juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Municipal association (Germany)

**Municipal associations** () are statutory corporations or public bodies created by statute in the German federal states of Bavaria, Saxony, Thuringia, and Schleswig-Holstein. In Baden-Württemberg the term _stipulated municipal association_ () is used.

## Structure

A municipal association normally consists of several adjoining municipalities in the same district. It is controlled by a political representative, chairperson or executive board. Depending on the state, this person may be officially continue or appointed as mayor.
- In Baden-Württemberg this position is held by the mayor of the appropriate fulfilling municipality ().
- In Thuringia there are municipal associations as well as fulfilling municipalities.
- In Bavaria one mayor of a single municipality also acts as municipal chairman () of the association.

## Tasks

The duties of a municipal association usually involve
- Setting up land use plans
- Sewage disposal
- Payment transactions
- Cemetery matters
- Fire brigade provision

## List

|State|Designation (German)|Category|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Baden-Württemberg|vereinbarte Verwaltungsgemeinschaft||
|Baden-Württemberg|Gemeindeverwaltungsverband||
|Bavaria|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft|:Category:Verwaltungsgemeinschaften in Bavaria|
|Rhineland-Palatinate|Verbandsgemeinde|:Category:Verbandsgemeinde in Rhineland-Palatinate|
|Saxony-Anhalt|Verbandsgemeinde|:Category:Verbandsgemeinden in Saxony-Anhalt|
|Saxony-Anhalt|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft|:Category:Verwaltungsgemeinschaften in Saxony-Anhalt|
|Thuringia|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft|:Category:Verwaltungsgemeinschaften in Thuringia|

## Related pages

- Amt (country subdivision)
- Municipalities of Germany
- Samtgemeinde
- Verbandsgemeinde
- Municipal associations in Thuringia
Daniel Hadad

**Gerardo Daniel Hadad** (Born, November 28, 1961) is an Argentine media businessman, journalist and lawyer.

## Biography

Lawyer and journalist from the Argentine Catholic University (UCA), he continued his postgraduate studies at the University of Navarra in Spain.

In 2002 he founded Infobae. of great impact for audiences and the media market, it would be one of the fastest growing websites.  Currently it is one of the largest journalistic companies in Latin America, with editions for Argentina, Mexico, Colombia and Latin America, making it one of the most widely read journalistic sites in Spanish in the world.

In 2019 he was declared by the Buenos Aires Legislature, Illustrious Citizen of the City of Buenos Aires. He was also recognized for his career by the University of Buenos Aires.

He is married to Viviana Zocco and has four children.

## Infobox (person)

- **caption**: Daniel Hadad
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **nationality**: Argentina, Argentine
- **spouse**: Viviana Zocco
- **occupation**: Businessman, lawyer and journalist
Faith Ringgold

**Faith Ringgold** (born **Faith Willi Jones**; October 8, 1930 – April 13, 2024) was an American painter, writer, mixed media sculptor, and performance artist, best known for her narrative quilts. She was born in New York City.

Ringgold died at her home in Englewood, New Jersey, on April 13, 2024, at age 93.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Faith Ringgold
- **image**: Faith Ringgold, April 2017-2.jpg
- **caption**: Ringgold in 2017
- **birth name**: Faith Willi Jones
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **death place**: Englewood, New Jersey, U.S.
- **field**: Painting
Textile arts
Children's Books
- **training**: City College of New York
- **movement**: Feminist art movement in the United States, Feminist art movement, Civil rights
- **works**: _The American People Series 18: The Flag is Bleeding, The American People Series #18: The Flag is Bleeding_ (1967)
_The American People Series 20: Die, The American People Series #20: Die_ (1967)
_Who's Afraid of Aunt Jemima?_ (1983)
_Tar Beach_ (1991)
_The French Collection_ (1991–1997)
_The American Collection (Ringgold), The American Collection_ (1997)
- **awards**: 2009 Peace Corps Award
Karen Donaldson

**Karen Donaldson** (1947 - October 28, 2005) was an American Paralympic swimmer. She competed at the 1972 Summer Paralympics, 1976 Summer Paralympics, and 1980 Summer Paralympics, winning a gold medal in Women's 25 metres Backstroke 1A, and Women's 25 metres Freestyle 1A.

She studied at Wayne State University. She competed at the 1978  Pan‐American Wheelchair Games.
Lisa Ingram

**Lisa Ingram**  (born 1964) is an American basketball player. She competed at the 1983 Pan American Games, winning a gold medal, 1983 FIBA World Championship for Women, winning a silver medal, and 1984 Summer Olympics winning a gold medal.

She played for Northeast Louisiana University.
Evane Hanska

**Evane Hanska** (**Evelyne-Anne Pedrotti** 4 April 1944 - 27 April 2021) was a French actress, and writer. She won the 1989 Mottart Prize, for _La Romance de la Goulue._

## Works

- _Les Raouls,_ 1976
- _Mes années Eustache,_ 2001

## Filmography

- _La vie amoureuse de l’homme invisible_ (1971),
- _La Maffia du plaisir_ (1971),
- _La michtonneuse_ (1972),
Maren Heinzerling

**Maren Heinzerling** (**Maren Kämpfe** 17 July 1938 - 10 April 2021) was a German engineer. She was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit , and German Citizens' Prize.

She graduated from Technical University of Munich. She co-founded "Women in Science and Technology". In 1990, she  organized the first Munich Girls' Technology Day, which led to Girls' Day. She developed STEM teaching modules.

## Other websites

- karriereführer ingenieure 1.2014 (karrierefuehrer.de)
Gacha game

A **gacha game** is a video game that has a mechanic of getting items or characters by spending in-game currency. The items or character players receive is random. The rewards are usually graded by rarity. Players can purchase in-game currency with real-world money.

Some gacha games have a _pity system_, where after a certain amount of draws without getting anything rare, the system guarantees the player a rare item.
A Dangerous Woman (1929 movie)

***A Dangerous Woman*** is a 1929 American romantic drama movie directed by Rowland V. Lee and Gerald Grove. It was based on the story by Margery Lawrence. It stars Olga Baclanova, Clive Brook, Clyde Cook, Neil Hamilton, Leslie Fenton and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Free-to-play

**Free-to-play** video games are games that don't cost money to play most of their content.
Roxbury, Connecticut

**Roxbury** is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 2,260 at the 2020 census.
Fayez Tarawneh

**Fayez Tarawneh** (; __; 1 May 1949 – 15 December 2021) was a Jordanian independent politician. He was the Prime Minister of Jordan twice between 1998 until 1999 and for a few months in 2012.

Tarawneh died on 15 December 2021 in Amman, Jordan, at the age of 72.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Fayez Tarawneh

- **image**: Fayez A. Tarawneh - World Economic Forum on the Middle East, North Africa and Eurasia 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Tarawneh at the World Economic Forum on MENA and Eurasia (2012)
- **office**: Prime Minister of Jordan
- **monarch**: Abdullah II of Jordan, Abdullah II
- **term start**: 2 May 2012
- **term end**: 11 October 2012
- **predecessor**: Awn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh
- **successor**: Abdullah Ensour
- **monarch1**: Hussein I of Jordan, Hussein I
Prince Hassan bin Talal, Hassan
Abdullah II of Jordan, Abdullah II
- **term start1**: 20 February 1998
- **term end1**: 4 March 1999
- **predecessor1**: Abdelsalam al-Majali
- **successor1**: Abdelraouf al-Rawabdeh
- **birth place**: Amman, Jordan
- **death place**: Amman, Jordan
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
- **alma mater**: University of Jordan
University of Southern California
Dot (diacritic)

The term **dot** in computing refers to a full stop or period, often seperating a file name from an extension, or different parts of an I.P. address or DNS name (e.g. www.wikipedia.org)
Cool Cat Saves the Kids

**Cool Cat Saves the Kids** is a 2015 American family comedy film, written, produced and directed by Derek Savage. It stars Savage, Jason Johnson, Vivica A. Fox and Erik Estrada. The film is made up of 3 shorts edited together, named _"Cool Cat Stops Bullying"_, _"Cool Cat in the Christmas Parade"_ and _"Cool Cat Finds a Gun"_. The film follows the main character, Cool Cat (portrayed by Jason Johnson), as he sets out on many adventures involving vandalism, gun safety, cyberbullying, a story contest, and a trip to the Hollywood Parade. Since its release, the film has a cult following due to its so-bad-its-good presentation, its various continuity and filmmaking errors, and its director Derek Savage. He infamously filed fraudulent copyright claims of reviews of the film on YouTube.

A re-edit of the film featuring newly shot scenes and fixed editing, entitled "Cool Cat: Kids Superhero", was released in 2018.

## Cast

- Jason Johnson as Cool Cat
- Derek Savage as Daddy Derek
- Erik Estrada as Himself
- Vivica A. Fox as Herself
- Jessica Salazar as Maria
- Connor Dean as Butch the Bully
- Steve Crest as Police Officer

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Cool Cat Saves the Kids
- **director**: Derek Savage
- **producer**: Derek Savage
- **writer**: Derek Savage
- **starring**: Derek Savage
Jason Johnson
Erik Estrada
Vivica A. Fox
Connor Dean
- **music**: Mark Koval
Michael Lee Bishop
- **cinematography**: Stephen Treadway
- **editing**: James Christopher
 Jason Christopher
- **studio**: Cool Cat Productions
- **runtime**: 75 minutes
- **language**: English
- **country**: United States
Leipsic, Delaware

**Leipsic** is a town in Kent County, Delaware, United States.
Little Creek, Delaware

**Little Creek** is a town in Kent County, Delaware, United States.
Magnolia, Delaware

**Magnolia** is a town in Kent County, Delaware, United States.
Viola, Delaware

**Viola** is a town in Kent County, Delaware, United States.
Bellefonte, Delaware

**Bellefonte** is a town in New Castle County, Delaware, United States.
Elsmere, Delaware

**Elsmere** is a town in New Castle County, Delaware, United States.
Odessa, Delaware

**Odessa** is a town in New Castle County, Delaware, United States.
Bethany Beach, Delaware

**Bethany Beach** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Bethel, Delaware

**Bethel** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Blades, Delaware

**Blades** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Bridgeville, Delaware

**Bridgeville** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Dagsboro, Delaware

**Dagsboro** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Delmar, Delaware

**Delmar** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Dewey Beach, Delaware

**Dewey Beach** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Ellendale, Delaware

**Ellendale** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Frankford, Delaware

**Frankford** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Greenwood, Delaware

**Greenwood** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Henlopen Acres, Delaware

**Henlopen Acres** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Laurel, Delaware

**Laurel** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Millsboro, Delaware

**Millsboro** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Millville, Delaware

**Millville** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Ocean View, Delaware

**Ocean View** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States. Ocean View had 2,636 people in 2020.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ocean View, Delaware
- **settlement type**: Town
- **motto**: "A Place To Come Home To "
- **image skyline**: Tunnel West Ocean View Sussex Co DE.JPG
- **image caption**: Tunnell-West House
- **image map**: File:Sussex County Delaware Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Ocean View Highlighted 1053920.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location of Ocean View in Sussex County, Delaware.
- **pushpin map**: Delaware#USA
- **pushpin label**: Ocean View
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of Delaware
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Delaware, County
- **subdivision name2**: Sussex County, Delaware, Sussex
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 7.24
- **area land km2**: 7.18
- **area water km2**: 0.06
- **area total sq mi**: 2.79
- **area land sq mi**: 2.77
- **area water sq mi**: 0.02
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2636
- **population density km2**: 367.00
- **population density sq mi**: 950.60
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 13
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 19967, 19970
- **area code**: Area code 302, 302
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 10-53920
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 214403
Selbyville, Delaware

**Selbyville** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Slaughter Beach, Delaware

**Slaughter Beach** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
South Bethany, Delaware

**South Bethany** is a town in Sussex County, Delaware, United States.
Bridge City, Louisiana

**Bridge City** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Elmwood, Louisiana

**Elmwood** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Lafitte, Louisiana

**Lafitte** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Waggaman, Louisiana

**Waggaman** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Staple, Nord

**Staple** is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 655 people lived there.

## Other websites

- INSEE commune file
Sepmeries

**Sepmeries** is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 653 people lived there.

## Other websites

- INSEE commune file
Miss Manipur

**Miss Manipur** or **Miss Manipur Queen** is an annual beauty pageant that is run by the Manipur based _Miss Manipur Committee (MMC)_. It is one of the most watched beauty pageants in North East India. It co-exists with Femina Miss India Manipur, Miss Kangleipak and Miss Meetei Chanu.

## Eligibility Criteria

A person is eligible to participate in the Miss Manipur contest if she is:
1. of Indian origin (regardless of her birthplace)
1. belongs to the age group of 16–25 years
1. a resident of Manipur (documents required)

## History

_Miss Manipur_ was first held in the year 1951. It is the first beauty pageant organised in Manipur. In October, 2012, the Miss Manipur event (that was about to be held on November 12, 2012) was banned by 42 civil society organizations  including 17 women bodies of Manipur. The women associations accused the event organizers for converting the contest into commercial way and also for promoting improper dressings of the participants. In 2016, the ban was lifted up by the associations as the required rules and regulations for the event was finally composed.

## Titleholders

|Edition|Titleholders|Venue of Competition|Number of Entrants|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2019|AR Mathing|Imphal|16|
|2018|Raina Sharma Laimayum|Imphal||
|2017|Strela Thounaojam Luwang|Imphal|17|
|2016|Phapha Gachui|Imphal|20|
|2014-2015|Rajkumari Daina Devi|Moirang||
|2011|Sangreela Meisnam|Imphal|22|

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Miss Manipur
- **logo size**: 120px
- **caption**: Logo of the Miss Manipur pageant
- **motto**: _Beauty for Peace and Compassion_
- **type**: Beauty pageant
- **headquarters**: Imphal
- **location**: Manipur
- **formation**: 1951
- **language**: Meitei language, Meitei (Manipuri language, Manipuri)
- **key people**: Phairenjam Sonia (event manager)
Lionel Aingimea

**Lionel Rouwen Aingimea** is a Nauruan lawyer and politician. In 2019, he became the 15th President of Nauru.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Lionel Aingimea
- **honorific suffix**: Member of Parliament, MP
- **image**: Lionel Aingimea.jpg
- **caption**: Aingimea in 2019
- **office**: 15th President of Nauru
- **term start**: 27 August 2019
- **term end**: 29 September 2022
- **deputy**: Martin Hunt (Nauruan politician), Martin Hunt
Maverick Eoe
- **predecessor**: Baron Waqa
- **successor**: Russ Kun
- **office2**: Assistant Minister for Justice and Border Control
- **term start2**: 2016
- **term end2**: 2019
- **office3**: Member of Parliament for Meneng Constituency, Meneng
- **term start3**: 2016
- **birth place**: Nauru
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
Hammer DeRoburt

**Hammer DeRoburt ** (25 September 1922 – 15 July 1992) was the first President of the Republic of Nauru. He was in power of the country for most of its first twenty years of independence.

He was given an honorary knighthood by Queen Elizabeth II in 1982.

DeRoburt died on 15 July 1992 in Melbourne, Australia from diabetes, aged 69.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Hammer DeRoburt
- **image**: Hammer DeRoburt.jpg
- **caption**: Hammer DeRoburt, 1968
- **honorific suffix**: Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG, OBE
- **order**: 1st
- **office**: President of Nauru
- **term start**: 31 January 1968
- **term end**: 22 December 1976
- **deputy**: Buraro Detudamo
- **predecessor**: _Office Established_
- **successor**: Bernard Dowiyogo
- **term start2**: 15 May 1978
- **term end2**: 17 September 1986
- **deputy2**: Buraro Detudamo
- **predecessor2**: Lagumot Harris
- **successor2**: Kennan Adeang
- **term start3**: 1 October 1986
- **term end3**: 12 December 1986
- **deputy3**: Buraro Detudamo
- **predecessor3**: Kennan Adeang
- **successor3**: Kennan Adeang
- **term start4**: 22 December 1986
- **term end4**: 17 August 1989
- **deputy4**: Buraro Detudamo
- **predecessor4**: Kennan Adeang
- **successor4**: Kenos Aroi
- **constituency mp5**: Boe Constituency, Boe
- **parliament5**: Nauruan
- **predecessor5**: **Constituency Established**
- **successor5**: Michael Aroi
- **term start5**: 31 January 1968
- **term end5**: 15 July 1992
- **birth date**: 25 September 1922
- **birth place**: Nauru
- **death date**: 15 July 1992 (aged 69)
- **death place**: Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia
Parliament of Nauru

The **Parliament of Nauru** is the unicameral legislature of Nauru. It has 19 members and they are elected for a three-year term in multi-seat constituencies. The President of Nauru is elected by the members of the Parliament. The number of seats was increased to 19 in 2013.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **name**: Parliament of Nauru
- **coa pic**: Coat of arms of Nauru.svg
- **coa res**: 150px
- **house type**: Unicameral
- **leader1 type**: President of Nauru, President
- **leader1**: Lionel Aingimea
- **party1**: Independent (politics), Non-partisan
- **election1**: 27 August 2019
- **leader2 type**: List of Speakers of the Parliament of Nauru, Speaker
- **leader2**: Marcus Stephen
- **party2**: Independent (politician), Non-partisan
- **election2**: 27 August 2019
- **leader3 type**: Deputy Speaker
- **leader3**: _Vacant_
- **members**: 19
- **structure1**: File:Nauru Parliament 2019.svg
- **structure1 res**: 250px
- **political groups1**: ;**Government**
: Nauru First (5)
: Non-partisan (9)

;**Opposition**
: Non-partisan (4)
: Non-partisan (1)
- **voting system1**: Borda count#Dowdall system (Nauru), Dowdall system
- **last election1**: 2019 Nauruan parliamentary election, 24 August 2019
- **next election1**: 2022
- **session room**: Nauru Parliament.jpg
- **session res**: 250px
- **session room2**: Nauru Parliament chamber.jpg
- **session res2**: 250px
- **meeting place**: Parliament Building, Yaren District, Yaren
- **footnotes**: all candidates for Parliament officially stand as Independent (politics), independents.
Kinza Clodumar

**Kinza Godfrey Clodumar** (8 February 1945 – 29 November 2021) was a Nauruan politician. He was the President of Nauru from 1997 to 1998.

Clodumar died on 29 November 2021 at the age of 76.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**: His Excellency
- **image**: Clodumar at PALM 2000 reception (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Clodumar in 2000
- **order**: 7th President of Nauru
- **term start**: 13 February 1997
- **term end**: 18 June 1998
- **deputy**: Vinson Detenamo
- **predecessor**: Ruben Kun
- **successor**: Bernard Dowiyogo
- **office2**: Member of the Nauruan Parliament for Boe District, Boe
- **predecessor2**: Michael Aroi
- **successor2**: Mathew Batsiua
- **term start2**: November 20, 1995
- **term end2**: May 5, 2003
- **office3**: Member of the Nauruan Parliament for Aiwo District, Aiwo
- **predecessor3**: David Agir
- **successor3**: Theodore Moses
- **term start3**: December 5, 1983
- **term end3**: December 9, 1989
- **predecessor4**: Itubwa Amram
- **successor4**: David Agir
- **term start4**: January 25, 1971
- **term end4**: January 29, 1979
- **birth place**: Boe (Nauru), Boe, Japanese occupation of Nauru, Nauru
- **party**: Centre Party (Nauru), Centre Party
Karl Nehammer

**Karl Nehammer** (; born 18 October 1972) is an Austrian politician. He was the Chancellor of Austria from 6 December 2021 until 10 January 2025. He is a member of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP). He was the Minister of the Interior from 2020 to 2021 and a member of the National Council from 2017 to 2020. In January 2025, Nehammer resigned as Chancellor and ÖVP leader after unsuccessful coalition talks following the 2024 legislative election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Predsednik vlade dr. Robert Golob na Dunaju na srečanju voditeljev glede strateških prioritet EU (53649416261) (Nehammer crop).jpg
- **caption**: Nehammer in 2024
- **office**: Chancellor of Austria
- **president**: Alexander Van der Bellen
- **1blankname**: Vice-Chancellor of Austria, Vice-Chancellor
- **1namedata**: Werner Kogler
(2021–2024)
_Vacant_
(2024–2025)
- **term start**: 6 December 2021
- **term end**: 10 January 2025
- **predecessor**: Alexander Schallenberg
- **successor**: Alexander Schallenberg (acting)
Christian Stocker
- **office1**: Chair of the Austrian People's Party, Chair of the People's Party
- **term start1**: 3 December 2021
- **term end1**: 5 January 2025
- **predecessor1**: Sebastian Kurz
- **successor1**: Christian Stocker
- **office2**: Minister of the Interior (Austria), Minister of the Interior
- **term start2**: 7 January 2020
- **term end2**: 6 December 2021
- **chancellor2**: Sebastian Kurz
Alexander Schallenberg
- **predecessor2**: Wolfgang Peschorn
- **successor2**: Gerhard Karner
- **office3**: Secretary-General of the Austrian People's Party, People's Party
- **term start3**: 20 January 2018
- **term end3**: 3 January 2020
- **predecessor3**: Stefan Steiner
- **successor3**: Axel Melchior
- **term start4**: 9 November 2017
- **term end4**: 7 January 2020
- **successor4**: Rudolf Taschner
- **constituency4**: Vienna, 9 – Vienna
- **birth place**: Vienna, Austria
- **party**: Austrian People's Party, People's
- **alma mater**: University for Continuing Education Krems
- **spouse**: Katharina Nidetzky
- **children**: 2
- **allegiance**: Austria
- **branch**: Austrian Armed Forces, Austrian Army
- **serviceyears**: 1993-1997
- **rank**: Lieutenant
Nicolae Ciucă

**Nicolae Ionel Ciucă** (; born 7 February 1967) is a Romanian politician and retired general. He is a member of the Romanian Land Forces. He was the Prime Minister of Romania from 25 November 2021 to 12 June 2023.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: NicolaeCiuca 2019 (cropped).jpg
- **order**: List of heads of government of Romania, 70th
- **office**: Prime Minister of Romania
- **president**: Klaus Iohannis
- **deputy**: Hunor Kelemen
Sorin Grindeanu
- **term start**: 25 November 2021
- **term end**: 12 June 2023
- **predecessor**: Florin Cîțu
- **successor**: Cătălin Predoiu (acting)
- **president1**: Klaus Iohannis
- **deputy1**: Raluca Turcan
- **termlabel1**: Acting
- **term start1**: 7 December 2020
- **term end1**: 23 December 2020
- **predecessor1**: Ludovic Orban
- **successor1**: Florin Cîțu
- **office2**: Ministry of National Defence (Romania), Minister of National Defence
- **primeminister2**: Ludovic Orban
_Himself_
Florin Cîțu
- **term start2**: 4 November 2019
- **term end2**: 25 November 2021
- **successor2**: Vasile Dîncu
- **office3**: Senate of Romania, Senator of Romania
- **term start3**: 21 December 2020
- **constituency3**: Dolj County
- **office4**: Chief of the Romanian General Staff
- **president4**: Klaus Iohannis
- **term start4**: 1 January 2015
- **term end4**: 28 October 2019
- **successor4**: Daniel Petrescu
- **birth place**: Plenița, Dolj County, Romania
- **party**: National Liberal Party (Romania), National Liberal Party (2020–present)
- **branch**: Romanian Land Forces
- **serviceyears**: 1985–2019
- **rank**: Romanian_Armed_Forces_ranks_and_insignia, General
Kiril Petkov

**Kiril Petkov Petkov** (; born 17 April 1980) is a Bulgarian politician, economist, and businessman. He is the Prime Minister of Bulgaria since 13 December 2021.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **native name**: Кирил Петков
- **native name lang**: bg
- **image**: Kiril Petkov 2021.jpg
- **caption**: Petkov in 2021
- **office**: Prime Minister of Bulgaria
- **president**: Rumen Radev
- **term start**: 13 December 2021
- **term end**: 2 August 2022
- **predecessor**: Stefan Yanev
- **successor**: Galab Donev
- **office1**: We Continue the Change, Co-Leader of We Continue the Change
- **alongside1**: Asen Vasilev
- **term start1**: 19 September 2021
- **predecessor1**: _Position established_
- **office2**: Ministry of Economy, Energy and Tourism (Bulgaria), Minister of Economy
- **term start2**: 12 May 2021
- **term end2**: 16 September 2021
- **primeminister2**: Stefan Yanev (general), Stefan Yanev
- **predecessor2**: Lachezar Ivanov
- **successor2**: Daniela Vezieva
- **birth name**: Kiril Petkov Petkov
- **birth place**: Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- **party**: We Continue the Change
- **children**: 3
Pohiva Tuʻiʻonetoa

**Pohiva Tu’i’onetoa** (30 June 1951 — 18 March 2023 ) was a Tongan accountant and politician. He was the 17th Prime Minister of Tonga from 2019 to 2021. Tu'i'onetoa replaced Semisi Sika, who was acting prime minister, since the death of ʻAkilisi Pōhiva.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Pōhiva Tu'i'onetoa
- **image**: Pohiva Tuʻiʻonetoa (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Pohiva Tu’i’onetoa in 2020
- **office**: 17th Prime Minister of Tonga
- **monarch**: Tupou VI
- **term start**: 8 October 2019
- **term end**: 27 December 2021
- **deputy**: Semisi Sika
Sione Vuna Fa'otusia
- **predecessor**: Semisi Sika (Acting)
- **successor**: Siaosi Sovaleni
- **office6**: Minister for Public Enterprises
- **term start6**: 10 October 2019
- **term end6**: 15 December 2021
- **primeminister6**: Himself
- **office7**: Minister of Finance (Tonga), Minister of Finance
- **term start7**: 4 January 2018
- **term end7**: 10 October 2019
- **primeminister7**: ʻAkilisi Pōhiva
- **predecessor7**: Tevita Lavemaau
- **successor7**: Tevita Lavemaau
- **office8**: Minister of Labour, Commerce and Industries
- **term start8**: 30 December 2014
- **term end8**: 4 January 2018
- **successor8**: Tevita Tu'i Uata
- **office9**: Minister for Revenue and Customs
- **term start9**: 6 March 2017
- **term end9**: September 2017
- **predecessor9**: Tevita Lavemaau
- **successor9**: Mateni Tapueluelu
- **office10**: Police, Prisons and Fire Services
- **term start10**: 30 December 2014
- **term end10**: 6 March 2017
- **successor10**: Mateni Tapueluelu
- **constituency mp15**: Tongatapu 10
- **parliament15**: Tongan
- **term start15**: 27 November 2014
- **predecessor15**: Semisi Tapueluelu
- **party**: Tonga People's Party
- **birth place**: Talafo’ou, Tonga
- **alma mater**: Monash University
 Institute of Certified Management Accountants
- **nationality**: Tongan
Siaosi Sovaleni

**Siaosi ‘Ofakivahafolau Sovaleni** (born 28 February 1970) is a Tongan politician. He was the prime minister-designate of Tonga from 2021 until 2024. From 2014 to 2017 he was Deputy Prime Minister of Tonga.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Siaosi Sovaleni
- **image**: Siaosi Sovaleni ITU 2017.jpg
- **caption**: Siaosi Sovaleni in 2017
- **office**: 18th Prime Minister of Tonga
- **monarch**: Tupou VI
- **term start**: 27 December 2021
- **term end**: 9 December 2024
- **predecessor**: Pohiva Tuʻiʻonetoa
- **successor**: Samiu Vaipulu (acting)
- **office2**: Minister for Education & Training
- **primeminister2**: Pohiva Tuʻiʻonetoa
- **term start2**: 10 October 2019
- **term end2**: 28 January 2025
- **predecessor2**: Penisimani Fifita
- **successor2**: ʻUhilamoelangi Fasi
- **office3**: Deputy Prime Minister of Tonga
- **primeminister3**: ʻAkilisi Pōhiva
- **term start3**: 30 December 2014
- **term end3**: 6 September 2017
- **predecessor3**: Samiu Vaipulu
- **successor3**: Maʻafu Tukuiʻaulahi, Lord Maʻafu
- **office4**: Minister for Environment and Communication
- **term start4**: 30 December 2014
- **term end4**: 6 September 2017
- **predecessor4**: Maʻafu Tukuiʻaulahi, Lord Maʻafu
- **successor4**: Poasi Tei
- **constituency mp5**: Tongatapu 3
- **term start5**: 27 November 2014
- **predecessor5**: Sitiveni Halapua
- **birth name**: Siaosi ‘Ofakivahafolau Sovaleni
- **birth place**: Ngele'ia, Tongatapu, Kingdom of Tonga
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
Cap-Haïtien fuel tanker explosion

On 14 December 2021, a fuel tank truck exploded in the Samari neighborhood of Cap-Haïtien, the capital city of the Haitian department of Nord. It happened as people tried to steal fuel from the vehicle by using hammers to pierce it. The explosion caused a major fire.

At least 75 people were killed and more than 100 others were injured.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **zoom**: 13


## Infobox (event)

- **title**: Cap-Haïtien fuel tanker explosion
- **image**: Location of Cap-Haïtien fuel tanker explosion.jpg
- **caption**: Explosion location, 2019
- **time**:  Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **location**: Samari, Cap-Haïtien, Haiti
- **type**: Fuel tanker explosion
- **deaths**: 75
- **injuries**: 100+
Gitega prison fire

At around 04:00 CAT on 7 December 2021, a fire broke out in an overcrowded prison in Gitega, Burundi. It killed at least 38 people and injured over 69 others.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **zoom**: 13


## Infobox (event)

- **title**: Gitega prison fire
- **date**: 7 December 2021
- **time**: 04:00 Central Africa Time, CAT
- **place**: Gitega, Burundi
- **cause**: Electrical failure
- **reported deaths**: 38
- **reported injuries**: 69+
- **reported property damage**: Unknown
State Counsellor of Myanmar

The **state counsellor of Myanmar** () was the title of the _de facto_ head of government of Myanmar. The office was similar to that of a prime minister.

The office is currently vacant after the arrest of the first and only state counsellor, Aung San Suu Kyi, in the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état.

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: State Counsellor
- **body**: Myanmar
- **insignia**: Variant of the State seal of Myanmar (2011-2025).svg
- **incumbent**: _Vacant_
- **incumbentsince**: 1 February 2021
- **style**: Excellency, His/Her Excellency

State Counsellor

- **minister**: Kyaw Tint Swe
- **residence**: Naypyidaw
- **nominator**: Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, Assembly of the Union
- **appointer**: President of Myanmar
- **termlength**: Equivalent to incumbent President (5 years, renewable once)
- **formation**: 6 April 2016
- **inaugural**: Aung San Suu Kyi
2021 Nagaland killings

On 4 December 2021, a unit of 21 Para Special Forces, the special forces unit, killed six civilians near the Oting village of the Mon district in Nagaland, India.

Eight more civilians and a soldier were killed afterwards. The killings were criticized with many wanting the Armed Forces Special Powers Act removed.
2021 Semeru eruption

An eruption of Mount Semeru, a volcano in the East Java province of the Indonesian island of Java, began on 4 December 2021.

The eruption began after heavy rain caused the collapse of the lava dome at the summit.

Pyroclastic flows and lahars damaged at least 5,205 homes and several public buildings. At least 46 people were killed, 104 more are injured, while 9 are missing.
Xiomara Castro

**Iris Xiomara Castro Sarmiento** (born 30 September 1959) is a Honduran politician and businesswoman who served as the 39th president of Honduras from 2022 to 2026. She is Honduras's first female president. From 2006 to 2009, Castro was the first lady of Honduras during the presidency of her husband Manuel Zelaya.

She is a member of the Libre Party and represented the party three times in the 2013, 2017 and 2021 Honduran general elections, running as the party's candidate for president of Honduras in 2013 and 2021, and for vice president of Honduras in 2017.

Castro became involved in the National Popular Resistance Front after the 2009 Honduran coup d'état, which resulted in the end of her husband's presidency.

She was the first lady of Honduras between 2006 and 2009. Castro has been married to former President Manuel Zelaya since 1976. She was born in Santa Bárbara Department, Honduras and has four children; including Congresswoman Xiomara Zelaya.

In her inaugural speech, she promised to make her country a democratic socialist state.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**: Her Excellency
- **name**: Xiomara Castro
- **image**: Xiomara Castro 2022 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Castro in 2022
- **order**: 39th
- **office**: President of Honduras
- **vicepresident**: Salvador Nasralla
Doris Gutiérrez
Renato Florentino
- **term start**: 27 January 2022
- **term end**: 27 January 2026
- **predecessor**: Juan Orlando Hernández
- **successor**: Nasry Asfura
- **office1**: Armed Forces of Honduras, Minister of National Defense

- **president1**: _Herself_
- **term start1**: 27 May 2025
- **term end1**: 23 January 2026
- **predecessor1**: Rixi Moncada
- **successor1**: Gustavo Sánchez
- **order2**: 13th
- **office2**: President pro tempore of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
- **term start2**: 4 March 2024
- **term end2**: 9 April 2025
- **predecessor2**: Ralph Gonsalves
- **successor2**: Gustavo Petro
- **office3**: First ladies and gentlemen of Honduras, First Lady of Honduras
- **president3**: Manuel Zelaya
- **term label3**: In role
- **term start3**: 27 January 2006
- **term end3**: 28 June 2009
- **predecessor3**: Aguas Santas Ocaña Navarro, Aguas Ocaña
- **successor3**: Siomara Girón
- **birth place**: Santa Bárbara, Honduras, Santa Bárbara, Honduras
- **party**: Liberty and Refoundation (2011–present)
- **otherparty**: Liberal Party of Honduras, Liberal Party (until 2011)
- **children**: 4, including Xiomara Zelaya, Xiomara
- **alma mater**: * Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Autonomus University of Honduras (Bachelor of Business, BBA)
- **blank1**: Other names
- **data1**: Xiomara Castro de Zelaya (from marriage)
Salvador Nasralla

**Salvador Alejandro César Nasralla Salum** (born 30 January 1953) is a Honduran sports journalist, television presenter, businessman, and politician. He was the First Vice President of Honduras from 2022 until 2024.  He is the presenter of the TV programs _5 Deportivo_ and _X-0 da Dinero_, and has been called "El señor de la televisión".

He was the founder of the Anti-Corruption Party in 2011. He ran for President of Honduras in the 2013 Honduran general election. He ran again in the 2017 Honduran general election. He controversially lost the election.

After serving as Vice President for two years, Nasralla resigned to run in the 2025 general election, eventually becoming the Liberal Party nominee. He lost the election by a small margin to Nasry Asfura.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Salvador Nasralla
- **image**: Salvador Nasralla in 2013 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Vice President of Honduras
- **president**: Xiomara Castro
- **term start**: 27 January 2022
- **term end**: 30 April 2024
- **alongside**: Doris Gutiérrez and Renato Florentino
- **predecessor**: Ricardo Álvarez Arias
- **successor**: Doris Gutiérrez
- **office1**: Leader of the Savior Party of Honduras
- **term start1**: 12 November 2019
- **term end1**: 1 July 2024
- **predecessor1**: Party established
- **successor1**: Fátima Mena
- **birth name**: Salvador Alejandro César
Nasralla Salum
- **birth place**: Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- **party**: Savior of Honduras Party, PSH
- **otherparty**: Anti-Corruption Party, PAC (until 2017)
- **alma mater**: Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
Manuel Zelaya

**José Manuel Zelaya Rosales** (born 20 September 1952) is a Honduran politician and businessman who served as the 35th president of Honduras from 2006 until his coup d'état in 2009. From 2022 to 2026, Zelaya was the first gentleman of Honduras during the presidency of his wife Xiomara Castro.

On 28 June 2009, during the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis, he was captured by the military and sent to Costa Rica in a coup d'état. On 21 September 2009 he returned to Honduras. In 2010, he left Honduras for the Dominican Republic, an exile that lasted more than a year.

He now represents Honduras as a deputy of the Central American Parliament. Since January 1976, Zelaya has been married to Xiomara Castro de Zelaya, who was Honduras' first female president.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Manuel Zelaya
- **image**: Manuel Zelaya 2022.jpg
- **caption**: Zelaya in 2022
- **office**: First Ladies and Gentlemen of Honduras, First Gentleman of Honduras
- **president**: Xiomara Castro
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: 27 January 2022
- **term end**: 27 January 2026
- **predecessor**: Ana García Carías
 (as first lady)
- **successor**: Lissette del Cid
(as first lady)
- **office1**: 35th President of Honduras
- **term start1**: 27 January 2006
- **term end1**: 28 June 2009
- **predecessor1**: Ricardo Maduro
- **successor1**: Roberto Micheletti
- **office2**: Leader of Liberty and Refoundation, Libre
- **term start2**: 26 June 2011
- **predecessor2**: Party established
- **office3**: Deputy of the Olancho Department
- **term start3**: 25 January 2014
- **term end3**: 25 January 2018
- **term start4**: 25 January 1986
- **term end4**: 25 January 1998
- **birth name**: José Manuel Zelaya Rosales
- **birth place**: Catacamas, Olancho, Honduras
- **children**: 4, including Xiomara Zelaya, Xiomara
- **party**: Liberal Party of Honduras, Liberal Party (1970–2011)
Liberty and Refoundation, LIBRE (2011–present)
- **alma mater**: National Autonomous University of Honduras (Incomplete)
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

The **Omicron variant** (or B.1.1.529) is a form of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. It was first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) from South Africa on 24 November 2021. On 26 November 2021, the WHO called it a Variant of Concern (VOC), and named it "Omicron".

Etymology: Omicron is a  letter in the Greek alphabet.

## BA.2.86, or Pirola

BA.2.86, or Pirola, is a descendant of the parent lineage (B.1.1.529). It has been known to media since August 2023. Research has not shown (as of 2023's third quarter) if this variant can possibly be more dangerous than other variants that are in circulation (or spreading infection from some people to more people). The variant has been found in North America, Europe, and the Middle East. It has "dozens of genetic changes". Related page: mutation.

BA.2.86, samples are from as early as July 2023; It is on the list of _Variants under monitoring_ (according to WHO, as of 2023's third quarter). The variant is a descendant of the parent lineage (or B.1.1.529) of the Omicron variant.

## Other descendants of the parent lineage (B.1.1.529)

- EG.5, sometimes called _Eris_,  sampled since February 2023, listed as _Variants of interest_ (according to WHO, as of 2023's third quarter)
- XBB, sampled since August 2022, listed as _Variants under monitoring_ (as of 2023's third quarter)
- BA.2.75, sampled since 2021, listed as _Variants under monitoring_ (as of 2023's third quarter)

## Out of circulation

- Lineage, B.1.1.529 (the parent lineage of the Omicron variant) seems to be out of circulation (according to WHO, in March 2023).

## Information from 2022

Omicron multiplies around 70 times faster than the Delta variant in the bronchi, but it is less severe than other strains, especially the Delta variant. Omicron might be less able to enter deep lung tissue. Omicron infections are 91 percent less fatal than the delta variant, with 51 percent less risk of hospitalization.

Vaccines can protect against severe disease and hospitalisation especially after a third dose of an mRNA vaccine is given. Early data found that double vaccination give 30 to 40 percent protection against infection and around 70 percent protection against hospitalization. A recent third vaccine dose boosts effectiveness against infection to around 75 percent, and 88 percent for severe disease.

## Related pages

- Variants of SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant

The **Gamma variant**, also known as **lineage P.1**, is one of the variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

This variant of SARS-CoV-2 was first detected by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) of Japan, on 6 January 2021 in four people who had arrived in Tokyo having visited Amazonas, Brazil, four days earlier.
Kemerovo Oblast

**Kemerovo Oblast–Kuzbass** (, ), also known by its short names as **Kemerovo Oblast** () and **Kuzbass** () after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia. It is located in southwestern Siberia. Kemerovo is the administrative center of the oblast, though Novokuznetsk is the largest city in the oblast.
Novokuznetsk

**Novokuznetsk** (; literally: "new smith's", , _Aba-tura_) is a city in Kemerovo Oblast in south-western Siberia, Russia. It is the second largest city in the oblast, after Kemerovo. It had a population of 528,747 as of the 2025 Census.

## Infobox (russian inhabited locality)

- **en name**: Novokuznetsk
- **ru name**: Новокузнецк
- **image skyline**: Views of Novokuznetsk 2015-06-12.JPG
- **image caption**: View of Novokuznetsk
- **image flag**: Flag of Novokuznetsk (Kemerovo oblast) (celebratory).png
- **image coa**: Герб Новокузнецка 2018.png
- **federal subject**: Kemerovo Oblast
- **adm inhabloc jur**: Novokuznetsk City of federal subject significance, City Under Oblast Jurisdiction
- **adm ctr of1**: Novokuznetsky District
- **adm ctr of2**: Novokuznetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction
- **inhabloc cat**: City
- **urban okrug jur**: Novokuznetsky Urban Okrug
- **mun admctr of1**: Novokuznetsky Urban Okrug
- **mun admctr of2**: Novokuznetsky Municipal District
- **leader title**: Head
- **leader name**: Sergey Kuznetsov
- **pop 2010census**: 547904
- **pop 2010census rank**: 29th
- **established date**: 1618
- **current cat date**: 1689
- **dialing codes**: 3843
- **website**: http://www.admnkz.info
- **date**: July 2020
Listvyazhnaya mine disaster

The **Listvyazhnaya mine disaster** was a mining accident that happened on 25 November 2021 in a coal mine in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. Smoke from a fire in a ventilation shaft caused the suffocation of over 40 miners.

A rescue gone wrong trapped miners and caused the deaths of at least five rescuers when the mine exploded. It is the deadliest mine accident in Russia since the 2010 Raspadskaya mine explosion in the same region.
November 2021 English Channel disaster

On 24 November 2021, an inflatable dinghy carrying migrants from France to the United Kingdom flipped over in the English Channel. This killed 27 of the 30 people on board. It is believed to be the deadliest incident in the English Channel.

Prime Minister Boris Johnson said he was "shocked, appalled and deeply saddened" by the incident.

## Infobox (event)

- **partof**: the English Channel migrant crossings (2018–present)
- **date**: 24 November 2021
- **place**: near Calais, France
- **cause**: Vessel capsized
- **reported deaths**: 27
- **reported injuries**: 2
- **reported missing**: 1
2021 Bulgaria bus crash

On 23 November 2021 a Macedonian bus crashed and caught fire in western Bulgaria. The accident happened on the Struma motorway near the village of Bosnek, south-west of Sofia. Fifty passengers and two drivers were on the bus. Forty-five people died in the crash, including twelve children. Seven other passengers suffered burns but survived at first.

It is currently the deadliest road accident in Bulgarian history. It is seen as the deadliest bus crash in Europe in a decade.
Double Asteroid Redirection Test

The **Double Asteroid Redirection Test** (**DART**) was a NASA space mission for planetary defense against near-Earth objects (NEOs). It was made to see how much an average-sized spacecraft could move an asteroid out of its trajectory (the path it is guessed to travel.) The asteroid that was picked was not dangerous to Earth, and also it is a simple binary system. The spacecraft flew on the 24th of November 2021, and hit what it was aiming for, the asteroid Dimorphos.

DART was a joint project between NASA and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL).

The DART spacecraft was successfully launched on 24 November 2021, with collision aimed for 26 September 2022 to 2 October 2022.
George Pérez

**George Pérez** (; June 9, 1954 – May 6, 2022) was an American comic book artist and writer. He was known for working on _The Avengers_ for Marvel Comics. In the 1980s he worked on _The New Teen Titans_, which became one of DC Comics' top-selling series.

In December 2021, Pérez was diagnosed with terminal pancreatic cancer. He died from the disease five months later in Sanford, Florida on May 6, 2022 at the age of 67.

## Infobox (comics creator)

- **image**: 10.13.12GeorgePérezByLuigiNovi1.jpg
- **caption**: Pérez in 2012
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **death place**: Sanford, Florida, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **area**: Writer, penciller, inker
- **notable works**: _The Avengers (comic book), The Avengers_
_Crisis on Infinite Earths_
_New Teen Titans_
 _Wonder Woman_ (vol. 2)
- **awards**: Eagle Awards, Eagle Award, 1979, 1980, 1986, 2000
Inkpot Award, 1983
Jack Kirby Award, 1985, 1986
- **spouse**: Carol Flynn
Fritzl case

The **Fritzl case** began in 2008, when a woman named Elisabeth Fritzl (born 6 April 1966) informed investigators in the city of Amstetten, Lower Austria that she had been held captive for 24 years by her father, Josef Fritzl (born 9 April 1935).

Fritzl had assaulted, sexually abused, and raped her many times when keeping her trapped in the family's basement. The abuse by Elisabeth's father resulted in the birth of seven children.

Josef was arrested on suspicion of false imprisonment, rape, manslaughter by negligence, and incest. In March 2009, he pleaded guilty to all counts and was sentenced to life imprisonment.
Alejandra Guzmán

**Gabriela Alejandra Guzmán Pinal** (born February 9, 1968), known professionally as **Alejandra Guzmán**, and nicknamed **"La Reina de Corazones"** (The Queen of Hearts) is a Mexican musician, singer, composer, and actress. She won a Latin Grammy. She is one of the most successful  Mexican female singers.

She is the daughter of actress Silvia Pinal and singer Enrique Guzmán.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alejandra Guzmán
- **image**: Alejandra Guzmán (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Guzmán performing during :es: Versus Toue, Versus Tour in 2017
- **birth name**: Gabriela Alejandra Guzmán Pinal
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
- **years active**: 1988–present
- **children**: 1
- **spouse**: