juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dual monarchy

**Dual monarchy**  is a union of two monarchies where the thrones of each monarchy are combined. A typical case is a personal union in which the crowns of the separate kingdoms are held by one person. The following are examples of dual monarchies, listed alphabetically with the dominant or co-dominant nation first:

- Austria-Hungary, a dual monarchy that existed from 1867 to 1918.
- Babylon and Nippur during the second half of the rule of the Kassite government in Babylonia, the 13th and 12th centuries BC; the governor of Nippur, the _guennakku_, ruled as a secondary administrative monarch.
- Brandenburg-Prussia from 1618 until 1701, when King Frederick III became King in Prussia
- Castile and Aragón from the union of 1469 resulting from the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile until the abolition of the Crown of Aragón by the Nueva Planta decrees in 1707. The Kingdom of Spain technically existed as a dual monarchy for 238 years and, for this reason, American history lessons about Spain at the time of the voyages of Christopher Columbus teach not simply about "King Ferdinand," but about "Ferdinand and Isabella."
- Denmark and England from the conquest of England by Sweyn I of Denmark in 1013 until the death of Harthacanute in 1042 and the dissolution of the union.
- Denmark-Norway, a dual monarchy that existed from 1536 to 1814.
- Sweden-Norway, a dual monarchy that existed from 1814 to 1905
- Various periods of personal unions between the monarchies on the British Isles:
    - England and Ireland from 1541 to 1707. (_Including  Scotland between 1603 and 1707, although parts of Scotland held out until 1652._)
    - Great Britain and Ireland from 1707 to 1800.
    - United Kingdom and the Irish Free State from 1927 to 1936/1949. (See Monarchy in the Irish Free State.)
- Kush and Egypt during the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt, with Kushite kings on a dual throne from circa 780 BC to 672 BC.
- The Netherlands and Great Britain from 1689 to 1702 as a result of the British Glorious Revolution replacing James II of England with the stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau and his co-ruler and wife Mary II of England
- Oman and Zanzibar as a dual sultanate from the death of Said bin Sultan in 1856 until the British conquest of Zanzibar in 1896.
- Poland-Lithuania from the Union of Krewo in 1385 to its liquidation by the third and final of the Partitions of Poland in 1795. This was the personal union known as the Polish-Lithuanian Union from 1385 to 1569, when the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was founded. In 1401, Lithuania was granted vast internal autonomy by the Union of Vilnius and Radom.
- Portugal and Brazil from the relocation of the Portuguese monarchy from Napoleonic-occupied Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 1808 until the independence of the Brazilian Empire in 1825.
- Spain and Portugal during the Iberian Union from 1580 to 1640.  This was technically a triple monarchy of Castile, Aragón, and Portugal (see above).  The Kalmar Union between Denmark, Norway and Sweden was also a triple monarchy.

## Related pages

- Personal union
Carl von Moers

**Carl von Moers** (9 December 1871 in Neuwied – 26 May 1957) was a German horse rider who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

He and his horse _May-Queen_ won the silver medal as members of the German team at the 1912 Summer Olympics.  But he was 15th in the individual eventing competition.

He also participated in the individual dressage event at the 1912 Summer Olympics with his horse _New Bank_. They finished twelfth.

## Other websites

- Data for Moers at sports-reference.com
- list of German equestrians
Burnham Grammar School

**Burnham Grammar School** (BGS) is a grammar school in Burnham, Buckinghamshire. It was established and opened in 1960. They are a community education school. The school takes children from the age of 11 to the age of 18. The school has an estimated 900 pupils. The pupils are split into five houses.

The school has an all weather sports pitch which the Wycombe Wanderers first team occasionally train on.

In September 2004, the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) awarded the school status as a Science College.

The current head teacher of the school is Dr. Andrew Gillespie who took over from Cathy Long in January 2008.

## Famous alumni

- Mike Ashley, entrepreneur and owner of Newcastle United F.
- Jimmy Carr, comedian
- David Connolly, professional footballer
- Ulrika Jonsson, television presenter

## Other websites

- School Website
- Ofsted Reports
- Department for Children, Schools and Families GCSE Performance Tables

## Infobox (uk school)

- **name**: Burnham Grammar School
- **latitude**: 51.5323
- **longitude**: -0.6522
- **motto pl**: Best Practice, Best Progress, Best Performance - Always
- **established**: 1960
- **type**: Academy (English school), Academy Grammar School
- **head label**: Headteacher
- **head**: Andrew J Gillespie
- **specialist**: Science College, Science, Mathematics and Computing College, Maths and Language College, Languages
- **specialist pl**: yes
- **street**: Hogfair Lane
- **city**: Burnham, Buckinghamshire, Burnham
- **county**: Buckinghamshire
- **country**: England
- **postcode**: SL1 7HG
- **lea**: Academy (English school), Academy
- **ofsted**: yes
- **urn**: 137564
- **old urn**: 110493
- **enrolment**: 923
- **gender**: Mixed-sex education, Mixed
- **lower age**: 11
- **upper age**: 18
- **houses**: Redgrave
  Curie
  Angelou
  Tenzing
  Brunel
- **colours**: Yellow, Red, Blue, Green and Black (respectively)
- **website**: http://www.bgs.bucks.sch.uk/
- **website name**: Burnham Grammar School
Avant-garde

**Avant-garde** (pronounced ) in French means "front guard", "advance guard", or "vanguard". The term is commonly used in French, English, and German for people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly in the areas of art, culture, and politics.

Avant-garde represents a going against what is accepted as the norm, especially in culture.

## Avant-garde art movements

- Avant-garde music
- Bauhaus
- Conceptual art
- Cubism
- Dadaism
- Expressionism
- Impressionism
- Modern art
- Pop art
- Social realism
- Surrealism

## Related pages

- Bohemianism
- Modernism
- Post-modernism
Avant-garde (disambiguation)

**Avant-garde** refers to experimental work in art, music, culture, or politics. It can also refer to:

- Avant Garde (magazine)
- ITC Avant Garde, a sans serif typeface designed by Herb Lubalin
- Avantgarde Acoustic, a high-end audio company

## Music

- Avant-garde metal, a subgenre of heavy metal music
- The Avant-Garde, a 1960s American pop group
- Avant Garde (band), a 1980s American progressive metal band
- Avantgarde (band), a 2000s Spanish indie rock band
- Avantgarde Music, a record label
Dumb Luck

***Dumb Luck*** is a 2001 movie written and directed by Craig Clyde and starring  Scott Baio, Tracy Nelson, Hal Linden and Eileen Brennan.

## Cast

- Scott Baio
- Tracy Nelson
- Richard Moll
- Hal Linden
- Bobby Edner
- Joey Miyashima
- Todd Bridges
- Eileen Brennan

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Dumb Luck
- **director**: Craig Clyde
- **producer**: Bryce W. Fillmore
- **writer**: Craig Clyde
- **starring**: Scott Baio
Tracy Nelson
Hal Linden
 Eileen Brennan
- **music**: Brahm Wenger
- **cinematography**: Gary Eckert
- **released**: 2001
- **country**: United States, USA
- **language**: English
Gil Fates

**Gil Fates** (born **Joseph Gilbert Fates** on 29 September 1914 in Newark, New Jersey, United States; died 1 May 2000 in New York City, United States) was an American television producer. He produced many shows, like _What's My Line?_. Fates also hosted _CBS Television Quiz_, which was the first television game show to be shown often. Before World War 2, he was a stage actor.
Innovation

The classic definitions of **innovation** include:
1. _the introduction of something new_. (Merriam-Webster Online)
1. _ a new idea, method or device._ (Merriam-Webster Online)
1. _ the successful exploitation of new ideas_  (Department of Trade and Industry, UK).
1. _change that creates a new dimension of performance_ Peter Drucker (Hesselbein, 2002)

In economics, business and government policy,- something new - must be substantially different, not an unimportant change. In economics the change must increase value, customer value, or producer value. Innovations are intended to make someone better off, and the succession of many innovations grows the whole economy.

## Related pages

- Creativity
- Entrepreneur
- History of science
- Ingenuity
- Invention
- Paradigm shift
- Patent
- Public domain
- Research
- Joseph Schumpeter
- Technological change
- Technological singularity

## Other websites

- Academic article on Being a Systems Innovator on SSRN
- "Communication on Innovation policy: updating the Union’s approach in the context of the Lisbon strategy" - The European Commission.
Innovation (disambiguation)

**Innovation** may refer to one of the following.
- Innovation,  the process of making changes to something established by introducing something new
- Innovation Comics, a Wheeling, West Virginia-based comic book company active in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
- Innovation Department Stores, former Belgian department store chain, well known for the disastrous 1967 fire.
Santieh River

The **Santieh River** is a river in Taiwan. It flows through Tainan County for .

## Related pages

- List of rivers of Taiwan
Scott S. Sheppard

**Scott S. Sheppard** is an astronomer in the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. He graduated from the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii.

He discovered many small moons of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, the second known Neptune Trojan, 2004 UP10 as well as several Kuiper Belt Objects, Centaurs, and near Earth asteroids.
Mario Kart DS

***Mario Kart DS*** is a 2005 racing game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS. It is the fifth game in the series and the first which used Nintendo's free online service, Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection. The game was released in the North America, Australia, and Europe in 30 November 2005, and in Japan in 19 December 2005, and in South Korea in which it is the very first Wi-Fi Connection game launched in 2 April 2007.

It got very positive reviews, and scored an average of 91% from Metacritic.

Like other games in the _Mario Kart_ series, _Mario Kart DS_ involves characters from  _Mario_ games racing each other in go-karts on tracks themed from locations in the _Mario_ series.  The game, like other _Mario Kart_ games, employs various weapons or items that players can use to help themselves or slow down others.  These weapons make _Mario Kart_ different from other racing games.

_DS_ is the first _Mario Kart_ game ever to have computer opponents in battle mode. In battle mode, up to eight carts have four balloons and battle each other until one wins. Another change is that players start with one balloon and must blow into the microphone to blow up other balloons.  With fewer balloons, players get better items, but run the risk of getting knocked out early.  With more balloons, they are safer, but get items that are not as good.

_DS_ is also the first online _Mario Kart_ title.  It used the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection.  Players used "friend codes" and pick four tracks to race.  Some tracks cannot be played over Wi-Fi because the game might slow down due to large obstacles.

### Unlockables

- Daisy
- Dry Bones
- Waluigi
- R.O.B.

### Starters

- Mario
- Luigi
- Peach
- Yoshi
- Toad
- Donkey Kong
- Wario
- Bowser

## Voice Actors/Characters

- Mario, Luigi, Wario and Waluigi-Charles Martinet

- Princess Peach and Toad-Jen Taylor

- Bowser-Scott Burns

- Princess Daisy-Deanna Mustard

- Dry Bones and R.O.B.-Toru Asakawa
Metacritic

**Metacritic** is a website which collects expert reviews for movies, TV, video games, music and formally books. It provides a **Metascore**, an average score out of 100 possible points based on published reviews. It has the score in one of three colours, red being negative, yellow being mixed and green being positive.

## Related pages

- Rotten Tomatoes

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Metacritic
- **logo**: Metacritic logo.svg
- **logo size**: 253px
- **commercial**: Yes
- **type**: Review aggregator
- **registration**: Free/subscription
- **owner**: CBS Interactive
- **current status**: Active
- **oclc**: 911795326
Marktbreit

**Marktbreit am Main** () is a town in Kitzingen in the  Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken in Bavaria, Germany. It is at the most southern point of the Main river. Marktbreit is the birthplace of Alois Alzheimer who first identified the symptoms of what is now known as Alzheimer's disease. With its suburb , Marktbreit has about 3,700 residents.

### Place

Marktbreit is in Kitzingen, in Lower Franconia, Bavaria. Its territory is on the left bank of  the Main river, at the river's southernmost curve. Kitzingen is upriver, while downriver are Ochsenfurt and Würzburg.

Marktbreit is on the southwestern edge of the district, where it borders on the districts of Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim and Würzburg.

### Subdivisions

The town has two _Stadtteile_: Marktbreit and Gnodstadt.

### Neighbouring communities

The municipality borders on (from the north clockwise): Marktsteft, Obernbreit, Martinsheim, Oberickelsheim, Ochsenfurt, Frickenhausen am Main and Segnitz.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image coa**: DEU Marktbreit COA.svg
- **image photo**: Marktbreit BW 9.jpg
- **image caption**: The _Malerwinkel_ in Marktbreit
- **image plan**: Marktbreit in KT.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Unterfranken
- **district**: Kitzingen
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Marktbreit
- **elevation**: 191
- **area**: 20.15
- **postal code**: 97338–97340
- **area code**: 09332
- **licence**: KT
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 6 75 147
- **website**: [https://www.marktbreit.de/ www.marktbreit.de]
- **mayor**: Harald Kopp
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: SPD
Eclipse

An **eclipse** is an astronomical event.  It is when one object in the sky moves into the shadow of another such object.  When an eclipse happens within a system of stars, like the Solar System, it makes a type of syzygy. This means that three or more objects in the sky are lined up in a straight line in the same gravitational system.

The term _eclipse_ is most often used to describe a _solar eclipse_, when the Moon's shadow crosses the Earth's surface, or a _lunar eclipse_, when the Moon moves into the shadow of Earth. No solar eclipse can last longer than 7 minutes and 58 seconds because of the speed at which the Earth and Moon move. > When the Sun is not involved, the event is called occultation. (The next solar eclipse happening is in 2044-2045)

## Etymology

The word comes from the ancient Greek noun  (**'), which is from the verb  (**'). This means "to cease (stop) to exist (be there)".
Lena Gercke

**Lena Johanna Gercke** is a model. She is the winner of the first cycle (season) of _Germany’s Next Topmodel_ by Heidi Klum.

After a casting, Lena Gercke made it to the last 12 girls and eventually won the competition.

## Other websites

- Lena Gercke  at IMG Models
- Lena Gercke in the Fashion Model Directory
- http://www.lena-g.de Official website
- http://lena-live.spaces.live.com/default.aspx Lena Gercke's second homepage

## Infobox (model)

- **name**: Lena Gercke
- **image**: Lena Gercke - 2018082200214 2018-03-23 Radio Regenbogen Award 2018 - Sven - 1D X MK II - 0838 - AK8I0569.jpg
- **birth name**: Lena Johanna Gercke
- **birth place**: Marburg, Hessen, West Germany
- **haircolor**: Blonde
- **eyecolor**: Eye color#Blue, Blue
Eclipse (disambiguation)

**Eclipse** can be any of the following:

- Eclipse
- Lunar eclipse
- Solar eclipse
- _Eclipse_ (novel), the third book in the series by Stephenie Meyer
    - The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, the movie based on the book
Castle (disambiguation)

A **castle** is a fortified structure used to defend a territory.

**Castle** or **Castles** can mean:
- University College, Durham, commonly known as "castle"
- Operation Castle, a series of nuclear tests conducted in 1954
    - Castle Bravo, its first test
- GWR 4073 Class, the "Castle" class of steam locomotive
- Castle class corvettes, the follow on to the Flower class corvette of World War Two
- Castles (estate agents), in the UK
- Castle Project, an application framework for the .Net platform
- Castle Building Centres Group Ltd., Canadian retailers of lumber and building materials

- Places

- Castle, Bedford, an electoral ward in Bedford, England
- Castle, Swansea, an electoral ward in Swansea, Wales
- Castle, Oklahoma, a town
- Castle Geyser in the Upper Geyser Basin of Yellowstone
- Smithsonian Institution Building, in Washington, D.C., nicknamed "The Castle"
- Newcastle-under-Lyme, known simply as "castle" to many local people

- Entertainment

- Rook (chess), a chess piece sometimes called a "castle"
    - Castling, a move in chess involving the rook and king
- Castle (card game)
- _Castles_ (video game), released by Interplay in 1991
- _Castles II: Siege and Conquest_, a 1992 sequel to the above game
- Castle Communications, a record label
- Castles (soap opera), a short-lived soap opera, broadcast by the BBC in 1995

**The Castle** may also refer to:

- _The Castle (novel)_ (_Das Schloß_) is a 1922 novel by Franz Kafka and its translations
- _Castle_ (novel), the second book in _The Seventh Tower_ series
- _The Castle_ (film), a 1997 Australian comedy film
- _The Castle_ (game), a videogame made by ASCII corporation
- _The Castle_ (radio series), 2007 BBC radio comedy set in the Middle Ages
- The Castle, Budawang National Park, Australia
- CASTLE fight, a computational tool used in game theory
The Warriors

**The Warriors** can mean:

- _The Warriors_ (novel), a novel by Sol Yurick
- _The Warriors_ (1955 movie) or _The Dark Avenger_, an 1955 Britsh-movie
- _The Warriors_ (movie), a 1979 movie based on the novel by Sol Yurick
- _The Warriors_ (video game), a 2005 video game based on the 1979 movie
- The Warriors (band), a hardcore/metal band
- The New Zealand Warriors (formerly the Auckland Warriors), a professional rugby league team
- The Golden State Warriors, an NBA team
- _Musa_ (movie), a 2001 South Korean movie that is called _The Warrior_ in English-speaking countries

## Related pages

- The Warrior
- Warrior (disambiguation)
- Warriors
Eliot Spitzer

**Eliot Laurence Spitzer** (born June 10, 1959) is an American lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the New York State Attorney General before becoming Governor of New York in 2007.

Spitzer resigned as Governor of New York on March 17, 2008 because of a prostitution incident. Spitzer's lieutenant governor, David Paterson, became Governor. Spitzer hosted _In the Arena _on the Cable News Network (CNN). He was hired by CNN President Jonathan Klein to co-host a different program along with a conservative debating him called Parker Spitzer. The other co-host left, and the show was renamed In the Arena. The show was cancelled by CNN in 2011.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Eliot Spitzer
- **image**: Eliot Spitzer (higher res).jpg
- **order**: 54th
- **office**: Governor of New York
- **term start**: January 1, 2007
- **term end**: March 17, 2008
- **lieutenant**: David Paterson
- **predecessor**: George Pataki
- **successor**: David Paterson
- **order2**: 63rd
- **office2**: New York Attorney General
- **term start2**: January 1, 1999
- **term end2**: December 31, 2006
- **governor2**: George Pataki
- **predecessor2**: Dennis Vacco
- **successor2**: Andrew Cuomo
- **birthname**: Eliot Laurence Spitzer
- **birth place**: The Bronx, Bronx, New York
- **alma mater**: Princeton University <small>(Bachelor of Arts, A.B.)</small>
Harvard Law School <small>(Juris Doctor, J.D.)</small>
- **nationality**: American
- **spouse**: Silda Wall Spitzer <small>(1987-2013,div.)</small>
- **children**: 3
- **residence**: Manhattan, New York
- **profession**: Lawyer
Politician
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **signature**: Eliot Spitzer Signature.svg
Banda

**Banda** can be any of the following:

## People

- Hastings Banda, former president of Malawi

## Places

- Banda District in Uttar Pradesh, India
- Banda, Ghana
- Banda, India, administrative headquarters of Banda District
- Banda Islands, a group of ten small volcanic islands in the Banda Sea
- Banda, Maharashtra, India
- Banda Sea, the sea of the South Moluccas in Indonesia, a part of the Pacific Ocean.

## Other uses

- Banda languages, spoken by the Banda people
- Banda music, a traditional Mexican form of music
- Banda people, an ethnic group of the Central African Republic
Arena, Wisconsin

**Arena** is a village in Iowa County, Wisconsin, USA. There were 844 people living in the village of Arena as of the 2020 census. The village of Arena can be found inside of the town of Arena.  The village has an area of 1.2 square miles, says the United States Census Bureau.

## Other websites

- Information about the Village of Arena, Wisconsin

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Arena, Wisconsin
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: ArenaWisconsin.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Downtown Arena
- **image map**: WIMap-doton-Arena.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Arena, Wisconsin
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of the United States, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wisconsin
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wisconsin, County
- **subdivision name2**: Iowa County, Wisconsin, Iowa
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 3.0
- **area land km2**: 3.0
- **area water km2**: 0.0
- **area total sq mi**: 1.2
- **area land sq mi**: 1.2
- **area water sq mi**: 0.0
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2020, 2020
- **population total**: 844
- **population density km2**: 282.4
- **population density sq mi**: 731.4
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 263
- **elevation ft**: 863
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 55-02575
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1582708
Volta

**Volta** can be any of the following:

## Rivers and lakes

- Lake Volta in Ghana
- Burkina Faso, the country formerly named _Upper Volta_
- The Volta River, consisting of the:
    - Black Volta
    - Red Volta
    - White Volta

## Famous people

- Alessandro Volta

## Other

- _Volta_ (album), a 2007 album by Björk
Battle of Tannenberg (1914)

The **Battle of Tannenberg** was a decisive engagement between the Russian Empire and the German Empire in the first days of World War I. It was fought by the Russian First and Second Armies and the German Eighth Army between 17 August and 2 September 1914. The battle ended with the almost complete destruction of the Russian Second Army.

The battle took place near Allenstein.  The Germans named it after Tannenberg.  They wanted to express that they had made good their defeat at the medieval Battle of Tannenberg or (Grunwald).  In that 1410 battle the Lithuanians finally defeated the Teutonic Knights.

## Bibliographic references

- .

- .
- _Tannenberg 1914_ by John Sweetman. Includes battle plans in colour and archived black and white photographic plates of the battle.

## Other websites

- Battle of Tannenberg

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Tannenberg
- **partof**: the Eastern Front (World War I), Eastern Front of World War I
- **date**: 23 August-2 September 1914
- **place**: near Olsztyn, Allenstein, Province of East Prussia, East Prussia
- **result**: Decisive German Victory
- **commander1**: Alexander Samsonov
Paul von Rennenkampf
- **commander2**: Paul von Hindenburg
Erich Ludendorff
- **strength1**: 190,000
- **strength2**: 150,000
- **casualties1**: 30,000 killed or wounded; 95,000 captured
- **casualties2**: 20,000 killed or wounded
Erich Ludendorff

**Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff** (sometimes given as **von Ludendorff**) (April 9, 1865 – December 20, 1937) was a German Army officer, _Generalquartiermeister_ during World War I, victor of Liège, and, with Paul von Hindenburg, one of the victors of the battle of Tannenberg.

After the war, he briefly supported Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.  He was not found guilty for his role in the Nazis' unsuccessful Beer Hall Putsch.  He became disillusioned with politics and retired from public life that year.

## Other websites

- Erich Ludendorff Firstworldwar.com Who's Who
- Ludendorff by H. L. Mencken published in the June 1917 edition of the _Atlantic Monthly_
- Biography of Erich Ludendorff  From Spartacus Educational
- _My War Memories_ by Erich Ludendorff at archive.org
- _The Triumph Of The Immortal Will_ by Mathilde Ludendorff at archive.org

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff
- **lived**: April 9, 1865–December 20, 1937
- **image**: Erich Ludendorff.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **alt**: Erich Ludendorff
- **placeofbirth**: Kruszewnia near Poznań, Posen, Province of Posen
- **placeofdeath**: Tutzing, Bavaria
- **allegiance**: German Empire
- **branch**: Army
- **serviceyears**: 1883-1918
- **rank**: Generalquartiermeister
- **battles**: World War I
- **awards**: Pour le Mérite
Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867

The **Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867** (, ) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. It was signed by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and a Hungarian delegation led by _Ferenc Deák_. The compromise followed a series of failed constitutional reforms of the Habsburg Empire.

The compromise was the result of the 1866 Battle of Königgrätz which was a part of the Austro-Prussian War. This war defined the next leading power of German-speaking Europe. Prussia was the victor, leaving Austria to look to the southeast for new power, resulting in the "compromise" treaty with Hungary.

This created a disjointed government between the two countries, in which they shared a finance ministry and foreign ministry but maintained separate prime ministers, parliament, and military. Three militaries existed between them and officers had to be trained to speak many languages such as German, Czech, Polish, and Hungarian.

The Hungarian nobles wanted and got the Emperor's coronation as King of Hungary. A separate parliament at Budapest was created. It could make laws for the lands of the Hungarian crown.
Franz Joseph I (Austria)

**Emperor Franz Joseph I** or **Emperor Francis Joseph I** (, , ) (Slovene : Franc Jozef Karel) (Croatian : Franjo Josip Karlo) (Czech : Frantisek Josef Karel) (Romanian : Francisc Iosif Carol) (August 18, 1830 – November 21, 1916) of the Habsburg Dynasty was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, King of Bohemia from 1848 until 1916 and also served as President of the German Confederation from 1850-1866.

His nephew Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria would have been his successor but he was assassinated.  Wars during the reign of Franz Joseph included the Second Italian War Of Independence (1859), the Austro-Prussian War (1866), the Third Italian War Of Independence (1866) and the 1899-1901 Boxer Rebellion.  He died during World War I.  Charles I of Austria became emperor in 1916 and reigned from 1916-1918.

Franz Joseph's 68-year reign is the third-longest in the history of continental Europe (after those of Louis XIV of France and Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein).

## Issue

- Archduchess Sophie of Austria; 5 March 1855 – 29 May 1857.
- Archduchess Gisela of Austria; 12 July 1856 – 27 July 1932. Married Prince Leopold of Bavaria (second cousin) in 1873; had issue.
- Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria; 21 August 1858 – 30 January 1889. Married Princess Stephanie of Belgium in 1881; had issue. Died in a murder–suicide.
- Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria; 22 April 1868 – 6 September 1924. Married Archduke Franz Salvator, Prince of Tuscany (second cousin) in 1890; had issue

## Other websites

- Biography at WorldWar1.com
- Details at Regiments.org
- Genealogy
- Mayerling tragedy

## Infobox (officeholder/office)

- **termstart**: 1 May 1850
- **termend**: 24 August 1866
- **predecessor**: Ferdinand I
- **successor**: William I, German Emperor, Wilhelm I
(as Head of the North German Confederation)


## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Franz Joseph I
- **image**: Franz Joseph of Austria young.jpg
- **alt**: Painting of Franz Joseph I
- **caption**: Franz Joseph
- **succession**: Emperor of Austria
 King of Hungary
- **moretext**: (#External links, more…)
- **reign**: 2 December 1848 –
- **coronation**: 8 June 1867
 Matthias Church
 (as King of Hungary)
- **cor-type**: Coronation of the Hungarian monarch, Coronation
- **predecessor**: Ferdinand I of Austria, Ferdinand I & V
- **successor**: Charles I, III & IV
- **succession1**: King of Lombardy-Venetia
- **reign1**: 2 December 1848 –
- **predecessor1**: Ferdinand I
- **successor1**: Italian unification, Annexation to Italy
- **succession2**: President of the German Confederation, Head of the _Präsidialmacht_ Austria
- **birth place**: Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austrian Empire
- **death place**: Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria-Hungary
- **burial place**: Imperial Crypt
- **house**: Habsburg-Lorraine
- **father**: Archduke Franz Karl of Austria
- **full name**:
Francis Joseph Charles
- **mother**: Princess Sophie of Bavaria
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism
- **signature**: Franz Joseph I signature.svg
Cantuta

A **cantuta** (_Cantua buxifolia_) is a type of a flower. It is most commonly found in Central and South America. The cantuta is the national flower of both Peru and Bolivia.
Mie Prefecture

is a prefecture of in the Kansai region of Japan on the island of Honshu.  The capital city is Tsu.

## History

Mie prefecture was created by merging the area of Ise Province, Shima Province, Iga Province and Kii Province.

In 1871, the area from the Kisosansen River in the north to the city of Tsu became Anōtsu Prefecture. The area south of Tsu became Watarai Prefecture. In 1876, Anōtsu Prefecture and Watarai Prefecture joined to become Mie Prefecture.

Mie has four dialects: Iga, Ise, Shima, and Kisyuu.

## Geography

Mie Prefecture is on the eastern side of the Kii Peninsula. The prefectures that surround Mie are Aichi Prefecture, Gifu Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Nara Prefecture, and Wakayama Prefecture.

### Cities

There are fourteen cities in Mie Prefecture:

### National Parks

About 35% of the total land area of the prefecture is National Parks.

## Shrines and Temples

_Aekuni jinja_, _Tsubaki jinja_, and _Izawa jinja_ are the chief Shinto shrines (_ichinomiya_) in the prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mie
- **native name**: 三重県
- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **translit lang1**: Japanese
- **translit lang1 type**: Romaji
- **translit lang1 info**: Mie-ken
- **image flag**: Flag of Mie Prefecture.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Mie Prefecture.svg
- **seal type**: Symbol
- **image map**: Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_24_Mie_prefecture.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Mie in Japan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Kansai region, Kansai
- **subdivision type2**: Island
- **subdivision name2**: Honshu
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Tsu, Mie, Tsu
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Katsuyuki Ichimi (since September 2021)
- **area total km2**: 5,777.22
- **area rank**: 25th
- **population as of**: April 1, 2010
- **population total**: 1,855,177
- **population rank**: 23rd
- **population density km2**: auto
- **iso code**: JP-24
- **blank name sec1**: Prefectural flower
- **blank info sec1**: Iris (plant), Iris (_Iris ensata_)
- **blank1 name sec1**: Prefectural tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: Sugi, Japanese cedar (_Cryptomeria japonica_)
- **blank2 name sec1**: Prefectural bird
- **blank2 info sec1**: Snowy plover (_Charadrius alexandrinus_)
- **blank3 name sec1**: Prefectural bird
- **blank3 info sec1**: Japanese spiny lobster ("Panulirus japonicus")
- **blank name sec2**: Number of districts
- **blank info sec2**: 7
- **blank1 name sec2**: Number of municipalities
- **blank1 info sec2**: 29
- **website**: [http://www.pref.mie.jp/ENGLISH/ www.pref.mie.jp/
ENGLISH/]
Tree of Life

**Tree of life** may mean:

- Biology: the common descent of all life by evolution.
    - Tree of life (biology)
- Open Tree of Life

- Kabbalah
WWE Studios

**WWE Studios** (formerly known as **WWE Films**) is a World Wrestling Entertainment movie and television production company that is starring, produced or directed by WWE talent.

## Movies

- See No Evil (2006) (with Lionsgate)
- The Marine (2006) (with 20th Century Fox)
- The Condemned (2007) (with Lionsgate)
- 12 Rounds (2009) (with Fox Atomic)
776 Berbericia

<div style="float: right; text-align: center;">
**776 Berbericia**
|bgcolor="#ffffcc" colspan="2"|Name||
| --- | --- | --- |
|**Name**|Berbericia||
|**Designation**|1914 TY||
|width="140"|**Discoverer**|A. Massinger|
|**Discovery date**|January 24, 1914||
|**Discovery site**|Heidelberg||
|colspan="2" align="center"|<small>Epoch May 12, 1998 (JDCT 2450945.5)</small>||
|**Eccentricity _(e)**_|0.163||
|**Semimajor axis _(a)**_|2.932 AU||
|**Perihelion _(q)**_|2.456 AU||
|**Aphelion _(Q)**_|3.409 AU||
|**Orbital period _(P)**_|5.022 a||
|**Inclination _(i)**_|18.206°||
|**Longitude of the ascending node _(Ω)**_|80.132°||
|**Argument of Perihelion _(ω)**_|304.840°||
|**Mean anomaly _(M)**_|12.648°||
</div>

**776 Berbericia** is a minor planet orbiting the Sun in the asteroid belt. This main-belt asteroid was found by A. Massinger at Heidelberg January 24, 1914. It was named in honor of Adolf Berberich (1861-1920), a German astronomer.

In the late 1990s, a network of astronomers worldwide gathered lightcurve data that was mostly used to conclude the spin states and shape models of 10 new asteroids, including (776) Berbericia.

Richard P. Binzel and Schelte Bus added more to the knowledge about this asteroid in a lightwave survey published in 2003. This project was known as Small Main-belt Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey, Phase II or SMASSII, which built on a previous survey of the main-belt asteroids. The visible-wavelength (0.435-0.925 micron) spectra data was gathered between August 1993 and March 1999.

## Other websites

- Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets
Glitch

A **glitch** is something that goes wrong in a computer system, usually in games. This is also sometimes called a "bug". Sometimes when a glitch happens on a computer, a message appears, telling the user that something went wrong.

## Glitches in some games

- ***Pokémon Red, Blue*** and ***Yellow*** - One of the most famous glitches in the history of video games. By taking advantage of the hexadecimal system of the games and the save function, the player can find a level 7 Mew by battling certain trainers and traveling to certain towns in a certain order. This glitch has become very famous in the online community.  There is also the Missingno glitch, which is also famous, but will block the ability to save.
- ***Soul Calibur III*** - Some things saved on a memory will get lost usually because everything a player gets is from the "Chronicles of the Sword" mode.
- Dead ***Or Alive 4*** - The records will say 1st, 2st 3st, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th etc. instead of 1st 2nd 3rd 4th, etc.
- Call of Duty: Black Ops    In the "Zombie Mode" on the map "Kino Der Toten", there is a glitch where, if you stand behind a certain wall, the "hellhounds will not attack. also, you can jump onto a podium where you are invincible.You can also jump out of the Pack-A-Punch Room in Kino Der Toten, yet it may take a few attempts. In "Multiplayer", there are glitches for getting out of maps, or being in walls.
Jack (Tekken)

**Jack** is a character in the _Tekken_ series. He has many successors since Jack bots are usually destroyed.

### Jack

Jack is the first robot in the Jack-bot series. It is unknown how it was destroyed. Jack was sent to get rid of Kazuya. Jack, unlike Jack-2, Gun Jack and Prototype Jack, did not appear in Tekken Tag Tournament making him the only Jack robot (before Jack-5) not to appear in more than one game.

### Jack-2

Jack-2 is the second robot in the Jack series. He is an upgrade of the original Jack robot and was sent out to enter The King of Iron Fist Tournament 2 to save his creator and friend, Jane from the evil Kazuya Mishima. In his ending, Jane and Jack-2 are playing on an island together. Suddenly, Jack-2 gets shot by a laser from a satellite up in space that Doctor Abel uses to destroy Jack-2.

### Gun Jack

Gun Jack is the third Jack robot. There was no Jack-3 created.

### Jack-5

Jack-5 was in a Tekken 5 game as a playable character, Jack-4 isn't playable but he can be seen in the Tekken 5 opening movie (these squads of Jack-4's are sent to kill Heihachi Mishima and Kazuya Mishima ).

### Jack-X

Jack-X has been appeared in Street Fighter X Tekken.

### Jack-6

Jack-6 has been appeared in Tekken 6.

### Jack-7

Jack-7 has been appeared in Tekken 7.

## Infobox (tekken character)

- **title**: Jack
- **origin**: Russian
- **voice**: Ginga Banjo
- **fightingstyle**: Power Fighting
- **age**: 3
- **bloodtype**: Plutonium
- **height**: 7'8"
- **weight**: 370 lbs
- **occupation**: Weapon of destruction
- **hobby**: Overhauling
- **likes**: Akihabara parts centers
- **dislikes**: Scrap metal factories


## Infobox (tekken character)

- **title**: Prototype Jack
- **origin**: Russia
- **voice**: Ginga Banjo
- **fightingstyle**: Power Fighting
- **age**: 3
- **bloodtype**: Gasoline
- **height**: 7'8"
- **weight**: 408 lbs
- **occupation**: None
- **hobby**: Destruction
- **likes**: Storing informion
- **dislikes**: Unknown


## Infobox (tekken character)

- **title**: Jack
- **origin**: Russia
- **voice**: Ginga Banjo
- **fightingstyle**: Power Fighting
- **age**: 5
- **bloodtype**: Plutonium
- **height**: 7'8"
- **weight**: 370 lbs
- **occupation**: Weapon of destruction
- **hobby**: Overhauling
- **likes**: Jane
- **dislikes**: Unknown
Subsonic

***Subsonic*** can be the following:

- Any speed lower than the speed of sound inside a sound giving medium is called **subsonic**.
    - Aircraft flying at airspeeds lower than the speed of sound in air is subsonic flight.

In **computing**:
- Subsonic, an open source media server.
My Little Lover

**My Little Lover** is a Japanese pop group. The group was started in 1995 with three members. Only one person is still in the group. Akko (Real name is Akiko Nakamatsu. 赤松亜希子) is the only member.

### Original albums

1. 1995: _Evergreen_
1. 1998: _Presents_
1. 1998: _New Adventure_
1. 1998: _The Waters_
1. 2001: _Topics_
1. 2002: _Organic_
1. 2004: _Fantasy_
1. 2006: _Akko_
1. 2008: _Acoakko_
1. 2009:
1. 2010: _Acoakko Debut_
1. 2015: _re:evergreen_

### Compilation albums

1. 2001: _Singles_
1. 2004: _Self Collection: 15 Currents_
1. 2008:
1. 2010: _Best Collection_

### Singles

1. 1995: "Man & Woman/My Painting"
1. 1995:
1. 1995: "Hello, Again (Mukashi Kara Aru Basho)"
1. 1996: "Alice"
1. 1996:
1. 1996: "Yes (Free Flower)"
1. 1997: "Animal Life"
1. 1997: "Shuffle"
1. 1997: "Private Eyes"
1. 1998:
1. 1998: "Destiny"
1. 1998: "Crazy Love/Days"
1. 2001:
1. 2001:
1. 2002: "Survival"
1. 2004:
1. 2006:
1. 2007:
1. 2007: "Dreamy Success"
1. 2008:
1. 2008:
1. 2009:
1. 2009: "Blue Sky"
1. 2011: ひこうき雲
1. 2015: ターミナル

### Video & DVD

1. 1998: _Sign of Thursday_
1. 2001: _Clips_

## Web

My Little Lover Web Wonderland(Japanese)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: My Little Lover
- **background**: group_or_band
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, rock music, rock
- **years active**: –present
- **label**: Toy's Factory, Avex Trax, Avex Group, Oorong Records
- **current members**: Akko
- **past members**: Kenji Fujī (1995-2002)
Takeshi Kobayashi (1995-2006)
Beaufort County, North Carolina

**Beaufort County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  In 2020, 44,652 people lived there.  Its county seat is Washington.

## Government

Beaufort County is part of the Mid-East Commission.

## Connected counties

These counties are connected to Beaufort County:
- Washington County (northeast)
- Hyde County (east)
- Pamlico County (southeast)
- Craven County (southwest)
- Pitt County (west)
- Martin County (northwest)

## Cities and towns

These cities and towns are in Beaufort County:
- Aurora
- Bath
- Belhaven
- Chocowinity
- Pantego
- River Road
- Washington
- Washington Park

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Beaufort County
- **state**: North Carolina
- **founded**: 1712
- **named for**: Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort, Henry, Duke of Beaufort
- **seat wl**: Washington
- **largest city wl**: Washington
- **city type**: community
- **area total sq mi**: 962.85
- **area land sq mi**: 832.74
- **area water sq mi**: 130.11
- **area percentage**: 13.51
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 44652
- **population density sq mi**: 53.62
- **web**: www.co.beaufort.nc.us
- **ex image**: Beaufort County Courthouse.JPG
- **ex image cap**: Beaufort County Courthouse
- **district**: 3rd
- **time zone**: Eastern
Bertie County, North Carolina

**Bertie County** (said like BURT-TEE) is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  In 2020, 17,934 people lived there.  Its county seat is Windsor.

## Government

Bertie County is part of the Mid-East Commission local council of governments.

## Connected Counties

These counties are connected to Bertie County:
- Hertford County, North Carolina - north
- Chowan County, North Carolina - east
- Washington County, North Carolina - southeast
- Martin County, North Carolina - southwest
- Halifax County, North Carolina - west
- Northampton County, North Carolina - northwest

## Cities and towns

These cities and towns are in Bertie County:
- Askewville
- Aulander
- Colerain
- Kelford
- Powellsville
- Merry Hill
- Roxobel
- Windsor

## Other websites

- Bertie County government official website
- Historic Hope Plantation

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Bertie County
- **state**: North Carolina
- **ex image**: Front of 1803 Hope Mansion.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Manor House of Hope Plantation near Windsor.
- **founded**: 1739
- **named for**: James Bertie and/or Henry Bertie (MP for Beaumaris), Henry Bertie
- **seat wl**: Windsor
- **largest city wl**: Windsor
- **city type**: community
- **area total sq mi**: 741.31
- **area land sq mi**: 699.18
- **area water sq mi**: 42.13
- **area percentage**: 5.61
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 17934
- **population density sq mi**: 25.65
- **web**: www.co.bertie.nc.us
- **district**: 1st
- **time zone**: Eastern
Bladen County, North Carolina

**Bladen County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  In 2020, 29,606 people lived there.  Its county seat is Elizabethtown.

## Government

Bladen County is a member of the regional Lumber River Council of Governments.

## Connected Counties

These counties are connected to Bladen County:
- Cumberland County, North Carolina - north
- Sampson County, North Carolina - northeast
- Pender County, North Carolina - southeast
- Columbus County, North Carolina - south
- Robeson County, North Carolina - west

## Cities and Towns

These cities and towns are in Bladen County:
- Bladenboro
- Butters
- Clarkton
- Dublin
- East Arcadia
- Elizabethtown
- Kelly
- Tar Heel
- White Lake
- White Oak

## Other websites

- Bladen County government official website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Bladen County
- **state**: North Carolina
- **ex image**: Bladen County Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Bladen County Courthouse
- **founded**: 1734
- **named for**: Martin Bladen
- **seat wl**: Elizabethtown
- **largest city wl**: Elizabethtown
- **city type**: community
- **area total sq mi**: 887.78
- **area land sq mi**: 875.03
- **area water sq mi**: 12.75
- **area percentage**: 1.44
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 29606
- **population density sq mi**: 33.83
- **web**: bladennc.govoffice3.com
- **district**: 7th
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **nickname**: The Mother County
- **motto**: "In God We Trust"
Brunswick County, North Carolina

**Brunswick County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  In 2020, 136,693 people lived there.  Its county seat is Bolivia.

## History

The county was made in 1764 from parts of Bladen County and New Hanover County.

## Government

Brunswick County is part of the local Cape Fear Council of Governments.

## Connected counties

These counties are connected to Brunswick County:
- Pender County, North Carolina - north-northeast
- New Hanover County, North Carolina - east
- Horry County, South Carolina - southwest
- Columbus County, North Carolina - northwest

## Cities and towns

These cities and towns are in Brunswick County:
- Bald Head Island
- Belville
- Boiling Spring Lakes
- Bolivia
- Calabash
- Carolina Shores
- Caswell Beach
- Holden Beach
- Leland
- Navassa
- Northwest
- Oak Island
- Ocean Isle Beach
- Sandy Creek
- Shallotte
- Southport
- St. James
- Sunset Beach
- Varnamtown
- Winnabow

## Other websites

- Brunswick County government official website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Brunswick County
- **state**: North Carolina
- **ex image**: Brunswick County Courthouse (July 2023) 16.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Brunswick County Courthouse
- **founded**: March 9, 1764
- **named for**: Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
- **seat wl**: Bolivia
- **largest city wl**: Leland
- **city type**: community
- **area total sq mi**: 1049.54
- **area land sq mi**: 850.08
- **area water sq mi**: 199.46
- **area percentage**: 19.00
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 136693
- **population density sq mi**: 160.80
- **web**: www.brunswickcountync.gov
- **district**: 7th
- **time zone**: Eastern
Buncombe County, North Carolina

**Buncombe County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  In 2020, 269,452 people lived there. Its county seat is Asheville.

## History

The county was made in 1791 from parts of Burke County and Rutherford County.

In 1808 the western part of Buncombe County was made into Haywood County.  In 1833 parts of Burke County and Buncombe County were combined to make Yancey County, and in 1838 the southern part of Buncombe County was made into Henderson County.  In 1851 parts of Buncombe County and Yancey County were combined to make Madison County.  And, in 1925 a small part of McDowell County was made into a part of Buncombe County.

## Law and government

Buncombe County is part of the local Land-of-Sky Regional Council of governments.

## Big roads

These are the most important roads in Buncombe County:
- Interstate 26
- Interstate 40
- U.S. Highway 74
- U.S. Highway 70
- U.S. Highway 23
- U.S. Highway 19
- U.S. Highway 25

## Connected counties

These counties are connected to Buncombe County:
- Madison County, North Carolina - north
- Yancey County, North Carolina - northeast
- McDowell County, North Carolina - east
- Rutherford County, North Carolina - southeast
- Henderson County, North Carolina - south
- Haywood County, North Carolina - west

## Cities and towns

These cities and towns are in Buncombe County:
- Asheville
- Biltmore Forest
- Black Mountain
- Montreat
- Weaverville
- Woodfin

## Other websites

- Buncombe County government official website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Buncombe County
- **state**: North Carolina
- **founded**: 1792
- **named for**: Edward Buncombe
- **seat wl**: Asheville
- **largest city wl**: Asheville
- **city type**: city
- **area total sq mi**: 659.95
- **area land sq mi**: 656.50
- **area water sq mi**: 3.45
- **area percentage**: 0.52
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 269452
- **population density sq mi**: 410.37
- **web**: www.buncombecounty.org
- **ex image**: Buncombe County Courthouse, Asheville, NC (46019891424).jpg
- **ex image size**: 260px
- **ex image cap**: Buncombe County Courthouse in Asheville
- **district**: 11th
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **motto**: "People To Match Our Mountains"