Manchester

**Manchester** is a city in North West England. In 2013 there were 514,417 people living there, which makes it the fifth largest city in the United Kingdom.  By the 2021 Census there were 551,938 - the population went up by  0.96% a year.  173,189 were not born in the United Kingdom.

It is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. Manchester was given city status in 1853. The city is in the middle of the Greater Manchester Urban Area, which has 2,240,230 people, and is the United Kingdom's third largest built-up place.

Manchester is a very important city in England, and is often called the "Capital of the North". Manchester has many places for the arts, places for learning, businesses providing media as well as lots of shops. In a poll of British managers in 2006, Manchester was named the best place in Britain to have a business. A report in 2007 said Manchester is a fast-growing city (meaning lots of jobs are being created). Manchester was the host of the 2002 Commonwealth Games. It has two well-known football teams, Manchester United and Manchester City.

In 2023 Greater Manchester Police conducted an operation in the Cheetham Hill district near Strangeways Prison where there had long been a lot of criminal activity.  Operation Vulcan shut down 100 shops in Manchester.  580 tonnes of items, including clothes, drugs and illicit tobacco, were confiscated from 207 shipping containers.  They said this was  the largest ever seizure of counterfeit goods in the UK.  The city councils of Manchester and Salford are proposing a substantial redevelopment of the area.  They would like to move the prison out of Strangeways.

## Geography

Manchester is  northwest of England's capital, London. The city has many canals and rivers which were important to its growth, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries. The largest open space in the city is Heaton Park. It has an area of about . Heaton Park is a place that attracts many people every year. People go there to see the many animals and the beauty of the countryside. Much of Manchester is built-up (or 'urbanised'). Much of Manchester's rain comes over from the Pennines, which are hills to the east of the city. The city is mainly urban areas but also has some areas which are mainly of farmland. To the south of the centre is Manchester Airport. This is the third largest airport in the United Kingdom.

## In popular culture

A revival of the city's importance started in the 1980s. This was partly led by a vibrant music scene whose spirit was called 'Madchester'. It was led by bands such as The Happy Mondays and Joy Division. Indie band The Smiths also came from Manchester.
The scene was partly fuelled by the number of students attending the universities and further education colleges in the city. Manchester has the most students in the United Kingdom in term time.

The University of Manchester is the largest university in the UK. It has over 30,000 students. The city also has the UK's fourth largest university, the Manchester Metropolitan University.

The city has two Premier League football teams,  Manchester United and Manchester City. Football is a very important part of the culture of the city. Many of the people support or show interest in the sport.

## Transport

Manchester and North West England are served by Manchester Airport. The airport has the most passengers in the UK outside London, with 22.1 million passengers in 2007. Planes fly to lots of destinations in Europe, North America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Middle East and Asia (with more destinations from Manchester than from London Heathrow).

Manchester is very well served by train and in terms of passengers, Manchester Piccadilly was the busiest English train station outside London in 2005 and 2006. Northern Rail operates all over the north of England, and other operators include Virgin Trains. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway was the first passenger railway in the world. Greater Manchester has a very big railway network. The city centre has over a lot of park and ride sites. Manchester became the first city in the UK to get a new tram system when the Manchester Metrolink opened in 1992. There are lots of new lines being built.

The city has one of the biggest bus networks outside London with over 50 bus companies operating in the Greater Manchester area around the city. First Manchester and Stagecoach Manchester are the main bus operators. First Manchester also operates three free bus services called Metroshuttle which carry workers around Manchester's business areas.

The Rochdale Canal, the Ashton Canal and the Bridgewater Canal meet in Manchester. Today they are mainly used for leisure. The Manchester Ship Canal is open, but not many boats use it.

## Buildings

Manchester's buildings display many different types of building styles, from Victorian to contemporary architecture. The very common use of red bricks characterises the look of the city. Much Manchester's architecture dates back to its days as a global centre for the trade of cotton. Just outside the city centre is a large number of former cotton mills, some of which have been left mostly untouched since they were closed, while many others have been turned into apartment buildings and office spaces.Manchester Town Hall, in Albert Square, was built in the gothic revival style and is thought of by many to be one of the most important Victorian buildings in all of England.

## Education

There are two universities in the city of Manchester. The University of Manchester, created in 2004 when Victoria University of Manchester and UMIST were combined, is the largest full-time non-collegiate university in the United Kingdom. The Manchester Business School, at the University of Manchester, was the first school to offer an MBA course in the United Kingdom in 1965. Manchester Metropolitan University was created as Manchester Polytechnic on the merger of three colleges in 1970. It was given university status in 1992, and in the same year, combined with Crewe and Alsager College of Higher Education, in South Cheshire.

## Health

There are big differences in the health of people between the richer areas and the poorer parts of the city,  A man from the richest area can expect to live eight years longer.

## Twin cities

Manchester has twinning plans (or "friendship agreements") with lots of places. In addition, the British Council has a "metropolitan centre" in Manchester. Although not an official twin city, Tampere, Finland is known as _"the Manchester of Finland"_ – or _"Manse"_ for short. Also, Ahmedabad, India became the centre of a booming textile industry, and it got the nickname "_the Manchester of the East_."

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|! style="background: #FFFFFF; color: #000000" !|Germany|||||||||||||
|! style="background: #CCCCFF; color: #000000" !|**Chemnitz**|||||||||||||
|! style="background: #FFFFFF; color: #000000" !|_Saxony_|! style="background: #FFFFFF; color: #000000" !|1983|||||||||||
|! style="background: #FFFFFF; color: #000000" !|Spain|||||||||||||
|! style="background: #CCCCFF; color: #000000" !|**Córdoba**|||||||||||||
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|! style="background: #CCCCFF; color: #000000" !|**Saint Petersburg**|||||||||||||
|! style="background: #FFFFFF; color: #000000" !|_Northwestern Federal District_|! style="background: #FFFFFF; color: #000000" !|1962|||||||||||
|! style="background: #FFFFFF; color: #000000" !|China|||||||||||||
|! style="background: #CCCCFF; color: #000000" !|**Wuhan**|||||||||||||
|! style="background: #FFFFFF; color: #000000" !|_Hubei_|! style="background: #FFFFFF; color: #000000" !|1986|||||||||||
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## Further reading

- _General_
- _Culture_

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Manchester
- **nickname**: "Cottonopolis", "List of warehouses in Manchester, Warehouse City", "Madchester", "The Rainy City"
- **settlement type**: City status in the United Kingdom, City and metropolitan borough
- **motto**: "Concilio Et Labore" <small>_"By wisdom and effort"_</small>
- **image skyline**: Manchester_Montage_2017.jpg
- **imagesize**: 270px
- **image caption**: Clockwise from top: Skyline of Manchester City Centre, Beetham Tower, Manchester, Beetham Tower, Manchester Civil Justice Centre, Midland Hotel, Manchester, Midland Hotel, One Angel Square, Manchester Town Hall
- **image shield**: Arms of the City of Manchester.svg
- **shield link**: Symbols of Manchester
- **image map**: Manchester UK locator map.svg
- **pushpin map**: North West England#United Kingdom#Europe
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Manchester within the United Kingdom
- **map caption**: Manchester shown within Greater Manchester
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Sovereign state
- **subdivision name**: United Kingdom
- **subdivision type1**: Countries of the United Kingdom, Constituent country
- **subdivision name1**: England
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of England, Region
- **subdivision name2**: North West England
- **subdivision type3**: City region (United Kingdom), City region
- **subdivision name3**: Greater Manchester Statutory City Region, Manchester
- **subdivision type4**: Ceremonial counties of England, Ceremonial county
- **subdivision name4**: Greater Manchester
- **subdivision type5**: Historic counties of England, Historic county
- **subdivision name5**: Salford Hundred, Lancashire
 <small>(north of River Mersey)</small>
 Cheshire
 <small>(south of River Mersey)</small>
- **governing body**: Manchester City Council
- **government type**: Metropolitan borough
- **leader title**: Executive arrangements#Leader and cabinet, Leadership
- **leader name**: Leader and Cabinet
- **leader title1**: Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom#Unitary authorities, Executive
- **leader title2**: Leader
- **leader name2**: Sir Richard Leese
- **leader title3**: Lord Mayor of Manchester, Lord Mayor
- **leader name3**: June Hitchen
- **leader title4**: Manchester City Council#Chief Executive, Chief Executive
- **leader name4**: Joanne Roney
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1st century
- **established title2**: Town charter
- **established date2**: 1301
- **established title3**: City status
- **established date3**: List of cities in the United Kingdom, 29 March 1853
- **seat type**: Administrative HQ
- **seat**: Manchester <small>(Manchester Town Hall, Town Hall)</small>
- **total type**: City
- **area rank**: List of English districts by area|
- **area urban km2**: 630.3
- **population rank**: List of English districts by population|
- **population blank2 title**: Ethnicity
- **population blank2**: White groups (66.7% )
 Asian (14.4%)
Black (8.6%)
Mixed (4.7%)
Chinese (2.7%)
Arab (1.9%)
 Other (1.2%)
- **population urban**: 2,553,379 (List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, 2nd)
- **population density urban km2**: 4051
- **population metro**: 2,856,000 (List of metropolitan areas in Europe)
- **population demonym**: List of people from Manchester, Mancunian
Manc (_colloq_.)
- **timezone**: Greenwich Mean Time
- **utc offset**: +0
- **timezone dst**: British Summer Time
- **utc offset dst**: +1
- **elevation m**: 38
- **blank name sec1**: Government Statistical Service, GSS code
- **blank info sec1**: E08000003
- **blank1 name sec1**: NUTS of the United Kingdom, NUTS 3 code
- **blank1 info sec1**: UKD33
- **blank2 name sec1**: Ordnance Survey National Grid, OS grid reference
- **blank3 name sec1**: List of motorways in the United Kingdom, Motorways
- **blank3 info sec1**: M56 motorway, M56
M60 motorway, M60
A57(M) motorway (Great Britain), A57(M)
A635(M) motorway, A635(M)
- **blank4 name sec1**: Highways England#The strategic road network, Trunk primary routes
- **blank4 info sec1**: A5103 road, A5103
- **blank5 name sec1**: UK railway stations, Major railway stations
- **blank5 info sec1**: Manchester Airport station, Manchester Airport (United Kingdom railway station categories, B)
Manchester Oxford Road railway station, Manchester Oxford Road (United Kingdom railway station categories, C1)
Manchester Piccadilly station, Manchester Piccadilly (United Kingdom railway station categories, A)
Manchester Victoria station, Manchester Victoria (United Kingdom railway station categories, B)
- **blank6 name sec1**: List of modern tramway & light rail systems in England, Tramways
- **blank6 info sec1**: Manchester Metrolink, Metrolink
- **blank7 name sec1**: List of airports in the United Kingdom and the British Crown Dependencies, International airports
- **blank7 info sec1**: Manchester Airport, Manchester (International Air Transport Association airport code, MAN)
- **postal code type**: List of postcode areas in the United Kingdom, Postcode areas
- **postal code**: M postcode area, M
- **area code type**: List of dialling codes in the United Kingdom, Dialling code
- **area code**: 0161
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:GB, GB-MAN
- **blank name sec2**: Gross domestic product, GDP
- **blank info sec2**: American dollar, US$ 95.3 billion
- **blank1 name sec2**: – Per capita
- **blank1 info sec2**: American dollar, US$ 38,233
- **blank2 name sec2**: List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 2015, MPs
- **blank2 info sec2**: Graham Stringer (Labour Party (UK), L)
Lucy Powell (Labour Party (UK), L)
Afzal Khan (British politician), Afzal Khan (Labour Party (UK), L)
Jeff Smith (British politician), Jeff Smith (Labour Party (UK), L)
Mike Kane (Labour Party (UK), L)
- **blank3 name sec2**: Councillors
- **blank3 info sec2**: 96
- **blank4 name sec2**: European Parliament
- **blank4 info sec2**: North West England (European Parliament constituency), North West England
- **blank5 name sec2**: List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown dependencies and British Overseas Territories, Police area
- **blank5 info sec2**: Greater Manchester Police, Greater Manchester
- **blank6 name sec2**: Fire services in the United Kingdom, Fire service
- **blank6 info sec2**: Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service, Greater Manchester
- **blank7 name sec2**: Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom, Ambulance service
- **blank7 info sec2**: North West Ambulance Service, North West
- **website**: [http://www.manchester.gov.uk/ www.manchester.gov.uk]