1400s

These are some important events that happened in the years from 1401 to 1410. It is distinct from the decade known as the ***141st decade*** which began on January 1, 1401 and ended on December 31, 1410.

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## 1400

- Henry IV stops the Epiphany Rising.  He kills the people who try to have Richard II of England restored as King.
- The princes of the German states remove Wenceslaus as Holy Roman Emperor.
- Rupert is elected as Holy Roman Emperor.
- Owain Glyndŵr is called Prince of Wales by his followers.  He begins attacking Englishplaces in north-east Wales.
- Manuel II Palaiologos becomes the first (and last) Byzantine Emperor to visit England.
- The Medici family becomes powerful in Florence.

### Births

- Luca della Robbia, Florentine sculptor
- Owen Tudor, Welsh courtier (d. 1461)

### Deaths

- January 5 – John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English politician (executed)
- January 5 – Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, English politician (executed)
- January 13 – Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester, English politician (executed)
- January 16 – John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, English politician (executed)
- February 14 – King Richard II of England (probably murdered)
- April 28 – Baldus de Ubaldis, Italian jurist
- June 5 – Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, rival Holy Roman Emperor
- October 25 – Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet
- December 24 – Archibald the Grim, Scottish magnate
- Narayana Pandit, Indian mathematician

## 1401

- Timur raids the city of Baghdad in the Jalayirid Empire.
- A civil war starts in the Majapahit Empire in present-day Indonesia.

### Births

- May 12 – Emperor Shoko of Japan
- October 27 – Catherine of Valois, queen of Henry VI of England
- December 21 – Tommaso Masaccio, Italian painter

### Deaths

- October 20 – Klaus Störtebeker, German pirate
- Anabella Drummond, queen of Scotland

## 1402

- King Jogaila of the Poland–Lithuania union marries Anna of Celje.  She is a granddaughter of Casimir III of Poland.
- May 21 – Following the death of Queen Maria of Sicily, her husband Martin I of Sicily marries Blanche of Navarre.
- The University of Würzburg, Germany, is founded.
- The Great Comet of 1402 is sighted.

### Births

- September 29 – Fernando, the Saint Prince of Portugal
- Leonor of Aragon, Queen of Portugal

### Deaths

- March 26 – David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, heir to the throne of Scotland
- May 3 – João Anes, Archbishop of Lisbon
- July 13 – Jianwen Emperor of China

## 1403

- February 7 – King Henry IV of England marries Joanna of Navarre.
- Henry 'Hotspur' Percy forms an alliance with Welsh rebel Owain Glyndŵr.
- July 21 – Battle of Shrewsbury:  King Henry IV of England defeats a rebel army led by "Hotspur" Percy.  Percy is killed in the battle by an arrow in his face.
- In China, the Ming Emperor Yongle moves the capital from Nanjing to Beijing.
- The world's first quarantine station is built in Venice.  It is to protect against the Black Death.
- Stefan Lazarević makes Belgrade the capital of the Serbian Despotate.

### Births

- January 17 – George Kastrioti of Albania
- February 22 – King Charles VII of France
- June 11 – John IV, Duke of Brabant
- Robert Wingfield, English politician
- Louis III of Naples

### Deaths

- May 10 – Katherine Swynford, widow of John of Gaunt
- May 12 – William de Lode, English prior
- July 23 – Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, English rebel (executed)
- Beyazid, Ottoman Sultan
- Hajji Zayn al-Attar, Persian physician
- Đurađ II Stracimirović, Serbian nobleman

## 1404

- June 14 – Rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr allies with the French against the English.
- October 17 – Pope Innocent VII succeeds Pope Boniface IX as the 204th pope.
- November 19 – St. Elizabeth's flood ruins parts of Flanders, Zeeland and Holland.
- Jean de Béthencourt becomes the first ruler of the Kingdom of the Canary Islands.
- Stephan Tvrtko II succeeds Stefan Ostoja as King of Bosnia.
- The University of Turin is founded.

### Births

- February 9 – Constantine XI, last Byzantine Emperor
- February 18 – Leon Battista Alberti, Italian painter, poet, and philosopher
- March 25 – (baptism) – John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, English military leader
- June – Murad II, Ottoman Sultan
- July 25 – Philip I, Duke of Brabant
- September 10 – Gilles de Rais, French aristocrat
- October 14 – Marie of Anjou, queen of Charles VII of France
- Yamana Sōzen, Japanese warlord and monk

### Deaths

- April 27 – Philip II, Duke of Burgundy
- September 14 – Duke Albert IV of Austria
- September 23 – Eleanor of Arborea, ruler of Sardinia
- September 27 – William of Wykeham, English bishop and statesman
- October 1 – Pope Boniface IX
- October 15 – Marie Valois, French princess
- December 13 – Albert, Count of Holland

## 1405

- June 8 – Archbishop Richard le Scrope of York and Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Norfolk, were executed in York on Henry IV's orders.
- Bath Abbey is built in England.
- First written record of whiskey being drank is recorded in Ireland.  It was distilled by Catholic monks.
- Early feminist Christine de Pizan writes _The Book of the City of Ladies_.

### Births

- March 6 – King John II of Castile
- May 6 – George Kastrioti, Albanian national hero
- October 18 – Pope Pius II

### Deaths

- February 14 – Timur, Turco-Mongol monarch and conqueror
- May 29 – Philippe de Mézières, advisor to Charles V of France

## 1406

- April 4 – James I becomes King of Scotland.
- October 26 – Eric of Pomerania marries Philippa, daughter of Henry IV of England.
- November 30 – Pope Gregory XII succeeds Pope Innocent VII as the 205th pope.
- December 25 – John II becomes King of Castile.
- Construction of the Forbidden City begins in Beijing.

### Births

- September 26 – Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros, English soldier and politician
- Ulrich II of Celje
- Lorenzo Valla, humanist

### Deaths

- January 6 – Roger Walden, English bishop
- March 19 – Ibn Khaldun, Arab historian
- April 4 – King Robert III of Scotland
- May 4 – Coluccio Salutati, Chancellor of Florence
- July 15 – Duke William of Austria
- August 28 – John de Sutton V
- November 1 – Joanna, Duchess of Brabant
- November 6 – Pope Innocent VII
- December 25 – King Henry III of Castile

## 1407

- April 10 – The fifth Karmapa finally visits the Ming Dynasty capital, then at Nanjing.
- November 23 – The Duke of Orleans is killed; war starts again between the Burgundians and his followers.
- Rudolfo Belenzani leads a revolt against Bishop Georg von Liechtenstein in Trento, Italy.

### Births

- March 15 – Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden
- August 27 – Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shogun
- Thomas de Littleton, English judge

### Deaths

- March 7 – Francesco I Gonzaga, ruler of Mantua
- April 23 – Olivier de Clisson, French soldier
- November 23 – Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans, brother of Charles VI of France
- Pero López de Ayala, Spanish soldier
- Tokugawa Chikauji, Japanese nobleman

## 1408

- December 13 – The Order of the Dragon is founded under King Sigismund of Hungary.
- Henry, Prince of Wales retakes Aberystwyth from Owain Glyndŵr.

### Births

- April 8 – Jadwiga of Lithuania, Polish princess

### Deaths

- May 31 – Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Japanese shogun
- Pope Matthew of Alexandria
- Elizabeth le Despenser, English noblewoman
- John VII Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor
- Miran Shah, son of Timur

## 1409

- January 1 – The Welsh surrender Harlech Castle to the English.
- December 2 – The University of Leipzig opens.
- Martin I of Aragon becomes King of Sicily.
- Ulugh Beg becomes governor of Samarkand.
- Venice buys the port of Zadar from Hungary.

### Births

- January 16 – René of Anjou
- October 1 – Karl Knutsson, King of Sweden
- Bernardo Rossellino, Florentine sculptor and architect

### Deaths

- May 13 – Jan z Tarnowa, Polish nobleman
- May 22 – Blanche of England, sister of King Henry V
- July 25 – King Martin I of Sicily
- Thomas Merke, English bishop