juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Hotel Del Monte

The **Hotel Del Monte** was a large resort hotel in Monterey, California, from its opening in 1880 until 1942. It was one of the finest luxury hotels in North America. During World War II, it closed and the building was leased to the United States Navy. Later the Hotel Del Monte became the Naval Postgraduate School.

## History

Charles Crocker, one of California's Big Four railroad leader in California, started the resort with the help of his company, the Pacific Improvement Company. The first hotel opened on June 3, 1880. Nearby, along Monterey Bay, there was a train station called Del Monte station, named after the hotel, where people arriving by train could get off and visit.

On February 28, 1919 Samuel Finley Brown Morse started a new company called Del Monte Properties Company. He acquired the land and buildings from the Pacific Improvement Company, which included the Del Monte Forest, the Del Monte Lodge, and the Hotel Del Monte.

There have been three buildings on this site. The first one was designed by architect Arthur Brown Sr., who used to work for the Southern Pacific Railroad. It was destroyed by fire on June 1, 1887 and was replaced. On September 27, 1924, the second hotel, also called Hotel Del Monte, was destroyed by fire. The area surrounding the hotel became known as Pebble Beach, California, now a world-renowned resort and golf course. The current building was built in 1926 and was designed by architects Lewis P. Hobart and Clarence A. Tantau.

At the start of World War II, the U.S. Navy took over the Hotel Del Monte and turned it into a training school. In 1947, the Navy bought the hotel and the  of land around it for $2.5 million (). In 1951, the United States Naval Academy's postgraduate school moved from Annapolis, Maryland, to the old Hotel del Monte. Today, the hotel is called Herrmann Hall and is the main building of the Naval Postgraduate School.

## Other websites

- Naval Postgraduate School
- Historic photographs from the Naval Postgraduate School, many include the Hotel Del Monte
- “On the Monterey Peninsula” (Hotel Del Monte), _Shapes of Clay_

## Infobox (historic site)

- **name**: Hotel Del Monte
- **image**: Beauties of California (1883) (14762391891).jpg
- **caption**: Hotel Del Monte in 1883
- **locmapin**: California
- **map relief**: yes
- **map caption**: Map of California
- **map dot label**: Hotel Del Monte
- **location**: Monterey, California
- **built**: 1880
- **rebuilt**: 1924
- **architects**: Lewis P. Hobart and Clarence A. Tantau
- **owner**: Naval Postgraduate School, United States Navy
Gunilla Ahren

**Gunilla Ahren** (born February 9, 1944) is a retired para-alpine skier from Sweden. She competed for her country in Paralympic alpine skiing at the 1984 and 1988 Paralympic Winter Games, both in Innsbruck, Austria, and won six medals: four gold, one silver, and one bronze.

## Career

Ahren competed in the 1984 Winter Paralympics in the LW6/8 category and won four gold medals: in the slalom (with a time of 1:16.04), giant slalom (1:28.68), downhill (1:09.20), and Alpine super combined.

In the 1988 Winter Paralympics, she won a silver medal in the slalom race (gold went to Martina Altenberger with 1:15.63, and bronze to Eszbieta Dadok with 1:37.46), and a bronze medal in the downhill with a time of 1:17.64 (Martina Altenberger won gold with 1:13.87, and Nancy Gustafson took silver with 1:14.51). She also competed in the giant slalom.

Ahren also participated in the 1990 World Paralympic Championships.

## Other websites

- Gunilla Ahren at Paralympic.org

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Gunilla Ahren
- **country**: Sweden
- **sport**: Para-alpine skiing
Anangpal Tomar

**Anangpal II** or **Anangpal Tomar** was a Rajput ruler from the Tomara dynasty. He is known to have established and populated Delhi in the 11th century. The Tomaras ruled the parts of Northern India at different times. Anangpal Tomar is said to be the 16th and last Tomara ruler succeeded by the Chahamanas (Chauhan Rajput dynasty). He traced the lineage to the Chandravanshi Kshatriya kings, namely Arjuna from the epic Mahabharata.
Earlier the Tomars were known as '<nowiki/>_Tur_<nowiki/>' which later changed to '<nowiki/>_Tanwar_<nowiki/>' and then to **Tomar''<nowiki/>'. The scholars  from IIT, JNU, BHU, Punjab University as well as renowned archaeologists from ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) have agreed that the caste of King Anangpal Tomar is Hindu Rajput.

Tomar Rajput villages are found in large numbers in Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujrat. The most popular are the places like Gwalior, Bhind, Morena of Madhya Pradesh and the Satha 84 region of Uttarpradesh which has 60 villages of Sisodia Rajputs and 84 villages of Tomar Rajputs.**'

Some other notable Tomar/Tanwar Rajput rulers are as follows:

- Raja Man Singh Tomar of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh
- Ramshah Tomar of Gwalior, the brave warrior who fought mughal emperor Akbar in the battle of Haldighati along with his sons and grandson as allies with Maharana Pratap

## References

__INDEX__
Hans Jonk

**Hans Jonk** also known as **de Kip** (6 January 1948 - 8 August 2024) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a defender. He played 106 matches for FC Volendam.

## Biography

Jonk was a member of “de Kip” football family. He was a son of Trijn de Kip who was a sister of footballers Thoom Smit, Evert Smit, Hein Smit and Klaas Smit (de Kip) who were active during the 1950s. His brother Jan Jonk was also a footballer.

As a junior footballer Jonk was a member of the junior team of FC Volendam, reaching in 1964 and 1965 the final of the Dutch national championships. Later he became a member of the main senior team of FC Volendam and became professional from the 1970-71 season.

Jonk had a very poor eyesight. As a result, he sometimes timed wrong, that sometimes affected the opponent. He tried to play with glasses and contact lenses, but that didn't work.

Jonk was a physically strong player was tactically very good. Due to his speed, he was often in control of the situation. He liked, as he called it, a 'strong and fierce game' and played with complete dedication without any fear. Due to his attitude he often suffered physical damage. On 16 August 1972, he had head contact with Arend Steunenberg of Heracles. Jonk suffered a broken jaw and severe concussion. He passed out in the dressing room, vomited blood and was taken to hospital for observation.

A notorious match was on 22 November 1970. A supporter threw a beer bottle to Jonk and in the second half Jonk was attacked by Wietze Couperus of ADO Den Haag.

From the 1974-75 season he continued, together with other first team players, as an amateur with the “Saturday team” off Volendam. With the team he became among others second division champion in 1977.

Jonk died on 8 August 2024 at the age of 76.
Hyloxalus anthracinus

The **South American rocket frog** (_Hyloxalus anthracinus_) is a frog.  It lives in  Ecuador.

## Body

The adult male frog is about 16.2–19.0 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 17.1-23.6 mm long. This frog has no webbed skin on any of its four feet. The skin of the frog's back is blurry with lighter marks. Some frogs also have black marks. There is a black line from the shoulder to the rear end. Big male frogs have darker bellies than small male frogs. Older female frogs have more spots on their throats than young female frogs. Female frogs have white bellies. The male frog's male organs are white in color.

## Name

Scientists named this frog _anthracinus_ for anthracite coal because the frog's stripe are as black as coal.

## Home

This frog lives in a special kind of forest called paramo and in other forests on mountains where there is water in the air. People have seen this frog on bromeliads plants and under dead trees and rocks near streams. People have seen this frog between 2185 and 3860 meters above sea level.

Many of the places the frog lives are protected parks, for example Parque Nacional Sangay, Parque Nacional Rio Negro Sopladora, Parque Nacional Cajas, and Siete Iglesias.

## Young

Scientists think that the female frog lays eggs on the ground and that the male frogs carry the tadpoles to streams.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out. People cut down trees where the frog lives to make farms and other things that people need. The fungal disease chytridiomycosis could also kill this frog.
Bernardo Ruiz

**Bernardo Ruiz Navarrete** (8 January 1925 – 14 August 2025) was a Spanish professional road bicycle racer. He won the overall and climbers competition at the 1948 Vuelta a España.

Ruiz went on to become the first Spaniard to take two wins in a single edition of the Tour de France in 1951, the first to finish on the overall podium at the Tour the year after, and the first to win a stage of the Giro d'Italia in 1955.

Ruiz was born into a Communist Party-supporting family in Orihuela and grew up in the Valencian Community.

Ruiz turned 100 in January 2025. He died seven months later on 14 August 2025 in Orihuela.

## Other websites

- Official Tour de France results for Bernardo Ruiz

## Infobox (cyclist)

- **name**: Bernardo Ruiz
- **image**: Bernardo_Ruiz_(1954).jpg
- **birth place**: Orihuela, Spain
- **death place**: Orihuela, Spain
- **discipline**: Road
- **role**: Rider
- **ridertype**: All-rounder (cycling), All-rounder
- **majorwins**: 1948 Vuelta a España
For All the Dogs

***For All the Dogs*** is the eighth studio album by Canadian rapper Drake. _For All the Dogs_ was released on October 6, 2023.

During a concert at the Apollo Theater on January 21, 2023, Drake would tease a new album to the crowd.

On June 23, Drake released a poetry book titled _Titles Ruin Everything_. For promotion, he would take out a full-page advertisement in _The New York Times_ along with a QR code. When scanned, the message "I made an album to go with the book... They say they miss the old Drake, girl don't tempt me. For all the dogs" was shown and the album would be confirmed by both OVO Sound and Republic Records.

On August 21, Drake revealed the album's cover art. The artwork being a picture of a white goat with evil red eyes. The picture was drawn by Drake's son Adonis.

Amazon's Music would reveal the release date in a tweet "drizzy’s son has a future as a cover artist. new @drake august 25th!!" but would later delete it. Drake would then reveal the release date as September 22. Drake would later pushback the release date to October 6 because of the ongoing tour's schedule.

The album debuted at #1 on the _Billboard_ 200, selling 402,000 album-equivalent units. The album would chart as 2023's largest streaming week of any album, the fourth-largest ever for an album, and was Drake's thirteenth number-one album in the United States. All of the songs for the album appeared on the _Billboard_ Hot 100, seven of them in the top ten.

The album features the singles "Slime You Out" which was released on September 15, "8AM in Charlotte" on October 5, "Rich Baby Daddy" on October 13, "First Person Shooter" on October 31, and "You Broke My Heart" on November 28.

On November 17, 2023, Drake would release a bonus disc titled _For All the Dogs: Scary Hours Edition_. The bonus disc contained an extra 6 songs.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: For All the Dogs
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Drake (musician), Drake
- **released**: October 6, 2023
- **recorded**: 2022–2023
- **genre**: * Hip hop
* trap music, trap
* contemporary R&B, R&B
- **length**: 84:50
- **label**: * OVO Sound, OVO
* Republic Records, Republic
- **producer**: * 40 (record producer), 40
* The Alchemist (musician), the Alchemist
* Alex Lustig
* Anthoine Walters
* Bangs
* Beatmenace
* Bnyx
* Boi-1da
* Budgie
* Cash Cobain
* Childboy
* Coleman
* Conductor Williams
* Dalton Tennant
* DJ Screw
* Dnny Phntm
* Drake
* Eli Brown
* Fierce
* FnZ
* Gent!
* Gordo (DJ / producer), Gordo
* Grant Lapointe
* Harley Arsenault
* Jahaan Sweet
* JayStolaa
* Jdolla
* Justin Raisen
* Kid Masterpiece
* Klahr
* Lil Yachty
* Liohn
* the Loud Pack
* Lukas
* Mario Luciano
* Nik D
* Noel Cadastre
* Nyan
* Ovrkast
* Oz (record producer), Oz
* Pooh Beatz
* PoWRTrav
* Quasi
* SadPony
* Sango (musician), Sango
* Sauceboy
* Sebastian Shah
* Slatt
* Southside (record producer), Southside
* Stwo
* Tay Keith
* Teezo Touchdown
* TheBoyKam
* Tommy Parker
* Uv Killin Em
* Vinylz
* XYNothing
* Young Troy
- **prev title**: Her Loss
- **prev year**: 2022
- **next title**: 100 Gigs
- **next year**: 2024
Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics

At the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, there were 7 swimming events. There were only men.  There were 76 swimmers. These swimmers were from 12 nations. The swimming was on the Seine river. It was between the Courbevoie Bridge and the Asnières Bridge.

## Events

|200 m freestyle||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1000 m freestyle||||
|4000 m freestyle||||
|200 m backstroke||||
|200 m team swimming|Ernst Hoppenberg Max Hainle Ernst Lührsen Gustav Lexau Herbert von Petersdorff|Maurice Hochepied Victor Hochepied Joseph Bertrand Jules Verbecke Victor Cadet|René Tartara Louis Martin Désiré Mérchez Georges Leuillieux Philippe Houben|
|200 m obstacle event||||
|Underwater swimming||||

## Participating nations

There were 76 swimmers. These swimmers were from 12 different nations.

## Infobox (olympic event)

- **event**: Swimming
- **games**: 1900 Summer
- **image**: Swimming pictogram.svg
- **caption**: Swimming pictogram
- **venue**: Seine
- **dates**: 11–19 August 1900
- **num events**: 7
- **competitors**: 76
- **nations**: 12
- **prev**: Swimming at the 1896 Summer Olympics, 1896
- **next**: Swimming at the 1904 Summer Olympics, 1904
Major League: Back to the Minors

***Major League: Back to the Minors*** is a 1998 American  sports comedy movie written and directed by John Warren. It is the third installment in the _Major League_ movie series (following 1989's _Major League_ and 1994's _Major League II_) and is considered a standalone sequel. Like Major League II, Major League: Back to the Minors was released by Warner Bros. Pictures.
John Tinniswood

**John Alfred Tinniswood** (26 August 1912 – 25 November 2024) was an English supercentenarian. He became the oldest validated living man after the death of 112-year-old Shi Ping of China on 29 June 2024. He worked as an accountant for Royal Mail and Shell-Mex and BP before retiring in 1972.

Tinniswood died in Southport, England on 25 November 2024 at the age of 112 years and 91 days.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Tinniswood
- **birth name**: John Alfred Tinniswood
- **birth place**: Liverpool, Lancashire, England
- **death place**: Southport, Lancashire, England
McVeggie

**McVeggie** is a veggie burger that is sold in McDonald's that is 100% vegetarian food. It is sold mostly in India and Brazil. The ingredients are usually: sesame bun, corn patty, tomato, lettuce, cheese, pickles and mayo. It was invented in 2012 in India and spread around the world. In Sweden and Portugal, McVeggie was renamed as McPlant in 2022.
Parihar Rajputs

**Gurjara-Pratihar** also spell as **Pratihara** or **Parihar** is a clan of Rajputs of northern India. The Pratihar Rajputs claim to be Agnivanshi Kshatriyas and descendants of Lakshmana, younger brother of Hindu Lord Rama.
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (2011 movie)

***Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules*** is a 2011 American comedy film directed by David Bowers in his live-action directorial debut and based on Jeff Kinney's 2008 book of the same name. It stars Zachary Gordon and Devon Bostick. Robert Capron, Rachael Harris, Steve Zahn and Peyton List also have prominent roles. Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules was the first sequel of the franchise.

## Awards and nominations

- 2011 Kids Choice Awards
    - Favorite movie (nominated) lost to The Karate Kid
- 32nd Young Artist Awards
    - Best actor in a feature film (Zach Gordon) (nomination) lost to Jaden Smith
    - Best supporting actor in a feature film (Robert Capron) (nomination) lost to Billy Unger
    - Best supporting actor in a feature film (Alex Ferris) (nomination) Lost to Billy Unger.
    - Best ensemble in a feature film (Zach Gordon, Robert Capron, Devon Bostick, Chloë Moretz, Laine MacNeil, Grayson Russell, Karan Brar and Alex Ferris) (Won)
    - Best supporting actress (Laine MacNeil) (nomination) lost to Diandra Newlin and Stefanie Scott

## Cast

- Zachary Gordon as Greg Heffley
- Devon Bostick as Rodrick Heffley
- Rachael Harris as Susan Heffley
- Robert Capron as Rowley Jefferson
- Steve Zahn as Frank Heffley, Rodrick
- Fran Kranz as Bill Walter
- Peyton List as Holly Hills
- Karan Brar as Chirag Gupta
- Grayson Russell as Fregley
- Laine MacNeil as Patty Farrell
- Connor and Owen Fielding as Manny Heffley
- Bryce Hodgson as Ben
- Terence Kelly as Grandpa Heffley
- Belita Moreno as Mrs. Norton
- Andrew McNee as Coach Malone
- Alfred E. Humphreys as Mr. Jefferson
- Serge Houde as Mr. Salz
- Teryl Rothery as Mrs. Kohan
- Melissa Roxburgh as Rachel Lewis
- Dalila Bela as Taylor Pringle

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: David Bowers (director), David Bowers
- **producer**: Nina Jacobson
Brad Simpson (producer), Brad Simpson
- **screenplay**: Jeff Judah
Gabe Sachs
- **starring**: Zachary Gordon
Devon Bostick
Rachael Harris
Robert Capron
Steve Zahn
- **music**: Edward Shearmur
- **cinematography**: Jack N. Green
- **editing**: Troy Takaki
- **distributor**: 20th Century Fox
- **runtime**: 100 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $18-21 million
- **gross**: $72.5 million
Snap Your Fingers, Snap Your Neck

"**Snap Your Fingers, Snap Your Neck**" is a song by the American heavy metal band Prong. It was released in 1994 as the lead single from their fourth studio album, _Cleansing_. The song became the band's biggest hit. It peaked at number 80 on the UK singles chart for two weeks.

## Recording

Metal Hammer writer Stephen Hill states that "Snap Your Fingers, Snap Your Neck" was built on fat hooks, straight-to-the-point beats and a downtuned, chugging riff that would later become a staple of the emergent nu metal scene. But although Snap... has one of Prong’s most iconic riffs, Tommy admits he can’t remember much about writing it."

“We didn’t want to do thrash or crossover,” Tommy Victor explains. “We didn’t know what to do, but we knew we didn’t want to do that. So we thought, ‘Let’s go back to floor-danceable metal’, the kind of thing that people wanted to listen to in clubs. Regular songs rather than Master of Puppets.”

## Legacy

“That song enabled Prong to have some longevity,” Victor says. “I look at it like this: it contributed to this career that I’ve had for so long. We’ve got something to preserve now, we’ve got our 13th album _State Of Emergency_ coming out, that’s pretty cool. That legacy of Prong, to be able to continue that and still be on a record label, probably because of that song, it’s great. It still gets added to Spotify playlists, the numbers are good, and it doesn’t stop.”

A music video of "Snap Your Fingers, Snap Your Neck" was released in 1994. It saw heavy rotation on MTV. It was also featured on an episode of Beavis and Butt-Head. The song has been covered by Dry Kill Logic, Demon Hunter, Six Feet Under and Grinspoon.

## Track listing

- Vinyl single

- CD single

## Personnel

- Prong
- Tommy Victor — vocals, guitar
- Paul Raven — bass guitar
- Ted Parsons — drums
- John Bechdel — keyboards, programming

- Technical credits
- Terry Date — producer, engineer
- Prong — producer
- Ted Jensen — mastering

## Infobox (single)

- **type**: single
- **name**: Snap Your Fingers, Snap Your Neck
- **artist**: Prong (band), Prong
- **album**: Cleansing (album), Cleansing
- **released**: 1994
- **recorded**: 1993
- **length**: 4:11 (album version)
3:57 (single version)
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **writer**: Prong
- **prev title**: Unconditional
- **prev year**: 1991
- **next title**: Whose Fist Is This Anyway?
- **next year**: 1994
Tau Ceti e

**Tau Ceti e**, also called **52 Ceti e**, is a possibly real exoplanet orbiting (going around) Tau Ceti. It was detected in 2012 by using tools and their data to analyze if it was a planet. It would orbit between Venus and Mercury at a distance of 0.552 AU with an orbital period of 168 days. It has a minimum mass of 3.93 Earth masses.
Minimum mass

In astronomy, **minimum mass** is the lower-bound calculated mass of objects like planets, stars, nebulae, and black holes.

Minimum mass is used a lot for extrasolar planets discovered by the radial velocity method. It is found using the binary mass function.
Hyloxalus sauli

The **Saint Cecilia rocket frog** or **Santa Cecelia rocket frog** (_Hyloxalus sauli_) is a frog.  It lives in  Ecuador and Colombia.

## Body

The adult male frog is about 19.7-24.9 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 22.2-28.7 mm long. The skin of the adult male frog's back is brown or gray. The adult female frog has some cream-white color. Male frogs and female frogs have different colors on their bellies.

## Name

Scientists named this frog fro William Saul, who did good things for Santa Cecilia, Ecuador, and for the University of Kansas' Museum of Natural History.

## Home

This frog lives under dead leaves on the ground and next to streams in forest that has never been cut down and forest that was cut down and is growing back. People do not see them in places that human beings have changed. People have seen this frog between 220 and 800 meters above sea level.

Some of the places this frog lives are protected parks: Parque Nacional Yasuní, Reserva de Producción de Fauna Cuyabeno, Reserva Biológica Limoncocha, Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini.

## Young

Some scientists say the male frog calls to the female frogs and that male frogs fight each other. Male and female frogs stay together for months. The female frog lays her eggs on the dead leaves on the ground. The tadpoles are clear-brown in color with other brown marks and a black mark on the tail. After the eggs hatch, the male frog carries the tadpoles to water.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in not in danger of dying out. It is in some danger because people change the places where it lives to get wood to build with, make farms, make places for animals to live, and dig good metal out of the ground.
Eugènie Herlaar

**Eugènie Herlaar** (Curaçao, 10 November 1939 – 14 August 2024) was a first news presenter. She is most known for being the first Dutch female news presenter of _NOS Journaal_ in 1965.

In the 1960s it was assumed female news presenters were not desirable, and turned out from a British test of the BBC. Herlaar wrote to the NOS, she was hired and she proved the opposite. She made many reports, including the announcement of the birth of Prince Willem-Alexander. She was praised for her 'velvet voice' and received multiple prizes including twice the Order of Orange-Nassau (member in 1998 and knight in 2008) and a prize in 1966 by the “Nederlandse Vereniging voor Slechthorenden”.

Herlaar died on 14 August 2024 after a short illness at the age of 84.
Illit

**Illit** (; ; ; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean girl group formed by Belift Lab, a sub-label of Hybe, through the JTBC 2023 survival competition show _R U Next?_. The group has five members. They are Yunah, Minju, Moka, Wonhee, and Iroha. The group let out a song on March 25, 2024, with the extended play (EP) _Super Real Me_.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Illit
- **image**: 241120 ILLIT.jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **caption**: Illit in 2024
L–R: Yunah, Minju, Iroha, Wonhee, and Moka
- **origin**: Seoul, South Korea
- **genre**: K-pop
- **years active**: 2024–present
- **current members**: * Yunah
* Minju
* Moka
* Wonhee
* Iroha
South Coast (California)

The **South Coast** is a region of California, making up roughly the southernmost third of the Californian coast.

A Southern California coastal region is defined by California Environmental Resources Evaluation System (CERES) as including parts of six counties: the western section of Ventura, all of Orange, the majority of Los Angeles, the southwestern corner of San Bernardino, the western area of Riverside, and the majority of western San Diego. CERES calls this the South Coast Bioregion.

## Related pages

- Central Coast (California)
- North Coast (California)
- Southern California

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: South Coast
- **settlement type**: Region of California
- **image skyline**: 2021-10-05 18 18 07 View of Santa Monica, Los Angeles County and Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California from an airplane which had just taken off from Los Angeles International Airport.jpg
- **image caption**: View of Santa Monica, Los Angeles County and Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: California
- **population**: 16.1 million in
Hoth

**Hoth** is an ice planet in _Star Wars_. Its star is just called Hoth and there are 6 planets in the hoth system. Hoth planet is the last one and the hoth system has 4 rocky planets.
Endor (Star Wars)

The Endor system is a binary system in Star Wars. It is like the Tatto system. Endor is similar to Polyphemus. It has 9 moons: Salprezzar, Fentakka, Goouls, Haul, Makka, Kef, Bir, Korkar, and Sharls Vix the forest Moon of Endor.
Nicolás Gutiérrez

Lieutenant Colonel **Nicolás Gutiérrez** was the temporary governor of Northern California twice in 1836. He first served from January to May and again from July to November.

Gutiérrez was the temporary governor of California in 1836, during a turbulent period in the history of Mexican California. The Siete Leyes reforms to Mexico's government had combined the two territories of Alta California and Baja California into a single _departamento_ under the pre-1804 Spanish-era name of _Las Californias_. His term began on January 2, 1836, succeeding acting governor José Castro, and Gutiérrez served as governor _ad interim_ until the arrival of official appointee Mariano Chico. Chico, however, was unpopular and was dismissed for abandoning his post, and Gutiérrez returned to the job in July.

Gutierrez was removed from his job as governor on November 5, 1836, when Juan Bautista Alvarado and José Castro, and a group of foreigners led by Isaac Graham took over. The battle was short and surrender was secured after the firing of just one artillery round at the governor's residence in Monterey. Gutierrez and his cadre of officers were detained at Cabo San Lucas on the English brig _Clementine_ before returning to Mexico. Alvarado declared independence from Mexico.

## Infobox (governor)

- **name**: Nicolás Gutiérrez
- **office1**: Interim List of governors of California before 1850 , Governors of California
- **term start1**: 1 August 1836
- **term end1**: 3 November 1836
- **predecessor1**: Mariano Chico
- **successor1**: José Castro (for 1 month)
- **term start2**: 2 January 1836
- **term end2**: 3 May 1836
- **predecessor2**: José Castro
- **successor2**: Juan Bautista Alvarado
- **profession**: Soldier
WJJW

**WJJW** (91.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Variety format. Licensed to North Adams, Massachusetts, United States, the station serves the Northern Berkshire County area. The station is owned by the Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts.

The callsign WJJW had previously been assigned to a Wyandotte, Michigan radio station broadcasting at 103.1 MHz. The station operated from September 11, 1947 to May 1, 1951.
Pop metal

**Pop metal** (often confused with glam metal) is an umbrella term for commercial heavy metal. It's a fusion genre of heavy metal and pop music. It often has  catchy hooks and anthemic choruses. It became popular in the 1980s among acts such as Bon Jovi, Europe, Def Leppard, Poison, Mötley Crüe, and Ratt.

The term is also applied to some bands and artists that have formed since the 1990s that mix aspects of pop and heavy metal into their sound.

## Characteristics

Pop metal is a variation of heavy metal. Its's characterized by catchy pop-influenced hooks and guitar riffs. It was influenced by the anthemic choruses of arena rock. Pop metal recordings are often loud, but usually have "slick," radio-friendly production. Starting in the late 1970s, pop metal was combined with glam rock, resulting in the genre of glam metal.

The alternate term "metal pop" was coined by Philip Bashe in 1983. He described Van Halen and Def Leppard as such. Sam Dunn, in his documentary, _Metal: A Headbanger's Journey_, tries to differentiate pop and glam metal. He labeled the bands Def Leppard, Europe, and Whitesnake as pop metal,  but Mötley Crüe and Poison as glam metal.

## History

The catchy hard rock of Kiss, Van Halen, Thin Lizzy and AC/DC in the 1970s helped spawn the genre. Van Halen's 1978 debut album marked a turning point in the style, making the sound "flashier, more creative, and more energetic than  before." The first wave of pop metal, which isn't as pop-oriented as later acts, includes bands such as Mötley Crüe, Quiet Riot, Dokken, Ratt, and Twisted Sister.

More melodic acts such as Def Leppard and Bon Jovi saw further success in the 1980s with albums like _Pyromania_ (1983) and _Slippery When Wet_ (1986). The genre's popularity was at its peak between 1982 and 1991. The arrival of grunge in 1991 turned audiences away from pop metal.

Despite the decline in popularity, the term "pop metal" is also applied to a number of rock and metal acts not associated with glam metal. This includes bands and artists such as Amaranthe, Andrew W.K., Architects, Bring Me the Horizon, Coheed and Cambria, Dead by April, Evanescence, Halestorm, Ghost, In Flames, In This Moment, Issues, Lacuna Coil, Poppy, Shinedown, the Pretty Reckless, We Are the Fallen, and Weezer.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Pop metal
- **other names**: Metal pop
- **stylistic origins**: * Heavy metal music, Heavy metal
* Pop music, pop
* hard rock
* arena rock
* pop rock
* power pop
- **cultural origins**: Late 1970s and early to mid 1980s
- **fusiongenres**: * Glam metal
* kawaii metal
- **other topics**: * Pop rock
* power pop
* Electronic rock#Synth-metal, synth-metal
* arena rock
Swimming at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men's underwater swimming

The men's underwater swimming was an event in the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. It was on 12 August. It was in the Seine river. There were 14 swimmers. These swimmers were from 4 different nations. Charles Devendeville of France won the event. André Six of France was in 2nd. Peder Lykkeberg of Denmark was in 3rd place. He was the best underwater swimmer. However, he swam in circles. The distance was measured in a straight line.

## Background

The 1900 games was the only underwater swimming event. I t was not watched enough to be used in other Olympic games.

## Competition

You were given 1 point for swimming for a second. You were given 2 points for swimming 1 metre underwater.  The distance was counted in a straight line.

## Schedule

|Date|Time|Round|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Monday, 12 August 1900|**9:00**|**Final**|

## Results

|Rank||Swimmer||Nation||Seconds||Metres||Score|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||||68.4|60.00|188.4||||||
||||65.4|60.00|185.4||||||
||||90.0|28.50|147.0||||||
|4|de Romand||50.2|47.50|145.2||||||
|5|Léon Tisserand||48.0|30.75|109.5||||||
|6|||30.0|36.95|103.9||||||
|7|Menault||38.4|32.50|103.4||||||
|8|||32.0|34.00|100.0||||||
|9|||29.6|31.00|91.6||||||
|10|Paul Kaisermann||56.8|16.10|89.0||||||
|11|Jean Leclerq||28.0|30.00|88.0||||||
|12|Chevrand||32.0|20.00|72.0||||||
|13|||22.4|23.50|69.4||||||
|14|Eucher||23.0|21.50|66.0||||||

## Other websites

- 1900 Summer Olympics swimming events results

## Infobox (olympic event)

- **event**: Men's underwater swimming
- **games**: 1900 Summer
- **image**: Le bassin d'Asnières, pour les compétitions de natation lors des Jeux Olympiques de 1900.jpg
- **caption**: The swimming venue in 1900
- **venue**: River Seine
- **date**: August 12
- **competitors**: 14
- **nations**: 4
- **longnames**: yes
- **win value**: 188.4
- **win label**: Winning score
- **gold**: Charles Devendeville
- **goldnoc**: FRA
- **silver**: André Six
- **silvernoc**: FRA
- **bronze**: Peder Lykkeberg
- **bronzenoc**: DEN
Tomo Miličević

**Tomislav** "**Tomo**" **Miličević** (; born September 3, 1979) is a Bosnian-American musician and record producer. He was the lead guitarist of the rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars from 2003 to 2018. Born in Sarajevo but raised in the United States, Miličević moved to Troy, Michigan, in the early 1980s, where he became active in the local heavy metal scene and played in a number of bands, co-founding Morphic. In 2003, he joined Thirty Seconds to Mars, with whom he achieved worldwide recognition in the mid-2000s after recording the band's second album _A Beautiful Lie_ (2005). Its full-length follow-ups, _This Is War_ (2009) and _Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams_ (2013), received further critical and commercial success.

Miličević has also worked as a collaborator and music producer. Throughout the 2010s, he was featured on a recording with Dommin and collaborated with Ivy Levan on a number of releases, including _Introducing the Dame_ (2013) and _No Good_ (2015). Miličević has experimented with various guitar effects and introduced influences from several genres of music into his own style.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **genre**: Alternative rock


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tomo Miličević
- **image**: Tomo Milicevic (North Gate, 2010) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Miličević performing in Baton Rouge, Louisiana in February 2010
- **birth place**: Sarajevo, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFR Yugoslavia
- **family**: Ivana Miličević (sister)
Cellulose acetate

**Cellulose acetate** is a type of plastic. It is a semi-synthetic plastic made from cotton or tree pulp. It is most commonly used to make photographic film and cigarette filters. There are two types: the triacetate and diacetate.

### Film

Cellulose acetate is the most common film base used for camera films in both still and motion picture photography. Film manufacturers transitioned their products from cellulose nitrate to cellulose acetate from the 1930s to the 1950s. This was done for safety reasons because acetate film is much less flammable than nitrate film. For this reason, acetate film is sometimes called safety film. Older (pre-1948) acetate film was made from the diacetate, whereas newer films are triacetate.

Acetate film can decompose over time into acetic acid, the main ingredient in vinegar. This is a type of chemical reaction called hydrolysis. This is called vinegar syndrome and usually happens when film is stored in hot or humid conditions, but it can sometimes happen to film that was stored properly.

### Cigarette filters

Almost all modern cigarette filters are made of cellulose acetate. This is usually the diacetate and it is made in the form of a fiber rather than a sheet. Cellulose acetate is good at removing bad-tasting chemicals from the cigarette smoke while leaving in natural tobacco flavor and nicotine. Cellulose acetate cigarette filters are controversial because they are the most common form of litter in most parts of the world, they take a long time to decompose, and they don't make smoking safer.
Rafah Municipality Public Library

**The Rafah Municipality Public Library** is located in the center of the Palestinian city Rafah in the far south of the Gaza Strip. The library has a hall where councils, seminars, lectures, conferences and workshops are held.

The library is managed by Talal Hamdan. and Maysoun Shaath is Secretary of the Children's Department.

## History

The library opened in 1986.

In order to encourage people to read, and children in particular, the library has organized numerous campaigns in cooperation with the Ministry of Education and organizations who work with children, including the "Dad, Read to Me" campaign, and has also organized events within schools such as "School Library Week".

Talal Hamdan receives the management of the library.

The library underwent further reforms as part of the “Libraries for Change” project, implemented by the  and its partners. These repairs resulted in the library having a solar energy system that ensures the library’s full and continuous operation after it had been suffering from power outages of up to 12 hours a day. The project also helped provide modern computers and equipment for the library and train library staff to manage it.

## Statistics

In 2015, the library received more than 12,740 visitors, including four thousand children. The number of books at the library at the end of 2016 was about 42,000.
Samir Mansour Library

**Samir Mansour Library** is one of the most important and largest libraries in Gaza City. It is located on the 30th Street, which includes three universities: Al-Azhar, Al-Aqsa University, and the Islamic University. The Kahil building was destroyed by Israeli airstrikes.

At its height, the library contained more than 400,000 books on religion, culture, literature, politics, economics, and children's stories, in addition to being part of a publishing house that focuses on publishing the works of Palestinian writers. It is a prominent cultural community center in the sector that serves the local community and Palestinian school students. The library was nominated for the Voltaire Prize in 2021.

## History

The library was founded by Samir Mansour in 2000, who had worked with his father since 1980 in the field of printing and books. In the early 1980s, Mansour was just 15 years old when he took his first job, helping his father in the library. In 2000, he further developed his father's project by establishing a publishing house, and began publishing the works of local authors, which later became an essential outlet for Palestinian authors and educators, especially after the tight siege on the Gaza Strip in 2006.

## Destruction

Israeli occupation of the West Bank
The library was first destroyed in May of the 2021 Israel-Palestine crisis by Israeli airstrikes, costing the library $700,000. Human rights lawyers Mahvish Roxana and Clive Stafford Smith launched a fundraising campaign for the library, which suffered from severe shortages of building supplies during its reconstruction due to the severe blockade of the Gaza Strip. However, it reopened in February 2022 in the presence of Palestinian Minister of Culture Atef Abu Saif and a number of writers and intellectuals after receiving support from around the world. It was rebuilt 100 meters from its previous location, and the opening was accompanied by posters reading “Like a phoenix from the ashes, we rise again”. The library returned with an area of 1000 square meters and 300,00 books

The library was severely damaged in the first weeks of the Israel–Hamas war. It contained more than 400,000 books before the bombing. The damage was filmed by Samir Mansour and posted to social media.
Room for Improvement

***Room for Improvement*** is the first mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake. _Room for Improvement_ was released on February 14, 2006.

During an interview with _thebiz_, Drake would reveal _Room for Improvement_ as the title of his mixtape. He would talk about working with producer DJ Smallz, who also worked with rappers such as Lil Wayne and Young Jeezy. Drake had created an entirely different album at first but it was never released because the computer that they were recording it on got a virus and crashed so they had lost all their work. When working on the mixtape somebody had broken into their studio but did not take anything. Drake would re-release the mixtape in 2008.

In 2018, a notebook that featured handwritten lyrics written for the album by Drake appeared up for auction. It features the songs "Special", "Do Me So Good", "Try Harder", "City Is Mine", "Do What You Do", "A Scorpio's Mind" and "Bad Meaning Good".

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Room for Improvement
- **type**: mixtape
- **artist**: Drake (musician), Drake
- **released**: February 14, 2006
- **recorded**: 2005–2006
- **genre**: Hip hop
- **length**: 65:36
- **label**: OVO Sound, All Things Fresh
- **producer**: * Boi-1da
* DJ Ra
* Frank Dukes
* DFS
* Amir
* Soundtrakk
- **next title**: Comeback Season (mixtape), Comeback Season
- **next year**: 2007
Nakba denial

**Nakba denial** is a form of historical denialism (saying that things that did happen didn't happen) about the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight and the things it caused, which Palestinians refer to collectively as the "Nakba" (). Underlying assumptions of Nakba denial mentioned by people who read and write a lot can include the denial of historically documented violence against Palestinians, the denial of a distinct Palestinian identity, the idea that Palestine was barren land, and the idea that Palestinians leaving their land was part of mutual transfers between Arabs and Jews justified by war.

### In Israel

In 2009 the Israeli government banned uses of the term "Nakba" in school textbooks and required the removal of existing textbooks that mentioned it. In 2011, Israel passed a law known colloquially as the "Nakba Law" that allowed the government to refuse to pay the bills for to people and organisations that commemorated "Israel's Independence Day or the day on which the state was established as a day of mourning", or that denied the existence of Israel as a "Jewish and democratic state". While the original bill proposed to make this a crime for individuals, the proposed legislation was amended to refuse to give government money to organizations instead. Yehouda Shenhav wrote in 2019 that the Nakba Law had the opposite of its intended effect, because it made more people talk about the Nakba.

### In Palestine

In May 2023, Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas issued a decree defining the Nakba as a "crime against humanity", and making its denial a criminal offense punishable by up to two years in jail. The legislation echoed developments in Israel, where lawmakers in the hardline 37th government had proposed outlawing the waving of Palestinian flags.

### In Germany

In March 2024, amid the Israel–Gaza war, Germany's Social Democratic Party and Christian Democratic Union Party issued a directive for the distribution of leaflets in high schools in Neukölln that dismissed the historical realities of the Nakba as "myth". By contrast, denial of the Holocaust in Germany is a very serious criminal offence.

## Other websites

- Denying the Nakba, 75 Years Later: A Democracy in Exile Roundtable. DAWN.
- Nakba Denial. Arab-American Institute.
- Israel denies the Nakba while perpetuating it. Al Jazeera.
- Five things the United States knew about the Nakba as it unfolded. Middle East Institute.
- Erasing the Nakba, Upholding Apartheid: Atrocity Denial in the U.S. Media. Institute of Palestine Studies.
Molidae

**Molidae** is a family of giant ray-finned fish that include the famous ocean sunfish and others. They are part of the order Tetraodontiformes.

## Description

The molas are different from other fishes. Instead, they have a large body looking like a giant fish head. They have the fewest vertebrae of any fish, with only 16 in _Mola mola_. Their skeleton is made of cartilage, much like a shark. They eat mushy animals like jellyfish and salps.

### Extant

- Genus _Masturus_ <small>Gill, 1884</small>
    - _Masturus lanceolatus_ <small>(Liénard, 1840</small> - sharptail mola
- Genus _Mola_ <small>Blyth, 1860</small>
    - _Mola mola_ <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> - ocean sunfish
    - _Mola alexandrini_ <small>Giglioli, 1883</small> - giant sunfish
    - _Mola tecta_ <small>Nyegaard et al., 2017</small> - hoodwinker sunfish
- Genus _Ranzania_ <small>Nardo, 1840</small>
    - _Ranzania laevis_ <small>Pennant, 1776</small> - slender sunfish

### Extinct

- _Eomola bimaxillaria_
- _Austromola angerhoferi_

## References

1. <small>Tyler, James C.; Bannikov, Alexandre F. (1992). "New genus of primitive ocean sunfish with separate premaxillae from the Eocene of Southwest Russia (Molidae, Tetraodontiformes)". _Copeia_. **1992** (4).</small>
1. <small>"World's heaviest bony fish identified and correctly named". _Springer.com_. Retrieved 1 March 2019.</small>
Mola (genus)

***Mola*** is a genus of sunfish in the family Molidae. These giants usually feed on jellyfish. The type species of this genus is the massive ocean sunfish. When there are parasites, molas will breach to knock them off.

## Species

The genus _Mola_ has 3 species:

- _Mola mola_ <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> (Ocean sunfish)
- _Mola alexandrini_ <small>Giglioli, 1883</small> (Giant sunfish)
- _Mola tecta_ <small>Nyegaard _et al_., 2017</small> (Hoodwinker sunfish)

## References

1. <small>Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". _Bulletins of American Paleontology_. **364**: 560. Archived from the original on 2011-12-07.</small>

## Other websites

- Data related to Mola (genus) on Wikidata
Comeback Season (mixtape)

***Comeback Season*** is the second mixtape by Canadian rapper Drake. _Comeback Season_ was released on September 1, 2007.

The mixtape include Drake when he was improving on his style of rapping and R&B music. The song "Bitch Is Crazy" would be the first song in which Drake would sing on. Songs on the album feature themes like love, failing relationships and life in the city of Toronto. The mixtape contains the single "Replacement Girl" with Trey Songz which was released on April 30, 2007. The video was the very first music video from a Canadian musician to appear on BET.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Comeback Season
- **type**: mixtape
- **artist**: Drake (musician), Drake
- **released**: September 1, 2007
- **recorded**: 2005–2006
- **genre**: * Hip hop
* Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **length**: 67:18
- **label**: OVO Sound, OVO
- **producer**: * Al Welsch
* Rich Kidd
* 40 (record producer), Noah "40" Shebib
* Nottz
* AmpLive
* Mike Tiger
* Terral "T. Slick"
* Boi-1da
* T-Minus (record producer), T-Minus
* Kanye West
* Exchange Student
* J Dilla
* Hazel
* Neenyo
* Jump
* Sid Roams
* DJ Revolution
* DJ Toomp
* 9th Wonder
* Robin Thicke
* Pro Jay
* Stargate (record producers), Stargate
- **prev title**: Room for Improvement
- **prev year**: 2006
- **next title**: So Far Gone (mixtape), So Far Gone
- **next year**: 2009