juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Canton of Clervaux

**Clervaux** () is a canton in Luxembourg. Its capital is Clervaux.

## Geography

With an area of , and a population (2017) of 17,631, the Clervaux canton has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

It is bordered on the north by the _arrondissement_ of Verviers in Belgium, to the east by the German district of Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm (part of the _Land_ of Rhineland-Palatinate), to the southeast by the Vianden canton, to the south by the Diekirch canton, to the southwest by the Wiltz canton, and to the west by the _arrondissement_ of Bastogne in Belgium.

## Communes

The Clervaux canton has 5 communes (2017 population).
1. Clervaux (5,069)
1. Parc Hosingen (3,434)
1. Troisvierges (3,141)
1. Weiswampach (1,760)
1. Wincrange (4,227)

## Related pages

- Cantons of Luxembourg
- Districts of Luxembourg (former)
- List of cities in Luxembourg

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Canton of Clervaux
- **native name**: Kanton Klierf
- **settlement type**: Cantons of Luxembourg, Canton
- **image map**: Canton Clervaux in Luxembourg.svg
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Luxembourg
- **subdivision type2**: Legislative constituency
- **subdivision name2**: Circonscription Nord (Luxembourg), Nord
- **subdivision type3**: Local administrative unit, LAU 1
- **subdivision name3**: LU00005
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Clervaux
- **area total km2**: 342.2
- **area rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by area, 1st of 12
- **elevation max m**: 559
- **elevation max footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by highest point, 1st of 12)
- **elevation min m**: 230
- **elevation min footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by lowest point, 9th of 12)
- **population rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population, 10th of 12
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population density, 12th of 12
- **parts type**: Communes
<small>(List of cities in Luxembourg, cities in bold)</small>
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Clervaux
Parc Hosingen
Troisvierges
Weiswampach
Wincrange
- **image shield**: Armoiries Clervaux 2.svg
Adolf Born

**Adolf Born** (12 June 1930 – 22 May 2016) was a Czech painter, illustrator, caricaturist, animator and film-maker. He was known as a children's illustrator for most of his career. Born was a finalist for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 2008. The asteroid 17806 Adolfborn is named after him.

Born died on 22 May 2016 in Prague at the age of 85.

## Other websites

- Born at Galerie Krause
- Born at ArtForum
- 2008 Exhibition in Greece
    - Interview in Athens News
- Recently illustrated world classics
- Review by Czech Business Weekly

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Adolf Born
- **image**: Adolf Born - Book World Fair 2010 Prague.jpg
- **birth date**: 12 June 1930
- **birth place**: České Velenice, Czechoslovakia
- **death place**: Prague, Czech Republic, Czech
- **nationality**: Czechoslovakia
(1930–93)
Czech Republic, Czech
(1993–2016)
- **spouse**: married
- **children**: 1
- **occupation**: painting, painter, illustrator, caricaturist, filmmaking, film-maker
- **awards**: 17806 Adolfborn
Medal of Merit (Czech Republic)
Lucjan Avgustini

**Lucjan Avgustini** (August 28, 1963 – May 22, 2016) was an Albanian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sapë.

Avgustini was born in Ferizaj, SFR Yugoslavia. Avgustini was a priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Prizren from 1989 to 2006. In 2006, he was made the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sapë in Albania.

Avgustini died on May 22, 2016 from a brain tumor in Vau i Dejës, Albania, aged 52.
Bata Živojinović

**Velimir "Bata" Živojinović** (Serbian Cyrillic: Велимир "Бата" Живојиновић; 5 June 1933 – 22 May 2016) was a Serbian actor and politician. His best known movie was _Valter brani Sarajevo_. He become popular in China for his role in the movie. In 1990 he was elected for the Serbian Parliament, as a member of the Socialist Party of Serbia. He was a candidate in the September-October 2002 presidential election, receiving 3.27% of the popular vote.

Živojinović died on 22 May 2016 in Belgrade from complications of gangrene at the age of 82.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Velimir "Bata" Živojinović
Велимир "Бата" Живојиновић
- **image**: Velimir Bata Živojinović 2.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **birth name**: Velimir Živojinović
- **birth place**: Koraćica, Danube Banovina, Kingdom of Yugoslavia
- **death place**: Belgrade, Serbia
- **years active**: 1955–2013
- **spouse**: Lula Živojinović
(m.1960–2016, his death)
- **awards**: * Pula Film Festival of Yugoslavian Films: 1962 (silver), 1965, 1967 (gold)
* Pula Film Festival of Yugoslavian Films: 1979 (best actor), 1997 (life-time achievement award)
* Various: Belgrade (1972, 2006), Palić (2005), Niš (2005)...
Veiled Christ

The ***Veiled Christ*** (Italian: _Cristo velato_) is a statue made of marble. It was made by Giuseppe Sanmartino. It is in Cappella Sansevero, Naples.

The sculpture, made in 1753, is considered one of the world's masterpieces. Antonio Canova who once tried to acquire the work declared that he would willingly give up ten years of his own life to produce a similar masterpiece.

## History and description

The order for the Veiled Christ was given to Antonio Corradini.  However, he died a short time later.

Sanmartino took over the work. He decided to place the Christ figure on a couch, covered by a veil. It was to show the suffering that Christ has undergone.

At the sculpture's feet, finally, the artist also carves the instruments of his torture: the crown of thorns, pliers, and some shackles.

## Legend of the veil

An analysis shows that the work is completely made in marble. A receipt of payment to Sanmartino dated 16 December 1752, signed by the prince, is preserved in the historical archive of the Bank of Naples. It states:

## References

- Elio Catello, _Giuseppe Sanmartino (1720-1793)_, Napoli, Electa, 2004.

## Other websites

- Official website of the Museum of the Cappella Sansevero
Ljubiša Samardžić

**Ljubiša Samardžić** (19 November 1936 – 8 September 2017) was a Serbian actor and director. He was best known as _Šurda_ in the popular television series _Vruć vetar_. He was a popular cinema actor in the Serbian movie industry. Samardžić was a member of the Central Committee of Yugoslav Communist Party in late 1980s.

Samardžić was born in Skopje, Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
Isaac Parker

**Isaac Charles Parker** (October 15, 1838 – November 17, 1896) was an American politician and jurist. He served as the United States Congressman for Missouri's 7th congressional district for two terms and presided over the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas for 21 years. He was known as the "Hanging Judge".

Parker died of complications due to Bright's disease in Fort Smith, aged 58.

In 21 years on the federal bench, Parker tried 13,490 cases; more than 8,500 defendants either pleaded guilty or were convicted at trial. He sentenced 160 people to death and 79 were executed; the others died while incarcerated, were acquitted, pardoned, or their sentences were commuted.

## Other websites

- National Park Service (National Historic Site) entry about Judge Isaac Parker
- Judge Isaac Parker reference on About.com
- List of men executed at Fort Smith while Isaac Parker presided

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Isaac Charles Parker
- **image**: Judge Isaac Parker.jpg
- **caption**: Painting of Judge Isaac Parker, circa 1896.
- **office**: United States District Court, U.S. District Judge presiding over the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Arkansas
- **termstart**: March 19, 1875
- **termend**: November 25, 1896
- **nominator**: Ulysses S. Grant
- **predecessor**: William Story (attorney), William Story
- **successor**: John Henry Rogers
- **state2**: Missouri
- **district2**: Missouri's 7th congressional district, 7th
- **termstart2**: March 4, 1871
- **termend2**: March 4, 1875
- **predecessor2**: Joel Funk Asper
- **successor2**: Thomas Theodore Crittenden
- **office3**: Judge of the Missouri Circuit Courts, 12th Missouri Circuit Court
- **termstart3**: 1868
- **termend3**: 1870
- **birth place**: Barnesville, Ohio, US
- **death place**: Fort Smith, Arkansas, US
- **spouse**: Mary O'Toole
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat
Clash of Clans

***Clash of Clans*** is a freemium mobile strategy game made by the Finnish company Supercell. It was released to the App Store for iOS platforms on August 2, 2012 and to Google Play for Android on October 7, 2013.

_Clash of Clans_ is a massively multiplayer online game where players train their troops and attack other players' towns to earn gold and elixir, the in-game currency. Gold and elixir can be used to build defenses for the player's town, make upgrades, and more. Also, players can join a group called a clan to help its members or to receive help from them.

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Supercell (video game company), Supercell video game
- **publisher**: Supercell video game
- **platforms**: iOS
Android (operating system), Android
- **released**: **iOS**

**Android**

- **genre**: Strategy video game
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
Mario Almada

**Mario Almada Otero** (born January 7, 1922 – October 4, 2016) was a Mexican actor. His career has lasted for over 70 years. He has appeared in over 300 movies. He was most known for his roles in urban westerns and action movies.

Almada died in his sleep of natural causes in Mexico City, Mexico, aged 94.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: MARIO ALMADA-2 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Mario Almada in January 2014
- **birth place**: Huatabampo, Mexico
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **occupation**: Actor/Movie producer
- **years active**: 1935–2016
- **nationality**: Mexican
Manuel Valdés

**Manuel "El Loco" Valdés** (29 January 1931 – 28 August 2020) was a Mexican actor and comedian. He was member of the Valdés family. He was the brother of Ramón Valdés (aka "Don Ramón"), from the sitcom "El Chavo", and Germán Valdés (aka "Tin Tan").

He was also the father of singer Cristian Castro and Marcos Valdés.

He was known for his roles in _La Carabina de Ambrosio_, _La pulquería_, _La leyenda de la Nahuala_, _Caperucita y Pulgarcito contra los monstruos_ and _Calabacitas tiernas_. He was in three telenovelas: _Amy, la niña de la mochila azúl_ (2004), _Entre el amor y el odio_ (2002) and _Siempre te amaré_ (2000).

Valdés died on 28 August 2020 from problems caused by pancreatic cancer in Mexico City, aged 89.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Manuel Valdés
- **image**: Manuel Valdés 2015 (cropped).jpg
- **birth name**: Manuel Gómez Valdés de Castillo
- **birth place**: Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **death cause**: Pancreatic cancer
- **resting place**: Panteón Francés
- **othername**: El Loco
Pasir Ris

**Pasir Ris** is a place in the east of Singapore. It is near Changi. The Pasir Ris MRT Station is located here.
Acid–base reaction

An **acid-base reaction** is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base. The products of such a reaction are a salt and water. This reaction may also regarded as neutralization reaction.

The reaction can be simplified to
- (aq) + (aq) —> water (molecule)
The other ions remain constant because they are not affected by the reaction. They are called spectator ions.

## Acids and oxides

An example of an acid-oxide reaction is sulfuric acid and copper(II) oxide reacting to form copper sulfate and water:

- H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + CuO —> CuSO<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O

Another example of an acid-oxide reaction is hydrochloric acid reacting with sodium oxide to form sodium chloride and water:

- 2 HCl + Na<sub>2</sub>O —> 2 NaCl + H<sub>2</sub>O

The general equation is:

- acid + oxide —> salt + water

## Acids and hydroxides

This is one of the more common acid-base reactions. This reaction is one of the few processes to make sodium chloride and water using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide:

- HCl + NaOH —> NaCl + H<sub>2</sub>O

## Acids and carbonates

An acid can also react with a carbonate, which is a relatively weak base. An example is hydrochloric acid reacting with sodium carbonate to form sodium chloride, carbon dioxide and water:

- 2 HCl + Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> —> 2 NaCl + CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O

The products of an acid-carbonate reaction is a soluble salt, carbon dioxide and water.
Auswil

**Auswil** is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website of Auswil

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Auswil
- **municipality name**: Auswil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Auswil COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Auswil.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Oberaargau (administrative district), Oberaargau
- **postal code**: 4944
- **municipality code**: 0322
- **area**: 4.6
- **elevation**: 650
- **population**: 459
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **website**: www.auswil.ch
- **mayor**: Willy Horisberger
- **neighboring municipalities**: Gondiswil, Huttwil, Kleindietwil, Madiswil, Rohrbach, Switzerland, Rohrbach
The Parish Church of St. Lawrence

**The Parish Church of St. Lawrence in Radymno** is a historic church in Poland. It is in the Przemyśl archdiocese.

The church was built in the years 1724-1730 in the Baroque style. The bishop Aleksander Antoni Fredro was the prime mover of this facture. By the church there is a belfry from the year 1729, an antique manse and a nuns' home. During the First World War St. Lawrence's church was vastly damaged but shortly after the war it was renovated. After the Second World War the aim was to embellish the temple which is why, the front of the church and the belfry renovations. The temple's historic door was rebuilt as well.

The interior has got 7 altars. Some of the altars are: St. Anna's altar, Jezus's Sacred Heart altar, St. Agnes's altar and St. Nicholas's altar. Inside the church there is a solid pulpit which has got a rich wood carving decoration. There is also the fontal source with figures of Jesus and John the Baptist. It comes from the first half of the 19th century.

## References

- http://radymno.przemyska.pl/historia/
Ballmoos

**Ballmoos** was a municipality of the district of Fraubrunnen in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010, the municipality of Ballmoos merged into the municipality of Jegenstorf.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Ballmoos
- **municipality name**: Ballmoos
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Ballmoos COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Fraubrunnen (district), Fraubrunnen
- **postal code**: 3303
- **municipality code**: 0531
- **area**: 1.5
- **elevation**: 567
- **population**: 55
- **populationof**: December 2007
- **neighboring municipalities**: Deisswil bei Münchenbuchsee, Jegenstorf, Urtenen-Schönbühl, Wiggiswil, Zuzwil, Bern, Zuzwil
Scion FR-S

The Scion FR-s is a sports car developed by Toyota and Subaru. It features a rear wheel drive drivetrain and 2+2 seating.

It is sold worldwide under three different brands with respective model names:
- **Toyota 86** in Asia, South Africa, North America (from August 2016), South America and Australia; **GT86** in Europe; New Zealand; **FT86** in Nicaragua and Jamaica;
- **Subaru BRZ** worldwide;
- **Scion FR-S** in the US and Canada. After August 2016, the Scion FR-S will be renamed as the Toyota 86.
Great Seal

**Great Seal** might refer to the official seal of a political unit, such as:
- Great Seal of Vermont
- Great Seal of the United States
Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond

**Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond** (Welsh: _Edmwnd ap Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur_; 11 June 1430 — 3 November 1456) was a Welsh knight and nobleman who was the Earl of Richmond from 1452 until his death in 1456. Edmund was the father of Henry VII, who invaded England and became king of England in 1485. He was the oldest child of Owen Tudor and his wife, the dowager queen Catherine of Valois. He was also a half-brother to Henry VI.

In 1455, he married the 12-year-old woman, Lady Margaret Beaufort, who would become one of the most powerful women in Europe. He was a brave knight. He participated in the War of the Roses fighting for the Lancaster side. However, while he was fighting, he was captured by a Yorkist soilder and was imprisoned at Carmarthen Castle where he was murdered there at the age of 26. He was buried at St David's Cathedral in Pembrokeshire. His only child would be born two months after his death.

## Infobox (nobility)

- **name**: Edmund Tudor
- **image**: Arms of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond.svg
- **caption**: Coat of Arms of Edmund
- **succession**: Earl of Richmond
- **reign**: 29 May 1452 — 3 November 1456
- **reign-type**: Tenure
- **predecessor**: Title created
- **successor**: Henry VII of England, Henry Tudor, 2nd Earl of Richmond
- **issue**: Henry VII of England, Henry VII, King of England
- **noble family**: House of Tudor, Tudor
- **full name**: Edmwnd ap Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur
- **father**: Owen Tudor
- **mother**: Catherine of Valois
- **birth place**: Much Hadham Palace, Hertfordshire, England
- **death place**: Carmarthen Castle, Carmarthenshire, Wales
- **burial place**: St David's Cathedral, Pembrokeshire
- **religion**: Catholic Church, Roman Catholicism
Joaquín Castro

**Joaquín Castro** (born September 16, 1974) is an American politician. He has served in the United States House of Representatives for Texas's 20th congressional district since 2013.

Julián Castro was the 16th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in the Cabinet of President Barack Obama and is a candidate for President in the 2020 election.

In July 2022, Castro was diagnosed with small intestine cancer which had spread to his liver. He had surgery in February 2023 to remove the tumors.

## Other websites

- Congressman Joaquin Castro official U.S. House website
- Joaquin Castro for Congress

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Joaquín Castro
- **image**: Joaquin Castro, official portrait, 118th Congress.jpg
- **state**: Texas
- **term start**: January 3, 2013
- **predecessor**: Charlie Gonzalez
- **state house1**: Texas
- **district1**: 125th
- **term start1**: January 3, 2003
- **term end1**: January 14, 2013
- **predecessor1**: Art Reyna
- **successor1**: Justin Rodriguez
- **birth place**: San Antonio, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **alma mater**: Stanford University <small>(Bachelor of Arts, B.A.)</small>
Harvard Law School <small>(Juris Doctor, J.D.)</small>
- **children**: One daughter & one son
- **parents**: Maria "Rosie" Castro

Jessie Guzman
- **relations**: Julian Castro (twin brother)
- **website**: [http://castro.house.gov House website]
Burt Kwouk

**Herbert W. "Burt" Kwouk**, OBE (pron. "Kwok"; ; 18 July 1930 – 24 May 2016) was a British actor.

Kwouk was born in Warrington to Chinese parents. He was raised in Shanghai.

Kwouk was known for his role as Cato (spelled "Kato" in the 1964 release _A Shot in the Dark_) in the _Pink Panther_ movies. He was also known for his role of Major Yamauchi in the British drama series _Tenko_ and, later, as Entwistle in _Last of the Summer Wine_.

In the 2011 New Year Honours List, Burt Kwouk was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to drama.

Kwouk died on 24 May 2016 in London, England of cancer of unknown primary origin, aged 85.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Burt Kwouk in The Shoes of the Fisherman.jpg
- **name**: Burt Kwouk
- **birth name**: Herbert W. Kwouk
- **birth place**: Warrington, Lancashire, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **years active**: 1957–2012
- **honorific suffix**: OBE
Howard Schultz

**Howard D. Schultz** (born July 19, 1953) is an American businessman. He is best known as the chairman and CEO of Starbucks and a former owner of the Seattle SuperSonics. He was a member of the Board of Directors at Square, Inc..

In 1998, Schultz co-founded Maveron, an investment group, with Dan Levitan. In 2012, _Forbes_ magazine ranked Schultz as the 354th richest person in the United States, with a net worth of $1.5 billion.

On June 4, 2018, Schultz announced his retirement as executive chairman. However, he returned to the role in March 2022.

In January 2019, it was reported that Schultz was considering running as an independent candidate in the election. Schultz announced on January 27, 2019 that he would explore a bid as an independent candidate. However in June 2019, he ruled out a presidential bid citing health concerns. In September 2019, Schultz formally said he would not run saying he would not want to risk re-electing President Donald Trump.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Howard Schultz by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Schultz in 2019
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **birth name**: Howard D. Schultz
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States
- **occupation**: Chairman and CEO of Starbucks
- **alma mater**: Northern Michigan University
- **networth**: United States dollar, US$2.9 1,000,000,000 (number), billion (Sept 2015)
- **spouse**: Sheri Kersch Schultz (m. 1982)
- **website**: [http://www.starbucks.com/ Starbucks]
- **children**: Eliahu Jordan Schultz
 Addison Schultz
Gert Bals

**Gert Bals** (18 October 1936 – 20 May 2016) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a goalkeeper.

Bals became the first Dutch goalkeeper in an UEFA Cup final, when he played for Ajax in the 1969 European Cup Final against Milan.

He played 216 official matches for Ajax after making his debut for them in August 1965 and won 4 league titles with the club. He won the Dutch Footballer of the Year Award in 1969.

He finished his career at Vitesse after losing Ajax´ number one jersey to Heinz Stuy in 1970.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Gert Bals
- **image**: Ajax tegen Blauw-Wit 1-0. Gert Bals, Bestanddeelnr 921-1896.jpg
- **image size**: 200
- **caption**: Bals in 1968
- **fullname**: Gerrit Bals
- **birth place**: Utrecht (city), Utrecht, Netherlands
- **death place**: Veenendaal, Netherlands
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthclubs1**: Velox
- **years1**: 1955–1957
- **clubs1**: SV Zeist, Zeist
- **years2**: 1957–1961
- **clubs2**: HVV 't Gooi, 't Gooi
- **years3**: 1961–1965
- **clubs3**: PSV Eindhoven, PSV
- **years4**: 1965–1970
- **clubs4**: AFC Ajax, Ajax
- **years5**: 1970–1973
- **clubs5**: SBV Vitesse, Vitesse
Alfredo Lim

**Alfredo Siojo Lim** (; 21 December 1929 – 8 August 2020) was a Filipino politician. He served as Mayor of the City of Manila from 1992 to 1998 and 2007 to 2013. He also served as senator of the Philippines from 2004 to 2007. He ran for president in 1998, but lost to Joseph Estrada.

He lost his re-election campaign in 2013, but lost to former President of the Philippines Joseph Estrada. He ran again in 2016, but narrowly lost to Estrada again by less than 1%.

On 7 August 2020, Lim was hospitalized in Manila with COVID-19. He died the next day from the infection at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- Alfredo Lim's Assets and Liabilities
- The Mayor's Page
- The Official Website of the City of Manila
- Alfredo S. Lim - WikiPilipinas

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Alfredo S. Lim
- **image**: Alfredo Lim at Mendiola.jpg
- **caption**: Mayor Lim talking to reporters in Mendiola Bridge at Manila in year January 22, 2008
- **office**: Mayor of Manila
- **1namedata**: Isko Moreno (2007-2013)
- **term start**: 30 June 2007
- **term end**: 30 June 2013
- **predecessor**: Lito Atienza
- **successor**: Joseph Estrada
- **office2**: Senate of the Philippines, Senator of the Philippines
- **term start2**: 30 June 2004
- **term end2**: 30 June 2007
- **office3**: Department of the Interior and Local Government (Philippines), Secretary of the Interior and Local Government
- **term start3**: 8 January 2000
- **term end3**: 20 January 2001
- **president3**: Joseph Estrada
- **predecessor3**: Ronaldo Puno
- **successor3**: Joey Lina, José Lina Jr.
- **1namedata1**: Lito Atienza  (1992-1998)
- **term start1**: 30 June 1992
- **term end1**: 27 March 1998
- **predecessor1**: Mel Lopez
- **successor1**: Lito Atienza
- **office5**: National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines), Director, National Bureau of Investigation
- **term start5**: 1989
- **term end5**: 1992
- **predecessor5**: Antonio M. Cárpio
- **successor5**: Epimaco Velasco
- **birth place**: Manila, Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, Philippine Islands
- **death place**: Manila, Philippines
- **children**: Rogelio Santos Lim
 Alfredo Santos Lim III
 Cynthia Santos Lim
Ernesto Santos Lim
Cristina Santos Lim
Manuel Santos Lim
Marilet Santos Lim
 Marivic Santos Lim
 Genevieve Alivio Lim
Christoper Alivio Lim
Bernard Alivio Lim
Alexander Alivio Lim
- **alma mater**: University of the East
National Defense College of the Philippines
- **party**: Liberal Party (Philippines), Liberal Party (1998–1999, 2009-2018)
PDP-Laban (2018-2020)
- **otherparty**: People's Reform Party (1992-1998)
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (1999-2008)
- **occupation**: Police officer, Politician, Lawyer
- **website**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20130506055054/http://www.alfredolim.com/ Official website]
Gender equality

**Gender equality** is a belief that both men and women should receive equal treatment. That people should not be discriminated against because of their gender. It can also be called sex equality, gender egalitarianism, sexual equality or equality of the genders.

Gender equality is supported by feminists,  humanists and masculinists.

## Related pages

- Co-education
- Men's rights
- Men's rights movement
- Social equality
- Women's rights
- Women's rights movement
Canton of Echternach

**Echternach** () is a canton in east Luxembourg. Its capital is Echternach.

## Geography

Its area is . The population in 2017 was 18,702. The Echternach canton has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

It is bordered on the north by the German district of Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm (part of the _Land_ of Rhineland-Palatinate), to the east by the Trier-Saarburg district (also part of Rhineland-Palatinate), to the south by the Grevenmacher canton and to the west by the Diekirch and the  Mersch cantons

Part of this canton is a natural region called the **Little Switzerland**.

## Communes

The Echternach canton has 8 communes (2017 population).
1. Beaufort (2,699)
1. Bech (1,287)
1. Berdorf (1,870)
1. Consdorf (1,953)
1. Echternach (5,530)
1. Mompach (1,303)
1. Rosport (2,293)
1. Waldbillig (1,767)

## Related pages

- Cantons of Luxembourg
- Districts of Luxembourg (former)
- List of cities in Luxembourg

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Canton of Echternach
- **native name**: Kanton Iechternach
- **settlement type**: Cantons of Luxembourg, Canton
- **image map**: Canton Echternach in Luxembourg.svg
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Luxembourg
- **subdivision type2**: Legislative constituency
- **subdivision name2**: Circonscription Est (Luxembourg), Est
- **subdivision type3**: Local administrative unit, LAU 1
- **subdivision name3**: LU00010
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Echternach
- **area total km2**: 185.5
- **area rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by area, 10th of 12
- **elevation max m**: 414
- **elevation max footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by highest point, 9th of 12)
- **elevation min m**: 141
- **elevation min footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by lowest point, 3rd of 12)
- **population rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population, 8th of 12
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population density, 8th of 12
- **parts type**: Communes
<small>(List of cities in Luxembourg, cities in bold)</small>
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Beaufort, Luxembourg, Beaufort
Bech
Berdorf
Consdorf
**Echternach**
Rosport-Mompach
Waldbillig
- **image shield**: Coat of arms echternach luxbrg.svg
Jazz dance

**Jazz dance** is a dance genre which is easy to recognise, but not easy to define. It is, like some other forms of dance and music, an African influence in western culture.

- "[Jazz dance was] developed by African Americans in the first part of the twentieth century".

Its origins were in social dancing to the music of jazz, but it developed into a type of stage dancing.

Today, jazz dance is taught to students of stage dancing. The ISTD (Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing) lists jazz dance under 'Modern Theatre', and the IDTA (International Dance Teachers Association) lists it in their 'Theatre Branch'. Professional stage dancers are certain to have some kind of jazz dance training.

Modern ballet has also been influenced by jazz dance. Balanchine's ballet _Slaughter on Tenth Avenue_ was the climax of the Broadway musical _On Your Toes_ (1936), Kathleen Dunham and Bob Fosse were famous jazz dancers and choreographers.
Bangerten

**Bangerten** was a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipality of Bangerten merged into the municipality of Rapperswil.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bangerten
- **municipality name**: Bangerten
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bangerten COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Seeland (administrative district), Seeland
- **postal code**: 3256
- **municipality code**: 0532
- **area**: 2.2
- **elevation**: 586
- **population**: 151
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **neighboring municipalities**: Iffwil, Rapperswil, Bern, Rapperswil, Scheunen, Zuzwil, Bern, Zuzwil
Bannwil

**Bannwil** is a municipality of the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bannwil
- **municipality name**: Bannwil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bannwil COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Bannwil.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Oberaargau (administrative district), Oberaargau
- **postal code**: 4913
- **municipality code**: 0323
- **area**: 4.8
- **elevation**: 434
- **population**: 702
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **website**: www.bannwil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aarwangen, Berken, Graben, Switzerland, Graben, Niederbipp, Oberbipp, Walliswil bei Niederbipp
Viktor Kulikov

**Viktor Kulikov** (July 5, 1921 – May 28, 2013 in Moscow) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union and commander-in-chief of the Warsaw Pact from 1977 until 1989.

Kulikov first served in the military during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945). After that, he was given the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In 1983, he was honored with the Lenin Prize.
Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad

**Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad** (born 22 March 1939; also known as _Kāntapuraṃ Ě.pi. Abūbakkar Musliyār_). He is the President of the Islamic Community of India, Founder and Chancellor of the Jamia Markaz and General Secretary of the All India Sunni Jamiyyathul Ulama.

## Religious and social views

In August 2014, he has condemned Islamic extremism saying "Militant groups such as the Islamic State (IS) are trying to defame a religion that advocates peace and tolerance."

In November 2015, he commented on gender equality saying women could never equal men

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**: Sheikh
- **name**: Abubakr Ahmad
- **image**: Sheikh Abubakr receiving an Award by OIC Today.jpg
- **birth place**: Kanthapuram, Kozhikode district, Kozhikode District, Kerala, India.
- **residence**: Kanthapuram near Poonoor, Kozhikode district, Kozhikode District
- **education**: Baqiyat Salihat Arabic College
- **known for**: Islamic Scholarship and education leadership
- **occupation**: Chancellor of Markazu Saqafathi Sunniyya, Markaz and Secretary-General of the All India Sunni Jamiyyathul Ulama
- **term start**: 24 February 2019
- **father**: Mouthariyil Ahmad Haji
- **mother**: Kunheema Hajjumma
- **spouse**: Zainab
- **children**: Abdul Hakeem Azhari
- **nationality**: Indian
University of Hong Kong

The **University of Hong Kong** (also called **Hong Kong University** or **HKU**) is a university in Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong. It is the oldest university in Hong Kong. In 2016, it was listed as the 45th best university in world reputation rankings.

The university offers subjects in:
- Arts and humanities
- Business and Economics
- Clinical, pre-clinical and health
- Computer science
- Engineering and technology
- Life sciences
- Physical Sciences
- Social sciences

## Reputation and rankings

University rankings
- Global – Overall
1. ARWU World:	88 (2023)
1. QS World:	17 (2025)
1. THE World: 	 35 (2024)
1. THE Reputation:	61-70 (2023)
1. USNWR Global:	44 (tie) (2024)
- Regional – Overall
1. QS Asia:	2 (2025)
1. THE Asia:	4 (2023)
1. USNWR Asia:	6 (2023

### Overall ranking

HKU was ranked #17 worldwide in _QS_ 2025, #35 worldwide in _THE_ 2025, #88 worldwide in _ARWU_ 2023, and #44 worldwide in _U.S. News_ 2024.

The Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities (ARTU), which sorts universities based on their combined performance across _THE_, _QS_, and _ARWU_, found that HKU was the 42nd best-ranked university worldwide in 2023.

HKU was ranked 61-70th in the _THE World Reputation Rankings_ 2023.

HKU is ranked as the most international university in the world in 2023 by _Times Higher Education_.

#### _QS_ subject rankings

In the _QS World University Rankings_ by broad subject area 2023:
|Broad subject area|HKU's world rank|
| --- | --- |
|Social Sciences & Management|29|
|Arts and Humanities|34|
|Engineering & Technology|79|
|Life Sciences & Medicine|29|
|Natural Sciences|81|

#### _THE_ subject rankings

In the _Times Higher Education World University Rankings by subject_ 2024:
|Subject|HKU's world rank|
| --- | --- |
|Arts & Humanities|54|
|Business and Economics|39|
|Clinical & Health|19|
|Computer Science|53|
|Education|6|
|Engineering|43|
|Law|20|
|Life Sciences|43|
|Physical Sciences|47|
|Psychology|62|
|Social Sciences|35|

### Graduate Employability Ranking

HKU graduates ranked 47th worldwide in the _Times Higher Education_'s Global University Employability Ranking 2022, and 10th worldwide in the _QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2022_.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University of Hong Kong
- **native name**: 香港大學
- **image**: HKU campus evening view Sai Ying Pun Nov-2012.jpg
- **caption**: view of University of Hong Kong
- **motto**: _Sapientia et Virtus_ (Latin)
明德格物 (Classical Chinese, Chinese)
- **mottoeng**: Wisdom and Virtue
- **type**: Public
- **vice chancellor**: Peter Mathieson
- **academic staff**: 7,197
- **administrative staff**: 2,683
- **students**: 27,933
- **undergrad**: 16,187
- **postgrad**: 11,746
- **city**: Pok Fu Lam
- **country**: Hong Kong
- **campus**: Urban
- **colours**: Dark green
- **website**: [http://hku.hk/ hku.hk]
Direct tax

A **direct tax** is a tax paid directly to the government by a person or organization. A direct tax may not be passed on to another person or entity but must be paid by the entity responsible for the tax. A direct tax is different from an indirect tax, which is paid by someone other than the person or entity who would normally be responsible for it. For example, a tax owed on a piece of property is a direct tax. A tax on the sale of that property would be considered an indirect tax.

## Income tax

An income tax is a tax that governments levy on individuals and businesses on their income. In the US and other countries, businesses and individuals need to file an Income Tax Return every year. This is to report all forms of income and to see if they owe any tax or can get a tax refund. Income tax is an important source of funds to most levels of government.

### The 16th Amendment

In the United States Constitution, the difference between indirect and direct taxes was important enough to require a Constitutional amendment in order for the federal government to levy an income tax. This was the Sixteenth Amendment which was ratified in 1913. Before the Sixteenth Amendment, any direct tax levied by the federal government had to be apportioned among the states by population. As apportionment by population proved to be virtually impossible, levying direct taxes was prevented by this article of the Constitution until it was changed in 1913. So the federal government relied on indirect taxes such as tariffs and Duties on imported goods and materials.

## Corporate tax

Another form of direct tax is the corporation tax. This is a tax on profits earned by corporations and other companies. In the United States the federal corporate tax is a direct tax, but is different from income tax. It taxes net income (profits) not gross income (on which income taxes are based). Corporate tax allows deductions for most expenses of doing business. Also, it only applies to corporations. It does not apply to partnerships or sole proprietorships.

## Property tax

Property tax, also called millage tax, is a tax on property that the owner must pay. They are usually collected by local governments and are based on a standardized value of a property. Property tax money is usually used for schools, community safety and local infrastructure. Millage rates refer to the _mill_: one one-thousandth of a dollar. The millage rate is the amount of taxes levied per $1,000 of property value. For example, if the millage rate is 3 mills (or 3 tenths of a penny), a property valued at $300,000 would be a tax of $900.

## Related pages

- Tax
- Indirect tax
- Sales tax
- Value Added Tax
Bäriswil, Bern

**Bäriswil** is a municipality in the administrative district Bern-Mittelland in the cantons of Berne in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bäriswil
- **municipality name**: Bäriswil BE
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bäriswil COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Bern-Mittelland (administrative district), Bern-Mittelland
- **postal code**: 3323
- **municipality code**: 0403
- **area**: 2.800
- **elevation**: 546
- **population**: 1037
- **populationof**: December 2014
- **website**: www.baeriswil.ch
- **mayor**: Alois Eisenring
- **neighboring municipalities**: Hindelbank, Krauchthal, Mattstetten
Bätterkinden

**Bätterkinden** is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

It is about  north of Bern.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bätterkinden
- **municipality name**: Bätterkinden
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bätterkinden COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Bätterkinden.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Emmental (administrative district), Emmental
- **postal code**: 3315
- **municipality code**: 0533
- **area**: 10.19
- **elevation**: 473
- **population**: 3147
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **website**: www.baetterkinden.ch
- **mayor**: Rosmarie Habegger-Scheidegger
- **mayor asof**: 2009
- **mayor party**: SVP
- **mayor title**: Gemeindepräsident
- **places**: Bätterkinden, Kräiligen, Alp, Holzhäusern, Berchtoldshof, Buuchi, Studenacher, Löffelhof, Neumatt, Niedermatt, Rütti
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aefligen, Fraubrunnen, Limpach, Switzerland, Limpach, Schalunen, Utzenstorf, Wiler bei Utzenstorf, and Zielebach (Canton of Berne); Aetingen, Biberist, Gerlafingen, Küttigkofen, Kyburg-Buchegg, Lohn-Ammannsegg, and Lüterkofen-Ichertswil (Canton of Solothurn)
Gross income

**Gross income** in United States income tax law is money or anything of value gained from all sources. Gross income is the amount of income before any tax deductions or allowances. In the Law of the United States, 26 U.S. Code § 61, "Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, gross income means all income from whatever source derived...".

## Exclusions (US)

Some types of income are specifically excluded from gross income. These are listed at 26 U.S. Code Part III and include:

- Certain death benefits (money paid on a life insurance policy to the beneficiary when the insured person dies)
- Gifts and inheritances
- Interest on State and local bond
- Compensation for injuries or sickness
- Amounts received under accident and health insuranceref name=grossincLII/>
- Certain combat zone compensation of members of the military
- Qualified scholarships
Bellmund

**Bellmund** () is a municipality of the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bellmund
- **image photo**: CH Ipsach.jpg
- **image caption**: Ipsach as seen from the lake; Bellmund is to the rear.
- **municipality name**: Bellmund
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bellmund COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Bellmund.png
- **languages**: German, 6.5% French
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Biel/Bienne (administrative district), Biel/Bienne
- **postal code**: 2564
- **municipality code**: 0732
- **area**: 3.8
- **elevation**: 499
- **population**: 1528
- **populationof**: Dec 2011
- **popofyear**: 2011
- **website**: www.bellmund.ch
- **mayor**: Ivo Suter
- **neighboring municipalities**: Hermrigen, Ipsach, Jens, Switzerland, Jens, Merzligen, Port, Bern, Port, Sutz-Lattrigen
- **twintowns**: Dobronín, Dobronin (Czech Republic)
Tweenager

A **tween** or **tweenager** is a person between the ages  of 10 to 12. In this stage of life, they are still developing. They can also be seen described with the term **Preteens**.

## Timing of puberty

On average, girls begin puberty at ages 10 to 15; boys at ages 11 to 16. Girls usually complete puberty by ages 15 to 17, while boys usually complete puberty by ages 16 to 17. The major landmark of puberty for females is menarche, the onset of menstruation. This usually occurs between ages 12 and 13; for males, it is the first ejaculation, which occurs on average at age 15.In the 21st century, the average age at which children, especially girls, reach puberty is lower compared to the 19th century, when it was 15 for girls and 16 for boys. This can be due to improved nutrition resulting in rapid body growth, increased weight and fat deposition or eating meat from animals which have been dosed up with estrogen.

Sexual attraction to tweenagers or people going through puberty is called hebephilia.
Belprahon

**Belprahon** is a municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Belprahon
- **municipality name**: Belprahon
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Belprahon COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Belprahon.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Jura bernois (administrative district), Jura bernois
- **postal code**: 2744
- **municipality code**: 0681
- **area**: 3.79
- **elevation**: 627
- **population**: 302
- **populationof**: Dec 2016
- **popofyear**: 2016
- **website**: www.belprahon.ch
- **mayor**: Michel Leuenberger
- **mayor title**: Maire
- **neighboring municipalities**: Grandval, Switzerland, Grandval, Eschert, Moutier, Roches, Switzerland, Roches
Rita Renoir

**Rita Renoir** (19 January 1934 – 4 May 2016) was a French striptease entertainer and actress. She was born in Paris. She was one of the most famous European strip-teasers. In 1964, Renoir was chosen by Michelangelo Antonioni to play the role of Emilia in _The Red Desert_

Renoir died on 4 May 2016 at the age of 82.

## Other websites

- Jean-Michel Palmier, « Rita Renoir : Les Voyeurs attrapés par la queue », in _Politique Hebdo_.
John David Jackson

**John David Jackson** (January 19, 1925 – May 20, 2016) was a Canadian–American physics. He was the professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley and a faculty senior scientist emeritus at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

He was a theoretical physicist. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was well known for his many publications and summer-school lectures in nuclear and particle physics, as well as his widely used graduate text on classical electromagnetism.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: John David Jackson
- **image**: Jackson textbook (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Jackson autographing a copy of his classical electrodynamics textbook
- **birth place**: London, Ontario, Canada
- **death date**: May 20, 2016 (age 91)
- **death place**: Lansing, Michigan, United States
- **nationality**: American; naturalized, 1988
- **alma mater**: University of Western Ontario
MIT
- **doctoral advisor**: Victor Frederick Weisskopf
- **doctoral students**: Gordon L. Kane
Chris Quigg
- **work institution**: MIT
McGill University
University of Illinois
University of California, Berkeley
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- **field**: Physicist
- **prizes**: Hon. D.Sc., University of Western Ontario, 1989
Brandon Grove

**Brandon Hambright Grove, Jr.** (April 8, 1929 – May 20, 2016) was an American diplomat. He was born in Chicago. He was the United States Ambassador to the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1974 through 1977 and Zaire from 1984 through 1987. He served on the board of directors of the American Academy of Diplomacy.

Grove, Jr. died from complications of cancer on May 20, 2016 in Washington, D.C., aged 87.
Velimir Sombolac

**Velimir Sombolac** (Serbian Cyrillic: Beлимиp Coмбoлaц; 27 February 1939 – 22 May 2016) was a Serbian footballer and manager.

## Career

After having played ten matches for the Yugoslav U-21 team, and also five for the national "B" team, he was in the Olympic team that represented Yugoslavia at the 1960 Summer Olympics. There, Yugoslavia won the gold eliminating hosts Italy in the semi-finals, and beating Denmark ( 3–1 ) in the final. Afterward, Sombolac also played five matches for the Yugoslavia national football team.

Right after retiring, in 1973, he took charge of a small regional club called FK Sloga Gornji Pogradci, that provided him with crucial experience for returning, in 1974, to Borac, to become the assistant manager until 1976.

After the break-up of Yugoslavia, he worked at the Football Association of Republika Srpska, helping to form all the youth category teams. From 1998 to 2001, he was the head coach of the Republika Srpska official football team.

## Other websites

- Profile  at Worldfootball
- Profile and career story  at Serbian Federation website

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Velimir Sombolac
- **fullname**: Velimir Sombolac
- **birth place**: Banja Luka, Kingdom of Yugoslavia
- **death place**: Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **youthyears1**: 1955–1957
- **youthclubs1**: FK BSK Banja Luka, BSK Banja Luka
- **years1**: 1957–1959
- **years2**: 1959–1965
- **years3**: 1965–1970
- **years4**: 1970–1971
- **years5**: 1971–1973
- **clubs1**: FK Borac Banja Luka, Borac Banja Luka
- **clubs2**: FK Partizan, Partizan
- **clubs3**: NK Olimpija Ljubljana (1911), Olimpija Ljubljana
- **clubs4**: NK Orijent, Orijent Rijeka
- **clubs5**: FK Borac Banja Luka, Borac Banja Luka
- **caps2**: 102
- **caps3**: 70
- **goals2**: 0
- **goals3**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1958–1959
- **nationalyears2**: 1960
- **nationalyears3**: 1960
- **nationalteam1**: Yugoslavia national under-21 football team, Yugoslavia U21
- **nationalteam2**: Yugoslavia Olympic football team, Yugoslavia Olympic
- **nationalteam3**: Yugoslavia national football team, Yugoslavia
- **nationalcaps1**: 10
- **nationalcaps2**: 2
- **nationalcaps3**: 3
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1973–1974
- **managerclubs1**: Sloga Gornji Pogradci
- **manageryears2**: 1976–1979
- **managerclubs2**: FK Kozara Gradiška, Kozara Gradiška
- **manageryears3**: 1998–2001
- **managerclubs3**: Republika Srpska official football team, Republika Srpska