juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jim B. Tucker

**Jim B. Tucker** is medical director of the Child and Family Psychiatric Clinic, and associate professor at the Division of Perceptual Studies, at the University of Virginia. His main research interests are reincarnation research, and prenatal and birth memories. Tucker, a child psychiatrist, worked for several years on this research with Ian Stevenson before taking over upon Stevenson’s retirement in 2002. Tucker is the author of _Life Before Life: A Scientific Investigation of Children’s Memories of Previous Lives_. He has been interviewed about reincarnation in print and broadcast media in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada.

## Related pages

- Jane Roberts

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Jim B. Tucker
- **image**: Jim Tucker.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **caption**: Jim B. Tucker
- **occupation**: Bonner-Lowry Professor of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **period**: 20th Century
- **genre**: Parapsychology
 Child psychiatry
- **subject**: Reincarnation research
Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation

***Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation*** is a 1974 book written by psychiatrist Ian Stevenson on reincarnation research. The book focuses on twenty cases investigated by the author. It has been translated into seven foreign languages.

Reviews of _Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation_ have been published in the _American Journal of Psychiatry_, _British Journal of Psychiatry_, _British Journal of Medical Psychology_, _Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease_ and some other journals.
Angiography

**Angiography** or **arteriography** is the name for several imaging techniques to show the inside of blood vessels. These techniques include:
- X-ray
- Magnetic resonance imaging
Monk parakeet

The **Monk parakeet**, **Quaker parrot**, or **Seatowerian Budgerigar** (binomial name ***Myiopsitta monachus***) is a species of parrot of the true parrots family. It lives in Argentina and the countries around South America. The bird is also known for passing one of its tail feathers through its bill to reconnect the barbules. This locking process is similar to pressing Velcro strips together.

## Description

The parakeet is on average 29 cm long, with a 48 cm wingspan, and weighs 100 g. Females tend to be 10-20% smaller, but it is hard to tell the sexes apart, unless they test the feather or blood DNA. It has bright green upperparts. The forehead and breast are pale grey. The bill is orange, and when it calls, it makes a loud and throaty _chape(-yee)_ or _quak quaki quak-wi quarr_. Sometimes, it also screeches, _skveet_.

Domestic kinds of Monk parakeets may have different colors such as white, blue, and yellow instead of green.

### As pets

Monk parakeets are very intelligent and social birds. When they are kept as pets, they can memorize large vocabularies. They are also able to learn many words and phrases.

## Further reading

- Johnson, Steve A. & Sam Logue 2009: Florida's introduced birds: Monk Parakeet (_Myiopsitta monachus_).  University of Florida/IFAS
- (2004): _Parrots in the city: one bird's struggle for a place on the planet _. Quaker Parakeet Society, Framingham, Mass. <small></small>
- (2002): _Field guide to the Birds of North America_. National Geographic, Washington DC. <small></small>
- 2000: _The Sibley Guide to Birds_. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. <small></small>
Silicon oxide

**Silicon oxide** may be either of the following:

- Silicon dioxide, SiO<sub>2</sub>
- Silicon monoxide, SiO
Ron Busniuk

**Ronald Edward Busniuk** (born August 13, 1948 in Fort William, Ontario), is a Canadian hockey player. He played NCAA hockey at the University of Minnesota Duluth and was an All-American his senior year. After graduation, he played in the AHL with the Nova Scotia Voyageurs and the Cincinnati Swords.  He took First Team AHL All-Star honors.  Bosniuk played most of his career in the WHA with the Minnesota Fighting Saints, New England Whalers and Edmonton Oilers. He played only 6 NHL games, all with the Buffalo Sabres.

After retiring as a player, Busniuk became a coach.  He led the Thunder Bay Twins Senior Hockey Team to two consecutive championships in the 1980s.  He was later inducted into the Northern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame and the University of Minnesota Duluth Athletic Hall of Fame.

He is the older brother of Mike Busniuk of the Philadelphia Flyers.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 180
- **team**: Buffalo Sabres
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **birth place**: Fort William, Ontario, Fort William, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **career start**: 1970
- **career end**: 1978
Samantha Cameron

**Samantha Gwendoline Cameron, Baroness Cameron of Chipping Norton** (_née_ **Sheffield**; born 18 April 1971) is a British businesswoman. She is the wife of David Cameron, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016.

Until 13 May 2010, Cameron was the Creative Director of Smythson of Bond Street.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: The Lady Cameron of Chipping Norton
- **office**: Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- **image**: Armed Forces Full Honor Cordon and State Dinner for United Kingdom 120314-A-WP504-075 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Cameron in 2012
- **primeminister**: David Cameron
- **predecessor**: Sarah Jane Brown, Sarah Brown
- **termstart**: May 11, 2010
- **nationality**: England
- **citizenship**: United Kingdom
- **children**: 4
- **birth place**: London, England
- **birth name**: Samantha Gwendoline Sheffield
- **parents**: Sir Reginald Sheffield, 8th Baronet (father)
Annabel Jones (mother)
- **termend**: July, 13, 2016
- **successor**: Philip May
- **occupation**: * Businesswomen
- **honorific prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **relations**: Emily Sheffield (sister)
Larry Cahan

**Lawrence Louis Henry "Hank" Cahan** (December 25, 1933 – June 25, 1992) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played in several Canadian and U.S. teams, including Fort William Hurricanes, Toronto Maple Leafs, Pittsburgh Hornets, New York Rangers, Vancouver Canucks, Baltimore Clippers, Los Angeles Kings and Chicago Cougars.

Cahan was born in Fort William, Ontario. His career as a player began in 1949 and ended in 1974.

On January 13, 1968, Cahan, playing with the Oakland Seals against the Minnesota North Stars, was involved in the accident that caused the death of Bill Masterton.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 199
- **played for**: ***National Hockey League, NHL***
Toronto Maple Leafs
New York Rangers
Oakland Seals
Los Angeles Kings
***World Hockey Association, WHA***
Chicago Cougars
***American Hockey League, AHL***
Pittsburgh Hornets
Springfield Indians
Buffalo Bisons
Baltimore Clippers
***Western Hockey League (1952–1974), WHL***
Vancouver Canucks (WHL), Vancouver Canucks
Seattle Totems
- **birth place**: Fort William, Ontario, Fort William, Ontario, Canada
- **death place**: Fort William, Ontario, Canada
- **career start**: 1954
- **career end**: 1974
Şehrazat

**Şehrazat Kemalî Söylemezoğlu** (born September 3, 1952), known by her stage name **Şehrazat** or **Şehro**, is a well-known Turkish television personality, composer, songwriter, producer, and singer.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Şehrazat
- **caption**: Şehrazat, at the biennale
- **background**: non_performing_personnel
- **birth name**: Şehrazad Kemali Söylemezoğlu
- **alias**: Şehro, Scheherazade, Şehrazad, Şehrazat
- **birth place**: Ankara,
- **origin**: Istanbul, Ankara
- **genre**: Vocal jazz, Turkish music, traditional pop, third stream, synthpop, swing revival, soft rock, schlager, rhythm and blues, ragtime, psychedelic music, power pop, pop rock, jump blues, Italo disco, indie pop, glam rock, Euro pop, Euro disco, easy listening, disco house, deep house, dance-pop, cool jazz, chanson, Britpop, bebop, ballad, avant-garde jazz, Arabesque (classical music), Arabesque, Americana (music), Americana, a cappella
- **occupation**: Businesswoman, celebutante, composer, lyricist, performance artist, philanthropist, record producer, singer-songwriter, soloist, television personality, vocalist
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **years active**: 1967–present
- **label**: Odeon Records, EMI Music, Sony BMG Music Entertainment, Şehrazat Music, Disco Plak by Selahattin Beyazıt and Antuan Şoriz, İstanbul Gelişim Orchestra, Süheyl Denizci Orchestra, ...
- **associated acts**: Ajda Pekkan, Sezen Aksu, Aysel Gürel, ABBA, Garo Mafyan, Arif Mardin, Sertab Erener, Bengü, Mustafa Ceceli, Mustafa Sandal, Kenan Doğulu, Sibel Tüzün, Bülent Ersoy, Nil Burak, Nilüfer Yumlu, Nilüfer, :tr:Ferhat Göçer, Ferhat Göçer, Dalida, Meltem Cumbul, Nil Karaibrahimgil, Sandy Posey, Dusty Springfield, Hülya Avşar, Zerrin Özer, Nükhet Duru, :tr:Ümit Yaşar Oğuzcan, Ümit Yaşar Oğuzcan, Manos Loïzos, Engelbert Humperdinck (singer), Engelbert Humperdinck, Seda Sayan, :tr:Uğur Dikmen, Uğur Dikmen, :tr:Volga Tamöz, Volga Tamöz, Adil Omar, :tr:Yeliz, Yeliz, Gülben Ergen, Yıldız Kaplan, :tr:Ayşe Özyılmazel, Ayşe Özyılmazel, :tr:Reyhan Karaca, Reyhan Karaca, Paul Barry (songwriter), Paul Michael Barry, Muazzez Abacı, :tr:Uzay Heparı, Rony Uzay Heparı, Candan Erçetin, :tr:Niran Ünsal, Niran Ünsal, :tr:Tuğba Özerk, Tuğba Özerk, :tr:Altay (şarkıcı), Altay, :tr:Gökben, Gökben, Alpay (singer), Alpay, Seden Gürel, :tr:Ferda Anıl Yarkın, Ferda Anıl Yarkın, Kerim Tekin, :tr:Ozan Doğulu, Ozan Doğulu, Haris Alexiou, Anna Vissi, :tr:Aşkın Nur Yengi, Aşkın Nur Yengi, :tr:Emel Müftüoğlu, Emel Müftüoğlu, :tr:Demet Sağıroğlu, Demet Sağıroğlu, Asya (singer), Asya, :tr:Nâlân, Nâlân, Sibel Can, :tr:Yeşim Salkım, Yeşim Salkım, Mark Taylor (producer), Mark Taylor, :tr:Ferdi Özbeğen, Ferdi Özbeğen, :tr:Gökhan Özen, Gökhan Özen, Yonca Evcimik, Ayşegül Aldinç, Cömert Baykent, Jan Jan Kızlar, Ufuk Çakır, Ozan Orhon, Band AF, :tr:Meyra, Meyra, etc.
Water music

**Water music** can refer to different pieces of music:
- _Water Music_ (Handel), Suites HWV 348,349, and 350 by Georg Friedrich Händel
- An overture in C major, by Georg Philipp Telemann
Sodium azide

**Sodium azide**, also known as **sodium trinitride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is NaN<sub>3</sub>.

## Properties

It is a white crystalline solid. It is an explosive. It can be detonated by an electric spark. It contains sodium and azide ions. It reacts with acids to produce hydrazoic acid. It can be destroyed by reacting it with nitrous acid. This reaction produces nitric oxide, nitrogen, and sodium hydroxide. It is a powerful reducing agent, which makes it explosive. It contains nitrogen in its -<sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub> oxidation state.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting ammonia with sodium to make sodium amide. The sodium amide then reacts with nitrous oxide to make sodium azide. It can also be made by reacting sodium nitrate with sodium amide. Another process is reacting sodium nitrite with hydrazine.

## Uses

It is used in airbags. It makes the airbags puff out. A computer detects that the car is crashing and ignites the sodium azide. This makes sodium metal and a lot of nitrogen gas. The nitrogen gas inflates the airbag. It can be used to make other explosives, such as lead azide.

## Safety

Sodium azide is very toxic. It reacts with acids to make the explosive hydrazoic acid, which also is a very toxic gas. It is similar to cyanide poisoning. It attacks the respiratory system and the circulatory system.

## Related pages

- Lithium nitride, Li<sub>3</sub>N
- Sodium nitride, Na<sub>3</sub>N
- Nitrate
- Nitrite
Hydrazine

**Hydrazine**, also known as **diazine**, is a chemical compound. It is composed of nitrogen and hydrogen ions. Its chemical formula is N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>. It contains hydrogen in its +1 and nitrogen in its -2 oxidation state.

## Properties

It is a colorless liquid. It smells like ammonia, but it is more reactive than ammonia. It is a strong reducing agent. It is explosive. It can mix with water. It is a base similar to ammonia.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting sodium hypochlorite with liquid (not household) ammonia. If it is reacted with household ammonia, toxic fumes will be released. It can be made by reacting urea with sodium hypochlorite.

## Uses

It is used to make foam. It is also used in rocket fuels. It can be used in fuel cells. It is used to make sodium azide by reacting sodium amide with sodium nitrite.

## Related pages

- Ammonium
- Azide
- Nitrate
Azide

**Azide**, also known as **trinitride**, is an ion. It is formed when hydrazoic acid is deprotonated. It is a powerful reducing agent. Its chemical formula is N<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. The most common azide is sodium azide. Many azides are explosive and very toxic.

## Related pages

- Hydrazine
- Nitrite
- Nitrate
Hydrazoic acid

**Hydrazoic acid** is a chemical compound. (It is similar to **hydrogen azide**, which is the gas form. Hydrazoic acid is hydrogen azide dissolved in water.) Its chemical formula is HN<sub>3</sub>. It contains hydrogen and azide ions.

## Properties

Hydrazoic acid is very explosive. It is a powerful reducing agent. It is used to make other azides. It has an unpleasant smell.

## Preparation

It can be made by reacting sodium azide with an acid. It can be made pure by distillation.

## Uses

It does not have many uses, because it is very explosive and toxic.

## Safety

Hydrazoic acid is extremely toxic, even more toxic than sodium azide. It can make very bad headaches. It has a bad odor. It does not accumulate in the body.  Once again, It is dangerous to drink!

## Related pages

- Hydrazine
- Ammonia
Sodium nitrite

**Sodium nitrite** is a chemical compound. It contains sodium and nitrite ions. Its chemical formula is NaNO<sub>2</sub>.

## Properties

It is a white or yellowish crystalline compound. It is a strong oxidizing agent, being reduced to nitrogen. It is also a weak reducing agent, being oxidized to nitrate. It contains nitrogen in its +3 oxidation state. It is toxic in large amounts.

## Occurrence

It is found in some vegetables. It is also found in some meat in small amounts. Otherwise, it is manmade.

## Uses

It is used in meat like ham to preserve it. The nitrites are disinfecting, which helps preserve the meat. Almost all processed meat (like cold cuts, hot dogs) contains nitrites. Some people get headaches when they eat nitrites. These headaches have been named "hot dog headaches". It is used to make other chemicals and to get rid of sodium azide. It also can be used when someone is poisoned by cyanide.

## Safety

Nitrites can form toxic chemicals when heated. These toxic chemicals are carcinogens, which means they can cause cancer. That is why some people do not want nitrites in foods. Others say that because nitrites kill bacteria, they should be included in foods. Sodium nitrite used in food is colored bright pink so it is not mistaken for salt or sugar.

## Related pages

- Sodium nitrate
- Nitrate
Nitrite

**Nitrite** is an ion. Its chemical formula is NO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>. It contains nitrogen in its +3 oxidation state. Nitrites are normally strong oxidizing agents. Most of them are colorless crystalline compounds. Sodium nitrite is a common nitrite. They are also weak reducing agents, being oxidized to nitrates (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>).

## Related pages

- Nitrate
- Nitride
- Azide
Lithium nitride

**Lithium nitride** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Li<sub>3</sub>N. It contains lithium and nitride ions.

## Properties

Lithium nitride is a red or purple solid. It reacts with water to make lithium hydroxide and ammonia. It is the only alkali metal nitride that is stable. It is a very strong base. It reacts with hydrogen to make lithium hydride and lithium amide.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting lithium with nitrogen. This is unusual because almost no other elements react with nitrogen at room temperature like lithium. It can also be made by reacting nitrogen with lithium dissolved in sodium.

## Uses

It can be used to store hydrogen. It can also be used as a source of the nitride ion.

## Safety

Lithium nitride is toxic and corrosive. It releases ammonia when put in water.

## Related pages

- Nitrate
- Sodium nitrite
Nitrous acid

**Nitrous acid** is a chemical compound. It is a weak acid. Its chemical formula is HNO<sub>2</sub>. It is unstable. It is made by reacting a strong acid with sodium nitrite. It is a light blue solution. It breaks down to make nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and water when it is concentrated. Nitrogen dioxide can be reacted with water to make a mixture of nitrous acid and nitric acid. It is used to make chemicals.

## Related pages

- Ammonia
- Nitrous oxide
Arteriosclerosis

**Arteriosclerosis** is a diseased condition of the arteries. The artery walls are thickened, hardened and lose stretchiness, called elasticity.

There are three main types:
- **Atherosclerosis** is the most common type. It is the narrowing of arteries from a buildup of plaque, usually made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin, inside the arteries. This affects large and medium-sized arteries; however, its positioning varies person to person.
- **Mönckeberg Arteriosclerosis**. This is when the middle layer of the artery stiffens. This is because of calcium deposits.
- **Arteriolosclerosis**. This affects the body's smaller arteries.

The effects of arteriosclerosis can lead to lack of regular blood flow. Low blood flow to the brain can make you dizzy, numb, have slurred speech, and have other symptoms. Thromboses can further block the blood flow. This causes you to be at risk of getting stroke, or a heart attack.

Arteriosclerosis is a major health problem. Arteriosclerosis can be prevented by reducing risks. Risks are smoking, obesity, and low amounts of exercise. Doctors recommend dieting and exercise. Diets that are low in cholesterol and saturated fats. Some patients may take drugs that lower the amount of cholesterol in their blood.
Georges Braque

**Georges Braque** (Argenteuil, 13 May 1882 – Paris, 31 August 1963) was a major 20th century French painter, collagist, printmaker and sculptor who, with Pablo Picasso, developed the art movement known as Cubism.

French art critic Louis Vauxcelles first used the term _Cubism_, or "bizarre cubiques", in 1908 after seeing a picture by Braque. He described it as 'full of little cubes', after which the term quickly gained wide use. Art historian Ernst Gombrich described cubism as "the most radical attempt to stamp out ambiguity, and to enforce one reading of the picture – that of a man-made construction, a colored canvas". The Cubist movement spread quickly throughout Paris and Europe.

A major idea of Braque's was the fractured stringed instrument as a cubist model. This he painted a number of times with variations, and made sculptures with fractured violins, guitars, etc., inside transparent acrylic (perspex) blocks. Examples:

- _Violin and Candlestick_, Paris, spring 1910, at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
- _Woman with a Guitar,_ 1913. Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.

## Other websites

- Features an excellent selection of Braque paintings, with a rather weak text: The course of a painter in the representation of the landscape: Georges Braque
Nitric oxide

**Nitric oxide** also known as **nitrogen monoxide** is a chemical compound. It contains nitrogen in its +2 oxidation state. It contains nitrogen and oxide ions. Its chemical formula is often given as ·N=O.

## Properties

It is a colorless gas. It is easily oxidized to nitrogen dioxide by air. It can react with a mixture of air and water to make nitrous acid. It glows when reacted with ozone.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting ammonia with oxygen with a catalyst. It is also made in lightning. It can be made in small amounts by reacting copper with nitric acid. It can also be made by reducing nitrous acid with compounds such as iron(II) sulfate.

## Uses

Nitric oxide is used in making nitric acid from ammonia. Ammonia is reacted with air to make nitric oxide, and the nitric oxide is oxidized by air to make nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide is dissolved in water to make nitric acid and more nitric oxide.

It is also used as a stimulant in the human body. It has many actions in the human body that are being studied.

## Safety

Nitric oxide is toxic when breathed in. It also easily is oxidized to nitrogen dioxide, a toxic brown choking substance.

## Related pages

- Nitrous oxide
- Nitrite
- Sodium nitrite
Nitrogen dioxide

**Nitrogen dioxide** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is NO<sub>2</sub>. It contains nitrogen and oxide ions. The nitrogen is in the +4 oxidation state.

## Properties

Nitrogen Dioxide is a reddish-brown gas with a distinct, pungent odor similar to that of Chlorine. It causes significant and damaging pulmonary effects when it is inhaled, due to the formation of both Nitric (HNO3) & Nitrous (HNO2) acids when it reacts with Water present in the lungs. When Nitrogen Dioxide is compressed or cooled to near 0° C, two molecules of the Dioxide bond, forming the colorless Dinitrogen Tetroxide. It is a strong oxidizing agent. Upon heating, Nitrogen Dioxide decomposes back into lower oxides of Nitrogen (NO) as well as Oxygen. It reacts with iodides to form nitrites and elemental iodine. The presence of NO2 in concentrated Nitric acid causes the acid to take on a yellow color, depending on the concentration of the dissolved gas.

## Preparation

Nitrogen dioxide is normally made by oxidation of nitric oxide by oxygen in air. It can also be made by heating some nitrates. It can be made by reacting concentrated nitric acid with copper or tin.

## Uses

It is used to make nitric acid by dissolving it in water. Nitric oxide is also released.

## Safety

Nitrogen dioxide is very toxic. It has a foul odor, which aids in its detection. Much care should be taken to avoid contact with this compound.

## Related pages

- Nitrous oxide
- Nitrous acid
Dinitrogen tetroxide

**Dinitrogen tetroxide**, also known as **nitrogen tetroxide** or **dinitrogen tetraoxide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. It contains nitrogen in its +4 oxidation state. It contains nitrogen and oxide ions.

## Properties

It is a colorless gas, although it is sometimes polluted with nitrogen dioxide. It is very corrosive and a strong oxidizing agent. It can ignite on contact with hydrazine. It can be made by bonding two nitrogen dioxide molecules together at a low temperature or a high pressure.

## Preparation

It is made by bonding nitrogen dioxide molecules together in pairs.

## Uses

It is used as a rocket propellant, along with hydrazine. This mixture is good since it does not have to be ignited. It is used similar to nitrogen dioxide to make nitric acid. It can react with metals to make nitrates.

## Safety

Dinitrogen is highly toxic and corrosive. Some astronauts breathed it and had to go to a hospital.

## Related pages

- Nitrous oxide
- Nitrogen oxide
- List of nitrogen compounds
Nitrogen oxide

**Nitrogen oxide** may refer to any of these chemical compounds:

- Nitrous oxide, +1 oxidation state, sweet-smelling anesthetic sometimes called "laughing gas"
- Nitric oxide, +2 oxidation state, used in the body as stimulant
- Nitrogen dioxide, +4 oxidation state, brown choking gas
- Dinitrogen tetroxide, +4 oxidation state, two nitrogen dioxide molecules bonded together
- Dinitrogen pentoxide, +5 oxidation state, made from nitric acid
Nitrogen acid

**Nitrogen acids** are acids containing nitrogen.

- Nitrous acid, HNO<sub>2</sub>, +3 oxidation state
- Nitric acid, HNO<sub>3</sub>, +5 oxidation state
Dinitrogen pentoxide

**Dinitrogen pentoxide** is a chemical compound. It is made by removing water from nitric acid. Its chemical formula is N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is a white solid. It is made by reacting phosphorus(V) oxide with nitric acid. The phosphorus(V) oxide removes the water from the nitric acid. It can be dissolved in chloroform to add the NO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> group to some chemical compounds. It is toxic as it can make nitrogen dioxide gas.

## Related pages

- List of nitrogen compounds
- Nitrogen triiodide
- Ammonia
Nitrogen trichloride

**Nitrogen trichloride** is a chemical compound. It contains nitrogen in its +3 oxidation state and chloride in its -1 oxidation state. It contains nitrogen and chloride ions. Its chemical formula is NCl<sub>3</sub>. It is an explosive. It is made by reacting ammonium compounds with chlorine. It reacts with hot water to release hypochlorous acid and ammonia.

## Related pages

- Nitrogen triiodide
- Ammonium chloride
- Nitrate
Hypochlorous acid

**Hypochlorous acid** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is HClO or HOCl. It is not stable. It contains chlorine in its +1 oxidation state. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is made by reacting sodium hypochlorite with an acid that cannot be oxidized, such as phosphoric acid. If the acid can be oxidized, the hypochlorous acid will be destroyed. It is used to make some chemicals. It breaks down into hydrochloric acid and oxygen in sunlight. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make chlorine gas. It is a powerful disinfectant.

## Related pages

- Perchlorate
- Chlorate
- Hypochlorite
Sodium amide

**Sodium amide**, also known as **sodamide**, is a chemical compound. It contains sodium and amide ions. Its chemical formula is NaNH<sub>2</sub>. It is a very strong base, even stronger than hydroxides like sodium hydroxide. It reacts violently with water. It is a white solid, although it can be gray. It is made by reacting sodium metal with liquid or gaseous ammonia. It is used to make hydrazine and sodium azide. It is used to make various chemicals. It reacts with water to make ammonia and sodium hydroxide. It burns in air to make oxides of sodium and nitrogen, such as nitrogen dioxide. If there is only a little air, explosive chemicals may form. If it turns yellow or brown, get rid of it immediately. It is corrosive because it is a strong base.

## Related pages

- Sodium chloride
- Ammonium
- Nitrate
Amide

**Amides** are two related groups of chemical compounds, both derived from ammonia and amines.

## Organic amides

In organic chemistry, amides are related to carboxylic acids. Organic amides are also called **carboxamides**. Other amides can be derived from other oxyacids.

Replacing the hydroxy group  of an acid with an amino group  gives the amide of that acid: for example, acetic acid  becomes acetamide .

One or more of the hydrogens on the amino group can also be replaced with other organic groups. If more than one acyl group is connected to the nitrogen atom, the amide can be called a _secondary_ or _tertiary_ amide. In this sense, "secondary amide" is another name for imide.

## Inorganic amides

Inorganic amides have inorganic cations bonded to the nitrogen atom of an amine. This bond can be covalent or ionic. The  ion is also referred to as "amide" or "azanide", and is made by deprotonating ammonia with a strong base. This is ammonia acting as an acid, although a very weak one.

Because ammonia is a weak acid, inorganic amides are strong bases. Sodium amide is an example of an inorganic amide.

## Related pages

- Sodium azide
- Azide
- Nitrate
Sodium nitrate

**Sodium nitrate**, also known as **caliche**, **Chile saltpeter**, and **soda niter**, is a chemical compound. It contains sodium and nitrate ions. The chemical formula is NaNO<sub>3</sub>.

## Properties

It can dissolve in water very easily. It is an oxidizing agent. It is a white crystalline solid.

## Occurrence and preparation

It is found in very dry areas. If it was wet, then the sodium nitrate would dissolve. But it is normally made artificially by reacting sodium hydroxide and nitric acid. Chile used to have much sodium nitrate naturally in the very dry Atacama Desert. It is found in small amounts in leafy green vegetables.

## Uses

It is used to supply nitrogen to the soil. It is also used in making gunpowder. Some other explosives use it. It can be used to make nitric acid by reaction with sulfuric acid. It is used in rockets and smoke bombs. Sometimes it can be a food preservative.

## Related pages

- Sodium nitrite
- Nitrite
- Ammonium
Lead azide

**Lead azide**, also known as **lead(II) azide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Pb(N<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. It contains lead and azide ions. It contains lead in its +2 oxidation state.

Lead azide is an explosive. Most other azides just burn rapidly. It is used as a detonator to detonate other explosives. It is made by reacting lead(II) nitrate and sodium azide. It can be destroyed by sodium dichromate. It can react with other metals such as copper to make even more sensitive azide explosives. It does not become less of an explosive when wet. It will explode if it is dropped .

## Related pages

- Lead(II) oxide
- Sodium amide
Cobalt(II) chloride

**Cobalt(II) chloride**, also known as **cobaltous chloride** and **cobalt dichloride**, is a chemical compound. It contains cobalt in its +2 oxidation state. Its chemical formula is CoCl<sub>2</sub>. It contains cobalt and chloride ions.

## Properties

Cobalt(II) chloride is normally found in the red (or pink) form. The red form has water in it. It can be heated to turn it into the blue form, without water. The blue form will absorb water from the air and turn red again.

A different blue form is made when cobalt(II) chloride is reacted with a chemical compound that has chloride in it. Hydrochloric acid works the best, but sodium chloride can be used too. When it is heated, it turns more blue than when it is cooled.

for an example. Cobalt chloride can be used to test for chloride ions in this way.

It can be oxidized to cobalt(III) compounds, although cobalt(III) chloride does not exist. If it is made, it just drops a Cl from CoCl<sub>3</sub>, making CoCl<sub>2</sub> (cobalt(II) chloride) again.

## Preparation

The anhydrous (without water) blue form can be made by reacting cobalt with chlorine. The hydrated (with water) red form can be made by reacting cobalt(II) oxide or cobalt(II) hydroxide with hydrochloric acid.

## Uses

It is used to place cobalt into other chemical compounds. It can be used to make other cobalt compounds. It is the most common cobalt compound in the lab.

## Safety

It is a weak oxidizing agent, too weak to ignite things. Cobalt compounds are toxic in large quantities, like any other transition metal compounds. They are not toxic like lead or mercury compounds, though.

## Related pages

- Cobalt(III) oxide
- Cobalt(II) sulfate
Prohibition in the United States

The **Prohibition Era** was a period in United States history during which alcohol was outlawed.  Police would arrest people was found making or selling alcohol illegally.

Prohibition was established by the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. It became ratified by the states by January 16, 1919. It came into effect on January 16, 1920 and lasted until 1933.

The Women's Christian Temperance Union and other reformist organizations agitated for the change to improve the lives of the people. Prohibition was set up by the American government in an effort to decrease crime rates, reduce tax burden, and improve public health. It had little to do with the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

The punishment for being caught with an alcoholic beverage was jail time. The millions of people becoming criminals in such a short period of time led to overflowing prisons, which was one reason for many cases to be dismissed.

Prohibition led to reduced consumption of alcohol but led the Mafia and other underground organizations to take up up rum-running. The demand of alcohol caused illegal bar. Called speakeasies, they hid the illegal alcohol and could be a proper pub or also simply in their owner's basement.

Prohibition was repealed on December 5, 1933 by the Twenty-first Amendment. Since then, states regulate the selling of liquor by themselves.
Cobalt(II) oxide

**Cobalt(II) oxide**, also known as **cobaltous oxide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CoO. It contains cobalt in its +2 oxidation state as an ion. It also contains oxide. It can be green or red crystals. It can also be a grey or brown powder.

## Preparation

Cobalt(II) chloride reacts with a base to get cobalt(II) hydroxide. Then the cobalt(II) hydroxide is heated to make cobalt(II) oxide. The reactions are written below:
- CoCl<sub>2</sub> + 2 NaOH → 2 NaCl + Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>
- Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> → CoO + H2O

## Use

It can react with acids to make salts containing cobalt. It is used to make blue glass.

## Related pages

- Cobalt(II) sulfate
- Cobalt(III) oxide
Cobalt(II) hydroxide

**Cobalt(II) hydroxide** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>. It contains cobalt in its +2 oxidation state as an ion. It also contains hydroxide ions. It is either reddish or bluish. It is made by reacting a strong base with a cobalt(II) salt. Cobalt(II) chloride is normally used. This makes the red form. The blue form is made by reacting ammonium hydroxide with cobalt(II) hydroxide. It turns into cobalt(II) oxide when heated. It is used to dry paints, to make other cobalt compounds, and as a catalyst.

## Related pages

- Cobalt(II) sulfate
- Cobalt(III) oxide
- Cobalt
Cobalt(III) oxide

**Cobalt(III) oxide** is a chemical compound. It contains cobalt in its +3 oxidation state. Its chemical formula is Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. It can be made by reacting a cobalt(II) salt with sodium hypochlorite. This reaction also makes some chlorine. It is used as a catalyst. It is an oxidizing agent. It is not as strong an oxidizing agent as other cobalt(III) compounds.

## Related pages

- Cobalt(II) oxide
- Cobalt(II) chloride
- Cobalt(II) sulfate
Cobalt oxide

**Cobalt oxide** can refer to either of the following:

- Cobalt(II) oxide, CoO, black powder
- Cobalt(II,III) oxide, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, black powder
- Cobalt(III) oxide, Co<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, black powder

## Related pages

- Cobalt(II) hydroxide, Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>, red or blue-green powder
Cobalt(II) sulfate

**Cobalt(II) sulfate**, also known as **cobaltous sulfate**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CoSO<sub>4</sub>. It contains cobalt in its +2 oxidation state. It contains cobalt and sulfate ions.

## Properties

It is a reddish crystalline solid. It dissolves easily in water. It is reddish without water (anhydrous) and pink with water (hydrated).

## Preparation

It can be made by reacting cobalt, cobalt(II) oxide, or cobalt(II) hydroxide with sulfuric acid. It is very rarely found in the earth.

## Uses

It is used as a pigment. It is also used to make other cobalt salts. It can be used in electroplating cobalt. It was added to beer in the past but that poisoned people.

## Safety

Cobalt(II) sulfate is slightly carcinogenic. It is poisonous in large quantities.

## Related pages

- Cobalt(II) chloride
- Cobalt(III) oxide
Meccano

**Meccano** is a building set that lets people make models and small mechanical devices. It was made in 1901, and was from the United Kingdom.
Monoclonius

***Monoclonius*** is the doubtful name of a ceratopsid dinosaur. It was a herbivore (plant-eater)  It lived in North America during the Upper Cretaceous, about 76 to 73 million years ago.

_Monoclonius_ was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1876, soon after the first fossil specimen had been found in Montana. The specimen was a near complete skeleton with only the feet missing. It included skull material and the base of the nasal horn. Its name means "single stem" and refers to its teeth, which have a single root.

_Monoclonius_ is now regarded as a _nominem dubium_. It seems to be a juvenile stage of _Centrosaurus_.
Popish Plot

The **Popish Plot** was a story made up by Titus Oates that caused people to hate the Catholics in England between 1678 and 1681. Oates said that there was a large Catholic conspiracy to kill Charles II. His story led to the execution of at least 15 men and caused the Exclusion Bill Crisis. After a while Oates' complicated story fell apart, and he was arrested and sent to prison for perjury.
Cobalt(II,III) oxide

**Cobalt(II,III) oxide** is a chemical compound. It contains some (1 atom) cobalt in the +2 oxidation state and some (2 atoms) in the +3 oxidation state. Its chemical formula is Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. It contains cobalt and oxide ions.

## Properties

It is a black solid. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make chlorine and cobalt(II) chloride.

## Preparation

It is made when cobalt(II) oxide is heated to . When it is heated to , it turns back into cobalt(II) oxide.

## Uses

It has been used in research for making hydrogen.

## Safety

It is irritating to the skin. It can cause harm if swallowed. It dissolves in the stomach acid.

## Related pages

- Iron(II,III) oxide
- Cobalt(III) oxide
Cobalt(II) fluoride

**Cobalt(II) fluoride**, also known as **cobaltous fluoride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CoF<sub>2</sub>. It contains cobalt in its +2 oxidation state. It also contains fluoride ions.

## Properties

It is a reddish crystalline solid. It only dissolves a little in water. The hydrate (type with water molecules attached) can dissolve in water. It can dissolve in acid. It can react with hydrogen at  to make cobalt and hydrogen fluoride.

## Preparation

It can be made by reacting anhydrous (without any water molecules attached) cobalt(II) oxide or cobalt(II) chloride with a stream of hydrogen fluoride. This reaction makes the anhydrous form. The hydrated (with water molecules attached) form is made by reacting any cobalt(II) compound with hydrofluoric acid. When fluorine is reacted with cobalt at a high temperature, it makes both cobalt(II) fluoride and cobalt(III) fluoride.

## Uses

It is used as a catalyst. It can be used as a source of the fluoride ion in dentist care. It is used in lenses.

## Related pages

- Cobalt(II) hydroxide
- Cobalt(III) oxide
Cobalt fluoride

**Cobalt fluoride** can refer to either of the following compounds:

- Cobalt(II) fluoride, CoF<sub>2</sub>, red solid
- Cobalt(III) fluoride, CoF<sub>3</sub>, strong oxidizing agent
Cobalt(III) fluoride

**Cobalt(III) fluoride**, also known as **cobaltic fluoride** and **cobalt trifluoride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CoF<sub>3</sub>. It contains cobalt in its +3 oxidation state. It contains cobalt and fluoride ions. It is used to add fluoride ion to other chemicals. It is a brown solid. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It reacts with water to make hydrofluoric acid, oxygen, and cobalt(II) fluoride. It is made by reacting cobalt(II) chloride and fluorine at . Cobalt(II) oxide and cobalt(II) fluoride can be used instead of the cobalt(II) chloride. It is used to make some chemicals.

## Related pages

- Cobalt(II) hydroxide
Eyeborg

An **eyeborg** or **eye-borg** is an electronic eye that allows people to hear colors. It is mostly used by blind people or by people with color blindness. It works by using a head mounted camera that reads the colors directly in front of a person, and converts them into musical notes.

The first eyeborg was made in England in 2003 by Adam Montandon in collaboration with colourblind artist Neil Harbisson. The invention won a British award in Innovation (Submerge 2004) and a European award in Content Tools and Interface Design (Europrix 2004). In 2007, Peter Kese, a software developer from Slovenia, made further developments to the eyeborg by increasing the number of colors to 360 and adding color intensity through different volume levels. Matias Lizana, a student from Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya is currently developing the eyeborg into a smaller chip as part of his final year project. The new chip will allow users to hear colors in stereo and to embed the device.

## Other websites

- Eyeborg Website  Eyeborg chip development site
- Cyborg Enables Color-Blind Artist to Hear His Palette Article about an eyeborg user on Wired (USA 2008)
- Eyeborg user example   on The Sunday Times (UK, 2008)
- Seeing things in a different light Information from BBC (UK, 2005)
- Neil Harbisson's personal website
Christian Dior

**Christian Dior** (Granville, Manche, Basse-Normandie, 21 January 1905 –  Montecatini, Italy, 24 October 1957), was the leading French fashion designer of the post-war world. He was the founder of one of the world's top fashion houses, the _House of Dior_ (now _Christian Dior_).

## Career

During the German occupation of France in World War II, Christian Dior dressed up the wives of Nazi officers and French collaborators. On 8 October 1946 he founded his own fashion house, backed by Marcel Boussac, which became the cotton-fabric magnate.

### The New Look

For his first collection, in early 1947, the phrase _The New Look_ was coined by _Harper's Bazaar_, the fashion monthly. Dior's designs were more voluptuous than the economy shapes of World War II, when fabric was rationed.

Dior was a master at creating shapes and silhouettes; he said "I have designed flower women". His look employed fabrics lined with percale (a closely woven plain-weave fabric), boned, bustier-style bodices, hip padding, wasp-waisted corsets and petticoats. This made his dresses flare out from the waist, giving his models a very curvaceous look.

Some women protested, because his designs covered up their legs, which they did not want during wartime. There was also criticism of Dior's designs, which used a lot of fabric. Opposition ceased as soon as wartime shortages ended. The New Look revolutionized women's dress and reestablished Paris as the center of the fashion world.

### A-line

The term was first used by Dior as the label for his collection of spring 1955. The  A-Line collection's feature item, then the "most wanted silhouette in Paris", was a "fingertip-length flared jacket worn over a dress with a very full, pleated skirt". Evening dresses at this time were always worn with petticoats.

Although an A-shape, this silhouette was not identical to what is now understood to embody the A-line idea. That idea was given its definitive expression and popularized by Dior’s successor, Yves Saint Laurent, with his "Trapeze Line" of spring 1958, which featured dresses flaring out dramatically from a fitted shoulder line.

A-line clothes remained popular in the 1960s and 70s, disappeared from fashion almost completely by the early 1980s and were revived by the retro trend of the late 1990s. By that time, 'A-line' was used more loosely to describe any dress wider at the hips than at the bust or waist, as well as a number of flared skirt styles. 'True' A-line shapes on the pattern of Dior and Saint Laurent saw a revival in the early 2000s.
Baluchistan Agency

The **Baluchistan Agency** was one of the agencies of British India. Agency Territories, with an area of 44,345 square miles (208.262 km<sup>2</sup>), composed of tracts which had, from time to time, been acquired by lease or otherwise brought under control and been placed directly under British officers.

This agency consisted of three princely states, Kalat and its two feudatory states Las Bela and Kharan. The British government maintained the administrative control through their political agent in Kalat.
Ferromanganese

**Ferromanganese**, also known as **spiegeleisen**, is an alloy. It is made of iron and manganese. It is normally 15% manganese and 85% iron. It is made by reduction of a mixture of iron ore and manganese ore. Normally carbon is the reducing agent. It is normally how manganese is sold.

## Related pages

- Cobalt
Manganese(VII) oxide

**Manganese(VII) oxide**, also known as **permanganic acid** and **manganese heptoxide**, is a chemical compound. The manganese is in its +7 oxidation state. Its chemical formula is Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub href="chemical compound">7</sub>. This is about the only +7 oxidation state compound of manganese that is not a permanganate. Its chemical formula is Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. It is either a dark red or green oil. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is a dangerous explosive. It is made by combining sulfuric acid with potassium permanganate. This reaction makes the dark green oil. It makes manganese dioxide and oxygen when exploded. This reaction may produce ozone, a powerful oxidizing agent. It can be detonated by striking it or reacting it with some organic compounds such as alcohol.

## Related pages

- Manganese(II) oxide
Permanganic acid

**Permanganic acid** is an acid. It has the formula HMnO<sub>4</sub>. It is the acid form of the permanganate ion.

It is often made by reacting dilute sulfuric acid with a permanganate, such aspotassium permanganate. It is not usually a good idea to use concentrated acid because the extra acid may react with the new permanganic acid to create manganese heptoxide, an explosive chemical.
Manganese(II) sulfate

**Manganese(II) sulfate**, also known as **manganous sulfate**, is a chemical compound. It contains manganese in its +2 oxidation state. It contains manganese and sulfate ions. Its chemical formula is MnSO<sub>4</sub>. It is a pink crystalline solid. It normally is bonded with some water molecules. It is part of a process to make manganese metal. It can be made separately though. If sulfur dioxide and manganese dioxide are reacted, it produces manganese(II) sulfate. It reacts with potassium permanganate to make manganese dioxide. It is used to add manganese to soil.

## Related pages

- Manganese(II) carbonate
- Manganese(II) oxide
- Manganese(VII) oxide
Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco

***Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco*** is the  sequel to the 1993 movie _Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey_.

## Plot

The owners of Shadow the Golden Retriever, Sassy the Himalayan cat (Sally Field), and Chance the American Bulldog (Michael J. Fox) decide to take a trip to Canada. At the San Francisco International Airport, the animals run away after Chance gets free from his carrier. After getting away from airport police, the animals are in San Francisco, with home on the other side of the Golden Gate bridge.

As they are trying to get home, Chance falls in love with a street Kuvasz named Delilah (Carla Gugino) who's never had a human family. He thinks humans are bad since he was left alone by his owners, and at first does not agree to help Shadow, Sassy, and Chance because they are "pets". After they return home, a sad Chance is soon together with Delilah. The family accepts her as their newest pet.

## Cast

- Robert Hays - Bob Seaver
- Kim Griest - Laura Seaver
- Kevin Chevalia - Jamie Seaver
- Veronica Lauren - Hope Seaver
- Benj Thall - Peter Seaver

### Voice cast

- Ralph Waite - Shadow
- Michael J. Fox - Chance
- Sally Field - Sassy
- Michael Bell - Stokey
- Tisha Campbell - Sledge
- Adam Goldberg - Pete
- Carla Gugino - Delilah
- Tommy Lasorda - Lucky Lasorda
- Tress MacNeille - French Poodle
- Ross Malinger - Spike
- Al Michaels - Sparky Michaels
- Jon Polito - Ashcan
- Sinbad - Riley
- Stephen Tobolowsky - Bando
- Bob Uecker - Trixie Uecker

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Homeward Bound II: Lost in San Francisco
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: David R. Ellis
- **producer**: Barry Jossen
- **writer**: Sheila Burnford (characters)
 Chris Hauty
 Julie Hickson
- **starring**: Ralph Waite
 Sally Field
 Michael J. Fox
- **music**: Bruce Broughton
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Pictures
- **released**: March 8, 1996
- **runtime**: 89 min.
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Poolsbrook

**Poolsbrook** is a town in northeast Derbyshire, England.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **static image**: Poolbrook Crescent 200931.jpg
- **static image caption**: Poolsbrook.
- **official name**: Poolsbrook
- **population**: 7,500
- **shire district**: Chesterfield
- **shire county**: Derbyshire
- **region**: East Midlands
- **constituency westminster**: Chesterfield (UK Parliament constituency), Chesterfield
- **post town**: Chesterfield
- **postcode district**: S43
- **postcode area**: S
- **dial code**: 01246
- **os grid reference**: SK442736