juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Barq's

**Barq's** or (**Barq's Famous Olde Tyme Root Beer**) is a soft drink (soda) which has a caramel color in it. Barq's is a brand of root beer and is notable for being the first major North American root beer which contained caffeine. Barq's is manufactured by The Coca-Cola Company. Barq's is pronounced _"Barks"_.

## History

Barq's was invented by Edward Charles Edmond Barq and his younger brother, Gaston who worked for _The Barq's Brothers Bottling Company_ which was founded in 1890 in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana. However, Barq's was not actually bottled and sold until 1898 in Biloxi, Mississippi. Early on in their brand they created a popular creation called _Orangine_, which was an orange-flavored soda. Orangine won a gold medal at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition World's Fair.

## Flavors

The company sells all sorts of flavors of Barq's such as:

- **Barq's Famous Olde Tyme Root Beer**
- **Diet Barq's**
- **Barq's Red Crème Soda**
- **Barq's French Vanilla Crème Soda**
- **Barq's Floatz**
- **Barq's Floatz ice cream squeeze tubes**.

## Other websites

- Barq's Official website
Non-periodic comet

**Non-periodic comets** are comets have only passed through the Solar System once. They do not orbit around the Sun, or they may take longer than 200 years to orbit. They are on orbits that will not bring them back to the Sun for hundreds, thousands, or even millions of years – if ever. Comets not expected to return to the Solar System include C/1980 E1, C/2000 U5, C/2001 Q4 (NEAT), C/2009 R1, C/1956 R1, and C/2007 F1 (LONEOS).

The official names of non-periodic comets begin with a "C"; comets that have been lost or disappeared have names that begin with a "D", like 3D/Biela.

## Related pages

- Comets
- Periodic comets

## Other websites

de:Liste der Kometen#Nicht- oder langperiodische Kometen
pam:Listaan da reng kometa#Deng kometang makikilala king lagyu
African Great Lakes

The **African Great Lakes** () are a series of lakes making up the part of the Rift Valley lakes in and around the East African Rift. It is bordered by Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania.
Matajur

**Matajur** is a 1642 meter tall mountain in the Julian Alps on the border between Slovenia and Italy. It is located on the border between the Soča valley and the Italian mountainous region known as Venetian Slovenia, with views over the Adriatic Sea. Its prominence is 1385 m.

On 26 October 1917 the Nazi officer Erwin Rommel captured the mountain with 100 men, against an Italian force of over 7000.

## Other websites

- Matajur - Hribi.net

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Matajur
- **photo**: Vrsno1.jpg
- **photo caption**: Matajur seen from Vrsno, Slovenia
- **elevation m**: 1650
- **prominence m**: 1385
- **location**: ,
- **range**: Julian Alps
Gas-filled tube

A **discharge tube**, or a **gas-filled tube** is an arrangement of electrodes in an insulated container, containing a gas. Very often, glass or ceramics are used as insulation. When there is enough charge on these electrodes, there will be an electric discharge, which will produce light. In the 19th century, Heinrich Geißler developed the Geissler tube,and Philipp Lenard did experiments that led to the development of the vacuum pump. Both technologies were used to develop the discharge tube. The most common kind of discharge tube is the gas discharge lamp.
Claude Auchinleck

Field Marshal **Sir Claude John Eyre Auchinleck**, GCB, GCIE, CSI, DSO, OBE (21 June 1884 – 23 March 1981), nicknamed "The Auk", was a British army commander during World War II. He was a career soldier who spent much of his military career in India, where he developed a love of the country and a lasting affinity for the soldiers he commanded. In July 1941, he was appointed Commander in Chief of the Middle Eastern theatre following his role in commanding the British victory during the Anglo-Iraqi War. After initial successes, the war in North Africa turned against the British, and he was relieved of the post in 1942, during the crucial El-Alamein campaign in Egypt. He served thereafter as commander in India until his resignation in 1947. He retired to Marrakesh, where he died at age 96.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Sir Claude John Eyre Auchinleck
- **placeofbirth**: Aldershot, England, United Kingdom
- **placeofdeath**: Marrakech, Morocco
- **image**: Cecil Beaton Photographs- Political and Military Personalities; Auchinleck, Claude John Eyre IB2095.jpg
- **nickname**: The Auk
- **branch**: British Indian Army, Indian Army
- **serviceyears**: 1904–1947
- **rank**: Field Marshal (UK), Field Marshal
- **commands**: 1st Battalion, 1st Punjab Regiment (21 January 1929 - 31 January 1930)
Meerut district (1938)
3rd Indian Division (September 1939)
IV Corps (India), IV Corps (January 1940)
Commander-in-chief, C in C, Northern Norway (April - June 1940)
V Corps (United Kingdom), V Corps (June 1940)
Southern Command (United Kingdom), Southern Command (July - November 1940)
Middle East Command (1941-1942)
Commander-in-Chief, India (1941 & 1943-1947)
- **battles**: **World War I**:
- Egypt (1915)
- Mesopotamian campaign
**1935 Mohmand Campaign, Mohmand Campaign (1935)**
**World War II**:
 -Norwegian campaign
 -North African campaign
- **awards**: Order of the Bath, GCB (January 1945)
Order of the Indian Empire, GCIE (December 1940)
Order of the Bath, CB (July 1934)
Order of the Star of India, CSI (May 1936)
Distinguished Service Order, DSO (June 1917)
Order of the British Empire, OBE (June 1919)
mentioned in dispatches (1917 & 1936)
Legion of Merit, Chief Commander (USA) (23 July 1948)
Virtuti Militari 5th class (Poland) (15 May 1942)
Czechoslovak War Cross, War Cross (1944)
Order of the Star of Nepal, 1st Class (1945)
Knight Grand Cross of Royal Norwegian Order of St Olav, Order of St Olav (19 March 1948)
1st Class Order of Cloud and Banner (1947)
Grand Officer, Légion d'honneur
Croix de guerre (1918 and 1949)
Military Cross (Czechoslovakia) (1943)
- **laterwork**: Colonel 1st Bn. 1st Punjab Regiment (January 1933)
Colonel Inniskilling Fusiliers (April 1941)
Colonel 1st Bn. 4th Bombay Grenadiers (July 1939)
Colonel 4th Bombay Grenadiers (May 1944)
Colonel 1st Punjab Regiment (1947)
Geoffrey Charles Tasker Keyes

Lieutenant-Colonel **Geoffrey Charles Tasker Keyes**, VC, MC (18 May 1917 – 18 November 1941)  was an Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. At the time he was the youngest lieutenant colonel in the British Army.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Geoffrey Charles Tasker Keyes
- **lived**: 18 May 1917 - 18 November 1941 (aged 24)
- **placeofbirth**: Aberdour, Fife, Scotland
- **placeofdeath**: Al Bayda', Libya, Beda Littoria, Libya
- **placeofburial**: Benghazi War Cemetery, Libya
- **image**: Victoria Cross Medal without Bar.png
- **serviceyears**: 1937–1941
- **rank**: Lieutenant-Colonel
- **unit**: Royal Scots Greys
No. 11 (Scottish) Commando
- **battles**: World War II
- **awards**: Victoria Cross (Posthumous recognition, posthumous)
Military Cross
Croix de Guerre
- **relations**: Roger John Brownlow Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes, Admiral of the Fleet Roger John Brownlow Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes (father)
Battle of Mactan

The **Battle of Mactan** was fought in the Philippines on April 27, 1521. It was the first time the Filipino people fought back against the Spanish invaders led by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. Led by the chieftain of the island, Lapu-Lapu, they attacked the Spanish at Punta Engano on the northeast corner of Mactan Island. Lapu-Lapu's war chief was Bugto Pasa.  Magellan was killed by Lapu-Lapu in the battle.
Janeane Garofalo

**Janeane Garofalo** (born September 28, 1964) is an American political activist, stand up comedian and actress. She was co-host on the radio show _The Majority Report_.

Garofalo is of Italian and Irish descent. Her father is a former executive at Exxon. Garofalo was raised as a conservative Catholic. Garofalo now describes herself as an atheist.

She had two _Emmy Award_ nominations for her role on _The Larry Sanders Show_.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: Janeane Garofalo
- **image**: Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2003.jpg
- **imagesize**: 225px
- **caption**: Garofalo on the cover of _Ms. magazine_ in 2003
- **birth place**: Newton, New Jersey, U.S.
- **medium**: Stand up comedian, Stand-up, television, film, radio
- **nationality**: American
- **active**: 1988–present
- **genre**: Alternative comedy
- **subject**: American politics, celebrities, feminism, body image
- **website**: [http://www.janeanegarofalo.com/ www.janeanegarofalo.com]
Krypton difluoride

**Krypton difluoride** is a chemical compound, made of krypton and fluorine. The compound is chemically unstable. It will break into its components within a few days. Kryptondifluoride reacts with an explosion when it comes in contact with water or with organic compounds. Kryptondifluoride is a strong oxidizing agent; it is able to convert xenon to xenonhexafluoride or iodine to iodine pentafluoride. KrF<sup>+</sup> is the strongest known oxidizing agent, stronger than oxygen difluoride or elementary fluorine.
Bad Boys (1995 movie)

***Bad Boys*** is an American action comedy. The movie is about the trafficking of drugs in the Miami area. Will Smith and Martin Lawrence star in the movie. The earlier stars as Mike Lowrey; the latter as Marcus. _Bad Boys_ was released in April 1995.  There was a 2003 sequel, _Bad Boys II_.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Bad Boys
- **image**: Bad boys.svg
- **director**: Michael Bay
- **producer**: Don Simpson
Jerry Bruckheimer
- **screenplay**: Michael Barrie
Jim Mulholland
Doug Richardson
- **story**: George Gallo
- **starring**: Martin Lawrence
Will Smith
Téa Leoni
Tchéky Karyo
Theresa Randle
Joe Pantoliano
- **music**: Mark Mancina
- **cinematography**: Howard Atherton
- **editing**: Christian Wagner
- **studio**: Jerry Bruckheimer, Don Simpson/Jerry Bruckheimer Films
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **runtime**: 118 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $19 million
- **gross**: $141,407,024 (worldwide)
Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium

**Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium** is a sports and live music stadium in Washington, D.C.. It was originally called "D.C. Stadium". In 1969 it was renamed after US Senator Robert F. Kennedy. The D.C. United soccer team plays there. In the past, the stadium was also the home of the Washington Redskins football team, and the Washington Senators and Washington Nationals baseball teams.
Nationals Park

**Nationals Park** is the baseball stadium where the Washington Nationals baseball team plays. Before Nationals Park opened in 2008, the Nationals played at Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium.
American Red Cross National Headquarters

**American Red Cross National Headquarters** is the main location for the American Red Cross. It is in Washington, D.C. and was built between 1915 and 1917. The building has stained glass windows designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany inside. They are the largest windows that he designed outside of a religious building. Because of the building's importance it was made a National Historic Landmark in 1965.
Blood eagle

The **Blood Eagle** is a torture method where a person is cut by the ribs from the spine, breaking the victims ribs so they resembled blood-stained wings, and having their lungs pulled out. Salt was also sometimes sprinkled in the wounds. The torture method was mostly mentioned in Norse saga literature. King Ælla of Northumbria, Halfdan son of King Haraldr Hárfagri of Norway, King Edmund, King Maelgualai of Munster, and possibly Archbishop Ælfheah of Canterbury are all believed to have been victims of the torture method. The people who were affected by this punishment were only people of royalty that have committed heinous crimes.
Meade Lux Lewis

**Anderson Meade Lewis** (September 4, 1905 – June 7, 1964), known as **Meade Lux Lewis**, was an American blues, jazz and boogie woogie pianist. Together with Pete Johnson and Albert Ammons he made boogie woogie popular.

## Life

Lewis was born Meade Anderson Lewis in Chicago, Illinois . He started playing the piano not until his 18th year.In his youth he was influenced by the pianist Jimmy Yancey.

His first recording was "Honky Tonk Train Blues" for Paramount in 1927. The title was influenced by his youth where a railway run beside his home. The record was not very successful, so he washed cars to make a living. He rerecorded it for other labels in 1935 and 1937. Nearly each boogie pianist has recorded this title(f.e.Jean-Paul Amouroux, Keith Emerson, Jay McShann, Lloyd Glenn, Jörg Hegemann, Gene Phillips, Michael Pewny, Gene Taylor, Tim Wheals und Axel Zwingenberger). 1935 he was found by John Hammond and started a new career. In 1938 he played together with Pete Johnson and Albert Ammons in John Hammonds famous From Spirituals to Swing concert at Carnegie Hall. After this the pianists often played together at  Café Society and toured together. In 1941 he went to Los Angeles.

Lewis was the first pianist who played on the celeste and the  harpsichord in jazz and boogie records. In his later years he was uncomfortable with his fame as jazz and boogie pianist, so he played ragtime and pop songs. He did recordings till 1962 but at this time he was already forgotten. He died on June 7th, 1964 in a car accident in Minneapolis.

## Albums

This  three compilation albums from Classics give a good overview over Lewis´work.
- 1927-1939
- 1939-1941
- 1941-1944

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Meade "Lux" Lewis
- **img**: Meade Lux Lewis Billboard.jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Meade Anderson Lewis
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **death place**: Minneapolis
- **instrument**: piano
- **genre**: Jazz, blues, boogie-woogie
- **occupation**: Pianist
- **years active**: 1920s– early 1960s
- **associated acts**: Pete Johnson, Albert Ammons, Big Joe Turner
Carl Goerdeler

**Carl Friedrich Goerdeler** (31 July 1884 – 2 February 1945) was a monarchist conservative German politician, executive, economist, civil servant, and opponent of the Nazi regime. If a plan to kill Adolf Hitler on 20 July 1944 had succeeded, Goerdeler would have served as the Chancellor of the new government.

He was mayor of Leipzig from 1930 to 1937.

Goerdeler was executed by hanging.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Carl Friedrich Goerdeler
- **image**: Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1993-069-06, Carl Friedrich Goerdeler.jpg
- **birth place**: Schneidemühl, Germany (modern Piła, Poland)
- **death date**: (aged 60)
- **death place**: Berlin, Germany
- **party**: German National People's Party, DNVP
- **spouse**: Anneliese Ulrich
- **children**: 5 (e.g. Reinhard Goerdeler)
- **known for**: One of the leaders of the conservative _widerstand_ movement in Nazi Germany
- **occupation**: Politician, civil servant, executive & economist.
- **nationality**: German
Escherichia

***Escherichia*** is a genus of bacteria. They are named after the German doctor, Theodor Escherich, who discovered _Escherichia coli_, a bacterium common in human intestines. _Escherichia_ is similar to _Enterobacter_.
Portage la Prairie

**Portage la Prairie** is a city in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The population of Portage la Prairie was 13,270 at the 2021 census and is the 5th largest city in the province of Manitoba. The mayor of Portage la Prairie is 	Sharilyn Knox. Portage la Prairie is the sister city of Plant City, Florida in the United States.

## Name origins

The name comes from the French word _portage_, which means to carry a canoe overland and between waterways. In this case the "portage" would have been between the Assiniboine River and Lake Manitoba, over _la prairie_.

## Other websites

- City of Portage la Prairie - Official city website.
Bad Boys II

***Bad Boys II*** is a 2003 American action comedy movie directed by Michael Bay, It stars Martin Lawrence and Will Smith as police officers working for the Miami Police Department. The officers are on a mission to dissolve an ecstasy trafficking organization.

It is a sequel to the 1995 movie _Bad Boys_.

The movie received mostly negative reviews.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Bad Boys II
- **image**: Bad boys II.svg
- **director**: Michael Bay
- **producer**: Jerry Bruckheimer
- **writer**: Ron Shelton
Jerry Stahl
- **story**: Marianne Wibberley & Cormac Wibberley, Marianne Wibberley
Cormac Wibberley
Ron Shelton
- **starring**: Martin Lawrence
Will Smith
Jordi Mollà
Gabrielle Union
Peter Stormare
Theresa Randle
Joe Pantoliano
Ivelin Giro
- **music**: Trevor Rabin
- **cinematography**: Amir Mokri
- **editing**: Mark Goldblatt
Thomas A. Muldoon
Roger Barton (film editor), Roger Barton
- **studio**: Columbia Pictures
Jerry Bruckheimer, Don Simpson/Jerry Bruckheimer Films
- **distributor**: Sony Pictures Releasing
- **runtime**: 146 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $130 million
- **gross**: $273.3 million
Fire hose

A **fire hose** is a big flexible tube that is easy to bend. It is used to bring water from a pump to put on a fire at a high intensity. Because the water is under high pressure, all fire hoses must be very strong. They come in several sizes.
Holostei

**Holostei** is a group of ancient bony fish that show primitive characteristics. There are eight species divided among two orders, the Amiiformes represented by two living species, the bowfin (_Amia calva_) and the eyespot bowfin (_Amia ocellicauda_), and the Lepisosteiformes, the gars. There are more species to be found in the fossil record.

Holostei was thought to be paraphyletic before. However, a recent study said that they are the closest living relatives of the Teleostei.

## References

1. <small>Rick Leah. "Holostei". University of Liverpool ().</small>
1. <small>Patterson C. Interrelationships of holosteans. In: Greenwood P H, Miles R S, Patterson C, eds. Interrelationships of Fishes. Zool J Linn Soc, 1973, 53(Suppl): 233–305</small>
1. <small>Betancur-R (2016). "Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes Version 4". Archived from the original on 2017-07-11. Retrieved 2021-06-07.</small>
1. <small>Nelson, Joseph, S. (2016). _Fishes of the World_. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .</small>
1. <small>"Actinopterygii". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 3 April 2006.</small>
1. <small>Olsen P. E. (1984). "The skull and pectoral girdle of the parasemionotid fish Watsonulus eugnathoides from the Early Triassic Sakemena Group of Madagascar with comments on the relationships of the holostean fishes". J Vertebr Paleontol. 4 (3): 481–499. Bibcode:1984JVPal...4..481O. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.384.2050. doi:10.1080/02724634.1984.10012024.</small>
1. <small>Grande, Lance; Bemis, William E. (1998). "A Comprehensive Phylogenetic Study of Amiid Fishes (Amiidae) Based on Comparative Skeletal Anatomy. an Empirical Search for Interconnected Patterns of Natural History". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 18 (sup001): 1–696. Bibcode:1998JVPal..18S...1G. doi:10.1080/02724634.1998.10011114.</small>
1. <small>Brito, Paulo M.; Alvarado-Ortega, Jesus (2013). "Cipactlichthys scutatus, gen. nov., sp. nov. a New Halecomorph (Neopterygii, Holostei) from the Lower Cretaceous Tlayua Formation of Mexico". _PLOS ONE_.</small>
1. <small>López-Arbarello, Adriana; Sferco, Emilia (March 2018). "Neopterygian phylogeny: the merger assay". Royal Society Open Science. **5** (3): 172337.</small>
1. <small>Romano, Carlo (2021). "A Hiatus Obscures the Early Evolution of Modern Lineages of Bony Fishes" (PDF). _Frontiers in Earth Science_.</small>
1. <small>Brinkmann, W.; Romano, C.; Bucher, H.; Ware, D.; Jenks, J. (2010). "Palaeobiogeography and stratigraphy of advanced Gnathostomian fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) in the Early Triassic and from selected Anisian localities (report 1863-2009): Literaturbericht". _Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie_.</small>
Reñaca beach, Chile

**Reñaca** is a Chilean area of many beaches. It is at the north of Viña del Mar, Chile.

## Overview

There are many balnearios with some very good restaurants and recreational activities, specially in summer on the beach.

## Education

There are two universities:
- Universidad Andrés Bello (Reñaca headquarter)
- Universidad de Valparaíso (only the Faculty of Marine Sciences)

## Other websites

- Recreative Tourism in Reñaca
Silverstone

**Silverstone** is a village and civil parish in Northamptonshire, England. It is about  from Towcester on the former A43 main road,  from the M1 motorway junction 15A and about  from the M40 motorway junction 10, Northampton, Milton Keynes and Banbury.  The A43 now bypasses to the south-east of the village, between the village and the race circuit.

## History

The village is listed in the Domesday Book.

In the Middle Ages the village trade was primarily in timber from the surrounding Whittlewood forest, through the use of coppicing. Coppicing is a method of managing a forest. It allows trees to regrow after they have been cut down.

## Parish church

The first chapel in Silverstone was built by 1200 AD. In about 1780 the mediaeval building was replaced by a Georgian building. That building was enlarged in 1841 and 1852. The entire church was demolished (torn down) in the 1880's and replaced by the present Church of England parish church of Saint Michael. The building is a Gothic Revival designed by JP St Aubyn. It was finished in 1884.

## Facilities

The village has a public house, the White Horse Inn.

About  south of the village is the Silverstone Circuit. It was a Royal Air Force bomber base during World War II. Now it is the home of the British Grand Prix, a Formula One race. The race track attracts more than 300,000 visitors each year.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Silverstone
- **os grid reference**: SP670440
- **civil parish**: Silverstone
- **population**: 1,989
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 census)
- **shire district**: South Northamptonshire
- **shire county**: Northamptonshire
- **region**: East Midlands
- **country**: England
- **post town**: Towcester
- **postcode district**: NN12
- **postcode area**: NN
- **dial code**: 01327
- **constituency westminster**: Northamptonshire South (UK Parliament constituency), Northamptonshire South
Rasmus Lindgren

**Rasmus Lindgren** (born 29 November 1984 in Landskrona,Sweden) is a Swedish footballer who  plays for Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. Before he went to Red Bull in the summer of 2011, he played for AFC Ajax Amsterdam and FC Groningen in the Dutch Eredivisie.

## Career

He started with his local team  Landskrona BoIS and went on to Ajax Amsterdams youth team in 2003. He became member of Ajax´ first squad in 2005. He played four times and then he came to FC Groningen on loan. After this he signed with Groningen and played 84 matches for the team. In January 2008 he came back to Ajax and became a regular player in the next two seasons. But injuries and the chance of the playing system under the coaches Martin Jol and Frank de Boer made him to a  substitute player. So he went on to Red Bull Salzburg in 2011.

## International

After making 9 appearances in the U21 team, he made his debut for Sweden on 19 November 2008, in a 3–1 defeat to the Netherlands.

## Honours

**Ajax**
- Eredivisie (1): 2010-11

## Infobox (football biography)

- **playername**: Rasmus Lindgren
- **image**: Rasmus-Lindgren.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **birth place**: Landskrona, Sweden
- **currentclub**: Free agent
- **position**: Midfielder#Defensive midfielder, Defensive Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 2002–2003
- **youthclubs1**: Landskrona BoIS
- **youthyears2**: 2003–2005
- **youthclubs2**: Jong Ajax, Ajax
- **years1**: 2005
- **caps1**: 4
- **goals1**: 0
- **clubs1**: AFC Ajax, Ajax
- **years2**: 2005–2008
- **caps2**: 82
- **goals2**: 4
- **clubs2**: FC Groningen
- **years3**: 2008–2011
- **caps3**: 54
- **goals3**: 6
- **clubs3**: AFC Ajax, Ajax
- **years4**: 2011–2012
- **caps4**: 20
- **goals4**: 1
- **clubs4**: FC Red Bull Salzburg, Red Bull Salzburg
- **nationalyears1**: 2005–2006
- **nationalcaps1**: 9
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalteam1**: Sweden national under-21 football team, Sweden U21
- **nationalyears2**: 2008–2009
- **nationalcaps2**: 2
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **nationalteam2**: Sweden national football team, Sweden
- **pcupdate**: 15 May 2011
- **ntupdate**: 29 January 2008
San Sebastián University

**San Sebastián University** (**Universidad San Sebastián**) is a private university in Chile with headquarters in Santiago. Some faculties are in Concepción, Puerto Montt and Valdivia.

## History

It was founded and established in 1989, state-recognized in 2001.

## Faculties

- Architecture
- Art and Design
- Health Sciences
- Social Sciences
- Law
- Business & Economy
- Engineering & Technology
- Veterinary medicine
- Medicine & Nursing
- Dental & Medical Technology
- Education

## Other websites

- Universidad San Sebastián official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Saint Sebastian University
- **native name**: Universidad San Sebastián
- **motto**: _Pasión, responsabilidad, emprendimiento_
- **mottoeng**: Passion, responsibility, entrepreneurship
- **established**: 1989
- **type**: Private university, Private
- **president**: Alejandro Pérez Rodríguez
- **city**: Santiago, Concepción, Chile, Concepción, Valdivia, Chile, Valdivia, Osorno, Chile, Osorno, Puerto Montt
- **country**: Chile
- **website**: http://www.uss.cl/ www.uss.cl
Adulterant

An **adulterant** is a chemical substance that should not be present in other substances, like food, drinks or fuels. Adulterants are often added to more expensive substances to increase the visible quantity. The word is used when the addition is unwanted by the recipient of the product. Chemical substances that are added to food or drinks for a purpose are called food additives. When substances are added to (illegal) drugs, these are often called cutting agents.
Google+

**Google+** was a social networking website owned and operated by Google. Google+ was opened to people with an invitation on April 28, 2008 for testing. The next day on an unknown date, people with accounts were allowed to invite friends to the service. This was stopped within a day after there was a insane demand for accounts.

Google+ is made to work with different Google social services such as Google Profiles and Google Buzz. It also has features including Circles, Hangouts, Sparks and Huddles. It has been said that this is Google's biggest attempt to rival the social network Facebook.

On October 8, 2018, Google said they were going to shut down Google+ by the end of August 2019. This is because a software bug in Google+ let people see the data of hundreds of thousands of users. They later moved the shut down date to April 2, 2019 after discovering yet another bug.

## Growth

On 14 July 2011, Google said that Google+ had 10 million users two weeks after it was opened to people with invitations. After three weeks, Google+ had 20 million users. The Google+ iPhone app was the most popular free application in the Apple App Store less than a day after it was added to the store.

## Features

- "Circles" lets users to organize contacts into groups for sharing.
- "Messaging" lets people communicate with their circles using Android, iPhone, and SMS devices.
- "Hangouts" are places used to have a group video chat within a circle.
- "Instant Upload" lets people with Android smartphones upload and store photos or video in a private album for sharing later.
- "Sparks" uses Google Search to let users find topics they might like to share with others.
- "Streams" lets users see updates from those in their circles. This is similar to a news feed.
- "Ripples" is a visualization tool that allows users to play back public shares and conversations.

## Other websites

- The Google+ Project

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Google+
- **logo**: Google+ logo.svg
- **logo size**: 250px
- **commercial**: Yes
- **registration**: Required; no longer available
- **language**: Multilingual
- **num users**: 111 million (2015)
- **programming language**: Java (programming language), Java, JavaScript
- **successor**: Google Hangouts (2013–present)
- **owner**: Google
- **footnotes**: <div class="plainlist" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.3em;text-align:left;">
* </div>
- **current status**: Closed on April 2, 2019
Colombia at the Olympics

**Colombia** was at the **Olympic Games** in 1932 for the first time.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Colombia is COL.

## History

Teams from Colombia have been in all but one Summer Olympic Games since then, missing only the 1952 Games.  Colombia was in the Winter Olympic Games in the 2010 Winter Olympics.

Colombian athletes have won a total of eleven Olympic medals in six different sports. María Isabel Urrutia won the nation's first gold medal in 2000.

The National Olympic Committee for Colombia was formed in 1936 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1948.

## List of medalists

|style="width:6em"|Medal|style="width:10em"|Name|style="width:10em"|Games|style="width:7em"|Sport|style="width:12em"|Event|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||1972 Munich|Boxing|Men's featherweight||||||
|||1972 Munich|Boxing|Men's lightweight||||||
|||1972 Munich|Shooting|50 metre running target||||||
|||1984 Los Angeles|Shooting|50 metre running target||||||
|||1988 Seoul|Boxing|Men's bantamweight||||||
|||1992 Barcelona|Athletics|Women's 400 metres||||||
|||2000 Sydney|Weightlifting|Women's 75 kg||||||
|||2004 Athens|Cycling|Women's points race||||||
|||2004 Athens|Weightlifting|Women's 53 kg||||||
|||2008 Beijing|Weightlifting|Men's 62 kg||||||
|||2008 Beijing|Wrestling|Women's freestyle 55 kg||||||
|||2012 London|Cycling|Men's road race||||||
|||2012 London|Weightlifting|Men's 62 kg||||||
|||2012 London|Judo|Women's 70 kg||||||
|||2012 London|Athletics|Women's triple jump||||||
|||2012 London|Taekwondo|Men's 58 kg||||||
|||2012 London|Wrestling|Women's freestyle 55 kg||||||
|||2012 London|Cycling|Women's BMX||||||
|||2012 London|Cycling|Men's BMX||||||

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- Colombia profile at London2012.com
- COlombia at Olympic.org

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: COL
- **nocname**: Colombian Olympic Committee
- **games**: Olympics
- **website**:  
- **gold**: 5
- **silver**: 9
- **bronze**: 14
Costa Rica at the Olympics

**Costa Rica** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1936

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Costa Rica was COS. It is now CRC.

## History

Teams from Costa Rica have been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1964.  Costa Rica has been in several Winter Olympic Games since 1980.

Costa Rican athletes have won a total of four medals, all by Silvia Poll and Claudia Poll in swimming.

The National Olympic Committee for Costa Rica was formed in 1953 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1954.

### Medals by Summer Games

|Games|Athletes||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="background:gold; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Gold|style="background:silver; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Silver|style="background:#cc9966; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Bronze||
|1936 Berlin|1|0|0|0|0|–|
|1948 London|_did not participate_||||||
|align=left|1952 Helsinki||||||
|align=left|1956 Melbourne||||||
|align=left|1960 Rome||||||
|1964 Tokyo|2|0|0|0|0|–|
|1968 Mexico City|20|0|0|0|0|–|
|1972 Munich|3|0|0|0|0|–|
|1976 Montreal|5|0|0|0|0|–|
|1980 Moscow|32|0|0|0|0|–|
|1984 Los Angeles|30|0|0|0|0|–|
|1988 Seoul|15|0|1|0|1|36|
|1992 Barcelona|16|0|0|0|0|–|
|1996 Atlanta|11|1|0|0|1|49|
|2000 Sydney|7|0|0|2|2|69|
|2004 Athens|20|0|0|0|0|–|
|2008 Beijing|8|0|0|0|0|–|
|2012 London|11|0|0|0|0|–|

### Medals by Winter Games

|Games|Athletes||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="background:gold; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Gold|style="background:silver; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Silver|style="background:#cc9966; width:4.5em; font-weight:bold;"|Bronze||
|1980 Lake Placid|1|0|0|0|0|–|
|1984 Sarajevo|3|0|0|0|0|–|
|1988 Calgary|2|0|0|0|0|–|
|1992 Albertville|4|0|0|0|0|–|
|1994 Lillehammer|_did not participate_||||||
|align=left|1998 Nagano||||||
|2002 Salt Lake City|1|0|0|0|0|–|
|2006 Turin|1|0|0|0|0|–|
|2010 Vancouver|_did not participate_||||||

## List of medalists

|style="width:5em"|Medal|style="width:15em"|Name|style="width:15em"|Games|style="width:15em"|Sport|style="width:15em"|Event|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Silvia Poll|1988 Seoul|Swimming|Women's 200 m freestyle||||||
||Claudia Poll|1996 Atlanta|Swimming|Women's 200 m freestyle||||||
||Claudia Poll|2000 Sydney|Swimming|Women's 200 m freestyle||||||
||Claudia Poll|2000 Sydney|Swimming|Women's 400 m freestyle||||||

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- Costa Rica profile at London2012.com
- Costa Rica at Olympic.org

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: CRC
- **nocname**: Comité Olímpico de Costa Rica
- **games**: Olympics
- **website**:  
- **gold**: 1
- **silver**: 1
- **bronze**: 2
Cuba at the Olympics

**Cuba** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1900.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Cuba is CUB.

## History

Teams from Cuba have been in 19 of 26 Summer Olympic Games overall.  Cuban athletes have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

Cuban athletes have won a total of 208 medals at the Summer Olympics.

The National Olympic Committee for Cuba is the _Comité Olímpico Cubano_.  It was formed in 1926 and recognized in 1954.

## Medalists

|style="width:6em"|Medal|style="width:15em"|Name|style="width:12em"|Games|style="width:12em"|Sport|style="width:12em"|Event|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Mijail López|2008 Beijing|Wrestling (Greco-Roman)|Men's 120 kg||||||
||Yarelys Barrios|2008 Beijing|Athletics|Women's discus throw||||||
||Yoanka González|2008 Beijing|Cycling (Track)|Women's points race||||||
||Yanet Bermoy|2008 Beijing|Judo|Women's -48 kg||||||
||Anaysi Hernández|2008 Beijing|Judo|Women's -70 kg||||||
||Yalennis Castillo|2008 Beijing|Judo|Women's -78 kg||||||
||Ibrahim Camejo|2008 Beijing|Athletics|Men's long jump||||||
||Yordanis Arencibia|2008 Beijing|Judo|Men's -66 kg||||||
||Oscar Brayson|2008 Beijing|Judo|Men's +100 kg||||||
||Idalys Ortiz|2008 Beijing|Judo|Women's +78 kg||||||
||Eglis Yaima Cruz|2008 Beijing|Shooting|Women's 50m rifle 3 positions||||||
||Robeisy Ramírez|2012 London|Boxing|Men's flyweight||||||
||Roniel Iglesias|2012 London|Boxing|Men's lightweight||||||
||Idalys Ortiz|2012 London|Judo|Women's +78 kg||||||
||Leuris Pupo|2012 London|Shooting|Men's 25m rapid fire pistol||||||
||Mijail López|2012 London|Wrestling (Greco-Roman)|Men's 120 kg||||||
||Yarisley Silva|2012 London|Athletics|Women's pole vault||||||
||Asley Gonzalez|2012 London|Judo|Men's -90 kg||||||
||Yanet Bermoy|2012 London|Judo|Women's -52 kg||||||
||Leonel Suarez|2012 London|Athletics|Men's decathlon||||||
||Lazaro Alvarez|2012 London|Boxing|Men's bantamweight||||||
||Yasniel Toledo|2012 London|Boxing|Men's lightweight||||||
||Robelis Despaigne|2012 London|Taekwondo|Men's +80 kg||||||
||Ivan Cambar|2012 London|Weightlifting|Men's 77 kg||||||
||Liván López|2012 London|Wrestling|Men's 66 kg freestyle||||||

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- Cuba profile at London2012.com
- Cuba at Olympic.org

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: CUB
- **nocname**: Cuban Olympic Committee
- **games**: Olympics
- **gold**: 78
- **silver**: 68
- **bronze**: 80
Dominica at the Olympics

**Dominica** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1996.  They have been in each Games since then. Thea LaFond won the country’s first gold medal in the 2024 Paris Games in the triple long jump.

The Dominica Olympic Committee was formed in 1993 and recognized in 1998.

Dominica has not been in any Winter Olympic Games.

## Olympic table Summer

|rowspan=2|Games|rowspan=2|Athletes|colspan=2|Athletes by sport|colspan=3|Medals|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Atlanta 1996|6|5|1|0|0|0||
|Sydney 2000|4|2|2|0|0|0||
|Athens 2004|2|2|0|0|0|0||
|Bejiing 2008|2|2|0|0|0|0||

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- Dominica profile at London2012.com

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: DMA
- **nocname**: Dominica Olympic Committee
- **games**: Olympics
- **gold**: 1
- **silver**: 0
- **bronze**: 0
Dominican Republic at the Olympics

**Dominican Republic** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1964.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the Dominican Republic is DOM.

## History

Teams from the Dominican Republic have competed in the Summer Olympic Games. None have gone to the Winter Olympic Games.

The country has won six medals in all.

## List of medalists

|style="width:5em"|Medal|style="width:15em"|Name|style="width:15em"|Games|style="width:15em"|Sport|style="width:15em"|Event|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Pedro Nolasco|1984 Los Angeles|Boxing|Bantamweight||||||
||Félix Sánchez|2004 Athens|Athletics|Men's 400 metre hurdles||||||
||Manuel Felix Diaz|2008 Beijing|Boxing|Light welterweight||||||
||Yulis Gabriel Mercedes|2008 Beijing|Taekwondo|Men's 58 kg||||||
||Félix Sánchez|2012 London|Athletics|Men's 400 m hurdles||||||
||Luguelín Santos|2012 London|Athletics|Men's 400 m||||||

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- Dominican republic profile at London2012.com

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: DOM
- **nocname**: Dominican Republic Olympic Committee
- **games**: Olympics
- **flagcaption**: Flag of the Dominican Republic
- **website**:  
- **gold**: 3
- **silver**: 2
- **bronze**: 2
New Jack City

***New Jack City*** is a 1991 crime drama movie starring Ice-T, Wesley Snipes, Allen Payne and Mario Van Peebles (who also directed the movie). The movie is set in New York City and is about the trafficking of illegal drugs and associated violence.
Stratford St. Mary

**Stratford St Mary** is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 703 people living in Stratford St Mary.
Ecuador at the Olympics

**Ecuador** has been in 12 Summer Olympic Games.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Ecuador is ECU.

## History

No Ecuadorian team has competed in the Olympic Winter Games.  The Ecuadorian National Olympic Committee was formed in 1948 and recognized by the IOC in 1959.

## Medalists

|Medal|Name|Games|Sport|Event|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Jefferson Pérez|1996 Atlanta|Athletics|Men's 20 km walk|
||Jefferson Pérez|2008 Beijing|Athletics|Men's 20 km walk|

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- Ecuador profile at London2012.com

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: ECU
- **nocname**: Ecuadorian National Olympic Committee
- **games**: Olympics
- **website**:  
- **gold**: 1
- **silver**: 1
- **bronze**: 0
El Salvador at the Olympics

**El Salvador** has been in thirteen Summer Olympic Games.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for El Salvador is ESA.  In 1964, it was SAL for "_salvador_".

## History

There have been no teams from El Salvador at the Olympic Winter Games. As of 2025, El Salvador does not have a medal.

The "Comité Olímpico de El Salvador" was formed in 1949 and recognized by the IOC in 1962.

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- El Salvador profile at London2012.com
- El Salvador at SportsReference.com

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: ESA
- **nocname**: El Salvador Olympic Committee
- **games**: Olympics
- **website**:  
- **gold**: 0
- **silver**: 0
- **bronze**: 0
Boroughbridge

**Boroughbridge** is a town in North Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 3,184 people living in Boroughbridge.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Boroughbridge
- **static image**: Boroughbridge.jpg
- **static image caption**: Boroughbridge high street
- **population**: 3,210
- **shire district**: Harrogate (borough), Harrogate
- **region**: Yorkshire and the Humber
- **shire county**: North Yorkshire
- **constituency westminster**: Harrogate & Knaresborough (UK Parliament constituency), Harrogate & Knaresborough
- **post town**: YORK
- **postcode district**: YO51
- **postcode area**: YO
- **dial code**: 01423
- **os grid reference**: SE393668
Cottonwood County, Minnesota

**Cottonwood County** is a County in Minnesota. At the 2020 census, 11,517 people lived there.  The county seat of Cottonwood County is Windom.
Sioux

The Sioux (pronounced "soo") are a Native American tribe.  They live in the Midwestern U.S. They have a long history with the European colonists that eventually became the Americans. Today, the Sioux mainly consist of 2 language-based tribes: The **Dakota**, and the **Lakota**.

## Famous Sioux People

- Sitting Bull

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Sioux
- **image**: En-chief-sitting-bull.jpg
- **image caption**: Sitting Bull
University of the Bío-Bío

The **University of the Bío-Bío** () is a university located in Concepción, Chile. It is one of the universities in the south of Chile.

## History

This university was created by the union of some statal universities and was founded in 1947 as the Technical University of the State (TUS).

## Faculties

- Business Studies
- Architecture, Design and Construction
- Sciences
- Engineering
- Education and Humanities
- Health Sciences and Food

## Other websites

- University of the Bío-Bío official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University of the Bío-Bío
- **native name**: Universidad del Bío-Bío
- **established**: April 9, 1947
- **chancellor**: Héctor Guillermo Gaete Feres
- **city**: Concepción, Chile, Concepción
- **state**: Biobío Region
- **country**: Chile
- **website**: [http://www.ubiobio.cl/ www.ubiobio.cl]
Mansion Passos Oliveira

The **Mansion Passos Oliveira** was a historic building in the city of São José dos Pinhais, Brazilian state of Paraná. It was built in 1876 and demolished in June 2011.
Alexander Walke

**Alexander Walke** (born June 6, 1983 in Oranienburg, Brandenburg) is a German professional football goalkeeper who is playing for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.

## Career

After starting football with his local club Eintracht Oranienburg he went at the age of 14 to Energie Cottbus. He was transferred to Werder Bremen where he reached the first squad in 2003. 2005 he went on to SC Freiburg and SV Wehen Wiesbaden. His next team was Hansa Rostock, where he signed a two-years contract but went in 2010 to FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. The 2010/11 season he played on loan for Greuther Fürth in the Second German Bundesliga then he came back to Salzburg. In the 2011/12 season he played his first league match on November 26, 2011 versus SV Kapfenberg. His last match was on 28 May 2023 versus Austria Klagenfurt. After this match he ended his career.He played 158 league matches for Salzburg.

## International

He played for Germany at the FIFA World Youth Championship 2003, but tested positive with doping.

## Honours

**Red Bull Salzburg**
- Austrian Bundesliga: 2011–12, 2013–14, 2014–15 , 2015–16 , 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21 2021-22
- Austrian Cup: [2011–12, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21 , 2021-22, 2022 -23

Category:Association football goalkeepers

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Alexander Walke
- **image**: 1. SC Sollenau vs. FC Red Bull Salzburg 2014-07-12 (081).jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **fullname**: Alexander Walke
- **birth place**: Oranienburg, East Germany
- **currentclub**: FC Red Bull Salzburg
- **clubnumber**: 33
- **position**: Goalkeeper (soccer), Goalkeeper
- **youthyears1**: –1997
- **youthyears2**: 1997–1999
- **youthyears3**: 1999–2003
- **youthclubs1**: Eintracht Oranienburg
- **youthclubs2**: Energie Cottbus
- **youthclubs3**: Werder Bremen
- **years1**: 2003–2005
- **years2**: 2005–2008
- **years3**: 2008–2009
- **years4**: 2009–2010
- **years5**: 2010– 2023
- **years6**: 2011
- **clubs1**: Werder Bremen
- **clubs2**: SC Freiburg
- **clubs3**: SV Wehen Wiesbaden
- **clubs4**: FC Hansa Rostock
- **clubs5**: FC Red Bull Salzburg
- **clubs6**: →SpVgg Greuther Fürth (loan)
- **caps1**: 0
- **caps2**: 74
- **caps3**: 34
- **caps4**: 34
- **caps5**: 158
- **caps6**: 21
- **goals1**: 0
- **goals2**: 0
- **goals3**: 0
- **goals4**: 0
- **goals5**: 0
- **goals6**: 0
- **nationalteam1**: Germany national under-20 football team, Germany U-20
- **nationalcaps1**: 3
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalteam2**: Germany national football team, Germany U-21
- **nationalcaps2**: 2
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **pcupdate**: 15 January 2011
Food Power

In politics, the use of agriculture or agricultural products to influence the outcome of decisions is called **Food Power**. Several nations with crude oil have organised themselves and founded a cartel called OPEC. Through this cartel, they can fix the price at which they will sell oil. Food power works in much the same way. Nations usually do what is best for their citizens, who usually want food.

Food power is part of food politics. Embargoes can also be used to put pressure on a nation. In order for a nation to make use of food power effectively, the nation must effectively apply and display scarcity, supply concentration, demand dispersion, and action independence. The four main nations that export enough agriculture to be able to exert food power are the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The U.S. does appear to use food power for punishment. Some African countries have used food power in internal conflicts on a smaller scale.
Audi S3

The **Audi S3** is a car that has been produced by Audi in four generations since 1999. It is a high-performance version of the Audi A3.
Arecibo message

The **Arecibo message** was a short radio message sent into space to celebrate the remodeling of the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico in 1974. It was aimed at the globular star cluster M13, about 25,000 light years from Earth. M13 was chosen because it was the right size, and was in the sky at the right time and place for the ceremony.

Dr. Frank Drake, then at Cornell University and creator of the famous Drake equation, wrote the message, with help from Carl Sagan, among others. The message was in seven parts which show:
1. The numbers one (1) to ten (10)
1. The atomic numbers of the elements hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus, which make up deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
1. The formulas for the sugars and bases in the nucleotides of DNA
1. The number of nucleotides in DNA, and a graphic of the double helix structure of DNA
1. A figure of a human, the size of an average man, and the human population of Earth
1. The Solar System
1. The Arecibo Observatory and the diameter of the transmitting antenna dish

It will take 25,000 years for the message to reach the stars, and at least another 25,000 years to get any reply. This means the Arecibo message was a show of human technological achievement, not a real attempt to talk to extraterrestrial life.  The stars of M13 that the message was aimed at will no longer be in that location when the message arrives. Cornell University said on November 12, 1999, the real purpose of the message was not to make contact, but to show the power of the new equipment. (Cornell University had built and operated the radio telescope for the United States National Science Foundation.)

The message consisted of 1679 binary digits, about 210 bytes. It was transmitted at a frequency of 2380 MHz and modulated by shifting the frequency by 10 Hz, with a power of 1000 kW. The "ones" and "zeros" were transmitted by frequency shifting at the rate of 10 bits per second. The total broadcast was less than three minutes.

The cardinality of 1679 was chosen because it is a semiprime. It can be arranged as a rectangle of 73 rows by 23 columns. The other arrangement, 23 rows by 73 columns, does not produce a meaningful result. The message forms the image shown on the right, or its inverse, when translated into graphics characters and spaces.

In 2009 the band Boxcutter made an album called the _Arecibo Message_, which has a lot of short songs.

## Other websites

- Arecibo Observatory Home Page