juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Korean Americans

**Korean Americans** (Korean: ; Hanja: ; _Hangukgye Migukin_) are Americans of Korean descent. They are mostly from South Korea. A small amount are from North Korea. The Korean American community comprises about 0.5% of the United States population or about 1.6 million people and is the fifth largest Asian American subgroup, after the Indian American, Chinese American, Vietnamese American and Filipino American communities. The U.S. has the second-largest Korean community in the world. The largest is in the People's Republic of China.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Korean Americans
<small>한국계 미국인</small>
<small>韓國系美國人</small>
<small>Hangukgye Migukin</small>
- **image**: <div style="white-space:nowrap;">

</div>
- **caption**: <small>Herbert Choy • Dana Tai Soon Burgess • Margaret Cho • Juju Chang • Sung Kang • Harold Hongju Koh • Michelle Wie • Peter S. Kim • Ken Jeong • Michelle Rhee • Jamie Chung • Hines Ward</small>
- **total**: **1,609,980**
<small>0.5% of the US population (2008)</small>
- **regions**: Los Angeles metropolitan area, New York City metropolitan area, Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, and other major American metropolitan areas.
- **languages**: English language, English, Korean language, Korean
- **religions**: Large Irreligion, non-religious and Atheism, atheist segment. Predominantly Christianity , Christian (chiefly Protestant)
Minority Buddhist


## Infobox (korean name)

- **hangul**: 한국계 미국인
- **hanja**: 韓國系美國人
- **rr**: Hangukgye Migukin
- **mr**: Han'gukkye Migukin
Gentlemen's agreement

A **gentlemen's agreement** is an agreement made between two or more people. It can be written down, spoken, or just understood. A gentlemen's agreement needs people to be honourable and stick to the agreement, instead of enforcing the agreement. Because of this, it is different from a legal agreement or contract, because a legal agreement or contract can be enforced if needed.
Hovenia dulcis

***Hovenia dulcis*** is also called the **oriental raisin tree**. It is a plant that lives in Japan, Korea, Eastern China and the Himalayas.

## Life cycle

The oriental raisin tree grows about 10 meters tall. Its bark of the tree is dark gray. Its flowers are white, and they open between June and July. The tree grows fruit in September and October. The fruits are brown, and they are shaped like a chicken's claw.  Its seeds fall off from February to March.  Its germination rate, which is the number of seeds that begin to spore or grow, is about 2 – 15%. Most trees begin to grow their own fruit when they are two years old.

## Living conditions

The oriental raisin tree can grow with shade or light. Cold does not hurt the tree, but too much time without rain does hurt it. Unlike many other plants, the oriental raisin tree can grow even if the soil has lots of salt in it, so often lives near the sea. Pollution does not hurt the oriental raisin tree either, so it can live in cities and other industrial areas.

## Uses and effects

The wood of the oriental raisin tree can be used to make buildings, musical instruments, ships, and furniture. Because the stem tastes sweet, people like to eat it and make drinks from it. This stem is also used for medicine.
Mesosaurus

***Mesosaurus*** is an extinct marine  reptile from the early to late Permian of southern Africa and South America. It was one of the first known marine reptiles, and had many adaptations to a fully aquatic lifestyle.

It is sometimes considered an anapsid, but there is some disagreement about that. It is described by Benton as a 'parareptile', that is, a sauropsid.

## Palaeobiology

_Mesosaurus_ was one of the first reptiles to return to the water after early tetrapods came to land in the later Devonian.

It was around  in length, with webbed feet, a streamlined body, and a long tail that may have supported a fin. It probably propelled itself through the water with its long hind legs and flexible tail. Its body was also flexible and could easily move sideways, but it had heavily thickened ribs, which would have prevented it from twisting its body. Specimens show it was viviparous, bearing live young.

_Mesosaurus_ had a small skull with long jaws. The nostrils were located at the top, allowing the creature to breathe with only the upper side of its head breaking the surface. Its teeth were suitable for catching small nektonic prey such as crustaceans.

## Distribution

_Mesosaurus_ was significant in providing evidence for the theory of continental drift, because its remains were found in southern Africa and eastern South America, two far away places. As _Mesosaurus_ was a coastal animal, and therefore could not have crossed the Atlantic Ocean, this distribution indicated that the two continents used to be joined together.
Bokbunja ju

**Bokbunja ju** (hangul: 복분자주; hanja: 覆盆子酒; also spelled ***bokbunjaju***, ***bokbunja-ju***, or ***bokbunjajoo***, and also called ***bokbunja*** **wine**) is a Korean traditional wine made from fermented Korean black raspberries called _bokbunja_ (hangul: 복분자; hanja: ; _Rubus coreanus_). It is made by fermenting berries with water.

_Bokbunja ju_ is crimson in color and sweet. It has between 15% and 19% alcohol by volume, depending on the brand. Koreans believe that it is good for health  and promotes male sexual stamina. It is often drunk on special occasions.
Hangwa

A **hangwa** is a Korean traditional cookie. Hangwa includes Yumilgwa Yugwa, Dasik Dasik and Yeot Gangjeong. Hangwa is also called _Jogwa_ since it is made of diverse grains and looks like fruits.

## Origin

Hangwa was very popular among people over the Shilla and Goryeo because the yield of grains had went up a lot and people tried not to eat meat for religious reasons. The religion at that time was Buddhism. Since then, Hangwa has become necessary in wedding ceremonies, memorial sacrifice days, and social dinners.

## Types of Hangwa

The basic materials of Hangwa are mostly natural and based on the materials Hangwa is primarily divided into seven kinds and the recipes are slightly different.

|Types|Names|Materials|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Yugwa|Gangjeong, Sanja, Yohwagwa|Rice, Sesame, Black Sesame|
|Dasik|Songhwa Dasik, Saeng-gang Dasik, Nongmal Dasik|Rice, Starch, Ginger|
|Yeot Gangjeong|DDang-kong Yeot Gangjeong, KKae Yeot Gangjeong|Rice, Peanut, Sesame|

## Characteristics

Hangwa does not go bad easily because it is very good at preservation. This comes from the fermentation of grains and use of honey. Also, Hangwa is very nutritious. Ancestors thought that food was natural medicine and the idea was reflected on the nutrition of Hangwa too. Also, Hangwa shows Korean traditional virtue and emotions. It represents the warmth of neighbors. In ancient times, when people had ceremonies or social meetings, they made their guest go back with some food, which was mostly Tteok and Hangwa. In other words, Hangwa talks about the kindness and the affection between people in Korea.

## References

- 한과의 디저트 상품화를 위한 브랜드아이덴티티 디자인 개발 연구
- International Strategy of Rice Cake and Korean Traditional Cookie

## Other websites

- What is Hangwa
- The origin of Hangwa

## Infobox (korean name)

- **img**: Hangwa.jpg
- **caption**: Various _hangwa_
- **rr**: hangwa
- **mr**: han'gwa
Hōei

was a  after _Genroku_ and before _Shōtoku._ This period started in March 1704 and ended in April 1711. During this time, the emperors were   and .

## Events of the _Hōei_ era

- **11 November 1707** (_Hōei 4, 14th day of the 10th month_): 1707 Hōei earthquake, also called the "Great Hōei Earthquake".
- **16 December 1707** (_Hōei 4, 23nd day of the 11th month_): After the eruption of Mount Fuji, cinders and ash fell like rain in Izu, Kai, Sagami, and Musashi.
- **1708** (_Hōei 5_): The shogunate introduces new copper coins into circulation; and each coin is marked with the _Hōei_ nengō name (_Hōei Tsubo_).
- **28 April 1708** (_Hōei 5, 8th day of the 3rd month_): There was a great fire in Heian-kyō.
- **19 February 1709** (_Hōei 6, 10th day of the 1st month_): Shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi died.
- **1709** (_Hōei 6, 4th month_): Tokugawa Ienobu became the head of the Tokugawa shogunate.
- **7 August 1709** (_Hōei 6, 2nd day of the 7th month_): Emperor Higashiyama abdicated; and his son received the succession (_senso_). Soon after, Emperor Nakamikado's role as monarch was confirmed by ceremonies (_sokui_).
- **16 January 1710** (_Hōei 6, 17th day of the 12th month_): Former-Emperor Higashiyama died.
- **7 July 1710-22 March 1711** (_Hōei 7, 11th day of the 6th month – Shōtoku 1, 4th day of the 2nd month_): Diplomatic mission from Ryukyuan Kingdom was received in Edo.

## Related pages

- Edo period
- Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Hōei|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|8th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1704|1705|1706|1707|1708|1709|1710|1711|
Verdin

The **Verdin** (_Auriparus flaviceps_) is a small bird. It is the only species in the genus _Auriparus_, and the only species in the family found in the New World.

The Verdin is a very small bird. At 4.5 inches in length, it rivals the Bushtit as one of the smallest passerines in North America. It is gray overall, and adults have a bright yellow head and rusty "shoulder patch" (the lesser coverts). Unlike the tits, it has a sharply pointed bill.

Verdins are insectivores. They keep looking among the desert trees and scrubs. They usually live alone except when they pair up to make their nests. They are very friendly birds. Verdins occasionally try to get tidbits of dried sugar water from hummingbird feeders.

Verdins always have and will live in southwestern United States and northern Mexico, ranging from southeastern California to Texas, throughout Baja California and into central Mexico, north of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt.
Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

The **Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt** _(Eje Volcánico Transversal)_ also known as the Transvolcanic Belt and locally as the **Sierra Nevada** (Snowy Mountain Range), is a volcanic belt that extends 900 km from west to east across central-southern Mexico.

Several of its highest peaks have snow all year long, and during clear weather, they can be seen bythose who live in Mexico on the many high plateaus from which these volcanoes rise.
Volcanic belt

A **volcanic belt** is a large volcanically active place.Other terms are used for smaller areas of activity such as volcanic fields. Volcanic belts are found above zones of very high temperature (700-1400°C) where magma is made by melting of rock in the Earth's crust and upper mantle. These areas usually appear along tectonic plate boundaries at depths of 10-50 km.
The biggest volcanic belt is Pacific Ring of Fire
Sikhae

***Sikhae*** is a salted fermented food with grains in Korean cuisine as one of jeotgal. _Sikhae_ is made with various fish, such as flat fish, shellfish, pollack, squid and fish intestines, and cooked grains, such as rice, glutinous rice,  glutinous foxtail millet and nonglutinous millet. _Sikhae_ is less salty than jeotgal because most jeotgal is made with seafood and salt, but _sikhae_ is made with not only the ingredients of jeotgal but also grains, shredded radish, etc. Therefore, _sikhae_ is stored for short-term, while jeotgal is able to be stored for rather long-term because of the large amount of salt.

The types of _sikhae_ can be different, depending on the main ingredients, regions, what the family and the person like. In past times, because of the limited transportation, regions near the sea had more types of _sikhae_ compared to the inland areas. Koreans usually eat this food as a banchan (small dishes of food).

## History (Documentaries on _Sikhae_)

_Sikhae_ was not included in any literature before the early part of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. However, that doesn't mean there was not _sikhae_ and rather it guesses that _sikhae_ was not written down. After the middle of Joseon Dynasty, _sikhae_ have been mentioned in literature.

## Recipe

Sikhae is made with fish, salt, cooked rice, Korean traditional spices, etc. First, wash fishes and put drained fishes with salt in a pot. After about 10 days, take the salted fishes out of the pot, cut them into bite-size pieces and then put them with cooked rice and chili powder in the pot again. Lastly, put shredded radish into the pot after another four days and finally eat _sikhae_ as 10 more days are passing.

## Types

- Gajamisikhae (가자미식해) - gajamisikhae made with flat fish(gajami, 가자미) in Hamgyong-do
- Gajamisikhae is the typical and popular Korean sikhae. It is made mostly in the region of North Korea.
- Dorumooksikhae (도루묵식해) - dorumooksikhae made with sailfin-sandfish(dorumook, 도루묵) in Gangwon-do
- Boogasikhae (북어식해) - boogasikhae made with dried pollack(Booga, 북어) in Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangnam-do
- Mareungogisikhae (마른고기식해) - Mareungogisikhae made with dried squid(mareun ojingeo, 마른 오징어) in Gyeongsang-do
- Yeonansikhae (연안식해) - Yeonansikhae made with the flesh of a shellfish or clam meat(joegaetsal, 조갯살) in Hwanghae-do

## Effects

Sikhae has a lot of effects. First, sikhae, as one of fermented food, is easily digested by creating peptone, peptide, and free amino acid through the process of decomposition of protein and so good nourishing food for patients, the old and the infirm and children. Also, millet, one of ingredients of Sikhae, helps people warm body in the winter when people have cold hands or feet due to the very cold weather.

## Other websites

- Information about _Sikhae_

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: _Sikhae_
- **image**: Gajamisikhae (fermented righteye flounders).jpg
- **caption**: _Gajami-sikhae_ (fermented Pleuronectidae, righteye flounders)
- **country**: Korea
- **national cuisine**: Korean cuisine
- **serving size**: 100 g
- **similar dish**: _Jeotgal_


## Infobox (korean name)

- **title**: Korean name
- **rr**: sikhae
- **mr**: sikhae
Boltzmann constant

- _For the constant pertaining to energy of black body radiation see Stefan–Boltzmann constant_

|Values of _k_|Units|
| --- | --- |
||J K<sup>−1</sup>|
||eV K<sup>−1</sup>|
||erg K<sup>−1</sup>|

The **Boltzmann constant** (_k_ or _k_<sub>B</sub>) is a physical constant. It is defined to be  J/K. It relates the average kinetic energy of a particle in a gas with the temperature of the gas. It is the gas constant _R_ divided by the Avogadro constant _N_<sub>A</sub>:

The Boltzmann constant has SI units of J⋅K<sup>−1</sup> (also written J/K), the same as entropy. It is named after the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann.
December Boys

***December Boys*** is a 2007 Australian movie. It was directed by Rod Hardy and written by Marc Rosenberg. It was taken from the 1963 novel of the same name by Michael Noonan. It was released on 14 September 2007 in the UK and US and 20 September 2007 in Australia. _December Boys_ is Daniel Radcliffe's first non-_Harry Potter_ movie role since 2001's _The Tailor of Panama_.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: December Boys
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Rod Hardy
- **producer**: Richard Becker
- **screenplay**: Marc Rosenberg (screenwriter), Marc Rosenberg
- **story**: Ronald Kinnoch
- **starring**: Daniel Radcliffe
Lee Cormie
Jack Thompson (actor), Jack Thompson
Victoria Hill
Teresa Palmer
- **music**: Carlo Giacco
- **cinematography**: David Connell (cinematographer), David Connell
- **editing**: Dany Cooper
- **distributor**: **International:**
 Becker Group
Village Roadshow Pictures
**United States:**
Warner Independent Pictures
- **runtime**: 105 minutes
- **language**: English
- **gross**: $1,175,579
Anapsid

An **anapsid** is an amniote whose skull does not have openings on the sides behind the eyes. This is
1. A primitive ('basal') condition for early amniotes in the Mississippian (early Carboniferous).
1. A secondary ('derived') condition of some other reptile groups, probably including turtles (Chelonia).

Some other groups were anapsids, such as the mesosaurs.
Bushtit

The **bushtit** (_Psaltriparus minimus_) is a long-tailed tit found in North America. It is the only species in the family found in the New World, and the only member of the genus _Psaltriparus_.

The bushtit lives in mixed open woodlands. It also lives in parks and gardens. It lives in the western United States and highland parts of Mexico all year, ranging from Vancouver through the Great Basin and the lowlands and foothills of California to southern Mexico and Guatemala.

The bushtit is one of the smallest passerines in North America, at 11 cm in length and 5.3 g in weight. It is gray-brown overall, with a large head, a short neck, a long tail, and a short stubby bill. The male has dark eyes and the adult female, yellow.

The bushtit is active and gregarious, searching for small insects and spiders in mixed-species feeding flocks with species such as chickadees and warblers, of 10 to over 40 birds. Members of the group keep making calls to each other that can be described as a short _tsit_.
Duck pond

A **duck pond** is a pond for ducks and other waterfowl. Duck ponds give habitats for water fowl and other birds who use the water to bathe in and drink. Duck ponds usually attract people who come to feed the ducks.
Hoei

**Hoei** may mean:
- Hōei, a Japanese era name (1704-1711)
- 1707 Hōei earthquake
- Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji, most recent event at this active volcano (December 1707-January 1708)
Diapsid

A **diapsid** is a reptile with two fenestrae (holes) behind the eye on each side of its skull. Most reptiles are diapsids, and the condition does not occur in mammals. The function of the holes is to improve jaw movements, and to reduce the weight of the skull. The holes give places for muscle attachment; also, as jaw muscles contract, the holes allow space for the muscles to bulge.

The _Allosaurus_ skull shows the way the skull became lighter in dinosaurs, especially the large theropods. It is here not much more than a series of struts, yet provides massive bite power.

## Euryapsids

Some aquatic reptile groups lost the lower of the two openings, leaving just one behind the eye. This is called the **euryapsid** condition. It is fairly certain that this is secondary, and that the groups were originally diapsids. The groups include:
- Ichthyosaurs
- Plesiosaurs
- Placodonts
World of Tanks

***World of Tanks*** is a team-based massively played multiplayer online game featuring tanks from the World War II era. the 1930s to the 1950s. World of Tanks includes more than 500 armored vehicles from China, the Soviet Union, Germany, the United States, France, Britain, Japan, Italy, Sweden, Poland and Czechoslovakia.  The vehicles have been carefully detailed with historical accuracy. Eventually, there will be around 500 vehicles available in the game. World of Tanks was released on April 12, 2011 in Europe and North America. There has been a mobile version of the game, World of Tanks Blitz
Multiplayer online game

A **Multiplayer Online Game** is a multiplayer video game which can be played over the internet, with other players around the world. Some examples of this are _Battlefield 2_, _Halo 3_, _Counter-Strike_, _Quake 3_, _StarCraft_,  _Call of Duty: Black Ops_, _NBA 2K11_, and the Sega Meganet.

These games are different from MMORPGs because they do not create a persistent world, but create a playing arena for the purpose of a single game or round.
NBA 2K11

***NBA 2K11*** is a basketball video game. It was developed by Visual Concepts and 3K Sports and published by 2K Sports. It was released on October 5, 2010 on Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PSP, PC, while the Wii version came out on October 21, 2010. Retired Chicago Bulls star Michael Jordan is the cover athlete of the game and is featured in the game in different ways. _NBA 2K11_ is the successor to _NBA 2K10_ and is succeeded by _NBA 2K12_.

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Visual Concepts
- **publisher**: 2K Sports
- **series**: _NBA 2K_
- **genre**: Sports game, Sports
- **released**: **Wii:**

- **platforms**: Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Wii
Heydar Aliyev International Airport

**Heydar Aliyev International Airport** (IATA: **GYD**, ICAO: **UBBB**) is the international airport in Azerbaijan. It is 20 km (12 mi) northeast of the capital city Baku. The airport is the home of Azerbaijan Airlines (AZAL).

Runways: 2,700x60m (8,858 ft) Asphalt, 3,200x45m (10,499 ft) Asphalt/Concrete

## Other websites

- Heydar Aliyev International Airport Renovation Project
- Baku International Airport Official Website
Doug Hutchison

**Doug Hutchison** (born 26 May 1960) is an  American actor. He was in the _X-Files_ and _The Green Mile_.  He owns the production company Dark Water Inc.Hutchison was born in Dover, Delaware, the son of Deloris and Richard Hutchison.

## Personal life

On May 20, 2011, Hutchison married Courtney Alexis Stodden (born August 29, 1994) in Las Vegas, Nevada. Stodden is Hutchison's third wife.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1988|_Fresh Horses_|Sproles||
|_The Chocolate War_|Obie Jameson|||
|1992|_The Lawnmower Man_|Security Tech|Minor role|
|1993–1994|_The X-Files_|Eugene Victor Tooms|TV series; episodes "Squeeze", "Tooms"|
|1995|_Space: Above and Beyond_|Elroy-El|TV series; episodes recurring|
|1996|_A Time To Kill_|James Louis 'Pete' Willard||
|_Love Always_|James|||
|1997|_Con Air_|Donald||
|1999|_The Green Mile_|Percy Wetmore|Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture - Drama|
|2000|_Shaft_|Plane door opener||
|_Bait_|Bristol|||
|2001|_I Am Sam_|Ifty||
|2002|_The Salton Sea_|Gus Morgan||
|_CSI: Crime Scene Investigation_|Nigel Crane|TV series; "Stalker"||
|_No Good Deed_|Hoop|||
|2004|_CSI: Miami_|Dale Stahl|TV series; episode "Slow Burn"|
|_Law & Order: Special Victims Unit_|Humphrey Becker|TV series; episode "Scavenger"||
|2006–2007|_Kidnapped_|Schroeder / James Devere|TV series; episodes "Pilot", "Special Delivery", "Sorry, Wrong Number", "Number One with a Bullet", "Burn, Baby, Burn", "My Heart Belongs to Daddy", "Front Page", "Mutiny"|
|2007–2009|_Moola_|J.T. Montgomery||
|_Lost_|Horace Goodspeed|TV series; episodes "The Man Behind the Curtain", "Cabin Fever", "LaFleur", "He's Our You", "Whatever Happened, Happened", "Some Like It Hoth", "Follow the Leader"||
|2008|_The Burrowers_|Henry Victor||
|_Punisher: War Zone_|James Russoti / Looney Bin Jim|||
|_Days of Wrath_|Vadim|||
|2009|_Give 'em Hell, Malone_|Matchstick||
|2010|_24_|Davros|TV series|
|2011|_Lie to Me_|Lane Bradley|TV series; episode "Gone"|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Doug Hutchison
- **birthname**: Doug Anthony Hutchison
- **birth place**: Dover, Delaware, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1988–2015
- **spouse**: Amanda Sellers (m. 2003 – 2005; divorced)
Courtney Stodden (m. 2011 - present)
Weapons of World War I

Major advances were made to weapon technology during World War I.  There were better grenades, flame thrower<nowiki/>s,  poison gas, and artillery. The submarine, warplane and the tank were new weapons.

Both sides used a much better heavy machine gun than they had used before in Europe. Four to six people worked one. They fired 400 to 600 bullets per minute. The machine guns got too hot and needed water on them. This kind of  gun was invented in 1884 by Hiram Maxim. The German version was the MG08. The British used the Vickers machine gun, which was very safe and easy to use.  The machine guns changed how war went; and killed many soldiers.  Because they sometimes got too hot, they could be slow. In case that one of the crew of the machine gun were shot, the whole squad were trained to fill their spot. As the war progressed, more machine gun<nowiki/>s were used in trench warfare in combination with barbed wire defensive positions, making them the most deadly weapon on the battle field.

The normal British army rifle was the Lee Enfield 0.303. This was made in 1907 by James Lee. The Lee Enfield could fire twelve bullets per minute. The Germans used the Mauser rifle made in 1898 by Paul Mauser. This was an excellent rifle, but it only held five bullets.
Yume Nikki

is a PC game. It was made in 2007 by a Japanese game creator named Kikiyama. It was created using RPG Maker 2003. It is about a girl named  who has odd dreams when she falls asleep.

The game is known for its strange and sometimes scary content, such as an alien who plays piano and a girl who sometimes turns into a monster when you turn off the light.

The game is free, and the official English version was put on Steam.

## Gameplay

Madotsuki lives alone in a small apartment with a bed, an old game console, and a desk where she writes a diary of her dreams. The player controls Madotsuki and can move her using the arrow keys. If you make her go to sleep by interacting with the bed, she goes into a dream version of her room. From there, you can make her explore 12 different dream worlds by going through doors that are in a large, dark place north of her room. From these worlds, other dream worlds can be accessed.

To beat the game, the player has to find all 24 "effects" that are hidden in Madotsuki's dreams. Effects cause a change to Madotsuki, like turning her into a witch or making her small. The player can drop them in the main dream area, where they turn into egg-like objects. When they wake up, there is a step-ladder on Madotsuki’s balcony. Walking off it makes Madotsuki jump off the building to her likely death, ending the game.

## Other websites

- Yume Nikki & KIKIYAMA's Official Website

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Yume Nikki
- **state**: Complete
- **image**: Yume Nikki Logo.svg
- **display**: 4:3, 640 x 480
- **developer**: Kikiyama
- **engine**: RPG Maker 2003
- **released**: 2007
- **genre**: Art game, Adventure Game, Exploration game, Role-playing game, RPG
- **modes**: Single-player
- **platforms**: Microsoft Windows, Windows
Suncheon

**Suncheon** is  a city in South Korea. It belongs to Jeollanam-do. 70% of Suncheon  is composed of mountains and the city has the greatest number of mountains in the province. The average temperature for the year is 12.5℃. The average temperature in January is -0.5℃ and the average temperature in August is 25.2℃. Since Suncheon fronts the southern sea, the city is relatively warm during the winter by the effect of oceanic climate.

Suncheon is famous among Korean travelers due to its beautiful tourist attractions and local food of great taste. Among many spots, Suncheon bay is the most well-known. It was selected as one of the top 5 coastal wetlands in the world. The large mud flat stretches out and several kinds of birds and other living creatures live there. Also, the wide field of reeds along the waterside forms magnificent view. The Suncheon bay reeds festival is held every October and it gets great reputation.

Since the city is located near to the sea, dishes made of diverse fresh fish highly attract those who visit Suncheon. Especially, thanks to the well-protected ecological environment, mudskippers which exist usually in the very clean mud flat are seen in the Suncheon bay. They are used  for cooking in Suncheon and the dish is  very famous for its greater taste than any other region in the country.
Dean Edwards

**Dean Edwards** (born July 30, 1970) is an American actor and comedian. Edwards joined the cast of _Saturday Night Live_ in 2001. He created several impressions. These include Michael Jackson, Wayne Brady, Chris Tucker, Don Cheadle, Colin Powell, Serena Williams, Nipsey Russell, Denzel Washington, Grace Jones, and Billy Ocean. Chris Tucker was Edwards' first impression. This was also the an impression done by Jay Pharoah on his first _SNL_ episode on September 25, 2010. Even though Edwards was very good at impressions, he was not used much during his time working on the program. He left after the program's 28th season. He said it was because of creative differences. He also appeared in _Tony N' Tina's Wedding_, _The Sopranos_, _Robotomy_, and _Scared Shrekless_. In _Scared Shrekless_ and _Thriller Night_, he voiced the part of Donkey.

Many feel that Edwards voice and style is very similar to that of Eddie Murphy.

On YouTube, Edwards currently has his own channel known as "deanedwardscomedy".

## Other websites

- Official website
- Dailycomedy.com

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dean Edwards
- **image**: Dean Edwards2.jpeg
- **caption**: Edwards in 2007
- **birth place**: The Bronx, New York City, New York, United States, USA
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **occupation**: Actor, comedian
- **spouse**: Tracy Walters (January 2004-?)
- **children**: 2 children
Shōtoku (era)

was a  after _Hōei_ and before _Kyōhō._  This period started in April 1711 and ended in June 1716.  During this time, the emperor was .

The _nengō_ _Shōtoku_ means "Correct Virtue".

## Events of the _Shōtoku_ Era

- **1711** (_Shōtoku 1_): An ambassador from Korea was received at Court.
- **12 November 1712** (_Shōtoku 2, 14th day of the 10th month_): Shogun Tokugawa Ienobu died.
- **1713** (_Shōtoku 3_): Tokugawa Ietsugu became the 7th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate.
- **1714** (_Shōtoku 4_): The shogunate introduced new gold and silver coins into circulation.
- **1714** (_Shōtoku 4_): The poet Nozawa Bonchō died.
- **20 April 1715** (_Shōtoku 5, 17th day of the 3rd month_): The 100th anniversary of the death of Tokugawa Ieyasu was celebrated.

## Related pages

- Edo period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Shōtoku|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1711|1712|1713|1714|1715|1716|
Ice storm

**Ice storms** are weather phenomena caused by freezing rain. The falling rain comes into contact with surfaces and turns into a thin sheet of ice. Ice storms cause accidents, take power lines down and cause serious damage.

## Formation

It starts with a layer of warmer (not freezing) air above a layer of huge-freezing temperatures lower down. Frozen precipitation melts to rain while falling into the warm air layer, and then begins to refreeze in the cold layer below.
1. If the precipitate refreezes while still in the air, it will land on the ground as sleet.
1. Or, the liquid droplets continue to fall without freezing. They pass through the cold air just above the surface. This thin layer of air cools the rain to a temperature below freezing (), but the drops themselves do not freeze. This is a phenomenon called supercooling.
When the supercooled drops strike ground or anything else below  (e.g. power lines, tree branches, aircraft), a layer of ice builds up, hence "freezing rain".
Miguel Cabrera

**José Miguel Cabrera Torres**, commonly known as **Miguel Cabrera**, is a former baseball player who played for the Detroit Tigers and Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was born on April 18, 1983 in Maracay, _Venezuela_. He is a first baseman and a right-handed player; he bats and throws right-handed.  At the beginning of his career, he was a third baseman.  Cabrera is regarded as one of the best batters of all time - he currently holds the highest batting average among active players and is 2nd among active players in career home runs.

## Games

Cabrera has played a total of 2,226 games and compiled .317 average with 462 homers and 1,613 RBIs from 2003 to 2017. He is a seven-time Silver Slugger Award winner. Also, he was an American League (AL) Home run leader in 2008, a AL RBI Champion in 2010, a AL leading hitter in 2011.  In 2012, Cabrera won the AL Triple Crown, leading the league in home runs, RBI and average.  He won the 2012 AL MVP.  In 2013, he improved on the previous year's performance, and won a second AL MVP.

## Popularity

Also, Cabrera is a popular MLB player. He is an 11-time All Star. He was a National League All Star in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and an AL All Star every year from 2010 to 2016. He is nicknamed ***'Miggy***' by his fans.

Cabrera is well known for his ability to drive pitches.  He hits for power to all fields, and is able to hit every type of pitch.

Cabrera's wife is named Rosangel. They have two daughters and one son. Cabrera and his family live in Birmingham, Michigan.

## References

- Batting stats at Baseball-reference.com. Retrieved December 13, 2011.
- Biography.  Jockbio.com. Retrieved December 13, 2011.
Heterojunction bipolar transistor

The **heterojunction bipolar transistor** (**HBT**) is  a type of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) which uses different semiconductor materials for the emitter and base regions, making a heterojunction. The HBT  can handle signals of much higher frequencies, (up to several hundred GHz) than BJT. HBT is commonly used in modern ultrafast circuits, mostly radio-frequency (RF) systems, and in applications requiring a high power efficiency, such as RF power amplifiers in mobile  phones. The idea of using a heterojunction is as old as the conventional BJT, dating back to a patent from 1951.

## Materials

The principal difference between the BJT and HBT is in the use of different semiconductor materials for the emitter and base regions, making a heterojunction. This limits the injection of holes from the base into the emitter region, since the potential barrier in the valence band is higher than in the conduction band. Unlike BJT technology, this allows a high doping density to be used in the base. The high doping density reduces the base resistance while maintaining gain. The efficiency of the heterojunction is measured by the Kroemer factor.

## Other websites

- HBT Optoelectronic Circuits developed in the Technion (15Mb, 230p)
- New Material Structure Produces World's Fastest Transistor  604 GHz Early 2005
Wet chemistry

**Wet chemistry** studies chemical reactions that occur in the liquid phase. It is also called **bench chemistry** because many of the tests performed are done at a lab bench.

## Materials

Wet chemistry uses laboratory glassware, such as beakers and flasks, without quantitative chemical analysis using instrumentation. Many high school and college laboratories teach students basic wet chemistry methods.

## History

Before the age of theoretical and computational chemistry, it was the main form of scientific discovery in the chemical field. So, some people call wet chemistry **classic chemistry** or **classical chemistry**. Today's society and quality control requirements need a high volume of wet chemistry. So, many wet chemistry methods have been automated and computerized for faster analysis.

## Uses

Wet chemistry techniques can be used for qualitative chemical measurements, such as changes in color (colorimetry), but often involves more quantitative chemical measurements, using methods such as gravimetry and titrimetry. Some uses for wet chemistry include tests for:

- pH (acidity, alkalinity)
- concentration
- conductivity (Specific Conductance)
- cloud point (nonionic surfactants)
- hardness
- solids or dissolved solids
- salinity
- specific gravity
- density
- turbidity
- viscosity
- moisture (Karl Fischer titration)

Wet chemistry is also used in environmental chemistry settings and is used for to test:

- Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
- Chemical Oxygen Demand
- eutrophication
- coating identification

It can also involve the elemental analysis of samples, e.g., water sources, for items like:

- Ammonia Nitrogen
- Chloride
- Chromium
- Cyanide
- dissolved Oxygen
- Fluoride
- Nitrogen
- Nitrate
- Phenols
- Phosphate
- Phosphorus
- Silica
- Sulfate, Sulfide

## Other websites

- Wet Chemistry Lab Photo
Placodont

**Placodonts** were a group of Triassic marine reptiles which had heavy flat teeth. These teeth were used for crushing shellfish. Placodonts are in the Order Sauropterygia, the group that includes Plesiosaurs. Placodonts were mostly between  in length, up to a maximum  long. They are found in marine sediments of the Middle and Upper Triassic, 235–250 million years ago.

The first specimen was discovered in 1830, and the group was very widely distributed. Shellfish were common throughout the Mesozoic period, but this group of shellfish-eaters went extinct at the end of the Triassic. They were clearly a victim of some event which disturbed their lifestyle. The end-Triassic had several extinction events which are not well understood.

## Palaeobiology

The earliest forms like ***Placodus***, in the early to middle Triassic, looked rather barrel-shaped. Later placodonts had bony plates on their backs which protected their bodies while they were feeding.

By the Upper Triassic, these plates had grown so that some placodonts of the time looked like the sea turtles of modern day.  Other placodonts developed plates that resembled the shells of horseshoe crabs and trilobites rather than those of sea turtles. These adaptations are examples of convergent evolution.

Because of their dense bone and heavy armour plating, these creatures would have been too heavy to float in the ocean. They would have used a lot of energy to reach the water surface. For this reason, and because of the type of sediment found with the fossils, it is suggested placodonts lived in shallow waters and not in deep oceans.

### Feeding

The placodonts ate shellfish. Their front teeth stuck out: they would be used to dig up the shellfish, and pull them from any attachment to the ground. Inside their mouth, the teeth were large and flat: they were used to crush the shells.

- "Spade-like incisors at the front, for snipping and scraping oysters from the rocks; and broad circular back teeth that acted as a pounding board to crush the shells, before the flesh was swallowed". Benton.<sup>p119</sup>

Their diet consisted of marine bivalves, brachiopods, and other invertebrates.
Becoming Jane

***Becoming Jane*** is a movie directed by Julian Jarrold in 2007. The setting of this movie is Hampshire, England in the 1700s. The movie’s story was based on a fictional biography written by Jon Spence. Anne Hathaway played Jane Austen. James McAvoy played Thomas Lefroy. This movie won the 2007 People's Choice Award for "Favorite Independent Movie". It was nominated for 2008 Ivor Novello Award for Best Original Film Score.

## Plot

Jane (played by Anne Hathaway) is a writer. She lives in a rural area. Her father is a pastor of small church. Her family is poor. She is under a lot of stress since her mother wants her to marry Mr. Wisley (Laurence Fox). He is the nephew of the wealthy Lady Gresham (Maggie Smith).

Meanwhile, Thomas Lefroy (played by James McAvoy) is working with his uncle as a lawyer in London. He is ordered to go Hampshire due to his dissipated life. When they meet the first time, Tom criticizes Jane’s works and she becomes angry about that. Both of them have hostile feelings toward each other. However, the feelings changes into affection as they meet several times. Finally they decide to marry. With a lot of expectation, they visits Tom’s uncle Judge Langlois. The uncle does not approve of the marriage due to Jane’s poverty. They break up, but since they love each other deeply, they elope. But after knowing about the fact that Tom is the only hope of his family, Jane gives up their elopement and leaves to go home.

Twenty years later, Jane becomes famous writer and after a gathering, Jane and Tom meet again. There, Tom is with his daughter who likes Jane’s book a lot. His daughter asks Jane to read the novel. To stop her Tom called his daughter’s name – Jane. Knowing that Tom named his daughter after her, Jane accepts her request and reads her book, _Pride and Prejudice_.
Pororo the Little Penguin

***Pororo the Little Penguin*** () is a Korean animated children's television series planned by Iconix Entertainment. Each season has 52 episodes and three seasons have been aired in South Korea until now. The series was ran since November 27, 2003 on the Korean channel, EBS. About 110 countries imported Pororo and aired it. Pororo is so loved by children in South Korea, and he is perceived as an idol of children, so he is called Bbo-tong-ryung () which means president Pororo.

## Characters

- **Pororo** - The main character of this animation. He is little blue penguin. He always acts on impulse, because he is very curious. He is obsessed about unusual stuff. He enjoys adventures and challenges.
- **Crong** - A little dinosaur who is found in the snow. He is a troublemaker. He wants to know many things and do many things.
- **Eddy** - A little fox who wants to be a scientist. He invents many things that cause problems. He shows off himself and his inventions.
- **Rody** - A robot who is strong. He has arms and legs stretch. Eddy made Rody, imitating before.
- **Poby** - A big polar bear. He is so kind that he is always there to help his friends when they are in trouble.
- **Tongtong** - A little dragon who has magical powers. He can fly and transform before. He appears in the animation from the third season.
- **Loopy** - A little beaver. She is a crybaby who is very timid. However, she is nice to her friends and takes care of them.
- **Petty** - A little female penguin. She is good at sports although bad at cooking.
- **Harry** - A little bird who is pleasant. Even though he is tone-deaf, he enjoys singing. He always brightens up the atmosphere.
- **Popo and Pipi** - Funny aliens. Popo is timid and feminine, and Pipi is eager and outgoing.
Queen Seondeok of Silla

**Queen Seondeok of Silla** (606 – 8 January 647) was 27th ruler of Silla, one of the three ancient kingdoms of Korea. She was a daughter of King Jinpyeong and Lady Maya of the Kim clan. Because King Jinpyeong did not have any sons, Queen Seondeok became the first female ruler in Korean history after her father died. Besides the name Seondeok, she was also called **Sung-Jo Hwang-Go** which means "sacred and dedicated queen".

Queen Seondeok was an intelligent and capable ruler who established the foundation of Silla's unity of Korea peninsula. She ruled her kingdom wisely and improved her people’s life. Also, she made a lot of effort to accept advanced culture of ancient China by sending international students and monks. The star-gazing tower named Cheomseongdae and wooden tower with nine floors in Hwangnyongsa temple are the results of her effort.

According to some legend (in Korean history book _Samguk Sagi_) related to her, Queen Seondeok had great intuition and foresight. She noticed where the enemy was hiding by natural phenomena, predicted many incidents before it happened, and even knew when she would die a couple of days ago and left her will before death. Because of her extraordinary and heroic life, many Korean people make novels, plays, musicals and so on till now.

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Seondeok
- **title**: Queen regnant, Queen of Silla
- **reign**: 632 – 647 (15 years)
- **coronation**: 632
- **birth date**: 595~610
- **death date**: 17 February 647/January 8, Lunar Calendar
- **death place**: Silla
- **predecessor**: Jinpyeong of Silla
- **successor**: Jindeok of Silla
- **father**: Jinpyeong of Silla
- **mother**: Queen Maya of Silla


## Infobox (korean name)

- **rr**: Seondeok yeowang, also Seondeok wang
- **mr**: Sŏndŏk yŏwang, also Sŏndŏk wang
- **hangul**: 선덕여왕, also 선덕왕
- **hanja**: 善德女王, also 善德王
Styx Records

**Styx Records** is an Austrian record label. It was founded in 1999  by the former drummer of theMojo Blues Band, Peter Müller. The label focuses on blues, rhythm&blues and boogie woogie from Austria.

## Artists

- Mojo Blues Band;
- Frank Muschalle Trio;
- Vince Weber;
- Martin Pyrker;
- Andreas Sobczyk;
- Siggi Fassl;
- Norbert Schneider’s R&B Caravan;
- Henning Pertiet Trio;

## Other websites

- Styx Records Homepage with samples from the labels records
Disability Discrimination Act 1995

The **Disability Discrimination Act 1995** (c 50) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which has now been repealed and replaced by the Equality Act 2010 (http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents), except in Northern Ireland where the Act still applies. Formerly, it made it unlawful to discriminate against people in respect of their disabilities in relation to employment, the provision of goods and services, education and transport.

## Infobox (uk legislation)

- **short title**: Disability Discrimination Act 1995
- **parliament**: Parliament of the United Kingdom
- **long title**: ...
- **statute book chapter**: 1995 c 50
- **territorial extent**: England and Wales; Scotland
- **royal assent**: 1995
- **repeal date**: 1st October 2010 (England and Wales; Scotland).
- **repealing legislation**: Equality Act 2010
- **status**: Repealed except in Northern Ireland.
- **original text**: http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1995/ukpga_19950050_en_1
- **activetextdocid**: http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/legResults.aspx?LegType=All+Legislation&title=Disability+Discrimination+Act+1995&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&TYPE=QS&NavFrom=0&activeTextDocId=3330327&PageNumber=1&SortAlpha=0
Pachypleurosaur

**Pachypleurosaurs** were primitive sauropterygian reptiles that vaguely resembled aquatic lizards, and were limited to the Triassic period.  They were long animals, ranging in size from 20 cm to about four metres in length, with small heads, long necks, paddle-like limbs, and long deep tails.  The limb girdles are greatly reduced, so it is unlikely these animals could move about on land.  The widely spaced peg-like teeth project at the front of the jaws, indicate that these animals fed on fish.

Pachypleurosaurs are usually included among the Nothosaurs.
Harrington Hump

The **Harrington Hump** is a modular and easy-to-install system by which the height of a railway platform can be increased at relatively low cost. The system takes its name from the Harrington railway station, which was the location of the first production version. Harrington Humps are slowly being installed on other UK railway stations.
Seven Sisters Road

**Seven Sisters Road** is a road in north London, England. The road runs within the boroughs of Islington, Hackney and Haringey. It is an extension of Camden Road, and runs from Holloway Road (the A1 road) at the Nags Head crossroads then on to another crossroads with Blackstock Road and Stroud Green Road. It carries on uphill alongside Finsbury Park to Manor House, and from there downhill to the junction with Tottenham High Road (the A10 road) at Seven Sisters Corner. The road was authorised in 1829 and constructed in 1833 by the Metropolitan Turnpike Trust. Seven Sisters Road is part of the A503. The stretch running past Finsbury Park is open to the park on the west side, and on the east side are large Victorian villas now used mainly as hotels.
Indigo bunting

The **indigo bunting** (_Passerina cyanea_) is a small seed-eating bird. It is migratory. Its range is from southern Canada to northern Florida during the breeding season, and from southern Florida to northern South America during the winter. It often migrates by night, using the stars to navigate. Its habitat is farmland, brush areas, and open woodland. The indigo bunting is closely related to the lazuli bunting.

The indigo bunting is a small bird, with a length of 11.5–13 cm (4.5–5 in). The male is a vibrant blue in the summer and a brown color during the winter months, while the female is brown year-round. The male displays brightly colored plumage during the breeding season to attract a mate. Nest-building and incubation are done solely by the female.  The diet of the indigo bunting is insects during the summer months and seeds during the winter months.