juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Anna Harrison

**Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison** (July 25, 1775 – February 25, 1864) was the wife of President William Henry Harrison. President Benjamin Harrison was her grandson. She was the First Lady of the United States during her husband's one-month term in 1841. But she never entered the White House.

She was born near Morristown, New Jersey on July 25, 1775. Her father was a judge and his name was John Cleves Symmes. Her mother’s name was Anna Tuthill Symmes. Her mother died in 1776 when Anna was hardly one year old. During the American Revolution, Anna's father dressed like a British soldier and carried her on horseback passing through the British lines to her grandparents on Long Island. They cared for the child till the end of the war with the British.

At the age of thirteen, she went to North Bend, Ohio to live with her father and the stepmother. After few years, she met William Harrison, a young army officer. She married him on 25th November 1795. The couple had six sons and four daughters: Elizabeth Bassett "Betsy" (1796 - 1846), John Cleves Symmes (1798 - 1830), Lucy Singleton (1800 - 1826), William Henry, Jr. (1802 - 1838), John Scott (1804 - 1878), Benjamin (1806 - 1840), Mary Symmes (1809 - 1842), Carter Bassett (1811 - 1839), Anna Tuthill (1813 - 1845), and James Findlay (1814 - 1817).

After an eventful career in the US Army, her husband became the President of the United States in 1841. Due to her illness, she could not attend the inauguration ceremony and remained at their home in North Bend. After a month, on April 4, 1841, she was about to move to Washington when she learned of her husband's death. Thus, she never entered the White House, even though she was the First Lady.

After the death of her husband, she lived in North Bend with one of her sons, John Scott Harrison. She helped raise his children. One of the children was eight-year old Benjamin who became President of the United States. She died at the age of 88 on February 25, 1864 at home in North Bend, Ohio.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **office**: First Lady of the United States
- **name**: Anna Harrison
- **image**: Anna Symmes Harrison.jpg
- **caption**: Harrison
- **term start**: March 4, 1841
- **term end**: April 4, 1841
- **alongside**: Jane Irwin Harrison (acting)
- **term label**: In role
- **president**: William Henry Harrison
- **predecessor**: Angelica Singleton Van Buren (acting)
- **successor**: Letitia Christian Tyler
- **birth name**: Anna Tuthill Symmes
- **birth place**: Morristown, New Jersey, British America
- **death place**: North Bend, Ohio, U.S.
- **resting place**: William Henry Harrison Tomb State Memorial, Harrison Tomb State Memorial
North Bend, Ohio, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **children**: 10, including John Scott Harrison, John Scott
- **parents**: John Cleves Symmes
Anna Tuthill
- **signature**: Anna Harrison Signature.svg
Sarah Yorke Jackson

**Sarah Yorke Jackson** (July 16, 1803 -August 23, 1887) was the daughter-in-law of US President Andrew Jackson and Rachel Donelson Jackson. She served as the eighth First Lady of the United States from November 26, 1834, to March 4, 1837.

Sarah Yorke was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 16, 1803. Her parents were very rich. Her father’s name was Peter Yorke. Her father had worked as a sea captain, and then became a merchant. Her mother’s name was Mary Haines York. Her father died in 1805. While going to New Orleans, her mother died in 1820. Sarah had two other sisters. Her two aunts raised all the three children.

On November 24, 1831, Sarah married Andrew Jackson, Jr. He was the adopted son of president Andrew Jackson. The couple lived in the family plantation farm in Tennessee. There in 1834, a fire destroyed the main house. They came to Washington, and started living in the White House. By that time, they had become parents of two children.

The couple and their children reached the White House on November 26, 1834. She immediately started to act as the First Lady. At the same time, the President’s niece Emily Donelson was also acting as the First Lady. This is the single example of two ladies acting as the First Lady in the history of the United States. In 1836, Emily died of tuberculosis. After that, Sarah continued to act as the First Lady.

President Jackson’s term as president expired in 1837. Until then Sarah remained in the White House and continued to act as the First lady. By that time, a new house was constructed at Tennessee. The couple and the former president lived there for about eight years. In 1845, Andrew Jackson died. She continued to live there with her husband. When the American Civil War broke out, the couple moved to Mississippi. She died on August 23, 1887.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sarah Jackson
- **office**: 8th First Lady of the United States
- **image**: Sarah Yorke Jackson (1).jpg
- **predecessor**: Emily Donelson
- **president**: Andrew Jackson
- **successor**: Angelica Singleton Van Buren, Angelica Van Buren
- **birth name**: Sarah Yorke
- **birth date**: July 16, 1803
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death date**: August 23, 1887 (aged 84)
- **death place**: The Hermitage (Nashville, Tennessee), The Hermitage, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **children**: 5
- **relatives**: Andrew Jackson <small>(father-in-law)</small>
- **term start**: November 26, 1834
- **term end**: March 4, 1837
- **term label**: In role
Carnivora

The order **Carnivora** is a animal group of mammals. The group is divided into the "cat-like" Feliformia and the "dog-like" Caniformia.

Animals of the order Carnivora are _carnivores_, a term which applies to all carnivore flesh-eaters. If one needs to refer to members of the order, then _carnivorans_ is used. Many species of Carnivora are actually omnivores, and a few of them, like the giant panda, eat mostly plants.

The order includes aquatic relatives in the superfamily Pinnipedia, the walruses and seals.

## Teeth

Mammalian carnivores have a particular arrangement of their back teeth. It is to slice the meat of their prey. As the photo shows, two of the back teeth work as meat slicers. If they change their way of life (various aquatic mammals) this feature gets changed or even lost (selected against).

## Taxonomy

- Order **Carnivora**
    - Suborder **Feliformia** ("cat-like")
        - Family Felidae: cats
        - Family Viverridae
        - Family Hyaenidae: hyenas
        - Family Eupleridae
        - Family Herpestidae: mongooses
    - Suborder **Caniformia** ("dog-like")
        - Family Canidae: dogs, foxes, wolves, jackals, and coyotes
        - Family Ursidae: bears
        - Family Ailuridae: red pandas
        - Family Mephitidae: skunks
        - Family Mustelidae: martins, badgers, and minks
        - Family Procyonidae: racoons
        - Superfamily Pinnipedia : walruses, and seals
            - Family Odobenidae
            - Family Otariidae
            - Family Phocidae

### Carnivoramorpha

The Carnivores are linked with the Miacids and Viverravids in an unranked clade, the Carnivoramorpha:
- †Miacoidea
    - †Viverravidae
    - †Miacidae (_Miacis_)
- Carnivora
    - Caniformia
    - Feliformia

The carnivores known as †Creodonts have some relation to these groups, but are placed outside the Carnivoramorpha. The †Mesonychids are another extinct group of early carnivores, which are also not in the Carnivoramorpha.
Fowl

**Fowl** are birds belonging to one of two biological orders, namely the gamefowl or landfowl (Galliformes) and the waterfowl (Anseriformes). It happens that birds in these groups are good to eat, and often hunted by gun. So the word 'fowl' may be used for a game bird. The group is mostly of birds we hunt or farm, and which we eat. Studies of anatomical and molecular similarities suggest these two groups are close evolutionary relatives. Together, they form the fowl clade, the **Galloanserae**. This clade is also supported by morphological and DNA sequence data, as well as retrotransposon data.

The name _fowl_ is Germanic, and means simply "bird". It has several cognates in other Germanic languages, such as German _Vogel_ and Swedish _fågel_.
Receipt

A **receipt** is usually a piece of paper, but in some parts of the world they can also be hard tokens. The word comes from "receive", which means "to get".

Receipts are used to show or prove that someone has got or received something.  It usually shows proof that something has been paid for. It might also be used to show that something was brought in to be fixed, for example, a bicycle.

## Related pages

- Invoice
Error

An ***error*** is a mistake: that is its basic meaning. However, there are some differences in how the word is used in different subjects.

## In arithmetic

Elementary errors in arithmetic show a wrong pattern of thought. For example, if a child misplaces the decimal point in some decimal arithmetic, that shows he or she has not understood the idea. By explaining how decimal points should be placed, a teacher can correct all future calculations of this kind. The error is a sign of a general misunderstanding, which, when cured, may never happen again. In this way, errors can help learning.

This idea can be developed in many other subjects. Errors can help learning if corrected, and that is used by many textbooks with end-of-chapter questions. The idea of the questions (which often have end of book answers) is to help the reader find out what needs correcting. The principle of learning is called knowledge of results.

## In statistics

A statistical error is _the amount by which a sample differs from its expected value_. The expected value is based on the whole population from which the individual was chosen.

A tricky point is this:
- The difference between a value in the _sample_ and the (unobservable) population mean is a _statistical error_
- The difference between a value in the sample and the observable sample mean is a _residual_.

## Computer programming

The word 'error' can be used to describe a computer program that was not written in the right way. A _syntax error_ is a bit of source code that does not make sense to the computer. A _logic error_ is a mistake in the algorithm used, which might result in problems with the output.

An error may also be an _exception_, which is something that happens unexpectedly. For example, it is an error to try to write more files onto a disk that is full. Careful programmers write code that can deal with errors that may happen; they can do this by labeling each error with an error code and using exception handling. Continuing to run a program when an error has not been dealt with can cause error avalanche, which means errors pile up and behavior becomes more difficult to predict.

## Catastrophes

In a catastrophe like a nuclear accident, even small errors in accuracy and precision can lead to very harmful consequences.
Asian Football Confederation

The **Asian Football Confederation** often referred to as just **AFC**, is the organization that controls Asian football.

## Regions

The AFC has 46 member associations split into four regions.

### ASEAN Football Federation

- Australia
- Brunei
- Cambodia
- Indonesia
- Laos
- Malaysia
- Myanmar
- Philippines
- Singapore
- Thailand
- Timor-Leste
- Vietnam

### East Asian Football Federation

- China PR
- Guam
- Hong Kong
- Japan
- Korea DPR
- Korea Republic
- Macau
- Mongolia
- Chinese Taipei

### Central and South Asian Football Federation

SAFF Members
- Afghanistan
- Bangladesh
- Bhutan
- India
- Maldives
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka

CAFF Members
- Kyrgyzstan
- Tajikistan
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan

### West Asian Football Federation

- Iran
- Iraq
- Saudi Arabia
- Bahrain
- Jordan
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Oman
- Palestine
- Qatar
- Syria
- United Arab Emirates
- Yemen

## Related pages

- AFC Asian Cup
- AFC Champions League Elite

## Other websites

- AFC homepage

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Asian Football Confederation
- **image**: File:AFC Headquarters.jpg
- **caption**: AFC Headquarters in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- **abbreviation**: AFC
- **motto**: _The Future is Asia_
- **formation**: 8 May 1954
- **type**: Sports organisation
- **region served**: Asia
- **membership**: 47 member associations
- **leader title**: President
- **leader name**: Zhang Jilong
- **leader title2**: Vice-president
- **leader name2**: Moya Dodd
- **leader title3**: General Secretary
- **leader name3**: Alex Soosay
- **parent organization**: FIFA
- **website**: [http://www.the-afc.com/en/index.php www.the-afc.com]
Micronesia

**Micronesia** is an area in Oceania. Many islands in the western Pacific Ocean are part of it. Micronesia means _small islands_ in ancient Greek language.

The Philippines is to the west of Micronesia. Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Melanesia are to the south of Micronesia. Polynesia is to the east of Micronesia.

Most of the islands in Micronesia are atolls. These are ring-shaped islands made of a coral reef. But some are high islands with a coral reef around them.

Traditionally in Micronesia, each island or area has a chief. The chief cannot do anything without support of the council. Everyone is part of a clan, or extended family. Each family group also has a chief. The chiefs are usually older men. Micronesia is mostly matrilineal, which means that descent is followed through women. So a chief may be followed by his sister's son.

People in Micronesia often have family members on many other islands. The society values social equality. Wealth is spread pretty evenly between people. Even the chiefs are not much richer than everyone else. But this is less true in the eastern islands, where there are social classes.

## List of islands and countries in Micronesia

- Gilbert Islands (in Republic of Kiribati)
- Republic of the Marshall Islands
- Federated States of Micronesia (It may be called just _Micronesia_)
- Republic of Nauru
- Republic of Palau
- Mariana Islands
    - Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (United States)
    - Territory of Guam (United States)
- Territory of Wake Island (United States)
CONMEBOL

**CONMEBOL** or **CSF** (**CON**federación Suda**ME**ricana de Fút**BOL** in Spanish, **CON**federação Sul-A**ME**ricana de Fute**BOL** in Portuguese; _South American Football Confederation_) is the governing body of football in most of South America.

Three countries or territories on the South American mainland—the independent countries of Guyana and Suriname, plus the French overseas department of French Guiana—are not CONMEBOL members. Instead, for cultural and competitive reasons, they are members of CONCACAF, the governing body for the rest of the Americas.

## Related pages

- Copa América, the CONMEBOL championship for men's national teams
- Copa Libertadores, the main CONMEBOL club championship
- Copa Sudamericana, second major CONMEBOL club championship

## Other websites

- CONMEBOL homepage
Monotreme

**Monotremes** are a group of mammals that form the order Monotremata. Monotremes are the only mammals that lay eggs, but they also feed their babies with milk.

The word 'monotreme' refers to their common rear opening, the cloaca. In amphibia, reptiles, birds and probably all early tetrapods, there is a common opening for urine, reproduction and faeces.

## Evolution

Monotremes are derived from earlier mammals than the marsupials and eutherians, but their fossil record is poor.

The time at which the monotreme line diverged from other mammalian lines is uncertain, but one survey of genetic studies gives an estimate of about 220 million years ago. This is in the Upper Triassic. Fossils of a jaw fragment 110 million years old were found at Lightning Ridge, New South Wales. This means they originated up to 100 million years before the Metatheria or Eutheria, so they are definitely 'living fossils'.

### Mosaic features

The egg-laying and the cloaca are primitive ('basal') features inherited from earlier synapsid tetrapods.

But the monotremes also have other features such as the production of milk, caring for their young in burrows, homeothermy and a neocortex in their brains. These are advanced ('derived') features which they share with placentals and marsupials. This mixture of basal and derived features is characteristic of the way different body parts often evolve at different rates. This is called mosaic evolution.

In mammals, a monophyletic group, there were a number of different lines living at the same time through the Upper Triassic to the Upper Cretaceous. Each of these lines had a mixture of basal and derived features until, at last, the placental mammals developed the whole suite of derived characters. This gave them a great advantage over the other groups wherever open competition occurred. However, because of their long seclusion in southern continents, some of the monotremes and marsupials have survived.

## Survivors

There are two surviving families of monotremes, with five living species. They all live in Australia and New Guinea. People commonly know them as platypus and echidnas. There is only one platypus that exists now, the duck-billed platypus. The four others are echidnas.

## Types of monotreme

- Order **Monotremata**
    - Family **Ornithorhynchidae**
        - Genus _Ornithorhynchus_
            - Platypus, _Ornithorhynchus anatinus_
    - Family **Tachyglossidae**: Echidnas
        - Genus _Tachyglossus_
            - Short-beaked Echidna, _Tachyglossus aculeatus_
        - Genus _Zaglossus_: Long-beaked Echidnas
            - Western Long-beaked Echidna, _Zaglossus bruijni_
            - Sir David's Long-beaked Echidna, _Zaglossus attenboroughi_
            - Eastern Long-beaked Echidna, _Zaglossus bartoni_
Metatheria

**Metatheria** is a group in the class Mammalia which contains the marsupials and the sparassodonts.

The group was first proposed by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1880. It is nearly synonymous with the earlier taxon Marsupialia, but it also contains the nearest fossil relatives of marsupial mammals.

Metatheria differ from all other mammals in their dental formula. This usually includes five upper and four lower incisors, a canine, three premolars, and four molars.

The earliest known representative, _Sinodelphys_, is from the Lower Cretaceous of China.

The closest relatives of the metatheres are the Eutheria (also erected by Huxley in 1880). Both are together united as **infraclass**es in the subclass Theria. The Theria contains all living mammals except monotremes.

During development, metatherians produce a yolk sac placenta and give birth to 'larval-like' offspring.

These offspring have underdeveloped rear limbs, and after birth they migrate to the marsupium where they attach to a nipple. The mouth of newly born metatherians forms an "O" shape into which the mother's nipple fits. Then the nipple swells to secure the offspring in place.

The Greek words _meta-_ and _theria_ roughly means the _"other beasts"_, in contrast with _Eutheria_ (_"true beasts"_).

## Evolutionary history

Metatherians first appeared in the Cretaceous period.  Some stem group metatherians persisted well into the Neogene period before becoming extinct. Crown group marsupials, the one branch of Metatheria that survives today, diversified close to the time of extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.
Urarina

**Urarina** are Indigenous Peoples who live in the Peruvian Amazon Rainforest.

## Other websites

- Book about the Urarina people from the University Press of Florida .
Sergipe

**Sergipe** is the smallest state in Brazil. Aracaju is the capital and largest city. Sergipe borders two other states, Bahia and Alagoas.

## Geography

Sergipe's land is mostly caatinga. A strip of rainforest runs down the Atlantic coast. There are also swamps near the coast.

## Economy

Sergipe's main crop is sugarcane. Cassava is also grown. There is a small petroleum industry.

## History

The first people to live in Sergipe were from the Tupi Tribe. The name "Sergipe" is the Tupi word for _crab_.

The Portugal took over the area, and made a settlement at São Cristóvão. Later, French pirates invaded Sergipe, but they left soon after.

Now, Sergipe is part of free Brazil.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: State of Sergipe
- **native name lang**: pt
- **settlement type**: States of Brazil, State
- **image flag**: Bandeira de Sergipe.svg
- **image shield**: Brasão de Sergipe.svg
- **image map**: Brazil State Sergipe.svg
- **map caption**: Location of State of Sergipe in Brazil
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital and Largest City
- **seat**: Aracaju
- **leader title**: Governor (Brazil), Governor
- **leader name**: Marcelo Déda
- **leader title1**: Vice Governor
- **leader name1**: Belivaldo Chagas
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 21910.348
- **area rank**: List of Brazilian states by area, 26th
- **population total**: 2,110,867
- **population as of**: 2012
- **population rank**: List of Brazilian states by population, 22nd
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: List of Brazilian states by population density, 5th
- **population demonym**: Sergipano
- **demographics type1**: Gross domestic product, GDP
- **demographics1 title1**: Year
- **demographics1 info1**: 2006 estimate
- **demographics1 title2**: Total
- **demographics1 info2**: R$ 15,126,000,000 (List of Brazilian states by gross domestic product, 21st)
- **demographics1 title3**: Per capita
- **demographics1 info3**: R$ 7,560 (List of Brazilian states by gross domestic product, 16th)
- **demographics type2**: Human Development Index, HDI
- **demographics2 title1**: Year
- **demographics2 info1**: 2005
- **demographics2 title2**: Category
- **demographics2 info2**: 0.742 – <span style="color:#fc0">medium</span> (List of Brazilian states by Human Development Index, 20th)
- **timezone1**: Time in Brazil, BRT
- **utc offset1**: -3
- **timezone1 dst**: Time in Brazil, BRST
- **utc offset1 dst**: -2
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:BR, BR-SE
- **postal code type**: Postal Code
- **postal code**: 49000-000 to 49990-000
- **website**: [http://www.se.gov.br/ se.gov.br]
Emily Donelson

**Emily Tennessee Donelson** (June 1, 1807 – December 19, 1836) was the niece of President of the United States Andrew Jackson.  She acted as an unofficial First Lady of the United States from 1829 to 1836.

Emily Tennessee Donelson was born in Donelson, Tennessee. Her father’s name was John Donelson. He was the brother of Rachel Donelson Jackson. Rachel Donelson Jackson later on married Andrew Jackson, the President. She studied at Nashville Female Academy in Nashville, Tennessee. She was a bright student and she got a very good education. At the age of seventeen, she married Andrew Jackson Donelson, called in short as A. J. Donelson.

With her husband, she came to the White House in 1829. At that time, she was just 21 years old. Her husband A. J. Donelson served as a secretary to the President Jackson. Her first months at the White House marked the mourning for the death of Rachel Donelson Jackson. The period of mourning ended when Emily gave a party at the White House on 1 January 1830.

She continued to act as the First Lady for few years.  She left the White House for some time. But, she returned again on the 5th September 1831. On 26 November 1834 Sarah Yorke Jackson, the President's daughter in law arrived at the White House. She also started to act as the First lady. It was the only time in the history of USA that two women acted at the same time as the First Lady.

In 1836, Emily’s health became very weak. She was suffering from tuberculosis. In June 1836 she left the White House to recover and rest _Tulip Grove_, her plantation. She could not recover and died on the 19 December 1836.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Emily Donelson
- **image**: Emily Donelson.jpg
- **office**: Acting First Lady of the United States
- **president**: Andrew Jackson
- **term start**: March 4, 1829
- **term end**: November 26, 1834
- **predecessor**: Louisa Adams
- **successor**: Sarah Yorke Jackson, Sarah Jackson (acting)
- **birth place**: Donelson, Tennessee, U.S.
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **death cause**: Tuberculosis
- **education**: Nashville Female Academy
- **children**: 4
Letitia Christian Tyler

**Letitia Christian Tyler** (November 12, 1790 – September 10, 1842) was the first wife of John Tyler, the tenth President of the United States. She was the First Lady of the United States from 1841 until her death in 1842.

## Life

Letitia Christian Tyler was born at her family’s plantation in Virginia. She could not get any formal education. But she learned to manage the plantation and raise a family.
She married John Tyler on 29 March 1813. The day was the twenty-third birthday of John Tyler. The couple had eight children. Out of the eight, one died very young.

After 1839, she fell ill. When John Tyler became president, Letitia Tyler was very sick. She was confined to her invalid’s chair. She lived in a second-floor room of the White House. She could not take part in social activities, but she looked after other affairs of the household.

She died on 10 September 1842. She was the first President's wife to die in the White House. Her picture also appears on a postage stamp issued by the Isle of Man Post Office  in her honor. After her death, Priscilla Cooper Tyler became the First Lady.

## Infobox (_officeholder)

- **name**: Letitia Christian Tyler
- **image**: Letitia Tyler.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **birth place**: Tidewater region of Virginia, Tidewater, Virginia, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., United States, U.S.
- **order**: First Lady of the United States
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: April 4, 1841
- **term end**: September 10, 1842
- **president**: John Tyler
- **predecessor**: Jane Irwin Harrison
- **successor**: Priscilla Cooper Tyler
- **order2**: Second Ladies and Gentlemen of the United States, Second Lady of the
United States
- **term start2**: March 4, 1841
- **term end2**: April 4, 1841
- **predecessor2**: Floride Calhoun
- **successor2**: Sophia Nicklin Dallas
- **spouse**: John Tyler
Julia Gardiner Tyler

**Julia Tyler** (born **Julia Gardiner Tyler**; May 4 or July 29, 1820 –  July 10, 1889) was the second wife of John Tyler, the tenth President of the United States. She was the First Lady of the United States from June 26, 1844 to March 4, 1845.

## Family

Her parents were Juliana McLachlan and David Gardiner. Her parents belonged to a famous and wealthy family of New York. From her childhood, Juliana got training to move in high society. When she was just a girl of 15, she went to tour Europe with her family. There she saw a social life of much glamour. In late 1842, she along with her parents went to Washington DC. In Washington DC, she attracted the attention of several men. One of them was President Tyler, a widower since September 10 1842.

## Marriage

In 1843, Julia, her sister, and their father joined the President Tyler on a tour on a steam naval ship. During the tour a huge naval gun exploded, killing her father. The President Tyler comforted her. He also got her consent for a secret engagement. Marriage took place on 26th June 1844. When the news was announced, it attracted interest and publicity. Some people also criticized it as the President Tyler was 30 years older than Julia.

## Role as the First Lady

Her role as the First Lady was very decent and charming for the guests. After her husband’s term ended as the president, they retired to their home at Sherwood Forest Plantation in Virginia. The President got seven more children from her. He was already having eight children with his first wife. There her husband died on 18th January 1862. In the meanwhile, the American Civil War had broken out. She had to move to New York as a refugee. She also faced monetary problems.

## Last years

In 1870, the US Congress granted a pension of US$1,200 a year to Mary Lincoln, widow of Abraham Lincoln. In 1880, Julia could also get a pension of the same amount. After Garfield's assassination, the US Congress granted a pension of same amount of US$5,000 a year to all the widows of the presidents. They were Lucretia Garfield, Mrs. Lincoln, Sarah Childress Polk, and Mrs. Tyler.

Mrs. Tyler spent her last years comfortably in Richmond, Virginia. She died there on 10th July 1889.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Julia Tyler
- **image**: Julia Tyler.jpg
- **caption**: White House portrait, 1844
- **office**: First Lady of the United States
- **president**: John Tyler
- **term label**: In role
- **termend**: March 4, 1845
- **termstart**: June 26, 1844
- **predecessor**: Priscilla Cooper Tyler
- **successor**: Sarah Childress Polk
- **birth date**: May 4, 1820 or July 29, 1820
- **birth place**: Gardiners Island, New York, U.S.
- **death date**: July 10, 1889 (aged 68 or 69)
- **death place**: Richmond, Virginia, U.S.
- **resting place**: Hollywood Cemetery
- **children**: 7, including David Gardiner Tyler, John Alexander Tyler and Lyon Gardiner Tyler
- **parents**: David Gardiner (politician), David Gardiner
Juliana MacLachlan
- **signature**: Julia Tyler Signature.svg
Newsround

***Newsround*** is a television programme for children.  It talks about the news and gives information about things that are happening at the moment.  It is shown on the channels BBC One, CBBC channel and the BBC World News.

## The past

_Newsround_ used to be called _John Craven's Newsround_ before the presenter called John Craven left in 1989. _Newsround_ started on 4 April 1972 and is still going on today.

## Other websites

- The _Newsround_ website
Lancelot

**Sir Lancelot** was a character in the legend of King Arthur, and was a Knight of the Round Table. Sir Lancelot of the Lake was one of the most trusted knights of King Arthur's Round Table, but this soon changed when he fell in love with the king's wife, Queen Guinevere. He was raised by the Lady of the Lake, hence his title Lancelot Du Lac. Sir Lancelot was the only knight known to defeat King Arthur during a jousting match. He is also known briefly as the father of Sir Galahad, the greatest knight of all Camelot.
He was a Red Cross Knight, which meant that he was one of the knights who was in the quest to find the Holy Grail.

## Related pages

- Courtly love
Sun bear

The **sun bear** (_Ursus malayanus_ or _Helarctos malayanus_) is a bear living in Southeast Asia.

## Appearance

The sun bear is the smallest bear. It has short black fur, and a yellow spot on its chest. Its ears are small and round. It has big feet with naked soles and long claws, which help the sun bear with climbing. It can climb very well. It cannot see very well, but its sense of smell is very good.

## Life

Sun bears mostly live in tropic rainforests. They are mostly active at night, and they stay in trees a lot of the time.

It eats a lot of different things: fruit and other plants, eggs, honey and insects. They also eat small vertebrate animals, like reptiles, birds and mammals.

After a pregnancy of 96 days the female gives birth to 1-2 babies. Young sun bears become mature when they are 3-4 years old. Sun bears can become up to 28 years old when in captivity (held by humans, e.g. in zoos).

Sun bears do not hibernate.

## Other websites

- Sun bear by BearPlanet
Priscilla Cooper Tyler

**Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper Tyler** (June 14, 1816 – December 29, 1889) was the daughter-in-law of John Tyler. John Tyler was the tenth President of the United States. She acted as the First Lady of the United States from September 10, 1842 to June 26, 1844 upon the death of John’s first wife, Letitia Tyler.

## Birth

Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper was born in New York City.  Her father’s name was Thomas Apthorpe Cooper. Cooper was a successful stage actor and producer.  Priscilla Cooper’s mother was Mary Fairlee Cooper.  At the age of 17 Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper started to work as an actress. Her father became very successful, and the family lived in a big house on Broadway theatre. But, in the Panic of 1837, the family suffered great losses. Sometimes, they only had radishes and strawberries to eat.

## Marriage

She met her future husband Robert Tyler while performing in a play in Richmond, Virginia. They became closer and their marriage took place on 12th September 1839. John Tyler, his father in law, was a US Senator. She received a nice welcome at her husband’s home. Her father in law became the Vice President after 1840 presidential election.  But, the President William Henry Harrison dies just after one month of becoming the President of the United States. After this, John Tyler became the President.

## First Lady

Letitia Tyler, wife of the President John Tyler was a semi-invalid lady. Therefore, the President asked Priscilla to assist Letitia in her duties as the First Lady. Letitia died on September 10, 1842. After Letitia’s death, Priscilla became the First Lady. People of her time has described Priscilla as attractive and intelligent.

## After First Lady

In 1844, Robert Tyler moved to Philadelphia along with his wife, Priscilla. Priscilla passed her duties to the President's daughter Letitia Tyler Semple.

Robert Tyler and Priscilla lived in Philadelphia for 16 years. Robert worked as a lawyer. In 1861, American Civil War broke out. They declared their loyalty to the Confederate States of America. They moved to Richmond. In Richmond, Robert worked as the register of the Confederate Treasury. After the American Civil War, Robert became the editor of the _Mail and Advertiser_ newspaper in Montgomery, Alabama.  He died in 1877. Priscilla remained in Montgomery after Robert's death. She died in Montgomery in 1889.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Priscilla Cooper Tyler
- **image**: Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper Tyler.jpg
- **office**: Acting First Lady of the United States
- **president**: John Tyler
- **term start**: September 10, 1842
- **term end**: June 26, 1844
- **term label**: In role
- **predecessor**: Letitia Christian Tyler, Letitia Tyler
- **successor**: Julia Gardiner Tyler, Julia Tyler
- **birth name**: Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.
- **children**: 8
Eliza McCardle Johnson

**Eliza McCardle Johnson** (October 4, 1810 – January 15, 1876) was the first lady of the United States and the wife of Andrew Johnson, the 17th president of the United States from 1865 to 1869. She previously served as Second Lady from March to April 1865.

## Early life

She was born in Telford, Tennessee. She was the only child of John McCardle, a shoemaker, and Sarah Phillips-McCardle. Eliza lost her father when she was still a small child.  She was raised by her widowed mother in Greeneville, Tennessee. One day in September 1826, Eliza was chatting with classmates from Rhea Academy when she spotted Andrew Johnson and his family pull into town with all their belongings.

## Marriage

Andrew Johnson, aged 18, married Eliza McCardle, aged 16, on May 17, 1827, at the home of the bride's mother in Greeneville. Mordecai Lincoln, a distant relative of Abraham Lincoln, presided over the nuptials.

## Children

The Johnsons had three sons and two daughters, all born in Greeneville:
- Martha Johnson (1828–1901)
- Charles Johnson (1830–1863)
- Mary Johnson (1832–1883)
- Robert Johnson (1834–1869)
- Andrew Johnson, Jr. (1852–1879)

## First Lady

She supported her husband in his political career, but had tried to avoid public appearances. During the American Civil War, Confederate authorities ordered her to evacuate her home in Greeneville; she took refuge in Nashville, Tennessee.

A few months later after her husband became president, she joined him in the White House, but she was not able to serve as First Lady due to her poor health. She remained confined to a room on the second floor, leaving the social chores to her daughter (Martha Johnson Patterson).  Mrs. Johnson appeared publicly as First Lady on only two occasions - at a reception for Queen Emma of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1866 and at the president's birthday party in 1867.

## Death

After episodes of "consumption" (tuberculosis), Eliza died on January 15, 1876, at the of age 65 in Greeneville, Tennessee. She survived her husband by five and a half months.

## Other websites

- Eliza Johnson on Find-A-Grave
- The White House Web Site
- National First Ladies' Library

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Eliza McCardle Johnson
- **image**: Mrs-E-Johnson.jpg
- **birth name**: Eliza McCardle
- **birth place**: Telford, Tennessee, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Greeneville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **order**: First Lady of the United States
- **term start**: April 15, 1865
- **term end**: March 4, 1869
- **term label**: In role
- **president**: Andrew Johnson
- **predecessor**: Mary Todd Lincoln
- **successor**: Julia Grant
- **order2**: Second Lady of the United States
- **term start2**: March 4, 1865
- **term end2**: April 15, 1865
- **term label2**: In role
- **predecessor2**: Ellen Vesta Emery Hamlin
- **successor2**: Ellen Maria Colfax
- **spouse**: Andrew Johnson
- **signature**: Eliza Johnson Signature.svg
Rose Cleveland

**Rose Elizabeth Cleveland** (June 13, 1846 − November 22, 1918), was the acting First Lady of the United States from 1885 to 1886, during the first of her brother U.S. President Grover Cleveland's two administrations.

## Early life

Rose Elizabeth Cleveland was born in Fayetteville, New York, on June 14, 1846. Known to her family as "Libby", Rose was the youngest of nine children born to Reverend Richard Falley Cleveland and Ann Neal Cleveland. In 1853 the family moved to Holland Patent, New York, where her father was settled as pastor of the Presbyterian church, and where he died that same year. Rose  was 7 at the time of her father's death. She stayed in Holland Patent to care for her widowed mother. Grover Cleveland, Rose's elder brother, was 16 years old at the time.

## White House years

When her elder brother, Grover Cleveland, won the election to the twenty-second presidency of the United States, Rose became First Lady and lived in the White House for two years, she stood by her brother as First Lady during his inauguration, and his two initial bachelor years in the White House.

During her early tenure as First Lady, Rose received front-page treatment from the New York Times about her appearance during her second reception at the White House.  The Times reported that Miss Cleveland, Wore a dress of black satin, with entire overdress of Spanish lace. The satin bodice was cut low and sleeveless, and the transparent lace revealed the shoulders and arms. Rose Cleveland did not completely fit into Washington high society during her tenure as first lady. It is said that," Rose Cleveland was a bluestocking, more interested in pursuing scholarly endeavors than in entertaining cabinet wives and foreign dignitaries."  Rose was an intellectual, and she preferred to lecture rather than entertain, but she made sure to perform her duties as First Lady as a favor to her brother.

Later on President Cleveland married Frances Cleveland. Rose resigned as the First Lady, and started her career in the field of education.

## Death

She died on November 22, 1918 in Bagni di Lucca, Italy, from the Spanish flu. She is buried in Bagni di Lucca.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rose Cleveland
- **image**: Rose Cleveland.jpg
- **birth name**: Rose Elizabeth Cleveland
- **birth place**: Buffalo, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Bagni di Lucca, Italy
- **occupation**: First Lady of the United States
- **order2**: First Lady of the United States, Acting First Lady of the United States
- **president2**: Grover Cleveland
- **term start2**: March 4, 1885
- **term end2**: June 2, 1886
- **term label2**: In role
- **predecessor2**: Mary McElroy
- **successor2**: Frances Folsom Cleveland, Frances Cleveland
- **relations**: Grover Cleveland (brother)
Project Gutenberg

**Project Gutenberg** (PG) is an online project that offers a digital archive of copyright-free e-books in the public domain. It was started in 1971 by Michael S. Hart. The purpose of the Project is to collect in and make available cultural work (like books) using computers. These are generally free and may be used on most computers. The project gets its name from Johannes Gutenberg, a German publisher who made the first European printing press in 1439.

As Project Gutenberg continued to grow, in 2000, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, Inc. was created. It is a non-profit organization with main office in Mississippi, United States.

## Other websites

- Official website
Cupertino, California

**Cupertino** is a small city in Silicon Valley in the U.S. state of California. According to the 2020 census, Cupertino has a population of 60,381. The headquarters of Apple Computer is in Cupertino.

## Sister cities

- Copertino, Apulia, Italy
- Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Toyokawa, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
- Bhubaneswar, India

## Other websites

- _Cupertino Courier_
- Cupertino Union School District
- Cupertino's name and history  (PDF)
- Fremont Union High School District official site
- Cupertino Veterans Memorial Park

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Cupertino
- **settlement type**: City
- **image flag**: Flag of Cupertino, California.svg
- **image seal**: Seal of Cupertino, California.svg
- **image map**: Santa Clara County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Cupertino Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Santa Clara County, California, Santa Clara County and the state of California
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: California
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name2**: Santa Clara County, California, Santa Clara
- **subdivision type3**: Region
- **subdivision name3**: San Francisco Bay Area
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: October 10, 1955
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 29.34
- **area total sq mi**: 11.33
- **area land km2**: 29.34
- **area land sq mi**: 11.33
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area water percent**: 0.01
- **elevation m**: 72
- **elevation ft**: 236
- **population total**: 60381
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 95014, 95015
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area codes
- **area code**: Area codes 408 and 669, 408/669
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature IDs
- **blank1 info**: ,
The A-Team

***The A-Team*** is an American action television series which ran from January 23, 1983 to March 8, 1987. It is set in Los Angeles. It is about four former US Army commandos who are running from the military (who think that the commandos committed a crime that they did not) and make money by helping people with their problems.

## Cast and characters

- George Peppard as Col. John "Hannibal" Smith - The leader of the A-Team. He was a master of disguise and makes the plans for the team, though they do not always work the way they were supposed to.
- Dirk Benedict as Lt. Templeton "Faceman" Peck (called "Face" most of the time) - The con man of the team, he was very good at getting the things the team needed.
- Mr. T as Sgt. Bosco "B.A." Baracus - Known for his Mohawk hairstyle, gold jewelry, and fear of flying, he handled much of the hand-to-hand fighting. He also built the various machines the team needed for their mission.
- Dwight Schultz as Capt. Hector M. "Howling Mad" Murdock - The team's pilot. He often says strange things in strange ways, so many people think he is crazy (when not working with the A-Team, he stays at a mental hospital).
Philadelphia (movie)

***Philadelphia*** is a 1993 American drama movie starring Tom Hanks and Denzel Washington. It is about Andrew Beckett (Hanks), a gay lawyer who has AIDS. The people he works with find out and fire him. He thinks this is unfair and hires another lawyer (Washington) who does not like gay people.
Forrest Gump

***Forrest Gump*** is a 1994 American epic comedy-drama romance movie. It is based on the 1986 book of the same name by Winston Groom. **Forrest Gump** is the main character of both the movie and book. The movie earned much money in theaters. It earned $677 million worldwide during its theatrical run. It earned more money than any other movie in North America that year. The movie was nominated for a total of 13 Academy Awards. It won six of these, including Best Picture, Best Visual Effects, Best Director (Robert Zemeckis), and Best Actor (Tom Hanks).

The Forrest Gump is renowned for its timeless storytelling, iconic characters, and Oscar-winning excellence. Tom Hanks' portrayal of Forrest Gump in an American historical journey, coupled with innovative visuals and social commentary, continues to resonate with audiences.

The movie is set in Alabama. It tells the story of a man with an IQ of 75 and his epic journey through life. It tells about him meeting historical people, affecting popular culture and being a part of historic events. While all this happened, Forrest does not know the importance of the events were because of his naiveté and much lower than average intelligence. There are many differences between the story in the movie and the story in the novel.

## Awards

The movie won six Academy Awards: Best Picture, Director, Actor, Visual Effects, Film Editing and Adapted Screenplay. The film was nominated for an additional six Academy Awards, including Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Gary Sinise as Lieutenant Dan. The other nominations were for Best Cinematography, Art Direction, Sound Editing, Makeup, Original Score and Sound Mixing. At the Golden Globes the film won for Best Motion Picture in the Drama Category, Best Direction of a Motion Picture and Best performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture and was nominated for Best Original Score, Best Supporting Actor, Best Supporting Actress and Best Screenplay. The movie has a 71 percent rating on the website Rotten Tomatoes with 40 positive and 16 negative reviews. The audience gave the film a rating of 4.1 out of 5 on the website with 93% of the audience liking the film.

## Cast

- Tom Hanks as Forrest Gump
- Robin Wright as Jenny Curran
- Gary Sinise as Lieutenant Dan Taylor
- Mykelti Williamson as Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue
- Sally Field as Mrs. Gump

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Forrest Gump
- **director**: Robert Zemeckis
- **producer**: Wendy Finerman
Steve Tisch
Charles Newirth
- **writer**: **Screenplay:**
Eric Roth
**Novel:**
Winston Groom
- **starring**: Tom Hanks
Robin Wright Penn, Robin Wright
Gary Sinise
Mykelti Williamson
Sally Field
Haley Joel Osment
- **music**: Alan Silvestri
- **editing**: Arthur Schmidt
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
- **released**: July 6, 1994
- **runtime**: 141 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $55,000,000
- **gross**: $677,387,716