juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Vredefort crater

**Vredefort crater** is the largest _verified_ impact crater on Earth. That means we know for certain it was caused by an asteroid or meteorite strike.  The crater is in the Free State Province of South Africa.

In 2005, the Vredefort Dome was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as a natural site of geologic interest.

## Formation and structure

The asteroid that hit Vredefort was one of the largest ever to strike Earth since the Hadean eon. The Vredefort hit was some two billion years ago. The bolide is thought to have been about 5–10 km (3–6 miles) in diameter.

The crater has a diameter of roughly , larger than the  Sudbury Basin and the  Chicxulub crater. This makes Vredefort the largest known impact structure on Earth. If the Wilkes Land crater in Antarctica is an impact crater then it is the largest known at  diameter.

The Vredefort crater's age is about two billion (10<sup>9</sup>) years old, which puts it in the Palaeoproterozoic era. It is the second-oldest known crater on Earth, a little less than 300 million years younger than the Suavjärvi crater in Russia. In comparison, it is about 10% older than the Sudbury Basin impact (at 1.849 billion years).

It was originally thought that the crater was formed by a volcanic explosion, but in the mid 1990s evidence showed that it was the site of a huge bolide impact. Telltale shatter cones were discovered in the bed of the nearby Vaal River.

The Vredefort crater site is one of the few multi-ringed impact craters on Earth, although they are more common elsewhere in the Solar System. Perhaps the best-known example is Valhalla crater on Jupiter's moon Callisto, although Earth's Moon has a number as well. Geological processes, such as erosion and plate tectonics, have removed most multi-ring craters on Earth.

The nearby Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) and Witwatersrand Basin were created during this same period, leading to speculation that the bolide was big and fast enough to cause local volcanism. The BIC is where most of the world's known reserves of platinum group metals (PGMs) are found, while the Witwatersrand basin holds most of the known reserves of gold.

The Vredefort dome in the center of the crater is home to three towns: Parys, Vredefort and Koppies.

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **child**: yes
- **official name**: Vredefort Dome
- **criteria**: (viii)
- **id**: 1162
- **year**: 2005


## Infobox (terrestrial impact site)

- **name**: Vredefort Crater
- **other name**: Vredefort Dome (centre)
- **photo**: Vredefort Dome STS51I-33-56AA.jpg
- **photo caption**: Vredefort Dome, seen from space by STS-51-I
- **map**: South Africa
- **map caption**: Location of Vredefort crater
- **confidence**: Confirmed
- **age**: 2,023 ± 4 mya
Paleoproterozoic
- **exposed**: Yes
- **drilled**: Yes
- **country**: South Africa
- **province**: Free State (province), Free State
Chinese Crested Dog

The **Chinese crested dog** is a hairless dog breed. The breed probably did not actually come from China. It is the most common hairless dog breed. However, some of them do have fur. Other hairless dog breeds are the American Hairless Terrier, Mexican Hairless Dog, Peruvian Hairless Dog, and Hairless Khala. Hairless Chinese cresteds often win the World's Ugliest Dog Contest, which takes place every year in Petaluma, California.

The Chinese crested is a friendly, intelligent animal.
Universitat d'Andorra

The **University of Andorra** () is a public school of higher education.  It was formed in 1997. It is the only university in Andorra. The university has a school of nursing, a school of management and computer science, and a center for online studies.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University of Andorra
- **image**: Uda.gif
- **established**: 1997
- **type**: Public University
- **staff**: 178
- **students**: 1309
- **city**: Sant Julià de Lòria
- **country**: Andorra
- **address**: Plaça de la Germandat, 7
AD600 - Sant Julià de Lòria
- **website**: [http://www.uda.ad/ www.uda.ad]
- **rector**: Daniel Bastida Obiols
- **affiliations**: International Association of Universities, European University Association (EUA), Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie, Universia, Xarxa Vives d'Universitats, Vives Network
- **footnotes**: data from 2008
Telephone numbers in Andorra

**Telephone numbers in Andorra** are six digits, with fixed line numbers beginning with the digits **8** and **7** and mobile telephone numbers with the digits **3**, **4** and **6**.

Until 17 December 1994, Andorra was part of the French numbering plan, with the prefix **0628**. Since 1994, Andorra has its own country code +376.

- **Country Code: +376**
- **International Call Prefix: 00**
- **Trunk Prefix: none**
Varicose veins

**Varicose veins** are a condition in which the veins in the leg area have become bigger. The condition not only looks bad, it also creates itching and painful problems.

Varicose veins are very common, affecting about 30% of people at some time in their lives. They become more common with age. Women develop varicose veins about twice as often as men. Varicose veins have been described throughout history and have been treated with surgery since at least A.D. 400.
Emblem of Angola

The **Emblem of Angola** is the national emblem. It shows the recent past of the new nation.  There are Marxist pictures.

In the center is a machete and hoe.  These show the revolution through which the nation gained independence, and the importance of agricultural workers.  Above both emblems is a red star.  The red star is often in many socialist images.  The rising sun is the normal symbol of a new beginning.  The half cog-wheel is for the industrial workers.  The half vine of coffee and cotton leaves is for the coffee and cotton industry.

At the bottom is an open book that is for education. A banner reads "Republic of Angola" at the bottom, in Portuguese.

## Infobox (coat of arms)

- **name**: Emblem of the Republic of Angola
- **image**: Emblem of Angola.svg
- **image width**: 200px
- **armiger**: Angola
- **year adopted**: November 2, 1990
- **shield**: A blue circle features a star, a crossed machete and a hoe, a rising sun and an open book
- **motto**: Republica de Angola (Republic of Angola in Portugese)
- **other elements**: An emblem are all enclosed within a circle formed by a half gear-wheel and a half vine of coffee and cotton leaves. And at the bottom, a banner with the name of the country in Portugese
Angola Avante

"**Angola Avante!**" (; "Forward Angola!") is the national anthem of Angola.  Manuel Rui Alves Monteiro wrote the words. Rui Alberto Vieira Dias Mingas wrote the music.

It was started in 1975 after independence from Portugal.

### Portuguese original

|Portuguese original|IPA transcription|
| --- | --- |
|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|

### Kikongo lyrics

|Kongo lyrics|IPA transcription|
| --- | --- |
|<poem> </poem>|<poem> </poem>|

## Infobox (anthem)

- **title**: Angola Avante!
- **english title**: Forward Angola!
- **prefix**: National
- **author**: Manuel Rui Alves Monteiro
- **composer**: Rui Mingas
- **adopted**: 1975
- **sound title**: Angola Avante (instrumental)
Chokwe language

**Chokwe** is the Bantu language spoken by the Chokwe people.  It is used in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola and Zambia. It is a national language of Angola.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Chokwe
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **states**: Angola
  Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Zambia
- **speakers**: 1,000,000+
- **fam2**: Atlantic–Congo languages, Atlantic–Congo
- **fam3**: Benue–Congo languages, Benue–Congo
- **fam4**: Bantoid languages, Bantoid
- **fam5**: Bantu languages, Bantu (Guthrie classification of Bantu languages#Zone K, Zone K)
- **fam6**: Chokwe–Luchazi languages, Chokwe–Luchazi (K.10)
- **nation**: Angola (national language)
- **agency**: Instituto de Línguas Nacionais
- **iso3**: cjk
Umbundu

**South Mbundu**, or ***Umbundu*** is a language used by the Southern Mbundu people.  They live in the central highlands of Angola. Umbundu is the most widespread Bantu language in Angola. About one third of Angola is the Ovimbundu people.

## References

- Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1982) 'Nasalization in Umbundu', _Journal of African Languages and Linguistics_, 4, 2, 109-132.
- Gladwyn M. Childs 'Umbundu Kinship and Character: Being a Description of Social Structure and Individual Development of the Ovimbundu', London: Oxford University Press, 1949.  .

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: South Mbundu
- **nativename**: Umbundu
- **speakers**: 4 million
- **date**: 1995
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic–Congo languages, Atlantic–Congo
- **fam3**: Benue–Congo languages, Benue–Congo
- **fam4**: Bantoid languages, Bantoid
- **fam5**: Bantu languages, Bantu (Guthrie classification of Bantu languages#Zone R, Zone R)
- **nation**: Angola
- **iso2**: umb
- **iso3**: umb
Kimbundu

**North Mbundu**, or ***Kimbundu***, is one of two Bantu languages called **Mbundu** (see Umbundu).  It is one of the most widely spoken Bantu languages in Angola.  It is mostly in the north-west of the country, notably in the Luanda Province, the Bengo Province, the Malanje Province and the Cuanza Norte Province. It is spoken by the Ambundu.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Kimbundu
- **altname**: North Mbundu
- **states**: Angola
- **region**: Luanda Province, Bengo Province , Malanje Province
- **ethnicity**: Ambundu
- **speakers**: 2.1 million
- **date**: 2014
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic–Congo languages, Atlantic–Congo
- **fam3**: Benue–Congo languages, Benue–Congo
- **fam4**: Southern Bantoid languages, Southern Bantoid
- **fam5**: Bantu languages, Bantu (Guthrie classification of Bantu languages#Zone H, Zone H)
- **fam6**: Kimbundu languages (H.20)
- **dia1**: Kimbundu proper (Ngola)
- **dia2**: Mbamba (Njinga)
- **iso2**: kmb
- **iso3**: kmb
- **glotto**: kimb1241
- **glottorefname**: Kimbundu
- **guthrie**: H.21
Ganguela

**Ganguela** (pronunciation: gang'ela) or **Nganguela** is the name of a small ethnic group living in Angola.

All of these people live on agriculture, on the upbreeding of small animals, and from gathering wild fruit, honey and other eatable items. Each group has their own language.
Kwanyama

**Kwanyama** or ***Oshikwanyama*** is a national language of Angola and Namibia. It is a dialect of the Ovambo language.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Kwanyama
- **nativename**: Oshikwanyama
- **states**: Namibia and Angola
- **region**: Ovamboland
- **speakers**: 250,000 in Namibia (2006);
420,000 in Angola
- **date**: 1993
- **ref**: e18
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic–Congo
- **fam3**: Volta-Congo
- **fam4**: Benue–Congo
- **fam5**: Bantoid
- **fam6**: Southern Bantoid
- **fam7**: Bantu languages, Bantu
- **fam8**: Kavango–Southwest
- **fam9**: Southwest Bantu
- **fam10**: Ovambo language, Ovambo
- **iso1**: kj
- **iso2**: kua
- **iso3**: kua
- **glotto**: kuan1247
- **glottorefname**: Kuanyama
- **lingua**: 99-AUR-la
- **guthrie**: R.21
Bengo Province

**Bengo** is a province of Angola. Its capital is Caxito. There are about 450,000 people.

The province is bordered by the provinces of Zaire to the North, Uige to the Northeast, Cuanza Norte to the East, and Cuanza Sul to the South. The Kissama National Park and the Kibinda Forest Reserve are here.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bengo
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Angola, Province
- **image map**: Bengo in Angola (2024).svg
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Bengo, province of Angola
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Angola
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Caxito
- **leader name**: Mara Baptista Quiosa
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name1**: António Martins
- **leader title1**: Vice-Governor for the Political, Economic and Social Sector
- **leader name2**: Domingos Guilherme
- **leader title2**: Vice-Governor for Technical Services and Infrastructures
- **area total km2**: 31371
- **population total**: 356641
- **population as of**: 2014 Census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Human Development Index, HDI (2018)
- **blank info sec1**: 0.565
 · List of provinces of Angola by Human Development Index, 6th
- **iso code**: AO-BGO
Benguela Province

**Benguela** is a province of Angola. Its capital is Benguela.  There are about 600,000 people.
Bié Province

**Bié** is a province of Angola. It is on the Bié Plateau in central part of country. The capital is Kuito. There are about 800,000 people.

The climate of Bié is fresh.  The large amount of rainfall makes possible the culture of corn, sugar cane, rice, coffee and peanuts. The ground is one of the most fertile of Angola.

The Cuanza River flows through the province.

## Civil War

Bié was greatly affected by the Civil War. Agriculture stopped in several areas.  Some of the rural population fled to the cities. The province capital Kuito was partly destroyed by bombing.
Cabinda Province

**Cabinda** (also spelled **Kabinda**, formerly **Portuguese Congo**) is a province of Angola. The capital city is also called Cabinda. The province is divided into four municipalities - Belize, Buco Zau, Cabinda and Landana.

Around 357,576 people live there.

Cabinda is separated from the rest of Angola by a narrow strip of land of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cabinda is bordered on the north by the Republic of the Congo, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean.

While the civil war in Angola ended in 2002, there is still fighting in Cabinda.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Cabinda
- **native name**: Cabinda
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Angola, Province
- **seal size**: 100px
- **image map**: Angola Provinces Cabinda 250px.png
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Cabinda (light green) within Angola
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Angola
- **established title**: Alvor Agreement
- **established date**: January 15, 1975
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Cabinda (city), Cabinda
- **area total km2**: 7,823
- **population total**: 357,576
- **population as of**: 2006
Riversleigh World Heritage Area

**Riversleigh** in north west Queensland, Australia, is one of the Australian Fossil Mammal Sites listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The other is the Naracoorte Caves National Park in South Australia. The Riversleigh site is part of the Boodjamulla National Park. The fossil site covers an area of about 100 km².

The fossils that have been found are the remains of ancient mammals, birds and reptiles of Oligocene and Miocene epochs. The site was listed as a World Heritage site in 1994. The fossils at Riversleigh are rare because they are found in soft freshwater limestone which has not been compressed. This means the animal remains retain their three dimensional shape.

## Fossils

Fossils at Riversleigh are found in limestone by lime-rich freshwater pools, and in caves. They are from when the ecosystem was evolving from rich rainforest to semi-arid grassland. Thirty-five fossil bat species have been found at the site, which is the richest in the world. A skull, complete with all its teeth, of a 15 million-year-old monotreme, _Obdurodon dicksoni_, shows how this Australia group of animals evolved. Fossil ancestors of the extinct thylacine, _Thylacinus cynocephalus_, have also been found at Riversleigh. In 1993, _Nimbadon_ skulls were found in newly discovered cave.  Scientists think this prehistoric marsupial first appeared about 15 million years ago and died out about 12 million years ago, perhaps from the effects of climate change. Other fossils have shown how the koala has changed in response to Australia's change from rainforest to drier eucalypt forests.

### Fossils found at Riversleigh

- Mammals
- _Ekaltadeta_, a carnivorous rat-kangaroo
- _Burramys_, the Mountain Pygmy Possum
- _Nimbacinus_, an ancestor of the Thylacine
- _Obdurodon_, a giant platypus
- _Yarala_, a tube-nosed bandicoot
- _Yalkaparidon_, a strange marsupial
- _Wakaleo_, a marsupial lion
- _Priscileo_, a marsupial lion
- _Nimiokoala_, an ancient koala
- _Nimbadon_, a sheep-like marsupial

- Birds
- _Pengana_, a flexible-footed bird of prey
- _Menura tyawanoides_, a prehistoric lyrebird
- The first fossil record of the Orthonychidae (logrunner) family

- Reptiles
- _Trilophosuchus_, a tree-dwelling crocodile
- _Baru_, the cleaver-headed crocodile
- _Yurlunggur_, and _Wonambi_, extinct snakes (Madtsoiidae)

## References

- Archer, M. et al. 1991. _Riversleigh: the Story of Australia's Inland Rainforests_, (Sydney: Reed Books).

## Other websites

- World heritage listing for Riversleigh
- UNESCO site with information on Riversleigh, Australia
- Australian site about Riversleigh
- Information about fossils from Riversleigh, Australian Museum
- The Riversleigh Society supports scientific research at Riversleigh

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **whs**: Riversleigh
- **image**: Riversleigh.jpg
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **location**: Gregory, Queensland, Gregory, Queensland, Australia
- **part of**: Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte)
- **criteria**: (viii), (ix)
- **id**: 698-001
- **year**: 1994
- **locmapin**: Queensland#Australia
Kwikset

**Kwikset** is an American lock and door hardware manufacturer. Kwikset makes low to medium security residential and light commercial door locks. The Kwikset KW1 keyway is used by many other lock manufacturers. Kwikset recently introduced the SmartKey lock, which allows instant rekeying without removing the lock from the door, and without removing or replacing the core. The SmartKey lock uses the same KW1 key used in other Kwikset locks. The SmartKey lock is more difficult to pick than the standard Kwikset lock, although it is easier to force open.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Kwikset
- **logo**: Kwikset logo.png
- **image**: Kwikset electronic and key lock.JPG
- **image caption**: A Kwikset electronic lock with optional operation using conventional key. This electronic deadbolt uses a Weiser keypad, and is a hybrid combining the best features of both Kwikset and Weiser brand locks.
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **foundation**: 1946
- **founder**: Adolf Schoepe
 Karl Rhinehart
- **parent**: Spectrum Brands
Hiroshima Peace Memorial

**Hiroshima Peace Memorial**, also called the **Atomic Bomb Dome** or , is in central Hiroshima, Japan. It is part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. UNESCO named the dome a World Heritage Site in 1996. The dome is the ruined Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall. It was kept as a memorial to the people who were killed in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The bombing killed 70,000 people instantly, and another 70,000 died later from the radiation.

## History

Czech architect Jan Letzel designed the building. It was completed in April 1915 and was named the Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition. It was opened to the public in August that year. In 1921 the name was changed to the Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall. Finally in 1933, the name changed to the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall.

## Atomic bombing

At 8:15 on August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb to be used in war exploded almost directly above the dome. Everyone inside the building was killed instantly,but the building was not totally destroyed. There was more downward force on the building, but less side-to-side force right under the center of the explosion.

## After the war

At first, the city planned to tear down the building, but did not because it was not as badly damaged. Some people wanted to remove the building, but others wanted to keep it. The city of Hiroshima was rebuilt around the ruined dome. In 1966 the city said that it planned to keep the building. As of July 2011, two construction projects kept the Dome from falling.

In December 1996, UNESCO added the A-Bomb Dome to the World Heritage List. Not everyone supported this decision. The United States did not join the decision. China said that the monument could take attention away from the countries that were victims of Japan during the war. Many more people died because of Japanese attacks in those countries. The United States said that having a memorial to a war site would not tell the whole history of the bombing.

## Related pages

- List of World Heritage Sites in Japan

## Other websites

- Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Dome
- Entry on UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) website
- Official page
- Trade Promotion Hall

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **whs**: Hiroshima Peace Memorial
(Genbaku Dome)
- **image**: Genbaku Dome04-r.JPG
- **caption**: Ruin of Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall
- **location**: Hiroshima, Japan
- **criteria**: Cultural: vi
- **id**: 775
- **year**: 1996
- **locmapin**: Japan Hiroshima Prefecture#Japan
- **map caption**: Location of the Peace Memorial
Elisha Cuthbert

**Elisha Ann Cuthbert Phaneuf** (born 30 November 1982) is a Canadian actress. She was born in Calgary, Alberta. She grew up in Greenfield Park, Quebec.

Cuthbert played Kim Bauer in _24_. She starred as the title character in _The Girl Next Door_. She played one of the main characters in the sitcom _Happy Endings_. She was on the 2013 TV series _24/7_.  Cuthbert played Lizzy on the 2015 TV sitcom _One Big Happy_.
The Italian Job

***The Italian Job*** is a 1969 British comedy-drama crime movie. It is about a gang of British criminals who rob an armoured van of its gold cargo in Turin, Italy. It stars Michael Caine, Noel Coward and Benny Hill. It was written by Troy Kennedy Martin and directed by Peter Collinson. A remake was made in 2003.
Cuando Cubango Province

**Cuando Cubango** is a province of Angola.  There are about 140,000 people. Menongue is the capital of the province.

The name of the province is from the Cuando and Cubango rivers.  They both flow through the province.

This area had the endangered Painted Hunting Dog.  The land was destroyed during the Cuban intervention years. The Painted Hunting Dog is no longer there.

In the 1980s and 1990s, Cuando Cubango was the main base camp of Angola's UNITA rebel movement.

## References

- , 9780415350150 354 pages
- C. Michael Hogan. 2009. _Painted Hunting Dog: Lycaon pictus_, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg
Cuanza Norte Province

**Cuanza Norte** or **Kwanza Norte** is a province of Angola. N'Dalantando is the capital. There are about 400,000 people. The Capanda Dam is in this province. Cuanza Norte is on the northern bank of the Cuanza River.
Cuanza Sul Province

**Cuanza Sul** is a province of Angola. There are 1 881 873 people (2014). Sumbe is the capital. Cuanza Sul is on the south bank of the Cuanza River.
Cunene Province

**Cunene** is a province of Angola. There are about 200,000 to 300,000 people.  Ondjiva is the capital. It is the only city in this province. Cunene is north of the Cunene River.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Cunene
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Angola, province
- **image skyline**: Angola Provinces Cuando Cunene 250px.png
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Capital
- **subdivision name1**: Ondjiva
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
- **area code**: 035
Salmacis

In Greek mythology, **Salmacis** was a naiad nymph of a spring at Caria in Asia Minor. She didn't follow the other nymphs of the goddess Diana and united bodies with Hermaphroditus becoming a single being, both male and female.

> _"There dwelt a Nymph, not up for hunting or archery:_
> _unfit for footraces. She the only Naiad not in Diana’s band._
> _Often her sisters would say: “Pick up a javelin, or_
> _bristling quiver, and interrupt your leisure for the chase!_
> _But she would not pick up a javelin or arrows,_
> _nor trade leisure for the chase._
> _Instead she would bathe her beautiful limbs and tend to her hair,_
> _with her waters as a mirror."_
> Ovid, Metamorphoses. Book IV, 306-312.

According to Ovid's myth, she fell in love with Hermaphroditus, the son of Hermes and Aphrodite. When he bathed in her spring, she embraced him and prayed to the gods to be united with him forever, the gods heard her prayer and merged their bodies together, transforming Hermaphroditus into an androgynous being. Hermaphroditus then cursed the spring of Salmacis, so that any man who drank or bathed in its water would also become androgynous.

## Other websites

- hermaphroditus and salmacis art
- The Wish of Salmacis
- The Pool of Salmacis
- Salmacis and hermaphroditus
Huambo Province

**Huambo** is a province of Angola. There are about 1.9 million people in the province.  The capital is also called Huambo.  Huambo is the richest agricultural province in Angola.
Huíla Province

**Huíla** is a province of Angola. There are about 700,000 people. Lubango is the capital. The Bicuari National Park is in Huíla Province.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Huíla
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Angola, province
- **image skyline**: Angola Provinces Huila 250px.png
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Capital
- **subdivision name1**: Lubango
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
- **area code**: 035
Luanda Province

**Luanda** is a province of Angola. There were 1,823,282 people in 2006. Luanda is the capital of the province and the country.
Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi

**Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi** is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Hiraizumi in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

The site covers 5 locations. Four of these places are  Buddhist temples. The sacred Mount Kinkeisan is also included in the group The properties and their buffer zones are covered by a range of Japanese government protections as historic sites and places of scenic beauty.

## History

Hiraizumi was an important political, military, commercial, and cultural centre from the late-11th century until the late 12th-century.  This time was marked by the building and endowment of Buddhist temples, art and gardens.

Pure Land Buddhism developed a concept of planning and garden design that was unique to Japan.

The four Pure Land gardens of Hiraizumi show the ideals of Pure Land Buddhism.  The gardens also show Japanese concepts about the relationship between gardens, water and the surrounding landscape.

The four gardens were developed by the Ōshū Fujiwara clan.  The poet Matsuo Bashō was inspired by this Fujiwara legacy.  In 1689, Bashō wrote: "Three generations of glory vanished in the space of a dream ...."

In 2011, UNESCO listed parts of Hiraizumi as a World Heritage Site.

## Locations

|Name|class="unsortable"|Image|Location|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Hiraizumi|cultural site|||
|||Hiraizumi|cultural site|||
|||Hiraizumi|cultural site|||
|||Hiraizumi|cultural site|||
|||Hiraizumi|natural site|||

## Related pages

- List of World Heritage Sites in Japan

## Other websites

- Hiraizumi City, Hiraizumi - World Heritage 
- Iwate Prefecture, http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/sekaiisan/index.html
- http://www.chusonji.or.jp/en/index.html
- http://www.motsuji.or.jp/english/index.php

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **whs**: Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land
- **location**: Hiraizumi, Iwate, Hiraizumi, Nishiiwai District, Iwate, Nishiiwai District, Iwate Prefecture, Japan
- **criteria**: (ii), (vi)
- **id**: 1277rev
- **year**: 2011
- **locmapin**: Japan
Lunda Norte Province

**Lunda Norte** is a province of Angola. There are about 850,000 people. Angola's first President, Agostino Neto, made Lucapa the capital after independence.  It was later moved to Dundo.  The province is rich in diamonds, but is underdeveloped and poor.
Lunda Sul Province

**Lunda Sul** is a province of Angola. There are about 125,000 people. Saurimo is the capital. This region has many diamonds.
Moxico Province

**Moxico** is the largest province of Angola. There are about 230,000 people. Luena is the capital of the province. The Cameia National Park is located in Moxico.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Moxico
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Angola, Province
- **image map**: Moxico in Angola.svg
- **map caption**: Moxico, province of Angola
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Angola
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Luena, Moxico Province, Luena
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Gonçalves Manuel Muandumba
- **leader title1**: Vice-Governor for the Political, Economic and Social Sector
- **leader name1**: Carlos Alberto Masseca
- **leader title2**: Vice-Governor for Technical Services and Infrastructures
- **leader name2**: Manuel Lituai
- **area total km2**: 223023
- **population total**: 758568
- **population as of**: 2014 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **area code**: 254
- **blank name sec1**: Human Development Index, HDI (2018)
- **blank info sec1**: 0.535
 · List of provinces of Angola by Human Development Index, 8th
- **iso code**: AO-MOX
Namibe Province

**Namibe** is a province of Angola.  It was called Moçâmedes when under Portuguese rule. There were 313,667people in 2006. The port and city of Namibe is the capital. Iona National Park is also located there.

Late Cretaceous fossils of sharks, turtles, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs and sauropods were found near the Bentiaba desert.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Namibe
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Angola, Province
- **image caption**: Olive trees in Namibe Province
- **image map**: Angola Provinces Namibe 250px.png
- **map caption**: Namibe, province of Angola
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Angola
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Moçâmedes, Angola, Moçâmedes
- **area total km2**: 57091
- **population total**: 495326
- **population as of**: 2014 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Human Development Index, HDI (2018)
- **blank info sec1**: 0.572
 · List of provinces of Angola by Human Development Index, 4th
- **iso code**: AO-NAM
Uíge Province

**Uíge** (pronounced: "Weej"),  is one of the eighteen provinces of Angola. It is in the northwestern part of the country. The capital city is Uíge. There are 500,000 people.  The Beu Forest Reserve is in the province.

The province was badly damaged during the long civil war.  Many buildings were destroyed.  Many people had to move.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Uige
Uije
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Angola, Province
- **image skyline**: Estrada Caxito-Uíge.jpg
- **image caption**: Caxito-Uíge Road
- **image map**: Angola Uige Province.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Map of Angola with the Uige province highlighted
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Angola
- **established title**: Alvor Agreement
- **established date**: January 15, 1975
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Uige
- **area land km2**: 22,663
- **population total**: 800,000
Zaire Province

**Zaire** is one of the 18 provinces of Angola.  It is in the north west of the country.  There are about 600,000 people.  M'Banza Kongo is the capital of the province.
Caxito

**Caxito ** is a town and commune in Angola.  It is the capital of Bengo Province.

The northern line of Angolan Railways passes through.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Caxito
- **settlement type**: Commune and town
- **image skyline**: Rua Caxito.JPG
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin mapsize**: 200
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Angola
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Angola, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Bengo Province
- **subdivision type2**: Municipality
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
Benguela

**Benguela** (São Felipe de Benguela, formerly spelled _Benguella_)  is a city in western Angola.  It is the capital of Benguela Province. Benguela is one of Angola's largest cities.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Benguela
- **settlement type**: Municipality and town
- **image skyline**: Igreja_Benguela,_Angola.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Igreja Benguela
image_flag             =
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Angola
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Angola
- **subdivision type1**: Admin. division
- **subdivision name1**: Benguela Province
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2100
- **population total**: 513,000
- **population density km2**: 224
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **elevation m**: 39
Kuito

**Kuito** (also spelled **Cuito**) is a city in central Angola. It is the capital of Bié Province.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kuito
- **other name**: Silva Porto
- **settlement type**: Municipality and town
- **image skyline**: Kuito class.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: School class in Kuito
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Angola
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Angola
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Angola, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Bié Province
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
- **elevation m**: 1695
Cabinda (city)

**Cabinda** is the capital of the Cabinda Province in Angola. It is called **Tchiowa** by the Cabindans. The city was first started by the Portuguese for slave trade. There are many offshore oil reserves nearby.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Cabinda
- **settlement type**: Municipality and town
- **image shield**: Cabinda.PNG
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Angola
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**:  Angola
- **subdivision type1**: Admin. division
- **subdivision name1**: Cabinda (province), Cabinda province
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2008
- **population total**: 357576
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
Menongue

**Menongue** is a town and municipality in Cuando Cubango Province in Angola.  It is also the capital of the province. It is the end of the southern railway from Namibe.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Menongue
- **settlement type**: Municipality and town
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Angola
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Angola
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Angola, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Cuando Cubango Province
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
N'dalatando

** N'dalatando ** (pre-1975: **Vila Salazar**) is a town and municipality of Cuanza Norte Province in Angola.  It is also the capital of the province. It has a station on the northern railway of Luanda Railway.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: N'dalatando
- **settlement type**: Municipality and town
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Angola
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Angola
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Angola, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Cuanza Norte Province
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
Bandō, Ibaraki

is a city in Ibaraki, Japan.

The city of Bandō is made up of the old city of Iwai and the town of Sashima, which joined on March 22, 2005.

## Sister cities

- Pine Bluff, Arkansas United States

## Notable people from Bandō

- Keita Goto, professional footballer
- Makoto Takimoto, judoka
- Wakanami Jun, sumo wrestler

## Other websites

- Official website of Bandō

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bandō
- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: Bando city office 2017-03.jpg
- **image caption**: Bandō city hall
- **image flag**: Flag of Bando Ibaraki.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Bandō, Ibaraki.svg
- **image map**: Bando in Ibaraki Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Bandō in Ibaraki Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Kantō region, Kantō
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Ibaraki Prefecture
- **area total km2**: 123.03
- **population total**: 54349
- **population as of**: September 2015
- **population density km2**: 442
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec1**: City Symbols
- **blank1 name sec1**: - Tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: Zelkova serrata
- **blank2 name sec1**: - Flower
- **blank2 info sec1**: Tea
- **blank3 name sec1**: - Bird
- **blank3 info sec1**: Japanese bush warbler
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 0297-35-2121
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: Iwai 4365, Bando City, Ibaraki Prefecture 306-0692
The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 movie)

***The Amazing Spider-Man*** is a 2012 movie by Marvel Entertainment and Columbia Pictures. It stars Andrew Garfield and Emma Stone. It is a reboot of the Spider-Man movie series. It was released in the United States in 2012. It is about Peter Parker in high school while his super powers are evolving. A sequel, _The Amazing Spider-Man 2_, was released in 2014.

## Plot

Abandoned by his parents and raised by an aunt and uncle, teenager Peter Parker (Andrew Garfield) is trying to figure out why his parents left. When Peter finds a mysterious briefcase that was his father's, he tries to figure out what it means. His search takes him to Oscorp and the lab of Dr. Curt Connors who created a genetically engineered spider which bites Peter Parker and gives him superpowers. After his uncle Ben Parker is murdered, Peter becomes a Superhero called Spider-Man. Peter falls in love with Gwen Stacy whose policeman father hates Spider-Man. Dr. Connors transforms himself into a Supervillain called The Lizard and Spider-Man stops the Lizard from turning everyone in New York City into a Lizard.
Sudbury Basin

The **Sudbury Basin**  is a major geologic structure in Ontario, Canada. It is the second-largest verified impact crater on Earth, as well as one of the oldest.

The basin is on the Canadian Shield in the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario. The Sudbury Basin is referred to locally as "The Valley". The urban core of the former city of Sudbury lies on the southern outskirts of the basin.

The Sudbury Basin is near a number of other geological structures. None of the structures are directly related to each other in the sense of coming from the same geophysical processes.

## Formation

The Sudbury basin was formed by a strike from a bolide about  in diameter. It occurred 1.849 billion years ago in the Palaeoproterozoic era.

Debris from the impact was scattered over an area of  and traveled over  away — rock fragments ejected by the impact have been found as far as Minnesota.

With such a large impact, debris was most likely scattered globally, but has since been worn away. Its present size is believed to be a smaller portion of a  round crater that the bolide originally created.

Subsequent geological processes have deformed the crater into the current smaller oval shape. Sudbury Basin would then be the second-largest crater on Earth, after the  Vredefort crater in South Africa, and larger than the  Chicxulub crater in Yucatán, Mexico.

## Structure

The full extent of the Sudbury Basin is  long,  wide and  deep, although the modern ground surface is much shallower.
Thames Trains

**Thames Trains** was a British train operator under franchise running a mixture of short and long distance trains around the Thames Valley. Its services were centered around Reading and ran in the area surrounded by Oxford, Gatwick Airport, Guildford, London, Basingstoke, Worcester, Hereford and Stratford-upon-Avon. It was started when British Rail was privatised and Network SouthEast was broken up. In 2004 it was replaced by First Great Western Link, which was merged with First Great Western and Wessex Trains after 2 years, forming a "Greater Western" franchise.

Thames Trains ran one of the Trains involved in the Ladbroke Grove Rail Crash in 1999, three years after it was started.
Freeport, Bahamas

**Freeport** is a city, district and free trade zone on the island of Grand Bahama. It is in North-west Bahamas. In 1955, Wallace Groves, a Virginian financier, was given 50,000 acres (or 202 km<sup>2</sup>) of pineyard with swamp and scrubland areas by the Bahamian government. They were asked to develop the area economically. Freeport has grown and is now the second most populous city in the Bahamas. The main airport in Freeport is the Grand Bahama International Airport. The Grand Bahama Port Authority (GBPA) runs the free trade zone, under the Hawksbill Creek Agreement signed in August 1955. There, the Bahamian Government agreed that businesses in the Freeport area will pay no taxes before 2054. The area of the land grants has been increased to 138,000 acres (or 526 km<sup>2</sup>).

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: City of Freeport
- **nickname**: The Industrial Capital
 The Second City
- **motto**: Love is everything
- **image skyline**: Finnjet.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **shield size**: 75px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bahamas
- **subdivision type1**: List of islands of the Bahamas, Island
- **subdivision name1**: Grand Bahama
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of the Bahamas, District
- **subdivision name2**: Freeport
- **government type**: District Council
- **governing body**: City of Freeport District Council
- **leader title1**: Chief Councillor
- **leader name1**: Antia Doherty
- **leader title2**: Deputy Chief Councillor
- **leader name2**: April Crother-Gow
- **established title**: Hawksbill Creek Agreement, Established
- **established date**: 1955
- **area total km2**: 558
- **area total sq mi**: 215
- **population as of**: 2000
- **population total**: 26,910
- **population density km2**: 48
- **population density sq mi**: 125
- **population metro**: 55,500
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone (North America), Eastern Time Zone
- **utc offset**: -5
- **elevation m**: 10
- **area code**: Area code 242, 242
- **blank name**: IATA airport code
- **blank info**: **FPO**
- **blank1 name**: ICAO airport code
- **blank1 info**: **MYGF**
- **website**: http://gbpa.com/home/
- **footnotes**: <div class="center"></div>
Grand Bahama International Airport

**Grand Bahama International Airport** (GBIA)  is a privately owned international airport. It is in Freeport, Bahamas. The airport is a joint venture between Hutchison Port Holdings (HPH) and The Port Group (or the Grand Bahama Port Authority). It also has  of land. This adjoins it to the Freeport Harbour Company Limited. So, they work as one body, known as the Sea Air Business Centre (SABC).

Grand Bahama International Airport is one of two Bahamian airports that has US border preclearance facilities.

The airport has a  runway. It can handle the largest aircraft in service. It is quite close to all major cities of the Eastern Seaboard of the United States.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Grand Bahama International Airport
- **iata**: FPO
- **icao**: MYGF
- **type**: Public
- **owner**: Hutchison Port Holdings and the Grand Bahama Port Authority
- **operator**: Grand Bahama Airport Company
- **location**: Freeport, Bahamas
- **hub**: Passenger
*Bahamasair
*Flamingo Air
*SkyBahamas Airlines
*Western Air
- **elevation-f**: 8
- **pushpin map**: Bahamas
- **pushpin label**: MYGF
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the Bahamas
- **metric-rwy**: y
- **r1-number**: 06/24
- **r1-length-m**: 3,360
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **footnotes**: Source: DAFIF
Florida's Turnpike

**Florida's Turnpike** (TPK), designated as the **Ronald Reagan Turnpike** is a north–south toll road. It was originally called **Sunshine State Parkway**. The road runs  through 11 counties in the Florida peninsula. It starts from U.S. Route 1 in Florida City, running through Miami, Fort Lauderdale. At West Palm Beach, it runs parallel to Interstate 95, and then in Orlando, it crosses Interstate 4, to its northern end at Interstate 75 near Wildwood.

The Turnpike itself has two sections. The first is the Mainline, a  route from the Golden Glades Interchange (north of Miami) to Wildwood. This has the hidden designation of **State Road 91** (SR 91). It was opened in stages between 1957 and 1964. The second is the  long Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike (HEFT). This was completed in 1974. Its hidden designation is State Road 821 (SR 821). This runs from Florida City (near Homestead) through the suburbs to the west and north of Miami, connecting to the Mainline four miles (6 km) north of the Golden Glades Interchange. Florida's Turnpike is considered one of the busiest highways in the country (according to the IBBTA, the highway is the nation's 3rd most heavily traveled toll road).

## Infobox (road)

- **state**: FL
- **type**: FLTP
- **alternate name**: Ronald Reagan Turnpike
- **maint**: Florida's Turnpike Enterprise
- **length mi**: 264.666
- **length notes**: via the Homestead Extension of Florida's Turnpike, Homestead Ext.
- **established**: January 25, 1957
- **direction a**: South
- **terminus a**: Golden Glades Interchange
 in Miami Gardens, Florida, Miami Gardens
- **junction**: in Miramar, Florida, Miramar
 in Davie, Florida, Davie
 in Deerfield Beach, Florida, Deerfield Beach
 in West Palm Beach, Florida, West Palm Beach
 in Fort Pierce, Florida, Fort Pierce
 near Fort Drum, Florida, Fort Drum
 in Orlando, Florida, Orlando
 in Orlando, Florida, Orlando
 in Orlando, Florida, Orlando
 near Leesburg, Florida, Leesburg
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus b**: near Wildwood, Florida, Wildwood
- **counties**: Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade, Broward County, Florida, Broward, Palm Beach County, Florida, Palm Beach, Martin County, Florida, Martin, St. Lucie County, Florida, St. Lucie, Indian River County, Florida, Indian River, Okeechobee County, Florida, Okeechobee, Osceola County, Florida, Osceola, Orange County, Florida, Orange, Lake County, Florida, Lake, Sumter County, Florida, Sumter
- **previous type**: SR
- **previous route**: 90
- **browse route**:
- **next type**: US
- **next route**: 92