juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John Charles Haines

**John Charles Haines** (May 26, 1818 – July 4, 1896) served as mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1858–1860) for the Democratic Party.

Haines was born on May 26, 1818 in Deerfield, New York. Haines died on July 4, 1896 in Waukegan, Illinois, aged 78.

## Other websites

- Inaugural Address
- Inaugural Address

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Charles Haines
- **birth date**: May 26, 1818
- **birth place**: Deerfield, New York, Deerfield, New York (state), New York, United States
- **death place**: near Waukegan, Illinois, United States
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 20th
- **term start**: 1858
- **term end**: 1860
- **predecessor**: John Wentworth
- **successor**: John Wentworth
- **party**: United States Democratic Party, Democratic Party
John Wentworth

**John Wentworth** (March 5, 1815 – October 16, 1888) was an American politician. He was the Mayor of Chicago two times.

Wentworth was born on March 5, 1815 in Sandwhich, New Hampshire. He studied at Dartmouth College. He was married to Roxanna Marie Loomis. Wentworth died on October 16, 1888 in Chicago, Illinois, aged 73.

## Other websites

- John Wentworth, "First Inaugural Address", Chicago Public Library
- John Wentworth, "Second Inaugural Address", Chicago Public Library

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Wentworth
- **image**: Long John Wentworth picture.jpg
- **birth place**: Sandwich, New Hampshire, U.S.
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **state**: Illinois
- **district**: Illinois's 1st congressional district, 1st
- **term start**: 1865
- **term end**: 1867
- **predecessor**: Isaac N. Arnold
- **successor**: Norman B. Judd
- **state2**: Illinois
- **district2**: Illinois's 2nd congressional district, 2nd
- **term start2**: 1853
- **term end2**: 1855
- **predecessor2**: Willis Allen
- **successor2**: James Hutchinson Woodworth, James H. Woodworth
- **state3**: Illinois
- **district3**: Illinois's 4th congressional district, 4th
- **term start3**: 1843
- **term end3**: 1851
- **predecessor3**: District created
- **successor3**: Richard S. Molony
- **office4**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order4**: 19th
- **term start4**: 1857
- **term end4**: 1858
- **predecessor4**: Thomas Dyer
- **successor4**: John Charles Haines
- **office5**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order5**: 21st
- **term start5**: 1860
- **term end5**: 1861
- **predecessor5**: John Charles Haines
- **successor5**: Julian Sidney Rumsey
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (1843–1855)
 Republican Party (United States), Republican (1857)
- **spouse**: Roxanna Marie Loomis
Mike Honda

**Michael Makoto Honda** (born June 27, 1941), also known as **Mike Honda**, is an American politician. He was the U.S. Representative for the 17th District of California until 2017 when he lost to Democrat Ro Khanna.

## Early life

Honda was born in Walnut Grove, California in 1941.  He is the son of Japanese American parents.  He calls himself _Sansei_, which means that he is the grandson of people born in Japan who immigrated to the US.

## Other websites

- Congressman Mike Honda at US House website
- Mike Honda at Peace Corps
Fred A. Busse

**Fred Busse** (March 3, 1866 – July 9, 1914) was the mayor of Chicago, in the U.S. state of Illinois, from 1907 to 1911.

Busse was born on March 3, 1866 in Chicago, Illinois. He was secretly married to Josephine Lee from 1902 until his death in 1914. Busse died on July 9, 1914 in Chicago, Illinois from a heart disease, aged 48.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Fred A. Busse
- **image**: Busse2.jpg
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **resting place**: Graceland Cemetery, Uptown, Chicago, Uptown, Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 39th
- **term start**: 1907
- **term end**: 1911
- **predecessor**: Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne
- **successor**: Carter Harrison, Jr.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Josephine Lee (1902-1914)
Julian Sidney Rumsey

**Julian Sidney Rumsey** (April 3, 1823 – April 20, 1886) served as mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1861–1862) for the Republican Party.

Rumsey was born on April 3, 1823 in Batavia, New York. Rumsey died on April 20, 1886 in Chicago, Illinois, aged 63.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Julian Rumsey
- **image**: Julianrumsey.jpeg
- **birth place**: Batavia, New York, Batavia, New York (state), New York
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 22nd
- **term start**: 1861
- **term end**: 1862
- **predecessor**: John Wentworth
- **successor**: Francis Cornwall Sherman, Francis C. Sherman
- **party**: United States Republican Party, Republican
Doris Matsui

**Doris Okada Matsui** (born September 25, 1944) is an American politician.  She is the U.S. Representative for the 5th District of California.

## Early life

Doris Okada Matsui comes from a Japanese-American family. After the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, the Okada family was interned in Arizona where Doris was born.

She grew up on a farm in California.  She is the daughter of Japanese American parents.  She is _Sansei_, which means that she is the granddaughter of people born in Japan who immigrated to the US.

In 1966, she married Robert Matsui, who would become the first _Sansei_ from the U.S. mainland elected to the US Congress.

## Other websites

- Congresswoman Doris Matsui at US House website
Robert Matsui

**Robert Takeo Matsui** (September 17, 1941–January 1, 2005) was an American Democratic politician.  He was the U.S. Representative for the 5th District of California. He was in office from 1979 until his death. His wife, Doris Matsui, replaced him.

Matsui was born in Sacramento, California.  He comes from a Japanese-American family. He is _Sansei_, which means that he is the grandson of people born in Japan who immigrated to the US.

After the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, the Matsui family was interned Tule Lake War Relocation Center in 1942.

At the University of California, Berkeley, Matsui earned a BA in political science in 1963.  He graduated from Hastings College of Law in 1966.

Matsui was the second Japanese American from the U.S. mainland elected to the US Congress.  Also, he was the first _Sansei_ congressman.

Matsui died of pneumonia caused by myelodysplastic syndrome on January 1, 2005 at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland at the age of 63.

## Other websites

- Doris Matsui
Francis Fukuyama

**Francis Fukuyama** (born October 27, 1952) is an American political scientist and author, who is most known for his widely discussed book _The End of History and the Last Man_ was published in 1992, in which thesis of a post-Cold War.

He was born in Chicago, Illinois, United States. He earned his Ph.D in political science from Harvard University.

## Other websites

- Francis Fukuyama's home page at Stanford University

## Infobox (philosopher)

- **image**: Francis Fukuyama 2015 (cropped).jpg
- **alt**: image from BloggingHeads.tv podcast
- **caption**: Fukuyama in 2015
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S
- **institutions**: George Mason University
Johns Hopkins University
Stanford University
- **main interests**: Developing nations
Governance
International political economy
Nation-building and democratization
Strategic and security issues
- **notable ideas**: End of history
- **influences**: Aristotle, Friedrich Nietzsche, C. S. Lewis, Allan Bloom, Hegel, Samuel P. Huntington, Alexandre Kojève, Harvey Mansfield, Leo Strauss, Seymour Martin Lipset
Har HaMenuchot

**Har HaMenuchot** (), also known as **Givat Shaul Cemetery** is the second largest cemetery in Jerusalem. It is located on the western edge of Jerusalem. It opened in 1951 after the Mount of Olives cemetery was captured by Jordan in 1948.  The mountain is 750 meters above the sea level and next to Jerusalem Forest.

## Other websites

- Burial in Jerusalem: The Har Menuchos Cemetery

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount of Rest
- **other name**: **Hebrew:** __
- **photo**: WikiAir IL-13-06 019 - Har HaMenuchot.JPG
- **photo caption**: <small>view of Mount of Rest</small>
- **photo size**: 250
- **elevation m**: 750
- **map caption**: Judaean Mountains
Of the
- **label position**: right
- **listing**: Judaean Mountains
- **location**: Jerusalem
National Headquarters of the Israel Police

The **National Headquarters of the Israel Police** is the headquarters of the Israel Police. It was established during the British Mandate of Palestine in Tel Aviv and moved to Jerusalem shortly after the Israel declared independence in 1948. It was moved to the Russian Compound in Jerusalem. In 1951, a branch of the headquarters was opened in the Mandatory British Police building in Tel Aviv and in 1973 the headquarters was moved to a new building near Mount Scopus.

## Other websites

- Israel Police
Supreme Court of Israel

The **Supreme Court of Israel** () is the highest court of Israel. It is located in Jerusalem, in the neighbourhood of Givat Ram. After Israel was established in 1948, the Supreme Court was sitting in the Russian Compound in Jerusalem. In 1986, the government held a contest to build a new building for the court and in 1992 the supreme court was moved to a new building next to the Knesset.

Since 2017 Esther Hayut has been president of the Supreme Court.

## List of presidents

- Moshe Smoira (1948–1954)
- Yitzhak Olshan (1954–1965)
- Shimon Agranat (1965–1976)
- Yoel Zussman (1976–1980)
- Moshe Landau (1980–1982)
- Yitzhak Kahan (1982–1983)
- Meir Shamgar (1983–1995)
- Aharon Barak (1995–2006)
- Dorit Beinisch (2006–2012)
- Asher Grunis (2012–2015)
- Miriam Naor (2015–2017)
- Esther Hayut (since 2017)

## Other websites

- Israeli Judicial Authority
- Jewish Virtual Library: The Judicial Branch
Mark Takano

**Mark Allan Takano** (born December 10, 1960) is an American teacher and politician.

In November 2012, Takano was elected to the U.S. Representative for the 41st District of California.

## Early life

Takano was born in Riverside, California. He is the son of Japanese American parents.  He is _Sansei_, which means that he is the grandson of people born in Japan who immigrated to the US.

After the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, the Takano family was  relocated and interned from California to "War Relocation Camps" during World War II. He graduated from Harvard University in 1983.

## Career

Takano taught in public school for 23 years.

In March 2020, Takano endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders for President of the United States.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mark Takano
- **image**: Mark Takano 118th Congress.jpeg
- **alt**: Official portrait, 2023
- **office**: Ranking Member of the United States House Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House Veterans' Affairs Committee
- **term start**: January 3, 2023
- **predecessor**: Mike Bost
- **term label1**: Acting
- **term start1**: July 8, 2016
- **term end1**: January 3, 2017
- **predecessor1**: Corrine Brown
- **successor1**: Tim Walz
- **office2**: Chair of the United States House Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House Veterans' Affairs Committee
- **term start2**: January 3, 2019
- **term end2**: January 3, 2023
- **predecessor2**: Phil Roe (politician), Phil Roe
- **successor2**: Mike Bost
- **office3**: Member of the
United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives
from California
- **term start3**: January 3, 2013
- **predecessor3**: Jerry Lewis (California politician), Jerry Lewis (Redistricting)
- **constituency3**: (2013–2023)
  (2023–present)
- **birth name**: Mark Allan Takano
- **birth place**: Riverside, California, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican (before 1983)
Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (1983–present)
- **education**: Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of California, Riverside, University of California,
Riverside (Master of Fine Arts, MFA)
Mount Zion

**Mount Zion** (, _Har Tsiyyon_; , _Jabel Sahyoun_) is a hill in the south-west corner of the Old City of Jerusalem. It is an extension of Temple Mount. There are a lot of churches and many little Christians and Jewish cemeteries in the area of Mount Zion. Half of the Mount Zion is in the Old City, in the Jewish and Armenian Quarters. The grave of King David is at the top of Mount Zion.

In the past there was a small cable car that connected the mountain to the valley below and the Old City. Today the cable car room is a museum inside an old hospital building.

## Other websites

- the Mount Zion Cable Car in the Gems in Israel website
- the Mount Zion Cable Car in mycountry israel website

## Other websites

- City of David

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount Zion
- **other name**: **Hebrew:** __
- **photo**: MtZion from Abu Tor.jpg
- **photo caption**: <small>view of Mount Zion</small>
- **photo size**: 250
- **elevation m**: 765
- **map caption**: Judaean Mountains
Of the
- **label position**: right
- **listing**: Judaean Mountains
- **location**: Jerusalem
Bev Oda

**Beverley Joan "Bev" Oda**, PC, MP (born July 27, 1944) is a Canadian teacher, television broadcaster and politician. She was the first Japanese-Canadian member of the House of Commons of Canada.

## Early life, education

Oda was born in Thunder Bay, Ontario. She was the daughter of Japanese Canadian parents. She was a _Sansei_, which means that she was the granddaughter of people born in Japan who immigrated to Canada.

Oda earned a degree from the University of Toronto.

## Career

Oda was the first Japanese-Canadian to be appointed a Cabinet Minister.  She was a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada.

## Other websites

- "Bev Oda quitting as MP and cabinet minister" at CBC
Vakkom Majeed

**Vakkom Majeed** (20 December 1909  – 10 July 2000) was an Indian freedom fighter, politician and a former member of the Travancore-Cochin State Assembly. He was born in Vakkom, Travancore, in the Madras Presidency of British India. He died in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: S. Abdul Majeed
- **image**: Vakkom majeed.jpg
- **caption**: Vakkom Majeed in 1980s
- **birth place**: Travancore Princely State, Madras Presidency, British Raj, British India
- **death place**: Vakkom, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, India
- **nationality**: Indian
- **other names**: Vakkom Majeed
- **party**: Indian National Congress
- **spouse**: Suleha Beevi (Late)
- **children**: Fathima
Najma (Late)
Shameema (Late)
- **parents**: Mohamed Beevi (Mother)
Syed Mohamed(Father)
Melissa McBride

**Melissa McBride** (born  May 23, 1965 near Lexington, Kentucky) is an American movie and TV actress and casting director. She has performed in many television programs and movies. She plays Carol Peletier in _The Walking Dead_.
David Tsubouchi

**David Tsubouchi** (born August 20, 1951) is a Canadian lawyer and politician.

## Early life

Tsubouchi was born in Toronto, Ontario. He is the son of Japanese Canadian parents. He is _Sansei_, which means that he is the grandson of people born in Japan who immigrated to Canada.

At York University, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1972 and a law degree in 1975.

## Career

Tsubouchi was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 to 2003. He is the first Japanese-Canadian to hold a cabinet position in a Canadian provincial government.

He is a member of the Board of Governors of York University.
Tweeter

A **tweeter** is a small or rather tiny loudspeaker. Tweeters are designed to reproduce high-pitched sounds (such as the sound of a whistle or a bird singing). It can mean sound's frequency going up to 20kHz. Humans can't hear frequencies larger than 20 000 Hz. Low frequencies would destroy small speakers because it is not designed to create larger movements. This is what a subwoofer is for, to play low frequencies.
RCA connector

An **RCA connector** (sometimes called a phono connector or cinch connector), is a type of electrical connector commonly used to carry audio and video signals. The yellow is for video, the white is for left stereo, and the red is for right stereo.
Preamplifier

**Preamplifier** is a type of electronic amplifier. It doesn't have enough power to feed speakers. Rather a preamplifier amplifies weak signals, for example from a microphone, for electronic processing or distribution.

Early preamplifiers used vacuum tubes. Since the 1960s, most electronic amplifiers have been built with transistors. Transistors are lighter, less expensive, and more reliable.

## Related pages

- Amplifier
Mauno Koivisto

**Mauno Koivisto** (25 November 1923 – 12 May 2017) was a Finnish politician. He was the ninth President of Finland and the 32nd Prime Minister of Finland.

## Early life

Koivisto was born in Turku. His family was not rich, his father was a carpenter building ships. His mother died when he was young. He finished school in young age, and took odd jobs. In Second world war Koivisto volunteered at the front. After the war he joined Social democratic party.

Koivisto studied in his adult age and became doctor of law in 1953.

## Prime Minister

In 1968 Koivisto become prime minister of Finland. He was very popular. His popularity helped him to become president in 1982 when Urho Kekkonen was too sick to continue. Koivisto won a second term in election.

## President

As a president, Koivisto continued line of Kekkonen and was careful to practice neutral policy. This meant that he was not too visibly anti-soviet or pro-soviet. During his time Finland changed constitution so that the president had less power than before.

## Death

Koivisto's health declined in December 2016 due to Alzheimer's disease and his wife Tellervo started as his caregiver.

In January 2017, Koivisto fell badly at his home and broke his hand, after which he moved to a nursing home. In May 2017, Koivisto was put in end-of-life care. Koivisto died on 12 May 2017 in Helsinki from complications of Alzheimer's disease, aged 93.

## Other websites

- Pictures

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Mauno Koivisto
- **order**: 9th President of Finland
- **nationality**: Finnish
- **image**: Mauno-Koivisto-1967.jpg
- **caption**: Koivisto in 1967
- **term start**: January 27, 1982
- **term end**: March 1, 1994
- **primeminister**: Kalevi Sorsa
Harri Holkeri
 Esko Aho
- **predecessor**: Urho Kekkonen
- **successor**: Martti Ahtisaari
- **order2**: 32nd Prime Minister of Finland
- **term start2**: May 26, 1979
- **term end2**: January 26, 1982
- **president2**: Urho Kekkonen
- **predecessor2**: Kalevi Sorsa
- **successor2**: Kalevi Sorsa
- **deputy2**: Eino Uusitalo
- **term start3**: March 3, 1968
- **term end3**: May 14, 1970
- **president3**: Urho Kekkonen
- **predecessor3**: Rafael Paasio
- **successor3**: Teuvo Aura
- **deputy3**: Johannes Virolainen
- **birth place**: Turku, Finland
- **death place**: Helsinki, Finland
- **children**: Assi Koivisto (born 1957)
- **signature**: Mauno Kovisto Signature.svg
- **party**: Social Democratic Party of Finland, Social Democratic Party
Kyösti Kallio

**Kyösti Kallio** (10 April 1873 - 19 December 1940) was the fourth President of Finland.

He was president from 1937 to 1940. He is the only Finnish president who did not have any higher education.

Kallio was born in Ylivieska. He died in Helsinki.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Kyösti Kallio
- **order**: 4th President of Finland
- **nationality**: Finnish
- **image**: President of Finland Kyösti Kallio.jpg
- **term start**: 1 March 1937
- **term end**: 19 December 1940
- **primeminister**: Aimo Kaarlo Cajander
Risto Ryti
- **predecessor**: Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
- **successor**: Risto Ryti
- **order2**: Prime Minister of Finland
- **term start2**: 7 October 1936
- **term end2**: 15 February 1937
- **predecessor2**: Toivo Mikael Kivimäki
- **successor2**: Aimo Cajander
- **term start3**: 16 August 1929
- **term end3**: 4 July 1930
- **predecessor3**: Oskari Mantere
- **successor3**: Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
- **term start4**: 31 December 1925
- **term end4**: 13 December 1926
- **predecessor4**: Antti Tulenheimo
- **successor4**: Väinö Tanner
- **term start5**: 14 November 1922
- **term end5**: 18 January 1924
- **predecessor5**: Aimo Cajander
- **successor5**: Aimo Cajander
- **birth place**: Ylivieska, Finland
- **death place**: Helsinki, Finland
- **party**: Centre Party (Finland), Agrarian League
- **signature**: KallioKyostiSignature.png
- **occupation**: Farmer, clerk, bank clerk
- **spouse**: Kaisa Nivala
- **children**: Vieno, Veikko, Kerttu, Kalervo, Kaino and Katri
- **caption**: Kallio in 1937
O Foxo, Silleda

**O Foxo** is a village in north-western Spain. It is in the parish of Silleda, in Pontevedra, Galicia. In 2007, it had a population of 54 people, 26 of them were men and 28 were women. This represents a decrease in the number of people over the year 2000. It was also the former capital of the county.

## Other websites

- Silleda municipal web site
- Silleda tourist web site

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: O Foxo
- **population as of**: 54
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Saimaa

**Saimaa** is the largest lake in Finland. It covers . The Vuoksi River flows from Saimaa to Laatokka. The cities nearby to Saimaa's beaches are Lappeenranta, Joensuu, Mikkeli, Imatra, Savonlinna and Varkaus.
Yonsei

**Yonsei** may mean:

- Yonsei (fourth-generation Nikkei), descendants of Japanese emigrant
- Yonsei University, a private university in Seoul
Colleen Hanabusa

**Colleen Wakako Hanabusa** (born May 4, 1951) is an American lawyer and politician. She was the U.S. Representative for the 1st District of Hawaii from 2011 to 2015 and again from 2016 to 2019.

## Early life

Colleen was born in Honolulu, Hawaii in 1951.  She is the daughter of Japanese American parents.  She calls herself _Yonsei_, which means that she is the great-granddaughter of people born in Japan who immigrated to the US.

## Other websites

- Congresswoman Colleen Hanabusa at U.S. House website
International Convention Center (Jerusalem)

The **International Convention Centre** of Jerusalem (, ), also called: **Binyenei HaUma** ( - Buildings of the nation) is the main convention center in Jerusalem and the central auditorium of Israel.

## Other websites

- International Convention Center (Jerusalem) - official website
Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan

The **Football Federation of Azerbaijan (AFFA)** () is the governing body of football in Azerbaijan. It organizes the football league, Azerbaijani Premier League, and the Azerbaijani national football team. It is based in Baku.

## Other websites

- Football Federation of Azerbaijan
Argleton

**Argleton** was a place name of a village that did not exist. It was a phantom settlement that was shown on Google Maps. It was located in the parish of Aughton, Lancashire.  An employee of Edge Hill University noticed this in 2008, and could show that at the location, there are only empty fields.

Some people have suggested that Google added a fake village to Google Maps on purpose to catch out other people in case they plagiarised their work. However, other people have suggested that Google Maps just made a mistake. Argleton had been removed from Google Maps by May 2010.
Sadao Munemori

**Sadao Munemori** (born August 17, 1922-April 5, 1945) was a United States Army soldier.  He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

## Early life

Munemori was born in Los Angeles, California to Japanese immigrant parents. He is a _Nisei_, which means that he is a second generation Japanese-American.

During World War II, Munemori's parents and siblings were interned at the Manzanar concentration camp.

## Soldier

Two months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, he joined the US Army.

Munemori volunteered to be part of the all-_Nisei_ 100th Infantry Battalion.  This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

For his actions in April 1945, he was the only Japanese American to be awarded the Medal of Honor during or immediately after World War II.

## Medal of Honor citation

Munemori’s Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in northern Italy in 1945.  Without help from others, he attacked two machine guns before smothering a grenade blast with his body.

The words of Munemori's citation explain:
> He fought with great gallantry and intrepidity near Seravezza, Italy. When his unit was pinned down by grazing fire from the enemy's strong mountain defense and command of the squad devolved on him with the wounding of its regular leader, he made frontal, one-man attacks through direct fire and knocked out two machine guns with grenades. Withdrawing under murderous fire and showers of grenades from other enemy emplacements, he had nearly reached a shell crater occupied by two of his men when an unexploded grenade bounced on his helmet and rolled toward his helpless comrades. He arose into the withering fire, dived for the missile and smothered its blast with his body. By his swift, supremely heroic action Pfc. Munemori saved two of his men at the cost of his own life and did much to clear the path for his company's victorious advance.

## Namesake

Sadao Munemori is the namesake of a part of the California highway system, a ship, a building and an American Legion post.
- Sadao S. Munemori Memorial Interchange between I-105 and I-405 highways in Los Angeles
- _USNS Private Sadao S. Munemori_ (T-AP-190), a troop ship
- Sadao S. Munemori Hall at the US Army Reserve Center in West Los Angeles
- Sadao Munemori American Legion Post 321 in Los Angeles

## Related pages

- List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
- List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients
- Posthumous recognition

## Other websites

- Image of Munemori Memorial Interchange in LA
- Image of statue of Munemori at Pietrasanto Italy
Vertical angles

In geometry, **vertical** angles relates to a linear slope on a graph. So if the equation is linear, you can tell because it will not have any exponents.
Kokeshi

***Kokeshi***  are traditional Japanese wooden dolls.

The dolls have a very simple shape: a head and a column-shaped body, with no arms or legs. The joint between the head and the body was made thin, so that a child could easily grasp it. _Kokeshi_ are traditionally hand-painted. Their faces are made with a few simple lines, and their bodies are often decorated with colorful patterns.

## History

The first _kokeshi_ were made in the Tōhoku region of Japan during the Edo period (1600–1868) and sold as souvenirs to people visiting the region’s hot springs. They were made by artisans called _kijishi_, who created the dolls’ unique shape by woodturning.

During the Taishō period (1912–1926), _kokeshi_ became less popular with children (due to more foreign toys now being available in Japan) and began to be appreciated more by adults as a type of folk art.

An all-Japan _kokeshi_ contest is held every year in May. Since 1954, the annual Prime Minister's prize has been awarded to the best work of creative _kokeshi_ makers.

## Types of _kokeshi_

There are more than 250 types of _kokeshi_.  Different types of _kokeshi_ come from different areas in Japan, mostly within the Tōhoku region. Since the end of World War II, a modern style of _kokeshi_ called “creative _kokeshi_” (創作こけし, _sōsaku-kokeshi_) have also become popular. These dolls can be designed, shaped, and painted in any way the artist likes.

#### Traditional _kokeshi_ types

- _This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it._

- , Iwate Prefecture
- , Miyagi Prefecture
- , Fukushima Prefecture
- , Aomori Prefecture

## Popularity of _kokeshi_

_Kokeshi_ are a cultural symbol of the Tōhoku region and a well-known example of Japanese folk art. The dolls are popular as souvenirs for tourists visiting Japan.

_Kokeshi_ inspired the design of Nintendo’s Mii avatars. Miis are digital characters with a simple design that can be customized by players.

## Other websites

- "32nd Michinoku Kokeshi Festival" at Destination Tohoku
- "_Kokeshi_" at Japanya.co.uk
Menorah (Temple)

The **menorah** was an ancient lamp that accompanied the Israelites during their wanderings through the desert and later sat in their Temple. It had seven branches (a center branch with three branches on each of its sides), and it was made of gold. Olive oil fed the menorah's flames. God commanded Moses to construct the menorah while Moses and the Israelites were wandering the desert (see Book of Numbers chapter 8).

The menorah is associated with miracles, such as the miracle of Hanukkah. During First Jewish-Roman War, the Romans destroyed the Temple and took its treasures, including the menorah. They took the menorah to Rome and displayed it throughout the city during a celebration of their victory over the Jewish rebels.

Today, the menorah is featured in the present state of Israel's coat of arms, and some Jewish places of worship contain replicas of the menorah. A nine-branch menorah is used during Hanukkah.
Bulguksa

**Bulguksa** is a temple of Korean Buddhism in Gyeongju in South Korea. It was designated as a historic site number 502 by Korean government. In 1995, Bulguksa was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.  It is known as one of the tourist attractions in Korea, where over 2 million people are visiting each year. It includes Dabotap(Korea's national treasure number 20) and Seokgatap(Korea's national treasure number 21), Cheongun-gyo(Blue Cloud Bridge, Korea's national treasure number 23) and Backun-gyo(White Cloud Bridge, Korea's national treasure number 23), and two gilt-bronze statues(Korea's national treasure number 26, 27) of Buddha.

## History

The temple was made in the Silla kingdom, the golden age of Buddhist art. According to Samguk yusa (Three Kingdoms of Korea's history book), the temple had begun to be constructed under King Kyeongdeok in 751 and completed in 774. Kim Daeseong, the Prime Minister of Silla, decided to construct this temple in order to cherish the memory of his parents. The name of the temple 'Bulguk' means the country of Buddha. He wanted to his parents live happily in the Buddha's country after they died.

Bulguksa has been reconstructed thoroughout history. Especially in the Japanese colonial era, it was damaged a lot and lost its valuable treasures. After the independence of the Republic of Korea, Korean government started to reconstruct and reorganize the temple.

## National Treasures in Bulguksa

**Dabotap and Seokgatap (Num 21, 22)**
Dabotap is well known for its feminine and sophisticated beauty. Its height is 10.4m and it is representative of Korea's unique pagodas.
Seokgatap is relatively simple and masculine compared to Dabotap. Its height is also 10.4, which makes Dabotap and Seokgatap the twin pagodas in Bulguksa.

**Chengun-gyo (Num 23)**
At the entrance of Bulguksa is Chengun-gyo. It is said that the bridge links the human world to the world of Buddhist. It is decorated with stones very beautifully and its structure is so solid that it can withstand earthquakes.

## References

- KOREA TOURISM ORGANIZATION 
- http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/736
- National treasure of Korea 

## Other websites

- Official Site of Korea Tourism Org : Bulguksa

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **whs**: Seokguram, Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple
- **image**: Lotus Flower Bridge and Seven Treasure Bridge at Bulguksa in Gyeongju, Korea.jpg
- **location**: Gyeongju, South Korea
- **criteria**: Cultural: i, iv
- **id**: 736
- **year**: 1995
- **locmapin**: South Korea


## Infobox (korean name)

- **rr**: Bulguksa
- **mr**: Pulguksa
Buckner Stith Morris

**Buckner Stith Morris** (August 19, 1800 – December 16, 1879) was an American politician. He was the Mayor of Chicago, Illinois from 1838 to 1839. He was a member of the Whig Party. He was in jail for 9 months because of war conflicts.

Morris was born on August 19, 1800 in Augusta, Kentucky. Morris was married to Evlina Barker until her death. Then he was married to Elize Stephenson until her death. Then he was married to M. E. Parrish until his death. He had three children. Morris died on December 16, 1879 in Chicago, Illinois from an illness, aged 79.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Buckner Stith Morris
- **image**: BSMorris.jpg
- **birth place**: Augusta, Kentucky
- **death place**: Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 2nd
- **term start**: 1838
- **term end**: 1839
- **predecessor**: William Butler Ogden
- **successor**: Benjamin Wright Raymond
- **party**: Whig Party (United States), Whig
- **spouse**: (her death)
  (her death),
 (his death)
- **children**: 3
- **profession**: Lawyer
Seoul Lantern Festival

The **Seoul Lantern Festival** () is a festival that takes place in Seoul, South Korea. It shows various themes through lanterns. It is hosted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government and is organized by the Seoul Tourism Organization. It has been celebrated every year since 2009. It has officially become an annual event. It is usually held from early in November and lasts 2 weeks.

In 2012, as 2.57 million people visited the festival, it gets to become the representative festival of Seoul.

## Other websites

- Official website  - with photographs of each theme
Vibraslap

The **vibraslap** is a percussion instrument. It is a modern version of the jawbone. Due to the fragile nature of the jawbone, the vibra-slap was created to provide a stronger alternative with a similar sound. It has been used mainly in popular music. Several rock bands have used this sound for the last decades of the 20th century and into the 21st century. It is also popular in Latin music.

The vibraslap is made of a cowbell-shaped hollow box (acting as a resonator) and a wooden ball connected by a steel rod. The steel rod is bent in an "L" shape that allows the performer to hold the rod in one hand and strike the ball with the palm of their other hand. The steel rod acts as a sort of spring that vibrates the box on the other end. The box acts as a resonating body for a metal mechanism placed inside with a number of loosely fastened pins or rivets that vibrate and rattle against the box, much like the teeth of the jawbone. The vibraslap is produced in a number of sizes using different materials such as wood, metal or composite materials.

The Vibra-Slap was the first patent granted to the instrument manufacturing company Latin Percussion.
The Vibra-Slap's inventor was Martin Cohen. It is sometimes sold as a "Donkey Call" or "Rattleslap".
Mercury poisoning

**Mercury poisoning** is a health disturbance caused by high levels of exposure to mercury.

Symptoms of mercury poisoning include pink colour in the cheeks, fingertips, and toes, swelling, unexplainable sweating, lots of saliva, fast heartbeat (tachycardia), high blood pressure (hypertension) and hair loss for some people. Mercury exposure happens most often through eating certain types of fish or via other ways.

The nasty property of mercury is that it accumulates (that is: piles up) in the food chain. A famous case of mass mercury poisoning is the Minamata case in Japan. Minamata is a fishing town at Kyushu island, Japan, and there was a chemical factory whose process used mercury. Some of the mercury went to waste water and in the sea. The algae (small water plants) absorbed the mercury, which were in turn eaten by small fish, and the small fish were eaten by bigger fish, which were then caught by the fishermen. The poisoning was first detected on the town cats, which ate the fish the fishermen had caught. The animal effects were severe enough in cats that they came to be named as having "dancing cat fever." But in the end the same happened to humans too as the fishermen and their families ate the same fish. The mercury had accumulated in the food chain and in the end poisoned the apex predators (cats and humans). The poisoning and resulting deaths of both humans and animals continued for 36 years, while the company and the Kumamoto prefectural government did little to prevent the epidemic.  In the end the epidemic was discovered and reported, the factory was sentenced to pay repairments to the people, and it changed the process into one where mercury was no more used. There have been no new poisonings after 1968 in Minamata.

## Infobox (medical condition)

- **name**: Mercury poisoning
- **synonyms**: Mercury toxicity, mercury overdose, mercury intoxication, hydrargyria, mercurialism
- **image**: Maximum thermometer close up 2.JPG
- **caption**: The bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer
- **field**: Toxicology
- **symptoms**: Muscle weakness, poor coordination, paraesthesia, numbness in the hands and feet
- **complications**: Kidney problems, decreased intelligence
- **causes**: Exposure to mercury (element), mercury
- **risks**: Consumption of fish, which may contain mercury
- **diagnosis**: Difficult
- **prevention**: Decreasing use of mercury, low mercury diet
- **medication**: **Acute poisoning**: dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), dimercaptopropane sulfonate (DMPS)
Students in Free Enterprise

**Students in Free Enterprise** (**SIFE**) is an international non-profit organization. It works with university students who want to change their communities positively and learn practical knowledge to become socially responsible business leaders. Students form teams in their campuses and use business model to make better the quality of life and standard of living for people in need.

## History

SIFE, was established in 1975 in the United States by Robert T. Davis. SIFE was originally a regional leadership training program attended by university students who taught their communities what they had learned. Eventually, these university students competed on the outcomes of their efforts.

## Operating system

More than 1,600 university campuses in 39 countries take part in SIFE's projects. SIFE gives these students the chance to develop leadership, teamwork and communication skills through learning, practicing and teaching the knowledge of free enterprise. SIFE Teams teach important concepts including market economics, entrepreneurship, personal and financial success, and business studies, their communities and their countries.

### Competitions

Each year, SIFE competitions are held worldwide, so called World Cup, with thousands of students and business leaders. Teams present their projects to judges who evaluate those projects and determine which teams had the most impact improving the quality of life and standard of living for members of their community.
Every country organizes a national competition to pick up national champion and give him a opportunity to compete at the World Cup.
The criterion is as follows:
**``Considering the relevant economic, social and environmental factors, which SIFE team most effectively empowered people in need by applying business and economic concepts and an entrepreneurial approach to improve their quality of life and standard of living.``**

## Partners

SIFE partners include corporations, organizations and individuals' foundations such as HSBC, PepsiCo, Unilever, DELL, Microsoft.

## Other websites

SIFE is now called Enactus. Here is the press release link - http://enactus.org/sife-changes-their-name-to-highlight-a-deep-commitment-to-entrepreneurial-action/#.W4mPFvmnGUk

- Previous  (no longer working)
- Current Official website
Chesapeake–Leopard Affair

The **Chesapeake–Leopard Affair** was a naval battle that took place off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia on June 22, 1807. The English warship  attacked and boarded the American . The British were looking for people who had deserted the Royal Navy. The commander of the American ship surrendered his vessel to the British. When he returned home, he was tried, and had to leave the military.

The _Chesapeake–Leopard Affair_ made many Americans angry. Some of them wanted to go to war with Great Britain, but most people did not. President Thomas Jefferson tried to use the anger to diplomatically threaten the British government into settling the matter. The United States Congress backed away from armed conflict when British diplomats showed that they felt they did nothing wrong in the matter. The diplomats also said that impressment would continue. Jefferson's political failure to solve the problem with Great Britain led him towards economic warfare: the Embargo of 1807.

## Further reading

- Perkins, Bradford. 1968. _Embargo: Alternative to W_ar (Chapter 8 from Prologue to War: England and the United States, 1805-1812, University of California Press, 1968) in _Essays on the Early Republic 1789-1815_. Leonard Levy, Editor. Dryden Press, 1974.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: _Chesapeake_–_Leopard_ Affair
- **image**: leopardchesapeake.jpg
- **caption**: (right) fires upon the
- **partof**: the Origins of the War of 1812, events leading to the War of 1812
- **date**: June 22, 1807
- **place**: off Norfolk, Virginia
- **result**: British victory
- **commander1**: Salusbury Pryce Humphreys
- **commander2**: James Barron
- **strength1**: 1 4th rate
- **strength2**: 1 frigate
- **casualties1**: none
- **casualties2**: 1 frigate damaged
4 killed
17 wounded
4 captured
Molecular cloning

**Molecular cloning** is a type of work in molecular biology. It is used to assemble **recombinant DNA** molecules, and to direct their replication within host organisms. The use of the word _cloning_ means a DNA molecule from a single living cell is used to make a large population of cells containing identical DNA molecules. Molecular cloning methods are central to many areas of modern biology and medicine.

Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for multiplying (replicating) the **recombinant DNA**.

In a molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is got from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to get smaller DNA fragments. These fragments are then joined with vector DNA to produce recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism (typically an easy-to-grow, benign, laboratory strain of _E. coli_ bacteria). This produces a population of organisms in which recombinant DNA molecules are replicated along with the host DNA. Because they contain foreign DNA fragments, these are "transgenic" or genetically-modified microorganisms (GMO).

This process takes advantage of the fact that a single bacterial cell can be induced to take up and replicate a single recombinant DNA molecule. This single cell can then be expanded exponentially to generate a large amount of bacteria, each of which contain copies of the original recombinant molecule. Thus, both the resulting bacterial population, and the recombinant DNA molecule, are commonly referred to as "clones". Strictly speaking, _recombinant DNA_ refers to DNA molecules, while _molecular cloning_ refers to the experimental methods used to assemble them.

## History

The idea of using molecular cloning to produce recombinant DNA was invented by Paul Berg, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1980, jointly with Walter Gilbert and Fred Sanger.
Tie clip

A **tie clip** is an Accessory.  It is to keep a necktie near a person's shirt.
Phone connector

A **phone connector** (also called **jack plug**, **stereoplug**) is an electrical plug that is used in audio systems. For example, it is used in electric guitar cables to connect the guitar to an amplifier. There are typically three different sizes of phone connectors: 6.3 mm, 3.5 mm and 2.5 mm diameters.

Balanced and unbalanced circuits are possible with stereoplug connector when using monosignal per one stereoplug. Sound quality improves with a balanced circuit because noise signal reduces, especially with microphones where the signal is often weak.

## Related pages

- XLR connector
Tokoname

is a Japanese city in Aichi Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

## History

Tokoname has been known for making ceramics since the 12th century.  The city is Japan's top producer of _Maneki Neko_.

## Geography

Tokoname is on the western coast of Chita Peninsula in southern Aichi Prefecture.

## Related pages

- Chūbu International Airport

## Other websites

- Tokoname City website 
- "Giant Maneki Neko....Tokoname Japan" at Panoramio
Avellino

**Avellino** is a city in southern Italy. It is capital of the province of Avellino.

## Museums

- National Gallery of selachoidei (Museum of sharks), Corso Umberto I, 131 and Via F. Petronelli, 8
- Museum of Art - MdAO, Via degli Imbimbo, 47
- Museum of the Cathedral and the Diocese of Avellino, Via 23 novembre
- Provincial Archaeological Museum, Corso Europa
- Provincial Art Gallery, in the “Carcere Borbonico”
- Zoological Museum of invertebrates "L. Carbone”, Corso Umberto I, 131
Benjamin Wright Raymond

**Benjamin Wright Raymond** (June 15, 1801 – April 6, 1883) was an American politician who twice served as mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1839–1840, 1842–1843) for the Whig Party.

Raymond was born on June 15, 1801 in Rome, New York. He studied at St. Lawrence Academy. Raymond was married to Amelia Porter from 1835 until his death in 1883. They had a son, George Lansing. Raymond died on April 6, 1883 in Chicago, Illinois from an illness, aged 81.

## Other websites

- 1842 Inaugural Address

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Benjamin Wright Raymond
- **image**: BWRaymond.jpg
- **birth place**: Rome, New York
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **office2**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 3rd
- **term start**: 1839
- **term end**: 1840
- **predecessor**: Buckner Stith Morris
- **successor**: Alexander Loyd
- **order2**: 6th
- **term start2**: 1842
- **term end2**: 1843
- **predecessor2**: Francis Cornwall Sherman
- **successor2**: Augustus Garrett
- **party**: Whig Party (United States), Whig
- **spouse**: (his death)
- **children**: George Lansing Raymond
Alexander Loyd

**Alexander Loyd** (August 19, 1805 – May 7, 1872) was an American politician. He served one term as Mayor of Chicago, Illinois from 1840 until 1841 for the Democratic Party.

Loyd was born on August 19, 1805 in Orange County, New York. He was raised in Chicago. He was married until her death. They had four children. Loyd died on May 7, 1872 in West Lyons, Illinois from heart failure, aged 66.

## Other websites

- Inaugural Address
- Grave at Rosehill Cemetery

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alexander Loyd
- **image**: Alexanderloyd.jpg
- **birth place**: Orange County, New York
- **death place**: Lyons, Illinois, West Lyons, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 4th
- **term start**: 1840
- **term end**: 1841
- **predecessor**: Benjamin Wright Raymond
- **successor**: Francis Cornwall Sherman
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: (her death)
- **children**: 4
Central Texas Council of Governments

|style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2||
| --- | --- |
|style="background:#e0e0e0;" align="center" colspan=2|**Location**|
|style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2||
|style="background:#e0e0e0;" align="center" colspan=2|**General Information**|
|**Established**|December 1968|
|**Number of Counties**|7|
|**Area (approx.)**|.|
|**Population**|374,518 (2000) 406,099 (2006) 449,641 (2010)|

The **Central Texas Council of Governments (CTCOG)** is a voluntary association of cities, counties and special districts in central Texas.

It is based in Belton, Texas the Central Texas Council of Governments is a member of the Texas Association of Regional Councils.

## Military community

Fort Hood is located in Bell and Coryell Counties and is the largest employer in the CTCOG region. The U.S. Census recognizes Fort Hood as a Census-Designated Place; in 2010 the Fort Hood CDP had 29,589 residents.

## Other websites

- Central Texas Council of Governments - Official site.