juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Erskine Bowles

**Erskine Boyce Bowles** (born August 8, 1945) is an American businessman and politician from North Carolina. He was the president of the University of North Carolina system from 2005 to 2010. He was as White House Chief of Staff from 1997–98. Bowles also ran for the United States Senate from North Carolina in 2002 and 2004 but lost both times.

Bowles was born in Greensboro, North Carolina. His parents are Jessamine Woodward Boyce Bowles and Hargrove "Skipper" Bowles Jr.. Bowles grew up in Greensboro and graduated from Virginia Episcopal School. Then he studied at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was a member of the Zeta Psi fraternity. He graduated with a business degree. He was in the United States Coast Guard for a short time. Next, Bowles studied at Columbia Business School. He earned an MBA. After graduation, Bowles worked for the financial firm Morgan Stanley in New York City.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Erskine Bowles
- **image**: Erskine Bowles in 2010.jpg
- **office**: Chair of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform
- **term start**: February 18, 2010
- **term end**: December 1, 2010
Served with Alan K. Simpson, Alan Simpson
- **predecessor**: Position established
- **successor**: Position abolished
- **office1**: President of the University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina System
- **term start1**: October 3, 2005
- **term end1**: December 31, 2010
- **predecessor1**: Molly Corbett Broad, Molly Broad
- **successor1**: Thomas W. Ross, Tom Ross
- **office2**: 19th White House Chief of Staff
- **president2**: Bill Clinton
- **term start2**: January 20, 1997
- **term end2**: October 20, 1998
- **predecessor2**: Leon Panetta
- **successor2**: John Podesta
- **office3**: White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations
- **president3**: Bill Clinton
- **term start3**: October 3, 1994
- **term end3**: January 11, 1996
- **predecessor3**: Philip Lader
- **successor3**: Evelyn S. Lieberman, Evelyn Lieberman
- **office4**: 18th Administrator of the Small Business Administration
- **president4**: Bill Clinton
- **term start4**: May 7, 1993
- **term end4**: October 3, 1994
- **predecessor4**: Pat Saiki
- **successor4**: Philip Lader
- **birth place**: Greensboro, North Carolina, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Columbia University
Allan Hills 84001

**Allan Hills 84001** (commonly abbreviated **ALH84001**) is a meteorite that was found in Allan Hills, Antarctica on December 27, 1984, by a team of American meteorite hunters from the ANSMET project. Like other members of the group of SNCs (shergottite, nakhlite, chassignite), ALH84001 is thought to be from Mars. However, it does not fit into any of the previously discovered SNC groups. On discovery, its mass was .
Jan Maxwell

**Janice Elaine Maxwell** (November 20, 1956 – February 11, 2018) was an American stage and television actress. She was a five-time Tony Award nominee and two-time Drama Desk Award winner (2005, 2010). She was born in Fargo, North Dakota.

Maxwell was known for her performance in the musical _Chitty Chitty Bang Bang_ (2005) and _Follies_ (2012). Her other Broadway credits include, _Dancing at Lughnasa_ (1992), _A Doll's House_ (1997), _The Sound of Music_ (1998) and _The Dinner Party_ (2001).

In television, Maxwell starred in _The Divide_ (2014), _The Good Wife_ (2014), and _Gossip Girl_ (2009–2011). From 1994 to 2003, she appeared in four episodes of the NBC drama _Law & Order_, each time as a different character.

Maxwell died of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis complicated from breast cancer in New York City on February 11, 2018 at the age of 61.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jan Maxwell
- **image**: Jan Maxwell (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Maxwell in 2010
- **birth name**: Janice Elaine Maxwell
- **birth place**: Fargo, North Dakota, United States
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York, United States
- **occupation**: Actress
- **alma mater**: Moorhead State University
- **yearsactive**: 1989–2016
- **spouse**: Robert Emmet Lunney
- **awards**: Drama Desk Award (2005, 2010)
Nicholas Shehadie

**Sir Nicholas Michael Shehadie** (15 November 1925 – 11 February 2018) was an Australian rugby union sportsperson and politician. He was born in Sydney. He served as Lord Mayor of Sydney from 1973 to 1975. He was a national representative rugby union captain, who made thirty career Test appearances for Australia between 1947 and 1958.

Shehadie was an inductee into both the Australian Rugby Union Hall of Fame and the IRB Hall of Fame.

From 1957 until his death, Shehadie was married to former Governor of New South Wales Dame Marie Bashir.

Shehadie died on 11 February 2018 in Sydney at the age of 92.

## Orders

- **1 January 1971** Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for service to Local Government.
- **1 January 1976** Knight Bachelor for his service as Lord Mayor of Sydney.
- **11 June 1990** Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) for "service to the media, to sport and to community".
- **17 May 2001** Knight of the Order of St John

## Other websites

- Mosman Sporting Wall of Fame
- Australian Lebanese Historical Society Inc.
- Nicholas Shehadie Test statistics at ESPN Scrum
- Wallaby Hall of Fame
- Official Website of the Governor of New South Wales

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sir Nicholas Shehadie
- **imagesize**: 180px
- **order**: 75th Lord Mayor of Sydney
- **deputy**: Barrett Lewis
Leo Port
- **term start**: 24 September 1973
- **term end**: 26 September 1975
- **predecessor**: David Griffin (Australian), David Griffin
- **successor**: Leo Port
- **birth place**: Sydney, New South Wales
- **death place**: Sydney, New South Wales
- **spouse**: Marie Bashir, Dame Marie Bashir
- **party**: Independent
Austin Asche

**Keith John Austin Asche**, AC, QC (28 November 1925 – 16 December 2024) was an Australian politician. He was born in Melbourne. He served as Administrator of the Northern Territory from 1993 through 1997. He was the third Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory serving from 1986 through 1987.

Asche was appointed a Knight of the Order of St. John in 1993 and made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1994. He was made Honorary Freeman of the City of Darwin in 2007.

Asche died on 14 December 2024, at the age of 99.
Ted Egan

**Edward Joseph "Ted" Egan** AO (6 July 1932 – 4 December 2025) was an Australian folk musician and a former public servant. He served as Administrator of the Northern Territory from 2003 to 2007.

Egan died on 4 December 2025 in Alice Springs, Australia at the age of 93.

## Other websites

- Egan's official website
- Television interview with Egan (ABC's _Enough Rope_, August 2004)
- Official Administrator's site
- VIDEO: Egan on the crisis in Indigenous Australia (2009) on ABC Fora

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Hon.
- **name**: Ted Egan
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of Australia, AO
- **image**: Ted Egan.jpg
- **caption**: At the Woodford Folk Festival 2010–11
- **order**: 18th
- **office**: Administrator of the Northern Territory
- **term start**: 31 October 2003
- **term end**: 30 October 2007
- **governor-general**: Michael Jeffery
- **predecessor**: John Anictomatis
- **successor**: Tom Pauling
- **birth place**: Coburg, Victoria, Coburg, Melbourne, Australia
- **death place**: Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
- **birthname**: Edward Joseph Egan
- **nationality**: Australian
- **partner**: Nerys Evans
- **occupation**: Musician
Neil Conn

**Neil Raymond Conn** (born 17 August 1936) is an Australian economist and politician. He served as Administrator of the Northern Territory (1997-2000).

Conn was appointed by Queen Elizabeth II as Lord Prior of the Order of Saint John in 2014. He was succeeded by Sir Malcolm Ross in 2016.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Neil Conn
- **office**: Lord Prior of the Venerable Order of Saint John, Order of Saint John
- **term start**: 24 June 2014
- **term end**: 2015
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **predecessor**: Anthony Mellows
- **successor**: Malcolm Ross (courtier), Sir Malcolm Ross
- **office1**: 14th Administrator of the Northern Territory
- **term start1**: 17 February 1997
- **term end1**: 30 October 2000
- **governor-general1**: William Deane, Sir William Deane
- **predecessor1**: Austin Asche
- **successor1**: John Anictomatis
- **birth place**: Sydney, New South Wales
- **birthname**: Neil Raymond Conn
- **nationality**: Australian
- **spouse**: Lesley Jennifer _née_ Flood
- **alma mater**: University of Sydney
Duke University
- **profession**: Economist
- **awards**: Officer of the Order of Australia
Venerable Order of Saint John, Bailiff Grand Cross of the Order of St John
- **allegiance**: Australia
- **rank**: Lieutenant
- **branch**: Australian Army
Peter Sinclair

Rear Admiral **Peter Ross Sinclair** (born 16 November 1934) is a retired senior officer of the Royal Australian Navy. He served as the 35th Governor of New South Wales from 8 August 1990 to 1 March 1996.

In 1987 he was appointed Flag Officer Commanding HM Australian Fleet, a position which later changed to Maritime Commander, Australia.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Rear admiral (Australia), Rear Admiral The Honourable
- **name**: Peter Sinclair
- **order**: 35th
- **office**: Governor of New South Wales
- **term start**: 8 August 1990
- **term end**: 1 March 1996
- **lieutenant**: Murray Gleeson
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II
- **premier**: Nick Greiner
John Fahey (politician), John Fahey
Bob Carr
- **predecessor**: David Martin (Governor), Sir David Martin
- **successor**: Gordon Samuels
- **birth place**: Manly, New South Wales
- **spouse**: Shirley McLellan
- **allegiance**: Australia
- **branch**: Royal Australian Navy
- **serviceyears**: 1948–1989
- **rank**: Rear admiral (Australia), Rear Admiral
- **commands**: Deputy Chief of Navy (Australia), Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (1989)
Commander Australian Fleet, Maritime Commander Australia (1987–89)
Australian Defence Force Academy (1984–86)
 (1978)
 (1974–77)
 (1970–72)
- **battles**: Korean War
Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
Vietnam War
- **mawards**: Companion of the Order of Australia
Marjorie Jackson-Nelson

**Marjorie Jackson-Nelson** (born 13 September 1931) is an Australian politician and Olympic athlete. She is a former Governor of South Australia and a former Australian athlete.

Jackson-Nelson finished her sporting career with two Olympic and seven Commonwealth Games Gold Medals, six individual world records and every Australian State and National title she contested from 1950–1954.

## Other websites

- Biography at the Governor of South Australia website
- Peter Nelson Leukaemia Research Fellowship Fund

## Infobox (governor)

- **image**: Marjorie Jackson.jpg
- **caption**: Marjorie Jackson-Nelson in 2007
- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Marjorie Jackson-Nelson
- **order**: 33rd
- **office**: Governor of South Australia
- **term start**: 3 November 2001
- **term end**: 8 August 2007
- **premier**: Rob Kerin <small>(2001–02)</small>
Mike Rann <small>(2002–07)</small>
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II, Queen Elizabeth II
- **predecessor**: Sir Eric Neal
- **successor**: Kevin Scarce
- **birth place**: Coffs Harbour, New South Wales
- **nationality**: Australian
- **spouse**: Peter Nelson (cyclist), Peter Nelson <small>(1953–77; his death)</small>
- **residence**: Marion, South Australia
Leneen Forde

**Mary Marguerite "Leneen" Forde** (born 12 May 1935) is a Canadian-born Australian educator and politician. She was a former Chancellor of Griffith University. She served as the 22nd Governor of Queensland from 1992 until 1997.

## Infobox (governor)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Leneen Forde
- **order**: 22nd
- **office**: Governor of Queensland
- **term start**: 29 July 1992
- **term end**: 29 July 1997
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Queen Elizabeth II
- **premier**: Wayne Goss (1992–96)
Rob Borbidge (1996–97)
- **predecessor**: Walter Campbell (judge), Sir Walter Campbell
- **successor**: Peter Arnison
- **birth place**: Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- **birth name**: Mary Marguerite Leneen Kavanagh
- **spouse**: Francis Gerard Forde
- **alma mater**: University of Queensland
- **occupation**: Solicitor
James Gobbo

**Sir James Augustine Gobbo** AC, CVO, QC (22 March 1931 – 7 November 2021) was an Australian jurist and politician. He was the 25th Governor of Victoria serving from 1997 through 2000. He was born in Melbourne.

Gobbo was made Knight Bachelor in 1981 and became a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in 1993 and a Knight of Grace of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem (KStJ) in 1997. He was awarded the Centenary Medal in 2001.

Gobbo died on 7 November 2021 at the age of 90.
John Landy

**John Michael Landy** (12 April 1930 – 24 February 2022) was an Australian middle-distance runner and politician. Landy was born in Melbourne. He was the second man to break the four-minute mile barrier in the mile run. He held the world records for the 1500 metre run and the mile race. He also won a bronze medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics. Landy was also the 26th Governor of Victoria from 2001 to 2006.

Landy died on 24 February 2022 in Castlemaine, Australia from problems caused by Parkinson's disease at the age of 91.

## Other websites

- _The Perfect Mile: Three Athletes, One Goal, and Less Than Four Minutes to Achieve It_, by Neal Bascomb, 2004,
Guy Green

**Sir Guy Stephen Montague Green**, AC, KBE, CVO (26 July 1937 – 22 July 2025) was an Australian jurist. A former Chief Justice of the Tasmanian Supreme Court and he was the Governor of Tasmania from 1995 to 2003. He was the first Tasmanian-born governor of the state, although not the first Australian-born. He was born in Launceston, Tasmania.

Green died on 22 July 2025 in Hobart, Tasmania from a short-illness, four days before his 88th birthday.
William Cox

**William John Ellis Cox**, AC, RFD, ED, QC (born 1 April 1936) is an Australian politician. He was Governor of Tasmania from 15 December 2004 to 2 April 2008. Before he was the state's Chief Justice and Lieutenant Governor.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: William Cox
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of Australia, AC Reserve Force Decoration, RFD Efficiency Decoration, ED QC
- **birth place**: Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- **spouse**: Jocelyn Cox
- **order**: 26th Governor of Tasmania
- **term start**: 15 December 2004
- **term end**: 2 April 2008
- **predecessor**: Richard Butler (diplomat), Richard Butler
- **successor**: Peter Underwood
Paul Danblon

**Paul Danblon** (25 July 1931 – 8 February 2018) was a Belgian composer, opera director, administrator, and journalist. He was one of the first people of scientific journalism on RTBF (Radio télévision belge de la communauté française). He was born in Ghent, Belgium.

In 1954, Danblon joined the RTBF current events programme, _Carnets de l'Actualité_. He went on to specialize in producing and presenting popular science programmes such as _La Bouteille à encre_, _Connaître_, and _Le point de la médecine_. He is the author of two books in the area:
- _150 ans de sciences (1830–1980) _ (Paul Legrain, Brussels, 1980)
- _L'espace_ (Lombard, Brussels, 1964)

Danblon died of pulmonary edema in Brussels, Belgium on 8 February 2018 at the age of 87.
Midori Ito

**Midori Ito** is a female figure skater from Japan. She was the world champion in 1989. She won the silver medal in the 1992 Winter Olympics. She is one of only 15 female figure skaters who have done a ratified triple Axel in competition.  Ito is credited with being the first woman to successfully complete a triple axel in competition.
Swara Bhaskar

**Swara Bhaskar Chitrapu ** () is an Indian actress who works in the Hindi film industry. She is best known for her supporting work in mainstream productions and starring roles in independent film<nowiki/>s. She has won two Screen Awards and has been nominated for Filmfare Awards three times.

Bhaskar was the daughter of naval officer Chitrapu Uday Bhaskar. She was born and raised in Delhi. After receiving her bachelor's degree in English literature from the University of Delhi, she enrolled herself at the Jawaharlal Nehru University to complete her master's in Sociology. Bhaskar made her film debut with a supporting role in the 2009 drama _Madholal Keep Walking._ The drama did not make much money. She achieved wider recognition for her supporting role of a bride-to-be in the commercially successful romantic comedy _Tanu Weds Manu_ (2011). Her performance in the film was well received by critics. She was nominated for a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress.
Gross regional domestic product

**GRDP** or **gross regional domestic product**  is usually the measure of a region's economy. The more familiar gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the economy of a country.
Algebraic fraction

An **algebraic fraction** is a fraction where the top and the bottom are algebraic expressions. Two examples of algebraic fractions are  and .

A **rational fraction** is an algebraic fraction where the top and the bottom are polynomials.  is a rational fraction, but  is not. This is because the top has a square root function.

### Division

Turn the equation into multiplication by flipping one of the fractions. After that, do what is shown above.
Great Bear Lake

**Great Bear Lake** is a lake in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It is the largest lake that is entirely inside Canada. It is the fourth largest lake in North America. It is the eighth largest lake in the world.
Andorra at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Andorra** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea. They competed in para-alpine skiing. The country first went to the Winter Paralympics in 2002.  The 2018 Winter Paralympics was Andorra’s fifth Winter Paralympics.

## Team

The International Paralympic Committee confirmed that Andorra will compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics in January 2018.

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Andorra") that participated in the 2018 Games.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Roger Puig|para-alpine skiing|male|LW9.2|||

## History

The country first went to the Winter Paralympics in 2002. The 2018 Winter Paralympics was Andorra’s fifth Winter Paralympics. Their best finish at the Winter Games was in 2010, when Paquita Ramirez Capitan was ninth in the women's Giant Slalom.
Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Bosnia and Herzegovina** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea.  Only one person was on the team.  It was 19-year-old para-alpine skier Ilma Kazazic.

## Team

Bosnia and Herzegovina was represented by only one person at the 2018 Winter Paralympics. Ilma Kazazic competes in slalom and giant slalom.  Three people will accompany Kazazic.  The total delegation is four people.  The other people are team coach Leon Svetlin, doctor Mirsad Muftić, and chef-de-mission Osman Hadžić.  The team departed for South Korea in late February.  They arrived in the village on 6 March.

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Bosnia and Herzegovina") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Ilma Kazazic|para-alpine skiing|female|LW3|slalom and giant slalom||

## History

The country has never won a medal at the Winter Paralympics. Before 2018, only three people represented Bosnia and Herzegovina at the Winter Paralympics.  They were Nijaz Memic in 2010 and Ilma Kazazic and Senad Turkovic.  All three are para-alpine skiers.

## Para-alpine skiing

Ilma Kazazic is representing Bosnia and Herzegovina.  She competes in the slalom and giant slalom races.  Her coach is Leon Svetlin.

### Schedule and results

The first event on the para-alpine program is the downhill. It starts on 10 March, running from 9:30 AM to 1:30 PM. The second event on the program is Super-G. All skiers will race between 9:30 AM and 1:00 PM on 11 March.  The super combined takes place on 13 March. The Super-G part of the event is in the morning. The slalom part is in the afternoon. The slalom event gets underway on 14 March and conclude on 15 March. Women and men both race during the same sessions in the morning. The afternoon sessions start with the women doing their second run. Then the men go.The last para-alpine skiing race of the 2018 Games is the giant slalom. It takes place on 17 - 18 March.  Men and women both race at the same time in the morning sessions.  Women race first in the afternoon sessions, with the men racing a half hour after they end.
Bulgaria at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Bulgaria** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea.  The country is sending one person, para-Nordic skier Svetoslav Georgiev. Georgiev competed at the Paralympics before.  In 2014, he finished 16th in the 1 km sprint qualification race.

## Team

Bulgaria is sending one person to compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics. The person is blind skier Svetoslav Georgiev. Chairman of the Bulgarian Paralympic Association Iliya Lalov said they do not have high expectations.  The country is good at Summer Paralympics.  They are not good at winter sports like skiing.

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Bulgaria") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Svetoslav Georgiev|para-Nordic skiing|male|B3|||

## History

Bulgaria has never won a medal at the Winter Paralympics.  The country sent two people to the 2014 Winter Paralympics, and three people to the 2010 Winter Paralympics.  The 2010 team included  Joana Ermenkova, Alexander Stoyanov and Ivan Vatov.

### Skiers

Svetoslav Georgiev competed at the Paralympics before.  In 2014, he finished 16th in the 1 km sprint qualification race.  That was two spots ahead of the other Bulgarian, Jelez Kolev, who competed in the same race.  His best international ranking has been 27th.  That was in 2014.  The most recent recent ranking was in January 2018.  He was ranked 36th.

Georgiev is a member of the National Sports Academy Ski Club.  He is coached by Ivan Birnikov.  When he was young, his father encouraged him to practice sport.  He started skiing when he was a 7-year-old.  He started competing internationally in 2011. He was Bulgaria's flag bearer at the closing ceremony of the 2014 Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi.  He has also represented Bulgaria in para-athletics.
Kazakhstan at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Kazakhstan** sent people  to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The team spent two years preparing for the Winter Paralympics.

## Team

Six people and one guide skier from Kazakhstan went to  Pyeongchang, South Korea for the 2018 Winter Paralympics.  All are competing in para-Nordic skiing.  There are six men and one woman.  Three are going to their first Paralympic Games. They are coached by Vasily Kolomyjets ().

The table below is the list of members (called "Team Kazakhstan") that played in the 2018 Games.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Zhanyl Baltabateva  ()|para-Nordic skiing|female|LW12|||
|Alexandr Gerlits  ()|para-Nordic skiing|male|LW6|||
|Kairat Kanafin  ()|para-Nordic skiing|male|B2|||
|Alexandr Kolyadin  ()|para-Nordic skiing|male|LW4|||
|Denis Petrenko ()|para-Nordic skiing|male|LW11|||
|Sergey Ussoltsev  ()|para-Nordic skiing|male|LW12|||
|Anton Zhdanovich  ()|para-Nordic skiing|male|guide skier|||

### Letters to the IPC

15 National Paralympic Committees and the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation signed a letter to support the National Paralympic Committee of Russia in August 2017.  The countries included Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Vietnam, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Laos, Moldova, Mongolia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Montenegro, and South Korea. They asked the IPC to let Russia compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics.  The letter was signed weeks before the IPC Governing Board met in Abu Dhabi.

### IPC response

In September 2017, this decision was reviewed and upheld.  The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) still had concerns about doping in Russian sport.  All the conditions the IPC required of the Russians were not met.

## Hockey

Kazakhstan did not join sledge hockey in 2018. The country is preparing for the future. They want to compete in sledge hockey in the future. Kazakhstan created a program in early 2018.  Toyota became a sponsor in October 2017.

## Para-Nordic skiing

Two years before the start of the Games, Kazakhstan wanted to win medals in South Korea. They started on two years of planning and training to do this. The team spent nearly a year training in Germany before the hosted Games.  They used snow tunnels during the summer months.  This allowed them to train in winter conditions all year. During the summer, they also trained using bicycles.  Because of sponsorship, many team members got new prostheses while in Germany.  Kolyadin said of his new prosthetic, "They created a new prosthesis. When I got it, I tried it. Now I am accustomed to using it. I think I will win by using it in the race. It takes time to learn new technology. But there is 100% control - I like it."  The team went to Russia for World Cup events.  They did more training in Russia.  They also went to a competition in Finland. The team returned to Almaty three weeks before the Games started.  This was so they could do additional training.

The national team had about fifteen people. Only seven are going to South Korea. Their average age is from about 27 years old to 40 years old.
Iceland at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Iceland** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Iceland sent one man to Pyeongchang.  He competed in para-alpine skiing.

## Team

Iceland sent one man to Pyeongchang. He competed in para-alpine skiing.

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Iceland") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Hilmar Snær Örvarsson|para-alpine skiing|male|SW2|Slalom Giant slalom||
Iran at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Iran** sent people  to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Iran had 2 people at the 2018 Winter Paralympics, 1 man and 1 woman who competed in para-alpine skiing. Elaheh Gholi Fallah was announced as the flag bearer.

## Team

Iran had 2 people at the 2018 Winter Paralympics, 1 man and 1 woman who competed in para-alpine skiing. Elaheh Gholi Fallah was announced as the flag bearer in late February. She is the first blind person to carry the flag for Iran at the Winter Paralympics.

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Iran") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Elaheh Gholi Fallah||female|VI|||
Lyndhurst, Ohio

**Lyndhurst** is a city in Ohio in the United States.
Greece at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Greece** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea.  One person is representing Greece.  It is snowboarder Konstantinos Petrakis. It is the first time a snowboarder has represented Greece at the Winter Paralympics. Greece first went to the Winter Paralympics in 2002.  The 2018 Games are the fifth time they sent a team to the Winter Paralympics.

## Team

Greece is going to have a team that includes one snowboarder, Konstantinos Petrakis.  It is the first time a snowboarder has represented Greece at the Winter Paralympics.

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Greece") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Konstantinos Petrakis|para-snowboarding|male|SB-UL|snowboard cross||

## History

Greece first went to the Winter Paralympics in 2002.  The 2018 Games are the fifth time they sent a team to the Winter Paralympics.

### Snowboarders

Konstantinos Petrakis is from Veria. Petrakis is only racing in the snowboard cross.  He has won five medals in his career in the event.

### Schedule and results

The snowboard cross event starts on 12 March.  It goes from 10:30 AM to 5:00 PM for all classes for both men and women.
Georgia at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Georgia** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The team has two people who are competing in para-Nordic skiing.  One is a man and one is a woman.

## Team

Georgia leaves to go to  Pyeongchang on March 6.  Georgia, North Korea and Tajikstan are the three countries making their first appearance Winter Paralympics.

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Georgia") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Temuri Dadiani|para-Nordic skiing|male||||
|Nino Sabashvili|para-Nordic skiing|female|LW12|||

### Skiers

Temuri Dadiani competes in three sports: cycling, wheelchair fencing and para-Nordic skiing. He competed in cycling at the 2017 Invictus Games. He has a Guinness World Record.  It is for doing 44 push-ups in one minute. Dadiani was in the military.  While an officer in Afghanistan in August 2011, he was hit by a landmine.  Doctors amputated both his legs.

Nino Sabashvili had a goal of winning a Paralympic medal.  Her first sport is para-armwrestling.  The sport is not on the program for the Summer or Winter Paralympic Games.  She started para-Nordic skiing so she could compete in a sport that is on the program.  She is very good at para-armwrestling. At the 2016 World Para Armwrestling Championships in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria, she won two silver medals.
Denmark at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Denmark** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea. There will be at least one person competing in para-snowboarding.

## Team

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Denmark") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Daniel Wagner|para-snowboarding|male||||

## Background

In autumn of 2017, responsibility for sending a team to the Paralympics was changed from Parasport Denmark, the National Paralympic Committee of Denmark, to  National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark (DIF).  The decision was made because people wanted to make Olympic and Paralympic sport more equal. Niels Christiansen, secretary general of Parasport Denmark, said, "We are very happy with the move, and we look forward to working together with DIF. The Paralympics and the development and preparation of world class Para-athletes is still very much a focal point of our work in Parasport Denmark, but allowing DIF to take the reigns sends an important message and hopefully it will lead to even more Paralympic success for Denmark." Despite this change, Parasport Denmark was still in charge of preparing to send a team to the Winter Paralympic Games.

## History

Denmark first went to the Winter Paralympics in 1980 in Geilo.  Before South Korea, they had won a total of two gold medals, one silver medal and three bronze medals at the Winter Games. Both of their gold medals and all of their bronze medals were won by para-Nordic blind skier Anne-Mette Bredahl. Her gold medals were in the  biathlon 7.5 kilometres free technique B 1-3 race. The last time the country won a medal at the 1994 Winter Paralympics. Denmark sends few people to the Winter Paralympics.  They sent six people to the 2006 Winter Paralympics, and two people to the 2010 and 2014 Games.

### Snowboarders

Daniel Wagner is a two sport competitor.  He was part of the Denmark team at the 2016 Summer Paralympics, where he won a gold medal.  Wagner was the world champion in the long jump.

### Schedule and results

The snowboard cross event starts on 12 March.  It starts at 10:30 AM and goes to 5:00 PM for all classes for both men and women. The slalom race is scheduled to take place on 16 March.  It goes from 10:30 AM – 4:55 PM.  Men and women in all classes are racing at that time.

## Infobox (country at games)

- **npc**: DEN
- **npcname**: Paralympic Committee Denmark
- **games**: Winter Paralympics
- **year**: 2018
- **website**: http://www.paralympic.dk
- **location**: Pyeongchang
- **competitors**: 1
- **sports**: 1
- **flagbearer**: Daniel Wagner (parathlete), Daniel Wagner
- **gold**: 0
- **silver**: 0
- **bronze**: 0
- **appearances**: auto
Croatia at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Croatia** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea. One person representing Croatia is para-alpine skier Dino Sokolovič.  He stopped skiing in 2016 for 20 months because of an injury.

## Team

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Croatia") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Dino Sokolovič|para-alpine skiing|male||||

### Skiers

Dino Sokolovič is a standing skier.  He was injured in 2016.  Because of the injury, he did not ski for 20 months.

### Before the Games

Dino Sokolovič  went to Slovenia in January 2018.  He competed in the World Cup in Kranjska Gora.  After 20 months away from skiing because of an injury, he won his first race at Kranjska Gora.

### Schedule and results

The first event on the para-alpine program is the downhill. It starts on 10 March, running from 9:30 AM to 1:30 PM. The second event on the program is Super-G. All skiers will race between 9:30 AM and 1:00 PM on 11 March.  The super combined takes place on 13 March. The Super-G part of the event is in the morning. The slalom part is in the afternoon. The slalom event gets underway on 14 March and conclude on 15 March. Women and men both race during the same sessions in the morning. The afternoon sessions start with the women doing their second run. Then the men go.The last para-alpine skiing race of the 2018 Games is the giant slalom. It takes place on 17 - 18 March.  Men and women both race at the same time in the morning sessions.  Women race first in the afternoon sessions, with the men racing a half hour after they end.
China at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**China** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea. China had never won a medal at the Winter Paralympics prior to the start of the 2018 Winter Games.  They have a team competing in wheelchair curling.

## History

China had never won a medal at the Winter Paralympics prior to the start of the 2018 Winter Games. The best finish they had was fourth at the 2014 Winter Paralympics.  Their wheelchair curling team finished fourth.  China's best individual finish was also in 2014. Peng Yuanyuan finished fifth in the  women's cross-country skiing 5 km classic style standing.

## Russian doping scandal

15 National Paralympic Committees and the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation signed a letter expressing support for the National Paralympic Committee of Russia in August 2017.  The countries included Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Vietnam, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Laos, Moldova, Mongolia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Montenegro, and South Korea.  They asked the IPC Governing Board to consider letting Russia compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics.  The letter was signed weeks before the IPC Governing Board met in Abu Dhabi. In September 2017, this decision was reviewed and upheld.  The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) still had concerns about doping in Russian sport.  All the conditions the IPC required of the Russians were not met.

## Wheelchair curling

The team starts playing on 10 March when they go against Sweden.
Uzbekistan at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Uzbekistan** sent people  to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Only one skier from Uzbekistan was selected to go.  Yokutkhon Kholbekova () is going to compete in para-Nordic skiing. Saodat Numanova was selected to referee para-alpine skiing events. 2018 is the second time for Uzbekistan going to the Winter Paralympics.

## Team

Skiers from Uzbekistan were invited to the 2018 Winter Paralympics. Yokutkhon Kholbekova () was the only skier selected.  She competed in para-Nordic skiing. Saodat Numanova was selected to referee para-alpine skiing events.

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Uzbekistan") in the 2018 games.

|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Yokutkhon Kholbekova ()|para-Nordic skiing|female||||

## History

Uzbekistan first went to the Winter Paralympic Games in 2014. They sent 2 sportspeople. Ramil Gayazov was the only one who competed. They did not win any medals.

### Skiers

Yokutkhon Kholbekova went to a World Cup event in January 2018.  She also competes in para-athletics events, participating in national championships in Uzbekistan.

### Schedule

On 12 March, the 15 km race takes place. Standing and vision impaired women race started at 10:00 PM.  The sprint classic qualification took place on 14 March from 10:00 AM – 11:25 AM for both men and women in all classes. It was followed in the afternoon by the semifinals and finals.  The classic race took place on 17 March. The standing and visually impaired women's race took place from 10:00 AM - 12:30.
Serbia at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Serbia** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea.  One person on the team is para-Nordic skier Milos Zaric. In addition to para-Nordic skier, Zaric is also a para-athlete.  He is the world champion in the men's F55 javelin.

## Team

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Serbia") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Milos Zaric|para-Nordic skiing|male||||

## Russian doping scandal

15 National Paralympic Committees and the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation signed a letter expressing support for the National Paralympic Committee of Russia in August 2017.  The countries included Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Vietnam, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Laos, Moldova, Mongolia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Montenegro, and South Korea.  They asked the IPC Governing Board to consider letting Russia compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics.  The letter was signed weeks before the IPC Governing Board met in Abu Dhabi. In September 2017, this decision was reviewed and upheld.  The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) still had concerns about doping in Russian sport.  All the conditions the IPC required of the Russians were not met.

## History

Serbia first competed at the Winter Paralympics in 2010, and had yet to win a medal going into the 2018 edition of the Games.  Serbia was represented by Jugoslav Milosevic in 2014.  He competed in para-alpine skiing.  The upper limb amputee competed in the slalom and giant slalom standing events.

### Skiers

Milos Zaric competes in two sports: para-athletics and para-Nordic skiing.  In 2017, he won a gold medal at the 2017 IPC Athletics World Championships in the men's F55 javelin. A few months later, he competed in para-Nordic skiing at the World Cup in Oberried, Germany.  The World Cup was the first time he was part of Team Serbia at an international sporting competition.

### Schedule and results

On 12 March, the 15 km race takes place, with standing and vision impaired women starting at 10:00 PM.  Thee sprint classic qualification takes place on 14 March from 10:00 AM – 11:25 AM for both men and women in all classes. It is followed in the afternoon by the semifinals and finals.  The classic race takes place on 17 March. The standing and visually impaired women's race takes place from 10:00 AM - 12:30.
Poland at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Poland** sent people to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea.  People will compete in cross-country skiing, para-alpine skiing, biathlon and para-snowboarding. Team members include Katarzyna Rogowiec and Igor Sikorski.

## Team

In January 2018, Poland thought their team for the 2018 Games would include ten sportspeople in four sports: cross-country skiing, para-alpine skiing, biathlon and para-snowboarding. The complete list of all members of Team Poland was shared in February 2018.

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Poland") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Katarzyna Rogowiec|para-Nordic skiing|female||||
|Igor Sikorski|para-alpine skiing|male||||
It can be difficult for people with disabilities to participate in winter sports. Katarzyna Rogowiec said the reason is because people are more dependent on others.  They need help to put on jackets.  They may need help to get into a special chair. It can be difficult to stay warm when you do not have hands.  Winter sports are also very expensive.  The cost makes it difficult for many people to participate.

## Goals

Poland did not win any medals at the 2014 Winter Paralympics.   Poland won a bronze medal at the 2010 Winter Paralympics. Polish Paralympic Committee President Łukasz Szeliga said the goal of Poland is to have better finishes than 2010 and 2014.  They would like to win at least one medal.

### Skiers

The team includes Igor Sikorski. Sikorski is from Krakow.

### Before the Games

In January 2018, Igor Sikorski went to the World Cup in Zagreb, Croatia. He skied really well at the competition.

### Schedule and results

The first event on the para-alpine program is the downhill. It starts on 10 March. People ski from 9:30 AM to 1:30 PM. The second event on the program is Super-G. All skiers will race between 9:30 AM and 1:00 PM on 11 March.  The super combined takes place on 13 March. The Super-G part of the event is in the morning. The slalom part is in the afternoon. The slalom event gets underway on 14 March and conclude on 15 March. Women and men both race during the same sessions in the morning. The afternoon sessions start with the women doing their second run. Then the men go.The last para-alpine skiing race of the 2018 Games is the giant slalom. It takes place on 17 - 18 March.  Men and women both race at the same time in the morning sessions.  Women race first in the afternoon sessions, with the men racing a half hour after they end.
New Zealand at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**New Zealand** sent people  to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea.  The team is competing in para-alpine skiing and para-snowboarding.

## Team

New Zealand said they will have 3 sportspeople at the 2018 Games.  Two will compete in para-alpine skiing and one will compete in para-snowboarding. New Zealand, Sweden and the United States were the first countries to name people to their teams after sportspeople won spots by November 2017.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Adam Hall|para-alpine skiing|male|LW1|||
|Carl Murphy|para-snowboarding|male|SB LL2|||
|Corey Peters|para-alpine skiing|male|LW12.1|||

### Schedule and training

Skiers had training runs for the downhill race on 7 March.  Their practice runs in the downhill on 8 and 9 March were cancelled.

The first event on the para-alpine program was the downhill. It started on 10 March, running from 9:30 AM to 1:30 PM. The second event on the program is Super-G. All skiers raced between 9:30 AM and 1:00 PM on 11 March.  The super combined takes place on 13 March. The Super-G part of the event is in the morning. The slalom part is in the afternoon. The slalom event gets underway on 14 March and conclude on 15 March. Women and men both race during the same sessions in the morning. The afternoon sessions start with the women doing their second run. Then the men go.The last para-alpine skiing race of the 2018 Games is the giant slalom. It takes place on 17 - 18 March.  Men and women both race at the same time in the morning sessions.  Women race first in the afternoon sessions, with the men racing a half hour after they end.

### Results

In the men's downhill sitting race, Andrew Kurka of the United States won gold, Taiki Morri of Japan won silver and Corey Peters of New Zealand won bronze.

### Schedule and results

The snowboard cross event starts on 12 March, running from 10:30 AM to 5:00 PM for all classes for both men and women. The slalom race is scheduled to take place on 16 March, going from 10:30 AM – 4:55 PM for men and women in all classes.
Mongolia at the 2018 Winter Paralympics

**Mongolia** sent people  to compete at the **2018 Winter Paralympics** in Pyeongchang, South Korea.  Ganbold Batmunkh () will compete in para-Nordic skiing. He qualified by competing at the Para Nordic Skiing World Cup.

## Team

In November 2017, Ganbold Batmunkh () was invited to go to the 2018 Winter Paralympics.

The table below contains the list of members of people (called "Team Mongolia") that will be participating in the 2018 Games.
|Name|Sport|Gender|Classification|Events|ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Ganbold Batmunkh ()|para-Nordic skiing|male|standing|cross country skiing||

## Russian doping scandal

15 National Paralympic Committees and the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation signed a letter expressing support for the National Paralympic Committee of Russia in August 2017.  The countries included Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Vietnam, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Laos, Moldova, Mongolia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Montenegro, and South Korea.  They asked the IPC Governing Board to consider letting Russia compete at the 2018 Winter Paralympics.  The letter was signed weeks before the IPC Governing Board met in Abu Dhabi. In September 2017, this decision was reviewed and upheld.  The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) still had concerns about doping in Russian sport.  All the conditions the IPC required of the Russians were not met.

## Para-Nordic skiing

Batmunkh competed at the 2014 Winter Paralympics.  His best finish was fourteenth.  This was in the 20km Classic Style - Standing race.  He had a time of 1:11:08.3.  His best finish at the World Championships was in 2017.  He finished ninth in the 20km - Standing.  He had a result of 1:02:15.4.   In September 2017, Batmunkh went to a World Cup in Germany.  He already had 130 World Cup points. Fifth of those points were in the 2017/2018 season.  These points made it possible for him to go to the Paralympics.  Batmunkh is coached by  J. Dondo  () .