juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Insei

, also known as "**cloistered rule**," is an ancient Japanese term which means a special form of Imperial government.

In the _Insei_ system, the monarch abdicated or retired and a new emperor was named; however, the old emperor held on to significant power and influence in the court and in the nation.  The emperors who withdrew from public life did not give up any of their many powers.  In practice, the retired emperor only gave up the time-consuming burden of his ceremonial roles and formal duties.

There were emperors who abdicated before and after the Heian period; however, the term _Insei_ is most often used to mean the kind of Imperial system put in place by Emperor Shirakawa in 1086. This system was very important in the years before the rise of the Kamakura shogunate in 1192.

## Heian period

The succession of power in the _Insei_ system was complex.

|colspan="3"|_Insei_ System of Imperial Rule||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|71|1067—1072|Emperor Go-Sanjō|||
|72|1072—1073|Emperor Shirakawa|Go-Sanjō||
||1072—1073|Shirakawa|||
|73|1086—1107|Emperor Horikawa|Shirakawa||
|74|1107—1123|Emperor Toba|Shirakawa||
|75|1123—1129|Emperor Sutoku|Shirakawa|Toba|
||1129—1141|Sutoku|Toba||
|76|1141—1155|Emperor Konoe|Toba|Sutoku|
|77|1155—1156|Emperor Go-Shirakawa|Toba|Sutoku|
||1156—1158|Go-Shirakawa||Sutoku|
|78|1158—1165|Emperor Nijō|Go-Shirakawa||
|79|1165—1168|Emperor Rokujō|Go-Shirakawa||
|80|1168—1180|Emperor Takakura|Go-Shirakawa|Rokujō (until 1176)|
|81|1180—1185|Emperor Antoku|Go-Shirakawa|Takakura (until 1181)|
|82|1184—1192|Emperor Go-Toba|Go-Shirakawa||
||1192—1198|Go-Toba|||

## Edo period

The last retired emperor with an _Insei_ title was Emperor Reigen in the Edo period.
Fingerspelling

**Fingerspelling** is making an alphabet with your hands. Many deaf people learn fingerspelling. They use it when they want to sign a word but there is no sign in the sign language, or when they do not understand what the sign means. Other people also use fingerspelling to talk in secret, to help remember something, or to talk without making sound (for example in a church).

Fingerspelling is a part of some sign languages. Writing systems are not the same everywhere, and fingerspelling is also different. Different countries have different ways of fingerspelling. Some alphabets use one hand, some use two hands.

## Other websites

- ASL Fingerspelling Resource Site Free online fingerspelling lessons, quizzes, and activities.
- Fingerspell Flashcards Practice ASL, German and Swiss German alphabets online.
- British Sign Language Fingerspelling Alphabet  Information and pictures about the British 2-handed fingerspelling alphabet.
- ASL Alphabet Image and Video Examples  View a sample of each letter of the English alphabet in American Sign Language
Provence

**Provence** is a region in southern France. It lies. Historically, it is limited by the river Rhône to the west, and the border with Italy to the east. It makes up the biggest part of the modern administrative region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. In the past, the capitals were Arles, Aix-en-Provence and Avignon. Today, the regional capital is Marseille. Other important cities (prefectures) are Digne-les-Bains, Gap, Nice and Toulon.
Battle of Camden

The **Battle of Camden** was a battle between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the United States.  It happened during the American Revolutionary War.  It was a major victory for the British Army.

The Battle took place north of Camden, South Carolina on August 16, 1780.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Camden
- **image**: Battle of Camden.jpg
- **caption**: _Battle of Camden—Death of De Kalb_
- **partof**: the American Revolutionary War
- **date**: August 16, 1780
- **place**: north of Camden, South Carolina
- **result**: Decisive British victory
- **commander2**: Horatio Gates
Johann de Kalb
Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouerie, Marquis de La Rouërie
- **commander1**: Charles Cornwallis
Banastre Tarleton
Lord Rawdon
- **strength2**: 3,700
 7 guns
- **strength1**: 2,100
 4 guns
- **casualties2**: 900 killed and wounded
1,000 Captured
- **casualties1**: 68 killed
245 wounded
11 missing
540

## Events

- Emperor Kimmei, reign of 29th emperor of Japan starts (540-571)
- Vitiges of the Ostrogoths surrendered to the Byzantine army.

## Births

- Pope Gregory I (approximate date)
Hiratsuto Station

is a train station in Miyako, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

## Lines

- East Japan Railway Company
    - Yamada Line
Tenille Dashwood

**Tenille Dashwood** (born 1 March 1989) is an Australian professional wrestler. She is best known for her time in WWE from 2011–2017 under the ring name **Emma**. In 2018, Dashwood began working for Ring of Honor, Impact Wrestling and several more promotions under her real name. She returned to WWE in 2022 but was released again in 2023. Before WWE, she used the ring name **Tenille Tayla**.

Dashwood was born in Boronia, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. She lives in Orlando, Florida, United States.

## Personal life

On 30 June 2014, before Monday Night Raw aired, Dashwood was arrested in Hartford, in the U.S. state of Connecticut for sixth-degree larceny. Dashwood's lawyer said that she had forgotten to pay for an iPad case, when she was using the self-checkout machine at a Walmart. After she appeared at a community court on 1 July, she was ordered to do one day of community service and complete an online course. On 2 July 2014, Emma was released by WWE after she was arrested for sixth-degree larceny. She was reinstated by WWE two hours later. On August 4, 2022, Dashwood revealed that she is dating Michael Rallis, who is best known by his ring name Riddick Moss. On June 3, 2023, Dashwood and Rallis announced their engagement. The couple married March 8, 2024. On September 6, 2024, Dashwood announced that she is expecting her first child with Rallis in 2025. On March 4, 2025, Dashwood gave birth to their first son. On December 23, 2025, the couple announced they expecting their second child.

## Championships

**America World Wrestling**

- AWW Women's World Championship (1 time)
- **Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling**
    - ECCW Supergirls Championship (2 times)
- **Impact Wrestling**
    - Impact Knockouts World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Madison Rayne
- **Pro Wrestling Alliance Queensland**
    - Queen of the Warriors (2009)
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - Ranked No. 31 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the _PWI Female 50_ in 2015
- **Slam Wrestling Awards**
    - Worst Tag Team Female (2021) – with Madison Rayne
- **Swiss Wrestling Entertainment**
    - SWE Ladies Championship (1 time)
- **Women's Wrestling Fan Awards**
    - Best Independent Wrestler of the Year (2018)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Emma
- **names**: Tenille Tayla
**Tenille Dashwood**
Tenille Williams
Valentine
Emma
- **image**: Emma WrestleMania Axxess 2015.jpg
- **birth place**: Boronia, Victoria, Boronia, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia
- **billed**: Melbourne, Australia
- **trainer**: Lance Storm
NXT Wrestling, NXT Staff
- **debut**: July 2008
- **spouse**: Riddick Moss (m. 2024)
- **children**: 1
Melinda Clarke

**Melinda Clarke** (b. April 24, 1969) is an American actress who is known for being on television. She has, however, starred in some movies. She is best known for playing Fiona in _Days of Our Lives_. She also played Amanda in _Nikita_. Clarke was born in California. Her father is actor John Clarke, who also starred in _Days of Our Lives_.
Miyako, Iwate

is a city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.
It was founded on February 11, 1941.

The city is along the coast where the  flows into the Pacific Ocean.  It is connected to Morioka by an east-west train line and highway and the coastal highway also goes through the town.  The city has a port but much of the shipping traffic is taken by larger cities along the coast.

On June 6, 2005, the old Miyako absorbed the town of Tarō and village of Niisato from Shimohei District to form the new city of Miyako, more than doubling the old city's size.  As of 2008, the new city had an estimated population of 57,874 and a density of 83.1 persons per km². The total area is 696.82 km².

On January 1, 2010, the city absorbed another Shimohei District village, Kawai.

## Climate

<div style="width:85%;">

</div>

## 2011 tsunami

On March 11, 2011, the city was devastated by a tsunami caused by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake.
At least 401 lives were lost.
Only about 30–60 boats survived from the town's 960 ship fishing fleet.  A study by the University of Tokyo's Earthquake Research Institute found that the waters had reached at least  above sea level. This was almost as high the  record of the 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake tsunami.

Some of the most well known scenes of the 2011 Japanese tsunami, broadcast worldwide, were shot in Miyako.  It shows a dark black wave cresting and overflowing a floodwall and tossing cars, followed by a fishing boat capsizing as it hit the floodwall and then crushed as it was forced under a bridge.

## Other websites

- Miyako official website
- BBC video of the tsunami flooding up the mouth of the river at Shinkawacho

## Infobox (city japan)

- **name**: Miyako
- **japanesename**: 宮古市
- **mapimage**: Miyako in Iwate Prefecture Ja.svg
- **region**: Tōhoku region, Tōhoku
- **prefecture**: Iwate Prefecture, Iwate
- **imageskyline**: Miyako city montage.JPG
- **imagecaption**: Top left: Cape of Dodo and lighthouse, Top right: Miyako Bay from satellite, 2nd row: Mount Hayachine, lower left: Jyodo Beach, lower right: Rock of Sano, Bottom left: Tago Port, Bottom right: Rock of Rosoku (Candle)
- **area km2**: 696.82
- **popdate**: April 2008
- **population**: 57,874
- **density km2**: 83.1
- **tree**: Japanese Red Pine
- **flower**: Montauk Asteraceae, Daisy <small>_(Nipponanthemum nipponicum)_</small>
- **bird**: Black-tailed Gull
- **fish**: Salmon
- **image flag**: Flag of Miyako Iwate.svg
- **symbolimage**: Emblem of Miyako, Iwate.svg
- **symboldescription**: Emblem
- **mayor**: Yoshihiro Kumasaka
- **cityhallpostalcode**: 027-8501
- **cityhalladdress**: 2-1 Shinkawachō, Miyako-shi, Iwate-ken
Smedestraat 33

**Smedestraat 33** is a door in the city of Haarlem in the country of the Netherlands. It is a historic place in The Netherlands. It was built in late 17th century. In the past, the door was the entrance to two homes. Now it just opens to one.
Winfield Scott

**Winfield Scott** (June 13, 1786 – May 29, 1866) was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852.

A national hero after the Mexican-American War, he served as military governor of Mexico City. Such was his stature that, in 1852, the United States Whig Party passed over its own incumbent President of the United States, Millard Fillmore, to nominate Scott in that year's United States presidential election. Scott lost to Democrat Franklin Pierce in the general election, but remained a popular national figure, receiving a brevet promotion in 1856 to the rank of lieutenant general, becoming the first American since George Washington to hold that rank.

Scott was born to William Scott and Anna Mason in Dinwiddie County, Virginia, near Petersburg, Virginia, on June 13, 1786. He briefly attended College of William and Mary, studied law in the office of a private attorney, and served as a Virginia militia cavalry corporal near Petersburg in 1807.

Scott was married to Lucy Baker from 1812 until her death in 1816. They had one son. Then he was married to Maria De Hart Mayo from 1817 until her death in 1862. They had six children.

He died in West Point, New York on May 29, 1866 from unknown causes, aged 79. He is buried in West Point Cemetery.

The saying _Great Scott_ was named after his last name.

## Other websites

- General Scott and the Trail of Tears
- Letter to the Cherokee from Major General Scott
- Origin of the phrase _Great Scott!_.
- Biography of General Winfield Scott
Vaporizer (inhalation device)

A **vaporizer** or **vapouriser** is a device used to extract the active ingredients of plant material so that they can be breathed. It is often used for cannabis, tobacco, or other herbs such as chamomile.

## Vaporization vs. smoking

Vaporization is an alternative to smoking. It doesn't make smoke or other cancer-causing by-products. It does that by heating the material so that the active compounds boil into a vapor. Nothing actually burns, so there is no smoke or taste of smoke. Vapor ideally contains almost no particulate matter or tar, and much less noxious gas such as carbon monoxide. The vapor can be collected in a jar or inflatable bag, or inhaled directly.

## Cooking

Vaporizers are sometimes used by chefs. They use them to heat herbs and spices to release flavors that are otherwise difficult to extract, or that might be spoiled by overheating during cooking. Chicago's Achatz uses the aroma-filled bags as place-mats, punctured when plates are placed in front of the customer.
Matthew C. Perry

**Matthew Calbraith Perry** (April 10, 1794 – March 4, 1858) was a Commodore of the U.S. Navy and commanded a number of ships. He served in several wars, mostly known in the Mexican-American War and the War of 1812. He played a leading role in the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854. Perry was very concerned with the education of naval officers and helped develop a system that helped the United States Naval Academy. With the advent of the steam engine, he became a leading advocate of modernizing the U.S. Navy and came to be considered The Father of the Steam Navy.

Perry was born on April 10, 1794 in Newport, Rhode Island. He was the younger brother of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, who commanded U.S. naval forces in the Battle of Lake Erie in the War of 1812.  Matthew Perry was never married and had no children. Perry died on March 4, 1858 in New York City, New York from unknown causes. He was buried at Island Cemetery in Newport, Rhode Island.

## Other websites

- A short timeline of Perry's life
Bryan Brown

**Bryan Neathway Brown**, (born June 23, 1947) is an Australian movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles in _The Thorn Birds_, _Beautiful Kate_, _Cocktail_, _Along Came Polly_, _Australia_ and _Peter Rabbit_.

Brown was born on June 23, 1947 in Sydney, Australia. He has been married to Rachel Ward since 1983. They have three children.

## Other websites

- Bryan Brown's official website — New Town Films

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: BryanBrown09TIFF.jpg
- **caption**: Brown at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival
- **name**: Bryan Brown
- **birth place**: Sydney, Australia
- **spouse**: Rachel Ward (1983–present)
- **children**: 3
- **yearsactive**: 1977–present
- **occupation**: Actor
Christoph Waltz

**Christoph Waltz** (born October 4, 1956 ; Vienna) is an Austrian movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his role as the main antagonist Hans Landa in _Inglourious Basterds_, as Dr. King Schultz in _Django Unchained_, as artist Walter Keane in _Big Eyes_ and as James Bond villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld in _Spectre_ and _No Time to Die_. He starred as Dyson Ido in the 2018 science fiction movie _Alita: Battle Angel_.

He also holds German citizenship. He won two BAFTA Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards and two Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actor. He won the other Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for his role in _Django Unchained_.

Waltz was born on October 4, 1956 in Vienna, Austria. He has three children from an ex-wife and one with his second wife, Judith Holste.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Christoph Waltz
- **image**: Christoph Waltz Viennale 2017 f (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Waltz in 2017
- **birth place**: Vienna, Austria
- **occupation**: Actor
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Christoph Waltz, Full list
- **works**: Christoph Waltz filmography, Full list
- **yearsactive**: 1977–present
- **children**: 4
- **relatives**: Rudolf von Urban (grandfather)
Sikkim National Party

The **Sikkim National Party**, was a political party in Sikkim. Formed in 1950. National Party was in favour of the monarchy and advocated independence for Sikkim.
Protein folding

**Protein folding** is how a protein gets its functional shape or 'conformation'. It is mainly a self-organising process. Starting from a random coil, polypeptides fold into their characteristic working shape. The structure is held together by hydrogen bonds.

The stages are:
1. Each protein exists as an unfolded polypeptide or random coil when translated from a sequence of mRNA to a linear chain of amino acids. This polypeptide lacks any developed three-dimensional structure (left hand side of the top figure).
1. Amino acids interact with each other to produce a well-defined three-dimensional structure, the folded protein (right hand side of the figure). This is known as the native state. The resulting three-dimensional structure is determined by the amino acid sequence (Anfinsen's dogma).

Without its correct three-dimensional structure a protein does not work. However, some parts of proteins may not fold: this is normal.

If proteins do not fold into their native shape, they are inactive and are usually toxic. Several diseases may be caused by misfolded proteins. Many allergies are caused by the folding of the proteins, for the immune system does not produce antibodies for all possible protein structures.

On 30 November 2020, the protein folding was solved by artificial intelligence company DeepMind.

## Chaperones

Chaperonins are large proteins which help the folding of some proteins after synthesis. Chaperones in general were first discovered helping histones and DNA join up to form nucleosomes. Nucleosomes are the building blocks for chromosomes. This is the way many cell organelles are built up.
Anfinsen's dogma

**Anfinsen's dogma** is a hypothesis in molecular biology suggested by Christian Anfinsen. The idea is that a protein folding into its native structure is done automatically by the protein's amino acid sequence. It is only true for some proteins. For other proteins, chaperones are needed.

Anfinsen shared the 1972 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on the structure of the enzyme ribonuclease A. The dogma suggests that, in the conditions at which folding occurs, the native structure is a unique and stable state.
There are three conditions:
- _uniqueness_: requires that the sequence does not have any other configuration with a comparable free energy.
- _stability_: small changes in the surrounding environment cannot give rise to changes in the minimum configuration.
- _kinetical accessibility_: means the final shape can be got without going through any highly complex changes in the shape (like knots, for example).

How the protein reaches this structure is the subject of the field of protein folding, which has a related dogma called Levinthal's paradox. The Levinthal paradox states that the number of possible conformations available to a given protein is astronomically large, such that even a small protein of 100 residues would require more time than the universe has existed to explore all possible conformations (10<sup>26</sup> seconds) and choose the appropriate one.

Prions are an exception to Anfinsen's dogma. Prions are stable conformations of proteins which differ from the native folding state. In Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease), native proteins re-fold into a different stable conformation, which causes fatal amyloid buildup. Other amyloid diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are also exceptions to Anfinsen's dogma.
Murder of Polly Klaas

**Polly Klaas** (January 3, 1981 – October 1, 1993) is an American murder victim. She was abducted from her California home by Richard Allen Davis (born 1954) during what had been a slumber party with two other girls. Davis later strangled her. He was convicted of her kidnapping and murder and was given a death sentence. He is on death row. Actress Winona Ryder offered two hundred thousand in reward for the return of Klaas; after Klaas was killed, Ryder dedicated a movie version of _Little Women_ for her memory.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Polly Klaas
- **birth place**: Fairfax, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Petaluma, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Strangulation
- body_discovered  December 4, 1993
Vanessa Hessler

**Vanessa Hessler** (Rome, January 21, 1988) is an American-Italian model and actress.
She began modeling when she was 15. Hessler has appeared in many publications in Italy and Germany.

## Early life

Hessler's father is American. Her mother is Italian. She lived in Rome until she was 8, then moved to Washington DC. She lived in Rockville, MD as a teenager. In 2002 she returned to Italy. She speaks Italian, English and French. She lives in Rome and Washington.

## Modeling

Hessler has been in commercials for Baby Star, Nara Camicie and Gilli.

Hessler planned to work in television. In early 2006, she wanted to replace Alessia Marcuzzi to host _Le Iene_. She lost the job to Cristina Chiabotto.

Hessler has appeared in advertising for GUESS, Calvin Klein, Giorgio Armani, L'Oréal, and Ferrero SpA.

In March 2006, she made her debut as a television host at the Festival di Sanremo with Claudia Cedro, Francesca Lancini, and Marta Cecchetto.

Hessler was the face of the DSL brand "Alice" in Germany (a service of Telefónica Europe) until late October 2011. The company chose to end her contract. This was done because of her personal relationship to and public support for the Gaddafi family. The company said that she had "failed to distance herself from her comments on the conflict in Libya."

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Vanessa Hessler
- **image**: Vanessa Hessler.jpg
- **birth place**: Rome, Lazio, Italy
- **height**: 1.79 m (5 ft 11 in )
Ahmet Kaya

**Ahmet Kaya** (October 28, 1957  – November 16, 2000) was a singer from Turkey. He was associated with the Kurdish people's independence struggle. His mother is Turkish and his father Kurdish.

In June 2012 the Turkish Association of Magazine Journalists awarded
Ahmet Kaya its Special Prize.

In October 2013 Ahmet Kaya was given the Grand Presidential Prize in Culture and Arts.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ahmet Kaya
- **image**: Ahmet Kaya.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **birth date**: October 28, 1957
- **birth place**: Malatya, Turkey
- **nationality**: Turkey, Turkish
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **death date**: November 16, 2000
John Clive

**John Clive** (6 January 1933 – 14 October 2012) was an English writer, actor and voice talent. He acted in movies as well as on television stage and radio.  Clive had important parts in the movies _Yellow Submarine_, _Carry on Board_, _Carry on Dick_, _The Gnomes of Dulwich_, _Tiffany Jones_, and _Clockwork Orange_.

Clive was born on January 6, 1933 in North London, England. Clive died on October 14, 2012 from a short illness in his home in England, aged 79.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Clive
- **birth place**: North London, England, United Kingdom, UK
- **death place**: England
- **occupation**: Actor & Writer
- **yearsactive**: 1953–2012
- **url**: [http://www.johnclive.net John Clive official website]
George Romney

**George Wilcken Romney** (July 8, 1907 – July 26, 1995) was an American businessman and Republican Party politician. He was chairman and president of American Motors Corporation from 1954 to 1962. He served the 43rd Governor of Michigan from 1963 to 1969. He was also the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 1969 to 1973.

He is the father of former Governor of Massachusetts, 2012 Republican presidential nominee, and current United States Senator Mitt Romney. He was also the husband of former Michigan U.S. Senate candidate Lenore Romney. In 1968, he ran for president, but lost to Richard Nixon.

## Biography

Romney was born to American parents living in Colonia Dublán, Galeana, Chihuahua, Mexico on July 8, 1907. The events during the Mexican Revolution forced his family to flee back to the United States when he was a child. The family lived in several states and ended up in Salt Lake City, Utah, where they struggled during the Great Depression. Romney worked in a number of jobs, served as a Mormon missionary in England and Scotland, and attended several colleges in the U.S. but did not graduate from any. In 1939 he moved to Detroit, Michigan.

## Marriage and children

On July 2, 1931, he married Lenore Romney. They would later have four children, Lynn Romney, Jane Romney, Mitt Romney, and G. Scott Romney. His granddaughter from Scott Romney, Ronna Romney McDaniel, is the current chairwoman of the Republican National Committee.

## Death

Romney died on July 26, 1995 in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan from a heart attack, aged 88. He was buried at Fairview Cemetery in Brighton, Michigan.

## Other websites

- Boston Globe Magazine, Lessons of the Father
- Video of George W. Romney defending his success, NBC, 1967
- George Romney photo essay

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: George Romney
- **birthname**: George Wilcken Romney
- **image**: George W. Romney official portrait.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **alt**: Headshot of a greying man in a suit who is directly facing the camera
- **office**: 3rd United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
- **president**: Richard Nixon
- **term start**: January 22, 1969
- **term end**: January 20, 1973
- **predecessor**: Robert Coldwell Wood
- **successor**: James Thomas Lynn
- **order1**: 43rd Governor of Michigan
- **lieutenant1**: William Milliken
- **term start1**: January 1, 1963
- **term end1**: January 22, 1969
- **predecessor1**: John Swainson
- **successor1**: William Milliken
- **birth place**: Colonia Dublán, Galeana, Chihuahua, Galeana, Chihuahua (state), Chihuahua, Mexico
- **death place**: Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
- **resting place**: Fairview Cemetery
Brighton, Michigan
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Lenore Romney (1931-1995)
- **profession**: Automobile industrialist
 Politician
- **children**: Lynn Keenan, Jane Romney, G. Scott Romney, Mitt Romney
All Smiles Dental Centers

**All Smiles Dental Centers** is a company that manages dental offices in Texas. Its headquarters are in Farmers Branch, Texas. In September 2012 All Smiles had 20 clinics in Texas. The people who go to the clinics are mostly poor Hispanic children.

Dr. Richard Malouf started All Smiles in 2002. After the U.S. Supreme Court told the State of Texas that it did not give enough money to give dental care to poor children, five years before 2012 the State of Texas began spending $1.4 million more money on dental care for poor children. All Smiles began a braces program and began spending a lot of money, given by the Texas government, on braces for children. The Medicaid program only allowed braces if the braces helped a major problem like cleft lip and palate, or if it helps a problem caused by an illness, like Down syndrome or muscular dystrophy. Malouf and his wife, Leanne, had a lot of rich things, like a mansion, two fancy cars, and two company jets.

In 2012 the State of Texas began trying to find out if All Smiles lied and took too much government money. The federal government accused All Smiles of cheating in the dental program, and so All Smiles promised to be honest in a contract written with the federal government. In July 2012 the company closed many braces offices and told patients that they could no longer go to All Smiles for braces.

## Related pages

- Small Smiles Dental Centers
- ReachOut Healthcare America

## Other websites

- All Smiles Dental Centers
Lenore Romney

**Lenore LaFount Romney** (born **Lenore LaFount**, November 9, 1908 – July 7, 1998) was an American politician and actress. She was the wife of businessman and politician George Romney and the First Lady of Michigan from 1963 to 1969.

She was the Republican Party nominee for the U.S. Senate elections in 1970 from Michigan. Her youngest son, Mitt Romney, is the former Governor of Massachusetts and the 2012 Republican presidential nominee.

## Early life

Lenore LaFount was born in Logan, Utah, and raised in Salt Lake City. She went to Latter-day Saints High School. While there,  she developed an interest in drama and met George Romney.

She attended the University of Utah and George Washington University, graduating from the latter in 1929. She studied acting at the American Laboratory Theatre in New York, then went to Hollywood where she became a bit player.

## Career

She acted in some movies with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Turning down a contract offer with them, she married George Romney in 1931. The couple had four children together. She was a stay-at-home mother, eventually living in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, while he became a success in business and politics. She ran for the United States senate, but lost the election.

## Death

Romney died on July 7, 1998 in Royal Oak, Michigan from a stroke, aged 89. She was buried next to her husband at the Fairview Cemetery in Brighton, Michigan.

## Other websites

- "Lenore", the half-hour film from the 1970 U.S. Senate campaign
- Finding Aid for Lenore LaFount Romney Papers, 1960–1974 at Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan

## Infobox (person)

- **birthname**: Lenore LaFount
- **image**: Lenore Romney 145 Bild-F026119-0002, Bonn.jpg
- **death place**: Royal Oak, Michigan, U.S.
- **resting place**: Fairview Cemetery in Brighton, Michigan
- **birth place**: Logan, Utah, U.S.
- **death cause**: Stroke
- **nationality**: American
- **alma mater**: George Washington University <small>(Bachelor of Arts, AB)</small>
- **occupation**: Actress, Homemaker, civic worker
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: Lynn Kennan (b. 1935)
Jane Romney (b. 1938)
G. Scott Romney (b. 1941)
Mitt Romney (b. 1947)
- **parents**: Harold Arundel LaFount (1880–1952)
Alma Luella Robison (1882–1938)
Patricia Clarkson

**Patricia Clarkson** (December 29 1959) is an American actress. She has received an Emmy Award. She has appeared in many movie. These include _The Green Mile_, _The Untouchables_ and _Far from Heaven_. She was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Patricia Clarkson Press Conference The Party Berlinale 2017 01 (cropped 2).jpg
- **caption**: Clarkson at the 2017 Berlin International Film Festival
- **birth name**: Patricia Davies Clarkson
- **birth place**: New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
- **education**: Louisiana State University
Fordham University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Yale University (Master of Fine Arts, MFA)
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1985–present
- **mother**: Jackie Clarkson, Jacquelyn Brechtel
Tokyo Imperial Palace

is the official home of the Emperor of Japan. It is the site of the old Edo castle.

The Imperial Palace is in the Chiyoda area near to Tokyo Station.

The _kōkyo_ is a large park-like space in central Tokyo.

The palace complex has several buildings. including the main palace (.  There are also the private homes of the imperial family and the offices of the Imperial Household Agency.

## History

Traditionally, the home of the emperor is called a palace.  The location of the palace has been considered the capital city of Japan.  Since 1868, the center of the government of Japan and the location of the Emperor's home has been Tokyo. From 794 through 1868, the emperor lived in Kyoto.

## Related pages

- Ryūgū-jō
- Asuka, Yamato#Imperial Palaces
Governor of Michigan

The **Governor of Michigan** is the chief executive of the U.S. State of Michigan. The current Governor is Gretchen Whitmer, a member of the Democratic Party.

## Gubernatorial elections and term of office

From the time the state was created until the election of 1966, governors were elected to two-year terms. Elections are held in November and the governor took office the next January. Until 1851, elections were held in odd-numbered years. A new state constitution was created in 1850 and took effect in 1851. Because of this, there was a single one-year term of governor in 1851. After this, elections were held on even years.

The constitution adopted in 1963 changed the governor's term to four years, starting in 1967. Since then, elections for governor have been two years before U.S. Presidential elections (for example, Presidential elections were in 2000 and 2004, elections for governor were in 1998 and 2002). The winner of the election takes office at noon on January 1 of the year after the election.

In 1992, a change to the Michigan constitution said that a person could only be governor for two terms. Before this, they were not limited as to how many terms they could serve. John Engler, the governor at the time, served three terms as his first term took place before the change was made. Engler was reelected in 1994 and 1998 before being term limited in 2002.

## History of the office

Forty-eight people have been governor of the state. Before becoming a state, there were five governors of the Michigan Territory. Stevens T. Mason, Michigan's first governor, also served as a territorial governor. He was elected governor at age 23 as a member of the Democratic Party in 1835 and served until 1840. Mason was the youngest state governor in United States history.

Jennifer Granholm became the first female Governor of Michigan on January 1, 2003. She served for 8 years, until January 1, 2011.

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Governor
- **body**: the State of Michigan
- **flag**: Seal of Michigan Governor.svg
- **flagsize**: 110px
- **flagcaption**: Seals of the Governors of the U.S. States, Seal of the Governor
- **insignia**: Flag of the Governor of Michigan.svg
- **insigniasize**: 120px
- **insigniacaption**: Flags of the Governors of the U.S. States, Flag of the Governor
- **image**: Gretchen Whitmer (2021) (cropped).jpg
- **incumbent**: Gretchen Whitmer
- **incumbentsince**: January 1, 2019
- **style**: Her Excellency
The Honorable
- **residence**: Michigan Governor's Mansion, Governor's mansions: Lansing
Mackinac Island
- **appointer**: Popularly elected
- **termlength**: Four years, renewable once
- **formation**: January 26, 1837
- **inaugural**: Stevens T. Mason
- **website**: [http://www.michigan.gov/gov michigan.gov/gov]
Anisul Hoque

**Anisul Hoque** (; born March 4, 1965) is a Bangladeshi author, novelist, dramatist, and journalist. Hoque was born in Rangpur in 1965. His father was Mofazzal Hoque. His mother is Mst Anwara Begum. Hoque graduated from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, trained as a civil engineer. He is currently working as a journalist. Currently, Hoque is working as an Associate Editor of a Bengali language daily, Prothom Alo.

### Poetry

- _Khola Chithi Sundarer Kachhe_
- _Jalrang Padya_
- _Asale Ayur Cheye Baro Shaadh Tar Akash Dekhar_
- _Tomake Bhabna Kori_

### Novels

- _Kheya_ (_The Ferryboat_) (1996)
- _Ondhokarer Eksho Bochhor_ (_One Hundred Years in Darkness_) (1995)
- _Fand_ (_Trap_) (1997)
- _Bristibondhu_ (_The Rain Friend_) (1997)
- _Amar Ekta Dukhkho Achhe_  (_I have a Sorrow_) (1999)
- _Se_ (_The Person_) (2002)
- _Maa_ (_Mother_) (2003) **'
- _Abar Tora Kipte Ho_ **'
- _Dushwapner Jatri_ (2006) **'
- _Khuda o Bhalobashar Galpo_
- _Nandini_ (2006) **'
- _Alo Andhokare Jai_ (2007)
- _Dhukhpari Shukhpari_ (_Fairy of Sadness Fairy of Happiness_)
- _Trap_ (translated from Bangla to English by Inam Ahmed, published by Indian Age, __)

### Television drama

- _Ekannoborti_
- _Choruibhati_
- _Naal Piran_ (_Red Shirt_)
- _Korimon Bewa_
- _Ghure Daranor Swapno_
- _69_
- _No Man's Land_
- _Nikhoj Shongbad_

#### Script writer

- _Bachelor_, 2004
- _Made in Bangladesh_ (directed by Mostafa Sarwar Farooki)
- _Third Person Singular Number_
- _Swapnodanay_ (_On the Wings of Dreams_) (2007)

## Awards

- Bangla Academy Award, 2012
- CitiBank Ananda Alo Award for Best Novel 2009
- Khalekdad Chowdhury Literature Award 1415
- _Television_, a film script jointly written by Mostofa Sarwar Farooki and Anisul Hoque, has received Asian Cinema Fund (script development), provided by South Korea's Pusan Film Festival
- Euro Shishu Shahitya Award 2006
- BACHSAS Award for Best Sreenplay
- TENASINAS Award for Best Screenplay

## Other websites

- Natok By Anisul Haque
- Anisul Haque Ebook
- Bangladeshi writer anisul hoque home page
- Books of Anisul Haque published in different publications
- Bangladeshi Novels home page
- Interview, from Voice of America, July, 2006.
- anisul hoque
- Bangladeshi Author Anisul Hoque Explores Craft of Writing in Iowa
- Sample of works by Anisul Hoque
- Bio of writers: IWP 2010
- Why I write the way I write

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Anisul Hoque
- **image**: Anisul Hoque - Dhaka 2015-05-30 1676.JPG
- **caption**: Haque at Bengali Wikipedia 10th Anniversary Celebration Conference (May 2015)
- **birth place**: Rangpur District, Bangladesh#History, East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh)
- **nationality**:  Bangladeshi
- **education**: BSc in civil engineering
- **alma mater**: Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, BUET
- **relatives**: Mofazzal Hoque (father)
 Mst Anwara Begum (mother)
- **occupation**: Journalist, Writer, Editor
- **notableworks**: _Maa (Novel), Maa_ (_Mother_)
- **awards**: Bangla Academy Award, 2012
Kabir Bakul

**Kabir Bakul** (born November 21, 1966) is a lyricist from  Bangladesh. He has also worked as a journalist. He earned the National Film Award as the Best Lyricist at 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2013. Kabir Bakul was born on November 21, 1966 in Chandpur District. His wife is singer Dinat Jahan Munni. They have two daughters, Prerona and Protikkha, and a son, Procchod. At present, he is working at Maasranga Television as Head of Event and Planning. In 1994, he wrote a song for the movie “Ogni Sontan”. For this song he was nominated for the Best Lyricist at the Bangladesh Film Director Samity Awards.

## Songs

Kabir Bakul has written poems since he was young. He started writing song lyrics in 1988. That year, he wrote 13 songs for singer Tapan Chowdhury. From those songs, two were released on albums. The first song was "Kal sara raat tomari kakon jeno mone mone rinijhini bejeche". The singer was Ayub Bacchu. The second song was "Pothe jete jete khujechi tomay" for singer Nasim Ali Khan. He has written 800 songs for movies. He has written over 5000 songs in total.

### From movies

1. Jai din jai ekaki
1. Keu prem kore keu preme pore
1. Amar majhe nei ekhon ami
1. Dukkhotake dilam chute
1. Asbar kale aslam eka
1. Akash chuyese matike
1. Eto valobeso na amay
1. Lajuk patar moto lojjaboti
1. Tomare dekhilo porano voriya
1. Ekta chad chara raat aadhar kalo

### On albums

1. Keno ei nissongota
1. Bestota amake dey na oboshor
1. Kal maiya kal boila
1. Prithibir moto ridoytake
1. Priyar moner kotha bidhata jane
1. Dekhle tomay monta amar chomke jai
1. Ful joto sundor hoy na keno

## Teleflim & Drama

Kabir Bakul wrote a drama named _Goodbye America_. It was broadcast July 2012 on Eid program. His second drama, _Kajoler Ontordan_ was broadcast October 2012 on RTV.

## Awards & Felicitation

- National Film Award 2008, 2009,2010, 2013
- Bangladesh Cholochittro Sangbadik Samity (BCSS) 1998, 2006
- Bangladesh Projojok samity award, 2001
- Binodon Bichitra Award 2009
- Channel I-Citycell Music Award 2004
- London Bangla Chanel Award 2010
- Chandpur New Work Association Felicitation 2004
- Chandpur Press Club Felicitation
- Choturonggo (Drama Group) Felicitation

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Kabir Bakul
- **native name**: কবির বকুল
- **image**: Kabir bakul.jpg
- **caption**: Kabir Bakul
- **birth place**: Chandpur District, Bangladesh#History, East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh)
- **nationality**: Bangladeshi
- **occupation**: Journalist, Writer, Lyricist
- **awards**: National Film Award, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013
East Bengal Legislative Assembly

The **East Bengal Legislative Assembly** was the elected law-making body of the province of East Bengal in Pakistan. It was later renamed the **East Pakistan Legislative Assembly** and would be succeeded by the Jatiyo Sangshad in 1971.
Marisa Miller

**Marisa Lee Miller** (born August 6, 1978), née **Berdetta**, is an American model.  She is best known for being in the _Sports Illustrated_ Swimsuit Issues and her work for lingerie retailer Victoria's Secret.

## Life

Marisa was born in Santa Cruz, California. Her parents were Krista and Marc Bertetta. She was shy but enjoyed sports, particularly surfing. When she was 16, modelling agents from Italy met her in a San Francisco café and asked Miller to be a model. After talking with her mother she decided to try working as a model. In the 1990s, fashion models were tall and very thin, and Miller thought that she might be too short and curvy to be successful as a model.

In 2000, she married Jim Miller, a businessman and lifeguard who ran a surfing competitions. They separated in 2002, but she continued to use Miller as her name for work because that was the name she was best known by when she became famous.

In 2001 she became much more successful after she worked  with famous Italian fashion photographer Mario Testino, which led to her photos appearing in Vogue magazine in both the American and Italian editions. She is best known for being in the _Sports Illustrated_ magazine Swimsuit Issues and appeared in the magazine each year from 2002 to 2008. In 2008 she appeared on the cover of the magazine. She often worked in modelling underwear for Victoria's Secret, and in 2009, she was specially chosen to wear a bra made with diamonds that cost $3 million.

She has appeared in many other magazines, such as GQ, Maxim, Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire, Elle, and Vanity Fair. She has appeared in advertisements for companies including Marc Jacobs, Tommy Hilfiger, Andrew Marc, Victoria's Secret, J.Crew, Guess?, and Nordstrom.

Maxim magazine called her "the return of the great American supermodel."
Louis-Frédéric

**Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum** (1923 – 1996), also known as **Louis Frédéric** or **Louis-Frédéric**,  was a French scholar, art historian, writer, translator and editor.  He was a specialist in the cultures of Asia, especially India and Japan.

## Early life

Louis-Frédéric was born in Paris in 1923.  He studied at the Sorbonne and the École pratique des hautes études.

## Career

Louis-Frédéric wrote many books on India, Japan and Southeast Asia.

He was the editor of the 10-volume _Encyclopaedia of Asian Civilizations_ which was published in eight editions in English between 1977 and 1987.

Louis-Frédéric's _Japan encyclopedia_ was published in six editions in English and French between 1996 and 2005.

## Selected works

In an overview of writings by and about Louis-Frédéric, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 170 works in 337 publications in 14 languages and 7,762 library holdings.
- _This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it._
- _L'Inde: ses temples, ses sculptures_, 1959
- _Sud-Est asiatique: Temples et Sculptures_, 1964
- _La danse sacrée de l'Inde_,
- _Japon: arts et civilisation_, 1969
- _La vie quotidienne au Japon à l'époque des Samurai (1185-1603)_, 1969
- _Tôkyô_, 1970
- _Le Shintô, esprit et religion du Japon_, 1972
- _Encyclopaedia of Asian Civilizations_ (10 vol.), 1977-1984
- _La vie quotidienne au Japon au début de l'ère moderne (1868-1912)_,1984
- _Japon, l'empire éternel_, 1985
- _Japon intime_, 1986
- _Dictionnaire de la civilisation indienne_, 1987
- _A dictionary of the martial art_, 1991
- _L'Art de l'Inde et de l'Asie du Sud-Est_, 1994
- _Les Dieux du bouddhisme_, 1996
- _Le Japon, dictionnaire et civilisation_, 1996
- _Histoire de l'Inde et des Indiens_, 1996

## Other websites

- Frédéric, Louis (1923-1996) at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
Lois Griffin

**Lois Griffin** is a character in the television comedy _Family Guy_.

## Information

She is the wife of Peter Griffin. They have three children, Meg, Chris, and Stewie. They are an American family and Lois has a New Yorker accent. Alex Borstein does her voice. Lois to was to a rich family and her parents are Carter and Babs Pewterschmidt.

Lois has one sister, Carol, and one brother named Patrick, who she didn't know existed until she saw an photo from her childhood, taken on Christmas day. Patrick was taken away to a Mental hospital as a child.

## Infobox (character)

- **name**: Lois Griffin
- **series**: Family Guy
- **first**: "Death Has a Shadow"
- **creator**: Seth MacFarlane
- **voice**: Alex Borstein
- **fullname**: Lois Patrice Griffin
- **occupation**: Housewife
piano instructor
- **spouse**: Peter Griffin
Brian Griffin (divorced)
- **children**: Meg Griffin, Meg, Chris Griffin, Chris, and Stewie Griffin
- **nationality**: American
- **gender**: Female
Demographics

**Demographics** are statistical information about human populations (groups of people).  Sociology, demography, marketing, business, and other studies use the information from people who study demographics.  Some demographics that many demographers study are gender, race, jobs, and location (where people live).

_Demographic trends_ are changes in those areas. For example, if a city was half women and half men in 1940 and was more than half women in 1980, and the number of women kept going up, that would be a demographic trend.

## Related pages

- Demography
- Sociology
Dave Pasch

**Dave Pasch** (b. 1972) is an American sportscaster.  Pasch works for ESPN. He calls play-by-play of NBA, WNBA, college football, college basketball and Arena football games. He has also been the radio voice for the Arizona Cardinals of the NFL since 2002, teaming with Ron Wolfley.  In 2007, Pasch called the Little League World Series.

## References

- Dave Pasch's ESPN Bio
Denmark at the 1972 Summer Paralympics

**Denmark** sent a team for the **1972 Summer Paralympics** in Heidelberg, West Germany. They sent ten athletes, eight male and two female.

## Disability classifications

Athletes at the Paralympics in 1972 were all afflicted by spinal cord injuries. They were also required the use of a wheelchair. This is different from later Paralympics that include events for participants that fit into any of five different disability categories; amputation, either congenital or sustained through injury or illness; cerebral palsy; wheelchair athletes; visual impairment, including blindness; Les autres, any physical disability that does not fall strictly under one of the other categories, for example dwarfism or multiple sclerosis.

Each Paralympic sport then has its own classifications. It depends upon the specific physical demands of competition. Events are given a code, made of numbers and letters. It describes the type of event and classification of the athletes competing.

## Infobox (country at games)

- **npc**: DEN
- **npcname**: Paralympic Committee Denmark
- **games**: Summer Paralympics
- **year**: 1972
- **location**: Heidelberg
- **competitors**: 10
- **gold**: 0
- **silver**: 0
- **bronze**: 0
- **appearances**: auto
- **app begin year**: 1968
Espadrille

**Espadrilles** are flat casual shoes or high heel sandals usually consisting of canvas or cotton fabric uppers and flexible sole made of jute, a natural fiber with vulcanized rubber underneath. These are worn primarily by women, although men wear the shoes also. These shoes are usually manufactured in Bangladesh and Spain. The soles of an espadrille are usually flat or platform wedge shape. These shoes are usually closed toed and closed backed, although some are open. Espadrilles can be easily slipped on the foot.

## Classic espadrilles

Closed toe canvas upper with flat wedge sole made of jute braids are the most popular casual espadrilles known as _Classic_ or _Cotheeka Basic_ espadrilles in the world. Different colored cotton or jute canvas uppers are used for this style of espadrille that made it very popular among the women as well as men. Striped canvas uppers are also used for these shoes.

## Fashion espadrilles

High wedge jute sole with uppers of different materials like fabrics, leather etc. are used to make _Fashion espadrilles_ which are also very popular among the women. Super models put on these style of espadrilles at fashion shows. These espadrilles are also known as _Party espadrilles_. Almost all the designer brands of Europe and North America design these styles of espadrilles.