juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Old Rauma

**Old Rauma** (, ) is a wooden city centre. It is located in the town of Rauma, Finland. It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The area of Old Rauma is about 0.3 km². It has approximately six hundred buildings (including both proper houses and smaller buildings like sheds). About 800 people live in the area.

The town of Rauma expanded outside Old Rauma only in the early 19th century. The oldest currently standing buildings were built in the 18th century, because two fires in 1640 and 1682 destroyed the town. Most buildings are currently inhabited and owned by private individuals. The two main streets and area around the town square are mainly in business use.

## Other websites

- Old Rauma as a VRML model
- Old Rauma information in English

## Infobox (world heritage site)

- **whs**: Old Rauma
- **image**: Rauma_3.jpg
- **caption**: Street in Old Rauma
- **location**: Rauma (Finland), Rauma, Finland
- **criteria**: Cultural: iv, v
- **id**: 582
- **year**: 1991
- **locmapin**: Finland
Newaygo County, Michigan

**Newaygo County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 49,978 people live here. The county seat is White Cloud.
Oceana County, Michigan

**Oceana County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 26,659 people live here. The county seat is Hart.
Ogemaw County, Michigan

**Ogemaw County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 20,770 people live here. The county seat is West Branch.
Ontonagon County, Michigan

**Ontonagon County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 5,816 people live here. The county seat is Ontonagon.
Otsego County, Michigan

**Otsego County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 25,091 people live here. The county seat is Gaylord.
Presque Isle County, Michigan

**Presque Isle County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 12,982 people live here. The county seat is Rogers City.
Roscommon County, Michigan

**Roscommon County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 23,459 people live here. The county seat is Roscommon.
Saginaw County, Michigan

**Saginaw County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 190,124 people live here. The county seat is Saginaw.
Sanilac County, Michigan

**Sanilac County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 40,611 people live here. The county seat is Sandusky.
Schoolcraft County, Michigan

**Schoolcraft County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 8,047 people live here. The county seat is Manistique.
Launched roller coaster

The **launched roller coaster** is a modern form of roller coaster. A launched coaster starts a ride with high amounts of acceleration via one or a series of linear induction motors (LIM), linear synchronous motors (LSM), catapults, tires, or mechanisms doing hydraulic or pneumatic power.
Lady Davina Windsor

**Lady Davina Windsor** (Davina Elizabeth Alice Benedikte; born 19 November 1977) is a member of the British royal family. In May 2023, she was 35th in the line of succession to the British throne. She was also known as **Lady Davina Lewis** between 2004 and 2018. She is the elder daughter of Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester and Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester. She is divorced from her former husband, Gary Lewis.

## Titles

- 19 November 1977- 31 July 2004 Lady Davina Windsor
- 31 July 2004-30 March 2018 Lady Davina Lewis
- 30 March 2018-present Lady Davina Windsor

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lady Davina Windsor
- **birth place**: St Mary's Hospital, London, England
- **family**: House of Windsor
- **children**: 2
- **father**: Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
- **mother**: Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester, Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen
- **alma mater**: University of the West of England
Héctor Méndez Alarcón

**Héctor Méndez Alarcón** (born 11 September 1959) is a Mexican politician from Hidalgo. He is with the National Action Party. Between 2000 to 2003, he served as Deputy of the LVIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Héctor Méndez Alarcón
- **birth place**: Hidalgo (state), Hidalgo, Mexico
- **nationality**: Mexican people, Mexican
- **occupation**: Politician
- **party**: National Action Party (Mexico), PAN party
Sholay

***Sholay*** is a Bollywood  movie directed by Ramesh Sippy. It was produced by his father, GP Sippy. The movie was released on 15 August 1975. The action-adventure movie is about two criminals, Veeru and Jai (played by Dharmendra and Amitabh Bachchan), who were hired by a retired police officer (Sanjeev Kumar) to catch the cruel dacoit Gabbar Singh (Amjad Khan). _Sholay_ is a classic Indian movie.  It was top of the British Film Institute's 2002 poll of "Top 10 Indian Films" of all time. In 2005, 50th Filmfare Awards named it the Best Film of 50 Years.

## Cast

- Dharmendra as Veeru
- Sanjeev Kumar as Thakur Baldev Singh
- Hema Malini as Basanti
- Amitabh Bachchan as Jai (Jaidev)
- Jaya Bhaduri as Radha, Thakur's daughter-in-law
- Amjad Khan as Gabbar Singh
- Satyen Kappu as Ramlaal, Thakur's servant
- A. K. Hangal as Rahim Chacha, the imam in the village
- Sachin as Ahmed, son of the imam
- Jagdeep as Soorma Bhopali, a comical wood trader
- Leela Mishra as Mausi, Basanti's maternal aunt
- Asrani as the Jailor, a comical character modelled after Charlie Chaplin in _The Great Dictator_
- Keshto Mukherjee as Hariram, prison barber and Jailor's side-kick
- Mac Mohan as Sambha, Gabbar Singh's sidekick
- Viju Khote as Kaalia, another of Gabbar's men whom he kills in a game of Russian roulette
- Iftekhar as Inspector Khurana, Radha's Father
- Helen in a special appearance in song "Mehbooba Mehbooba"
- Jalal Agha in a special appearance in song "Mehbooba Mehbooba"
- Raj Kishore as a jail inmate with gayish mannerisms
- Arvind Joshi as elder son of Thakur Baldev Singh
- Sharad Kumar as Ninni, younger son of Thakur Baldev Singh
- Gita Siddharth as Geeta, Arvind Joshi's wife

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Sholay
- **director**: Ramesh Sippy
- **producer**: G. P. Sippy
- **writer**: Salim–Javed
- **starring**: Dharmendra
Sanjeev Kumar
Hema Malini
Amitabh Bachchan
Jaya Bhaduri
Amjad Khan (actor), Amjad Khan
- **music**: R. D. Burman
- **cinematography**: Dwarka Divecha
- **editing**: M. S. Shinde
- **studio**: United Producers
G. P. Sippy, Sippy Films
- **distributor**: Sippy Films
- **runtime**: 204 minutes
- **country**: India
- **language**: Hindi
- **gross**:
 60million tickets
Evenks

The **Evenks** (Evenki: Ewenkī) are an ethnic group native to Northern Asia. Most of them are living in Russia (Siberia) or China (Inner Mongolia). Small number of them also live in Mongolia and Ukraine.

Evenks are a Tungusic people.  They are related to the Manchu and the Oroqen.

## Related pages

- Tungusic languages

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **native name**: Ewenkī
- **population**: 69,856
- **languages**: Evenki language, Evenki, Chinese language, Chinese, Russian language, Russian, Mongolian language, Mongolian
- **religions**: Shamanism, Orthodox Christianity, Buddhism
- **related groups**: Other Tungusic peoples
- **image**: Flag of Evenks.svg
- **image caption**: Flag of the Evenks
- **pop1**: 38,396
- **pop2**: 30,875
- **pop3**: 537
- **pop4**: 48
USS Enterprise (CVN-80)

**USS _Enterprise_ (CVN-80)** will be the third  to be built for the United States Navy. She will be the ninth United States naval vessel to bear the name, and is scheduled to be in operation by 2027. Her construction began in August 2017 with a steel-cutting ceremony.

## Naming

On 1 December 2012, during the presentation of a pre-recorded speech at the inactivation ceremony for , then-Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced that CVN-80 would be named _Enterprise_. She will be the ninth ship and the third aircraft carrier in the history of the United States Navy to bear the name. CVN-80 will also be the first American supercarrier not to be named in honor of a person since the  was commissioned in 1966. In December 2016, Mabus chose Olympic gold medalists Katie Ledecky and Simone Biles to sponsor the ship.

## Construction

CVN-80  will be built by Huntington Ingalls Industries-Newport News Shipbuilding in Newport News, Virginia. _Enterprise_ is scheduled to begin active construction around 2018 and be delivered by 2025. However, in an effort to save costs, the Congressional Research Service indicates that the Department of the Navy is reviewing the possibility of extending the length of time used to build both  and _Enterprise_ by two years. If approved, the ship would not enter service until 2027 and prevent any instance of 12 carriers being in service at any one time. The steel from CVN-65 will be recycled and used to construct CVN-80. The ship is currently scheduled to replace . The first cut of steel ceremony, marking the beginning of fabrication of the ship's components, was held on 21 August 2017, with ship's sponsors Katie Ledecky and Simone Biles present. Construction began in advance of the purchase contract and construction award, in early 2018. In the spring of 2018, a piece of steel from CVN-65 was melted down and remade into a keel plate for CVN-80.

## Related pages

- List of aircraft carriers
- List of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy
- List of ships of the United States Navy named _Enterprise_

## Other websites

- DoD press release naming CVN-80 _Enterprise_

## Infobox (ship begin)


## Infobox (ship image)

- **ship image**:
- **ship caption**: Artist's impression of the future CVN-80


## Infobox (ship career)

- **ship country**: United States
- **ship status**: Under construction
- **ship identification**: CVN-80
- **ship commissioned**: 2028 (planned)
- **ship sponsor**: Katie Ledecky and Simone Biles
- **ship launched**: 2025 (planned)
- **ship laid down**: 2020 (planned)
- **ship builder**: Huntington Ingalls Industries
- **ship awarded**: 23 May 2016
- **ship name**: _Enterprise_


## Infobox (ship characteristics)

- **ship range**: Unlimited distance; 20–25 years
- **ship aircraft facilities**: flight deck
- **ship aircraft**: More than 80, approx. up to 90 combat aircraft
- **ship armament**: *Surface-to-air missiles
*Close-in weapons systems
- **ship complement**: 4,660
- **ship speed**: In excess of
- **ship propulsion**: Four shafts
- **ship power**: Two A1B reactor, A1B nuclear reactors
- **ship displacement**: About 100,000 long tons (100,000 tonnes) (full load)
Tilehurst

**Tilehurst** is a suburb of the town of Reading in the Royal County of Berkshire, England. It is in the west of central Reading. It lies within the boundaries of The Borough of Reading and partly in the district of West Berkshire. The part within West Berkshire forms part of the civil parish of Tilehurst. It also includes the northern part of Calcot and a small rural area west of the suburb.
The Tilehurst Water Tower, built in the 1930s, towers over the suburb. In the 2011 Census, 14,604 people lived in Tilehurst.

## Notable residents[edit source]

- Bryan Adams, musician, lived in Tilehurst in the 1960s while his father was stationed in the UK
- Jacqueline Bisset, actress, grew up in Tilehurst in a 17th-century country cottage, where she now lives part of the year<sup>[_citation needed_]</sup>
- Kenneth Branagh, actor, attended Meadway School in the 1970s
- Tim Dinsdale, searcher for the Loch Ness Monster.
- Mike Oldfield, musician, grew up in Tilehurst
- Ayrton Senna, Formula 1 driver, lived on the Pottery Road estate in the 1980s
- Sir Peter Vanlore (1547-1627) bought Tilehurst Manor and lived there with his wife Lady Jacoba van Loor (daughter of Henri Thibault). Sir Peter was a well respected trader and merchant during the Elizabethan and early Stuart eras. Sir Peter was born in Uttrecht, the Netherlands. Sir Peter and his wife had several children; one of whom was Anna van Loor whom married the Dutch jeweller and lawyer, Sir Charles Caesar ( formerly Cesarini - Adelmare ).
St. Clair County, Michigan

**St. Clair County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 160,383 people live here. The county seat is Port Huron.
St. Joseph County, Michigan

**St. Joseph County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is on the border with Indiana. As of the 2020 census, 60,939 people live here. The county seat is Centreville.
American flamingo

The **American flamingo** or  **caribbean flamingo** (_Phoenicopterus ruber_) is a species of flamingo that occurs in Central America. It is related to the Greater flamingo, and the Chilean flamingo. It can also be found on the Galapagos Islands. The American flamingo's main traits are pink fur and long legs. It is also known as the **Caribbean flamingo**, although its found in the Galápagos Islands. It is the only flamingo that naturally lives in North America.
Tuscola County, Michigan

**Tuscola County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 53,323 people live here. The county seat is Caro.
Van Buren County, Michigan

**Van Buren County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 75,587 people live here. The county seat is Paw Paw.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Van Buren County
- **state**: Michigan
- **founded year**: 1829 (created)
1837 (organized)
- **seat wl**: Paw Paw
- **largest city wl**: South Haven
- **area total sq mi**: 1090
- **area land sq mi**: 607
- **area water sq mi**: 482
- **area percentage**: 44
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 75,587
- **density sq mi**: 124
- **web**: www.vanburencountymi.gov
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **named for**: Martin Van Buren
Wexford County, Michigan

**Wexford County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, 33,673 people live here. The county seat is Cadillac.
Budj Bim

**Budj Bim**, also called **Mount Eccles**, is a dormant volcano near Macarthur in southwestern Victoria, Australia. It is in the Budj Bim National Park. "Budj Bim" is a Gunditjmara name meaning "High Head". The volcano is around  high. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2019.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Budj Bim
- **other name**: Mount Eccles
- **elevation m**: 178
- **location**: Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia
- **map**: Australia Victoria
- **easiest route**: Lava Canal track
Amherst County, Virginia

**Amherst County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 31,307 people lived there. Its county seat is Amherst.
Augusta County, Virginia

**Augusta County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 77,487 people lived there. Its county seat is Staunton.
Rouilly-Saint-Loup

**Rouilly-Saint-Loup** is a commune of the Aube _département_ in the north-central part of France.
Rouvres-les-Vignes

**Rouvres-les-Vignes** is a commune of the Aube _département_ in the north-central part of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Rouvres-les-Vignes
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Rouvres-les-Vignes R02.jpg
- **arrondissement**: Bar-sur-Aube
- **canton**: Bar-sur-Aube
- **insee**: 10330
- **postal code**: 10200
- **mayor**: Michel Descharmes
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Région de Bar-sur-Aube
- **elevation m**: 251
- **area km2**: 8.28
Silverton, Texas

**Silverton** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. There were 629 people living there according to the 2020 census.
Jongmyo

**Jongmyo Shrine** is a religious building in Seoul, South Korea.  It is a Confucian royal shrine from the Joseon Dynasty.  It was built in the late 1300s, destroyed during a Japanese invasion in the 1500s, and rebuilt in the 1600s.  People still use it in modern times.

The Jongmyo Shrine holds spirit tablets, each dedicated to a specific king or queen from the Joseon Dynasty.  The Confucian way of life includes ancestor worship.  During the Joseon Dynasty, the king of Korea would go to Jongmyo to pray to earlier kings and queens.  There were also larger rites, with more people.  Some of them involved singing and dancing.  Some of these rites are still performed in modern times.

The layout of the shrine was planned very carefully to complement and work with the hills and other natural structures around it.

Jongmyo has a main shrine, called Jeongjeon.  It has a smaller shrine called Yeongnyeongjeon, or "the Hall of Eternal Peace" in English.  It also has a place specifically for the king, a storage building for ritual items, and a waiting area.  There is also a specific shrine to King Kongmin from the earlier Koryo Dynasty.  That shrine was built by the Joseon-era King Taejo.

The Jongmyo-Daejae, or "Royal Shrine Ritual" in English, was the most important rite performed at the shrine.  During the Joseon Dynasty, it was performed five times each year.  During the Japanese occupation of Korea (1910-1945), it was not performed because the Japanese did not allow it.  Since 1969, the Royal Family Association has performed the Jongmyo-Daejae once each year.  The Jongmyo-Daejae itself and the music used in the Jongmyo-Daejae were both declared Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 2001.

Jongmyo was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.
Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site

**Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks** is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Canadian Rockies. There are seven parks in the site, including four national parks:
- Banff National Park
- Jasper National Park
- Kootenay National Park
- Yoho National Park

and three British Columbia provincial parks:

- Hamber Provincial Park
- Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park
- Mount Robson Provincial Park

They became a World Heritage Site in 1984. The Burgess Shale site is also part of it, which was a World Heritage site on its own between 1980 and 1984.

## Infobox (historic site)

- **name**: Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks
- **image**: Canadian Rocky Mountain parks map.svg
- **caption**: Map of the Canadian Rocky Mountain parks
- **governing body**: Parks Canada and BC Parks
- **locmapin**: North America
- **location**: Canada
- **designation1**: World Heritage Site
- **designation1 date**: 1984 <small>(8th World Heritage Committee, session)</small>
- **designation1 type**: Natural
- **designation1 criteria**: vii, viii
- **designation1 number**: [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/304 304]
- **designation1 free1name**: State Party
- **designation1 free1value**: Canada
- **designation1 free2name**: Region
- **designation1 free2value**: List of World Heritage Sites in North America, Europe and North America
Banff National Park

**Banff National Park** () is the oldest national park in Canada. It was first started in 1885. It is in the Canadian Rockies,  west of Calgary, Alberta. The park has an area of around . The park has mountains, glaciers, and ice fields. There is also a large coniferous forest. The main town near to the park is Banff. Banff is one of the seven parks in the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site.

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Banff National Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **photo**: Moraine Lake 17092005.jpg
- **photo caption**: Moraine Lake, and the Valley of the Ten Peaks
- **map**: Alberta
- **map caption**: Location of _Banff National Park_
- **location**: Alberta's Rockies, Alberta, Canada
- **nearest town**: **Located within Banff National Park:**
Banff, Alberta, Banff
Castle Junction, Alberta, Castle Junction
Lake Louise, Alberta, Lake Louise
**Nearest town outside of Banff National Park:**
Canmore, Alberta, Canmore
- **area km2**: 6641
- **established**: 1885
- **visitation num**: 4,130,081
- **visitation year**: 2022–23
- **governing body**: Parks Canada
- **world heritage site**: [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/304 304]
Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site

**Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, National Marine Conservation Area, and Haida Heritage Site**, is in the southernmost Haida Gwaii (formerly known as Queen Charlotte Islands). It is often simply called as **Gwaii Haanas** (), It is  off the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. Gwaii Haanas is an archipelago of 138 islands. "Gwaii Haanas" means "Islands of Beauty" in . It is the language of the Haida people.

The Haida Heritage Site is part of the territory of the Haida people. They have lived in Haida Gwaii for at least 14,000 years.

In 2004, Parks Canada (on behalf of the Government of Canada) added the whole area of Gwaii Haanas to its tentative list of potential future World Heritage Sites, pending the approval of UNESCO.

## Other websites

- Official site
- World Heritage Site

## Notes

- "MacDonald, George F." _Ninstints – Haida World Heritage Site_. Vancouver: UBC Press. 1983

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site
- **photo**: Queen Charlotte Islands Map.png
- **photo caption**: Haida Gwaii Map; Gwaii Haanas is at the southern end
- **iucn category**: II
- **map caption**: Location of _Gwaii Haanas National Park_ in British Columbia
- **location**: Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada
- **nearest city**: Sandspit, British Columbia, Sandspit
- **area km2**: 1470
- **established**: 1988
- **governing body**: Gwaii Haanas Archipelago Management Board
Jasper National Park

**Jasper National Park** is a national park in Alberta, Canada. It is the largest national park of the Canadian Rockies in Alberta. Its area is around . It is to the north of Banff National Park and to the west of Edmonton. The park has glaciers of the Columbia Icefield, springs, lakes, waterfalls and mountains. It is part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site.

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Jasper National Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **photo**: Athabasca Glacier on the Columbia Icefield.jpg
- **photo alt**: Athabasca Glacier in Jasper National Park is the most accessible and visited glacier in the world.
- **photo caption**: Athabasca Glacier in Jasper National Park
- **map**: Canada Alberta
- **map caption**: Jasper Park Location
- **location**: Alberta, Canada
- **nearest town**: Hinton, Alberta, Hinton
- **area km2**: 10878
- **established**: 1907
- **visitation num**: 2,415,463
- **visitation year**: 2022–23
- **governing body**: Parks Canada
- **world heritage site**: [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/304 304]
Echo sounding

**Echo sounding** is a way to measure the depth of water. This is done by sending out sound waves, and measuring how long it takes for the echo of the sound to come back. The speed of sound in the water is known, so the depth can be calculated. It is a kind of sonar. Note that the word sounding is used for all kinds of technologies, even though some do not use sound. Before echo sounding was used (in the early 20th century), sounding lines were lowered into the water to measure the depth.

The sound reflects off the seafloor and returns to the transducer. The time the sound takes to travel to the bottom and back is used to calculate the distance to the seafloor. Water depth is estimated by using the speed of sound through the water (approximately 1,500 meters per second). The product is divided by two because the measured time is the round-trip time (from the transducer to the seafloor and back to the transducer). The faster the sound pulses return to the transducer from the ocean floor, the shallower the water depth is and the higher the elevation of the sea floor. The sound pulses are sent out regularly as the ship moves along the surface, which produces a line showing the depth of the ocean beneath the ship. This continuous depth data is used to create bathymetry maps of the survey area.
Clyde, Texas

**Clyde** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Aledo, Texas

**Aledo** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. There were 4,858 people living in the area according to the 2020 census.
DeCordova, Texas

**DeCordova** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Lipan, Texas

**Lipan** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. There were 505 people living in the area according to the 2020 census.
Annetta South, Texas

**Annetta South** is a town in the U.S. state of Texas.
Fairview, Texas

**Fairview** is a town in the U.S. state of Texas.
Kootenay National Park

**Kootenay National Park** is a national park in southeastern British Columbia. The park has an area of  in the Canadian Rockies. Some of the Kootenay River and all of the Vermilion River are in the park. The park is part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site.

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Kootenay National Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **photo**: Kootenay National Park Kootenay River.JPG
- **photo caption**: Vermilion River
- **map**: British Columbia geo
- **map caption**: Location of _Kootenay_ National Park
- **location**: British Columbia, Canada
- **area km2**: 1406
- **established**: 1920
- **governing body**: Parks Canada
- **world heritage site**: [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/304 304]
Sounding line

A **sounding line** is a way to measure the depth, usually inside a body of water.  The basic concept is that of a weight attached to a long rope.
Structural violence

**Structural violence** is when a social structure or social institution hurts people by preventing them from getting their basic needs.

Unlike physical violence, there is no bloodshed and is not very obvious. However, people are still hurt and structural violence is tied to physical violence in a lot of ways.

## Causes and effects

A lot of social institutions are run by people who come from the advantaged classes. They want to make the social structures work for them so they make it hard for disadvantaged groups to live in society.
Yoho National Park

**Yoho National Park** is a national park in British Columbia, Canada. It is in the Canadian Rockies. The park has large ice fields and mountains, as well as many waterfalls. The name "Yoho" comes from a Cree word that is said in awe, probably because of the beauty of the area. It is to the north of the Kootenay National Park and to the west of the Banff National Park in Alberta. The park is part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site.

## Mountains

- Mount Goodsir
- Mount Vaux
- Mount Balfour
- Chancellor Peak
- Mount Stephen  is the tallest of the four mountains that are next to the town of Field, British Columbia. A part of the Burgess Shale fossils were found on Mount Stephen.
- Cathedral Mountain
- The President
- Odaray Mountain
- The Vice President
- Wapta Mountain
- Mount Field
- Mount Burgess  is an often climbed mountain. For 17 years, it was featured on the Canadian ten-dollar bill.
- Paget Peak

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Yoho National Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **photo**: Takakkaw Falls.jpg
- **photo caption**: Takakkaw Falls
- **photo width**: 220
- **map**: British Columbia geo
- **map caption**: Location of _Yoho_ National Park
- **map width**: 240
- **location**: British Columbia, Canada
- **nearest city**: Golden, British Columbia, Golden
- **area km2**: 1313
- **established**: October 10, 1886
- **governing body**: Parks Canada
- **world heritage site**: [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/304 304]
Arizona's 2nd congressional district

**Arizona's 2nd congressional district** is a congressional district in southeast Arizona. It is one of 9 districts in Arizona and 435 in the USA. It is represented in the House of Representatives by Democrat Ann Kirkpatrick, and includes the city of Tucson. It has a CPVI of R+1.

## Voting

|colspan="3"|Election results from presidential races||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Year|Office|Results|||
||2000|President|align="right"|Gore 56 - 41%|
||2004|President|align="right"|Bush 61 - 38%|
||2008|President|align="right"|McCain 61 - 38%|
||2012|President|align="right"|Romney 50 - 48%|
||2016|President|align="right"|Clinton 50 - 45%|
||2020|President|align="right"|Biden 55 - 44%|
Arizona's 3rd congressional district

**Arizona's 3rd congressional district** is a district in southwestern Arizona. It is one of 9 districts in Arizona and one of 435 in the US. It has a CPVI of D+13, and is represented by Ruben Gallego.

## Voting

|colspan="3"|Election results from presidential races||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Year|Office|Results|||
||2000|President|align="right"|Bush 54 - 43%|
||2004|President|align="right"|Bush 58 - 41%|
||2008|President|align="right"|McCain 57 - 42%|
||2012|President|align="right"|Obama 61 - 38%|
||2016|President|align="right"|Clinton 62 - 33%|
||2020|President|align="right"|Biden 63 - 36%|

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: Arizona
- **district number**: 3
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
- **representative**: Ruben Gallego
- **party**: Democratic
- **residence**: Phoenix
- **percent urban**: 99.9
- **percent rural**: 0.05
- **population**: 814,391
- **population year**: 2023
- **median income**: $68,989
- **percent white**: 19.6
- **percent hispanic**: 62.6
- **percent black**: 10.1
- **percent asian**: 2.6
- **percent native american**: 2.0
- **percent more than one race**: 2.5
- **percent other race**: 0.5
- **cpvi**: D+24
Hamber Provincial Park

**Hamber Provincial Park** is a provincial park in British Columbia. It is next to Jasper National Park and the border with Alberta. It has an area of about . It is part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site. The Trans-Canada Highway was built a different way to make sure it didn't go through the park.

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Hamber Provincial Park
- **photo**: Fortresslake.jpg
- **photo caption**: Fortress Lake and Chisel Peak (Canada), Chisel Peak
- **map**: British Columbia
- **map caption**: Location of _Hamber Provincial Park_ in British Columbia
- **location**: British Columbia/Alberta, Canada
- **nearest city**: Mica Creek and Jasper
- **area**: 240 km²
- **established**: September 16, 1941
- **governing body**: BC Parks
- **world heritage site**: [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/304 304]
Mukden Palace

The **Mukden Palace** (), also known as the **Shenyang Imperial Palace** (), was a former imperial palace for the emperor of the  Qing dynasty. It became part of UNESCO World Heritage List in 2004. It was added to the Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Forbidden City, Beijing.

It was built in 1625 for the early Qing dynasty who was ruled by the Manchu. China's first three Qing emperors lived there between 1625 to 1644. After the fall of dynasties in China, the place was turned into a museum. It is at the center of Shenyang, Liaoning.

## Gallery

Some items that are inside the place:

## Other websites

- English-language official website

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **child**: yes
- **official name**: The Imperial Palace of the Qing Dynasty in Shenyang
- **part of**: Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang
- **id**: 439bis-002
- **year**: 1987
- **extension**: 2004
- **criteria**: Cultural: i, ii, iii, iv


## Infobox (historic site)

- **embed**: yes
- **area**: 6 hectares
- **built**: 1625, 1631, 1780
- **architect**: Nurhachi, Hong Taiji, Qianlong Emperor
- **architecture**: Chinese architecture
- **website**: (English language version)
 (Chinese language version)


## Infobox (museum)

- **visitors**: 1.6 million
- **name**: Shenyang Imperial Palace Museum

- **established**: 1955
- **type**: Art museum, Imperial Palace, Historic site
- **image**: Dazheng Hall 070314.jpg
- **caption**: Dazheng Hall, the earliest building in the palace
- **location**: No. 171, Shenyang Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning
- **curator**: Bin Wu
Terrestrial television

**Terrestrial television** is a type of television broadcasting where the television signal is sent by radio waves from a transmitter on the land. In North America, it is usually called **over-the-air television** (**OTA**). This type of TV is different to newer types such as satellite, cable, and IPTV.

TV is broadcast between 52 and 600 MHz in the VHF and UHF radio bands. This can be sent in digital or the older analog format. Many countries switched (or are switching) to digital and turned off the analog signals.
Human eye

The human eye is a spherical structure that helps us to see the objects .The human eye is an organ that reacts to light in many circumstances. As a conscious sense organ the human eye allows vision; rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision, including color differentiation and the perception of depth.The eye receives oxygen through the aqueous. Its function is to nourish the cornea, iris, and lens by carrying nutrients, it removes waste products excreted from the lens, and maintain intraocular pressure and thus maintains the shape of the eye. This gives the eye its shape. It must be clear to function properly.
the front part (what you see in the mirror) includes:
- Iris: the colored part.
- Cornea: a clear dome over the iris.
- Pupil: the black circular opening in the iris that lets light in.
- Sclera: the white of your eye.
- Conjunctiva: a thin layer of tissue that covers the entire front of your eye, except for the cornea.
How does the  human eye actually work ?
The lens focuses light through the vitreous humor, a clear gel-like substance that fills the back of the eye and supports the retina. The retina receives the image that the cornea focuses through the eye's internal lens and transforms this image into electrical impulses that are carried by the optic nerve to the brain.
Shinichi Oishi

**Shinichi Oishi** is a Japanese mathematician at Waseda University. He is also the director of Japan Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics and Japan Society for Simulation Technology.

## Research

Oishi has done many studies in numerical analysis and their branches:
- Validated numerics
- Numerical linear algebra
- Optimization
- Numerical integration
- Numerical methods for partial differential equations

## Career

|Year|Notes|
| --- | --- |
|Since 1980|Teacher at Waseda University|
|1990|Received the Azusa Ono Memorial Award (:ja:小野梓記念賞)|
|1993, 1995 and 1997|Best Paper Award from the IEICE (The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers)|
|Since 2011|Visiting professor at the Pierre and Marie Curie University, France|
|2012|Received the Medal with Purple Ribbon by the government|
|2019 - 2023|ICIAM 2023 director|
|2020|:en:Person of Cultural Merit|

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Shinichi Oishi
- **birth date**: 1953
- **field**: Numerical analysis
Information theory
Electrical circuit
- **known for**: Validated numerics
- **workplaces**: Waseda University
- **alma mater**: Waseda University
Deadline - U.S.A.

***Deadline - U.S.A.*** is a 1952 American crime drama movie directed by Richard Brooks and starring Humphrey Bogart, Ethel Barrymore, Kim Hunter, Ed Begley, Warren Stevens, Martin Gabel, James Dean, Fay Baker. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Les Misérables (1998 movie)

***Les Misérables*** is a 1998 British German American romantic drama movie directed by Bille August and is based on the 1862 novel of the same name by Victor Hugo. It stars Geoffrey Rush, Liam Neeson, Uma Thurman, Claire Danes, Patsy Byrne, Ralph Nossek, Kathleen Byron, Hans Matheson, John McGlynn.
Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter

**Anne of York** (10 August, 1439 – 1476) was a member of the House of York in England, a branch of the English Royal Family. She was the second and eldest surviving daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Duchess of York.
Stephenson 2-18

**Stephenson 2-18** (St2-18, also known as **Stephenson 2 DFK 1** and **RSGC2-18)** is a red supergiant (RSG) or red hypergiant (RHG) star. It is close to, and a possible member of, the open cluster Stephenson 2. It is about 6,000 parsecs (20,000 ly) away from Earth in the constellation of Scutum and is one of the largest known stars.

It is also possibly one of the most luminous of its type, if it is a member of the cluster. It is estimated to have a radius of 2,150 times that of the Sun, and a volume 10 billion times that of the Sun, however these parameters are unreliable and it is likely not a member of Stephenson 2.

This star has a spectral type of M6, which is pretty unusual for a supergiant star (below the Hayashi limit) and corresponds to its cool temperature of 3,200 Kelvin.

The clear single image of stephenson 2-18 was first taken in the year 2007 using 2MASS All-Sky Survey camera from Cerro Tololo Inter-American observatory in Chile.
Qeysar (movie)

***Qeysar*** (, meaning "Caesar") is a 1969 Iranian crime drama movie directed by Masoud Kimiai and starring Behrouz Vossoughi, Pouri Banai, Nasser Malekmotei, Jamshid Mashayekhi, Bahman Mofid.
Genopole

**Genopole** is a biocluster in France for biotherapies, research in genetics, genomics, post-genomics and for biotechnology companies. It is located in Évry-Courcouronnes.

In 2018, the Genopole has 17 academic research laboratories, 87 biotechnology companies, as well as 20 scientific platforms shared with the University of Évry Val d'Essonne.

## Further reading

- Official website
Indiana Dunes National Park

**Indiana Dunes National Park** is a national park in Indiana, United States. **Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore** is known for its beautiful beaches.

More than 3.5 million people visit a sandy, hilly area called Indiana Dunes each year. It sits along the shores of Lake Michigan, about  southeast of Chicago. Visitors to the area swim and sail on the lake. They watch birds in the wetlands. They study plant life in the forests of oak and maple trees. Now, the 6,000-hectare site is the newest national park, and also 61st national park in the United States. It became Indiana Dunes National Park on February 15, 2019.

## A name change

The park used to be known as Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, managed by National Park service. The related act in February, 2019 did not influence finance and the area of the park at all. It changed the name from Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore into Indiana Dunes National Park. It does, however, give the area the same recognition as more well-known national parks like Yellowstone and Yosemite.

## Ecology

The park is one of the most ecologically mixed places in North America. Indiana Dunes has about 1,500 different kinds of plants.

The Dunes are also along a major migration path, and birdwatching is a big reason visitors come to Indiana Dunes each year. The area is home to more than 300 species of birds. The birds include waterbirds such as loons and herons, as well as birds of prey like bald eagles and hawks. Several species of songbirds also live there.

## Maple sugar

In winter season, people living near by or visitors enjoy collecting sap from maple trees in the park in order to make maple syrup. Sap is a liquid containing sugar inside the trees. People can get sap by making a small hole in a tree. Maple tree sap was historically collected by local American Indians, pioneers and early residents of a farm.

A Maple Sugar Time festival is held in March every year. visitors can learn how American Indians first boiled maple sap into sugar, and how early settlers used large iron kettles to make syrup. Pure maple syrup and sugar, and related products like maple-flavored popcorn and maple water, are for sale.

## References

- Indiana Dunes Is America’s Newest National Park - a program on VOA Special English

## Related pages

- National park

## Other websites

- Indiana Dunes national Park at U.S. National Park Service
Tilehurst Water Tower

**Tilehurst Water Tower**, also known as **Park Lane Water Tower**, is a distinctive water tower in Tilehurst was erected by Reading Borough Council in 1932. It is estimated to hold approximate 900,000 litres of water.

It is considered to be a local landmark. It was built in addition to the Bath Road Reservoir. They are made to supply water to properties at a higher level than the earlier water tower. It is still in use and is owned by  Thames Water plc. It has the transmitter for a local radio station called The Breeze.
Qallin

**Qallin** is a city in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. It is mainly an agricultural city.
Imtiaz Ali 'Arshi'

**Imtiaz Ali** _Arshi_ (8 December 1904 – 25 February 1981) was an Indian researcher and scholar. He is best known for his works for Mirza Ghalib. He wrote Ghalib, _Maktiba-e-Ghalib_ (1937), _Intikhab-e-Ghalib_ (1943). He also created his own version of Ghalib's _Diwan_ called _Nuskha-e-Arshi_ published in 1958. Arshi the winner of the 1961 Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu for the _Diwan_.

_Nuskha-Arshi_ is cited by Urdu scholar, Gopi Chand Narang. He tried to do the most complete early attempt to publish Ghalib's ghazals in a chronological manner. It allows for a study of the evolution in the poet's themes and techniques.

According to Narang, Arshi's _Diwan_ was the main source for the study of Ghalib's work until a more complete and chronologically correct. _Diwan'-e-Raza_ was published by Kalidas Gupta Riza in 1995.
Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park

**Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park** is a provincial park in British Columbia. It is around Mount Assiniboine. It is part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site. It is  southwest of Banff, Alberta.

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **photo**: Assiniboine Star Light (5019480602).jpg
- **photo caption**: Lake Magog and Mount Assiniboine in evening twilight
- **location**: British Columbia,  Canada
- **nearest city**: Banff, Alberta, Banff,  Alberta
- **area**: 39,050 Hectare, ha
- **established**: 1922
- **governing body**: Provincial
- **world heritage site**: Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks
- **map**: British Columbia
Mount Robson Provincial Park

**Mount Robson Provincial Park** is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is in the Canadian Rockies. It has an area of about . It is next to the Jasper National Park in Alberta. It is next to Mount Robson. The park is part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site. It is the second-oldest provincial park in British Columbia.

Berg Lake is located near the tip of the mountain, a striking turquoise body of water ringed by cliffs, ancient glaciers, and old-growth forest.

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Mount Robson Provincial Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **photo**: Berg Lake Canadian Rockies.jpg
- **photo caption**: Mt. Robson's north face, Berg and Mist glaciers calving into Berg Lake
- **map**: Canada British Columbia
- **relief**: yes
- **map width**: 240
- **map caption**: Location of _Mount Robson Provincial Park_ in Canada
- **location**: British Columbia, Canada
- **nearest city**: Valemount, British Columbia, Valemount, Jasper, Alberta, Jasper
- **area km2**: 2249
- **established**: 1913
- **governing body**: BC Parks
Gros Morne National Park

**Gros Morne National Park** is a national park on the west coast of Newfoundland, Canada. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987. It has been a national park since 2005, and a national reserve since 1973. It has an area of , making it the second largest national park in Atlantic Canada. The park takes its name from a mountain in the area. Its name means "large mountain standing alone" in French.

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **child**: yes
- **id**: 419
- **year**: 1987
- **criteria**: Natural: vii, viii


## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Gros Morne National Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **photo**: NLW GrosMorne4 tango7174.jpg
- **photo caption**: The Tablelands in Gros Morne National Park
- **map**: Canada
- **map caption**: Location of _Gros Morne National Park_
- **location**: Rocky Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- **area km2**: 1805
- **established**: 1973
- **governing body**: Parks Canada
Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes

- _This article is about the World Heritage Site.  For the island itself, see Jeju Island._
**Jeju Volcanic Island and lava tubes** are located off the coast of South Korea.  They are in Jeju Province.  Jeju has Mount Halla, a shield volcano located over a volcanic hotspot with many parasitic volcanoes, called oreums, around it.  According to UNESCO, the Geomunoreum lava caves are "the finest lava tube system of caves anywhere." UNESCO named Jeju Volcanic Island a Biosphere Reserve in 2002, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007, and a Global Geopark in 2010. It is the only island in the world with three UNESCO designations.

Jeju Volcanic Island started to form 1.8 million years ago when the volcano was still active.

According to UNESCO, the three important things that make Jeju Volcanic Island and lava caves a World Heritage site are the Geomonoreum lava cages, Seongsang Ilchulbong, and Hallasan.

The Geomunoreum lava caves are covered in many-colored carbonate deposits on the roof and floor.  They formed about 300,000 years ago when magma from the Geomonoreum parasitic volcano cooled.

The Seongsan Ilchulbong tuff cone rises straight out of the ocean.  It formed between 50,000 and 120,000 years ago from underwater volcanic activity.  It is 180 meters tall.  Because it is surrounded by cliffs and sharp rocks, many people think it looks like a fortress.

Hallasan, or Mount Halla, also called Yeongjusan Mountain, is Korea's tallest mountain, 1950 meters.  It has not been an active volcano for 1000 years.  It has many rock formations, a crater lake full of islands, and many cliffs and waterfalls. Over 1800 types of plants live on the mountain and 4000 types of animals, including 3300 species of insects.

Other parts of Jeju Volcanic Island are considered important by the government of South Korea but not UNESCO.  For example, Bijarim Forest, which is on Mount Halla, is Natural Monument No. 374.

Jeju Volcanic Island is a popular tourist destination in South Korea, with 14.4 million visitors in 2019 alone.  Environmentalists say they make 20,000 tons of garbage each year.  Environmentalists and scientists have said that the government has cut down too much of Jeju's forests to make roads, buildings, resorts and golf courses for visitors.  In 2020, environmentalists protested plans to build a second airport on the island.  Among other problems, this airport would need a road through Bijarim Forest.  This is a forest of nutmeg trees, some of them 800 years old.  It is the only place in the world where nutmeg trees grow so closely together.

In 2008, Jeju Volcanic Island and Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park became sister parks.
Old Quebec

**Old Quebec** () is the oldest neighbourhood in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. There are two parts: the Upper Town () and the Lower Town (). It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985. People often call Old Quebec the **Old City** in English. In French, it is often called the **Latin Quarter** ().

## Infobox (settlement)

- **image skyline**: Vieux-Québec, Québec city, Canadá 007.jpg
- **caption**: View of Old Quebec from Lower Town. Château Frontenac is visible at the top
- **image map**: https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0300_0017-750-0-20151104111017.jpg
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Quebec
- **subdivision type2**: City
- **subdivision name2**: Quebec City
- **subdivision type3**: Borough
- **subdivision name3**: La Cité-Limoilou
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Eastern
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4