juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Chishima Province

was a old province of Japan north of the island of Hokkaido.  It included islands which are commonly known as the Kurile Islands or Kurile Islands. The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally  mirrored in part of what is today called Nemuro Subprefecture.

## History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Chishima Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Chishima Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Chishima and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Kim Wilde

**Kim Wilde** (born Kim Smith on 18 November 1960) is a British singer. She was born in Chiswick, Middlesex. She is the eldest child of rock musician Marty Wilde. She had her first hit single, "Kids in America" in 1981. She also released _Kim Wilde_, her first album, in 1981. In 1983 Wilde won Best British Female Solo Artist (UK) at the BRIT Awards. Wilde released her most recent album _Wilde Winter Songbook_ on 11 November 2013. It is a Christmas album.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **embed**: yes
- **father**: Marty Wilde
- **relatives**: Ricky Wilde (brother)


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kim Wilde
- **image**: Kim Wilde 2021 (357).jpg
- **caption**: Wilde in 2021
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Kim Smith
- **birth place**: Chiswick, Middlesex, England
- **years active**: 1981–present
Hidaka Province

was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido. The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what is today called Hidaka Subprefecture.

## History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Hidaka Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Hidaka Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Hidaka and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Kronberger 61

**Kronberger 61**, also known as the "soccer ball", is a Nebula discovered by an amateur astronomer in January 2011. Newer images of this nebula were taken by the Gemini Observatory. The nebula was discovered by Austrian Mattias Kronberger, a member of the amateur group _Deep Sky Hunters_. They found it while searching near the northern constellation of Cygnus.
Steve Bisciotti

**Steve Bisciotti** (born April 10, 1960 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) is a Baltimore businessman. In 2004, he became the majority owner of the Baltimore Ravens. He bought the team in 2004 from previous owner Art Modell. He owns a business that works with technology and computers.
34th G8 summit

The **34th G8 summit** was a meeting in 2008 for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.

This meeting of the Group of Eight (G8) was the 34th meeting in a series which began in 1976.  The G8 and the summit are part of a "consultative process and not an international organization".

The meeting took place in Japan at  on the northern island of Hokkaidō.  The international group of leaders met from July 7–9, 2008.

## Core participants

The participants were the "core members" of the group:

|colspan=2|Member|Represented by|Title|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="4"  style="text-align:center; background:Gainsboro;"|**Core G8 members** <small>Host nation and leader are indicated in bold text.</small>|||
|Canada|Stephen Harper|Prime Minister||
|France|Nicolas Sarkozy|President||
|Germany|Angela Merkel|Chancellor||
|Italy|Silvio Berlusconi|Prime Minister||
|Japan|Yasuo Fukuda|Prime Minister||
|Russia|Dmitri Medvedev|President||
|United Kingdom|Gordon Brown|Prime Minister||
|United States|George W. Bush|President||
|European Commission|Jose Manuel Barroso|President||

### Invited leaders

A small others were invited to join some of the discussions.

#### G8+5

The G8 plus the five other nations were known as G8+5.
- **Brazil** Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President.
- **China** Hu Jintao, President.
- **India** Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister.
- **Mexico** Felipe Calderón, President.
- **South Africa** Thabo Mbeki, President.

#### Other leaders

- **Algeria** Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President.
- **Australia**  Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister.
- **Ethiopia** Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister.
- **Ghana** John Agyekum Kufuor, President.
- **Indonesia** Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President.
- **Nigeria** Umaru Yar'Adua, President.
- **Senegal** Abdoulaye Wade, President.
- **South Korea** Lee Myung-bak, President.
- **Tanzania** Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, President.

#### Heads of international organizations

Leaders of some organizations were invited to be part of some of the discussions.

- **African Union** Jean Ping, AU Commission Chairman Jakaya Kikwete, AU Chairman.
- **Commonwealth of Independent States** Sergei Lebedev, Executive Secretary
- **International Atomic Energy Agency** Mohamed ElBaradei, Director General
- **International Energy Agency** Nobuo Tanaka, Executive Director
- **United Nations** Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General.
- **UNESCO** Koichiro Matsuura, Director General
- **World Bank** Robert Zoellick, President.
- **World Health Organization** Margaret Chan, Director-General
- **World Trade Organization**  Pascal Lamy, Director-General

## Related pages

- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

## Other websites

- Hokkaido Toyako Summit
- University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
- Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context
Carol Banawa

**Carol Banawa** (born March 4, 1981) is a Filipino singer. Her album _Carol_ had a hit and was certified gold. Her three other albums, _Carol: Repackaged_, _Transition_, and _Follow Your Heart_ was certified platinum. Her album, _My Music, My Life_ was released in 2010, under Black Bird Records. She was also a part of Star Magic Batch 4 alumni.

In 2011, she won in ASAP Pop Viewers Choice 2011 for "POP MOVIE THEMESONG" after singing the official theme song of the Filipino movie _Till My Heartaches End_.

She is currently signed to ASAP Records.

### Studio albums

|Year|Title|Record Label|Certifications|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1997|_Carol _|Star Records|Gold|
|2000|_Carol: Repackaged_|Star Records|3x Platinum|
|2001|_Transition_|Star Records|Platinum|
|2003|_Follow Your Heart_|Star Records|Platinum|
|2010|_My Music, My Life_|Star Records/Black Bird Music|TBA|

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Carol Banawa
- **img size**: 2
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Carol Claire Aguilar Banawa
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **genre**: Pop
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 1994-2003, 2006, 2010-present
- **label**: Star/Blackbird
26th G8 summit

The **26th G8 Summit**  was a meeting in 2000 for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.

This meeting of the Group of Eight (G8) was the 26th meeting in a series which began in 1976.  The G8 and the summit are part of a "consultative process and not an international organization".

The meeting took place in Japan at Naha on the sothern island of Okinawa.  The international group of leaders were together from July 21-23, 2000.

## Core participants

The participants were the "core members" of the group:

|colspan=2|Member|Represented by|Title|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="4" style="text-align: center; background:Gainsboro"|**Core G8 members** <small>Host nation and leader are indicated in bold text.</small>|||
|Canada|Jean Chrétien|Prime Minister||
|France|Jacques Chirac|President||
|Germany|Gerhard Schröder|Chancellor||
|Italy|Giuliano Amato|Prime Minister||
|Japan|Yoshiro Mori|Prime Minister||
|Russia|Vladimir Putin|President||
|United Kingdom|Tony Blair|Prime Minister||
|United States|Bill Clinton|President||
|European Commission|Romano Prodi|President||

## Agenda

Global health first appeared as an international agenda issue at this meeting.

## Related pages

- G8

## Other websites

- Okinawa Summit 2000
- Kyushu-Okinawa Summit 2000 documents, photos
- University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
- Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context
Throw Momma from the Train

***Throw Momma from the Train*** is a 1987 American black comedy movie. It was inspired by _Strangers on a Train_, which also plays a role in the movie. The movie's title comes from "Mama From the Train," written by Irving Gordon and sung by Patti Page.

It stars Danny DeVito (who also directed), Billy Crystal, Anne Ramsey, Kim Greist, Rob Reiner, Branford Marsalis, and Kate Mulgrew, with a cameo appearance from Oprah Winfrey. The movie received mixed to positive reviews, but it was a commercial success. Anne Ramsey was singled out for praise for her portrayal of Mrs. Lift; she got an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.

## Cast

- Danny DeVito as Owen Lift, the main character. He is a student at Larry's college, as well as also being his friend. Throughout the movie, he tries to kill his mother in many different ways, but in the end, he decides not to kill her after all.
- Billy Crystal as Larry Donner. He is Owen's best friend.
- Anne Ramsey as Mrs. Lift, also known as Momma. She is the antagonist of the movie.
- Kim Greist as Beth, Larry's new girlfriend.
- Kate Mulgrew as Margaret Donner, Larry's ex-wife. Larry hates her with a passion and wishes her dead, and Owen tries to kill her by pushing her overboard, but it is later revealed that she was rescued is marrying someone else.
- Branford Marsalis as Lester
- Rob Reiner as Joel, Larry's agent
- Bruce Kirby as Detective DeBenedetto
- Oprah Winfrey as Herself
- Farley Granger as Guy Haines (archive footage)
- Robert Walker as Bruno Anthony (archive footage)
Anne Ramsey

**Anne Ramsey** (March 27, 1929 – August 11, 1988) was an American stage, television, and movie actress. She is probably most famous for her roles as Mama Fratelli in _The Goonies_ and Momma in _Throw Momma from the Train_.

## Death

Her somewhat slurred speech was caused in part from having had some of her tongue and her jaw removed during surgery for esophageal cancer in 1984. In 1988, her cancer came back, and she died in August at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, California.
Golden Sun (series)

***Golden Sun*** is a fantasy handheld role-playing video game series. It was developed by Camelot Software Planning and published by Nintendo. The three games in the series are _Golden Sun_, _Golden Sun: the Lost Age_ and _Golden Sun: Dark Dawn_. They were released in North American in 2001, 2003 and 2010.

The series' is based on Alchemy. In the first game, young Adept (means who can control Alchemy) Isaac and his friends travel to stop Alchemy from returning to the world. But in the second game, players' task is let the Alchemy return the world. 30 years later, the first two games character's children start a new adventure.

_Golden Sun_ and _Golden Sun: the Lost Age_ are both in IGN's Readers Choice Top 100 games.

_Golden Sun_ and _Golden Sun: The Lost Age_ were both released on the Game Boy Advance while _Golden Sun: Dark Dawn_ was released on the DS

``

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Golden Sun <span style="font-style:normal;">series</span>
- **developer**: Camelot
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **platform**: Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS
- **released**: 2001
- **genre**: Role-playing game
19th G7 summit

The **19th G7 summit** was a meeting in 1993 for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The international group of leaders were together in Japan from July 7-9, 1993. The meetings were held at the State Guesthouse (Akasaka Palace) in Tokyo.

## History

The Tokyo summit of the Group of Seven (G7) was the 19th meeting in a series which began in 1976.

Two previous G7 summit was hosted by Japan at Tokyo (1979 and 1986).

The G8 and the summit are part of a consultation process. The G8 is not an international organization. It is an informal group.

## Core participants

The participants were the "core members" of the group:

|colspan=2|Member|Represented by|Title|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="4" style="text-align: center; background:Gainsboro"|**Core G7 members** <small>Host nation and leader are indicated in bold text.</small>|||
|Canada|Kim Campbell|Prime Minister||
|France|François Mitterrand|President||
|Germany|Helmut Kohl|Chancellor||
|Italy|Carlo Azeglio Ciampi|Prime Minister||
|**Japan**|**Miyazawa Kiichi**|**Prime Minister**||
|United Kingdom|John Major|Prime Minister||
|United States|Bill Clinton|President||
|European Commission|Henning Christophersen|Vice President||
|European Council|Jean-Luc Dehaene|President||

This was the first international summit for Prime Minister Campbell and for President Clinton.

## Overview

The G7 leaders agreed to work on common strategies for global economic growth; and they discussed
- Strengthening the UN
- Regional problems
- Strengthening efforts related to nuclear nonproliferation

The group of leaders called for an "international agreement" to "protect forests." There is little evidence of follow-up.

## Related pages

- G8
- List of G8 summits

## Other websites

- University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
- Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context
12th G7 summit

The **12th G7 Summit** was a meeting in 1986 for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The international group of leaders were together in Japan from May 4-6, 1986. The meetings were held at the State Guesthouse (Akasaka Palace) in Tokyo.

## History

The Tokyo summit of the Group of Seven (G7) was the 12th meeting in a series which began in 1976.

A Previous G7 summit was hosted by Japan at Tokyo in 1979)

The G8 and the summit are part of a consultation process. The G8 is not an international organization. It is an informal group.

## Core participants

The participants were the "core members" of the group:

|colspan=2|Member|Represented by|Title|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="4" style="text-align: center; background:Gainsboro"|**Core G7 members** <small>Host nation and leader are indicated in bold text.</small>|||
|Canada|Brian Mulroney|Prime Minister||
|France|François Mitterrand|President||
|West Germany|Helmut Kohl|Chancellor||
|Italy|Bettino Craxi|Prime Minister||
|**Japan**|**Yasuhiro Nakasone**|**Prime Minister**||
|United Kingdom|Margaret Thatcher|Prime Minister||
|United States|Ronald Reagan|President||
|European Commission|Jacques Delors|President||

## Overview

The G7 leaders agreed to work together to improve policy coordination. There was a decision to establish a meeting of finance ministers.

## Related pages

- G8
- List of G8 summits

## Other websites

- University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
- Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context
5th G7 summit

The **5th G7 summit**  was a meeting in 1979 for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.

The international group of leaders were together in Japan June 28-29. The meetings were held at the State Guesthouse (Akasaka Palace) in Tokyo.

## History

The Tokyo summit of the Group of Seven (G7) was the 5th meeting in a series which began in 1976.

This was the first G7 summit in Japan

The G8 and the summit are part of a consultation process.  The G8 is not an international organization. It is an informal group.

## Participants

The participants were the "core members" of the group:

|colspan=2|Member|Represented by|Title|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="4" style="text-align: center; background:Gainsboro"|**Core G7 members** <small>Host nation and leader are indicated in bold text.</small>|||
|Canada|Joe Clark|Prime Minister||
|France|Valéry Giscard d'Estaing|President||
|West Germany|Helmut Schmidt|Chancellor||
|Italy|Giulio Andreotti|Prime Minister||
|**Japan**|**Masayoshi Ohira**|**Prime Minister**||
|United Kingdom|Margaret Thatcher|Prime Minister||
|United States|Jimmy Carter|President||
|European Commission|Roy Jenkins|President||

## Overview

The G7 leaders agreed to cooperate in the area of energy for developing countries.

## Related pages

- G8
- List of G8 summits

## Other websites

- University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
- Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context
The Marvelettes

**The Marvelettes** was an American singing girl group that were active from 1960 to 1972. Members of the group were Gladys Horton, Katherine Anderson, Wanda Rogers, Anne Bogan, Georgeanna Tillman, Wyanetta Cowart and Georgia Dobbins. They are probably best known for their #1 hit, "Please Mr. Postman". They were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2004 and were inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame in 2007.

The group has received several honors, including the Vocal Group Hall of Fame and the Pioneer Award from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. In 2005, two of the group's most successful recordings, "Please Mr. Postman" and "Don't Mess with Bill" earned million-selling Gold singles from the RIAA. In 2012, the Marvelettes were nominated for 2013 induction to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.

Other notable recordings were "Playboy", "Beechwood 4-5789", "Danger! Heartbreak Dead Ahead", "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game", "When You're Young and in Love".

## Discography

The Marvelettes released 12 albums:
|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|1961|_Please Mr. Postman_|
|1962|_The Marvelettes Sing (aka Smash Hits of '62)_|
|1962|_Playboy_|
|1963|_The Marvelous Marvelettes_|
|1963|_The Marvelettes Recorded Live On Stage_|
|1966|_The Marvelettes Greatest Hits_|
|1967|_The Marvelettes (Pink Album)_|
|1968|_Sophisticated Soul_|
|1969|_In Full Bloom_|
|1970|_The Return of The Marvelettes_|
|1975|_The Marvelettes Anthology_|
|1975|_Best of The Marvelettes_|

## Other websites

- The Marvelettes Vocal Group Hall of Fame profile

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Marvelettes
- **img**: The Marvelettes 1963.jpg
- **img capt**: The Marvelettes in a 1963 promotional photo. Clockwise from top left: Gladys Horton, Katherine Anderson, Georgeanna Tillman, and Wanda Young
- **img size**: 260px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Inkster, Michigan, Inkster, Michigan, United States, USA
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, Rhythm and blues, R&B, rock and roll, Soul music, soul
- **years active**: 1960–1970
- **label**: Motown, Tamla
- **past members**: Gladys Horton
Katherine Anderson
Wanda Young, Wanda Rogers
Anne Bogan
Georgeanna Tillman
Wyanetta (Juanita) Cowart
Georgia Dobbins
John Ramsay, 1st Lord Bothwell

**John Ramsay, 1st Lord Bothwell** (born about 1464, died 1513) was a Scottish lord. In Parliament on 24 February 1484, James III of Scotland gave him the barony (title) of Bothwell. He forfeited the title on 8 October 1488 and became Sir John Ramsay of Trarinzeane.
Phoebe Tonkin

**Phoebe Jane Elizabeth Tonkin** (born 12 July 1989 in Sydney, Australia) is an Australian actress. She is best known for portraying Cleo Sertori in _H2O: Just Add Water_ and Fiona Maxwell in _Tomorrow, When the War Began_. As of 2011, she portrays Faye Chamberlain in _The Secret Circle_. She was nominated 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards Best Lead Actress in Television Drama for _H2O: Just Add Water_.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2006–2010|_H2O: Just Add Water_|Cleo Sertori|Main cast|
|2009|_Packed to the Rafters_|Lexi|Guest star|
|2010|_Tomorrow, When the War Began_|Fiona Maxwell|Feature film|
|2010|_Home and Away_|Adrian|Guest star|
|2011–present|_The Secret Circle_|Faye Chamberlain|Main cast|
|2012|_Bait_|Jaimie|Feature film|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Phoebe Tonkin
- **image**: Phoebe Tonkin 2012 cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Phoebe Tonkin in November 2012
- **birth name**: Phoebe Jane Elizabeth Tonkin
- **birth place**: Sydney, Australia
- **nationality**: Australian
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2005–present
High school football

**American football** is one of many sports often played in high schools. Games are not extremely high tech.
AFC North

The **AFC North** is a division in the AFC conference of the National Football League. Teams in the division are the Pittsburgh Steelers, Baltimore Ravens, Cincinnati Bengals, and the Cleveland Browns. Pittsburgh has won the Super Bowl six times, the most of any team in the league. Baltimore has won it twice. Cincinnati and Cleveland have never been Super Bowl champions.
Tony Siragusa

**Anthony "Tony" Siragusa Sr.** (May 14, 1967 – June 22, 2022), nicknamed **"Goose"**, was an American football field analyst and former player. He covered the National Football League for Fox Sports. Siragusa played college football for the University of Pittsburgh.

Siragusa also had a professional career as a defensive tackle. He made the Indianapolis Colts roster as an undrafted free agent in 1990. He signed with the Baltimore Ravens in 1997. In 2000, Siragusa was part of a great Baltimore defense that won Super Bowl XXXV. Siragusa retired after the 2001 NFL season.

"Goose" was known for his "fun and loose" personality.

Siragusa was married and had three children.

On June 22, 2022, Siragusa died in his sleep at his home in Ortley Beach, New Jersey, at the age of 55.

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **image**: Tony Siragusa (cropped).jpg
- **position**: Defensive tackle
- **number**: 98
- **birth place**: Kenilworth, New Jersey
- **death place**: Ortley Beach, New Jersey
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lbs**: 350
- **high school**: David Brearley High School, Kenilworth (NJ) Brearley
- **college**: Pittsburgh Panthers football, Pittsburgh
- **undraftedyear**: 1990
- **teams**: * Indianapolis Colts (–)
* Baltimore Ravens (–)
- **statlabel1**: Tackle (football move), Tackles
- **statvalue1**: 562
- **statlabel2**: Quarterback sack, Sacks
- **statvalue2**: 22
- **statlabel3**: Fumble recoveries
- **statvalue3**: 9
- **nfl**: SIR276861
- **highlights**: *Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl XXXV, XXXV)
Iburi Province

, also called **Ifuri**, was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido.  The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what is today called Iburi Subprefecture.

## History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Iburi Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Iburi Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Iburi and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Ali Eisner

**Ali Eisner** (born 13 May 1973) is a professional puppeteer, screenwriter, creative producer, story editor, director and composer for children's television. The Juno Award-winning (Video of the Year, 2019) and three-time Gemini Award-nominated artist has brought their skills to networks like The Jim Henson Company (Fraggle Rock, 2021-2024), CBC (CBC Kids),TV Ontario (The Big Backyard), NBC (Sunny Side Up Show, Let's Go Show,The Sharing Show), Peacock Entertainment (Supernatural Academy), YTV(Brainwash), Disney Jr, Nickelodeon Jr, Family Jr and APTN. Ali's passion for Television has also led them to collaborate extensively with a rotating cast of established Canadian musicians, working in a wide range of mediums. Eisner identifies as Non-Binary/Transgender and strives to shine a light on the LGBTQ2S+community through their broadcast work, across a multi-platform career. Their goal is to educate and entertain, in hopes that we can be ourselves, together.
Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement

The **Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement** (or **ACTA**) is an international treaty that wants to make it easier to fight product piracy to protect intellectual property. This includes fighting counterfeits and copyright infringement, and imposing stricter regulations on generic drugs. ACTA is based on an earlier agreement called TRIPS.

Japan is the only country that has ratified this. European Union also has signed it but many people in Europe is against the Agreement because it can violate human rights especially the freedom of expression and privacy.
Earnest Byner

**Earnest Alexander Byner** (born September 15, 1962) is an American professional football coach and former running back. He is famous for one well known mistake while playing with the Cleveland Browns. While playing against the Denver Broncos in a 1986 playoff game, Byner fumbled at the Denver one yard line, which led to a Broncos victory. The play was called "The Fumble." Byner immediately became an assistant coach after his playing days were over.

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **image**: Earnest Byner (48713464727).jpg
- **caption**: Byner in 2019
- **position**: Running back
- **number**: 44, 21, 20
- **birth place**: Milledgeville, Georgia
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lbs**: 215
- **draftyear**: 1984
- **draftround**: 10
- **draftpick**: 280
- **college**: East Carolina University, East Carolina
- **teams**: * Cleveland Browns (–)
* Washington Redskins (–)
* Cleveland Browns (–)
* Baltimore Ravens (–)
- **pastcoaching**: * Baltimore Ravens (–)
* Washington Redskins (–)
* Tennessee Titans (–)
* Jacksonville Jaguars (–)
* Tampa Bay Buccaneers (–)
- **highlights**: * 2× Super Bowl Champion (Super Bowl XXVI, XXVI, Super Bowl XXXV, XXXV)
* 2× Pro Bowl (1991 Pro Bowl, 1990, 1992 Pro Bowl, 1991)
* Second-team All-Pro (1991 All-Pro Team, 1991)
* Washington Redskins#The 80 Greatest Redskins, 80 Greatest Redskins
* Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor
- **statlabel1**: Rushing yards
- **statvalue1**: 8,261
- **statlabel2**: Average
- **statvalue2**: 3.9
- **statlabel3**: Touchdowns
- **statvalue3**: 56
- **nfl**: BYN276861
Generic drug

A **generic drug** is a drug that uses the same active ingredients than another drug, which is already on the market. This second drug often uses a brand name. The German company Bayer developed an analgesic based on acetylsalicylic acid in the late 19th century. It marketed the drug as _Aspirin_. The drug is no longer under copyright, and anyone can produce a drug with the same active substances, but they may not call that drug Aspirin, because that is a trade name. Very often, such drugs are marketed with the name of the main active substance, and the name of the company producing the drug. In most cases generic drugs are cheaper to buy than the branded alternatives.
Super Bowl XXV

**Super Bowl XXV** was the 25th Super Bowl played. It was between the New York Giants and Buffalo Bills. New York beat Buffalo 20-19. Scott Norwood's last second field goal to win for the Bills went wide right. This started a four-game super Bowl-losing streak for the Bills. The game was played at Tampa Stadium.
Víctor Casadesús

**Víctor Manuel Casadesús Castaño**, usually just called **Víctor** (born 28 February 1985 in Palma, Majorca, Balearic Islands), is a Spanish footballer. He plays for RCD Mallorca as a forward.

## International career

Víctor played for Spain at the 2004 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship. He scored for Spain in the 2–2 semifinal draw (which they won in a penalty shootout) over Ukraine. He eventually got into the U-21s.

## Honours

- Spain U19
- UEFA U-19 Championship: 2004

## Other websites

- Mallorca official profile

## Infobox (football biography)

- **playername**: Víctor
- **fullname**: Víctor Manuel Casadesús Castaño
- **birth place**: Palma, Majorca, Palma , Spain
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **currentclub**: RCD Mallorca, Mallorca
- **clubnumber**: 18
- **youthclubs1**: RCD Mallorca, Mallorca
- **years1**: 2003–2005
- **clubs1**: RCD Mallorca B, Mallorca B
- **caps1**: 46
- **goals1**: 19
- **years2**: 2005–
- **clubs2**: RCD Mallorca, Mallorca
- **caps2**: 138
- **goals2**: 21
- **years3**: 2008
- **clubs3**: → Real Sociedad (loan)
- **caps3**: 19
- **goals3**: 6
- **years4**: 2008–2009
- **clubs4**: → Gimnàstic de Tarragona, Gimnàstic (loan)
- **caps4**: 36
- **goals4**: 13
- **nationalyears1**: 2004
- **nationalteam1**: Spain national under-19 football team, Spain U19
- **nationalcaps1**: 9
- **nationalgoals1**: 5
- **nationalyears2**: 2005
- **nationalteam2**: Spain national under-20 football team, Spain U20
- **nationalcaps2**: 3
- **nationalgoals2**: 1
- **pcupdate**: 6 November 2011
GPGPU

**GPGPU** stands for **General-Purpose computation on Graphics Processing Units**. It refers to using a Graphics Processing Unit to perform tasks normally done by a central processing unit.

GPUs are stronger than CPUs of the same price only for jobs that can be split up into many subtasks internally. Like playing videos and rendering graphics in video games. Likewise, CPUs are stronger than GPUs of the same price for jobs that cannot be split up.
Lee Unkrich

**Lee Unkrich** (born August 8, 1967) is an American director, editor, and screenwriter. He was the director of _Toy Story 3_ (2010). He also helped direct other Pixar movies. These include _Toy Story 2_, _Monsters, Inc._ and _Finding Nemo_.  Unkrich was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

### Feature Films

|Year|Title|Director|Writer|(Original) Story by|Executive Producer|Film Editor|Other|Voice Role|Notes||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1995|_Toy Story_||||||||||
|1998|_The Rugrats Movie_||||||||||
|1998|_A Bug's Life_|||||||Scared Ant #1|||
|1999|_Toy Story 2_|||||||Red Rocker|Additional Story Material||
|2000|_The Emperor's New Groove_|||||||Additional Voices|||
|2001|_Monsters, Inc._|||||||Sneezing Monster|rowspan=5|Brain Trust - uncredited|
|2003|_Finding Nemo_|||||||Additional Voices|||
|2004|_The Incredibles_||||||||||
|2006|_Cars_||||||||||
|2007|_Ratatouille_||||||||||
|2008|_WALL-E_||||||||rowspan=2|Senior Creative Team|
|2009|_Up_||||||||||
|2010|_Toy Story 3_|||||||Jack-In-The-Box Scotch-Taped Monkey|Additional Screenplay Material Senior Creative Team||
|2011|_Cars 2_||||||||rowspan=11|Senior Creative Team|
|2012|_Brave_||||||||||
|2013|_Monsters University_||||||||||
|rowspan=2|2015|_Inside Out_|||||||||
|_The Good Dinosaur_|||||||||||
|2016|_Finding Dory_||||||||||
|rowspan=2|2017|_Cars 3_|||||||||
|_Coco_|||||||Elote Skeleton||||
|2018|_Incredibles 2_||||||||||
|2019|_Toy Story 4_||||||||||
|rowspan="2"|2020|_Onward_|||||||||

### Television

- _Prison Stories: Women on the Inside_ (1991) (TV) (production assistant)
- _Silk Stalkings_ (1991) (TV Series) (assistant editor, editor, director)
- _Renegade_ (1993) (TV series) (assistant editor)
- _Betrayed by Love_ (1994) (TV) (assistant editor)
- _Separated by Murder _(1995) (TV) (editor)

#### Short Films and Television Specials

|Year|Title|Role||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2000|_For the Birds_|Thanks||
|2002|_Mike's New Car_|rowspan="4"|Special Thanks|
|2008|_Presto_|||
|2011|_Toy Story Toons: Hawaiian Vacation_|||
|rowspan="2"|2013|_The Blue Umbrella_||
|_Toy Story of Terror!_|Extra Special Thanks|||
|rowspan="2"|2014|_Lava_|Special Thanks|
|_Toy Story That Time Forgot_|Extra Special Thanks|||
|2015|_Sanjay's Super Team_|rowspan="4"|Special Thanks|
|2016|_Piper_|||
|2018|_La Noria_|||
|2019|_Float_|||
|rowspan="2"|2020|_Loop_|Story Trust|
|_Soul_|rowspan="2"|Special Thanks||
|rowspan="2"|2021|_Pixar Popcorn: A Day in the Life of the Dead_||
|_Luca_|Senior Creative Team|||
In the Bleachers

***In the Bleachers*** is a comic that comments on, and lampoons, sports. It was created in 1985 by cartoonist Steve Moore. It is syndicated internationally by Universal Press Syndicate.

## Other websites

- Official web site
- http://mag.awn.com/index.php?article_no=3023
Former Provinces of Hokkaidō

The **Former Provinces of Hokkaido** were created by the Meiji period government of Japan in 1869.  They lasted only until the creation of prefectures.

## History

In 1869, the island of Hokkaidō was organized into 11 provinces.

Other than the Hokkaido provinces, the majority of Japan's former provinces were converted into prefectures by the Meiji government between 1870 and 1876.

The Hokkaidō provinces were dissolved in 1882.  In that year, they were replaced with Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

In 1886, Hakodate, Sapporo and Nemuro prefectures were abolished.  The reform replaced with another entity called the .

In 1947, Hokkaido Prefecture was established.  The old provincial boundaries are mirrored in the island's subprefectures.

## List of provinces

Although the 19th century provinces of Hokkaidō lasted for only a short time, the subdivisions of the land of the island are very much like those which still exist.

### Chishima

was in the area of the islands of Kunashiri and Etorofu and the Kuril Islands.

### Hidaka

was in the area of Hidaka Subprefecture

### Iburi

was in the area of Iburi Subprefecture.

### Ishikari

was in the area of Ishikari Subprefecture.

### Kitami

was in the area of Sōya Subprefecture and Abashiri Subprefecture.

### Kushiro

was in the area of Kushiro Subprefecture and part of Abashiri Subprefecture.

### Nemuro

was in the area of the mainland portion of Nemuro Subprefecture.

### Oshima

was in the area of the southern part of Oshima Subprefecture and Hiyama Subprefecture.

### Shiribeshi

was in the area of the southern part of Shiribeshi Subprefecture,

### Teshio

was in the area of Rumoi Subprefecture and the northern half of Kamikawa Subprefecture.

### Tokachi

was in the area of  Tokachi Subprefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
Mike McGlone

**Michael "Mike" McGlone** (born 10 August 1972) is an American actor, singer, songwriter, and comedian. He is best known as the GEICO insurance spokesperson.
Puss in Boots

"**Puss in Boots**" is a fairy tale. It was written/recorded by Charles Perrault. The story is the classic "animal as helper" tale. It is about a cat who uses tricks and lies to gain power, money, and a princess in marriage for his lowborn master.  The story first appeared in a handwritten manuscript in 1695 with four other tales by Perrault. It was published in Paris in 1697 by Claude Barbin in _Histoires ou contes du temps passé_ (), a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault. The book was a great success.

A tale from Gianfrancesco Straparola's _Le piacevoli notti_ () (1550-55) and another from Giambattista Basile's _Pentamerone_ (1634) are similar to "Puss in Boots". Straparola's story was published in France in 1560. It may have influenced Perrault.  _Pentamerone_ was not published in France during Perrault's lifetime. It is not likely he knew Basile's tale.

## Story

A miller dies.  He leaves a cat to his youngest son. The cat requests a pair of boots. He tells the boy he will make his fortune. The cat makes friends with the king by bringing him a wild game in the name of his master. One day, the king rescues the boy from drowning. He dresses him in clothes from his own wardrobe. The king's daughter falls in love with the handsome boy at once. The cat takes possession of a castle for his master by killing an ogre. The boy marries the king's daughter.

## References

- Opie, Iona and Peter. 1974. _The Classic Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. pp. 21, 110-12.
- Zipes, Jack (Ed.) 2000. _The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. pp. 409.

## Infobox (fairy tale)

- **name**: Puss in Boots
- **image**:
- **caption**: Manuscript page
- **translator**: Charles Samber (first trans.)
- **author**: Charles Perrault
- **country**: France
- **language**: French
- **characters**: Puss in Boots
Miller's Son
King
Princess
Ogre
- **genre**: Literary fairy tale
- **published in**: _Stories or Tales of Times Past_
- **publication type**: Fairy tale collection
- **publisher**: Claude Barbin
- **media type**: Print
- **pub date**: 1697
Golden Sun

***Golden Sun*** is a Game Boy Advance handheld role-playing video game. It was developed by Camelot and published in 2001 by Nintendo. It's the first of the _Golden Sun_ series. In Japan, it's named ***Ōgon no Taiyō Hirakareshi Fūin*** (, meaning _Golden Sun: The Broken Seal_). In 2003, the second of the series named _Golden Sun: the Lost Age_ was released. The game's "Djinn" setting is unusual.

The game's story take place on a magic world named "Weyard". It's an alchemy world, and alchemy can be controlled by adepts. Long long ago, Alchemy was sealed, but one day some young adepts let it return to Weyard. To keep world safety, they have to travel to let alchemy be sealed again.

IGN's Craig Harris said _Golden Sun_ "is the best game in all 2D-based Japanese RPG".

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Golden Sun
- **developer**: Camelot Software Planning
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **director**: Shugo Takahashi
- **writer**: Hiroyuki Takahashi
- **composer**: Motoi Sakuraba
- **series**: _Golden Sun (series), Golden Sun_
- **genre**: Role-playing video game
- **modes**: Single player, Multiplayer video game, 2 players (need Game Link Cable)
- **platforms**: Game Boy Advance
Stories or Tales of Past Times

***Stories or Tales from Past Times*** () is a collection of eight fairy tales by Charles Perrault. It was published in Paris in 1697 by Claude Barbin. The collection is also known as _Mother Goose's Tales_ (). The eight tales are "The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood", "Little Red Riding Hood", "Bluebeard", "Puss in Boots", "Diamonds and Toads", "Cinderella", "Rickey with the Tuft", and "Hop o' My Thumb".  Later editions included three verse tales by Perrault: "Griselda", "The Silly Wishes", and "Donkeyskin". The stories have been translated into many languages. They have been published around the world.

## References

- Barchilon, Jacques and Henry Pettit (Eds.) 1974. _The Authentic Mother Goose Fairy Tales and Nursery Rhymes_. Denver: Alan Swallow. pp. 7–29.
- Betts, Christopher (Ed.) 2009. _The Complete Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. pp. ix-xliv.
- Opie, Iona and Peter. 1974. _The Classic Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. pp. 21–4.
- Zipes, Jack (Ed.) 2000. _The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. pp. 236–8.
Bluebeard

"**Bluebeard**" () is a fairy tale by Charles Perrault. It first appeared in a handwritten and illustrated manuscript in 1695 titled _Contes de ma mère l'oye_ (). The deluxe volume was intended for Mademoiselle, the 19-year-old niece of Louis XIV. It included four other tales by Perrault. "Bluebeard" was first published anonymously in January 1697 in Paris by Claude Barbin in _Histoires ou contes du temps passé_ (), a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault. The tale is about a cruel man who murders his wives so that he will inherit their wealth. He puts their corpses in a secret room opened only by a magic key.

Jacque Barchilon believes the tale is original with Perrault because there are no close antecedants. The taboo of the forbidden room is found in eastern literature, and Barchilon writes that the tale has an "Oriental character". He points out that the French associated beards with Turkish fashions, and early illustrations depict Bluebeard wearing a turban-like headdress.

Medieval murderer of children Gilles de Rais may have been the inspiration for the character of Bluebeard. De Rais was a Marshal of France and Joan of Arc's military companion. His victims (mostly young boys) were said to number 140. The Breton king Comorre the Cursed (c.500 AD) is another candidate. Tales similar to "Bluebeard" include "The Fitcher's Bird" by the Brothers Grimm and the English tale "Mr. Fox".

## Story

A rich man has a blue beard which frightens young women. He has been married several times but no one knows what has happened to his wives. He woos two young sisters in the neighborhood but neither are inclined to consider marriage. He treats them to a lavish time in his country house. The younger sister decides to marry him. Shortly after the wedding (and before he travels to a far land on business), Bluebeard gives his wife the keys to his house. One key opens a door to a distant room. He forbids her to enter this room. He leaves and his wife opens the door to the forbidden room. Here she finds Bluebeard's former wives, all dead and lying on a floor covered with blood. She drops the key. It is magic and becomes stained with blood that cannot be washed away. Bluebeard returns. He discovers the blood-stained key and knows his wife has disobeyed his order. He tells her she will take her place among the dead. He grants her a few minutes to pray. She calls her sister Anne and asks her to go to the top of the tower to see if her brothers are on the road. After several tense moments, Anne reports seeing the men approaching. Bluebeard raises a cutlass to decapitate his wife. Her brothers burst into the room. They kill Bluebeard. Their sister is safe.

## References

- Barchilon, Jacques and Henry Pettit. 1960. _The Authentic Mother Goose Fairy Tales and Nursery Rhymes_. Denver: Alan Swallow.
- Betts, Christopher. 2009. _The Complete Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. .
- Opie, Iona and Peter. 1974. _The Classic Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. pp. 103–5.
All That Heaven Allows

***All That Heaven Allows*** is a 1955 romantic drama movie. It stars Jane Wyman and Rock Hudson. Douglas Sirk directed. It is based on a story by Edna L. Lee and Harry Lee. The movie was produced by Ross Hunter, and released by Universal Pictures. It was chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

## Story

Cary Scott is a rich widow. Her social life is dull. It centers on her two adult children, her country club friends, and a couple of men with romantic hopes. She falls in love with young landscape designer Ron Kirby. He is her social inferior. He proposes and she says yes. Her children and friends disapprove. Because of this, Cary ends the relationship with Ron. Cary returns to her lonely life. She sees other women getting engaged and living lives of happiness. She finds the courage to defy social norms and commits to loving Ron.

## Criticism

Bosley Crowther did not like the movie. He wrote, "The script was obviously written to bring [Wyman] and Mr. Hudson, who made a popular twosome in the _Magnificent Obsession_, together again. Solid and sensible drama plainly had to give way to outright emotional bulldozing and a paving of easy clichés."
Imitation of Life (1959 movie)

***Imitation of Life*** is a 1959 American romantic drama movie. It stars Lana Turner, John Gavin, Juanita Moore, Susan Kohner, and Sandra Dee. Douglas Sirk directed. The movie is based on a book by Fannie Hurst. It was produced by Ross Hunter and released by Universal Pictures. The movie tells the story of two women and their daughters over the years.
Madame X (1966 movie)

***Madame X*** is a movie from 1966 starring Lana Turner, Constance Bennett, John Forsythe, Ricardo Montalbán, Burgess Meredith, and Keir Dullea. It was directed by David Lowell Rich and produced by Ross Hunter.

## Plot

Holly Parker marries a rich and ambitious politician named Clayton Anderson (Forsythe). He is often travelling. Holly steps out now and then with Phil (Montalbán). She breaks the relationship off, but Phil refuses to be dismissed. He dies while arguing with her.

Holly's mother-in-law (Bennett) realizes the scandal will destroy her son's political goals. She tells Holly to disappear forever by staging a fake drowning.  She does so, and flees to Europe.

The years pass. Holly drinks heavily and pals around with Dan (Meredith). They return to America. Holly discovers Dan plans to blackmail her husband. She kills him. She refuses to reveal her identity to the police, and signs a confession with the letter "X".

The court assigns her an attorney who happens to be her son Clayton Jr. (Dullea). The trial is nerve wracking for Holly. Weary and ill, she dies in jail without revealing that she is her attorney's mother.
Louis Vuitton

**Louis Vuitton** is a French fashion house formed in 1854 by Louis Vuitton. It sells shoes, watches, jewellery, accessories, sunglasses and books.  It sells its products in boutiques. The products are still made by hand. In 1867, the company participated in the universal exhibition in Paris. To protect the duplication of his look, he changed the Trianon design to a beige and brown in 1876. The company opened its first store in London, England on Oxford Street. In 1959 he created purses, bags and wallets. In 1977, the company had an annual income of 70 million francs.

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: Louis Vuitton Malletier
- **company logo**: Louis Vuitton logo and wordmark.svg
- **logo size**: 100px
- **company type**: Holding company division (LVMH)
- **foundation**: 1854
- **founder**: Louis Vuitton (designer), Louis Vuitton
- **location city**: Paris
- **location country**: France
- **key people**: Jordi Constans (Chairman & CEO)
Marc Jacobs (Art Director)
Antoine Arnault (Director of Communications)
- **industry**: Retail
- **parent**: LVMH
- **products**: Luxury goods
- **revenue**: €2.5 billion (2011)
- **homepage**: [http://www.louisvuitton.com louisvuitton.com]
Shapley 1

**Shapley 1** (also known as _Sp 1_ or _PLN 329+2.1_) is a planetary nebula in the constellation of Norma. The nebula was discovered by the astronomer Harlow Shapley in 1936 and it is about 1,000 lightyears away from Earth.
Pus

**Pus** is a fluid that is created as a result of certain inflammations in vertebrates. In vertebrates, white blood cells fight the inflammation. Neutrophils destroy the agents that cause the infection, for example bacteria, macrophages engulf and neutralise these agents. Pus is made of dead neutrophils and macrophages, mostly. In most cases, pus is the result of bacterial infection, but it can also result from other conditions, such as psoriasis.
Leptin

**Leptin** (from Greek λεπτός _leptos_, "thin" or "light" or "small") is a hormone made by cells in fat tissue that reduces hunger. That helps the energy balance in the body.

Leptin is opposed by the actions of the hormone ghrelin, the "hunger hormone".  Both hormones act on receptors in the  hypothalamus. They adjust appetite to get energy homeostasis.

In obesity, a decreased sensitivity to leptin comes up. This leads to a feeling of hunger, despite high energy stores.

Although regulation of fat stores is the primary function of leptin, it also plays a role in other physiological processes. These additional functions are still being studied.

Leptin was recently discovered in 1994 by Jeffrey M. Friedman and colleagues at Rockefeller University. Its discovery is important in the study of obesity which has become a problem in western society. The importance of leptin was discovered through experiments done on mice in a laboratory. Scientists found that mice who had more leptin in their bodies were thinner and did not need to eat as much. Leptin levels can be increased by reducing stress and having quality or restful sleep.

## Related pages

- Peptide hormone