juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Blazing Saddles

***Blazing Saddles*** is a 1974 comedy western movie directed by Mel Brooks starring Cleavon Little, Gene Wilder and Harvey Korman. It tells the story of a black Sheriff, played by Little, who is appointed Sheriff of a small Western town and how he must try to make friends with the racist towns people and stop a ruthless businessman from knocking down the town to make way for a railway line.

While the movie is widely said to be a classic comedy today, critical reaction was mixed when the movie was first released.

In 2006, Blazing Saddles was selected by the Library of Congress into the United States National Film Registry.

## Cast

- Cleavon Little as Sheriff Bart
- Gene Wilder as Jim, aka "The Waco Kid"
- Harvey Korman as Hedley Lamarr
- Madeline Kahn as Lili von Shtupp, the "Teutonic Titwillow"
- Slim Pickens as Taggart
- Dom DeLuise as Buddy Bizarre
- Mel Brooks as Gov. William J. Le Petomane / Indian Chief / Tough wearing sunglasses and a bomber jacket.
- Liam Dunn as Reverend Johnson
- George Furth as Van Johnson
- Burton Gilliam as Lyle
- John Hillerman as Howard Johnson
- David Huddleston as Olson Johnson
- Richard Collier as Dr. Samuel Johnson
- Alex Karras as Mongo
- Jack Starrett as Gabby Johnson
- Robyn Hilton as Miss Stein (the governor's secretary)
- Rodney Allen Rippy as Young Bart
- Charles McGregor as Charlie
- Robert Ridgely as Boris, the hangman
- Carol Arthur as Harriet Johnson
- Anne Bancroft as Extra in Church Congregation (uncredited)

## Awards and honors

In the scene where Lamarr talks to his band of bad guys, he says, "You men are only risking your lives, while I am risking an almost-certain Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor!" Harvey Korman did not, in fact, get an Oscar nomination.  The movie did receive three other Academy Awards nominations in 1974: Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Madeline Kahn, Best Film Editing, and Best Music, Original Song. The movie also earned two BAFTA awards nominations, for Best Newcomer (Cleavon Little) and Best Screenplay.

The movie won the Writers Guild of America Award for "Best Comedy Written Directly for the Screen" for writers Mel Brooks, Norman Steinberg, Andrew Bergman, Richard Pryor, and Alan Uger.

In 2006, _Blazing Saddles_ was chosen by the Library of Congress for the National Film Registry.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Blazing Saddles
- **director**: Mel Brooks
- **producer**: Michael Hertzberg
- **story**: Andrew Bergman
- **screenplay**: Andrew Bergman
Mel Brooks
Richard Pryor
Norman Steinberg
Al Uger
- **starring**: Cleavon Little
Gene Wilder
Harvey Korman
Slim Pickens
Madeline Kahn
Mel Brooks
Dom DeLuise
- **music**: Mel Brooks _(songs)_
John Morris (composer), John Morris _(score)_
- **cinematography**: Joseph F. Biroc
- **editing**: Danford B. Greene
John C. Howard
- **distributor**: Warner Bros.
- **runtime**: 93 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English
- **budget**: $2.6 million
- **gross**: $120,800,000
Pika

A **pika** is a small mammal related to the hare and the rabbit (lagomorph). Pikas are also known as **rock rabbits** or **coneys**. Pikas have short limbs, a round body, an even coat of fur, round ears, and no external tail.

There are 37 different species of pika. Most pikas live in colder climates, on rocky mountain slopes. Pikas need cold temperatures to live, and can die if exposed to temperatures above . They live in Asia, North America and parts of Eastern Europe. They are active during the day or twilight. Pikas do not hibernate. Because they do not hibernate, during the summer they gather food for winter. They collect hay, which they pile up to dry. They sometimes steal hay from each other. This often results in disputes. Predators, like ferrets, and large birds often use these disputes to catch pikas.

Pikas are herbivores and eat many kinds of plants, such as grasses, sedges, moss, and lichens.

Pikas in Eurasia often live in family groups and share duties of gathering food and keeping watch. Some species are territorial. Pikas in North America are asocial outside of breeding season.

Pikachu from Pokemon is based off this animal.
Two-source hypothesis

The **Two-source hypothesis** is a hypothesis that was made in the 19th century. It tries to explain what is called the synoptic problem in Christian theology. This problem is that certain parts of the gospels of Mark, Matthew and Luke have texts that are very similar. The hypothesis claims that the Gospels of Matthew and Luke were written based on the gospel of Mark, and lost source text, called Q. The Q is for German _Quelle_, and means source. The lost document was likely a collection of Jesus' sayings, very probably written in the Ancient Greek. The hypothesis is widely accepted among Christian scholars.

## Problems

There are two major problems with this hypothesis:
- There is something that is called _minor agreements_. These are parts of the text, where both Matthew and Luke agree, but where Mark does not. To explain this,  many people believe that Matthew and Luke did not use the text of Mark as it was included in the New Testament, but rather an earlier version. Some people even say that they did not use the same version of this earlier text. This could also explain why the text in Mk 6,45-8,26 is missing from Luke.
- The two source hypothesis requires a _second source_, called Q. The problem is that this source is not mentioned in the many fragments of early Christian texts that were found, or in the early Christian Church tradition.
Favicon

A **favicon** is a small image (known as an icon) that is used to identify a website or webpage.

This type of icon (also known as a **favorite icon** or **favorites icon**) is usually a square image that is only 16 pixels in height and 16 pixels in width. However, modern browsers, especially those installed on smartphones, can display bigger favicons that are 32 pixels or 64 pixels in size. When a favicon is included in a webpage it can be seen next to a browser's address bar, inside a browser's tab (often to the left of the title of the tab), or in the browser's Favorites' or Bookmarks' list.

## Related pages

- GIMP
- Internet Explorer
- Mozilla Firefox
- Web
- Internet

## Other websites

- How to Add a Favicon to your Site
Henry Rollins

**Henry Rollins** (born February 13, 1961 in Washington D.C.) is an American singer, writer and actor. After a few wild years in the punk rock band Black Flag, he started his own metal band, the Rollins Band. Rollins is now a solo artist. He often tours in many countries performing spoken-word concerts.

## Other websites

- Henry Rollins' website
Tay-Sachs disease

**Tray-Sachs disease** (also called **Tray-Sachs syndrome**) is a disease that causes problems with the metabolism of fat. Tay-Sachs is caused by a lack of the enzyme Hexosaminidase A.

Tay-Sachs is a genetic disease. It happens when Chromosome 15 has a genetic problem. The problem is caused by a defective HEXA gene. It is recessive, which means both parents must give the baby the defective gene for the baby to have Tay-Sachs. One in every twenty seven Jewish American has one defective gene and can give Tay-Sachs the defective gene to their child. The disease is very rare. It is most common in Jewish families. There is a blood test to see if a person has the Tay Sachs gene. This blood test has helped reduce the number of babies born with Tay-Sachs. In the 1800’s, there were 60 new cases and in the 21st century there were 5.

Infants with the Tay-Sachs gene from both parents usually die of pneumonia or other infections during their first four years of life. Some symptoms include: lack of energy, loss of vision and motor skills (paralyzation), and seizures.  Tay–Sachs disease is usually first noticed in infants around six months old. They show an abnormally strong response to sudden noises or other stimulus. This is called the "startle response". The child may also be listlessness or have muscle stiffness (hypertonia). The disease is classified into several forms, which are based on the age when the neurological symptoms began. There is no known treatment for this disease.

The disease is named after Warren Tay and Bernard Sachs who first described the disease in the late 19th century. After the discovery, he noticed a red spot on the retina of a one year old child. The child was experiencing the same symptoms of the disease. Bernard Sachs was a neurologist from the United States. He was the first person to describe the cellular changes from the disease. In 1969, researchers discovered that Tay-Sachs is caused by a lack of the enzyme Hexosaminidase A.
Joseph Swan

Sir **Joseph Wilson Swan** (31 October 1828–27 May 1914) was an English physicist and chemist who was well known because he created the incandescent light bulb, about a year before Thomas Edison.  His house was the first in the world to be lit by electric light bulbs.

In 1904, Swan was knighted, awarded the Royal Society's Hughes Medal, and was made an honorary member of the Pharmaceutical Society. He had already received the highest award in France, the Légion d'honneur, when he visited an international exhibition in Paris in 1881. The exhibition included exhibits of his inventions, and the city was lit with electric light, thanks to Swan's invention.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Joseph Wilson Swan
- **image**: Joseph_Wilson_Swan.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Photograph of Swan, c.1900
- **birth place**: Bishopwearmouth, Sunderland, England
- **death place**: Warlingham, England
- **nationality**: United Kingdom, British
- **field**: physics
chemistry
- **known for**: incandescent light bulb
Atom Egoyan

**Atom Egoyan,** OC ()  (born July 19, 1960) is a Canadian-Armenian movie maker.  His work often explores themes of alienation and isolation. Egoyan's movies often follow non-linear plot-structures, in which events are placed out of sequence in order to elicit specific emotional reactions from the audience by withholding important information.

## Movies

- _Where the Truth Lies_ - 2005 murder mystery starring Kevin Bacon and Colin Firth.
Standard asteroid physical characteristics

The **standard asteroid physical characteristics** of an asteroid include, but can also include things other than: diameter, mass, density, surface gravity, escape velocity, rotation period, spectral class, absolute magnitude, albedo, and surface temperature, or what the temperature is on the asteroid.
Crowded House

**Crowded House** are a New Zealand-Australian rock group. They formed in 1985 in Melbourne, led by New Zealand singer-songwriter Neil Finn. Finn is the main songwriter and creative director of the band. He has led it through several changes. The band has people from a few different countries: from New Zealand (Neil and his brother, Tim Finn and Eddie Rayner), Australia (Paul Hester, Nick Seymour, Peter Jones and Craig Hooper) and the United States (Mark Hart, and Matt Sherrod). Crowded House are referred to as _The Crowdies_ by Australian fans.
Originally active from 1985 to 1996, the band has had consistent commercial and critical success in Australia and New Zealand and international chart success in two phases, beginning with their self-titled debut album, _Crowded House_, which reached number twelve on the US Album Chart in 1987 and provided the Top Ten hits, "Don't Dream It's Over" and "Something So Strong". Further international success came in the UK and Europe with their third and fourth albums, _Woodface_ and _Together Alone_ and the compilation album _Recurring Dream_, which included the hits "Fall at Your Feet", "Weather with You", "Distant Sun", "Locked Out", "Instinct" and "Not the Girl You Think You Are".

Founding drummer Hester left in May 1994, citing family reasons, but returned for their _Farewell to the World_ concerts in Melbourne and Sydney in 1996. Neil Finn had decided to end the band to concentrate on his solo career and the Finn Brothers project with Tim. On 26 March 2005 Hester committed suicide, aged 46.

In 2006, the group re-formed with new drummer Matt Sherrod. They have since released three albums, "Time on Earth" (2007), "Intriguer" (2010) and "Dreamers Are Waiting" (2021).

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Crowded House
- **img**: Crowded House.jpg
- **img alt**: Five men are standing close together on a stage and smiling. Behind the five men is more band equipment and the background contains considerable English text.
- **img capt**: Crowded House, August 2007 (L–R)
 Liam Finn, Matt Sherrod, Mark Hart, Neil Finn, Nick Seymour
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia
- **genre**: Rock music ,  Rock, pop rock, alternative rock
- **years active**: –1996,
–2011,
–present
- **label**: Capitol Records, Capitol
ATO Records, ATO
- **associated acts**: Split Enz
Finn Brothers
Tarmac Adam
Liam Finn
- **url**: [http://www.crowdedhouse.com/ crowdedhouse.com]
- **current members**: Neil Finn
Mark Hart
Nick Seymour
Matt Sherrod
- **past members**: Liam Finn
Tim Finn
Paul Hester
Craig Hooper
Peter Jones (drummer), Peter Jones
Eddie Rayner
Maiden voyage

**Maiden voyage** is the name given to the first trip a ship makes after it has been launched. Sometimes important people will go on the maiden voyage including politicians, business people and celebrities.
Riaz Shahid

**Riaz Shahid** (1927 - October 1, 1972) was a noted Pakistani filmmaker, movie writer, and journalist. His real name was _Sheikh Riaz_, but was called by his nickname _Shahid_.  Riaz was from Lahore where he started his career as a journalist for newspaper _Chataan_ and later joined Faiz Ahmed Faiz's _Lail-o-Nihar_. He also wrote a novel named _Hazar Dastaan_.

In 1962, Riaz started his movie career as a director for the movie _Susraal_. From this point onwards, he went on to direct several hits like _Zarqa_, _Shaheed_, _Farangi_, and _Yeh Aman_.

Riaz Shahid was married to then famous actress Neelo and had three children. The first child their daughter was named _Zarqa_ followed by two sons Shaan, who is now a well known Pakistani movie actor and _Sarosh_, who also worked in a couple of Pakistani movies.

Riaz died of leukemia in 1972.
Neelo

**Neelo** (born **Abida Riaz**; 30 June 1940 – 30 January 2021) was an actress from Lahore City. She was the mother of the movie actor Shaan. She was born June 29, 1945 in Bhera, near Sargodha.

Later, when she got married to Riaz Shahid she changed her name to Abida Riaz, and also became a Muslim. Shahid died in 1972, but Riaz has kept her name the same.

Neelo died of cancer on 30 January 2021 in Abbottabad at the age of 80.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Neelo
- **birth name**: Cynthia Alexander Fernandes
- **birth place**: Bhera,  Punjab Province (British India), Punjab, British India
- **death place**: Abbottabad, Pakistan
- **othername**: Abida Riaz
- **occupation**: Movie actor, actress
- **years active**: 1955–2005
- **spouse**: Riaz Shahid (died in October 1972)
- **family**: Shaan Shahid (son)
High on Fire

**High on Fire** is an American heavy metal band. It was started by guitar player Matt Pike. He used to be in the band Asleep. The band has released 4 albums.

## Discography

- Studio albums
|rowspan="3"|Year|rowspan="3"|Album details|colspan="7"|Peak chart positions|||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2000|_The Art of Self Defense_ * Released: February 7, 2000 * Label: Man's Ruin Records * Format: CD, LP, 2XLP, DL|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|
|2002|_Surrounded by Thieves_ * Released: March 28, 2002 * Label: Relapse Records * Format: CD, LP, 2XLP, DL|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|
|2005|_Blessed Black Wings_ * Released: February 1, 2005 * Label: Relapse Records * Format: CD, LP, 2XLP, DL|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|40|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|–|
|2007|_Death Is This Communion_ * Released: September 10, 2007 * Label: Relapse Records * Format: CD, LP, 2XLP, DL|style="text-align:center;"|22|style="text-align:center;"|18|style="text-align:center;"|10|style="text-align:center;"|2|style="text-align:center;"|–|style="text-align:center;"|142|style="text-align:center;"|–|
|2018|_Electric Messiah_ * Released: October 5, 2018 * Label: E1 Music * Format: CD, LP, 2XLP, DL|colspan="7"||||||||||||||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: High on Fire
- **img**: HF2022HighOnFire 4.jpg
- **img capt**: High on Fire in 2022
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Oakland, California
- **genre**: Stoner Metal
 Sludge Metal
 Doom Metal
- **years active**: 1999-present
- **label**: Relapse
 Man's Ruin
 Koch
- **associated acts**: Sleep
- **url**: http://www.highonfire.net
- **current members**: Matt Pike
 Jeff Matz
 Des Kensel
- **past members**: Joe Preston
 George Rice
Indian rhinoceros

The **Indian rhinoceros** or the **Asian one-horned rhinoceros** (_Rhinoceros unicornis_) is a large mammal primarily found in Pakistan, north-eastern India, Nepal and parts of Bhutan. It lives in the tall grasslands and forests in the foothills of the Himalayas.

Rhinoceros was hunted for sport, and is now poached because its horn is used for traditional Chinese medicine (alternative medicine).
Augusto Righi

**Augusto Righi** (27 August 1850 – 8 June 1920) was an Italian physicist who was a big part in the study of electromagnetism. He was born and died in Bologna.

In 1872 and 1880 in Bologna, he was researching mostly in electrostatics. He became an ordinary professor in physics at the University of Palermo in 1880, when he was there he studied the transfer of heat and electricity in bismuth. From 1885 to 1889 he was a professor at the University of Padua (Padova), studying the photoelectric effect. In late 1889 he went to the University of Bologna, where he worked for the rest of his life on things like the Zeeman Effect, 'Roentgen rays', and magnetism.

## Other websites

- Righi  at chem.ch.huji.ac.il

- The professor of G. Marconi. http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/augustorighi.html
Fountain Hills

**Fountain Hills** is a town in the Maricopa County of Arizona. It is close to Phoenix and Scottsdale. Fountain Hills has the 4th largest fountain in the world, which goes off every hour for 15 minutes. The general entertainment consists in the local high school sporting events.
Yu-Gi-Oh! (trading card game)

The **_Yu-Gi-Oh!_ Trading Card Game** is a Japanese-American card game developed and published by Konami. It is based on the fictional game of _Duel Monsters_, which is the main story for the anime series _Yu-Gi-Oh!_. It is played around the world, but mostly in Japan, North America, Europe and Australia. It was first sold to the public in 1999. In 2009 it broke the world record for most trading cards sold.

_Yu-Gi-Oh!_ is a trading card game in which players draw cards from separate decks and take turns playing cards. The game is like a battle, and the cards have different uses to help the player win the battle. There is one deck of cards for each player. Each deck contains 40 to 60 cards. Each player also has an optional "extra deck" of up to 15 cards that are used in certain situations. There is also a 15-card "side deck", which allows players to modify their deck between games. Players are only allowed three of the same card per deck and side deck. Each player starts with a certain number of "Life Points". To win the game, a player usually has to reduce their opponent's Life Points to zero. This is usually achieved by using "monster" cards to attack the monster cards of the opponent or damage the opponent's life points. The other two card types are "spells" and "traps". There are many, many types of spells and traps. For example, these cards' effects may eliminate an opponent's card, counter the effects of an opponent's card, or retrieve a specific card from one's own deck, to name just a few. Most monster cards also have extra abilities of their own.

There are several video games based on this game. One of which is _Yu-Gi-Oh! Master Duel_, a digital equivalent to the physical trading card game.Another popular game based on the trading card game is Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Links, where you play smaller scale duels called “speed duels” while playing as characters from the anime.
Weston-on-Trent

**Weston-on-Trent** is a village and parish in Derbyshire. It is to the north of the River Trent. At the 2004 census there were about 800 people in the village aged sixteen to seventy-four years.

|style="text-align: left;"|**The Domesday Book:** "Weston-on-Trent is spelt as _Westune_ or _Westone_ in the Domesday Book. Weston is listed amongst  the small proportion of manors that are owned directly by the king. In 1086, the book notes that > "In Weston-On-Trent" with its  Ælfgar, (Earl of Mercia) had ten  of land and two and a half  to the .  There is land for as many ploughs.  There are now three ploughs in  and twenty four  and six  having twelve ploughs and for rent-paying tenants paying sixteen shillings.  There are two churches and a priest and a mill rendering ten shillings and four pence and a fishpond and a ferry rendering thirteen shillings and four pence and fifty one acres of meadow and a pasture half a league long and three furlongs broad.  Value sixteen pounds (TRE eight pounds)"|
| --- | --- |
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 85%;"|— **Note:** Berewicks (outlying estates) of this manor, at that time, included Aston-on-Trent and Shardlow. Earlier evidence dated 1009 place Weston on Trent at the head of an estate which went as far as the Derwent and included not only Shardlow and Aston but also Wilne.|

In 1009 Æþelræd Unræd (King Ethelred the Unready) signed a document  which agreed the size of Weston. The document shows that Weston owned the crossings of the River Trent. These crossings were for one of the roads going up or down England. The land was at Weston upon Trent and at Morley, Smalley, Ingleby, Crich and Kidsley. This land was given to Morcar, the King's chief minister. Morcar could decide a person's life or death without the King.
Sochi

**Sochi** (Russuan:Со́чи) is a city in Russia on the Black Sea coast. It is in Krasnodar Krai, a Russian federal subject. The 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2014 Winter Paralympics were played there. The Sochi Olympic Stadium was also used to host 2018 FIFA World Cup football matches. Sochi is also a popular health resort. It is one of very few places in Russia with a humid subtropical climate (_Cfa_ in the Köppen climate classification).

## Other websites

- Official site of XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi
Hiccups

A **hiccup** (also spelled hiccough) is sudden tightening of the diaphragm, which is a muscle inside the chest and below the lungs that causes air to be pulled in. A short time after the diaphragm contracts, the throat suddenly closes. This closing stops the air from flowing in, and results in the "hic" sound that gives "hiccups" its name. A hiccup is a reflex, a kind of action happens in the body without trying. Hiccups often repeat several times per minute, and end on their own after a few minutes.

Sometimes a single hiccup happens, or they may happen over and over, a few times each minute, in a series called a _bout_ of hiccups. Hiccups are rhytmic. This means the time between one hiccup and the next usually doesn't change much. A bout of hiccups generally ends by itself, without having to doing anything to end it on purpose.

Many home remedies (cures) are often tried to attempt to shorten how long the hiccups last, because hiccups can be uncomfortable and make it hard to pay attention to other things. It is rare that medical help is necessary because it is rare that they last long enough to cause any harm.

Hiccups may be triggered (started) by several common human conditions such as swallowing air, eating very quickly, and laughing for a long time. They can also be caused by some drugs and by some diseases.

The reason that people hiccup is not known for sure. A leading theory (idea) is that hiccups evolved to help human babies and other young mammals obtain milk more easily during breastfeeding. This is related to the pattern that hiccups often happen when a bubble of air forms below the diaphragm and takes up space in the belly.
Napoleonic era

The **Napoléonic era** was a time in the history of France and Europe. This era existed during the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution. It is the time when Napoleon ruled France. The Napoleonic era begins  when Napoléon Bonaparte began to rule by overthrowing the government of France which was then called the Directory, creating the French Consulate.  The era ends with Hundred Days and his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo (November 9, 1799 - June 28, 1815). Afterwards, the Congress of Vienna tried to bring Europe back to pre-French Revolution days.

It was a time of many wars in Europe.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Napoléonic era
- **image skyline**: Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project.jpg
- **image size**: 190px
- **image caption**: The Emperor Napoléon in His Study at the Tuileries by Jacques-Louis David
- **established title**: Started
- **established date**: 1799
- **extinct title**: Ended
- **extinct date**: 1815
- **leader title**: Monarch
- **leader name**: Napoléon Bonaparte
VIPoma

A **VIPoma**  (Pronounced "V I P oma") (also called **Verner Morrison syndrome** after the doctors who first noticed it), is a tumor that does not happen a lot (1 per 10,000,000 per year) in the pancreas. VIPoma makes something called vasoactive intestinal peptide, or VIP.  It can do bad things to the heart, brain, gut, gallbladder, and more.

## Treatment

Octreotide (a somatostatin analogue) can be used to help symptoms. Surgery is the only thing that will make it go away completely.
2 Esdras

**2 Esdras** is the name of a book in many English versions of the Bible. It is a Deuterocanonical book. This means it is a book of the Christian Old Testament that is not part of the Jewish Bible.  The original Hebrew version has been lost, but it is known from other languages.
Achlorhydria

**Achlorhydria** and **hypochlorhydria** is when there is very little, or no gastric acid in the stomach. It can come with other medical problems.

## Signs

The lowering acid level itself can make symptoms similar to gastroesophageal reflux disease, and hinders protein digestion by holding back the enzyme pepsin. Pepsin needs a low gastric PH to become active. Low acid levels in the stomach are also linked with bacteria growing too much, which can stop the body taking in nutrients or vitamins.
Adenoid

**Adenoids** (also called **pharyngeal tonsils**, or **nasopharyngeal tonsils**) are tissues at the very back of the nose.  They are in the part of the nose where is joins the mouth.

In most children they make a soft bump on the top and back section of the nose's air passage.

Taking away adenoids with surgery is called adenoidectomy.
Phlegm

**Phlegm** (said: flem) is sticky fluid hidden by the mucous membranes of humans and animals.
Mobile home

A **mobile home**, or **house trailer**, is a moving home which can be pulled behind a truck, tractor or strong car on major roads. Some mobile homes have multiple sections, such as with a double-wide trailer, which can be joined together after being pulled onto a lot as separate trailers. Some also have front or back porches which can be joined outside the doors of the house trailer. Mobile homes can also be referred to as simply trailers or caravans.
Mobile homes are usually left in one location permanently, but they have possibility to move in emergencies or other events.
Konstantin Rokossovsky

**Konstanty Rokossovsky**, Polish: _Konstanty Rokossowski_, (21 December 1896 in Warsaw - 3 August 1968 in Moscow) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union (1944), a Marshal of Poland (1949), and twice a Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945).

In World War II he commanded an army in the Moscow battle, Bryansk, and Donskoy fronts (in the Stalingrad battle).
Grand Theft Auto IV

***Grand Theft Auto IV*** is a 2008 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It is the sixth main entry in the _Grand Theft Auto_ series, following 2004's _Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas_, and the eleventh instalment overall. Set in the fictional Liberty City, based on New York City, the single-player story follows Russian war veteran Niko Bellic and his attempts to escape his past while under pressure from high-profile criminals. The open world lets players freely roam Liberty City, consisting of three main islands, and the neighbouring state of Alderney, which is based on New Jersey.

Its successor, _Grand Theft Auto V_, was released in 2013.

## Gameplay

_Grand Theft Auto IV_ has the same basic gameplay from the earlier games in the series. The player can walk, run, swim, climb, jump and use weapons and basic hand-to-hand combat. Players can steal and drive many types of cars, boats, helicopters and motorcycles. Players can explore and choose how they want to play the game. Players can complete missions, but these are not needed to get farther into the game to open content. When the player does a crime and the police see it, they will start to follow the player and try to catch him.

## Radio Stations

There are 22 Radio Stations in GTA IV and EFLC.

- The Vibe 98.8
- Liberty Rock Radio 97.8
- Jazz Nation Radio 108.5
- Massive B Soundsystem 96.9
- K109 The Studio
- Self Actualization FM
- We Know The Truth
- Vice City FM
- Liberty City Hardcore
- The Journey
- Fusion FM
- The Beat 102.7
- Ram Jam FM
- Radio Broker
- Vladivostok FM
- Public Liberty Radio
- San Juan Sounds
- Electro Choc
- The Classics 104.1
- International Funk
- Tuff Gong Radio
- Integrity 2.0

## Random characters

There are 14, 3 and 3 Random characters in GTA IV, TLaD and TBoGT meet all over the city.

### GTA IV

- Brian Meech (Justin Reinsilber)
- Real Badman (Seeborn†)
- Mel (Larry Fleischman)
- Ilyena Faustin (Marcy McGuigan)
- Hossan Ramzy (Sean T. Krishnan)
- Sara (Deborah Yates)
- Pathos (David S. Shaw)
- Jeff Harlingford (Harry Chase)
- Cherise Glover (Ja'Tovia Gary)
- Marnie Allen (Reyna de Courcy)
- Eddie Low (Victor Verhaeghe)
- Ivan Bytchkov (Lev Gorn)
- Clarence Little (Jerry Clicquot)
- Gracie Ancelotti (Rebecca Benhayon)

### TLaD

- Dave Grossman (Jay Patterson)
- Malc (Walter Mudu)
- Brian Jeremy (Adrian Martinez)

### TBoGT

- Arnaud (Simon Jutras)
- Margot Summers (Sarah Clements)
- Daisy Cash-Cooze (Elizabeth Jasicki)

## Reception

_Grand Theft Auto IV_ was praised for having more realistic graphics and story.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Grand Theft Auto IV
- **image**: GTA IV logo.svg
- **developer**: Rockstar North
- **publisher**: Rockstar Games
- **producer**: Leslie Benzies
- **artist**: Aaron Garbut
- **composer**: Michael Hunter (composer), Michael Hunter
- **series**: _Grand Theft Auto_
- **engine**: Rockstar Advanced Game Engine, RAGE
- **released**: **PlayStation 3**, **Xbox 360****Microsoft Windows**
- **genre**: Action-adventure
- **modes**: Single-player, multiplayer
Secure Digital card

The **Secure Digital card** (**SD card**) is a kind of memory card. Such cards are often used to store images or data in digital cameras. As of 2008, different capacities between 4 MiB and 32 GiB have been made. The card has a rectangular design, but one edge is _chipped off_. This means that the cards cannot be inserted into the cameras (or other devices) the wrong way.

There are different kinds of cards:

- Those labeled _SD_, with capacities up to 2 GiB
- Those labeled _SDHC_, with capacities between 4 GiB and 32 GiB
- Those labeled _SDXC_, with capacities of up to 2 TiB
- Those labeled _SDUC_, with capacities over 2 TiB

SD and SDHC are not compatible, but devices that accept SDHC also accept SD cards. The interface of SDHC and SDXC cards is the same, but SDXC uses a different file system. Some devices (for example the Wii) that originally shipped only with support for SD can be made to support SDHC with a firmware update.

There are also different _classes_. These refer to the read and write speeds. Currently in use are _Class 2_ - which means 2 MB/s, _Class 4_ - 4 MB/s and _Class 6_ at 6 MB/s. The problem with this is that different manufacturers measure different things with it, some measure write speeds, others read speeds. There are also differences because some give guarantees, and others simply say that the speeds they indicate are the maximum achievable under good conditions.

Still another measurement is called _rating_. A rating of 1 corresponds to 150 kB/s, the read speed of the CD. That way, a class 2 is equal to a speed of 13x.

microSD cards do the same thing but are much smaller.
Gold Coast

**Gold Coast** could mean:

## Africa

- Ghana on the Gold Coast (region) in west Africa, which was made up of the following colonies:
    - Gold Coast (British colony), British colony on the Gulf of Guinea in west Africa
    - Brandenburger Gold Coast, former German colony
    - Danish Gold Coast, former Danish colony
    - Dutch Gold Coast, former Dutch colony
    - Portuguese Gold Coast, former Portuguese colony
    - Swedish Gold Coast, former Swedish colony

## Australia

- Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Natasha Bedingfield

**Natasha Bedingfield** (born 26 November 1981) is an English singer-songwriter. She was born in West Sussex and was raised in Lewisham, South London. Her music genres are rock, R&B and pop. Her albums are _Unwritten_ (which contains the hit single of the same name), _N.B._ (the U.S. title is _Pocketful of Sunshine_) and _Strip Me_ (released in 2010). Some of the most famous songs by her are _Unwritten_, _Say It Again_, _Soulmate_, _These Words_ and _I Bruise Easily_. One of her two brothers is singer Daniel Bedingfield; her sister is singer Nikola Rachelle.

## Songs

- I Wanna Have Your Babies
- Love Like This
- Pocketful of Sunshine
- Soulmate
- Strip Me
- These Words
- Unwritten

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Natasha Bedingfield
- **img**: Natasha_Bedingfield_profile.jpg
- **img capt**: Natasha Bedingfield at a women's cancer Charitable organization, charity event
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Haywards Heath, West Sussex, England, United Kingdom
- **origin**: London, England
- **years active**: 2000s – present
- **url**: http://www.natashabedingfield.com/
Dje

**Dje** (Ђ, ђ), is the sixth letter of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian language to represent the sound , a palatalisation, similar to the English sound of letter "j" . It was created on model Cyrillic letter **ћ** by Vuk Karadžić.
Serbian Cyrillic alphabet

The **Serbian Cyrillic alphabet** (, _srpska/Vukova ćirilica_, literally "_Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet_") is the official and traditional alphabet used to write the Serbian language.

## The alphabet

The following table gives the upper and lower letters forms of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, along with the Serbian Latin equivalent and the IPA value for each letter:

|align="left"|_Cyrillic Alphabet_ _Latin alphabet_ _IPA_||А а A||Б <span lang="sr">б</span> B||В в V||Г г G||Д д D||Ђ ђ Đ||Е е E||Ж ж Ž||З з Z||И и I|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|_Cyrillic Alphabet_ _Latin alphabet_ _IPA_||Ј ј J||К к K||Л л L||Љ љ Lj||М м M||Н н N||Њ њ Nj||О о O||П п P||Р р R|
|align="left"|_Cyrillic Alphabet_ _Latin alphabet_ _IPA_||С с S||Т т T||Ћ ћ Ć||У у U||Ф ф F||Х х H||Ц ц C||Ч ч Č||Џ џ Dž||Ш ш Š|

## References

- Omniglot - Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian
- Serbian Alphabet
Rhinoceros (genus)

The genus ***Rhinoceros*** of the family Rhinocerotidae includes the one-horned rhinoceroses, of which there are two extant species: the Indian rhinoceros (_R. unicornis_) and the Javan rhinoceros (_R. sondaicus_). These are characterized by one horn (actually thickly matted hair) on the upper snout.
Sumatran rhinoceros

The **Sumatran Rhinoceros** (_Dicerorhinus sumatrensis_) is a member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant rhinoceroses. It is the smallest rhinoceros, standing about 120–145 centimetres (3.9–4.8 ft) high at the shoulder, with a body length of 250 centimetres (98 in) and weight of 500–800 kilograms (1100–1760 lb).

The Sumatran rhinoceros is a small, hairy rhinoceros which survives in limited numbers in pockets of Indonesian and Malaysian rain forests. Only the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary in Borneo has had Sumatran rhinos in captivity since 2015. The Sumatran Rhino has an average lifespan of about 30 to 40 years.
Integrated Services Digital Network

**Integrated Services Digital Network** is an international standard for a communication network. It is often shortened to **ISDN**. It is used for telephone lines. Before ISDN, telephone lines were mainly seen as a way for people to make phone calls, so the main idea was to use circuit switching. When a phone call is made, a line is set up between the two participants. This phone call is analogue. With ISDN, this view changes. As the signal is now digital ISDN can be used to offer a number of services, which use the telephone line to transport data. There were different services, like telex or teleprinters before ISDN, but they used their own networks. At specific locations, there were gateways between these networks. With ISDN, this changes. There is only one network, and it offers different services. Some of them are for voice, to make phone calls, others are for data, for example to send telefaxes.

## Channels

ISDN offers a number of data channels, and a signalling channel. The data channels carry the actual service data. The two data channels are completely independent and can be used independently. The usual setup has two such data channels. That way, it is possible to send a fax through one channel, while doing a phone call over the other channel, for example. If the main focus is on a high quality voice connection, the two channels can be combined into one single channel carrying twice the amount of a single channel enhancing the quality dramatically.

For larger companies it is possible to extend the number of data channels to 30 with still one signalling channel.
Werdenberg

**Werdenberg** is a historical village in the canton of St. Gallen. It lies just outside Buchs. Today, between 55 and 60 people live there. There are about 40 houses, some of them only used for holidays. Werdenberg has a castle, which is often visited by tourists.

There was a county of Werdenberg. It included the city itself, the villages  of Grabs, Buchs, Sevelen and the right to judge in Wartau. The first count of Werdenberg died in 1182. In 1402, his successors let the county to the Count of Montfort-Tettnang. In 1485, it was sold to the City of Lucerne. In 1517, it was sold to the Canton of Glarus. During Napoleon's reign in Switzerland (called the Helvetic Republic, 1798-1803), Werdenberg was made part of the _Canton of Linth_ (which also included the modern-day Canton of Glarus, and parts of the Canton of Schwyz). After the end of the reign, Werdenberg was made part of the canton of St. Gallen.
Khat

**Khat** is a flowering plant native to tropical East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It is also known as **qat**, **qaat**, **quat**, **gat**, **jaad**, **chat**, **chad**, **chaad**, **miraa** and **jimaa**. The plant is grown commercially in Kenya, Ethiopia, Oman, and Yemen.

Khat is a shrub. When grown commercially, the shrubs grow to a size of about 5m, in the wild they can reach about 20m.

Khat is used as a stimulant in Eritrea, Somalia, and  Yemen the effects are comparable to those of drinking tea or coffee.

## Problems

There are some problems with Khat. People can become psychologically addicted to the drug. Many anti-drug organisations, such as the Drug Enforcement Administration target this drug.  It is illegal to use in many countries, though not in Yemen.

Khat is very popular in Yemen.  Much of the country's farming resources are used for it because farmers get more money than for other cash crop<nowiki/>s.  It is estimated that 40% of the country's water supply goes towards irrigating it.  Its production is said to increase by about 10% to 15% every year.  It uses so much water that groundwater levels in the Sana'a basin are getting lower.  For this reason, government officials have proposed to move large portions of the population of Sana'a to the coast of the Red Sea.

Some studies done in 2001 estimated that the income from growing khat was about 2.5 million Yemeni rials per hectare, while it was only 0.57 million rials per hectare if fruits were grown.  This is a strong reason farmers prefer to grow khat over coffee and fruits.  It is estimated that between 1970 and 2000, the area on which khat was cultivated grew from 8,000 hectares to 103,000 hectares.
Matsui Keishirō

**Matsui Keishirō** (, 28 March 1868 - 4 June 1946) was a Japanese diplomat during the Showa period and later Minister of Foreign Affairs. He graduated from the Law School of Tokyo Imperial University in 1889, and entered the Foreign Ministry the same year. In 1890, he was given a post in the Japanese embassy in Seoul in 1890, and in 1895 was sent to the United States. In April 1889, he served in London. In 1902, he was re-assigned to Beijing. He returned to Japan in 1913.

During World War I, Matsui served as Japanese Ambassador to France from November, 1915. When he finished this mission, he was awarded with the title of baron (_danshaku_) under the _kazoku_ peerage system. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 7 January to 11 June 1924 under the government of Kiyoura Keigo.

## More readings

- Phillips Payson O'Brien 2004. The Anglo-Japanese alliance, 1902-1922, Routledge,
.aq

**.aq** is the Internet country code top-level domain for Antarctica. It is taken from the French .

.aq domain names are available for free, and registration is granted in a time of 24 months.

sv:Toppdomän#A

## Infobox (top level domain)

- **name**: .aq
- **image**: Flag of Antarctica.svg
- **introduced**: February 26, 1992
- **type**: Country code top-level domain
- **sponsor**: Mott and Associates
- **intendeduse**: Entities connected with Antarctica
- **restrictions**: Must be in Antarctica or be a government agency signatory to the Antarctic Treaty
- **structure**: Registrations are taken at second level
- **document**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20150711181433/http://www.gobin.info/domainname/aq.txt Registration form]
- **disputepolicy**: None
- **website**: None
Country code

**Country codes** are in most times created by few letters or numbers that represent geographical codes (geocodes) of countries that use certain country code, it is in use in data processing and communications. There are few different systems created for this. The most known is ISO 3166-1. The term _country code_ often refers to international dialing codes.
National Capital Region (Canada)

The **National Capital Region** () is an official federal name for the Canadian capital of Ottawa, Ontario, and neighbouring Gatineau, Quebec, and the area near them. The National Capital Region covers an area of 3,171 square kilometres (1,224 square miles). It has a population of 1,308,490. The Ottawa part of the region is part of the eastern subregion of Ontario. There is also a larger metropolitan area, called the Ottawa-Gatineau CMA. It is the only CMA in Canada to include parts of two provinces. It has an area of 8,047 square kilometres (3,107 square miles) and a population of 1,488,307.

The National Capital Region is not a separate political jurisdiction, although the National Capital Commission is deeply involved in political, cultural, and land use planning matters in the National Capital Region. Proposals have sometimes been made to separate the National Capital Region from its two respective provinces, and transform it into a separate capital district, like the District of Columbia in the United States or the Australian Capital Territory. Such proposals have never come close to passage, and there does not currently appear to be any political will or necessity to pursue this option.

## Cities, towns, and populations within Ottawa-Gatineau CMA

|colspan=4|_Ottawa - Gatineau CMA 2021 population by census subdivision_|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Arnprior|Ontario|Town||
|Beckwith|Ontario|Township||
|Bowman|Quebec|Municipality||
|Cantley|Quebec|Municipality||
|Carleton Place|Ontario|Town||
|Chelsea|Quebec|Municipality||
|Clarence-Rockland|Ontario|City||
|Denholm|Quebec|Municipality||
|Gatineau|Quebec|Ville||
|La Pêche|Quebec|Municipality||
|L'Ange-Gardien|Quebec|Municipality||
|Lochaber|Quebec|Township||
|Lochaber-Partie-Ouest|Quebec|Township||
|Mayo|Quebec|Municipality||
|McNab/Braeside|Ontario|Township||
|Mississippi Mills|Ontario|Town||
|Mulgrave-et-Derry|Quebec|Municipality||
|North Grenville|Ontario|Municipality||
|Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette|Quebec|Municipality||
|Ottawa|Ontario|City||
|Pontiac|Quebec|Municipality||
|Russell|Ontario|Township||
|Thurso|Quebec|Ville||
|Val-des-Bois|Quebec|Municipality||
|Val-des-Monts|Quebec|Municipality||
|**Total CMA**|**—**|**—**|****|

## Other websites

- National Capital Commission - Commission de la capitale nationale
Gatineau

**Gatineau** (as of 2021 census population 291,041) is a city in western Quebec, Canada. It is on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, immediately across from Ottawa, Ontario, within Canada's National Capital Region. Ottawa and Gatineau comprise a single Census Metropolitan Area.
Orientability

In the Euclidean space, _R<sup>3</sup>_ is called **orientable** if a two-dimensional figure (for example, ) cannot be moved around the surface and back to where it started so that it looks like its own mirror image (). Otherwise the surface is **non-orientable**. A concept connected to this is chirality. This means that no matter what, a human right hand, cannot be rotated in such a way that it becomes a human left hand. The right hand is therefore orientable.
Manzanillo, Colima

**Manzanillo** is a city in Colima in Mexico.  The city has the busiest port in Mexico.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Manzanillo
- **image seal**: Manzanillo.jpg
- **shield size**: 90px
- **pushpin map**: Mexico
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Mexico
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Colima
- **subdivision type2**: Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Manzanillo Municipality, Colima, Manzanillo
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Virgilio Mendoza Amezcua (National Action Party (Mexico), PAN)
- **area blank1 title**: Municipality
- **area blank1 km2**: 1578.4
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 161,420
- **timezone**: Central Standard Time, CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation m**: 20
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 28200 through 28887
Los Mochis

**Los Mochis** is a city in Sinaloa, Mexico. In 2005, the population was 231,977.
Real analysis

**Real analysis** is an area of mathematics that deals with sets and sequences of real numbers, as well as functions of one or more real variables. It provides a rigorous logical foundation to calculus, the study of continuous change.

As one of the main branches of mathematical analysis, it can be seen as the real-number counterpart of complex analysis, which deals with complex numbers. Many results in real analysis are special cases of results in complex analysis.

## Related pages

- Derivative (mathematics)
- Functional analysis
Cabo Corrientes

**Cabo Corrientes** is a cape on the Pacific coast of Mexico. It is the most southern point of the Bahía de Banderas.
Homeland

A **homeland** (also called **country of origin** and **native land**) is the concept of a territory (cultural geography) with which an ethnic group holds a long history and a deep cultural association. It is the country in which a particular national identity began.