juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Inflow (meteorology)

**Inflow** is the flow of a fluid into a large collection of that fluid. In meteorology, inflow normally means the influx (entry) of warmth and moisture from air within the Earth's atmosphere into storm systems.  Extratropical cyclones are created by inflow focused along their cold front and warm fronts.  Tropical cyclones need a large inflow of warmth and moisture from warm oceans to become very powerful, mainly within the lowest  of the atmosphere.  Once the thunderstorms and their associated tornadoes do not get the flow of warm and moist air, the storms begin to dissipate.

## Related pages

- Outflow (meteorology)
Hurricane Bob (1985)

**Hurricane Bob** was a hurricane that affected the southeast United States in July 1985. It was the second tropical storm and first hurricane of the 1985 Atlantic hurricane season. The system developed from a tropical wave on July 21 in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Bob began moving east. It struck southwestern Florida as a weak tropical storm. The storm then turned to the north. It quickly became more intense and was promoted to hurricane status on July 24. The next day, it made landfall near Beaufort, South Carolina. It became one of a record-tying six hurricanes to hit the United States during a single season. Bob quickly weakened over land. It was absorbed by a frontal trough over eastern West Virginia on July 26.

Bob caused $20 million in damage and five indirect deaths. In Florida, the storm produced heavy rainfall. It peaked at over  in Everglades City. In most areas, the rainfall was beneficial due to dry conditions that had persisted throughout the year. Damage was minimal in South Carolina, where the hurricane made its final landfall. In Virginia, the storm spawned three tornadoes, one of which destroyed two houses.

## Other websites

- National Hurricane Center Preliminary Report on Hurricane Bob

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Bob
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 1985
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Hurricane Bob (1985).JPG
- **image name**: Bob approaching South Carolina as a Category 1 hurricane
- **alt**: Satellite image of hurricane near the United States. Florida is depicted at the center of the image.
- **1-min winds**: 65
- **pressure**: 1002
- **damages**: 20
- **inflated**: 1
- **fatalities**: 5 indirect
- **areas**: Florida, Southeast United States, Mid-Atlantic states, Mid-Atlantic, southern New England
- **hurricane season**: 1985 Atlantic hurricane season
Whenever, Wherever

**"Whenever, Wherever"** is the debut English-language single for Latin music artist Shakira. Taken off of her first English-language album _Laundry Service_ it was released in late 2001. She also recorded a Spanish-language version of the song titled "Suerte". It was the best-selling song of 2001. The video won the 2002 Latin Grammy Award for "Best Short Form Music Video". The song was written by Shakira and Gloria Estefan.
Laundry Service

***Laundry Service*** is the fifth studio album by Latin music artist Shakira. It was Shakira's first album in English. It was released in late 2001, preceded by the first single "Whenever, Wherever". Other singles after that included "Underneath Your Clothes" and "Objection (Tango)". It has sold more than 13 million copies.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Laundry Service
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Shakira
- **released**: 13 November 2001
- **recorded**: 2000–2001
- **studio**: *Crescent Moon (Miami)
*Criteria Studios, Criteria (Miami)
*Compass Point Studios, Compass Point (Nassau, Bahamas)
- **genre**: Pop rock, psychedelic rock, latin pop, soft rock, rock en espanol, surf rock, Rock music, rock, dance-pop, worldbeat, arabic music, tango, New wave music, new wave, alternative rock
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **prev title**: MTV Unplugged (Shakira album), MTV Unplugged
- **prev year**: 2000
- **next title**: Grandes Éxitos (Shakira album), Grandes Éxitos
- **next year**: 2002
Jeff Saturday

**Jeffrey Bryant Saturday** (born June 18, 1975) is an American former professional football center. and coach. He played 14 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Indianapolis Colts and Green Bay Packers. He was hired as a head coach for Indianapolis Colts and coached them for the last 8 weeks of the 2022 NFL season after Frank Reich was fired. He played college football at North Carolina. He was first signed by the Baltimore Ravens as an undrafted free agent in 1998, but was released. He signed with the Indianapolis Colts, where he stayed through 2011. Saturday earned a Super Bowl ring when Indianapolis beat the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XLI.

On March 7, 2013, Saturday signed a one-day contract with Colts and retired from playing professional football. On September 21, 2015, Saturday was inducted into the Colts Ring of Honor.

## Other websites

- Profile on NFL.com

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **name**: Jeff Saturday
- **image**: Jeff Saturday 2022 (cropped).jpg
- **image size**: 250
- **caption**: Saturday during Ring of Honor induction ceremony on October 30, 2022
- **number**: 63
- **position**: Center (American football), Center
- **birth place**: Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lbs**: 295
- **high school**: Shamrock High School (Tucker, Georgia), Tucker (GA) Shamrock
- **college**: North Carolina Tar Heels football, North Carolina
- **undraftedyear**: 1998
- **pastteams**: * Baltimore Ravens ()*
* Indianapolis Colts (–)
* Green Bay Packers ()
- **pastteamsnote**: yes
- **highlights**: * Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl XLI, XLI)
* 6× Pro Bowl (2006 Pro Bowl, 2005–2008 Pro Bowl, 2007, 2010 Pro Bowl, 2009, 2011 Pro Bowl, 2010, 2013 Pro Bowl, 2012)
* 2× First-team All-Pro (2005 All-Pro Team, 2005, 2007 All-Pro Team, 2007)
* 2× Second-team All-Pro (2006 All-Pro Team, 2006, 2009 All-Pro Team, 2009)
* National Football League Alumni, NFL Alumni Offensive Lineman of the Year (2007)
* Indianapolis Colts Ring of Honor (2015)
* 2× First-team All-Atlantic Coast Conference, ACC (1996, 1997)
- **statlabel1**: Games played
- **statvalue1**: 211
- **statlabel2**: Games started
- **statvalue2**: 202
- **statlabel3**: Fumbles recovered
- **statvalue3**: 9
- **nfl**: SAT652599
- **pfr**: SatuJe55
Underneath Your Clothes

**"Underneath Your Clothes"** is the second English-language single released by Latin music artist Shakira. It is taken off of her album _Laundry Service_ following the massive success of "Whenever, Wherever". The song was released as a single in early 2002.
Salle Le Peletier

The **Salle Le Peletier** (sometimes referred to as the **Salle de la rue Le Peletier** or the **Opéra Le Peletier**) was the home of the Paris Opera from 1821 until the building was destroyed by fire in 1873. The theatre was designed and constructed by the architect François Debret on the site of the former Hôtel de Choiseul. Due to the many changes in government and management during the theatre's existence, it had a number of different official names, the most important of which were: Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique (1821–1848), Opéra-Théâtre de la Nation (1848–1850), Théâtre de l'Académie Nationale de Musique (1850–1852), Théâtre de l'Académie Impériale de Musique (1852–1854), Théâtre Impérial de l'Opéra (1854–1870), and Théâtre National de l'Opéra (1870–1873).

## References

- Notes

- Sources
- Barbier, Patrick (1995). _Opera in Paris, 1800–1850: A Lively History_.  Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. .
- Fauser, Annegret, editor; Everist, Mark, editor (2009). _Music, theater, and cultural transfer. Paris, 1830–1914_. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. .
- Loewenberg, Alfred (1978). _Annals of Opera 1597–1940_ (third edition, revised). Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield. .
- Mead, Christopher Curtis (1991). _Charles Garnier's Paris Opera_. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. .
- Pitou, Spire (1983). _The Paris Opéra: an encyclopedia of operas, ballets, composers, and performers_ (3 volumes). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwod Press. .
- Simeone, Nigel (2000). _Paris: a musical gazateer_. Yale University Press. .

## Other websites

- Opéra National de Paris
- Notes on the Académie Royale de Musique from the Scholarly Societies Project
Darmstadt University of Technology

The **Darmstadt University of Technology** (; TUD) is a university in Darmstadt, in Germany. It is the largest technical university in the state of Hesse and one of the largest technical universities in Germany with around 25,000 students.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Darmstadt University of Technology
- **established**: 1877
- **type**: Public
- **rector**: Tanja Brühl
- **staff**: 4,122
- **students**: 25,021
- **city**: Darmstadt
- **country**: Germany
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban
- **affiliations**: Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research, CESAER
- **website**: [http://www.tu-darmstadt.de/ www.tu-darmstadt.de]
Carlotta Grisi

**Carlotta Grisi** (June 28, 1819 – May 20, 1899) was an Italian ballet dancer. She was famous for creating the role of _Giselle_.

## Early life

Grisi was born in Visinada, Istria (now part of Croatia).  Her real name was **Caronne Adele Josephine Marie Grisi**.  She was trained at the ballet school of Teatro alla Scala in Milan.

## Europe

At her 1836 debut in London, Grisi danced with Jules Perrot. She next appeared in Paris at the Théâtre de la Renaissance in 1840. A year later, she toured with Perrot to Paris, London, Vienna, Munich, and Milan. By dancing Perrot's choreography, she gained both public and critical acclaim.

Her greatest role was Giselle.  The world première of this two-act ballet was on June 28, 1841 at the Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique, Paris. The ballet  caused a sensation. It inspired reviewers to proclaim _Giselle_ to be the greatest ballet of its time. The ballet immediately established Grisi as a star in her very first full-length ballet in Paris. Her salary grew from 5,000 francs to 12,000 in 1842 and 20,000 by 1844, with additional performance fees on top. It also marked the beginning of a change in her relationship with Jules Perrot. Grisi's last performance in the west was in Paul Taglioni's _Les Métamorphoses_ (aka _Satanella_, 1849).

## Russia

In 1850, she joined Perrot in St. Petersburg, Russia. He had been appointed balletmaster to the Imperial Ballet. She danced _Giselle_ at the Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre. The first Giselle in Russia had been danced by Fanny Elssler. The initial reaction to Grisi's interpretation of the role was not enthusiastic. Over time, the Russians came to appreciate her talents. She was _Prima Ballerina_ of the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres in St. Petersburg from 1850 to 1853. She worked with Perrot and also Joseph Mazilier.

## Retirement and death

In 1854, she left Russia for Warsaw with her daughter. She intended to continue dancing. She became pregnant by Prince Léon Radziwill. He persuaded her to retire from ballet.  Grisi gave birth to her second daughter, Léontine Grisi. She settled in Saint-Jean, Geneva, to spend the next forty-six years of her life in peaceful retirement. She died in Saint Jean on May 20, 1899. Her tomb is located in _Cimetière de Châtelaine_. One of _Giselle_'s creators, Théophile Gautier described her dancing as having a childlike artlessness, a happy and infectious gaiety.

## Other websites

- Andros on Ballet - Carlotta Grisi
- Carlotta Grisi in _Giselle_
- Prominent Istrians, Carlotta Grisi
Romantic ballet

The **Romantic ballet** is a genre of ballet that evolved in the early 19th century as a reaction against the classicism that dominated 18th century art and literature. Balletomanes of the early nineteenth century were bored with stories about ancient gods and goddesses, plots based on myths, and ancient costumes. They wanted ballets about real people and real places. _Pointe_ work became artistic expression rather than  stunt work, and the long, white, ballet skirt of tulle was introduced. Both produced the illusion of ethereal weightlessness. Gas lighting made it possible to create special dimming effects and wires enabled ballerinas to "fly".

The romantic era in ballet began with _The Ballet of the Nuns_ in 1831 and was followed by _La Sylphide_ in 1832. The genre began a slow decline. _Coppélia_ of 1870 is said to mark the end of the romantic ballet, although the three ballets composed by Tchaikovsky are romantic ballets. Tchaikovsky's _Swan Lake_ of 1876 is considered a romantic ballet. Even his _The Nutcracker_ of 1892 is a romantic ballet. Michel Fokine's _Les Sylphides_ of 1906 is considered a tribute to the romantic ballet in its atmosphere and tone.

Romantic ballets have four things in common: they are not about mythological gods and goddesses; they show local or national color in costumes, settings, and dances such as mazurkas and waltzes; a supernatural, fantastic, exotic, or spiritual element is usually prominent; and ballet technique is a focus, especially _pointe_ work for the ballerina.

## Sources

- Kant, Marion (Ed.) (2007). _The Cambridge Companion to the Ballet_. Cambridge UP.
Bolte Bridge

The **Bolte Bridge** is a large twin cantilever bridge in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The Bolte Bridge carries a total of 8 lanes of traffic - 4 lanes northbound and 4 lanes southbound. While officially only 490 metres in length, the actual structure appears much longer as it forms part of a 5 kilometre elevated roadway between Flemington Road and the West Gate Freeway, making it the longest bridge (by definition) in Australia. It crosses the Yarra River and Victoria Harbour in the Docklands area to the west of the Melbourne CBD. It forms part of the CityLink system of toll roads that joins the Tullamarine Freeway from the northern suburbs with the West Gate Freeway and the Domain and Burnley tunnels to the Monash Freeway and the south eastern suburbs.

## Construction

The bridge was designed by architects Denton Corker Marshall. It was built for Transurban by Baulderstone Hornibrook,  from 1996–1999 and cost AU$75 million. It was named by Jeff Kennett, for former Premier of Victoria, Sir Henry Bolte because it linked the West Gate, Monash and Tullamarine Freeways - projects planned or completed by the Bolte Government.

It is one of the largest balanced cantilever cast in situ box girder bridges in Australia. It is built as two separate bridges of variable depth, prestressed concrete box girders, separated by a  gap between the structures.

The bridge has two  high silver towers. These are on either side of the roadway at the middle of the bridge's span. These two towers are only for show, and are not joined to the main body of the bridge. The towers are hollow, and have ladders leading to a small roof top hatch. The Bolte Bridge has four spans with two main spans of  and side spans of . The total length of the bridge is . The twin bridge has two  wide decks, each with three lanes of vehicles. There is no access for cyclists or pedestrians.

Other bridges in Australia built in the same way are the Gateway Bridge, Brisbane and Mooney Mooney Bridge near Gosford, north of Sydney.

## Other websites

- Video of Formula One driver Mark Webber driving over the Bolte Bridge in 2011
- Denton Corker Marshall Profile

## Infobox (bridge)

- **bridge name**: Bolte Bridge
- **image**: Boltebridge.jpg
- **caption**: View of the bridge from the bank of the Yarra River
- **carries**: 8 lanes (4 inbound, 4 outbound)
- **crosses**: Yarra River
- **locale**: Melbourne, Australia
- **maint**: Transurban
- **design**: Cantilever bridge, Cantilever
- **mainspan**: 173 metres
- **length**: 5000 metres
- **width**: 15.35 metres
- **below**: Approx 25 metres
- **traffic**: Approx 50,000
- **open**: 16 August 1999
- **toll**: Australian dollar, A$2.09  (one way)
Norm (mathematics)

In mathematics, the **norm** of a vector is its length. A **vector** is a mathematical object that has a size, called the _magnitude_, and a direction. For the real numbers, the only norm is the absolute value. For spaces with more dimensions, the norm can be any function  with the following three properties:
1. Scales for real numbers , that is, .
1. Function of sum is less than sum of functions, that is,  (also known as the triangle inequality).
1. if and only if .

## Definition

For a vector , the associated norm is written as , or L where  is some value. The value of the norm of  with some length  is as follows:

The most common usage of this is the Euclidean norm, also called the standard distance formula.

## Examples

1. The one-norm is the sum of absolute values:  This is like finding the distance from one place on a grid to another by summing together the distances in all directions the grid goes; see Manhattan Distance.
1. Euclidean norm (also called L2-norm) is the sum of the squares of the values:
1. Maximum norm is the maximum absolute value:
1. When applied to matrices, the Euclidean norm is referred to as the Frobenius norm.
1. L0 norm is the number of non-zero elements present in a vector.

## Related pages

- Magnitude (mathematics)
1991 Bangladesh cyclone

The **Bangladesh Cyclone of 1991** was an extremely devastating super cyclonic storm. On the evening of Monday, April 29, 1991 a strong super cyclonic storm struck the Chittagong area of southeastern Bangladesh with winds around 155 mph. The storm killed over 138,000 people and caused $1.5 billion in destruction. The cyclone left almost ten million homeless.
Akashi Kaikyō Bridge

The , also known as the **Pearl Bridge**, is the world's longest suspension bridge.

Akashi-Kaikyō connects the island of Honshu with Awaji Island in the Seto Inland Sea.  The bridge is part of the Honshu-Shikoku Highway which allows automobiles to cross the Akashi Strait.

## History

The construction of the bridge began in May 1988.  The bridge was opened on April 5, 1998.

The cost of building the bridge is estimated at 500 billion yen.

## Other websites

- Structurae, Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

## Infobox (bridge)

- **bridge name**: Akashi Kaikyō Bridge
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Akashi Bridge.JPG
- **caption**: Akashi Kaikyō Bridge from the air, December 2005
- **also known as**: Pearl Bridge
- **carries**: Six lanes of the  Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway and four emergency lanes
- **crosses**: Akashi Strait
- **locale**: Awaji Island and Kobe
- **maint**: Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Expressway Company, Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Expressway Company Limited
(JB Honshi Kōsoku)
- **design**: Suspension bridge
- **designer**: Satoshi Kashima
- **mainspan**: <span style="white-space:nowrap"></span>
- **length**: <span style="white-space:nowrap"></span>
- **height**: (pylons)
- **begin**: 1988
- **complete**: 1998
- **open**: April 5, 1998
- **toll**: ¥2,300
Chittagong

**Chittagong** (officially called **Chattogram** or **Chattagram**) is a city in southeast Bangladesh near the Karnaphuli River. The city is the capital of the Chittagong district and division. The city has around 5.5 million people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Chittagong
- **other name**: Chattogram
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: _The Queen of Eastern Bengal_, _Commercial Capital of Bangladesh_
- **image skyline**: Top view of Nasirabad Zakir Hossain Road (1).jpg
- **pushpin map**: Bangladesh
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Chittagong in Bangladesh
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Chittagong Division
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **subdivision name2**: Chittagong District
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–Council
- **leader title**: Mayor, City Mayor
- **leader name**: A J M Nasir Uddin
- **established title**: Establishment
- **established date**: 1340
- **established title2**: Granted city status
- **established date2**: 1863
- **area total km2**: 168.07
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 2581643
- **population metro**: 4009423
- **population blank1 title**: Demonym
- **population blank1**: Chittagongians
- **timezone**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset**: +6
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Bangladesh, Postal code
- **postal code**: 4000
- **blank2 name**: Telephone numbers in Bangladesh, Calling code
- **blank2 info**: 31
- **website**: [http://www.ccc.org.bd/ Chittagong City Corporation]
Gamekeeper

A **gamekeeper** is a person who manages an area of countryside to make sure there is enough game for shooting, or fish for angling. He actively manages areas of woodland, moorland, waterway or farmland for the benefit of game birds, deer, fish and wildlife in general.

In the UK, a gamekeeper is typically employed by a landowner. He ofen works on a country estate. It is his job to prevent poaching, and to rear and release game birds such as pheasants and partridge. He eradicates pests, encourages and manages grouse, and controls predators such as foxes. He manages habitats to suit game, and monitors the health of the game.

## Other websites

- Gamekeeping as a career - BASC
- National Gamekeeper's Organisation
Seishiro Shimatani

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography

Shimatani was born in Kyoto on November 6, 1938. After graduating from Kansai University, he joined Furukawa Electric in 1961. In 1965, Furukawa Electric joined new league Japan Soccer League and he played in 1 season in the league. After he left the club, he played for his local club Kyoto Shiko Club.

On January 11, 1959, when Shimatani was a Kansai University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Singapore.

Shimatani managed his local club Kyoto Shiko Club (later _Kyoto Purple Sanga_) in 1972. 1972 season is first season Kyoto Shiko Club was promoted to new division, Japan Soccer League Division 2 from Japanese Regional Leagues. He managed until 1974. In 1977, he managed for Kyoto Shiko Club again. However, in 1978 season, the club was relegated to Regional Leagues. He resigned in 1978. In 1994, he signed with Kyoto Purple Sanga. He resigned in September.

On October 24, 2001, Shimatani died of cirrhosis in Kyoto at the age of 62.

## Statistics

|-
|1965||Furukawa Electric||JSL Division 1||8||2
8||2
8||2
|}

|-
|1959||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Seishiro Shimatani
- **fullname**: Seishiro Shimatani
- **birth place**: Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Kyoto, Japan
- **death place**: Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Kyoto, Japan
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 1954–1956
- **youthclubs1**: Yamashiro High School
- **youthyears2**: 1957–1960
- **youthclubs2**: Kansai University
- **years1**: 1961–1965
- **clubs1**: JEF United Chiba, Furukawa Electric
- **caps1**: 8
- **goals1**: 2
- **years2**: ????
- **clubs2**: Kyoto Sanga FC, Kyoto Shiko Club
- **totalcaps**: 8+
- **totalgoals**: 2+
- **nationalyears1**: 1959
- **nationalteam1**: Japan national football team, Japan
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1972–1974
- **managerclubs1**: Kyoto Sanga FC, Kyoto Shiko Club
- **manageryears2**: 1977–1979
- **managerclubs2**: Kyoto Sanga FC, Kyoto Shiko Club
- **manageryears3**: 1994
- **managerclubs3**: Kyoto Sanga FC, Kyoto Purple Sanga
Tatsuya Shiji

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography

Shiji was born in Aichi Prefecture on October 20, 1938. When he was a Kwansei Gakuin University student, he won 1959 Emperor's Cup as a member of Kwangaku Club which was consisted of Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. After graduating from Kwansei Gakuin University, he played for his local club Toyota Motors.

On May 28, 1961, when Shiji was a Kwansei Gakuin University student, he debuted and scored a goal for the Japan national team against Malaya.

In 1965, Shiji became a manager for Toyota Motors. In 1966, the club joined Japanese Regional Leagues. He promoted the club to new division Japan Soccer League Division 2 in 1972 and Division 1 in 1973. He resigned in 1974.

## Statistics

|-
|1961||1||1
|-
!Total||1||1
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Tatsuya Shiji
- **fullname**: Tatsuya Shiji
- **birth place**: Aichi Prefecture, Aichi, Japan
- **position**: Forward
- **youthclubs1**: Atsuta High School
- **youthyears2**: 1958–1961
- **youthclubs2**: Kwansei Gakuin University
- **years1**: 1962–????
- **clubs1**: Nagoya Grampus, Toyota Motors
- **nationalyears1**: 1961
- **nationalteam1**: Japan national football team, Japan
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
- **manageryears1**: 1965–1974
- **managerclubs1**: Nagoya Grampus, Toyota Motors
Saburo Kawabuchi

is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team. He also managed the Japan national team.

## Biography

Kawabuchi was born in Takaishi on December 3, 1936. After graduating from Waseda University, he played for Furukawa Electric. In 1965, Furukawa Electric joined new league Japan Soccer League. In the initial league season, he was the first player to score a hat-trick, against Nagoya Mutual Bank. He retired in 1970. He played 68 games and scored 10 goals in the league.

On December 25, 1958, when Kawabuchi was a Waseda University student, he debuted and scored 2 goals for the Japan national team against Hong Kong. In 1962, he played at 1962 Asian Games. In 1964, he was selected Japan for 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. At 1964 Summer Olympics, he scored a goal in first match against Argentina. He also played at 1962 Asian Games. He played 26 games and scored 8 goals for Japan until 1965.

After retirement, Kawabuchi became a coach for Furukawa Electric in 1970. In 1973, he became a manager and managed until 1975. Just before 1982 World Cup qualification in December 1980, he was named manager for the Japan national team to replace Masashi Watanabe, who suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Kawabuchi managed Japan at 1982 World Cup qualification and managed until March 1981.

In 1991, he named inaugural chairman of the J.League is first professional league in Japan. In 1991, he also became a first chairman of J.League. In 2002, he resigned chairman of J.League and became 10th president of Japan Football Association as Shunichiro Okano successor. Kawabuchi served until 2008. He also served as president of Japan Basketball Association from May 2015 to June 2016.

In 2006, he received FIFA Order of Merit. In 2008, he was also selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

## Statistics

|-
|1965||rowspan="6"|Furukawa Electric||rowspan="6"|JSL Division 1||14||3
|-
|1966||14||4
|-
|1967||14||1
|-
|1968||14||1
|-
|1969||12||1
|-
|1970||0||0
68||10
68||10
|}

|-
|1958||2||2
|-
|1959||9||3
|-
|1960||1||0
|-
|1961||6||1
|-
|1962||6||2
|-
|1963||0||0
|-
|1964||0||0
|-
|1965||2||0
|-
!Total||26||8
|}

## Other websites

- Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Saburo Kawabuchi
- **image**: Saburō Kawabuchi 1964b.jpg
- **image size**: 200
- **caption**: Kawabuchi in 1964
- **fullname**: Saburo Kawabuchi
- **birth place**: Takaishi, Osaka, Takaishi, Osaka Prefecture, Osaka, Japan
- **position**: Forward
- **youthyears1**: 1952–1954
- **youthclubs1**: Mikunigaoka High School
- **youthyears2**: 1957–1960
- **youthclubs2**: Waseda University
- **years1**: 1961–1970
- **clubs1**: JEF United Chiba, Furukawa Electric
- **caps1**: 68
- **goals1**: 10
- **totalcaps**: 68
- **totalgoals**: 10
- **nationalyears1**: 1958–1965
- **nationalteam1**: Japan national football team, Japan
- **nationalcaps1**: 26
- **nationalgoals1**: 8
- **manageryears1**: 1973–1975
- **managerclubs1**: JEF United Chiba, Furukawa Electric
- **manageryears2**: 1980–1981
- **managerclubs2**: Japan national football team, Japan
Maribyrnong River Viaduct

The **Maribyrnong River Viaduct** (also known as the **Quarter Mile Bridge**) is a railway bridge across the Maribyrnong River in the western suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. It is near the E.J. Whitten Bridge, and is almost 400 metres long (hence the quarter mile name). The Albion-Jacana railway line uses the bridge, which is mainly used for freight. It also carries the Melbourne to Sydney NSW TrainLink XPT. It is the second highest bridge in Victoria, only behind the West Gate Bridge (58 metres). At a height of 180 feet (54.86 m) above the water, it is even higher than the Sydney Harbour Bridge (52 metres). The bridge is 1257 feet (383.13 m) long

It was built in 1927–29 by the Victorian Railways Construction Branch, being the largest trestle bridge in Australia when completed in June, 1929. It is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register and employed 200 people during construction, with one fatality.

## References

- City of Moonee Valley Gap Heritage Study

## Other websites

- Images from the construction of the bridge, 1928
Jeff Hornacek

**Jeffrey John Hornacek** (born May 3, 1963 in Elmhurst, Illinois) is a retired American basketball player. Hornacek played a total of 16 seasons in the NBA with the Phoenix Suns, Philadelphia 76ers and the Utah Jazz. He played college basketball at Iowa State. He retired from basketball in 2000 to spend more time with his family. His jersey number 14 was retired by the Utah Jazz.

## Other websites

- Jeff Hornacek's NBA bio

## Infobox (basketball biography)

- **name**: Jeff Hornacek
- **image**: Coach Jeff Hornacek (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Hornacek in March 2013
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lb**: 190
- **nationality**: American
- **birth place**: Elmhurst, Illinois
- **highschool**: Lyons Township High School, Lyons Township
(La Grange, Illinois)
- **college**: Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball, Iowa State (1982–1986)
- **draft year**: 1986
- **draft round**: 2
- **draft pick**: 46
- **draft team**: Phoenix Suns
- **career start**: 1986
- **career end**: 2000
- **coach start**: 2011
- **career position**: Shooting guard/ Point guard
- **career number**: 14
- **years1**: –
- **team1**: Phoenix Suns
- **years2**: –
- **team2**: Philadelphia 76ers
- **years3**: –
- **team3**: Utah Jazz
- **cyears1**: –
- **cteam1**: Utah Jazz (assistant)
- **cyears2**: –
- **cteam2**: Phoenix Suns
- **cyears3**: –
- **cteam3**: New York Knicks
- **highlights**: * List of NBA All-Stars, NBA All-Star ()
* 2× NBA All-Star Weekend Three-Point Shootout, NBA Three-Point Shootout champion (, )
* No. 14 Utah Jazz#Retired numbers, retired by Utah Jazz
* First-team All-Big Eight Conference, Big Eight (1986)
* No. 14 Iowa State Cyclones men's basketball#Retired Jerseys, retired by Iowa State Cyclones
- **stats league**: NBA
- **stat1label**: Point (basketball), Points
- **stat1value**: 15,659 (14.5 ppg)
- **stat2label**: Rebound (basketball), Rebounds
- **stat2value**: 3,646 (3.4 rpg)
- **stat3label**: Assist (basketball), Assists
- **stat3value**: 5,281 (4.9 apg)
- **bbr**: hornaje01
Cyclone Gonu

**Super Cyclonic Storm Gonu** was an extremely intense and very damaging storm. The cyclone was the most intense recorded tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea and the strongest named tropical cyclone recorded in the Indian Ocean. Gonu developed on June 1 2007 over the northwest Indian Ocean and then intensified to Category 5 levels. The storm then weakened and then struck eastern Oman on June 6, contributing to that region's worst modern natural disaster and causing around $4.2 billion in damage. The cyclone also struck Iran, causing $216 million in damage. Almost eighty people died from Cyclone Gonu.
Sargent and Greenleaf

**Sargent and Greenleaf** is a lock manufacturer. It is not to be confused with Assa Abloy's Sargent brand. Sargent and Greenleaf is well-known for their safe locks, although they also make other lock products including military-grade padlocks.
Marashiyan

**Marashiyan** or **Marashis** (in Mazandarani language: مرعشیون) is one of the Arab dynasties in Iran. Marashiyan ruled from 1359 to 1582 in Tabarestan (northern Iran). This is Islamic government. Mirbozorg is founder of the Marashiyans.

## References

- Marʿas̲h̲is
Henry IV

**Henry IV** could mean:
- Henry IV of England (1367–1413), English king
- _Henry IV, Pt. 1_, a play by William Shakespeare
- _Henry IV, Pt. 2_, a play by William Shakespeare, sequel to the one above
- Henry IV of France (1553–1610), French king
- Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1050–1106), German king and Holy Roman Emperor
- Henry IV Probus (c. 1258–1290), a Silesian duke
Jonathan Nolan

**Jonathan Nolan** (born 6 June 1976) is a British-American author and screenwriter. He is the brother of movie director Christopher Nolan. Jonathan Nolan's story _Memento Mori_ was made into a critically acclaimed movie _Memento_. He has also co-written screenplays for  _The Prestige_ and _The Dark Knight Trilogy_, with his brother. In movie credits, his name has appeared as Jonah.

## Early life

He was born in London, England, to an English father and American mother. He was raised in the Chicago area. Nolan attended Loyola Academy in Illinois. He graduated from there in 1994, and then graduated from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., in 1999. In this university, he studied English and was a staff writer for _The Hoya_.

His brother, Christopher, speaks with a British English accent, but Jonathan speaks with an American English accent.

## Career

Nolan tells about successful work relationship with his brother in the production notes of _The Prestige_: "I’ve always suspected that it has something to do with the fact that he’s left-handed and I’m right-handed, because he’s somehow able to look at my ideas and flip them around in a way that’s just a little bit more twisted and interesting. It’s great to be able to work with him like that."

On March 23, 2007, it was announced he would pen _Interstellar_, a science fiction film. It is based on the theories of Kip Thorne, a theoretical physicist who is known for his theories in gravitation physics and astrophysics and for having trained a generation of scientists. The film was first reported to be directed by Steven Spielberg and eventually settled with Christopher Nolan as director and is released in 2014.

Nolan worked on _The Dark Knight Rises_. It is the third Batman movie in _The Dark Knight Trilogy_.

On February 10, 2011, Nolan's TV pilot _Person of Interest_ had been picked up by CBS and plan was to make it in a TV show. The show was officially picked up by CBS on May 13, 2011, and will star Michael Emerson, Jim Caviezel, and Taraji P. Henson. It will be produced by J. J. Abrams. His company Bad Robot Productions will produce it. Nolan will be the executive producer.

## Works of fiction

- _"Memento Mori" (2001 Short Story) the basis of _Memento_
- _The Prestige_ (2006) - screenplay (with Christopher Nolan)
- _The Dark Knight_ (2008) - screenplay (with Christopher Nolan)
- _Person Of Interest_ (TV Series 2011–2016) - creator/writer
- _The Dark Knight Rises'' (2012) - screenplay (with Christopher Nolan)

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Jonathan Nolan
- **image**: Jonathan Nolan.jpg
- **birth name**: Jonathan Nolan
- **birth place**: London, United Kingdom
- **occupation**: Screenwriter, film producer
- **citizenship**: United Kingdom
United States
- **period**: 1998–present
- **genre**: Crime fiction, Crime, Thriller
- **relatives**: Christopher Nolan (brother)
John Nolan (actor), John Nolan (uncle)
Afrikaner nationalism

**Afrikaner nationalism** (Afrikaans: _Afrikanernasionalisme_) is an ethnonationalist ideology originated in 19th-century South Africa among a White South African ethnic group called the Afrikaners, who descended from Dutch settlers.

## Overview

Afrikaner nationalism is the idea that Afrikaners are the chosen people and that Afrikaners who speak their language should unite to fight off foreign influences from Jews, English-speaking White settlers of South Africa, Black people and Indian people.

## Popularity

A major proponent of the ideology was the secret group, _Broederbond_ and the National Party (NP) that ruled the country from 1948 to 1994. Other groups that supported the Afrikaner nationalist ideology included but not limited to the Federation of Afrikaans Cultural Organisations (_Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge _, FAK), the Institute for Christian National Education (NE) and the White Workers' Protection Association (WWPA).

## Academic views

The historian T. Dunbar Moodie described Afrikaner nationalism as a type of civil religion that had combined the history of the Afrikaners, their language and Afrikaner Calvinism as key symbols.
Numerical analysis

**Numerical analysis** studies different algorithms to get approximations for  problems of mathematical analysis. Approximations are used for the following reasons:
1. There are no known ways to solve a problem using calculus. Examples for such problems are the Navier–Stokes equations or the Three-body problem
1. There is a way to solve a problem using calculus. Getting an exact solution is impractical though, because it requires a long time, or many resources. An example for this is calculating power series.

One of the earliest known uses of numerical analysis is a Babylonian clay tablet, which approximates the square root of 2. In a unit square, the diagonal has this length. Being able to compute the sides of a triangle is extremely important, for instance, in carpentry and construction.

Numerical analysis continues this long tradition of practical mathematical calculations. Much like the Babylonian approximation of , modern numerical analysis does not seek exact answers, because exact answers are often impossible to obtain in practice. Instead, much of numerical analysis is concerned with obtaining approximate solutions while maintaining reasonable bounds on errors.

Numerical analysis naturally finds applications in all fields of engineering and the physical sciences, but in the 21st century, the life sciences and even the arts have adopted elements of scientific computations. Ordinary differential equations appear in star movement; optimization occurs in portfolio management; numerical linear algebra is important for data analysis; stochastic differential equations and Markov chains are essential in simulating living cells for medicine and biology.

Computers greatly helped this task. Before there were computers, numerical methods often depended on hand interpolation in large printed tables. Since the mid 20th century, computers calculate the required functions instead. These same interpolation formulas nevertheless continue to be used as part of the software algorithms for solving differential equations.

## Famous numerical software

In order to support numerical analysts, many kinds of numerical software has been created:
- MatLab - made by MathWorks
    - GNU Octave, Scilab - open source versions of MATLAB
- SageMath
- SciPy
- Wolfram Mathematica - made by Wolfram Research

## Other websites

- Numerical analysis -Citizendium
Barbara Windsor

**Dame Barbara Windsor** DBE (born **Barbara Ann Deeks**; 6 August 1937 – 10 December 2020) was an English actress. She was best known for her roles in the _Carry On films_ and as Peggy Mitchell in the BBC One soap opera _EastEnders_. She joined the cast in 1994, and she left the show in 2016 when her character was killed off.

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Dame
- **name**: Barbara Windsor
- **honorific suffix**: Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire, DBE
- **image**: Barbara Windsor Maryebone Tree (cropped).JPG
- **caption**: Windsor in 2010
- **birth name**: Barbara Ann Deeks
- **birth place**: London, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **death cause**: Alzheimer's disease
- **burial place**: Golders Green Crematorium
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1950-2017
Ryōgoku Bridge

connected  Musashi Province and Shimōsa Province in the Edo period of Japan.  The bridge crossed the Sumida River in the area of modern Tokyo.

### Timeline

- **1659** (_Manji 2_): Building began on the Ryōgoku Bridge.
- **September 1, 1923** (_Taishō 12, 1st day of the 9th month_):  The bridge was damaged during the Great Kantō earthquake.
- **1932** (_Shōwa 7_): Bridge re-building completed.
Boyzone

**Boyzone** are an Irish boy band. The group is a quartet, its members are Keith Duffy (born 1974), Mikey Graham (born 1972), Ronan Keating (born 1977) and Shane Lynch (born 1976). Stephen Gately (1976-2009) was also a member until his death. The band were formed in Dublin by Louis Walsh in 1993. They split in 2000 and reformed in 2007.

## Personnel

- Final lineup
- Keith Duffy (1993-2000, 2007-2019)
- Mikey Graham (1993-2000, 2007-2019)
- Ronan Keating (1993-2000, 2007-2019)
- Shane Lynch (1993-2000, 2007-2019)

- Former members
- Stephen Gately (1993-2000, 2007-2009; died 2009)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Boyzone
- **image**: Boyzone2011tour.jpg
- **caption**: Boyzone in 2011
- **origin**: Dublin, Ireland
- **background**: group_or_band
- **genre**: Pop
- **years active**: 1993–2000; 2007–2019
- **label**: Universal Music Group, MCA Music, Inc., Ravenous Records, Ravenous, Mercury Records, Mercury
- **past members**: Keith Duffy
Ronan Keating
 Stephen Gately <small>(deceased)</small>
Shane Lynch
Mikey Graham
Dorothy Gish

**Dorothy Elizabeth Gish** (March 11, 1898 – June 4, 1968) was an American actress. She was born in Dayton, Ohio. She was very young when her father abandoned the family. Dorothy, her older sister Lillian, and their mother entered the theatrical profession to support themselves.

In 1912, actress Mary Pickford introduced them to director D. W. Griffith. The sisters began acting at Biograph Studios. Dorothy and Lillian Gish both debuted in Griffith's _An Unseen Enemy_. Dorothy would star in over 100 short movies and feature movies.

Dorothy married actor James Rennie in 1920. They divorced in 1935. Dorothy never remarried. She died in 1968 from bronchial pneumonia in Rapallo, Liguria, Italy. She was laid to rest in Saint Bartholomew's Episcopal Church in New York City.

Her sister Lillian was later laid to rest beside her. Dorothy Gish was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6385 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood, California. Dorothy and Lillian both appeared in D. W. Griffith's _Orphans of the Storm_ in 1921.

## Sources

- David W. Menefee, _The First Female Stars: Women of the Silent Era_ (Connecticut: Praeger, 2004)
- Harold Casselton (ed.),_Remembering Dorothy Gish_ (Minneapolis: The Society for Cinephiles, 1986)
- Homer Croy, _Star Maker: The Story of D. W. Griffith_ (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1959)
- Dorothy Gish, "And So I am a Comedienne", _Ladies Home Journal_ (July 1925)
- Lillian Gish, _Dorothy and Lillian Gish_ (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1973)
- Lillian Gish, _The Movies, Mr. Griffith, and Me_ (New York: Prentice Hall, 1969)
- Anthony Slide, _The Griffith Actresses_ (New York: A. S. Barnes and Company, 1973)
- Margaret L. Talmadge, _The Talmadge Sisters_ (New York: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1924)

## Other websites

- The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Film Theater
- Extensive Dorothy Gish gallery
- The Dorothy Gish Project

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dorothy Gish
- **image**: Dorothy Gish calendar.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **caption**: Dorothy Gish
- **birth name**: Dorothy Elizabeth Gish
- **birth place**: Dayton, Ohio, U.S.
- **death place**: Rapallo, Liguria, Italy
- **death cause**: Pneumonia
- **spouse**: James Rennie (m. 1920–1935, divorced)
- **years active**: 1912–1963
Nihonbashi

, also romanized as **Nihombashi**, is a business district of Chūō in Tokyo, Japan. The district grew up around the bridge of the same name. The bridge connects two sides of the Nihonbashi River.  A series of bridges at the same site have had the same name since the 17th century.

Traditionally, all distances in Japan are measured from the centerpoint of the Nihonbashi Bridge.  This custom began in the Edo period.

## History

In the Edo period, the Nihonbashi Bridge was the start of Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto. The earliest Nihonbashi Bridge was made of wood.  It was completed in 1603. The current bridge is made of stone.  It was completed in 1911.

In 2009, Nihonbashi was recognized as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan which best show contemporary Japan and its culture in the Heisei period.

### Timeline

- **1603** (_Keichō 8_): Wooden bridge built.
- **1605** (_Keichō 10_): The first official map of Japan was ordered with distances  measured from Nihonbashi.
- **1911** (_Meiji 44_): Bridge was re-built using stone.

## Related pages

- Nihombashi Station
- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_
- List of the 53 Stations of the Tōkaidō
Sanjō Ōhashi Bridge

is in Kyoto.  The bridge connects two sides of the Kamo River in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.  The bridge is part of Sanjō-dōri (三条大通り _Third Avenue_).

## History

In the Edo period, the Sanjō Ōhashi Bridge Bridge was the end of Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

The current concrete bridge is made of concrete.  It was built in 1950.

## Related pages

- List of the 53 Stations of the Tōkaidō
- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_
Gay icon

A **gay icon** is a prominent person (either living or dead) who is liked by a lot of the gay community. Gay icons are seen as nice looking and are sometimes seen as colorful by some people. They try to show their strength through their hard work. A lot of the time they show a mix of male and female traits. Sometimes they show no gender traits at all. Gay icons can say they are male or female. They can be gay, straight, bisexual, or asexual. If they are gay, they can be publicly gay or not. Sometimes living gay icons support LGBT causes, sometimes they do not. Some gay icons from history are seen as tragic figures like Saint Sebastian, Oscar Wilde, or Judy Garland. Some more modern gay icons are entertainers like Ellen DeGeneres, Beyoncé, Lady Gaga,Cher, Barbra Streisand, Liza Minnelli, and Freddie Mercury.

## Related pages

- Judy Garland as gay icon

## Other websites

- GLBT Historical Society
- Gay men and women should just be themselves
- Christina up close
- Sophie Morris. _From the tragic to the bland_ // _New Statesman_, August 1, 2005
- "Pink doesn't mean fluffy" John Howard. _The Independent_, (UK), August 4, 2005
Kintai Bridge

is in Iwakuni.  The bridge crosses the Nishiki River in Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan.

## History

The Kintai Bridge was built in 1673.  It has five wooden arches at the base of Mount Yokoyama.

The bridge was eclared a National Treasure in 1922.

Kikkou Park, which includes the bridge and Iwakuni Castle, is a popular tourist destinations.

In 2009, the Kintai Bridge was recognized as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan which best show contemporary Japan and its culture in the Heisei period.

## Other websites

- Iwami-kanko.jp, Kintai Bridge 
- Kintaikyo.jp, _Kintai-kyō_ 
- Iwami-kanko.com, Kintai Bridge
Civil religion

As per Jean-Jacques Rousseau, **civil religion** is the foundation that keeps modern society together. It provides the state with sacred authority. In his book _The Social Contract_ Rousseau states the dogma of civil religion:

1. Deity
1. life to come
1. the reward of virtue and the punishment of vice
1. the exclusion of religious intolerance.
Ragheb Harb

**Ragheb Harb** (1952-1984) was one of the Shia resistance leaders in Lebanon against Israel's occupation in Southern Lebanon. He was assassinated by Israelis on 16 February 1984.

He was one of the founders of Hezbollah.