juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Republic of Upper Volta

**Republic of Upper Volta** is an old name for the country in Africa which is known as Burkina Faso today. It was a French colony, which became independent in 1960. Upper Volta existed as a French colony from 1918 to 1932. In 1932, it was disbanded, and its territory was shared between the neighboring countries, French Sudan, Niger and Ivory Coast. In 1947, Upper Volta was restored, with its former borders.

## Infobox (former country)

- **native name**: _République de Haute-Volta_ (French language, French)
- **conventional long name**: Republic of Upper Volta
- **common name**: Upper Volta
- **era**: Cold War
- **government type**: Republic
- **year start**: 1958
- **year end**: 1984
- **event start**: Self-governing colony
- **date start**: December 11
- **event end**: Geographical renaming, Renamed
- **date end**: August 4
- **event1**: Independence
- **date event1**: August 5, 1960
- **p1**: French Upper Volta
- **flag p1**: Flag of France.svg
- **s1**: Burkina Faso
- **flag s1**: Flag of Burkina Faso.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of Upper Volta.svg
- **flag**: Flag of Upper Volta
- **image coat**: Coat of arms of Upper Volta.svg
- **image map**: LocationBurkinaFaso.svg
- **capital**: Ouagadougou
- **national motto**: "UnitéTravailJustice" <small>
"UnityWorkJustice"</small>
- **national anthem**: _Hymne National Voltaïque_
- **common languages**: French language, French
- **currency**: West African CFA franc, CFA franc
- **title leader**: President of Upper Volta, President
- **leader1**: Maurice Yaméogo
- **year leader1**: 1959–1966
- **leader2**: Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo
- **year leader2**: 1982–1983
- **leader3**: Thomas Sankara
- **year leader3**: 1983–1984
- **title representative**: List of governors of Upper Volta, High Commissioner
- **representative1**: Max Berthet
- **year representative1**: 1958–1959
- **representative2**: Paul Masson
- **year representative2**: 1959–1960
- **deputy1**: Gérard Kango Ouédraogo
- **year deputy1**: 1971–1974
- **deputy2**: Thomas Sankara
- **year deputy2**: 1983
- **title deputy**: Prime Minister of Upper Volta, Prime Minister
Mutesa II of Buganda

**Sir Edward Frederick William David Walugembe Mutebi Luwangula Muteesa II** (19 November 1924 – 21 November 1969) was Kabaka of the Kingdom of Buganda from 22 November 1939 until his death. He was the thirty-fifth Kabaka of Buganda and the first President of Uganda. The foreign press often referred to him as **King Freddie**, a name rarely used in Uganda.
Er Wang San Ke

**Erwang Sanke** (二王三恪) or "the two crownings and the three respects" is something Chinese emperors did to honor the previous dynasty. For example the Sui dynasty came directly before the Tang. So the Tang may honor descendants of the Sui royal family. The Tang would do this by giving these Sui descendants land to rule over. The Tang said you can control these lands and use laws of the previous Sui dynasty if you wish. There may also be a sacrifice at a religious place.

This was done to show respect to previous dynasties. This was also to make a peaceful transition of power.

It has been done in every major Chinese dynasty from the Xia to the Qing.

Sometimes people would pretend to be the descendants of the previous dynasty just to get this benefit.

## Name

Er wang 二王 means two rulers. This refers to the current ruler and the previous ruler.

San ke 三恪 means three respects. This could refer to how this was done for the first three generation descendants of the previous ruler (their children, grandchildren, and great grandchildren).
NEC

is a Japanese multinational provider of information technology (IT) services and products. It is headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It provides IT and network solutions to businesses, communications services providers and to government agencies. It has also been the biggest PC seller in Japan since the 1980s. The company was known as the **Nippon Electric Company, Limited**, before rebranding in 1983 as NEC.

NEC was the world's fourth biggest PC manufacturer by 1990. Its NEC Semiconductors business unit was the global semiconductor sales leader between 1985 and 1990, the second largest in 1995, one of the top three in 2000, and one of the top 10 in 2006. It was still one of the top 20 semiconductor sales leaders before merging with Renesas Electronics. NEC is a member of the Sumitomo Group.

NEC was #463 on the 2017 Fortune 500 list.

## Related pages

- TurboGrafx-16

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: NEC Corporation
- **native name**: 日本電気株式会社
- **native name lang**: ja
- **romanized name**: Nippon Denki kabushiki gaisha
- **logo**: NEC logo.svg
- **image**: NEC Super Tower.jpg
- **image caption**: The NEC Supertower in Minato, Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo, Japan, the headquarters of NEC
- **type**: Public Company, Public Kabushiki gaisha, KK
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **revenue**: (2019)
- **operating income**: (2019)
- **net income**: (2019)
- **assets**: (2019)
- **equity**: (2019)
- **num employees**: 109,390 (2019)
- **subsid**: NEC Corporation of America, NEC Europe
- **founded**:
Tokyo, Japan
- **location city**: 5-7-2, Shiba, Tokyo, Shiba, Minato, Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo
- **location country**: Japan
Neoconservatism

**Neoconservatism** (often shortened as **neocon**) is a form of American conservatism that emphasizes an aggressive American foreign policy. It started in the United States during the 1960s. Neocons supported the Vietnam war, but disliked the Democratic party, Great Society, and the New Left.

Neoconservative sometimes refers to people who started as anti-Stalinists and then became American conservatives during the 1960s and 1970s.

## Examples

Some neocons are Republicans, like the United States Presidents from the 1970s to the 2000s. For example, George W. Bush started the 2003 invasion of Iraq. His neocon advisors include Paul Wolfowitz, Elliott Abrams, Richard Perle, and Paul Bremer. Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld are also often said to be Neocons.  They supported the defence of Israel during the Second Intifada and the American wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.  Very few of those people actually called themselves Neoconservatives though. Some people who call themselves Neoconservatives are Douglas Murray and Reihan Salaam.

## Where it came from

The idea started in the 1960s with Jewish magazine _Commentary_, edited by Norman Podhoretz and published by the American Jewish Committee. They opposed the New Left and thus started the neocon movement. The name was invented in the 1970s.
American exceptionalism

**American exceptionalism** is the belief that

1. the US is unique and special
1. the US has a unique mission to transform the world
1. the US is superior to other nations because of its unique history and mission

## Unique nation

The US started from the American Revolutionary War. Martin Lipset calls it the "first new nation". It developed an American set of ideas (Americanism) based on republicanism, democracy, laissez-faire (no government interference in economy), liberty, equality, individualism (importance of individual).

## Unique mission

Abraham Lincoln said in the Gettysburg address (1863), that Americans have a responsibility to make sure that the "government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

## Related pages

- American decline
- American imperialism
- Americanism (ideology)
- Americanization
- Americentrism
- Anti-Americanism
- Juche (nationalist North Korean state ideology)
- Sonderweg (German exceptionalism)
- Yamato-damashii (Japanese spirit)
- Nihonjinron (Japanese uniqueness)
Cartigny, Switzerland

**Cartigny** is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Cartigny
- **image photo**: Cartigny-1a.jpg
- **municipality name**: Cartigny
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Cartigny COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Cartigny.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Geneva
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GE
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 1236
- **municipality code**: 6609
- **area**: 4.38
- **elevation**: 430
- **website**: www.cartigny.ch
- **mayor**: Carine Zach
- **mayor title**: Maire
- **demonym**: Cartiginois/Cartiginoise
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aire-la-Ville, Avully, Avusy, Bernex, Switzerland, Bernex, Laconnex, Russin
Neoconservatism (Japan)

**Neoconservatism** in Japan refers to the new generation of Japanese conservatives.

They are nationalistic and think Japan is unique and special.

They think they are not responsible for Japan's conquests and wartime history, Japanese war crimes, the Nanjing Massacre, and the Japanese colonization of Korea.

They want to change the Japanese constitution and remove Article 9. After losing WW2, Japan wrote into its constitution that it is not allowed to wage war. This is Article 9. The USA helped write it because he wanted to prevent Japan from ever attacking the US or any other country like when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.

However Japanese neoconservatives want to restore the military in that they want to use the Japanese "Self-Defense" Forces to for more than just "self-defense". But this is against Article 9.

Some like Shinzō Abe have visited the Yasukuni Shrine to honor Japanese soldiers who murdered and raped Koreans, Chinese, and other Asians.

They do not like China and refuse to apologize for Imperial Japan's war crimes.

They do not like Korea either, North or South. They do not think their relationship with Korea is special.

Some like Shintaro Ishihara want fewer immigrants. Some want to ban foreigners from voting, and only "Japanese nationals" should have the right.
Gy, Switzerland

**Gy** is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland, near the border with France.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Gy
- **image photo**: Gy-GE-aerial-1.JPG
- **municipality name**: Gy
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Gy COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Gy.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Geneva
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GE
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 1251
- **municipality code**: 6624
- **area**: 3.28
- **elevation**: 405
- **website**: www.mairie-gy.ch
- **mayor**: Gérald Meylan
- **mayor title**: Maire
- **demonym**: Gytan/Gytane
- **neighboring municipalities**: Corsier, Jussy, Switzerland, Jussy, Machilly (FR-74), Meinier, Veigy-Foncenex (FR-74)
Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (8-bit video game)

is a platform game developed by Aspect and published by Sega for the Master System and Game Gear. The Master System version was released in Europe on October 1992. The Game Gear version was released in Europe in October 1992, and in North America and Japan in November 1992. It's a sequel to _Sonic the Hedgehog_ for Master System and Game Gear.

The Master System version of the game was not released outside Europe and Brazil. The Master System version was released for the Wii's Virtual Console in 2008.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Sonic the Hedgehog 2
- **image**: Sonic 2 logo.png
- **developer**: Aspect (company), Aspect
- **publisher**: Sega
- **series**: _Sonic the Hedgehog (series), Sonic the Hedgehog_
- **released**: **Master System****Game Gear**
- **genre**: Platform game, Platform
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player
- **platforms**: Master System, Game Gear
Zhongyuan

**Zhongyuan** () or the **Central Plains** are plains in the middle of China. It is southwest of Beijing. The Yellow River goes through it. It is where Chinese civilization originated from.

It is part of the North China Plain.

Since the beginning of recorded history, the Central Plain had central importance to the Middle Kingdom (China 中国).

It was considered the “Center of the World”. It was the capital of the Xia dynasty. The earliest Chinese writing, the Jiahu symbols and Jiagu writing came from here.

_Zhongyuan_ is sometimes used to refer to all of Chinese civilization.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **other name**: Central Plain
- **image map**: Central Plain, China.jpg
- **map caption**: Map showing the province of Henan and two definitions of the Central Plain or Zhongyuan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: China
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of China, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Henan
- **subdivision type2**: Major Cities
- **subdivision name2**: Zhengzhou
Luoyang
Kaifeng
Xinxiang
- **population metro**: ~24,170,000
Cuphead

***Cuphead*** is a run and gun indie video game developed and published by StudioMDHR. It was announced in 2013. It was released for Microsoft Windows and Xbox One in September 2017. It was released for macOS in October 2018, and for Nintendo Switch in April 2019. The game was inspired by the rubber hose style of animation used in cartoons of the 1930s.

## Reception

Ben Kuchera of _Polygon_ wrote that _Cuphead_ was one of the five most interesting games at Microsoft's E3 2014 press conference, even though he knew little about the game other than its aesthetic. He said it "stood out immediately" and that everyone in the website's press room reacted well to the trailer. _Cuphead_ won the _IGN_ Best Xbox One game at E3 award in 2015. It won the award for "Best Indie Game" at the Gamescom 2015 Awards. It was also nominated as "Best Independent Game" at the E3 2016 Game Critics Awards.

Many people say that _Cuphead_ is a difficult game.

### Awards

_Entertainment Weekly_ said _Cuphead_ was fifth on the list of its "Best Games of 2017". GamesRadar said it was ninth on their list of the 25 Best Games of 2017". _Polygon_ said it was 14th on their list of the "50 best games of 2017".

## Animated series

A animated series based on the video game, which is titled The Cuphead Show!, was released on February 18, 2021.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Cuphead
- **image**: Cuphead promo logo ddwtd.png
- **developer**: StudioMDHR
- **publisher**: StudioMDHR
- **designer**: Jared Moldenhauer
- **artist**: Chad Moldenhauer
- **writer**: Evan Skolnick
- **composer**: Kristofer Maddigan
- **engine**: Unity (game engine), Unity
- **genre**: Run and gun (video game), Run and gun
- **modes**: Single-player, multiplayer
Polygon (website)

***Polygon*** is an American video game website that publishes news, culture, reviews, and videos. _Polygon_ wanted to focus on the stories of the people making the games instead of the games themselves. They also produced long-form magazine-style feature articles, invested in video content, and chose to let their review scores be updated as the game changed.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: _Polygon_
- **logo**: Polygon logo (2012).svg
- **logo caption**: Logo used since late 2015
- **caption**: Homepage in June 2018
- **commercial**: Yes
- **type**: Gaming website
- **registration**: Optional
- **language**: English
- **owner**: Vox Media
- **editor**: Christopher Grant
- **current status**: Active
Daphne du Maurier

**Dame Daphne du Maurier**  (13 May 1907 – 19 April 1989) was a British author. She is best known for her books _Jamaica Inn_ (1936), _Rebecca_ (1938) and _The Birds_ (1952).

## Infobox (writer)

- **honorific prefix**: Dame
- **name**: Daphne du Maurier
- **image**: Young Daphne du Maurier.jpg
- **caption**: The young Daphne du Maurier (about 1930)
- **birth place**: London, England
- **death place**: Fowey, Cornwall, England
- **occupation**: Novelist
- **nationality**: British
- **period**: 1931–1989
- **genre**: Literary fiction, thriller
- **notableworks**: _Rebecca (novel), Rebecca_
_The Scapegoat (novel), The Scapegoat_
"The Birds (story), The Birds"
_Jamaica Inn (novel), Jamaica Inn_

_My Cousin Rachel_
- **children**: 3
- **relatives**: Gerald du Maurier, Sir Gerald du Maurier (father)
Muriel Beaumont, Muriel, Lady du Maurier (mother)
George du Maurier (grandfather)
Angela du Maurier (sister)
- **awards**: National Book Award (U.S.)
Yukiya Amano

was a Japanese diplomat. He was the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) from July 2009, until his death in July 2019. Amano was an international civil servant for the United Nations.

Amano died on 18 July 2019 in Vienna, Austria from cancer at the age of 72.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Yukiya Amano
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Yukiya Amano (01910499) (14267867906) (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 5th Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency
- **term start**: 1 December 2009
- **term end**: 18 July 2019
- **predecessor**: Mohamed ElBaradei
- **successor**: Cornel Feruță (acting)
Rafael Grossi
- **birth place**: Yugawara, Occupation of Japan, Japan
- **death place**: Vienna, Austria
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic Party
- **alma mater**: University of Tokyo
University of Franche-Comté
University of Nice Sophia Antipolis
Don Mossi

**Donald Louis Mossi** (January 11, 1929 – July 19, 2019) was an American major league pitcher from 1954 to 1965. He was a left-handed control pitcher. He played for the Cleveland Indians (1954–1958), Detroit Tigers (1959–1963), Chicago White Sox (1964) and for the Kansas City Athletics (1965). Mossi was born in St. Helena, California.

Mossi died on July 19, 2019, in Nampa, Idaho at age 90.
St. Helena, California

**St. Helena** ( ; Wappo: **Anakotanoma**, "Bull Snake Village") is a city in Napa County, California. The population was 5,430 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: St. Helena, California
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in California, City
- **image alt**: A montage of different landmarks across the city. At the top is the Culinary Institute of America at Greystone. The middle row shows two local wineries: Beringer (left) and V. Sattui (right). The bottom left shows the town's former train depot and the bottom right shows the historic Ritchie Block in downtown.
- **motto**: "Napa Valley's Main Street",
- **image map**: Napa_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_St._Helena_Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Napa County and the state of California
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: California
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name2**: Napa County, California, Napa
- **established title2**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date2**: March 24, 1876
- **established title3**: Municipal corporation, Re-incorporated
- **established date3**: May 14, 1889
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **total type**: City (California), City
- **area total sq mi**: 5.08
- **area land sq mi**: 4.96
- **area water sq mi**: 0.13
- **area total km2**: 13.16
- **area land km2**: 12.83
- **area water km2**: 0.33
- **area water percent**: 2.48
- **elevation ft**: 253
- **elevation m**: 77
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 5430
- **population density km2**: 475.49
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 94574
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **area code**: Area code 707, 707
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature IDs
- **blank1 info**: ,
Peter McNamara

**Peter McNamara** (5 July 1955 – 20 July 2019) was an Australian tennis player and coach. McNamara won five singles titles and nineteen doubles titles in his career. He won the 1980 and 1982 men's doubles championship at Wimbledon and the Australian Open doubles in 1979. McNamara's highest rank in doubles was No. 3. He was born in Melbourne.

McNamara died on 20 July 2019, at the age of 64, from prostate cancer in Sonthofen, Bavaria, Germany.
Chicago Daily News

The ***Chicago Daily News*** was an afternoon daily newspaper in the midwestern United States, published between 1876 and 1978 in Chicago,  In 1984, Weston sold his rights to the _Chicago Daily News_ trademark to Rupert Murdoch, who, at the time, was owner and publisher of the _Chicago Sun-Times_.
Hugo Cóccaro

**Hugo Omar Cóccaro** (4 May 1954 – July 21 2019) was an Argentine Justicialist Party (PJ) politician. He was Governor of Tierra del Fuego Province from 2005 to 2007. Cóccaro was born in Saladillo, Argentina.

Cóccaro died on 21 July 2019 in Buenos Aires at the age of 65. The cause was cancer.
Antonino Cuffaro

**Antonino Cuffaro** (21 April 1932 – 20 July 2019) was an Italian politician. He was born in Sambuca di Sicilia, Italy. Cuffaro was a member of the Italian Parliament from 1976 to 1987 and again from 1994 to 1996. He was a member of the Italian Communist Party.

Cuffaro died on 20 July 2019 in Trieste, Italy at the age of 87.
Paul Krassner

**Paul Krassner** (April 9, 1932 – July 21, 2019) was an American writer and satirist. He was the founder, editor and a contributor to the freethought magazine _The Realist_. Krassner became an important figure in the counterculture of the 1960s as a member of Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters. He was a founding member of the Yippies.

Krassner died on July 21, 2019 in Desert Hot Springs, California at the age of 87.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Paul Krassner
- **image**: Paul Krassner.jpg
- **caption**: Paul Krassner at City Lights Bookstore in 2009
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.
- **death place**: Desert Hot Springs, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Writer, satirist, activist, comedian
Desert Hot Springs, California

**Desert Hot Springs**, also known as **DHS**, is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. The city is located within the Coachella Valley region. The population was 32,512 at the 2020 census.

## Schools

- Julius Corsini Elementary School, opened in 1983 (formerly Hacienda Elementary School 1950s–80, replaced older site). It was founded by Palm Springs Unified School District.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Desert Hot Springs, California
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in California, City
- **image map**: File:Riverside County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Desert Hot Springs Highlighted 0618996.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Desert Hot Springs in Riverside County, California.
- **pushpin map**: California#USA
- **pushpin label**: Desert Hot Springs
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name2**: Riverside County, California, Riverside
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: September 25, 1963
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 30.66
- **area land sq mi**: 30.27
- **area water sq mi**: 0.39
- **area total km2**: 79.41
- **area land km2**: 78.40
- **area water km2**: 1.01
- **elevation ft**: 1076
- **elevation m**: 328
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 32512
- **population density sq mi**: 1074
- **population density km2**: 415
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 92240–92241
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area codes
- **area code**: Area codes 442 and 760, 442/760
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature IDs
- **blank1 info**: ,
Lois Wille

**Lois Jean Wille** (née **Kroeber**; September 19, 1931 – July 23, 2019) was an American journalist, editor, and author. She won her first of two Pulitzer Prizes in 1963 for her reports about how the Chicago local government’s failure to have good services to low-income women.

Her stories led to a number of important policy changes in women’s healthcare, public housing, and the juvenile court systems. She was born in Chicago.

In 1989, she received her second Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing.

Wille died on July 23, 2019 in Chicago from a stroke at the age of
Peter Hamm

**Peter Hamm** (27 February 1937 – 22 July 2019) was a German poet, author, journalist, editor and literary critic. He wrote many documentaries about Ingeborg Bachmann and Peter Handke. He wrote for the German weekly newspapers _Der Spiegel_ and _Die Zeit_. From 1964 to 2002, Hamm worked as contributing editor for culture for the broadcster Bayerischer Rundfunk. He was born in Munich.

Hamm was in a domestic partnership with actress Marianne Koch from 1970 until his death.

Hamm died on 22 July 2019 in Tutzing, Germany at the age of 82.
Marianne Koch

**Marianne Koch** (born 19 August 1931) is a German actress. She is best known for her roles in spaghetti westerns and adventure movies of the 1960s. She later worked as a television host and as a physician. She was in a relationship with Peter Hamm from 1970 until his death in 2019. Koch was born in Munich.

Koch is known for her roles in  _Night People_ alongside Gregory Peck and in Sergio Leone's 1964 movie _A Fistful of Dollars_ alongside Clint Eastwood.
Francisco Grau

**Francisco Grau Vegara** (22 January 1947 – 21 July 2019) was a Spanish musician, composer and General in the Spanish Armed Forces. He was born in Bigastro, Alicante. In January 2008, Grau became the first General of Music in the Spanish Armed Forces, having been made a colonel some years previously. From 1988 – 2008, he was also director of the Musical Unit of the Spanish Royal Guard.

Grau died on 21 July 2019, aged 72.
Bologna massacre

The **Bologna massacre** was the bombing of Bologna Centrale railway station in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy by Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari. It happened on 2 August 1980. It killed 85 people and injured over 200 others. It is the most deadly terrorist attack in the history of Italy.
Art Neville

**Arthur Lanon Neville** (December 17, 1937 – July 22, 2019) was an American singer-songwriter and keyboardist. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. Neville was a part of The Neville Brothers. He was a founding member of The Meters. He also played with the spinoff group The Funky Meters.

Neville performed with singers Labelle (on "Lady Marmalade"), Paul McCartney, Lee Dorsey, Robert Palmer, Dr. John and Professor Longhair.

Neville died at the age of 81 on July 22, 2019 from a long-illness.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Art Neville
- **image**: Art Neville - The funky Meters.jpg
- **caption**: Neville in 2012
- **birth name**: Arthur Lanon Neville Jr.
- **birth place**: New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
- **death place**: New Orleans, Louisiana
- **instrument**: Vocals, keyboards
- **genre**: Funk, R&B, Soul music, soul
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter, bandleader
- **years active**: Early 1950s–2018
- **associated acts**: Hawketts, , , ,
Hans Lagerqvist

**Hans Ture Lennart Lagerqvist** (28 April 1940 – 22 July 2019) was a Swedish pole vaulter. He won a silver medal at the 1972 European Athletics Indoor Championships. Lagerqvist placed fourth at the 1971 European Championships and seventh at the 1971 European Athletics Indoor Championships and 1972 Olympics.

Lagerqvist was born in Gothenburg. He died on 22 July 2019 in Stockholm from brain cancer, aged 79.
Brigitte Kronauer

**Brigitte Kronauer** (29 December 1940 – 22 July 2019) was a German writer. She was born in Essen, Germany. In 2005, she was awarded the Georg Büchner Prize for her literary works.

Kronauer died on 22 July 2019 in Hamburg from a long-illness at the age of 78.

## Other websites

- Brigitte Kronauer in: NRW Literatur im Netz
Maxim Dadashev

**Maxim Kaibkhanovich Dadashev** (September 30, 1990 – July 23, 2019) was a Russian boxer. He competed in the light welterweight (63.5 kg) division. Dadshev was a participant of the 2015 European Games.

Dadashev was a Russian amateur champion. He was born in Leningrad, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia). Dadashev won the vacant NABF super lightweight title in June 2018.

On July 19, 2019, Dadashev lost to opponent Subriel Matías at MGM National Harbor in Oxon Hill, Maryland. When leaving the ring, Dadashev collapsed. He had brain surgery and placed in a medically induced coma. Dadashev died from his injuries on July 23 at a hospital in Cheverly, Maryland at the age of 28.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Maxim Dadashev
- **birth name**: Maxim Kaibkhanovich Dadashev
- **native name**: Максим Каибханович Дадашев
- **birth place**: Leningrad, Soviet Union
- **death place**: Cheverly, Maryland, United States
- **spouse**: Elizabeth Apushkina
- **children**: Daniel Dadashev
Oxon Hill, Maryland

**Oxon Hill** is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in southern Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. Oxon Hill is a suburb of Washington, D.C.. As of the 2020 census Oxon Hill had a population of 18,791.
Cheverly, Maryland

**Cheverly** is a town in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. It is located near Washington, D.C.. The town was founded in 1918, and it was incorporated in 1931. Cheverly had 6,170 residents as of the 2020 Census.
Storm Area 51

"**Storm Area 51, They Can't Stop All of Us**" is a Facebook event that was planned for September 20, 2019 at Area 51, a United States Air Force (USAF) base. The purpose of the event was to raid the site in search for aliens while they "Naruto run". The event was created by Matty Roberts as a satire event. Roberts posted the event on June 27, 2019. About 3,000,000 people responded "going" or "interested" on the event's page.

Air Force officials and Nevada state officials warned the group members not to raid the area or otherwise they would use executive force.

Copycat events such as plans to storm a secret vault of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Loch Ness, and the Bermuda Triangle have also been created.
Arcadia Group

**Arcadia Group plc**  is a British multinational retailing company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It owns the high street clothing retailers Burton, Dorothy Perkins, Evans, Miss Selfridge, Topman, Topshop, Wallis and the out of town chain Outfit, which sells lines from the other group chains. The group has more than 2,500 outlets in the UK, concessions in UK department stores such as Debenhams, Selfridges, as well as several hundred franchises in other countries.

The company is majority owned by Taveta Investments, itself owned by Tina Green, the wife of Sir Philip Green, who is himself the chairman of the Arcadia Group. Philip Green has been involved in a number of controversies during his career, including the payment of generous dividends to Richard Caring, Tom Hunter, and Philip Green's family prior to the demise of BHS.

In April 2019, it was reported that the Arcadia group, controlled by Philip Green's family, had recorded a £300m deficit into its pension fund, while the Green family had cashed out £1.2bn in dividends from Arcadia in 2005.

British MP Frank Field, who previously investigated the BHS pension deficit, has publicly criticised Philip Green for paying huge dividends to his family and friend Richard Caring "when things are going well", and making his employees pay "when things are not going well".

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Arcadia Group Ltd.
- **logo**: ArcadiaGroup.svg
- **logo size**: 200px
- **type**: Private company limited by shares, Private
- **foundation**: (as Arcadia Group plc)
- **location**: London, , U.K.
- **key people**: Sir Philip Green (Chairman)
Ian Grabiner (Chief executive officer, CEO)
 Paul Budge (Finance director)
- **industry**: Retail
- **products**: Clothing
Fashion accessory, Accessories
Shoes
- **owner**: Taveta Investments
- **num employees**: 22,000
- **subsid**: Topshop, Topman, Miss Selfridge, Burton (retailer), Burton, Evans (retailer), Evans, Dorothy Perkins, Wallis (retailer), Wallis
SABMiller

**SABMiller plc** was a multinational brewing and beverage company headquartered in London, England. It is the world's second-largest brewer measured by revenues (after the Belgian-Brazilian-American Anheuser-Busch InBev) and is also a major bottler of Coca-Cola. Its brands include Fosters, Grolsch, Miller, Peroni and Pilsner Urquell. It has operations in 80 countries world-wide and in 2009 sold around 21 billion litres of beverages.

SABMiller's origins date back to the foundation of South African Breweries in 1895 as to serve a growing market of miners and prospectors in and around Johannesburg. Two years later, it became the first industrial company to list on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. From the early 1990s onwards, the company increasingly expanded internationally, making several acquisitions in both emerging and developed markets. In 1999, it formed a new UK-based holding company, SAB plc, and moved its primary listing to London. In May 2002, SAB plc acquired Miller Brewing, forming SABMiller plc.

SABMiller has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has a market capitalisation of approximately £42 billion as of 24 October 2015, the 6th-largest of any company with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange. It has a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange.

In October 2015, Anheuser-Busch InBev  announced plans to acquire SABMiller for £69 billion ($104 billion).

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: SABMiller plc
- **logo**: SABMiller logo.svg
- **type**: Public limited company
- **location**: London, England, United Kingdom
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **key people**: Alan Clark (businessman), Alan Clark (Chief executive officer, CEO)
- **industry**: Brewery, Brewing, beverage
- **revenue**: United States dollar, US$ 22.130 billion <small>(2015)</small>
- **operating income**: US$ 4.384 billion <small>(2015)</small>
- **net income**: US$ 3.557 billion <small>(2015)</small>
- **num employees**: 69,000 (2016)
- **subsid**: Bavaria Brewery (Colombia), Bavaria Brewery
Foster's Group
Kompania Piwowarska
Miller Brewing Company
South African Breweries
Peroni Brewery
Pilsner Urquell Brewery
- **homepage**: www.sabmiller.com
Home Retail Group

**Home Retail Group plc** was one of the UK's leading home and general merchandise retailers. It is the parent company of Argos and Habitat. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

Home Retail Group owns a number of well-known brands, including Alba, Bush, Chad Valley, Challenger, Cherokee, Cooksworks, Habitat, Heart of House,  Hygena, Schreiber, and Sovereign.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Home Retail Group plc
- **trade name**: **Home Retail Group**
- **industry**: Retailing
- **fate**: Acquired by Sainsbury's plc
- **predecessor**: GUS (retailer), GUS plc
- **hq location**: 489-499 Avebury Boulevard, Saxon Gate West
- **hq location city**: Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK9 2NW
- **hq location country**: United Kingdom
- **area served**: United Kingdom
- **key people**: John Coombe, Chairman
John Walden (businessman), John Walden, Chief executive officer, CEO
- **products**: Consumer goods
- **owner**: Sainsbury's <small>(2016–present)</small>
- **subsid**: Argos (retailer), Argos <small>(1998–16: sold Sainsbury's)</small>
Homebase <small>(2006–16)</small>
Habitat (retailer), Habitat <small>(2011–16: sold sainsbury's)</small>
- **num employees year**: till closure
- **parent**: Sainsbury's, J Sainsbury's
Veles (god)

**Veles** is a Slavic god of wealth, undergrounds and trade. It is very important in Pomeranian Slavs religion.
Marzanna

**Marzanna** (in Polish), **Marena** (in Russian), **Morana** (in Czech, Bulgarian, Slovene, and Serbo-Croatian),  or **Morena** or **Kyselica** (in Slovak), **Kiszehajtás** (in Hungarian), **Morena** (in Macedonian), **Maslenitsa** (in Russia) and also **Mara** (in Belarusian and Ukrainian), Maržena, Moréna, Mora or Marmora, **Morė** (in Lithuanian) is the goddess of death and winter in Slavic paganism. In many Slavic countries, it is very popular to burn a doll, that represents Marzanna, when it's beginning of spring.
Gerovit

**Gerovit** is a god of war in Slavic beliefs. Almost everything we know about him, we know thanks to German bishops, who visited Slavic countries.
Video assistant referee

**Video assistant referee** (VAR) is a system that helps referees to decide better about players fouls, if a goal was valid, red card decisions, etc. in soccer matches.  When the referee is going to review a play on the field at the VAR box, they outline a square with their hands, as if showing the outline of a TV screen. It was used for the first time in the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup.  It was used for the first time for international matches in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup.  The first time VAR was used in the FIFA World Cup was in the 2018 World Cup.

In March 2018, the VAR was permanentely written into the Laws of the Game by the International Football Association Board (IFAB).

There are 3 categories of decisions that can be reviewed:

- **Goal/No Goal**: if the ball went inside or did not go inside of the goal, ball went out of play, foul, offside, or handball.
- **Penalty/No Penalty**: ball went out of play, dive, foul was in or outside the box, handball, or foul was not penalised.
- **Red/Yellow Card**: violent conduct, hitting/spitting/kicking/punching another player, coach, or referee, mistaken identity or incorrect card given, or decision to award a yellow or red card.

The referee can review the play on the field by going to the VAR box, listen to the VAR's recommendation, or completely ignore the VAR advice. The referee can only review the play on the field with recommendation of the VAR to prevent the referee from relying on it too much.

## Criticism

The VAR system has been criticised by many people, mostly because of how much time is used up in reviews, overly relying on it, and causing confusion. Manager Mauricio Pochettino said "it made everyone confused". He also said that he felt sorry for the fans and for the referee after an FA Cup match.
Nir, Iran

**Nir** is a city in Iran. It is located in the north west of Iran in the Ardabil Province. it is a part of the Nir County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Nir
- **native name**: نير
- **settlement type**: City
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Ardabil Province, Ardabil
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Nir County, Nir
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Nir County), Central
- **population as of**: 2016 Census
- **population total**: 5,873
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
Slavic Native Faith

**Slavic Naitive Faith** is modern pagan religion, which is related to Slavic paganism. It is sometimes called **Rodnovery**.
Tōyō Bunko

The  is Japan's largest Asian studies library. It is one of the world's five largest libraries. It is located in Tokyo.

It contains around 950,000 documents, written in Asian, Western and Japanese languages.

It was started by Mitsubishi Motors and opened in 1924.
Toyo University

is a Japanese university. It has buildings in Hakusan, Asaka, Kawagoe, and Itakura.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Toyo University
- **image**: Toyo University logo.png
- **motto**:

- **type**: Private
- **president**: Dr. Makio Takemura
- **students**: 30,556
- **city**: Tokyo
- **country**: Japan
- **campus**: Two urban, three suburban, and one satellite campuses
- **colours**: Navy
Oyanagi Shigeta

**Oyanagi Shigeta** (小柳司気太, 1870 December 24 - 1940 July 18 ) is a Japanese scholar of Chinese literature and Taoism. He is from Niigata Prefecture and graduated from Tokyo Imperial University. His mom's last name is Kumakura (熊倉).
Epigraphy

**Epigraphy** is the study of writings, inscriptions (epigraphs) on things like rocks, clay, stone, paper, etc. It is used to study writing; often for learning about languages of the past.
Mokosh

**Mokosh** () is a Slavic goddess of fate and the protector of women in childbirth.
Luo Zhenyu

**Luo Zhenyu** (August 8, 1866 – May 14, 1940), courtesy name **Shuyun** (叔蘊), was a Chinese classical scholar, philologist, epigrapher, antiquarian. He supported the Qing dynasty, even after it fell.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Luo Zhenyu
羅振玉
- **image**: Luo Zhenyu1.JPG
- **caption**: Luo Zhenyu
- **birth place**: Huai'an, Jiangsu, Qing dynasty, Qing China
- **death place**: Dalian, Kwantung Leased Territory
- **citizenship**: China, Manchukuo


## Infobox (chinese)

- **t**: 羅振玉
- **c**: 罗振玉
- **p**: Luó Zhènyù
- **w**: Lo Chen-yü
Silesian language

**Silesian** or **Upper Silesian** (Silesian:  /  ; ; , , ; ) from the West Slavic language family. Some linguists say that it is a dialect of Polish, because of big similarities in certain dialects between these languages. But other state it's a language, including Mańczak Witold, saying Silesian shares 53% lexical similarity, usually requiring over 80% to be seen as a dialect.It is mostly spoken in Poland, but also in the Czech Republic and Germany.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Silesian
- **altname**: Upper Silesian
- **nativename**:

- **ethnicity**: Silesians
- **states**: Poland (Silesian Voivodeship, Opole Voivodeship), Czech Republic (Moravian–Silesian Region, Moravia–Silesia, Jeseník District, Jeseník)
- **region**: Upper Silesia / Silesia
- **date**: 2011 census
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic
- **fam3**: Slavic languages, Slavic
- **fam4**: West Slavic languages, West Slavic
- **fam5**: Lechitic languages, Lechitic
- **script**: Latin script (#Writing system, Silesian alphabet)
- **iso3**: szl
- **glotto**: sile1253
- **glottorefname**: Silesian
- **lingua**: `53-AAA-cck`, `53-AAA-dam`
- **ancestor**: Old Polish
Cen Chunxuan

**Cen Chunxuan** (1861 – 27 April 1933) was a Zhuang Chinese politician who lived in the late Qing dynasty and Republic of China. He wanted the Qing to become a monarchy based on a constitution (written set of laws). Empress Dowager Cixi supported him. He was a governor of Guangdong and became a warlord during the ROC but then Sun Yat-sen's government replaced his.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Cen Chunxuan
- **image**: Cen Chunxuan (1).jpg
- **width**: 200px
- **order**: Viceroy of Liangguang
- **termstart**: 1903
- **termend**: 1906
- **predecessor**: Tao Mo
- **successor**: Zhou Fu
- **office2**: President of the Republic of China (Guangzhou military government)
- **term2**: 1919–1921
- **predecessor2**: Sun Yat-Sen
- **successor2**: Sun Yat-Sen
- **birth date**: 1861
- **birth place**: Xilin County, Xilin, Guangxi, China
- **death date**: 27 April 1933 (aged 72–73)
- **death place**: Shanghai, China
- **occupation**: Politician
- **party**:  Kuomintang (KMT)
- **country**: Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China
- **allegiance**: Empire of China
 Kuomintang
 National Revolutionary Army
 Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China
- **nationality**: Chinese
- **children**: Cen Deguang


## Infobox (chinese)

- **c**: 岑春煊
- **p**: Cén Chūnxuān
- **w**: Tsen Chun-hsuan
- **altname**: Yunjie
- **t2**: 雲階
- **s2**: 云阶
- **p2**: Yúnjiē
- **w2**: Yün-chieh
Suzhou High School of Jiangsu Province

**Suzhou High School of Jiangsu Province** (), is a Chinese public high school in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. It has over 1000 years of history.

It was founded In 1035 by Northern Song politician Fan Zhongyan.

### Scientists

- Tsung-Dao Lee<sup>NAS</sup> <sup>CAS</sup>, theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize laureate
- Chien-Shiung Wu<sup>NAS</sup> <sup>CAS</sup>, experimental physicist and Wolf Prize laureate
- Chien Wei-zang<sup>CAS</sup>, physicist
- Hu Ning<sup>CAS</sup>, theoretical physicist
- Feng Duan<sup>CAS</sup>, physicist
- Feng Kang<sup>CAS</sup>, mathematician
- Yao Zhen<sup>CAS</sup>, biologist
- Xiaowei Zhuang<sup>NAS</sup>, biophysicist
- Tianxi Cai, biostatistician

### Engineers

- Yuan-Cheng Fung<sup>NAS</sup> <sup>NAE</sup>, bioengineer
- Shi Jun, chemical engineer
- Chia-Shun Yih<sup>NAE</sup>, fluid mechanics engineer
- Ju-Chin Chu, chemical engineer and father of Steven Chu

### Politicians

- Qin Bangxian, early leader of the CPC.
- Zhou Yongkang, party and state leader.
- Yuan Weimin, made contributions to Chinese sport.

### Writers

- Wu Zuoren
- Lu Wenfu

### Entrepreneurs

- President Yu Liang, of China Vanke Co.

### Principals

|Principal|Period|Principal|Period|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Luo Zhenyu|1904.7—1906.3|Zhang Shizhi|1950—1952|
|Wang Rundong|1906.3—1906.8|Chen Liuzhong|1952—1958|
|Lu Maoxun|1906.8—1907.4|Zhang Yuanding|1958.4—1958.8|
|Zhang Yu|1907.4—1907.11|Liu Chaochen|1958—1959|
|Zou Fubao|1907.11—1909.6|Chen Liuzhong|1959—1960|
|Yao Wendong|1909.6—1910.1|Zhang Youju|1960—1964|
|Jiang Heng|1910.1—1911.10|Liu Yihan|1964—1968|
|Yang Yueru|1912.1—1916.2|Su Haiming|1968—1971|
|Jiang Fengwu|1916.2—1916.8|Chi Dexin|1971—1978|
|Wang Chaoyang|1916.8—1927.6|Zhao Zhenhai|1978—1984|
|Wang Maozu|1927—1931|Liu Baitao|1984—1991|
|Hu Huanyong|1931—1933|Shen Yangshi|1991—1995|
|Wu Yuandi|1933—1935|Wang Shaodong|1995—1997|
|Shao Heting|1935—1938|Ni Zhenmin|1997—2007|
|Hang Haicha|1938—1947|Zhang Xin|2007—2015|
|Zheng Baozi|1947—1948|Zhou Chunliang|2015—2016|
|Gu Zhonghua|1948—1950|Wei Xin|2016—|

## Infobox (school)

- **name**: Suzhou High School of Jiangsu Province
- **logo**: Suzhou High School gate.jpg
- **motto**: Honesty, Faith, Thoughtfulness, Courage ()
- **principal**: Wei Xin ()
- **faculty**: 251
- **staff**: 348
- **students**: 2014
- **country**: China
- **location**: 699 Renmin Road (Suzhou), Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007
Fujita Toyohachi

**Fujita Toyohachi** (Kanji: 藤田豊八；Hiragana: ふじたとよはち; 19 October 1869 - 15 July 1929) is a Japanese writer and professor in East Asian History. He is from Tokushima Prefecture. His (Chinese) pen name name was Jianfeng / Kenfou (劍峰).

He founded a school in Jiangsu, China. He was a teacher at Beijing University (the Imperial University, 京師大學堂), author of Secondary Education East Asian history《中等教育東洋史》and Research on the History of East-West Interactions《東西交涉史之研究（東西交渉史の研究）》。

He collected over 1700 Chinese books. After he died, those were sent to the Toyo Bunko (東洋文庫) and put into a section called Fujita's library「藤田文庫」。

## Life

In 1869, Fujita was born in Awa Province (Tokushima).

In 1895, he graduated from the University of Tokyo Liberal arts school with a degree in Chinese language studies.

After that he taught the history of Chinese literature at Waseda University, Toyo University, and other schools

In 1896, he cofounded the Dongya Xueyuan (東亞學院, East Asia College) with Oyanagi Shigeta and others. Fujita also founded the journal "Jiangsu Wenxue"《江湖文學》(Jiangsu Literature).

In 1897, he visited Shanghai.

In 1898, he helped create the Dongwen Xueshe (東文學社, East Asian literature society) with Luo Zhenyu.

After 1904, Cen Chunxuan (岑春煊) governor of Guangxi and Guangdong asked Fujita to help with education.

In 1905, he also helped create Suzhou high school (江苏师范学堂). He invited more than 10 teachers from Japan. The Qing dynasty then awarded him a medal. In 1909 Fujita became a professor at the prestigious Beijing University.

In 1912, Japan returned to Japan. He lived in Tokyo and researched the history of east–west interactions. In 1920 he got a PhD in literature.

In 1923, he was professor at Waseda University. He taught the history of east–west sea transportation and the history of the Western regions (China, Xiyu, modern day Xinjiang).

In 1925, he became professor at the imperial Tokyo University and first lecturer on East Asian history.

In 1928, he became a professor and Minister of culture and politics at Taibei Imperial University (臺北帝國大學). In May 1929 he returned to Tokyo to give a lecture on the history of the Xiyu again. But in July he died of kidney failure.

## Works

- 東洋史　文学社, 1896－97
- 先秦文学 支那文学史稿 東華堂, 1897
- 東洋歴史物語 アルス (日本児童文庫), 1929
- 東西交渉史の研究 南海篇 岡書院, 1932
- 東西交渉の研究 巻上・下(南海篇,西域篇及附篇) 萩原星文館, 1943