Florence

**Florence** () is the capital city of the region of Tuscany (), in Italy. From 1865 to 1870 the city was also the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. Florence is on the Arno River. The city has a population of around 370,000 people, and a suburban population of over 2,000,000 people. The greater area has around 956,000 people. The city was a center of medieval European trade and finance. It is often considered the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance and was long ruled by the Medici family. Florence is also famous for its fine art and architecture. It is said that, of the 1,000 most important European artists of the second millennium, 350 lived or worked in Florence.

## Buildings and monuments

Bridges:
- Ponte Amerigo Vespucci
- Ponte Santa Trinita
- Ponte Vecchio
- Ponte alle Grazie

Museums:
- Institute and Museum of the History of Science
- La Specola
- Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze
- National Archaeological Museum

Palaces:

Churches:

## Famous people born in Florence

- Leone Battista Alberti, polymath.
- Dante Alighieri, poet.
- Filippo Brunelleschi, famous architect.
- Giotto di Bondone, early 14th century painter
- Michelangelo Buonarroti, a famous sculptor, also famous for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
- The Medici Family
- Girolamo Mei, historian and humanist
- Lorenzo Ghiberti, sculptor
- Donatello, sculptor
- Leonardo da Vinci, famous for his Mona Lisa and other paintings, inventions, and scientific experiments.
- Niccolò Machiavelli, famous Renaissance poet and philosopher
- Giorgio Vasari, painter, architect, and historian
- Galileo Galilei, Italian physicist, astronomer, and philosopher.
- Oriana Fallaci, journalist and author
- Florence Nightingale, pioneer of modern nursing, and a noted statistician.
- Salvatore Ferragamo, Legendary "shoemaker to the stars"

## Parks

- Boboli's Garden: a historic park of Florence, joined with Pitti Palace and with Forte di Belvedere. The garden is visited every year by 800,000 tourists, it is famous for its flowers and for the very old sculptures.
- Bobolino's Garden: It is a public park in Florence,near "Porta Romana",the park gains the name by the most famous "Boboli's Garden",the Bobolino's Garden is smaller than the Boboli's Garden.
- Bardini's Garden: The garden is in the hills of south of the city,near the "Forte Belvedere", near the Boboli's Garden. By Piazzale Michelangelo the park is visible. In June 2007, the garden opened after a big work of re-building.
- Garden of Roses: a very nice park in the "Oltrarno" zone,near Piazzale Michelangelo,in "Giuseppe Poggi" Street.
- Garden of Iris: a green park in the east of Piazzale Michelangelo. It is open to tourists only in May.
- Park of Cascine: called friendly "Le Cascine". It is the biggest public garden in Florence.
- Garden of Semplici: the garden is a part of "Museum of history and nature of Florence University".
- Orti Oricellari: Orti Oricellari is a small monumental garden near Santa Maria Novella, The garden was owened by "Rucellai Family".

## Sport

The football team of Florence is the Fiorentina.

## Cuisine

The food of Florence is based more on peasant eating rather than expensive cooking. Most of foods are based on meat. The whole animal was usually eaten. Many kinds of tripe, (trippa) and (lampredotto) were commonly served. They are still sold at the food carts in the city. Antipasti include _crostini toscani_, sliced bread topped with a chicken liver-based pâté. Also common are sliced meats (mainly prosciutto and salami). They are often served with melon when it is in season. Tuscan bread has no salt or butter. It is used often in Florentine meals. It is very common in the local soups, _ribollita_ and _pappa al pomodoro_, Both soups are usually served with local olive oil. The bread is also used in the salad of bread and fresh vegetables called _panzanella_ that is served in summer. The most famous main course is the _bistecca alla fiorentina_. It is a huge steak of Chianina beef that is cooked over hot charcoal. It is served very rare with the _tagliata_, sliced rare beef served on a bed of arugula, often with slices of parmesan cheese on top.

## Climate

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|style="background: #FFFFCC; color: black;"|2 (35)|style="background: #FFFFCC; color: black;"|3 (37)|style="background: #FFFFCC; color: black;"|5 (41)|style="background: #FFFF99; color: black;"|8 (46)|style="background: #FFCC66; color: black;"|11 (52)|style="background: #FFCC66; color: black;"|15 (59)|style="background: #FFCC66; color: black;"|17 (63)|style="background: #FFCC66; color: black;"|17 (63)|style="background: #FFCC66; color: black;"|14 (58)|style="background: #FFFF99; color: black;"|10 (50)|style="background: #FFFFCC; color: black;"|6 (42)|style="background: #FFFFCC; color: black;"|2 (36)|style="background: #FFFF99; color: black;"|9 (49)|||
|style="background: #2288BB;"|2.90 (73.60)|style="background: #2288BB;"|2.70 (68.58)|style="background: #44AADD;"|3.20 (81.28)|style="background: #44AADD;"|3.10 (78.74)|style="background: #44AADD;"|2.90 (73.66)|style="background: #66CCFF;"|2.20 (55.88)|style="background: #66CCFF;"|1.60 (40.64)|style="background: #66CCFF;"|3.00 (76.20)|style="background: #66CCFF;"|3.10 (78.74)|style="background: #44AADD;"|3.50 (88.90)|style="background: #2288BB;"|4.40 (111.76)|style="background: #2288BB;"|3.60 (91.44)|style="background: #2288BB;"|36.20 (919.48)|||

Florence has a mixed Mediterranean climate and humid subtropical climate, with hot and humid summers and cool and damp winters. Florence is especially hot from June to August (surrounded by hills in a valley cut by the Arno river). Summer temperatures are higher than those along coastlines. Winter has some snow.

## Other websites

- The Moscow Florentine Society