juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Fire and Ice (Warriors)

***Fire and Ice*** is the second book in the first series of _Warriors_: _Warriors: The Prophecies Begin_. It was written by Kate Cary under the pen name of Erin Hunter. The book was published by HarperCollins Publishers on 1 June 2003.

The book takes place in a fictional forest populated by feral cats, who live in groups called Clans. The four Clans are ThunderClan, ShadowClan, WindClan, and RiverClan. The cats that live in these Clans call themselves warriors.

## Plot summary

Fireheart and Graystripe, warriors of ThunderClan, must go on a journey to save WindClan, which was chased from its territory by ShadowClan. They succeed in doing this.

Fireheart then receives his first apprentice (a cat he must train how to hunt and fight so that it can become a warrior). His apprentice's name is Cinderpaw. On a hunting trip with Cinderpaw and Graystripe, Graystripe falls into a river and almost drowns, but a RiverClan cat named Silverstream saves him. Over time, Graystripe and Silverstream fall in love and meet secretly (which is against the rules the Clans live by), much to Fireheart's dismay.

Tigerclaw, a warrior of ThunderClan with evil plans, sets a trap by a road. He wants Bluestar, the leader of ThunderClan, to be hit by a car and die, so that he can become leader. However, Cinderpaw falls for this trap instead, and is hit by a car, which breaks her leg and gives her a permanent limp. She is prevented from becoming a warrior because of this.

Fireheart later reunites with his sister, Princess, who is a house cat that lives with humans. She gives him her son, Cloudkit, who is taken into ThunderClan.

Later, there is a battle against Brokenstar, the former leader of ShadowClan, who was exiled for committing crimes, and some of his followers. Brokenstar loses the battle, and he is blinded and taken prisoner by ThunderClan. It is revealed that Yellowfang, the medicine cat (healer) of ThunderClan, is his mother.

The book ends with a battle against RiverClan and ShadowClan, who have allied in hopes of driving WindClan out again. ThunderClan fights on the side of WindClan. Fireheart is attacked by a RiverClan warrior named Leopardfur, and Tigerclaw doesn't help Fireheart. Fireheart later is unable to fight Silverstream, knowing how much she means to Graystripe. ThunderClan and WindClan win the battle. However, Tigerclaw and Fireheart are now suspicious of each other. Each one suspects the other of being a traitor.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Fire and Ice
- **author**: Erin Hunter
- **cover artist**: Wayne McLoughlin
- **country**: United States/United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **series**: Warriors (novel series)
- **genre**: Fantasy novel
- **publisher**: Avon, HarperCollins
- **release date**: 1 June 2003
- **media type**: Print (hardback & paperback)
- **pages**: 317 (hardcover)
336 (paperback)
- **isbn**: 978-0-06-052559-0
- **oclc**: 55800667
- **preceded by**: Into the Wild (Warriors), Into the Wild
- **followed by**: Forest of Secrets (Warriors), Forest of Secrets
Dean (education)

In academic administration, a **dean** is a person with important authority over a specific academic unit, or over a specific area of concern, or both.

The term comes from the Latin _decanus_, a leader of "ten," taken from the medieval monasteries (particularly those following the Cluniac Reforms) which were often extremely large, with hundreds of monks (the size of a small college campus). The monks were organized into groups of ten for administrative purposes, along the lines of military platoons, headed by a senior monk, the decanus.

The term was later used to describe the head of a community of priests, as the chapter of a cathedral, or a section of a diocese (a "deanery").

When the universities grew out of the cathedral and monastery schools, the title of dean was used for officials with various administrative duties.
Australian Customs and Border Protection Service

The **Australian Customs and Border Protection Service** is the Australian Federal Government agency with the duty of protecting the Australian border, helping with the movement of legal international travellers and goods, and collecting border related duties and taxes.

The Service has nearly 6,000 people working for it in Australia and other countries and is based in Canberra, Australia.

Protecting Australia by stopping illegal and possibly harmful goods, such as drugs and weapons, is a main concern and many methods and equipment are used to help with this task. This includes using intelligence, and computers, detector dogs, Smartgate, x-rays, Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and other methods.

In doing its job, Customs works with other government agencies such as the Australian Federal Police, the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, the Department of Immigration and Citizenship, the Department of Defence and the Australian Fisheries Management Authority.

Australia’s borders extend into the 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

The Australian TV series Border Security: Australia's Front Line shows the work of the Australian Customs Service at airports, sea borders and inside Australia.

## Equipment

- Glock pistols, personal body armour, batons, capsicum (OC) spray, and handcuffs. http://www.belgium.embassy.gov.au/bsls/customsnews.html

## Other websites

- Australian Customs Service
- Border Protection Command

## Other websites

- Protecting our borders
- A Week in the Life of Customs
- Arming of front-line Customs officers
Landing zone

A **landing zone** is a "safe" area in which a helicopter or other type of vertical take-off device would land. They are mostly used during war. A landing zone has to be flat and should have a hard surface.
Canada Border Services Agency

The **Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA)** () is the Canadian government agency with a duty to act as border guards and customs services.

The agency was started on December 12, 2003 (the same day Paul Martin became Prime Minister of Canada), by an order-in-council joining Canada Customs with border and law enforcement agents from the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA).

## Related pages

- Australian Customs and Border Protection Service
- U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
- CANPASS

## Other websites

- Canada Border Services Agency Official site
- Border Crossing Information
- Border Crossing Information **(French)**
- Smart Border 30-Point Action Plan
- Canada Nexus Border crossing system  Educational Video - ID Cards RFID Chips
- Integrated Border Enforcement Teams
- IBETs 2006 Joint Cross-Border Operations
- CBSA Detector Dog Service
- Chapter 5—Keeping the Border Open and Secure—Canada Border Services Agency 
- Be Aware and Declare! What you can and cannot bring into Canada

## Infobox (law enforcement agency)

- **agencyname**: Canada Border Services Agency
_Agence des services frontaliers du Canada_
- **commonname**: Border Services
- **abbreviation**: CBSA/ASFC
- **patch**: Canadian Customs and Immigration sign.jpg
- 250px
- **patchcaption**: Customs and Immigration Sign
- **badge**: Badge of the Canada Border Services Agency.svg
- **badgecaption**: Badge
- **flag**: Flag of the Canada Border Services Agency.svg
- **flagcaption**: Flag
- **motto**: Protectio Servitium Integritas
- **mottotranslated**: Protection, Service, Integrity
- **formed**: December 12, 2003
- **preceding1**: Canada Customs and Revenue Agency
- **employees**: 12,000+
- **country**: Canada
- **federal**: footnote
- **governingbody**: Public Safety Canada
- **constitution2**: [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/c-1.4/ _Canada Border Services Agency Act_]
- **constitution1**: Order in Council P.C. 2003-2064
- **minister1name**: Peter Van Loan
- **minister1pfo**: Minister of Public Safety
- **chief1name**: Luc Portelance
- **chief1position**: President
- **officetype**: Region
- **website**: [http://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca CBSA Homepage]
Serial communication

**Serial communication** is a term used to describe systems used for telecommunications, as well as certain technologies used for computing. When using serial communication, only one bit is transferred at a time, for example over a communication channel or computer bus. This is different to parallel communication, where several bits are sent at the same time. Many computer networks, as well as many lines where data is transferred over a long distance use serial communication.

## Examples for serial communication

- Morse code signalling
- RS-232, a low-speed serial port used on some PCs; RS-423 and RS-485 are variations of this
- USB is a standard to connect peripherals to computers
- Ethernet, one of the most widely used standards for Computer Networks
- FireWire, another standard like USB
- Fibre Channel, high-speed, for connecting computers to storage, like harddisks
- Serial Attached SCSI
- Serial ATA
- Serial port
Abel Pardo

**Abel Pardo** (born in 1974 in León, province of León, Spain), also known as Auslli, is a Neo-Nazi politician and a Leonese language writer.

Laureated in Italian Language and Culture by ICON and Advanced Studies Diplomat in Romance Languages by the Open University of Catalonia, Abel Pardo wrote in **' (1996), **' (2006) and _El Dialecto Leonés_ (2006), when he collaborated with tales about modern and ancient themes, and was the prologuer in the 2003 edition of _Brañas d'antanu ya xente d'anguanu_.

As an Italian language and culture for foreigners bachelor, Abel Pardo is the author of the first works about contractive language between Leonese language and Italian, being the author of "_Linguistica Constrativa Italiano-Leonese_" (Contractive Linguistic Italian-Leonese) presented and approved in the University of Pavia Italy as a bachelor final project .

## Translator

Abel Pardo also developed a certain activity as a translator into Leonese language. He translated the leaflet _Campus Stellae_ (1999). He collaborated with "_La Nuesa Tierra_" newspaper with more than 200 articles in Leonese language, and with Logos Group (Italia) where he's official Leonese language translator. As city councilor of León, he promoted Leonese language bilingualism, starting Leonese language courses in the city of León for the first time and created with the University of León the title "Monitor de Llingua Llïonesa" for teaching Leonese language in official courses.

He also has written scientific works about Leonese language and New Technologues as "_Nuevas Teunoloxías y Llingua Llïonesa_" (New Technologies and Leonese language), the first pre-doctorate work presented and approved in Leonese language in one university, presented in the Open University of Catalonia or "El Llïonés y las TICs" in the scientific magazine _Mikroglottika_.

## Collective books

- _Cuentos de Lleón_ (1996)
- _Brañas d'antanu ya xente d'anguanu_ (prologue) (2003)
- _Cuentos del Sil_ (2006)
- _El Dialecto Leonés_ (2006)

## Translations

- _Campus Stellae_ (1999)

## Scientific works

- _Nuevas Teunoloxías y Llingua Llïonesa_ (2006)
- _Linguistica contrastiva Italiano-Leonese_ (2006)

## Scientific publications

- El Llïonés y las TIC's  (2007) in Mikroglottika
- Linguistica contrastiva italiano-leonese: Vocalismo (2007) in Mikroglottika
Perforation

**Perforation** means lines of punching holes made in any material. It is used in making paper objects like stamps or tickets, and along the edges of movies.

In philately, there are three types of the cutting of postage stamps for stamp separation, including:
1. _Perforation_, or cutting rows and columns of small holes.
1. _Rouletting_, or small horizontal and vertical cuts.
1. _Diecutting_, or cutting paper to shape using a metal die (used for self-adhesive stamps).

## Related pages

- Postage stamp
Imaginationland

"**Imaginationland**" is a three-episode movie made of Comedy Central's animated TV series, _South Park_. It was released in March 2008.
Repentigny, Quebec

**Repentigny** is a suburb of Montreal, which is in Quebec, Canada. It was created at about the same year as Quebec City. Before, people who lived there were farmers. Now, there are a lot of people who live there. Most of the people work in Montreal so they have to use Highway 40, which cuts the town in half.

The town is on the north side of the St. Lawrence River

Although it is a very pleasant and calm town, there is nothing much to do. All year long, a bunch of festivals are organised, but they are mostly for children. The most popular festival is the Festival Feu Et Glace which happens during the winter.

Since the early 2000s, the only thing that changed in the town is that they built a lot of new houses.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Repentigny
- **official name**: Ville de Repentigny
- **settlement type**: List of towns in Quebec, City
- **image skyline**: Rue Notre-Dame - Repentigny (vue aérienne).jpg
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Repentigny
- **image flag**: Flag of Repentigny.png
- **flag size**: 125px
- **image shield**: Blason ville ca Repentigny.svg
- **shield size**: 100x90px
- **blank emblem size**: 100x90px
- **image map**: Repentigny Quebec location diagram.png
- **map caption**: Location within L'Assomption RCM
- **pushpin map**: Canada Central Quebec
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Central Quebec
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision type2**: Region (Quebec), Region
- **subdivision name2**: Lanaudière
- **subdivision type3**: Regional county municipality, RCM
- **subdivision name3**: L'Assomption Regional County Municipality, L'Assomption
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1670
- **established title1**: Constituted
- **established date1**: June 1, 2002
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Nicolas Dufour
- **leader title1**: List of Canadian federal electoral districts, MP
- **leader name1**: Monique Pauzé (Bloc Québécois, BQ)
- **leader title2**: List of Quebec provincial electoral districts, MNAs
- **leader name2**: Pascale Déry (Coalition Avenir Québec, CAQ)
François Legault (Coalition Avenir Québec, CAQ)
- **area total km2**: 71.25
- **area land km2**: 61.52
- **population total**: 86,100
- **population as of**: Canada 2021 Census, 2021
- **population density km2**: 1399.6
- **population blank1 title**: Pop <small>2016–2021</small>
- **population blank1**: 2.2%
- **population blank2 title**: Dwellings
- **population blank2**: 34,710
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: Canadian postal code, Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: List of J postal codes of Canada, J5Y, J5Z, J6A
- **area code**: Area codes 450 and 579, 450 and 579
Mount Pleasant, Green County, Wisconsin

**Mount Pleasant** is a town of Green County in the state of Wisconsin, United States.  About 619 people were living in Mount Pleasant as of 2020.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: WIMap-doton-Mount_Pleasant.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of the United States, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wisconsin
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wisconsin, County
- **subdivision name2**: Green County, Wisconsin, Green
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 88.8
- **area land km2**: 88.8
- **area water km2**: 0.0
- **area total sq mi**: 34.3
- **area land sq mi**: 34.3
- **area water sq mi**: 0.0
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2020, 2020
- **population total**: 619
- **population density km2**: 7.0
- **population density sq mi**: 18.1
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 248
- **elevation ft**: 814
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 55-54850
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1583766
Juncaceae

The **Juncaceae**, the **rush family**, is a family of rather small plants that often look like a type of grass. They often grow on wet, infertile soils. There are about 400 species organised into eight genera. _Juncus_ is the most well-known and largest genus in the Juncaceae family.

They are one of the monocot flowering plant families, which means that their seeds only have one leaf to start off new growth.

Rushes are found all around the world. They are commonly found in wet marshy areas, as the plant prefers moist soil. However, seedlings can survive dormant once well established even in the driest of places. Seeds spread by water or birds and other animals. They can live for up to 50 years lying dormant in droughts.

Rushes are a basic food of many animal diets. They are also used as bedding and nesting material for many different types of birds and mammals. Rushes have been used throughout history by humans for various purposes such as weaving matts, thatching, _tatami_, medicine and animal feed. Today they are still used in some places for making sleeping mats but are mostly used as a decorative plant around ponds.
The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children

**The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children** are two sections that are in some Bibles inside chapter three of the Book of Daniel. These sections are sometimes called Additions to Daniel.

In chapter three of the Book of Daniel, King Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon builds a statue from gold, and he tells everyone to worship it. Some Jews living in Babylon named Azariah, Hananiah, and Mishael refuse to worship the statue. The king gets mad so he has them put into a big furnace to kill them. An angel protects them from the fire, and the king decides to let them go.

That story is in all Hebrew and Christian Bibles. Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Bibles have a longer version of the story.

In the longer version of the story, Azariah's prayer is put after the three men are put into the furnace, starting at verse 24. In the prayer, Azariah says that he and the other people of Judah (part of ancient Israel) have sinned against God. He says that they are sorry and asks for God's protection.

The Song of the Three Holy Children is another part of the longer version of the Book of Daniel. It is sung by Azariah, Hananiah, and Daniel, who praise God and want everyone else to join them in prayer.

## Other websites

- in the NAB
- in the NIV, a translation lacking this section for comparison.
- Text and commentary in the NETBIBLE
Ericales

The **Ericales** are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons, including for example azalea (_Rhododendron_), blueberry (_Vaccinium myrtillus_), grass tree (_Dracophyllum_), lúcuma (_Pouteria lucuma_), kiwifruit (_Actinidia deliciosa_), and tea (_Camellia sinensis_). The order includes trees and bushes, lianas and herbaceous plants.

Many species have five petals, fused together. This was used to place the order in the subclass Sympetalae.

Mycorrhiza is often found in Ericales.
Whitehall, Wisconsin

**Whitehall** is a city of Trempealeau County in the state of Wisconsin, United States.  It can be found along the Trempealeau River.  About 1,645 people were living in Whitehall as of 2020.  The cities of Arcadia, Independence, and Blair can be found nearby Whitehall.  It is the county seat of Trempealeau County.

## Other websites

- Whitehall Chamber of Commerce

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Whitehall, Wisconsin
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Whitehall, Wisconsin.jpg
- **image size**: 270px
- **image map**: File:Trempealeau County Wisconsin Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Whitehall Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Whitehall in Trempealeau County, Wisconsin.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wisconsin, County
- **subdivision name2**: Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, Trempealeau
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 3.81
- **area land sq mi**: 3.81
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 9.85
- **area land km2**: 9.85
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 1645
- **population density sq mi**: 432.3
- **population density km2**: 166.9
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 817
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 54773
- **area code**: Area codes 715 and 534, 715 & 534
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 55-86725
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1576681
Arcadia, Wisconsin

**Arcadia** is a city of Trempealeau County in the state of Wisconsin, United States.  Arcadia is found along the Trempealeau River.

## People

About 3,700 people were living in Arcadia as of 2020.
Trempealeau River

The **Trempealeau River** is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the western part of Wisconsin, United States.  That means it flows into the Mississippi River.  It is about 55 miles long.

## Related pages

- List of rivers of Wisconsin
Godwin's law

**Godwin's Law** (also known as **Godwin's Rule of Nazi Analogies**) is a saying made by Mike Godwin in 1990. The law states: "As a discussion on the Internet grows longer, the likelihood of a person/s being compared to Hitler or another Nazi, increases." That means that as more people talk on the Internet for a longer time, it becomes more and more likely that someone will talk about Hitler or the Nazis.

## Related pages

- Association fallacy
- Troll (Internet)
De Wahl's rule

**De Wahl's rule** is a rule of word formation, developed by the linguist Edgar de Wahl and applied in a constructed language Occidental (known also as "Interlingue") created by him. It is useful to create certain grammatical forms from others (for example substantives from verbs).

## Rule

Infinitives of verbs in the language Occidental have usually the ending **-ar** or **-er**. The root is obtained in the following manner:
1. If, after removing **-r** or **-er** from the infinitive, the root finishes with a vowel, one should add **-t** or should change the ending **y** into **t**: _crea/r, crea/t-, crea/t/or; atiny/er, atin/t, atin/t/ion_
1. If the ending consonant of the root is **d** or **r**, one should change it into **s**: _decid/er, deci/s-, deci/s/ion_
1. in remaining cases, with six exceptions, the removing the ending gives the demanded root: _duct/er, duct-, duct/ion_.

These six exceptions are:
1. _ced/er, cess-_
1. _sed/er, sess-_
1. _mov/er, mot-_
1. _ten/er, tent-_
1. _vert/er, vers-_
1. _veni/r, vent-_
and the verbs formed from them with prefixes.

Because the rule composes from three parts, it is often known as "three de Wahl's rules".

One creates the substantives and adjectives by removing the endings and thus obtaining the root. After adding **-r** or **-er**, one obtains an infinitive in a majority of cases: _decora/t/ion, decora/t-, decora/r_.

## Application

This rule was applied in the language Occidental. After a possible modification one can apply this rule to create new forms of a word especially in Romance languages or in languages which borrowed vocabulary from Romance languages.

## References

- Henry Jacob, _Occidental (1922) by Edgar de Wahl_
- Henry Jacob, _The Preparatory Work for an International Technical Terminology_ reprint of _The British Steelmaker_, December 1945
Antivirus software

**Antivirus software** helps protect a computer system from computer malware. Viruses, worms or trojan horses can be used by criminals or hackers. They can steal information or damage system files. If no antivirus software is installed, hackers will be able to access the information in the computer.

## Types

There are many different types of antivirus software. Many antivirus programs can be downloaded for free. These free antiviruses usually have some features missing. The missing features are only available to people who buy the full version. Many free antiviruses have great virus scanning capabilities and can give people suitable internet security protections without the need to buying additional protections.

All recent Windows computers come with Windows Defender, which is an antivirus.

## Features

Antivirus software protects computers in many different ways. Most antiviruses offer more than just "virus" protection. They protect computers from all different kinds of malware, like spyware, rootkits, phishing, and ransomware. Antiviruses are often referred to as "anti-malware" programs. There are  several ways that antiviruses protect against malware. The most used way is through a regular scan of all the data and files on a computer's hard disk. In an antivirus scan, the software will look through every file on a computer It compares each computer file's genetic makeup with the genetic makeup of already-known viruses. If a file has the same genetic makeup as a known piece of malware, it will be flagged as a problem. This is known as signature-based detection. It is only effective when a malware file has been previously identified and shared with the community of malware researchers who maintain the malware database. Another typical kind of malware detection is through behavior analysis. This is when the antivirus software identifies an abnormal behavior in a computer file or program. It makes the antivirus to flag that issue and assess whether or not the abnormality has been caused by malware or by something else.

## Problems with antivirus software

Most tests and experts claim that while antivirus software is extremely useful in preventing some cyber attacks, it is unable to stop all attacks. That is because once a piece of malware has been identified, hackers know that this malware will be added to the list of already-known viruses, and it will no longer be able to pass through most signature-based detection systems. Also, antivirus software is not completely perfect, and there are more new and emerging threats that mostly sneak by a computer's defenses.

Installing more than one antivirus is not a good idea. The two different antivirus software may interfere with each other and causes damage.

Sometimes antivirus software sees viruses in files that do not actually have viruses. This is called a false positive.  The antivirus software will may remove files from the computer that do not have to be removed. This may cause other programs to not work correctly.
Tangerine Dream

**Tangerine Dream** is a German music band that was started in 1967. The band was very important for the development of what is known as electronic music today. Together with Ash Ra Tempel and Agitation Free they made Berlin School possible. Their early works are usually seen as a type of Krautrock. Many people classify their music as New Age.  The band does not see itself in this category though. Their music is sometimes seen as symphonic, or as a kind of ambient music, with a focus on electronically making the sounds used. They often let themselves be influenced by  rock music.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Tangerine Dream
- **img**: Tangerine-dream-ebw-2.jpg
- **img capt**: Tangerine Dream performing in 2007
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Berlin, West Berlin, Germany
- **genre**: Electronic music, New Age music, New Age, krautrock, Ambient music, ambient, Berlin School of electronic music, Berlin School
- **years active**: 1967–present
- **label**: Ohr, Virgin, Jive Electro, Private Music, Miramar, TDI, Eastgate, Sequel/Castle
- **current members**: Linda Spa
Thorsten Quaeschning
- **past members**: Edgar Froese
Volker Hombach
Lanse Hapshash
Kurt Herkenberg
Charlie Prince
Steve Jolliffe
Klaus Schulze
Conrad Schnitzler
Steve Schroyder
Peter Baumann
Christopher Franke
Michael Hoenig
Klaus Krüger
Johannes Schmoelling
Paul Haslinger
Ralf Wadephul
Jerome Froese
Fulton County

**Fulton County** can be any one of the following eight counties in the United States:

- Fulton County, Arkansas
- Fulton County, Georgia
- Fulton County, Illinois
- Fulton County, Indiana
- Fulton County, Kentucky
- Fulton County, New York
- Fulton County, Ohio
- Fulton County, Pennsylvania
Steeplechase

The **steeplechase** is a kind of horse racing that is done in the United Kingdom, United States, France, Ireland and Australia. The horses have to jump a number of hurdles (like a fence) that are put up across the track.
Maley & Taunton

**Maley & Taunton** were a tram and tramway engineering company. They were at Wednesfield in Staffordshire, England.

Maley & Taunton sent its products all over the world. Its trucks used in the Lisbon trams and in the UK on the Blackpool tramway. The company principals were Alfred Walter Maley and Edmund MacKenzie Taunton. They held patents for Tram and tramway machinery and equipment.

Their equipment was used on the Manx Electric Railway.
Aalst

**Aalst** can be any of the following:

- Aalst, Belgium, a city and municipality in Belgium
- Aalst, a village in the Netherlands, in the province of North Brabant
- Aalst, a village in the municipality of Zaltbommel, in the province of Gelderland
Alken

**Alken**, as a person, may refer to:

- Samuel Alken (1756-1815), English artist
- Henry Thomas Alken (1785-1851), English painter and engraver

**Alken**, as a place, may refer to:

- Alken, Belgium
- Alken, Germany
Beaumont

**Beaumont** can refer to:

## Places

- Beaumont, Belgium, in the province of Hainaut
- Beaumont, Ardèche, a commune in France
- Beaumont-en-Auge, Calvados, a commune in France

## Other

- William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
Bever

**Bever** may refer to:

- Bever, Belgium, a municipality in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant
- Bever, Switzerland, a municipality in the district of Maloja of the Canton of Grisons, Switzerland
- Bever, a tributary to the river Ems
- Bever, a tributary to the river Oste
- Bever, a tributary to the river Weser
- Bever, a tributary to the river Wupper
Beringen

**Beringen** may mean:

- Beringen, Belgium, a municipality in the Belgian province of Limburg
- Beringen, Switzerland, a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland
Beloeil

The name **Beloeil** or **Belœil** is the name of two municipalities. It has also been applied to various events and locations linked with these two municipalities.

## Municipalities

The name has been applied to two municipalities. Despite the similarity, it appears the two names have independent linguistic origins.

- Belœil, a municipality in Hainaut, Belgium famous for its castle, with a population of 13 347 inhabitants.
- Beloeil, a city in Quebec, Canada, near Montreal, with a population of 18 927 inhabitants.

## Related Locations and Events

- The **Château of Belœil**, a castle in the Belgian Belœil, seat of the House of Ligne.
- **Mont Beloeil**, an older name for Mont Saint-Hilaire, a mountain across the Richelieu River from the Canadian Beloeil.
- **The Seigneury of Beloeil**, a French colonial administrative division including what is now Beloeil, Quebec.
- The **Beloeil train disaster**, an alternate name for the St-Hilaire train disaster, which killed 99 on June 29, 1864 near Beloeil, Quebec.
Bree

**Bree** may refer to:

## People

- Bree Amer, Australian television personality
- Bree Olson, American pornographic actress
- Bree Sharp, American singer and songwriter
- Bree Turner, American actress
- Bree Walker, American television news anchor
- Bree de Wilder, English musician
- Brianna (given name), a female given name

## Places

- Bree, Belgium
- Bree, County Wexford, Republic of Ireland
- Maasbree, Netherlands, formerly called "Bree"
- Brée, a commune in the Mayenne department in France

## Fictional characters and places

- Bree (Middle-earth), a fictional village in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth
- Bree (Narnia), a fictional talking horse from the Narnia novel _The Horse and His Boy_ by C. S. Lewis
- Bree Timmins, a character on the Australian soap _Neighbours_
- Bree Van de Kamp, a character on the American television series _Desperate Housewives_
- Bree Avery, fictional main character from the web video series _lonelygirl15_
- Bree, A newborn vampire in the novel Eclipse, from the Twilight Series

## Related pages

- Brie, a soft cheese
- Brianna (disambiguation), for a list of people named Brianna
- Breeing, a vocal technique
Dr. Mario

is a puzzle video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy video game systems, released in 1990. It is like the game _Tetris_.

## 1 Player Gameplay

The gameplay of 1 player _Dr. Mario_ is to make sure vitamins of the same color are lined-up together to defeat viruses. There are three colors of vitamins (red, blue, yellow). The goal is to clear all the capsules without going to the top. The player can pick any default level from 0-20, with a set number of viruses to clear depending what level the player is on. The virus count goes as high as 84, and does not increase after you pass level 20. There are over 40 levels in the game.

The player can also set up the skill level and music (Fever, Chill).

## 2 Player VS Gameplay

The gameplay of 2-Player Vs. is to defeat your opponent by killing all the viruses first, or making your opponent lose.  By clearing viruses enough, halves of vitamins fall onto the opponents screen.  They must wait until all the vitamins fall down before they make their next move.

## Reviews

_Dr. Mario_ was rated the 134th best game made on a Nintendo System in Nintendo Power's Top 200 Games list. _Dr. Mario_ was also rated by ScrewAttack as the seventh best _Mario_ game of all time. Overall, Dr. Mario has scored a press average of 7.6 on GameStats.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Dr. Mario
- **image**: File:Dr Mario logo.png
- **developer**: Nintendo Research & Development 1, Nintendo R&D1
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **composer**: Hirokazu Tanaka, Hirokazu "Hip" Tanaka
- **released**: <sup>**Japan, JPN**</sup> July 27, 1990
<sup>**North America, NA**</sup> October, 1990
- **genre**: Puzzle game
- **modes**: Single player, multiplayer game, multiplayer
- **platforms**: Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy, Game Boy Advance
Convergent boundary

A **convergent plate boundary** is the boundary that occurs when two tectonic plates collide with each other.  This causes very large earth movements.  Plate collisions can produce earthquakes, volcanoes, the formation of mountains, and other geological events over time.  The Himalayas were formed by such a collision.  Earthquakes and volcanoes are common near convergent boundaries.  This is because of pressure, friction, and plate material melting in the mantle.

The diagram shows some differences between the two types of subduction.
1. Oceanic crust moves under. A deep ocean trench forms at the coast, and an arc of mountainous volcanoes forms inland. Seen along the west edge of the Americas.
1. Continental crust moves under. The edge of the continental plate folds into a huge mountain range. Behind it is a high plateau. The Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau are a perfect example of this.
Scottish Tramway and Transport Society

The **Scottish Tramway and Transport Society** was set up on the 27th June 1951. It was called the "Scottish Tramway Museum Society". It had that name until 1983 when it changed to the current one. It was made by people interested in trams and tramways. They wanted to preserve a Glasgow "Room and Kitchen" type single deck tramcar. There is now one at the Glasgow Museum of Transport.
Alexandre Guilmant

**Alexandre Guilmant** (born Boulogne-sur-Mer, 12 March 1837; died Meudon 29 March 1911) was a French organist and composer.

### Early life and career

Alexandre Guilmant was born in Boulogne-sur-Mer. His father was an organist and organ builder, and gave young Alexandre lessons. Otherwise Alexandre was largely self-taught. He did study with Belgian teacher Jacques-Nicolas Lemmens, but by that time he was already a very good organist. From the 1860s he travelled widely in Europe, playing organs and becoming famous. Later he also visited the United States. In 1871 he became organist of the Trinité church in Paris. He kept this job until 1901.

### His teaching

Guilmant became well known in France as a teacher. Together with two other musicians, Charles Bordes and Vincent d’Indy, he started the Schola Cantorum, a private college where students could study music. He taught the organ there. Earlier he had succeeded Charles-Marie Widor as organ teacher at the Paris Conservatoire. His Conservatoire pupils included Joseph Bonnet, Nadia Boulanger and Marcel Dupré.

### Influence as organist

Guilmant did not just play the organ for church services. He became very famous for giving organ recitals. Often he played on organs which had been constructed by the brilliant organ builder Aristide Cavaillé-Coll. He helped to make these organs popular in France, and they were a very important influence on the way that organists composed music for their instrument.

Both Guilmant and Widor produced large works for the organ which they called “symphonies”. These usually had at least four movements each, and gave the player opportunities to use many different sound effects.

### His compositions

Guilmant wrote eight organ symphonies, as well as a symphony for organ and orchestra, and several shorter works for the same combination. He composed a great many miniatures, not just for organ but also for harmonium. This was useful for musicians in smaller churches which had a harmonium instead of a big organ. He wrote a book on how to play the organ, and for many years he edited collections of organ music which had been written by earlier composers.

## References

The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980;
New International Version

The **New International Version** or (**NIV**) is an English translation of the Christian Bible. It is made by the Zondervan Company and became one of the most popular modern translations made in the 20th century.  It was last updated in 2011.
New American Bible

The **New American Bible** is a Roman Catholic translation of the Bible into English. It was translated from the Bible's original languages and first made in 1970.

## Other websites

- The New American Bible  online edition
TED (conference)

**TED** is short for "Technology, Entertainment, Design". It is a conference that began in 1984 and met every year at Long Beach, California until 2014. Since then, it has met in Vancouver. People give talks about many things, for example, science, art, and business. Famous people like Bill Clinton, Al Gore, Ray Kurzweil, Aubrey de Grey, Elon Musk, and Bill Gates have all talked at TED. The talks have been online for people to watch for free since 2006.

## Other websites

- Official website
- YouTube page
Plutoid

A **plutoid** or **ice dwarf** is a dwarf planet that orbits the sun farther than Neptune. This concept was defined by the International Astronomical Union General Assembly on Prague under votes, but without choosing the terminology according to resolution 6A of this general assembly entitled Definition of Pluto-class objects. Its definition is:

Therefore, any object that meets the definition of dwarf planet and also belongs to the Trans-Neptunian objects will be considered a plutoid. Eight objects are now classified as plutoids: Pluto, Orcus, Haumea, Makemake, Quaoar, Sedna, Gonggong, and Eris.

The satellites of the plutoids are not plutoids, even though they are massive enough to be gravitationally rounded.

Ceres is not a plutoid hence it's in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and is the only dwarf planet that is not a plutoid.

## Related pages

- Pluto
- Haumea
- Makemake
- Quaoar
- Orcus
- Sedna
- Gonggong
- Eris
- Varuna
- Ixion
- 2002 TC³⁰²
- Kuiper belt
- Dwarf planet
Radcliffe Line

The **Radcliffe Line** became the international border between India and Pakistan (which also included what is now Bangladesh) during the partition of India. The line divided Bengal into Indian held West Bengal and East Bengal which became East Pakistan in 1956. The line was decided by the Border Commissions headed by , who was to divide equitably  of territory with 88 million people.
The line took effect on 17 August 1947 after the Partition of India. When the partition was implemented, there were some problems:
- The Chittagong Hill Tracts had a mostly Buddhist population, but they were given to East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
- To counterbalance the relatively small share of Gurdaspur district awarded to Pakistan, Radcliffe attempted to instead transfer Ferozpur and Zira tehsils in Muslim-Majority Ferozpur District to Pakistan. This was opposed by the Maharaja of Bikaner because Harike headworks on the confluence of the Sutlej and the Beas rivers, from where a canal originated, was the only source of water for his desert state was in Ferozepore. It was only after he threatened Lord Louis Mountbatten, that he would accede his princely state to Pakistan if Firozpur was awarded to West Punjab province, that the award was changed at the last minute and all of Firozpur District was awarded to East Punjab in the Republic of India.
- The Gurdaspur District was moslty Muslim, but was given to India.
- Sometimes the line  divided villages, so one part of the village was in each country. At other instances, it went through houses, different rooms of the same house were in different countries.

## Related pages

- Punjab (India)
- Bengal (India)
Wind power in the United Kingdom

These are some of the **largest onshore wind farms in the UK**:

|align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|**Wind Farm**|align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|**County**|align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|**Country**|align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|**Turbine model**|align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|**Power (MW)**|align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|**No. of Turbines**|align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|**Total capacity (MW)**|align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|**Online**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Black Law A|South Lanarkshire|Scotland|Siemens SWT-2.3|2.3|44|97|2005-09|||||||||
|Braes of Doune|Stirling|Scotland|Vestas V80|2|36|72|2007-02|||||||||
|Farr Wind Farm|Highland|Scotland|Bonus B2300|2.3|40|92|2006-05|||||||||
|Hadyard Hill Wind Farm|South Ayrshire|Scotland|Bonus B2300|2.5|52|120|2006-03|||||||||
|Scout Moor Wind Farm|Lancashire|England|Nordex N80|2.5|26|65|2008-09|||||||||
|Whitelee Wind Farm|East Renfrewshire|Scotland|Siemens SWT-2.3|2.3|89|204|2008-11|||||||||
Dipsacales

The **Dipsacales** are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons. Under the APG II definition some well-known members of Dipsacales are honeysuckle, elder, viburnum, and valerian.
Emission nebula

An **emission nebula** is a cloud of plasma emitting light in many colors. The glowing is caused by a star being near the nebula. There are many types of emission nebula. H II regions are caused when stars are forming and are very hot, causing the plasma to heat up. Planetary nebulae are made when where a dying star has thrown off its outer layers. This causes the core of the star to heat up the plasma.

## General information

A nebula's color depends on what chemicals are in it, and how ionized it is. Because most of the universe is made of hydrogen, many emission nebulae appear red. Hydrogen glows red when it is hot. If the nebula is very hot, other types of gas will be heated and the it might also glow blue and green. By looking at which colors are glowing in a nebula, one can figure out what it is made of.

Emission nebulae sometimes look like they have dark areas in them. This is because clouds of dust block the light when it is traveling between the nebula and the Earth.

## Related pages

- Reflection nebula
- Planetary nebula
Reflection nebula

In astronomy, a **reflection nebula** is a cloud of dust which reflects the light of a star or many stars. The light from the nearby stars is not hot enough to ionize the gas of the nebula to make an emission nebula. However, is enough to make the dust visible because the light reflects off of the dust.

Reflection nebulae are usually blue because the scattering works better for blue light than red (this is the same reason that the sky is blue and sunsets are red).

Reflection nebulae and emission nebulae are usually seen together and sometimes are called 'diffuse nebulae'. A good example of this is the Orion nebula.

Reflection nebulae may also be the site of star formation.

## Related pages

- Variable nebula

## References

- James B. Kaler (1998). _Kosmische Wolken. Materie-Kreisläufe in der Milchstraße._ Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.
Variable nebula

A **variable nebula** is a reflection nebula that gets brighter and darker because of changes in its star.
Nucleosynthesis

**Nucleosynthesis** is the physical process where lighter elements are changed into heavier elements. This usually happens in the center of a star, both during its life and especially during its violent death. It is also thought that this happened at the beginning of the universe, in the big bang.

## Related pages

- Stellar nucleosynthesis
- Big Bang nucleosynthesis
Stellar wind

**Stellar wind** is gas being thrown off from the upper atmosphere of a star.  Different types of stars have different types of stellar winds.  The Sun's stellar wind is called solar wind.  Most stars, especially very bright ones, show continuous outflows of gas from their surfaces making the stellar wind.  Radiation pressure is thought to be the main force that pushes the gas away, but modern research uses computer simulations and observations with the most powerful telescopes to understand it further.
Dumbbell nebula

The **Dumbbell nebula** (sometimes called **Messier 27**, **M 27**, or **NGC 6853**) is a planetary nebula in the constellation Vulpecula. It is about 1,360 light years away from earth. The Dumbbell nebula was the first planetary nebula to be discovered; by Charles Messier in 1764.

## Other websites

- SEDS Messier page on M27
- M27 Dumbbell Nebula
- M27 image taken by Stargazer Observatory
Charles Messier

**Charles Messier** (June 26, 1730 – April 12, 1817) was a French astronomer who is remembered for publishing a list of famous objects in space that came to be called the 103 "Messier objects".

## Messier's life

Messier was born in Badonviller in the Lorraine region of France. Six of his brothers and sisters died as children and in 1741, his father died. Charles became interested in astronomy after he saw the great six-tailed comet in 1744 and by a solar eclipse on July 25, 1748.

In 1751 he started working for Joseph Nicolas Delisle, the astronomer of the French Navy, who told him to write down everything he saw.

Messier discovered thirteen comets :

- C/1760 B1 (Messier)
- C/1763 S1 (Messier)
- C/1764 A1 (Messier)
- C/1766 E1 (Messier)
- C/1769 P1 (Messier)
- D/1770 L1 (Lexell)
- C/1771 G1 (Messier)
- C/1773 T1 (Messier)
- C/1780 U2 (Messier)
- C/1788 W1 (Messier)
- C/1793 S2 (Messier)
- C/1798 G1 (Messier)
- C/1785 A1 (Messier-Mechain)

## Related pages

- Messier object
- List of Messier objects
- Messier marathon

## Other websites

- Amateur Photos of Charles Messier Objects
- Messier Marathon  Tries to find as many Messier objects as possible in one night.
- New General Catalog and Index Catalog revisions
- Clickable table of Messier objects