juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
OpenTTD

OpenTTD is an open source business simulation game, based upon the popular Microprose game "Transport Tycoon Deluxe", written by Chris Sawyer. which players try to earn money by transporting passengers, minerals and goods via road, rail, water and air.

Starting from 1st April 2021, it is available on Steam, a video game store and digital distribution platform.

Many features were inspired by TTDPatch while others are original.

## History

The first Transport Tycoon game was released in 1994. It was developed by Chris Sawyer and released by MicroProse. It was very popular at that time. After the release of Transport Tycoon Deluxe (TTD) in 1995, the game was greatly improved.

### TTDPatch

Around 1996 to 1997, Josef Drexler started a project called TTDPatch. It was able to support NewGRF (package) files, two company colours, and trams. It fixes some problems with the game and also adds a lot of new features to it. The TTDPatch project has lasted for many years and has changed the game obviously.

### Creation of OpenTTD

TTDPatch's way of changing the game, making people hard to add new features to the game. In 2003, Ludde contacted Owen Rudge, owner of TT-Forums, and explained he was going to reverse engineer the game and switch the game to C (programming language). A year later, Ludde presented Owen Rudge with the result. Response was positive, and other developers joined Ludde in the project.

## Other websites

OpenTTD official website

## Infobox (software)

- **title**: OpenTTD
- **developer**: OpenTTD Team
- **released**: 0.1 /
- **discontinued**: No
- **latest release version**: 14.1 (Stable release)
- **programming language**: C (programming language), C
- **genre**: Video game
- **website**: https://www.openttd.org/
Hide-and-seek

**Hide-and-seek** (sometimes known as **hide-and-go-seek**) is a children's game where some players hide, and one or more players try to find them. One person is chosen to be "it" and covers their eyes while counting to a set number. While "it" counts, everyone else finds a place to hide. When "it" finishes counting, they shout "Ready or not, here I come!" or "Coming, ready or not!" and starts looking for the hidden players. Once someone hiding is found, they are out of that round. The last person found is the winner, and the first person found usually becomes "it" for the next round.

In another version of the game, the seeker stays at a spot called "home base" and counts there. After hiding, players try to run back to home base without being tagged. If a hider reaches home base safely, they cannot be caught and are safe for that round.

## Infobox (game)

- **italic title**: no
- **name**: Hide-and-seek
- **image**: Meyerheim Versteckspiel.jpg
- **image caption**: A 19th-century painting of three children playing hide-and-seek in a forest (Friedrich Eduard Meyerheim)
- **players**: 2+
- **setup time**: 90 seconds
- **playing time**: No limit
- **random chance**: Very low
- **skills**: Running, tracking, hiding, observation, ability to stay silent, patience
Yue Prefecture (Zhejiang)

**Yuezhou** or **Yue Prefecture** was a _zhou_ (prefecture) in imperial China in modern Zhejiang, China. It existed (intermittently) from 605 until 1131. In 1131, became Shaoxing Prefecture.

## Counties

Yue Prefecture had these counties (縣) in its history:
|#|Sui dynasty|Tang dynasty|Wuyue|Song dynasty|Modern location|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Kuaiji (會稽)|Yuecheng District & Keqiao District, Shaoxing||||
|2|Shanyin (山陰)|||||
|3|Shangyu (上虞)|Shangyu District, Shaoxing||||
|4|Zhuji (諸暨)||Zhuji|Zhuji||
|5|Shan (剡)|Shan (贍)||Shengzhou||
|6|Xinchang (新昌)|Xinchang County||||
|7|Yuyao (餘姚)|Yuyao||||
|8|Xiaoshan (蕭山)|Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou||||

## Infobox (chinese/chinese)

- **child**: yes
- **hide**: no
- **header**: none
- **p**: Yuè Zhōu


## Infobox (historic subdivision)

- **name**: Yue Zhou (country subdivision), Prefecture
- **map**:
- **preceded by**: Kuaiji Commandery
- **end**: 1131 (Song dynasty)
- **replace**: Shaoxing Prefecture
- **populationfirst**: 529,589
- **populationfirstyear**: 740s or 750s
- **populationsecond**: 367,390
- **populationsecondyear**: 1100s
- **membership title1**: Circuit (administrative division), Circuit
- **membership title2**: Kingdom
- **membership2**: Wuyue (907–978)
- **membership title3**: Circuit
Eupsophus altor

**Oncol's ground frog** (_Eupsophus altor_) is a frog. It lives in Chile.

## Home

This frog lives in rainforests. People find this frog under dead trees and near small plants at night. Scientists saw this frog between 42 and 650 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw the frog in some protected places in Forestal Arauco.

## Young

The female frog lays eggs from May to September. The tadpoles swim in water nests on the ground, under logs, or in water-filled holes in trees. Scientists saw the frog as late in the year as October.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in danger of dying out.  People change the places where the frog lives. In some places, people make farms to grow crops, pine trees, and eucalyptus trees and raise sheep and mink. In other places, people build houses and things for visitors.
Sodalite

**Sodalite** is a feldspar-like zeolite mineral. It was the first discovered member of the sodalite mineral group, which also includes lazurite. Sodalite is used as a gemstone for its dark blue colour.

## Structure

Like other zeolites, sodalite has a cage-like crystal structure. Sodalite's "cages" contain mostly sodium and chlorine.
1990 oil price shock

The **1990 oil price shock** happened after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990, Saddam Hussein's second invasion of an OPEC member. Lasting nine months, the price spike was shorter than the 1973 and 1979 oil crisis. Still, it caused the early 1990s recession in the United States. The average oil price rose from $17 per barrel in July to $36 per barrel in October. The crisis ended after the American-led forces pushed the Iraqis out of Kuwait.

## Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

On August 2, 1990, Ba'athist Iraq invaded Kuwait, followed by a seven-month occupation of Kuwait and an eventual U.S.-led attack that expelled the Iraqis. When the invasion happened, Iraq owed Kuwait $14 billion of debt that Kuwait had loaned it during the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988). Iraq also saw Kuwait as overproducing oil, lowering prices and hurting Iraqi oil profits when it was struggling financially.

Right before the invasion, Iraq and Kuwait had been producing a combined  of oil a day. The potential loss of these supplies, coupled with threats to Saudi Arabia's oil, led to a rise in prices from $21 per barrel at the end of July to $28 per barrel on August 6. Oil prices rose to a peak of $46 per barrel in mid-October.

## End

The defeat of Iraqi forces offset the threat to oil supplies. The price spike went away within nine months, though the Kuwaiti oil fires set on fire by retreating Iraqi forces were not extinguished until November 1991. It took years for the two countries' combined production to regain its former level.
Thomas Noguchi

is a Japanese-American medical examiner and coroner. He was the chief medical examiner-coroner for Los Angeles County from 1967 to 1982. He is known as the "coroner to the stars".

Noguchi was born in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan and raised in Yokosuka. Hegraduated from Tokyo's Nippon Medical School in 1951 before interning at The University of Tokyo School of Medicine Hospital. Then, he emigrated to the United States in Los Angeles. He studied at Loma Linda University School of Medicine, and Barlow Sanatorium in Los Angeles.

Noguchi helped find the cause of death in many celebrity cases in Hollywood during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. He performed autopsies on many celebrities, including John Belushi, Albert Dekker, William Holden, David Janssen, Janis Joplin, Robert F. Kennedy, Harris Glen Milstead, Marilyn Monroe, Gia Scala, Inger Stevens, Sharon Tate, and Natalie Wood.

Noguchi was demoted in 1982 because of the media attention he was getting for his handling of Natalie Wood's autopsy.

Afterwards, he became a professor at the University of Southern California and at the University of California at Los Angeles.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Thomas Noguchi at the American Academy of Forensic Sciences Las Vegas conference 2016 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Noguchi in 2016
- **name**: Thomas Noguchi

- **birth name**: Thomas Tsunetomi Noguchi
- **birth place**: Fukuoka Prefecture, Empire of Japan
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Coroner, medical examiner
- **residence**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Nippon Medical School
- **title**: Los Angeles County Coroner, Chief Medical Examiner-Coroner for the County of Los Angeles
- **term start**: 1967
- **term end**: 1982
- **predecessor**: Theodore Curphey
- **successor**: Ronald Kornblum
Kim Min-seok (politician)

**Kim Min-seok** (, born 29 May 1964) is a South Korean activist, educator and politician who is the Prime Minister of South Korea since 2025. He has been a member of the National Assembly for the Yeongdeungpo 2nd constituency since 2020, having served before from 1996 to 2002.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Kim Min-seok's Portrait (2025.3).png
- **caption**: Kim in 2025
- **name**: Kim Min-seok
- **native name lang**: ko
- **birth place**: Yeongdeungpo District, Yeongdeungpo, Seoul, South Korea
- **order1**: 49th
- **office1**: Prime Minister of South Korea
- **president1**: Lee Jae-myung
- **term start1**: 7 July 2025
- **predecessor1**: Han Duck-soo
Lee Ju-ho (acting)
- **office2**: President of the Minjoo Party (2014), Democratic Party
- **term start2**: 30 January 2016
- **term end2**: 31 October 2016
<small>Serving with Park Joon-young until 14 March 2016</small>
- **predecessor2**: Kang Shin-sung
- **successor2**: _Position abolished_
- **office3**: Member of the National Assembly (South Korea), National Assembly for Yeongdeungpo District, Yeongdeungpo 2nd
- **term start3**: 30 May 2020
- **predecessor3**: Sin Kyŏng-min
- **term start4**: 30 May 1996
- **term end4**: 27 May 2002
- **predecessor4**: Rha Woong-bae
- **successor4**: Kwon Yeong-se
- **party**: Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015), Democratic <small>(since 2016)</small>
- **otherparty**: Democratic Party (South Korea, 1990), Little Democrats <small>(1990–1991)</small>
Democratic Party (South Korea, 1991), Democratic <small>(1991–1995)</small>
National Congress for New Politics, NCNP <small>(1995–2000)</small>
Millennium Democratic Party, MDP <small>(2000–2002; 2003–2005)</small>
Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000), Democratic <small>(2005–2007)</small>
United New Democratic Party, UNDP <small>(2007–2008)</small>
Democratic Party (South Korea, 2008), UDP <small>(2008)</small>
Democratic Party (South Korea, 2008), Democratic <small>(2008–2010)</small>
Minjoo Party (2014), Democratic (K) <small>(2014–2016)</small>
- **alma mater**: Seoul National University
Columbia University
Harvard University
Tsinghua University
Rutgers University, Rutgers University–New Brunswick
- **occupation**: Activist, politician
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 2
Baligród massacre

The **Baligród massacre** was committed on August 6, 1944 in Baligród, Lesko County by Ukrainian nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.

## Events

The perpetrators entered the village of Baligród to kill 42 Poles. They surrounded Poles, who were in a local church, and killed some of them when they left the church. They reportedly did this in revenge for the murder of 16 Ukrainians in Stężnica by some Baligród villagers and Soviet partisans on August 4, 1944.

## Related pages

- Stepan Bandera
- Volhynia massacre
Jonathan Joss

**Jonathan Joss** (December 22, 1965 – June 1, 2025) was an American actor and musician of Native American ancestry. He was best known for his roles as John Redcorn in _King of the Hill_ and as Chief Ken Hotate in _Parks and Recreation_.

Joss was Comanche and White Mountain Apache.

Joss, who was openly gay, married Tristan Kern de Gonzales on Valentine's Day in 2025.

Joss was shot and killed on June 1, 2025 by a neighbor outside his home in San Antonio, Texas. The two were arguing before his neighbor shot and killed him in front of Joss's husband. Joss was 49 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Jonathan Joss 2017 (cropped 3x4).jpg
- **caption**: Joss in 2017
- **birth name**: Jonathan Joss
- **birth place**: San Antonio, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: San Antonio, Texas, U.S.
- **death cause**: Murder (gunshot wounds)
- **years active**: 1993–2025
2018–19 NBA season

The **2018–19 NBA season** was the 73rd season of NBA. It was began on 16 October 2018 and ended on 10 April 2019. The playoffs began on 13 April 2019 and ended on 13 June 2019 when Toronto Raptors beat Golden State Warriors in the 2019 NBA Finals.

## Infobox (sports season)

- **title**: 2018–19 NBA season
- **league**: National Basketball Association
- **sport**: Basketball
- **duration**: October 16, 2018 – April 10, 2019
April 13 – May 25, 2019 (Playoffs)
May 30 – June 13, 2019 (Finals)
- **no of games**: 82
- **no of teams**: 30
- **tv**: NBA on ABC, ABC, NBA on TNT, TNT, NBA on ESPN, ESPN, NBA TV
- **draft**: Draft
- **draft link**: 2018 NBA draft
- **top pick**: Deandre Ayton
- **picked by**: 2018–19 Phoenix Suns season, Phoenix Suns
- **season**: Regular season
- **top seed**: 2018–19 Milwaukee Bucks season, Milwaukee Bucks
- **mvp**: Giannis Antetokounmpo (2018–19 Milwaukee Bucks season, Milwaukee)
- **top scorer**: James Harden (2018–19 Houston Rockets season, Houston)
- **playoffs**: Playoffs
- **playoffs link**: 2019 NBA playoffs
- **conf1**: Eastern
- **conf1 link**: Eastern Conference (NBA)
- **conf1 champ**: 2018–19 Toronto Raptors season, Toronto Raptors
- **conf1 runner-up**: 2018–19 Milwaukee Bucks season, Milwaukee Bucks
- **conf2**: Western
- **conf2 link**: Western Conference (NBA)
- **conf2 champ**: 2018–19 Golden State Warriors season, Golden State Warriors
- **conf2 runner-up**: 2018–19 Portland Trail Blazers season, Portland Trail Blazers
- **finals**: Finals
- **finals link**: 2019 NBA Finals
- **finals champ**: 2018–19 Toronto Raptors season, Toronto Raptors
- **finals runner-up**: 2018–19 Golden State Warriors season, Golden State Warriors
- **finals mvp**: Kawhi Leonard (2018–19 Toronto Raptors season, Toronto)
- **finals mvp link**: Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award
- **seasonslist**: List of NBA seasons
- **seasonslistnames**: NBA
- **prevseason link**: 2017–18 NBA season
- **prevseason year**: 2017–18
- **nextseason link**: 2019–20 NBA season
- **nextseason year**: 2019–20
Kwon Yeong-guk

**Kwon Yeong-guk** (; born 15 August 1963) is a South Korean politician and lawyer. He was the unsuccessful nominee of the Democratic Labor Party in the 2025 presidential election. He has been  Leader of the Democratic Labor Party since 2024.

## Infobox (korean name/auto)

- **child**: yes
- **hangul**: %권영국


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kwon Yeong-guk
- **native name lang**: ko
- **image**: File:Kwon Yeong-guk.png
- **alt**: Kwon in 2020
- **caption**: Kwon in 2020
- **office**: Leader of the Justice Party (South Korea), Democratic Labor Party
- **term start**: 28 May 2024
- **predecessor**: Kim Jun-woo
Kim Chan-hwi
- **birth place**: Gangwon Province, South Korea, Gangwon, South Korea
- **party**: Justice Party (South Korea), Democratic Labor
Realme

**Realme Chongqing Mobile Telecommunications Co., Ltd.** (better known as **Realme**) is a multinational Chinese consumer electronics manufacturer from Shenzhen, Guangdong. It was founded on 4 May 2018. It is sub-brand of Oppo.

## History

On 8 March 2023, Realme launched smartphone with the Dynamic Island that looks like a newer iPhone models.

On January 2025, Realme became the partner of BGIS 2025 and BMPS 2025.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Realme Chongqing Mobile Telecommunications Co., Ltd.
- **logo**: Realme logo SVG.svg
- **logo size**: 250px
- **trading name**: realme
- **native name**: RealMe重庆移动通信有限公司
- **native name lang**: zh
- **industry**: Consumer electronics
- **founder**: Sky Li
- **location city**: Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- **products**: Smartphones
Tablet computers
Earphones
Powerbanks
Phone cases
Bags
Smart TVs
Smart Watch
Laptop
- **parent**: Oppo
- **divisions**: Realme Techlife

Realme Dizo
Aluminosilicate

**Aluminosilicates** are a type of mineral containing silicon and aluminium oxides. They are made when an aluminium atom replaces a silicon atom in silica or a silicate mineral.

Aluminosilicates are some of the most common and most important minerals. Oxygen, silicon, and aluminium are the three most common elements in Earth's crust. A majority of the crust is made up of feldspars, a type of aluminosilicate. Emerald is the most famous aluminosilicate gemstone; others include topaz, garnet, and jadeite. Many types of clay are rich in aluminosilicates, such as the kaolinite used to make porcelain.
Ruby Gloom

***Ruby Gloom***  is a Canadian animated television series. It is based on the Mighty Fine apparel line of the same name, created by illustrator Martin Hsu. It was produced by Nelvana and aired on YTV in Canada. It aired from October 15, 2006, to June 1, 2008. Two seasons and 40 episodes were produced. It focuses on the daily life of a kindhearted rag doll-like girl named Ruby Gloom, who lives in a large Victorian mansion in the town of Gloomsville.
José Luís Carneiro

**José Luís Pereira Carneiro** (born 4 October 1971) is a Portuguese politician who has been the Secretary-General of the Socialist Party since 2025. He is a member the Socialist Party. He was Minister of Internal Administration from 2022 to 2024. In 2022, he became member of the Assembly of the Republic.

After António Costa resigned as the Prime Minister of Portugal in 2023, Carneiro was a candidate for the leadership of the Socialist Party. He lost the leadership election to Pedro Nuno Santos.

Carneiro was seen as a possible candidate for President of Portugal in the 2026 election, but he declined to run.

After Santos resigned as Socialist Party leader, Carneiro announced his second leadership candidacy in May 2025. Being the only leadership candidate, he won the election unopposed with 95% of the vote in June 2025.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: José Luís Carneiro
- **image**: File:José Luis Carneiro (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Carneiro in 2023
- **office**: Secretary-General of the Socialist Party (Portugal), Secretary-General of the Socialist Party
- **president**: Carlos César
- **term start**: 28 June 2025
- **predecessor**: Pedro Nuno Santos
- **office2**: Ministry of Internal Administration (Portugal), Minister of Internal Administration
- **primeminister2**: António Costa
- **term start2**: 30 March 2022
- **term end2**: 2 April 2024
- **predecessor2**: Francisca Van Dunem
- **successor2**: Margarida Blasco
- **office3**: Deputy Secretary-General of the Socialist Party (Portugal), Deputy Secretary-General of the Socialist Party
- **1namedata3**: António Costa
- **term start3**: 17 October 2019
- **term end3**: 30 March 2022
- **predecessor3**: Ana Catarina Mendes
- **successor3**: João Torres
- **office4**: Secretary of State for the Portuguese Communities
- **primeminister4**: António Costa
- **term start4**: 26 November 2015
- **term end4**: 26 October 2019
- **predecessor4**: José Cesário
- **successor4**: Berta Nunes
- **office5**: Mayor of Baião, Portugal, Baião
- **term start5**: 2 November 2005
- **term end5**: 25 August 2015
- **predecessor5**: Emília dos Anjos Pereira da Silva
- **successor5**: Paulo Pereira
- **office6**: Member of the Assembly of the Republic (Portugal), Member of the Assembly of the Republic
- **term start6**: 29 March 2022
- **constituency6**: Braga (Assembly of the Republic constituency), Braga
- **term start7**: 25 October 2019
- **term end7**: 28 March 2022
- **constituency7**: Porto (Assembly of the Republic constituency), Porto
- **term start8**: 23 October 2015
- **term end8**: 26 November 2015
- **constituency8**: Porto
- **term start9**: 10 March 2005
- **term end9**: 2 November 2005
- **constituency9**: Porto
- **birth name**: José Luís Pereira Carneiro
- **birth place**: Baião, Portugal, Baião, Porto District, Porto, Portugal
- **party**: Socialist Party (Portugal), Socialist Party
- **alma mater**: University of Lisbon
Chega (political party)

**Chega** (; officially known as **CHEGA!**; ) is a national conservative and right-wing populist political party in Portugal. It was formed in 2019 by André Ventura. It is on the far-right of the political spectrum.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Chega!
- **logo size**: 150
- **logo**: Logo Chega!.svg
- **president**: André Ventura
- **leader2 title**: Vice Presidents
- **founder**: André Ventura
- **founded**: 9 April 2019
- **colours**: Dark blue
- **headquarters**: Lisbon
- **position**: Far-right politics, Far-right
- **slogan**: "God, country, family and work"
- **european**: Patriots.eu
- **europarl**: Patriots for Europe
(since 2024)
- **seats1 title**: Assembly of the Republic (Portugal), Assembly of the Republic
- **seats2 title**: European Parliament
- **seats3 title**: Autonomous regions of Portugal, Regional parliaments
- **seats4 title**: List of municipalities of Portugal, Local government
(Mayors)
- **seats5 title**: Freguesia, Local government
(Parishes)
- **merger**: Citizenship and Christian Democracy (2020)
- **split**: Social Democratic Party (Portugal), Social Democratic Party
- **country**: Portugal
- **youth wing**: Chega Youth, Juventude Chega
- **membership**: 40,000
- **membership year**: 2021
André Ventura

**André Claro Amaral Ventura** (; born 15 January 1983) is a Portuguese far-right politician, former sports pundit and trainee priest. He is the founder of the right-wing populist political party Chega. He has been the Leader of the Opposition since 2025. Ventura is a candidate for President of Portugal in the 2026 presidential election.

## Other websites

- André Ventura's Curriculum Vitae
- Meet André Ventura – President of Chega

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: André Ventura
- **image**: André Ventura VIVA 24.jpg
- **caption**: Ventura in 2024
- **office**: Leader of the Opposition (Portugal), Leader of the Opposition
- **term start**: 3 June 2025
- **primeminister**: Luís Montenegro
- **predecessor**: Carlos César (acting)
- **office1**: President of Chega (political party), Chega
- **term start1**: 9 April 2019
- **predecessor1**: _Party established_
- **term start2**: 25 October 2019
- **constituency2**: Lisbon (Assembly of the Republic constituency), Lisbon
- **office3**: Portuguese Council of State, Member of the Council of State
- **term start3**: 19 June 2024
- **office4**: Member of the Moura, Portugal, Moura Assembleia Municipal, Municipal Assembly
- **term start4**: 26 September 2021
- **office5**: Member of the Loures City Council
- **term start5**: 23 October 2017
- **term end5**: 26 October 2018
- **birth place**: Algueirão, Sintra, Portugal
- **party**: Chega (political party), Chega (since 2019)
- **alma mater**: NOVA University Lisbon
University College Cork
- **otherparty**: Social Democratic Party (Portugal), Social Democratic Party (2001–2018)
- **occupation**: Politician, football pundit, trainee priest
- **appointer3**: Assembly of the Republic (Portugal), Assembly of the Republic
Lesser capybara

The **lesser capybara**, is a species of rodent in the genus Hydrochoerus. It is similar to the appearance of the capybara, but is smaller. They weigh about 100 pounds and they are the 3rd heaviest extant rodent. They live in a little bit of Southern Panama and Northern South America.
Budy Ossowskie massacre

**Budy Ossowskie massacre** was the mass murder of ethnic Poles committed on August 29–30, 1943 by a death squad of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army during the Volhynia massacre. About 290 people were killed, including women and children. The Budy Ossowskie village no longer exists. It was burned to the ground by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. The remnants of the village were cleared in Soviet Ukraine for grazing cattle. Some 7,300 ethnic Poles were killed in the Kowel County.
Eucrocopoda

Eucrocopoda is a superorder of reptiles. It contains Archasauria(crocodiles & birds) and multiple extinct groups. They are diapsids and are closely related to turtles and tortoises. They live near the water and are normally carnivores. They all have similar skulls and most of their species are extinct.
65th parallel south

The **65th parallel south** is a circle of latitude that is 65 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Southern Ocean and Antarctica.

At this latitude the sun is visible for 22 hours, 2 minutes during the December solstice and 3 hours, 35 minutes during the June solstice.

## Around the world

Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 65° south passes through:

- {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" width="125" | Coordinates
! scope="col" | Continent or ocean
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" rowspan="4" | Southern Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the Atlantic Ocean
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the Indian Ocean
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the Pacific Ocean
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the Atlantic Ocean
|-
|
! scope="row" | Antarctica
| Antarctic Peninsula, claimed by ,  and
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Southern Ocean
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | South of the Atlantic Ocean
|}
Hattie B's Hot Chicken

**Hattie B's Hot Chicken** is an American restaurant from Nashville, Tennessee. In 2025, it was founded on 2012.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Hattie B's Hot Chicken
- **type**: Privately held company, Private
- **industry**: Fast casual restaurant
- **founded**: in Nashville, Tennessee, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- **founders**: Nick Bishop, Jr.
 Nick Bishop, Sr.
- **num locations**: 10
- **area served**: Tennessee
 Central Alabama
 Atlanta metropolitan area, Metro Atlanta
 Dallas
 Las Vegas
- **products**: Hot chicken
 Fried chicken
 Side dishes
 Desserts
Untitled Unmastered

***Untitled Unmastered*** is an album made up of unreleased songs from _To Pimp a Butterfly_, an album by American rapper Kendrick Lamar.
Right Now Kapow

***Right Now Kapow*** is an American animated comedy series produced by Warner Bros. Animation for Disney XD.
Warner Bros. Discovery Global Linear Networks

**Warner Bros. Discovery Global Linear Networks** (formerly Turner Entertainment Networks, WarnerMedia Entertainment, WarnerMedia Studios and Networks, and most recently Warner Bros. Discovery Networks) is a division of Warner Bros. Discovery that operates all the WBD channels.
Statue of Gautama Buddha (Myanmar)

The **Statue of Gautama Buddha** () is a seated statue of Buddha in Kyaikto, a town in Mon State, Myanmar, measuring 77.9 metres (255.5 ft) tall.

## See also

- List of tallest statues

## Infobox (monument)

- **name**: Statue of Gautama Buddha
- **native name**: **ထိုင်တော်မူ ဂေါတမဗုဒ္ဓ ရုပ်ပွားတော်ဘုရားကြီး**
- **location**: Kyaikto, in Myanmar
- **type**: Buddha statue
- **begin**: February 10, C.E2016
- **complete**: C.E.2019
- **open**: April 7, C.E.2019
- **dedicated to**: Buddha
Kwarantined Krab

"**Kwarantined Krab**" is the second part of the 22nd episode of the 12th season of _SpongeBob SquarePants_. It was first shown on television on April 29, 2022. The episode is about a health inspector walking into the Krusty Krab and declaring that there is a disease called the "Clam Flu" spreading around.

## Story

A health inspector walks into the Krusty Krab, where he declares that there is a disease called the "Clam Flu" spreading around, causing most of the characters to run around and panic. The health inspector orders the restaurant to be put under quarantine, much to the dismay of Squidward and Pearl. The Krusty Krab is locked down with SpongeBob, Patrick, Squidward, Mr. Krabs, Pearl, and Mrs. Puff locked inside. Mr. Krabs suggests locking the diseased person inside the freezer once they are found. Some pepper is accidentally launched into the air, causing SpongeBob to sneeze, making everyone else assume he has caught the disease. SpongeBob walks into the freezer after being asked. Patrick notices SpongeBob having fun in the freezer, so he pretends that to have the Clam Flu too, causing him to be thrown inside.

When Squidward begins to scratch his arm, Pearl assumes that he has caught the disease; Mr. Krabs then throws him into the freezer. Mr. Krabs notices that Mrs. Puff has yawned, making him think that she has caught the Clam Flu too; she is also locked in the freezer. After Pearl remembers that she has some money left over from last time she was in the mall, Mr. Krabs believes her mind is poisoned from the disease, locking her up as well. After everyone else in the freezer reports feeling well, Mrs. Puff concludes that Mr. Krabs himself is the one that has the disease; she and the rest of the characters break out of the freezer. The characters chase Mr. Krabs around the restaurant to lock Mr. Krabs in the freezer, but all end up incapacitated in doing so. When the health inspector returns, he says that he made a mistake, and that no one is actually sick, before assuming that everyone has caught a different disease, with Mr. Krabs catching all of them. He orders the Krusty Krab in an even stronger lockdown. The restaurant is transported onto the Chum Bucket, where Plankton begs everyone to stay away from him to avoid catching the disease, before realizing that he might have already caught it.

## Infobox (spongebob episode)

- **series**: SpongeBob SquarePants
- **season**: 12
- **episode**: 22b
- **director**: Dave Cunningham
- **writer**: Andrew Goodman
- **length**: 11 minutes
- **prev**: Who R Zoo?
- **next**: Plankton's Intern
- **season article**: SpongeBob SquarePants season 12, _SpongeBob SquarePants_ season 12
- **episode list**: List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes, List of episodes
Charm the Snake

"**Charm the Snake**" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Christopher Cross. It was co-written by the producer Michael Omartian. It was released in 1985 as the lead single from his third album, _Every Turn of the World_. The single peaked at No. 68 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100, the only track on the album to chart.

## Personnel

- Christopher Cross – vocals, guitars, SynthAxe
- Michael Omartian – keyboards, synthesizers, horn arrangements
- Marcus Ryle – synthesizer programming
- Joe Chemay – bass guitar
- John Robinson – drums
- Chuck Findley – trumpet
- Jerry Hey – trumpet
- Gary Grant – trumpet
- Alexandra Brown – backing vocals
- Lynn Davis – backing vocals
- Vesta Williams – backing vocals

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Charm the Snake
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Christopher Cross
- **album**: Every Turn of the World
- **b-side**: Open Your Heart
- **released**: October 26, 1985
- **recorded**: 1985
- **genre**: Soft rock
- **length**: 4:24
- **label**: Warner Records, Warner Bros. Records Inc.
- **writer**: *Christopher Cross
*Michael Omartian
- **producer**: Michael Omartian
- **prev title**: A Chance for Heaven
- **prev year**: 1984
- **next title**: Every Turn of the World
- **next year**: 1985
Spanish Baroque literature

**Spanish Baroque literature** refers to the literary works produced in Spain during the Baroque period, approximately from the late 1500s to the late 1600s. This era was marked by complex language, elaborate metaphors, and themes exploring reality, illusion, honor, and religion.

## Main features

- Complex language: Writers used ornate and elaborate language to express their ideas.
- Deep themes: Common themes included the fleeting nature of life, disillusionment, and the contrast between appearance and reality.
- Artistic movements:
    - _Culteranismo_: Led by Luis de Góngora, this style emphasized elaborate vocabulary and complex syntax.
    - _Conceptismo_: Championed by Francisco de Quevedo, this style focused on sharp wit and concise expression.

## Notable poets

Luis de Góngora (1561–1627): Góngora was a leading figure of the Culteranismo movement. His poetry is known for its intricate language and use of classical mythology. Notable works include "Soledades" and "Fábula de Polifemo y Galatea."

Francisco de Quevedo (1580–1645): Quevedo was a master of Conceptismo, known for his sharp wit and satirical works. He often critiqued society and his literary rival, Góngora.

## Prose writers

Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616), best known for "Don Quixote," a novel that satirizes chivalric romances and explores themes of reality versus illusion. He also wrote "Novelas ejemplares," a collection of short stories.
vaia.com

Baltasar Gracián (1601–1658) whose most famous work, "El Criticón," is a philosophical novel that allegorizes human life. He also authored "The Art of Worldly Wisdom," a collection of aphorisms offering practical advice.

## Theatre

Spanish Baroque theatre was vibrant and innovative, often performed in open-air venues called "corrales." Plays combined elements of comedy and tragedy, reflecting the complexities of human experience.

Lope de Vega (1562–1635) revolutionized Spanish theatre with his "new comedy," blending dramatic elements to appeal to a broad audience. His prolific output includes works like "Fuenteovejuna."

Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1600–1681), whose plays delve into philosophical and existential themes. His masterpiece, "Life is a Dream," explores free will and destiny.

Tirso de Molina (1579–1648), credited with creating the character Don Juan in his play "The Trickster of Seville," examining themes of deception and morality.

## Women writers

María de Zayas (c. 1590–1661) was a pioneering female writer who highlighted women's issues in her works. Her stories often addressed the challenges faced by women in a patriarchal society.
Courtside Seats...

***Courtside Seats...*** is the debut studio album by Heavy Heavy Low Low. The album was released on February 28, 2005.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Courtside Seats...
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Heavy Heavy Low Low
- **released**: February 28, 2005
- **genre**: Mathcore
- **length**: 19:40
- **label**: Twelve Gauge
- **next title**: Everything's Watched, Everyone's Watching
- **next year**: 2006
Unit 8200

**Unit 8200** is a secretive intelligence unit within the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF). It specializes in collecting signals intelligence (SIGINT), decoding codes, cyber operations, and surveillance. Often compared to the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), Unit 8200 plays a crucial role in Israel's intelligence community.

## Staff

The unit primarily consists of young soldiers aged 18 to 21. Due to their short service period, recruits are selected for their quick learning abilities. Some are identified through after-school programs that teach computer coding and hacking skills, serving as feeder programs for the unit.

## Command structure

Unit 8200 is led by a commander and a deputy commander, whose identities are typically kept secret. As of February 2021, Brigadier General Yossi Sariel served as the commander until his resignation in September 2024.

## Activities

The unit's responsibilities include:
- Signals Intelligence (SIGINT): Intercepting and analyzing electronic communications.
- Code Decryption: Breaking encrypted messages.
- Cyber Warfare: Conducting offensive and defensive cyber operations.
- Counterintelligence: Identifying and countering espionage threats.
- Human Intelligence (HUMINT): Gathering information from human sources.
- Intelligence Assessment: Analyzing data to inform military decisions.

Unit 8200 also oversees Unit Hatzav, which collects open-source intelligence from media and the internet.

## Infrastructure

The Urim SIGINT Base, located in the Negev desert, is a key installation for Unit 8200. Equipped with satellite dishes and antennas, it intercepts communications from various regions and forwards the data to Unit 8200's headquarters for analysis.

## Alumni impact

Many former Unit 8200 members have gone on to establish or lead successful technology companies, particularly in the cybersecurity and information technology sectors. Their experience in the unit provides them with valuable skills applicable in the civilian tech industry.

## Other websites

- Enter Unit 8200: Israel arms for cyberwar, UPI, 11 May 2011
- Unit 8200: Israel's cyber spy agency, 10 July 2015
- Unit 8200 IDF.il

## Infobox (military unit)

- **unit name**: Unit 8200
- **image**: 8200 unit logo.svg
- **image size**: 150px
- **start date**: 1952
- **type**: Military intelligence unit
- **role**: Clandestine operations
Collecting signal intelligence and code decryption
Counterintelligence
Cyberwarfare
HUMINT
Intelligence assessment
Military intelligence
Strategic intelligence
Surveillance
- **size**: Classified
- **decorations**: Chief of Staff Medal of Appreciation (2)
- **commander1**: Brigadier General Yossi Sariel
- **commander2**: Anonymous officer
- **commander2 label**: Current deputy commander
Managed decline

**Managed decline** is a phrase used to describe the careful handling of a situation where something is slowly coming to an end. The goal is to reduce costs, damage, or harm during this final phase.

The idea first came from the business world. It was used when companies or industries were going out of business. Now, the phrase is also used in other areas of life.

Governments and businesses can manage decline in many ways. For example, they might offer job training programs to help workers learn new skills.

## Examples

Some real-life examples of managed decline include:
- The closing down of the textile, shipbuilding, coal mining, and steel industries in North America and Europe during the 1980s.
- The slow drop in postal service use in Europe and the United States in the early 2000s.
- The fall in the number of people going to traditional churches in Western Europe since the 1970s.
- Helping people maintain their quality of life in old age or during terminal illness.

## Use in politics

The term "managed decline" has also been used in politics. Some people have used it to describe the United Kingdom’s economy after the year 2000.

In 1981, after riots in the Toxteth area of Liverpool, British politician Geoffrey Howe gave private advice to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. He said the government should not invest in Liverpool, and instead let the city go through a managed decline. These documents stayed secret until they were made public in 2011, 30 years later.

## Related pages

- Palliative care
Atelognathus patagonicus

The **Patagonia frog**  (_Atelognathus patagonicus_) is a frog.  It lives in Argentina.

## Body

The adult is about 50 mm long from nose to rear end. This frog can have two body types: Aquatic frogs that spend time in the water have folds in their skin and have webbed skin between their toes and an orange bellies. The littoral frogs that spend time on land have less skin and gray bellies. Frogs can change between aquatic and littoral. Scientists think they do this if they eat different foods.

The frogs change body type to aquatic if they live in a pool or lagoon that is there all year. They change body type to littoral if their water dries up.

## Food

Scientists think that the frogs eat amphipods in pools of water. These animals have orange chemicals in their bodies that turn the frogs' bellies orange. The littoral frogs eat insects and spiders and ticks that they find on land.

## Home

This frog can live in bodies of water with grassy places or even dry places around them. This frog needs bodies of water with rocks on the bottom  and many plants. Scientists saw this frog between 1265 and 1410  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen this frog inside a protected park: Laguna Blanca National Park.

## Young

The tadpoles are gold-brown in color with brown spots. The tadpoles swim in shallow water and eat animals and algae.  Some tadpoles become frogs soon. Other tadpoles stay in the water during winter and become frogs the next spring.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in very big danger of dying out. One big problem is that people change the places where the frog lives by letting animals drink from the lagoons and eat the plants that the frogs need to live. Fish from other parts of the world also eat this frog and its tadpoles.

Scientists found the virus ranavirus and the fungus _Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis_ on dead and sick frogs.
Anish Sarkar

**Anish Sarkar** (born 26 January 2021) is an Indian chess prodigy who became the youngest player in the world to receive a FIDE rating, achieving this milestone in November 2024 at the age of 3 years and 10 months. In recognition of his exceptional talent, he was also awarded the prestigious Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar in 2024, becoming the youngest recipient of the honor that year.

## Chess career

Anish Sarkar's interest in chess emerged in early 2024. Recognizing his natural aptitude for the game, he was inducted into a special training program under the mentorship of India's second grandmaster, Dibyendu Barua.

He participated in the 1st SXCCAA All Bengal Rapid Rating Open in September 2024, where he played in a simul exhibition against grandmaster Arjun Erigaisi and secured his first rapid rating.

Sarkar gained international recognition in November 2024 after participating in the West Bengal Under-9 Championship, where he scored 5.5 out of 8 points and finished 24th among 140 players. His performance included victories over two FIDE-rated players—Arav Chatterjee and Ahilaan Baishya—in the final rounds. He subsequently competed in the West Bengal Under-13 Championship, earning an initial FIDE standard rating of 1556.

This achievement broke the previous record set by Tejas Tiwari, who had become the youngest rated player at the age of five.

## Other websites

- Anish Sarkar at FIDE

## Infobox (chess player)

- **birth place**: Kolkata, India
- **peakrating**: 1561 (May 2025)
- **fideid**: 531079180
Royal Challengers Bengaluru WPL

**Royal Challengers Bengaluru Women** (formerly known as **Royal Challengers Bangalore Women**) is a franchise cricket team based in Bengaluru, Karnataka, that competes in the Women's Premier League (WPL). The team is owned by Diageo, which also owns the men's franchise, Royal Challengers Bengaluru in the Indian Premier League (IPL).

The women's team is captained by Smriti Mandhana and coached by Luke Williams. Royal Challengers Bengaluru won their maiden title in the 2024 WPL season, which was also the first major trophy for the franchise across both men's and women's teams.

As of 2025, the team is also the most-followed cricket franchise on Instagram, with over 21 million followers.

## History

In October 2022, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced plans to launch a five-team women's franchise cricket league in March 2023. In January 2023, the tournament was officially named the **Women's Premier League**, with team franchises awarded via a closed bidding process.

The Bengaluru-based franchise was acquired by Diageo, the owners of the Royal Challengers IPL team. Ben Sawyer was appointed as the inaugural head coach in February 2023. The team picked 18 players in the first-ever WPL auction held on 13 February 2023. Smriti Mandhana was named captain ahead of the inaugural season.

RCB Women finished fourth in the 2023 season and did not qualify for the knockout stages.

In September 2023, Luke Williams took over as head coach for the 2024 season. The team won four matches in the league stage and qualified for the playoffs. In the eliminator, they defeated the defending champions Mumbai Indians and advanced to the final, where they beat Delhi Capitals to win their maiden WPL title. Ellyse Perry won the Orange Cap (most runs) and Shreyanka Patil won the Purple Cap (most wickets) in the 2024 season.

## Performance record

|Year|League Standings|Final Standings|
| --- | --- | --- |
|4/5|League Stage||
|3/5|style="background: gold;"|**Champions**|
|4/5|League Stage||

## Captaincy record

|Player|Duration|Matches|Won|Lost|Best Result||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Smriti Mandhana|2023–present|24|9|15|bgcolor="gold"|**Champions (2024)**|

## Infobox (cricket team)

- **name**: Royal Challengers Bengaluru
- **nickname**: RCB
- **league**: Women's Premier League
- **captain**: Smriti Mandhana
(2023–present)
- **coach**: Luke Williams
(2024–present)
- **city**: Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- **owner**: United Spirits
- **ground**: M. Chinnaswamy Stadium
- **capacity**: 33,800
- **title1**: WPL
- **title1wins**:  (2024 Women's Premier League (cricket), 2024)
- **image size**: 160px
- **t pattern la**: _blueborder
- **t pattern b**: _rcb24
- **t pattern ra**: _blueborder
- **t leftarm**: 191970
- **t body**: 191970
- **t rightarm**: 191970
- **t pants**: FF0000
- **t title**: Regular kit
Geonosis

In the Star Wars fictional universe, **Geonosis**, referred to as **Geonosia** by some natives, was the desert home planet of the Geonosians. It hosted the Confederacy of Independent Systems major battle droid foundries and was the site of the First Battle of Geonosis, the opening conflict of the Clone Wars, as well as the subsequent invasion by the Galactic Republic. During and after the war, the Death Star was constructed above the planet. Five years after the conflict's conclusion and transformation of the Galactic Republic, the Galactic Empire would garrison the planet heavily and attempt to mine the planet's asteroids for minerals. At least five years after the Clone Wars, the Empire moved the Death Star to another construction site and the planet was sterilized by the Empire as a security measure, an act which resulted in the virtual elimination of the planet's native population.
Maug Islands

Maug (from the Chamorro name for the islands, Ma'ok, meaning 'steadfast' or 'everlasting') consists of a group of three small uninhabited islands. This island group is part of the Northern Islands Municipality of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, itself part of the Marianas archipelago in the Oceanian sub-region of Micronesia.
Galinstan

**Galinstan** is a brand name for a liquid alloy of gallium, indium, and tin. The name is also used as a generic trademark to refer to the eutectic mixture of the three metals. It is used as a replacement for other liquid metals like mercury (which is toxic) and NaK (which is reactive).
KFC Original Recipe

The ** KFC Original Recipe**  is a secret mix of ingredients that fast food restaurant chain KFC uses to produce fried chicken.

By the very late 1930s, Harland Sanders' gas station in Corbin, Kentucky was so well known for its fried chicken that Sanders decided to remove the gas pumps and build a restaurant and motel in their place. While perfecting his secret recipe with 11 herbs and spices, Sanders found that pan frying chicken was too slow, requiring 30 minutes per order. Deep frying the chicken required half the time but produced dry, unevenly done chicken. In 1939, he found that using a pressure fryer produced tasty, moist chicken in eight or nine minutes. By July 1940, he finalized what came to be known as his Original Recipe.
Emblem of North Korea

The **Emblem of North Korea** contains wheat strains on the left and right side along with a red cloth at the bottom. In the middle the Emblem are drawings of factories and mountains. A red star commonly associated with communism is at the top.
60th parallel north

The **60th parallel north** is a circle of latitude that is 60 degrees north of Earth's equator. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.