juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Growing Pains

***Growing Pains*** is an American situation comedy that aired beginning in 1985 and ended in 1992. The show focused on an upper middle class family who had three children together. Joanna Kerns played Maggie Seaver and Tracey Gold played Carol Seaver.

Carol Seaver's boyfriend, Sandy, played by Matthew Perry passed away in a DUI accident.
Degrassi: The Next Generation

***Degrassi: The Next Generation*** is a Canadian teen drama created by Yan Moore and Linda Schuyler. It was shown on CTV, MuchMusic and MTV Canada. The series has had fourteen seasons and had made 385 episodes.

The TV series spawned two movies: _Degrassi Goes Hollywood_ in 2009 and _Degrassi Takes Manhattan_ in 2010.

TV.com rated the series a 8.8.

In June 2014, it was announced that Degrassi would end. The last episode will air on July 31, 2015. Degrassi will be replaced by Degrassi: Next Class. The show will air on Netflix instead of TeenNick.

Canadian rapper Drake, under his real name Aubrey Graham, played the role of Jimmy Brooks, a basketball player who was paralyzed and used a wheelchair.

## Other websites

- Degrassi: The Next Generation at muchmusic.com

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Degrassi logo 2013.png
- **camera**: Camera crew
- **runtime**: 22 min.
- **creator**: Yan Moore
Linda Schuyler
- **executive producer**: Linda Schuyler
Stephen Stohn
Brendon Yorke
- **country**: Canada
- **language**: English
- **network**: CTV Television Network, CTV <small>(2001–2009)</small>
MuchMusic <small>(2010–2013)</small>
MTV Canada <small>(2013-2015)</small>
- **num seasons**: 14
- **num episodes**: 385
Second City Television

***Second City Television*** is a Canadian sketch comedy television series that first aired on September 21, 1976 and last aired on July 17, 1984. The series had 6 seasons and made 135 episodes. One of SCTV's most popular sketches was the Bob & Doug McKenzie sketches which featured Bob who was played by Rick Moranis and Doug is played by Dave Thomas. The sketch was so popular that it was given its own animated show in 2009 and was featured on the 2002 episode, "The Bart Wants What It Wants" of The Simpsons when they visit Toronto.

In Canada, reruns are shown on The Comedy Network.

## Other websites

- _SCTV_ at tv.com

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 30 mins. (1976-1981)
90 mins. (1981-1983)
45 mins. (1983-1984)
- **creator**: There is no creator credit given
- **starring**: John Candy
Robin Duke
Joe Flaherty
Eugene Levy
Andrea Martin
Rick Moranis
Catherine O'Hara
Harold Ramis
Derek McGrath
Tony Rosato
Martin Short
Dave Thomas (actor), Dave Thomas
Ron James (comedian), Ron James
Mary Charlotte Wilcox
John Hemphill (actor), John Hemphill
- **country**: Canada
- **language**: English
- **network**: Global Television Network, Global (1976-1979)
CBC Television, CBC (1980-1983)
NBC (1981-1983)
Movie Central, Superchannel (1983-1984)
- **num seasons**: 6
- **num episodes**: 135
Military dictatorship

A **military dictatorship**, or a **military regime**, is a type of dictatorship in which power is held by one or more military officers. Military dictatorships are led by either a single military dictator, known as a strongman, or by a council of military officers known as a military junta. They are most often formed by military coups or through a popular uprising. The military nominally is given power to restore order or fight corruption.
Tracey Gold

**Tracey Claire Fisher**, better known as **Tracey Gold** (born May 16, 1969) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Carol Seaver in the sitcom _Growing Pains_ from 1985 until 1992. She also acted in other television programs. Tracey Gold was born in New York City.
Skor

**Skor** is a chocolate bar made by The Hershey Company. It is a bar covered with milk chocolate and has butter toffee in the center of it. Skor was first launched in 1981 in the United States and 1983 in Canada under the name, _Rutnam_. One skor bar has 200 calories.

## Other websites

- Skor at thehersheycompany.com
Heterozygote advantage

**Heterozygote advantage** is the situation where, at a gene locus, the heterozygote has greater fitness than either homozygote.<sup>p205</sup> It is a type of balancing selection.

## Sickle cell anaemia as an example

Hb<sup>+</sup> = gene for normal haemoglobin molecules; Hb<sup>s</sup> = mutant gene. Three genotypes are possible in a population: Hb<sup>+</sup>Hb<sup>+</sup> producing a normal phenotype; Hb<sup>+</sup>Hb<sup>s</sup> the heterozygote; and Hb<sup>s</sup>Hb<sup>s</sup> homozygous for sickle cell anaemia.

### Fitness

The fitness of these three genotypes varies according to the environment. In the temperate zone, the normal homozygotes and the heterozygotes will leave most offspring. This is because the homozygote for sickle cell has less chance of surviving to leave children, and if they do survive, they will have many health problems.

In a tropical climate, such as equatorial Africa, malaria is a big killer. There, the heterozygote has the advantage in fitness. They do not get malaria so badly, and they do not suffer the earlier deaths of the homozygote sickle cell sufferers.

Not surprisingly, the Hb<sup>s</sup> gene is present in about a quarter of Africans from the countries near the equator. In Europeans it is a rare gene.

## Polymorphism

Heterozygote advantage is probably the main cause of polymorphism in biological species. Polymorphism, alternate genetic types in a population (for example different blood groups), is extremely common. The fitness of the heterozygotes keeps a wide range of alternate gene alleles in a population. This,  in turn, gives the population a wide range of genetic 'resources' and this gives a better chance of survival.

## Related pages

- Hybrid vigour
Circuito de Jerez

**Circuito de Jerez** is a Spanish race track near Jerez de la Frontiera. It opened on December 8, 1985, and started holding motorcycling events and the Spanish Grand Prix in Formula One. The race was held in Jerez until 1990, since the circuit was in a remote (rural) area, and the Spanish Grand Prix was moved to Circuit de Catalunya in 1991.

However, in 1994, when the Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez was not finished for it's grand prix, known as the Argentine Grand Prix, Jerez hosted the European Grand Prix that year. As well, a chicane was added in Turn 11 to slow down the cars and to avoid possibly fatal (deadly) accidents, such as the one suffered by Roland Ratzenberger at the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix. The European Grand Prix returned in 1997, this time being the final race of the season, and the championship was going to be decided between Michael Schumacher and Jacques Villeneuve. However, during the podium celebrations, Jerez's Mayor Pedro Pacheco disrupted the podium celebrations by presenting a trophy that was supposed to be presented by a dignitary from Daimler-Benz, which was related to Mercedes, an engine supplier who won the race. This incident resulted on the track being temporarily banned from hosting a Grand Prix. It has never hosted another Grand Prix, but still holds winter testing during the pre-season, and still remains very popular.

As of 2010, the circuit still holds the Spanish Motorcycle Grand Prix, and has done so since 1990.
Bhangra

Bhangra started in the Punjab region, now divided between India and Pakistan, and began as a folk dance which was conducted by Punjabi farmers of all creeds, Sikhs, Muslims and Hindus, to celebrate the coming of the harvest season.

Bhangra became popular in Britain in the 1980s and the artists of Bhangra were selling over 30,000 cassettes a week in the UK even though not one of the artists made their way into the Top 40 UK Chart. Bhangra is also popular in Canada where singer, Jazzy B sold over 55,000 copies of his third album, Folk and Funky and became one of the best-selling Punjabi folk artists in the world.

The outfits for Bhangra are Turla or torla, _Pag_, which is a turban that is a sign of pride/honor in Punjab and is tied differently than the traditional turbans that the Sikhs and other people wear on the street, _Kurta_ which is a silk shirt, with about four buttons and is very loose with embroidered patterns, _Chadara_ which is a loose loincloth tied around the dancer's waist, _Jugi_ which is a waistcoat with no buttons, and _Rumāl_ which are small scarves that are worn tied on to the fingers.

## Other websites

- Bhangra website
Kia Sorento

The **Kia Sorento** is a mid-size crossover SUV that is built by the Kia Motors company. The Sorento has had 2 generations during its time. The assembly for the Kia Sorento is in South Korea, United States and Kazakhstan. The current generation Sorento shares the same platform with the Hyundai Santa Fe.

## Other websites

- Kia Sorento at kia.ca

## Infobox (automobile)

- **image**: 2023 Kia Sorento MQ4 1.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Kia Motors
- **production**: 2002–present
- **class**: Mid-size car, Mid-size sport utility vehicle, SUV (J-segment, J) (2003–2010)
Mid-size car, Mid-size crossover (automobile), crossover SUV (J-segment, J) (2010–present)
- **body style**: 5-door sport utility vehicle, SUV
Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin

**Chippewa Falls** is a city in west central Wisconsin near Eau Claire, Wisconsin.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: File:Chippewa Falls Area Chamber Building.png
- **image caption**: Chippewa Falls Chamber Building Downtown
- **blank emblem type**: Chippewa Falls logo
- **image map**: File:Chippewa County Wisconsin Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Chippewa Falls Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Chippewa Falls in Chippewa County, Wisconsin.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wisconsin, County
- **subdivision name2**: Chippewa County, Wisconsin, Chippewa
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Greg Hoffman
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 30.72
- **area total sq mi**: 11.86
- **area land km2**: 29.31
- **area land sq mi**: 11.32
- **area water km2**: 1.41
- **area water sq mi**: 0.54
- **elevation ft**: 820
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census
- **population total**: 14731
- **population density sq mi**: 1301.7
- **population density km2**: auto
- **postal code type**: Zip code
- **postal code**: 54729, 54774 (companies/organisations)
- **area code**: Area codes 715 and 534, 715 & 534
- **website**: [http://www.ci.chippewa-falls.wi.us ci.chippewa-falls.wi.us]
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 55-14575
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1563041
Ausonius

**Decimius Magnus Ausonius** (ca. 310–395) was a Latin poet and rhetorician, born at Burdigala (Bordeaux).

## Biography

Ausonius was born in Bordeaux in ca. 310. His father was a noted physician of Greek ancestry.

Ausonius had a strict upbringing by his aunt and grandmother and received an excellent education, especially in grammar and rhetoric, but said his Greek was not good. Having completed his studies, he trained for some time as a lawyer, but he preferred teaching. In 334, he established a school of rhetoric in Bordeaux, which was very popular. His most famous pupil was St. Paulinus of Nola, who later became Bishop of Nola.

After thirty years of this work, he was ordered by Valentinian to the imperial court to teach Gratian, the heir-apparent. The prince greatly respected his tutor, and after his accession bestowed on him the highest titles and honours that any Roman (besides from the royal family) could attain, culminating in the consulate in 379.

After the murder of Gratian in 383, Ausonius retired to his estates near Burdigala (now Bordeaux) in Gaul. These supposedly included the land now owned by Château Ausone, which takes its name from him. He appears to have been a late and perhaps not very enthusiastic convert to Christianity. He died about 395.

## Other websites

- Works by Ausonius at the Internet Archive
- Latin text of _Mosella_ and the _Septem Sententiae_
- Ausonius' Opera Omnia: IntraText Digital Library
- Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Latina
- wiki text and translation of Moselle
Triumvirate

A **triumvirate** is a group of three men. A **duumvirate** is a group of two.

The word is often used to mention a historical event or in talks of government. The word **troika** is Russian for **triumvirate**, and the term was used in the Soviet Union after V.I. Lenin died. Joseph Stalin, Lev Kamenev, and Grigory Zinoviev teamed up to gain power of the government. In the Soviet Union, troikas were usually considered to be three main people in the government: Party leader, head of state, and head of government.

In Ancient Rome,  Julius Caesar was a member of the first triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus. In 43 B.C.E. after he was dead, Marc Antony, Marcus Lepidus, and Octavian formed a second triumvirate to rule the Roman Empire.
Party leader

In politics, the **party leader** is the most powerful official within a political party. The party leader is typically responsible for managing the party's relationship with the general public. As such, he or she b.v.will be the person in the party the most responsible for convincing the electorate to vote for the party.

In many representative democracies, party leaders compete directly for high political office. For example, leaders of parties in presidential and semi-presidential republics will often run for President. In parliamentary systems of government, party leaders typically seek to become prime minister. In these countries, the party leader will try to be elected to the legislature, and, if elected, to simultaneously serve as the party's parliamentary leader.
Antlia

The constellation **Antlia** is a group of stars in the southern sky. Its name means "pump" and comes from the Ancient Greek word _ἀντλία_. It represents an air or vacuum pump. The stars that make Antlia are not bright or easy to see. The constellation was not created until the 18th century. Beginning at the north, the other constellations near Antlia are Hydra the sea snake, Pyxis the compass, Vela the sails, and Centaurus the centaur.

People who live in the northern parts of the world can see it in latitudes to 66 degrees north and people who live in the southern parts of the world can see it 50 degrees south from January through March.

## Infobox (constellation)

- **name**: Antlia
- **abbreviation**: Ant
- **genitive**: Antliae
- **pronounce**: , genitive
- **symbolism**: the air pump
- **ra**: 10
- **dec**: −30
- **family**: La Caille Family, La Caille
- **quadrant**: SQ2
- **areatotal**: 239
- **arearank**: 62nd
- **numbermainstars**: 3
- **numberbfstars**: 9
- **numberstarsplanets**: 1
- **numberbrightstars**: 0
- **numbernearbystars**: 2
- **brighteststarname**: Alpha Antliae, α Ant
- **starmagnitude**: 4.25
- **neareststarname**: DEN 1048-3956
- **stardistancely**: 13.17
- **stardistancepc**: 4.04
- **numbermessierobjects**: 0
- **meteorshowers**: None
- **bordering**: Hydra (constellation), Hydra
Pyxis_(constellation), Pyxis
Vela (constellation), Vela
Centaurus (constellation), Centaurus
- **latmax**: 45th parallel north, 45
- **latmin**: South Pole, 90
- **month**: April
Boysetsfire

**Boysetsfire** is an American post-hardcore band from Newark, Delaware. Boysetsfire has five members in the band; the current band members are Nat Gray, Chad Istvan, Robert Ehrenbrand, Josh Latshaw and Matt Krupanski.

## Band members

- Current members
- Nat Gray – lead vocals, keyboard
- Josh Latshaw – guitar, backing vocals
- Chad Istvan – guitar, backing vocals, piano, keyboard
- Robert Ehrenbrand – bass guitar, backing vocals
- Matt Krupanski - drums

- Former members
- Rob Avery - bass guitar
- Darrell Hyde - bass guitar

### Studio albums

- _The Day the Sun Went Out_ (1997)
- _After the Eulogy_ (2000)
- _Tomorrow Come Today_ (2003)
- _The Misery Index: Notes from the Plague Years_ (2006)
- _While a Nation Sleeps..._ (2013)
- _Boysetsfire_ (2015)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Boysetsfire
- **img**: Boyestsfire.jpg
- **img capt**: Boysetsfire in 2010
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Newark, Delaware, United States
- **genre**: Post-hardcore, emo, nu metal, metalcore, melodic hardcore, Christian hardcore, alternative metal
- **years active**: 1994–2007, 2010–present
- **label**: Initial, Victory, Wind-up, Equal Vision Records, Equal Vision, Bridge 9
- **url**: [https://www.boysetsfire.org/ Boysetsfire Website]
- **current members**: Nat Gray
Chad Istvan
Robert Ehrenbrand
Josh Latshaw
Matt Krupanski
- **former members**: Rob Avery
Darrell Hyde
University of Colorado Boulder

The **University of Colorado Boulder** (abbreviated "CU") is a public university in Boulder, Colorado. The university has about 30,196 students. It was founded in 1876.

## Sports

The athletics teams of the university are called the Buffaloes. CU, a member of NCAA Division I, has 16 varsity teams—six for men and nine for women, plus a coeducational skiing team. Of these teams, all but skiing compete in the Big 12 Conference, which CU rejoined in July 2024 after spending 13 years in the Pac-12 Conference. Because neither the Big 12 nor the Pac-12 runs a skiing league, that team is a member of the Rocky Mountain Intercollegiate Ski Association.

## Law school

The Law School at University of Colorado, Boulder, is ranked #40 by U.S. News & World Report. This is for the 2016 rankings and is out of 196 law schools.

## Other websites

- The University of Colorado Boulder
- Colorado Buffaloes
Battenberg cake

**Battenberg cake** is a light sponge cake. It is long, square faced cake, covered in marzipan.

When cut in open one can see four more squares alternately coloured pink and yellow. These coloured sections are made by dyeing half of the cake mixture pink, and half yellow, then cutting each resultant sponge into two long, uniform cuboids, and joining them together with apricot jam, to form one cake. Established variations are for coconut flavouring to the sponge cake and lemon curd or raspberry jam in place of apricot jam.

The cake was probably named in honour of the marriage, in 1884, of Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine Queen Victoria's granddaughter  to Prince Louis of Battenberg, with the four squares representing the four Battenberg princes: Louis, Alexander, Henry and Francis Joseph.

## Other websites

- A recipe for Battenberg cake
Murphy Brown

***Murphy Brown*** is an American situation comedy. It aired beginning November 14, 1988 until May 18, 1998 and revived in 2018. on CBS. The show covered multiple subjects, including single parenting. Candice Bergen played the title character.
Manuae (Cook Islands)

**Manuae** is an uninhabited atoll in the southern group of the Cook Islands, 100 kilometres south-east of Aitutaki. It is not administratively part of Aitutaki. It is, however, part of Arutanga-Reureu-Nikaupara Constituency for voting purposes only.

Manuae is a true atoll sitting on the peak of a submerged volcano which descends 4000 meters to the ocean bed. It is made of two horseshoe-shaped islets, _Manuae_ to the west and _Te Au O Tu_ to the east, with a total area of 6.17 km²on either side of a lagoon about 7 km x 4 km. Manuae has an area of 2.1 km², and Te Au O TU of 3.9 km². The lagoon is 13 km² in size, shallow and subject to large shifting sand banks. A coral reef surrounds the atoll and there is no passage through the reef.

The island is a marine park and is an important breeding ground for seabirds and marine turtles in the Central Pacific. The offshore waters of Manuae are good fishing grounds.

The island once supported a small copra industry with a settlement established next to the small reef passage less than one kilometer northeast of Turakino, the westernmost point of the atoll.  The passage, at the sea entrance, is less than 4 metres wide and in a swell is exceedingly dangerous without local knowledge.

The island has an airfield that has been out of use for several years. Fishermen from Aitutaki occasionally organise trips to Manuae. Some fishery regulations applicable to Aitutaki, apply to Manuae as well.

## History

Captain James Cook sighted Manuae on September 23 1773. It was the first of the Cook Islands he voyaged to. Initially he named it **Sandwich Island** but changed it to **Hervey Island** in honor of Augustus Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol, then a Lord of the Admiralty when he decided instead give the name of "Sandwich Islands" to the Hawaiian Islands. This name was later corrupted to **Hervey's Island**, or **Hervey's Isle**, and later applied to the entire southern group, as the **Hervey Islands**.  This name remained popular until 1824 when the islands were renamed the **Cook Islands** by the Russian cartographer von Krusenstern, in honor of Capt. Cook who had died in 1779.

In April/May 1965 the population briefly increased to 120 when the island was visited by six expeditions (from Australia, New Zealand,  Japan, U.K., U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.) to observe the total solar eclipse of 1965 May 30.

### Population before the 1980s

The population peaked with 32 at the 1956 census, but twenty years later the island was abandoned:

- 1956: 32
- 1961: 18
- 1966: 16
- 1971: 2
- 1976: -

Norwegian author Erlend Loe writes about an expedition to Manuae in his 1999 novel "_L_".
Lancia Thesis

The **Lancia Thesis** was a car produced by Lancia from 2002 to 2009. It is a large car with retro styling, similar to the Rover 75.

## Engines

- _2.0 TB_ 136 kW (185 hp)
- _2.4_ 125 kW (170 hp)
- _3.0 V6_ 158 kW (215 hp)
- _3.2 V6_ 169 kW (230 hp)
- _2.4 JTD_ 110 kW (150 hp)
- _2.4 Multijet_ 125 kW (170 hp) and 136 kW (185 hp)

## Infobox (automobile)

- **image**: Lancia Thesis 2009.jpg
- **name**: Lancia Thesis
- **manufacturer**: Lancia
- **model years**: 2001-2009
- **body style**: sedan (automobile), sedan
Hold It Against Me

**"Hold It Against Me"** is a 2011 single by Britney Spears. The song comes from her seventh studio album _Femme Fatale_. The song was released on January 11, 2011 to positive reviews.
Looting

**Looting** (also known as **sacking**, **plundering**, **despoiling**, **despoliation**, and **pillaging**) is to steal, especially as part of war, riot or other group violence. It may involve forcible robbery, but is not the same as robbery. Looting can result to damage of property and it is considered to be illegal and unethical
Iowa State University

**Iowa State University of Science and Technology** or as it is better known, **Iowa State University** is a public university in Ames, Iowa. The university has about 33,000 students. It was founded in 1858. The president of the university is Wendy Wintersteen. George Washington Carver was a student at Iowa State.

## Sports

The athletics teams of the university are called the Cyclones. They have 16 varsity teams and they compete in the Big 12 Conference.

## Other websites

- Iowa State University's Official website
University of Idaho

The **University of Idaho** is a public university in Moscow, Idaho. The university has about 11,957 students. It was founded in 1889. The current president of the university is M. Duane Nellis.

## Sports

The athletic teams of the university are called the Vandals. They have 16 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Big Sky Conference. The only exception is the women's swimming & diving team. Because the Big Sky does not sponsor that sport, that team competes in the Western Athletic Conference.

## Other websites

- University of Idaho's Official website
San José State University

**San José State University** is a public university in San Jose, California. The university, part of the California State University system, has about 31,280 students. It was founded in 1857. The current president of the university is Cynthia Teniente-Matson. The university was originally called the Minns' Evening Normal School before the California legislature voted to change the school's name to San Jose State University in 1974.

## Sports

The athletics teams of the university are called the Spartans. They have 12 varsity teams and they compete in the Mountain West Conference.

## Other websites

- San José State University's Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: San José State University
- **image upright**: 0.8
- **motto**: Powering Silicon Valley
- **established**: 1857
- **type**: Public university, Public
National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program, Space-grant
- **academic affiliations**: California State University system
Western Association of Schools and Colleges, WASC
American Association of State Colleges and Universities, AASCU
- **endowment**: $150.1 million (2018)
- **budget**: $372 million (2018)
- **faculty**: 2,037 <small>(Fall 2018)</small>
- **administrative staff**: 1,305 <small>(Fall 2018)</small>
- **president**: Cynthia Teniente-Matson
- **provost**: Vincent Del Casino
- **students**: 32,828 <small>(Fall 2018)</small>
- **undergrad**: 27,271 <small>(Fall 2018)</small>
- **postgrad**: 5,557 <small>(Fall 2018)</small>
- **city**: San Jose, California, San Jose
- **state**: California
- **country**: United States
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban,  on main campus and  on south campus
- **colors**: Blue and Gold

- **mascot**: Sammy Spartan
- **nickname**: San Jose State Spartans, Spartans
- **sporting affiliations**: NCAA Division I NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, FBS

- **logo**: San Jose State University logo.svg
- **logo size**: 250
Absorbing a blow

In boxing and other fighting, **absorbing a blow** is when one person is hit without being badly hurt or stopped from continuing the fight. Sometimes a boxer will absorb a blow they could have avoided so that they can counterattack straight afterwards.

## Sources

- Georges Blanchet, _Boxe et sports de combat en éducation physique_, Ed. Chiron, Paris, 1947
- Alain Delmas, 1. _Lexique de la boxe et des autres boxes_ (Document fédéral de formation d’entraîneur), Aix-en-Provence, 1981-2005 - 2. _Lexique de combatique_ (Document fédéral de formation d’entraîneur), Toulouse, 1975-1980.
- Jack Dempsey, _Championship fighting_, Ed. Jack Cuddy, 1950
- Gabrielle & Roland Habersetzer, _Encyclopédie des arts martiaux de l'Extrême-Orient_, Ed. Amphora, Paris, 2000
- Louis Lerda, J.C. Casteyre, _Sachons boxer_, Ed. Vigot, Paris, 1944
- Marcel Petit, _Boxe: technique et entraînement_, Paris, Ed. Amphora, Paris, 1972

## Other websites

- Antenna WKA-France - Lexicon of the _boxes pieds-poings_ (Rubric "Formations", onglet "Ceinture noire")
- Lexicon of Netboxe.com
- Practical folios of Netboxe.com
- BoxRec Boxing Encyclopaedia
White matter

The central nervous system is made of two types of tissue: **white matter** and grey matter. Grey matter contains nerve cell bodies, and white matter is made of the  nerve fibres.

When a sample is freshly cut, it usually slightly pink in appearance (for both types). When preserved in formaldehyde, white matter appears to be almost white. White matter consists mostly of myelinated axons:. Myelin is a lipid tissue (a fat) with capillaries. It helps to keep the electrical in the nerve fibre. This is important for fast and accurate sending of signals. In the brain white matter is surrounded by grey matter most of the time. In the spine, white matter is outside, and grey matter inside: the myelin sourrounds the nerve cells, and helps the transmission of nerve signals.

White matter is used to connect different areas of grey matter. If a section of white matter is damaged, the brain may be able to find a different route to replace the lost connection. The brain contains a third kind of tissue, which appears darker. It is called substantia nigra, a part of the brain that is involved in pleasure & reward, addiction and movement.
Fefe Dobson

**Felicia Lily Dobson** (born February 28, 1985) is a singer and songwriter from Canada. She has had several records, most notably her self titled debut album.
Achondroplasia

**Achondroplasia** is a form of Dwarfism. It is part of the chondrodystrophies or osteochondrodysplasias family which makes bones in a human's skeleton be too short or grow too slowly. It often affects the femur and humerus. It is caused by a dominant allele. That means only one parent has to have the gene. This gives a child a 50% chance of getting the condition. If both parents have the gene the chances are increased to 75%, but in 25% of the cases, it is very unlikely that the child would live more than a few months. However, the condition can also occur without either parent having the gene. Achondroplasia is caused by a change in the DNA for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. This change affects the making of cartilage. Now that the part of the DNA that causes the condition is known, there is hope that new treatments may be developed.
Mason Jewett Field Airport

**Mason Jewett Field**  is a public airport in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is one mile (1.85 km) southeast of Mason, in Ingham County.  The airport is owned and operated by the Capital Region Airport Authority.  The airport covers .  The elevation is  above sea level.  The airport has one asphalt runway.  There is no scheduled commercial airline service.

## History

On December 16, 1943, Arthur Jewett bought  of land for the airport.  In 1944, the runway was built.  In 1949 lights were installed on the runway.  In March 1977, the Capital Region Airport Authority purchased the airport from Arthur Jewett.

## Related pages

- Mason, Michigan
- Capital Region International Airport

## References

- Notes

- Bibliography

- <cite id="SmithB">Smith, Bartlett. Mason Jewett Airport , _Experimental Aircraft Association Chapter 55 Wingtips_, eaa55.org, March 2001, _retrieved 2010-Apr-22_</cite>

## Other websites

- Mason Jewett Field , official site

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Mason Jewett Field Airport
- **image**: Mason_Jewett_Field_Entrance_Sign.jpg
- **icao**: KTEW
- **faa**: TEW
- **type**: Public
- **owner-oper**: Capital Region Airport Authority
- **city-served**: Mason, Michigan
- **elevation-f**: 920
- **elevation-m**: 280
- **website**: [http://www.flylansing.com/mason_jewett_airport.aspx www.flylansing.com/...]
- **r1-number**: 10/28
- **r1-length-f**: 4,000
- **r1-length-m**: 1,219
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **stat-year**: 2009
- **stat1-header**: Aircraft operations
- **stat1-data**: 17,820  15%
- **stat2-header**: Based aircraft
- **stat2-data**: 64
- **footnotes**: Source: Federal Aviation Administration
Working Girl

***Working Girl*** is a 1988 American romantic comedy-drama movie starring Melanie Griffith as a Staten Island-raised secretary working in a New York City bank. Also starring are Harrison Ford, Alec Baldwin, and Sigourney Weaver.
State capitalism

**State capitalism** is an economic system where the state government controls most or all steps of making a product. Capitalism is an economic system calling for the private ownership of factories and everything needed to make a product - called the "means of production".

In Free-market capitalism, "private ownership" means that one, or a few, private owners who own a business have control over the means of production, even though the workers are the people who _make_ the products.
Patrick Stump

**Patrick Vaughn Stump** (born **Patrick Martin Stumph** on April 27th, 1984) is an American musician, best known as the lead singer, guitarist and composer of the American rock band Fall Out Boy. With the band he achieved widespread popularity and success. On January 2010 he announced he was working on a solo album after his band took a break in late 2009. He released his first solo song "Spotlight (song)" in two versions, "Spotlight (Oh Nostalgia)" and "Spotlight (New Regrets)" on November 29, 2010. On February 22, 2011, he released his first EP, _Truant Wave_. He released his debut album called _Soul Punk_ on October 18, 2011, of which he wrote every song, played every note, self-produced, and funded by himself.

On May 6, 2011 he leaked a track off his album _Soul Punk_ called "Explode", uploading it to his YouTube channel. On July 26, 2011 he released the first single "This City" featuring Lupe Fiasco on iTunes.

## Fall Out Boy

Fall Out Boy formed in 2001. They released their mini-album _Fall Out Boy's Evening Out with Your Girlfriend_ in 2003 and _Take This to Your Grave_ in the same year.
In 2003, Stump and his bandmates went on to sign with Island Records, and released the acoustic-based EP _My Heart Will Always Be the B-Side to My Tongue_ CD and DVD in 2004. This was followed with their third studio album, _From Under the Cork Tree_, which went double-platinum in 2005 and reached the top ten of the US chart, going on to sell over three million copies around the world. Their fourth studio album, _Infinity on High_, was released in 2007 to continued commercial success. It started at number one on the US music album chart and in the top five around the world. Fall Out Boy's most recent album, _Folie à Deux_, was released on December 23 and 16, 2008 in the United States/worldwide, respectively.

On February 6, 2010, E! Online reported that bassist Pete Wentz had told them "We're just on a break," and that he is more focused on being a father right now than he is on Fall Out Boy. Pete lastly added, "...I think I'll be OK. It's too soon to say that we'll be back. We just got burned out."

### Studio albums

- _Soul Punk_ (2011)

### Extended plays

- _Truant Wave_ (2011)

### Singles

- "This City" <small>(2011)</small>

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Patrick Stump
- **img**: Fall Out Boy's Patrick Stump performs to open the 2016 T-Mobile -HRDerby. (28336717050) (cropped).jpg
- **img capt**: Patrick Stump performing with Fall Out Boy in 2016
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Patrick Martin Stumph
- **birth place**: Evanston, Illinois, US
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals, guitar, piano, drum kit, drums, Percussion instrument, percussion, Keyboard instrument, keyboard
- **genre**: Pop rock, pop punk, alternative rock, synthpop, Contemporary R&B, R&B, funk
- **occupation**: Musician, multi-instrumentalist, singer-songwriter, record producer
- **years active**: 2001–present
- **label**: Island Records, Island, Nervous Breakdance Media
- **associated acts**: Fall Out Boy, Gym Class Heroes, Cobra Starship, Panic! at the Disco, Arma Angelus
Maureen O'Hara

**Maureen O'Hara** (17 August 1920 – 24 October 2015) was an Irish-American actress and singer. She was born in Ranelagh, Dublin and was a naturalised American citizen. She starred in many movies. She is noted for usually playing fiercely passionate heroines in her movies.

O'Hara died in her sleep at her home in Boise, Idaho at the age of 95. She was buried next to her husband at Arlington National Cemetery.
Soul Punk

***Soul Punk*** is the first studio album by American musician _Patrick Stump_. The album was released on October 18, 2011. Stump's solo project was officially revealed in January 2010 and was later titled _Soul Punk_. It is the first major musical project undertaken by Stump since Fall Out Boy's hiatus. The album is scheduled for release on October 18, 2011 through Island, with Stump officially announcing the release on July 25 via Twitter and the internet. The track "Explode" from the album was leaked on May 6, 2011 for promotion purposes.

The album's first single "This City" was released on July 26, 2011. The music video for the single will be released on September 20, 2011. The track features rapper Lupe Fiasco.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Soul Punk
- **type**: Studio
- **artist**: Patrick Stump
- **released**: October 18, 2011
- **recorded**: 2010-2011
- **length**: 46:05
- **genre**: Electropop
- **label**: Island Def Jam
- **producer**: Patrick Stump
- **prev title**: Truant Wave
(2011)
Porcelain (song)

"**Porcelain**" is a song by American electronica musician Moby. It is the third track from his album _Play_. It was the sixth single from that album. The song was released on June 12, 2000 in the UK. It reached number 5 in the UK charts. This is Moby's highest chart position there so far. The song was released in the U.S. two months later, on August 22. It was in the 1998 movie _Playing by Heart_ before it was released in the U.S.  It was also on the soundtrack to the 2000 movie _The Beach_.

## Chart positions

|align="left"|Chart (2000)|align="center"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Australian ARIA Singles Chart|align="center"|56 <small>**(I)**</small>|
|align="left"|Dutch Singles Chart|align="center"|68|
|align="left"|French Singles Chart|align="center"|99|
|align="left"|German Singles Chart|align="center"|63|
|align="left"|Irish Singles Chart|align="center"|26|
|align="left"|New Zealand Singles Chart|align="center"|17|
|align="left"|Swiss Singles Chart|align="center"|79|
|align="left"|UK Singles Chart|align="center"|5|
|align="left"|U.S. _Billboard_ Hot Dance Club Play|align="center"|14|
|align="left"|U.S. _Billboard_ Modern Rock Tracks|align="center"|18|

<small>**(I)**</small>: In Australia, the song was released as an A-side with "Honey".

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Porcelain
- **artist**: Moby featuring Pilar Basso
- **album**: Play (Moby album), Play
- **b-side**: "Flying Over the Dateline", "Summer"
- **genre**: Electronica, Ambient music, ambient, downtempo
- **length**: 3:32 (single version)
4:02 (album version)
3:08 (radio edit)
- **label**: Mute Records, Mute
- **writer**: Moby
- **prev title**: Natural Blues
- **prev year**: 2000
- **next title**: Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad?#Remix featuring Kelis, Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad? / Honey
- **next year**: 2001
Ken Starr

**Kenneth Winston "Ken" Starr** (July 21, 1946 – September 13, 2022) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a federal U.S. Court of Appeals Judge and a Solicitor General. He was Independent Counsel (which was a special office that investigated government officials) while Bill Clinton was the President of the United States for the Whitewater controversy. He was the United States Solicitor General during the George H. W. Bush administration from 1989 to 1993.

Starr filed the Starr Report, which accused President Clinton of lying in court about having an affair with an intern at the White House.

Starr died at a hospital in Houston, Texas on September 13, 2022 from problems caused by surgery, aged 76.

## Other websites

- The Starr Report

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **embed**: yes
- **office4**: Chancellor of Baylor University
- **term start4**: November 11, 2013
- **term end4**: June 1, 2016
- **predecessor4**: Robert B. Sloan (2006)
- **successor4**: Position abolished
- **office5**: President of Baylor University
- **term start5**: June 1, 2010
- **term end5**: May 31, 2016
- **predecessor5**: John M. Lilley
- **successor5**: Linda Livingstone
- **office6**: Dean of the Pepperdine University School of Law
- **term start6**: August 1, 2004
- **term end6**: June 1, 2010
- **predecessor6**: Charles Nelson
- **successor6**: Tom Bost


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ken Starr
- **image**: Ken Starr (51699279991) (cropped).jpg
- **office1**: Special prosecutor, Independent Counsel for the Whitewater Controversy
- **term start1**: August 5, 1994
- **term end1**: September 11, 1998
- **predecessor1**: Robert B. Fiske (Special Counsel)
- **successor1**: Robert Ray (prosecutor), Robert Ray
- **office2**: 39th Solicitor General of the United States
- **president2**: George H. W. Bush
- **deputy2**: John Roberts
- **term start2**: May 26, 1989
- **term end2**: January 20, 1993
- **predecessor2**: Charles Fried
- **successor2**: Drew S. Days III
- **office3**: Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
- **appointer3**: Ronald Reagan
- **term start3**: September 20, 1983
- **term end3**: May 26, 1989
- **predecessor3**: George MacKinnon
- **successor3**: Karen L. Henderson
- **birth name**: Kenneth Winston Starr
- **birth place**: Vernon, Texas, Vernon, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: Houston, Texas, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **otherparty**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (before 1975)
- **education**: George Washington University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Brown University (Master of Arts, MA)
Duke University (Juris Doctor, JD)
- **caption**: Starr in 2021
- **children**: 3
Norman Smiley

**Norman Anthony Smiley** (born 28 February 1965 in Northampton, England) is an English professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling for WCW. Smiley is currently working as a trainer for WWE. He was the WCW Hardcore Champion two times during his career.

## Championships and accomplishments

- **Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre**
    - CMLL World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- **Four Star Championship Wrestling**
    - FSCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- **Future of Wrestling**
    - FOW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- **Global Wrestling Alliance**
    - GWA Global Television Championship (1 time)
- **Independent Pro Wrestling Association**
    - IPWA Southern Championship (1 time)
    - IPWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Joe DeFuria
- **Maximum Pro Wrestling**
    - MXPW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - Ranked No. 107 of the 500 best singles wrestler of the _PWI 500_ in 2000
    - Ranked No. 375 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI Years in 2003
- **World Championship Wrestling**
    - WCW Hardcore Championship (2 times)
- **Xtreme Wrestling Alliance**
    - XWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Norman Smiley
- **names**: Black Magic
Lord Norman
**Norman Smiley**
- **image**: Norman Smiley and Billy Kidman.jpeg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Norman Smiley (right)
- **birth place**: Northampton, England, United Kingdom
- **trainer**: Rusty Brooks
Boris Malenko
Dean Simon, Dean Malenko
- **debut**: 1985
Linda B. Buck

**Linda Diane Brown** (born January 29, 1947) Is an American biologist. She is most well known for the work she has done to research the olfactory system.

## Life

She changed her name to Linda Brown Buck after getting married to Roger Brent. She studied psychology and microbiology at the University of Washington in Seattle, graduating in 1975. Buck received her Ph.D. in immunology from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas in 1980. She researched more at Columbia after her studies in doctoral research . There, she met Richard Axel. They worked together from 1984 to 1991, when Buck left New York for a teaching job. They researched primarily on the genetic and cellular mechanisms relating to an organism’s sense of smell. When she left New York, Buck worked at Harvard until 2002. She then joined the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.

## Career

In 2004, Buck won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for her research on the sense of smell. She shared her Nobel Prize with Richard Axel. The two scientists made many new discoveries about Genetic and cellular Mechanisms responsible of the sense of smell in human beings and other organisms. In a series of experiments Buck (working independently from Axel) discovered how people separate different smells in their nose. She learned that people detect smells from odor in the air. Odors are released through many different substances. These molecules stimulate olfactory response cells in the nose. They send signals to the brain. Buck discovered that there are 350 smell receptors in the nose.
Richard Axel

**Richard Axel** (born July 2, 1946 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an American neuroscientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004 for working on the olfactory receptors which he shared with Linda B. Buck.
David Baltimore

**David Baltimore** (March 7, 1938 – September 6, 2025) was an American biologist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1975 for discovering reverse transcriptase. He shared the prize with Howard Temin and Renato Dulbecco. He was born in New York City.

The discovery of reverse transcriptase was made at the same time as Howard Temin. It overturned the central dogma of molecular biology because it showed that genetic information could traffic both ways between DNA and RNA. They published these findings in back-to-back papers in the journal, _Nature_.

He was elected a foreign member of the Academia Europaea in 1999.

Baltimore died on September 6, 2025 from problems caused by metastatic cancer at his home in Woods Hole, Massachusetts at the age of 87.
Nathaniel Gorham

**Nathaniel Gorham** (May 27, 1738 – June 11, 1796) was the fourteenth President of the United States in Congress. He was also one of the signers of the United States Constitution. He was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts. His father was Nathaniel Gorham and his mother was Mary Soley. He was a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1782 until 1783, and also from 1785 until 1787. Gorham died in Charlestown, Massachusetts in June 11, 1796.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Nathaniel Gorham
- **image**: Nathaniel Gorham.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Nathaniel Gorham
 by Charles Willson Peale, circa 1793
- **office**: 14th President of the United States in Congress Assembled
- **term start**: June 6, 1786
- **term end**: November 5, 1786
- **predecessor**: John Hancock
- **successor**: Arthur St. Clair
- **office2**: 2nd Acting President of the United States in Congress Assembled
- **term start2**: May 15, 1786
- **term end2**: June 5, 1786
- **president2**: John Hancock
- **predecessor2**: David Ramsay (congressman), David Ramsay
- **successor2**: _Himself_ as 8th President of the United States in Congress Assembled
- **birth place**: Charlestown, Massachusetts, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- **death place**: Charlestown, Massachusetts, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- **spouse**: Rebecca Call
- **profession**: Politician, Merchant
- **signature**: Nathaniel Gorham Signature.svg
Rafflesiaceae

**Rafflesiaceae** is a family of flowering plants in the Malpighiales order. They are parasitic plants found in east and southeast Asia, including _Rafflesia arnoldii_, the plant with the largest flower of all plants.
Righteous Kill

***Righteous Kill*** is a 2008 crime thriller movie. Robert De Niro, Al Pacino, John Leguizamo and Donnie Wahlberg are in the movie. Curtis "50 Cent" Jackson also appears. The movie received mostly negative reviews from the critics.
Hydra

**Hydra** may refer to:
- Hydra (mythology), a monster in Greek mythology
- Hydra (constellation), a group of stars
- Hydra (animal), simple invertebrate animal that lives in the water.
- Hydra (moon), a moon around the planet Pluto