Czechoslovakia

**Czechoslovakia**, or **Czecho-Slovakia**, was a country in Europe. It split off from Austria-Hungary in 1918 and split apart in 1993.

In mid-1938 Nazi Germany took over Czechoslovakia and split off Slovakia. Sudetenland was annexed by Germany, other parts of Czechia became its protectorate named Bohemia and Moravia. After World War II the USSR liberated these lands and kept Zakarpattia because of the Ukrainian (Rusyn) majority in that region.

By 1948 pro-Soviet communists got the power finally and declared the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. It was a member of Warsaw Treaty Organization and COMECON , one of the richest countries of the Eastern Bloc. In the Prague Spring of the late 1960s, Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubcek pursued his own policy of a ‘socialism with a human face’. In 1968 Warsaw Pact troops invaded Czechoslovakia to restore the old system.

In 1989 Czechoslovakia peacefully changed its political system in the _Velvet Revolution_. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia split into the **Czech Republic **and** Slovakia**. The countries separated in peace.

## Official names

- 1918–1920: **Republic of Czechoslovakia** (abbreviated RČS)/**Czecho-Slovak State**, or Czecho-Slovakia/Czechoslovakia
- 1920–1938: **Czechoslovak Republic** (ČSR), or Czechoslovakia
- 1938–1939: **Czecho-Slovak Republic**, or Czecho-Slovakia
- 1945–1960: **Czechoslovak Republic** (ČSR), or Czechoslovakia
- 1960–1990: **Czechoslovak Socialist Republic** (ČSSR), or Czechoslovakia
- April 1990: Czechoslovak Federative Republic (Czech version) and Czecho-Slovak Federative Republic (Slovak version)
    - The country subsequently became the **Czech and Slovak Federative Republic**, ČSFR, or Československo (Czech version) and Česko-Slovensko (Slovak version).

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Czechoslovakia
- **native name**: _Československo_
_Česko‑Slovensko_
- **common name**: Czechoslovakia
- **life span**: 1918–1939
1945–1992

- **p1**: Austria-Hungary
- **flag p1**: Imperial Coat of Arms of the Empire of Austria.svg
- **p2**: Kingdom of Bohemia
- **flag p2**: Flag of Bohemia.svg
- **p3**: Margraviate of Moravia
- **flag p3**: Banner of arms of Moravia.svg
- **s1**: Czech Republic
- **flag s1**: Flag of the Czech Republic.svg
- **s2**: Slovakia
- **flag s2**: Flag of Slovakia.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg
- **flag**: Flag of Czechoslovakia
- **flag type**: Flag

- **flag border**: Flag of Czechoslovakia
- **image coat**: Lesser coat of arms of Czechoslovakia.svg
- **symbol type**: Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia, Lesser coat of arms

- **image map**: Czechoslovakia location map.svg
- **image map caption**: Czechoslovakia during interwar period and Cold War
- **national anthem**:

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- **capital**: Prague, Prague <small>(_Praha_)</small>
- **demonym**: Czechoslovak
- **common languages**: Czech language, CzechSlovak language, SlovakGerman language, GermanHungarian language, HungarianYiddish language, YiddishRusyn language, Rusyn
- **government type**: First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939)
Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948)
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1990)
Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)
- **title leader**: List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia, President
- **leader1**: Tomáš Masaryk, Tomáš G. Masaryk
- **year leader1**: 1918–1935
- **leader2**: Edvard Beneš
- **leader3**: Emil Hácha
- **year leader3**: 1938–1939
- **leader4**: Klement Gottwald
- **year leader4**: 1948–1953
- **leader5**: Antonín Zápotocký
- **year leader5**: 1953–1957
- **leader6**: Antonín Novotný
- **year leader6**: 1957–1968
- **leader7**: Ludvík Svoboda
- **year leader7**: 1968–1975
- **leader8**: Gustáv Husák
- **year leader8**: 1976–1989
- **leader9**: Václav Havel
- **year leader9**: 1989–1992
- **title deputy**: List of Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia, Prime Minister
- **deputy1**: Karel Kramář
- **year deputy1**: 1918–1919 <small>(first)</small>
- **deputy2**: Jan Stráský
- **year deputy2**: 1992 <small>(last)</small>
- **era**: 20th century
- **event start**: Independence
- **date start**: 28 October
- **year start**: 1918
- **event1**: German occupation of Czechoslovakia, German occupation
- **date event1**: 1939
- **event2**: Liberation
- **date event2**: 9 May 1945
- **event3**: 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état, Coup d'état
- **date event3**: 25 February 1948
- **event4**: Velvet Revolution
- **date event4**: November–December 1989
- **event end**: Dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Dissolution
- **date end**: 31 December
- **year end**: 1992
- **stat year1**: 1921
- **stat pop1**: 13,607,385
- **stat year2**: 1992
- **stat pop2**: 15,600,000
- **currency**: Czechoslovak koruna
- **today**:

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