juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
ASCII

**ASCII** (pronounced "**az**-kee", "**ask**-key"), is a table of characters for computers.

## Overview

ASCII is binary code used by electronic equipment to handle text using the English alphabet, numbers, and other common symbols. ASCII is an abbreviation for _American Standard Code for Information Interchange_.
ASCII was developed in the 1960s and was based on earlier codes used by telegraph systems.

## Definitions

The code includes definitions for 128 characters, which are assigned numbers from 0 to 127. Numbers 32 to 126 stand for letters, numbers and symbols such as abc, ABC, 123, and ?&!. Numbers 0 to 31 and the number 127 stand for characters that control how text is processed and are not printed.

## Characters

ASCII uses 7 binary digits (bits) to represent characters. The bits 1000001 (65 in normal base-10 numbers) represent the upper-case letter A, 1000010 represents B, 1000011 represents C, and so on. Using the table below, you can look up a number in the Decimal column and see the character it represents in the Char column. Programmers often use hexadecimal (base-16 numbers), and you can look that up in the Hex column.

## Files

An ASCII computer file uses one byte for each character. A byte has 8 bits, so can hold an ASCII character with one bit spare. In the past, the spare bit was sometimes used as a _parity bit_ to help check if the data had been corrupted. ASCII has no formatting control (for **bold** or _Italics_, etc.)  Sometimes someone talks about a file or document in ASCII, meaning it is in plain text.

## Applications

Standard ASCII is still commonly used, particularly in computer software and HTML files. Until 2010, it was the standard for URLs. Often a web site that has fields for entering text will only take ASCII text. Any special markups for bold or centered text, etc. will show up incorrectly.

## Extended ASCII

ASCII does not have diacritics (marks that are added to a letter, like the dots (umlauts) above vowels in German, or the tilde (~) above the 'n' for the 'ñ' used in Spanish). It was only meant for English and doesn't work well for most other languages. Some English words borrowed from other languages use these marks as well, like _resumé_ (see Appendix:English words with diacritics).

This led to some systems using 8 bit (a full byte) instead of 7 bits. The proper name for systems that use 8 bits is called _extended ASCII_. Eight bits allows for 256 characters. The first 128 characters must be the same as for ASCII and the rest are usually used for alphabetic letters with accents, for example like É, È, Î and Ü. This solves the problem for a few languages that are based on the Latin alphabet, although not all extended ASCII systems are the same. Other alphabets, like the Greek alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet need a different set of characters. And some systems like those using Chinese characters still do not work, as they use thousands of characters. So Unicode was created to have one common system for all languages.

## Other websites

- Make ASCII art Convert a graphic into ASCII
- ASCII Table with explanations
Vantage Point

***Vantage Point*** is a 2008 mystery thriller movie from Columbia Pictures, written by Barry Levy and directed by Pete Travis. It stars Dennis Quaid, Matthew Fox, Forest Whitaker with Sigourney Weaver, Édgar Ramírez and William Hurt. It was released on February 22, 2008.

## Plot

United States President Henry Ashton (William Hurt) is participating in an anti-terrorism summit in Salamanca. Over a twenty-three-minute period, an assassination attempt on the President unfolds. The movie loops through this period over and over, each time from the perspective of a different participant, adding a new piece to the larger puzzle with each loop.

## Cast

- Dennis Quaid as Thomas Barnes
- Matthew Fox as Kent Taylor
- Forest Whitaker as Howard Lewis
- Bruce McGill as Phil McCullough
- Edgar Ramirez as Javier
- Said Taghmaoui as Suarez
- Ayelet Zurer as Veronica
- Zoe Saldana as Angie Jones
- Sigourney Weaver as Rex Brooks
- William Hurt as President Ashton
- James LeGros as Ted Heinkin
- Eduardo Noriega as Enrique
- Richard T. Jones as Holden
- Holt McCallanyas Ron Matthews
- Leonardo Nam as Kevin Cross
- Dolores Heredia as Marie

## Other websites

- _Vantage Point_  at The Numbers
- Mosaic  at SonyPictures.com
- Official world wide release dates  with links to different national sites.
- Vantage Point  Full Production Notes

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Vantage Point
- **director**: Pete Travis
- **producer**: Tania Landau
Ricardo del Río
- **writer**: Barry Levy
- **starring**: Dennis Quaid
Matthew Fox (actor), Matthew Fox
Forest Whitaker
with
Sigourney Weaver
and William Hurt
Édgar Ramírez
Saïd Taghmaoui
Ayelet Zurer
- **music**: Atli Örvarsson
- **cinematography**: Amir Mokri
- **editing**: Stuart Baird
Sigvaldi J. Kárason
Valdís Óskarsdóttir
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **released**: <sup>US </sup>22 February 2008
<sup>UK </sup>7 March 2008
- **runtime**: 90 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English, Arabic language, Arabic
- **budget**: US$ 40,000,000
- **gross**: US$150,814,590
Flag of Hawaii

The **Flag of Hawaii** (Hawaiian: _Ka Hae Hawaiʻi_), or **Hawaiian flag**, is the official flag of the U.S. state of Hawaii. The flag has been in use since 1845. It is the only state flag of the United States to have the Union Flag of the United Kingdom on it.

## Design

Most of the flag is a field of eight horizontal stripes representing the eight major islands. The color of the stripes, from the top down, are: white, red, blue, white, red, blue, white, red. The colors were standardized in 1843, but other combinations are occasionally still used.

## Origins

The design of the flag of Hawaii is based on the state's early history. King Kamehameha I flew a British flag, given to him by British explorer Captain George Vancouver after agreeing that the Kingdom of Hawaii would be united and ruled by Kamehameha under the protection or control of the United Kingdom. Other visitors to the islands reported seeing the flag flying from places of honor. People say that King Kamehameha learned during the War of 1812 that flying the flag of a country like the United Kingdom could lead to conflict with other countries, but no one knows for sure if this is true. To avoid taking a side, Kamehameha designed a flag that combined parts from the British and United States flags.

There is debate as to the name of the officer: some traditions credit Alexander Adams, others George Beckley. The original flag was designed to feature stripes alternating in the order: red-white-blue. However, some have argued that the stripes were influenced by the flag of the United States. The flag used at the first official flying of the flag of Hawaii erroneously placed the stripes in the order: white-red-blue. The number of stripes also changed. Originally, the flag was designed with seven horizontal stripes. At one point, a ninth stripe was symbolized the island of Nīhoa. The current design was made official in 1845.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Hawai'i
- **image**: Flag of Hawaii.svg
- **alt**: Flag of Hawaii
- **use**: 110000
- **proportion**: 1:2
- **design**: Eight alternating horizontal stripes of white, red, and blue, with a Union flag in the canton
Deuce (wrestler)

**James William Reiher, Jr.**, (born September 1, 1971) better known as **Jimmy Snuka, Jr.**, is a Fijian-American professional wrestler and the son of professional wrestler "Superfly" Jimmy Snuka. He is best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Entertainment where he worked under the ring names **Deuce** and **Sim Snuka**. He is a former WWE Tag Team Champion with his former partner Domino.

## Championships and accomplishments

- **American Pro Wrestling Alliance**
    - APWA Tri State Championship (2 times)
- **Championship Wrestling From Arizona**
    - CWFAZ Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- **Deep South Wrestling**
    - DSW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Domino
- **International Wrestling Association**
    - IWA Hardcore Championship (1 time)
- **Ohio Valley Wrestling**
    - OVW Southern Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Domino
    - OVW Television Championship (1 time)
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - Ranked No. 150 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the _PWI 500_ in 2009
- **World Wrestling Entertainment**
    - WWE Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Domino

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Deuce
- **image**: DeuceWWE@Commons.jpg
- **caption**: Deuce in 2007
- **birthname**: James Wiley Smith Thomas Reiher Snuka
- **birth place**: Fiji
- **family**: Jimmy Snuka (father)
Tamina Snuka (sister)
- **children**: 1
- **names**: Deuce
Deuce Shade
Jimmy Snuka Jr.
Sim Snuka
Solo
Solo Snuka
- **billed**: Laie, Hawaii
The Other Side of the Tracks
- **trainer**: Jimmy Snuka
Ultimate Pro Wrestling
Ohio Valley Wrestling
- **debut**: 1999
Jim Duggan

**James Edward Duggan Jr.** (born January 14, 1954), better known by his ring name **"Hacksaw" Jim Duggan**, is an American former professional wrestler, who is best known for wrestling for World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWF/E). Duggan was the winner of the first ever Royal Rumble in 1988. He is known for entering the arena with a 2x4 piece of lumber and yelling _"Hooo!"_ while the fans chant _"U-S-A!"_. Duggan was also inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2011 by Ted DiBiase.

In November 2018, Duggan was hospitalized in the intensive care unit for an unknown reason.

## Championships and accomplishments

- **Heroes And Legends Wrestling**
    - HLW Midwestern Championship
- **Imperial Wrestling Revolution**
    - Danny Hodge Trophy (2016)
- **International Wrestling Association of Japan**
    - IWA World Heavyweight Championship
- **International Wrestling Cartel**
    - IWC Tag Team Championship, with Scottie Gash
- **Pro Wrestling Alabama**
    - PWA Southern Tag Team Championship, with Nigel Sherrod
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - PWI ranked him #**66** of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1993
    - PWI ranked him #**157** of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
- **Pro Wrestling This Week**
    - Wrestler of the Week (March 22–28, 1987)
- **Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame**
    - Class of 2018
- **River City Wrestling**
    - RCW Legends Championship
- **Texas All-Star Wrestling**
    - TASW Heavyweight Championship
- **Mid-South Wrestling Association/Universal Wrestling Federation**
    - Mid-South Louisiana Heavyweight Championship
    - Mid-South North American Heavyweight Championship
    - Mid-South/UWF World Tag Team Championship (2 times), with Magnum T. A. and Terry Taylor
- **World Championship Wrestling**
    - WCW World Television Championship (1 time, last)
    - WCW United States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- **World Wrestling Federation/WWE**
    - Royal Rumble (1988)
    - WWE Hall of Fame (2011)
    - Slammy Award (2 times)
        - Best Vocal Performance (1987)
        - Greatest Hit (1987)
- **Wrestling Observer Newsletter**
    - Most Improved (1982)
    - Feud of the Year (1985) <small>vs. Ted DiBiase</small>
    - Most Unimproved (1989)

## Other websites

- GFW profile

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Jim Duggan
- **names**: Hacksaw Duggan
Hacksaw Higgins
The Convict
Derek Wood
**Jim Duggan**
King Duggan
- **image**: Hacksaw jim duggan 2011.PNG
- **weight**: 270lb
- **birth place**: Glens Falls, New York
- **billed**: Glens Falls, New York
- **trainer**: Fritz Von Erich
- **debut**: 1979
- **birth name**: James Edward Duggan Jr.
- **caption**: Duggan in 2011
- **height**: 6 ft 3 in
- **children**: 2
JTG

**Jayson Anthony Paul** (born December 10, 1984) is an American professional wrestler  better known by the ring name **JTG**. He is best known for his time working with the WWE. During his time there, he was a member of the tag team Cryme Tyme along with Shad Gaspard.

His last match was on the September 20, 2013 episode of _Superstars_ where he lost against Santino Marella. On June 12, 2014, JTG was released from his WWE contract.

## Championships

- **NWA Wildside**
    - NWA Wildside Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Shad Gaspard
- **Fighting Evolution Wrestling**
    - FEW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Shad Gaspard
- **Hoodslam**
    - Best Athlete In The East Bay Championship (1 time)
- **Ohio Valley Wrestling**
    - OVW Southern Tag Team Championship (2 times)  – with Shad Gaspard
- **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
    - He was ranked **#84** of the top 500 singles wrestlers by PWI in the PWI 500 in 2010.
- **Superstars of Wrestling Federation**
    - SWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Shad Gaspard
- **VIP Wrestling**
    - VIP Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Shad Gaspard
    - VIP Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- **Waco Association of Wrestling**
    - WAW Lonestar Championship (1 time, current)
- **World Wrestling Alliance**
    - WWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Shad Gaspard

## Other websites

pl:Cryme Tyme#Jayson Paul

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: JTG
- **image**: Jtg093.png
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: JTG at a WWE live event in Bristol, Tennessee, Bristol, Tennessee on February 2009
- **names**: The Neighborhoodie
**JTG**
Jay-TG
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, New York
- **billed**: Brooklyn, New York City, New York
- **trainer**: Ohio Valley Wrestling, OVW staff
- **debut**: 2002
Lance Cade

**Lance Kurtis McNaught** (March 2, 1981 – August 13, 2010) was an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his time working for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), where he wrestled under the ring names **Garrison Cade** and **Lance Cade**. Cade was trained by Shawn Michaels and made his professional wrestling debut along with Bryan Danielson in 1999 for Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) in Japan.

Cade signed a developmental contract with World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 2001 and began working for their developmental territory Memphis Championship Wrestling (MCW). In the summer, he was sent to Heartland Wrestling Association (HWA). When the WWF dropped HWA as their developmental territory, Cade moved the then-renamed WWE's main developmental territory Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW). In 2003, he debuted on an episode of Sunday Night Heat in a match against Lance Storm who forced him to submit to the sharpshooter. During his WWE career, he was known to team with Mark Jindrak and then later Trevor Murdoch. Cade was released from the company on October 14, 2008. Jim Ross stated on his blog that Cade "made a major league mistake while utilizing bad judgment" and that it was a factor in his departure. Ross also mentioned Cade having a seizure on a plane and him needing emergency medical care as a part of this.

He was a three-time World Tag Team Champion with Trevor Murdoch.

On August 13, 2010, Cade died at the age of 29 of apparent heart failure in San Antonio, Texas. On October 13, the medical examiner in San Antonio ruled that his death was "accidental," and stated that intoxication from mixed drugs complicated a cardiomyopathy and caused his death.

## Championships

- **Heartland Wrestling Association**
    - HWA Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
    - HWA Tag Team Championship (3 times) (with Steve Bradley (2) and Mike Sanders (1))

- **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
    - He was ranked **#80** of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the "PWI 500" in 2008.

- **Texas Wrestling Alliance**
    - TWA Television Championship (1 time)

- **World Wrestling Entertainment**
    - World Tag Team Championship (3 times) (with Trevor Murdoch)

## Other websites

- WWE profile

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Lance Cade
- **image**: Lance Cade cropped.jpg
- **names**: Garrison Cade
**Lance Cade**
- **birth place**: Omaha, Nebraska
- **billed**: San Antonio, Texas
Omaha, Nebraska
**Nashville, Tennessee**
- **trainer**: Shawn Michaels
Ohio Valley Wrestling, OVW
- **debut**: 1999
Matt Striker

**Matthew Robert Kaye** (born June 26, 1974) is an American professional wrestler and commentator. He is best known for working for the WWE from 2005 to 2013 under the ring name, **Matt Striker**. He currently works as a commentator for Championship Wrestling from Hollywood.

He has also won a Slammy Award in 2008 for _Announce Team of the Year_ which he shared with Todd Grisham.

On June 20, 2013, he left the WWE when the company did not renew his contract.

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Matt Striker
- **image**: Matt Striker Moline IL 081908.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Matt Striker in 2008.
- **names**: Matt Lachey
Matt Rite
Matt Martel
Ultimate Striker
Prince Striker
Stryker

Striker
**Matt Striker**
- **birth place**: Queens, New York
- **billed**: New York City
- **trainer**: Johnny Rodz
- **debut**: January 2001
Sicko

***Sicko*** was a 2007 documentary movie made by Michael Moore. It explores the American health care system, and compares it to the United Kingdom's, Canada's, France's and Cuba's. It made $24.5 million, making it the third-highest grossing documentary of all time.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Sicko
- **caption**: _Sicko_ theatrical poster
- **director**: Michael Moore
- **writer**: Michael Moore
- **producer**: Michael Moore
- **starring**: Michael Moore
- **distributor**: The Weinstein Company
Lions Gate Entertainment, Lionsgate (theatrical)
- **released**: June 22, 2007
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $9,000,000 US
Flag of Alabama

The **flag of Alabama** was adopted by the Alabama state legislature on February 16, 1895.

## Origin

It's believed that the crimson saltire of the Flag of Alabama was designed to look like the blue saltire of the Confederate battle flag. The Battle Flag was square-shaped, and Alabama's flag is sometimes shown as a square. The authors of a 1917 article in National Geographic expressed their opinion that because the Alabama flag was based on the Battle Flag, it should be square. In 1987, Don Siegelman issued an opinion in which the Battle Flag derivation is repeated, but concluded that the proper shape is rectangular, as it had been depicted numerous times in official publications and reproductions.

However, the saltire design of the Alabama state flag also looks like several other flags. It is identical to the saltire of St. Patrick, incorporated into the British Union Flag to represent the union of the United Kingdom of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland. This has led to other origins being put forth as possibilities.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Alabama
- **image**: Flag of Alabama.svg
- **adoption**: February 16, 1895
- **design**: Crimson cross of St. Andrew in a field of white
- **image2**: Flag of the Governor of Alabama.svg
- **nickname2**: Flags of the Governors of the U.S. States, Flag of the Governor of Alabama
- **design2**: State flag, with the state military crest and Coat of Arms of Alabama in the lower and upper sections
- **type**: State
Tommy Tynan

**Thomas Edward Tynan** (born 17 November 1955) is an English retired professional footballer.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Tommy Tynan
- **fullname**: Thomas Edward Tynan
- **birth place**: Liverpool, England
- **position**: Striker (association football), Striker
- **years1**: 1971–1976
- **years2**: 1975
- **years3**: 1976
- **years4**: 1976–1978
- **years5**: 1978
- **years6**: 1978–1983
- **years7**: 1983–1985
- **years8**: 1985–1986
- **years9**: 1986
- **years10**: 1986–1990
- **years11**: 1990–1991
- **years12**: 1991–1992
- **clubs1**: Liverpool F.C., Liverpool
- **clubs2**: → Swansea City A.F.C., Swansea City (loan)
- **clubs3**: Dallas Tornado
- **clubs4**: Sheffield Wednesday F.C., Sheffield Wednesday
- **clubs5**: Lincoln City F.C., Lincoln City
- **clubs6**: Newport County A.F.C., Newport County
- **clubs7**: Plymouth Argyle F.C., Plymouth Argyle
- **clubs8**: Rotherham United F.C., Rotherham United
- **clubs9**: → Plymouth Argyle F.C., Plymouth Argyle (loan)
- **clubs10**: Plymouth Argyle F.C., Plymouth Argyle
- **clubs11**: Torquay United F.C., Torquay United
- **clubs12**: Doncaster Rovers F.C., Doncaster Rovers
- **caps1**: 0
- **goals1**: 0
- **caps2**: 6
- **goals2**: 6
- **caps3**: 17
- **goals3**: 2
- **caps4**: 91
- **goals4**: 31
- **caps5**: 9
- **goals5**: 1
- **caps6**: 183
- **goals6**: 66
- **caps7**: 80
- **goals7**: 43
- **caps8**: 32
- **goals8**: 13
- **caps9**: 9
- **goals9**: 10
- **caps10**: 173
- **goals10**: 73
- **caps11**: 35
- **goals11**: 13
- **caps12**: 11
- **goals12**: 1
- **totalcaps**: 646
- **totalgoals**: 259
- **manageryears1**: 1990–1991
- **manageryears2**: 1993–1994
- **managerclubs1**: Torquay United F.C., Torquay United (player-coach)
- **managerclubs2**: Goole Town F.C., Goole Town
Lennie Lawrence

**Lennie Lawrence** (his real name is **Robin Michael Lawrence**) is an English former football manager.

## Other websites

- http://www.soccerbase.com/managers2.sd?managerid=901
Roberto Carlos

**Roberto Carlos** (born 10 April 1973) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team. He often plays left back.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1993||rowspan="3"|Palmeiras||rowspan="3"|Série A||20||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||1
|-
|1994||24||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||2
|-
|1995||24||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||2

|-
|1995–96||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||30||5||2||1||2||1||34||7

|-
|1996–97||rowspan="11"|Real Madrid||rowspan="11"|La Liga||37||5||5||0||colspan="2"|-||42||5
|-
|1997–98||35||4||1||1||9||2||45||7
|-
|1998–99||35||5||4||0||8||0||47||5
|-
|1999–00||35||4||3||0||17||3||55||7
|-
|2000–01||36||5||0||0||14||4||50||9
|-
|2001–02||31||2||6||1||13||2||50||5
|-
|2002–03||36||5||1||0||18||2||55||7
|-
|2003–04||33||6||7||1||8||2||48||9
|-
|2004–05||34||3||2||0||9||1||45||4
|-
|2005–06||35||5||3||1||7||0||45||6
|-
|2006–07||23||3||1||0||8||0||32||3

|-
|2007–08||rowspan="3"|Fenerbahçe||rowspan="3"|Süper Lig||22||2||3||0||9||0||34||2
|-
|2008–09||33||3||6||2||10||1||49||6
|-
|2009–10||11||0||0||0||8||1||19||1

|-
|2010||Corinthians Paulista||Série A||||||||||||||||
68||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||68||5
30||5||2||1||2||1||34||7
370||47||33||4||111||16||514||67
66||5||9||2||27||2||102||9
534||62||44||7||140||19||718||88
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|1992||7||0
|-
|1993||5||0
|-
|1994||0||0
|-
|1995||13||1
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||18||2
|-
|1998||10||0
|-
|1999||13||2
|-
|2000||9||0
|-
|2001||7||1
|-
|2002||11||1
|-
|2003||5||1
|-
|2004||12||0
|-
|2005||9||3
|-
|2006||6||0
|-
!Total||125||11
|}
Bob Wilson (footballer, born 1941)

**Bob Wilson** (born 30 October 1941) is a former football player. He has played for Scotland national team.

### Club

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="2"|League|colspan="2"|FA Cup|colspan="2"|League Cup|colspan="2"|Europe|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="12"|Arsenal|||||||||||||
|1963–64|5|0|0|0|0|0|1|0|6|0||||
|1964–65|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0||||
|1965–66|4|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|4|0||||
|1966–67|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0||||
|1967–68|13|0|1|0|0|0|0|0|14|0||||
|1968–69|42|0|4|0|7|0|0|0|53|0||||
|1969–70|28|0|2|0|2|0|9|0|41|0||||
|1970–71|42|0|9|0|5|0|8|0|64|0||||
|1971–72|37|0|7|0|3|0|6|0|53|0||||
|1972–73|22|0|6|0|0|0|0|0|28|0||||
|1973–74|41|0|3|0|1|0|0|0|45|0||||

## Honours

**Arsenal**
- First Division: 1970–71
- FA Cup: 1970–71
- Inter-Cities Fairs Cup: 1969–70

**Individual**
- Arsenal Player of the Year: 1971

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Bob Wilson
<small>Order of the British Empire, OBE</small>
- **image**: Bob Wilson in 2009_(cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Wilson in 2009
- **fullname**: Robert Primrose Wilson
- **birth place**: Chesterfield, Derbyshire, Chesterfield, England
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **years1**: 1961–1963
- **clubs1**: Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C., Wolverhampton Wanderers
- **caps1**: 0
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1963–1974
- **clubs2**: Arsenal F.C., Arsenal
- **caps2**: 310
- **goals2**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1971
- **nationalteam1**: Scotland national football team, Scotland
- **nationalcaps1**: 2
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Sepp Maier

**Sepp Maier** (born 28 February 1944) is a former German football player. He played for Bayern Munich and the German national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time.

### Club

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="2"|DFB-Pokal|colspan="2"|Europe|colspan="2"|Other|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="18"|Bayern Munich|1962–63|Oberliga Süd|4|0|—|1|0|—|5|0|||
|1963–64|rowspan="2"|Regionalliga Süd|23|0|—|7|0|6|0|36|0|||
|1964–65|36|0|—|—|6|0|42|0||||||
|1965–66|rowspan="15"|Bundesliga|31|0|6|0|—|—|37|0||||
|1966–67|34|0|5|0|9|0|—|48|0|||||
|1967–68|34|0|4|0|8|0|—|46|0|||||
|1968–69|34|0|6|0|—|—|40|0||||||
|1969–70|34|0|3|0|2|0|—|39|0|||||
|1970–71|34|0|7|0|8|0|—|49|0|||||
|1971–72|34|0|5|0|8|0|—|47|0|||||
|1972–73|34|0|5|0|5|0|3|0|47|0||||
|1973–74|34|0|4|0|10|0|—|48|0|||||
|1974–75|34|0|3|0|7|0|—|44|0|||||
|1975–76|34|0|7|0|9|0|2|0|52|0||||
|1976–77|34|0|4|0|6|0|4|0|48|0||||
|1977–78|34|0|3|0|6|0|—|43|0|||||
|1978–79|34|0|1|0|—|—|35|0||||||
|1979–80|0|0|0|0|0|0|—|0|0|||||

### International

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="14"|West Germany|1966|3|0|
|1967|4|0|||
|1968|5|0|||
|1969|6|0|||
|1970|9|0|||
|1971|8|0|||
|1972|7|0|||
|1973|5|0|||
|1974|12|0|||
|1975|6|0|||
|1976|6|0|||
|1977|8|0|||
|1978|12|0|||
|1979|4|0|||

## References

Category:Association football goalkeepers

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Sepp Maier
- **image**: Sepp_Maier.JPG
- **caption**: Maier in 2012
- **full name**: Josef Dieter Maier
- **birth place**: Metten, Germany
- **height**: 1.85 m
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthyears1**: 1952–1959
- **youthclubs1**: TSV Haar
- **youthyears2**: 1959–1962
- **youthclubs2**: FC Bayern Munich Junior Team, Bayern Munich
- **years1**: 1962–1980
- **clubs1**: FC Bayern Munich, Bayern Munich
- **caps1**: 536
- **goals1**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1961–1962
- **nationalteam1**: Germany national youth football team, West Germany Youth
- **nationalcaps1**: 11
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 1963
- **nationalteam2**: Germany national amateur football team, West Germany Amateur
- **nationalcaps2**: 4
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **nationalyears3**: 1966–1979
- **nationalteam3**: Germany national football team, West Germany
- **nationalcaps3**: 95
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1988–2004
- **managerclubs1**: Germany national football team, Germany (goalkeeping coach)
- **manageryears2**: 1994–2008
- **managerclubs2**: FC Bayern Munich, Bayern Munich (goalkeeping coach)
Bob Stokoe

**Bob Stokoe** (21 September 1930 – 1 February 2004) was an English footballer and football manager.

In 1955, he won an FA Cup winner's medal with Newcastle United.

### As a player

**Newcastle United**
- **FA Cup winner:** 1955

### As manager

**Blackpool**
- **Anglo-Italian Cup winners:** 1971

**Sunderland**
- **FA Cup winners:** 1973
- **Second Division championship:** 1975–76

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Bob Stokoe
- **image**: Stokoe statue.jpg
- **fullname**: Robert Stokoe
- **birth place**: Mickley, Northumberland, Mickley, England
- **death place**: Hartlepool, England
- **position**: Centre half
- **youthyears1**: 1946–1950
- **youthclubs1**: Newcastle United F.C., Newcastle United
- **years1**: 1950–1960
- **years2**: 1960–1964
- **clubs1**: Newcastle United F.C., Newcastle United
- **clubs2**: Bury F.C., Bury
- **caps1**: 261
- **caps2**: 82
- **goals1**: 4
- **goals2**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1961–1965
- **manageryears2**: 1965–1967
- **manageryears3**: 1967–1968
- **manageryears4**: 1968–1970
- **manageryears5**: 1970–1972
- **manageryears6**: 1972–1976
- **manageryears7**: 1977–1978
- **manageryears8**: 1978–1979
- **manageryears9**: 1979–1980
- **manageryears10**: 1980–1985
- **manageryears11**: 1985–1986
- **manageryears12**: 1987
- **managerclubs1**: Bury F.C., Bury
- **managerclubs2**: Charlton Athletic F.C., Charlton Athletic
- **managerclubs3**: Rochdale A.F.C., Rochdale
- **managerclubs4**: Carlisle United F.C., Carlisle United
- **managerclubs5**: Blackpool F.C., Blackpool
- **managerclubs6**: Sunderland A.F.C., Sunderland
- **managerclubs7**: Bury F.C., Bury
- **managerclubs8**: Blackpool F.C., Blackpool
- **managerclubs9**: Rochdale A.F.C., Rochdale
- **managerclubs10**: Carlisle United F.C., Carlisle United
- **managerclubs11**: Carlisle United F.C., Carlisle United
- **managerclubs12**: Sunderland A.F.C., Sunderland
Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig

Field Marshal ** Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig** <small>KT GCB OM GCVO KCIE ADC</small> (born in Edinburgh on 19 June 1861, died in London on 29 January 1928) was a British Army general during World War I.

He was the senior commander of the British forces in France from 1915 until the end of the war. Most notably, he led it during the Battle of the Somme, the Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele), the Spring Offensive and the final Hundred Days Offensive.

Historians have often argued over whether Haig was a good general. In the years after the war, he was popular. After his death, some historians and politicians wrote books criticising Haig. They argued he made mistakes that led to a lot of casualties among British troops, especially at the Somme and Passchendaele. He has been nicknamed 'Butcher Haig' or 'the Butcher of the Somme'. David Lloyd George, the Prime Minister during the later years of the war, also did not agree with Haig. One of the best known books criticising Haig was Alan Clark's book _The Donkeys_ (1961). Thatis known as the 'lions led by donkeys' view: the idea that Britain had great soldiers but bad generals.

However, some veterans, and academic historians have argued that Haig was a great general. For example, John Bourne notes that Haig helped the army use new weapons and technology. John Terraine argues that while the British Army lost many men, that is not surprising because of the size of the fighting, and other countries lost far more. Likewise, Gordon Corrigan argues that as a percentage of the population, Britain lost half as many people in the war as France and Germany.
José Eulogio Gárate

**José Eulogio Gárate** is a former football player. He has played for Spain national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1966-67||rowspan="11"|Atlético Madrid||rowspan="11"|La Liga||14||9
|-
|1967-68||23||8
|-
|1968-69||20||14
|-
|1969-70||30||16
|-
|1970-71||28||17
|-
|1971-72||16||5
|-
|1972-73||24||5
|-
|1973-74||29||11
|-
|1974-75||32||17
|-
|1975-76||24||7
|-
|1976-77||1||0
241||109
241||109

## International career statistics

|-
!Total||18||5
|}
Iker Casillas

**Iker Casillas** (born 20 May 1981) is a retired Spanish football player. He used to play for F.C. Porto and Spain national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="11"|Real Madrid||rowspan="11"|La Liga||27||0||5||0||12||0||46||0
|-
|2000/01||34||0||0||0||11||0||45||0
|-
|2001/02||25||0||5||0||9||0||39||0
|-
|2002/03||38||0||0||0||15||0||53||0
|-
|2003/04||37||0||2||0||9||0||48||0
|-
|2004/05||37||0||0||0||10||0||47||0
|-
|2005/06||37||0||4||0||7||0||48||0
|-
|2006/07||38||0||0||0||7||0||45||0
|-
|2007/08||36||0||0||0||8||0||44||0
|-
|2008/09||38||0||0||0||7||0||45||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||

|}

## International career statistics

|}
Jamie Murphy

**James Murphy** (born 25 February 1973) is an English physiotherapist and former professional footballer. He played as a left-back.

## Honours

**Blackpool**
- **Division Four play-off winner:** 1991-92

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Jamie Murphy
- **fullname**: James Murphy
- **birth place**: Manchester, England
- **position**: Defender (football), Defender
- **years1**: 1990–1995
- **years2**: 1995–1997
- **years3**: 1997
- **years4**: 1997–2000
- **years5**: 2000–2004
- **years6**: 2004–2005
- **clubs1**: Blackpool F.C., Blackpool
- **clubs2**: Doncaster Rovers F.C., Doncaster Rovers
- **clubs3**: Cambridge United F.C., Cambridge United
- **clubs4**: Halifax Town A.F.C., Halifax Town
- **clubs5**: Morecambe F.C., Morecambe
- **clubs6**: Lancaster City F.C., Lancaster City
- **caps1**: 77
- **goals1**: 4
- **caps2**: 25
- **goals2**: 1
- **caps3**: 0
- **goals3**: 0
- **caps4**: 83
- **goals4**: 4
- **caps5**: 91
- **goals5**: 3
- **totalcaps**: 276
- **totalgoals**: 12
Weightlifting

**Weightlifting** first started in the so-called Dark Ages of the human history. It was usually done by the strongest men in villages all over Europe. It was considered to be a sport for the lower classes, however since then it has changed into the sport for other people as well.  It has been in the Olympic Games since 1896.

## Competition events in Olympic weightlifting

As a competitive sport, Weightlifting is controlled by the _International Weightlifting Federation_ (IWF). Based in Budapest, it was founded in 1905.

### Snatch

The _snatch_ is one of the two olympic weightlifting events. The essence of the event is to lift a barbell from the platform to locked arms overhead in a smooth continuous movement. The lift requires not only great strength, but mastery of technical skills, a high degree of shoulder flexibility, excellent balance, and speed.

### Clean and jerk

The _clean and jerk_ is another olympic weightlifting events. It is a highly technical lift that is known as "the king of lifts" because more weight can be lifted above one's head as compared to any other known weightlifting technique.

## Related pages

- Weight training

## Other websites

- International Weightlifting Federation

## Infobox (sport)

- **name**: Weightlifting
- **image**: Weightlifting pictogram.svg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **caption**: Weightlifting pictogram
- **union**: International Weightlifting Federation
- **first**: Ancient Greece
- **firstlabel**: First developed
- **country/region**: Worldwide
- **contact**: No
- **mgender**: No
- **category**: Strength sport
- **equipment**: Barbells, weight plates, collars, chalk, tape, shoes, belt
- **olympic**: Men: 1896 Summer Olympics, 1896, 1904 Summer Olympics, 1904, 1920 Summer Olympics, 1920–present; Women: 2000 Summer Olympics, 2000–present
- **iwga**: Women: 1997 World Games, 1997
Mullet

**Mullet**, **mullets**, **The Mullet** or **The Mullets** may refer to:

- Mullet (fish)
- Goatfish
- _Mullet_ (film)
- Mullet River
- Boggy Bayou Mullet Festival
- Henri Mulet
Flag semaphore

**Flag semaphore** is a system of spreading information at a distance by using two flags. Information is told by the positions of the flags. Each set of positions has a meaning.

## Signalling

Signalling uses two flags. The person signalling would often stand on a platform about 6-10ft (1.8 - 3m) above the ground. They would use a bright orange, red and white flag. This was a problem because it made it easier for the enemy to see them and shoot them. The newer system uses two short poles with square flags. The signalman holds one pole in each hand. The poles are held in one of eight possible directions. Except for in the "rest position", the flags do not cross over each other. Flags of different colours are used based on whether the signals are sent by sea or by land. At sea, the flags are coloured red and yellow. On land, they are white and blue. There is also a 'flag alphabet' which consists of many different coloured flags with different symbols on them. Japan has their own flag alphabet.

## Related pages

- Semaphore line

## Other websites

- Images of different codes
Asparagales

**Asparagales** is an order of flowering plants. The order must include the family Asparagaceae, but other families included in the order have varied markedly between different classifications. No one is sure, but it is supposed that this group of plants evolved between the late and early Cretaceous. But because of the difficult classification of the families, it is not entirely certain when they evolved. Asparagales have a many families, including Ashphodelaceae (Xanthorrhoeaceae), which includes daylilies and New Zealand flax.
Asparagaceae

**Asparagaceae** is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by quite a few taxonomists, but hardly universally: often the plants involved are treated as belonging to the family Liliaceae.
Hesperocallis

***Hesperocallis*** is a genus of flowering plants that includes a single species, ***Hesperocallis undulata***, the **desert lily**, found in the desert areas of the southwest of North America.

_Hesperocallis_ has traditionally been classified in Liliaceae but until recently its relationships have been unclear. Other classifications have included it in Hemerocallidaceae or Funkiaceae.  In 1972, Hamilton Traub created the family Hesperocallidaceae with _Hesperocallis_ as the sole included genus.  The APG II system includes it in the family Asparagaceae in the order Asparagales in the monocots clade but allows for the optional segregation of Hesperocallidaceae as a monophyletic family when several other families are likewise segregated.  Recent molecular systematic studies have confirmed a close relationship with _Agave_ and its inclusion in family Agavaceae has been recommended (Pires et al. 2004).
Laurales

The **Laurales** are an order of flowering plants. They are a basal group of dicots. They are related to, and sometimes included in, the Magnoliales.

The order includes 85-90 genera from seven families of trees and shrubs. Most of the species are tropical and subtropical, though a few genera reach the temperate zone. The best known species in this order are those of the Lauraceae (for example bay laurel or _Laurus_, cinnamon or _Cinnamomum_, avocado or _Persea_, and _Sassafras_), and the spice bush or _Calycanthus_ of the Calycanthaceae.

The earliest lauraceous fossils are from the Cretaceous. It is possible that the ancient origin of this order is one of the reasons for its highly diverged morphology. Indeed, at present no one trait is known which would unify all the members of Laurales. This used to cause much argument among botanists about the correct limits of the order. The presently classification is based on recent molecular and genetic analysis.
Hasbro

**Hasbro** is an American toy company. It is one of the biggest toy and electronic audio game makers in the world (including board games), only Mattel is larger. Other companies competing are Supe Impulse and Moose Toys. Hasbro also makes _Monopoly_, a popular board game. Their main office is in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, United States. The company is best known for their popular 1990's electronic audio game Bop It, which got re-designed in 2008 with a series of designs which one is released each year and kept using the same voice actor known as Buddy Rubino. Rubino never knew what a Bop It was, so he researched the game before doing the actual recordings for the toy. Hasbro has also joined up with many other companies such as Tiger Electronics who made the following audio games: Brain Warp (1997 and 2002), Brain Bash (1994), Brain Shift (1998) and Boogey Ball (1999/2000). They also make a popular memory game called Simon which involves memorizing flashing lights and sounds. A Harry Potter style Simon game was released in 2001. The game Simon Swipe invented by long time inventor Dan Klitsner was released in 2014 and was copyrighted and made in 2013. There is also a Micro Series version that was released in 2014. On October 12, 2021, Longtime Hasbro CEO Brian Goldner died.

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: Hasbro, Inc.
- **company logo**: Hasbro wordmark and smile.svg
- **company type**: Public company, Public ()
- **foundation**: 1923
- **location**: Pawtucket, Rhode Island, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, United States, USA
- **key people**: Brian Goldner (chief executive officer)
- **industry**: Toys and games
- **revenue**: 3.838 Billion US dollar, USD (2007)
- **net income**: 333 Million US dollar, USD (2007)
Bay leaf

**Bay leaf** (plural **bay leaves**), (Greek _Daphni_, Romanian _Foi de Dafin_) is the aromatic leaf of several species of the Laurel family (Lauraceae). Fresh or dried bay leaves are used in cooking for their distinctive flavor and fragrance.
- _Laurus nobilis_, is a culinary herb often used to flavor soups, stews, and braises and pâtés in Mediterranean Cuisine. The fresh leaves are very mild and do not develop their full flavor until several weeks after picking and drying.

- California bay leaf
- The leaf of the California bay tree (_Umbellularia californica_), also known as 'California laurel', 'Oregon myrtle', and 'pepperwood', is similar to the Mediterranean bay but has a stronger flavor.

- "Indian bay leaf" (also _tej pat_, _tejpat_, _tejpata_ तेजपत्ता or _Tamalpatra_ तमालपत्र)
- The leaf of the _Cinnamomum tejpata_ (malabathrum) tree is similar in fragrance and taste to cinnamon bark, but milder. In appearance, it is similar to the other bay leaves but is culinarily quite different, having an aroma and flavor more similar to that of Cassia. It is inaccurately called a bay leaf as it is of a different genus (though the same family) as the bay laurel.
Ginger

**Ginger** is a flowering plant whose rhizome, **ginger root** or ginger, is used as a spice and a folk medicine.

It is a herbaceous perennial which grows annual pseudostems. These are false stems made of rolled leaves: about one meter tall with narrow leaf blades. The inflorescences come directly from the rhizome on separate shoots.

Ginger is used as a cooking spice throughout the world. The ginger plant has long been cultivated. It came from China and spread to India, Southeast Asia, West Africa, and the Caribbean.

Ginger is also a term used to describe a red-brown colour, as in ginger hair.
Revenue

**Revenue** (or **revenues**) is income that an organization receives from its normal business activities. In the case of a corporation this is usually from the sale of goods and services to customers. In the case of a government, revenue usually comes from various taxes. In addition to sale of goods and services, some companies also receive revenue from interest, dividends or royalties paid to them by other companies.

First and foremost, it's important to note that revenue isn't the same thing as profit. Profit represents what is left over after all expenses are subtracted from revenues (gross margin). It would be possible for a company to generate high levels of revenue without earning any profit at all. For example, if Company A makes $1 million in sales but incurs $2 million in costs, then Company A will have zero net profit (or alternatively negative net profits).
Net income

**Net income** is equal to the income that a company has after subtracting costs and expenses from the total revenue. Net income can be distributed among holders of common stock as a dividend or held by the firm as retained earnings.

It is computed as the residual of all revenues and gains less all expenses and losses for the period, and has also been defined as the net increase in shareholders' equity that results from a company's operations. It is different from gross income, which only deducts the cost of goods sold from revenue.

For households and individuals, **net income** refers to the (gross) income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g. mandatory pension contributions).
Real time (media)

**Real time** in a narrative is where the events in the story take the same amount of time to happen as they do for the audience to experience them. If a movie told in real time is two hours long, as in _Rope_, then the plot of that movie covers two hours of fictional time. For example, in the TV series _24_, an hour long episode represents an hour of events on the program.
Southern Cone

The term **Southern Cone** (, ) refers to a geographic region composed of the southernmost areas of South America, below the Tropic of Capricorn. Due to geographical affinities, natural, economic and social, the Southern Cone is usually understood as the region that includes all of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, the southern states of Brazil (and sometimes part of São Paulo state, because have several features in common: proximity, the high rate of industrialization and urbanization and the high GDP). In rare exceptions - just because geographical reasons -  sometimes also includes Paraguay and southern Bolivia, although both have fundamentally different characteristics of other countries (such as standards of living, industrialization, ethnicity, etc.)

## Related pages

- Mercosur
- Southern Brazil
- Argentina
- Chile
- Uruguay
- South America
William M. Jennings

**William M. Jennings** (December 14, 1920 – August 17, 1981) was an owner in the National Hockey League.

Born in New York, New York, Jennings was owner of the New York Rangers from 1959 until his death in 1981.  The William M. Jennings Trophy was named in his honour.  Jennings also helped initiate the Lester Patrick Trophy in 1966, which he would win in 1971.  He was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1975, and the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 1981.
Concussion

**Concussion** is an injury to the brain caused by being hit on the head, as often happens in motor vehicle collisions, fights or contact sports such as football. It is the most common form of traumatic brain injury. Related terms include **mild brain injury**, **mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI)**, **mild head injury (MHI)**,  and **minor head trauma**. Patients with severe concussion are occasionally monitored in hospital. The main reason for this is the risk of bleeding in the brain, which can be life-threatening.

Common symptoms of concussion include: headache, dizziness, fatigue, problems with vision, confusion and loss of consciousness. A person with a mild concussion may have nothing more than a headache or confusion for a while. In more severe cases, symptoms tend to last longer, and may include loss of consciousness. Other associated symptoms are: worsening headache, inability to wake, dilation of the eyes, vomiting, nausea, loss of coordination and weakness of extremities (for example the arms).

Symptoms may last less than a week in minor cases, but recovery from more severe concussions can take up to 4 weeks. The most common causes of concussions are accidents; in some cases, wearing a helmet can help prevent major damage.

## Concussion and Aphasia

One often underreported symptom of concussion is aphasia.  Aphasia is the loss of ability to produce or understand speech; it is caused by brain damage.  Most of the important areas for speech and language are located in the left hemisphere. As such, patients who have concussions due to injury on the left side of the head could be more at risk for these symptoms.

The most common kinds of aphasia associated with traumatic brain injury are amnestic aphasia and verbal paraphasia.  Amnesic aphasia, also known as anomia, is an issue with word finding where patients struggle to find words for objects that they once knew.  There is no impairment of comprehension associated with anomia. This can be especially challenging for students trying to return to school and professionals returning to work.  The second kind of aphasia associated with concussion is verbal paraphasia, the substitution of one word for another.  Typically, the substituted word will have a similar meaning as the word it replaces; e.g. substituting sock with shoe.

As with most concussion symptoms, aphasia symptoms correlated with concussion typically get progressively better, as evidenced by a study done by Inger Vibeke Thomsen. Of the concussion patients studied that showed aphasia symptoms, only one patient had long term aphasia.  The others showed almost full recovery.

The National Aphasia Association recognizes that concussions can cause aphasia.  In serious concussions, aphasia is a documented symptom and can be temporary or permanent.  This is correlated to injury of brain regions that are important for language production. However, traumatic brain injuries usually effect multiple areas of the brain, so other symptoms will also be present. The damage causing aphasia will usually be on the left side of the brain.

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