juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Gul Circle MRT station

**Gul Circle MRT station is (EW30)** is an above ground MRT station on the East West Line.

The station is the only above-ground station on the MRT network where the eastbound and westbound platforms are not located on the same level. This special layout is a provision for a possible two-station future extension to Tuas South, which would likely branch out from this station in a fashion similar to Tanah Merah MRT station as of 2024. Official details for this extension have not yet been announced.

## History

The idea of the extension was first mooted on 25 January 2008 with the extension proposed to be completed by 2015.
The stations were first announced on 11 January 2011 by Transport Minister Mr Raymond Lim in a speech while visiting Bedok when new platform screen doors opened there and originally fixed 2016 as the original year of the line completion.

The station is expected to benefit an estimated 100,000 commuters daily. It is the first elevated stacked island platform, as there is a possible future two-station extension to Tuas South leading out from this station or interchange with another line. The $190-million contract was awarded to Shanghai Tunnel Engineering, a major civil engineering company from China for this station.

This station ceiling is  above ground - about the height of a 10-storey HDB (Housing Development Board) block, the highest elevated station along the MRT network. There are two reasons for the height. First, the 7.5 km, $3.5 billion extension goes over the Ayer Rajah Expressway viaduct at the Pan-Island Expressway interchange. Second, a 4.8 km portion of the line is being integrated with a road viaduct, which runs below the rail line.

The opening of the station was delayed from 2016 to the second quarter of 2017 to make way for the installation of the new signalling system. It became fully operational on 18 June 2017.

Train services between Gul Circle and Tuas Link were temporary closed between 16 and 19 November 2017 following a collision that happened at Joo Koon. On 20 November 2017, train services from Gul Circle to Tuas Link were resumed; however, train services between Joo Koon and Gul Circle will be suspended till mid-2018 to facilitate maintenance work on signalling devices.

## Future plans

The station was built with two extra tracks opposite the operational EWL tracks, possibly for cross platform interchange with a future two-station extension of the line to Tuas South.

## Related pages

- Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

## Infobox (station)

- **type**: Rapid transit
- **image**: Gul Circle station.jpg
- **image caption**: Platform B of Gul Circle
- **address**: 7A Tuas Road
Singapore 637288
- **structure**: Elevated
- **platform**: 4 (2 island platforms) (2 not in use)
- **depth**: (height)
- **levels**: 2
- **tracks**: 4 (2 not in use)
- **connections**: Bus, Taxi
- **parking**: Yes
- **bicycle**: Yes
- **electrified**: Yes
- **ada**: Yes
- **operator**: SMRT Trains (SMRT Corporation)
Producer gas

**Producer gas** is a fuel produced by passing air and steam through red-hot coke or anthracite or other fuel that contains carbon. Producer gas contains carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, and mostly nitrogen.
Rajendra Prasad

**Rajendra Prasad** was the first President of India. He was the president from 1950 to 1962. He was an Indian political leader and lawyer. Prasad joined the Indian National Congress during the Indian Independence Movement. He became a major leader from Bihar. He is a supporter of Mahatma Gandhi. Prasad was put in jail by Britishers during the Salt Satyagraha of 1931. He was also put in jail during the Quit India movement of 1942.

## First President of India

Prasad served as Minister of Food and Agriculture in the central government, after the 1946 elections. After independence in 1947, Prasad was elected as President of the Constituent Assembly of India. This assembly prepared the Constitution of India. When India became a Republic in 1950, Prasad was elected as the first President by the Constituent Assembly.In 1957, Prasad was re-elected as the President. By this he became the only president of India to serve two full terms. He died on 28 February 1963.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **office**: 1st President of India
- **image**: Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg
- **predecessor**: _Position established_
 Chakravarti Rajagopalachari as the Governor General of India
- **primeminister**: Jawaharlal Nehru
- **successor**: Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
- **vicepresident**: Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
- **party**: Indian National Congress
- **nationality**: Indian
- **birth place**: Ziradei, Bengal Presidency, British Raj, British India
- **death cause**: Heart Attack
- **death place**: Patna, Bihar, India
- **alma mater**: University of Calcutta
- **awards**: Bharat Ratna (1962)
- **term start**: 26 January 1950
- **term end**: 13 May 1962
Rajapalaiyam

Rajapalaiyam is a town and a special grade municipality. It is in the Virudhunagar district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Its main attraction is the Ayyanar Falls. The economy is based on the manufacture of textiles. There are mills for spinning and weaving cotton. This town is also known for the Rajapalayam variety of dogs.

## Population

According to 2011 census, Rajapalayam had a population of 130,442. It has a sex-ratio of 1,014 females for every 1,000 males. This ratio is much above the national average of 929.The average literacy of the city was 77.87%.

According to the religious census of 2011, Rajapalayam had 94.53% Hindus, 3.48% Muslims, 1.75% Christians, 0.02% Sikhs and 0.21% other religious population.
Neyveli

Neyveli is a town in Cuddalore district, Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The town was developed in 1956 after the establishment (construction) of Neyveli Lignite Corporation.

## History

In 1935, the presence of black particles was discovered. It was found that the particles are Lignite. The Neyveli Lignite Corporation was formed by the Government of India in 1956. The mining of lignite was started in 1962. Later thermal power station was started in 1962 with the co-operation of U.S.S.R.

## Population

As per 2011 census, population of Neyveli is 105,687.The male and female population are 53,442 and 52,245 respectively. Average literacy rate of Neyveli city is 90.98%. The sex ratio is 978 females per 1000 males.
South Canara

**South Canara** was a district of the Madras Presidency of British India.
It covered the areas of the present-day districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi of Karnataka and the Kasaragod District of Kerala. In this district Tulu, Malayalam , Kannada, Konkani and Beary are the main languages spoken. It consists majorly of the Kannada and Telugu language speaking people.

## History

South Kanara was occupied by the British East India Company. This was after the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Mysore War of 1799. South Canara along with North Kanara formed the district of Kanara in the Madras Presidency.
In 1859, Kanara was split into two districts, North and South. North Kanara was made a part of the Bombay Presidency. South Canara was made a part of Madras. Mangalore was the administrative headquarters of the district. The district covered an area of .

## Population

South Kanara had a total population of 1,134,713 in 1901. In this 81 percent were Hindus, 11 percent were Muslim and 7 percent were Christian. In 1901, South Kanara had a density of .

## Other websites

- South Canara by Vikas Kamat from _Kamat.com_
Beary language

**Beary language** is an Indian language. It is spoken by the Muslim communities of Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts) and some parts of Kerala. Bearys speak a language made of Malayalam idioms (form of expression of a language) with Tulu pronunciation and grammar. The first Beary language feature movie (full length movie) _Byari_ shared the award for the best feature movie at the 59th Indian National Film Awards.
Joker (2016 movie)

***Joker*** is a 2016 Indian Tamil-language political satire (meaning: mockery, joke) movie. It was written and directed by Raju Murugan (of _Cuckoo film_ famous). This was produced by Dream Warrior Pictures.  The film was made with Guru Somasundaram and newcomers Ramya Pandian and Gayathri Krishnaa in leading roles. Bava Chelladurai, Ramasamy and Bala Murugan did the supporting roles. The satellite rights of the film were sold to Jaya TV.

## Characters

- Guru Somasundaram as Mannar Mannan
- Ramya Pandian as Malliga
- Gayathri Krishnaa as Isai
- Mu Ramasamy as Ponnoonjal
- Bava Chelladurai
- P.V.Anandakrishnan as S.P

## Awards

- Best Film Award at 14th Chennai International Film Festival 2016
- Best Production Award at Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards 2016
- Best Dialogue Award at Ananda Vikatan Awards 2016
- Best Film Award at Norway Tamil Film Festival 2017
- Best Tamil Film Award at Zee Cine Awards 2017
- Best Feature Film in Tamil at 64th National Film Award
- Best Male Playback Singer at 64th National Film Award
- Best Actor Male at Behindwoods Gold Medal 2017
- Best Dialogue Writer at Behindwoods Gold Medal 2017
- Best Film Award at Behindwoods Gold Medal 2017
- Best Film Award at 64th Filmfare Awards South
- Best Playback Singer (Male) Award at 64th Filmfare Awards South

## Other websites

- (IMDb)
- Joker website
- Joker Trailer
- Joker in Facebook
Dubreuillosaurus

***Dubreuillosaurus*** is a genus of carnivorous dinosaur from the middle Jurassic Period. It is a megalosaurid theropod closely related to Afrovenator and its fossils were found in France
It looked a lot like _Eustreptospondylus_. The type fossil was an individual that probably measured  long and weighed .

## Other websites

- _Dubreuillosaurus_  in the Dino Directory
Woh Apna Sa (TV series)

**Woh Apna Sa** is an Indian Hindi-Language television soap opera that originally aired on Zee TV from 23 January 2017 to 23 July 2018. The show will be produced by Rashmi Sharma Telefilms Limited. It Stars Disha Panwar,Sudeep Sahir and Manasi Salvi. The show follows the story of Jhanvi and Arjun True Love.Ridhi Dogra who initially played the antagonist role of Nisha quit the show later replaced by Manasi Salvi. It previously aired Mon-Fri 10PM, but now airs Mon-Fri 7PM as Ishq Subhan Allah was given the 10PM timeslot.

### Main

- Disha Parmar as Jia Aakash Khanna/Jhanvi Aditya Jindal
- Sudeep Sahir as Arjun Khanna/Aditya Jindal
- Tanya Sharma as Binni Jindal
- Sara Khan as Rano Arjun Khanna
- Manasi Salvi as Nisha Samar Sukhla
- Swasti Katyal as Chinni Aditya Jindal
- Reyhna Malhotra as Tamara
- Ashish Kapoor as Samar Sukhla
- Alka Kausal as Ambika Khanna

### Recurring

- Ushma Rathod as Sharda Darmesh Jindal
- Isha Anand Sharma As Doctor Priya
- Buneet Kapoor as Raj Jindal
- Amit Behl as Dharmesh Jindal
- Ananya Khare as Sudha
- Sabina Jat as Surbhi Agarwal

## Infobox (television)

- **creator**: Siddhartha P Malhotra
- **producer**: Rashmi Sharma
- **language**: Hindi
- **country**: India
- **network**: Zee TV
- **company**: Rashmi Sharma Telefilms Limited
- **num seasons**: 1
- **num episodes**: 391
Condorraptor

***Condorraptor*** (meaning 'robber from Cerro Condor') is a genus of Megalosaurid theropod dinosaur. From the Middle Jurassic of Argentina, it was one of the earliest large South American theropods. The animal was about 4.5 metres long and it weighed about 200 kg. It is very similar to another theropod from the same formation called _Piatnitzkysaurus_.
Marshosaurus

***Marshosaurus*** is a genus of medium to large-sized carnivorous theropod dinosaur. It is from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah and Colorado. This carnivore was once common in the same territory as the larger and more dangerous _Allosaurus_. It was about 4.5 metres long and weighed 200 kg. It most likely preyed on giant sauropod dinosaurs such as _Camarasaurus_, _Apatosaurus_, _Diplodocus_, _Supersaurus_, _Brontosaurus, Seismosaurus, Haplocanthosaurus_ and _Brachiosaurus_, as well as stegosaurs such as _Hesperosaurus_ and _Stegosaurus_. It also lived at the same time as three other carnivores of the era, including _Ornitholestes, Torvosaurus_ and _Ceratosaurus_.

## Prey sources

Amongst _Marshosaurus_<nowiki/>'s main prey sources were _Apatosaurus_, _Supersaurus_, _Hesperosaurus_ and _Brontosaurus_. But other than meals, it had a few rivals. Some other carnivores that were its rivals included _Saurophaganax_, _Allosaurus_, _Ceratosaurus_, _Torvosaurus_ and _Antrodemus._
Hans-Reinhard Koch

**Hans-Reinhard Koch** (27 November 1929 – 25 April 2018) was a German Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Leinefelde-Worbis, Germany.

Koch was ordained to the priesthood in 1955. He served as titular bishop of _Mediana_ and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt, Germany, from 1985 to 2004.

Koch died on 25 April 2018 in Erfurt, Germany of complications from a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 88.
Piatnitzkysaurus

***Piatnitzkysaurus*** (meaning "Piatnitzky's lizard") is a genus of theropod dinosaur. It lived about 166 to 164 million years ago in the middle Jurassic Period. Its remains were found in Argentina. The animal was a fairly large, lightly built, bipedal, land-based carnivore. It grew up to  long.
Shuhrat Abbosov

**Shuhrat Abbosov** (sometimes spelled **Shukhrat Abbasov** in English) (; ) (January 16, 1931 – April 25, 2018) was an Uzbek actor, movie director, screenwriter, and movie producer. He was best known for his movie _Mahallada duv-duv gap_ (1960) which is considered to be one of the best Uzbek movies of all time. He was also known for writing the screenplay for the highly-popular 1977 adventure movie _Shum bola._

Abbosov died on April 25, 2018, at the age of 87.
Palaeoscincus

***Palaeoscincus*** (meaning "ancient skink" in Greek) is a genus of ankylosaurian dinosaur based on teeth discovered in Montana. Like several other dinosaur genera named by Joseph Leidy (_Deinodon_, _Thespesius_, and _Trachodon_), it is an historically important genus with a convoluted taxonomy that has been all but abandoned by modern dinosaur paleontologists. Because of its wide use in the early 20th century, _Palaeoscincus_ is often shown with the armor of _Edmontonia_ and the tail club of an ankylosaurid.
Philibert Randriambololona

**Philibert Randriambololona** (1 May 1927 – 17 April 2018) was a Malagasy Roman Catholic archbishop.

Randriambololona was born in Anjozorobe, Madagascar and was ordained to the priesthood in 1961 for the Society of Jesus. He served as coadjutor bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Antsirabé, Madagascar, from 1988 to 1989 and then as bishop of the diocese from 1989 to 1992. He then served as the archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fianarantsoa, Madagascar from 1992 to 2002.

Randriambololona died on 17 April 2018 in Antananarivo, Madagascar at the age of 90.

## Infobox (religious leader)

- **name**: Philibert Randriambololona
- **religion**: Roman Catholic
- **birth date**: 1 May 1927
Thespesius

***Thespesius***, or ***Thespecius***, is an extinct hadrosaur described by Joseph Leidy in 1876.

## History of _Thespesius_

_Thespecius_ was discovered in Montana in 1855. Known fossils include vertebrae and toe bones (phalanx).

The name _Thespesius_ means wondrous one. Leidy avoided using the suffix "saurus" in the genus name because Vandiveer Hayden had claimed the bones came from a layer from the Miocene so there was a chance that the animal would turn out to be a mammal, though Leidy himself was convinced it was a dinosaurian. _Thespesius_ turned out to be a dinosaur. The specific name _occidentalis_ means "western" in Latin.
Niederschönenfeld

**Niederschönenfeld** is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. Since 2002, the mayor has been Peter Mahl.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Niederschönenfeld
- **wappen**: DEU Niederschönenfeld 2 COA.svg
- **image photo**: Mariae Himmelfahrt Niederschoenenfeld.jpg
- **image caption**: The parish church of _Mariä Himmelfahrt_ at Niederschönenfeld
- **lageplan**: Niederschönenfeld in DON.svg
- **bundesland**: Bayern
- **regierungsbezirk**: Schwaben
- **landkreis**: Donau-Ries
- **höhe**: 397
- **fläche**: 14.39
- **plz**: 86694
- **vorwahl**: 09090
- **kfz**: DON
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 7 79 192
- **bürgermeister**: Peter Mahl
- **partei**: FW
- **website**: [https://www.niederschoenenfeld.de/ www.niederschoenenfeld.de]
Bob Pickens

**Bob Pickens** (February 2, 1943 – April 12, 2018) was an American Olympic wrestler and professional football player. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He played for the Chicago Bears from 1967 to 1969. Pickens was also an Olympic wrestler, competing in Tokyo, Japan in the heavyweight division at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Pickens died in Atlanta, Georgia on April 12, 2018 at the age of 75.
Huguette Tourangeau

**Huguette Tourangeau**  (August 12, 1940 – April 21, 2018) was a Canadian operatic mezzo-soprano. She was born in Montreal, Quebec. She was made Order of Canada in July 1997. In 1967 and 1968, Tourangeau appeared with the New York City Opera, as Carmen.  She made her formal Metropolitan Opera debut on November 28, 1973, as Nicklausse in _The Tales of Hoffmann_.

Other notable roles included Bertario in _Rodelinda_, at the Holland Festival; in _Semiramide_ (as Arsace), _Mignon_ (as Mignon), and _Le roi de Lahore_ (as Kaled), at the Vancouver Opera; and _La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein_, at the Santa Fe Opera.

Tourangeau died on April 21, 2018 at the age of 77.

## Other websites

- On Huguette Tourangeau at _The Canadian Encyclopedia_
Leland B. Yeager

**Leland Bennett Yeager** (; November 4, 1924 – April 23, 2018) was an American economist and an expert on monetary policy and international trade. He was a Professor Emeritus at both Auburn University and the University of Virginia.

The month before his death Yeager wrote about the "destructive and ignorant" trade policy of United States President Donald Trump. Yeager died in April 2018 at the age of 93.

## Infobox (economist)

- **name**: Leland B. Yeager
- **school tradition**: Virginia school of political economy, Virginia School
- **image**: Yeager.jpg
- **caption**: James M. Buchanan, Buchanan and Yeager
- **birth place**: Oak Park, Illinois
- **field**: Monetary policy, international trade
- **doctoral advisors**: James W. Angell, Ragnar Nurkse
- **influences**: Ludwig von Mises, Murray Rothbard, Friedrich Hayek
Jerry Sandusky

**Gerald Arthur Sandusky** (born January 26, 1944) is an American convicted serial rapist, child molester and retired college football coach. Sandusky served as an assistant coach for his entire career, mostly at Pennsylvania State University under Joe Paterno, from 1969 to 1999. He received "Assistant Coach of the Year" awards in 1986 and 1999. Sandusky wrote several books about to his football coaching experiences.

In 1977, Sandusky founded The Second Mile, a non-profit charity serving Pennsylvania's underprivileged and at-risk youth.

## Controversies

In 2011, following a two-year grand jury investigation, Sandusky was arrested and charged with 52 counts of sexual abuse of young boys over a 15-year period from 1994 to 2009. Sandusky was sentenced on October 9, 2012, to 30 to 60 years in prison—at his age, effectively a life sentence. On October 31, 2012, Sandusky was moved to Pennsylvania's SCI Greene "supermax" prison to serve his sentence.

On January 30, 2013, Pennsylvania Judge John Cleland denied Sandusky's request for a new trial.

## Other websites

- Sandusky, Penn State case timeline
- Grand jury indictment( )

## Infobox (criminal)

- **birth name**: Gerald Arthur Sandusky
- **birth place**: Washington, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **charge**: Involuntary deviant sexual intercourse, indecent assault, criminal intent to commit indecent assault, unlawful contact with minors, corruption of minors, endangering welfare of children
- **conviction**: June 22, 2012
- **conviction penalty**: 30 to 60 years in prison, sentenced on October 9, 2012
- **conviction status**: Incarcerated at State Correctional Institution – Somerset; earliest possible release October 9, 2042
- **occupation**: College football coach (retired)
- **spouse**: Dottie Sandusky
- **children**: 6 (adopted)


## Infobox (college coach)

- **sport**: American football, Football
- **player years1**: 1963–1965
- **player team1**: Penn State Nittany Lions football, Penn State
- **player positions**: Defensive end
- **coach years1**: 1966
- **coach team1**: Penn State Nittany Lions football, Penn State (graduate assistant)
- **coach years2**: 1967
- **coach team2**: Juniata Eagles football, Juniata (assistant)
- **coach years3**: 1968
- **coach team3**: Boston University Terriers football, Boston University (assistant)
- **coach years4**: 1969
- **coach team4**: Penn State Nittany Lions football, Penn State (Defensive line, DL)
- **coach years5**: 1970–1976
- **coach team5**: Penn State Nittany Lions football, Penn State (Linebacker, LB)
- **coach years6**: 1977–1999
- **coach team6**: Penn State Nittany Lions football, Penn State (defensive coordinator, DC/LB)
- **awards**: Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame
Peter Madsen

**Peter Langkjær Madsen** (; born 12 January 1971) is a Danish former entrepreneur and self-taught engineer. He co-founded the non-profit organization Copenhagen Suborbitals and was the founder and CEO of RML Spacelab ApS.

In April 2018, Madsen was convicted of the 2017 murder of Swedish journalist Kim Wall on board his submarine _UC3 Nautilus_ and sentenced to life imprisonment.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Peter Madsen
- **image**: PeterMadsen clipportrait.png
- **caption**: Madsen in November 2010
- **birth name**: Peter Langkjær Madsen
- **birth place**: Copenhagen, Denmark
- **charge**: Murder, indecent handling of a corpse, sexual assault
- **conviction penalty**: Life imprisonment in Denmark, Life imprisonment
- **conviction**: Premeditated murder and sexual assault
Abbas (photographer)

**Abbas Attar** (; full name:  _ʿAbbās ʿAṭṭār_) (29 March 1944 – 25 April 2018) was an Iranian photographer. He was known for his photojournalism in Biafra, Vietnam and  South Africa in the 1970s.  He was a member of Sipa from 1971 to 1973, a member of Gamma from 1974 to 1980, and joined Magnum Photos in 1981.

Abbas died of complications from diabetes in Paris on 25 April 2018 at the age of 74.

## Books

- _Iran, la révolution confisquée_, Clétrat, Paris, 1980
- _Retornos a Oapan_, FCE Rio de Luz, Mexico, 1986
- _Return to Mexico_, W. W. Norton, New York, 1992
- _Allah O Akbar, voyages dans l’Islam militant_, Phaidon, London, 1994
- _Allah O Akbar, a journey through militant Islam_, Phaidon, London, 1994
- _Viaggio negli Islam del Mondo_, Contrasto, Roma, 2002
- _Voyage en chrétientés_, La Martiniere, Paris, 2000
- _Faces of Christianity_, A. Abrams, New York, 2000
- _Glaube-liebe-hoffnung_, Knesebeck, Munchen, 2000
- _IranDiary 1971–2002_, Autrement, Paris, 2002
- _IranDiario 1971–2005_, Sagiattore, Milano, 2006
- _Abbas, I Grandi Fotografi di Magnum_, Hachette, Milan, 2005
- _Sur la Route des Esprits_, Delpire, Paris, 2005
- _The children of Abraham_, (exhibition catalogue), Intervalles, Paris, 2006
- _In Whose Name?_, Thames & Hudson, London, 2009
- _Ali, le Combat,_ Sonatines, Paris, 2011
- _Les Enfants du lotus, voyage chez les bouddhistes,_ De la Martinière, Paris, 2011

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Abbas
- **image**: Abbas - Magnum Photographer.jpg
- **birth date**: 1944
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **nationality**: Iranian
Adebayo Adedeji

**Adebayo Adedeji** (December 21, 1930 in Ijebu-Ode – April 26, 2018 in Lagos) was a Nigerian economist and academic.  He was Executive Secretary to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa from 1975 to 1978, and UN Under-Secretary-General from 1978 until 1991.

Adedeji was the founding Executive Director of the African Centre for Development and Strategic Studies (ACDESS) in 1991.

## Other websites

- The United Nations Intellectual History Project _(includes biography and link to CV)_
- ACDESS 180803
Inuka

**Inuka** (Inuit for "Silent Stalker") (26 December 1990 – 25 April 2018) was a male polar bear and one of the mascots of the Singapore Zoo. He was the first polar bear to be born in the tropics.

In early 2018, it was announced that Inuka's health was failing. After a second examination, Inuka was euthanized at the zoo on 25 April 2018 at the age of 27.
Animal euthanasia

**Animal euthanasia** (euthanasia from ; "good death") is the act of putting an animal to death or allowing it to die by without it facing extreme medical measures. Reasons for euthanasia include incurable (and especially painful) conditions or diseases, lack of resources to continue supporting the animal, or laboratory test procedures.

Euthanasia methods are designed to cause minimal pain and distress. Euthanasia is distinct from animal slaughter and pest control although in some cases the procedure is the same.

In pet animals, this process is commonly referred to by euphemisms such as "put down" or "put to sleep".
Harry Kim (politician)

**Harry Kim** (born 1939) is an American politician. He is the Mayor of Hawaii County since December 2016. He served as Mayor from 2000-2008. Prior to his election, he was the county's civil defense director.

While Kim first ran for mayor as a Republican, he considers himself to be nonpartisan.

## Other websites

- Video interview with Harry Kim

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Harry Kim
- **birth place**: Keaau, Hawaii, ‘Ola‘a, Territory of Hawaii, U.S.
- **office**: Mayor of Hawaii County
- **term start**: December 5, 2016
- **predecessor**: Billy Kenoi
- **term start2**: December 4, 2000
- **term end2**: December 1, 2008
- **predecessor2**: Stephen Yamashiro
- **successor2**: Billy Kenoi
- **party**: Independent politician#State and local offices, Independent
- **spouse**: Bobbie Kim
- **children**: 2 sons
- **residence**: Hilo, Hawaii
- **profession**: Civil defense, Civil Defense Director
- **branch**:  United States Army
- **battles**: Vietnam War
Tarcisio Bertone

**Tarcisio Pietro Evasio Bertone**  (born 2 December 1934) is an Italian prelate and a Vatican diplomat. He was a cardinal of the Catholic Church, he served as Archbishop of Vercelli from 1991 to 1995, as Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, when Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) was Prefect, Archbishop of Genoa from 2002 to 2006, and as Cardinal Secretary of State from 2006 to 2013.

Bertone was elevated to the cardinalate in 2003. On 10 May 2008, he was named Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati. He was thought to be a candidate to replace Benedict XVI.

## Other websites

- Biography at catholic-pages.com
- Tarcisio Bertone, Salesian Cardinal
- Bertone interview
- Thomas P. Doyle – Letter to Cardinal Bertone
- God's bankers – Economist
- Fall of the Vice-Pope - New York Review of Books

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: cardinal
- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Tarcisio Bertone
- **honorific-suffix**: Salesians of Don Bosco, SDB
- **title**: Cardinal Secretary of State, Cardinal Secretary of State emeritus
- **image**: Kardinalom Tarcisiem Bertonejem 2013 (cropped).jpg
- **appointed**: 15 September 2006
- **term end**: 15 October 2013
- **predecessor**: Angelo Sodano
- **successor**: Pietro Parolin
- **other post**: Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Frascati, Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati (2008–present)
Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church (2007–2014)
- **ordination**: 1 July 1960
- **ordained by**: Albino Mensa
- **consecration**: 1 August 1991
- **consecrated by**: Albino Mensa
- **cardinal**: 21 October 2003
- **created cardinal by**: Pope John Paul II, John Paul II
- **rank**: Cardinal-Bishop
- **birth name**: Tarcisio Pietro Evasio Bertone
- **birth place**: Romano Canavese, Kingdom of Italy
- **nationality**: Italians, Italian
- **motto**: _Fidem custodire, concordiam servare_ (Protect faith, preserve unity)
- **signature**: Tarcisio Bertone Signature 2.svg
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Tarcisio Bertone.svg
Shivakumara Swami

**Sri Sri Sri Shivakumara Swamigalu** (1 April 1907 – 21 January 2019) better known as **Shivakumara Swami**,  was a Hindu religious figure and humanitarian. He was the head of Sree Siddaganga Matha who provided education to many people. in Tumkur District, Karnataka, South India and founder of the Sri Siddaganga Education Society.

Shivakumara Swami dedicated his life to serving humanity through the twin pillars of education and food security. Under his leadership, the Matha established numerous educational institutions ranging from primary schools to engineering colleges, providing free education food, and shelter to thousands of underprivileged children, regardless of caste, religion, or background. He was affectionately referred to as the "Walking God" and was widely respected for his discipline, simplicity and lifelong service to society.

In 2015 the Government of India awarded him the Padma Bhushan. He became a supercentenarian on 1 April 2017.

Shivakumara Swami believed that education and helping others were very important. He made sure that children from poor families could go to school for free and receive food and shelter. He taught people to live simply and respect everyone, no matter their background. Because of his kindness and service, many people loved and respected him.

Even after his death, the schools and charities he started continue to help thousands of people. His life is an example of how one person’s hard work and care can make a big difference in the world. Many people remember him as a great leader who always put others first.

Swami died on 21 January 2019 in Tumkur, Karnataka from a lung infection at the age of 111. His death was widely mourned across India and the Government of Karnataka declared a three-day state mourning and a public holiday on the day of his funeral.

## Other websites

- A true Karma Yogi
- Spiritual Holy Place - Sree Siddaganga Mutt

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Shivakumara Swamigalu
- **image**: Shivakumara Swami.png
- **caption**: Shivakumara Swamiji, Siddaganga Matha, Tumkuru, Karnataka.
- **birth place**: Veerapura near Magadi Taluk, Ramanagara District, British India
- **death place**: Tumkur, Karnataka, India
- **occupation**: Indian humanitarian
Guru Somasundaram

**Guru Somasundaram** is an Indian actor who has appeared in Tamil language films. He made his debut (started his career in cinema) in Thiagarajan Kumararaja's _Aaranya Kaandam_ (2011). This film won him much appreciation. Suseenthiran's action film _Pandiya Naadu_ (2013), Karthik Subbaraj's gangster (criminal gangs) film _Jigarthanda_ (2014) and Raju Murugan's political satire (mockery or joke) film _Joker_ (2016) made him popular for his acting. The film Joker got a National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil. He is called Kollywood Heath Ledger. He lives in Tiruvannamalai.

## Films acted

|Year|Film|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2011|_Aaranya Kaandam_|Kaalaiyan||
|2013|_Kadal_|Kovil Kutty||
|2013|_5 Sundarikal_|Photographer|Malayalam film|
|2013|_Pandiya Naadu_|Nagaraj||
|2014|_Jigarthanda_|Muthu||
|2015|_49-O_|Aarumugam||
|2015|_Bench Talkies - The First Bench_|David|In the short film "The Lost Paradise"|
|2015|_Thoongaa Vanam_|Duraipandiyan||
|2015|_Kohinoor_|Naayakkar|Malayalam film|
|2016|_Joker_|Mannar Mannan||
|2016|_Kuttrame Thandanai_|Balan||
|2017|_Yaakkai_|Sriram||
|2017|_Paambhu Sattai_|||
|2015|_Irudhi Aram_|Stranger|short film - Directed by Kamal raj|
|2018|Vanjagar Ulagam|Sampath||
|2018|Odu Raja Odu|Sampath||
|2019|Petta|District Collector||
|2020|Maamanithan||Filming|
|2020|Idhu Vedhalam sollum kathai|Vedhalam|Filming|
|2020|Manja Satta Pacha Satta||Filming|
|2020|Kaadhalikka Yaarumillai||Filming|
|2020|Parama Guru||Filming|
|2020|Minnal Murali|Shibu|Filming (Malayalam)|
|2021|Indian - 2||Filming|

## Web Series

|Year|Web Series Title|Role|Language|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2020|Topless|Kalki (Politician)|Tamil|

## Awards

- Behindwoods Gold Medal for Best Actor for 2016.
Perseids

The **Perseids** are prolific meteor showers associated with the comet Swift–Tuttle. The point they appear to come from (called the radiant) is in the constellation Perseus.

They come into the sky regularly mid-July to late August. Date of peak shower is August 24th.
Leonids

The **Leonids** are a prolific meteor shower associated with the comet Tempel–Tuttle.

The Leonids get their name from the direction their shower seems to come from. This direction is called the radiant. The meteors appear to come from the constellation Leo.

The Leonids peak in the month of November.
Dwayne Bravo

**Dwayne John Bravo** (born 7 October 1983) is a Trinidadian cricketer. He was the former captain of the West Indies national cricket team in all types of cricket matches. He is an all-rounder. He is a right handed batsman. He bowls right arm medium fast pace. He is particularly known for his aggressive (extraordinary in hitting boundaries like six and four) batting in the middle order. He is also known for his bowling in death overs. He plays for Chennai Super Kings in the Indian Premier League.  In the Pakistani Super League he plays for Lahore Qalanders. He also had played for the Melbourne Renegades in the Big Bash League, the Chittagong Kings in the Bangladesh Premier League, and Kent and Essex in English county cricket.On 31 January 2015, Bravo announced his retirement from Test cricket. He continues to play ODIs and T20Is.
Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry

The **Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry** is well known for having the densest concentration of Jurassic dinosaur fossils ever found. It is a paleontological site near Cleveland, Utah. The quarry is in a part of the geological layers known as the Morrison Formation.

Well over 15,000 bones have been excavated from this Jurassic excavation site. There are many thousands more awaiting excavation and study.  It was designated a National Natural Landmark in October 1965.

All of these bones, belonging to different species, are found disarticulated and mixed together. Perhaps this strong concentration of mixed fossilised bones is due to a "predator trap". No scientific consensus has been reached yet and debates continue to the present day.

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry
- **photo**: Cleveland Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry entrance.jpg
- **photo caption**: Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry Visitor Center
- **map**: USA Utah
- **map caption**: Map of Utah
- **location**: Emery County, Utah, Emery County, Utah
- **nearest city**: Cleveland, Utah, Cleveland
- **governing body**: Bureau of Land Management
- **url**: https://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/res/Education_in_BLM/Learning_Landscapes/For_Travelers/go/geology/cleveland-lloyd.html
Anglo-Zanzibar War

The **Anglo-Zanzibar War** was fought between the Sultanate of Zanzibar, a state in and capital of the country of Zanzibar, and the United Kingdom on 27 August 1896. Lasting between 38 and 45 minutes, it is the shortest recorded war in history.

## Background

The old Sultan (the person who rules the Sultanate of Zanzibar), Sultan Hamad bin Thwaini, who was pro-British, died in 1896. While he was alive, because the English Council approved, he and the Sultanate of Zanzibar were on good terms with England, but when he died, a new Sultan was needed.

Sultan Khalid bin Barghash, his 29-year-old nephew eventually became his successor, but Khalid was no-longer approved by the United Kingdom, making him and his state enemies of the British Army. They told him to come out of hiding, but the new Sultan's response was to barricade himself in his palace even more. As expected, the Sultanate of Zanzibar was absolutely destroyed by the British, which led to what we know today as the Anglo-Zanzibar war, the shortest recorded war in history. It lasted between 38 and 45 minutes.

## Casualties and losses

There were varying casualties on both sides. For England, only a single sailor was wounded, but for the Sultanate of Zanzibar five hundred were killed or injured (including civilians), 4 artillery pieces were destroyed, a shore battery was destroyed, two other boats were sunk, and the HHS Glasgow (the Sultan's personal royal ship) was sunk. The Sultan's palace was also burned down to the ground.

## Aftermath

Khalid was captured by English forces in 1916, and a new Sultan, Sultan Hamoud, became his successor. This new leader was extraordinarily loyal to England and their council, which definitely helped Zanzibar recover from this attack, as England decided not to impose new harsh rules on their relationship with the sultanate.
Guhyasamāja Tantra

**Guhyasamāja Tantra** (Sanskrit: Guhyasamājatantra; Tibetan: Gsang ’dus rtsa rgyud; English: _Tantra of the Secret Community_) is a tantra method of Tibetan Buddhism. The central figure is called "Vajra‐pāni" which means a vajra-carrier or a vajra-master.

The Guhyasamāja Tantra was the secret gathering based on thought that having sexual relations with many women would contribute to Buddhism awakening. The legitimate wives of the vajra‐sattvaḥa, called "dakinis", were limited only to virgins. Although the number of dakinis is variously drafted according to the literature, it probably amounts to a number of geometrical progressionwise.

Also statues and pictures were made to beautify the method. However, because those acts had no integrity to fundamental buddhist precepts, it is no longer done in Tibetan Buddhism. On the contrary, warning symbols and festivals, such as Citipati, are widely spread.

## Related pages

- Vajrayana
- Aum Shinrikyo
Music sequencer

A **music sequencer** (or simply **sequencer**) is a device or application software that can record, edit, or play back music, by handling note and performance information in several forms, typically CV/Gate, MIDI, or Open Sound Control (OSC), and possibly audio and automation data for DAWs and plug-ins.
Shearography

**Shearography** is a method used to test if something is broken on the inside, where people cannot see. Things that can be tested with shearography are airplane wings, wind turbine generator blades, boats, and other structures. A special camera is used to take a picture of something that might be broken inside. After this picture is taken, the structure is pushed a little bit so that it bends slightly. While it is bent, another photo is taken with the special camera in the same location. The special camera uses computer software to compare the two pictures. If the software sees any damage, it will display the damage on a computer monitor so people can see it.
Edith Wilmans

**Edith Wilmans** ( December 21, 1882 - March 21, 1966) was a politician. She helped lead in the Democratic party, fighting for women’s rights. Wilmans was born in Louisiana as Edith Eunice Therrel. She was married in 1900 to Hall Wilmans, and later they had three daughters. Wilmans first started fighting for women’s rights when she undertook organizing a Dallas organization for women’s rights. In 1918 Wilmans decided she wanted to become a lawyer to help women’s voting rights.  She then got a job for the Texas legislature in 1923, three years after the 19th amendment was passed. During her time on the job, she was part of the office that passed laws to give more money to schools in Dallas. In 1925 she was asked by Pat M. Neff to be part of state Supreme Court. She then later left because she didn't have the training to be on the court.
Urvashi Vaid

**Urvashi Vaid** (8 October 1958 – 14 May 2022) was an Indian-American LGBT activist. She moved to the United States when she was eight. She ended high school after three years. She then went to New York’s Vassar College. After, she went to law school at Northeastern University in Boston. She is lesbian.

## Achievements

Vaid supports gay and lesbian rights. She lived in Boston and started the Lesbian Gay Political Alliance. This organization supports the gay people in Boston. After college, she helped prisoners who had HIV. In 1985, she started working at the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. This group teaches people about the lives of gay and lesbian people. She also started the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force’s Creating Change Conference. In 1995, she wrote a book called _Virtual Equality: The Mainstreaming of Gay and Lesbian Liberation_.

## Death

Vaid died on 14 May 2022 in New York City, aged 63. She had breast and thyroid cancer at the time of her death.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Urvashi Vaid The Laura Flanders Show 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Vaid in a 2014 interview
- **birth place**: New Delhi, India
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **citizenship**: American
- **known for**: Civil rights and anti-war activism
- **alma mater**: Vassar College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)

Northeastern University (Juris Doctor, JD)
- **partner**: Kate Clinton
- **notable works**: _Virtual Equality_ (1996)
Coherence (physics)

**Coherence** in advanced physics is a phenomenon of electromagnetic waves.

In physics, two wave sources are perfectly coherent if they have a constant phase difference and the same frequency, and the same waveform. In such a case the waves plot as identical: their peaks and troughs occur at the same time, and they have the same amplitude.

Coherence is an ideal property of waves. It produces stationary (i.e. temporally and spatially constant) interference.

The idea has several distinct concepts. These are limiting cases which never quite occur in reality.  However, they allow an understanding of the physics of waves, and have become an important concept in quantum physics.

More generally, coherence describes all properties of the correlation between physical quantities of a single wave, or between several waves or wave packets.
Rosie Hackett

**Rosanna “Rosie” Hackett** (1893–1976) was a worker rights activist and trade union leader. She lived in Dublin, Ireland.

## Early life

Hackett was born on 25 July 1893, in Dublin, Ireland. Her family was hardworking, but they did not have very much money. They lived in a small, broken, dirty building with many people. Her father died when she was young. A few years later, she worked at a paper store in her hometown to get money.

## Achievements

Hackett had a lot of important events in her life. She was a part of many strikes and helped to start the group, IWWU (Irish Women Worker Union). Also, after her death, she had a bridge in Dublin  named after her in 2013. (The Rosie Hackett Bridge)

## Death and Legacy

Hackett died on 4 July 1976. She was 84 years old and her body was placed in Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland. She was respected for her acts in strikes and helped the Irish economy.
Božidar Smiljanić

**Božidar Smiljanić** (20 September 1936 – 7 April 2018) was a Croatian actor. He appeared in more than 70 movies from his career's beginning in 1953 until his retirement in 2016. He was born in Zagreb, Croatia.

Smiljanić was known for his movies _Journalist_ (1979), _Transylvania 6-5000_ (1985), _Armour of God_ (1986), _Project A Part II_ (1987), _Armour of God II: Operation Condor_ (1991), _First Class Thieves_ (2005), _Ultimate Force_ (2005) and _The Constitution_ (2016).

Smiljanić died on 7 April 2018 in Zagreb at the age of 81.
Jerrold Meinwald

**Jerrold Meinwald** (January 16, 1927 – April 23, 2018) was an American chemist. He was known for his work on chemical ecology. He worked with Thomas Eisner. He was a Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at Cornell University. He was author or co-author of well over 400 scientific articles.

## Other websites

- Faculty page at Cornell University

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Jerrold Meinwald
- **image**: Jerrold Meinwald 2.jpg
- **caption**: Meinwald in 2010
- **birth place**: New York City
- **nationality**: American people, American
- **citizenship**: American people, American
- **field**: Chemistry
- **work institution**: Cornell University
- **alma mater**: Harvard University
University of Chicago
Lloyd John Ogilvie

**Lloyd John Ogilvie** (September 2, 1930 – June 5, 2019) was an American Presbyterian minister. He was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin. He was Chaplain of the United States Senate from 104th through 107th Congresses from 1995 to 2003.

Ogilvie died on June 5, 2019 at the age of 88.
Daniel Coughlin

**Fr. Daniel P. Coughlin,** STL, (born November 8, 1934) served as the 59th Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives from March 23, 2000, to April 14, 2011. He was the first Roman Catholic priest to serve in that position.

## Other websites

- Official website of the Chaplain of the U.S. House of Representatives
- House resolution honoring Coughlin's tenth year of service as House Chaplain.
- Remarks of Nancy Pelosi in recognition of Coughlin's first ten years as chaplain.
- Coughlin's prayer at Congressional service commemorating 2011 shootings in Tucson, Arizona.
- Coughlin's invocation at funeral of former President Gerald Ford.
- C-span video: Fr Coughlin's final prayer as House Chaplain, followed by tributes by Speaker Boehner and Minority Leader Pelosi.
- CRS Report: House and Senate Chaplains

## Infobox (us cabinet official)

- **honorific-prefix**: Rev.
- **name**: Daniel P. Coughlin
- **image**: Daniel P. Coughlin.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **order1**: 59th
- **title1**: Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives
- **term start1**: March 23, 2000
- **term end1**: April 14, 2011
- **predecessor1**: James D. Ford
- **successor1**: Patrick J. Conroy
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **alma mater**: St. Mary of the Lake Seminary
Loyola University, Chicago
Shelburne, Vermont

**Shelburne** is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. It is located along the shores of Lake Champlain. Shelburne is a suburb of Burlington. Shelburne's town center is about  south of Burlington's city's center. The population of Shelburne was 7,717 at the 2020 census.
Cheltenham

**Cheltenham** , also known as **Cheltenham Spa**, is the second largest town in Gloucestershire with a population of about 117,500 in mid 2016.

It is famous for having a large amount of millionaires with a rate of 43 multimillionaires per 100,000 people, the third largest in the United Kingdom.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Cheltenham
- **settlement type**: List of towns in the United Kingdom, Town, Non-metropolitan district and Borough status in the United Kingdom, borough
- **total type**: Borough
- **motto**: Salubritas et Eruditio ("Health and Education")
- **image skyline**: Cheltenham.from.leckhampton.arp.jpg
- **imagesize**: 260px
- **image caption**: Cheltenham from Leckhampton Hill
- **shield size**: 200px
- **image map**: Cheltenham UK locator map.svg
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Cheltenham within Gloucestershire
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United Kingdom
- **subdivision type1**: Countries of the United Kingdom, Constituent country
- **subdivision name1**: England
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of England, Region
- **subdivision name2**: South West England
- **subdivision type3**: Ceremonial County
- **subdivision name3**: Gloucestershire
- **subdivision type4**: Borough
- **subdivision name4**: Cheltenham
- **leader title**: Governing Body
- **leader name**: Cheltenham Borough Council
- **leader title1**: Local government in England#Councillors and mayors, Leadership
- **leader name1**: Leader & Cabinet
- **leader title2**: Executive
- **leader title3**: MPs elected in the UK general election, 2005, MPs
- **leader name3**: Alex Chalk
- **area rank**: List of English districts by area, Ranked
- **area total km2**: 46.61
- **population rank**: List of English districts by population, Ranked
- **postal code type**: Postcode
- **postal code**: GL postcode area, GL50, GL51, GL52, GL53, GL54
- **area code**: 01242
- **blank2 name**: British national grid reference system, OS grid reference