juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Swallows and Amazons series

***Swallows and Amazons*** is a series of children's books by the English writer Arthur Ransome. The series is named after the title of the first book in the series. The 12 books are about the adventures of groups of children during school holidays. Events mostly take place in England and Scotland between the World War I and World War II. The stories usually are about outdoor activities, especially camping, fishing and sailing.

## Overview

The series remains popular today for its lovely, yet often realistic, depiction of childhood and the interplay between children's imagination and reality. It is part of the basis for a large tourist industry in the Lake District and Norfolk Broads areas of England, where many of the books are set. There are also several groups dedicated to the study and promotion of Ransome's work which are largely inspired by the series. The first was the Arthur Ransome Club in Japan. There is also the British-based group, The Arthur Ransome Society, which has an international membership.

The series begins with _Swallows and Amazons_, published in 1930. It tells the story of the Walker children, who sail a dinghy (boat) named _Swallow_, and the Blackett children, who sail a dinghy named _Amazon_. The Walkers are staying at a farm near a lake during the school holidays; the Blacketts live in a house on the opposite shore. The children meet on an island on the lake, and have a series of adventures that weave imaginative tales of pirates and exploration into everyday life in inter-war, rural England.
Arthur Ransome

**Arthur Michell Ransome** (born 18 January 1884 in Leeds - died 3 June 1967) was an English writer and journalist. He is best known for writing the _Swallows and Amazons series_ of children's books.

Ransome was born in Leeds. His father was Professor of History there. His father's death in 1897 affected Ransome for a long time. He always tried to get past his belief that his father had did not think his abilities were very good.

Ransome got his formal education first in Windermere. He then studied at the Rugby School (where he lived in Lewis Carroll's study room). He did not fully like his time there because of his poor vision, lack of skills at sports, and limited achievement. He attended Yorkshire College, his father's college studying chemistry. After a year there, he stopped going to the college. He went to London to become a writer. He took low-paying jobs as an office assistant in a publishing company. He also worked as editor of a magazine, _Temple Bar Magazine_, that was not making much money. During this time, he was writing and became a member of the literary scene of London.

## _Swallows and Amazons_

Ransom's most well known book series, _Swallows and Amazons_, tells the stories of school-holiday adventures of children. The stories are mostly set in the Lake District and the Norfolk Broads. Many of the books involve sailing. Other common things are fishing and camping. The books are so popular that they give a basis of a tourist industry around Windermere and Coniston Water — the two lakes that Ransome used as the basis for his fictional North Country lake.
Stanley Cup playoffs

The **Stanley Cup playoffs** are an elimination tournament in the National Hockey League.

To win the Stanley Cup, a team must win 16 playoff games, 4 in each of the 4 rounds.

The playoffs have 4 rounds. Each round is a best-of-seven series. This means up to seven games are played until one team wins 4 of the games. The first three rounds decide which team from each conference will move on to the last round. The last round is called the Stanley Cup Finals. The winner of that set of games becomes the NHL and Stanley Cup winner.

The first round of the playoffs is called the Conference Quarterfinals. There are four games in each conference. The winners of the first round advance to the second round. The third round is the Conference Finals. The two teams left in each conference (Eastern Conference and Western Conference) play each other. The conference champions advance to the Stanley Cup Finals.

For the first three rounds, the higher-seeded team has home-ice advantage. In the Stanley Cup Finals, it goes to the team with the better regular season record. The team with home-ice advantage hosts games 1, 2, 5 and 7, while the opponent hosts games 3, 4 and 6 (games 5–7 are played "if needed").

Unlike regular season games, which have an altered format for overtime games (3 skaters and a goalie per side), playoff games have regular squads (5 skaters and a goalie per side) and are all played as sudden death format.

## History

Before the 1993–94 season, the style was completely different.  The league was split into four divisions, and the best four teams in each of the divisions went to the playoffs.  Also, instead of the top team playing the 8th place team in the conference, the first place team played the fourth place team in each division, and the second place team played the third place team.  In the second round, the two winning teams in each division would face each other for the divisional championship.  The divisional winners in each conference would play one another in the third round for the right to advance to the Stanley Cup Final.  This style is still used for deciding the teams in the playoffs in the American Hockey League.
Abukuma River

The **Abukuma River** (阿武隈川, _Abukuma gawa_ or _Abukumagawa_) is a river in the Tōhoku region of Japan.  It has a length of 234 kilometers. It is the second longest river in the Tōhoku region of Japan and is the 6th longest river in Japan. It rises from springs in the peaks of the Nasu Mountains. It collects water from tributaries leaving the Ōu Mountains and the Abukuma Highlands (阿武隈高地). Then, it empties out into the Pacific Ocean as a major river. It has a 5,390 km² area watershed. About 1.2 million people live along its basin.
Agano River

The **Agano River** (_Aganogawa_) is a river which flows from Fukushima Prefecture to Niigata Prefecture in Japan. It is called the **Aga River** or the **Ōkawa River**  in Fukushima. It is 210 km long with 7,710 km² watershed.

In 1927, the Agano River was recognized as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan which best showed Japan and its culture in the Shōwa period.

## Niigata Minamata disease

In 1964, a chemical factory at Kanose village in Niigata Prefecture released methyl mercury into the river and this caused the Niigata Minamata disease.
Arakawa River

The **Arakawa River** () is one of the principal rivers flowing through Tokyo, the capital city of Japan. The point of origin is on Mount Kobushi in Saitama Prefecture, and the Arakawa empties into Tokyo Bay, spanning 173 kilometers.  The drainage basin covers 2,940 square kilometers. The widest section of the river ranges 2,537 meters at around Gonari Bridge and ranks number one in the nation.

The Arakawa is a sister river with the Potomac River in the United States.

## Other websites

- Potomac Sister River page
- Arakawa River Association
The Replacements (band)

**The Replacements** were an American rock band. They began in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1979, and are best known for being early pioneers of alternative rock.

## Live performances

The Replacements became popular locally after playing live for the first time. This was because of Tommy Stinson's young age. He was still 13. He had learned to play bass guitar at 11 . Early shows were good but soon because impossible to control. The band became known for their rowdy, angry, and often drunken live shows. They often came up on stage too intoxicated to play.

They were banned permanently from _Saturday Night Live_ after performing drunk before a national television audience on January 18, 1986. As one critic said, the band could quite often be "mouthing profanities into the camera, stumbling into each other, falling down, dropping their instruments, and generally behaving like the apathetic drunks they were."

The Replacements—when sober—got critical praise for their live shows. Part of the suspense of seeing the Replacements play, was that the audience never knew until the start of a concert if the band would be sober enough to play. It was not unusual for the group to play entire sets of cover versions, ranging anywhere from Bryan Adams's "Summer of '69" to Dusty Springfield's "The Look of Love" to Led Zeppelin's "Black Dog."

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Replacements
- **image**: The Replacements (band).jpg
- **caption**: The Replacements performing in Toronto, 2013
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Minneapolis, Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- **genre**: Punk rock, alternative rock, college rock, post-punk
- **years active**: 1979–1991, 2006, 2012–2015
- **label**: Twin/Tone Records, Twin/Tone, Sire Records, Sire
- **associated acts**: Bash & Pop, Guns N' Roses, Golden Smog, Perfect (American band), Perfect, Static Taxi
- **past members**: Paul Westerberg
Tommy Stinson
Chris Mars
Bob Stinson
Slim Dunlap<br/ >Steve Foley (drummer), Steve Foley
Fuji River

The  flows from Yamanashi Prefecture to Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan. It is 128 km long and has a drainage area of 3990 km². With the Mogami River and the Kuma River, it is regarded as one of the three most rapid flows of Japan. This river is not well known by people over the world. It is near Mount Fuji.

In 1927, the Fuji River was recognized as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan which best showed Japan and its culture in the Shōwa period.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Fuji River
- **image**: Fuji-fujigawa.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **image caption**: Mt. Fuji and a bridge over the Fuji River
- **source1 location**: Ichikawamisato, Yamanashi, Ichikawamisato, Yamanashi Prefecture
- **mouth location**: Suruga Bay
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Japan
Hino River

The  is a major river in the western part of Tottori Prefecture. The river flows east-northeast for 1004m beginning from Mikuniyama in Nichinan in southern Tottori Prefecture. At Kofu, the river turns north-northwest before finally discharging into Miho Bay at Heizu near Yonago. Approximately 60,800 people use the water from the Hino River.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Hino River
- **image**: Hino River near Yonago, Tottori, Japan.jpg
- **image caption**: Hino River near Yonago, Tottori, Yonago, Tottori Prefecture
- **source1 location**: Mount Mikuni (Tottori), Mount Mikuni and Mount Dōgo, Tottori Prefecture
- **mouth location**: Miho Bay, Sea of Japan
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Japan
Jinzū River

The  is a river which flows from Gifu Prefecture to Toyama Prefecture in Japan. It is called **Miya River** (宮川 _Miya-gawa_) in Gifu. It is 120 km long and has a watershed of 2,720 km².
Ibi River

The  is a tributary of the Kiso River in Gifu and Mie Prefectures in Japan. Along with the Nagara and Kiso rivers, the Ibi is the third of the Kiso Three Rivers of the Nōbi Plain. It is one of Japan's first class rivers. The former Tōkaidō post station of Kuwana-juku was on the western banks of this river during the Edo period.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Ibi River
- **name native**: 揖斐川
- **image**: Kiso River mouth in Ise Bay.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **image caption**: Ibi River (left) flowing into Ise Bay. To the right is Kiso River.
- **source1 location**: Mount Kanmuri (Gifu, Fukui), Mount Kanmuri
- **mouth location**: Ise Bay
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Japan
- **river system**: Kiso River
Mastodon (band)

**Mastodon** or (**The Mastodon**) is an American heavy metal rock band from Lawrenceville, Georgia. Formed in 2000, As of 2023, the band has made eight studio albums. In 2018, the band won a Grammy Award for the song "Sultan's Curse". Sanders is from Athens, Georgia, while Hinds was born and raised in College Park, and while Kelliher and Dailor were born and raised in nearby Lawrenceville.

In 2002, the band made _Remission_. This was their first album. Mastodon's second album, _Leviathan_, was released in 2004. It is a concept album. It is based on _Moby-Dick_ by Herman Melville.

## Discography

- _Remission_ (2002)
- _Leviathan_ (2004)
- _Blood Mountain_ (2006)
- _Crack the Skye_ (2009)
- _The Hunter_ (2011)
- _Once More 'Round the Sun_ (2014)
- _Emperor of Sand_ (2017)
- _Hushed and Grim_ (2021)

## Other websites

- Official Mastodon website
- Relapse Records

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mastodon
- **img**: Ursynalia 2012, Mastodon 12.jpg
- **img capt**: Mastodon playing music in 2012. From left to right: Brann Dailor, Brent Hinds, Troy Sanders and Bill Kelliher.
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Lawrenceville, Georgia, United States
- **genre**: Progressive metal, sludge metal
- **years active**: 2000–present
- **label**: Relapse Records, Relapse, Reprise Records, Reprise, Roadrunner Records, Roadrunner
- **associated acts**: Lethargy (band), Lethargy, Today Is the Day, Scott Kelly (musician), Scott Kelly
- **current members**: Brann Dailor
Brent Hinds
Bill Kelliher
Troy Sanders
- **past members**: Eric Saner
Tony Chimel

**Tony Chimel** is an American former professional wrestling ring announcer. He is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he works as a producer. He is best known for his time with the World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWE) from 1983 to 2020, where he was a ring announcer (from 1989 to 2017) and part of the ring crew. Following his release from the WWE, Chimel took a job at a Trader Joe's store. He joined AEW in April 2023.

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Tony Chimel
- **image**: Tony Chimel November 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Chimel in November 2013
- **names**: **Tony Chimel**
Tony Chimmel
- **children**: 1
- **birth place**: Texas
- **billed**: Willingboro Township, New Jersey
- **debut**: 1983
Listeria

***Listeria*** is a genus of bacteria with about ten species. It is named after Joseph Lister. _Listeria_ are very common, they occur almost everywhere. Two of the ten species are pathogens: they can cause a disease called listeriosis in decaying food.

In 2011, 21 people died from listeriosis by eating cantaloupes from a Colorado farm.  In 1998, hot dogs and possibly deli meats made by Bil Mar Foods, a subsidiary of Sara Lee Corp., also had listeria and killed 21 people.  In 1985, listeria in Mexican-style soft cheese was linked to 52 deaths.
American Eagle Outfitters

**American Eagle** is a multinational clothing store based in the United States. Most people who buy clothing from American Eagle are teenagers and young adults. The store opened in 1977 and the headquarters is in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Other websites

- American Eagle website
American Eagle

**American Eagle** may mean:

- American Eagle Airlines, airline division of AMR Corp. and marketing brand used for flights operated by this carrier and Executive Airlines
- American Eagle Outfitters, a U.S. clothing retailer
- Bald Eagle, the national bird of the United States
Church of Scotland

The **Church of Scotland** is the national church of Scotland, established by law.  It is Presbyterian. The Presbyterian Church of Scotland is  distinguished from the Anglican Church in a number of ways. It does not have bishops or archbishops; nor is the British monarch its head. The leading minister is called the Moderator, who is the chair of the General Assembly for one year. Ministers of the **Kirk**, as it is called, may be called Rectors.

The established kirk has suffered schism (breaks), and this has given rise to the "Wee Frees": the **Free Church of Scotland**, and (a further schism) the **Free Church of Scotland (continuing)** (the Wee Wee Frees); and the **Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland** (also, confusingly, called the Wee Wee Frees).

The Scottish Presbyterian church was formed when it broke away from Rome in 1560. Its theology (beliefs) were based on the ideas of John Knox, a disciple of John Calvin. The free kirks tend to take the Bible more literally.

About 10% of the people in Scotland are members of this church, but when asked in a census, 47% of people said this was their religion.

In 2023 there were around 4500 churches in Scotland, but fewer people going to services, so there were plans to save money by closing many of them.

## God's Invitation

In 1992, the Kirk's ruling body (the General Assembly) approved the following simple summary of its beliefs.

**God's Invitation**

- God made the world
    - and all its creatures
    - with men and women made in His image.

- By breaking His laws people have broken contact with God,
    - and damaged His good world.
    - This we see and sense in the world and in ourselves.

- The Bible tells us the Good News that God still loves us
    - and has shown His love uniquely in His Son, Jesus Christ.
    - He lived among us
    - and died on the cross to save us from our sin.
    - But God raised Him from the dead!

- In His love, this living Jesus invites us
    - to turn from our sins
    - and enter by faith into a restored relationship with God
    - Who gives true life before and beyond death.

- Then, with the power of the Holy Spirit remaking us like Jesus,
    - we – with all Christians –
    - worship God,
    - enjoy His friendship
    - and are available for Him to use
    - in sharing and showing
    - His love, justice, and peace
    - locally and globally
    - until Jesus returns!

- In Jesus’ name
    - we gladly share with you God's message for all people –
    - You matter to God!
Malcolm Young

**Malcolm Mitchell Young** (6 January 1953 – 18 November 2017) was a Scottish-born Australian guitarist. He was the rhythm guitarist for the band AC/DC.

Young left AC/DC in April 2014 to receive treatment for dementia. In September 2014 the band's management announced that his departure would be permanent.

His brothers are George and Angus Young.

Young died on 18 November 2017 at the age of 64 at Lulworth House in Elizabeth Bay. Young's elder brother George Young died a few weeks earlier, on 22 October 2017.

## Other websites

- ACDC.com Official website
- ACDCRocks.com
A & C Black

**A & C Black** is a British book publishing company.

The company was founded in 1807 by Adam and Charles Black in Edinburgh. It moved to the Soho district of London in 1889. In 1851, the company bought the copyright of Walter Scott's Waverley Novels for £27,000. In 1902, it published P. G. Wodehouse's first book, _The Pothunters_.

People know the company best for being the publisher of the _Who's Who_, printed every year since 1897 and also, since 2002, the Whitaker's Almanack.

A & C Black bought both Christopher Helm Publishers and later the Pica Press, which are publishers of the Helm Identification Guides, written by Christopher Helm.

The company is now part of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.

## Other websites

- ACBlack.com corporate history
- Bloomsbury Publishing corporate structure
- Whitaker's Almanack
Lush

**Lush** was an English band.  They were active from 1988 to 1996.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Lush
- **img**: Lush in my backyard.jpg
- **img capt**: Lush; early 1990s
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: London, England
- **genre**: Shoegazing, dream pop, Britpop
- **years active**: 19871996 (official 1998)
- **label**: 4AD
Reprise Records, Reprise (US)
- **associated acts**: Rover Girls, The Bugs, Sing-Sing (band), Sing-Sing, Lillies (band), Lillies, Pale Saints
- **past members**: Miki Berenyi
Emma Anderson
Phil King (musician), Phil King
Chris Acland
 Meriel Barham
Steve Rippon
Disturbed

**Disturbed** or **The Disturbed** is an American heavy metal rock band from Chicago. formed in 1994 and have sold over 11 million albums in the United States alone and almost 20 million around the world.  All of Disturbed's albums have been number one on the _Billboard 200_.  Four of their albums have been number one on their first week on the _Billboard 200_.

## History

Disturbed's original name was Brawl, and had a different singer.  David Draiman joined Brawl, and changed the name to Disturbed.  In 2000, Disturbed released their first CD, called _The Sickness_.  Since 2000, _The Sickness_ has sold over 4 million copies in the United States.  In 2002, Disturbed released a DVD called _M.O.L._.  This has music videos and videos of the band while on tour.  Later in 2002, Disturbed released another CD, called _Believe_.  After Disturbed finished a tour in 2003, they fired bassist, Steve Kmak.  He was replaced with John Moyer.  In 2005, Disturbed released another album called _Ten Thousand Fists_.  One of Disturbed's songs, "This Moment" was put in the movie _Transformers_.  In 2008, Disturbed released another album, called _Indestructible_.  Some of the songs from _Indestructible_ were put on the video game _Rock Band_.

## Band members

- Current lineup
- Dan Donegan – guitars <small>(1996–2011, 2015–present)</small>
- Mike Wengren – drums <small>(1996–2011, 2015–present)</small>
- David Draiman – vocals <small>(1996–2011, 2015–present)</small>
- John Moyer – bass <small>(2004–2011, 2015–present)</small>

- Former
- Steve "Fuzz" Kmak – bass <small>(1996–2003)</small>

## Albums

|Year|Title|
| --- | --- |
|2000|_The Sickness_|
|2002|_Believe_|
|2005|_Ten Thousand Fists_|
|2008|_Indestructible_|
|2010|_Asylum_|
|2015|_Immortalized_|
|2018|_Evolution_|
|Year|Title|
| --- | --- |
|2011|_The Lost Children_|

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Disturbed
- **img**: Disturbed Sweden Rock 2008.jpg
- **img capt**: Disturbed performing at 2008's Sweden Rock Festival.
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal, alternative metal, nu metal (early)
- **years active**: 1994-2011; 2015-present
- **label**: Giant Records (Warner Bros. subsidiary label), Giant, Warner Records, Warner, Reprise Records, Reprise
- **url**: [http://www.disturbed1.com/ www.disturbed1.com]
- **current members**: David Draiman
Dan Donegan
John Moyer
Mike Wengren
- **past members**: Steve Kmak, Steve "Fuzz" Kmak
Survivor (band)

**Survivor** is a hard rock band from Berwyn, Illinois. They were active from 1978 to 1989. They reunited in 1993. Their best-known single was _Eye of the Tiger_, which was the theme song to the movie _Rocky III_.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Survivor
- **img**: Survivor band 2013.jpg
- **img capt**: Survivor at the Sweden Rock Festival in 2013
- **background**: group_or_band
- **genre**: Arena rock, hard rock
- **years active**: 1978–1989
1993–present
- **label**: Scotti Brothers Records, Scotti Brothers, PolyGram, Frontiers Records, Frontiers
- **associated acts**: The Ides of March (band), The Ides of March, Cobra (American band), Cobra, Target (band), Target, Pride of Lions, McAuley Schenker Group
- **url**: [http://www.survivormusic.com/ Official website]
- **current members**: Frankie Sullivan
Marc Droubay
Jimi Jamison
Billy Ozzello
Walter Tolentino
- **past members**: Jim Peterik
Dave Bickler
Dennis Keith Johnson (Survivor), Dennis Keith Johnson
Gary Smith (survivor), Gary Smith
Stephan Ellis
Bill Syniar
Mickey Curry
Kyle Woodring
Klem Hayes
Randy Riley
Chris Grove
Gordon Patriarca
Barry Dunaway
Robin McAuley
Michael Young
Mitchell Sigman
Herne Bay

**Herne Bay** is a small seaside town in Kent, South East England. It is about  from London. The town has a population of about 35,000. It is near Canterbury, Whitstable and the historic villages of Herne and Reculver. Up until 1978, the town had the second-longest pier in the United Kingdom. However, in 1987 it was destroyed by a storm.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Herne Bay
- **label position**: top
- **population**: 35,188
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 Census)
- **shire district**: City of Canterbury, Canterbury
- **shire county**: Kent
- **region**: South East England
- **constituency westminster**: North Thanet (UK Parliament constituency), North Thanet
- **post town**: HERNE BAY
- **postcode district**: CT6
- **postcode area**: CT
- **dial code**: 01227
- **os grid reference**: TR177681
- **london distance**: 67mi
- **static image**: Herne Bay Pier 027.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Herne Bay</small>
Murten

**Murten** (French: _Morat_) is a city in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It is a historic city on the south side of Lake Morat. The name of the city first appears in 515 as _Muratum_. The name is probably related to Celtic _Moridunum_. This is made from _Mori_ (lake), and _dunum_ (castle, fortification). The city used to be part of the duchy of Burgundy. It got city rights in 1337.

Today, about 6,000 people live there. Almost all of the old parts of the city still exist.  In 2000, about 77% of the people spoke German, 13% spoke French, and about 2% spoke Italian. About 19% of the people living there are foreigners.

## History

On 1 January 1975 the former municipality of Burg bei Murten merged into the municipality of Murten. It was created on 1 January 1991 by the former municipality of Altavilla and on 1 January 2013 by the former municipality of Büchslen. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Courlevon, Jeuss, Lurtigen and Salvenach merged into Murten. On 1 January 2022, the former municipalities of Clavaleyres (Canton of Bern), Galmiz and Gempenach merged to form the municipality of Murten.

## Other websites

- Official website
- The panorama of the battle of Morat
- Photo Gallery from Morat
Herne

**Herne** may mean:

- Herne, Germany
- Herne, Kent, England, near the town of Herne Bay, Kent
- Herne (Belgium)
- Herne Bay, English seaside town in southeastern Kent
NOT gate

|**INPUT** A || **OUTPUT** NOT A||
| --- | --- |
|0|1|
|1|0|

A ** NOT gate** (also often called **Inverter**) is a logic gate. Each NOT gate has only one input signal. Logically with NOT gates, the input and the output swap, so if you input _1_ it outputs as _0_; likewise if you input _0_ it outputs as _1_.The NOT gate negates the values of data or signal in its input. It will always output the opposite signal. Its main function is to interchange logic.

In the 20th century an inverter was often made of a discrete transistor with other components, or several inverters were packaged in an integrated circuit.

## Symbols

There are three symbols for the NOT gate:

||||
| --- | --- | --- |
|_MIL/ANSI Symbol_|_IEC Symbol_|_DIN Symbol_|

## Related pages

- OR gate
- AND gate

## Other websites

- The Not Gate on All About Circuits
Bobby Convey

**Bobby Convey** (born May 27, 1983) is a former American soccer player. He played in the United States and in England.

## Career statistics

|Club|Season|League|Cup|League Cup|Other|Total|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|D.C. United|2000|MLS|22|0|2|0|colspan="4"|—|24|0|||
|2001|MLS|12|1|1|0|colspan="4"|—|13|1||||
|2002|MLS|26|5|0|0|colspan="4"|—|26|5||||
|2003|MLS|19|2|1|0|colspan="2"|—|2|0|22|2||
|2004|MLS|10|0|0|0|colspan="4"|—|10|0||||
|Reading|2004–05|Championship|18|0|2|0|2|0|colspan="2"|—|22|0|
|2005–06|Championship|45|7|0|0|0|0|colspan="2"|—|45|7||
|2006–07|Premier League|9|0|3|0|0|0|colspan="2"|—|12|0||
|2007–08|Premier League|20|0|2|0|2|1|colspan="2"|—|24|1||
|2008–09|Championship|6|0|1|0|2|0|colspan="2"|—|9|0||
|San Jose Earthquakes|2009|MLS|26|1|1|0|colspan="4"|—|27|1|||
|2010|MLS|28|1|1|0|colspan="2"|—|3|2|32|3||
|2011|MLS|21|1|0|0|colspan="4"|—|21|1||||
|Sporting Kansas City|2012|MLS|16|1|0|0|colspan="2"|—|1|0|17|1|
|2013|MLS|3|0|0|0|colspan="4"|—|3|0||||
|Toronto FC|2013|MLS|21|1|0|0|colspan="4"|—|21|0|||
|New York Red Bulls|2014|MLS|13|0|1|0|colspan="4"|—|14|0|||

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Bobby Convey
- **image**: BobbyConvey USMNT 200605011.jpg
- **caption**: Convey training with the United States Men's National Team
- **fullname**: Robert Francis Convey
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- **position**: Left winger
- **youthyears1**: 1999–2000
- **youthclubs1**: IMG Soccer Academy
- **years1**: 2000–2004
- **clubs1**: D.C. United
- **caps1**: 89
- **goals1**: 8
- **years2**: 2000
- **clubs2**: → MLS Pro-40 (loan)
- **caps2**: 2
- **goals2**: 1
- **years3**: 2004–2009
- **clubs3**: Reading F.C., Reading
- **caps3**: 98
- **goals3**: 7
- **years4**: 2009–2011
- **clubs4**: San Jose Earthquakes
- **caps4**: 75
- **goals4**: 3
- **years5**: 2012–2013
- **clubs5**: Sporting Kansas City
- **caps5**: 19
- **goals5**: 1
- **years6**: 2013
- **clubs6**: Toronto FC
- **caps6**: 21
- **goals6**: 1
- **years7**: 2014
- **clubs7**: New York Red Bulls
- **caps7**: 13
- **goals7**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 317
- **totalgoals**: 21
- **nationalyears1**: 1999
- **nationalteam1**: United States men's national under-17 soccer team, United States U17
- **nationalcaps1**: 6
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2001–2003
- **nationalteam2**: United States men's national under-20 soccer team, United States U20
- **nationalcaps2**: 9
- **nationalgoals2**: 2
- **nationalyears3**: 2000–2008
- **nationalteam3**: United States men's national soccer team, United States
- **nationalcaps3**: 46
- **nationalgoals3**: 1
- **club-update**: 7 December 2014 (UTC)
- **nationalteam-update**: December 7, 2014
Bruce Arena

**Bruce Arena** (born September 21, 1951) is an American soccer coach who currently serves as the head coach and sporting director of the San Jose Earthquakes.

## International career statistics

|-
|1973||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Bruce Arena
- **image**: BruceArena 20060511.jpgborder
- **caption**: Arena in 2006
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York, United States
- **currentclub**: San Jose Earthquakes (manager and sporting director)
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthyears1**: 1968
- **youthclubs1**: New York Hota Bavarian SC, New York Hota
- **collegeyears1**: 1969–1971
- **college1**: Nassau Community College, Nassau Lions
- **collegeyears2**: 1971–1973
- **college2**: Cornell Big Red men's soccer, Cornell Big Red
- **years1**: 1976
- **clubs1**: Tacoma Tides
- **nationalyears1**: 1973
- **nationalteam1**: United States men's national soccer team, United States
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1973
- **managerclubs1**: Cornell Big Red men's soccer, Cornell Big Red (assistant)
- **manageryears2**: 1976
- **managerclubs2**: University of Puget Sound, Puget Sound Loggers
- **manageryears3**: 1977
- **managerclubs3**: Cornell Big Red men's lacrosse, Cornell Big Red (lacrosse assistant)
- **manageryears4**: 1978–1985
- **managerclubs4**: Virginia Cavaliers men's lacrosse, Virginia Cavaliers (lacrosse assistant)
- **manageryears5**: 1978–1995
- **managerclubs5**: Virginia Cavaliers men's soccer, Virginia Cavaliers (soccer)
- **manageryears6**: 1996
- **managerclubs6**: United States men's national under-23 soccer team, United States U-23
- **manageryears7**: 1996–1998
- **managerclubs7**: D.C. United
- **manageryears8**: 1998–2006
- **managerclubs8**: United States men's national soccer team, United States
- **manageryears9**: 2006–2007
- **managerclubs9**: New York Red Bulls
- **manageryears10**: 2008–2016
- **managerclubs10**: LA Galaxy
- **manageryears11**: 2016–2017
- **managerclubs11**: United States men's national soccer team, United States
- **manageryears12**: 2019–2023
- **managerclubs12**: New England Revolution
- **manageryears13**: 2024–
- **managerclubs13**: San Jose Earthquakes
Jimmy Glass

**James Robert Glass** (born 1 August 1973) is an English retired football player.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Jimmy Glass
- **fullname**: James Robert Glass
- **birth place**: Epsom, Surrey, England
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthyears1**: 1987–1988
- **youthclubs1**: Chelsea F.C., Chelsea
- **years1**: 1989–1996
- **clubs1**: Crystal Palace F.C., Crystal Palace
- **caps1**: 0
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1989–1990
- **clubs2**: → Dulwich Hamlet F.C., Dulwich Hamlet (loan)
- **caps2**: 14
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 1995
- **clubs3**: → Portsmouth F.C., Portsmouth (loan)
- **caps3**: 3
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 1995
- **clubs4**: → Gillingham F.C., Gillingham (loan)
- **caps4**: 0
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 1996
- **clubs5**: → Burnley F.C., Burnley (loan)
- **caps5**: 0
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 1996–1998
- **clubs6**: AFC Bournemouth
- **caps6**: 95
- **goals6**: 0
- **years7**: 1998–2000
- **clubs7**: Swindon Town F.C., Swindon Town
- **caps7**: 11
- **goals7**: 0
- **years8**: 1999
- **clubs8**: → Carlisle United F.C., Carlisle United (loan)
- **caps8**: 3
- **goals8**: 1
- **years9**: 2000
- **clubs9**: Cambridge United F.C., Cambridge United
- **caps9**: 0
- **goals9**: 0
- **years10**: 2000
- **clubs10**: Brentford F.C., Brentford
- **caps10**: 2
- **goals10**: 0
- **years11**: 2000–2001
- **clubs11**: Oxford United F.C., Oxford United
- **caps11**: 1
- **goals11**: 0
- **years12**: 2001
- **clubs12**: Crawley Town F.C., Crawley Town
- **caps12**: 17
- **goals12**: 0
- **years13**: 2001
- **clubs13**: Brockenhurst F.C., Brockenhurst
- **caps13**: 3
- **goals13**: 0
- **years14**: 2001
- **clubs14**: Kingstonian F.C., Kingstonian
- **caps14**: 14
- **goals14**: 0
- **years16**: 2004
- **clubs16**: Weymouth F.C., Weymouth
- **caps16**: 3
- **goals16**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 169
- **totalgoals**: 1
- **youthclubs2**: Crystal Palace F.C., Crystal Palace
- **youthyears2**: 1988–1989
- **clubs15**: Lewes F.C., Lewes
- **years15**: 2001
- **caps15**: 3
- **goals15**: 0
Miklós Fehér

**Miklós Fehér** is a former Hungarian football player. He has played for Hungary national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="3"|Győri||rowspan="3"|Championship I||8||2
|-
|1996/97||29||8
|-
|1997/98||25||13

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Porto||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||5||0
|-
|1999/00||5||1
|-
|1999/00||Salgueiros||Portuguese Liga||14||5
|-
|2000/01||Braga||Portuguese Liga||26||14
|-
|2001/02||Porto||Portuguese Liga||0||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Benfica||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||16||4
|-
|2003/04||13||3
62||23
79||27
141||50
|}

## International career statistics

|-
!Total||25||7
|}
Moussa Hojeij

**Moussa Ali Hojeij** (; born 6 August 1974) is a Lebanese football manager and former player who is the head coach of Lebanese club Tadamon Sour. He was born to Lebanese Shia parents.

### Player

**Nejmeh**
- Lebanese Premier League: 1999–00, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2004–05
- Lebanese FA Cup: 1996–97, 1997–98, 2011–12
- Lebanese Elite Cup: 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005
- Lebanese Super Cup: 2000, 2002, 2004
- AFC Cup runner-up: 2005

**Mabarra**
- Lebanese FA Cup: 2007–08

**Individual**
- IFFHS All-time Lebanon Men's Dream Team
- Lebanese Premier League Best Player: 1999–2000, 2001–02
- Lebanese Premier League Fans' Best Player: 1998–99, 2000–01, 2002–03
- Lebanese Premier League Best Goal: 2002–03
- Lebanese Premier League Team of the Season: 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05

### Manager

**Shabab Sahel**
- Lebanese Challenge Cup: 2015

**Racing Beirut**
- Lebanese Challenge Cup: 2016

**Nejmeh**
- Lebanese FA Cup runner-up: 2020–21

**Individual**
- Lebanese Premier League Best Coach: 2011–12

## Related pages

- List of Lebanon international footballers

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Moussa Ali Hojeij
- **image**: 2020-21 Nejmeh vs Salam Zgharta 24 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Hojeij with Nejmeh SC, Nejmeh in 2020
- **fullname**: Moussa Ali Hojeij
- **birth place**: Chyah, Lebanon
- **height**: 1.74 m
- **position**: Attacking midfielder
- **currentclub**: Tadamon Sour SC, Tadamon Sour (head coach)
- **youthyears1**: 1993–1994
- **youthclubs1**: Nejmeh SC, Nejmeh
- **years1**: 1994–2006
- **clubs1**: Nejmeh SC, Nejmeh
- **goals1**: 75
- **years2**: 2006–2008
- **clubs2**: Al Mabarra Club, Mabarra
- **goals2**: 2
- **years3**: 2008–2009
- **clubs3**: Al Khoyol FC, Khoyol
- **years4**: 2009–2011
- **clubs4**: Shabab Al Sahel FC, Shabab Sahel
- **goals4**: 1
- **years5**: 2011–2013
- **clubs5**: Nejmeh SC, Nejmeh
- **caps5**: 30
- **goals5**: 4
- **totalcaps**: ?
- **totalgoals**: 82
- **nationalyears1**: 1996–2002
- **nationalteam1**: Lebanon national football team, Lebanon
- **nationalcaps1**: 39
- **nationalgoals1**: 6
- **manageryears1**: 2012–2014
- **managerclubs1**: Nejmeh SC, Nejmeh
- **manageryears2**: 2014
- **managerclubs2**: Al Nabi Chit SC, Nabi Chit
- **manageryears3**: 2015
- **managerclubs3**: Racing Club Beirut, Racing Beirut
- **manageryears4**: 2015–2016
- **managerclubs4**: Shabab Al Sahel FC, Shabab Sahel
- **manageryears5**: 2016–2017
- **managerclubs5**: Racing Club Beirut, Racing Beirut
- **manageryears6**: 2017
- **managerclubs6**: Al Ahed FC, Ahed
- **manageryears7**: 2017–2018
- **managerclubs7**: AC Tripoli, Tripoli
- **manageryears8**: 2018
- **managerclubs8**: Nejmeh SC, Nejmeh
- **manageryears9**: 2020–2021
- **managerclubs9**: Nejmeh SC, Nejmeh
- **manageryears10**: 2022
- **managerclubs10**: Nejmeh SC, Nejmeh
- **manageryears11**: 2023
- **managerclubs11**: Safa SC, Safa
- **manageryears12**: 2023–2024
- **managerclubs12**: Al Ahly SC Nabatieh,  Ahly Nabatieh
- **manageryears13**: 2024–
- **managerclubs13**: Tadamon Sour SC, Tadamon Sour
Reculver

**Reculver** is a small coastal town in Kent, South East England near Herne Bay and a few miles north of Canterbury. Its main features are the ruins of a Roman fort, a ruined medieval church which is constantly threatened by coastal erosion.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **static image**: St Marys Church Reculver Towers.jpg
- **static image caption**: The twin towers of St Mary's Church
- **static image alt**: Looking up at Reculver towers from close by on a sunny day
- **area total sq mi**: 2.79
- **country**: England
- **official name**: Reculver
- **label position**: top
- **population**: 135
- **civil parish**: Herne Bay, Kent, Herne Bay
- **shire district**: City of Canterbury
- **shire county**: Kent
- **region**: South East England
- **constituency westminster**: Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency), Canterbury
- **post town**: Canterbury, CANTERBURY
- **postcode district**: CT6
- **postcode area**: CT
- **dial code**: 01227
- **os grid reference**: TR2269
- **map type**: Kent UK
- **map alt**: A map showing Reculver on the north-eastern coast of Kent, in south-east England
Whitstable

**Whiststable** is a small seaside town in Kent, southeast England. It is a few miles north of Canterbury, near Herne Bay. The town is famous for its oysters which have been collected there since the Roman period.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Whitstable
- **population**: 30,195
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 Census)
- **shire district**: City of Canterbury
- **shire county**: Kent
- **region**: South East England
- **constituency westminster**: Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency), Canterbury
- **post town**: WHITSTABLE
- **postcode district**: CT5
- **postcode area**: CT
- **dial code**: 01227
- **os grid reference**: TR107667
Herne, Kent

**Herne** is a small historical village, near Herne Bay in Kent, South East England.

The hamlet of **Bullockstone** is about one mile to the west.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **static image**: Herne windmill.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Herne Windmill</small>
- **official name**: Herne
- **population**: 7325
- **population ref**: (parish)
- **civil parish**: Herne and Broomfield
- **shire district**: City of Canterbury
- **shire county**: Kent
- **region**: South East England
- **constituency westminster**: Canterbury (UK Parliament constituency), Canterbury
- **post town**: Canterbury, CANTERBURY
- **postcode district**: CT6
- **postcode area**: CT
- **dial code**: 01227
- **os grid reference**: TR181658
Pier

A **pier** is a raised walkway across water. It can be a simple light wooden structure which has no effect on the current and tides, or a major structure with buildings and as long as a mile out to sea. In the United States, these may be referred to as docks. A pier can be made of wood, concrete, or other materials.
CM Punk

**Phillip Jack Brooks** (born October 26, 1978), better known by his ring name **CM Punk**, is an American professional wrestler, actor and retired mixed martial artist. He is currently signed to WWE, where he works on their Raw brand and is the current World Heavyweight Champion is his second reign. He became known for his time in Ring Of Honor (ROH) from 2002 to 2006, his first run with the WWE from 2005 to 2014, and his time in All Elite Wrestling (AEW) from 2021 to 2023.

In WWE, he is credited as being "one of the longest-reigning WWE Champions of the modern era" and held the championship for 434 days in his second reign. He is also recognized as the seventh-longest reigning champion of all time. He was also a one-time ECW Champion, five-time World Heavyweight Champion (having won the current version twice and the old version three times), one-time World Tag Team Champion with Kofi Kingston, one-time Intercontinental Champion, Mr. Money in the Bank in 2008 and 2009, and won the Slammy Award for Superstar of the Year in 2011.

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: CM Punk
- **names**: **CM Punk**
- **image**: CM Punk RR25.jpg
- **caption**: Punk in 2025
- **height**: 188 cm
- **weight**: 99 kg
- **birth place**: Chicago, Oak Lawn, Illinois
- **billed**: Chicago, Illinois
- **trainer**: Ace Steel
Danny Dominion
Kevin Quinn
Dave Taylor (wrestler), Dave Taylor
Dave Finlay
William Regal
- **debut**: 1999
- **website**: [http://www.cmpunk.com/ CMPunk.com]
Van Halen

**Van Halen** was a hard rock group from Pasadena, California.  They were formed in 1972.  Guitarist Eddie Van Halen's style of playing changed the guitar world.  He used lots of new techniques such as shredding and tapping. They made history with their first self-titled debut album in 1978, producing 4 major hits. The band released twelve studio albums, which have sold 80 million records worldwide.

Eddie Van Halen died on October 6, 2020, from cancer. His son, bass guitarist Wolfgang Van Halen, confirmed that the band had broken up.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Van Halen
- **img**: Van Halen - Jump 2007-11-10.jpg
- **img alt**: Van Halen performing onstage: David Lee Roth is wearing a sea captain's outfit with his arms outstretched, Woflgang Van Halen is jumping in the air with his bass guitar, Eddie Van Halen is also jumping while playing guitar, and Alex Van Halen is behind them drumming
- **img capt**: David Lee Roth, Wolfgang Van Halen, Eddie Van Halen, and Alex Van Halen
- **img size**: 250
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Pasadena, California, United States
- **genre**: Hard rock, heavy metal music, heavy metal, glam metal
- **years active**: 1972–2020
- **label**: Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros., Interscope Records
- **associated acts**: Montrose (band), Montrose, The Other Half, Chickenfoot (band), Chickenfoot, Michael Anthony (musician), Mad Anthony Xpress, Extreme (band), Extreme, The David Lee Roth Band
- **current members**: Eddie Van Halen
Alex Van Halen
David Lee Roth
Wolfgang Van Halen
- **past members**: Mark Stone (musician), Mark Stone
Michael Anthony (musician), Michael Anthony
Sammy Hagar
Gary Cherone
Idealism

**Idealism** is the philosophy that believes the ultimate nature of reality is ideal, or based upon ideas, values, or essences. The external, or real world cannot be separated from consciousness, perception, mind, intellect and reason in the sense of science. The word comes from the Greek word ἰδέα.

In some doctrines of idealistic thought _the ideal_ relates to direct and immediate knowledge of subjective mental ideas, or images.
Empiricism

In philosophy, **empiricism** is a theory that states that all knowledge comes from experience.

'Experience' is sometimes translated as 'sense data', i.e. we cannot know anything except by information which comes through our senses.

The British philosophers John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume, clarified some of its basic ideas in the 17th and 18th century, building on the ideas of classical philosopher Aristotle.

Empiricism is one of several competing views about how we know things, part of the branch of philosophy called epistemology, or "study of knowledge". Materialism and physicalism share some of attitudes of empiricism.

## Related pages

- Blank slate
- History of philosophy
- Rationalism
Stoicism

**Stoicism** was a school of Hellenistic philosophy. It was founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early third century BC. It concerns the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom. This philosophy claims that it is virtuous to maintain a will (a determination, _prohairesis_) which is according to the participants "in accord with nature". The Stoics believed that the universe was ruled by reason, which they thought of as God being present in nature itself.

Stoic doctrine was popular in Greece and the Roman Empire from its founding until all the schools of philosophy were ordered closed in 529 AD by the Emperor Justinian I, who thought their pagan character was at odds with his Christian faith.

## Stoic philosophers

- Antipater of Tarsus (210 BC129 BC)
- Cato the Younger (Uticensis 94 BC46 BC)
- Chrysippus (280 BC204 BC)
- Cleanthes (of Assos), (330 BC232 BC)
- Diodotus, (~120 BC59 BC), teacher of Cicero
- Diogenes of Babylon (230 BC150 BC)
- Epictetus (55 AD135 AD)
- Hierocles (2nd century AD)
- Marcus Aurelius (121 AD180 AD)
- Musonius Rufus (25 AD100AD)
- Panaetius of Rhodes (185 BC109 BC)
- Posidonius of Apameia (~135 BC51 BC)
- Seneca (4 BC65 AD)
    - Contemporaries: Musonius Rufus, Rubellius Plautus, Thrasea Paetus
- Zeno of Citium (332 BC262 BC), founder of Stoicism
    - Contemporaries: Aristo of Chios, pupil of Zeno; Herillus of Carthage
William Godwin

**William Godwin** (3 March 1756 – 7 April 1836) was an English journalist, political philosopher and novelist. He is considered one of the first exponents of utilitarianism, and one of the first modern proponents of philosophical anarchism. Godwin is famous for two books that he published within the space of a year: _An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice_, an attack on political institutions, and _Things as They Are or The Adventures of Caleb Williams_, which attacks aristocratic privilege, but also is virtually the first mystery novel. He was also married to Mary Wollstonecraft, with whom he had two children.

## Major works

- _Enquiry concerning Political Justice, and its Influence on General Virtue and Happiness_ (1793)
- _Things as They Are or The Adventures of Caleb Williams_ (1794)
- _The Enquirer_ (1797)
- _Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman_ (1798)
- _St. Leon_ (1799)
- _Fleetwood_ (1805)
- _Mandeville_ (1817)
- _History of the Commonwealth_ (1824-28)

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: William Godwin
- **image**: WilliamGodwin.jpg
- **birth place**: Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **occupation**: Journalist, Political philosophy, Political philosopher, novelist
Rose garden

A **Rose garden** or **Rosarium** is a garden or park, often open to the public, in which roses are grown. While some rose gardens have only a decorative purpose, most of them are used to present and grow various types of roses.

The first known rose garden was planted by French empress Joséphine de Beauharnais in Malmaison. When she died, in 1814, the garden had around 250 types of garden roses. Another old rose garden is the Rosenhöhe Park in Darmstadt, Germany created in 1810 by Princess Wilhelmine of Baden

Growing roses for commercial purposes started in the 19th century. The important rose gardens created for commercial rose breeding were:

- "Roseraie du Val-de-Marne" in L'Haÿ-les-Roses, France
- "Dolná Krupá rosarium in Austria-Hungary (now Slovakia
- "Europa-Rosarium in Sangerhausen, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

## References

- _Jardins de roses_, André Gayraud, éditions du Chêne,
- _Roseraies et jardins de roses_, H. Fuchs in _Le Bon jardinier, encyclopédie horticole_, tome 1, La Maison rustique, Paris, 1964, .