juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
TV+

**TV+** (known until 2018 as **UCV Televisión**, whose letters stand for **Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Televisión**) is a Chilean television network.

### Previous programs

|Program|TV Presenters/Actors|
| --- | --- |
|_UCV TV Noticias Central_|Ángeles Araya|
|Los Años Dorados (sitcom)|Gloria Münchmeyer, Consuelo Holzapfel, Carmen Barros, Ana Reeves|
|_Me Late_|Daniel Fuenzalida.|
|_Bones_ <small>(TV series from Fox, 2005-present)</small> || Emily Deschanel and David Boreanaz.||
|_Malcolm in the Middle_ <small>(TV series from Fox, 2000-2006)</small> || Frankie Muniz.||
|_De Aquí No Sale_|Carla Ochoa y Giancarlo Petaccia|
|_Toc Show_|Juan Carlos (Pollo) Valdivia|
|_Hawaii Five-0_ <small>(TV series from CBS, 2010-present)</small> || Alex O'Loughlin, Scott Caan, Daniel Dae Kim, Grace Park, Masi Oka and Lauren German.||

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: TV+
- **logo**: TV+ (2018).png
- **logo size**: 200px
- **type**: Free-to-air
Commercial broadcasting
Television network
- **country**: Chile
- **area**: Nationwide
- **headquarters**: Santiago, Chile
- **language**: Spanish
- **picture format**: 1080i High-definition television, HDTV
- **terr serv 1**: Digital terrestrial television
Avast Antivirus

**Avast Antivirus** is a brand of antivirus software. It is a free downloadable software that is compatible with Windows XP through Windows 10. It has many features, Avast! Cloud services and upgrades can be bought from inside the program. There are no PC maintenance features. The Avast Antivirus software program is widely available in 45 languages.In May 2013, it was the top download of free antivirus of Softonic.

## Functions

The Avast Antivirus performs many functions, which are given below:

1. Provide computer security
1. Go against spam mails
1. Protect computer from Computer viruses by detecting and removing it, etc.
Humility Cooper

**Humility Cooper** (c. 1619   before 1651) was a passenger on the ship _Mayflower_ in 1620. She was born in Holland to Robert and Joan (Gresham) Cooper of Henlow, Bedfordshire, England about 1619.

Cooper sailed to the New World with her uncle and aunt, Edward and Ann (Cooper) Tilley.  The Tilleys died during their first winter in the New World.

Humility, and her aunt and uncle left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620.  On 19 November 1620, the _Mayflower_ reached land at Cape Cod. They landed on November 21. The group wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. John Tilley was a signer. The _Mayflower_ was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod, at a place now called Provincetown Harbor.

## In Plymouth Colony and back in England

Cooper received one acre of land when land was divided among the Pilgrims in 1623. She was included in the Edward Winslow family. She was also included in the Brewster family when the livestock were divided in 1627 so she lived with them for a time.
In 1651 William Bradford wrote about her saying she "was sent for into England and there died". She was baptized in London on 17 March 1638  when she was aged 19. It is unknown whether she married or had children. Cooper died before 1651.
Resolved White

**Resolved White** (16151687) was a passenger on the _Mayflower_.  Resolved was the oldest child and given his name as the family _resolved_ or "determined" to make a new life for themselves.  They were Separatists and did not believe in the teachings of the Church of England.

## Voyage

Resolved left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the _Mayflower_ spotted land.  The _Mayflower_ was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.  They landed on November 21. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other.

## Life in Plymouth Colony

William White, died in 1621. Resolved's mother married Edward Winslow, another _Mayflower_ passenger.  The family grew and he had five step-brothers and sisters.  One of his step-brothers became Plymouth Colony Governor Josiah Winslow.

When Resolved became a young man he was given 100 acres of land and later he was granted more land. In 1658 he was made a Freeman of Plymouth Colony.  This gave him many rights such as the right to vote.

In 1676, Resolved was a soldier in King Philip's War of 1676 and in 1680.

White married Judith Vassall in 1640. They had seven children: William, John, ResolvedSamuel, Anna, Josiah, Susanna,

White died in 1687 at Winslow Cemetery and was bured by his first wife Judith. The burial place of his second wife Abigail is unknown. There is also a monument in the Winslow Cemetery to "The Settlers of Green Harbor Marshfield" with Resolved White, his wife Judith, and his brother Peregrine White are mentioned.
America's Next Top Model (season 14)

***America's Next Top Model, Cycle 14*** is the fourteenth season of _America's Next Top Model_. This cycle includes 13 contestants. The winner was 24-year-old Krista White from Pine Bluff, Arkansas.

## Contestants

(In alphabetical order)
- Brenda Arens
- Alasia Ballard
- Raina Hein
- Tatianna Kern
- Gabrielle Kniery
- Simone Lewis
- Anslee Payne-Franklin
- Angelea Preston
- Naduah Rugely
- Jessica Serfaty
- Alexandra Underwood
- Ren Vokes
- Krista White

## Episodes

1.
_casting episode_

2.
- Best: Jessica Serfaty
- Worst: Alasia Ballard & Gabrielle Kniery
- Eliminated: Gabrielle Kniery

3.
- Best: Raina Hein
- Worst: Naduah Rugely & Ren Vokes
- Eliminated: Naduah Rugely

4.
- Best: Alasia Ballard
- Worst: Brenda Arens & Ren Vokes
- Eliminated: Ren Vokes

5.
- Best: Alasia Ballard
- Worst: Anslee Payne-Franklin & Simone Lewis
- Eliminated: Simone Lewis

6.
- Best: Jessica Serfaty
- Worst: Tatianna Kern & Alexandra Underwood
- Eliminated: Tatianna Kern

7.
- Best: Angelea Preston
- Worst: Alasia Ballard & Brenda Arens
- Eliminated: Brenda Arens

8.
- Best: Krista White
- Worst: Alexandra Underwood & Anslee Payne-Franklin
- Eliminated: Anslee Payne-Franklin

9.
- Best: Krista White
- Worst: Alasia Ballard & Jessica Serfaty
- Eliminated: Alasia Ballard

10.
- Best: Krista White
- Worst: Jessica Serfaty & Raina Hein
- Eliminated: Jessica Serfaty

11.
- Best: Krista White
- Worst: Alexandra Underwood, Raina Hein & Angelea Preston
- Eliminated: Alexandra Underwood & Angelea Preston

- Final Two: Raina Hein & Krista White
- Winner: Krista White

## Infobox (reality competition season)

- **num contestants**: 13
- **winner**: Krista White


## Infobox (television season)

- **season number**: 14
- **bgcolour**: #545476
- **image upright**: 1.23
- **caption**: Cycle 14 cast
- **country**: United States
- **num episodes**: 12
- **network**: The CW
- **episode list**: List of America's Next Top Model episodes
Ray Harryhausen

**Raymond "Ray" Harryhausen** (June 29, 1920 – May 7, 2013) was an American visual effects creator, writer, and producer. He lived in London, England, from 1960 until his death in 2013. He won an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for the 1949 movie _Mighty Joe Young_. His final work featured in the movie Clash of the Titans.

Harryhausen was born on June 29, 1920 in Los Angeles, California to a German family. He was married to Diana Livingstone Bruce from 1963 until his death in 2013. Harryhausen died on May 7, 2013 in his home in London, England from natural causes, aged 92.

## Other websites

- Mother Goose Stories – complete animation film from 1946 on Archive.org
- A 2003 interview at Netribution
- Ray Harryhausen: An Animation Legend (2004 interview)  at Tail Slate
Same-sex marriage in the United States

**Same-sex marriage** is recognized in all of the United States. As of May 2014, same-sex marriage was legal in 19 states: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont and Washington. It was also legal in Washington, D.C.. On June 26, 2015, the United States Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriage is legal in all states, because of the 14th Amendment.

The movement to give marriage rights and benefits to homosexual couples in the United States began in the 1970s. It grew in United States politics around 1993 when the Supreme Court of Hawaii declared the prohibition in that state to be unconstitutional. It was not until around the 21st century that public support for same-sex marriage began growing. On May 9, 2012, Barack Obama was the first President to declare public support for the legalization of same-sex marriage. On June 26, 2015 the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional (see United States v. Windsor). That section prevented the federal government from recognizing marriages other than marriages between one man and one woman.

On December 13, 2022, the Respect for Marriage Act became law. It was passed by Congress and signed by President Joe Biden. This act says that same-sex marriage must be legal everywhere in the United States. Even if the Supreme Court were to reverse its decision, same-sex marriage would still be protected.
Saab JAS 39 Gripen

The **Saab JAS 39 Gripen** is a fourth-generation fighter aircraft.

## History

It was created by Saab, a Swedish aerospace company, for use in the Swedish Air Force. The decision for a new aircraft system was made by the Minister of Defence, Torsten Gustafsson. It was approved by Parliament in 1982.

## Usage

The Gripen is one of the first multi-role combat aircraft that can be used for fighter, attack and reconnaissance missions as well as switching between them during flight, hence the name of the JAS 39.  ‘J’ stands for the initial of the Swedish language word for "Hunting", meaning attack against air targets, "attack" to attack ground and sea targets, and ‘S’ stands for the Swedish word for "reconnaissance", to take photos and films.  The name _Gripen_ is the result of a contest held in the early 1980s, and means ‘griffin’.

The Gripen aircraft fighter system has for years been the backbone in the Swedish air force. Recently the Swedish government decided to acquire the latest version of the system, Gripen E, and Saab signed an agreement with the Swedish Defence Material Administration about development and modification of Gripen E.
Thames Ditton

**Thames Ditton** is a village in Elmbridge, Surrey.

### Rail

Thames Ditton has a train station.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **shire county**: Surrey
- **dial code**: 020
- **postcode area**: KT
- **postcode district**: KT7
- **post town**: THAMES DITTON
- **constituency westminster**: Esher and Walton (UK Parliament constituency), Esher and Walton
- **region**: South East England
- **shire district**: Borough of Elmbridge, Elmbridge
- **civil parish**: n/a
- **area total km2**: 1.88
- **population ref**: (2011 census)
- **population**: 6,307
- **map type**: Surrey
- **official name**: Thames Ditton
- **os grid reference**: TQ155675
Sylvia Browne

**Sylvia Celeste Shoemaker** (known as **Sylvia Browne**; October 19, 1936 – November 20, 2013) was an American writer and a self-acclaimed psychic. Her predictions began around 1974. She appears on talk shows. She has had her own hour-long radio talk show. In March 2011, Sylvia had a heart attack while in the Hawaiian Islands.

Browne has been the subject of frequent criticism for making psychic predictions that were later proven false. These have included several predictions related to missing persons, most notably Shawn Hornbeck and Amanda Berry.

She was born in Kansas City, Missouri. Browne was Jewish. Browne made many wrong predictions. She predicted that President Barack Obama would not be re-elected as President of the United States. (In September, she made a different prediction that Obama would be re-elected.) Obama won the presidential election in November with 51.06% of the national popular vote and 62% of the electoral college.

In May 2003, she told Larry King in an interview that she would die at the age of 88. Browne died on November 20, 2013 in San Jose, California from heart failure with her husband and children by her side, aged 77.

## Other websites

- Official website
- The Society of Novus Spiritus — Browne's church
- Sylvia Brown's Online Talk Show  at HayHouseradio.com

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sylvia Browne
- **birth name**: Sylvia Celeste Shoemaker
- **birth place**: Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- **death place**: San Jose, California, United States
- **occupation**: Self-described parapsychology, psychic and Mediumship, medium
- **spouse**: Gary Dufresne
(m. 1959–1972; divorced)
Kenzil Dalzell Brown (m. ?-?)
Larry Lee Beck
(m.?-2002; divorced)
Michael (m. 2009-her death)
- **children**: Christopher Dufresne
Paul Dufresne
- **website**: [http://www.sylviabrowne.com/ sylviabrowne.com]
Martín Cárcamo

**Martín Andrés Cárcamo Papic** (born April 21, 1975 in Viña del Mar) is a Chilean television presenter and actor of Basque and Croat origin.

He debuted in television on the Chilean TV channel Rock & Pop where he was the host of _Media Naranja_ and _Noches de Verano_. Later in 2004 he joined TVN, being the host of _Pasiones_, replacing Felipe Camiroaga. In 2008 he replaced Rafael Araneda in _Rojo, Fama Contrafama_. In 2009 was a judge of the Festival de Viña del Mar, and until recently he hosted _Calle 7_.

In October 2010, it was announced that he left TVN to join rival channel "Canal 13", where he will start working in January 2011, at the end of his current contract.

As a theatre actor, Cárcamo was part of _Ellas Quieren y Él No Puede_.

### Canal 2 Rock & Pop

- Media Naranja
- Noches de Verano

### Chilevisión

- Extra Jóvenes
- Ya Siento que Vienen por mí
- Amor a Ciegas
- El Último Apaga la Luz
- Panoramix
- Primer Plano

### Televisión Nacional de Chile

- Pasiones
- Corre Video
- Cada Loco con su Tema
- El Último Pasajero
- Rojo, el valor del talento
- Calle 7

### Canal 13 (Chile)

- Bienvenidos
- Quiero Mi Fiesta
- El Último Pasajero
- Vértigo

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Lanzamiento del Festival de Viña del Mar 2019 - Martín Cárcamo - 01.jpg
- **birth name**: Martín Andrés Cárcamo Papic
- **birth place**: Viña del Mar,
- **occupation**: Television presenter, Actor
Francisca Imboden

**Francisca María Imboden Fernández**, (born July 31, 1972 in Viña del Mar) is a Chilean actress (movies, theater and television).

Francisca is the daughter of Juan Carlos Imboden and María Isabel Fernández. She and her sisters, Catalina and Ignacia, studied at College Français of Viña del Mar, an institution now known as Alliançe Française Jean D'Alambert. Today she is married to Chilean filmmaker Patricio Riesco. She has two daughters and a son.

## Filmography

|colspan="4" style="background: LightSteelBlue;"|Movies||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="4"|2004|_Machuca_|||
|_Infieles_|Andrea||||
|_La Isla_|||||
|_Tendida, Mitando las Estrellas_|||||
|2006|_Fuga|Georgina|||
|1997|_Oro Verde|Alejandra Solari|TVN||
|1998|_Iorana_|Susana Peñailillo|TVN||
|1999|_La Fiera_|Blanca Chamorro|TVN||
|2000|_Romané_|María Salomé|TVN||
|2001|_Pampa Ilusión_|Isidora Fuenzalida|TVN||
|2002|_El Circo de las Montini_|Jessica Mardones|TVN||
|2003|_Pecadores_|Dolores "Lola" Barriga / Elisa Cienfuegos|TVN||
|2004|_Destinos Cruzados_|Fedora Goycolea|TVN||
|2005|_Versus_|Irene Yáñez|TVN||
|2006|_Entre Medias_|Renata Sepúlveda|TVN||
|2007|_Alguien te Mira_|Josefa "Pepi" Morandé|TVN||
|2009|_¿Dónde está Elisa?_|Olivia Domínguez|TVN||
|2009–2010|_Conde Vrolok_|Sister Victoria Buzeta|TVN||
|2010|_40 y Tantos_|Rosario Elizalde|TVN||
|2011|_Peleles_|Susana Leiva|Canal 13||
|2001|_Oveja Nera_|Sor Sarita|TVN||
|rowspan="2"|2003|_Cuentos de Mujeres_|Renata|TVN|
|_La Vida es una Lotería_|María|TVN|||
|rowspan="2"|2004|_Justicia para Todos_|Bernardita de Orrego|TVN|
|_Loco por ti_|Fran|TVN|||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Francisca Imboden
- **image**: Francisca Imboden.jpg
- **birthname**: Francisca María Imboden Fernández
- **birth date**: July 31, 1972
- **birth place**: Viña del Mar,
- **occupation**: Actor, Actress
- **alma mater**: Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
Concerned Women for America

**Concerned Women for America** is a conservative Christian activist group in the United States. It is against abortion, sex education, contraception, feminism, pornography, stem cell research, and LGBT rights. CWA was founded by Beverly LaHaye, the wife of Christian minister Timothy LaHaye around 1979 as a response to activities from the National Organization for Women and a 1978 Barbara Walters interview with the feminist Betty Friedan. The president and CEO is Penny Young Nance.
Raúl Ruiz (director)

**Raúl Ernesto Ruiz Pino** (25 July 1941 – 19 August 2011) was an experimental Chilean movie maker, writer and teacher. His work is best known in France. He directed over 100 films.

## Other websites

- Time magazine obituary (2011) by Richard Corliss

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Raul Ruiz Memoria Chilena.jpg
- **birth name**: Raúl Ernesto Ruiz Pino
- **birth place**: Puerto Montt, Chile
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **othername**: Raoul Ruiz
- **occupation**: Movie director
- **yearsactive**: 1963-2011
Creatine

**Creatine** is a naturally occuring compound, which is used by our body for fast generation of energy. Part of it is provided by our diet, mainly from meat, and the rest is synthesized in the liver and the kidney from three amino-acids: arginine, glycine and methionine. Creatine is stored in the muscles and in the brain, where it is converted to phosphocreatine. Phosphocreatine can be used to quickly produce adenosine triphosphate,  ATP, the main energy sources in the human body and in all other living systems. ATP is made, normally, in our cells by oxidation of food. It can be made faster, but less efficiently, by non-oxidative degradation of sugars. But the fastest way to generate ATP is by using phosphocreatine. In this way our body can generate a lot of energy for a short period of time, in cases when explosive strength is needed, such as weight lifting, or short distance sprinting.

## Effects on the human body

Consumed, or synthesized creatine is stored mainly in the muscles. This leads to increase the size of the muscles. The increase comes from water retention of cells that store creatine. Increased amount of creatine in the muscles improves our performance, especially in maximum strength, short duration exercises. There are indications that creatine can help with the recovery of muscles after intensive exercises.  Creatine is, aslo, taken up by the brain, where it can improve brain cognitive function.

Most of the creatine production will be stored in the skeletal muscle because these muscles need a lot of energy and sometime they need it quickly. Daily about 5% to 10% of the creatine in our body is degraded, therefore, the body constantly produces it - about two grams of creatine per day. This amount can increase after periods of intensive exercises or if not enough creative is present in the food.

Creatine in considered to be safe as a dietary supplement to be taken by adults, children of elderly for up to 5 years.
LEED

**Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design** (**LEED**) is a certification program for the design,  construction and operation of high performance green buildings since 2002. This mark of excellence is known across the world and there are four levels of excellence. There are 100 possible base points distributed across five major credit categories: Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality, plus an additional six points for Innovation in Design and an additional four points for Regional Priority. Buildings can qualify for four levels of certification.

LEED is not a standard but an evaluation grid.  LEED is a way to think up and realise art projects in a durable way. LEED only applies to buildings and not to products.  It is not a prize but a certification that is delivered by the CaGBC (Canada Green Building Consil). They are the ones who will make sure that all the points are well applied and respected.

So, LEED is a grid that helps us obtain a maximum gain of money, health conditions and restrictions on earth pollution.  If there is a house to build in Canada, we must do the excavation and that earth is usually brought to a landfill.  But, if you want to stay within LEED standards, that earth must be left on the site. Also, if you have to demolish a building, you must use and demonstrate that you recycled all materials in the construction. Also, that you used the maximum quantity of material possible from the old building to the one being built.

## Certification

|Certification||Points|
| --- | --- | --- |
|**Silver**|40–49 points||
|**Gold**|60–79 points||
|**Platinum**|80 points and above||

Certified: 40–49 points,
Silver: 50–59 points,
Gold: 60–79 points,
Platinum: 80 points and above

## Benefits and disadvantages

There are several benefits but there are also disadvantages. The biggest disadvantage is the amount of money it takes to start a project. At first, it may seem expensive. If you look at it as a long term investment, though, a LEED project can save a good amount of money.

A 2008 white paper by the Leonardo Academy compared LEED-EB buildings to data from BOMA's Experience Exchange Report in 2007. This showed that LEED-EB certified buildings had better operating cost savings, in 63% of the buildings surveyed. It ranged from $4.94 to $15.59 per square foot of floor space, with an average valuation of $6.68 and a median valuation of $6.07.
Boardwalk Empire

***Boardwalk Empire*** is an American television show. It was created by Terrence Winter, who also created _The Sopranos_. This television show is based on the novel _Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times and the Corruption in Atlantic City_ from Nelson Johnson. The show started on HBO on September 19, 2010. It has been running for three seasons, with a total of 36 episodes. A fourth season will start showing in the second half of 2013.  On September 26, 2013, HBO announced that they were renewing the show for a fifth and final season starting in 2014. The producer is Mark Walhberg, who also produced the show _Entourage_. The show is about one of the first boardwalks in Atlantic City and the rise to power of legendary notorious gangsters like Al Capone, Lucky Luciano and Nucky Johnson (called Nucky Thompson here).

The first episode was produced for US$18 million. _Boardwalk Empire_ has been nominated for 30 Emmy Awards and has won 12 of them. It has also won the Golden Globe Award for best drama TV series. The series was in the top 30 to have ever played on national television. Some of the events of this show have a historical meaning like the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre. Most of the characters are based on real persons.

## Story

The story takes place in Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition Era in the 1920s. It is about the life of main character Nucky Thompson. Thompson was a political figure and controlled a big part of Atlantic City during the 1920s and 1930s. Nucky has one younger brother named Eli who is also the sheriff of the place. During the first episode, alcohol is declared illegal so Nucky goes to bootlegging. He sees profit and a big opportunity there. He deals with corrupt politicians and mobsters from Chicago like Johnny Torrio (Al Capone mentor) and Arnold Rothstein most known for being a big gambler and New York kingpin. He also took an apprentice, Jimmy Darmody a young hero of the First World War, because he sees the potential in him. Nucky will have to deal with Nelson Kasper Van Alden a prohibition agent who watches his every move.

## Sources

- Profile  on HBO
- Official website
- Historia TV
Citroën C6

The **Citroën C6** is a car produced by Citroën. It replaced the XM in 2005 which ended production in 2000. There was only a saloon model available and sales were slow throughout its production life and was discontinued in 2012. This car was used by former French presidents Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy, and from 2012 by François Hollande.
Jeanne Cooper

**Wilma Jeanne Cooper** (or just **Jeanne Cooper**; October 25, 1928 - May 8, 2013) was an American actress. She was best known for her Emmy Award-winning role as Katherine Chancellor on CBS' soap opera _The Young and the Restless_. She was a long serving television actress.

Cooper was born in Taft, California on October 25, 1928. She was raised in Bakersfield, California. Cooper was married to Harry Bernsen, Jr. from 1954 until they divorced in 1977. They had three children, including actor Corbin Bernsen. Cooper died on May 8, 2013 from complications from COPD in Los Angeles, California, aged 84.

## Other websites

- Jeanne Cooper bio  on _The Young and the Restless_ CBS website
- Jeanne Cooper Obituary
AMX-10RC

The **AMX-10RC** is a modern reconnaissance battle tank. It was built for use in the French army, and has been exported to three countries.

## Related pages

- Russian invasion of Ukraine

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: AMX-10RC
- **image**: AMX-10-RC.JPG
- **caption**: AMX 10-RC
- **service**: 1981–present
- **type**: Reconnaissance battle tank
- **is vehicle**: yes
- **used by**:

- **wars**: Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm)
 War in Afghanistan
 war in Mali
- **designer**: GIAT Industries.
- **number**: 457
Phill Lewis

**Phill Lewis** (born September 4, 1968) is an American actor, television director and comedian, often seen in comedic roles. He is best known for his role as Mr. Moseby on Disney Channel's _The Suite Life of Zack & Cody_ and its spin-off, _The Suite Life on Deck_.

Lewis was born in Uganda to an African-American family. His father Delano Lewis, was an U.S. Ambassador to South Africa. In 1993, Lewis was driving under the influence when he struck another car and killed one victim. He was convicted of manslaughter and driving under the influence. He was sentenced to five years in prison.
Richard Wilson

**Richard Wilson**, OBE (born **Iain Carmichael Wilson**; 9 July 1936) is an Scottish actor, theatre director and broadcaster. He is best known for playing Victor Meldrew in the popular BBC sitcom _One Foot in the Grave_ from 1990 until 2000. He also appeared in the BBC drama _Merlin_ as Gaius, the court physician of Camelot.

Wilson was born on 9 July 1936 in Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. In March 2013, Wilson came out as gay.

## Other websites

- The Official Richard Wilson Archive
- Exclusive Interview with Richard Wilson
Dallas Willard

**Dallas Albert Willard** (September 4, 1935 – May 8, 2013) was an American philosopher also known for his writings on Christian spiritual formation. His work in philosophy has been primarily in phenomenology, particularly the work of Edmund Husserl. He was Professor of Philosophy at The University of Southern California.

Willard was born on September 4, 1935 in Buffalo, Missouri. He studied at the William Jewell College, at the Tennessee Temple College, at Baylor University, and at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Willard died on May 8, 2013, after a short battle with cancer in Pasadena, California, aged 77. His last words were "Thank you."

## Other websites

- Dallas Willard's website (including many articles online)
Jason Statham

**Jason Statham** (born 26 July 1967) is an English actor, martial artist and movie producer.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jason Statham
- **image**: Jason Statham 2018.jpg
- **caption**: Statham in 2018
- **birth place**: Shirebrook, Derbyshire, England
- **years active**: 1993–present
- **partner**: Rosie Huntington-Whiteley
(2010–present; engaged)
- **children**: 2
Cyclic compound

In chemistry, a **cyclic compound** is a molecule where some atoms are linked together forming a loop or ring. Most of the time, these molecules are organic. There are also many examples of inorganic molecule forming rings.

Cyclic compounds can be aromatic - in this case they are flat. Benzene is a simple aromatic cyclic compound. When they are not aromatic, rings tend not to be flat to avoid steric effects.

Cyclic compounds are very important. Many drugs are based on them, like aspirin. There are many reactions that can make or break cyclic compounds. One important class of these is pericyclic reactions.
Bryan Forbes

**Bryan Forbes** (**John Theobold Clarke**; 22 July 1926 – 8 May 2013) was a British actor, screenwriter, movie director and producer, and writer. He was known for directing the 1975 horror movie _The Stepford Wives_. He was nominated for an Academy Award.

Forbes was born on 22 July 1926 in Stratford, West Ham, Essex. He was raised in Forest Gate, West Ham. Forbes studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts.

He was married to Constance Smith from 1951 until they divorced in 1954. He was married to Nanette Newman from 1955 until his death 2013. They had two daughters.

Forbes was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1975. In 2012, Forbes said that he was misdiagnosed. Forbes died on 8 May 2013 in Virginia Water, Surrey, England from a long illness, aged 86.

## Other websites

- BFI Screenonline article
- Britmovie article
- Bryan Forbes at hollywood.com
- Bibliography of Forbes' fiction and non-fiction

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bryan Forbes Order of the British Empire, CBE
- **birthname**: John Theobald Clarke
- **birth place**: Stratford, West Ham, Essex, England
- **death place**: Virginia Water, Surrey, England
- **death cause**: Long illness
- **nationality**: British
- **known for**: Directing _The Stepford Wives_ (1975)
- **occupation**: Actor, Screenwriter, Movie producer, Movie director, Author
- **alma mater**: Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts
- **years active**: 1945-2009
- **spouse**:

- **children**: Sarah Standing
Emma Forbes
At the Movies (U.S. TV series)

***At the Movies*** (originally ***Siskel & Ebert & the Movies***, and later ***At the Movies with Ebert and Roeper***) was a movie review television program. It was produced by Disney-ABC Domestic Television. In the program, two movie critics shared their opinions of newly released movies.

Its original hosts were Roger Ebert of the _Chicago Sun-Times_ and Gene Siskel of the _Chicago Tribune_. Richard Roeper of the _Sun-Times_ became Ebert's regular partner in 2000 after Siskel died in 1999. The series ran for 24 seasons in first run syndication from September 13, 1986 through August 14, 2010.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Film review
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 24
- **runtime**: 30 minutes
- **network**: Television syndication, Syndication
Saul Bass

**Saul Bass** (May 8, 1920 – April 25, 1996) was an American graphic designer and Academy Award-winning filmmaker, best known for his design of motion picture title sequences, movie posters, and corporate logos. Bass designed some of the most iconic corporate logos in North America, including the AT&T "bell" logo in 1969, as well as AT&T's "globe" logo in 1983.

Bass was born on May 8, 1920 in New York City, New York. He studied at James Monroe High School and at Brooklyn College. Bass was married to Elaine Makatura from 1961 until his death in 1996. They had two children. Bass died on April 25, 1996 in his home in Los Angeles, California from an illness, aged 75.

## Other websites

- Titles Designed by Saul Bass (still sequences & commentary)
- Saul Bass Title Sequences on Art of the Title
- Title Sequences from Saul Bass (videos & commentary)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Saul Bass
- **image**: Saul Bass gesturing, RIT NandE Vol11Num19 1979 May10 Complete (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Graphic designer, title designer, movie director
- **spouse**: (his death)
- **children**: 2
Dominoes

**Dominoes** is a game played with small tiles called dominoes. A domino is a rectangular tile with a line in the middle that separates it into two sides. Each side has a number of black spots. The number of spots is different on each domino. Some dominoes have a  side that is blank. The games possible with these objects resemble card games.

## Other websites

- Games
Ariel Castro kidnappings

The **2013 Cleveland, Ohio, missing trio** were three young women from Cleveland, Ohio who had been missing for between nine and eleven years when they were found alive May 6, 2013. The three women, Amanda Berry, Georgina "Gina" DeJesus and Michelle Knight, were found inside a house that was owned by the person who was thought to have kidnapped them. The six-year-old daughter (whose father is just the criminal, Ariel Castro) of Amanda Berry also escaped from the area. Knight disappeared in August 2002 at age 21, Berry in April 2003 and DeJesus the next year. Ariel Castro (July 10, 1960 – September 3, 2013) was charged with seven counts, four for kidnapping and three for rape. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. He committed suicide in his prison cell on September 3, 2013.
Johnson Space Center

The **Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center** is in Houston Texas. Part of NASA, it employs over 3000 people. It trains astronauts.

## Related pages

- NASA

## Other websites

- NASA Johnson Center site
The Red Badge of Courage

***The Red Badge of Courage*** is a novel by Stephen Crane. It was published in 1895 by D. Appleton & Co. It tells of a young man's combat experiences during the American Civil War. It received mostly good reviews. It was made into a movie in 1951 starring WWII hero, Audie Murphy.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Red Badge of Courage
- **image**: TheRedBadgeOfCourage.jpg
- **author**: Stephen Crane
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Novel
- **publisher**: D. Appleton & Co
- **release date**: 1895
- **media type**: Print
American Family Association

The **American Family Association** (**AFA** in short) is a Christian fundamentalist group United States. They are against homosexuality, same-sex marriage and abortion. They also have positions on a number of other issues. The group is located in Tupelo, Mississippi. It was founded in 1977.
Southern Poverty Law Center

The **Southern Poverty Law Center** (**SPLC**) is a United States nonprofit civil rights organization. It has had legal victories against white supremacist groups. It fights civil rights violations and lawsuits about the separation of church and state.

The SPLC keeps a list of hate groups in the United States.  Hate groups persecute or attack entire groups of people because of those people's race, ethnicity, skin color, religion, or home country.

The SPLC was established around 1971 in Montgomery, Alabama by Morris Dees, Joseph J. Levin Jr. and Julian Bond.

## Infobox (organization)

- **logo**: SPLC logo (2023).svg
- **logo size**: 200px
- **location**: Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.
Separation of church and state

**Separation of church and state** is a phrase coined by Thomas Jefferson that refers to keeping government affairs separate from religious affairs. Most states in the world today are secular states have this separation, but some states (those that are theocracies or that have state religions) do not.

### United States

The phrase "separation of church and state" was coined by Thomas Jefferson, a Founding Father served as President of the United States from 1801–1809. While the phrase itself is not used, a clause preventing state religion exists in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution:> Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

## Other page

- Secular state
- Secularism
- Freedom of religion
- Religious rejection of politics
Lawrenceville, Georgia

**Lawrenceville** is a city in Gwinnett County, Georgia, in the United States.  It is the county seat of Gwinnett County and is the second oldest city in the Atlanta metropolitan area.  According to the 2020 census, 30,629 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lawrenceville, Georgia
- **nickname**: The Crepe Myrtle City
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Gwinnett County Courthouse GA.jpg
- **image caption**: Gwinnett County Courthouse
- **image map**: Gwinnett_County_Georgia_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Lawrenceville_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location in Gwinnett County, Georgia, Gwinnett County and the state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **pushpin map**: Metro Atlanta
- **pushpin label**: Lawrenceville
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Lawrenceville in Metro Atlanta
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state), County
- **subdivision name2**: Gwinnett County, Georgia, Gwinnett
- **government type**: Mayor-council government
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 35.73
- **area land km2**: 35.46
- **area water km2**: 0.28
- **area total sq mi**: 13.80
- **area land sq mi**: 13.69
- **area water sq mi**: 0.11
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 30629
- **population density km2**: 863.83
- **population density sq mi**: 2237.33
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation ft**: 1083
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 30042-30046, 30049
- **area code**: Area code 404, 404/Area code 678, 678/Area code 770, 770
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 13-45488
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2404897
- **named for**: James Lawrence
Aimee Teegarden

**Aimee Richelle Teegarden** (born October 10, 1989) is an American actress. She played Jenny Randall in the 2011 movie _Scream 4_. She was born in Downey, California. She modeled for campaigns including Old Navy, Tommy Hilfiger and Hollister.
Edward Mooney House

The **Edward Mooney House** is at 18 Bowery at the corner of Pell Street in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is in an area which is today known as Chinatown. The house was built between 1785 and 1789 by rich butcher Edward Mooney on land that was originally part of the Doyer bouwerie (farm) and afterwards belonged to the British Loyalist James Delancey. The land was confiscated by the new American Government after the American Revolution and sold at auction. Mooney would live in the house untul his death in 1800.

The house was built of brick in the Early Federal style. It has three stories plus an attic and full basement. The home was built close to the slaughterhouses, holding pens and tanneries just east of the freshwater Collect Pond.

In 1807, the size of the house was doubled by an addition to the rear. The house would be used as a private residence until the 1820s. Later, it has been a hotel, brothel and Barney Flynn's saloon.

The house was designated a New York City landmark in 1966 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The Edward Mooney House was sold in January 2013 for $5.4 million dollars.

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Edward Mooney House
- **image**: Edward Mooney House 18 Bowery.jpg
- **caption**: (2013)
- **location**: 18 Bowery
Manhattan, New York City
- **locmapin**: Lower Manhattan#New York#USA
- **map label**: Edward Mooney House
- **built**: between 1785 and 1789
- **architecture**: Georgian architecture, Georgian, Federal architecture, Early Federal
- **added**: December 12, 1976
- **governing body**: Private
- **refnum**: 76001245
- **designated other2 name**: NYC Landmark
- **designated other2 date**: August 23, 1966
- **designated other2 abbr**: NYCL
- **designated other2 link**: New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
- **designated other2 color**: #ffe978
Color depth

In Computer graphics, the term **color depth** is used to specify the _amount_ of color used. Usually it is measured in bits per pixel. One bit can represent two different values. It is known as monochrome or black and white. 16 bit color depth is known as "high color", 24
bits per pixel are known as truecolor. There are also systems with color depths of 30, 36, or 48 bits per pixel. The RGB color model uses 8 bits per pixel, for a total of 24 bits. There may be an extra Alpha channel, with another 8 bits (so a total of 32 bits). Phase Alternating Line, a standard for televisions uses 32 bits per pixel, with a YUV color space.
Underground hip hop

**Underground hip hop** is a form of hip hop music that is performed by independent musicians who are signed to an independent record label or no label at all. The genre is known as being positive, socially conscious, or anti-commercial.
Rap rock

**Rap rock** (also called **rock rap** or **rock hip hop**) is a genre of music that combines the vocals and compositions of hip hop with many forms of rock.

Rap rock has become popular with its sub-genres rap metal and rapcore. Some of the most famous rap rock musicians include Linkin Park, Ice-T, Hollywood Undead, P.O.D., Vanilla Ice, Kid Rock, Eminem, Deuce, Bizzy Bone and Roscoe Dash. The genre began during the 1980s and it is still popular today.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Rap rock
- **bgcolor**: darkblue
- **color**: white
- **cultural origins**: Mid-1980s, United States
- **popularity**: Underground in the 1980s, moderate popularity in the early 1990s, gained much mainstream success in the mid to late 1990s
- **subgenres**: * Rap metal
* rapcore
- **other topics**: * Alternative hip hop
* trip hop
* nu metal
Hardcore hip hop

**Hardcore hip hop** (or **Hardcore rap**) is a form of hip hop that originated in the East Coast hip hop scene. It is known for being aggressive with noisy instruments. The most common things that hardcore artists talk about include sex, nudity, partying, drugs, profanity, police brutality, racism, personal conflicts, consciousness, social issues and the harsh surroundings of the rapper's environment. Types of music inspired by hardcore hip hop include gangsta rap (a type of rap about urban crime and the violent lifestyles of young people in cities), horrorcore (hip hop with horror-themed lyrics and images) and most recently trap (a form of southern hip hop).

## Notable artists

- 2pac
- The Notorious B.I.G.
- DMX
- Kendrick Lamar
- Common
- Big L
- KRS-One
- Ice Cube
- Earl Sweatshirt
- Waka Flocka Flame
- Young Buck
- Young Jeezy
- Fat Joe
- Hopsin
- Eazy-E
- N.W.A.
- 50 Cent
- Jay-Z
- Nas
- T.I.
- Jadakiss
- Lil Wayne
- Mobb Deep
- Three 6 Mafia
- Eminem
- Insane Clown Posse
- The LOX
- Scarface
- SPM
- Dr. Dre
- Master P
- Wu-Tang Clan
- Tech N9ne
- Ludacris
- Gucci Mane
- 2 Chainz
- Snoop Dogg

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Hardcore hip hop
- **bgcolor**: Silver
- **color**: white
- **stylistic origins**: Hip hop music, Hip hop
- **cultural origins**: mid-1980s
- **instruments**: Various
- **popularity**: Made a breakthrough in the early 1990s, became popular in the mid-1990s
- **derivatives**: * Gangsta rap
* Horrorcore
* Mafioso rap
* Trap (music genre), Trap
- **regional scenes**: * Southwest hip hop
* West Coast hip hop
* East Coast hip hop
* Southern hip hop
* Midwest hip hop
* North Coast Hip Hop
* Hip hop music in the Pacific Northwest, Northwest hip hop
ESTCube-1

**ESTCube-1** was the first satellite from Estonia. It was made as part of the Estonian Student Satellite Program, and was launched on 7 May 2013 on a Vega rocket. The satellite is a project in which university and high-school students took part. The CubeSat standard for nanosatellites was followed while it was built, resulting in a 10x10x11.35 cm cube, with a volume of 1 liter and a mass of 1.048 kg.

ESTCube-1 was put into orbit by Arianespace, using a Vega rocket which took off from ELA-1 at Kourou at 02:06:31 UTC on 7 May 2013 at a height of 670 kilometres.

## Infobox (spaceflight)

- **name**: ESTCube-1
- **image**: ESTCube-1 illustration.jpg
- **image caption**: ESTCube-1 illustration
- **mission type**: Technology
- **operator**: University of Tartu
- **website**: http://www.estcube.eu/en/home
- **cospar id**: 2013-021C
- **satcat**: 39161
- **mission duration**: (achieved)
- **power**: 3.6W
- **launch date**:  UTC
- **launch rocket**: Vega (rocket), Vega Vega flight VV02, flight VV02
- **launch site**: Guiana Space Centre, Kourou ELA-1
- **launch contractor**: ESA
- **deactivated**:  UTC
- **last contact**: 19 May 2015
- **decay date**: 2038_*estimated_
- **orbit reference**: geocentric orbit, Geocentric
- **orbit regime**: Low Earth orbit, Low Earth
- **orbit periapsis**: 665 km
- **orbit apoapsis**: 665 km
- **orbit inclination**: 98.129 degrees
- **orbit period**: 98.03 minutes
- **apsis**: gee
Sociolect

**Sociolect** is a form of language spoken by a particular social class, ethnic group, or age group in society.

## Other websites

- Social dialect  at grammar.about.com
Mark Rothko

**Mark Rothko** (September 25, 1903 – February 25, 1970) was a Latvian-American modern artist. He was born in a part of the Russian Empire that is now in Latvia, but lived in America for most of his life. He was Jewish. He committed suicide in New York City, at the age of 66, by taking an overdose of anti-depressants and slashing his arms with a razor.

His most famous work is known as abstract expressionism or color field painting. In 2012, one of his works sold for $86.9 million.

## Rothko's work

Rothko's work matured into rectangular fields of color and light. However, between the  early period, and the later fields of color, was a long period of transition, marked by two important events in Rothko's life: the onset of World War II and his reading of Friedrich Nietzsche.

From October 1948, after the death of his mother, Rothko started using symmetrical rectangular blocks of two to three opposing or contrasting, yet complementary, colors. Also, for the next seven years, Rothko painted in oil only on large canvases with vertical formats. Very large-scale designs were used to overwhelm the viewer, or to make the viewer feel "enveloped within" the painting. For some critics, the large size was an attempt to make up for a lack of substance. In retaliation, Rothko stated:

- "I realize that historically the function of painting large pictures is painting something very grandiose and pompous. The reason I paint them, however . . . is precisely because I want to be very intimate and human. To paint a small picture is to place yourself outside your experience, to look upon an experience as a stereopticon view or with a reducing glass. However you paint the larger picture, you are in it. It isn’t something you command".

He even suggested that viewers position themselves as little as eighteen inches away from the canvas so that they might experience a sense of intimacy, as well as awe, a transcendence of the individual, and a sense of the unknown.

## Other websites

- National Gallery of Art
WINS (AM)

**WINS** is a radio station in New York City, New York. It first started in 1924. It is an all-news station, using that format since 1965. It is the oldest all-news station in the United States. It is known on-air as **Ten-Ten Wins**. It is owned by Audacy.

When the station first started, it played rock and roll music. It switched to the all-news format on April 19, 1965, going with that format around the clock. Since then, the format has not seen a lot of changes, and it has been a very successful format.

WINS is known for its teletype sound effect that plays in the background and its slogans "All News, All the Time," "The Newswatch Never Stops," "Listen 2, 3, 4 times a day," and "You give us 22 minutes, we'll give you the world." The latter slogan refers to how a segment plays every 20 minutes. While other stations have stopped using the teletype sound effect, WINS has kept it.

## Other websites

- WINS website
- WINS - Historical profile