Ho Chi Minh City

**Ho Chi Minh City** () is a city in southern Vietnam. It is governed as a municipality and includes a large rural area. It is the biggest city in Vietnam. About 9 million people live in the city.

Before its fall on 30 April 1975, the city used to be called "Saigon", and this is still the most common name in everyday conversation. The name Saigon come from the Saigon River, which flows through the city.

## History

It used to be a Khmer port city called Prey Nokor, or “Jungle City”. The city was taken over by the Vietnamese and eventually took the name of_(Sài Gòn)_. It was invaded by the French in 1859. As (French) Saigon it was the capital of French Indochina and became an important city in French colonial trade. After independence(from France), in 1954 to 1975, Saigon became the capital of the Republic of Vietnam. After the end of the US campaign (1973) in the Vietnam War, Saigon was overtaken by the North Vietnamese army on 30 April 1975 and renamed after Hồ Chí Minh. The tradition of naming places in Vietnam after great people is very common. Many streets bear the names of epic heroes. Hai Ba Trung street is named after heroic sisters.

Despite the name change, many people from other countries, and even among Vietnamese people, still call the city "Saigon" today. Interestingly enough, both the names of the Saigon River and the Saigon railway station have stayed unchanged.

## City categorization

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) has expanded with industrialization. It now includes all of the surrounding towns. The city center is old Saigon. Old Saigon has two main districts (One and Three). The new city districts used to be rice fields and fish farms. There are fish all over the city.

## Geography

Ho Chi Minh City is as flat as the river plain it sits on. Nearly all roads are built flat. Bicycle riding around the Mekong delta is very easy in dry weather. Because of the flatness, roads and buildings sink into the draining soil. Lying water keeps pollution very close to city homes. The rising tides can flood many districts when the moon is fullest.

Because rainwater can't be kept in valleys or mountains, the city-water is dangerous to drink. Most people drink from large bottles of water - .
When the streets flood (in rain or tides) the dirt from drains returns onto the city. This has caused a lot of problems for the health of the people living in the city. Escaping sewer water makes people very sick in the tropical countries. Older people may avoid drinking more than a few drinks a day.

## Environment

It's very tropical in the city. The trees in streets are cut down to half every year - but they grow back. Fresh food markets are all over the city. The city has so much rain, that drains and rivers surround every district.

The southeast of the province has the Can Gio Wetlands. It's a 752 square kilometre mangrove area between Ho Chi Minh City and the sea.
Inside the wetlands there are birds, deer, fish, frogs, insects, lizards, monkeys, otters, and snakes. The centipedes all around the city are very dangerous (maybe deadly to tiny animals). People catch and eat the snakes.

The wetlands and ecosystem has been designated as a biosphere reserve. Ho Chi Minh people get education on how to look after their biosphere reserve and wetlands.

## Port

The city is a river port on the Saigon River. Several larger terminals operate outside and inside of the city. Many small docks operate around the city. The river system leads out to sea at Vung Tau, or onto the Mekong delta.
Delivery of materials for the city can be made by boat. Farm produce distributors can arrive by boat in many districts outside the city.

## Education

The use of English is rising in HCMC. Many HCMC people will travel around the world by using English as their international language. Many other languages are studied. French was previously the most popular. Chinese is also very well-known to many people.

### International

The city has international schools that teach foreign children. All classes (except for languages) are given in the chosen language. Many international schools have chosen English as the primary language. Some of the international schools are named by their country of origin. The schools named after a country use the national language of that country.

### National

English is a subject taught in all national schools.

### After-school and colleges

Many HCMC parents use cram schools to improve their children's English. HCMC adults attend colleges to learn English.

### Going overseas

Some HCMC people will go overseas to get foreign education. It can be through staying with relatives, attending boarding schools, joining programs, or with family.

### Universities

English is taught at university in HCMC. It doesn't replace the national language at most universities. International universities might set a requirement for English or another language.

## Healthcare

Ho Chi Minh City has a well-developed healthcare system with around 100 government-owned hospitals and medical centers, as well as many international facilities  as well as privately owned clinics, and private clinics. Notable hospitals include the 1,400-bed Chợ Rẫy Hospital, which was upgraded with Japanese aid, and the French-sponsored Institute of Cardiology. The city is home to the Prima Saigon Eye Hospital, founded by Tran Quoc Bao, City International Hospital, and the FV (France Vietnam) Hospital, all recognized as leading medical facilities in Southeast Asia. Ho Chi Minh City is also known as the hub of medical tourism in Vietnam as noted by Tran Quoc Bao, a leading figure in healthcare and medical tourism across Asia.

## Hobbies

- A favorite hobby is fishing. Fish invade grass fields when they flood - locals wade into the fields with good fishing rods to catch them.
- Kite flying is a popular hobby in the city. When the wind season starts, many fields are full of kite-flyers. At this time, the city skyline is dotted with kites.
- Ho Chi Minh City is a very busy city. The traffic makes little sense to foreigners. Motorbikes are the most common vehicle. The motorbikes mostly travel at speeds under 40 km/hr. Car drivers do their best to never hit motorcycles. Families ride together around the city for fun in the evening.
- Street food is as popular in HCMC as it is in all of Southeast Asia.

## Poverty

Wealthy people live a fantastic life in the city, but others are very poor. Poor does not always mean without food, clothing, shelter, or work in HCMC. The cost of living in Vietnam helps even the poorest people to survive. Many temples, churches, charities, and government organizations help people that are even more misfortunate than the poor. But still, some ultra-poor people struggle with homelessness, and the tropical weather - they get very dark skin compared to other people.

## Entertainment

There is a lot of entertainment for the people in the city. Many discos, bars, and clubs operate all around the city. Food is also a source of entertainment for people in HCMC. Some restaurants sell very strange food: scorpions, bats, rats and more. Tourists are amazed by what is eaten in HCMC.

## Neighbors

The Mekong River delta is accessible from HCMC. It has many rice, coconut, fish, and prawn farms. The main city is Can Tho City.

The mountain range of Vietnam is accessed via Dalat City.

The beaches of Vietnam are accessed via Vung Tau City or Phan Thiet City when leaving HCMC.

The border to Cambodia is the closest international exit point for tourists. This exit border takes people to Phnom Penh City.

Bien Hoa City is another industrial city to the northeast. Around there, the province of Binh Duong is growing through strong financial investment.

## Other websites

- Ho Chi Minh City government website
- Ho Chi Minh City travel information at Wikivoyage

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ho Chi Minh City
- **native name**: Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
- **other name**: Saigon/Sài Gòn
- **native name lang**: vi
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Vietnam, Municipality
- **image caption**: Clockwise from top: Ho Chi Minh City skyline at night, Bến Thành Market, Temple of Hùng Kings (Ho Chi Minh City), Independence Palace, Landmark 81, Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon, Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica
- **nicknames**: Paris of the Orient (historical)
- **map caption**: Interactive map outlining Ho Chi Minh City
- **pushpin map**: Vietnam#Southeast Asia#Asia
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Vietnam##Location within Southeast Asia##Location within Asia
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of Vietnam, Region
- **subdivision name2**: Southeast (Vietnam), Southeast
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, District 1
- **parts type**: List of districts of Vietnam, Districts
- **parts**: 1 sub-city, 16 urban districts & 5 rural districts
- **government type**: Municipalities of Vietnam, Municipality
- **leader title1**: Secretary of Communist Party of Vietnam, CPV
- **leader name1**: Nguyễn Văn Nên
- **leader title2**: Chairman of People's Council
- **leader name2**: Nguyễn Thị Lệ
- **leader title3**: Chairman of People's Committee
- **leader name3**: Phan Văn Mãi
- **area total km2**: 2061.2
- **area total sq mi**: 795.83
- **area metro km2**: 30595
- **area metro sq mi**: 11813
- **elevation m**: 19
- **elevation ft**: 63
- **population total**: 8,993,082 (List of cities in Vietnam, 1st)
- **population metro**: 21,281,639
- **population as of**: 1 April 2019
- **population density km2**: 4292
- **population density metro km2**: 697.2
- **population demonym**: Saigonese
- **demographics type1**: List of ethnic groups in Vietnam, Ethnic groups
- **demographics1 title1**: Vietnamese people, Vietnamese
- **demographics1 info1**: 94.77%
- **demographics1 title2**: Hoa people, Hoa
- **demographics1 info2**: 4.26%
- **demographics1 title3**: Khmer people, Khmer
- **demographics1 info3**: 0.56%
- **demographics1 title4**: Chams
- **demographics1 info4**: 0.12%
- **demographics1 title5**: Tày people, Tày
- **demographics1 info5**: 0.05%
- **demographics1 title6**: Mường people, Mường
- **demographics1 info6**: 0.04%
- **demographics1 title7**: Nùng people, Nùng
- **demographics1 info7**: 0.03%
- **demographics1 title8**: Others
- **demographics1 info8**: 0.17%
- **blank name**: Gross regional product, GRP (Nominal)
- **blank info**: 2019
- **blank1 name**: – Total
- **blank1 info**: US$61.7 billion
- **blank2 name**: – Per capita
- **blank2 info**: US$6,862
- **blank3 name**: Gross regional product, GRP (Purchasing power parity, PPP)
- **blank3 info**: 2019
- **blank4 name**: – Total
- **blank4 info**: US$190.3 billion
- **blank5 name**: – Per capita
- **blank5 info**: US$21,163
- **area code**: 28
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Vietnam, Area codes
- **timezone**: Time in Vietnam, ICT
- **utc offset**: +07:00
- **official name**: Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 70000–74000
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:VN, VN-SG
- **blank name sec2**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank info sec2**: Tropical savanna climate, Aw
- **blank1 name sec2**: International airports
- **blank1 info sec2**: Tan Son Nhat International Airport
 Long Thanh International Airport (under construction)
- **registration plate type**: Vehicle registration plates of Vietnam, License plate
- **registration plate**: 41, 50 – 59
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1698
- **founder**: Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh
- **motto**: Paulatim crescam
meaning "Gradually Grow"