juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bleienbach

**Bleienbach** is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website of Bleienbach

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bleienbach
- **municipality name**: Bleienbach
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bleienbach COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Bleienbach.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Oberaargau (administrative district), Oberaargau
- **postal code**: 3368
- **municipality code**: 0324
- **area**: 5.7
- **elevation**: 483
- **population**: 673
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **website**: www.bleienbach.ch
- **mayor**: Daniel Benevento
- **neighboring municipalities**: Langenthal, Switzerland, Langenthal, Lotzwil, Ochlenberg, Rütschelen, Thörigen, Thunstetten
Bleiken bei Oberdiessbach

**Bleiken bei Oberdiessbach** is a former municipality of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne, Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipality of Bleiken bei Oberdiesbach merged into the municipality of Oberdiessbach.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bleiken bei Oberdiessbach
- **image photo**: BleikenbeiOberdiessbach.JPG
- **municipality name**: Bleiken bei Oberdiessbach
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bleiken bei Oberdiessbach COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Bern-Mittelland (administrative district), Bern-Mittelland
- **postal code**: 3674
- **municipality code**: 0604
- **area**: 3.6
- **elevation**: 874
- **population**: 391
- **populationof**: Dec 2011
- **website**: -
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aeschlen bei Oberdiessbach, Aeschlen, Brenzikofen, Buchholterberg, Fahrni, Herbligen, Oberdiessbach
Law of definite composition

The **law of definite proportions** states that a chemical compound always has exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.  Joseph Proust, a French chemist,  first observed it in 1797.  For this reason, it is sometimes called  **Proust's law.**  t is also called the **law of constant composition** and the **law of definite proportions.**  It states that all samples of a given chemical compound have the same elemental composition by mass.  For example, oxygen makes up about <sup>8</sup>/<sub>9</sub> of the mass of any sample of pure water, while hydrogen makes up the remaining <sup>1</sup>/<sub>9</sub> of the mass.  The law of definite proportions is the basis of stoichiometry, together with the law of multiple proportions.  However, there are some compounds to which this law cannot be applied.  They are sometimes called non-stoichiometric compounds, which are commonly metals.

## Related pages

- Valency
- Stoichiometry
- Atomic orbital
- Atomic physics
- Molecular orbital
- Chemical formula
- Quantum mechanics
- Amount of substance
- Mass-energy equivalence
Canton of Remich

**Remich** () is a canton in the southeast of Luxembourg. Its capital is Remich.

## History

On 1 January 2012, the _communes_ of Burmerange and Wellenstein were merged with the _commune_ of Schengen.

## Geography

With an area of , and a population (2017) of 21,987, the Remich canton has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The canton has the Grevenmacher canton to the northeast, the Esch-sur-Alzette canton to the west and the Luxembourg canton to the northwest. The canton of Remich borders, to the east, with two districts of  Germanyː  Trier-Saarburg and Merzig-Wadern, and to the south with the Moselle department in France.

In the Schengen commune is the point where three countries meetː Luxembourg, France and Germany.

## Communes

The Remich canton has 8 communes (2016 population).
1. Bous (1,553)
1. Dalheim (2,148)
1. Lenningen (1,886)
1. Mondorf-les-Bains (4,999)
1. Remich (3,632)
1. Schengen (4,805)
1. Stadtbredimus (1,866)
1. Waldbredimus (1,098)

## Related pages

- Cantons of Luxembourg
- Districts of Luxembourg (former)
- List of cities in Luxembourg

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Canton of Remich
- **native name**: Kanton Réimech
- **settlement type**: Cantons of Luxembourg, Canton
- **image map**: Canton Remich in Luxembourg.svg
- **image shield**: Remich (canton) coat of arms.png
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Luxembourg
- **subdivision type1**: Legislative constituency
- **subdivision name1**: Circonscription Est (Luxembourg), Est
- **subdivision type2**: Local administrative unit, LAU 1
- **subdivision name2**: LU00012
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Remich
- **area total km2**: 127.9
- **area rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by area, 11th of 12
- **elevation max m**: 368
- **elevation max footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by highest point, 12th of 12)
- **elevation min m**: 140
- **elevation min footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by lowest point, 2nd of 12)
- **population rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population, 7th of 12
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population density, 4th of 12
- **parts type**: Communes
<small>(List of cities in Luxembourg, cities in bold)</small>
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Bous, Luxembourg, Bous
Dalheim
Lenningen, Luxembourg, Lenningen
Mondorf-les-Bains
**Remich**
Schengen, Luxembourg, Schengen
Stadtbredimus
Waldbredimus
Canton of Vianden

**Vianden** () is a canton in the north of Luxembourg. Its capital is Vianden.

## History

On 1 January 2006, the _communes_ of Bastendorf (in the Diekirch canton) and Fouhren were merged to form the _commune_ of Tandel.

## Geography

Vianden is the smallest canton of Luxembourgh, with an area of , and a population (2017) of 5,162; it has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The canton has the Diekirch canton to the south, southwest and west; and the Clervaux canton to the northwest. To the east, it borders with the Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm district (Rhineland-Palatinate state), Germany.

## Communes

The Vianden canton has 3 communes (2017 population).
1. Putscheid (1,123)
1. Tandel (2,031)
1. Vianden (2,008)

## Related pages

- Cantons of Luxembourg
- Districts of Luxembourg (former)
- List of cities in Luxembourg

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Canton of Vianden
- **native name**: Kanton Veianen
- **settlement type**: Cantons of Luxembourg, Canton
- **image map**: Canton Vianden in Luxembourg.svg
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Luxembourg
- **subdivision type1**: Legislative constituency
- **subdivision name1**: Circonscription Nord (Luxembourg), Nord
- **subdivision type2**: Local administrative unit, LAU 1
- **subdivision name2**: LU00009
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Vianden
- **area total km2**: 78.5
- **area rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by area, 12th of 12
- **elevation max m**: 542
- **elevation max footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by highest point, 3rd of 12)
- **elevation min m**: 190
- **elevation min footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by lowest point, 5th of 12)
- **population rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population, 12th of 12
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population density, 10th of 12
- **parts type**: Communes
<small>(List of cities in Luxembourg, cities in bold)</small>
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Putscheid
Tandel
**Vianden**
- **image shield**: Armoiries de Nassau 2.svg
Canton of Wiltz

**Wiltz** () is a canton in northwestern Luxembourg. Its capital is Wiltz.

## History

On 1 January 2012, the _communes_ of  Heiderscheid and Neunhausen were merged with the _commune_ of Esch-sur-Sûre.

## Geography

With an area of , and a population (2017) of 16,449, the Wiltz canton has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The canton has the Clervaux canton to the north, the Diekirch canton to the east and the Redange canton to the south. The canton of Wiltz borders, to the west, with the _arrondissement_ of  Arlon, (Belgium).

## Communes

The Wiltz canton has 7 communes (2016 population).
1. Boulaide (1,223)
1. Esch-sur-Sûre (2,640)
1. Goesdorf (1,543)
1. Kiischpelt (1,168)
1. Lac de la Haute-Sûre (1,860)
1. Wiltz (6,730)
1. Winseler (1,285)

## Related pages

- Cantons of Luxembourg
- Districts of Luxembourg (former)
- List of cities in Luxembourg

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Canton of Wiltz
- **native name**: Kanton Wolz
- **settlement type**: Cantons of Luxembourg, Canton
- **image flag**: Flag of Wiltz Canton, Luxembourg.svg
- **image map**: Canton Wiltz in Luxembourg.svg
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Luxembourg
- **subdivision type1**: Legislative constituency
- **subdivision name1**: Circonscription Nord (Luxembourg), Nord
- **subdivision type2**: Local administrative unit, LAU 1
- **subdivision name2**: LU00008
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Wiltz
- **area total km2**: 264.6
- **area rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by area, 3rd of 12
- **elevation max m**: 537
- **elevation max footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by highest point, 4th of 12)
- **elevation min m**: 233
- **elevation min footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by lowest point, 11th of 12)
- **population rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population, 11th of 12
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population density, 11th of 12
- **parts type**: Communes
<small>(List of cities in Luxembourg, cities in bold)</small>
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Boulaide
Esch-sur-Sûre
Goesdorf
Kiischpelt
Lac de la Haute-Sûre
**Wiltz**
Winseler
- **image shield**: Armoiries de Wiltz 1.svg
Angela Paton

**Angela Paton** (January 11, 1930 – May 26, 2016) was an American theater, TV and movie actress. She was known for her roles as Mrs. Lancaster, the innkeeper, in _Groundhog Day_ (1993), Grandma in _American Wedding_ (2003) and Mrs. Holmes in _Lolita_ (1997).

Paton died on May 26, 2016 in Oakland, California from a heart attack, aged 86.

## Other websites

- ACT’s 40th season — an interview with Angela Paton and Bob Goldsby  at the _San Francisco Chronicle_

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Angela Paton
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Oakland, California, Oakland, California, U.S.
- **other names**: Angela Paton Goldsby
Angie Paton
- **occupation**: Actor, Actress
- **years active**: 1972–2014
- **spouse**: Bob Goldsby
Kai G. Henriksen

**Kai Henning Gjesdal Henriksen** (21 May 1956 – 27 May 2016) was a Norwegian businessperson. He was a former politician for the Conservative Party of Norway. He served a period as the chief executive officer of Storebrand Bank. He was born in Tromsdalen. Henriksen was CEO of the Norwegian government-owned wine and spirits retail monopoly company, AS Vinmonopolet from 2006 until his death in 2016.

Henriksen died on 27 May 2016 in Oslo, Norway from complications of pancreatic cancer, aged 60.
Beatenberg

**Beatenberg** is a municipality of the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Beatenberg
- **municipality name**: Beatenberg
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Beatenberg COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Beatenberg.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Interlaken-Oberhasli (administrative district), Interlaken-Oberhasli
- **postal code**: 3803
- **municipality code**: 0571
- **area**: 29.2
- **elevation**: 1129
- **lowest m**: 559
- **highest m**: 2063
- **population**: 1145
- **populationof**: Dec 2010
- **popofyear**: 2010
- **website**: www.beatenberg.ch
- **mayor**: Verena Moser
- **neighboring municipalities**: Sigriswil, Unterseen
Blumenstein

**Blumenstein** is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Blumenstein
- **municipality name**: Blumenstein
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Blumenstein COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Thun (administrative district), Thun
- **postal code**: 3638
- **municipality code**: 0922
- **area**: 15.52
- **elevation**: 659
- **population**: 1184
- **populationof**: Dec 2012
- **website**: www.blumenstein.ch
- **mayor**: Regula Hänni
- **neighboring municipalities**: Därstetten, Forst-Längenbühl, Pohlern, Rüeggisberg, Rüti bei Riggisberg, Uebeschi, Wahlern
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum

**Frequency hopping spread spectrum** is a method of transmitting data wirelessly, using many different frequencies. After a given time, the transmitter and receiver change the frequency on which they transmit the signal. They do this in a seemingly random way, but both have agreed on the order in which they use the frequencies.

Technologies such as Bluetooth use it.

It is one of the technologies generally referred to as Spread spectrum.
NK Osijek

**N.K. Osijek** is a football club which plays in Croatia.

## League position

|Season|League|Position|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1992|Prva HNL|3rd|
|1992/93|Prva HNL|6th|
|1993/94|Prva HNL|8th|
|1994/95|Prva HNL|3rd|
|1995/96|Prva HNL|4th|
|1996/97|Prva HNL|8th|
|1997/98|Prva HNL|3rd|
|1998/99|Prva HNL|4th|
|1999/00|Prva HNL|3rd|
|2000/01|Prva HNL|3rd|
|2001/02|Prva HNL|8th|
|2002/03|Prva HNL|8th|
|2003/04|Prva HNL|4th|
|2004/05|Prva HNL|8th|
|2005/06|Prva HNL|4th|
|2006/07|Prva HNL|6th|
|2007/08|Prva HNL|3rd|
|2008/09|Prva HNL|7th|
|2009/10|Prva HNL|5th|
|2010/11|Prva HNL|8th|
|2011/12|Prva HNL|8th|
|2012/13|Prva HNL|7th|
|2013/14|Prva HNL|8th|
|2014/15|Prva HNL|8th|
|2015/16|Prva HNL|8th|

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Osijek
- **fullname**: Nogometni klub Osijek
- **founded**: 1947
- **ground**: Stadion Gradski vrt
- **capacity**: 18,856
- **chairman**: Ivan Meštrović
- **manager**: Zoran Zekić
- **league**: Prva HNL
- **season**: 2015/16
- **position**: Prva HNL, 8th
- **pattern b1**: _greyblue_sleeve_seams
- **leftarm1**: FFFFFF
- **body1**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm1**: FFFFFF
- **shorts1**: 093E96
- **socks1**: FFFFFF
- **pattern b2**: _greyblue_sleeve_seams
- **leftarm2**: FFFFFF
- **body2**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm2**: FFFFFF
- **shorts2**: FFFFFF
- **socks2**: FFFFFF
Bolligen

**Bolligen** is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district of the canton of Berne
in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bolligen
- **municipality name**: Bolligen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bolligen COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Bolligen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Bern-Mittelland (administrative district), Bern-Mittelland
- **postal code**: 3065
- **municipality code**: 0352
- **area**: 16.57
- **elevation**: 578
- **website**: www.bolligen.ch
- **mayor**: René Bergmann
- **mayor asof**: 2023
- **mayor party**: Mitte
- **places**: Bantigen, Ferenberg bei Stettlen, Flugbrunnen, Geristein, Habstetten
- **neighboring municipalities**: Ittigen, Ostermundigen, Stettlen, Vechigen, Krauchthal (Emmental district), Mattstetten, Moosseedorf, Münchenbuchsee, Urtenen-Schönbühl
- **twintowns**: Hluboká nad Vltavou (Czech Republic)
David Bryan

**David Bryan Rashbaum** (born February 7, 1962), better known as **David Bryan**, is the keyboard player of American rock band Bon Jovi. With the band,  he has co-written songs and sings backing vocals.

He is also the co-writer of the successful Broadway musical _Memphis_. He wrote the music and lyrics. Joe DiPietro wote the book and some lyrics.

_Memphis_ played on Broadway from October 18, 2009 to August 5, 2012. The Broadway production won Best Musical in the Live Theatre division of the Golden Icon Awards, as well as four Tony Awards including Best Musical and four Drama Desk Awards. These make _Memphis_ the most nominated show on Broadway.

## Second musical

Bryan also co-wrote the musical _The Toxic Avenger_, also with Joe DiPietro. The musical made its off-Broadway premiere at New World Stages on April 6, 2009.

## Other websites

- David Bryan website
- Official website for _Memphis_
- Memphis at the Internet Broadway Database

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: David Bryan
- **image**: David Bryan of Bon Jovi at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival.jpg
- **caption**: Bryan at the 2009 premiere of _When We Were Beautiful_
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: David Bryan Rashbaum
- **birth place**: Perth Amboy, New Jersey, United States
- **instrument**: Vocals, keyboards, piano
- **genre**: Rock, hard rock, Heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **occupation**: Musician, keyboardist
- **years active**: 1978–present
- **associated acts**: Bon Jovi
The Straight Dope

"**The Straight Dope**" is a newspaper column.  Its author uses the pen name "Cecil Adams."  Readers send questions in to Adams, and he answers them.  He often uses humor in his answers.

The first _Straight Dope_ column was published on February 2, 1973. As of 2013, _The Straight Dope_ was published in the _Chicago Reader_ and syndicated in eight newspapers in the United States.

## Creators and format

Most reader questions are answered by Cecil Adams.  Adams describes himself as "the world's most intelligent human being."  He describes _The Straight Dope's_ goal this way:

The name "The Straight Dope" comes from the American idiom meaning roughly "the true information; the full story". The column covers many subjects, including history, science, urban legends, myths, and inventions.  The column's motto is: "Fighting ignorance since 1973 (it's taking longer than we thought)."

_The Straight Dope_ is illustrated by Slug Signorino.

## Website

As of 2016, _The Straight Dope's_ website includes all of Adams' new columns, and archives of his past columns.  There are also online forums where users can discuss Adams' columns, as well as many other topics.

## Books

To date, Adams has published five collections of his columns, and his "assistant," Ed Zotti, has published a children's collection in the Adams style, _Know It All_.

## Television

In 1996, the A&E Network briefly aired a show based on _The Straight Dope_, hosted and co-written by comedian Mike Lukas.

A "Straight Dope" podcast was briefly released in November 2009, but was then cancelled.

## Related pages

- Urban legend
- Snopes.com
- FactCheck.org
- TruthOrFiction.com
- _The Skeptic's Dictionary_
- _MythBusters_
- List of common misconceptions

## Other websites

- The Straight Dope

## Infobox (website)

- **logo**: The Straight Dope.png
- **logo size**: 100px
- **url**: [http://www.straightdope.com www.straightdope.com]
- **type**: Reference pages
- **commercial**: Yes
- **registration**: Required only on Internet forum, forums
- **owner**: The Chicago Reader / The Straight Dope Publishing
- **author**: Cecil Adams
- **launch date**: 1973
- **current status**: Active
Saintpaulia

***Saintpaulia***, **African violets**, are small plants from Africa which live in cloud forest habitats. They are herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae.

They are easy to distinguish from other plants by their eye-catching heart-shaped leaves and colourful bright flowers.
Victoria, Hong Kong

**Victoria City** was one of the first urban settlements in Hong Kong after it became a British colony in 1842. It was named after Queen Victoria, the Queen of the United Kingdom.

In 1857, the British government expanded Victoria City and divided it into seven districts, including Sai Ying Pun, Sheung Wan, Tai Ping Shan and Central. These were located in the area that is now the Central, Western and Wanchai districts.

Victoria City is technically the capital of Hong Kong. However, the name is rarely used today.

## Other websites

- Historical and statistical abstract of the colony of Hongkong (1907)
Cloud forest

A **cloud forest** or **fog forest** is a tropical or subtropical, contains mostly evergreen trees, and is high up on a mountain.  There is a large amount of water in the air. Cloud forests have cloud cover for much of the year, usually at the same height as the canopy, the place where the trees' branches meet.

Cloud forests often have mosses covering the ground and large plants. such **mossy forests** usually grow on the saddles of mountains, where the wind cannot blow away moisture from clouds.

Cloud forests grow from 500 to 4000 meters above sea level. Usually, they grow where the fog is right at the level where the plants grow, so there is less sunlight to burn away the mist. Many of the plants take water through fog drip. Fog drip is when water forms drops on tree leaves and then drips onto the ground below.
Bollodingen

**Bollodingen** was a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011 it was merged with the municipality of Bettenhausen.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bollodingen
- **municipality name**: Bollodingen
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bollodingen COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Oberaargau (administrative district), Oberaargau
- **postal code**: 3366
- **municipality code**: 0974
- **area**: 2.0
- **elevation**: 476
- **population**: 205
- **populationof**: Dec 2010
- **website**: www.bollodingen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bettenhausen, Switzerland, Bettenhausen, Hermiswil, Oberönz, Ochlenberg, Steinhof (SO), Thörigen
Bürglen, Uri

**Bürglen UR** is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. Around 3,000 people live in Bürglen. It has an area of .

## Other websites

- Official Website of Bürglen

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bürglen UR
- **image photo**: Bürglen 1081.jpg
- **municipality name**: Bürglen UR
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Bürglen UR.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Buerglen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Uri
- **iso-code-region**: CH-UR
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 6463
- **municipality code**: 1205
- **area**: 53.14
- **elevation**: 525
- **population**: 3994
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **website**: www.buerglen.ch
- **mayor**: Urban Camenzind-Arnold
- **neighboring municipalities**: Altdorf, Switzerland, Altdorf, Attinghausen, Flüelen, Muotathal (SZ), Riemenstalden (SZ), Schattdorf, Sisikon, Spiringen, Unterschächen
Alessia Cara

**Alessia Caracciolo** (born July 11, 1996), known professionally as **Alessia Cara**, is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She is best known for her hit songs "Here" and "Wild Things".

Cara's singing style has been compared to that of Norah Jones and Adina Howard.

Cara released her first single "Here" in April 2015.  The following single, "Scars to Your Beautiful", was released from her first studio album, _Know-It-All_.  She collaborated with German DJ Zedd on the song "Stay". "Stay", "Here", and "Scars to Your Beautiful" all reached the top ten in the US and was at the top of the US Mainstream Top 40 radio chart.

In 2018, she won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist, one of the "Big Four" awards.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Alessia Cara
- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: Alessia Cara press photo 2015.pngborder
- **caption**: Cara in 2015
- **birth name**: Alessia Caracciolo
- **birth place**: Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- **origin**: Brampton, Ontario, Canada
- **associated acts**: Newtown Rock Band, Halsey, Fall out boy, Panic! At the disco, Tori Kelly, Melanie Martinez
- **years active**: 2014–present
Giorgio Albertazzi

**Giorgio Albertazzi** (20 August 1923 – 28 May 2016) was an Italian actor movie director, screenwriter and singer.

He was known for his roles in _Little World of Don Camillo_, _Concert of Intrigue_, _White Nights_, _Last Year at Marienbad_, _Eva_, _Redhead_, _I Married You for Fun_, _The Assassination of Trotsky_, _Five Women for the Killer_, _Mark of the Cop_, _Once a Year, Every Year_, _Li chiamarono... briganti!_, _The Rage_ and in _Some Say No_.

His best known directed movies were _La governante_ and _Gradiva_. He sang the soundtrack for _Gli angeli del potere_.

Albertazzi died on 28 May 2016 in Roccastrada, Italy, aged 92.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Giorgio Albertazzi 1960s.jpg
- **name**: Giorgio Albertazzi
- **birth place**: Fiesole, Kingdom of Italy, Italy
- **death place**: Roccastrada, Italy
- **occupation**: Actor, movie director, singer, screenwriter
- **partner**: Anna Proclemer
- **spouse**: Pia de Tolomei
(m. 2007－2016, his death)
- **years active**: 1949–2016
- **awards**: Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
(1996)
Georges Sesia

**Georges Sesia** (8 July 1924 – 12 May 2016) was a French footballer who played as a striker. He was born in Villerupt. He made one appearance for the French national team in 1948.

Sesia played for Nancy-Lorraine, FC Nancy, Stade Français Paris, Roubaix-Tourcoing, Strasbourg, Béziers and Merlebach.

Sesia died on 12 May 2016 in France, aged 91.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Georges Sesia
- **birth place**: Villerupt, France
- **position**: Forward (association football), Striker
- **years1**: 1943–1944
- **clubs1**: EF Nancy-Lorraine, Nancy-Lorraine
- **years2**: 1944–1948
- **clubs2**: FC Nancy
- **caps2**: 92
- **goals2**: 36
- **years3**: 1948–1951
- **clubs3**: Stade Français Paris (football), Stade Français Paris
- **caps3**: 100
- **goals3**: 30
- **years4**: 1951–1952
- **clubs4**: CO Roubaix-Tourcoing, Roubaix-Tourcoing
- **caps4**: 29
- **goals4**: 13
- **years5**: 1952–1955
- **clubs5**: RC Strasbourg Alsace, Strasbourg
- **caps5**: 91
- **goals5**: 38
- **years6**: 1955–1957
- **clubs6**: AS Béziers Hérault (football), Béziers
- **caps6**: 62
- **goals6**: 23
- **years7**: 1961–1962
- **clubs7**: SO Merlebach, Merlebach
- **totalcaps**: 374
- **totalgoals**: 140
- **nationalyears1**: 1948
- **nationalteam1**: France national football team, France
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Gavyn Farr Arthur

His Honour Judge Sir **Gavyn Farr Arthur** KStJ GCFO (13 September 1951 – 16 May 2016) was a British judge. He served as the 675th Lord Mayor from 2002 to 2003. He served as Alderman for the Ward of Cripplegate in the City from his election in 1991 until 2005.

Arthur died from a heart attack in London on 16 May 2016, aged 64.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sir Gavyn Farr Arthur
- **order**: 675th
- **office**: Lord Mayor of London
- **term start**: 2002
- **term end**: 2003
- **predecessor**: Michael Oliver (Lord Mayor), Sir Michael Oliver
- **successor**: Robert Finch (Lord Mayor), Sir Robert Finch
- **birth date**: 13 September 1951
- **birth place**: South Africa
- **death date**: 16 May 2016 (aged 64)
- **death place**: London, UK
- **relations**: Arthur baronets, Sir Benjamin Arthur, Bt
- **residence**: Barbican Estate, Barbican EC2, London
- **alma mater**: Christ Church, Oxford
- **occupation**: Lawyer
- **profession**: Judge
John Webster (British theologian)

**John Bainbridge Webster** DD FRSE (20 June 1955 – 25 May 2016) was a British theologian of the Anglican Communion. He was born in Mansfield, England. He wrote about systematic, historical and moral theology. He was the Chair of Divinity at St. Mary's College, University of St Andrews, Scotland.

He died at his home in Aberdeen, Scotland on 25 May 2016 at the age of 60.

## Other websites

- Webster's webpage at the University of St. Andrews.html)
- Kantzer Lectures  at the Henry Center
- Webster at Frost's Scottish Who's Who
- John Webster at Theopedia
Bryce Dejean-Jones

**Bryce Alexander Dejean-Jones** (August 21, 1992 – May 28, 2016) was an American professional basketball player. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He played college basketball for Iowa State University. He played professionally for the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 2016.

On May 28, 2016, Dejean-Jones died in Dallas, Texas when he was shot by his ex-girlfriend's neighbour, after breaking into the neighbor's apartment. He thought he was breaking into his ex-girlfriend's apartment. He was 23 years old.

## Other websites

- Iowa State bio
- UNLV bio
Stanley Burke

**Stanley Burke, Jr.** (February 8, 1923 – May 28, 2016) was a Canadian television journalist. He was the anchor of CBC Television's _The National News_ from 1966 to 1969. The show was renamed _The National_ after he resigned to launch a public campaign on the Biafran civil war.

Burke died at the Kingston General Hospital in Kingston, Ontario on May 28, 2016, aged 93.

## Other websites

- Stanley Burke

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Stanley Burke, Jr.
- **birth place**: Western Canada
- **death place**: Kingston, Ontario
- **nationality**: Canadians, Canadian
- **occupation**: journalist, news presenter, author
- **television**: _The National (CBC), The National_
František Jakubec

**František Jakubec** (12 April 1956 – 27 May 2016) was a Czech football player. He played for Bohemians Prague for most of his career. He also played with Veria in the Greek Super League. He was born in Český Brod, Czechoslovakia.

He played for Czechoslovakia national football team (25 matches) and was a non-playing member of their squad at the 1982 FIFA World Cup.

Jakubec died on 27 May 2016 in Prague from a heart attack, aged 60.

## Other websties

- ČMFS entry

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: František Jakubec
- **birth place**: Český Brod, Czechoslovakia
- **position**: Defender
- **youthclubs1**: Sokol Vyšehořovice
- **youthclubs2**: Bohemians 1905, Bohemians Prague
- **years1**: 1976–1978
- **years2**: 1978–1986
- **years3**: 1987
- **years4**: 1987–1989
- **years5**: 1989–1990
- **clubs1**: VTJ Karlovy Vary
- **clubs2**: Bohemians 1905, Bohemians Prague
- **clubs3**: Veria F.C.
- **clubs4**: AC Bellinzona
- **clubs5**: Bohemians 1905, Bohemians Prague
- **caps2**: 284
- **caps3**: 14
- **caps4**: 42
- **caps5**: 5
- **goals2**: 19
- **goals3**: 1
- **goals4**: 0
- **goals5**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1981–1984
- **nationalteam1**: Czechoslovakia national football team, Czechoslovakia
- **nationalcaps1**: 25
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
David Cañada

**David Cañada Gracia** (11 March 1975 – 28 May 2016) was a Spanish professional road racing cyclist. He was known for winning the 2006 Volta a Catalunya. He competed in the 2005 Tour de France. Cañada was unable to compete in the 2009 season, due to treatment for skin cancer which had been detected in 2007, and retired early in the 2010 season.

He died at the age of 41 after a fall during a cycling event.

## Infobox (cyclist)

- **name**: David Cañada
- **image**: David Canada Gracia.jpg
- **fullname**: David Cañada Gracia
- **caption**: Cañada racing in the 2007 Tour de Romandie
- **birth place**: Zaragoza, Spain
- **height**: 1.76 m
- **weight**: 65 kg
- **currentteam**: Retired
- **discipline**: Road
- **role**: Rider
- **proyears1**: 1996–2000
- **proyears2**: 2001–2002
- **proyears3**: 2003
- **proyears4**: 2004–2009
- **majorwins**: Volta a Catalunya (2006 Volta a Catalunya, 2006)
Vuelta a Murcia (2000 Vuelta a Murcia, 2000)
Circuit de la Sarthe (cycling), Circuit de la Sarthe (2000)
Civil Air Patrol

The **Civil Air Patrol** (**CAP**) is a non-profit organization that serves as the official civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force (USAF). CAP is a volunteer organization with members from many backgrounds. It performs three missions: emergency services, which includes search and rescue (by air and ground) and disaster relief operations; aeronautics education for youth and the general public; and cadet programs for teenage youth.

Membership in the organization consists of cadets ranging from 12 to just under 21 years of age. Senior members are 18 years of age and up. All members wear uniforms while performing their duties.

The standard uniform of the Civil Air Patrol is the Airman Battle Uniform(ABU). The uniform is a mix of green and tan colors. The ABU was also worn by the United States Air Force. The Civil Air Patrol has another uniform called Dress Blues Uniform(DBU). This uniform is white and blue, and is used for special events.
|Regions|Shortened Name|Wings Within Region|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Mid-Atlantic Region|MAR|Delaware, Maryland, D.C., North Carolina, South Carolina, West Virginia, Virginia|
|Northeast Region|NER|New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont|
|North Central Region|NCR|Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota|
|Southeast Region|SER|Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Puerto Rico, Tennessee|
|Southwest Region|SWR|Arizona, Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas|
|Rocky Mountain Region|RMR|Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming|
|Great Lakes Region|GLR|Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin|
|Pacific Region|PCR|Alaska, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, Washington|

## Other websites

- Flying Minute Men The Story of the Civil Air Patrol

## Infobox (military unit)

- **unit name**: Civil Air Patrol
- **image**: Roundel of the United States– Civil Air Patrol.svg
- **dates**: 1941–present
- **type**: Civilian Auxiliary
- **role**: Domestic Patrol and Emergency Services
- **size**: 36,673 Senior Members (as of 26 November 2024)
32,408 Cadets (as of 26 November 2024)
544 light aircraft
4,300 volunteer-owned aircraft
1,000+ CAP-owned vehicles
- **garrison**: Maxwell Air Force Base
- **garrison label**: Headquarters
- **motto**: _"Semper Vigilans"_
Always Vigilant
- **march**: "The C.A.P. Is On The Go"
- **battles**: World War II
- **flying hours**: 101,584 Hours
- **website**: https://www.gocivilairpatrol.com
- **commander1**: Major General Regena M. Aye, CAP
- **commander1 label**: National Commander
- **notable commanders**: Major General John F. Curry, CAP
- **aircraft general**: **Powered**: Cessna 172, Cessna 182, Cessna 206, Maule M-7, MT-7-235, de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver, de Havilland L-20, Gippsland GA8 Airvan, Gippsland GA8
**Unpowered**: LET L-23 Super Blaník, LET L-23, Schweizer SGS 2-33
Juicy (The Notorious B.I.G. song)

"**Juicy**" is the first single by American rapper the Notorious B.I.G. The song is from his first album _Ready to Die_ (1994). Poke (of Trackmasters) and Sean "Puffy" Combs were the producers of the song. "Juicy" contains a sample of Mtume's 1983 song "Juicy Fruit". It is directly sampled from the song's "Fruity Instrumental" mix.

The song is widely considered to be one of the greatest hip-hop songs of all time. The song charted at number 27 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100.

## Content

The song is a "rags to riches chronicle". The Notorious B.I.G. talks about his childhood years living in poverty, his initial dreams of becoming a rapper, early musical influences, his time dealing drugs, criminal involvement, and his eventual success in the music industry and current lavish lifestyle.

The song's lyrics refer to the February 26, 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center.

## Accolades

- _Blender_ Magazine ranked the song #168 on its Top 500 Songs of the '80s–'00s list in 2005.
- Bruce Pollock put it on his The 7,500 Most Important Songs of 1944–2000 list in 2005.
- _ego trip_ ranked it #1 on its Hip Hop's 40 Greatest Singles by Year 1980–98 list in 1999.
- Pitchfork Media ranked the song at #14 on their _Top 200 Tracks of the 1990s_.
- _Pop_ ranked it #1 on their Singles of the Year list in 1994.
- _Q_ ranked "Juicy" the ninth greatest hip hop song of all time.
- _Rolling Stone_ ranked the song #424 in its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, moving to #32 in the 2021 revision.
- _Spex_ included it on The Best Singles of the Century list in 1999.
- _The Boston Phoenix_ included it on their 90 Best Songs of the 90s list in 1999.
- _The Source_ included it on their The 100 Best Rap Singles of All Time list in 1998.
- VH1 ranked it #7 on its "100 Greatest Hip Hop Songs Ever" and #1 on its "40 Greatest Hip Hop Songs of the 90s".
- BBC ranked it #1 on its "Greatest hip-hop songs of all time".

#### A-side

1. "Juicy" (Dirty Mix) (5:05)
1. "Unbelievable" (3:45) <small>(produced by DJ Premier)</small>
1. "Juicy" (Remix) (4:42) <small>(produced by Pete Rock)</small>

#### B-side

1. "Juicy" (Instrumental) (5:05)
1. "Unbelievable" (instrumental) (3:45)
1. "Juicy" (remix instrumental) (4:43)

## Official versions

- "Juicy" (album version)
- "Juicy" (instrumental) – 5:05
- "Juicy" (dirty mix) – 5:05
- "Juicy" (remix) – 3:42
- "Juicy" (remix instrumental) – 4:43

### Weekly charts

|Chart (1994–95)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|US Hot Rap Singles (_Billboard_)|style="text-align:center;"|1|

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Juicy
- **type**: single
- **artist**: the Notorious B.I.G.
- **album**: Ready to Die
- **b-side**: Unbelievable (The Notorious B.I.G. song), Unbelievable
- **released**: August 9, 1994
- **recorded**: 1994
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop
- **length**: 4:13
- **writer**: The Notorious B.I.G., Christopher Wallace
- **chronology**: The Notorious B.I.G.
- **next title**: Big Poppa
- **next year**: 1994
Don McNay

**Donald Joseph "Don" McNay** (February 13, 1959 – May 29, 2016) was an American financial author and columnist. He was a chartered financial consultant and specialist on what to do when you win the lottery. He was born in Covington, Kentucky, but was raised in Lexington, Kentucky. He was a financial author and _The Huffington Post_ contributor.

McNay died of a suspected heart attack on May 29, 2016 in New Orleans, Louisiana, aged 57.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Don McNay
- **image**: Don McNay - Profile.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **birth place**: Covington, Kentucky, Covington, Kentucky, United States, U.S
- **birth date**: February 13, 1959
- **death place**: New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S
- **alma mater**: Eastern Kentucky University
- **occupation**: Financial author
- **parents**: Joseph & Ollie O. McNay
- **spouse**: Dr. Karen Thomas McNay
- **children**: 2
Robert List

**Robert Frank "Bob" List** (born September 1, 1936) is an American attorney and politician. He served as the 24th Governor of Nevada from 1979 to 1983. List was defeated for re-election in 1982 by Nevada Attorney General Richard Bryan. He is a member of the Republican Party.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Robert List
- **image**: Robert List in 2010.jpg
- **caption**: List in 2010
- **order**: List of Governors of Nevada, 24th
- **office**: Governor of Nevada
- **term start**: January 1, 1979
- **term end**: January 3, 1983
- **lieutenant**: Myron E. Leavitt
- **predecessor**: Mike O'Callaghan
- **successor**: Richard Bryan
- **order2**: Nevada Attorney General, 26th
- **office2**: Attorney General of Nevada
- **term start2**: January 4, 1971
- **term end2**: January 1, 1979
- **governor2**: Mike O'Callaghan
- **predecessor2**: Harvey Dickerson
- **successor2**: Richard Bryan
- **birth name**: Robert Frank List
- **birth place**: Visalia, California, Visalia, California, United States, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Utah State University
University of California, Hastings College of the Law, UC Hastings College of Law
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Mary Minor
- **residence**: Las Vegas Valley, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, U.S.
- **profession**: Attorney at law, Attorney and politician
M14 rifle

The **M14** **rifle** is an American 7.62×51mm NATO battle rifle.  The United States Military began using it in 1959 during the Vietnam War.  The M14 production began in 1959 and ended in 1964.  The M14 can be used as a battle rifle and as a sniper rifle in later years.  The M14 was based on the M1 Garand and is essentially a modernized variant of it.  In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the M14 was replaced by the M16A1 by the United States Army in Vietnam.

The rifle returned to active service with the US  Army as the M14 EBR in 2002, where it has remained in service as a dedicated marksman rifle with updates and changes to its design, including an adjustable and collapsible stock, adjustable sights, rails and a bipod.
Mount Kinabalu

**Mount Kinabalu**  is a high mountain on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. This is in Malaysia.

The mountain is protected as a park, named Kinabalu Park. The park was awarded the country's first World Heritage Site. Because of over 5,000 plant species, it is also one of the world’s most important biological sites.

At its peak, the indigenous Kadazan people make their homes there. The mountain's name comes from the name "Akinabalu" (meaning _Revered Place of the Dead_).

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount Kinabalu
- **other name**: _Gunung Kinabalu_
- **photo**: MtKinabalu_view_from_kundasan.jpg
- **photo caption**: Mount Kinabalu
- **elevation m**: 4096
- **prominence m**: 4096
- **prominence ref**:
<small>List of peaks by prominence, Ranked 20th</small>
- **listing**: List of countries by highest point, Country high point
Ultra prominent peak, Ultra
Ribu, Spesial (Ribu)
- **range**: Crocker Range
- **location**: Sabah, Borneo,
Malaysia
- **label position**: bottom
- **first ascent**: March 1851
Hugh Low <small>(summit plateau)</small>

1888
John Whitehead (explorer), John Whitehead <small>(highest peak)</small>
- **easiest route**: Hiking
Spread spectrum

**Spread spectrum** is a method in radio and other kinds of telecommunication. Its purpose is to overcome interference, noise and jamming of signals.

Sending radio wave signals through the air became possible in the later 19th century with wireless telegraphy. The fact that signals were affected by natural interference was soon discovered. By the early 1900s, wireless telegraphy could cross the Atlantic. Intercepting the enemy's radio communications and interfering with their transmission was important in World War II. Messages in code were intercepted and recorded for decryption and translation. Not only can radio signals be detected, but those listening can be detected, since radio receivers also emit a signal.

Above all, since radio direction-finding is widely used in civil and military aviation, ways are needed to reduce interference with these transmissions. The main method is spread spectrum. Spread spectrum systems transmit the message using a bandwidth that is wider than the bandwidth actually needed by the message signal. This spreading of the transmitted signal over a large bandwidth make the resulting wideband signal appear as a noise signal. This resists intentional and unintentional interference with the transmitted signal.

1. **Direct-sequence spread spectrum** transmits the messages and adds chips of noise to the message. The sequence of chips produced by the transmitter is already known by the receiver. The receiver uses the same pseudonoise (PN) sequence to  reconstruct the information signal. Benefits:
    1. It resists intended or unintended jamming
    1. It shares a single channel among multiple users
    1. It reduces the signal/background-noise level: this hampers interception
    1. Determines the relative timing between transmitter and receiver
1. **Frequency-hopping spread spectrum** transmits radio signals by rapidly switching a carrier among many frequency channels. It uses a pseudorandom sequence known to both transmitter and receiver. Its benefits are:
    1. Spread-spectrum signals can resist narrowband interference.
    1. Spread-spectrum signals are difficult to intercept. A spread-spectrum signal may simply look like an increase in the background noise to a narrowband receiver.
    1. Spread-spectrum transmissions can share a frequency band with many types of conventional transmissions with little interference.
    1. Military users can generate the channel sequence with a transmission security key (TRANSEC) that the sender and receiver share in advance. For such critical uses, spread spectrum methods alone do not give enough security.
Boltigen

**Boltigen** is a municipality in the administrative district of Obersimmental-Saanen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website of the Boltigen Community

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Boltigen
- **municipality name**: Boltigen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Boltigen COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Boltigen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Obersimmental-Saanen (administrative district), Obersimmental-Saanen
- **postal code**: 3766
- **municipality code**: 0791
- **area**: 77
- **elevation**: 814
- **population**: 1367
- **populationof**: Dec 2011
- **website**: www.boltigen.ch
- **mayor**: Klaus Meinen-Roschi
- **mayor asof**: 2008
- **mayor title**: Gemeindepräsident
- **neighboring municipalities**: Diemtigen, Jaun (FR), Oberwil im Simmental, Plaffeien (FR), Saanen, Zweisimmen
Noise (electronics)

In electronics, **noise** is a random fluctuation in an electrical signal. This happens in all electronic circuits. Noise made by electronic devices varies greatly. In communication systems, noise is an error or random disturbance of useful information in a communication channel.

The noise is the total of unwanted or disturbing energy from natural and sometimes man-made sources. Noise is usually distinguished from interference, such as deliberate jamming or other unwanted electromagnetic interference.

If a message is transmitted in a natural language (a series of letters which make sense), then it is more resistant to noise than a spoken language.
Santa Fe Trail

The **Santa Fe Trail** was a 19th century transportation route through central North America. It connected Independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico.  It was pioneered in 1821 by William Becknell. The Santa Fe Trail was a vital commercial highway until the introduction of the railroad to Santa Fe in 1880. Santa Fe was near the north end of the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro which carried trade from Mexico City.  The Santa Fe railroad, now known as BNSF (Burlington Northern Santa Fe), roughly parallels the original Santa Fe Trail.

The route skirted the northern edge and crossed the northwestern corner of Comancheria, the territory of the Comanches. they demanded payment for allowing people to use the trail.  Comanche raiding farther south in Mexico isolated New Mexico. This made the area more dependent on the American trade.  In general, finished and manufactured goods went west from the Kansas City area and payments in gold traveled east from Santa Fe.  The trade along the trail gave the Comanches a steady supply of horses.  By the 1840s trail traffic along the Arkansas River valley was so heavy that bison herds could not reach important seasonal grazing land. This contributed to their decline which in turn hastened the decline of Comanche power in the region. The Trail was used as the 1846 U.S. invasion route of New Mexico during the Mexican–American War.

After the U.S. took the Southwest ending the Mexican–American War, the trail helped open the region new settlement. It was important for the expansion of the U.S. into the lands it had taken.

## Historic trail

The road route is commemorated today by the National Park Service as the **Santa Fe National Historic Trail**. A highway route that roughly follows the trail's path through the entire length of Kansas, the southeast corner of Colorado and northern New Mexico has been designated as the Santa Fe Trail National Scenic Byway. It is  long and takes about 12 hours to drive the trail today.
Bönigen

**Bönigen** is a municipality of the administrative district Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. It is on the shore of Lake Brienz.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bönigen
- **municipality name**: Bönigen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bönigen BE COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Bönigen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Interlaken-Oberhasli (administrative district), Interlaken-Oberhasli
- **postal code**: 3806
- **municipality code**: 0572
- **area**: 15.1
- **elevation**: 568
- **population**: 2444
- **populationof**: Dec 2010
- **website**: www.boenigen.ch
- **mayor**: Hans Nyffenegger
- **neighboring municipalities**: Iseltwald, Gündlischwand, Gsteigwiler, Interlaken, Matten bei Interlaken, Wilderswil