juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dancing plague of 1518

The **dancing plague of 1518** or **dance epidemic of 1518** (; ), was a massive case of dancing mania that happened in Strasbourg, Alsace (now modern-day France), in the Holy Roman Empire. In July of 1518, somewhere between 50 and 400 people took to dancing for days.

The outbreak began in July 1518 when one woman began to dance randomly in a street in Strasbourg. Some sources claim that, for a short time, the plague killed around fifteen people per day, mainly due to exhaustion from uncontrollable dancing. However, the sources of the city of Strasbourg at the time of the events did not mention the number of deaths, or even if there were any deaths. All evidence points to mass hysteria caused by people seeing the first woman dance.

### Food poisoning

Some people believe that the dancing was caused by food poisoning. This poisoning comes from ergot fungi (ergotism), which often grows on grains like rye used to make bread. Ergotamine is the main chemical in the fungus that affects the mind. It is chemically similar to the drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) and was used to make LSD-25 for the first time. This same fungus may have caused other strange events in history, such as the Salem witch trials.

Writing in _The Lancet_, John Waller says this theory is likely wrong. He argues that people poisoned by ergot probably could not dance for several days in a row. He also says that different people would not all react to the chemicals in the same way. Finally, the ergot theory does not explain why almost every outbreak happened near the Rhine and Moselle rivers. These areas were connected by water, but they had different climates and grew different crops.

### Stress-induced mass hysteria

The dancing may have been a case of mass psychogenic illness (also known as mass hysteria). This happens when many people suddenly start acting in the same strange way. This behavior spreads quickly like an epidemic. This could have been caused by very high levels of psychological stress. At the time, the people of Alsace were suffering through very difficult and cruel years.

Waller suggests the dancing was "stress-induced psychosis" on a large scale. The region where people danced was suffering from hunger and disease, and the people were often superstitious. Seven other cases of dancing plague were reported in the same area during the medieval era.

This illness could have caused chorea (from the Greek word _khoreia_, meaning "to dance"). This is a condition where a person makes random, jerky movements they cannot control. In the Middle Ages, different types of choreas (such as St. Vitus' dance or St. John's dance) were the names given to these "dancing mania" outbreaks in Europe, especially during the time of the plague.

## Related pages

- Mass hysteria
Jeffrey Epstein: Filthy Rich

***Jeffrey Epstein: Filthy Rich*** is an American television miniseries about convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The miniseries is based on the 2016 book of the same name by James Patterson, and co-written by John Connolly and Tim Malloy. _Filthy Rich_ was released on May 27, 2020.

_Filthy Rich_ tells a stories of the survivors of Jeffrey Epstein, and how he used his money and power to do these crimes.

The trailer for the first season was released on May 13, 2020.
HBO Max

This article is about a streaming service from HBO. For a Boardcasting Network for Movies, See HBO Plus

**HBO Max** (formerly **Max**) is a subscription video on demand streaming service from WarnerMedia Entertainment. It is part of AT&T's WarnerMedia. The service was originally launched on May 27, 2020 and relaunched on July 9, 2025.

HBO Max is based on WarnerMedia's HBO premium TV service. It includes all of its programming including movies and television shows made by Warner Bros., as well as television channels that it owns such as CNN, Cartoon Network, TBS, and Turner Classic Movies (TCM).

In mid-to-late 2023, HBO Max started rebranding to the name "Max" (stylized as "max"). Many people did not like this change, and Max began losing subscribers.

On May 14, 2025, it was announced that the HBO Max branding would return. This happened on July 9, 2025.

Until 2022,  HBO Max had a deal with Disney to share rights for movies from 20th Century Studios and Searchlight Pictures with Disney+ and Hulu in the first pay TV window after theatrical release.

In 2024, HBO Max became available as part of a bundle with Hulu and Disney+.

In 2025, HBO Max bought the first-run rights to show Canadian series _Heated Rivalry_ and saw high viewership for it, but it was not involved financially or creatively with the production.

In 2026, HBO Max renewed a 2023 deal to show movies from studio A24 in the first pay tv window.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: HBO Max
- **logo**: HBO_Max_(2025).svg
- **former names**: HBO Max (2020-2023)
Max (2023–2025)
- **replace**: Max (2023-2025)
- **caption**: HBO Max logo in 2025
- **type**: Over-the-top media service, OTT video streaming platform
- **predecessor**: HBO Go (U.S. only)
HBO Now
DC Universe (streaming service), DC Universe
- **area served**: Caribbean, Latin America, United States, and parts of Europe and Asia-Pacific
- **key people**: Casey Bloys (Chief Content Officer)
Andy Forssell (head of business operations)
- **owner**: AT&T
- **parent**: Home Box Office, Inc.
- **on demand**: HBO Max on Demand
- **users**: 🔺44.2 million
()
- **headquarters**: New York City
- **current status**: Active
New Albany, Ohio

**New Albany** is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio, located  northeast of the state capital of Columbus. Most of the city is located in Franklin County. New Albany had a population of 10,825 in 2020.
Les Wexner

**Leslie Herbert Wexner** (born September 8, 1937) is an American billionaire businessman. He is the founder and chairman emeritus of L Brands (formerly Limited Brands). He retired in February 2020.

On February 10, 2026, U.S. Congressman Ro Khanna spoke on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives and announced the names of six important men in the Epstein files. Khanna named Wexner as one of Jeffrey Epstein's possible co-conspirator by the FBI.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Les Wexner
- **image**: Leslie Wexner receives woodrow wilson award (cropped).JPG
- **caption**: Wexner in 2004
- **other names**: "The Merlin of the Mall"
- **birth name**: Leslie Herbert Wexner
- **birth place**: Dayton, Ohio, Dayton, Ohio, U.S.
- **occupation**: Chairman Emeritus of L Brands
- **known for**: Founder of The Limited, former owner of Victoria's Secret
- **networth**: United States dollar, US$4.0 1,000,000,000 (number), billion (March 2020)
- **spouse**: Abigail S. Wexner (m. 1993)
- **children**: 4
- **nationality**: American
- **alma mater**: Ohio State University 1959
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican (before 2018)
Independent politician, Independent (since 2018)
Robert Maxwell

**Ian Robert Maxwell**  (born **Ján Ludvík Hyman Binyamin Hoch**; 10 June 1923 – 5 November 1991), was a British media proprietor, Member of Parliament (MP), and fraudster. He was known for his publishing companies.

After his death, huge difference in numbers in his companies' finances were revealed, including his fraudulent actions on Mirror Group pension fund.

In 1991, his body was discovered floating in the Atlantic Ocean, having fallen overboard from his yacht. He was buried in Jerusalem.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Robert Maxwell
- **honorific suffix**: Military Cross, MC
- **image**: File:Robert_Maxwell_1989.jpg
- **caption**: Maxwell at the Global Economic Panel in Amsterdam (1989)
- **constituency mp**: Buckingham (UK Parliament constituency), Buckingham
- **term start**: 15 October 1964
- **term end**: 18 June 1970
- **predecessor**: Frank Markham
- **successor**: William Benyon
- **birthname**: Ján Ludvík Hyman Binyamin Hoch
- **birth place**: Slatinské Doly, First Czechoslovak Republic, Czechoslovakia (now Solotvyno, Ukraine)
- **death date**: (aged 68)
- **death place**: Sea around Canary Islands
- **resting place**: Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery, Jerusalem
- **citizenship**: Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovak
British nationality law, British (since 1946)
- **party**: Labour Party (UK), Labour
- **occupation**: Publisher, media proprietor
- **children**: 9, including Christine Maxwell, Christine, Isabel Maxwell, Isabel, Ian Maxwell, Ian, Kevin Maxwell, Kevin and Ghislaine Maxwell, Ghislaine
- **allegiance**: Czechoslovakia
United Kingdom
- **serviceyears**: 1940–1945
- **rank**: Captain (British Army and Royal Marines), Captain
- **mawards**: Military Cross
- **branch**: Czechoslovak Army (in-exile)
British Army
- **battles**: World War II
The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant

***The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant*** () is a 1972 West German drama movie directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder and based on his own play. It stars Margit Carstensen, Irm Hermann, Hanna Schygulla, Eva Mattes, Gisela Fackeldey and was distributed by New Yorker Films.
Tangerines

***Tangerines*** ( _Mandarinebi_, ) is a 2013 Estonian Georgian movie directed by Zaza Urushadze and starring Lembit Ulfsak, Giorgi Nakashidze, Elmo Nüganen, Mikheil Meskhi. It was distributed by Samuel Goldwyn Films and was nominated for an Academy Award in 2015.
Here Comes the Dawn

***Here Comes the Down*** is a 1998 Georgian drama movie directed by Zaza Urushadze and starring Zura Begalishvili, Nino Koberidze. It was distributed Qartuli Pilmi.
Noored kotkad

***Noored kotkad***, also known as ***Young Eagles***, is a 1927 Estonian adventure movie directed by Theodor Luts and starring Ruut Tarmo, Amalie Konsa, Aksella Luts. It was distributed by Taska Film.
Pay Me!

***Pay Me!*** is a 1917 American drama movie directed by Joe De Grasse and starring Lon Chaney, Sr., William Clifford, Dorothy Phillips, Claire Du Brey, Evelyn Selbie. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.
When Lincoln Paid

***When Lincoln Paid*** is a 1913 American drama movie directed by Francis Ford (who also stars) and starring Jack Conway, Ethel Grandin, Charles Edler. It was distributed by Mutual Film.
Seven Sinners (1925 movie)

***Seven Sinners*** is a 1925 American mystery comedy movie directed by first time director Lewis Milestone and starring Clive Brook, Marie Prevost, Heinie Conklin, Claude Gillingwater. It was distributed by Warner Bros..
Pat Kilbane

**Patrick F.** "**Pat**" **Kilbane** (born November 5, 1969) is an American actor, comedian, and screenwriter. He is best known for his three seasons as a cast member on _MADtv_ (1997–2000), as well his memorable appearance in the 1996 _"The Bizarro Jerry"_ episode of _Seinfeld_, in which he played Bizarro Kramer. Kilbane's first book, _The Brain Eater's Bible: Sound Advice for the Newly Reanimated Zombie_, was released on March 18, 2011. He was born in Lakewood, Ohio.

## Other websites

- Official website
Barrow Wake

**Barrow Wake** is a scenic view in Gloucestershire, near Birdlip, England.

It is a beautiful area.  It has been, however, subject to reports of particular anti-social use.

Barrow Wake was as the location for the music video "Wytches" by Pagan Rock Band Inkubus Sukkubus in December 1993.

Inkubus Sukkubus also released an album titled "Barrow Wake - Tales of Witchcraft & Wonder Volume 1", The Album features the title track "Barrow Wake", which is written about Barrow Wake.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **static image**: The Cotswold Way at Barrow Wake (geograph 4742771).jpg
- **static image caption**: The Cotswold Way at Barrow Wake
- **official name**: Barrow Wake
- **shire county**: Gloucestershire
- **region**: South West England
- **os grid reference**: SO9215
Quest For Fire

***Quest For Fire*** () is a 1981 Canadian French adventure movie directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud and starring Ron Perlman, Everett McGill, Rae Down Chong, Nameer El-Kadi. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and won an Academy Award in 1983.
Kemp's ridley sea turtle

**Kemp's ridley sea turtle** (_Lepidochelys kempii_), also called the **Atlantic ridley sea turtle**. is the rarest species of sea turtle and is critically endangered.

It is one of two living species in the genus _Lepidochelys_ (the other one being _L. olivacea_, the olive ridley sea turtle).
Oryukdo

**Oryukdo** is an archipelago that is  southeast of the Uam Peninsula in Busan, South Korea. It is one of the symbols of Busan.

In the order close to the land, there are six islands: Shield Island, Pine tree Island, Suri Island, Awl Island, Oyster Island, and Lighthouse Island. In the past, Shield Island and Pine tree Island, which were connected to Haesik Island, were collectively called Usakdo Island, but in 2011, they were organized under the name of the uninhabited island.
Robert Stanley Weir

**Robert Stanley Weir** (November 15, 1856 – August 20, 1926) was a Canadian judge and poet. He is best known for creating the Canadian national anthem, O Canada.
Anan Ameri

**Anan Ameri ** is an American museum director and writer. She won a Palestine Book Award. The Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services named her 2020 Arab American of the Year. In 2005, _The Detroit News_ named her Michiganian of the Year.

## Life

She was born in Damascus. She studied at Wayne State University.

She was founding Director of the Palestine Aid Society of America. She was founding director of the Arab American National Museum.

## Works

- _The Scent of Jasmine_ Interlink Books. May 2017.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Anan Ameri
- **birth place**: Palestine
- **alma mater**: University of Jordan,
 Cairo University,
 Wayne State University
- **genre**: non-fiction, memoir
Term limits in the United States

**Term limits in the United States** refers to the limits imposed on the amount of time an official may serve in a particular position.

## Gubernatorial Term limits

In Virginia, the governor cannot serve consecutive terms, though the total amount of time one can serve as governor has no limit.

In Arkansas, California, Delaware, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, North Dakota, and Oklahoma, the governor is limited to two terms in total (consecutive or nonconsecutive).

In Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, and West Virginia, the governor cannot serve more than 2 consecutive terms at a time.

In Indiana, Oregon, and Wyoming, the governor cannot serve more than 8 out of any 12 years.

In Montana, the governor cannot serve more than 8 out of any 16 years.

In New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Texas, Utah, Washington and Wisconsin the governor can serve for an unlimited amount of time with no restriction of any kind.
Sonic the Hedgehog (2006 video game)

***Sonic the Hedgehog*** (commonly known as ***Sonic '06***) is a 3D platform game. It was released in 2006 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It was originally meant to be a reboot of the _Sonic the Hedgehog_ series.

## Reception

The game is considered one of the worst _Sonic the Hedgehog_ games of all time. It is notorious for having lots of glitches and long loading times.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Sonic the Hedgehog
- **image**: Sonic The Hedgehog logo (2006).png
- **alt**: The box art of _Sonic the Hedgehog_, depicting the titular character running in the kingdom of Soleanna. The game's logo is shown in the middle of the box.
- **developer**: Sonic Team
- **publisher**: Sega
- **series**: _Sonic the Hedgehog_
- **released**: **Xbox 360****PlayStation 3**
- **genre**: Platform game, Platform, action-adventure game, action-adventure
- **modes**: Single-player, multiplayer
- **director**: Shun Nakamura
- **producer**: Masahiro Kumono
- **artist**: Akira Mikame
- **caption**: Logo used for all regions
Charles W. Bryan

**Charles Wayland Bryan** (1867-1945, D-NE) was a relative of Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan and was the governor of Nebraska. He also served as mayor of Lincoln from 1915 to 1917. While serving in this position he set up a municipal coal plant that reduced the price of coal. This also earned a profit for Lincoln. He also set up a free legal-aid department and free employment service, and sued a gas company and won lower rates. In addition, he drove all gambling devices out of town.

The offices of health officer and city physician were also consolidated under one head, “to insure prompt medical attention to people financially unable to employ a physician.” Another reform, as noted by one journal, included the “Employment of visiting nurse by city for benefit of needy.” A woman’s ward in city jail was built as “a humanitarian necessity” and the people of Lincoln were given an opportunity “to purchase as an investment over the city treasurer’s counter, paving bonds issued by this municipality.” A milk ordinance was also enforced to safeguard public health. The city park was also extended “to within walking distance of the labouring people of the city.” In addition, when Bryan won nomination as governor he agitated for a municipal food market and ice and gas plants.

He was also nominated by the Democratic Party to serve as the vice-presidential nominee in 1924.
Quetzaltenango Department

**Quetzaltenango** is a department in Guatemala. The capital is the city of Quetzaltenango.

## Municipalities

1. Almolonga
1. Cabricán
1. Cajolá
1. Cantel
1. Coatepeque
1. Colomba
1. Concepción Chiquirichapa
1. El Palmar
1. Flores Costa Cuca
1. Génova
1. Huitán
1. La Esperanza
1. Olintepeque
1. Palestina de Los Altos
1. Quetzaltenango
1. Salcajá
1. San Carlos Sija
1. San Francisco La Unión
1. San Juan Ostuncalco
1. San Martín Sacatepéquez
1. San Mateo
1. San Miguel Sigüilá
1. Sibilia
1. Zunil
Retalhuleu Department

**Retalhuleu** is a department in Guatemala. The capital is the city of Retalhuleu.

## Municipalities

1. Champerico
1. El Asintal
1. Nuevo San Carlos
1. Retalhuleu
1. San Andrés Villa Seca
1. San Felipe
1. San Martín Zapotitlán
1. San Sebastián
1. Santa Cruz Muluá
Bob Andras

**Robert Knight "Bob" Andras**  (21 February 1921 – 17 November 1982) was a Canadian politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada from 1965 to 1980. He was a part of the Liberal Party during this time. He represented two electoral areas in Ontario. They were Port Arthur and Thunder Bay—Nipigon. Andras was from Lachine, Quebec. He moved to Port Arthur, Ontario to work in a car dealership.

As a politician, Andras was a part of the cabinet of Canada many different times. Most of the time, this was when Pierre Trudeau was the Prime Minister. He was Minister without Portfolio from 1968 to 1971, Minister of State for Urban Affairs from 1971 to 1972, the Minister of Status of Women from 1971 to 1974, Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs in 1972, Minister of Manpower and Immigration from 1972 to 1976, President of the Treasury Board from 1976 to 1978, and Minister of State for Economic Development from 1978 to 1979. For the 1980 federal election, he said he wouldn't try to be elected again.

One of the most important things Andras did was help the _Immigration Act, 1976_ become a law. This was when he was the Minister of Manpower and Immigration. The law replaced the _Immigration Act of 1952_. The law made sure that there was a minimum amount of immigrants Canada let in, and that immigrants would be let in without discriminating on their ethnicity, gender, or country they came from. Andras also tried to work with Jean Chrétien to help with making public policy of the First Nations people.

Andras died on 17 November 1982 in Vancouver, British Columbia. This is after he fought cancer for a year.
Stephen F. Austin High School (Fort Bend County, Texas)

**Stephen F. Austin High School** is a high school in Sugar Land, Texas.
Sacatepéquez Department

**Sacatepéquez** is a department in Guatemala. The capital is Antigua Guatemala.

## Municipalities

1. Alotenango
1. Antigua Guatemala
1. Ciudad Vieja
1. Jocotenango
1. Magdalena Milpas Altas
1. Pastores
1. San Antonio Aguas Calientes
1. San Bartolomé Milpas Altas
1. San Lucas Sacatepéquez
1. San Miguel Dueñas
1. Santiago Sacatepéquez
1. Santa Catarina Barahona
1. Santa Lucía Milpas Altas
1. Santa María de Jesús
1. Santo Domingo Xenacoj
1. Sumpango
Santa Rosa Department, Guatemala

**Santa Rosa** is a department in Guatemala. The capital is Cuilapa.

## Municipalities

1. Barberena
1. Casillas
1. Chiquimulilla
1. Cuilapa
1. Guazacapán
1. Nueva Santa Rosa
1. Oratorio
1. Pueblo Nuevo Viñas
1. San Juan Tecuaco
1. San Rafael Las Flores
1. Santa Cruz Naranjo
1. Santa María Ixhuatán
1. Santa Rosa de Lima
1. Taxisco
Emanuel County, Georgia

**Emanuel County** is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, 22,768 people lived there. The county seat is Swainsboro.
Aberdeen, Mississippi

**Aberdeen** is a city in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the county seat of Monroe County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Aberdeen, Mississippi
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: "A Great Place To Live, Work And Play"
- **image skyline**: Aberdeen City Hall.jpg
- **image caption**: Aberdeen City Hall (early 20th century)
- **image flag**: Flag of Aberdeen, Mississippi.svg
- **image map**: Monroe_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Aberdeen_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Aberdeen, Mississippi
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Mississippi
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Mississippi, County
- **subdivision name2**: Monroe County, Mississippi, Monroe
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 32.04
- **area land km2**: 31.31
- **area water km2**: 0.73
- **area total sq mi**: 12.37
- **area land sq mi**: 12.09
- **area water sq mi**: 0.28
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 4961
- **population density km2**: 158.43
- **population density sq mi**: 410.34
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 73
- **elevation ft**: 240
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 39730
- **area code**: Area code 662, 662
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 28-00180
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 666129
- **website**: http://cityofaberdeenms.com/
Ackerman, Mississippi

**Ackerman** is a town in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the county seat of Choctaw County.
Ashland, Mississippi

**Ashland** is a town in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the county seat of Benton County.
Pirates (1986 movie)

***Pirates*** is a 1986 French-Tunisian adventure comedy movie directed by Roman Polanski and starring Walter Matthau, Charlotte Lewis, Roy Kinnear, Roger Ashton-Griffiths, Damien Thomas, Olu Jacobs, Ferdy Mayne. It was distributed by Cannon Films and was a box office bomb. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1987.
Heidenlöcher

***Heidenlöcher*** is a 1986 Austrian–West German drama movie directed by Wolfram Paulus. It starred Albert Paulus, Rolf Zacher, Florian Pircher, Helmut Vogel, Matthias Aichhorn.
Elizabeth Fitzgerald Stemke

**Elizabeth Fitzgerald Stemke**  (born July 15, 1980)  is an American volleyball player and coach.
She was a member of the United States women's national volleyball team.
She participated at the 2002 Women's Volleyball World Championships and 2003 Pan-American Games.

## Life

She graduated from University of Wisconsin. She coached for University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Elizabeth Fitzgerald Stemke
- **birth name**: Elizabeth Fitzgerald
- **nationality**: American
- **alma mater**: University of Wisconsin.
- **height**: 1.83 m
- **weight**: 66 kg
Hugh Parmer

**Hugh Quay Parmer** (August 3, 1939 – May 27, 2020) was an American lawyer, businessman and Democratic politician. He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives from 1963 to 1965. He was later a member of the Texas Senate from 1983 to 1991. Between 1977 to 1979, he was Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas.

Parmer died in Fort Worth on May 27, 2020 at the age of 80.
George Floyd protests

The **George Floyd protests** were a series of protests and riots that started in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, Minnesota, United States. Unrest began in Minneapolis on May 26, 2020, after the murder of George Floyd and continued until early 2022. Floyd died while being arrested by officers of the Minneapolis Police Department on May 25. Protests spread to many cities in the United States, and later the world.

Some of the protesters at the police's Third Precinct building fought with law enforcement officers, who fired tear gas and rubber bullets. Additionally, the Third Precinct's windows were smashed. A supermarket was looted, and other buildings were attacked and set on fire. At least thirteen people were killed because of the protests, but overall, most of the protests were peaceful. According to a September 2020 report by the U.S. Crisis Monitor, almost 95% of all protests were nonviolent.

## Infobox (civil conflict)

- **title**: George Floyd protests
- **partof**: the Black Lives Matter movement
- **date**: In whole of the United States: May 26, 2020 – May 26, 2021 ()
---
Minneapolis–Saint Paul: May 26, 2020 – May 2, 2023 ()
- **casualties label**: Deaths, arrests and damages
- **arrests**: 14,000+
- **place**: United States
(Other cities worldwide in solidarity)
- **causes**: *Murder of George Floyd while being arrested by Minneapolis Police Department, Minneapolis Police
*Police brutality
*Racial profiling
*Lack of police accountability
*Economic, social, and racial inequality
- **methods**: Protests, Demonstration (people), demonstrations, civil disobedience, civil resistance, online activism, strike action, riots
- **result**: * List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests, Budget cuts and reforms for several police departments approved in several cities
* Plans to disband the Minneapolis Police Department announced; provision for a city charter amendment passed by the Minneapolis City Council
* Referendum on city charter amendment revision originally announced for 2020 United States elections, November 2020, but would later be postponed
* 2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States, Federal forces began to be deployed in June 2020
* Operation Legend began in July 2020
* Continued 2020–2021 United States racial unrest, nationwide protests over racial and economic inequality, centering on broad social issues including police brutality
- **fatalities**: 19+ (May 26June 8, 2020)
Yogesh (lyricist)

**Yogesh Gaur**, commonly credited as **Yogesh**, (March 19, 1943 – May 29, 2020) was an Indian writer and lyricist. He worked in Bollywood and was best known for composing the music scores for _Anand.

Yogesh died on May 29, 2020 in Mumbai at the age of 77.

## Other websites

- Interview of Yogesh _Screen''
Ernest W. Gibson III

**Ernest W. Gibson III** (September 23, 1927 – May 17, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician. Gibson was a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1961 to 1963. He was an Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1983 to 1997. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Gibson was born in Brattleboro, Vermont. His father was Governor Ernest W. Gibson Jr.. His grandfather was United States Senator Ernest Willard Gibson.

Gibson died at his home in Northfield, Vermont on May 17, 2020 at the age of 92.
Northfield, Vermont

**Northfield** is a town in Washington County, Vermont, United States. It has the village of Northfield, where over half of the population lives. The town's total population was 5,918 at the 2020 census.
Northfield (village), Vermont

**Northfield** was a village in the town of Northfield in Washington County, Vermont, United States.  The population was 2,101 at the 2010 census.

In 2014, the village merged with the town.
Ernest W. Gibson Jr.

**Ernest William Gibson Jr.** (March 6, 1901 – November 4, 1969) was an American politician, lawyer and judge. From 1940 to 1941, he was made United States Senator after the death of his father Ernest Willard Gibson. From 1947 to 1950, he was Governor of Vermont. In 1949, President Harry S. Truman made him Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont.

Gibson died in Brattleboro, Vermont on November 4, 1969 at the age of 68.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ernest W. Gibson Jr.
- **image**: Ernest W. Gibson Jr..jpg
- **office**: Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont
- **term start**: 1966
- **term end**: 1969
- **predecessor**: _Office established_
- **successor**: Bernard Joseph Leddy
- **office1**: Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Vermont
- **term start1**: October 18, 1949
- **term end1**: November 4, 1969
- **appointer1**: Harry S. Truman
- **predecessor1**: James Patrick Leamy
- **successor1**: James L. Oakes
- **order2**: 67th
- **office2**: Governor of Vermont
- **term start2**: January 9, 1947
- **term end2**: January 16, 1950
- **lieutenant2**: Lee E. Emerson
Harold J. Arthur
- **predecessor2**: Mortimer R. Proctor
- **successor2**: Harold J. Arthur
- **jr/sr3**: United States Senator
- **state3**: Vermont
- **term start3**: June 24, 1940
- **term end3**: January 3, 1941
- **appointer3**: George Aiken
- **predecessor3**: Ernest Willard Gibson
- **successor3**: George Aiken
- **office4**: Secretary of the Vermont State Senate
- **term start4**: February 2, 1933
- **term end4**: January 7, 1941
- **predecessor4**: Murdock A. Campbell
- **successor4**: Willsie E. Brisbin
- **office5**: State's Attorney of Windham County, Vermont
- **term start5**: February 1, 1929
- **term end5**: January 1, 1933
- **predecessor5**: Roger A. Brackett
- **successor5**: Ralph E. Edwards
- **birth name**: Ernest William Gibson Jr.
- **birth place**: Brattleboro, Vermont, Brattleboro, Vermont, U.S.
- **death place**: Brattleboro, Vermont, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 4 (including Ernest W. Gibson III)
- **spouse**: Dorothy P. Switzer (m. 1926-1958, her death)
Ann H. Haag (m. 1961-1969, his death)
- **parents**: Ernest Willard Gibson, Ernest W. Gibson
Grace Fullerton (Hadley) Gibson
- **education**: Norwich University
George Washington University Law School,
Law School
- **profession**: Attorney
- **branch**:
United States Army Reserve
Vermont Army National Guard, Vermont National Guard
- **serviceyears**: 1922–1945
- **rank**:  Colonel (United States), Colonel
- **unit**: 43rd Infantry Division (United States), 43rd Infantry Division
- **battles**: World War II
- **mawards**: Silver Star
Legion of Merit
Purple Heart
Ernest Willard Gibson

**Ernest Willard Gibson** (December 29, 1872June 20, 1940) was an American politician and lawyer. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Vermont between 1923 and 1933. He was a United States Senator from 1933 until his death in 1940. His son, Ernest W. Gibson Jr. replaced him.

## Other websites

- Biographical Directory of the United States Congress: GIBSON, Ernest Willard, (1872 - 1940)
- The Political Graveyard: Gibson, Ernest Willard (1872-1940)
- Govtrack.us: Sen. Ernest Gibson
- (Gibson gave the dedicatory address; he can be seen at the 49 second mark seated third from the left in the foreground.)

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ernest Willard Gibson
- **image**: Ernest W. Gibson.jpg
- **jr/sr1**: United States Senator
- **state1**: Vermont
- **term start1**: November 21, 1933
- **term end1**: June 20, 1940
- **predecessor1**: Porter H. Dale
- **successor1**: Ernest W. Gibson Jr.
- **state2**: Vermont
- **district2**: Vermont's at-large congressional district, At-large
- **term start2**: March 4, 1933
- **term end2**: October 19, 1933
- **preceded2**: None (new district)
- **succeeded2**: Charles Albert Plumley, Charles A. Plumley
- **state3**: Vermont
- **district3**: Vermont's 2nd congressional district, 2nd
- **term start3**: November 6, 1923
- **term end3**: March 3, 1933
- **preceded3**: Porter H. Dale
- **succeeded3**: None (district eliminated)
- **office4**: President pro tempore of the Vermont Senate
- **term start4**: 1908
- **term end4**: 1910
- **predecessor4**: William J. Van Patten
- **successor4**: Max L. Powell
- **office5**: Member of the Vermont Senate from Windham County, Vermont, Windham County
- **term start5**: 1908
- **term end5**: 1910
- **alongside5**: George H. Gorham
- **predecessor5**: Charles S. Chase, Brigham T. Phelps
- **successor5**: Edwin P. Adams, Edgar M. Butler
- **office6**: Judge of the Brattleboro, Vermont Municipal Court
- **term start6**: December 20, 1906
- **term end6**: December 1, 1910
- **predecessor6**: None (position created)
- **successor6**: Kittredge Haskins
- **office7**: Member of the Vermont House of Representatives from Brattleboro, Vermont, Brattleboro
- **term start7**: 1906
- **term end7**: 1908
- **predecessor7**: Clarke C. Fitts
- **successor7**: Herbert G. Barber
- **birth name**: Ernest Willard Gibson
- **birth place**: Londonderry, Vermont, Londonderry, Vermont, U.S.
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 4, including Ernest W. Gibson Jr.
- **profession**: Attorneys in the United States, Lawyer
- **alma mater**: Norwich University (Bachelor of Science, B.S., Master of Arts, M.A.)
University of Michigan Law School
- **allegiance**: United States
- **branch**: Vermont National Guard
United States Army
- **rank**: Colonel (United States), Colonel
- **battles**: Pancho Villa Expedition
World War I
- **serviceyears**: 1899-1908
1915-1923
- **spouse**: Grace Fullerton Hadley
Londonderry, Vermont

**Londonderry** is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States. It is bounded on the north by Landgrove and Weston. The population was 1,919 in the 2020 census.
Londonderry also includes the village of South Londonderry.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Londonderry, Vermont
- **settlement type**: New England town, Town
- **image skyline**: Londonderry Vermont October 2021 004.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image alt**: Aerial view of Londonderry
- **image map**: londonderry_vt_highlight.png
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Londonderry, Vermont
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **pushpin label**: Londonderry
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Vermont
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Vermont, County
- **subdivision name2**: Windham County, Vermont, Windham
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 92.8
- **area land km2**: 91.5
- **area water km2**: 1.3
- **area total sq mi**: 35.8
- **area land sq mi**: 35.3
- **area water sq mi**: 0.5
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 1919
- **population density sq mi**: 54.3
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 584
- **elevation ft**: 1916
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 05148
- **area code**: Area code 802, 802
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 50-40225
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1462136
- **website**: [http://www.londonderryvt.org/ www.londonderryvt.org]
Gracia Barrios

**Gracia Barrios Rivadeneira** (27 June 1927 – 28 May 2020) was a Chilean painter. She was born in Santiago de Chile. She was the winner of the 2011 National Prize for Plastic Arts. Her husband, José Balmes, was also an artist.

After the 1973 Chilean coup d'état, the artist went into exile in France along with her husband and daughter.

Her works "human activity in everyday life". Some of the themes she tackled in her paintings were war, indigence, and exile. In addition to using oil and acrylic paints, she experimented with natural elements such as earth and clay.

Barrios died on 28 May 2020 from lung disease at a hospital in Santiago, aged 92.
José Balmes

**José Balmes Parramón** (20 January 1927 – 28 August 2016) was a Spanish-born Chilean. He received Chile's National Prize for Plastic Arts in 1999. He was the husband of artist Gracia Barrios. He was born in Montesquiu, Spain.

Balmes died on 28 August 2016 at a hospital in Santiago de Chile from pneumonia-related problems, aged 89.
Charlie Monttana

**Carlos César Sánchez Hernández** (November 6, 1961 – May 28, 2020), known professionally as **Charlie Monttana**, was a Mexican rock urbano musician and singer-songwriter. He was born in Mexico City.

Sánchez began his career as a singer in Mexico City's rock urbano scene in the 1980s. After that invited by Rodolfo León "León Vago" he joined Vago. In 1987 he was invited by musician Toshiro Midori to be the vocalist of Mara. In 1989 he separated from Mara.

In 1992 Monttana launched his solo career releasing hits such as "Vaquero Rocanrolero" (Rock And Roll Cowboy), "Por Qué El Amor Apesta" ("Why Love Stinks") and "Mi Terrible Soledad" ("My Terrible Loneliness"), among others. He was also a philanthropist.

Monttana died of a heart attack caused by a heatstroke on May 28, 2020 at the age of 58.
Betsy Price

** Barbara Elizabeth Cornelius "Betsy" Price** (born October 21, 1949) is an American businesswoman and politician. She was the 44th mayor of Fort Worth, Texas from 2011 until 2021.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Betsy Price
- **image**: Betsy Price.jpg
- **office**: 44th Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas, Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas, Fort Worth
- **term start**: July 12, 2011
- **term end**: June 15, 2021
- **predecessor**: Mike Moncrief
- **successor**: Mattie Parker
- **birth name**: Barbara Elizabeth Cornelius
- **birth place**: Tarrant County, Texas, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: University of Texas at Arlington, University of Texas, Arlington (Bachelor of Science, BS)
Kay Granger

**Norvell Kay Granger** (; born January 18, 1943) is an American Republican politician. She was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1997 until 2025. She was elected as Fort Worth's first female mayor in 1991.

In December 2024, Granger was confirmed to have been living in a senior living facility in Fort Worth for "dementia issues".

## Other websites

- Congresswoman Kay Granger  official U.S. House site
- Kay Granger for Congress
- Profile  at the _Texas Tribune_

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kay Granger
- **image**: Kay Granger.jpg
- **office**: Chair of the United States House Committee on Appropriations, House Appropriations Committee
- **term start**: January 3, 2023
- **term end**: April 10, 2024
- **predecessor**: Rosa DeLauro
- **successor**: Tom Cole
- **office1**: Ranking Member of the United States House Committee on Appropriations, House Appropriations Committee
- **term start1**: January 3, 2019
- **term end1**: January 3, 2023
- **predecessor1**: Nita Lowey
- **successor1**: Rosa DeLauro
- **office2**: Republican Conference Vice-Chairman of the United States House of Representatives, Vice Chair of the House Republican Conference
- **leader2**: John Boehner
- **term start2**: January 3, 2007
- **term end2**: January 3, 2009
- **predecessor2**: Jack Kingston
- **successor2**: Cathy McMorris Rodgers
- **state3**: Texas
- **term start3**: January 3, 1997
- **term end3**: January 3, 2025
- **predecessor3**: Pete Geren
- **successor3**: Craig Goldman
- **office4**: 41st Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas, Mayor of Fort Worth
- **term start4**: May 21, 1991
- **term end4**: December 19, 1995
- **predecessor4**: Bob Bolen
- **successor4**: Jewell Woods (acting)
- **birth name**: Norvell Kay Mullendore
- **birth place**: Greenville, Texas, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Texas Wesleyan University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Springtown, Texas

**Springtown** is a town in Parker County and Wise, Texas, United States. According to the 2020 census, the population of Springtown was 3,064.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Springtown, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Springtown Texas downtown Wiki (1 of 1).jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Springtown, Texas
- **map caption**: Location of Springtown, Texas
- **image map1**: Parker County Springtown.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **map caption1**: Location of Springtown in Parker County
- **pushpin map**: Texas#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Texas##Location in the United States
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Parker County, Texas, Parker, Wise County, Texas, Wise
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 3.04
- **area land sq mi**: 3.04
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 7.86
- **area land km2**: 7.86
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3064
- **population density sq mi**: 1007.9
- **population density km2**: 389.8
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 860
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 76082
- **area code**: Area code 817, 817
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-69800
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1379105
Ajit Jogi

**Ajit Pramod Kumar Jogi** (29 April 1946  29 May 2020) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (INC) political party. He was born in present-day Chhattisgarh, India.

Jogi was a member of Parliament of India from 1998 to 1999 and again from 2004 to 2008. He was the first Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh from 2000 to 2003.

Jogi died of cardiac arrest after choking on food on 29 May 2020 in Raipur, India at the age of 74.
Choking

**Choking** happens when breathing is made difficult. It happens when the windpipe is blocked.

In some cases the air flow is completely blocked, in other cases some amount of air can pass to the lungs. Insufficient oxygen being delivered to the body and more importantly the brain will result in oxygen deprivation, although oxygen stored in the blood and lungs can keep a person alive for several minutes after breathing stops.

Around 4,500 to 5,000 choking-related deaths occur in the United States every year. Deaths from choking most often occur in the very young (children under three years old) and in the elderly (adults over 75 years).

## Related pages

- Choking agent
- Strangulation
Sudlersville, Maryland

**Sudlersville** is a town in the far northeastern corner of Queen Anne's County, Maryland, United States. The ZIP code is 21668 and the area code is 410. The population was 507 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Sudlersville, Maryland
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: Queen_Anne's_County_Maryland_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Sudlersville_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Sudlersville, Maryland
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Maryland
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Maryland, County
- **subdivision name2**: Queen Anne's County, Maryland, Queen Anne's
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: 1870
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 3.94
- **area land km2**: 3.94
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 1.52
- **area land sq mi**: 1.52
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 507
- **population density km2**: 128.78
- **population density sq mi**: 333.55
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 21
- **elevation ft**: 69
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 21668
- **area code**: Area code 410, 410
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 24-75650
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0598128
Centreville, Maryland

**Centreville** is an incorporated town in Queen Anne's County, Maryland, United States on the Delmarva Peninsula. It is the county seat of Queen Anne's County. The population was 4,727 at the 2020 census.
Bob Kulick

**Robert Joel Kulick** (January 16, 1950 – May 28, 2020) was an American rock/pop/jazz guitarist and record producer. He was born in New York City. He was best known for his studio work with Kiss and for his works with W.A.S.P.

Kulick died on May 28, 2020 in Las Vegas at the age of 70.

## Other websites

- "Bob Kulick Official MySpace Site"
Jerzy Pilch

**Jerzy Pilch** (; 10 August 1952  – 29 May 2020) was a Polish novelist, columnist, and journalist. He was born in Wisła, Poland. In 1989, he won the Kościelski Award for his debut novel _Wyznania twórcy pokątnej literatury erotycznej_ ("Confessions of an author of illicit erotic literature"). Pilch's second novel, _Spis cudzołożnic_ ("List of Adulteresses", 1993) was made into a movie in 1995.

Pilch's most successful book so far is his fourth novel _Pod Mocnym Aniołem_ ("The Mighty Angel", 2000), a satirical take on the "drinking novel" genre, which was awarded a Nike Award.

Pilch died on 29 May 2020 in Kielce, Poland of problems caused by Parkinson's disease, aged 67.
Without a Trace (movie)

***Without a Trace*** is a 1983 American drama movie directed by Stanley R. Jaffe and based on the novel _Still Missing_ by Beth Gutcheon. It stars Kate Nelligan, Judd Hirsch, David Dukes, Stockard Channing, Danny Corkill and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Without a Trace
- **director**: Stanley R. Jaffe
- **producer**: Stanley R. Jaffe
- **writer**: Beth Gutcheon
- **music**: Jack Nitzsche
- **cinematography**: John Bailey
- **editing**: Cynthia Scheider
- **distributor**: 20th Century Fox
- **runtime**: 120 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **gross**: $9.6 million
Alfred Kolleritsch

**Alfred Kolleritsch** (16 February 1931 – 29 May 2020) was an Austrian people journalist, poet and philosopher. He was born in Eichfeld, Austria. He was the founder of the literary magazine _manuscripts_. He was the President of the Forum Stadtpark, a cultural center in Graz.

Kolleritsch died on 29 May 2020 in Graz, aged 89.
Roosevelt Taylor

**Roosevelt "Rosey" Taylor** (July 4, 1937May 29, 2020) was an American professional football player. He was a safety. He played for the Chicago Bears, San Francisco 49ers, and Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). His career lasted between 1961 and 1972.

Taylor was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He played college football at Grambling State University. Taylor died on May 29, 2020 at the age of 82.