juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Yegor Gaidar

**Yegor Timurovich Gaidar** (; 19 March 1956 – 16 December 2009) was a Soviet and Russian economist, politician, and author. He was the Acting Prime Minister of Russia from 15 June 1992 to 14 December 1992.

## Other websites

- Yegor Gaidar's home page
- Gaidar, acting Russian PM under Yeltsin, dies
- Yegor Gaidar – Daily Telegraph obituary

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birth name**: Yegor Timurovich Gaidar
- **name**: Yegor Gaidar
- **image**: Gaidar in 2008 - crop.jpg
- **imagesize**: 240px
- **caption**: Gaidar in 2008.
- **office**: Prime Minister of Russia
- **president**: Boris Yeltsin
- **term start**: 15 June 1992
- **term end**: 15 December 1992
<small>Acting</small>
- **predecessor**: Boris Yeltsin
- **successor**: Viktor Chernomyrdin
- **order4**: 1st Ministry of Finance (RSFSR), Minister of Economy and Finance of the RSFSR
- **president4**: Boris Yeltsin
- **term start4**: 11 November 1991
- **term end4**: 19 February 1992
- **predecessor4**: Position established
- **successor4**: Position abolished
- **order5**: 1st Minister of Finance (Russia), Minister of Finance of Russia
- **president5**: Boris Yeltsin
- **term start5**: 19 February 1992
- **term end5**: 2 April 1992
- **predecessor5**: Position established
- **successor5**: Vasily Barchuk
- **order6**: Democratic Choice of Russia, Chairman of Democratic Choice of Russia
- **term start6**: 1994
- **term end6**: 2001
- **order2**: First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia
- **president2**: Boris Yeltsin
- **primeminister2**: Viktor Chernomyrdin
- **alongside2**: Vladimir Shumeyko
Oleg Soskovets
Boris Fyodorov
- **term start2**: 18 September 1993
- **term end2**: 20 January 1994
- **predecessor2**: Vladimir Shumeyko
- **successor2**: Oleg Lobov
- **primeminister3**: Boris Yeltsin
Himself as Acting Prime minister
- **term start3**: 2 March 1992
- **term end3**: 15 December 1992
- **predecessor3**: Gennady Burbulis
- **successor3**: Vladimir Shumeyko
- **birth place**: Moscow, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, RSFSR, Soviet Union
- **death place**: Odintsovo raion, Moscow Oblast, Russia
- **alma mater**: Lomonosov Moscow State University
- **spouse**: Irina Smirnova <small>(div.)</small>
  Maria Strugatskaya
- **children**: Peter
 Maria Gaidar, Maria
 Paul
- **party**: Union of Rightist Forces (2001—2008)
- **otherparty**: Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1980—1991)
Democratic Choice of Russia (1994—2001)
- **signature**: Signature of Yegor Gaidar.svg
Dario Franchitti

**Dario Franchitti** (born 19 May 1973) is a Scottish racing driver. He is best known for winning the IndyCar Series championship four times (in 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011). He won the Indianapolis 500 three times. He most recently drove for Chip Ganassi Racing. He won three of his four championships while driving for that team. Franchitti has also driven in NASCAR and sportscar races. In 2013, he retired from racing after he was hurt in a crash during a race.

## Biography

Franchitti was born on 19 May 1973 in Bathgate, Scotland. He began racing as a young boy. In 1996, he ran in the DTM series for Mercedes-Benz. He moved to CART racing in 1997. He drove for Hogan Racing in 1997. Franchitti finished a strong second place in 1999. In 2000, he thought about moving to the Jaguar Formula One team, but stayed in IndyCar racing. At this time he was driving for Andretti Autosport.

In 2003, Franchitti moved to the Indy Racing League (now IndyCar). He had to miss much of the year after he was injured in a motorcycle accident. Dan Wheldon replaced Franchitti at a race in Japan.

2007 was Franchitti's most successful season so far. He won the Indianapolis 500 and the series title.

Franchitti spent 2008 in NASCAR with Chip Ganassi Racing. He had some strong results, but he had a difficult season and decided to return to IndyCar. (IndyCar had merged with ChampCar in 2008.) He drove for Ganassi's IndyCar team, where he replaced Wheldon.

The 2009 season was very successful for Franchitti. He won the title over his teammate Scott Dixon and Penske driver Ryan Briscoe after winning the final race in Miami.

In 2010, Franchitti had a long battle with Australian driver Will Power. Franchitti won his second straight title.

Franchitti won again in 2011 after another battle with Power. His longtime friend Dan Wheldon was killed in a massive crash at the last race of the season in Las Vegas.

Franchitti did not have as much success in 2012 or 2013. He did win the Indianapolis 500 in 2012. During the 2013 Houston Grand Prix, a crash happened when he was racing in a difficult part of the course. Franchitti and several fans were seriously injured. Franchitti retired from racing after this crash. He is still involved with racing. He will drive the pace car for the 2014 Indianapolis 500. His place at the Ganassi team was taken by Tony Kanaan.

## Personal life

Franchitti married American actress Ashley Judd in December 2001. The couple broke up in 2013.
Baby Don't Forget My Number

**"Baby Don't Forget My Number"** is a popular dance hit song by the music group Milli Vanilli. It was released in December 1988. It was the first of Milli Vanilli's three #1 hits on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 between 1988-1990.

The longest cut is eight minutes and 20 seconds.
Erna Solberg

**Erna Solberg** (; born 24 February 1961) is a Norwegian politician. She was the 35th Prime Minister of Norway from 2013 until 2021.

Solberg is the leader of the Conservative Party (as of 2025); However, she will not be a candidate, when the party will elect a new leader in 2026. She became the leader, in 2004.

### 2024 conflict-of-interest case (against Solberg), in parliament

On November 7, 2023, she gave answers to questions during a hearing by parliament's Standing Committee on Scrutiny and Constitutional Affairs. On November 21, the committee asked 12 new questions. The committee gave its report in late February 2024.

Previously (September 2023), media told about her husband having bought and sold stocks for at least Norwegian kroner 112 million, while she was a prime minister. The number of transactions, were more than three thousand; Media says that Erna Solberg had a conflict of interest, even if she did not know about every transaction.

All members of parliament voted (March 5, 2024) for _strong criticism_ against Solberg; The vote was the first time that a unanimous parliament, had voted against a former primeminister.

## Family

Solberg was born in Bergen. She has two children with her husband, Sindre Finnes.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Erna Solberg
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of Parliament, MP
- **image**: Erna Solberg 2024.jpg
- **caption**: Solberg in 2024
- **office**: Leader of the Opposition
- **monarch**: Harald V of Norway, Harald V
- **primeminister**: Jonas Gahr Støre
- **term start**: 14 October 2021
- **predecessor**: Jonas Gahr Støre
- **monarch1**: Harald V
- **primeminister1**: Jens Stoltenberg
- **predecessor1**: Jens Stoltenberg
- **term start1**: 17 October 2005
- **term end1**: 16 October 2013
- **successor1**: Jens Stoltenberg
- **office3**: 35th Prime Minister of Norway
- **monarch3**: Harald V of Norway, Harald V
- **term start3**: 16 October 2013
- **term end3**: 14 October 2021
- **predecessor3**: Jens Stoltenberg
- **successor3**: Jonas Gahr Støre
- **office2**: Conservative Party (Norway), Leader of the Conservative Party
- **term start2**: 9 May 2004
- **office4**: Minister of Local Government and Modernisation (Norway), Minister of Local Government
- **primeminister4**: Kjell Magne Bondevik
- **term start4**: 19 October 2001
- **term end4**: 17 October 2005
- **predecessor4**: Sylvia Brustad
- **successor4**: Åslaug Haga
- **office5**: Leader, Leader of the Conservative Party (Norway), Conservative Women's Association
- **term start5**: 7 March 1993
- **term end5**: 29 March 1998
- **predecessor5**: Siri Frost Sterri
- **successor5**: Sonja Sjøli
- **office6**: Storting, Member of the Norwegian Parliament
- **term start6**: 2 October 1989
- **constituency6**: Hordaland
- **birth place**: Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
- **nationality**: Norwegians, Norwegian
- **party**: Conservative Party (Norway), Conservative
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: University of Bergen
- **website**: https://erna.no/
Cuthbert A. Pattillo

**Cuthbert Augustus "Bill" Pattillo** (June 3, 1924 – February 20, 2014) was a Major General in the United States Air Force. He served in World War II and the Vietnam War. He worked as Director of Plans and Policy for the United States Readiness Command at MacDill Air Force Base. He was as a pioneer in jet aerobatic demonstration teams. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. His twin brother was Charles C. Pattillo.

Pattillo died from natural causes on February 20, 2014 at his home in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He was 89 years old.

## Other websites

- Cuthbert A. Pattillo biography at the United States Air Force website
Francine Lalonde

**Francine Lalonde** (August 24, 1940 – January 17, 2014) was a Canadian politician. She was a Bloc Québécois member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the districts of La Pointe-de-l'Île from 2004 election to 2011, and Mercier from the 1993 election to 2004. She was also a lecturer, teacher and unionist and campaigner for assisted suicide. She was born in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec.

Lalonde died from cancer on January 17, 2014 in Quebec. She was 73 years old.

## Other websites

- Francine Lalonde  at the Parliament of Canada website
Mohamed Guessous

**Mohamed Guessous** (1938 – 7 February 2014) was a Moroccan academic, activist, educator and sociologist. He was also a politician in the Socialist Union of Popular Forces. He studied in Canada and at Princeton University in New Jersey, United States. He was born in Fes.

## Death cause

Guessous died after a long illness on 7 February 2014 in Rabat, aged 76. He was called "Father of Sociology in Morocco".
Prokash Karmakar

**Prokash Karmakar** (; 1933 – 24 February 2014) was a preeminent Indian artist and painter. His work is in the permanent collection of a number of museums and galleries all over India, including the National Gallery of Modern Art in New Delhi. He was born in Kolkata, West Bengal.

Karmakar died from an illness on 24 February 2014. He was 81 years old.
Jeffery Dench

**Jeffery Danny Dench** (29 April 1928 – 25 March 2014) was an English actor. He is best known for his work with the Royal Shakespeare Company. He was the older brother of actress Judi Dench. Dench was known for his role in _First Knight_.

Dench died on 27 March 2014, aged 85.

## Other websites

- Jeffery Dench at the Internet Movie Database

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Jeffrey Danny Dench
- **birth date**: 29 April 1928
- **birth place**: Manchester, Lancashire, England, UK
- **spouse**: Betty Martin <small>(1953–2002)</small>
Ann Curtis <small>(2005–2014)</small>
- **relatives**: Judi Dench <small>(sister)</small>
Baruch Samuel Blumberg

**Baruch Samuel "Barry" Blumberg** (July 28, 1925 – April 5, 2011) was an American doctor of Jewish descent.

He is best known for the research he did on the Hepatitis B virus. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1976 for "discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases". He shared the prize with Daniel Carleton Gajdusek.

He died on April 5, 2011 a short while after he gave the keynote speech at the International Lunar Research Park Exploratory Workshop held at NASA Ames Research Center.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Baruch Samuel Blumberg
- **image**: Baruch Samuel Blumberg by Tom Trower (NASA).jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: A NASA portrait of Dr. Baruch Blumberg in 1999
- **birth name**: Baruch Samuel Blumberg
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Mountain View, California, Mountain View, California, U.S.
- **fields**: Biochemistry, Physiology
- **work institutions**: Fox Chase Cancer Center
University of Pennsylvania
NASA Astrobiology Institute
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **known for**: Hepatitis B virus
Karl Spillman Forester

**Karl Spillman Forester** (May 2, 1940 – March 29, 2014) was an American judge. He was the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky. He served from July 27, 1988 until his death in March 29, 2014. He was nominated by President of the United States Ronald Reagan.

Forester died in Lexington, Kentucky, aged 73.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Karl Spillman Forester
- **office**: United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky
- **termstart**: July 27, 1988
- **termend**: March 29, 2014
- **appointer**: Ronald Reagan
- **predecessor**: Green Wix Unthank
- **birth place**: Harlan, Kentucky
- **death place**: Lexington, Kentucky
- **spouse**: Tarasa T. Forester
- **alma mater**: University of Kentucky, B.A., 1962
University of Kentucky College of Law, J.D., 1966
Jerry Roberts

**Captain Jerry Roberts** MBE (Raymond C. Roberts) (18 November 1920 – 25 March 2014) was a British businessman and wartime codebreaker. During World War II, Roberts was worked as a codebreaker at Bletchley Park from 1941 to 1945. He was a leading codebreaker and linguist, who worked on Tunny — Hitler's most top-level code. He was born in Wembley, Middlesex.

Robert died on 25 March 2014, aged 93.
Paddy Cronin

**Paddy Cronin** (c. 1925 – 15 March 2014) was an Irish fiddler. He was born in Ré Buí near Gneeveguilla, County Kerry.

In the early 1970s, he went on to record an LP, "Music In The Glen", for the Fleetwood label, followed by "The House In The Glen" for Talcon.

In 1975, Paddy released _The Rakish Paddy_ LP with Fiddler Records of Seattle, and in 1977 released _Kerry's Own Paddy Cronin_ with Outlet records of Belfast.

He died on 15 March 2014 in Dublin, Ireland, aged 88.
Dickinson W. Richards

**Dickinson Woodruff Richards, Jr.** (October 30, 1895 – February 23, 1973) was an American physician and physiologist.

He is best known for the research he did on the development of cardiac catheterization as well as the characterization of a number of cardiac diseases.

## Awards and recognition

He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system". He shared the prize with André Cournand and Werner Forssmann.

He died in Lakeville, Connecticut on February 23, 1973.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Dickinson W. Richards
- **image size**: 220px
- **birth name**: Dickinson Woodruff Richards, Jr.
- **birth place**: Orange, New Jersey, Orange, New Jersey, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Lakeville, Connecticut, Lakeville, Connecticut, U.S.
- **fields**: medicine
physiology
- **work institutions**: Columbia University
Bellevue Hospital
New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Presbyterian Hospital
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **known for**: Cardiac catheterization
Amoebozoa

The **Amoebozoa** are a eukaryote phylum of _Amoeba_-like protozoa. They are a sister clade to the fungi and the animals.   Most move by  internal cytoplasmic flow. Their finger-like pseudopodia are characteristic.

They are a major group with about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists. In most classification schemes, Amoebozoa is ranked as a phylum in either the kingdom Protista or the kingdom Protozoa. In the  classification of the International Society of Protistologists, it is kept as an unranked "supergroup" in the Eukaryota.

Sequence analysis shows Amoebozoa is a monophyletic clade. Most phylogenetic trees identify it as the sister group to Opisthokonta. That is another major clade which contains both fungi and animals as well as some 300 species of unicellular protists. Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta are sometimes  grouped together in a high-level taxon, called Unikonta, Amorphea, or Opimoda.

Amoebozoa includes many of the best-known amoeboid organisms, such as _Chaos_, _Entamoeba_, _Pelomyxa_ and the genus _Amoeba_ itself.

Most are unicellular, and are common in soils and aquatic habitats. Some are symbionts of other organisms, including several pathogens.The Amoebozoa also include the mycetozoan slime moulds, multinucleate or multicellular forms which produce spores and can usually be seen by eye.

Nutrition is usually by phagocytosis. The cell surrounds food particles, sealing them into vacuoles where they are digested and absorbed. When food is scarce, most species form cysts, which may be carried by air to other places. In slime moulds, these structures are called spores, and form on stalked structures called fruiting bodies or sporangia.

Most Amoebozoa lack flagella and more generally do not form microtubule-supported structures except during mitosis. However, flagella occur among some archamoebae, and many slime moulds produce biflagellate gametes.

A characteristic form is the model organism _Dictyostelium discoideum_.
Phuntsok Wangyal

**Phuntsok Wangyal Goranangpa** or **Bapa Phuntsok Wangyal** (; January 1922 – 30 March 2014), better known as **Phuntsog Wangyal** and sometimes **Phünwang**, was a Tibetan politician. He was a communist and is best known for having founded the Tibetan Communist Party. For his activities, he was arrested by Chinese authorities and was jailed for eighteen years at the Qincheng Prison. He was born in Batang, in the province of Kham, eastern Tibet.

Wangyal died from lung failure on 30 March 2014 at a hospital in Beijing, China. He was 91 years old.

## Related pages

- List of Chinese writers

## Other websites

- Phuntsok Wangyal at Famous Birthdays
Cheste

**Cheste** is a municipality in the Province of Valencia, in the Valencian Community, Spain.

It has an area of 71.44 km² and a population of 8,879 people.

## Economy

Cheste's main industry is agriculture, specifically the vineyards. Cheste is also known for the MotoGP's Circuit Ricardo Tormo, built in 1999.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Cheste
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de Xest.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Spain Valencia
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: José Morell
- **area total km2**: 71.44
- **population total**: 8,879
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 124.3
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 46380
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 46109
Feodor Lynen

**Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen** ForMemRS (6 April 1911 – 6 August 1979) was a German biochemist.

He is best known for his discoveries with the mechanism and regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism". He shared the prize with Konrad Bloch.

He died in Munich, Germany on 6 August 1979 six weeks after he had an operation for an aneurysm. He was married to Eva Wieland, and they had five children.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen
- **image**: Feodor Lynen with pipette.jpg
- **birth date**: 6 April 1911
- **birth place**: Munich, German Empire
- **death place**: Munich, West Germany
- **nationality**: Germany, German
- **prizes**: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1964)
Fellow of the Royal Society
The Artist (movie)

***The Artist*** is a 2011 French romantic comedy-drama movie. It was produced by Thomas Langmann and was directed by Michel Hazanavicius. The Artist was first shown at the Cannes Film Festival on 15 May 2011 and was released on 12 October 2011 France.

The movie gained positive reviews from critics and hold a 98% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

The movie was nominated for 6 Golden Globes and won 3: Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Best Original Score, and Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Dujardin). The movie was also nominated for 10 Academy Awards and won 5: Best Picture (first French film to ever win Best Picture), Best Director for Hazanavicius, Best Actor for Dujardin (first French actor ever to win for Best Actor), Best Original Score, and Best Costume Design.

## Cast

- Jean Dujardin as George Valentin
- Bérénice Bejo as Peppy Miller
- Uggie as Jack (the dog)
- John Goodman as Al Zimmer
- James Cromwell as Clifton
- Missi Pyle as Constance
- Penelope Ann Miller as Doris Valentin
- Malcolm McDowell as The Butler
- Bitsie Tulloch as Norma
- Beth Grant as Peppy's maid
- Ed Lauter as Peppy's first chauffeur
- Jen Lilley as Onlooker
- Nina Siemaszko as Admiring woman
- Jewel Shepard as Flapper starlet
- Basil Hoffman as Auctioneer
- Ben Kurland as Casting assistant
- Ken Davitian as Pawnbroker
- Bill Fagerbakke as Policeman
- Matt Skollar as Peppy's assistant

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Artist
- **director**: Michel Hazanavicius
- **producer**: Thomas Langmann
- **writer**: Michel Hazanavicius
- **starring**: Jean Dujardin
Bérénice Bejo
- **music**: Ludovic Bource
- **cinematography**: Guillaume Schiffman
- **editing**: Anne-Sophie Bion
Michel Hazanavicius
- **distributor**: Warner Bros. (France)
The Weinstein Company (US/AUS)
Entertainment Film Distributors (UK)
- **studio**: La Petite Reine
ARP Sélection
Studio 37
La Class Americane
France 3 Cinema
U Film
Jouror Productions
JD Prod
Wild Bunch (film company), Wild Bunch
- **released**: 15 May 2011 (Cannes Film Festival, Cannes)
12 October 2011 (France)
- **runtime**: 100 minutes
- **language**: Silent
English intertitles
- **budget**: $15 million
- **gross**: $133,432,856
House of Lorraine

The **House of Lorraine** was a family who ruled the **Duchy of Lorraine** in modern day France. They later ruled the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Empress Maria Theresa of Austria was married to a Duke of Lorraine. Thus joined the house of Lorraine with the House of Habsburg. The House of Habsburg was very powerful.

The House of Lorraine, the main and now only remaining line known as Habsburg-Lorraine, is one of the most important and was one of the longest-reigning royal houses in the history of Europe. Currently the house is headed by Karl Habsburg-Lothringen, the titular Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Galicia and Lodomeria, Croatia, Illyria, as well as the titular King of Jerusalem.
Duchy of Lorraine

The **Duchy of Lorraine** was a former monarchy independent from France but in mainland France. It was also a State of the Holy Roman Empire.

The duchy was  given to a dethroned King of Poland and was dissolved in 1766. The members of the family frequently married into other French nobility such as Princesses of the French royal family. The capital of the duchy was Nancy.  Leopold I of Lorraine later moved the capital to the town of Lunéville. which was a renowned resort in the 18th century, known as the capital of Lorraine. The grand Château de Lunéville was built in 1702 for Leopold.  The Duke of Lorraine lived there until the duchy became part of France in 1766. The chateau was designed in the style of Versailles to satisfy Leopold's wife, Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, the niece of Louis XIV, and became known as the "Versailles of Lorraine". It includes a chapel designed by Germain Boffrand. Leopold and his wife were the parents of Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (through him they were the grandparents of Marie Antoinette).

## Important historical buildings

- Château de Lunéville a former royal residence.
- Ducal Palace of Nancy.
- The _Place Stanislas_. A large public square in Nancy built by an ex-king of Poland.
- _Château de Commercy_, a Château used by the last duchess of Lorraine.

Apart from the ducal family the _Beauvau_ family were very prominent in society holding much influence with the rulers of the duchy due to personal connections. The heads of the family were often titled the **Prince of Craon**
Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever

***Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever*** is a 2002 American action movie. It was produced by Chris Lee and Elie Samaha. The movie was directed by Wych Kaosayananda. Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever was released on September 20, 2002 in North America.

The movie gained strong negative reviews. It is considered one of the worst movies ever made and holds a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Rotten Tomatoes also ranked the movie #1 among "The Worst of the Worst" movie list in March 2007. The movie was a box office bomb and only regained $19.9 million of its $70 million budget.

## Cast

- Antonio Banderas as F.B.I. Agent Jeremiah Ecks
- Lucy Liu as Agent Sever
- Gregg Henry as DIA Director Robert Gant/Agent Clark
- Ray Park as A.J. Ross
- Talisa Soto as Rayne Gant/Vinn Ecks
- Miguel Sandoval as Julio Martin
- Terry Chen as Agent Harry Lee
- Roger R. Cross as Zane
- Sandrine Holt as Agent Bennett
- Steve Bacic as Agent Fleming
- Tony Alcantar as Edgar Moore
- David Palffy as Sleazy Man
- David Pearson as VPD Officer
- Norm Sherry as Ross Sniper
- Brian Drummond as VPD Officer
- Joel Kramer as Bus Driver
- John DeSantis as Bus Guard #2
- Charles Andre as Agent Addis
- Mike Dopud as DIA Agent
- Jonathan Kelly as the Da Feiji technology teacher
- Jet Li as Man in car (Uncredited)
- Aidan Drummond as Michael Gant
- Eric Breker as Agent Curtis
- David Parker as Dark Suit #1
- Josephine Jacob as Pretty Girl
- John McConnach as Escort Agent
- Ashley Kobayashi as Mali
- Lenora Wong as Harry's Wife
- Jim Filippone as DIA Pilot
- Justin Liu as the common Da Feiji master

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever
- **director**: Wych Kaosayananda
- **producer**: Chris Lee (producer), Chris Lee
Elie Samaha
- **writer**: Alan B. McElroy
- **starring**: Antonio Banderas
Lucy Liu
Gregg Henry
Ray Park
Talisa Soto
Terry Chen
- **music**: Don Davis (composer), Don Davis
- **cinematography**: Julio Macat
- **editing**: Jay Cassidy
Caroline Ross
- **distributor**: Warner Bros. Pictures
- **studio**: Franchise Pictures
- **released**: September 20, 2002
- **runtime**: 91 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $70 million
- **gross**: $19,924,033
Kate O'Mara

**Kate O'Mara** (10 August 1939 – 30 March 2014) was an English movie, stage and television actress. She was known for her role as Caress Morell in _Dynasty_. She also had a minor role in the British television series _Doctor Who_.

O'Mara died in Sussex, England from ovarian cancer, aged 74.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kate O'Mara
- **image**: Kate O'Mara.jpg
- **birth name**: Frances M. Carroll
- **birth place**: Leicester, Leicestershire, England, UK
- **death place**: Sussex, England, UK
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1963 – 2012
- **spouse**: (divorced)
 (divorced)
- **children**: Dickon Young (dead)
Christopher Linde
- **relatives**: Belinda Carroll (sister)
Richard Nelson Frye

**Richard Nelson Frye** (January 10, 1920 – March 27, 2014) was an American professor. He was the Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Harvard University. His professional areas of interest were Iranian philology and the history of Iran and Central Asia before 1000 CE.

Frye died in Boston, Massachusetts from natural causes, aged 94.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **image**: Frye Ghirshman.jpg
- **caption**: Frye and Ghirshman
- **birth name**: Richard Nelson Frye
- **birth place**: Birmingham, Alabama, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Boston, Massachusetts, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **fields**: Iranian studies
- **workplaces**: Goethe University Frankfurt
 University of Hamburg
 Shiraz University
 Tajik State National University
 Harvard University
- **alma mater**: University of Illinois
 Harvard University
- **academic advisors**: Arthur Pope
 Walter Bruno Henning
- **notable students**: Annemarie Schimmel
 Oleg Grabar
 Frank Huddle
 John Limbert
 Michael Crichton
- **awards**: Farabi International Award
 Khwarizmi International Award
- **spouse**: Eden Naby
Wendy Hughes

**Wendy Hughes** (29 July 1952 – 8 March 2014) was an Australian actress. She worked mostly in television and theatre. Hughes' career began in the mid-1970s. She also appeared in movies. Some of which includes _Newsfront_, _Kostas_, _My Brilliant Career_, _Lucinda Brayford_, and _Touch and Go_.

Hughes died in Sydney from cancer, aged 61.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Wendy Hughes
- **birth place**: Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia
- **death place**: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- **occupation**: Actress
- **children**: 2
Thompson Square

**Thompson Square** is a Nashville-based country music duo. The group began in 2002. They became famous in 2010. Hit songs include "Everything I Shouldn't be Thinking About" and "If I Didn't Have You".

The members of the group are Keifer and Shawna Thompson.
Paul C. Donnelly

**Paul Charles Donnelly** (March 28, 1923 - March 12, 2014) was an American guided missile pioneer and a senior NASA manager. He was the manager during the Apollo moon landing program at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Donnelly helped develop the U.S. Navy's Bat, the first "smart bomb" in the history of warfare. He was born in Altoona, Pennsylvania.

Donnelly died on March 12, 2014 in Melbourne, Florida, aged 90.
My Mad Fat Diary

***My Mad Fat Diary*** is a British comedy drama television series. It started on 14 January 2013 on E4. It is based on the book _My Fat, Mad Teenage Diary_ by Rae Earl. The second series started on 17 February 2014 and ended on 31 March 2014.

## Plot

The series is set in Stamford, Lincolnshire in 1996. It stars Sharon Rooney as an obese 16-year-old girl called Rae Earl. She has just left a psychiatric hospital after being there for four months.

## Cast

- Sharon Rooney as Rachel 'Rae' Earl (Bouchtat)
- Nico Mirallegro as Finn Nelson
- Claire Rushbrook as Linda Bouchtat, Rae's mum
- Ian Hart as Kester, Rae's therapist.
- Turlough Convery as Liam Owen (series 2)
André Lavagne

**André Lavagne** (12 July 1913 – 21 March 2014) was a French composer. He mostly worked on short movies, such as: _L'amour maternel chez les animaux _ (1944) and _Un amour de parapluie_ (1951). He was born in Paris.

Lavagne died from natural causes on 21 March 2014 in Paris. He was 100 years old.
Per Lillo-Stenberg

**Per Lillo-Stenberg** (21 June 1928 – 27 March 2014) was a Norwegian actor. His best known roles are in the movies _Olsenbanden gir seg aldri!_ (1981) and _Olsenbandens siste stikk_ (1999). He was born in Oslo. He and his wife Mette Lange-Nielsen had a son, Lars Lillo-Stenberg, a musician for deLillos.

Lillo-Stenberg died after a short illness on 27 March 2014 in Levanger. He was 85 years old.
Mark Mangino

**Mark Mangino** (born August 26, 1956) is an American football coach. In 2014, he became the offensive coordinator for the Iowa State Cyclones. Mangino is known mostly for his strict treatment of players. Mangino's most notable accomplishment is leading the Kansas Jayhawks to their best season (12-2) in school history in 2007.

## Infobox (college coach)

- **name**: Mark Mangino
- **image**: MarkMangino.jpg
- **caption**: Mangino in 2007
- **birth place**: New Castle, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Youngstown State University, Youngstown State
- **coach years1**: 1985–1986
- **coach team1**: Youngstown State Penguins football, Youngstown State (assistant)
- **coach years2**: 1987–1989
- **coach team2**: Geneva Golden Tornadoes football, Geneva (Offensive coordinator, OC/OL)
- **coach years3**: 1990
- **coach team3**: Lincoln High School (Ellwood City, Pennsylvania), Lincoln HS (PA)
- **coach years4**: 1991–1998
- **coach team4**: Kansas State Wildcats football, Kansas State (RGC)
- **coach years5**: 1999
- **coach team5**: Oklahoma Sooners football, Oklahoma (OL)
- **coach years6**: 2000–2001
- **coach team6**: Oklahoma (OC)
- **coach years7**: 2002–2009
- **coach team7**: Kansas Jayhawks football, Kansas
- **coach years8**: 2013
- **coach team8**: Youngstown State Penguins football, Youngstown State (AHC/TE)
- **coach years9**: 2014–2015
- **coach team9**: Iowa State Cyclones football, Iowa State (OC/TE)
- **overall record**: 50–48 (college)
- **bowl record**: 3–1
- **championships**: 2 Big 12 Conference, Big 12 North Division (2007)
 Orange Bowl (2007)
- **awards**: Frank Broyles Award (2000)
AFCA Coach of the Year (2007)
Associated Press College Football Coach of the Year Award, AP Coach of the Year (2007)
Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year (2007)
George Munger Award (2007)
The Home Depot Coach of the Year Award (2007)

Paul "Bear" Bryant Award (2007)

Sporting News College Football Coach of the Year, Sporting News Coach of the Year (2007)
Walter Camp Coach of the Year (2007)

Woody Hayes Coach of the Year (2007)
Big 12 Conference football individual awards#Coach of the Year, Big 12 Coach of the Year (2007)
Parazit

**Parazit** (, __, meaning "static") was a weekly half-hour Persian language satirical television show on Voice of America's Persian service. The show is a satire about Iranian politics. Kambiz Hosseini and Saman Arbabi started the show as a 10-minute show. It was influenced by the American satirical news show _The Daily Show_. Parazit was started before the June 2009 presidential elections in Iran. It became very popular in Iran. Many people watched it via illegal satellite dishes and internet. Its name comes from the Iranian government's repeated tries to jam foreign satellite programming. Because it is shown through unofficial channels, it is impossible to say how many people have seen it. However since January 2011, the show's YouTube channel is watched 45,000 times a week and its Facebook page is visited 17 million times a month.

## Other websites

- Facebook page
- Parazit Blog
- Photo essay

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Parazit.jpg
- **presenter**: Kambiz Hosseini
 Saman Arbabi
- **country**: United States
- **language**: Persian language, Persian
- **num seasons**: 3
- **executive producer**: Saman Arbabi
- **location**: Washington, D.C.
- **runtime**: 30 minutes
- **channel**: Voice of America, VOA Persian Service
Gibbs free energy

**Gibbs free energy** is the available energy in a chemical reaction. It was calculated by Josiah Willard Gibbs.

## Purpose

Systems have a tendency to achieve as low of a free energy state as possible. The Gibbs free energy number is how far away the current system is from this state. It is analogous to a number line, with zero being the final state. Scientists use Gibbs free energy to determine the energy in a system that can be used. A negative Gibbs number indicates that you can get energy out of the reaction. It is a favorable reaction, which means that the chemical reaction "wants" to move towards its lower state. A positive Gibbs number shows that you must put energy in to get energy out.

An example can be seen in respiration. The Gibbs value of one mole of glucose is -686kcal. This means that we can get 686 kcal of energy from one mole of glucose. This means if we put in energy in respiration, we can theoretically get 686 kcal out of the mole of glucose.

## Calculation

The equation for Gibbs free energy is _G(p,T)_ = _U_ + _pV_ − _TS._

This is often simplified as _G(p,T)_ = _H_ − _TS._

(For the second equation, _U + pV_ is replaced by _H_ because _H = U + pV)._

where:
- _U_ is the internal energy
- _p_ is pressure
- _V_ is Volume
- _T_ is the temperature
- _S_ is the entropy
- _H_ is the enthalpy
Nathan Phelps

**Nathan "Nate" Phelps** (born November 22, 1958) is an American-Canadian author, LGBT rights activist, and public speaker on the topics of religion and child abuse. He is the son of Westboro Baptist Church founder Fred Phelps. He left the church at 18 and permanently left in 1980. This was because of his different and mostly opposite beliefs of his father.

Phelps was born in Topeka, Kansas. He lives in Calgary, Alberta.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nate Phelps
- **image**: Nathan Phelps at QEDcon 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Phelps speaking at Merseyside Skeptics Society#QED: Question.2C Explore.2C Discover, QED, Manchester, Manchester, UK in 2014.
- **birth place**: Topeka, Kansas, U.S.
- **nationality**: Canadians, Canadian
- **known for**: LGBT rights activist, Calgary branch director for the Centre for Inquiry Canada, son of former Westboro Baptist Church pastor Fred Phelps
- **parents**: Fred Phelps
- **relatives**: Shirley Phelps-Roper (sister)
- **children**: 6 (3 step children)
Otomedius Excellent

is an Xbox 360 game. It is a sequel to the 2008 game _Otomedius G (Gorgeous!)_ by Konami, a spin-off of the _Gradius_ series. _Otomedius Excellent_ features female characters representing different Konami franchises riding on vehicles or with flying armor. It was released in April 21, 2011 in Japan and in North America on November 8, 2011.
Lys Assia

**Lys Assia** (born **Rosa Mina Schärer**; 3 March 1924– 24 March 2018) was a Swiss singer. Assia is best known for being the first winner of the Eurovision Song Contest. She has represented Switzerland in Eurovision three times.

## Life

Rosa Mina Schärer was born on March 3 1924 in Rupperswil, Aargau, Switzerland.

When Assia was a young girl she was a dancer. In 1940, however, she stood in for a female singer.

Lys Assia married Johann Heinrich Kunz on 11 January 1957 in Zürich. Kunz died just nine months later due to illness. In 1963, she married Danish businessman Oscar Pedersen, who died in 1995.

Assia died on 24 March 2018 at Zurich's Zollikerberg Hospital.

## Eurovision Song Contest

Representing Switzerland, Assia won the first Eurovision Song Contest in 1956<nowiki/>with the song "Refrain". She returned to the Contest in both 1957 and 1958, finishing 8th in 1957 and was the runner-up in 1958.

In 2005, Lys Assia took part in a celebration of Eurovision's 50-year anniversary. In 2009, she presented the trophy to that year's winner, Alexander Rybak.Assia tried to represent Switzerland at Eurovision once again in both 2012 and 2013, but was unsuccessful both times. However, she attended the 2012 Contest as a special guest.

In 2015, at age 91, Assia attended Eurovision's 60th anniversary celebration. This was her last public appearance.

## Other websites

- Official homepage

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Lys Assia
- **image**: Lys Assia (1957).jpg
- **caption**: Lys Assia (1957)
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Rosa Mina Schärer
- **death place**: Zürich, Switzerland
- **origin**: Aargau, Switzerland
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1942–2018
Molar concentration

**Molar concentration**, or **molarity**, or simply concentration, is a term in chemistry, and its physical chemistry branch. It measures the moles of solute in a given volume of a solution or mixture.

In chemistry, the **molar concentration**,  is defined as the amount of a constituent  (usually measured in moles – hence the name) divided by the volume of the mixture :

The volume  in the definition  refers to the volume of the solution, _not_ the volume of the solvent. One litre of a solution usually contains either slightly more or slightly less than 1 litre of solvent because when a substance dissolves in a solvent it causes volume of liquid to increase or decrease.

The reciprocal quantity represents the dilution (volume) which can appear in Ostwald's law of dilution.

## Other websites

- Molarity -Citizendium
John S. Wold

**John Schiller Wold** (August 31, 1916 – February 19, 2017) was an American politician. He was a Republican. He served a term in the United States House of Representatives for Wyoming from 1969 to 1971. He was also a business person and geologist.

Wold was born in East Orange, New Jersey. He grew up in Watertown, Connecticut.  During World War II, he was a consulting physicist and gunnery officer for the U.S. Navy. He turned 100 in 2016.

## Other websites

- John S. Wold at Our Campaigns

## Infobox (congressman)

- **name**: John S. Wold
- **image name**: John S. Wold.jpg
- **birth place**: East Orange, New Jersey, East Orange, New Jersey, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Casper, Wyoming, Casper, Wyoming, U.S.
- **occupation**: Business person, geologist
- **alma mater**: Union College, Cornell University
- **state**: Wyoming
- **district**: Wyoming's At-large congressional district, At-large
- **term start**: January 3, 1969
- **term end**: January 3, 1971
- **preceded**: William H. Harrison (Wyoming Congressman), William Henry Harrison
- **succeeded**: Teno Roncalio
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
Basement (geology)

In geology, the terms **basement** and **crystalline basement** are used to define the rocks below a sedimentary platform or cover. "The surface beneath which no sedimentary rock is found".

More generally, it is any rock below sedimentary rocks or sedimentary basins that are metamorphic or igneous in origin. In the same way the sediments and/or sedimentary rocks on top of the basement can be called a "cover" or "sedimentary cover".
Yosef Hamadani Cohen

**Yosef Hamadani Cohen** (; born 1916 – 29 March 2014) was an Iranian Jewish religious leader. He was the chief rabbi of the Jewish people in Iran from January 1994 until his death. Before this, he was the rabbi of Yusef Abad Synagogue.

Cohen died after a long illness on 29 March 2014 in Tehran over Shabbat. He was 98 years old.
Saman Arbabi

**Saman Arbabi** (; born 1973) is an Iranian-American journalist, caricaturist, television host, fashion designer, and television producer. He was the creator and executive producer of the satirical television show _Parazit_. He was born in Tehran, Iran in 1973. He moved to France in 1984, and then he moved to the United States in 1986. He has a Bachelor of Science in Communications from the University of Maryland.

## Other websites

- Edeaa, directed by Saman Arbabi
- Demokracy, directed by Saman Arbabi
- Saman Arbabi's Reel
- Parazit's Press Reel
- Saman Arbabi's Twitter feed
- Saman Arbabi's Facebook page
- Saman Arbabi's Instagram page

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Saman Arbabi
- **image**: Saman Arbabi.jpg
- **caption**: Voice of America's Saman Arbabi on location in Lebanon in 2006.
- **birth date**: 1973
- **birth place**: Tehran, Iran
- **nationality**: Iranian
- **known for**: _Parazit_, _OnTen_
- **occupation**: TV host
Platypterygius

***Platypterygius*** ('flat flipper)' is an ichthyosaur of the family Ophthalmosauridae. It was the last surviving ichthyosaur.

## Discovery and species

Fossils are known from Australia, Russia, United States of America, Colombia, Western Europe and possibly New Zealand. There are seven named species. Both adults and juveniles have been unearthed, including newborns and pregnant females. Like other ichthyosaurs, _Platypterygius_ gave live birth.

## Palaeobiology

_Platypterygius_ reached a length of about 7 m (23 ft). It had a long snout and a powerful finned tail. There are more digits in the front flippers than is usual in ichthyosaurs; they are tightly bound in rows, giving a broad, flat appearance. This unusual characteristic gives the genus its name, meaning 'flat wing.' Furthermore, some of the wrist bones have disappeared entirely. CAT scans on a juvenile specimen strongly suggest that _Platypterygius_ was deaf.

## Extinction

_Platypterygius_ became extinct during the Upper Cretaceous, about 30 million years before the K/T extinction event. There was an ocean anoxic event at the Cenomanian–Turonian stage boundary. The deeper layers of the seas became anoxic and poisoned by hydrogen sulphide (H<sub>2</sub>S). As life died off in the lower (benthos) levels of the sea, so did the predators at the top of the food chain. The last pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs became extinct.<sup>p251</sup>

No firm reasons can be given for the decline of the ichthyosaurs. By the Cretaceous they certainly had more competitors than in the Triassic, and more elusive prey. The adaptive radiation of teleost fish meant their new prey were fast swimming and highly evasive. The teleosts also included fast-swimming predatory fish, which must have been competitors. The anoxic event would have removed much of the plankton at the base of the food chain. That would certainly result in the extinction of many larger predatory forms of life.

## References

- Long, J.A., _Dinosaurs of Australia and New Zealand_, UNSW Press, Australia 1998
Carter L. Stevenson

**Carter L. Stevenson** was a career military officer. He served in the United States Army in the American Civil War.
Pitikwahanapiwiyin

**Pitikwahanapiwiyin** was a Native American leader. Born in 1842 near Battleford Saskatchewan. He was a chief of the plains Cree tribe. He was known to English speakers as Chief Poundmaker. He helped end a long war between the two nations; the Cree and the Blackfoot. To seal the peace between the two tribes he became the adopted son of the Blackfoot chief Crowfoot.
Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing

The **Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing** (also known as the **Ironworkers Memorial Bridge** and **Second Narrows Bridge**) is the second bridge that crosses over the Burrard Inlet. It goes from Vancouver to north shore of Burrard Inlet (includes District of North Vancouver, the City of North Vancouver, and West Vancouver).

It began construction in 1957. On June 17, 1958, when one of the cranes was stretching from the north side of the bridge to join the two chords of the unfinished arch, several of the spans collapsed. This caused 79 workers to fall 30 metres (100 ft) into the water. 18 of them were killed either instantly or shortly after, possibly drowned by their heavy tool belts. When a diver went down to search for the bodies, he drowned and that brought the total of deaths for the collapse to 19. The bridge opened on August 25, 1960 and was renamed the **Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing** in 1994 to honour the workers that had died in the collapse.

## Infobox (bridge)

- **bridge name**: Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Bridge
- **official name**: Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing
- **image**: Ironworkers_Memorial_Bridge_Vancouver_BC.jpg
- **carries**: Six lanes of British Columbia Highway 1, pedestrians and bicycles
- **crosses**: Burrard Inlet
- **locale**: Vancouver
North Vancouver, British Columbia (district municipality), District of North Vancouver
- **maint**: British Columbia Ministry of Transportation
- **design**: Truss bridge, Truss/cantilever bridge
- **designer**: Swan, Wooster and Partners
- **material**: Steel
- **begin**: 1957
- **open**: August 25, 1960
- **traffic**: 117,854 (2016)