juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Royal Rumble (2017)

**Royal Rumble (2017)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming show made by WWE. It took place on January 29, 2017 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. It was the thirtieth Royal Rumble event held by WWE, the second to take place at the Alamodome and the fourth to take place in Texas.

Eight matches were performed at the event. The most important match was the Royal Rumble match. Randy Orton won it by last eliminating Roman Reigns for a world championship match at WrestleMania 33. This made Orton a two-time Royal Rumble match winner. Tye Dillinger also wrestled on WWE's main roster for the first time in the Royal Rumble match. John Cena beat WWE Champion AJ Styles in another important match that was for the title. That was the 13th time Cena won the title (which is a record) and the 16th time he won a world championship. That meant he tied Ric Flair's record as listed by WWE.

### Royal Rumble match entrances and eliminations

- – Raw
- – SmackDown
- – NXT
- – Unassigned
- – Winner

|Draw|Entrant|Brand|Elimination Order|Eliminated by|Time|Elimination(s)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Raw||Braun Strowman|||
|||Raw||Roman Reigns|||
|||SmackDown||Braun Strowman|||
|||SmackDown|||||
|||Raw||Mark Henry|||
|||Raw||Braun Strowman|||
|||Raw||Baron Corbin|||
|||Raw||The Undertaker|||
|||Raw||Braun Strowman|||
|||NXT||Braun Strowman|||
|||SmackDown||Braun Strowman|||
|||SmackDown||Brock Lesnar|||
|||SmackDown||The Undertaker|||
|||Raw||Cesaro|||
|||SmackDown||The Undertaker|||
|||Raw||Chris Jericho|||
|||Raw||Sheamus and Cesaro|||
|||Raw||Goldberg|||
|||Raw||Chris Jericho|||
|||Raw||Sheamus|||
|||SmackDown||Roman Reigns|||
|||SmackDown||Luke Harper|||
|****|****|**SmackDown**|****|**Winner**|****|****|
|||SmackDown||Brock Lesnar|||
|||SmackDown||Goldberg|||
|||Raw||Goldberg|||
|||Raw||Brock Lesnar|||
|||Raw||The Undertaker|||
|||Unassigned||Roman Reigns|||
|||Raw||Randy Orton|||

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Royal Rumble (2017)
- **tagline**: Remember the Rumble
- **promotion**: WWE
- **brand**: Raw (WWE brand), Raw
SmackDown
- **date**: January 29, 2017
- **attendance**: 52,020
- **venue**: Alamodome
- **city**: San Antonio, Texas
- **event**: Royal Rumble
- **lastevent2**: Royal Rumble (2016)
- **nextevent2**: Royal Rumble (2018)
- **lastevent**: NXT TakeOver: San Antonio
- **nextevent**: Elimination Chamber (2017)
WrestleMania 33

**WrestleMania 33** was the thirty-third yearly WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and WWE Network livestreaming event made by WWE. It took place on April 2, 2017 at the Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. It was the second WrestleMania held at the stadium and the third held in Florida. The New Day (Big E, Kofi Kingston, and Xavier Woods) hosted the event. WWE said it was attended by 75,245 people.

Thirteen matches took place at the event, including three on the Kickoff pre-show. For the first time since WrestleMania 29 in 2013, two world championship matches happened: one for Raw's Universal Championship and one for SmackDown's WWE Championship. In the main event, Roman Reigns defeated The Undertaker in a No Holds Barred match, meaning Undertaker lost for the second time at WrestleMania. Brock Lesnar defeated Goldberg to win the Universal Championship,  becoming the first wrestler to win both the WWE and Universal titles. In the main match from SmackDown, Randy Orton defeated Bray Wyatt to win his ninth WWE Championship. The event also featured the surprise return of The Hardy Boyz (Jeff and Matt Hardy), who won the Raw Tag Team Championship.

### Raw Women's Championship Fatal 4-Way match eliminations

|Eliminated|Wrestler|Eliminated by|Method|Time|Ref.||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Nia Jax|Bayley, Charlotte Flair and Sasha Banks|Pinfall|4:15|rowspan="4"||
|2|Sasha Banks|Charlotte Flair|Pinfall|8:30|||
|3|Charlotte Flair|Bayley|Pinfall|12:45|||
|**Winner**|**Bayley (c)**|colspan=3|||||

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: WrestleMania 33
- **image**: WrestleMania 33 (33761042576).jpg
- **caption**: The WrestleMania 33 set
- **tagline**: "The Ultimate Thrill Ride"
- **promotion**: WWE
- **brand**: WWE Raw, Raw
SmackDown
- **date**: April 2, 2017
- **venue**: Camping World Stadium
- **attendance**: 75,245 (according to WWE)
- **city**: Orlando, Florida
- **event**: WrestleMania
- **lastevent2**: WrestleMania 32
- **nextevent2**: WrestleMania 34
- **lastevent**: NXT TakeOver: Orlando
- **nextevent**: Payback (2017)
Maryland Toleration Act

The **Maryland Toleration Act** was a law passed in the U.S. colony of Maryland in 1649 that protected Christians from fights and discrimination. This mostly applied to Catholics and Protestants. It was an important step to religious freedom for the colonies.
Xiluodu Dam

The **Xiluodu Dam** is a hydroelectric dam on the Yangtze River in China. It is near the town of Xiluohu in Yunnan Province. One of the largest of its kind in the world, construction began in 2005 and the dam was put into use in 2013.
Bertram Kostant

**Bertram Kostant** (May 24, 1928 – February 2, 2017) was an American mathematician. He was known for his works in Kostant partition function and Kostant–Parthasarathy–Ranga Rao–Varadarajan determinants. In 2016, he won the Wigner Medal. He worked at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at the University of California, Berkeley.

Kostant was born in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at the University of Chicago.

Kostant died at a rehabilitation center in Roslindale, Massachusetts on February 2, 2017 from stroke complications, aged 88.
Jiří Lanský

**Jiří Lanský** (17 September 1933 – 14 February 2017) was a Czech high jumper. He won silver medals at the 1954 and 1958 European Championships. He finished seventh at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Lanský died in Prague, Czech Republic on 14 February 2017, aged 83.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **image**: Jiří Lanský, Richard Dahl, Stig Pettersson 1958.jpg
- **caption**: Jiří Lanský (left) at the 1958 European Championships
- **birth date**: 17 September 1933
- **birth place**: Prague, Czechoslovakia
- **death place**: Prague, Czech Republic
- **sport**: Athletics
- **event**: High jump
- **club**: Bohemians Praha
- **pb**: 2.10 (1958)
- **show-medals**: yes
Suthan Suthersan

**Suthan Suthersan** (10 June 1956 – 20 February 2017) was a Sri Lankan-American environmental engineer. He served as the Chief Technical Officer and Executive Vice President of Arcadis North America.

Suthersan was born in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. He studied at the University of Peradeniya and at the University of Toronto.

Suthersan died on 20 February 2017 in Hopewell Township, New Jersey, aged 60.

## Other websites

- Suthan Suthersan: A Journey from Jaffna  (Dr. Suthersan's Blog)
- Arcadis Mourns Loss of Chief Technical Officer Dr. Suthan S. Suthersan
- NGWA mourns passing of Suthan Suthersan
Peter A. Diamond

**Peter Arthur Diamond** (born April 29, 1940) is an American economist. Diamond is known for his analysis of U.S. Social Security policy and his work as an advisor to the Advisory Council on Social Security in the late 1980s and 1990s.

He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2010, along with Dale T. Mortensen and Christopher A. Pissarides. He won the Prize for studying what happens when trading in markets is difficult. For example, because buyers and sellers need to find another before they can trade.

He is an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. On June 6, 2011 he withdrew his nomination to serve on the Federal Reserve’s board of governors, citing intractable Republican opposition for 14 months.

## Other websites

- Peter A. Diamond  at MIT
- Unemployment, Vacancies, Wages 2010 lecture at NobelPrize.org
- An interview with Peter A. Diamond , July 12, 2006
- Documentary films on Peter A. Diamond, with critiques of his work, as part of the Nobel Perspectives project

## Infobox (scientist)

- **image**: Nobel Prize 2010-Press Conference KVA-DSC 7351.jpg
- **birth name**: Peter Arthur Diamond
- **birth place**: New York City, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **workplaces**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT
University of California, Berkeley
- **field**: Political economics, welfare economics, behavioral economics
- **alma mater**: MIT
Yale University
- **doctoral advisor**: Robert Solow
- **doctoral students**: Martin Hellwig
David K. Levine
Andrei Shleifer
Emmanuel Saez
- **spouse**: Priscilla "Kate" Myrick
- **prizes**: Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2010)
Oliver E. Williamson

**Oliver Eaton Williamson** (September 27, 1932 – May 21, 2020) is an American economist. He was a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He was a laureate of the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

Williamson died on May 21, 2020 in Oakland, California of pneumonia-related problems at the age of 87.

## Other websites

- Oliver E. Williamson  at University of California, Berkeley
- Transaction Cost Economics: The Natural Progression, 2009 lecture at NobelPrize.org
- Profile and Papers at Research Papers in Economics/RePEc

## Infobox (scientist)

- **birth name**: Oliver Eaton Williamson
- **image**: Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-42.jpg
- **birth place**: Superior, Wisconsin, U.S.
- **death place**: Oakland, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States
- **field**: Microeconomics
- **alma mater**: Carnegie Mellon University, Carnegie Mellon, <small>(Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D. 1963)</small>
Stanford University, Stanford, <small>(Master of Business Administration, MBA 1960)</small>
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, <small>(Bachelor of Sciences, B.Sc 1955)</small>
- **influences**: Chester Barnard
Ronald Coase
Richard Cyert
Ian Roderick Macneil
Herbert A. Simon
John R. Commons
- **influenced**: Paul L. Joskow
- **awards**: John von Neumann Award (1999)
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2009)
- **prizes**: Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2009)
Tania Dalton

**Tania Dalton** (née **Nicolson**; 26 November 1971 – 1 March 2017) was a New Zealand international netball player. She was part of the  2003 Netball World Championships winning Silver Ferns squad. She made 12 caps for the Silver Ferns in total, playing in the positions of goal shooter (GS) and goal attack (GA).

## Career

Dalton was a member of the New Zealand national netball team, the Silver Ferns from 1996–2004 and 2006–07; she was also named in 2005 but was forced out through injury. She played domestic netball for the Northern Force from 1998 until 2000, and the championship-winning Southern Sting from 2002–2006.

## Retirement

After retiring from playing professional netball, she worked as a netball commentator on SKY Sports for international tests, the ANZ Championship and National Championships, alongside former internationals Anna Stanley, Natalie Avellino, Kathryn Harby-Williams and Bernice Mene.

Dalton is also a part owner of the franchise food outlet chain, Pita Pit New Zealand Limited.

## Death

Dalton collapsed on 23 February 2017 while playing a regular game of social touch rugby in her home town of Takapuna, Auckland. She was running at the time and was not injured in the game. She was immediately hospitalised in a critical condition with a ruptured internal carotid artery aneurysm. On 28 February 2017, her family turned off her life support. She died the next day, on 1 March, at the age of 45.
Preben Hertoft

**Preben Hertoft** (5 January 1928 – February 2017) was a Danish psychiatrist and professor in medical sexology, senior doctorate in medicine.

Hertoft worked over 40 years as a sexologist doing research, treatment, counseling and education.

In 1986, he founded the first medical centre for sexology in Denmark. Most of the time he had heterosexual and homosexual patients with sexual problems in therapy, but he also treated and counselled transvestites and pedophiles.

## Other websites

- The Society for the Scientific Study of Sex
Eugene Garfield

**Eugene Garfield** (September 16, 1925 – February 26, 2017) was an American linguist and businessman, one of the founders of bibliometrics and scientometrics. Garfield's work led to the development of several Information Retrieval algorithms, like HITS and Pagerank.

Garfield was born in New York City. He studied at the University of Pennsylvania. Garfield died on February 26, 2017 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from a heart attack, aged 91.

## Biography

Garfield was born in 1925 in New York City as Eugene Eli Garfinkle, and was raised in a Lithuanian-Italian Jewish family.

He studied at the University of Colorado and University of California, Berkeley before getting a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from Columbia University in 1949. Garfield also received a degree in Library Science from Columbia University in 1953.

Working as a laboratory assistant at Columbia University after his graduation, Garfield indexed all previously synthesized compounds so that not to remake them, which helped him understand that his inclination to information towards science was bigger than towards chemistry.

In 1951, he got a position at the Welch Medical Library at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, where most of the National Library of Medicine information systems were developed.

In 1956, Garfield founded the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), which was located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ISI formed a major part of the science division of Thomson Reuters.

## Personal life

Garfield is survived by a wife, three sons, a daughter, a step-daughter, two granddaughters, and two great-grandchildren.

## Other websites

- Eugene Garfield's home page
- Eugene Garfield tells his life story (video)

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Eugene Garfield
- **thesis year**: 1961
- **thesis url**: http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/papers/thesis.pdf
- **thesis title**: An algorithm for translating chemical names to molecular formulas
- **death place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- **birth name**: Eugene Eli Garfinkle
- **birth place**: New York City, New York
- **caption**: Eugene Garfield at the Heritage Day awards in 2007
- **image**: Eugene Garfield HD2007 Richard J. Bolte Sr. Award.TIF
Deaths in March 2017

The following is a list of **notable deaths in March 2017**. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months".  Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.

- Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, nationality, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and most importantly a source.
__TOC__
Data matrix

**Data matrix** is an invention of a two-dimensional barcode.

The coded information can be text or numbers. It is read by a barcode reader.

Error correction codes are often used to increase reliability. Even if one or more cells are damaged, the message can still be read. A data matrix symbol can store up to 2,335 alphanumeric characters.
Beta ferrite

**Beta ferrite** is ferrite that is paramegnetic instead of ferromagnetic, heated to a temperature of above 771°C.

β-Fe may refer to an unproven to exist fifth allotrope of iron, only produced once in Uppsala University. Iron was compressed to 35-40 GPa then heated to 1500°K and scanned. The result was never reproduced.
Robin Stenuit

**Robin Stenuit** (born June 16, 1990 in Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve) is a Belgian road bicycle racer. His speciality is sprinting.

Participating in professional teams since 2011, Stenuit has been riding for Wanty-Groupe Gobert since 2016.

He achieved several victories, among others the Grand Prix de la ville de Nogent-sur-Oise and the Memorial Van Coningsloo, both in 2015.

## References

- French Wikipedia

## Other websites

- www.procyclingstats.com
Bloomery

A **bloomery** is a type of furnace that was once widely used for smelting oxides. Bloomeries were the first smelters that could smelt iron.

The result of using a bloomery is a mass of iron and slag called a bloom. This is called sponge iron, because it is porous like a sponge. Sponge iron is usually refined into wrought iron.

Bloomeries are no longer used in smelting because blast furnaces are better.

## History

Humans first began to use iron around 1200 BC.

People were using bloomeries in Sub-Saharan Africa before 500 BC.

China appeared not to use bloomeries, seemingly skipping to blast furnaces. Some bloomeries have been found in China, but these were likely brought from other locations, and not built in China.

European bloomeries started very small, smelting about 1kg of iron with each use, but got larger over time. By the 14th century, bloomeries smelted about 14kg per use on average.

## Process

A bloomery consists of a chimney with heat-resistant walls made of earth, clay, or stone. Near the bottom, pipes made of clay or metal enter through the side walls. These pipes allow air to enter.

To use a bloomery, charcoal is inserted into the chimney, then heated. Then roughly the same volume of iron is inserted. A common byproduct of this process is fayalite, which is created when iron mixes with slag.
Bog iron

**Bog iron** is a form of iron found in swamps. Bog iron is generally found in a spring.

## Europe and the North

Smelting bog iron has existed since pre-Roman times. Most iron smelted during the Viking era came from bog iron. In Russia, bog iron was the main source of iron until the sixteenth century.

## North America

Iron was produced by Vikings around 1000 AD.

Mining bog iron had been done in Virginia as early as 1608, and more bog iron has been mined in New Jersey and Maryland.
Moshe Katsav

**Moshe Katsav**, Hebrew: משה קצב , (born 5 December 1945 in Yazd, Iran) is a former Israeli politician of Likud.

He was mayor of Kiryat Malakhi, a Member of Knesset and a (deputy) government minister. He was also President of Israel from 2000 to 2007.

From 2011 to 2016 he was in prison because of a conviction of sexual offences (like rape). Katsav denied the accusations.

## Other websites

- Bio at Knesset Website

## Infobox (president)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Moshe Katsav
- **image**: Moshe Katsav (00310100).jpg
- **order**: 8th
- **office**: President of Israel
- **primeminister**: Ehud Barak
Ariel Sharon
Ehud Olmert
- **term start**: 1 August 2000
- **term end**: 1 July 2007
- **predecessor**: Ezer Weizman
- **successor**: Shimon Peres
- **birth name**: Musa Qasab
- **birth place**: Yazd, Iran
- **party**: Likud
- **children**: 5
- **profession**: Politician
Hérault (river)

The **Hérault** () is a river in southern France that flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The Hérault department is named after this river.

## Geography

The Hérault river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of  of which 64.8% are forests and 32.0% are used for farming.

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Agde, near its mouth.

**Average monthly discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) at Agden**

### Course

The Hérault starts in the _Col de Prat Peyrot_ on the Mont Aigoual, in the Cévennes, southeastern Massif Central, in the _commune_ of Valleraugue, Gard department, at an altitude of about .

The Hérault flows to the south, in general, and passes through the Gard and Hérault, in the Occitanie region, and a total of 43 _communes_, most of them in the Hérault department:

- Occitanie region
    - Gard: Notre-Dame-de-la-Rouvière, Roquedur, Saint-André-de-Majencoules, Saint-Julien-de-la-Nef, Valleraugue
    - Hérault: Agde, Agonès, Aniane, Argelliers, Aspiran, Bélarga, Bessan, Brissac, Campagnan, Canet, Castelnau-de-Guers, Causse-de-la-Selle, Cazilhac, Cazouls-d'Hérault, Florensac, Ganges, Gignac, Lagamas, Laroque, Lézignan-la-Cèbe, Montagnac, Paulhan, Pézenas, Le Pouget, Pouzols, Puéchabon, Saint-André-de-Sangonis, Saint-Bauzille-de-Putois,Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert, Saint-Jean-de-Fos, Saint-Pargoire, Saint-Pons-de-Mauchiens, Saint-Thibéry, Tressan, Usclas-d'Hérault

Finally, it flows into the Mediterranean Sea in Agde, in the Hérault department.

## Main tributaries

The main tributaries of the Hérault river are:

**Left tributaries**:
- Rieutord - 26.3 km
- Lamalou - 15.9 km

**Right tributaries**:
- Arre - 23.6 km
- Vis - 57.8 km
- Buèges - 12.2 km
- Lergue - 44.9 km
- Boyne - 24.9 km
- Peyne - 32.9 km
- Thongue - 33.4 km

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France

## Other websites

- Banque Hydro -  Banque Hydro - Station Y2372010 - L'Hérault à Agde (Synthèse)
- Syndicat Mixte du Bassin du Fleuve Hérault (SMBFH)
- EEDD - Dossiers thématiques: Livret ressource fleuve Hérault 

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Hérault
- **image**: Bridge and aqueduct over Hérault river near Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert, seen from Pont du Diable, Hérault, France - 20050308.jpg
- **image caption**: A bridge and aqueduct over the Hérault near Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert, as seen from Pont du Diable, Hérault, Pont du Diable
- **map**: Hérault (fleuve).png
- **source1 location**: Mont Aigoual Cévennes
- **mouth location**: Mediterranean Sea
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: France
Carbonyl iron

**Carbonyl iron** is type of very pure iron. Less than 2.5% of the substance isn't iron. The name "carbonyl iron" is because it is made from iron pentacarbonyl.

Carbonyl iron is a component of radar absorbing material, for stealth purposes. Carbonyl iron is used to treat iron deficiency.
Capital Punishment (album)

**Capital Punishment** is the first studio album by American rapper, Big Punisher. It was released on April 28, 1998 through Loud Records and Terror Squad Entertainment. The album received critical acclaim, peaking at #1 on the Top R&B Albums and #2 on the Billboard 200 charts.

## Songs

1.	"Intro"
0:33
2.	"Beware"
Christopher Rios Jerry Tineo
JuJu
3:15
3.	"Super Lyrical" (featuring Black Thought)
Rios Dana Stinson Tariq Trotter Sean Combs Christopher Wallace Norman Glover Chucky Thompson Reginald Elis
Rockwilder
3:28
4.	"Taster's Choice" (skit)
1:20
5.	"Still Not a Player" (featuring Joe)
Rios Jerome Foster
Knobody Dahoud (co.) Nomad (co.)
3:56
6.	"Intermission"
Mike Zulu
0:21
7.	"The Dream Shatterer"
Rios
Domingo
3:33
8.	"Punish Me" (featuring Miss Jones)
Rios Frank Pimentel
Frank Nitty
4:15
9.	"Pakinamac Pt. I" (skit)
1:35
10.	"You Ain't a Killer"
Rios Richard Frierson
Young Lord
4:14
11.	"Pakinamac Pt. II" (skit)
0:57
12.	"Caribbean Connection" (featuring Wyclef)
Rios Frierson Wyclef Jean
Young Lord
3:24
13.	"Glamour Life" (featuring Fat Joe and Terror Squad)
Rios Leshan Lewis
L.E.S.
4:43
14.	"Capital Punishment" (featuring Prospect)
Rios Michael Dewar Collin Dewar
The Infinite Arkatechz
4:20
15.	"Uncensored" (skit) (featuring Funkmaster Flex)
2:12
16.	"I'm Not a Player"
Rios Kenny Gamble Leon Huff
Minnesota
3:41
17.	"Twinz (Deep Cover 98)" (featuring Fat Joe)
Rios Joseph Cartagena Calvin Broadus Andre Young Collin Wolfe
Big Punisher Fat Joe
3:49
18.	"The Rain & the Sun" (Interlude) (featuring dead prez)
Rios Clayton Gavin Lavonne Alford
dead prez
1:49
19.	"Boomerang"
Rios Cartagena Vic Padilla
V.I.C.
3:35
20.	"You Came Up"
Rios Stinson
Rockwilder
3:54
21.	"Tres Leches (Triboro Trilogy)" (featuring Prodigy and Rebel-INS)
Rios Albert Johnson Jason Hunter Robert Diggs Eric Barrier William Griffin, Jr.
RZA DJ Roc Raida (scratches)
4:19
22.	"Charlie Rock Shout" (skit)
0:26
23.	"Fast Money"
Rios
Danny O & EQ
3:48
24.	"Parental Discretion" (featuring Busta Rhymes)
Rios Rodney Lemay

## References

- http://allhiphop.com/2006/11/17/capital-punishment-classic-review/
- http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=1110918
- http://www.allmusic.com/album/capital-punishment-mw0000030622

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Capital Punishment
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Big Punisher
- **released**: April 28, 1998
- **recorded**: 1996–1998
- **length**: 71:53
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Loud Records, Loud, Terror Squad Entertainment, Terror Squad
- **next title**: Yeeeah Baby (album), Yeeeah Baby
- **next year**: 2000
Ned Garver

**Ned Franklin Garver** (December 25, 1925 – February 26, 2017) was an American professional baseball player. He played as a pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1948 to 1961. He played for St. Louis Browns, Detroit Tigers, Kansas City Athletics and Los Angeles Angels. He was born in Ney, Ohio.

Garver died on February 26, 2017 in Bryan, Ohio, at the age of 91.
Vladimir Petrov (ice hockey)

**Vladimir Vladimirovich Petrov** (; 30 June 1947 – 28 February 2017) was a Russian Soviet ice hockey player. He was an Olympic gold medalist twice (1972, 1976) and silver medalist (1980). He was born in Krasnogorsk.

Petrov died on 28 February 2017 in Moscow, at the age of 69.
Peter Mathews (politician)

**Peter Mathews** (7 August 1951 – 28 February 2017) was an Irish politician. He was a member of Fine Gael before becoming independent in 2013. He served as Teachta Dála (TD) from February 2011 to February 2016 for the Dublin South constituency. He was born in Dublin.

Mathews died from oesophageal cancer on 28 February 2017, at the age of 65.
Leone di Lernia

**Leone di Lernia** (born **Leonardo di Lernia**; 18 April 1938 – 28 February 2017) was an Italian radio host, singer, actor and composer. He gained popularity in early 1990s, thanks to the cover of parody or comedic songs of dance music. He has been for almost fifteen years (1999 to 2008 and again, even if partially, from 2011 to 2016) the host of the radio program Lo Zoo di 105 on Radio 105 Network.

Lernia died in Milan on 28 February 2017 from liver cancer, aged 78.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: Leonedilernia.jpg
- **image size**: 250
- **name**: Leone di Lernia
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Leonardo di Lernia
- **origin**: Trani, Apulia, Italy
- **death place**: Milan, Italy
- **genre**: trash (nightclub), trash, pop music, pop, Rock music, rock
- **years active**: 1968–2017
- **label**: Duck Records
Toshio Nakanishi

, also known by the pseudonyms **Tycoon To$h** or **Typhoom Tosh**, was a Japanese musician and graphic designer. He was best known as the founding member of new wave band Plastics in 1976.

He was at first a part of the technopop fever in Japan and later acted as a pioneer of the Japanese hip hop scene with his label Major Force.

Nakanishi died in Tokyo from esophageal cancer on February 25, 2017, aged 61.

## Other websites

- Toshio Nakanishi Discography

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Toshio Nakanishi
中西 俊夫
- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: toshkitchen.jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **caption**: Nakanishi in 2006
- **native name**: 中西俊夫
- **native name lang**: Japanese
- **alias**: Tycoon To$h, Typhoom Tosh
- **birth place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **death place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **genre**: New wave music, New wave, synthpop, technopop, hip hop music, hip hop
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar
- **years active**: 1976–2017
- **associated acts**: K.U.D.O, Major Force, Melon (band), Melon, Plastics (band), Plastics, Chica Sato, Melon (band), Water Melon, Melon (band), Water Melon Group, Terminater Troops
Elisabeth Waldheim

**Elisabeth "Sissy" Waldheim** (née **Ritschel**; 13 April 1922 – 28 February 2017) was an Austrian businesswoman. She was the wife of Kurt Waldheim, the United Nations Secretary-General and President of Austria. She was the First Lady of Austria from 1986 to 1992. She applied for Nazi Party membership as soon as she was old enough, and was accepted in 1941". She was born in Vienna.

She died on 28 February 2017 in Vienna at the age of 94.
Taarak Mehta

**Taarak Mehta** (26 December 1929 – 1 March 2017) was an Indian columnist, humourist, writer and playwright. He was best known for the column _Duniya Ne Undha Chasma_ in the Gujarati language. He translated and adapted many comedies into Gujarati. He was also a well-known figure in the Gujarati theatre. He was born in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

Mehta died after a long illness on 1 March 2017, at the age of 87.
Mahershala Ali

**Mahershala Ali** (born **Mahershalalhashbaz Gilmore**; February 16, 1974) is an American actor and rapper. He is best known for his roles in _The 4400_ (2004–2007), _Predators_ (2010), _House of Cards_ (2013–2016), _The Hunger Games: Mockingjay_ – Part 1_ (2014) and _Part 2_ (2015), _Moonlight_ (2016) and _Green Book_ (2018). He has won two Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actor for _Moonlight_ and _Green Book''. He was the first Muslim actor to win an Oscar.

Ali was born in Oakland, California. He is the son of Willicia and Phillip Gilmore. He grew up in Hayward, California. He is an Ahmadi Muslim. He is married to Amatus Sami-Karim. They have a daughter, Bari Najma (born February 22, 2017).
Ugrić

**Ugrić** is a right tributary of the Ugar river in Central Bosnia. It is about  in length, and its source is Vlašić's Mountain slopes.  It is an essential body of water for surrounding wildlife.

Ugrić springs from the fountain of the same named Osmanovac stream; altitude 940 m, in the region of the elevation Krčevine. Above Krčevina regional there is communications Skender Vakuf – Turbe – Travnik, which marks a watershed between the basins of Ugar and Vrbanja rivers. It runs to the southwest, between Ćelehovsko hill (909 m) and by Barišića strane (Glavica, 897 m).

## Related pages

- Ugar (river)
- Skender Vakuf

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Ugrić
Угрић
- **source1 location**: Krčevine
- **mouth location**: Ugar
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **source1 elevation**: 940 m
- **basin size**: Black Sea
John Harlan (announcer)

**John Henry Harlan** (December 21, 1925 – February 27, 2017) was an American television and radio announcer. He has worked on many television projects for over 40 years, mainly game and variety shows. He was born in Sonoma County, California.

Perhaps his best-known work was for the Bob Hope specials aired on NBC during the 1960s through the 1990s and for _Name That Tune_ produced between 1974 and 1985.

Harlan studied at California State University, Fresno, graduating in 1948.

Harlan died in Los Angeles, California on February 27, 2017, aged 91.
Betty Okino

**Elizabeth Anne "Betty" Okino** (born June 4, 1975 in Entebbe, Uganda) was one of the first African-American gymnasts.

Along with being a former Olympic bronze medalist in gymnastics, Okino is also an actress today. She retired in 1992 with 3 silver medals, 2 bronze medals, and 1 gold medal. She represented the U.S. She has been in movies like Æon Flux and Creature Unknown.
SummerSlam (2016)

**SummerSlam (2016)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and WWE Network livestreaming show made by WWE for the Raw and SmackDown brands. It took place on August 21, 2016 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. It was the twenty-ninth SummerSlam event held by WWE, the second SummerSlam in a row to happen at the Barclays Center, and the first WWE PPV since the brand split started again.

Twelve matches happened at the event, including three on the pre-show. In the most important match, Brock Lesnar beat Randy Orton by technical knockout while in another important match, Finn Bálor beat Seth Rollins to become the first Universal Champion.

### Dean Ambrose vs. Dolph Ziggler

This match was for the WWE World Championship. _SmackDown_ wrestler and WWE World Champion Dean Ambrose put his title on the line in a Triple Threat match at Battleground on July 25 against _Raw_ wrestlers Roman Reigns and Seth Rollins, who were Ambrose's partners in The Shield. Ambrose won the match, so _SmackDown_ needed to find a challenger for him at _SummerSlam_ and they had a six-pack challenge to find the challenger. The first five spots were given to John Cena, Bray Wyatt, AJ Styles, Baron Corbin and Dolph Ziggler. Apollo Crews took the sixth spot when he won a battle royal, but Ziggler won the six-pack challenge.

### Finn Bálor vs. Seth Rollins

Because the WWE World Championship was on _SmackDown_, _Raw_ had to create their own world championship. They called it the WWE Universal Championship. _Raw_ commissioner Stephanie McMahon felt that Rollins had a chance to pin Ambrose at _Battleground_ and bring the World Championship to _Raw_ but Reigns was selfish and broke up the pin. Because of that, Stephanie gave Seth the first spot in the match to crown the champion. Then, Finn Bálor beat Cesaro, Kevin Owens and Rusev in a Fatal 4-way match and Reigns beat Chris Jericho, Sami Zayn and Sheamus in another Fatal 4-way. Finally, Bálor and Reigns fought in a singles match where the winner would face Rollins at SummerSlam and Bálor won this match.

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: SummerSlam (2016)
- **promotion**: WWE
- **brand**: WWE Raw, Raw
SmackDown
- **date**: August 21, 2016
- **attendance**: 15,974
- **venue**: Barclays Center
- **city**: Brooklyn, New York (state), New York
- **lastevent**: NXT TakeOver: Brooklyn II
- **nextevent**: Backlash (2016)
- **event**: SummerSlam
- **lastevent2**: SummerSlam (2015)
- **nextevent2**: SummerSlam (2017)
Radu Gabrea

**Radu Gabrea** (20 June 1937 – 9 February 2017) was a Romanian movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Bucharest, Romania. He directed more than twenty movies between 1969 and 2016. He was known for directing the movie _Gruber's Journey_ (2008).

Gabrea died in Bucharest on 9 February 2017, aged 79.
Spanair Flight 5022

**Spanair Flight 5022** was a passenger flight from Barcelona, Spain to Gran Canaria via Madrid. On 20 August 2008 the McDonnell Douglas MD-82 operating this route crashed after take-off from runway 36L at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport. All 6 crew members and 148 of 166 passengers aboard were killed.

The main cause of the crash was the failure to configure the flaps and slats properly for take-off.

## Victims

||Nationality|||Passengers|||Crew|||Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||2|0|2||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||2|0|2||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||5|0|5||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||148|6|154||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||2|0|2||||||||
|**Total**|**166**|**6**|**172**||||||||

## Infobox (aircraft occurrence)

- **image**: Spanair - McDonnell Douglas MD-82 (DC-9-82).jpg
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **caption**: EC-HFP, the aircraft involved, in July 2008
- **occurrence type**: Accident
- **summary**: Crashed on take-off due to improper flaps and slat selection
- **site**: Madrid–Barajas Airport, Madrid, Spain
- **aircraft type**: McDonnell Douglas MD-80, McDonnell Douglas MD-82
- **aircraft name**: _Sunbreeze_
- **operator**: Spanair
- **iata**: JK5022
- **icao**: JKK5022
- **callsign**: SPANAIR 5022
- **tail number**: EC-HFP
- **origin**: Barcelona–El Prat Airport
- **stopover**: Madrid–Barajas Airport
- **destination**: Gran Canaria Airport
- **occupants**: 172
- **passengers**: 166
- **crew**: 6
- **fatalities**: 154
- **injuries**: 18 (all serious)
- **survivors**: 18
Gustav Metzger

**Gustav Metzger** (10 April 1926 – 1 March 2017) was a British artist and political activist. He was best known for developing the concept of auto-destructive art (ADA) and the Art Strike. He was also one of the starters of the Destruction in Art Symposium in September 1966.

Metzger was born in Nuremberg, Germany. He was the son of Polish Jews. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1939 as a refugee.

Metzger died on 1 March 2017 in London, at the age of 90.
Dardic languages

**Dardic** is a group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken in the Dardistan region of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India.

## List of Dardic languages

1. Shina
1. Kashmiri
1. Chitrali language
1. Pashayi
1. Torwali
1. Palula
1. Indus Kohistani
1. Gawar-Bati
1. Ushoji
1. Kalami
1. Kalasha
1. Sawi
1. Dameli
1. Kalkoti
1. Chilisso
1. Kohistani Shina
1. Shumashti
1. Dardiarya/Brokskat
1. Gowro
1. Domaaki
1. Bateri
Amnon Krauz

**Amnon Krauz**, Hebrew: אמנון קראו , (born August 10, 1952 in Petah Tikva) is a former Israeli swimmer.

Krauz participated in the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City but wasn't able to obtain a medal.

## Other websites

- www.sports-reference.com

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **name**: Amnon Krauz
אמנון קראו
- **image**: Amnon Kraus.JPG
- **image size**: 220
- **nationality**: Israel
- **strokes**: freestyle
- **birth place**: Israel
- **show-medals**: y
Chalybeate

**Chalybeate** is a mineral water which contains iron. The name comes from the latin word for steel. During the 17th and 18th century, people believed Chalybeate had health benefits. It does not. Chalybeate contains pitiful amounts of iron, and is not used as a source of iron.
Joe Jackson (musician)

**David Ian "Joe" Jackson**  (born 11 August 1954) is an English musician and singer-songwriter. Jackson's first and second releases, "Sunday Papers" and "Is She Really Going Out With Him?" became a hit in 1979. This was followed by many new wave singles before he started creating more jazz type pop music. He had a Top 10 hit in 1982 with "Steppin' Out". He has also composed classical music. He has recorded 19 studio albums and earned 5 Grammy Award nominations in a career extending from 1978 to today.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Joe Jackson
- **image**: Joe-Jackson3.jpg
- **caption**: Jackson performing in Arizona, July 1982
- **image size**: 250px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: David Ian Jackson
- **birth place**: Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, England
- **instrument**: Vocals, piano, keyboards, saxophone
- **genre**: Punk rock, ska, New wave music, new wave, jazz pop, jazz, sophisti-pop, classical music, classical
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter, author
- **years active**: 1970–present
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M, Sony Classical, Virgin Records, Virgin/EMI, Rykodisc, EOne Entertainment, E1/Koch
Sabra

A **sabra**, Hebrew: צבר - tzabar, is a Jew who is born in Ottoman Palestine, Mandatory Palestine or in the State of Israel. As of 2015, about three quarters of the Israeli Jews are sabras.

The term "sabra" is derived from the prickly pear. Like this cactus a sabra is supposed to be hard on the outside but soft on the inside.
Tommy Gemmell

**Thomas** "**Tommy**" **Gemmell** (16 October 1943 – 2 March 2017) was a Scottish football player and manager.

He served as a left-sided fullback and had powerful shooting ability.

Gemmell is best known as one of the Celtic side who won the 1966–67 European Cup; he scored the first Celtic goal in the final. Gemmell played 18 times for Scotland, and also played for Nottingham Forest, Miami Toros and Dundee.  After retiring as a player in 1977, Gemmell managed Dundee and Albion Rovers.

Gemmell died on 2 March 2017, aged 73, after a long illness.

## Other websites

- Newcastle Fans profile

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Tommy Gemmell
- **image**: Tommy Gemmell.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Gemmell (1971)
- **fullname**: Tommy Gemmell
- **birth place**: Motherwell, North Lanarkshire, Motherwell, Scotland
- **position**: Defender (football), Left back
- **youthyears1**: 1959–1961
- **youthclubs1**: Coltness United F.C., Coltness United
- **years1**: 1961–1971
- **clubs1**: Celtic F.C., Celtic
- **caps1**: 247
- **goals1**: 37
- **years2**: 1971–1973
- **clubs2**: Nottingham Forest F.C., Nottingham Forest
- **caps2**: 39
- **goals2**: 6
- **years3**: 1973
- **clubs3**: Miami Toros
- **caps3**: 0
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 1973–1977
- **clubs4**: Dundee F.C., Dundee
- **caps4**: 94
- **goals4**: 8
- **totalcaps**: 380
- **totalgoals**: 51
- **nationalyears1**: 1966–1971
- **nationalteam1**: Scotland national football team, Scotland
- **nationalcaps1**: 18
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
- **nationalyears2**: 1965–1968
- **nationalteam2**: Scottish League XI
- **nationalcaps2**: 5
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1977–1980
- **managerclubs1**: Dundee F.C., Dundee
- **manageryears2**: 1986–1987
- **managerclubs2**: Albion Rovers F.C. (Scotland), Albion Rovers
- **manageryears3**: 1993–1994
- **managerclubs3**: Albion Rovers F.C. (Scotland), Albion Rovers
Jins Shamsuddin

Tan Sri **Mohamed Zain bin Shamsuddin** (5 November 1935 – 1 March 2017), known professionally as **Jins Shamsuddin**, was a Malaysian movie actor, director and politician. He is known for his role in _Bukit Kepong_ (1981).

On 13 October 2004, he became the first actor-politician in Malaysia following his appointment as a member of the Dewan Negara in the 11th Parliament of Malaysia. He continued to be a Senator for two terms until 11 February 2011.

He was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in February 2011, causing him unable to speak and unable to recognising anybody else, including his family. Following several years of bad health, Shamsuddin died at 5:45 pm at a clinic in Taman Melawati, after choking on cekodok on Wednesday, 1 March 2017 at the age of 81. Shamsuddin's second son Putera Hang Nadim confirmed on his father's death.

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Malay titles, Yang Berbahagia Tan Sri
- **name**: Jins Shamsuddin
- **caption**: Jins in 1960s.
- **birth name**: Mohamed Zain bin Shamsuddin
- **birth place**: Taiping, Perak, Taiping Perak, British Malaya
 <small>(now Malaysia)</small>
- **death place**: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- **resting place**: Al-Ridzuan Mosque, Hulu Kelang Muslim, Selangor
- **nationality**: Malaysian
- **alma mater**: London Film School
- **years active**: 1951–2010
- **spouse**: Rahmah Rahmat
 Puan Sri Halijah Abdullah
- **children**: 3
David Rubinger

**David Rubinger** (; 24 June 1924 – 2 March 2017) was an Israeli photographer. His famous photo of three Israeli paratroopers after the recapture the Western Wall in the Six-Day War has become a defining image of the conflict. Shimon Peres called Rubinger "the photographer of the nation in the making".

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: David Rubinger
- **image**: דוד רובינגר בתכנית "תעודת עיתונאי" ברדיו תל אביב (2014).JPG
- **birth place**: Vienna, Austria
- **death place**: Israel
- **nationality**: Israeli
- **field**: photography
- **movement**: Israeli art
Joseph Vũ Duy Thống

**Joseph Vũ Duy Thống** (July 2, 1952 – March 1, 2017) was a Vietnamese prelate, Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Phan Thiet from July 2009 to his death and the Head of the Episcopal Committee on Cultural Affairs. He was Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ho Chi Minh city from 2001 to 2009.

## Infobox (religious leader)

- **name**: Joseph Vũ Duy Thống
- **bishop of**: Roman Catholic Diocese of Phan Thiet, Bishop of Phan Thiết
- **image**: Đức Giám mục Giuse Vũ Duy Thống.jpg
- **see**: Roman Catholic Diocese of Phan Thiet, Phan Thiet
- **appointed**: July 25, 2009
- **enthroned**: September 3, 2009
- **predecessor**: Paul Nguyễn Thanh Hoan
- **ordination**: October 26, 1985
- **consecration**: August 17, 2001
- **consecrated by**: Phạm Minh Mẫn, Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn
- **other post**: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ho Chi Minh city, Auxiliary Bishop of Ho Chi Minh city (2001–2009)
- **birth date**: July 2, 1952
- **birth place**: Thái Bình
- **death date**: March 1, 2017 (aged 64)
- **death place**: Ho Chi Minh City
- **nationality**: Viet Nam, Vietnamese
- **religion**: Roman Catholic Church
- **signature**: COA Bishop Vuduythong.png
- **motto**: "Caritas Christi nos urget" (English language, English: _The Love of Christ Urges Us On_)
Simon Hobday

**Simon Forbes Newbold Hobday** (23 June 1940 – 2 March 2017) was a South African professional golfer who won tournaments on three continents.

## Personal life

Hobday was born in Mafikeng. He represented the country in the 1966 Eisenhower Trophy. He also lived in Rhodesia.

## Career

Hobday turned professional in 1969. He spent his regular career mainly on the Southern Africa Tour, where he won six times and the European Tour, where he won the 1976 German Open and the 1979 Madrid Open. As a senior, he played mainly in the United States on the Senior PGA Tour (now Champions Tour), where he claimed five titles between 1993 and 1995 including one senior major, the 1994 U.S. Senior Open.

## Infobox (golfer)

- **name**: Simon Hobday
- **fullname**: Simon Forbes Newbold Hobday
- **nickname**: Scruffy
- **birth place**: Mafikeng, South Africa
- **yearpro**: 1969
- **extour**: Sunshine Tour
European Tour
Champions Tour
- **prowins**: 17
- **eurowins**: 2
- **sunwins**: 6
- **champwins**: 5
- **otherwins**: 4
- **masters**: DNP
- **usopen**: CUT: 1995
- **open**: T19: 1983
- **pga**: DNP
Pau Donés

**Pau Donés Cirera** (11 October 1966 – 9 June 2020) was a Catalan songwriter, guitarist and vocalist of the musical group Jarabe de Palo.

### Early years

Born in Barcelona, Spain, Donés grew up in Barcelona. He got his first guitar when he was 12 years old.

Along with his brother Marc, they set up their first group: J. & Co. Band, and afterwards Dentaduras Postizas. For a while, he combined locals concerts in Barcelona with his job for an advertising agency.

In 1996 he formed Jarabe de Palo, being _La Flaca_ his first album.

### Health

On 1 September 2015 he had to cancel all his concerts after having an operation for colorectal cancer. On 5 April 2016 he announced via Twitter that he had recovered from his illness. However, he had a relapse a year later. He announced in October 2018 that he was to leave the music world indefinitely from January 2019. A year later, in April 2020, it was reported that Jarabe de Palo was recording a new album, _Tragas o escupes_, to be launched in September. However, its launch was moved forward to May 2020. He died from the disease on 9 June 2020, aged 53.

## Discography

- 1996 - _La flaca_
- 1998 - _Depende_
- 2001 - _De vuelta y vuelta_
- 2003 - _Bonito_
- 2004 - _1 m²_
- 2007 - _Adelantando_
- 2009 - _Orquesta reciclando_
- 2011 - _¿Y ahora qué hacemos?_
- 2014 - _Somos_
- 2015 - _Tour Americano 14-15 (CD/DVD)_
- 2017 - _50 palos_ (10-03-2017)
- 2020 - _Tragas o escupes_

### Compiling

- 2003 - _¿Grandes éxitos?_
- 2004 - _Colección "Grandes"_
- 2005 - _Completo, incompleto_
- 2006 - _Edición 10º aniversario "La Flaca"_

## Other websites

- Jarabe de Palo's official website
Alternanthera philoxeroides

***Alternanthera philoxeroides*** is "alligator weed", an invasive species. It is an aquatic plant species and can be found in waterways.