USS Robalo

The **USS Robalo (SS-273)**  was a Gato class submarine of the US Navy in World War II. The submarine went on three patrols.

## First patrol

On the way from Pearl Harbor to the Fremantle submarine base, Western Australia, she had met with enemy ships. On 13 February 1944 her attack was unsuccessful and no enemy ships were damaged or sunk.  She spent 36 of her 57-day mission submerged. When she arrived, Admiral Christie immediately had her commanding officer replaced. The new commanding officer was a son of Admiral Husband Kimmel, who commanded the Pacific Fleet when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, and nephew of Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid.

## Second patrol

For her second patrol, _Robalo_ went to the South China Sea, with the job of stopping Japanese oil tanker<nowiki/>s sailing from French Indochina to the fleet anchorage at Tawi Tawi. On 24 April 1944 off Indochina  she was bombed by a Japanese antisubmarine aircraft. The _Robalo_ had been seen by Japanese aircraft carrier Kaiyō which was escorting convoy Hi-58. In trying to escape the submarine dived quickly down to 350 feet (110 m), but the main entry hatch was not closed properly. The periscopes were damaged and flooded, her radar stopped working. A similar failure to close the main hatch had caused the submarine _Squalus_ to sink with the loss of 26 sailors in 1939.

On a "wildly aggressive patrol" lasting 51 days, _Robalo_ fired 20 torpedoes in four attacks:

- 3 May 1944, six torpedoes against a 4000-ton freighter (no damage);
- 8 May 1944, four torpedoes against a 1900-ton submarine (no damage);
- 17 May 1944,  six torpedoes against a 7500 tanker (one hit) and four torpedoes against a 1500-ton destroyer (no damage). She was credited with sinking a 7500-ton tanker but this could not be proved.

When she returned to Fremantle, Captain "Tex" McLean (commanding Subron 16) and Admiral Christie both considered relieving _Robalo's_commanding officer for his own safety.

## Third patrol

_Robalo_ departed Fremantle on 22 June 1944 on her third war patrol. She set a course for the South China Sea to conduct her patrol near the Natuna Islands. After leaving Makassar Strait and Balabac Strait (which was known to be mined), she was meant to arrive about 6 July and remain there until dark on 2 August 1944. On 2 July, a contact report stated _Robalo_ had sighted a _Fusō_-class battleship, with air cover and two destroyers for escort, just east of Borneo. No other messages were ever received from the submarine and when she did not return from patrol, she was presumed lost.

On 2 August, a note was dropped from the window of a cell of Puerto Princesa Prison Camp on Palawan Island in the Philippines. It was picked up by an American soldier who was on a work detail nearby. The note was in turn given to H. D. Hough, Yeoman Second Class, who was also a prisoner at the camp. On 4 August, he contacted Trinidad Mendosa, wife of guerrilla leader Dr. Mendosa had more information on the survivors. From these sources, it was concluded _Robalo_ was sunk on 26 July 1944,  off the western coast of Palawan Island. The submarine was sunk by an explosion near her after battery, probably caused by an enemy mine. Only four men swam ashore, and made their way through the jungles northwest of the Puerto Princesa Prison Camp. They were captured by the Japanese Military Police were jailed for guerrilla activities. On 15 August, they were evacuated by a Japanese destroyer and never heard from again. Even though Admiral Christie knew better it was reported for morale reasons that all hands went down with the boat. However, other prisoners on Palawan reported that the boat's skipper Lt. Cdr. Manning Kimmel, son of Admiral Husband Kimmel, was one of the survivors. It is believed that after an air strike on Palawan the Japanese were so angry that they pushed Kimmel and other prisoners into a ditch, poured in gasoline and burned them alive.

_Robalo_ was removed from the Naval Vessel Register on 16 September 1944. _Robalo_ earned two battle stars for World War II service.

As noted above, most sources credit _Robalo_ with sinking a 7,500 tanker but recent research shows the "Robalo" with two confirmed victories in the Pacific War Three sinkings are credited to the submarine USS _Lapon_ (SS-260), but the _Lapon's_ own history only claims one victory on this date.

## Infobox (ship begin)


## Infobox (ship image)

- **ship image**: Launching of USS ROBALO 9 May 1943, at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, Manitowoc, Wisconsin - NARA - 520628.tif
- **ship caption**: USS _Robalo_ (SS-273) at launch, and just after


## Infobox (ship career)

- **ship country**: United States
- **ship name**: Common snook, Robalo
- **ship builder**: Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, Manitowoc, Wisconsin
- **ship laid down**: 24 October 1942
- **ship launched**: 9 May 1943
- **ship commissioned**: 28 September 1943
- **ship struck**: 16 September 1944
- **ship fate**: Naval mine, Mined west of Palawan, 26 July 1944. 4 of the 81 crew survived, died as POW's


## Infobox (ship characteristics)

- **ship class**: Gato-class submarine, _Gato_-class diesel-electric submarine
- **ship displacement**: *1,525 long ton, tons (1,549 tonne, t) surfaced
*2,424 tons (2,460 t) submerged
- **ship draft**: maximum
- **ship speed**: *21 knots (39 km/h) surfaced
* submerged
- **ship range**: 11,000 nautical mile, nmi (20,000 km) surfaced at 10 knots (19 km/h)
- **ship endurance**: *48 hours at 2 knots (4 km/h) submerged
*75 days on patrol
- **ship test depth**: 300 ft (90 m)
- **ship complement**: 6 officers, 54 enlisted