juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

The **Chechen Republic of Ichkeria** (; ; ; shortened to "**ChRI**" or "**CRI**") was a country that declared independence from Russia and controlled most of the former Checheno-Ingush ASSR from 1991 to 2000. It became a part of Russia during the Second Chechen War.

## Infobox (country)

- **common name**: Chechnya
- **empire**: Soviet Union
- **p1**: Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ASSR
- **flag p1**: Flag of Chechen-Ingush ASSR (1978-1991).svg
- **s1**: Chechen Republic
- **flag s1**: Flag of the Chechen Republic (before 2004).svg
- **image flag**: Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg
- **image coat**: Coat of arms of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg
- **image map**: Europe Location Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg
- **image map caption**: Location of Chechnya
- **capital**: Grozny
- **national anthem**:

"Death or Freedom"
- **title leader**: President of Ichkeria, President
- **leader1**: Dzhokhar Dudayev
- **year leader1**: 1991–1996
- **year leader2**: 1996–1997
- **leader3**: Aslan Maskhadov
- **year leader3**: 1997–2000
- **title representative**: President-in-exile
- **representative1**: Aslan Maskhadov
- **year representative1**: 2000–2005
- **year representative2**: 2005–2006
- **representative3**: Dokka Umarov
- **year representative3**: 2006–2007
- **title deputy**: Prime Minister of Ichkeria, Prime Minister
- **deputy1**: Dzhokhar Dudayev
- **year deputy1**: 1991–1996 (first)
- **deputy2**: Aslan Maskhadov
- **year deputy2**: 1998–2000 (last)
- **legislature**: Parliament of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Parliament
- **era**: Dissolution of the USSR, Dissolution of the Soviet Union
- **life span**: 1991–2000

- **event start**: Independence of the Chechen Republic, Independence
- **date start**: 1 November
- **year start**: 1991
- **event1**: First Chechen War, First war with
Russia began
- **date event1**: 11 December 1994
- **event2**: Russia–Chechen Peace Treaty, Moscow Peace Treaty signed
- **date event2**: 12 May 1997
- **event3**: Second Chechen War, Second War started
- **date event3**: 26 August 1999
- **event end**: Battle of Grozny (1999–2000), Fall of Grozny
- **date end**: 6 February
- **year end**: 2000
- **date post**: 31 October 2007
- **event post**: Caucasus Emirate, Emirate proclaimed
- **today**: Russia
* Chechnya
Guangxu Emperor

**Emperor Guangxu** (14 August 1871 – 14 November 1908), personal name **Zaitian**, was the tenth Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the ninth Qing emperor to rule over China proper. His reign lasted from 1875 to 1908, but in practice he ruled, without Empress Dowager Cixi's influence, only from 1889 to 1898. He initiated the Hundred Days' Reform, but was abruptly stopped when the empress dowager launched a coup in 1898, after which he became powerless and was held under house arrest until his death. His era name, "Guangxu", means "glorious succession". He was involved in the First Sino-Japanese War from 1894-1895,and the Boxer Rebellion from 1899-1901 .

## Infobox (royalty)

- **image**: The Imperial Portrait of a Chinese Emperor called "Guangxu".JPG
- **name**: Emperor Guangxu
光緒帝
- **succession**: List of emperors of China, Emperor of China
- **reign**: 25 February 1875– 14 November 1908
- **predecessor**: Tongzhi Emperor, Tongzhi
- **successor**: Puyi, Xuantong
- **birth date**: 14 August 1871
- **birth place**: Beijing, Qing dynasty
- **death place**: Zhongnanhai, Qing dynasty
Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

The **Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic** (**Checheno-Ingush ASSR**) was an autonomous republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. They existed from 1936 to 1944 and again from 1957 to 1992. Its capital was Grozny.

## Population

As of the 1979 census, the territory had an area of  and a population of 611,405 being Chechens, 134,744 Ingush, and the rest being Russians and other ethnic groups.

## Infobox (former subdivision)

- **conventional long name**: Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
- **common name**: Checheno-Ingush ASSR
- **subdivision**: Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union, Autonomous republic
- **nation**: the Russian SFSR
- **life span**: 1936–1944
1957–1992
- **image flag**: Flag of Chechen-Ingush ASSR 1978.svg
- **image coat**: Emblem of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR.svg
- **flag type**: Flag of Chechnya, Flag
- **anthem**: "My Checheno-Ingushetia"

- **image map**: Checheno-Ingush ASSR in the Soviet Union (European part).svg
- **image map caption**: Map of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR
- **capital**: Grozny
- **motto**:
(_Workers of the world, unite!_)
- **era**: 20th century
- **event start**: Unification of Ingush Autonomous Oblast, Ingush and Chechen Autonomous Oblasts
- **year start**: 1934
- **date start**: 15 January
- **event1**: Sovereignty declared
- **date event1**: 27 November 1990
- **event end**: Formation of the Chechen–Ingush Republic
- **year end**: 1992
- **date end**: 16 May
- **p1**: Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast
- **flag p1**: Flag of Russia (1918–1920).svg
- **s1**: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
- **flag s1**: Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg
- **s2**: Ingushetia
- **flag s2**: Flag of Russia (1991–1993).svg
- **today**: Russia
Plant colour

**Plant colors** are very noticeable, especially in flowering plants, and especially the color green. Plants are green because it is a functional color. They photosynthesise, and the chlorophyll they use happens to be green. However, flowering plants show many other colors. Blue is quite rare, though bluebells are a famous exception. Apparently the color is difficult to make by the usual plant biochemistry. It is also rare in animals, so if it is difficult for plants to make, presumably it is difficult for animals to make.

Color can be made in two ways. There are pigments which show a particular color, and there are structural colors.

Plant pigments make the plants show colors. The main pigments are:
- Chlorophyll. The plant pigment, which absorbs blue and red wavelengths, and reflects green. All land plants and green algae have two types: chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. As is well known, their function is to collect light in photosynthesis.
- Carotenoids are red, orange, or yellow.
- Betalains are red or yellow pigments.
- Anthocyanins ("flower blue") are water-soluble pigments that look red to blue, according to pH.

There are also structural colors, although they are less common. They are caused by reflecting iridescent color from a multi-layered surface. Butterfly wings are a typical example.

Some particular types of animals and plants have evolved color systems which are unique.

In the course of evolution, many other colorful molecules have been used by plants and animals. In bacteria, dinoflagellates and fungi, for instance, many other color-causing compounds have been used. Sometimes the color is just incidental, and sometimes it has a function on the life of the organism.

At first, no animals existed which could see colors. At that stage, colors on plants, etc. were incidental by-products of their physiology. The evolution of color vision undoubtedly had an effect on the colors of plants and animals, but we have little evidence of this early stage. We know from the plants and animals of today that color vision is very important.

## Related pages

- The subject of bioluminescence is treated separately.
Manfred Pamminger

**Manfred Pamminger** (born December 28, 1977) was an Austrian football player.

## Career

Pamminger started with his local club SV Seekirchen. His professional career started with SV Austria Salzburg. Then he played for SV Braunau, Austria Lustenau, SCR Altach and some other teams. In 2011–12 he played for the second team of FC Red Bull Salzburg, Red Bull Juniors. He ended his career as a player for USC Eugendorf in the Regionalliga West (3rd level). After the end of his career he became team manager of the newly founded FC Liefering

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Manfred Pamminger
- **image**: FC Liefering gegen SV Lafnitz (2022-04-18) 06.jpg
- **caption**: Manfred Pamminger in 2022
- **birth place**: Austria
- **currentclub**: SC Rheindorf Altach
- **clubnumber**: 28
- **position**: Midfielder (football), Midfielder
- **years1**: 2000–2001
- **years2**: 2001
- **years3**: 2002–2006
- **years4**: 2006–2007
- **years5**: 2007
- **years6**: 2008–2010
- **years7**: 2010–2011
- **years8**: 2011
- **years9**: 2011–2012
- **years10**: 2012–2016
- **clubs1**: FC Red Bull Salzburg, SV Austria Salzburg
- **clubs2**: SV Braunau on loan
- **clubs3**: SC Austria Lusteanu
- **clubs4**: SV Pasching
- **clubs5**: SC Schwanenstadt
- **clubs6**: SC Rheindorf Altach
- **clubs7**: SV Grödig
- **clubs8**: USK Anif
- **clubs9**: FC RB Salzburg, Red Bull Juniors
- **clubs10**: USC Eugendorf
- **caps1**: 30
- **caps2**: 14
- **caps3**: 158
- **caps4**: 26
- **caps5**: 17
- **caps6**: 29
- **goals1**: 0
- **goals2**: 5
- **goals3**: 15
- **goals4**: 0
- **goals5**: 2
- **goals6**: 1
- **pcupdate**: 14 June 2009 (UTC)
Hydrocodone

**Hydrocodone**, also known as **dihydrocodeinone**, is a semisynthetic opioid used to treat pain and as a cough suppressant. It is taken by mouth.

Most of the time it is dispensed as the combination acetaminophen/hydrocodone or ibuprofen/hydrocodone for pain severe enough to require an opioid and in combination with homatropine methylbromide to relieve cough. It is also available by itself in a long-acting form under the brand name Zohydro ER, among others, to treat long-term severe pain.

## Infobox (drug)

- **watchedfields**: changed
- **class**: Opioid
- **verifiedrevid**: 443251358
- **iupac name**: 4,5α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one
- **image**: Hydrocodone skeletal.svg
- **width**: 200px
- **image2**: Hydrocodone-Spartan-PM3-3D-balls.png
- **width2**: 225px
- **tradename**: Hysingla ER, Zohydro ER
- **medlineplus**: a601006
- **dailymedid**: Hydrocodone
- **pregnancy us**: C
- **legal au**: Schedule 8
- **legal br**: A1
- **legal ca**: Schedule I
- **legal de**: Anlage III
- **legal nz**: Class B
- **legal uk**: Class A
- **legal us**: Controlled Substances Act#Schedule II controlled substances, Schedule II
- **dependency liability**: High
- **addiction liability**: High
- **routes of administration**: Clinical: oral administration, by mouth
Others: intranasal administration, intranasal, rectal administration, rectal
- **bioavailability**: By mouth: 70%
- **protein bound**: Low
- **metabolism**: Liver: CYP3A4 (major), CYP2D6 (minor)
- **metabolites**: • Norhydrocodone
• Hydromorphone
• Others
- **onset**: 10–20 minutes
- **elimination half-life**: Average: 3.8 hours
Range: 3.3–4.4 hours
- **duration of action**: 4–8 hours
- **excretion**: Urine
- **cas number**: 125-29-1
- **atc prefix**: R05
- **atc suffix**: DA03
- **pubchem**: 5284569
- **chebi**: 5779
- **chembl**: 1457
- **chemspiderid**: 4447623
- **drugbank**: DB00956
- **iuphar ligand**: 7081
- **kegg**: D08045
- **unii**: 6YKS4Y3WQ7
- **synonyms**: Dihydrocodeinone, hydrocodone bitartrate
Princess Haya bint Hussein

**Princess Haya bint Hussein** (; born 3 May 1974) is the daughter of King Hussein of Jordan and his third wife Queen Alia. She is the half-sister of King Abdullah II.

In 2004, Princess Haya became the second official wife of the ruler of the Emirate of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. In 2019, Princess Haya escaped Dubai with the two children of the marriage to live in the United Kingdom. Subsequent court battles ensued, which ended in Princess Haya gaining political refuge for herself and her children from the UK Government through diplomatic immunity as an Ambassador for Jordan. Princess Haya gained sole custody and a ruling giving her the divorce she sought.

Title

Her Royal Highness Princess Haya bint Al-Hussein

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Princess Haya bint Hussein
- **image**: HRH Princess Haya of Jordan meets with Tracy Edwards MBE (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Princess Haya in 2017
- **issue**: Sheikha Jalila
 Sheikh Zayed
- **full name**: Haya bint Hussein bin Talal bin Abdullah
- **house**: Hashemites, Hashemite
- **father**: Hussein of Jordan
- **mother**: Alia Toukan
- **birth place**: Amman, Jordan
Princess Muna al-Hussein

**Princess Muna Al-Hussein** (, born **Toni Avril Gardiner**; 25 April 1941) is the mother of King Abdullah II of Jordan. She was the second wife of King Hussein. The couple divorced on 21 December 1972.

She is British by birth, and changed her name to Muna Al-Hussein after her royal marriage.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **consort**: yes
- **name**: Muna
- **succession**: List of Jordanian consorts, Princess consort of Jordan
- **image**: Princess Muna with sons 1964.jpg
- **caption**: Princess Muna with sons Abdullah and Faisal (left) in 1964
- **reign**: 25 May 1961 – 21 December 1972
- **issue**: Abdullah II of Jordan
 Prince Faisal bin Hussein, Prince Faisal
 Princess Aisha bint Hussein, Princess Aisha
 Princess Zein bint Hussein, Princess Zein
- **house**: Hashemite (by marriage)
- **father**: Walter Percy Gardiner
- **mother**: Doris Elizabeth Sutton
- **birth name**: Toni Avril Gardiner
- **birth place**: Chelmondiston, Suffolk, England
Latifa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum

Sheikha **Latifa bint Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum** (; born 5 December 1985) is an Emirati sheikha and a member of the Dubai ruling family. Her father, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, is the Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates, and her mother, Huriah Ahmed al M'aash is from Algeria.

She has two half-sisters with the same name.

Sheikha Latifa escaped from Dubai in late February 2018 and was forcibly returned from international waters near the Indian coast by a joint India–Emirates operation on 4 March 2018. In December 2018, the Dubai royal court said that she was back in Dubai. She was believed to be held against her will under the order of her father, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum.

In August 2021 and after Latifa had been photographed in public places in Dubai, Spain and Iceland, the #FreeLatifa campaign, which had lasted three and a half years, came to an end when she was allowed to leave Dubai. In February 2022, it was reported she was living in Paris, France.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Latifa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum
- **title**: Sheikha of Dubai
- **image**: Latifa_bint_Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum_(II).jpg
- **full name**: Latifa bint Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
- **caption**: Sheikha Latifa in January 2018
- **birth place**: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- **house**: House of Al-Falasi, Al Falasi
- **father**: Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
- **mother**: Huriah Ahmed al M'aash
- **signature**:


## Infobox (royal styles)

- **royal name**: Sheikha Latifa bint Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
- **image**:
- **dipstyle**: Her Highness
- **offstyle**: Your Highness
Liza Araneta Marcos

**Louise "Liza" Cacho Araneta–Marcos** (born 21 August 1959) is a Filipino lawyer and academic. She is known for being the wife of Bongbong Marcos. She became the First Lady of the Philippines in June 2022.

Araneta–Marcos taught law in various universities in the Philippines such as Mariano Marcos State University, Saint Louis University, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Northwestern University, and Far Eastern University.

She was a strategist for her husband's presidential campaign in the 2022 Philippine elections.

Araneta–Marcos married her husband in April 17, 1993. They have three children; including Congressman Sandro Marcos.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Louise Araneta–Marcos
- **image**: Liza Araneta Marcos at the 2022 inauguration of Bongbong Marcos.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **term label**: Assumed role
- **order**: First Ladies and Gentlemen of the Philippines, First Lady of the Philippines
- **term**: June 30, 2022
- **predecessor**: Honeylet Avanceña (de facto)
- **president**: Bongbong Marcos
- **office2**: First Lady of Ilocos Norte
- **term label2**: In role
- **term start2**: June 30, 1998
- **term end2**: June 30, 2007
- **governor2**: Bongbong Marcos
- **predecessor2**: Maria Teresa Carlson
- **successor2**: _Vacant_
- **birth name**: Louise Cacho Araneta
- **birth place**: Manila, Philippines
- **children**: 3; including Sandro Marcos, Sandro
- **relatives**: Araneta family
Marcos family
- **occupation**: Lawyer, academic
Lake City, California

**Lake City, California** may refer to:
- Lake City, Modoc County, California
- Lake City, Nevada County, California
- Burnt Ranch, California, in Klamath County; previously known as "Lake City"

## Related pages

- Lake City
Honeylet Avanceña

**Cielito "Honeylet" Salvador Avanceña** (born February 17, 1970) is a Filipina businesswoman. She is best known for being the current partner of former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte. Avanceña and Duterte have been in a relationship since at least 1996 and have a daughter named Veronica.
Shortly after the inauguration of his husband as president, Avanceña was not named as First Lady. Her step-daughter Sara was proposed to fulfill the role instead who did not accept the offer. Avanceña would carry out the roles usually done by the First Lady.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Honeylet Avanceña
- **image**: PhB20191125-MCKY-4 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: First Ladies and Gentlemen of the Philippines, First Lady of the Philippines
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: June 30, 2016
- **term end**: June 30, 2022
- **predecessor**: Kris Aquino
- **successor**: Louise Araneta–Marcos
- **president**: Rodrigo Duterte
- **birth name**: Cielito Salvador Avaceña
- **birth place**: Davao City, Philippines
- **partner**: Rodrigo Duterte (–present)
- **children**: 1
- **alma mater**: Davao Doctors' College <small>(Bachelor of Science, BS</small>)
- **occupation**: Businesswoman, former nurse
Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania

**Mt. Lebanon** is a township with home rule status in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 34,075 at the 2020 census.
It is a suburb of Pittsburgh.
Scinax camposseabrai

***Scinax camposseabrai*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.
Jewett City, Connecticut

**Jewett City** is a borough in northern New London County, Connecticut. It is in the eastern part of the state near the Rhode Island state line. Jewett City is part of the town of Griswold. At the 2020 United States Census, the borough's population was 3,328.

Jewett City was named for Eliezer Jewett. He founded a settlement in this region in 1771.
Kampung Naga

**Kampung Naga** is a hamlet in the Salawu district in Tasikmalaya Regency in the province of  West Java, Indonesia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kampung Naga
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Indonesia
- **pushpin map**: Indonesia
- **translit lang1**: Other
- **translit lang1 type1**: Sundanese script, Sundanese
- **translit lang1 type2**: Javanese script, Javanese
- **translit lang1 info2**: ꦏꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦁꦤꦒ
- **founder**: Baduy people
- **image skyline**: View of Naga village.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: _Kampung Naga_ in Tasikmalaya, West Java
Grünberg, Hesse

**Grünberg** is a town in Gießen in Hessen, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **name**: Grünberg
- **image coa**: DEU Grünberg (Hessen) COA.svg
- **image photo**: Gruenberg markt 1.jpg
- **image caption**: Market square
- **image plan**: Landkreis Gießen Grünberg.png
- **state**: Hessen
- **region**: Gießen
- **district**: Gießen
- **elevation**: 275
- **area**: 89.25
- **postal code**: 35305
- **area code**: 06401 (06634)
- **licence**: GI
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 06 5 31 006
- **mayor**: Marcel Schlosser
- **leader term**: 2021–27
- **party**: CDU
Quill Award

The **Quill Award** was an American literary award that ran for three years in 2005-2007. it was created to inspire reading while promoting Literacy.

## Winners (2007)

- **Book of the year:** _Angels Fall_, Nora Roberts
- **Audio book:** To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee (read by Sissy Spacek)
- **General fiction:** Cormac McCarthy
- **Romance:** _Angels Fall_, Nora Roberts
- **Biography/memoir:** _Einstein: His Life and Universe_, Walter Isaacson

## Winners (2006)

- **Book of the Year:** _Don't Make a Black Woman Take off Her Earrings: Madea's Uninhibited Commentaries on Love and Life_, Tyler Perry
- **Children's Chapter Book/Middle Grade:** Lemony Snicket
- **Young Adult/Teen:** Eldest, Christopher Paolini
- **Graphic Novel:** _Naruto, Volume 7, Masashi Kishimoto_
- **Poetry:** _Amazing Peace: A Christmas Poem_, Maya Angelou
- **Romance:** _Blue Smoke_, Nora Roberts
- **Cooking:** _Rachael Ray 365: No Repeats: A Year of Deliciously Different Dinners_, Rachael Ray
- **Health/Self Improvement:** _It's Not Easy Being Green: And Other Things to Consider_, Jim Henson
- **History/Current Events/Politics:** An Inconvenient Truth, Al Gore
- **Humor:** _Don't Make a Black Woman Take off Her Earrings: Madea's Uninhibited Commentaries on Love and Life, Tyler Perry_
- **Sports:** _Get Your Own Damn Beer, I'm Watching the Game!: A Woman's Guide to Loving Pro Football_, Holly Robinson Peete
- **_Variety_ Blockbuster Book to Film**: _The Devil Wears Prada_ and its film adaptation author Lauren Weisberger and director david frankel

## Winners (2005)

- **Book of the Year:** Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, J. K. Rowling,
- **Poetry:** _Let America Be America Again: And Other Poems, Langston Hughes_
- **Religion and Spirituality:** _Peace is the Way: Bringing War and Violence to an End_, Deepak Chopra
- **Cooking:** _Rachael Ray's 30-Minute Get Real Meals: Eat Healthy Without Going to Extremes_, Rachael Ray
- **Humor:** _The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Presents America: A Citizen's Guide to Democracy Inaction_, Jon Stewart and the Writers of The Daily Show

The foundation awarded a Quills Corporate Literacy Award to Verizon for its support of Literacy programs in the United States
Pastoralism

**Pastoralism** is a form of  animal husbandry where domesticated animals known as Livestock  are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands (pastures) for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds. The species involved include cattle, camels, goats, yaks, llamas, reindeer, horse and sheep.
Human musculoskeletal system

The **human musculoskeletal system** (also known as the **human locomotor system**, and previously the **activity system**) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems. also The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body.

It is made up of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage.
Orthopedic surgery

**Orthopedic surgery** or **orthopedics** (alternatively spelt **orthopaedics**), is the branch of Surgery concerned with conditions involving the  musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders among others.
Bill Mallon

**William James Mallon** (born February 2, 1952) is an American orthopedic surgeon, former professional golfer and a leading authority on the history of the Olympic Games.
Matewan

***Matewan*** is a 1987 American historical drama movie directed by John Sayles and starring Chris Cooper, James Earl Jones, Mary McDonnell, Will Oldham, David Strathairn, Kevin Tighe, Gordon Clapp. It was distributed by Cinecom Pictures and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1988.
Cayuta, New York

**Cayuta** is a town in Schuyler County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, 508 people lived there. There is also a hamlet inside the town, also named Cayuta.

Cayuta occupies the southeastern corner of the county. It is northeast of Elmira. The town is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Notable people

- William T. Lawrence, former US Congressman

## Communities and locations in the Town of Cayuta

- Alpine Junction – A hamlet near the northern town line on NY-13 and NY-224.

## Other websites

- Brief early history of Cayuta

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Cayuta, New York
- **settlement type**: Administrative divisions of New York#Town, Town
- **image skyline**: cayuta.png
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **pushpin map**: New York
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of New York
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name2**: Schuyler County, New York, Schuyler
- **government type**: Town Council
- **leader title**: Town Supervisor
- **leader name**: Brandon Theetage
- **leader title1**: Town Highway Supervisor
- **leader name1**: Tom Beach
- **leader title2**: Town Clerk
- **leader name2**: Karyn Roorda
- **established title**: Town of Cayuta
- **established date**: Est. 1824
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 52.63
- **area land km2**: 52.63
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 20.32
- **area land sq mi**: 20.32
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 508
- **population density km2**: 9.7
- **population density sq mi**: 25.0
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 331
- **elevation ft**: 1086
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 14824
- **area code**: Area code 607, 607
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-13112
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0978805
- **pop est as of**: 2024
- **population est**: 469
Brokedown Palace

***Brokedown Palace*** is a 1999 American mystery drama movie directed by Jonathan Kaplan and starring Claire Danes, Kate Beckinsale, Bill Pullman, Lou Diamond Phillips, Jacqueline Kim, Daniel Lapaine, Paul Walker. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (movie)

**Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas** is a movie based on the book Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey into the heart of the American Dream. The black comedy movie was filmed in 1998 and the main characters are _Raoul Duke_ and _Dr Gonzo_ played by Johnny Depp and Benicio del Toro respectively. Raoul Duke wears a fisherman's hat and yellow tinted aviator glasses. The movie details the duo's journey to Las Vegas with purely journalistic intentions that then quickly devolve into a psychedelic exploration of the city.
Affair of the Poisons

The **Affair of the Poisons** was a murder scandal that occurred during the reign of and against King Louis the Fourteenth of France, under which prominent members of the French aristocracy were implicated and accused of trying to assassinate the king.
Saint-Lazare Prison

**Prison Saint-Lazaire** was a jail in Paris's 10th arrondissement, most notorious as being one of the places where the man with the iron mask was immured.
Arrondissement

There are two types of **arrondissement** in France. The first type is a part of a French department. The center of government of this type is called a subprefecture. The second type is a district of a French city. Only Paris, Lyon, and Marseille are split into arrondissements.
Jean-Baptiste Colbert

**Jean-Baptiste Colbert** was a French statesman who served as Minister of State from 1661 until his death in 1683.

## Other websites

- _Histoire de la vie et de l'administration de Colbert_ by Jean-Pierre Clément
- Jean-Baptiste Colbert Correspondence  Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania

## Infobox (economist)

- **embed**: yes
- **school tradition**: Mercantilism
- **contributions**: Colbertism
- **awards**: Order of the Holy Spirit
- **signature**: Signatur Jean-Baptiste Colbert.PNG


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-suffix**: Lord of Vandières, Marne, Vandières and Cernay-lès-Reims, Cernay
- **image**: Colbert1666.jpg
- **caption**: _Portrait de Jean-Baptiste Colbert_ (1655)
by Philippe de Champaigne
- **office**: Chief minister of France, First Minister of State
- **monarch**: Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV
- **term start**: 9 March 1661
- **term end**: 6 September 1683
- **predecessor**: Cardinal Mazarin, Jules Raymond Mazarin
- **successor**: François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, The Marquis of Louvois
- **office1**: Secretary of State of the Navy (France), Secretary of State of the Navy
- **monarch1**: Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV
- **term start1**: 7 March 1669
- **term end1**: 6 September 1683
- **predecessor1**: Hugues de Lionne, The Marquis of Fresnes
- **successor1**: Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Seignelay, The Marquis of Seignelay
- **office3**: Controller-General of Finances
- **monarch3**: Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV
- **term start3**: 12 December 1665
- **term end3**: 6 September 1683
- **predecessor3**: Louis Le Tonnelier
- **successor3**: Claude Le Peletier
- **office2**: Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi
- **monarch2**: Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV
- **term start2**: 16 February 1669
- **term end2**: 6 September 1683
- **predecessor2**: Antoine de Ratabon
- **successor2**: François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, The Marquis of Louvois
- **birth place**: Reims, Kingdom of France, France
- **death place**: Paris, Kingdom of France, France
- **restingplace**: Saint-Eustache, Paris
- **nationality**: French
- **nickname**: _Le Grand Colbert_
(The Great Colbert)
Young Democratic Socialists of America

The **Young Democratic Socialists of America** is the youth/student wing of the organization Democratic Socialists of America.
Labour movement

The **Labour movement** or **labor movement** is a social and political movement advocating the well-being of laborers and workers.

## Related pages

- May Day
Laborer

A **laborer** or **labourer** is a worker who does manual labor jobs for a living.
New American Movement

The **New American Movement** was an American multi-tendency organization advocating socialism and third-wave feminism. It existed from 1971 to 1983.
The Mummy and the Hummingbird

***The Mummy and the Hummingbird*** is a lost 1915 American silent drama movie directed by James Durkin and starring Charles Cherry, Arthur Hoops, Lillian Tucker, Claire Zobelle, Nina Lindsey. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
New Atlantis

**New Atlantis** can mean

- New Atlantis (book)
- _The New Atlantis_ (journal), a journal founded in 2003
- New Atlantis (micronation), a micronation founded by Leicester Hemingway on a raft off Jamaica in the 1960s
- New Atlantis, a fictional country in Anatole France's _Penguin Island_
- "The New Atlantis", a short story by Ursula K. Le Guin
Seastead

A **seastead** is a hypothetical floating settlement on the ocean, especially in international waters primarily to test out alternative systems of governance, especially of the libertarian variety.
New Atlantis (book)

**New Atlantis** is an unfinished utopian novel written by Sir Francis Bacon and published after his death in 1626. In _New Atlantis_ Bacon portrayed a vision of future human discovery and knowledge, expressing his aspirations and ideals for humanity. New Atlantis  depicts the creation of a land where generosity, enlightenment, dignity, splendor, piety and "public spirit".
Cameo Kirby (1914 movie)

***Cameo Kirby*** is a 1914 American silent drama movie directed by Oscar Apfel and is the first version of the 1909 play of the same name by Booth Tarkington and Harry Leon Wilson. It stars Dustin Farnum, Fred Montague, James Neill, Jode Mullally, Winifred Kingston, Dick Le Reno, Ernest Joy and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Danton (1983 movie)

***Danton*** () is a 1983 French Polish German historical drama movie directed by Andrzej Wajda and was based on the 1929 play _The Danton Case_ by Stanisława Przybyszewska. It stars Gérard Depardieu, Wojciech Pszoniak, Patrice Chéreau, Jerzy Trela, Bogusław Linda, Angela Winkler, Andrzej Seweryn, Serge Merlin and was distributed by Gaumont.
Scinax kennedyi

**Kennedy's snouted tree frog** (_Scinax kennedyi_) is a frog.  It lives in the llanos in Colombia and Venezuela.
Leipzig Opera

The **Leipzig Opera** is an opera house and opera company in Leipzig. It was created in 1693. Georg Philipp Telemann was the opera house's director from 1703 to 1705. The opera house was closed when Johann Sebastian Bach worked in Leipzig.

## Other websites

- (in English)
- Interview with Damien Diaz, Principal Dancer under Uwe Scholz
Austrian schilling

The **schilling** was the currency of Austria from 1925 to 1938 and from 1945 to 1999. The schilling was the circulating currency until 2002 when the euro was introduced.
Jayeshbhai Jordaar

***Jayeshbhai Jordaar*** is a 2022 Indian Hindi-language comedy-drama film written and directed by Divyang Thakkar. It was produced by Aditya Chopra and Maneesh Sharma under Yash Raj Films. It stars Ranveer Singh in the titular role as the son of a traditional Gujarati sarpanch, who believes in equal rights between males and females in society. It also stars Shalini Pandey while Boman Irani and Ratna Pathak Shah play supporting roles.

The film was officially announced in May 2019; after the pre-production ended, shooting commenced in Mumbai on 4 December 2019. The second schedule took place in Gujarat from January 2020 and the film wrapped up on 7 February 2020.

_Jayeshbhai Jordaar_ was earlier announced to release in theatres on 2 October 2020 and later 27 August 2021, but the COVID-19 pandemic in India led to its postponement by the makers who waited for the pandemic to subside rather than releasing it on OTT platforms. The film was released theatrically on 13 May 2022. On box office account the film grossed  crore worldwide in its first weekend of release.

## Cast

- Ranveer Singh as Jayeshbhai "Jayesh" Jordaar
- Shalini Pandey as Mudra, Jayesh's wife
- Boman Irani as Pruthvish, Jayesh's father
- Ratna Pathak Shah as Jashoda, Jayesh's mother
- Jia Vaidya as Siddhi, Jayesh and Mudra's daughter
- Deeksha Joshi as Preeti, Jayesh’s sister
- Puneet Issar as Amar Tau
- Ragi Jani as Sanjay, Jayesh’s Uncle
Digital art

**Digital art** is the practice of art that uses digital technology to make it. Names for digital art have changed since the 1960s. Some of these names are computer art and multimedia art. Digital art is a part of new media art.

Anything produced or made on digital media, such as animations, photographs, illustrations, videos, digital paintings, and such can be classified as digital art. It encompasses a wide range of techniques, from digital drawings, paintings and illustration, to photos, videos and even sculpture.

## Types of digital art

- Art game
- ASCII art
- E-books
- Electronic music
- Poems

## Related pages

- Computer graphics
- Graphic arts

## Other websites

- Dreher, Thomas. "History of Computer Art"
- Zorich, Diane M. "Transitioning to a Digital World"
Mandan, North Dakota

**Mandan** is a city on the eastern border of Morton County. It is the eighth-largest city in North Dakota. It was founded in 1879. In 1881, it was made the county seat of Morton County. In the 2020 census, the population was 24,206. Across the Missouri River from Bismarck, Mandan is a core city of the Bismarck-Mandan Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Climate

Mandan's climate has  large seasonal temperature differences. It has warm, hot and humid summers. In the winter, it becomes very cold.

## Other websites

- Mandan Historical Society website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Mandan, North Dakota
- **population density km2**: 650.57
- **area land km2**: 34.97
- **area land sq mi**: 13.50
- **area water km2**: 0.38
- **area water sq mi**: 0.15
- **elevation m**: 502
- **elevation ft**: 1647
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 24206
- **population density sq mi**: 1684.96
- **area total km2**: 35.36
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 38-49900
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1030076
- **blank2 name**: List of North Dakota numbered highways, Highways
- **blank2 info**: Interstate 94 in North Dakota, I-94 / Interstate 94 Business (North Dakota), I-94 Bus. / Bismarck Expressway, I-194 / North Dakota Highway 6, ND 6 / North Dakota Highway 1806, ND 1806
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 58554
- **area code**: Area code 701, 701
- **area total sq mi**: 13.65
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: City hall mandan north dakota 2009.jpg
- **image caption**: City Hall in Mandan
- **motto**: "Where the West Begins"
- **image map**: ND Morton County Mandan.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Mandan, North Dakota
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in North Dakota, County
- **subdivision name1**: North Dakota
- **subdivision name2**: Morton County, North Dakota, Morton
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1881
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: James Froelich
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Biretta

The **biretta** () is a religious square cap worn by Catholic clergy and some Anglican and Lutheran clergy.
Byron, Minnesota

**Byron** is a city in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States.
Dover, Minnesota

**Dover** is a city in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States.
Eyota, Minnesota

**Eyota** is a city in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States.
Nkenge Touré

**Nkenge Touré** (born **Anita Stroud** on March 5, 1951) is a civil rights and political activist who is also a leader in the Anti-Racism, Reproductive Justice, and Black Women’s Health movements. She is also a former member of the Black Panther Party. Touré was the second black woman to work at the DC Rape Crisis Center, and she served as Director and General Administrator of the center. After working at the DC Rape Crisis Center for 13 years, Touré had an important role in anti-rape organizing and addressing all forms of violence toward women. Touré founded SisterSong, a national activist organization focusing on reproductive justice for women of color. She founded/co-founded other organizations, such as the National Black United Front and the International Council of African Women. Touré’s activism shaped black-feminist movements across America, allowing black feminists to gather together at political organizing, social gatherings, and consciousness-raising sessions to assert themselves. They produced leaders who supported feminism, civil rights, gay rights, and AID activism throughout the 1970s – 1990s. Touré continued to work with women with HIV, children born with HIV, and substance abusers. She has received numerous awards for her activism, spoken at rallies and conferences, and has published writing.
Oronoco, Minnesota

**Oronoco** is a city in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States.
Stewartville, Minnesota

**Stewartville** is a city in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States.
Afton, Minnesota

**Afton** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Bayport, Minnesota

**Bayport** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Birchwood Village, Minnesota

**Birchwood Village** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Cottage Grove, Minnesota

**Cottage Grove** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Dellwood, Minnesota

**Dellwood** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Forest Lake, Minnesota

**Forest Lake** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Lake Elmo, Minnesota

**Lake Elmo** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Lake St. Croix Beach, Minnesota

**Lake St. Croix Beach** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Lakeland Shores, Minnesota

**Lakeland Shores** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Lakeland, Minnesota

**Lakeland** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Landfall, Minnesota

**Landfall** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Mahtomedi, Minnesota

**Mahtomedi** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Oak Park Heights, Minnesota

**Oak Park Heights** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Oakdale, Minnesota

**Oakdale** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Pine Springs, Minnesota

**Pine Springs** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Scandia, Minnesota

**Scandia** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
St. Marys Point, Minnesota

**St. Marys Point** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
St. Paul Park, Minnesota

**St. Paul Park** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Willernie, Minnesota

**Willernie** is a city in Washington County, Minnesota, United States.
Yang Yan

**Yang Yan** (born 2 July 1998) is a Chinese wheelchair basketball player. She is a member of the China women's national wheelchair basketball team and the team. She plays at the centre position.  She won the silver medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics.

At the 2018 World Wheelchair Basketball Championship in Hamburg she finished fourth.
Steelville, Missouri

**Steelville** is the county seat of Crawford County, Missouri, United States.
Chen Wenli

**Chen Wenli** (born 4 May 1990) is a Chinese wheelchair basketball player. She is a member of the China women's national wheelchair basketball team. She won the silver medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, and the gold medal at the 2018 Asian Para Games.

At the 2018 World Wheelchair Basketball Championship she finished  fourth.
Lei Tianjiao

**Lei Tianjiao** (born 31 October 1993) is a Chinese wheelchair basketball player. She is a member of the China women's national wheelchair basketball team and the Beijing team. She plays as a centre. She won the silver medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, and the gold medal at the 2018 Asian Para Games.

She finished with the team fourth at the 2018 World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and sixth at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

In November 2009 she was involved in a traffic incident that resulted in a below-the-knee amputation of her right leg. When she was 17 years old she started with wheelchair basketball after the Beijing wheelchair basketball team was recruiting new players.
Dai Jiameng

**Dai Jiameng** (born 7 July 1995) is a Chinese wheelchair basketball player (4.5 wheelchair basketball classification). She is a member of the China women's national wheelchair basketball team and the "Beijing" team. She won the silver medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, and the gold medal at the 2018 Asian Para Games.

She finished fourth with the team at the 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship , and sixth at the 2016 Summer Paralympics .

When she was four years old she was involved in a car accident that resulted in a limb deficiency. With a passion for basketball she started with wheelchair basketball in Beijing when she was fourteen years old. She made her debut at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship where she finished seventh. She competed at the  2015 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship.

She studied accounting at the Beijing Radio and TV University.

## Other websites

- Chinese Paralympic athlete shares her journey at rights forum - CGTN 9-Dec-2021
- Dai Jiameng (front L) of China shoots during the wheelchair basketball Xinhua TOKYO, Sept 4, 2021
Huang Xiaolian

**Huang Xiaolian** (born 20 September 1990) is a Chinese wheelchair basketball player. She is a member of the China women's national wheelchair basketball team and the Guangdong Province team. She won the silver medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics and the gold medal at the 2018 Asian Para Games.

At the 2018 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship she finished fourth.

## Other websites

- Huang Xiaolian L of China breaks through during the women's... News Photo - Hu Huhu/Xinhua
- Huang Xiaolian R of China shoots during the women's quarterfinal... News Photo -  Cai Yang/Xinhua
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud

**Hassan Sheikh Mohamud** (, ; born 29 November 1955) is a Somali politician who currently is the President of Somalia since 2022. He was president before from 2012 until 2017. He is the founder and current chairman the Union for Peace and Development Party. In March 2025, Mohamud survived an assassination attempt.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Hassan Sheikh Mohamud

- **image**: 2013 04 19 President Hassan Sheik Mohamud c (8667048035).jpg
- **caption**: Hassan in 2013
- **office2**: Leader of the Union for Peace and Development Party
- **term start2**: 4 October 2018
- **office**: 8th and 10th President of Somalia
- **primeminister**: Mohamed Hussein Roble
Hamza Abdi Barre
- **primeminister1**: Abdiweli Mohamed Ali
Abdi Farah Shirdon
Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed
Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke
- **term start**: 15 May 2022
- **predecessor**: Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
- **term start1**: 10 September 2012
- **term end1**: 16 February 2017
- **predecessor1**: Mohamed Osman Jawari (acting)
- **successor1**: Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
- **office3**: Leader of the Peace and Development Party
- **term start3**: 20 April 2011
- **term end3**: 22 December 2016
- **predecessor3**: Position established
- **successor3**: Ahmed Ali
- **birth place**: Jalalaqsi, Trust Territory of Somaliland
- **party**: Peace and Development Party
Union for Peace and Development Party
- **spouse**:
Qamar Ali
- **education**: Somali National University
Barkatullah University
- **signature**: Hassan Sheikh Mohamud signature.svg
Baby formula

**Baby formula**, **infant formula** or just **formula** (American English) or **baby milk**, **infant milk**, **false milk**, or **first milk** (British English), is a manufactured food designed for feeding to babies and infants under 12 months of age. It is usually prepared for bottle-feeding or cup-feeding from powder (mixed with water) or liquid (with or without water).

The U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) calls infant formula as a good substitution of breast milk.

Ideas about safety:
There have been some cases where the use of _powdered infant formula_ (or PIF) has been associated with illness or death, because of infection with _Cronobacter sakazakii_ and other microorganisms that can get into that infant formula, when it gets made. Between 1958 and 2006, there were several dozen reported cases of _C. sakazakii_ infection worldwide. The WHO believes that such infections are under-reported.
2022 United States infant formula shortage

In 2022, the United States had a major shortage of infant formula as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and 2021–2022 global supply chain crisis. It was also caused by a large scale product recall.

As of May 14, nationwide out-of-stock rates were reported to be 43%, up from 31% two weeks before, with normal out-of-stock rate being 10%.

In many places, store shelves are empty. Delaware, Kansas, and Tennessee were the most hard-hit states.

As of mid-May, manufacturers and retailers expected a months-long delay before formula stocks would be fully restored.
Lin Suiling

**Lin Suiling** (born 26 February 1991) is a Chinese wheelchair basketball player. She is a member of the China women's national wheelchair basketball team and the Guangdong Province  team. She won the silver medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics and the gold medal at the 2018 Asian Para Games.

She was the Most Valuable Player at the 2019 Asia Oceania Championships. She finished fourth at the 2018 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship , and sixth at the 2016 Summer Paralympics .

She has a leg impairment as a result from the effects of polio. She studied at the Hunan Radio and Television University (Administration Studies, Management) in Chenzhou

## Other websites

- Lin Suiling of Team China celebrates after hitting her free throws... News Photo - Adam Pretty