Bay of Pigs Invasion

During the **Bay of Pigs Invasion** (April 17, 1961), the United States government and 1,400 Cuban exiles tried to invade Cuba and remove Fidel Castro from power. The invasion happened at the Bay of Pigs on Cuba's southern coast.

The invasion went wrong almost from the start, and it was defeated in two days. It was one of many attempts the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) made to remove Castro from power. They were never successful.

## Purpose

The invasion happened during the Cold War, which was partly a conflict between capitalist and communist countries. Castro was a communist, and his government allied with the Soviet Union. The United States, a capitalist country, opposed the Soviet Union and its allies. The CIA wanted to remove Castro so that a non-communist government could take over.

Meanwhile, the Cuban exiles wanted to overthrow Castro so they could return to Cuba.

United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower initially planned the invasion. In 1961 John F. Kennedy replaced Eisenhower and found out about the plan. He launched the attack just three months after he was inaugurated as President.

## Failure

The invasion failed quickly for many reasons.

Under the original plan (developed during the Eisenhower administration), U.S. air and naval forces needed to support the exiles during the invasion. However, as the invasion began to fail, Kennedy decided not to give any more air support. The invasion's landing site was also changed.

The original plan also assumed that Cuban people, and parts of the Cuban military, would rise up and help to defeat Castro. However, Cuban people did not support the invasion as much as the CIA had expected.

Also, Cuba knew ahead of time that the invasion was coming. Intelligence sources, including the Soviet Union, found out about the planned invasion and warned Cuba. For this reason, the Cuban Army was ready.

The invaders did not get far into Cuba. Over 100 were killed, and almost 1,200 surrendered. They were kept in jail for 20 months while the United States negotiated with Castro. Castro eventually released them in exchange for USD $53 million worth of baby food and medicine.

## Related pages

- Cuban Missile Crisis
- Cold War
- Communism
- Capitalism

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: United States invasion of Cuba
- **partof**: the Cold War
- **image**: File:Attack near Playa Giron. April 19, 1961. - panoramio.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: Cuban soldiers supported by T-34 tanks attacking near Playa Giron. April 19, 1961
- **date**: 16 April 1961 - 19 April 1961
- **place**: Bay of Pigs, southern coast of Cuba
- **casus**: Triumph of the Cuban Revolution
- **result**: **Decisive cuban victory**
- **map type**: North America
- **map size**: 290
- **commander1**: John F. Kennedy
 Charles P. Cabell
 Robert McNamara
 Maxwell Davenport Taylor, Maxwell D. Taylor
 Robert Kennedy
 Allen Dulles
- **commander2**: **Fidel Castro, Fidel Castro Ruz**
 Che Guevara, Ernesto Guevara
 Efigenio Ameijeiras
 Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado
 Eloy Gutiérrez Menoyo, Eloy Gutiérrez
- **units1**: Brigade 2506
CIA
United States Air Force, U.S Air Force
- **units2**: FAR
Law enforcement in Cuba, PNR
- **strength1**: 1,500 ground forces
8 American Douglas A-26 Invader, B-26 bombers
5 supply ships
- **strength2**: 25,000 Cuban army
 200,000 National Revolutionary Militia, Cuban Militia
 9,000 armed Law enforcement in Cuba, police (across the country)
- **casualties1**: **Brigade 2506**:
118 killed
360 wounded
1,202 captured
**United States**:
4 killed
2 B-26 bombers shot down
2 supply ships lost
- **casualties2**: **Cuban Army**:
176 killed
500+ wounded
**Militia**:
2,000 killed and wounded