juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Loan shark

A **loan shark** is a person that sells loans with very high interest rates. People go to loan sharks for many reasons. It is often because no one else will lend them money. Loan sharks tend to ask for something beforehand, like someone's passport. Loan sharks are often illegal.

Loan sharks are called what they are because they resemble sharks: aggressive, angry, and greedy. They can do many illegal things to just get repayment, like kidnapping or even killing.
Thomas Mesereau

**Thomas Arthur Mesereau, Jr.** (born July 1, 1950) is an American lawyer. He is best known for defending Michael Jackson in his child molestation trial during 2005. He works with another lawyer called Susan Yu. Mesereau lives in Los Angeles.

## Early life

He was born in New York.

## Career

Mesereau started a free legal clinic in the Morningside United Church of Christ in Los Angeles. He wrote the foreword for Aphrodite Jones' book _Michael Jackson Conspiracy_ (2007).

## Awards

In 2005 the magazine _GQ_ put him on their list of "Men of the Year".
Shmuley Boteach

**Shmuel** "**Shmuley**" **Boteach** (born November 19, 1966 in Los Angeles) is an American Orthodox rabbi, politician and writer. He hosted a reality television series called _Shalom in the Home_ on the TLC network.

## 2012 U.S. Congress run

Boteach ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2012 elections. He received the support of then-House Majority Leader Eric Cantor in April. Boteach won the Republican primary for New Jersey's 9th congressional district seat on June 5, and lost to 8th District Representative Bill Pascrell in the November election, by a margin of 73.6% to 25.4%.

## Personal life

Boteach is married to Debbie Boteach. He became friends with Michael Jackson in the 1990s. He was Jackson's Rabbi for two years.

## Other websites

- Official website
Gloria Allred

**Gloria Rachel Allred**  (born July 3, 1941) is an American civil rights lawyer. She was born to a Jewish family. She is a feminist. Her book _Fight Back and Win: My Thirty-Year Fight Against Injustice and How You Can Win Your Own Battles_ was published in 2007. Her daughter, Lisa Bloom, is also a lawyer.

Allred was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Miami cannibal attack

**The Miami cannibal attack** happened on May 26, 2012. Rudy Eugene assaulted Ronald Poppo, a homeless man on the MacArthur Causeway in Miami, Florida, United States. Eugene bit off most of Poppo's face above his beard. The attack ended when Eugene was shot dead by a police officer. It is not known why the attack happened.
Vesper bat

The **Vesper bat** is a species of bat belonging to the Microchiroptera family. It is the largest and most well-known species belonging to that family. The bats can be found in different parts of all continents except Antarctica. They are thought to have originally come from somewhere in North America.

## Characteristics

The Vesper bat can range from  in length. They have brown or grey colored fur. Like most bats, the Vesper bat relies on echolocation to navigate in flight, and find its prey. This is very useful because they cannot see, and live in caves or other dark, empty, damp areas.
A Time for Choosing

**A Time for Choosing** (also called **The Speech**) was a speech made by Ronald Reagan in 1964 in Los Angeles. It was given during the campaign for the 1964 United States presidential election. He gave the speech on behalf of Republican candidate Barry Goldwater. Soon afterward, Reagan was asked to run for Governor of California.

## Other websites

- Transcript, audio, and video of the broadcast
- Analysis of "The Speech", The History Channel
- An American Life: The Autobiography
Reagan Doctrine

The **Reagan Doctrine** was a document by the United States under the Reagan Administration. It was about being against the global influence of the Soviet Union during the final years of the Cold War. The doctrine lasted for less than a decade, it was the most important document of United States foreign policy from the early 1980s until the end of the Cold War in 1991.
Jack Reagan

**John Edward** "**Jack**" **Reagan** (July 13, 1883 – May 18, 1941) was the father of United States President Ronald Reagan and his older brother Neil "Moon" Reagan. He was married to Nelle Wilson Reagan from 1904 until his death in 1941.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jack Reagan
- **birth name**: John Edward Reagan
- **image**: Jack Reagan.jpg
- **birth place**: Fulton, Illinois
- **death place**: Santa Monica, California
- **resting place**: Calvary Cemetery, East Los Angeles, Calvary Cemetery,
East Los Angeles, California
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **spouse**: Nelle Wilson Reagan, Nelle Wilson
- **children**: Neil Reagan
Ronald Reagan
Neil Reagan

**John Neil Reagan** (September 16, 1908 – December 11, 1996) was an American business executive. He was the manager of a radio station. He was also a senior producer at CBS and senior vice president of McCann Erickson. He was the older brother of Ronald Reagan.

## Other websites

- Harmer, John, _Reagan: Man of Principle_, Cedar Fort, 2002,
- Watson, Robert W., _White House Studies Compendium, Volume 1_, Nova Publishers, 2007,
- Yager, Edward M., _Ronald Reagan's Journey: Democrat to Republican_, Rowman & Littlefield, 2006,

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Neil Reagan
- **image**: Neil Reagan.jpg
- **birth name**: John Neil Reagan
- **birth date**: September 16, 1908
- **birth place**: Tampico, Illinois
- **death date**: December 11, 1996 (aged 88)
- **death place**: Santa Monica, California
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **relations**: Ronald Reagan (younger brother)
- **spouse**: Bess Hoffman
- **parents**: Jack Reagan
and Nelle Wilson Reagan, Nelle Wilson
- **children**: (none)
Nelle Wilson Reagan

**Nelle Clyde Wilson Reagan** (July 24, 1883 – July 25, 1962) was the mother of United States President Ronald Reagan and his older brother Neil "Moon" Reagan.

Nelle was of Scots-English ancestry. She met Jack Reagan in a farming town on the prairie of Illinois. The two were married in Fulton in November 1904. They had two children: Neil and Ronald Reagan. After the birth of her second son, Nelle was told not to have any more children. The Reagan family moved from Tampico to Chicago and many small towns in Illinois. Where they lived depended on where Jack was working.

Nelle died from complications of Alzheimer's disease. She died on July 25, 1962, aged 79. Her son, Ronald, would die of the same disease.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nelle Wilson Reagan
- **image**: Ronald Reagan with his mother Nelle 1950 cropped.jpg
- **image size**: 180px
- **caption**: Nelle Reagan with her son Ronald, 1950
- **birth date**: July 24, 1883
- **birth place**: Fulton, Illinois
- **death date**: July 25, 1962 (aged 79)
- **death place**: Santa Monica, California
- **resting place**: Calvary Cemetery, East Los Angeles, Calvary Cemetery,
East Los Angeles, California
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **spouse**: John "Jack" Reagan
- **children**: Neil Reagan
Ronald Reagan
Martha Coakley

**Martha Mary Coakley** (born July 14, 1953) is the Attorney General of Massachusetts. Before that, she was the District Attorney for Middlesex County, Massachusetts (1999-2007). She is a Democrat. She was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.

In 2010, Coakley was the Democratic nominee for the United States Senate in the special election to replace Ted Kennedy following his death, but lost to Republican Scott Brown.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Martha Coakley
- **image**: Martha Coakley Suffolk Feb2014.jpg
- **caption**: Coakley in 2014
- **office**: 43rd Massachusetts Attorney General, Attorney General of Massachusetts
- **governor**: Deval Patrick
Charlie Baker
- **term start**: January 17, 2007
- **term end**: January 21, 2015
- **predecessor**: Thomas Reilly (Massachusetts politician), Thomas Reilly
- **successor**: Maura Healey
- **office1**: Massachusetts District Attorney for the Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Northern District
- **term start1**: January 3, 1999
- **term end1**: January 17, 2007
- **predecessor1**: Thomas Reilly
- **successor1**: Gerard Leone
- **birth name**: Martha Mary Coakley
- **birth place**: Pittsfield, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Thomas O'Connor
- **education**: Williams College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Boston University (Juris Doctor, JD)
Attorney general

An **attorney general** is the main legal advisor for governments. In some areas, he or she might be also in charge of law enforcement and public prosecutions.

In United Kingdom, attorneys general are called Law Officers of the Crown.
District attorney

In most areas of the United States, a **district attorney** is the elected or appointed official that prosecutes (makes a case against) criminal offenses.

In the United Kingdom, district attorneys are called Crown Prosecutors.
Adolf Dassler

**Adolf** "**Adi**" **Dassler** (3 November 1900 – 6 September 1978) was a German businessman and entrepreneur. He was born in Herzogenaurach. He started the sportswear company Adidas.

## Other websites

- Biographie:Adidas

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Adolf Dassler
- **image**: Adi.dassler Skulptur.jpg
- **caption**: Sculpture by Josef Tabachnyk, bronze, 2006
- **birth place**: Herzogenaurach, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire
- **death place**: Herzogenaurach, West Germany
- **nationality**: Germany, German
- **other names**: Adi
- **known for**: Founder of Adidas
- **occupation**: Entrepreneur
Yegor Ligachyov

**Yegor Kuzmich Ligachev** (, 29 November 1920 – 7 May 2021) was a Soviet politician. He was a high-ranking official in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). He was the Second Secretary of the Party when Mikhail Gorbachev was serving as General Secretary.

Ligachev was born on 29 November 1920 in Dubinkino. It is close to Novosibirsk. He died on 7 May 2021 in Moscow, aged 100.

## More reading

- _Inside Gorbachev's Kremlin: The Memoirs of Yegor Ligachev_. Pantheon Books: 1993 ()
- _Ligachev on Glasnost and Perestroika_. _Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies_, no. 706: 1989.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Yegor Ligachev
- **office**: Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- **1blankname**: General Secretary
- **1namedata**: Mikhail Gorbachev
- **term start**: March 1985
- **term end**: 1990
- **predecessor**: Mikhail Gorbachev
Grigory Romanov
- **successor**: Vladimir Ivashko
- **party**: Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Communist Party of the Russian Federation
- **birth place**: Dubinkino, Russian SFSR
- **death place**: Moscow, Russia
- **nationality**: Soviet people, Soviet and Russian
South African Defence Force

The **South African Defence Force** (**SADF**) was the name of the South African military from 1957 to 1994. It replaced the Union Defence Force (UDF) in 1957. The SADF, in turn, was replaced by the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) in 1994.

The South African Defence Force had four branches: the South African Army, the South African Navy, the South African Air Force, and, the South African Medical Service.

The SADF implemented conscription of  white South Africans. However, black, Indian, and Coloured South Africans could serve in the SADF as volunteers.

Within South Africa, the SADF was used to suppress opposition to apartheid, often directly supporting the South African Police. South African military units were also involved in the Angolan Civil War an the side of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and Angolan rebel leader Jonas Savimbi. The SADF was also deployed during the related South African border and Namibian independence wars.

## Nuclear weapons

South Africa was the only country in Africa to have nuclear weapons, but these weapons were destroyed by the South African government during the transition to democracy. South Africa has not built nuclear weapons since.

## Integration

With the multiracial democracy introduced to South Africa in 1994, the SADF was merged with the defence forces of several formerly "independent" homelands, as well as the ANC's Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), the PAC's Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA), and the self-protection units of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IPA). The new South African military became known as the South African National Defence Force.

## Infobox (national military)

- **country**: South Africa
- **name**: _South African Defence Force_
- **caption**: Official emblem, SADF
- **founded**: 1957
- **disbanded**: 1994
- **branches**: _South African Army_
_South African Navy_
_South African Air Force_
_South African Medical Service_
- **headquarters**: Pretoria, Transvaal (province), Transvaal, South Africa
- **commander-in-chief title**: State President of South Africa, State President
- **commander title**: List of South African military chiefs, Chief of the SADF
- **conscription**: (white males) 17-65 years of age
- **active**: (1986) 82,400
- **amount**: $3,092 billion United States dollar, USD
- **percent gdp**: 4.1
- **domestic suppliers**: Armscor (South Africa), ARMSCOR
- **foreign suppliers**:

- **history**: South African Border War
Namibian War of Independence
Rhodesian Bush War
Angolan Civil War
Mozambican Civil War
Soweto uprising
Bophuthatswana coup d'état of 1994, Bophuthatswana coup d'état
Joanna Lumley

**Joanna Lumley** (born 1 May 1946) is an English former model and actress. She played Charlotte in the movie _Late Bloomers_. She also played Mary Smiling in _Cold Comfort Farm_. She has acted more often on television than in movies. Her best known acting role is Patsy Stone in the BBC sitcom _Absolutely Fabulous._ She has a distinctive and recognisable voice that's often heard on voiceover work.

Lumley was born to British parents in British India. She was raised in Kent, England.
Katarina Čas

**Katarina Čas** (born September 23, 1976) is a Slovenian actress. She played Sophie in the movie _Imagine_ (2014). She played Gabriela in the comedy movie _The Guard_ (2011).

## Early life

Čas was born in the former Republic of Yugoslavia.
Jon Bing

**Jon Bing** (30 April 1944 – 15 January 2014) was a Norwegian writer and law professor. He was a professor at the Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law (NRCCL), and the Faculty of Law at the University of Oslo.

Bing was born on 30 April 1944 in Tønsberg. He died on 15 January 2014, at the age of 69, in Oslo. He died from a stroke.
Dominique McElligott

**Dominique McElligott** (5 October 1986) is an Irish actress. She appears in mostly independent movies. She played Joy Dietz in _Not Fade Away_. She also played Emily in _Dark Floors_.

McElligott was born in Dublin, Ireland.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dominique McElligott
- **image**: Dominique-McElligott.jpg
- **caption**: McElligott in July 2017
- **birth place**: Dublin, Ireland
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2001–present
Ivar Giaever

**Ivar Giaever** (; April 5, 1929 – June 20, 2025) was a Norwegian-American physicist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson. They were awarded it for their discoveries about the tunnelling phenomena in solids. He was a professor at the University of Oslo.

Giaever died on June 20, 2025 at a nursing home in Schenectady, New York at the age of 96.

## Other websites

- Interview with Professor Ivar Giaever, from the Official Nobel Prize Website
- Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
- University of Oslo website about Ivar Giaever
- Applied Biophysics Website
- Family genealogy

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Ivar Giaever
- **birth name**: Ivar Giæver
- **image**: Ivar Giaever.jpg
- **caption**: Giaever in 2005
- **birth place**: Bergen, Vestland, Norway
- **death place**: Schenectady, New York, U.S.
- **known for**: Discovering Quantum tunnelling, tunnelling in superconductors (1960)
- **children**: 4
Duke Cunningham

**Randall Harold** "**Duke**" **Cunningham** (December 8, 1941 – August 27, 2025) was an American Republican politician and Navy aviator during the Vietnam War. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from California between 1991 until his resignation 2005. He represented the  (1991–1993), the  (1993–2003) and the  (2003–2005).

For his services during the Vietnam War, Cunningham was given two Silver Stars and a Purple Heart.

Scandals ended his political career. Duke Cunningham pleaded guilty to tax evasion, conspiracy to commit bribery and other charges. He was then sentenced to prison in Tucson, Arizona. He was released from prison in February 2013. He then moved to New Orleans to spend time inside a halfway house.

Cunningham received a pardon from President Donald Trump on January 13, 2021.

Cunningham was born in Los Angeles, California. He studied at the University of Missouri and at National University.

Cunningham married Susan Albrecht in 1965. They adopted a son together. His wife filed for divorce because of emotional abuse, and the divorce was approved eight months later. Cunningham married his second wife, Nancy Jones, in 1974. They had two daughters and separated in July 2005.

Cunningham died on August 27, 2025 at a hospital in Little Rock, Arkansas at the age of 83.

## Other websites

- The San Diego Union-Tribune's coverage of the Cunningham scandal
- Washington Post Express interview with the authors of "The Wrong Stuff" about Cunningham and Washington's culture of corruption
- PAC donors, Indiv donors, Personal Financial Disclosures, Campaign Disbursements, at PoliticalMoneyLine
- DeLay's prosecutors dig deeper into California
- Profile at SourceWatch
Nguyen Van Nhung

Major **Nguyễn Văn Nhung** (1919 or 1920 – 31 January 1964) was an officer in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. He was also a professional killer.

He joined the French Army in 1944. This was when Vietnam was still ruled by France. During the First Indochina War, he left the French Army and joined Vietnamese National Army, which was supported by France. After the Republic of Vietnam was formed, he became a soldier of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. In November 1963, he killed President Ngo Dinh Diem and his brother.
Jennifer Nettles

**Jennifer Odessa Nettles** (born September 12, 1974) is an American country musician. She is the lead singer of the country group Sugarland. Nettles' first solo album, _That Girl_, was released on January 14, 2014.

Nettles was born in Douglas, Georgia.
Homology (mathematics)

In mathematics, **homology** is a certain procedure to associate a sequence of abelian groups or modules with a mathematical object, such as a topological space or a group. The word homology has the Ancient Greek root _homos_, which means _identical_.

For a topological space, the homology groups are generally much easier to compute than the homotopy groups, and consequently one usually will have an easier time working with homology to help with the classification of spaces.

The original motivation for defining homology groups is the observation that shapes are distinguished by their _holes_. Since a "hole" is defined by something that is "not there", this poses the problem of how to define what a hole is, and how to distinguish between different kinds of holes. Homology is a rigorous mathematical method for defining and categorizing holes in a shape. As it turns out, there are some kinds of holes that homology cannot "see" — in which case homotopy groups may be what is needed.
Sue Ane Langdon

**Sue Ane Langdon** (previously **Sue Lookhoff**; born 8 March 1936) is a retired American actress.

## Career

She began her career with singing and theatre. On the television series _Perry Mason_, she played Rowena Leach. She also acted in lots of movies. Her character was Opal Ann in the 1970 movie _The Cheyenne Social Club_.

Langdon was born in Paterson, New Jersey.

## Other websites

- Sue Ane Langdon photos

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sue Ane Langdon
- **image**: Sue Ane Langdon 1958.JPG
- **caption**: Langdon in 1958
- **birth name**: Sue Lookhoff
- **birth place**: Paterson, New Jersey, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1959–1991
Ellen Corby

**Ellen Hansen Corby** (June 3, 1911 — April 14, 1999) was an American actress. Her most famous role was Grandma Esther Walton in the television drama _The Waltons_. She played that role from 1972 to 1980. She received three Emmy Awards for it.

Corby was born in Racine, Wisconsin. She grew up in Philadelphia. She suffered a stroke in November 1976. She died in 1999 in Los Angeles, California.
Chantico

**Chantico** was the Aztec goddess of both pain and pleasure. She is also the goddess of the family hearth, the home and volcanoes. According to Aztec myths she brings wealth and stability to the home. Chantico protects the home from thieves and losing things. She is sometimes shown wearing a crown of cactus spikes and red snakes. She is the 'Lady of the chili pepper' and is sometimes shown with one or two pods of red chilies.

The meaning of her name is 'in the house', meaning she lives in the house. According to one myth she was changed into a dog and another name for her was **Quaxolotl**.

## Other websites

- _Chantico, Aztec Goddess of Fire_
- _Chantico_
The Unsinkable Molly Brown

***The Unsinkable Molly Brown*** is a musical drama movie from 1964. It is about the title character (originally Margaret Brown) who survived the sinking of the RMS _Titanic_ in 1912. Debbie Reynolds plays Molly Brown.

The movie received good reviews. It received several Academy Award nominations. It was released in the United States in June 1964.
Hermione Baddeley

**Hermione Baddeley** (13 November 1906 – 19 August 1986) was an English character actress. She played Mrs. Worth in _The Happiest Millionaire_ in 1967. Three years before that, she played Ellen in the 1964 musical _Mary Poppins_, which won several Academy Awards. She played Madame Adelaide in _The Aristocats_.

Baddeley was born in Broseley, Shropshire, England. She died at age 79 in Los Angeles after suffering several strokes.
People v. Murray

***People v. Murray*** (***People of the State of California v._ _Conrad Robert Murray***) was the American criminal trial of Michael Jackson's personal physician, Conrad Murray. Murray was charged with the involuntary manslaughter of the pop star for giving him an overdose of propofol. The trial started on September 27, 2011 at Los Angeles County Superior Court. In November 2011, the jury found Murray guilty. Murray was sentenced to four years in jail. In October 2013 Murray was released two years early. This was because of California prison overcrowding, plus good behavior. After Murray was released from jail he was on _60 Minutes_. He said that Jackson killed himself.
3rd century BC

The **3rd century BC** started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC.

## This century

- Pagoda
- Mesopotamia
Dave Lee Travis

**Dave Lee Travis** (born 25 May 1945), also known as **DLT**, is a British radio and television presenter. He was born in Buxton, Derbyshire. He started being a presenter for BBC Radio 1 in 1967. From 1981 to 2001, Travis presented _A Jolly Good Show_.

## Personal life

Travis married his wife Marianne in 1971. He said he has cheated on her "once or twice".

## Sex offence charges

Travis was arrested on 15 November 2012 as part of Operation Yewtree, an investigation into sexual abuse by Jimmy Savile and other people. Travis was on trial for 14 counts of indecent assault and one count of sexual assault. He pleaded not guilty to all charges. Travis told police that if he had known Savile was a paedophile he would have reported him. Travis was cleared of all but two charges on 13 February 2014. He was retried on those two charges and another charge. On 23 September 2014, he was convicted of one count of indecent assault.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dave Lee Travis
- **image**: Dave Lee Travis.jpg
- **caption**: Travis in 2004
- **birth name**: David Patrick Griffin
- **birth place**: Buxton, Derbyshire, England
- **occupation**: Radio and television presenter
Hebron

**Hebron** is a Palestinian city , south off Jerusalem. It is situated in the Judaean Mountains, 930 meters (3,050 feet) above sea level. It is the largest city in the West Bank and the second largest in the Palestinian territories after Gaza. There are about 215,000 people living in Hebron (2016).

Hebron is divided into two parts:- H-1, controlled by the Palestinian Authority and H-2, about 20% of the city is controlled by Israel.

The city is famous as the traditional burial site of the Biblical Patriarchs & Matriarchs. This makes it a very important city in Judaism. It is also a Holy Site of Islam because of it's connections with Abraham. In fact, it was in Hebron that many things took place, such as the anointing of David. On top of that, Hebron is where Judaism originated.

Hebron is important to the economy of the area due to the sale of marble from quarries. It is known for its grapes, figs, limestone, pottery workshops and glassblowing factories. It is also the location of the major dairy-product maker, _al-Junaidi_. The old city of Hebron has narrow, winding streets, flat-roofed stone houses, and old bazaars. The city is home to Hebron University and the Palestine Polytechnic University. It has no cinemas or places of entertainment.

## Other websites

- www.hebron-city.ps
- Hebron Chamber of Commerce
- Israeli Ministry of Foreign affairs
- Photographs of Hebron
- RamallahOnline - Photos of Hebron
- Hebron.com - English
- Collection of Palestinian articles on Hebron published by _"This Week in Palestine"_
- Sephardic Studies 1839 Sephardic census of Ottoman-controlled Hebron.
- _Settlement Encroachments in Hebron Old City_. Photo's/maps of settlements and closed roads. Hebron Rehabilitation Committee, 1 April 2014.
- Settlements on GoogleMaps

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Hebron/Al-Khalil
- **native name**: חֶבְר(וֹ)ן or الخليل
- **native name lang**: ar
he
- **image skyline**: Hebron172.JPG
- **image caption**: Downtown Hebron
- **image flag**: Flag of Palestine.svg
- **image seal**: Seal of Hebron.tif
- **nickname**: City of the Patriarchs and Former Capital of Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), Israel/Judah
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **population total**: 215,452
- **population as of**: 2016
- **population density km2**: auto
- **website**: [http://www.hebron-city.ps/ www.hebron-city.ps]
- **official name**: Hebron/Al-Khalil
- **translit lang2**: 'Al-Khalil': Nabataean
- **translit lang1**: 'Ḥeḇ∙rôn/Ḥeb∙rân': Aramaic
Guy Ourisson

**Guy Henry Ourisson** (March 26, 1926 – November 4, 2006) was a French chemist. He was vice president and later president of the Academy of Sciences.

## Career

In 1952 he got a PhD from Harvard University. In 1954, he got a doctorate in physics from the Sorbonne under the direction of G. Dupont. At the University of Strasbourg, he was appointed as a lecturer in 1955, professor in 1958. He became a retired professor in 1995.

He died, aged 80, in Strasbourg.
Abraham Cressy Morrison

**Abraham Cressy Morrison** (1888-1951) was an American chemist. He was President of the New York Academy of Sciences.

## Personal life

He was known to his close friends as "Cressy". His wife was the former Marguerite Snow of New York. He loved to fish and entertain at their summer home on Deer Isle, south of Bangor, Maine.

## Notable work

Morrison published a book called _Man in a Chemical World: The Service of Chemical Industry_ (New York: Scribner's Sons, 1937). It is a work on science for the general reader. He is better known for his book _Man Does Not Stand Alone_, which was published in 1944. His largest work was _The Baking Powder Controversy_ (New York: American Baking Powder Association, 1904–07). This is a work in two volumes on the history of the baking powder industry in the U.S.

## Other websites

- _A. Cressy Morrison_
Hybrid plasmid

A **hybrid plasmid** is a plasmid that contains an inserted piece of foreign DNA.
Zeatin

**Zeatin** is a plant hormone taken from adenine. It is most commonly found in coconut milk and young corn seeds.

## Uses

Zeatin and multiple other hormones in its family are known to make plants grow faster. The hormone is used to start seed growth in young plants. It is also used in many anti-aging formulae.
Megan Charpentier

**Megan Charpentier** (born May 26, 2001) is an American and Canadian actress. She was born in California. She grew up in Canada.

She appears as young Valerie in the 2011 movie _Red Riding Hood_.

Megan plays a girl named Chrystal, who can hear a cat talk in the movie _Grumpy Cat's Worst Christmas Ever_. The movie was first shown on Lifetime television on November 29, 2014.
Mama (movie)

***Mama*** is a 2013 Spanish supernatural horror movie directed by Andy Muschietti. It is about two young girls abandoned in a forest cabin. The two girls, Victoria and Lilly, have different personality traits from one another. The story begins during the 2008 financial crisis and continues to 2013.

The movie got good reviews from critics. It became successful in the box office.
Russell Johnson

**Russell David Johnson** (November 10, 1924 – January 16, 2014) was an American television and movie actor. He was best known as "The Professor" on the CBS television sitcom _Gilligan's Island_.

Johnson died at his home in Bainbridge Island, Washington on January 16, 2014. He died from kidney failure. He was 89 years old.

## Other websites

- Russell Johnson Interview with the Archive of American Television

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Russell Johnson
- **image**: Russell Johnson Black Saddle 1960.JPG
- **caption**: Russell Johnson at 35 in _Black Saddle_ (1960)
- **birth name**: Russell David Johnson
- **birth place**: Ashley, Pennsylvania, Ashley, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Bainbridge Island, Washington, U.S.
- **death cause**: Renal failure
- **occupation**: Actor
- **known for**: Gilligan's Island as Professor Roy Hinkley
- **yearsactive**: 1950-1997
- **spouse**: Edith Cahoon

Kay Levey

Constance Dane

- **children**: David Johnson
Kim Johnson
Dave Madden

**David Joseph "Dave" Madden** (December 17, 1931 – January 16, 2014) was a Canadian-American actor. He was known for his role as Reuben Kincaid on _The Partridge Family_.

Madden died on January 16, 2014 in Jacksonville, Florida. He died from complications of myelodysplastic syndrome. He was aged 82.

## Other websites

- An Interview with Dave Madden at C'mon Get Happy - Partridge Family Fan Site
- TMZ report on death - TMZ report on his death

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dave Madden
- **image**: Dave Madden 1970s.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Dave Madden as Reuben Kincaid, 1970.
- **birth name**: David Joseph Madden
- **birth place**: Sarnia, Ontario, Canada
- **death place**: Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **spouse**: Nena Arnold
(m. 1975-1985, 2 children)
Sandra Martin
(m. 1998-2014, his death)
- **years active**: 1963–2008
Roger Lloyd-Pack

**Roger Anthony Lloyd-Pack** (8 February 1944 – 16 January 2014) was an English actor. He was best known for his roles as Trigger in the television shows _Only Fools and Horses_, _The Vicar of Dibley_ and _The Old Guys_, and his role in the movie _Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire_.

Lloyd-Pack died from pancreatic cancer on 16 January 2014. He died at his home in Kentish Town in London. He was aged 69.

## Other websites

- BBC biography
- BBC interview about appearing in _Doctor Who_

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Roger Lloyd-Pack
- **birth name**: Roger Anthony Pack
- **birth place**: Islington, London, England
- **death place**: Kentish Town, London, England
- **death cause**: Pancreatic cancer
- **resting place**: Highgate Cemetery
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1965–2013
- **parents**: Charles Lloyd-Pack
Ulrike Pulay
- **children**: Emily Lloyd
Spencer Lloyd-Pack
Hartley Lloyd-Pack
Louis Lloyd-Pack
- **spouse**: Sheila Ball
(m. 1967–1972, divorced)
Jehane Markham
(m. 2000–2014)
William Baumol

**William Jack Baumol** (February 26, 1922 – May 4, 2017) was an American economist. He was a professor of economics at New York University. He was also a retired professor at Princeton University. Baumol has written many books about labor market and other issues that affect the economy.

Baumol died on May 4, 2017 in New York City at the age of 95.

## Other websites

- Baumol home page
- IDEAS/RePEc
- Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive
- The discrimination of blacks has increased the number of jazz composers  - An interview with William Baumol published in the Czech weekly Respekt and daily Blisty in 2003

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: William Baumol
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States
- **death place**: New York City, New York, United States
- **nationality**: United States
- **alma mater**: London School of Economics <small>(Ph.D. 1949)</small>
City College of New York, College of the City of New York <small>(B.Sc. 1942)</small>
Tor Åge Bringsværd

**Tor Åge Bringsværd** (16 November 1939 – 4 August 2025) was an Norwegian author, playwright, editor and translator. He was perhaps best known for his speculative fiction. Together with Jon Bing, he was also considered the first Norwegian author to write science fiction books. He and Bing were partners for a long time.

Bringsværd died on 4 August 2025 from a long-illness in Oslo, Norway at the age of 85.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Tor Åge Bringsværd
- **image**: TorÅgeBringsværd Hølen2006-06-17.JPG
- **caption**: Tor Åge Bringsværd, 2006
- **birth name**: Tor Åge Bringsværd
- **birth place**: Skien, Norway
- **death place**: Oslo, Norway
- **nationality**: Norwegian people, Norwegian
- **occupation**: Author
Nils Christie

**Nils Christie** (February 24, 1928 – May 27, 2015) was a Norwegian sociologist and criminologist. He was a professor of criminology at the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo since 1966. Among his books is _Limits to Pain_. It was printed in Norwegian in 1981, _Pinens begrensning_. It has been translated into eleven languages.

## Related pages

- List of sociologists from Europe

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Nils Christie
- **image**: Nils Christie at Third Annual Death Penalty Symposium 2007.jpg
- **caption**: Nils Christie speaking at Utah Valley State College
- **birth place**: Oslo
- **death place**: Oslo
- **citizenship**: Norwegian
- **fields**: Criminology, Sociology
Fredrik Barth

**Thomas Fredrik Weybye Barth** (22 December 1928 – 24 January 2016) was a Norwegian social anthropologist.  He published several ethnographic books with a clear formalistic view. He was born in Leipzig.

He was a professor in the Department of Anthropology at Boston University. He had previously been a professor at the University of Oslo, the University of Bergen, Emory University and Harvard University. He started the Department of Social Anthropology at the University of Bergen.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

Barth died in Oslo, Norway on 24 January 2016 at the age of 87.

## Other websites

- Los grupos étnicos y sus fronteras. Introducción
- Los Pathanes: su identidad y conservación
- Barth, Fredrik (born 1928) - Entry in the AnthroBase Online Dictionary of Anthropology
- video interview of Fredrik Barth from Alan Macfarlane's FILMS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND OTHER "ANCESTORS"
- "Overview: Sixty Years in Anthropology" by Fredrik Barth
- Bergen Open Research Archive
Clifford Geertz

**Clifford James Geertz** (August 23, 1926 – October 30, 2006) was an American anthropologist. He is known for his strong support for and influence on the practice of symbolic anthropology. He was considered for 30 years one of the most important cultural anthropologists in the United States. He was also a retired professor or _emeritus_ at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, until his death.

## Other websites

- HyperGeertz@WorldCatalogue  An All-Inclusive Documentation of All Works by Clifford Geertz in All Languages
- Interview of Clifford Geertz (video)
- Big Ideas: Clifford Geertz
- Clifford Geertz: A Life of Learning (Charles Homer Haskins Lecture for 1999)
- Clifford Geertz, Cultural Anthropologist, Is Dead at 80
- Obituary at Institute for Advanced Study

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Clifford Geertz
- **birth place**: San Francisco, California
- **death place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **field**: Anthropology
- **work institutions**: University of Chicago
Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey
- **alma mater**: Antioch College (B.A.)
Harvard University (Ph.D.)
- **known for**: Thick description
- **influences**: Talcott Parsons, Gilbert Ryle, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Max Weber, Paul Ricoeur, Alfred Schütz
- **influenced**: Stephen Greenblatt, Quentin Skinner
- **doctoral advisor**: Talcott Parsons
- **doctoral students**: George E. Marcus, Lawrence Rosen (anthropologist), Lawrence Rosen, Sherry Ortner, Paul Rabinow
Division of Throsby

The **Division of Throsby** was an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was named after Charles Throsby (1777–1828), a pioneer and explorer in the areas south of Sydney.

Throsby included Albion Park, Berkeley, Berrima, Blackbutt, Bowral, Cringila, Dapto, Exeter, Fitzroy Falls, Horsley, Kembla Grange, Lake Illawarra, Mittagong, Moss Vale, Oak Flats, Port Kembla, Robertson, Warrawong, Welby, Willow Vale, and parts of Warilla.

## Members

|Image|Member|Party|Term|Notes|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||||Colin Hollis|Labor|1984–2001|Retired|
||||Jennie George|Labor|2001–2010|Retired|
||||Stephen Jones|Labor|2010–2016|Transferred to the Division of Whitlam after Throsby was abolished in 2016|
Jennie George was the first woman to be the President of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) 1996–2000.

## Election results

- 2004 election results
- 2007 election results
- 2010 election results
- 2013 election results

## Other websites

- Division of Throsby, Australian Electoral Commission
- Stephen Jones website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Throsby
- **image**: Division of Throsby 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Throsby (green) in New South Wales
- **created**: 1984
- **abolished**: 2016
- **namesake**: Charles Throsby
- **electors**: 98415
- **electors year**: 2013
- **area**: 1422
- **class**: Provincial
Biker Mice from Mars

***Biker Mice from Mars*** is a cartoon created by _Rick Ungar_ that first aired in 1993 in the United States and lasted for three seasons before it was canceled. It is about three human like mice named Throttle, Modo, and Vinnie. Although there are battles, no blood is shown, no guns are used and many villains are monsters, aliens, and robots.

### Heroes

- **Throttle**
- **Modo**
- **Vinnie**
- **Charlene** "**Charley**" **Davidson**

### Enemies

- **Lawrence Limburger**
- **Dr. Benjamin Boris Zachary Karbunkle**
- **Grease Pit**
- **Fred the Mutant**
- **Lord Camembert**
- **Pit Boss**

### Reappearing characters

- **Napoleon Brie**
- **Rimfire**
- **Carbine**
- **Stoker**

### Super villains

In most episodes Limburger tell Karbunkle to use transporter to bring in one of the very powerful super villains. Each of them have one special ability which is useful for Limburger´s plan in hand.

## Video games

A _Biker Mice from Mars_ video game was released by _Konami_ for the Super Nintendo in 1994. The European version features advertisements for Snickers candy bars.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Action/Adventure
Science fiction
Comedy
- **creator**: Rick Ungar
- **voices**: Rob Paulsen
Dorian Harewood
Ian Ziering
W. Morgan Sheppard
- **composer**: William Anderson
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 3
- **num episodes**: 65
- **runtime**: 30 minutes
- **company**: Brentwood Television Funnies
Marvel Productions (season 1)
New World Animation
Worldwide Sports & Entertainment
Galoob Toys
- **network**: Syndication
Juicy J

**Jordan Michael Houston** (born April 5, 1975), better known by his stage name **Juicy J**, is an American rapper, songwriter and record producer. He is from Memphis, Tennessee. He is a founding member of the Southern hip hop group Three 6 Mafia. They formed in 1991.

## Discography

- _Chronicles of the Juice Man_ (2002)
- _Hustle Till I Die_ (2009)
- _Stay Trippy_ (2013)

## Other websites

- Juicy J at Discogs

## Infobox (person)

- **child**: yes
- **children**: 2


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Juicy J
- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: Juicy J 2014 February.jpg
- **caption**: Houston performing in 2014
- **birth name**: Jordan Michael Houston III
- **birth place**: Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
- **years active**: 1987–present
King L

**Louis Johnson Jr.** (born December 27, 1987), better known by his stage name **King Louie** (or **King L**), is an American rapper. He is from Chicago, Illinois. He is signed to the record label Epic Records. King L collaborated with the likes of 2 Chainz, Chief Keef, Lil Durk, Lil Bibby, and Kanye West.

### Mixtapes

- _#ManUpBandUp_ (2010)
- _The Motion Picture_ (2011)
- _Chiraq Drillinois_ (2011)
- _#ManUpBandUp2_ (2011)
- _Showtime_ (2012)
- _Drilluminati_ (2012)
- _March Madness_ (2013)
- _Jeep Music_ (2013)
- _Drilluminati 2_ (2013)

## Other websites

- King L Official Website
- King L On The Interview Show - Huffington Post
- Studio Footage of King L on Fake Shore Drive

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: King L
- **alias**: King Louie
- **birth name**: Louis Johnson Jr.
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **years active**: 2006–present
- **label**: Epic Records
- **website**: [http://home.kinglmusic.com/ King L Official Website]
That Awkward Moment

***That Awkward Moment*** is a 2014 American romantic comedy movie written by Tom Gormican in his drectorial debut. It stars Zac Efron, Miles Teller, Michael B. Jordan, Imogen Poots, Mackenzie Davis and Jessica Lucas.

## Plot

After Mikey's break-up, Jason and Daniel promise to stay single with him. However, they both end up falling in love and have to avoid facing their promise.

## Cast

- Zac Efron as Jason
- Miles Teller as Daniel
- Michael B. Jordan as Mikey
- Imogen Poots as Ellie
- Mackenzie Davis as Chelsea
- Jessica Lucas as Vera
- Parker Block
- Emily Meade as Christy
- Josh Pais as Fred
- Victor Slezak as Actor
- Kate Simses as Glasses
- Alysia Reiner as Amanda
- Dan Bittner as Preppy Guy
- Demetrice Jackson as Michael
- Evelina Turen as Sophie

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: That Awkward Moment
- **director**: Tom Gormican
- **producer**: Justin Nappi
Andrew O'Connor
Scott Aversano
Kevin Turen
- **writer**: Tom Gormican
- **starring**: Zac Efron
Miles Teller
Michael B. Jordan
Imogen Poots
Mackenzie Davis
Jessica Lucas
- **music**: David Torn
- **cinematography**: Brandon Trost
- **editing**: Shawn Paper
Greg Tillman
- **studio**: Treehouse Pictures
 Aversano Media
 What If It Barks Films
- **distributor**: Focus Features
- **runtime**: 94 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $8 million
- **gross**: $10,129,897
7.92×57mm Mauser

The **7.92×57mm Mauser**, aka **8mm Mauser** round is a German bullet first used in the G98 Mauser rifle. Other German rifles chambered (Size of the bullet the gun can take) in 7.92×57mm include weapons such as the K98, MG34, MG42, FG42, G41, and G43.

A variant (Different style) of the 7.92×57mm, the 7.92×33 mm "8mm Kurz", was created as an intermediate cartridge intended to be used in urban warfare, as the German army learned from fighting in cities, mainly in Russia after Operation Barbarossa. The 8mm Kurz was used in the STG44 assault rifle. This round, weapon, and concept was picked up and expanded on by the Russians after the war, and this led up to the development of the 7.62×39mm cartridge used in the SKS45, AK47 (and variants), and the RPD light machine gun.

After World War II, Germany was split into two countries, West Germany and East Germany, and both countries stopped using 8mm Mauser weapons. This was because the alliances they made required them to use the same ammunition for all their weapons as their allies. West Germany would use NATO weapons, and East Germany would use Warsaw Pact weapons.
Logan Browning

**Logan Laurice Browning** (born June 9, 1989) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She is best known for playing Sasha in the movie _Bratz: The Movie_ (2007) and Brianna in _Meet the Browns_. She currently stars as Jelena Howard on the VH1 series _Hit the Floor_.

## Life and career

Browning joined the cast of _Meet the Browns_ during the second season. She replaced Brianne Gould as the character Brianna Ortiz. She also makes a brief appearance in Prima J's "Rockstar" music video, as well as B5's music video "U Got Me". She also had a recurring role on the Disney XD series _Pair of Kings_.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2007|_Bratz: The Movie_|Sasha|||
|2013|_Breaking at the Edge_|Sara|||
|2014|_Brotherly Love_|Trina|Post-Production||

|Year|Title|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2004–2005|_Summerland_|Carrie|4 episodes||
|2005–2006|_Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide_|Vanessa|5 episodes||
|2009–2011|_Meet the Browns_|Brianna Ortiz|106 episodes||
|2010–2013|_Pair of Kings_|Rebecca Dawson|6 episodes||
|2011|_The Secret Circle_|Sally Matthews|2 episodes||
|2013–present|_Hit the Floor_|Jelena Howard|10 episodes||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Logan Browning
- **image**: Robin Wong Photography Bratz 023.jpg
- **caption**: Browning at MuchMusic for a MuchOnDemand episode, 2007
- **birth name**: Logan Laurice Browning
- **birth place**: Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 2004–present
Olympus Has Fallen

***Olympus Has Fallen*** is an American action movie from 2013. It is about commandos from North Korea holding people hostage in the White House. It stars Gerard Butler, Morgan Freeman, and Aaron Eckhart. It was released in summer of 2013.

A sequel, _London Has Fallen_, was released in March 2016.
José Sulaimán

**José Sulaimán Chagnón** (born May 30, 1931 – January 16, 2014) was a Mexican boxing official. He was the president of the World Boxing Council. He was entered into the International Boxing Hall of Fame on June 10, 2007.

Sulaimán was born in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas. He died in Los Angeles, California.

## Other websites

- Q & A

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: José Sulaimán
- **birth name**: José Sulaimán Chagnón
- **birth place**: Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California
- **occupation**: Boxing official
Arvid Carlsson

**Arvid Carlsson** (25 January 1923 – 29 June 2018) was a Swedish neuropharmacologist. He was best known for his work with the neurotransmitter dopamine and its effects on Parkinson's disease.

He won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1979. He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

For his work on dopamine, Carlsson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000. He won the award alongside Eric Kandel and Paul Greengard.

## Other websites

- Nobel Prize Biography
- The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Arvid Carlsson
- **image**: Arvid_Carlsson_2011a.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **birth place**: Uppsala, Sweden
- **death place**: Gothenburg, Sweden
- **nationality**: Sweden, Swedish
- **alma mater**: Lund University
- **known for**: Dopamine
- **awards**: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2000)