juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Free Fire (video game)

***Free Fire***, earlier called ***Garena Free Fire***, is a free-to-play battle royale game made and published by Garena. It came out for Android and iOS on 8 December 2017.
The game became very popular and was the most downloaded mobile game in the world in 2019. In 2021, it had more than 150 million people playing every day.

## Gameplay

In the game, 52 players land on an island and try to be the last person alive. Players can walk, run, crawl, jump, and use weapons. The game also has a "Gloo Wall" item that can block attacks.

Players can play alone, with one friend, or as a team of four. There are many maps like **Bermuda**, **Kalahari**, and **Purgatory**.

### Characters

_Free Fire_ has many characters, each with their own special skill. Some of them are based on real people such as:
- Cristiano Ronaldo (Chrono)
- DJ Alok (Alok)
- Anitta (A-Patroa)
- Justin Bieber (JBeibs)

### Pets

Players can also have pets that help in battle. Each pet has its own special skill.

## Development

Garena made the game with the Unity engine. It was first tested in beta in August 2017 and later released to the public in December that year.

## Popularity

_Free Fire_ was the most downloaded mobile game in 2019.
In 2021, the game made more money than _PUBG Mobile_ in the United States.

## Esports

_Free Fire_ is also popular in esports. The main event is called the **Free Fire World Series (FFWS)**. The 2021 FFWS in Singapore had more than 5.4 million people watching live — a world record at the time.

### Free Fire Max

Garena released a new version of _Free Fire_ called **Free Fire Max** on 28 September 2021. It has better graphics, sound, and lighting. Players from both games can play together. In September 2023, Garena plans to introduce _Free Fire India_, a special version of the game customized specifically for the Indian audience. It was originally set to be launched on 5 September 2023, but Garena postponed the date to 25 September citing that they are improving the gameplay.

### Free Fire India

In September 2023, Garena plans to introduce _Free Fire India_, a special version of the game for Indian players. It was originally set to be launched on 5 September 2023, but Garena postponed the date to 25 September, saying that they are improving the gameplay.

## Controversies

In January 2022, Krafton (the company behind _PUBG: Battlegrounds_) sued Garena, saying _Free Fire_ copied game elements from _PUBG_.
Later in 2022, the Indian government banned _Free Fire_ because of data and privacy worries.

## References

18. Free Fire Sets New Guinness World Record With 618,778 Participants in Jakarta

19.  SEA Games 2025 Free Fire BR Mode Thailand 1 Crowned Gold Medal Champions

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Free Fire
- **developer**: Garena
- **publisher**: Garena
- **engine**: Unity (game engine), Unity
- **platform**: Android (operating system), Android, iOS, iPadOS
- **release**: 8 December 2017
- **genre**: Battle royale game, Battle royale
- **modes**: Multiplayer video game, Multiplayer
English cricket tour of Australia, 1903/04

The **England** men's cricket team toured Australia in the 1903/04 season, playing 20 matches. Five were Test matches against Australia, and another nine were first-class fixtures against Sheffield Shield state teams. While the team was called England in the Tests, it was called Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in all its other matches. This was the first tour to be organised by MCC, and the club continued to run all England international tours until 1976/77.

England were captained by Pelham Warner. They won the Test series with three wins and two defeats, meaning they recovered "The Ashes", which Australia had held since 1897. In the nine first-class matches, MCC won six and drew three. They were also unbeaten in their six matches against non-first-class teams, winning one and drawing five. Warner wrote an account of the tour which he called _How We Recovered The Ashes_. It was first published by Messrs Chapman & Hall in 1904.

## Selection

After MCC agreed to form a team for the tour, they invited Stanley Jackson to be captain. He declined, and MCC turned to Warner, who accepted. A selection committee was then appointed, its members being Warner, Lord Harris, W. H. Patterson, A. G. Steel, and A. J. Webbe.
DIY transgender hormone therapy

**DIY transgender hormone therapy** is when transgender people get and use transgender hormone therapy on their own. They do this part of their gender transition without the help of a licensed medical provider. This may be caused by various problems accessing healthcare. A lot of transgender people face problems accessing healthcare. The amount of the trans community that uses DIY hormone therapy varies. Studies have found percentages ranging from 11% to 79%.

## Description

DIY transgender hormone therapy involves transgender people seeking to access transgender hormone therapy. However, they access it through friends, peers, or the internet. This way, they sometimes may be able to access it without consulting a health worker. Trans people can obtain information about hormone therapy from online sources. Some of these sources are made by the trans community.

In rare cases, some transgender people have tried to do DIY surgeries.

## Causes

A 2022 review article concluded that DIY hormone replacement therapy is related to challenges finding knowledgeable and non-stigmatising health workers. This study also found that lack of access to appropriate services, and exclusion played a role in the rise of DIY HRT. In addition, a connection was found to discomfort managing relationships with health workers. Lastly, a push for DIY came from cost and desire for a faster transition.

## Prevalence

Estimates of the popularity of DIY hormone therapy in the trans community vary significantly. One survey in Ontario found that 25% currently or formerly obtained DIY hormones.  For trans people of color living in San Francisco a different survey found that 63% had relied on DIY.
According to a 2022 review, at the low end, 11% of Ontarian transgender people report having used DIY HRT. At the other extreme, 79% of trans women from Rio de Janeiro have done the same. In between lies London at 31% of transgender people having used DIY hormones.  In addition to this, 49% of trans women in San Francisco report using DIY HRT
The use of DIY increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it had been common before.
The prevalence of DIY hormone usage has been estimated to be higher among trans women than trans men. A possible explanation is that Testosterone is a controlled substance in many places, and is therefore harder to obtain legally.

## Effectiveness

A 2022 review was done on the topic of self-administered gender-affirming hormones. It found no peer-reviewed studies on self-administered gender-affirming hormones' effectiveness.
UPS Airlines Flight 2976

**UPS Airlines Flight 2976** was a scheduled domestic cargo flight from Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, to Daniel K. Inouye International Airport in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. On November 4, 2025, the McDonnell Douglas MD-11F plane crashed shortly after takeoff from the runway at around 5:13 p.m. EST (UTC−5). The crash killed 15 people including all three crew members onboard. The accident is being investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). Over the next few days, the NTSB launched an investigation and it was discovered that the aircraft lost its left main engine on the runway.

## Infobox (aircraft occurrence)

- **name**: UPS Airlines Flight 2976‎
- **image**: UPS_2976_Motion_Camera_Still.png
- **caption**: A CCTV still of the aircraft crashing with its left wing separated
- **plane1 image**: UPS MD11 N259UP.jpg
- **plane1 caption**: N259UP, the aircraft involved, in March 2025
- **occurrence type**: Accident
- **total fatalities**: 15
- **total injuries**: 11+
- **total missing**: 16+
- **summary**: Crashed shortly after takeoff; under investigation
- **site**: Near Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- **aircraft type**: McDonnell Douglas MD-11, McDonnell Douglas MD-11F
- **operator**: UPS Airlines
- **iata**: 5X2976
- **icao**: UPS2976
- **callsign**: UPS 2976
- **tail number**: N259UP
- **origin**: Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport, Kentucky, United States
- **destination**: Daniel K. Inouye International Airport, Hawaii, United States
- **occupants**: 3‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎
- **crew**: 3‎ ‎ ‎ ‎
- **fatalities**: 3‎ ‎ ‎ ‎
- **survivors**: 0‎
- **ground fatalities**: 12
- **ground injuries**: 15
Rama Duwaji

**Rama Sawaf Duwaji** (; born June 30, 1997) is an American animator, illustrator, and ceramist who has been the First Lady of New York City since 2026. She is the city's first Gen Z first lady. An artist, her works have been used on Spotify, _The New Yorker_, _The Washington Post_, BBC, Apple, and Tate Modern.

Duwaji has been married to Mayor of New York City Mamdani since 2025.

Rama Sawaf Duwaji was born on June 30, 1997, in Houston, Texas.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rama Duwaji
- **image**: Rama Duwaji at Mamdani inauguration, 2026 (cropped).png
- **caption**: Duwaji in January 2026
- **office**: First Lady of New York City
- **term label**: Assumed role
- **status**: Current
- **term start**: January 1, 2026
- **1blankname**: Mayor
- **1namedata**:  Mamdani
- **predecessor**: Tracey Collins (_de facto_)
- **birth name**: Rama Sawaf Duwaji
- **birth place**: Houston, Texas, U.S.
Alexia Umansky

**Alexia Simone Umansky** (born June 18, 1996) is an American television personality and real estate agent. She has appeared as a main cast member on the Netflix reality television series _Buying Beverly Hills_ since 2022.

## Early life

Alexia Simone Umansky was born in Los Angeles, California on June 18, 1996, as the second of three daughters to Kyle Richards, an actress, and Mauricio Umansky, a real estate broker. She has two sisters; Sophia and Portia Umansky, and an older maternal half-sister Farrah Brittany. She is Jewish.

Umansky graduated Kappa Kappa Gamma from the Emerson College in 2018, with a Bachelor's degree in Marketing Communications.

### Family

Umansky's cousins through her aunt Kim Richards are Brooke Brinson, Whitney and Chad Davis, and Kimberly Jackson. She is also related to the Hilton family, through her aunt Kathy Hilton's marriage to uncle Richard Hilton; her cousins are Paris, Nicky, Barron, and Conrad Hilton III.

## Career

Umansky made her television debut in October 2010, on the Bravo reality television series _The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills_.

Umansky worked as an intern at The Agency RE, a global boutique real estate brokerage, based in Beverly Hills, California, which was co-founded by her father Mauricio Umansky since 2017.

Umansky joined the main cast of the Netflix reality television series _Buying Beverly Hills_ from the start in fall 2022.

## Personal life

A. Umansky resided in Boston from fall 2014 to summer 2018. She currently resides in Encino, Los Angeles with her parents and sisters, where she had lived before going to college, and is now married to Jake Zingerman in 2025. Her parents separated in 2023.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Notes|Ref.|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2010–present|_The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills_|55 episodes||
|2022|_Watch What Happens Live! with Andy Cohen_|1 episode||
|2022–present|_Buying Beverly Hills_|18 episodes||
|2023|_Dancing with the Stars_|32nd season; 2 episodes||
|2024|_We Are Family_|1 episode||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alexia Umansky
- **caption**: A. Umansky in 2023
- **birth name**: Alexia Simone Umansky
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **alma mater**: George Washington University
- **occupation**: Television personality, real estate agent
- **years active**: 2010–present
- **employer**: The Agency RE
- **television**: _The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills_
_Buying Beverly Hills_
Dale Caldwell

**Dale Gilbert Caldwell** (born July6, 1960) is an American education administrator, author, religious leader and politician who has been the 4th lieutenant governor and 35th secretary of state of New Jersey since 2026. He was the president of Centenary University from 2023 until 2025. He was the university's first black president.

On July 18, 2025, Caldwell was named by the _New Jersey Globe_ as one of a number of candidates being considered by Democratic gubernatorial nominee Mikie Sherrill to be her running mate in New Jersey's 2025 gubernatorial election. On July24, 2025, Sherrill selected Caldwell as her running mate, making him the Democratic candidate for lieutenant governor.

On December 1, 2025, Sherrill announced that Caldwell would also serve as the secretary of state.

## Other websites

- Campaign website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Dale Caldwell
- **image**: Lt. Governor Dr. Dale G. Caldwell.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2026
- **office**: 4th Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey
- **governor**: Mikie Sherrill
- **term start**: January 20, 2026
- **predecessor**: Tahesha Way
- **office1**: 35th Secretary of State of New Jersey
- **governor1**: Mikie Sherrill
- **term start1**: January 20, 2026
- **predecessor1**: Tahesha Way
- **office2**: 15th President of Centenary University
- **term start2**: July 1, 2023
- **term end2**: January 20, 2026
- **predecessor2**: Bruce Murphy
- **successor2**: John R. Schol
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 1
- **termend2**: December 1, 2025
Ghazala Hashmi

**Ghazala Firdous Hashmi** ( ; born July 5, 1964) is an American politician and academic serving as the 43rd lieutenant governor of Virginia since 2026. She is the first South Asian and Muslim woman elected to this office. Before becoming lieutenant governor, she was a Virginia state senator from 2020 to 2026.

Hashmi was born in Hyderabad, India. She was raised in Georgia. Hashmi graduated from Georgia Southern University with a bachelor's degree in English.

In November 2025, Hashmi was elected as Virginia's lieutenant governor, becoming the first Indian American and first Muslim to hold a statewide office in Virginia. She is also the first Muslim woman to win a statewide office anywhere in the United States.

## Other websites

- Legislative website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ghazala Hashmi
- **image**: File:Ghazala Hashmi 2025 (cropped).png
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **caption**: Hashmi in 2025
- **office**: 43rd Lieutenant Governor of Virginia
- **governor**: Abigail Spanberger
- **term start**: January 17, 2026
- **office1**: Member of the Virginia Senate
- **term start1**: January 8, 2020
- **term end1**: January 17, 2026
- **predecessor1**: Glen Sturtevant
- **successor1**: Michael Jones (Virginia politician), Michael Jones
- **constituency1**: Virginia's 10th Senate district, 10th district (2020–2024)
Virginia's 15th Senate district, 15th district (2024–2026)
- **birth name**: Ghazala Firdous Hashmi
- **birth place**: Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014), Andhra Pradesh (now Telangana), India
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Azhar Rafiq
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Georgia Southern University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Emory University (Master of Arts, MA, Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
- **website**:

- **predecessor**: Winsome Earle-Sears
Jay Jones

**Jerrauld Charles Corey "Jay" Jones** (born March 14, 1989) is an American politician and attorney who has been the 49th Attorney General of Virginia since 2026. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates for the 89th district from 2018 to 2022.

Jones ran for Virginia Attorney General in 2021, losing the Democratic primary to incumbent Mark Herring.

## 2025 Attorney General election

During his campaign for attorney general, Jones was criticized for text messages sent in 2022 in which he supported violence against the then–state house speaker Todd Gilbert and wished death on his children so his wife would feel the pain of gun violence. Jones apologized for the statements saying he was "ashamed".

Jones was elected Virginia Attorney-General in November 2025, beating Republican incumbent Jason Miyares by a seven percentage point margin. He is the first African-American to serve as Virginia Attorney General.

## Virginia Attorney General

On January 17, 2026, Jones was sworn into office by his mother, and Norfolk Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court Chief Judge, Lyn M. Simmons.

One of his first actions was to support extending Virginia's universal background check gun laws after a Lynchburg Circuit Court said that it unconstitutionally discriminated against adults aged 18 to 20.

## Other websites

- Jay Jones for Attorney General campaign website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jay Jones
- **image**: Jay Jones Speaks at rally in Fairfax City (cropped).png
- **caption**: Jones in 2025
- **office**: 49th Attorney General of Virginia
- **governor**: Abigail Spanberger
- **term start**: January 17, 2026
- **predecessor**: Jason Miyares
- **state delegate1**: Virginia
- **district1**: Virginia's 89th House of Delegates district, 89th
- **term start1**: January 10, 2018
- **term end1**: January 2, 2022
- **predecessor1**: Daun Hester
- **successor1**: Jackie Glass (politician), Jackie Glass
- **birth name**: Jerrauld Charles Corey Jones
- **birth place**: Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 2
- **relatives**: Jerrauld Jones (father)
- **education**: College of William and Mary (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of Virginia (Juris Doctor, JD)
Andrea de Adamich

**Andrea Lodovico de Adamich** (3 October 1941 – 5 November 2025) was an Italian racing driver. He took part in 34 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix. He made his first in Formula 1 appearance on 1 January 1968.  He scored a total of six championship points. He also took part in many non-championship Formula One races. De Adamich was born in Trieste, Italy.

De Adamich died on 5 November 2025 in Milan, Italy at the age of 84.
Donald DiFrancesco

**Donald Thomas DiFrancesco** (born November 20, 1944) is a retired American politician who was the 51st governor of New Jersey from 2001 to 2002. He replaced Christine Todd Whitman after her resignation to become Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. He is a member of the Republican Party. DiFrancesco was President of the New Jersey Senate from 1992 to 2002.

## Other websites

- New Jersey Governor Donald T. DiFrancesco, National Governors Association

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Donald DiFrancesco.jpg
- **name**: Donald DiFrancesco
- **order1**: 51st Governor of New Jersey
- **term start1**: January 31, 2001
- **term end1**: January 8, 2002
- **predecessor1**: Christine Todd Whitman
- **successor1**: John Farmer Jr. (acting)
- **office2**: 110th President of the New Jersey Senate
- **term start2**: January 14, 1992
- **term end2**: January 8, 2002
- **predecessor2**: John A. Lynch Jr.
- **successor2**: Robert E. Littell (acting)
- **office3**: Minority Leader of the New Jersey Senate
- **term start3**: January 12, 1982
- **term end3**: January 8, 1985
- **predecessor3**: Barry T. Parker
- **successor3**: S. Thomas Gagliano
- **state senate4**: New Jersey
- **district4**: New Jersey's 22nd legislative district, 22nd
- **term start4**: November 13, 1979
- **term end4**: January 8, 2002
- **predecessor4**: Peter McDonough
- **successor4**: Joseph Suliga
- **state assembly5**: New Jersey
- **district5**: New Jersey's 22nd legislative district, 22nd
- **term start5**: January 13, 1976
- **term end5**: November 13, 1979
- **predecessor5**: Arnold D'Ambrosa
Betty Wilson (politician), Betty Wilson
- **successor5**: Bob Franks
- **birth name**: Donald Thomas DiFrancesco
- **birth place**: Scotch Plains, New Jersey, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Diane DiFrancesco
- **education**: Pennsylvania State University (Bachelor of Science, BS)
Seton Hall University (Juris Doctor, JD)
Cara Spencer

**Cara Spencer** (born September 11, 1978) is an American politician who has been the 48th and current mayor of St. Louis, Missouri since 2025. She was on the St. Louis Board of Aldermen as alderwoman of Ward 8 from 2023 to 2025. She represented Ward 20 from 2015 to 2023.

## 2025 mayoral campaign

On May 23, 2024, Spencer announced her second candidacy for mayor of St. Louis in 2025, running against the incumbent Mayor Tishaura Jones.

On March 4, Spencer won the nonpartisan primary for mayor of St. Louis, earning 68% of the vote. On April 8, 2025, Spencer defeated Jones in the general election, receiving 64.2% of the popular vote.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Cara Spencer
- **image**: Cara Spencer crop.jpg
- **caption**: Spencer in 2017
- **office**: 48th Mayor of St. Louis
- **term start**: April 15, 2025
- **predecessor**: Tishaura Jones
- **office1**: Member of the St. Louis Board of Aldermen
- **term start1**: April 21, 2015
- **term end1**: April 15, 2025
- **predecessor1**: Craig Schmid
- **successor1**: Jami Cox Antwi
- **constituency1**: Ward 20 (2015–2023)
Ward 8 (2023–2025)
- **birth place**: St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: Truman State University (Bachelor of Science, BS)
Corey O'Connor

**Corey O'Connor** (born August 22, 1984) is an American politician who is the Mayor-elect of Pittsburgh. He was elected mayor in 2025, having defeated incumbent mayor Ed Gainey in the May primary election. He has been the Allegheny County controller in Pennsylvania since July 10, 2022. He was a member of the Pittsburgh City Council and represented District 5.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Corey O'Connor
- **office**: List of mayors of Pittsburgh, Mayor-elect of Pittsburgh
- **term start**: January 2026
- **succeeding**: Ed Gainey
- **predecessor**: Ed Gainey
- **office1**: Controller of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County
- **term start1**: July 10, 2022
- **predecessor1**: Chelsa Wagner
- **successor1**: TBD
- **office2**: Member of the Pittsburgh City Council
from the 5th district
- **term start2**: January 3, 2012
- **term end2**: July 10, 2022
- **predecessor2**: Doug Shields
- **successor2**: Barbara Greenwood Warwick
- **birth place**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Katie McLaughlin
- **relatives**: Bob O'Connor (mayor), Bob O'Connor (father)
- **education**: Duquesne University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Mary Sheffield

**Mary Sheffield** (born 1987) is an American politician who is the mayor-elect of Detroit. She has been a member of the Detroit City Council since 2014. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She has been the president of City Council since 2022, as the youngest person ever to hold that office.

Sheffield was elected mayor of Detroit in November 2025, defeating Solomon Kinloch Jr.. She is set to become the first woman to be elected mayor of Detroit.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mary Sheffield
- **image**: State of the Youth with Mary Sheffield (6C5A7985) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Sheffield in 2024
- **office**: List of mayors of Detroit, Mayor-elect of Detroit
- **term start**: January 2, 2026
- **succeeding**: Mike Duggan
- **predecessor**: Mike Duggan
- **office1**: President of the Detroit City Council
- **term start1**: January 1, 2022
- **predecessor1**: Brenda Jones (politician), Brenda Jones
- **successor1**: TBD
- **office2**: Member of the Detroit City Council
from the 5th district
- **term start2**: January 1, 2014
- **predecessor2**: Constituency established
- **successor2**: Renata Miller (elect)
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **relatives**: Horace Sheffield III (father)
Republican Party of Virginia

The **Republican Party of Virginia** (**RPV**) is the Virginia affiliate of the Republican Party. It is based at the Richard D. Obenshain Center in Richmond.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Republican Party of Virginia
- **colorcode**: #B30000
- **chairman**: Mark Peake
- **leader1 title**: Governor of Virginia
- **leader1 name**: Glenn Youngkin
- **leader2 title**: Lieutenant Governor of Virginia
- **leader2 name**: Winsome Sears
- **leader3 title**: Senate of Virginia, Senate Minority Leader
- **leader3 name**: Ryan McDougle
- **ideology**: Conservatism in the United States, Conservatism
- **student wing**: High School Republican Federation of Virginia
- **headquarters**: Obenshain Center
115 E. Grace St.
Richmond, Virginia 23219
- **country**: Virginia
- **national**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **colors**: Red states and blue states, Red
- **seats1 title**: Government of Virginia, Statewide Executive Offices
- **seats2 title**: Senate of Virginia, Senate
- **seats3 title**: Virginia House of Delegates, House of Delegates
- **seats4 title**: United States Senate, U.S. Senate
- **seats5 title**: United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives
- **seats6 title**: Fairfax County Board of Supervisors
- **leader5 name**: Terry Kilgore
- **leader5 title**: Virginia House of Delegates, House Minority Leader
- **symbol**:
Jodey Arrington

**Jodey Cook Arrington** ( ; born March 9, 1972) is an American politician. He has been the U.S. representative for  since 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Arrington was a member of George W. Bush's gubernatorial and presidential administrations. In 2000, he was appointed Special Assistant to the President and Associate Director of Presidential Personnel.

As a member of Congress, Arrington sponsored the One Big Beautiful Bill Act during the 119th Congress.

In November 2025, Arrington announced that he would not seek re-election in 2026.

## Other websites

- U.S. House website
- Campaign website
- Arrington article on Hurricane Katrina

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jodey Arrington
- **image**: Jodey Arrington 115th congress photo.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2017
- **office**: Chair of the United States House Committee on the Budget, House Budget Committee
- **term start**: January 3, 2023
- **predecessor**: John Yarmuth
- **state1**: Texas
- **term start1**: January 3, 2017
- **predecessor1**: Randy Neugebauer
- **birth name**: Jodey Cook Arrington
- **birth place**: Plainview, Texas, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Texas Tech University (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Master of Public Administration, MPA)
- **website**:
Texas's 19th congressional district

**Texas's 19th congressional district** of the United States House of Representatives includes the upper midwestern part of the state of Texas. The district includes parts of the State from Lubbock to Abilene.  The current Representative from the 19th district is Republican Jodey Arrington.

With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+25, it is one of the most Republican districts in Texas.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: Texas
- **district number**: 19
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
- **representative**: Jodey Arrington
- **party**: Republican
- **residence**: Lubbock
- **percent urban**: 74.25
- **percent rural**: 25.75
- **population**: 787,118
- **population year**: 2024
- **median income**: $64,889
- **percent white**: 50.2
- **percent black**: 6.3
- **percent asian**: 1.8
- **percent more than one race**: 2.7
- **percent hispanic**: 38.3
- **percent other race**: 0.7
- **cpvi**: R+25
James H. Clark

**James Henry Clark** (born March 23, 1944) is an American businessman and computer scientist. He founded many well known Silicon Valley technology companies, including Silicon Graphics, Netscape, myCFO, and Healtheon. His research work in computer graphics helped create the fast rendering of three-dimensional computer images.

In 1998, Clark was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering.

Clark was born in Plainview, Texas, on March 23, 1944. He studied at the University of New Orleans where he earned his bachelor's and a master's degrees in physics, followed by a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Utah in 1974.

## Other websites

- "Jim Clark", Salon.com, November 24, 1999.
- "James H. Clark", _Business Week_, 1999.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: James H. Clark
- **image**: James H. Clark.jpg
- **caption**: Clark in 2013
- **birth name**: James Henry Clark
- **birth place**: Plainview, Texas, Plainview, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **field**: Computer science
Computer graphics
- **work institution**: Silicon Graphics
Netscape
New York Institute of Technology
Stanford University
- **alma mater**: University of Utah
University of New Orleans
- **doctoral advisor**: Ivan Sutherland
- **thesis title**: 3-D design of free-form B-spline surfaces
- **spouse**: Nancy Rutter
Kristy Hinze (m. 2009)
- **children**: 4
- **thesis year**: 1974
- **thesis url**: https://www.proquest.com/docview/302745448
Mount Bethel, Pennsylvania

**Mount Bethel** is an unincorporated community in Upper Mount Bethel Township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Mount Bethel, Pennsylvania
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area#United States, Unincorporated community
- **image skyline**: PA 611 nb approaching PA 512, Nov. 2022.jpg
- **image caption**: Northbound on Pennsylvania Route 611, PA Route 611 in Mouth Bethel
- **map caption**: Location of Mount Bethel in Pennsylvania
- **pushpin map**: Pennsylvania#USA
- **pushpin label**: Mount Bethel
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Pennsylvania, County
- **subdivision name2**: Northampton County, Pennsylvania, Northampton
- **subdivision type3**: List of townships in Pennsylvania, Township
- **subdivision name3**: Upper Mount Bethel Township, Pennsylvania, Upper Mount Bethel
- **population metro**: 865,310 (US: Metropolitan statistical area, 68th)
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 525
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 18343
- **area codes**: Area codes 570 and 272, 570 and 272
- **blank name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank info**: 1213141
Upper Mount Bethel Township, Pennsylvania

**Upper Mount Bethel Township** is a township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population of Upper Mount Bethel Township was 6,439 at the 2020 census. The township is part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Upper Mount Bethel Township
- **settlement type**: Township (Pennsylvania), Township
- **image skyline**: Upper Mount Bethel Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania.jpg
- **image caption**: Rolling hills in Upper Mount Bethel Township in July 2006
- **image map**: Map of Upper Mount Bethel Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania Highlighted.png
- **map caption**: Upper Mount Bethel Township in Northampton County, Pennsylvania
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Pennsylvania
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Pennsylvania, County
- **subdivision name2**: Northampton County, Pennsylvania, Northampton
- **established title**: Founded
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 113.93
- **area total sq mi**: 43.99
- **area land km2**: 109.88
- **area land sq mi**: 42.42
- **area water km2**: 4.05
- **area water sq mi**: 1.57
- **elevation ft**: 699
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 6439
- **population density km2**: 58.60
- **population density sq mi**: 151.78
- **population metro**: 865,310 (US: Metropolitan statistical area, 68th)
- **timezone1**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset1**: -5
- **timezone1 dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -4
- **area codes**: Area code 570 and 272, 570 and Area codes 610, 484, and 835, 610
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 42-095-79184
- **blank1 name**: Primary airport
- **blank1 info**: Lehigh Valley International Airport
- **blank2 name**: Major hospital
- **blank2 info**: Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest
- **blank3 name**: School district
- **blank3 info**: Bangor Area School District, Bangor Area
- **blank2 name sec2**: Wikimedia Commons
Curtis Sliwa

**Curtis Anthony Sliwa** (born March 26, 1954) is an American perennial candidate and radio talk show host. He is the founder and chief executive officer of the Guardian Angels. Sliwa was the Republican nominee for Mayor of New York City in the 2025 election. He won the election to the Democratic candidate, Zohran Mamdani. He was also the Republican mayoral nominee for the 2021 election, losing the general election to Democratic nominee Eric Adams.

On June 19, 1992, Sliwa was kidnapped and shot by two gunmen after entering a stolen taxi in Manhattan. The taxi picked up Sliwa near his home in the East Village. Sliwa underwent surgery for internal injuries and leg wounds. Federal prosecutors eventually charged John A. Gotti, the son of Gambino crime family leader John Gotti, with attempted murder and a raft of other charges.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Curtis Sliwa
- **image**: Curtis Sliwa 23 Oct 2025 - 1.jpg
- **caption**: Sliwa in 2025
- **office**: Chair of the Reform Party of New York State, New York Reform Party
- **term start**: September 2016
- **term end**: November 2018
- **predecessor**: Bill Morrell
- **successor**: Bill Morrell
- **birth name**: Curtis Anthony Sliwa
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican (before 2016, 2021–present)
Reform Party of the United States of America, Reform (2016–2020)
- **partner**: Melinda Katz ( 2014)
- **children**: 3
Leptodactylus melanonotus

The **Mexican river frog**, **rana dedilarga dorsinegra**, **black-backed frog**, **reddish-brown white-lipped frog**, **black jungle-frog**, **fringe-toed foamfrog**, **Sabinal frog**, **black-backed thin-toed frog**(_Leptodactylus melanonotus_) is a frog.  It lives in Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.

## Home

This frog lives in forests but it can also live in mangrove tree swamps, grassy places, places where plants are growing back after being cut down, and flooded places where animals eat grass. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 1550 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw the frog in protected places: Meseta de Cacaxtla protected area, Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve, El Veladero National Park, Lagunas de Chacahua National Parks, Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Pantanos de Centla Biosphere Reserve, Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, Laguna de Términos reserve, and Balaan Kaax reserve.

## Young

The frog digs a hole for its eggs. The female frog makes a nest out of bubbles to put her eggs in. If the hole becomes too dry, the female frog will dig to water to fill it with water again.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Pollution from chemicals sprayed by airplanes might hurt this frog.
Shawano, Wisconsin

**Shawano** is a city and a county seat of Shawano County, Wisconsin. It was founded in 1853. As of 2020 census, 9,243 people lived here.
Oinam Biramangol

**Oinam Biramangol Singh** (, died April 27, 2019) was an Indian theatre artist and actor from Manipur. He was a Sangeet Natak Akademi Award recipient and was well known for his roles in Meitei theatre and radio plays.

## Early life and career

Oinam Biramangol Singh began his career in theatre as a child artist. He worked with several theatre groups including Raja Dumbra Singh Theatre, Aryan Theatre, and was a chairman of the Rupmahal Theatre.
Over his lifetime, he acted in nearly 150 plays and directed many of them.

## Theatre work

He became popular for playing the role of Karna (a Mahabharata hero) in the radio plays _Karnagi Mama ()_ and _Karnagi Aroiba Yahip (),_ among others.
At Rupmahal Theatre, he played the role of Bir Tikendrajit Singh in the play _Bir Tikendrajit_. His performance in this role was highly praised by audiences and peers.

## Awards and recognition

In 2016, Oinam Biramangol Singh received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for Acting. The award was presented by President Ram Nath Kovind.
He was also conferred the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Manipur State Film Awards 2017 for his contribution to Meitei cinema.

## Felicitation by Rupmahal Theatre

On February 4, 2018, Rupmahal Theatre held a felicitation ceremony in honor of Oinam Biramangol Singh at its auditorium. The event was held along with the closing and award presentation ceremony of the 18th Rupmahal Artists Memorial Drama Festival – 2017.

## Death

Oinam Biramangol Singh passed away on April 27, 2019, at his residence in Wangkhei Angom Leikai, Imphal East. He was 94 years old.

## Related pages

- Oinam family
Oinam Bhogeshwar

**Oinam Bhogeshwar Singh** _(),_ also known as **O. Bhogeshwor**, or **O. Bhogeswar**, or **O. Bhogeswor**, or **O. Bhogeshor**, or **O. Bhogesor**, is an Indian scholar, editor, and writer associated with Meitei literature (alias Manipuri literature). He is best known for his editorial work on early and medieval Manipuri texts and for his contributions to the preservation and study of classical Meitei manuscripts and literary traditions.
He contributed to the collection, editing, and interpretation of ancient Meitei literature (old Manipuri literary works).

## Career

Bhogeshwar Singh played a prominent role in the study and preservation of Meitei manuscripts and classical texts. His editorial and research work focused on both old and medieval Manipuri literature, which form a core part of the Manipuri literary corpus.

Among his noted contributions are editions of significant texts such as:

- Numit Kappa (Old Manipuri literature)

- Chandrakirti Jila Changba (Medieval Manipuri literature)

- Cheitharol Kumbaba (Royal chronicle of Manipur)

These works are often included in university syllabi and the UPSC Civil Services Examination (Manipuri Literature Optional), underscoring their literary and academic importance.

## Selected works

- Numit Kappa (ed.)

- Chandrakirti Jila Changba (ed.)

- Cheitharol Kumbaba V I (ed.)

- Ningthourol Sheireng (1967)

- Moirang Ningthourol Lambuba

- Ningthourol Lambuba (1967/68)

- Sanamahi Laikan , ( Imphal : 1972 )

- Nongsamei Puya , Imphal , 1973

- Loyumba Sinyen ( 1975 )

## Related pages

- Oinam family
Jennifer Geerlings-Simons

**Jennifer Geerlings-Simons** ( **Simons**; born 5 September 1953) is a Surinamese physician and politician who has been the tenth president of Suriname since 2025. She is a member of the National Democratic Party (NDP). She has been the party's president since 2024.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, Her Excellency
- **name**: Jennifer Geerlings-Simons
- **image**: Jennifer Simons in 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Geerlings-Simons in 2015
- **order**: 10th
- **office**: President of Suriname
- **term start**: 16 July 2025
- **vicepresident**: Gregory Rusland
- **predecessor**: Chan Santokhi
- **office1**: President of the National Democratic Party (Suriname), National Democratic Party
- **term start1**: 13 July 2024
- **predecessor1**: Dési Bouterse
- **office2**: List of chairmen of the National Assembly of Suriname, Chairperson of the National Assembly of Suriname
- **term start2**: 30 June 2010
- **term end2**: 28 June 2020
- **predecessor2**: Paul Somohardjo
- **successor2**: Ronnie Brunswijk
- **office3**: Member of the National Assembly (Suriname), National Assembly
- **term start3**: 23 May 1996
- **term end3**: 25 May 2020
- **constituency3**: Paramaribo District
- **birth name**: Jennifer Simons
- **birth place**: Paramaribo, Surinam (Dutch colony), Colony of Suriname
- **party**: National Democratic Party (Suriname), National Democratic
- **alma mater**: Anton de Kom University of Suriname, University of Suriname (Doctorandus, Drs.)
- **children**: 3
- **profession**: Physician
Valley Stream, New York

**Valley Stream** is a village in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. The population in the Village of Valley Stream was 40,634 at the time of the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Valley Stream, New York
- **official name**: Incorporated Village of Valley Stream
- **settlement type**: Village (New York), Village
- **image skyline**: Valley Stream NY and parkways.jpg
- **image caption**: Valley Stream and the surrounding areas, as seen from the air.
- **pushpin map**: USA New York Long Island#New York
- **pushpin label position**: none
- **pushpin map caption**: Location on Long Island##Location within the state of New York
- **image map**: Nassau County New York incorporated and unincorporated areas Valley Stream highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Nassau County, New York, Nassau County and the state of New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name2**: Nassau County, New York, Nassau
- **leader title**: Mayor (United States), Mayor
- **leader name**: Edwin A. Fare
- **leader title1**: Deputy mayor, Deputy Mayor
- **leader name1**: John Tufarelli
- **established date**: February 14, 1925
- **area total km2**: 9.05
- **area land km2**: 9.01
- **area water km2**: 0.04
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 40634
- **population density km2**: 4511.16
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **area total sq mi**: 3.50
- **area land sq mi**: 3.48
- **area water sq mi**: 0.02
- **elevation m**: 5
- **elevation ft**: 16
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 11580-11583
- **area code**: Area codes 516 and 363, 516, 363
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-76705
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2391182
- **population density sq mi**: 11683.15
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **subdivision type3**: Town (New York), Town
- **subdivision name3**: Hempstead (town), New York, Hempstead
- **established title**: Municipal incorporation, Incorporated
- **area code type**: Area codes
- **named for**: Valley Stream Brook
Au Kam San

**Au Kam San** is a teacher and former member of Legislative Assembly of Macau. He belonged to the New Democratic Macau Association. He is regarded as one of the pillars of democratic movement in Macau. He was under investigation by the Government of Macau for alleged crime under the Macau National Security Law in late July 2025.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Au Kam San
- **native name lang**: zh-hant
- **image**: Au Kam San.JPG
- **caption**: 2008
- **birth place**: Macau
- **spouse**: Cheang Mio San
Atomic (song)

"**Atomic**" is a 1980 song by American band Blondie and is the third single from their fourth studio album _Eat to the Beat_. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, number 39 in the United States, number 3 in Ireland, number 7 in New Zealand, number 5 in Norway and Austria and number 12 in Australia. It was covered by Party Animals in 1997.

## Track listing

- **UK 7" (Chrysalis CHS 2410)**
- **US 7" (Chrysalis CHS 2410)**
1. "Atomic" (7" Mix) (Deborah Harry, Jimmy Destri) – 3:48
1. "Die Young Stay Pretty" (Deborah Harry, Chris Stein) – 3:27

- **UK 12" (Chrysalis CHS 12 2410)**
1. "Atomic" (7" Mix) (Deborah Harry, Jimmy Destri) – 3:48
1. "Die Young Stay Pretty" (Deborah Harry, Chris Stein) – 3:27
1. "Heroes" (Live) (David Bowie, Brian Eno) – 6:28
<small>(Recorded live at The Hammersmith Odeon, London, on January 12, 1980. Produced by C. Stein, J. Destri and P. Maloney.)</small>

- **UK 1994 Remix CD1 (7243 8 81661 2 6)**
1. "Atomic" (Diddy's Edit) – 4:10
1. "Atomic" (Diddy's 12" Mix) – 6:54
1. "Atomic" (Diddy's Push The Button Mix) – 6:06
1. "Atomic" (Boom Mix) – 5:49
1. "Atomic" (New Disco Mix) – 7:56

- **UK 1994 Remix CD2 (7243 8 81662 2 5)**
1. "Atomic" (Diddy's Edit) – 4:10
1. "Sunday Girl" – 3:01
1. "Union City Blue" – 3:18
1. "Atomic" (Original 1980 7" Edit) – 3:50

- **US 1995 Remix CD (7243 8 58340 2 8)**
1. "Atomic" (Diddy's Remix Edit) – 4:10 *
1. "Atomic" (Original Single Version) – 3:50 **
1. "Atomic" (Diddy's 12" Mix) – 6:54
1. "Atomic" (Armand's Atomizer Mix) – 9:00
1. "Atomic" (Explosive Ecstasy Mix) – 5:50
1. "Atomic" (Beautiful Drum and Bass Mix) – 7:43
1. "Atomic" (New Disco Mix) – 7:56
1. "Slow Motion" (Stripped Down Motown Mix) – 3:30

<small>(* Identical to the UK _Diddy's Edit_ version.)</small>
<small>(** Identical to the UK _Original 1980 7" Edit_ version.)</small>

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Atomic
- **caption**: US single picture sleeve
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Blondie (band), Blondie
- **album**: Eat to the Beat
- **b-side**: Die Young, Stay Pretty
- **released**: February 1980
- **recorded**: 1979
- **genre**: * Dance-rock
* disco
* Pop music, pop
* New wave music, new wave
- **length**: * 4:35 (album version)
* 3:48 (single edit)
- **label**: Chrysalis Records, Chrysalis
- **writer**: * Debbie Harry
* Jimmy Destri
- **producer**: Mike Chapman
- **prev title**: Call Me (Blondie song), Call Me
- **prev year**: 1980
- **next title**: The Tide Is High
- **next year**: 1980
The End Is the Beginning Is the End

"**The End Is the Beginning Is the End**" is a 1997 song by the Smashing Pumpkins and was used in the 1997 movie "**Batman & Robin**". It went to number 10 in the United Kingdom and Australia, number 6 in New Zealand, number 29 in Canada, number 7 in Ireland and Finland, number 3 in Spain and Iceland, number 9 in Scotland and number 15 in Italy. It won a Grammy Award in 1998.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: The End Is the Beginning Is the End
- **type**: single
- **artist**: the Smashing Pumpkins
- **album**: Batman & Robin (soundtrack), Batman & Robin: Music from and Inspired by the "Batman & Robin" Motion Picture
- **b-side**: * "The Ethers Tragic"
* "The Guns of Love Disastrous"
- **genre**: Hard rock
- **length**: 5:07
- **label**: Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros.
- **writer**: Billy Corgan
- **producer**: Nellee Hooper, Billy Corgan
- **prev title**: Eye (song), Eye
- **prev year**: 1997
- **next title**: Ava Adore
- **next year**: 1998