juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Laura Boldrini

**Laura Boldrini**,  (; born 28 April 1961) is an Italian politician and former United Nations official. She was President of the Chamber of Deputies of Italy. She was the Spokesperson to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) for Southern Europe.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Laura Boldrini
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, OMRI
- **image**: Laura Boldrini 2016.jpg
- **office**: List of Presidents of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, President of the Chamber of Deputies
- **term start**: 16 March 2013
- **term end**: 22 March 2018
- **predecessor**: Gianfranco Fini
- **successor**: Roberto Fico
- **order1**: Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Member of the Chamber of Deputies
- **term start1**: 15 March 2013
- **constituency1**: Sicily, Sicily 2 (2013 Italian general election, 2013-2018 Italian general election, 2018)
- **constituency2**: Lombardy, Lombardy 1 (2018 Italian general election, 2018-present)
- **birth place**: Macerata, Italy
- **nationality**: Italian nationality law, Italian
- **spouse**: Luca Nicosia
 <small>(divorced)</small>
- **children**: Anastasia Nicosia
- **alma mater**: Sapienza University of Rome
- **profession**: Journalist
- **signature**: Laura Boldrini's signature.svg
Giuseppe Saragat

**Giuseppe Saragat** (; 19 September 1898 – 11 June 1988) was an Italian politician who was the president of Italy from 1964 to 1971.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Giuseppe Saragat
- **image**: Giuseppe Saragat (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Saragat in 1971
- **office**: President of Italy
- **term start**: 29 December 1964
- **term end**: 29 December 1971
- **primeminister**: Aldo Moro
Giovanni Leone
Mariano Rumor
Emilio Colombo
- **predecessor**: Antonio Segni
- **successor**: Giovanni Leone
- **order1**: Minister of Foreign Affairs (Italy), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **term start1**: 4 December 1963
- **term end1**: 22 July 1964
- **primeminister1**: Aldo Moro
- **predecessor1**: Attilio Piccioni
- **successor1**: Aldo Moro
- **order2**: Deputy Prime Minister of Italy
- **primeminister3**: Alcide De Gasperi
- **predecessor3**: Position established
- **successor3**: Attilio Piccioni
- **term start3**: 1 June 1947
- **term end3**: 27 January 1950
- **predecessor2**: Attilio Piccioni
- **successor2**: Giuseppe Pella
- **primeminister2**: Mario Scelba
Antonio Segni
- **term start2**: 10 February 1954
- **term end2**: 19 May 1957
- **order4**: Italian Parliament, President of the Constituent Assembly
- **predecessor4**: Carlo Sforza
- **successor4**: Umberto Terracini
- **term start4**: 25 June 1946
- **term end4**: 6 February 1947
- **birth place**: Turin, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Lazio, Italy
- **nationality**: Italian people, Italian
- **spouse**: Giuseppina Bollani (died 14 January 1961)
- **party**: Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1922), Unitary Socialist Party

Italian Socialist Party

Italian Democratic Socialist Party

- **alma mater**: University of Turin
Giovanni Gronchi

**Giovanni Gronchi**,  (; 10 September 1887 – 17 October 1978) was an Italian Christian Democratic politician. He was the president of Italy from 1955 to 1962.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Giovanni Gronchi
- **image**: Giovanni Gronchi.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 1955
- **office**: President of Italy
- **primeminister**: Mario Scelba
Antonio Segni
Adone Zoli
Amintore Fanfani
Antonio Segni
Fernando Tambroni
- **term start**: 11 May 1955
- **term end**: 11 May 1962
- **predecessor**: Luigi Einaudi
- **successor**: Antonio Segni
- **order2**: Chamber of Deputies (Italy), President of the Chamber of Deputies
- **predecessor2**: Umberto Terracini
- **successor2**: Giovanni Leone
- **term start2**: 8 May 1948
- **term end2**: 29 April 1955
- **order3**: Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies (Italy), Minister of Industry and Trade
- **primeminister3**: Ivanoe Bonomi
Ferruccio Parri
Alcide de Gasperi
- **predecessor3**: Attilio Di Napoli
- **successor3**: Rodolfo Morandi
- **term start3**: 18 June 1944
- **term end3**: 1 July 1946
- **order4**: Member of the Senate of the Republic (Italy), Senate
- **term start4**: 11 May 1962
- **term end4**: 17 October 1978

- **birth place**: Pontedera, Tuscany, Kingdom of Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Lazio, Italy
- **nationality**: Italian nationality law, Italian
- **party**: Italian People's Party (1919), Italian People's Party

Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy

- **spouse**: ; his death
- **alma mater**: Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
- **profession**: Teacher
- **signature**: Giovanni Gronchi signature.svg
Giovanni Leone

**Giovanni Leone** (; 3 November 1908 – 9 November 2001) was an Italian politician, jurist and university professor. He was a founding member of the Christian Democracy (DC). He was the president of Italy from December 1971 until June 1978.

He also was prime minister from June to December 1963 and again from June to December 1968. He was also President of the Chamber of Deputies from May 1955 until June 1963.

Leone was the first Italian president to resign for a scandal. In 1978, he was accused of bribery and these allegations were proven false.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **embed**: yes
- **office4**: Member of the Senate of the Republic (Italy), Senate
- **term start4**: 15 June 1978
- **term end4**: 9 November 2001

- **term start5**: 27 August 1967
- **term end5**: 29 December 1971
**Senators for life in Italy, For life**
- **office6**: Member of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Chamber of Deputies
- **term start6**: 8 May 1948
- **term end6**: 26 August 1967
- **constituency6**: List of Italian constituencies (1946–1994)#Naples–Caserta, Naples–Caserta
- **office7**: Member of the Constituent Assembly of Italy, Constituent Assembly
- **term start7**: 25 June 1946
- **term end7**: 31 January 1948
- **constituency7**: List of Italian constituencies (1946–1994)#Naples–Caserta, Naples–Caserta
- **birth place**: Naples, Kingdom of Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **party**: Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy
- **children**: 4
- **alma mater**: University of Naples
- **signature**: Giovanni Leone signature.svg


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Giovanni Leone
- **image**: Giovanni Leone Official.jpg
- **office**: President of Italy
- **primeminister**: Emilio Colombo
Giulio Andreotti
Mariano Rumor
Aldo Moro
Giulio Andreotti
- **term start**: 29 December 1971
- **term end**: 15 June 1978
- **predecessor**: Giuseppe Saragat
- **successor**: Sandro Pertini
- **order2**: Prime Minister of Italy
- **term start2**: 25 June 1968
- **term end2**: 13 December 1968
- **predecessor2**: Aldo Moro
- **successor2**: Mariano Rumor
- **president2**: Giuseppe Saragat
- **term start3**: 22 June 1963
- **term end3**: 5 December 1963
- **predecessor3**: Amintore Fanfani
- **successor3**: Aldo Moro
- **president3**: Antonio Segni
- **order4**: List of presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy), President of the Chamber of Deputies
- **term start4**: 10 May 1955
- **term end4**: 21 June 1963
- **predecessor4**: Giovanni Gronchi
- **successor4**: Brunetto Bucciarelli-Ducci
Nilde Iotti

**Leonilde Iotti**, commonly known as **Nilde Iotti** (; 10 April 1920 – 4 December 1999) was an Italian politician. She was a  member of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). She was the first woman and only member of the PCI to become President of the Chamber of Deputies.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Nilde Iotti
- **image**: Nilde Iotti.png
- **order**: List of Presidents of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, President of the Chamber of Deputies
- **term start**: 20 June 1979
- **term end**: 22 April 1992
- **predecessor**: Pietro Ingrao
- **successor**: Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
- **office2**: Member of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Chamber of Deputies
- **term start2**: 8 May 1948
- **term end2**: 4 December 1999
- **constituency2**: Parma <small>(1948–1958)</small>
Bologna <small>(1958–1968)</small>
Parma <small>(1968–1994)</small>
Marche <small>(1994–1999)</small>
- **office3**: Member of the Constituent Assembly of Italy, Constituent Assembly
- **term start3**: 25 June 1946
- **term end3**: 31 January 1948
- **constituency3**: List of Italian constituencies (1946–1994)#Parma, Parma
- **birth place**: Reggio Emilia, Kingdom of Italy, Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **nationality**: Italian people, Italian
- **profession**: Politician
Teacher
- **partner**: Palmiro Togliatti
- **alma mater**: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
- **party**: Italian Communist Party, PCI <small>(1943–1991)</small>
Democratic Party of the Left, PDS <small>(1991–1998)</small>
Democrats of the Left, DS <small>(1998–1999)</small>
- **website**: [http://www.fondazionenildeiotti.it/index.php  Nilde Iotti Foundation]
Irene Pivetti

**Irene Pivetti** (born 4 April 1963) is an Italian journalist, television presenter and politician. She has been President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies from 1994 to 1996.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Irene Pivetti
- **image**: Irene Pivetti 3 (cropped).jpg
- **order**: List of presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy), President of the Chamber of Deputies
- **term start**: 16 April 1994
- **term end**: 8 May 1996
- **predecessor**: Giorgio Napolitano
- **successor**: Luciano Violante
- **order1**: Member of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Chamber of Deputies
- **term start1**: 23 April 1992
- **term end1**: 29 May 2001
- **constituency1**: Milan <small>(1992–1996)</small>
Varese <small>(1996–2001)</small>
- **birth place**: Milan, Italy
- **nationality**: Italians, Italian
- **alma mater**: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
- **profession**: Journalist, Politician
- **party**: Lega Nord, LN <small>(1989–1996)</small>
 Federal Italy, IF <small>(1996–1998)</small>
Italian Renewal, RI <small>(1998–1999)</small>
Union of Democrats for Europe, UDEUR <small>(1999–2002)</small>
Federation of Christian Populars, FDCP <small>(2013–2016)</small>
Lega Nord, LN <small>(2016–2018)</small>
 Forza Italia (2013), FI <small>(since 2019)</small>
Luciano Violante

**Luciano Violante** (born 25 September 1941) is an Italian judge and politician. He was a member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies from 1979 to 2008.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Luciano Violante
- **image**: Luciano Violante daticamera.jpg
- **office**: List of Presidents of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, President of the Chamber of Deputies
- **term start**: 10 May 1996
- **term end**: 29 May 2001
- **predecessor**: Irene Pivetti
- **successor**: Pier Ferdinando Casini
- **office2**: Italian Chamber of Deputies, Member of the Chamber of Deputies
- **term start2**: 20 June 1979
- **term end2**: 28 April 2008
- **birth place**: Dire Dawa, Italian East Africa
- **party**: Italian Communist Party, Communist Party
Democratic Party of the Left
Democrats of the Left
Democratic Party (Italy), Democratic Party
- **alma mater**: University of Bari
Gianfranco Fini

**Gianfranco Fini** (born 3 January 1952) is an Italian politician. He was the president of the Italian Chamber of Deputies from 2008 to 2013.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gianfranco Fini
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG
- **image**: Gianfranco Fini 2016.jpg
- **order**: List of Presidents of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, President of the Chamber of Deputies
- **term start**: 30 April 2008
- **term end**: 14 March 2013
- **predecessor**: Fausto Bertinotti
- **successor**: Laura Boldrini
- **order2**: Deputy Prime Minister of Italy
- **primeminister2**: Silvio Berlusconi
- **term start2**: 11 June 2001
- **term end2**: 17 May 2006
- **president2**: Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
- **order3**: Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **term start3**: 18 November 2004
- **term end3**: 17 May 2006
- **president3**: Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
- **primeminister3**: Silvio Berlusconi
- **predecessor3**: Franco Frattini
- **successor3**: Massimo D'Alema
- **order4**: Member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, Chamber of Deputies
- **constituency4**: Rome
- **term start4**: 12 July 1983
- **term end4**: 15 March 2013
- **birth place**: Bologna, Italy
- **nationality**: Italy, Italian
- **spouse**: Daniela Di Sotto <small>(1988–2007)</small>
- **partner**: Elisabetta Tulliani
<small>(2008–present)</small>
- **party**: Italian Social Movement, MSI <small>(1968–1995)</small>
National Alliance (Italy), AN <small>(1995–2009)</small>
The People of Freedom, PdL <small>(2009–2010)</small>
Future and Freedom, FLI <small>(2010–2013)</small>
- **children**: Giuliana
Carolina
Martina
- **residence**: Rome, Lazio, Italy
- **alma mater**: Sapienza University of Rome
- **profession**: Journalist
 Politician
Fausto Bertinotti

**Fausto Bertinotti** (born 22 March 1940) is an Italian politician. He led the Communist Refoundation Party (_Partito della Rifondazione Comunista_) from 1994 to 2006.

On 29 April 2006, he was elected President of the Chamber of Deputies, a position he held until 2008.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Fausto Bertinotti
- **image**: Fausto Bertinotti 2008.jpg
- **caption**: Bertinotti in 2008
- **office**: President of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)
- **predecessor**: Pier Ferdinando Casini
- **successor**: Gianfranco Fini
- **office1**: Member of the European Parliament
- **constituency1**: Southern Italy (European Parliament constituency), Southern Italy
- **office2**: Member of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Chamber of Deputies
- **constituency2**: Piedmont
- **office3**: List of secretaries of the Communist Refoundation Party, Secretary of the Communist Refoundation Party
- **predecessor3**: Sergio Garavini
- **successor3**: Franco Giordano
- **birth place**: Milan, Italy
- **nationality**: Italian
- **children**: 1
Montefalcione

**Montefalcione** (Irpino: ) is a town and _comune_ of the province of Avellino in the Campania region of southern Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Montefalcione
- **official name**: Comune di Montefalcione
- **image skyline**: Montefalcione.JPG
- **image caption**: Montefalcione
- **image shield**: Montefalcione-Stemma.svg
- **province**: (AV)
- **mayor party**: centre (politics), centre
- **mayor**: Angelo Antonio D'Agostino
- **area total km2**: 15.15
- **population total**: 3461
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population demonym**: Montefalcionesi
- **elevation m**: 523
- **saint**: St. Anthony of Padua
- **day**: 13 June
- **postal code**: 83030
- **area code**: 0825
Arthur Lira

**Arthur César Pereira de Lira** (born 25 June 1969), or simply **Arthur Lira**, is a Brazilian lawyer, farmer, businessman and politician. He has been the Federal Deputy for Alagoas since 2011. He is a member of Progressistas (PP). He is the President of the Chamber of Deputies since February 2021.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Arthur Lira
- **image**: Deputado Arthur Lira em 2016 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Lira in 2016
- **office**: President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), President of the Chamber of Deputies
- **term start**: 1 February 2021
- **predecessor**: Rodrigo Maia
- **office1**: Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), Chamber Progressistas Leader
- **term start1**: 14 February 2017
- **term end1**: 1 February 2021
- **predecessor1**: Aguinaldo Ribeiro
- **successor1**: Cacá Leão
- **office2**: Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), Federal Deputy from Alagoas
- **term start2**: 1 February 2011
- **office3**: State Deputy of Alagoas
- **term start3**: 1 February 1999
- **term end3**: 1 February 2011
- **office4**: City Councillor of Maceió
- **term start4**: 1 January 1993
- **term end4**: 1 February 1999
- **birth name**: Arthur César Pereira de Lira
- **birth place**: Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- **party**: Progressistas, PP (2009–present)
- **alma mater**: Federal University of Alagoas
- **mother**: Ivanete Pereira
- **father**: Benedito de Lira
- **profession**: Entrepreneur, farmer, lawyer
Rodrigo Pacheco (politician)

**Rodrigo Otavio Soares Pacheco** (born 3 November 1976) is a Brazilian politician and lawyer. He is the President of the Federal Senate since 2021 and of the National Congress of Brazil since 2019. He was in the chamber of deputies from 2015 to 2019.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Rodrigo Pacheco
- **image**: Senador Rodrigo Pacheco.jpg
- **caption**: Pacheco in 2019
- **office**: President of the Federal Senate (Brazil), President of the Federal Senate
- **term start**: 1 February 2021
- **predecessor**: Davi Alcolumbre
- **office1**: Brazilian Senate, Senator for Minas Gerais
- **term start1**: 1 February 2019
- **office2**: Brazilian Senate, Senate Democrats (Brazil), DEM Leader
- **term start2**: 6 February 2019
- **term end2**: 1 February 2021
- **predecessor2**: Ronaldo Caiado
- **successor2**: Marcos Rogério da Silva Brito, Marcos Rogério
- **office3**: Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), Federal Deputy for Minas Gerais
- **term start3**: 1 February 2015
- **term end3**: 31 January 2019
- **birth name**: Rodrigo Otavio Soares Pacheco
- **birth place**: Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- **party**: Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011), PSD (2021–present)
- **otherparty**: Democrats (Brazil), DEM (2018–21)

Brazilian Democratic Movement, MDB (2010–18)
- **signature**: Rodrigo Otavio Soares Pacheco assinatura.jpg
Luiz Fux

**Luiz Fux** () (born 26 April 1953) is a Brazilian judge. He is the current Chief Justice of the Supreme Federal Court since 2020. He was appointed as a justice of the Court by President Dilma Rousseff in 2011 and had his nomination approved by the Senate. He is the first Jewish Brazilian member of the Court.

He was a minister of the Superior Court of Justice.

## Infobox (judge)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Luiz Fux
- **image**: Luiz Fux-2012-edit.jpg
- **office**: Supreme Federal Court, President of the Supreme Federal Court
- **term start**: September 10, 2020
- **vicepresident**: Rosa Weber
- **predecessor**: Dias Toffoli
- **office1**: Supreme Federal Court, Justice of the Supreme Federal Court
- **termstart1**: March 3, 2011
- **appointer1**: Dilma Rousseff
- **predecessor1**: Eros Grau
- **birth place**: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **spouse**: Eliane Fux
- **children**: Marianna
Rodrigo
- **alma mater**: State University of Rio de Janeiro
Slade Brockman

**William Edward Slade Brockman** (born 27 March 1970) is an Australian politician. He has been a Senator for Western Australia since 2017, representing the Liberal Party. He was elected President of the Australian Senate in October 2021 following the resignation of Scott Ryan.

## Infobox (mp)

- **honorific-prefix**: Australian Senate, Senator the Honourable
- **name**: Slade Brockman
- **office**: President of the Australian Senate
- **term start**: 18 October 2021
- **predecessor**: Scott Ryan (Australian politician), Scott Ryan
- **office1**: Australian Senate, Senator for Western Australia
- **term start1**: 16 August 2017
- **predecessor1**: Chris Back
- **birthname**: William Edward Slade Brockman
- **birth place**: Manjimup, Western Australia, Australia
- **nationality**: Australian
- **party**: Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal Party
- **residence**: Perth, Western Australia
- **alma mater**: Murdoch University
University of New England (Australia), University of New England
Pseudis platensis

***Pseudis platensis*** is a frog that lives in Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil.

Scientists used to think this was the same frog as _Pseudis paradoxa_.  They said it was a subspecies.  They called it _Pseudis paradoxa platensis_.  Then, in 2007, scientists looked at the frog's genes.  The genes of _Pseudis platensis_ were different enough from _Pseudis paradoxa_ to say it was its own species.
Andrew Wallace

**Andrew Bruce Wallace** (born 27 February 1968) is an Australian politician. He is the 31st Speaker of the House of Representatives since 2021. He is a member of the Liberal Party. He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2016.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Andrew Wallace
- **honorific-suffix**: Australian House of Representatives, MP
- **image**:
- **office**: 31st Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
- **deputy**: Llew O'Brien
- **predecessor**: Tony Smith (Victorian politician), Tony Smith
- **constituency mp1**: Division of Fisher, Fisher
- **parliament1**: Australian
- **predecessor1**: Mal Brough
- **birth place**: Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- **party**: Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal (federal)
- **otherparty**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, LNP (state)
- **alma mater**: Queensland University of Technology
- **profession**: Builder, barrister
Powa Technologies

**Powa Technologies** was a technology company, based in the United Kingdom. It is known for its commerce, mobile commerce and e-commerce services. The company’s flagship product was the mobile application _PowaTag_.  In February 2016, investment company Wellington Management appointed professional services firm Deloitte as administrators of Powa Technologies.

## History

Powa was founded in 2007 by British businessman Dan Wagner. The company got the largest Series A funding round for a technology start-up at the time, collecting $76 million in August 2013.  The investment attracted the attention of David Cameron.

In June 2014, Powa Technologies bought Hong Kong business MPayMe and its ZNAP technology. So Wagner suggested that Powa had a business value of $2.6 billion.

In 2015, they announced that their planned LSE £1.6 billion float would be suspended until the year.  By early 2016, the company had run into financial difficulties, missing payments to staff and third parties.

Its Hong Kong office did not pay its employees on time and its ex-employees within 7 days, with some employees having to seek help from the Labor Department. On 28 January 2016, Alessandro Gadotti became CEO of PowaTag in the effort of restructuring the business.

During his leadership, he also served as the Group's interim CEO<nowiki/>s, supporting the process and the sale of the Group's companies. On February 19, 2016, Powa Technologies was transferred to management, and on February 23, 2016, Powa Technologies made 74 of its London-based staff redundant.

On 24 February 2016, Powa Technologies filed for bankruptcy and fired most of its employees. Wellington Management, an investment firm, has appointed Deloitte Professional Services as PowaTag administrators.

### PowaTag

PowaTag was a technology for mobile payments and mobile application by Powa Technologies. PowaTag was launched at a March 2014 event in New York by Powa CEO Dan Wagner. It was reported that at the time of launch, more than 240 retailers had signed up to use the service.  However, later reports showed that most of the companies had only written non-binding Letters of Intent.

- Specifics

Thanks to the application, users could shop with a smartphone, where the payment and delivery data are tied to a specific smartphone device. The app contained elements of QR code detection, audio recognition, and beacon technology.

Audio watermarks in the form of insensitive tones embedded within radio, commercials, or live broadcast events were detectable by the app, that taking users to a mobile commerce store where you could make a purchase.

## Related pages

- Electronic money

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Powa Technologies
- **founder**: Dan Wagner
- **hq location city**: Heron Tower, Bishopsgate, London
- **hq location country**: United Kingdom
Chief Justice of Australia

The **Chief Justice of Australia** is the presiding Justice of the High Court of Australia and the highest-ranking judicial officer in the Commonwealth of Australia. The current chief justice is Susan Kiefel, who is the first woman to hold the position.

## List

|scope="col"|No.|scope="col"|Image|scope="col"|Chief Justice|scope="col"|Tenure|scope="col"|Nominating Prime Minister|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|scope="row"|1||Sir Samuel Griffith (21 June 1845 – 9 August 1920)|()|Alfred Deakin|||||
|scope="row"|2||Sir Adrian Knox (29 November 1863 – 27 April 1932)|18 October 1919 – 31 March 1930 ()|Billy Hughes|||||
|scope="row"|3||Sir Isaac Isaacs (6 June 1855 – 11 February 1948)|2 April 1930 – 21 January 1931 ()|James Scullin|||||
|scope="row"|4||Sir Frank Gavan Duffy (29 February 1852 – 29 July 1936)|22 January 1931 – 1 October 1935 ()|James Scullin|||||
|scope="row"|5||Sir John Latham (26 August 1877 – 25 July 1964)|11 October 1935 – 7 April 1952 ()|Joseph Lyons|||||
|scope="row"|6||Sir Owen Dixon (28 April 1886 – 7 July 1972)|18 April 1952 – 13 April 1964 ()|Sir Robert Menzies|||||
|scope="row"|7||Sir Garfield Barwick (22 June 1903 – 13 July 1997)|27 April 1964 – 11 February 1981 ()|Sir Robert Menzies|||||
|scope="row"|8||Sir Harry Gibbs (7 February 1917 – 25 June 2005)|12 February 1981 – 5 February 1987 ()|Malcolm Fraser|||||
|scope="row"|9||Sir Anthony Mason (born 21 April 1925)|6 February 1987 – 20 April 1995 ()|Bob Hawke|||||
|scope="row"|10||Sir Gerard Brennan (22 May 1928 – 1 June 2022)|21 April 1995 – 21 May 1998 ()|Paul Keating|||||
|scope="row"|11||Murray Gleeson (born 30 August 1938)|22 May 1998 – 29 August 2008 ()|John Howard|||||
|scope="row"|12||Robert French (born 19 March 1947)|1 September 2008 – 29 January 2017 ()|Kevin Rudd|||||
|13||Susan Kiefel (born 17 January 1954)|30 January 2017 – present ()|Malcolm Turnbull||||||

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Chief Justice
- **body**: Australia
- **insigniasize**: 110px
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of Arms of Australia
- **image**: Susan Kiefel 2011.jpg
- **alt**: The Chief Justice of Australia
- **incumbent**: Susan Kiefel, <small>Companion of the Order of Australia, AC</small>
- **incumbentsince**: 30 January 2017
- **style**: The Honourable
- **nominator**: Prime Minister of Australia
- **appointer**: Governor-General of Australia
- **termlength**: No set term, though retirement is mandatory at age 70
- **inaugural**: Sir Samuel Griffith
- **formation**: 5 October 1903
- **salary**: Australian Dollar, $584,520
- **website**: [http://www.hcourt.gov.au]
Gerard Brennan

**Sir Francis Gerard Brennan** (22 May 1928 – 1 June 2022) was an Australian lawyer and jurist. He was the 10th Chief Justice of Australia, appointed by Prime Minister Paul Keating in 1995. Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser appointed Brennan to the court in 1981.

## Infobox (judge)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Sir Gerard Brennan
- **nationality**: Australian
- **order**: 10th
- **office**: Chief Justice of Australia
- **term start**: 21 April 1995
- **term end**: 21 May 1998
- **appointer**: Bill Hayden
- **nominator**: Paul Keating
- **predecessor**: Anthony Mason (judge), Anthony Mason
- **successor**: Murray Gleeson
- **office2**: List of Justices of the High Court of Australia, Justice of the High Court of Australia
- **term start2**: 12 February 1981
- **term end2**: 21 April 1995
- **appointer2**: Malcolm Fraser
- **predecessor2**: Harry Gibbs
- **successor2**: William Gummow
- **birth name**: Francis Gerard Brennan
- **birth place**: Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
- **children**: 7
Murray Gleeson

**Anthony Murray Gleeson** (born 30 August 1938) is an Australian former judge. He was the 11th Chief Justice of Australia, in office from 1998 to 2008.

On 7 November 2008, Gleeson was appointed a non-permanent judge of the Court of Final Appeal of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

## Infobox (chinese)

- **embed**: yes
- **child**: yes
- **j**: Gei<sup>2</sup> Lai<sup>5</sup> Seon<sup>3</sup>
- **y**: Géi Laahp Seun


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Murray Gleeson
- **image**: Murray Gleeson.jpg
- **caption**: Gleeson in 2006
- **order**: 11th Chief Justice of Australia
- **term start**: 22 May 1998
- **term end**: 29 August 2008
- **appointer**: Sir William Deane
- **nominator**: John Howard
- **predecessor**: Sir Gerard Brennan
- **successor**: Robert French
- **order2**: 15th Chief Justice of New South Wales
- **term start2**: 2 November 1988
- **term end2**: 21 May 1998
- **appointer2**: Sir James Rowland (RAAF officer), James Rowland
- **nominator2**: Nick Greiner
- **predecessor2**: Sir Laurence Street
- **successor2**: James Spigelman
- **office3**: Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong), Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong
- **term start3**: 1 March 2009
- **appointer3**: Donald Tsang
- **birth place**: Wingham, New South Wales, Australia
- **alma mater**: University of Sydney
Pekka Rinne

**Pekka Rinne** (born 3 November, 1982) is an Finnish former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played for almost 10 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Nashville Predators. He also played for Oulun Kärpät of the SM-Liiga and for Dinamo Minsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).

During his career, Rinne was a very successful goaltender. Rinne won the Vezina Trophy in 2017. He also helped lead the Predators to their first Stanley Cup Final in 2017.

On July 13, 2021, Rinne announced that he was retiring from professional hockey. On February 24, 2022, the Predators also announced that Rinne's number 35 jersey would be the first jersey number to be retired in team history.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: 20100206 Pekka Rinne-1 (4354133199).jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Rinne with the Nashville Predators on February 6, 2010
- **birth place**: Kempele, Finland
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lb**: 216
- **position**: Goaltender
- **caught**: Left
- **played for**: **National Hockey League, NHL:**
Nashville Predators
**Liiga, SM-l:**
Oulun Kärpät
**Kontinental Hockey League, KHL:**
HC Dinamo Minsk, Dinamo Minsk
- **ntl team**: FIN
- **draft**: 258th overall
- **draft year**: 2004
- **draft team**: Nashville Predators
- **career start**: 2002
- **career end**: 2021
Robert French

**Robert Shenton French**  (born 19 March 1947) is an Australian lawyer and judge. He was the twelfth Chief Justice of Australia, in office from 2008 to 2017. He has been the chancellor of the University of Western Australia since 2017.

## Infobox (chinese)

- **embed**: yes
- **child**: yes
- **j**: Faan<sup>6</sup> Lai<sup>5</sup> Cyun<sup>4</sup>
- **y**: Faahn Láih Chyùhn


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Robert French
- **nationality**: Australia
- **image**: Robert French.jpg
- **order**: 12th Chief Justice of Australia
- **term start**: 1 September 2008
- **term end**: 29 January 2017
- **appointer**: Michael Jeffery
- **nominator**: Kevin Rudd
- **predecessor**: Murray Gleeson
- **successor**: Susan Kiefel
- **office2**: Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong), Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong
- **term start2**: 31 May 2017
- **appointer2**: Leung Chun-ying
- **birth place**: Perth, Western Australia
- **spouse**: Valerie
- **children**: 3
Susan Kiefel

**Susan Mary Kiefel**  (; born 17 January 1954) is an Australian lawyer and judge. She is the chief justice of Australia since 30 January 2017. She has been on the High Court since 2007. Kiefel is the first woman to serve as Chief Justice.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable Chief Justice of Australia, Chief Justice
- **name**: Susan Kiefel
- **image**: Susan Kiefel 2011.jpg
- **caption**: Kiefel in 2011
- **order**: 13th
- **office**: Chief Justice of Australia
- **term start**: 30 January 2017
- **appointer**: Sir Peter Cosgrove
- **nominator**: Malcolm Turnbull
- **predecessor**: Robert French
- **office2**: List of Justices of the High Court of Australia, Justice of the High Court of Australia
- **nominator2**: John Howard
- **appointer2**: Michael Jeffery
- **term start2**: 4 September 2007
- **predecessor2**: Ian Callinan
- **office3**: List of judges of the Federal Court of Australia, Judge of the Federal Court of Australia
- **nominator3**: Paul Keating
- **appointer3**: Bill Hayden
- **term start3**: 17 October 1994
- **term end3**: 4 September 2007
- **office5**: List of judges of the Supreme Court of Queensland, Judge of the Supreme Court of Queensland
- **nominator5**: Wayne Goss
- **appointer5**: Leneen Forde
- **term start5**: 16 June 1993
- **term end5**: 16 October 1994
- **alma mater**: Legal Profession Admission Board
 Wolfson College, Cambridge
- **birth place**: Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- **spouse**: Michael Albrecht
- **nationality**: Australian
Wittibreut

**Wittibreut** is a municipality in Rottal-Inn in Bavaria, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Wittibreut COA.svg
- **image plan**: Wittibreut in PAN.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Niederbayern
- **district**: Rottal-Inn
- **elevation**: 480
- **area**: 38.35
- **postal code**: 84384
- **area code**: 08574
- **licence**: PAN
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 2 77 152
- **website**: [http://www.wittibreut.de www.wittibreut.de]
- **mayor**: Christine Moser
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: CSU
Wurmannsquick

**Wurmannsquick** is a municipality in Rottal-Inn in Bavaria in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Wurmannsquick COA.svg
- **image plan**: Wurmannsquick in PAN.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Niederbayern
- **district**: Rottal-Inn
- **elevation**: 500
- **area**: 49.09
- **postal code**: 84329
- **area code**: 08725
- **licence**: PAN
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 2 77 153
- **divisions**: 7 Ortsteile
- **website**: [http://www.wurmannsquick.de/ www.wurmannsquick.de]
- **mayor**: Georg Thurmeier
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: CSU
Zeilarn

**Zeilarn** is a municipality in Rottal-Inn in Bavaria, Germany.

### Geographical position

Zeilarn is in the region Landshut in a Lower Bavarian landscape of hills directly along the B20 about 14 km southeast of Eggenfelden, 18 km northeast of Altötting, 20 km north of Burghausen, 17 km northwest of Simbach and 20 km southwest of the county town Pfarrkirchen. The nearest train station is in Marktl.

### Municipal structure

Zeilarn has 87 officially named districts:

- Aiching
- Babing
- Baumgarten
- Berg
- Berger
- Berghäusl
- Bildsberg
- Binderhäusl
- Brandstetten
- Breitreit
- Dambach
- Dofler
- Dornlehen
- Eben
- Edstall
- Enghasling
- Feichting
- Fingerer
- Fixing
- Frieding
- Gasteig
- Gehersdorf
- Gitzelhub
- Gitzelmühle
- Griesmühle
- Grillenhögl
- Großstraß
- Grub
- Grubwies
- Gumpersdorf
- Haid
- Hasling
- Haus
- Hempelsberg
- Hinterau
- Hochwimm
- Höllgrub
- Holzleithen
- Kagerwies
- Kellndorf
- Kleinstraß
- Knogler
- Kochsöd
- Kohlöd
- Königsöd
- Köpfing
- Kreimel
- Lanhofen
- Lederschmid
- Lehen
- Lueg
- Maisthub
- Mannersdorf
- Narrenham
- Oberlehen
- Oberndorf
- Obertürken
- Ofenschwarz
- Passelsberg
- Pirach
- Plöcking
- Prehof
- Rupprechtsaign
- Schallhub
- Schatzlöd
- Schildthurn
- Schmiding
- Schreding
- Schwertfelln
- Sonnertsham
- Speckhaus
- Stockwimm
- Straß
- Thalreuth
- Thannenthal
- Thurnöd
- Vorderau
- Waldmann
- Walln
- Wetzl
- Wiesmühle
- Wiesmühle am Türkenbach
- Wimmhäusl
- Wolfgrub
- Zantlbauer
- Zauner am Högl
- **Zeilarn**

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Zeilarn COA.svg
- **image plan**: Zeilarn in PAN.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Niederbayern
- **district**: Rottal-Inn
- **elevation**: 399-506
- **area**: 28.88
- **postal code**: 84367
- **area code**: 08572
- **licence**: PAN, EG
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 2 77 154
- **mayor**: Werner Lechl
- **leader term**: 2020–26
Altendorf, Upper Palatinate

**Altendorf** is a municipality in Schwandorf in Bavaria, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Altendorf
- **image coa**: DEU Altendorf (Landkreis Schwandorf) COA.svg
- **image photo**: Altendorf 10 05 2017 04.JPG
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Altendorf
- **image plan**: Altendorf in SAD.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberpfalz
- **district**: Schwandorf
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Nabburg
- **elevation**: 368-573
- **area**: 23.16
- **postal code**: 92540
- **area code**: 0 96 75
- **licence**: SAD
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 3 76 112
- **website**: [http://www.gemeinde-altendorf.de www.gemeinde-altendorf.de]
- **mayor**: Markus Schiesl
- **leader term**: 2020–26
Bodenwöhr

**Bodenwöhr** is a municipality in Schwandorf in Bavaria, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Bodenwöhr COA.svg
- **image plan**: Bodenwöhr in SAD.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Oberpfalz
- **district**: Schwandorf
- **elevation**: 374
- **area**: 51.91
- **postal code**: 92439
- **area code**: 0 94 34
- **licence**: SAD
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 3 76 116
- **divisions**: 16 Gemeindeteile
- **mayor**: Georg Hoffmann
- **leader term**: 2019–25
- **party**: CSU
Bruck in der Oberpfalz

**Bruck in der Oberpfalz** is a market town in Schwandorf in the Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Bruck i.d.Opf.
- **image coa**: DEU Bruck in der Oberpfalz COA.svg
- **image plan**: Bruck in der Oberpfalz in SAD.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Oberpfalz
- **district**: Schwandorf
- **elevation**: 368
- **area**: 33.09
- **postal code**: 92436
- **area code**: 0 94 34
- **licence**: SAD
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 3 76 117
- **website**: [http://www.bruck-i-d-opf.de/ www.bruck-i-d-opf.de]
- **mayor**: Heike Faltermeier
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: CSU
Burglengenfeld

**Burglengenfeld** is a town in Schwandorf, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Naab, 22 km north of Regensburg.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image coa**: DEU Burglengenfeld COA.svg
- **image photo**: Kreuzberg Burglengenfeld.jpg
- **image caption**: Kreuzbergkirche in Burglengenfeld
- **image plan**: Burglengenfeld in SAD.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberpfalz
- **district**: Schwandorf
- **elevation**: 355
- **area**: 93.28
- **postal code**: 93133
- **area code**: 0 94 71
- **licence**: SAD, BUL, NAB, NEN, OVI, ROD
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 3 76 119
- **divisions**: 4 Stadtteile
- **website**: [http://www.burglengenfeld.de/ www.burglengenfeld.de]
- **mayor**: Thomas Gesche
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: CSU
Dieterskirchen

**Dieterskirchen** is a municipality in Schwandorf in Bavaria, Germany.

## Neighbouring communities

The neighbouring communities clockwise: Oberviechtach, Winklarn, Thanstein, Neunburg vorm Wald, Schwarzhofen and Niedermurach.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Dieterskirchen COA.svg
- **image skyline**: Dieterskirchen 10 Mai 2017 01.jpg
- **image caption**: Dieterskirchen in 2017
- **image plan**: Dieterskirchen in SAD.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberpfalz
- **district**: Schwandorf
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Neunburg vorm Wald
- **elevation**: 499
- **area**: 24.14
- **postal code**: 92542
- **area code**: 0 96 71
- **licence**: SAD
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 3 76 122
- **mayor**: Anita Forster
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: CSU
Fensterbach

**Fensterbach** is a municipality in Schwandorf in Bavaria, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Fensterbach (Oberpfalz).svg
- **image photo**: St Albertus Magnus - Dürnsricht 001.jpg
- **image caption**: Church of Saint Albertus Magnus in Dürnsricht
- **image plan**: Fensterbach in SAD.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberpfalz
- **district**: Schwandorf
- **elevation**: 390
- **area**: 26.79
- **postal code**: 92269
- **area code**: 09438
- **licence**: SAD
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 3 76 125
- **website**: [https://www.fensterbach.de/ www.fensterbach.de]
- **mayor**: Christian Ziegler
- **leader term**: 2020–26
Gleiritsch

**Gleiritsch** is a municipality in Schwandorf in Bavaria, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Gleiritsch_04_Mai_2014_01.JPG
- **image coa**: DEU Gleiritsch COA.svg
- **image plan**: Gleiritsch in SAD.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberpfalz
- **district**: Schwandorf
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Oberviechtach
- **elevation**: 493
- **area**: 10.94
- **postal code**: 92723
- **area code**: 0 96 55
- **licence**: SAD
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 3 76 131
- **website**: [http://www.gleiritsch.de/ www.gleiritsch.de]
- **mayor**: Josef Pretzl
- **leader term**: 2020–26
Guteneck

**Guteneck** is a municipality in Schwandorf in Bavaria, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Guteneck COA.svg
- **image plan**: Guteneck in SAD.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberpfalz
- **district**: Schwandorf
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Nabburg
- **elevation**: 390-603
- **area**: 35.06
- **postal code**: 92543
- **area code**: 0 94 33 u. 0 96 75
- **licence**: SAD
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 3 76 133
- **website**: [http://www.guteneck.de/ www.guteneck.de]
- **mayor**: Johann Wilhelm
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: CSU
Maxhütte-Haidhof

**Maxhütte-Haidhof** () is a municipality in Schwandorf, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 21 km north of Regensburg.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image coa**: DEU Maxhütte-Haidhof COA.svg
- **image plan**: Maxhütte-Haidhof in SAD.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberpfalz
- **district**: Schwandorf
- **elevation**: 416
- **area**: 34.71
- **postal code**: 93142
- **area code**: 0 94 71
- **licence**: SAD
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 3 76 141
- **website**: [http://www.maxhuette-haidhof.de www.maxhuette-haidhof.de]
- **mayor**: Rudolf Seidl
- **leader term**: 2020–26
Clarivate

**Clarivate Analytics** is an independent US company founded in 2016 that manages databases, information systems, and intellectual property collections funded by a subscription to its services. The company is focused on scientific and academic research, patent analysis and legal regulation, pharmaceutical and biotechnological research, patents, and regulatory compliance; trademark protection, and domain and brand protection.

From 1992 until 2016, the company's intellectual property belonged to Thomson Reuters, because it was a branch of IP & Science. On October 3, 2016, it jumped into an independent company.

The purpose of the company to select, analyze and provide high-quality information for scientists, teachers, publishers, librarians, doctors, patent staff, market stomach, managers, etc.

Clarivate is quickly developing due to numerous acquisitions: 5 years since the foundation of Clarivate bought more than 10 of information services companies. In some cases, Clarivate bought, despite increased antimonopoly worsens, companies that were direct competitors to each other. Perhaps the most notable example of this was the purchase of ProQuest for $5.3 billion in December 2021, which was a Competitor Web of Science, Clarivate owned since 2017.

Clarivate reported its gross profit margin as  64% (in 2019)  and its EBIDTA profit margin as 45% (in 2021), which places it in the range of entertainment software and tobacco industries, and ahead of pharmaceutical, oil/gas and cell phone industries.

## Products and services

- Web of Science platform;
- Web of Science Core Collection — the main collection of WOS, the first science-based database, comes from Science Citation Index, the index by the launched by Eugene Garfield in the 50s of the 20th century, which was produced by the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI);
- Journal Citation Reports — analytical add-in for analyzing editions on the Web of Science Core Collection from Natural and Technical (SSIE) and SSCI (SSCI) for which the Impact Factor is calculated;
- Essential Science Indicators;
- referance manage EndNote;
- author's ID ResearcherID;
- analitic platform InCites;
- Converis;
- Cotrellis;
- Itegrity;
- MetaCore;
- ScholarOne (the system of management of the publication process);
- Thomson Innovation;
- Derwent World Patents Index;
- CompuMark;
- MarkMonitor;
- Techstreet.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Clarivate Plc
- **former name**: Clarivate Analytics
- **type**: Public company
- **predecessor**: The Intellectual Property and Science business of Thomson Reuters
- **hq location**: Philadelphia, United States
 London, United Kingdom
Nabburg

**Nabburg** is a municipality in Schwandorf, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Naab, 23 km east of Amberg.

## Town division

28 districts belong to Nabburg.:

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image coa**: DEU Nabburg COA.svg
- **image photo**: Nabburg Rathaus.jpg
- **image caption**: Town hall
- **image plan**: Nabburg in SAD.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberpfalz
- **district**: Schwandorf
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Nabburg
- **elevation**: 407
- **area**: 62.39
- **postal code**: 92507
- **area code**: 0 94 33
- **licence**: SAD, BUL, NAB, NEN, OVI, ROD
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 3 76 144
- **website**: [http://www.nabburg.de/ www.nabburg.de]
- **mayor**: Frank Zeitler
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: CSU
Neukirchen-Balbini

**Neukirchen-Balbini** is a municipality in Schwandorf in Bavaria, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Neukirchen-Balbini COA.svg
- **image plan**: Neukirchen-Balbini in SAD.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberpfalz
- **district**: Schwandorf
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Neunburg vorm Wald
- **elevation**: 512
- **area**: 47.07
- **postal code**: 92445
- **area code**: 0 94 65
- **licence**: SAD
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 3 76 146
- **mayor**: Markus Dauch
- **leader term**: 2020–26
2021 NFL season

The **2021 NFL season** was the 102nd season of the National Football League (NFL). This is the first season to have 17 games. The regular season games started on September 9, 2021. The regular season games ended on January 9, 2022. The playoffs started on January 15 and ended with Super Bowl LVI on February 13.

## Infobox (nfl)

- **year**: 2021
- **regular season**: –
- **playoffs start**: January 15, 2022
- **sb name**: LVI
- **sb date**: February 13, 2022
- **sb site**: SoFi Stadium, Inglewood, California
- **pb date**: February 6, 2022
- **pb site**: Allegiant Stadium, Paradise, Nevada
Neunburg vorm Wald

**Neunburg vorm Wald** is a municipality in Schwandorf, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 21 km east of Schwandorf on the river Schwarzach, a tributary of the Naab.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image plan**: Neunburg vorm Wald in SAD.svg
- **image photo**: Neunburg vorm Wald 02 09 2016 02.JPG
- **image caption**: Neunburg vorm Wald Aerial view
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberpfalz
- **district**: Schwandorf
- **elevation**: 398
- **area**: 110.16
- **postal code**: 92431
- **area code**: 0 96 72
- **licence**: SAD
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 3 76 147
- **divisions**: 8 Ortsteile
- **website**: [https://www.neunburgvormwald.de/ www.neunburgvormwald.de]
- **mayor**: Martin Birner
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: CSU