juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Arlington Memorial Amphitheater

**Arlington Memorial Amphitheater** is an amphitheater in Arlington National Cemetery. It was built in 1921 to replace an old amphitheater. The amphitheater is next to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

## Other websites

- the Memorial Amphitheater in the Arlington National Cemetery Web site
Fishplate

In rail terminology, a **fishplate**, **splice bar** or **joint bar** is a metal bar that is bolted to the ends of two rails to join them together in a track. The name is derived from _fish_, a wooden bar with a curved profile used to strengthen a ship's mast. The top and bottom edges are tapered inwards so the device wedges itself between the top and bottom of the rail when it is bolted into place. In rail transport modelling, a fishplate is often a small copper or nickel silver plate that slips onto both rails to provide the functions of maintaining alignment and electrical continuity.
The Three Lives of Thomasina

***The Three Lives of Thomasina*** is a 1964 Disney movie directed by Don Chaffey. It stars Patrick McGoohan, Susan Hampshire, and Karen Dotrice. It is based on a book by Paul Gallico. The movie is about an insensitive Scottish veterinarian and his daughter whose beloved cat is restored to life with the help of a beautiful "witch" living in the forest.
A Dog of Flanders (1959 movie)

***A Dog of Flanders*** is a 1959 movie directed by James B. Clark. It stars David Ladd, Donald Crisp, and Theodore Bikel. It is based on a book by Ouida. It is about a grandfather and his grandson who rescue a dog from abuse. The grandson wants to become a painter.
Norman

**Norman** is a male given name. It might also mean:

- Anything related to Normandy, a region in northern France
- Normans, the people of Normandy
- Norman language
- Norman architecture
- Norman, Oklahoma, a city in the U.S. state of Oklahoma

## Related pages

- Norm
- Norma (disambiguation)
Chechen Wikipedia

The **Chechen Wikipedia** — () is the Chechen language edition of Wikipedia.

The Chechen Wikipedia was created on 28 February 2005. Activity was very low, changes mainly were made by bots. There was discontent with the situation. But after discussion in December 2006, a decision was made to keep the Chechen Wikipedia.

On 16 February 2013, there were 1604 articles. After changing administrators team work activated. On 6 June 2013, there were 2200 articles.

## Notable events

- 2013
- 28 April - 2 000 articles
- 16 June - 2 500 articles
- 6 July - 3 000 articles
- 14 July - 10 000 pages
- 27 July - 100 000 edits
- 4 August - 3 333 articles

|colspan="8"|<div style="color:Green">Chechen Wikipedia statistics</div> (2013)|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|28 February|1 604|||||205|201|
|6 June|2 200|||||191|175|
|8 June|2 300|||||188||
|15 June|2 400|||||187||
|16 June|2 500|||||183||
|20 June|2 600|60,7|8 946|92 400|6 578|181||
|29 June|2 700|59,1|9 167|94 413|6 606|179||
|3 July|2 800|55,2|9 323|94 850|6 615|178|141|
|4 July|2 916|50,7|9 468|95 111|6 619|174||
|6 July|3 000|48,1|9 600|95 343|6 623|172||
|13 July|3 101|46,1|9 763|97 496|6 653|169||
|18 July|3 206|43,9|9 939|98 903|6 658|167||
|31 July|3 300|46,8|10 583|101 686|6 700|166|120|
|10 August|3 400|46,3|10 930|103 180|6 732|165||

## Other websites

- Спасем Википедию на чеченском! (_Save the Chechen Wikipedia!_)
- List of Wikipedias by sample of articles

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Chechen Wikipedia
- **collapsible**: Yes
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-ce.png
- **commercial**: No
- **location**: Miami, Florida
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **language**: Chechen
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
Kristen

**Kristen** (also **Kristin**) [ **kris**-t_uh_n ] is a female given name, while some men are given the name. _Kristen_ is the Scandinavian form of the name **Christine**. This name is the feminine version for **Christian**.

## History

The name _Kristen_ has a long history and carries significant meaning. It has been in use for centuries and is derived from the Greek name _Christianos_, which translates to "follower of Christ."

## Popularity

Kristen is a name that has gained popularity in various cultures and is used for both men and women. This is a unique name (not in the top 1,000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## Notable individuals named Kristen

- Kristen Bell, American actress
- Kristen Johnston, American actress
- Kristen Wiig, American actress and comedian
- Kristen Jaymes Stewart, American actress
Eva (name)

**Eva**  [ **ee**-v_uh_ ] is a female given name. It is the Latin form of the English name **Eve**. The name _Eve_ comes from a Hebrew name, meaning "life" or "the living one". In the 1990 United States Census, the name _Eva_ was very popular. Its popularity peaked one year earlier at #31. In 2006, the name ranked at #124. _Eva_ is more common across England and Wales.

## People

- Eva Marie Saint, an American movie and stage actress
- Eva Gabor, Hungarian-American actress, businesswoman, singer, and socialite (1919–1995)
- Eva Longoria, American actress and producer (born 1975)
Jeanne

The name **Jeanne** [ **jee**-nee ] is a female given name which is from French. The name is the equivalent for **Joan** and **Jane**. There are many celebrities with the name, including Jeanne Cooper, Jeanne Moreau and Jeanne Calment. Jeanne is an exquisite and ageless appellation that has maintained its popularity for centuries. Originating from France, it is a variant of the name Jane, which carries the meaning of "God is gracious" or "gift from God." The name Jeanne holds a significant legacy and has been adopted by numerous distinguished individuals over the course of history.

_Jeanne_ was used for three hurricanes in the Atlantic. Hurricane Jeanne in September 2004 killed over three thousand people in the Caribbean Islands and caused heavy damage in eastern Florida. The name _Jeanne_ was then retired and replaced with _Julia_.

## People

- Jeanne Louise Calment, French supercentenarian, oldest human
- Jeanne d'Albret, Queen regnant of Navarre (1528-1572)
- Jeanne Moreau, French actress, singer, screenwriter and director (1928-2017)
- Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes, French noble
Anglo-Norman

The **Anglo-Normans** were mainly the sons, grandsons, etc. of the Normans living in England. Most of the Normans came to England at the time of the Norman conquest in 1066.   A few Normans had settled in England prior to the conquest. After the conquest the Normans, although few in number, controlled most of England. They often married English wives and their children became Anglo-Norman as a result of being of two cultures.

It was during the reign of Henry I of England the term Anglo-Norman was first used in the Hyde Chronicle. The term Anglo-Norman kingdom is first applied to the reign of William the Conqueror. He was the first to bring both England and Normandy under one ruler.
Chechen language

The **Chechen language** is a North Caucasian language which is spoken by more than 1.3 million people. It is spoken mostly in Chechnya and by Chechen people in other places. It is one of the Northeast Caucasian languages.

## Other websites

- _Indigenous Language of the Caucasus (Chechen)_, grammatical sketch of Chechen language
- The Cyrillic and Latin Chechen alphabets
- The Chechen language | Noxchiin mott Wealth of linguistic information.
- Rferl North Caucasus Radio (also includes Avar and Adyghe)
- Chechen Language course including audio  with Russian explanations
- Russian-Chechen On-Line Dictionary
- Chechen basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
- Chechen Cyrillic - Latin converter

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Chechen
- **nativename**: Нохчийн мотт
 Noxçiyn mott
- **states**: Russia
- **region**: Republic of Chechnya
- **speakers**: 1.36 million
- **date**: 2010
- **ref**: e17
- **ethnicity**: Chechens
- **script**: Cyrillic, Latin script, Latin <small>(present)</small>
Arabic script, Arabic, Georgian alphabet, Georgian <small>(historical)</small>
- **familycolor**: Caucasian
- **fam1**: Northeast Caucasian languages, Northeast Caucasian
- **fam2**: Nakh languages, Nakh
- **fam3**: Vainakh languages, Vainakh
- **nation**: Chechnya, Dagestan
- **iso1**: ce
- **iso2**: che
- **iso3**: che
- **notice**: IPA
House of Normandy

The **House of Normandy** is the usual name for the family that were the Dukes of Normandy and Kings of England. they were in power from shortly after the Norman conquest of England and lasted until the House of Plantagenet came to power in 1154. It began with Rollo and his descendants, and from William the Conqueror and his heirs down through 1135. Two of William's grandchildren, Matilda and Stephen of the House of Blois argued over the throne ending the dynasty.

The Norman dukes were:
- Rollo, 911–927
- William I, 927–942
- Richard I, 942–996
- Richard II, 996–1027
- Richard III, 1027
- Robert I, 1027–1035
- William II, 1035–1066 (became King of England)
The Norman monarchs of England and Normandy were:
- William I & II, 1066–1087
- William II, 1087–1100 (not Duke of Normandy)
- Robert II, 1087–1106 (not King of England)
- Henry I, 1100–1135; 1106–1135
- Matilda of England, 1141–1141 (never crowned)
Bonaventure

**Saint Bonaventure** (1221–1274) was a scholastic theologian and a cardinal. He is one of the Doctors of the Church, and is remembered by Catholics on 15 July.

Saint Bonaventure comes from Bagnoregio. He is the patron of children.

## Other websites

- Bonaventure at Catholic encyclopaedia
GameRevolution

***GameRevolution*** (formerly ***Game-Revolution***) or **GR** is a gaming website. It was created in 1996. The website was founded in Berkeley, California. The website includes reviews, previews, a gaming download area, cheats, a merchandise store, webcomics, screenshots, and videos. As of 2013, it is one of the oldest video game review and news site on the Internet.

## Other websites

- Game Revolution
- CraveOnline

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Game Revolution
- **logo**: GameRevolution logo (2022-present).svg
- **url**: [http://www.gamerevolution.com GameRevolution.com]
- **commercial**: Yes
- **type**: Video games
- **owner**: Evolve Media
- **author**: Duke Ferris
- **launch date**: April 1996
- **current status**: Active
GameRankings

**GameRankings** was a gaming review website. The website received reviews from other publications and gave an average rating. It had over 315,000 articles relating to more than 14,500 video games.

GameRankings was owned by CBS Interactive. Similar websites include GameStats, Metacritic, MobyGames, and TopTenReviews.

## Shutdown

In late 2019, GameRankings was shutting down, with every link being moved to Metacritic.

## Other websites

- GameRankings
- "High Scores Matter To Game Makers, Too" , _The Wall Street Journal_, September 20, 2007.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: GameRankings
- **url**: [http://www.gamerankings.com/ GameRankings.com]
- **commercial**: Yes
- **type**: Gaming
- **owner**: CBS Interactive
- **author**: Scott Bedard
- **launch date**: 1999
- **current status**: Defunct
- **dissolved**: 2019
Sandra

The name **Sandra** [ **san**-dr_uh_, **sahn**- ] is a female given name, which is often used for short form of **Alexandra** or **Cassandra**. This name is a form of the masculine name **Alexander**, which from Greek means "protector of man". Many celebrities are named _Sandra_, including Sandra Dee, Sandra Bernhard and Sandra Bullock. This name was also used for tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific region. This name was ranked #998 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People

- Sandra Bullock， German-American actress and producer
- Sandra Dee, actress, model (1942-2005)
- Sandra Cisneros, American novelist, poet, and short story writer
Sandy

The name **Sandy** [ **san**-dee ] is a given name. It can be used for both men and women. It is a short form of the names **Alexander**, **Cassandra** or **Sandra**. The name Sandy is commonly understood to mean "defender of mankind," which originates from the Greek name Alexander that means "defender of the people." Sandy is often used as a nickname for Alexander, but it has also become a popular name on its own. Those with the name Sandy are typically perceived as strong and protective, with a natural inclination to assist others. Another meaning of the name Sandy is "from the sandy shore," which comes from the Old English word "sandig" meaning "sandy." Individuals with this name are frequently associated with the beach and the ocean and may enjoy outdoor activities and water sports. They are often seen as adventurous and free-spirited, with a love of exploration and travel. In some cultures, the name Sandy is linked with the color yellow. This is due to the fact that the term "sandy" can also mean "yellowish-brown" in certain contexts. Those with this name may be regarded as optimistic and cheerful, with a sunny disposition and a positive outlook on life. Furthermore, the name Sandy is associated with the element of fire because the word "sandy" can also mean "fiery" or "passionate" in certain contexts. People with this name may be perceived as intense and passionate, with a strong desire to succeed and a fierce determination to achieve their goals.This name is used more for females than for males. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021). Notable people by the name include baseball player Sandy Koufax, professional golfer Sandy Lyle, and actresses Sandy Duncan and Sandy Dennis. This name was also used for the fictional dog belonging to Annie in _Little Orphan Annie_.

In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy struck the Northeastern United States. The name _Sandy_ was later retired and replaced by _Sara_.

## People

- Sandy Lam, Hong Kong singer
Elena

The name **Elena** is a female given name. It is pronounced [ **el**-_uh_-n_uh_, _uh_-**ley**-n_uh_; _Italian_ e-**le**-nah ].

It is a pan-European variation of **Helen**, which dates to the 12th century. Elena is a Greek moniker that signifies "radiant, gleaming light." This is a lovely name that is frequently connected with brilliance, loveliness, and elegance.  _Elena_ was among the most popular female names given to girls in Russia in 2004, and third most popular in North Macedonia in 2006. This name was ranked #53 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

Hurricane Elena went across the Gulf Coast of the United States in late August/early September 1985. The name _Elena_ was then retired and replaced by _Erika_.

## People

- Elena Kagan, US Supreme Court justice since 2010 (born 1960)
- Elena Obraztsova, Soviet and Russian opera singer
- Elena Anaya. Spanish actress
Dick Figures

**Dick Figures** is an American adult comedy series created and written by Ed Skudder and Zack Keller. Episodes are shown on YouTube. The series is about two best friends named Red and Blue. They are stick figures. The series is rated MA. The first episode, "A Bee or Something", was shown on November 18, 2010. Episodes were uploaded every second week with ten episodes per season. There is currently, however, a big delay with season five as it is planned to be shown after the movie is released sometime in 2013.

## Cast

- Ed Skudder as Red, Raccoon, Mr. Dingleberry
- Zack Keller as Blue, Jason (Trollz0r)
- Ben Tuller as Lord Tourettes
- Shea Logsden as Pink
- Mike Nassar as Broseph
- Lauren Kay Sokolov as Stacy

|colspan="2" rowspan=2|Season|rowspan=2|Episodes|colspan=2|Originally shown||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|bgcolor="#FF5F5F"||**1**|rowspan="4"|10|November 18, 2010|March 24, 2011|
|bgcolor="#02A0E4"||**2**|April 21, 2011|August 25, 2011|||
|bgcolor="#00FF00"||**3**|September 22, 2011|January 26, 2012|||
|bgcolor="#FF85FF"||**4**|April 5, 2012|August 1, 2012|||

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Comedy
- **creator**: Ed Skudder
- **writer**: Ed Skudder
Zack Keller
- **voices**: Ed Skudder
Zack Keller
Shea Logsden
Ben Tuller
- **composer**: Nick Keller
- **country**: United States
- **num seasons**: 5
- **num episodes**: 54 (list of episodes)
- **runtime**: 1-5 minutes
- **company**: Six Point Harness
 Remochoso
- **channel**: Mondo Media
Christina

**Christina** (or **Cristina**) is a female given name. It is pronounced [kri-stee-nuh].

Christina is a name with Greek roots that translates to "Christ's follower". It's a feminine version of the name Christian, which has its origins in the Latin word Christus, meaning "anointed one". The name has been used for many saints. Celebrities with the name include Christina Aguilera, Christina Hendricks, Christina Ricci, Christina Applegate and Christina Milian.This name was ranked #629 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

As _Cristina_, the name has been used for tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Region.

## People

- Saint Christina of Persia, 6th century (feast day: March 13)
- Saint Christina of Bolsena (Christina of Tyre, Christina the Great Martyr) (feast day: July 24)
- Saint Christina the Astonishing (1150 – 1224) (feast day: July 24)
- Christina of Denmark (1521 – 1590), Danish princess
- Princess Christina of the Netherlands, Dutch princess
- Christina of Sweden, Queen regnant 1632
- Christina Applegate (born 1971), American actress
- Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden, Swedish princess, died 1122
- Christina Gyllenstierna (1494–1559), Swedish national heroine
- Cristina Kirchner (born 1953), President of Argentina (2007- )
- Christina Rossetti (1830–1894), English poet
- Christina Aguilera , American singer
- Christina Applegate(born 1971),American actress
Light-second

A **light-second** is a unit of length equal to the distance light in empty space travels in one second, and is exactly 299,792,458 meters.

The light-second is used in telecommunications, astronomy, and physics. In telecommunications, it measures how much time it must take to send a signal a certain distance.
Mélanie Laurent

**Mélanie Laurent** (born 21 February 1983), is a French actress, Director and singer.

She was born in Paris, Île-de-France, France. Her father a voiceover actor, and her mother a ballerina. She grew up in the 9th arrondissement of Paris.

She made her acting debut at the age 16. In 2006, she has starred in French drama film _I'm Fine, Don't Worry_ (_Je vais bien, ne t'en fais pas_), for which she won a César Award for Most Promising Actress. In 2009, she was cast for her role as Shosanna Dreyfus in the Quentin Tarantino film Inglourious Basterds. Laurent singing career began in 2011 and she released her debut studio album, titled _En t'attendant_.

## Filmography

- 1999: _Un pont entre deuxx rives_
- 2001: _Ceci est mon corps_
- 2002: _Embrassez qui vous voudrez_
- 2003: _Snowboarder_
- 2004: _Rice Rhapsody_
- 2004: _Le Dernier jour_
- 2004: _Une vie à t'attendre_
- 2005: _De battre mon cœur s'est arrêté_
- 2006: _Dikkenek_
- 2006: _Je vais bien, ne t'en fais pas_
- 2006: _Indigènes_
- 2007: _La Chambre des morts_
- 2007: _Le Tueur_
- 2008: _Paris_
- 2009: _Jusqu'à toi_
- 2009: _L'Amour caché_
- 2009: _Inglourious Basterds_
- 2009: _Le Concert_
- 2010: _La Rafle_
- 2010: _Beginners_
- 2011: _Un requiem pour une tueuse_
- 2011: _Et soudain, tout le monde me manque_
- 2013: _Insaisissables_
- 2013: _An Enemy_
- 2013: _Night Train to Lisbon_

## Discography

- 2 May 2011: _En t'attendant_

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mélanie Laurent
- **image**: Mélanie Laurent César 2016 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Laurent in 2016.
- **birth place**: France
- **occupation**: Actress, Singer, Writer, Director
- **yearsactive**: 1999 - present
Daniel Adair

**Daniel Patrick Adair** (born February 19, 1975) is a Canadian musician and producer. He is the current drummer of the Canadian rock band Nickelback. He also played for the American rock band 3 Doors Down.

## Career

Adair originally auditioned for David Martone, a guitarist that wanted to start a instrumental fusion band. They shortened the name of the band to _Martone_ and they recorded their first album in 1999.

In the summer of 2002, he auditioned for the band 3 Doors Down and played as their touring and studio drummer. He recorded their third studio album _Seventeen Days_ and live album _Another 700 Miles_.

He left the band in January 2005 and joined Nickelback. He recorded their fifth studio album, _All the Right Reasons_, their sixth studio album, _Dark Horse_ and their seventh studio album, _Here and Now_.

He also recorded drum tracks for James Hart's band Burn Halo.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: First 1970 Guy
- **img**: Nickelback @ Perth Arena (17 11 2012) (8260174853).jpg
- **birth name**: Daniel Patrick Adair
- **birth date**: January 1 1970
- **instrument**: Drums, percussion, vocals
- **genre**: Dance-rock, dance-pop
- **occupation**: Drummer, singer, songwriter, record producer
- **birth place**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
George Brettingham Sowerby I

**George Brettingham Sowerby I** (12 August 1788 – 26 July 1854) was a British naturalist, illustrator, and conchologist (expert on shells).

He was the second son of James Sowerby. With his brother James De Carle Sowerby he continued his father's work on fossil shells. They published the last parts of the _Mineral Conchology of Great Britain_.

Sowerby published about 50 papers on molluscs and started several comprehensive, illustrated books on the subject, the most important the _Thesaurus Conchyliorum_, a work that was continued by his son, George Brettingham Sowerby II and his grandson George Brettingham Sowerby III.

## Works

Partial list
- _A Conchological Manual_ (1839)
- _Thesaurus Conchyliorum_
- _Illustrated Index of British Shells_ (1859)

## Related pages

- Sowerby family

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: George Brettingham Sowerby I
- **image**: Conchological Manual Plate 001.jpg
- **birth date**: 12 August 1788
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **known for**: Conchology, malacology
- **author abbrev zoo**: Sby., Sowerby
Slaviša Stojanovič

**Slaviša Stojanović** (born 6 December 1969) is a former Slovenian footballer and manager. He is currently managing Red Star Belgrade in the Serbian SuperLiga. Stojanović has won the Slovenian PrvaLiga twice with Domžale.
Nodiko Tatishvili

**Nodiko** "**Nodar**" **Tatishvili** (; born 5 November 1986) is a Georgian singer. He performed with Sopho Gelovani for Georgia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmo, Sweden.
Translocation

**Translocation** may mean:
- Translocation (genetics), an abnormality of chromosomes
    - Robertsonian translocation, a chromosomal rearrangement in pairs 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22
    - Nonreciprocal translocation, transfer of genes from one chromosome to another
- PEP group translocation, a method used by bacteria for absorbing sugar
- Translocation (botany), the transport of food through the phloem in plants
- Protein translocation, a process in protein biosynthesis
- Species translocation, movement of a species, by people, from one area to another
Coral snake

The **coral snakes** are a large group of elapid snakes. There are two main groups of coral snakes. These groups are Old World coral snakes and New World coral snakes.

- There are 11 species of Old World coral snake in one genus (_Calliophis_)
- There are over 65 recognized species of New World coral snakes in three genera (_Leptomicrurus_, _Micruroides_, and _Micrurus_).

Coral snakes have notable red, yellow/white, and black colored banding. Most species of coral snake are small. North American species average around  in length, but specimens of up to  or slightly larger have been reported. Coral snakes that live in water have flat tails. These tails act like a fin to help the snake swim.

Like all elapid snakes, coral snakes have a pair of small fangs to deliver their venom (some coral snakes are rear fanged).  These fangs, which are enlarged and hollow, deliver their venom to their prey species. Coral snakes mostly eat smaller snakes, lizards, frogs, and nestling birds and rodents, etc. The venom takes time to take full effect.

Coral snakes often hold on to a victim when biting, unlike vipers. Vipers have retractable fangs and tend to prefer to strike and let go immediately. Coral snakes are not aggressive or prone to biting. They account for less than one percent of the number of snake bites each year in the United States.

## Coral snakes in the U.S.A.

New World coral snakes live in the southern range of many temperate U.S. states. They are found in the southern coastal plain from North Carolina to Louisiana, including all of Florida.

There is debate about whether the Texas coral snake is a separate species. Its habitat, in Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas, is separated from the eastern habitat by the Mississippi River. The coral snake population is most dense in the southeast United States, but coral snakes have been spotted as far north as Kentucky.

The Arizona coral snake, which is a separate genus, is found in central and southern Arizona, extreme southwestern New Mexico and southward to Sinaloa in western Mexico. It lives in dry regions in  thornscrub, desert-scrub, woodland, grassland and farmland. It is found in the plains and lower mountain slopes from sea level to 5800 feet (1768 m); often in rocky areas.
Charlotte

**Charlotte** [shahr-l_uh_t] is a female given name of French origin. It is a female version of **Charles**. The moniker Charlotte has French roots and signifies "free man" or "petite." Its etymology can be traced back to the Old German name Karl, which connotes "man" or "husband." This name was ranked #3 on the US Popular Female Names in 2021. There are many famous people having the name, including Charlotte Church, Charlotte Gainsbourg and Charlotte Arnold. The most famous fictional character with the name is the spider in _Charlotte's Web_.

## People

- Charlotte Brontë, English author
- Charlotte Church, musician
- Charlotte Lennox, English author and poet
- Charlotte Lewis, English actress
- Charlotte Schreiber, Canadian artist and illustrator
- Charlotte Scott, British mathematician
- Charlotte Turner Smith, English poet and novelist

### United States

- Charlotte County, Florida
- Charlotte, Iowa
- Charlotte, Maine
- Charlotte, Michigan
- Charlotte, New Jersey
- Charlotte, New York, a town in Chautauqua County
- Charlotte, Rochester, New York, a neighborhood
- Charlotte, North Carolina
- Charlotte, Tennessee, location of a meteorite fall in 1835
- Charlotte, Texas
- Charlotte, Vermont
- Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands
- Charlotte Amalie West, United States Virgin Islands

### Canada

- Queen Charlotte, British Columbia
- Charlotte County, New Brunswick
- Queen Charlotte Islands, an archipelago off the northwest coast of British Columbia, Canada
- Queen Charlotte Basin, the continental shelf offshore of the British Columbia mainland
- Queen Charlotte Sound (Canada)

### Other places

- Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand

## Food

- Charlotte (cake)
Patricia

**Patricia** [ p_uh_-**trish**-_uh_, -**tree**-sh_uh_ ] is a female given name of Latin origin. It comes from the Latin word _patrician_, meaning noble. The male version of this name is **Patrick**. The name _Patricia_ can be shortened to _Patty_, _Patsy_ or _Trisha_. _Patricia_ was the second most popular female name in the United States, according to 1990 Census. There are many celebrities with the name, including Patricia Arquette, Patricia Clarkson and Patricia Heaton. As _Patty_, the name is being used on Atlantic tropical cyclones. In the Pacific, a hurricane with the name became the most intense on record in the Western Hemisphere. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## People

- Patricia Heaton, American actress
Memory leak

When a program gets executed, it uses memory. In some cases, a poorly-written program may incorrectly manage the memory that has been given to it. As a consequence, the memory that was actually supposed to be reused after the program has finished its job cannot be accessed again. This is known as a **memory leak**.

One of the most common reasons for memory leaks is the program not giving its memory back after it has finished execution.

Memory leaks may result in several issues such as degradation of performance and systems being unresponsive.
Stevens–Johnson syndrome

**Stevens–Johnson syndrome** is a disease of the skin. In most cases, it is caused by an allergic reaction to drugs. This accounts for about half the cases. Lymphoma, and other infections are responsible for most other cases. The disease is characterized by cell death that causes the epidermis to separate from the dermis. Since this is similar to what happens in burn, some of the same methods are used to treat patients.
Tylenol

**Tylenol** is the brandname of acetaminophen or paracetamol (the later two are "generic" drug names).  In the US, Tylenol is owned by Kenvue. Since Septmeber 2025, giving of this drug to by doctors to pregnant women is not encouraged by the Food and Drug Administration due to autism concerns. The drug is used to reduce pain, fever, and relieve the symptoms of allergies, cold, cough, headache, and influenza.
Pierre Coffin

**Pierre-Louis Padang Coffin** (born March 15, 1967) is a French animator and director. He is best known for directing _Despicable Me_ (2010) and _Despicable Me 2_ (2013) as well as the spin-off called _Minions_ released in December 2014.

## Other websites

- Coffin's Site
Benjamin Bratt

**Benjamin Bratt** (born December 16, 1963 in San Francisco, California) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Rey Curtis on the TV series _Law & Order_ and as Ernesto de la Cruz in the 2017 Oscar-winning Disney-Pixar animated movie _Coco_. He also appeared in many movies such as _The River Wild_, _Miss Congeniality_, _Demolition Man_, _Catwoman_, _Blood in Blood Out_, _Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs_, _Traffic_, _La Mission_, _Despicable Me 2_, and _Piñero_. Bratt voiced Benjamin from the TV show _Benjamin Berkins_.

Benjamin Bratt is of Native-Peruvian and European-American descent descent.

## Other websites

- Benjamin Bratt profile at NNDB
- Rare 1989–1990 Footage of Benjamin Bratt Behind the Scenes of Dick Wolf's "Nasty Boys"
- Article "Emmy-Nominated Actor Benjamin Bratt"
- 'The People Speak' - Los Angeles Times

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Benjamin Bratt
- **height**: 6 ft 3 in
- **image**: Benjamin Bratt at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Bratt at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival
- **birth place**: San Francisco, California, U.S.
- **education**: University of California, Santa Barbara (Bachelor of Fine Arts, BFA)
American Conservatory Theater
- **relatives**: Kauchani Bratt (nephew)
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1987–present
- **children**: 2
Chris Renaud

**Chris Renaud** (born 1966 in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American Academy Award-nominated illustrator and filmmaker. He is known for his works in the _Ice Age_ franchise. Recently he is known for his works in _Despicable Me_ and _Despicable Me 2_. Renaud is in the works for a _Despicable Me_ spin-off called _Minions_.

## Other websites

- DC Comics profile
- Interviews
- 2007 interview with animatedviews.com
- 2012 interview  with boxoffice.com
Matt Batts

**Matthew Daniel "Matt" Batts** (October 16, 1921 – July 14, 2013) was a Major League Baseball catcher. He played from 1947 through 1956 for the Boston Red Sox (1947–1951), St. Louis Browns (1951), Detroit Tigers (1952–1954), Chicago White Sox (1954) and Cincinnati Reds (1955–1956).

Batts was born on October 16, 1921 in San Antonio, Texas. He died on July 14, 2013 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana from natural causes, aged 91.

## Other websites

- Baseball Library
- Encyclopedia of Baseball Catchers
A Modest Proposal

***A Modest Proposal*** is a famous work of satire by Irish writer Jonathan Swift. It was written in 1729.

## Other websites

- Text
Amar Bose

**Amar Gopal Bose** (November 2, 1929  July 12, 2013) was an American academic and entrepreneur. An electrical engineer and sound engineer, he was a  professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for over 45 years.

In 2007 he was listed in Forbes 400 as the 271st richest man in the world, with a net worth of $1.8 billion. In 2009, he was no longer on the billionaire list, and returned to the list in 2011, with a net worth of $1.0 billion.

Bose was born on November 2, 1929 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Bose died on July 12, 2013 in Wayland, Massachusetts, aged 83.

## Other websites

- Short biography of Amar Gopal Bose
- Bose at MIT
- Doctoral Thesis
- Bose Breakthrough: Electromagnetic Auto Suspension
- A History of Bose
- Bose Founder Discusses Audio Perfection and Digital Music
- _Business India_ -Interview; July; 2007

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Amar Gopal Bose
- **name**: Amar Bose
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Wayland, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **occupation**: Founder and Chairman of Bose Corporation
- **spouse**: Prema Bose (divorced),
 Ursula Boltshauser (1997-2013)
- **children**: Vanu Bose
Maya Bose
- **alma mater**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Paul Jenkins (actor)

**Paul Jenkins** (August 2, 1938 – July 1, 2013) was an American actor. He appeared on many television programs such as _M*A*S*H_, _Columbo_, _Lou Grant_, _Kojak_, _The Partridge Family_, and in _Starsky and Hutch_. He is mostly known for his roles as Professor Parks in _The Waltons_ and as Eddie in _Dynasty._

Jenkins was born on August 2, 1938 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He retired in 2005. Jenkins died on July 1, 2013, following a brief illness in Los Angeles, California, aged 74.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Paul Jenkins
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California
- **death cause**: Illness
- **known for**: _The Waltons_
_Dynasty (TV series), Dynasty_
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1968–2005
Joe Conley

**Joseph H. Conley, Jr.** (March 3, 1928 – July 7, 2013) was an American actor and writer. He played many small roles on television and is most remembered for his role as the storekeeper Ike Godsey on _The Waltons_.

Conley was born on March 3, 1928 in Buffalo, New York. He was married to Louise Ann Teechen from 1969 until his death in 2013. They had four children. Conley died from complications of dementia in Newburry Park, California, aged 85.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joe Conley
- **image**: Joe Conley.jpg
- **caption**: Conley at _The Waltons_ 40th Anniversary in 2012
- **birth place**: Buffalo, New York
- **death place**: Newbury Park, California
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1950-2002
- **spouse**: Louise Ann Teechen (1969-2013; his death)
- **children**: Erin Elizabeth (b. 1971)
Jana Lynne (b. 1974)
Kevin (b. 1960)
Julie (b. 1961)
Gwen

The name **Gwen** [ gwen ] is a female given name of Welsh origin. It means "white, holy". The name is often a shortened form of **Gwendolyn**. Famous people with the name include the singer Gwen Stefani. Fictional people with the name include Gwen Hotchkiss from the soap opera _Passions_. This name was ranked #855 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People

- Gwen Renée Stefani, American singer-songwriter
- Gwen Shamblin Lara, American writer (1955-2021)
- Gwen Ifill, American journalist, television newscaster and author (1955-2016)
- Gwen Graham, American attorney, politician and member of the Democratic Party
Clarissa

**Clarissa** is a female given name. It is pronounced [ kl_uh_-ris-_uh_ ]. It comes from the German name **Clarice**. _Clarice_, in turn, comes from the Latin word _Clarus_, which means "bright, clear or famous". _Clarissa_ also has a Greek origin, meaning "brilliant".This name was ranked #946 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

People with the name include Clara Barton, who was born Clarissa Harlowe Barton. A fictional teenage character named Clarissa was played by Melissa Joan Hart in _Clarissa Explains It All_ during the early to mid 1990s.

## People

- Clarissa Davis (b. 1967), American coach and Women's Basketball hall-of-famer
- Clarissa Dickson Wright (1947-2014), English celebrity chef
- Clarissa Eden, Countess of Avon (b. 1920)
- Clarissa Pinkola Estés (b. 1945), American poet
- Charissa Thompson, American sportscaster

## Places

- Clarissa, Minnesota, a small city in the United States

## Science

- 302 Clarissa, an asteroid

## Media

- _Clarissa (film)_, a 1941 German film
- _Clarissa Explains It All, a U.S. television sitcom
- _Clarissa (TV series)'', a British television drama series
Marcia

The name **Marcia** [ **mahr**-sh_uh_ ] is a female given name which comes from Latin. It means "dedicated to Mars". _Marcia_ also means "proud, warlike, martial". It is a feminine form of **Marcus**. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

People who have the name include entertainers Marcia Cross and Marcia Wallace. Fictional people include Marcia Brady from _The Brady Bunch_.

## People

- Marcia Gay Harden, American actress
- Marcia Wallace, American actress and comedian (1942-2013)
- Marcia Strassman, American actress and singer (1948-2014)
Joanna

**Joanna** [ joh-**an** ] is a female given name. Forms in the English language include **Joan**, **Joanne** and **Jeanne**. The earliest recording for the name _Joanna_ is from Gospel of Luke. Joanna is a name that has been in style for many years. It's a girl's name with a fascinating background and significant significance. The name Joanna originates from the Hebrew name Yohanan, which translates to "God is gracious." There are many famous people and celebrities named _Joanna_, including Joanna Kerns, Joanna Cassidy and Joanna García. There was also a hit song named "Joanna" that was performed by Kool & the Gang in the 1980s.

There is No Doubt that Joanna is beautiful name.

## People

- Joanna Angel, American pornographic actress and director
Government of Japan

The **Government of Japan** is a constitutional monarchy, like the United Kingdom. The head of state is the Emperor of Japan, Emperor Naruhito, while most executive power rests with the Prime Minister of Japan, currently Sanae Takaichi, and her Cabinet. The Diet of Japan is the legislative branch or Parliament, made up of two houses. The upper house, the House of Councillors, is the subject of a national election every three years; the last election was in July 2022, when half of the seats for six year terms were voted on.

## Other websites

- Japanese Consulate-General in San Francisco- FAQ
- Asahi website on the Upper House election

## Infobox (government agency)

- **type**: Government
- **logo**: Go-shichi no kiri crest 2.svg
- **formed**: 1867
- **headquarters**: Tokyo
Physical geography

**Physical geography** is one of the two major subfields of geography. Physical geography is related to geology, because it is about the processes and patterns in the natural environment. Some of the things this includes are the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, landforms and terrain. Physical geography influences what people do. For example, few live in deserts, and many live in cities near a big river.
Chuck Comeau

**Charles-André "Chuck" Comeau** (born September 17, 1979) is a Canadian musician. He is the current drummer of the Canadian pop punk band Simple Plan.

## Career

Comeau originally started his musical career with the band Reset which he formed in 1993 with bandmate Pierre Bouvier. He left Reset in 1998 to pursue a degree in law at McGill University.

He reunited with Bouvier at a Sugar Ray concert and after he left school, he formed Simple Plan with Bouvier. Aside from drumming, Comeau writes lyrics for the band. In 2008, he was a judge for the 7th annual Independent Music Awards.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Chuck Comeau
- **img**: Comeau622.JPG
- **img capt**: Comeau playing with Simple Plan at Six Flags New England on June 22, 2008
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Charles-André Comeau
- **origin**: Montréal, Québec, Canada
- **instrument**: Drum kit, drums, Percussion instrument, percussions, guitar
- **genre**: Pop punk, pop rock, alternative rock, punk rock
- **occupation**: Musician, Actor
- **years active**: 1993–_present_
- **label**: Lava Records, Lava, Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **associated acts**: Simple Plan, Reset (band), Reset
Multitasking (iOS)

**Multitasking** is a feature available on iOS that allows multiple applications to run and perform tasks at the same time. It is available in iOS 4 or later. Multitasking features for iPad were added, including Spilt View and Picture in Picture, since iOS 9.

Multitasking was first released in June 2010 with the release of iOS 4.0.  Only iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, and iPod Touch 3rd generation were able to use multitasking. The iPad did not get multitasking until iOS 4.2 was released in November 2010. Multitasking is currently supported on iPhone 3GS or newer, iPod Touch 3rd generation or newer, and all iPad models.

### Fast app switching

Fast app switching lets apps to pause and resume themselves quickly and easily change to other apps.An app that is on the screen is "running". An app that is not on screen but is still in memory is "suspended". All apps that are built with iOS 4 SDK support fast app switching if running on iOS 4 and a compatible device. Users can use fast app switching by opening the multitasking bar. The multitasking bar can be displayed by double-tapping the home button.

### Task completion

Task completion lets apps continue a certain task after the app has been suspended. Apps can ask for up to ten minutes to complete a task in the background in iOS 4.0 or later.

### Running in the background

Apps can run in the background by using background APIs. The following are available in iOS 4.0 or later:
- Audio—plays audio
- Location—uses location services
- VOIP—makes VOIP calls
The following two APIs were added in iOS 5.0:
- Newsstand—downloads content for Newsstand
- External accessory—interacts with an external accessory

## Related pages

- Multitasking
Gordon

The name **Gordon** [ **gawr**-dn ] is a masculine given name in the English language. Gordon is a timeless name with a fascinating background. It originates from Scotland and is rooted in the Gaelic language, where "gor" translates to "spacious" or "large," and "dun" means "fortress" or "castle." As a result, the name Gordon signifies a "large fort" or a "spacious castle." People who have the name _Gordon_ include race-car driver Jeff Gordon, and English actress Lucy Gordon. The name has been used on several hurricanes over the Atlantic Basin. In November 1994, Hurricane Gordon moved through Jamaica, Cuba, Hispaniola and the southeastern United States. This name was ranked #925 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People

- Gordon Brown, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2010
- Gordon Moore, American businessman (1929–2023)
- Gordon Banks, English association football player (1937-2019)
Barnum Museum

The **Barnum Museum** is a museum in Bridgeport, Connecticut. It collects memorabilia pertaining to 19th century circus showman, P. T. Barnum.
Denise

**Denise** is a female given name. It is pronounced [ d_uh_-**nees**, -**neez** ].It is a feminine form of the masculine name **Dennis**. The name _Denis's_ means "to be devoted to Bacchus". This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).、

## People

- Deniece Williams, American R&B and soul singer
- Denise Richards, American actress
- Denise Darcel, actress
- Denise Robertson, British writer and television broadcaster (1932-2016)
- Denise Lewis, British athlete
Abigail

**Abigail** is a feminine given name. The name is from the Hebrew name _Avigail_, which indicates "father rejoice". This was a popular name, especially in 2005.The pronunciation of this name is [ ab-i-geyl ].The name can be shortened to **Abbie** or **Abby**.

The shorthand _Abby_ was used for several Atlantic hurricanes in the 1960s.

This name was ranked #17 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

People with the name include Abigail Breslin, Abigail Adams and Abbie Cornish.

## People named Abigail

- Abigail Adams (1744–1818), wife of U.S. President John Adams
- Abigail Breslin (born 1996), American actress
- Abbie Cornish (born 1982), Australian actress
- Abigail Fillmore (1798–1853), wife of U.S. President Millard Fillmore
- Abigail and Brittany Hensel, (born 1990), American conjoined twins
- Abigail (born as Abigail Rogan) (born 1946), Australian actress
- Abigail Kubeka (born 1945), South African jazz musician and actress
- Abigail Spears (born 1981), American tennis player
- Abigail Goldman, American journalist
- Abigail Spencer, American actress
Tosa (dog)

The **Tosa Inu** () also called the **Japanese Mastiff** is a breed of dog of Japan.  It was originally bred in Tosa (present day Kōchi) as a fighting dog and still today is a known fighting dog.

## Appearance

The Japanese breed generally weighs between 40 and 60 kg, while the non-Japanese breeders have focused on dogs that weigh from 55 to 95 kg and stand 24.5 to 31 inches (62 to 80 cm) at the withers.
The coat is characterized by its short and smooth appearance and is often red, brindle, or fawn. Occasionally it can be a dull black, but this is somewhat rare. Maintenance of the coat is usually minimal. Dogs should be very muscular and athletic. Tosa is a very resistant to pain and physical exhaustion.

## History

This breed originated in the second half of the nineteenth century in Japan. The breed started from the native Shikoku-Inu, an indigenous dog weighing about 25 kilograms (45 pounds) and standing about 55 centimetres high, which closely resembles the European Spitz.  These dogs were crossed with European dog breeds, such as the Old English Bulldog in 1872, Mastiff in 1874, St. Bernard, German Pointer in 1876,  Great Dane in 1924, and the Bull Terrier.  The aim was to breed a larger, more powerful and very fast agile fighting dog. Today it is still used in some countries as a fighting dog, but usually it is kept as a pet where it is ideal companion. In family environment Tosa is patient and very friendly in attitude.

## Other websites

- Shakuhachi Imperial Tosa-inu
- Tosa Inu Information Pages
- Wielie Walie Tosa Inu
- Molosserworld's Tosa Inu Page
- More Japanese dog breeds
- Greatbreed.com
- Ostuni, Steve (2003) _Japanese Tosa_.  Allenhurst: Kennel Club Books. .
- Tosa Inu Information Pages
Computer data storage

**Computer data storage** is the name for a number of components of a computer. The main purpose of these components is to store data. The central processing unit is then able to fetch and change the data. In most computers, there is a computer memory hierarchy: Memory that is "closer" to the CPU is usually faster to access, but it is also smaller; data that is stored in this kind of memory usually needs electrical power to keep the data.

Memory that is farther away is usually slower to access, but also bigger. Classical storage media of this kind of data include hard drives and USB flash drives. Some media offer even more capacity, but accessing them is very slow. Examples for such media are tape drives. Modern CPUs have registers that can store data, they also often have several levels of cache.

Finally, there is the main memory the CPU can access. These three are usually referred to as _Primary_ data storage. Some computers also have a cache memory.

Secondary storage is usually not directly accessible by the CPU, and data needs to be transferred to primary storage to be available. Secondary storage includes hard drives and non-volatile random-access memory. Tertiary storage is used for archival and backup; very often it is copied to secondary storage before use. Software is sometimes distributed by tertiary media such as magnetic tape and CD-ROM.

## Related pages

- Hard drive
- USB flash drive