juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Eartham Pit, Boxgrove

**Boxgrove Quarry**, once a gravel quarry, is now a Palaeolithic archaeological site. It is at Boxgrove in the English county of West Sussex. It is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

When excavations began in 1983, flint tools 500,000 years old were discovered. At that time this was the oldest evidence of humans discovered in the UK. In 2005 flint tools 700,000 years old were discovered at Pakefield, and in 2010 flint tools at least 800,000 years old were discovered at Happisburgh. However, Boxgrove remains a site of great importance, for many reasons. The tools were found in a largely undisturbed state, _in situ_ in their prehistoric landscape. The tools and evidence of the landscape were buried several metres down.

There were many well-preserved animal bones, many flint artifacts, and hominid bones which are among some of the most ancient found in Europe. Several of the animal bones are the oldest found specimens of their species, such as the wing bone of the Great Auk found at the site in 1989. The combination of bones, stone artifacts, and the geology of the landscape gives a very complete picture of the coastal plain as it existed half a million years ago.

Parts of the site complex were excavated between 1983 and 1996 by a team led by Mark Roberts of the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. The site is in an area that features a buried chalk cliff that overlooked a flat beach (which contained a waterhole) stretching around half a mile (1 km) south to the sea.

## Boxgrove Man

In 1994 archaeologists unearthed a lower hominin tibia bone at the Boxgrove quarry site. This partial leg bone is dated to between 478,000 and 524,000 years old. Several  teeth were also found. These remains were assigned to _Homo heidelbergensis_, an early proto-human species which occupied France and Great Britain. Both were connected by a land bridge at the time.
Armide

***Armide*** is an opera. The music was written by Jean-Baptiste Lully. The words were written by Philippe Quinault. The story of the opera is based on _Jerusalem Delivered_ by Torquato Tasso. It was first performed February 15, 1686 by the Paris Opéra at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal. It was revived several times in the 18th century. The story is about an enchantress named Armide and her love for a knight named Renaud.
Tartuffe

***Tartuffe, or The Imposter*** () is a play in verse by Molière. It was first performed on May 12, 1664 at Versailles. It is about a religious hypocrite.
The Imaginary Invalid

***The Imaginary Invalid*** is a play by Molière. It was first performed on February 10, 1673 at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris. It is about a man who thinks he is very ill and spends his money on doctors. The play has short ballets with music by Marc-Antoine Charpentier.
The Misanthrope

***The Misanthrope, or The Cranky Lover*** is a play by Molière. It was first performed on June 4, 1666 at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal, Paris. The play is about a man with idealistic but unrealistic values. He always tells the truth. His friends are not pleased with this trait because they think he should tell little white lies to spare others the truth.
Dom Juan

***Dom Juan, or The Feast with a Stone Statue*** is a play by Molière. It was first performed on February 15, 1660, in the Theatre of the Palais-Royal, Paris. The play is about the legendary libertine, Dom Juan. It ends with him going to Hell when he refuses to repent his sins. The play was one of the source materials used by Lorenzo da Ponte and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart when they wrote the opera, _Don Giovanni_.
The Miser

***The Miser*** is a play by Molière. It was first performed on September 9, 1668, in the theatre of the Palais-Royal in Paris. The play is based on the Latin comedy _Aulularia_ by Plautus. It is also based on Italian comedies of Molière's times. The play is about the silly situations in the home of a penny-pinching old man.
Viktor Zinger

**Viktor Aleksandrovich Zinger** (29 October 1941 — 24 September 2013) was an ice hockey goaltender who played in the Soviet Hockey League. Zinger was a five-time world champion and also won the gold medal with the Soviet ice hockey team at the 1968 Winter Olympics. Zinger was inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1967.

He died on September 24, 2013 in Moscow, Russia.

## Other websites

- Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame bio

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **birth date**: 29 October 1941
- **birth place**: Davydovo, USSR
- **death date**: 24 September 2013 (aged 71)
- **death place**: Moscow, Russia
- **played for**: HC Spartak Moscow
- **ntl team**: Soviet Union
- **career start**: 1958
- **career end**: 1977
Les Précieuses ridicules

****** () is a one-act play by Molière. It was first performed November 18, 1659 at the Théâtre du Petit-Bourbon. It is a satire about the elegant, witty women of Molière's day.
The Doctor in Spite of Himself

***The Doctor in Spite of Himself*** is a play by Molière. It was first performed in 1666. It is about a drunkard who pretends to be a doctor.
The School for Wives

***The School for Wives*** () is a play by Molière. It was first performed in December 1662 at the Palais Royal theatre.

## Other websites

- School for Wives: History and Analysis of the Play
The Learned Ladies

***The Learned Ladies*** () is a five-act play by Molière. It was first performed on March 11, 1672 at Théâtre du Palais-Royal. It is a satire written in verse about women's education.

## Other websites

- "Les Femmes Savantes" Original French Text
- "The Learned Women" English translation on Project Gutenberg
Le Bourgeois gentilhomme

***Le Bourgeois gentilhomme*** is a comedy ballet by Molière. It was first performed in 1670. It is about a middle class man who aspires to be a member of the upper class. The music was written by Jean-Baptiste Lully.
Monsieur de Pourceaugnac

***Monsieur de Pourceaugnac*** is a play by Molière. It was first performed 1669. It is a comedy-ballet. The music was written by Jean-Baptiste Lully.
Extra-sensory perception

**Extra-sensory perception** (**ESP**) is being able to know things without using the recognized physical senses.

The study of extra-sensory perception is part of parapsychology. Almost all scientists think of it as pseudoscience.

## Related pages

- Telepathy

## Other websites

- Extrasensory Perception at Video HQ
- Online Chat Psychics
History of science

The **history of science** is the study of the historical development of science and scientific knowledge. The English word _scientist_ is relatively recent  first coined by William Whewell in the 19th century. Previously, people investigating nature called themselves "natural philosophers".

**Science** is a body of knowledge about the natural world, produced by scientists who observe, explain, and predict real world phenomena. Historiography of science, in contrast, often draws on the historical methods.

Facts about the natural world have been described since classical antiquity. Ancient Greece is perhaps most famous for its contributions to astronomy and mathematics. Aristarchus of Samos came up with the idea of the Sun at the centre of what we now call the Solar system many centuries before Galileo.
Others, like Thales and Aristotle were interested in the natural world.

Scientific methods have been used since the Middle Ages (Roger Bacon), but the dawn of modern science is often traced back to the early modern period and in particular to the scientific revolution that took place in 16th- and 17th-century Europe. Important figures in the development of modern science include Isaac Newton, Johannes Kepler, Robert Boyle, Charles Darwin, Wilhelm Roux and Albert Einstein.

Scientific methods are so fundamental to modern science that some consider earlier inquiries into nature to be _pre-scientific_. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.

The natural sciences are these:
- Astronomy
- Physics
- Chemistry
- Geology
- Biology
    - Botany and Zoology
    - Cell biology
    - Genetics and evolution

There are various applied sciences which depend on one of more of the natural sciences. Medicine is an example.

## Related pages

- Innovation
- Scientific method
- History of astronomy
- History of mathematics
- History of physics
- Medical Renaissance
- Philosophy of science
- Four Great Inventions
Lockheed T-33

The **Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star** is a US military jet aircraft. It was used as a training aircraft. It was designed and built by adding a second seat to the P-80 Shooting Star. It was used by many countries in the world and built under licence in Canada and Japan. The last one retired in 2017. More than a hundred are on display in museums around the world.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: T-33 Shooting Star
- **image**: File:Arctic Thunder 160729-F-YH552-021.jpg
- **caption**: A demonstration T-33 in flight, 2016


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Training aircraft
- **manufacturer**: Lockheed Corporation, Lockheed
- **designer**: Clarence Johnson, Clarence "Kelly" Johnson
- **first flight**: 22 March 1948
- **retired**: 31 July 2017 (Bolivian Air Force)
- **primary user**: United States Air Force
- **more users**: United States Navy
Japan Air Self Defense Force
German Air Force
- **produced**: 1948–1959
- **number built**: 6,557
- **developed from**: Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
- **variants with their own articles**: Lockheed T2V SeaStar
 Canadair CT-133 Silver Star
- **developed into**: Lockheed F-94 Starfire
 Boeing Skyfox
Fat Girl

***À ma sœur!*** (English title ***For My Sister*** and ***Fat Girl***) is a melodramatic-erotic 2001 French-Italian movie. The subjects in this movie are sex, obesity and relations. The movie was not rated by the MPAA. It has explicit sexual content and violent material.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Fat Girl
- **director**: Catherine Breillat
- **producer**: Jean-François Lepetit
- **writer**: Catherine Breillat
- **starring**: Anaïs Reboux
Roxane Mesquida
Libero De Rienzo
Arsinée Khanjian
- **music**: Pierluigi Balducci and Aldo De Palma, lyrics by Francesco Quatela (Tavernanova)
- **cinematography**: Giorgos Arvanitis, Yorgos Arvanitis, A.F.C.
- **editing**: Pascale Chavance
- **distributor**: Canal+
- **runtime**: 86 minutes
- **country**: France
Italy
- **language**: French
Oras (company)

**Oras Oy** is a Finnish manufacturer of bathroom and kitchen faucets. It is in Rauma. It was established in 1945. In 2012, there were 920 workers.

Oras is the fourth-largest manufacturer of faucets in Europe. It makes 30–80% of the faucets in Finland.

## Other websites

- Company's homepage

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Oras Ltd
- **type**: Limited Company
- **founder**: Erkki Paasikivi
- **location city**: Rauma, Finland, Rauma
- **location country**: Finland
- **area served**: Europe
- **key people**: Pekka Kuusniemi <small>(CEO)</small>
- **products**: Faucets, Showers, Technical valves
- **revenue**: €131.1 million (2012)
- **owner**: Oras Invest Ltd.
- **num employees**: 920 (2012)
Bath, Maine

**Bath** is a city in the U.S. state of Maine. It is close to Portland. At the 2020 census, 8,766 people lived in Bath. Bath was incorporated as a town in February 1781. It became a city in 1847.
Runaway (dependent)

A **runaway** is a child or minor who has left their parents or legal guardians without permission. A person who runs away usually does so because of problems in the family.  Girls run away more often than boys.

## Risk factors

Studies suggest that most children run away for one or more of these reasons:

- Their parents do not care much about them
- There is physical or sexual abuse in the family
- At least one parent is addicted to drugs or alcohol
- There is violence in the family
When the runaway children were asked in a 2007 study, half of them said they had at least one parent who abused alcohol. A third had at least one parent who was addicted to drugs.

After studying runaways in a province of Pakistan, a 2011 journal article concluded that other children gave the runaway the idea to leave home in nearly 9 out of 10 cases (89%).

The likelihood of depression among female runaways is related to family conflict and communication. Depression in male runaways is typically related to the father being an alcoholic and poor family relationships. Negative interactions within the family appear to greatly influence depressive symptoms for both genders.

## Problems after running away

According to a 2010 article, about half of the children that run away will no longer go to school. Some will become homeless.

Runaways are at a higher risk of:

- Suffering from depression
- Trying to die by suicide
- Becoming criminals or victims
- Becoming addicted to drugs
- Getting sexually transmitted infections
- Having an unwanted pregnancy
- Being sexually exploited
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (trauma generally begins with runaway's family experiences and worsens with additional traumatic events)

## Related pages

- Poverty
- Homelessness

## Other websites

- National Runaway Switchboard for young people in the United States and U.S. Territories
- The Runaway Helpline for young people in the United Kingdom
- Family and Youth Services Bureau
- National Clearinghouse on Families & Youth
Warsaw Metro

**Warsaw Metro** is a metro system in Poland.

Its first line (M1) was opened in 1995, with another section being added in 2008. It has 21 stations. The next two stations are being planned.

In 2015, a second line (M2) was opened. There are 27 stations in the second line.

The system has 39 stations.

The person whose voice is used to announce station names in the Warsaw Metro is Ksawery Jasieński.

As of 2025 it is the only metro system in Poland.
Water pollution

**Water pollution** is the harmful pollution of bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, seas, the oceans, as well as groundwater. It occurs when pollutants reach these bodies of water, without treatment. Waste from homes, factories and other buildings get into the water bodies and as a result water gets polluted.

Water pollution is a problem for the species and ecosystems there. It affects plants and organisms living in the water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the wider biological communities. The color is usually green or brown but normal water can be blue.

Agriculture is one of the major sources of water pollution. The fertilizers given to the crops for better growth are washed into rivers and lakes, which in turn pollutes the water.

There are many chemicals that are naturally found in these bodies of water. Today water may be polluted by nitrates, phosphates, oil, acid rain, and debris such as sediment, fallen logs and so on. When people and animals drink water from such rivers, the poisonous chemicals may affect them. Life in rivers is also affected, and  humans who consume fish may also have health problems.

## Related pages

- Ocean pollution
Treaty of Ghent

The **Treaty of Ghent** was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom. It was signed on 24 December 1814 in the Dutch (now Belgian) city of Ghent. The treaty restored the borders of the two countries where it had been when the war began.

The treaty was ratified by Parliament on 30 December 1814. It was signed into law by the British Prince Regent (the future King George IV).  An American army under Andrew Jackson scored a major victory at the Battle of New Orleans in early January 1815. The treaty was not in effect after it was ratified by the US Senate (unanimously) in February 1815.
Heated shot

**Heated shot**, or **hot shot**, is the heating of round shot before firing from muzzle-loading cannons. The purpose is to set fire to enemy warships, buildings, or equipment.

The use of heated shot dates back centuries and was stopped when vessels armored with iron replaced wooden warships in the world's navies. It was a powerful weapon against wooden warships, where fire was always a hazard. It was used mainly on shore batteries and forts because of the need for a special furnace to heat the shot.

The use of heated shot from a ship was so dangerous that it was against Royal Navy regulations. The American ship USS _Constitution_ had a shot furnace installed for heated shot to be fired.
DMX

**Earl Simmons** (December 18, 1970 – April 9, 2021), better known by his stage name **DMX** (short for **Dark Man X**), was an American rapper and actor.

He was best known songs like "Ruff Ryders' Anthem", "How's It Goin' Down", "Whats's MY Name?", "Party Up (Up in Here)", "Where the Hood At?" and "X Gon' Give It to Ya". He was also the founder and owner of Bloodline Records. He was one of the best-selling hip hop artists ever. He released seven albums.

As an actor, DMX starred in movies such as _Belly_, _Romeo Must Die_, _Exit Wounds_, _Cradle 2 the Grave_, and _Last Hour_. In 2006, he starred in the BET reality television series _DMX: Soul of a Man_.

## Health problems and death

On February 10, 2016, he was found unresponsive at a parking lot at a Ramada Inn in Yonkers, New York. He was resuscitated by first responders and intravenously given Narcan, an opioid-reversal drug; he responded quickly to Narcan and became semi-conscious. Simmons was subsequently rushed to the hospital. A witness said he ingested a powdered substance before collapsing, but police found no illegal substances on the property. Simmons stated that it was from an asthma attack.

He died on April 9, 2021 at the age of 50. A week earlier he had been rushed to a hospital in White Plains, New York where he was reported to be in critical condition following a heart attack at his home possibly resulting from a drug overdose. The next day, his attorney Murray Richman confirmed Simmons was on life support. That same night, Simmons suffered cerebral hypoxia as paramedics attempted to resuscitate him for 30 minutes. Simmons's former manager, Nakia Walker, said he was in a "vegetative state" with "lung and brain failure and no current brain activity". His manager, SRC and Loud Records founder Steve Rifkind, stated Simmons was comatose and that he was set to undergo tests to determine his brain's functionality and his family will "determine what's best from there".

It was revealed on July 8, 2021, by the Westchester County Medical Examiner's Office that Simmons' official cause of death was a cocaine-induced heart attack.

## References

- Notes

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **origin**: Yonkers, New York, U.S.


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: DMX
- **image**: DMX.rapper (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: DMX in 2001
- **birth name**: Earl Simmons
- **birth place**: Mount Vernon, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: White Plains, New York, White Plains, New York, U.S.
- **burial place**: Oakland Cemetery (Yonkers, New York), Oakland Cemetery, Yonkers, New York, U.S.
- **years active**: 1985–2021
- **partner**: Desiree Lindstrom (2016–2021)
- **children**: 17
- **signature**: DMX Signature.png
Baliung River

The **Baliung River** is a river in Indonesia. It is in the south of Java.
Al-Shabaab (militant group)

**al-Shabaab** is an Islamist militant group based in Somalia. It seeks to eliminate Sufism from Somalia and has opposed various Sufi groups. It is recognised as a cell of al-Qaeda in 2012 until now. The official name of the group is **Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen** (). Its name is Arabic for The Movement of Youthful Mujahideen.

Some people who were in the Islamic Courts Union formed al-Shabaab in 2006 or 2007. Wahhabi ideas inflenced al-Shabaab. al-Shabaab wants to create an Islamic state at the Horn of Africa, and to take part in a global jihad, a holy war against infidels on Islamic lands.

al-Shabaab controls parts of southern Somalia. In the area it controls, there is a strict form of Sharia law. The group has claimed responsibility for various terrorist attacks including the Westgate shopping mall attack in 2013, Nairobi DusitD2 complex attack early 2019 in Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya and the Garissa University attack which killed 142 people in April 2015.
Patience

**<span lang="en-au" dir="ltr">Patience</span>** (or **forbearance**) is the ability to go through difficult times without getting mad. Patience may involve focus and without any emotional response relating to disrespect/anger.

In psychology, patience is studied as a decision-making problem, involving the choice of either a small reward in the short-term, versus a more valuable reward in the long-term.
Fan death

**Fan death** (Korean: 선풍기 사망설) is a widely-held belief in Korea that leaving an electric fan on overnight will kill a person. However, no people are known to have been killed by this.

## Supposed cause of death

The supposed cause of death is often said to be carbon monoxide poisoning, although this is impossible because an electric motor does not create carbon monoxide. Another supposed cause is asphyxiation, which is also impossible because a fan does not remove any air from a room. Hypothermia is also said to be the cause, although it too is impossible because a fan does not lower the temperature of the body enough to cause hypothermia.
Copenhagen Zoo

The **Copenhagen Zoo** is a zoo in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was built by Niels Kjærbølling in 1859. It is one of the oldest zoos in Europe. 1,161,388 people visited the zoo in 2008. It is the most visited zoo in the world, and the fourth most visited place in Denmark. Its Elephant House was built by Norman Foster.

The zoo's observation tower is 43.5 metres (142.7 ft) high. It was built in 1905. It is one of the tallest wooden observation towers in the world. It has a look similar to the Eiffel Tower.

It is the only zoo outside of Australia to have the Tasmanian devil. It also has the  Amur leopard, okapi and muskox.

A healthy young male giraffe, Marius, was killed on 9 February 2014 on the recommendation of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria so that they can save the population of them at the zoo.

## Infobox (zoo)

- **zoo name**: Copenhagen Zoo
- **image**: København Zoo (2005-06-30).jpeg
- **image caption**: Main entrance in 2005.
- **date opened**: 1859
- **location**: Copenhagen, Denmark
- **num animals**: 3000+
- **num species**: 264
- **annual visitors**: 1,161,388 (2008)
- **members**: European Association of Zoos and Aquaria, EAZA, World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, WAZA
Runaway

**Runaway** can mean several things:

- Runaway (dependent), a child who has left home without permission
- Fugitive, a person who is fleeing from prison
- Bolting (horse), a horse running away without control
- _Runaways_ (comics), a comic book series by Marvel Comics that began in 2003
- _Runaway_ (movie), a science-fiction action movie from 1984
Civil Registry and Identification Service of Chile

The **Civil Registry and Identification Service** () is an institution for public service in Chile. It registers people's civil statuses and other issues which, by law, it has to register.

## References

- Departamento de Estudios Financieros del Ministerio de Hacienda. 1958. _Manual de Organización del Gobierno de Chile_. Santiago de Chile. Talleres Gráficos La Nación S.A.

## Other websites

- Official website
Thomas Merton

**Thomas Merton** (January 31, 1915 – December 10, 1968) was an American writer and Catholic Trappist monk. He was based in Kentucky. He is known for his books on spirituality and quiet pacifism. He was a member of the Abbey of Our Lady of Gethsemani.

## Other websites

- Merton center
Rauma (Finland)

**Rauma** is a city in Finland on the southwest coast. It is most famous for the wooden architecture of its old city centre, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The smallest street in the country, is in the city; The street is a little wider than 2.50 m.

## Other websites

- Website

## Infobox (finnish municipality)

- **name**: Rauma
- **other name**: Raumo
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Rauma panorama 1.jpg
- **image caption**: Panorama picture taken from the observation deck of Rauma water tower
- **image flag**: Rauma.lippu.svg
- **flag size**: 120x70px
- **image shield**: Rauma.vaakuna.svg
- **shield size**: 120x80px
- **image map**: Rauma Suomen maakuntakartalla.png
- **map caption**: Location of Rauma in Finland
- **region**: Satakunta
- **subregion**: Rauma sub-region
South Orange, New Jersey

**South Orange, New Jersey** is a place in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is west of Newark, and south of the city of Orange. Around 18,000 people live there.

Seton Hall University is in South Orange.

A notable person from South Orange is actor Kevin Spacey.

## Other websites

- Official site
Southern Methodist University

**Southern Methodist University** (**SMU**) is a private university in University Park, Texas, a city located within the Dallas city limits. (The campus has a Dallas mailing address.) SMU was founded in 1911 by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, one of the churches that would later merge into the United Methodist Church (UMC). In 2019, SMU filed with the state of Texas to split from the UMC due to ongoing conflicts within that church. The university won a lawsuit filed by the UMC that tried to prevent its split from the church.

It is the site of the George W. Bush Presidential Center.

## Other websites

- Official website
National Zoological Gardens of South Africa

The **National Zoological Gardens of South Africa** is a zoo in Pretoria, South Africa. It is one of the top ten zoos in the world by acreage (210 acres in 2013), and number of species (705 species in 2013). There are about 9,000 individual animals in the zoo. The zoo is divided by the Apies River.

## References

- The Top 10 Largest Zoos in the World
Ann C. Crispin

**Ann Carol Crispin** (April 5, 1950 – September 6, 2013) was an American science fiction writer. She wrote twenty-three published books. Her writing career began in 1983. She wrote several books related to _Star Trek_. Crispin was born in Stamford, Connecticut. She died from cancer in Maryland.
Moscow Zoo

The **Moscow Zoo** is a zoo in Moscow, Russia. It is one of the ten largest zoos in the world. It covers  (in 2013). The zoo holds over 6,000 individual animals, of 927 species (in 2013). The zoo opened in 1864. The most recent exhibits include a sea aquarium, an aviary, a sea lion exhibit, and children's attractions. A footbridge connects the two parts of the zoo that are separated by Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Street.

## Moscow Zoo Museum

Founded in 2008 in a two-storey building of the 19th century, built in the late XIX - early XX centuries, located on the territory of the zoo. Since 2015, the museum has been open to the public and everyone. In the central and side halls there is an exposition devoted to the history of the Moscow Zoo and a natural science permanent exposition. The collection of the museum includes more than 10,000 zoo coat of arms from all over the world, hundreds of paintings, sculptures and drawings by the masters of Russian animalistics, such as Vasily Vatagin, Alexei Komarov, Vadim Trofimov, Andrei Marts and Alexei Tsvetkov.

## Research & Educational Center

The Moscow Zoo has her own educational institute. In addition to full-training for zoo staff and teachers, there is a continuing education program for zoo and aquarium staff, veterinarians, teachers and volunteers, as well as courses in zoo psychology. Since the Moscow Zoo has been chairman of all zoos in Russia since the Soviet period, it is a national training center. It was founded in 2017 by the current director Svetlana Akulova and Björn Stenvers.

## References

- The Top 10 Largest Zoos in the World

## Other websites

- Moscow Zoo Academy
Berlin Zoological Garden

The **Berlin Zoological Garden** is 86 acres in size and houses 1,200 species.

It holds the most comprehensive collection of species in the world. There were more than 20,219 individual animals in the zoo in 2017.

The zoo opened in 1844. It was the first Zoo to be built in Germany. It is located in the southwestern section of the Tiergarten. It was the home of the famous baby polar bear Knut.

Several architects have created the houses for the different species in the zoo.  The Antelope House dates to 1872 and the Elephant House to 1873. The Hippopotamus House dates to 1997. It demonstrates the application of modern zoo concepts to a particular species. The hippos live under a roof of 13,000 square feet of glass solar panel. They can now be seen above and beneath the water.

During World War II, the elephants at the Zoo were killed in the air raids of September 7-8, 1941. Zoo officials also killed animals at the time. In November 1943, more than 1,000 bombs were dropped over the zoo, destroying many buildings and burning to death many animals. As many as 12,000 animals were killed in the Berlin Zoological Garden during the bombings of World War II.
Afrosoricida

**Afrosoricida** is an order of mammals, which includes the Tenrecs and the Golden mole. Tenrecs look like hedgehogs in appearance. Golden moles look like moles. Sequence analysis found that these animals are not closely related to other insectivores.

Some biologists use **Tenrecomorpha** as the name for the tenrec-golden mole clade, but Gary Bronner and Paulina Jenkins argue that Afrosoricida is more appropriate, despite their misgivings about the similarity between the name "Afrosoricida" and the unrelated shrew subgenus _Afrosorex_.
Brookfield Place

**Brookfield Place**, originally and commonly known as the **World Financial Center** is a complex of office buildings in Battery Park City in Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is near the World Trade Center. It is home to the offices of a number of companies such as Merrill Lynch, American Express, Brookfield Office Properties, and others. It was opened in 1988. It was designed by César Pelli.

The complex was very badly damaged in the September 11 attacks. It had to be closed for several months while repairs were being done.

The complex was renamed to "Brookfield Place" in 2013.

## Buildings

- One World Financial Center
    - Address: 200 Liberty Street
    - Height:  577 ft (176 m)
    - Floors: 40
    - Built: 1986
- Two World Financial Center
    - Address: 225 Liberty Street
    - Height:  645 ft (197 m)
    - Floors: 44
    - Built: 1987
- Three World Financial Center
    - Address: 200 Vesey Street
    - Height: 739 ft (225 m)
    - Floors: 51
    - Built: 1985
- Four World Financial Center
    - Address: 250 Vesey Street
    - Height: 500 ft (152 m)
    - Floors: 34
    - Built: 1986
- Winter Garden Atrium (1988), a 45,000 ft² glass domed building that has a number of plants, trees, and flowers. It also has shopping areas and cafes. It was very badly damaged in the September 11 attacks. It was reopened on September 11, 2002.
- NYMEX building
    - Address: 1 North End Avenue
    - Height: 253 ft (77 m)
    - Floors: 16
    - Built: 1997

## Other websites

- Official website
Petting zoo

A **petting zoo** is a small zoo where visitors (mostly children) can get up close to animals and pet them. Animals in such zoos are typically gentle, domesticated baby animals like lambs, piglets, chicks, puppies, kittens, ducklings, and bunnies.

Petting zoos are usually a children's feature of larger zoos. Backdrops may be fairy tale settings such as the three pigs' houses of straw, twigs, and brick or Old Macdonald's farm. Wishing wells, footbridges, and other objects that appeal to children may also be featured. Food for the children to give to the animals may be available.

Sometimes petting zoos are found along roadsides in farm country. Petting zoos are well supervised to prevent injury to either children or the animals. A small fee might be charged to enter a petting zoo.
De Havilland

The **de Havilland Aircraft Company Limited** was a British aircraft manufacturer, founded in 1920 by Geoffrey de Havilland. It was based in Hatfield, Hertfordshire. De Havilland produced the first jet-powered passenger aircraft.

## Other websites

- de Havilland Aircraft Museum
Columbus Zoo and Aquarium

The **Columbus Zoo and Aquarium** is a zoo in Ohio, United States. It is one of the largest zoos in the world in terms of area () and species of animals (about 790). The zoo is located north of Columbus, in Powell, Ohio. There are about 10,000 individual animals in the zoo.

## References

- The Top Ten Largest Zoos in the World
Louis B. Mayer

**Louis Burt Mayer** (July 12, 1884 – October 29, 1957) was an American movie producer. He was born **Lazar Meir** to Russian Jewish parents in Minsk (which is today in Belarus). He was a part of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He was a founder of the Academy Awards. He died of leukemia.
Hollywood blacklist

The **Hollywood blacklist** was a system of denying employment to Hollywood actors, producers, screenwriters, directors, and other people in entertainment who were suspected of undesirable political connections or other undesirable associations. Communist sympathies and homosexual tendencies were two of the connections considered most undesirable. It mostly occurred through the middle of the 20th century, in the 1940s and 1950s.
https://blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/american-blacklist-new-hollywood/#:~:text=blacklisted%20in%20the%201950s%20for%20his%20activism
Alan Parker

**Sir Alan William Parker**,  (14 February 1944 – 31 July 2020) was a British movie director from Islington, London. One of his best known movies is _Bugsy Malone_ (1975).

## Early years

Parker was born into a working-class family in Islington, North London, the son of Elsie Ellen, a dressmaker, and William Leslie Parker, a house painter.

## Death

Parker died in London on 31 July 2020 at age 76.

## Filmography

- _Melody_ (1971) (writer only)
- _Our Cissy_ (1974) (short film)
- _Footsteps_ (1974) (short film)
- _The Evacuees_ (TV, 1975)
- _Bugsy Malone_ (1976)
- _Midnight Express_ (1978)
- _Fame_ (1980)
- _Shoot the Moon_ (1982)
- _Pink Floyd—The Wall_ (1982)
- _Birdy_ (1984)
- _Angel Heart_ (1987)
- _Mississippi Burning_ (1988)
- _Come See the Paradise_ (1990)
- _The Commitments_ (1991)
- _The Road to Wellville_ (1994)
- _Evita_ (1996)
- _Angela's Ashes_ (1999)
- _The Life of David Gale_ (2003)

## Other websites

- Official Alan Parker Website

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Sir
- **name**: Alan Parker
- **honorific suffix**: CBE
- **image**: Alan Parker (Director), London, 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Alan Parker at his Soho Offices, London, April 2008
- **birth name**: Alan William Parker
- **birth place**: Islington, County of London, London, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **education**: Dame Alice Owen's School
- **years active**: 1971-2020
Aviary

An **aviary** is a place where birds are kept. It is larger than a birdcage. Some aviaries are large enough for birds to fly some distance. Many zoos have aviaries. People who breed birds to sell also have aviaries. Many aviaries have plants and other things to imitate nature.
St. Peter's Square

**St. Peter's Square** ( , ) is a large plaza in front of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City, Rome. The Pope frequently addresses pilgrims gathered in the square. It is named after Saint Peter.

At the centre of the square is an ancient Egyptian obelisk, erected at the current site in 1586. Gian Lorenzo Bernini designed the square almost 100 years later A granite fountain constructed by Bernini in 1675 matches another fountain designed by Carlo Maderno in 1613.

## Further reading

- Hibbert, Christopher, 1985, _Rome: The biography of a city_, London, Penguin.
- Norwich, John Julius, ed. 1975 _Great Architecture of the World_
- Touring Club Italiano, _Roma e Dintorni_

## Other websites

- stpetersbasilica.info Pages for all 140 Colonnade Saints
- Great Buildings On-line: Piazza of St. Peter's
- Roberto Piperno, "Piazza di S. Pietro": engravings by Vasi
- Mary Ann Sullivan, "St Peter's Piazza, Vatican City"
- Obeliscus Vaticanus LacusCurtius.com, The Vatican Obelisk, retrieved September 4, 2006
- The legend of the cry of Bresca Legendary Rome
- Rome, Nova Online, Mysteries of the Nile, A World of Obelisks: Rome pbs.org, retrieved September 4, 2006
- St. Peter's Square, Bernini's Fountain
Sandbar

A **sandbar**, or **shoal** is a landform which is in or partly in a body of water. Usually it is made of sand, silt, and/or small pebbles.

## Description

Shoals are long and narrow ridges. They can develop where a stream, river, or ocean current deposits sediment and granular material.

Shoals look like a coastal landform in the sea. They are classified as a type of ocean bank, or as fluvial landforms in rivers, streams, and lakes.

They are usually made up of sand. They can also be made up of soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders.
Old MacDonald Had a Farm

"**Old MacDonald Had a Farm**" is a children's song. It tells of the different animals found on a farm and the sounds they make. Animals include a cow, a duck, a sheep, and any other animals the singer cares to imitate. A typical verse:
<poem>
_Old Macdonald had a farm, E-I-E-I-O!_
_And on this farm he had a cow, E-I-E-I-O!_
_With a moo-moo here,_
_And a moo-moo there,_
_Here a moo, there a moo,_
_Everywhere a moo-moo,_
_Old Macdonald had a farm E-I-E-I-O!_
</poem>
The Inheritors (novel)

***The Inheritors*** is the 1955 second novel by the British author William Golding, who is best known for _Lord of the Flies_. It was his personal favourite, and concerns the extinction of one of the last remaining tribes of Neanderthals at the hands of the more sophisticated (and malevolent) _Homo sapiens_.

One of the band, Lok, is a "point of view" character. He is the one we follow as one by one the adults of the band die or are killed, then the young are stolen by the "new people" The new people are a group of early modern humans. Lok and Fa, the remaining adults, are both fascinated and repelled by the new people. They observe their actions and rituals with amazement, only slowly understanding that harm is meant by the 'sticks' (arrows) of the new people.

Lok's people have powerful sense-impressions and feelings, and appear sometimes to share thoughts in a near-telepathic way. They live very simply, using their mental abilities to connect to one another without extensive vocabulary or the kinds of memories that create culture. They have wide knowledge of food sources, mostly roots and vegetables. Their lives are lived so much in the present that the reader realizes they are very different from us, living in something like an eternal present, or at least a present broken and shaped by seasons. The way they cope with planning and imagination is by saying the phrase "I have a picture", and then talking about their thoughts.

In the final chapter, we move to the point of view of the new race, more or less modern humans fleeing in their boats. Apparently they are terribly afraid of the Neanderthals whom they believe to be devils of the forest. This last chapter, the only one written from the humans' point of view, points to the inheritance of the world by the new species.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Inheritors
- **author**: William Golding
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Novel
- **publisher**: Faber & Faber
- **release date**: 1955
- **media type**: Print: (Hardcover, hardback & paperback)
- **pages**: 233 pp
Wishing well

A **wishing well** is a well in which a person throws a coin and at the same time makes a wish. The phrase "wishing well" likely comes from old stories in Europe. People believed that if you made a wish out loud, it might come true. Water was really important for life, so people saw it as something special, like a gift from the gods. They thought that if you made a wish at a well, where water came from, it might be more likely to come true because they believed gods lived in water or gave it to people.

## History of ancient wishing wells

Wishing wells were important in ancient cultures for connecting with gods and asking for blessings. In German tribes, they believed strongly in wishing wells as a way to control fate through magic. Norse mythology even tells a story of Odin giving up his eye for wisdom at a well.

People used wishing wells for divination, throwing coins in and reading the patterns as signs from the gods. Some wells were thought to have healing powers, and people would drink or bathe in the water to cure diseases.

### European wishing wells

European Wishing Wells are common in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and other parts of Europe. They're usually made of stone and have a pool of water at the bottom. People toss coins into the water to make wishes. An example is the Frankfurt Wishing Wells in Germany. There are many similar wells across Europe.

### American wishing wells

Wishing wells in American culture aren't just about hope and optimism; they're also seen as a way to connect with the spiritual world. When you make a wish at one, it's common to give a donation or leave a small token to show gratitude for your wish coming true.

### Wishing wells from other cultures

Following wishing wells are found in different parts of the worldː

- The Japanese tsukubai
- The Chinese jingzhe
- The Indian jal kund
- The African mbari
Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?

**Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?** is a song from the Walt Disney animated short movie _Three little pigs_ (1933). It was written by Frank Churchill and Ann Ronell. The song buoyed spirits during the Great Depression. It inspired the title of Edward Albee's _Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?_ (1963).
Franchot Tone

**Franchot Tone** (born **Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone** on February 27, 1905 – September 18, 1968) was an American actor. He was married briefly to actress Joan Crawford. They made several movies together. His best known movie is _Mutiny on the Bounty_ (1935). He also performed on radio, television, and the stage. He died of lung cancer in New York City in 1968.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Franchot Tone
- **image**: Franchot Tone in Mutiny on the Bounty trailer.jpg
- **caption**: Tone in _Mutiny on the Bounty_ (1935)
- **birth name**: Stanislaus Pascal Franchot Tone
- **birth date**: February 27, 1905
- **death date**: September 18, 1968
- **nationality**: American
- **known for**: _Mutiny on the Bounty (1935 movie), Mutiny on the Bounty_
- **occupation**: Actor
Bird cage

A **bird cage** (sometimes **birdcage**) is a cage to hold a bird. Bird cages are used in the home to contain a pet bird, such as a parakeet or a canary. Bird cages used in the home are made of metal wire. A bird cage usually has seed and water dishes, a cuttle bone, and toys such as little bells and mirrors. However, the best ones available are shredding and foraging toys, which are more expensive than the "classic" bird accessories. These keep the birds engaged and prevent boredom. There are perches for the bird to sit on. A cage may be hung from a ceiling or a floor stand. The floor of the cage is usually lined with some sort of paper to absorb the bird's droppings, water spills, etc.

When a bird cage is round, tall and narrow or made of galvanized metal it should be avoided. Round cages confuse the birds and cause behavioral issues due to their shape, narrow and tall cages don't let the bird fly properly and any type of galvanized metal can potentially cause a lethal heavy metal intoxication.

## Size

Bird cages should be at least 18x18x18 inches when it comes to small birds. For bigger species an aviary can be the best option.
Breeding birds will need a very big cage and a nest box.
If a bird is going to be caged many hours everyday it will need at least a small aviary with a lot of shredding and foraging toys to not develop behavioral issues such as feather plucking.
Saint Sophia Cathedral in Harbin

**Saint Sophia Cathedral**, or the **Cathedral of the Holy Wisdom of God**, is a former Orthodox church in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.

This church was built in 1907. It was closed during the Cultural Revolution. In 1997, it was turned into a museum.
Henri Murger

**Henri Murger** (27 March 1822 – 28 January 1861) was a French writer. He is known for a book called _Scènes de la vie de bohème_. This book is about the life of poor poets, artists, and musicians in Paris of the 1830s. It became the basis for Giacomo Puccini's opera _La bohème_, for Ruggero Leoncavallo's opera of the same name, and for other musical works. Murger was born and died in Paris.

He was very famous.

## Other websites

- https://www.facebook.com/pages/Henry-Murger/784671611549716
Scenes of Bohemian Life

***Scènes de la vie de bohème*** _(Scenes from the Bohemian Life)_ is a book by Henri Murger. It was published in parts between 1847 and 1849, and in book form in 1851. The book is about the lives of the poor and Bohemian poets, artists, and musicians in Paris about 1830. It was the basis for _La bohème_, an opera by Giacomo Puccini in 1896, and another opera of the same name by Ruggero Leoncavallo in 1897.
Luigi Illica

**Luigi Illica** (9 May 1857 – 16 December 1919) was an Italian writer.  He wrote the librettos (stories and words) for many operas. He teamed with Giuseppe Giacosa for Puccini's operas _La bohème_, _Tosca_, and _Madama Butterfly_. He also wrote the libretto for Umberto Giordano's _Andrea Chénier_.
Giuseppe Giacosa

**Giuseppe Giacosa** (21 October 1847 – 1 September 1906) was an Italian writer. He wrote the libretti (stories and words) with Luigi Illica for Puccini's operas _La bohème_, _Tosca_, and _Madama Butterfly_. He was born in Turin, Italy.
Entrapment

**Entrapment** is inducement to commit a crime, especially by authorities, to get a conviction. The implication is that the person might otherwise have been unlikely to commit the crime. In some countries, entrapment is a possible defense against criminal liability.

Another similar term is ***agent provocateur***, an older French term for the person who does the inducing.

A sting operation is a more sophisticated way to trap criminals. It usually involves leaving a bait, and filming or catching whoever takes the bait.
Sos Sargsyan

**Sos Sargsyan** (24 October 1929 – 26 September 2013) was a famous Armenian actor, director, and writer. He was known for his roles in _Guys from the Army Band_, _Solaris_, and in _Nahapet_.

Sargsyan was born on 24 October 1929 in Stepanavan, Soviet Armenia. He was raised in Yerevan, Armenia. Sargsyan died on 26 September 2013 in Yerevan, Armenia from a heart attack, aged 83.
Tuskegee University

**Tuskegee University** is in Tuskegee, Alabama. It is a historic African American university.

## Related pages

- Booker T. Washington
- Tuskegee Airmen
- Tuskegee syphilis experiment

## Other websites

- University website
Alawites

The **Alawites**, also known as **Alawis** (_ʿAlawīyyah_ ) are an Arab ethnoreligious group who live primarily in the Levant particularly in the coastal regions or the areas near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Alawism is a sect which branched out from Shia Islam during the 9th century. They live mainly in Syria but also have a presence in neighboring countries Lebanon and Turkey. They initially branched out of the Twelver school of Shia Islam however they differ greatly from the Twelver Shias as they believe in the divinity of Ali. Alawites worship Ali, and the name "Alawi" means followers of Ali. Alawites are also called **Nusayris** although this term has been considered derogatory.

## Other websites

- Reuters
Sung Wong Toi

**Sung Wong Toi** () is a historic relic in Hong Kong. It is now in the Sung Wong Toi Garden.

There was a legend that Sung Wong Toi was built to remember the Emperor Duanzong of Song and his younger brother. It was because they had once escaped to Hong Kong.
Umberto Giordano

**Umberto Menotti Maria Giordano** (28 August 1867 – 12 November 1948) was an Italian composer. He wrote many operas. His opera _Andrea Chénier_ (1896) is still performed.
Mutiny on the Bounty (1935 movie)

***Mutiny on the Bounty*** is an MGM movie from 1935 directed by Frank Lloyd and produced by Irving Thalberg. It was directed by Frank Lloyd. It is based on the novel of the same name by Charles Nordoff and James Hall. The movie is about the mutiny on the ship _Bounty_.

It stars  Charles Laughton as Captain Bligh, Clark Gable as Fletcher Christian, Franchot Tone as Roger Byam, and Movita Castaneda as a Tahitian girl. All three were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor. The movie won the 1935 Academy Award for Best Picture.