juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Three Musketeers

***The Three Musketeers*** () is a novel of adventure fiction by Alexandre Dumas, père. It is the story of a young man named d'Artagnan. He leaves home to become a musket<nowiki/>eer of the guard of King Louis XIII of France. He and his friends Athos, Porthos, and Aramis live by the motto, "One for all, and all for one" ().

The story of d'Artagnan is continued in _Twenty Years After_ and _The Vicomte de Bragelonne_. Those three novels by Dumas are together known as the _D'Artagnan Romances_.

_The Three Musketeers_ was first published in serial form in the magazine _Le Siècle_ between March and July 1844. All the books sold well and made plenty of money for Dumas. The story was later made into several plays and movies.
Pasties

**Pasties** (sing. 'pastie') are small pieces of cloth, plastic or metal. They are treated specially so they are sticky. They are used to cover a girl's nipples or genital area. They vary in size and are usually not much larger than the person's areola.

The concept of 'pasties' is to show as much of the breast as possible without making the woman entirely topless. Many exotic dancers in strip clubs are required to wear them by law. Pasties are usually applied with a special glue or tape.  This is the origin of their name, as they are quite literally 'pasted' onto the nipple.

Pasties are worn by many neo-burlesque performers. Burlesque pasties may also feature tassels which hang from the center, performer will sometimes twirl these as part of a performance.

Some women who choose not to wear a bra wear pasties to prevent their nipples from protruding visibly through their shirt.

## Pasties in law

The United States Supreme Court held in _Erie v. Pap's A.M._ that a city ordinance requiring erotic dancers to wear pasties, and a g-string, was constitutional.
Stendhal

**Henri-Marie Beyle** (23 January 1783 – 23 March 1842) is better known by his pen name **Stendhal**. He was a 19th century French writer. He is known for his precise analysis of his characters' psychology. His two most famous novels are _Le Rouge et le Noir_ (_The Red and the Black_, 1830) and _La Chartreuse de Parme_ (_The Charterhouse of Parma_, 1839).

Stendhal was born in Grenoble. He died in Paris.
Travis Barker

**Travis Landon Barker** (born November 14, 1975) is an American drummer. He is better known for being in the band Blink-182. He is also the drummer for +44 and has several side projects such as Box Car Racer, Transplants and Expensive Taste.

## Plane crash

Just before midnight on September 19, 2008, Barker and Adam "DJ AM" Goldstein were involved in a plane crash. Barker and Goldstein survived but the pilot, Sarah Lemmon, the co-pilot, James Bland, Chris Baker and security guard, Charles "Che" Still all died in the crash. Barker suffered both second and third degree burns that covered around 1/3 of his body.

## Personal life

In May 2022, Barker married Kourtney Kardashian.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Travis Barker
- **image**: Travis Barker (28132648375) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Barker performing with Blink-182 in 2016
- **birth place**: Fontana, California, U.S.
- **education**: Fontana High School
- **years active**: 1993–present
- **television**: _Meet the Barkers_
- **children**: 3 children, 3 stepchildren
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Blink-182, Full list
Guy de Maupassant

**Guy de Maupassant** (5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a popular 19th century French writer. He is considered one of the fathers of the modern short story.

He was an apprentice of Flaubert. Maupassant's stories have a common economy of style and their efficient, effortless dénouement (ending). Many of the stories are set during the Franco-Prussian War. Many more describe the war. He also wrote six short novels.
Prairie dog

**Prairie dogs** are a genus of ground squirrels. They are  small, burrowing rodents which live in short-grass prairies and the high plains of western North America. The explorers Lewis and Clark sent a prairie dog to President Thomas Jefferson during their expedition; it was quite strange to him.

Prairie dogs are found in North America. In Mexico, they are mostly found in the northern states, which are the southern end of the great plains: northeastern Sonora, north and northeastern Chihuahua, northern Coahuila, northern Nuevo León, and northern Tamaulipas; in the U.S., they range primarily west of the Mississippi River, though they have also been introduced in a few eastern locales. They are also found in the Canadian Prairies. They will eat all sorts of vegetables and fruits.

## Diet

Prairie dogs are mostly herbivores (plant-eaters). They eat grasses, seeds, leaves, flowers, fruit, eggs, and some insects.

## Biology and behavior

Highly social, prairie dogs live in large colonies – collections of prairie dog families that can span hundreds of acres. Families usually are made up of one male and two to four females living in a strict social hierarchy. Prairie dog pups reach sexual maturity at about 3 years of age, and after their third winter the dominant male in a given family will drive them away, forcing them to establish their own families on the edges of the colony. The dominant male will defend the family's borders against rival prairie dogs, and disputes are resolved by fighting. Prairie dogs are also aggressive against predators such as badgers and snakes.

Prairie dogs are social animals, and often make social visits with each other, and greet each other with a sort of kiss. Prairie dogs employ a complex form of communication that involves barks and rhythmic chirps.

Prairie dog tunnel systems usually have several rooms. Tunnels can go down as far as , and can extend laterally as much as . Prairie dogs line their burrows with grass to insulate them, and the earth excavated from the burrow is piled up in mounds around the burrow's entrance. The prairie dogs use these carefully maintained mounds as observation posts.

The prairie dog is well adapted to predators. They can detect predators from a far distance and alert other prairie dogs to the danger with a special, high-pitched call. Prairie dogs use different calls to identify specific predators. Prairie dogs also trim the vegetation around their colonies, perhaps to remove any cover for predators. Their burrows generally contain several routes of escape.

The prairie dog is chiefly herbivorous, though it eats some insects. It feeds primarily on grasses and, in the fall, broadleaf plants. Prairie dogs have 1-6 pups (babies) yearly, which are born blind and furless and need about 30 days of close nurturing from their mother.

Sometimes two prairie dogs touch teeth with each other. Researchers think they do this as a way of recognizing each other.

## Predators

Prairie dogs are hunted by many animals, including wolves, dogs, coyotes, bobcats, foxes, and humans.
The Hunchback of Notre Dame

***The Hunchback of Notre Dame*** (, "Our Lady of Paris") is a 1831 French historical novel written by Victor Hugo. It is set in 1482 Paris. The story is about a Gypsy (Esmeralda), a bell-ringer in the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris (Quasimodo) and the archdeacon (Claude Frollo).

## Other websites

- _The Hunchback of Notre Dame_ at Internet Archive and Google Books, multiple English translations (scanned books original editions color illustrated)
- , 1888 English translation by Isabel Florence Hapgood (plain text and HTML)
- _The Hunchback of Notre Dame_ at LibriVox, 1888 English translation by Isabel Florence Hapgood (audiobook)
- _Notre Dame de Paris_ Harvard Classics
- _Notre-Dame de Paris_ at Wikisource (HTML)

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
- **title orig**: Notre-Dame de Paris
- **image**: Victor Hugo-Hunchback.jpg
- **caption**: <small>Illustration from
_Victor Hugo et son temps_ (1881)</small>
- **author**: Victor Hugo
- **illustrator**: Luc-Olivier Merson (original)
- **country**: France
- **language**: French
- **genre**: Romanticism
- **publisher**: Gosselin
- **pub date**: 14 January 1831
Antoine Watteau

**Jean-Antoine Watteau** (10 October 1684 – 18 July 1721) was a French painter. His brief career spurred the revival of interest in colour and movement in the tradition of Correggio and Rubens. It brought back the almost forgotten Baroque idiom, which, in time became known as Rococo. He invented the genre of _fêtes galantes_: scenes of bucolic and idyllic charm, with an air of theatricality. Some of his best known subjects were drawn from the world of Italian comedy and ballet.

## Other websites

- Watteau paintings at the Web Gallery of Art
Soggy biscuit

**Soggy biscuit** (also called “**limp biscuit**”, “**landscapers lunch**”, “**crispy cookie**”, “**ookie cookie**”, “**jizzcuit**” or “**jogo do pão**”) is a male masturbation game played mostly by teenage groups in which the participants stand around a biscuit masturbating until ejaculating onto it, and the last person to do so must eat the biscuit.
It is referred to by various other names around the world, such as "Jizzy Jiscuit", "Wet Biscuit", and "Ookie Cookie".

Although the way it is spelled may differ slightly, the notability of the game is shown by the variations of it being referred to in popular culture, examples including Stephen Fry's _The Liar_, the German movie _Crazy_, the 2006 film Sleeping Dogs Lie, the "Chains" episode of Blackadder II, the "Freaks & Greeks" episode of Drawn Together (2004-2006), the "Sleepover" episode of Big Mouth, Limp Bizkit, and Skinless's song "Scum Cookie".

The game is sometimes considered a form of hazing or bullying, where the participants are pressured to engage in an act of humiliation and degradation.

Despite its cultural ubiquity, there is little documented evidence of the game actually being played, with most accounts describing it as an urban legend or rumor. The idea of the game persists, however, likely due to its shock value.
Hurricane Isabel

**Hurricane Isabel** was the costliest and deadliest hurricane in the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the ninth named storm, fifth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the season. Isabel formed from a tropical wave in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. It moved northwestward, and it steadily strengthened to reach peak winds of 165 mph (265 km/h) on September 11. After weakening and strengthening for four days, Isabel slowly weakened. It moved onto the Outer Banks of North Carolina with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) on September 18. It quickly weakened over land.

In North Carolina, the storm surge from Isabel washed away part of Hatteras Island. This area of washed away land was sometimes known as Isabel Inlet. Damage was highest along the Outer Banks, where thousands of homes were damaged or destroyed. The worst effects happened in Virginia, especially in the Hampton Roads area and on the shores of the James River. Virginia had the most deaths and damage from the hurricane. About 64% of the total damage and 68% of the total deaths from the storm happened in North Carolina and Virginia.

There was moderate to severe damage up the Atlantic coastline and as far west as West Virginia. About six million lost power in the eastern United States. Rain fell from South Carolina to Maine, and westward to Michigan. In total, damage is estimated at $3.6 billion (2003 USD, $4.1 billion 2008 USD). 16 deaths in seven states are blamed directly on the hurricane. 35 more deaths in six states and one province were not directly related to the hurricane.

## Retirement

List of retired Atlantic hurricane names

The name Isabel was later retired and replaced by Ida for the 2009 season.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Isabel
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 2003
- **basin**: atl
- **image location**: File:Isabel 2003-09-12 1815Z.png
- **image name**: Hurricane Isabel as a powerful storm on September 12.
- **formed**: September 6, 2003
- **dissipated**: September 20, 2003
- **1-min winds**: 145
- **pressure**: 915
- **damages**: 3600
- **inflated**: 2
- **fatalities**: 16 direct, 35 indirect
- **areas**: Greater Antilles, Bahamas, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, West Virginia, Delaware, New Jersey, New York (state), New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Ontario, Washington, D.C.
- **hurricane season**: 2003 Atlantic hurricane season
- **series**: Hurricane Isabel
Eugène Delacroix

**Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix** (26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863) was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school. Delacroix's use of expressive brushstrokes and his study of the optical effects of colour profoundly shaped the work of the Impressionists, while his passion for the exotic inspired the artists of the Symbolist movement. A fine lithographer, Delacroix illustrated various works of William Shakespeare, the Scottish writer Sir Walter Scott, and the German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

In contrast to the Neoclassical perfectionism of his chief rival Ingres, Delacroix took for his inspiration the art of Rubens and painters of the Venetian Renaissance, with an attendant emphasis on color and movement rather than clarity of outline and carefully modeled form. Dramatic and romantic content characterized the central themes of his maturity, and led him not to the classical models of Greek and Roman art, but to travel in North Africa, in search of the exotic. Friend and spiritual heir to Théodore Géricault, Delacroix was also inspired by Byron, with whom he shared a strong identification with the "forces of the sublime", of nature in often violent action.

However, Delacroix was given neither to sentimentality nor bombast, and his Romanticism was that of an individualist. In the words of Baudelaire, "Delacroix was passionately in love with passion, but coldly determined to express passion as clearly as possible."

Delacroix was a member of the Club des Hashischins, or Hashish Club. This group of French writers experimented with hashish to get ideas.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Eugène Delacroix
- **image**: Félix_Nadar_1820-1910_portraits_Eugène_Delacroix.jpg
- **caption**: Eugène Delacroix (portrait by Nadar (photographer), Nadar)
- **birth name**: Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix
- **birth place**: Charenton (Saint-Maurice), Île-de-France (region), Île-de-France, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **nationality**: France, French
- **field**: Painting, Lithography
- **movement**: Romanticism
- **works**: _Liberty Leading the People_, 1830
Eugène Durieu

**Jean Louis Marie Eugène Durieu** (1800; Nîmes, France – 1874; Paris, France) was an early French photographer of nudes, known for making studies for Eugène Delacroix.  Some of Durieu's nudes were used by Delacroix to creating his own paintings and drawings.

## References

- Coke, Van Deren. "Two Delacroix Drawings Made from Photographs". _Art Journal_, Vol. 21, No. 3. (Spring, 1962), pp. 172–174. <https://www.jstor.org/stable/774417>.
Anabolism

**Anabolism** is the set of metabolic pathways that build molecules from smaller units. Enzymes take little molecules and stick them together to make bigger molecules. Some of these enzymes are anabolic steroid<nowiki/>s.

## Related pages

- Metabolism
- Catabolism
Period (punctuation)

A **period** (US) or **full stop** (UK) is a punctuation mark (**.**) at the end of a sentence. It shows that the sentence has finished. To be a sentence it must have at least one complete clause, with a verb and a subject.

When it is used in numbers, it is called a decimal point. It shows that the numbers to the right of it are less than one, as in _1.234_. When it is used to write money in numbers, it shows that the numbers to the right of it are less than one pound/dollar/euro. For example:

- "Elizabeth bought a soda for $1.28 cents."

means that Elizabeth paid one dollar and twenty-eight cents for her drink.

A point may be used after a word has been shortened: _Pty. Ltd._ The words doctor, mister, and mistress are often made shorter when used with a name. "_Dr._ Smith" is the name of a doctor whose last name is Smith, and "_Mr._" Banerjee is short for Mister Banerjee. "_Mrs_" means a wife, "_Miss_" is an unmarried female. "_Ms_" can be used for either. A point is also used after a first or middle initial, but does not follow the last name, for example, "_J._ Citizen".

When three periods are used together (**...**), they are called an ellipsis.

## Related pages

- Punctuation
Hyphen

The **hyphen**  is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. The use of hyphens is called **hyphenation**. A **hyphen** looks like this: **-**. Hyphens have many uses in writing.

_Son-in-law_ is an example of a hyphenated word. The hyphen is sometimes confused with dashes which are longer and have different uses, or with the minus sign. The hyphen is the shortest of these signs.

- Some words can have a hyphen added to change the meaning. For example, _re-form_ means "start again" but _reform_ means "change". A re-formed group is different from a reformed group.
- A hyphen is used to spell out some numbers (thirty-two, forty-nine, eighty-six).
- When a name for a material such as "stainless steel" is used with a word for a thing made of that material, a hyphen may be used, as in "stainless-steel knife".
- Some words have letters at the beginning, or prefixes, these can sometimes use hyphens: un-American, anti-pollution, non-proliferation
- When spelling out a word: H-Y-P-H-E-N
- In some cases, when putting two words together would be hard to understand. For example, if something is **l**ike a she_ll_, writing it as "shelllike" is hard to read with so many uses of the letter 'l'. It is better to use "shell-like."
- When writing words that someone has spoken when that person has difficulty speaking, as in: "I reached for the w-w-w-watering can." This is called a stammer.
- When adding words that already have a hyphen. For example: _two_ to _year-old_ as in: "He was a two- or three-year-old dog."
- If a word for a person (a name or proper noun) is used with another name, a hyphen is used, such as "the Merriam-Webster dictionary" or "the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact."
- Some people take a name from the family names of both parents, or from the last name of their father and husband. For example: "John Rees-Williams". This is not always the case, for example: "Hillary Rodham Clinton".
- A hyphen is also used when a word is too long to fit in one row of writing. This is often done in books, magazines and newspapers to save space and paper. A long word is broken into two parts, of nearly the same length, with a hyphen at the end of the first part. The normal way is to make the first part of the word as much of a complete word as possible. For example:

|Good|Not so good|
| --- | --- |
|What was done was not good, not help- ful, nor was it very useful.|What was done was not good, not hel- pful, nor was it very useful.|

## Related pages

- Punctuation
Hyphen-minus

The **hyphen-minus**, `-`, is a symbol used as a hyphen `‐`, a minus sign `−`, or a dash `–`.
S.H.E

**S.H.E** is a Taiwanese girl group with three people: Selina Ren, Hebe Tien, and Ella Chen. The group's name comes from the first letter of each person's name. A record label called HIM International Music created S.H.E after they organized a singing competition in 2000.

At first, there was supposed to be only one winner; that person was Selina Ren. But then the record label thought that the other two girls, Hebe Tien and Ella Chen, were good singers too, so they put the three girls together. Since the release of _Girls Dorm_, S.H.E's first album, in 2001, the group has released a total of 11 albums, and sold over 4.5 million copies. However, some people do not like S.H.E because they often sing songs that other people had sung before. In addition to music, the trio has acted in many TV dramas, and sang many theme songs for them. Because of S.H.E's success, some Taiwanese companies are now trying to create girl groups of their own.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **background**: group_or_band
- **name**: S.H.E
- **img**: SHE perfect3hk.jpg
- **caption**: Hebe, Ella, and Selina (from left to right) in Hong Kong during their Perfect 3 tour.
- **genre**: Mandopop
- **origin**: Republic of China (Taiwan)
- **label**: HIM International Music
EMI <small>(Mainland China, PRC, Singapore)</small>
WOW Music <small>(Hong Kong, HK; 2007–present)</small>
Avex Trax, Avex Asia <small>(Hong Kong, HK; 2001–2007)</small>
- **years active**: 2001–present
- **current members**: Selina Jen, Selina, Hebe Tien, Hebe, Ella Chen, Ella
- **website**: [http://www.him.com.tw/artist/artist-mini-she.php www.him.com.tw]
Multiplexer

In electronics, a **multiplexer** or **mux** (_occasionally the term **mul-dex** is also found, for a combination multiplexer-demultiplexer_) is a device that selects one of many analog or digital input signals and outputs it into a single output line. This process is termed: **multiplexing**.

An electronic multiplexer makes it possible for several signals to share one expensive device or other resource, for example one A/D converter or one communication line, instead of having one device per input signal.

An **analog multiplexer** is a special type of analog switch that connects one signal selected from several inputs to a single output.

A **digital multiplexer** is a set of parallel switches, with selector that selects one of the input digital channels to outputs into the single digital output channel. The selector selects one of the input channels according to the digital command (number) it receives.

In electronics, a **demultiplexer** (or **demux**) is a device taking a single input signal and selecting one of many data-output-lines, which is connected to the single input. A multiplexer is often used with a complementary demultiplexer on the receiving end.

An electronic multiplexer can be considered as a multiple-input, single-output switch, and a demultiplexer as a single-input, multiple-output switch.

In telecommunications and signal processing, a multiplexer is a device that combines several input information signals into one output signal, which carries several communication channels, by means of some multiplex technique. A **demultiplexer** is in this context a device that takes a single input signal that carries many channels and separates the channels over multiple output signals.

One cost-saving use for multiplexers is connecting a **multiplexer** and a **demultiplexer** (or **demux**) together (called **mul-dex**) over a single communication channel (by connecting the multiplexer's single output to the demultiplexer's single input). The image to the right demonstrates this.

In this case, the cost of implementing separate channels for each data source is more expensive than the cost of implementing the multiplexing/demultiplexing functions.

At the receiving end of the data link a complementary _demultiplexer_ is normally required to break single data stream back down into the original streams.

In some cases, the far end system may have more functionality than a simple demultiplexer and so, at the same time as the demultiplexing still exists logically, it may never actually happen physically, such as in network address translation where a number of IP private network users are multiplexed over a single public IP address.

## References

M. Morris Mano and Charles R. Kime, Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, Prentice Hall, Inc., 2008
Tramway

**Tramway** means more than one thing:
- Tramway (industrial), a railway that is easy to take up and put back down
- A  public transport tram system that runs on rails
Input/output

In computing, **input/output/(*.*).**, or **Clear Text**, refers to the communication between a digital processing system (such as a computer or an embedded system), and the outside world – possibly a human, another processing system or a device.

Inputs are the signals or data received by the system, and outputs are the signals or data sent from it.

I/O devices are used by a person (or other system) to communicate with the digital processing system. For instance, keyboards and mice are considered input devices of a computer, while monitors and printers are considered output devices of a computer. Devices for communication between computers, such as modems and network cards, typically serve for both input and output.

Note that the description of a device as either input or output depends on how it is viewed. Mouses and keyboards take as input physical movement that the human user outputs and convert it into signals that a computer can understand. The output from these devices is input for the computer. Similarly, printers and monitors take as input signals that a computer outputs. They then convert these signals into representations that human users can see or read. (For a human user the process of reading or seeing these representations is receiving input.)

Computers only work with digital information, any input that a computer receives must be digitalised.
Instruction set

An **instruction set,** or **instruction set architecture** (ISA),  is a list of all the commands (instructions), with all their variations, that a processor can execute.

Instructions include:

- Arithmetic such as **add** and **subtract**
- Logic instructions such as **and**, **or**, and **not**
- Data instructions such as **move**, **input**, **output**, **load**, and **store**
- Control flow instructions such as **goto**, **if ... goto**, **call**, and **return**.

**Instruction set architecture** is distinguished from **microarchitecture**. Microarchitecture is the detailed description of the system that is enough for completely describing the operation of all parts of the computing system, as well as how they are inter-connected and inter-operate to implement the ISA. An **instruction set** is the part of the computer architecture related to programming. An ISA includes a specification set of opcodes (machine language), which are the native commands implemented in a particular central processing unit design. There are 2 variations of the instruction set, CISC and RISC.

Computers with different microarchitectures can share a common instruction set. For example, the Intel Pentium and the AMD Athlon implement nearly identical versions of the x86 instruction set, but they are very different in internal designs.

## Related pages

- CISC
- RISC
- VLIW
- MISC
- digital signal processor
- graphics processing unit
- central processing unit
- microcontroller
- microprocessor
- Computer architecture

## Other websites

- Mark Smotherman's Historical Computer Designs Page
- Microprocessor Instruction Set Cards
- A Set of Standard Microprocessor Programming Cards by Jonathan Bowen
- Randy Hyde's discussion on ISA
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

The **Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)**, (राष्ट्रीय स्वयंसेवक संघ, lit. "National Volunteer Union" or "National Volunteer Corps") is an Indian far right-wing Hindutva volunteer paramilitary organisation. It leads a group of affiliated organisations called the Sangh Parivar ("Sangh family"), which have a presence across Indian society. This network includes the Bharatiya Janata Party, the current ruling party under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Mohan Bhagwat has been the Sarsanghchalak (सरसंघचालक, Chief leader) of the RSS since March 2009.

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) was founded on 27 September 1925 with the aim of providing character training and promoting "Hindu discipline" to unite the Hindu community and establish a Hindu Rashtra (Hindu nation). It works to spread the ideology of Hindutva and emphasizes the preservation of Indian culture and civilizational values. However, RSS has been a subject of debate and criticism. Some describe it as being founded on Hindu supremacy and have accused it of intolerance toward minorities, particularly in relation to anti-Muslim activities. The organization's role in Indian politics and society continues to be widely discussed and interpreted from different perspectives.

The RSS did not participate in the Indian independence movement and has been criticised for its ties to the British colonial administration. After India's independence, it grew into a major Hindu nationalist organisation, establishing schools, charities, and affiliated groups to promote its ideology. The RSS was banned multiple times by the Indian government. The first ban was in 1948 after Nathuram Godse, a former RSS member, assassinated Mahatma Gandhi. It was banned again during the Emergency (1975–1977) and a third time following the demolition of the Babri Masjid in 1992.Today, the RSS is considered the world's largest far-right organization by membership. However, it has faced criticism, with scholars arguing that it spreads hatred and promotes violence. Its role in Indian politics and society remains a subject of ongoing debate.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
- **native name**: राष्ट्रीय स्वयंसेवक संघ
- **native name lang**: hi
- **image**:
- **caption**: RSS members marching in Bhopal
- **logo**: File:Rssflag.jpg
- **logo size**: 150px
- **logo caption**: Saffron (color)#Political and religious uses, Bhagwa Dhwaj or saffron flag, an official symbol of the RSS
- **abbreviation**: RSS
- **founder**: K. B. Hedgewar
- **type**: Non-profit political organisation
- **status**: Active
- **purpose**: Promotion of Hindu nationalism and Hindutva
- **headquarters**: Dr. Hedgewar Bhawan, Sangh Building Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra – 440 032, India
- **area served**: India
- **leader title**: List of Sarsanghchalaks of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Sarsanghchalak (Chief)
- **leader name**: Mohan Bhagwat
- **leader title2**: Sarkaryawah (General Secretary)
- **leader name2**: Dattatreya Hosabale
- **affiliations**: Sangh Parivar
- **bodystyle**: MNRR
Power consumption

In electrical engineering, **power consumption** refers to the electrical energy per unit time, supplied to operate something, such as a home appliance. Power consumption is usually measured in units of watts (W) or kilowatts (kW).

The energy used by equipment is always more than the energy really needed. This is because no equipment is 100% efficient. Power is wasted as heat, vibrations and/or electromagnetic radiation. For example, a light bulb does not only convert electric power into light; it also makes some heat.
Hindutva

**Hindutva**, which means "Hinduness", is a kind of nationalism in India.

## Origin

_Hindutva_ was made popular by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1923. Groups that believe in Hindutva include but not limited to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), and the Sangh Parivar. Hindutva considers Hinduism better than other religions and cultures. Because of this, some people accuse Hindutva of being a "fascist" idea, while others see Hindutva as conservative.

### Christophe Jaffrelot

As per Christophe Jaffrelot, a political scientist specializing in South Asia, the Hindutva ideology has roots in an era where the fiction in ancient Indian mythology and the Vedics  was thought to be valid. This fiction was used to "give sustenance to Hindu ethnic consciousness". Its strategy emulated the Muslim identity politics of the Khilafat movement after World War I, and borrowed political concepts from the West – mainly Germany.

### Anthony Parel

As per Anthony Parel, a historian and political scientist, V. D. Savarkar's _Hindutva, Who is a Hindu?_ (1923) is a fundamental text of Hindutva ideology. He comments on Savarkar's summary of Hindu culture "as a self-sufficient culture, not needing any input from other cultures" by saying that this is "an unhistorical, narcissistic and false account of India's past".

### Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad

Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad, a fellow of the British Academy and a scholar of Politics and Philosophy of Religion, says that Hindutva is a form of nationalism that is seen differently by its opponents and its supporters. The Hindutva ideology according to Savarkar, states Ram-Prasad, is based on  "geography, race, and culture".
Phetchabun

**Phetchabun** is a town in the northeastern and the central part of Thailand.
It is about  in size. The distance from the east to the west is . The distance from the north to the south is . The height above sea level is . Phetchabun is  from Bangkok.

## Administrative division

The administrative distributes to are 11 districts (amphur), 117 subdistricts (tumbol), and 1261 villages (muban).

## The boundaries

- Loei borders Phetchabun to the north.
- Lopburi borders Phetchabun to the south.
- Khon Kaen and Chaiyaphum borders Phethabun to the east.
- Phitsanulok Nakhonsawan and Phichit borders Phetchabun to the west.

## History

Phetchabun is ancient. It is unclear who founded it. Krom Phraya Dhamlong Racha Nupap says that Phetchabun established for 2 periods in the same relic of Buddha temple and ancient temple. At first age, built when the northland is Sukhothai city or Phitsanulok is the capital. There is the waterway in a public city.
The second period built in, Narai's period. There was a river at the center of a city. In the north side had a wall for Guading the enemies. In the south there was a field.
An archeologist discovered the evidence in Si Thep city. The evidence was over 1000 years old. Phetchabun was built in the same time as Phimai, Lopburi.

## The park

- Khao Khor national park ()
- Tad Mok national park ()
- Nam Nao national park ()
- Si Thep Historical park ()
Phetchabun province

**Phetchabun** () is one of the northern provinces (_changwat_) of Thailand. As of 2000, 965,784 people live there, and has an area of 12,668.4km². The Governor is Direk Thuengfang.

## Administrative divisions

The province has  11 districts (_amphoe_); 117 subdistricts (_tambon_) and 1261 villages (_muban_).

## Infobox (province)

- **name**: Phetchabun
- **native name**: เพชรบูรณ์
- **native name lang**: th
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Thailand, Province
- **image map**: Thailand Phetchabun locator map.svg
- **mapsize**: frameless
- **map caption**: Map of Thailand highlighting Phetchabun Province
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Mueang Phetchabun District, Mueang Phetchabun
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Thawatchai Thoetphaothai (since October 2009)
- **area total km2**: 12668.4
- **area rank**: List of provinces of Thailand by area, Ranked 9th
- **population total**: 965784
- **population as of**: 2000
- **population rank**: List of provinces of Thailand by population, Ranked 19th
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: List of provinces of Thailand by population density, Ranked 55th
- **timezone1**: Thailand Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +7
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:TH, TH-67
Minimal instruction set computer

**Minimal Instruction Set Computer** (**MISC**) is a processor architecture with a very small number of basic instruction operations and corresponding opcodes.  As a result of this is a smaller instruction set, a smaller and faster instruction set decode unit, and faster operation of individual instructions.  The disadvantage is that smaller instruction set always have more sequential dependencies, reducing instruction-level parallelism.

## Related pages

- Complex instruction set computer (CISC)
- Reduced instruction set computer (RISC)
- Very long instruction word (VLIW)

## Other websites

- Forth MISC chip designs
- seaForth-24  - the latest multi-core MISC design from Chuck Moore
Zoophilia

**Zoophilia** is a type of paraphilia. People who have it feel sexually or romantically attracted to animals. These people are called **zoophiles**. Richard von Krafft-Ebing first used the term 1886. In his work _Psychopathia sexualis_, Krafft-Ebing talks about the _abuse of animals_,which he also calls bestiality. He also talks about _zoophilia erotica_, which he defines as being sexually attracted to animal hide or fur. Today, the term bestiality is used to refer to sexual activity with animals.  It is illegal in many countries.  Zoophilia is a mental disorder in the DSM.

## Occurence

The Kinsey Reports, which were published in 1948 and 1953, found that 8% of males, and 3.7% of females had had sexual relations with animals. According to these reports, with people living on farms these numbers rose to between 40% and 50%. The problem with the Kinsey Reports is that most people who took part were convicts, the sample does not represent all of the population, which is known as selection bias. Martin Duberman, who continued Kinsey's work removed the convicts from the samples, but he didn't find a significant change in the results.

In a 1974 study, 4.9% of males said they had had sexual interactions with animals. In 1974, the possibility to live with animals on a farm had decreased by 80%.  The 1974 study found that the numbers almost halved: 4.9% of men indicated they had had sexual relations with animals, in comparison to the 8% of the Kinsey Reports of 1948; similarly, 1.9% of women indicated that choice, compared to the 3.6% of the Kinsey Reports of 1953. According to Miletski, this isn't due to less interest, but simply because people have less opportunity.

In 1973, Nancy Friday published the book called _My Secret Garden_. In it, she describes about 190 sexual fantasies of women; 23 of these fantasies include sexual activities with animals.

People who are hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital have a higher reported prevalence of zoosexuality/zoophilia than the normal population (55%; 45% real sexual contacts, 30% sexual fantasies, compared to  the 10% in the control group and 15% of hospital staff).

Having sexual fantasies about sex with animals also occur in people who do not show any interest in copulating with animals in real life. According to  Nancy Friday this might be a way to flee from cultural expectations and limitations as to what kind of sexual activity is permissible in a society.

Studies have found, that women watching movies which include Bonobos copulating have shown greater vaginal reactions than those who watched movies without such sexual stimuli.

Zoophilia is a phenomenon that occurs in many different groups: It occurs with "White people, black people, Asians, Mormons, Amish, Catholics, atheists, pagans, jews, men and women". People who "grow up in a region with animals dont become zoophile more often than those who grow up in a region without them, such as a city".
Sukhoi Su-30

**Sukhoi Su-30** is a Russian fighter aircraft. It is developed by Sukhoi Aviation Corporation. It is a 4.5-generation jet fighter aircraft. The aircraft is used by these air forces:

- Algerian Air Force
- Angolan Air Force
- People's Liberation Army Air Force
- Indian Air Force
- Indonesian Air Force
- Kazakh Air Force
- Royal Malaysian Air Force
- Russian Air Force
- Uganda Air Force
- Venezuelan Air Force
- Vietnam People's Air Force

## Versions

**Su-30K**

Export version of the basic Su-30

**Su-30MKI**

Version for India

**Su-30SM**

Version of the Su-30MKI for Russia
One instruction set computer

A **One Instruction Set Computer** (**OISC**) is an abstract computer that uses only one instruction (with no need for a machine language opcode). Such computers are the extreme case or the logical conclusion of Reduced instruction set computers, although the concept has been used only in academic circles, as a teaching aid like the URISC.

The **Ultimate RISC** (**URISC**) is the name given by researchers at the University of Waterloo in the city of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, to their implementation of a single-instruction computer. URISC allows complete description of a fully functional computer, in only a few pages.

## References

- The Retrocomputing Museum
- MAXQ product line homepage
- OISC Implementation with subleq
- Univ. of Waterloo URISC: F. Mavaddat and B. Parhami, URISC: The Ultimate Reduced Instruction Set Computer, _Int'l J. Electrical Engineering Education_, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 327-334, October 1988.
- Univ. of Iowa Ultimate: RISC (Accessed November 2008).

## Other websites

- Mark II OISC Self-Interpreter Possibly the first-ever OISC self-interpreter.
- SBN Computer
- SUBLEQ compiler and emulator
- http://esolangs.org/wiki/Subleq
- BitBitJump - the simplest OISC
Zero instruction set computer

In computer science, **ZISC** stands for **Zero Instruction Set Computer**, which refers to a chip technology based on pure pattern matching and absence of micro-instructions.

The name **ZISC** was derived from RISC.

## Other websites

- From CISC to RISC to ZISC by S. Liebman on lsmarketing.com
- Neural Networks on Silicon  at aboutAI.net
- Open Directory: Hardware: Components: Processors: ZISC
- Recognetics Home of CogniMem the successor of ZISC
Greco-Roman world

The **Greco-Roman** or **Graeco-Roman world**, refers to geographical regions and countries who had the language, culture, government or religion of the ancient Greeks and Romans.

## Other websites

- Greek influence
Peoples Temple

**Peoples Temple** was an organization founded in 1955 by Jim Jones that, by the mid-1970s, possessed over a dozen locations in California including its headquarters in San Francisco. It is best known for the death of over 900 of its members on November 18, 1978 in Guyana, at the Peoples Temple Agricultural Project (informally called "Jonestown"), a nearby airstrip at Port Kaituma, and Georgetown.

## Related pages

- For details of the event, see Jim Jones
Lotus (genus)

***Lotus*** is a genus of the Pea family. This genus includes 125-180 species.

## Other websites

- Birdsfoot trefoil
Regina Spektor

**Regina Spektor** (born February 18, 1980) is a Russian-American singer-songwriter and pianist.  She was born in Moscow, Russia, but moved to The Bronx in New York City as a child.

She has released eight studio albums. She released her first album _11:11_ in 2001. In 2002 she released her second album _Songs_. Spektor's third album _Soviet Kitsch_ was her first album to be released on a record label. Three singles were released from the album. In 2009 Spektor released her fourth album _Far_. _What We Saw from the Cheap Seats_ was released in 2012.

She usually sings in English but has used other languages in her songs including Latin, French, and Russian.

Spektor sings the theme song of Orange is the New Black, "You've Got Time". The song was nominated for the award for Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 2013 Grammy Awards.

## Personal life

Spektor married Jack Dishel in 2011.

She gave birth to a baby boy in 2014.

## Other websites

- Official website
Micro-operation

In microarchitecture **micro-operations** (sometimes termed: **micro-instructions**, also known as **micro-ops** or **μops**), are detailed low-level instructions used in some designs to implement complex machine instructions in which each instruction is composed of a set of low-level micro-ops.
Bulldog

The **bulldog**, known as the **British Bulldog** or **English Bulldog**, is a medium-size breed of dog from England.

People originally bred bulldogs to fight bulls during the 1600s. The dog's mouth was designed to bite a bull's nose and not let go.

The bulldog is recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC).

### Size

Bulldogs are medium in size. They are wide and compact with large, thick heads. Their muzzle (nose and mouth) is short, like a pug's.

They generally weigh . They are usually  tall at the shoulders.

They have stocky legs at each corner of their muscular body, so when they walk, they take short steps and swing their body from side to side.

### Fur

Their fur comes in many colors, including light brown, white, black or mixed (brindle). Black is not a desired color at dog shows, but black bulldogs can compete.

## Temperament

Bulldogs are good family pets. They are also brave and are good guard dog<nowiki/>s.

Bulldogs need a lot of human attention to be happy. They do not need much exercise or grooming except for the face, which should be wiped daily in the face folds with a damp cloth.

## Infobox (dog breed)

- **name**: Bulldog
- **image**: Bulldog adult male.jpg
- **image caption**: Male English Bulldog
- **altname**: English Bulldog,
British Bulldog
- **country**: England
- **collapse standards and traits**: no
- **colour**: Brindle; solid white, red, fawn or yellow; piebald
- **litter size**: 3-7-12
- **life span**: 3–12 years
- **kc name**: The Kennel Club
- **kc std**: http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/services/public/breed/standard.aspx?id=4084
- **fcistd**: http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/149g02-en.pdf
- **note**: National animal of United Kingdom
Defecation

**Defecation** is when poop comes out of the anus. It is the act of taking away solid, semisolid or liquid waste from the body, known as "Faeces (American spelling, _Feces_)".
Flag of Turkey

The **flag of Turkey** () has a white crescent moon and a star on a red background. The flag is called _Ay Yıldız_ (literally, moon star) or _Alsancak_ (red banner) in Turkish.

The flag has a complex origin since it is an ancient design, and uses the same symbols of the late flag of the Ottoman Empire which was adopted in 1844 with the Tanzimat reforms; though the shape, placement and shade of the color varies. The geometric proportions of the flag were legally standardized with the Turkish Flag Law in 1936. The shade of red used in the flag is approximated by Pantone 186, or RGB (227, 10, 23).
Flag of Saudi Arabia

The **flag of Saudi Arabia** is the flag used by the government of Saudi Arabia since March 15, 1973. It is a green flag featuring in white an Arabic inscription and a sword.

The script on the flag is written in the _Thuluth_ script. It is the _shahadah_ or Islamic declaration of faith:

- لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله
- _la ilaha ill allah muhammadun rasul allah_
- "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his final Messenger"

The sword, symbolizes the importance of the inscription by underlining it.

Green flags with this or other Arabic scripts are commonly seen in Islam. They should not be confused with the Saudi national flag. These other flags normally do not have the sword symbol.

The flag is made so that the _shahada_ reads correctly, from right to left, from either side. The sword points from hoist to fly on both sides. The flag is sinister hoisted. This means that the obverse side (front) has the hoist side (flagpole side) to the right.
Coat of arms of Saudi Arabia

The **Saudi Arabian coat of arms** () is a coat of arms that was adopted in 1950. According to the Saudi Constitution it is made of two crossed swords with a palm tree in the open upper space between the blades. Each of the swords represents the two kingdoms which founded modern day Saudi Arabia, the Kingdom of Hejaz and the Sultanate of Najd.

The date palm tree represents vitality and growth.
The crossed Shamshir symbolize justice and strength rooted in faith.