juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Baldwin III of Jerusalem

**Baldwin III** (1130 – 10 February 1163) was the king of Jerusalem from 1143 to 1163. He was the oldest son of Queen Melisende and King Fulk. He became king while still a child. Since he had no children at the time of his death, he was succeeded by his brother Amalric.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Baldwin III
- **succession**: King of Jerusalem
- **image**: Balduin3 big (cropped).jpg
- **reign**: 25 December 1143 – 10 February 1163
- **coronation**: 25 December 1143
- **predecessor**: Fulk of Jerusalem, Fulk and Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem, Melisende
- **successor**: Amalric, King of Jerusalem, Amalric
- **regent**: Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem, Melisende (until 1152)
- **reg-type**: Co-sovereign
- **house**: Counts and dukes of Anjou, Anjou
- **father**: Fulk V of Anjou
- **mother**: Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem
- **birth date**: 1130
- **death place**: Beirut, Kingdom of Jerusalem
- **place of burial**: Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Manuel I Komnenos

**Manuel I Komnenos** (28 November 1118 – 24 September 1180), Latinized as **Comnenus**, also called **Porphyrogenitus** was a Byzantine emperor of the 12th century. Manuel Komnenos was the fourth son of John II Komnenos and Irene of Hungary.

## Other websites

- Manuel coinage

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Manuel I Komnenos
- **full name**: Manuel Komnenos

- **title**: List of Byzantine emperors, Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
- **image**: Manuel I Comnenus.jpg
- **caption**: Manuscript miniature, part of double portrait with Empress Maria, Vatican Library
- **succession**: Byzantine emperor
- **reign**: 8 April 1143 – 24 September 1180
- **predecessor**: John II Komnenos
- **successor**: Alexios II Komnenos
- **spouses**: Bertha of Sulzbach
Maria of Antioch
- **house**: Komnenian dynasty
- **issue**: Maria Komnene (daughter of Manuel I), Maria Komnene
Alexios II Komnenos
- **father**: John II Komnenos
- **mother**: Irene of Hungary
- **birth date**: 28 November 1118
- **religion**: Eastern Orthodox Christian
Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem

**Melisende** ( 1110 – 11 September 1161) was the queen of Jerusalem from 1131 to 1152. She was the first female ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the first woman to hold a public office in the crusader kingdom.

## Other websites

- Letters from and to Queen Melisende
- Melisende, Queen of Melisende on the BBC's _In Our Time_

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Melisende
- **succession**: Queen of Jerusalem
- **image**: Coronation of Melisende.jpg
- **alt**: An enthroned woman being crowned
- **reign**: 1131–1152
- **coronation**: 14 September 1131
- **predecessor**: Baldwin II of Jerusalem, Baldwin II
- **successor**: Baldwin III of Jerusalem, Baldwin III
- **reg-type**: Co-rulers
- **spouse**: Fulk V of Anjou
- **house**: House of Rethel
- **father**: Baldwin II of Jerusalem
- **mother**: Morphia of Melitene
- **birth date**: 1110
- **death date**: 11 September
- **burial place**: Abbey of Saint Mary of the Valley of Jehosaphat
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism
Baldwin II of Jerusalem

**Baldwin II**, also known as **Baldwin of Bourcq**  ( – 21August 1131), was Count of Edessa from 1100 to 1118, and King of Jerusalem from 1118 until his death. He traveled with Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin of Boulogne to the Holy Land during the First Crusade.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Baldwin II
- **image**: Balduin2.jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **succession**: King of Jerusalem
- **reign**: 2 April 1118 – 21 August 1131
- **coronation**: 25 December 1119
- **predecessor**: Baldwin I of Jerusalem, Baldwin I
- **successor**: Fulk, King of Jerusalem, Fulk and Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem, Melisende
- **suc-type**: Successors
- **succession1**: Count of Edessa
- **reign1**: 1100–1118
- **predecessor1**: Baldwin I
- **successor1**: Joscelin I
- **house**: House of Rethel
- **spouse**: Morphia of Melitene
- **father**: Hugh I, Count of Rethel
- **mother**: Melisende of Montlhéry
- **birth place**: Rethel, Kingdom of France
- **death date**: 21 August 1131 (aged )
- **death place**: Jerusalem, Kingdom of Jerusalem
- **place of burial**: Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem
Baldwin I of Jerusalem

**Baldwin I** (1060s – 2 April 1118) was the first count of Edessa from 1098 to 1100 and king of Jerusalem from 1100 to his death in 1118. He was the youngest son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida of Lorraine. He was one of the most successful commanders of the First Crusade.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Baldwin I
- **image**: Baldwin 1 of Jerusalem.jpg
- **caption**: Baldwin's coronation, as illustrated in a 13th-century text (Bibliothèque nationale de France)
- **succession**: King of Jerusalem
- **reign**: 1100–1118
- **coronation**: 25 December 1100
- **successor**: Baldwin II of Jerusalem, Baldwin II
- **predecessor**: Godfrey of Bouillon (as Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre)
- **succession1**: Count of Edessa
- **reign1**: 1098–1100
- **successor1**: Baldwin II of Jerusalem, Baldwin II
- **house**: House of Flanders
- **father**: Eustace II of Boulogne
- **mother**: Ida of Lorraine
- **birth date**: after 1060
- **death place**: Al-Arish, Fatimid Caliphate
- **place of burial**: Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem
Godfrey of Bouillon

**Godfrey of Bouillon** ( 1060 – 18 July 1100) was a well known leader of the First Crusade. He was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1100. At first, he did not want the title of king, but he later agreed to rule as prince (_princeps_) under the title _Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri_, or Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Godfrey of Bouillon
- **image**: Godfroy.jpg
- **caption**: Godfrey of Bouillon, from the _Roman de Godefroy de Bouillon_ by Maître du Roman de Fauvel,  1330
- **succession**: King of Jerusalem, Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre
- **reign**: 22 July 1099 – 18 July 1100
- **successor**: Baldwin I of Jerusalem, Baldwin I (as King of Jerusalem)
- **succession2**: Duke of Lower Lorraine
- **reign2**: 1089–1096
- **predecessor2**: Conrad II of Italy, Conrad
- **successor2**: Henry, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Henry I
- **house**: House of Flanders
- **father**: Eustace II of Boulogne
- **mother**: Ida of Lorraine
- **birth date**: 1060
- **birth place**: Boulogne-sur-Mer, Boulogne, County of Flanders
- **death date**: 18 July
- **death place**: Jerusalem, Kingdom of Jerusalem
- **burial place**: Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism
Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day

***Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day*** is a second story of _The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh_ released on 20 December 1968 in the US and 19 October 1969 in the UK.
Eric Sorensen

**Eric Sorensen** ( ; born March 18, 1976) is an American meteorologist and politician. He has been the U.S. representative from  since 2023. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Sorensen is the first openly gay member of Congress from Illinois.

## Other websites

- Congressman Eric Sorensen official U.S. House website
- Eric Sorensen for Illinois campaign website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Eric Sorensen
- **image**: Sorensen House Photo.jpg
- **state**: Illinois
- **term start**: January 3, 2023
- **predecessor**: Cheri Bustos
- **birth place**: Rockford, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: Northern Illinois University (Bachelor of Science, BS)
Mike Bost

**Michael Joseph Bost** ( ; born December 30, 1960) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He has been the U.S. representative for Illinois's 12th congressional district since 2015. From 1995 to 2015, Bost was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives.

## Other websites

- Congressman Mike Bost official U.S. House website
- Mike Bost for Congress

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mike Bost
- **image**: File:Mike Bost 117th Congress.jpg
- **office**: Chair of the United States House Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House Veterans' Affairs Committee
- **term start**: January 3, 2023
- **predecessor**: Mark Takano
- **office1**: Ranking Member of the United States House Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House Veterans' Affairs Committee
- **term start1**: January 3, 2021
- **term end1**: January 3, 2023
- **predecessor1**: Phil Roe (politician), Phil Roe
- **successor1**: Mark Takano
- **state2**: Illinois
- **term start2**: January 3, 2015
- **predecessor2**: William Enyart
- **state house3**: Illinois
- **district3**: 115th
- **term start3**: January 11, 1995
- **term end3**: January 2, 2015
- **predecessor3**: Gerald Hawkins (politician), Gerald Hawkins
- **successor3**: Terri Bryant
- **birth name**: Michael Joseph Bost
- **birth place**: Murphysboro, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 3
- **branch**: United States Marine Corps
- **rank**: Corporal#United States, Corporal
- **serviceyears**: 1979–1982
Darin LaHood

**Darin McKay LaHood** ( ; born July 5, 1968) is an American attorney and politician. He has been the U.S. representative from Illinois since 2015. He is a member of the Republican Party. LaHood has represented the 16th district since 2023. He represented the 18th district from 2015 to 2023. He was in the Illinois Senate from the 37th legislative district from 2011 to 2015.

His father is Ray LaHood, the 16th United States secretary of transportation and former congressman.

## Other websites

- U.S. Representative Darin LaHood official U.S. House website
- Campaign website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Darin LaHood
- **image**: Darin LaHood official photo.jpg
- **caption**: Official Portrait, 2017
- **office**: Member of the
United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives
from Illinois
- **term start**: September 17, 2015
- **predecessor**: Aaron Schock
- **constituency**: Illinois's 18th congressional district, 18th district (2015–2023)
Illinois's 16th congressional district, 16th district (2023–present)
- **state senate1**: Illinois
- **district1**: 37th
- **term start1**: March 1, 2011
- **term end1**: September 10, 2015
- **predecessor1**: Dale Risinger
- **successor1**: Chuck Weaver
- **birth name**: Darin McKay LaHood
- **birth place**: Peoria, Illinois, Peoria, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 3
- **father**: Ray LaHood
- **education**: Loras College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
John Marshall Law School (Chicago), John Marshall Law School, Chicago (Juris Doctor, JD)
Illinois's 18th congressional district

The **18th congressional district of Illinois** covered central and western Illinois, including all of Jacksonville and Quincy and parts of Bloomington, Peoria, and Springfield. It covered much of the territory represented by Abraham Lincoln during his single term in the House.

It was last represented by Republican Darin LaHood.

After the 2020 U.S. census, the 18th district was eliminated ahead of the 2022 elections.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: Illinois
- **district number**: 18
- **obsolete**: yes
- **created**: 1870
- **eliminated**: 2020
- **years**: 1873–2023
Ólafur Benediktsson

**Ólafur Benediktsson** (born August 3, 1952) is an Icelandic handball player.

He played for Iceland at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. His team finished in 12th place.
Jón Magnússon

**Jón Hjaltalín Magnússon** (born April 2, 1948) is an Icelandic handball player.

He played for Iceland at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. His team finished in 12th place.
Hjalti Einarsson

**Hjalti Einarsson** (born June 23, 1938 –2018) is an Icelandic handball player.

He played for Iceland at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. His team finished in 12th place.
Gunnsteinn Skúlason

**Gunnsteinn Skúlason** (born October 31, 1947) is an Icelandic handball player.

He played for Iceland at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. His team finished in 12th place.
Geir Hallsteinsson

**Geir Hallsteinsson** (born August 7, 1946) is an Icelandic handball player.

He played for Iceland at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. His team finished in 12th place.

At the Munich Olympics, he was also the flag bearer for the Icelandic team.
Eagle Brand

**Eagle Family Foods Group LLC** is an American food company based in Cleveland, Ohio. It is owned by private equity firm Kelso & Company. It was founded in 2015 by Paul Smucker Wagstaff, formerly of The J. M. Smucker Company, after acquiring ownership of the canned milk brands formerly owned by Borden. Its product line includes condensed and evaporated milk, popcorn, french fries, sweet onion sticks, and pasta dishes.
Instant Mom

**Instant Mom** is an American sitcom. It was produced for the NickMom block on the Nick Jr. Channel. It was developed by Howard Michael Gould and stars Tia Mowry as a stepmother of three children alongside her husband. The series aired from September 29, 2013 to December 19, 2015. Set in Philadelphia, Stephanie Phillips is a food blogger and party girl, who has to drastically tone down her lifestyle when she marries Charlie Phillips, an older man with three children. She now has to be a mother to Charlie's teenage daughter, Gabrielle, and his grade school-age sons James and Aaron.
Greg Proops

**Gregory Everett Proops** (born October 3, 1959) is an American actor, stand-up comedian and television host. He is widely known for his work on the British and American versions of Whose Line Is It Anyway?. He also voiced the titular character on the American version of Bob the Builder: Project: Build It in series 10 to 14. He was born in Phoenix, Arizona, and raised in San Carlos, California, a suburb south of San Francisco, attending San Carlos High School. Proops attended the College of San Mateo and spearheaded the comedy duo "Proops & Brakeman".
Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too

***Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too*** is a third story of _The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh_ released on 21 October 1974 in the US and 27 December 1974 in the UK.
Nickelodeon Super Brawl

***Nickelodeon Super Brawl*** is a series of Nickelodeon-themed fighting games. Most of the games are web games made with Adobe Flash or HTML5, with 2 newer games made for consoles and PC.

## Games

- **Jingle Brawl** (later renamed to **Super Brawl**) is the first game in the series and is made with Adobe Flash. It was released on the Nick.com website in 2010
- **Super Brawl 2** is the next game in the series, releasing in December 2010. It is similar to the first game, but has adds a new game mode called "Tag Team" and more characters
- **Super Brawl 3: Good vs Evil** is a game from March 2013.
    - **Super Brawl 3: Just Got Real** is an April fools' version of Super Brawl 3, but with real photos as the characters instead of drawings.

- **Super Hero Brawl 4** is a game from 2015 that features superhero versions of the playable characters.
- **Super Brawl World** is the last web game in the series.
- **Super Brawl Universe** is a mobile game released in 2019. It is no longer available on Apple's App Store or Google Play
- **Nickelodeon All-Star Brawl** is the first game that is available on consoles and PC in the series.
- **Nickelodeon All-Star Brawl 2** is the most recent game, also available on consoles and PC.
War crimes during the Vietnam War

**War crimes during the Vietnam War** included rape, massacres of civilians, bombings of civilian targets, terrorism, torture, and murder of prisoners of war. These crimes were committed by soldiers on both sides of the Vietnam War. Sometimes there was no military reason for these actions.

In addition, soldiers on both sides committed common crimes like theft, arson, and the destruction of property.

## South Vietnamese, Korean and American

South Vietnamese, Korean, and American soldiers committed war crimes during the Vietnam War.

In the 1968 My Lai Massacre, American soldiers murdered hundreds of Vietnamese civilians who had no weapons and were not fighting back.

### Phong Nhất–Phong Nhị massacres

South Korean soldiers massacred hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians in Phong Nhat and Phong Nhi villages on February 12, 1968. Around 280 people were killed. The South Korean government never acknowledged its part in these massacres.

## North Vietnamese and Viet Cong

Notable Viet Cong war crimes include the massacre of over 3,000 unarmed civilians at Huế and the killing of 252 civilians during the Đắk Sơn massacre.

In 1975, around 155,000 refugees fleeing the North Vietnamese Spring Offensive were reported to have been killed or abducted on the road to Tuy Hòa.

PAVN/Viet Cong troops killed 164,000 civilians in democide between 1954-75 in South Vietnam. North Vietnam was known for its abusive treatment of American POWs, most notably in Hỏa Lò Prison (the _Hanoi Hilton_), where torture was done to extract confessions.

## Related pages

- Vietnam War
- North Vietnam and South Vietnam
- Communism
- War crimes by the United States, South Vietnam and Korea during the Vietnam War
The Quitter (1929 film)

***The Quitter*** is a 1929 American drama movie directed by Joseph Henabery. It stars Ben Lyon, Dorothy Revier, Fred Kohler, Henry Otto and Jacqueline Gadsden. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Eye of the Tiger (movie)

***Eye of the Tiger*** is a 1986 American action movie directed by Richard C. Sarafian and starring Gary Busey, Yaphet Kotto, Seymour Cassel, William Smith, Judith Barsi, Kimberlin Brown. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
WrestleMania 38

**WrestleMania 38** was the 38th WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view and livestreaming show made by WWE. It took place on April 2 and 3, 2022, at the AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The event brought together superstars from the company's Raw and SmackDown brands, showcasing some of the most memorable matches and championship showdowns in recent WrestleMania history.

## Background

Following the success of WrestleMania 37, which was also a two-night event, WWE announced in January 2022 that WrestleMania 38 would follow the same format. This marked the third time in history that WrestleMania spanned two nights. AT&T Stadium, home of the Dallas Cowboys, had previously hosted WrestleMania 32 in 2016, and once again became the grand stage for the WWE Universe.

### Night 1

In the main match of the first night, Stone Cold Steve Austin made his long-awaited return to the ring for the first time since WrestleMania XIX in 2003. Kevin Owens invited Austin as a special guest of his talk show "The KO Show". Owens then challenged Austin to a No Holds Barred match, which Austin accepted and won.

Night 1 was also famous for the surprise return of Cody Rhodes to WWE. He was selected by Mr. McMahon to face Seth "Freakin" Rollins and was able to get the victory.

Also on the showy Charlotte Flair kept her SmackDown Women’s Championship against Ronda Rousey in a controversial victory, and YouTube star Logan Paul made his impressive in-ring debut. He teamed with The Miz and defeated Rey and Dominik Mysterio in a tag team match.

### Night 2

The main event of night 2 was a Winner Takes All Championship Unification Match between Universal Champion Roman Reigns and WWE Champion Brock Lesnar. Reigns won the match and became the Undisputed WWE Universal Champion. This historic win was symbolized by Roman Reigns holding both the WWE Championship and Universal Championship belts.

Also on the show, Mr. McMahon had his first match since 2012 and the last match of his career. He defeated Pat McAfee, who beat McMahon's new protegé Austin Theory minutes before. Another celebrity appearance saw Johnny Knoxville defeat Sami Zayn in an Anything Goes match.

## Attendance and reception

WrestleMania 38 drew a combined attendance of over 131,000 fans across both nights. Critics and fans praised the show for its high production value, surprising returns, and strong in-ring performances.

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: WrestleMania 38
- **image**: WrestleMania 38 stage april 2nd 2022.jpg
- **caption**: The WrestleMania 38 stage
- **tagline**: "The Most Stupendous Two-Night WrestleMania in History"
- **promotion**: WWE
- **date**: April 2–3, 2022
- **venue**: AT&T Stadium
- **city**: Arlington, Texas
- **lastevent**: NXT Stand & Deliver (2022)
- **nextevent**: WrestleMania Backlash (2022)
- **event**: WrestleMania
- **lastevent2**: WrestleMania 37
- **nextevent2**: WrestleMania 39
Better Things (TV series)

***Better Things*** is an American television series. It was created by Pamela Adlon and Louis C.K.. The show aired on FX from September 2016 to April 2022. The series stars Pamela Adlon as Sam Fox, a single mother raising three daughters while working as an actress in Los Angeles.

## Plot

_Better Things_ follows Sam Fox, a single mother of three daughters. Each child has their own personality, and Sam tries to balance parenting, acting work, and her personal life. She also cares for her aging mother. The show is known for its honest and sometimes painful, yet humorous look at everyday life. It avoids over-the-top drama and focuses on real human experiences. The tone is direct, emotional, and often quiet.

## Reception

_Better Things_ was praised by critics for its realism and emotional depth. The show mixes humor and serious moments, often within the same scene. Critics said the camera work and direction made the viewer feel close to the main character. Pamela Adlon wrote and directed many episodes herself, which gave the show a consistent tone. Reviewers gave it 84 out of 100 points in some sources.

## Cast

- Pamela Adlon as Sam Fox
- Mikey Madison as Max
- Hannah Alligood as Frankie
- Olivia Edward as Duke
- Celia Imrie as Phyllis
- Diedrich Bader as Rich
- Rebecca Metz as Tressa
- Matthew Glave as Xander
- Kevin Pollak as Marion
- Lucy Davis as Macy
- Henry Thomas, Janina Gavankar, and others

For the full cast list, see: Complete Cast on fernsehserien.tv

## Streaming

The show is available on platforms like Disney+ and MagentaTV in some countries.

## References

- Better Things on fernsehserien.tv

## Infobox (television)

- **show name**: Better Things
- **genre**: Dramedy, Black comedy
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 5
- **num episodes**: 52
- **runtime**: 22–30 minutes
- **network**: FX
- **first aired**: September 8, 2016
- **last aired**: April 25, 2022
- **starring**: Pamela Adlon, Mikey Madison, Hannah Alligood, Olivia Edward, Celia Imrie
- **creator**: Pamela Adlon, Louis C.K.
Richie Stringini

**Christopher Richard Stringini** (born on November 28, 1988) is an American singer. He's best known for being a member of multinational pop boy band US5.

## Early Life and Career

Richie was born in Chicago in 1988 with an American origin and a Canadian root father and a Polish mother and was adopted by Kathleen and Robert Stringini from Wheaton. He has an older brother named Bobby. Richie spent his academy at a school named Acacia Academy in LaGrange. He started his career as a professional model and actor and he appeared in numerous musicals and commercials. His face appeared on the covers of children's books and toy boxes. He also made guest appearances in the series _Lizzie McGuire_ (Which he dated Miranda actress Lalaine) and _My Best Friend_, as well as in the Hollywood film _Rule Number One._

## US5

During spring 2005, he starred at a German TV-show _Big in America_ as a permanent member of boy band US5. The group was quite successful in European countries. Richie enjoyed success with the band by the successful release of their debut hit "Maria" (which hit number one in German charts) and other 10 singles, with the four studio albums too. he was a true and loyal member too, he remained at the band until their disbandment in 2010 with Jay Khan and Izzy Gallegos.

## Post-US5

Richie made a comeback with a single is named "Man Down", which was recorded and released on 2012 in his native USA.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Richie Stringini
- **image**: Richie Stringini, Us5 2008.jpg
- **caption**: Richie performing in Dusseldorf in 2008
- **other names**: Richie
- **birth name**: Christopher Richard Stringini
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **years active**: 2005–present
- **awards**: YAM!
Galle International Stadium

**Galle International Stadium** is an international cricket ground in Galle, Sri Lanka. It opened in 1876, and staged its first Test match in June 1998. The ground has a capacity of 35,000.
R. Premadasa Stadium

The **R. Premadasa Stadium** is an international cricket ground in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It opened as the **Khettarama Stadium** in 1986, and was renamed after Ranasinghe Premadasa in 1994. The ground staged its first Test match in August 1992. It has a capacity of 35,000.
Meidingu

**Meidingu** or **Meedingu** () is a native royal title used by the kings of the Meitei people in Kangleipak (now called Manipur). The title was used before the Sanskritisation of Manipur in the 1700s.

## Etymology

The name **Meidingu** comes from two Meitei words. **Mei** (ꯃꯩ) is a short form of "Meitei", which first meant the people of the Ningthouja dynasty (also called the Mangang clan). **Dingu** (ꯗꯤꯡꯉꯨ) means "ruler" or "great king". So, Meidingu means "King of the Meiteis" or "Main ruler of the Meitei kingdom".

## Usage

The title _Meidingu_ was used by the kings of the Ningthouja dynasty and other small kingdoms in old Manipur. The word can be found in old books, temple writings, and songs. The first known king who used the title was Nongda Lairen Pakhangba, who became king of Kangla and started the rule of the Ningthouja kings.

In the 1700s, during the rule of Pamheiba (also called Gharib Niwaz), Manipur changed its religion to Hinduism. After this, the Meitei kings started using new royal names from Sanskrit like _Maharaja_ instead of _Meidingu_.

## Historical change

Many researchers say that the change from _Meidingu_ to _Maharaja_ was part of a big cultural change in Manipur. This happened when King Pamheiba changed the religion of the kingdom to Vaishnavism, a type of Hinduism.

After that, many local Meitei traditions were replaced with Hindu customs. The kings began to use Hindu names and started adding the word "Singh" to their names. The old title _Meidingu_ slowly stopped being used as the royal court accepted the new culture.

## Related pages

- List of Manipuri kings
- Cheitharol Kumbaba
- Pamheiba
- Sanamahism
- Ningthouja dynasty

## Other websites

- Transformation of Meitei Naming System – RajPub
- Singh Title in the Meitei name – E-Pao

## Infobox (hereditary title)

- **name**: Meidingu
- **image**: "Meidingu" (Modern Meitei name) and "Meitingu" (Ancient Meitei name).png
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: "Meidingu" (Modern Meitei name) and "Meitingu" (Ancient Meitei name)
- **creation**: Before 33 CE
- **first holder**: Nongda Lairen Pakhangba
- **last holder**: Charairongba
- **status**: Replaced by Sanskrit title "Maharaja" in the 18th century
Ivalo

**Ivalo** is a village in Inari, Finland. It's located at the northern parts of Finland. It is located on the Ivalo River 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Lake Inari in the Arctic Circle. It has a population of 3,998 as of 2003 and a small airport, located 11 kilometres (7 mi) southwest from Ivalo. 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Ivalo is a very popular resort named Saariselkä.

At Ivalo, midnight sun lasts from May 23 to July 20 and polar night lasts from December 4 to January 8.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **settlement type**: Village
- **image skyline**: Ivalon lentoasema kesällä.jpg
- **image caption**: Ivalo Airport
- **pushpin map**: Finland
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Finland
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Finland
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Finland, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Lapland (Finland), Lapland
- **subdivision type2**: Municipalities of Finland, Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Inari, Finland, Inari
Singhalese Sports Club Cricket Ground

The **Singhalese Sports Club Cricket Ground** is an international cricket ground in Colombo, Sri Lanka. It opened in 1952, and staged its first Test match in March 1984. The ground has a capacity of 10,000.
Kensington Oval

**Kensington Oval** is an international cricket ground in Bridgetown, Barbados. It opened in 1871, and staged its first Test match in January 1930. The ground has a capacity of 30,549.
Queen's Park Oval

**Queen's Park Oval** is an international cricket ground in Port of Spain, Trinidad & Tobago. It opened in 1896, and staged its first Test match in February 1930. The ground has a capacity of 20,000.
Sabina Park

**Sabina Park** is an international cricket ground in Kingston, Jamaica. It opened in 1895, and staged its first Test match in April 1930. The ground has a capacity of 15,600.
Chronic pain

**Chronic pain** is pain that can happen for longer than 3 months. It is also known as gradual burning pain, electrical pain, throbbing pain, and nauseating pain. This type of pain is different to severe pain, which is pain similar with a cause that can be relieved by treating the cause. Chronic pain can last for years. Persistent pain often serves no apparent useful purpose.

The most common types of chronic pain are back pain, severe headache, migraine, and pain near the face.

Chronic pain can cause multiple psychological and physical effects that sometimes continue until the end of life. Analysis of part of the brain (damage to brain neurons) found that, insomnia and sleep deprivation, metabolic problems, chronic stress, obesity, and heart attack are examples of physical disorders; and depression, and neurocognitive disorders are examples of mental illness.
Bulawayo Athletic Club

**Bulawayo Athletic Club** is an international cricket ground in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. It opened in 1894, and staged its first Test match in November 1992. The ground has a capacity of 12,000.
Telmatobius bolivianus

***Telmatobius bolivianus*** is a frog.  It lives in Bolivia.

## Home

This frog spends almost all its time in the water.  It lives in streams in cloud forests and Yungas forests. People see them on rocks and in the mud at the bottoms of streams.Scientists saw this frog between  2000 and 3100  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen this frog in some protected parks: Parque Nacional y Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Cotapata and Área Natural de Manejo Integrado Nacional Apolobamba.

## Young

The frogs' tadpoles swim in streams.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in very big danger of dying out. Scientists have found the fungus _Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis_ on this frog. _B. dendrobatidis_ causes the fungal disease chytridiomycosis, which has killed many frogs in South America. They think this disease is the biggest reason why so many _T. bolivianus_ frogs died. Human beings also change the places where the frog lived to make farms, to get wood to build with, and to get sand to use. People also put bad chemicals in the water. Scientists say climate change could hurt this frog more in the future.
Harare Sports Club

**Harare Sports Club** is an international cricket ground in Harare, Zimbabwe. It opened in 1900, and staged its first Test match in October 1992. The ground has a capacity of 10,000.
Queens Sports Club

**Queens Sports Club** is an international cricket ground in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. It opened in 1890, and staged its first Test match in October 1994. The ground has a capacity of 12,497.
College Park, Dublin

**College Park** is an international cricket ground in Dublin. It belongs to Trinity College, which is part of the University of Dublin. Its first known use for cricket was in 1868, when Ireland played against the All-England Eleven. College Park staged a Women's Test match in 2000, when Ireland Women defeated Pakistan Women by an innings and 54 runs. The ground has also staged eleven Women's One Day Internationals.
The Village, Malahide

**The Village** is an international cricket ground in Malahide, Ireland. It opened in 1861, and staged its first Test match in May 2018. The ground has a capacity of 11,500.
Stormont (cricket ground)

**Stormont Cricket Ground** is an international cricket venue in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It opened in 1949, and staged its first Test match in July 2024. The ground has a capacity of 6,000.
Jim Shooter

**James Charles Shooter** (September 27, 1951 – June 30, 2025) was an American comics writer, editor, and publisher. He began his career writing for DC Comics. He was later editor-in-chief at Marvel Comics. He later created many comic companies such as Valiant, Defiant, and Broadway.

Shooter died of esophageal cancer on June 30, 2025 at the age of 73.

## Infobox (comics creator)

- **image**: Jim Shooter by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Shooter at the 2017 Phoenix Comicon
- **birth name**: James Charles Shooter
- **birth place**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **write**: y
- **pencil**: y
- **edit**: y
- **publish**: y
- **alias**: Paul Creddick
Luis Pascual Dri

**Luis Pascual Dri**, OFM Cap. (17 April 1927 – 30 June 2025) was an Argentine Catholic priest. He was a member of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He became a cardinal on 30 September 2023 after being promoted by Pope Francis.

Dri died on 30 June 2025 in Buenos Aires, Argentina at the age of 98.

## Other websites

- Biography on the website of the Holy See

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Cardinal
- **honorific prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Luis Pascual Dri
- **honorific suffix**: Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, OFMCap
- **church**: Roman Catholic Church
- **title**: Cardinal-Deacon of Sant'Angelo in Pescheria
- **appointed**: 30 September 2023
- **predecessor**: Elio Sgreccia
- **other post**: Confessor of the
- **ordination**: 29 March 1952
- **ordained by**: Antonio María Barbieri
- **cardinal**: 30 September 2023
- **created cardinal by**: Pope Francis
- **rank**: Cardinal-Deacon
- **birth name**: Luis Pascual Dri
- **birth place**: Federación, Entre Ríos, Federación, Entre Ríos Province, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina


## Infobox (cardinal styles)

- **dipstyle**: His Eminence
- **offstyle**: Your Eminence
- **image**: Coat of arms of Luis Pascual Dri.svg
- **image size**: 150px
Stuart Burrows

**Stuart Burrows**  (7 February 1933 – 29 June 2025) was a Welsh operatic tenor. He had the nickname "King of Mozart" for his focus on Mozart operas. He usually performed at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City from 1971 until 1983.

Burrows was born on 7 February 1933 in Cilfynydd, Wales.

Burrows died on 29 June 2025, at the age of 92, after a short illness.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Stuart Burrows
- **image**: Ffefrynnau Cymraeg A Saesneg Stuart Burrows- Stuart Burrows Sings Welsh And English Favourites, album cover.jpg
- **caption**: Album cover (2009)
- **birth place**: Cilfynydd, near Pontypridd, Wales
- **nationality**: Welsh people, Welsh
- **occupation**: Operatic tenor
Ion Cernea

**Ion Cernea** (21 October 1933 – 1 July 2025) was a Romanian bantamweight wrestler. He won a silver medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics and a bronze medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Cernea died on 1 July 2025 at the age of 91.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **image**: Ion Cernea 1960b.jpg
- **caption**: Cernea at the 1960 Olympics
- **birth place**: Râu Alb, Argeș County, Romania
- **height**: 161 cm
- **sport**: Greco-Roman wrestling
- **club**: Dinamo Bucuresti
- **show-medals**: yes
- **medaltemplates**:
Florence Delay

**Florence Delay** (; 19 March 1941 – 1 July 2025) was a French writer, academic and actress. She was a member of the Académie française, having been elected in 2000. She was also known for playing Joan of Arc in the 1962 Robert Bresson's movie _The Trial of Joan of Arc_.

Delay died in Paris, France on 1 July 2025, at the age of 84.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Florence Delay
- **image**: Florence Delay-FIG 2009 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Delay in 2009
- **birth place**: Paris, German-occupied France, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **education**: Lycée La Fontaine (Paris), Lycée Jean de La Fontaine
Faculté des lettres de Paris
University of Paris
- **years active**: 1960–2025
- **father**: Jean Delay
- **relations**: Claude Delay (sister)
Rinus Israël

**Marinus David _ "**Rinus**" **Israël_' (19 March 1942 – 1 July 2025) was a Dutch professional football player and manager. He was born in Amsterdam. He played for the national team from 1964 until 1974, making 47 appearances.

Israël died on 1 July 2025 at the age of 83.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Rinus Israël
- **image**: Rinus Israël, Bestanddeelnr 932-3667.jpg
- **caption**: Israël in 1982
- **full name**: Marinus David Israël
- **birth place**: Amsterdam, Netherlands
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **youthclubs1**: ASV-DWV, DWV
- **youthclubs2**: AFC DWS, DWS
- **years1**: 1962–1966
- **clubs1**: AFC DWS, DWS
- **caps1**: 88
- **goals1**: 1
- **years2**: 1966–1974
- **clubs2**: Feyenoord
- **caps2**: 219
- **goals2**: 21
- **years3**: 1974–1975
- **clubs3**: SBV Excelsior, Excelsior
- **caps3**: 32
- **goals3**: 2
- **years4**: 1975–1982
- **clubs4**: PEC Zwolle
- **caps4**: 198
- **goals4**: 16
- **totalcaps**: 537
- **totalgoals**: 40
- **nationalyears1**: 1964–1974
- **nationalteam1**: Netherlands national football team, Netherlands
- **nationalcaps1**: 47
- **nationalgoals1**: 3
- **manageryears1**: 1982–1984
- **managerclubs1**: PEC Zwolle (assistant)
- **manageryears2**: 1984–1986
- **managerclubs2**: FC Den Bosch
- **manageryears3**: 1986–1988
- **managerclubs3**: Feyenoord
- **manageryears4**: 1988–1989
- **managerclubs4**: PAOK FC, PAOK
- **manageryears5**: 1989–1990
- **managerclubs5**: FC Den Bosch
- **manageryears6**: 1992–1997
- **managerclubs6**: Netherlands national under-21 football team, Netherlands U21
- **manageryears7**: 1997–1998
- **managerclubs7**: Ghana national football team, Ghana
- **manageryears8**: 1998–1999
- **managerclubs8**: Al-Jazira Club
- **manageryears9**: 1999–2000
- **managerclubs9**: Al-Shabab (UAE), Al-Shabab
- **manageryears10**: 2000–2001
- **managerclubs10**: Al-Wahda FC (Abu Dhabi), Al-Wahda FC
- **manageryears11**: 2001–2003
- **managerclubs11**: ADO Den Haag
- **manageryears12**: 2003–2004
- **managerclubs12**: Al-Wahda FC (Abu Dhabi), Al-Wahda FC
- **manageryears13**: 2010–2012
- **managerclubs13**: VV Young Boys
Combe Incorporated

**Combe Incorporated** is an American personal-care company. It was founded in 1949 by Ivan Combe. Its products are sold in 64 countries on six continents. Ivan Combe primarily promoted the brand names instead of the company name. Combe owns the brands Just for Men, Sea-Bond, Vagisil, and Grecian Formula.

It was the originator of the Clearasil brand in 1950, but sold the rights to it in 1961 to Richardson-Merrell.

In October 2002, Combe acquired J.B. Williams, thereby adding such longtime names as Brylcreem, Aqua Velva and Cepacol to its brand stable.

In January 2011, it sold its cough remedy and skin care business to Reckitt Benckiser, and its foot care business (including Odor-Eaters) to Blistex.
Canisius University

**Canisius University** is a private Jesuit university in Buffalo, New York. It was founded in 1870 by Jesuits from Germany. It is named after St. Peter Canisius. It offers more than a hundred undergraduate majors and minors, and around thirty-four master's and certificate programs. The university has its roots in the Jesuit community that arose from disputed ownership of St. Louis Church in Buffalo in 1851. Rev. Lucas Caveng, a German Jesuit, along with 19 families from St. Louis Church, founded St. Michael's Church on Washington St.
Best Western

**Best Western International, Inc.** owns the Best Western Hotels & Resorts brand, which it licenses to over 4,700 hotels worldwide. The franchise, with its corporate headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona, has more than 2,000 hotels in North America. It was founded by M. K. Guertin in 1946. As of December 2021, Larry Cuculic is the president and CEO of Best Western. As of 2018, it was nonprofit owned by its franchisee members. It began in the years following World War II. At the time, most hotels were either large urban properties or smaller family-owned roadside hotels. In California, a network of independent hotel operators began making referrals of each other to travelers.
Günther Neukirchner

**Günther Neukirchner** (born 2 December 1971 in Grambach, Austria) is a former Austrian football defender. He spent most of his career at SK Sturm Graz. He also played for the Austrian national football team.

## Career

The Styrian has been playing for Graz since 1980. He played in the youth team, then the amateurs, and later in the first team. He became an all-rounder because he wasn't used in his usual position as a striker. Therefore he often switched to other positions. He has played every position in the Bundesliga so far, except goalkeeper.

On 30 August 2006, it was announced on the club's website that Neukirchner was ending his playing career. Neukirchner signed a contract with FC Gratkorn in the second-tier First League. In the summer of 2007 he ended his playing career there after 16 appearances and scoring one goal. With 426 matches, Günther Neukirchner played the second most games for SK Sturm Graz.

## International

Neukirchner made his debut for the Austrian national team on 19 August 1998, in a 2-2 draw against France in Vienna.  His last match was a 1-2 loss versus Switzerland on 15 August 2001. He made a total of 14 international appearances and scored one goal.

## International statistics

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="4"|Austria|1998|1|0|
|1999|5|1|||
|2000|5|0|||
|2001|3|0|||
- _Scores and results list Austrias's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Neukirchner goal._

|scope="col"|No.|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Venue|scope="col"|Opponent|scope="col"|Score|scope="col"|Result|scope="col"|Competition|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|10 March 1999|Espenmoos,    St. Gallen, Switzerland||2-1|4-2|Friendly match||||||||

## Honours

- Austrian Championː1997-98, 1998-99
- Austrian Cupː 1995-96, 1996–97, 1998-99

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Günther Neukirchner
- **image**: Zeltweger Legendenturnier 2018 (174).jpg
- **upright**: 0.9
- **caption**: Günther Neukirchner (2018)
- **birth place**: Grambach, Austria
- **height**: 1.79 m
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **youthyears1**: 1980-1989
- **youthclubs1**: SK Sturm Graz
- **years1**: 1989-2006
- **clubs1**: SK Sturm Graz
- **caps1**: 426
- **goals1**: 29
- **years2**: 2006-2007
- **clubs2**: FC Gratkorn
- **caps2**: 16
- **goals2**: 1
- **totalcaps**: 442
- **totalgoals**: 30
- **nationalyears1**: 1998-2002
- **nationalteam1**: Austria national football team, Austria
- **nationalcaps1**: 14
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
- **manageryears1**: 2009-2017
- **manageryears2**: 2014
- **manageryears3**: 2018
- **manageryears4**: 1965–1966
- **manageryears5**: 1970–1971
- **manageryears6**: 1972
- **manageryears7**: 1972–1977
- **manageryears8**: 1978–1979
- **manageryears9**: 1980–1981
- **managerclubs1**: SK Sturm Graz II, SK Sturm Graz II (assistance coach)
- **managerclubs2**: SK Sturm Graz, SK Sturm Graz (Interim coach)
- **managerclubs3**: SK Sturm Graz, SK Sturm Graz (Interim coach)
Indianapolis Boulevard

**Indianapolis Boulevard**, also known as **Indianapolis Avenue**, is a road in Illinois and Indiana, serving the southeastern suburbs of Chicago. It serves US 12, US 20, US 41, and Indiana State Road 152 (SR 152).

## Route description

The route starts in on a junction on US 30. From the beginning, Indianapolis Boulevard is part of US 41. After an intersection with Ridge Road in Highland, Indianapolis Boulevard crosses the Frank Borman Expressway (Interstate 80/Interstate 94/US 6). US 41 merges onto the expressway, but the road continues as SR 152.

On the East Chicago-Hammond line, US 20 merges onto Indianapolis Boulevard, ending SR 152. After an junction with SR 312, Indianapolis Boulevard meets US 12. US 12 become a part of Indianapolis Boulevard along with US 20. Later on, US 41 rejoins Indianapolis Boulevard, and the route has an interchange with the Indiana Toll Road (I-90) before crossing into Illinois.

After another interchange with I-90, now the Chicago Skyway, all three U.S. Routes and the LMCT turn north towards Ewing Avenue. Indianapolis Boulevard itself ends on Avenue L, with the roadway continuing as 100th Street.

Between the two states, the total length of the route is .

## Infobox (street)

- **name**: Indianapolis Boulevard
- **image**: Indianapolis Blvd in East Chicago.jpg
- **image size**: 200
- **caption**: Indianapolis Boulevard in East Chicago, Indiana
- **length mi**: 16.5
- **direction a**: South
- **terminus a**: in Schererville, Indiana
- **direction b**: Northwest
- **terminus b**: Avenue L/100th Street in Chicago, Illinois
Edgbaston Cricket Ground

**Edgbaston** is an international cricket ground in Birmingham. It opened in 1882, as the home ground of Warwickshire, and staged its first Test match in May 1902. The ground has a seating capacity of 25,000.
Suriya Juangroongruangkit

**Suriya Juangroongruangkit** (born 10 December 1954) is a Thai politician. He has been the Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand and Minister of Transport since April 2024 and September 2023. He is a member of the Pheu Thai Party and was one of the leaders of the Palang Pracharath Party as well as the Thai Rak Thai party.

In July 2025, Juangroongruangkit became the acting Prime Minister of Thailand after Paetongtarn Shinawatra was suspended from office by the Constitutional Court.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Suriya Juangroongruangkit
- **native name lang**: th
- **honorific suffix**: Order of the White Elephant, MPCh Order of the Crown of Thailand, MWM
- **image**: Suriya Juangroongruangkit, 13 January 2023.jpg
- **caption**: Juangroongruangkit in 2023
- **office1**: Acting Prime Minister of Thailand
- **monarch1**: Vajiralongkorn
- **term start1**: 1 July 2025
- **term end1**: 3 July 2025
- **predecessor1**: Paetongtarn Shinawatra
- **successor1**: Phumtham Wechayachai (acting)
- **office2**: Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand
- **primeminister2**: Srettha Thavisin
Paetongtarn Shinawatra
_Himself_ (acting)
Phumtham Wechayachai (acting)
- **term start2**: 27 April 2024
- **office3**: Ministry of Transport (Thailand), Minister of Transport
- **term start3**: 1 September 2023
- **primeminister3**: Srettha Thavisin
_Himself_ (acting)
Phumtham Wechayachai (acting)
- **predecessor3**: Saksayam Chidchob
- **term start4**: 3 October 2002
- **term end4**: 2 August 2005
- **primeminister4**: Thaksin Shinawatra
- **predecessor4**: Wan Muhamad Noor Matha
- **successor4**: Pongsak Ruktapongpisal
- **office5**: Ministry of Industry (Thailand), Minister of Industry
- **primeminister5**: Prayut Chan-o-cha
- **term start5**: 10 July 2019
- **term end5**: 17 March 2023
- **predecessor5**: Uttama Savanayana
- **term start6**: 2 August 2005
- **term end6**: 19 September 2006
- **primeminister6**: Thaksin Shinawatra
- **predecessor6**: Watana Muangsook
- **successor6**: Kosit Panpiemras
- **primeminister7**: Thaksin Shinawatra
- **term start7**: 17 February 2001
- **term end7**: 3 October 2002
- **predecessor7**: Suwat Liptapanlop
- **successor7**: Somsak Thepsuthin
- **office8**: Ministry of Industry (Thailand), Deputy Minister of Industry
- **primeminister8**: Chuan Leekpai
- **term start8**: 5 October 1998
- **term end8**: 29 June 1999
- **office9**: Member of the House of Representatives (Thailand), House of Representatives
- **term start9**: 14 May 2023
- **term end9**: 19 January 2024
- **constituency9**: Party-list
- **birth place**: Bangkok, Thailand
- **nationality**: Thailand, Thai
- **spouse**: Surisa Jungrungreangkit
- **party**: Pheu Thai Party, Pheu Thai (2013–2018; 2023–present)
- **alma mater**: University of California, Berkeley, UC Berkeley
- **profession**: Politician
- **signature**: Suriya Juangroongruangkit signature.svg