juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ryukyuan people

The **Ryukyuan people** (琉球民族, Okinawan: _Ruuchuu minzuku_; Japanese: _Ryuukyuu minzoku_) are the natives of the Ryūkyū Islands, a collection of islands located in Japan.

## History

The Ryukyuans descend from the Jōmon and Yayoi peoples.

By the 14th century, numerous chiefs ruled the Ryukyu Islands. In Okinawa, a new chief named Tamagusuku was unpopular among local lords, causing the island to be split into three kingdoms (Chūzan, Nanzan and Hokuzan). By the 15th century, the island was re-united, causing the Ryukyu Kingdom to be born. In the following centuries, the Ryukyu Kingdom would expand its rule over the Amami, Miyako and Yaeyama islands. They would also become a vassal state of China.

In 1609, the Japanese domain of Satsuma took over the Ryukyu Kingdom. The Amami Islands were then ruled by Satsuma, whereas the rest of the Ryukyu Kingdom was turned into a vassal.

In 1872, the Ryukyu Kingdom became the Ryūkyū Domain. In 1879, the Japanese Empire took control of the country.

After Japanese annexation happened, the local cultures and languages of Ryukyu were suppressed. Children who spoke the native Ryukyuan languages at school were punished with dialect cards.

During the Battle of Okinawa (World War II), between 40,000 and 150,000 Okinawans were killed. After World War II ended, the Ryukyu Islands were placed under American administration. The Amami Islands were returned to Japan in 1953, whereas the ofher island groups were returned in 1972.

### Identity

Many Ryukyuans (especially the diaspora communities in Hawaii and Brazil) consider themselves to be different from the Japanese, who mainly inhabit the mainland (Honshū, Kyūshū, Shikoku and Hokkaidō).

On the other hand, many other Ryukyuans identify as “Japanese”, which is the result of assimilation that dates back to the Meiji Era.

### Language

Historically, the Ryukyuans spoke the Ryukyuan languages. Because Japan suppressed them in the past, they are all endangered, with most speakers being elderly. A Japanese speaker wouldn't be able to understand any of the six Ryukyuan languages without any knowledge out of it. Despite this, the Japanese government calls the Ryukyuan languages ”Japanese dialects” for political reasons. Most linguists on the other hand refer to the Ryukyuan languages as separate languages.

### Religion

The native religion of the Ryukyuans is the Ryukyuan religion, an animistic faith that believes in ancestor worship. Other religions practiced in Ryukyu include Shintoism, Buddhism and Christianity.

## Related pages

- Ryūkyū Islands
- Ryukyuan languages

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Ryukyuan people
- **image**: Danses d’Okinawa (musée Guimet, Paris) (11152072573).jpg
- **native name**: 琉球民族
- **native name lang**: ryu
- **languages**: Ryukyuan languages, Japanese language, Japanese
- **religions**: Ryukyuan religion, Shintoism, Buddhism, Christianity
- **related groups**: Japanese people, Japanese, Ainu people, Ainu
- **population**: 2,000,000+
Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps

***Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps*** is a British sitcom. It is set in Runcorn, Cheshire. It ran from 26 February 2001 to 24 May 2011 on BBC Two. It stars Ralf Little, Natalie Casey, Will Mellor, Sheridan Smith, Kathryn Drysdale and Beverley Callard.
Jaguar F-Type

The **Jaguar F-Type** (project code X152) is a two-door, two-seater sports car, manufactured by British luxury car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover.
Simon Gregson

**Simon Alan Gregory** (born 2 October 1974), better known by his stage name, **Simon Gregson**, is an English actor, known for his role as Steve McDonald in the long-running ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_, which he has played continuously since December 1989. He has received 17 awards for comedy and performance, plus a Legends of Industry Award. He is a patron for Scotty's Little Soldiers.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Simon Gregson
- **birth name**: Simon Alan Gregory
- **birth place**: Manchester, Wythenshawe, Manchester, England
- **education**: The Kingsway School, Gatley
- **occupation**: Actor
- **known for**: Role of **Steve McDonald (Coronation Street), Steve McDonald** in _Coronation Street_ (1989–)
- **years active**: 1989–present
- **children**: 3
Candy bar

A **candy bar** is a type of candy that has been made into the shape of a bar. The most common kind of candy bar is made with chocolate, but there may be other kinds as well, like a granola bar.
Jupiter Award (science fiction award)

The **Jupiter Awards**  were prizes for writing science fiction. There were awards for the best novel, novella, novelette and short story.  These awards were given most years from 1974 to 1978. The group called "Instructors of Science Fiction in Higher Education" gave the awards.

## Winners

|Year|Novel|Novella|Novelette|Short Story|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1974|_Rendezvous with Rama_, by Arthur C. Clarke|_The Feast of St. Dionysus_, by Robert Silverberg|_The Deathbird_, by Harlan Ellison|_A Suppliant in Space_, by Robert Sheckley|
|1975|_The Dispossessed_,  by Ursula K. Le Guin|_Riding the Torch_, by Norman Spinrad|_The Seventeen Virgins_, by Jack Vance|_The Day Before the Revolution_, by Ursula K. Le Guin|
|1977|_Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang_, by Kate Wilhelm|_Houston, Houston, Do You Read?_, by James Tiptree, Jr.|_The Diary of the Rose_, by Ursula K. Le Guin|_I See You_, by Damon Knight|
|1978|_A Heritage of Stars_, by Clifford D. Simak|_In the Hall of the Martian King_, by John Varley|_Time Storm_, by Gordon R. Dickson|_Jeffty Is Five_, by Harlan Ellison|

## Other websites

- About the Jupiter Awards at The Locus Index to Science Fiction Awards
Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart

**Robert Adam Ross Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart**  (26 June 1936 – 18 January 2020) was a British politician and life peer. He was the last leader of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) from 1987 to 1988. He was the president of the Liberal Democrats from 1995 to 1998. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1966 to 2001, when he was raised to the House of Lords.

Maclennan was born in Glasgow. His father was Sir Hector MacLennan. He died in January 2020, at the age of 83.
Rolf Koschorrek

**Rolf Koschorrek** (17 June 1956 – 12 January 2020) was a German politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He was a member of the national Bundestag from 2005 to 2013. He was in the dentistry industry outside of politics.

Koschorrek was born in Bad Bramstedt. On 12 January 2020, he died of cancer in Berlin. He was 64.
Deaths in February 2020

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in February 2020**. Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.
National Book Foundation

The **National Book Foundation** (**NBF**) is an American nonprofit organization established "to raise the cultural appreciation of great writing in America". Established 1989 by National Book Awards, Inc.,

## Awards

- National Book Awards
- Lifetime Achievement
- 5 Under 35
- Innovations in Reading Prize

## Programs

Some of the Foundation's programs include:
- Author in Focus
- BookUp
- Book Rich Environments
- Book Distribution
- Library Engagement
- Partnership Building
- Why Reading Matters Conference
- Eat, Drink & Be Literary
- Literature for Justice
- NBF Presents
- Notes from the Reading Life
- Raising Readers
- Teen Press Conference

## Infobox (organization)

- **type**: Non-profit
- **headquarters**: New York City, US
- **services**: Celebrating literary achievements
- **key people**: Lisa Lucas, Executive Director (March 2016)
- **name**: National Book Foundation
- **founded**: 1989
- **fields**: Literary Prize
- **staff**: 7 staff, 21 board members
Petr Pokorný (theologian)

**Petr Pokorný** (April 21, 1933 – January 18, 2020) was a Protestant theologian. He was a professor at Charles University in Prague, and pastor of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren. He was one of the leading biblical scholars in the Czech Republic.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Petr Pokorný
- **image**: Petr-Pokorný2014b.jpg
- **caption**: Petr Pokorný (2014)
- **birth place**: Brno, Czechoslovakia
- **nationality**: Czech Republic, Czech
- **alma mater**: Charles University, Charles University, Prague
- **occupation**: Professor, theologian, pastor
Piri Sciascia

**Piri John Ngarangikaunuhia Sciascia**  (6 November 1946 – 18 January 2020) was a New Zealand Māori leader and university administrator. From 2016 until his death, he was kaumātua and advisor to the governor-general and government of New Zealand. He was a member of the organising committee for the international exhibition _Te Maori_.

He died on 18 January 2020.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Piri Sciascia
- **image**: Piri Sciascia (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Sciascia in 2017
- **birth name**: Piri John Ngarangikaunuhia Sciascia
- **birth place**: Porangahau, New Zealand
James Mollison

**James Mollison**  (20 March 1931 – 19 January 2020) was an Australian arts administrator. He was acting director of the National Gallery of Australia (NGA) from 1971 to 1977 and director from 1977 to 1990. He was also director of the National Gallery of Victoria from 1989 to 1995. He was born in Wonthaggi, Victoria.

Mollison retired as the NGA's director in 1990 and moved to Melbourne to become director of the National Gallery of Victoria. He died on 19 January 2020, at the age of 88.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: James Mollison
- **honorific suffix**: AO
- **birth date**: 20 March 1931
Sunanda Patnaik

**Sunanda Patnaik** (7 November 1934 – 19 January 2020) was an Indian classical singer of Gwalior gharana. She was thought to be one of the great singers of Hindustani music.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sunanda Patnaik
- **image**: SunandaPatnaik.JPG
- **caption**: Sunanda Patnaik while signing an autograph
- **background**: solo_singer
- **origin**: Puri / Cuttack, Odisha, India
- **genre**: Hindustani classical music
- **occupation**: Singer, Composer
Claremont, California

**Claremont** () is a city on the eastern edge of Los Angeles County, California, United States. It is  east of downtown Los Angeles. It is in the Pomona Valley, at the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 37,266. It is home to the Claremont Colleges, a group of seven colleges.
Los Osos, California

**Los Osos** is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place located along the Pacific coast of San Luis Obispo County, California. The community is part of the 93402 and 93412 ZIP codes and area code 805. The population was 14,465 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Los Osos, California
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated community
Census-designated place
- **image skyline**: Los Osos Irish Hills.jpg
- **image caption**: View of Los Osos from Morro Bay harbor
- **pushpin map**: USA California#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of California##Location within the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name2**: San Luis Obispo County, California, San Luis Obispo
- **government type**: County (United States), County Government
- **leader title**: San Luis Obispo County County Board of Supervisors
- **unit pref**: US
- **area total sq mi**: 12.783
- **area land sq mi**: 12.763
- **area water sq mi**: 0.020
- **area total km2**: 33.110
- **area land km2**: 33.057
- **area water km2**: 0.053
- **area water percent**: 0.16
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2020, 2020
- **population total**: 14,465
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific (PST)
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **elevation ft**: 200
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 93402 and 93412
- **area code**: Area code 805, 805
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2407812
- **website**: https://www.losososcsd.org/
Dinwiddie County, Virginia

**Dinwiddie County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,947. Its county seat is Dinwiddie.
Dinwiddie, Virginia

**Dinwiddie** is a small unincorporated community and the county seat of Dinwiddie County, Virginia, United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Dinwiddie, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated community
- **image skyline**: Dinwiddie County Courthouse, new.jpg
- **image caption**: Current courthouse, seen from U.S. Route 1
- **pushpin map**: Virginia#USA
- **pushpin label**: Dinwiddie
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Dinwiddie County, Virginia, Dinwiddie
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Time Zone, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 78
- **elevation ft**: 255
- **area code**: Area code 804, 804
- **blank name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank info**: 1498473
Ingham County, Michigan

**Ingham County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 284,900.  The county seat is Mason.
Mason, Michigan

**Mason** is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is named after the state's first governor, Stevens T. Mason. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 8,283.  It is the county seat of Ingham County.
Genesee County, Michigan

**Genesee County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 406,211, making it the fifth-most populous county in Michigan. The county seat and population center is Flint.
Helen Flanagan

**Helen Joyce Gabriel Flanagan** (born 7 August 1990) is an English actress. She is best known for presenting the role as Rosie Webster in Coronation Street with Jack P. Shepherd. Flangan is an anchor from the ITV reality show I'm a Celebrity, Get Me Out Here.

She was born at Bury, Greater Manchester, England.
Malcolm Hebden

**Malcolm Hebden** (born 21 December 1939) is an English actor. He is known for portraying the role of Norris Cole in the long-running ITV soap opera, _Coronation Street_, a role which he played from 1994 to 1997, 1999 to 2017, and again from 2019 to 2020.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Malcolm Hebden
- **birth place**: Chester, Cheshire, England, UK
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1972–2020
- **known for**: _Coronation Street_
Brooke Vincent

**Brooke Levi Vincent** (born 4 June 1992) is an English actress. She is known for her role as Sophie Webster in the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_, which she played from 2004 to 2019.

Vincent was born in Audenshaw, Greater Manchester, England.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Brooke Vincent
- **birth name**: Brooke Levi Vincent
- **birth place**: Greater Manchester, Audenshaw, Greater Manchester, England
- **occupation**: Actress
- **nationality**: United Kingdom, British
- **employer**: ITV (TV channel), ITV
- **television**: _Coronation Street_ (2004–)
 _Dancing on Ice_ (2018)
- **years active**: 2002–present
- **children**: 2
- **relatives**: Ellie Leach (cousin)
Stanisław Stefanek

**Stanisław Stefanek** (7 May 1936 – 17 January 2020) was a Polish bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Majdan Sobieszczański. He became a priest in 1959. He later held the roles of auxiliary bishop of Szczecin-Kamień and titular bishop of _Forum Popilii_. He served as bishop of Łomża from 1996 until his retirement in 2011.

Stefanek died on 17 January 2020 in Lublin, at the age of 83.
Rob Mallard

**Robert Stephen Mallard** (born 19 May 1992) is an English actor, best known for playing the role of Daniel Osbourne in the long-running ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_ from 2016 onwards. He is the third actor to play the role, replacing Lewis Harney and Dominic Holmes. He was born in Manchester, England.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rob Mallard
- **image**: Rob Mallard 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Mallard in 2019
- **birth name**: Robert Stephen Mallard
- **birth place**: Manchester, England
- **occupation**: Actor
- **known for**: _Emmerdale_ (2015)
_Coronation Street_ (2016–)
- **years active**: 2003–present
David Rudman

**David Rudman** (born June 1, 1963) is an American puppeteer, cartoonist, producer, and director, best known for performing Baby Bear, Cookie Monster, and the right head of the Two-Headed-Monster on Sesame Street.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: David Rudman
- **image**: David Rudman Cookie Monster puppeteer at SXSW 2015 (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **occupation**: Puppeteer, cartoonist, producer, director
- **years active**: 1981-present
- **children**: 1
Two-Headed Monster

The **Two-Headed Monster** is a light purple monster on "Sesame Street". It first appeared in 1978 in Season 9.

## Performers

The performers for the Two-Headed Monster are listed below:

- Richard Hunt and Peter Friedman (ca. 1978)
- Jerry Nelson and Richard Hunt (1978–1991)
- Jerry Nelson and Adam Hunt (1995)
- Jerry Nelson and David Rudman (1998–2000)
- Joey Mazzarino and David Rudman (2001–2016)
- Eric Jacobson and David Rudman (2016–present)

## Infobox (character)

- **name**: Two-Headed Monster
- **series**: Sesame Street
- **first**: Episode 1121
- **creator**: Jim Henson
- **portrayer**: **Left Head**: Richard Hunt (puppeteer), Richard Hunt (1978), Jerry Nelson (1978–2000), Joey Mazzarino (2001–2016), Eric Jacobson (2016–present)
**Right Head**: Peter Friedman (1978), Richard Hunt (puppeteer), Richard Hunt (1978–1991), Adam Hunt (1995), David Rudman (1998–present)
- **lbl21**: Fur/skin color
- **data21**: Light purple
- **species**: Sesame Street Muppet Monster
- **gender**: Male
- **family**: relative
- **nationality**: American
Sky Atlantic

**Sky Atlantic** is a British pay drama comedy television channel also by the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, owned by Sky Limited in the United States. Sky Atlantic is not available on Virgin Media.

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Sky Atlantic
- **timeshift service**: Sky Atlantic +1
- **owner**: Sky UK
David Neilson

**David Neilson** (born 13 March 1949) is an English actor, best known for portraying the role of Roy Cropper in the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_ from 1995 onwards.

He was born in Loughborough, Leicester, England.
Tristan Gemmill

**Tristan John Gemmill** (born 6 June 1967) is an English actor, most notable for his roles as Dr Adam Trueman on _Casualty_, and Robert Preston in _Coronation Street_. He was born in Kensington, London, England.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tristan Gemmill
- **birth name**: Tristan John Gemmill
- **birth place**: Kensington, London, England
- **nationality**: British
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1981–present
- **known for**: Coronation Street (2000, 2015–2019)
- **children**: 3
- **spouse**: Emily Hamilton
Dick Scott (historian)

**Richard George Scott**  (17 November 1923 – 1 January 2020) was a New Zealand historian and journalist. He wrote many books on the history of New Zealand. His first book, _151 Days_ (1952), was about the 1951 New Zealand waterfront dispute. His most well-known work is _Ask That Mountain_ (1975), which tells the events of the non-violent Māori resistance to European occupation in Parihaka. Former New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark called it "one of New Zealand's most influential books." His autobiography, _Dick Scott: A Radical Writer's Life_, was published in 2004.

Scott was born in Palmerston North. He was the father of writer Rosie Scott (1948–2017).

Scott died on 1 January 2020, at the age of 96.
John N. Brandenburg

**John Nelson Brandenburg** (April 29, 1929 – January 14, 2020) was an American lieutenant general in the U.S. Army. He was born in Enid, Oklahoma. He was a commander of the I Corps at Fort Lewis, a post which he served from 1981 to 1984. He was also a commander of the 101st Airborne Division from 1978 to 1980. He retired from the military in May 1984 after 33 years of service.

On January 14, 2020, Brandenburg died at his home in Canton, Georgia. He was 90.
Palmerston North

**Palmerston North** is a city in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the seat of the Manawatū-Whanganui region. The city is  north of the capital, Wellington. Palmerston North is the country's seventh-largest city. As of June 2018, the city had an urban population of 86,600.
Canton, Georgia

**Canton** is a city in and the county seat of Cherokee County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 32,973.
Jane Danson

**Jane Danson** (born **Jane Elizabeth Dawson**; 8 November 1978) is an English actress. She is best known for her portraying the role of Leanne Battersby in the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_ (1997–2000, 2004–present). Her other television credits include _Children's Ward_ (1995–1997), _The Grand_ (1997), _Always and Everyone_ (2001–2002) and _The Bill_ (2002–2003).

For her role on _Coronation Street_, Danson won the 2011 British Soap Award for "Best Dramatic Performance".
Georgia Taylor

**Georgia Taylor** (born **Claire Marie Jackson**; 26 February 1980) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the roles of Toyah Battersby in the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_ (1997–2003, 2016–present), Ruth Winters in the BBC medical drama series _Casualty_ (2007–2011), and Kate Barker in the ITV police drama series _Law & Order: UK_ (2013–2014).

She was born and raised in Wigan, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.
Alan Halsall

**Alan David Halsall** (born 11 August 1982 in Walkden, Worsley, Greater Manchester) is an English actor. He is best known for playing Tyrone Dobbs in the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_, a role which he has played since 1998.

He has a daughter with his ex-wife Lucy-Jo Hudson.
David Maslanka

**David Maslanka** (August 30, 1943 - August 7, 2017) was a composer. He is best known for his pieces for wind ensemble and his fourth symphony.

## Life

Maslanka learned how to write music with H. Owen Reed.  He taught at Kingsborough Community College and Sarah Lawrence College. After 1990, Maslanka stopped teaching. He only wrote music after then. He lived in Missoula, Montana for most of his career.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: David Maslanka
- **image**: CMB 1254 (16149054249).jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: New Bedford, Massachusetts
- **genre**: Wind Literature
- **occupation**: Composer, Musician
- **years active**: 1968–2017
- **website**: [http://www.davidmaslanka.com/ Official website]
Jimmi Harkishin

**James "Jimmi" Harkishin** (born **Rajan Harkinshindas**; 19 March 1965) is an English actor, best known for portraying the role of Dev Alahan in the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_, which he has played continuously since 10 November 1999. He also had a small role in the film _East is East_, as well as _Bhaji on the Beach_. Harkishin played Gary Lobo in the _Jonathan Creek_ episode "Danse Macabre".

Harkishin was born in Paris, France, to an Indian father, Deepak, and an Italian mother, Soni.

He began acting in 1987 under the stage name James Harkishin, and played the regular character of Jose Cuervo for 18 episodes between 1990–1993 in the children's TV series _Uncle Jack_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jimmi Harkishin
- **birth name**: Rajan Harkishindas
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1986–present
- **notable works**: _Uncle Jack_ (1990–1993)
 _Coronation Street _ (1999–)
- **children**: 2
Sue Cleaver

**Susan Owen** (_née_ **Cleaver**; born 2 September 1963) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the role of Eileen Grimshaw in the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_, a role she has played continuously since May 2000. Prior to appearing on _Coronation Street_, Cleaver portrayed Glenda alongside Victoria Wood in the BBC sitcom _Dinnerladies_ from 1998 to 2000. She was covering for Denise Robertson as the agony aunt on ITV daytime programme _This Morning_ until Robertson's death in 2016. In 2022, Cleaver was a contestant on the twenty-second series of _I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!_, and came 9th.

## Personal life

Cleaver was born in Watford, Hertfordshire, England and moved to Manchester as a teenager.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sue Cleaver
- **birth name**: Susan Cleaver
- **birth place**: Barnet, Hertfordshire, England
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1993–present
- **known for**: _Coronation Street_ (1994, 2000–present)
 _Dinnerladies_ (1998–2000)
 _I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!_ (2022)
- **relatives**: Kate Harbour (half-sister)
- **children**: 1
This Morning

***This Morning*** is a British daytime television programme that is broadcast on ITV in the United Kingdom and Virgin Media One in the Republic of Ireland. It features news, home, food, health and entertainment segments. The current main presenters are Ben Shephard, Cat Deeley, Alison Hammond and Dermot O'Leary.

The show aired its first episode on 3 October 1988. The longest serving presenter of the show is Ruth Langsford who presented the series continously for 21 years since 1999. The show was originally presented by husband and wife duo Richard Madeley and Judy Finnigan until 2001.

Through most of its history, it was presented by Holly Willoughby and Phillip Scofield from Monday to Thursday, and Dermot O'Leary and Alison Hammond on Fridays and holidays. Josie Gibson and Craig Doyle are also recurring presenters. From 2002 to 2023, Phillip Schofield was also one of the main hosts but he left the show due to several controversies. Holly Willoughby also announced that she was quitting on October 10 2023 following a plot to murder her.
Cherokee County, Georgia

**Cherokee County** is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 266,620. The county seat is Canton.
Shale gas

**Shale gas** is natural gas that comes from shale, a kind of sedimentary rock. Most natural gas in the Earth is shale gas, but getting it out of the ground is difficult.

The issues with shale gas are rather similar to oil sands. In fact all types of oil and hydrocarbon gas in the ground were made during the far ancient past when the climate was much warmer than today.
Jimmy Heath

**James Edward Heath** (October 25, 1926 – January 19, 2020), nicknamed "**Little Bird**", was an American jazz saxophonist, composer, arranger and big band leader. He was the brother of bassist Percy Heath and drummer Albert Heath. In 1975, the brothers formed the Heath Brothers. He worked with notable musicians such as John Coltrane, Stanley Cowell, Benny Golson, Specs Wright, Cal Massey, Johnny Coles, Ray Bryant, Nelson Boyd, Miles Davis, Kenny Dorham, Gil Evans, Milt Jackson, Nancy Wilson, Gerald Wilson and Art Farmer. Heath was nominated for three Grammy Awards.

Heath was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the father of musician James Mtume.

On January 19, 2020, Heath died of natural causes in Loganville, Georgia. He was 93.
Samia Longchambon

**Samia Maxine Longchambon** (_née_ **Ghadie**, previously **Smith**; born 13 July 1982) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the role of Maria Connor in the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_ (2000–present).

## Early life

Samia Ghadie was born in Eccles, Greater Manchester to Joseph, a French-Lebanese shop owner and Patsy, an English actress whom he met whilst working in Abu Dhabi. Samia lived there for a period as a child. She has a brother named Tariq.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Samia Longchambon
- **image**: Samia Ghadie, previously Samia Smith at Manchester Pride parade, 2011.jpg
- **birth name**: Samia Maxine Ghadie
- **birth place**: Greater Manchester, Eccles, Greater Manchester, England
- **nationality**: English people, English
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **employer**: ITV (TV network), ITV
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 2
Albert Heath

**Albert** "**Tootie**" **Heath** (May 31, 1935 – April 3, 2024) was an American jazz hard bop drummer. He is the brother of saxophonist Jimmy Heath and the bassist Percy Heath.

In 1975, the brothers formed the Heath Brothers. He notably worked with musicians such as John Coltrane, J. J. Johnson, Wes Montgomery, Art Farmer and Benny Golson's Jazztet, Cedar Walton, Bobby Timmons, Kenny Drew, Sonny Rollins, Dexter Gordon, Johnny Griffin, Herbie Hancock, Friedrich Gulda, Nina Simone and Yusef Lateef.

Heath was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Heath died from leukemia in Santa Fe, New Mexico, on April 3, 2024, at the age of 88.

## Infobox (person)

- **embed**: yes


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: Tootie Heath (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Heath in 2014
- **alias**: Tootie Heath
- **death place**: Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S.
- **genre**: Jazz
- **instrument**: Drums
- **years active**: 1957–2024
- **past member of**: Heath Brothers
Loganville, Georgia

**Loganville** is a city in Walton and Gwinnett counties, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 14,127.
East is East

***East is East*** is a 1999 British comedy-drama movie produced by Film4. It is directed by Damien O'Donnell. It stars Om Puri, Linda Bassett, Jimi Mistry, Jordan Routledge and more.
Minié ball

The **Minié ball**, or **Minni ball**, is a type of muzzle-loading spin-stabilized bullet for rifled muskets named after its developer, Claude-Étienne Minié, inventor of the French Minié rifle. It came to prominence in the Crimean War and American Civil War.

Rifling, the addition of spiral grooves inside a gun barrel, gives a spin to a bullet, greatly increasing the range and accuracy of a gun. Before the Minié ball, balls had to be jammed down the rifle barrel, sometimes with a mallet, and after a relatively small number of shots, gunpowder leftovers built up in the spiral grooves, which then had to be cleaned out. The development of the Minié ball was significant, because it was the first projectile that was small enough to be easily put down the barrel of a rifled long gun. Both the American Springfield Model 1861 and the British Pattern 1853 Enfield rifled muskets, the most common weapons used during the American Civil War, used the Minié ball.

The Minié ball did a lot of damage in the American Civil War. It made it really hard for surgeons to treat wounded soldiers because Minié balls shattered bones often.
Rhona and Rhoda Wurtele

**Grace Rhona Wurtele Gillis**  (January 21, 1922 – January 17, 2020) and **Isabella Rhoda Wurtele Eaves**  (born January 21, 1922) were Canadian skiers. They were identical twin sisters. The pair were active in the 1940s and 1950s. The duo won many North American skiing competitions. Together they made up the entire 1948 Winter Olympics women's alpine team for Canada. Rhoda also competed at the 1952 Winter Olympics. The Wurteles were born in Saint-Lambert, Quebec.

## Other websites

- Rhona Wurtele  at Sports-Reference.com
- Rhoda Wurtele  at Sports-Reference.com
Weekend (Polish band)

**Weekend** is a Polish band. They have made disco polo music and dance music.

### Albums

|rowspan=2|Year|rowspan=2|Title|colspan=1|Charts|rowspan=2|Certification <small>(ZPAV)</small>|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2002|align="left"|_Playboy_ * Released: 2002 * Label: Green Star||—|*|||
|2004|align="left"|_Bawidamek_ * Released: 2004 * Label: Green Star||—|*|||
|2009|align=left|_Deja Vu_ * Released: May 10, 2009 * Label: Green Star||—|*|||
|2010|align=left|_Tak jak czuję_ * Released: September 3, 2010 * Label: Green Star||—|*|||
|2012|align=left|_Ona tańczy dla mnie_ (_She dances for me_) * Released: November 10, 2012 * Label: R-Weekend/Fonografika||4|* Gold Disc|||
|2013|align=left|_Święta z Radkiem_ * Released: October 31, 2013 * Label: Fonografika||—|*|||
|2014|align=left|_Będziesz na zawsze_ * Released: November 6, 2014 * Label: Edipresse||—|*|||
|colspan=10 style=font-size:8pt;|"—" denotes a title that did not chart.|||||||

### Singles

|rowspan=2|Year|rowspan=2|Title|colspan=2|Charts|rowspan=2|Album|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan=2|2012|align=left|"Ona tańczy dla mnie"|15|9|rowspan=2|_Ona tańczy dla mnie_|
|align=left|"Męska rzeczywistość"|—|—|||||
|rowspan=4|2013|align=left|"Moje miasto nigdy nie śpi (Studio Fox Original)"|—|—|rowspan=4|—|
|align=left|"Moje miasto nigdy nie śpi (Remix Radio)"|—|—|||||
|align=left|"Moje miasto nigdy nie śpi (Remix Extended)"|—|—|||||
|align=left|"Moje miasto nigdy nie śpi (Serenity Remix Radio)"|—|—|||||
|colspan=10 style=font-size:8pt;|"—" denotes a title that did not chart.|||||||

### Other charted songs

|rowspan=2|Year|rowspan=2|Title|colspan=1|Charts|rowspan=2|Album|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2013|align=left|"Za każdą chwilę"||44|_Ona tańczy dla mnie_|||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Weekend
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Sejny, Poland
- **genre**: Disco polo, dance music, dance
- **years active**: –present
- **label**: Green Star (record label), Green Star, R-Weekend, Fonografika
- **current members**: Radosław Liszewski
Adam Łazowski
Bernard Mikulski
- **past members**: Tomasz Niecikowski
Grzegorz Skowronek
Jacek Wasilewski — Paweł Nitupski
Globe Town

**Globe Town** is an area southeast of Bethnal Green in East London. It is in the borough of Tower Hamlets, in London, United Kingdom.

Globe Town can be described as being east of the rest of Bethnal Green. It features a parade of shops, several social housing estates (primarily high-rise) and Bow Post office.

Large metal statues of globes were built as part of a Tower Hamlets council scheme known as "Tower Hamlets' Neighbourhoods", trying to build a sense of community in poorer areas of London's East End.

The area centres on Roman Road, providing access to neighbouring Bethnal Green and Bow, with many bus routes between these bigger neighbourhoods stopping in Globe Town.

South of the main area are a primary school and pedestrian and cycle access towards Queen Mary University Of London.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **map type**: Greater London
- **region**: London
- **official name**: Globe Town
- **static image name**: File:Brick Arch and Globe Sculpture, Globe Town - geograph.org.uk - 5183410.jpg
- **post town**: LONDON
- **postcode area**: E
- **postcode district**: E1, E2
- **london borough**: Tower Hamlets
- **dial code**: 020
John Mackey

**John Mackey** (born October 1, 1973) is an American composer. He writes for wind ensemble most of the time. He used to write for dance companies. He studied at Cleveland Institute of Music first and then Juillard. Mackey currently lives in San Francisco, California.

## Infobox (musician)

- **name**: John Mackey
- **birth place**: New Philadelphia, Ohio
- **background**: non_performing_personnel
- **occupation**: Composer
- **genre**: Contemporary, classical, dance, ballet
- **website**: http://www.ostimusic.com
Ludovico Einaudi

**Ludovico Maria Enrico Einaudi**  (born 23 November 1955) is an Italian pianist and composer. He has made several original albums of piano music and has made the soundtracks for several films, including _This is England_, _The Father_ and _Nomadland_. He now lives in Milan, Italy.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ludovico Einaudi
- **image**: Ludovico Einaudi in Tehran 12 (cropped)2.jpg
- **image size**: 275px
- **caption**: Einaudi in 2018
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Ludovico Maria Enrico Einaudi
- **birth place**: Turin, Piedmont, Italy
- **death date**: instrument=Piano, synthesizer, keyboard, guitar
- **genre**: Minimalist music, film score, contemporary classical music
- **occupation**: Musician, composer, pianist
- **years active**: 1980–present
- **label**: Decca Records, Universal Music Group
Ponderosa Music and Art (US, FR)
Crossroads (British TV series)

***Crossroads*** (later known as ***Crossroads Motel***) is  a British television soap opera. It was shown on ITV. It began in 1964 and finished in 1988. There was a revival from 2001 to 2003.

_Crossroads_ was set in a fictional motel in the Midlands. _Crossroads_ was later called a hotel. The show became a byword for cheap production values. Despite this, the series regularly attracted huge audiences. It had as many as 15 million viewers.

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 30 minutes
(including adverts)
- **creator**: Hazel Adair (actress and screenwriter), Hazel Adair
Peter Ling
- **writer**: Michala Crees
Ivor Jay
Rosalie Grayson
Raymond Bowers
David Garfield
Edward F. Barnes
 Arthur Schmidt
 Alan Wiggins
 Aubrey Cash
- **director**: John Scholz-Conway
 Dorothy Denham
 Alan Coleman
 Jack Barton
 Teddy Abraham
 David Dunn
Geoff Husson
Mike Holgate
- **opentheme**: Tony Hatch
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **network**: ITV (TV network), ITV
- **company**: Associated Television, ATV
<small>(1964–1981)</small>
ITV Central, Central Independent Television
<small>(1982–1988)</small>
Carlton Television
<small>(2001–2003)</small>
- **first aired**: –
- **num episodes**: **Original Series:** 4510
**Revived Series:** 320
**Total:** 4830
- **location**: Broad Street Studios, Birmingham
<small>(1964–1988)</small>
King's Meadow Campus, Carlton Studios, Nottingham
<small>(2001–2003)</small>
The Brian May Band

**The Brian May Band** was an English-American rock band formed by Queen guitarist Brian May. The band was originally formed in October 1991 for May's performance at Guitar Legends guitar festival in Seville, Spain. They toured with May to promote some of his studio albums.

The rhythm section for the band was Cozy Powell and Neil Murray, who had already worked together in Black Sabbath and Whitesnake. Spike Edney, who was the tour keyboardist for Queen between 1984 and 1986 took the keyboard spot.

The band soon went on a tour of the United States, Europe and Japan. The tour ended in December 1993, when May returned to the studio with fellow Queen band mates Roger Taylor and John Deacon for Queen's final studio album, _Made In Heaven_. Meanwhile, Cozy Powell and Neil Murray returned to work with Black Sabbath, and both later joined Peter Green's Band.

The band reunited in 1998 to promote Brian May's _Another World_ album. Eric Singer, of later KISS fame, was brought as the last minute replacement for Cozy Powell, who had died in a car accident earlier that year.

In 2005, both Jamie Moses and Spike Edney joined the Queen + Paul Rodgers collaboration on their worldwide tour.

Their only release was the live album, _Live at the Brixton Academy_ in 1993.
Paola Santana

**Paola Santana** is a Dominican entrepreneur and lawyer. She is a member of the faculty at Singularity University. She is best known for creating  the first constitutional court in the Dominican Republic. She also founded the drone based logistics company, Matternet . It was the first drone delivery platform allowed for permanent operations in any city. Santana has also founded Social Glass, a software product for the government system.

## Education

Santana got her Bachelor's degree in Law from the Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra in 2009. She enrolled at Ecole nationale d'administration for a Master of Public Administration and thereafter completed a program in the Foundations of American Law and Legal Education from the Georgetown University. In 2012, she completed an LLM from The George Washington University and also enrolled for a program in Policy, Law and Ethics of Exponential Technologies from Singularity University.

## Career

In 2011, Santana was appointed as the Chief of Staff and Strategic Technical Advisor at Tribunal Constitucional de la República Dominicana, where she co-led to establish the first constitutional court in the Dominican Republic. She has worked as a legal consultant at The Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD) and The World Bank. Santana co-founded Matternet, a drone delivery platform which received an FAA regulatory waiver to operate in the United States.

Santana has also worked with NASA to work on the UAS Traffic Management Software System for low-altitude airspace operations under Matternet’s partnership program. Since then she has co-led several advisory committees for drone including the Federal Drone Advisory Committee, Unmanned Aircraft Systems Advisory Group and F38 Subcommittee on Markings for Small UAS. Santana also co-drafted the public-private partnership for Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, to enable a multi-state Hyperloop system in the United States. In 2017, she founded a software company, Social Glass that builds an artificial intelligence based software to help the government with automation of processes and help in the decision making.

## Other websites

- Matternet
- Social Glass
Andrew Whyment

**Andrew "Andy" Whyment** (born 2 April 1981) is an English actor. He is best known for portraying the roles of Darren Sinclair-Jones in the BBC sitcom _The Royle Family_ (1999–2000), and Kirk Sutherland in the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_ (2000–present).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Andrew Whyment
- **occupation**: Actor
- **birth place**: City of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, England
- **years active**: 1988–present
- **television**: _Coronation Street_
 _The Royle Family_
 _I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!_
- **children**: 2
Gross indecency

**Gross indecency** is a legal term used in some English-speaking countries. It was first used to criminalize sexual acts between men, in 1855. Oscar Wilde was charged with gross indecency, in 1895. Alan Turing also pleaded guilty to the charge of gross indecency. If two men either have oral or anal sex, this is called sodomy. It is punished differently, in places where it is a crime.
Realism theory

**Realism theory** is a way of thinking about politics and world history, that focuses on being realistic. It is one of the main styles of international relations theory. It gives the theoretic background to Realpolitik statesmanship of early modern Europe. According to Realism, world politics is always and necessarily a field of conflict among actors who want power. The theories of realism are contrasted by the cooperative ideals of liberalism.

Depending on what they see as the cause of the conflict between states, realists can be divided into three classes: Classical realists believe it follows from human nature; neorealists attribute it to the dynamics of the anarchic state system; neoclassical realists believe it results from both, in combination with domestic politics. Neorealists are also divided between defensive and offensive realism. Realists trace the history of their ideas back through classical antiquity, beginning with Thucydides.

Jonathan Haslam defines realism as "a spectrum of ideas." Its theories revolve around four main rules:

1. states are the central actors in international politics, rather than leaders or international organizations;
1. the international political system is anarchic, as there is no supranational authority to enforce rules;
1. states act in their rational self-interest within the international system; and
1. states desire power to ensure self-preservation.

Realism is often associated with Realpolitik, as both deal with the pursuit, possession, and application of power. Realpolitik, however, is an older prescriptive guideline limited to policy-making, while realism is a wider theoretical and methodological paradigm to describe, explain, and predict events in international relations. As an academic pursuit, realism is not tied to ideology; it does not favor any particular moral philosophy, nor does it consider ideology to be a major factor in the behavior of nations. Priorities of realists have been described as Machiavellian, single-mindedly seeking the power of one's own nation over others.
Loris Zanatta

**Loris Zanatta** (born 19 September 1962) is Professor of Latin American History at the University of Bologna (Italy).

He is author of several books and articles, published in Europe and Latin America, and commentator on Latin America in various media.

Zanatta was featured in the 2018 documentary _El pueblo soy yo_.

## Bibliography

- Del Estado liberal a la Nación católica. Iglesia y Ejército en los orígenes del peronismo. 1930-1943 (Buenos Aires, 1996)
- Perón y el mito de la Nación católica. 1943-1946 (Buenos Aires, 1999)
- Historia de la Iglesia argentina (Buenos Aires, 2000)
- Breve Historia del peronismo clásico (Buenos Aires, 2009)
- Eva Perón. Una biografía política (Buenos Aires, 2011)
- Historia de América Latina: de la Colonia al siglo XXI (Buenos Aires, 2012)
- La internacional justicialista (Buenos Aires, 2012)
- El populismo (Buenos Aires, 2014)
- La larga agonía de la nación católica (Buenos Aires, 2015)

## Other websites

- Department of Political and Social Sciences / Università di Bologna
Blagovest Sendov

**Blagovest Hristov Sendov** (; 8 February 1932 – 19 January 2020) was a Bulgarian diplomat, mathematician and politician. He served as the chairperson of the National Assembly from 1995 to 1997. He was also the National Assembly's deputy chairperson from 1997 to 2002. He was the Bulgarian ambassador to Japan from 2004 to 2009. He was born in Asenovgrad.

On 19 January 2020, Sendov died at the age of 87.
Claudio Roditi

**Cláudio Roditi** (28 May 1946 – 17 January 2020) was a Brazilian jazz trumpeter. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. In 1976, he moved to New York City. Roditi was a member of Dizzy Gillespie's United Nations Orchestra. He also notably worked with Herbie Mann, Charlie Rouse and Paquito D'Rivera. He was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 1995 and 2010.

On 17 January 2020, Roditi died of prostate cancer in South Orange, New Jersey. He was 73.
Jaroslav Kubera

**Jaroslav Kubera** (16 February 1947 – 20 January 2020) was a Czech politician. He was a member of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS). At the time of his death, he was the President of the Senate since November 2018. He was Senator from Teplice from 2000 until his death in 2020. He served as mayor of Teplice from 1994 to 2018.

Kubera was born in Louny. He had a small role as Edvard Beneš in historical drama movie _Toman_, directed by Ondřej Trojan.

Kubera died on 20 January 2020 in Ústí nad Labem. He was 72.
ZAPiT Games

**ZAPiT Games, Inc.** was a company from Mississauga, Canada. It started in 2003 to make a home video game console for families. To do that, they worked with companies such as National Semiconductor, Panasonic and Altera to make the Game Wave Family Entertainment System.

ZAPiT Games also makes games for the BlackBerry and iPhone.

## Game Wave Family Entertainment System

The Game Wave Family Entertainment System is a hybrid DVD player and video game console. That means it can play both DVDs and video games. It first came out in October 2005 during the seventh generation of video game consoles. The games for the system are trivia games, video game versions of traditional board or card games.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: ZAPiT Games, Inc.
- **type**: Privately held company, Private
- **foundation**: Mississauga, Canada, (2003)
- **location city**: Mississauga
- **location country**: Canada
- **products**: Game Wave Family Entertainment System
- **homepage**: [http://playgamewave.com ZAPiT Games]
Lech Raczak

**Lech Raczak** (27 January 1946 – 17 January 2020) was a Polish theatre director. He was born in Krzyżanowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship, lived in  Poznań. He was one of the founders of the Theatre of the Eighth Day. From 1995 to 1998, Raczak was an artistic director of the Polish Theatre in Poznań. He also worked for Malta Festival as an artistic director between 1993 and 2012. He was a professor at University of Arts in Poznań from 2003.

Raczak died of a heart attack on 17 January 2020 at the age of 73.