juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Chinghiz Aitmatov

**Chyngyz Aitmatov** () (12 December 1928 – 10 June 2008) was a Soviet-Kyrgyz author and diplomat. He wrote in both Russian and Kyrgyz. He is a famous author in Kyrgyzstan's literature. His best-known work abroad is a novel _The Day Lasts More than a Hundred Years_, which has folklore and science fiction elements.

Aitmatov was born on 12 December 1928 in Sheker village, Kirghiz ASSR, USSR.

Aitmatov was first the ambassador for the Soviet Union and later for Kyrgyzstan, to the European Union, NATO, UNESCO and the Benelux countries. In 1963, he was honored with the Lenin Prize for his works in literature.

Aitmatov died on 10 June 2008 from kidney failure and pneumonia in Nuremberg, Germany, aged 79.

## Other websites

- Biography on Goodreads.com.
Division of Forde

The **Division of Forde** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up in 1984, and is named after Frank Forde, Prime Minister of Australia in 1945. At first it covered the southern suburbs of Brisbane, but changes have moved the area of the division into the semi-rural areas south of the city. This includes Beenleigh, Bethania, Boronia Heights, Chambers Flat, Cornubia, Eagleby, Edens Landing, Loganholme, Logan Reserve, Mount Warren Park, Ormeau Hills, Park Ridge, Tanah Merah, Upper Coomera, Waterford, Waterford West and Windaroo as well as parts of Daisy Hill, Heritage Park, Loganlea, Munruben, Ormeau, Park Ridge South and Shailer Park.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||David Watson|Liberal|1984–1987|
|||Mary Crawford|Labor|1987–1996|
|||Kay Elson|Liberal|1996–2007|
|||Brett Raguse|Labor|2007–2010|
|||Bert van Manen|Liberal National|2010–2025|
|||Rowan Holzberger|Labor|2025–present|

On 8 August 2013, it was announced former Queensland Premier Peter Beattie would contest the seat of Forde at the 2013 election.

## Other websites

- Division of Forde (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Forde
- **caption**: Interactive map of boundaries
- **created**: 1984
- **mp**: Rowan Holzberger
- **mp-party**: Australian Labor Party, Labor
- **namesake**: Frank Forde
- **electors**: 88,346 (2013)
- **area**: 419
- **class**: Outer Metropolitan
Division of Groom

The **Division of Groom** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up in 1984 and named for Sir Littleton Groom, former Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives. He represented the Division of Darling Downs, which covered much of the same area.

It is in the rural areas west of Brisbane and includes Toowoomba, Australia's second largest inland city. Other towns include Oakey and Pittsworth.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Tom McVeigh|National|1984–1988||
|||Bill Taylor|Liberal|1988–1998||
|||rowspan="2"|Ian Macfarlane|Liberal|1998–2010|
|||Liberal National|2010–2016|||
|||John McVeigh|Liberal National|2016–2020||
|||Garth Hamilton|Liberal National|2020–present||

Ian McFarlane was a minister in the Howard and Abbott governments. He was dropped from the cabinet by Malcolm Turnbull in 2015, which later led him to leave the Liberal Party and join the National Party.

## Election results

The swings above are calculated from the results of the 2020 Groom by-election.

## Other websites

- Division of Groom (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Groom
- **caption**: Interactive map of boundaries
- **created**: 1984
- **mp**: Garth Hamilton
- **mp-party**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **namesake**: Littleton Groom
- **electors**: 96,916 (2013)
- **area**: 5594
- **class**: Provincial
Time of the Season

"**Time of the Season**" (where the breaths, sighs and flutish pianish organ were heard) is a single from The Zombies. It is a ballad about emotions in the Summer of Love. Colin Blunstone is lead singer.

The song hit #3 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100, and #1 in Canada. It did not chart in Britain.

The song was sampled and covered by quite a few artists in the years after.
Harald Nugiseks

**Harald Nugiseks** (22 October 1921 – 2 January 2014) was an SS-Oberscharführer (Sergeant) in World War II. He served at his own free will in the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian) of the Waffen SS. He was also one of the four Estonian soldiers who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. He was born in Karjaküla, Särevere Parish, Järva County.

Nugiseks died from natural causes on 2 January 2014, aged 92.

## Other websites

- Harald Nugiseks at Estonian Legion
Sonny Ruberto

**John Edward** "**Sonny**" **Ruberto** (January 2, 1946 – March 25, 2014) was an American baseball backup catcher and pinch runner. He played in the Major League Baseball (MLB) and played two seasons for the San Diego Padres (1969) and the Cincinnati Reds (1972). He was born in the Staten Island borough of New York City, New York.

Ruberto died from cancer on March 25, 2014 in Ave Maria, Florida. He was 68 years old.

## Other websites

- Sonny Ruberto at Baseball Reference
Tonie Nathan

**Theodora Nathalia** "**Tonie**" **Nathan** (February 9, 1923 – March 20, 2014) was an American politician. She is the first woman, as well as the first Jewish person, to have got an electoral vote in a United States presidential election. She was the 1972 vice presidential nominee of the Libertarian Party and running mate of John Hospers. She was born in New York City.

Nathan died from Alzheimer's disease on March 20, 2014 in Eugene, Oregon. She was 91 years old.

## Other websites

- Tonie Nathan biography
Pam Tillis

**Pamela Yvonne "Pam" Tillis** (born July 24, 1957) is an American country music singer and actress. She began her career in 1981. In 1991, she had a song in the Top 40 on the _Billboard_ Hot Country Songs for the first time.

Tillis has released many albums. Two of them are _Put Yourself in My Place_ and _Sweetheart's Dance_.

Tillis was born in Florida. She was raised in Nashville, Tennessee. Her father is the late country music singer Mel Tillis.

## Related pages

- List of country musicians from Florida
WrestleMania 31

**WrestleMania 31** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view and WWE Network livestreaming show made by WWE. It took place on March 29, 2015 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California. It was the thirty-first WrestleMania event held by WWE. According to WWE, the event earned a record gate of $12.6 million and also broke Levi's Stadium's attendance record by 6,177 people.

The main event saw Roman Reigns face Brock Lesnar for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. During the match, Seth Rollins ran to the ring and cashed in his Money in the Bank contract which made the match a triple threat match. Rollins won the match and the championship. Another match on the card saw Sting compete in his first WWE match where he was defeated by Triple H.

### Battle Royal order of eliminations

|Order|Eliminated|By|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1|Curtis Axel|Everyone|
|2|Adam Rose|Fandango|
|3|Fandango|Adam Rose|
|5|Zack Ryder|Bo Dallas|
|6|Bo Dallas|Hideo Itami|
|7|Hideo Itami|Big Show|
|8|Diego|Kane|
|9|Fernando|Kane|
|10|Sin Cara|Cesaro|
|12|Mark Henry|Viktor and Konnor|
|13|Konnor|Ryback|
|14|Viktor|Ryback|
|17|Titus O'Neil|Ryback|
|18|Jack Swagger|Big Show|
|19|Big E|Big Show|
|20|Xavier Woods|Big Show|
|21|Kofi Kingston|Big Show|
|22|Erick Rowan|Big Show|
|23|Goldust|Ryback|
|24|Kane|Cesaro|
|25|Jimmy Uso|Big Show|
|26|Cesaro|Big Show|
|28|The Miz|Damien Mizdow|
|29|Damien Mizdow|Big Show|
|30|Big Show|**Winner**|

## Other websites

- Official WrestleMania 31 website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: WrestleMania 31
- **theme**: "Rise" by David Guetta feat. Skylar Grey
"Money and the Power" by Kid Ink
- **promotion**: WWE
- **sponsor**: Mountain Dew
Mountain Dew, Mountain Dew Kickstart
- **date**: March 29, 2015
- **attendance**: 76,976 (according to WWE)
- **venue**: Levi's Stadium
- **city**: Santa Clara, California, Santa Clara, California
- **lastevent**: Fastlane (2015)
- **nextevent**: Extreme Rules (2015)
- **event**: WrestleMania
- **lastevent2**: WrestleMania XXX
- **nextevent2**: WrestleMania 32
Richard W. Burkhardt

**Richard Wellington Burkhardt** (May 18, 1918 – March 4, 2014) was an American academic. He was the 8th President of Ball State University, from 1978 to 1979. He retired in 1985. He was born in Newton, Massachusetts.

Burkhardt died from natural causes on May 18, 1918 in Muncie, Indiana. He was 95 years old.

## Other websites

- Richard W. Burkhardt biography

## Infobox (university chancellor)

- **name**: Richard W. Burkhardt
- **university**: President of Ball State University
- **term start**: 1978
- **term end**: 1979
- **birth place**: Newton, Massachusetts, Newton, Massachusetts, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Muncie, Indiana, Muncie, Indiana, U.S.
- **predecessor**: John J. Pruis
- **successor**: Jerry M. Anderson
Leopoldo María Panero

**Leopoldo María Panero** (16 June 1948 – 5 March 2014) was a Spanish poet. He was often placed in the Novísimos group. He had fifteen poetic releases between 1970 and 2004. He was born in Madrid.

Panero died from heart failure on 5 March 2014 in Madrid. He was 65 years old.

## Other websites

- Leopoldo María Panero biography
Alemayehu Atomsa

**Alemayehu Atomsa** (; 12 February 1969 – 6 March 2014) was an Ethiopian politician. He served as the president of the Oromo Region, the largest of the country's regions, from 2010 until he resgined due to illness in 2014. He was born in Bonaya Boshe, Welega.

Atomsa died from food poisoning on 6 March 2014 at the Bumrungrad International Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. He was 45 years old.
Brett Borgen

**Brett Borgen** (7 November 1934 – 11 March 2014) was a Norwegian novelist and poet. Her best known works were _Fra en ikke helt vellykket skuespillerinnes dagbok_ (1972), _Dualoger med Vår Herre and Isabella, sorgen og Don Juan_ (1977), _En time med Jesus_ (1978), _Den fortapte datter_ (1979), _Heltinnen_ (1981). She also wrote the memoir _Lillelord og Lady Brett_ (1985).

She was born and died in Oslo. She was 79 years old when she died.
Anius

In Greek mythology, **Anius** was a king of Delos and priest of Apollo. He was the son of Apollo and Rhoeo.

Anius told the Greeks the Trojan War would not be won until the tenth year.
Lapiro de Mbanga

**Lambo Sandjo Pierre Roger** (7 April 1957 – 16 March 2014), better known as **Lapiro de Mbanga**, was a Cameroonian singer. He is best known for his 1985 recording of “Pas argent no love” and for being imprisoned in 2008 after criticizing Cameroon president Paul Biya in the song “Constitution constipée” (“Constipated Constitution”). He was born in Mbanga, Southwest Region.

Mbanga died from cancer on 16 March 2014 in Buffalo, New York in the United States. He was 56 years old.
Lake Winnipeg

**Lake Winnipeg** is a big lake in the province of Manitoba, Canada. It is north of the city of Winnipeg. It is the biggest lake in south Canada.
Palazzo Carignano

The ***Palazzo Carignano*** is a former palace in Turin, Italy. It was the residence of the Princes of Carignano, a line directly related to the royal family. It is famous for its unique rounded façade. It was also the birthplace of Princess Marie Louise of Savoy. It was the birthplace of Vittorio Emanuele II of Italy, the first king of Italy.  The building is near the larger Royal Palace of Turin.
Kia Forte

The **Kia Forte** is a small automobile that is built by Kia Motors. The Kia Forte has had two generations, the newest one in 2014. In some places like Costa Rica, Australia and Brazil, the Forte is known as the **Kia Cerato**, which replaces its former automobile of the same name. The automobile is known as the **Kia Cerato Forte** in Colombia and Singapore and is known as the **Naza Forte** in Naza of Malaysia where it has been assembled since 2009.

## Other websites

- Kia Forte on Kia.com

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Kia Forte
- **image**: 2019 Kia Forte EX, front 5.19.20 (cropped).jpg
- **manufacturer**: Kia Motors
- **aka**: Kia Cerato
Kia K3 (KDM)
Kia Cerato Forte (Colombia & Singapore)
Kia Shuma (China)
Naza Forte (Malaysia)
- **production**: 2008–present
- **class**: Compact Car
- **body style**: 2-door coupe
4-door Sedan (automobile), sedan
5-door hatchback
- **predecessor**: Kia Cerato
Kia Spectra
Aularches

***Aularches miliaris*** is a grasshopper found in south and southeast Asia. It is protected by powerful chemical defences, and its warning colour signals its foul taste.

When it is disturbed or grabbed, it makes a sharp rasping noise with its thoracic segments. Then, if its thorax is pinched, it gives off a toxic foam. It squirts a clear viscous mucus with unpleasant smell and a bitter taste, faintly alkaline, with many bubbles. This foam comes out as a strong jet from openings in the thorax, and more gently from other openings in the body (ten in total). The foam heaps up around the insect and partly covers it.

## Colouring and behaviour

The head and thorax are dark green with a canary-yellow band on the side.  The leathery front wings are green with many yellow spots; the legs are blue, with a yellow serrated pattern on the hind legs.  The abdomen is black with bright red bands.

Like most noxious animals, it is very visible and slow-moving on vegetation. It pays to advertise, and it does not need to hide.

## Other websites

- Orthoptera Species File
Mitsubishi Outlander

The **Mitsubishi Outlander** is a mid-size crossover SUV that is built by Mitsubishi Motors. The Mitsubishi Outlander has had three generations, the newest one in 2012. When it was first introduced in Japan in 2001, the vehicle was known as the **Mitsubishi Airtrek** and it was based on the **Mitsubishi ASX** concept vehicle that was exhibited at the 2001 North American International Auto Show.

They chose the name Airtrek because it was to "describe the vehicle’s ability to transport its passengers on adventure-packed journeys in a 'free-as-a-bird' manner" and was "coined from Air and Trek to express the idea of footloose, adventure-filled motoring pleasure." The new name Outlander was chosen because it suggested a "feeling of journeying to distant, unexplored lands in search of adventure."

## Other websites

- Official Global website

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Mitsubishi Outlander
- **image**: 2022_Mitsubishi_Outlander_SE_S-AWC,_07-29-2022.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Mitsubishi Motors
- **aka**: Mitsubishi Airtrek (2001–05)
Peugeot 4007 (2007-2012)
Citroën C-Crosser (2007-2012)
- **production**: 2001–present
- **class**: Crossover SUV
- **body style**: 4-door SUV


## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Peugeot 4007
- **image**: File:Peugeot_4007_HDi_FAP_155_Platinum_%E2%80%93_Frontansicht,_15._Juni_2011,_W%C3%BClfrath.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Mitsubishi Motors
- **aka**: Citroën C-Crosser
- **production**: 2007-2012
- **class**: Crossover SUV
- **body style**: 4-door SUV
- **successor**: Peugeot 4008


## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Citroën C-Crosser
- **image**: File:Citro%C3%ABn_C-Crosser_front_20100329.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Mitsubishi Motors
- **aka**: Peugeot 4007
- **production**: 2007-2012
- **class**: Crossover SUV
- **body style**: 4-door SUV
- **successor**: Citroën C4 Aircross
Camelops

***Camelops*** is an extinct genus of camel which lived in North America during the Pleistocene. from two million years ago to about 10,000 years ago.

They were prey for the wolves, bears, lions and _Smilodon_. _Camelops_ disappeared at the end of the last ice age, as did many other animals.

## Changes in their environment

Evidence of its environment comes from Natural Trap Cave in Wyoming, and from Rancho La Brea in the modern Los Angeles area. These studies suggest that it was not, like modern camels, adapted to desert conditions. It lived in woodland and grasslands with mixed vegetation.

Before the climate change at about 11,000 years ago it lived in "conifer parklands" on the Montana-Wyoming border, and in "coastal shrublands" in California. After the climate change, what had been woodland became "deserts and treeless steppes of the sort so extensive in the present western U.S.A". Even the type of grass which grew there changed.

Evidently, for this animal, the climate change was very significant. Also, the arrival of man as a hunter may have made the situation worse. A few Clovis points have been found in the cave site.
Steppe bison

The **steppe bison**, or **steppe wisent** (_Bison priscus_), is an extinct bison. It lived on steppes in Europe, Central Asia, Beringia, and North America during the Quaternary. It is believed that it evolved somewhere in South Asia, That would mean it appeared  at about the same time and region as the aurochs, with which its descendants are sometimes confused.

The steppe wisent became extinct in the Pleistocene. It was replaced in Europe by the modern wisent species. It was replaced in America by _Bison latifrons_, then later _Bison antiquus_), and finally the modern American bison.

Steppe wisent occasionally appear in cave painting. They are in the famous Cave of Altamira and Lascaux. They have also been found in naturally ice-preserved form.

## Blue Babe

**Blue Babe** is the name of a mummified male steppe bison which was discovered north of Fairbanks in July 1979. It is called that because the creature is coated with vivianite.

Meanwhile, in 1984, scientists cut up a portion of the neck. The piece was simmered in stock and vegetables and made into a stew. It was described as having a strong Pleistocene aroma.
Perfume Genius

**Perfume Genius** is the stage name for **Mike Hadreas**. Hadreas released his first album _Learning_ in 2010. _Pitchfork_ gave it a score of 8.2 out of 10. In 2012 he released his second album, _Put Your Back N 2 It_.

## Personal life

Hadreas is gay. He lives in Seattle.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Perfume Genius
- **image**: Pop Conference 2017 - Mike Hadreas (Perfume Genius) 01 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Hadreas in 2017
- **birth name**: Michael Alden Hadreas
- **birth place**: Des Moines, Iowa, U.S.
- **years active**: 2008–present
If You Asked Me To

**"If You Asked Me To"** is a popular single first performed by Patti LaBelle. The song was from the _Licence to Kill_ movie soundtrack. It was also on LaBelle's album _Be Yourself_.

The song was released in 1989. It hit top ten on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Three years later, it hit #4 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100. That version was done by Celine Dion in April 1992. Her version hit in America and Canada.
Sheepdog

A **sheepdog** is a dog trained to herd sheep. Many different breeds can be trained to do this task. One of the most common sheepdog breeds is the Border Collie.
Lawrence Walsh

**Lawrence Edward Walsh** (January 8, 1912 – March 19, 2014) was an American lawyer and former U.S. District Court judge and Deputy Attorney General.

Walsh grew up in New York City. He was appointed Independent Counsel in December 1986 to investigate the Iran-Contra affair during the Ronald Reagan Administration.

Walsh died from natural causes at the age of 102 at his Nichols Hills, Oklahoma home.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lawrence Walsh
- **image**: Lawrence Walsh at the Oval Office in 1960.jpg
- **caption**: Lawrence Walsh at the Oval Office in 1960
- **order**: 4th
- **title**: United States Deputy Attorney General
- **term start**: 1957
- **term end**: 1960
- **president**: Dwight D. Eisenhower
- **predecessor**: William P. Rogers
- **successor**: Byron White
- **birth name**: Lawrence Edward Walsh
- **birth place**: Port Maitland, Nova Scotia, Canada
- **death place**: Nichols Hills, Oklahoma, U.S.
- **party**: Republican
- **spouse**: Maxine Winton: 1936-1964 (her death)
Mary Alma Porter: 1965-2012 (her death)
- **alma mater**: Columbia University
Columbia Law School
Patrick Joseph McGovern

**Patrick Joseph McGovern, Jr.** (August 11, 1937 – March 19, 2014) was an American businessman. He was known for being chairman and founder of International Data Group (IDG). He was listed on the Forbes 400 list of the richest Americans in September, 2013 as having a net worth of $5.1 billion.

McGovern died on March 19, 2014, aged 76.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Patrick J. McGovern
- **image**: IDG Chairman Patrick Joseph McGovern.jpg
- **caption**: McGovern awarded the “Innovation Award” for VIA Nano Processor in 2009
- **birth name**: Patrick Joseph McGovern, Jr.
- **birth date**: August 11, 1937
- **birth place**: Queens, New York
- **nationality**: USA
- **occupation**: businessman, publisher, entrepreneur
- **known for**: founding Computerworld magazine, large donation to MIT to found the McGovern Institute for Brain Research
- **alma mater**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (B.S., Biophysics, 1959)
Ronald Selmour

**Ronald Selmour** is a Canadian actor. He is well known for his role as Firecracker Man in ABC's _Kingdom Hospital_, Sundown in the Discovery Channel's TV miniseries _Klondike_ and  The Butcher in the CW's _Arrow_.

Selmour has been involved in the performing Arts from the early years of his life. Though Profoundly religious, his father was very involved with local theatres taking him to see presentations throughout Port-au-Prince, Haiti. In the early 1980s the family made the difficult decision to let him go to Canada, stayed with his aunt while pursuing his studies. In Montreal, Quebec, there he made the acquaintance of several instrumental people in his life, teachers, professors and a mentor name Solly Levy who introduced him to the Commedia dell'arte. Ever since then, the love for the craft became the guiding light in his life.
Geopolitics

**Geopolitics** is the study of how a country's geography (location, terrain, land size, climate, soil and raw materials) affect its foreign, economic, military policy and strategy. The word _geopolitics_ comes from the words "geography" and "politics".

## Examples

- Russia is a large country. Its land is mostly flat. This makes defending its borders (where no mountains or natural obstructions exist) a difficult task. It is expensive to build infrastructure in Russia. Its extreme climate makes poorly built roads break more often.
- The United Kingdom is a small island with a mild climate and access to warm water ports. It is easy to defend because any foreign country has to cross a body of water to attack. In addition, since it is small and warm the cost of construction is cheaper than in Russia.

## Related pages

- Political geography
Goji

**Goji**, **goji berry** or **wolfberry** is the fruit of _Lycium barbarum_  and _Lycium chinense_. These are two very closely related species of boxthorn in the family Solanaceae (which also includes the potato, tomato, eggplant, deadly nightshade, chili pepper, and tobacco). The two species are native to Asia.
Alfredo Alcón

**Alfredo Félix Alcón** (; 3 March 1930 – 11 April 2014) was an Argentine theatre and movie actor. Alcón born in Buenos Aires. Widely considered one of the best, one of the most important and most acclaimed Argentine actors.

He worked in more than 50 movies. His first movie was, _El amor nunca muere_ (_Love Never Dies_), in 1955.

He died in Buenos Aires at the age of 84 from a respiratory illness.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alfredo Alcón
- **image**: Alfredo Alcón.jpg
- **birth name**: Alfredo Félix Alcón Riesco
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **yearsactive**: 1955 - 2014
Jesse Winchester

**James Ridout Winchester** (May 17, 1944 – April 11, 2014) known as **Jesse Winchester**, was an American musician and songwriter. He was known for being a Vietnam War activist. To avoid going to the war, he moved to Canada. He became a Canadian citizen in 1973, gained amnesty in the U.S. in 1977 and resettled there in the U.S. in 2002.

He recorded many songs with many musical artists. Some of them included Patti Page, Elvis Costello, Jimmy Buffett, Joan Baez, Anne Murray, Reba McEntire, The Everly Brothers and Emmylou Harris.

Winchester died at his home in Charlottesville, Virginia from bladder cancer, aged 69.

## Other websites

- radio interview at WRN
- HOTSEAT- Southern gent? Folk legend moves to town
- Fame & Fortune: Jesse Winchester

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jesse Winchester
- **image**: Jesse Winchester Smile JazzFest 2011.jpg
- **caption**: Winchester in 2011
- **image size**: 250
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: James Ridout Winchester
- **birth place**: Bossier City, Louisiana, United States
- **origin**: Memphis, Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
- **death place**: Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- **genre**: Country music, Country, country rock, folk music, folk
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter, producer
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar, keyboards
- **years active**: c.1961–2014
- **label**: Appleseed Recordings, Appleseed, Bearsville Records, Bearsville, Stony Plain Records, Stony Plain, Ampex Records, Ampex, RCA Records, Victor, Sugar Hill Records, Sugar Hill, Great Big Island, Wounded Bird Records, Wounded Bird, Blue Plate
Omer Beriziky

**Jean Omer Beriziky** (born 9 September 1950) is a Malagasy politician and diplomat. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar from 2011 to 2014. He was elected in 2011.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Jean Omer Beriziky-IMG 0958.jpg
- **name**: Jean Omer Beriziky
- **office**: Prime Minister of Madagascar
- **president**: Andry Rajoelina
Hery Rajaonarimampianina
- **term start**: 2 November 2011
- **term end**: 16 April 2014
- **predecessor**: Albert Camille Vital
- **successor**: Roger Kolo
- **birth place**: Antsirabe Nord, French Madagascar, Madagascar
- **party**: Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery
Nandu Bhende

**Sadanand Atmaram** "**Nandu**" **Bhende** (; c. 1956 – 11 April 2014) was an Indian musician, singer-songwriter and actor. He was best known for being a member of bands such as Nandu Bhende Band, Savage Encounter, The Brief Encounter and Velvette Fogg. He performed mostly under blues, pop, rock, and soul music genres.

Bhende died from a heart attack on 11 April 2014 in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Nandu Bhende
- **image**: Savage Encounter.jpg
- **caption**: Bhende (front) with Savage Encounter, 1975
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Sadanand Atmaram Bhende
- **alias**: Nandoo Bhende
- **birth date**: November 27, 1956
- **death place**: Mumbai
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, pop music, pop, blues rock, Soul music, soul
- **occupation**: singer, musician, songwriter, actor
- **years active**: 1970–2014
- **label**: HMV, TIPS
- **associated acts**: Velvette Fogg, Brief Encounter, Savage Encounter, Atomic Forest Nandu Bhende Band
Didier Ratsiraka

Vice Admiral **Didier Ratsiraka** (4 November 1936 – 28 March 2021) was a Malagasy politician. He was the President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and from 1997 to 2002. He was in exile from 2009 to 2011.

Ratsiraka died on 28 March 2021 in Antananarivo, Madagascar from cardiac arrest caused by the influenza at the age of 84.

## Infobox (president)

- **honorific prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Didier Ratsiraka
- **image**: File:Didier Ratsiraka 1997.jpg
- **order**: 3rd
- **office**: President of Madagascar
- **term start1**: 15 June 1975
- **term end1**: 27 March 1993
- **primeminister1**: Joël Rakotomalala
 Justin Rakotoniaina
 Désiré Rakotoarijaona
 Victor Ramahatra
 Guy Razanamasy
- **predecessor1**: Gilles Andriamahazo
- **successor1**: Albert Zafy
- **term start**: 9 February 1997
- **term end**: 5 July 2002
- **primeminister**: Norbert Ratsirahonana
 Pascal Rakotomavo
 Tantely Andrianarivo
- **predecessor**: Albert Zafy
- **successor**: Marc Ravalomanana
- **office2**: Minister of Foreign Affairs (Madagascar), Minister of Foreign Affairs of Madagascar
- **predecessor3**: Jacques Rabemananjara
- **successor3**: Albert Zakariasy
- **term start2**: 1972
- **term end2**: 1975
- **president2**: Gabriel Ramanantsoa
- **birth place**: Vatomandry, French Madagascar
- **death place**: Antananarivo, Madagascar
- **spouse**: Céline Ratsiraka, Céline Velonjara (m.1964–2021; _his death_)
- **children**: 4
- **relatives**: Roland Ratsiraka (nephew)
- **party**: Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution
Albert Zafy

**Albert Zafy** (1 May 1927 – 13 October 2017) was a Malagasy politician. He was the President of Madagascar from 27 March 1993 to 5 September 1996.

Zafy died on 13 October 2017 at a hospital in Saint-Pierre, Réunion in France of a stroke at the age of 90.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Albert Zafy
- **image**: President Albert Zafy.jpg
- **office**: 3rd List of Presidents of Madagascar, President of Madagascar
- **term start**: 27 March 1993
- **term end**: 5 September 1996
- **predecessor**: Didier Ratsiraka
- **successor**: Norbert Ratsirahonana <small>(acting)</small>
- **birth place**: Betsihaka, Antsiranana Province, Madagascar
- **death place**: Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France
- **party**: National Union for Democracy and Development (Madagascar), National Union for Democracy and Development (UNDD)
- **alma mater**: University of Montpellier
Hery Rajaonarimampianina

**Hery Martial Rakotoarimanana Rajaonarimampianina** (born November 6, 1958) is a Malagasy politician. He was the 5th President of Madagascar from January 2014 until his resignation in September 2018.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Hery Rajaonarimampianina
- **image**: Hery Rajaonarimampianina 2014.jpg
- **office**: List of Presidents of Madagascar, President of Madagascar
- **primeminister**: Omer Beriziky
Roger Kolo
Jean Ravelonarivo
Olivier Solonandrasana
- **term start**: 25 January 2014
- **term end**: 7 September 2018
- **predecessor**: Andry Rajoelina
- **successor**: Rivo Rakotovao
- **birth place**: Antananarivo, Malagasy Republic, Madagascar
- **party**: Hery Vaovao ho an'i Madagasikara, HVM
- **alma mater**: University of Antananarivo
Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, University of Quebec, Trois-Rivieres
- **website**: [http://www.heryvaovao.com Campaign website]
Riina Gerretz

**Riina Gerretz** (8 July 1939 – 22 March 2014) was an Estonian pianist. She was best known for performing with artists such as Georg Ots, Tiit Kuusik, Hendrik Krumm, Ivo Kuusk, Anu Kaal, Margarita Voites, Jüri Gerretz, Ivo Juul, Yolanda Hernandez, Artur Rinne, Hannes Altrov, Pille Lill and Heidy Tamme. She worked mostly in her native Estonia as well as Finland. During her life, she had the surnames **Põder** (1939–1958),  **Villum** (1958–1961), **Mikiver** (1969–1971), **Viljanen** 1983–2002, **Gerretz** (until 2014).

Gerretz died after a long illness on 22 March 2014 in Tallinn. She was 74 years old.

## Other websites

- Riina Gerretz biography
Philibert Tsiranana

**Philibert Tsiranana** (18 October 1912 – 16 April 1978) was a Malagasy politician and leader. He served as the first President of Madagascar from 1959 to 1972.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Philibert Tsiranana
- **nationality**: Malagasy
- **image**: Philibert Tsiranana 1962.jpg
- **order**: 1st President of Madagascar
- **term start**: 1 May 1959
- **term end**: 11 October 1972
- **predecessor**: _None (position first established)_
- **successor**: Gabriel Ramanantsoa
- **birth place**: Ambarikorano, Madagascar
- **death place**: Antananarivo, Madagascar
- **spouse**: Justine Tsiranana (m. 1933–1978; _his death_)
- **party**: Social Democratic Party of Madagascar and the Comoros, Social Democratic Party
- **vicepresident**: Philibert Raondry, Calvin Tsiebo, Andre Resampa, Calvin Tsiebo, Jacques Rabemananjara, Victor Miadana, Alfred Ramangasoavina, Eugène Lechat
- **profession**: Professor of French and Mathematics
- **order2**: Prime Minister of Madagascar
- **term start2**: 14 October 1958
- **term end2**: 1 May 1959
- **predecessor2**: _None (position first established)_
- **successor2**: _None (position abolished)_
Gabriel Ramanantsoa

**Gabriel Ramanantsoa** (13 April 1906 Antananarivo - 9 May 1979 Paris) was an Malagasy politician. He was the President and Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1972 to 1975.

He died in Paris from a heart attack, aged 73.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Gabriel Ramanantsoa
- **image**: Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F011092-0001, BPA, Generalstabschef aus Madagaskar crop.jpg
- **alt**: Gabriel Ramanantsoa in 1961.
- **office**: President of Madagascar
- **term start**: 11 October 1972
- **term end**: 5 February 1975
- **predecessor**: Philibert Tsiranana
- **successor**: Richard Ratsimandrava
- **birth place**: Antananarivo, Madagascar
- **death place**: Paris, France
Sirp

***Sirp*** is the only cultural newspaper published in Estonia. It was first published on 5 October 1940. Until 2013, it was released in black and white.

## Infobox (newspaper)

- **name**: Sirp
- **political**: No
- **language**: Estonian language, Estonian
- **headquarters**: Tallinn, Estonia
- **website**: [http://www.sirp.ee/ Official]
Jerry Tarkanian

**Jerry Esther Tarkanian** (August 8, 1930–February 11, 2015), also known as "Tark the Shark", was an American college basketball coach. Tarkanian was one of the most successful coaches in college basketball history, most notably at UNLV. He was a coach for the San Antonio Spurs from 1992 to 1993.

Tarkanian was born in Euclid, Ohio. On February 11, 2015, Tarkanian died at the age of 84 in Las Vegas, where he had been hospitalized days earlier after "difficulty breathing", aged 84.
Percy Lavon Julian

**Percy Lavon Julian** (April 11, 1899 – April 19, 1975) was an American research chemist and a well known scientist in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants. His works would lead to the invention of birth control pills. He was born in Montgomery, Alabama.

Julian died in Waukegan, Illinois from liver cancer, aged 76.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Percy Lavon Julian
- **caption**: Julian circa 1940–1950
- **birth place**: Montgomery, Alabama
- **death place**: Waukegan, Illinois
- **occupation**: Chemist
- **nationality**: American
- **alma mater**: DePauw University <small>(BA)</small>
Harvard University <small>(MS)</small>
University of Vienna <small>(PhD)</small>
- **spouse**: Anna Roselle Johnson
(1901-1994)
- **parents**: Elizabeth Lena Adams
(1878–1926)
James Sumner Julian
(1871–1951)
- **children**: Percy Lavon Julian, Jr.
(1940–2008)
Faith Roselle Julian
(1944–  )
La Wantzenau

**La Wantzenau** is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department, Alsace, France. It is close to Strasbourg. There are many Alsatian-style houses left in La Wantzenau. There are also modern houses.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: La Wantzenau
- **image**: Berges de l'Ill à La Wantzenau.jpeg
- **caption**: The Ill (France), Ill River in La Wantzenau
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr La Wantzenau (Bas-Rhin 67).svg
- **arrondissement**: Strasbourg-Campagne
- **canton**: Brumath
- **insee**: 67519
- **postal code**: 67610
- **mayor**: Claude Graebling
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Strasbourg
- **elevation m**: 130
- **elevation min m**: 128
- **elevation max m**: 135
- **area km2**: 25.39
- **population**: 5892
- **population date**: 2006
Ill (France)

The **Ill** is a river in France. It flows through the plain of Alsace. It is an important left tributary of the Rhine river. It is the main river of Alsace. It flows through the Haut-Rhin and the Bas-Rhin departments in the Grand Est region.

## Geography

The Ill river is  long. Its drainage basin has an area of .

### Course

The Ill starts in the northern side of the Glaserberg mountain, in the Jura Mountains near the Swiss border, in the _commune_ of Winkel, (Haut-Rhin department), at an altitude of about . From here, the Ill flows first to the east to Ferrette and to Illfurth where it is joined by the _Largue_ river, the main right tributary of the Ill.

From Illfurth, the Ill runs northward through Alsace, flowing parallel to the Rhine river.

The Ill river flows within the Grand Est region, 2 departments and 70 _communes_. It flows through the following _communes_, among others:
- Haut-Rhin : Illfurth, Frœningen, Hochstatt, Zillisheim, Brunstatt-Didenheim, **Mulhouse**, Bourtzwiller, Illzach, Sausheim, Ruelisheim, Ensisheim, réguisheim, Meyenheim, Oberentzen, Niederentzen, Biltzheim, Oberhergheim, Niederhergheim, Sainte-Croix-en-Plaine, Logelheim, Sundhoffen, Andolsheim, Horbourg-Wihr, **Colmar**, Illhaeusern
- Bas-Rhin : **Sélestat**, Ebersmunster, Kogenheim, Sermersheim, Huttenheim, Benfeld, Matzenheim, Osthouse, Erstein, Nordhouse, Hipsheim, Eschau, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Ostwald, **Strasbourg**, Offendorf

Five _communes_ in the Alsace have their names from the riverː
- Bas-Rhin
    - Illkirch ("the church of the Ill")
- Haut-Rhin
    - Illfurth ("a place to cross the Ill")
    - Illtal ("the valley of the Ill")
    - Illhaeusern ("the village of the Ill")
    - Illzach

Finally, the Ill river flows into the Rhine river in the _commune_ of Offendorf, just to the north of Strasbourg.

## Main tributaries

The main tributaries of the Ill river are all left tributaries; the right tributaries are very short streams. Only the Largue starts in the Jura Mountains; the rest have their sources in the Vosgues mountains, to the east.

- Largue -
- Doller -
- Thur -
- Lauch -
- Fecht -
- Giessen -
- Andlau -
- Ehn -
- Bruche -

## Hydrology

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Strasbourg in the Bas-Rhin department, for the period 1974 - 2017.

**<small>Average monthly discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) at Strasbourg (1974 - 2017)</small>**

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Ill
- **image**: Petite_France_Strasbourg.jpg
- **image caption**: The Ill in the Petite France quarter of Strasbourg. The river's only lock can be seen right of centre.
- **map**: Ill River Route.jpg
- **source1 location**: Jura mountains
- **mouth location**: Rhine
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: France
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of France, Region
- **subdivision name2**: Grand Est
- **tributaries left**: Aar (Ill), Aar, Bruche (river), Bruche, Doller (river), Doller, Souffel, Thur (France), Thur
Boston Public Library

The **Boston Public Library** is a municipal public library in Boston, Massachusetts. It was established in 1848. This library is also called **Library for the Commonwealth**.

## Infobox (library)

- **logo**: Seal of the Boston Public Library.svg
- **logo alt**: The Seal of the Trustees of the Boston Public Library, as designed by Augustus Saint-Gaudens
- **caption**: **Motto**: _Omnium Lux Civium_ <small>(Latin)</small>
"The Light of All People"
- **country**: United States
- **type**: Public
- **established**: 1852
- **location**: Boston, Massachusetts
- **num branches**: 24
- **collection size**: 24,079,520
- **annual circulation**: 3.69 million (FY 2013)
- **pop served**: 6,547,629
- **budget**: $31.2 million, plus $8.2 million from trust fund (2013)
- **director**: David Leonard, President
Robert E. Gallery, Chairman of the Board
Chicago Public Library

The **Chicago Public Library** (**CPL**) is the public library system that serves the City of Chicago in the U.S. state of Illinois. It has over 80 libraries in the city. The system was made in 1873.

## Infobox (library)

- **library name**: Chicago Public Library
- **image**: Chicago Library Downtown.png
- [[Harold Washington Library]] - Chicago's Central Public Library
- **library logo**: Chicago Public Library Logo.PNG
- **logo size**: 100px
- **location**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **established**: 1873
- **num branches**: 79
- **collection size**: 5,721,334 volumes (July 2010, ALA data)
- **annual circulation**: 10 million
- **pop served**: 2.8 million
- **budget**: $106,000,000
- **director**: Brian A. Bannon
- **website**: [http://www.chipublib.org/ chipublib.org]
Chicago Public Schools

**Chicago Public Schools** (**CPS**) is a system of public schools in the city of Chicago. It is the third largest school district in the United States. CPS reported having 681 schools including 472 elementary schools, 106 high schools, 96 charter schools, and 7 contract schools.

## List of CEOs

|colspan=2|Name|Tenure|Citation|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Paul Vallas|1995–2001||
||Arne Duncan|2001–2009||
||Ron Huberman|2009–2010||
||Terry Mazany _(interim)_|2010–2011||
||Jean-Claude Brizard|2011–2012||
||Barbara Byrd-Bennett|2012–2015||
||Jesse Ruiz _(interim)_|2015||
||Forrest Claypool|2015–2017||
||Janice K. Jackson|2017–2021||
||LaTanya McDade _(acting)_|2021||
||José Torres _(interim)_|2021||
||Pedro Martinez|2021–2025||
||Bogdana Chkoumbova _(acting)_|2025||
||Macquline King _(interim)_|2025–present||

## Other websites

- Chicago Public Schools
Richard Lewis

**Richard Philip Lewis** (June 29, 1947 – February 27, 2024) was an American comedian and actor. He was known for his roles as Marty Gold in _Anything But Love_ and as himself in _Curb Your Enthusiasm_.

Lewis was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was raised in Englewood, New Jersey. Lewis is Jewish.

In April 2023, Lewis revealed he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He died of a heart attack on February 27, 2024 at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 76.

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: Richard Lewis
- **image**: Richard Lewis 2015 chicago (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Lewis in 2015
- **birth name**: Richard Philip Lewis
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **medium**: Stand-up comedy, Stand-up, television, movies
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **active**: 1971–2024
- **genre**: Black comedy, surreal humor
- **subject**: Self-deprecation, neuroticism, psychotherapy, hypochondria, paranoia, Clinical depression, depression, human sexuality, Jewish culture, popular culture, pop culture, family, eating disorders
- **influences**: Buster Keaton, Woody Allen, Lenny Bruce, Richard Pryor, Jonathan Winters, David Brenner
- **influenced**: Kevin Richard, Artie Lange Paul Rothbart Bobby Slayton
- **notable work**: **Marty Gold** in _Anything but Love_
**Himself** in _Curb Your Enthusiasm_
Englewood, New Jersey

**Englewood** is a city in southeastern Bergen County, New Jersey. It was established as a city in 1899. About 29,000 people live in Englewood, as of 2020. Actors John Travolta and Richard Lewis were born in Englewood.
WWE Payback

**WWE Payback** is a series of professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming shows made by WWE. The concept of the event is the wrestlers looking for payback against their opponents.

The first event happened on June 16, 2013 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois and took over the slot of No Way Out. Payback then took place yearly until 2017, with that year's event being exclusive to the Raw brand. It then no longer was a yearly show, but the name was used for two events in 2020 and 2023.

## Dates and venues

|#|Event|Date|City|Venue|Main Event|Ref.|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Payback (2013)|June 16, 2013|rowspan="2"|Rosemont, Illinois|rowspan="2"|Allstate Arena|John Cena (c) vs. Ryback in a Three Stages of Hell match for the WWE Championship||
|2|Payback (2014)|June 1, 2014|The Shield (Dean Ambrose, Roman Reigns, and Seth Rollins) vs. Evolution (Batista, Randy Orton, and Triple H) in a No Holds Barred Elimination match||||||
|3|Payback (2015)|May 17, 2015|Baltimore, Maryland|Royal Farms Arena|Seth Rollins (c) vs. Dean Ambrose vs. Randy Orton vs. Roman Reigns in a fatal four-way match for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship||||
|4|Payback (2016)|May 1, 2016|Rosemont, Illinois|Allstate Arena|Roman Reigns (c) vs. AJ Styles for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship||||
|5|Payback (2017)|April 30, 2017|San Jose, California|SAP Center|Braun Strowman vs. Roman Reigns||||
|6|Payback (2020)|August 30, 2020|Orlando, Florida|WWE ThunderDome at Amway Center|"The Fiend" Bray Wyatt (c) vs. Braun Strowman vs. Roman Reigns in a No Holds Barred Triple Threat match for the WWE Universal Championship||||
|7|Payback (2023)|September 2, 2023|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|PPG Paints Arena|Seth "Freakin" Rollins (c) vs. Shinsuke Nakamura for the World Heavyweight Championship||||
|colspan="10"|||||||||

## Infobox (wrestling ppv series)

- **name**: WWE Payback
- **promotions**: WWE
- **brands**: WWE Raw, Raw (2017, 2020, 2023)
SmackDown (2020, 2023)
- **firstevent**: Payback (2013), 2013
- **lastevent**: Payback (2023), 2023
Vladimir Ivashko

**Vladimir Antonovich Ivashko** (Russian language: Влади́мир Анто́нович Ива́шко 28 October 1932 – 13 November 1994) was a Ukrainian politician. He was the leader of the Soviet Union for a short time. He became the leader in 1991. He ruled for five days until his political party was declared politically impotent and on 29 August 1991 when the party was banned.

Ivashko died from an "undisclosed long-illness" in Moscow, aged 62.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Vladimir Ivashko
- **image**: НДУ 1 Івашко Володимир Антонович.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **office**: General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

- **term start**: 24 August 1991
- **term end**: 29 August 1991
- **predecessor**: Mikhail Gorbachev
- **successor**: Party banned
- **office1**: General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Deputy General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- **1blankname1**: General Secretary
- **1namedata1**: Mikhail Gorbachev
- **term start1**: 12 July 1990
- **term end1**: 29 August 1991
- **predecessor1**: Yegor Ligachev
- **successor1**: Office abolished
- **office2**: First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union), Communist Party of Ukraine
- **term start2**: 28 September 1989
- **term end2**: 22 June 1990
- **predecessor2**: Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
- **successor2**: Stanislav Hurenko
- **office3**: Full member of the 27th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 27th, 28th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 28th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Politburo
- **term start3**: 9 December 1989
- **term end3**: 29 August 1991
- **office4**: Member of the 28th Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 28th Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Secretariat
- **term start4**: 14 July 1990
- **term end4**: 29 August 1991
- **birth date**: 28 October 1932
- **birth place**: Poltava, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
- **death place**: Moscow, Russian Federation
- **party**: Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- **signature**: Volodymyr Ivashko Signature 1990.png
- **native name**:
Pietro Ingrao

**Pietro Ingrao** (March 30, 1915 – September 27, 2015) was an Italian politician, journalist and former partisan. He had been, for many years, a senior figure in the Italian Communist Party (PCI). He served as President of the Chamber of Deputies from June 5, 1976 to July 19, 1979.

Ingrao was born in Lenola, Italy. He died on September 27, 2015 at the age of 100 in Rome.

## Infobox (prime minister)

- **name**: Pietro Ingrao
- **image**: PietroIngrao.jpg
- **order**: Italian Chamber of Deputies, President of the Chamber of Deputies
- **term start**: June 5, 1976
- **term end**: July 19, 1979
- **predecessor**: Alessandro Pertini
- **successor**: Leonilde Iotti
- **birth place**: Lenola, Lazio, Lenola, Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **nationality**: Italians, Italian
- **profession**: Politician
- **party**: Italian Communist Party