juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kathy Ireland

**Kathleen Marie "Kathy" Ireland** (born March 20, 1963 in Glendale, California) is an American fashion model, actress and businesswoman. She has been featured in _Sports Illustrated_ swimsuit issue thirteen times and been on the cover three times. She also acted in several movies and television programs. Her licensing company, Kathy Ireland Worldwide, is responsible for most of her approximately $420 million wealth.
Biff Elliot

**Biff Elliot** (born **Leon Shalek**; July 26, 1923 – August 15, 2012) was an American television, stage, voice, radio, and movie actor. He is best known for his role as Mike Hammer in the 1953 movie _I, the Jury_, and as his guest appearance in the _Star Trek_ episode "The Devil in the Dark".

Elliot was born **Leon Shalek** on July 26, 1923, in Lynn, Massachusetts to Jack and Susan Elliot, he served in the army and later attended the University of Maine. After he graduated in 1949 he began acting and later appeared in 100 of movies and television programs, his career began and known after his role in _I, the Jury_ in 1953.

Elliot was married to Betty Dole from 1948 until her death in 1974. He lastly married Connie Elliot from 1977 until his death in 2012. Elliot died on August 15, 2012, in his Studio City, California home from natural causes, he was 89 years old.

## Other websites

- Official Website
Phil Leeds

**Phil Leeds** (April 6, 1916 – August 16, 1998) was an American television and movie actor. Leeds' eyes, rubbery face and wizened made him known in movies and his guest appearances in television programs such as in; _The Dick Van Dyke Show_, _Roseanne_, _The Golden Girls_, _Three's Comapany_, _Friends_, _Everybody Loves Raymond_, _Wings_, _The Patty Duke Show_, _The Larry Sanders Show_, and as a ghost in the movie _Ghost_.

Leeds was born on April 6, 1916 in New York City, New York. Leeds was married to Toby Brandt until she passed in 1987, and had no children. Leeds died on August 16, 1998 from pneumonia in Los Angeles, California, he was 82 years old.
Walter Slezak

**Walter Slezak** (3 May 1902 – 21 April 1983) was an Austrian television and movie actor who appeared in many movies. Slezak mostly played villains or thugs, most notably the German U-boat captain in Alfred Hitchcock's movie _Lifeboat_ (1944), but occasionally he got to play lighter roles, as in _The Wonderful World_ of the _Brothers Grimm_ (1962). He also played a cheerfully corrupt and philosophical private detective in the film noir _Born to Kill_ (1947) and appeared as Squire Trelawney in _Treasure Island_ (1972). He is also known for playing the Clock King in _Batman_ (1966). Slezak won a Tony Award in 1955.

Slezak was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. Slezak was married to Johanna Van Rijn from 1943 until his death in 1983. They had three children. Slezak died on April 21, 1983 after he shot himself in his home in Flower Hill, New York. He is buried in Rottach-Egern, Germany.

## Movies

- _Sodom and Gomorrah_ (1922)
- _Michael_ (1924)
- _Addio giovinezza_ (1927)
- _Once Upon a Honeymoon_ (1942)
- _This Land Is Mine_ (1943)
- _The Fallen Sparrow_ (1943)
- _Lifeboat_ (1944)
- _The Princess and the Pirate_ (1944)
- _Step Lively_ (1944)
- _The Spanish Main_ (1945)
- _Cornered_ (1945)
- _Sinbad the Sailor_ (1947)
- _Born to Kill_ (1947)
- _Riffraff_ (1947)
- _The Pirate_ (1948)
- _The Inspector General_ (1949)
- _Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion_ (1950)
- _The Yellow Cab Man_ (1950)
- _Bedtime for Bonzo_ (1951)
- _People Will Talk_ (1951)
- _Call Me Madam_ (1953)
- _White Witch Doctor_ (1953)
- _The Miracle_ (1959)
- _Come September_ (1961)
- _The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm_ (1962)
- _Wonderful Life_
(US title: _Swingers' Paradise_ 1964)
- _Dr. Coppelius_ (1966)
- _Heidi_ (1968)
- _Black Beauty_ (1971)
- _Treasure Island_ (1972)

## Other websites

- Photographs and literature
David Wayne

**David Wayne** (born **Wayne James McMeekan** January 30, 1914 – February 9, 1995) was an American television, voice, stage, and movie actor. He acted for nearly 50 years. He starred with famous actors such as Frank Sinatra, Marilyn Monroe, Debbie Reynolds, Celeste Holm, Katherine Hepburn, Elizabeth Taylor, and Spencer Tracy. He has appeared in nearly 100 movies. He won the first Tony Award for his role in the stage production of _Finian's Rainbow_.

Wayne was born **Wayne James McMeekan** in Traverse City, Michigan on January 20, 1914. He was raised in Bloomingdale, Michigan. Wayne was married to Jane Gordon from 1941 until her death in 1993. They had two children. Wayne died on February 9, 1995 in his home in Santa Monica, California from lung cancer. He was 81 years old. His remains were cremated.

## Movies

- _Portrait of Jennie_ (1948)
- _Adam's Rib_ (1949)
- _The Reformer and the Redhead_ (1950)
- _Stella_ (1950)
- _My Blue Heaven_ (1950)
- _Up Front_ (1951)
- _M_ (1951)
- _As Young as You Feel_ (1951)
- _With a Song in My Heart_ (1952)
- _Wait Till the Sun Shines, Nellie_ (1952)
- _We're Not Married!_ (1952)
- _O. Henry's Full House_ (1952)
- _The I Don't Care Girl_ (1953)
- _Tonight We Sing_ (1953)
- _Down Among the Sheltering Palms_ (1953)
- _How to Marry a Millionaire_ (1953)
- _Hell and High Water_ (1954)
- _The Tender Trap_ (1955)
- _The Naked Hills_ (1956)
- _The Three Faces of Eve_ (1957)
- _The Sad Sack_ (1957)
- _The Last Angry Man_ (1959)
- _The Big Gamble_ (1961)
- _The Andromeda Strain_ (1971)
- _The African Elephant_ (1971) (documentary) (narrator)
- _Huckleberry Finn_ (1974)
- _The Front Page_ (1974)
- _Tubby the Tuba_ (1975) (voice)
- _The Apple Dumpling Gang_ (1975)
- _A Place to Be_ (1979) (documentary) (narrator)
- _The Prize Fighter_ (1979)
- _Finders Keepers_ (1984)
- _The Survivalist_ (1987)
- _The Fence_ (1994)

## Other websites

- David Wayne as The Mad Hatter
Nusa Lembongan

**Nusa Lembongan** is an island to the southeast of Bali, Indonesia at . It's area is about 8 square kilometers and there are about 7,000 people living on the island year round. It is part of a group of three islands called Pulau Penida. This island group is part of the Lesser Sunda Islands. This island group is on the western side of the Wallace Line. This line marks a change in animals and plants. To the east of this line, the ecology changes to become Australasian.

Tourism is the most important part of the economy of the island. Most tourist development is on the western side of the island at Mushroom Bay and Jungut Batu. Most local residents live in the central village of Nusa Lembongan. The other major industry is seaweed farming along the southwest coast between Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Cenignan.
Yiddish Wikipedia

**Yiddish Wikipedia** is the Yiddish language version of Wikipedia. It was founded on March 3, 2004, and the first article was written November 28, 2004. , it have over 15 400 pages.

## Other websites

- Main page of Yiddish Wikipedia
Mick Veivers

**Mick Veivers** (born 12 August 1939) is an Australian politician from Queensland. He was the Member for Southport from 1987 to 2001 and was Minister for Emergency Services and Sport in the Borbidge Government. He was a member of the Queensland National Party. Before politics, he had been a rugby league player.
Saskatoon Greystone

**Saskatoon Greystone** was a district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

|Parliament|Years|colspan="2"|Member|Party|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|bgcolor="CCCCCC"|22nd|1991–1995|rowspan="2"||rowspan="2"|Lynda Haverstock|rowspan="2"|Liberal|
|bgcolor="CCCCCC"|23rd|1995–1999|||||||
|bgcolor="CCCCCC"|24th|1999–2003|rowspan="2"||rowspan="2"|Peter Prebble|rowspan="2"|New Democrat|
|bgcolor="CCCCCC"|25th|2003–2007|||||||
|bgcolor="CCCCCC"|26th|2007–2011|rowspan="2"||rowspan="2"|Rob Norris|rowspan="2"|Saskatchewan Party|
|bgcolor="CCCCCC"|27th|2011–2016|||||||
|colspan="5" align="center"|***District dissolved into Saskatoon Churchill-Wildwood and Saskatoon University***||||||||
Carol Lawrence

**Carol Lawrence** (born September 5, 1932 in Melrose Park, Illinois, USA) is an American stage and television actress. She is probably best known for playing best Maria in _West Side Story_ in 1957. She has received several Tony Awards. She has performed on many television series, including _General Hospital_ and _Sex and the City_.
IS/LM model

The **IS/LM model** is a tool that shows the relationship between interest rates and real output in "the goods and services market" and "the money market". IS/LM model is used in Macroeconomics. The point of meet of the IS curve and the LM curve is "general equilibrium".  At general equilibrium, there is same equilibrium in both markets. The letters I and S of the IS curve express **I**nvestment-**S**aving. The letters L and M of the LM curve express **L**iquidity preference—**M**oney supply. This model makes clear an effect of either a fiscal policy or a monetary policy.
Fathom

The **fathom** is a unit of length. It is used especially when talking about operating ships, to measure the depth of water. It is equal to two yards. The distance between a man's outstreched arms is about a fathom. By this definition, a statute mile is 880 fathoms long. According to the directive 80/181/EWG, one fathom is 1,829 meters long.
One  fathom is equal to:
- 1.8288 metres exactly (1 metre is about 0.5468 fathoms)
- 2 yards (1 yard is exactly 0.5 fathoms)
- 6 feet (1 foot is about 0.1667 fathoms)
- 18 hands
- 72 inches

In 1959 the United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom defined the length of the international yard to be exactly 0.9144 metre. With the adoption of the metric SI system the use of fathoms declined.
Norio Sasaki

is a former Japanese football player and manager. He managed for Japan women's national team.

## Biography

After graduating from Meiji University, Sasaki joined NTT Kanto. He was a midfielder. He contributed to the club's promotion to Japan Soccer League Division 2 in 1987. He retired in 1991.

Sasaki served as the head coach of Japan Football League side Omiya Ardija in 1998, then took various other positions at Omiya, including the youth team head-coach and the head of development.

In 2006, Sasaki became the assistant coach of Japan women's national team, as well as the head coach of its U-20 team. In 2008, he was promoted to the head coach of the national team, succeeding Hiroshi Ohashi.

Under Sasaki's reign, Japan won the EAFF Women's Football Championship in 2008 and again in 2010. He also led the Japan Women to a fourth-place finish at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

Sasaki was the manager of the Japan when they won the 2011 World Cup. FIFA named Sasaki 2011 "Coach of the Year". He also coached the national team to a second-place finish at the 2015 World Cup.

He was also coach of the women's team which won a silver medal in the 2012 Summer Olympics at London.

Sasaki announced his retirement from coaching in 2012, but was persuaded to stay on as national team coach.

In 2019, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

## Honours

- FIFA World Coach of the Year, 2011

## Related pages

- Sports in Japan
- Japan at the Olympics
- Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament

## Other websites

- Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association
- なでしこジャパン（日本女子代表チーム）新監督に佐々木 則夫氏が就任 ("Norio Sasaki appointed new coach of women's national team") at Japan Football Association 

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Norio Sasaki
佐々木 則夫
- **image**: Norio Sasaki 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Sasaki in 2015
- **fullname**: Norio Sasaki
- **birth place**: Obanazawa, Yamagata, Obanazawa, Yamagata Prefecture, Yamagata, Japan
- **position**: Midfielder
- **currentclub**: Omiya Ardija Ventus (general manager)
- **youthyears1**: 1974–1976
- **youthclubs1**: Teikyo High School
- **youthyears2**: 1977–1980
- **youthclubs2**: Meiji University
- **years1**: 1981–1991
- **clubs1**: Omiya Ardija, NTT Kanto
- **caps1**: 25
- **goals1**: 2
- **totalcaps**: 25
- **totalgoals**: 2
- **manageryears1**: 1997–1998
- **managerclubs1**: Omiya Ardija
- **manageryears2**: 2006
- **managerclubs2**: Japan women's national under-17 football team, Japan Women U-17
- **manageryears3**: 2007–2010
- **managerclubs3**: Japan women's national under-20 football team, Japan Women U-20
- **manageryears4**: 2008–2016
- **managerclubs4**: Japan women's national football team, Japan Women
George C. Scott

**George Campbell Scott** (October 18, 1927 – September 22, 1999) was an American stage, television, and movie actor, director and producer. He was best known for his stage work, and also well known as his role of General George S. Patton in the movie _Patton_, and as General Buck Turgidson in Stanley Kubrick's _Dr. Strangelove_.

## Early life

Scott was born in Wise, Virginia on October 18, 1927 to Helena Agnes (née Slemp) and to George Dewey Scott. He was educated at Redford High School and in the University of Missouri.

## Career

Scott began his career in 1958 in the movie _The Hanging Tree_, and since then he has appeared in over 100 movie and more than 50 stage works, in movies he had appeared in; _Jane Eyre_, _The Hospital_, _A Christmas Carol_, _Titanic (TV movie 1996)_, _Movie Movie_, _The Formula_, _Patton_, and in _Dr. Strangelove_. In a interview Scott said that his influences were James Cagney, Paul Muni, and Bette Davis.

## Personal life

Scott was married to Carolyn Hughes from 1951 until they divorced in 1955. Later he married Patricia Reed from 1955 until they divorced in 1960. Thirdly he married Colleen Dewhurst from 1960 until they divorced in 1965, then again they married from 1962 through 1972 after they divorced again. Lastly Scott married Trish Van Devere from 1972 until his death in 1999. He and Karen Truesdell had a daughter Michelle.

### Death

Scott died on September 22, 1999 from an abdominal aortic aneurysm in Westlake Village, California, he was 71 years old. His remains are buried next to actor Walter Matthau in a unmarked grave.

## Movies

- _The Hanging Tree_ (1959)
- _Anatomy of a Murder_ (1959)
- _The Hustler_ (1961)
- The Power and the Glory (1961) (TV)
- _The List of Adrian Messenger_ (1963)
- Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964)
- _The Yellow Rolls-Royce_ (1964)
- _The Bible: In the Beginning_ (1966)
- Not with My Wife, You Don't! (1966)
- The Flim-Flam Man (1967)
- Petulia (1968)
- _Patton_ (1970)
- Jane Eyre (1970)
- They Might Be Giants (1971)
- The Last Run (1971)
- The Hospital (1971)
- The New Centurions (1972)
- Rage (1972)
- Oklahoma Crude (1973)
- The Day of the Dolphin (1973)
- Bank Shot (1974)
- The Hindenburg (1975)
- Islands in the Stream (1977)
- Crossed Swords (1977)
- Movie Movie (1978)
- Hardcore (1979)
- _The Changeling_ (1980)
- The Formula (1980)
- Taps (1981)
- Oliver Twist (1982)
- A Christmas Carol (1984)
- _Firestarter_ (1984)
- Mussolini: The Untold Story (TV) (1985)
- The Murders in the Rue Morgue (TV) (1986)
- The Last Days of Patton (TV) (1986)
- Mr. President (TV series) (1987–1988)
- The Ryan White Story (TV) (1989)
- Descending Angel(1990)
- The Exorcist III (1990)
- The Rescuers Down Under (1990) (voice)
- Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue (1990) (voice)
- Malice (1993)
- Angus (1995)
- The Whipping Boy (TV) (1995)
- Tyson (TV) (1995)
- Titanic (TV) (1996)
- 12 Angry Men (1997 film)
- Country Justice (TV) (1997)
- Gloria (1999)
- Rocky Marciano (1999)
- Inherit the Wind (TV) (1999)
Marion Ross

**Marion Ross** (born **Marian Ross** October 25, 1928) is a retired American actress who was best known for her role as Marion Cunningham on the television series _Happy Days_ from 1974 to 1984. After _Happy Days_ Ross had appeared in over 50 movies. She retired in 2018.

She was born in Watertown, Minnesota. She was educated at San Diego State University. She was married to Freeman Meskimen from 1951 until they divorced in 1969, they had two children. She was partners with Paul Michael from 1988 until his death in 2011.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Marion Ross
- **image**: MarionRossSept2011.jpg
- **caption**: Ross in September 2011
- **birth place**: Watertown, Minnesota, U.S.
- **alma mater**: San Diego State University
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1953–2018
- **domestic partner**: Paul Michael (1988–2011; his death)
- **children**: 2; including Jim Meskimen
Scott Baio

**Scott Vincent James Baio** (born September 22, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American movie and television actor and television director. He is best known for his roles as Chachi Arcola on the sitcom _Happy Days_ and its spin-off, _Joanie Loves Chachi_. He was the main character in the series _Charles in Charge_. Baio has been married to Renee Sloan since 2007. He has a daughter and a stepdaughter. Baio had two reality television series _Scott Baio Is 45...and Single_ (2007) and _Scott Baio Is 46...and Pregnant_ (2008) premiered on VH1.
Al Molinaro

**Albert Francis "Al" Molinaro** (June 24, 1919 – October 30, 2015) was an American television and movie actor, who is mostly known as Al Delvecchio, the owner of Arnold's on _Happy Days_ and its spin-off show _Joanie Loves Chachi_.

He is also known for his roles in _The Odd Couple_ television series, as well as starring in commercials for On-Cor frozen dinners. He also starred in a 1982 comedy _The Ugily Family_. Molinaro retired from acting in 1992.

## Personal life

Molinaro was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin on June 24, 1919 to an Italian family. Molinaro was married to Sidney Molinaro until they divorced. He has been married to Betty Farrell since 1981. With Sidney he has a son Michael Molinaro.

Molinaro died in Glendale, California from a gallbladder infection, aged 96.

## Movies

- _Freaky Friday_ (1976)
- _The Great American Traffic Jam_ (1980)

## Television

- _Get Smart_ (1969 – 1970)
- _The Odd Couple_ (1970 – 1975)
- _Happy Days_ (1976 – 1982)
- _Joanie Loves Chachi_ (1982 – 1983)
- _ The Ugily Family_ (1982)
- _The Family Man_ (1990 – 1991)

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Al Molinaro Murray the cop Odd Couple 1974.JPG
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **caption**: Molinaro as Murray the Cop in _The Odd Couple_, January 1974.
- **name**: Al Molinaro
- **birthname**: Albert Francis Molinaro
- **birth place**: Kenosha, Wisconsin,
 United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Glendale, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **known for**: Al Delvecchio on _Happy Days_
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1954–1992
- **spouse**: Sidney Molinaro (? – ?),
Betty Farrell (1981 – present)
- **children**: With Sidney:
Michael Molinaro
Nora Roberts

**Eleanor Marie Robertson**, better known as **Nora Roberts** (born October 10, 1950 in Maryland), is an American novelist. She has written over 200 romance books. Many of her novels were bestsellers.
Irving Fein

**Irving Fein** (June 21, 1911 – August 10, 2012) was an Emmy Award winning American television and movie producer, and the longtime manager of comedians such as Jack Benny and George Burns.

Fein was born in Brooklyn, New York. Fein was married to Florence Kohn until they divorced. Lastly he married Marion Schecter from 1969 until his death in 2012. Fein has two children and a stepson. Fein died on August 10, 2012 in Los Angeles, California from heart failure, he was 101 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Irving Fein
- **caption**: Irving Fein
- **children**: 2
- **othername**: Movie producer,  television producer,   Producer
- **nationality**: American
- **years active**: 1940s – 2000
- **death cause**: Heart Failure
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, US
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, US
- **spouse**: Florence Kohn (?–?; divorced),
Marion Schecter (1969–2012)
Luleå

**Luleå** (, Lule sami _Luleju_, Finnish _Luulaja_) is a city in northern Sweden. In 2010, 46,607 people lived there. It is the seat of Luleå Municipality and the capital of Norrbotten County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Luleå
- **image skyline**: Luleå vanaf gemeentehuis 11.jpg
- **image caption**: Storgatan in Luleå
- **image shield**: Luleå vapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Luleå Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Norrbotten County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Norrbotten
- **established title3**: City status in Sweden, Charter
- **established date3**: 17th Century
- **area total km2**: 29.09
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 46,607
- **population density km2**: 1602
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **website**: [http://www.lulea.se/ www.lulea.se]
Paul Rusesabagina

**Paul Rusesabagina** (born 1954) is a Rwandan humanitarian. He is known for hiding and protecting 1,268 people during the 1994 Rwandan genocide.

## Overview

Rusesabagina was the assistant manager of the Sabena Hôtel des Mille Collines. Later, he was the manager of the Hôtel des Diplomates. Both hotels are in Kigali, Rwanda. During the genocide, he used his influence and connections with high ranking and important people to protect 1,268 Tutsis and Hutus from being killed by the Interahamwe.

Rusesabagina's story was the basis of the Academy Award winning 2004 movie _Hotel Rwanda_ starring Don Cheadle. Rusesabagina currently lives in Brussels, Belgium with his wife, four children and two adopted nieces.

## Personal

On 20 September 2021, he was found guilty of terrorism-related charges. During the court proceeding, he denounced president Paul Kagame and reported that he had been abducted from exile to stand trial in Rwanda.
Gameplay

**Gameplay** is the way players interact with a game, and in particular with video games. It is the connection between the game rules, challenges and overcoming them and the plot. Video game gameplay is how attracting the graphics and audio are to the player.

## Overview

Along with the rise of video game development in the 1980s, the term gameplay was used only in the context of video games. Now its popularity has started to be used in the description of other, more traditional, game types. Generally, gameplay is about the general experience of playing a video game. It does not include other things like graphics and sound. Game mechanics, on the other hand, is the set of rules in a game that are supposed to make an enjoyable gaming experience. Academic discussions often use terms like "game mechanics". This is because "gameplay" is too general for academic discussions.

## Gameplay types

- Cooperative gameplay
- Deathmatch
- Emergent gameplay
- Hack and slash
- Leveled gameplay
- Micromanagement
- Nonlinear gameplay
- Passive gameplay
- Twitch gameplay

## Books

- Desurvire, H., Caplan, M., & Toth, J. A. (2004). Using heuristics to evaluate the playability of games. CHI '04 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, Vienna, Austria.
- Fabricatore, C., Nussbaum, M., & Rosas, R. (2002). Playability in video games: a qualitative design model. Human-Computer Interaction, 17(4), 311-368.
- Jegers, K. (2008). Investigating the Applicability of Usability and Playability Heuristics for Evaluation of Pervasive Games. Internet and Web Applications and Services, 2008. ICIW '08.
- Korhonen, H., & Koivisto, E. M. I. (2006). Playability heuristics for mobile games. In Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Human-Computer interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (Helsinki, Finland, September 12–15, 2006). MobileHCI '06, vol. 159. ACM, New York, NY, 9-16. doi: 10.1145/1152215.1152218
- Korhonen H., Koivisto E.M.I. (2007). Playability Heuristics for Mobile Multi-player Games. In proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts, DIMEA 2007, ACM Press (2007), pp. 28–35. Perth, Australia. doi: 10.1145/1306813.1306828
- Nacke, L. (2009). From Playability to a Hierarchical Game Usability Model. In Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Future Play on @ GDC Canada (Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, May 12–13, 2009). FuturePlay '09. ACM, New York, NY, 11-12. doi: 10.1145/1639601.1639609
- Nacke, L. E., Drachen, A., Kuikkaniemi, K., Niesenhaus, J., Korhonen, H. J., Hoogen, W. M. v. d., et al. (2009). Playability and Player Experience Research . Proceedings of DiGRA 2009: Breaking New Ground: Innovation in Games, Play, Practice and Theory, London, UK. (online slides)
- Järvinen, A., Heliö, S. and Mäyrä, F. Communication and Community in Digital Entertainment Services. Prestudy Research Report , Hypermedia Laboratory, University of Tampere, Tampere, 2002.
Crash Nitro Kart

***Crash Nitro Kart*** is a 2003 racing video game developed by Vicarious Visions and published by Universal Interactive Studios (along with Konami in the Japanese release) for the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, Xbox, Game Boy Advance and N-Gage. It is the second _Crash Bandicoot_ racing game behind _Crash Team Racing_. It is the ninth _Crash Bandicoot_ game overall.

## Other websites

- Activision's page on _Crash Nitro Kart_

## Infobox (vg)

- **state**: expanded
- **developer**: Vicarious Visions
- **publisher**: Vivendi Games, Universal Interactive Studios
Konami (Japan)
- **writer**: Dan Tanguay (cinematic screenplay)
- **artist**: Charles Zembillas (character design)
Joe Pearson (background design)
- **composer**: Womb Music (Ashif Hakik and Todd Masten)
- **series**: _Crash Bandicoot (series), Crash Bandicoot_
- **engine**: Intrinsic Alchemy
Havok (software), Havok Physics
- **released**: **Console and Game Boy Advance***'N-Gage***'Mobile**
- **genre**: Racing video game, Racing
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player
Multiplayer video game, Multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, N-Gage, Zeebo
Mary Ann Lee

**Mary Ann Lee** (18231899) was one of America's first professional ballerinas. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to theatrical parents, and trained there with Paul Hazard of the Paris Opéra. She made her ballet debut as Fatima in 1837 in _The Maid of Cashmere_ at the Chestnut Street Theatre in Philadelphia. Debuting in the same production was the great Augusta Maywood. Night after night, the two girls were showered with applause and bouquets.

Lee studied in New York City with James Sylvain, and made her New York debut in June 1839 at the Bowery Theatre. She did not confine herself to dance, but acted in melodramas and other stage works. She toured the United States, then studied with Ballet Master Jean Coralli in Paris. When she returned to the United States, she brought the directions for several popular ballets with her. She danced the first American performance of _Giselle_ in Boston in 1846.

Lee danced and toured with George Washington Smith. She retired in 1847 at age 24 for health reasons. She married William Vanhook, a Philadelphia merchant. The couple had three children. She made a few returns to the stage, and taught dance in later life. She died in Philadelphia in 1899, and is buried in Laurel Hill Cemetery. Critics and ballet lovers alike were unanimous in their praise of Lee. If she had pursued her career rather than retirement, she would likely have become a star of international renown.
Claire Forlani

**Claire Antonia Forlani** (born December 1971) is an English movie performer who also stars on TV programs. She starred in the movie _Mystery Men_ in 1999. She also starred in other movies.
Eddy Arnold

**Richard Edward "Eddy" Arnold** (May 1918-May 2008) was an American pop icon during the 1950s and 1960s. He sold almost 86 million albums and had many hit songs during his career. He was born in Tennessee.
Arte Johnson

**Arthur Stanton Eric "Arte" Johnson** (January 20, 1929 – July 3, 2019) was an American comedian and television, movie, and voice actor. His career lasted for 50 years. His career started in 1954 and continued til his retirement in 2005. Johnson was a regular cast in _Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In_. His well-known "character" was that of a German soldier with his famous the catchphrase: "Verrrry interesting, but...['stupid', 'not very funny', and other versions]". He won a Saturn Award.

Johnson was born in Benton Harbor, Michigan. He was educated at the University of Illinois. He was married to Gisela Johnson from 1968 until his death. Johnson died on July 3, 2019 in Los Angeles from bladder and prostate cancer at the age of 90.
Chia

**Chia** may be:

## Botany

- _Salvia hispanica_, flowering plant, sprouts and culinary chia seed
- _Salvia columbariae_ ("golden chia")
- _Salvia polystachya_

## Places

- Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- Chía, Aragon, Spain
- Chia, Italy

## Personal names

- Italian and Spanish surname
    - Sandro Chia, an Italian painter and sculptor
- Chinese surname, also romanized as Xie or Tse
    - Alyssa Chia, a Taiwanese actress
    - Amber Chia, a Malaysian model
    - Danny Chia, a Malaysian golfer
    - Eric Chia, a Malaysian businessman
    - Gec Chia, a Filipino basketball player
    - Mantak Chia, a Thai author and teacher on Taoism and qigong
    - Nelson Chia, Singaporean actor, director and lecturer
    - Nicholas Chia, current Roman Catholic Archbishop of Singapore
    - Pei-yuan Chia, an American businessmann
    - Steve Chia, a Singaporean politician
    - Chia Thye Poh, a Singaporean political prisoner
    - Wenlan Chia, an American fashion designer
- As a first name Chia is the Spanish variant of the name Lucia

## Related pages

- Chia Pet
- Chia Black Dragon, a fictional dark fantasy character
- Chía (goddess), wife of Bochica in Colombian mythology
- "Chia", a song by Four Tet from the album _Rounds_
- Masala chai, called _chia_ in Nepal
- CHIA, Children's Hope In Action
Chía, Cundinamarca

**Chía** is a town in the Cundinamarca department of Colombia.  It is to the north of Bogotá on the main road to Zipaquira. Its history goes back to the pre-Columbian time. The name comes from the Chibchan language.  It means "moon" or "month".

It is home of the Universidad de la Sabana.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Chía
- **nickname**: The Moon City
- **image flag**: Flag of Chía.svg
- **image seal**: Escudo de Chía.svg
- **image map**: Colombia - Cundinamarca - Chía.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of the town and municipality of Chia in Cundinamarca Department.
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Colombia
- **subdivision type1**: **Department**
- **subdivision name1**: Cundinamarca Department, Cundinamarca
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Colombia, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Central Savanna Province, Central Savanna
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jorge Orlando Gaitán Mahecha
- **established title**: Foundation
- **established date**: Pre-Columbian
- **area total km2**: 80
- **population total**: 196640
- **population density sq mi**: 2798
- **utc offset**: -5
- **elevation m**: 2564
- **elevation ft**: 8412
- **website**:
[http://www.chia.gov.co/ www.chia.gov.co]
Chía, Aragon

**Chía** is a small town in the eastern Pyrenees, in Aragon, Spain; it is a municipality in the Huesca province.

People in this region speak _patués_, a dialect of the eastern Aragonese language.

## Geography

Chía is in the Benasque Valley, on the foot of the **Sierra de Chía**, a short mountain range in the Pyrenees. It is about  from Huesca, the capital city of the Huesca province.

The mean yearly temperature is  and the mean yearly rainfall is .

## Buildings

- _Saint Martin of Chía_ church, a small church with a Romanesque style of the 12th-13th centuries.
- _Saint Vincent_ church, also with a Romanesque style but it was changed a lot during the 18th century.

## Local holiday

- 8 September - .

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Chía
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **pushpin map**: Spain
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map alt**: Location of Chía in Spain
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Spain
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Huesca (province), Huesca
- **subdivision type3**: Comarcas of Spain, Comarca
- **subdivision name3**: Ribagorza
- **leader party**: PP de Aragón
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Enrique Barrau Pallaruelo
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 25.95
- **elevation m**: 1195
- **population total**: 97
- **population as of**: 2012
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population demonym**: Chianos/chienses
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Spain, Postal code
- **postal code**: 22465
Chia, Italy

**Chia** or **Baia di Chia** is a coastal area in southern Sardinia (Italy).  It is part of the municipality of Domus de Maria in the  Province of Cagliari.

## Other websites

- Chia
Robert Loggia

**Robert Loggia** (**Salvatore Loggia**; January 3, 1930 – December 4, 2015) was an American actor and director.

## Early life

Loggia was born on January 3, 1930 in Staten Island, New York City to Benjamin Loggia and to Elena Blandino both of whom were born in Sicily, Italy. Loggia was educated at Wagner College and journalism at the University of Missouri. After his service in the US Army, Loggia began a his career in stage, movie, and television.

## Career

Loggia had a career span of 60 years since 1953, since then he appeared in many movies, including: _An Officer and a Gentleman_, _Mercy Mission: The Rescue of Flight 771_, based on the Air New Zealand Flight 103 incident, _Scarface_, _Prizzi's Honor_, _Over the Top_, _Independence Day_, _Necessary Roughness_, _Return to Me_, _Armed and Dangerous_, and _Big_ (for which he won a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor).

## Personal life

Loggia was married to Marjorie Sloan from 1954 until they divorced in 1981. He was married to Audrey O'Brien from 1982 until his death in 2015. Loggia has two children of his own and a stepchild. Loggia died at his home in Los Angeles, California from Alzheimer's disease, aged 85.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robert Loggia
- **image**: Robert Loggia.jpg
- **caption**: Loggia in January 1995
- **birth name**: Salvatore Loggia
- **birth place**: Staten Island, New York City, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **education**: Wagner College
- **alma mater**: University of Missouri
- **occupation**: Actor, director
- **years active**: 1953–2015
- **spouse**: Marjorie Sloan
<small>(1954-1981)</small>
Audrey O'Brien
<small>(1982–2015)</small>
- **children**: 3 children (1 step daughter)
- **awards**: **Saturn Award** (1988)
Pigou effect

The **Pigou effect** is an economics term that refers to the stimulation of output and employment. It is caused by increasing consumption due to a rise in real balances of wealth. It often happens particularly during deflation.

Wealth was defined by Arthur Cecil Pigou as "the sum of the money supply and government bonds divided by the price level". He explained that Keynes' General theory was incomplete because it was not clarifying a link from "real balances" to current consumption. He also pointed out that it didn't include such a "wealth effect" would make the economy more 'self correcting' to drops in **aggregate demand** than Keynes predicted. Because the effect derives from changes to the "Real Balance", this is also called the Real Balance effect.
Joan Fontaine

**Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland** (October 22, 1917 – December 15, 2013), known professionally as **Joan Fontaine**, was a British-American actress and singer. She and her older sister Olivia de Havilland were two of the last surviving leading ladies from Hollywood of the 1930s.

Fontaine is the only actress to have won an Academy Award for a performance in a movie directed by Alfred Hitchcock, _Suspicion_ (1941).

Fontaine was born in Tokyo to British parents. She became an American citizen in 1943. She has divorced four times. She has one child from her second marriage.

She died on December 15, 2013 at her Carmel-by-the-Sea, California home from natural causes, aged 96.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joan Fontaine
- **image**: Joan Fontaine 1951.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Fontaine in 1951
- **birth name**: Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland
- **birth place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **death place**: Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **known for**: Oscar-winning actress for "Suspicion (1941 movie), Suspicion" (1941)
- **occupation**: Actress, singer
- **years active**: 1935–1994
- **height**: 1.6m
- **spouse**: Brian Aherne
<small>(m. 1939-1945, divorced)</small>
William Dozier
<small>(m. 1946-1951, divorced; 1 child)</small>
Collier Young
<small>(m. 1952-1961, divorced)</small>
Alfred Wright, Jr.
<small>(m. 1964-1969, divorced)</small>
- **children**: 2
- **parents**: Walter Augustus de Havilland
Lillian Augusta Ruse
<small></small>
- **relatives**: Olivia de Havilland <small>(sister)</small>
Charing Cross railway station

**Charing Cross station**, is a central London rail terminus in the City of Westminster . The rail station is one of 18 stations managed by Network Rail, and trains serving it are operated by Southeastern. It is the fifth busiest rail terminal in London.

The station takes its name from the central London road junction of Charing Cross. The front of the rail station faces The Strand. The other end is the northern end of Hungerford Bridge, which is crossed by all trains serving the station. Ticket barriers control access to all platforms, although the bridge entrance has no barriers.

The original station building was built on the site of Hungerford Market and opened on 11 January 1864. The station has a single span wrought iron roof arching over the six platforms on its relatively cramped site. A year later the Charing Cross Hotel opened on 15 May 1865, and gave the station an ornate front in the French Renaissance style. At the same time, a replica of the Eleanor Cross was erected in the station forecourt, based on the original 13th century Whitehall Cross that had been demolished in 1647. Distances in London are officially measured from the original site of the cross in Whitehall, now the statue of Charles I, and not from this replica cross.

## Related pages

- Charing Cross tube station

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Charing Cross
- **alt name**: London Charing Cross
- **symbol**: rail
- **manager**: Network Rail
- **locale**: Charing Cross
- **borough**: City of Westminster
- **platforms**: 6
- **fare zone**: 1
- **railcode**: CHX
- **railstation**: Yes
- **access**: Yes
- **toilets**: Yes
- **map type**: Central London
- **image name**: File:Charing Cross.jpg
- **caption**: A Southeastern (train operating company), Southeastern train stops at London Charing Cross station.
- **years1**: 1864
- **events1**: London Charing Cross station opened.
Charing Cross tube station

**Charing Cross tube station** is a London Underground station at Charing Cross. It has entrances in Trafalgar Square and The Strand. The station takes its name from the central London road junction of Charing Cross.

The station is served by the Northern and Bakerloo lines and provides an interchange with the National Rail network at the Charing Cross rail station. On the Northern Line it is between Embankment and Leicester Square stations on the Charing Cross branch, and on the Bakerloo Line it is between Embankment and Piccadilly Circus stations. It is in Travelcard Zone 1.

The station was served by the Jubilee Line between 1979 and 1999; acting as the southern terminus of the line after Green Park during that period. For most of the history of the Underground the name _Charing Cross_ was associated with a different station, the one now called Embankment.

## Related pages

- Charing Cross railway station
Shin Ik-hee

**Shin Ik-hee** (, July 11, 1894 – May 5, 1956) was a Resistance activists, politician, and educator of South Korea. His nickname was **Haegong** (해공, 海公) and **Haehoo** (해후, 海候), customs name was **Yeogu** (여구, 如耉). header of National Assembly of Koreas 1948 to 1954.

## Related pages

- Kim Gu
- Kim Kyu-sik
- Yun Chi-ho
- Syngman Rhee
- Park Jung-yang

- Yun Bo-seon
- Cho Byung-ok
- Chang Myon
- Chang Chun-ha

## References

- Shin Ik-hee:member of National Assembly of Koreas
- Haegong Shin Ik-hee memorial museum
- Haegong Shin Ik-hee memorial association
- http://koreandb.nate.com/history/people/detail?sn=5381
- http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1119140&mobile&categoryId=200001082
Video game producer

A **video game producer** is the person in charge during the development of a video game.

The earliest known use of the term _producer_ in games was by Trip Hawkins. He became the first video game producer when he founded Electronic Arts in 1982. Hawkins believed that a video game producer could be like a record producer, who takes control over the whole development of a video game. Hawkins brought record producers from A&M Records to help train the first video game producers.

Back then, video game producer had a negative reputation as "imitation Hollywood" by game executives and press members. However, it is now a term that is accepted and used more often in video games. The role of the video game producer has been defined by different companies and different teams. There are a number of positions of a producer.

Video game producers earn the third most money in the video game industry. They earn an average of USD$75,000 annually. Associate producers with less than three years experience earn $43,000. However, those between three to six years of experience earn an average of $55,700 annually. Executive producers with over six years experience earn an average of $103,000 annually.

## Other websites

- Producer  at Eurocom
- Justyn McLean - Game Boy at Mirror
Azathioprine

**Azathioprine** is an immunosuppressant drug. It is used in, for example, the organ transplantation of kidneys.
Video game artist

A **game artist** is an artist who creates art for video games. Game artists are in charge of all game development of visual art.

Many game artists are asked to develop graphical environments and elements in which role-playing games take place. For example, in the _Monster Manual_ early _Dungeons & Dragons_ artists created visual imitations of monsters players might see while playing the video game.

Visual art can help make the gameplay of a video game more appealing to a player. Art for role-playing games can be expressed in a lot of different ways. These can include from pencil drawings, pen and ink drawings, oil paintings or even 3D models created with a computer.
Video game music

**Video game music** is any musical instruments or soundtrack and background music found in video games. It can be from just a synthesizer tune to an orchestral piece. The older a game is, the simpler the music will be. In recent times, many games have had complex soundtracks similar to those of movies.

Interactive soundtracks in a video game is music changing into different sounds, depending on what the player does. It is also common for a video game soundtrack to be sold in stores or performed in concerts. Music is very important to gameplay.

There are many awards for composers who create the music in a video game. Awards available are from the Ivor Novello Awards, Spike Video Game Awards, Grammy Awards, International Film Music Critics Association, Inside Gaming and the MTV Video Music Awards.

Video game music can set the mood of a video game, which can help the player to understand the video game that they're playing.

## Other websites

- VGMdb Video Game Music and Anime Soundtrack Database | VGMdb
- GamesSound.com  Academic articles on video game sound and music
- Early Video Game Soundtracks 2001 article on video game music, orig. published in _In Magazine_
- High Score: The New Era of Video Game Music  at Tracksounds
- "The Evolution of Video Game Music", _All Things Considered_, April 12, 2008
- List of games with non-original music at uvlist.net
- Pretty Ugly Gamesound Study Website studying pretty and ugly game music and sound.
- CaptivatingSound.com Resources for design of game sound and music.
- Audio and Immersion PhD thesis about game audio and immersion.
- https://tunetailors.com/blogs/sound-stories/the-importance-of-music-in-video-games#:~:text=It%20can%20help%20create%20an,feelings%20of%20realism%20and%20legitimacy. About the importance of music in video games.
Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine

***Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine*** (**OPM**) was a monthly video game magazine. It was published by Ziff Davis Media. It was a sister publication of _Electronic Gaming Monthly_. The magazine talked about anything that dealt with the PlayStation.

Topics included its hardware, software, and culture. It covered new video game releases and critics gave reviews on games available on PlayStation One, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable.

The magazine was known for its free demos it included in each issue. The demos were upcoming or new video games that might be interesting to buy by the player. The magazine was produced for almost ten years. The first issue was the September 1997 issue and the final issue was released on January 2007.

In December 2007, one month after the magazine was discontinued, the _PlayStation: The Official Magazine_ (**PSM**), replaced OPM as the official magazine focusing on Sony game consoles.

## Staff

In the last issue of _OPM_ staff included:
- Editor-in-chief – Tom Byron
- Managing editor – Dana Jongewaard
- Senior editor – Joe Rybicki
- Previews editor – Thierry "Scooter" Nguyen
- News editor – Giancarlo Varanini
- Art director – Ryan Vulk
- Associate art director – Alejandro Chavetta
- Disc editor – Logan Parr
- Editorial director – John Davison
Past members included:
- Managing editor – Gary Steinman
- Managing editor – Din Perez
- Managing editor – Dan Peluso
- Reviews editor – Chris Baker
- Associate editor – Mark MacDonald
- Editor-in-chief – Wataru Maruyama
- Editor-in-chief – Kraig Kujawa
- Editor-in-chief – John Davison
- Pwnageness - Waffle

## Other websites

- _OPM_ at 1UP.com
- RadiOPM at 1UP.com  (official podcast)
- Editor in Chief, Tom Byron
- Managing Editor, Dana Jongewaard
- Senior Editor, Joe Rybicki
- Previews Editor, Thierry "Scooter" Nguyen
- News Editor, Giancarlo Varanini

## Infobox (newspaper)

- **name**: Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine
- **caption**: <small>The final issue of the _OPM_ U.S.</small>
- **type**: Video game magazine
- **foundation**: December 1997
- **ceased publication**: January 2007
- **owners**: Jim Louderback
- **publisher**: Ziff Davis Media
- **language**: English language, English
- **headquarters**: San Francisco, California
- **website**: [http://opm.1up.com opm.1up.com]
Adolphe Nourrit

**Adolphe Nourrit** (3 March 1802 – 8 March 1839) was a French operatic tenor, librettist, and composer.

He was born in Montpellier, Hérault. His father was an operatic tenor. Nourrit was almost 20 when he made his professional operatic debut in 1821 in Gluck's _Iphigénie en Tauride_. In 1826, he succeeded his father as the principal tenor at the Paris Opéra. He held the position until 1836. He became a pupil of Rossini, and created all the principal tenor roles in Rossini's French operas. In time, he gained considerable power at the Opéra. He was consulted by composers and his approval was sought for works in progress. He was appointed to the Conservatoire de Paris in 1827. He wrote many libretti for ballets at the Opéra, and, in 1832, he wrote the libretto for _La Sylphide_, the seminal romantic ballet. In 1836, he went hoarse during a performance at the Opéra and thereafter turned to salon recitals, introducing Schubert's songs to the salon audiences. He studied in Naples with Donizetti and made his debut in that city in 1838.

## Death

His physical and mental health declined and in 1839 he committed suicide. He was buried in Montmartre Cemetery with his wife, who only survived him by a few months, dying in childbirth.

## References

- Evan Walker/Sarah Hibberd, relevant entry from the _New Grove Dictionary of Opera_, edited by Stanley Sadie, London (1992),  and .
- Henry Pleasants, _The Great Singers_, Macmillan Publishers, London (1983 revised edition), .