juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Prime Minister of East Timor

The **Prime Minister of Timor-Leste** (, ) is the head of government in East Timor. The President is the head of state and appoints the Prime Minister.

## List of prime ministers of East Timor

- Political parties

- Other factions

|rowspan="2"||rowspan="2"|Portrait|rowspan="2" width="180"|Name|rowspan="2"|Election|colspan="2"|Term of office|rowspan="2"|Political party|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Nicolau dos Reis Lobato|—|28 November 1975|7 December 1975|Fretilin|||||||
||António Duarte Carvarino|—|October 1977|February 1979|Fretilin|||||||
||Mari Alkatiri|2001|20 September 2001|20 May 2002|Fretilin|||||||
||Mari Alkatiri|2001|20 May 2002|26 June 2006|Fretilin|||||||
||José Ramos-Horta|rowspan="2"|—|26 June 2006|19 May 2007|Independent||||||
||Estanislau da Silva|19 May 2007|8 August 2007|Fretilin||||||||
||Xanana Gusmão|2007 2012|8 August 2007|16 February 2015|CNRT|||||||
||Rui Maria de Araújo|—|16 February 2015|15 September 2017|Fretilin|||||||
||Mari Alkatiri|2017|15 September 2017|22 June 2018|Fretilin|||||||
||Taur Matan Ruak|2018|22 June 2018|1 July 2023|PLP|||||||
||Armanda Berta dos Santos||29 May 2020|1 July 2023|KHUNTO|||||||
||José Maria dos Reis|—|24 June 2020|1 July 2023|Fretilin|||||||
||Francisco Kalbuadi Lay|rowspan="2"|2023|1 July 2023|Incumbent|CNRT||||||
||Mariano Assanami Lopes|1 July 2023|Incumbent|PD||||||||
||Xanana Gusmão||1 July 2023|Incumbent|CNRT|||||||

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Prime Minister
- **body**: East Timor
- **insignia**: Coat of arms of East Timor.svg
- **insigniasize**: 125px
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of arms of East Timor
- **image**: Xanana 2011 (cropped).jpg
- **incumbent**: Xanana Gusmão
- **incumbentsince**: 1 July 2023
- **style**: His/Her Excellency
- **appointer**: President of East Timor
- **termlength**: 4 years
- **formation**: 28 November 1975
- **inaugural**: Nicolau dos Reis Lobato
Rui Maria de Araújo

**Rui Maria de Araújo** (born 21 May 1964) is an East Timorese politician. He was the Prime Minister of East Timor from 2015 to 2017. He is a member of Fretilin.

He was Minister of Health from 2001 to 2006 and Deputy Prime Minister from 2006 to 2007.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rui Maria de Araújo
- **image**: Prime Minister of Timor Leste, Rui Maria de Araújo.jpg
- **office**: 6th Prime Minister of East Timor
- **president**: Taur Matan Ruak
Francisco Guterres
- **term start**: 16 February 2015
- **term end**: 15 September 2017
- **predecessor**: Xanana Gusmão
- **successor**: Mari Alkatiri
- **birth place**: Mape, Cova Lima, Mape, Portuguese Timor
- **party**: Fretilin
- **alma mater**: Udayana University
University of Otago
Satya Wacana Christian University
Sultan Agung Islamic University
Mari Alkatiri

**Mari bin Amude Alkatiri**, GCIH ( __) (born 26 November 1949) is a Timorese politician. He was Prime Minister of East Timor from May 2002 until his resignation on 26 June 2006 and again from September 2017 until May 2018. He is the Secretary-General of the Fretilin party, as well as President of the Special Administrative Region of Oecusse.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mari Alkatiri
- **image**: Mari Bin Amude Alkatiri 2002.jpg
- **office**: 2nd Prime Minister of East Timor
- **president**: Francisco Guterres
- **term start**: 15 September 2017
- **term end**: 22 June 2018
- **predecessor**: Rui Maria de Araújo
- **successor**: Taur Matan Ruak
- **president1**: Xanana Gusmao
- **term start1**: 20 May 2002
- **term end1**: 26 June 2006
- **predecessor1**: Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (as Prime Minister during the War of Independence)
- **successor1**: José Ramos-Horta
- **birth place**: Dili, Portuguese Timor
- **party**: Fretilin
- **alma mater**: Eduardo Mondlane University
Estanislau da Silva

**Estanislau da Conceição Aleixo Maria da Silva** (born 4 August 1952) is an East Timorese politician. He was a key member of the Fretilin. He was the 4th Prime Minister from May 2007 to August 2007.

He was re-elected to a seat in parliament in the June 2007 parliamentary election as the ninth name on Fretilin's candidate list.

## Infobox (prime minister)

- **name**: Estanislau da Silva
- **office**: 4th Prime Minister of East Timor
- **president**: José Ramos-Horta
- **image**: 2016-02-04 Estanislau da Silva.jpg
- **term start**: 19 May 2007
- **term end**: 8 August 2007
- **predecessor**: José Ramos-Horta
- **successor**: Xanana Gusmão
- **birth place**: Dili, Portuguese Timor
<small>(now East Timor)</small>
- **party**: Fretilin
Baby Saroja

**Saroja Ramamrutham** (Tamil: சரோஜா ராமாமிருதம், 28 January 1931 – 14 October 2019), better known by her screen name **Baby Saroja**, was an Indian actress. She was known for her roles as a child actor in Tamil movies of the late 1930s. She was known as the "Shirley Temple of India" due to her popularity. Her best known roles were _Balayogini_ (1937), _Thyagabhoomi_ (1939) and _Kamadhenu_ (1941).

Saroja died on 14 October 2019 at her Chennai home at the age of 88.
Anke Fuchs

**Anke Fuchs** (5 July 1937 – 14 October 2019) was a German lawyer and politician. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. She was Federal Minister for Youth, Family and Health in 1982 and as Vice President of the Bundestag from 1998 through 2002. From 2003 until 2010, she was the President of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation. Fuchs was born in Hamburg.

Fuchs died on 14 October 2019 Wilhelmshaven, Germany at the age of 82.
Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche

**Khenpo Karma Tharchin Rinpoche** (3 April 1924 – 6 October 2019), widely known **Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche**, was a senior lama of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. He was abbot of Karma Triyana Dharmachakra (KTD) Monastery in Woodstock, New York from 1976 until his death in 2019. He was born in Kham, Tibet.

Rinpoche died at his home in Woodstock on 6 October 2019 at the age of 95.

## Other websites

- KTD web site: Biography of Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche
- Snow Lion Publications: Biography of Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche
Louis Frey Jr.

**Louis Frey Jr.** (January 11, 1934 – October 14, 2019) was an American politician and radio personality. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1969 until 1979. He represented Florida's 5th district from 1969 to 1973 and the 9th district from 1973 to 1979. He ran unsuccessfully in 1978 for the Republican nomination for governor.

Frey died under hospice care in Winter Park, Florida from dementia-related problems on October 14, 2019 at the age of 85.

## Infobox (congressman)

- **name**: Louis Frey Jr.
- **image**: Louis Frey.jpg
- **birth place**: Rutherford, New Jersey
- **death place**: Winter Park, Florida
- **office1**: Member of the
United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives
from Florida
- **term start1**: January 3, 1969
- **term end1**: January 3, 1979
- **constituency1**: Florida's 5th congressional district, 5th district (1969–1973)
Florida's 9th congressional district, 9th district (1973–1979)
- **preceded1**: Edward Gurney
- **succeeded1**: Bill Nelson
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Marcia Frey
- **occupation**: Lawyer, Attorney
- **alma mater**: Colgate University (Bachelor of Arts, B.A.)
University of Michigan Law School (Juris Doctor, J.D.)
- **residence**: Winter Park, Florida, Winter Park, Florida
Rutherford, New Jersey

**Rutherford** is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the borough's population was 18,834.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Rutherford, New Jersey
- **settlement type**: Borough (New Jersey), Borough
- **nickname**: "Borough of Trees",
"First Borough of Bergen County"
- **image skyline**: Rutherford, New Jersey (2010).jpg
- **imagesize**: 250x200px
- **image caption**: The ‘Welcome to Rutherford’ sign
- **image map**: Bergen County New Jersey Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Rutherford Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Rutherford in Bergen County, New Jersey, Bergen County highlighted in red (left). Inset map: Location of Bergen County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (right).
- **image map1**: Census_Bureau_map_of_Rutherford,_New_Jersey.png
- **mapsize1**: 250x200px
- **map caption1**: Census Bureau map of Rutherford, New Jersey
- **pushpin map**: USA New Jersey Bergen County#USA New Jersey#USA
- **pushpin label**: Rutherford
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Bergen County, New Jersey, Bergen County##Location in New Jersey##Location in the United States
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New Jersey, County
- **subdivision name2**: Bergen County, New Jersey, Bergen
- **government type**: Borough (New Jersey), Borough
- **governing body**: Mayor and Council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: City manager, Administrator
- **leader title2**: Municipal clerk
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: September 21, 1881
- **named for**: John Rutherfurd
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 7.49
- **area land km2**: 7.20
- **area water km2**: 0.29
- **area total sq mi**: 2.89
- **area land sq mi**: 2.78
- **area water sq mi**: 0.11
- **area water percent**: 3.88
- **area rank**: 342nd of 565 in state
29th of 70 in county
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 18834
- **population rank**: 146th of 565 in state
16th of 70 in county
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: 6772.4
- **population density rank**: 72nd of 565 in state
22nd of 70 in county
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −05:00
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, Eastern (EDT)
- **utc offset dst**: −04:00
- **elevation ft**: 66
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 07070
- **area code**: Area codes 201 and 551, 201
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 3400365280
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0885383
Don Fuqua

**John Donald Fuqua** (born August 20, 1933) is an American Democratic politician. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Florida's 9th district from 1963 through 1967 and 2nd district from 1967 through 1987.
Bill Gunter

**William Dawson "Bill" Gunter Jr.** (July 16, 1934 – April 8, 2024) was an American politician. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. Gunter was a member of the Democratic Party. Gunter represented Florida in the United States House of Representatives from the 5th district from 1973 through 1975.

From 1976 through 1989, Gunter was Treasurer, Insurance Commissioner, and Fire Marshal of Florida. He unsuccessfully ran for the Democratic rally for the United States Senate three times, all were failed candidacies.

Gunter died on April 8, 2024, at his home in Tallahassee, Florida at the age of 89.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bill Gunter
- **image**: Bill Gunter.jpg
- **office**: 21st Treasurer, Insurance Commissioner, and Fire Marshal of Florida
- **term start**: November 9, 1976
- **term end**: January 3, 1989
- **governor**: Reubin Askew
Bob Graham
Wayne Mixson
Bob Martinez
- **predecessor**: Philip F. Ashler
- **successor**: Tom Gallagher
- **state1**: Florida
- **term start1**: January 3, 1973
- **term end1**: January 3, 1975
- **predecessor1**: _New Constituency_ (Redistricting)
- **successor1**: Richard Kelly (Florida politician), Richard Kelly
- **state senate2**: Florida
- **district2**: 18th
- **term start2**: November 8, 1966
- **term end2**: November 7, 1972
- **predecessor2**: John E. Mathews Jr.
- **successor2**: John T. Ware
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **birth name**: William Dawson Gunter Jr.
- **birth place**: Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.
- **death place**: Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.
- **alma mater**: University of Florida (Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, BSA)
Bohdan Butenko

**Bohdan Butenko** (8 February 1931 – 14 October 2019) was a Polish cartoonist, illustrator, comic book writer and artist, as well as puppet designer. He was born in Bydgoszcz, Poland.

His known works include the comic series _Kwapiszon_, _Gapiszon_ cartoons, as well as _Gucio i Cezar_ comics (written by Krystyna Boglar). He published his cartoons in numerous children's magazines, such as _Płomyk_, _Płomyczek_, _Miś_, _Świerszczyk_, as well as the magazines _Szpilki_ and _Przekrój_, and illustrated many  children's books.

Butenko died in Warsaw on 14 October 2019 at the age of 88.

## Infobox (comics creator)

- **name**: Bohdan Butenko
- **image**: Bohdan_Butenko2.jpg
- **birth name**: Bohdan Butenko
- **birth place**: Bydgoszcz, Poland
- **nationality**: Polish
- **cartoonist**: y
- **writer**: y
- **penciller**: y
- **artist**: y
- **inker**: y
- **letterer**: y
- **colorist**: y
- **notable works**: _Gapiszon_, _Kwapiszon_, _Gucio i Cezar_
- **website**: http://www.butenko.pl/
- **sortkey**: Butenko, Bohdan
Richard Huckle

**Richard William Huckle** (14 May 1986 – 13 October 2019) was a convicted British serial sex offender. He was arrested by Britain's National Crime Agency and convicted of 71 counts of serious sexual assaults against children while posing as a teacher, photographer and devout Christian in Malaysia. He was born in Ashford, Kent.

Huckle was seen as one of Britain's worst ever paedophiles, despite being only 28 years old at the time of his arrest. On 6 June 2016, he was given 22 life sentences with a minimum prison term of 25 years before being eligible to apply for parole.

On 13 October 2019, Huckle was stabbed to death in his cell at HMP Full Sutton in East Riding of Yorkshire at the age of 33.
Charles Jencks

**Charles Alexander Jencks** (21 June 1939 – 13 October 2019) was an American cultural theorist, landscape designer and architectural historian. He was the co-founder of the Maggie’s Cancer Care Centres. He published over thirty books and became famous in the 1980s as theorist of Postmodernism. His works include _Garden of Cosmic Speculation_ and earthworks at Jupiter Artland outside Edinburgh. His continuing project _Crawick Multiverse_, commissioned by the Duke of Buccleuch, opened in 2015 near Sanquhar.

Jencks was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He died at the age of 80 on 13 October 2019 in London of cancer.
Adolfo Mexiac

**Adolfo Mexiac** (August 7, 1927 – October 13, 2019) was a Mexican graphic artist. He was known for his politically and socially themed work, especially with the Taller de Gráfica Popular. He also painted several murals, the most important of which deals with the history of human law at the University of Colima.

In 2011, a “national homage” was held for the artist at the Museo de la Estampa in Mexico City. He was born in Cuto de la Esperanza, Michoacán.

Mexiac died on October 13, 2019 in Mexico City at the age of 92.
Bergamot essential oil

**Bergamot essential oil** is an essential oil produced by cells inside the rind (peel) of a bergamot orange fruit.

The oil is a common  scent in perfumes. It is used in Earl Grey tea blends as flavoring. The scent of bergamot essential oil is similar to a sweet light orange peel oil with a floral note.
Iranian toman

The **Iranian toman** (; from Mongolian _tomen_ 'unit of ten thousand'), is the superunit of the official currency used in Iran, the rial. One toman is equal to ten rials. Even though the rial is the official currency, Iranians use the toman daily.

In the beginning, the toman consisted of 10,000 dinars. Between 1798 and 1825, the toman was split into eight rials, each of 1,250 dinars. In 1825, the qiran was introduced. The qiran was worth 1,000 dinars or one-tenth of a toman.

## Infobox (currency)

- **currency name in local**: Toman
- **image 1**: Iran AH1314 (c.1896) 10 Toman.jpg
- **image title 1**: 10-toman gold coin, Hijri year, AH 1314 (), representing Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, Mozaffar ad-Din, shah of the Qajar dynasty
- **issuing authority**: Iran
- **inflation source date**: _[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.html The World Factbook]_, 2010 est.
- **subunit name 1**: Dinar (former)
- **subunit name 2**: Deman
- **frequently used coins**: , , 1, 2, 5, 10, and 25
- **frequently used banknotes**: 1,000; 2,000; 5,000; 10,000; 50,000; and 100,000
Vasim Mammadaliyev

**Vasim Mammadaliyev** (; August 27, 1942 – October 13, 2019) was an Azerbaijani scientist of oriental studies. He was the dean of theology faculty at Baku State University, chairman of a cathedra of Arabic philology and full member of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.

## Other websites

- Al-Quran  Project includes Vasim Mammadaliyev and Ziya Bunyadov Azerbaijani Quran translation.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Vasim Mammadaliyev
- **image**: Vasim Məmmədəliyev.JPG
- **birth place**: Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, USSR
- **death place**: Baku, Azerbaijan
- **field**: Oriental studies
- **work institution**: Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR
- **awards**: Sheref Order
Information economics

**Information economics** is a branch of economics that studies how information and information systems affect an economy.

Information is not like normal physical products. It influences many decisions but it is  hard to trust. It is easy to create and to spread but hard to control.
Ángel Pérez García

**Ángel Pérez García** (16 October 1957 – 17 October 2019) was a Spanish footballer. He was born in Madrid. He played as a defender, and was a manager. García played for Real Madrid from 1980 through 1982. From 1985 through 1991, he played for Real Murcia.

García died on 17 October 2019 in Madrid of cancer, a day after his 62nd birthday.
Bob Kingsley

**Robert Gibson "Bob" Kingsley** (March 19, 1939 – October 17, 2019) was an American country music radio personality. He was host of the nationally syndicated programs _American Country Countdown_ (ACC) from 1978 to 2005 and _Bob Kingsley's Country Top 40_ from 2006 until his death. In 2010, Kingsley was nominated and added for the National Radio Hall of Fame.

On October 9, 2019, Kingsley was diagnosed with bladder cancer. He died from the disease at his home in Weatherford, Texas a week later on October 17 at the age of 80.
Baldwin Street

**Baldwin Street**, in Dunedin, New Zealand was the steepest street in the world. In 1987, _Guinness World Records_ said it was the steepest. It is in the suburb of North East Valley. It is  northeast of Dunedin's central business district.

On 16 July 2019, Ffordd Pen Llech in Wales, became the world's steepest street. Baldwin Street's gradient is 35%, and Ffordd Pen Llech's gradient is 37.45%.

## Other websites

- Baldwin Street  (Deutsch)
- Map of Baldwin Street (from Wises Maps)
- Baldwin Street in Google Street View

## Infobox (street)

- **name**: Baldwin Street
- **image**: Baldwinstreet.jpg
- **caption**: A house on Baldwin Street
- **namesake**: William Baldwin (New Zealand politician), William Baldwin
- **postal code**: 9010
- **length m**: 350
- **location**: North East Valley, Dunedin, New Zealand
- **direction a**: North
- **terminus a**: North Road
- **direction b**: South
- **terminus b**: Buchanan Street
- **known for**: World's steepest residential street until 2019
George Meredith

**George Meredith** (12 February 1828  18 May 1909) was a Victorian poet and novelist who wrote about Women’s rights and was known for his theories about comedy.
Minor character

A **minor character** is a fictional character in a book, movie or television series who either does not appear very often or is not very important. The story can continue without the minor characters.
Designer bag

**ita bags** or "**It bags**" began mostly after the Second World War. They became popular and more common in the 1990s. The idea was led by the famous fashion houses, such as Hermès, Chanel, and Louis Vuitton. Their popularity was fuelled by more women having surplus money, and being competitive. Like expensive perfumes, designer bags provide a way for fashion houses to increase income by expanding their range of products. They have become an influential part of the fashion culture.

By 2008 the popularity of the "It bag" was reported to be in decline. In May 2011, although there would always be customers for expensive status bags, Celia Walden reported that the concept of the must-have "It bag" was no longer in fashion.

## Other sources

- The Tassen Museum   is a museum of bags in Amsterdam.
Graham Douglas Caie

**Graham Douglas Caie**  is an emeritus Scottish scholar, who is vice president of ALLEA, the European Federation of Academies of Sciences and Humanities. In 2015, Graham Caie was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his services to Education and Research in Britain and Europe.

## Education and career

Graham Caie was born and raised in Aberdeen, Scotland and attended the Aberdeen Grammar School. He completed his MA (hons) in English at the  Aberdeen University in 1968, then obtained the degrees of MA (research) and PhD at McMaster University, Canada.

In 1972, Graham was appointed lecturer at the University of Copenhagen, where he co-founded the Centre for Medieval Studies at Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen. In 1990, he was appointed to the Chair of English Language at Glasgow University. In 2004, he was elected as a Vice President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.He was Clerk of Senate and Vice Principal at the University of Glasgow from 2008-12 and retired from the University of Glasgow in 2012. In 2014, he became a member of the British Council’s Advisory Committee for Scotland. He has been a member of Court of Queen Margaret University and is at present an Independent Governor of the Glasgow School of Art.

## Fellowships and honors

- Founding Fellow of the English Association, University of Leicester
- Research Fellow, University of Glasgow
- Professorial Research Fellow, University of Glasgow
- Commander of the British Empire (CBE), 2015.
- Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE), 2004

## Publications

- The Judgment Day Theme in Old English Poetry, 1976
- The Merchant's Tale: Notes, 1982
- Beowulf (York Notes), 1984
- Geoffrey Chaucer's Merchant's Tale, 1991
- The Flouer O Makarheid, 2003
- Medieval Texts in Context, 2008
- Transitional states : change, tradition, and memory in medieval literature and culture, 2018

## Other websites

- The Royal Society of Edinburgh

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Graham Douglas Caie
- **birth date**: February 3, 1945
- **birth place**: Aberdeen, Scotland
- **citizenship**: Scottish
- **alma mater**: Aberdeen University
McMaster University, Canada.
- **occupation**: Scholar, author
- **years active**: 1968–present
- **awards**: Commander of the British Empire (CBE), 2015
Trump–Ukraine scandal

The **Trump–Ukraine scandal** was a political scandal in the United States.

In October 2019, a whistleblower anonymously complained that U.S. President Donald Trump, his lawyer Rudy Giuliani, and other important Trump administration members had made phone calls with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky, asking him to have the Ukrainian government investigate Joe Biden, who was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic primaries at the time; as well as his son Hunter Biden in exchange for bringing back U.S. military aid to Ukraine which was earlier stopped by Trump. The complaint raised concerns that Trump was asking for other countries to interfere in the 2020 presidential election.

The controversy led to an impeachment inquiry against Trump. Because of the scandal, Trump was formally impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives on December 18, 2019. However, the Senate voted to clear Trump of charges.
Ed Beck

**Edward Paul Beck** (June 28, 1936 – October 16, 2019) was an American college basketball player. He was best known as the starting center and team captain of the "Fiddlin' Five," the University of Kentucky's 1958 NCAA championship team.

Beck finished his college career with 459 points scored (5.6 per game) and 783 rebounds (10.0 per game) in 78 total games.

Beck died on October 16, 2019 in Phoenix, Arizona at the age of 83.

## Other websites

- BigBlueHistory.net profile
Ding Shisun

**Ding Shisun** (; September 5, 1927 – October 12, 2019) was a Chinese mathematician, academic administrator, and politician. He was President of Peking University during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. He was forced to resign afterwards. He later was Chairman of the China Democratic League from 1996 to 2005 and Vice Chairperson of the National People's Congress. He was born in Shanghai. He attended Utopia University in Shanghai from 1944 to 1947.

Ding died on October 12, 2019 in Beijing, aged 92.
Emilio Nicolas Sr.

**Emilio Nicolas Sr.** (27 October 1930 – 12 October 2019) was a Mexican-American businessman. He worked with helping to create one of the earliest Spanish-language television stations in the United States. Nicolas created KWEX-TV in San Antonio, which became the cornerstone of the network that would later become Univision.

Nicolas Sr. died at his San Antonio, Texas home on 12 October 2019 from problems caused by progressive supranuclear palsy, aged 88.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Emilio Nicholas Sr.
- **birth place**: Frontera, Coahuila, Mexico
- **death place**: San Antonio, Texas, U.S.
- **alma mater**: St. Mary's University, Texas (B.S.)
Trinity University (Texas), Trinity University (M.S.)
- **occupation**: Businessman
- **known for**: Founding KWEX-TV
Hevrin Khalaf

**Hevrin Khalaf** (; 15 November 1984 – 12 October 2019) was a Kurdish-Syrian politician and civil engineer. She was Secretary General of the Future Syria Party. She was known for her diplomatic skills.  Khalaf worked towards increasing tolerance and unity among Christians, Arabs, and Kurds.

## Assassination

Khalaf was assassinated by the Turkish-backed Ahrar al-Sharqiya fighters near the M4 Motorway in Northern Syria during the Turkish military operation against SDF forces in Rojava on 12 October 2019. According to _The Washington Post_, the killing "almost certainly constitute(d) a war crime, under international law".

## Other websites

- Rowshan Qasim: Who is the Kurdish political leader Hevrin Khalaf?  7dnews.com, 14 October 2019

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hevrin Khalaf
- **image**: Hevrin Khalaf.png
- **caption**: Hevrin Khalaf (2019)
- **alt**: Hevrin Khalaf (2019)
- **birth name**: Hevrin Khalaf
- **nationality**: Kurdish-Syrian
- **occupation**: Politician, civil engineer
- **title**: Secretary General of the Future Syria Party
- **organization**: Future Syria Party
Anna Quayle

**Anne Veronica Maria Quayle** (6 October 1932 – 16 August 2019), known professionally as **Anna Quayle**, was an English actress.  In 1963, she won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her role in the original production of _Stop the World – I Want to Get Off_.

Her movie roles include _A Hard Day's Night_ (1964), _Smashing Time_ (1967), _Casino Royale_ (1967), and _Chitty Chitty Bang Bang_ (1968).

Quayle was diagnosed in 2012, with Lewy body dementia. She died on 16 August 2019, at the age of 86.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Anna Quayle
- **birth name**: Anne Veronica Maria Quayle
- **birth place**: Birmingham, England
- **education**: Convent of Jesus and Mary Language College
- **occupation**: Actor, Actress, Singer, Dancer
- **years active**: 1956–1999
- **children**: Katy Mcconnell
- **parents**: Douglas Quayle
Kathleen Parke
C. S. Holling

**Crawford Stanley (Buzz) Holling**,  (December 6, 1930 – August 16, 2019) was an American-born Canadian ecologist, born in Theresa, New York.

Holling was one of the co-founders of ecological economics.

In 2008, he won the Volvo Environment Prize.

He was an Emeritus Eminent Scholar and Professor in Ecological Sciences at the University of Florida.

Holling died on August 16, 2019 in Nanaimo, British Columbia at the age of 88.
Theresa, New York

**Theresa** is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 2,648 at the 2020 census. The town is named after Theresa La Ray, the daughter of an original landowner.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Theresa, New York
- **settlement type**: Administrative divisions of New York#Town, Town
- **nickname**: "Land of Lakes"
- **pushpin map**: New York#USA
- **pushpin label**: Theresa
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name2**: Jefferson County, New York, Jefferson
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 181.27
- **area total sq mi**: 69.99
- **area land km2**: 168.66
- **area land sq mi**: 65.12
- **area water km2**: 12.61
- **area water sq mi**: 4.87
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2648
- **population density km2**: 15.70
- **population density sq mi**: 40.66
- **timezone1**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **timezone1 dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 13691
- **area code**: Area code 315, 315
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-045-73528
- **blank2 name sec2**: Wikimedia Commons
Ecological economics

**Ecological economics** (also called **eco-economics**, **ecolonomy** or **bioeconomics** of Georgescu-Roegen) is both a transdisciplinary and an interdisciplinary field of academic research about the coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems.

By treating the economy as a system of Earth's larger ecosystem, and by the preservation of natural capital, the field of **ecological economics** is different from environmental economics.
Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen

**Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen** (born **Nicolae Georgescu**, 4 February 1906 – 30 October 1994) was a Romanian American mathematician, statistician and economist. He was best known today for his 1971 magnum opus _The Entropy Law and the Economic Process_. He was a key figure in the creation of ecological economics.

Several economists have hailed Georgescu-Roegen as a man who lived well ahead of his time, and some historians of economic thought have proclaimed the ingenuity of his work.

## Other websites

- (Italian website)
- (Introduction to the interview in Spanish (Castilian), the interview itself in English)
- (Obituary)
- (A thorough account of the historical development of ecological economics, including Georgescu-Roegen's contribution)
- (A brief perspective on Georgescu-Roegen's entropy view)
- (Blog lamenting the fact that Georgescu-Roegen was never awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics)
- (Article speculating on one possible source of inspiration for the pontiff's controversial encyclical on ecological concerns)
- (Article shedding some light on 'the famous entropy pessimist')

## Infobox (scientist)

- **image upright**: 0.75
- **alt**: Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
- **native name**: Nicolae Georgescu
- **birth date**: 4 February 1906
- **birth place**: Constanța, Constanţa, Kingdom of Romania
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- **spouse**: Otilia Georgescu-Roegen,
b. Busuioc
- **nationality**: Romanian
- **fields**: Economics, mathematics, statistics
- **workplaces**: University of Bucharest<sup>(1932–46)</sup>, Harvard University<sup>(1934–36)</sup>, Vanderbilt University<sup>(1950–76)</sup>, Graduate Institute of International Studies<sup>(1974)</sup>, University of Strasbourg<sup>(1977–78)</sup>
- **alma mater**: University of Bucharest, Paris Institute of Statistics, University College London
- **academic advisors**: Traian Lalescu, Émile Borel, Karl Pearson, Joseph Schumpeter
- **doctoral students**: Herman Daly
- **notable students**: Kozo Mayumi, Muhammad Yunus
- **known for**: Utility theory, consumer choice theory, production theory, biophysical economics, ecological economics
- **influences**: Aristotle, Rudolf Clausius, Ernst Mach
- **influenced**: Herman Daly, Kozo Mayumi, Jeremy Rifkin, Cutler J. Cleveland, John M. Gowdy, André Gorz, Joan Martinez Alier, :fr:Jacques Grinevald, Jacques Grinevald, Serge Latouche, :de:Malte Michael Faber, Malte Michael Faber, Mauro Bonaiuti
- **awards**: The Harvie Branscomb Award
Meir Shamgar

**Meir Shamgar** () (August 13, 1925 – October 18, 2019) was an Israeli general and judge. He was a member of the Irgun. He was the chief justice of the Israeli Supreme Court from 1983 to 1995. Shamgar was born in Danzig.

Shamgar died on October 18, 2019 at the age of 94.
Aharon Barak

**Aharon Barak** (, born **Erik Brick**; 16 September 1936) is an Israeli jurist. He is the Professor of Law at the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya. Barak was President of the Supreme Court of Israel from 1995 to 2006. Before, he was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Israel (1978–95), as the Attorney General of Israel (1975–78), and as the Dean of the Law Faculty of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1974–75).

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Aharon Barak
- **image**: Aharon Barak.jpg
- **imagesize**: 180px
- **office**: President of the Supreme Court of Israel
- **term start**: 13 August 1995
- **term end**: 14 September 2006
- **predecessor**: Meir Shamgar
- **successor**: Dorit Beinisch
- **birth place**: Kaunas, Lithuania
- **nationality**: Israel
- **spouse**: Elisheva Barak-Ussoskin
- **children**: 4
- **alma mater**: Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Chris Messina

**Christopher Messina** (born August 11, 1974) is an American actor and movie director. He is known for his roles in _Vicky Cristina Barcelona_, _Argo_, _Julie & Julia_, _Ruby Sparks_, _Celeste and Jesse Forever_, _You've Got Mail_ and _Birds of Prey_. He starred in the movie _The Giant Mechanical Man_.

On television, he appeared in roles as Chris Sanchez in _Damages_, Reese Lansing in _The Newsroom_ and as Danny Castellano in _The Mindy Project_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Chris Messina
- **image**: Chris Messina 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Messina in 2014
- **birth name**: Christopher Messina
- **birth place**: Northport, New York, U.S.
- **years active**: 1995–present
- **children**: 2
Northport, New York

**Northport** is a historic village in the Town of Huntington on Long Island, New York. Northport is known for its Victorian era village center, still bearing trolley rails. As of 2020, the village has a population of around 7,347.
Shea Whigham

**Franklin Shea Whigham Jr.** (born January 5, 1969) is an American actor. He played Elias "Eli" Thompson in the HBO drama series _Boardwalk Empire_, and also had notable supporting roles in _Kong: Skull Island_, _Death Note_, _Take Shelter_, the first season of _True Detective_, the third season of the anthology television series _Fargo_, and _Joker_.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Shea Whigham in 2018.jpg
- **name**: Shea Whigham
- **caption**: Whigham in 2018
- **birth name**: Franklin Shea Whigham Jr.
- **birth place**: Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.
- **alma mater**: State University of New York at Purchase
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1997–present
- **children**: 1; Giorgia Whigham
Bill Camp

**William Camp** (born October 13, 1961) is an American actor. He became famous for playing supporting roles in many movies such as _Lincoln_ (2012), _12 Years a Slave_ (2013), _Loving_ (2016), _Jason Bourne_ (2016), _Molly's Game_ (2017), _Red Sparrow_ (2018), _Vice_ (2018) and _Joker_ (2019).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bill Camp
- **image**: Bill Camp (51526).jpg
- **caption**: Camp at the 2018 Tribeca Film Festival
- **birth name**: William Camp
- **birth place**: Massachusetts, U.S.
- **education**: Juilliard School
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1989–present
- **children**: 1
Frances Conroy

**Frances Hardman Conroy** (born November 13, 1953) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Ruth Fisher on the television series _Six Feet Under_. She is also known for playing multiple roles in the _American Horror Story_ television series. In 2019, she played Penny Fleck in _Joker_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frances Conroy
- **image**: Frances Conroy at PaleyFest 2014 - 13491478183.jpg
- **caption**: Conroy at PaleyFest 2014 for _American Horror Story: Coven_
- **birth name**: Frances Hardman Conroy
- **birth place**: Monroe, Georgia, U.S.
- **education**: Dickinson College
Juilliard School (Bachelor of Fine Arts, BFA)
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1978–present
- **spouse**: Jan Munroe (1992–present)
Frikandel

A **frikandel** is a Dutch fast food. It is often a snack eaten with French fries. It has the appearance of a sausage with flat ends.
Tobermory, Mull

**Tobermory** (Scottish Gaelic: _Tobar Mhoire)_ is a town on the Isle of Mull in Scotland. It has roughly around 1,000 people. Historically the town was a fishing port.

Tobermory is well known for hosting the children's television show _Balamory_.

The town was settled in 1788.
Jambuda

**Jambuda** (Gujarati: જાંબુડા, Hindi: जांबुडा) is a small village in the Jamnagar district of the Indian state of Gujarat. The village has communities of Gadhavi, Rajgor Brahmin, Patels, shepherd, Charaniya and Kori.

Jambuda is about  away from Jamnagar city, and on the way to Sainik School Balachadi. Historical book Yaduvanshprakash says that Jambuda village is older than 400 years. It is considered that the village was named as _Jambuda_ due to the large number of Java plum tree, and the heavy production of Java plum fruits. karsan pala paliya was notable personality in village.

## Places

- Chapal mata Temple
- Khodiyar mata Temple
- Kamai mata Temple
- Lakshminarayana Temple
- Yogeshwar Temple
- Kalindri River, etc.
John Ross Robertson

**John Ross Robertson** (December 28, 1841 – May 31, 1918) was a Canadian newspaper publisher, politician, and philanthropy. He was from Toronto, Ontario. Between 1896 and 1900, Robertson was a member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada. He represented the electoral area of Toronto East.

Robertson was involved in many projects in the Toronto community. For example, he was a leader of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA). He fought very hard to make rules in amateur hockey. He is a part of the Hockey Hall of Fame.
Multiplayer online battle arena

**Multiplayer online battle arena** (**MOBA**) is a sub-genre of strategy video game.

Gameplay in MOBAs usually involves two opposing teams, each trying to destroy the other team's base while defending their own. Players must work together to defeat computer-controlled enemy units and gain experience and gold, which can be used to purchase upgrades and items for their characters.

One of the most popular MOBAs is League of Legends, which was released in 2009 and has since become one of the most played online games in the world. Other popular MOBAs include Dota 2, Smite, and Heroes of the Storm.

MOBAs require a combination of strategic thinking, quick reflexes, and teamwork to succeed. Players must communicate effectively with their teammates, manage resources, and make split-second decisions in order to gain an advantage over their opponents.

The rise of MOBAs has led to the development of professional esports leagues and tournaments, where teams of players compete for large cash prizes. The popularity of these events has helped to legitimize video gaming as a competitive sport and has brought gaming into the mainstream.

While MOBAs are known for their fast-paced, action-packed gameplay, they can also be complex and difficult to learn. Many MOBAs have extensive tutorials and learning resources to help new players get started, but it can take months or even years to become proficient at the game.

Despite the challenges, MOBAs remain one of the most popular genres in gaming, with millions of players around the world logging on to play each day. With new games and updates being released regularly, the MOBA genre shows no signs of slowing down anytime soon.
Nikolai Durov

Nikolai Durov founded Telegram messaging service with his brother Pavel Durov.

Telegram was launched in 2013 by the brothers Nikolai and Pavel Durov. Previously the pair founded the Russian social network VK, which they left when it was taken over by the Mail.ru Group. Nikolai Durov created the MTProto protocol that is the basis for the messenger, while Pavel provided financial support and infrastructure through his Digital Fortress fund with partner Axel Neff joining as a second co-founder.
Truncus arteriosus

***Truncus arteriosus***  is a stage in the development of the heart.  It is the arterial trunk that starts from both ventricles of the heart. Later it divides into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

_Failure of the truncus arteriosus to close results in the condition known as **persistent truncus arteriosus**_, a rare congenital heart defect. It is a type of heart disease.

People are born with this condition. There are no cures. If not operated on at an early age people may die from this condition.
Nash equilibrium

In game theory, the **Nash equilibrium** is a proposed solution of a non-cooperative game having two or more players in which each player knows the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player can gain anything more by changing only their own strategy. The equilibrium is named after John Forbes Nash Jr..

If each player has chosen, and no player can win anything more by choosing a different strategy for themselves, then they have a Nash equilibrium.
General Order No. 11 (1863)

**General Order No. 11** is the name of a Union Army order given on August 25, 1863 during the American Civil War. It forced people from rural areas in four counties in western Missouri to leave. The order, given by Union General Thomas Ewing, Jr., affected all rural people regardless of whether they liked the Union or the Confederacy. Those who could prove their loyalty for the Union were allowed to stay in the affected area. However, they still had to leave their farms and move to towns near military outposts. Those who could not show prove their loyalty had to leave the area.

More than 140 years later, towns affected by General Order No. 11 are still less developed than their neighbors.

## Other websites

- Historic Lone Jack
- Missouri Partisan Ranger
- "Order No. 11 and the Civil War on the Border" by Albert Castel
The Atlantic

***The Atlantic*** is an American magazine and publisher. It was created in 1857 in Boston, Massachusetts, and it was called ***The Atlantic Monthly***, which was a literary and cultural commentary magazine that published famous writers' opinions on the abolition of slavery, education, and other important issues in politics. Its creators included Francis H. Underwood and famous writers Ralph Waldo Emerson, Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and John Greenleaf Whittier. James Russell Lowell was its first editor. It was also known for publishing literary works by leading writers.

## Politics

In 2016, the editorial board endorsed a presidential candidate, Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, for the third time since the magazine's creation. This was to rebuke Republican Donald Trump's candidacy. After the election, the magazine has become a strong critic of President Trump. The March 2019 cover article by editor Yoni Appelbaum formally calls for the impeachment of Donald Trump: "It's time for Congress to judge the president's fitness to serve."

## Other websites

- "A History of _The Atlantic_"
- _The Atlantic_ archival writings by topic
- Online archive of _The Atlantic_ (earliest issues up to December 1901)
- Hathi Trust. _Atlantic Monthly_ digitized issues, 1857–

## Infobox (magazine)

- **title**: The Atlantic
- **image file**: The Atlantic Logo 11.2019.svg
- **editor title**: Editor-in-chief
- **editor**: Jeffrey Goldberg
- **editor2**: Bob Cohn
- **editor title2**: President
- **category**: Literature, political science, foreign affairs
- **frequency**: 10 issues a year
- **circulation year**: 2018
- **total circulation**: 478,534
- **firstdate**: (as _The Atlantic Monthly_)
- **company**: Emerson Collective
- **country**: United States
- **based**: Washington, D.C.
- **language**: American English, English
- **issn**: 1072-7825
- **eissn**: 2151-9463
Wishbone Ash

**Wishbone Ash** are a British rock band. They started in Torquay, England in 1969. They were most popular in the 1970s. The first and main members were Martin Turner (bass and vocals), Steve Upton (drums), Andy Powell (guitar and vocals) and Ted Turner (guitar and vocals). After Ted Turner left the group in 1974, Laurie Wisefield became the new guitarist. Since then, the group have had many different members. Only Andy Powell is still in the band.

They are well known as one of the first bands to use two lead guitars in hard rock. This inspired bands like Iron Maiden. Their most popular album is _Argus_ (1972), which got up to number 3 on the UK Albums Chart in 1972.

## Albums

- _Wishbone Ash_ (1970)
- _Pilgrimage_ (1971)
- _Argus_ (1972)
- _Wishbone Four_ (1973)
- _There's the Rub_ (1974)
- _Locked In_ (1976)
- _New England_ (1976)
- _Front Page News_ (1977)
- _No Smoke Without Fire_ (1978)
- _Just Testing_ (1980)
- _Number the Brave_ (1981)
- _Twin Barrels Burning_ (1982)
- _Raw to the Bone_ (1985)
- _Nouveau Calls_ (1987)
- _Here to Hear_ (1989)
- _Strange Affair_ (1991)
- _Illuminations_ (1996)
- _Trance Visionary_ (1997) <small>(electronic re-recordings)</small>
- _Psychic Terrorism_ (1998) <small>(electronic re-recordings)</small>
- _Bare Bones_ (1999) <small>(acoustic re-recordings)</small>
- _Bona Fide_ (2002)
- _Clan Destiny_ (2006)
- _Power of Eternity_ (2007)
- _Elegant Stealth_ (2011)
- _Blue Horizon_ (2014)
- _Coat of Arms_ (2020)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Wishbone Ash
- **background**: group_or_band
- **image**: Wishbone Ash 2015 - 05.jpg
- **origin**: Torquay, England
- **genre**: Hard rock, blues rock, progressive rock
- **years active**: 1969–present
- **label**: MCA Records, MCA, AVM, Neat, I.R.S. Records, IRS, Invisible Hands Music, Permanent, Talking Elephant, Decca Records, Decca, SPV GmbH, Steamhammer/SPV
- **associated acts**: Martin Turner
- **current members**: Andy Powell
Bob Skeat
Joe Crabtree
Mark Abrahams
- **past members**: Martin Turner
Ted Turner (musician), Ted Turner
Steve Upton
Laurie Wisefield
_and many others_
Michael Finnegan

**Michael Kwame Finnegan** (born **Michael Myvett**; ) is a Belizean politician and hoster. He is a member of the United Democratic Party (UDP). He is currently Minister of Housing and Urban Development in Prime minister, Dean Barrow's Cabinet since 14 February 2008.
James Blanchard

**James Johnston Blanchard** (born August 8, 1942) is an American politician. He is a Democrat. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1975 through 1983, as the 45th Governor of Michigan from 1983 through 1991, and as United States Ambassador to Canada from 1993 through 1995.

## Other websites

- The Governor James J. Blanchard Living Library Of Michigan Political History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jim Blanchard
- **image**: James Blanchard 1981 congressional photo.jpg
- **office**: United States Ambassador to Canada
- **president**: Bill Clinton
- **term start**: August 19, 1993
- **term end**: March 29, 1996
- **predecessor**: Peter Teeley
- **successor**: Gordon Giffin
- **order1**: 45th Governor of Michigan
- **lieutenant1**: Martha Griffiths
- **term start1**: January 1, 1983
- **term end1**: January 1, 1991
- **predecessor1**: William Milliken
- **successor1**: John Engler
- **state2**: Michigan
- **term start2**: January 3, 1975
- **term end2**: January 1, 1983
- **predecessor2**: Robert J. Huber
- **successor2**: William Broomfield
- **birth name**: James Johnston Blanchard
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Paula Blanchard (Divorced 1987)
Janet Blanchard
- **education**: Michigan State University (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Master of Business Administration, MBA)
University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities (Juris Doctor, JD)