juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Communication protocol

In computing, a **communication protocol** refers to the set of rules that computers use to communicate with each other.  The protocol defines the signals that the computers will give each other, and other details such as how communication begins and/or ends.

- Types of Protocol
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), is used for accessing and receiving Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) files on the internet.
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS), is a more modern version of HTTP. it is also encrypted so other people can't read the data being sent

- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP),  is used for transferring e-mail between computers.
    - Post Office Protocol version 3 (**PoP3**) is the most common account type for personal e‑mail. Messages are typically deleted from the server when you check your e‑mail.
    - Internet Message Access Protocol (**IMAP**) is a protocol for e-mail retrieval and storage developed in 1986 at Stanford University as an alternative to POP.
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP), is used for showing files to be copied between devices.
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), ensures the delivery of information packets across networks.
- Internet Protocol (IP), is responsible for logical addressing called "IP address" to route information between networks.
- In computer networking, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link (layer 2) protocol used to establish a direct connection between two nodes.
- The packets and device protocol(TPADP) makes sure that the other protocols have a back up route.

## Related pages

- Computer network
- Internet protocol suite
- OSI model
- Application programming interface
Channel Tunnel

The **Channel Tunnel** (or **Chunnel**) (French: ***le tunnel sous la Manche***) is a long underwater tunnel between England and France that runs under the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. It is only for trains. Some of the trains in the Channel Tunnel carry freight, including automobiles. Others, like the Eurostar, carry only passengers.

The tunnel, which was once called the Eurotunnel, opened in 1994. It is 50 kilometres (31 miles) long and its deepest point is 75 metres (250 feet) beneath the surface. It connects Folkestone, Kent in the United Kingdom to Calais in northern France. This has reduced travel time between London and Paris to a little over two hours with high-speed trains.

## Other websites

- EuroTunnel.com
Katowice

**Katowice** (pronounce:  , also known as _Kattowitz_ in German) is a city in Poland. It is in the south of Poland in the historical region called Silesia on Kłodnica and Rawa river. It received city rights in 1865. Between 1953 and 1956 Katowice had the name Stalinogród - "Stalin City". It was given by the polish communists. There are about 315,123 people living there. The mayor of the city is Marcin Krupa. For a long period of time the city was ruled by Germans, as it was a part of Germany until 1918. There is a little airport called _Airport Muchowiec_. There are both modern and old buildings in Katowice. It was the center of the coal mining and metallurgy.

## Famous people from Katowice

- Hans Bellmer, surrealist photographer
- Henryk M. Broder, journalist
- Maria Goeppert-Mayer
- Kurt Goldstein, neurologist
- Richard Herrmann, German footballer
- Jerzy Kukuczka
- Kazimierz Kutz
- Franz Leopold Neumann
- Hans Sachs

## Twin towns

- Cologne (Germany)
- Groningen (Netherlands)
- Miskolc (Hungary)
- Mobile, Alabama (United States)
- Odense (Denmark)
- Ostrava (Czech Republic)
- Saint-Étienne (France)

## Other websites

- The Municipal Council of Katowice
- The Commercial Website of Katowice
- Katowice, Silesia
- A webcam view of Katowice
- Hotel in Katowice
- Tram in Katowice
Amazon

**Amazon** can be:
- one of the Amazons, a group of female warriors in Greek mythology
- The Amazon River, a big river in South America
- The Amazon Basin, the area drained out by the river
- The Amazon Rainforest, the forest surrounding the river
- Amazon (company), a big online store
Artemis

**Artemis** is the Greek goddess of the Moon, hunting, archery, virginity, wilderness, forests, animals, hills and midwifery. She is one of the members of the Twelve Olympians who ruled the world on top of Mount Olympus. She is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, older twin sister of Apollo. Her Roman equivalent is Diana.

Artemis is generally depicted as a beautiful huntress wearing a sleeveless tunic and carrying a bow and arrow. She is accompanied by a group of nymphs huntresses. Bow, arrow, quiver and knives serves as her symbols. Deers/stags is her sacred animal.

### Birth

Hera, who was Zeus's wife, discovered that Leto was pregnant and became very angry. She banned Leto from giving birth on any mainland or island known.

Leto found the island of Delos, which floated and so was not an island or mainland, and gave birth there. Hera then locked up the goddess of childbirth, Eilethyia, so she could not give birth to the twins. Then, all the other goddesses convinced her to let her free so she could finally give birth. Leto gave birth to Artemis without any problem. However she was in labor with Apollo for nine days. Artemis helped Leto to give birth to Apollo.

### Acteon

A mortal hunter named Acteon stumbled upon Artemis while she was bathing. Artemis discovered him and was enraged. She inflicted a punishment upon him for spying on her whilst she was bathing, by transforming him into a stag. She then sent his own hunting dogs to tear him apart.

### Hippolytos

Hippolytos, a companion and devotee of Artemis, was slain through the machinations of Aphrodite, as punishment for his scorning of love and neglecting her worship. Artemis avenged the death of Hippolytos by killing Aphrodite's favourite lover, Adonis. She later petitioned Asclepius to bring the boy back to life, and spirited him away to her sacred shrine in Aricia.

## Related pages

- Artume - Etruscan mythology version of Artemis.
- Diana - Roman mythology version of Artemis.
- Temple of Artemis

## Other websites

- Theoi Project, Artemis, information on Artemis from original Greek and Roman sources, images from classical art.
- Hymn To Artemis - The Virgin Goddess of the Hunt
- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890) (eds. G. E. Marindin, William Smith, LLD, William Wayte)
Nike (mythology)

**Nike** (Greek: Νίκη) is the goddess of victory in Greek mythology.  She was the daughter of Styx and Pallas and the sister of Cratos, Bia, and Zelus. Nike and her brothers and sister were all friends of Zeus. He had a sibling named Ella, Violet and Zoe

Nike could run very fast, had wings and brings good luck.  She is usually worshipped at the same time as Athena. Nike is often linked with sport, with companies named for her like Nike Inc. A picture of Nike also appears in all the medals for the Summer Olympics. Her Roman name is Victoria.

The most famous statue of Nike is the Winged Victory of Samothrace.  This is now in the Louvre, which is a museum in Paris, France. She is a symbol of victory displayed outside Olympic stadiums in Olympia and in other places where there are Olympics. She is believed to always be watching over sport stadiums ready to  choose the victor of the game.
Daphne

**Daphne** can mean:
- **Daphne**, a dryad in Greek mythology

## Art

- _Dafne_ is the name of an opera by Jacopo Peri (1597), no longer existent, and is considered to be the first opera ever composed.
- _Daphne_ is also the title of an opera by Richard Strauss based on the myth of the nymph Daphne.
- _Daphne Descends_ is a song on the Smashing Pumpkins' _Adore_ album.
- _Daphne_ is a song on several Django Reinhardt albums, such as _Djangology_.  The song was originally written in 1938.

## Sciences

- ***Daphne*** is also a genus of shrubs in the plant family Thymelaeaceae, noted for their scented flowers and poisonous berries.
- **41 Daphne** is the name of an asteroid.
- _DAΦNE_ is a nuclear physics experiment in Frascati, Italy.
- _DAPHNE_ is an emulator of Laserdisc Arcade Games.

## Geography

- Many cities and villages in Greece are named Dafni
- **Daphne** is the name of a city in the U.S. state of Alabama.

## Fiction

- _Daphne Blake_ is a character in the television cartoon _Scooby-Doo_.
- _Daphne Broon_ is a character in the Scottish cartoon strip _The Broons_.
- _Daphne Moon_ is a character in the Emmy Award Winning Show _Frasier_.
- _Daphne_ is the name of a tree that is important in finding Maia Mizuki's lost memories, in the anime _Daphne in the Brilliant Blue_ (2004)

## Other

- _SS Daphne_ was a ship which sank disastrously in 1883.
- "Daphne II" is a European Community program based on the decission 803/2004/CE from the European Parliament, to prevent and fight violence against women and children and protect the victims and risk groups; It states a common position and strategy from the representatives of the European citizenship.
Montagu Island

**Montagu Island** is the largest island of the South Sandwich Islands.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: Montagu Island
- **image name**: South sandwich islands.png
- **image caption**: South Sandwich Islands
- **image map**: SSI-Location.JPG
- **map caption**: Location of Montagu Island
- **location**: Atlantic Ocean
- **archipelago**: South Sandwich Islands
- **area km2**: 110
- **length km**: 12
- **width km**: 10
- **highest mount**: Mount Belinda
- **elevation m**: 1370
- **population**: Uninhabited
- **country**: United Kingdom
Styx

**Styx** is the goddess of the river Styx in Greek mythology, and was the only female river goddess. She was the daughter of Okeanos and Tethys, and with Pallas was also the mother of Zelus, Nike, Kratos, and Bia (and sometimes Eos). During the Titanomachy she sent the children to help Zeus. To reward her for helping the Olympians, Zeus did not throw her in Tartarus, but let her be the guardian of the river Styx. She is the wife of the ferryman, Charon, and the guardian of the river Coctylus, Archeon.
Groucho Marx

**Julius Henry Marx** or **Groucho Marx** (October 2, 1890 – August 19, 1977) was an American actor and comedian. He was best known for work with his siblings in The Marx Brothers and then later on his own. He was also best known for portraying a fast-talking "wise guy" with bushy eyebrows, glasses, rectangle moustache, and a cigar.
Gaia (disambiguation)

**Gaia** is the Greek goddess of the earth and worlds. In Roman mythology, her other name was Terra, the wife of Caelus. The planet Earth is named after this goddess.

Gaia is mother and wife of the god of the sky and heavens, Uranus. The children of Gaia and Uranus are Titans, Cyclopes, Hecatonchires. Kronos, the youngest Titan, castrated his father Uranus with a sickle. From Uranus's shedded blood which came from his genitals that was fused to him by himself was born Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty by fusing with Gaia's powers. Others of Uranus and Gaia's children from his shedded blood and her powers are Giants, Erinyes, Meliae.
Ge

**Ge** or **GE** may stand for:
- The letter G
    - Ge (Cyrillic) ( Г, г ), a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet
    - Ge with upturn ( Ґ, ґ ), a letter of the Ukrainian alphabet
- Germanium (Ge), a chemical element
- Genetic engineering
- Short name for Greek goddess Gaia
- General Electric, a large American company
- Georgia (country) by ISO code
- Ge people (or Je) - indigenous Brazilian tribes or the Ge languages associated with them
Gaya (disambiguation)

_See also: Gaia_

**Gaya** may refer to:

- Gaya Confederacy, an ancient Korean league of chiefdoms.
- Gaya, India, a city in Bihar state in India.
- Gaya District, India
- Gaya, Niger, a city in Niger.
- _Gaya (plant)_, a plant genus in the family Malvaceae.
Nyx

**Nyx** was the goddess of the night in Greek mythology. She came out of Chaos.

Her Roman equivalent was **Nox**.

## Hesiod's Theogony

In his theogony (How the gods came to be), Hesiod tells: _Night is born of Chaos; her offspring are many, and telling. With Erebus, Night gives birth to the following deities:_
- Aether ("atmosphere") and Hemera ("day").
Later, on her own, Night gives birth to
- Momus "blame"
- Ponos "toil"
- Moros "fate"
- Thanatos "death"
- Hypnos "sleep",
- the Oneiroi "the tribe of dreams"
- the Hesperides
- the Keres and Fates
- Nemesis "retribution"
- Apate "deception"
- Philotes "friendship"
- Geras "age",
- and Eris "strife".

In his description of Tartarus, Hesiod says further that Hemera "day", who is now Night's sister rather than daughter, left Tartarus just as Nyx entered it; when Hemera returned, Nyx left. This mirrors the portrayal of Ratri "night" in the Rig-Veda, where she works in close cooperation but also tension with her sister Ushas "dawn".

## Children

- Only hers:
    - Hypnos, the god of sleep.
    - Thanatos, the god of death.
    - Apate, the god of deception.
    - Eris, the god of strife.
    - Geras, the god of age.
    - Momus, the god of blame.
    - Moros, the god of fate.
    - Philotes, the god of friendship.
    - Ponus, the god of toil.
    - Reopus, the god of negativity

## Related pages

- Nox - Etruscan mythology version of Nyx.
Hemera

**Hemera** was the goddess of daylight in Greek mythology.  She was the daughter of Erebus and Nyx, and the sister of Moros, Charon, Keres and Nemesis.

Hyginus lists their children as Uranus, Gaia, and Thalassa (the primordial sea goddess), while Hesiod only lists Thalassa as their child.

Aether was her brother and consort. Hyginus listed Gaia, Thalassa and Ouranos as their children. In Hesiod's "Theogony", Hemera was only mother of Thalassa.

Hemera's mother was the goddess of the night and her father was the god of darkness. they were brother and sister and married and had kids Hemera was one of them.
Her grandmother was the goddess of air.
Aether

**Aether** was the God of light in Greek mythology. He was the son of Erebus and Nyx. Aether is one of the primordial deities, the first-born elementals.

Damascius says that Aether, Erebus and Chaos were siblings, and the offspring of Chronos (Father Time). According to Epiphanius, the world began as a cosmic egg, encircled by Time and Inevitability (most likely Chronos and Ananke) in serpent fashion. Together they constricted the egg, squeezing its matter with great force, until the world divided into two hemispheres. After that, the atoms sorted themselves out. The lighter and finer ones floated above and became the Bright Air (Aether and/or Ouranos) and the rarefied Wind (Chaos), while the heavier and dirtier atoms sank and became the Earth (Gaia) and the Ocean (Pontos and/or Oceanus). See also Plato's Myth of Er.
Keres (spirits)

The **Keres** are female death spirits in Greek mythology, and were the daughters of Erebus and Nyx.  They look very dark and have sharp teeth, claws and like the taste of blood.  The Keres look around battlefields for hurt people and people who are dying.
Eris (goddess)

**Eris** (, "Strife") is the goddess of strife and discord in Greek mythology. She is the daughter of Nyx, but has no father. She is the opposite of Harmonia, who is the goddess of harmony.

The Romans called her _Discordia_. In Roman statues of Discordia, and in other Roman art of her, she looks scary and ugly, and she is holding a knife. There are a few myths about this goddess, such as the one involving the golden apple.

## Discordians

Nowadays, there are some people who call themselves _Discordians_. This idea comes from a book called _Principia Discordia_, which was written by Greg Hill and Kerry Thornley in San Francisco in the year 1958 or 1959. The book says that Eris might not have been scary and ugly after all, but that she was just misunderstood.

The _Principia Discordia_ describes the Discordian Society and its Goddess Eris, as well as the basics of Discordianism.
Geras

**Geras** is the god of age in Greek mythology.  His mother is Nyx, but he has no father.
Hypnos

**Hypnos** is the god of sleep in Greek mythology. He is the son of Nyx and the twin brother of Thanatos, the god of death.

His sons are the Oneroi: Morpheus, Phobetor and Phantasos.

His Roman equivalent was _Somnus_. Hypnos was represented as a gentle young man, usually with wings attached to his temples or shoulders.
Momus

**Momus** is the god of blame, Mockery, criticism and satire in Greek mythology.  His mother is Nyx, but he has no father. He was kicked out of Olympus after criticizing Zeus, Aphrodite, Poseidon and Athena.
Moros

**Moros** is the personification of doom in Greek mythology. He was the child of Nyx and brother to Thanatos. It is believed that he decided the destiny of each mortal.
Metis

**Metis** is the goddess of wisdom in Greek mythology. She is one of the Titans and is the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. She was the mother of Athena.

There is also a moon named after Metis.

When she was inside Zeus, Metis made a helmet and a robe for her baby. The hammering noise caused Zeus to have a headache. To try and help Zeus with the pain, Prometheus, Hephaestus, Hermes, or Palaemon (depending on the myth) cut his head open with a Minoan axe.  Athena then came out of Zeus's head. She was fully grown and had her armour on.

## Related pages

- Athena
- 9 Metis
Eos

**Eos** (Ionic and Homeric Greek: Ἠώς, _Ēōs_; Attic: Ἕως, _Éōs_; Aeolic: Αὔως, _Aúōs_; Doric: Ἀώς, _Āṓs_) is the goddess of the dawn in Greek mythology. She was the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. She is the sister of Helios, god of the sun, and Selene, goddess of the moon.

## Myth

Eos leaves her home, which was at the edge of ocean, every morning to wake her brother, Helios. She opens the gates of heaven so that Helios can ride his chariot across the sky each day.

## Related pages

- Aurora - Roman mythology version of Eos.
- Thesan - Etruscan mythology version of Eos.
Leto

**Leto** is a goddess in Greek mythology.  She was the daughter of Coeus and Phoebe, who were Titans. Leto was the mother of the twins Artemis and Apollo, whose father was Zeus.

After the twins were born, Leto played very little part in Greek mythology. She is the goddess of motherhood and one of Zeus' many wives.

## Birth of Artemis and Apollo

Hera, who was Zeus's wife, discovered that Leto was pregnant and became very angry.  She banned Leto from giving birth on any mainland or island known.

Leto found the island of Delos, which floated and so was not an island nor mainland, and gave birth there. Leto gave birth to Artemis without any problem.  However she was in labour with Apollo for nine days and nine nights.  Artemis helped Leto to give birth to Apollo.

## Related pages

- Latona Fountain
30s

The **30s** decade ran from 1 January 30 to 31 December 39.

## Events

- circa 33 – Jesus is crucified, and according to Christianity, resurrects from the dead.
Christopher Eccleston

**Christopher Eccleston** (born 16 February 1964) is an English actor. He played the Ninth Doctor on _Doctor Who_ in 2005. Before playing the doctor, he played the Son of God in _The Second Coming_. He has acted in movies, such as _Let Him Have It_, _Shallow Grave_, and _Gone in 60 Seconds_.

Eccleston is an atheist.

## Other websites

- Fan site

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Christopher Eccleston
- **image**: Christopher Eccleston Thor 2 cropped.png
- **birth place**: Salford, Lancashire, England
- **height**: 6' (1.83 m)
- **television**: Ninth Doctor, The Doctor (_Doctor Who_)
Nicky Hutchinson (_Our Friends in the North_)
Jude Fawley (_Jude (movie), Jude_)
DCI David Bilborough (_Cracker (UK TV series), Cracker_)
Claude (Heroes), Claude (_Heroes (TV series), Heroes_)
Deliverance

***Deliverance*** is a 1972 American adventure thriller drama movie made by Warner Bros. It was directed by John Boorman and stars Burt Reynolds, Ronny Cox, Ned Beatty and Jon Voight. It was based on a book written in 1970 by James Dickey, who also wrote the screenplay and had a small part in the movie. It is set in rural northern Georgia. Four men from Atlanta take a trip in a canoe. One of them is raped by sadistic local men who force one of the other men to watch; the four take revenge on their attackers and swear each other to secrecy.

_Deliverance_ got good reviews from critics and is widely considered one of the best films of 1972.

In 2008, Deliverance was selected by the Library of Congress into the United States National Film Registry.

## Awards and nominations

Nominated for:

- Academy Award for Best Picture
- Academy Award for Directing – John Boorman
- Academy Award for Film Editing – Tom Priestley
- New York Film Critics Circle for Best Film and Best Director
- Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama
- Golden Globe Award for Best Director – Motion Picture – John Boorman
- Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama – Jon Voight
- Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song – Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, Eric Weissberg and Steve Mandel
- Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay – James Dickey

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Deliverance
- **director**: John Boorman
- **producer**: John Boorman
- **writer**: **Deliverance (novel), Novel:**
James Dickey
**Screenplay:**
James Dickey
- **starring**: Jon Voight
Burt Reynolds
Ned Beatty
Ronny Cox
James Dickey
- **cinematography**: Vilmos Zsigmond
- **editing**: Tom Priestley
- **distributor**: Warner Bros.
- **released**: July 30, 1972
- **runtime**: 109 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $2 million
- **gross**: $46,122,355
The Adventures of Robin Hood

***The Adventures of Robin Hood*** is a 1938 swashbuckler movie. It was directed by Michael Curtiz and William Keighley. It was shot in Technicolor.  The movie stars Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone, and Claude Rains. The story is based on the traditional tales of Robin Hood. It is the third of eight movies Flynn and De Havilland made together. The movie won three minor Academy Awards. In 1995, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.
Speed (1994 movie)

***Speed*** is a 1994 American action-thriller movie set in Los Angeles, California. It stars Keanu Reeves, Sandra Bullock, Jeff Daniels, Alan Ruck, and Dennis Hopper with Joe Morton. It is about a police officer (Reeves) who has to stop a extortionist (Hopper), who has put a bomb on a city bus. The movie was a box office success in many countries.

It was followed by a 1997 sequel, _Speed 2: Cruise Control_.
Ares

Ares is a god in Greek mythology. He is the god of savage war, and represents the untamed, wild aspects of conflict. He is one of the Twelve Olympians. His parents are Zeus and Hera. He had a twin sister called Eris. Neither parent liked him. He is considered murderous and bloody. In the Trojan War, he fought on the side of the Trojans. He had six children with Aphrodite. His homeland is Thrace.

## Etymology

Ares' name is believed to be derived from the Greek word ἀρήσ (_arē_), the Ionic form of the Doric ἀρά (_ara_), which translates to "bane" or "ruin".

## Related pages

- Maris - Etruscan mythology version of Ares
- Tyr - Norse mythology version of Ares
- Mars - Roman mythology version of Ares

## Other websites

- Theoi Project, Ares information on Ares from classical literature, images from Greek and Roman art.
- Greek Mythology Link, Ares  summary of Ares in myth

## Infobox (deity)

- **type**: Greek
- **name**: Ares
- **image**: Ares Canope Villa Adriana b.jpg
- **caption**: Statue of Ares from Hadrian's Villa
- **god of**: God of war
- **abode**: Mount Olympus, Thrace, Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Macedonia, Thebes, Greece, Thebes, Sparta & Mani Peninsula, Mani
- **symbols**: Sword, spear, shield, helmet, chariot, flaming torch, dog, boar, vulture
- **consort**: Aphrodite and Ares#List of Ares's consorts and children, various others
- **parents**: Zeus and Hera
- **siblings**: Aeacus, Angelos (Greek mythology), Angelos, Aphrodite, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Dionysus, Eileithyia, Enyo, Eris (mythology), Eris, Ersa, Hebe (mythology), Hebe, Helen of Troy, Hephaestus, Heracles, Hermes, Minos, Pandia, Persephone, Perseus, Rhadamanthus, the Graces, the Horae, the Litae, the Muses, the Moirai
- **children**: Erotes (mythology), Erotes (Eros and Anteros), Phobos (mythology), Phobos, Deimos (mythology), Deimos, Phlegyas, Harmonia (mythology), Harmonia, Enyalios, Thrax (mythology), Thrax, Oenomaus, Amazons and Adrestia
- **roman equivalent**: Mars (mythology), Mars
- **hinduism equivalent**: Kartikeya
- **norse equivalent**: Týr
Anna Kavan

**Anna Kavan** (born **Helen Emily Woods**; 10 April 1901 – 5 December 1968) was an English writer.

Kavan wrote stories before using the name Anna Kavan. During this time, she wrote six novels. They are very different from her other novels. When she changed her pen name, she started writing experimental novels. This change focused on dreams and addiction.

_I Am Lazarus_ is a collection of short stories. The stories are about mental illness and war-related post traumatic stress disorder.

Kavan travelled a lot during the Second World War. She was in New Zealand for 22 months. Because New Zealand is close to Antarctica, she was inspired to write _Ice_.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Anna Kavan
- **image**: Anna Kavan.jpg
- **alt**: An abstract head and shoulders painting
- **caption**: Self-portrait from the 1950s
- **birth name**: Helen Emily Woods
- **birth place**: Cannes, France
- **death place**: London, England
- **nationality**: British
- **children**: 2
- **notableworks**: _Ice (Kavan novel), Ice_
Mercury (mythology)

**Mercury** (Latin: _Mercurius_) is the god of trade, commerce, financial gain, messages/communication, travellers and boundaries, trickery, merchants and thieves in Ancient Roman religion and myth. Son of Jupiter and Maia, Mercury was a major god in Roman state religion, being a member of the Dii Consentes, the principal group of ancient Roman deities. The Roman counterpart to Hermes, the god is depicted as holding a caduceus in his left hand. The planet Mercury and the element Mercury are named after him.

## Related pages

- Turms - Etruscan mythology version of Mercury.
- Hermes - Greek mythology version of Mercury.
Lilo & Stitch: The Series

***Lilo & Stitch: The Series*** is a Disney Channel animated television series based on the 2002 movie, _Lilo & Stitch_. It follows _Stitch! The Movie_, which was a pilot to the series. As with the first movie, it stars Daveigh Chase as Lilo Pelekai and Chris Sanders as her alien friend Stitch. In the show, they try to find Stitch's alien cousins and the job each cousin is perfect for.

## Characters

- **626/Stitch** (voiced by Chris Sanders)
- **Lilo Pelekai** (voiced by Daveigh Chase)
- **Dr. Jumba Jookiba** (voiced by David Ogden Stiers)
- **Agent Wendy Pleakley** (voiced by Kevin McDonald)
- **Nani Pelekai** (voiced by Tia Carrere) Lilo's older sister.
- **Captain Gantu** (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson)
- **625/Reuben** (voiced by Rob Paulsen)
- **Dr. Jacques von Hämsterviel** (voiced by Jeff Bennett)
- **Mertle Edmonds** (voiced by Liliana Mumy)
- **624/Angel** (voiced by Tara Strong)

## Other websites

- Disney Channel site
- TV.com entry

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **creator**: Chris Sanders
- **starring**: Daveigh Chase
Jeff Bennett
Tia Carrere
Dee Bradley Baker
Jillian Henry
Tress MacNeille
Kevin McDonald
Liliana Mumy
Rob Paulsen
Kevin Michael Richardson
 Chris Sanders
David Ogden Stiers
- **country**: United States
- **network**: American Broadcasting Company, ABC
Disney Channel
Toon Disney
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 2
- **num episodes**: 65
Olga Bondarenko

**Olga Bondarenko** (maiden name Krentser, born 2 June 1960 in Slavgorod, Altai Krai, Russia) is a long-distance runner. Running for the U.S.S.R., she won the 10,000 metre race at the 1988 Summer Olympics, and the 3,000 metre race at the 1986 European Championships. Earlier she had set a world record for the 10,000 m event, at 31 minutes, 13.78 seconds, in Kiev in 1984. Her first world-class gold medal was a first-place finish in the 5,000 m race at the 1986 Goodwill Games in Moscow. She competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics.

## References

- Olga Bondarenko at sporting-heroes.net
- Olga Bondarenko-Krentser
Tyche (planet)

**Tyche** is the nickname given to a possible gas giant planet in the  Solar System's Oort cloud. It is one of several proposed planets beyond Neptune. Tyche was first proposed in 1999 by astronomer John Matese of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.

Matese and Daniel Whitmire say that the points of origin for long-period comets gives a pattern that suggests Tyche's existence. They noted that Tyche, if it exists, should be seen in the archive of data that was collected by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) Infrared telescope. However, several astronomers disagree that Tyche exists. In 2014 NASA announced that WISE had not found such a planet.

Tyche is in the Nickelodeon TV show The Fairly OddParents. It is also called "Yugopotamia" and is where the character Mark Chang is from.
Fortuna (mythology)

**Fortuna** was the goddess of fortune, luck and fate in Roman mythology. Fortuna could bestow good or bad luck onto people. She was sometimes represented veiled and blind. She was a daughter of Jupiter and like him, she could also be bountiful and generous to everybody.

## Related pages

- Tyche - Greek mythology version of Fortuna
- The Wheel of Fortune
Demeter

**Demeter** (Attic Greek: Δημήτηρ, _Dēmḗtēr_; Doric: Δαμάτηρ, _Dāmā́tēr_) is the goddess of the harvest and agriculture in ancient Greek religion and myth, one of the Twelve Olympians. The elder sister of Zeus, Demeter presided over grains and the fertility of the earth. She served as the patron goddess of farmers, and was believed to have taught men how to reap and cultivate the harvest. By Zeus, she is the mother of Persephone, the wife of Hades and queen of the underworld. Both she and Persephone were central figures of the Eleusinian Mysteries, a series of festivals held in honor of the two goddesses in the region of Attica. Her symbols were the scythe, cornucopia, wheat, bread and harvest grains, and the pig and snake were her sacred animals. Her Roman equivalent is Ceres.

In Greek Mythology, Demeter's daughter Persephone was kidnapped by Hades, and made her bride. Demeter grieved the loss of her daughter, bringing on a long famine. Eventually an accord was met by which Persephone would spend part of the year underground, and the rest above ground with her mother. This cycle is the Mythological explanation for the seasons.

## Related pages

- Ceres - Roman version of Demeter

## Infobox (deity)

- **type**: Greek
- **name**: Demeter
- **other names**: Sito, Thesmophoros
- **god of**: Goddess of agriculture, harvest, fertility, seasons and sacred law.
- **image**: Demeter Altemps Inv8546.jpg
- **caption**: A marble statue of Demeter, National Roman Museum
- **abode**: Mount Olympus
- **symbol**: Cornucopia, wheat, torch, bread
- **consort**: Iasion, Zeus, Carmanor (deity), Carmanor, Poseidon
- **parents**: Cronus and Rhea (mythology), Rhea
- **siblings**: Hestia, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Zeus, Chiron
- **children**: Persephone, Despoina, Arion (mythology), Arion, Plutus, Philomelus, Eubuleus, Chrysothemis
- **festivals**: Thesmophoria, Eleusinian Mysteries
- **roman equivalent**: Ceres (mythology), Ceres
- **equivalent1 type**: Meitei
- **equivalent1**: Phouoibi
Ceres

In Roman religion and myth, **Ceres** (Latin: _Cerēs_) is the goddess of agriculture, especially the growing of grains and cereals, fertility and motherly relationships. The Roman equivalent of Demeter. Ceres was an important deity of the Plebeian or Aventine Triad. She was the mother of Proserpine. Her daughter was married to Pluto, the god of the underworld. At Roman weddings, a boy carried the torch of Ceres to light the way to happiness of the couple. The dwarf planet Ceres is named after her.

Ceres found out the spelt wheat (Latin far), the yoking of oxen and ploughing, the sowing, protection and the young seed, the gift of agriculture to human beings. Before this, man were going here and there without houses or rules. She had the power to fertilize, multiply and make plants bear fruit and animals produce seed. Her rules protected all the activities of the agricultural cycle. In January, Ceres (alongside the earth-goddess Tellus) was offered spelt wheat and a pregnant sow. It was done at the movable Feriae Sementivae. This was almost done before the annual sowing of grain. The divine part of sacrifice was the entrails (exta) put in a clay pot (olla). In villages, Cato the Elder describes the offer to Ceres of a porca praecidanea (a pig, offered before harvesting). Before the harvest, she was offered some grains (praemetium). Ovid tells that Ceres "is content with little, provided that her offerings are casta" (pure).

Ceres' main festival is Cerealia. It was celebrated from middle to late April. It was organised by her plebeian aediles. It included circus games (ludi circenses). It opened with a horse-race in the Circus Maximus. Its starting point was below and opposite to her Aventine Temple. Its turning post was at the far end of the Circus. It was holy to Consus, a god of grain-storage. After the race, foxes were released into the Circus. Their tails were burned with torches. It was done to clean the growing crop plants and protect them from disease. It is also to add warmness and strength to their growth.

## Rules

Ceres protected plebeian laws, rights and rules. Her Aventine Temple was the plebeian worship place, law place, treasure place and also law-court. Its foundation was almost at the same time with the passage of the Lex Sacrata. During that time, Lex Sacrata made the office and representatives of the Roman people. Tribunes were legally unable to do anything to capture or threaten the lives and wealth of those who broke the rules of Ceres.

## Related pages

- Demeter - Greek mythology version of Ceres
Roman mythology

**Roman mythology** is a huge collection of stories, started in Ancient Rome, about the beginning of the world, and the lives and adventures the many Roman gods, goddesses, and heros.  Each god, each goddess had a cult to take care of their temple<nowiki/>s or other holy places.

The myths of the Ancient Romans are often called **Greco-Roman**. Originally, they were similar to the Ancient Greek mythology, and later the Romans added Greek stories for their Roman gods, so they became even more similar.

The gods and goddesses in these stories have many different magic powers.  They can make themselves invisible to humans and move to any place in a very short time. They can change people into animals or animals into people. They have no disease and can only be hurt by very unusual causes. This is called being immortal; they can never die.

## Related pages

- Paganism
- Roman Empire
- Metamorphoses
- Classical antiquity
- List of Roman gods and goddesses
Lists of deities

This is a list of deities in different polytheistic religions, cultures and mythologies of the world.

## Lists

- Ancient Egyptian deities
- Mesopotamian deities
- Ancient Greek deities
- Ancient Meitei deities
- Ancient Roman deities
- Norse deities
- Hindu deities
    - Hindu gods
    - Devi
- Japanese deities

## Comparison

This list includes Etruscan, Greek, Roman, Norse and Meitei versions of similar gods and goddesses. The table is ordered by the Greek god's name.

|Greek Version|Roman Version|Etruscan Version|Norse Version|Meitei Version|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Adonis|Adonis|Atunis|Óðr|God Of Bar|
|Amphitrite|Salacia|Leinth|Rán|Ereima, Thumleima and Ngaleima|
|Aphrodite|Venus|Turan|Freyja|Panthoibi|
|Apollo|Apollo|Aplu|Baldur|Korouhanba|
|Ares|Mars|Laran|Tyr|Marjing|
|Artemis|Diana|Artume|Skadi|Thaa Leima|
|Athena|Minerva|Menrva|Snotra, Sága|Panthoibi|
|Bia|Vis||||
|Chloris|Flora||||
|Demeter|Ceres||Sif|Phouoibi|
|Dionysus|Bacchus|Fufluns||Phou Ningthou|
|Eos|Aurora|Thesan|||
|Eros|Cupid||||
|geras|senectus||||
|Hades|Pluto|Aita|Hel|Thongalel|
|Harmonia|Concordia||||
|Hebe|Juventas||Idunn||
|Hecate|Trivia|||Lainaotabi|
|Hephaestus|Vulcan|Sethlans||Pishatao and Khamlangba|
|Hera|Juno|Uni|Frigga|Leimarel Sidabi and Tampha Lairembi|
|Hermes|Mercury|Turms|Hermod|Sanamahi|
|Hestia|Vesta|||Emoinu and Yumjao Leima|
|Hypnos|Somnus|||Khuman Apokpa|
|Iris|Arcus|||Nongdol Leima|
|Nemesis|Nemesis||||
|Nike|Victoria|||Nongpok Leima|
|Pan|Faunus||Freyr||
|Poseidon|Neptune|Nethuns|Njörd|Wangbren and Irai Ningthou|
|Persephone|Proserpina||Ēostre|Laikhurembi|
|Selene|Luna|Lusna|Máni|Thaleima|
|Tyche|Fortuna|**Nurtia**||Lan Leima|
|Zeus|Jupiter|Tinia|Odin|Salailen|

## Related pages

- Demigod
- Divinity
Andrzej Sapkowski

**Andrzej Sapkowski** (born June 21, 1948 in Łódź) is a Polish fantasy writer. His best known work is The Witcher (_Wiedźmin_) Saga (takes place in a fictional universe). Before starting his career in the late 1980s, he worked in foreign trade.
Staten Island

**Staten Island** is one of the boroughs of New York City. Fewer than half a million people live there, the smallest population of any of the five boroughs. Three bridges connect Staten Island to New Jersey, and the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge connects to Brooklyn. A passenger railroad runs along the south shore to the northeast end of the island, which is called Saint George. The borough has the same boundaries as the county **Richmond County**.

The free Staten Island Ferry carries 21 million passengers each year the five miles (eight km) across New York Harbor between Saint George and Manhattan. Nine ferry boats provide the service which began in 1817.

When England took control of New Netherland in the Second Anglo-Dutch War in the 17th century and split it into New York and New Jersey, Staten Island became part of New York.

## Other websites

- Staten Island Live
- Staten Island -Citizendium

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Staten Island
- **other name**: Richmond County, New York
- **nickname**: "The Forgotten Borough"
- **settlement type**: Borough (New York City), Borough of New York City and County
- **image skyline**: USS Leyte Gulf (CG 55) under the Verrazano Narrows Bridge.jpg
- **image caption**: The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, looking toward Staten Island from Brooklyn
- **flag size**: 120px
- **image map**: New York City location Staten Island.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Staten Island, shown in red, in New York City
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name2**: Richmond <small>(coextensive)</small>
- **subdivision type3**: City
- **subdivision name3**: New York City
- **seat type**: County seat, Seat
- **government type**: Borough (New York City)
- **leader title**: Borough president
- **leader name**: Vito Fossella (Republican Party (United States), R)
— _(Borough of Staten Island)_
- **leader title1**: District Attorney
- **leader name1**: Michael McMahon (Democratic Party (United States), D)
— _(Richmond County)_
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1661
- **named for**: Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond (Richmond County)
- **unit pref**: imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 102.9
- **area land sq mi**: 57.5
- **area water sq mi**: 45.3
- **area total km2**: 266.4
- **area land km2**: 149.0
- **area water km2**: 117.4
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 495,747
- **population density sq mi**: 8618
- **population density km2**: 3328
- **population blank1 title**: Demonym
- **population blank1**: Staten Islander
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Time Zone, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: ZIP code format
- **postal code**: 103xx
- **area code**: 718, 347, 929, 917
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
Borough

A **borough** is an administrative division in many countries.  It is a kind of local government.

The term borough can means a self-governing township.

In medieval times, boroughs were settlements with some self-government. Boroughs were particularly common in England, Germany and Scotland. In medieval England, boroughs had also the right to elect members of parliament. (_The Borough_ in Southwark, London is thought to have been the original 'borough' of which all others come from.)

Usually a borough is a single town with its own local government.
But in some cities it is a sub-division of the city (e.g. London, New York City, Toronto, Montreal). In such cases the borough will normally have either limited powers delegated to it by the city's local government or no powers at all. For example London has no overall city government and London boroughs are instead part of the county of Greater London as the main unit of local government for Londoners.

In other places, such as Alaska, a borough does not mean a single township, but a whole region - in other words, it is similar to a county.  In Australia borough can mean a town and its surrounding area, e.g. the Borough of Queenscliffe.  Boroughs exist in United Kingdom, more specifically in England and Northern Ireland, in the Canadian province of Quebec, in several U.S. states, in Israel, and formerly they also existed in New Zealand.

At the end of a word, -borough (or -brough) is found in the name of many towns and cities in England; in southern England it is usually spelt -bury.  The suffix -bury is also used in the New England region of the United States, while -burg (or -burgh) is more common in Scotland and the American South and West.
Echo (mythology)

**Echo** was a nymph in Greek mythology, and an Oread (a mountain nymph).  She was very beautiful, but loved her own voice.

## Hera

According to _Ovid_, Echo once had the job of distracting Hera from Zeus having relationships with other women. She did this by leading Hera away and flattering her. When Hera found out she was very angry with Echo. She put a curse on her that meant that she could only speak the last words of other people after she had heard them. It is due to this story that we get the meaning behind the word _echo_.

## Narcissus

After she was cursed, Echo fell in love with Narcissus.  Narcissus was very handsome and anybody who saw him always fell in love with him.  However, Narcissus had no heart and could not fall in love with anybody.  Echo could not speak to Narcissus but wanted to be able to see him.  She therefore followed him everywhere, but made sure that he could not see her.

Narcissus got lost and called out "_Is anyone here?_".  Echo said back "_Here, here, here._"  Narcissus then asked Echo to come out of her hiding place.  Echo did so and then told Narcissus that she loved him by hand movements. Narcissus, who was angry that so many people loved him, told Echo that he did not love her.

Echo was very upset and prayed to Aphrodite for death.  Aphrodite granted Echo's wish, but she liked Echo's voice so much she kept it alive.

Narcissus also rejected Echo and broke her heart. She then went and haunted valleys and mountainous areas where echoes are able to be heard in all hollow places of the earth.

## Pan

This is a different story about Echo's death.  Echo was a talented dancer and singer, but did not like the love of any man.  This caused another god, called Pan, to become angry.  He had Echo killed and split into pieces.  These pieces were spread about the world, but were collected up by Gaia.  Echo's voice was not collected, so it remains all over the world and still says the last words that other people have said.  In some versions of the story, Echo and Pan have a child who was called Iambe.
Helios

**Helios** (, _Hēlios_; Ἠέλιος in Homeric Greek) is the god of the Sun in Greek mythology. He is often thought to be the personification of the Sun itself. He is the son of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. He is the brother of Selene, goddess of the Moon, and Eos, goddess of the dawn. During the Hellenistic period, particularly the 3rd Century BCE, he became more and more identified with Apollo, the god of light, music and prophecy. Helios' equivalent in Roman mythology was Sol.
Bia

**Bia** is the goddess of force in Greek mythology. She is the daughter of Styx and Pallas, and also the sister of Nike, Cratos, and Zelus.  She and her brothers and sister were the friends of Zeus and were always with him.
Zelus

**Zelus** (, _zeal_) is the god of dedication and emulation in Greek mythology. He is the son of Styx and Pallas, and also the brother of Nike, Cratos, and Bia. He and his brothers and sister were the friends of Zeus and were always with him. He was a constant companion of Zeus and personified zeal.

## Other websites

- Theoi Project, a site exploring Greek mythology and the gods in classical literature and art
Mnemosyne

**Mnemosyne** is the Titan of memory in Greek mythology. Her parents are Gaia and Uranos. With Zeus her children are the nine Muses. Her patron symbol is a mask and she is often seen wearing one. Her patron animal is the partridge.
Harmonia

**Harmonia** (; ) is the goddess of peace, agreement and harmony in Greek mythology. She is the daughter of Ares and Aphrodite. She is the opposite of Eris, goddess of disagreement. Her Roman equivalent is Concordia.

## Origins

Harmonia is the daughter of Ares and Aphrodite. Her children are Ino, Polydorus, Autonoe, Agaue and Semele with Kadmos. As goddess of peace, she is the opposite of Eris, the goddess of disagreement.

## About

Harmonia met Cadmus on a journey to Samothrace. He took her away with the help of Athena. When Cadmus wanted to leave Thebes, Harmonia followed him. When they came to the Enchelii, they helped them in their war against the Illyrians. They won over the enemy. Cadmus then became king of the Illyrians. But unfortunately, later he was turned into a snake. Harmonia was sad. She coloured herself with stripes. She asked Cadmus to come to her. As she was hugged by the snake Cadmus in wine, the gods then turned her into a snake. She was unable to stand in her snake form.

## Story

Harmonia is known for a dangerous necklace she had on her wedding day. When Athena made Cadmus the king of Thebes, Zeus gave him Harmonia. All the gods attended the wedding. Cadmus gave the bride with a cloth and the necklace. The necklace was made by Hephaestus. This necklace is commonly known as the necklace of Harmonia. It brought misfortune to all who had it. Other stories said that Harmonia took this necklace (ὅρμος) from some of the gods. It might be either from Aphrodite or Athena.

Polynices took the necklace. They gave it to Eriphyle. She asked her husband, Amphiaraus, to attack against Thebes. Through Alcmaeon, the son of Eriphyle, the necklace came into the hands of Arsinoe (named Alphesiboea in some stories). Then, the sons of Phegeus, Pronous and Agenor, took it. Lastly, the sons of Alcmaeon, Amphoterus and Acarnan, kept it in the temple of Athena Pronoea at Delphi. The necklace had brought bad luck to all who had took it. It continued to do so even after it was kept at Delphi. Phayllus stole it from the temple to make his lover happy. His lover was the wife of Ariston. She wore it for a time. Then, her youngest son became mad. He set fire to the house. In the fire, she died and all her treasures were burned.

Hyginus has another story. According to him, the thing which brought bad luck to the children of Harmonia is not a necklace. But it is a cloth given to Harmonia by Hepheastus and Hera. The necklace gave peace and had Harmonia's powers in it.

## Related pages

- Eris - the goddess of disagreement and the opposite god of Harmonia in Greek mythology