juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Trump–Raffensperger phone call

On January 2, 2021, former U.S. President Donald Trump called Brad Raffensperger, the Secretary of State of Georgia, for an hour-long telephone call telling him to change the state's vote totals from the 2020 presidential election. Joe Biden won the state in November. Trump has refused to accept the presidential election.

Trump's call with Raffensperger was first reported by _The Washington Post_ and other media outlets the day after it took place.

At one point on the call, Trump told Raffensperger, "What I want to do this. I just want to find 11,780 votes, which is one more than we have, because we won the state." Trump lost Georgia by 11,779 votes, so 11,780 votes would be 1 vote more for him.

Many believe that Trump should be criminally investigated and impeached. Many Republicans and Democrats criticized Trump's phone call.

#### Electoral College

In the United States, the winner of a presidential election is not the person with the most votes. Instead, it is the person who wins the most votes in the electoral college. In this process, a group of people called electors vote for president. Each state has a certain number of electors depending on how many people live there. There are 538 electors in all. For a person to become president, he or she must get 270 or more votes from the electors.

When a presidential candidate wins the most votes in a state, all of those state's electoral votes go to that person.

#### States

Elections are done by each state, which means there were 50 different elections going on at the same time. Each state has its own rules about who is allowed to vote.

The Secretary of State is in charge of each state's elections.

### Georgia

Georgia has 16 electoral votes. That means that it makes 16 people electors. Biden got the most votes in Georgia so all 16 electoral votes went to him. A lot of people were surprised because Trump got the most votes in Georgia in 2016. Usually, Republican candidates have gotten the most votes in Georgia.

Brad Raffensperger was elected Secretary of State in 2018. He and Trump are both members of the Republican Party.

### Reactions and Lawsuits

Trump was not very happy about Georgia's electoral votes going to Biden. He said that there was cheating in the Georgia elections and that votes were changed so that Biden would get more. He said government officials in Georgia allowed electoral fraud and made him lose. He asked them to count the votes again. They did, but Biden still got the most votes.

## Call

On January 2, 2021, Trump called Raffensperger. He said that he won Georgia by "hundreds of thousands of votes" and that the results were wrong. Neither of these are true. Then he asked Raffensperger to "find" 11,780 votes and add them to the results so that he could be the winner.

## Investigation

According to federal and state law, trying to change the results of an election and making someone do so are illegal. That means that Trump might have broken the law by trying to make Raffensperger change the results of the elections in Georgia.
James C. Renick

**James Carmichael Renick** (December 8, 1948 – January 3, 2021) was an American academic. He was the Chancellor of University of Michigan–Dearborn from 1993 to 1999 and of North Carolina A&T State University from 1999 to 2006. He was born in Rockford, Illinois.

Renick died on January 3, 2021 in Greensboro, North Carolina from problems caused by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aged 72.
M. R. Schunker

Vice Admiral **Melville Raymond Schunker** (18 September 1924 – 4 January 2021) was an Indian Navy admiral. He was the third Director General of the Indian Coast Guard from 1982 to 1984. He also was the 6th Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS) from 1980 to 1982.

Schunker died on 4 January 2021 at a Goa hospital at the age of 96.
Turbo (movie)

***Turbo*** is a 2013 computer-animated movie. It is directed by David Soren, written by David Soren, Robert Siegel and Darren Lemke. It stars the voices of Ryan Reynolds, Paul Giamatti, Michael Peña, Snoop Dogg, Maya Rudolph, Michelle Rodriguez and Samuel L. Jackson.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Turbo
- **studio**: DreamWorks Animation
- **budget**: $127 million
- **language**: English
- **country**: United States
- **runtime**: 96 minutes
- **distributor**: 20th Century Fox
- **editing**: James Ryan
- **cinematography**: Chris Stover
- **music**: Henry Jackman
- **starring**: Ryan Reynolds
Paul Giamatti
Michael Peña
Snoop Dogg
Maya Rudolph
Michelle Rodriguez
Samuel L. Jackson
- **story**: David Soren
- **screenplay**: David Soren
Robert D. Siegel, Robert Siegel
Darren Lemke
- **producer**: Lisa Stewart
- **director**: David Soren (animator), David Soren
- **gross**: $282.6 million
Kneecap (band)

**Kneecap** (spelled **KNEECAP**) is a hip hop band from Belfast, Northern Ireland. It has three members: **Mo Chara**, **Móglaí Bap** and **DJ Próvaí**. They sing in English and Irish and often show they support Irish republicanism. "C.E.A.R.T.A." (Irish for "R.I.G.H.T.S.", meaning human rights), their first song, came out in 2017. They released more singles, such as "Get Your Brits Out", then their first album, _3CAG_, in 2018.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kneecap
- **caption**: (from left to right) Móglaí Bap, Dj Próvaí, Mo Chara taken by Peadar Ó Goill
- **background**: group_or_band
- **birth place**: Belfast, Northern Ireland
- **years active**: 2017–present
- **genre**: Hip hop, Political hip hop
- **label**: Independent
- **website**: [https://www.kneecap.ie/ www.kneecap.ie]
All the Right Moves

**All the Right Moves** may refer to:

## Movie and television

- _All the Right Moves_ (movie), a 1983 American movie starring Tom Cruise
- _All the Right Moves_, a 2012 American reality TV series starring Travis Wall
- _All the Right Moves_, a British TV programme presented by Quentin Willson
- "All the Right Moves" (_Dawson's Creek_), a television episode

## Music

- "All the Right Moves" (Jennifer Warnes and Chris Thompson song), from the soundtrack of the film, 1983
- "All the Right Moves" (OneRepublic song), 2009
- "All the Right Moves", a song by Bury Your Dead from _Cover Your Tracks_
- "All the Right Moves", a song by David Hasselhoff from _Night Rocker_
- "All the Right Moves", a song by Kick Axe from _Vices_
- _All the Right Moves_, a "gonzo opera" with a libretto by Thomas Bullene Woodward

## Books

- _All the Right Moves: A Guide to Crafting Breakthrough Strategy_, a 2000 book by Constantinos C. Markides
- _All the Right Moves: A VLSI Architecture for Chess_, a Ph.D. thesis by Carl Ebeling
Benjamin Hoskins Paddock

**Benjamin Hoskins Paddock** **Jr.** was an American bank robber and con man who was on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives from 1969 to 1977. He was the father of the 2017 Las Vegas shooting suspect Stephen Paddock, but never knew him.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Benjamin Paddock
- **image**: Benjamin Hoskins Paddock.jpg
- **caption**: Paddock
- **child**: Stephen Paddock
- **birth name**: Benjamin Hoskins Paddock jr.
- **known for**: Being on the FBI's FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives, Ten Most Wanted Fugitives from 1969 to 1977
- **birth place**: Sheboygan, Wisconsin, Sheboygan, Wisconsin, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Arlington, Texas, Arlington, Texas, U.S.
Single point of failure

When looking at a technical system, a **single point of failure** is a component that will stop the whole system from working if it fails. Systems that are built for high availability or reliability usually are designed to avoid single point of failures. This is usually done by adding redundancy, which is more than one thing that can do the same work.
IG-11

**IG-11** is a assassin droid from _Star Wars_. IG-11 has made multiple appearances in the television show _The Mandalorian_. During a mission to collect a bounty, Din Djarin and IG-11 worked together to collect it. But when IG-11 attempted to kill the bounty, the Mandalorian shot him in the head and nearly destroying him. But after the encounter, IG-11 was saved and rebuilt into a nurse droid by Kuiil. When Din Djarin recruits Kuiil and IG-11 for a mission, IG-11 is tasked with protecting Grogu. During the mission Kuiil is killed and Grogu is taken captive. But IG-11 comes by to quickly take back Grogu and skirmish with the Imperial forces. Pinned down in a tavern, IG-11 heals Din Djarin's head wounds while the others escape. Eventually, the group takes a boat down a lava stream to the lava flats but a platoon of stormtroopers. IG-11 sacrifices himself by self- destruction, killing the stormtroopers and giving Mando and his group the ability to escape. IG-11 is the same model as IG-88 and is voiced by Taika Waititi.
The Mandalorian

***The Mandalorian*** is an American space western set in the _Star Wars_ fictional universe. The show is created by Jon Favreau and is the first live-action Star Wars show. The Mandalorian takes place five years after _Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi_ and twenty-five years before _Star Wars: The Force Awakens_. The show follows lone bounty hunter Din Djarin as he travels the galaxy with Grogu, protecting him from the grasp of the remaining Galactic Empire. Jon Favreau was announced as the series' series writer in March 2018 as the first Star Wars show to premier on Disney+. The show has received immense praise for its take on Star Wars which promoted the green light for a second season which premiered on Disney+ October 30, 2020.

## Plot

Din Djarin is a lone bounty hunter that does his business in the outer reaches of the galaxy. But when he takes a bounty for the Galactic Empire, he instead protects the bounty, Grogu from the threats that face him. The Mandalorian is tasked with reuniting Grogu with the Jedi, while they are being hunted by Moff Gideon.

## Production

In November 2017 then The Walt Disney Company CEO, Bob Iger announced that a new live-action _Star Wars_ show was launching on Disney+. Soon Jon Favreau was brought on and soon other writers to help write and produce the show. Pedro Pascal signed on to play the show's lead character.

## Cast

- Pedro Pascal as Din Djarin
- Gina Carano as Cara Dune
- Carl Weathers Greef Karga
- Giancarlo Esposito as Moff Gideon
- Taika Waititi as IG-11
- Emily Swallow as Kuiil and Frog Lady
- Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker (voice)
- Katee Sackhoff as Bo-Katan Kryze
- Ming-Na Wen as Fennec Shand
- Temuera Morrison as Boba Fett
- Nick Nolte as Kuiil (voice)
- Werner Herzog as The Client

## Episodes

The Mandalorian consist of two seasons each with eight episodes. Season three is stated to currently be in development. Episodes premier on Fridays at 12 am PST.

### Season one

<onlyinclude>
</onlyinclude>

### Season two

<onlyinclude>
</onlyinclude>

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: The Mandalorian black background.svg
- **image alt**: The words "The Mandalorian" in gold on a black background.
- **creator**: Jon Favreau
- **starring**: Pedro Pascal
- **composer**: Ludwig Göransson
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 3
- **num episodes**: 24
- **list episodes**: #Episodes
- **runtime**: 32–54 minutes
- **location**: Los Angeles, California
- **network**: Disney+
- **related**: _The Book of Boba Fett_
Obradoiro CAB

**Obradoiro Club de Amigos do Baloncesto** is a Galician basketball team. It was founded in 1970. The team currently plays in league ACB.

## Major trophies

- **Prince's Cup of Basketball**: **1**
    - 2010/11
- **Copa Galicia de Baloncesto** (_Galician League_): **9**
    - 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019
Cara Dune

**Cara Dune** is a _Star Wars_ character. She is in many episodes of _The Mandalorian_. Cara was first a shock trooper for the Rebel Alliance. She went to fight Imperials after the Battle of Endor. She also helped create the New Republic. She became a mercenary after and moved around the galaxy. She became a marshall.

After a fight with Din Djarin and Grogu, Cara agreed to help protect a village from raiders with them. They train the villagers to fight and set up a protection against the raiders. Raiders came to attack the village. Cara and Din help the villagers win. Then, the Mandalorian and Cara each leave and go to different places. Later on, Din Djarin asks for help from Cara Dune to help fight off Imperials at the request of Greef Karga. While on Mando's ship, Grogu force chokes Cara Dune because he thought that Cara was attacking Djarin when they were arm-wrestling. When the fighting begins between Cara, Mando, Din, IG-11 and the Empire they are pinned down but Cara manages to find an escape through the tunnels. After they get out of the tunnels they are attacked by Moff Gideon in his TIE fighter which Cara helps repel. Cara is then invited to work as an enforcer with Greef which she agrees to.

She helps Din Djarin and Greef Karga blow up an Imperial base. They learn that Moff Gideon is trying to clone something or someone at the base. They set the base to blow up and steal a vehicle to escape. Stormtroopers on speederbikes and TIE fighters try to stop them but they escape. Later on, Cara agrees to help Mando find Grogu after he is taken by Moff Gideon. She is waiting and ready as Mando and prisoner Migs Mayfeld find Gideon's ship. Soon after Cara, Mando, Bo-Katan Kyrze, Fennec Shand and Koska Reeves attack the ship and take it over. They free Grogu and capture Gideon. But Imperial soldiers trap them when one X-Wing starfighter comes. Cara says jokingly, that they are saved, but she does not know that it was Luke Skywalker who came to save them.
Simon Warr

**Simon Warr** (9 September 1953 – 22 February 2020) was a British radio performer and teacher.  He was famous for performing as headmaster in _That'll Teach Em_.

## Early life

Warr was born in Haverfordwest on 9 September 1953.

## Accusation of child abuse

He was arrested for child abuse in 2012. He was accused of abusing boys at two boarding schools many years earlier, St. George's School and Royal Hospital School.  The accusation said he watched boys take showers and then touched a boy.  He was put on trial.  Warr told the court the accusations were "malicious lies".  The trial lasted seven days. The members of the jury talked to each other for 40 minutes and then decided he was not guilty.

Near the end of his life, Warr said that being accused of child abuse was worse than being diagnosed with cancer.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Simon Warr
- **birth date**: 9 September 1953
- **birth place**: Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire
- **death date**: 22 February 2020
Charlestown, Saint Kitts and Nevis

**Charlestown** is a town on the island of Nevis (St. Kitts and Nevis).
C/1980 E1

**C/1980 E1** is a non-periodic comet discovered by Edward L. G. Bowell on 11 February 1980 and came closest to the Sun in March 1982. It is leaving the Solar System due to a close approach to Jupiter.  Since its discovery only 1I/ʻOumuamua and 2I/Borisov have been identified with a faster trajectory.
Ethnography

**Ethnography** is a kind of anthropology. Ethnographers study specific cultures.

Ethnography mostly uses participant observation. The researcher becomes part of the setting or mixes with the people being studied. They try to record patterns of social interaction and the thoughts and experiences of participants. Ethnographers want to understand these in their local contexts. Ethnography started in social and cultural anthropology in the early twentieth century. It spread to other social sciences, especially sociology.

Ethnographers mainly use qualitative methods. They may also use quantitative data.

According to Dewan (2018), ethnographers do not try to find generalized results. They study cultures in context and in a specific situation. The best way to use ethnography with quantitative research is to discover relationships. Then, use the results and data to test and explain empirical assumptions.

The word ethnography comes from Greek words  _ethnos_ "folk, people, nation" and  _grapho_ "I write")

## Important ethnographers

- Manuel Ancízar Basterra (1812-1882)
- Franz Boas (1858–1942)
- Gregory Bateson (1904–1980)
- Adriaen Cornelissen van der Donck (c. 1618 – 1655)
- Mary Douglas (1921–2007)
- Raymond Firth (1901–2002)
- Thor Heyerdahl (1914-2002)
- Diamond Jenness (1886-1969)
- Mary Kingsley (1862–1900)
- Carobeth Laird (1895-1983)
- Ruth Landes (1908-1991)
- Edmund Leach (1910-1989)
- José Leite de Vasconcelos (1858-1941)
- Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908-2009)
- Bronisław Malinowski (1884-1942)
- David Maybury-Lewis (1929-2007)
- Margaret Mead (1901–1978)
- Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay (1846-1888)
- Gerhard Friedrich Müller (1705-1783)
- Nikolai Nadezhdin (1804-1856)
- Lubor Niederle (1865-1944)
- Dositej Obradović (1739-1811)
- Alexey Okladnikov (1908-1981)
- Sergey Oldenburg (1863-1934)
- Edward Sapir (1884–1939)
- August Ludwig von Schlözer (1735-1809)
- James Spradley (1933-1982)
- Jean Briggs (1929-2016)
- Cora Du Bois (1903-1991)
- Lila Abu-Lughod
- Elijah Anderson (born 1943)
- Ruth Behar
- Zuzana Beňušková (born 1960)
- Zalpa Bersanova
- Napoleon Chagnon (1938-2019)
- Veena Das (born 1945)
- Kristen R. Ghodsee (born 1970)
- Alice Goffman (born 1982)
- Jaber F. Gubrium
- Katrina Karkazis
- Richard Price (born 1941)
- Marilyn Strathern (born 1941)
- Barrie Thorne
- Sudhir Venkatesh
- Susan Visvanathan
- Paul Willis

## Related pages

- Ethnology
- Folklore
Flight Command

***Flight Command*** is a 1940 American romantic drama movie directed by Frank Borzage and starring Robert Taylor, Ruth Hessey, Walter Pidgeon, Red Skelton, Nat Pendleton, Dick Purcell, Addison Richards, Marsha Hunt, Pat Flaherty. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1942.
Avocado toast

**Avocado toast** is a type of open sandwich. It is toast with mashed avocado, salt, black pepper, and lemon juice. Many other ingredients may be used, such as poached eggs, salmon, strawberries, tomato, and feta. It is a dish popularised in Australia.
Leave Her to Heaven

***Leave Her to Heaven*** is a 1945 American crime thriller movie directed by John M. Stahl and was based on the 1944 novel of the same name by Ben Ames Williams. It stars Gene Tierney, Cornel Wilde, Jeanne Crain, Vincent Price, Mary Philips, Gene Lockhart, Darryl Hickman, Reed Hadley and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for 4 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1946.
The Musk Who Fell to Earth

"**The Musk Who Fell to Earth**" is the 12th episode of the 26th season of _The Simpsons_. It was first shown on the Fox network on January 25, 2015. Elon Musk is a guest star in the episode.

## Story

Elon Musk lands a Dragon 2 in the Simpson family's backyard. Elon tells the family that he is looking for ideas. Homer takes Elon to the power plant he works at. Elon thinks that Homer is able to give him many new ideas. Elon goes to Mr. Burns, the owner of the power plant. He talks to him about adding a machine to the power plant so it can be environmentally friendly. Burns goes through with the idea and tells their town about it.
Elon makes many new machines around the town to save or make electrical energy, for example, a Hyperloop and self-driving cars. However, Burns learns that the town will lose $50 million every three months because of the machines. Burns must fire some of his employees at the power plant. Homer is sad because Musk's machines made his friends fired. On the next day, Burns tries to assassinate Elon. Elon stops a bullet from hitting him or hitting Homer. Homer thanks him but says to him that they should not be friends anymore. Elon agrees and starts to go in a rocket. He gives Lisa a birdhouse so that she does not have to be sad. Elon starts the rocket and goes back to outer space.

## Production

"The Musk Who Fell to Earth" was written by Neil Campbell. Matthew Nastuk is the director of the episode. Elon Musk said that he was a fan of the show. He watched it many times while he was at the University of Pennsylvania. The episode was made after Elon had a meeting with James L. Brooks. Brooks said he wanted to see Elon in fiction.

## Reception

3.29 million people watched the episode when it was first shown on television. Dennis Perkins from _The A.V. Club_ said that the episode is "more like a love letter to Musk than a proper Simpsons episode." He sees the episode as if the writers learned that Elon is a fan of the show and agreed to make an episode about him.

## Infobox (television episode)

- **series**: The Simpsons
- **season**: 26
- **episode**: 12
- **director**: Matthew Nastuk
- **writer**: Neil Campbell
- **production**: TABF04
- **guests**: Elon Musk as himself
- **prev**: Bart's New Friend
- **next**: Walking Big & Tall
- **season article**: The Simpsons (season 26)
- **episode list**: List of The Simpsons episodes
Franco Loi

**Franco Loi** (21 January 1930 – 4 January 2021) was an Italian poet, writer, and essayist. He was born in Genoa, Italy. In 2001, Loi wrote a book of short stories _The width of the sky_ and published several essays. Loi was the winner of the Bonfiglio Prize for the _Stròlegh_ collection.

Loi died on 4 January 2021 in Milan at the age of 90.
Sandra Hutchens

**Sandra Sue Hutchens** (March 18, 1955 – January 4, 2021) was an American law enforcement official and politician. She was the Sheriff-Coroner of Orange County, California from 2008 to 2019. Hutchens was born in Monterey Park, California.

Hutchens died on January 4, 2021 from breast cancer in Temecula, California, aged 65.
Elena Santiago

**Elena Fernández Gómez** (8 February 1941 – 3 January 2021), known by the pen name **Elena Santiago**, was a Spanish writer. She was born in Castile and León, Spain. In 1983, she won the Felipe Trigo Awards. She wrote many Christmas-related children stories. She wrote _Cuentos de este siglo_, _Cien años de cuento_, _El Faro_, _Miguel Delibes_, and _Jorge Guillén_.

Santiago died at the age of 79 on 3 January 2021 in Valladolid, Spain.
Lee Breuer

**Lee Breuer** (February 6, 1937 – January 3, 2021) was an American playwright, theater director, academic, educator, filmmaker, poet, and lyricist. Breuer taught and directed on six continents. Breuer was a founding co-artistic director of Mabou Mines Theater Company in New York City.

Breuer died on January 3, 2021 at the age of 83.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America
Guadalupe Grande

**Guadalupe Grande** (30 May 1965 – 2 January 2021) was a Spanish poet. She had a degree in social anthropology from the Complutense University of Madrid. She was born in Madrid. She was a literary critic and teacher. She wrote _El libro de Lilit_ in 1995, _La llave de la niebla_ in 2003, and _Mapas de cera_ in 2006.

Grande died at the age of 55 due to coronavirus in his hometown of Madrid, Spain, on January 2, 2021.
Paatje Phefferkorn

**Verdi Phefferkorn von Offenbach** (26 February 1922 – 1 January 2021), better known as **‘Paatje Phefferkorn’**, was an Indonesian-Dutch  practitioner and mixed martial artist. He was born in Bandung, Dutch East Indies. He was the creator of the 'Indo Melati' flag and emblem. In 1967 he started a small mixed martial arts school in the city of Utrecht. Soon he created a second school and in the end ran 17 schools throughout the Netherlands.

Phefferkorn died due to COVID-19 on 1 January 2021 in Amsterdam at the age of 98.

## Other websites

- Official Dutch fan site. Retrieved 22 Sep 2010
- Interview with Paatje Phefferkorn.   Retrieved 22 Sep 2010.
- Official  Tong Tong Festival website.
Allen Covert

**Allen Stephen Covert** (born October 13, 1964) is an American comedian, actor, writer, and producer. He is best known for his starring role in the classic 2006 comedy movie _Grandma's Boy_. He was born in West Palm Beach, Florida.

He was in many movies with actor and friend Adam Sandler such as _Happy Gilmore_ (1996), _The Wedding Singer_ (1998), _Big Daddy_ (1999), _Little Nicky_ (2000), _Mr. Deeds_ (2002), _Anger Management_ (2003), _50 First Dates_ (2004) and _I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry_ (2007).
Christine Woods

**Christine Elizabeth Woods** (born September 3, 1983) is an American actress. She appeared in the HBO series _Hello Ladies_. She played FBI Special Agent Janis Hawk in the ABC series _FlashForward_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Christine Woods
- **birth name**: Christine Elizabeth Woods
- **birth place**: Lake Forest, California, U.S.
- **height**: 5'6" (1.68 m)
- **years active**: 1983–present
- **occupation**: Actress
Lake Forest, California

**Lake Forest** is a city in Orange County, California. At the 2020 census, 85,858 people lived here.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Lake Forest, California
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in California, City
- **image skyline**: Lake Forest and Laguna Hills Photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg
- **image caption**: Aerial view showing portion of Lake Forest to the left
- **image flag**: Flag of Lake Forest, California.gif
- **image seal**: Seal of Lake Forest, California.png
- **image map**: File:Orange County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Lake Forest Highlighted 0639496.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Lake Forest in Orange County, California
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: California
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name2**: Orange County, California, Orange
- **established title2**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date2**: December 20, 1991
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 16.79
- **area total km2**: 43.49
- **area land sq mi**: 16.71
- **area land km2**: 43.29
- **area water sq mi**: 0.08
- **area water km2**: 0.20
- **elevation ft**: 489
- **elevation m**: 148
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 85858
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population rank**: List of largest California cities by population, 97th in California
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 92609, 92610, 92630, 92679
- **area code**: Area code 949, 949
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature IDs
- **blank1 info**: ,
Laura Harring

**Laura Elena, Countess von Bismarck-Schönhausen** (_née_ **Martínez-Herring**; March 3, 1964), commonly known as **Laura Harring**, is a Mexican-American actress and model.

In 1985, Harring became the first Hispanic woman crowned Miss USA. She is best known for her roles as Rita and Camilla Rhodes in the 2001 movie _Mulholland Drive_.

## Infobox (pageant titleholder)

- **name**: Laura Harring
- **image**: Laura_Harring_2011.jpg
- **caption**: Harring in 2011
- **birth place**: Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
- **birthname**: Laura Elena Martínez Herring
- **title**: Miss Texas USA, Miss Texas USA 1985
Miss USA 1985
- **nationalcompetition**: Miss Texas USA, Miss Texas USA 1985
(Winner)
Miss USA 1985
(Winner)
Miss Universe 1985
(Top 10)
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1987–present
John Muckler

**John Muckler** (April 13, 1934 – January 4, 2021) was a Canadian professional hockey coach and executive. He was a manager and executive for many National Hockey League (NHL) teams. He had been a part of five Stanley Cup championships. He managed the Minnesota North Stars, Edmonton Oilers, Buffalo Sabres, New York Rangers, Ottawa Senators and Phoenix Coyotes. Muckler was born in Midland, Ontario.

Muckler died on January 4, 2021 in Buffalo, New York at the age of 86.
Midland, Ontario

**Midland** is a town on Georgian Bay in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada.  It is part of the Huronia/Wendat region of Central Ontario.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Midland
- **official name**: Town of Midland
- **settlement type**: List of towns in Ontario, Town (List of municipalities in Ontario#Lower-tier municipalities, lower-tier)
- **image skyline**: Midland, Ontario.jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Midland
- **pushpin map**: Canada Southern Ontario#CAN ON Simcoe
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision name1**: Ontario
- **subdivision name2**: Simcoe County, Simcoe
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Bill Gordon
- **leader title1**: Governing Body
- **leader name1**: Midland Town Council
- **leader title2**: MPs
- **leader name2**: Adam Chambers (politician), Adam Chambers
- **leader title3**: MPPs
- **leader name3**: Jill Dunlop
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1890
- **area land km2**: 35.33
- **area metro km2**: 60.75
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population total**: 17817
- **population density km2**: 504.3
- **population metro**: 27894
- **population density metro km2**: 459.1
- **timezone**: Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **postal code type**: Forward Sortation Area
- **postal code**: List of L postal codes of Canada, L4R
- **area code**: Area code 705, 705
- **website**: [https://www.Midland.ca/ www.Midland.ca]
Alienation (Marxism)

In Marxism, **alienation** is a feeling that people have when they don't feel connected to the society around them and their work.

According to Marx, there are four types of alienation in a capitalist society:

1. Alienation from the product of a person's work
1. Alienation from the process of work
1. Alienation from others
1. Alienation from self

Because of alienation, people have no control over their lives or over the things they make. Instead, the products of their labor are exchanged for wages in order to survive.

### Alienation from the product of a person's work

In this type of alienation, a worker cannot relate to the work he or she is doing. For example, someone can screw parts into a toy without seeing the rest of the toy when it is done. This type of alienation increased after people started doing work in assembly lines. Before then, people would make things from start to finish.

### Alienation from the process of work

A worker does not control the means of production. He or she just does the things that is taught to them. For example, a worker might need to make shirts in the same style and cannot experiment with patterns or designs.

### Alienation from others

In a capitalist society, a worker will be in competition with other workers for a small number of jobs. Because of this, they cannot cooperate with each other and fight for their shared interests as workers.

### Alienation from self

Finally, people are alienated from their identity that they get from doing their work. Marx called this identity _Gattungswesen_ (German for "species-essence" or "human nature"). For example, someone who just screws parts into a toy will not feel like a toymaker because he or she is not really "making" toys.
Primitive communism

**Primitive communism** is a term that was used by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to describe hunter-gatherer societies and how they shared resources among each other. Primitive means in the early stages of development, so primitive communism is an early form of communism.

## Traits

In a primitive communist society, there is no extra stuff for people to hoard. Things like food and housing are shared equally among all members of the community. There is no such thing as money. Instead, everyone in a primitive communist society has to help get food. There is no authoritarianism and no concept of a state. Instead, everyone has an equal say in what goes on in the society. This is called egalitarianism.

Agriculture led to the creation of the private ownership of land. The extra food that could be grown meant that some people did not have to work to get food. These people started to get other jobs and that led to the creation of social class. This is when people started thinking that some jobs were more important than others, and people began to perform slavery.

## Marxism

Marx and Engels got the idea of primitive communism from the American anthropologist, named Lewis H. Morgan. Morgan did a lot of research on the Iroquois people, who lived in big groups and shared everything that they grew, hunted, and gathered. Marx and Engels thought that the Iroquois lived in a society that had communist traits.
Cypriot First Division

The **Cypriot First Division** is the top division of association football in Cyprus. It is organized by the Cyprus Football Association. Since February 2016, it is sponsored by Cyta and thus officially known as **Cyta Championship**.

## 2020-21 teams

- AEK Larnaca
- AEL Limassol
- Anorthosis Famagusta
- APOEL
- Apollon Limassol
- Doxa Katokopias
- Enosis Neon Paralimni
- Ermis Aradippou
- Ethnikos Achna
- Karmiotissa
- Nea Salamis Famagusta
- Olympiakos Nicosia
- Omonia
- Pafos F.C.

## Other websites

- Top Scorers per season

## Infobox (football league)

- **name**: Cyta Championship
- **country**: Republic of Cyprus, Cyprus
- **confed**: UEFA
- **teams**: 14
- **relegation**: Cypriot Second Division
- **levels**: 1
- **domest cup**: Cypriot Cup
Cypriot Super Cup
- **confed cup**: UEFA Champions League
UEFA Europa League
UEFA Europa Conference League
- **champions**: APOEL FC, APOEL (28th title)
- **season**: 2018–19 Cypriot First Division, 2018–19
- **most successful club**: APOEL FC, APOEL
(28 titles)
- **top goalscorer**: Sotiris Kaiafas (1967–1984)
(261 goals)
- **tv**: CytaVision
PrimeTel PLC, PrimeTel
Cablenet
- **website**: [http://www.cfa.com.cy/ CFA]
Spanish grammar

**Spanish grammar** is the rules for speaking and writing in the Spanish language. It is similar to the grammar of other Romance languages.

## Verbs

Verbs in Spanish belong to one of three classes: -_ar_, -_er_, and -_ir_.

Verbs are conjugated (changed) depending on tense and person. That means a verb talking about the past will have a different form than a verb about something happening right now.

## Nouns

In Spanish, every noun has a gender, either masculine or feminine.

## Adjectives

Adjectives usually go after the noun they describe and change depending on number and person.
False confession

In law, a confession is when somebody admits that he or she has committed a crime or a felony, which is punishable. In a false confession, the person admits he or she has committed a crime or a felony, but this is not true. False confessions occur regularly. In general, there are three reasons, why they occur:

1. Certain people want to give a false confession. They do this for different reasons. In most cases, they want to protect someone who is close to them. There are also some mental conditions that can cause false confessions, for example Histrionic personality disorder. Many legal systems have rules, that people do not need to testify, if this testimony could harm close relatives. This type of false confession  is called **voluntary false confession**.
1. Sometimes people are forced ot give a false confession. This is usually done by special interrogation methods, or even torture. In such situations, people usually confess to reduce stress, or because they get a reward. Officially such confessions are called **coerced-compliant confessions**
1. There are certain interrogation techniques that can make people  believe that they  guilty, even though they are innocent. In legal terminology, this is called **coerced-internalized confessions**
Steve Russell (computer scientist)

**Stephen Russell** (born 1937), also nicknamed "**Slug**", is an American computer scientist. He is best known for creating _Spacewar!_ (1962), one of the earliest video games. He wrote the first two versions of the programming language Lisp for the IBM 704 mainframe computer.

Russell was born in Hartford, Connecticut. He went to Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, from 1954 to 1958.

## Other websites

- Computer History Museum
Lynn Morley Martin

**Lynn Morley Martin** (born **Judith Lynn Morley**; December 26, 1939) is an American politician and businesswoman. She is a Republican. She was the United States Secretary of Labor from 1991 to 1993. She also served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 16th congressional district from 1981 to 1991.

Martin was born in Evanston, Illinois. She had two children with her first husband John Martin. In 1987, she married judge Harry Leinenweber.

## Other websites

- Appearances on C-SPAN
Papurana daemeli

<small>_For other wood frogs, see Wood frog (disambiguation)._</small>

The **Australian bullfrog**, **Australian wood frog**, **water frog**, **Arhem Rana** or **wood frog** (_Papurana daemeli_) is a frog from New Guinea and Australia.  It lives everywhere in New Guinea up to 1000 meters above sea level.  It lives in northern Queensland on the Cape York Peninsula and in the Northern Territory.  The Australian bullfrog is the only true frog that lives in Australia.  Scientists think the frog traveled to Australia from New Guinea.

This frog lives in rainforests, monsoon forests and other tropical forests.  It lives near bodies of water that do not dry up.  The frog hides in plants near the water.  The female lays thousands of eggs at a time.

This frog can be as large as 8.0 cm from head to end of the body.  It has a pointed head.  It can be light brown or dark brown.  It has two folds of skin down its back.
Wyalkatchem

**Wyalkatchem** is a town in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia. At the 2018 census, 498 people lived in the town.

## Notable people

- Kerry Vincent, television personality and baker.

## Other websites

- Shire of Wyalkatchem
Bob Brett

**Bob Brett** (13 November 1953 – 5 January 2021) was an Australian tennis coach. He coached Boris Becker. Becker won Wimbledon, the US Open and the Australian Open between 1989 and 1991 while Brett was his coach. Brett also coached Goran Ivanišević, Andrei Medvedev, Mario Ančić, Marin Čilić, and others. Brett spent 24 years on the ATP circuit. He was born in Melbourne, Victoria.

Brett died of cancer in Paris on 5 January 2021. He was 67.
Guillermo Rodríguez Melgarejo

**Guillermo Rodríguez Melgarejo** (20 May 1943 – 4 January 2021) was an Argentine Roman Catholic bishop. Melgarejo was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He became a priest in 1970.

Melgarejo was titular bishop of _Ucres_ and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Buenos Aires from 1994 to 2003 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Martín in Argentina from 2003 to 2018.

Melgarejo died on 4 January 2021, aged 77.
3D/Biela

**Biela's Comet** or **Comet Biela** (official designation: **3D/Biela**) was a periodic comet first recorded in 1772 by Montaigne and Messier and finally identified as periodic in 1826 by Wilhelm von Biela.  It was seen to split in two and has not been seen since 1852. It is thought to have been destroyed, although remnants appeared to have survived for some time as a meteor shower, the Andromedids.
Kim Tschang-yeul

**Kim Tschang Yeul** (also known as "김창열","Kim Tchangyeul", "Kim Chang Yeul", or "Tschangyeul Kim"; 24 December 1929 – 5 January 2021) was a South Korean painter. He was born in Maengsan, South Pyongan. Many of his works were surrealism and about spirituality.

In 2016, the government of Jeju Province opened the Kim Tschang Yeul Art Museum in _Artists' Village in Jeoji_, Jeju island, South Korea. It was the highest honor given to a living Korean artist.

In 2017, he was awarded the Officier medal of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the Embassy of France in Seoul.

Kim died on 5 January 2021 in Seoul at the age of 91.
Ordre des Arts et des Lettres

The **Ordre des Arts et des Lettres** (Order of Arts and Letters) is an order of France created on 2 May 1957 by the Minister of Culture. Its status to the Ordre national du Mérite was confirmed by President Charles de Gaulle in 1963.

The Order has three grades:
- ***Commandeur*** (Commander) — medallion worn on a necklet; up to 20 recipients a year
- ***Officier*** (Officer) — medallion worn on a ribbon with rosette on left breast; up to 60 recipients a year
- ***Chevalier*** (Knight) — medallion worn on a ribbon on left breast; up to 200 recipients a year
Praia Grande

**Praia Grande** ( is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista. 319,146 people lived here in 2018.
Anatoliy Butenko

**Anatoliy Ivanovych Butenko** (23 February 1938 – 4 January 2021) was a Ukrainian politician. He was born in Myrhorod, Ukraine. He was a member of the Communist Party of Ukraine. From 1990 to 1994, he was a member of the Verkhovna Rada.

Butenko died on 4 January 2021, aged 82.
Gordon "Butch" Stewart

**Gordon Arthur Cyril Stewart** OJ, CD (6 July 1941 – 4 January 2021), commonly known as **Butch Stewart**, was a Jamaican hotelier and businessman. He was the founder, owner and chairman of Sandals Resorts, Beaches Resorts. He also owned _The Jamaica Observer_. He was born in Kingston, Jamaica.

Stewart died in Miami, Florida on 4 January 2021 at the age of 79.
Lotte Lenya

**Lotte Lenya** (born **Karoline Wilhelmine Charlotte Blamauer**; 18 October 1898 – 27 November 1981) was an Austrian–American singer, and actress.

She sang Kurt Weill's songs. He was her first husband. She married him twice.

In English-language cinema, she was nominated for an Academy Award for playing an aristocrat in _The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone_ (1961).

Her performance as the murderous and sadistic Rosa Klebb in the James Bond movie _From Russia with Love_ (1963) is famous.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lotte Lenya
- **image**: Lotte Lenya.jpg
- **imagesize**: 180px
- **caption**: photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1962
- **birth name**: Karoline Wilhelmine Charlotte Blamauer
- **birth place**: Vienna, Austria-Hungary
- **death place**: New York City, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1922–1981
Mikhail Zhelev

**Mikhail Zhelev** () (15 July 1943 – 5 January 2021) was a Bulgarian athlete. He was born in Sliven, Bulgaria. He competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics, finishing 6th and in the 1972 Summer Olympics, finishing 12th. He won a gold medal at the 1969 European Athletics Championships.

Zhelev died on 5 January 2021 at the age of 77.
James Greene (Northern Irish actor)

**James Greene** (19 May 1931 – January 2021) was a Northern Irish actor. He played lawyers, clergymen, army officers and judges on many movies and television shows. He was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland. He played Scottish clergyman in _Johnny English_ (2003), Roy in the medial drama _Holby City_ and as Mr. Hubble in _Big School_.

Greene died in January 2021, aged 89.
El Capitan

**El Capitan** (; _The Captain_ or _The Chief_), also known as **El Cap**, is a vertical rock formation in Yosemite National Park. It is on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near its western end. The granite monolith is about  from base to top along its tallest face. Many rock climbers go up the mountain

A person first climbed El Capitan in 1958.
João Cutileiro

**João Cutileiro** OSE (26 June 1937 – 5 January 2021) was a Portuguese modernist sculptor. He created controversial female nude marble statues. He was born in Lisbon. One of his important works is the statue of Sebastian of Portugal (1973) in the Algarve.

Cutileiro died of respiratory failure on 5 January 2021 in Lisbon, aged 83.
Carly Chaikin

**Carly Hannah Chaikin** (born March 26, 1990) is an American actress. Her acting career began in 2009. She played Dalia Royce in the ABC sitcom _Suburgatory_. She played the role until the series' cancellation in 2014. She also played Darlene in the USA Network thriller drama series _Mr. Robot_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Carly Chaikin
- **image**: Carly Chaikin - Social Animals Premiere (close-up).jpg
- **caption**: Chaikin in May 2018
- **birth name**: Carly Hannah Chaikin
- **birth place**: Santa Monica, California, U.S.
- **education**: The Archer School for Girls
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2009–present
Frankie Shaw

**Rachel Frances Shaw** (born 1981) is an American actress, writer, director and producer. She played Bridgette Bird on the Showtime series _SMILF_.

Shaw also played Mary Jo Cacciatore on the 2010–2011 Spike TV series _Blue Mountain State_, and her role as Shayla Nico in the first season of the USA Network television series _Mr. Robot_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frankie Shaw
- **image**: 2015 11 25 Frankie43422 copy.jpg
- **caption**: Shaw in November 2015
- **alt**: Shaw in November 2015
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **years active**: 2005–present
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: Barnard College
Wood frog (disambiguation)

**Wood frog** is the ordinary speech name for many species of frog.

- _Lithobates sylvaticus_ or _Rana sylvatica_, the North American wood frog
- _Papurana daemeli_, the Australian bullfrog
Estadio Multiusos de San Lázaro

**Estadio Municipal Vero Boquete de San Lázaro**, formerly called **Estadio Multiusos de San Lázaro**, is a multi-purpose stadium in Santiago de Compostela, Spain. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of SD Compostela. It has a capacity of 16,666 and the pitch dimensions are . On 8 November 2018, the stadium was renamed to pay homage to Vero Boquete, Spanish footballer. It has capacity for 12,000 spectators and is currently the local fiefdom of the SD Compostela football team. It is also the headquarters of several entities.
IFP School

**IFP School** () is a engineering graduate school in France. It is in a campus of IFP Énergies nouvelles.

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees:
- _Ingénieur IFP School_ (IFP School Graduate engineer Masters level program)
- _Masters Recherche_ & _Doctorat_ (_PhD_ doctorate studies )
- _Mastères Spécialisés_ (_MS_)
- Massive Online Open Course.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at IFP School.

Most of the 800 graduate engineer students at IFP live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports.

## Research labs

Research activities at IFP School relate to the following topics:
- Motors and sustainable mobility
- Energy saving and energy management
- Energy processes and chemical processes
- Georesources and Energy.

## Further reading

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: IFP School
- **native name**: École nationale supérieure du pétrole et des moteurs
- **image**: IFP Logo.png
- **established**: 1954
- **type**: Public, Graduate engineering school
- **students**: 1500
- **city**: Rueil-Malmaison
- **campus**: IFP Énergies nouvelles
- **country**: France
- **affiliations**: Conférence des grandes écoles
- **website**: http://www.ifp-school.com
S/2015 (136472) 1

**S/2015 (136472) 1**, nicknamed **MK2**, is a moon of the dwarf planet Makemake. It was discovered in 2016. Its orbital period around Makemake is around 12 days. It is about 175 kilometers across.

## Infobox (planet)

- **minorplanet**: yes
- **background**: #FFFFC0
- **name**: S/2015 (136472) 1
- **image**: Makemake moon Hubble image with legend (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Makemake and its moon (arrow)
- **discovered**: 2016
- **mp category**: minor-planet moon
- **alt names**: MK2
- **period**: 12 d
- **satellite of**: Makemake
- **mean diameter**: 175 km
Pennsylvania Dutch

**Pennsylvania Dutch** is the name of a group of settlers who emigrated to the United States. Most of them were Protestant, they travelled along the Rhine, to reach the sea. Most of them settled in Pennsylvania. Most of them were Mennonites, Amish, or they belonged to the Moravian Church. They kept their language, which is known as Pennsylvania Dutch today. There numbers are unknown, but based on the speakers of the language, they are estimated to be between 390,000 and 420,000 people. About 80% of the people are Amish or Old Order Mennonites. Lutherans and Protestants only account for about five percent of the speakers.