juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tusya language

**Tusya**, also called **Tusian** is a language of Burkina Faso.

## Dialects

There are two dialects.

- Tir (North Tusian)
- Win (South Tusian)

The northern dialect is spoken to the north, east, and south of Orodara. The southern dialect is spoken in and around Toussiana.
Tiefo language

**Tiefo** is a language of Burkina Faso.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Tyefo
- **nativename**: _cɛ̀fɔ́-mìì_
- **states**: Burkina Faso
- **ethnicity**: 12,000–15,000 (1995)
- **speakers**: 1,000
- **date**: 1995
- **ref**: e16
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic–Congo languages, Atlantic–Congo?
- **fam3**: Savanna languages, Savannas?
- **fam4**: Gur languages, Gur?
- **iso3**: tiq
- **glotto**: tief1243
- **glottorefname**: Tiefoic
Kaiken

**Kaiken** is a dagger that was commonly used during the Edo period and the time of its creation was in the Tokugawa era and was a common weapon for the wives of Samurai to have when their husbands are fighting in a time of war. Further more, the Kaiken was also a weapon that was rather light and fairly easy to hide.
Father's Lion

***Father's Lion*** is an animated short film in the _Goofy_ series. It was produced in Technicolor by Walt Disney Productions and released to theaters on January 4, 1952 by RKO Radio Pictures.

## Voice cast

- Goofy: Pinto Colvig
- Junior: Bobby Driscoll
- Lion: unknown

## Releases

- 1952 – theatrical release
- 1957 – _Disneyland_, episode #3.19: "The Adventure Story" (TV)
- c. 1983 – _Good Morning, Mickey!_, episode #48 (TV)
- c. 1992 – _Mickey's Mouse Tracks_, episode #58 (TV)
- 1998 – _The Ink and Paint Club_, episode #1.47: "The Goofy Clan" (TV)

## Home media

The short was released on December 2, 2002 on _Walt Disney Treasures: The Complete Goofy_.

Additional releases include:
- 1984 – "Cartoon Classics: Sport Goofy's Vacation" (VHS)
- 1992 – "Cartoon Classics: Happy Summer Days" (VHS)
- 2006 – "Walt Disney's Funny Factory with Goofy" (DVD)

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Father's Lion
- **director**: Jack Kinney
- **producer**: Walt Disney
- **story**: Dick Kinney
Milt Schaffer
- **starring**: Pinto Colvig
Bobby Driscoll
- **music**: Joseph Dubin
- **animator**: Edwin Aardal
John Sibley (animator), John Sibley
George Nicholas (animator), George Nicholas
Dan MacManus (effects)
- **layout artist**: Al Zinnen
- **background artist**: Ralph Hulett
- **studio**: Walt Disney Animation Studios, Walt Disney Productions
- **distributor**: RKO Radio Pictures
- **released**: (USA)
- **color process**: Technicolor
- **runtime**: 6:50 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Joan the Woman

***Joan the Woman*** is a 1916 epic silent movie about Joan of Arc. It was based on the play The Maid of Orleans by Friedrich Schiller. It started Geraldine Farrar and was one of the first ever movies about Joan of Arc.
The Maid of Orleans

**The Maid of Orleans** is an 1801 play by Friedrich Schiller based on the life of Joan of Arc. It includes the sentence “against stupidity the gods themselves contend in vain” which was later used by Isaac Asimov when naming his book The Gods Themselves.
The Gods Themselves

**The Gods Themselves** is a science fiction novel by Isaac Asimov. It’s about people discovering an alternate universe that they can use as an energy source but which turns out to be slowly destroying the main universe.
Geraldine Farrar

**Geraldine Farrar** was an American actress and soprano. She was born in 1882 and played Marguerite in Faust (opera) in 1901. She starred or played major roles in a lot of operas before Cecil B. DeMille had her star in the movie version of the opera Carmen in 1915. She also starred as Joan of Arc in Joan the Woman. In the 1930s, she started acting in radio. In 1960, she got two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She died in 1967.
U-Haul

**U-Haul** is a company that provides truck rentals and moving boxes. It has been active since 1945 and started from the need of it.

In 1945, Leonard Shoen and his wife wanted to move from Los Angeles to Portland and found out nobody would rent them an one-way trailer. Shoen, who had just gotten out from the US Navy from World War II, found a need to have families move locations on their own. He started U-Haul at that year, with the company comparing the trucks to the covered wagons of the early frontier.

The trucks were originally painted black and were hard to see, but were later painted orange and white when Shoen got hit in a four-way intersection.

People in California from 2021 had moved out so much that U-Haul ran out of trucks.  There is a lot of business from California and New York. There are also a lot of people moving into Chicago.
YoungBoy Never Broke Again

**Kentrell DeSean Gaulden** (born October 20, 1999), known professionally as **YoungBoy Never Broke Again** or simply **NBA YoungBoy**, is an American rapper, singer and songwriter born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He currently resides in Utah.

NBA Youngboy has signed several artists including, Li Wavo, Lil Dump , Lil Tim, Lil Baby, Whogangdee ,Quando Rondo ,Herm the black sheep, and Meechy Baby.

## Career

After releasing six independent mixtapes between 2015 and 2017, Gaulden was signed to Atlantic Records.

His January 2018 single "Outside Today" went to number 31 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 chart. His first studio album _Until Death Call My Name_ (2018) went to number 7 on the US _Billboard_ 200.
In October 2019, Gaulden released the single "Bandit" with Juice Wrld. It became his first top-ten single.

His 2019 mixtape _AI YoungBoy 2_ entered the _Billboard_ 200 at number one.
His April 2020 mixtape _38 Baby 2_ became his second chart-topping project to top the _Billboard_ 200. Gaulden's second studio album _Top_ (2020) followed as his third chart-topping project in less than a year.

In September 2021, _Sincerely, Kentrell_ was released during his incarceration. It topped the charts again. It made him the third artist to have an album at the top of the charts while incarcerated (after rappers 2Pac and Lil Wayne). 
In August 2022, he released his fourth studio album, _The Last Slimeto_. It marked Gaulden's final studio album with Atlantic Records.

## Awards and nominations

|scope="col"|Award|scope="col"|Year|scope="col"|Recipient(s) and nominee(s)|scope="col"|Category|scope="col"|Result|scope="col" class="unsortable"||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2021|"Bandit" (with Juice WRLD) <small>(only on behalf of Gaulden himself)</small>|Winning Rap Songs||||||||||
|2019|"I Am Who They Say I Am" (with Kevin Gates and Quando Rondo)|Best Impact Track||||||||||
|2021|"Bandit" (with Juice WRLD) <small>(only on behalf of Juice WRLD (posthumously) and Nick Mira)</small>|Most Performed R&B/Hip-Hop Songs||||||||||
|2022|"WusYaName" (with Tyler, the Creator and Ty Dolla Sign)|Best Melodic Rap Performance||||||||||
|rowspan="2"|2022|Birdman & YoungBoy Never Broke Again|rowspan="2"|Best Duo/Group|rowspan="2"|rowspan="2"||||||
|DaBaby & YoungBoy Never Broke Again||||||||||||

## Infobox (person)

- **child**: yes
- **children**: 10


## Infobox (musician)

- **name**: YoungBoy Never Broke Again
- **image**: NBA YOUNGBOY 2018.png
- **caption**: YoungBoy in October 2018
- **birth name**: Kentrell DeSean Gaulden
- **birth place**: Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.
- **years active**: 2015–present
Bast fibre

**Bast fibre** is a fibrous material from a plant. It is the inner bark of a tree such as the lime, used as fibre in matting, cord, etc.
David M. Apatang

**David Mundo Apatang** (born July 10, 1948) is a Northern Mariana Islander politician who has been the 11th and current Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands since 2025. He became the mayor of Saipan on January 12, 2015, and served until January 8, 2023. He was the Lieutenant Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands from 2023 until 2025. He was a Republican member of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives.

Apatang was elected lieutenant governor of the Northern Mariana Islands in the 2022 election on an independent ticket alongside Arnold Palacios.

Apatang became the 11th Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands after the death of Governor Arnold Palacios on July 23, 2025.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: David M. Apatang
- **image**: File:2025 David Apatang Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (cropped).jpg
- **order**: 11th
- **office**: Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands
- **lieutenant**: Dennis C. Mendiola
- **term start**: July 23, 2025
- **predecessor**: Arnold Palacios
- **office1**: 13th Lieutenant Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands
- **governor1**: Arnold Palacios
- **term start1**: January 9, 2023
- **term end1**: July 23, 2025
- **predecessor1**: Arnold Palacios
- **successor1**: Dennis C. Mendiola
- **office2**: Mayor of Saipan
- **term start2**: January 12, 2015
- **term end2**: January 8, 2023
- **predecessor2**: Marian Tudela
- **successor2**: Ramon Camacho
- **birth name**: David Mundo Apatang
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican (before 2021)
Independent politician, Independent (2021–present)
- **spouse**: Antonia Pangelinan Mafnas (deceased 2016)
- **education**: San Francisco State University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **allegiance**: United States
- **branch**: United States Army
- **serviceyears**: 1967–1987
- **rank**: First sergeant, First Sergeant
- **caption**: Apatang in 2025
Nancy Dahlstrom

**Nancy Dahlstrom** is an American politician. She has been the 15th Lieutenant Governor of Alaska since December 2022. She previously was a Republican member of the Alaska House of Representatives. She announced on November 14, 2023, that she would run for the United States House of Representatives in 2024, seeking to unseat incumbent Democrat Mary Peltola.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Nancy Dahlstrom
- **office**: 15th Lieutenant Governor of Alaska
- **governor**: Mike Dunleavy (politician), Mike Dunleavy
- **term start**: December 5, 2022
- **predecessor**: Kevin Meyer (politician), Kevin Meyer
- **office1**: Commissioner of Alaska Department of Corrections
- **governor1**: Mike Dunleavy (politician), Mike Dunleavy
- **term start1**: December 5, 2018
- **term end1**: May 31, 2022
- **predecessor1**: Dean Williams
- **successor1**: Heidi Hedberg
- **state house2**: Alaska
- **district2**: 18th
- **term start2**: January 21, 2003
- **term end2**: May 31, 2010
- **predecessor2**: Lisa Murkowski (redistricting)
- **successor2**: Dan Saddler
- **birth place**: Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Kit Dahlstrom
- **children**: 4
- **education**: Wayland Baptist University (Bachelor of Science, BS)
University of La Verne (Master of Arts, MA)
Scott Bedke

**Scott Conrad Bedke** (born April 27, 1958) is an American politician who is the Lieutenant Governor of Idaho since 2023. He was a member of the Idaho House of Representatives from 2001 to 2022. In December 2012, Bedke became the speaker of the Idaho House of Representatives.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Scott Bedke
- **image**: Scott Bedke in 2022 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 44th Lieutenant Governor of Idaho
- **governor**: Brad Little
- **term start**: January 2, 2023
- **predecessor**: Janice McGeachin
- **office1**: 41st List of Speakers of the Idaho House of Representatives, Speaker of the Idaho House of Representatives
- **term start1**: December 5, 2012
- **term end1**: November 30, 2022
- **predecessor1**: Lawerence Denney
- **successor1**: Mike Moyle
- **office2**: Member of the Idaho House of Representatives
- **term start2**: January 3, 2001
- **term end2**: November 30, 2022
- **predecessor2**: Jim Kempton
- **successor2**: Douglas Pickett
- **constituency2**: Idaho Legislative District 25, 25th district Seat A (2001–2002)
Idaho Legislative District 27, 27th district Seat A (2002–2022)
- **birth place**: Twin Falls, Idaho, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Sarah
- **education**: Brigham Young University (Bachelor of Science, BS)
Tennessee Governor's Mansion

The **Tennessee Governor's Mansion** (also called The **Tennessee Residence**) is the official home of the governor of Tennessee and his family. It is a historic residence in Nashville, Tennessee. Construction of the mansion was finished in 1931.

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Tennessee Governor's Mansion
- **image**: File:Tennessee Residence.jpg
- **caption**: Tennessee Governor's Mansion, Nashville, Tennessee, the official residence of the governor of Tennessee
- **location**: 882 Curtiswood Ln S, 37204, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **completion date**: 1931
- **architect**: Russell E. Hart
- **current tenants**: Bill Lee, Governor of Tennessee and the First Family of Tennessee, First Family
Georgette Jeanniot

**Georgette Jeanniot** (10 August 1895 - 9 November 1975) was a French swimmer in the 1900s and 1910s from Paris. She was a member of Ondine de Paris. She was specialized in the 100 metre freestyle.

## Career

On 28 July 1907 at the international Odines swimming competitions, finished third in the international 60 metre race with handicap. She won that day the under-13 50 metre event in a time of 51:4. On 22 September she competed at the first women's breaststroke competition and finished third. The next month she went with four other girls and five boys to the international Entente Cordiale meeting for schoolchildren. At the 1908 Joinville-le-Pont international swimming competition she finished third in the 50 metre race for teenagers. In 1909 she competed at the FNSNS swimming competition in Paris and won the under-14 60 metre race.

On 23 July 1911 shw won the international 120 metre handicap race at the international Odines swimming competitions. She also won the national 60 metre scratch race. Later the year on 6 September she won the silver medal at the national championships in the 100 metre freestyle event. In 1913 she became French national champion in the 100 metre freestyle event in a time of 1:51.6. Her last victory was on 26 July 1914 at the swimming gala in Lyon where she won the 100 metre freestyle event.

## Personal life

Jeanniot was born in 1895 as a daughter of M. Jeanniot and was a journalist. She married in Vincennes in 1922. She died on 9 November 1975 at the age of 80.

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **name**: Georgette Jeanniot
- **nationality**: French
- **strokes**: freestyle
- **club**: Ondine de Paris
- **birth place**: 2nd arrondissement of Paris, France
- **death place**: Soulac-sur-Mer, France
- **show-medals**: yes
Kithara

The **kithara** or **cithara** ( ) was an ancient Greek musical instrument. It was a kind of lyre with seven strings. The lyre was used for teaching music to beginners, but the cithara was used by expert musicians called _kitharodes_. The word "guitar" comes from the Greek word _kithara_.

## History

The cithara's origins are from Minoan-Mycenaean lyres shaped like swan-necks. Some scholars have connected the cithara with string instruments from ancient Anatolia.

The lyre was used as a teaching tool in schools, but the cithara was an instrument needing a great amount of skill. The cithara was played mainly with dances, epic recitations, rhapsodies, odes, and lyric songs. It was also played solo at receptions, banquets, national games, and trials of skill. Aristotle said that these stringed instruments were not for educational purposes but for pleasure only. It was played by strumming the strings with a stiff plectrum made of dried leather, held in the right hand with the elbow outstretched and handpalm bent inwards.

Most paintings on vases show citharas with seven strings but sometimes a very skillful kitharode is shown playing a kithara with more than the traditional seven strings.

## Construction

The cithara had a deep, wooden box made of two resonating tables, either flat or slightly arched, connected by ribs or sides of equal width. At the top, its strings were knotted around the crossbar or yoke (_zugon_) or to rings threaded over the bar, or wound around pegs. The other ends of the strings were secured to a tail-piece after passing over a flat bridge, or the tail-piece and bridge were combined.

## Greek mythology

The cithara is said to have been invented by Apollo, the god of music. Apollo is often depicted playing a cithara instead of a lyre, often dressed in a kitharode’s formal robes. _Kitharoidos_, or _Citharoedus_, is an epithet given to Apollo, which means "lyre-singer" or "one who sings to the lyre".

An _Apollo Citharoedus_ or _Apollo Citharede_, is the word for a kind of statue or other image of Apollo with a cithara. Among the best-known examples is the Apollo Citharoedus, a large 2nd-century CE marble statue made by an unknown Roman sculptor that is now located in the museums of the Vatican.

Sappho is closely connected to music including string instruments like the cithara and the barbitos. She was an important woman in Greek society and made popular songs that focused on emotions. A story from Greek myth goes that she went up the slopes of Mount Parnassus where she was welcomed by the Muses. She wandered through the laurel grove and came upon the cave of Apollo. There, she bathed in the Castalian Spring and took Phoebus' (Apollo's) plectrum to play skillful music. The sacred nymphs danced while she stroked the strings with much talent to bring forth sweet melodies from the cithara.

## Famous players

According to the _Suda_, Phrynis () of Lesbos was the first to play the cithara in Athens and won at the Panathenaea.

## Related pages

- Guitar
- Harp
- Lyre

## Other websites

- Peter Pringle demonstrates how a kithara worked
Alcalus rajae

The **king dwarf mountain frog** (_Alcalus rajae_) is a frog. Scientists have seen it in exactly one place: Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park in Indonesia.
Caran d'Ache (company)

**Caran d'Ache** is a Swiss manufacturing company of art materials and writing instruments. The company, established in 1915, produces a wide range of products including colored pencils, graphite pencils, pastels, fountain pens, ballpoint pens, mechanical pencils, markers, gouache paints, and ink cartridges.
The Trainer's Daughter or A Race for Love

***The Trainer's Daughter or A Race for Love*** is a 1907 American silent movie directed by J. Searle Dawley and Edwin S. Porter and stars Edward Boulden, Miss DeVarney, and William Sorelle.

## Actors

- Edward Boulden
- Miss DeVarney
- William Sorelle
- Mr. Sullivan

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Trainer's Daughter or A Race for Love
- **image**: The_Trainer's_Daughter_(1907)_Shot_1.png
- **caption**: The Trainer's Daughter or A Race for Love, shot 1
- **directors**: J. Searle Dawley, James Searle Dawley
Edwin S. Porter
- **starring**: Edward Boulden
Miss DeVarney
William Sorelle
- **studio**: Edison Manufacturing Company
- **released**: 23 November 1907
- **runtime**: 14 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: Silent film
The Adventures of Dollie

***The Adventures of Dollie*** is a 1908 American silent movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Arthur V. Johnson, Linda Arvidson, and Gladys Egan.

## Actors

- Arthur V. Johnson as Father
- Linda Arvidson as Mother
- Gladys Egan as Dollie
- Charles Inslee as Gypsy
- Madeline West as Gypsy's wife

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Adventures of Dollie
- **image**: The adventures of Dollie.webmthumbtime=0center
- **director**: D. W. Griffith
G. W. Bitzer
- **writer**: Stanner E.V. Taylor
- **starring**: Arthur V. Johnson
- **cinematography**: Arthur Marvin
- **country**: United States
- **language**: Silent with English intertitles
After Many Years (1908 movie)

***After Many Years*** is a 1908 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Charles Inslee, Florence Lawrence, and Harry Solter.

## Actors

- Charles Inslee as John Davis
- Florence Lawrence as Mrs. John Davis
- Harry Solter as Tom Foster
- Gladys Egan as The Davis' daughter
- Linda Arvidson
- Edward Dillon
- George Gebhardt as A sailor
- Arthur V. Johnson as Member of the rescue party
- Herbert Prior
- Mack Sennett as Sailor/Member of the rescue party

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: After Many Years
- **director**: D. W. Griffith
- **writer**: Alfred Lord Tennyson (story)
Frank E. Woods
- **starring**: Charles Inslee
- **cinematography**: G. W. Bitzer
Arthur Marvin
- **runtime**: 17 minutes (16 Frame rate, frame/s)
- **country**: United States
- **language**: Silent with English intertitles
The Airship, or 100 Years Hence

***The Airship, or 100 Years Hence*** is a 1908 American silent comedy-drama movie directed by J. Stuart Blackton and stars Florence Lawrence and J. Stuart Blackton.

## Actors

- Florence Lawrence as Airship passenger
- J. Stuart Blackton

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Airship, or 100 Years Hence
- **director**: J. Stuart Blackton
- **producer**: J. Stuart Blackton
- **writer**: J. Stuart Blackton
- **screenplay**: J. Stuart Blackton
- **story**: J. Stuart Blackton
- **starring**: J. Stuart Blackton
Florence Lawrence
- **cinematography**: J. Stuart Blackton
- **editing**: J. Stuart Blackton
- **studio**: Vitagraph Studios, The Vitagraph Company of America
- **distributor**: The Vitagraph Company of America
- **runtime**: 137 metres (split reel): 4:59 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: Silent film, Silent
Antony and Cleopatra (1908 movie)

***Antony and Cleopatra*** is a 1908 American silent drama movie based on the play by Shakespeare. It was directed by J. Stuart Blackton and Charles Kent and stars Maurice Costello, Florence Lawrence, and William V. Ranous.

## Actors

- Maurice Costello as Mark Antony
- Florence Lawrence: Cleopatra
- William V. Ranous: Octavius Caesar
- Betty Kent: Cleopatra
- William Phillips: Octavius Caesar
- Charles Chapman: Mark Antony

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Antony and Cleopatra
- **image**: File:Antony and Cleopatra cast 1908.jpg
- **director**: J. Stuart Blackton
Charles Kent (actor), Charles Kent
- **producer**: J. Stuart Blackton
- **writer**: William Shakespeare
- **starring**: Maurice Costello
 Florence Lawrence
- **runtime**: 1 reel (approximately 10 minutes)
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
The Girl from Arles

***The Girl from Arles*** () is a 1908 French silent drama movie directed by Albert Capellani. and stars Paul Capellani, Henri Desfontaines, and Henry Kraus.

## Actors

- Paul Capellani as Frédéric
- Henri Desfontaines as Mitifio
- Henry Kraus as Balthazar
- Jeanne Grumbach as L'Arlésienne

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: L'Arlésienne
- **caption**: Paul Capellani & Jeanne Grumbach in _L'Arlésienne_
- **director**: Albert Capellani
- **writer**: Albert Capellani (adaptation), Albert Capellani (script), and Alphonse Daudet
- **starring**: Paul Capellani
 Henri Desfontaines
 Henry Kraus
 Jeanne Grumbach
- **studio**: Société Cinématographique des Auteurs et Gens de Lettres
- **distributor**: Pathé
- **released**: 1 October 1908 (France)
- **runtime**: 18 min
- **country**: France
- **language**: French language, French
The Assassination of the Duke of Guise

***The Assassination of the Duke of Guise*** () is a 1908 French silent movie directed by Charles le Bargy and André Calmettes and stars Charles le Bargy, Albert Lambert, and Gabrielle Robinne.

## Actors

- Charles le Bargy as Henry III
- Albert Lambert as Henry I, Duke of Guise
- Gabrielle Robinne as Charlotte de Sauve
- Berthe Bovy as Le page
- Jean Angelo
- Albert Dieudonné
- Huguette Duflos
- Raphaël Duflos
- Charles Lorrain
- Rolla Norman

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: L'Assassinat du duc de Guise
- **image**: Affiche de film « L'Assassinat du Duc de Guise ».jpg
- **director**: Charles le Bargy
André Calmettes
- **producer**: Frères Lafitte
- **writer**: Henri Lavedan
- **starring**: Charles le Bargy
Albert Lambert (actor), Albert Lambert
Gabrielle Robinne
Berthe Bovy
- **music**: Camille Saint-Saëns
- **cinematography**: Èmile Pierre
- **distributor**: Pathé Frères
- **released**: 17 November 1908 (France)
17 February 1909 (US)
- **runtime**: approx. 15 minutes
- **country**: France
- **language**: French
An Awful Moment

***An Awful Moment*** is a 1908 American silent drama movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars George Gebhardt, Marion Leonard, and Harry Solter.

## Actors

- George Gebhardt as Matteo Rettazzi / Policeman
- Marion Leonard as Fiammetta, Matteo's Wife
- Harry Solter as Judge Mowbray
- Florence Lawrence as Mrs. Mowbray
- Gladys Egan as The Mowbrays' Daughter
- Linda Arvidson as The Maid
- Florence Barker
- Dorothy Bernard
- Kate Bruce
- Charles Gorman
- Gertrude Robinson as Woman in Court
- Mack Sennett as Policeman / Man in Court
- Dorothy West

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: An Awful Moment
- **image**: An Awful Moment (1908).webm
- **director**: D. W. Griffith
- **writer**: D. W. Griffith
- **starring**: George Gebhardt
- **cinematography**: Arthur Marvin
- **runtime**: Original duration 12 minutes (one Reel#Motion picture terminology, reel)
- **country**: United States
- **language**: Silent
Balked at the Altar

***Balked at the Altar*** is a 1908 American silent comedy movie directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Mabel Stoughton, Linda Arvidson, and George Gebhardt.

## Actors

- Mabel Stoughton as Female Lead
- Linda Arvidson
- George Gebhardt
- D. W. Griffith
- Robert Harron
- Arthur V. Johnson
- Mack Sennett
- Harry Solter

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Balked at the Altar
- **director**: D. W. Griffith
- **producer**: American Mutoscope and Biograph Company
New York City
- **writer**: D. W. Griffith
- **starring**: Mabel Stoughton
- **cinematography**: Arthur Marvin
- **runtime**: 11-12 minutes (16 Frame rate, frame/s; original film length 703 feet)
- **country**: United States
- **language**: Silent with English intertitles
Han Peekel

**Han Peekel** (6 October 1947 – 14 December 2022) was a Dutch television producer, writer, radio- and television presenter. He was best known as presenter of television programs as  and . Peekel also produced television shows and wrote books.

## Biography

Peekel started in the 1960s as a singer of Dutch songs and was presenter at Radio Veronica. He became known for his television appearenaces. The television program  about comics and cartoons started in 1983 and Peekel presented the program for seventeen years. Since 2009 he was the presenter of .

In 2012 he became Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau for his services to television, radio and cabaret. He received the award from the mayor of Hilversum Pieter Broertjes.

Peekel died during a holiday in Sanur at the Indonesian island Bali on 14 December 2022, at the age of 75.

## Comic cameo appearances

Peekel had a cameo appearance in the comics
- As a colleague of  in album 12 of Jack, Jacky and the Juniors.
- As a courtier at the court of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor in the Spike and Suzy album __

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Han Peekel
- **image**: Han Peekel.jpg
- **birth place**: Rotterdam, Netherlands
- **death place**: Sanur, Indonesia
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: television producer and television presenter
Gonzalo de Berceo

**Gonzalo de Berceo** (ca. 1197 – before 1264) was a Castilian Spanish poet born in the Riojan village of Berceo. He is celebrated for his poems on religious subjects. He wrote in a style of verse which has been called Mester de Clerecía. He is believed to be the first Castilian poet known by name.

## Books he wrote

1. **Works about the Virgin Mary**: _Loores de Nuestra Señora_, _Duelo que fizo la Virgen_ and _Milagros de Nuestra Señora_.
1. **Lives of saints**: _Vida de San Millán_, _Vida de Santo Domingo de Silos_, _Poema de Santa Oria_ and _El martirio de San Lorenzo_.
1. **Doctrinal works**: _De los signos que aparecen antes del Juicio Final_ and _Del sacrificio de la misa_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gonzalo de Berceo
- **image**: Gonzalo de berceo.jpg
- **birth date**: ca. 1197
- **death date**: before 1264
- **nationality**: Spanish people, Spanish
- **occupation**: Poet, priest and writer
- **known for**: _The Miracles of Our Lady, Milagros de Nuestra Señora_
The Miracles of Our Lady

***The Miracles of Our Lady*** (Spanish: _Milagros de Nuestra Señora_) is the main book written by Gonzalo de Berceo.

It is a collection of exempla about twenty-five reported miracles of Mary, mother of Jesus. It was written around 1260 in a sort of Spanish dialect called Riojan.

## Context and influence

The sources used by Gonzalo de Berceo were different stories about the miracles written in Latin. The book helped to promote Marian devotions among the people by making the subject easier to understand for them. However, it contains many unusual elements that give Mary powers of returning people from the dead or the ability to save sinners from God's Judgement.

## Structure

The work's introduction is symbolic. It is set in an perfect natural scene, which shows the good qualities of the Virgin. It is followed by twenty-five miracles done by the Virgin. At the end of each story there is a _moraleja_ (moral) or teaching to make the advantages of devotion to Mary clear to the listener or reader.

These miracles can be categorised into three different types:
- Miracles in which Mary rewards or punishes men, e.g. _La casulla de San Idelfonso_.
- Miracles in which the Mary forgives and promises the salvation of her devotees, e.g. _El sacristán impúdico_, _El Judezno_, _Milagro de Teófilo_.
- Miracles in which the characters suffer a spiritual crisis which Mary helps them to solve, e.g. _La abadesa encinta_.

## Sources

- _Miracles of Our Lady_ by Gonzalo de Berceo, edited by Richard Terry Mount 1998

## Other websites

- Milagros de Nuestra Señora and Lais by Mary de France. Similarities and differences. Written by Pamela Bastante. Biblioteca Gonzalo de Berceo.
Elazar Shach

Elazar Menachem Man Shach (Hebrew: אלעזר מנחם מן שך, Elazar Shach; January 1, 1899 O.S. – November 2, 2001) was a Lithuania-born Israeli rabbi and posek. He was born in Vabalninkas (Vaboilnik in Yiddish), Lithuania, but he fled to Palestine for fear of the Holocaust.
Rabbi-Shach was thought to be a very leading authority in Haredi Jewish society.
Kotava

**Kotava** is an international auxiliary language (IAL). It focuses especially on the idea of cultural neutrality. The name means "the language of one and all". The Kotava community has put into use the saying "a project humanistic and universal, utopian and realistic". The language is mainly known in French-speaking countries and most learning materials for it are in French.

## Other websites

- Official site (in French; autotranslated to other languages)

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Kotava
- **nativename**: _Kotava_
- **creator**: Staren Fetcey
- **created**: 1978
- **setting**: International auxiliary language
- **region**: Mainly used in France, Canada, Africa, Spain, and Polynesia
- **fam2**: International auxiliary language
- **posteriori**: a priori language
- **iso3**: avk
- **linglist**: avk
- **image**: Flag of Kotava.svg
- **glotto**: kota1280
- **glottorefname**: Kotava
- **agency**: Linguistic committee (Kotava Avaneda)
Consumer behaviour

**Consumer behaviour** or **behavior** is a study on how consumers behave when they are buying a product.

It includes studying their emotions, lifestyle, and personality and how it affects their buying behaviour.

## Factors

There are many factors that affect consumer behaviour. These include:

- Culture - This talks about the general culture or overall culture of a group of people.
- Social factors - This talks about the behavior and culture of small groups such as their family and friends
- Personal factors - This talks about their age and what they can afford to buy.
- Psychological factors - This talks about what they believe in, their motivation and their attitude.
Medieval Spanish literature

**Medieval Spanish literature** is the literature written in medieval Spanish between the beginning of the 13th and the end of the 15th century. Traditionally, the first and last works of this period are the _Cantar de Mio Cid_, an epic poem  from 1207, and _La Celestina_ (1499), a book considered a transition between the medieval period and the Renaissance.

## Books written during this period

- Kharja, written in Mozarabic
- Cantar de Mio Cid
- _El Conde Lucanor_, by Don Juan Manuel
- _Las cantigas de Santa María_, written in Galician by Alfonso X el Sabio
- _Libro de buen amor_, by Juan Ruiz, or the Arcipreste de Hita
- _Coplas a la muerte de su padre_, by Jorge Manrique
- The Auto de los Reyes Magos
- Mystery Play of Elig

## Writings on the subject

- Alvar, Carlos, José-Carlos Mainer y Rosa Navarro, _Breve historia de la literatura española_, Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2005.
- Cañas Murillo, Jesús, _La poesía medieval: de las jarchas al Renacimiento_, Anaya, Madrid, 1990.
- Deyermond, A. D., _Historia de la literatura española, 1. La Edad Media_, Ariel, Barcelona, 1989.
- Deyermond, Alan, _Edad Media. Primer suplemento_, vol. 1/1 de Francisco Rico, _Historia y crítica de la literatura española_, Crítica, Barcelona, 1991.
- Pedraza Jiménez, Felipe B. y Milagros Rodríguez Cáceres, _Las épocas de la literatura española_, Ariel, Barcelona, 2006.
- Rubio Tovar, Joaquín, _La prosa medieval_, Playor, Madrid, 1982.

## Other websites

- Brief literary history in donQuijote.org
- The medieval history through the texts
- Links about medieval Spanish literature
- Medieval Spanish poetry
She's Always a Woman

"**She's Always a Woman**" is a 1978 song by Billy Joel and taken from his fifth studio album _The Stranger_. It went to number 17 in the United States, number 12 in Canada, number 15 in the Netherlands and number 28 in Belgium. In 1986 it went to number 22 in Ireland. In 2010 it went to number 29 in the United Kingdom and in 2011 it went to number 37 in Australia. It has been covered by Fyfe Dangerfield.

### 7" single (1977)

1. "She's Always a Woman"
1. "Vienna"

### Single (CBS)

1. "She's Always a Woman"
1. "Movin' Out (Anthony's Song)"

### Japanese 7" single (CBS 06SP 248)

1. "She's Always a Woman"
1. "Only the Good Die Young"

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: She's Always a Woman
- **caption**: A-side label of U.S. vinyl single
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Billy Joel
- **album**: The Stranger (album), The Stranger
- **b-side**: Movin' Out (Anthony's Song)
- **released**: 1977
- **recorded**: A & R Recording Inc., New York City, 1977
- **genre**: Pop rock
- **length**: 3:21
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: Billy Joel
- **producer**: Phil Ramone
- **prev title**: Only the Good Die Young
- **prev year**: 1977
- **next title**: The Stranger (song), The Stranger
- **next year**: 1978
Can't You Hear Me Knocking

"**Can't You Hear Me Knocking**" is a 1971 song by The Rolling Stones and is the fourth track from their album _Sticky Fingers_. The track is over seven minutes long and has a bit of blues rock, hard rock and jazz rock thrown into it.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Can't You Hear Me Knocking
- **artist**: the Rolling Stones
- **album**: Sticky Fingers
- **released**: 23 April 1971
- **recorded**: March–May 1970
- **studio**: Olympic Studios, Olympic, London
- **genre**: * Rock music, Rock
* blues rock
* hard rock
* jazz rock
- **length**: 7:15
- **label**: Rolling Stones Records, Rolling Stones/Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **writer**: Jagger/Richards
- **producer**: Jimmy Miller (producer), Jimmy Miller
Women in Uniform

"**Women in Uniform**" is a 1978 song by Australian glam rock band Skyhooks and taken from their fourth studio album _Guilty Until Proven Insane_. It went to number 8 in Australia and number 73 in the United Kingdom.

## Track listings

**Australian 7" single (K-7062)/ 12" single (X 11810)**

**United Kingdom 7" single (United Artists Records – UP 36508)**

## Iron Maiden version

In 1980, British heavy metal band Iron Maiden released a cover version of "Women in Uniform". It was released on the Australian version of their second studio album _Killers_. It went to number 35 in the United Kingdom

## Track listing

- 7" single

- 12" single

- German 12" single

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Women in Uniform
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Skyhooks (band), Skyhooks
- **album**: Guilty Until Proven Insane
- **released**: February 1978
- **recorded**: 1978
- **genre**: Glam rock
- **length**: 4:21
- **label**: Mushroom Records
- **writer**: Greg Macainsh
- **producer**: Eddie Leonetti
- **prev title**: Party to End All Parties
- **prev year**: 1977
- **next title**: Megalomania
- **next year**: 1978


## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Women in Uniform
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Iron Maiden
- **b-side**: * "Invasion (Iron Maiden song), Invasion"
* "Phantom of the Opera" (live)
* "Drifter" (live)
- **recorded**: 1980
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal
- **length**: 3:08
- **label**: EMI
- **writer**: Greg Macainsh
- **producer**: Tony Platt
- **prev title**: Sanctuary (Iron Maiden song), Sanctuary
- **prev year**: 1980
- **next title**: Twilight Zone (Iron Maiden song), Twilight Zone
- **next title2**: Wrathchild
- **next year**: 1981
Alişer

**Alişer Efendî** (Kurdish: Alişêr Efendî; 1862–9 July 1937), was a Kurdish military leader and poet. He organized the Koçgiri rebellion. He was one of the leaders of Dersim rebellion. He fought against the Ottoman Empire during World War I.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alişer
- **image**: Alîşêr Efendî & Zarîfe Xatun.jpg
- **caption**: Alişer (left) and his wife Zarife Xanım (right)
- **nickname**: Alîşêr _Efendî_
- **birth date**: 1862
- **birth place**: Sivas Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
- **death date**: 9 July 1937
(aged 75)
- **death place**: Kafat, Ovacık
- **allegiance**:  Russian Empire (1914–17)
Society for the Rise of Kurdistan (1919–21)
- **battles**: *World War I
**Caucasus campaign
Koçgiri rebellion
Dersim rebellion
- **battles label**: Wars
- **spouse**: Zarife Xanım
(?–9 July 1937)
- **honorific suffix**: Efendî
Anguillidae

**Anguillidae**, the **freshwater eels**, are a family of eels. They are in the suborder Anguilloidei. _Anguilla anguilla_ is the type species. Most of them are extant. Aside from the living species, there are also prehistoric eels.

They spend their adult lives in freshwater, but migrate to the ocean to spawn. Eels are an important food fish. Some species are now farm-raised, but not bred in captivity. Many populations in the wild are now threatened. Seafood Watch recommends people avoid eating anguillid eels.

The first fossils of eels is found at the start of the Palaeocene, just after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 mya. If prehistoric eels like _Urosphen_ were still alive, they would have replaced the extant eels.

## Species

- _Anguilla anguilla_ <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> (European eel)
- †_Anguilla annosa_ <small>Stinton 1975</small>
- _Anguilla australis_ <small>J. Richardson, 1841</small>
    - _Anguilla australis australis_ <small>J. Richardson, 1841</small> (short-finned eel)
    - _Anguilla australis schmidti_ <small>Phillipps, 1925</small>
- _Anguilla bengalensis_ <small>(J. E. Gray, 1831)</small> (mottled eel)
    - _Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis_ <small>(J. E. Gray, 1831)</small>(Indian mottled eel)
    - _Anguilla bengalensis labiata_ <small>(W. K. H. Peters, 1852)</small>(African mottled eel)
- _Anguilla bicolor_ <small>McClelland, 1844</small>
    - _Anguilla bicolor bicolor_ <small>McClelland, 1844</small> (Indonesian shortfin eel)
    - _Anguilla bicolor pacifica_ <small>E. J. Schmidt, 1928</small> (Indian shortfin eel)
- _Anguilla borneensis_ <small>Popta, 1924</small> (Borneo eel)
- _Anguilla breviceps_ <small>Y. T. Chu & Y. T. Jin, 1984</small>
- †_Anguilla brevicula_ <small>Agassiz 1833-1845</small>
- _Anguilla celebesensis_ <small>Kaup, 1856</small> (Celebes longfin eel)
- _Anguilla dieffenbachii_ <small>J. E. Gray, 1842</small> (New Zealand longfin eel)
- _Anguilla interioris_ <small>Whitley, 1938</small> (Highlands longfin eel)
- _Anguilla japonica_ <small>Temminck & Schlegel, 1847</small> (Japanese eel)
- _Anguilla luzonensis_ <small>S. Watanabe, Aoyama & Tsukamoto, 2009</small> (Philippine mottled eel)
- _Anguilla malgumora_ <small>Schlegel ex Kaup 1856</small> (Indonesian longfinned eel)
- _Anguilla marmorata_ <small>Quoy & Gaimard, 1824</small> (giant mottled eel)
- _Anguilla megastoma_ <small>Kaup, 1856</small> (Polynesian longfin eel)
- _Anguilla mossambica_ <small>(W. K. H. Peters, 1852)</small> (African longfin eel)
- †_Anguilla multiradiata_ <small>Agassiz 1833-1845</small>
- _Anguilla nebulosa_ <small>McClelland, 1844</small> (mottled eel)
- _Anguilla obscura_ <small>Günther, 1872</small> (Pacific shortfinned eel)
- †_Anguilla pachyura_ <small>Agassiz 1833-1845</small>
- †_Anguilla pfeili_ <small>Schwarzhans 2012</small>
- †_Anguilla rectangularis_ <small>Stinton & Nolf 1970</small>
- _Anguilla reinhardtii_ <small>Steindachner, 1867</small> (speckled longfin eel)
- _Anguilla rostrata_ <small>(Lesueur, 1817)</small> (American eel)
- †_Anguilla rouxi_ <small>Nolf 1974</small>
DWBD-TV

**DWBD-TV** (channel 30) is a television station in Batangas City, Philippines, serving as the flagship of the TV5 network. It is owned and operated by the network's namesake corporate parent alongside RPTV outlet DZGG-TV (channel 24). DWBD-TV analog and digital transmitter are located atop Mt. Banoy, Bo. Talumpok East, Batangas City.

### Digital channels

DWET-TV's digital signal operates on UHF Channel 51 (695.143 MHz)<sup>1</sup> and broadcasts on the following subchannels:

|Channel|Video|Aspect|Short name|Programming|Notes||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|3P.01|rowspan="3"|480i|rowspan="4"|16:9|TV5|TV5 Batangas|rowspan="3"|Commercial broadcast (5 kW)|
|30.02|RPTV|RPTV|||||||
|30.03|One Sports|One Sports|||||||
|30.35|240p|TV5 1Seg|TV5|1seg broadcast|||||

## Rebroadcasters

DWBD-TV's programming is relayed to the following stations across the Southern Tagalog.

|Station|Location|Channels|ERP|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**D-34-TE-TV**|Occidental Mindoro|**Analog:** 34 (UHF) **Digital:** 18 (UHF)|5 kW|
|**DWMD-TV**|Oriental Mindoro|50 (UHF)|2 kW (10 kW; ERP)|
|****|Marinduque|41 (UHF)|5 kW|

## Area of coverage

- Batangas
- Laguna
- Cavite
- Rizal
- Portion of Quezon
- Portion of Oriental Mindoro
- Portion of Marinduque
- Portion of Romblon

## Infobox (television station)

- **callsign**: DWBD-TV (TV5 Batangas)
- **logo**: TV5 (Philippines) logo.svg
- **logo size**: 190px
- **city**: Batangas, Batangas City
- **country**: Philippines
- **above**: Broadcast relay station, Relay of DWET-TV
- **branding**: _TV5 Channel-30 Batangas_
_TV5 Batangas_
- **analog**: 30 (VHF)
- **digital**: 51 (UHF) (_ISDB-Tb_)
- **virtual**: 30.01
- **subchannels**: #Digital channels, See list
- **location**: Batangas
- **licensee**: Cignal TV, Mediascape, Inc.
- **owner**: TV5 Network, TV5 Network Inc.
- **callsign meaning**: **DWBD**
- **former channel numbers**: **Analog:**
44 (UHF) (2013-2023)
**Digital:**
18 (UHF) (2021–2022)
- **sister stations**: DZGG-TV (RPTV (TV channel), RPTV)
- **licensing authority**: National Telecommunications Commission, NTC
- **power**: Analog: 5 kW
 Digital: 10 kW
- **website**: [http://www.tv5.com.ph TV5.com.ph]
Percoidea

**Percoidea** is a superfamily of perciform fish. The superfamily includes about 3,374 species.

## Related pages

- Perciformes
- Percoidei
- Percidae

## References

1. <small>J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). _Fishes of the World_ (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 431–452. ISBN <bdi>978-1-118-34233</bdi></small><bdi>-6</bdi>.
Acanthomorpha

**Acanthomorpha** is a clade of actinopterygian fishes.
Ostariophysi

**Ostariophysi** is a clade of Actinopterygii and the second-largest superorder of fish.

## Taxonomy

The superorder is classified below:

- Series **Anotophysi**
    - Gonorynchiformes, about 37 species
- Series **Otophysi** (Euostariophysi)
    - Cypriniformes (minnows and allies), about 4,501 species (contains Cyprinidae, largest family of freshwater fishes)
    - Characiformes (characins and allies), about 2,168 species
    - Siluriformes (catfishes), about 3,813 species
    - Gymnotiformes (electric eels, American knifefishes), about 239 species (sometimes grouped under Siluriformes)
Alloparenting

**Alloparenting** is when people other than a child’s mother and father help to raise them. Alloparent is derived from the Greek words 'allo' and 'parens.' Allo means "other," and parens means "parents." So alloparents mean other parents. Other caregivers may include family members or people in the community who are not related to the child. In humans, alloparenting is a common practice to help raise children. The people that take care of the children are called their alloparents.

Humans have a very long infancy and childhood compared to other species. They depend on the adults around them. Adults need to provide children with shelter, food, water, education, love, and support. Children need people to take care of them for many years until they are older. Parents also pass down culture to their children and teach them all about life. They teach them traditions and how to act in the community. They rely on other people as they grow and learn new things. When the birth parents are not the regular caregivers, alloparents take over this role.
Racing in the Street

"**Racing in the Street**" is a 1978 song by Bruce Springsteen and is the fifth track from his fourth studio album _Darkness on the Edge of Town_. The song has been called one of Springsteen's best songs from his album.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Racing in the Street
- **artist**: Bruce Springsteen
- **album**: Darkness on the Edge of Town
- **released**: June 2, 1978
- **recorded**: July 2, 1977 – March 23, 1978
- **studio**: Atlantic Studios and the Record Plant, New York
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, heartland rock
- **length**: 6:54
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: Bruce Springsteen
- **producer**: Bruce Springsteen, Jon Landau
Salmo

***Salmo*** is a genus of the fish, salmon. One extinct genus, called _Eosalmo_, resembles the modern salmon.
Euteleostei

**Euteleostei** is a clade of ray-finned fish.
Ronnie Van Zant

**Ronald Wayne Van Zant** (January 15, 1948 – October 20, 1977) was an American singer. He is known for helping make the rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd, and also singing for it. He is the older brother of Johnny Van Zant and Donnie Van Zant, two other musicians.

On October 20, 1977, Van Zant died in a plane crash. A plane was taking the band from South Carolina to Louisiana, but it ran out of fuel. He died when the plane hit the ground because of head injuries. He was 29 years old. People spent money to make the Ronnie Van Zant Memorial Park in Lake Asbury, Florida for him after he died.

## Albums

Van Zant sang on six albums when he was in Lynyrd Skynyrd.

- _(Pronounced 'Lĕh-'nérd 'Skin-'nérd)_ (1973)
- _Second Helping_ (1974)
- _Nuthin' Fancy_ (1975)
- _Gimme Back My Bullets_ (1976)
- _One More from the Road_ (1976)
- _Street Survivors_ (1977)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ronnie Van Zant
- **image**: Ronnie Van Zant (1975).jpg
- **caption**: Van Zant in 1975
- **birth name**: Ronald Wayne Van Zant
- **birth place**: Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.
- **death place**: Gillsburg, Mississippi, U.S.
- **years active**: 1964–1977
- **past member of**: Lynyrd Skynyrd
Gambusia

***Gambusia*** is a genus of fish in the family Poeciliidae (order Cyprinodontiformes). They are often called **topminnows**, or simply **gambusias**; they are also known as **mosquitofish** which refers to two species, _Gambusia affinis_ and _Gambusia holbrooki._

## Extinct species

The Amistad gambusia (_Gambusia amistadensis_) is the only extinct species.