juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sobek

**Sobek** was the ancient Egyptian god of the Nile. In art, he was shown with the head of a crocodile. In temples to Sobek, live crocodiles were kept in pools to honor him.

## Jobs & Roles

Sobek was worshipped wherever the Nile was presenting difficulties. Sobek was the ancient Egyptian god of crocodiles and controlled the waters. Sobek’s role was to protect the pharaoh from evil but it differs with each person. He was the most popular god in Arsinoe (Crocodilopolis in Greek) and was considered the Lord of Faiyu (a place in Egypt).

## Myths & stories

One day when Sobek was in the Nile, he saw Osiris’ (who was murdered by Set, the god of chaos) body. He was so hungry he could not resist eating part of it. His tongue was cut off as a punishment, which is why crocodiles have no tongues in Egyptian myths. He also caught the sons of Horus when they were born.

## Physical Appearance

Sobek was seen as a crocodile headed man or very rarely a plain crocodile. Egyptians mummified crocodiles in honor of Sobek. Crocodiles were treated like household pets and were adorned with anklets and other decorative jewels. In temples people kept sacred crocodiles because they thought that they were images of Sobek on earth. The sacred crocodiles were a big attraction, the Egyptian’s believed that if the crocodiles were fed and they accepted their food, you would receive blessings from the God Sobek.

## Family & friends

Sobek was a friend of Horus. Sobek’s mother Neith was considered the sister of Isis, who was Horus’s mother. This made Sobek the cousin of Horus, which was a very important fact because Horus was a major God. In other myths, Sobek was allied with Set. Set was also sometimes thought of as Sobek's father.

## References

1. _The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt_ Thames and Hudson
1. _Atlas of ancient Egypt_ Pemberton Delia
1. _Egyptian mythology A to Z_ Remler Pat

## Other websites

- ancientegypt.so.uk
- touregypt.net
- egyptianmyths.net
Lucky Town

***Lucky Town*** is an album by Bruce Springsteen. It was produced by Bruce Springsteen with Jon Landau and Chuck Plotkin. The album was recorded by Toby Scott and mixed by Bob Clearmountain. It was released in 1992 under the copyright of Bruce Springsteen and was distributed by Sony Music.

## Track listing

Bruce Springsteen plays all the instruments except the drums, which are played by Gary Mallabar.

## Related pages

- Bruce Springsteen official website
- Lucky Town official website
- Sony Music USA

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Lucky Town
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Bruce Springsteen
- **released**: March 31, 1992
- **recorded**: September 1991 – January 1992
- **studio**: Thrill Hill Recording and A&M Studios
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **length**: 39:38
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **producer**: Bruce Springsteen, Jon Landau, Chuck Plotkin
- **prev title**: Human Touch
(1992)
- **next title**: In Concert / MTV Plugged
(1993)
Juli

**Juli** is a German rock/pop band from Gießen, Hesse. Its singer is Eva Briegel, guitarists Jonas Pfetzing and Simon Triebel, bassist Andreas "Dedi" Herde and drummer Marcel Römer. The band was made out of Sunnyglade in 2001.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Juli
- **img**: Juli – Holsten Brauereifest 2015 01.jpg
- **img capt**: Juli performing in 2015
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Gießen, Hesse, Germany
- **genre**: German rock, Pop music, Pop
- **years active**: 2001–present
- **label**: Universal Music
- **current members**: Eva Briegel <small>(lead singer)</small>
Marcel Römer <small>(Drum kit, drums)</small>
Andreas "Dedi" Herde <small>(Bass (instrument), bass)</small>
Jonas Pfetzing <small>(guitar)</small>
Simon Triebel <small>(guitar)</small>
- **past members**: Miriam Adameit <small>(lead singer)</small>
Martin Möller <small>(Drum kit, drums)</small>
Member

A **member** is a person who belongs to a group of people. **Member** may also mean:

- In set theory,  an object that belongs to a set (mathematical) is an element,
- A  user that is signed up for an internet service provider (ISP) service is a member of the ISP
- Military jury, which is called "Members" by those in the military
- Limb, a part of the human or animal body
- The penis (slang)
National Hurricane Center

The U.S. **National Hurricane Center** (**NHC**) is a department of the National Weather Service, and a component of the National Centers For Environmental Protection. It is responsible for tracking and forecasting the likely behavior of tropical and subtropical cyclones, potential tropical cyclones, and disturbances. The NHC headquarters is in Miami, Florida.

When tropical storm or hurricane conditions are predicted within 48 hours on land, the center issues the proper watches through the news media and NOAA Weather Radio. When those conditions are expected within 36 hours, a warning will be issued. Although it is an organization of the United States, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has designated the NHC as Regional Specialised Meteorological Center for the North Atlantic and eastern and central Pacific Ocean. In other words, the NHC is the central source of information for all tropical cyclone forecasts and observations happening in these areas, whatever their effect on the US. The NHC does not come up with their own names, but the WMO comes up with the names instead.

## Related pages

- Tropical Storm Warning
- Hurricane

## Other websites

- NOAA National Hurricane Center website
- History of NWS Forecast Office, Miami

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: National Hurricane Center
- **picture**: National Hurricane Center.jpg
- **picture width**: 250
- **picture caption**: Front view of the National Hurricane Center
- **jurisdiction**: Federal government of the United States, United States government
- **headquarters**: University Park, Florida, University Park, Miami, Florida, United States, U.S.
- **parent agency**: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA
- **chief1 name**: Kenneth Graham (meteorologist), Kenneth Graham
- **chief1 position**: Director
Libreville

**Libreville** is the capital city of Gabon. It is the largest city in that country. The city has a population of 578,156 people. Libreville is a port on the Gabon River, near the Gulf of Guinea. It is a trade center for a timber region.

The Libreville International Airport, the headquarters for Air Gabon, is about  north of the city.

## History

The Mpongwé tribe lived in the area long before the French took control of the land in 1839.  The city was founded (as Gabon) in 1843 as a trading station.  Freed slaves were sent there from the ship L'Elizia. In 1848 it was named Libreville (French for "Freetown").  It was the chief port of French Equatorial Africa from 1934 to 1946.

Libreville was named in after Freetown. It grew slowly as a trading post and a minor administrative centre. It had a population of 31,000 when it became independent in 1960.  Since independence, the city has grown more quickly. Nearly half the of the people of Gabon live in the city.

## Things to see

Sights in Libreville include the National Museum of Arts and Traditions, the French cultural centre, St Marie’s Cathedral, the carved wood church of St Michael, Nkembo, the Arboretum de Sibang and two cultural villages.  Gabon's school of administration and school of law are in Libreville. The Omar Bongo University is also in Libreville.

## Industry

The city is home to a shipbuilding industry, brewing industry and sawmills. The city exports raw materials such as wood, rubber and cocoa from the city's main port, and the deepwater port at Owendo.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Libreville
- **image skyline**: Libreville.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Libreville
- **image shield**: Libreville Coat of Arms.svg
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Map of the Gabon showing Libreville.
- **pushpin map**: Gabon#Africa
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Gabon
- **blank name sec2**: Human Development Index, HDI (2019)
- **blank info sec2**: 0.738

- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Gabon, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Estuaire Province
- **subdivision type2**: Capital district
- **subdivision name2**: Libreville
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Rose Christiane Ossouka Raponda (Gabonese Democratic Party, PDG)
- **area land km2**: 65.42
- **area metro km2**: 189
- **population as of**: 2013 census
- **population total**: 703904
Brahmaputra River

The **Brahmaputra ( son of brahma )**, also called Tsangpo in Tibet, is one of the main rivers in Asia. It has its origin in the Himalayas of Tibet. It flows through Tibet, India and Bangladesh. It is  long. Massive flooding occurs when the ice melts in the Spring.

The Brahmaputra’s source is the Chemayungdung Glacier, which covers the slopes of the Himalayas.

It joins with the Ganges river and empties into the Bay of Bengal and also forms the Gangetic delta, which is the largest delta in India.

As of 2025, Indian authorities have a plan to build a dam on the river. Parong is one of the dozens of villages that will either be submerged, or partly put under water.

## Other websites

- http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/rivers/brahmaputra.html - Brahmaputra River Map
Lilongwe

**Lilongwe** is the capital city of African country of Malawi. It lies in the center of the country on the Lilongwe river. It is near the border of Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia. The city has a population of 597,619 people. Lilongwe is the second largest city in Malawi.

## Climate

Lilongwe has a damp subtropical climate, bordering a subtropical highland climate (Köppen: Cwa), with pleasantly warm summers and mild winters. Due to its altitude, temperatures are lower than other cities located in the tropics. Lilongwe has a short wet season from December to March and a long dry season during much of the rest of the year. However it has a strong rain season, with around  during the wettest months.

## History

The city started as a small village on the banks of the Lilongwe river. It became a British colonial administrative centre at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1974, the capital of the country was moved from Zomba to Lilongwe. Recently, as part of a change in politics in Malawi, the parliament has been moved to Lilongwe. All parliament members must spend time in the new capital. Lilongwe is now the political centre of Malawi, but Blantyre the economic capital of the country.

## Transport

Lilongwe is visited by Malawi Railways and Shire Bus Lines, local buses and minibuses go between Old Town, City Centre, Kamuzu International Airport, and other urban places, including Mzuzu and Blantyre.

People can get taxis from hotels and a taxi lane on Presidential Way, North of City Centre Shopping Centre. Most roads have a lot of traffic, so most Malawians prefer to, or can only afford to, walk or use a bicycle. There is also an airport, Kamuzu International Airport, which is about 35 km north of Lilongwe.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lilongwe
- **image map**: Mi-map.png
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Malawi
- **subdivision type1**: District
- **subdivision name1**: Lilongwe District, Lilongwe
- **established title**: Capital
- **established date**: 1974
- **population as of**: 2003
- **population total**: 597,619
- **timezone**: Central Africa Time, CAT
- **utc offset**: +2
Shu (Egyptian god)

**Shu** was the ancient Egyptian god of dry air, and so was a calming and cooling influence. He was also like Atlas from Greek mythology—his job was to separate Nut and Geb

## Power and Magic

Shu had warlike traits like strength, speed and stamina and became associated with the pharaoh. He takes a human form wearing a plume (the hieroglyph of his name) on his head and with his arms raised supporting the sky-goddess. Nut to keep her apart from her consort the earth god Geb. Shu was described as dwelling in the sun's disk.  He often appeared as a bearded man holding up the sky while protecting the earth.  At times he was depicted as a lion or a human with a lion's head.  At other times he wore four ostrich feathers.  These feathers symbolized the four columns that held up the sky when Shu himself was not there to do the job.  When in his role as god of light, Shu carried a sun disk.

## Hymn

"That is my daughter, the living female one, Tefnut, who shall be with her brother Shu. Life is his name, Order is her name. [At first] I lived with my two children, my little ones, the one before me, the other behind me. Life reposed with my daughter Order, the one within me, the other without me. I rose over them, but their arms were around me." Was a hymn to Shu. Ancient Egyptians prayed to him for a good life and prayed to him for light. People worshipped Shu in prayers, hymns, and in a chapel. People gave him offerings. Shu appeared in tombs and temples. He was a well known god.

## Temples

Shu belongs to the cosmic deities and as such no temples were dedicated to him.  Cosmic deity's were never worshipped in a personified form, therefore there was no need for temples to worshipped them.  A chapel was built to Shu, Atum, and Tefnut. No festivals has been historically verified Shu was worshipped through prayers and gatherings.

## Worshipped

Shu was the god of the water, light, wind, and the atmosphere. He was also the god of dry air. Shu's name meant "dryness" or "emptiness".  Shu was mentioned in Coffin Texts and Pyramid Texts, but is not well known outside these religious texts until after the New Kingdom. During this time period, Shu became connected with the gods Onuris, Khonsu, and Soptu, and was worshipped along with them in their people. He was praised by some and not by others.

## Myths

Ra created Shu. He was created when Ra said, “Shu the moisture”, and then Shu was sneezed out of Ra’s nostrils. There are many creation myths about how Ra was born. For example, an egg that hatched created Ra. Shu was one of the first deities.

## Other websites

- touregypt.net
- pantheon.org
- ancientegypt.co.uk
- Egyptian Mythology and Religion
Malabo

**Malabo** is the capital city of Equatorial Guinea. It is on the northern coast of Bioko Island. The number of people living there has grown quickly over the past ten years to about 100,000.

Notable buildings in Malabo include Malabo Cathedral and the Malabo Court Building.  The city is served by Malabo International Airport, while ferries sail from its port to Douala and Bata.

## History

The city was first founded by the British in 1827. They paid Spain for use of the island during colonial times. The British named the city **Port Clarence**. It was used as a naval station help stop the slave trade. Many newly freed slaves settled there before the creation of Sierra Leone as a colony for freed slaves. While many of them later moved to Sierra Leone.

When the island returned to Spanish control, Malabo was renamed **Santa Isabel**. It replaced the town of Bata as the capital of the country in 1969. The city was renamed Malabo in 1973 because President Francisco Macías Nguema wanted to replace European place names with "authentic" African ones.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Malabo
- **image skyline**: Malabo a 13-oct-01.jpg
- **image map**: Equatorial Guinea-CIA WFB Map.png
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Equatorial Guinea
- **subdivision type1**: Region
- **subdivision name1**: Bioko Norte
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1827
- **population as of**: 2003
- **population total**: 92,900
- **population metro**: 211,276
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
Multimedia

**Multimedia** is communication that uses more than one type of information content (e.g. text, audio, graphics, animation, video) to inform or entertain the audience (user). _Multimedia_ also means the use of electronic media to store and experience multimedia content.
Multimedia means that computer info can be represented through audio, graphics, image, video and animation in addition to traditional media (text and graphics).

## References, Sources, and Notes

Multimedia Making it Work, by Tay Vaughan, Published by Osborne McGraw Hill 1993

## Other websites

- Machizo Multimedia Communication
- Common Language Project
Shield volcano

_"Shield volcanoes" redirects here._
A **shield volcano** is a large volcano with shallowly-sloping sides. The name derives from a translation of "Skjaldbreiður", an Icelandic shield volcano whose name means "broad shield," from its resemblance to a warrior's shield.

Shield volcanoes are usually formed by lava that flows easily. Consequently, a volcanic mountain having a broad profile is built up over time by flow after flow of relatively fluid basaltic lava issuing from vents or fissures on the surface of the volcano. Many of the largest volcanoes on Earth are shield volcanoes.

The largest is Mauna Loa on the Big Island of Hawaii. Shield volcanoes can be so large they are sometimes considered a mountain range, such as the Ilgachuz Range and the Rainbow Range, both of which are in Canada. These shield volcanoes formed when the North American Plate moved over a hotspot similar to the one feeding the Hawaiian Islands, called the Anahim hotspot. There are also shield volcanoes, for example, in Washington, Oregon, and the Galapagos Islands. The Piton de la Fournaise, on Réunion Island, is one of the more active shield volcanoes on earth, with one eruption per year on average.

Shield volcanoes are known to form on other planets. The largest known mountain in the solar system, Olympus Mons on Mars, is a shield volcano. Shield volcanoes on Mars are higher and much more massive than those on Earth.

On Earth, because of plate tectonics, hotspot volcanoes eventually move away from the source of their magma and the volcanoes are individually less massive than might otherwise be the case. Shield volcanoes usually occur along constructive boundaries or above hotspots. However, the many large shield volcanoes of the Cascade Range of northern California and Oregon are over a more complex environment.

## On other planets

Shield volcanoes are not only found on Earth, they can also be found on Mars, Venus, and Io, which is a moon of Jupiter. The volcanoes on Mars are bigger than those on Earth.

## Related pages

- Volcano
- Magma

## References

1. <small>Douglas Harper (2010). "Shield volcano". _Online Etymology Dictionary_. Douglas Harper. Retrieved February 13, 2011.</small>
1. <small>"How Volcanoes Work: Basaltic Lava". San Diego State University. Archived from the original on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2010.</small>

## Other websites

- Media related to Shield volcanoes at Wikimedia Commons
- "Shield volcano" at Oxford English Dictionary
Caldera

A **caldera** is a volcanic feature formed by the collapse of land surface after a gigantic volcanic eruption. In such an eruption the volcano's magma chamber is empty enough for the ground above it to drop.

A caldera may look like a volcanic crater except that a crater is made by blasting outward, not by collapsing inward. The word _caldera_ comes from the Portuguese language, meaning "cauldron". Some complex features are made by both processes.

When Yellowstone Caldera last erupted some 650,000 years ago, it released about 1,000 km<sup>3</sup> of material, covering much of North America in debris up to two metres thick. By comparison, when Mount St. Helens erupted in 1980, it released 1000 times less material.

The ecological effects of the eruption of a large caldera can be seen in the record of the Lake Toba eruption in Indonesia.

About 75,000 years ago, the Toba catastrophe released about 2,800 km<sup>3</sup> of ejecta. This was the largest known explosive eruption within the last 25 million years.  In the late 1990s, anthropologist Stanley Ambrose suggested that a volcanic winter induced by this eruption reduced the human population to about 2,000  20,000, resulting in a population bottleneck. Others suggested that the human race was reduced to about five to ten thousand people.
However, there is no direct evidence that the theory is correct  and some evidence that it is not.

## Larger calderas

Eruptions forming even larger calderas are known. At La Garita Caldera in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado, the 5,000 km<sup>3</sup> Fish Canyon Tuff was blasted out in a single major eruption about 27.8 million years ago.

At some points in time, rhyolitic calderas have appeared in distinct clusters. The remnants of such clusters can be found in places such as the San Juan Mountains of Colorado (formed during the Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene periods) or the Saint Francois Mountain Range of Missouri (erupted during the Proterozoic).

- Ngorongoro is a caldera.
- The Hawaiian Islands are formed by a caldera
Addiscombe

**Addiscombe** is an area in Croydon, in the London Borough of Croydon, England. Three hundred years ago, Addiscombe was a rural area. The area was mainly used for farming and brick-making. There used to be a railway that went through Addiscombe, but in 2000, it was changed to tramlink tracks and a new stop was built.

## Other websites

- Addiscombe.net - Community website
South Norwood

**South Norwood** is an area in south-east London in the London Borough of Croydon, England. It is one of four places in London called Norwood, Norwood New Town, West Norwood and Upper Norwood are the others. There are around 14,590 people living in South Norwood alone. SE25 is the postcode for the area.

Norwood Junction train station is the station which serves most of South Norwood, to Central London. There are two secondary schools in South Norwood called, Harris Academy South Norwood (was Stanley Technical High School) and the other being Harris Academy Crystal Palace. There are also a lot of primary schools in the area.

The writer of the Sherlock Holmes stories lived in South Norwood on Tennison Road from 1891 to 1894. One of his stories was about the area. In 1966, a dog called Pickles discovered the World Cup Jules Rimet Trophy under a bush farther up in Beulah Hill.

South Norwood Country Park is a large green space and nature reserve in South Norwood, it was the site of a former sewage farm which was made for the growing population of London. Croydon Sports Arena which holds games for Kent League team Croydon Football Club _(Croydon F.C.)_. Crystal Palace F.C. play at Selhurst Park in Norwood. The team, for the 2007-08 season are in the Championship.
Telephone tapping

**Telephone tapping** or **wire tapping**/**wiretapping** is when somebody listens to another person's telephone calls. They usually use a listening device called a _bug_ to listen to and record the conversation so that another person can then listen to it later.

This is illegal in many countries, including the UK and US because it means that telephone calls are not private. Sometimes, the police need to 'tap' into telephone calls to catch terrorists or other criminals. Evidence from illegal tops may be used in criminal trials in some countries.

- Watergate scandal
Sara Paxton

**Sara Paxton** (born April 25, 1988, California) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Mari Collingwood in _The Last House on the Left_. She is also known for acting in the movies, _Aquamarine_, _Halloweentown 3_. She has starred in her own television show called _Darcy's Wildlife_. Her, mother is a Mexican Jew and her father, is an American who converted to Judaism when marrying her mother.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1997|_Liar Liar_|Child at Party and School|||
|1997|_You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's Christmas Party_|Patty|Short film||
|1998|_Music from Another Room_|Young Karen|||
|1998|_Soldier_|Angie|||
|1998|_Tunnel Vision_|Shauna|Short film||
|1999|_Durango Kids_|Hillary|||
|2001|__|Princess Sabrina|||
|2003|_Haunted Lighthouse_|Ashley|Short film||
|2004|_Sleepover_|Staci Blake|||
|2006|''Aquamarine|Aquamarine|||
|2007|_Sydney White_|Rachel Witchburn|||
|2008|_Superhero Movie_|Jill Johnson|||
|2009|__|Mari Collingwood|||
|2011|__|Claire|||
|2011|_Shark Night_|Sara Palski|||
|2011|_Enter Nowhere_|Jody|||
|2012|_Static_|Rachel|||
|2013|_Love & Air Sex_|Kara|||
|2013|_Cheap Thrills_|Violet|||
|2013|_Liars All_|Katie|||
|2014|_Boys of Abu Ghraib_|Peyton|||
|2014|_All Relative_|Grace|||
|2015|_Happily Ever After_|Sarah Ann|||
|2016|_Sundown_|Lina Hunter|||
|2017|_Three Women_|Kathy|Short film||
|2018|_First Date_|Kathy|||
|2018|_The Front Runner_|Donna Rice|||
|TBA|_Blonde_||Post-production||

## Other websites

- Official site
- Website Sara Paxton

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sara Paxton
- **image**: Sara Paxton at Mother Goose Parade, 2007 (bright).jpg
- **caption**: Paxton at the 2007 Mother Goose Parade
- **birth place**: Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, singer, model
- **years active**: 1996–present
Lipstick

**Lipstick** is a type of cosmetic used on the lips. It is used to make the lips shiny or to color them.

## Related pages

- Lip gloss
- Cosmetics
- Kohl
Lip gloss

**Lip gloss** is a cosmetic. It makes lips shiny. Lip gloss can also have shimmer, tints, glitter and flavor.

## Related pages

- Lipstick
- Cosmetics
Mbabane

**Mbabane** is the capital city of the African country of Eswatini.  It is on the Mbabane River and the Polinjane River in the Mdimba Mountains. The city is in the district of Hhohho and is also the district capital. The city has an estimated population of 70,000 people.

The town grew after the country's administrative centre moved there from Manzini in 1902.  It is also the commercial center for the surrounding region. Tin and iron are mined nearby.

siSwati is the main language of the city but many people also speak English. The economy of Mbabane, like the country as a whole, is based on tourism and sugar exports.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Mbabane
- **image skyline**: Mbabane.jpg
- **image caption**: A street in downtown Mbabane
- **pushpin map**: Swaziland
- **mapsize**: 300px
- **map caption**: Location of Mbabane in Eswatini
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: District
- **subdivision name1**: Hhohho District, Hhohho
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1902
- **area total km2**: 81.76
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 94874
- **population density km2**: auto
- **elevation m**: 1243
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: H100
- **blank name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank info**: Oceanic climate#Subtropical highland variety (Cwb), Cwb
Pentecost

**Pentecost**  (meaning "the 50th day" in Greek), also called **Whitsun**, **Whitsunday**, or **Whit Sunday** in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking areas, is a holiday and season in the Christian liturgical year. It is the 50th day after Easter (and the 10th day after Ascension Thursday). It is to remember the coming of the Holy Spirit to the Apostles and other followers of Jesus as described in the book of Acts in the Bible, as Jesus had promised after he rose from the dead. About 3,000 people were baptized that day which, to many, makes it the real start of the Christian Church.

## Further reading

- Advent
- Ash Wednesday
- Epiphany (holiday)
- Lent
- Pentecostalism

## Other websites

- A collection of Pentecost prayers  (Roman Catholic)
- Christian Resource Institute
- "Pentecost" article from the _Catholic Encyclopedia_
- "Pentecost" article from the _Jewish Encyclopedia_
- Secret Conversations with God - Study of Pentecost
- The Feast of Pentecost fulfilment in Sivan of 32 A.D.
- True Pentecost is 50 days from the Sunday following Passover - Not 50 days from Easter.
- Pentecost, Passover and Easter dates: 2000 - 2050
- The Feast of Pentecost: The Firstfruits of God's Harvest
- Photographs of Russian Orthodox Pentecost service
- Holy Pentecost Icon and Synaxarion of the Feast (Eastern Orthodox)
- Feast of Pentecost  Greek Orthodox Archdiocese
- Explanation of the Feast from the _Handbook for Church Servers_ (_Nastolnaya Kniga_) by Sergei V. Bulgakov
Trust

**Trust** may refer to:

In **personal relations (social sciences)**:
- Trust (social sciences): the feeling of being sure someone or something can be relied upon

## Law

- Trust law, where money or property is owned and managed on behalf of another
- Escrow, where a thing is held in trust until conditions are fulfilled

## Finance

- Trust company, a financial institution offering banking, investment and estate administration services
- Massachusetts business trust, a business created under trust law
- Investment trust, a company that invests in other companies or properties

## Business and legal

- Trust law
- Charitable trust
- Massachusetts business trust
- Investment trust
- Land trust
- Trust company
- Trust (business)

### Bands

- Trust Company (band)

## Related pages

- Trustee
- Trustor
- Trusteeship
- Trustworthiness
- Trusted third party
- Trust, but verify
Niamey

**Niamey** is the capital city of the African country of Niger. It is Niger's largest city. The city is on the Niger River. Niamey is the administrative, cultural and economic center of the country.

The city is in a pearl millet growing region. Manufacturing industries in the city include bricks, ceramic goods, cement and weaving.

## History

Niamey was probably founded during the 18th century. It was of little importance until the French created a colonial post there in the 1890s. The city grew quickly after that happened.  In 1926, it became the capital of Niger. The number of people grew slowly from about 3,000 people in 1930 to around 30,000 in 1960, 250,000 in 1980 and 675,000 in 2002. The major cause of the increase has been immigration during droughts.

## Things to see

Things to see in the city include the Niger National Museum. The museum includes a zoo, a museum of vernacular architecture, a craft centre, and displays including dinosaur skeletons and the Tree of Ténéré. The city also has American, French and Nigerien cultural centres, two major markets, and a traditional wrestling arena .

The city is the site of Diori Hamani International Airport, the National School of Administration, and Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Niamey
- **image skyline**: Niamey_night.jpg
- **image caption**: Niamey at night
- **image map**: File:Niamey in Niger (special marker).svg
- **map caption**: Location in Niger
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Niger, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Niamey Urban Community
- **subdivision type2**: Communes of Niger, Communes Urbaines
- **subdivision name2**: 5 Communes
- **subdivision type3**: _Districts_
- **subdivision name3**: 44 Districts
- **subdivision type4**: _Quartiers_
- **subdivision name4**: 99 Quarters
- **government type**: Appointed district government, elected city council, elected commune and quarter councils
- **area total km2**: 239.30
- **population as of**: 2012
- **population note**: Niamey Urban Community
- **population total**: 1,026,848
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
- **elevation m**: 207
- **area code**: 20
- **population est**: 1,334,984
- **pop est as of**: October 1, 2020
Wadjet

**Wadjet** is a goddess in Egyptian mythology. She was often shown in art as a cobra and was the protector of lower Egypt. Later, she became the protector of kings. Her worship was already established by the Predynastic Period, but did change somewhat as time progressed. She began as the local goddess of Per-Wadjet (Buto) but soon became a patron goddess of Lower Egypt.

## Other websites

- touregypt.net
- philae.nu
- thekeep.org
- http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/wadjet.html
Buto

**Buto** or **Butos** or **Butosos**, was the later, Greek name for an ancient Egyptian city  95 km east of Alexandria in the Nile Delta of Egypt. It is the modern _Kem Kasir_.

## History

Buto originally was two cities, Pe and Dep, which merged into one city that the Egyptians named ***Per-Wadjet***.  The goddess Wadjet was its local goddess, often represented as a cobra, and she was considered the patron deity of Lower Egypt.

The city was an important site in Ancient Egypt since more than ten thousand years. Archaeological evidence shows that Upper Egyptian culture replaced the Buto-culture at the delta when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified.

## Uses

The Greek historians told that town was celebrated for its temple and oracle of the goddess Wadjet.
They also told that at Buto there was also a sanctuary of Horus.
Scribe

A **scribe** is an ancient occupation. A scribe's job involved reading and writing, especially during the Renaissance (a period in European history when art, writing, and science made big advances that still exist today).  Being a scribe meant writing letters and historical records for kings, nobility, and temples.

This was an important job when few people could read and write. Later, it changed into being secretaries, clerks, public servants, journalists, accountants and lawyers. Today, there are no scribes, but there are still authors and writers.

## Egyptian scribes

The Ancient Egyptian scribe was an important job. Ancient Egypt also had its painters and artisans who decorated tombs, buildings, furniture, statues, and other relics with pictures and hieroglyphics. In Ancient Egypt, only males could be scribes. This was so in many civilisations, because most official positions were exclusively male.

The scribes had to be able to write not only the hieroglyphs, but also the hieratic (priestly) script, and they had to know arithmetic. They used a type of paper called papyrus, made from reeds, and wrote with reed pens and ink.

## Related pages

- Writing

## Other websites

- Catholic Encyclopedia
Need for Speed

***Need for Speed***, also known by its initials ***NFS***, is a racing video game franchise, made by Electronic Arts and developed <nowiki/>by several studios including EA Black Box, Criterion Games and Ghost Games.

These are the games of the series:
- _The Need for Speed_
- _Need for Speed 2_
- _Need for Speed: V-Rally_
- _Need for Speed: V-Rally 2_
- _Need for Speed 3: Hot Pursuit_
- _Need for Speed: High Stakes_
- _Need for Speed: Porsche Unleashed_
- _Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2_
- _Need for Speed: Underground_
- _Need for Speed: Underground 2_
- _Need for Speed: Most Wanted_
- _Need for Speed: Carbon_
- _Need for Speed: ProStreet_
- _Need for Speed: Undercover_
- _Need for Speed: Shift_
- _Need for Speed: Nitro_
- _Need for Speed: World_
- _Need for Speed: Shift 2 Unleashed_
- _Need for Speed: The Run_
- _Need for Speed: Most Wanted_ (2012)
- _Need for Speed: Rivals_
- _Need for Speed_ (2015)
- _Need for Speed: Payback_
- _Need For Speed: Heat_
ATP

**ATP** may refer to:
- Adenosine triphosphate
- Association of Tennis Professionals
Jeanne Calment

**Jeanne Louise Calment** (21 February 1875 – 4 August 1997) was a French supercentenarian and at the time of her death at age 122 years, 164 days the verified oldest person in history as well as the only person who has surpassed 120 years of age, although her claimed age is possibly disputed.

On 17 October 1995, Calment reached 120 years and 238 days to become the "oldest person ever" according to Guinness World Records, surpassing Shigechiyo Izumi of Japan, whose claim (120 years 237 days old at the time of his death on 21 February 1986, Calment's 111th birthday) has since been discounted. Calment also holds the record for being the oldest living person for the longest period of time, by far – with nearly nine years and seven months, counting from the death of Florence Knapp on 11 January 1988, to her own death on 4 August 1997.

She was the last remaining undisputed person born in the 1870s. On 12 July 1995, Tane Ikai of Japan died, and Calment became the last living link from the 1870s. Following Calment's death on 4 August 1997 at 10:45 CET, then 116-year-old Marie-Louise Meilleur became the oldest living recognized person.

## Biography

She was active during her life, lived on her own until she was almost 110, and talked a lot until months before her death. Calment still rode her bike at the age of 100 in 1975. Once, she fell off and developed a brief period of amnesia. She recovered sometime later. In 1888, when she was 13, Calment met Vincent van Gogh while he visited her uncle's shop to buy canvas.

During her later years in the 1990s, she could not hear very well. In 1995 at the age of 120 years, she became the subject of her own documentary, _120 Years with Jeanne Calment_. She died in August 4, 1997 from unspecified causes in her nursing home in Arles, France at the age of 122 years and 164 days.

## Controversy

A study by Russian researcher Nikolay Zak has disputed Jeanne Calment's claimed age with a hypothesis that Jeanne's daughter Yvonne, born 1898 and claimed to have died of pneumonia in 1934, usurped Jeanne's identity upon Jeanne's death in 1934. In that scenario, Jeanne Calment would have died already in 1934 and Yvonne Calment in 1997, claiming to be her mother and aged 122 but in fact she was aged 99. However, to prove if the hypothesis is true, a DNA/blood test is required.

The oldest undisputed person in history is Japanese woman Kane Tanaka, who lived to age 119 years, 107 days.

## Related pages

- Jiroemon Kimura (1897–2013), the oldest man ever whose age was verified

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: JeanneCalmentaged40.jpg
- **caption**: Calment in her 40s
- **birth name**: Jeanne Louise Calment
- **birth place**: Arles, France
- **death date**:
(aged )
- **death place**: Arles, France
- **children**: 1 daughter, Yvonne
- **nationality**: French
- **height**: 152 cm
François Truffaut

**François Roland Truffaut** (6 February 1932 – 21 October 1984) was a French movie director, producer, writer, actor and critic. He was very popular in the 1960s for such noted movies as _The 400 Blows_, _Jules and Jim_, _Stolen Kisses_, _The Wild Child_ and others.

Truffaut was born in Paris and died of brain cancer in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine.
Leif Erikson

Leif Eriksson or Ericsson, Erickson, and Ericksson (c. 970 – c. 1020) was a Norse explorer. He was the first known European to travel to North America.

Erikson was probably born in Iceland between 970-975 and grew up in Greenland. He had two brothers named Thorstien and Thorvald and a sister named Freydís. His father was Erik the Red, who had created colonies in Greenland. Erikson is said to have visited North America long before anyone else in Europe did. According to Icelandic sagas (stories) he started a Viking settlement in Vinland. Many people think this was L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland in Canada. After landing in North America and when he was going back to Greenland, he rescued a man in his crew who had sunk. From that moment on, he was called “Leif the Lucky”. He is generally believed to be the first European to reach the North American continent, nearly four centuries before Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492.
Thomas More

**Sir Thomas More** or **Saint Thomas More** (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), was an English writer, lawyer, and statesman. He held many important jobs including Speaker of the House of Commons, Lord Chancellor and advisor to the King Henry VIII. He also invented the word "utopia", which means: "an ideal place to live". This is described in the book he wrote called _Utopia_.

When King Henry left the Roman Catholic Church because the Pope would not give him a divorce from his first wife, he started The Church of England. More was a devout Catholic, so he did not accept the King as head of the Church. Because of this, he was arrested and executed for treason. He was thought of as a martyr and made a saint by the Roman Catholic Church in 1935. His feast day is on 22 June and he is the patron of lawyers and politicians. A play and movie called A Man For All Seasons is based on his life.

## References

- The Center for Thomas More Studies, University of Dallas
Juan Perón

**Juan Domingo Perón** (October 8, 1895 – July 1, 1974) was an Argentine general and politician who served as the 29th president of Argentina from 1946 to his overthrow in 1955, and again as the 40th president from 1973 to his death in 1974.

Born in Buenos Aires, he was elected President of Argentina in 1946 and ruled with his second wife, Eva Perón. He was overthrown in 1955 and forced to leave the country. In 1973, he returned; ran for president again with his third wife, Isabel Perón, as vice-president; and was elected. He died in Buenos Aires in 1974, less than a year after his election. His widow, Isabel, took his place, which made her the first woman president in the world.

In Argentina, he and Eva (popularly known as Evita) are considered icons by many people, especially members of the Perónist Justicialist Party, which he started and is still popular. He was very popular with the working class because he was the first politician in a long time to care about them. He required businesses to pay decent wages and safe conditions. He carried out cother social reforms but also controlled what could be said over the radio and sent people opposing him to jail. He also controlled trade unions and businesses and so although they had power, the government had the last word.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Juan Domingo Perón
- **image**: Juan Perón (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 29th & 41st President of Argentina
- **term start2**: 12 October 1973
- **term end2**: 1 July 1974
- **vicepresident2**: Isabel Martínez de Perón
- **predecessor2**: Raúl Alberto Lastiri, Raúl Lastiri
- **successor2**: Isabel Martínez de Perón
- **term start**: 4 June 1946
- **term end**: 21 September 1955
- **vicepresident**: Hortensio Quijano
Alberto Teisaire
- **successor**: Eduardo Lonardi
- **predecessor**: Edelmiro Julián Farrell, Edelmiro Farrell
- **order3**: Vice President of Argentina

- **term start3**: 8 July 1944
- **term end3**: 10 October 1945
- **president3**: Edelmiro Farrell
- **predecessor3**: Edelmiro Julián Farrell, Edelmiro Farrell
- **successor3**: Juan Pistarini
- **order4**: Ministry of Defense (Argentina), Minister of War
- **term start4**: 24 February 1944
- **term end4**: 10 October 1945
- **president4**: Pedro Pablo Ramírez
Edelmiro Julián Farrell, Edelmiro Farrell
- **predecessor4**: Pedro Pablo Ramírez
- **successor4**: Eduardo Ávalos
- **birth name**: Juan Domingo Perón
- **birth place**: Lobos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **death place**: Olivos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **resting place**: Museo Quinta 17 de Octubre
San Vicente, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **spouse**:

- **party**: Labour Party (Argentina), Labour <small>(1945–1947)</small>
Justicialist Party, Justicialist <small>(1947–1974)</small>
Kosher

**Kosher** (Hebrew: כַּשְׁרוּת‎) is the name that Jews give to the laws about the kind of food that they may eat. Their holy books specify certain kinds of food that are all right to eat, and that other kinds should not be eaten.

The Kosher laws say that products classified as meat must not be eaten in the same meal with dairy products. Fish, fruit, and vegetables are considered neutral, called _pareve_ (pronounced "PAR-veh"), and may be eaten with either meat or dairy meals. Jews who "keep kosher" have separate utensils for meat and dairy foods, and wait a number of hours after eating one type of food before eating the other type.

The meat of some animals may not be eaten at all. Animals whose meat may be eaten must be killed in a special, careful way by a religiously trained slaughterer. Meat that is not fit to eat is called _treif_ (pronounced TRAYf).

### Types of meat and drink

- Land animals that chew their cud and have a completely split (cloven) hoof may be eaten. This includes livestock like cattle and sheep, but not pigs (which do not chew their cud) or camels (which do not have completely split hooves).
- Animals that eat meat (carnivores and omnivores) may not be eaten. This also means that birds of prey may not be eaten.
- Specific birds (from a list) may not be eaten. This includes ostrich for example.
- Fish must have fins and scales. Fish without scales (like eels), invertebrates like lobster and shrimp, and shellfish (like mussels) are forbidden.
- No amphibians or reptiles may be eaten. Examples of these are frogs.
- Most insects may not be eaten, with some exceptions like locusts.
- Wine must be specially made by Jews in order to be Kosher.

### Preparing food

- The animals need to be killed in a special way. The kosher slaughterer has religious training for this work.
- An animal that dies by natural means, or is killed by another animal or a hunter, may not be eaten.
- Meat from a sick animal  may not be eaten.
- No blood may be eaten. All blood needs to be drained from the meat (by soaking and salting it). In eggs, not even eggs with just a spot of blood can be eaten.
- Foods made in a factory: manufacturers sometimes label products that have got certification by adding graphical symbols to the label. These symbols are known as _hechsherim_.
- A kosher kitchen has separate sets of dishes: one for meat foods, another for dairy foods.
- Food may not be cooked during the Sabbath, which in Judaism is called Shabbat.

## Related pages

- Halal, similar rules in Islam
Cartagena, Colombia

**Cartagena** (pronounced  in Spanish; the usual English pronunciation is  or ), also known as **Cartagena de Indias** (_Cartagena of the West Indies_), is a large city seaport on the northern coast of Colombia. It is the  capital of the Bolívar Department. As of 2005, it has a population of roughly 895,400. It was founded in 1533 by Don Pedro de Heredia, and named after the port of Cartagena in Spain's Murcia region. It  was a major centre of early Spanish settlement in the Americas, and continues to be an economic hub as well as a popular tourist destination.

## Other websites

- An old map of the city from 1735
Greta Garbo

**Greta Garbo** (born **Greta Lovisa Gustafsson**; 18 September 1905 – 15 April 1990) was a Swedish-American actress.

## Life and career

**Greta Gustafson** was born in Stockholm, she studied at the Royal School of Dramatic Art in her native city, while working as a fashion model. She became a star in Sweden when Mauritz Stiller cast her in the 1924 silent movie _The Atonement of Gösta Berling_.

Soon after, she came to the attention of Louis B. Mayer and went to Hollywood in 1925. Soon, she established herself as one of the world's most popular movie stars.

Some of her most notable movies include; _Mata Hari_ (1931), _Queen Christina_ (1933), _Camille_ (1936), _Conquest_ (1937) and _Ninotchka_ (1939).

She retired from movies in 1941 and became an American citizen on 9 February 1951. In 1984 she had breast cancer. She lived as a semi-recluse in New York City until her death (April 15; 1990) there from renal failure and pneumonia.

## References

- _The Illustrated Who's Who of Cinema_, Portland House, New York, 1987.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Greta Garbo
- **image**: Garbo in Inspiration.jpg
- **caption**: Greta Garbo in 1931
- **birth name**: Greta Gustafson
- **birth place**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States
- **occupation**: Actress
- **death cause**: Renal failure and pneumonia
- **years active**: 1920–1941
Anita Ekberg

**Kerstin Anita Marianne Ekberg** (29 September 1931  11 January 2015) was a Swedish actress. She was born in Malmö, Skåne. She was best known for her role in the movie _La Dolce Vita_ (1960), which was directed by Federico Fellini.

Ekberg died from a long-illness in Castelli Romani, Italy, aged 83.