juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Cleveland

**Cleveland** is a city in northern Eastern Ohio, United States. It is home to over 400,000 people. It was named for General Moses Cleaveland in 1796, but according to legend a mistake in a local newspaper left out the first "a" in its name, which is why it is spelt like it is today. Its metropolitan area makes it the largest urban division in the state.

During the 19th century, Cleveland's location at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River and Great Lakes port helped make it an important industrial center of the central United States. During World War II, the city became a center of manufacturing and industry, but deindustrialization caused a decline after that. Cleveland had a major revival in the 1980s and 1990s: The Playhouse Square theaters were restored, new skyscrapers like the BP Building and the Key Tower were built, new stadiums were built, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was opened on the lakefront. After a smaller decline in the 2000s, Cleveland has begun to make another comeback.

Cleveland is home to the Great Lakes Brewing Company and Cleveland Orchestra.

Many professional sports teams make their home in or near Cleveland. They include the Cleveland Indians, who play baseball; the Cleveland Browns, who play football; and the Cleveland Cavaliers, who play basketball. Both the Indians and the Cavaliers have their games at the Gateway District in Downtown while the Browns have a stadium on the shores of Lake Erie. The city's sports teams are known for having not won a major championship from the 1964 NFL Championship Game to the 2016 NBA Finals. The city also hosted the Cleveland Grand Prix IndyCar race until 2008.

## Economy

In the past, Cleveland's economy relied on steel mills and manufacturing. Both are still a major part of the city today, but heavy industry in the area is much smaller than it once was. The city is known today for being a big center for medicine and medical technology, and the Cleveland Clinic is one of the most important hospital systems in the country.

Some major large companies are headquartered in the city, including Sherwin Williams Paint, Cliffs Natural Resources, and Key Bank.

## Culture

Cleveland is a big center for the performing arts, and is the home of Playhouse Square, the second largest theater district in the United States (the largest is Lincoln Center). The complex was built in the 1920s, and after being closed down were restored and reopened in the 1980s.

The Cleveland Orchestra is considered one of the world's finest, and is one of the "Big Five" in the United States. It plays at Severance Hall, in the University Circle neighborhood. It has a major rock music scene, and is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, which is located on the lake in a building designed by IM Pei, a famous architect.

A diverse city, it has vibrant Italian, Irish, African American, Polish, Hungarian, Slovak, Czech, Puerto Rican, Romanian, Jewish, Croatian, and Greek communities, among many others.

## Other websites

- City Of Cleveland Home Page
- Greater Cleveland Convention and Visitors Bureau
- Encyclopedia Of Cleveland History
- Cleveland, Ohio Citizendium
Lexus

is a luxury car line produced by the Toyota company. Its worldwide motto is _"The Pursuit of Perfection __ slogan in the United States is _"The Passionate Pursuit of Perfection"''. 1989

## Current Vehicles

|rowspan="2"|Body style|colspan="3"|Model|colspan="3"|Current generation|rowspan="2" class="unsortable" width=30% cellpadding=30px|Vehicle description|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1998|XE30|2013|2021|D-segment/compact executive sedan. Also marketed as the Toyota Altezza in Japan until 2005.||||
|1989|XZ10|2018|2021|E-segment/executive sedan based on the Toyota Camry until the 2013 model year, later Toyota Avalon.||||
|1989|XF50|2017|2020|F-segment/full-size luxury sedan. Also marketed as the Toyota Celsior in Japan until 2006.||||
|2014|XC10|2014|2018|Compact executive coupe that shares its platform with the Lexus IS.||||
|2017|Z100|2017|–|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive four-seater grand tourer coupe and convertible that shares its platform with the Lexus LS.||||
|2023|AY10|2023|–|Subcompact luxury crossover SUV that shares its platform with the Toyota Yaris Cross.||||
|2018|ZA10|2018|–|Subcompact luxury crossover SUV that shares its platform with the Toyota C-HR and Corolla Cross.||||
|2014|AZ20|2021|–|Compact luxury crossover SUV that shares its platform with the Toyota RAV4.||||
|1998|ALA10/ ALH10|2022|–|Two-row mid-size luxury crossover SUV that shares its platform with the Toyota Highlander.||||
|2022|EB10|2022|–|Battery electric two-row mid-size luxury crossover SUV that shares the e-TNGA platform with the Toyota bZ4X.||||
|2023|AU10|2023|–|Three-row full-size luxury crossover that shares its platform with the Toyota Grand Highlander. Available exclusively for the North American market.||||
|2002|J250|2023|–|Mid-size luxury SUV that shares its platform with the Toyota Land Cruiser Prado.||||
|1995|J310|2021|–|Full-size luxury SUV based on the Toyota Land Cruiser.||||
|2020|AW10|2023|–|Three-row luxury minivan based on the Toyota Alphard.||||

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Lexus
- **logo alt**: Oval-shaped logo with the letter 'L', above the stylistic Lexus wordmark
- **type**: Division (business), Division
- **industry**: Automotive
- **founder**: Eiji Toyoda
- **location**: Nagoya, Japan
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **services**: Financial services, Automotive financing
- **parent**: Toyota, Toyota Motor Corporation
- **brands**: Lexus F, F marque
- **homepage**: [https://discoverlexus.com/lexus-in-your-region Official sites]
Against

**Against** can mean:
- in an opposite direction - _walking against the wind_
- in front, touching, or resting  - _The man was standing against the tree._
- in opposition - _against all odds_
- in competition - _The boy played chess against his father._
- touching with strong force - _Ocean waves crash against the swimmer._
- as a protection from - _She used an umbrella against the strong rain._

## Other meanings

- ***Against*** was the seventh album by Brazilian thrash metal band Sepultura. It came out in 1998 from Roadrunner Records.
Dentition

**Dentition** is the development of teeth and where the teeth are in the mouth. Almost all mammals have up to four different types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Animals that have different types of teeth are called **"heterodont"**. If they do not, they are called **"homodont"**.

In mammals, the young have a set of **primary teeth** (milk teeth) that fall out after a few years. When they fall out, adult teeth grow in. Animals that have milk teeth and adult teeth are called **diphyodont**.

## Archaeology

Dentition is important in archaeology. Dentition is used to study human migration. Tooth enamel contains trace elements which show where they grew.

## Related pages

- Teeth
- Dental formula

## References

- Adovasion J. M. and David Pedler. 2005. _The peopling of North America_. North American Archaeology. Blackwell, Oxford. 35-36.

## Other websites

- Colorado State's dentition page
Plectrum

A **plectrum** or **pick** is a small object used to play certain types of string instruments. The plectrum is held in the hand and used to pluck a string. This makes a hard, metallic, "twangy" sound. The instruments most commonly plucked include the guitar, lute and mandolin. The strings of a harpsichord are also plucked, although the plectra in this instrument are called "jacks". They pluck the string when the player presses a key down.
Danny Barker

**Danny Barker** (January 13, 1909 – March 13, 1994) was a New Orleans jazz singer-songwriter and musician.
Charlie Christian

**Charles Henry "Charlie" Christian** (July 29, 1916 – March 2, 1942) was an American jazz guitarist. Christian is best known as one of the first famous guitarists to play the electric guitar. He is also remembered as one of the first musicians to help create the styles of jazz music known as _"bebop"_ and _"cool jazz."_

## Career

Christian first gained fame as a member of the Benny Goodman Orchestra. He played with Goodman from August 1939 to June 1941. He was very good at playing many notes up and down on a sinle guitar string. By playing his guitar through an amplifier his guitar solos made the guitar very loud in the band.

## Death

Christian died in March 1942 when he was only 26 years old. He had been sick with tuberculosis for several years before he died.

Even though he was jazz guitarist who died before the music style rock and roll was started, he was still a large influence on rock and roll musicians. It was because of this that in 1990 Charlie Christian was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame even though he had never played rock and roll music.

## Legacy

Charles Henry Christian was raised in Oklahoma City in the American state of Oklahoma. In 2006 Oklahoma City renamed a street to _"Charlie Christian Avenue."_ There is also a yearly jazz music festival in Oklahoma City which is named after Charlie Christian.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Charlie Christian
- **image**: Charlie Christian.jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Charles Henry Christian
- **birth place**: Bonham, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: Staten Island, New York
- **genre**: Jazz, swing music, swing
- **occupation**: Musician
- **instrument**: Guitar
- **associated acts**: Benny Goodman
Franco Cerri

**Franco Cerri** (January 29, 1926 – October 18, 2021) was an Italian jazz guitar player.

Cerri was seen as the most authoritative Italian guitarist in the jazz field, and his innate sympathy has meant that many viewers, seeing its shares on TV (especially in the 60s), come close to jazz, and studying guitar.

Much appreciated at the international level, has worked with notable musicians such as Django Reinhardt, Gorni Kramer, Chet Baker, Gerry Mulligan, Billie Holiday, Stéphane Grappelli, Lee Konitz, Dizzy Gillespie, Tullio De Piscopo, Pino Presti, Jean-Luc Ponty.

Cerri died on 18 October 2021 in Milan, Italy, at the age of 95.

### Albums

- 1952 - _The Franco Cerri Quintet_, with Flavio Ambrosetti
- 1958 - _Jazzin' with Cerri_
- 1959 - _Franco Cerri and his European Jazz Stars_, with Lars Gullin, Flavio Ambrosetti, George Gruntz,  Karl Theodor Geier, Pierre Favre
- 1960 - _Franco Cerri Quartet_
- 1960 - _Franco Cerri Quartet and Choristers_
- 1961 - _Franco Cerri International Jazz Meeting_
- 1963 - _Bossa nova_ (Columbia, QPX 8043)
- 1964 - _Chitarra, QPX 8059)
- 1966 - _12 bacchette per una chitarra_
- 1968 - _La sera a casa con te_ (Compagnia Generale del Disco CGD, POP 73)
- 1970 - _Franco Cerri Jazz_ (Dire, FO 338)
- 1973 - _Metti una sera Cerri_ (Music, LPM 2012; with Nando De Luca, Pino Presti and Tullio De Piscopo)
- 1974 - _From Cathetus to Cicero_, with Stefano Cerri and Gianluigi Trovesi
- 1975 - _A Limen_
- 1975 - _Querce platani e cerri_
- 1976 - _Nuages_ (Dischi Ricordi)
- 1976 - _Franco, Tony e Pompeo_ (Mallobia, LP 003; with Tony Scott and Bunny Foy)
- 1977 - _Un suo modo di dire_ (Dire, FO 347)
- 1978 - _Noi duero_
- 1979 - _Demoiselle_
- 1981 - _Omaggio a Bill Evans_ (Dire, FO 361; with Enrico Intra and Lucio Terzano)
- 1982 - _Effetto Alfa_
- 1984 - _Franco Cerri Today!_ (Dire, FO 372)
- 1985 - _From Milan to Frankfurt_
- 1990 - _Jazz in Italy_ (with Enrico Intra quartet; Ariston Records, ARJ/701)
- 1990 - _Di jazz in jazz_ (Dire, FO386)
- 1993 - _Cerri & Cerri_
- 1995 - _A Django, en souvenir de Milan_
- 1997 - _From Milan to Brussels_
- 1998 - _Images_
- 1999 - _Di Jazz in Cerri...di Cerri in Jazz_
- 2000 - _In punta di Cerri_
- 2003 - _From Cathetus to Cicero_ (re-edit - CD)
- 2004 - _Ieri & oggi_ (re-edit of _Metti Una sera Cerri_ + bonus tracks - CD)
- 2006 - _Just Smile_ (host)
- 2011 - _Bossa with Strings_ (Blue Serge)
- 2012 - _Cerrimedioatutto'' (M.A.P. Golden Jazz)
Eddie Condon

**Albert Edwin "Eddie" Condon** (November 16, 1905 – August 4, 1973) was a Chicago jazz/big band rhythm guitarist.
Al Di Meola

**Al Laurence Di Meola** (born July 22, 1954) is a Jazz fusion guitarist. He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Al Di Meola
- **image**: Al Di Meola 2006 1.jpg
- **image size**: 250
- **landscape**: yes
- **caption**: Al Di Meola at the Granada Theater (Dallas), Granada Theater, Dallas, Texas, December 6, 2006
- **birth name**: Albert Laurence Di Meola
- **birth place**: Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.
- **instrument**: Guitar
- **years active**: 1974 – present
- **discography**: Al Di Meola discography
- **past member of**: Return to Forever
Hurricane Katrina

**Hurricane Katrina** was one of the deadliest hurricanes to ever hit the United States and the second Category 5 hurricane of the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.

## Storm history

The storm formed over the Bahamas on August 23, where it moved west and hit south Florida as a Category 1 hurricane two days later. Katrina then crossed over Florida and strengthened into a Category 5 hurricane moving west in the Gulf of Mexico.

The storm then turned north, had an eyewall replacement cycle, and hit east Louisiana and Mississippi, flooding coastal areas on the morning of August 29.

The leftovers of Katrina then died out over the Great Lakes on August 31.

## Impact

80% of New Orleans was flooded when the levees protecting the city broke. Most of the people killed by Katrina were thought to have died from drowning. Many of the survivors had swum to higher roofs or tree branches.

## Related pages

- 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
- Hurricane Rita
- Meteorological history of Hurricane Katrina
- Hurricane Katrina tornado outbreak
- National Weather Service bulletin for New Orleans region
- List of hurricanes in Florida

## Other websites

- National Hurricane Center's Tropical Cyclone Report on Hurricane Katrina
- National Hurricane Center's archive on Hurricane Katrina
- Hurricane Katrina Rainfall Information from HPC
- Hydro-meteorological Prediction Center's
- NASA's Hurricane Katrina Archive
- Geology and Hurricane-Protection Strategies in the Greater New Orleans Area  Louisiana Geological Survey publication on Hurricane Katrina

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Katrina
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 2005
- **basin**: Atl
- **category**: 4
- **image location**: Katrina 2005-08-28 1700Z.jpg
- **image name**: Hurricane Katrina at peak intensity in the Gulf of Mexico on August 28, 2005
- **formed**: August 24, 2005
- **dissipated**: August 31, 2005
- **extratropical**: August 29
- **1-min winds**: 150
- **pressure**: 902
- **damages**: 125 billion (2005 USD)
- **damagespost**: List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes, Tied as costliest tropical cyclone on record
- **fatalities**: 1,933 total
- **hurricane season**: 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
Carlos Fuentes

**Carlos Fuentes** (11 November 1928 – 15 May 2012) was a Mexican novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and diplomat.

Fuentes was born in Panama City, Panama. His father was a Mexican diplomat, and while Fuentes was growing up, the family moved to different countries in South America and then to the United States.

He got a degree in law from the National Autonomous University of Mexico, but instead of being a lawyer, he chose to be a diplomat and writer. He published his first novel, called _La región más transparente_ (_Where the Air Is Clear_ in English) in 1958. From 1975 to 1977, Fuentes was Mexico's ambassador to France. He died in Mexico City, Mexico from a haemorrhage.
Saint Anna

**Saint Anna** is the mother of Virgin Mary and the grandmother of Jesus. Her husband is Saint Joachim. Her name is a version of the Hebrew name Hanna. Anna means grace. Her contribution to Christianity and devotion to God is what makes her stand out.

According to tradition, Joachim went to a temple to pray, but was not allowed in because he did not have a child. Anna heard, prayed, and sacrificed. She promised God that she would bring up a child in God's name. An angel came to Anna and Joachim and told them that God would grant her a baby. Anna had the baby soon after and named the girl Mary. Anna kept her promise. When Mary was about three years old Joachim and Anna brought her up in the Second Temple.

Once, as Anna prayed beneath a laurel tree near her home in Galilee, an angel appeared and said to her, "Anna, Anna, the Lord has heard your prayer, and you shall conceive, and shall bring forth; and your seed shall be spoken of in all the world." Anna replied, "As the Lord my God lives, if I beget either male or female, I will bring it as a gift to the Lord my God; and it shall minister to Him in holy things all the days of its life." This is how Anna became the mother of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

The feast (name) day of St. Anna and St. Joachim is July 26.
Zagreb

**Zagreb** is the capital city and the largest city of the country of Croatia. It has a population of 792.000 people and its metropolitan area (Zagreb County, Krapina-Zagorje County and Sisak-Moslavina County) has a population of 1.2 million (2005).

The first mention of the name Zagreb appeared in 1094.

## Sister cities

Zagreb is officially twinned with the following towns and cities:
- Mainz, Germany, since 1967
- Saint Petersburg, Russia, since 1968)
- Tromsø, Norway, since 1971
- Kyoto, Japan, since 1972
- Kraków, Poland, since 1975
- Lisbon, Portugal, since 1977
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S., since 1980
- Shanghai, China, since 1980
- Bologna, Italy, since 1984
- Budapest, Hungary, since 1994
- Vienna, Austria, since 1994
- Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, since 2001
- Ljubljana, Slovenia, since 2001
- Podgorica, Montenegro, since 2006

## Other websites

- Official website of the City of Zagreb
Swedish

**Swedish** might mean:

- Anything related to the country Sweden
- Swedish language, the language spoken in Sweden.
- Swedish people, who are nationals or citizens of Sweden
- Swedish Empire, which existed from 1611 to 1718
Swedish krona

The **Swedish krona** is the currency of Sweden.  The country of Sweden has used this money since 1873. In the English language, the Swedish krona means the **Swedish Crown**. The Swedish crowns consist of:

- 1 öre (coin) *1991
- 2 öre (coin) *1991
- 5 öre (coins) *1991
- 10 öre (coins) *1991
- 25 öre (coin) *1991
- 50 öre (coin) *2010
- 1 crown (coin)
- 2 crown (coin) ***
- 5 crown (coin)
- 10 crown (coin) * (**)
- 10 crown (coin)
- 20 crown (paper)
- 50 crown (paper)
- 100 crown (paper)
- 200 crown (paper)
- 500 crown (paper)
- 1000 crown (paper)

This is all the Swedish money there is.

Not in use since:

Been used earlier and later reintroduced

## Current changes

On December 18 2008, the Swedish Riksbank asked to phase out the 50 öre, the final öre coin, by 2010. Note, however that the öre would remain as a subdivision unit for electronic payments.

## Exchange rates

Exchange rate of Swedish kronor against the Euro

The krona stand to an average of ten crowns to one euro

## 200-krona and 2-krona

The Riksbank decided on 17 February 2010, to recommend the parliament to allow it to issue a 2-krona coin and a 200-krona note, the latter a new denomination for the country. However it did not recommend replacing the 20-krona note with a coin. In 2015 the first ever 200-krona note saw its use and in 2016 the 2-krona coin was reintroduced having previously being used between 1876 and 1971.

## References

- Riksbank

## Infobox (currency)

- **currency name in local**: Svensk krona
- **image 1**: Swedish 10 crown coin front side.jpg
- **image title 1**: 10 kr coin
- **using countries**: Sweden
Giant

In mythology, a **giant** is a type of very large human-like creature. The mythology and legends of many different cultures have mythological animals or monsters that look like very big, very strong humans. One example of a giant is the _gigantes_ of Greek mythology.
Piedmont

**Piedmont** ( ; , ; Piedmontese, Occitan and , ) is a region in the northern part of Italy. The name means "foot of mountain" (Alps). The capital is Turin.  Piedmont has 8 provinces within it.

In the north of Piedmont there is the country of Switzerland and the Italian region of Valle d'Aosta, in the east there are the regions of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, in the west there is France and in the south Liguria.

Piedmont was part of the Duchy of Savoy until the Italian unification of 1860 when the Duke of Savoy became King of Italy.

## Provinces

Piedmont is divided into 8 provinces:
1. Alessandria
1. Asti
1. Biella
1. Cuneo
1. Novara
1. Turin (Torino)
1. Verbano-Cusio-Ossola
1. Vercelli

## Other websites

- Official Site (IT)

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Piedmont
- **native name**:

- **settlement type**: Region of Italy
- **image skyline**: File:LagoMaggiore.jpg
- **image caption**: A view over Piedmont's Lake Maggiore, Mount Rosa and Verbania
- **image flag**: Flag of Piedmont.svg
- **image shield**: Regione-Piemonte-Stemma.svg
- **shield size**: 60px
- **image map**: Piedmont in Italy.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Italy
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Turin
- **leader party**: Forza Italia, FI
- **leader title**: President
- **leader name**: Alberto Cirio
- **area total km2**: 25402
- **population total**: 4,377,941
- **population as of**: 31-10-2017
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population demonym**:

- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **blank name sec1**: List of Italian regions by GDP (PPP), GDP/ Nominal
- **blank info sec1**: €134.0 billion (2016)
- **blank1 name sec1**: List of Italian regions by GDP (PPP), GDP per capita
- **blank1 info sec1**: €30,800 (2008)
- **blank2 name sec1**: Human Development Index, HDI (2017)
- **blank2 info sec1**: 0.887
 · List of Italian regions by Human Development Index, 10th of 21
- **blank name sec2**: First-level NUTS of the European Union#Italy, NUTS Region
- **blank info sec2**: ITC1
- **website**: [http://www.regione.piemonte.it/ www.regione.piemonte.it]
Rick Hansen

**Rick Hansen**, CC, OBC (born August 26, 1957 in Port Alberni, British Columbia) is a Canadian athlete and activist. He was paralyzed in an accident at the age of 15. Inspired by his friend Terry Fox, who tried to run across Canada after losing a leg to cancer, he set out on a trip to travel around the world, in his wheelchair; it was called the _Man in Motion_ tour. The money he raised from that tour went to help spinal cord injury research and paraplegic sports. He still works and does charity to raise money & awareness. Hansen was one of the torchbearers during the 2010 Winter Olympics.

## Other websites

- Official Site
- Radio and TV clips about Rick
- History minute PSA
Fin

A **fin** is a surface used to produce lift and thrust or to steer while traveling in water, air, or other fluid media. The word was first used for the limbs of fish, but it is now also used to mean other animal limbs and human-made devices.

The fins of fish are called:
- **Dorsal fin** on the back. These fins keep the fish from rolling over.
- **Caudal** or tail fin. This fin pushes the fish forward in the water.
- **Pectoral fins** (paired). These fins help the fish steer.
- **Pelvic fins** (paired). These fins help the fish steer.
- **Anal fin**: stability
Method

**Method** may mean:
- How to do or make something
- Scientific method, a series of steps taken to get knowledge
- Method (computer science), a piece of code linked with a class or object to perform a task
- Method (music), a kind of textbook to help students learning to play a musical instrument
- Methodology, the collection, the comparative study, and the critique of the individual methods that are used in a given discipline or field of inquiry
- Software development process, a series of steps taken to build software
- Method acting, a style of acting in which the actor attempts to replicate the conditions under which the character operates
- Method (Godhead), the bassist and programmer for the industrial band Godhead
- _Discourse on Method_, a philosophical and mathematical treatise by René Descartes
- "The Method of Mechanical Theorems", part of the Archimedes Palimpsest
- Method, a 2004 film directed by Duncan Roy
- method, a San Francisco-<nowiki/>based corporation which manufactures household products
- Method ringing, a British style of ringing church bells according to a series of mathematical algorithms
Region

**Region** is a geographic term used in many ways in the different types of geography. In general, a region is a medium-scale area of land or water. It is smaller than the whole area of something (which could be, for example, the world, a nation, a mountain range, and so on). A climate zone is one kind of region.

A region is larger than a specific location. It may be seen as a collection of smaller things (as in "the New England states") or as one part of a larger whole (as in "the New England region of the United States"). In some countries a region is a unit of local government.
1514

## Births

- March 8 – Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord

## Deaths

- January 2 – William Smyth, English bishop and statesman (born 1460)
- January 9 – Anne of Brittany, queen of Charles VIII of France (born 1477)
- February 11 – Henry, Duke of Cornwall, third son of Henry VIII of England
- March 11 – Donato Bramante, Italian architect (born 1444)
- October 25 – William Elphinstone, Scottish statesman (born 1431)
Toothache

A **toothache** is a pain felt in a person's tooth, normally when the tooth is hurt. A tooth can be hurt by tooth decay caused by plaque or by an injury. A toothache can come and go with pain, certain cold or hot foods can impact the pain a person feels.
Icing (food)

**Icing** is a paste that is usually made from sugar. It is also called "frosting".  It is put on cakes to add flavour. Many kinds of cake have icing, especially cakes made for special occasions like birthday cakes, wedding cakes and Christmas cake.
Kurdish

**Kurdish** might mean:

- Anything related to Kurdistan, an area in the Middle East
- Kurdish people, an ethnic group
- Kurdish language
Romford

**Romford** is a town in Greater London. It is in the London Borough of Havering, England. It was first recorded as a town in 1153 in the _Red Book of the Exchequer_. The name "Romford" means "wide ford". The stream that flows through it was only later called "the Rom River" after the town.

In medieval times, this town was granted the right to have the only market for 6 2/3 miles around. This rule was used in the 1990s to stop a nearby town, Ilford, from opening a market nearby.. Romford had a brewery which now is an entertainment venue.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **region**: London
- **official name**: Romford
- **london borough**: Havering
- **postcode area**: RM
- **postcode district**: RM1-RM7
- **post town**: ROMFORD
- **dial code**: 01708
- **os grid reference**: TQ510887
- **constituency westminster**: Romford (UK Parliament constituency), Romford
- **constituency westminster1**: Hornchurch and Upminster (UK Parliament constituency), Hornchurch and Upminster
- **static image name**: Havering town hall london.jpg
- **static image caption**: Havering Town Hall on Main Road
- **population**: 82,942
- **population ref**: (2011)
- **charingx distance mi**: 14.1
- **charingx direction**: SW
Maltose

**Maltose** (known as malt sugar) is a disaccharide (sometimes called di-glucose). It is formed from two glucose molecules joined at carbons 1 and 4. It is found in germinating seeds such as barley as they break down their starch stores to use for food.
Toolbox

A **toolbox** or **toolkit** is a box where a person stores tools. You can find them where people work with tools, like houses that are being built.

Some computer programs used to make other computer programs are also called toolboxes or toolkits (this is a metaphor).
Stone

A **stone** is a piece of rock. It is a mass of hard, compacted mineral. The word is often used to mean a small piece of rock.

The word "stone" also refers to natural rock as a material, especially a building material. Natural stones used as building material include granite, marble and sandstone. Manufactured, artificial products, such as concrete or clay bricks, are not stone.

Stone takes a while to heat up, and stays hot for a while. It does not conduct electricity well.

Stone was one of the first materials used to make tools and buildings. It is a very sturdy material. It is less affected by weather than wood or brick. Depending on the type of rock, stone weathers away much more slowly. A stone in the river is reshaped by the water and sediment flowing around it.

Stones can be used as primitive weapons. A person can throw it at an enemy or animal, or use it to cause more damage in hand-to-hand combat.

A stone is larger than a grain of sand, gravel or pebbles. A boulder is a large rock or stone.

## Related pages

- Precious stone
- Stone Age
Hotspot (computers)

A **hotspot** is a place where computers with the ability for wireless connections can connect to the Internet. Wi-Fi hot spots can be found in some public areas, sometimes for free. Some local libraries, coffee shops, and restaurants offer hotspots. Some passenger vehicles have a traveling hotspot for their customers. Some communication companies also offer hotspots in many different places for their customers.
Kilobyte

The **kilobyte** (**kB**) is a unit used to measure storage space on computer hard drives or computer memory equal to 1000 bytes. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) currently defines the kilobyte as being 1000 bytes. According to the IEC, the correct name for 1024 bytes is the kibibyte. This naming convention, however, is not commonly used.

One thousand kilobytes make one megabyte.
Subatomic particle

A **subatomic particle** is a particle smaller than an atom. Like atoms and molecules, a subatomic particle is far too small to be seen with the eye. The subatomic particles that make atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons are the most commonly studied ones.  The study of subatomic particles is called particle physics.

These particles are often held together within an atom by one of the four fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetic force, strong force, or weak force).  Outside of the atom the particles often move very, very quickly- near the speed of light which is very, very fast (around 300,000 kilometers per second).

Subatomic particles are divided into two groups, Baryons and Leptons.

**Baryons** are made of quarks while Leptons are thought to be among the smallest particles, called elementary particles. Baryons have a given Baryon number. In reactions, the Baryon number must be conserved, meaning that the result must have the same amount of Baryons as the amount put in. Baryonic particles are made up of a combination of 3 of the six quarks, which are among the smallest particles. The six quark types are up, down (making up protons and neutrons, respectively), strange, charm, top, and bottom.

**Leptons** are generally much smaller than Baryons. This category includes electrons, Muons, Taus and neutrinos. Leptons are not made up of quarks and are not divisible.

For every one of these types, there is also an antiparticle. Antiparticles have the same mass as their normal counterparts, except they have the opposite electric charge. Anti-matter and matter cannot exist near each other. Whenever matter and antimatter collide, they destroy each other with a huge release of energy equivalent to E=mc<sup>2</sup>, where m is the combined mass of the particles, c is the speed of light, and E is the energy produced. These collisions often take place in large particle accelerators, where the energy can be converted the other way, into matter by the same equation. This can produce many odd, often heavy (large mass) particles that exist only for a short time.

Most of the particles discovered are created by accelerating particles and colliding them against others, creating huge showers of new subatomic particles which decay extremely quickly. However, because the particles are moving close to the speed of light, the laws of special relativity become important and time dilation occurs. This means that time passes slower for the particle, and they can travel (and be measured) over a longer distance than non-relativity science would predict.

## Related pages

- Elementary particle
Screen

A **screen** can be:

- Window screen, a plastic or wire mesh that covers a window opening
- A partition or room divider
- A movie screen where movies are shown.
- Another name for a computer monitor
- Something that stops things passing through like the grid on a roadside drain
- Screen (ice hockey), when a player stops a goaltender from seeing someone shoot in ice hockey
Laura Bush

**Laura Lane Welch Bush** (born November 4, 1946) is an American teacher and author. She was the first lady of the United States from 2001 to 2009 as the wife of the 43rd president of the United States, George W. Bush. Before becoming first lady, she was the first lady of Texas from 1995 to 2000 when her husband was governor.

Bush was born at Midland Memorial Hospital in Midland, Texas. She is the only child of Harold Bruce Welch  and Jenna Louise Hawkins. Laura and George met and married in 1977. She is the mother of Barbara Pierce Bush and Jenna Bush Hager who were born in 1981. Before she became First Lady she worked as a librarian and a school teacher in Dallas and Austin, Texas.

## Other websites

- Official Site

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Laura Bush
- **image**: Laura Bush portrait.jpg
- **birth name**: Laura Lane Welch
- **birth place**: Midland, Texas, Midland, Texas
- **predecessor1**: David Richards
- **successor1**: Anita Thigpen Perry
- **signature**: Laura Bush signature.svg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2005
- **termstart1**: January 17, 1995
- **termend1**: December 21, 2000
- **governor1**: George W. Bush
- **president**: George W. Bush
- **termstart**: January 20, 2001
- **termend**: January 20, 2009
- **predecessor**: Hillary Clinton
- **successor**: Michelle Obama
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **title**: First Lady of the United States
- **title1**: First Ladies and Gentlemen of Texas, First Lady of Texas
Simon Rodia

**Sabato "Simon" Rodia** (1879–1965)  was an Italian immigrant who lived in the United States in the district of Los Angeles, California, called Watts. Starting in 1921 and until 1954, he built the Watts Towers, from junk and things he found. Many people made fun of him and tried to vandalize (damage) the "towers". He did not like people making fun of him. In 1955 he moved away from Watts and never returned. The "towers" remained, and the site where he built them is now a national landmark.

## Trivia

- Rodia is one of the famous people seen on the cover of The Beatles' _Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band_ album.
Terry Southern

**Terry Southern** (May 1, 1924 – October 29, 1995) was an American writer.  He was part of the Paris postwar literary movement in the 1950s.  He was a friend to Beat writers in Greenwich Village in the 1960s.  In the 1970s he made changes to the way movies were written.  In the 1980s he wrote for _Saturday Night Live_ and talked about screenwriting at several universities in New York.

### Books

- _Flash and Filigree_ (1958)
- _Candy_ (with Mason Hoffenberg) (1958)
- _The Magic Christian_ (1959)
- _Red-Dirt Marijuana and Other Tastes_ (1967)
- _Blue Movie_ (1970)
- _Texas Summer_ (1992)

### Screenplays

- _Dr. Strangelove_ (with Stanley Kubrick and Peter George) (1964) (Academy Award and BAFTA Award nomination)
- _The Loved One_ (with Christopher Isherwood) (1965)
- _The Collector_ (uncredited) (1965)
- _The Cincinnati Kid_ (with Ring Lardner Jr.) (1966)
- _Casino Royale_ (1967) (uncredited)
- _Barbarella_ (with Roger Vadim, Claude Brule, Vittorio Bonicelli, Clement Biddle Wood, Brian Degas and Tudor Gates) (1968)
- _Easy Rider_ (with Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper) (1969) (Academy Award nomination)
- _The End of the Road_ (with Dennis McGuire and Aram Avakian) (1969)
- _The Magic Christian_ (with Joseph McGrath) (1969)
- _The Telephone_ (with Harry Nilsson) (1988)

### Awards and nominations

- 1963 _O. Henry Award_; "The Road Out of Axotle", published in _Esquire_, August, 1962
- 1964 _Writers Guild of America_; Screenwriter's Award for Best Written American Comedy of 1964, for _Dr. Strangelove_
- 1964 Academy Award Nomination for Best Writing (Adaptation) for _Dr. Strangelove_
- 1964 BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay nomination for _Dr. Strangelove_
- 1969 Academy Award Nomination for Best Original Screenplay; _Easy Rider_ (with Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper)
- 1975 _The Paris Review_; Funniest Story of the Year; "Heavy Put-Away, or, A Hustle Not Devoid of a Certain Grossness, Granted"
- 1994 _Gotham Award_; Writer Award
1615

**1615** (MDCXV) was a common year starting on Thursday in the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday in the Julian calendar.

## New books

- _Don Quixote_ part 2 by Miguel De Cervantes
Emeril Lagasse

**Emeril Lagasse** (born October 15, 1959) is an American celebrity chef. He is best known for his television program _Emeril Live_, which airs on the Food Network. He hosts a Cooking Channel show named _Emeril's Florida_.  He also has several restaurants and wrote some cookbooks. He is also famous for his catchphrases "Bam!" and "Kick it up a notch!"
Hurricane Rita

**Hurricane Rita** was a powerful hurricane in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. It hit the United States' Gulf Coast. At its peak intensity, it was a strong Category 5 storm with sustained winds of 180 miles per hour. It made landfall as a Category 3 storm, and caused more flooding in New Orleans, which already had weakened levees due to Hurricane Katrina. In addition, it caused large power outages.

## Related pages

- Hurricane Katrina

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Rita
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 2005
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Rita 2005-09-21 1610Z.jpg
- **image name**: Hurricane Rita near peak intensity on September 21
- **formed**: September 18, 2005
- **dissipated**: September 26, 2005
- **1-min winds**: 155
- **pressure**: 895
- **damages**: 21500
- **fatalities**: 120
- **areas**: Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahamas, Cuba, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois, Great Lakes region
- **hurricane season**: 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
Boeing 767

The **Boeing 767** is a wide-body aircraft made and built by Boeing. The aircraft was developed on July 14, 1978, as a part of the 7X7 project. The first prototype flew on September 26, 1981. The aircraft was certified on July 30, 1982.

The aircraft started flying the 767-200 commercially on September 8, 1982 with United Airlines. They did not fly the 767-100 as it had close to the same seats as the Boeing 757. The 767-200ER, which has more range, started flying in 1984. The 767-300, which is a longer version, started flying in 1986. The 767-300ER, which has more range than the 767-300, started flying in 1988.

A cargo version, the 767-300F, started flying in 1995. It was made into the 767-400ER, which is longer.

## Accidents and incidents

- Lauda Air Flight 004 was the first fatal crash of a Boeing 767.
- Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961
- EgyptAir Flight 990
- September 11 attacks
    - American Airlines Flight 11
    - United Airlines Flight 175
- American Airlines Flight 63
- Air China Flight 129
- LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16
- Ethiopian Airlines Flight 702
- Atlas Air Flight 3591

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: Boeing 767
- **image**: File: Air Canada Boeing 767-300ER C-FPCA GRU 2012-4-8.png
- **caption**: A Boeing 767-300ER of Air Canada
- **alt**: A side/underneath view of a Boeing 767-300 in Delta Air Lines' white, blue, and red color during climbout. The main undercarriage doors are retracting.


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Wide-body jet airliner
- **national origin**: United States
- **manufacturer**: Boeing Commercial Airplanes
- **introduced**: September 8, 1982, with United Airlines
- **status**: In service
- **primary user**: Delta Air Lines
- **more users**: FedEx Express
United Parcel Service, UPS Airlines
United Airlines
- **produced**: 1981–present
- **number built**: 1,219 as of June 2021
1557

**1557** (MDLVII) was a common year starting on Friday in the Julian calendar.

## Events

- Start of the Italian War of 1551–59
- End of the Great Russian War 1553-1557

## Deaths

- September 1 – Jacques Cartier
Stephen King

**Stephen Edwin King** (born September 21, 1947) is an American writer from Maine. He writes scary horror novels. His books and stories have sold more than 300 million copies. He has written more than fifty novels, two hundred short stories, and nine collections of short fiction.

## Works

King's first novel, Carrie, was published in 1974. Many of his stories have been made into movies or television programs. The movies and programs include _The Shining_, _The Shawshank Redemption_, _The Green Mile_, _Misery_, _Pet Sematary_, _It_ (the miniseries) and the 2017 movie _It_.

King has written some of his books under the name "Richard Bachman". He collaborated with Peter Straub on others.

King's highest rated books (as rated by readers) include _Carrie_, _The Shining_, _The Stand_, _Misery_, _It_, _Cujo_,  _The Dark Tower_, _Under the Dome_ and _Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption_.

## Life

Stephen King was born in Portland, Maine. His mother's name is Nelie Ruth and his father's name is Donald Edwin King.

King and his wife Tabitha own three different houses. One house is in Bangor, Maine, one is in Lovell, Maine and one is in Sarasota, Florida. Stephen and Tabitha have three children and three grandchildren.

## Related pages

- List of books by Stephen King

## Other websites

- StephenKing.com, Stephen King's official website
- Stephen King Quotes  30+ Inspiring Stephen King Quotes | Downloadable

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Stephen King
- **image**: Stephen King, Comicon.jpg
- **caption**: Stephen King
- **birth name**: Stephen Edwin King
- **birth place**: Portland, Maine
- **pseudonym**: Richard Bachman
- **occupation**: Author
- **language**: English
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **notableworks**: Misery, It, The Green Mile, Cujo, The Dark Tower series
- **spouse**: Tabitha King
Baby

A **baby** is a human younger than about 1 or 2 years old.

Other terms can be used to describe the baby's stage of development. These terms do not follow clear rules and are used differently by different people, and in different regions. For example, _infant_ may be used until the baby can walk, while some use "infant" until the baby is one year old. From birth until 3 months of age, a baby can be called a _newborn_. Depending on how many weeks gestation at birth, newborns may be called premature, post-mature, or full term. The word _infant_ comes from Latin: _infans_ means "unable to speak".

At birth, many parts of the newborn's skull are not yet converted to bone, leaving "soft spots". Later in the child's life, these bones join together naturally. A protein called noggin is responsible for the delay in an infant's skull fusion. During labour and birth, the infant's skull changes shape as it goes through the birth canal. Sometimes this causes the child to be born with a misshapen or elongated head. It will usually return to normal in a short time.

Some religions have ceremonies that occur after a new baby is born, such as Baptism, which involves partly or fully covering the baby in water. After learning to walk, babies are often called toddlers, usually between one and three years of age. Sometimes, a woman's baby may die before or during its birth. Babies which have died in this way are called stillborn babies, or miscarried babies.

## Other websites

- Baby Pictures  Newborns, Infants and Toddlers
- Kids Height/Weight Calculator  by Parenting Nation
- Baby Foods Guide  Benefits of Organic Baby Food
- Baby Stroller  by Stroller List
Dessert

- _For the area of dry land, see desert._

A **dessert** is a type of food that is eaten after lunch or dinner, and sometimes after a light meal or snack. It is usually a sweet food, like ice cream, cookies, and cakes. In some countries, cream cheese and fruit are served as dessert. Some desserts are made from natural resources like fruit juice used in sherbet. Others are simple, like pudding and birthday cake. Many desserts are baked (cooked in an oven). Some desserts are served with whipped cream as a topping.

The term _dessert_ can apply to many confections, such as biscuits, cakes, cookies, custards, gelatins, ice creams, pastries, pies, puddings, sweet soups, and tarts. Fruit is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its naturally occurring sweetness. Some cultures sweeten foods that are more commonly savoury to create desserts.

### Baked desserts

Baked desserts are made by putting the ingredients in a hot oven. Baked desserts include cakes and muffins (a mixture of flour, eggs, sugar, oil, baking powder, and flavorings); sweet breads such as banana bread and raisin bread (a mixture of flour, sugar, oil, baking powder, and flavorings); cookies such as chocolate chip cookies (a mixture of flour, eggs, sugar, oil, and flavorings). Puddings and custards (a mixture of milk, eggs, sugar, and flavorings) can be made in the oven.

### Fried desserts

Fried desserts are made using a cooking process called deep frying. To deep-fry food, a large pot filled with oil is heated, and then the food is placed into the pot. Deep-fried desserts include doughnuts.

### Frozen desserts

Frozen desserts are made by blending the ingredients in a freezer. Frozen desserts include ice cream (a mixture of cream, milk, sugar, and flavorings), milk shakes (a mixture of ice cream, milk, and flavorings), and sherbet (also spelled "sorbet") (a mixture of water, sugar, and flavorings).

### Chilled desserts

Some desserts are made without using the oven or the freezer. Trifle is an English dessert made by soaking ladyfinger biscuits in sherry, covering them with whipped cream, and then letting it chill in the refrigerator. Some types of instant pudding and instant mousse desserts can be made without cooking; a person simply mixes the instant pudding powder with milk and chills it in the refrigerator.

## Popular desserts from around the world

- France: Crème Brûlée
- America: Apple Pie
- United Kingdom: Sticky toffee pudding
- Middle East: Baklava
- Greece: Galaktoboureko
- Italy: Tiramisu
- Peru: Picarones
- Russia/Australia: Pavlova
- Spain: Tarta de Santiago
- Turkey: Turkish delight/Lokum
- Japan: Mochi
- Belgium: Belgian waffle
- India: Gulab Jamun
- Bangladesh: Kheer
Viacom

**Viacom** (short for **Vi**deo & **A**udio **Com**munications) was an American entertainment company. It started in 1970 as **Viacom International**, the syndication division of CBS TV (which they once owned). In 2005, Viacom split into two companies: the original company was renamed CBS Corporation, and a new company keeping the Viacom name was created. They own Paramount Pictures, MTV, Nickelodeon, Nick Jr., and others. They formerly owned the movie rental giant Blockbuster Entertainment.

In 2019, Viacom and CBS were merged together. This created ViacomCBS, a combination of the two companies. The merger was finished on December 4, 2019. They have also launched a streaming service called CBS All Access, which includes their library of movies and TV shows, along with original content.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Viacom Inc.
- **logo**: Viacom.svg
- **logo size**: 200px
- **logo caption**: Logo used from 2005 to 2019.
- **image**: Times Sq Feb 2022 19.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **image caption**: Viacom's headquarters at One Astor Plaza in New York City
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **industry**: Mass media
- **fate**: Merged with CBS Corporation
- **predecessors**: Viacom (1952–2006)
Gulf and Western Industries
Paramount Pictures#1989–94: Paramount Communications, Paramount Communications
Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment
- **successor**: ViacomCBS
- **founder**: Sumner Redstone
- **hq location city**: One Astor Plaza, Manhattan, New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **revenue**: (2019)
- **operating income**: (2019)
- **net income**: (2019)
- **assets**: (2019)
- **equity**: (2019)
- **num employees**: 11,200 (2017)
- **owner**: National Amusements (80% voting power)
- **homepage**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20191203102148/www.viacom.com www.viacom.com] (archived Dec 3, 2019)