juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Main Street (Vancouver)

**Main Street** is a street in Vancouver. It runs from Waterfront Road in the north end to Kent Avenue in the south end. It is 8.8 km long. It is one of the main streets in Downtown Vancouver. Parts of the former Highway 1A and Highway 99A used to be part of Main Street.

The street was originally named Westminster Avenue before being renamed to Main Street on July 20, 1910. Many shopkeepers on the north side of the street were against the name change but the south welcomed the change. City Council had first voted not to change the name but eventually reversed their decision. It was once home to a bascule bridge that crossed False Creek. The bridge was eventually torn down and replaced with the Canadian National Station. The street was also once home to many hotels because of it being close to both New Westminster and the United States border.

It runs through the Downtown Eastside, Old Japantown, Chinatown, Strathcona, Mount Pleasant, Riley Park–Little Mountain, Punjabi Market, and Sunset neighbourhoods.

The Main Street–Science World station is located on Main Street. It features the Expo Line of the SkyTrain. It is one of the busiest stations for the SkyTrain.

There are many events that take place on Main Street such as Car Free Day, Vancouver Vaisakhi Festival, and the Vancouver Mural Festival where people paint murals on the sides of buildings. On January 24, 2025, the Mural Fest announced that they were shutting down.
National Federation of Republican Women

The **National Federation of Republican Women (NFRW)** is a political action committee (PAC) that serves as the women's wing of the Republican Party in the United States. It was founded in 1938 by Marion Martin, who was the assistant chair of the Republican National Committee.

The NFRW is recognized as one of the largest grassroots political organizations in the country, with thousands of members spread across local clubs nationwide. According to the NFRW, its mission is to empower women from all backgrounds in the political process and provide a forum for women to serve as leaders in political, government, and civic arenas.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: National Federation of Republican Women
- **image**: Republican Disc.svg
- **image size**: 150px
- **abbreviation**: NFRW
- **founders**: Joyce Porter Arneill, Marion Martin
- **founding location**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **type**: Women's wing
- **purpose**: Promote Republican values, recruit and elect Republican candidates, advance women in politics
- **headquarters**: Alexandria, Virginia, United States
- **membership**: Tens of thousands
- **leader title**: President
- **leader name**: Julie Harris
- **parent organization**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **affiliations**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **formerly**: National Federation of Women's Republican Clubs
VinFast VF e34

The **VinFast VF e34** is a electric subcompact Crossover SUV made by VinFast since 2021.

## History and Features

In January 2021 VinFast introduced a range of the first electric cars from the brand that consists of three Crossovers from different sizes. the smallest of them was the VF e34 later in December the first batch of VF e34s was delivered to Vietnamese customers the SUV marks the first electric car from the brand and the first ever electric car to be made and sold in Vietnam.

It has a electric motor with 110 kW (148 hp) and a claimed range of 300 km (186 mi) and a NEDC range of 285 km (177 mi) in early 2025 the VF e34 was renewed with the new Nerio Green template being sold alternatively as **VinFast Nerio Green** and is availiable as a commercial, ride-sharing and taxi-oriented vehicle.

## Markets

The VinFast VF e34 is currently sold in Vietnam and Indonesia (where it was launched there in 2024).

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: VinFast VF e34
- **image**: VF e34 Future Blue (2) (cropped).jpg
- **manufacturer**: VinFast
- **aka**: VinFast VF31
**VinFast Nerio Green**
- **production**: 2021–present
- **assembly**: Cát Hải District, Cát Hải, Vietnam (VinFast Trading and Production LLC, Hai Phong Plant)
- **class**: Subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment, B)
- **body style**: 5-door Sport utility vehicle, SUV
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, Front-motor, front-wheel-drive
- **electric range**: (claimed)
 (NEDC)
- **battery**: 44.5 Kilowatt-hour, kWh Lithium-ion battery, lithium-ion
- **sp**: us
- **charging**: 250 kW DC, 7.4 kW AC
- **motor**: Permanent magnet motor, Permanent magnet
Some Sexy Songs 4 U

***Some Sexy Songs 4 U*** (stylized as both ***$ome $exy $ongs 4 U*** and ***$$$4U***) is a collaborative album by Canadian musicians PartyNextDoor and Drake. _Some Sexy Songs 4 U_ was released on February 14, 2025. It is Party's first collaborative album and Drake's third.

On August 2, 2024, Drake made an unannounced appearance at a concert by PartyNextDoor in Toronto. He performed and then announced to the crowd that Party and he were working on an album together. On February 3, 2025, Drake officially revealed that the title of the album was _Some Sexy Songs 4 U_ and set the release date for February 14. On February 9, a snippet of the song "Crying in Chanel" was shared by Drake. On February 11, Drake shared the cover art for the album. The cover show Party and Drake beside each other wearing fur coats in a snowstorm in front of the Absolute World towers in Mississauga, Ontario. A snippet for the song "Somebody Loves Me" was shared by Drake on his "@plottttwistttttt" Instagram account on February 12.

The album debuted at #1 on the _Billboard_ 200, selling 246,000 album-equivalent units and 25,000 pure albums. The album was Drake's fourteenth number-one album in the US, which tied the record most number-one albums among soloists with Jay-Z and Taylor Swift. It was also Party's first number-one album. _Some Sexy Songs 4 U_ also broke the first-day streaming record for most streamed R&B/Soul album on Apple Music. It is the first time this has happened in the history of Apple Music.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Some Sexy Songs 4 U
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: PartyNextDoor and Drake (musician), Drake
- **released**: February 14, 2025
- **studio**: The Chapel
S.O.T.A. <small>(Toronto)</small>
Metalworks Studios, Metalworks <small>(Mississauga)</small>
- **genre**: Contemporary R&B, R&B
Trap music, trap
- **length**: 73:30
- **label**: OVO Sound, OVO
Santa Anna
Republic Records, Republic
- **producer**: * PartyNextDoor
* 29 Millions
* Aiona
* Alex Lustig
* Ali Roots
* Bangs
* Chibu
* DJ Lewis
* Earl on the Beat
* Eli
* Elkan
* Gent!
* Gordo (DJ), Gordo
* Harley Arsenault
* Imovekiloz
* Johannes Klahr
* JOP
* Majid Jordan, Jordan Ullman
* Jose De Luna
* Kid Masterpiece
* Kiyoshi
* Laf
* Livewire
* London Cyr
* M3rge
* Nasamadeit
* Niketaz
* Niko
* Noel Cadastre
* Nyan
* O Lil Angel
* Prep
* Reemz
* Richard Zestenker
* Room33
* Scandi
* Simon Hessman
* Skip2Fame
* Turrini
* Vawn
* Wondra030
Preston Oliver

**Preston Oliver** (born February 2, 2006, in Las Vegas, Nevada) is an American actor known for playing Griffin Campbell in Secrets of Sulphur Springs.

He has also appeared in the TV series Chicago Fire and in This is Us.

### Film

|Year|Title|Role|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2021|_Secrets of Sulphur Springs_|Griffin Campbell|

### Television

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2019|_Chicago Fire_|Riley Boyd|Main role, 26 episodes|
|2019-20|_This Is Us_|Kevin's Son|2 episodes|
|2020|_Roswell, Mexico_|Young Michael|2 episodes|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Preston Oliver III
- **caption**: Si Oliver noong 2023
- **birth name**: Preston Oliver III
- **birth place**: Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **occupation**: Actor
- **known for**: Griffin Campbell
- **years active**: 2019–present
Skinner Jones

**Skinner Jones**, (born on October 24, 1996 in Tennessee, United States), is an American professional model and internet celebrity in California. He moved to Los Angeles from Dickson, Tennessee.

## Modeling career

He is under contract in Adon Magazine and Wilhelmina model agency in the United States.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Skinner Jones
- **birth name**: Skinner Jones
- **birth place**: Dickson, Tennessee, United States
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **occupation**: Model
- **years active**: 2020–present
Massacre of Haftevan

The **Haftevan massacre** (Syriac:  ܛܘܐ ܕܗܦܬܒ) was a massacre carried out in 1915 against the Assyrian and Armenian people in World War I, as part of the Sayfo and Armenian genocide. The massacre was carried out by Ottoman forces, assisted by Kurdish collaborators, who attacked the Assyrian village of Haftevan in Qajar Iran.

## Massacre

In 1915, the Kurdish Shikak Tribe together with the Ottoman Army, had organized the massacre in Haftevan during February of 1915, which led to the deaths of around 700–800 Armenians and Assyrians. The massacre was commited on the orders of Djevdet Bey and Kurdish tribesmen under the command of Simko Shikak, who also helped in the massacre. Russian Army commander K. Matikyan reported seeing "with my own eyes hundreds of mangled corpses in pits, stinking from infection, lying in the open. I saw headless corpses, chopped off by axes, hands, legs, piles of heads, corpses crushed under rocks from fallen walls". According to historian David Gaunt, "This was where the Ottoman soldiers learned to execute unarmed noncombatant Christians", leading to the Armenian genocide and Assyrian genocide.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: Massacre of Haftevan
- **location**: Haftevan, Iran
- **date**: 1915
- **partof**: The Assyrian Genocide
- **target**: Assyrian people
- **fatalities**: 750 to 800
* 500 Assyrian people, Assyrian and Armenians, Armenian women were taken to Kurdish harems
- **perpetrator**: Shikak Tribe

- **image**: Refugees near Lake Urmia.png
- **type**: Massacre
Frontier states of the Gupta Empire

The **Frontier states of the Gupta Empire** refers to the various monarchial and republican states that accepted their dependence on the Gupta Empire.

The eastern frontier states included the Kingdoms of Samatata, Davaka, Kamarupa, Nepal and Karttripura.

### Samatata

Starting from the East, Harisena first mentions Samatata. The earliest mention of this country in literature is found in the Brihatsamhita of Varahamihira. Fleet explains the name as referring to a country with rivers that have flat and level banks on both sides, which describes lower Bengal. Smith notes that the name Samatata highlights the difference in appearance between the swamps of deltaic Bengal and the drier regions of Bihar and the North-Western Provinces. From the Ashrafpur plates and the account of I-tsing, we learn that during the seventh century, Samatata was ruled by the Khadaga dynasty, with its capital at Karmmanta (modern Kamta), about 12 miles west of Comilla. Under these kings, Samatata included the districts of Tippera, Noakhali, Barisal, Faridpur, and the eastern half of Dacca.

### Dvaka

Davaka is identified with the modern place called Daboka in the Nowgong District of Assam.

### Kamarupa

Kamarupa consisted of the western districts of the Brahmaputra valley. It was the most powerful state in the region and the first to be approached from the western side, so it came to represent the entire valley. Pragjyotish is identified as the capital of Kamarupa, which is associated with the city of Kamakhya or modern-day Gauhati.

### Nepala

In Nepal, Jaydeva I, the Lichchhavi king, was related to Samudragupta. His submission to Samudragupta effectively meant the submission of the Himalayan states on the Indian side. During Jayadeva's reign, the Gupta Era was introduced in Nepal.

### Kartipura

This kingdom likely covered the lower ranges of the western Himalayas, including areas like Kumaun, Almora, Garhwal, and Kangra. Upon reconsideration, we no longer support the earlier suggestion by Dashratha Sharma that identified it with Kahror or Karur, located between Multan and Loni.
Kristin Kreuk

**Kristin Laura Kreuk** (born December 30, 1982) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her roles as Lana Lang in the Superman-inspired television series _Smallville_ (2001–2011), Laurel Yeung in the Canadian teen drama series _Edgemont_ (2001–2005), Catherine Chandler in The CW sci-fi romantic drama series _Beauty & the Beast_ (2012–2016), and Joanna Hanley in the CBC legal drama series _Burden of Truth_ (2018–2021). She has also appeared in films such as _EuroTrip_ (2004), _Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li_ (2009), and _Vampire_ (2011).
Mehr News Agency

**Mehr News Agency** (**MNA**) is a semi-official Iranian news agency based in Tehran. It is owned by the Islamic Development Organization (IIDO).

## About MNA

It was founded on June 22, 2003. It publishes news in six languages: Persian, English, Arabic, Turkish, Urdu, and Kurdish. Its first CEO was Parviz Esmaeili, now it is Mohammad Mahdi Rahmati.

## News Coverage

MNA reports on art, culture, and literature, religion, education, technology, social issues, economy, politics, international news, and sports. It has five regional offices in Iran. MNA provides wide news coverage in Iran and worldwide. It has reporters in Europe, South America, Turkey, East Asia, and the Persian Gulf. There are over 300 journalists in 30 provinces.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Mehr News Agency
- **logo**: Mehrnews Logo.svg
- **type**: Broadcast newspaper online and mobile
- **industry**: News agency
- **country**: Iran
- **language**: Arabic, English, Persian, Kurdish, Turkish, Urdu
- **owner**: Islamic Development Organization
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **ceo**: Mohammad Mahdi Rahmati (since April 2023)
 Mohammad shojaeian (from September 2019 to April 2023)
 Ali Asgari (from April 2014 to September 2019)
 Reza Moghadasi (from October 2010 to April 2014)
 Parviz Esmaeili (from July 2003 to October 2010)
- **headquarters**: Tehran
VinFast VF 6

The **VinFast VF 6** is a electric subcompact Crossover SUV made by VinFast since 2024.

## History and Features

The VinFast VF 6 was first shown at the Electronics Consumer Show in 2022. at the same year it was shown at the Paris Motor Show in 2022. the SUV has advanced technology and is known for being one of the most advanced electric subcompact Crossover SUVs it has two versions:the Eco version has a electric motor with 130 kW (170 hp) and a range of 399 km (248 mi) while the Plus version has a electric motor with 150 kW (200 hp) and a range of 381 km (237 mi).

## Markets

The VinFast VF 6 was first launched in Vietnam later it was launched in Europe in November 2024. and India in 2025. also in 2025 the SUV is expected to be launched in The United States.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: VinFast VF 6
- **image**: VinFast VF 6 – f 18112022.jpg
- **manufacturer**: VinFast
- **production**: 2024-present
- **assembly**: Cát Hải District, Cát Hải, Vietnam (VinFast Trading and Production LLC, Hai Phong Plant)
- **designer**: Pininfarina and Torino Design
- **class**: Subcompact car (B-segment, B)
- **body style**: 5-door Crossover (automobile), crossover SUV
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, Front motor, front-wheel-drive
- **battery**: 59.6 kWh
- **range**: (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure, WLTP)
VinFast VF 7

The **VinFast VF 7** is a electric compact Crossover SUV made by VinFast since 2024.

## History and Features

The VinFast VF 7 was first shown at the Electronics Consumer Show in 2022 alongside the VinFast VF 5 and the VinFast VF 6. the pre-orders started in December 2022 in Vietnam. with deliveries to Vietnamese customers in March 2024. it was designed by Lee Jae Hoon which is a senior exterior designer for General Motors. it has two versions:the Eco FWD has a electric motor with 150 kW (201 hp) and a range of 450 km (280 mi) while the Plus AWD has a electric motor with 260 kW (349 hp) and a range of 431 km (268 mi).

## Markets

The VinFast VF 7 is sold mainly in The Vietnamese market but also in Philipines, Europe, and the United States.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: VinFast VF 7
- **image**: Vinfast VF7 at NYIAS 2022, front right.jpg
- **manufacturer**: VinFast
- **production**: Since 2024
- **designer**: Lee Jae Hoon
- **class**: Compact crossover SUV (C-segment, C)
- **body style**: 5-door Sport utility vehicle, SUV
- **motor**: single or dual Permanent magnet Motor(s)
- **battery**: 75.3 kWh Lithium-ion battery, lithium ion (EV)
- **sp**: us
VinFast VF 8

The **VinFast VF8** formely **VinFast VF e35** and **VinFast VF32** is a electric mid-size Crossover SUV made by VinFast since 2022.

## History and Features

The VinFast VF8 was debuted for the first time in January 2022. with first deliveries ocurring in same month in Vietnam then in September the first units were delivered to 100 Vietnamese customers. in the United States VinFast opened six dealerships in California showing both the VF8 and the VinFast VF 9 with deliveries in fall 2022.

While later a assemble plant in Chatham County in North Carolina broke ground in 2023 with the production of the VF 7 VF8 and VF9 planned in 2025. the SUV has two versions:the Eco AWD has a electric motor with 260 kW (348 hp) and a range of 424 km (264 mi) while the Plus AWD has a electric motor with a 300 kW (402 hp) and a range of 391 km (243 mi).

## Markets

The VinFast VF8 is currently sold in Vietnam the United States and Canada in the US the car was very criticized by the press with many car journalists and car critics gaving the SUV negative and poor reviews.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: VinFast VF8
- **image**: VinFast VF 8 IAA 2023 1X7A0681.jpg
- **manufacturer**: VinFast
- **production**: 2022–present
- **model years**: 2023–present
- **designer**: Pininfarina
- **class**: Mid-size crossover SUV (D-segment, D)
- **body style**: 5-door Sport utility vehicle, SUV
- **motor**: Permanent magnet motor, Permanent magnet
- **sp**: us
- **battery**: 82 or
Kyaw Soe Oo

**Kyaw Soe Oo** (; ; born in Myanmar) is a Burmese journalist who works for People Media and reports on politics, human rights, and the military in Myanmar, gaining recognition for his investigative reporting on important national issues, including government policies, military actions, and social movements, and contributing to public awareness through his coverage of significant events such as protests, armed conflicts, and human rights violations, often facing challenges due to media restrictions and political pressures in the country.

## Early life and education

Kyaw Soe Oo was born in Myanmar. There is little public information about his early life and education. However, he developed an interest in journalism and current events at an early age. He is believed to have studied communications and political science, which helped him start his career in media.

## Career

Kyaw Soe Oo started working as a journalist in the late 2000s. He first worked for local media outlets before joining People Media. Over time, he became a leading reporter, covering important topics such as government policies, military actions, and human rights issues. His work has been important in providing information during political crises in Myanmar.

## Reporting and investigations

Kyaw Soe Oo has covered major events in Myanmar’s recent history. During the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, he reported on the military's actions and the public protests that followed. He has also documented the experiences of ethnic minorities and civilians affected by conflict. His reports have been cited by international media, helping to share news about Myanmar with the world.

## Awards and recognition

Due to his dedication to independent journalism, Kyaw Soe Oo has received recognition from both local and international press organizations. Groups such as the Committee to Protect Journalists and Reporters Without Borders have acknowledged his contributions and the challenges journalists face in Myanmar.

## Challenges

Being a journalist in Myanmar is difficult due to censorship, restrictions, and threats from authorities. Despite these risks, Kyaw Soe Oo continues to report on important issues, helping to keep both local and international audiences informed about the situation in Myanmar.

## Personal life

Kyaw Soe Oo keeps his personal life private. Most of the available information about him focuses on his journalism work and his efforts to report news under difficult conditions.

## Website

- People Media's official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kyaw Soe Oo
- **native name**: ကျော်စိုးဦး
- **birth place**: Myanmar (Burma)
- **citizenship**: Burmese
- **occupation**: Journalist, Media personality
- **years active**: 2000s–present
- **employer**: People Media
- **known for**: Investigative reporting on Myanmar’s political crisis, human rights issues, and military affairs
- **website**: [https://www.peoplemediamyanmar.com/ People Media's website]
VinFast VF 9

The **VinFast VF 9** is a electric full-size Crossover SUV made by VinFast since 2022.

## History and Features

The VinFast VF 9 debuted for the first time in January 2021, being shown alongside the VinFast VF 6 and the VinFast VF 8, with the VF 9 being the largest of the range of electrics crossovers that is the first from this type from VinFast. The VF 9 was then presented in Vietnam in September 2021, with deliveries of the first units starting in 2022. it has two electric motors with 300 kW (402 hp) and a range of 482 km 300 mi).

## Markets

The VinFast VF 9 was first launched in the Vietnamese market and is also sold in United States, Canada, Europe, Australia and Philipines.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: VinFast VF 9
- **image**: Vinfast VF9 at NYIAS 2022, front right.jpg
- **manufacturer**: VinFast
- **aka**: VinFast VF33
VinFast VF e36
- **production**: 2022–present
- **model years**: 2023–present
- **designer**: Pininfarina
- **class**: Executive car, Full-size crossover SUV
- **body style**: 5-door Sport utility vehicle, SUV
- **layout**: Dual-motors, Four-wheel-drive, all-wheel drive
- **motor**: 2x Permanent Magnet motors
- **sp**: us
- **battery**: 92 or 123 kWh (usable capacity)
Mannophryne

***Mannophryne*** is a group of frogs that live in Venezuela and in Trinidad and Tobago. People call them **fingered poison frogs** in English. Scientists made this group in 1992. Before that, they had put the frogs in the same group as _Colostethus trinitatis_. All species have a dark throat collar.

## Species

_Mannophryne_ has 20 species of frog in it, many of which used to be in the genus _Colostethus_:
Allobates olfersioides

The **Alagoas rocket frog**, **Guanabara rocket frog**, **Linhares rocket frog**, or **Rio rocket frog** (_Allobates olfersioides_) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Body

The adult frog is 11.5 - 18.8 mm long from nose to rear end. The skin of the frog's belly is cream-white in color. There is a dark stripe from the nose or eyes to where the back legs meet the body. The back legs are brown in color with darker stripes. The skin of the frog's back is brown in color, the same as the legs, with darker marks in the shape of the letter X.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day and lives on the ground in rainforests that have never been cut down and rainforests that were destroyed and are growing back. They live on the dead leaves on the ground near streams. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 1000 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen this frog in many protected parks, for example Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina.

## Young

The female frog lays her eggs on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the adult frog carries the tadpoles to puddles of water. People have seen male frogs carry tadpoles.

The tadpoles can be  23.3 mm long with the tail and 7.8 mm long not counting the tail.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in not danger of dying out. People change the places where the frog lives to make farms, to make tree farms, to make places for animals to eat grass, to get wood to build with, and to make roads.

Scientists do not think habitat loss is the only reason there are fewer of these frogs than there were. In the 1970s and 1980s, many of the frogs died. Scientists found the fungus _Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis_ on some frogs near Rio de Janiero. _B dendrobatidis_ causes the disease chytridiomycosis, which can kill frogs. Scientists are not sure if chytridiomycosis killed these frogs.

The frogs that live in Bahia live near a bromeliad plant called _Hohenbergia littoralis_. This plant is in danger of dying out because people come into the forest to take them away. If the plant dies, the frog could die too.
Drackenstein

**Drackenstein** is a municipality in Göppingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Drackenstein COA.svg
- **image plan**: Drackenstein in GP.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Stuttgart
- **district**: Göppingen
- **elevation**: 729
- **area**: 5.69
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08117016
- **postal code**: 73345
- **area code**: 07335
- **licence**: GP
- **mayor**: Roland Lang
- **leader term**: 2019–27
Dürnau, Göppingen

**Dürnau** is a municipality in Göppingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Dürnau
- **image coa**: DEU Dürnau (Göppingen) COA.svg
- **image photo**: Duernau-von-oben.jpg
- **image caption**: Panorama of Dürnau
- **image plan**: Dürnau in GP.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Stuttgart
- **district**: Göppingen
- **elevation**: 543
- **area**: 5.37
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08117017
- **postal code**: 73105
- **area code**: 07164
- **licence**: GP
- **website**: [http://www.duernau.de/ www.duernau.de]
- **mayor**: Markus Wagner
- **leader term**: 2016–24
Dürnau

**Dürnau** is the name of two municipalities in Baden-Württemberg, Germany:
- Dürnau, Biberach
- Dürnau, Göppingen
Dark wave

**Darkwave** is a post punk genre, that usually incorporates many gothic synth elements. While it is similar to post-punk and gothic rock, the genre differentiates itself from the two because of how it incorporates synth. In almost every dark wave band, synth plays the chords, and may also even play melody or bass. The genre began in the late seventies and early eighties, and it has seen a resurgence in recent years. Prominent acts include Depeche Mode, early New Order, Clan of Xymox, Lycia, The Frozen Autumn, Pink Turns Blue, Escape with Romeo, Cocteau Twins (Ethereal Subgenre), and early guitar driven Dead can Dance (Ethereal Subgenre).
Synestia

A **Synestia** is a hypothetical bunch of vaporized rock in shape of a donut spinning around. According to studies, A synestia was an early process for the formation of the Earth and Moon in the giant-impact hypothesis. In that model, a synestia formed following a collision with an object of high speed and energy. The synestia's surface temperatures are contained by the boiling point of rock, around 2,300 Kelvin.

As the synestia cooled by radiating heat to space, lava droplets formed in its outer layers and then rained inward over a period of tens of years, causing the synestia to collapse.  Mass remaining outside the roche limit of the inner region accreted to form small objects, and then combined to form the Moon. The Earth re-formed later, once the synestia had cooled enough to fall within the co-rotational limit. By this theory, the Moon having formed within a cloud of gas and rock that originated from the Earth is why its materials are similar to those of the Earth. The later formation of the Earth (after the synestia cooled) is because it has accreted more elements with low boiling points than the Moon.

The term was made in 2017 by Sarah T. Stewart-Mukhopadhyay, taken from Hestia, goddess of the hearth, combined with _syn-_ meaning together.

## Composition

A synestia is composed of three areas: The inner area called the corotating region, a middle area called the transition region, and the area farthest out**,** known as the disk-like region. The corotating region rotates as a solid body. It is by hot vapor and high entropy levels, as well as higher relative speeds.

The "transition region" changes between the corotating region and ring-like region. in most simulations, the angular velocity and temperature follow a smooth gradient, both decreasing with radius. The temperature gradient is created by the mixture of hot vapor from the inner regions with colder condensed material from farther out. in this turns equally into a vapor. This turns into the disk-like region which its color can be different with different conditions for angular momentum, mass, and entropy.
VinBus

**VinBus Ecology Transport Services LLC** is a Vietnamese privately operated non-profit bus route network service founded in 2019.

## History and Networks

VinBus was founded in 2019 by Vingroup, a Vietnamese Conglomerate. the transit service started in March 2020, it has bus networks in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Haiphong and Phú Quốc City.

In 2019, Vinbus announced VinFast was going to make 3.000 electric buses.

## The VinBus Electric Bus

In 2021, VinFast make an eletric bus called the VinBus Electric Bus. It has a low-floor.

It has a 281 kWh battery with a range of 260 km (160 miles), the bus uses fast-charging stations and it can charge in 2 hours. the bus's batteries are provided by a joint venture between VinFast and LG Chiem and the other components are made by Siemens.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: VinBus Ecology Transport Services LLC
- **logo**: VinBus logo.png
- **logo size**: 100px
- **image**: File:Newone - VinBus Depot VOP 02.jpg
- **image caption**: VinBus headquarters and depot at Vinhomes Ocean Park development
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **area served**: Vietnam
- **parent**: Vingroup
Delhivery

**Delhivery** is an Indian logistics and supply chain company, based in Gurgaon. It was founded in 2011 by Sahil Barua, Mohit Tandon, Bhavesh Manglani, Suraj Saharan, and Kapil Bharati. The company has over 85 fulfillment centres, 29 automated sort centres, 160 hubs, 7,500+ partner centres, and 3,500+ direct delivery centres, as of 2021. The company mainly provides delivery services to e-commerce businesses, which accounts for about two-thirds of its revenue.

## Awards

- ET Startup of the Year Award 2019
- Mahindra Transport Excellence Award 2018
- Young Turk Start-up of the Year 2016

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Delhivery Limited
- **logo**: Delhivery Logo (2019).png
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **industry**: Logistics
- **isin**: INE148O01028
- **founded**: in Delhi
- **hq location city**: Gurgaon, Haryana
- **hq location country**: India
- **area served**: India
- **services**: Delivery (commerce), Delivery, express mail, third-party logistics, supply chain management, truckload shipping, Less-than-truckload shipping, partial truckload shipping, freight forwarding
- **num employees**: 63,713
- **num employees year**: 2024
- **revenue**: (FY24)
- **operating income**: (FY24)
- **net income**: (FY24)
Brtnice

**Brtnice** () is a town in Jihlava District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 3,900 people live there.

## Twin towns

Brtnice is twinned with:
- Orpund, Switzerland

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Brtnice
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Brtnice view from castle gardens in Brtnice, Jihlava District.jpg
- **image caption**: View from the castle park towards Brtnice
- **image flag**: Brtnice vlajka.jpg
- **image shield**: Brtnice znak.gif
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of the Czech Republic, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Vysočina Region, Vysočina
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of the Czech Republic, District
- **subdivision name2**: Jihlava District, Jihlava
- **pushpin map**: Czech Republic
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the Czech Republic
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jan Přibyl
- **established title**: First mentioned
- **established date**: 1234
- **area total km2**: 74.13
- **elevation m**: 515
- **population as of**: 2024-01-01
- **population total**: 3897
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 588 32
Žirovnice

**Žirovnice** () is a town in Pelhřimov District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 3,300 people live there.

## Twin towns

Žirovnice is twinned with:
- Grosshöchstetten, Switzerland
- Trstená, Slovakia

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Žirovnice
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Žirovnice náměstí kostel sv. Filipa a Jakuba.jpg
- **image caption**: Centre of Žirovnice
- **image flag**: Žirovnice flag.gif
- **image shield**: Žirovnice - znak.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of the Czech Republic, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Vysočina Region, Vysočina
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of the Czech Republic, District
- **subdivision name2**: Pelhřimov District, Pelhřimov
- **pushpin map**: Czech Republic
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the Czech Republic
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Radek Vopravil
- **established title**: First mentioned
- **established date**: 1358
- **area total km2**: 44.42
- **elevation m**: 565
- **population as of**: 2024-01-01
- **population total**: 3285
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 394 68
Pelhřimov

**Pelhřimov** () is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It is the capital of Pelhřimov District. About 16,000 people live there.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Official tourist website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Pelhřimov
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Pelhřimov (053).jpg
- **image caption**: Masaryk Square
- **image flag**: Flag of Pelhrimov.jpg
- **image shield**: Pelhrimov.gif
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of the Czech Republic, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Vysočina Region, Vysočina
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of the Czech Republic, District
- **subdivision name2**: Pelhřimov District, Pelhřimov
- **pushpin map**: Czech Republic
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the Czech Republic
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Ladislav Med
- **established title**: First mentioned
- **established date**: 1289
- **area total km2**: 95.28
- **elevation m**: 494
- **population as of**: 2024-01-01
- **population total**: 16420
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 393 01
Golčův Jeníkov

**Golčův Jeníkov** () is a town in Havlíčkův Brod District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 2,800 people live there.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Golčův Jeníkov
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: GolčůvJeníkov-radnice.JPG
- **image caption**: The town hall in Golčův Jeníkov
- **image shield**: Golcuv jenikov-znak.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of the Czech Republic, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Vysočina Region, Vysočina
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of the Czech Republic, District
- **subdivision name2**: Havlíčkův Brod District, Havlíčkův Brod
- **pushpin map**: Czech Republic
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the Czech Republic
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jiří Brož
- **established title**: First mentioned
- **established date**: 1150
- **area total km2**: 27.49
- **elevation m**: 376
- **population as of**: 2024-01-01
- **population total**: 2787
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 582 82
Wright Pulsar Gemini

The **Wright Pulsar Gemini** is a double-decker body of a bus. It has a low-floor. It was made from 2003 to 2006 by Wrightbus.

The Pulsar Gemini body was built on the VDL DB250LF chassis.

189 Wright Pulsar Geminis were made.

In 2007, the Pulsar Gemini was replaced with the Wright Gemini 2.

## Operators

From 2003 to 2006, Arriva UK Bus ordered Pulsar Geminis for its bus companies:

- Arriva London ordered 134 Pulsar Geminis
- Arriva Kent Thameside ordered 7 Pulsar Geminis
- Arriva The Shires ordered 11 Pulsar Geminis
- Arriva Midlands ordered 32 Pulsar Geminis

In 2005, Konectbus ordered 5 Pulsar Geminis

## Pulsar Gemini HEV

From 2006 to 2007, Wrightbus made a hybrid-electric a double-decker body of a bus called the Wright Pulsar Gemini HEV (HEV means Hybrid-Electric Vehicle).

The Wright Pulsar Gemini HEV body was built on the VDL DB250 chassis.

Only three Pulsar Gemini HEVs were built which are listed below.

In 2007, the Pulsar Gemini HEV was replaced with the Wright Gemini 2 HEV.

#### Production bus 1

In October 2006, The first Wright Pulsar Gemini HEV was announced by Mayor of London Ken Livingstone.

In March 2007, It was shown at the Euro Bus Expo at the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham.

In March 2007, It was sent to Arriva London for trials on route 141.

In 2008, It was sent to East Thames Buses' Mandela Way garage for six months for use on route 1.

From August 2010 to February 2012, It was sent to First Somerset & Avon for use in Bath.

#### Production bus 2

From 2008 to 2012, The second Pulsar Gemini HEV was used by Dublin Bus of Ireland.

In 2012, It was sent to Ensignbus, On 9 June 2012, It had caught fire because of an electrical fault.

#### Production bus 3

From 2009 to 2012, The third and final Pulsar Gemini HEV was sent to London General for use on services in London.

From 2017 to 2019, It was sent to Magtec Buses of Rotherham for tests and trials.

## Other websites

- Wrightbus product description for Pulsar Gemini HEV

## Infobox (uk bus)

- **name**: Wright Pulsar Gemini
- **image**: Arriva London South - DW69 - LJ04LDU.JPG
- **caption**: An Arriva London Wright Pulsar Gemini in Brixton, December 2013
- **manufacturer**: Wrightbus
- **production**: 2003–2006
- **assembly**: Ballymena, Northern Ireland
- **capacity**: 56–70 seated
- **floortype**: Low-floor bus, Low-entry
- **doors**: 1 or 2
- **chassis**: VDL DB250LF
- **related**: Wright Pulsar
- **engine**: DAF ATi RS 8.6 litre
DAF Paccar PS 9.2 litre
Ford Duratorq engine, Ford Puma 2.4l I4 diesel (HEV)
- **transmission**: Voith DIWA
ZF Ecomat
- **successor**: Wright Gemini 2
Carigara Bay

**Carigara Bay** (; ), is a large bay in the northern part of Leyte in the Philippines. The bay is bounded by Leyte to its western, southern and eastern parts.

## Infobox (body of water)

- **name**: Carigara Bay
- **image**: Carigara_Bay_(facing_Samar_Sea).jpg
- **caption**: _Carigara Bay as viewed from Carigara, Leyte_
- **location**: Leyte, Eastern Visayas, Philippines
- **type**: Bay
- **etymology**: named after Carigara
- **part of**: _Samar Sea_
- **salinity**: Saltwater
- **pushpin map**: Philippines
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Carigara Bay in the Philippines
Para (Special Forces)

10 para sf is a regiment coming under the parachute regiment, also known as DESERT       SCORPIONS, specially train for desert warfare below the Punjab border till Gujrāt.

Among the world's oldest airborne troops are the Indian Army's parachute units. On October 27, 1941, the British 151st Parachute Battalion, the British Indian Army 152nd Indian Parachute Battalion, and the 153rd Gurkha Parachute Battalion were combined to form the 50th Indian Parachute Brigade. In 1952, these and a few other battalions were combined to become the Parachute Regiment. The Parachute Regiment was created by separating the three battalions that were part of the Parachute Brigade from their respective Infantry Regiments. Since then, the Parachute Regiment has expanded to include Parachute (Special Forces) battalions, totaling ten battalions.
Wright Pulsar

The **Wright Pulsar** was a single-decker body of a bus. It had a low-floor. It was made from 2006 to 2014 by Wrightbus.

The Wright Pulsar body was built on the VDL SB200 chassis.

A double-decker model of the Pulsar was made and was called the Pulsar Gemini.

## First generation (2006–2013)

From 2006 to 2013, Wrightbus made a body of a bus called the Pulsar 1. It had a low-floor.

It was launched at the 2006 Euro Bus Expo.

The Pulsar 1 body was built on the VDL SB200 chassis.

### Operators

From 2006 to 2013, Arriva ordered 106 VDL SB200 Pulsars.

From 2010 to 2013, First London ordered 8 hydrogen-powered VDL SB200 Pulsars for use on route RV1. The hydrogen fuel pods were fitted to the roof of the buses.

## Second generation (2009–2014)

From 2009 to 2014, Wrightbus made a body of a bus called the Pulsar 2. It had a low-floor.

The Pulsar 2 body was built on the VDL SB200 chassis.

### Operators

In 2009, Arriva ordered 462 VDL SB200 Pulsars.

In April 2014, Claribels Coaches of Birmingham ordered 2 VDL SB200 Pulsars.

## Infobox (bus)

- **name**: Wright Pulsar
- **image**: ArrivaWrightPulsar.png
- **caption**: Arriva North West VDL SB200 with Wright Pulsar bodywork in Bolton in May 2013
- **manufacturer**: Wrightbus
- **production**: 2006 - 2014
- **assembly**: Ballymena, Northern Ireland
- **length**: 11.90 metres
- **width**: 2.50 metres
- **height**: 3.00 metres
- **floortype**: Low-floor bus, Low floor
Low-entry bus, Low entry
- **doors**: 1 or 2
- **chassis**: VDL SB200
- **related**: Wright Pulsar Gemini
- **engine**: Cummins B Series engine, Cummins ISBe
Hydrogen fuel cell
- **predecessor**: Wright Commander
Augustus III of Poland

**Frederick Augustus II** (17 October 1696 — 5 October 1763) was the only legitimate son of Augustus II the Strong of Poland. He was adapted to Catholicism in 1712. In 1719 he married Maria Josepha of Austria, a daughter of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor and sister of Maria Amalia, Consort of Bavaria and became the Elector of Saxony in 1733 following his father's death. He gained support of Joseph's brother Charles VI by agreeing the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and also gained recognition from Russian Empress Anna by supporting Russia's claim to the region of Courland.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Frederick Augustus II, Elector of Saxony
- **image**: File:Portrait of King Augustus III of Poland.jpg
- **succession**: List of rulers of Saxony, Elector of Saxony
- **reign**: 1 February 1733-5 October 1763
- **predecessor**: Frederick Augustus the Strong
- **successor**: Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony, Frederick Christian
- **birth place**: Dresden, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire
- **death place**: Dresden, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire
- **issue**: Frederick August of Saxony
Joseph August of Saxony
Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony
Maria Amalia of Saxony, Maria Amalia, Queen of Spain
Maria Margaretha of Saxony
Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony
Prince Francis Xavier of Saxony, Francis Xavier of Saxony
Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France, Maria, Dauphine of France
Charles, Duke of Courland
Princess Maria Christina of Saxony (1735–1782), Maria Christina of Saxony
Maria Elisabeth of Saxony (1736–1818), Maria Elisabeth of Saxony
Albert Casimir, Duke of Teschen
Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony
Maria Kunigunde of Saxony
- **issue-link**: #Issue
- **issue-pipe**: Detail, …among others
- **house**: House of Wettin, Wettin
- **father**: Frederick Augustus I
- **mother**: Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
- **signature**:
- **religion**: Lutheran (1696-1712)
Catholic (1712-1763)
A Twist in My Story

***A Twist in My Story*** is the second studio album by Secondhand Serenade. The album was released on February 19, 2008.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: A Twist in My Story
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Secondhand Serenade
- **released**: February 19, 2008
- **recorded**: 2007
- **genre**: Emo, alternative rock, Acoustic music, acoustic rock, Emo, emo pop
- **length**: 44:20
- **label**: Glassnote
- **prev title**: Awake (album), Awake
- **prev year**: 2005
- **next title**: Hear Me Now
- **next year**: 2010
Supplementary unit

The **supplementary unit** was an old classification used by the International System of Units. It was created in 1960 by the General Conference on Weights and Measures. It was used to describe units that were neither base units nor derived units. Only two units were ever called supplementary units: the radian and steradian.

In 1995, the supplementary unit classification was eliminated. The radian and steradian were re-classified as derived units.
Bambhaniya Koli

The **Bambhaniya Koli** (also spelled as **Bambhania Koli**) is a clan (Gotra, Kutumb) of the Koli caste mostly found in the Indian state of Gujarat and Union Territory of Daman and Diu and nearby areas.

## Infobox (tribe)

- **name**: Bambhaniya Koli
- **local name**: બાંભણીયા કોલી
- **type**: Clan (Gotra) of Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli caste
- **location**: *Gujarat
*Daman and Diu
- **varna**: Agriculturist
- **parent tribe**: Kolis of Gujarat
- **demonym**: Koli caste, Koli
- **branches**: Bambhania Koli
- **language**: *Koli language, Koli
*Gujarati language, Gujarati
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **religion**: Hinduism
- **surnames**: *Koli clans and titles#Titles (Upadhi)
Son Kolis of Maharashtra

The **Son Koli**, or **Sona Koli** is a subcaste of the Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The Son Kolis are the original residents of what is now Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra. They practice both Hinduism and Christianity because Son Kolis were converted to Christianity during the Portuguese rule in India and worship Our Lady of Mount and Hindu deities. Historically, the Son Kolis have been fisherman by profession.

All of the islands around Mumbai are inhabited by Son Kolis.

## Military

The Son Kolis were villein for Portuguese but later they were enlisted as mariners and maintained the Portuguese Navy. The British Bombay Navy in the early 18th century was largely manned by Son Kolis of Mumbai. Not only this, the Maratha Navy of Kanhoji Angre (who was also a Son Koli) was served by Son  Kolis. During wartime, the Son Kolis used their own galivats to fight, so the Portuguese king built two expensive warships for the Son Kolis.

## Titles

- Patil, A hereditary title held by the chief of the Son Kolis, who maintains law and order in the community.

## Classification

The Son Kolis are classified as Special Backward Class by the Government of Maharashtra.

## Notable people

- Kanhoji Angre, grand admiral of Maratha Navy and founder of the Colaba State and Angre dynasty
- Laya Patil, fleet chief in Maratha navy of Shivaji under Kanhoji Angre

## Other websites

- Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary by S. Devadas Pillai
- THE UNTOUCHABLES, Volume 1 by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

## Infobox (caste)

- **caste name**: Son Koli
- **ethnicity**: List of Koli people, Koli
- **other kingdom**: Janjira State
- **original kingdom**: Colaba State, Kolaba
- **employment reservation**: Yes
- **other reservation**: Yes
- **education reservation**: Yes
- **notable members**: Kanhoji Angre, Laya Patil, Ram Patil
- **feudal title**: Patil (title), Patil, Sarpatil, Gaonpatil
- **region**: Mumbai
- **caste name in local**: Sona Koli
- **state**: Maharashtra
- **country**: India
- **languages**: Marathi language, Marathi, Konkani language, Konkani, Kachi Koli language, Kachi Koli, Parkari Koli language, Parkari Koli, Wadiyara Koli language, Wadiyara Koli
- **religions**: Hinduism, Hindu, Christian
- **classification**: Other Backward Class, Special Backward Class
- **abbreviation**: SK
- **native name**: सोन कोली
- **subdivisions**: Koli Christians