juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tumbler Ridge

**Tumbler Ridge** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on B.C. Rockies region and is in the Peace River regional district.

The population of Tumbler Ridge was 2,399 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of Tumbler Ridge is Darryl Krakowka.

In 2000, dinosaur tracks were discovered in Tumbler Ridge along with dinosaur bones being found in 2002. In 2014, Tumbler Ridge was chosen as a member of the UNESCO Global Geoparks. The space of the park is 7,822km<sup>2</sup> with much of the park encompassing the places where fossils of dinosaur tracks and Triassic fishes and other marine reptiles have been found.

On February 10, 2026, a shooter killed 10 people including themselves in a school shooting at Tumbler Ridge Secondary School.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: District of Tumbler Ridge
- **settlement type**: List of district municipalities in British Columbia, District municipality
- **motto**: "Invitatio Prosperitati"
- **image skyline**: TumblerRidgeTownHall.jpg
- **imagesize**: 240px
- **image caption**: Tumbler Ridge Town Hall
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map**: British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin label**: Tumbler Ridge
- **pushpin map caption**: Where Tumbler Ridge is located in British Columbia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Regional districts of British Columbia, Regional district
- **subdivision name2**: Peace River Regional District, Peace River
- **leader title**: Governing Body
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Darryl Krakowka
- **leader title2**: Current members of the Canadian House of Commons, MP
- **leader name2**: Bob Zimmer
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLA
- **leader name3**: Larry Neufeld
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: April 9, 1981
- **area total km2**: 1558.97
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 2,399
- **population density km2**: 266.6
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, MST
- **utc offset**: -7
- **elevation m**: 830
- **postal code type**: Postal code span
- **postal code**: V0C 2W0
- **area code**: Area code 250, 250/Area code 778, 778/Area code 236, 236
- **website**: [https://www.districtoftumblerridge.ca/ District of Tumbler Ridge website]
Rebecca Schmoe

**Rebecca Schmoe** is an American politician who is a member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 59th district. She was elected in November 2022, and she took office on January 9, 2023.

## Biography

Schmoe has lived in Franklin County, the place she represents, for over 20 years.

Schmoe is a speaker for the organization 1 Million Moms Against Gun Control, and is the Kansas director for The DC Project. She is Christian.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rebecca Schmoe
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **state house**: Kansas
- **district**: 59th
- **term start**: January 9, 2023
- **predecessor**: Blaine Finch
Abdullah Chakralawi

**Abdullah Chakralawi** (d. 1916) was a Quranist scholar. He founded the community of _the_ _Ahl aḏ-Ḏhikr wa-l-Qurʾān_ (_Ahl al-Qurʾān_ for short) in Lahore. He was convinced that the Qur'an was so comprehensive that it was sufficient as a divine source for the guidance of Muslims, and therefore the rest of the written tradition, including the Hadiths and earlier Quranic commentaries, could be excluded. Thus, Chakralawi and his followers, in contrast to their predecessors, rejected the Hadiths as a whole recognising only the Qur'an as an authoritative and valid source on theological and ritual issues, and breaking away from classical exegetical methods. Between 1903 and 1932, they also published the journal _Ishāʿat al-Qurʾān_.
Eddy Antoine

**Eddy Antoine** (27 August 1949 – 8 February 2026) was a Haitian footballer who played as a midfielder. He was capped 13 times for Haiti, and played for them at the 1974 FIFA World Cup.

Antoine died on 8 February 2026, at the age of 76.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Eddy Antoine
- **birth place**: Haiti
- **death place**: New York City, United States
- **position**: Midfielder
- **years1**: 1973–1975
- **clubs1**: Racing CH
- **years2**: 1975
- **clubs2**: New Jersey Brewers
- **years3**: 1978
- **clubs3**: Chicago Sting
- **caps3**: 6
- **goals3**: 1
- **years4**: 1979
- **clubs4**: Racing CH
- **nationalyears1**: 1973–1977
- **nationalteam1**: Haiti national football team, Haiti
- **nationalcaps1**: 13
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
System of a Down (album)

***System of a Down*** is the debut studio album by System of a Down. The album was released on June 30, 1998.
Varija Bajaj

**Varija Bajaj** is an Indian fashion designer from Delhi. She is known for her women's workwear and and modern Indian clothing.

## Life

Bajaj studied Philosophy at Miranda House, University of Delhi, Advertising and Marketing at St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, and earned a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom.
In 2016, her collection had models wearing a traditional Indian head covering called a turban (pagdi). In 2017, she presented her “Vrindavan” collection. It was created to challenge social stigma against widows in India.

## Philanthropy

Bajaj is the chairperson of Varija Life, a non-governmental organization (NGO). The group works to support the rights of people with disabilities. It organizes the National Ability Summit, a conference that promotes disability inclusion. Varija Life organized National Ability Summit to highlight opportunities for disability inclusion in diverse fields. Varija Life has also started inviting applications for research on adaptive clothing. Over 27 prominent colleges across India are part of the research.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Varija Bajaj
- **occupation**: Fashion designer
David Shapell

**David Shapell** (February 4, 1921 – February 8, 2015) was American real estate developer and philanthropist born in Poland. He was a Holocaust survivor. He co-founded one of the largest real estate companies in Southern California. He supported Jewish charities in the United States and Israel.

## Life

David Shapell was born as David Czapelski in Wolbrom, Poland. During World War II, he escaped Poland and fought in the Polish army under Soviet control. Most of his family were killed by the Nazis. Only his brother Nathan and one sister survived. After the war, he lived in Germany, and then moved to the United States.

Shapell first worked in a grocery store in Detroit with his brother Nathan. In 1955, they moved to Los Angeles. They co-founded a real estate company with their brother-in-law Max Webb. The company, called Shapell Industries, became one of the largest developers in Southern California. It was bought by Toll Brothers in 2013.

## Philanthropy

Shapell gave money to the Israel Defense Forces and Jewish schools in Jerusalem. In 2006, he helped create the David and Fela Shapell Family Shoah and Heroism Study Center for Youth at Yad Vashem in Jerusalem. He also supported the National Library of Israel in Jerusalem and Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. He was trustee of the Jewish human rights organization Simon Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles. He donated $15 million to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: David Shapell
- **birth name**: David Czapelski
- **birth date**: February 4, 1921
- **birth place**: Wolbrom, Second Polish Republic, Poland
- **death place**: Israel
- **occupation**: Real estate developer, philanthropist
Franco-Thai War

The **Franco-Thai War** (Thai: กรณีพิพาทอินโดจีน or สงครามอินโดจีน; French: Guerre franco-thaïlandaise) was a war between Thailand and the Vichy France in the territory of French Indochina during the Pacific War, which was a part of World War II).

## Related pages

- Franco–Siamese War

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Franco-Thai War
- **part of**: the Pacific War of World War II
- **image**: Bangkok Victory Monument.jpg
- **width**: 200px
- **caption**: Victory Monument in downtown Bangkok
- **date**: 9 May 1940 – 1941
- **place**: French Indochina
- **result**: Unclear.
A Ceasefire, ceasefire was reached through Japan's mediation.
- **combatant1**:

* French Indochina
- **commander1**: Jean Decoux
- **commander2**: Plaek Phibunsongkhram
- **병력1**: 정규군: 12,000명

식민지군: 38,000명

전차: 경전차 20대

항공기: 100대 미만
- **병력2**: 병력: 60,000명

전차: 134대

항공기: 140대 미만

군함: 18척
- **사상자1**: 전사 및 부상 321명, 실종 178명, 포로 222명, 항공기 22대 상실
- **사상자2**: 전사 54명, 부상 307명, 포로 21명, 항공기 피해 8~13대
- **partof**: the Pacific War of the Second World War
- **strength1**: Regular: 12,000
Colonial: 38,000
Tanks: 20 light tanks
Aircraft:<100
- **strength2**: Troops: 60,000
Tanks: 134
Aircraft: <140
Warships: 18
- **casualties1**: 321 Killed in action, KIA and Wounded in action, WIA, 178 Missing in action, MIA, 222 POW, POWs, 22 aircrafts loss
- **casualties2**: 54 Killed in action, KIA, 307 Wounded in action, WIA, 21 POW, POWs, 8–13 aircrafts damaged
Friedrich Wöhler

**Friedrich Wöhler** (31 July 180023 September 1882) was a German chemist. He is best known for the discovery of isomerism and the Wöhler synthesis of urea, the first example of a total synthesis in organic chemistry.

## History

Wöhler was a student of the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius, one of the founders of modern chemistry.

In 1827, Wöhler made his most significant discovery. A reaction between silver nitrate and potassium cyanate made silver cyanate, which Wöhler gave the formula .

This was the same elements, in the same amounts, as Justus von Liebig had found in silver fulminate, but the two compounds were very different: the fulminate is an explosive, but the cyanate is not. Liebig challenged Wöhler's discovery, but after reviewing Wöhler's data, he agreed that silver cyanate had the same formula as silver fulminate.

Before this discovery, chemists believed that chemicals could only be different if made of different elements. Wöhler's experiment disproved this, showing that different chemicals could be made of the same elements. In a 1930 book. Berzelius named this idea "isomerism", from the Greek language roots _iso_ meaning "same" and _mer_ meaning "part".
Total synthesis

In organic chemistry, **total synthesis** is a way of making a complicated organic compound from simple laboratory chemicals, normally inorganic compounds.

Total synthesis is mostly used in basic research, where it is used to study chemical reactions and find new tools for organic synthesis. In the chemical industry it is normally cheaper or easier to make complex molecules from other complex molecules rather than starting from simple ones.

## History

The first total synthesis was the Wöhler synthesis of urea, which Friedrich Wöhler discovered by accident in 1828.
F.C. Arzignano Valchiampo

**F.C. Arzignano Valchiampo** is an Italian football club from Arzignano, that plays in Serie C.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Arzignano
- **image**: 600px Celeste e Giallo2.png
- **fullname**: Football Club Arzignano Valchiampo
- **nickname**: Oro celesti (Golds and azures)
- **founded**: 1920
- **ground**: Stadio Tommaso Dal Molin
- **capacity**: 1,690
- **chairman**: Lino Chilese
- **manager**: Daniele Di Donato
- **league**: Serie C
- **season**: Serie C 2024-2025, 2024-2025
- **position**: 10th (group A)
- **current**: 2025-2026 F.C. Arzignano Valchiampo season
USS Nevada (BB-36)

The USS Nevada was an American battleship and the first ship of the Nevada Class. The building of the ship started on November 4th, 1912 and was commissioned in 1916. It fought during World War 1. The USS Nevada is best known for being the only battleship that was able to try to leave during the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor. After the War, Nevada would be sunk during the Operation Crossroads Atomic bomb tests.

### World War 1

During World War 1 USS Nevada was in the Western Atlantic and Caribbean until mid 1918 when she went to the British Isles to protect cargo ships.

### Interwar

After the war USS Nevada returned to the United States. USS Nevada also took part in the United States Navy's Goodwill Cruise in 1925 In 1927 USS Nevada went to the Norfolk Navy Yard to receive a modernization.

### World War 2

The United States entered World War 2 on December 8th, 1941, one day after the Attack on Pearl Harbor. During which she was the only battleship able to sail. During the first wave, the Nevada was hit by a torpedo from a Type 97 "Kate" Attack Bomber. During the second wave Nevada was the primary target of Japanese Vals.
Coumarin derivative

**Coumarin derivatives** are organic compounds related to coumarin by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with other functional groups. The most important family of coumarin derivatives are **4-hydroxycoumarins**, which are used as both medicines and pesticides.
2026 Tumbler Ridge shootings

On February 10, 2026, a mass shooting occurred when he opened fire at Tumbler Ridge Secondary School in Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia, Canada. Of the people fatally shot, 6 were in the school, another died on the way to the hospital, and two others were killed at a house. 5 of the victims that died were children aged 12-13. 27 others were injured.

The attack was the deadliest mass shooting in Canadian history since the 2020 Nova Scotia attacks. It was also the deadliest school shooting in Canada since the École Polytechnique massacre in 1989.

## Background

In 2026, the school had about 175 students.

## Shooting

At 1:20 p.m., Royal Canadian Mounted Police started to receive calls that an active shooting was taking place at Tumbler Ridge Secondary School. An emergency alert was sent out and students barricaded themselves inside the school. RCMP rushed to the school within two minutes and found the shooter had committed suicide at the school from a self-inflicted gunshot wound.

## Suspect

The suspect was first identified as "a female in a dress with brown hair". RCMP later confirmed 18-year-old Jesse van Rootselaar of Tumbler Ridge as the perpetrator. They stated that van Rootselaar was "born as a biological male" and had "identified as female, both socially and publicly" for around six years by then. The perpetrator was a trans woman. Van Rootselaar had a history of poor mental health. The shooter dropped out of school in 2022.

## Reactions

Several World leaders expressed condolences to those affected by the shootings.

The incident has re-sparked discussion about trans shooters.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: Tumbler Ridge shooting
- **location**: Tumbler Ridge Secondary School,
Tumbler Ridge, British Columbia, Canada
- **map caption**: Location of Tumbler Ridge Secondary School in Tumbler Ridge, BC
- **time-begin**: Around 1:20 p.m.
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, MST
- **fatalities**: 10 (including the perpetrator)
- **injuries**: 27
- **motive**: Under investigation
- **target**: Students and staff at Tumbler Ridge Secondary School
Frederic Remington

**Frederic Remington** (October 4, 1861 – December 26, 1909) was an American painter and sculptor. He became famous with his pictures of cowboys and native americans, in the genre of Western American Art.
Barhebraeus

**Gregory Barhebraeus** or **Bar Hebraeus** (; 1226 – 30 July 1286), also known as **Abu al-Faraj** and in Latin, **Abulpharagius**, was the maphrian (regional primate) of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1264 until his death in 1286. He is recognised as one of the most accomplished and multifaceted academics of the medieval Syriac Christian world, with important contributions to the fields of theology, philosophy, history, linguistics, medicine, and the natural sciences.
Grignard reagent

**Grignard reagents** are a type of chemical compound. They are used in the Grignard reaction, an important tool used in organic synthesis to make new chemical bonds between carbon atoms.

Grignard reagents have three parts: an organic group, written as R, a magnesium atom, and a halogen atom written X. The chemical formula for a Grignard reagent is written . These reagents are normally a coordination complex with solvent molecules, not a pure solid, so the formula is also sometimes written including them. For example, a solution of methylmagnesium chloride in tetrahydrofuran could be written .

## Preparation

Grignard reagents are normally made from an organohalide and magnesium metal. The normal reaction mechanism starts with a single electron transfer from the magnesium atom to the organohalide, which breaks apart into a halide anion and an organic radical. The radical then bonds with the  radical cation, finishing the reagent.

For example, the reaction of chloromethane and magnesium:

## Reactions

Grignard reagents  are normally treated as equivalent to the  carbanion. They are very strong nucleophiles and bases, and will react with any source of hydrogen ions to make an alkane and magnesium salts. This means they cannot be used in protic solvents like water.

The most important reaction for Grignard reagents is the Grignard reaction. In this reaction, they react with electrophilic carbon atoms in carbonyl compounds, making magnesium alkoxides. A workup with water normally changes the alkoxide into an alcohol.
Typecasting

**Typecasting** is the practice of choosing actors for a single type of role, based on their personality, previous roles, or coming from a social or ethnic group.

Actors are sometimes so strongly identified with a role, that it makes it difficult for them to find work playing other characters. It is especially common among leading actors in popular television series and movies. Some actors are happy to remain typecast, but others wish to broaden their repertoire and take on different roles.

## Examples

- Bela Lugosi, Boris Karloff, Christopher Lee and Vincent Price in horror movies
- Erich von Stroheim as a German officer and spy
- Fay Wray as a victim of King Kong and many other horror figures
- John Wayne as a Western hero
- Theda Bara and Marlene Dietrich as vamps
- Jean Harlow as a gold digger
- Marilyn Monroe and Jayne Mansfield as sex symbols and dumb blondes
- Bruce Lee as a hero and Jackie Chan as a slapstick hero in martial arts movies
- Michael Madsen as a villain in _Reservoir Dogs_ and other movies
- Jerry Lewis and Adam Sandler as goofy, childish men in comedy movies
- Danny Trejo as a Mexican criminal
- Lupe Ontiveros as a Mexican or Hispanic maid
- Bud Spencer and Terence Hill as movie duo heroes in Spaghetti Westerns and as slapstick heroes in action comedies
Pac-Man Collection

***Pac-Man Collection*** is a 2001 video game made by Mass Media and published by Namco for the Game Boy Advance. It includes four _Pac-Man_ games, which are the first ever _Pac-Man_ from 1980, _Pac-Mania_ from 1987, _Pac-Attack_ from 1993, and _Pac-Man Arrangement_ from 1996, which was only on arcades before this game. Getting good reviews and selling 2.9 million copies, it is in the top 10 most-bought Game Boy Advance games ever.

Pac-Man Collection has no multiplayer games. _Pac-Attack_ is a puzzle game unlike the other games, which are based off of the first _Pac-Man_ game. The game was added to the Wii U's Virtual Console in 2014.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Pac-Man Collection
- **image**: Game Boy Advance.jpg
- **caption**: The Game Boy Advance, the console that the game is on
- **developer**: Mass Media (company), Mass Media
- **publisher**: Namco
- **series**: _List of Pac-Man video games, Pac-Man_
- **platforms**: Game Boy Advance
- **modes**: Single-player
False Creek

**False Creek** is a short inlet in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It flows directly through the heart of Vancouver and connects from English Bay in the northwest.

Many neighbourhoods surround the inlet including Downtown and West End which are separated by False Creek. Strathcona is in the east and Mount Pleasant, Fairview, and Kitsilano are in the south. Along False Creek are many bridges that cross over the inlet. This includes the Cambie, Granville, and Burrard Bridges. It is a very popular place to visit in Vancouver with many sports such as rowing and kayaking being common. The Canadian International Dragon Boat Festival has also been held on False Creek since 1986.

Before European contact, Coast Salish peoples lived in the area for at least 4500–5000 years where they fished and settled. Smallpox outbreaks devastated the indigenous populations and almost two-thirds of the population were killed by the disease in 1782. In June 1792, European contact was made when Captain George Vancouver approached the area while he was exploring the inner harbour of Burrard Inlet.

During the 1950s, the lumber industry started to boom in False Creek after the sawmill was built and it was later devastated by a massive five-alarm fire. In 1972, the Official Development Plan was introduced which approved the building of a seawall, housing units, a marina, and a waterfront market.

The 1980s brought Expo 86 to Vancouver. With the introduction of the world's fair, more construction started along False Creek. Many high-rise condominium were built alongside the inlet after the fair was over.

## Infobox (body of water)

- **name**: False Creek
- **image**: False Creek 2018.jpg
- **caption**: View of False Creek in 2018
- **location**: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- **type**: Inlet
- **part of**: English Bay, Vancouver, English Bay
- **countries**: Canada
- **islands**: Granville Island
Tobias Enström

**Ulf Tobias Enström** (born 5 November 1984) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played parts of 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played his entire NHL career for the Atlanta Thrashers/Winnipeg Jets franchise. Outside of the NHL, Enström played for Modo Hockey of the Elitserien and EC Red Bull Salzburg of the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga (EBEL).

Enström is a one-time All-Star, being named one in 2011.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Enström played parts of five seasons with Modo Hockey of the Elitserien. He helped Modo during the playoffs. They defeated Timrå IK and HV71. They eventually went on to defeat Linköping HC four games to two in the Finals to win the championship.

He was drafted 239th overall by the Atlanta Thrashers in the 2003 NHL entry draft. On 1 June 2007, Enström signed an entry-level contract to join the Thrashers. On 5 October 2007, Enström made his NHL debut in a 3–1 loss against the Washington Capitals. The next day on October 6, he recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a Vyacheslav Kozlov goal in a 5–2 loss against the Tampa Bay Lightning. On October 23, 2007, Enström scored his first NHL goal against Vesa Toskala in a 3–1 loss against the Washington Capitals. On 11 January, Enström was named to his first All-Star game but was unable to play because he was injured at the time.

On 25 August 2018, Enström left the NHL and North America after he signed a one-year contract to join Modo Hockey of HockeyAllsvenskan. He played parts of two seasons with the team. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2020.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Tobias Enstrom - Winnipeg Jets.jpg
- **caption**: Enström during his time with the Jets on October 30, 2014
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Left
- **birth place**: Nordingrå, Sweden
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 180
- **played for**: Modo Hockey
Atlanta Thrashers
Winnipeg Jets
EC Red Bull Salzburg
- **ntl team**: SWE
- **draft**: 239th overall
- **draft year**: 2003
- **draft team**: Atlanta Thrashers
- **career start**: 2002
- **career end**: 2020
Adenomera phonotriccus

The **tody tyrant-voiced nest-building frog** (_Adenomera phonotriccus_) is a frog.  It lives in  Brazil.

## Body

The adult male frog is 19.8–21.6 mm long from nose to rear end. The skin of the frog's back is medium brown with black marks on it. The legs are red-brown in color. The iris of the eye is copper in color. The belly is cream colored. Its call lasts much more time than other _Adenomera_ frogs' calls: 213–433 ms.

## Name

Scientists named this frog _phonotriccus_ for the Greek _phono_ for "voice" or "sound" and _triccus_, which is a small bird.

## Home

This frog lives in Amazon rainforests that have never been cut down. Scientists have only seen it in one place, near the Araguaia River. Scientists have seen it between  above sea level.

Scientists have not seen these frogs in protected places.

## Young

This frog puts its eggs in nests made out of bubbles. Scientists think the tadpoles grow in the nest.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in very big danger of dying out. It lives in a part of the Amazon where human beings have cut down too many forests. People are still cutting down trees in the only place it still lives to make very big farms, tree farms, and [[grazing|places for animals to eat grass]. [[Hydroelectric power|Dams for electricity]] may also be a danger to this frog.

## References

[[Category:Frogs of South America]]
ASEAN Headquarters

The **ASEAN** **Headquarters,** or in the past called **ASEAN Secretariat Building**, is the main office of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It is located on Jalan Sisingamangaraja in Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta, Indonesia. It is also the office building for the ASEAN Secretariat and the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly. The office includes the original Secretariat Building, built in 1981, and an additional twin-tower, built in 2019. The original building was designed by Soejoedi Wiroatmodjo, an Indonesian architect, and opened by the President of Indonesia, Suharto.

## Transportation

The ASEAN Headquarters is accessible through the ASEAN MRT Jakarta Station. The station is part of the CSW–ASEAN transit area.
Institute for Sexual Science

The **Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sexual Science)** was an early sexology research institute in Germany, operating from 1913 to 1933. It was founded by Magnus Hirschfel, a Jewish homosexual physician, and was the first research center in the world. The institute conducted pioneering studies on homosexuality and transgender issues and housed an extensive library on sexuality and eroticism. In 1933, the Nazis destroyed the institute as part of their censorship campaign and persecution of Jews.
Krishna Kumar

**Krishna Kumar** (born 1951) is an Indian academic and author who served as the Director of the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) from 2004 to 2010. During his tenure, he oversaw the implementation of the National Curriculum Framework 2005 (NCF). He is a former Professor of Education at the University of Delhi.

In 2011, Kumar was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award, for his contributions to literature and education.

## Early life and education

Kumar was born in Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh. He completed his undergraduate and postgraduate studies at the University of Saugar. He later moved to Canada for doctoral studies, earning a PhD in educational theory from the University of Toronto.

## Career

Kumar began his academic career at Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, in 1971. In 1981, he joined the Central Institute of Education (CIE) at the University of Delhi, where he later served as Professor and Dean.

## Awards and recognition

- 2011: Padma Shri, Government of India.
- 2011: Honorary Doctorate, Institute of Education, University of London.
- Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship.

## External links

- Krishna Kumar Profile

## Infobox (academic)

- **name**: Krishna Kumar
- **birth date**: 1951
- **birth place**: Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- **nationality**: Indian
- **alma mater**: University of Saugar (BA, MA)
University of Toronto (MA, PhD)
- **occupation**: Academic, author
- **workplaces**: University of Delhi
National Council of Educational Research and Training
- **title**: Professor of Education (retired)
- **awards**: Padma Shri (2011)
- **discipline**: Sociology of education, History of education
Leading actor

A **leading actor** or **leading actress**, is an actor who plays the title role in a movie, television series or theatre play. The word _lead_ means the largest role in the piece, and _leading actor_ means a person who typically plays such parts. Some leading actors are typecast with a certain role. Most leading actors typically begin their acting careers with bit parts, then become supporting actors or character actors, and eventually become leading actors as their careers advance. Actors who play the lead in some performances, can also play supporting or character roles in other performances.

## Related pages

- Title role
- Supporting actor
- Character actor
- Bit part
- Extra (acting)
Big Back (Slang)

is a slang term used on the internet mainly on social media to describe someone who is overweight or has a large appetite for food. The term originated from British English and African American English. The term grew popularity in the mid 2020s. It became poplar on social media sites like Tik-Tok and others.

Before the term became poplar the word Big Back was used often for someone with a large backside and sometimes used in bodybuilding and fitness to describe someone who has worked hard to grow big muscles on their backside.

People use the phrase . They say this when someone eats a very large meal or many snacks. Usage of the word in gyms is usually a good thing. It means the person is strong and muscular. It is seen as a sign of hard work and discipline. The slang term is a bad thing, or a joke about eating too much food.          Some people use the word as a joke when someone is eating many snacks or a lot of food. Other people use the word to be mean. They use it to tease others about their body size. Some people believe that  is a harmful term to use. They say it could make people feel bad about their bodies. Psychologists warn that the term can be a form of bullying.
James Fishback

James Thomas Fishback (born January 1, 1995) is an American investor, hedge fund manager, and political candidate. He is seeking the Republican nomination in the 2026 Florida gubernatorial election.

Fishback has proposed divesting $385 million from funds tied to Israel to Florida and has voiced criticism of AIPAC donations to other politicians, refusing any donations from the organization himself. Fishback called Byron Donalds, a U.S. representative endorsed by Donald Trump, a "slave to his donors". He has expressed support for a 50% “sin tax” on OnlyFans creators, a complete abortion ban, and stricter immigration enforcement. Fishback has also critiqued Israel’s role in the Gaza conflict and U.S. foreign policy. He has voiced support for Nick Fuentes, while denying being a groyper.

Fishback has expressed support for the great replacement and white genocide conspiracy theories and criticism of fast food, which he described as “goyslop,” aligning with Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s MAHA initiative. On January 9, 2026, he appeared on Tucker Carlson’s podcast.
Trans shooter

A **trans shooter** or **transgender shooter** is a right-wing political epithet that decribes mass shootings done by transgender people. The term was first used in the United States in the 2020s. The idea says that transgender people are more likely to commit mass shootings or terrorist attacks. The ideas were mainly spread through social media.

Analyses found that transgender people are often the target of violence; they rarely commit violence. According to researcher Yotam Ophir, this misinformation is used to help push laws against transgender people.
LitRPG

**LitRPG**, short for **literary role-playing game**, is a fiction genre that combines parts of computer RPGs with science-fiction and fantasy. The term was introduced in 2013. In LitRPG, game-like elements are a major part of the story, and RPG statistics (such as strength, intelligence, damage) are a big part of the reading experience. This is the difference between LitRPG novels and games that in with a game, like those set in the world of _Dungeons & Dragons_; books that are actual games, such as the choose-your-own-adventure _Fighting Fantasy_ type of book; or games that are described through words; such as interactive fiction. Typically, the main character in a LitRPG novel is interacting and knows about the game like elements.

## Origins and Development

LitRPG grew from earlier game based fantasy novels and was first created as a word by the the Russian publisher EKSMO in 2013.   Although many LitRPG books start as self-published works, some found success with a wider audience. Aleron Kong’s _The Land: Monsters_ made the _Wall Street_ _Journal b_estseller list in 2020, Matt Dinniman's _Dungeon Crawler Carl_ series was picked up by a major publisher and reached #2 on _The New York Times_ Audio Fiction bestseller list in 2025.

## List of Usual Features

- Leveling, Where a character grows stronger by completing actions.
- Stats (Statistics), numbers that go up to signify a characters power.
- Items, Magical tools that grant special powers.
- Monsters, Animals and mythical creatures that usually oppose the main character.
- Hard Magic, Powers beyond what are possible in this world but still have laws and rules behind them.

## See Also

- Wuxia
- Isekai
- Fantasy
Supporting actor

A **supporting actor** or **supporting actress** is an actor who performs a role in a theatre play or movie below that of the leading actor(s), and above that of a bit part.

Supporting actors are often important to the plot as a best friend, lover, sidekick (such as Robin in the Batman series), or antagonist (such as the villain). They are sometimes, but not necessarily, character roles.

In television series, the term **day player** is used to refer to actors with supporting roles, who may appear short-term or long-term.

In recognition of the important nature of this work, the theatre and movie industries give separate awards to the best supporting actors and actresses (for example: Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress).

## Related pages

- Title role
- Leading actor
- Character actor
- Bit part
- Extra (acting)
Bit part

A **bit part** is an acting role in which there is direct interaction with the leading actors and supporting actors, with few appearances and few dialogues (or sometimes with no dialogue at all).

A bit part is ranked higher than that of an extra and lower than that of a supporting actor. An actor who regularly performs in bit roles, often to earn money, is referred to as a **bit player**, which is also a term to describe an aspiring actor who has not yet broken into supporting or leading roles.

Unlike extras, who do not typically interact with the actors, actors in bit parts are sometimes listed in the credits. An exception to this practice is the cameo appearance, wherein a well-known actor or other celebrity appears in a bit part, and it is common for such appearances to be uncredited.

## Related pages

- Title role
- Leading actor
- Supporting actor
- Character actor
- Extra (acting)
Extra (acting)

An **extra** is a performer in a movie, television series, theatre play, musical, opera or ballet production, who always appears in a nonspeaking or nonsinging (silent) capacity, usually in the background (for example, in a set, audience or busy street scene). They generally do not or very rarely interact physically with the actors. Unlike actors with bit parts, many extras are not actors, are usually not paid money by the producers and they are almost never listed in the credits. Their scenes are also often removed during the post-production of movies and television series, meaning that they do not appear in the final production.

War movies and epic movies often employ or employed extras in large numbers. Some movies have featured hundreds or even thousands of extras, especially before the advancement of special effects and the invention of computer animation (CGI) used for special effects, which has reduced the need for extras and movie sets.

## Related pages

- Title role
- Leading actor
- Supporting actor
- Character actor
- Bit part
Tabletop role-playing game

A **tabletop role-playing game (TTRPG),** also known as a pen-and-paper game, is a storytelling game where people known as players describe what actions their characters do and the referee, also known as a Game Master (GM) say the outcomes of the players actions and how it affects the world around them. TTRPGs take place within fictional worlds which could be original worlds, like most of Dungeons and Dragons (D&D), or adaptations of established universes (Like the Lord of the Rings RPG or the Cosmere RPG). This often uses dice or other random elements to determine if actions succeed. Character usually have stats (statistics) represented by numbers, including general stats(such as strength or intelligence) and specific skills (such as animal taming or religion) which increase chances of succeeding in the chosen actions.

## Origins and History

TTRPGs came from early strategy and war games which came from games like chess. In the 1970s, designers began putting together wargame rules with storytelling to create the first successful TTRPG, Dungeons & Dragons (1974.) Its success popularized the format of players controlling individual characters within a shared fictional world guided by rules and a game master. After Dungeons & Dragons many new TTRPGs appeared expanding into new genre such as science fiction, horror, and superhero fiction. During the 1980s and 1990s, different rule systems and storytelling approaches were developed, including universal systems that could support multiple genres and games that focused more heavily on narrative and character development.

The industry had a fall in the 1990s due to having to compete with video games and collectible card games. However, it later recovered through allowing third-party creators to create "homebrew" or unofficial content. In the 2010s and early 2020s, tabletop role-playing games experience growth due to online play such as Roll 20 and livestreamed games such as Critical Roll and Dimension 20. Additionally digital marketplaces made publishing and distribution more accessible
Town Hall Sarlat-la-Canéda

Town Hall Sarlat is in France in Sarlat-la-Canéda, in the Dordogne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.

Sarlat Town Hall is located on Place de la Liberté in Sarlat-la-Canéda, Dordogne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, France. The facades and roofs of the Town Hall have been listed as historical monuments since April 11, 1947.
Sarlat Film Festival

The **Sarlat Film Festival** is a film festival that has been held in Sarlat-la-Canéda in the Dordogne region in November since 1991.

## Other websites

- https://festivaldufilmdesarlat.com/

## Infobox (infobox)

- **name**: Festival du film de Sarlat
- **location**: Sarlat-la-Canéda, France
- **founded**: 1991
- **website**: [https://festivaldufilmdesarlat.com/]
Western Desert Campaign

The **Western Desert Campaign**, also known by other name as the **Desert War**, was part of the North African campaign in World War II between the Allies and the Axis powers, occurring across western Egypt and Libya. After the United Kingdom defeated Nazi Germany in the Battles of Crete and Greece, the Western Desert campaign was an important operation for the British to attack German troops for the war efforts. Adolf Hitler mainly focused on the Eastern Front where his armies fought against the Soviet Union so the German armies saw this campaign not so valuable. The campaign started in 1940 with the Italian invasion of Egypt, Italian troops confronted the British protecting Egypt from Libya but Italy failed due to supply issues. During this time, the British forces conducted airstrikes on Italy from Malta and Alexandria Airport and Benito Mussolini requested German divisions from Adolf Hitler. Therefore, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was sent to North Africa and the British troops were pushed back by Rommel's forces until 1942. The British were pushed back to the Egyptian border but the tides turned favor to the British with Bernard Montgomery's appearence. The Germans and Italians were defeated in the turning point Second Battle of El Alamein and after losing Libya, the Axis forces were pushed back into Tunisia.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Western Desert Campaign
- **part of**: the North Africa Campaign of World War II
- **image**: El Alamein 1942 - British infantry.jpg
- **caption**: The Second Battle of El Alamein, the turning point of the campaign.
- **장소**: 이집트 리비아 사막, 서부 사막 및 리비아
- **날짜**: 1940년 6월 11일 ~ 1943년 2월 4일
- **결과**: 연합국 승리
- **combatant1**: *
*
*
*
*
* Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

Polish government-in-exile

Czechoslovak government-in-exile

- **combatant2**:

- **commander1**: Richard O'Connor
 Archibald Wavell
 Harold Alexander
 Alan Cunningham
 Claude Auchinleck
 Bernard Montgomery
- **commander2**: Erwin Rommel
 Georg Stumme Killed in action, †
 Wilhelm Ritter Thomas
 Rodolfo Graziani
 Italo Balbo Killed in action, †
 Ettore Bastico
 Italian Gariboldi
- **place**: Western Egypt and Libya
- **partof**: the North African Campaign of World War II
- **date**: 11 June 1940 – 4 February 1943
Limoges Avenir Basket Club in Limousin

**Limoges Avenir Basket Club in Limousin**, named **LABC** is a French women's basketball club based in the city of Limoges, created in 1983 and playing in the Nationale féminin 1 (NF1) for the 2023-2024 season.

## Infobox (basketball club)

- **name**: Limoges Avenir Basket Club in Limousin
- **arena**: Salle des Sœurs-de-la-Rivière
- **capacity**: 887
- **location**: Limoges
- **website**: [https://limogesabc.com/]
Dingbat

**Dingbat** (,  ) is a town in the Highlands of Scotland. The city has a population of 1,498 and is now located inland but formerly referred to the east coast. harbour. At one time, it was the largest exporter of glacier ice. Dingbat’s medieval history is mostly lost., an extension perhaps of its history as a Viking settlement as evidenced by the Norse origin (Þingvat) of its name.

The royal burgh is also the site of historic castles and clan skirmishes. The Dingbat Castle once existed before being blown up during Nazi raids.
Organomagnesium chemistry

**Organomagnesium chemistry** is the scientific study of chemical compounds that have carbon and magnesium atoms. These chemicals are called **organomagnesium compounds**.

The most important compounds in organomagnesium chemistry are the Grignard reagents, . These chemicals are strong nucleophiles, usually called equivalents of carbanions, that are used to make new chemical bonds between carbon atoms.

Another important organomagnesium compound is chlorophyll, which is used by plants for photosynthesis. Chemically, chlorophyll is a coordination complex made from magnesium and a heme-like tetrapyrrole ligand called chlorin.
Unbiunoids

_Unbiunoids -_ is a group of elements in E.P.T. after unbiunium and before untriennium. It's a class of superactinides. Can you see, this group named after unbiunium, the element with atomic number 121.
Adenomera cotuba

The **Teresina de Goiás tropical bullfrog** (_Adenomera cotuba_) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Home

This frog lives in Cerrado places and in places with limestone rock, for example savannas and dry forests. Scientists have seen it between  above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in protected places, for example Área de Preservação Ambiental Pouso Alto and Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros.

## Young

This frog puts its eggs in nests made out of bubbles. Scientists think the tadpoles grow in the nest.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in some danger of dying out. It lives in a place where human beings have cut down too many forests.  The frog lives in savanna grassland and dry forests, and people make those places into big farms. Dams for electricity may also be a danger to this frog.
Silver cyanate

**Silver cyanate** is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is the silver salt of cyanic acid. It is an ionic compound made of a silver cation and an cyanate anion.

## Discovery of isomerism

Silver cyanate is made of the same chemical elements as silver fulminate, but acts very differently. When silver cyanate and silver fulminate were discovered by Friedrich Wöhler and Justus von Liebig, chemists believed that if two chemicals were made of the same amount of the same elements, they had to be the same. When Wöhler and von Liebig checked their data, they agreed that both compounds had the same elements, proving the old theory wrong. Jöns Jacob Berzelius named this relationship isomerism.
Methylmagnesium chloride

**Methylmagnesium chloride** is an organometallic compound. It has the chemical formula . It is the simplest Grignard reagent, used in the Grignard reaction to add the methyl group to other chemicals (methylation).
GeoSpy

**GeoSpy** is a commercial artificial intelligence (AI) based visual geolocation system developed by the American technology company Graylark Technologies. The software is designed to determine the real world geographic location where a photograph was taken by analyzing the image's visual content. Unlike traditional geolocation methods, GeoSpy does not depend on embedded metadata such as GPS coordinates or EXIF data. Instead, it estimates location using computer vision and large scale image analysis.

## Technology

GeoSpy operates by applying deep learning and computer vision techniques to identify distinctive visual features within a photograph. These features can include architectural styles, construction materials, vegetation types, soil characteristics, terrain, road markings, signage, street layouts, skyline patterns, and other environmental cues.

The system uses a visual place recognition (VPR) engine known as "Superbolt". According to the company, Superbolt compares extracted visual features against a large database of geotagged reference imagery in order to generate a ranked list of likely geographic matches.

Graylark Technologies refers to its broader analytical framework as "Visual Super Intelligence" (VSI), a proprietary term used to describe the company's approach to combining multiple AI models for visual geolocation analysis.

## History

Graylark Technologies was founded by Daniel Heinen and his brothers. GeoSpy was initially released through a publicly accessible web interface that allowed users to upload photographs and receive estimated location results.

The tool gained rapid attention online due to demonstrations showing that it could identify locations from seemingly ordinary images, including photos of vehicles, streets, and residential areas. As public awareness grew, journalists and researchers began testing the system's capabilities and limitations.

In 2025, Graylark Technologies discontinued the public demo version of GeoSpy.

## Privacy and ethical concerns

The emergence of AI powered visual geolocation tools such as GeoSpy has prompted debate over privacy, surveillance, and misuse. Critics have argued that the ability to determine the location of a photograph without metadata could enable malicious actors to identify where individuals live, work, or travel based solely on images shared online.

Concerns raised by commentators include potential risks of stalking, harassment, doxxing, and unauthorized surveillance. The discussion has also extended to broader questions about the regulation of AI driven investigative technologies and the responsibilities of companies developing such systems.

## Law enforcement use

In 2025, reporting by 404 Media indicated that law enforcement agencies in the United States had purchased access to GeoSpy for investigative purposes. According to the report, the software was marketed as a tool capable of rapidly narrowing down the geographic origin of photographs, potentially assisting in criminal investigations.