juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Diekirch

**Diekirch** (; from _Diet-Kirch_, i.e. "people's church") is a commune with city status in north-eastern Luxembourg, capital city of the canton Diekirch and the district of Diekirch. The city is situated on the banks of the Sauer river.

The National Museum of Military History of Luxembourg is in Diekirch.

## Name

Diekirch is mentioned in 938 as _Theochirica_ and then as _Diecirke_ in 1182 and _Diekirke_ in 1221. The word Diekirch means, in Luxembourgish, "people's church".

## Geography

The town of Diekirch, which lies in the south of the _commune_, has an area of . The altitude is  high. At the church, the altitude  is  high.

Diekirch is surrounded by four _communes_: Tandel (Vianden canton) to the north, Bettendorf to the east, Vallée de l'Ernz to the south, and Erpeldange to the west.

The most important river is the **Sauer** (German, Luxembourgish) or **Sûre** (French) that flows through the city.

## Population

There were 6,472 persons living in the _commune_ in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

**Evolution of the population in Diekirch**

## Mascot

The town's mascot is the donkey. There is a donkey fountain in the centre of Diekirch.

## Twin cities

The city of Diekirch has, as twin cities, the following cities:
- Bitburg, Germany, since 1962
- Arlon, Belgium, since 1962
- Hayange, France, since 1962
- Liberty, Missouri, United States, since 1986
- Monthey, Switzerland, since 1962

## Related pages

- Cantons of Luxembourg
- Communes of Luxembourg
- List of cities in Luxembourg

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Diekirch
- **other name**: Dikrech
- **image skyline**: Luxembourg Diekirch 2005-03-11.jpg
- **image caption**: General view of Diekirch.
- **image shield**: ECUSSON DIEKIRCH.png
- **shield size**: 70px
- **image map**: Map Diekirch.PNG
- **map caption**: Map showing, in orange, the Diekirch _commune_
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Cantons of Luxembourg, Canton
- **subdivision name1**: Diekirch (canton), Diekirch
- **subdivision type2**: Communes of Luxembourg, Commune
- **subdivision name2**: Diekirch
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Claude Haagen
- **established title3**: City
- **established date3**: since 24 February 1843
- **area total km2**: 12.42
- **population as of**: 2017
- **population total**: 6472
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **elevation max m**: 396
- **elevation min m**: 187
- **blank name**: Local administrative unit, LAU2
- **blank info**: LU00002004
- **website**: [http://www.diekirch.lu/ Official website]
Sauer

The **Sauer** (German, Luxembourgish) or **Sûre** (French) is a river in Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany. It is a left tributary of the river Moselle, and so it is part of the drainage basin of the Rhine river.

## Geography

The Sauer river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

### Course

The source of the Sauer is, as Sûre, in the southeast of Belgium in the Ardennes (Luxembourg province), on the western part of the Rhenish Massif, at an altitude of about .

From there, the Sauer flows to the east and crosses the border between Belgium and Luxembourg near Martelange. It forms the border between Belgium and Luxembourg for  north of Martelange. On their way through the mountainous north of Luxembourg (the Oesling), it passes through the Lac de la Haute Sure, an artificial lake to the west of Esch-sur-Sûre.

After flowing through Ettelbruck and Diekirch, the Sauer forms the border between Luxembourg and Germany for the last  of its course, passing Echternach before joining, as left tributary, the Moselle in Wasserbillig, at about  of altitude.

## Main tributaries

- Left tributary
    - Wiltz - 42 km
    - Blees - 14 km
    - Our - 78 km
    - Gaybach - 23.2 km
    - Prüm - 95 km
- Right tributary
    - Alzette - 73 km;
    - White Ernz - 30 km;
    - Black Ernz - 25 km;

## Related pages

- List of rivers of Belgium
- List of rivers of Germany
- List of rivers of Luxembourg

## Other websites

- The Obersauer Nature Park

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Sauer
- **map**: Sûre.png
- **map caption**: Path of the Sauer [http://u.osmfr.org/m/383739/]
- **image**: Fluss_Sauer.jpg
- **image caption**: The Sauer in Echternach (town), Echternach
- **subdivision type1**: Countries
- **subdivision type2**: Location
- **subdivision type3**: Reference no.
- **subdivision name3**: DE: 262
- **source1 location**: Source region: In the Ardennes on the soil of Libramont-Chevigny near the _Planchipont_ farm (Belgium)
- **source1 elevation**: ca. 
- **mouth location**: Between Wasserbilligerbrück (Germany) and Wasserbillig (Luxembourg) into the Moselle
- **mouth elevation**: ca. 
- **river system**: Moselle
- **discharge1 location**: at its mouth
Norma Pons

**Norma Delia Orizi** (18 August 1942 – 29 April 2014) known by her stage name **Norma Pons**, was an Argentine actress and vedette. She was known for her roles in _El hombre del año_, _Crimen en el hotel alojamiento_, _Adiós Sui Generis_, and in _El pozo_. Pons was born in Rosario, Sante Fe, Argentina.

Pons died on 29 April 2014 from a heart attack in Buenos Aires, Argentina, aged 70.
Livingston, Montana

**Livingston** is a city in Montana, United States. It is the county seat of Park County. About 8,000 people lived there in 2020.

It is along the Yellowstone River, north of Yellowstone National Park.
Walter Walsh

**Colonel Walter Rudolph Walsh** (May 4, 1907 – April 29, 2014) was an American FBI agent, United States Marine Corps shooting teacher and Olympic shooter. Walsh joined the FBI in 1934. He was there during the public enemy era. He was known for capturing Arthur Barker and for killing Al Brady.

Walsh was the oldest retired FBI agent. He competed as a shooter at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was the oldest surviving Olympic competitor until his death in 2014.

Walsh received awards for his marksmanship. He was the coach of the Olympic shooting team until 2000. At age 100, he was present at a re-enactment of the Al Brady shootout in Bangor, Maine. At this event, he was presented with a plaque and the key to the city.

Walsh was born in Union City, New Jersey. He studied at Rutgers Law School. He joined the National Guard in 1928.

Walsh had three daughters and two sons. His wife died before him. He died in his home in Virginia from natural causes. His death was less than a week before his 107th birthday.
Union City, New Jersey

**Union City** is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Union City, New Jersey
- **nickname**: "Embroidery Capital of the United States"
"Havana on the Hudson"
"Little Havana on the Hudson"
- **image skyline**: 9.19.11MustoCenterByLuigiNovi1.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250x200px
- **image caption**: William V. Musto Cultural Center
- **image map**: Hudson County New Jersey Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Union City Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Union City in Hudson County, New Jersey, Hudson County highlighted in red (left). Inset map: Location of Hudson County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (right).
- **image map1**: Census_Bureau_map_of_Union_City,_New_Jersey.png
- **mapsize1**: 250x200px
- **map caption1**: Census Bureau map of Union City, New Jersey
- **pushpin map**: USA New Jersey Hudson County#USA New Jersey#USA
- **pushpin label**: Union City
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Hudson County, New Jersey, Hudson County##Location in New Jersey##Location in the United States
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New Jersey, County
- **subdivision name2**: Hudson County, New Jersey, Hudson
- **government type**: Walsh Act
- **governing body**: Board of Commissioners
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Municipal clerk
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: June 1, 1925
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 3.33
- **area land km2**: 3.33
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 1.29
- **area land sq mi**: 1.29
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area water percent**: 0.00
- **area rank**: 472nd of 565 in state
10th of 12 in county
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **settlement type**: City
- **population total**: 68589
- **population rank**: List of United States cities by population, 590th in country (as of 2022)
18th of 565 in state
3rd of 12 in county
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: 53293.7
- **population density rank**: 2nd of 565 in state
2nd of 12 in county
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −05:00
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, Eastern (EDT)
- **utc offset dst**: −04:00
- **elevation ft**: 190
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 07087
- **area code**: Area codes 201 and 551, 201
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 3401774630
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0885424
Hyde Park on Hudson

***Hyde Park on Hudson*** is a 2012 British-American biographical comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Roger Mitchell. It is set in New York in 1939. It stars Bill Murray as Franklin D. Roosevelt and Laura Linney as Roosevelt's mistress Margaret Suckley. It was released to mixed reviews on 1 February 2013.
Ian Ross

**Ian 'Roscoe' Ross** (24 June 194030 April 2014) was an Australian television news presenter. He worked in _Seven News_ in Sydney and for the _National Nine News_. Ross was born in New South Wales, Australia.

Ross died on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia from pancreatic cancer, aged 73. He was divorced from his wife, by whom he had three children and he was in a relationship with a man and was bisexual. He is survived by his partner and children.
The Amity Affliction

**The Amity Affliction** is an Australian metalcore band from Gympie, Queensland, Australia. The band was formed in 2003.

## Band members

- Current members
- Ahren Stringer – vocals, keyboard (2003–present), bass (2007–present); guitar (2003–2007)
- Joel Birch – unclean vocals (2004–present)
- Ryan Burt – drums, percussion (2008–present)
- Dan Brown – guitar (2013–present)

- Former members
- Garth Buchanan – bass (2003–2007)
- Lachlan Faulkner – drums, percussion (2003–2007)
- Troels Thomasen – drums, percussion (2007–2008)
- Chris Burt – guitar (2007–2009); bass (2007)
- Clint Owen Ellis – guitar (2009–2011)
- Trad Nathan – keyboard (2006–2011)
- Imran Siddiqi – guitar (2011–2012)
- Troy Brady – guitar (2003-2014)

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Severed Ties_ (2008)
- _Youngbloods_ (2010)
- _Chasing Ghosts_ (2012)
- _Let the Ocean Take Me_ (2014)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Amity Affliction
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Gympie, Gympie, Queensland, Australia
- **genre**: Post-hardcore, metalcore, melodic hardcore
- **years active**: 2003–present
- **label**: Roadrunner Records, Roadrunner
- **associated acts**: Lovecats, The Author, The Getaway Plan, Funeral for a Friend, The Scare, Tyrants!, Wherewolves, Deez Nuts, Shorelines, Architects (British band), Architects, Glass Cloud
- **url**: [http://www.theamityaffliction.net/ theamityaffliction.net]
- **current members**: Joel Birch
Ahren Stringer
Troy Brady
Dan Brown
Ryan Burt
- **past members**: Garth Buchanan
Lachlan Faulkner
 Troels Thomasson
Christopher Burt
Trad Nathan
Clint Owen Ellis
Imran Siddiqi
Footprint

**Footprints** are shapes on the ground where people or animals walked. The foot touches the ground and at that position a footprint appears afterwards. This can happen because the ground is muddy or snowy and the foot sinks a little bit into the ground. Another possibility is that the foot is dirty or has fresh color on it. When the foot touches the ground the dirt or color remains at the ground and marks the position of contact.

Footprints mark the way of people or animals. Hunters for example are able to follow an animal by following its footprints. Like that leaving footprints can be a big disadvantage.

In the time of internet people also talk about digital footprints. This are not real footprint but small bits of data (for example the IP address) which enable computer professionals to follow the way of an user in the internet. This can also be a disadvantage for the user who is leaving the digital footprints.

## References

- Definition at dictionary.reference.com
- Definition digital footprint
Lichtentaler Allee

The **Lichtentaler Allee** is a 2.3 kilometers long street in Baden-Baden. But it is also the name of the park around that street. It became popular in the 19th century when a lot of noble and rich people met in Baden-Baden and walked at that street. For them it was a place to be. The Lichtentaler Allee follows the river Oos. A lot of seldom trees and plants can be seen there.

## References

- Parkführer Baden-Baden by Klaus Fischer and Bernd Weigel

## Other websites

- The Lichtentaler Allee Association
- Lichtentaler Allee in the City Wiki of Baden-Baden
Çorum

**Çorum** is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Karadeniz Region. In 2013, 270,864 people lived there.
Chris Harris (actor)

**Chris Harris** (14 December 1942 – 30 April 2014) was an English actor, director and writer. He appeared in several UK television series including _Into the Labyrinth_ and _Hey Look... That's Me_. He also had a career in pantomime. He was born in Bridgwater, Somerset.

Harris died from cancer on 30 April 2014 in Portishead, Somerset. He was 71.
Assi Dayan

**Asaf** "**Assi**" **Dayan** (23 November 1945 – 1 May 2014) was an Israeli movie director, actor, screenwriter and producer. By 2008, he had acted in over 50 movies and television series episodes. He was born in Nahalal.

Dayan died on 1 May 2014 in Tel Aviv. He was 68.
Papal supremacy

In the Roman Catholic Church, the pope is seen as the highest clergy and as the head of the church. In short, anything the pope says in his function of head of the church is valid for the whole church. The pope has full, supreme, and universal power over the whole Church, a power which he can always exercise unhindered: that, in brief, "the Pope enjoys, by divine institution, supreme, full, immediate, and universal power in the care of souls." This means that the situation of the pope is similar to that of an absolute monarch or the leader of a Fascist state.

## Examples of papal supremacy

- Urban II's launching in 1095 of the Crusades, which, in an attempt to recover the Holy Land and territories of the Byzantine Empire which had been conquered by Muslim Seljuk Turks, marshalled European nobility under papal leadership.
- The Papacy determined whom they wished to be the king of various lands by the crowning by Pope Leo III of Charlemagne, first of the Carolingian emperors, rather than a man proclaiming himself king.
New Madrid, Missouri

**New Madrid** is a city in New Madrid County, Missouri. It is in southeastern Missouri and is on the Mississippi River. At the 2020 census, 2,787 people lived there.

The city was established in 1776 to 1778. It was the scene of the huge 1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes.
Windsor Heights, Iowa

**Windsor Heights** is a city in Polk County, Iowa. It is near Des Moines. It is in central Iowa. At the 2020 census, 5,252 people lived there.

The city was established on July 19, 1941.
Marine iguana

The **marine iguana** (_Amblyrhynchus cristatus_) is an iguana found only on the Galápagos Islands. It is the only modern lizard, to live and forage in the sea. Also unusually, it is a vegetarian. It only eats algae.

The iguana can dive over  into the water. It has spread to all the islands in the archipelago, and is sometimes called the **Galápagos marine iguana**. It mainly lives on the rocky Galápagos shore to warm from the comparably cold water. It can also be spotted in marshes and mangrove beaches. Charles Darwin described them:
- "The black Lava rocks on the beach are frequented by large (2–3 ft_ [60–90 cm]_),  disgusting clumsy Lizards. They are as black as the porous rocks over which they crawl & seek their prey from the Sea. I call them 'imps of darkness'. They assuredly well become the land they inhabit".
Atemelia torquatella

***Atemelia torquatella*** is a moth of the Praydidae family. Lienig and Zeller used the scientific name in 1846.

## References

- Atemelia torquatella in ukflymines
Ateliotum petrinella

***Ateliotum petrinella*** is a moth of the Tineidae family. Herrich-Schaffer used the scientific name in 1854.

## References

- Ateliotum petrinella in lepidoptera
Equality Act 2010

**The Equality Act 2010** is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Before 2010, there were many different Acts (laws) and Regulations (rules) in Great Britain which protected against different kinds of discrimination.  The Equality Act's goal was to put all of these laws and protections together into one law, and make it easier to understand.

## What laws were put together?

All of these laws were put together to make the Equality Act:
- The Equal Pay Act 1970, which said that men and women doing the same kind of work should get the same pay.  It also said that men and women should be treated equally at work
- The Sex Discrimination Act 1975, which protected against discrimination because of sex or whether or not a person was married
- The Race Relations Act 1976, which protected against discrimination because of race, skin colour, nationality, ethnicity, and national origin (home country)
- The Disability Discrimination Act 1995, which protected against discrimination because of disability
- Three major laws that protected against discrimination at work because of a person's religion, sexual orientation, or age

## What does the Equality Act say?

The Equality Act has the same goals as the four major European Union Equal Treatment Directives (laws made by the European Union that protect against discrimination).

The Equality Act protects against discrimination because of:
- Age
- Gender (with special protections for pregnant women)
- Disability
- Being transgender and having had gender reassignment surgery
- Being married or in a civil partnership
- Race
- Religion or belief
- Sexual orientation
The Act says that all of these groups must be treated equally at work, when applying for jobs, and in private and public services.

People with disabilities have special protections under the Act.  The Act says that employers and service providers (like stores or schools) have to make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities if needed.  Reasonable accommodations are changes to places or ways of doing things that help people with disabilities do their jobs, go to school, and do other important things just like people without disabilities can.  Accommodations do not have to be made if they are not reasonable (if they would be very expensive or difficult to make).

Most of the Equality Act does not apply to Northern Ireland.
Clara Zetkin

**Clara Josephine Zetkin** (born _Clara Josephine Eissner_; 5 July 1857 - 20 June 1933) was a German Marxist theorist and advocate for women's rights.

Clara Zetkin was born in Wiederau. She trained as a teacher at Leipzig Teachers College for Women. During her studies, she became involved with the women's and labour movements. In 1878 she joined the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany. In 1910, she proposed the celebration of International Women's Day, which is celebrated today every 8 March.

Zetkin was a member of the Spartacus League, with Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg. She was a member of the Reichstag from 1920 to 1933 for the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).

Zetkin died near Moscow.
Dave Gettleman

**David Alan Gettleman** (born February 21, 1951) is the general manager of the Carolina Panthers. Before he became the general manager of the Carolina Panthers, he was a scout and intern with several other teams in the National Football League.
Windows NT 3.5x

**Windows NT 3.5x** (**Windows 3.5x**) can refer to either an individual or following versions of Microsoft Windows:
- Windows NT 3.5 (1994-1995)
- Windows NT 3.51 (1995-1996)
No Frills

**No Frills** (styled as **nofrills**) is a Canadian supermarket chain. The chain was created in East York, Toronto, Ontario on July 5, 1978. The chain is owned by Loblaw Companies Limited which is a subsidiary of George Weston Limited. The chain currently has 26 stores throughout Alberta, British Columbia and Saskatchewan. They also have seven outlets in Atlantic Canada.

### Alberta

33 locations:

- Airdrie
- Beaumont
- Brooks
- Calgary (4)
- Cochrane
- Cold Lake
- Edmonton (4)
- Fort Saskatchewan
- Grande Prairie
- High River
- Innisfail
- Lacombe
- Leduc
- Lethbridge
- Morinville
- Okotoks
- Olds
- Peace River
- Ponoka
- Slave Lake
- Stettler
- Strathmore
- Sylvan Lake
- Vegreville
- Wainwright
- Wetaskiwin
- Whitecourt

### British Columbia

14 locations:

- Castlegar
- Coquitlam
- Dawson Creek
- Fort St. John
- Langley
- Port Alberni
- Salmon Arm
- Surrey
- Trail
- Vancouver (5)
- Invermere

### New Brunswick

2 locations:

### Newfoundland and Labrador

3 locations:

### Nova Scotia

5 locations:

### Ontario

168 locations:

- Ajax (2)
- Amherstburg
- Angus
- Arnprior
- Aurora
- Aylmer
- Bancroft
- Barrie (2)
- Beamsville
- Belleville
- Blenheim
- Bradford
- Brampton (6)
- Brantford (2)
- Brighton
- Burlington (2)
- Campbellford
- Casselman
- Chatham
- Cobourg
- Cornwall
- Corunna
- Elliot Lake
- Elmira
- Essex
- Fort Erie
- Gananoque
- Glencoe
- Grand Bend
- Guelph (2)
- Hagersville
- Hamilton (4)
- Innisfil
- Kenora
- Kingston (2)
- Kitchener
- London (7)
- Markham (4)
- Milton
- Mississauga (11)
- Mount Forest
- Napanee
- New Hamburg
- Newmarket
- Niagara Falls
- North Bay (2)
- Oakville (2)
- Orangeville
- Orillia
- Ottawa
- Oshawa (3)
- Owen Sound
- Parry Sound
- Paris
- Peterborough (2)
- Pickering
- Picton
- Port Colborne
- Port Dover
- Renfrew
- Richmond Hill (3)
- Stratford
- Sarnia
- Sault Ste. Marie
- Shelburne
- St. Catharines (2)
- Stratford
- Stouffville
- Sturgeon Falls
- Sutton
- Thunder Bay (2)
- Tilbury
- Timmins
- Toronto (41)
- Vaughan (3)
- Wallaceburg
- Welland
- Whitby (3)
- Windsor
- Woodbridge (2)
- Woodstock

### Prince Edward Island

1 location:
- Stratford

### Saskatchewan

2 locations:
- Estevan
- North Battleford

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: No Frills
- **company logo**: Parkdale No Frills.jpg
- **company type**: Supermarket
- **foundation**: 1978
- **location**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **industry**: Retail
- **products**: Bakery, Dairy product, dairy, Delicatessen, deli, frozen foods, gasoline (select locations), general Grocery store, grocery, General store, general merchandise, liquor (select locations), meat & Fowl, poultry, pharmacy, produce, seafood, snacks
- **parent**: Loblaw Companies, Loblaw Companies Ltd.
- **homepage**: [http://www.shopnofrills.ca/ www.shopnofrills.ca]
Legends of Chima

***Legends of Chima*** is a Canadian computer-animated television series based on the Legends of Chima LEGO sets. It is shown on Cartoon Network. It is about a young lion warrior named Laval who is part of the Lion Tribe. He teams up with other good tribes to go on epic quests and defeat evil tribes. The show has 3 seasons, with a total of 41 episodes.

## Cast

- David Attar as Cragger, Lennox, Rogon, Ripnik, Reegull, Stealthor
- Bethany Brown as Eris, Crooler, Spinlyn, Rinona, Wonald
- Matt Cronander as Willhurt, Ewar, Elon
- Bill Courage as Crominus, Lagravis, Longtooth, Lavertus, Mottrot
- Chris Durchand as Dom De La Woosh, Sir Fangar, Strainor
- Jesse Inocalla as Plovar, Grumlo, Runk, Sparracon, Fluminox
- Meghan Kinsley as Crunket, G'Loona, Windra, Li'ella, Maula
- John Nelson as Wakz, Crug, Balkar, Rukus, Flinx
- Michael Patric as Gorzan, Scorm, Mungus, Voom Voom, Eglor
- Scott Shantz as Laval, Worriz, Skinnet, Furtivo, Razcal, Sparratus, Scolder, Scutter, Lundor, Vardy, Firox
- Jeff Evans Todd as Razar, Bladvic, Crawley, Winzar, Leonidas, Equila, Ewald
- Adam White as Foltrax, Vornon
- Dave Pettitt as Tormak
M. V. Devan

**Madathil Vasudevan**, popularly known as **M. V. Devan** (January 15, 1928 – April 29, 2014) was an Indian painter, sculptor, writer, art critic and orator. He was made the Chairman of Kerala Lalithakala Akadem, an art institute, from 1974 to 1977. He was born in Panniyannur village in Thalassery in northern Kerala.

During this time, he created an organization called _Perunthachan_, which helped with the housing sector. Throughout his life, Devan tried to protect many paintings in India and parts of the world.

Devan died of an illness on 29 April 2014 at his home in Aluva, Kerala, aged 86.
Reuven Feuerstein

**Reuven Feuerstein** (; August 21, 1921 – April 29, 2014) was an Israeli clinical, developmental, and cognitive psychologist. He is known for his theory of intelligence which states “_it is not ‘fixed’, but rather modifiable_”. He was born in Botoşani, Romania.

Feuerstein died in Israel from unknown causes, aged 92.
Eduard Khil

**Eduard Anatolyevich Khil** (often known as **Edward Hill**) (4 September 1934 – 4 June 2012) was a Russian baritone singer. He is a recipient of the People's Artist Award of the Russian SFSR. He was born in Smolensk, Western Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.

Khil became known to the international audience in 2010 when a 1976 recording of him singing a version of the song "I Am Glad, 'Cause I'm Finally Returning Back Home". It became an Internet meme, often referred to as "Trololo" or the "Russian Rickroll". The song is now commonly associated with Internet trolling.

Khil died in the hospital in St. Petersburg, Russia on 4 June 2012, from complications from a stroke, aged 77.
Edgars Vinters

**Edgars Vinters** (September 22, 1919 – April 29, 2014) was a Latvian painter.  He was born in Riga, Latvia. Vinters worked for magazine companies, but is mostly known for his landscape paintings. He began his career in 1935.

Vinters died in Riga from an illness, aged 94.
Juan Formell

**Juan Clímaco Formell Fortuna** (2 August 1942 – 1 May 2014) was a Cuban musician, bassist, composer, and arranger. He was best known as the director of Los Van Van Orchestra. He began a career in the music industry in 1957. He was a Grammy Award in the Latin/Best Salsa Performance category for his work on the album "Van Van is Here (Llegó Van Van)" in 1999. He was born in Havana.

Formell died on 1 May 2014 in Havana, aged 71.

## Other websites

- Juan Formell at Discogs
Juan de Dios Castillo

**Juan de Dios Castillo González** (31 January 1951 – 1 May 2014) was a Mexican association football player and coach. He coached Honduran club C.D. Motagua before his death. He also became the head coach of El Salvador national football team in July 2012. He was born in Mexico City.

Castillo died from skin cancer on 1 May 2014 in Monterrey, Nuevo León. He was 63.

## Other websites

- Juan de Dios Castillo Liga MX stats at Medio Tiempo

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Juan de Dios Castillo
- **image**: JuandeDiosCastillo-2-.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **fullname**: Juan de Dios Castillo González
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **death place**: Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- **manageryears1**: 1989–1994
- **managerclubs1**: Mexico national under-20 football team, Mexico U20
- **manageryears2**: 1994–1995
- **managerclubs2**: Querétaro F.C., TM Gallos Blancos
- **manageryears3**: 1995–1996
- **managerclubs3**: Saltillo Soccer, Real Saltillo
- **manageryears5**: 1998–1999
- **managerclubs5**: Santos Laguna
- **manageryears6**: 2000
- **managerclubs6**: Alacranes de Durango, Durango
- **manageryears7**: 2001–2003
- **managerclubs7**: Cruz Azul Hidalgo
- **manageryears8**: 2003–2004
- **managerclubs8**: Real C.D. España, Real España
- **manageryears9**: 2005–2006
- **managerclubs9**: C.D. Marathón, Marathón
- **manageryears10**: 2007
- **managerclubs10**: Atlético Mexiquense
- **manageryears11**: 2008
- **managerclubs11**: C.D. Olimpia, Olimpia
- **manageryears12**: 2009
- **managerclubs12**: F.C. Motagua, Motagua
- **manageryears13**: 2010–2011
- **managerclubs13**: Honduras National Football Team, Honduras
- **manageryears14**: 2012
- **managerclubs14**: El Salvador national football team, El Salvador
- **manageryears15**: 2013
- **managerclubs15**: F.C. Motagua, Motagua
Blue Seduction

**Blue Seduction** is a 2009 Canadian thriller movie. It was directed by Timothy Bond and written by Jacqueline Giroux.

## Plot

A middle aged lyricist get caught in a seduction game. This is by an attractive young female singer who wants her "fifteen minutes of fame".

## Cast

- Billy Zane as Mikey Taylor
- Estella Warren as Matty
- Jane Wheeler as Joyce
- Bernard Robichaud as Stanley
Finsbury Park, London

**Finsbury Park** is an inner-city area of north London. Its postcode is N4. It is in the London Borough of Islington.
Basketball at the 1988 Summer Olympics

**Basketball in the 1988 Summer Olympics** took place at the Jamsil Gymnasium in Seoul, South Korea. The United States won the gold medal in the women's competition. This repeated their performance from the 1984 tournament. In the men's tournament, the Soviet Union took home their second gold medal in the team's history for this event. Yugoslavia won the silver medal. The USA won the bronze medal. This was the last Olympic basketball tournament where NBA players were not allowed to participate. Professionals from other leagues were allowed to compete. But players from other leagues were still considered amateurs.  These were also the last Olympic basketball tournaments where the Soviets fielded a team. This was because the Soviet Union broke up prior to the 1992 Games. The United States was a major favorite to win.
Proto-Sinaitic script

**Proto-Sinaitic** is a Middle Bronze Age script. It is known only from a few inscriptions at Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai Peninsula.

Because there are so few Proto-Sinaitic signs, little is known with certainty about the nature of the script. The script co-existed with Egyptian hieroglyphs, so it is likely that it represented true writing, but this is not certain.  From the shape of the signs, Proto-Sinaitic may be an alphabet, and the ancestor of the Phoenician alphabet, from which nearly all modern alphabets descend.

There have been two major discoveries of inscriptions of the Proto-Sinaitic script. The first was in the winter of 1904–1905 in Sinai by Hilda and Flinders Petrie, dated to circa 1700–1400 BC. The second find was more recently in 1999 in Middle Egypt by John and Deborah Darnell. This is dated to the 18th century BC.

|Proto-Sinaitic|Phoenician|Phoen. value|Phoen. name|Hebrew|Greek|Brahmi|Latin|Cyrillic|Arabic|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||||"ox"|||||||
||||bet "house"|||||||
||||kaf "palm"|||||||
||||mem "water"|||||||
||||"eye"|||?||||
||||"head"|||||||
Blood Lad

***Blood Lad*** is a manga series created by Yuuki Kodama. It is about a vampire who falls in love with a human girl.

## Plot

One day a high school girl wanders into the monster world and lands in the territory of a vampire. The vampire falls in love with her. But she is eaten by a carnivorous plant and turned into a ghost. The story is about him finding a way to make her human again.
37 BC

Year **37 BC** was either a common year starting on Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday or a leap year starting on Monday or Tuesday of the Julian calendar.  At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Publicola and Nerva**.

## Events

- Agrippa created the harbour "Portus Julius" in what is now the town of Pozzuoli. The port is used to train warships for naval battles.
- Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian made the "Second Pact of Tarentum".  The Pact renewed the Triumvirate for another five years.
- Mark Antony reorganized Asia Minor with men loyal to him.
- Romans conquer Jerusalem from the Parthians.
- Herod the Great becomes king of Judea and Ananelus.
- The kingdom of Goguryeo in Korea is founded by the king Dongmyeong.

## Deaths

- Antigonus II Mattathias
- Aristobulus II, king and high priest of Judea
- Empress Shangguan (b. 89 BC)
- Jing Fang (b. 78 BC), Chinese mathematician and music theorist
38 BC

Year **38 BC** was either a common year starting on Sunday or Monday or a leap year starting on Saturday, Sunday or Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Pulcher and Flaccus**.

38 BC was **year 1** of the Spanish era calendar that was used in Hispania until the 15th century.

## Events

- Octavian Caesar marries Livia.  She is still pregnant from a recent marriage.
- Octavian appoints Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa governor of Transalpine Gaul
- Parthia invades Syria

## Births

- Nero Claudius Drusus (d. 9 BC)

## Deaths

- Orodes II of Parthia
- Pacorus, crownprince of Parthia
39 BC

Year **39 BC** was either a common year starting on Friday, Saturday or Sunday or a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.  At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Censorinus and Sabinus**.

## Events

- Marcus Antonius sent Publius Ventidius Bassus with 11 legions to Asia Minor. Publius Ventidius reclaims Syria, Phoenicia and Judea.
- Sextus Pompey controlled Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and the Peloponnesus. He is recognized by the Triumvirate in the Pact of Misenum.

## Births

- Antonia Major, daughter of Mark Antony
- Julia the Elder, daughter of Caesar Augustus

## Deaths

- Quintus Labienus
40 BC

Year **40 BC** was either a common year starting on Thursday, Friday or Saturday or a leap year starting on Thursday or Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Calvinus and Pollio**.

## Events

- Lucius Antonius surrenders to Octavian in the Siege of Perusia
- Octavian divorces Clodia Pulchra and marries Scribonia
- Sextus Pompey captures Sardinia
- Treaty of Brundisium: The Roman Republic is divided. Gaius Octavian takes control of the Western provinces. Mark Antony is given the Eastern provinces. Marcus Aemilius Lepidus controls  Hispania and  Africa.
- Quintus Labienus occupies Cilicia and marches with an army into Anatolia.
- Parthians conquer Jerusalem. Hyrcanus II is removed from power.
- Herod the Great flees Jerusalem to Rome. There he is titled king of Judea by Mark Antony.

## Births

- Cleopatra Selene (d. AD 6) and Alexander Helios (d. between 29 and 25 BC), the twins of Cleopatra VII of Egypt and Mark Antony

## Deaths

- Gaius Claudius Marcellus Minor dies, leaving Octavia Minor widowed. She will later marry Mark Antony by decree of the Roman Senate (b. 88 BC)
- Fulvia, wife of Publius Clodius Pulcher
Mohammad-Reza Lotfi

**Mohammad-Rezā Lotfi** () (January 7, 1947 – May 2, 2014) was a Persian classical musician. He was born in Gorgan, Golestan, Iran.

He served as the director of the Center for the Preservation and Propagation of Traditional Persian Music and the "Chavosh" Center.

In 1984 Lotfi was invited by Fondazione Cini to perform in a ceremony and perform concerts in Italy. He lived in the United States from 1986 until his death. He performed widely throughout Asia, Europe, and North America.

Lotfi died on May 2, 2014, due to complications from cancer in Tehran, Iran, aged 67.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mohammad-Reza Lotfi
- **image**: محمدرضا لطفی - Mohamdreza Lotfi.jpg
- **image upright**: 0.9
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: Gorgan, Iran
- **death place**: Tehran, Iran
- **instrument**: Tar (lute), Tar, setar, kamancheh, daf
- **genre**: Persian traditional music, Classical Persian music
- **occupation**: Musician
- **years active**: 1964–2014
- **label**: Avaye Shayda
Nigel Stepney

**Nigel Stepney** (14 November 1958 – 2 May 2014) was a British Formula One mechanic. He was the team manager and chief mechanic of JRM Racing, in the FIA World Endurance Championship.

He started in Formula One as a mechanic at Shadow in 1977, then followed Elio de Angelis to Team Lotus before moving to Benetton for the late 1980s and early 90s. He worked with Scuderia Ferrari with Michael Schumacher, Rory Byrne and Ross Brawn.

He was killed in a road traffic incident on the M20 motorway in Ashford, Kent on 2 May 2014, aged 55.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Nigel Stepney
- **image**: Stepneytodt.JPG
- **birth date**: 14 November 1958
- **occupation**: Race car mechanic
Roger Kolo

**Kolo Christopher Laurent Roger**, commonly known as **Roger Kolo** (born 3 September 1943) is a Malagasy politician and diplomat. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar from 2014 to 2015. He was elected in 2014.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Roger Kolo
- **image**: Roger Kolo 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Roger Kolo in 2014
- **office**: Prime Minister of Madagascar
- **president**: Hery Rajaonarimampianina
- **term start**: 16 April 2014
- **term end**: 17 January 2015
- **predecessor**: Omer Beriziky
- **successor**: Jean Ravelonarivo
- **birth place**: Belon'i Tsiribihina, French Madagascar, Madagascar
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
- **alma mater**: University of Antananarivo
Jung Hong-won

**Jung Hong-won** (; born October 9, 1944 ) is a South Korean politician. He was the Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea from 26 February 2013 to 2015. He announced his resignation on 27 April 2014.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Chung Hong-won
- **native name lang**: ko
- **image**: Chung Hong-won small.jpg
- **office**: List of Prime Ministers of South Korea, 38th Prime Minister of South Korea
- **president**: Park Geun-hye
- **term start**: 26 February 2013
- **term end**: 16 February 2015
- **predecessor**: Kim Hwang-sik
- **successor**: Lee Wan-koo
- **birth place**: Hadong County, Kato County, Korea under Japanese rule, Japanese Korea

- **party**: Liberty Korea Party, Saenuri Party
- **alma mater**: Sungkyunkwan University


## Infobox (korean name)

- **rr**: Jeong Hong-won
- **mr**: Chŏng Hongwŏn
Vernon Scannell

**Vernon Scannell** (23 January 1922 – 16 November 2007) was a British poet and author. He was at one time a professional boxer, and wrote novels about the sport. He published 53 poems during his career which began in 1961. He was born in Spilsby, Lincolnshire.

Scannell died in Otley, West Yorkshire, England from a long-illness, aged 85.
Youcef Yousfi

**Youcef Yousfi** () (born 2 October 1941) is an Algerian politician. He has been Minister of Energy and Mines since 2010. He briefly served as Acting Prime Minister of Algeria in March–April 2014. Yousfi was Algeria's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 2006 to 2008.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Youcef Yousfi
- **image**: Youcef Yousfi.png
- **office**: Prime Minister of Algeria

- **president**: Abdelaziz Bouteflika
- **term start**: 13 March 2014
- **term end**: 29 April 2014
- **predecessor**: Abdelmalek Sellal
- **successor**: Abdelmalek Sellal
- **office1**: Ministry of Energy and Mining (Algeria), Minister of Energy and Mining
- **primeminister1**: Ahmed Ouyahia
Abdelmalek Sellal
- **term start1**: 28 May 2010
- **term end1**: 14 May 2015
- **predecessor1**: Chakib Khelil
- **successor1**: Salah Khebri
- **office2**: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Algeria), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **primeminister2**: Ahmed Benbitour
- **term start2**: 23 December 1999
- **term end2**: 28 August 2000
- **predecessor2**: Ahmed Attaf
- **successor2**: Abdelaziz Belkhadem
- **birth place**: Batna, Algeria, Batna, French Algeria, Algeria
- **party**: National Rally for Democracy (Algeria), National Rally for Democracy
- **alma mater**: École nationale supérieure des industries chimiques (ENSIC, Nancy), Graduate School of Chemical Industries
Nancy-Université, Nancy University
John C. Stennis

**John Cornelius Stennis** (August 3, 1901 – April 23, 1995) was an American politician. He was the United States senator of Mississippi. He served as senator from 1947 to 1989. He was a member of the Democratic Party. The USS John C. Stennis (CVN-74) is named after him. He served in the senate for 47 years. Stennis was born in Kemper County, Mississippi. Stennis was President pro tempore of the United States Senate from 1987 until 1989.

Cranston died at his hospital in Jackson, Mississippi from problems caused by pneumonia on April 23, 1995, aged 93.
Berenstain Bears

The **Berenstain Bears** are a group of fictional bears from movies and books. They were created by Stan and Jan Berenstain. The bears learn safety and morality lessons in every story. Issues in the stories include childhood obesity, bullying and online safety.

The _Berenstain Bears_ have been popular for many years. The stories have been criticized for being too sentimental and too predictable.
Carl Hayden

**Carl Trumbull Hayden** (October 2, 1877 – January 25, 1972) was an American politician. He the first United States Senator to serve seven terms. Hayden was also the President pro tempore of the United States Senate, serving from 1957 to 1969.

He represented Arizona. Hayden is a member of the Democratic Party. Hayden was born in Hayden's Ferry, Arizona.

Hayden died in Mesa, Arizona from an illness, aged 94.
Devil's Due

***Devil's Due*** is an American horror-thriller movie. It is about a young couple who go through many major issues, including a strange, unexpected pregnancy.

This movie was released on January 17, 2014. Its reception was very negative.
Mary Jo Catlett

**Mary Jo Catlett** (born September 2, 1938) is an American movie, stage, voice, and television actress. She is known for her role as housekeeper Pearl Gallagher on the television sitcom series _Diff'rent Strokes_ and for being the voice of Mrs. Puff in the cartoon series _SpongeBob SquarePants_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mary Jo Catlett
- **image**: Mary Jo Catlett with Mrs Puff (Mary Jo Catlett).jpg
- **caption**: Catlett in 2013
- **birth place**: Denver, Colorado, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1964-present
41 BC

Year **41 BC** was either a common year starting on Wednesday or Thursday or a leap year starting on Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Antonius and Vatia**.

## Events

- In the Perusine War the city of Sentinum is captured and destroyed by Quintus Salvidienus Rufus.
- Mark Antony meets Cleopatra VII. They form an alliance.

## Births

- Gaius Asinius Gallus Saloninus, consul under Caesar Augustus (d. AD 33)

## Deaths

- Arsinoe IV of Egypt
42 BC

Year **42 BC** was either a common year starting on Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Lepidus and Plancus**.

## Events

- Marcus Junius Brutus plunders the cities of Asia Minor
- Gaius Cassius Longinus occupies Rhodes
- Mark Antony lands with an army in Illyria
- Mark Antony and Octavian Caesar fight against Caesar's assassins Marcus Junius Brutus and Cassius in the Battle of Philippi.

## Births

- Tiberius, Roman emperor (d. AD 37)
- Marcus Claudius Marcellus

## Deaths

- Gaius Cassius Longinus, assassin of Julius Caesar
- Marcus Junius Brutus, assassin of Julius Caesar
- Marcus Livius Drusus, Roman nobleman
- Porcia Catonis, wife of Brutus
- Gaius Antonius, brother of Mark Antony
Mel Clark

**Melvin Earl** "**Mel**" **Clark** (July 7, 1926 – May 1, 2014) was an American Major League Baseball outfielder. He went to Ohio University and was signed by the Philadelphia Phillies in 1947. He played with the Phillies from 1951 to 1955 and with the Detroit Tigers in 1957. He was born in Letart, West Virginia.

Clark died on May 1, 2014 in West Columbia, West Virginia, aged 87.
Modesto, California

**Modesto** (Spanish for "modest") is the county seat and largest city in Stanislaus County, California, United States. As of 2020, 218,464 people lived in Modesto.

Modesto is in the Central Valley. It is on the Tuolumne River and near the Stanislaus River.

The nation's largest winery, E & J Gallo Winery, is in Modesto.

Modesto is the 18th largest city in California, and the 103rd largest city in the United States.

## Environment

Modesto has been honored as a Tree City USA many times. However, Modesto was named one of the most polluted cities in the U.S. in 2010.

## Notable people

- Jack Angel, voice actor.
- Sonny Barger, Oakland chapter founder of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club.
- Carol Channing, Tony Award-winning actress and singer.
- George Lucas, film director, producer, and screenwriter.
- James Marsters, actor.
- Timothy Olyphant, actor
- Jeremy Renner, actor.
- Royal Robbins, famous rock climber.
- Mark Spitz, Olympic gold medalist.
Extreme Rules (2014)

**Extreme Rules (2014)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming show made by WWE. It took place on May 4, 2014 at the Izod Center in East Rutherford, New Jersey. It was the sixth Extreme Rules event held by WWE and the first to also stream live on the WWE Network.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|El Torito (with Diego and Fernando) defeated Hornswoggle (with Heath Slater, Jinder Mahal and Drew McIntyre)|WeeLC match|11:01||||||
|Cesaro (with Paul Heyman) defeated Jack Swagger (with Zeb Colter) and Rob Van Dam|Triple Threat Elimination match|12:34||||||
|Alexander Rusev (with Lana) defeated R-Truth and Xavier Woods by submission|2-on-1 Handicap match|2:53||||||
|Bad News Barrett defeated Big E (c)|Singles match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship|7:55||||||
|The Shield (Roman Reigns, Seth Rollins and Dean Ambrose) defeated Evolution (Triple H, Randy Orton and Batista)|Six-man tag team match|19:52||||||
|Bray Wyatt (with Luke Harper and Erick Rowan) defeated John Cena by escaping the cage|Steel Cage match|21:12||||||
|Paige (c) defeated Tamina Snuka by submission|Singles match for the WWE Divas Championship|6:18||||||
|Daniel Bryan (c) defeated Kane|Extreme Rules match for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship|22:27||||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – is the champion(s) going into the match **P** – This match took place on the pre-show|||||||

### Triple Threat Eliminations

|Elimination|Wrestler|Eliminated by|Method|Time|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Jack Swagger|Rob Van Dam|Pin|06:25|
|2|Rob Van Dam|Cesaro|Pin|12:34|
|3|Cesaro|colspan="3"|**Winner**||

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Extreme Rules (2014)
- **promotion**: WWE
- **date**: May 4, 2014
- **venue**: Izod Center
- **city**: East Rutherford, New Jersey, East Rutherford, New Jersey
- **lastevent**: WrestleMania XXX
- **nextevent**: Payback (2014)
- **event**: WWE Extreme Rules, Extreme Rules
- **lastevent2**: Extreme Rules (2013)
- **nextevent2**: Extreme Rules (2015)
Spilsby

**Spilsby** is a small market town in East Lindsey, Lincolnshire, East Midlands, England. About 3,000 people live in the town. Its postcode is PE23.
East Lindsey

**East Lindsey** is a borough in Lincolnshire. About 140,000 people live in the borough. Its headquarters are in Manby. The borough's largest settlement is Skegness.