juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Wallowa, Oregon

**Wallowa** is a city in Wallowa County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 796 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Wallowa, Oregon
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Wallowa Public Library.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Wallowa Public Library
- **image map**: Wallowa_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Wallowa_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Oregon
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oregon
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Oregon, County
- **subdivision name2**: Wallowa County, Oregon, Wallowa
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: 1899
- **area total sq mi**: 0.61
- **area total km2**: 1.58
- **area land sq mi**: 0.61
- **area land km2**: 1.58
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 796
- **population density km2**: 503.05
- **population density sq mi**: 1302.78
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation ft**: 2936
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 97885
- **area code**: Area code 541, 541
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 41-78150
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2412172
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Five Nights at Freddy's: Help Wanted DLC: The Curse of Dreadbear

(often shortened to ***Curse of Dreadbear***) is a Halloween-themed downloadable content (DLC) expansion for the 2019 virtual reality survival horror game _Five Nights at Freddy's: Help Wanted_. Developed by Steel Wool Studios and published by ScottGames, the expansion was originally released on October 23, 2019.

Gameplay

The DLC introduces a new "Halloween Hub" designed as a spooky fall landscape, replacing the standard game menu. It adds several new minigames, including:

- **Corn Maze:** A stealth level where players navigate a maze while avoiding Grimm Foxy.
- **Trick or Treat:** Players must knock on doors and determine which animatronic is behind them.
- **Mangle Repair:** A puzzle-based level where players must carefully repair the Mangle animatronic.
- **Plushkin-Patch:** A survival challenge involving small, aggressive "Plushkin" dolls.
- **Cap'n Foxy's Pirate Adventure:** A dark ride featuring various animatronic targets.

Characters

The expansion features several new and returning animatronics:

- **Dreadbear:** A massive, Frankenstein-inspired bear who serves as the central figure of the DLC.
- **Grimm Foxy:** A flaming, skeletal variant of Foxy with a sickle-like hook.
- **Halloween Variants:** Returning characters from _Five Nights at Freddy's 4_, such as Jack-O-Bonnie and Jack-O-Chica.

Release and Platforms

The DLC was initially released for SteamVR and PlayStation VR in late 2019. It was subsequently ported to other platforms as part of the base game's expansion:

- **Oculus Quest:** July 16, 2020.
- **Nintendo Switch:** September 28, 2021.
- **Full Time Edition:** A bundled version including the base game and DLC was released for PlayStation 5 and PlayStation VR2 on November 21, 2023.
This Must Be It

**"This Must Be It"** is a song by Royksopp. It is on the soundtrack of the 2011 film, Hall Pass. It is the third single from their album, Junior. The vocals are of Karin Dreijer and, The Knife.

## Remixes

"This Must Be It" (This Could Be Thin White Duke Remix) – 7:01
"This Must Be It" (Apparat Remix) – 5:58
"This Must Be It" (Rex The Dog's K-Dart Remix) – 7:27
"This Must Be It" (T.B.S. Remix) – 3:40
"This Must Be It" (Maxime Dangles Remix) – 8:09
"This Must Be It" (Moguai Remix) – 7:36
"This Must Be It" (Danton Eeprom Remix) – 5:21
"This Must Be It" (Pete Herbert Remix) – 5:54
"This Must Be It" (LehtMoJoe Remix) – 4:29
"This Must Be It" (Florian Meindl Remix) – 7:08

## Music Video

The official music video was released in 2009.

## References

- web.archive
Noble rot

**Noble rot** is a good form of a grey fungus, _Botrytis cinerea_, affecting wine grapes. For this to happen, grapes must be in warm and humid conditions, usually around  and above 80% humidity. If the weather stays wet, the rot starts to ruin the wine by stopping the fermentation process and changing the taste, aroma, and appearance of the final wine. Grapes usually become infected with _cinerea_ when they are ripe. If they are then exposed to drier conditions and become partially raisined, this form of infection is known as noble rot. Grapes picked at a specific point can make fine and concentrated sweet wine. Wines produced by this method are known as **botrytized wines**.
Sauternes (wine)

**Sauternes** () is a French sweet wine from the region of the same name in the Graves section in Bordeaux. Sauternes wine is made from Sémillon, sauvignon blanc, and muscadelle grapes that have been affected by _Botrytis cinerea_, also known as noble rot. This causes the grapes to become partially raisined, making it taste different.
Schloss Johannisberg

**Schloss Johannisberg** () is a neoclassical palace and historic winery in the village of Johannisberg, west of Wiesbaden in Hesse in the Rheingau wine region of Germany. It is known as the world's first vineyard dedicated to Riesling. The estate has a winemaking tradition spanning over 900 years. Originally founded as a Benedictine monastery, the estate was made into a Baroque palace and winery in the early 18th century under the ownership of the Prince-Abbots of Fulda.
Oenology

**Oenology** (also **enology**;  ) is the science and study of wine and winemaking. Oenology is different from viticulture, which is the science of the growing, cultivation, and harvesting of grapes. The English word **oenology** comes from the Greek word _oinos_ (οἶνος) "wine" and the suffix _–logia_ (-λογία) the "study of". An **oenologist** is an expert in the science and making of wine.
Chardonnay

**Chardonnay** (, ; ) is a green-skinned type of grape that is used in the winemaking of white wine. This type of grape came from the Burgundy wine region of east-central France, but is now grown wherever wine is made, from England to New Zealand. For new and developing wine regions, growing Chardonnay is seen as a 'rite of passage'.
Winemaking

**Winemaking** is the process of making wine, starting by picking the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine-making is over a million years old. There is evidence that shows that the earliest wine production took place in Georgia and Iran around 6000 to 5000 B.C. The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology. A winemaker may also be called a vintner. The growing of grapes is viticulture and there are many types of grapes.

## Winemaking process

There are five main stages to the wine making process. The first stage is harvesting or picking. After the harvest, the grapes go to a winery and prepared for primary ferment. At this stage red wine becomes different than white wine making.

Red wine is made from the pulp and juice of red or black grapes and fermentation happens together with the grape skins, which brings it its flavor and color. White wine is made by fermenting juice which is made by pressing crushed grapes to take out the juice. The skins are removed and have no role in white winemaking.

## Winemakers

List of top 15 wine producing countries by volume. (Volume in thousands of hectoliters)
|Country|2010|2011|2012|2013|2014|2015|2016|| 2018||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||48,525|42,772|45,616|52,029|44,739|50,000|50,900|42,500|48,500|
||44,381|50,757|41,548|42,004|46,698|47,000|45,200|36,600|46,400|
||35,353|33,397|31,123|45,650|41,620|37,700|39,300|32,500|40,900|
||20,887|19,140|21,650|23,590|22,300|21,700|23,600|23,300|23,900|
||16,250|15,473|11,778|14,984|15,197|13,400|9,400|11,800|14,500|
||11,420|11,180|12,260|12,500|12,000|11,900|13,100|13,900|12,500|
||9,327|9,725|10,569|10,982|11,316|11,200|10,500|10,800|9,500|
||13,000|13,200|13,511|11,780|11,178|11,500|11,400|11,400|10,800|
||8,844|10,464|12,554|12,820|10,500|12,900|10,100|9,500|12,900|
||6,906|9,132|9,012|8,409|9,334|8,900|9,000|7,500|9,800|
||7,148|5,622|6,308|6,237|6,195|7,000|6,000|6,700|5,300|
||3,287|4,058|3,311|5,100|3,700|3,600|3,300|4,300|5,200|
||6,400|6,353|6,400|5,300|4,900|5,600|5,200|4,700|4,700|
||-|-|-|2,600|2,400|2,600|2,500|2,500|3,400|

## More readings

- Thomas Pinney. _The Makers of American Wine: A Record of Two Hundred Years._ Berkeley. University of California Press, 2012.
- James Simpson. _Creating Wine: The Emergence of a World Industry, 1840–1914_. Princeton University Press, 2012.
Viticulture

**Viticulture** (, "vine-growing"),  **viniculture** (, "wine-growing"), or **winegrowing** is the cultivation and harvesting of grapes. It is a type of the science of horticulture. While the native territory of _Vitis vinifera_, the common grape vine, comes from Western Europe to the Persian shores of the Caspian Sea. Viticulture can be found on every continent except Antarctica.
Sauvignon blanc

**Sauvignon blanc** () is a green-skinned grape variety that most likely came from the Loire Valley wine region in France. It has been cultivated in Bordeaux. The grape most likely gets its name from the French words _sauvage_ ("wild") and _blanc_ ("white") because of its early origins as an indigenous grape in South West France.

Sauvignon blanc is planted in many of the world's wine regions, producing a crisp, dry, and refreshing white wine.
Hugh Johnson

**Hugh Eric Allan Johnson**  (born 10 March 1939) is an English journalist, author, editor, and expert on wine. He is thought to be the world's best-selling wine writer.

A wine he tasted in 1964, a 1540 _Steinwein_ from the German vineyard Würzburger Stein, is thought to be one of the oldest to have ever been tasted.

## Early life

Johnson was born in London. He studied at Rugby School and at King's College, Cambridge.

## Career

He has published many books about wine, starting with the publication of _Wine_ in 1966. _The World Atlas of Wine_ (1971) was thought to be the first attempt to map the world's wine regions.

Johnson was made _Decanter_ Man of the Year in 1995, and was promoted Officer in the French Order Nationale du Mérite in 2004 and Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2007 "for services to wine-making and horticulture". He was awarded the Veitch Memorial Medal of the Royal Horticultural Society in 2000.

## Personal life

In 1965, he married Judith Eve Grinling. Together they have three children.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Hugh Johnson
- **honorific suffix**: Order of the British Empire, OBE
- **image**: Hugh Johnson OXCAM 2003.jpg
- **caption**: Hugh Johnson in 2003
- **birth name**: Hugh Eric Allan Johnson
- **birth place**: London, England
- **occupation**: Writer
- **subject**: Wine, Gardening
Leptodactylus riveroi

**Rivero's white-lipped frog** (_Leptodactylus riveroi_) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. Scientists think it may also live in Peru.

## Home

This frog is awake at night. It lives on the ground. People see it in forests, next to rivers, and in swamps and gardens. Scientists have seen it between 90 and 450 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen the frog in protected places.

## Young

This frog makes a nest out of bubbles for its eggs.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, human beings dig in the ground and this puts bad chemicals in the water that can hurt the frog.
Vin jaune

**Vin jaune** (French for **yellow wine**) is a special type of white wine made in the Jura region in eastern France. It is similar to dry fino Sherry. It is grown in a barrel under a film of yeast, known as the _voile_, on the wine's surface. _Vin jaune_ is similar to Sherry such as in aromas, but unlike Sherry, it is not a fortified wine. The wine is made from the Savagnin grape. In other French wine regions, there has been attempts in making similar style wines from Chardonnay and other local grape varieties using cultured yeast such as the _vin de voile_ wine produced in the Gaillac.
Iêda Maria Vargas

**Iêda Maria Brutto Vargas** (December 31, 1944 – December 22, 2025) was a Brazilian actress and beauty queen. She was crowned Miss Universe in Miami Beach, Florida in 1963. She was Miss Brazil and was crowned by Maria Olívia Rebouças in 1963. She was the first person from her country to win a major international beauty pageant. After winning the beauty pageant, she opened the Capital Plaza Mall in Landover Hills, Maryland. Vargas was born in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul.

Vargas died in Gramado, Rio Grande do Sul on December 22, 2025 from problems caused by a stroke at the age of 80.

## Other websites

- missesdobrasil.com, in Portuguese
Gramado

**Gramado** is a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is located in the Serra Gaúcha region. Gramado is one of the cities along the _Rota Romântica_ (Romantic Route). It was first settled in 1875.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Gramado
- **official name**: Municipality of Gramado
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Brazil, Municipality
- **nickname**: Hydrangeas' Garden
- **image flag**: Bandeira_de_Gramado.jpg
- **image seal**: Brasao Gramado.png
- **image map**: Locator map of Gramado in Rio Grande do Sul.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Rio Grande do Sul
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Brazil, Region
- **subdivision name1**: South Region, Brazil, South
- **subdivision type2**: States of Brazil, State
- **leader title**: Mayor of Gramado, Rio Grande do Sul, Mayor
- **leader name**: Nestor Tissot
- **leader party**: Progressistas, PP
- **area total km2**: 237
- **population as of**: 2022
- **population total**: 40,134
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population demonym**: _gramadense_
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: December 15, 1954
- **timezone**: Time in Brazil, BRT
- **utc offset**: −3
- **elevation m**: 850
- **blank name**: **Human Development Index, HDI** (2010)
- **blank info**: 0.764  – <span style="color:#090">high</span>
Sivert Guttorm Bakken

**Sivert Guttorm Bakken** (18 July 1998 – 22 December 2025) was a Norwegian biathlete. Bakken won his first world cup race the same year, in the 15 kilometer mass start in Oslo Holmenkollen, on 20 March 2022.

Bakken was found dead at his hotel room in Lavaze, Trentino, Italy, on 22 December 2025. He was 27. At the time of his death, he had pericarditis, a kind of heart problem.

## Infobox (athlete)

- **name**: Sivert Bakken
- **image**: Lillehammer_2016_Biathlon_mixed_relay_(24903587200).jpg
- **caption**: Bakken in 2016
- **full name**: Sivert Guttorm Bakken
- **birth place**: Lillehammer, Norway
- **death place**: Trentino, Italy
- **nationality**: Norwegian
- **height**: 1.81 m
- **weight**: 75 kg
- **disciplines**: Biathlon
- **club**: Vingrom Il
- **wcraces**: 22
- **wcwins**: 1
- **wcpodiums**: 2
- **wcraceswithrelays**: 25
- **wcrelayspodiums**: 5
- **wcrelayswins**: 4
- **wcseasons**: 2
- **wcdebut**: 8 January 2021
- **show-medals**: no
- **updated**: 31 January 2025
- **died**: 23. December 2025, Lavazé, Italy
Jonathan Hawkins

**Jonathan Hawkins** (1 May 1983 – 22 December 2025) was an English chess grandmaster. He was the British Chess Champion in 2015. He beated David Howell with whom he shared the title in 2014. Hawkins was born in Consett, England. Hawkins had the FIDE titles of FIDE Master (FM) in 2008, International Master (IM) in 2010 and Grandmaster (GM) in 2014 titles.

Hawkins died from neuroendocrine cancer in Torbay, England on 22 December 2025 at the age of 42.
R'Bonney Gabriel

**R'Bonney Nola Gabriel** (born March 20, 1994) is an American fashion designer and beauty pageant titleholder. Gabriel won the Miss Texas USA 2022 and Miss USA 2022 titles, becoming the ninth competitor from the United States to win the Miss Universe 2022 title. At 28 years old, Gabriel is the oldest Miss Universe winner.

R'Bonney Nola Gabriel was born in Houston, Texas, to a Filipino father, Remigio Bonzon "R. Bon" Gabriel, and an American mother, Dana Walker, who were married in the Philippines. She grew up in Missouri City and later in Friendswood, Texas.

Gabriel's first pageant was Miss Kemah USA 2020, where she reached the top five finalists. She competed at Miss Texas USA 2021 as Miss Harris County and was the first runner-up to Victoria Hinojosa of McAllen.

After winning Miss Universe, Gabriel traveled to Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Guatemala, the Netherlands, South Africa, Honduras, Belize, Mexico, France, and El Salvador.

On November 18, 2023, Gabriel crowned Sheynnis Palacios of Nicaragua as her successor at Miss Universe 2023 in San Salvador, El Salvador.

## Infobox (pageant titleholder)

- **image**: R'Bonney Nola Gabriel y Nayib Bukele (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Gabriel in 2023
- **birth name**: R'Bonney Nola Gabriel
- **birth place**: Houston, Texas, U.S.
- **alma mater**: University of North Texas (Bachelor of Fine Arts, BFA)
- **hair color**: Brown
- **eye color**: Hazel
- **height**: 1.70m
Andrea Meza

**Alma Andrea Meza Carmona** (; born 13 August 1994) is a Mexican beauty pageant titleholder who is best known for winning the title of Miss Universe in 2020. She is the third Mexican contestant to win the title. Meza holds the record for the shortest complete reign in Miss Universe history to date.

Meza won Mexicana Universal 2020 and Miss Mexico 2017, and finished as the first runner-up at Miss World 2017.

Alma Andrea Meza Carmona was born on 13 August 1994 in Chihuahua City, Mexico. She grew up in Chihuahua City as the oldest of three daughters. She has some Chinese ancestry.

As Miss Universe, Meza traveled to many cities within the United States, South Africa, the Bahamas, Israel, and her home country of Mexico.

## Infobox (pageant titleholder)

- **name**: Andrea Meza
- **image**: Andrea Meza, Miss Universe 2020 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Meza in 2021
- **birth name**: Alma Andrea Meza Carmona
- **alma mater**: Autonomous University of Chihuahua (Bachelor of Science, BS)
- **birth place**: Chihuahua City, Chihuahua, Chihuahua (state), Chihuahua, Mexico
- **height**: 1.80m
Maupin, Oregon

**Maupin** is a city in Wasco County, Oregon, United States. It was founded in 1922. As of the 2020 United States census, 427 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Maupin, Oregon
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: MaupinOregon.jpg
- **image caption**: Maupin and the Deschutes River
- **image map**: Wasco_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Maupin_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Oregon
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oregon
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Oregon, County
- **subdivision name2**: Wasco County, Oregon, Wasco
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: 1922
- **area total sq mi**: 1.45
- **area total km2**: 3.75
- **area land sq mi**: 1.40
- **area land km2**: 3.61
- **area water sq mi**: 0.05
- **area water km2**: 0.14
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 427
- **population density km2**: 118.15
- **population density sq mi**: 306.09
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation ft**: 1227
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 97037
- **area code**: Area code 541, 541
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 41-46500
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411052
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Mosier, Oregon

**Mosier** is a city in Wasco County, Oregon, United States. It was founded in 1854. As of the 2020 United States census, 468 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Mosier, Oregon
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: Home of the Twin Tunnels
- **motto**: Small enough to make a difference
- **image skyline**: Mosier Oregon Third Avenue.jpg
- **image map**: Wasco_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Mosier_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Oregon
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oregon
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Oregon, County
- **subdivision name2**: Wasco County, Oregon, Wasco
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: G. Witt Anderson
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: 1914
- **area total sq mi**: 0.63
- **area total km2**: 1.64
- **area land sq mi**: 0.46
- **area land km2**: 1.18
- **area water sq mi**: 0.18
- **area water km2**: 0.46
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 468
- **population density km2**: 396.12
- **population density sq mi**: 1026.32
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation ft**: 102
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 97040
- **area code**: Area code 541, 541
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 41-50050
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411174
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Shaniko, Oregon

**Shaniko** is a city in Wasco County, Oregon, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 30 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Shaniko, Oregon
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: Oregon's Best Known Ghost Town
- **image skyline**: 2017-07-15 Shaniko 18.jpg
- **image caption**: City name written on barn in Shaniko
- **image map**: Wasco_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Shaniko_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Oregon
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oregon
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Oregon, County
- **subdivision name2**: Wasco County, Oregon, Wasco
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: _Vacant_
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: 1901
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 1.29
- **area land km2**: 1.29
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.50
- **area land sq mi**: 0.50
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 30
- **population density km2**: 23.28
- **population density sq mi**: 60.24
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation ft**: 3343
- **website**: http://www.shanikooregon.com
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 97057
- **area code**: Area code 541, 541
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 41-66700
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411876
Catriona Gray

**Catriona Elisa Magnayon Gray** ( ; ; born January 6, 1994) is a Filipino model, singer, and beauty queen. She is best known for winning Miss Universe 2018. She is the fourth Filipina to win Miss Universe. Gray won Miss World Philippines 2016 and Miss Universe Philippines 2018, and reached the top five at Miss World 2016.

Catriona Elisa Magnayon Gray was born in Cairns, Queensland, Australia, on January 6, 1994, to an Australian father of Scottish descent, Ian Gray, and a Filipina mother, Normita Ragas Magnayon, from Oas, Albay, Philippines.

## Infobox (pageant titleholder)

- **name**: Catriona Gray
- **image**: Catriona Gray - NCCA Ternong Terno (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Gray in 2021
- **birth name**: Catriona Elisa Magnayon Gray
- **birth place**: Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- **height**: 5ft 10in
- **agency**: Cornerstone Entertainment
- **signature**: Catriona Gray Signature.png
- **education**: Berklee College of Music
Fátima Bosch

**Fátima Bosch Fernández** (; born 19 May 2000) is a Mexican beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss Universe 2025. She won Miss Universe Mexico 2025. Bosch is the fourth Mexican woman to win Miss Universe.

## Early life

Bosch was born on 19 May 2000, in Teapa, Tabasco, to Bernardo Bosch Hernández and Vanessa Fernández Balboa. She studied at Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico City. She earned a bachelor's degree in fashion and apparel design.

## Miss Universe 2025

On 4 November 2025, during a ceremony event, a fight happened when Miss Universe Thailand national director Nawat Itsaragrisil yelled at Bosch and called her "dumb". This caused Bosch and other contestants to walk out. Bosch later said she felt disrespected. Miss Universe 2024 winner Victoria Kjær Theilvig criticized Itsaragrisil and left the venue.

On 21 November 2025, Bosch represented Mexico and won Miss Universe 2025. She beat 100 other candidates at the Impact Challenger Hall in Pak Kret, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Bosch is the fourth Mexican woman to earn the Miss Universe title, after Lupita Jones, Ximena Navarrete and Andrea Meza.

## Infobox (pageant titleholder)

- **name**: Fátima Bosch
- **birth name**: Fátima Bosch Fernández
- **image**: Fátima Bosch coronation on GrandTV, half length 02.jpg
- **caption**: Bosch in 2025
- **birth place**: Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico
- **height**: 1.74m
- **alma mater**: Universidad Iberoamericana
Paulina Vega

**Paulina Vega Dieppa** (; born January 15, 1993) is a Colombian model, businesswoman and beauty pageant winner. She won Miss Universe 2014. She won Miss Colombia 2013 before. Vega was the second Miss Universe from Colombia.

Paulina Vega Dieppa was born in Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia to Laura Dieppa and cardiologist Rodolfo Vega Llama. Vega is of French and Spanish descent.

## Infobox (pageant titleholder)

- **name**: Paulina Vega
- **image**: Paulina Vega Making of 2018 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Vega in 2018
- **birth name**: Paulina Vega Dieppa
- **birth place**: Barranquilla, Atlántico Department, Atlántico, Colombia
- **height**: 1.78m
- **education**: Deutsche Schule Bogotá
- **alma mater**: Pontifical Xavierian University (Bachelor of Business Administration, BBA)
Leila Lopes

**Leila Lopes** (born 26 February 1986) is an Angolan beauty pageant titleholder. She won Miss Universe 2011. She had won Miss Angola UK 2010 and Miss Angola 2010 before. She was the first Angolan woman to win Miss Universe.

Lopes was born on 26 February 1986, in Benguela, Angola.

## Infobox (pageant titleholder)

- **name**: Leila Lopes
- **image**: Leila_Lopes_2012_Shankbone.jpg
- **caption**: Lopes in 2012
- **birth place**: Benguela, Angola
- **alma mater**: University of Suffolk
- **height**: 1.80m
- **children**: 2
Ximena Navarrete

**Jimena** "**Ximena**" **Navarrete Rosete** (; born February 22, 1988) is a Mexican actress, television host, model and beauty queen who won Miss Universe 2010. She won Nuestra Belleza México 2009. She became the second Miss Universe from Mexico.

Navarrete was born and raised in Guadalajara, the capital city of Jalisco, Mexico. She has one younger sister. She began modeling at the age of sixteen. She studied nutrition at the Valle de Atemajac University.

## Infobox (pageant titleholder)

- **name**: Ximena Navarrete
- **image**: File:Ximena Navarrete - Miss Universe 2010.jpg
- **occupation**: Model, actress
- **birth place**: Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- **years active**: 2010–present
- **eye color**: Brown eyes, Brown
- **hair color**: Brown hair, Brown
- **children**: 3
- **title**: Nuestra Belleza Jalisco, Nuestra Belleza Jalisco 2009
Nuestra Belleza México 2009
Miss Universe 2010
- **nationalcompetition**: Nuestra Belleza Jalisco, Nuestra Belleza Jalisco 2009
(Winner)
Nuestra Belleza México 2009
(Winner)
Miss Universe 2010
(Winner)
Minder (TV series)

***Minder*** is a British comedy drama television series that was first aired on ITV from 29 October 1979 to 10 March 1994 and last aired on Channel 5 from 4 February to 11 March 2009.

## Infobox (television)

- **caption**: Original title sequence featuring Dennis Waterman (1979–1989)
- **language**: English
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **runtime**: 60 minutes (including commercials)
- **genre**: Comedy drama
- **creator**: Leon Griffiths
- **channel**: ITV (TV network), ITV
- **channel2**: 5 (British TV channel), Channel 5
- **num series**: 11
- **num episodes**: 114 (List of Minder episodes, list of episodes)
Nixon, Texas

**Nixon** is a city in Texasan counties Gonzales and Wilson. It was founded in 1849. As of the 2020 United States census, 2,341 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Nixon, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image caption**: Nixon-area, listed as "Rancho" and "Clear Fork" c. 1873. "Riddleville" is now Karnes City, Texas, Karnes City. Nixon City Hall shown above
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Gonzales County, Texas, Gonzales, Wilson County, Texas, Wilson
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1849 (Rancho)
- **established title1**: Founded
- **established date1**: 1852 (R.T. Nixon Plantation)
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1906 (John T. Nixon Tract)
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 4.06
- **area land km2**: 4.05
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **area total sq mi**: 1.57
- **area land sq mi**: 1.56
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2341
- **population density sq mi**: 1626.36
- **population density km2**: 627.94
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 387
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 78140
- **area code**: Area code 830, 830
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-51588
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411257
Smiley, Texas

**Smiley** is a city in Gonzales County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 475 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Smiley, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Smiley.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Smiley, Texas
- **image map1**: Gonzales County Smiley.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Gonzales County, Texas, Gonzales
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 1.35
- **area land km2**: 1.35
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.52
- **area land sq mi**: 0.52
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 475
- **population density km2**: 422.34
- **population density sq mi**: 1094.05
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 312
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 78159
- **area code**: Area code 830, 830
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-68300
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411910
- **website**: https://smileytx.com/
Waelder, Texas

**Waelder** is a city in Gonzales County, Texas, United States. It was founded in 1881. As of the 2020 United States census, 933 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Waelder, Texas
- **settlement type**: city
- **image skyline**: Hopkinsville-community2016-2(dewitt-county).jpg
- **image caption**: Site of a former community in Waelder
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Waelder.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Waelder, Texas
- **image map1**: Gonzales County Waelder.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Gonzales County, Texas, Gonzales
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 3.33
- **area land km2**: 3.31
- **area water km2**: 0.02
- **area total sq mi**: 1.29
- **area land sq mi**: 1.28
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 933
- **population density km2**: 342.04
- **population density sq mi**: 885.85
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 390
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 78959
- **area code**: Area code 830, 830
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-76024
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2412163
Zengdu, Suizhou

**Zengdu, Suizhou** (Chinese : 曾都) is a district in the city of Suizhou.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Zengdu
- **settlement type**: District (China), District
- **image skyline**: Suizhou Railway Station inside 2015.8.21.jpg
- **image caption**: Picture of the Suizhou railway station
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: China
Reklaw, Texas

**Reklaw** is a city in Texasan counties Gonzales and Rusk. It was founded in 1890. As of the 2020 United States census, 332 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Reklaw, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Reklaw Texas townsite sign.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Reklaw, Texas Townsite Sign
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Reklaw.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Reklaw, Texas
- **image map1**: Cherokee County Reklaw.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Cherokee County, Texas, Cherokee, Rusk County, Texas, Rusk
- **established date**: 1890
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 7.63
- **area land km2**: 7.62
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **area total sq mi**: 2.95
- **area land sq mi**: 2.94
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 332
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 312
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 75784
- **area code**: Area code 903, 903
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-61508
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2410922
Troup, Texas

**Troup** is a city in Texasan counties Gonzales and Smith. As of the 2020 United States census, 2,006 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Troup, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Downtown Troup, TX IMG_4429.JPG
- **imagesize**: 210px
- **image caption**: East along Texas State Highway 110, SH 110 / Texas State Highway 135, SH 135 in Downtown Troup, November 2014
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Troup.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Troup, Texas
- **image map1**: Smith County Troup.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Smith County, Texas, Smith, Cherokee County, Texas, Cherokee
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 6.39
- **area land km2**: 6.37
- **area water km2**: 0.03
- **area total sq mi**: 2.47
- **area land sq mi**: 2.46
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2006
- **population density sq mi**: 831.57
- **population density km2**: 321.10
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 472
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 75789
- **area codes**: Area codes 903 and 430, 903, 430
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-73724
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2412097
Soviet Civil Administration

The **Soviet Civil Authority** or **Soviet Civil Administration** was a It was a temporary administration created by the Soviet Union in North Korea on August 24, 1945, after World War II. The administration had soldiers from the Soviet Union, but the government, laws, policies, and economy were controlled by the People's Republic of Korea (1945-1946).

On February 8, 1946, the Soviet Union removed the People's Republic of Korea from its administration and created a new government for its administration, the Provisional People's Committee of North Korea in the city of Pyongyang. This committee also served as a government but was controlled by the Soviet Union.

On September 9, 1948, the North Korean People's Committee became the current government of North Korea, and the Soviet administration was removed. Despite this, it was only in 1949 that the Soviet Union leave its army from North Korea.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Soviet Civil Authority
- **common name**: Soviet Korea
- **image flag**: Flag of the Soviet Union (1936 – 1955).svg
- **image map**: Locator_map_of_North_Korea.svg
- **capital**: Pyongyang
- **demonym**: Korean
East Mountain, Texas

**East Mountain** is a city in Texasan counties Gregg and Upshur. As of the 2020 United States census, 899 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: East Mountain, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-EastMountain.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of East Mountain, Texas
- **image map1**: Upshur County EastMountain.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Upshur County, Texas, Upshur, Gregg County, Texas, Gregg
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 5.50
- **area land km2**: 5.48
- **area water km2**: 0.02
- **area total sq mi**: 2.12
- **area land sq mi**: 2.12
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 899
- **population density sq mi**: 407.09
- **population density km2**: 157.14
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 436
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 75644
- **area codes**: Area codes 430 and 903, 430, 903
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-22168
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2410388
Easton, Texas

**Easton** is a city in Texasan counties Gregg and Rusk. As of the 2020 United States census, 499 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Easton, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Easton.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Easton, Texas
- **image map1**: Gregg County Easton.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Gregg County, Texas, Gregg, Rusk County, Texas, Rusk
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 6.33
- **area land km2**: 6.33
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 2.44
- **area land sq mi**: 2.44
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 499
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 272
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 75641
- **area codes**: Area codes 903 and 430, 903, 430
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-22192
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2410393
- **website**: [https://cityofeastontx.com/home https://cityofeastontx.com/home]
Earle Nelson

**Earle Nelson** was an American serial killer, who killed at least twenty women and two in Canada between 1926 and 1927.

## References

- ["Nelson Identified as Man Who Killed Buffalo Woman" https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7942105/nelson_identified_as_man_who_killed/]
- murders
University of Bath

The **University of Bath** is a university in Bath, England. The university has a main campus at Claverton Down. This campus was built for the university in 1964. It looks down on the UNESCO World Heritage city of Bath.

In 2024, Bath ranked 7th in the United Kingdom for undergraduate education. The university is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the Association of MBAs, the European Quality Improvement System, the European University Association, Universities UK and GW4.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University of Bath
- **image name**: File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Bath.svg
- **image size**: 180px
- **motto**: (Virgil, Georgics II)
- **mottoeng**: Learn the culture proper to each after its kind
- **established**: 1886 (Merchant Venturers Technical College)
 1960 (Bristol College of Science and Technology)
 1966 (Bath University of Technology)
 1971 (university status)
- **type**: public university, Public
- **endowment**: £9.4 million (2025)
- **budget**: £416.8 million (2024/25)
- **chancellor**: Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh, The Duke of Edinburgh
- **vice chancellor**: Phil Taylor
- **academic staff**: ()
- **administrative staff**: ()
- **students**: ()
 Full-time equivalent, FTE ()
- **undergrad**: ()
- **postgrad**: ()
- **city**: Bath, Somerset
- **country**: England
- **campus**: Suburban
Ore City, Texas

**Ore City** is a city in Upshur County, Texas, United States. It was founded in 1951. As of the 2020 United States census, 1,108 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ore City, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **nicknames**: "City on the Iron Hill", "Iron City", "OC", "Featherstone" (after Lewis P. Featherstone)
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Upshur County, Texas, Upshur
- **government type**: Strong Mayor-council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Angela Edwards
- **established title1**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **founder**: Lewis Porter Featherstone
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 5.65
- **area land km2**: 5.59
- **area water km2**: 0.06
- **area total sq mi**: 2.18
- **area land sq mi**: 2.16
- **area water sq mi**: 0.02
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 1108
- **population density sq mi**: 568.52
- **population density km2**: 219.56
- **population demonym**: Ore Citian
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **elevation ft**: 308
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 75683
- **area codes**: Area codes 903 and 430, 903, 430
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-54216
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411331
- **blank2 name**: Major highways
- **blank2 info**:
- **named for**: the iron discovered
Union Grove, Texas

**Union Grove** is a city in Upshur County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 441 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Union Grove, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-UnionGrove.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Union Grove, Texas
- **image map1**: Upshur County UnionGrove.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Upshur County, Texas, Upshur
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2.45
- **area land km2**: 2.42
- **area water km2**: 0.03
- **area total sq mi**: 0.95
- **area land sq mi**: 0.94
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 441
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 125
- **elevation ft**: 410
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-74312
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2412132
Dario Moretti

**Dario Moretti** (born 4 August 1983 , Carpi) is an Italian politician active in local government in the municipality of Rolo, in the Province of Reggio Emilia, where he serves as a municipal councillor.

He is a member of the political party Lega Salvini Premier.

## Political career

Moretti was elected municipal councillor of Rolo in the local elections of 9 June 2024, with his appointment officially taking effect on 10 June 2024. He sits on the Rolo Municipal Council as a member of an opposition list originally associated with the civic group Rolo Attiva.

In 2025, together with councillor Maria Cristina Camurri, he promoted the creation of a new political group called Centrodestra per Rolo (Centre-right for Rolo). According to press reports, the initiative was motivated by the desire to give greater visibility and political coherence to the centre-right presence in local politics.

## Controversies

In July 2024, Moretti became the subject of widespread media controversy after publishing a video on social media featuring an image resembling Benito Mussolini made with spaghetti, accompanied by the song Faccetta nera. The post was shared in response to a municipal initiative linked to the anti-fascist pasta dinner. The video drew criticism from the local administration and other political figures, while Moretti defended the gesture as a satirical provocation against all forms of dictatorship.