juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Letter bomb

A **letter bomb** is a bomb concealed within a letter or package, which is then sent or left for the recipient to find, typically with his or her name and address on, to be opened and then exploded, or exploded within a certain time.

The first known case of a "modern" letter bomb was the Swedish bombmaker Martin Ekenberg in August 1904. He built a bomb and sent it to a factory owner in Stockholm called Karl Fredrik Lundin. The bomb exploded but nobody was seriously injured. He sent a total of four bombs until 1907 before he was discovered.

## Letter bomb sendouts

There had been many injuries caused by letter bombs. A very famous letter bombmaker is Ted Kaczynski, the so-called _Unabomber_, who sent a series of letter bombs between 1978 and 1995, killing three people (all men) and injuring 23. One package, however, exploded onboard an airplane, which could have killed all the passengers and personnel, but it only caused an emergency landing. He stopped sending bombs after the New York Times accepted to publish a text he had written called _Industrial Society and its Future_.

Unfortunately for him, his brother recognised the writing style and alerted the police, which ultimately captured Kaczynski and he was sentenced to life imprisonment. The bombs were very well made and had no evidence from the sender, but typically of letter bombs, they are too small to case significant damage, and in most cases did not even kill the person who opened the package (this was also the case with Ekenberg, who failed to kill a single person). For this reason, and because most important government departments X-rays packages, the method is not very efficient.

Another

## Government agencies

Several government agencies have used letter bombs to target persons outside their jurisdiction. One victim of a letter bomb was German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, who was sent a letter bomb by the so-called Stern gang and Israeli politician (and later Prime Minister) Menachem Begin in the 1950s.

Begin's reasons, as he explained, was that Adenauer and all Germans were responsible for the deaths of millions of Jews during the Holocaust, although Adenauer had been imprisoned by the Nazi regime which committed these crimes. The same group also sent several bombs to US President Harry S. Truman. The South African apartheid regime used letter bombs, including to activist Ruth First, who died when opening one in 1982.
Drancy internment camp

**Drancy internment camp** was a concentration camp in France during its occupation by Nazi Germany during World War II. It was organised in 1941 to collect French Jews and particularly foreign Jews who had escaped to France before the invasion by the Germans. After that, they were put on railroad carts and sent east, to concentration camps, from which most did not return alive. Nearly 70,000 people were rounded up, including resistance fighters, Roma people, and others considered "undesirable". Until 1943, the camp was administered by French police under German supervision. After this, the French were removed and replaced by German SS men led by Alois Brunner, which increased the efficiency of the deportations.

When the camp was liberated in 1944, about 1,500 people remained. Brunner was later tried (in absence) and sentenced to death, but remained at large until his death in 2010.
Manatuto Municipality

**Manatuto** is one of the municipalities (formerly districts) of East Timor. The capital of the municipality is also named Manatuto.

To the north is the Strait of Wetar, to the south is the Timor Sea.

## Administrative posts

The municipality's administrative posts (formerly sub-districts) are:

- Barique-Natarbora (pop. 5,438)
- Laclo (pop. 7,756)
- Laclubar (pop. 12,050)
- Laleia (pop. 3,689)
- Manatuto (pop. 14,392)
- Soibada (pop. 3,294)

The administrative posts are divided into 31 sucos ("villages") in total.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Manatuto
- **native name lang**: tet
- **type**: Municipalities of East Timor, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Manatuto cliff.jpg
- **image caption**: Cliffs at Manatuto
- **image flag**: Flag of Manatuto.svg
- **image map**: 2015 Manatuto beschriftet.png
- **map caption**: Map of East Timor highlighting Manatuto Municipality
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Manatuto
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 1783.34
- **population total**: 46619
- **population as of**: 2015
- **population density km2**: auto
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:TL, TL-MT
Manufahi Municipality

**Manufahi** is one of the municipalities of East Timor. The capital of the municipality is Same.

## Administrative posts

Manufahi's administrative posts (formerly sub-districts) are:
- Alas
- Fatuberlio
- Same
- Turiscai

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Manufahi
- **native name lang**: tet
- **type**: Municipalities of East Timor, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Landschaft zwischen Dili und Same.jpg
- **image caption**: Landscape between Dili and Same
- **image flag**: Flag of Manufahi.png
- **image map**: 2015 East Timor Manufahi locator map.png
- **map caption**: Map of East Timor highlighting Manufahi Municipality
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Same, East Timor, Same
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 1332.50
- **population total**: 53,691
- **population as of**: 2015
- **population density km2**: auto
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:TL, TL-MF
Bolívar Province (Ecuador)

**Bolívar** is a province in Ecuador. The capital is Guaranda.

## Cantons

The province is divided into 7 cantons. The following table lists each with its population as of the 2010 census, its area in square kilometres (km²), and the name of the canton seat or capital.

|Canton|Pop. (2019)|Area (km²)|Seat/Capital|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Caluma|16,160|176.54|Caluma|
|Chillanes|17,020|662.67|Chillanes|
|Chimbo|17,320|261.42|Chimbo|
|Echeandía|13,960|230.33|Echeandía|
|Guaranda|107,590|1,892.08|Guaranda|
|Las Naves|7,330|148.82|Las Naves|
|San Miguel|29,010|573.52|San Miguel|

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bolivar
- **official name**: Province of Bolivar
- **settlement type**: Province
- **image flag**: Bandera Provincia Bolívar.svg
- **image map**: Bolivar in Ecuador (+Galapagos).svg
- **map caption**: Location of the Bolívar Province in Ecuador.
- **image map1**: Cantones de Bolívar.png
- **map caption1**: Cantons of Bolívar Province
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Ecuador
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Guaranda
- **leader title**: Provincial Prefect
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 1827
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 3945.38
- **population as of**: 2010 census
- **population total**: 183641
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Ecuador Time, ECT
- **utc offset1**: -5
- **registration plate**: B
Shibuya

is a special ward of Tokyo, Japan. It is a very important area for commerce and business. It also has the two busiest railway stations in the world, Shinjuku Station and Shibuya Station. As of 2020, it has a population of about 231,043, and a population density of 15,290.7 people per km<sup>2</sup> (39,603/sq mi). The total area is 15.11 km<sup>2</sup> (5.83 sq mi).

Shibuya is famous for its scramble crossing, which is called Shibuya Crossing.

## Related pages

- Shinjuku

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Shibuya City
- **settlement type**: Special wards of Tokyo, Special ward
- **image skyline**: 2018 Shibuya Crossing.jpg
- **image caption**: Shibuya Crossing
- **image flag**: Flag of Shibuya, Tokyo.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Shibuya, Tokyo.svg
- **image map**: Shibuya-ku in Tokyo Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Shibuya in Tokyo
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Kantō region, Kantō
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Tokyo
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Ken Hasebe (since April 2015)
- **area total km2**: 15.11
- **population total**: 231043
- **population as of**: 10 April 2020
- **population density km2**: 15290.7
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec2**: City office
- **blank info sec2**: Shibuya 1-18-21, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8010
Cañar Province

**Cañar** is a province in Ecuador. The capital is Azogues.

## Cantons

The province is divided into 7 cantons. The following table lists each with its population at the time of the 2019 census, its area in square kilometres (km²), and the name of the canton seat or capital.

|Canton|Pop. (2019)|Area (km²)|Seat/Capital|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Azogues|85,030|613|Azogues|
|Biblián|23,590|227|Biblián|
|Cañar|68,190|1,804|Cañar|
|Déleg|6,760|78|Déleg|
|El Tambo|12,200|65|El Tambo|
|Suscal|6,390|31|Suscal|
|La Troncal|74,680|328|La Troncal|

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Cañar
- **official name**: Province of Cañar
- **settlement type**: Province
- **image skyline**: Ecuador ingapirca inca ruins.jpg
- **image caption**: Ingapirca
- **image flag**: Bandera Provincia Cañar.svg
- **image map**: Canar in Ecuador (+Galapagos).svg
- **map caption**: Cañar Province in Ecuador
- **image map1**: Cantones de Cañar.png
- **map caption1**: Cantons of Cañar Province
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Azogues
- **leader title**: Provincial Prefect
- **established title**: Settled
- **established title1**: Legal establishment
- **area total km2**: 3146.08
- **population as of**: 2010 census
- **population total**: 225184
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Ecuador Time, ECT
- **registration plate**: U
Hédi Jouini

**Hédi Jouini** (; November 1909 – 30 November 1990) was a Tunisian singer, oud player, and composer. In his long career, Jouini composed close to 1,070 songs and 56 operettas.  His songs are inspired by the Andalusian art of flamenco, and found great popularity in Tunisia and the countries of the Mashriq.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Hedi Jouini.png
- **caption**: Portrait of Hédi Jouini
- **native name**: الهادي الجويني
- **native name lang**: ar
- **birth name**: Mohamed Hédi Ben Abdessalem Ben Ahmed Ben Hassine
- **birth place**: Tunis, French protectorate of Tunisia, French Tunisia
- **nationality**: Tunisian
- **occupation**: Singer, oud player, composer
Carchi Province

**Carchi** is a province in Ecuador. The capital is Tulcán. The Carchi River forms the boundary between Colombia and Ecuador.

## Cantons

The province is divided into 6 cantons. The following table lists each with its population at the 2019 census, its area in square kilometres (km²), and the name of the canton seat or capital.

|Canton|Pop. (2019)|Area (km²)|Seat/Capital|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Bolívar|15,500|353|Bolívar|
|Espejo|13,860|554|El Ángel|
|Mira|12,070|588|Mira|
|Montúfar|34,030|383|San Gabriel|
|San Pedro de Huaca|8,840|71|Huaca|
|Tulcán|101,230|1,801|Tulcán|

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Carchi
- **official name**: Province of Carchi
- **nickname**: Heir of the Sun, and Earth
- **settlement type**: Province
- **image flag**: Bandera Provincia Carchi.svg
- **image map**: Carchi in Ecuador (+Galapagos).svg
- **map caption**: Carchi Province in Ecuador
- **image map1**: Cantones de Carchi.png
- **map caption1**: Cantons of Carchi Province
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Tulcán
- **leader title**: Provincial Prefect
- **established title**: Settled
- **established title1**: Legal establishment
- **established date1**: November 19, 1880
- **area total km2**: 3780.45
- **population as of**: 2010 census
- **population total**: 164524
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Ecuador Time, ECT
- **utc offset**: -5
- **registration plate**: C
Leïla Sfez

**Leïla Sfez** (Arabic: ليلى سفاز), (born 1874 –1944 Tunisia), was a Jewish Tunisian singer and composer She is also the aunt of the famous Habiba Msika to whom she will pass on her musical education. Sh became a celebrated café-concert performer in Tunis in the 1920s. She sang music in both the _ma'luf_ and _charqui_ genres.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Leïla Sfez
- **birth date**: 1903
- **death date**: 1944
- **nationality**: Tunisian
- **other names**: ليلى سفاز
- **occupation**: singer and composer
Feuchtwangen

**Feuchtwangen** (; East Franconian: _Feichtwang_) is a city in Middle Franconia in Bavaria, Germany. It is in the district of Ansbach.

Feuchtwangen had about 12,000 inhabitants in 2022.

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Rathaus Feuchtwangen.JPG
- **image caption**: The old town hall of Feuchtwangen
- **wappen**: DEU Feuchtwangen (Mittelfranken) COA.svg
- **lageplan**: Feuchtwangen in AN.svg
- **bundesland**: Bayern
- **regierungsbezirk**: Middle Franconia
- **landkreis**: Ansbach (district), Ansbach
- **höhe**: 452
- **fläche**: 137.23
- **plz**: 91555
- **vorwahl**: 09852, 09855, 09856, 09857, 07950
- **kfz**: AN, DKB, FEU, ROT
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 5 71 145
- **gliederung**: 91 districts
- **bürgermeister**: Patrick Ruh
- **partei**: CSU
Central Province, Zambia

**Central Province** is a province in Zambia. The capital is Kabwe.
Eastern Province, Zambia

**Eastern Province** is a province in Zambia. The capital is Chipata.
Luapula Province

**Luapula Province** is a province in northern Zambia. The capital is Mansa. It is named after the Luapula River.
Lusaka Province

**Lusaka Province** is a province in Zambia. The capital is Lusaka, which is also the national capital. It is the smallest province in Zambia, with an area of 21,896 km². It is also Zambia's most populated and most densely populated province, with a population of 2,191,225 and density of 100 persons per km² as of 2010.

The province is bordered by Zimbabwe and Mozambique, and separated by the Lower Zambezi National Park. Kenneth Kaunda International Airport (in Chongwe District) and Lusaka City Airport (in Lusaka) are the two airports in the province.
Northern Province, Zambia

**Northern Province** is a province in Zambia. The capital is Kasama.
North-Western Province, Zambia

**North-Western Province** is a province in Zambia. The capital is Solwezi. It is the most sparsely populated province in the country.
Southern Province, Zambia

**Southern Province** is a province in Zambia. The capital is Choma. Until 2011, the capital was Livingstone. Victoria Falls is located along that boundary.
Muchinga Province

**Muchinga Province** is a province in northeastern Zambia. The capital is Chinsali. It borders with Tanzania in the north, Malawi in the east, Eastern Province in the south, Central Province in the southwest, Luapula Province in the west, and Northern Province in the northwest.
TD Place Stadium

**TD Place Stadium** (originally **Lansdowne Park** and formerly **Frank Clair Stadium**) is a stadium in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is the home to the Ottawa Redblacks of the Canadian Football League (CFL) and Atlético Ottawa of the Canadian Premier League (CPL). It has a capacity for 24,000 people.
Dominique Dunne

**Dominique Ellen Dunne** (November 23, 1959 – November 4, 1982) was an American actress. She was born in Santa Monica, California. Her parents were Dominick Dunne and Ellen Griffin Dunne. She was best known for her role as Dana Freeling in the 1982 horror movie _Poltergeist_.

On October 30, 1982, Dunne was strangled by her ex-boyfriend, John Thomas Sweeney, in the driveway of her Los Angeles home. She went into a coma and died five days later, aged 22. Sweeney was convicted of voluntary manslaughter in Dunne's death and went to prison for three and a half years. The length of Sweeney’s prison sentence was highly controversial.
Bad Hersfeld

**Bad Hersfeld** is the capital of the district Hersfeld-Rotenburg, in the state of Hessen in Germany. It is a well-known festival and spa town. Every summer, the _Bad Hersfelder Festspiele_ (festival) are held here in 1951 at the monastery ruins. It is the largest Romanesque church ruin in Europe.

## Other websites

- Official website of Bad Hersfeld
- Bad Hersfeld Festival
- Lullusfest in Bad Hersfeld

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Hersfeld altstadt tageberg.jpg
- **image caption**: View of the old town Bad Hersfeld, taken from the Tageberg
- **wappen**: DEU Bad Hersfeld COA.svg
- **lageplan**: Bad Hersfeld in HEF.svg
- **bundesland**: Hesse
- **regierungsbezirk**: Kassel (region), Kassel
- **landkreis**: Hersfeld-Rotenburg
- **höhe**: 212
- **fläche**: 73.82
- **plz**: 36251
- **vorwahl**: 06621, 06625<small>(Beiershausen)</small>
- **kfz**: HEF, ROF
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 06632002
- **gliederung**: 11 districts
- **bürgermeister**: Thomas Fehling
- **partei**: parteilos
Helmut Krauss

**Helmut Krauss** (11 June 1941 – 26 August 2019) was a German voice actor.

### Animated roles

- _Star Wars: Clone Wars_ - General Grievous

### Movie roles

- _Antz_ - Drunk Scout
- _Arachnophobia_ - Delbert McClintock
- _Casper_ - Fatso
- _Monsters, Inc._ - Henry J. Waternoose III
- _Shrek 2_ - Mongo
- _Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope_ - Deathstar Loudspeaker Announcer
- _Stowaways on the Ark_ - Grizzly Bear
- _Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles_ - Shredder
- _The Great Mouse Detective_ - Fidget
- _The Hunchback of Notre Dame_ - The Archdeacon
- _The Plague Dogs_ - Rowf
- _The Rescuers Down Under_ - McLeach
- _Treasure Planet_ - Pirate
- _Who Framed Roger Rabbit_ - Benny the Cab, Gorilla

### Video game roles

- _Mafia_ - Salieri
- _Toonstruck_ - Drew Blanc
Jane Carr

**Jane Carr** (born August 13, 1950) is a UK based voice actress.

### Animated roles

- _Fantastic Four_ - Lady Dorma
- _Fish Hooks_ - Ann Chovie, Dan Chovie
- _Grim & Evil_ - Pud'n
- _Hey Arnold!_ - Inga Perlmutter
- _Kim Possible_ - Nanny Nane
- _Phineas and Ferb_ - Grandma Winifred Fletcher
- _The Fairly OddParents_ - Mama Cosma
- _The Mummy: The Animated Series_ - Marie, Villager

### Film roles

- _Finding Nemo_ - Additional Voices
- _Treasure Planet_ - Mrs. Dunwitty

### Video game roles

- _X-Men Legends II: Rise of Apocalypse_ - Dr. Moira MacTaggert
Teefa in Trouble

**Teefa in Trouble** is an Urdu language Pakistani movie, directed by Ahsan Rahim.
Potsdam Declaration

The **Potsdam Declaration**, or the **Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender**, was a statement that called for the surrender of all Japanese armed forces during World War II.

On July 26, 1945, United States President Harry S. Truman, United Kingdom Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chairman of China Chiang Kai-shek issued the document. It talked about the terms of surrender for the Empire of Japan. These terms were first talked about during the Potsdam Conference.

The declaration said if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction."
M. C. Gainey

**Michael Connor Gainey** (born January 18, 1948) is an American actor whose distinctive mustache, 6'2" height, and intimidating appearance have landed him supporting roles as Southern or Southwestern thugs and criminals. He is known for playing a major role in the 1997 _Con Air_ action movie.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: M. C. Gainey
- **image**: M. C. Gainey at WonderCon 2010 3.JPG
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Gainey at WonderCon 2010.
- **birth name**: Michael Connor Gainey
- **birth place**: Jackson, Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, United States, U.S.
- **other names**: M.C. Gainey, Mike Connor Gainey, Michael Connor Gainey
- **occupation**: Actor, comedian
- **years active**: 1974present
- **spouse**: Kim Novicki (m. 2002)
Rob McElhenney

**Robert McElhenney III** (born April 14, 1977) is an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter. He is known for his role as Mac on the FX/FXX comedy series _It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia_. McElhenney is also known for his ownership of Wrexham A.F.C., a Welsh soccer club that plays in the English league system. He and fellow actor Ryan Reynolds purchased the club in 2021. Their ownership is the subject of the documentary TV series _Welcome to Wrexham_, which is currently broadcast in the U.S. on FX.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rob McElhenney
- **image**: Rob McElhenney by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg
- **caption**: McElhenney in 2013
- **birth name**: Robert McElhenney
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **yearsactive**: 1996–present
- **children**: 2
Eugene Koffi Adoboli

**Eugene Koffi Adoboli** (3 October 1934 – 23 April 2025) was a Togolese politician. He was Prime Minister of Togo from 21 May 1999 to 31 August 2000.

In 2011 he was sentenced to five years in jail in absentia for corruption.

Adoboli died at the age of 90 while in exile in Switzerland on 23 April 2025.
Chairperson of the African Union Commission

The **Chairperson of the African Union Commission** is the head of the African Union Commission. On February 15, 2025, it was announced that djiboutian Mahamoud Ali Youssouf would become the further Chairperson.

## List

|width=20px class=unsortable|#|class=unsortable|Portrait|Chairperson|width=120px|Took Office|width=120px|Left Office|width=130px|Country|width=120px|Region|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=center|–||Amara Essy|align=center|9 July 2002|16 September 2003||West Africa|||||
|align=center|1||Alpha Oumar Konaré|align=center|16 September 2003|align=center|28 April 2008||West Africa||||
|align=center|2||Jean Ping|align=center|28 April 2008|align=center|15 October 2012||Central Africa||||
|align=center|3||Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma|align=center|15 October 2012|align=center|14 March 2017||Southern Africa||||
|align=center|4||Moussa Faki|align=center|14 March 2017|align=center|13 March 2025||Central Africa||||
|align=center|5||Mahamoud Ali Youssouf|align=center|13 March 2025|align=center|Incumbent||East Africa||||

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Chairperson
- **body**: the
African Union Commission
- **insigniasize**: 100px
- **insigniacaption**: Emblem
- **image**: Mahamoud Ali Youssouf (cropped).jpg
- **incumbent**: Mahamoud Ali Youssouf
- **nationality**: Chadian
- **incumbentsince**: 13 March 2025
- **appointer**: Assembly of the African Union, the Assembly
- **termlength**: Four years
- **formation**: 16 September 2003
- **inaugural**: Alpha Oumar Konaré
Central Africa

**Central Africa** is a region of the African continent. It is made up of Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Central African Republic.

## Countries

- Angola
- Cameroon
- The Central African Republic
- Chad,
- The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- The Republic of the Congo
- Equatorial Guinea
- Gabon
- São Tomé and Príncipe

These countries are members of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS).
Moussa Faki

**Moussa Faki Mahamat** ( __, born 21 June 1960) is a Chadian politician and diplomat. He was the 4th Chairperson of the African Union Commission from 2017 until 2025. He was Prime Minister of Chad from 24 June 2003 to 4 February 2005 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from April 2008 to January 2017.

On 30 January 2017, he was elected as Chairperson of the African Union Commission.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Moussa Faki

- **image**: Moussa Faki Mahamat.jpg
- **office**: Chairperson of the African Union Commission, Chair of the African Union Commission
- **deputy**: Thomas Kwesi Quartey
- **term start**: 14 March 2017
- **term end**: 13 March 2025
- **predecessor**: Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
- **successor**: Mahamoud Ali Youssouf
- **office1**: Minister of Foreign Affairs (Chad), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **primeminister1**: Youssouf Saleh Abbas
Emmanuel Nadingar
Djimrangar Dadnadji
Kalzeubet Pahimi Deubet
Albert Pahimi Padacké
- **term start1**: 23 April 2008
- **term end1**: 30 January 2017
- **predecessor1**: Ahmad Allam-Mi
- **successor1**: Hissein Brahim Taha
- **office2**: 11th List of heads of government of Chad, Prime Minister of Chad
- **president2**: Idriss Déby
- **term start2**: 24 June 2003
- **term end2**: 4 February 2005
- **predecessor2**: Haroun Kabadi
- **successor2**: Pascal Yoadimnadji
- **birth place**: Biltine, Chad, Biltine, French Chad, Chad
- **party**: Patriotic Salvation Movement
Jean Ping

**Jean Ping** (; born 24 November 1942) is a Gabonese diplomat and politician.

He was the Minister of State and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Francophonie of the Gabonese Republic from 1999 to 2008, and was President of the United Nations General Assembly from 2004 to 2005 and Chairperson of the Commission of the African Union from 2008 to 2012.

Ping was a candidate in the 2016 Gabonese presidential election against the outgoing president Ali Bongo.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jean Ping
- **image**: Jean Ping 080202-F-1644L-081 0YWDF.jpg
- **office**: Chairperson of the African Union Commission, Chair of the African Union Commission
- **term start**: 28 April 2008
- **term end**: 15 October 2012
- **predecessor**: Alpha Oumar Konaré
- **successor**: Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
- **term start2**: 17 September 2004
- **term end2**: 18 September 2005
- **successor2**: Jan Eliasson
- **birth place**: Omboué, French Equatorial Africa
- **residence**: Libreville
- **office2**: President of the United Nations General Assembly
- **predecessor2**: Julian Hunte
- **alma mater**: University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne
Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma

**Nkosazana Clarice Dlamini-Zuma** (born 27 January 1949), sometimes known by her initials **NDZ**, is a South African politician and anti-apartheid activist. She has been the Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs since May 2019 during the Cyril Ramaphosa presidency. She also had cabinet jobs during the presidencies of Nelson Mandela, Thabo Mbeki, Kgalema Motlanthe and Jacob Zuma (her ex-husband).

From 1982 to 1998, she was married to Jacob Zuma.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
- **image**: Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma 2014.png
- **office**: Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs
- **president**: Cyril Ramaphosa
- **deputy**: Parks Tau, Obed Bapela
- **term start**: 30 May 2019
- **predecessor**: Zweli Mkhize
- **office1**: National Planning Commission of South Africa, Minister in the Presidency
- **president1**: Cyril Ramaphosa
- **term start1**: 28 February 2018
- **term end1**: 29 May 2019
- **predecessor1**: Jeff Radebe
- **successor1**: Jackson Mthembu
- **office2**: Chairperson of the African Union Commission, Chair of the African Union Commission
- **deputy2**: Erastus Mwencha
- **term start2**: 15 October 2012
- **term end2**: 30 January 2017
- **predecessor2**: Jean Ping
- **successor2**: Moussa Faki
- **office3**: Minister of Home Affairs (South Africa), Minister of Home Affairs
- **president3**: Jacob Zuma
- **term start3**: 10 May 2009
- **term end3**: 3 October 2012
- **predecessor3**: Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula
- **successor3**: Naledi Pandor
- **office4**: Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **president4**: Thabo Mbeki
Kgalema Motlanthe
- **term start4**: 14 June 1999
- **term end4**: 10 May 2009
- **predecessor4**: Alfred Baphethuxolo Nzo, Alfred Nzo
- **successor4**: Maite Nkoana-Mashabane
- **office5**: Minister of Health (South Africa), Minister of Health
- **president5**: Nelson Mandela
- **term start5**: 10 May 1994
- **term end5**: 14 June 1999
- **predecessor5**: Rina Venter
- **successor5**: Manto Tshabalala-Msimang
- **birthname**: Nkosazana Clarice Dlamini
- **birth place**: Natal Province, Natal, Union of South Africa, South Africa
- **party**: African National Congress
- **alma mater**: University of Zululand
University of Natal
University of Bristol
University of Liverpool
Edem Kodjo

**Édouard Kodjovi Kodjo**, better known as **Edem Kodjo** (May 23, 1938 – April 11, 2020), was a Togolese politician and diplomat. He was Secretary-General of the Organisation of African Unity from 1978 to 1983; later. He was Prime Minister from 1994 to 1996 and again from 2005 to 2006.

Kodjo was President of the Patriotic Pan-African Convergence (CPP).

Kodjo died on April 11, 2020, in Paris at the age of 81.
President of Togo

This is a list of presidents of Togo since the formation of the post of president in 1960, to the present day.
A total of four people have served as president (not counting one acting president and two interim military officeholders). Additionally, one person, Faure Gnassingbé, has served on two non-consecutive occasions.
Gnassingbé is the incumbent president, since 4 May 2005.

### Election

The president of the Republic is elected by universal, direct and secret suffrage for a mandate of five (05) years.
He is re-eligible.
The election of the president of the Republic takes place by uninominal majority ballot in one (01) round.
The president of the Republic is elected with the majority of the suffrage expressed.
The vote is opened on convocation of the electoral body by decree taken in the Council of Ministers sixty (60) days at least and seventy-five (75) days at most before the expiration of the mandate of the president in office.
No one may be a candidate for the office of the president of the Republic if they:
    1. are not exclusively of Togolese nationality by birth;
    1. are not thirty-five (35) years of age on the date of the deposit of the candidature;
    1. do not enjoy all their civil and political rights;
    1. do not present a general state of physical and mental well-being duly declared by three (03) sworn physicians, designated by the Constitutional Court;
    1. do not reside in the national territory for at least twelve (12) months.
The president of the Republic enters office within the fifteen days which follow the proclamation of the results of the presidential election.

### Oath of office

Before his entry into office, the president of the Republic swears before the Constitutional Court meeting in solemn hearing, in these terms:

### Vacancy

In case of a vacancy of the presidency of the Republic by death, resignation or definitive incapacity, the presidential function is exercised provisionally by the president of the National Assembly.
The vacancy is declared by the Constitutional Court referred to [the matter] by the Government.
The Government convokes the electoral body within the sixty (60) days of the opening of the vacancy for the election of a new president of the Republic.

## Related pages

- Togo
    - List of prime ministers of Togo
- Lists of office-holders
Emmanuel Bodjollé

**Emmanuel Bodjollé** (born 1928) is a Togolese politician. He was Chairman of the nine-member Insurrection Committee that overthrew the government of Togolese President Sylvanus Olympio on 13 January 1963. For two days in January 1963, he was the interim President of Togo.
Christian Poncelet

**Christian Poncelet** (24 March 1928 – 11 September 2020) was a conservative French politician. He was a member of President Nicolas Sarkozy's Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). He was President of the Senate from 1998 to 2008. He was Mayor of Remiremont (Vosges) and has been the President of the General Council of Vosges. From 1979 to 1980, he was a member of the European Parliament.

Poncelet was born in Blaise (now part of Vouziers) in the Ardennes. He died on 11 September 2020 in Remiremont, France at the age of 92.
Senate (France)

The **Senate** (; pronunciation: ) is the upper house of the French Parliament. It represents territorial collectivities of the Republic and French citizens living abroad. The Senate does not have as much power as the lower house, the directly elected National Assembly. Senators had been elected in thirds every three years; this was also changed to one half of their number every three years.
French Parliament

The **French Parliament** ()  is the bicameral legislature of the French Republic. It is made up of the Senate () and the National Assembly (). Each assembly has legislative meetings at different places in Paris: the  for the Senate and the  for the National Assembly.

The National Assembly has more power than the Senate.

## Other websites

- Site of the CHPP (Comité d'histoire parlementaire et politique) and of  _Parlement(s), Revue d'histoire politique_
Silversmith

A **silversmith** is a person who makes things out of the element silver or creates silverware. Silversmiths are similar to goldsmiths, who make things out of gold or things similar to gold. Silversmithing means making something out of silver. There have been silversmiths since ancient times.
Johannes van Knobelsdorff

**Johannes van Knobelsdorff** (19 September 1917 – 2 April 2020) was a Dutch politician. He was born in The Hague. He was mayor of Goedereede and Stellendam from 1947 to 1961. He was also Mayor of Sassenheim from 1961 to 1974. He was also Dijkgraaf.

Knobelsdorff died on 2 April 2020 at the age of 102.
Miguel Ángel Tábet

**Miguel Ángel Tabet Balady** (December 24, 1941 – April 7, 2020) was a Venezuelan theologian, Catholic priest, author, and exegete. He was born in Caracas, Venezuela. Tábet lived and worked in Rome, Italy. He was a professor of biblical hermeneutics, the study of the principles of the Bible, at the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross in Rome.

Tabet died from COVID-19 during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic in Rome, Italy, on April 7, 2020, at the age of 78.
Paul Gilissen

**Paulus Petrus Maria “Paul” Gilissen** (28 August 1934 – 9 April 2020) was a Dutch KVP and later CDA politician. Gilissen was born in Amsterdam. He was mayor of Valkenburg-Houthem from 1976 to 1982 and Valkenburg aan de Geul from 1982 to 1990 and again in 1991.

Gilissen died in Maastricht on 9 April 2020, aged 85.
Bert van de Kamp

**Bert van de Kamp** (8 March 1947 – 9 April 2020) was a Dutch music journalist. He was known for his interviews with pop stars in the Dutch Muziekkrant OOR. He was born in Rotterdam. In 1972 van de Kamp won the prize: _Wordt Popjournalist en Vlieg naar Londen!_.

From 1973 to 1977 he was writer of Muziekkrant OOR. He wrote about many music styles; of hardrock to singer-songwriters. From 1977 to 1980 he was correspondent in London for Muziekkrant OOR and the KRO radio and television magazine Studio. In 1995 he won the first .

Kamp died in Utrecht on 9 April 2020, aged 73.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Music lists of Bert van de Kamp (1973-2004.
Iris M. Zavala

**Iris M. Zavala** (27 December 1936 – 10 April 2020) was a Puerto Rican author, scholar, and poet. She had written over 50 works. Her best known work was _"Nocturna, mas no funesta"_, built on and express this belief.

## Early life and education

She was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico.  In Spain she was a UNESCO fellow at the University Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, and a Ramón LLul fellow at the University of Mallorca. She also taught at the University of Minnesota.

Zavala died from COVID-19 in Madrid during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, at the age of 83.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Iris M. Zavala
- **image**: Iris Zavala.jpg
- **birth date**: 27 December 1936
- **known for**: Her work on "Nocturna, mas no funesta"
Gus Rodríguez

**Gustavo Rodríguez** (May 27, 1960 – April 11, 2020) was an actor, screenwriter, producer, director, gamer, and video game journalist. He was born in Mexico City. He was a known person in video game journalism in Latin America.

In December 1991, he founded one of the most important video game magazines in the region, _Club Nintendo_. The magazine made more than 200 issues, publishing monthly until February 2019.

He dubbed roles in _Wreck It Ralph_, _Shrek 2_, _Ghostbusters_, _Pixels_ and _Night at the Museum 2_.

In 2019, Rodríguez was diagnosed with lung cancer. He died on April 11, 2020 of the disease in Mexico City, aged 59.
Tsvetan Teofanov

**Tsvetan Teophanov **(Bulgarian: Цветан Теофанов; born July 12, 1952), is a Bulgarian figure who has noted for the very first known and famous Bulgarian translation of the Quran, numerous Bulgarian Islamic religious books, and an Arabist. His rise causes his translation of the Quran the most used in the Balkans that was then known throughout the world.

## Biography

He has a degree in Arabic Philology from the University of Baghdad, and a specialization at the University of Cairo. He defended his doctoral (PhD) thesis at the Moscow Institute.

He lectures on Arabic literature, Quran and the Hadith (the science of the Prophet's tradition) as well on the phenomenology of prophecy. Doctor of Philology. He was the Dean of the Faculty of Classical and Modern Philology of Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, as well as the Deputy Dean, Director of the Centre of Oral Languages and Cultures and Head of the Department of Arabic and Semitology.
Gregory W. Carman

**Gregory Wright Carman** (January 31, 1937 – April 5, 2020) was an American judge and politician. He was a United States Judge of the United States Court of International Trade from 1983 to 2014. He was nominated by President Ronald Reagan. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from New York from 1981 to 1983.

Carman was born in Farmingdale, New York. He died on April 5, 2020 in Melville, New York, aged 83.
Farmingdale, New York

**Farmingdale** is an incorporated village on Long Island within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 8,466 at the 2020 Census.

## Other websites

- Farmingdale official website
- Village history

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Farmingdale, New York
- **official name**: Incorporated Village of Farmingdale
- **settlement type**: Village (New York), Village
- **nickname**: "Farmingdale Village"; "The Village"
- **image skyline**: Aero-view of Farmingdale, Nassau County, Long Island, N.Y. 1925. LOC 75694770.jpg
- **pushpin map**: USA New York Long Island#New York
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location on Long Island##Location within the state of New York
- **image map**: Nassau County New York incorporated and unincorporated areas Farmingdale highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Nassau County, New York, Nassau County and the state of New York (state), New York.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name2**: Nassau County, New York, Nassau
- **leader title**: Mayor (United States), Mayor
- **leader title1**: Deputy mayor, Deputy Mayor
- **established title1**: Municipal incorporation, Incorporated
- **established date1**: 1904
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2.83
- **area land km2**: 2.83
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 1.09
- **area land sq mi**: 1.09
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 8466
- **population density km2**: 2987.43
- **population density sq mi**: 7738.57
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation m**: 21
- **elevation ft**: 69
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 11735
- **area code**: Area codes 516 and 363, 516, 363
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-25384
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0949918
- **subdivision type3**: Town (New York), Town
- **subdivision name3**: Oyster Bay (town), New York, Oyster Bay
- **area code type**: Area codes
- **image caption**: Panoramic map of Farmingdale from 1925, with a list of landmarks and several images in the insets at the bottom.
Melville, New York

**Melville** is an affluent hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Huntington in Suffolk County on Long Island, New York, in the United States. The population was 19,284 at the 2020 census.
Carole Baskin

**Carole Baskin** (_née_ **Stairs Jones**; born June 6, 1961) is an American animal rights activist. She is the owner of Big Cat Rescue.

Baskin became well known when she was featured in the 2020 Netflix documentary series _Tiger King: Murder, Mayhem and Madness_ about Oklahoma-based private zoo operator Joe Exotic. Following the series' release, Baskin has been targeted by Internet memes related to the disappearance of Don Lewis, her second husband.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Carole Baskin
- **image**: Carole Baskin September 2019.png
- **alt**: Carole Baskin looks to her right side
- **caption**: Baskin in 2019
- **birth name**: Carole Stairs Jones
- **birth place**: Bexar County, Texas, Bexar County, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **known for**: _Tiger King: Murder, Mayhem and Madness, Tiger King: Murder, Mayhem and Madness<nowiki/>_
- **children**: 1
Disappearance of Don Lewis

**Jack Donald Lewis** (April 30, 1938 –  August 19, 2002) is an American missing person who disappeared on August 18, 1997, after leaving his home in Tampa, Florida. The investigation into his disappearance has led from Lewis's Wildlife on Easy Street sanctuary in Tampa, co-owned by his second wife Carole Baskin, to land owned by Lewis in Costa Rica.

No evidence of Lewis being killed has been found, but investigators believe it is unlikely that he disappeared on his own. Lewis left behind over $5 million. He was declared legally dead in 2002.

As of 2020, the case is still open. Lewis's disappearance was covered in 2020 crime documentary series _Tiger King: Murder, Mayhem and Madness_, which focused on a fight between Baskin and Joe Exotic.

The Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office has used the popularity of _Tiger King_ to help investigate the disappearance. A theory is that his ex-wife Carole fed him to tigers.
Muskingum County, Ohio

**Muskingum County** is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 86,410. Its county seat is Zanesville.
Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron

**Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron** (‎; April 5, 1941 – April 12, 2020) was an Israeli rabbi. He was _Rishon LeZion_ (Chief Rabbi of Israel) from 1993 to 2003. He was Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Bat Yam from 1972 and Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Haifa from 1972 to 1990. He was born in Jerusalem.

Bakshi-Doron died on April 12, 2020 of COVID-19 in Jerusalem.
Glenn Beckert

**Glenn Alfred Beckert** (October 12, 1940 – April 12, 2020) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a second baseman for the Chicago Cubs for nine seasons from 1965 to 1973. He ended his career with the San Diego Padres in 1975. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Beckert died on April 12, 2020 in Florida at the age of 79.
Louis van Dijk

**Louis van Dijk**, also spelled **Louis van Dyke** (27 November 1941 – 12 April 2020), was a Dutch pianist. He was born in Amsterdam. He played with Pim Jacobs and Pieter van Vollenhoven under the name _De Gevleugelde Vrienden_ ("The Winged Friends").

In September 2005, he played at a charity concert at the Concertgebouw to raise funds for New Orleans after the city was hit by Hurricane Katrina. He was awarded the honorary title of Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion.

Dijk died in Laren on 12 April 2020 of cancer, aged 78.

## Other websites

- http://www.louisvandijk.nl
Alexandria Bay, New York

**Alexandria Bay** is a village in Jefferson County, New York, United States, within the town of Alexandria. It is in the Thousand Islands region of northern New York. The population of the village was 924 at the 2020 United States Census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Alexandria Bay, New York
- **settlement type**: Village (United States), Village
- **motto**: "Heart of the Thousand Islands"
- **image skyline**: Boldt Castle 3 db.jpg
- **image caption**: Boldt Castle
- **pushpin map**: New York#USA
- **pushpin label**: Alexandria Bay
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: The Thousand Islands (New York)
- **subdivision type3**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name3**: Jefferson County, New York, Jefferson
- **subdivision type4**: Town (New York), Town
- **subdivision name4**: Alexandria, New York, Alexandria
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 3.90
- **area land km2**: 1.94
- **area water km2**: 1.96
- **area total sq mi**: 1.51
- **area land sq mi**: 0.75
- **area water sq mi**: 0.76
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 924
- **population density km2**: 476.12
- **population density sq mi**: 1233.64
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation ft**: 284
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 13607
- **area code**: Area code 315, 315
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-01187
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0942309
Ted Evans (public servant)

**Edward Alfred Evans**  (4 March 1941 – 12 April 2020) was an Australian senior public servant and economist. He was born in Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. He was a Secretary of the Department of the Treasury from 24 May 1993 through 26 April 2001.

As secretary of the Treasury, he was _ex officio_ member of the boards of several financial institutions.  He was a director of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia between 1993 and 1996, and a member of the board of the Reserve Bank of Australia from 10 May 1993 to 26 April 2001.

Evans died on 12 April 2020, aged 79.
Doug Sanders

**George Douglas Sanders** (July 24, 1933 – April 12, 2020) was an American professional golfer. He won 20 events on the PGA Tour and had four runner-up finishes at major championships. He was born in Cedartown, Georgia. He was a member of the U.S. Ryder Cup team in 1967, which won in Houston.

Sanders died in Houston on April 12, 2020 from dementia-related problems, at the age of 86.
Cedartown, Georgia

**Cedartown** is a city in Polk County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 10,190. The city is the county seat of Polk County.
Polk County, Georgia

**Polk County** is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,853. The county seat is Cedartown. The county was created on December 20, 1851.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Polk County
- **state**: Georgia
- **founded date**: December 20
- **seat wl**: Cedartown
- **largest city wl**: Cedartown
- **area total sq mi**: 312
- **area land sq mi**: 310
- **area water sq mi**: 1.8
- **area percentage**: 0.6%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 42853
- **density sq mi**: 138
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **web**: http://www.polkgeorgia.org/
- **named for**: James K. Polk
- **ex image**: Courthouse of Polk County, Georgia.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Polk County Courthouse in Cedartown
Wynn Handman

**Wynn Handman** (May 19, 1922 – April 11, 2020) was an American educator, producer, director and artist. He was the artistic director of The American Place Theatre, which he co-founded with Sidney Lanier and Michael Tolan in 1963. He was born in New York City.

He was a teacher for over 50 years, in his professional acting classes, Handman has trained many actors including: Alec Baldwin, James Caan, Chris Cooper, Michael Douglas, Sandy Duncan, Mia Farrow, Richard Gere, Joel Grey, Allison Janney, Raul Julia, Frank Langella, John Leguizamo, Susan Lucci, Donna Mills, Burt Reynolds, Mira Sorvino, Christopher Walken, Denzel Washington, Lauren Graham and Joanne Woodward.

Handman died on April 11, 2020 in New York City of pneumonia caused by COVID-19 at the age of 97.