juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Magnolia Hall (Alabama)

**Magnolia Hall** is a plantation house at the corner of Otts and Tutwiler streets in Greensboro, Alabama. It is also known as the **McCrary-Otts House**. It is a historic Greek Revival mansion.  It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing property to the Greensboro Historic District. It was recorded by the Historic American Buildings Survey in March 1936.

## History

Greensboro became prosperous as part of the cotton boom of the mid-19th century. In 1850, William Murphy, a lawyer and legislator, sold a prime lot to David F. McCrary, a prominent cotton broker and planter. McCrary had originally come from North Carolina. He married Elizabeth Cowan Lowry, daughter of a prominent Alabama family. McCrary had Murphy’s house removed. He hired the architect B. F. Parsons to design a new mansion. The house was completed in about 1855. The _Alabama Beacon_ reported that the house cost $10,000. It was a very large sum at the time.

McCrary’s finances survived the American Civil War. He opened the Greensboro Bank and Exchange in 1871. His only living child and her husband inherited the property when MCCrary died in 1888. Their son and his wife  bought the house from siblings in the 1920s. It stayed in the family until 1970. It was sold to Mr. and Mrs. M. D. Baines. The house was sold again in 2011.

## Architecture

A detailed, twelve-page building contract for Magnolia Hall still exists. It calls for porticos, north and south, each with six fluted columns, of the "Grecian Ionic Order ... the Entablature and Mouldings all to harmonize with it ... and proportioned after the order." There are double balconies of delicate iron grill work. There are colored glass transoms around the doors. Inside are large four over four rooms, 14 foot ceilings, chandelier medallions, and a grand mahogany-railed staircase in the hallway. W. E. Yerby in his _History of Greensboro_ wrote that Magnolia Hall "is indisputably one of the finest antebellum mansions in Alabama ... [and] a perfect example of late Greek Revival architecture."
Kipper the Dog

"**Kipper the Dog**" is the name of a character from a series of books for preschool age children by a British writer, Mick Inkpen. The books consist of 34 titles (as of July 2005), which have sold over 8 million copies and have been translated into over 20 languages. The books have also won many awards.

"Kipper the Dog" is also the name of a British animated television series based on the book series that is also known as simply Kipper. In some cases, the episodes are specifically based on particular stories by Mick Inkpen. The videos have won awards including a BAFTA award for best children's animation. The show was broadcast from 1997 to 2000 on CITV and Nick Jr.. It currently airs on Sprout from 2005 to 2015. It took a break for a while from CITV until it was repeat on Christmas Eve 2003 showing the 'Christmas Eve' episode and repeated for most of 2004. Kipper has not been on CITV since then.

The show was released on VHS and DVD by HIT Entertainment, but the episodes were not in order.
Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park

**Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park** is a national park of Australia. It is in the Northern Territory,  south-west of Alice Springs. The park surrounds the two huge rock formations after which it is named: Uluṟu (Ayers Rock) and Kata Tjuṯa (The Olgas).

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **child**: yes
- **id**: 447
- **year**: 1987
- **extension**: 1994
- **criteria**: Cultural: v, vi; Natural: vii, viii


## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: protected
- **name**: Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park
- **state**: nt
- **iucn category**: II
- **image**: UluruClip3ArtC1941.jpg
- **caption**: Uluru (close) and Kata Tjuta (far)
- **relief**: yes
- **nearest town or city**: Yulara, Northern Territory, Yulara
- **area**: 1333.72
- **url**: http://www.deh.gov.au/parks/uluru/ Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park
George Willis

**George Willis**, MD JP (1828-1898) was a British medical doctor and politician.

## Early life

Willis was born in County Cavan, Ireland.  He earned his medical degree at the University of Glasgow in 1850.

He was the elder brother of Dr. William Willis who taught medicine at the University of Tokyo and founded the medical school at the University of Kagoshima.

## Career

He was one of the founders of the Monmouth Hospital and Dispensary at Monmouth in Wales.

He was three times elected mayor of Monmouth.
Death row

**Death row** is a place where people convicted of bad things go to be executed using different methods. Some are lethal injection or a gas chamber, or even an electric chair. Death row is often known as capital punishment because many years ago, people who were convicted of really bad things such as killing were executed by being hanged, drawn and quartered, firing squad, gas chamber, guillotine, or shooting.

### Gas chamber

Gas chamber is a tool used to kill somebody by breathing in the gas and choking to death.

### Guillotine

Guillotine is a tool that was used long before other tools were created. It is an object designed to cut off the head of a person by dropping a cutting tool that is controlled by a pulling object.

### Firing squad

Firing squad is a killing method used in the early 1900s, including World War II. The method is used when army officers shoot a person to death.

### Electric chair

The electric chair is a tool that is still used now. It is a chair with electricity flowing through it designed to shock a person and kill them in minutes.

### Lethal injection

Lethal injection is a killing method that is also used to this day. It is made to inject a person with one or more drugs that will kill them in minutes, or even seconds if the drugs are very bad, or a large dose is given.

## Related pages

- Death penalty
Animation Domination

***Animation Domination*** is a group of television shows that is shown on Fox. It began on September 11, 2005 and airs on Sunday nights. In Canada, it is known as _Animation Rules_. It airs from 7 to 10 PM when _The OT_ is not on, when _The OT_ is airing, _Animation Domination_ is broadcast from 8 to 10 PM, unless the NFL game runs for longer, which might cause the block not to air until the following week.

## History

Animation Domination started on May 1, 2005 with back-to-back episodes of _The Simpsons_, _Family Guy_ then _American Dad!_ (created with the block).

### Current schedule

- Shows in **bold** are currently airing new episodes.
|style="width:11.5%;"|Season|style="width:11.5%;"|8:00 PM|style="width:11.5%;"|8:30 PM|style="width:11.5%;"|9:00 PM|style="width:11.5%;"|9:30 PM|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|_The Simpsons_|_Universal Basic Guys_|_Bob's Burgers_|_Family Guy_|||||||

### Current shows

- _The Simpsons_ (2005–present)
- _Family Guy_ (2005–present)
- _American Dad!_ (2005–present) (Moving back to Fox in late 2026)
- _Universal Basic Guys_ (2024-present)
- _Bob's Burgers_ (2011–present)
- _Duncanville_ (2020-present)
- _The Great North_ (2021-present)
- _HouseBroken_ (2021-present)
- _Archer_ (2009-present) (Moving to FX then FXX in late 2009)

### Past shows

- _King of the Hill_ (2005–2009, final 4 episodes aired in syndication in 2010)
- _Futurama_ (2005-2008) (Moving to Comedy Central then Hulu in late 2008)
- _Sit Down, Shut Up_ (2009)
- _The Cleveland Show_ (2009-2013)
- _Allen Gregory_ (2011)
- _Napoleon Dynamite_ (2012)
- _Brickleberry_ (2012-2015) (Moving to Comedy Central in late 2012)
- _Bordertown_ (2016)

## International versions

It airs in Australia on Fox8, and on other Fox channels in Italy, Portugal and Spain, putting it in their own languages.

## Saturday nights

Fox announced plans to air a late Saturday night block of adult animation (11pm-12:30am ET/PT), which would compete with _Saturday Night Live_ on NBC and replace reruns of their programming. It is by Nick Weidenfeld, who used to be at Adult Swim. It launched in January 2013.

## Related pages

- Fox Broadcasting Company

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (programming block)

- **name**: Animation Domination
- **channel**: Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox
- **country**: United States
- **format**: Adult animation
Comedy
Sitcom
- **premiered**: **Original run:**
**Second run:**
- **closed**: **Original run:**
- **caption**: Logo featuring all of the current shows of Animation Domination
- **website**: https://www.fox.com/animation-domination/
- **type**: Sunday night animation block
William Willis

**William Willis** (1837–1894) was a British medical doctor and professor at the University of Tokyo.

## Early life

Willis was born in Ireland in 1837.  He was awarded his medical degree at the University of Edinburgh in 1859.

He was the younger brother of Dr. George Willis of Monmouth in Wales.

## Career

In 1861, Willis became the doctor of the British legation in Edo, Japan in 1861.

In 1869, Willis was named professor and head of the medical school at the Tokyo Imperial University.

In 1870, Willis became head of the hospital at Kagoshima.  He founded the medical school at the University of Kagoshima.

Willis returned to the United Kingdom in 1881.  He practiced in Wales with his brother until 1885.

## Further reading

- Cortzzi, Hugh, (1985). _Dr. Willis in Japan, 1862-1877: British medical pioneer_ London: Athlone Press.
Ernani

***Ernani*** is an Italian opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi, with a libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, based on Victor Hugo's play _Hernani_. It was first performed in Venice, on March 9, 1844.

## Principal roles

- Ernani - tenor
- Elvira - soprano
- Carlo - baritone
- Silva - bass

## Sources

- _The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta_, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
Mirella Freni

**Mirella Freni** (27 February 1935 – 9 February 2020) was an Italian soprano, one of the leading lyric sopranos of her era. She had a beautiful and well-schooled voice and a charming stage presence.

## Life and career

Born Mirella Fregni, in Modena, Italy, she studied at the Bologna Music Conservatory with Ettore Campogalliani. She made her debut in her hometown in 1955, as Micaela in _Carmen_. That same year, she married pianist Leone Magiera, with whom she had a daughter, whom she called Micaela.

After winning the Viotto vocal competition in 1957, she sang with the Netherlands Opera, then was invited at the Glyndebourne Festival, and the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in 1961. She made her debut at La Scala in Milan in 1962. Her New York Metropolitan Opera debut came in 1965, as Mimi in _La bohème_, a role she will remain closely associated with throughout her career. She then sang at most of the great operatic centers ot the world, such as Paris, Chicago, Salzburg, etc.

She began her career by singing soubrette roles, such as Susanna, Zerlina, Adina, Nanetta, etc., and then moved to more lyric roles such as Mimi, Marguerite, Juliet, etc., and eventually more dramatic roles such as Violetta, Amelia, Desdemona, Cio-Cio-San, Tosca, Medea, Wally, Maddalena, Giulia etc., with equal success.

After her divorce from Magiera, she married Bulgarian bass Nicolai Ghiaurov in 1981.

Freni died on 9 February 2020 in Modena after suffering multiple strokes and a degenerative disease, aged 84.

## Sources

- _Le Guide de l'Opéra_, Roland Mancini & Jean-Jacques Rouverox, Fayard, 1986.
- _The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia_, edited by David Hamilton, Simon & Schuster, 1987.

## Sources

- _Le Guide de l'Opéra_, Roland Mancini & Jean-Jacques Rouverox, Fayard, 1986.
- _The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia_, edited by David Hamilton, Simon & Schuster, 1987.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mirella Freni
- **image**: Mirella Freni 1970.jpg
- **caption**: Freni in 1970
- **birth name**: Mirella Fregni
- **birth place**: Modena, Italy
- **death place**: Modena, Italy
- **occupation**: Operatic soprano
Rachel Crow

**Rachel Crow** (born January 21, 1998) is an American singer, actress, and comedienne. She has been on many television programs, including _Brain Surge_, _Inside Edition_, and _The Wendy Williams Show_. In 2012, she was in the comedy series _Fred: The Show_.

## Other websites

- Rachel Crow on X Factor
Rachel McAdams

**Rachel Anne McAdams** (born November 17, 1978) is a Canadian actress. She was nominated for the Orange Rising Star Award in 2006. She is commonly known for her role as Regina George in Mean Girls.

She was born in London, Ontario and grew up in St. Thomas, Ontario.

She had major roles in _The Hot Chick_, _Mean Girls_, _The Notebook_, _Wedding Crashers_, _Red Eye_, _The Family Stone_, _State of Play_, _The Time Traveler's Wife_, _Sherlock Holmes_, _Morning Glory_, _Midnight in Paris_, _The Vow_ _About Time and Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga._

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rachel McAdams
- **image**: Rachel McAdams, 2016 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: McAdams at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con
- **birth name**: Rachel Anne McAdams
- **birth place**: London, Ontario, Canada
- **alma mater**: York University
- **occupation**: Actress
- **partner**: Jamie Linden (writer), Jamie Linden (2016–present)
- **children**: 2
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Rachel McAdams, Full list
- **years active**: 2001–present
Big Momma's House

***Big Momma's House*** is an American crime comedy movie, made in 2000. It was directed by Raja Gosnell. It stars Martin Lawrence as the main character, "Malcolm Turner", and Nia Long as "Sherry Pierce".

The storyline is about an FBI named Malcom Turner going undercover as an elderly woman called Hattie Mae "Big Momma" Pierce (Sherry's grandmother). Sherry decided to stay her grandmother's house while her grandmother is out of town. His job is to protect Sherry after her violent ex-boyfriend is released from prison.

It had two sequels: Big Momma's House 2 (2006) and Big Mommas: Like Father, Like Son (2011).
Washington Irving

**Washington Irving** was an American writer. He was born in New York City on April 3, 1783.  He began his literary career writing humorous newspaper sketches. He edited magazines. He went to Europe on family matters as a young man. He remained there for 17 years. He served as the United States ambassador to Spain from 1842 to 1846. He wrote biographies. He regarded his 5-volume life of George Washington as his masterpiece. He died in his home, Sunnyside, in Tarrytown, New York on November 28, 1859.

Irving and his contemporary James Fenimore Cooper were America's first internationally acclaimed authors. Irving encouraged American authors and supported stronger copyright laws. He is best known today for two short stories: "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow". They have been adapted to the stage, to television, and to animated and live-action movies.

The Chicago community area Irving Park is named after him.

## Selected works

- _A History of New-York_ (1809)
- _The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent._ (1819-20)
- _Bracebridge Hall_ (1822)
- _Tales of a Traveller_ (1824)
- _Tales of the Alhambra_ (1832)
- _The Life of George Washington_ (1855-59)

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Washington Irving
- **image**: Irving-Washington-LOC.jpg
- **caption**: Daguerreotype of Washington Irving
- **birth place**: New York City
- **death place**: Tarrytown, New York
- **occupation**: writer
- **movement**: Romanticism
- **signature**: Washington Irving Signature.svg
Sunnyside (Tarrytown, New York)

**Sunnyside** is a house in Tarrytown, New York. It was once the home of American writer Washington Irving. He wrote many books, but he is best known for the short stories "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle". Irving bought the property on June 7, 1835 for $1,800. He described it to his brother as "a beautiful spot, capable of being made a little paradise ... I have had an architect up there, and shall build upon the old mansion this summer. My idea is to make it a little nookery somewhat in the Dutch style, quaint, but unpretending. It will be of stone." In its day, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. said that Sunnyside stood "next to Mount Vernon, the best known and most cherished of all the dwellings in our land." The public interest in the home drew several gawkers hoping to catch a glimpse of Irving working. Irving died of a heart attack in his bedroom at Sunnyside on November 28, 1859. Irving's descendants lived in the house until 1945. In that year, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. bought it. He opened the house to tourists in 1947. Sunnyside is now a museum. An admission fee is charged. The house contains furniture that once belonged to Irving. Sunnyside became a National Historic Landmark in 1962.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

"**The Legend of Sleepy Hollow**" is a short story by Washington Irving. The story was published in 1820 in a collection of Irving's literary pieces called _The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent._ The story was one of the first fictional works by an American author to become popular outside the United States. Adaptations include Walt Disney's animated movie _The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad_ of 1949 and, more recently, Tim Burton's _Sleepy Hollow_ of 1999 starring Johnny Depp.

## Story

A lanky school teacher named Ichabod Crane arrives in the village of Sleepy Hollow. He is very superstitious. He falls in love with pretty Katrina Van Tassel (and her father's large farm).

Katrina has a suitor though. His name is Brom Bones. Brom is a rowdy and boisterous young man. He does not like Ichabod. He does not like Ichabod hovering about Katrina.

One autumn night after a party at the Van Tassel's, Ichabod sets off for home alone. He thinks he sees the Headless Horseman, a dead soldier of the Revolution whose head was blown off by a cannon ball. His ghost haunts the countryside in search of his head.

He chases Ichabod. Ichabod is terrified and runs away. He is never seen again. Villagers find Ichabod's hat, saddle, and a smashed Jack-o'-lantern. Whenever the story is told, Brom gives a knowing wink. It is implied that he frightened away his rival by posing as the Headless Horseman.

## Other websites

- _The Legend of Sleepy Hollow_  original text with human-read audio.
- "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" from _The Harvard Classics_ (1917), hosted online at Bartleby.com.
- "Sleepy Hollow" , a non-fiction update on the story's locale, written by Washington Irving in 1839.
- Old Dutch Burying Ground of Sleepy Hollow , the churchyard where Ichabod Crane sought sanctuary.
- List of locations related to "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" .
- "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" - Irving's Fictions of Revolution
- .
- (directed by Tim Burton).
- "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" Brickfilm (Lego movie).
- The unabridged "Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (Episode Number 174)  is read in its entirety in Mister Ron's Basement Podcast
- A Librivox Podcast version of "Legend of Sleepy Hollow"  can be found here as well

## Infobox (short story)

- **name**: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
- **image**: Legend of Sleepy Hollow U.S. Stamp.jpg
- **caption**: U.S. postage stamp issued October 12, 1974
- **author**: Washington Irving
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **published in**: _The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent._
- **media type**: Print
- **pub date**: 1820
George Li

**George Li** (Chinese: 黎卓宇, Pinyin: Lí zhuōyǔ), born August 24, 1995 in Boston, Massachusetts, is a Chinese-American pianist.

Li has been performing since he was nine years old, and is known as a recitalist, a chamber musician, and a soloist with orchestra. At the age of eleven, he played at New York's Carnegie Hall. The performance was featured in the new TV series by NPR, _From the Top_.

## Career

Li won first prizes in the Massachusetts Music Teachers Association state competitions at the age of 6 and 7. In 2005, Li won second prizes in both the Virginia Waring International Piano Competition  and the Cincinnati World Piano Competition at the age of nine.

In 2008, Li won the second prize in the Gina Bachauer International Piano Junior Artist Competition. In 2010, Li won the first prize in the Cooper International Piano Competition  Li has also won the first prize in the Young Concert Artists International Auditions.

On June 7, 2011, Li played for Barack Obama and his wife Michelle Obama, and German Chancellor Dr. Angela Merkel and her husband Dr. Joachim Sauer at a state dinner in the White House Rose Garden. On June 23, 2011, Li was one of the two recipients of the 2012 Gilmore Young Artist Award. He is currently the youngest person who got the award.

Li lives in Lexington, Massachusetts. He is a student of Walnut Hill School and the New England Conservatory Preparatory School, where he learns with Wha Kyung Byun. Li's previous piano teachers include Dorothy Shi (杨镜钏) and Yin Chengzong (殷承宗).

## Other websites

- George Li's official website
- George Li on YouTube

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: George Li (黎卓宇)
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: George Li
- **origin**: Massachusetts, United States, USA
- **instrument**: Piano
- **years active**: 2004-present
- **genre**: Classical music, Classical
- **occupation**: Pianist
Yin Chengzong

**Yin Chengzong** (Chinese: 殷承宗, Pinyin: Yīn Chéngzōng) (born 1941 in Gulangyu Island, Xiamen, Fujian, China) is a Chinese pianist and composer. He is famous for composing the Yellow River Piano Concerto he arranged based on the Yellow River Cantata.
Fou Ts'ong

**Fou Ts'ong** (; 10 March 1934 – 28 December 2020) was a Chinese-born British pianist. He was perhaps best known for winning third prize and the Special Mazurka prize at the International Chopin Competition at Warsaw. He was born in Shanghai.

Fou died of COVID-19 on 28 December 2020 in London, aged 86.
Kipper (disambiguation)

**Kipper** may refer to:

- Kipper, salted and smoked fish
- Kippering (The verb, to kipper, kippering, kippered)
- _Kipper the Dog_, an animated children's television series
- kipper (medieval tournament), a speciality in Medieval tournaments
- Kipper (musician), producer, keyboardist, mostly known from cooperation with Sting
- The Kipper Kids, a performing artist duo
- Kipper tie, an unusually wide necktie
- Miikka Kiprusoff, a National Hockey League goaltender
- Kipper and Wipper period, aka Tipper and See-Saw Time, a European financial crisis in the 17th century
- The Flying Kipper, a fictional train from _The Railway Series_
- Raduga K-10S Soviet nuclear tipped supersonic anti-shipping cruise missile, NATO reporting name AS-2 Kipper
- Singular form of kippers, Kid In Parents' Pockets Eroding Retirement Savings (British term for the Boomerang Generation)
- "Mr Kipper", person sought by London police in connection with a possible abduction

## Distinguish this from

- Gipper, as in "Win one for the…"
- Kippah
- Yom Kippur
Philipp Kohlschreiber

**Philipp Eberhard Hermann Kohlschreiber**  (born 16 October 1983 in Augsburg) is a German tennis player. He turned professional in 2001. , his highest ranking has been number 16 in the world.

## Other websites

- Official Website
- ATP-profile
- Kohlschreiber Recent Match Results
- Kohlschreiber World Ranking History
Murray Perahia

**Murray Perahia** KBE (born April 19, 1947) is an American pianist and conductor.

Murray Perahia was born in New York City to a family of Sephardi Jewish origin. According to the biography on his Mozart piano sonatas CD, his first language was Judaeo-Spanish. The family was from Thessaloniki, Greece. His father moved to the United States in 1935.

In 1965, Perahia won the Young Concert Artists International Auditions. In 1972, he was the first North American to win first prize at the Leeds Piano Competition.

## Awards

**Seventh International Schumann Festival**
- 2000 Robert Schumann Society Claudio Arrau Memorial Medal

**Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance**
- 1989 _Bartók: Sonata for Two Pianos & Percussion_

**Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (without orchestra)**
- 2003 _Chopin: Études, Opp. 10, 25_
- 1999 _Bach: English Suites Nos. 1, 3 and 6_
The General Strike

***The General Strike*** is a 2012 album by American punk rock band Anti-Flag. It is their 9th album.

## Track listing

1. "Controlled Opposition" – 0:22
1. "The Neoliberal Anthem" – 3:18
1. "1915" – 2:52
1. "This Is The New Sound" – 2:46
1. "Bullshit Opportunist" – 2:36
1. "The Ranks of The Masses Rising" – 2:29
1. "Turn a Blind Eye" – 1:19
1. "Broken Bones" – 3:01
1. "I Don't Wanna" – 2:27
1. "Nothing Recedes Like Progress" – 2:18
1. "Resist" – 1:02
1. "The Ghosts of Alexandria" – 2:54

### Bonus tracks

- "Wrong Colour" – 2:44 (Bonus on iTunes)
- The band gave away an exclusive five-song download card to everyone who attended any of the band's album release shows from March 6–14, 2012. The download features three tracks from the album and two previously unreleased tracks.
- Unreleased bonus tracks:

1. "SKATE" – 1:18
1. "Whistleblower" – 2:39

## Personnel

- Anti-Flag
- Justin Sane – guitar, vocals
- Chris #2 – bass, vocals
- Chris Head – guitar, vocals
- Pat Thetic – drums

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The General Strike
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Anti-Flag
- **released**: March 20, 2012
- **recorded**: June - December 2011 in Pittsburgh, PA
- **genre**: Punk rock
- **length**: 27:16
- **label**: SideOneDummy Records, SideOneDummy
- **producer**: Anti-Flag
- **prev title**: The People or the Gun
(2009)
- **next title**: 20 Years of Hell
(2013/14)
Études (Chopin)

The **Études** by Polish composer Frédéric Chopin are three sets of études for piano.

## Composition

Chopin's _Études_ (studies) are some of the hardest pieces of all the works in concert piano repertoire. Because of this, the music remain famous and are often played at concerts. Some of them have been given nicknames (but not by Chopin himself) - for example, the last _Étude_ from Op. 10 has been called the _Revolutionary_ because it was inspired by the November 1830 Uprising, when the Poles were defeated by the Russian Empire.

All twenty-seven _Études_ were published during Chopin's lifetime; Opus 10, the first group of twelve were written between 1829 and 1832, were dedicated  to Franz Liszt and were published in 1833, in France, Germany, and England. The twelve _Études_ of Opus 25 were composed at various times between 1832 and 1836, and were published in the same countries in 1837. The final three, part of a series called "Méthode des méthodes de piano" compiled by Moscheles and Fétis, were composed in 1839 but with no opus number.

The first _Études_ of the Opus 10 set were written when Chopin was still in his teens. Chopin's _Études_ elevated the musical form from purely utilitarian exercises to great artistic masterpieces. At a concert in which Chopin performed his opus 25, Robert Schumann said "_À la Chopin_".

### _Études_ Op. 10

|Name||Key||Name||Key|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|***Étude Op. 10, No. 1***|C major|***Étude Op. 10, No. 7***|C major||||
|***Étude Op. 10, No. 2***|A minor|***Étude Op. 10, No. 8***|F major||||
|***Étude Op. 10, No. 3***|E major|***Étude Op. 10, No. 9***|F minor||||
|***Étude Op. 10, No. 4***|C-sharp minor|***Étude Op. 10, No. 10***|A-flat major||||
|***Étude Op. 10, No. 5***|G-flat major|***Étude Op. 10, No. 11***|E-flat major||||
|***Étude Op. 10, No. 6***|E-flat minor|***Étude Op. 10, No. 12***|C minor||||

### _Études_ Op. 25

|Name||Key||Name||Key|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|***Étude Op. 25, No. 1***|A-flat major|***Étude Op. 25, No. 7***|C-sharp minor||||
|***Étude Op. 25, No. 2***|F minor|***Étude Op. 25, No. 8***|D-flat major||||
|***Étude Op. 25, No. 3***|F major|***Étude Op. 25, No. 9***|G-flat major||||
|***Étude Op. 25, No. 4***|A minor|***Étude Op. 25, No. 10***|B minor||||
|***Étude Op. 25, No. 5***|E minor|***Étude Op. 25, No. 11***|A minor||||
|***Étude Op. 25, No. 6***|G-sharp minor|***Étude Op. 25, No. 12***|C minor||||

### Trois nouvelles études

|Name||Key|
| --- | --- | --- |
|***Étude No. 1***|F minor||
|***Étude No. 2***|A-flat major||
|***Étude No. 3***|D-flat major||
Mono Lake Tufa State Reserve

The **Mono Lake Tufa State Reserve** is a nature reserve near Yosemite National Park within _Mono County_, California. This reserve was founded in 1981 by the California State Legislature, to protect the formations of the natural limestone "Tufa" at Mono Lake.

The park is located on the south shore of Mono Lake and is located 15 miles east of Yosemite National Park and 2 miles north of Lee Vining Village.
Lev Ivanov

**Lev Ivanovich Ivanov** (1834-1901) was a Russian ballet dancer and choreographer. He became Second Balletmaster of the Imperial Ballet. Ivanov is credited with choreographing _The Nutcracker_ in 1892 due to the ill health of Ballet Master Marius Petipa. The extent of his work is disputed. Only Petipa's name appeared on posters for the first production. Ivanov also worked with Petipa on a restaging of _Swan Lake_in 1895. He choreographed Acts 2 and 4, and the Italian and Hungarian dances in Act 3. Other ballets choreographed by Ivanov as the Second Balletmaster to Petipa include "The Enchanted Forest" (1887), and "The Tulip of Haarlem" (1887). Ivanov is credited with the choreography for the "Polovetsian Dances" in the first production of Borodin's _Prince Igor_ in 1890. Late in life, Ivanov petitioned the Imperial Theatres for financial assistance on the strength of his 50 years of service. He died in poverty.

## Ballets

- _The Enchanted Forest_ (1887)
- _The Tulip of Haarlem_ (1887)
- _Polovetsian Dances_ in the opera _Prince Igor_ (1890)
- _The Nutcracker_ (1892)
- Acts 2 and 4 of _Swan Lake_ for the St Petersburg restaging (1895)

## References

- Goodwin, Noël (Ed.) Stanley Sadie, "Ballet (2. 19th Century)," _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Second Edition_. (London: MacMilian, 2001), 29 vols. .

## Other websites

- The Ballet Encyclopedia entry for Lev Ivanov.
- Balletmet.org notes for Lev Ivanov.
- Archive film of Alexandra Danilova performing the Sugar Plum Fairy variation from The Nutcracker after Lev Ivanov in 1952 at Jacob's Pillow
Arthur Ashe

**Arthur Robert Ashe, Jr.** (July 10, 1943 – February 6, 1993) was an American tennis player. He started playing tennis professionally in 1969. He won three singles Grand Slam titles: the US Open in 1968, the Australian Open in 1970 and Wimbledon in 1975. He won two Grand Slam doubles titles: the French Open in 1971 and the Australian Open in 1977. Arthur Ashe was ranked no 1. for being the best tennis player, the first African American to be number one. He retired in 1980. Arthur Ashe raised awareness about HIV and AIDs. He also was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1993.

Ashe was born and raised in Richmond, Virginia. He died of AIDS in New York City.

## Other websites

- Official website
Italian Concerto

The **"Italian" Concerto** (or, Concerto in the Italian style) is a piece of music for harpsichord composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was published in 1735 with the _French Overture_ in the second volume of Bach's  (English: "Keyboard Practice"). Both pieces are Bach's interpretations of popular musical forms of the day. The _Italian Concerto_ is a three-movement composition written specifically for a two-manual harpsichord (see image).

The first movement is written in F major. It has a time signature of 2/4, but has no tempo marking. It is always played Allegro (fast). The second movement is written in D minor. Its time signature is 3/4, and its tempo marking is Andante (slow). The third movement is written in F major. Its time signature is cut-time (2/2), and its tempo is marked Presto (very fast). The first and third movements are composed in _ritornello_ style. This means a theme particular to the movement returns time and again. The second movement is a very florid arioso-like piece.

An orchestral Italian concerto relies upon contrasts between the full orchestra and a small group of instruments which act as soloists. Bach achieves this effect by using the lower manual on the harpsichord as the "full orchestra" and the upper manual as the "small group of instruments".

## References

- Woodstra, Chris, et. al. 2005. _All Music Guide to Classical Music_. All Media Guide, LLC. pp. 45–46. .
Steps (group)

**Steps** are a British vocal pop group who formed in 1997. The members of the quintet are Lee Latchford-Evans, Claire Richards, Lisa Scott-Lee, Faye Tozer and Ian "H" Watkins. Steps have released seven studio albums. They released their first single "5,6,7,8" in 1997.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **img**: Steps Christmas Tour 2012.jpg
- **img capt**: Steps performing live on their Christmas with Steps tour.
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: London, United Kingdom
- **instrument**: singing, Vocals
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, dance-pop
- **years active**: 1997–2002; 2011–2012; 2017-present
- **label**: Jive Records, Jive (1997–2001)
Sony Music, Sony (2011–present)
- **current members**: Lisa Scott-Lee
Claire Richards
Faye Tozer
Lee Latchford-Evans
Ian "H" Watkins
Falstaff

- _This page is about the Shakespearean character.  For the opera by Verdi see Falstaff (opera)_

**Sir John Falstaff** is a fictional character who appears in three plays by William Shakespeare. In two of the _Henry IV_ plays, he is a friend of Prince Hal, the man who becomes King Henry V.

Falstaff is very fat.  He thinks he is very important and is always boasting.  He is also a coward.  Falstaff makes Prince Hal get into trouble.  When Hal becomes king Falstaff is rejected.

Falstaff is a comic figure, but Shakespeare makes him say some things which tell us a lot about human nature. For example: before a battle in _Henry IV_ he explains that his cowardice is actually common sense, because honour in battle is not really worth anything. Honour would not stop other people saying he was a coward and it would not help him if he got injured.

Falstaff also appears in _The Merry Wives of Windsor_.

Shakespeare’s character inspired several musicians to compose music about him.  Carl Otto Nicolai wrote an opera called _Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor_ (1849). Verdi’s wrote an opera Falstaff based on the same play.  It is often thought to be Verdi’s greatest opera. Ralph Vaughan Williams wrote an opera called _Sir John in Love_, (1924–1928).  Elgar wrote a brilliant piece for orchestra called “Falstaff” which he called: “a symphonic study”.

It is likely that Shakespeare based the character of Falstaff on a real person.  Many ideas have been discussed but no one can be sure who Shakespeare may have had in mind.
Laura Linney

**Laura Leggett Linney** (born February 5, 1964) is an American actress. She has acted in movies, on television and theater. She won a Golden Globe Award for playing Abigail Adams in _John Adams_. She is best known for playing the central role of Cathy Jamison in _The Big C_, for which she won a Golden Globe Award.

She was born in Manhattan, New York City. She is the elder daughter of Romulus Linney (1930–2011).
Sammy Davis Jr.

**Sammy Davis Jr.** (December 8, 1925 – May 16, 1990) was an American singer, dancer, actor, comedian, film producer and television director.entertainer. He was born in Harlem, New York City. Davis became hugely successful as a stage singer and recording artist and when asked to play at segregated places (where African-Americans were not allowed) he refused. Because of this some popular venues began to allow African-Americans to attend just so they could have Davis and popular black musicians play. Before that black singers like Davis and Nat King Cole could play at the hot and casinos but not stay or gamble there.

Davis led an unhealthy lifestyle of drinking, smoking and c<nowiki/>ocaine of the most popular musicians and actors of the time. He converted to Judaism while in the hospital in 1954 and 1955. He was also a member of the Rat Pack with friends Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin.

The Kennedy Center honored Davis in 1987.

Davis died of throat cancer in Beverly Hills, California.

## Other websites

- Sammy Davis, Jr.'s Grave

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sammy Davis Jr.
- **image**: Sammy Davis Jnr Allan Warren.jpg
- **caption**: Sammy Davis Jr in 1986.
- **birth name**: Samuel George Davis, Jr.
- **birth place**: Harlem, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Beverly Hills, California, Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Esophageal cancer, Throat cancer
- **resting place**: Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California
- **years active**: 1927–1989
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 4
- **parents**: Sammy Davis, Sr.
Elvera Sanchez
Erhu

The ***erhu*** (二胡; pinyin: èrhú) is a two-stringed bowed musical instrument which may also be called a "southern fiddle", and sometimes known in the Western world as the "Chinese violin" or a "Chinese two-stringed fiddle". It is used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles and big orchestras. It is the most popular of the huqin family of bowed string instruments used by various ethnic groups of China. The erhu is used in both traditional and contemporary music arrangements, such as in pop, rock, jazz, etc.
Billie Jean

"**Billie Jean**" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson. It is a song on his 1982 album, _Thriller_. The song was released as a single on January 2, 1983. "Billie Jean" was one of many hits by the singer. It was number one on the Billboard Hot 100. The song blends post-disco, R&B, funk, and dance-pop. The lyrics describe a woman, Billie Jean, who claims that the narrator is the father of her newborn son, which he denies. Jackson said the lyrics were based on groupies' claims about his older brothers when he toured with them as the Jackson 5.

At the 1984 Grammy Awards, Jackson was given awards for Best R&B Song and Best R&B Male Vocal Performance for the song. In 2008, Kanye West remixed the song for _Thriller 25_. This was a new version of _Thriller_ made for its 25th anniversary.

It is well-known for it's notable music video, directed by Steve Barron, was the first video by a black artist to be aired in heavy rotation on MTV. Jackson's performance of "Billie Jean" on the TV special _Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever_ was nominated for an Emmy Award. It introduced a number of Jackson's signatures, including the moonwalk, rhinestone glove, black sequined jacket, and high-water pants, and was widely imitated.

The song was performed live in all of Jackson's world concert tours.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Billie Jean
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Michael Jackson
- **album**: Thriller (album), Thriller
- **released**: January 2, 1983
- **recorded**: 1982
- **studio**: Westlake Recording Studios, Westlake (Los Angeles, California)
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **writer**: Michael Jackson
- **prev title**: The Girl Is Mine
- **prev year**: 1982
- **next title**: Beat It
- **next year**: 1983
Evgeny Kissin

**Evgeny Igorevitch Kissin** ( _Yevgeniy Igorevich Kisin_; born in Moscow, 10 October 1971) is an Israeli-Russian-British pianist.  He has been an Israel<nowiki/>i citizen since 2013. He is famous for his playing of the works of the Romantic repertoire, such as Frédéric Chopin and Franz Liszt.

## Awards and recognitions

- _Musical America_, Instrumentalist of the Year, 1994
- _Triumph Award_, Outstanding Contribution to Russia's Culture (Youngest Awardee), 1997
- Honorary Doctorate of Music by the Manhattan School of Music, New York 2001
- Honorary Membership of the Royal Academy of Music 2005
- Herbert von Karajan Award, Baden-Baden, Germany (2005)
- Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (without orchestra), 2006
- Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli Award, Brescia, Italy 2007
- Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra), 2009
- Honorary Doctoral Degree by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem 2010

## References

3. Evgeny Kissin's fanpage on Facebook
Camryn Manheim

**Camryn Manheim** (born March 8, 1961) is an American actress. She is best known for her role in the television show _The Practice_. She also acted in movies, mostly independent movies. She was in the 1997 movie Romy and Michele's High School Reunion. She also acted in _Ghost Whisperer_.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Camryn Manheim TFF 2007 Shankbone.jpg
- **caption**: Manheim at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival
- **birth name**: Debra Frances Manheim
- **birth place**: Caldwell, New Jersey, Caldwell, New Jersey, U.S.
- **years active**: 1983–present
- **occupation**: Actress
Inflow

An **inflow** is a river that leads to a lake or some other body of water. The inflow gives the lake a supply of water. If lakes have no way of getting water added to them, they will eventually dry up through evaporation.

Some lakes are big enough that they can stay full through rain instead of inflows. An example of such a lake is the Great Salt Lake in Utah.
Fox Entertainment Group

**Fox Entertainment Group** was an American entertainment company. It owns places that movies are produced, television networks and others. It is named after William Fox.

### Motion picture

- 20th Century Fox Film Corporation
- Fox Studios Australia
- Fox Baja Studios
- Fox 2000 Pictures
- Fox Searchlight Pictures
- Fox Faith
- 20th Century Fox Español
- 20th Century Fox International
- 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment
- Fox Atomic
- 20th Century Fox Animation
- Fox Star Studios

### Television production and distribution

- 20th Century Fox Television
- Fox Television Studios (television studio unit)
- Fox 21 (reality television unit)
- 20th Television (syndication unit) (20th Century Fox International Television, global distribution unit)

### Television stations

- Fox Television Stations Group

### Television broadcast network

- Fox Broadcasting Company
    - Fox Kids

### Broadcast syndication service

- MyNetworkTV

### Cable network programming

- Big Ten Network (51%, with the Big Ten Conference)
- Fox Business Network
- Fox College Sports
- Fox Sports Net (some affiliates owned by DirecTV Sports Networks)
- Fox Movie Channel
- Fox News Channel
- Fox Soccer
- Fox Soccer Plus
- Fox Sports Australia (50% with Consolidated Media Holdings (formerly PBL))
- FoxTEL (25% with Consolidated Media Holdings and Telstra)
- Fuel TV
- FX
- National Geographic Channel (with the National Geographic Society)
- Nat Geo Mundo (with the National Geographic Society)
- Nat Geo Wild (with the National Geographic Society)
- Speed (TV channel)
- Fox Latin American Channels
    - Fox
    - FX
    - Utilisima
    - Fox Sports
    - Fox Life
    - National Geographic Channel

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Fox Entertainment Group
- **logo**: Fox Entertainment Group.svg
- **logo caption**: Logo used until 2019
- **type**: Division (business), Division
- **fate**: Assets dispersed to other Disney divisions
* Name reused (without the word "Group") by Fox Corp. for its entertainment assets.
- **successors**: The Walt Disney Company
Walt Disney Studios (division), Walt Disney Studios
Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer and International
Disney Parks, Experiences and Products
Fox Entertainment (division of Fox Corporation, successor of the reused unit name for Fox Corp. entertainment operations without using the word "Group")
- **hq location**: Fox Plaza (Los Angeles), Fox Plaza
- **hq location city**: Century City, Los Angeles, Century City, Los Angeles, California
- **hq location country**: U.S.
- **industry**: Film
television
- **founder**: Rupert Murdoch
- **products**: Motion pictures
television programs
- **revenue**: $13.28 billion United States dollar, USD
- **revenue year**: 2012
- **operating income**: $3.3 billion United States dollar, USD
- **income year**: 2012
- **net income**: $4.98 billion United States dollar, USD
- **net income year**: 2012
- **num employees**: 12,100
- **num employees year**: 2012
- **divisions**: Zero Day Fox
Sexy Bitch

"**Sexy Bitch**" (renamed "**Sexy Chick**" whenever censored) is a hit song by David Guetta. Akon sings in it. The single was released during 2009. There are several music videos for this song. It was written by Giorgio Tuinfort, Aliaune Thiam, David Guetta, Jean-Claude Sindres and Sandy Vee.
Steinway & Sons

**Steinway & Sons**, also known as **Steinway**, () is a German-American piano company. It was founded in 1853 in Manhattan, New York City, the United States, by German piano builder Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg (later known as Henry E. Steinway). The employees at Steinway were mostly German immigrants. The company's growth led to the opening of a factory in Queens, New York City, the United States, and a factory in Hamburg, Germany. The factory in Queens supplies the Americas and the factory in Hamburg supplies the rest of the world.

Steinway is a prominent piano company making pianos of high quality. Many inventions within piano development have been made at the Steinway factories. Steinway has been granted 126 patents in piano making – the first patent was granted in 1857. The company's share of the high-end grand piano market is over 80 percent.

Steinway pianos have got many awards. One of the first is a gold medal in 1855 at the American Institute Fair at the New York Crystal Palace. From 1855 to 1862, Steinway pianos got 35 gold medals. Many awards and recognitions followed, for example three medals at the world's fair of 1867 in Paris.

Steinway pianos are made at the factories in Hamburg and Queens. In addition to the flagship Steinway piano line, Steinway markets two cheaper brands of piano. They are sold under the secondary brand names _Boston_ and _Essex_. The Boston brand is for the mid-level market and the Essex brand is for the entry-level market. Boston and Essex pianos are designed by Steinway engineers. To take advantage of lower costs of part production and labor, they are made in Asia by other piano makers under the supervision of Steinway employees.

## Related pages

- Steinway D-274

## Other websites

- Steinway & Sons – Official website
Lamian

**Lamian** () is a type of Chinese noodle. It is made by stretching and folding the dough into strands. The twisting and later stretching of the strips of dough happens because of the weight of the dough. The strands can be made in many lengths and thicknesses depending on how many times it is stretched and folded. The _Songshi yangsheng bu_ (宋氏養生部), which was written by Song Xu around 1504, has the earliest description of how to make lamian.

Lamian literally means "pulled noodles" (the Chinese word _la_ (拉) means to pull, which is how the dough is made into long thin noodles, mian (麵). Lamian dishes are usually served in beef or mutton soup. Sometimes the noodles can be stir fried (chaomian (炒麵)) and served with a tomato sauce.
Gullah Gullah Island

***Gullah Gullah Island*** is an American musical children's television series that features Gullah culture. It's on Nick Jr. from October 24, 1994 to January 9, 1998. The show features Ron Daise and his wife Natalie Daise. It was the first show designed for preschoolers to feature a black family. It was created by Maria Perez-Brown, Kathleen Minton Capano, and Kit Laybourne. It had 3 seasons and 78 episodes.

## Cast

- Ron Daise as "Ron"
- Natalie Daise as "Natalie"
- Vanessa Baden as "Vanessa"
- James Edward Coleman III as "James"
- Manolo Villaverde as "Abuelo"
- Iris Chacón as "Ms. Juana"
- Corey Hayes as "Corey"
- Simeon Othello Daise as "Simeon"

## Episodes

It show on aired broadcasting from Nickelodeon and Nick Jr. to October 1994 to until 1998.

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 24 minutes
- **camera**: Videotape; Multiple-camera setup, Multi-camera
- **creator**: Maria Magdalena Perez
Kathleen Minton Capano
Kit Laybourne
- **starring**: Ron Daise
Natalie Daise
- **theme music composer**: Peter Lurye
- **executive producer**: Larry David
Maria Perez-Brown
Kathleen Minton Capano
Kit Laybourne
- **company**: Magnet Productions (season 1)
Magnet Productions (A Nickelodeon Company)[season 1]
Perez-Minton Productions, Inc. / Nick Jr. Productions & Nickelodeon Productions
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **channel**: Nickelodeon, Nick Jr. Channel (United States)
- **num seasons**: 3
- **num episodes**: 61