juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Musa Ibrahim

**Musa Ibrahim** () is a Bangladeshi mountaineer and a journalist. He reached the summit around 5:05am BST on May 23, 2010. He put up the flag of Bangladesh on the summit at around 5:16am BST. From then, Bangladesh became the 67th country to have one of its citizens reach the top of Mount Everest.

Musa Ibrahim is the General Secretary of North Alpine Club Bangladesh, a Bangladeshi mountaineering club. He also serves as Senior Correspondent at Channel 24. He also served as the sub-editor of _The Daily Star_.
He founded "Everest Academy" on 2011 to get more young people to participate in mountaineering and adventure activities.

Musa reached the top of Mount Kilimanjaro on 13 September 2011, with his team member Niaz Morshed Patwary.

## Education

Musa Ibrahim attained his Bachelor of Education(B.Ed) degree on Science Education and Master of Education(M.Ed)_ degree on Educational Evaluation and Research from _'Institute of Education and Research (IER), University of Dhaka. He also attained a degree on Disaster Management from BRAC University. Musa Ibrahim was a student of Thakurgaon Sugar Mills High School during 1983 to 1994.

## Family

Musa Ibrahim is the second child of his parents. His father's name is Ansar Ali and mother's name is Bilkis Begum. His elder sister is Noor Ayesha, UN employee and younger brother is Shoeb Harun, studying in Sydney, Australia. He got married in January 2007 to Ummey Sharaban Tahura, Assistant Judge. Their only son is Wasi Ibrahim Raiid. http://www.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2010-05-26/news/66023

## Mountaineering timeline

- September 13, 2011: Mount Kilimanjaro (5,885 m/19,308 ft) Summit
- May 23, 2010: Everest(8848m/29,029 ft) Summit
- June 14, 2009: Annapurna IV (7525m/24682 ft) Summit
- December 1, 2008: Langsisa Ri (6310m/20700 ft) Summit
- May, 2007: Chullu West(6419m/21054 ft)Ascent up to  18500 ft
- May, 2006: Frey Peak(5831m/19125 ft) Summit
- September, 2005: Advanced Mountaineering Training(5335m/17500 ft) Finished training successfully
- May, 2005: Mera Peak(6654m/21825 ft) Ascent up to  18500 ft
- May 10–23, 2004: EBC Trail(5335m/17500 ft) Trekked successfully
- April, 2004: Basic Mountaineering Training(4878m/16000 ft) Finished training successfully
- April 8–16, 2002: Annapurna Trail(3800m/12464 ft) Ascent Muktinath
- September 2000: Keocradong Hill(967m/3172 ft) Trekked to the top successfully

## References

- thedailystar.net

## Other websites

- Musa's official website
- http://jugantor.info/enews/issue/2010/05/25/news0454.php
- http://www.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2010-05-25/news/65859
- http://www.bdnews24.com/details.php?cid=2&id=162247&hb=top

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Musa Ibrahim
- **native name**: মুসা ইব্রাহীম
- **native name lang**: bn
- **image**: Portrait_of_Musa_Ibrahim.JPG
- **birth place**: Lalmonirhat, Bangladesh
- **nationality**: Bangladeshi
- **alma mater**: University of Dhaka
BRAC University
- **children**: Wasi Ibrahim Raiid
- **spouse**: Ummey Sharaban Tahura
- **known for**: Being the first Bangladeshi to reach the top of Mount Everest.
- **occupation**: Mountaineering, Mountaineer/Journalist
Sidney Altman

**Sidney Altman** (May 7, 1939 – April 5, 2022) was a Canadian-American molecular biologist. He was a Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University. In 1989 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas Cech for their work on the catalytic properties of RNA. Altman was of Jewish descent.

## Works

Altman's Nobel Prize work came with the analysis of the catalytic properties of the ribozyme RNase P. RNase P is a ribonucleoprotein particle, part RNA and part protein. Originally it was thought that, in the bacterial RNase P complex, the protein subunit was responsible for the catalytic activity of the complex.

During experiments in which the complex was taken apart and put together in test tubes, Altman and his group discovered a remarkable thing.  The RNA component, in isolation, was enough for the observed catalytic activity of the enzyme. This was remarkable because, previously, it was thought that only enzymes could catalyse reactions in living cells. Altman's research showed that RNA itself had catalytic properties. This was the discovery that earned him the Nobel prize.

Although the RNase P complex also exists in eukaryotic organisms, Altman's later work showed that in eukaryotes the protein subunits are essential to the catalytic activity, in contrast to the bacterial RNase P.

## Death

Altman died on April 5, 2022 in Rockleigh, New Jersey after a long illness at the age of 82.

## Other websites

- Sidney Altman Nobel Lecture: Enzymatic cleavage of RNA by RNA
- Altman S Author Profile Page on Pubget

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Sidney Altman
- **image**: Sidney Altman crop.jpg
- **caption**: Altman in 2012
- **birth place**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **death place**: Rockleigh, New Jersey, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: Canadians, Canadian & Americans, American
- **field**: Molecular biology
- **alma mater**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, University of Colorado at Boulder
- **known for**: Ribozymes
- **prizes**: Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1989)
Lomonosov Gold Medal (2016)
- **spouse**: Ann Korner (m. 1972; 2 children)
- **doctoral advisor**: Leonard Lerman
Brian Cox (actor)

**Brian Denis Cox**, CBE (born 1 June 1946) is a Scottish actor who is best known for his roles in _Manhunter_, _Rushmore_, _X2_, _Troy_, and in _RED_. He has won an Emmy Award and an BAFTA Award. In 2018, he began playing Logan Roy in the television series _Succession_.

Cox was born on 1 June 1946 in Dundee, Scotland. He studied at the Dundee Repertory Theatre and at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. Cox was married to Caroline Burt from 1968 until they divorced in 1986. He married Nicole Ansari in 2002. With Burt, he had four children, two who were stillborn. With Ansari, he has two sons.

## References

cox voiced Emperor Nero for heirloom audios production adaptation of G.A henty's beric the Briton to radio. He has also appeared in Braveheart, rob Roy and bourne identity.
Mizo National Front

**Mizo National Front (MNF)** is a regional political party in Mizoram, India. It held a major uprising in 1966. In 1986, it signed the Mizo Accord with the Government of India, ending the violence.

## Infobox (political party)

- **party name**: Mizo National Front
- **leader**: Pu Laldenga
- **president**: Pu Zoramthanga
- **foundation**: 1961
- **headquarters**: Aizawl, Mizoram
- **publication**: _Hruaitu Arsi_
- **youth**: Mizo National Youth Front
- **women**: Mizo National Women Front
- **ideology**: Populism
Mizo Nationalism
Social liberalism
Democratic socialism
Social democracy
Christianity
Third Way (centrism), Third Way
Social populism, Social Populism
- **colours**: Blue
- **position**: Conservative
- **eci**: Regional Party
- **symbol**: Star
- **country**: India
Gebhard Leberecht von Blucher

**Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Fürst von Wahlstatt** (; December 16, 1742 – September 12, 1819) was a Prussian general who went to war against Napoleon. A bust in the German Walhalla temple near Regensburg was sculpted in his honour.

For his military service, a statue was built in his name in Breslau (now Warsaw).

## Other websites

- von Blucher at thefreedictionary.com

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher
- **birth place**: Rostock, Duchy of Mecklenburg
- **death place**: Krieblowitz, Silesia Province (now Krobielowice in Poland)
- **image**: Blücher (nach Gebauer).jpg
- **caption**: Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher
- **allegiance**: Sweden, Prussia
- **serviceyears**: 1758–1815
- **rank**: Generalfeldmarschall
- **battles**: Seven Years' War, Napoleonic Wars
João Goulart

**João Belchior Marques Goulart** (March 1, 1918 – December 6, 1976) was the 24th President of Brazil. He was deposed by a coup d'état in April 1, 1964.

f

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: João Belchior Marques Goulart
- **image**: João “Jango” Goulart, Presidente do Brasil, foto oficial, 1961.jpg
- **order**: 43rd President of Brazil
- **term start**: January 31, 1961
- **term end**: April 1, 1964
- **predecessor**: Jânio Quadros
- **successor**: Ranieri Mazzilli
- **birth date**: March 1, 1918
- **birth place**: São Borja, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- **death date**: December 6, 1976
- **death place**: Mercedes, Corrientes, Argentina
- **party**: PTB
- **spouse**: Maria Teresa Goulart
CEU Cardinal Herrera University

**CEU Cardenal Herrera University** (in Spanish language _Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera_) is a prestigious private university in Valencia, Spain. The university gained its current name in 1999. The Foundation inaugurated its work in Valencia in 1971 and in Elche in 1994. Since then, their academic offers have increased.

The university has three schools: Social Sciences, Health and Experimental Sciences, and Technical. It has three campuses in Moncada and Elche (Alicante). UCH-CEU currently has over 10,000 students from all over Spain, especially the regions of Valencia, Murcia, Majorca, Ibiza. Every year, it also welcomes more international students with programs like European Erasmus Programme.

## References

- Cardenal Herrera-CEU University (Spain)
- http://www.uchceu.es/
- http://www.infinitecourses.com/SADetails.aspx?University=Universidad-CEU-Cardenal-Herrera&UniversityID=11953
- http://www.universidad.es/universities/spains_universities/universidad_cardenal_herrera_ceu_en
- http://internacional.universia.net/espanya/uch.ceu/inf_general_ing.htm

## Other websites

- Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: CEU Cardenal Herrera University
- **image**: Logo-uchceu.jpg
- **caption**: Seal (emblem), Seal of CEU Cardenal Herrera University
- **established**: 1970
- **type**: Private university, Private
- **chancellor**: Rosa Visiedo Claverol
- **academic staff**: 2,744
- **students**: 6,775
- **undergrad**: 4,711
- **postgrad**: 2,118
- **city**: Valencia
- **country**: Spain
- **campus**: Urban, Valencia campus,
 Castellón campus, Elche Campus
- **former names**: _Centro Universitario San Pablo_ affiliated to the University of Valencia, University of Alicante and to the Polytechnic University of Valencia (1969–1999)
 _Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera_ (1999–)
- **colors**: Blue, Green, Red
- **free label**: Newspaper
- **free**: _El Rotativo_
- **affiliations**: Centro de Estudios Universitarios, CEU Foundation
 EHEA
 Erasmus Programme
  Karolinska Institutet
Pakistan men's cricket team

The **Pakistan** men's cricket team (), nicknamed the **Green Shirts** or the **Shaheens (Eagles)**, has been active since 1948. The team is governed by the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB), which is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). Pakistan play in all forms of international cricket: Test, One Day International (ODI), and Twenty20 International (T20I).

Pakistan played their first Test match in October 1952. It was against India at Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi. India won by an innings and 70 runs.

Pakistan won the 1992 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup under the captaincy of Imran Khan, and were runners-up in the 1999 edition.

## Infobox (cricket team)

- **name**: Pakistan
- **image**: Flag of Pakistan.svg
- **caption**: National flag
- **association**: Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB)
- **nickname**: Green Shirts
- **test status year**: 1952
- **first test**: v.  at Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi (16/18 October 1952)
- **first odi**: v.  at Lancaster Park, Christchurch (11 February 1973)
- **first t20i**: v.  at County Cricket Ground, Bristol (28 August 2006)
Government of Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a parliamentary representative democratic republic.  The Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government.

The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972.  There have been fifteen amendments.

All citizens are able to vote after they turn 18.  There are 300 members of the legislature.  They are elected at least every 5 years.
Ricki Lake (1993 talk show)

***The Ricki Lake Show*** was an American talk show which had Ricki Lake as the host. It began on September 11, 1993 and ended on May 25, 2004. The show was similar to _The Oprah Winfrey Show_.

## Infobox (television)

- **creator**: Garth Ancier
Gail Steinberg
- **presenter**: Ricki Lake
- **country**: United States
- **network**: Syndicated
- **language**: English language, English
- **company**: The Garth Ancier Company
- **num seasons**: 11
Valentinian III

**Valentinian III** (; 2 July 419 – 16 March 455), was Roman emperor in the western Roman Empire from 425 to 455. After Attila the Hun was defeated, Valentinian feared that his general Aetius would overthrow him. So, Valentinian killed Aetius, whose guards then killed Valentinian.
Alibori Department

**Alibori** is the largest and northernmost département of Benin.  It has an area of 25,683 km².  In 2003 the population was 355,950.

The department is divided into 6 communes.  Each commune is centered at one of the main towns: Banikoara, Gogounou, Kandi, Karimama, Malanville, and Ségbana. The department borders the countries of Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria.

The département was made in 1999 when it was split off from Borgou. Since 2008, the capital has been Kandi.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Alibori
- **settlement type**: Departments of Benin, Department
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image map**: Benin Alibori.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Map highlighting the Alibori Department
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Kandi, Benin, Kandi
- **area total km2**: 25683
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 595196
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
Ridlington

**Ridlington** is a village in Rutland in the East Midlands of England.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **post town**: Oakham
- **shire county**: Rutland
- **lieutenancy england**: Rutland
- **unitary england**: Rutland
- **london distance**: Boxing the compass, SSE
- **constituency westminster**: Rutland and Melton (UK Parliament constituency), Rutland and Melton
- **dial code**: 01572
- **postcode area**: LE
- **postcode district**: LE15
- **official name**: Ridlington
- **os grid reference**: SK852027
- **population ref**: United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 Census
- **population**: 202.
- **area total sq mi**: 3.25
- **static image caption**: Church of St Mary Magdalene and St Andrew
- **static image name**: St Mary Magdalene and St Andrew, Ridlington, Rutland by-Tim-Heaton.jpg
- **region**: East Midlands
Atakora Department

**Atakora** is the northwestern department of Benin. It borders Togo to the west and Burkina Faso to the north. It is the most mountainous area of Benin.  It is where the president, Mathieu Kérékou, was born.

It is a much drier area of the country than the south.  There are 3 major seasons, a rainy season that runs from May or June to September or October, a Harmattan season of cool, dry winds that runs from October or November to February, and a hot, Famine season that runs from February to April.

Atakora is divided into the communes of Boukoumbé, Cobly, Kérou, Kouandé, Matéri, Natitingou, Pehonko, Tanguiéta, and Toucountouna.

In 1999 the southern part of Atakora was split off to form the new Donga Department.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Atakora
- **settlement type**: Departments of Benin, Department
- **image skyline**: Atakora Benin Batia.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **image map**: Benin Atakora.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Map highlighting the Atakora Department
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Natitingou
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 20459
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 601,537
- **population density km2**: 29.4
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
- **coordinates**: =inline,title
Atlantique Department

**Atlantique** is one of the twelve departments of Benin.

Atlantique is divided into the communes of Abomey-Calavi, Allada, Kpomassè, Ouidah, Sô-Ava, Toffo, Tori-Bossito, and Zè.

In 1999 the Littoral Department was split off from Atlantique.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Atlantique
- **settlement type**: Departments of Benin, Department
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image map**: Benin Atlantique.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Map highlighting the Atlantique Department
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Ouidah
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 3233
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 929 314
- **population density km2**: 287.4
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
- **coordinates**: =inline,title
Borgou Department

**Borgou** is one of the twelve departments of Benin. Borgou borders the country of Nigeria. The capital of Borgou is Parakou. The total area is 25,310 km.².

## Communities

Borgou is divided into the communes of Bembèrèkè, Kalalé, N’Dali, Nikki, Parakou, Pèrèrè, Sinendé, and Tchaourou.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Borgou
- **settlement type**: Departments of Benin, Department
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image map**: Benin Borgou.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Map highlighting the Borgou Department
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Parakou
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 25310
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 831 842
- **population density km2**: 32.87
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
- **coordinates**: =inline,title
Collines Department

**Collines** is one of the twelve departments of Benin. Collines was formed in 1999. Since 2008, the capital is Savalou.

## Communities

Collines is divided into the communes of Bantè, Dassa-Zoumè, Glazoué, Ouèssè, Savalou, and Savé.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Collines
- **settlement type**: Departments of Benin, Department
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image map**: Benin Collines.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Map highlighting the Collines Department
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Benin
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Savalou (TBA)
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 13561
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 625 933
- **population density km2**: 46.16
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
Donga Department

**Donga** is one of the twelve departments of Benin.

## History

Donga was formed in 1999 when Donga was split from Atakora. The capital of Donga is Djougou.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Donga
- **settlement type**: Departments of Benin, Department
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image map**: Benin Donga.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Map highlighting the Donga Department
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Djougou
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 10691
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 395,416
- **population density km2**: 27
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
- **coordinates**: =inline,title
Desmond Llewelyn

**Desmond Wilkinson Llewelyn** (12 September 1914 – 19 December 1999) was a Welsh movie, television, stage, radio and voice actor. He was best known for his role as Q in 17 of the _James Bond_ movies from 1963 through 1999.

Llewelyn was born on 12 September 1914 in Newport, Monmouthshire. He studied at Radley College. Llewelyn was married to Pamela Mary Pantlin from 1938 until his death in 1999. He died on 19 December 1999 in Firle, East Sussex, England due to being injured in a road accident. He was 85.
Kouffo Department

**Kouffo** is one of the twelve departments of Benin. Kouffo borders the country of Togo. Since 2008, the capital is Aplahoué. This department was formed in 1999 when it split from the department of Mono.

Kouffo is divided into the communes of Aplahoué, Djakotomey, Klouékanmè, Lalo, Toviklin and Dogbo.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kouffo
- **settlement type**: Departments of Benin, Department
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image map**: Benin Kouffo.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Map highlighting the Kouffo Department
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Aplahoué
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2404
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 572 924
- **population density km2**: 238.3
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
- **coordinates**: =inline,title
Littoral Department

**Littoral** is one of the twelve departments of Benin. It has just one commune/city, Cotonou.  It is the largest city in the country and the economic capital. Littoral is the smallest department of the twelve. Littoral was split from the Atlantique Department in 1999.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Littoral
- **settlement type**: Departments of Benin, Department
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image map**: Benin Littoral.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Map highlighting the Littoral Department
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Cotonou
- **area total km2**: 79
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 701137
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
- **coordinates**: =inline,title
Mono Department

**Mono** is one of the twelve departments of Benin. The capital of this department is Lokossa. Kouffo Department was part of Mono until 1999.

The Gen language is only spoken in this department in Benin. Other languages spoken in this area are Ewe and some of the Phla–Pherá languages

Mono is divided into the communes of Bopa, Comé, Grand-Popo, and Houéyogbé.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mono
- **settlement type**: Departments of Benin, Department
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image map**: Benin Mono.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Map highlighting the Mono Department
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Benin
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Lokossa
- **area total km2**: 1396
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 387,346
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
Ouémé Department

**Ouémé** is one of the twelve departments of Benin.

In 1999 the northern part of the department was split off to form the new Plateau Department.

The department is divided into 9 communes: Adjarra, Adjohoun, Aguégués, Akpro-Missérété, Avrankou, Bonou, Dangbo, Porto Novo, and Sèmè-Kpodji.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ouémé
- **settlement type**: Departments of Benin, Department
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image map**: Benin Oueme.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Map highlighting the Ouémé Department
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Benin
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Porto-Novo
- **area total km2**: 1865
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 788,508
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
Plateau Department

**Plateau** is one of the twelve departments of Benin.

Plateau is divided into the communes of Ifangni, Adja-Ouèrè, Kétou, Pobè and Sakété.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Plateau
- **settlement type**: Departments of Benin, Department
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image map**: Benin Plateau.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Map highlighting the Plateau Department
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Benin
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Pobè
- **area total km2**: 2835
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 445,497
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
Zou Department

**Zou** is one of the twelve departments of Benin.

Zou is divided into the communes of Abomey, Agbangnizoun, Bohicon, Cové, Djidja, Ouinhi, Za-Kpota, Zangnanado, and Zogbodomey.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Zou
- **settlement type**: Departments of Benin, Department
- **image skyline**: Abomey royal palace wall.jpg
- **image caption**: Abomey Royal Palaces of Abomey, royal palace wall
- **image map**: Benin - Zou.svg
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Map highlighting the Zou Department
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Abomey
- **area total km2**: 5243
- **population as of**: 2013 census
- **population total**: 851623
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
Thomas Boni Yayi

Dr. **Thomas Boni Yayi** (born 1 July 1951) is a Beninese politician and banker. He served as the President of Benin from 6 April 2006 to 6 April 2016. He was re-elected to a second term in March 2011. From 29 January 2012 to 27 January 2013, he was the Chairperson of the African Union.

On 15 March 2007, Boni Yayi survived an assassination attempt.  Several of the people travelling with the president were wounded in gunfire between the presidential guard and the would-be assassins.

On 23 October 2012, the BBC said that his doctor, niece, and former commerce minister had been arrested in a plot to poison the president. The niece changed his medicine to a "toxic substance" while he was on a state visit to Brussels.

In September 2021, Patrice Talon and Thomas Boni Yayi, political allies who have become intimate enemies, met at the Marina Palace in Cotonou. During this tête-à-tête, Thomas Boni Yayi presented Patrice Talon with a series of proposals and requests, relating in particular to the release of “political detainees”.'

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Thomas Boni Yayi
- **image**: Yayi Boni.jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Benin, President of Benin
- **primeminister**: Pascal Koupaki
Lionel Zinsou
- **term start**: 6 April 2006
- **term end**: 6 April 2016
- **predecessor**: Mathieu Kérékou
- **successor**: Patrice Talon
- **office1**: Chairperson of the African Union
- **term start1**: 29 January 2012
- **term end1**: 27 January 2013
- **predecessor1**: Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
- **successor1**: Hailemariam Desalegn
- **birth place**: Tchaourou, French Dahomey, Dahomey
<small>(now Benin)</small>
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
- **spouse**: Chantal Boni
- **alma mater**: National University of Benin
Cheikh Anta Diop University
University of Orléans
Paris Dauphine University
Pascal Koupaki

**Pascal Irénée Koupaki** (born 18 May 1951) is a Beninese politician. He was the Prime Minister of Benin from May 2011 to August 2013. He was Director of the Cabinet of the Prime Minister from 1996 to 1998.

He was a member of the Board of Directors for African Development Bank.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Pascal Koupaki
- **office**: List of heads of government of Benin, Prime Minister of Benin
- **president**: Yayi Boni
- **term start**: 28 May 2011
- **term end**: 11 August 2013
- **predecessor**: Adrien Houngbédji
- **successor**: Lionel Zinsou <small>(2015)</small>
- **birth place**: Cotonou, French Dahomey, Dahomey
<small>(now Benin)</small>
- **party**: Cauri Forces for an Emerging Benin
Silver-haired bat

The **silver-haired bat** (_Lasionycteris noctivagans_) is a species of bat.  It is the only member of the genus _Lasionycteris_.

The bat is found in Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, and the United States. They are the most common bat in forested areas in the United States. Silver-haired bats are also called Silverwings.

## Description

Silver-haired bats are nearly black.  They have silvery-tipped hairs on their back. It's a medium-sized, heavily furred bat. It weighs around 8-12 grams.  Its total length is around 100 mm on average, its tail being 40 mm.

## Distribution and Habitat

Silver-haired bat is found in Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, and the United States. It is found from southeastern Alaska in summer to northeastern Mexico in winter. It lives in dry habitats at low elevations during seasonal migrations. They often roost in tree cavities or in bark crevices on tree trunks, especially during migration.

## Feeding

Silver-haired bats mainly eat insects with soft bodies, such as moths, but will also eat spiders and harvestmen. It will forage low, over both still and running water, and also in forest openings. Silver-haired bats are slow but can turn quickly. They can use echolocation to find prey that is a short distance away.

## In Fiction

Shade is the name of the main character in the novel Silverwing by Kenneth Oppel.  He is a young silver-haired bat runt.
Bush rat

The **bush rat** (_Rattus fuscipes_) is a small Australian nocturnal animal.  It is an omnivore. It is one of the most common species of rats.

The bush rat is found most in the coastal regions of southwestern Australia.  It is mostly in the lowlands, but the bush rat can also be found in parts of the Australian Alps and on some offshore islands.

It is a pest species because it can destroy cane fields.  It is also host to more parasites than any other Australian rodent.
Old Christian Cemetery Abbottabad

The **Old Christian Cemetery, Abbottabad** (also known as the **OCC**, or the ***Gora Qabristan***, White-people's cemetery), is a cemetery in Abbottabad, Pakistan. It dates from British Indian colonial times.

The cemetery was established in 1853 when James Abbott founded Abbottabad. It was later attached to St Luke's Church, Abbottabad when it was completed in 1864.
Meshech

**Meshech** is a person mentioned in the Bible, described in Genesis 10 as the son of Japheth, son of Noah.

Meshech in the Bible can also mean the tribe that came from his children, or the country where they lived, for example in Psalm 120:5. Many Bible Atlases such as IVP and Zondervan  state it was in Asia Minor, while others say the Caucasus.

## Related pages

For Gog, 'the chief ruler of the nations of Meshech and Tubal' (Book of Ezekiel 39:1) see Armageddon

## References

- Prophezine.com
- Topical Bible.org
Of Monsters and Men

**Of Monsters and Men** is an indie pop-rock group from Iceland. They have had many hit songs, including their 2011 single "Little Talks".
Mukti Bahini

**Mukti Bahini** () was a Bengali military force in East Pakistan. It fought against the Pakistan Army in the Bangladesh Liberation War. The war was fought in 1971, and the group was formed during the war. This organisation was also known as the **Liberation Army of Bengal**. Together with India it fought against the forces of West Pakistan. After the war, East Pakistan became independent from West Pakistan, and is known as Bangladesh today.
Linear A

**Linear A** is an ancient script used on Crete. No one has been able to translate this script yet.  It was one of the writing systems used in Minoan Crete. Another script, about a century older, is called Cretan hieroglyphs. For some time, both methods of writing were used. Probably, each system was used for a special purpose.

Linear A was used from about the 17th century BC to the 15th century BC. Linear B is a script based on Linear A and has been translated. The archaeologist Arthur Evans found both Linear A and B.

Linear A has about fifty signs that are similar to those in Linear B. About 80% of the signs in Linear A are unique. Using the knowledge from Linear B to read Linear A produces text that cannot be read. The language used has been called _Eteocretan_. It does not seem to be related to any known language. Today, about 70 characters (probably representing syllables) are known. The meaning of about 100 ideographic characters is known. These are combined with the syllables. Also, there are a few numerals whose value is known.

Most texts seem to be lists. A few are probably short dedications, as they are found on libations. So far, no long texts have been found. Straight lines, such as those used for Linear A, are not very practical to use on clay tables. For this reasons, most writing was probably done on other things such as papyrus or parchment. The problem with those materials is that they do not last as long as clay. For that reason, most writing on papyrus and parchment has probably been lost.

|Writing system|Geographical area|Time span|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Cretan Hieroglyphic|Crete (eastward from the Knossos-Phaistos axis)|c. 2100–1700 BC.|
|Linear A|Crete (except extreme southwest), Aegean islands (Kea, Kythera, Melos, Thera), and Greek mainland (Laconia)|c. 1800–1450 BC|
|Linear B|Crete (Knossos), and mainland (Pylos, Mycenae, Thebes, Tiryns)|c. 1450–1200 BC|
Thetford Hoard

The **Thetford Hoard**, or **Thetford Treasure**, is a hoard of Romano-British metalwork found at Gallows Hill, near Thetford in Norfolk, in November 1979. It is now in the British Museum.

## Contents

Dating from the mid- to late 4th century AD, this hoard is a collection of:

- Thirty-three silver spoons
- Three silver strainers
- Twenty-two gold finger rings
- Four gold bracelets
- Four necklace pendants
- Five gold chain necklaces
- Two pairs of necklace clasps
- A gold amulet designed as a pendant
- An unmounted engraved gem
- Four beads (one made of emerald and three of glass)
- A gold belt buckle decorated with a dancing satyr
- A small cylindrical lidded box made from shale

## Discovery

The find was made under unfortunate circumstances. The site had been recently cleared for building work. The person who found the hoard was using a metal detector without the knowledge or permission of the owners of the site.

The discovery was made late on a November day, in failing light. The finder recovered the material in great haste, probably overlooking some small items, because he knew he had no legal right to search in that area. He did not, as the law requires, report his discovery to the authorities. Instead, he attempted to sell the objects he had found to private buyers.

By the time archaeologists learned of the find several months later, the place had been built over, which made proper archaeological investigation impossible. It was not even possible to question the finder about the circumstances: by the time the material arrived at the British Museum for study, he was terminally ill. He died about a month later, in July 1980.

There were persistent rumours that the treasure is incomplete and originally included coins. The standard catalogue gives a full account of the circumstances of the discovery.

## Infobox (artifact)

- **name**: Thetford Hoard
- **image**:
- **image caption**: 22 finger rings from the Thetford Hoard
- **material**: gold, silver, gems, shale
- **period**: Romano-British
- **size**: 33 silver spoons
3 silver strainers
22 gold finger rings
4 gold bracelets
4 necklace pendants
5 gold chain necklaces
2 pairs of necklace-clasps
1 gold amulet
1 unmounted engraved gem
1 emerald bead
3 glass beads
1 gold belt-buckle
1 shale cylindrical box
- **discovered**: Gallows Hill, near Thetford, Norfolk, November 1979
- **location**: British Museum
- **id**: P&E 1981 0201 1-83
Linear B

**Linear B** is an ancient script that was used to write Mycenaean Greek, the oldest known form of Ancient Greek, as has been proved by Michael Ventris in the early 1950s. Linear B came before the Greek alphabet by several centuries.

The script is based on Linear A, a script that cannot be read today. The oldest texts written in Linear B date from about 1450 BC. Linear B was found mainly in the palace archives at Knossos, Cydonia, Pylos, Thebes and Mycenae. The writing of Linear B language disappeared with the fall of the Mycenaean civilization.

There are about 87 signs in Linear B that represent syllables. In addition, there are many ideographic signs that represent objects or commodities. They do not represent sounds and are never used as word signs in writing a sentence.

Linear B seems to have been used only for administration. In the thousands of clay tablets, a relatively small number of different "hands" (or writers) have been detected: 45 in Pylos (on west coast of the Peloponnese, in southern Greece) and 66 in Knossos (Crete). The script may have been used only by a guild of professional scribes, who worked at the different palaces. When the palaces were destroyed, the script was forgotten.
Bijbehara

**Bijbehara** () is a town in Anantnag District, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bijbehara
- **native name**: Bijbiāra
- **settlement type**: city
- **pushpin map**: India Jammu and Kashmir
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Jammu and Kashmir
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name2**: Anantnag district, Anantnag
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **elevation m**: 1591
- **population total**: 19703
- **population as of**: 2001
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Urdu
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
Khalistan Movement

The **Khalistan Movement** is a Sikh secessionist movement for the creation of an independent Sikh state, **Khālistān** ("Land of the Khalsa") by seceding Punjab state from India. The geographical area of _Khalistan_ has not been well defined, with several proposed maps from different groups that mainly include Punjab, Chandigarh, and punjabi speaking parts of the neighboring states of India.

The Khalistan movement reached its peak in India in the 1980s and 1990s. After 1990s, the Khalistan insurgency petered out, and the movement failed to reach its objectives due to multiple reasons including a heavy police crackdown on separatists, factional infighting, and disillusionment from the Sikh population.

The 1980s and 1990s' are often called _dark days_ in Punjab due to widespread violence from both the Punjab Police and the pro-Khalistan militants, as the Police took a heavy-handed approach in dealing with the armed insurgency, while the militants were also involved in large-scale murders. In October 1983, following the murder of several Hindu bus passengers by the Sikh militants, an "Emergency rule" was imposed in Punjab, which continued for a decade.

In June 1984, Operation Blue Star, an Indian military operation was ordered by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, to remove pro-Khalistan militant religious leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his armed followers from the Golden Temple in Amritsar, Punjab. On 31 October 1984, Indira Gandhi was assassinated in New Delhi by her two Sikh security guards in retaliation for _Operation Blue Star_. The assassination triggered the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in New Delhi, in which large number of Sikhs were killed. In June 1985, _Air India Flight 182_, which was operating from Montréal, Canada was bombed in route to London over the Atlantic Ocean, as a result of explosives planted by pro-Khalistan Sikh militants; and all on-board passengers were killed.

Further, in August 1995, Chief Minister of Punjab, Beant Singh was killed in a suicide bombing, for which the pro-Khalistan group _Babbar Khalsa_ claimed responsibility. While the pro-Khalistan militants enjoyed some support among Punjab's Sikh community in the earlier period, this support gradually disappeared. With a weakening economy, dwindling support, and increasing operations from the Indian security forces, the militancy in Punjab effectively ended by the mid 1990s.
Cretan hieroglyphs

**Cretan hieroglyphs** is a writing system, used in Crete from about the 20th to the 15th century BC. It is undeciphered, so it cannot be read today. For most of its history, it was used together with Linear A. Most symbols are pictograms, for some symbols, experts do not agree on what they represent. Most of the corpus consists of short inscriptions on seal stones, and clay tablets.  The texts are usually very short, they are inscriptions on seals, and markers on clay tablets. There are three items that are noticeably different: A stone called Malia altar stone, the Phaistos Disc and the Arkalochori Axe. The exact relation of these items to the rest of the corpus is unknown.

In total, there are 137 symbols. 96 seem to be words, or part of words. 32 are probably Logograms. 9 seem to represent fractions. There are four numerals, standing for 1, 10, 100 and 1000. One symbol is  used to separate words, like a hyphen, another looks like a  cross, and probably stands for the beginning of the text. The writing is probably syllabic.

## References

- J. G. Younger: The Cretan Hieroglyphic Script: A Review Article; Minos 31–32 (1996–1997), pp 379–400.
Clay tablet

**Clay tablets** were a medium used for writing. They were common in the Fertile Crescent, from about the 5th millennium BC.

A **clay tablet** is a more or less flat surface made of clay. Using a stylus, symbols were pressed into the soft clay. It is possible to correct errors on the tablet. The tablet was then baked until dry and hard, either by leaving it out in the sun, or in a fire. Sun-baked tablets could be moistened and recycled. The ones that survived thousands of years were baked in fire.
They were used by the Sumerian civilisation in Mesopotamia.

Cuneiform was the first writing used on clay tablets. The system was used by several civilizations who spoke several different languages.
Hypostatic model of personality

The **hypostatic model of personality** is a way of viewing the many sides of a person's character. The model says that a person can behave and appear to others in many ways, depending on how that person is, but also on how someone looks at that person. It says that people are not one-sided, but are a little bit of everything. For example, today someone can be mean, and tomorrow he can be good. How someone appears also depends on things and people around him or her. For example, sometimes the most coward person may become the greatest hero, if he is called to save someone's life. All these "sides" of a person have to be known by scientists so they can change them for the better.
Boro people

The **Bodos** (pronounced bo-ros) are an ethnic and linguistic community, early settlers of Assam in the northeast part of the Republic of India.

## Bad

In the culture of the Bodo people, a **bad** (बाद) is a social crime or offense. There are five different types of bad:

- Agarbad: incest, hitting parents or grandparents, or killing a cow

- Phongslothbad: touching the  body  of  young  girl  or touching someone of a different caste

- Dhaokibad: eating meat left by a vulture or tiger

- Khaoalibad: using coins or utensils which were offered to dead bodies

- Khoulwbwd bad: talking badly about a person with no reason or proof

## Related pages

- Bodo nationalism
Liam Payne

**Liam James Payne** (29 August 1993 – 16 October 2024) was an English singer and songwriter. He became famous as a member of the band One Direction. In 2016, Payne signed a recording deal with Capitol Records as a solo artist, and with Republic Records in the United States.

After One Direction's hiatus, Payne signed a recording deal with Republic Records in North America. In May 2017, Payne released "Strip That Down" as the lead single from his debut album. It peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart and number ten on the US _Billboard_ Hot 100.

His debut album, _LP1_, was released in December 2019. He sold over 18 million singles in under three years after One Direction's hiatus.

## Death

Payne died on 16 October 2024 after falling from the third floor of a hotel in Buenos Aires, Argentina, at the age of 31.

He died after using pink cocaine.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Liam Payne
- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: Liam Payne for UNICEF 2023.png
- **caption**: Payne in 2023
- **birth name**: Liam James Payne
- **birth place**: Wolverhampton, England, UK
- **years active**: 2008–2024
- **associated acts**: One Direction
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
Born to Run (Bruce Springsteen song)

"**Born to Run**" is a rock music song by Bruce Springsteen. The song is on Springsteen's 1975 album, _Born to Run_. The song was recorded on August 1974.  It became one of the biggest hits of his career. Rolling Stone ranked the song 21st on their list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".

## Other websites

- Lyrics

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Born to Run
- **artist**: Bruce Springsteen
- **album**: Born to Run
- **released**: 1975
- **recorded**: 1974
- **genre**: Rock and roll, Rock
- **length**: 4:30
- **label**: CBS Records
- **producer**: Bruce Springsteen
Mike Appel
Hogtying

**Hogtie** is a way of tying all limbs together, to prevent an animal from escaping. It was originally used with pigs and cattle. In BDSM, hogtie refers to the practice of tying up the submissive, so that they cannot move. This is dangerous, because the tied person or animal will have trouble breathing and blood circulation problems, so precautions need to be taken while doing this.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

**Ludwig Mies van der Rohe** (born as **Maria Ludwig Michael Mies**; March 27, 1886, Aachen – August 19, 1969, Chicago) was a German-American architect. He is commonly referred to, and was addressed, as **Mies**, his surname. Along with Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto and Frank Lloyd Wright, he is widely regarded as one of the first masters of modern architecture at Bauhaus.

## Significant buildings

- Barcelona Pavilion
- Tugendhat House
- Crown Hall
- Farnsworth House
- 860–880 Lake Shore Drive
- Seagram Building
- New National Gallery
- Toronto-Dominion Centre
- Westmount Square

## Other websites

- Mies van der Rohe Society
- Mies van der Rohe Foundation
- Mies in Berlin-Mies in America
- Great Buildings Architects
- Elmhurst Art Museum, featuring McCormick House
- Richard King Mellon Hall, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
- Travel guide to Mies Buildings

## Infobox (architect)

- **name**: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
- **birth name**: Ludwig Mies
- **nationality**: Germany, German (1886–1944), United States, American (1944–1969)
- **birth place**: Aachen, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States, U.S.
- **spouse**: Adele Auguste (Ada) Bruhn (1913-1918) (separated)
- **children**: 4
- **awards**: Pour le Mérite, Order Pour le Mérite (1959)
Royal Gold Medal (1959)
AIA Gold Medal (1960)
Presidential Medal of Freedom (1963)
Stickney (crater)

**Stickney** is the largest crater on Phobos, the larger of the moons of Mars. It is  in diameter and makes a large part of the moon's surface. It is named after Chloe Angeline Stickney Hall, the wife of Phobos's discoverer, Asaph Hall.

## Other websites

- Flight around Phobos (animated movie)
- Stickney in High Resolution
Gao (surname)

**Gao** is a Chinese family name that can be literally translated as "high" or "tall". There are about 16 million living people with this surname. Some places, such as Taiwan, usually romanize this family name into **Kao**. In Hong Kong, it is romanized to **Ko**. In Macau, it is romanized to **Kou**.

## Romanization and pronunciation

|**Dialect or Format**|**Transliteration or Pronunciation**|
| --- | --- |
|Mandarin|Gāo (Hanyu pinyin); Kao1 (Wade-Giles)|
|Cantonese|Gou1 (Jyutping)|
|Minnan|Ko (Peh-oe-ji)|
|Vietnamese|Cao|
|Korean|Ko(McCune–Reischauer)|

## Infobox (surname)

- **name**: Gao
- **image**: 高-order.gif
- **caption**: Stroke order of the Gao surname
- **pronunciation**: Gāo <small>(Pinyin)</small>
Ko <small>(Pe̍h-ōe-jī)</small>
Gou1 <small>(Jyutping)</small>
- **language**: Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean
- **languageorigin**: Old Chinese
- **meaning**: high, tall
- **variant**: Gao, Kao <small>(Mandarin)</small>
Ko, Kou <small>(Cantonese, Hokkien)</small>
Ko <small>(Korean)</small>
Cao <small>(Vietnamese)</small>
- **derivative**: Ko (Korean name), Ko
Venule

A **venule** is a very small blood vessel.  It lets blood return from the capillary beds to the larger blood vessels called veins. Venules range from 8 to 100μm in diameter.  They are formed when capillaries come together.
World IPv6 Day

**World IPv6 day** was an event on January 12, 2011.  On World IPv6 day, many websites tested IPv6, the new version of the "Internet protocol".  There was another event on June 6, 2012 called "World IPv6 Launch Day".  On World IPv6 Launch Day, the Internet Society hoped that IPv6 would really be enabled and work on many websites.