juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Adam Warlock

**Adam Warlock** is a fictional character that appears sometimes as an anti-hero and as a protagonist in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in _Fantastic Four_ #66 in September of 1967 in cocoon form, and #67 in October of 1967 in humanoid form, and was created by the late Stan Lee and the late Jack Kirby, originally named **Him**. Debuting in the Silver Age of comic books, the character has appeared in over four decades of Marvel publications, and starred in the popular titles _Marvel Premiere_ and _Strange Tales_ as well as five self-titled volumes and several related limited series.

## Fictional character biography

A humanoid created by the Enclave under the name Him, the being that would be known as Adam Warlock was given guidance under the High Evolutionary before being a champion of Counter-Earth. Warlock would soon play pivotal in protecting the universe from numerous threats, such as his enemy Man-Beast and his nemesis and sometimes ally Thanos. Powerful yet mysterious, Warlock is destined to act as the avatar of life yet faces against his evil future self, Magus and his destructive counterpart, Goddess. He has founded the Guardians of the Galaxy and Infinity Watch, and has been a member of the Cosmic Avengers.

## Powers and abilities

Warlock could project blasts of cosmic energy from his hands as concussive forces, fly at vast speeds, travel to different dimensions, create a solar vortexes, molecular walls, and flame barriers.

## In other media

The character has been adapted to various forms of media, including animated television series, and video games. The character has appeared in the _Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy_ in both incarnations as Warlock and Magus_._ Adam Warlock, portrayed by Will Poulter, made his live-action debut in _Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3_ (2023), which is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
Templeuve-en-Pévèle

**Templeuve-en-Pévèle** (, before 2015: _Templeuve_) is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 6,332 people lived there.

## Other websites

- INSEE commune file

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Templeuve-en-Pévèle
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Château-Baratte-Templeuve59242.jpg
- **caption**: Château Baratte
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Templeuve (Nord).svg
- **arrondissement**: Lille
- **canton**: Templeuve-en-Pévèle
- **insee**: 59586
- **postal code**: 59242
- **mayor**: Luc Monnet
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de communes Pévèle-Carembault, Pévèle-Carembault
- **elevation m**: 43
- **elevation min m**: 26
- **elevation max m**: 54
- **area km2**: 15.84
Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood

**Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood**, CH, PC, QC (14 September 1864 – 24 November 1958), known as **Lord Robert Cecil** from 1868 to 1923, was a British lawyer, politician and diplomat. He helped to start the League of Nations and to defend it. This got him awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1937.

His father was Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury.  He was born in Cavendish Square, London. He was educated at home until he was thirteen and then spent four years at Eton College.  Then he studied law at University College, Oxford. He married Lady Eleanor Lambton, daughter of George Lambton, 2nd Earl of Durham in 1889.  In 1899, he was made a Queen's Counsel.

At the 1906 general election, Cecil was elected as a Conservative Member of Parliament representing Marylebone East.  He was not elected in 1910, but  In 1911, he won a by-election in Hitchin, Hertfordshire as an Independent Conservative and served as its MP until 1923. In the 1915 coalition government, he was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.  He was promoted to Assistant Secretary in 1918–19.

In September 1916, he wrote and circulated a _Memorandum on Proposals for Diminishing the Occasion of Future Wars_ in the Cabinet.  He said peaceful procedures for settling disputes should be compulsory before there was any outbreak of fighting. Sanctions, including blockade, would be necessary to force countries to submit to peaceful procedures.  In November 1917, Cecil asked Arthur Balfour to set up a committee to consider the proposals for a League of Nations.  In  November 1918 he was appointed the head of the League of Nations section of the Foreign Office.

After the Treaty of Versailles was first presented to Germany, he argued strongly that it should be made less harsh on Germany and that Germany should be allowed to join the League.

With his brother Hugh Cecil, he resigned the Conservative whip in February 1921.  In May 1923, he returned to the cabinet as Lord Privy Seal.

He  planned the activities of the League of Nations Union. He was its president from 1923 to 1945. He was joint founder and president, with Pierre Cot, a French jurist, of the International Peace Campaign.

In 1929, he was made president of the newly formed Pedestrians Association which campaigned for measures to benefit pedestrians
Gion worship

**Gion worship**, or **Gion shinkō** in Japanese, is a form of Shintoism that used to center around the deity Gozu Tenno. However, during the Meiji era when there was a separation of Shintoism and Buddhism, the Japanese government required that the focus of Gion worship shift to the deity Susanoo.

The primary shrines of the Gion faith are Yasaka Shrine located in Kyoto and Hiromine Shrine in Hyogo Prefecture..

Gozu Tenno was a deity originally rooted in Buddhist-style Onmyōdō and is believed to have served as the guardian deity of Jetavana, the monastery where Buddha is believed to have studied.  In China, Gozu Tenno was influenced by Taoism, and in Japan, he merged with Susanoo, the Shinto Kami. Both Gozu Tenno and Susanoo were considered plague gods, which led to their association. In Japan, Gozu Tenno was also believed to be the Buddha Bhaisajyaguru. The description of Gozu Tenno in Shinnaiden is particularly prominent.

The Gion faith originated in the Heian period with the purpose of preventing epidemics by pacifying the god of pestilence. In the late 10th century, people in Kyoto started holding an annual festival at Yasaka Shrine (then known as Gion Shrine), which eventually became the famous Gion festival. By the Middle Ages, the Gion faith had spread throughout Japan, and Gion shrines or Gyozo tenno shrines were established to enshrine Gyozo tenno. The Goryokai or Tenno Festival was held as a ritual procession during this time.

During the Meiji era, the government implemented a policy of separating Shinto and Buddhism, known as Shinbutsu Bunri. As a result, many Shinto shrines that had previously been associated with Buddhist practices and deities were forced to disassociate themselves from Buddhism. In the case of the Gion Shrine and the Gozu Tenno Shrine, they had to change their names and say Gozu tenno was Susanoo. This was a part of a larger effort to promote Shinto as the national religion of Japan and distance it from foreign influences, particularly Buddhism..

While the worship of Susanoo is often associated with the Gion faith and its origin in the Gozu Tenno deity, there are also many other shrines that worship Susanoo in their own independent traditions. Some of these shrines, such as Susa Shrine and Yaegaki Shrine, have been worshipping Susanoo for centuries before the practice of worshipping Gozu Tenno was prohibited. These shrines have their own unique practices and beliefs, separate from the Gion faith.

## Gion shrines

There are many Gion shrines. Yasaka Shrine being the most prominent

- Yasaka Shrine (八坂神社) in Gion, Higashiyama, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture – Head shrine of the Yasaka shrine network
- Tsushima Shrine (津島神社) in Tsushima, Aichi Prefecture – Head shrine of the Tsushima shrine network
- Hiromine Shrine (広峰神社) in Himeji, Hyōgo Prefecture

## Other websites

- 祇園信仰研究会 - 有志による研究会
Téteghem-Coudekerque-Village

**Téteghem-Coudekerque-Village** (; ; ) is a commune in the Nord in north France. In 2019, 8,285 people lived there. The municipality was created on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Téteghem (the seat) and Coudekerque-Village.

## Other websites

- INSEE commune file

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Téteghem-Coudekerque-Village
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mairie de Teteghem.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Téteghem
- **arrondissement**: Dunkerque
- **canton**: Coudekerque-Branche
- **insee**: 59588
- **postal code**: 59229
- **mayor**: Franck Dhersin
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Communauté urbaine de Dunkerque, CU de Dunkerque
- **area km2**: 30.44
Dewa Shrine

**Dewa Shrine** (出羽神社) is one of the shrines of the Three Mountains of Dewa. It is also known as Hagurosan shrine due to being on Mount Haguro.

Of the three shrines it is the only shrine which is accessable year round .

Mount Haguro is the smallest of the three mountains of Dewa, but it contains all the deities of the other two mountains, making it the most important of all the three shrines. Dewa Shrine, also known as Hagurosan Shrine, is a Shinto shrine located on Mount Haguro.

Hagurosan Shrine is unique among the three shrines in that it remains accessible year-round unlike Gassan Shrine and Yudonosan Shrine, which are closed during winter due to heavy snowfall. As a result, it is the most renowned mountain of the three . One of Japan's national treasures, the Haguro Five-story Pagoda, is situated on Mount Haguro.

## Infobox (religious building)
Oyama Shrine

**Oyama Shrine** (雄山神社) is a Shinto shrine in Japan that worships Mount Tate. The shrine is located at a high altitude of 3,003 meters and has three sub-shrines.

Oyama Shrine has a rich history and was historically a major site of shugendō, a Japanese religion that combines elements of Buddhism, Shintoism, and other indigenous beliefs.

The shrine claims to be the Ichinomiya (highest ranked Shinto shrine) of Etchū Province, but there are other shrines that also claim this title.

Oyama Shrine is unique in that it does not have a honden, which is a main hall for enshrining the kami (deities), instead, Mount Tate itself is considered its main object of worship, known as the kannabi.

## Related pages

- List of Shinto shrines
- Ichinomiya

## Infobox (religious building)

- **deity**: Ame-no-Tajikarao, Izanagi
Yudonosan Shrine

**Yudonosan Shrine** (湯殿山神社) is an important Beppyo shrine and one of the Three Mountains of Dewa. The shrine is unique in that it has no main building, but instead uses the mountain itself as a Kannabi, or a rock as an Iwakura. It is located in a valley between Mount Yudono and Shinakurasan Mountain.

Yudonosan is the final destination in the Shugendo pilgrimage between all the mountains and is also associated with meeting potential spouses.  The mountain itself, Mount Yudono, is highly regarded as a training ground for ascetic discipline, and many yamabushi and ascetics believe that their pilgrimage is not complete until they reach the summit of Mount Yudono. The mountain is known for its goshintai, a sacred object believed to be connected to a god.. and they use a prominent rock as a shintai.. The shrine on Mount Yudono is regarded as holy ground and is kept secret, with photography and video recordings being strictly prohibited even today. It is impossible to enter the shrine in winter due to heavy snow.

## Infobox (religious building)
Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine

is a Shinto shrine located on Mount Chōkai.

In the middle ages it became a sacred spot for shugendo, a religion of mountain worship.

People worship a lake called Maruikesama at the shrine. It is a Kannabi and worshippers believe a god lives in it.

It is the Dewa Province Ichinomiya, or the first ranked shrine in the Dewa Province. It is related to the Three Mountains of Dewa

It has a festival every year on July 14 called Hi-awase shinji. where people light fires for good harvest and good fishing.

It has three subshrines. Fukura-kuchinomiya and Warabioka-kuchinomiya at the foot of the mountain and Sancho-Gohonsha at the peak

It had a legal battle after World War II because people were confused about who owned the summit

## Fukura-kuchinomiya

Fukura-kuchinomiya is a subshrine located at the foot of the mountain

The Honden is located on a hill and faces south

Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto is enshrined here

## Sanchō-Gohonsha

This Shrine is on the peak of Mount Chokai. It was built in 564 in the reign of Emperor Kinmei. It looks like an ordinary cabin on the outside The shrine is rebuilt once every 20 years, it was rebuilt in 1997.

## Warabioka-kuchinomiya

Warabioka-kuchinomiya is a subshrine located at the foot of the mountain. The shrine worships agricultural deities Toyoke-Ookami and Ukanomitama no Mikoto.

The shrine has four Hokora or small shrines on its grounds.

There is a festival on May 3rd called Daimonbei Matsuri.

There are three torii gates and the movie Rurouni Kenshin: The Legend Ends was filmed there

## Related pages

- Three Mountains of Dewa
    - Gassan Shrine
    - Dewa Shrine
    - Yudonosan Shrine
- Chōkai gassan ryōsho-gu

## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Chokaisan Omonoimi-jinja
- **native name**: 鳥海山大物忌神社
- **native name lang**: ja
- **religious affiliation**: Shinto
- **image**: File:Sanchou-Gohonsha_Gate.JPG
- **caption**: Torii of the shrine
- **deity**: Toyoukebime

Omonoiminokami

Tsukuyomi


## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Fukura-kuchinomiya
- **religious affiliation**: Shinto
- **image**: Hukura haiden.JPG
- **caption**: Fukura-kuchinomiya
- **deity**: Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto


## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Sanchō-Gohonsha
- **religious affiliation**: Shinto
- **image**: Precincts of Sanchou-Gohonsha.JPG
- **caption**: Sanchō-Gohonsha
- **deity**: Omonoimi no Kami


## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Warabioka-kuchinomiya
- **religious affiliation**: Shinto
- **image**: 蕨口之宮 一の鳥居.jpg
- **caption**: Warabioka-kuchinomiya
- **deity**: Toyoukebime,

Ukanomitama
Kannabi

In Shinto, there is a concept known as Kannabi (神奈備), also referred to as kaminabi or kamunabi, which denotes a region that houses a kami or is itself a shintai (a repository in which a kami resides). These regions are typically forests or mountains, and examples include Mount Miwa and Nachi Falls.

## Overview

Kannabi can have sacred trees called shinboku or rocks called Iwakura. Kannabi may also have shimenawa, torii gates, and sandō which show the way to them.

Shrines that worship kannabi do not always have a honden or haiden like other shrines. Instead, they enshrine the natural kannabi as deities. One example is Ōmiwa Shrine. Kanasana Jinja is another shrine where the mountain itself is the shintai.

## Related pages

- Age of the Gods
- Ko-Shintō
- Himorogi・Iwakura
- Shintai・Yorishiro
- Shinboku
- Sacred mountains・Mountain worship
- Kannagi
- Chinju no Mori
Ōarai Isosaki Shrine

The **Ōarai Isosaki Shrine** (大洗磯前神社, Ōarai Isosaki jinja) is a Shinto shrine located in Ōarai City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. It has three torii gates leading into the ocean.

## Overview

The shrine is believed to have been established in 856 A.D. and was destroyed during the 16th-century war. It was later rebuilt in the 17th century. The shrine has three torii gates, each offering a unique view and environment.

The Kamiiso-no-Torii is the most impressive gate, providing a prime location to watch the sunrise as it faces east. As the sun appears on the horizon, its rays shine through the gate, giving it a beautiful red hue. At night, the gate is equally stunning when illuminated by moonlight.

## Geographic location

Ōarai Isosaki Shrine is located on the Kantō Plain, northeast of Ibaraki Prefecture, situated next to the Pacific Ocean.

Address: 〒311-1301, 6890 Isohama-chō, Ōarai-machi, Higashiibaraki-gun, Ibaraki-ken, Japan.

Plans and satellite views of the sanctuary.

Plans and satellite views of the Kamiiso torii gate (神磯).

## History

The Ōarai Isosaki shrine has a long history and was established in the year 856.

During a war from 1558 to 1570, the shrine was destroyed. However, it was rebuilt in 1690 by patrons, including Tokugawa Mitsukuni.

The Ibaraki Prefecture has designated the shrine as a cultural property.

## Worshiped Deity

Ōarai Isosaki Shrine is dedicated to the deity Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto (大己貴命), known as a kami of family safety and prosperous business.

## Characteristics

The Oarai Isosaki-jinja shrine has three torii gates in separate locations.

The main torii gate is a huge reinforced concrete structure that is 15.60 m high and 22.42 m wide, located on a path.

Behind it, a second Torii rises, and as you pass this second torii, you see the shrine buildings.

The third torii, Kamiiso Torii (神磯鳥居), is located on the coast and faces east towards the Pacific Ocean, it faces east to the ocean and the rising sun, representing the spot where the gods landed. The shrine is about two and a half kilometers away from Oarai Station and can be accessed by taxi or bus. .

Oarai Isosaki-jinja is dedicated to two deities, Onamuchi-no-Mikoto and Sukunahikona-no-Mikoto, who are believed to have created Japan. The shrine also has an impressive worship hall, guarded by statues of frogs instead of the typical lion-dogs. The frog is considered a symbol of good luck in Japan as it sounds like "safe return" or "return of something lost" in Japanese.

The ocean is a Kannabi for the deities

## Hassaku Matsuri

The Hassaku Matsuri, a traditional festival of the shrine, is held annually on August 25th.

## Infobox (religious building)

- **image**: File:Kamiiso torii at Oarai Isosaki Jinja.jpg
- **caption**: Kamiiso torii gate (神磯) of Ōarai Isosaki Shrine.
- **deity**: Ōkuninushi
Furogu Shrine

The Furogu Shrine (風浪宮), is a Shinto shrine in Okawa, Fukuoka Prefecture.

The Azumi people created the shrine.

## Overview

The Shrine, locally known as "Ofurosan," has origins that date back over 1,800 years and is linked to Empress Jingū.

The Furogu Shrine festival, also known as Reitaisai, is a popular event in Okawa, Fukuoka Prefecture. It's one of the three major festivals in the Chikugo region, attracting over 150,000 visitors in February..

The shrine is home to a massive Shinboku Camphor tree that is said to be 1800 years old.

The shrine houses a wooden statue of the seated Buddhist Goddess of Mercy.

The current shrine was built in the 1560

## Other websites

- Official website of Furogu Shrine

## Infobox (religious building)
Chōkai Gassan Ryōsho-gu

is a Shinto shrine in Yamagata City, Yamagata Prefecture. It used to be a prefectural shrine. Now it is a Beppyo shrine.

## Name

The name of the shrine in kanji is Chōkai Gassan Ryōshō-gū (鳥海月山両所宮). This is what the parts of its name mean. Chōkai (鳥海) is the name of the nearby Mount Chōkai, while Gassan (月山) is the name of the nearby Mount Gassan. Ryōshō (両所) means "two places", and gū (宮) means "shrine". This means that the name can be translated to "The Shrine of Two Places, Mount Chōkai and Mount Gassan". The name reflects the shrine's importance in the local Shinto tradition, as it is dedicated to the kami (gods) believed to protect both Mount Chōkai and Mount Gassan.

## Deities

It enshrines the deities Kuninotokotachi no Mikoto of Ōmonoimi Shrine (Mount Chōkai) and Tsukuyomi of Gassan Shrine (Mount Gassan).

## Festivals

It has a festival every July 1 of the lunar calendar, rice, cucumbers, eggplants, millet, and ears of rice are wrapped in paper and buried in the ground

## Related pages

- Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine
- Gassan Shrine

## Other websites

- Chōkai Gassan Ryōsho-gu Yamagata City Tourism Association

## Infobox (religious building)

- **image**: Chōkai Gassan Ryōshonomiya torii - 2012.jpg
- **deity**: Kuni-no-Tokotachi

Tsukuyomi
Iwakura

is a term in ancient Shinto that refers to rocks believed to contain the spirits of Kami. These rocks, which are the object of worship, are also known as Yorishiro.

## Overview

People in Japan have been practicing nature worship for a very long time. This means they believe that gods and spirits live in nature. In Shinto ceremonies, they believe the gods come from a special rock called shintai. They use a special object called yorishiro, which represents the gods' power and is placed at the center of the ceremony.

As time went by and temples became more permanent, the focus of worship shifted from the body of the gods to the shrines themselves. Sacred trees and stones, decorated with shimenawa ropes, can still be found in many temple grounds.

Alongside the belief in rocks, Japan also has various other forms of nature worship. For instance, Chinju no Mori is a belief where certain areas are considered forbidden and off-limits. Munakata Taisha's Okinoshima is another example of a sacred island where the spirits of ancestors are believed to reside. Additionally, there are mountain worships, such as Rokko Himei Shrine and Mount Miwa, as well as beliefs in natural elements like fire, waterfalls, wind, rain, and lightning.

Another rock-related object in Shinto is called Iwasaka, which is believed to be a ritual site that centers on a rock. However, compared to Iwaza, there is little evidence of its existence. The Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan) distinguishes Iwasaka from Iwaza, suggesting that it is a distinct object. Additionally, a banjiki is similar to a stone circle and serves as a boundary that marks the divine realm and preserves the sacredness of the site.

Along the Kaido, some megaliths have carvings related to Buddhism, while others have legends associated with them, such as the tale of a famous samurai who bridged horses. The Iwakura Gakkai research group believes that the worship of rock formations and megaliths can be traced back to the Jomon period. They argue that some rock formations were artificially arranged to represent certain figures, directions, or even the shape of a constellation. However, the Iwakura Society disputes this view, stating that the Iwakura ritual did not begin until the Kofun period. Additionally, there is criticism of the idea that megaliths are human-made artifacts.

An iwasaka is a type of stone altar or mound used in ancient Shinto practices as a yorishiro, or an object used as a dwelling place for a kami, or a god or spirit. The purpose of an iwasaka is to call upon the kami for worship. The words iwasaka and iwakura are often used interchangeably since their meanings are very similar.

## Related pages

- Shrine
- Shinto shrine
- Himorogi
- Megalith
- Cinnabar

## Other websites

- イワクラ（磐座）学会
Whale mounds

Whale mounds, also known as Kujira Tsuga in Japanese, are mounds that are dedicated to whales that have been washed up on the shore. This is a unique custom to Japan.

## Overview

Mounds are created to remember Cetacean stranding, a type of whale that was hunted for food and resources, and to show appreciation for the area being saved and enriched. Whales were considered gods and some were called Ebisu, so they were enshrined to prevent them from becoming angry gods after they died on the shore or were hunted. The mound is also built to prevent the god from becoming angry. These mounds can be found at Toda Shrine in Shinagawa, Tokyo and Whale Shrine in Miyake-jima, Tokyo.

After organized whaling was established during the Edo period, mounds were also built in areas where whaling was a livelihood to serve as memorials and expressions of gratitude. Examples include the Ryujima area near Ukishima Shrine in Chiba Prefecture and Taiji.

People believed that whales had spiritual power as their arrival in an area often coincided with the arrival of fish. Therefore, they were used as fishing guides and regarded as auspicious. This led to the enshrinement of whales, often in the form of Ebisu, as a fishing deity to bring good fortune to fishermen and as a sea god to pray for safety at sea.

Similarly, there are whale graves and monuments in areas where whaling has been a source of livelihood since ancient times, as well as for passive and accidental whaling. When combined with whale mounds, there are about 100 of them in Japan.

## Whalebone Torii

A whalebone torii is a type of torii where the gate of the shrine is constructed using whale bones, primarily the ribs of the whale.

The oldest one in Japan is the torii of the Ebisu Shrine in Taiji Town, Wakayama Prefecture. This is mentioned in Ihara Saikaku's "Nihon Eitaigura" published in 1688 (Jōkyō5): "In the village of Taiji, Ominato, Kiiro, the wife and children sing. This place is prosperous and Wakamatsu village is standing. According to records, the current torii is the third generation, and it is unknown what it was made of before that. According to records, the current torii is the third generation, and it is not known what it was made of before that. These are all the whale torii gates that exist in Japan today, but there is also a Cape Eluanbi Shrine in Eluanbi, the southernmost point of Taiwan under Japanese rule at the time. There were also whale torii gates at three other shrines: Fudato Ebisu Shrine in Sakhalin, and Shikotan Shrine on Shikotan Island in the Northern Territories. Each of these five locations is either directly or indirectly related to whaling (such as whaling bases).

## Related pages

- Whale
    - Ebisu (mythology)
- Whaling
Albert Lutuli

**Albert John Luthuli** (1898 – 21 July 1967) was a South African anti-apartheid activist, traditional leader, and politician who was the President-General of the African National Congress from 1952 until his death in 1967.

He was born to a Zulu family  at a Seventh-day Adventist mission in Bulawayo. He went to his family's ancestral home of Groutville, in the Colony of Natal in 1908 to go to school under the care of his uncle. After graduating from high school with a teaching degree, He went a small school in Natal where he was the only teacher.  Then he went to Adams College. He got a Higher Teacher's Diploma and became a teacher there - one  of their first African teachers.  He was  the secretary of the Natal Native Teachers' Association, and then its president.

In 1935 when he was elected chief of the Umvoti River Reserve in Groutville. He joined the African National Congress in 1944.  In 1952 he led the Defiance Campaign to protest against the pass laws.  He was deposed by the South African government as chief. He was elected President-General of the ANC.  He was against the use of violence.  In 1961 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
Krasnodar Krai

**Krasnodar Krai**  is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) in the North Caucasus region. It is a part of the Southern Federal District. Its  center is the city of Krasnodar. There were 5,838,273 people living there at the 2021 Census.

Novorossiysk is Russia's main port on the Black Sea. It is one of the bases of the Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet.

## Infobox (russian federal subject)

- **en name**: Krasnodar Krai
- **ru name**: Краснодарский край
- **image map**: Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Krasnodar Krai (Crimea disputed).svg
- **image coa**: Coat of Arms of Krasnodar Krai.svg
- **coa caption**: Coat of arms of Krasnodar Krai, Coat of arms
- **image flag**: Flag of Krasnodar Krai.svg
- **flag caption**: Flag of Krasnodar Krai, Flag
- **anthem**: Anthem of Krasnodar Krai
- holiday
- holiday_ref
- **political status**: Krai
- **political status link**: Krais of Russia
- **federal district**: Southern Federal District, Southern
- **economic region**: North Caucasus economic region, North Caucasus
- **adm ctr type**: Administrative center
- **adm ctr name**: Krasnodar
- **pop 2021census**: 5838273
- **pop 2021census rank**: 3rd
- **urban pop 2010census**: 52.9%
- **rural pop 2010census**: 47.1%
- pop_density
- pop_density_as_of
- pop_density_ref
- **pop latest**: 5,570,945
- **pop latest date**: 2017
- **area km2**: 76000
- **area km2 rank**: 42nd
- **established date**: September 13, 1937
- **license plates**: 23, 93, 123, 193
- **iso**: RU-KDA
- **gov as of**: March 2011
- **leader title**: Governor of Krasnodar Krai, Governor
- **leader name**: Veniamin Kondratev
- **legislature**: Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai, Legislative Assembly
- **website**: http://admkrai.krasnodar.ru/
- website_ref
- **date**: September 2014
Military justice

**Military justice** (also **military law**) is the legal system  that governs the armed forces of a country. In some counties civil law and military law are different and  they have different courts to enforce the law.

Military justice is not the same as martial law, which is the imposition of direct military authority upon a civilian population.

## Related pages

- Laws of war
Counties of Estonia

**Counties**  were the state administrative subdivisions of Estonia. There were 15 counties, 13 on the mainland and 2 on islands. County governments  were abolished at the end of 2017, with their duties split between state authorities and local governments, and now counties have no  independent powers.

The counties were first started in the 13th century.
Pop (song)

"**Pop**" is a song by NSYNC and is the lead single from their fourth studio album _Celebrity_. It went to number 1 in Canada and Croatia, number 6 in Portugal, number 7 in Norway, number 9 in the United Kingdom, number 10 in Australia and number 19 in the United States, New Zealand and Sweden.

## Composition

Sheet music for "Pop" shows the key of C minor with a tempo of 120 beats per minute in common time. NSYNC's vocals span from G<sub>3</sub> to G<sub>5</sub>.

## Track listings

- **US 12-inch single**
- A1. "Pop" (Deep Dish Cha-Ching remix) – 11:49
- B1. "Pop" (Pablo La Rosa's Hard Sync mix) – 6:29
- B2. "Pop" (Terminalhead vocal remix edit) – 4:04
- B3. "Pop" (Deep Dish Cha-Ching remix edit) – 4:13

- **Canadian CD single**
1. "Pop" – 2:55
1. "Pop" (no breakdown) – 2:29

- **Australian, New Zealand, and Japanese CD single**
1. "Pop" (album version) – 3:57
1. "Pop" (radio version) – 2:55
1. "Pop" (Deep Dish Cha-Ching remix radio edit) – 4:12
1. "Pop" (Terminalhead vocal remix) – 5:23

- **UK CD single**
1. "Pop" (radio version) – 2:55
1. "Pop" (Pablo La Rosa's Hard Sync mix) – 6:29
1. "Pop" (Deep Dish Cha-Ching remix radio edit) – 4:12
1. "Pop" (instrumental) – 2:54

- **UK cassette single**
1. "Pop" (radio version) – 2:55
1. "Pop" (Pablo La Rosa's Hard Sync mix) – 6:29
1. "Pop" (instrumental) – 2:54

- **European CD single**
1. "Pop" (album version) – 3:57
1. "Pop" (instrumental) – 3:21

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Pop
- **alt**: NSYNC posing in front of a gray background. The group's name and song title are positioned in front of them.
- **type**: single
- **artist**: NSYNC
- **album**: Celebrity (album), Celebrity
- **studio**: * Westlake Recording Studios, Westlake (Los Angeles, U.S.)
* Metalworks Studios, Metalworks (Toronto, Canada)
- **genre**: * Dance-pop
* electropop
- **length**: 3:57
- **label**: Jive Records, Jive
- **writer**: * Justin Timberlake
* Wade Robson
- **producer**: BT (musician), Brian Transeau
- **prev title**: This I Promise You
- **prev year**: 2000
- **next title**: Gone (NSYNC song), Gone
- **next year**: 2001
You Wear It Well (DeBarge song)

"**You Wear It Well**" is a 1985 song by DeBarge and is the third single from their fourth studio album _Rhythm of the Night_. It peaked at number 46 in the United States. It was featured in an episode of _The Facts of Life_ on 2 November, 1985 when El DeBarge guest starred in it.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: You Wear It Well
- **type**: single
- **artist**: DeBarge
- **album**: Rhythm of the Night (album), Rhythm of the Night
- **released**: October 1985
- **recorded**: 1984-85
- **genre**: Rhythm and blues, R&B
- **label**: Motown, Gordy
- **writer**: El DeBarge, Chico DeBarge
- **producer**: El DeBarge
- **prev title**: Who's Holding Donna Now
- **prev year**: 1985
- **next title**: The Heart Is Not So Smart
- **next year**: 1986
Kokusai himitsu keisatsu series

***Kokusai himitsu keisatsu series*** (国際秘密警察シリーズ, _International Secret Police Series_) is an action movie produced by Toho from 1963 to 1967. A total of five films were produced by Toho and stars Tatsuya Mihashi, a look-alike Cary Grant.

## Overview

This series was produced in 1963 when the first James Bond film "Dr. No" (directed by Terrence Young) was released and became a hit in Japan. It is said to be "the first spy movie in the world to be influenced by 007". The basic story is that Jiro Kitami, an agent working for the International Secret Police/I.S.P. (国際秘密警察, _Kokusai himitsu keisatsu_), destroys evil organizations, just like the "Japanese James Bond" played by Mihashi. The highlights are the bizarre gadgets used during the missions and his skillful gun handling.

The first work "Interpol Code 8" and the second work "Tiger Fang" were produced as pure spy action movies with a serious mood, but the third work "Director Takashi Tsuboshima" written by Shinichi Sekizawa and directed by Takashi Tsuboshima. From "Keg of Gunpowder" onwards, elements of sex appeal are added and Kitami becomes sloppy with women, the appearance of unrealistic enemy characters, elements of comedy touches is also included. It has become a work of entertainment for audiences looking to watch something different from other film genres they watched like kaiju and tokusatsu.

In 1966, Toho invited American actor and producer Roger Smith, who was also popular in Japan with "77 Sunset Strip", a one-hour TV series planned starring a Japanese-American duo with Mihashi. Although the project fell through with many script changes, Shinichi Sekizawa rewrote the 5th and final film, "The Killing Bottle," by reusing the novel "Desperate Situation" (
絶体絶命, _Zettai zetsumei_) written by novelist Michio Tsuzuki for the pilot episode.

### Kokusai himitsu keisatsu shirei dai 8-gō/Interpol Code 8

- First installment・Release date: August 31, 1963 (Produced and distributed by Toho)
    - Plot: Quyen, a government official was killed in Saigon, South Vietnam, and Akimoto, an employee of a Japanese trading company who had been in contact with the government official, disappeared. Jiro Kitami is dispatched to Japan from the International Secret Police (ISP) Headquarters in Paris, as the merchant of death, Rudolf Kent, is involved in this case. Together with Natsuo Ezaki, Akimoto's colleague, Kitami stands up to break the Kent gang's secret trading route.
Ise

**Ise** may refer to:

- Ise, Mie, a city in Japan
    - Ise Grand Shrine, a Shinto shrine at Ise, Mie
- Ise Province, an ancient province of Japan
- Ise Bay, a bay in Japan
Hachiman

**Hachiman** is a Shinto god who represents archery and war. He is also known as Yahata and is a syncretic divinity that incorporates elements from both Shinto and Buddhism. Hachiman is said to be Emperor Ōjin by birth, who reigned in the 3rd-4th century, and was later deified and identified as "Yahata-no-kami" which means "Kami of Eight Banners." He is also called Hondawake. The dove is his messenger, and he is associated with samurai banners and symbolizes both the bow and arrow.

Hachiman has been worshiped by farmers and fishermen since ancient times. Farmers believe he is the god of agriculture, while fishermen pray to him to fill their nets with plenty of fish.

During the samurai period, Hachiman was worshipped by the descendants of two samurai clans - Seiwa Genji and Kanmu Taira. This tradition spread throughout Japan, and samurai clans began to honor Hachiman as their sacred deity. Hachiman's roles also included determining a samurai's fate in battle, protecting martial arts, and proclaiming the victory of an army.

Hachiman is a Shinto god who is mainly worshipped as the tutelary deity of warriors, though he is sometimes referred to as the god of war. Additionally, he is also considered to be a protective deity of Japan, the Japanese people, and the Imperial House

## Related pages

- Bishamon -- Shinto-Buddhist God of War
Continuous wave

A **continuous wave** or **continuous waveform** (**CW**) is an electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude and frequency, typically a sine wave, that for mathematical analysis is considered to be of infinite duration. It may refer to e.g. a laser or particle accelerator having a continuous output, as opposed to a pulsed output.

By extension, the term _continuous wave_ also refers to an early method of radio transmission in which a sinusoidal carrier wave is switched on and off. This is more precisely called **interrupted continuous wave** (**ICW**). Information is carried in the varying duration of the on and off periods of the signal, for example by Morse code in early radio. In early wireless telegraphy radio transmission, CW waves were also known as "undamped waves", to distinguish this method from damped wave signals produced by earlier _spark gap_ type transmitters.
Luz del alba rubio

**Luz del Alba Rubio** born in 1968, _Aged 57_, is one of the **most important figures** in the Opera world.
She has done many memorable things, she is an activist and is currently, as of 2023 fighting abuse of power. She is one of **3 women** to speak out of what people have done out of the **124 victims.** She is known as a hero by many women in the US, Latin America and Spain.

She also has a foundation which she has sung and prepared events for in Uruguay since 2010.
She teaches children and adults to sing around the world.

Puntaclassic Foundation

&

https://luzdelalbarubio.com
Watatsumi

**Watatsumi** is a legendary deity, dragon, and protector of water in Japanese mythology. Some people believe that Ōwatatsumi no kami, also known as Ryūjin, the Dragon God of the sea, is another name for Watatsumi. Three deities, known as Watatsumi Sanjin, were created when Izanagi washed himself after returning from Yomi, the underworld. These three deities govern the upper, middle, and lower seas.

## Infobox (deity)

- **type**: Shinto
- **children**: , Toyotama-hime, Tamayori-hime (mother of Jimmu), Tamayori-hime
- **father**: Izanagi
- **mother**: Izanami
Essex Police

**Essex Police** is a territorial police force responsible for policing the county of Essex. It is responsible for more than1.8 million people and an area of 1,420 square miles (3,700 km<sup>2</sup>).  It shares support services with Kent Police.

Essex Constabulary started in 1840. In 1965, it had 1,862 officers.  Southend-on-Sea had its own police force until 1969. The force had more than 4000 police officers in 2020.
Gassan Shrine

is a Shinto shrine located on Mount Gassan in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. It used to be a highly ranked national shrine in the Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines. The main deity worshipped here is Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto. The shrine was established in the year 593.

The shrine celebrates its main festival every year on August 14th.

Mount Gassan is the highest of the Three Mountains of Dewa and is known for its stunning natural beauty. The mountain is home to many unique plants and other vegetation. The path to the peak of Mt. Gassan is the second-highest point in the Shonai Region of Japan. However, due to the heavy snowfall, the mountain can usually only be accessed from late spring to early fall.

## Related pages

- Mount Gassan
- Three Mountains of Dewa
- Chōkai gassan ryōsho-gu

## Other websites

- Dewa Sanzan official website

## Infobox (religious building)
Empress Kōgyoku

**Empress Kōgyoku**, also known as Empress Saimei, was a monarch of Japan who ruled twice and is considered the 35th and 37th ruler according to traditional succession.

Empress Kōgyoku reigned twice, first as Kōgyoku from 642 to 645, and then again as Saimei from 655 to 661.

- 642: Kōgyoku became empress but stepped down after Soga no Iruka's assassination. 645: Kōgyoku abdicated to her brother, Emperor Kōtoku.  654: Emperor Kōtoku died and the throne was empty.  655: Kōgyoku became empress again, now known as Saimei.  661: Saimei died and the throne was vacant again.

This one woman ruled twice from 642 to 645 and from 655 to 661..

Kōgyoku was a Japanese empress who ruled twice in the 7th century. She was the second woman to rule as empress, after Suiko-tennō. Six more women became empresses after her.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Empress Kōgyoku / Empress Saimei

- **image**: Empress Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg
- **succession**: Empress regnant of Japan
(Kōgyoku, first reign)
- **reign**: 19 February 642 –  12 July 645
- **predecessor**: Emperor Jomei, Jomei
- **successor**: Emperor Kōtoku, Kōtoku
- **posthumous name**: Posthumous name#Chinese-style (Han-style) shigō, Chinese-style _shigō_:
Empress Kōgyoku ()
Empress Saimei ()

Posthumous name#Japanese-style shigō, Japanese-style _shigō_:
Ametoyotakaraikashihitarashi-hime no Sumeramikoto ()
- **spouse**: Emperor Jomei
- **father**: Prince Chinu
- **mother**: Princess Kibitsu-hime
- **birth name**: Takara ()
- **birth date**: 7 August 594
- **birth place**: Japan
- **death date**: 24 August 661 (aged 66–67)
- **death place**: Asakura no _Miya_
Abbey (name)

The name **Abbey** [ **ab**-ee ] has become more popular recently and can be used for both boys and girls. It is a short form of Abigail, a Hebrew name that means "my father's joy." However, Abbey also has its own unique meaning and history. Abbey comes from the Latin word "abbeia," which means "abbey" or "monastery." In the Middle Ages, an abbey was a place where monks or nuns lived and prayed. It was a peaceful and calm place where people could find comfort and spiritual advice. Therefore, the name Abbey suggests feelings of spirituality, calmness, and tranquility. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## People

- Abbey Simon, American musician
Suffolk Constabulary

**Suffolk Constabulary** is the police force responsible for Suffolk. It serves a population of 761,000 in a mostly rural area of 1,466 square miles (3,796 km<sup>2</sup>), with 49 miles of coastline. The headquarters are in Martlesham. It is responsible for Ipswich, Lowestoft, Bury St Edmunds and Felixstowe. In September 2022, it had about 1,387 police constables. In  March 2022 it had 111 special constables, 880 police staff/designated officers, 36 Police community support officers and 133 police support volunteers.

West Suffolk Constabulary and East Suffolk Constabulary and Ipswich Borough Police were joined together in 1967.
Abby

**Abby** [ **ab**-ee ] is a well-liked name for infant females that has existed for hundreds of years. It is a truncated version of the name Abigail, which originates from the Hebrew name Avigayil, signifying "my father's joy" or "source of joy." This name has an extensive past and has been used in different cultures and languages. This name was ranked #575 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People

- Abby Lee Miller, American dance instructor, choreographer, and owner of Reign Dance Productions
- Abby Finkenauer, American politician
Abdi

**Abdi** is a name that is well-known in different cultures and languages. The name has been in use for centuries and its meaning varies based on its origin and the context.  Abdi is derived from the Arabic word "abd," which means "servant" or "worshipper." The name has Arabic roots and means "servant of God" or "worshipper of God." Abdi is a popular name among Muslim communities and is frequently given to boys to express their devotion to God.Recently, the name Abdi has been known to be common in countries like Somalia, Djibouti and Ethiopia.

## People

- Abdi İpekçi (1929–1979), Turkish journalist
- Abdi Kassim, Zanzibari footballer
- Abdi Pasha (disambiguation), various Ottoman people
- Abdi Toptani (1864–1942), Albanian politician
- Abdi Haji Yaris, Somali politician
Abdiel

**Abdiel** is a name with a long-standing history and deep significance. It has been in use for many centuries and originates from Hebrew. The name is formed from two Hebrew words, "ab" which translates to "servant" and "el" which translates to "God." As a result, the name Abdiel conveys the meaning of "one who serves God."

## People

- Abdiel Arroyo (born 1993), Panamanian footballer
- Abdiel Ayarza (born 1992), Panamanian footballer
- Abdiel Colberg (born 1957), Puerto Rican film director and television producer
Abdul

**Abdul** is a well-liked name among Arabic-speaking communities, typically given to boys. Its origin comes from two Arabic words: "abd," which translates to "servant" or "slave," and "al," which means "the." As a result, Abdul signifies "servant of the" followed by one of the 99 names of Allah, as per Islamic tradition.

## People

- Abdulkarim, Servant of _the most Generous_
- Abdurrahim, Servant of _the Merciful_
- Abdurrahman, Servant of _the Benevolent_
- Abdul Gadir Jilani
Abdullah

**Abdullah** is a well-liked name in the Arabic language that has been used for many years. It's a common name given to boys and has a significant meaning that represents the Islamic religion. The name Abdullah is formed from two Arabic words, "abd" which signifies "servant" and "Allah" which signifies "God". So, the name Abdullah implies "servant of God".

## People

- Abdullah Alnefisi, Kuwaiti politician and academic
- Abdullah Öcalan, ideologist, writer and founder of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)
Abe (given name)

**Abe** is a nickname for the name Abraham, which comes from the Hebrew name Avraham. Avraham means "father of many nations" or "father of a multitude." Because of this, the name Abe also has a similar meaning and is often linked with traits such as strength, leadership, and a feeling of obligation.

## People

- Abe Aaron (1910–1970), Canadian clarinetist and saxophonist
- Abe Addams (1926–2017), American football player
- Abe Ajay (1919–1998), American artist
- Shinzo Abe (11954-12022), Former Prime Minister of Japan
Electoral system

An **electoral system** or **voting system** is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are run and how their results are decided. They are used in politics to elect national and local governments. Elections also happen in businesses, and other sorts of  organisations. These rules usually govern voting,  when elections happen, who can vote, who can be a candidate, how the votes are counted, how votes decide the election, limits on campaign spending, and other things that can affect the result.

There are many different electoral systems. Sometimes different systems are used in different sorts of elections in the same country.

Voters may vote directly for candidates or their votes may elect an electoral college where their representatives may run a further election. Areas may be divided into constituencies with one or more representatives in each. Voters may vote directly for individual candidates or for a list of candidates.

The most common systems are first-past-the-post voting, multiple non-transferable vote,  the two-round (runoff) system, party-list proportional representation and ranked or preferential voting as used in single-winner Instant-runoff voting or multi-winner Single transferable voting.

Different voting systems may effect the results, and they may be changed to benefit those in power.