juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
AAC

**AAC** is a file format for storing music or other sounds. It stands for Advanced Audio Coding or Advanced Audio Codec. It is used by Apple Inc. in the iPod and iTunes, by Sony in the Walkman, in all Android devices, in car stereos, and by many other devices. AAC is one of the standard formats that comes from the MPEG organization, the same people who invented MP3. AAC is part of the MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 standards. Like MP3, AAC is a compressed format. It works by removing parts of the music that people can not hear. A good AAC encoder can compress CD quality music to about 10% of its original size without affecting the perceived sound quality.

## Profiles

There are several profiles (variants) of AAC. These are the most popular:
- AAC LC – Standard AAC profile with no extensions. All AAC players support this profile. This is the format used by Apple (iPod / iPhone), Sony (Walkman), and many others; it takes up more space, has high audio quality, and is used for music stored on an iPod, CD-ROM, or disk drive.
- HE-AAC v1 – AAC with Spectral Band Replication - a more efficient format; it saves space for music sent over a network, like over the Internet or to a cell phone, although at the cost of sound quality. Brand names for this format include aacPlus™, Nero Digital™, and AAC+. A variant of this format is used for HD Radio.
- HE-AAC v2 – AAC with Spectral Band Replication and Parametric Stereo - an even more efficient format for music sent over a network, although at the cost of reduced stereo separation. Brand names for this format include aacPlus™ v2, eAAC+™, and AAC+ Enhanced™.
- AAC-LD - Low delay profile used for VOIP applications.

Various other profiles exist, but are not commonly used.

## File names

Here are some common AAC file name endings:
- .aac–music only (raw file without mp4 container, uncommon)
- .m4a–music and information
- .m4p–music and information, with DRM
- .m4b-speech and information, "Audiobook" recognized by Apple that keeps the listener's position
- .m4r-music and information used by Apple as a ringtone
- .mp4–music, video, or both, plus information

An AAC file that has only music and information could have a name that ends with either .m4a or .mp4.

## Encoders

A number of encoders exist for AAC. These are some of the most popular:

### Actively developed encoders

- Fraunhofer FDK AAC
- Fraunhofer FhG AAC
- Apple AAC
- Microsoft Windows Media Foundation AAC
- FFmpeg AAC
- Exhale (xHE-AAC only)

### Obsolete encoders

- FAAC
- Nero AAC
- VisualOn AAC
- PsyTel AAC
- Compaact
- Coding Technologies HE-AAC

## Metadata

A KDE/Qt application for Linux/Unix called easytag will edit metadata about AAC-encoded files as long as they end with the .m4a extension. Typically, renaming files to .m4a and back to the original extension after editing is sufficient. This method can be used to configure typical ID3v2 metadata including cover art. This cover art is used by Apple's iTunes and their media players. Note that easytag does not have the ability to add chapter points into Audiobooks (.m4b).
WMA

**WMA** is a file format for storing music. It was made by Microsoft. It stands for Windows Media Audio. It is used in Windows Media Player and many portable music players.

I am an amazing person who knows all about WMA but am not going to tell you anything
Hidden

**Hidden** or **The Hidden** can refer to:

- L'Encobert (in Catalan; El Encubierto in Spanish; "The Hidden [One]"), a mysterious rebel leader in the Revolt of the Brotherhoods in Valencia in 1522
- _Hidden_, also known as _Caché_, a 2005 French drama movie
- _Hidden_ (2009 movie), a 2009 Norwegian horror movie
- _The Hidden_ a 1987 American science fiction movie
Regatta

A **regatta** is a term used to describe either a boat race, or series of boat races.

Although the term typically describes racing events of unpowered watercraft, some powerboat race series are also called _regattas_.  Most commonly, a _regatta_ is either a series of rowing, sailing or yacht racing.

## Rowing regattas

- Henley Royal Regatta, held every year on the river Thames is the most prestigious British event
- The Boat Race is a rowing race between the Oxford University Boat Club and the Cambridge University Boat Club. It is rowed annually each Spring on the Thames in London.
- Dad Vail Regatta, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Head of the Charles Regatta, on the Charles River between Boston and Cambridge, Massachusetts

## Sailing regattas

- America's Cup, hosted by prior winner
- Balmain Regatta held annually on Sydney Harbour, Australia
- Bass Week, Bassenthwaite Lake, Cumbria
- Bay Week, Put-in-Bay, Ohio
- Block Island Race Week, Storm Trysail Club Rhode Island
- CORK Regatta, Kingston, Ontario, annually in August.
- Cowes Week, Royal Yacht Squadron, England
- Fowey Royal Regatta, Fowey Cornwall annually in August http://www.foweyroyalregatta.co.uk/index.htm
- Kamer 2 Sailing Marathon, Kaag, Netherlands, annually in September
- Key West Race Week, Key West, Florida
- Larchmont Race Week, Larchmont Yacht Club, New York
- Long Beach Race Week, Long Beach, California
- National Offshore One Design (NOOD)
- Round Texel, Texel, Netherlands, annually in June
- Lysekil Women's Match , Lysekil, Sweden, annually in August
- Tjörn Runt, Tjörn, Sweden, annually in August
- Washington's Birthday Regatta, Coconut Grove, Florida, annually in February
- Youngstown Levels, Youngstown, New York
- Figawi Race, Hyannis, MA

## College Sailing Regattas

- Charleston Open, College of Charleston
- Kennedy Cup, US Naval Academy
- The Roth Regatta, Roth Pond, State University of New York at Stony Brook
- Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships, various locations

## High school sailing regattas

- Mallory Cup, United States high school sailing national championships.
- The National School Sailing Assosiation Regatta, UK. Annual Sailing reggatta held in various sailing clubs and competed in by many secondary school students.

## Other regattas

- The Madison Regatta, Madison, Indiana. (hydroplanes)
- Kingston Multi-Hull Regatta, Kingston, Ontario (multihull sailboats and sailing hydrofoils)
- Henley-on-Todd Regatta - an Australian dry-land event.
- Royal Hobart Regatta - A Multiple event 3 day Reggatta in Tasmania, Australia.
- Sy Barash Regatta - discontinued event at Penn State
- Worrell 1000, between South Beach and Virginia Beach, Virginia
- For the Cruise Ship **Regatta** see Oceania Cruises

## Other websites

- How to Start Racing a Boat
- The photos and videos of Borneo regatta
- Watski Skagerrak TwoStar, online yacht race in Norway, Denmark and Sweden
- Aegean Regatta Photos
- International Sailing Federation, the international governing body of sailboat racing
- US Sailing's official homepage
- Sailing Anarchy, a very popular international sailing site
My-HiME

***My-Hime*** (舞-HiME, Mai-Hime) is an anime made by the Sunrise Inc. My-Otome is the parallel sequence to this story.

## Story

Mai Tokiha, the protagonist, is once of the Himes (Princesses) who are girls with power who fight against monsters and an evil organisation.
Zodiac

The **Zodiac** is the twelve constellations in the form of animals, humans or objects.

## Western zodiac

The modern astrological signs are the simplified pictures of the signs used in the Hellenistic times. These are the twelve aspects the signs represent:

- Aries  (The Ram) - (21 March - 19 April)
- Taurus  (The Bull) - (20 April - 20 May)
- Gemini  (The Twins) - (21 May - 20 June)
- Cancer  (The Crab) - (21 June - 22 July)
- Leo   (The Lion) - (23 July - 22 August)
- Virgo (The Virgin) - (23 August - 22 September)
- Libra (The Scale) - (23 September - 22 October)
- Scorpio  (The Scorpion) - (23 October - 21 November)
- Sagittarius (The Centaur-Archer) - (22 November - 21 December)
- Capricorn (The Sea-Goat) - (22 December - 20 January)
- Aquarius  (The Water-Bearer) - (20 January - 18 February)
- Pisces  (The Fish) - (19 February - 20 March)
A person's Zodiac sign is determined by at what time and on what day they are born. The Meteorological Signs do the same thing.

## Chinese Zodiac

In the Chinese zodiac, years match twelve animals in turn.
- Rat
- Ox
- Tiger
- Rabbit
- Dragon
- Snake
- Horse
- Goat
- Monkey
- Rooster
- Dog
- Pig

## Indian zodiac

- Mesha (Aries)
- Vrishabha (Taurus)
- Mithuna (Gemini)
- Karka (Cancer)
- Simha (Leo)
- Kanya (Virgo)
- Tula (Libra)
- Vrischika (Scorpio)
- Dhanu (Sagittarius)
- Makar (Capricorn)
- Kumbha (Aquarius)
- Meena (Pisces)
Artemis Fowl

***Artemis Fowl*** is a series of books about a young criminal mastermind. The books were written by Irish author Eoin Colfer. The series currently has eight main books and two short stories. The first two books are have been made into graphic novels.

- _Artemis Fowl_
- _Artemis Fowl And The Arctic Incident_
- _Artemis Fowl And The Eternity Code_
- _Artemis Fowl And The Opal Deception_
- _Artemis Fowl And The Lost Colony_
- _Artemis Fowl And The Time Paradox_
- _Artemis Fowl And The Atlantis Complex_
- _Artemis Fowl And The Last Guardian_

The two short stories are:
- _LEPrecon_
- _The Seventh Dwarf_
LEPrecon comes before Artemis Fowl, and is about one of the main characters, an elf called Holly Short. It tells how she moves to a unit in the fairy 'police' called LEPrecon (a word-play on leprechaun).
The Seventh Dwarf comes between Artemis Fowl and Artemis Fowl and the Arctic Incident. The Seventh Dwarf is about when two of the characters are trying to steal a tiara. They do not originally know they are both trying. They meet, and end up helping each other.

As the books advance, more attention is given to the moral progressiveness of the main character, Artemis Fowl II. In the first book he is shown as the bad guy, but further on in the series he is shown as a goodie.
Lee Hazlewood

**Barton Lee Hazlewood** (July 9, 1929 – August 4, 2007) was an American country singer, songwriter and record producer. He was most famous for writing the song _These Boots Are Made For Walking_ for Nancy Sinatra. He was born in Mannford, Oklahoma.

Hazlewood died of kidney cancer on August 4, 2007 in Henderson, Nevada at the age of 78.

## Other websites

- Article about his death at the BBC Website
Boundary

**Boundary** may mean:

- A border that encloses a space or area
- Boundary (cricket)
- Boundary (topology)
- Boundary lubrication
- Boundary (surveying), a dividing line between parcels of real property.
- Boundaries that are studied in landscape history
- Boundaries - 1997 Movie starring Playboy Playmate Kathy Shower
Decimal separator

The **decimal separator** is a symbol used to mark the border between the integer and the fractional parts of a decimal numeral. This symbol can be a period ("."), as is common in United States and other English-speaking countries, or a comma (","), as in continental Europe and many Arabic-speaking countries (which use a slightly different character ٫ instead). **Decimal point** and **decimal comma** are also common names for the decimal separator. For example, 9.5 means nine and one half in English speaking countries, while in many European countries, the same number might be written as 9,5 (and ٩٫٥ in an Arabic-speaking country).

### Digit grouping

For ease of reading, numbers with many digits (e.g. numbers over 999) may be put into groups using a delimiter, such as: comma (,), dot (.), half-space or thin space (" "), space (" "), underscore (_), or apostrophe ('). Example, using thin spaces as separator: 20 000 and 1 000 000 for "twenty thousand" and "one million". To stop confusion, different international organizations have called for using spaces, as the digital group separator: ISO, BIPM, IUPAC, and American Medical Association's (AMA).

In many programming languages, digits can be put into groups, to make code easier to read. Ada, D, Fortran, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Julia, Kotlin, PHP, Python, Rust, Swift, and V (Vlang) use the underscore (_) character for this purpose. The number seven hundred million shows as "700_000_000". In C++ and Red, they use an apostrophe for digit grouping; "700'000'000" in those languages.

## Related pages

- Arithmetic precision
- Decimal degrees
- Dewey Decimal System
Moving Picture Experts Group

The **Moving Picture Experts Group**, or **MPEG** for short, is a group of people that figure out ways to put music and video onto computers. Then they publish this information for people to use.

MPEG invented a number of file formats for music and video.

MP3 and AAC, which are two of MPEG's music formats, are very popular. The MPEG-2 video format, used in DVDs, is also very popular.

Companies like Apple use MPEG formats in iTunes and the iPod. Many YouTube videos use the MPEG-4 format, which sometimes goes by the brand names DivX™ or Xvid.
Princess Iman bint Al Hussein

**Princess Iman bint Al Hussein** (born April 24, 1983) is the daughter of the late King Hussein of Jordan and Queen Noor. She is the half-sister of the present Jordanian king, Abdullah II. Princess Iman was educated at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in England.
Clannad

**Clannad** are a musical group from  Gweedore, in County Donegal, which is in the north-west of Ireland. They are very famous for their haunting sound that has been used in many Hollywood movies. They have sold over 20 million albums all over the world and won a Grammy award in 1999. They are brothers and sisters Máire, Ciarán, and Pól Brennan and their uncles Noel and Pádraig Duggan. Their younger sister Enya was once part of the group.
Altan
Their first language is Gaelic and many of their songs are sung in that language.

## Discography

- 1973 – _Clannad (The Pretty Maid)_ debut
- 1975 – _Clannad 2_
- 1976 – _Dúlamán_
- 1978 – _Clannad In Concert_ [live]
- 1980 – _Crann Úll_
- 1982 – _Fuaim_
- 1983 – _Magical Ring_
- 1984 – **'Legend**' [soundtrack for Robin of Sherwood]
- 1985 – _Macalla_
- 1987 – _Sirius_
- 1988 – _Atlantic Realm_ [soundtrack]
- 1989 – _Past Present_ [compilation]
- 1990 – _The Collection_ [compilation]
- 1989 – _The Angel and the Soldier Boy_ [soundtrack]
- 1990 – _Anam_ <small>(US: 1992)</small>
- 1993 – _Banba_ <small>(with The Last of the Mohicans soundtrack theme)</small>
- 1994 – _Themes_
- 1996 – _Lore_
- 1996 – _Rogha: The Best Of Clannad_
- 1997 – _Landmarks_
- 1998 – _An Díolaim_ [collection of early recordings for Irish Gael-Linn label]
- 2003 – _The Best Of: In A Lifetime_
- 2005 – _Clannad: Live In Concert, 1996_ [live]

## Websites

- Official Clannad site
- Fan site with videos, galleries and news blog

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Clannad
- **img**: Clannad at Meteor Awards.jpg
- **img capt**: The five original Clannad members together at a rare appearance at the Meteor Ireland Music Awards in Dublin, 1 February 2007 to collect their Lifetime Achievement Award. L-r Noel, Pól, Moya, Ciarán and Pádraig.
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Gweedore, County Donegal, Republic of Ireland, Ireland
- **genre**: Irish traditional music, Irish traditional
Folk music, Folk
Celtic music, Celtic
Pop rock
New Age music, New Age
- **years active**: 1970–present
- **label**: Philips Records (Ireland)
Gael-Linn Records, Gael Linn
RCA Records
- **associated acts**: The Duggans, Brídín Brennan, Enya, Altan (band), Altan, Capercaillie (band), Capercaillie
- **url**: http://www.clannad.ie
- **current members**: Moya Brennan, Máire Ní Bhraonáin
Ciarán Ó Braonáin
Noel Ó Dúgáin
Pádraig Ó Dúgáin
Pól Brennan, Pól Ó Braonáin
- **past members**: Eithne Ní Bhraonáin
Nicole Vaidišová

**Nicole Vaidišová ** (born 23 April 1989 in Nuremberg) is a Czech professional female tennis player.

She became a tennis professional in 2003, and debuted in several ITF tournaments. She measures at  and weighs . She enjoys reading, watching movies, yoga, and bike riding. Her favorite city is New York City. She speaks German, English, Czech, and is learning French.

### Singles

- 2004 Vancouver defeated Laura Granville
- 2004 Tashkent defeated Virginie Razzano
- 2005 Seoul defeated Jelena Jankovic
- 2005 Tokyo defeated Tatiana Golovin
- 2005 Bangkok defeated Nadia Petrova
- 2006 Strasbourg defeated Shuai Peng

### Singles Finalist

- 2005 Istanbul lost to Venus Williams

### Singles

- 2003 Plzen defeated Andrea Hlavackova
- 2004  Columbus defeated Shuai Peng

## Other websites

- Nicole Vaidisova profile on WTA Tour
Tatiana Golovin

**Tatiana Golovin** (born 25 January 1988 in Moscow, Russia) is a professional female tennis player. She moved to Paris, France and earned French citizenship. She won the 2004 French Open mixed-doubles event with Richard Gasquet. She lives in Miami, Florida. She speaks English and French.

### Singles

- 2007 Amelia Island defeated Nadia Petrova

### Singles finalist

- 2004 Birmingham lost to Maria Sharapova
- 2005 Tokyo lost to Nicole Vaidišová
- 2006 Stuttgart lost to Nadia Petrova

### Mixed doubles

- 2004 French Open with Richard Gasquet defeated Cara Black and Wayne Black
Home row

The **home row** is the middle row on a standard computer keyboard. On a QWERTY keyboard, the home row consists of the letters ASDFGHJKL, and the characters ; (the semi-colon) and ' (the apostrophe).
Arzashkun

**Arzashkun** () was a capital city of the Kingdom of Urartu in the 9th century B.C. It is thought that the city was located north of Lake Van in what is now eastern Turkey. The city had two walls and towers. It was protected from attack, by a thick forest. An army could not easily travel through this forest.

The nation of Urartu was at the headwaters of the river Tigris in the 9th century B.C. Shalmaneser III, king of Assyria thought that Urartu was a danger to Assyria. He started an expedition to Urartu in 857. He said that he destroyed the capital, Arzashkun. He also claimed that he traveled as far as Lake Van and left his inscription on Mount Irritia.

It is believed that the name _Arzashkun_ is the Assyrian form of an Armenian name.

## Related pages

- Lake Van
- Ancient Armenia
Kingdom of Urartu

**Kingdom of Urartu** (Assyrian: māt Urarṭu, Babylonian: Urashtu, Hebrew: אֲרָרָט,  Ararat), was an Iron Age kingdom. Territory of the ancient Kingdom of Urartu extended over the modern frontiers of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and the Republic of Armenia. Its center was the Armenian highland between Lake Van, Lake Urmia, and Lake Sevan. During the seventh century, the Urartians collaborated with a combination of Scythians and Cimmerians in their jockeying for power, but by 590, having been weakened in the constant rivalry between Assyrians, Babylonians, Scythians, and Medes, Urartu was swallowed by the Medes.

## Urartu and Armenians

Armenians are the heirs of the Urartians. A. E. Redgate says that the Urartians are the "most easily identifiable" ancestors of the Armenians. Philip D. Curtin defined the Kingdom of Urartu as an Armenian kingdom.

## Maps

|Map|Year|
| --- | --- |
||860–840 BC|
||820–785 BC|
||785–753 BC|
||745–735 BC|
||743 BC|
||735–715 BC|
||713–680 BC|
||680–610 BC|
||610–585 BC|

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Kingdom of Urartu
- **native name**:

- **image map**: File:Urartu 743-en.svg
- **map caption**: Urartu during Sarduri II, 743 BC
- **religion**: Urartian polytheism
- **government type**: Monarchy
- **year end**: 590 BC
- **year start**: 860 BC
- **common languages**: Urartian
Proto-Armenian
- **title leader**: King
- **year leader1**: 858–844
- **leader1**: Arame (first)
- **event end**: Median conquest
- **leader14**: Rusa IV (last)
- **year leader14**: 590–585
Caucasus Mountains

The **Caucasus Mountains** is a mountain range in Eurasia. They are in the Caucasus region between the Black Sea in the west and the Caspian Sea in the east. The Greater Caucasus divide Europe from Asia. The Lesser Caucasus are south of there.

## Related pages

- Languages of the Caucasus

## Infobox (mountain)

- **fetchwikidata**: ALL
- **name**: Caucasus Mountains
- **photo**: Kavkasioni.JPG
- **photo caption**: Aerial view of the Caucasus Mountains
- **highest**: Mount Elbrus
- **elevation m**: 5642
- **listing**: Seven Summits
- **country type**: Countries
- **subdivision2 type**: Continent
- **subdivision2**: Eurasia
- **length km**: 1200
- **width km**: 160
- **map image**: Caucasus topographic map-en.svg
- **map caption**: Topographic map
Hayk

**Hayk** (Armenian:Հայկ, also known as **Haik**),  in Armenian legend, was the founder of the Armenian nation. His story is found mostly in the 5th century historian Moses Khorenatsi's book _History of Armenia_.

## History

According to Moses Khorenatsi, Hayk is the son of Torgom (Togarmah), the son of Gomer, the son of Japheth. Hayk is also called the founder of the Haykazuni dynasty. According to the historian Juansher, Hayk "was prince of the seven brothers and stood in service to the giant Nimrod (Nebrovt') who first ruled the entire world as king."

Hayk is also the name of the constellation Orion in the Armenian Bible (Job 38:31)

According to Moses Khorenatsi, after Hayk the son of Torgom became father to Armeneak while living in Babylon, because the arrogant Titan Bel (who is Nimrod, according to Moses) has made himself king of the world, Hayk moves with his family and 300 others to the land of Ararat, and starts a village called _Haykashen_. On the way, he leaves one area for his grandson, Cadmus. Bel sends one of his sons to give Hayk a message, saying that he must return to Babylon, but Hayk answers that he will not. Then Bel marches against him with a great army, but Cadmus warns Hayk that he is coming. Hayk gathers his own army on the shore of Lake Van and tells them they must either defeat Bel or die trying, so they will not become his slaves.

After that, he finds Bel's army on a mountain. Moses says this mountain is found at Dastakert. Bel himself is seen in front of his army. In the middle of the battle, Hayk kills Bel with a lucky arrow and Bel's army becomes confused and defeated.

According to other writers, this battle was fought at Dyutsaznamart around Julamerk, southeast of Lake Van, in the year 2501 BC. Hayk builds a castle called _Haykaberd_ and the village of Haykashen. He names the country where the battle was fought "Hayk" after himself, and today the name of Armenia is called "Hayastan" and the Armenian people are called "Hay", in their language. Also, in the ancient writings of the Hittites, there was a country called Hayasa in the area.

## Sources

- Vahan Kurkjian, "History of Armenia," Michigan, 1968 http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Asia/Armenia/_Texts/KURARM/8*.html
Mol

**Mol** is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp.

In 2007, 33060 people lived there.

It is at 51° 11 North, 05° 07 East.
Maya (software)

**Autodesk Maya**, commonly shortened to **Maya** (), is a 3D computer graphics program that runs on Microsoft Windows, Mac OS and Linux. It was originally made by Alias Systems Corporation and is now owned by Autodesk, Inc.

It is used to create interactive 3D applications, including video games, animated film, TV series, or visual effects.

## Infobox (software)

- **title**: Autodesk Maya
- **caption**: Screenshot of Maya 8.0
- **developer**: Autodesk
- **author**: Alias Systems Corporation
- **latest release version**: 2024.1
- **programming language**: C++, Maya Embedded Language, MEL, Python (programming language), Python
- **operating system**: Linux
Mac OS
Microsoft Windows
- **platform**: 32-bit application, x86, 64-bit application, x64
- **language**: English, Japanese
- **status**: Active
- **genre**: 3D computer graphics
- **license**: Proprietary software, Proprietary
- **website**: [http://www.autodesk.com/maya www.autodesk.com/maya]
Northern Ireland Assembly

The **Northern Ireland Legislative Assembly** was set up after the Belfast Agreement to allow the people of Northern Ireland to run their own government and pass some laws. The United Kingdom parliament can still abolish the assembly, because Northern Ireland is not an independent country, but a part of the United Kingdom. The assembly comes together in the city of Belfast. The Speaker is Edwin Poots.

The assembly is elected using a form of proportional representation voting. The seats of each party after the 2022 election is shown in this table:

|colspan=2 rowspan=2|Political party|colspan=6|Assembly members||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Sinn Féin|style="text-align: right"|**27**||
||DUP|style="text-align: right"|**25**||
||Alliance|style="text-align: right"|**17**||
||UUP|style="text-align: right"|**9**||
||SDLP|style="text-align: right"|**8**||
||People Before Profit|style="text-align: right"|**1**||
||TUV|style="text-align: right"|**1**||
||Independent unionist|style="text-align: right"|**2**||

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 27
- 90


## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 25
- 90


## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 17
- 90


## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 9
- 90


## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 8
- 90


## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 1
- 90
- **hex**: brown


## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 1
- 90


## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 2
- 90
Northern Ireland Office

The **Northern Ireland Office** (NIO) was set up in 1971.  It is a ministry in the British Government which looks after the affairs of Northern Ireland. It head is the **Secretary of State for Northern Ireland**.

The job of Secretary of State is less important now because the Northern Ireland Assembly and the ministers in the assembly do a lot of the work of the Northern Ireland Office.

The devolution of police and justice in April 2010 transferred many of the NIO's previous responsibilities to the Northern Ireland Assembly and its devolved government, the Northern Ireland Executive. The Department of Justice (Northern Ireland) looks after those matters. This transfer of power resulted in a smaller Northern Ireland Office, similar to the Scotland Office and Wales Office.
Cyprian

**Cyprian** ( ; ;  210 – September 14, 258 AD) was bishop of Carthage. He was an important early Christian writer. Cyprian was a bishop of Carthage of Berber descent, many of whose Latin works are extant. He is recognized as a saint in the Western and Eastern churches. He was probably born at the beginning of the 3rd century in North Africa, perhaps at Carthage. At Carthage, he learned about classical (Paganism). After becoming a Christian, he became a bishop around the year 249. He died a martyr at Carthage.

## Other websites

- Joshua Burns, "Perception and persecution in the Roman Empire: The Edict of Decius"
- Pontius the Deacon (Pontius Diaconis), "The Life and Passion of Cyprian, Bishop and Martyr"
- "The Plague of AD 251"
- Cyprian on the nature of the Church and Papacy by Dom John Chapman
- New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia article on Cyprian
- Works by Cyprian at the IntraText Digital Library, with concordance and frequency lists
- Acta proconsularia S. Cypriani

## Infobox (saint)

- **name**: Saint Cyprian
(Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus)
- **birth date**: 3rd century
- **feast day**: September 16
- **venerated in**: Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, and Lutheran Church
- **image**: stcyprian.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **caption**: Saint Cyprian
- **birth place**: North Africa during the Classical Period, North Africa
- **death place**: Carthage
Flag of Cyprus

The **flag of Cyprus** is the flag of the country of Cyprus. It features a map of the whole island, with two olive branches below the map (a symbol of peace) on a white background. The map on the flag is a copper-yellow color to show Cyprus has large amounts of copper, from which the name Cyprus comes from.

The **Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus**, which is only recognized by Turkey, uses a different flag similar to the flag of Turkey.
Simon Barere

**Simon Barere**  (1 September 1896 – 2 April 1951) was a Russian pianist. He was born in Odesa, Ukraine.

Barere died of a massive bleeding in brain during a performance of Grieg's Piano Concerto at Carnegie Hall with Philadelphia Orchestra.

## Other websites

- Simon Barere's Liszt, Rachmaninoff, Balakirev, Chopin on Remington Records.
Tomsk

**Tomsk** (<small>Russian:</small> _Томск_) is a Russian city, the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast. One of the largest cities in Siberia. Population 575 352 (2019).

## History

Established under a decree from Tsar Boris Godunov in 1604.

In 1804, the government selected Tomsk to become the center for a new governorate which would include the modern cities of Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Altai, Krasnoyarsk and eastern Kazakhstan.

## Education

Tomsk State University is the first university in Siberia (founded in 1878, opened in 1888). The Tomsk State University Library book reserve is considered to be among the richest in Russia.

Tomsk Polytechnic University is the first (founded in 1896 and opened in 1900) technical university in Siberia.

Siberian Medical University is one of the oldest (founded in 1930) and highest rated medical schools in Russia.

## Climate

Continental climate, transitional from subarctic to sharply continental climate.

The annual average temperature is 0.9 °C. Winters are severe and lengthy (from the end of October to the beginning of April), and the lowest recorded temperature was −55 °C in January 1931.
International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam

**International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfroshan-e-Islam (ASI)** () is a Pakistan-based organisation. It was made in 1980 by Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi. Its headquarters are in Kotri, Hyderabad, Sindh and Pakistan.

## Purpose

The purpose of this movement is to invite all man without any discrimination of caste, creed, nation or religion towards the divine love of God.

### Organizational Structure

International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfroshan-e-Islam is divided into two branches one for men only and other is for women only. The ladies wing is led by Mrs. Gulzar. However, the president of men wing is Mr. Wasi Muhammad Qureshi, who was nominated by Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi as President of International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfroshan-e-Islam. Gohar Shahi himself is the Patrorn-in-Chief of International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfroshan-e-Islam.

### Founding Members

In 1980, when Shahi formed the movement it had only five members, who are called founding members. Following are the names of the founding members of International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam:
- Muhammad Arif Memon (Late)
- Wasi Muhammad Qureshi
- Dr. Abdul Qayoom Shaikh(Late)
- Muhammad Anwar Qadri
- Maulana Saeed Ahmed Qadri

## Other websites

- International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam
- Web Portal of Gohar Shahi
- Gohar Shahi web site
- Sarfrosh.org

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam
- **size**: 150px
- **caption**: Logo of International Spiritual Movement Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam
- **formation**: 1980
- **headquarters**: Kotri, Pakistan
- **language**: Urdu
- **leader name**: Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi
- **website**: www.asipak.com
In God We Trust

***In God We Trust*** is one of the national mottos of the United States. The other is E Pluribus Unum. _In God We Trust_ has been put on American money since 1864 when it was added to a two-cent coin. A law passed in 1956 made it a national motto. It is also the motto of Florida.
Apostolic Nunciature

An **Apostolic Nunciature** is the embassy of the Holy See in a foreign country.  The nunciature protects the affairs of the Holy See both in governance over Vatican City and the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, and also liases between the Holy See and the Catholic Church in that country.

The head of nunciature is called a Nuncio. The nuncio is the equivalent of an Ambassador, or a High Commissioner (Ambassador) in Commonwealth countries which represents and serves as the Pope's spokesperson in a particular country, making the nuncio's presence in some Catholic-related events one of the two ways to represent the Holy See to a country and the world, the other being the visit of a Pope himself.

Some countries make the Nuncio _Dean of the Diplomatic Corps_ (head of the group of ambassadors to its country).  This is allowed by the international agreement about diplomats.  Usually the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps is the longest serving ambassador in a country.

A pro-Nuncio was the name used for a Nuncio in countries which did not make a Nuncio Dean of the Diplomatic Corps automatically.  The Holy See stopped using the title in 1991.

An Apostolic Delegate represented the Holy See to the church, but not the government, in another country.
Gag (disambiguation)

**Gag** may mean:
- Gag, a tool which is used to prevent speaking.
- Gag reflex, a normal reflex in human's throat.
Gag reflex

**Gag reflex**, also called _pharyngeal reflex_, is a reflex contraction of the throat in humans that prevents anything to pass through the throat, except during normal swallowing. It is also named as _pharyngeal reflex_.

Touching the soft palate results in a very strong gag reflex in most healthy people. The gag reflex can also be caused by touching the roof of the mouth, or the back part of the tongue. The gag reflex can be used to make someone vomit as well.
Cookie (disambiguation)

A cookie, is a small cake.

**Cookies** could also mean:
- HTTP Cookie, a small amount of information saved on computers by websites.
- _<span dir="rtl" lang="ar">Cookie</span>_, a 1989 comedy movie.
Flame

A **flame** is the visible part of a fire. It gives light and heat. It is the result of an exothermic reaction. The color and temperature of a flame depend on the type of fuel that is used to make the fire. A blue or white flame is often very hot, while a red, orange, or yellow flame is less hot.

## Related pages

- Eternal flame
- Fire
Luna

**Luna** may refer to:
- The Moon, Earth's only natural satellite, known as "Luna" in Latin () and other languages
- Selene, the goddess of the moon in Greek and Roman mythology
- Luna (given name), a common given name
- Luna is the name of earth's moon in the famous "Star Trek" series.
Kaliningrad

**Kaliningrad** (; ; German: ; ; briefly Russified as  _Kyonigsberg_) is a seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea. Kaliningrad is the second-largest city in the Northwestern Federal District, after Saint Petersburg, the third-largest city in the Baltic region and the seventh-largest city on the Baltic Sea. It is the westernmost Oblast of Russia.

It is surrounded by NATO and European Union members Poland and Lithuania and is geographically separated from the main part of Russia itself. Borderless connection is only possible by sea or air.

In 2002, it had a population of 430,003 people. This was more than in 1989, when the last census was done. At that time, the city only had a population of 401,280. About 78% of the people there are Russians, 8% Belarusians, and 7.3% Ukrainians.

Until World War II the people were mostly Germans. Many fled during the war, and the rest were expelled between 1946 and 1949.

It was named **Königsberg** originally. The city had that name from 1254 to 1945.

## History

It was the capital city of the German province of East Prussia, the earlier Duchy of Prussia, and before that of the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights.

The Albertina University opened in 1544.

## Famous people

One of the famous people from Königsberg was the philosopher Immanuel Kant.

## Infobox (russian inhabited locality)

- **en name**: Kaliningrad
- **ru name**: Калининград
- **other name**: Königsberg
- **image skyline**: Kaliningrad Montage (2016).png
- **image caption**: Church of the Holy Family, Kaliningrad, Church of the Holy Family; Königsberg Cathedral; "Fishermen's village" in pseudo-historic style; Brandenburg Gate (Kaliningrad), Brandenburg Gate; King's Gate; Pregolya River
- **pushpin map**: Russia Kaliningrad Oblast#European Russia#Europe
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Kaliningrad within Kaliningrad Oblast##Location of Kaliningrad within Russia##Location of Kaliningrad within Europe
- **image flag**: Flag of Kaliningrad.svg
- **image coa**: Coat of arms of Kaliningrad.svg
- **coa caption**: Coat of arms of Kaliningrad, Coat of arms
- **anthem**: _none_
- **holiday**: 4 July; observed on the first Saturday of July
- **federal subject**: Kaliningrad Oblast
- **adm inhabloc jur**: city of federal subject significance, city of oblast significance of Kaliningrad
- **adm ctr of1**: Kaliningrad Oblast
- **adm ctr of2**: city of oblast significance of Kaliningrad
- **inhabloc cat**: City
- **urban okrug jur**: Kaliningrad Urban Okrug
- **mun admctr of1**: Kaliningrad Urban Okrug
- **leader title**: Head
- **leader name**: Alexey Silanov
- **representative body**: City Council of Deputies of Kaliningrad, City Council of Deputies
- **area km2**: 223.03
- **pop 2010census**: 431402
- **pop 2010census rank**: 40th
- **pop latest**: 475056
- **pop latest date**: January 2018
- **established date**: 1 September 1255
- **postal codes**: 236001 - 236999
- **dialing codes**: 4012
- **website**: http://www.klgd.ru
- **date**: January 2020
Sargon of Akkad

**Sargon of Akkad**, also known as **Sargon the Great**, was the ruler of the Akkadian Empire. He was one of the first people in recorded history to create an empire.

## Identity

Sargon of Akkad may have been the same person as the first Sargon of Assyria (also known as Sharrukin or Sharru-kin). Sargon's empire would probably have included Assyria. He is listed in the Assyrian king list as the son of Ikunum and the founder of a dynasty. He became a prominent member of the royal court of Kish, ultimately overthrowing its king before embarking on the conquest of Mesopotamia.

## The Empire

Sargon's vast empire is known to have extended from Elam to the Mediterranean Sea, including Mesopotamia, parts of modern-day Iran and Syria, and possibly parts of Anatolia and the Arabian peninsula. He ruled from a new capital, Akkad, which the Sumerian king list claims he built on the left bank of the Euphrates. He is sometimes regarded as the first person in recorded history to create a multiethnic, centrally ruled empire, although the Sumerians Lugal-anne-mundu and Lugal-zage-si also have a claim. His dynasty controlled Mesopotamia for around a century and a half.

Sargon allowed the people of the lands he conquered to retain their local rulers and customs. They had to obey him, however, and pay a protection tax known as a tribute. Sargon's policy contributed to the preservation of peace and the loyalty of people throughout his empire.

### Akkadian language

The Akkadian language was made the official language of international discourse. During Sargon's reign, Akkadian was standardized and adapted for use with the cuneiform script, which was previously used for the Sumerian language. A style of calligraphy developed in which text on clay tablets and cylinder seals was arranged amidst scenes of mythology and ritual.
Incubation period

An **incubation period** is the time it takes between the day a person is infected with a pathogen (something that causes a disease, like a virus), and the day that the person starts having symptoms of the disease.  For example, if a person is infected with the common cold, it usually takes about one to three days for the person to start having cold symptoms.  This means that the common cold's incubation period is one to three days.

With some diseases, like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV, the virus that causes AIDS), a person can still give other people HIV during the incubation period.  Even though the person with HIV has no symptoms, the virus is making copies of itself during the incubation period.

## What affects incubation periods

Many different things affect the incubation period for a disease.  These things include:
- How much of the pathogen a person got
- Whether the person was vaccinated against this pathogen, and if they were, which vaccine was used
- How fast the pathogen makes copies of itself once it is in the body
- How strong the person's immune system is

## Examples of incubation periods

Incubation periods are not exactly the same for everyone, because every person is different.  Because of this, an incubation period is always written as a range (for example, "one to three days").

For many conditions, incubation periods are longer in adults than they are in children or infants.

Some diseases have very short incubation periods.  Other diseases have incubation periods of many years.  For example:

|Disease|Incubation Period|
| --- | --- |
|Cholera|0.5 to 4 days|
|Influenza (flu)|1 to 3 days|
|Dengue fever|3 to 14 days|
|Chicken pox|9 to 21 days|
|HIV|2 to 3 weeks to months, or longer|
|Rabies|Usually 1 to 3 months, but can be less than 1 week or more than 1 year|
|Kuru disease|10.3 to 13.2 years (average)|
The New Yorker

***The New Yorker*** is an American magazine that publishes articles, essays, stories, and cartoons about many topics. Though much of the magazine is about New York City, many readers are outside of the city. The magazine is known for its articles about politics, careful fact-checking, its cartoons, and short stories by many notable authors. It was founded by Harold Ross and the first issue was released on February 17, 1925. Though it was formerly a weekly magazine, it now publishes a new issue 47 times a year, with five longer two-week issues. In 2004, it had about 996,000 subscribers (people who paid to receive it).

The magazine has included short stories by J. D. Salinger,  Vladimir Nabokov, John Updike, E. B. White, John Hersey, whose essay _Hiroshima_ filled an entire issue, and Shirley Jackson, whose story _The Lottery_ drew more mail than any other story published in the magazine.

## Other websites

- The New Yorker
Cataplexy

**Cataplexy** is a medical condition where people become limp when they are exposed to spontaneous emotions such as laughter, fright, anger, or sadness. People who have cataplexy will sometimes see that some of their muscles suddenly fail them. Cataplexy  often affects people who have narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder. People with narcolepsy tend to suddenly fall asleep. They cannot control when they fall asleep. Cataplexy is sometimes confused with epilepsy, where a series of flashes or other stimuli cause superficially similar seizures.

The term 'cataplexy' originates from the Greek _kata_, meaning down, and _plexis_, meaning a stroke or seizure.
Brundtland Commission

The **Brundtland Commission** was created  by the United Nations in 1983 to reflect about ways to save the human environment and natural resources and prevent deterioration of economic and social development.

The UN General Assembly thought that environmental problems were global in nature and determined that it was in the common interest of all nations to establish policies for sustainable development.

## Brundtland Report

The Report of the Brundtland Commission was published by Oxford University Press in 1987. The full text of the Brundtland Report  can be downloaded as a copy of the UN General Assembly document A/42/427 - a 25 Mbyte [pdf] file. Also available from Wikisource Brundtland Report.

The report deals with sustainable development and the change of politics needed for achieving that. The definition of this term in the report is quite well known and often cited:

- "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
Mosleh Zamani

**Mosleh Zamani** (also referred as **Moslah Zamani**) was a young Kurdish man from Sanandaj, who was executed for _adultery_ in December 2009 (under Iranian law, every sexual contact outside marriage, even if both people are unmarried, is adulterous).

Mosleh, who was arrested at age of 17 and spend four years in prison, was sentenced to death by hanging.

His case raised strong controversies, because of both nature of his crime and fact he was 17 year old (Iran, because of international obligations, is not permitted to sentence anyone to death for crime he or she had committed under age of 18).

The only person who could have commuted the death sentence is Ayatollah Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi, the head of the judiciary.

## Related pages

- Delara Darabi
- Reza Alinejad

## Other websites

- About Mosleh
Gro Harlem Brundtland

(IPA: ) (born 20 April 1939) is a Norwegian politician, diplomat, and physician. She is an international leader in sustainable development and public health. She is a former Prime Minister of Norway. She was the Director General of the World Health Organization. In 2007, she became a Special Envoy for Climate Change for the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.

## Education

Brundtland has a degree from the University of Oslo. She also has a master's degree from Harvard University.

She was elected a honorary member of the Academia Europaea in 2009.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: <big>**Gro Harlem Brundtland**</big>
- **image**: Gro Harlem Brundtland1 2007 04 20.jpg
- **caption**: Brundtland addressing the Congress of the Norwegian Labour Party, 2007
- **nationality**: Norway, Norwegian
- **order**: Prime Minister of Norway
- **term start**: 4 February 1981
- **term end**: 14 October 1981
9 May 1986 - 16 October 1989
3 November 1990 - 25 October 1996
- **predecessor**: Odvar Nordli
Kåre Willoch
Jan P. Syse
- **successor**: Kåre Willoch
Jan P. Syse
Thorbjørn Jagland
- **birth date**: 20 April 1939
- **birth place**: Oslo, Norway
- **spouse**: Arne Olav Brundtland
- **party**: Norwegian Labour Party
- **order2**: World Health Organization#Directors-General of WHO, Director-General of World Health Organization
- **term start2**: 1998
- **term end2**: 2003
- **predecessor2**: Hiroshi Nakajima
- **successor2**: Lee Jong-Wook
Mia Rose

**Mia Rose** (aka **Miaarose**) is a YouTube artist who sings. She was born on January 26, 1988. She has signed a record deal with NextSelection. Her real name is Maria Antónia Teixeira Rosa. She says she is Portuguese. She is currently recording songs with groups. Rose also works with Prez Wszeborowski, a 17-year-old music composer that has written "You're Pitiful" for Weird Al Yankovic, and also made beats for celebrities like Sean Paul, Busta Rhymes, Silva Sisters, The Millionairs, and The Anarckists.

## Infobox (youtube personality)

- **embed**: yes
- **channel name**: MiaaRose
- **channel display name**: Mia Rose
- **years active**: 2006–present
- **genre**: Music
- **subscribers**: 372 thousand
- **views**: 154.02 million
- **silver button**: y
- **stats update**: 23 July 2020


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mia Rose
- **image**: Mia Rose (Singer).jpg
- **caption**: Mia Rose in 2010
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Maria Antonia Teixeira Rosa
- **birth place**: Wimbledon, London, England
- **occupation**: Singer, musician, student
- **years active**: 2006–present
Hepatitis A

**Hepatitis A** is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus.  Unlike the other common forms of hepatitis (hepatitis B and C), it does not cause chronic (long-term) liver disease.

## How is hepatitis A spread?

When a person has hepatitis A, the virus stays in their feces.  Hepatitis A is usually spread by eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated with infected feces.  For example, hepatitis A can be spread by:
- Using ice that was made from contaminated water
- Eating fruits, vegetables, or other foods that are not cooked, which may have gotten contaminated when a person with hepatitis A prepared them
    - Foods that are not cooked are more likely to spread hepatitis A because cooking food will kill the virus
- Eating shellfish that lived in contaminated water, and were not cooked well enough to kill the virus

Hepatitis A can also be spread by having sex with someone who has hepatitis A.

## Signs and symptoms

- Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
- Abdominal pain
- Fever
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Fatigue
- Anorexia (loss of the desire to eat)

## Treatment and prognosis

There is no medication that can cure hepatitis A. In most cases, the infection resolves on its own. In most cases, symptoms last less than 2 months, although some people are sick for as long as six months.

Unfortunately, a small number of patients develop Fulminant hepatic failure, which is very serious.

## Prevention

A vaccine is available to prevent hepatitis A, and anti-hepatitis A immunoglobulin is also used.