juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sven-Erik Magnusson

**Knut Sven-Erik Magnusson** (13 October 1942 – 22 March 2017) was a Swedish singer and musician. He was known for being the lead singer of the danceband Sven-Ingvars. The band had its last tour during the summer of 2016 with their last show on 21 August in Blekinge. He was born in Slottsbron, Sweden.

Magnusson died on 22 March 2017 of prostate cancer in Karlstad, Sweden, aged 74.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sven-Erik Magnusson
- **image**: Sven-Erik Magnusson 2016.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Sven-Erik Magnusson in August 2016.
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Slottsbron, Sweden
- **death place**: Karlstad, Sweden
- **genre**: dansband, dansband music, rock music, rock
- **occupation**: singer, musician
- **instrument**: guitar, saxophone, clarinet
- **years active**: –
Dallas Green (baseball)

**George Dallas Green** (August 4, 1934 – March 22, 2017) was an American pitcher, manager, and executive in Major League Baseball.

After playing for the Philadelphia Phillies and two other teams (Washington Senators and the New York Mets), he went on to manage the Phillies, the New York Yankees, and the New York Mets. He managed the Phillies when they won their first World Series title in 1980 over the Kansas City Royals.

Green had a losing record both as a pitcher and as a manager. Nonetheless, in 1983, he was inducted into the Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame.

Green was born in Newport, Delaware. He studied at the University of Delaware. Green died at a hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 22, 2017 from kidney failure and pneumonia, aged 82.

## Other websites

- Career Bio  at BaseballLibrary.com
Pete Hamilton

**Peter "Pete" Hamilton** (July 20, 1942 – March 21, 2017) was an American NASCAR racer. He was born in Dedham, Massachusetts. He won four times in his career (including the 1970 Daytona 500), three times driving for Petty Enterprises.

Hamilton died in Boston, Massachusetts on March 21, 2017, aged 74.

## Other websites

- "2 Minutes With.." Interview Video
Lembit Ulfsak

**Lembit Ulfsak** (4 July 1947 – 22 March 2017) was an Estonian stage and movie actor.

Ulfsak starred in the 2014 movie _Tangerines_. He was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards. It was also among the five nominated movie at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards for best foreign language movie.

Ulfsak died on 22 March 2017 in Tallinn at the age of 69.
Morgana King

**Morgana King** (June 4, 1930 – March 22, 2018) was an American jazz singer and actress. Her best known role was that of Carmela Corleone in _The Godfather_ (1972) and _The Godfather Part II_ (1974).

King was born in Pleasantville, New York. She was raised in New York City. King died, aged 87, of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Palm Springs, California, on March 22, 2018.

## Other websites

- Morgana King at Verve Records
- Morgana King at Billboard.com
- Morgana King at Last.fm
2017 Westminster attack

The **2017 Westminster attack** was a terrorist attack which happened on 22 March in London, England. The attack took place on Westminster Bridge, in Parliament Square and within the grounds of the Palace of Westminster.

A Hyundai vehicle was driven into a crowd of people near the palace gates, and the attacker stabbed a police officer, who later died due to his injuries. Five people—including pedestrians on the bridge, the stabbed police officer and the attacker—were confirmed dead.

It was the first and largest major attack to occur in London since the 7 July 2005 London bombings. The motivation was suspected to be linked to Islamic terrorism.

## Attacker

The attacker was identified by the Metropolitan Police as 52-year-old Briton Khalid Masood. Born Adrian Russell Elms, possibly later changed to Adrian Russell Ajao.

Local media report that in 2009 he underwent
conversion to Islam while in prison, after which he changed his name to Khalid Masood. Police said he also used several other aliases, including Khalid Choudry. Masood was born in Kent and detectives believe he was most recently living in the West Midlands. Masood was reported to have been an English teacher or tutor in Saudi Arabia sometime between 2005 and 2009. Then he returned to the United Kingdom and  worked as a teacher of English as a second language in Luton.

Masood had been previously investigated by MI5, but Scotland Yard said that he was not the subject of any current investigations. There was no prior intelligence about his intent to mount a terrorist attack. He had a range of previous convictions for assaults, including grievous bodily harm, possession of offensive weapons and public order offences going back to 1983. He had not been convicted of any terrorism offences. Pictures of Masood being treated by medics were shown by some news outlets.

## Other websites

- Live reports at BBC News
- Live reports at ITN News
- Live reports at Sky News
- Live reports at _The Telegraph_

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: 2017 Westminster attack
- **partof**: Islamic terrorism in Europe (2014–present)
- **location**: Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- **date**: 22 March 2017
- **time**: 14:40
- **timezone**: Greenwich Mean Time, GMT (UTC)
- **fatalities**: 6 (4 pedestrians, 1 police officer, and the perpetrator)
- **injuries**: 49
- **perpetrator**: Khalid Masood
- **motive**: Revenge for Western military action in the Middle East
Lemon & Paeroa

**Lemon & Paeroa** (**L&P**) is the name of a soft drink from New Zealand. It was first made in 1907 and today is owned and made by the Coca-Cola Company. The ingredients in it are lemon juice and mineral water.
Fresquel

The **Fresquel** is a river in southern France, a left tributary of the Aude river. The river flows mainly through the French department of Aude.

## Geography

The Fresquel river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Carcassonne in the Aude department.

**Average monthly discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) at Carcassonne**

### Course

The Fresquel river starts at the northwest of the Aude department, in the _commune_ of Baraigne, at an elevation of about .

It flows, first, to the west to the Haute-Garonne department and then to the north where it gets again into the Aude department near Seuil de Naurouze and then to the east. Finally, it joins the Aude river as a left tributary, at an elevation of about  at Carcassonne.

### Communes

The Fresquel passes through 1 region (Occitanie), 2 departments and 24 _communes_; some of the _communes_ are:

- **Aude** : Baraigne, Labastide-d'Anjou, Ricaud, Souilhanels, Castelnaudary, Saint-Martin-Lalande, Lasbordes, Villepinte, Bram, Alzonne, Pezens, Ventenac-Cabardès, Pennautier, Carcassonne
- **Haute-Garonne** : Avignonet-Lauragais

## Main tributaries

The main tributaries of the Fresquel river are:

**Left tributaries**:
- Lampy - 29.3 km
- Rougeanne - 33.6 km

**Right tributaries**:
- Tréboul - 22.6 km

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France

## Other websites

- Banque Hydro - Station Y1364010 - The Fresquel in Carcassonne (Pont Rouge) - (option Synthèse)

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Fresquel
- **image**: Source-Fresquel.jpg
- **image caption**: Source (river or stream), Source of the Fresquel river
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: France
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of France, Region
- **subdivision name2**: Occitanie
- **subdivision type3**: Departments of France, Department
- **subdivision name3**: Aude, Haute-Garonne
- **subdivision type4**: Communes of France, Communes
- **subdivision name4**: #Communes, See list
- **tributaries left**: Lampy, Rougeanne
- **tributaries right**: Tréboul
- **source1 location**: Baraigne, Aude
- **mouth**: Rhône
- **mouth location**: Carcassonne, Aude, Occitanie, France
- **discharge1 location**: Carcassonne
Al D'Amato

**Alfonse Marcello "Al" D'Amato** (born August 1, 1937) is an American lawyer and former New York politician. He was a Republican. He served as United States Senator from New York from 1981 to 1999. He later founded a lobbying firm, Park Strategies.

Since he left office in 1999, New York has not elected another Republican to the U.S. Senate.

## Infobox (senator)

- **image name**: Alfonse D'Amato.jpg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: New York (state), New York
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **term start**: January 3, 1981
- **term end**: January 3, 1999
- **preceded**: Jacob K. Javits
- **succeeded**: Chuck Schumer
- **order2**: Chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
- **term start2**: January 3, 1995
- **term end2**: January 3, 1999
- **preceded2**: Donald W. Riegle, Jr., Donald Riegle
- **succeeded2**: Phil Gramm
- **birth name**: Alfonse Marcello D'Amato
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **spouse**: Penelope (m. 1960, div. 1995)
Katuria Elizabeth Smith (2004–present)
- **alma mater**: Syracuse University <small>(Bachelor of Science, B.S., Juris Doctor, J.D.)</small>
- **occupation**: Lawyer, Attorney
Henk Krol

**Henricus Cornelis Maria "Henk" Krol** (born 1 April 1950 in Tilburg) is a former Dutch journalist, businessman, and politician of 50PLUS (50+), the Party for the Future (PvdT), and the Henk Krol List (HKL). He was political leader of 50+ from 2012 to 2020 (succeeded by Liane den Haan). He is gay and an LGBT rights activist.

He was a member and parliamentary leader of the Second Chamber from 2012 to 2013, and from 2014 to 2021. Previously he was a member of the Provincial States of North Brabant and councillor of the municipality of Eindhoven.

Krol studied psychology at the Free University Amsterdam. He was spokesman of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) parliamentary group from 1978 to 1985. Meanwhile, in 1979, he founded the LGBT newspaper Gay Krant, for which he also worked as a journalist.

He was also owner of the Best Publishing Group (publishing company of the Gay Krant) and online sex shop Gaytel, which went bankrupt in 2013.

## References

- Bio at Parlement.com
Alia Bhatt

**Alia Bhatt** (; born 15 March 1993) is a British actress who mainly works in Bollywood movies. She first acted as a child in _Sangharsh_ (1999). Her first main role was in the romantic comedy-drama _Student of the Year_ (2012), which got her a Filmfare nomination for Best Female Debut. After that, Alia acted in many hit movies and was praised for her acting in _Highway_ (2014), _Udta Punjab_ (2016), and _Raazi_ (2018).

In addition to acting in films, Bhatt supports many brands and products. She also performs at stage and award shows. She has sung several songs in her movies as a playback singer. She is married to actor Ranbir Kapoor, and they have a daughter together.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alia Bhatt
- **image**: Alia-Bhatt-grace-the-red-carpet-of-the-25th-ITA-Awards-26 (cropped).jpg
- **alt**: Alia Bhatt is seen smiling at the camera
- **caption**: Bhatt at 2025
- **birth place**: Bombay, India
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2012–present
- **works**: Alia Bhatt filmography, Full list
- **children**: 1
- **father**: Mahesh Bhatt
- **mother**: Soni Razdan
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Alia Bhatt, Full list
Kees van der Staaij

**Cornelis Gerrit "Kees" van der Staaij** (born 12 September 1968 in Vlaardingen) is a Dutch politician of the Reformed Political Party (SGP). He was a political leader from 2010 until 2023.

## Education and career

He was a member of the Second Chamber from 1998 until 2023.

Van der Staaij studied law at Leiden University and worked at the Council of State.

He has written some books on the Christian faith and politics. He is a Reformed Christian, and a strong supporter of Biblical values.

## References

- Bio at Parlement.com

## Other websites

- Bio at the House of Representatives of The Netherlands

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kees van der Staaij
- **image**: KeesvanderStaaijDirkHol2016.jpg
- **office**: Leader of the Reformed Political Party
- **term start**: 27 March 2010
- **term end**: 25 August 2023
- **predecessor**: Bas van der Vlies
- **successor**: Chris Stoffer
- **office1**: Parliamentary leader, Leader of the Reformed Political Party
in the House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives
- **term start1**: 10 May 2010
- **term end1**: 25 August 2023
- **predecessor1**: Bas van der Vlies
- **successor1**: Chris Stoffer
- **office2**: Member of parliament, Member of the House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives
- **term start2**: 19 May 1998
- **term end2**: 5 December 2023
- **birth place**: Vlaardingen, Netherlands
- **birthname**: Cornelis Gerrit van der Staaij
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **party**: Reformed Political Party
- **spouse**: Marlies van Ree (m. 1994)
- **residence**: Benthuizen
- **alma mater**: Leiden University (Master of Law, LLM)
- **occupation**: Politician
 Civil service, Civil servant
- **website**: [http://www.sgp.nl/Page/sp729/ml1/from_sp_id=674/nctrue/system_id=1979/so_id=956/Index.html Official website]
Sara Li

**Sara Li** (born _Sara Linnea Larsson_; 30 March 1988 in Ystad) is a Swedish singer. Sara Li was a member of the popgroup  Sheelah (originally known as Caracola) from 2009 to 2010, and she participated in Melodifestivalen in the year of 2012 along with Björn Ranelid with the song "Mirakel". They reached the final of Melodifestivalen from the semifinal which took place on 12 February 2012 in leksand, the semifinal was broadcast on Sveriges Television. In the final in Globen Arena their song placed 10th receiving the sixth highest televote result. The same year she participated in television singing show Så ska det låta, teaming up with singer Patrik Isaksson.

In October 2016 Sara Li gave birth to a baby girl called Meia.

## Other sources

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **background**: solo_singer
- **name**: Sara Li
- **image**: Sara Li.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Sara Li in 2013
- **birth place**: Ystad, Sweden
- **genre**: pop
- **occupation**: singer
- **associated acts**: Caracola (band), Caracola, Björn Ranelid
Ronnie Moran

**Ronnie Moran** (28 February 1934 – 22 March 2017) was an English footballer and manager. He played for Liverpool as a left back between 1952 and 1968. He was a member of Liverpool's coaching staff and Anfield's "Boot Room". He later managed the club as a caretaker during the early 1990s. He retired in 1998, winning over forty trophies with the Reds.

Moran was born in Liverpool. He had a son, Paul. A book, _Mr Liverpool_, about Moran's life was released in 2017.

Moran was diagnosed with vascular dementia in 2012. He died on 22 March 2017 in Southport, at the age of 83.

## Other websites

- Ronnie Moran at LiverpoolFC.com

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Ronnie Moran
- **full name**: Ronald Moran
- **birth place**: Liverpool, England
- **death date**: 22 March 2017 (aged 83)
- **position**: Left-back
- **youthclubs1**: Liverpool F.C. Reserves, Liverpool
- **years1**: 1952–1968
- **clubs1**: Liverpool F.C., Liverpool
- **caps1**: 343
- **goals1**: 16
- **manageryears1**: 1991
- **managerclubs1**: Liverpool F.C., Liverpool (caretaker)
- **manageryears2**: 1992
- **managerclubs2**: Liverpool F.C., Liverpool (caretaker)
Tunahan Kuzu

**Tunahan Kuzu** (born 1 June 1981 in Istanbul) is a Dutch politician of the DENK party. He was political leader from 2015 to 2020 (succeeded by Farid Azarkan).

He has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2012 and was also parliamentary group leader from 2014 to 2020. Previously he was a councillor of the municipality of Rotterdam.

Kuzu was a member of the Labour Party but left the party in 2014, together with fellow parliamentarian Selçuk Öztürk. Both founded the political party of DENK in 2015. By creating this party they wanted to support the interests of non-Western citizens.

He studied public administration at Erasmus University Rotterdam and worked as a health care specialist at the consulting firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

He is a Muslim and of Turkish descent.

## References

- Bio at Parlement.com
Thierry Baudet

**Thierry Henri Philippe Baudet** (born January 28, 1983 in Heemstede) is a Dutch political activist and a politician of the Forum for Democracy (FVD). He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2017.

He has been a member of the Second Chamber and parliamentary leader since 2017. Previously he was party chair.

Baudet studied law and history at the University of Amsterdam. He got his PhD at Leiden University and worked at the same university. He also had a column in Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad.

He is very negative about the European Union and has written several books on this topic.

Baudet with his Forum for Democracy was one of the people behind the referendum against a treaty of the European Union with Ukraine in 2016. Although the majority of the voters were against this treaty, the referendum had no results in the end.

He is partly of Walloon descent.

## References

- Bio at Parlement.com

## Other websites

- Bio at the House of Representatives of The Netherlands

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Thierry Baudet
- **image**: Thierry Baudet in 2021.jpg
- **office1**: Parliamentary group leader
- **term start1**: 23 March 2017
- **office2**: Member of the House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives
- **term start2**: 23 March 2017
- **office3**: Party leader / party chair
- **term start3**: 25 September 2016
- **birth name**: Thierry Henri Philippe
- **birth place**: Heemstede, North Holland, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Netherlands, Dutch
- **party**: Forum for Democracy (FVD) (2016-)
- **residence**: Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
- **alma mater**: University of Amsterdam, Leiden University
- **website**: [https://www.parlement.com/id/vjuuhtscjwpn/t_h_ph_thierry_baudet www.parlement.com]
Lèze

The **Lèze** is a river in southern France, a left tributary of the Ariège river. The river flows through the French departments of Ariège and Haute-Garonne.

## Geography

The Lèze river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Labarthe-sur-Lèze in the Haute-Garonne department.

**Average monthly discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) at Labarthe-sur-Lèze**

### Course

The Lèze river starts in the Pyrenees mountain range in the southwest of the Ariège department, in the _commune_ of La Bastide-de-Sérou, at an elevation of about .

It flows, in general, to the north and, after , it joins the Ariège river as a left tributary, at an elevation of about  at Clermont-le-Fort.

### Communes

The Lèze passes through 1 region (Occitanie), 2 departments and 20 _communes_; some of the _communes_ are:

- **Ariège** : La Bastide-de-Sérou, Pailhès, Le Fossat, Saint-Ybars, Lézat-sur-Lèze
- **Haute-Garonne** : Saint-Sulpice-sur-Lèze, Labarthe-sur-Lèze, Beaumont-sur-Lèze, Lagardelle-sur-Lèze

## Main tributaries

The main tributary of the Lèze river is the _Latou_, that is  long.

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France

## Other websites

- Hauteurs d'eau et vigilance sur le bassin de la Garonne

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Lèze
- **image**: River Lèze - Beaumont.jpg
- **image caption**: The Lèze in Beaumont-sur-Lèze.
- **image alt**: The Lèze in Beaumont-sur-Lèze
- **source1 location**: La Bastide-de-Sérou
- **mouth location**: Ariège River, Ariège
- **subdivision type1**: Countries
- **subdivision name1**: France
Joop den Uyl

**Johannes Marten "Joop" den Uyl**  (born August 9, 1919 in Hilversum - December 24, 1987 in Amsterdam)  was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA).

Den Uyl was Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1973 to 1977, the so-called Den Uyl cabinet.

He was als a member of the Second Chamber, an alderman of Amsterdam, and a government minister.

He studied economics at the University of Amsterdam.

Although raised a Reformed Christian, he turned agnostic.

Den Uyl died of a brain tumor, aged 68.

## References

- Bio at Parlement.com
Edward Joseph McManus

**Edward Joseph McManus** (February 9, 1920 – March 20, 2017) was an American politician and judge. He served as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1959 through 1961 and later served as a United States federal judge for over 50 years from 1962 until his death in 2017. He was a Democrat.

At the time of his death, McManus was the longest serving living federal judge.

McManus was born in Keokuk, Iowa. He studied at the University of Iowa. McManus died on March 20, 2017 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, aged 97.
Sib Hashian

**John Thomas** "**Sib**" **Hashian** (August 17, 1949 – March 22, 2017) was an American musician. He was best known as a drummer for the rock band Boston. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

Hashian had a daughter, Lauren who has been in a relationship with Dwayne Johnson since 2007.

Hashian died from a possible heart attack while on a cruise ship near Nassau, Bahamas on March 22, 2017, aged 67.
Tomas Milian

**Tomas Milian** (born **Tomás Quintín Rodríguez**; 3 March 1933 – 22 March 2017) was a Cuban American-Italian actor and singer. He was known for his roles in _The Big Gundown_ (1966), _The Ugly Ones_ (1967), _Django Kill... If You Live, Shoot!_ (1967), _Face to Face_ (1967), _Run, Man, Run_ (1968), _Death Sentence_ (1968), _Tepepa_ (1969), _Compañeros_ (1970), _Sonny and Jed_ (1972), _Life Is Tough, Eh Providence?_ (1972), _Don't Torture a Duckling_ (1972) and _Four of the Apocalypse_ (1975).

Milian was born in Havana, Cuba. He studied at the Actors Studio in New York City. He was a bisexual. Milian died at his home in Miami, Florida on 22 March 2017 from a stroke, aged 84.

## Other websites

- Tomás Milián official site
- Tomás Milián interview
- Tomas Milian in The Designated Victim – TCM's Movie Morlocks
William H. Keeler

**William Henry Keeler** (March 4, 1931 – March 23, 2017) was an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Baltimore, Maryland, from 1989 to 2007 and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1994. He was born in San Antonio, Texas.

Keeler died on March 23, 2017 in Catonsville, Maryland from a long-illness, aged 86.

## Other websites

- Archdiocese of Baltimore
- Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
- Cathedral of Mary Our Queen
- The Coat of Arms of Cardinal William H. Keeler
Cino Tortorella

**Felice "Cino" Tortorella** (27 June 1926 – 23 March 2017), was an Italian television presenter. He was best known for creating and conducting the Zecchino d'Oro festival of children's songs. He was the voice of Topo Gigio, he became a regular on _The Ed Sullivan Show_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Cino Tortorella
- **image**: Cino Tortorella.jpg
- **birth name**: Felice Tortorella
- **birth place**: Ventimiglia, Italy
- **death place**: Milan, Italy
- **occupation**: Television host
Denis Voronenkov

**Denis Nikolayevich Voronenkov** (; 10 April 1971 – 23 March 2017) was a Russian politician. He was a member of the State Duma (2011–2016). After stepping down as a member of the parliament in 2016, Voronenkov left Russia and settled in Ukraine with his wife Maria Maksakova Jr.. After settling in Ukraine, he became a vocal critic of Russian president Vladimir Putin and Russian foreign policy.

## Death

Voronenkov was murdered in Kyiv on 23 March 2017 at age of 45.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Denis Voronenkov
- **native name**: Денис Николаевич Вороненков
- **native name lang**: ru
- **image**: Denis Voronenkov (1).jpg
- **birth name**: Denis Nikolayevich Voronenkov
- **order**: Member of the State Duma
- **term start**: 2011
- **term end**: October 2016
- **birth place**: Nizhny Novgorod, Gorky, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, USSR
- **death place**: Kyiv, Ukraine
- **death cause**: Gunshot wounds
- **awards**: Medal "For Distinguished Service to the drug control authorities" III degree (2006)
Stalemate

**Stalemate** is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check but has no legal move.

When stalemate occurs, the game is a draw. Actual stalemate is rare, but the threat of stalemate has a big effect on endgame play. Many K+R+P vs K+R endings are drawn when stalemate cannot be avoided. The existence of stalemate is a main reason why draws are common in chess, but rare in the chess derivative shogi.

In the old Persian form of chess, shatranj, stalemate was a win for the side with the most pieces. The idea of stalemate as a draw in modern chess took a long time to be agreed. It was finally decided by the early 19th century British master J.H. Sarratt in the London Chess Club rules of 1807.

## Figurative uses in general

All uses of the term "stalemate" in other contexts come from its use in chess. Stalemates in bargaining, politics and general life are examples of figurative language. The term is used as a metaphor.
Kho

**Kho** may refer to:

- Kho (cooking technique), a cooking technique in Vietnamese cuisine through listed cooking recipes
- Kho (costume) (or Bakhu), a traditional outfit worn by Bhutia, ethnic Tibetans of Sikkim
- Kara Harp Okulu (KHO), a Turkish military academy
- Kho kho, an Indian and Pakistani sport played by teams
- Kho-Bwa languages, also known as Bugunish and Kamengic
- Khowar language, an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic branch
- Kho language, dadikai group of language.
- Kho people, a people of Pakistan and Afghanistan
- Kho Mu people, known as Khmu people, Khmu (also referred to as Khamu, Kammu or Kemu), indigenous inhabitants of Laos
- Kho, the Hokkien romanization of the Chinese surname Xǔ (許)

## Places

- Kho Wang District, a district of Yasothon Province in northeastern Thailand
- Kho Phi Phi, Phi Phi Islands
- Don Kho, Don Kho is a small island in the Mekong River
- Kho-kyin, Kho-kyin is a village in Bhamo Township in Bhamo District

## Related pages

- Khoe (disambiguation)
Amerdingen

**Amerdingen** is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. There is an 18th-century castle called Schloss Amerdingen. It was built by the family of the Stauffenbergs. Count Alfred Schenk von Stauffenberg (*1923) and his wife live there now. The mayor is currently Hermann Scmidt

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Amerdingen COA.svg
- **image plan**: Amerdingen in DON.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Schwaben
- **district**: Donau-Ries
- **elevation**: 502-561
- **area**: 19.10
- **postal code**: 86735
- **area code**: 09089
- **licence**: DON
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 7 79 112
- **mayor**: Hermann Schmidt
- **website**: [http://www.amerdingen.de www.amerdingen.de]
- **image photo**: Vorderfront Schloss Amerdingen.jpg
- **image caption**: Castle Amerdingen
Hans Geiger

**Johannes Wilhelm "Hans" Geiger** (30 September 1882 – 24 September 1945) was a German physicist. He is perhaps best known as the co-inventor of the detector component of the Geiger counter and for the Geiger–Marsden experiment which discovered the atomic nucleus. Geiger was born at Neustadt an der Haardt, Germany. He was one of five children born to the Indologist Wilhelm Ludwig Geiger, who was professor at the University of Erlangen.

In 1902, Geiger started studying physics and mathematics at the University of Erlangen and was awarded a doctorate in 1906. In 1907 he began work with Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester and in 1909, along with Ernest Marsden, conducted the famous Geiger–Marsden experiment called the "gold foil experiment". Rutherford and Geiger created the Rutherford-Geiger tube, later to become the Geiger tube.

In 1911 Geiger and John Mitchell Nuttall discovered the Geiger–Nuttall law (or rule) and performed experiments that led to Rutherford's atomic model. In 1928 Geiger and his student Walther Müller created an improved version of the Geiger tube, the Geiger–Müller tube. Geiger also worked with James Chadwick. In 1912 he became leader of the Physical-Technical Reichsanstalt in Berlin, 1925 professor in Kiel, 1929 in Tübingen, and from 1936 in Berlin.

He was a member of the Uranium Club. Geiger never expressed himself in public about the Nazis. There are reports both about him helping, and rejecting, Jewish colleagues. Geiger died in Potsdam, Germany a few months after World War II ended in Europe. He had four siblings: three sisters and one brother that were all younger than him. His brother, Rudolf Geiger, was very interested in meteorology and climatology.
Johann Alexander Döderlein

**Johann Alexander Döderlein** (February 11, 1675 - October 23, 1745) was a German historian, philologist and numismatist.
He studied at University of Altdorf near Nuremberg. He was polymath and his field of work included archaeology, classical studies, meteorology, and regional history. Döderlein was a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. He was rector of the Alte Lateinschule, the former school of Weißenburg am Sand.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Johann Alexander Döderlein
- **image**: Johann Alexander Döderlein (colour).jpg
- **birth place**: Bieswang
- **death place**: Weißenburg in Bayern, Weißenburg am Sand
- **alma mater**: University of Altdorf
- **occupation**: historian, polymath, educationist, philologist, numismatist, antiquarian, and chronicler
Lise Meitner

**Lise Meitner** (November 7, 1878, Vienna –  October 27, 1968, Cambridge) was an Austrian-Swedish physicist. She had a very large role in discovering nuclear fission. She received her doctorate in physics from the University of Vienna in 1906. Her work with two other scientists influenced the discovery and creation of the atomic bomb.

Meitner was of Jewish descent and converted to Lutheranism.

Starting in 1907, Meitner worked with a man named Otto Hahn. She worked with Hahn throughout her entire career. Working together, they completed a lot of work in chemistry. Hahn won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, even though his work had been with her. The reason that she did not win the prize was that she was a woman. She did attend the ceremony though.

In 1914, Meitner volunteered as an X-ray technician in the Austrian army during World War I. Meitner was also the first female professor in Germany. She became a German professor in 1917.

Throughout the 1920s, Meitner worked mostly on radiation. She won many prizes and awards. Around 1935, Meitner and Hahn worked together to learn more about uranium. The element Meitnerium is named after her.

Later in Meitner’s life, she had many discoveries that led to the creation of the atomic bomb. She worked to make possible the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima but she did not agree the atomic bomb.

## Experiences of sexism

An encyclopedia editor asked Meitner to write an article about radioactivity. He had read a paper she wrote about the physical aspects of radioactivity. The letter that she got was addressed to “Herr Meitner” (Mr. Meitner). She explained that she was female and the offer was taken away.

Meitner followed gender roles later in her career. British physicist Ernest Rutherford visited Berlin Laboratory. During this visit, Meitner spent the day shopping with Rutherford's wife. Meanwhile, the men talked about work.

Meitner also had lots of accomplishments. After working with Hahn and investigating behavior of beta rays, she received an appointment in the radioactivity apartment and invited Meitner to join him. Soon after, Max Planck asked Meitner to be an assistant professor and lecture at the institute for theoretical physics. Meitner was the first woman in Germany to be in her position. Many news reporters were drawn to her opening lecture.

## Related pages

- Meitnerium
Vera Rubin

**Vera Cooper Rubin** (July 23, 1928  December 25, 2016) was an American astronomer. She discovered dark matter

## Early life

Rubin was born on July 23, 1928. Her parents were Rose Applebaum and Phillip Cooper.  At age 10, Rubin became fascinated by the stars in her home, Washington, D.C. At age 14, she built her first telescope.

## Work

Rubin attended Vassar College where she earned her B.A. in 1948. She earned her M.A. at Cornell University in 1951. She received her Ph.D. in astronomy at Georgetown University. At Cornell her thesis studied evidence of bulk rotation in the universe.

Rubin taught at Georgetown before becoming a researcher at the Carnegie Institution of Science. She spent a year as a teacher in math and physics at Montgomery County Junior College. She contributed to newspapers. She was an associated editor of the Astronomical Journal and the editorial board of Science Magazine. Rubin was on the astronomical committee at Harvard University and at the National Academy of Sciences.

Rubin was an American astronomer who discovered dark matter. Dark matter is a material in the universe that does not reflect light. She and W. Kent Ford found that the stars closest to the center of the galaxy and the stars farthest from the center of the galaxy moved at the same rate.  Their findings said that mass astronomers could see only 10 percent of the galaxy's total mass. This makes dark matter invisible. Rubin joined the council of American Women in Science in 1984 to promote women in astronomy.

Rubin was given honorary degrees from Creighton University, Harvard University, and Yale University. She won the National Medal of Sciences in 1993.

## Later years

Rubin was married to Robert Rubin, a physicist. She wrote a children's book on astronomy to encourage young girls to study science. Rubin had four children named David, Allan, Judith, and Carl. Her children all became scientists.

Rubin died in Princeton on December 25, 2016.
Hypatia

**Hypatia** (hy-PAY-shee-uh) **of Alexandria** was a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. She lived around 370 - 415 CE and  was the first noted women in mathematics, philosophy, and astronomy. She led a philosophical movement called Neoplatonism, which was developed from the ideas of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato.

Hypatia was born in Alexandria, a city in Egypt. During Hypatia’s time, Egypt was a great place for learning. Her father was also a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher and so she had it in her bloodline. Her father was Theon. Hypatia and her father worked on commentaries of Ptolemy's work together. Ptolemy was a Greek astronomer who was from Alexandria. Hypatia's name was also put on work done by other mathematicians.

The Museum of Alexandria was a more like a university and library than a museum. It played a big role in education, and Hypatia’s life. Theon may have been the director of the museum at one point. Theon was interested in mathematics, which may have led Hypatia to pursue astronomy, mathematics, and philosophy.

Her skills were so notable that she became the leader of the Neoplatonism movement in Alexandria around 400. Her reputation led students from all around the world to come visit here. She was recognized as a better philosopher than most of the men during her time. Hypatia gave lectures at her house and in lecture halls. She lectured on astronomy, mathematics, philosophy, and religious literature. She wrote a number of books about mathematics.

Synesius of Cyrene was a student of Hypatia. His letters provided some of the most important information on her life and her teachings. She taught Synesius about the building of an astrolabe.

Hypatia never married because she said she was “wedded to the truth”. She was an acquaintance of Orestes. He was the pagan governor of Alexandria. Radical monks, stirred up by the local bishop, murdered her. They possibly murdered her because the pagans seemed to have caused enmity among the mainly-Christian town even though she had Christian friends. They persecuted her and scattered her body parts around the city. She died at 45 years old, in 415 C.E.
Ada Yonath

**Ada E. Yonath** (Hebrew: עדה יונת , born June 22, 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer. She received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Thomas A. Steitz and Venkatraman Ramakrishnan for studies of the structure and functions of ribosomes.

### Early life

She was born in the Geula quarter of Jerusalem. Her father was a rabbi. Yonath and her family moved to Tel Aviv after her father died.

### Education

She received her bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1962. She received her master's degree in biochemistry in 1964. She got both degrees from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. She received her Ph.D. in X-Ray Crystallography at the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1968.

Yonath made the first protein crystallography lab at the Weizmann Institute. Her work showed the function of ribosomes. Yonath worked at Carnegie-Mellon University and MIT for several years. She stayed as Weizmann Institute for the rest of her career.

## Work

Ada Yonath is an Israeli chemist who made pictures of ribosomes with X-ray crystallography. Ribosomes are the part of cells in the human body that put together proteins. X-ray crystallography makes pictures of molecules by bunching them into crystals. This method is only used to make models of single atoms.

Yonath used this methods to crystallize ribosomes despite them being made up of many atoms and proteins. This caused her work to become very difficult. She returned to the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1970. She started the first Protein Crystallography lab in Israel. She did research at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin, Germany from 1979 to 1984. She began trying to make ribosomes into crystals in 1970. [1]

## Achievements

She made the first model of a large ribosome in 1980. In 2006, she won the Wolf Prize in Chemistry.

### Nobel Prize

She won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas Steitz. This Nobel prize was for her work in making images of ribosomes. She studied molecular genetics in Berlin, Germany, before winning the Nobel prize.

## Later life

Yonath led a research team at the Max Planck Institute in Hamburg, Germany for 18 years. She also continued research at the Weizmann Institute of Science.

## Related pages

- Max Born
- Leó Szilárd
- Hans Bethe
- Lise Meitner
- Edward Teller
- Albert Einstein
- John von Neumann
- Robert Oppenheimer
- List of Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry
Tu Youyou

**Tu Youyou** (born 30 December 1930) is a Chinese pharmacologist. She won the Nobel Prize in 2015 for medicine. She is famous for making a medicine to treat Malaria. Malaria is a sickness or disease. It is spread by mosquitoes. It poorly affects a lot of people in the world. Many people have died from Malaria. Tu came up with a cure.

## Early Life

Tu was born on December 30, 1930.  She was born and raised in Ningbo, Zhejiang. Zhejiang is a province of China. It is located in eastern China. In 1951, she moved to Beijing. She went to the Peking University in Beijing. At the university, she studied pharmacology. In 1955, she finished college and started working at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. It is now called the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

## Work and Discoveries

In 1969, China was having a cultural revolution against Western ideas. This means that many schools, colleges, and research centers were closed. Tu was assigned to a secret project (called “523 mission”) that was to find the cure for Malaria during this time. Malaria was killing American and Vietnamese soldiers in Vietnam before the treatment was found. She studied traditional Chinese medicinal ancient text. She was trying to find an herbal treatment. The text they read gave information about a medicinal plant, Qinghao. Qinghao is also known as sweet wormwood. Tu and two other scientists found a part of the plant that helped treat Malaria. This was made into a drug that stopped and treated the disease in millions of people. This drug was called artemisinin.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Tu Youyou
- **image**: Tu Youyou 5012-1-2015.jpg
- **caption**: Tu Youyou, Nobel Laureate in medicine in Stockholm December 2015
- **awards**: Nobel Prize 2015 for Medicine
- **birth place**: Zhejiang Province of Ningbo
- **known for**: Discovery of Cure for Malaria
Rosalyn Yalow

**Rosalyn Yalow** (July 19, 1921  May 30, 2011) was an American medical physicist.

## Early life

Yalow was born on July 19, 1921 in the Bronx, New York City. She graduated from Hunter College in 1941. She also went to a all-female college in New York called Hunter College. Yalow was Jewish. This made it difficult to become a scientist, due to prejudice. She continued trying. Yalow got a PhD from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

## Work

Yalow became a consultant in nuclear physics at the Bronx Veteran’s Administration Hospital in 1947. She was assistant chief of radioisotope service in 1950. She was made a research professor at the Sinai School of Medicine in New York City in 1968. In 1973, she was made head of Solomon A. Berson Research Laboratory at the Bronx Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

## Accomplishments

Yalow won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977. She was the second woman to win that prize. She shared the award with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally.

Yalow was known for the creation of the radioimmunoassay (RIA). The RIA labeled things in the blood with radioactive marks. Yalow and Solomon Berson first used the RIA in 1959. It was first used to study the insulin in blood of diuabetics ( people with diabetes). This was an advancement that helped many people with diabetes.
Maryam Mirzakhani

**Maryam Mirzakhani** (May 12, 1977 – July 14, 2017) was an Iranian mathematician.

She worked at Stanford University. Her research topics include Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, ergodic theory, and symplectic geometry.

On 13 August 2014, Mirzakhani became both the first woman and the first Iranian honored with the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics.

On 14 July 2017, Mirzakhani died of breast cancer at the age of 40.

## Background

Mirzakhani was born in May 1977 in Tehran, Iran. She enjoyed math and puzzles in high school. She earned her bachelor's degree at the Sharif University of Technology in Tehran. Mirzakhani then went to Harvard to earn a Ph.D. in 2004.

In high school, Mirzakhani found her talents in math. She decided to reconsider her career goals. This was made possible by her principal. Her principal tried to give women the same chances as men to succeed.

Mirzakhani was also given extra math assignments, which gave her access to university laboratories. She was also allowed to study by herself in the library. This privilege was only given to a few people.

Mirzakhani was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2013. She died of the cancer on July 14, 2017 in Palo Alto, California, aged 40.

## Accomplishments

Mirzakhani won the Fields Medal award, the highest mathematical award, in 2014 for her accomplishments in math. She won this award because of her work on Riemann surfaces, a complex mathematical subject. Her work on this subject has improved the basics of both mathematics and physics.

Mirzakhani proved multiple relationships between _moduli_ spaces, classes of Riemann surface structures. Her talent led her to be selected twice for the Math Olympiad Team.

Girls had never been part of the Iranian Math Olympiad team. Mirzakhani was the first woman to be on the team and was selected two times in a row. She won gold medals for her team. In 1994, she only had one point taken off and in 1995, she had a perfect score. This was a big accomplishment since she was the first Iranian to do so.

## Jobs/roles

Mirzakhani has worked as a math teacher at Princeton University and Stanford University. At Stanford, her interests changed a little. Mirzakhani still worked on geometry and symmetry but started to focus more on theories on Teichmiller dynamics, advanced geometric strategies. Her research was deemed as mathematical research into nature's abstract concepts.

## Related pages

- List of Iranian scientists
- Sharif University of Technology
Emilie du Chatelet

**Émilie du Châtelet** was a French physicist. She was born on December 17, 1706, in Paris, France. Du Châtelet was born into an aristocratic family. She received an excellent education. Du Châtelet learned science, literature, and music. She married the Marquis of Châtelet. He lived away from Paris because he had a military and political career. They had three children. Du Châtelet took private lessons in maths from Pierre-Louis Moreau.

Du Châtelet had a 15-year affair with Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire. Voltaire recognised her talents. Châtelet helped Voltaire write his book, _Elements of Newton’s Philosophy_. She had an unwanted child with Jean François de Saint-Lambert when she was 42. She translated _Principia Mathematica_ by Isaac Newton into French while she was pregnant. She died from an infection six days after giving birth to her daughter. It was 1749.

Du Châtelet’s translation of _Principia Mathematica_ is still used today. She knew that her work was not appreciated during her time. Years after she died, she was recognized as a role model for girls and women. Du Châtelet is still celebrated around the world for her work in Newtonian studies and mathematics.

## Infobox (nobility)

- **name**: Émilie du Châtelet
- **title**: Marquise of Châtelet
- **image**: Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Emilie.jpg
- **caption**: Châtelet by Marianne Loir.
- **spouse**: Florent Claude du Châtelet, Marquis of Châtelet
- **issue**: Gabrielle Pauline, Duchess of Montenero
Louis Marie, Duke of Châtelet
- **full name**: Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier
- **father**: Louis Nicolas Le Tonnelier, Baron of Breteuil
- **mother**: Gabrielle Anne de Froulay
- **birth date**: 17 December 1706
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death date**: 10 September 1749 (aged 42)
- **death place**: Lunéville, Lorraine (region), Lorraine
- **signature**:
- **occupation**: French people, French nobility, noblewoman best known for her Translation of Isaac Newton, Newton's _Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Principia_
May-Britt Moser

**May-Britt Moser** is a Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist.

## Life

Moser was born on Jan 4, 1962 in Fosnavåg, on a coastal island north of Bergen, Norway. She married Edvard Moser as a student of the University of Oslo in 1985. They had two kids, Isabel and Ailin. The Mosers were directors and coordinators of the Kavil Institute for systems Neuroscience and the Centre for Neural Computation at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology for many years, but they divorced in 2016.

## Career

Each earned a PhD in neurobiology in 1995. She used rats as test subjects during her research because their nervous system is very similar to humans. They discovered brain cells that allow animals to move from one place to another. These are called grid cells, and they fire when the rats pass a certain location. Over time, this helped the rats move purposely around the room and navigate their surroundings. The Mosers won a Nobel Prize, an important award. She won this award in 2014 and shared this with John O’Keefe, another neuroscientist. They also won the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize.

She was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2011.
Starboy (song)

"**Starboy**" is a song recorded by Canadian PBR&B singer-songwriter The Weeknd.  It features the French DJ duo Daft Punk.  It is taken from his fifth studio album, also called _Starboy_.  It is the first song on the album.  The song reached number one in nearly ten countries, including the US, Canada, France, the Netherlands, and New Zealand, while it reached number two in countries like Australia and the UK.  "Starboy" is The Weeknd and Daft Punk's first collaboration, before the next single, the top-ten song "I Feel It Coming".

The song was certified quadruple-Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales, streams, and shipments of over four million copies there.

## Infobox (single)

- **name**: Starboy
- **artist**: The Weeknd featuring Daft Punk
- **album**: Starboy (album), Starboy
- **recorded**: August 25, 2016
- **studio**: Conway Recording Studios
- **chronology**: The Weeknd singles
- **prev title**: Wild Love
- **prev year**: 2016
- **title**: Starboy
- **year**: 2016
- **next title**: I Feel It Coming
- **next year**: 2016