juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
OL Lyonnes

**OL Lyonnes**, formerly known as **Olympique Lyonnais Féminin** (also called **Lyon** or **OL**), is a women's association football club from Lyon, France. It is the most successful club in the history of the French women's top flight, the Première Ligue, with 18 league titles. The club has been the female section of Olympique Lyonnais since 2004, although OL Groupe, the parent of the men's club, sold a majority interest in the women's team to American businesswoman Michele Kang in early 2024.

Lyon currently plays in the Première Ligue and has won 18 titles in the last 19 seasons, with the only exception being the 2020–21 season. OL's title in 2024–25 extended its current title streak to four. At the end of the 2024–25 season, Lyon was second in UEFA's women's club rankings to Barcelona.

## Other websites

Official website
Community of İskenderpaşa

Community of İskenderpaşa is a Sufistic community in Turkey. When Mehmed Zahid Kotku was commisioned as imam in Mosque of İskenderpaşa, it started. When he died, the community's leader was Mahmud Esad Coşan. Now, this community's leader is Muharrem Nureddin Coşan.

This community trained very famous politicians. For example. Necmettin Erbakan, Turgut Özal, Recai Kutan, Korkut Özal, Cevat Ayhan, Ahmet Tekdal, Akif Gülle, Hasan Hüseyin Ceylan, Temel Karamollaoğlu, Nevzat Yalçıntaş .
First normal form

**First normal form (1NF)** is a property of a relational model, specifically tables. Within a table that is in first normal form, each row has columns that are each represent one thing and contain one element. Additionally, there are no repeated columns in the table.

First normal form is a minimum criterion of database normalization.
Second normal form

**Second normal form (2NF)** is a property of a relational model, specifically tables that is a criterion of database normalization.

The first criterion of being second normal form is that the table be first normal form.

Within a table that is in second normal form, the data in each columns in each row are dependent on each row's entire primary key. A primary key is one or more columns in a row that is used to identify and index that row of the table. Columns that are not related to every column in the primary key are removed. Only columns that are related to all columns in the primary key are retained.
Third normal form

**Third normal form**  is a property of a relational model, specifically tables that is a criterion of database normalization.

The first criterion of being third normal form is that the table be second normal form.

Within a table that is in third normal form, the data in each column in each row are dependent only on columns that are part of the primary key. A primary key is one or more columns in a row that is used to identify and index that row of the table. Columns that are not related to any column in the primary key are removed.
City car

**City car** is a term used for an automobile that is shorter than a typical subcompact car, in the A-segment group. They're also referred to as an urban car because they're intended for short distances. The most common city cars are the Fiat 500, the Chevrolet Spark and the Ford Ka (only sold outside the US).

## Examples

- Fiat 500
- Fiat Panda
- Toyota Aygo
- Volkswagen Up!
- Kia Picanto
- Smart Fortwo
- Hyundai i10
- Renault Twingo
Bradford West Gwillimbury

**Bradford West Gwillimbury** is a town in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1991 when the town of Bradford was merged with parts of the Townships of West Gwillimbury and Tecumseth. According to the Canada 2021 Census, the town had a population of 42,880.

Two highways run through the town: Highway 9 and Highway 400.
Simcoe County

**Simcoe County** is part of Central Ontario, Canada. It is north of the Greater Toronto Area, between Lake Simcoe and Georgian Bay. It is part of the Golden Horseshoe area. The county covers . In 2021, it had a population of 351,929. It was named by John Graves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, for his father John Simcoe.

Agriculture and manufacturing are a big part of Simcoe County's economy. Honda Canada is one of the county's biggest employers.

The County has sixteen municipalities:
- Town of Bradford West Gwillinbury
- Town of Collingwood
- Town of Innisfil
- Town of Midland
- Town of New Tecumseth
- Town of Penetanguishene
- Town of Wasaga Beach
- Township of Adjala-Tosorontio
- Township of Clearview
- Township of Essa
- Township of Oro-Medonte
- Township of Ramara
- Township of Severn
- Township of Springivater
- Township of Tay
- Township of Tiny, Ontario
The cities of Barrie and Orillia are both in Simcoe County but they are politically independent of the county.
Collingwood, Ontario

**Collingwood** is a town in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. It is on Nottawasaga Bay at the southern end of Georgian Bay. It covers an area of 33.15 square kilometers (12.80 square miles). According to the Canada 2021 Census, it had a population of 24,811. The town is popular for recreational activities, like skiing and hiking.

Collingwood was incorporated as a town in 1858. It was named after Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, who was a British naval officer. In the late 1970s, several industrial and manufacturing companies built factories in the town.
Prince Edward County, Ontario

**Prince Edward County** is a county in Ontario, Canada. It is in Southern Ontario near the eastern end of Lake Ontario. The Bay of Quinte is north and east of the county. The county covers 1,052.61 square kilometers (406.41 square miles). According to the 2021 census, the county had a population of 25,704.

Prince Edward County is a single-tier municipality, which means it is not divided into townships and cities. There are several unincorporated communities in the county, including Picton, where the county government is based.

The Picton Pirates of the Empire B Junior C Hockey League play in Piction. The Wellington Dukes of the Ontario Junior Hockey League play in Wellington.

Prince Edward County is popular with tourists. Because it is on a lake, water sports like canoeing and sailing are very popular. The Sandbanks Provincial Park is near Picton; it is the world's largest fresh water sand bar and dune system.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Prince Edward
- **official name**: County of Prince Edward
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in Ontario#Single-tier municipalities, Single-tier municipality
- **flag size**: 120x100px
- **shield size**: 100x90px
- **image map**: Map of Ontario PRINCE EDWARD.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Ontario
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1792
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1998
- **government type**: Municipality
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Steve Ferguson
- **leader title1**: Federal riding
- **leader name1**: Bay of Quinte (federal electoral district), Bay of Quinte
- **leader title2**: Prov. riding
- **leader name2**: Bay of Quinte (provincial electoral district), Bay of Quinte
- **area land km2**: 1052.61
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population total**: 25,704
- **population density km2**: 24.4
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Time Zone, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **postal code type**: Canadian postal code, Postal Code
- **postal code**: K0K
- **area code**: Area code 613, 613 / Area code 343, 343
- **website**: [https://www.thecounty.ca/ www.thecounty.ca]
Ontario Highway 62

**Ontario Highway 62** is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It starts at Highway 33 in Prince Edward County. It then heads north through Hastings County. It ends in Hastings Highlands, where the highway merges with Highway 127. Highway 62 also passes through Belleville, Madoc, and Bancroft. It is 165.8 kilometers (103 miles) long.
Ontario Highway 34

**Ontario Highway 34** is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It starts at Highway 417 near Vankleek Hill. It continues northeast through the Ottawa Valley. It ends in Hawkesbury. It is 16.9 kilometers (10.5 miles) long. It travels through mostly rural areas.
Manitoba Highway 10

**Manitoba Highway 10** is a provincial highway in the western part of Manitoba, Canada. It is  long. It goes from south to north. It is the longest highway in Manitoba.

The highway starts at the International Peace Garden along the border with North Dakota, near the Manitoba town of Boissevain. It runs through several towns to Flin Flon at the boundary with Sasatchewan, where it goes on as Saskatchewan Highway 167. Some of the other cities and towns it passes through are Brandon, Ethelbert, and Cranberry Portage.

Between Dauphin and The Pas, Highway 10 is part of the Northern Woods and Water Route.
Government of Manitoba

The **government of Manitoba** has three parts. The head of state, Elizabeth II, is represented by the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba. The Lieutenant Governor is appointed by the Governor General of Canada, with the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada.

Manitoba has a unicameral legislature, which is called the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. It has fifty-seven members, who are elected from single-member districts (meaning that only one member is elected from each district). The largest party in the legislature forms the executive branch. The party leader of the largest party becomes the Premier of Manitoba.

As of 2015, the most recent general election in Manitoba was on October 4, 2011. The New Democratic Party of Manitoba won a majority of seats. On October 19, 2009, Greg Selinger became the Premier.

## Related pages

- List of Manitoba general elections
- List of political parties in Manitoba
New Democratic Party of Manitoba

The **New Democratic Party of Manitoba** (NDP) is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. It is the provincial wing of the federal New Democratic Party (NDP). It was formed from the Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. In 1961, the national Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) merged with the Canadian Labour Congress to form the NDP. The Manitoba wing of the CCF took the New Democratic Party name on November 4, 1961.

The NDP formed a minority government after winning 28 out of 57 seats in the 1969 general election. Edward Schreyer became premier. In the 1973 general election, the NDP won 31 seats and formed a majority government. The party was the largest party in the assembly until the 1988 general election. After that election, the party won only 12 seats.

The party was returned to government in the 1999 general election and formed the government after that.
2011 Manitoba general election

The **40th general election of Manitoba** was on October 4, 2011. It was to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. The New Democratic Party (NDP) won 37 out of 57 seats, the Progressive Conservative Party (PCP) won 19 seats. The Liberal Party won one seat. The Green Party and the Communist Party both ran candidates but none were elected.

Since they had a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly, the NDP formed the government, with Greg Selinger as Premier. The PCP formed the official opposition.

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2011 Manitoba general election
- **country**: Manitoba
- **type**: parliamentary
- **ongoing**: no
- **party colour**: no
- **party name**: no
- **previous election**: 2007 Manitoba general election
- **previous year**: 2007
- **next election**: 2016 Manitoba general election
- **next year**: 2016
- **seats for election**: 57 seats of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
29 seats are needed for a majority
- **opinion polls**: #Opinion polls
- **image1**:
- **leader1**: Greg Selinger
- **leader since1**: 2009 New Democratic Party of Manitoba leadership election, October 17, 2009
- **leaders seat1**: St. Boniface (provincial electoral district), St. Boniface
- **last election1**: 36 seats, 48.00%
- **seats1**: 37
- **seat change1**: 1
- **popular vote1**: 199,066
- **percentage1**: 46.16%
- **swing1**: 1.84%
- **image2**:
- **leader2**: Hugh McFadyen
- **leader since2**: Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba leadership elections#2006 Progressive Conservative leadership convention, April 29, 2006
- **leaders seat2**: Fort Whyte
- **last election2**: 19 seats, 37.89%
- **seats2**: 19
- **seat change2**: 0
- **popular vote2**: 188,528
- **percentage2**: 43.71%
- **swing2**: 5.97%
- **image3**:
- **leader3**: Jon Gerrard
- **leader since3**: Manitoba Liberal Party leadership elections#1998 leadership election results, October 17, 1998
- **leaders seat3**: River Heights (electoral district), River Heights
- **last election3**: 2 seats, 12.39%
- **seats3**: 1
- **seat change3**: 1
- **popular vote3**: 32,420
- **percentage3**: 7.52%
- **swing3**: 4.60%
- **map image**: Manitoba_Election_2011_Results_Map.svg
- **map size**: 431px
- **map caption**: Popular vote by riding. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead via results by each riding.
- **title**: Premier
- **posttitle**: Premier after election
- **before election**: Greg Selinger
- **before party**: New Democratic Party of Manitoba, New Democratic
- **after election**: Greg Selinger
- **after party**: New Democratic Party of Manitoba, New Democratic
Manitoba Liberal Party

The **Manitoba Liberal Party** is a political party in Manitoba, Canada. The party developed in the 1880s from the Provincial Rights Party. The Liberal party won the 1915 general elections winning 40 seats out of 57 in the Legislative Assembly. This was the largest victory in Manitoba history. However, in the 1922 general elections, the Liberals lost power to the United Farmers of Manitoba. Support for the Liberal party declined in the decades after this election. From 1932 to 1961, the party merged with the Progressive Party of Manitoba as the Liberal-Progressive Party. In 1961 it changed its name back to the Liberal Party.

In the 1981 general elections, the party failed to win any seats at all for the first time in its history.
Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba

The **Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba** (or PCP) is the one of the right-wing political parties in Manitoba, Canada. The party was founded in 1882. It formed the government for the province between 1899 and 1915. It lost power in the 1915 general election because of a scandal about the building of the Manitoba Legislative Building.

During the 20th century, the PCP formed the provincial government several times. After the 1988 general election, the party formed a minority government and remained in power for several years. In the Manitoba general election, 1999, it lost power to the New Democratic Party. In the 2011 general election, the PCP formed the opposition in the Legislative Assembly, with eight seats.

On July 30, 2012, Brian Pallister became the party leader. He is also the Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly. After the 2016 elections, the PCP won a majority government and Pallister became the Premier of Manitoba.
Legislative Assembly of Manitoba

The **Legislative Assembly of Manitoba** is the unicameral assembly of the legislature of Manitoba, Canada. There are fifty-seven members, all from single-member constituencies. Each is elected in provincial general elections in a first-past-the-post voting system. The assembly meets in the Manitoba Legislative Building in Winnipeg.

The Premier of Manitoba is usually the leader of the largest party in the Legislative Assembly. The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba is the presiding officer of the legislature.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **name**: Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
- **native name**: **'
- **native name lang**: fr
- **legislature**: 42nd Manitoba Legislature, 42nd Legislature
- **coa pic**: Coat of arms of Manitoba.svg
- **house type**: Lower house (1870–1876) then unicameral house
- **body**: Manitoba Legislature
- **leader1 type**: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, Speaker
- **leader1**: Myrna Driedger
- **party1**: Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba, PC
- **leader2 type**: Premier of Manitoba, Premier
- **leader2**: Brian Pallister
- **party2**: Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba, PC
- **leader3 type**: Leader of the Opposition (Manitoba), Leader of the Official Opposition
- **leader3**: Wab Kinew
- **party3**: New Democratic Party of Manitoba, NDP
- **leader4 type**: Government House Leader
- **leader4**: Kelvin Goertzen
- **party4**: Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba, PC
- **leader5 type**: Official Opposition House Leader
- **leader5**: Nahanni Fontaine
- **party5**: New Democratic Party of Manitoba, NDP
- **members**: 57
- **structure1**: Legislative_Assembly_of_Manitoba_-_Party_Layout_Chart_Jan_2017.svg
- **structure1 res**: 200px
- **political groups1**: **Government of Manitoba, Her Majesty's Government**
* Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba, PC (36)

**Official Opposition (Canada), Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition**
* New Democratic Party of Manitoba, NDP (18)

**Other parties_'
* Manitoba Liberal Party, Liberal (3)
- **voting system1**: First Past the Post
- **last election1**: 2019 Manitoba general election, September 10, 2019
- **next election1**: _On or before October 3, 2023''
- **session room**: Parliamentwinnipeg_manitoba.jpg
- **meeting place**: Manitoba Legislative Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba
Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba

The **Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba** is the representative of the Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II in the government of Manitoba. The Manitoba lieutenant governor is appointed in the same way as the other Canadian lieutenant governors. Most of the lieutenant governor's roles are ceremonial, such as giving provincial awards and decorations.

The office of Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba was created in 1870, when Manitoba became a province. The first lieutenant governor was Adams George Archibald, from 1870 to 1872.
Premier of Manitoba

The **Premier of Manitoba** is the head of government for the province of Manitoba, Canada. The Premier is appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, who represents the Queen. The Premier is usually the head of the largest party in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. The Premier then appoints the Cabinet of Manitoba.

The current Premier of Manitoba is Heather Stefanson of the Progressive Conservative Party. She was sworn in on November 2, 2021 becoming the first female premier of Manitoba.

## Other websites

- Premier of Manitoba Official Site
Ambroise Paré

**Ambroise Paré** (1510-1590) was an important French surgeon of the 16th century. He caused a major change in how medicine was practiced. Unlike surgeons before him, he cared about his patients. He worked to promote healing and minimize a patient's pain. His said "I dressed him, God cured him." Paré was a royal surgeon to several French kings including Henry II. He considered by many to be the father of modern surgery.

## Career

Paré was born about 1510 in France. His father was a country artisan. As a youth he was an apprentice to a barber. Then he trained as a barber-surgeon in Paris. This was at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris hospital.

There were three levels of those who practiced medicine. Physicians were at the top and were the only ones who could be members of the Faculty of Medicine. Master surgeons were the next group. Paré belonged to the lowest group, the barber-surgeons. At the time wars were being fought all around him. Battlefield medicine was brutal and dirty. Firearms were a new weapon on the battlefield and were causing new and different wounds. Shrapnel, shot and bullets were a new problem for surgeons. They also believed gunpowder was poisonous. To stop the bleeding, they poured boiling oil over the wound. This burned an already suffering soldier.

In 1536, Paré was a young war surgeon just getting started on the battlefield. He ran out of oil to seal soldiers' wounds after amputations. He made up a mix of egg yolks, oil of roses and turpentine. He applied this to several soldier's wounds. The next morning he was surprised to see those soldiers with the mix he made up were much better than the soldiers who had been scalded. He used ligatures to tie off arteries during amputations to stop bleeding.

## Royal surgeon

In 1552, Paré became the official royal surgeon. He was surgeon to four French kings: Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III.

Paré wrote his first book, _Methods of Treating Wounds_, in 1545. He wrote it in French because he did not speak Latin. In 1575 he published his collected works. He was severely criticized by the Faculty of Physicians. This was the top school of physicians in France. Paré was called an ignorant fraud by Etienne Gourmelen, the dean of the Faculty. He stated no books on medicine could be published except through the Faculty of Physicians. Paré had the support of the king so his books sold without the Faculty. He wrote three more books. Paré wrote his own story titled _The Apology and Treatise of Ambroise Paré_.

## Other websites

- Pages from Pare's 1575 book at the James Lind Library
1981 Manitoba general election

The **Manitoba general election of November 17, 1981** was held to elect members to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, Canada. The New Democratic Party won the election. They won 34 out of 57 seats. The Progressive Conservative Party won the remaining 23 seats. The Manitoba Liberal Party didn't win any seats for the first time in its history. The Progressive Party (which ran for the first time), the Communist Party, and Western Canada Concept Party also ran candidates in the election. None of these parties won any seats.

Howard Pawley of the New Democratic Party became premier.
1999 Manitoba general election

The **Manitoba general election of September 21, 1999** was held to elect members to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, Canada. The New Democratic Party won the election. They won 32 out of 57 seats. The Progressive Conservative Party won 24 seats. The Manitoba Liberal Party won one seat. The Manitoba Party, the Green Party, the Libertarian Party, and the Communist Party all ran candidates as well, but none won any seats. Each of those parties got less than 1% of the total vote.

The New Democratic Party formed the government for the first time since losing the 1988 general election. Gary Doer became premier.
Rhynia

***Rhynia*** is a genus of Early Devonian fossil land plants. Only one species is known, _R. gwynne-vaughanii_. The fossils are the sporophyte generation of a vascular plant. _Rhynia_ had anatomical features more advanced than those of the bryophytes.

## Related pages

- _Horneophyton_, a fossil non-vascular plant similar to _Rhynia_
Rhynie

**Rhynie** () () is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is 14 miles northwest of Alford.

The Rhynie chert is named after the village, as well as the extinct plant genus Rhynia. The Rhynie chert is a sedimentary rock.  It was deposited during the Devonian period and contains the oldest fossil insect in the world.

The Station Hotel at Rhynie is mentioned as a joke in the sketch "The Will" by Scotland the What. The joke is that there is no railway station at Rhynie, "..but they were aye hopin' for one."

## History

Eight Pictish symbol stones have been found at Rhynie. These include the "Rhynie Man", discovered in 1978. It is a six foot tall boulder carved with a bearded man carrying an axe. It may possibly be the Celtic god Esus.

The "Rhynie Man" now stands inside Woodhill House (the headquarters of the Aberdeenshire Council ) in Aberdeen.

In 2011, archaeological excavations at Rhynie, near the site of the "Rhynie Man", dug up a fortified settlement. It dates to the early medieval period.  Among the finds at the site were fragments of a late 5th or 6th century Roman amphora. It is the only known example of a Roman amphora from Eastern Britain that dates to the post-Roman period. This must have been imported from the Mediterranean region. It means that the inhabitants of the settlement must have been of high status.  Archaeologists have said that the settlement may have been a royal family site where Pictish kings lived.

## Other websites

- Rhynie in the _Gazetteer for Scotland_
Todor Slavov

**Todor Slavov** (; 22 January 1984 – 28 June 2015) was a Bulgarian rally driver.

On 28 June 2015, Slavov was involved in a crash at Rally Tvarditsa-Elena. Soon after, he died of fatal injuries.

## Infobox (racing driver)

- **name**: Todor Slavov
- **image**: Todor slavov 2010.JPG
- **imagesize**: 240px
- **nationality**: Bulgarian
- **death place**: near Elena, Bulgaria
- **birth place**: Varna, Bulgaria, Varna, Bulgaria
- **current series**: Junior World Rally Championship, Bulgarian rally championship
- **first year**: 2005
- **current team**: BULBET Rally Team
- **starts**: 39 (A7, N3, N2)
- **wins**: 19 (A7, N3, N2)
- **titles**: 1
- **title years**: 2008(Group A, class A7)
Wally Stanowski

**Walter Peter Stanowski** (April 28, 1919 – June 28, 2015) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

## Career

Stanowski started his National Hockey League career with the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1939. In 1941, he was a member of the NHL All-Star Team. He won four Stanley Cups with the Maple Leafs. Stanowski was traded to the New York Rangers after the 1947-48 season. He retired after the 1951 season.

Stanowski was the last surviving member of Maple Leafs 1942 and 1945 Stanley Cup team.

## Death

As of 2015, Stanowski lived in a retirement home near Toronto. He died on June 28, 2015.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Wally Stanowski Leafs.jpg
- **caption**: Stanowski with the Maple Leafs
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **played for**: Toronto Maple Leafs
New York Rangers
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 180
- **birth place**: Winnipeg, Manitoba, MB, Canada, CAN
- **death place**: Toronto, Ontario, ON, CAN
- **career start**: 1939
- **career end**: 1951
Charles Pasqua

**Charles Pasqua** (18 April 1927 – 29 June 2015) was a French businessman and Gaullist politician. He was Interior Minister from 1986 to 1988, under Jacques Chirac's _cohabitation_ government, and also from 1993 to 1995, under the government of Édouard Balladur.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Charles Pasqua
- **image**: Charles Pasqua.jpg
- **office**: Minister of the Interior (France), Minister of the Interior
- **term start**: 29 March 1993
- **term end**: 16 May 1995
- **predecessor**: Paul Quilès
- **successor**: Jean-Louis Debré
- **term start2**: 20 March 1986
- **term end2**: 10 May 1988
- **predecessor2**: Pierre Joxe
- **successor2**: Pierre Joxe
- **birth place**: Grasse, France
- **death place**: Suresnes, France
- **party**: Union for a Popular Movement
<small>(2002-2015)</small>
- **otherparty**: Rally of the French People
<small>(1947-1955)</small>
Union for the New Republic
<small>(1958-1968)</small>
Union of Democrats for the Republic
<small>(1968-1976)</small>
Rally for the Republic
<small>(1976-1999)</small>
Rally for France
<small>(1999-2002)</small>
- **spouse**: Jeanne Joly (1947-2015)
- **children**: Pierre-Philippe Pasqua (1948-2015)
Chris Squire

**Christopher Russell Edward** (known as **Chris Squire**; 4 March 1948 – 27 June 2015) was an English musician and singer-songwriter. He was best known as the bassist and founding member of the progressive rock band Yes. He was the only member to appear on each of their 21 studio albums, released from 1969 to 2014.

In May 2015, Squire announced a hiatus from Yes after he was diagnosed with acute erythroid leukemia. Squire died on 27 June at his home in Phoenix, Arizona, aged 67.

## Other websites

- 1983 audio interview with Trevor Rabin, Alan White, Chris Squire, Jon Anderson, Rick Wakeman

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Chris Squire
- **image**: Chris Squire Beacon Theatre 2013-04-09.jpg
- **caption**: Squire performing with Yes in New York in April 2013
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Christopher Russell Edward Squire
- **birth place**: Kingsbury, Middlesex, England
- **death place**: Phoenix, Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
- **instrument**: Vocals, bass
- **genre**: Progressive rock, symphonic rock, pop rock
- **occupation**: Musician, singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 1965–2015
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic, Wounded Bird Records, Wounded Bird, Sanctuary Records, Sanctuary, Lime, Stone Ghost
- **associated acts**: The Selfs, The Syn, Mabel Greer's Toyshop, Yes (band), Yes, XYZ (UK band), XYZ, Conspiracy (band), Conspiracy, A Life Within a Day, Squackett
2015 Clinton Correctional Facility escape

The **2015 Clinton Correctional Facility escape** took place on June 6, 2015, when two inmates were discovered missing during a 5:30 a.m. bed check at the maximum security Clinton Correctional Facility in New York. The inmates were Richard Matt and David Sweat. Both men had been convicted of murder. Nearly three weeks later, Matt was found at Malone, New York, where he was shot and killed. Two days after that, Sweat was shot in Constable, New York and taken into custody.
Conservative Political Action Conference

The **Conservative Political Action Conference** (**CPAC**;  ) is an annual political conference in National Harbor, Maryland attended by conservative activists and elected officials from across the United States.  CPAC is hosted by the American Conservative Union (ACU). More than 100 other organizations contribute in various ways.

In 2011, ACU took CPAC on the road with its first Regional CPAC in Orlando, Florida. Since then ACU has hosted regional CPACs in Chicago, Denver, St. Louis, and San Diego.

The conference was founded in 1973 by the American Conservative Union and Young Americans for Freedom as a small gathering of dedicated conservatives. Over the years it has grown to thousands of attendees annually. Roughly half of those in attendance in the past few years have been college-aged.

Speakers have included Ronald Reagan, George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Pat Buchanan, Karl Rove, Newt Gingrich, Sarah Palin, Ron Paul, Mitt Romney, Tony Snow, Glenn Beck, Rush Limbaugh, Ann Coulter, Allen West, Michele Bachmann, and other conservative public figures. Before, during, and after his presidency, Ronald Reagan spoke at CPAC a total of 12 times. In 2017, President Donald Trump spoke at the event.

## Other websites

- CPAC Official site
- Home page for the American Conservative Union, the organization that runs CPAC
Special Olympics

**Special Olympics** is the world's largest sports organization for children and adults with intellectual disabilities. It provides year-round training and competitions to more than 4.4 million athletes in 193 countries. Special Olympics competitions are held every day, all around the world. This includes local, national, and regional competitions. Combined, they add up to more than 100,000 events a year.

These competitions include the Special Olympics World Games, which switch between summer and winter games. Special Olympics World Games are held every four years. The most recent World Games were the 2025 Special Olympics World Winter Games, held in Turin, Italy. They ran from March 8, 2025 to March 15, 2025. The Flame of Hope is the symbol of the Special Olympics.  This torch is lit in Athens, Greece, where it begins its journey to the World Games. Many people, including athletes and law enforcement, carry the flame in a relay to the host city. The torch stays lit until the end of the Games.

The next Special Olympics World Summer Games will happen in Santiago, Chile, in 2027.

## Infobox (organization)

- **logo size**: 250px
- **language**: English language, English

- **key people**: Timothy Shriver <small>(Chairman of the Board)</small>
 Mary Davis (activist), Mary Davis <small> (Chief Executive Officer)</small>
 William P. Alford <small> (Lead Director & Vice Chair)</small>
Angelo Moratti <small> (Vice Chair)</small>
Loretta Claiborne<small> (Vice Chair)</small>
 Michelle Kwan <small> (Treasurer)</small>
- **name**: Special Olympics
- **founder**: Eunice Kennedy Shriver
- **location**: 1133 19th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., United States, U.S. 20036
- **origins**: Camp Shriver
- **area served**: International
Silphium

**Silphium** was a plant that was used in classical antiquity as a seasoning and as a medicine. It is also known as ***silphion***, ***laserwort***, or ***laser***. It was the essential item of trade from the ancient North African city of Cyrene. Most of the coins from Cyrene show a picture of the plant. The valuable product was the plant's resin (called _laser_, ***laserpicium***, or ***lasarpicium***).

Silphium was an important species. The Egyptians and the Minoan civilization of Knossos used a special glyph in their writing for the silphium plant. It was used by most ancient Mediterranean cultures. The Romans considered it "worth its weight in denarii" (silver coins). Legend said that it was a gift from the god Apollo.

Which plant species silphium was is unclear. It is commonly believed to be a now-extinct plant of the genus _Ferula_.  The still-living plant species _Ferula tingitana_ has been suggested as another possibility. Another resin from different _Ferula_ species, asafoetida, was used as a cheaper substitute for silphium. Asafoetida is still available.

## Further reading

- Herodotus. _The Histories_. II:161, 181, III:131, IV:150–65, 200–05.
- Pausanias. _Description of Greece_ 3.16.1–3
- Pliny the Elder. _Natural History_. XIX:15 and XXII:100–06.
- Theophrastus. _Enquiry into plants and minor works on odours and weather signs, with an English translation by Sir Arthur Hort, bart (1916)_. Volume 1 (Books I–V) and Volume 2 (Books VI–IX) Volume 2 includes the index, which lists silphium (Greek σιλϕιον) on page 476, column 2, 2nd entry.
Monster Hunter

is a video game series developed and published by Capcom. The games have the player hunt monsters and build new weapons and armour.

### Main Series

- _Monster Hunter_
- _Monster Hunter 2_
- _Monster Hunter Tri_
- _Monster Hunter 4_
- _Monster Hunter: World_
    - _Monster Hunter World: Icebone_
- _Monster Hunter Rise_

### Freedom Series

- _Monster Hunter Freedom_
- _Monster Hunter Freedom 2_
    - _Monster Hunter Freedom Unite_
- _Monster Hunter Portable 3rd_

### Frontier series

- _Monster Hunter Frontier Online_
- _Monster Hunter Frontier G_

### Stories Series

- _Monster Hunter Stories_
- _Monster Hunter Stories 2: Wings of Run_

### Other series

- _Monster Hunter Generations_
- _Monster Hunter Diary_
- _Monster Hunter: Dynamic Hunting_
- _Monster Hunter Orage_
- _Monster Hunter_ (2020)

## Other websites

- _Monster Hunter_ official website for North America

## Infobox (vg series)

- **title**: _Monster Hunter_
- **developer**: Capcom
- **publisher**: Capcom
- **first release version**: _Monster Hunter (video game), Monster Hunter_
- **first release date**: March 11, 2004
- **latest release version**: _Monster Hunter Stories 2: Wings of Ruin_
- **latest release date**: July 9, 2021
- **year of inception**: 2004
- **genre**: Action role-playing game, Action role-playing
- **platforms**: PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Portable, PlayStation Vita, Microsoft Windows, Windows, Wii, Wii U, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Nintendo 3DS, Nintendo Switch, iOS, Google Play
- **platform of origin**: PlayStation 2
Streets of Rage (video game)

***Streets of Rage*** is a beat 'em up video game. It was released in Japan as . The game was made and published by Sega for the Sega Genesis in 1991, for the Game Gear in 1992 and for the Master System in 1993.

It is the first game in the _Streets of Rage_ series. It is followed by _Streets of Rage 2_ (released in 1992).

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Streets of Rage
- **developer**: Sega
- **publisher**: Sega
- **director**: Noriyoshi Ohba
- **designer**: Noriyoshi Ohba
Hiroaki Chino
- **programmer**: Hiroshi Momota
- **composer**: Yuzo Koshiro
- **released**: **Mega Drive/Genesis**
**Game Gear***'Master System***'3DS**
- **series**: _Streets of Rage_
- **genre**: Beat 'em up
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer (up to two players)
- **platforms**: Sega Genesis, Mega Drive/Genesis, Sega CD, Game Gear, Master System, Nintendo 3DS
Streets of Rage 2

***Streets of Rage 2*** is a beat 'em up video game. It was released on the Sega Mega Drive in the year 1992. The game was released in Japan as . In Europe it was titled ***Streets of Rage II***.  It is the second game in the Streets of Rage series.
The game has been praised for its soundtrack.

It is the second game in the _Streets of Rage_ series. It is a sequel to _Streets of Rage_ (released in 1991) and it is followed by _Streets of Rage 3_ (released in 1994).

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Streets of Rage 2
- **developer**: Sega
Ancient (company), Ancient
MNM Software
Shout! Designworks
H.I.C.
- **publisher**: Sega
- **series**: _Streets of Rage_
- **producer**: Noriyoshi Ohba
- **designer**: Kataru Uchimura
Ayano Koshiro
Mikito Ichikawa
- **programmer**: Kataru Uchimura
Akitoshi Kawano
Yukio Takahashi
- **composer**: Yuzo Koshiro
Motohiro Kawashima
- **released**: **Mega Drive / Genesis**
**Game Gear**
**3DS**
- **genre**: Beat 'em up
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer (up to two players)
- **platforms**: Arcade cabinet, Arcade, Sega Genesis, Mega Drive/Genesis, Game Gear, Master System, PSN, Nintendo eShop, 3DS eShop
Koska Helvacısı

**Koska Helvacısı** or simply **Koska** is the leading brand and trademark of helva (halva) and Turkish delight production in Turkey.

## Name

Koska was a former quarter of Istanbul, near Laleli. The company takes its name from their old location at Koska. Helvacı means producer or seller of sweets in Turkish. "Koska Helvacısı", then, "Sweetshop of Koska".

## History

Koska's origins go back to the city of Denizli in the early 1900s. It was founded by Hacı Emin Bey.

His son Halil İbrahim Adil Dindar came to Istanbul in 1931. He started a helva production and sale shop at Koska. In 1982, after the death of their father, the three Dindar brothers inherited the company and divided it into two. They made an agreement to continue to use the brand name of Koska, both of them independently. Nevzat and Mümtaz Dindar established "Merter Helva" under the brand name "Koska". Mahir Dindar established "Mahir Gıda" under the brand name "Koska Helvacısı". Thus both companies market(ed) their products using the traditional name "Koska".

## At present

In 2011, Merter added a "nazar boncuğu" (traditional blue and white bead for good luck) image to its logo, with the aim of differentiating the two companies. This was criticised by Mahir Gıda as a violation of their agreement. They announced that no Koska product bore any signs like bugs, flowers or beads. In return, Merter announced that no Koska product without the image of the "Helvacı Dede" (Grandpa Helvacı) is genuine Koska.

Merter Helva drafted a "constitution" or agreement not to have similar divisions in the future. They also received a "kosher food" and a "halal food" certificate.

Both companies produce Turkish delight, fruit preserves and various other sweet confections. This is in addition to the traditional "helva".

## Other websites

- Official internet page of "Koska Helvacısı" by Mahir Gıda
- Official internet page of "Koska" by Menter Helva
The Miracle of Bern

***The Miracle of Bern*** () is a 2003 movie directed by Sönke Wortmann. It tells the story of a German family (particularly of a young boy and his depressed ex-POW father). It is also about the unexpected West German miracle victory in the 1954 World Cup Final in Bern, Switzerland. The film is a portrait of post-war Germany. With over 6 million visitors, it is one of Germany's best-selling movies.

## Plot

In 1954, Richard (Peter Lohmeyer) returns to his German hometown after seven years as a prisoner of war (ww2). The years have caused some consequences, and he fails to relate to his family. Particularly he does not relate to his soccer-loving son, Matthias (Louis Klamroth). Meanwhile, a journalist (Lucas Gregorowicz) and his wife head to Bern, Switzerland, to write about the World Cup. The stories of these strangers converge when they arrive in Bern. There they witness an uplifting German performance in a game against Hungary.
Marujita Díaz

**Marujita Díaz** (**María del Dulce Nombre Díaz Ruiz**; 27 April 1932 – 23 June 2015) was a Spanish singer and actress. She was born in Sevilla, Spain. Díaz was known for presenting the very popular show _Música y estrellas_.

Díaz died of respiratory failure caused by colon cancer in Madrid, aged 83.
Jackson Vroman

**Jackson Vroman** (June 6, 1981 – June 29, 2015) was an American-born Lebanese professional basketball player. He was naturalized as a Lebanese citizen to play for the Lebanon national basketball team. He was the son of former NBA player Brett Vroman, who played briefly for the Utah Jazz in the 1980-81 NBA season.

## Biography

Vroman was born in Laguna, California. He studied at Snow Community College in Ephraim, Utah and Iowa State University.

Jackson was a second-round draft pick of the Chicago Bulls in the 2004 NBA Draft. He played for the Phoenix Suns and the New Orleans Hornets/New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets.

Vroman was found dead in a swimming pool at his home in Los Angeles County, California on June 29, 2015, aged 34. His drowning is thought to have been an accident.

## Infobox (nba biography)

- **name**: Jackson Vroman
- **image**: Jackson Vroman.jpg
- **caption**: Vroman with Lebanon against Japan
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lbs**: 220
- **birth place**: Laguna, Sacramento County, California, Laguna, California
- **death place**: Los Angeles County, California
- **nationality**: American / Lebanese
- **highschool**: Viewmont High School, Viewmont (Bountiful, Utah)
- **college**: *Snow College (2000–2002)
*Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball, Iowa State (2002–2004)
- **draft year**: 2004
- **draft round**: 2
- **draft pick**: 31
- **draft team**: Chicago Bulls
- **career start**: 2004
- **career end**: 2015
- **career position**: Power forward (basketball), Power forward / Center (basketball), Center
- **career number**: 4
- **team1**: Phoenix Suns
- **years2**: –
- **team2**: New Orleans Pelicans, New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets
- **years3**: 2006–2007
- **team3**: CB Gran Canaria
- **years4**: 2007–2008
- **team4**: CB Girona
- **years5**: 2008
- **team5**: BC Lietuvos Rytas
- **years6**: 2009
- **team6**: Saba Mehr Qazvin BC, Saba Mehr
- **years7**: 2009–2010
- **team7**: Mahram Tehran BC, Mahram
- **years8**: 2010–2011
- **team8**: Dongguan Leopards
- **years9**: 2011
- **team9**: Incheon ET Land Elephants
- **years10**: 2011–2012
- **team10**: Jiangsu Dragons
- **years11**: 2012
- **team11**: Barangay Ginebra Kings
- **years12**: 2012–2013
- **team12**: Shandong Lions
- **years13**: 2013–2014
- **team13**: Jiangsu Dragons
- **years14**: 2014
- **team14**: Capitanes de Arecibo
Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Chris Christie**, the 55th Governor of New Jersey, began on June 30, 2015 at an event in his hometown of Livingston, New Jersey. Christie was seen by many as a possible presidential candidate in the 2016 U.S. presidential race. He withdrew on February 10, 2016.

## Background

In January 2015, Christie formed a PAC to see if running for president was a good idea. The campaign's headquarters is in Trenton, New Jersey.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **committee**: Chris Christie for President, Inc.
- **logo**: Christie 2k16.png
- **campaign**: U.S. presidential election, 2016
- **candidate**: Chris Christie
<small>Governor of New Jersey (2010–present)</small>
- **status**: Announced June 30, 2015
Suspended February 10, 2016
- **cand id**: P60008521
- **fec date**: 2015-06-30
- **affiliation**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **headquarters**: P.O. Box 225
 Colonia, New Jersey
- **slogan**: Telling it like it is
- **homepage**: https://www.chrischristie.com/
Jaime Nebot

**Jaime José Nebot Saadi** (born October 22, 1946) is an Ecuadorian politician. He was mayor of Guayaquil, which is Ecuador's largest city until 2019. Although he is a member of the Social Christian Party, he has distanced himself from it and now is more on running the city. Nebot twice ran unsuccessfully for President of Ecuador. He is considered as the protégé of former president León Febres-Cordero.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jaime José Nebot Saadi
- **image**: Jaime Nebot Saadi.jpg
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **party**: Madera de Guerrero
Social Christian Party (Ecuador), Social Christian Party (_Partido Social Cristiano_)
- **predecessor**: León Febres Cordero, León Febres-Cordero Rivadeneira
- **term**: August 10, 2000
- **office**: Mayor of Guayaquil
- **office2**: Governor of Guayas Province, Guayas province
- **term2**: August 1984 – August 1988
- **predecessor2**: Gustavo Noboa
- **office3**: Member of National Congress (Ecuador), Congress (Guayas Province)
- **term3**: August 1, 1998 – August 10, 2000
- **term4**: August 8, 1990 – August 9, 1992
Eddy Louiss

**Eddy Louiss** (May 2, 1941 – June 30, 2015) was a French jazz musician. His primary instrument is the Hammond organ. As a vocalist, he was a member of Les Double Six of Paris from 1961 through 1963.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Eddy Louiss
- **image**: Eddy Louiss 2011.jpg
- **caption**: Eddy Louiss at Paris Jazz Festival 2011
- **background**: non_performing_personnel
- **birth name**: Édouard Louise
- **alias**: Eddy Louiss
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Poitiers, France
- **instrument**: Hammond organ
- **genre**: Jazz
- **years active**: since 1957
Zvi Elpeleg

**Zvi Elpeleg** (1926 – 27 June 2015) was a Polish-born Israeli academic, author, and a senior researcher at the Dayan Institute at Tel Aviv University. He born in Poland. Elpeleg served as a colonel in the Israeli army and later received an ambassadorial appointment.
Steve Harwell

**Steven Scott Harwell** (9 January 1967 – 4 September 2023) was an American singer who was the lead vocalist for the American band Smash Mouth. He died on 4 September 2023 due to liver failure.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Steve Harwell
- **image**: Smash Mouth - 8550719875.jpg
- **birth name**: Steven Scott Harwell
- **birth place**: Santa Clara, California, Santa Clara, California, U.S.
- **origin**: San Jose, California, San Jose, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Boise, Idaho, Idaho, U.S.
- **years active**: 1988–2021
- **past members**: Smash Mouth
Skate punk

**Skate punk** is a music genre related to punk rock music. It began on the West Coast. It is a popular music with skateboarders and their culture.

Skate punk means the sound of melodic hardcore bands from the 1990s with an aggressive sound, and similar sounding modern bands. Many bands classified as skate punk also fit into genres such as pop punk, melodic hardcore, thrashcore, metalcore, surf punk and crossover thrash.

Skate videos use this aggressive style of punk rock for their background music. This played a big part in the coining of the term "skate punk".
Skate punk is now popular in other parts of the world, including a large punk group in Oxnard, California.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Skate punk
- **bgcolor**: crimson
- **color**: white
- **stylistic origins**: Punk rock, surf rock, hardcore punk, melodic hardcore
- **cultural origins**: Mid 1980s, North America, skateboarding, skate culture
- **instruments**: Singing, Vocals, Electric guitar, guitar, Bass guitar, bass, Drum kit, drums, keyboard instrument, keyboards
- **popularity**: Popular in the 1990s
- **regional scenes**: * California
* Florida
* New Jersey
- **other topics**: * DIY
* skateboarding
* surf punk