juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Karl Böhm

**Karl Böhm** (born Graz, 28 August 1894; died Salzburg, 14 August 1981) was an Austrian conductor. He was one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century, especially famous for his conducting of the music of Mozart, Wagner and Richard Strauss.

## Life

Böhm was born in Graz, Austria. He wanted to be a musician, but his father said that he should study law first, because musicians did not make much money, and if he was not successful as a musician he could then always have a job in law. So he studied law at the university of Graz, and got a doctorate on this subject. He also studied music privately in Graz, and then in Vienna with Eusebius Mandyczewski and Guido Adler. Although he learned to play the piano and to compose, he just wanted to be a conductor. He started his career by helping singers at the Graz Opera to learn their roles. Böhm became very interested in the operas of Wagner and Mozart and learned a lot from great conductors like Carl Muck and Bruno Walter who invited him to the Bavarian State Opera in 1921. In 1927 he became Generalmusikdirektor (music director) at Darmstadt. He often conducted modern operas, including Berg’s _Wozzeck_. In 1931 he moved to Hamburg. In 1933 he conducted the Vienna Philharmonic, both in opera and concert performances. He became conductor at the opera house in Dresden when Fritz Busch lost that job because he said he did not like the Nazis. Böhm worked there for nine years. He became a great friend of the composer Richard Strauss and conducted the first performances of two of his operas there: _Die schweigsame Frau_ and _Daphne_. In 1943 got the very important job of conductor at the Vienna State Opera eventually becoming music director. He also conducted the German seasons at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires from 1950 to 1953.

In his later years Böhm spent his time as guest conductor. He was invited to conduct many of the leading world orchestras. He often performed at Salzburg, Bayreuth, Vienna, Berlin, Munich, Hamburg, Milan, Paris and New York.
In 1957, he made his first appearance at the Metropolitan Opera in New York, conducting _Don Giovanni_. He was very popular there and conducted many operas, especially those by Mozart, Wagner and Richard Strauss.

Late in life, he was a regular guest conductor with the London Symphony Orchestra. He was given the title of LSO President for the rest of his life.

During his last years his sight was not very good. He died in Salzburg in 1981. His son was actor Karl Boehm.

## His reputation

Böhm was praised for his clear, energetic conducting. He did not have exaggerated mannerisms but got his orchestras to play with a warm, romantic sound which was never sentimental. Besides his favourite Mozart, Wagner and Richard Strauss he conducted many works by Haydn, Beethoven, Schubert, Bruckner, Brahms and Berg.

He was given many honours, including first Austrian Generalmusikdirektor. On his 80th birthday a big party was held, at which Herbert von Karajan gave him a clock.

## Bibliography

- New Groves Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, 1980;
Leipzig Gewandhaus

The **Gewandhaus** is a world famous concert hall in Leipzig, Germany. Today's building is the third hall to have this name. It is the home of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra.

The name "Gewandhaus" means a building where cloth is traded. Originally merchants used to sell their cloth there.

The first Gewandhaus was built in 1781 by the architect Johann Carl Friedrich Dauthe. The second opened in 1884, and was destroyed in the fire-bombings of World War II between 1943 and 1944. The third Gewandhaus, which stands now, was opened on 8 October 1981. It is known for its fine acoustics.
Rebab

The **rebab** is a musical instrument from the Middle East. It is a very old instrument, and is probably the origin of the medieval rebec. It is a string instrument and is played by bowing or plucking the strings. It has a body made out of a solid piece of wood, with straight sides and a round back. The belly of the rebab is made of skin. The pegs used to tune the strings are like those on a violin, and are pushed into holes on the side of the peg box. The peg box is made from a separate piece of wood.
Sackbut

The **sackbut** is a brass musical instrument from the Renaissance. By the 1750s, it was developing into the modern trombone. It has narrower tubing, does not have a water key, a slide lock or a tuning slide that are found on trombones. It is played by buzzing the lips into a mouthpiece. The length of the instrument could be changed by the use of a sliding tube which meant it could play a full chromatic range of notes. The earliest instruments come from the 1500's. The sackbut was popular because it could be played loudly or softly, and it could also be played in tune. They were made in a range of sizes, a descant (rarely used), alto, tenor and bass. They were often played to accompany a church choir.

## Infobox (instrument)

- **name**: Sackbut
- **image**: Sackbutt.jpg
- **image capt**: Sackbuts
- **classification**: Brass instrument, Brass
- **related**: Trombone
PowerBook

The **PowerBook** was a type of laptop computer built by Apple Computer, Inc. from 1991 to 2006. The PowerBook was changed many times in the time that it was made. Many times, the laptop was the first to have features that would later become common in other laptops. The PowerBook line was made for professional people. It got many awards. Examples are the 2001 Industrial Design Excellence Awards "Gold" status, and Engadget's 2005 "Laptop of the Year".

Before the PowerBook, Apple made the Macintosh Portable. At that time, third-party laptops that ran Macintosh software were also available, such as the Outbound Laptop. In 1999, Apple started making the cheaper iBook model. The PowerBook and iBook lines were discontinued (Apple stopped making them) and replaced by the MacBook family in 2006.
IBook

The **iBook** was a line of laptop computers sold by Apple Inc. between 1999 and 2006. Apple designed these computer for the consumer and education markets, so they had lower specifications and prices than the PowerBook, Apple's higher-end line of laptop computers.

Apple replaced the iBook line with the MacBook in May 2006 while Apple changed to using Intel processors.
Scrapbook

A **scrapbook** is a book where people can keep pictures, newspapers articles, recipes, letters and similar things. It is often used to keep memorable things or a collection of things. It is also often used in the hobby of **scrapbooking**. Scrapbooking is the use of a scrapbook as a hobby rather than a more practical use such as keeping collections of recipes used in daily cooking. It is a way to preserve pictures and memories in a book that can last throughout a person's whole life.  Scrapbooking is becoming more popular. The hobby interest has created a business phenomenon with many companies selling various tools, paper and equipment to make the craft easier and more enjoyable.
Scrapbooking, also known as 'cropping,' is an art that creates family heirlooms.  Each page of a scrapbook become a family treasure, especially when the author writes in his/her own handwriting about the pictures. Moreover, scrabooking relieves stress and allows you to relax and express your feelings.
Agios Nikolaos

**Agios Nikolaos** is a town on Crete island. It is a coastal town in the northeast of Crete. It is near the main airport of Crete, "Nikos Kazatzakis". There are also ships which connect Agios Nikolaos with Piraeus and Dodekanisa islands.
Rethymno

**Rethymno** is the third biggest city of Crete island. It is in the north of Crete between Heraclion and Chania, the other big cities of Crete. Rethymno has 54,900 people. Rethymno has a big port and a beautiful old town and Castle. Today in Rethymno there is a university for literature studies.

## Infobox (greek dimos)

- **name**: Rethymno
- **name local**: Ρέθυμνο
- **image map**: 2011 Dimos Rethymnou.png
- **periph**: Crete
- **periphunit**: Rethymno (regional unit), Rethymno
- **pop municipality**: 54900
- **area municipality**: 397.5
- **pop municunit**: 35687
- **area municunit**: 126.5
- **pop community**: 28987
- **population as of**: 2001
- **lat deg**: 35
- **lat min**: 22
- **lon deg**: 24
- **lon min**: 28
- **postal code**: 741 00
- **area code**: 28310
- **licence**: ΡΕ
- **mayor**: Giorgos Marinakis (PASOK)
- **website**: [http://www.rethymno.gr www.rethymno.gr]
- **image skyline**: Rethymno - Venetian fortress.jpg
- **caption skyline**: View of Rethymno from the fortress.
- **elevation min**: 0
- **elevation max**: 15
Chios (city)

**Chios** (Greek: _Χίος_) is a Greek city and it is a capital of Chios island and Chios prefecture. It is one of the largest city from the cities of Greek islands. Its population is 32.000 residents. The town of Chios is located opposite the coasts of Turkey very close to region of ancient Erythrea. Chios connects with the port of Piraeus as well as other ports. The city is served by the Chios Island National Airport.
Ron Clark

**Ron Clark** is an American teacher who has worked with disadvantaged students in rural North Carolina and Harlem, New York City. He is known for his books and multiple teaching awards. Clark's latest project is the Ron Clark Academy, a private non-profit school in Atlanta, Georgia where students follow a unique curriculum. The school also gives students opportunities for international travel and offers training workshops for teachers to learn more about Clark's teaching methods. Clark made a set of rules called the esential55 that he use to teach his students.
Rhodes (city)

**Rhodes** is the capital of Rhodes island and Dodekanisa prefecture. It is a big city and very touristic mainly during summer period. Its population is at about 50.000 inhabitants but in the summer its population increases a lot. It is located in the north of Rhodes island. It has a big port where big cruise ships come all the time. Rhodes is very beautiful city with many sights. The most interesting sight is the big castle which it is built at the crusade period by Ioannites Knights. In the antiquity on the port of Rhodes there was the gigantic statue of the Sun God which was named Colossus of Rhodes. The statue was destroyed because of a powerful earthquake in the Roman period.
Daniel Harding

**Daniel Harding** (born Oxford, 31 August 1975) is a British conductor.

Harding studied trumpet at Chetham's School of Music in Manchester.  When he was 13 he became a  member of the National Youth Orchestra.  When he was 17, Harding got together a group of musicians to perform _Pierrot Lunaire_ by Arnold Schoenberg.   He sent a tape of the performance to the conductor Simon Rattle in Birmingham.  Rattle was very impressed and invited Harding to be assistant conductor to him at the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra for a year, from 1993-1994.   Harding then went to the University of Cambridge, but after his first year at university, he was invited by Claudio Abbado to be his assistant with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra.

Harding has been conductor of the Trondheim Symphony Orchestra (1997-2000), the Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen (1999-2003) and the Mahler Chamber Orchestra (since 2003).   He conducted the 2005 opening night at La Scala, Milan in _Idomeneo_, after Ricardo Muti had resigned.

In 2004, Harding was made guest conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra from 2006.  He became the Principal Conductor of the Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra as of 2007.

Harding is married and has two children. His wife plays the viola.  He is a fan of the football club Manchester United.

## Other websites

- Daniel Harding official website
Mytilene

**Mitilene** is a capital of Lesbos island. Lesbos is the third biggest island in Greece. It is a beautiful city with important history. It is located in the east of Lesbos island. Mytilene has 36.196 inhabitants. In the past, Mytilene was a rich town and this seems from the rich houses in the city. Also, it has got a big port which connect Mytilene with Piraeus and other ports.
Zakynthos (city)

**Zakynthos** is the capital of Zakynthos island. Zakynthos is one of the Ionian Islands. Zakynthos city is located in the north-west of island. Its population according to 2001 census is 16.457 inhabitants. It is a coastal city and it has got a port which connect Zakynthos with Peloponnese. Zakynthos is a beautiful town. The most beautiful district of city is the district Bochali.
Mitsuko Uchida

(born Atami, Japan,  December 20, 1948) is a Japanese pianist who lives in London.

## Life

Mitsuko Uchida was born in Atami, a seaside town near Tokyo, Japan.  When she was 12 her father became the Japanese ambassador to Austria, so the family moved to Vienna.  She studied at the Vienna Academy of Music.  Her teachers were Richard Hauser, and later Wilhelm Kempff and Stefan Askenase.  She gave her first recital when she was 14 in the Vienna Musikverein. After five years, her father went back to Japan, but she stayed in Vienna.

In 1969 she won the first prize in the Beethoven Competition in Vienna and in 1970 the second prize in the International Frederick Chopin Piano Competition. Then, in 1975, she won second prize in the Leeds Piano Competition.

Her career has been very successful.  She played all the Mozart Piano Concertos with the Cleveland Orchestra.  She is well known for her playing of the works of Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Chopin, Debussy and Schoenberg. Her recordings include all of Mozart's piano sonatas and concertos, and won many awards for her recordings.

Uchida now lives in London.

Uchida was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2009 Queen's Birthday Honours List.

## Other websites

- Mitsuko Uchida

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **honorific prefix**: Dame
- **name**: Mitsuko Uchida
- **honorific suffix**: Order of the British Empire, DBE
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **native name**: 內田光子
- **native name lang**: jp
- **birth place**: Atami, Atami, Shizuoka, Japan
- **occupation**: Classical pianist
Ekaltadeta

The **Ekaltadeta** was a giant, meat-eating rat-kangaroo from Australia. This long-extinct marsupial (pouched mammal) lived from the late Oligocene (roughly 25 million years ago) until about 50 thousands years ago. Fossils have been found in northern Australia, at the Riversleigh site (in Queensland).
Aad de Mos

**Aad de Mos** (born 27 March 1947) is a former Dutch football manager.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **image**: Aad-de-mos.jpg
- **fullname**: Adriaan de Mos
- **birth place**: The Hague, Netherlands
- **manageryears1**: 1981
- **managerclubs1**: AFC Ajax, Ajax
- **manageryears2**: 1982–1985
- **managerclubs2**: AFC Ajax, Ajax
- **manageryears3**: 1986–1989
- **managerclubs3**: KV Mechelen
- **manageryears4**: 1989–1992
- **managerclubs4**: R.S.C. Anderlecht, Anderlecht
- **manageryears5**: 1993–1995
- **managerclubs5**: PSV Eindhoven
- **manageryears6**: 1995–1996
- **managerclubs6**: Werder Bremen
- **manageryears7**: 1997–1998
- **managerclubs7**: Standard Liège
- **manageryears8**: 1998–1999
- **managerclubs8**: Sporting Gijón
- **manageryears9**: 1999
- **managerclubs9**: Urawa Red Diamonds
- **manageryears10**: 2000–2002
- **managerclubs10**: KV Mechelen
- **manageryears11**: 2003–2004
- **managerclubs11**: Al-Hilal FC, Al-Hilal
- **manageryears12**: 2004–2005
- **managerclubs12**: United Arab Emirates national football team, United Arab Emirates
- **manageryears13**: 2006–2008
- **managerclubs13**: Vitesse Arnhem
- **manageryears14**: 2009–2010
- **managerclubs14**: Kavala F.C., Kavala
- **manageryears15**: 2010
- **managerclubs15**: Sparta Rotterdam
Neil Diamond

**Neil Leslie Diamond** (born January 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. He wrote songs for Sonny and Cher, the Ronettes, Jay and the Americans and the Monkees. He began singing his own songs in 1966. From 1966 to 1968 he had written 14 hit songs and sold more than 12 million records. For a while he was the most highly paid performer in the world.

Thirty-eight songs by Diamond have reached the top 10 on the _Billboard_ Adult Contemporary charts, including "Sweet Caroline".

His first recording was "Solitary Man" in 1966. He recorded the album _Brother Love's Travelling Salvation Show_ which included the song "Sweet Caroline". This song reached number 3 on the US charts and sold more than a million copies.

Diamond is Jewish.

In January 2018, Diamond was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Neil Diamond
- **img**: Neil_Diamond_2.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Neil Leslie Diamond
- **alias**: The Jewish Elvis, The Diamond Cutter
- **origin**: New York City, United States, U.S.
- **instrument**: lead vocals, Vocals, guitar, piano
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, pop music, pop, folk music, folk, country music, country
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, musician
- **years active**: 1958 – present
- **label**: Bang Records, Bang, Uni Records, Uni, MCA Records, MCA, Columbia Records, Columbia
- **url**: [http://www.neildiamond.com/ neildiamond.com]
Got Talent series

The ***Got Talent*** franchise is a British TV format owned by Simon Cowell's SYCO.  It has many popular shows such as _Britain's Got Talent_ and _America's Got Talent_.

## Format

The format changes in many versions but the most common version has three rounds: auditions (or preliminaries), semi-finals and the final. Some countries do not have semi-finals while others have a round in between the auditions and semi-finals.

In some versions of the show, such as the _Champions_ version, the auditions are replaced with "preliminaries". In these rounds, the judges or audience vote to pick one (sometimes two) contestant(s) from the preliminary to go into the final. The final consists of the winners of each preliminary.
István Kertész

**István Kertész** (born Budapest, Hungary, 28 August 1929; died near Tel Aviv, Israel, 16 April 1973) was a world-famous  Hungarian Jewish conductor.

## Early life

Kertész was born in Budapest.  His family were Jewish.  His father was director at a leather factory.  When his father died of appendicitis in 1938, his mother had to go out to work to earn money.  It was not easy at the time for women in Hungary to find work, but she was successful.  István started to learn the violin when he was six, and after a few years he started learning the piano as well.

When the Nazis invaded  Hungary during World War II his family had to hide.  Most of them were found and taken to Auschwitz where they died.  In spite of the terrible situation István’s mother encouraged him to keep practising music.  After the war he graduated from school and went to the Royal Academy of Music (now the Franz Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest, where he studied violin, piano, and composition.   Zoltán Kodály was one of his teachers.  He soon became interested in conducting, and learned a lot from Bruno Walter, and Otto Klemperer, then the director of the Budapest Opera.

## Career

From 1953 to 1955, István Kertész conducted at Györ, and the Budapest Opera orchestra.  After the 1956 uprising in Hungary he and his family left their country and went to Germany.  He settled there and took German nationality.

Kertész became conductor at Augsburg (1958-1963) and then at Cologne.  He first appeared in Britain in 1960 with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra and then with the London Symphony Orchestra.  He first conducted in America in 1961, touring with the Hamburg RSO.  He conducted at Covent Garden in 1965, and then took over from Pierre Monteux as conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra.

Kertész had a very large repertoire and conducted nearly all of the world’s great orchestras.   He conducted many operas, and was especially fond of the music of Bartok, Henze, Stravinsky and Britten.  He gave the first Vienna performance of Britten’s _War Requiem_ and the first performance in Germany of his opera _Billy Budd_.  He made many recordings.

On 16 April 1973, while on a concert tour, István Kertész drowned while swimming off the coast of Israel near Tel Aviv.  He was survived by his wife, three children, mother and sister.

## References

- New Groves Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980;

## Other websites

- Istvan Kertesz Biography  at Decca Records
PGA Tour

The **PGA Tour** is a professional golf association.  The association is in charge of the professional golf tours in the United States.  Its three tours are the PGA Tour, the Champions Tour, and the Web.com Tour.

On June 6, 2023, the PGA Tour, PGA European Tour, and Saudi-owned LIV Golf all announced they would be merging, with the Saudi Public Investment Fund becoming the "exclusive investor" and the PGA Tour would have their CEO Jay Monahan appointed along with board members.
Phil Mickelson

**Phil Mickelson** (born June 16, 1970) is an American golfer. He plays on the PGA Tour. He has 39 PGA Tour wins. He has won The Masters three times. The most recent time was in 2010. Mickelson has the nickname "Lefty" because he swings with his left hand.

He won the 2021 PGA Championship, becoming the oldest winner in golf history at aged 50.

## Early life

He was born in San Diego, California. His father Phil Mickelson Sr. was an airline pilot and former naval aviator. and Mary Mickelson. He was raised there and in Scottsdale, Arizona.

## Infobox (golfer)

- **name**: Phil Mickelson
- **image**: Phil Mickelson 15 (cropped).jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Mickelson at the 2018 U.S. Open (golf), 2018 U.S. Open at Shinnecock Hills Golf Club, Shinnecock Hills
- **fullname**: Philip Alfred Mickelson
- **nickname**: Lefty
- **birth place**: San Diego, California
- **residence**: Rancho Santa Fe, California
- **spouse**: Amy (m. 1996)
- **children**: Amanda (b. 1999)
Sophia (b. 2001)
Evan (b. 2003)
- **college**: Arizona State Sun Devils, Arizona State University
- **yearpro**: 1992
- **tour**: PGA Tour (joined 1992 PGA Tour, 1992)
- **prowins**: 51
- **pgawins**: #PGA Tour wins (42), 42 (List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins, 9th all time)
- **eurowins**: #European Tour wins (9), 9
- **chalwins**: 1
- **otherwins**: #Other wins (5), 5
- **majorwins**: #Major championships, 5
- **masters**: **Won**: 2004 Masters Tournament, 2004, 2006 Masters Tournament, 2006, 2010 Masters Tournament, 2010
- **usopen**: 2nd/T2: 1999 U.S. Open (golf), 1999, 2002 U.S. Open (golf), 2002, 2004 U.S. Open (golf), 2004, 2006 U.S. Open (golf), 2006, 2009 U.S. Open (golf), 2009, 2013 U.S. Open (golf), 2013
- **open**: **Won**: 2013 Open Championship, 2013
- **pga**: **Won**: 2005 PGA Championship, 2005
- **wghofid**: phil-mickelson
- **wghofyear**: 2012
- **award1**: Haskins Award
- **year1**: 1990, 1991, 1992
Fall of Constantinople

The **Fall of Constantinople** occurred when the Ottoman Empire took over Constantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire, on 29 May 1453. The Ottomans were commanded by 21-year-old Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, who defeated an army commanded by Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos. The conquest of Constantinople followed a 53-day siege started on 6 April 1453. After the conquest of the city, Constantinople became the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Today, Constantinople is known as Istanbul.

This event marks the end of the Byzantine Empire, and so it was the end of the Roman Empire, which had lasted for nearly 1,500 years. Previous Ottoman Sultans had taken most of the Empire in previous centuries. Some places, like the Morea Despotate and Empire of Trebizond were not defeated by the Ottomans until several years later.

The fall of Constantinople had important results, because the Ottoman Empire at last had control of the Balkans. Nothing could stop them from further Muslim conquests into Europe, which went on until after the Battle of Vienna in 1683. After the fall of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire, many refugees escaped to Western Europe and helped create humanism. In particular, the arrival in Italy of Greek scholars is said to have helped the Renaissance.
Council areas of Scotland

A **council area** in Scotland is an area made for local government. There is a total of 32 council areas in Scotland. They are all governed by unitary authorities called "councils". The council areas were created on 1 April 1996, under the provisions of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994. The Act calls them _local authority areas_ but most people call them _council areas_.

The council areas have the option of being known as a __ when choosing to go by a Gaelic name. However, only Comhairle Nan Eilean Siar (Council of the Western Isles) has chosen this option, while the Highland Council (Comhairle na Gaidhealtachd) uses both an English name and a Gaelic name.

|MAINLAND|Area (sq miles)|Area (km²)|Number of people (2001)|Number of people (latest estimate )|How many per km² (2001)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|{| class="wikitable sortable"||||||
|Aberdeen City|70|182|212,125||1164|
|Aberdeenshire|2439|6317|226,871||36|
|Angus|843|2184|108,400||50|
|Argyll and Bute|2712|7023|91,306||13|
|Clackmannanshire|61|158|48,077||304|
|Dumfries and Galloway|2489|6446|147,765||23|
|Dundee|21|55|145,663||2648|
|East Ayrshire|492|1275|120,235||94|
|East Dunbartonshire|68|176|108,243||617|
|East Lothian|257|666|90,088||135|
|East Renfrewshire|65|168|89,311||532|
|City of Edinburgh|100|260|448,624||1725|
|Falkirk|113|293|145,191||496|
|Fife|517|1340|349,429||261|
|City of Glasgow|68|175|577,869||3307|
|Highland|10,085|26,119|208,914||8|
|Inverclyde|64|167|84,203||503|
|Midlothian|135|350|80,941||231|
|Moray|864|2237|86,940||39|
|North Ayrshire|343|888|135,817||153|
|North Lanarkshire|184|476|321,067||674|
|Perth and Kinross|2083|5395|134,949||25|
|Renfrewshire|102|263|172,867||659|
|Scottish Borders|1825|4727|106,764||23|
|South Ayrshire|475|1230|112,097||93|
|South Lanarkshire|686|1778|302,216||170|
|Stirling|866|2243|86,212||38|
|West Dunbartonshire|68|176|93,378||531|
|West Lothian|165|427|158,714||372|
|Na h-Eileanan Siar (Western Isles)|1185|3070|26,502||9|
|Orkney Islands|396|1025|19,245||19|
|Shetland Islands|568|1471|21,988||15|
|}||||||
Forks, Washington

**Forks** is a city in Clallam County of the state of Washington in the United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Forks, Washington
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: Logging Capital of the World
- **image skyline**: Forks WA NE.jpg
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Forks
- **image map**: Clallam_County_Washington_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Forks_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in the state of Washington (state), Washington
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Washington, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Washington (state), Washington
- **subdivision name2**: Clallam County, Washington, Clallam
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: August 7, 1945
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **area total sq mi**: 4.12
- **area land sq mi**: 4.12
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 10.67
- **area land km2**: 10.67
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3335
- **population density km2**: 312.6
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time Zone, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation ft**: 305
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 98331
- **area code**: Area code 360, 360
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 53-24810
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1519696
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Doyle Brunson

**Doyle F. Brunson** (August 10, 1933 – May 14, 2023) was an American poker player from the U.S. state of Texas. He is sometimes called by his nickname, Dolly. He was active as a child. He played basketball for a short time but while in a factory he by mistake broke his leg. Then he chose to play poker. In 1976 he won the Main Event of the World Series of Poker. His winning hand was a ten and a two. In 1977 he won the Main Event again with the same hand and in 1980 he took second place at Main Event. He had ten World Series of Poker bracelets and held one World Poker Tour title.

Brunson died in Las Vegas, Nevada on May 14, 2023, at the age of 89.
Tim Pawlenty

**Tim Pawlenty** was the Governor of Minnesota. He was elected Governor in 2002 and was re-elected in 2006. He did run for another term in 2010. He is a member of the United States Republican Party. He was succeeded by Mark Dayton.

Pawlenty ran for governor again in the 2018 election, but lost the Republican nomination to county commissioner Jeff Johnson.

Pawlenty ran for president in 2012.

## Personal life

Tim Pawlenty´s wife is Mary Pawlenty. Pawlenty has an also written a book. At right is Pawlenty´s signature. Pawlenty is a Republican.
Grand Forks, North Dakota

**Grand Forks** is a city in the U.S. state of North Dakota along the Red River of the North. It was founded by Alexander Griggs on June 15 1870. It has a population of nearly 60,000 and is now the county seat of Grand Forks County.  It is the third-largest city in the state after Fargo and Bismarck.

Across the river is East Grand Forks, Minnesota.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Grand Forks, North Dakota
- **settlement type**: City
- **nicknames**: "The Grand Cities", "The Forks"
- **motto**: "A Place of Excellence"
- **image skyline**: FEMA_-_29438_-_Photograph_by_Brenda_Riskey_taken_on_05-17-2006_in_North_Dakota.jpg
- **image caption**: Aerial view of downtown Grand Forks in 2006
- **image map**: ND Grand Forks County Grand Forks.svg
- **map caption**: Location in the U.S. state of North Dakota
- **pushpin map**: North Dakota#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within North Dakota##Location within the United States
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin label**: Grand Forks
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: Metropolitan statistical area, Metro
- **subdivision type3**: List of counties in North Dakota, County
- **subdivision name1**: North Dakota
- **subdivision name2**: Greater Grand Forks
- **subdivision name3**: Grand Forks County, North Dakota, Grand Forks
- **leader title**: List of mayors of Grand Forks, North Dakota, Mayor
- **established title**: Founded
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date**: June 15, 1870
- **established date2**: February 22, 1881
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 72.98
- **area land km2**: 72.49
- **area water km2**: 0.49
- **area total sq mi**: 28.18
- **area land sq mi**: 27.99
- **area water sq mi**: 0.19
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 59166
- **population rank**: US: 664th
ND: List of cities in North Dakota, 3rd
- **population density km2**: 816.16
- **population density sq mi**: 2113.83
- **population urban**: 68160 (U.S. List of United States urban areas, 411st)
- **population metro**: 103144 (U.S. Metropolitan statistical area, 356th)
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation ft**: 837
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 58201–58203
- **area code**: Area code 701, 701
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 38-32060
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1036064
- **blank2 name**: List of North Dakota numbered highways, Highways
- **blank2 info**: I-29 (ND), I-29, US 2, US 81, North Dakota Highway 297, ND 297
- **blank3 name**: Public transit
Kent Conrad

**Gaylord Kent Conrad** (born March 12, 1948) is a former American politician. He was a United States Senator from North Dakota. He is a member of the Democratic Party. First elected to the Senate in 1986, he was chairman or Ranking Member of the Senate Budget Committee for 12 years.

On January 18, 2011, Conrad announced that he was retiring from politics and would not run for reelection in 2012.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kent Conrad
- **image**: Kent Conrad official portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait,
- **jr/sr1**: United States
- **state1**: North Dakota
- **term start1**: December 14, 1992
- **term end1**: January 3, 2013
- **predecessor1**: Jocelyn Burdick
- **successor1**: Heidi Heitkamp
- **term start2**: January 3, 1987
- **term end2**: December 14, 1992
- **predecessor2**: Mark Andrews (politician), Mark Andrews
- **successor2**: Byron Dorgan
- **order3**: Chair of the United States Senate Committee on the Budget, Senate Budget Committee
- **term start3**: January 4, 2007
- **term end3**: January 3, 2013
- **predecessor3**: Judd Gregg
- **successor3**: Patty Murray
- **term start4**: June 6, 2001
- **term end4**: January 3, 2003
- **predecessor4**: Pete Domenici
- **successor4**: Don Nickles
- **office5**: 19th List of North Dakota Tax Commissioners, Tax Commissioner of North Dakota
- **governor5**: Allen I. Olson, Allen Olson
George A. Sinner, George Sinner
- **term start5**: January 6, 1981
- **term end5**: December 2, 1986
- **predecessor5**: Byron Dorgan
- **successor5**: Heidi Heitkamp
- **birth name**: Gaylord Kent Conrad
- **birth place**: Bismarck, North Dakota, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party, D-NPL)
- **children**: Jessamyn Conrad
- **education**: Stanford University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
George Washington University (Master of Business Administration, MBA)
- **signature**: Kent Conrad Signature.svg
Didí Torrico

**Didí Torrico Camacho** (born 18 May 1988 in Cochabamba) is a Bolivian football midfielder who currently plays for Wilsterman and the Bolivian national team.

Torrico began his career in 2005 playing for Iberoamericana before transferring to La Paz F.C. the following year. After three seasons in La Paz, he joined Wilstermann.

He has also played in six games for the Bolivian national team since 2008, and scored his first international goal against Mexico on March 11, 2009.

## International goals

|#|Date|Venue|Opponent|Score|Result|Competition|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1.|March 11, 2009|Commerce City, Colorado, U.S.A.||1 - 5|Loss|Friendly|
|2.|April 1, 2009|La Paz, Bolivia||6 - 1|Win|2010 World Cup Qualifiers|

## References

- Base de Datos del Fútbol Argentino
- Fifa.com

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Didí Torrico
- **fullname**: Didí Torrico Camacho
- **birth place**: Cochabamba, Bolivia
- **position**: Midfielder (football), Midfielder
- **currentclub**: Royal Pari F.C., Royal Pari
- **clubnumber**: 26
- **years1**: 2005
- **years2**: 2006–2008
- **years3**: 2009
- **years4**: 2010
- **years5**: 2011–2012
- **years6**: 2012–2013
- **years7**: 2013–2014
- **years8**: 2014–2016
- **years9**: 2016–2017
- **years10**: 2017
- **years11**: 2018–2019
- **years12**: 2020
- **years13**: 2021–
- **clubs1**: Iberoamericana
- **clubs2**: La Paz F.C., La Paz
- **clubs3**: Club Jorge Wilstermann, Wilstermann
- **clubs4**: Club Bolívar, Bolívar
- **clubs5**: Nacional Potosi
- **clubs6**: Club San José, San José
- **clubs7**: Guabirá
- **clubs8**: Club Blooming, Blooming
- **clubs9**: Club San José, San José
- **clubs10**: Sport Boys Warnes
- **clubs11**: Club San José, San José
- **clubs12**: Club Jorge Wilstermann, Wilstermann
- **clubs13**: Royal Pari F.C., Royal Pari
- **caps1**: 5
- **caps2**: 107
- **caps3**: 27
- **caps4**: 37
- **caps5**: 31
- **caps6**: 43
- **caps7**: 41
- **caps8**: 75
- **caps9**: 41
- **caps10**: 18
- **caps11**: 92
- **caps12**: 24
- **caps13**: 0
- **goals1**: 0
- **goals2**: 5
- **goals3**: 0
- **goals4**: 1
- **goals5**: 1
- **goals6**: 3
- **goals7**: 3
- **goals8**: 4
- **goals9**: 3
- **goals10**: 0
- **goals11**: 5
- **goals12**: 0
- **goals13**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2007
- **nationalyears2**: 2008–2009
- **nationalteam1**: Bolivia national under-20 football team, Bolivia U-20
- **nationalteam2**: Bolivia national football team, Bolivia
- **nationalcaps1**: 4
- **nationalcaps2**: 9
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalgoals2**: 2
- **pcupdate**: 11:40, 25 May 2020 (UTC)
Internet fraud

**Internet fraud** means trying to trick or scam someone else using the Internet.  This usually means that the person who is being tricked loses money to the people scamming them.  Internet fraud can take place on computer programs such as chat rooms, e-mail, message boards, or Web sites. Advertisements that pop up on the internet have a big risk of being scams.
Mimar Sinan

**Mimar Sinan** or **Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ** (Ottoman Turkish: ; Modern Turkish: **Mimar Sinan**) (15 April 1489  - 9 April 1588) was an Ottoman architect and civil engineer. He worked for sultans Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II, and Murad III. He worked about fifty years for Ottoman Empire. His masterpiece is the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne. His most famous work is the Suleiman Mosque in Istanbul.

## Infobox (architect)

- **name**: Mimar Sinan
<small>خواجه معمار سنان آغا</small>
- **image**: Mimar Sinan büstü, ODTÜ.jpg
- **nationality**: Ottoman Empire, Ottoman
- **birth date**: c. 1489/1490
- **birth place**: Ağırnas, Karaman Eyalet, Karaman, Ottoman Empire
- **death place**: Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
- **significant buildings**: Süleymaniye Mosque
Selimiye Mosque
Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge
Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Üsküdar), Mihrimah Sultan Mosque
Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex
Şehzade Mosque
Haseki Hürrem Sultan Hamamı, Haseki Baths
Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque
Banya Bashi Mosque
Church of the Assumption (Uzundzhovo), Church of the Assumption
The Ashes

**The Ashes** is series of international cricketmatches played between England and Australia. The series began in 1882, when Australia won its first Test match in England. Newspapers at the time joked that this was a symbol of the death of English cricket, saying that the body would be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia. England's cricket captain said before England's next match against Australia that he would "regain those ashes".

The two teams usually play a series of five matches once every two years. There have been 73 of these series. Australia has won 34 of them and England has won 32, with the others being draws.

## The trophy

A small urn was given to England's captain, Ivo Bligh, after England won the 1882–83 Ashes series. The urn was supposed to contain the ashes of a burnt cricket bail, and was described as "the ashes of Australian cricket". An urn (possibly the same one) was given to the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) by Bligh's widow after he died, and this urn is used (unofficially) as the trophy that the teams try to win. A replica of the urn is usually given to the winning team after each series, but the original urn stays in the MCC's museum.

## Related pages

- Soccer Ashes
- The Women's Ashes

## Infobox (cricket tournament main)

- **name**: The Ashes
- **image**: Ashes Urn.jpg
- **caption**: The Ashes urn, made of terracotta and about 10.5
cm (4") tall, is said to contain the ashes of a burnt Bail (cricket), cricket bail.
- **country**:

- **administrator**: International Cricket Council
- **cricket format**: Test cricket
- **first**: English cricket team in Australia in 1882–83, 1882–83 <small>(Australia)</small>
- **last**: 2023 Ashes series, 2023 <small>(England)</small>
- **next**: 2025–26 Ashes series, 2025–26 <small>(Australia)</small>
- **tournament format**: 5-match series
- **participants**: 2
- **trophyholder**: (Series drawn) (2023)
- **most successful**: (34 series wins, six retentions)
- **most runs**: Donald Bradman (5,028)
- **most wickets**: Shane Warne (195)
- **current**: 2023 Ashes series
Travelcard Zone 6

**Travelcard Zone 6** is the sixth outward concentric zone of the Transport for London zonal system used for calculating co-ordinated inter-modal Travelcard fares within Greater London. In this zonal system, Greater London is split into six (approximately concentric) zones for the purpose of determining the cost of a Travelcard. The zones are also used for pricing London Underground and Docklands Light Railway single journeys, but not single journeys undertaken entirely by bus or tram, for which a system-wide flat fare applies.
Gerresheim

**Gerresheim** is one of the oldest parts of the City of Düsseldorf, Germany. It is in the east of the city. About 28,200 live in Gerresheim today.

## History

In the year 670 a church in Gerresheim is mentioned first time.

In 870 the church the Gerresheim Womans Abbay, St. Margaret's, (Gerresheim Abbey) was founded by Gerricus.

In 1368 got the City Rights by the Counts of Berg.

In the Truchsess War and later the Thirty Years' War Gerresheim was raided some times. Even the nons of Abbay became poorer.
So the city became poorer and lost its attraction.

In 1803 there was no Abbay anymore. In 1809 Gerresheim was taken over by Prussia.
In 1838 Gerresheim got its railway sation.

In 1909 Gerresheim became a part of Düsseldorf.

## Buildings and attractions

- Basilica Saint Margaretha, formerly St. Hippolytus, Roman Catholic church, Romano-Gothic abbey church, sanctified in 1236 in the place of a church of the Staufens.
- The treasures of the church are a crucifix from the 10th century and a Gospel book from the 11th century
- Abbey buildings date from the 13th century
- Quadenhof Castle dates from the 15th century
- Gustav Adolf Church, Protestant (Lutheran) church from 1878

## Sources

- Communal District Administration (German)
- Communal Administration (German)
Independent Spirit Awards 2005

<div style="float: right; font-size: smaller; background-color:#E6E6FA; padding: 12px; margin-left: 5em; margin-bottom: 2em; width: 180px" align="center">

<big>**21st Independent Spirit Awards**</big>

<div style="padding-left: 15px">
March 4, 2006
</div>
---
Best Film:

<big>** Brokeback Mountain **</big>
</div>
The **21st Independent Spirit Awards**, given by Film Independent on 4 March, 2006, awarded who they thought were best in movie for 2005.

### Best Actor

** Philip Seymour Hoffman - _Capote***
- Jeff Daniels - _The Squid and the Whale_
- Terrence Howard - _Hustle & Flow_
- Heath Ledger - _Brokeback Mountain_
- David Strathairn - _Good Night, and Good Luck._

### Best Actress

** Felicity Huffman - _Transamerica***
- Laura Linney - _The Squid and the Whale_
- Dina Korzun - _Forty Shades of Blue_
- S. Epatha Merkerson - _Lackawanna Blues_
- Cyndi Williams - _Room_

### Best Cinematography

** _Good Night, and Good Luck._ - Robert Elswit**
- _Capote_
- _Keane_
- _Last Days_
- _The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada_

### Best Director

** Ang Lee - _Brokeback Mountain***
- Gregg Araki - _Mysterious Skin_
- Noah Baumbach - _The Squid and the Whale_
- George Clooney - _Good Night, and Good Luck._
- Rodrigo García Barcha - _Nine Lives_

### Best Documentary Film

** _Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room***

### Best Film

** _Brokeback Mountain***
- _Capote_
- _Good Night, and Good Luck._
- _The Squid and the Whale_
- _The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada_

### Best First Film

** _Crash***
- _Lackawanna Blues_
- _Cirrincione_
- _Me and You and Everyone We Know_
- _Thumbsucker_
- _Transamerica_

### Best Foreign Language Film

** _Paradise Now_, Palestinian Authority**
- _The Death of Mister Lazarescu (Moartea domnului Lazarescu)_, Romania
- _Duck Season (Temporada de patos)_, Mexico
- _Head-On (Gegen die Wand)_, Germany/Turkey
- _Tony Takitani_, Japan

### Best Screenplay

** _Capote_ - Dan Futterman**
- _Nine Lives_ - Rodrigo García
- _The Squid and the Whale_ - Noah Baumbach
- _The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada_ - Guillermo Arriaga
- _The War Within_ - Ayad Akhtar, Joseph Castelo and Tom Glynn

- Best Screenplay (first):
    - _Transamerica_ - Duncan Tucker

### Best Supporting Actor

** Matt Dillon - _Crash***
- Firdous Bamji - _The War Within_
- Jesse Eisenberg - _The Squid and the Whale _
- Barry Pepper - _The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada_
- Jeffrey Wright - _Broken Flowers_

### Best Supporting Actress

** Amy Adams - _Junebug***_
- Maggie Gyllenhaal - _Happy Endings_
- Allison Janney - _Our Very Own_
- Robin Wright Penn - _Nine Lives_
- Michelle Williams - _Brokeback Mountain_

## Award breakdown

- **2/2**: _Crash_
- **2/3**: _Transamerica_
- **2/4**: _Brokeback Mountain_
- **2/4**: _Capote_
- **1/2**: _Junebug_
- **1/4**: _Good Night, and Good Luck._

Biggest losers:
- **0/6**: _The Squid and the Whale_
- **0/3**: _Nine Lives_
- **0/2**: _Lackawanna Blues_ (TV movie)
- **0/2**: _Me and You and Everyone We Know_
- **0/2**: _Room''
Argostoli

**Argostoli** is a coastal Greek town. It is in Kefalonia island whose is a capital. Also it is a capital of Kefalonia prefecture which is conclude and Ithaca island. According to the 2001 census, 12.589 people lived there. Argostoli has a port and it connects with Peloponnese port, Killini.
Lefkada (city)

**Lefkada City** is a Greek town which is the capital of the Greek island Lefkada. The population of Lefkada City was 10,875 people, according to the 2001 census. It is located in the north of the island Lefkada.

Here is the narrow isthmus which separates Lefkada from continental Greece. Lefkada City is the first place visitors see, going to the island of Lefkada from continental Greece.

Lefkada has many earthquakes, so its houses are built by wood and metal.
Komotini

**Komotini** is a Greek city in Greek Thrace. Thrace is a periphery in the northwest of Greece. Komotini is a capital of Rodopi prefecture. 52.659 people live there. Some of the people are Muslims. Komotini is the second city in Greece which has Muslims. The other city is Xanthi.
Apple Worldwide Developers Conference

The **Apple Worldwide Developers Conference** (**WWDC**, also called "dub-dub") is an event held every year for software developers who create software for macOS and iOS. The first WWDC took place in 1987. After 13 years of being held in early June in San Francisco, California, WWDC returned to San Jose, California in 2017. Sometimes new products are announced at the conference.

Since 2020, WWDC has been an online-only event for the first time due to COVID-19 pandemic. However, since 2023 people can enter an in-person event at Apple Park during WWDC.

WWDC currently focus on operating systems such as iOS, iPadOS, WatchOS, audioOS, tvOS, visionOS and MacOS.

## Attendance

Attendees must be 13 years old or older and member of an Apple Developer program, also, ticket is required to enter the conference. In 2018, WWDC has 6,000 attendees during WWDC18. In 2019, WWDC has 9,000 attendees during WWDC19. In 2020, WWDC no longer have in-person attendance due to COVID-19 pandemic.

## Infobox (recurring event)

- **image**: Apple WWDC wordmark 2024.svg
- **next**: June 2026
- **frequency**: Annually
- **venue**: 2017-2019: San Jose Convention Center
2020-2021: pre-recorded in Apple Park with confidence online
2022-: pre-recorded in Apple Park with confidence online and in-person
- **location**: 2017-2019: San Jose, California
2020-2021: Cupertino, California with digital confidence
2022-: Cupertino, California with in-person and digital confidence
- **country**: United States
- **attendance**: 9,000 (2019)
- **area**: Worldwide
- **organized**: Apple Inc.