juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
East Bengal Regiment

The **East Bengal Regiment** () in short "E Bengal" is an infantry regiment of Bangladesh Army oldest and biggest formation of Bangladesh Army. Major Abdul Waheed Chowdhury Officer in Command of the first training Establishment of East Bengal Regiment, raised and commanded 1st East Bengal Regiment and lifted it to the 1st Battalion of the East Bengal Regiment .

## Infobox (military unit)

- **unit name**: East Bengal Regiment
- **image**: East Bengal Regiment Insignia.svg
- **caption**: Emblem of the East Bengal Regiment
- **dates**: 15 February 1948 – present
- **allegiance**: Bangladesh Army
- **type**: Infantry
- **garrison**: Chittagong, Chittagong District
- **nickname**: _The Tigers_
- **motto**: _Grace, Strength, Speed_
- **colors label**: Colours
- **march**: Notuner Gaan, Notunēr Gān
- **mascot**: Bengal tiger
- **battles**: * Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Second Indo−Pakistani War
**  Battle of Chawinda
** Lahore Front, Battle of Lahore
* Bangladesh Liberation War
- **anniversaries**: 15 February
- **identification symbol**:
- **identification symbol label**: Regimental Flag
People's Liberation Army of Manipur

The **People's Liberation Army** (PLA) was founded by N. Bisheshwar Singh on September 25, 1978. It is a separatist armed revolutionary group fighting for a separate independent socialist state of Manipur. It was the first organization from Manipur to have been trained by the China's People Liberation Army at Lhasa in the eighties. It was also trained by the NSCN in Myanmar during this time.
Naga National Council

The **Naga National Council** was a political organization of Naga people, active from the late 1940s to the early 1950s. Under the leadership of Angami Zapu Phizo in the 1940s, it unsuccessfully campaigned for the secession of the Naga territory from the Republic of India and creation for a sovereign Naga state.
Naga people

The term **Naga people** (Burmese: နာဂ, Hindi: नागा) refers to a conglomeration of several tribes inhabiting the North Eastern part of India and north-western Burma. The tribes have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority ethnic group in the Indian states of Nagaland, Assam and the disputed territory of Arunachal Pradesh.

## Nationalism

Naga nationalism is an ideology that supports self-determination by the Naga people, and the furtherance of Naga culture.
Garo people

The **Garos** are a tribal people in Meghalaya, Republic of India and neighboring areas of Bangladesh, who call themselves **A·chik Mande** (literally "hill people," from _a·chik_ "hill" + _mande_ "people") or simply **A·chik** or **Mande**. They are the second-largest tribe in Meghalaya after the Khasi and comprise about a third of the local population. The Garos are one of the few remaining matrilineal societies in the world.
Khasi people

The **Khasi** are an indigenous or tribal people, the majority of whom live in the State of Meghalaya in North-east India, with small populations in neighbouring Assam, and in parts of Bangladesh. They call themselves Ki Hynñiew trep, which means "the seven huts" in the Khasi language. Their language Khasi is the northernmost Austro-Asiatic language.
Erin Burnett

**Erin Isabelle Burnett** (born July 2, 1976) is an American news anchor and journalist. She has also done reporting at NBC. Since 2011, Burnett has been the host of _Erin Burnett OutFront_ on CNN.
Karl Duncker

**Karl Duncker** (Leipzig, 2 February 1903  23 February 1940) was a German psychologist.

Until 1935 he was a student and assistant of the founders of Gestalt psychology in Berlin: Max Wertheimer,  Wolfgang Köhler and  Kurt Koffka.
In 1935, exiled by the Nazis, he got an assistantship at Cambridge University with Frederic Bartlett. Later he emigrated to the USA where he was again an assistant of Köhler’s at Swarthmore College. He committed suicide in 1940 at 37 years of age. He had been suffering from depression for some time and had received professional treatment.

## Achievements

Duncker coined the term _functional fixedness_ in visual perception and problem solving. This describes the difficulties arising from a part of a problem which normally has a fixed function. In the problem, the fixed function must be changed to reach the perception or solution.

In his "candle problem" the situation was defined by the objects: a box of candles, a box of thumb-tacks and a book of matches. The task was to fix the candles on the wall without any additional elements. The difficulty of this problem arises from the functional fixedness of the candle box. It is a container in the problem but must be used as a shelf in the solution.

Other examples of this type of problem are:

- an electromagnet must be used as part of a pendulum
- a branch of a tree must be used as a tool
- a brick must be used a paper weight
- another meaning of a word must be found that is different from the meaning within the context of the sentence

## References

- Duncker, Karl 1945. On problem solving. APA _Psychological Monographs_ **58**
Dianthus armeria

***Dianthus armeria*** is an annual or biennial flowering plant commonly known as Deptford pink or grass pink. It is in the family Caryophyllaceae.

It has small pink flowers that bloom from spring to summer followed by an explosive, inedible fruit. The blooms close up in the afternoon. The seeds are small and blackish or brownish.

It is a native plant in Europe, and widely grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. It has been introduced to New Zealand and much of North America.
Gorkha National Liberation Front

**Gorkha National Liberation Front** (GNLF) is a political party in the Darjeeling District of West Bengal, Republic of India. It was formed in 1980 by Subhash Ghisingh with the objective of demanding a Gorkhaland state within India.
Ted Demme

**Edward Kern "Ted" Demme** (October 26, 1963 – January 14, 2002) was an American movie director and producer. His career began in 1988. His movies included _The Ref_ (1994), _Beautiful Girls_ (1996), _Life_ and _Blow_.  He died during a celebrity basketball game in Santa Monica, California due to a heart attack. The heart attack may have been caused by cocaine. He was 38 years old when he died.

He was married to Amanda Demme from 1994 until his death. The couple had two sons. He was the nephew of Jonathan Demme.

### Movies

|Year|Movie|Starring|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1993|_Who's the Man?_|Ed Lover, Dr Dre|
|1995|_The Ref_|Dennis Leary, Kevin Spacey|
|1996|_Beautiful Girls_|Matt Dillon, Annabeth Gish|
|1998|_Monument Ave._|Denis Leary, Ian Hart|
|1999|_Life_|Eddie Murphy, Martin Lawrence|
|2001|_Blow_|Johnny Depp, Penélope Cruz|

### Television

|Year|Program|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1988|_Yo! MTV Raps_|TV series|
|1993|_Denis Leary: No Cure for Cancer_|Special|
|1994–96|_Homicide: Life on the Street_|Series (2 episodes)|
|1997|_SUBWAYStories: Tales from the Underground_|TV movie, segment "Manhattan Miracle"|
|1997|_Denis Leary: Lock 'N Load_|Special|
Tie-dye

**Tie-dye** is a colorful pattern used on clothing. It is made by tying a piece of clothing into a tight bundle, and then dyeing it with various colors. This became very popular in the 1960s and '70s. It was often made to represent signs like 'peace' and 'flower power'.

Tie dye is an expression of emotion and is a very colourful and expressive type of art.
Dhol

The **dhol** is a drum used during Punjabi wedding processions and parties.
In Western Punjab, the beats of dhol have been an element in the ceremonies of the great Sufi mystics and their followers. The patterns of dhol have been developed to catalyze the mind of the devotee as is seeking spiritual trance. Someone who plays the _Dhol_ is known as **Dholi** ().
Traditionally the Punjabi dhol has been the domain of men.
Hairspray (1988 movie)

***Hairspray*** is a 1988 American musical teen comedy movie. It was produced by John Waters, Robert Shaye and Rachel Talalay and was directed by Waters. In 2002 a Broadway musical of the same name was made. In 2007, the Broadway musical was turned into a movie. Set in 1962 in Baltimore, Maryland, it is about teenager Tracy Turnblad who pursues stardom as a dancer on a local television show and rallies against racial segregation.

## Cast

- Ricki Lake as Tracy Turnblad
- Divine as Edna Turnblad / Arvin Hodgepile
- Debbie Harry as Velma Von Tussle
- Sonny Bono as Franklin Von Tussle
- Jerry Stiller as Wilbur Turnblad
- Leslie Ann Powers as Penny Pingleton
- Colleen Fitzpatrick as Amber Von Tussle
- Michael St. Gerard as Link Larkin
- Clayton Prince as Seaweed J. Stubbs
- Ruth Brown as Motormouth Maybelle
- Shawn Thompson as Corny Collins
- Mink Stole as Tammy
- Joann Havrilla as Prudence Pingleton
- Alan J. Wendl as Mr. Pinky

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Hairspray
- **director**: John Waters (filmmaker), John Waters
- **producer**: John Waters
Robert Shaye
Rachel Talalay
- **writer**: John Waters
- **starring**: Ricki Lake
Michael St. Gerard
Debbie Harry
Sonny Bono
Divine (actor), Divine
Jerry Stiller
Shawn Alex Thompson, Shawn Thompson
Leslie Ann Powers
Vitamin C (artist), Colleen Fitzpatrick
Clayton Prince
Ruth Brown
Mink Stole
- **music**: Kenny Vance
- **cinematography**: David Insley
- **editing**: Janice Hampton
- **studio**: Stephen Woolley, Palace Pictures
New Line Cinema
- **distributor**: Warner Bros.
- **runtime**: 92 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $2 million
- **gross**: $8,271,108
Linderte

**Linderte** is a small village in the city of Ronnenberg in Lower Saxony, in Germany. It has about 500 inhabitants, as of 2008.
Ronnenberg

**Ronnenberg** is a town in the region Hanover in Lower Saxony, Germany. It has about 23,300 inhabitants.
The town Ronnenberg is divided into the districts Benthe, Empelde, Ronnenberg, Ihme-Roloven, Weetzen, Vörie and Linderte.
Alicia Witt

**Alicia Roanne Witt** (born August 21 1975) is an American singer, model and actor. She was in the movie _Citizen Ruth_ (1996). She was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. She acted on television shows _Ally McBeal_ and _The Sopranos_.
National parks of Austria

There are seven **national parks in Austria**, all of them internationally accepted according to the IUCN standard.

Austria's national parks are:
- Donau-Auen National Park
- Gesäuse National Park
- Hohe Tauern National Park
- Kalkalpen National Park
- Neusiedler See – Seewinkel National Park
- Nockberge National Park
- Thayatal National Park
National parks of Azerbaijan

This is a list of national parks in the Republic of Azerbaijan.

|National Park|Date of establishment|Surface area (ha)|Surface area (km2)|Surface area (square miles)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Zangezur National Park|June 16, 2003 (enlarged on November 23, 2009)||||
|Ag-Gel National Park|July 5, 2003||||
|Shirvan National Park|July 5, 2003||||
|Hirkan National Park|February 9, 2004 (enlarged on April 23, 2008)||||
|Altyaghach National Park|August 31, 2004||||
|Absheron National Park|February 8, 2005||||
|Shahdag National Park|December 8, 2006 (enlarged on July 5, 2010)||||
|Göygöl National Park|April 1, 2008||||

## Other websites

- National Parks - Ministry of Ecology and Natural Recources of Azerbaijan
Mid-range speaker

A **mid-range speaker** is a type of loudspeaker. These are designed to reproduce sounds which are not very low, but mid-range speaker can also play hi frequency sounds, example frequency going up to 20kHz. Depending on the speakers structure there can be a tweeter that plays hi-frequencies. Typically it is then a 3-way speaker. If there is only a woofer and mid-range speaker, it would be 2-way speaker.
Marlo Thomas

**Margaret Julia "Marlo" Thomas** (born November 21, 1937) is an American television and movie actress. She is best known for her role as Ann Marie in the television series _That Girl_ from 1966 to 1971. From 1996 to 2002, Thomas played Rachel Green's mother, Sandra Green, on the TV show _Friends_. Thomas is also known for her children's entertainment project _Free to Be... You and Me_.

Thomas also represents the Marlo Thomas Foundation and is the elder daughter of the late comedian Danny Thomas. She was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Thomas is the recipient of four Emmy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, a Grammy Award, the Peabody Award and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Thomas was married to talk show host Phil Donahue from 1980 until his death in 2024.

## Other websites

- MarloThomas.com
- Marlo Thomas at YouTube
- Marlo Thomas at Twitter
- Marlo Thomas at Facebook
- All About Marlo Thomas at StJude.org
- Marlo Thomas  Video produced by _Makers: Women Who Make America_
- Marlo Thomas at the Comedy Hall of Fame

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Marlo Thomas
- **image**: Marlo Thomas - 1968.jpg
- **caption**: Thomas in _That Girl_ (1966)
- **birth name**: Margaret Julia Thomas
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
- **alma mater**: University of Southern California
- **years active**: 1960–present
- **father**: Danny Thomas
- **relatives**: Tony Thomas (producer), Tony Thomas (brother)
Yellow Mama

**Yellow Mama** is the nickname given to Alabama's electric chair, which was used for executions from 1927–2002.

It was used at Kilby State Prison in Montgomery, Alabama. Yellow Mama was painted with highway-line paint from the State Highway Department lab. The chair was built by a British inmate in 1927 and was first used the same year.
George McCall Courts

**George McCall Courts** (February 16, 1888 – August 1, 1932) was born in the District of Columbia. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1907. He received the Medal of Honor for actions at the United States occupation of Veracruz, 1914.

## Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Lieutenant, Junior Grade Organization: U.S. Navy Born:16 February 1888, Washington, D.C. Accredited to: District of Columbia Date of issue: 12/04/1915

**Citation:**

> For distinguished conduct in battle, engagements of Vera Cruz, 21 and 22 April 1914. Under fire, Lt.(j.g.) Courts was eminent and conspicuous in the performance of his duties. He had well qualified himself by thorough study during his years of duty in Mexico to deal with the conditions of this engagement, and his services were of great value. He twice volunteered and passed in an open boat through the zone of fire to convey important orders to the Chester, then under a severe fire.

## Related pages

- List of Medal of Honor recipients (Veracruz)
- List of United States Naval Academy alumni (Medal of Honor)

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: George McCall Courts
- **image**: George Courts USNA.jpg
- **birth place**: District of Columbia
- **placeofburial**: Arlington National Cemetery
- **allegiance**: United States, United States of America
- **branch**: United States Navy
- **serviceyears**: 1907 - 1932
- **rank**: Commander
- **awards**: Medal of Honor
Personal Best

***Personal Best*** is a 1982 American drama movie in which the story is focused on lesbian issues in the Summer Olympics of 1980, directed by Robert Towne. Starring in this are Mariel Hemingway and Patrice Donnelly; the earlier plays Chris Cahill in this movie. This motion picture was rated highly, although it did not do well in the box office.
Against All Odds

***Against All Odds*** is a 1984 crime drama movie in which Rachel Ward and Jeff Bridges are among the cast. This movie is about a mix of infidelity, gangsters, crime and adultery. The movie was a remake of _Out of the Past_, a romance-thriller from 1947.
Zechariah

**Zechariah** was the father of John the Baptist. He appears in the Gospel of Luke and the Quran. He was struck dumb by an angel for failing to have faith. His voice was restored after John was born.Zecheriah is considered a prophet in Islam
Free Trade Party

The **Free Trade Party** was an Australian political party from 1889 to 1909. It was officially known as the **Australian Free Trade and Liberal Association**. It was also called the **Revenue Tariff Party** in some states and renamed the **Anti-Socialist Party** in 1906. It wanted to remove tariffs (taxes on imports and exports) as well as other restrictions on trade. It argued that free trade would benefit everyone. However, many members also supported some tariffs to raise money for the government.

The party was based in New South Wales, where its leaders were Sir Henry Parkes and Sir George Reid. It was the main party in New South Wales politics before federation.

After the elections for the first Commonwealth Parliament, the Free Traders were the second largest group in the Australian House of Representatives, with 25 seats. Reid became the Parliament's first leader of the Opposition. He later became Prime Minister in 1904-05. The deputy leader of the Free Trade Party was Willima McMillan. Joseph Cook became deputy leader of the party when McMillan retired in 1903.

A separate Tasmanian Revenue Tariff Party took part in the 1903 federal election in Tasmania and won two seats. It joined with the Free Trade Party in federal parliament.

After the question of tariffs had largely been settled, Reid looked around for another cause for his party. He settled on opposition to socialism. He criticised both the Australian Labor Party and the Protectionist Party, led by Alfred Deakin. The Free Trade Party was renamed the Anti-Socialist Party (ASP) before the 1906 federal election. The Labor Party and the FTP/ASP continued to grow in electoral strength. Some Protectionists left the party to join Labor and the ASP.

Reid retired in 1908, and the party leadership passed to Joseph Cook. He agreed to merge with the Protectionists to become the Commonwealth Liberal Party in 1909.

## Infobox (australian political party)

- **party name**: Free Trade Party
- **party wikicolourid**: Free Trade
- **leader**: George Reid
- **foundation**: 1889
- **dissolution**: 1909
- **successor**: Commonwealth Liberal Party
- **ideology**: Free Trade
Conservatism
Liberalism
Dubai International Airport

**Dubai International Airport**  () is an international airport serving Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is a major airline hub in the Middle East, and is the main airport of Dubai. The airport is the main hub for Emirates. The airport consists of 3 terminals, named Terminal 1, 2, and 3. Emirates mainly uses Terminal 3. It is the world's biggest airport for international passenger traffic, and the 19th biggest for passenger traffic.

## Awards

- 2011 – _Best Airport in Middle East_ of the Airport Service Quality Awards by Airports Council International and most improved airport in the Middle East.

## In other websites

- Official Site
- Air Freight Services Dubai
- Project Information from Airport Technology

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Dubai International Airport
- **nativename-r**: __
- **image-width**: 250
- **image2**: Dubai Airport overview.jpg
- **image2-width**: 250
- **iata**: DXB
- **icao**: OMDB
- **wmo**: 41194
- **type**: Public
- **owner**: Dubai Municipality, Government of Dubai
- **operator**: Dubai Airports Company
- **city-served**: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- **location**: Dubai
- **hub**: * Emirates (airline), Emirates
* flydubai
- **elevation-f**: 62
- **website**: http://www.dubaiairports.ae/
- **pushpin map**: United Arab Emirates#Asia
- **pushpin label**: OMDB
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the UAE
- **metric-rwy**: Yes
- **r1-number**: 12L/30R
- **r1-length-m**: 4,000
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **r2-number**: 12R/30L
- **r2-length-m**: 4,450
- **r2-surface**: Asphalt
- **stat-year**: 2018
- **stat1-header**: Passengers
- **stat1-data**: 89,149,387
 1.0%
- **stat2-header**: Aircraft movements
- **stat2-data**: 408,251
- **stat3-header**: Cargo (metric tonnes)
- **stat3-data**: 2,641,383  0.5%
- **stat4-header**: Economic impact
- **stat4-data**: $26.7 billion
- **footnotes**: Sources: United Arab Emirates, UAE Aeronautical Information Publication, AIP, Airports Council International, ACI
Zero Dark Thirty

***Zero Dark Thirty*** is a 2012 American thriller movie about the hunt for Osama bin Laden. It was directed by Kathryn Bigelow. The film stars Jessica Chastain, Chris Pratt and James Gandolfini. The main character Maya at the Central Intelligence Agency is fictional. However, the story is based on real events. _Zero Dark Thiry_ was a critical success. It is considered one of the best movies of 2012. There was controversy on how the film showed torture.

## Plot

Maya Harris works at the CIA to find Osama bin Laden. A suspected terrorist, Ammar says the courier of Osama bin Laden may be  Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti. Later another suspect denies knowing Abu Ahmed. A Jordanian doctor tricks CIA agents into trusting them. He blows himself up and kills the agents. Another suspect tells Maya he buried Abu Ahmed. Maya believes that the death of Abu was the death of his brother Habeeb. May tells Dan from the CIA headquarters about this. The two track the phone of Ibrahim Sayeed. He went under the name Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti. The car of Sayeed arrives at a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Shooters attack Maya. The CIA calls her job off because they think she is exposed. In the US, Officials discuss whether to attack the compound. 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment attack the compound and kill Osama bin Laden on May 2, 2011.

## Cast

- Jessica Chastain as Maya Harris, a CIA intelligence analyst
- Jason Clarke as Dan Fuller, a CIA intelligence officer
- Jennifer Ehle as Jessica Karley, a senior CIA analyst
- Mark Strong as George Panetta, a senior CIA supervisor
- Kyle Chandler as Joseph Bradley, Islamabad CIA Station Chief
- James Gandolfini as CIA Director
- Harold Perrineau as Jack Fuller, a CIA analyst
- Mark Duplass as Steve Bradley, a CIA analyst
- Fredric Lehne as Fred "The Wolf" Guerrero, a CIA section chief
- John Barrowman as Jeremy Karley, a CIA executive
- Jessie Collins as Debbie Stone, a CIA analyst
- Édgar Ramírez as Larry Handley, a CIA SAD/SOG operative
- Fares Fares as Hakim, a CIA SAD/SOG operative
- Scott Adkins as John Simmons, a CIA SAD/SOG operative
- Jeremy Strong as Thomas, a CIA analyst

## Reception

The film got very positive reviews. It has a 91% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Critics said the movie was gripping and suspenseful.They also praised that the film showed how life is. The film was considered authentic. _Zero Dark_ _Thirty_ made many Critics' top tens list. The film was also controversial. Some criticized the movie for seeming to support torture. Some said it was a pro-Obama movie. Others said the movie wrongly got classified material.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Zero Dark Thirty
- **director**: Kathryn Bigelow
- **writer**: Mark Boal
- **music**: Alexandre Desplat
- **cinematography**: Greig Fraser
- **runtime**: 157 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $40–52.5 million
- **gross**: $132.8 million
Wayne Hillman

**Wayne James Hillman** (November 13, 1938 – November 24, 1990) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played 14 seasons in the NHL.

Hillman played in the NHL with the Chicago Black Hawks for 5 seasons, the New York Rangers for 4 seasons, the Minnesota North Stars for 1 season and the Philadelphia Flyers for 4 seasons. Hillman also played for the Cleveland Crusaders of the World Hockey Association for 2 seasons and retired after his time with the Crusaders wa done.

Even though Hillman only played 1 playoff game for the Black Hawks in the 1960-61 NHL season his name was still engraved on the Stanley Cup.

Hillman died of cancer on November 24, 1990.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Wayne Hillman Cleveland Crusaders.JPG
- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Defenceman
- **shot**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 195
- **played for**: **National Hockey League, NHL**:
Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
New York Rangers
Minnesota North Stars
Philadelphia Flyers
**World Hockey Association, WHA**:
Cleveland Crusaders
- **birth place**: Kirkland Lake, Ontario, Canada
- **career start**: 1957
- **career end**: 1975
Protectionist Party

- _This article is about the Protectionist Party of 1889-1909._

The **Protectionist Party** was an Australian political party from 1889 until 1909. Its policies were based on protectionism. It argued that Australia needed protective tariffs to allow Australian industry to grow and provide employment. It had its greatest strength in Victoria and in the rural areas of New South Wales. Its most important leaders were Sir Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin, who were the first and second prime ministers of Australia.

The Protectionist Party formed government Australia's first government with the support of the Labor Party. They agreed to put in place social reforms that were Labor policy. Labor's program, however, was often too radical for the Protectionists, and compromises had to be made. Several changes of minority governments occurred.

The Protectionist vote had dropped by the 1906 federal election. Labor formed its first government in 1904 and its second in 1908 under Andrew Fisher. Many people believed an anti-socialist group was needed to oppose the Labor Party. Deakin and Anti-Socialist Party leader Joseph Cook, began talks to join their parties together.  The more liberal Protectionists, such as Isaac Isaacs and H. B. Higgins, opposed a merger.  The Protection Party was split by this issue.  Most members, including Deakin, joined with the Anti-Socialist Party to become the Commonwealth Liberal Party. This became known as "the Fusion,". The more liberal Protectionists supported Labor.  The Fusion would form another minority government before Fisher and Labor achieved Australia's first federal majority government, and the first Senate majority, at the 1910 election.

In 2007, a new political party, the Australian Protectionist Party was set up.

## References

- Australian Dictionary of Biography - Edmund Barton
- Australian Dictionary of Biography - Alfred Deakin

## Infobox (australian political party)

- **party name**: Protectionist Party
- **party wikicolourid**: Protectionist
- **leader**: Alfred Deakin
- **foundation**: 1889
- **dissolution**: 1909
- **successor**: Commonwealth Liberal Party
- **ideology**: Protectionism
Liberalism
Conservatism
Laurie

**Laurie** [ lawr-ee ] is a given name for women. It is a version of Laura. _Laura_ is more common than _Laurie_. Sometimes, it can also be a surname. Laurie is a gender-neutral name that has been in use for centuries across various cultures with diverse interpretations. The name Laurie originated from the Latin name Laurentius, which signifies "a person from Laurentum." Laurentum was a historic city located in Italy, and individuals who hailed from that city were given the name Laurentius. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## People

- Laurie Cunningham, English footballer (1956–1989)
- Laurie Anderson, American interdisciplinary artist and musician
- Laurie Holden, American-Canadian actress
- Laurie Hendren, Canadian computer scientist (1958-2019)
- Laurie Bird, film actor, photographer
- Laurie Metcalf, American actress
Commonwealth Liberal Party

The **Commonwealth Liberal Party** (CLP) was a political party in Australia from 1909 to 1917. It was also known as **The Fusion**, or the **Deakinite Liberal Party**. It is the earliest direct ancestor of the modern Liberal Party of Australia.

The party was formed after the Australian Labor Party formed its second government in 1908.  Business leaders told Alfred Deakin, the leader of the Protectionist Party, and Joseph Cook, leader of the Anti-Socialist Party, to join forces to oppose the Labor Party. In 1909, the Protectionists and Anti-Socialists joined to form the CLP.  Deakin was the new party's first leader, with Cook as deputy leader.  Several of the more liberal Protectionists left and joined Labor.

The Protectionists and Anti-Socialists had a majority of seats in the House of Representatives. The new party used its numbers to force Prime Minister Andrew Fisher to resign. Deakin became Prime Minister for the third time. However, the CLP was defeated by Labor at its first election, less than a year later in 1910.

Cook took over from Deakin shortly before the 1913 election and won government by a single seat.  One year later, Cook introduced a bill removing special treatment for union members.  Cook knew the Labor Party had the numbers in Senate to defeat the bill. When the Senate rejected it twice, Cook had an excuse to call an early election for 5 September. This was the first double dissolution election in Australia. However CLP was soundly defeated, and Labor became the government.

In November 1916, the CLP made a deal with the Prime Minister Billy Hughes. Hughes had been forced to leave the ALP for supporting conscription in World War I. He set up a new party called the National Labor Party.  In February 1917, the CLP and National Labor joined to form the Nationalist Party of Australia.  Although the new party had more Liberals, Hughes became its leader with Cook as his deputy.

Today the Commonwealth Liberal Party is usually called **the Deakinite Liberal Party** so it will not be confused with the modern Liberal Party of Australia.

## Leaders

- Alfred Deakin 1909-13
- Joseph Cook 1913-16

## References

- Australian Dictionary of Biography - Alfred Deakin
- Australian Dictionary of Biography - Joseph Cook

## Infobox (australian political party)

- **party name**: Commonwealth Liberal Party
- **party logo**: AlfredDeakin.jpeg
- **party wikicolourid**: Commonwealth Liberal
- **leader**: Alfred Deakin
- **foundation**: 1909
- **predecessor**: Free Trade Party
Protectionist Party
- **dissolution**: 1917
- **successor**: Nationalist Party of Australia
- **ideology**: Liberalism
Conservatism
- **position**: Centre-right
Australian Electoral Commission

The **Australian Electoral Commission**, or the AEC, is the Australian federal government agency in charge of federal elections and referendums. State and local government elections are run by the Electoral Commission in each state and territory.

The AEC also draws the boundaries for seats and makes regular changes to keep all seats roughly equal in population numbers. It organizes Commonwealth electoral roll which is a list of people who can vote in elections. The electoral roll is used by the state and territory Electoral Commissions to for their elections.

The AEC also plays a leading role in electoral education and industrial voting (votes on industrial action).

## History and structure

The AEC began in 1902, as a part of the Department of Home Affairs. In 1973, it became the Australian Electoral Office. In February 1984 it became the Australian Electoral Commission.

The AEC is run by a Chairman who is a Judge, or a retired Judge, of the Federal Court, the Electoral Commissioner and a non-judicial member who is usually the Australian Statistician). The Electoral Commissioner has the powers of a Secretary of a Department under the _Public Service Act 1999_ and the _Financial Management and Accountability Act 1998_. The Chairperson and the third, non-judicial member both hold their offices on a part-time basis.

The AEC has a National Office in Canberra and State Offices in Adelaide, Brisbane, Darwin, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney.

Each federal electorate has a Divisional Returning Officer responsible for the House of Representatives elections within their division.  Each State also has an Australian Electoral Officer responsible for the Senate elections.

## Duties

The AEC's major duties are to run federal elections, by-elections and referendums. Election Rolls must always be up-to-date. The AEC must also follow up people who do not vote. After the election the AEC provides detailed election results. The AEC is answerable to the Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Matters of the Parliament of Australia. It reports to Parliament on how elections were carried out and the success of the elections in general.

## Other websites

- The Australian Electoral Commission website

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: Australian Electoral Commission
- **formed**: 21 February 1984
- **jurisdiction**: Commonwealth of Australia
- **headquarters**: Canberra
- **minister1 name**: Gary Gray (Australian politician), Gary Gray
- **minister1 pfo**: Special Minister of State
- **chief1 name**: Mr Ed Killesteyn
- **chief1 position**: Electoral Commissioner
- **chief2 name**: The Hon. Peter Heerey QC
- **chief2 position**: Chairperson
- **chief3 name**: Mr Brian Pink
- **chief3 position**: Non-judicial member
- **parent agency**: Department of Finance and Deregulation
- **website**: [http://www.aec.gov.au/ www.aec.gov.au]
Fracking

**Fracking**, or **hydraulic fracturing**, is forcing fractures in a rock layer, by fluid that is put under pressure. Although it can happen naturally, it is now used as a method to force oil and natural gas from shale.

Some hydraulic fractures form naturally: certain dykes are examples. This lets gas and petroleum from source rocks get to reservoir rocks. The first use of hydraulic fracturing to extract substances from rock was in 1947.

The modern fracturing technique, called 'horizontal slickwater fracturing', was first used in 1998. It made the extraction of shale gas economically practical, and cheaper for other kinds of rock. The energy from the injection of a highly pressurized fluid creates new channels in the rock. This increases the extraction rates and recovery of hydrocarbons, which are used for fuel. In 2010 it was estimated that 60% of all new oil and gas wells worldwide were being hydraulically fractured. As of the year 2012, 2.5 million hydraulic fracturing actions have been done on oil and gas wells worldwide, more than one million of them in the United States.

## Advantages and disadvantages

The supporters of hydraulic fracturing point to the economic benefits from the vast amounts of previously out-of-reach hydrocarbons.

Opponents of fracking point to potentially harmful environmental effects. These include contamination of ground water, risks to air quality, the migration of gases and hydraulic fracturing chemicals to the surface, surface contamination from spills and flowback, and the health effects of these. For these reasons hydraulic fracturing has come under examination. Some countries are suspending or banning it.

In 2013, some of those countries, including the United Kingdom, lifted their bans.  Now they have regulations instead of outright prohibition.  Fracking can greatly increase the UK gas reserves.
Deana Carter

**Deana Carter** (born January 4, 1966) is an American country music singer. She began her career in 1994. In 1996, she had successful singles including _Strawberry Wine_ and _How Do I Get There_. Carter was born in Nashville, Tennessee.

## Awards and nominations

|Year|Association|Category|Result|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="6"|1997|39th Grammy Awards|Best Country Female Vocal Performance — "Strawberry Wine"|||
|rowspan="5"|Country Music Association Awards|Single of the Year — "Strawberry Wine"||||
|Female Vocalist of the Year||||||
|Horizon Award||||||
|Album of the Year — _Did I Shave My Legs for This?_||||||
|Music Video of the Year — "Strawberry Wine"||||||
|rowspan="5"|1998|rowspan="3"|Academy of Country Music Awards|Single Record of the Year — "Strawberry Wine"||
|Song of the Year — "Strawberry Wine"||||||
|Top New Female Vocalist||||||
|Country Music Association Awards|Music Video of the Year — "Did I Shave My Legs for This?"|||||
|40th Grammy Awards|Best Country Female Vocal Performance — "Did I Shave My Legs for This?"|||||
|2011|Country Music Association Awards|Song of the Year — "You and Tequila"||||
|2012|54th Grammy Awards|Best Country Song — "You and Tequila"||||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Deana Carter
- **image**: Deana Carter 2014.JPG
- **birth name**: Deana Kay Carter
- **birth place**: Nashville, Tennessee, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 1994–present
- **associated acts**: Fred Carter Jr., Willie Nelson
Gabriele d'Annunzio

General** Gabriele D'Annunzio, Prince of Montenevoso**  (, , ; 12 March 1863 – 1 March 1938), sometimes written **d'Annunzio**, was an Italian writer, poet, journalist and playwright. He was nicknamed "Il Vate" (The Poet) and "Il Profeta" (The Prophet) and he was associated with the Decadent movement.

### Novels

- _Il piacere_ (1889)
- _Giovanni Episcopo _(1891)
- _L'innocente _(1892)
- _Il trionfo della morte _(_The Triumph of Death_, 1894)
- _Le vergini delle rocce _(_The Maidens of the Rocks_, 1895)
- _Il fuoco _( _The Flame of Life: A Novel_, 1900)
- _Forse che sì forse che no _(1910)

### Tragedies

- _La città morta _(The Dead City: a Tragedy, 1899).
- _La Gioconda _(Gioconda, 1899).
- _Francesca da Rimini_ (1902).
- _L'Etiopia in fiamme_ (1904).
- _La figlia di Jorio_ (1904).
- _La fiaccola sotto il moggio_ (1905).
- _La nave_ (1908).
- _Fedra_ (1909).

### Short story collections

- _Terra vergine_ (1882)
- _Le novelle della Pescara_ (1884–1886)

### Poetry collections

- _Primo vere _(1879)
- _Canto novo _(1882)
- _Poema paradisiaco _(1893)
- The five books of _Laudi del cielo, del mare, della terra e degli eroi_ (1903–1912)
    - _Maia (Canto Amebeo della Guerra) _
    - _Elettra
    - _Alcyone_
    - _Merope
    - _Asterope (La Canzone del Quarnaro)
- _Ode alla nazione serba'' (1914)
Kathy Mattea

**Kathleen "Kathy" Mattea** (born June 21, 1959, West Virginia) is an American Celtic recording artist and country musician. She had multiple strong-charting singles. Some of them are _Eighteen Wheels and a Dozen Roses_ and _Where've You Been_. Her career began in 1983.
Hiroshi Miyamura

**Hiroshi H. Miyamura** (October 6, 1925 – November 29, 2022), also known as **Hershey Miyamura**, was a United States Army soldier.  He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in the Korean War.

## Early life

Miyamura was born in Gallup, New Mexico to Japanese immigrant parents. He is a _Nisei_, which means that he is a second generation Japanese-American.

## Soldier

Miyamura joined the US Army in January 1945.

Miyamura volunteered to be part of the all-_Nisei_ 100th Infantry Battalion.  This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

After the end of World War II, he became part of the U.S. Army Reserve. He was called to active duty in the Korean War.  He was a prisoner of war for 28 months.

## Medal of Honor citation

Miyamura's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in Korea in 1951. He fought in close quarters combat; and he stayed behind to provide covering fire while his unit withdrew.

The words of Miyamura's citation explain:
> Cpl. Miyamura, a member of Company H, distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action against the enemy. On the night of 24 April, Company H was occupying a defensive position when the enemy fanatically attacked threatening to overrun the position. Cpl. Miyamura, a machinegun squad leader, aware of the imminent danger to his men unhesitatingly jumped from his shelter wielding his bayonet in close hand-to-hand combat killing approximately 10 of the enemy. Returning to his position, he administered first aid to the wounded and directed their evacuation. As another savage assault hit the line, he manned his machinegun and delivered withering fire until his ammunition was expended. He ordered the squad to withdraw while he stayed behind to render the gun inoperative. He then bayoneted his way through infiltrated enemy soldiers to a second gun emplacement and assisted in its operation. When the intensity of the attack necessitated the withdrawal of the company Cpl. Miyamura ordered his men to fall back while he remained to cover their movement. He killed more than 50 of the enemy before his ammunition was depleted and he was severely wounded. He maintained his magnificent stand despite his painful wounds, continuing to repel the attack until his position was overrun. When last seen he was fighting ferociously against an overwhelming number of enemy soldiers. Cpl. Miyamura's indomitable heroism and consummate devotion to duty reflect the utmost glory on himself and uphold the illustrious traditions on the military service.

## Namesake

An area in Gallup, New Mexico was named for Miyamura   The Hiroshi H. Miyamura High School is named after him.

An I-40 highway interchange is also named after him.  It is also called the Miyamura Overpass.

## Related pages

- List of living Medal of Honor recipients
- List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients
- List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients
Sanaa Lathan

**Sanaa Lathan** (born September 19, 1971 in New York City, New York) is an American actress,  stage performer and model who has also done television acts, including _Family Matters_ and _Moesha_, the latter of which starred the singer Brandy.
Yoshihiko Noda

**Yoshihiko Noda**  was Prime Minister of Japan from 2011 to 2012. He was leader of the Democratic Party of Japan (Minshuto). He was defeated by Shinzo Abe's party in an election in December 2012. In 2024, he was elected Leader of the Constitutional Democratic Party serving until 2026.

Noda was born in Funabashi, Chiba. His family was poor.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Yoshihiko Noda
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Yoshihiko_Noda_20110902.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2011
- **office**: Prime Minister of Japan
- **monarch**: Akihito
- **deputy**: Katsuya Okada (2012)
- **term start**: 2 September 2011
- **term end**: 26 December 2012
- **predecessor**: Naoto Kan
- **successor**: Shinzo Abe
- **office1**: Leader of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan, Constitutional Democratic Party
- **deputy1**: Akira Nagatsuma
Kiyomi Tsujimoto
Hiroshi Ogushi
- **term start1**: 23 September 2024
- **term end1**: 19 January 2026
- **predecessor1**: Kenta Izumi
- **successor1**: Shunichi Mizuoka
- **office2**: Secretary-General of the Democratic Party (Japan, 2016), Democratic Party
- **president2**: Renhō
- **term start2**: September 2016
- **term end2**: September 2017
- **predecessor2**: Yukio Edano
- **successor2**: Atsushi Oshima
- **office3**: Democratic Party of Japan#Presidents of the Democratic Party of Japan, President of the Democratic Party of Japan
- **term start3**: 29 August 2011
- **term end3**: 25 December 2012
- **predecessor3**: Naoto Kan
- **successor3**: Banri Kaieda
- **office4**: Minister of Finance (Japan), Minister of Finance
- **primeminister4**: Naoto Kan
- **term start4**: 8 June 2010
- **term end4**: 2 September 2011
- **predecessor4**: Naoto Kan
- **successor4**: Jun Azumi
- **office5**: Minister of Finance (Japan), Senior Vice Minister of Finance
- **minister5**: Hirohisa Fujii
Naoto Kan
- **term start5**: 16 September 2009
- **term end5**: 8 June 2010
- **alongside5**: Naoki Minezaki
- **predecessor5**: Wataru Takeshita
Masatoshi Ishida (politician), Masatoshi Ishida
- **successor5**: Motohisa Ikeda
Naoki Minezaki
- **office6**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives
- **term start6**: 26 June 2000
- **predecessor6**: Shōichi Tanaka
- **constituency7**: Chiba 4th district
- **term start8**: 19 July 1993
- **term end8**: 27 September 1996
- **predecessor8**: Ken'ichi Ueno
- **successor8**: _Constituency abolished_
- **constituency8**: Chiba 1st district (1947–93), Chiba 1st district
- **birth place**: Funabashi, Chiba, Funabashi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
- **party**: Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan, Constitutional Democratic
- **otherparty**: Japan New Party, Japan New

New Frontier Party (Japan), New Frontier

Democratic Party of Japan, Democratic

Democratic Party (Japan, 2016), Democratic

Independent (politician), Independent

Group of Independents (Japan), Group of Independents

Group of Independents (Japan), Social Security

- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: Waseda University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **website**: [http://www.nodayoshi.gr.jp Government website]
Holy Innocents' Day

**Holy Innocents** is on December 28. It remembers the killing of the male children of Bethlehem by Herod, as recorded in the Gospel of Matthew. It is not known exactly when the church began celebrating this event. The first mention of the day dates to the year 485.

## Related pages

- Star of Bethlehem
- The Twelve Days of Christmas
The Twelve Days of Christmas

The **Twelve Days of Christmas** are the festive days which begin on Christmas Day (25 December). This is also known as Christmastide and Twelvetide. The Twelfth Night of Christmas is always on the evening of 5 January. The Twelfth Day can either be before or follow the Twelfth Night according to which Christian tradition is followed. Twelfth Night is followed by the Feast of the Epiphany on 6 January. In some traditions, the first day of Epiphany (6 January) and the twelfth day of Christmas are the same.

Over the centuries, differing churches and sects of Christianity have changed the actual traditions, time frame and their interpretations. St. Stephen's Day (or Boxing Day), for example, is 26 December in the Western Church and 27 December in the Eastern Church. 28 December is Childermas or the Feast of the Innocents. Currently, the twelve days and nights are celebrated in widely varying ways around the world. For example, some give gifts only on Christmas Day, some only on Twelfth Night, and some each of the twelve nights. The song "The Twelve Days of Christmas" is about this giving of gifts.

## Related pages

- Saint Stephen (December 26)
- Saint John the Apostle (December 27)
- Holy Innocents' Day (December 28)
- Epiphany (holiday) (January 6)

## Infobox (holiday)

- **holiday name**: 12 Days of Christmas
- **type**: Christian
- **image**: Adoration assisi.jpg
- **caption**: _The Adoration of the Magi_. Fresco in Lower Church, Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi
- **observedby**: Christians
- **date**: 25 December–5/6 January
- **observances**: Varies between countries and cultures
- **relatedto**: Christmas, Christmas Day, Twelfth Night (holiday), Twelfth Night, Epiphany (Christian), Epiphany
Natalia Cigliuti

**Natalia Cigliuti** (born September 6, 1978, New York City) is a television actress. She acted in many TV programs. The most popular of these include _All My Children_ and _Pacific Palisades_.
Epiphany

**Epiphany** is a word with several related meanings.

Originally, in Greek, it meant a striking appearance. Now it means:

- Epiphany, a sudden insight to a puzzling problem, as in Eureka effect
- Epiphany (holiday), a religious holiday, the feast of the Epiphany which celebrates the visit of the wise men to see Jesus
- Epiphany (software)
Get Scraped

***Get Scraped*** is the debut full-length album by Canadian electronica producer, deadmau5. _Get Scraped_ was released on July 26, 2005 on CD and was also released on June 12, 2006 for digital download.

The tracklist for the 2006 digital download version was rearranged. The 2006 version also featured the acoustic version of "Careless" which replaced both "Message from Nowhere" and "FlashTV".

## Other websites

- Get Scraped at Allmusic

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Get Scraped
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: deadmau5
- **released**: July 26, 2005 (CD)
June 12, 2006 (download)
- **recorded**: 2002-2005
- **genre**: Progressive electronic dance music, Progressive house, Intelligent dance music, IDM, Electro music, electro, minimal techno, Trance music, trance, psychedelic trance, downtempo, Ambient music, ambient, noise pop, trip hop, breakbeat
- **length**: 69:41 (CD)
66:26 (download)
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: ZOOLOOK
- **producer**: deadmau5, Joel Zimmerman
- **next title**: deadmau5 Circa 1998–2002
- **next year**: 2006