juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Minusio

**Minusio** is a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Minusio
- **municipality name**: Minusio
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Minusio-coat of arms.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Minusio 2013.png
- **languages**: Italian
- **canton**: Ticino
- **iso-code-region**: CH-TI
- **district**: Locarno (district), Locarno
- **postal code**: 6648
- **municipality code**: 5118
- **area**: 5.85
- **elevation**: 246
- **population**: 6729
- **populationof**: December 2004
- **popofyear**: 2004
- **website**: www.minusio.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Avegno, Switzerland, Avegno, Brione sopra Minusio, Locarno, Magadino, Muralto, Orselina, Piazzogna, Tenero-Contra, Vira (Gambarogno)
Moleno

**Moleno** was a municipality of the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 2 April 2017, the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Moleno
- **municipality name**: Moleno
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Moleno-coat of arms.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Moleno 2010.png
- **languages**: Italian
- **canton**: Ticino
- **iso-code-region**: CH-TI
- **district**: Bellinzona (district), Bellinzona
- **postal code**: 6524
- **municipality code**: 5012
- **area**: 7.4
- **elevation**: 270
- **population**: 110
- **populationof**: December 2004
- **popofyear**: 2004
- **neighboring municipalities**: Cresciano, Lodrino, Switzerland, Lodrino, Preonzo
Monte Carasso

**Monte Carasso** was a municipality of the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 2 April 2017, the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged to form the municipality of Bellinzona.

The Swiss Heritage Society chose Monte Carasso for the 1993 Wakker Prize.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Monte Carasso
- **municipality name**: Monte Carasso
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: MonteCarasso-coat of arms.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Carasso 2010.png
- **languages**: Italian
- **canton**: Ticino
- **iso-code-region**: CH-TI
- **district**: Bellinzona (district), Bellinzona
- **postal code**: 6513
- **municipality code**: 5013
- **area**: 9.70
- **elevation**: 237
- **population**: 2377
- **populationof**: 2004
- **website**: www.montecarasso.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bellinzona, Cugnasco, Giubiasco, Gorduno, Preonzo, Sementina
Mark Ronson

**Mark Daniel Ronson** (born 4 September 1975) is a music producer from London, England. Ronson has released two albums. His first, released in 2003, was mainly hip hop music. His second, in 2007, featured British singers and musicians performing many different genres and styles.

## Early life

Ronson's mother, Ann Dexter-Jones, is a writer, and his father used to work in the music industry. He has two twin sisters, Charlotte and Samantha. Samantha is also a musical artist, and a well known LA DJ.
Charlotte is a well known clothing designer and owns several clothing stores.

Ronson's family are ethnically Jewish.

Ronson became interested in hip hop when he moved to New York City, aged 8. He went New York University, and became a popular DJ in New York during the 1990s.

## Albums

Ronson's first album was called _Here Comes the Fuzz_, a hip hop album featuring artists such as Ghostface Killah. It was released in 2003. It reached #70 in the music charts.

His second album, _Version_, was more successful. It sold more, and was nominated for a number of awards. It featured lead vocals by the likes of Amy Winehouse, Lily Allen, Robbie Williams, and others famous British singers too. Jordan Galland, an American musician also contributed to it.  The artists performed cover songs, (which means the songs were new 'versions' of old songs - the word "version" was originally used in this context by the Reggae scene) but what made this second album stand out was the return to the use of professional arrangers and a full brass section.  At a time when other producers such as Timbaland had made a name for themselves by producing simple stripped down backing beats, the sound was a complete change of direction.  The brass section that Ronson used was the Dap-Kings who usually performed with Sharon Jones.  It reached #2 in the British charts.

## Other websites

- **MarkRonson.co.uk Official home page**
- MySpace.com/MarkRonson Ronson's MySpace page

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mark Ronson
- **img**: Mark-Ronson.jpg
- **img capt**: Mark Ronson in concert
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: London, England, United Kingdom
- **years active**: 2003–present
- **url**: [http://www.markronson.co.uk/frontpage Mark Ronson]
Shardik

***Shardik*** is a fantasy novel written by Richard Adams in 1974.

## Plot

_Shardik_ takes place in an imaginary region called the Beklan Empire.  A lonely hunter, Kelderek, pursues Shardik, a giant bear. Both of them become unwillingly drawn into the politics of the entire empire. The story's key themes include the personal struggles of sin and atonement, the strength and potential of children, and the responsibility of adults to protect and nurture children in hope of a better future.
Warsaw Uprising (1794)

The **Warsaw Uprising of 1794** (also called the "Warsaw Insurrection") was started by a group of Polish people who lived in Warsaw. With help from the Polish Army, they tried to stop Russia from controlling the biggest city in Poland. It started on April 17, 1794, which was soon after Tadeusz Kościuszko's victory at an important battle.

Although the Russian army was larger, had better weapons, and killed many Polish people, Russian soldiers started to lose a lot of land and suffered from many deaths.

The Polish people had been preparing to fight in the uprising since the spring of 1793. They managed to become very popular: they formed a large army of volunteers who were led by a shoemaker, Jan Kiliński. Apart from this army, the most famous group to take part in giving the Polish people their freedom were the Poles who had been forced to join the Russian army. A person who watched the fighting was a French artist, Jan Piotr Norblin, who drew pictures of the uprising.
Fugazi

**Fugazi** is an American post-hardcore band that became active in 1987.

## History

Singer and songwriter Ian MacKaye was in two bands before he joined Fugazi. These bands were Embrace, a band that existed from 1985 to 1986, and the more well-known Minor Threat. Guy Picciotto, who played guitar, was in famous punk/emo band Rites of Spring from 1984 to 1986. Brendan Canty, who played drums, was also in Rites of Spring. For Joe Lally, it was his first major band.

## Style of music

Fugazi are known for their aggressive, "chunky" music. It is difficult to call them one genre of music. This is because they played many different musical styles. The band wanted to sound different from other bands they knew and had been in. MacKaye and Picciotto also have different styles of singing and songwriting. MacKaye prefers songs that people can sing along to, whereas Picciotto prefers more complex songs.

The members of Fugazi did not use illegal drugs, drink alcohol, or have casual sex. This was called being "straight edge". The term "straight edge" was invented by Minor Threat, MacKaye's previous band.

## Today

Fugazi have not officially split up. However, they have not played since late 2002. This is because some of the band members have settled down with their families. Others have gotten busy playing in other bands.

## Albums

- _13 Songs_ (1989) - A collection of songs from the band's first two EPs.
- _Repeater_ (1990)
- _Steady Diet of Nothing_ (1991)
- _In on the Kill Taker_ (1993)
- _Red Medicine_ (1995)
- _End Hits_ (1998)
- _The Argument_ (2001)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Fugazi
- **img**: Fugazi.jpg
- **img capt**: Fugazi in concert in March 2002.
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Washington, D.C., United States, USA
- **genre**: Post-hardcore
alternative rock
emo
- **years active**: 1987–2002
- **label**: Dischord Records, Dischord
- **associated acts**: Minor Threat, Rites of Spring
- **url**: [http://www.dischord.com/band/fugazi Fugazi]
- **past members**: Ian MacKaye
Guy Picciotto
Joe Lally
Brendan Canty
Benzaiten

**Benzaiten**  is the Japanese name of the Hindu goddess Saraswati. Worship of Benzaiten started in Japan in the 6th to 8th centuries, mainly through the Chinese translations of the _Sutra of Golden Light _.

Her Sanskrit name is "Sarasvatî Devî", which means "flowing water". This is why Benzaiten is the goddess of everything that flows: water, words, speech, and music. The characters used to write her name showed her as the goddess of eloquence. Because of the Sutra of Golden Light, in Japan she became a protector of the people. Lastly, she became one of the Seven Lucky Gods.

She has a shrine on the Island of Enoshima in Sagami Bay, about 50 kilometers south of Tokyo; and a five-headed dragon and her are the main people in the Enoshima Engi, a history of the shrines on Enoshima written by the Japanese Buddhist monk Kokei (皇慶). According to Kokei, Benzaiten is the third daughter of the dragon-king of Munetsuchi (無熱池; literally "lake without heat"), the lake which is at the center of the world in an ancient Buddhist view.

## Other websites

- A Study of the Enoshima Engi
- Sacred Texts account of Benzaiten

## Sources

- Japan and Indian Asia by Hajime Nakamura. Publisher: Firma KLM, 1961. Publication date: 1961
- India and Japan: A Study in interaction during 5th cent - 14th century – By Upendra Thakur.
Warren (domestic)

A **domestic warren** is an artificial enclosed establishment of animal husbandry that is used for the raising of domestic rabbits for meat and fur.

There used to be a clear distinction between free warren and domestic warren, but it is nearly all gone. People even speak of a "prairie dog warren."

## Other websites

- Description of mounds, etc.
Warren

**Warren** could mean:

### Animal husbandry

- Warren (domestic), a rabbitry for the breeding and raising of domestic rabbits.  _Warren_ is also used for rabbit or hare burrows in the wild.

### Forest law

- Warren (free) ("Free warren"), a type of hunting franchise under the Anglo-Norman _Forest law_

### Metaphor

- In metaphoric use, _warren_ refers to a tight agglomeration of inferior accommodations, such as a slum.

## People

- Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States
- Warren Beatty, American actor
- Warren Christopher, former Secretary of State of the United States
- Warren E. Burger, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
- Warren Buffett, American businessman and entrepreneur
- Warren Hastings, first Governor-General of India
- Warren Zevon, American singer and musician
- Warren Truss, Australian politician

## Other

- Warren abstract machine, a Prolog (software) engine
- Warren Commission, which investigated the assassination of John F. Kennedy
- Warren Cup, a Roman antiquity
- Warren's Gate, an archaeological site
- Warren's Skipper, a type of butterfly
- Warren Wagon Train Raid, historic incident in Texas
Burrow

A **burrow** is a hole or tunnel in the ground made by an animal. Animals dig burrows to live in. Sometimes animals only use burrows for a short time. Many animals dig burrows.

There are many different kinds of burrows. Different kinds of animals make different kinds of burrows. Lots of mammals make burrows. Some mammals that make burrows are moles, gophers, groundhogs, rabbits, meerkats, and kangaroo mice. The biggest mammal that makes a burrow is the polar bear.

Other kinds of animals that make burrows are: mammals, amphibians, fish (lungfish), crustaceans, reptiles, birds, small dinosaurs, insects, spiders, sea urchins, crustaceans, clams, and worms.

Burrows can be made in different materials. Kangaroo mice make burrows in sand. Termites make burrows in wood. Some sea urchins and clams make burrows in rock. Burrows can also be make in different shapes and sizes. Some burrows are simple tubes a few centimeters long. Others are many tunnels and rooms that connect to each other.

Sometimes a burrow has a special name when it is made by a certain kind of animal. For example, a rabbit's burrow is called a _warren_.
Burrow (disambiguation)

A **burrow** is a hole made by an animal.

**Burrow** can also mean:
- Burrow (Shropshire), a hill in Shropshire, England
- "The Burrow" (short story), a short story by Franz Kafka
- The Burrow, residence of the Weasley family in the _Harry Potter_ book series
- FAU Arena or The Burrow, the Florida Atlantic University Arena

## People with the family name Burrow

- James Burrow, a Gentleman well versed in Natural and Mathematical knowledge
- Sharan Burrow, Australian union official
- Taj Burrow, Australian surfer
- Thomas Burrow, orientalist, Professor of Sanskrit at Oxford

## Related pages

- Burro, a donkey
- Borough
Tokyo Juliet

***Tokyo Juliet*** (or **東方茱麗葉** in Chinese) is a 2006 Taiwanese dramatic television series. It stars Ariel Lin and Wu Zun of the band Fahrenheit. The series is based on the manga of the same name by Miyuki Kitagawa.

## Cast

- Ariel Lin 林瀨穗 Lin Lai Sui
- Wu Chun as 紀風亮 Ji Feng Liang
- Simon Yam as 褚形 Chu Xing
- Tang Zhi Ping as Ai Li Ou
- Huang Hong Sheng as 陸一彌 Lu Yi Mi
- Kagami Tomohisa as 克行 Ke Xing
- Lu Jia Xin as Gan Li Sha
- Cai Shu Zhen as Gao Gang Quan
- Cai Yi Zhen as 裴美子 Pei Mei Zi (Pei Mitsu)
- Wu Jun Qiang as Guang Xi
Left Hand Path

***Left Hand Path*** is a term used in occultism for one kind of spiritual path. It is the opposite of the ***Right Hand Path***, which is what most people think of when they think of religion or spirituality.

The use of this term in occultism came from a term used in Hindu Tantra, _Vama marga_ in Sanskrit. This ancient form of tantra used the breaking of rules (taboos) as part of the practice. Rules about diet and sex were broken on purpose. For example, rules against eating meat and drinking alcohol might be broken. Such a practice might require eating meat and drinking alcohol while having sex in a graveyard or cremation ground.

People who follow the Left Hand Path in the West are not interested in giving up pleasure or the world in order to be spiritual. They are not interested in worshiping God or following rules made up by others. They seek to gain power and freedom by breaking through taboos, fears and restrictions.

Many people link this term with Satanism and black magic, but they are not the same. The Left Hand Path is sometimes described as _amoral_.

## Related pages

- Thelema
- The Satanic Bible

## References

- Evans, Dave. _The History of British Magic After Crowley_. Hidden Publishing, 2007.
- Grant, Kenneth. _Cults of the Shadow_. London: Muller, 1975.
- Hine, Phil. _Black magic and the left-hand path _.
Wu Chun

**Wu Chun** (traditional Chinese: 吳尊; simplified Chinese: 吴尊; pinyin: Wú Zūn) is a Brunei-born actor and singer. He is the only non-Taiwanese member of the boy band Fahrenheit. He is also known for his roles in the Taiwanese TV shows Hanazakarino Kimitachihe and Tokyo Juliet.

## Biography

Born **Goh Kiat Chun** (traditional Chinese: 吳吉俊; Pinyin: _Wú Jí Jùn_) in Brunei on 10 October 1979, Wu studied at the Chung Hwa Middle School in Bandar Seri Begawan. He later graduated from the RMIT University in Melbourne with a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration. Wu also played basketball for Brunei's national team . Before joining Fahrenheit (band), he was a model for _伊林 Yi Lin_ in Taiwan and for _Diva Models_ in Singapore. He manages a gym club called Fitness Zone in Brunei.

## Television roles

|**Year**|**Title**|**Role**|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2008|_Hot Shot (篮球火)_|无极尊 Wu Ji Chun|
|2007|_Romantic Princess(公主小妹)_|南风瑾 Nan Feng Jin (Yoshiki Shido)|
|2007|_The X-Family (終極一家)_|Guest: 火焰使者 Huo Yan Shi Zhe|
|2006|_Hanazakarino Kimitachihe (花樣少年少女)_|Quan (左以泉 Zuo Yi Quan)|
|2006|_Tokyo Juliet (東方茱麗葉)_|纪风亮 Ji Feng Liang|
|2005|_KO One (终极一班)_|Guest: KO 1, 田弘光, 武屍尊|

## Fahrenheit

Wu was the last and oldest member to join Fahrenheit (band). He is the bass vocalist of the group. He also plays the drums. His personality is represented by a cool Autumn at 59 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale. He also represented by the word "Mysterious" (traditional Chinese: 神; Pinyin: shén).

## Other websites

- **Chinese** H.I.M International Music
- **Japanese** Fahrenheit: Official Japan Site
- Wu Zun's Blog

## Infobox (celebrity)

- **name**: Wu Chun
- **image**: Wu Chun (Goh Kiat Chun), 29 August 2008.jpg
- **birth date**: 10 October 1979
- **birth place**: Brunei
- **occupation**: Actor, singer, voice actor, gym instructor
- **website**: [http://www.him.com.tw/ Wu Zun at HIM International Music]
- **footnotes**: See also: Fahrenheit (band), Fahrenheit
Vamachara

**Vamachara** or **Vama marga** (Left-Hand Path) are technical terms used for practices in tantra that are considered to be outside the usual Hindu social norms.  The term Dakshinachara (Right-Hand Path) is used to refer to Tantric sects that stay within these social norms.

Due to influence of kaliyug and negative beings this practice is highly adulterated, and vamachar done by causing harm to any living being will results in more degradation of practitioner mentally, physically, socially and economically.
Magick

**Magick** is an old way to spell the word "magic". This spelling was used by Aleister Crowley for occult magic of Thelema. He wanted to make it clear that he did not mean stage magic.

Crowley defined magick as "the art and science of causing change to occur in conformity with the will."  By this, he included ordinary acts of will as well as acts of ritual magic.
Dolmen

A **dolmen** is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb. It usually consists of three or more upright stones (megaliths) supporting a large flat horizontal capstone (table).

Most date from the early Neolithic period (4000 BC to 3000 BC). Dolmens were usually covered with earth or smaller stones to form a barrow, though in many cases that covering has weathered away, leaving only the stone "skeleton" of the burial mound intact.
Twice-cooked pork

**Twice-cooked pork** (, literally: _meat that has been returned to the wok_) is probably the best-known Sichuan-style Chinese dish. Twice-cooked pork is cooked by boiling pork rib steak chunks in hot water with slices of ginger and salt first, then after being cut into thin slices, the pork is put back into a wok and shallow-fried in hot oil.

## Legend

Twice-cooked pork is said to have started in the Qing Dynasty, while the Qianlong Emperor toured Sichuan. Qianlong wanted a feast at every stop that he made, and, when he arrived at one particular village, the villagers were very worried. The crops had not been harvesting well that year and there may not have been enough to host the emperor. They were worried that the emperor would do bad things to them if they did not give him a feast, so they quickly put the food they had not yet eaten back into the pot, cooked it again (thus "twice-cooking" them) and served the food to the emperor. To their surprise, the emperor enjoyed it, and so the "Twice Cooked Pork" became a famous Sichuan dish.

## Types

Common vegetables to add to twice-cooked pork are cabbage, peppers and garlic shoots. _Pixian_, a thick broad-bean sauce, is also a common ingredient.
Yi

**Yi** may mean:
- _In China_:
    - Dong Yi, ancient people who lived in the east of China.
    - Hou Yi, a heroic figure from Chinese mythology.
    - Si Ma Yi, grandfather of Emperor Wu of Jìn.
    - The Pinyin pronunciation for the Mandarin word for "one."
    - Wu Yi, Vice Premier of China
    - Yi (drinkware), the ancient Chinese drinkware.
    - Yi (nationality), an ethnic group of China.
    - Yi Jian Lian, a Chinese NBA basketballer.
    - 宜瀏 Yi Liu, a dialect of the Gan language of Jiangxi.
    - Yi script, the writing of Yi.
- _In Korea_:
    - The Korean pronunciation of the Chinese name Li or Lee.
    - Yi I, a Korean Confucian scholar.
    - Yi Sun Sin, a Korean admiral.
- In Ukraine
    - Yi (Cyrillic), written as Ї or ї, a letter of the Ukrainian alphabet.
- In Uruguay
    - Yi River, a river in Uruguay.

- _Yi (dinosaur)_, the dinosaur with the shortest name.
Joseph

**Joseph** could mean:

- Joseph (name)
    - Joseph (Hebrew Bible), father of important Hebrew tribes, the favored son of Jacob
- Saint Joseph, husband of Mary, the mother of Jesus.
- Joseph Conrad, Polish-British writer.
- Józef Piłsudski, the first Marshal of Poland.
- Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
- Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953
- Joseph Bonaparte, king of Sicily and Naples and later king of Spain
Joseph (name)

**Joseph** [ **joh**-z_uh_f, -s_uh_f ] is a name from Hebrew language, written as . This is pronounced in standard Hebrew as Yosef, and in Tiberian Hebrew and Aramaic as . In Arabic the name is spelled  or Yūsuf. The name can be translated from Hebrew as "the lord will increase." The name Joseph is used mostly in English and French-speaking countries. Some shortened versions and nicknames of Joseph include Joe, Joey and Jo. From 1925 to 1972 it was one of the top ten boys' names in the United States. This name was ranked #28 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

### Royalty

- Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
- Joseph II of Austria
- Franz Joseph I of Austria
- Joseph I of Portugal, King of Portugal
- Joseph, Prince of Brazil
- Joseph, General Inquisitor (1720–1801) – a natural son of King John V of Portugal, one of the Children of Palhavã.
- Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain, King of Naples
- Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria
- Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, King of Bavaria
- Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953

### Biblical figures

- Saint Joseph, husband of Mary the mother of Jesus (according to Christian doctrine)
- Joseph, Old Testament Biblical figure in the book of Genesis
- Joseph of Arimathea, secretive disciple of Jesus

### Other

- Joe Biden, Vice President of the United States of America
- Chief Joseph, Nez Perce tribal leader
- Joseph Cook, Prime Minister of Australia

## Infobox (given name)

- **name**: Joseph
- **gender**: Male
- **nickname**: Joe, Joey
- **related names**: Giuseppe, Yosef
Burrow (Shropshire)

**Burrow** is a hill in Shropshire with an Iron Age hill fort at the top that is known as **Burrow Camp**. The nearest villages are Hopesay and Aston-on-Clun.  It was possibly very important during the Iron Age as it has two natural springs.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Burrow
- **photo**: Burrow_hill_fort.jpg
- **photo caption**: South-west corner of the hill fort
- **elevation**: 358 metre, m (1175 foot (unit of length), ft)
- **location**: Shropshire, England
- **range**: Shropshire Hills
- **prominence**: _c._ 189 m
- **parent peak**: Pegwn Mawr
- **topo**: Ordnance Survey, OS _Landranger_ 137
- **listing**: Marilyn (hill), Marilyn
Marilyn (hill)

A **Marilyn** is a mountain or hill in the British Isles (including Ireland) with a relative height of at least 150 metres (492 ft). The name was coined as an ironic contrast to the designation Munro, that is used of a Scottish mountain with a height of more than 3,000 feet, which is homophonous with (Marilyn) Monroe.

There are currently 1556 Marilyns identified in Great Britain and surrounding islands: 1218 in Scotland, 174 in England, 159 in Wales and 5 on the Isle of Man.

Many of the largest hills are Marilyns, including Ben Nevis, Scafell Pike and Snowdon. On the other hand, many large hills, including some Munros, and other well-known hills are not Marilyns because they do not meet the relative height criterion, like Scafell, Bow Fell in the Lake District and four thousand footers Cairngorm and Aonach Mor in Scotland.

## Other websites

- Marilyn News Centre
- Lakes24 24 Marilyns in 24 hours in the English Lake District
Munro

A **Munro** is a Scottish mountain with a height over 3,000 feet (914.4 metres). They are named after Sir Hugh Munro (1856–1919), who produced the first attempt at a catalogue of such hills, known as _Munro's Tables_, in 1891.

Munro did not set any measure of relative height by which a peak qualified as a separate mountain, and much debate has since taken place over how distinct two hills must be if they are to be considered as two separate Munros.

Despite their modest height, walking and climbing in the Scottish mountains may be made dangerous by their latitude and exposure to Atlantic weather systems. Even in summer, conditions can be very bad; thick fog, strong winds, driving rain and freezing summit temperatures are not unusual.

Winter ascents of certain Munros are widely accepted to provide among the most challenging ice climbs in Europe. Some walkers are unprepared for the often extreme weather conditions on the exposed tops and many fatalities are recorded every year, often resulting from slips on wet rock or ice.

## Other websites

- Scottish Mountaineering Club official Munros page , including completionists.
- MunroMagic – details and route descriptions for all Munros. (Some content requires registration.)
- The Munros and Tops 1891-1997  - Spreadsheet showing changes in successive versions of Munro's Tables.
Topographic prominence

**Topographic prominence** is a way to measure the independence of a summit. It is often known simply as **prominence**. Some also call it **autonomous height**, **relative height**, **shoulder drop** (in the United States), or **prime factor** (in Europe). It is "the elevation difference between the summit and the lowest contour line encircling it and no higher summit".

Two related concepts in topography are **col** and **parent peak**. These are used to calculate the prominence. The parent peak is a higher mountain that is often (but not always) nearby. It is chosen using a variety of criteria. The **col** is the lowest point between two peaks. There may be several cols between a peak and its parent peak, since other peaks may be between the two. The highest of these cols is known as the **key col**. Prominence is measured as the difference in height between the summit and the key col.

## Related pages

- List of mountain peaks by prominence
- Topography
- Topographic isolation

### Lists

- List of mountain peaks by prominence
- List of Ultras of Canada
- List of Ultras of Mexico

## Other websites

- peaklist.org, a website about mountain prominence, with lists and maps
- Edward Earl’s article on Topographic Prominence
- Mountain Hierarchy using Prominence Islands
Jamaica coalition

A **Jamaica coalition** was the name given to a possible coalition government of Germany.

The government would have been formed by the CDU/CSU, the FDP and The Greens.

Their party colours are black, yellow and green, the same colours as the flag of Jamaica.

A Jamaica coalition was most talked about after the 1995 election in Germany when the CDU/CSU only had a few more seats that the SPD, and needed more seats the its usual partner the FDP had in order to have a majority.
Rainbow body

The **rainbow body** in Buddhism is a body that is made of light, not flesh. The term is mostly used in the part of Tibetan Buddhism called Dzogchen.

According to Dzogchen, the rainbow body is a sign of complete mastery of the Dzogchen view. Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche states: “The realized Dzogchen practitioner, no longer deluded by apparent substantiality or dualism such as mind and matter, releases the energy of the elements that compose the physical body at the time of death”.

Padmasambhava, who was the founder of Buddhism in Tibet, is often shown with the rainbow body on paintings known as thangkas.

## References

- Blackman, Sushila (Compiled and edited) (1997). _Graceful Exits:  How Great Beings Die:  Death Stories Of Tibetan, Hindu & Zen Masters_. New York, USA:  Weatherhill, Inc.
- Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche (Edited by John Shane) (1988).  _The Crystal and the Way of Light._. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche (1999). _The Crystal and The Way of Light: Sutra, Tantra and Dzogchen_. Snow Lion Publications.
- Reynolds, John Myrdhin (1996). _The Golden Letters_. (1st ed edition). Snow Lion Publications.
- Sogyal Rinpoche; Harvey, Andrew (Editor) & Gaffney, Patrick (Editor)(1993). _Tibetan Book of Living and Dying_. (Rev and Updated ed.). HarperSanFrancisco.
- Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche (2002). _Healing with Form, Energy, and Light_. Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications.

## Other websites

- Images of Rainbow Body
Tara (Buddhism)

**Tārā** or **Ārya Tārā**, also known as **Jetsun Dolma** in Tibetan, is a female Buddha linked with Buddhist tantra practice in Tibetan Buddhism. She is called the "mother of liberation". She stands for success in work and achievements.

Tārā is a tantric deity whose practice is used by followers of the Tibetan branch of Vajrayana Buddhism to develop their inner qualities and understand outer, inner and secret teachings about compassion  and emptiness.  Tārā is not found in the Japanese branch of Vajrayana Buddhism, Shingon.

There is more than one form of _Tārā_. They have to do with different forms of the same quality. Bodhisattvas are often considered metaphors for Buddhist virtues.

The most widely known forms of Tārā are:

- Green Tārā, known as the Buddha of enlightened activity
- White Tārā, also known for compassion, long life, healing and serenity; also known as The Wish-fulfilling Wheel, or Cintachakra
- Red Tārā, of fierce aspect associated with magnetizing all good things
- Black Tārā, associated with power
- Yellow Tārā, associated with wealth and prosperity
- Blue Tārā, associated with transmutation of anger
- Cittamani Tārā, a form of Tārā widely practiced at the level of Highest Yoga Tantra in the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism, portrayed as green and often conflated with Green Tārā
- Khadiravani Tārā (Tārā of the teak forest), who appeared to Nagarjuna in the Khadiravani forest of South India and who is sometimes referred to as the "22nd Tārā."

In some schools of Buddhism there are twenty-one Tārās. A practice text with the title _In Praise of the 21 Tārās_ is recited during the morning in all four sects of Tibetan Buddhism.

The main Tārā chant or mantra is _Oṃ tāre tuttāre ture svāhā_. This Sanskrit mantra is pronounced by Tibetans and Buddhists who follow the Tibetan traditions as _Oṃ tāre tu tāre ture soha_.
Tara (Mahavidya)

In Hinduism, the Goddess **Tara** (Sanskrit: **Tārā**, Devanagari: **तारा**) meaning "star" is the second of the ten Mahavidyas or "Great Wisdom(Goddesse)s", Tantric manifestations of Parvati. She is also known as Nila Saraswati. She is widely considered to be the consort of lord Akshobhya Bhairava. She is a four- armed Tantric deity who is often worshipped in the Tarapith temple located in West Bengal state of India.
Tara

**Tara** could mean:

- Tara (Buddhism), a female deity representing enlightened activity and fearlessness
- Tara (Polynesian goddess), a beautiful sea goddess
- In Hinduism:
    - Tara (Devi), a Mahavidya of Mahadevi, Kali or Parvati.
    - Another name for Taraka, the second wife of Brihaspati
    - Tara (Ramayana), the wife of the monkey king Vali, who married Vali's brother and successor, Sugriva, after Vali's death
Theremin

The **Theremin** , (also **thereminvox** or **aetherphone**) is one of the first fully electronic musical instruments. It was invented by Russian inventor Léon Theremin in October 1920 after the outbreak of the Russian civil war. Its invention grew out of a search for ways to detect movement. It was the first musical instrument to be played without being touched. The control section has two metal antennae to sense the positions of the player's hands. One hand controls the pitch. The other hand controls the volume. To play the theremin, the player moves his hands around the two metal antennas. The electric signals from the theremin are amplified and sent to a loudspeaker.

The sound of the theremin is associated with "alien," surreal, and eerie-sounding portamento, glissando, tremolo, and vibrato sounds. It has been used in film soundtracks such as _Spellbound_, _The Lost Weekend_, _Ed Wood_, _Mars Attacks!_ and _The Day the Earth Stood Still_. The BBC Radiophonic Workshop used the theramin to provide the electronic sounds in demand in the mid-century. Theremins are also used in art music (especially avant-garde and 20th century "new music") and in popular music genres such as rock and pop. The Russian Dmitri Shostakovich was one of the first to include parts for the theremin in orchestral pieces, including a use in his score for the 1931 film _Odna_.

## Related pages

- Terpsitone

## Other websites

- oddmusic.com theremin page
- TECI: Theremin Enthusiasts Club International
- Theremin.info
- Clara Rockmore playing "The Swan" (Saint-Saëns)
- Dr. Samuel Hoffman, Hollywood's premiere thereminist
- Art's Theremin Page : Complete construction plans for solid state and vacuum tube theremins
Terpsitone

The **terpsitone** was an electronic musical instrument invented by Léon Theremin. It consisted of a platform fitted with antennas, through and around which a dancer would control the musical performance. By most accounts, the instrument was nearly impossible to play.

Theremin only built three of these instruments. Only the last one, made by Theremin in 1978 for Lydia Kavina, still exists today.

## Related pages

- Theremin

## References

- Mason, C. P. (1936). Theremin “Terpsitone” A New Electronic Novelty in _Radio Craft_, Dec. 1936, p. 365
- Saggini, Valerio (2004). The Last Terpsitone on Earth
Fukurokuju

In Japan, **Fukurokuju** (福禄寿) (From Japanese _fuku_, which means "happiness"; _roku_, which means "richness"; and _ju_, which means "long life") is one of the Seven Lucky Gods. He looks a lot like the Chinese star god Shou. Some people think that before becoming a god, he was a Chinese hermit and a reincarnation of a Taoist god.

Usually shown as being bald, with long whiskers, people say he is a living form of the Southern Polestar. In many pictures, Fukurokuju has a strangely high forehead. He stands with a crane and a turtle, which are symbols of long life. He is also sometimes with a black deer. Ancient legends say a deer turns black if it is over 2000 years old.

He is the only member of the Seven Lucky Gods with the ability to bring the dead back to life.

## References

- Ashkenazi, Michael. Handbook of Japanese Mythology.ABC-CLIO, 2003.
Chappelle's Show

***Chappelle's Show*** is an American comedy television series starring comedian Dave Chappelle. The show was created by Chappelle and Neal Brennan. It aired from 2003–2006 on Comedy Central. The show ran for two complete seasons plus three "lost episodes".
East Azarbaijan province

**East Azarbaijan** or **East Azerbaijan** (, _Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi_; ) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is in the northwest of the country. It has borders with Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the provinces of Ardabil, West Azarbaijan, and Zanjan. Its capital is Tabriz.

## Infobox (province)

- **name**: East Azerbaijan Province
- **native name**: استان آذربایجان شرقی
- **native name lang**: fa
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **image map**: Locator map Iran East Azerbaijan Province.png
- **map alt**: Map of Iran with East Azerbaijan highlighted
- **map caption**: Location of East Azerbaijan within Iran
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **parts type**: Counties of Iran, Counties
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: 19
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Tabriz
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 45650
- **population total**: 3603456
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Iran, Main language(s)
- **blank info sec1**: **Persian language, Persian** (official)
local languages:
Azeri language, Azeri
- **timezone1**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1**: +03:30
- **timezone1 dst**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +04:30
West Azerbaijan province

**West Azarbaijan** or **West Azerbaijan** (, _Āzarbāijān-e Gharbī_; ; ) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran.

The province of West Azarbaijan covers an area of 39,487 km² (or 43,660 km² including Lake Urmia). The capital city of the province is Urmia. The majority of the population of the province consists of Azerbaijanis and Kurds.

## Infobox (province)

- **name**: West Azerbaijan Province
- **native name**: استان آذربایجان غربی
- **native name lang**: fa
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **image map**: Locator map Iran West Azerbaijan Province.png
- **map alt**: Map of Iran with West Azerbaijan highlighted
- **map caption**: Location of West Azerbaijan within Iran
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **parts type**: Counties of Iran, Counties
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: 17
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Urmia
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 37437
- **population total**: 2949426
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Iran, Main language(s)
- **blank info sec1**: **Persian language, Persian** (official)
local languages:
Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijani
Kurdish language, Kurdish
Armenian language, Armenian
 Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, Assyrian
- **timezone1**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1**: +03:30
- **timezone1 dst**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +04:30
Azerbaijan (disambiguation)

**Azarbaijan** or **Azerbaijan** can mean:
- Republic of Azerbaijan, a country in Asia
- East Azarbaijan, a province in Iran
- West Azarbaijan, a province in Iran
Yulia Tymoshenko

**Yulia Volodymyrivna Tymoshenko** (, born 27 November 1960), is a Ukrainian politician. Tymoshenko is a member of the Verkhovna Rada since 2014. She is the leader of the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc political party. She was the Prime Minister of Ukraine for two separate terms in 2005 and again from 2007 until 2010.

## Political career

Her first term as Prime Minister was from 24 January to 8 September 2005. She was re-elected on 18 December 2007 but was removed by the Ukrainian Parliament on 3 March 2010 after the government with her own political party and the political party of Viktor Yushchenko (former President of Ukraine) Our Ukraine and the small Lytvyn Bloc lost a no-confidence vote.

While they were once strong allies, today there is a lot of political rivalry between Yushchenko and Tymoshenko. When Viktor Yushchenko lost the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, and his followers argued that the election had been corrupt, she was his main ally and one of the leaders of the Orange Revolution.

### Presidential campaigns

In February 2010 Tymoshenko lost the presidential election to Viktor Yanukovych; with a 3.48% difference, she said Yanukovych won because of fraud. She has promised to make life for the new President as difficult as possible.

She was an unsuccessful candidate for President of Ukraine in the 2019 presidential election.

## Criminal charges

On 11 October 2011 a Ukrainian judge sentenced Tymoshenko to seven years in prison for misusing her powers as Prime Minister when she signed a natural gas deal with Russia in 2009. She had been in prison for improper behaviour in court since 5 August 2011. Tymoshenko appealed against the sentence on 24 October 2011; she said the sentence was an act of revenge by Viktor Yanukovych (he has said it is not). The European Union and Russia protested against the sentence.

## Personal life

Tymoshenko was born in Dnipro, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union. She studied at Dnipro Polytechnic, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University and Kyiv National Economic University.

Tymoshenko's first name is sometimes spelled Yuliya, Yulia, Iulia, or Julia. In 1979, she married businessman Oleksandr Tymoshenko. They have a daughter, businesswoman Eugenia.

## Other websites

- Yulia Tymoshenko personal site  Official personal site of Yulia Tymoshenko
The Ring (2002 movie)

***The Ring*** is a 2002 American supernatural horror movie set in Seattle. It stars Naomi Watts and Daveigh Chase. The story is from the 1998 Japanese movie Ringu, based on a 1991 book by Koji Suzuki. The Ring is about a woman who watches a videotape, and a curse is put on her. She then only has one week to find out a little girl's origin named Samara, and find out how to break the curse. A few days later, her son watches the tape. Now she has to take care of herself and prevent her son from being killed in a week. There is also a walk out scene where Samara demonstrates how she operates.
Naomi Watts

**Naomi Ellen Watts** (born 28 September 1968) is an English actress. She played Rachel Keller in the horror movie _The Ring_ (2002) and Ann Darrow in _King Kong_ (2005).

## Personal life

On June 9, 2023, Watts married actor Billy Crudup.

## Notable roles

|_King Kong_ (2005)|Ann Darrow|
| --- | --- |
|_The Impossible_ (2012)|Maria Bennett|
|_The Ring Two_ (2005)|Rachel Keller|
|_I Heart Huckabees_ (2004)|Dawn Campbell|
|_21 Grams_ (2003)|Cristina Peck|
|_Ned Kelly_ (2003)|Julia Cook|
|_The Ring_ (2002)|Rachel Keller|
|_Mulholland Drive_ (2001)|Betty Elms / Diane Selwyn|
|_Tank Girl_ (1995)|Jet Girl|
|_Gross Misconduct_ (1993)|Jennifer Carter|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Naomi Watts
- **image**: Naomi Watts Cannes 2015 cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Watts at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival
- **birth name**: Naomi Ellen Watts
- **birth place**: Shoreham, Kent, England
- **occupation**: Actress, film producer
- **height**: 165 cm
- **years active**: 1986–present
- **partner**: Liev Schreiber (2004–2016)
- **children**: 2
- **relatives**: Ben Watts <small>(brother)</small>
Eurofighter Typhoon

The **Eurofighter Typhoon** is a jet fighter aircraft made by EADS, BAE Systems and Alenia Aeronautica with Eurofighter GmbH.  It first flew in 1994 and was introduced in 2003. It uses canards and a delta wing which makes it agile and quick. It is called the "Eurofighter" because it was made by European countries, Italy, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain.

The countries that designed the Typhoon use it.  Austria, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia have also ordered it.

## Specification

The Typhoon is 11 meters (36 feet) wide, 15 meters (49 feet) long, and 5.3 metres (17 ft) tall. It is 9,750 kilograms (21,495 lb) with nothing in it, and can weigh up to 21,000 kilograms (46,300 lb) with things in it.  It has two EJ200 engines, which can each make 20,000 pounds (9,072 kilograms) of thrust each, and can go 2,125 kilometres per hour (1,320 mph).  It carries a 27mm Mauser gun, and several missiles and bombs.
Flag of Denmark

The **Flag of Denmark**, the ***Dannebrog*** is red with a white Scandinavian cross. It is the oldest flag in the entire world.

The flag is supposed to have fallen from the sky during a battle in 1219 in Estonia. The Danes were about to lose the battle when this sign from above gave the warriors new energy, and made them win.

In reality the Dannebrog of 1219 was most likely a crusade banner - the war in 1219 was a crusade against the Estonians, who were not Christians.

The battle took place in the 15th of June, and every year the flags birthday is celebrated on this day.

In some countries the flag is a symbol of the state. In Denmark the Dannebrog is very much a symbol of the people, and the flag is used for all kinds of private celebrations - such as birthdays, weddings and Christmas. For Danes the Dannebrog is a sign of happiness and celebration and not of patriotism.
Danish krone

The **Danish krone** is the money used in Denmark and Greenland. 100 _øre_ are 1 _krone_. It first became the national currency in 1873 when it replaced the "rigsdaler". Krone is the Danish word for crown. The plural of krone is kroner.

## Other websites

- Banknotes of Denmark
Coat of arms of Denmark

The **coat of arms of Denmark** has three crowned blue lions with nine red hearts, all in a golden shield.

The seal of King Canute VI of Denmark is the oldest known example of the coat of arms of Denmark. It is from around 1190.

Denmark also used to have a greater coat of arms that was also used by the government. It was created in 1819 and adopted by King Frederik VI, but it did change over the years. In 1959, the greater coat of arms became the royal coat of arms, meaning a coat of arms only for the king and the royal family, and other one became the state coat of arms, meaning a coat of arms for the government. In 1972 when King Frederik IX died and Margrethe II became queen, the royal coat of arms was redesigned, and in 2024, King Frederik X changed it again.

Today, the royal coat of arms is made up of symbols representing all the current parts of the Kingdom of Denmark. The top left part of the shield (the three lions) represents Denmark. The top right part (the ram) represents the Faroe Islands. The bottom left part (the polar bear) represents Greenland. The bottom right part (the two lions) represents Southern Jutland. In the centre, there is a shield representing the House of Oldenburg, who are the ancestors of the Danish royal family.
Monteggio

**Monteggio** was a municipality in Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 18 April 2021, the former municipalities of Croglio, Monteggio, Ponte Tresa and Sessa merged to form the new municipality of Tresa.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Monteggio
- **municipality name**: Monteggio
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Monteggio-coat of arms.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Monteggio 2012.png
- **languages**: Italian
- **canton**: Ticino
- **iso-code-region**: CH-TI
- **district**: Lugano (district), Lugano
- **postal code**: 6996
- **municipality code**: 5202
- **area**: 3.4
- **elevation**: 420
- **population**: 818
- **populationof**: December 2004
- **popofyear**: 2004
- **website**: www.monteggio.ch
- **places**: Bosco, Bruciata, Busino, Cassinone, Castello, Crocivaglio, Fonderia, Fornasette, Genestraio, Isole, Lisora, Molinazzo, Persico, Pirla, Ponte Cremenaga, Ramello, Rancina, Ressiga, Roncaccio, Ronchetto, Rovedera, Selvacce, Suino, Termine, and Tiradelsa
- **neighboring municipalities**: Cadegliano-Viconago (Italy), Cremenaga (Italy), Croglio, Dumenza (Italy), Luino (Italy), Sessa
Morbio Superiore

**Morbio Superiore** was a municipality in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland in the hills above Chiasso. It is in the district of Mendrisio. On 25 October 2009, the former municipalities of Bruzella, Cabbio, Caneggio, Morbio Superiore, Muggio and Sagno merged into the new municipality of Breggia.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Morbio Superiore
- **municipality name**: Morbio Superiore
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: MorbioSuperiore-coat of arms.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Morbio Superiore.png
- **languages**: Italian
- **canton**: Ticino
- **iso-code-region**: CH-TI
- **district**: Mendrisio (district), Mendrisio
- **postal code**: 6835
- **municipality code**: 5258
- **area**: 2.75
- **elevation**: 452
- **population**: 705
- **populationof**: December 2004
- **popofyear**: 2004
- **website**: morbiosuperiore.ch
- **mayor**: Piermario Croci
- **neighboring municipalities**: Caneggio, Castel San Pietro, Cernobbio (IT-CO), Morbio Inferiore, Sagno