juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kyffhäuserkreis

**Kyffhäuserkreis** is a rural district in the northern part of Thuringia, Germany.

## History

In the 12th century there was a castle on the Kyffhäuser mountains, which was built during the reign of emperor Frederick I. According to the local legend, the emperor did not die, but instead went to sleep in this castle.

From 1579 on the region belonged to Saxony, but after 1815 it was divided between the Prussian Province of Saxony and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.

In 1952 the two districts of Artern and Sondershausen were set up by the East German government. These districts were merged in 1994, with only a few municipalities joining other districts.

## Partnerships

The district has a partnership with the district Ahrweiler in Rhineland-Palatinate, which was actually established with the district Artern in 1990.

## Geography

The district is named after the _Kyffhäuser_ mountains. The main river is the Unstrut, which flows through the east of the district.

## Towns and municipalities

|_Verwaltungsgemeinschaft_-free towns|and municipalities|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign=top|# Artern # Bad Frankenhausen # Ebeleben # Großenehrich # Roßleben # Sondershausen # Wiehe||# Abtsbessingen # Bellstedt # Donndorf # Freienbessingen # Helbedündorf # Holzsußra # Rockstedt # Thüringenhausen # Wolferschwenda|
|colspan=3|Verwaltungsgemeinschaften|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||**1. An der Schmücke** # Bretleben # Etzleben # Gorsleben # Hauteroda # Heldrungen<sup>1, 2</sup> # Hemleben # Oberheldrungen # Oldisleben **2. Greußen** # Clingen<sup>2</sup> # Greußen<sup>1, 2</sup> # Niederbösa # Topfstedt # Trebra # Wasserthaleben # Westgreußen||**3. Kyffhäuser** # Badra # Bendeleben<sup>1</sup> # Göllingen # Günserode # Hachelbich # Oberbösa # Rottleben # Seega # Steinthaleben||**4. Mittelzentrum Artern** [seat: Artern] # Borxleben # Gehofen # Heygendorf # Ichstedt # Kalbsrieth # Mönchpfiffel-Nikolausrieth # Nausitz # Reinsdorf # Ringleben # Voigtstedt|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft;<sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website (German)
- Touristic website  (English, German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Kyffhäuserkreis
- **image coa**: Wappen Kyffhaeuserkreis.png
- **state**: Thuringia
- **capital**: Sondershausen
- **kreisschlüssel**: 16065
- **area**: 1,035
- **population**: 91,940
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 89
- **carsign**: KYF
- **url**: http://www.kyffhaeuser.de
- **map**: thuringia_kyf.png
Nordhausen (district)

**Nordhausen** is the northernmeost _Landkreis_ (rural district) of Thuringia, Germany.

## History

The district was created in 1815, when the Prussian province Saxony was created. There were many changes to the boundaries up to 1952, when some municipalities were brought into the district and others left.

## Towns and municipalities

|_Verwaltungsgemeinschaft_-free towns|and municipalities|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign=top|# Bleicherode # Ellrich # Nordhausen||# Etzelsrode # Friedrichsthal # Hohenstein # Kehmstedt # Kleinbodungen # Kraja # Lipprechterode # Niedergebra # Rehungen # Sollstedt # Werther|
|colspan=3|Verwaltungsgemeinschaften|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||**1. Goldene Aue** # Auleben # Görsbach # Hamma # Heringen<sup>1, 2</sup> # Urbach # Uthleben # Windehausen||**2. Hainleite** # Großlohra # Hainrode # Kleinfurra # Nohra # Wipperdorf # Wolkramshausen<sup>1</sup>||**3. Hohnstein/Südharz** # Buchholz # Harzungen # Herrmannsacker # Ilfeld<sup>1</sup> # Neustadt/Harz # Niedersachswerfen|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft;<sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Landkreis Nordhausen
- **image coa**: Wappen Landkreis Nordhausen.png
- **state**: Thuringia
- **capital**: Nordhausen
- **kreisschlüssel**: 16062
- **area**: 711
- **population**: 96,628
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 136
- **carsign**: NDH
- **url**: [http://www.landratsamt-nordhausen.de landratsamt-nordhausen.de]
- **map**: thuringia_ndh.png
Saale-Holzland

**Saale-Holzland-Kreis** is a _landkreis_ (rural district, or county) in the east of Thuringia, Germany.

## History

The district was set up in 1994 by joining the old districts of Eisenberg, Jena and Stadtroda. When the district of Stadt rod) was first set up in 1922 it already covered nearly the area of the current district. In 1952 the East German government abolished the federal states (_Bundesländer_), and also split the district into the three parts, which were put together again in 1994.

## Towns and municipalities

|_Verwaltungsgemeinschaft_-free towns|and municipalities|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign=top|# Bürgel # Eisenberg # Kahla # Schkölen # Stadtroda|valign=top|# Albersdorf # Bad Klosterlausnitz # Bobeck # Bollberg # Gösen # Graitschen bei Bürgel # Hainspitz # Mertendorf # Möckern # Nausnitz # Petersberg|valign=top|<ol start=12> <li>Poxdorf <li>Quirla <li>Rauschwitz <li>Ruttersdorf-Lotschen <li>Scheiditz <li>Schlöben <li>Schöngleina <li>Serba <li>Tautenhain <li>Waldeck <li>Weißenborn </ol>|
|colspan=3|Verwaltungsgemeinschaften|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||**1. Dornburg-Camburg** # Camburg<sup>2</sup> # Dornburg<sup>1, 2</sup> # Dorndorf-Steudnitz # Frauenprießnitz # Golmsdorf # Großlöbichau # Hainichen # Jenalöbnitz # Lehesten # Löberschütz # Neuengönna # Tautenburg # Thierschneck # Wichmar # Zimmern **2. Heideland-Elstertal** # Crossen an der Elster<sup>1</sup> # Hartmannsdorf # Heideland # Rauda # Silbitz # Walpernhain||**3. Hermsdorf** # Hermsdorf<sup>1, 2</sup> # Mörsdorf # Reichenbach # Schleifreisen # Sankt Gangloff **4. Hügelland/Täler** # Bremsnitz # Eineborn # Geisenhain # Gneus # Großbockedra # Karlsdorf # Kleinbockedra # Kleinebersdorf # Lippersdorf-Erdmannsdorf # Meusebach # Oberbodnitz # Ottendorf # Rattelsdorf # Rausdorf # Renthendorf # Tautendorf # Tissa # Trockenborn-Wolfersdorf # Tröbnitz<sup>1</sup> # Unterbodnitz # Waltersdorf # Weißbach||**5. Südliches Saaletal** [seat: Kahla] # Altenberga # Bibra # Bucha # Eichenberg # Freienorla # Großeutersdorf # Großpürschütz # Gumperda # Hummelshain # Kleineutersdorf # Laasdorf # Lindig # Milda # Orlamünde<sup>2</sup> # Reinstädt # Rothenstein # Schöps # Seitenroda # Sulza # Zöllnitz|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft;<sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Saale-Holzland-Kreis
- **image coa**: Wappen Saale-Holzland-Kreis.svg
- **state**: Thuringia
- **capital**: Eisenberg
- **kreisschlüssel**: 16074
- **area**: 817
- **population**: 92,969
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 114
- **carsign**: SHK
- **url**: http://www.saale-holzland-kreis.de
- **map**: thuringia_shk.png
Saale-Orla

**Saale-Orla** is a _Landkreis_ (rural district) in the east of Thuringia, Germany.

## History

The district was created in 1994 by joining the old districts of Lobenstein, Pößneck and Schleiz.

## Towns and municipalities

|_Verwaltungsgemeinschaft_-free towns|and municipalities|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign=top|# Bad Lobenstein # Gefell # Hirschberg # Neustadt an der Orla # Pößneck # Saalburg-Ebersdorf # Schleiz # Tanna # Wurzbach|valign=top|# Breitenhain # Burgk # Kospoda # Krölpa # Linda bei Neustadt an der Orla # Remptendorf # Stanau|
|colspan=3|Verwaltungsgemeinschaften|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||**1. Oppurg** # Bodelwitz # Döbritz # Gertewitz # Grobengereuth # Langenorla # Lausnitz # Nimritz # Oberoppurg # Oppurg<sup>1</sup> # Quaschwitz # Solkwitz # Weira # Wernburg **2. Ranis-Ziegenrück** # Crispendorf # Eßbach # Gössitz # Keila # Moxa # Paska # Peuschen # Ranis<sup>1, 2</sup> # Schmorda # Schöndorf # Seisla # Wilhelmsdorf # Ziegenrück<sup>2</sup>||**3. Saale-Rennsteig** # Birkenhügel # Blankenberg # Blankenstein<sup>2</sup> # Harra # Neundorf bei Lobenstein # Pottiga # Schlegel **4. Seenplatte** # Bucha # Chursdorf # Dittersdorf # Dragensdorf # Dreba # Görkwitz # Göschitz # Kirschkau # Knau # Löhma # Moßbach # Neundorf bei Schleiz # Oettersdorf<sup>1</sup> # Plothen # Pörmitz # Tegau # Volkmannsdorf||**5. Triptis** # Dreitzsch # Geroda # Lemnitz # Miesitz # Mittelpöllnitz # Pillingsdorf # Rosendorf # Schmieritz # Tömmelsdorf # Triptis<sup>1, 2</sup>|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft;<sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website (German)
- Touristic website (German, English)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Saale-Orla-Kreis
- **image coa**: Wappen Saale-Orla-Kreis.svg
- **state**: Thuringia
- **capital**: Schleiz
- **kreisschlüssel**: 16075
- **area**: 1,148
- **population**: 96,607
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 84
- **carsign**: SOK
- **url**: http://www.saale-orla-kreis.de
- **map**: thuringia_sok.png
Saalfeld-Rudolstadt

**Saalfeld-Rudolstadt** is a _Landkreis_ (district) in the south of Thuringia, Germany.

## History

The district dates back to the _Landratsamt_ Saalfeld, which was created in 1868, and in 1922 it was converted into the _Landkreis_. Also in 1922 the district Rudolstadt was created. Both districts were merged in the local government changes of 1994.

## Towns and municipalities

|_Verwaltungsgemeinschaft_-free towns|and municipalities|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign=top|# Bad Blankenburg # Gräfenthal # Königsee # Leutenberg # Remda-Teichel # Rudolstadt # Saalfeld|valign=top|# Altenbeuthen # Arnsgereuth # Drognitz # Hohenwarte # Kamsdorf|valign=top|<ol start=6> <li>Kaulsdorf <li>Rottenbach <li>Saalfelder Höhe <li>Uhlstädt-Kirchhasel <li>Unterwellenborn </ol>|
|colspan=3|Verwaltungsgemeinschaften|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||**1. Bergbahnregion/Schwarzatal** # Cursdorf # Deesbach # Katzhütte # Lichtenhain/Bergbahn # Meuselbach-Schwarzmühle # Oberweißbach<sup>1, 2</sup> **2. Lichtetal am Rennsteig** # Lichte<sup>1</sup> # Piesau # Reichmannsdorf # Schmiedefeld||**3. Mittleres Schwarzatal** # Allendorf # Bechstedt # Döschnitz # Dröbischau # Mellenbach-Glasbach # Meura # Oberhain # Rohrbach # Schwarzburg # Sitzendorf<sup>1</sup> # Unterweißbach # Wittgendorf||**4. Probstzella-Lehesten-Marktgölitz** # Lehesten<sup>2</sup> # Probstzella<sup>1</sup>|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft;<sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website  (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt
- **image coa**: Wappen Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt.svg
- **state**: Thuringia
- **capital**: Saalfeld
- **kreisschlüssel**: 16073
- **area**: 1,035
- **population**: 129,610
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 125
- **carsign**: SLF
- **url**: http://www.sa-ru.de
- **map**: thuringia_slf.png
Schmalkalden-Meiningen

**Schmalkalden-Meiningen** is a _Landkreis_ (rural district) in the west of Thuringia, Germany.

## History

The district was created in 1994 by joining the old districts of Schmalkalden, Meiningen and part of Suhl-Land.

## Partnerships

The district has a partnership with the Vogelsbergkreis in Hesse, as well as with the Komitat Pest in Hungary.

## Towns and municipalities

|_Verwaltungsgemeinschaft_-free towns|and municipalities|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign=top|# Brotterode # Meiningen # Oberhof # Schmalkalden # Steinbach-Hallenberg # Zella-Mehlis|valign=top|# Benshausen # Breitungen # Fambach # Floh-Seligenthal # Grabfeld # Henneberg # Herpf # Heßles # Rhönblick|valign=top|<ol start=10> <li>Rippershausen <li>Rosa <li>Roßdorf <li>Schwallungen <li>Stepfershausen <li>Sülzfeld <li>Trusetal <li>Untermaßfeld <li>Wernshausen </ol>|
|colspan=3|Verwaltungsgemeinschaften|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||**1. Dolmar** # Christes # Dillstädt # Kühndorf # Rohr # Schwarza<sup>1</sup> # Utendorf **2. Haselgrund** # Altersbach # Bermbach # Oberschönau # Rotterode # Springstille # Unterschönau # Viernau<sup>1</sup>||**3. Hohe Rhön** # Aschenhausen # Birx # Erbenhausen # Frankenheim # Kaltensundheim<sup>1</sup> # Kaltenwestheim # Melpers # Oberkatz # Oberweid # Unterweid||**4. Salzbrücke** # Bauerbach # Belrieth # Einhausen # Ellingshausen # Leutersdorf # Neubrunn # Obermaßfeld-Grimmenthal<sup>1</sup> # Ritschenhausen # Vachdorf # Wölfershausen **5. Wasungen-Amt Sand** # Friedelshausen # Hümpfershausen # Mehmels # Metzels # Oepfershausen # Unterkatz # Wahns # Wallbach # Walldorf # Wasungen<sup>1, 2</sup>|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft;<sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website  (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Landkreis Schmalkalden-Meiningen
- **image coa**: Wappen Landkreis Schmalkalden-Meiningen.svg
- **state**: Thuringia
- **capital**: Meiningen
- **kreisschlüssel**: 16066
- **area**: 1,210
- **population**: 141,055
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 117
- **carsign**: SM
- **url**: http://www.lk-sm.de
- **map**: thuringia_sm.png
Sömmerda (district)

**Sömmerda** is a _Landkreis_ (rural district) in the north of Thuringia, Germany.

## History

The district Sömmerda was created in 1952. In 1994 the districts of Thuringia were reorganized, and the district Sömmerda was made a lot bigger by adding municipalities from the old districts Artern and Erfurt-Land.

## Towns and municipalities

|_Verwaltungsgemeinschaft_-free towns|and municipalities|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign=top|# Rastenberg # Sömmerda # Weißensee||# Elxleben # Witterda|
|colspan=3|Verwaltungsgemeinschaften|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||**1. An der Marke** # Eckstedt # Markvippach # Schloßvippach<sup>1</sup> # Sprötau # Vogelsberg **2. Buttstädt** # Buttstädt<sup>1, 2</sup> # Ellersleben # Eßleben-Teutleben # Großbrembach # Guthmannshausen # Hardisleben # Kleinbrembach # Mannstedt # Olbersleben # Rudersdorf **3. Gera-Aue** # Andisleben # Gebesee<sup>1, 2</sup> # Ringleben # Walschleben||**4. Gramme-Aue** # Alperstedt # Großmölsen # Großrudestedt<sup>1</sup> # Kleinmölsen # Nöda # Ollendorf # Udestedt **5. Kindelbrück** # Bilzingsleben # Büchel # Frömmstedt # Griefstedt # Günstedt # Herrnschwende # Kannawurf # Kindelbrück<sup>1, 2</sup> # Riethgen||**6. Kölleda** # Beichlingen # Großmonra # Großneuhausen # Kleinneuhausen # Kölleda<sup>1, 2</sup> # Ostramondra # Schillingstedt **7. Straußfurt** # Gangloffsömmern # Haßleben # Henschleben # Riethnordhausen # Schwerstedt # Straußfurt<sup>1</sup> # Werningshausen # Wundersleben|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft;<sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Landkreis Sömmerda
- **image coa**: Wappen Landkreis Soemmerda.png
- **state**: Thuringia
- **capital**: Sömmerda
- **kreisschlüssel**: 16068
- **area**: 804
- **population**: 79,592
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 99
- **carsign**: SÖM
- **url**: http://www.landkreis-soemmerda.de
- **map**: thuringia_soem.png
Ahnapee, Wisconsin

**Ahnapee** is a town in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, United States. There were 870 people living in Ahanpee as of the 2020 Census.  The town has an area of 31.0 square miles, says the United States Census Bureau.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ahnapee, Wisconsin
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: WIMap-doton-Ahnapee.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Ahnapee, Wisconsin
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of the United States, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wisconsin
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wisconsin, County
- **subdivision name2**: Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, Kewaunee
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 80.3
- **area land km2**: 79.8
- **area water km2**: 0.5
- **area total sq mi**: 31.0
- **area land sq mi**: 30.8
- **area water sq mi**: 0.2
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2020, 2020
- **population total**: 870
- **population density km2**: 10.9
- **population density sq mi**: 28.2
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 179
- **elevation ft**: 587
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 55-00600
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1582661
Electronvolt

The **electron-volt** or **electron volt**, symbol **eV**, is used to measure energy. It is defined as the amount of energy an electron gains after being accelerated by 1 volt of electricity. Joule is  used in the International System of Units for energy, but the electronvolt is often used for a tiny amount of energy, or _quantum_, such as that carried by a single subatomic particle.

To convert joules into electron-volts, divide joules by the charge of an electron, which is about 1.602 coulomb.

E.g. 5 J = 5/1.602
 5 J = 3.121 eV.

The electronvolt is often used in atomic, nuclear and particle physics. For example, the energy of photons can be measured by the voltage necessary to overcome their photoelectric effect.

## Other websites

- Conversion Tool
- Electronvolt Citizendium
Meltingen

**Meltingen** is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Meltingen
- **municipality name**: Meltingen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Meltingen-blason.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Thierstein (district), Thierstein
- **postal code**: 4233
- **municipality code**: 2620
- **area**: 5.79
- **elevation**: 586
- **population**: 617
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.meltingen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beinwil, Solothurn, Beinwil, Büsserach, Erschwil, Fehren, Nunningen, Zullwil
Messen

**Messen** is a municipality in the district Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. On 1 January 2010, the former municipalities of Balm bei Messen, Brunnenthal, Messen and Oberramsern merged to form the municipality of Messen.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Messen
- **image photo**: 2011-04-17 Balonveturo (Foto Dietrich Michael Weidmann) 169.JPG
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Messen
- **municipality name**: Messen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Messen-blazon.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Messen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Bucheggberg (district), Bucheggberg
- **postal code**: 3254
- **municipality code**: 2457
- **area**: 7.08
- **elevation**: 505
- **website**: www.messen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Balm bei Messen, Brunnenthal, Switzerland, Brunnenthal, Etzelkofen (BE), Mülchi (BE), Oberramsern, Rapperswil, Bern, Rapperswil (BE), Ruppoldsried (BE), Scheunen (BE)
Metzerlen-Mariastein

**Metzerlen-Mariastein** is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Mariastein Abbey website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Metzerlen-Mariastein
- **municipality name**: Metzerlen-Mariastein
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **image photo**: Mariastein.jpg
- **image caption**: Mariastein Abbey
- **imagepath coa**: Metzerlen-Mariastein-blason.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Metzerlen-Mariastein.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Dorneck (district), Dorneck
- **postal code**: 4116
- **municipality code**: 2477
- **area**: 8.49
- **elevation**: 526
- **highest**: Ränzeboden/Challplatten
- **highest m**: 875
- **lowest**: Ried/Geissberg
- **lowest m**: 474
- **website**: www.metzerlen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Biederthal (FR-68), Blauen, Basel-Landschaft, Blauen (BL), Burg im Leimental (BL), Dittingen (BL), Hofstetten-Flüh, Leymen (FR-68), Rodersdorf, Röschenz (BL)
Mühledorf

**Mühledorf** can be one of two municipalities in Switzerland:

- Mühledorf, Bern, in the Canton of Bern
- Mühledorf, Solothurn, in the Canton of Solothurn
Mühledorf, Solothurn

**Mühledorf** was a municipality in the Bucheggberg district in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland.  On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Mühledorf, Aetingen, Aetigkofen, Bibern, Brügglen, Gossliwil, Hessigkofen, Küttigkofen, Kyburg-Buchegg and Tscheppach merged into the new municipality of Buchegg.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Muehledorf
- **image photo**: Muehledorf.jpg
- **image caption**: Church Mühledorf
- **municipality name**: Muehledorf
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Muehledorf-blason.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Mühledorf.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Bucheggberg (district), Bucheggberg
- **postal code**: 4583
- **municipality code**: 2458
- **area**: 3.32
- **elevation**: 557
- **population**: 347
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.muehledorf-so.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aetigkofen, Aetingen, Brügglen, Hessigkofen, Lüterswil-Gächliwil, Tscheppach, Unterramsern
Kolding

**Kolding** is a Danish seaport found at the head of Kolding Fjord in Region Syddanmark (_Region of Southern Denmark_). Kolding is a transportation, commercial, and manufacturing centre, and has many industrial companies.

With a population of 86,000 inhabitants, Kolding is the seventh largest in Denmark.

#### 1658

In the Battle of Kolding on December 25, 1658, the alliance of Polish and Danish forces under hetman Stefan Czarniecki defeated the Swedish forces of Charles X Gustav of Sweden.

#### 1849

A battle between German and Danish troops in the town on April 23 1849 during the First War of Schleswig.

## The fireworks accident in Seest

On November 3, 2004, N. P. Johnsen's Fireworksfactory in Seest exploded. One firefighter died, 85 people were injured, and around 2000 people were evacuated during this accident in Kolding,.

## Important places in Kolding

- The Museet på Koldinghus, the museum of the city. It has a collection of Danish art from the late Middle Ages to the 1940s, and a very large collection of items in gold and silver.
- The Trapholt art museum.
- The Designskolen Kolding, a university school of design

## Sister cities

The following cities are sisters of Kolding:
- Anjo, Japan (since 1997)
- Delmenhorst, Germany (since 1979)
- Drammen, Norway (since 1946)
- Huéscar, Spain (since 1982)
- Lappeenranta, Finland (since 1947)
- Panevėžys, Lithuania (since 2000)
- Pisa, Italy (since 2007)http://www.kolding.dk/data/0048197.asp?sid=20505&uid=20936
- Stykkishólmur, Iceland (since 1979)
- Szombathely, Hungary (since 1991)
- Örebro, Sweden (since 1946)

## Other websites

- Official English homepage of Kolding municipality
- Official site of Koldinghus castle
- Kolding Museum
Sonneberg (district)

**Sonneberg** is a _Landkreis_ (rural district) in the south of Thuringia, Germany.

## History

The district was created in 1868 when districts were created in Saxe-Meiningen. In 1952 part of the district was incorporated into the newly created district Neuhaus am Rennweg. This district was dissolved again in 1994 and the district Sonneberg did regain its old size.

## Towns and municipalities

|width=50%|Towns|width=50%|Municipalities|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||# Lauscha # Neuhaus am Rennweg # Schalkau # Sonneberg # Steinach||# Bachfeld # Föritztal # Frankenblick # Goldisthal|

## Other websites

- Official website (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Landkreis Sonneberg
- **image coa**: DEU Landkreis Sonneberg COA.svg
- **state**: Thuringia
- **capital**: Sonneberg
- **area**: 433
- **kreisschlüssel**: 16072
- **population**: 66,562
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 154
- **carsign**: SON
- **url**: http://www.lkson.de
- **map**: Thuringia SON.svg
Unstrut-Hainich

**Unstrut-Hainich** is a _Landkreis_ (district) in the north of Thuringia, Germany.

## History

The district was set up on July 1, 1994 by joining the two previous districts of Mühlhausen and Bad Langensalza.

## Partnerships

The district has a partnership with the Wetteraukreis in Hesse dating back to the German reunification of 1990. The district also has a partnership with the Lithuanian districts of Ukmerge and Raseiniai.

## Geography

The district is named after the river Unstrut and a hill chain, the Hainich. The Hainich became the 13th national park of Germany in 1997.

## Towns and municipalities

|_Verwaltungsgemeinschaft_-free towns|and municipalities|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign=top|# Bad Langensalza # Mühlhausen||# Anrode # Dünwald # Großvargula # Herbsleben # Heyerode # Katharinenberg # Menteroda # Unstruttal # Weinbergen|
|colspan=3|Verwaltungsgemeinschaften|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||* **1. Bad Tennstedt** # Bad Tennstedt<sup>1, 2</sup> # Ballhausen # Blankenburg # Bruchstedt # Haussömmern # Hornsömmern # Kirchheilingen # Klettstedt # Kutzleben # Mittelsömmern # Sundhausen # Tottleben # Urleben||* **2. Hildebrandshausen/Lengenfeld unterm Stein** # Hildebrandshausen # Lengenfeld unterm Stein<sup>1</sup> # Rodeberg * **3. Unstrut-Hainich** # Altengottern # Flarchheim # Großengottern<sup>1</sup> # Heroldishausen # Mülverstedt # Schönstedt # Weberstedt||* **4. Vogtei** # Kammerforst # Langula # Niederdorla # Oberdorla<sup>1</sup> # Oppershausen * **5. Schlotheim** # Bothenheilingen # Issersheilingen # Kleinwelsbach # Körner # Marolterode # Neunheilingen # Obermehler # Schlotheim<sup>1, 2</sup>|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft; <sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Landkreis Unstrut-Hainich
- **image coa**: Wappen Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis.svg
- **state**: Thuringia
- **capital**: Mühlhausen
- **kreisschlüssel**: 16064
- **area**: 975
- **population**: 117,324
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 120
- **carsign**: UH
- **url**: [http://www.landkreis-unstrut-hainich.de landkreis-unstrut-hainich.de]
- **map**: thuringia_uh.png
Cecil

**Cecil** can mean:

Places in the United States of America:
- Cecil, Georgia
- Cecil, Ohio
- Cecil, Pennsylvania
- Cecil County, Maryland
- Cecil, Wisconsin

**Cecil** can also be these people:
- Cecil Adams, a name which designates the unknown author or authors of _The Straight Dope_
- CECIL, Liverpool Band
- Chuck Cecil, American football player
- Cecil Fielder, American baseball player
- Cecil Rhodes, British imperialist and businessman
- Cecil B. DeMille
- Cecil Calopachi, Newzealand/Thai Artist
- Cecil Heftel -American politician in Hawaii
Cecil is a prototype-based programming language.
Wartburgkreis

**Wartburgkreis** is a _Landkreis_ (rural district) in the west of Thuringia, Germany. The city of Eisenach is nearly completely surrounded by Wartburgbreis.

## History

The district was set up in 1994 by joining the old districts of Eisenach and Bad Salzungen, and a few municipalities from the district Bad Langensalza. The city of Eisenach left the district in 1998 and became a district-free city.

The district is named after the Wartburg, a castle near Eisenach most famous as Martin Luther's refuge in 1521.

## Towns and municipalities

|_Verwaltungsgemeinschaft_-free towns|and municipalities|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign=top|# Bad Salzungen # Bad Liebenstein # Geisa # Ruhla # Stadtlengsfeld # Treffurt|valign=top|# Buttlar # Dorndorf # Ettenhausen an der Suhl # Frauensee # Gerstengrund # Gerstungen # Hörselberg-Hainich # Leimbach # Marksuhl # Merkers-Kieselbach|valign=top|<ol start=11> <li>Moorgrund <li>Rockenstuhl <li>Schleid <li>Schweina <li>Seebach <li>Steinbach <li>Tiefenort <li>Unterbreizbach <li>Wolfsburg-Unkeroda <li>Wutha-Farnroda </ol>|
|colspan=3|Verwaltungsgemeinschaften|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||* **1. Barchfeld** # Barchfeld<sup>1</sup> # Immelborn * **2. Berka/Werra** # Berka/Werra<sup>1, 2</sup> # Dankmarshausen # Dippach # Großensee * **3. Creuzburg** # Creuzburg<sup>1, 2</sup> # Ifta # Krauthausen||* **4. Dermbach** # Brunnhartshausen # Dermbach<sup>1</sup> # Neidhartshausen # Oechsen # Urnshausen # Weilar # Wiesenthal # Zella/Rhön * **5. Mihla** # Berka vor dem Hainich # Bischofroda # Ebenshausen # Frankenroda # Hallungen # Lauterbach # Mihla<sup>1</sup> # Nazza||* **6. Oberes Feldatal** # Andenhausen # Diedorf # Empfertshausen # Fischbach/Rhön # Kaltenlengsfeld # Kaltennordheim<sup>1</sup> # Klings * **7. Vacha** # Martinroda # Vacha<sup>1, 2</sup> # Völkershausen # Wölferbütt|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft; <sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Wartburgkreis
- **image coa**: Wappen Wartburgkreis.svg
- **state**: Thuringia
- **capital**: Bad Salzungen
- **kreisschlüssel**: 16063
- **area**: 1,305
- **population**: 142,595
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 109
- **carsign**: WAK
- **url**: http://www.wartburgkreis.de
- **map**: thuringia_wak.png
Weimarer Land

**Weimarer Land** is a _Landkreis_ (rural district) in the east of Thuringia, Germany. The district-free city of Weimar is completely enclosed by the district.

## History

The district dates back to the _Großkreis Weimar_, which was created in 1922 after the federal state Thuringia was established. The two cities Weimar and Apolda were not part of the district. In 1952 the district was split into two parts - Weimar and Apolda. In 1994 the two parts were merged again, however not completely covering the territory as before 1952.

## Towns and municipalities

|_Verwaltungsgemeinschaft_-free towns|and municipalities|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign=top|# Apolda # Bad Berka # Bad Sulza # Blankenhain||# Auerstedt # Eberstedt # Flurstedt # Gebstedt # Großheringen # Ködderitzsch # Niedertrebra # Obertrebra # Rannstedt # Reisdorf # Saaleplatte # Schmiedehausen # Wickerstedt|
|colspan=3|Verwaltungsgemeinschaften|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||* **1. Berlstedt** # Ballstedt # Berlstedt<sup>1</sup> # Ettersburg # Krautheim # Neumark<sup>2</sup> # Ramsla # Schwerstedt # Vippachedelhausen * **2. Buttelstedt** # Buttelstedt<sup>1, 2</sup> # Großobringen # Heichelheim # Kleinobringen # Leutenthal # Rohrbach # Sachsenhausen # Wohlsborn||* **3. Grammetal** # Bechstedtstraß # Daasdorf am Berge # Gutendorf # Hopfgarten # Isseroda<sup>1</sup> # Mönchenholzhausen # Niederzimmern # Nohra # Ottstedt am Berge # Troistedt * **4. Ilmtal-Weinstraße** # Kromsdorf # Liebstedt # Mattstedt # Niederreißen # Niederroßla # Nirmsdorf # Oberreißen # Oßmannstedt # Pfiffelbach<sup>1</sup> # Willerstedt||* **5. Kranichfeld** # Hohenfelden # Klettbach # Kranichfeld<sup>1, 2</sup> # Nauendorf # Rittersdorf # Tonndorf * **6. Mellingen** # Buchfart # Döbritschen # Frankendorf # Großschwabhausen # Hammerstedt # Hetschburg # Kapellendorf # Kiliansroda # Kleinschwabhausen # Lehnstedt # Magdala<sup>2</sup> # Mechelroda # Mellingen<sup>1</sup> # Oettern # Umpferstedt # Vollersroda # Wiegendorf|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft; <sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Kreis Weimarer Land
- **image coa**: Wappen Landkreis Weimarer Land.svg
- **state**: Thuringia
- **capital**: Apolda
- **kreisschlüssel**: 16071
- **area**: 803
- **population**: 90,262
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 112
- **carsign**: AP
- **url**: http://www.weimarer-land.de
- **map**: thuringia_ap.png
Congress of Arras

The **Congress of Arras** was a meeting in Arras in 1435, between representatives of England, France, and Burgundy. The **Treaty of Arras** (1435) was an important diplomatic win for France, late in the Hundred Years' War. The English expected only to talk peace with the French. However, Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy made peace with Charles VII of France. This hurt England because Philip the Good had helped them for 16 years. Richard the Lionheart refused to accept any documents of proposals after the signing.
Appanage

The **appanage** was an important concept in the history of France during the Middle Ages. According to the customary law, when a king died, his oldest son became the next king. If a king wanted to give some land to a younger son, he sometimes also created an appanage, which was one way to keep a civil war. That could happen if two or more sons wanted to fight each other to be the next king.

The younger son controlled the appanage as a duke and ruled almost like a king except he could not sell the land. The ruler of an appanage could give it to his sons and grandsons, but that branch of the family would eventually run out of sons, and the land would go back to the king.
Scripps Ranch, San Diego, California

**Scripps Ranch** is a suburb of San Diego, California. It is home to the EW Scripps mansion.
New Statesman

The ***New Statesman*** is a British left-wing political magazine that is published weekly in London.

## History

The _New Statesman_ was founded in 1913 with the support of George Bernard Shaw and other prominent members of the Fabian Society.

In 1930 the _Statesman_ merged with the Liberal weekly the _ Nation_, and changed its name to the _New Statesman and Nation_, which it remained until 1964.  The chairman of the _Nation_'s board was the economist John Maynard Keynes, who came to be an important influence on the paper.

During the 1930s, the _Statesman_ moved to the left politically. It became strongly anti-fascist and was generally critical of the government policy of appeasement of Mussolini and Hitler.

## Other websites

- _New Statesman_ official website
- _New Statesman_ PDF edition
Left-wing politics

**Left-wing politics** is a kind of politics that supports social equality and egalitarianism.

What a person means by left-wing depends on where the person lives. In Western Europe, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, left-wing politics is often associated with social democracy and democratic socialism.

### Left-wing ideologies

- Democratic socialism
- Eco-socialism
- Left-wing libertarianism
- Social democracy
- Socialism

### Left-wing issues

- Egalitarianism
- Democracy
- Human rights
- Secularism
- Social equality
- Labor rights / workers' rights

## Bibliography

- Lin Chun, _The British New Left_, Edinburgh : Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1993

## Related pages

- Right-wing
- Political spectrum

## Other websites

- Leftist Parties of the World  List of present-day leftist parties and organizations of the world, with links to their websites.
Bourgeoisie

**Bourgeoisie**  means a social class of people who own the means of production, making them in the upper or merchant class. Hence, all employers are bourgeoisie. Their status or power comes from employment, education, assets, or wealth and not from aristocratic (political) origin, as a lowly café or factory owner is bourgeoisie.
The term is widely used in many non-English speaking countries as an approximate equivalent of middle class.

As the bourgeoisie are not its opposing counterpart proletariat, they don't have to be a labourer doing menial work for money. And if they do any work that gets them money, then it's only because of the many proletariat people beneath them, who generated their wealth through their labour, of which the higher up bourgeoisie person took a cut (commission).

## History

Bourgeoisie is a French word that was borrowed directly into English in the sense that is explained above.
The French word _bourgeois_ comes from the Old French word _burgeis_, meaning "an inhabitant of a town". (cf. Middle English _burgeis_, Middle Dutch _burgher_ and German _Bürger_). The Old French word _burgeis_ comes from _bourg_, meaning a market town or medieval village, itself derived from Late Latin _burgus_, meaning "fortress"

## Related pages

- French Revolution
- Elite
- Aristocracy
- Anarchism
- Capitalism
- Leninism
- Marxism

## References

<div class="references-small">
- Hal Draper, _Karl Marx's Theory of Revolution, Vol. 2: The Politics of Social Classes_. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1979.
- Ralph Miliband, _Class and class power in contemporary capitalism_, in: Stanislaw Kozyr-Kowalski and Jacek Tittenbrun, _On Social Differentiation. A Contribution to the Critique of Marxist Ideology, Part 2_. Poznan: Adam Mickiewicz University Press, 1992, pp. 7–62.
- Ernest Mandel, _Social differentiation in capitalist and postcapitalist societies_, in: Stanislaw Kozyr-Kowalski and Jacek Tittenbrun, _On Social Differentiation. A Contribution to the Critique of Marxist Ideology, Part 2._ Poznan: Adam Mickiewicz University Press, 1992, pp. 63–91.
- Erik Olin Wright et al., _The Debate on Classes._ London: Verso, 1989.
- Anthony Giddens, _The Class Structure of the Advanced societies_, 1981.
</div>

## Other websites

- The Democratic State – A Critique of Bourgeois Sovereignty
César Awards

The **César Awards** are the best-known movie awards in France. The _Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinema_ has given this award every year since 1975.

## Related pages

- Lumières Award
- Louis Delluc Prize
- Academy Awards
- British Academy Film Awards

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (award)

- **name**: César Awards
- **current awards**: 46th César Awards
- **awarded for**: Achievements in French cinema
- **presenter**: Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma
- **country**: France
- **year**: 1976
- **website**: [http://www.academie-cinema.org/ academie-csinema.org]
Status

**Status** is a state, condition or situation. In common usage it may refer to:

- Social status
- Economic status
- HIV status
- Legal status
- Status quo
- Status symbol
- A category of the grammar of  Semitic languages, see nunation, status constructus
Social status

In sociology or anthropology, **social status** is the honor or rank of one's position in society.  People earn social status by their own work. This is call _achieved status_. Or, people can have a place in a social system by birth. This  inherited position is called _ascribed status_.

## Further reading

- Michael Marmot (2004), _The Status Syndrome: How Social Standing Affects Our Health and Longevity_, Times Books
- Botton, Alain De (2004), _Status Anxiety_, Hamish Hamilton
- Social status. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October  17,  2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online:
- Gould, Roger (2002). The Origin of Status Hierarchy. American Journal of Sociology, 107, Retrieved Oct. 26, 2007, from http://www.library.ohiou.edu:5334/ehost/pdf?vid=5&hid=108&sid=f177ce9d-24b5-4e01-819e-b243bd3768e1%40sessionmgr107
- Mcpherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. BIRDS OF A FEATHER. American Journal of Sociology, 27, Retrieved Sept 27, 2007, from http://www.library.ohiou.edu:5334/ehost/detail?vid=7&hid=109&sid=c920800d-7008-402f-a473-219b2545f452%40sessionmgr102.
- Bolender, Ronald Keith (2006). "Max Weber 1864-1920". Retrieved November 1, 2007, from http://www.bolender.com/Sociological%20Theory/Weber,%20Max/weber,_max.htm .
- Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: a Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste, translated by Richard Nice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1984.

## Related pages

- social capital
- social class
- social inequality
- title
- discrimination
Bergstraße

**Bergstraße** or **Bergstrasse** can mean many things, including:

- Bergstraße Route – The Mountain route in the Odenwald of Baden-Württemberg and Hesse
- Kreis Bergstraße – A rural district in Hesse
- Hessische Bergstraße – A Hessian winegrowing region
- Badische Bergstraße – A winegrowing region in Baden-Württemberg
Bergstraße (district)

**Bergstraße** (German: _Landkreis Bergstraße_, Hessian: _Londgrääs Bergschdrooß_) is a rural district in south Hesse, Germany.

## History

The district was created in 1938. Two old districts, Bensheim and Heppenheim, joined and became Bergstraße.

## Geography

The district is in the Odenwald mountains. Melibokus as the highest elevation at 517 meters. The _Bergstraße_ is a tourist route which from Darmstadt to Wiesloch. The northern part of this route goes through the district and gave it its name.

## Towns and municipalities

|align=left width=50%|Towns|align=left width=50%|Municipalities|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||# Bensheim # Bürstadt # Heppenheim # Hirschhorn # Lampertheim # Lindenfels # Lorsch # Neckarsteinach # Viernheim # Zwingenberg||# Abtsteinach # Biblis # Birkenau # Einhausen # Fürth # Gorxheimertal # Grasellenbach # Groß-Rohrheim # Lautertal # Mörlenbach # Rimbach # Wald-Michelbach|

## Other websites

- Official website (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Bergstraße
- **image coa**: DEU Kreis Bergstrasse COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Kreis Bergstrasse.svg
- **state**: Hesse
- **capital**: Heppenheim
- **regierungsbezirk**: Regierungsbezirk Darmstadt, Darmstadt
- **kreisschlüssel**: 06431
- **area**: 719.54
- **population**: 264,695
- **population as of**: 2001
- **density**: 368
- **carsign**: HP
- **url**: [http://www.kreis-bergstrasse.de kreis-bergstrasse.de]
- **map**: hesse_hp.png
- **latd**: 49
- **latm**: 38
- **longd**: 8
- **longm**: 38
Treaty of Arras

The **treaties of Arras** can be one of two treaties:
- the Treaty of Arras (1435), between Charles VII of France and Philip the Good of Burgundy
- the Treaty of Arras (1482), between Louis XI of France and the governments of the Low Countries
Social class

In sociology, **Social class** refers to the hierarchical distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures.

There are various ways to divide classes. The _working class_ do hard work for others. Where money is used, they are paid for it, but they seldom have much money. Where money is used little, as in feudalism, or not at all, as in the Inca Empire there are still classes.

Historians usually see two other groups - people who are rich or have a lot of influence, called the _upper class_, and all the remaining people who are in between, called the _middle class_.

Not all societies have social classes. Scientists have found no proof for hierarchical power structures during the Stone Age.

## Determinants of class

In societies where classes exist, one's class is determined largely by:
- occupation
- education and qualifications
- income, personal, household and per capita
- wealth, including the ownership of land, property, means of production,  et cetera
- family background.

In the United Kingdom there are upper class, middle class, working class and underclass people.

## Related pages

- Bohemianism
- Caste
- Constitution
- Constitutional economics
- Class struggle
- Clergy
- Household income in the United States
- Social status
- Social structure
- Working class
- Upper class

## Further reading

- Marx, Karl & Engels, Frederick; _The Communist Manifesto_, (1848). (The key statement of class conflict as the driver of historical change).
- Savage, Mike; _Class Analysis and Social Transformation_ (London: Open University Press, 2000).
- Sennett, Richard & Cobb, Jonathan;  _The Hidden Injuries of Class_, (Vintage, 1972) (classic study of the subjective experience of class).
- Wlkowitz, Daniel J.; _Working with Class: Social Workers and the Politics of Middle-Class Identity_ (University of North Carolina Press, 1999).
- "Class, Status and Party", Max Weber, in e.g. Gerth, Hans and C. Wright Mills, _From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology_, (Oxford University Press, 1958). (Weber's key statement of the multiple nature of stratification).
- Wright, Erik Olin; _Class Counts: Comparative Studies in Class Analysis_ (Cambridge University Press, 1997)

## Other websites

- _Class Action_:
- http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/IL06Ag01.html  Dargin, Justin, The Birth of Russia's New Energy Class. The Asia Times (Dec. 6, 2007)
- _Dictionary of the history of ideas_:  Class
- _Charles Dunoyer And The Theory Of Industrialism_ and _Comte And Dunoyer After The 1830 Revolution: The Impact Of Their Ideas_  in _The Radical Liberalism Of Charles Comte And Charles Dunoyer_  by David M. Hart.
- _Marxist and Austrian Class Analysis_ (PDF) by Hans-Hermann Hoppe
- _Classical Liberal Roots of the Marxist Doctrine of Classes_  (PDF document), _Classical Liberal Roots of Marxist Class Analysis_  (MP3 audio file), lecture by Ralph Raico.
- Rethinking Cultural and Economic Capital  - Jan Rupp
Mümliswil-Ramiswil

**Mümliswil-Ramiswil** is a municipality in the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Mümliswil-Ramiswil
- **municipality name**: Mümliswil-Ramiswil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Muemliswil-Ramiswil-blason.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Thal (district), Thal
- **postal code**: 4717 Mümliswil, 4719 Ramiswil
- **municipality code**: 2428
- **area**: 35.48
- **elevation**: 556
- **population**: 2542
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.muemliswil-ramiswil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aedermannsdorf, Balsthal, Beinwil, Solothurn, Beinwil, Holderbank, Solothurn, Holderbank, Langenbruck (BL), Laupersdorf, Lauwil (BL), Matzendorf, Reigoldswil (BL), Waldenburg, Switzerland, Waldenburg (BL)
Nennigkofen

**Nennigkofen** was a municipality in the district Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Lüsslingen and Nennigkofen merged to form the new municipality of Lüsslingen-Nennigkofen.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Nennigkofen
- **image photo**: Nennigkofenargus3.jpg
- **image caption**: Nennigkofen
- **municipality name**: Nennigkofen
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Nennigkofen-blason.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Nennigkofen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Bucheggberg (district), Bucheggberg
- **postal code**: 4574
- **municipality code**: 2458
- **area**: 4.60
- **elevation**: 456
- **population**: 493
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **neighboring municipalities**: Leuzigen (BE), Lüsslingen, Lüterkofen-Ichertswil, Selzach
Neuendorf, Switzerland

**Neuendorf** is a municipality in the district Gäu in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Neuendorf
- **municipality name**: Neuendorf
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Neuendorf-blason.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Gäu (district), Gäu
- **postal code**: 4623
- **municipality code**: 2404
- **area**: 7.13
- **elevation**: 437
- **population**: 1904
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.neuendorf.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Egerkingen, Fulenbach, Härkingen, Niederbuchsiten, Oberbuchsiten, Wolfwil
Niederbuchsiten

**Niederbuchsiten** is a municipality in the district Gäu in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Niederbuchsiten
- **municipality name**: Niederbuchsiten
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Niederbuchsiten-blazon.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Solothurn
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SO
- **district**: Gäu (district), Gäu
- **postal code**: 4626
- **municipality code**: 2405
- **area**: 5.49
- **elevation**: 465
- **population**: 967
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.niederbuchsiten.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Kestenholz, Neuendorf, Switzerland, Neuendorf, Oberbuchsiten, Wolfwil