juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
St Agnes (Cornwall)

**St Agnes** is a large village on the north coast of Cornwall, United Kingdom, and a popular tourist destination. St Agnes is about five miles (8 km) north of Redruth and ten miles (16 km) southwest of Newquay.

St Agnes and the surrounding area were once reliant on the industries of fishing, farming and mining for copper and tin. Mining came to an end in the 1920s and many of these mines are still on view for any tourists.

The coastal area is part of the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and St Agnes Beacon is a local landmark.
Lillix

**Lillix** (formerly **Tigerlily**) was a Canadian pop rock band from Cranbrook, British Columbia. Lillex has five members in the band; the current band members are Tasha-Ray Evin, Lacey-Lee Evin, Eric Hoodicoff, Cameron Brass and Alex Varon. They released their third studio album, Tigerlily on August 24, 2010.

## Band members

- Current
- Tasha-Ray Evin
- Lacey-Lee Evin
- Eric Hoodicoff
- Cameron Brass
- Alex Varon

- Former
- Louise Burns
- Ashley Grobell
- Sierra Hills
- Kim Urhahn
- Alicia Warrington
- Scott Thompson
- Britt Black

### Albums

- _Falling Uphill_ (2003)
- _Inside the Hollow_ (2006)
- _Tigerlily_ (2010)

### Singles

- _It's About Time_ (2001)
- _What I Like About You_ (2002)
- _Tomorrow_ (2003)
- _Sweet Temptation (Hollow)_ (2006)
- _Nowhere to Run_ (2010)
- _Dreamland_ (2010)

## Other websites

- Lillix Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Lillix
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: Tigerlily
- **origin**: Cranbrook, British Columbia, Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada
- **genre**: Pop rock
- **years active**: 1998-2010
- **label**: Maverick Records, Maverick (2001–2006)
- **url**: [http://www.lillix.com Official Website]
- **past members**: Tasha-Ray Evin
Lacey-Lee Evin
Eric Hoodicoff
Cameron Brass
Alex Varon
Louise Burns
Ashley Grobell
Sierra Hills
Kim Urhahn
Alicia Warrington
Scott Thompson
Britt Black
Natalia Kills

**Natalia Noemi Cappuccini** (born 15 August 1986) is an English R&B singer-songwriter, and actress who is better known by her stage name, **Natalia Kills**. She was born in Bradford, West Yorkshire to a Uruguayan mother and Jamaican father. She released her debut album _Perfectionist_ on 1 April 2011 which features the singles, "Mirrors", "Wonderland" and "Free". She will be helping Ke$ha on her UK tour along with LMFAO.

### Albums

- 2011: _Perfectionist_
- 2013: _Trouble_

### Singles

- 2005: "Don't Play Nice"
- 2010: "Mirrors
- 2011: "Wonderland"
- 2011: "Free"
- 2012: "Kill My Boyfriend"
- 2013: "Problem"
- 2013: "Saturday Night"

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Natalia Kills
- **img**: Natalia Kills performing 3.png
- **img capt**: Kills performing at the Bootleg Bar in 2014.
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Natalia Keery-Fisher
- **alias**: Verbz, Verbalicious, Natalia Cappuccini
- **birth place**: Bradford, West Yorkshire, England
- **years active**: 1995-present
- **associated acts**: Far East Movement
- **url**: [http://www.nataliakills.com/ Official website]
Cloaca

The **cloaca** is a common rear opening in land vertebrates. Through this opening, the animals expel urine and faeces, and carry out reproduction.

The cloaca is a primitive or 'basal' feature of tetrapods. All amphibia, all sauropsids (reptiles and birds) and even monotreme mammals have a cloaca.

A different method is used by therian mammals, such as marsupials and placentals. They have an anus for defecation, and another opening for urine and sexual reproduction.
Chimney

A **chimney** is a structure used to ventilate hot flue gases  or  smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere. Most chimneys are vertical, or almost vertical, to make sure that the gases flow easily, drawing air into the combustion in what is known as the stack, or chimney, effect. The space inside a chimney is called a _flue_. Chimneys may be found in buildings, steam locomotives and ships. In the United States, the term **smokestack**  is also used when talking about locomotive chimneys or ship chimneys, the word **funnel** can be used too.

The Height of a chimney is really important, when higher, chimney's dispersion of pollutants will not cause too much influence on surrounding areas. Tall chimneys also allow chemicals to self-neutralize in the air before they reach the ground.
Home appliance

A **Home appliance** is any consumer-electronic machine use to complete some household task, such as cooking or cleaning. Home appliances can be classified into:
- Major appliances, or white goods
- Small appliances

This division is also detectable in the service area of these kinds of products. Most Brown goods require high technical knowledge and skills, while white goods need more practical skills and brute force to make the devices work, and heavy tools required to repair them.

The invention of home appliances led to a decline in employment of domestic worker<nowiki/>s in the 20th century.
Stephen Jay Gould

**Stephen Jay Gould** (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, taxonomist, and historian of science.

He was also one of the most influential and widely read writers of popular science of his generation.

Gould spent most of his career teaching at Harvard University and working at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. In the latter years of his life, Gould also taught biology and evolution at New York University near his home in SoHo.

Gould's greatest contribution to science was the theory of punctuated equilibrium, which he developed with Niles Eldredge in 1972. The theory proposes that most evolution is marked by long periods of evolutionary stability, which is punctuated by rare instances of branching evolution. The theory was contrasted against the idea that evolutionary change is marked by a pattern of smooth and continuous change in the fossil record.

Most of Gould's empirical research was based on the snail genera _Poecilozonites_ and _Cerion_. He also contributed to evolutionary developmental biology, and has received wide praise for his book _Ontogeny and Phylogeny_. In evolutionary theory he opposed strict selectionism, sociobiology as applied to humans, and evolutionary psychology. He campaigned against creationism.

Many of Gould's _Natural History_ essays were reprinted in collected volumes.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Stephen Jay Gould
- **caption**: on the cover of Newsweek
- **birth date**: September 10, 1941
- **birth place**: Bayside, Queens, New York
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York City
- **nationality**: American
- **fields**: Paleontology, Evolutionary biology, History of Science
- **alma mater**: Antioch College, Columbia University
- **work institutions**: Harvard University,
American Museum of Natural History,
New York University
- **known for**: Punctuated equilibrium
- **prizes**: Linnean Society of London's Darwin-Wallace Medal (2008)
 Paleontological Society Medal (2002)
- **signature**: SJG_Signature.png
Rich Peverley

**John Richard Peverley** (born July 8, 1982) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey center.

Peverley played hockey in the ECHL for 2 seasons with the South Carolina Stingrays and Reading Royals. He has formerly played for the Nashville Predators for 3 seasons, the Atlanta Thrashers for 3 seasons and the Boston Bruins for 3 seasons. He won the Stanley Cup with the Bruins on June 15, 2011 when the Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in game 7 by a score of 4-0.

On March 10, 2014, during a game against the Columbus Blue Jackets, he collapsed on the team bench. He has had heart conditions in the past and missed a few games the week earlier when he didn't feel well after a game. He is in stable condition. The NHL released a state on Peverley's health saying: "Dallas player Rich Peverley is doing well and is in stable condition. He was transported to the hospital." As a result of the emotional state of the players on both teams caused by the medical emergency, the game was rescheduled to April 9.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Rich Peverley Bruin.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Peverley with the Boston Bruins in 2012
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Right
- **birth place**: Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 195
- **played for**: Nashville Predators
Atlanta Thrashers
Boston Bruins
JYP Jyväskylä
Dallas Stars
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **draft**: Undrafted
- **career start**: 2004
- **career end**: 2014
Bengali Wikipedia

The **Bengali Wikipedia** is the Bengali language version of the Wikipedia. Bengali is the language of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. Bengali is an Indo-Aryan (coming from the region of India and Pakistan) language.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Bengali Wikipedia
- **logo**: File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-bn.svg
- **logo size**: 250px
- **logocaption**: Symbols of Wikipedia, a world consisting of characters from different writing systems
- **screenshot**: File:বাংলা উইকিপিডিয়ার প্রধান পাতা.png
- **caption**: Bengali WikipediaMain Page
- **collapsible**: yes
- **url**: Main page, bn.wikipedia.org

Main Page, উইকিপিডিয়া.বাংলা
- **commercial**: No
- **type**: Online encyclopedia
- **registration**: Optional, but required in certain cases. For example, for editing secure pages, creating pages on Bangla Wikipedia and uploading images
- **language**: Bengali language, Bengali
- **num users**: জন
- **content license**: * Creative Commons Attribution / Share-Alike
* Media licenses are subject to change
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
- **author**: Bengali Wikipedia community
- **current status**: Active
Nathan Horton

**Nathan Russell Horton** (born May 29, 1985 in Welland, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger that currently plays for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Horton played hockey in the OHL for 2 seasons with the Oshawa Generals. He has formerly played for the Florida Panthers for 3 seasons and the Boston Bruins for 3 seasons. During his time with the Bruins, Horton won the Stanley Cup with them on June 15, 2011 when the Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in game 7 by a score of 4-0. On July 5, 2013, Horton agreed to terms on a seven-year contract with the Columbus Blue Jackets.

He is married to Canadian model Tammy Plante who is the great-niece of legendary NHL goaltender, Jacques Plante.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Nathan Horton - Columbus Blue Jackets.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Horton in 2013
- **birth place**: Welland, Ontario, Welland, Ontario, Canada
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 229
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shoots**: Right
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **team**: Toronto Maple Leafs
- **former teams**: Florida Panthers
Boston Bruins
Columbus Blue Jackets
- **draft**: 3rd overall
- **draft year**: 2003
- **draft team**: Florida Panthers
- **career start**: 2003
- **career end**: 2014
Psocoptera

**Psocoptera** are an order of winged insects that are commonly known as **booklice**, **barklice** or **barkflies**. They first appeared in the Permian period, 295–248 million years ago. They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipterans. Their name originates from the Greek word _psokos_ meaning gnawed or rubbed and _ptera_ meaning wings. There are more than 5,500 species in 41 families in three suborders. Many of these species have only been described in recent years.

They range in size from 1–10 millimeters (0.04–0.4 in) in length.
Thrips

**Thrips** are an order of insects, the **Thysanoptera**. They are tiny, slender insects with fringed wings.

Other common names for them are thunderflies, thunderbugs, storm flies, thunderblights, and corn lice. The scientific name for the order Thysanoptera comes from the Greek _thysanos_ (fringe) and _pteron_ (wing).

Thrips feed on a large variety of plants and animals by puncturing them and sucking up the contents. Thrips species are pests if they feed on plants with commercial value.

Thrips found in the British Isles are tiny insects, just 1-2mm long, but in other parts of the world they can be up to 14 mm. They have two pairs of narrow, fringed wings, although some are wingless. More than 6,000 species of thrips are known around the world, with over 300 of these in Europe and about 150 native to Britain.
Cymbopogon

***Cymbopogon*** (lemongrass) is a tall perennial plant. Its common names include lemon grass, barbed wire grass, silky heads, citronella grass, and others. There are between 55 and 70 species, most of them grow in Asia.

## Uses

Lemongrass is native to the Philippines. It is a herb. It has a citrus taste and can be dried and powdered, or used fresh.

Lemongrass is used as a flavouring in teas, soups, and curries. It is also used for poultry, fish, beef, and seafood dishes. Powdered _Cymbopogon citratus_ is used as a tea in African countries such as Togo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Latin American countries such as Mexico.

These species are used for the production of citronella oil. This is used in soaps to repel insects (especially mosquitoes) in insect sprays, candles, and aromatherapy. The main chemicals in citronella (geraniol and citronellol) are antiseptics. They are used in household disinfectants and soaps.
St Columb Major

**St Columb Major** is a small town in Cornwall, United Kingdom. Often referred to locally as _St Columb_, it is about seven miles (11 km) southwest of Wadebridge and six miles (10 km) east of Newquay.
 The full name distinguishes it from the village and parish of St Columb Minor on the coast.

Twice a year the town plays host to the game of "hurling", a medieval game once common in Cornwall but now only played in St Columb and two other towns. It is played on Shrove Tuesday and then again on the Saturday eleven days later. The game involves two teams of several hundred people (the 'townsmen' and the 'countrymen') who attempt to carry a silver ball made of apple wood to goals set two miles (3 km) apart, making the parish the largest pitch for a ball game anywhere in the world.
Calstock

**Calstock** () is a parish and a large village in south east Cornwall, United Kingdom, on the River Tamar near the border with Devon. The village is  south west of Tavistock and  north of Plymouth.

The parish had a population of 6,095 in the 2001 census. As well as Calstock, other settlements in the parish include Albaston, Chilsworthy, Gunnislake, Harrowbarrow, Latchley and Metherell.

Calstock village is within the Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and lies on the scenic Tamar Valley railway. Mining was formerly an important industry here.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **static image**: Calstock from train.jpg
- **static image caption**: Calstock village from the viaduct
- **label position**: top
- **official name**: Calstock
- **cornish name**: Kalstok
- **population**: 6,095
- **population ref**: _(2001)_
- **civil parish**: Calstock
- **unitary england**: Cornwall Council, Cornwall
- **lieutenancy england**: Cornwall
- **region**: South West England
- **constituency westminster**: South East Cornwall (UK Parliament constituency), South East Cornwall
- **post town**: CALSTOCK
GUNNISLAKE
- **postcode district**: PL18
- **postcode area**: PL
- **dial code**: 01822
- **os grid reference**: SX4368
River Tamar

The **River Tamar** is a river in South West England, that forms most of the border between Devon (to the east) and Cornwall (to the west). The Tamar's source is less than 6 km (4 miles) from the north Cornish coast, but it flows southward. At its mouth, the Tamar flows into the Hamoaze (a wide estuary) before entering Plymouth Sound. Tributaries of the river include the rivers Inny, Ottery, Kensey and Lynher (or _St Germans River_) on the Cornish side, and the Deer and Tavy on the Devon side.

King Athelstan of England made the east bank of the River Tamar the boundary between England and Cornwall in the year 936. There are no road bridges over the lower Tamar apart from the modern Tamar Bridge at Saltash which was built to replace the ferry. In 1859 the Royal Albert Bridge was built across the Tamar at Saltash to carry the main railway line into Cornwall. Both bridges connect Saltash with Plymouth.

The Tamar Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty covers around 195 km² (75 square miles) around the lower Tamar (below Launceston) and its tributaries the Tavy and the Lynher. It was first proposed in 1963, but was not designated until 1995.
Corinthian order

The **corinthian order** is one of the three main classical orders (_styles_) of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. The other two are the Doric order and Ionic order.

The Corinthian is the most decorative of the three orders. It has thin columns that have grooves running vertically up the sides. The most important difference with the other orders is the big capital (_top part of the column_), which is decorated with leaves and scrolls.

## History

The oldest known example of a Corinthian column is in the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae in Arcadia, _ca_ 450–420 BC. This column stands inside the temple and does not form part of the wall. The oldest use of the Corinthian order on the outside of a structure is the round Choragic Monument of Lysicrates in Athens. It was put in place around 334 BC.

## Examples of Corinthian order architecture

- Greece
    - Choragic Monument of Lysicrates, Athens
    - Temple of Olympian Zeus (Athens)
- Rome
    - Pantheon, Rome (_illustration_)
    - Temple of Mars Ultor
- Renaissance and Baroque
- Neoclassical and Beaux-Arts
    - United States Capitol (_illustration_)
    - St. La Salle Hall, Manila
    - Don Enrique T. Yuchengco Hall, Manila
    - Enrique M. Razon Sports Center, Manila
- Ukraine
    - Great Lavra Belltower (_fourth tier - 8 columns_)
- Germany
    - The Reichstag, Berlin

## Related pages

- Classical order
- Doric order
- Ionic order
- Tuscan order
- Composite order

## Other websites

- A simple overview of the three classical orders
Wellington Monument, Dublin

The **Wellington Monument** is an obelisk in the Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland. It is also called "Wellington Testimonial" because it was built while Wellington was still alive.

The monument is in the southeast of the Park. It is near Kilmainham and the River Liffey. The obelisk is  tall. It is the largest obelisk in Europe.

## History

The monument was built to celebrate the victories of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. He was born in Dublin.

It was designed by the architect Sir Robert Smirke. Building was started in 1817. In 1820 they ran out of money. It was not finished until 1861 when it was opened to the public. There were also plans for a statue of Wellesley on a horse  in front of it. This was never built.

## Features of the Testimonial

There are four bronze plaques on the bottom part of the monument. Three have pictures about Wellington's career, the fourth has text. The pictures are 'Civil and Religious Liberty' by John Hogan, 'Waterloo' by Thomas Farrell and the 'Indian Wars' by Joseph Robinson Kirk. The text reads:

- _Asia and Europe, saved by thee, proclaim_
- _Invincible in war thy deathless name,_
- _Now round thy brow the civic oak we twine_
- _That every earthly glory may be thine._
Ashtown Castle

**Ashtown Castle** is a towerhouse in the Phoenix Park in Dublin. It is now part of the Phoenix Park Visitor Centre.

It is not clear when the castle was first built. It might date back as far as 1430. The roof dates from the 17th century.

After the building was made bigger and improved, it was used as the house for the Under Secretary of Ireland from 1782. In 1922, it became the house for the first United States ambassador to Ireland. After the ambassador moved to the Chief Secretary's Lodge, the Papal nuncio used the building until 1978 when he moved.

In 1978, the building was in bad shape. It could not be repaired. When they started to break down the building, they found the towerhouse inside the bigger building. It was restored to its old form.

## Other websites

- Heritage Ireland
The Aviator

***The Aviator*** is a 2004 American biographical epic drama movie directed by Martin Scorsese. It stars Leonardo DiCaprio as Howard Hughes. It was nominated for 11 Academy Awards, and won five, including Best Supporting Actress for Cate Blanchett, who plays Katharine Hepburn. Kate Beckinsale plays Ava Gardner. The movie also won the BAFTA Award for Best Film.
It is about the life of Howard Hughes, his flights and time as a film producer.
Chief Secretary for Ireland

The **Chief Secretary for Ireland** was the head of government of the Kingdom of Ireland and later the British Cabinet minister with responsibility for Irish affairs. It was the second most important politician in Ireland, after the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. From the late 18th century and early 19th century onwards the Chief Secretary would also sit in the British cabinet. Because of this, he was better connected and became more powerful that the Lord Lieutenant. From 1922, the Irish were no longer ruled by the British king, and the political office disappeared.

They used to live in the Chief Secretary's Lodge in the Phoenix Park.

## List of Chief Secretaries for Ireland

- List of Chief Secretaries for Ireland
St Mawes

**St Mawes** is a small town opposite Falmouth, on the Roseland Peninsula on the south coast of Cornwall, United Kingdom. It lies on the east bank of the Carrick Roads into which the River Fal flows. The town is in the civil parish of St Just in Roseland. It was once a busy fishing port, but the trade declined during the 20th century.

The town of St Mawes is a popular tourist location. There is a ferry service to Falmouth, which is less than a mile away by boat, but about 30 miles away by road. The town takes its name from the Celtic saint Maudez (Mawe), who may have come from Ireland.

St Mawes Castle is a well-preserved coastal fortress from the time of Henry VIII, built to resist invasion from Europe.
Roseland Peninsula

The **Roseland Peninsula**, or just **Roseland**, is a district of west Cornwall in the United Kingdom. Roseland is in the south of the county and contains the town of St Mawes and villages such as St Just in Roseland and Gerrans. It is a peninsula, separated from the rest of Cornwall by the River Fal (on the east is the English Channel).

There is some disagreement about where the peninsula  begins and some include the village of Tregony in Roseland and others do not.
Bourbon whiskey

**Bourbon** is a whiskey that is distilled from grain mash containing at least 51% corn and aged a minimum of two years.  It gets its name from Bourbon County, Kentucky where most bourbon is produced.  Many bourbons are made using a method called "sour mash" where fermentation of each new batch contains a little of the batch before to achieve a consistent quality.

Drinks made from bourbon include Lynchburg Lemonade, Manhattan, and Old Fashioned.
Scotch whisky

Whisky made in Scotland is known as **Scotch whisky**, or simply as "Scotch" (especially in North America).

It means the whisky is distilled in Scotland. It is usually a blend of malt and grain whiskies, and aged in barrels ('casks') for at least three years (four years for exports).

Single malt scotch is made only from malted barley and no other grain, sugar, or fermentable material. They are made at the same distillery and not blended with any other scotch. Most single malt scotches are aged an average of 8 to 12 years.
Annecy

**Annecy** is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Haute-Savoie department.

It is on the northern tip of Lake Annecy.  It is 35 kilometres south of Geneva.

It is often known as "la Venise des Alpes" or "the Venice of the Alps".

Annecy has hosted the _Annecy International Animated Film Festival_ since 1960.

Annecy bid to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games but lost to Pyeongchang.

On 1 January 2017, the former communes of Annecy-le-Vieux, Cran-Gevrier, Meythet, Pringy and Seynod were merged into the commune of Annecy.

## Sister cities

Annecy is a twin town with:
- Cheltenham, United Kingdom, since 1956
- Bayreuth, Germany, since 1966
- Vicenza, Italy, since 1995
- Sainte-Thérèse, Canada, since 1987
- Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia, since 2003
- Sassandra, Côte d'Ivoire

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Annecy
- **commune status**: Prefectures of France, Prefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image**: Annecy vue du mont Veyrier.jpg
- **caption**: Panoramic sight of Annecy and Lake Annecy.
- **image flag**: Flag_of_Annecy.gif
- **image coat of arms**: Blason d'Annecy.svg
- **time zone**: CET <small>(GMT +1)</small>
- **arrondissement**: Annecy
- **canton**: Canton of Annecy-1, Annecy-1, Canton of Annecy-2, Annecy-2, Canton of Annecy-le-Vieux, Annecy-le-Vieux and Canton of Seynod, Seynod
- **insee**: 74010
- **postal code**: 74000
- **population demonym**: Annécien/Annécienne
- **mayor**: Jean-Luc Rigaut (Union of Democrats and Independents, UDI)
- **term**: 2014-2020
- **dialling code**: 0450
- **intercommunality**: Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Annecy, CA Grand Annecy
- **elevation min m**: 396
- **elevation max m**: 1153
- **area km2**: 66.94
- **population**: 124401
- **population date**: 2014
Chambéry

**Chambéry** is a commune, the prefecture of the Savoie department.

## Sister cities

Chambéry is twinned with:
- Turin, Italy, since 1957
- Albstadt, Germany, since 1979
- Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Chambéry
- **image**: Panorama_Chambéry-Bauges_depuis_Chamoux_(2014)_(3).JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason_ville_fr_Chambéry.svg
- **arrondissement**: Chambéry
- **insee**: 73065
- **postal code**: 73000
- **intercommunality**: Grand Chambéry [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Chamb%C3%A9ry]
- **elevation m**: 270
- **elevation min m**: 245
- **elevation max m**: 550
- **area km2**: 20.99
- **population**: 58039
- **population date**: 2012
The Change-Up

***The Change-Up*** is a 2011 American comedy movie produced by David Dobrik, Neal H. Moritz, David Furnish and Gary Barber and directed by David Dobrik. _The Change-Up_ was released on August 5, 2011 in North America.

## Cast

- Jason Bateman as David "Dave" Lockwood / Mitchell "Mitch" Planko, Jr.
- Ryan Reynolds as Mitchell "Mitch" Planko, Jr. / David "Dave" Lockwood
- Leslie Mann as Jamie Lockwood, Dave's wife
- Olivia Wilde as Sabrina McKay, Dave's attractive assistant
- Craig Bierko as Valtan
- Gregory Itzin as Flemming Steel, Dave's boss
- Alan Arkin as Mitchell "Mitch" Planko, Sr., Mitch's father
- Sydney Rouviere as Cara Lockwood, Dave and Jamie's daughter
- Mircea Monroe as Tatiana, Mitch's nymphomaniac girlfriend

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Change-Up
- **director**: David Dobrik
- **producer**: David Dobrik
Neal H. Moritz
David Furnish
Gary Barber
- **writer**: Jon Lucas
Scott Moore
- **starring**: Ryan Reynolds
Jason Bateman
- **cinematography**: Eric Alan Edwards
- **editing**: Don Zimmerman
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
- **released**: August 5, 2011
- **runtime**: 112 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Aaron Rome

**Aaron Rome** (born September 27, 1983) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played parts of 8 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Anaheim Ducks, Columbus Blue Jackets, Vancouver Canucks, and Dallas Stars. He is currently a skills coach with the Brandon Wheat Kings of the Western Hockey League (WHL).

Before playing professionally, Rome played a combined 8 seasons in the Western Hockey League (WHL) for  with the Saskatoon Blades, Kootenay Ice, Swift Current Broncos and the Moose Jaw Warriors. He was on the Anaheim Ducks when they won the Stanley Cup in 2007 but he did not qualify to have his name engraved on the cup. He did however get a Stanley Cup ring and a day to spend with the cup in the off-season.

On June 6, 2011, Rome was given a four-game suspension because of a late hit that he did on Boston's Nathan Horton during game three of the 2011 Stanley Cup finals. The hit gave Horton a concussion and he was sent to the hospital.

In 2015, Rome would retire from playing professional ice hockey after a hip injury prevented him from skating. Since retiring, Rome moved to Brandon, Manitoba and became a skills coach with the Brandon Wheat Kings of the Western Hockey League (WHL).

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Aaron Rome Canucks practice 2012a.jpg
- **caption**: Rome with the Canucks in 2012
- **image size**: 230px
- **played for**: Anaheim Ducks
Columbus Blue Jackets
Vancouver Canucks
Dallas Stars
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 218
- **birth place**: Nesbitt, Manitoba, Nesbitt, Manitoba, Canada
- **draft**: 104th overall
- **draft year**: 2002
- **draft team**: Los Angeles Kings
- **career start**: 2004
- **career end**: 2015
Ben Smith

**Ben Smith** (born July 11, 1988) is an American professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks.

He has also played ice hockey in college at Boston College with the Eagles. He made his NHL debut with the Blackhawks on October 29, 2010 against the Edmonton Oilers. He scored 2 goals on April 15, 2011 against the Vancouver Canucks in his second NHL playoff game.

On April 24, 2011, Smith scored the overtime goal on a rebound by Niklas Hjalmarsson against the Vancouver Canucks' goaltender, Roberto Luongo, to force a Game 7 in Vancouver. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On March 2, 2015, the Blackhawks traded Smith to the San Jose Sharks in exchange for Andrew Desjardins.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Ben Smith - Chicago Blackhawks (cropped1).jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Smith during his time with the Blackhawks in December 2014
- **team**: San Jose Sharks
- **former teams**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right wing
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 205
- **ntl team**: United States
- **birth place**: Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, NC, United States, USA
- **draft**: 169th overall
- **draft year**: 2008
- **draft team**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **career start**: 2009
Topoisomerase

A **topoisomerase** is one of a group of enzymes that unwind and wind DNA in order to help the creation of DNA structures.

DNA is in a helix/spiral which helps make the structure of DNA strong and stable. However, when undergoing DNA replication, the spiral needs to be untwisted, and when spirals are being untwisted knots, and breaks can happen. When studying the structure of DNA, James D. Watson and Francis Crick knew that there was need for an enzyme to overcome this problem.

Topoisomerase binds to either side of the DNA strands and allows the DNA to be untangled or unwound.
NHL 12

***NHL 12*** is an ice hockey video game developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports. It is the twenty-first game in the NHL series. It was released on September 8, 2011 in Australasia, September 9, 2011 in Europe and on September 13, 2011 in North America. The game was featured at the 2011 Electronic Entertainment Expo.

## New Features

New features in NHL 12 include: the ability to hit goalies, goalie fights, improved Be a Pro mode, more realistic hits, helmets popping off when being hit, knuckleball shots, shattered glass, and more puck movements. Players can also play the 2011 Winter Classic at Heinz Field under snowfall. A new feature called the _Action Tracker_ follows the players every move in the game.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: NHL 12
- **developer**: EA Canada
- **publisher**: EA Sports
- **series**: _NHL series_
- **genre**: Sports game, Sports
- **platforms**: Xbox 360, PlayStation 3
Rosenery Mello do Nascimento

**Rosenery Mello do Nascimento** (born 1965  - died June 4, 2011) was a Brazilian celebrity also known as _"fogueteira do Maracanâ"_.

She was known for an incident at the football game between the teams of Brazil and Chile (1989) in the Maracanã Stadium, in a match valid for the World Cup qualifiers in 1990.

Soon after, she was on the cover of men's magazine Playboy.

She was born in Rio de Janeiro and died of a brain aneurysm there.
Anthony Weiner

**Anthony David Weiner** (born September 4, 1964) is a former member of the United States House of Representatives. He represented the 9th district of the state of New York. Weiner is a member of the Democratic Party.

## Early political career

After graduating from college at the State University of New York-Plattsburgh in 1985, Weiner began working on the staff of Charles Schumer, who was then a Congressman from New York.

In 1991, Weiner became the youngest person to be elected to the City Council of New York City. Weiner was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1999.

In 2011, Weiner became involved in a scandal after his Twitter account sent a woman a picture of a man with an erection. At first, Weiner said that he had not sent the picture and that somebody must have hacked into his account. However, a few days later, he admitted that he had sent the picture and that he had been having sexual conversations with several women through Twitter.

Because of the scandal, Weiner left the House of Representatives. He quit on June 16. In August 2016, Wiener was again blamed for sending a picture of his manbulge.

## Personal life

Weiner married Huma Abedin in 2010. Their son was born in 2011.

Weiner is Jewish.
Democratic Centralism

**Democratic Centralism** is a Leninist idea which means that the ruling party (in the case of Russia, the Bolsheviks) would discuss an idea to come up with an answer, and then once an answer was decided discussion would never be allowed again. Joseph Stalin used this principle to help him rise to power in the 1920s.
Politburo

In Communist parties the **politburo** (short for "political bureau") was the group of people that made all decisions of the party. The Central Committee elected its own members to the Politburo at meetings. The leader of the politburo was called the General Secretary, and this person was the most powerful person in the party.
Secretariat

A **secretariat** is the body that keeps a large organization organized. The Secretariat is the office of the secretary. Organizations that have secretariats include the US Navy and Interpol. The European Union's Council of Ministers has a secretariat that employs about 2,300 people. They provide a range of services including secretarial work, translation, and legal advice.
Vanguard

A **vanguard** is a (usually small) group of people who lead a movement. It comes from two old French words, _avant_ (front) and _garde_ (guard). In military terms, a vanguard is a group of soldiers who scout ahead to protect an army from surprise attacks.

## in Politics

In the political philosophy of Leninism "vanguard" refers to the "vanguard party". This would be a small group of dedicated revolutionaries who would lead the Communist movement in Russia.
Communist Party of Vietnam

The **Communist Party of Vietnam** is the political party that controls Vietnam.

## History

The Party was founded in 3 February 1930 by Ho Chi Minh as the **Indochinese Communist Party**. Ho led the party to power in 1945. In 1954, the country was divided into two at the Geneva Conference. After that, the party ruled only North Vietnam until 1975, when the party once again ruled over a united Vietnam.
Charly García

**Carlos Alberto García Moreno** (born in Buenos Aires, October 23, 1951) is a musician, composer and Latin American rock producer.

## Discography

- _Yendo de la cama al living_ (Spanish: Going from the bed to the living room) (1982)
- _Clics modernos_ (Spanish: Modern clicks) (1983)
- _Piano bar_ (1984)
- _Parte de la religión_ (Spanish: Part of the religion) (1987)
- _Cómo conseguir chicas_ (Spanish: How to get girls) (1989)
- _Filosofía barata y zapatos de goma_ (Spanish: Cheap philosophy and rubber shoes) (1990)
- _La hija de la lágrima_ (Spanish: The daughter of the tear) (1994)
- _Say no more_ (1996)
- _El aguante_ (Spanish: The hanging on) (1998)
- _Influencia_ (Spanish: Influence) (2002)
- _Rock and roll yo_ (Spanish: The "rock and roll" me) (2003)
- _Kill Gil_ (Spanish: Kill Dumbass) (2010)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Charly García
- **img**: Charly García - Cosquín Rock 2011.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Carlos Alberto García Moreno
- **alias**: _Charly_
_Charlie_
__ (_King of Argentine rock_)
_Mr. Say No More_
_Bigote Bicolor_ (Spanish language, Spanish: Mustache of two colors)
- **origin**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **genre**: progressive rock
symphonic rock
jazz rock
argentine rock
folk rock
piano rock
Rock and roll, rock
- **years active**: since 1967
- **url**: [http://www.charlygarcia.com/ CharlyGarcía.com]
Keith McCready

**Keith McCready** (born April 9, 1957) is an American professional pool player. He was born in Elmhurst, Illinois. His nickname is **Earthquake**.

## Professional career

He spent much of the 1970s and 1980s traveling throughout the United States as a tournament competitor and hustler. McCready started competing professionally when he was 21 in his homestate of California. Although he was losing, McCready played straight through nine racks of balls in nine-ball in the finals. He didn't miss any shots. He defeated Larry Hubbart, 11-6, to win the Sacramento Open Nine-ball Tournament.

On St. Patrick's Day in 1984, McCready won the Clyde Childress Memorial Nine-ball Tournament at The Maverick Club in Richmond, Kentucky against many famous players.

## In movies

In 1986, McCready starred as the character Grady Seasons, with Paul Newman and Tom Cruise in Martin Scorsese's Academy Award-winning film _The Color of Money_,
Fowey

**Fowey** is a small town and cargo port at the mouth of the River Fowey in south Cornwall, United Kingdom. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,273.
Fowey is in the South Coast (Eastern Section) of the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It lies at the end of the Saints' Way a long-distance footpath and has ferries across the river to Polruan (foot) and Bodinnick (vehicle). There are many historic buildings in the town, including the ruins of St Catherine's Castle, while Readymoney Cove has a local beach.
River Fowey

The **River Fowey** is a river in Cornwall, United Kingdom, which follows an irregular course across Bodmin Moor and enters the English Channel at Fowey.

There is a ferry between Fowey and Bodinnick. The first road crossing going upstream is in Lostwithiel. The river has seven tributaries, the largest being the River Lerryn. The part of the Fowey Valley between Doublebois and Bodmin Parkway railway station is known as the Glynn Valley (from Glynn House, Cardinham). The valley is the route of both the A38 trunk road and the railway line (built by the Cornwall Railway in 1859).
The catchment area of the River Fowey covers a total of  consisting of various types of rock.
Deerfield Residence

The **Chief Secretary's Lodge** is a house in the Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland. It is also called _Deerfield House_ or the _U.S. Ambassador's Residence_. It is used as the home for the U.S. Ambassador to Ireland. The size of the property and the land around it is about . It also includes three cottages and a gate lodge.

The building was completed in 1776. It was built by Col. John Blaquiere, Chief Secretary for Ireland of the British government. He was also the bailiff of the Phoenix Park. It was used as the house for the Chief Secretary until 1922, when the Irish Free State was formed.

In 1927, the American government started to use the building for the embassy and as house for the ambassador to Ireland. Later the embassy was moved out. In 1952, the American government improved the house and lands around it.

## Other websites

- New York Times has pictures of the inside of the building
Perranzabuloe

**Perranzabuloe** is a coastal civil parish and a hamlet in Cornwall, United Kingdom. The hamlet (containing the parish church) is just over a mile (2 km) south of the main settlement of the parish, Perranporth and seven miles (11 km) south-southwest of Newquay. The parish population was 5,382 in the 2001 census.

The name of the parish comes from the medieval Latin _Perranus in Sabulo_ meaning Piran in the sand. Piran (the patron saint of Cornwall) was a Christian evangelist who founded a church in the seventh century near the coast north of Perranporth. The ruins of this church were rediscovered in the 20th century. The medieval parish church of Perranzabuloe was over a long period completely lost in sand dunes. A new church had to be built further away from the coast.
Perranporth

**Perranporth** is a small seaside resort on the north coast of Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is six miles (10 km) southwest of Newquay and seven miles (11.3 km) northwest of Truro.  Perranporth has a population of 3,066. and is the largest settlement in the parish of Perranzabuloe.

The village's name is Cornish for _Saint Piran's cove_.  It is believed that Saint Piran founded a church at Perranzabuloe near Perranporth in the seventh century. Buried under sand for many centuries, it was unearthed early in the 20th century, but again abandoned in the sands in the 1970s.
Marazion

**Marazion** is a town in west Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is on the shore of Mount's Bay, two miles (3 km) east of Penzance.

St Michael's Mount is half-a-mile offshore from Marazion. At low water a causeway links it to the town and at high water passenger boats carry visitors between Marazion and St Michael's Mount.

Marazion is a tourist resort with an active community of artists who produce and sell paintings and pottery in the town's many art galleries.

Marazion is one of the towns claiming to be Britain's oldest town. Marazion was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 and is the oldest chartered town in Britain, having been granted this status by King Henry III in 1257.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **static image name**: Marazion.JPG
- **static image width**: 240
- **static image caption**: Marazion seen from St Michael's Mount
- **country**: England
- **map type**: Cornwall
- **region**: South West England
- **civil parish**: Marazion
- **unitary england**: Cornwall
- **lieutenancy england**: Cornwall
- **official name**: Marazion
- **cornish name**: Marhasyow
- **population**: 1,440
- **os grid reference**: SW523306
- **post town**: MARAZION
- **postcode area**: TR
- **postcode district**: TR17
- **dial code**: 01736
- **constituency westminster**: St Ives (UK Parliament constituency), St Ives
Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset

**Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset**, PC (18 January 1688 - 10 October 1765) was an English politician and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

Dorset was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland twice. First from 1731 to 1737 and then again from 1751 to 1755.
Boscastle

**Boscastle** is a village and fishing port on the north coast of Cornwall, United Kingdom, and 14 miles (23 km) south of Bude and 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Tintagel.

The name of the village comes from Bottreaux Castle, a 12th-century fortress, of which little survives. There is no church in Boscastle but there are churches at Forrabury and Minster. Boscastle harbour is a natural inlet protected by two stone harbour walls built in 1584 by Sir Richard Grenville. The oldest part of Boscastle surrounds the harbour; more modern residential building extends up the valleys of the Rivers Valency and Jordan.

A flash flood on 16 August 2004, caused extensive damage to the village. Residents were trapped in houses and elsewhere as the roads turned into rivers. In the largest peacetime rescue operation ever launched in the UK, 91 people were rescued and there were no deaths.
Richard Grenville

**Sir Richard Grenville** (1542 – 1591) was an English sailor, sea captain and explorer. He took part in the early English attempts to settle the New World. He was in the fight against the Spanish Armada. He died in 1591 at the Battle of Flores, fighting against overwhelming odds, and refusing to surrender his ship, the _Revenge_, to the far more numerous Spanish.

Sir Richard Grenville was a British naval commander.
He was born of an old Cornish family in about 1541.
His grandfather, Sir Richard, was a marshal of Calais during the time of Henry VIII.
Richard Grenville's father commanded and lost his life in the "Mary Rose" in 1545.
At an early age Richard Grenville served in Hungary under the emperor Maximilian against the Turks.
Tintagel

**Tintagel**, formerly **Trevena**, is a civil parish and village on the Atlantic coast of Cornwall, England in the United Kingdom. The village and nearby Tintagel Castle are associated with the legends surrounding King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.

The population of the parish is 1,820 people. It is about 5 miles from Boscastle and 6 miles from Camelford.

There are three churches in Tintagel: the Anglican church of St Materiana on the cliffs, and Methodist and Roman Catholic churches in the village.

In recent times, Tintagel has become attractive to tourists from many parts of the world. It is one of the most-visited places in Britain.

## History

In the village is the 'Old Post Office', a building which dates from the 14th century. It became a post office during the 19th century, and is now owned by the National Trust.

The modern-day village of Tintagel was known as Trevena until the Post Office decided to call it 'Tintagel' in the mid-19th century. Until then, Tintagel had always been the name of the headland and the parish).

Scholars have found it hard to explain the origin of 'Tintagel' as a name. It is most likely from Norman French, rather than from Cornish.
Camelford

**Camelford** is a small town in north Cornwall, United Kingdom, in the River Camel valley northwest of Bodmin Moor. The town is about ten miles (16 km) north of Bodmin and is governed by a town council.

**Lanteglos-by-Camelford** is the ecclesiastical parish which includes the town. The A39 road goes through the town centre. Camelford railway station on the line to Padstow was some distance from the town and closed in 1966.

In July 1988, the water supply to the town and the surrounding area was contaminated when 20 tons of aluminium sulphate was poured into the wrong tank at the nearby Lowermoor Water Treatment Works on Bodmin Moor. An independent inquiry into the incident (the worst of its kind in British history) was started in 2002, and a draft report issued in January 2005, but there is still concern about long-term effects on the health of local people.