juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Human resources

**Human resources** is all the people working for a company or organization. Sometimes, **human capital** is used as well. This is because employees (the people that work) are a good thing for a business because they add value to it.

The economist John Commons used the term "human resource" in his 1893 book, The Distribution of Wealth, but did not develop it further. The concept of "human resources" was in use during the 1910s and 20s in the sense that workers were perceived as a type of capital asset. For the first time in the modern sense, the concept of "human resource" was used by economist Edward Bakke in his report in 1958.

Examples are teachers, etc.

It is important that human resources in a company are the best possible, because it is the workers that can make the difference. There are many factors to think about when talking of human resources:
- Demographics, which is things like the age and sex of the people. It is important that there are both new young people starting and old people with lots of knowledge around a business.
- Diversity, so that all type of people are represented equally.
- Skills and qualifications: it is important that only people with the right skills do a job. Otherwise, it will be a loss of time and money.

Human resources management is the group of people within a company that takes care of human resources. They make sure every employee is happy with what they are doing. They also do recruitment (finding new people for a job).
Benjamin F. Stewart

**Benjamin F. Stewart** (born 1851) was a Private in the United States Army. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Indian Wars.

## Biography

Benjamin Stewart was born in 1851 in Norfolk, Virginia. He served as a Private in Company E, 7th U.S. Infantry during the American Indian Wars. He received the Medal of Honor December 2, 1876 for his actions at Little Big Horn River Montana on July 9, 1876.

## Medal of Honor

Rank and organization: Private, Company E, 7th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Big Horn River, Mont., 9 July 1876. Entered service at: ------. Birth: Norfolk, Va. Date of issue: 2 December 1876.

**Citation:**

> Carried dispatches to Gen. Crook at imminent risk of his life.

## Related pages

- List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Benjamin F. Stewart
- **birth date**: 1851
- **placeofbirth**: Norfolk, Virginia
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **allegiance**: United States of America, United States
- **branch**: United States Army
- **rank**: Private
- **unit**: Company E, 7th U.S. Infantry
- **battles**: Indian Wars
- **awards**: Medal of Honor
Recruitment

**Recruitment** is the process of finding new people to do a job. For a company or organization, it is important to choose the right people from the beginning. This is because human resources are often a very important part of a business.

Recruitment has many different steps. First, the company needs to advertise that it has a job available. People then send an application. This usually includes a curriculum vitae, which is a summary of what a person has done until now in their life. The best applicants are selected and they come for an interview. This might also include some further tests or exercises to do. The person chosen is then given an offer of a job. Finally, they can choose to take it or not.

There are many ways of doing recruitment. Some companies go to consultants, who know where and how to find the best people. Universities and schools often have a group of people that tells the students about getting a job. At other times, a company might really want a person that is very good at a job but works for another company. They can then ask directly to this person, maybe offering more money. Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn are also sometimes used by people looking for a job.
Juliana Paes

**Juliana Couto Paes** (born March 26, 1979) is a Brazilian actress and former model.

Born in Rio Bonito, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Paes is of Black, Portuguese, Bolivian, indigenous Brazilian and Spanish descent. She is the oldest child of Regina and Carlos Henrique Paes. She has three siblings: Mariana, Rosana, and Carlos Henrique Jr.

### Television

- 2012 - _Gabriela_....Gabriela
- 2011 - _O Astro_ ....Nina
- 2009 - _Caminho das Índias_ ....Maya Meetha
- 2008 - _A Favorita_ ....Maíra Carvalho
- 2007 - _Duas Caras_ ....Herself
- 2006 - _Pé na Jaca_ ....Gui (Guinevere Ataliba dos Santos)
- 2005 - _América_ ....Creusa
- 2003 - _Celebridade_ ....Jaqueline Joy
- 2001 - _O Clone_ ....Karla
- 2000 - _Laços de Família_ ....Ritinha

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Juliana Paes
- **birth name**: Juliana Couto Paes
- **image**: Juliana Paes noCafe com Gloria 03.jpg
- **alt**: 200px
- **birth place**: Rio Bonito, Brazil
- **occupation**: Actress
Todd Bridges

**Todd Bridges** (born 1965) is an American actor who was known for his role as Willis Jackson in the hit comedy show _Diff'rent Strokes_. He is also known for his roles in _Everybody Hates Chris_ and _truTV Presents: World's Dumbest..._.

Bridges was born in 1965 in San Francisco, California. He was first married to Dori Bridges from 1998-2012 and they divorced. In 2022 he married Bettijo Hirschi. He has two children. His son Spencir Bridges (born 1998) is an actor and his daughter Bo J. Rushing (born 1996).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Todd Bridges
- **birth name**: Todd Bridges
- **image**: Todd Bridges 2017-10-28.jpg
- **caption**: Bridges in 2017
- **birth place**: San Francisco, California
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1975–present
- **children**: 2
- **relatives**: Jimmy Bridges (actor), Jimmy Bridges (brother)
Dana Plato

**Dana Michelle Plato** (November 7, 1964 – May 8, 1999) was an American actress who was known for her role as Kimberly Drummond in the hit comedy show _Diff'rent Strokes_. After the show ended, her career went down and later posed for _Playboy_ and committed robbery.

Plato was born **Dana Michelle Strain** on November 7, 1964 in Maywood, California. She was adopted by Dean and Florine Plato and she legally changed her name from Strain to Plato. She was raised in Los Angeles, California. Plato was married to Lanny Lambert from 1984 until they divorced in 1990. They had one son, Tyler Lambert. Plato committed suicide when she had an overdose from pills in her home in Moore, Oklahoma, aged 34.

## Other websites

- Dana Plato at Find a Grave
The Secret Meeting

***The Secret Meeting*** is an oil painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard. It dates to 1771-1773.  Fragonard was hired to paint a series of four panels for the chateau at Louveciennes, the home of Madame du Barry, the last of Louis XV's mistresses. His theme was "The Progress of Love". It is the companion piece to _The Lover Crowned_. It hangs in the Frick Museum, New York.

Fragonard was drawn to the playful lives of his contemporary aristocratic youth, a notable aspect of Rococo decorative painting. In this painting, a young man has scaled the wall surround his sweetheart's family estate. The young woman, having agreed to the private rendezvous, looks around anxiously to be sure she hasn't been followed.
The Lover Crowned

***The Lover  Crowned*** is an oil painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard. In 1771, Fragonard was hired to paint a series of panels for the chateau at Louveciennes, the home of Madame du Barry. His theme was "The Progress of Love". _The Lover  Crowned_ is the companion piece to _The Secret Meeting_. The picture hangs in the Frick Collection, New York.
John Vanbrugh

Sir **John Vanbrugh** (1664-1726) was an English writer, dramatist and architect.

His main literary works include _The Relapse_ (1696), _The Provok'd Wife_ (1697), _The Country House_ (1703), _The Confederacy_ (1705) and _The Provok'd Husband_ (left incomplete and later completed by Colley Cibber in 1728).

As an architect, Vanbrugh designed some famous buildings like Castle Howard, Blenheim Palace and the original Haymarket Theatre.
Seto Inland Sea

**Seto Inland Sea** is a sea surrounded by the Japanese islands of Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku.

## Related pages

- Inland sea
Geophone

A **geophone** is a device for measuring earthquakes. They function by converting movement into voltage to be recorded at a station.

## Related pages

- Seismometer
Asakura, Fukuoka

is a Japanese town in Fukuoka Prefecture on the island of Kyushu.

## History

Ancient artifacts and agricultural tools have been found at Asakura.  These finds date to the Yayoi period and the Kofun period (300 BC-538 AD).

In 660-661, the town of Asakura was briefly the capital of Japan when Empress Saimei moved her court to _Asakura no Tachibana no Hironiwa_ Palace or _Asakure no Tachibana no Hironiwa-no-miya_.

In 2006, the town merged with the former city of Amagi and the town of Haki. A new city named Asakura was formed.

## Other websites

- http://www.kokudo.or.jp/marge/c_prefecture.html
Schist

The **schists** are a group of metamorphic rocks which have lamellar (plate-like) minerals, such as micas, chlorite, talc, hornblende, graphite, and others. Quartz often occurs in drawn-out grains so that a form called quartz schist is produced. By definition, schist contains more than 50% platy and elongated minerals, often finely interleaved with quartz and feldspar. Schist often contains garnets.

The individual mineral grains in schist, drawn out into flaky scales by heat and pressure, can be seen by the naked eye. Schist is characteristically _foliated_, (~leaf-like) meaning the mineral grains split off easily into flakes or slabs. The word _schist_ is derived from the Greek word _σχίζειν schíxein_ meaning "to split". This refers to the ease with which schists can be split along the plane in which the platy minerals lie.

Most schists have been derived from clays and muds which have passed through a series of metamorphic processes involving the production of shales, slates and phyllites as intermediate steps. Certain schists have been derived from fine-grained igneous rocks such as basalts and tuffs. Most schists are mica schists, but graphite and chlorite schists are also common.

Schists are named after their mineral constituents, such as garnet schist, tourmaline schist, glaucophane schist, etc.

Schists are frequently used as dimension stone. Dimension stone is stone that has been selected and cut to specific shapes or sizes.
Ghost in the Machine

The "**Ghost in the Machine**" is a metaphor in philosophy. The philosopher Gilbert Ryle called mind the _Ghost in the **Machine**_<nowiki/>**, and the idea that it was separate from the brain was the mistaken "official doctrine"**.

## Overview

Ryle was referring to René Descartes' mind-body dualism. In dualist systems like Descartes', mental activity carries on in parallel to physical action, but the means of interaction are unknown or speculative. Ryle thought this was absurd, and as a kind of error which he called a "category mistake". It is like saying something like "cars move by motive spirit".
Helen Jacobs

**Helen Hull Jacobs** (August 6, 1908 - June 2, 1997, Globe, Arizona) was an American tennis player. She was a former number 1 ranked player. Jacobs won the championship at Wimbledon in 1936. She won a total of 10 Grand Slam titles. Jacobs won the US National championship in singles (1932-1935), doubles (1932, 1934-35) and mixed doubles (1934). She is best known for her rivalry with Helen Wills Moody.
William Troy

**William Troy** (1848–March 8, 1907) entered Service in the US Navy from Massachusetts as a United States Navy sailor. For bravery in action during the 1871 Korean Expedition he received the Medal of Honor on June 11, 1871. He was part of the party that rescued the mortally wounded Hugh McKee at Citadel Korea and was himself wounded and specifically commended by the Lieutenant.

Troy is buried in the Stockton State Hospital Cemetery in Stockton, California. A monument in his honor stands at the San Joaquin National Cemetery in Gustine, California. According to the San Joaquin National Cemetery's Website he is buried there, not at the state hospital in Stockton, in Section M-1, Grave 53.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Ordinary Seaman, U.S. Navy. Born: 1848, Boston, Mass. Accredited to: Massachusetts. G.O. No.: 169, February 8, 1872.

**Citation:**
> On board the U.S.S. Colorado during the capture of the Korean forts, 11 June 1871. Fighting at the side of Lt. McKee, by whom he was especially commended, Troy was badly wounded by the enemy.

## Related pages

- List of Medal of Honor recipients

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: William Troy
- **birth date**: 1848
- **death date**: March 8,
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts
- **death place**: Stockton, California
- **placeofburial**: Stockton State Hospital Cemetery in Stockton, California
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **image**: US Navy Medal of Honor (1862 original).png
- **image size**: 125px
- **caption**: Medal of Honor recipient
- **branch**:  United States Navy
- **rank**: Ordinary Seaman (rank), Ordinary Seaman
- **awards**: Medal of Honor
Royal Rumble (2000)

**Royal Rumble (2000)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on January 23, 2000, at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. It was the 13th Royal Rumble event held by the WWF.

The main event was the Royal Rumble match for a WWF Championship match at WrestleMania 2000, which The Rock won by last eliminating Big Show. Big Show was about to throw The Rock out, but then Rock reversed the move and threw the Big Show out to win. Big Show afterwards tired to prove that The Rock hit the ground first, however it could not be arranged again because WrestleMania 2000 was too close, so the Rock remained as the winner. After that, Big Show hit The Rock because of frustration.

### Royal Rumble entrances and eliminations

– **Winner**

|Draw|Entrant|Order eliminated|Eliminated by|Time|Time to Next Entrant|Eliminations||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||D'Lo Brown||rowspan="4"|Rikishi|06:08|0:00|0|
||Grand Master Sexay||07:42|1:33|0|||
||Mosh||03:37|1:42|0|||
||Christian||02:08|1:37|0|||
||Rikishi||Big Boss Man, Bob Backlund, Edge, Gangrel, Test & The British Bulldog|16:23|1:41|7||
||||rowspan="3"|Rikishi|01:02|2:03|0|
||||00:44|1:35|0|||
||Viscera||01:25|1:57|0|||
|||15|The Rock|22:47|1:41|3||
|10||17|Big Show|26:17|1:30|1||
|11||13|Road Dogg|15:22|1:47|1||
|12|Gangrel|18|Big Show|23:19|1:36|1||
|13|Edge|14|Al Snow & Val Venis|14:48|1:50|1||
|14|Bob Backlund||Chris Jericho|02:00|1:51|1||
|15|Chris Jericho|10|Chyna|03:47|1:39|1||
|16|Crash Holly|16|The Rock|14:54|1:31|0||
|17|Chyna|11|rowspan="2"|Big Boss Man|00:38|1:36|1|
|18|Faarooq|12|00:18|1:31|0|||
|19|Road Dogg|25|Billy Gunn|19:02|1:31|2||
|20|Al Snow|24|The Rock|17:17|1:37|2||
|21|Val Venis|20|rowspan="2"|Kane|11:47|1:40|1|
|22|Prince Albert|21|11:23|1:32|0|||
|23|Hardcore Holly|22|Al Snow|11:48|1:32|0||
|**24**|**The Rock**|**30**|**Winner**|**14:47**|1:41|**4**||
|25|Billy Gunn|26|Kane|09:38|1:39|2||
|26|Big Show|29|The Rock|11:12|1:30|4||
|27|Bradshaw|19|Billy Gunn & Road Dogg|00:25|1:44|0||
|28|Kane|27|X-Pac|06:11|1:31|3||
|29|The Godfather|23|rowspan="2"|Big Show|01:32|1:34|0|
|30|X-Pac|28|03:32|N/A|1|||

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Royal Rumble (2000)
- **tagline**: The Road to WrestleMania Begins
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Federation
- **date**: January 23, 2000
- **venue**: Madison Square Garden
- **city**: New York City, New York (state), New York
- **attendance**: 19,231
- **lastevent**: Armageddon (1999)
- **nextevent**: No Way Out (2000)
- **event**: Royal Rumble
- **lastevent2**: Royal Rumble (1999)
- **nextevent2**: Royal Rumble (2001)
James F. Merton

**James F. Merton** (born 1843) was a United States Navy sailor. He received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Korean Expedition in 1871. Landsman Merton was severely wounded during the seizure of the forts.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Landsman, U.S. Navy. Birth: England. G.O. No.: 180, October 10, 1872.

**Citation:**

> Landsman and member of Company D during the capture of the Korean forts, 9 and 10 June 1871, Merton was severely wounded in the arm while trying to force his way into the fort.

## Related pages

- List of Medal of Honor recipients

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: James F. Merton
- **birth date**: 1843
- **birth place**: Cheshire, England
- **death place**: Unknown
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **image**: US Navy Medal of Honor (1862 original).png
- **image size**: 125px
- **caption**: Medal of Honor recipient
- **branch**:  United States Navy
- **rank**: Landman (rank), Landsman
- **battles**: Ganghwa Island
Korean Expedition
- **awards**: Medal of Honor
Jaipurhat District

**Joypurhat** () is a district in northern Bangladesh. It is a part of the Rajshahi Division.
Naogaon District

**Naogaon** (, ) is a district in northern Bangladesh. It is a part of the Rajshahi Division.
Nawabganj District

**Nawabganj** () is a district in northern Bangladesh. It is a part of the Rajshahi Division.
Garum

**Garum** was a fermented fish sauce used in ancient Greece, Rome, and Byzantium. It was made from the intestines of small fishes by bacterial fermentation.
The House of Cards

***The House of Cards*** is an oil painting by Jean-Baptiste-Siméon-Chardin. It was painted about 1737. It measures 60 cm x 72 cm (23.62 in x 28.35 in.). It hangs in the National Gallery, London. Chardin painted scenes that found favor with all classes of Parisian society.
The See-Saw

***The See-Saw*** is an oil painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard. It was painted in 1755. It measures 46 x 36 in. It hangs in the Fundación Colección Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid. It is the companion piece to _Blind Man's Bluff_.
Blind Man's Bluff

***Blind Man's Bluff*** is an oil painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard. It was painted in 1755-1756. It measures 46 x 36 in. It hangs in the Toledo Museum of Art. It is the companion piece to _The See-Saw_.
The Bathers

***The Bathers*** is an oil painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard. It may have been painted in around 1765. It hangs in the Louvre.
A Visit to the Nursery

***A Visit to the Nursery*** is an oil painting by Jean-Honoré Fragonard. It was painted in 1775. It measures . It hangs in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC. Fragonard is usually remembered for his mildly erotic works. After his marriage in 1769, he painted family life.
Mini CD

A **Mini CD** is the second and latest type of CD that is of smaller size, usually 8 cm, instead of 12 cm at the first CD type. Mini CD can hold less data, about 210 Megabytes, or 24 minutes of music. There is also a version which can only hold 155 MB of data, or 18 minutes of music. Mini CD and CD can also come in different sizes, such as a hart shape, a bussines cards,... that can hold between 10 MB and 100 MB of data that are called shaped CD (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaped_compact_disc).
Madame du Barry

**Jeanne Bécu, Countess of Barry** (19 August 1743 – 8 December 1793) was the last mistress of King Louis XV of France. She was one of the victims of the Reign of Terror.

## Early life

Jeanne Bécu was born in Lorraine, France. Her mother was Anne Bécu, who was a seamstress. Jeanne Bécu was an illegitimate child, and her father is not known. Some people say her father was Jean Jacques Gomard, a friar known as _frère Ange_.

Jeanne Bécu was educated at a convent called Couvent de Saint-Aure. When she was 15 years old, she left the convent. She and her mother moved to Paris, where Jeanne sold small items on the streets. Jeanne was a very beautiful, blonde-haired woman, and was later found by Jean-Baptiste du Barry, who owned a casino and trained women to be courtesans. Jean-Baptiste du Barry made Jeanne his mistress.

## Official mistress of Louis XV

As time passed, Jeanne became well-known with powerful people in the Kingdom of France. She had many clients in the king's court. The king soon noticed her and had her brought to his bedroom many times. Since she was a commoner and did not have a royal title, she could not be a _maîtresse-en-titre_ (official mistress). The king was worried what people would think of him being with a commoner, so the king ordered that Jeanne be married to a man who had a noble title.

On 1 September 1768, Jeanne was married to Jean-Baptiste du Barry's brother, Comte Guillaume du Barry. After the wedding, Jeanne was made Louis XV's official mistress. She lived in a small room above the king's room. Jeanne was very lonely since some people still considered her a commoner.

## Death

Jeanne died at the age of 50 due to execution made by supporters of the French Revolution, a time where the common people were against people of the royalty. She is buried at the Madeleine Cemetery.

## Infobox (nobility)

- **name**: Madame du Barry
- **title**: Countess of Barry
- **image**: Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun - Portrait of Madame Du Barry.jpg
- 220px
- **caption**: Madame du Barry, by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun
- **spouse**: Guillaume du Barry, Count of Barry
- **issue**: _none_
- **full name**: Marie Jeanne Bécu
- **father**: Jean Baptiste Gormand
- **mother**: Anne Bécu
- **birth date**: 19 August 1743
- **death date**: 8 December 1793 (aged 50)
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **birth place**: Vaucouleurs, Lorraine, France
Linda Lovelace

**Linda Lovelace** (January 10, 1949 – April 22, 2002), whose real name was Linda Boreman, was an American pornographic actress best known for her starring role in 1972 movie _Deep Throat_. She was born Linda Susan Boreman in the Bronx, New York City.

She was married to Chuck Traynor (1937-2002) from 1971 until 1973; he frequently used violence against her. In 1974 she married Larry Marchiano. She had two children with him. They divorced in 1996. In 1980 _Ordeal_ was published. It was a book Lovelace wrote about being a porn actress. She moved to Colorado in 1990. She died in Denver on April 22, 2002 of injuries sustained in a road accident on April 3, 2002. The biopic _Lovelace_ is about her.
Division of Parramatta

The **Division of Parramatta** is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. The division was created in 1900 for the first federal election in 1901. It is named for the locality of Parramatta. The name _Parramatta_ is an Aboriginal word for "the place where the eels lie down".

The division is in the western suburbs of Sydney.  It includes Constitution Hill, Dundas Valley, Granville, Harris Park, Holroyd, Mays Hill, North Parramatta, Oatlands, Old Toongabbie, Parramatta, Rosehill, Rydalmere, Telopea, Wentworthville, Westmead and parts of Dundas, Ermington, Guildford, Merrylands, Merrylands West, Northmead, North Rocks, Pendle Hill, South Granville and South Wentworthville.

The division lies between Labor voting areas of western Sydney and the  Liberal areas on the North Shore.  Because of this, any change to the boundary can change the political balance in the seat.  For example, in the 2006 boundary change, Parramatta shifted from marginally Labor to marginally Liberal (as defined by the Australian Electoral Commission). Nevertheless, as was expected  Julie Owens held the seat for the ALP with an increased majority.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||rowspan="3"|(Sir) Joseph Cook|Free Trade, Anti-Socialist|1901–1909|
|||Commonwealth Liberal|1909–1917|||
|||Nationalist|1917–1921|||
|||Herbert Pratten|Nationalist|1921–1922||
|||Eric Bowden|Nationalist|1922–1929||
|||Albert Rowe|Labor|1929–1931||
|||(Sir) Frederick Stewart|United Australia|1931–1946||
|||Howard Beale|Liberal|1946–1958||
|||Sir Garfield Barwick|Liberal|1958–1964||
|||Nigel Bowen|Liberal|1964-1973||
|||Philip Ruddock|Liberal|1973–1977||
|||John Brown|Labor|1977–1990||
|||Paul Elliott|Labor|1990–1996||
|||Ross Cameron|Liberal|1996–2004||
|||Julie Owens|Labor|2004–2022||
|||Andrew Charlton|Labor|2022–present||

From 1901 to 1921 the Division was represented by Sir Joseph Cook who was the Prime Minister of Australia from 1913–14. There have been several by-elections for Parramatta when the members have resigned. In 1921 Cook resigned to became Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, in 1958 Beale resigned to become Australian Ambassador to the United States, in 1964 Barwick resigned to become Chief Justice of the High Court, Bowen resigned in 1973 to become a judge in the NSW Court of Appeal.

## Election results

|-
| bgcolor="#118080" |  
| style="text-align:left;"| Independent OLC
| style="text-align:left;"| Steve Christou
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,982
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.54
| style="text-align:right;"| +3.54
|-

## References

- Division of Parramatta – Australian Electoral Commission

## Other websites

- Julie Owens' website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Parramatta
- **image**: Division of Parramatta 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Parramatta (green) in New South Wales
- **party-colour**: Labor
- **mp**: Andrew Charlton
- **mp-party**: Australian Labor Party, Labor
- **state**: nsw
- **created**: 1901
- **namesake**: Parramatta, New South Wales
- **area**: 56
- **class**: Inner Metropolitan
Harborne

**Harborne** is an area of Birmingham in the West Midlands, England. It is west of the centre of Birmingham.
Humboldt University of Berlin

The **Humboldt University of Berlin** () is Berlin's first public university. It was founded by Wilhelm von Humboldt. He was the German Minister of Education at the time. Von Humboldt organized Germany's system of education which is still used today. The first building was donated by Frederick William III of Prussia. The University opened its doors in 1810 as the **University of Berlin**.

## History

At the time of its founding in 1810, there was pressure to make the new university both practical and industrial. Von Humboldt wanted it to be a center for the pursuit of truth in learning. In the end, he won out. The University was set up under his principles. In 1828 it was formally renamed the **Frederick-William University**. The university was named in honor of the reigning monarch, Frederick William III of Prussia.  The university offered the traditional faculties of law, medicine, theology, and philosophy. Emperor William made several establishments at the University. One of these was the professorship of "American History". It is now called the "Theodore Roosevelt professorship". It required the position be filled by an American professor who must lecture in German. In an interview with then president Butler of Columbia University, a second professorship in Berlin was established with a lectures in English taught by a German professor.

From 1933 to 1945, under Nazism, the university lost many of its Jewish scholars and students. Some were killed. On May 10, 1933 many university books were burned. Before World War II Humboldt was still the major university in Berlin. After the war the university was greatly weakened. It reopened in  January 1946. It was in the Soviet sector of Berlin. Many students and faculty wanted to continue their education free of communist government control. With the help of the US Army and donations from the United States government, the Free University of Berlin was established in 1948 in West Berlin.

In 1949 the university was given its present name, Humboldt University of Berlin (), to honor the brothers Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt. The university underwent a number of changes by the government of East Berlin in the 1950s. But it regained its importance as a major center of learning.

## The university today

The university got its start reflecting the principles of the great educational reformer Wilhelm von Humboldt. It pioneered many new academic disciplines. In spite of its problems in the 20th century, the university has returned to its founding principles. There are 260 degree courses offered. The university has an academic staff of about 2,170 and 35,000 students. it is currently ranked 80th among the world's universities. It has been informally called "Berlin University" throughout its history. Also, informally, the "University of Linden" () after its location.

## Other websites

- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Home page (in German)
German Football Association

The **German Football Association** () is the association that governs football in Germany. It was one of the founding members of both FIFA and UEFA. It is in charge of the men's and women's national teams. The association was started on 28 January 1900 in Leipzig. Its headquarters are now based in Frankfurt.
2013 Football League Cup Final

The **2013 Football League Cup Final** is a football match between Bradford City and Swansea City, which will take place on 24 February 2013 at Wembley Stadium, London. It is the final match of the 2012–13 Football League Cup, the 53rd season of the Football League Cup, a football competition for the 92 teams in the Premier League and the Football League. The winner of the Football League Cup will enter the 2013–14 UEFA Europa League in the third qualifying round.

## Infobox (football match)

- **title**: 2013 Football League Cup Final
- **event**: 2012–13 Football League Cup
- **team1**: Bradford City A.F.C., Bradford City
- **team2**: Swansea City A.F.C., Swansea City
- **stadium**: Wembley Stadium
- **city**: London
- **previous**: 2012 Football League Cup Final, 2012
- **next**: 2014 Football League Cup Final, 2014
2052: A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years

***2052: A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years*** is a description of trends in global development by Jørgen Randers. It is a follow-up of _The Limits to Growth_ which in 1972 was the first known worldwide report to the Club of Rome.

There are three differences from the previous report. First, it does not describe a disaster scenario, but shows only trends. Secondly, it is to be read in the light of experience since 1972, namely, that all of humanity has responded to the report, but with a delay  of 20  to 40 years. Thirdly, it offers not only future scenarios, it makes concrete proposals on how the individual should respond to emerging developments.

## Global forecast

Randers's reflections are based on two central questions: "What will happen to the consumer over the next 40 years?" and "Under what conditions - in which social and natural environment - this future consumption will take place?" He uses computer models to make sure feedback effects are not overlooked.

- Forecast on population and consumption
The population will decline from about 2040. The working population will peak around 2030. Productivity will grow, but there will be obstacles. The gross domestic product will grow, but more slowly. Investments - forced and voluntary - will increase. There will be new costs. Costs for adaptation to the new climate and for fixing disasters will explode. The state will become more involved. Consumption will stagnate and go down in some places.

- Forecast on energy and CO<sub>2</sub>
The energy efficiency will continue to grow. Energy demand is expected to rise, but not for ever. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from energy consumption will be greatest in 2030. The temperature will rise by more than two degrees, and that will cause serious problems.

- Forecast on nutrition and ecological footprint
The race for natural resources will be hard, the biocapacity of the world will be used more and more. The cities will become richer sources of raw materials for metal than the mineral deposits in nature (urban mining). In the same way that zoos have already become the last refuge for many endangered species, parks will take over this role for nature in general.

- The non-physical future
Randers argues the global gross domestic product will not increase as it has in the past because of population decline, and general aging and declining productivity growth.

The Internet will give rise to a completely new understanding of private and public. Knowledge will not be a scarce resource any more, but that will not lead to more rational decisions in most  cases, because knowledge on its own is not sufficient to change behavior when strong interests are involved.  Therefore, probably there will be  needed a "green team" to enforce environmental behavior, like today, the  peacekeeping forces (blue berets).

## Other websites

- 2052 - A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years
Alkyne

An **alkyne** is a molecule that has a triple bond between two carbon atoms. They have general formula C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n-2</sub>. They are also called acetylenes. The smallest alkyne is acetylene, also called ethyne. Alkynes are hydrophobic: this means they dissolve well in organic solvents but not in water.

Alkynes are more reactive than usual hydrocarbons. For example, they are more reactive than alkenes in many reactions. If the alkyne is at the end of a molecule, it is easy to remove the proton with a strong base. Then, the alkyne can be used in addition reactions. For example, it can be added to a ketone. Alkynes are also easy to reduce to double bonds. They can be made into both _trans_ and _cis_ double bonds. Alkynes are also used a lot in pericyclic reactions.

## Physical structure

Alkynes have a 180 degrees angle between the two carbon atoms. For this reason, they do not like to be in a cyclic compound. Some examples of alkynes are shown below.

## List of alkynes

The following is a list of the first 15 alkynes:

1. Ethyne C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>
1. Propyne C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>
1. Butyne C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
1. Pentyne C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub>
1. Hexyne C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>
1. Heptyne C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>12</sub>
1. Octyne C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>14</sub>
1. Nonyne C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>16</sub>
1. Decyne C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>18</sub>
1. Undecyne C<sub>11</sub>H<sub>20</sub>
1. Dodecyne C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>22</sub>
1. Tridecyne C<sub>13</sub>H<sub>24</sub>
1. Tetradecyne C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>26</sub>
1. Pentadecyne C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>28</sub>
1. Hexadecyne C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>30</sub>
Carboxylic acid

A **carboxylic acid** is any molecule that has a COOH group. This group contains a carbonyl (C=O double bond) together with an hydroxyl group (OH) on the same carbon atom. Because it is easy to remove the proton with even a weak base, these compounds are called acids. An example of a carboxylic acid is acetic acid, which is also known as vinegar.

Carboxylic acids are found a lot in food. Many types of fat molecules are actually carboxylic acids. For example, chocolate and coconuts have these acids. They are also used a lot in soaps and detergents.

The smaller carboxylic acids dissolve in water. The bigger ones dissolve only in organic solvents.

## List

This section lists the first few carboxylic acids.

|Carbon atoms|Common name|IUPAC name|Chemical formula|Common location or use|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Carbonic acid|Carbonic acid|OHCOOH|Blood and tissues (bicarbonate buffer system)|
|1|Formic acid|Methanoic acid|HCOOH|Insect stings|
|2|Acetic acid|Ethanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>COOH|Vinegar|
|3|Propionic acid|Propanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH|Preservative for stored grains, body odour|
|4|Butyric acid|Butanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>COOH|Butter|
|5|Valeric acid|Pentanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COOH|Valerian|
|6|Caproic acid|Hexanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>COOH|Goat fat|
|7|Enanthic acid|Heptanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>5</sub>COOH||
|8|Caprylic acid|Octanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>COOH|Coconuts|
|9|Pelargonic acid|Nonanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>7</sub>COOH|Pelargonium|
|10|Capric acid|Decanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>8</sub>COOH|Coconut and Palm kernel oil|
|11|Undecylic acid|Undecanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>9</sub>COOH||
|12|Lauric acid|Dodecanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>10</sub>COOH|Coconut oil and hand wash soaps|
|13|Tridecylic acid|Tridecanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>11</sub>COOH||
|14|Myristic acid|Tetradecanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>12</sub>COOH|Nutmeg|
|15|Pentadecylic acid|Pentadecanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>13</sub>COOH||
|16|Palmitic acid|Hexadecanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>14</sub>COOH|Palm oil|
|17|Margaric acid|Heptadecanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>15</sub>COOH||
|18|Stearic acid|Octadecanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>16</sub>COOH|Chocolate, waxes, soaps, and oils|
|19|Nonadecylic acid|Nonadecanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>17</sub>COOH|Fats, vegetable oils, pheromone|
|20|Arachidic acid|Icosanoic acid|CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>18</sub>COOH|Peanut oil|
Epoxide

In organic chemistry, an **epoxide** is a molecule that has a ring-shaped structure with three atoms: two carbon and one oxygen. These atoms make the corners of a triangle, with chemical bonds as its sides. The epoxide ring's shape gives the molecule ring strain, making it very reactive.

Epoxides can be made by oxidation of alkenes. There are many ways to do this. Usually, a peroxide is used. Some ways can even make only one enantiomer of the epoxide.

## Chemistry

The oxygen atom pulls electrons away from the carbon-carbon bond, making that bond an electrophile that can react with many different nucleophiles.

Normally, epoxides react like an S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction. The nucleophile's lone pair bonds to one of the carbon atoms, which breaks its bond with the oxygen atom. The oxygen atom then has a negative charge, which attracts a hydrogen ion or other electrophile to make the compound.

The reaction changes in a strong acid: the acid will give hydrogen to the oxygen atom first, breaking a bond to a carbon atom and making a carbocation intermediate that will attract and react with a nucleophile from the solution. Using an acid as a catalyst allows epoxides to react with even weak nucleophiles like water.

The end product of a reaction depends on the nucleophile. Once you have made an epoxide, you can make alcohols, ethers, and halohydrins, among other things.
Max Dugan Returns

***Max Dugan Returns*** is a 1983 American comedy-drama movie. It stars Jason Robards as Max Dugan, Marsha Mason as his daughter Nora, Donald Sutherland, Kiefer Sutherland, and Matthew Broderick as grandson Michael. This was the first movie appearance for both Broderick and Kiefer Sutherland. This was the last Neil Simon movie directed by Herbert Ross. It was also the last Simon movie starring Mason (Simon's wife at the time).

## Plot

Max Dugan (Robards), the long-lost father of Nora McPhee (Mason), visits her. She is having several problems. He brings some promises and the news that he is going to die soon. He also meets and makes friends with his grandson Michael (Broderick). Donald Sutherland plays the police officer who helps Nora after her car is stolen and becomes her boyfriend in the process.

Former professional baseball player Charley Lau appears as himself. His character is hired by Dugan to coach Michael to hit better for his little league team.
10th Ward of New Orleans

The **10th Ward** is a division of the city of New Orleans, Louisiana. It is one of the 17 Wards of New Orleans.

The 10th Ward is one of the city's Uptown wards, formerly the old Faubourg Lafayette annexed by New Orleans in 1850s.

## Boundaries

The roughly wedge-shaped Ward stretches back from the Mississippi River. The lower boundary is Felicity Street, across which is the 1st Ward, then Martin Luther King Boulevard (formerly Melpomene Street), across which is the 2nd Ward. The upper boundary is First Street, across which lies the 11th Ward.

## Cityscape and landmarks

Near the river the Ward includes part of the Lower Garden District and the former location of America's first experiment with large-scale public housing, started here in 1937, when, as part of the New Deal, President Roosevelt signed the loan to commence construction of the St. Thomas Housing Project. In Central City it includes the Oretha Castle Haley commercial district.

The 10th Ward has been home to such notables as jazz musicians Buddy Bolden and George Brunies.
George Washington Cable House

The **George Washington Cable House** is a cottage at 1313 8th Street in the Garden District of New Orleans, Louisiana. It was the home of George Washington Cable (1844–1925), an American novelist who wrote of Creole life, during the period in which he rose to national prominence.

He lived in this home during 1874-1884. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962.

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: George Washington Cable House
- **nrhp type**: nhl
- **image**: CableHouseLGD30Jan2008.jpg
- **caption**: In 2008
- **location**: 1313 8th St., New Orleans, Louisiana
- **locmapin**: Louisiana#USA
- **area**: less than one acre
- **built**: 1874
- **architect**: Unknown
- **architecture**: Colonial, Other
- **designated nrhp type**: December 29, 1962
- **added**: October 15, 1966
- **governing body**: Private
- **refnum**: 66000374
- **nrhp type2**: nhldcp
- **nocat**: yes
- **designated nrhp type2**: May 30, 1974
- **partof**: Garden District, New Orleans, Garden District
- **partof refnum**: 71000358
Gallier House

**Gallier House**, also known as **James Gallier, Jr., House** was the home of American architect James Gallier, Jr. in New Orleans, Louisiana. Gallier designed the house himself. It is located on Royal Street in the French Quarter section of the city.

It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.

Gallier House now houses a museum, with the interior restored and furnished in the style of the 1850s.

## Other websites

- Gallier House.

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Gallier House
- **nrhp type**: nhl
- **image**: GallierHouseBelowA.jpg
- **caption**: Gallier House (with green balcony)
- **location**: 1132 Royal St., New Orleans, Louisiana
- **locmapin**: Louisiana#USA
- **built**: 1857
- **architect**: James Gallier, Jr.
- **architecture**: Greek Revival, Italianate
- **designated nrhp type**: May 30, 1974
- **added**: February 15, 1974
- **governing body**: Private
- **refnum**: 74000932
- **nrhp type2**: nhldcp
- **nocat**: yes
- **designated nrhp type2**: December 21, 1965
- **partof**: Vieux Carre Historic District
- **partof refnum**: 66000377
Gland, Yonne

**Gland** is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

## References

- INSEE

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Gland
- **image**: PanneauGland.jpg
- **insee**: 89191
- **postal code**: 89740
- **arrondissement**: Avallon
- **canton**: Cruzy-le-Châtel
- **elevation min m**: 212
- **elevation max m**: 312
- **area km2**: 16.67
- **population**: 51
- **population date**: 2006
Grandchamp, Yonne

**Grandchamp** is a former commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Charny-Orée-de-Puisaye.

## References

- INSEE

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Grandchamp
- **image**: Grandchamp-FR-89-halle-10.JPG
- **insee**: 89192
- **postal code**: 89350
- **arrondissement**: Auxerre
- **canton**: Charny
- **commune**: Charny-Orée-de-Puisaye
- **elevation min m**: 153
- **elevation max m**: 224
- **area km2**: 28.29
- **population**: 370
- **population date**: 2006
Grimault

**Grimault** is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

## References

- INSEE

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Grimault
- **image**: Château d'Archambault, Cours, commune de Grimault (5).jpg
- **insee**: 89194
- **postal code**: 89310
- **arrondissement**: Avallon
- **canton**: Noyers
- **elevation min m**: 174
- **elevation max m**: 296
- **area km2**: 23.77
- **population**: 124
- **population date**: 2006
Gron, Yonne

**Gron** is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

## References

- INSEE

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Gron
- **image**: Gron-FR-89-mairie-02.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Gron (89).svg
- **insee**: 89195
- **postal code**: 89100
- **arrondissement**: Sens
- **canton**: Sens-Ouest
- **elevation min m**: 66
- **elevation max m**: 181
- **area km2**: 11.73
- **population**: 1308
- **population date**: 2006
Guerchy

**Guerchy** is a former commune. It is in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valravillon.

## References

- INSEE

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Guerchy
- **image**: Guerchy-FR-89-mairie-08.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Guerchy (Yonne).svg
- **insee**: 89196
- **postal code**: 89113
- **arrondissement**: Auxerre
- **canton**: Aillant-sur-Tholon
- **commune**: Valravillon
- **elevation min m**: 99
- **elevation max m**: 182
- **area km2**: 11.86
- **population**: 659
- **population date**: 2006
Guillon, Yonne

**Guillon** is a former commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Guillon-Terre-Plaine.

## References

- INSEE

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Guillon
- **image**: Guillon (Yonne) Pont 5.JPG
- **insee**: 89197
- **postal code**: 89420
- **arrondissement**: Avallon
- **canton**: Guillon
- **elevation min m**: 203
- **elevation max m**: 328
- **area km2**: 11.94
- **population**: 460
- **population date**: 2006
Gurgy

**Gurgy** is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

## References

- INSEE

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Gurgy
- **image**: Gurgy-Canal race-20131225.jpg
- **insee**: 89198
- **postal code**: 89250
- **arrondissement**: Auxerre
- **canton**: Seignelay
- **elevation min m**: 82
- **elevation max m**: 144
- **area km2**: 13.12
- **population**: 1695
- **population date**: 2006
Gy-l'Évêque

**Gy-l'Évêque** is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

## References

- INSEE

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Gy-l'Évêque
- **image**: Gy-l'Evêque - Eglise -2.JPG
- **insee**: 89199
- **postal code**: 89580
- **arrondissement**: Auxerre
- **canton**: Coulanges-la-Vineuse
- **elevation min m**: 165
- **elevation max m**: 298
- **area km2**: 15.02
- **population**: 481
- **population date**: 2006
Hauterive, Yonne

**Hauterive** is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

## References

- INSEE

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Hauterive
- **image**: Hauterive preĝejo.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Hauterive (Yonne).svg
- **insee**: 89200
- **postal code**: 89250
- **arrondissement**: Auxerre
- **canton**: Seignelay
- **elevation min m**: 88
- **elevation max m**: 156
- **area km2**: 9.56
- **population**: 429
- **population date**: 2006
Héry, Yonne

**Héry** is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

## References

- INSEE

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Héry
- **image**: 2012--DSC 0742-Eglise-de-Héry.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Héry (89).svg
- **insee**: 89201
- **postal code**: 89550
- **arrondissement**: Auxerre
- **canton**: Seignelay
- **elevation min m**: 94
- **elevation max m**: 192
- **area km2**: 21.19
- **population**: 1921
- **population date**: 2006
Irancy

**Irancy** is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

## References

- INSEE

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Irancy
- **image**: Vue du village d'Irancy en juin 2020 (cropped).JPG
- **insee**: 89202
- **postal code**: 89290
- **arrondissement**: Auxerre
- **canton**: Coulanges-la-Vineuse
- **elevation min m**: 105
- **elevation max m**: 298
- **area km2**: 11.98
- **population**: 312
- **population date**: 2006
Island, Yonne

**Island** is a commune. It is found in the Yonne department in the center of France.

## References

- INSEE

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Island
- **image**: Island-89-mairie-K08.JPG
- **insee**: 89203
- **postal code**: 89200
- **arrondissement**: Avallon
- **canton**: Avallon
- **elevation min m**: 175
- **elevation max m**: 325
- **area km2**: 20.64
- **population**: 232
- **population date**: 2006