juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tokyo Woman's Christian University

, often called as **TWCU** or , is a well-known private university in Tokyo, Japan.

## Organization

TWCU has one faculty divided into twelve departments.  In 2018, the departments of the university have been restructured. Graduate programs are offered in their Graduate school.

- Department of International English; It is the department focusing on globish and related topics.

- Department of Humanities
    - Department of Philosophy
    - Department of Japanese Literature
    - Department of History and Culture

- Department of International Society; The department for social studies.
    - Department of International Relations
    - Department of Economics
    - Department of Sociology
    - Department of Community Planning

- Department of Psychology and Communication
    - Department of Psychology
    - Department of Communication

- Department of Mathematical Science
    - Department of Mathematics
    - Department of Information Sciences

## Other websites

- Tokyo Woman's Christian University

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Tokyo Woman's Christian University
- **native name**: 東京女子大学
Tōkyō Joshi Daigaku
- **image**: Tonjo0159.jpg
- **caption**: Reischauer House, Tokyo Woman's Christian University
- **motto**: Quaecunque Sunt Vera
- **motto lang**: la
- **mottoeng**: Whatsoever Things Are True
- **established**: 1918
- **type**: Private
- **city**: Tokyo
- **country**: Japan
- **website**: http://office.twcu.ac.jp/o-board/twcu-e/text/index.html
Robert J. Brown

**Robert J. Brown** (June 15, 1935 – November 14, 2020) was an American educator and politician. Brown was born in Stillwater, Minnesota. He was a member of the Minnesota Senate from 1967 to 1976. He was a Republican.

Brown died at his home in Roseville, Minnesota on November 14, 2020 at the age of 85.
Roseville, Minnesota

**Roseville** is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Roseville, Minnesota
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: Ramsey_County_Minnesota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Roseville_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of the city of Roseville
within Ramsey County, Minnesota
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Minnesota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Minnesota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Ramsey County, Minnesota, Ramsey
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Council
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: 1948
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 35.86
- **area land km2**: 33.72
- **area water km2**: 2.14
- **area total sq mi**: 13.85
- **area land sq mi**: 13.02
- **area water sq mi**: 0.83
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 36254
- **population density km2**: 1075.11
- **population density sq mi**: 2784.49
- **population blank1 title**: Demonym
- **population blank1**: Rosevillian
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 912
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 55112, 55113
- **area code**: Area code 651, 651
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 27-55852
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2396435
François d'Harcourt

**François d'Harcourt** (10 December 1928 – 5 November 2020) was a French politician. He was born in Paris. d'Harcourt was a member of the Union for French Democracy. He was a member of the National Assembly from 1973 to 1997.

d'Harcourt died on 5 November 2020 in Annecy, France at the age of 91.
Hasbullah Osman

**Hasbullah bin Osman** (17 February 1957 – 16 November 2020) was a Malaysian politician. He was Chairman of the Syarikat Perumahan Negara Berhad (SPNB) from May 2020 until his death. He was a member of the Parliament of Malaysia between 2013 until his death. He also was a Member of the Perak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Temenggor from March 2004 to May 2013.

Osman was born in Gerik, British Malaysia. He died at a hospital in Pahang, Malaysia on 16 November 2020 from a heart attack caused by heart disease, aged 63.
Camille Bonnet

**Camille Bonnet** (31 August 1918 – 17 November 2020) was a French rugby union player. He won the 1944–45 French Rugby Union Championship. He was born in Nogaro, France. His career lasted from 1936 until 1948.

Bonnet died of COVID-19 on 17 November 2020, at the age of 102.
Anneliese Schuh-Proxauf

**Anneliese Schuh-Proxauf** (10 March 1922 – 17 November 2020) was an Austrian alpine skier and tennis player. She competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics.

Schuh-Proxauf was born  in Innsbruck and died in the same city at the age of 98.
Jean Darnel

**Jean Darnel** (1923 – 20 November 2020) was a French actor and director. He was born in Bayonne, France. He acted and directed many French productions of classical plays such as _Romeo and Juliet_, _Hamlet_ and _Cyrano de Bergerac_.

Darnel died in Paris on 20 November 2020.
Cyrano de Bergerac (play)

***Cyrano de Bergerac*** is a play written in 1897 by Edmond Rostand. It is slightly based on the real Cyrano de Bergerac, and the play is a fictional story about his life.

The play has been translated and performed many times, and it is responsible for introducing the word "panache" into the English language.

## Infobox (play)

- **name**: Cyrano de Bergerac
- **image**: Gravure-cyrano2.jpg
- **caption**: Cyrano de Bergerac, the man for whom the play is named and upon whose life it is based
- **writer**: Edmond Rostand
- **setting**: France, 1640
- **date of premiere**: 1897
- **orig lang**: French
- **genre**: Romance (heroic literature), Romance
Cyrano de Bergerac

**Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac** ( , ; 6 March 1619 – 28 July 1655) was a French novelist,  playwright, epistolarian and duelist. He is best known as the inspiration for Edmond Rostand's most well known drama _Cyrano de Bergerac_ (1897).

## Infobox (writer)

- **image**: Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac.JPG
- **native name**: Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac
- **native name lang**: fr
- **birth name**: Savinien de Cyrano
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Sannois, France
- **occupation**: Novelist, playwright, duelist
- **language**: French
- **nationality**: French
- **period**: 1653–1662
Edmond Rostand

**Edmond Eugène Alexis Rostand** (, , ; 1 April 1868 – 2 December 1918) was a French poet and dramatist. He is known for his works which are known as neo-romanticism. His best known play was the 1897 play _Cyrano de Bergerac_.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Edmond Rostand
- **image**: Edmond Rostand en habit vert 01.jpg
- **caption**: Rostand in the uniform of the Académie française, 1905
- **birth place**: Marseille, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **occupation**: Poet, playwright
- **nationality**: French
- **genre**: Neo Romanticism
- **spouse**: Rosemonde Gérard
- **children**: Jean Rostand
Maurice Rostand
Corrie van Gorp

**Corrie van Gorp** (30 June 1942 – 22 November 2020) was a Dutch actress and singer. She was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands. She starred in the Dutch television series _De Wereld Draait Door_.

Van Gorp died on 22 November 2020 in Rotterdam at the age of 78.
Benjamín Jiménez Hernández

**Benjamin Jiménez Hernández** (31 March 1938 – 26 November 2020) was a Mexican Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1963. He was the titular bishop of _Sellectum_ and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Culiacán, Mexico from 1989 to 1993 and then as bishop of the diocese from 1993 to 2011.

Jiménez Hernández died on 26 November 2020 at the age of 82.
Louis Nzala Kianza

**Louis Nzala Kianza** (6 February 1946 – 26 November 2020) was a Democratic Republic of the Congo Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1927. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Popokabaka from 1996 until his retirement in 2020. He also was the apostolic administrator of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Idiofa from 2006 to 2009.

Kianza died on 26 November 2020 at the age of 74.
Roger Fite

**Roger Fite** (13 October 1938 – 28 November 2020) was a French rugby union player. He was born in Cabrerolles, France. Fite made his first international appearance with France on 23 March 1963. After his playing career, Fite became President of the Comité du Limousin. He also sat on the steering committee of the French Rugby Federation.

Fite died on 28 November 2020 at the age of 82.
Remo Sernagiotto

**Remo Sernagiotto** (1 September 1955 – 29 November 2020) was an Italian politician. He was born in Montebelluna, Italy. He was a member of the Christian Democrat. He was first elected to the Regional Council of Veneto in 2000 for Forza Italia (FI).

He was re-elected to the Regional Council of Veneto in 2005.

In the 2014 European Parliament election Sernagiotto was elected member of the European Parliament (MEP) and left office in 2019.

Sernagiotto died on 29 November 2020 from a heart attack at the age of 65.
Montebelluna

**Montebelluna** is a city and _comune_ in Veneto, Italy, about  northwest of Venice. It has a population of 32,000.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Montebelluna
- **official name**: Città di Montebelluna
- **image skyline**: Santa Maria in Colle1.JPG
- **image caption**: The church of Santa Maria in Colle.
- **image shield**: Montebelluna-Stemma.png
- **region**: Veneto
- **province**: Province of Treviso, Treviso (TV)
- **frazioni**: Busta, Biadene, San Gaetano, Sant'Andrea, Mercato Vecchio, Caonada, Contea, Posmon, La Pieve, Guarda, Pederiva
- **mayor party**: Lega Nord, LN
- **mayor**: Marzio Favero
- **area total km2**: 48.98
- **population total**: 32000
- **population as of**: December 31, 2007
- **population demonym**: Montebellunesi
- **elevation m**: 109
- **saint**: B.V.M. Immacolata
- **day**: December 8
- **postal code**: 31044
- **area code**: 0423
Viorel Turcu

**Viorel Turcu** (9 August 1960 – 29 November 2020) was a Romanian footballer. He played as a midfielder. He was born in Popești, Romania. Turcu made seven appearances for the national team in 1982.

Turcu died on 29 November 2020 in Piatra Neamț, Romania at the age of 60.
Piatra Neamț

**Piatra Neamț** (, , ) is the capital city of Neamț County, in the historical region of Western Moldavia, in northeastern Romania.

## Infobox (romanian subdivision)

- **type**: municipality
- **county**: Neamț
- **population total**: auto
- **image map**: Piatra Neamț in the Neamț County.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Neamț County
- **official name**: Piatra Neamț
- **image shield**: ROU NT Piatra Neamt CoA.png
- **image skyline**: Tower1499.jpg
- **image caption**: 15th century Nativity of St. John the Baptist Church, Piatra Neamț, Stephen's Tower (the city symbol) in the medieval town square
- **leader name**: Dragoș Chitic
- **leader party**: PNL
- **area total km2**: 77.4
- **elevation**: 345
- **postal code**: 610004–610292
Betty Bobbitt

**Betty Ann Bobbitt** (February 7, 1939 – November 30, 2020) was an American-born Australian actress, director, singer, and playwright. She was born in New York City. Bobbitt's career began in 1957. She was known for her cameos in the _Crocodile Dundee_ movie series playing American tourists. She also played Judy Bryant in the 1980s crime drama _Prisoner_.

Bobbitt died on November 30, 2020 in Melbourne from a stroke at the age of 81.
Kiran Maheshwari

**Kiran Maheshwari** (29 October 1961 – 30 November 2020) was an Indian politician. She was born in Udaipur, Rajasthan. Maheshwari was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. She was a member of the Lok Sabha from 2004 to 2009.

Maheshwari died of COVID-19 on 30 November 2020 at a hospital in Gurgaon, Haryana at the age of 59.
Mildred Harris

**Mildred Harris** ( – July 20, 1944) was an American actress. She was also the first wife of Charlie Chaplin.

She appeared in Frank Capra's 1928 silent drama _The Power of the Press_ with Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. and Jobyna Ralston and the same year, starred in Universal Pictures first sound movie _Melody of Love_ opposite Walter Pidgeon.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mildred Harris
- **image**: MildredPrivatecolletion2.jpg
- **caption**: Harris, c. 1919
- **birth date**: November 29 1901
- **birth place**: Cheyenne, Wyoming, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1912–1944
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 2
Amazon river dolphin

The **Amazon river dolphin**, **boto,** **bufeo** or **pink dolphin** (_Inia geoffrensis_) is one of five species of river dolphin. The Amazon river dolphin lives in the Amazon River and Orinoco River. It is greyish pink in color.  It is endangered because of dams and water pollution, especially mercury pollution.
Lita Grey

**Lita Grey** (born **Lillita Louise MacMurray**, April 15, 1908 – December 29, 1995), who was known for most of her life as **Lita Grey Chaplin**, was an American actress. She was the second wife of Charlie Chaplin.

## Movies

|style="background:#B0C4DE;"|Year|style="background:#B0C4DE;"|Title|style="background:#B0C4DE;"|Role|style="background:#B0C4DE;"|Note|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1983|_Unknown Chaplin_|Herself|TV|||||
|1979|_The Hollywood Greats_|Herself|TV|||||
|1953|_This Is Your Life_|Herself|TV|||||
|1949|_The Devil's Sleep_|Judge Rosalind Ballentine||||||
|1938|_Skyline Revue_|Party Guest|Short|||||
|1933|_Seasoned Greetings_|Store Owner|Short|||||
|_Mr. Broadway_|Lita Grey|||||||
|1925|_The Gold Rush_|Extra|Uncredited|||||
|1921|_The Idle Class_|Maid|Uncredited|||||
|_The Kid_|Flirtatious Angel|Uncredited||||||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lita Grey
- **image**: Lita Grey.jpg
- **caption**: Lita Grey in 1925
- **birth name**: Lillita Louise MacMurray
- **birth place**: Hollywood, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **children**: Charles Chaplin Jr.
Sydney Chaplin (American actor), Sydney Earl Chaplin
Paulette Goddard

**Paulette Goddard** (born **Marion Levy**; June 3, 1910 – April 23, 1990) was an American actress and model. She was known as one of the  Ziegfeld Girl.

She became a major star of  Paramount Pictures in the 1940s. Her most known movies were her first major role, as Charlie Chaplin's leading lady in _Modern Times_ (1936) and Chaplin's movie _The Great Dictator_.

She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in _So Proudly We Hail!_ (1943).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Paulette Goddard
- **image**: Paulette Goddard 1947.jpg
- **caption**: Goddard in 1947
- **birth name**: Marion Levy
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **death place**: Ronco sopra Ascona, Ticino, Switzerland
- **death cause**: Heart failure caused by emphysema
- **resting place**: Ronco Village Cemetery, Ticino, Switzerland
- **nationality**: American
- **years active**: 1926–1972
- **spouse**:
Modern Times (movie)

***Modern Times*** is a 1936 American silent comedy movie written and directed by Charlie Chaplin. It is known for being the last time that Chaplin played the Tramp character and for being the first time Chaplin's voice is heard on movie.

In 1989, _Modern Times_ was one of the first 25 movies selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Modern Times
- **image**: Modern Times poster.jpg
- **director**: Charlie Chaplin
- **producer**: Charlie Chaplin
- **writer**: Charlie Chaplin
- **starring**: Charlie Chaplin
 Paulette Goddard
 Henry Bergman
 Tiny Sandford
 Chester Conklin
- **music**: Charlie Chaplin
- **cinematography**: Ira H. Morgan
 Roland Totheroh
- **editing**: Willard Nico
- **distributor**: United Artists
(1936 release)
Classic Entertainment
(1972 release)
- **released**: February 5, 1936
- **runtime**: 87 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $1.5 million
- **gross**: $1.8 million (Domestic)
The Kid (1921 movie)

***The Kid *** is a 1921 American silent comedy-drama movie written, produced, directed and starring Charlie Chaplin and Jackie Coogan.

In 2011, _The Kid_ was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Kid
- **image**: CC The Kid 1921.jpg
- **border**: yes
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Charlie Chaplin
- **producer**: Charlie Chaplin
- **writer**: Charlie Chaplin
- **music**: Charlie Chaplin <small>(1972 re-release)</small>
- **cinematography**: Roland Totheroh, R. H. Totheroh
- **editing**: Charlie Chaplin
- **studio**: Charlie Chaplin, Charles Chaplin Productions
- **distributor**: First National Pictures, First National
- **country**: United States
- **budget**: $250,000
- **gross**: $5,450,000
The Tramp

**The Tramp** (_Charlot_ in several languages), also known as **The Little Tramp**, was British actor Charlie Chaplin's most well-known character on-screen. The Tramp has become an icon in world cinema. The character was popular during the era of silent movies.

The character is known to be humorous, often acting drunk, and clumsy.

## Infobox (character)

- **name**: The Tramp
- **image**: Charlie Chaplin.jpg
- **caption**: Charlie Chaplin as The Tramp
- **creator**: Charlie Chaplin
- **portrayer**: Charlie Chaplin
- **gender**: Male
- **first**: _Kid Auto Races at Venice_
- **last**: _Modern Times (movie), Modern Times_
Kid Auto Races at Venice

***Kid Auto Races at Venice*** (also known as ***The Pest***) is a 1914 American movie starring Charlie Chaplin. The movie is known for being the first appearance of Chaplin's well known Little Tramp" character.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Kid Auto Races at Venice
- **image**: CC Kid Auto Races at Venice 1914 (poster).jpg
- **caption**: Theatrical poster for _Kid Auto Races at Venice_ (1914)
- **director**: Henry Lehrman
- **producer**: Mack Sennett
- **writer**: Henry Lehrman
- **distributor**: Keystone Studios
- **runtime**: 6 minutes, 22 seconds
- **language**: Silent film
English (language), English (Original titles)
- **country**: United States
Tom Casperson

**Tom Casperson** (July 20, 1959 – November 29, 2020) was an American politician. He was born in Escanaba, Michigan. He was a Republican member of the Michigan State Senate from 2011 to 2018. He was a member of the Michigan State House of Representatives from 2003 to 2008.

Caperson died on November 29, 2020 from lung cancer in Escanaba at the age of 61.
Michael J. Budds

**Michael Joseph Budds** (June 11, 1947 – November 19, 2020) was an American musicologist. He was a professor at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri. Many of his works focused on American popular music. He was born in Pana, Illinois.

Budds died on November 19, 2020 in Columbia at the age of 73.
Agnieszka Chylińska

**Agnieszka Barbara Chylińska** (born May 23, 1976, in Gdańsk) is a Polish singer-songwriter, actress, dancer, author and television personality.

From 1994 to 2003, she was the vocalist for the Polish rock band O.N.A.. Since 2003 she has performed as Chylińska and in 2004 she released an album titled _Winna_. Since 2008 she has been a judge on the Polish version of the _Got Talent_ franchise called _Mam talent!_. In 2009, she released a studio album _Modern Rocking_, then _Forever Child_ (2016) and _Pink Punk_ (2018)

### Studio albums

|rowspan="2"|Title|rowspan="2"|Album details|colspan="2"|Peak chart positions|rowspan="2"|Certifications|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|* Released: March 22, 2004 * Label: Pomaton EMI * Formats: CD, digital download|2|—||||||
|* Released: October 26, 2009 * Label: EMI Music Poland * Formats: CD, digital download|1|—|* ZPAV: Platinum|||||
|* Released: September 30, 2016 * Label: Warner Music Poland * Formats: CD, LP, digital download|1|44|* ZPAV: 3× Platinum|||||
|* Released: October 26, 2018 * Label: Warner Music Poland * Formats: CD, LP, digital download|2|—|* ZPAV: Gold|||||
|colspan="5"|"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.|||||||

### Live albums

|rowspan="2"|Title|rowspan="2"|Album details|Peak chart positions|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|* Released: December 6, 2019 * Label: Mystic Production * Formats: CD, DVD, LP, digital download|14||||

### Singles

|rowspan="2"|Title|rowspan="2"|Year|colspan="3"|Peak chart positions|rowspan="2"|Certifications|rowspan="2"|Album|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2009|55|2|—||rowspan="4"|_Modern Rocking_||||
|rowspan="3"|2010|—|—|—||||||
|—|1|2||||||||
|—|2|—||||||||
|2014|—|—|—||_Forever Child_|||||
|2015|—|2|—||_25 lat RMF FM_|||||
|2016|1|3|4|* ZPAV: Diamond|rowspan="2"|_Forever Child_||||
|2017|28|1|—|||||||
|2018|—|—|—||rowspan="2"|_Pink Punk_||||
|2019|—|—|—|||||||
|colspan="7"|"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.|||||||||

## Music videos

|Title|Year|Director(s)|<abbr>Ref.</abbr>||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="3"|2004|rowspan="3"|Unknown||
|2009|rowspan="3"|Jacek Kościuszko|||
|rowspan="2"|2010||||
|2014|Dariusz Szermanowicz||||
|2016|Adam Gawenda||||
|2018|Tadeusz Śliwa||||
|2019|Adam Gawenda||||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Agnieszka Chylińska
- **image**: Agnieszka Chylińska, Sopot Top of the Top Festival 2022, dzień 2 04.jpg
- **caption**: Chylińska performing at the Top of the Top Festival in 2022
- **background**: solo_singer
- **instrument**: Singing, vocals
- **genre**: Rock music, rock, heavy metal music, heavy metal,  hard rock, dance music, dance
- **occupation**: singer-songwriter, actress, dancer, author and television personality
- **label**: EMI Music Poland, Warner Music Poland
- **associated acts**: O.N.A.
- **website**: [http://www.chylinska.com www.chylinska.com]
- **birth place**: Gdańsk, Poland
- **birth name**: Agnieszka Barbara Chylińska
João Alves Filho

**João Alves Filho**  (3 July 1941 – 24 November 2020) was a Brazilian politician and civil engineer. He was governor of the state of Sergipe from 1983 to 1987, from 1991 to 1995, and from 2003 to 2007.  From 1987 to 1990 he was Brazilian Minister of the Interior. From 1975 to 1979 and again from 2013 to 2017, he was mayor of Aracju.

He died on 24 November 2020, aged 79, in Brasília from COVID-19.
Mack Sennett

**Mack Sennett** (born **Michael Sinnott**; January 17, 1880 – November 5, 1960) was a Canadian-American actor, director, and comedian. He was known as the "King of Comedy". He helped create the first slapstick silent comedy movies.

Sennett died on November 5, 1960, in Woodland Hills, California, aged 80.

According to IMDB he acted in 360 films.

## Biography

Michael Sinnott was born in Richmond, Quebec in the Irish Catholi family. When he was 17 years old he moved to Connecticut.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mack Sennett
- **image**: Mack Sennett, silent film producer (SAYRE 9328).jpg
- **caption**: Sennett in 1924
- **birth name**: Michael Sinnott
- **birth place**: Richmond, Quebec, Richmond, Quebec, Canada
- **death place**: Woodland Hills, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1908–1949
Jen Psaki

**Jennifer "Jen" Psaki** (born December 1, 1978) is the former American White House Press Secretary. Previously serving under the administration of President Joseph Robinette Biden, Jr. She was White House Communications Director from 2015 to 2017 during the Barack Obama presidency. She has also been a CNN contributor.

In November 2020, Joe Biden announced Psaki his pick for White House Press Secretary. She told Biden that she would be press secretary until 2022, only a year into her term. On April 1, 2022, _Axios_ reported that Psaki would likely leave the White House "around May" for a job with MSNBC. On May 5, 2022, the White House announced she would be leaving the role on May 13, 2022 and named her principal deputy, Karine Jean-Pierre, as her successor.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jennifer Psaki
- **image**: Press_Secretary_JenPaski_Second_Breifing.png
- **caption**: Psaki in 2021
- **office**: 34th White House Press Secretary
- **president**: Joe Biden
- **term start**: January 20, 2021
- **term end**: May 13, 2022
- **deputy**: Karine Jean-Pierre
TJ Ducklo
- **predecessor**: Kayleigh McEnany
- **successor**: Karine Jean-Pierre
- **office1**: White House Communications Director
- **president1**: Barack Obama
- **term start1**: April 1, 2015
- **term end1**: January 20, 2017
- **predecessor1**: Jennifer Palmieri
- **successor1**: Sean Spicer
- **office2**: Spokesperson for the United States Department of State
- **president2**: Barack Obama
- **deputy2**: Marie Harf
- **term start2**: April 5, 2013
- **term end2**: March 31, 2015
- **predecessor2**: Victoria Nuland
- **successor2**: John Kirby
- **office3**: White House Communications Director, White House Deputy Communications Director
- **president3**: Barack Obama
- **term start3**: December 19, 2009
- **term end3**: September 22, 2011
- **predecessor3**: Daniel Pfeiffer
- **successor3**: Jennifer Palmieri
- **office4**: White House Press Secretary, White House Deputy Press Secretary
- **president4**: Barack Obama
- **leader4**: Robert Gibbs
- **term start4**: January 20, 2009
- **term end4**: December 19, 2009
- **predecessor4**: Tony Fratto
- **successor4**: Bill Burton
- **birth name**: Jennifer Rene Psaki
- **birth place**: Stamford, Connecticut, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: College of William & Mary (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **children**: 2
Neera Tanden

**Neera Tanden** (born September 10, 1970) is an American political consultant and lawyer. She was president of the Center for American Progress from 2003 to 2021. During the Barack Obama presidency, Tanden helped create the Affordable Care Act. In May 2021, she became a Senior Advisor to President Joe Biden.

On November 29, 2020, then President-elect Joe Biden announced that he would nominate Tanden as the next director of the Office of Management and Budget. However, after Democrats and Republicans criticized her nomination, she withdrew her nomination as OMB director on March 3, 2021. Two months later, she became senior advisor to Biden.

She was named White House staff secretary in October 2021.

It was announced on May 5, 2023, that Tanden would replace outgoing Susan Rice as Director of the United States Domestic Policy Council.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Neera Tanden
- **image**: Neera Tanden Cabinet (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 23rd Director of the Domestic Policy Council
- **president**: Joe Biden
- **term start**: May 26, 2023
- **term end**: January 20, 2025
- **predecessor**: Susan Rice
- **successor**: Vince Haley
- **deputy**: Zayn Siddique
(_Principal Deputy Director_)
- **office2**: White House Office of the Staff Secretary, White House Staff Secretary
- **president2**: Joe Biden
- **deputy2**: Michael Hochman
- **term start2**: October 25, 2021
- **term end2**: May 25, 2023
- **predecessor2**: Jessica Hertz
- **successor2**: Stefanie Feldman
- **office1**: Senior Advisor to the President of the United States, Senior Advisor to the President
for Health Care Policy and the U.S. Digital Service
- **president1**: Joe Biden
- **alongside1**:
Mike Donilon, Cedric Richmond,
Anita Dunn, Gene Sperling, Mitch Landrieu, Keisha Lance Bottoms, Julie Chávez Rodriguez, Julie Rodriguez, John Podesta and Stephen K. Benjamin
- **term start1**: May 17, 2021
- **term end1**: May 25, 2023
- **predecessor1**: Jared Kushner
Stephen Miller (political operative), Stephen Miller
Ivanka Trump
- **successor1**: Tom Perez
- **birth place**: Bedford, Massachusetts, Bedford, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 2
- **education**: University of California, Los Angeles (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Yale University (Juris Doctor, JD)
Cecilia Rouse

**Cecilia Elena Rouse** (born December 18, 1963) is an American economist. She was the 30th Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers from 2021 to 2023 under the Joe Biden administration. In 2012, she became dean of the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University.

She was a member of President Barack Obama's Council of Economic Advisers from 2009 to 2011.

In November 2020, President-elect Joe Biden announced his plans to nominate Rouse as the Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers. The Senate confirmed her nomination by a vote of 95–4 on March 2.

In November 2022, it was announced that Rouse would be leaving her position as Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers following the 2022 midterms. In February 2023, Jared Bernstein was nominated as her successor by President Biden.

## Infobox (economist)

- **embed**: yes
- **institution**: Princeton University
- **field**: Economics
- **doctoral advisors**: Lawrence F. Katz
Claudia Goldin


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Cecilia Rouse
- **image**: Cecilia Rouse, CEA Chair.png
- **office**: 30th Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers
- **president**: Joe Biden
- **term start**: March 12, 2021
- **term end**: March 31, 2023
- **predecessor**: Kevin Hassett
- **successor**: Jared Bernstein
- **office1**: Dean of the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs
- **term start1**: September 1, 2012
- **term end1**: January 4, 2021
- **predecessor1**: Anne Case (acting)
- **successor1**: Mark Watson (economist), Mark Watson (acting)
- **office2**: Member of the Council of Economic Advisers
- **president2**: Barack Obama
- **term start2**: 2009
- **term end2**: 2011
- **predecessor2**: Donald B. Marron Jr.
- **successor2**: Katharine Abraham
- **birth name**: Cecilia Elena Rouse
- **birth place**: Walnut Creek, California, U.S.
- **spouse**: Ford Morrison
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Master of Arts, MA, Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
Kate Bedingfield

**Katherine Joan Bedingfield** (born October 29, 1981) is an American communications director and political campaign manager. She was the White House Communications Director for the Biden administration from 2021 to 2023.

She was deputy campaign manager for the Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign and former communications director for Biden when he was vice president.

In early July 2022, Chief of Staff Ron Klain said that Bedingfield would leave her role as White House Communications Director "in the coming weeks." However a few weeks later, Bedingfield changed her decision and decided to stay in the role.

In February 2023, Bedingfield announced that she would leave the administration at the end of the month.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kate Bedingfield
- **image**: Kate Bedingfield White House.jpg
- **office**: White House Communications Director
- **president**: Joe Biden
- **deputy**: Pili Tobar
Kate Berner
- **term start**: January 20, 2021
- **term end**: March 1, 2023
- **predecessor**: Stephanie Grisham
- **successor**: Ben LaBolt
- **birth place**: Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: David Kieve
- **education**: University of Virginia (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Gerald Rafshoon

**Gerald Monroe Rafshoon** (born January 11, 1934) is an American television producer and political operative. He is one of the four founding members of Unity08, and was the White House Communications Director under the presidency of Jimmy Carter from 1978 to 1979.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gerald Rafshoon
- **image**: Gerald Rafshoon.tif
- **office**: White House Communications Director
- **president**: Jimmy Carter
- **term start**: July 1, 1978
- **term end**: August 14, 1979
- **predecessor**: David Gergen (1977)
- **successor**: Frank Ursomarso (1981)
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: University of Texas at Austin (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
David Gergen

**David Richmond Gergen** (May 9, 1942 – July 10, 2025) was an American political commentator. He was a presidential adviser during the administrations of Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton. He is a senior political analyst for CNN. Gergen was a professor of public service and he was the first director of the Center for Public Leadership at the Harvard Kennedy School.

In December 2024, it was revealed that Gergen had Lewy body dementia. He died at a retirement home in Lexington, Massachusetts, on July 10, 2025, at the age of 83.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: David Gergen
- **image**: David Gergen World Economic Forum 2013.jpg
- **office**: Counselor to the President
- **president**: Bill Clinton
- **term start**: May 29, 1993
- **term end**: June 28, 1994
- **predecessor**: Clayton Yeutter
- **successor**: Mack McLarty
- **office1**: White House Communications Director
- **president1**: Ronald Reagan
- **term start1**: June 17, 1981
- **term end1**: January 15, 1984
- **predecessor1**: Frank Ursomarso
- **successor1**: Michael A. McManus Jr.
- **president2**: Gerald Ford
- **term start2**: July 1976
- **term end2**: January 1977
- **predecessor2**: Margita White
- **successor2**: Gerald Rafshoon (1978)
- **office3**: White House Office of the Staff Secretary, White House Staff Secretary
- **president3**: Ronald Reagan
- **term start3**: January 20, 1981
- **term end3**: June 17, 1981
- **predecessor3**: Richard Hutcheson
- **successor3**: Richard Darman
- **office4**: White House Director of Speechwriting
- **president4**: Richard Nixon
- **term start4**: 1973
- **term end4**: 1974
- **predecessor4**: Ray Price (speechwriter), Ray Price
- **successor4**: Robert T. Hartmann, Robert Hartmann
- **birth name**: David Richmond Gergen
- **birth place**: Durham, North Carolina, Durham, North Carolina, U.S.
- **death place**: Lexington, Massachusetts, Lexington, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **otherparty**: Republican Party (United States), Republican (before 2017)
- **spouse**: Anne Gergen
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Yale University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Harvard University (Bachelor of Laws, LLB)
- **signature**: David Gergen signature.svg
Ann Lewis

**Ann C. Frank Lewis** (born December 19, 1937) is an American Democratic Party strategist and communicator. Lewis was the White House Communications Director in the Clinton administration from 1997 to 1999.

Lewis was co-chair for Jewish Women for the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ann Lewis
- **image**: Ann Lewis (138) (13315485475).jpg
- **office**: Counselor to the President
- **term start**: March 10, 1999
- **term end**: January 20, 2001
- **predecessor**: Paul Begala
- **president**: Bill Clinton
- **successor**: Karen Hughes
- **office1**: White House Communications Director
- **president1**: Bill Clinton
- **term start1**: July 31, 1997
- **term end1**: March 10, 1999
- **predecessor1**: Donald A. Baer
- **successor1**: Loretta Ucelli
- **birth name**: Ann Frank
- **birth place**: Jersey City, New Jersey, Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Gerald A. Lewis
Myron Sponder
- **relatives**: Barney Frank (brother)
- **education**: Harvard University
Bill Shine

**William Shine** (born July 4, 1963) is an American television executive and politician. He was White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Communications in the administration of U.S. President Donald Trump. He spent most of his career as a producer and executive at Fox News.

He was co-president of Fox News, a position he held for 9 months before he was forced out on May 1, 2017.

On March 8, 2019, the White House announced that Shine was resigning to advise President Trump's 2020 presidential campaign.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bill Shine
- **image**: File:Bill Shine (cropped).jpg
- **office**: White House Communications Director
- **deputy**: Mercedes Schlapp
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **term start**: July 5, 2018
- **term end**: March 8, 2019
- **predecessor**: Hope Hicks
- **successor**: Stephanie Grisham
- **office1**: White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Communications
- **president1**: Donald Trump
- **term start1**: July 5, 2018
- **term end1**: March 8, 2019
- **predecessor1**: Position established
- **successor1**: Dan Scavino
- **birth place**: Farmingville, New York, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: State University of New York at Oswego (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Farmingville, New York

**Farmingville** is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 14,983 at the 2020 census.
East Farmingdale, New York

**East Farmingdale** is a hamlet and a census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 6,617 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: East Farmingdale, New York
- **settlement type**: Hamlet (New York), Hamlet and census-designated place
- **pushpin map**: New York
- **pushpin label**: East Farmingdale
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of New York
- **image map**: East-farmingdale-ny-map.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: U.S. Census map
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name2**: Suffolk County, New York, Suffolk
- **area total km2**: 19.37
- **area land km2**: 19.37
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 7.48
- **area land sq mi**: 7.48
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 6617
- **population density km2**: 341.68
- **population density sq mi**: 884.98
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 21
- **elevation ft**: 69
- **postal code**: 11735
- **area code**: Area codes 631 and 934, 631, 934
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-21985
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1867401
- **blank2 name**: Specific Area Message Encoding, NWS SAME code
- **blank2 info**: 036103
- **subdivision type3**: Town (New York), Town
- **subdivision name3**: Babylon (town), New York, Babylon
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Elissa Slotkin

**Elissa Blair Slotkin** (born July 10, 1976) is an American politician. She is the junior United States Senator from Michigan since 2025. She was a U.S. Representative from 2019 to 2025. Slotkin is a member of the Democratic Party.

She was a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) analyst during the Barack Obama presidency.

In February 2023, Slotkin announced her decision to run for the U.S. Senate in 2024. She won the election in November 2024, beating former Republican congressman Mike Rogers.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Elissa Slotkin
- **image**: File:Elissa Slotkin 2026 Official Portrait (cropped).jpg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Michigan
- **alongside**: Gary Peters
- **term start**: January 3, 2025
- **predecessor**: Debbie Stabenow
- **office1**: Member of the
United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives
from Michigan
- **term start1**: January 3, 2019
- **term end1**: January 3, 2025
- **predecessor1**: Mike Bishop (politician), Mike Bishop
- **successor1**: Tom Barrett (Michigan politician), Tom Barrett
- **office2**: Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs
- **status2**: Acting
- **president2**: Barack Obama
- **term start2**: November 14, 2014
- **term end2**: January 20, 2017
- **predecessor2**: Derek Chollet
- **successor2**: Kenneth Handelman (acting)
- **birth name**: Elissa Blair Slotkin
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: Cornell University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Columbia University (Master of International Affairs, MIA)
- **awards**: Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service
- **website**:

- **caption**: Official portrait, 2026
Emily W. Murphy

**Emily Webster Murphy** (born 1973) is an American attorney and government official. She was the administrator of the General Services Administration (GSA) from 2017 to 2021.

She was appointed as administrator in 2017 by President Donald Trump. She was criticized for her actions after the 2020 presidential election in delaying the start of the transition to a Joe Biden administration after Biden won the election on November 7.

Murphy at first did not want to sign a letter allowing Biden's transition team to access federal agencies and transition funds. She signed the letter on November 23, allowing the presidential transition process to begin.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Emily W. Murphy official photo.jpg
- **office**: General Services Administration, Administrator of General Services
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **deputy**: Allison Brigati
- **term start**: December 12, 2017
- **term end**: January 15, 2021
- **predecessor**: Timothy Horne (acting)
- **successor**: Robin Carnahan
- **birthname**: Emily Webster Murphy
- **birth place**: St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
- **party**: Republican
- **education**: Smith College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of Virginia (Juris Doctor, JD)
Pearson correlation coefficient

**Pearson's correlation** is a mathematical formula for calculating how similar two sets of data are (their correlation). The results of the formula are the correlation coefficients between the two sets. Most computer programs have a command to calculate this such as CORREL(dataset x: dataset y). The coefficient can be calculated by

- Step 1: Find the mean of **x**, and the mean of **y**
- Step 2: Subtract the mean of x from every x value (call them "**a**"), and subtract the mean of y from every y value (call them "**b**")
- Step 3: Calculate: **ab**, **a<sup>2</sup>** and **b<sup>2</sup>** for every value
- Step 4: Sum up **ab**, sum up **a<sup>2</sup>** and sum up **b<sup>2</sup>**
- Step 5: Divide the sum of ab by the square root of [(sum of a<sup>2</sup>) × (sum of b<sup>2</sup>)]

Karl Pearson came up with the formula in the 1880s when he contributed to research in statistics.
Purna Swaraj

**Purna Swaraj**, or "total independence," was a document written by the Indian National Congress session at Lahore, Punjab The Former Capital of the Undivided Punjab   in December 31, 1929.  It said that India should be separate from the British Empire.  Purna Swaraj was announced on January 26, 1930.  This is one reason why January 26 is India's Republic Day.

The Purna Swaraj was 750 words long.  Scholars such as Mithi Mukherjee say it was an important part of Indian independence because it said becoming independent was about justice.

## Related pages

- Declaration of Independence
Michael Dubke

**Michael D. Dubke** (born April 18, 1970) is an American entrepreneur and political aide. He was the White House Communications Director for U.S. President Donald Trump until his resignation on June 2, 2017.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Michael Dubke
- **image**: Michael D. Dubke.jpg
- **caption**: Michael Dubke in 2017
- **office**: White House Communications Director, White House Director of Communications
- **predecessor**: Sean Spicer
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **successor**: Anthony Scaramucci
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **birth place**: Hamburg (village), New York, Hamburg, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **spouse**: Shannon Mullins
- **children**: 2
- **term start**: March 6, 2017
- **term end**: June 2, 2017
- **education**: Hamilton College (New York), Hamilton College, New York (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Hamburg (village), New York

**Hamburg** is a village in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 9,696 at the 2020 census.

## Other websites

- Village of Hamburg official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Hamburg, New York
- **settlement type**: Village (United States), Village
- **motto**: "Come to Discover. Stay for the Charm."
- **image skyline**: Hamburg Village Hall; Hamburg, New York.png
- **image caption**: Hamburg Village Hall
- **image map**: Erie County New York incorporated and unincorporated areas Hamburg (village) highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location within Erie County and New York
- **pushpin map**: United States
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the United States
- **pushpin label**: Hamburg
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name2**: Erie County, New York, Erie
- **subdivision type3**: Town (New York), Town
- **subdivision name3**: Hamburg, New York, Hamburg
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 6.42
- **area land km2**: 6.42
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 2.48
- **area land sq mi**: 2.48
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 9696
- **population density km2**: 1509.94
- **population density sq mi**: 3911.25
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 250
- **elevation ft**: 820
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 14075, 14219
- **area code**: Area code 716, 716
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-31643
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0952086
- **named for**: Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Hamburg, New York

**Hamburg** is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 60,085.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Hamburg, New York
- **settlement type**: Town (New York), Town
- **image skyline**: Hamburg New York clock tower.jpg
- **motto**:
 _The Town That Friendship Built_
- **image map**: Erie County New York incorporated and unincorporated areas Hamburg highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Hamburg in Erie County, New York, Erie County and New York (state), New York
- **pushpin map**: United States
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name2**: Erie County, New York, Erie
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **area total km2**: 107.10
- **area total sq mi**: 41.35
- **area land km2**: 107.03
- **area land sq mi**: 41.32
- **area water km2**: 0.07
- **area water sq mi**: 0.03
- **elevation ft**: 732
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 60085
- **population density km2**: 542.83
- **population density sq mi**: 1405.92
- **population demonym**: Hamburger
- **timezone1**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset1**: -5
- **timezone1 dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -4
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 14075
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: Area code 716, 716
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-029-31654
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0952086
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **named for**: Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany