juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mike Nichols

**Mike Nichols** (born **Mikhail Igor Peschkowsky**; November 6, 1931 – November 19, 2014) was an American television, stage and movie director, writer, producer and comedian. He was half of the comedy duo Nichols and May, along with Elaine May. In 1968 he won the Academy Award for Best Director for the movie _The Graduate_. His other movies include _Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?_, _Catch-22_, _Carnal Knowledge_, _Silkwood_, _Working Girl_, _Wolf_, _The Birdcage_, _Closer_, _Charlie Wilson's War_ (his final movie), and the TV mini-series _Angels in America_. He also staged the original theatrical productions of _Barefoot in the Park_, _Luv_, _The Odd Couple_ and _Spamalot_.

Nichols won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award. His other honors included the Lincoln Center Gala Tribute in 1999, the National Medal of Arts in 2001, the Kennedy Center Honors in 2003 and the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2010.

Nichols died suddenly from a heart attack on November 19, 2014, at his home in Manhattan.

## Infobox (comedian awards)

- **academyawards**: **Academy Award for Best Director, Best Director**
 1968 _The Graduate_
- **emmyawards**: **Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special, Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special**
 2001 _Wit (movie), Wit_
 2004 _Angels in America (TV miniseries), Angels in America_
 **Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries, Outstanding Miniseries**
 2004 _Angels in America (TV miniseries), Angels in America_
 **Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Made for Television Movie, Outstanding Made for Television Movie**
 2001 _Wit (movie), Wit_
- **goldenglobeawards**: **Golden Globe Award for Best Director, Best Director**
 1968 _The Graduate_
- **grammyawards**: **Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album, Best Comedy Album**
 1961 _An Evening with Mike Nichols and Elaine May_
- **afiawards**: **AFI Life Achievement Award**
 2010
- **tonyawards**: **Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play, Best Direction of a Play**
 1964 _Barefoot in the Park_
 1965 _The Odd Couple_
 1968 _Plaza Suite_
 1972 _The Prisoner of Second Avenue_
 1984 _The Real Thing (play), The Real Thing_
 2012 _Death of a Salesman_
 **Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical, Best Direction of a Musical**
 2005 _Spamalot_
 **Tony Award for Best Musical, Best Musical**
 1977 _Annie (musical), Annie_
 **Tony Award for Best Play, Best Play**
 1984 _The Real Thing (play), The Real Thing_
- **kennedycenterhonors**: 2003 Honoree


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mike Nichols
- **image**: Mike Nichols Funny Face.jpg
- **caption**: Nichols in 2010
- **birth name**: Mikhail Igor Peschkowsky
- **birth place**: Berlin, Weimar Republic, Weimar Germany
- **death place**: New York City, U.S.
- **years active**: 1955–2014
- **spouse**: Patricia Scott
(m. 1957–1960, divorced)
Margo Callas
(m. 1963–1974, divorced; 1 child)
Annabel Davis-Goff
(1975–1986, divorced; 2 children)
Diane Sawyer
(m. 1988–2014; his death)
Alberto Moreno

**Alberto Moreno Pérez** (born 5 July 1992) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Liverpool and Spain national team as a defender in the left back position.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2011/12||rowspan="3"|Sevilla||rowspan="3"|La Liga||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2012/13||15||0||2||0||0||0||0||0||17||0
|-
|2013/14||29||3||0||0||14||0||0||0||43||3

|-
|2014/15||rowspan="1"|Liverpool||rowspan="1"|Premier League||9||1||0||0||3||0||0||0||12||1
45||3||2||0||14||0||0||0||61||3
9||1||0||0||3||0||0||0||12||1
54||4||2||0||17||0||0||0||73||4
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|2013||2||0
|-
|2014||1||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}
Club Ninja

***Club Ninja*** is the tenth studio album by American heavy metal band Blue Oyster Cult. The album was released on December 10, 1985. It was the group's tenth studio album with record label Columbia Records. It was their first studio album with new material in 2 years. It was their only album without keyboardist Allen Lanier.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Club Ninja
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Blue Öyster Cult
- **studio**: Bearsville Studios, Bearsville, New York
Boogie Hotel Studios, Port Jefferson, New York
Tallysin Studios, Syosset, New York
Warehouse Studios, New York City
- **length**: 44:26
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **producer**: Sandy Pearlman
Trophy Wife

***Trophy Wife*** is an American television sitcom. It aired during the 2013–14 television season on ABC. The series was co-created and executive produced by Emily Halpern and Sarah Haskins for ABC Studios. The series was green-lit by ABC for a series order pick up on May 10, 2013. _Trophy Wife_ premiered on September 24, 2013.

On May 8, 2014, ABC canceled _Trophy Wife_ after one season. The final episode aired the following week.

The series starred Malin Åkerman, Bradley Whitford and Marcia Gay Harden.
Volker Schlöndorff

**Volker Schlöndorff** (born 31 March 1939) is a German movie director, screenwriter, and movie producer. He is a very important director of the New German Cinema of the late 1960s and early 1970s.

He won an Oscar as well as the Palme d'or at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival for _The Tin Drum_ (1979), the movie version of the novel by Nobel Prize-winning author Günter Grass.

## Other websites

- Volker Schlöndorff  Faculty Website @ European Graduate School. Biography and bibliography.
- Volker Schlöndorff's Cinématon - A 4 minutes online portrait by Gérard Courant
- Volker Schlöndorff Collection  at Deutsches Filminstitut, Frankfurt (German)

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Volker Schloendorff Lodz Poland November29 2009 Fot Mariusz Kubik 05.jpg
- **name**: **Volker Schlöndorff**
- **birth place**: Wiesbaden, Nazi Germany, Germany
- **years active**: 1960–present
- **occupation**: Film director, screenwriter, producer
- **spouse**: Margarethe von Trotta (1971-1991; divorced)
Angelika Schlöndorff
Rainer Werner Fassbinder

**Rainer Werner Fassbinder** (; 31 May 1945 – 10 June 1982) was a German stage and movie director, movie producer, screenwriter, and stage and movie actor. He is one of the most important figures in the New German Cinema. He was born in Bad Wörishofen, Bavaria, Germany.

Fassbinder was bisexual. He died at the age of 37 from a heart attack caused by a lethal cocktail of cocaine and barbiturates in Munich, Germany.

## Other websites

- Fassbinder Foundation
Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba

**María del Rosario Fitz-James Stuart y de Silva, (18th) Duchess of Alba de Tormes, Grandee of Spain** (28 March 1926 – 20 November 2014) was a Spanish aristocrat. She was the head of the House of Alba. Stuart was the third woman to carry the title in her own right. She was born in Liria Palace, Madrid, Spain.

Stuart died in Palace of the Dukes of Alba, Seville, Spain, aged 88.

## Styles

- **28 March 1926 - 11 January 1935**: _The Most Excellent_ Doña Mª del Rosario Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart y Silva
- **11 January 1935 - 28 January 1947**: _The Most Excellent_ The Duchess of Aliaga
- **28 January 1947 - 18 February 1955**: _The Most Excellent_ The Duchess of Montoro
- **18 February 1955 -20 November 2014**: _The Most Excellent_ The Duchess of Alba de Tormes

## Other websites

- House of Híjar
- Euskomedia

## Infobox (nobility)

- **name**: Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart
- **image**: Monumento a la Duquesa de Alba, Sevilla 2.jpg
- **title**: 18th Duchess of Alba
- **caption**: A statue of Cayetana in Seville
- **succession**: Duke of Alba, Duchess of Alba
- **reign**: 18 February 1955 – 20 November 2014
- **reign-type**: Tenure
- **networth**: us$ $5.7 billion (2013)
- **predecessor**: Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba
- **successor**: Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba
- **spouse**: Luis Martínez de Irujo y Artázcoz (m1947-1972)
Jesús Aguirre y Ortiz de Zárate (m1978-2001)
Alfonso Díez Carabantes
(m2011-2014)
- **issue**: Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba
Alfonso Martínez de Irujo, 15th Duke of Aliaga
Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 23rd Count of Siruela
Fernando Martínez de Irujo, 11th Marquis of San Vicente del Barco
Cayetano Martínez de Irujo, 13th Count of Salvatierra
Eugenia Martínez de Irujo, 12th Duchess of Montoro
- **full name**: María del Rosario Cayetana Paloma Alfonsa Victoria Eugenia Fernanda Teresa Francisca de Paula Lourdes Antonia Josefa Fausta Rita Castor Dorotea Santa Esperanza Fitz-James Stuart, Silva, Falcó y Gurtubay
- **noble family**: House of Alba
 First House of FitzJames
- **house-type**: Noble Family
- **father**: Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba
- **mother**: María del Rosario de Silva, 9th Marchioness of San Vicente del Barco
- **birth place**: Liria Palace, Madrid, Spain
- **death place**: Palace of the Dukes of Alba, Seville, Spain
- **christening date**: 18 April  1926
- **christening place**: Royal Chapel, Royal Palace of Madrid, Royal Palace, Madrid
- **signature**: Signature of The Most Excellent Duchess of Alba (Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba).jpg
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism
Ken Takakura

, born  was a Japanese actor. He was best known for his roles in _Black Rain_ and in _The Yakuza_. He won the Japan Academy Prize four times, more than any other actor. He was born in Nakama, Fukuoka, Japan.

Takakura died in Tokyo, Japan from lymphoma, aged 83.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ken Takakura
- **image**: File:Ken Takakura.jpg
- **native name**: 高倉 健
- **native name lang**: ja
- **birth name**: Goichi Oda
- **birth place**: Nakama, Fukuoka, Japan
- **death place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **alma mater**: Meiji University
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1956–2014
Paul Nitze

**Paul Henry Nitze** (January 16, 1907 – October 19, 2004) was an American politician. He helped shape Cold War defense policy over the course of many presidential administrations. He helped Ronald Reagan negotiate the INF Treaty.

## Other websites

- Annotated bibliography for Paul Nitze from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
- Interview about the SALT I negotiations  for the WGBH series War and Peace in the Nuclear Age

## Infobox (us cabinet official)

- **name**: Paul Nitze
- **image**: Nitze, Paul.jpg
- **caption**: Paul Nitze as Secretary of the Navy
- **office**: United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
- **term start**: July 1, 1967
- **term end**: January 20, 1969
- **president**: Lyndon B. Johnson
- **predecessor**: Cyrus Vance
- **successor**: David Packard
- **office1**: United States Secretary of the Navy
- **term start1**: November 29, 1963
- **term end1**: June 30, 1967
- **president1**: Lyndon B. Johnson
- **predecessor1**: Paul B. Fay (acting)
- **successor1**: Charles F. Baird (acting)
- **birth place**: Amherst, Massachusetts
- **death place**: Washington, D.C.
- **alma mater**: Harvard University
- **spouse**: Phyllis Pratt (1923–1987, <small>her death</small>)

Elisabeth Scott Porter (1993–2004, <small>his death</small>)
- **occupation**: government official, investment banker
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

The **Immigration Reform and Control Act** (**IRCA**), also known as the **Simpson-Mazzoli Act**, was signed into law by Ronald Reagan on November 6, 1986, is an Act of Congress which reformed United States immigration law.

## What it did

- required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status;
- made it illegal to hire or recruit illegal immigrants knowingly;
- legalized certain seasonal agricultural illegal immigrants, and;
- legalized illegal immigrants who entered the United States before January 1, 1982 and had resided there continuously with the penalty of a fine, back taxes due, and admission of guilt; candidates were required to prove that they were not guilty of crimes, that they were in the country before January 1, 1982, and that they possessed minimal knowledge about U.S. history, government, and the English language.

## Immigration at that time

At the time, the Immigration and Naturalization Service estimated that about four million illegal immigrants would apply for legal status through the act and that roughly half of them would be eligible.

## Other websites

- Summary of the Bill from "Thomas" for the Library of Congress
- Detailed legislative history of Simpson-Mazzoli from introduction to Presidential signature, also from "Thomas" for the Library of Congress
- Statement on Signing the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
- September 2006 article by Mazzoli and Simpson revisiting the legislation in the current political climate
- "Independent Task Force on Immigration and America’s Future"
- "Full text of Pub. L 99-603"
King Ralph

***King Ralph*** is a 1991 American comedy movie, directed by David S. Ward. It stars John Goodman, Peter O'Toole, Richard Griffiths, Leslie Phillips, John Hurt, Julian Glover, and Judy Parfitt. It was released to negative reviews on February 15, 1991. The film was fairly successful at the box office, making $52 million compared to its $23 million overall budget.

## Plot

The movie is about an American singer from Las Vegas, who becomes the only living heir and unlikely King of the United Kingdom, after the entire British Royal Family is electrocuted and killed in an accident outside Buckingham Palace, while having their royal photography taken.
Museum of Palaeontology and Archaeology of Estanzuela

The **Museum of Palaeontology and Archaeology of Estanzuela** is a museum in Estanzuela, Zacapa, Guatemala. The museum is the largest and only one of its kind in Guatemala. It displays mammoths and many other prehistoric animals found in Guatemala.
Audra McDonald

**Audra McDonald** (born July 3, 1970) is an American actress and singer.

She played Professor Carla Bonatelle in the television series _The Bedford Diaries_, Dr. Naomi Bennett in _Private Practice_, and Jackie Brock in _Mister Sterling_. She was nominated for Emmy Awards for playing Susie Monahan in the TV movie _Wit_ and Ruth Younger in the TV movie _A Raisin in the Sun._ She won an Emmy in 2015 for her part as Lucy in _Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street_, a musical that was filmed for _Live From Lincoln Center_. She was also in the _Live From Lincoln Center_ filmed musical _Passion_ as Clara and played Grace Farrell in the TV movie _Annie_ and Mother Abbess in _The Sound of Music Live!_. Her show _Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill_.

On Broadway she played Ayah in _The Secret Garden_, Carrie Pipperidge in _Carousel_, Sharon Graham in _Master Class_, Sarah in _Ragtime_, Marie Christine L'Adrese in _Marie Christine_, Lady Percy in _Henry IV_, Ruth Younger in _A Raisin in the Sun_, Lizzie Curry in _110 in the Shade_, Olivia in _Twelfth Night_, Bess in _Porgy and Bess_, Billie Holiday in _Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill_, and Lottie Gee in _Shuffle Along: Or the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed_. She won Tony Awards for _Carousel_, _Master Class_, _Ragtime_, _A Raisin in the Sun_, _Porgy and Bess_, and _Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill_, and was nominated for _Marie Christine_ and _110 in the Shade_. She was also nominated for a Grammy Award for _Porgy and Bess_.

She also performed in the Broadway concert _Something Wonderful_ and played Deena Jones in the Actor's Fund concert of _Dreamgirls_. She played Jenny in _Rise and Fall of the City of Mahoganny_ at the Los Angeles Opera, and won two Grammy Awards for the cast album.

McDonald has also been in movies. She played Maureen in _Ricki and the Flash_, Sally in _Hello Again_, and Garderobe in _Beauty and the Beast_.

She has her own concert DVD, _Audra McDonald- Live at the Donmar London_, and has done lots of shows at Carnegie Hall. She tours frequently. She also has five CDs- _Way Back to Paradise_, _How Glory Goes_, _Happy Songs_, _Build a Bridge_, and _Go Back Home_.

McDonald was born in Berlin, Germany to American parents. She was raised in Fresno, California.
Into the Woods (movie)

***Into the Woods*** is an American 2014 musical fantasy movie. The movie takes characters from different fairy tales, mixing stories. Meryl Streep plays The Witch. Anna Kendrick plays Cinderella. Johnny Depp plays The Wolf. Christine Baranski plays The Stepmother of Cinderella.

The movie was released on December 25, 2014.
Frémontiers

**Frémontiers** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 150 people lived there.
Gamaches

**Gamaches** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 2,730 people lived there.
Gapennes

**Gapennes** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 253 people lived there.
Gentelles

**Gentelles** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 562 people lived there.
Ginchy

**Ginchy** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Ginchy
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Ginchy (2).JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Ginchy
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Ginchy (Somme).svg
- **arrondissement**: Péronne
- **canton**: Péronne
- **insee**: 80378
- **postal code**: 80360
- **mayor**: Jean-Marc Delmotte
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de communes de la Haute Somme, Haute Somme
- **elevation m**: 154
- **elevation min m**: 85
- **elevation max m**: 157
- **area km2**: 5.92
Gratibus

**Gratibus** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Grivillers

**Grivillers** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Gruny

**Gruny** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Grivesnes

**Grivesnes** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Guerbigny

**Guerbigny** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Grattepanche

**Grattepanche** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Grécourt

**Grécourt** is a former commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Hombleux.
Gueschart

**Gueschart** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Gueudecourt

**Gueudecourt** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Guignemicourt

**Guignemicourt** is a commune. It is in Picardie in the Somme department in north France. It is  southwest of Amiens.
Guillaucourt

**Guillaucourt** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Guillemont

**Guillemont** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.

It was an heavy area of combat during World War I.
Guizancourt

**Guizancourt** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Guizancourt
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Guizancourt (Somme) France (3).JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Guizancourt 80.svg
- **arrondissement**: Amiens
- **canton**: Poix-de-Picardie
- **insee**: 80402
- **postal code**: 80290
- **mayor**: Dany Vasseur
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Somme Sud-Ouest
- **elevation m**: 85
- **elevation min m**: 90
- **elevation max m**: 184
- **area km2**: 5.94
Frettecuisse

**Frettecuisse** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Friaucourt

**Friaucourt** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Fréchencourt

**Fréchencourt** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Incineration

**Incineration** is a form of waste disposal in which waste is burnt. Incineration converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. The heat can be used to generate electricity with a steam turbine.

## History

The first incinerators for waste disposal were built in Nottingham by Manlove, Alliott & Co. Ltd. in 1874. They were originally known as **destructors**. The first incinerator in the US was built in 1885 on Governors Island in New York, NY. Incinerators are controversial because they can pollute the air, but they also have environmental benefits such as reducing the need for landfills and generating electricity that might otherwise be generated by burning coal.
Frucourt

**Frucourt** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Fricourt

**Fricourt** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Froyelles

**Froyelles** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Frettemeule

**Frettemeule** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Fricamps

**Fricamps** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Hervilly

**Hervilly** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Bermesnil

**Bermesnil** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Léalvillers

**Léalvillers** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **arrondissement**: Péronne
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de communes du Pays du Coquelicot
- **insee**: 80470
- **area km2**: 2.23
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Léalvillers calvaire 1.jpg
Hull City Hall

**Hull City Hall** is a civic building in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The City Hall does not perform an administrative function for Hull's council. This is based in the Guildhall.

It is a Grade II* listed building, built in the Neo-Baroque style by Hull's City architect Joseph Hirst 1903–09. It was restored c.1950 following war damage. It was altered in 1986 and 1989.

It is located in Queen Victoria Square in the city centre. Hull City Hall is home to a grand central hall which plays host to a varied programme of concerts including pop, rock and classical music as well as civic functions such as graduation ceremonies for the University of Hull. The city's main tourist information office and shop is based on the building's ground floor.
Louvrechy

**Louvrechy** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 206 people lived there.
Badger

**Badgers** are short-legged mammals found across Europe, Africa, North America and Asia.

## Physical description

Badgers have wide bodies, with short legs for digging. They have long weasel-like heads with small ears. Their tails vary in length depending on species. They have black faces with white markings and grey bodies with a light-coloured stripe from head to tail. They have dark legs with light coloured underbellies. They grow to around  in length including the tail. The European badger is one of the largest badgers. The American badger, the hog badger and the honey badger are a little smaller and lighter. They weigh around 9.1–11 kg (20–24 lb) on average, with some badgers in Europe and Asia weighing about 18 kg (40 lb)

A male badger is called a boar. A female is called a sow. A young badger is called a cub.

## Distribution

Badgers are found in North America, Ireland, Britain and most of Europe. The Javan ferret-badger lives in Indonesia. The Bornean ferret-badger lives in Malaysia. The honey badger is found in sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Desert, southern Levant, Turkmenistan, and India.

## Behavior

Badgers all live underground. They live in burrows called setts, which may be very large. Some live on their own, moving from home to home. Others are known to form family groups called _cetes_. Between two and fifteen badgers can live in a cete at one time. Badgers can run or gallop at speeds of up to 25–30 km/h (16–19 mph) for short periods of time. Badgers are only active at night. They can dig a hole fast enough to escape most predators. They fill in the hole behind them as they dig.

## Food

The badger’s diet is mainly small mammals; mice, gophers and squirrels. They eat amphibians, reptiles and birds. Badgers also eat earthworms, insects, grubs, and bird eggs. They will sometimes eat roots and fruit. In Britain, they are the main predator of hedgehogs. Badgers have been known to become drunk from the alcohol found in rotting fruit.

## Classification

- **Family Mustelidae**
    - **Subfamily Melinae**

- **Genus _Arctonyx***
            - Hog badger, _Arctonyx collaris_
        - **Genus _Meles***
            - Japanese badger, _Meles anakuma_
            - Asian badger, _Meles leucurus_
            - European badger, _Meles meles_
        - **Genus _Melogale***
            - Burmese ferret-badger, _Melogale personata_
            - Javan ferret-badger, _Melogale orientalis_
            - Chinese ferret-badger, _Melogale moschata_
            - Bornean ferret-badger, _Melogale everetti_
            - Vietnam ferret-badger, _Melogale cucphuongensis_
    - **Subfamily Mellivorinae**
        - Honey badger or ratel, _Mellivora capensis_
    - **Subfamily Taxideinae**:
        - †_Chamitataxus avitus_
        - †_Pliotaxidea nevadensis_
        - †_Pliotaxidea garberi_
        - American badger, _Taxidea taxus_
    - **Subfamily Mustelinae**

- **Family Mephitidae**
    - **Genus _Mydaus***
        - Indonesian or Sunda stink badger (_teledu_), _Mydaus javanensis_
        - Palawan stink badger, _Mydaus marchei_
Lamaronde

**Lamaronde** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 64 people lived there.
Laucourt

**Laucourt** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 174 people lived there.
Lanchères

**Lanchères** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 1,002 people lived there.
Hérissart

**Hérissart** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 559 people lived there.
Hénencourt

**Hénencourt** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Le Translay

**Le Translay** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France.
Lihons

**Lihons** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Esperanto symbols

Esperanto, the most used constructed language, has got some **traditional symbols** during its history.

## Green star

The basic symbol of Esperanto is the green five-pointed star. Its five corners represents five continents (according to traditional meaning - Europe, America, Asia, Oceania, Africa), the green color is the symbol of hope. In cases when they use the star outside the flag, they add a letter "E" to it. In Esperanto they call it _verda stelo_ (green star).

## Esperanto flag

The esperanto flag has a green background with a white square in the upper lefthand corner, which in turn contains a green star. Esperantists use the flag for representing their language and culture. Swedish esperantist G. Jonson has iniciated use of the green color and the green star. C. Rjabinis and P. Deullin has created final suggestion of the flag in 1893. The green color represents hope and the white color represents peace. In Esperanto they call it _Esperanto-flago_ (Esperanto flag).

## Jubilee symbol

During the hundredth (100th) anniversary of Esperanto in 1987, World Esperanto Association has made this special logo. The two (2) inverse rounded letters "E" creates the form representating the Earth. In Esperanto they call it _Jubilea simbolo_ (Jubilee symbol).

## Anthem

Esperantists consider the poem _La Espero_ (the hope) by L. L. Zamenhof with music by Félicien Menu de Ménil to be an anthem of Esperanto.
Liomer

**Liomer** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Machiel

**Machiel** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 177 people lived there.
Lucheux

**Lucheux** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 577 people lived there.
Liéramont

**Liéramont** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Argoules

**Argoules** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France. Just over 300 people live in Argoules.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Argoules
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Abbaye de Valloires et jardins.JPG
- **caption**: Gardens and Abbey of Valloires
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Argoules.svg
- **arrondissement**: Abbeville
- **canton**: Rue
- **insee**: 80025
- **postal code**: 80120
- **mayor**: Claude Patte
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de communes Ponthieu-Marquenterre, CC Ponthieu-Marquenterre
- **elevation m**: 67
- **elevation min m**: 6
- **elevation max m**: 77
- **area km2**: 9.45
Aveluy

**Aveluy** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Authuille

**Authuille** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 169 people lived there.
Temperament

**Temperament** is a term from psychology to describe the way in which an individual behaves. Examples for temperament are introversion and extroversion. Many psychologists believe that the traits called temperament are innate, and that they are not learned. Temperament also seems to be independent of the mood of the person or animal.

Galen of Pergamon was among the first people to describe different temperaments, or humors, as they were called at the time. Galen identified four types:
- Phlegmatic
- Choleric
- Sanguinic
- Melancholic
These correspond to the four classical elements fire, water, earth and air.
Authieule

**Authieule** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 365 people lived there.
The Pillow Book

***The Pillow Book*** is a book written by Sei Shōnagon . Sei Shōnagon was a member of the Kiyohara family. She wrote the notes that made up her diary (or "pillow book") while she was a member of the court of Empress Sadako. The book is a classic of Japanese literature. It is one of two of the greatest examples of prose literature of this time period. It is a collection of pieces of writing that vary from one or two sentences to several pages. It is the author's observations of people, life at court, and nature.

## Other websites

- The Pillow Book
Maisnières

**Maisnières** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Loeuilly

**Loeuilly** is a former commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Ô-de-Selle.
Liercourt

**Liercourt** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Ligescourt

**Ligescourt** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 231 people lived there.
Licourt

**Licourt** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 391 people lived there.
Huppy

**Huppy** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2012, 818 people lived there.
Ignaucourt

**Ignaucourt** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France.
Cizancourt

**Cizancourt** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Chuignes

**Chuignes** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.

## History

On August 23, 1918 a German marine canon weighing 600 tonnes, measuring 21 m and with a range of about 40 km was captured by Australian major general John Monash's troops during World War I: the Chuignes Big Bertha.
Chirmont

**Chirmont** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Carrépuis

**Carrépuis** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
Brucamps

**Brucamps** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.

There are still many sculpted and decorated farmhouses from the 19th century, built of stone and brick (which are no longer in use today).

Several of these farms had arched gateways. That helped avoid damage from incoming carriages.
Hancourt

**Hancourt** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.
René

**René** is a given name. It is used for both males and females. It is common in French- and Spanish-speaking areas. The name comes from the Latin name _Renatus_. The name René was originally given only to males. In some countries that are not French-speaking, the name is also given to females (sometimes without the accent). This name was ranked #964 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People

- Rene Russo, American actress and model
- René Angélil, Canadian singer/manager
- René Descartes, French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist (1596-1650)
Sebastián Rulli

**Sebastián Rulli** (born July 6, 1975 in Buenos Aires, Argentina), is an Argentine actor and model.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1995|_Montaña rusa, otra vuelta_|Ignacio|Supporting role|
|1997|_Locas por ellos_|Jhonny|Supporting role|
|1997|_Naranja y media_|Sebastián|Supporting role|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sebastián Rulli
- **image**: SebastianRulli by @hduffbee.JPG
- **caption**: in  carnavalde Tuxtepec 2011
- **birth name**: Sebastián Óscar Rulli
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **years active**: 1995-present
- **occupation**: Actor
August Vandekerkhove

**August Vandekerkhove** (15 October 1838 Kanegem – 24 March 1923 Mâcon) was a Belgian writer, playwright, poet, painter and inventor. He wrote under the pseudonym S.U. Zanne. Vandekerkhove started a movement he called Cosmosofie (Cosmosophy). He said that Cosmosophy was the opposite of Theosophy. When he was young he wrote a novel and three plays. His literary work was inspired by ethics and psychology. Later he moved to Scotland, the USA and France.

In France he wrote works on kabala, esotericism and the occult. He was one of the first writers talking about subjects like feminism and the Age of Aquarius. Each year on Palm Sunday at 5 PM, at the cemetery of Flacé in Mâcon in France, people come together to remember him.

#### Novel

- Een zomerlief (A Summer Love), (1864)

#### Plays

- Een eerlijk man (A Honest Man), (1870) - Reprinted in Dutch in the USA
- De vrouwenhater (The woman's hater) (1865)
- Freule Laura's laatste liefde (Lady Laura's Last Love)

#### Private editions for his disciples at less than 30 copies

- Doctrine Secrète, principes et éléments d'astrologie, 554 pages, (1900)
- L'Asataruth du Pfar-Isis, (1900) - Reprinted in French in Italy (2004)
- Principes et éléments Cosmosophie, (1899-1906)

#### Public editions

- Vingt-quatre cours introductoires-préparatoires aux principes et éléments de Cosmosophie, (1909)
- Principes et éléments d'Education Cosmosophique, (1924)
- Occultisme occidental et ésotérisme oriental, (1927)
- Principes et éléments de la Langue Sacrée selon l'Astro-Kabbale d'Al Chami, (1929)
- L'Atlantide,(1931)
- Lettres des Pays de l'Au-Delà, (1933)
Willem Elsschot

**Willem Elsschot**  (7 May 1882 - 31 May 1960), was a Belgian writer and poet.
His real name was _Alphonsus Josephus de Ridder_.
He was born in Antwerp. His parents ran a bakery.
He studied at the Atheneum of Antwerp, were he was inspired for literature by his teacher Pol de Mont. Later he went to the business high school of Antwerp and ran an advertising agency.

## Bibliography (translated into English)

- Villa des Roses (1913; translated in 1992 by Paul Vincent [])
- Een ontgoocheling ("A Disappointment", 1921)
- De verlossing ("Deliverance", 1921)
- Lijmen (1924, translated as "Soft Soap" and collected in Three Novels, 1965)
- Kaas ("Cheese", 1933, translated in 2002 by Paul Vincent [] - Review)
- Tsjip (1934)
- Verzen van vroeger ("Poems from the Past", 1934)
- Pensioen ("Pension", 1937)
- Het been (1938, translated as "The Leg" and collected in Three Novels)
- De leeuwentemmer ("The Lion Tamer", 1940)
- Het tankschip ("The Mammoth Tanker", 1942)
- Het dwaallicht (1946, short story, translated as "Will o' the Wisp" and collected in Three Novels)
- Verzameld werk ("Collected works", 1957)

## Filmography

- Villa des Roses
- Lijmen/Het Been
- Kaas
Yusufkhel District

**Yusuf Khel** () is a district in Paktika Province, Afghanistan. It was established in 2004 after a subdivision of Zarghun Shar.
Vaughan

**Vaughan** ( ) is a city in York Region north of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996–2006, achieving a population growth rate of 80.2% according to Statistics Canada, having nearly doubled in population since 1991. It is the fifth-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area, and the 17th largest city in Canada.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Vaughan
- **official name**: City of Vaughan
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Ontario, City (List of municipalities in Ontario#Lower-tier municipalities, lower-tier)
- **image skyline**: View_from_the_top_of_Behemoth_(Canada's_Wonderland).jpg
- **image caption**: Vaughan as viewed from Canada's Wonderland
- **image flag**: Flag of City of Vaughan.svg
- **image map**: Vaughan within York Region.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Vaughan within York Region
- **pushpin map**: Canada Southern Ontario
- **pushpin mapsize**: 200
- **pushpin map caption**: Vaughan in relation to southern Ontario
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Ontario
- **subdivision type2**: Regional Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Regional Municipality of York, York
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Steven Del Duca
- **leader title1**: Deputy Mayor
- **leader name1**: Linda Jackson (politician), Linda D. Jackson
- **leader title3**: City Manager
- **leader name3**: Nick Spensieri
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1792
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established date1**:  
- **established title2**:  • Township
- **established date2**: 1850
- **established title3**:  • City
- **established date3**: 1991
- **area land km2**: 272.44
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 323103 (List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, 17th)
- **population density km2**: 1,185.9
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time (North America), EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **area code**: Area codes 905, 289, and 365, 905, 289, 365, and 742
Koenraad Elst

**Koenraad Elst** (born 7 August 1959) is a Belgian author, orientalist and Indologist. Elst is known for his writings in support for the Out of India theory. It's true that the Indo-European language family originated in India.

Elst was born in Leuven, Belgium on 7 August 1959. He studied Indology, Sinology and philosophy. His family was Flemish Catholic. He earned a Ph.D. from the Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium). Elst is known for his views on the Indo-European culture and languages.

## Works

- Ram Janmabhoomi vs. Babri Masjid. A Case Study in Hindu-Muslim Conflict. Voice of India, Delhi 1990. (A large part of this book is included in Vinay Chandra Mishra and Parmanand Singh, eds.: Ram Janmabhoomi Babri Masjid, Historical Documents, Legal Opinions & Judgments, Bar Council of India Trust, Delhi 1991.)
- Ayodhya and After: Issues Before Hindu Society, 1991.
- Negationism in India: Concealing the Record of Islam. Voice of India. 1992. .
- Indigenous Indians: Agastya to Ambedkar. Voice of India. 1993. .
- Psychology of Prophetism - A Secular Look at the Bible. 1993. .
- Dr. Ambedkar - A True Aryan. 1993. .
- BJP vis-à-vis Hindu Resurgence. 1997. .
- The Demographic Siege. 1997. .
- Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate Aditya Prakashan (1999)
- Decolonizing the Hindu Mind - Ideological Development of Hindu Revivalism. Delhi: Rupa & Co. 2001. .
- The Saffron Swastika - The Notion of Hindu Fascism. (2001)
- Gandhi and Godse - A review and a critique. Voice of India. 2001. . (transl: Pourquoi j’ai tué Gandhi, examen critique de la défense de Nathuram Godse par Koenraad Elst, Les Belles Lettres)
- Who is a Hindu?. 2001. . [1]
- Ayodhya: The Case Against the Temple. Voice of India. 2002. .
- Ayodhya, The Finale - Science versus Secularism the Excavations Debate (2003). Voice of India.
- Return of the Swastika: Hate and Hysteria Versus Hindu Sanity. Voice of India. 2007. .
- The Argumentative Hindu. Essays by an Unaffiliated Orientalist (Aditya Prakashan 2012)
- (2015)
- Still no trace of an Aryan invasion : a collection on Indo-European origins . Aryan Books International, 2018.
- Hindu Dharma and the Culture Wars. Rupa (2019)

## Other websites

- Koenraad Elst
- Blog
- Twitter
- Academia
- India Facts
- Pragyata
- Koenraad Elst, (2012) Meera Nanda against Hinduism and its friends: Koenraad Elst's real identity
- Koenraad Elst, (2013) The Wikipedia lemma on "Koenraad Elst": a textbook example of defamation
Betsy Blair

**Elizabeth Winifred Boger** (known as **Betsy Blair**; December 11, 1923 – March 13, 2009) was an American movie and stage actress. Her movies include _A Double Life_ and _Marty_.

Blair was born in Cliffside Park, New Jersey. She died in London from cancer of unknown primary origin at 85.
Kathleen Byron

**Kathleen Byron** (11 January 1921 – 18 January 2009) was a British actress. She acted in movies, theatre, and on television. She played Sister Ruth in _Black Narcissus_ She played Annette in _The Reluctant Widow_ (1950).

Byron was born in London. She died there at age 88.
Slava Voynov

**Vyacheslav Leonidovich Voynov** (; born January 15, 1990) is a Russian ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is currently suspended indefinitely from the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Voynov played two campaigns with Traktor Chelyabinsk of the Russian Superleague (RSL). Voynov was drafted with the 32nd overall by the Los Angeles Kings in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft.

The Kings sent Voynov to play for their AHL-affiliate team, the Manchester Monarchs. He played four seasons with them and was named to represent the Eastern Conference at the 2011 AHL All-Star Game.

On October 18, 2011, Voynov made his NHL debut with the Kings in a 5–0 win against the St. Louis Blues. On October 27, 2011, He scored his first NHL goal against Kari Lehtonen of the Dallas Stars in a 5–3 win. He also scored another goal in that game. On June 11, 2012, Voynov was able to win the Stanley Cup with the Kings. During the 2012–2013 playoffs, he set a Kings record for number of goals scored by a defender during playoffs. He scored a fifth playoff goal during the third game of the semifinals.

On June 18, 2013, he signed a six year, $25 million contract extension, worth 4.16 million a year with the Kings.

## Arrest & suspension

On October 20, 2014, Voynov was suspended indefinitely awaiting an investigation by the NHL after he was arrested on domestic violence charges. On November 20, 2014, the Los Angeles County prosecutor announced that he would be charged with "one felony count of corporal injury to a spouse with great bodily injury."

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Slava Voynov - Los Angeles Kings.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Voynov with the Kings during the 2012 Stanley Cup Finals
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Right
- **birth place**: Chelyabinsk, Soviet Union
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 190
- **team**: Los Angeles Kings
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **ntl team**: Russia
- **draft**: 32nd overall
- **draft year**: 2008
- **draft team**: Los Angeles Kings
- **career start**: 2006
St Nicolas Church, Nuneaton

**St. Nicolas Church** is a church in Nuneaton, operated by the Church of England.  The building dates back to the  first half of the 14th century.  It was badly damaged during the Second World War. After the war, it was rebuilt by prisoners of war. Today, it is a Grade I listed building.
Domart-sur-la-Luce

**Domart-sur-la-Luce** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 427 people lived there. The village was destroyed during World War I.
Dargnies

**Dargnies** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 1,324 people lived there. Dargnies is  from Amiens.
Cottenchy

**Cottenchy** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 509 people lived there.
Champien

**Champien** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 290 people lived there.
Cachy

**Cachy** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 260 people lived there.
Béalcourt

**Béalcourt** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 102 people lived there.
Béthencourt

**Béthencourt** () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 751 people lived there.

## Other websites

- INSEE commune file
Fourcigny

**Fourcigny** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 183 people lived there. It is found 26 miles southwest of Amiens.
Driencourt

**Driencourt** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 94 people lived there.

The village was destroyed during World War I.
Dromesnil

**Dromesnil** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. It is  from Amiens and  from Paris. In 2011, 102 people lived there.
Englebelmer

**Englebelmer** is a commune. It is in the Hauts-de-France region in the Somme department in the north of France. In 2011, 278 people lived there.
Toronto Pearson International Airport

**Lester B. Pearson International Airport** , called the **Toronto Pearson International Airport** (or simply **Pearson Airport** or **Toronto Pearson**) is an international airport in the Greater Toronto Area. The airport is  northwest of downtown Toronto, in Mississauga. The airport is named after Lester B. Pearson, Nobel Peace Prize winner and 14th Prime Minister of Canada.

The airport's IATA code, **YYZ**, may seem unusual at first. However, the code gets its last two letters, YZ, from the old railway station code for Malton, west of the airport. Most Canadian airports start with Y, which gives the code YYZ. YYZ is also the name of a song by the Canadian rock band named Rush.

## Accidents

Accident in 2025: A passenger airplane crashed (February 17) and stopped in upside-down position; There were no deaths; The plane was a Bombardier CRJ700; The flight was Delta Connection Flight 4819.