juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Joan Plowright

**Dame Joan Ann Plowright, Baroness Olivier** <small>DBE</small> (28 October 1929 – 16 January 2025) was an English actress. Her career spanned over sixty years. She won two Golden Globe Awards and a Tony Award and was nominated for an Academy Award, an Emmy and two BAFTA Awards. She was married to the actor Laurence Olivier from 1961 until his death in 1989.

Plowright died at retirement home in Northwood, England on 16 January 2025, at the age of 95.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Joan Plowright 1983.jpg
- **caption**: Plowright in 1983
- **honorific prefix**: Dame
- **name**: Joan Plowright
- **honorific suffix**: Order of the British Empire, DBE
- **birth place**: Brigg, Lincolnshire, England
- **death place**: Northwood, London, Northwood, London, England
- **birth name**: Joan Ann Plowright
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 3
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1948–2014; 2018
- **signature**: Unterschrift Joan Plowright britische Schauspielerin.png
Curious George

**Curious George** is the main character of a series of popular children's books by the same name. It was written by Hans Augusto Rey and Margret Rey. The books feature a curious brown monkey named George, who George is not anthropomorphic brought from his home in Africa by "The Man with The Yellow Hat" to live with him in a big city.
H. A. Rey

**Hans Augusto Rey** (September 16, 1898 – August 26, 1977) was an American illustrator and a writer. He was best known for the _Curious George_ series of children's picture books that he and his wife Margret Rey created from 1939 to 1966.
Margret Rey

**Margret Elizabeth Rey** (May 16, 1906 – December 21, 1996) was a German-American writer and illustrator of Jewish descent.

She was known best for the _Curious George_ series of children's picture books that she and her husband H. A. Rey created from 1939 to 1966.  She met her husband Hans Augusto Rey in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil while attempting to escape Nazism.
Curious George (book)

***Curious George*** is a children's book written and illustrated by Margret Rey and H. A. Rey, and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1941. It is the first book in the Curious George series and tells the story of a monkey called George and his adventures with the Man with the Yellow Hat.

## Story

The story starts in Africa, where a man wearing a yellow hat sees George swinging in the trees. The man wants to bring George home with him, so he leaves his hat on the ground. George climbs down from the tree, picks up the hat, and puts it on. The man captures George and puts him in a bag.

The two go on a big ship and sail to the city. Inside the ship, the man tells George that he is bringing George to the zoo and tells him not to get in trouble. George sees some seagulls flying and tries to fly like them, only for George to fall into the ocean. The sailors save George from drowning by throwing him a life preserver. After a long ride, the ship arrives on land, and the man takes George to his house. After eating and smoking, George falls asleep.

The next morning, the man calls the zoo. George then plays with the telephone and calls the fire station. When the firefighters arrive at the house, there was no fire; only a curious monkey. The firemen take George to jail for making a joke call.

George tries to leave his prison cell by climbing out the window. Just then, a guard walks in and climbs onto a wooden bed while trying to catch George. But the guard is so heavy that the bed tilts and traps him against the wall. George runs out the door and walks across the telephone cables on the utility poles.

George looks down the wall and sees a man selling balloons. George wants a red balloon for himself, but he takes them all and flies over town. George looks down and thinks that the city looks like a toy set. He then lands on a traffic light and sees his friend, the man in the yellow hat. The man pays for the balloons that George had taken, and drives George to the zoo, where he shares the balloons with the other animals.
Ed O'Ross

**Ed O'Ross** (born July 4, 1946) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Itchy in _Dick Tracy_, ruthless Georgian mobster Viktor Rostavili in _Red Heat_, and tough-then-alien-possessed police detective Cliff Willis in _The Hidden_.

O'Ross was born **Edward Oross** in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ed O'Ross
- **image**: Ed O'Ross.jpg
- **caption**: Ross in 2007
- **birthname**: Edward Oross
- **birth place**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1979–present
Michael Kelly

**Michael Joseph Kelly** (born May 22, 1969) is an American actor.

He is best known for his roles in movies such as _Changeling_, _Dawn Of The Dead_, _Law Abiding Citizen_, _The Adjustment Bureau_, and _Chronicle_, _Now You See Me_. He also appeared in the television miniseries _Generation Kill_ and the _Criminal Minds_ spin-off series _Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior_.

He currently plays Doug Stamper in the American adaptation of _House of Cards_.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: MichaelKellyFeb2011.jpg
- **name**: Michael Kelly
- **caption**: Kelly in February 2011
- **birth name**: Michael Joseph Kelly
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
Carla Gugino

**Carla Gugino** (born August 29, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in _Spy Kids_, _Sin City_,
_Race to Witch Mountain_, _San Andreas_, _Watchmen_, _Son in Law_, and _Night at the Museum_.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Carla Gugino 2011.jpg
- **caption**: Gugino in a 2011 CNN interview
- **birth place**: Sarasota, Florida, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1988–present
- **domesticpartner**: Sebastian Gutierrez
American Gigolo

***American Gigolo*** is a 1980 American crime drama movie. It is about a male escort in Los Angeles whose job pays for expensive cars, cocaine and clothing. Richard Gere plays Julian. Lauren Hutton plays Michelle.

This movie was released on February 8, 1980.
Lena Olin

**Lena Olin** (born 22 March 1955) is a Swedish actress. She played Josephine in _Chocolat_. She also played Ruby in _Hollywood Homicide_.

Olin was born in Stockholm.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lena Olin
- **image**: Lena Olin and Lasse Hallström at the Berlin International Film Festival 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Olin and husband Lasse Hallström in 2013
- **birth name**: Lena Maria Jonna Olin
- **birth place**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1976–present
- **children**: 2
The Unbearable Lightness of Being (movie)

***The Unbearable Lightness of Being*** is a 1988 American erotic romantic drama movie. It is based on the novel of the same name. The movie is set in 1968 in Prague and Switzerland. Daniel Day-Lewis plays brain surgeon Tomas. Lena Olin plays Sabina. Juliette Binoche plays Tereza.

This movie was released in February 1988.
La Grande, Oregon

**La Grande** is a city in Union County, Oregon. It was originally named "Brownsville," it was forced to change its name due to that name already being used for a city in Linn County. The population was 13,026 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Union County.
Maps to the Stars

***Maps to the Stars*** is a 2014 satirical and drama movie. It was directed by David Cronenberg. This movie is about two former child stars and about the relationship of the entertainment industry with western civilization as a whole. Havana is played by Julianne Moore. Dr. Stafford is played by John Cusack.

The movie received mostly positive reviews from critics, and performances from the cast were praised. It was released in May 2014.
Pendleton, Oregon

**Pendleton** is a city in Umatilla County, Oregon. The population was 17,107 at the 2020 census. The city is the county seat of Umatilla County.
Leo Sharp

**Leonard Sharp** (May 7, 1924 – December 12, 2016) was an American World War II veteran and notorious drug courier, or "mule". He transported drugs, mostly cocaine, across the United States, mostly to and from the southern US border and Detroit, Michigan. He allegedly transported more than 1,000 pounds of cocaine during his years of dealing.

## Notoriety

He was widely considered by the Sinaloa cartel and DEA authorities as an urban legend in Detroit until his arrest in 2013. He pleaded not guilty in October 2013 and was sentenced to three years in prison in May 2014. Sharp was the oldest drug mule in the world. He was released from prison in 2015 due to poor health.

## Personal life

Sharp was born in Michigan City, Indiana. He was raised in Detroit, Michigan. He fought in World War II and received a Bronze Star Medal for his service.

Sharp had dementia. He died of the natural causes related to the disease on December 12, 2016 in Michigan at the age of 92.

The 2018 movie _The Mule_ is based on Sharp's life, with Clint Eastwood playing "Earl Stone" (based on Sharp).

## Other websites

- Drug mule, 90, gets 3 years for hauling cocaine, seeks to delay imprisonment

## Infobox (criminal)

- **image**: Leo Sharp (2011 mugshot, age 87).jpg
- **birth name**: Leo Earl Sharp
- **birth place**: Michigan City, Indiana, US
- **death place**: Michigan, US
- **resting place**: National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific
Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
- **alias**: El Tata
- **conviction**: Drug trafficking
- **conviction penalty**: 3 years, federal prison
- **apprehended**: October 21, 2011
- **imprisoned**: 2014–2015, released after 1 year for humanitarian reasons
- **capture status**: Deceased
- **occupation**: Florist
Drug courier for the Sinaloa Cartel
Alice Pung

**Alice Pung** (born 1981) is an Australian writer, editor, lawyer and educator. She is best known for writing the memoir _Unpolished Gem_ and editing the anthology _Growing Up Asian in Australia_.

Pung was born in Footscray, Victoria and raised in Braybrook. Her parents were Taiwanese immigrants living in Cambodia. They fled to Australia during Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge regime in 1980. She was born one month after the event. She is the oldest of four siblings.
Tidal locking

**Tidal locking** (or **captured rotation**) is when one side of an astronomical body always faces another. It is also called **synchronous rotation**. The classic example is the Moon: the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth.

A tidally locked body takes just as long to rotate around its own axis as it does to revolve around its partner. This makes one hemisphere constantly face the partner body. Usually, at any given time only the satellite is tidally locked around the larger body. If the two bodies are similar in mass, and their distance apart is small, the tidal force will lock _each_ to the other. This is the case between Pluto and Charon.

If the Moon were not spinning at all, it would alternately show its near and far sides to Earth, while moving around Earth in orbit.

It is possible to work out how long it takes for a particular case of tidal locking to occur. It is just a rough estimate, because some factors are poorly known. An example is the rigidity of a planetary body and its change in shape under tidal force. Tidal locking is an aspect of orbital resonance.

### Solar System

**Locked to the Sun**
- Mercury

**Locked to the Earth**
- Moon

**Locked to Mars**
- Phobos
- Deimos

**Locked to Jupiter**
<div style="-moz-column-count:4; column-count:4;">
- Metis
- Adrastea
- Amalthea
- Thebe
- Io
- Europa
- Ganymede
- Callisto
</div>

**Locked to Saturn**
<div style="-moz-column-count:4; column-count:4;">
- Ymir

- Pan
- Atlas
- Prometheus
- Pandora
- Epimetheus
- Janus
- Mimas
- Enceladus
- Telesto
- Tethys
- Calypso
- Dione
- Rhea
- Titan
- Iapetus
</div>

**Locked to Uranus**
- Miranda
- Ariel
- Umbriel
- Titania
- Oberon

**Locked to Neptune**
- Proteus
- Triton

**Locked to Pluto**
- Charon (Pluto is itself locked to Charon)

_Other_
- Dysnomia (Eris is locked to Dysnomia)

### Extra-solar

Hot Jupiters are usually tidally locked to their star.

The close-orbiting giant planet Tau Boötis b is known to be locked to the star Tau Boötis A.

## Libration

**Libration** is an oscillating motion of orbiting bodies relative to each other. Examples include the motion of the Moon relative to Earth, or of Trojan asteroids relative to planets.

The Moon generally has one hemisphere facing the Earth, due to tidal locking. Therefore, our first view of the far side of the Moon resulted from lunar exploration in the 1960s.

However, this simple picture is only approximately true: over time, slightly _more_ than half (about 59%) of the Moon's surface is seen from Earth due to libration.

Libration is a slow rocking back and forth of the Moon as viewed from Earth, permitting an observer to see slightly different halves  of the surface at different times.
Horsehead nebula

The **Horsehead Nebula** (also known as **Barnard 33**) is a dark nebula in the constellation Orion.
The nebula is part of the much larger Orion complex. The nebula is located just to the south of the star Alnitak. Alniak is the farthest east on Orion's Belt. It is part of the much larger Orion Molecular Cloud Complex.

## Early history

The nebula was first recorded in 1888 by Scottish astronomer Williamina Fleming. It was recorded on photographic plate B2312 taken at the Harvard College Observatory. The Horsehead Nebula is about 1500 light years from Earth. It is one of the most known nebulae because of its shape when seen from Earth.

## Composition of the nebula

The dark cloud of dust and gas is a region in the Orion Nebula where star formation is taking place. The nebula contains over 100 known organic and inorganic gases. It also consists of large and complex organic molecules.

The red or pinkish glow comes from hydrogen gas behind the nebula.  Magnetic fields channel the gases leaving the nebula into streams that show as streaks in the background glow. A glowing strip of hydrogen gas marks the edge of the massive cloud. Thee densities of stars are different on either side.

The darkness of the Horsehead is caused by thick dust blocking the light of stars behind it. The lower part of the Horsehead's neck casts a shadow to the left. Bright spots in the Horsehead Nebula's base are young stars just in the process of forming.

## Related pages

- Crab Nebula
- Helix Nebula
- Orion Nebula

## Other websites

- The Horsehead Nebula @ The Electronic Sky
- The discovery of early photographs of the Horsehead nebula, by Waldee and Hazen
- The Horsehead Nebula in the 19th Century, by Waldee
- Horsehead Nebula at ESA/Hubble
- The Horsehead Nebula at the Astro-Photography site of Mr. T. Yoshida.
- The Horsehead Nebula at Constellation Guide
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin

**Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin** (May 10, 1900 – December 7, 1979) was a British-American astronomer and astrophysicist.

## Early life

Payne was born in Wendover, England. In 1919, she won a scholarship to Newnham College, Cambridge University. She studied  botany, physics, and chemistry. She was not given a degree because women were not given degrees by Cambridge until 1948. In 1923 she moved to the United States. She became an American citizen in 1931.

## Personal life

In 1933, she met Russian-born astrophysicist Sergei I. Gaposchkin in Germany. She married him in 1934.
She also discovered what elements made up stars.
Samira Wiley

**Samira Denise Wiley** (born April 15, 1987) is an American actress. She is an African American who was born in Washington, D.C.. She studied drama at the Juilliard School in New York. She plays Poussey Washington in the Netflix series _Orange Is the New Black_. In between seasons of Orange Is the New Black, Wiley filmed _Rob the Mob_.
Carter G. Woodson

**Carter Godwin Woodson** (December 19, 1875 – April 3, 1950) was an African-American historian. Woodson was one of the first scholars to study African-American history. He started the _Journal of Negro History_.

Woodson was born to James and Eliza Riddle Woodson in Buckingham County, Virginia. He was a famous African-American historian, journalist, author, and founder of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History.
Rodney Alcala

**Rodney James Alcala** (born **Rodrigo Jacques Alcala Buquor**; August 23, 1943 – July 24, 2021) was a Latin American rapist and serial killer.

He committed five murders in California from 1977 to 1979. He was sentenced to death in 2010. He was given an extra sentence of 25 years to life after he pled guilty to two homicides in New York which took place in 1971 and 1977.

Alcala was sometimes called the "_Dating Game_ Killer". During the middle of his murder spree, he appeared on the show in 1978 and won.

## Early life

When Alcala was 17, Alcala joined the army. In 1964, he was discharged and was diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. In 1968, he gained a bachelor's degree from UCLA.

## Death

Alcala died of natural causes on July 24, 2021 in Corcoran, California at the age of 77.

## Other websites

- Crime Library: Extreme Serial Killer

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Rodney Alcala
- **image**: Rodney Alcala 1979 mugshot.jpg
- **caption**: Alcala in 1979
- **birth name**: Rodrigo Jacques Alcala Buquor
- **alias**: The Dating Game Killer
John Berger
John Burger
Rod Alcala
- **birth place**: San Antonio, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: Corcoran, California, Corcoran, California, U.S.
- **cause**: Natural causes
- **years active**: 1968–1979
- **victims**: At least 8, possibly up to 130
- **country**: United States
- **states**: Washington (state), Washington (possibly)
California
New York (state), New York
Wyoming
- **beginyear**: 1968
- **endyear**: 1979
- **apprehended**: July 24, 1979
- **conviction**: Battery (crime), Battery, kidnapping, murder, probation violation, rape, providing cannabis to a minor
- **sentence**: Capital punishment in California, Death
- **imprisoned**: California State Prison, Corcoran
- **criminal charge**: 1 count of battery
1 count of kidnapping
Violation of probation
2 counts of rape
1 count of providing cannabis to a minor
5 counts of first-degree murder (2010)
WrestleMania XII

**WrestleMania XII** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on March 31, 1996 at the Arrowhead Pond in Anaheim, California. It was the twelfth WrestleMania event held by the WWF.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**#**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Matches**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Free for All|The Bodydonnas (Skip and Zip) (with Sunny) defeated The Godwinns (Henry and Phineas) (with Hillbilly Jim)|Tag team match for the vacant WWF Tag Team Championship|5:22|||||
|1|Camp Cornette (Vader, Owen Hart and The British Bulldog) (with Jim Cornette) defeated Yokozuna, Jake Roberts and Ahmed Johnson (with Mr. Fuji)|Six-man tag team match|12:51|||||
|2|Steve Austin (with Ted DiBiase) defeated Savio Vega|Singles match|10:00|||||
|3|The Ultimate Warrior defeated Hunter Hearst Helmsley (with Sable)|Singles match|1:40|||||
|4|The Undertaker (with Paul Bearer) defeated Diesel|Singles match|16:46|||||
|5|Roddy Piper defeated Goldust (with Marlena)|Hollywood Backlot Brawl|12:15|||||
|6|Shawn Michaels (with José Lothario) defeated Bret Hart (c)|Iron Man match for the WWF Championship|1:01:52|||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match|||||||

## Other websites

- Official WrestleMania XII website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: WrestleMania XII
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Federation
- **date**: March 31, 1996
- **venue**: Honda Center, Arrowhead Pond
- **city**: Anaheim, California, Anaheim, California
- **lastevent**: In Your House 6
- **nextevent**: In Your House 7: Good Friends, Better Enemies
- **event**: WrestleMania
- **lastevent2**: WrestleMania XI
- **nextevent2**: WrestleMania 13
WrestleMania XI

**WrestleMania XI** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on April 2, 1995 at the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut. It was the eleventh WrestleMania event held by the WWF. WrestleMania XI was met with mixed reviews and has been called both the worst WrestleMania of all time and the event that saved the WWF.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**#**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Matches**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|The Allied Powers (Lex Luger and The British Bulldog) defeated The Blu Brothers (Jacob and Eli) (with Uncle Zebekiah)|Tag team match|6:34|||||
|2|Razor Ramon (with The 1–2–3 Kid) defeated Jeff Jarrett (c) (with The Roadie) by disqualification|Singles match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship|13:32|||||
|3|The Undertaker (with Paul Bearer) defeated King Kong Bundy (with Ted DiBiase)|Singles match with Larry Young as the special guest referee|6:36|||||
|4|Owen Hart and Yokozuna (with Mr. Fuji and Jim Cornette) defeated The Smokin' Gunns (c) (Billy and Bart)|Tag team match for the WWF Tag Team Championship|9:42|||||
|5|Bret Hart defeated Bob Backlund|"I Quit" match with Roddy Piper as the special guest referee|9:34|||||
|6|Diesel (c) (with Pamela Anderson) defeated Shawn Michaels (with Sid and Jenny McCarthy)|Singles match for the WWF Championship|20:35|||||
|7|Lawrence Taylor defeated Bam Bam Bigelow (with Ted DiBiase)|Singles match with Pat Patterson as the special guest referee|11:42|||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match|||||||

## Other websites

- Official WrestleMania XI website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: WrestleMania XI
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Federation
- **date**: April 2, 1995
- **venue**: XL Center, Hartford Civic Center
- **city**: Hartford, Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut
- **lastevent**: Royal Rumble (1995), Royal Rumble
- **nextevent**: In Your House 1
- **event**: WrestleMania
- **lastevent2**: WrestleMania X
- **nextevent2**: WrestleMania XII
Małgorzata Braunek

**Małgorzata Braunek** (30 January 1947 – 23 June 2014) was a Polish actress of movies and stage. She won a Best Supporting Actress Award at the Polish Film Awards for her role in _Tulipany_ (2004). She also had roles in movies such as _The Third Part of the Night_ (1971), _The Devil_ (1972) and _The Deluge_ (1974).

Braunek was born in Szamotuły. She graduated from the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts, Warsaw in 1969. She was married to movie director Andrzej Żuławski. They had a son actor and movie producer, Xawery Żuławski (1971). She was a follower and teacher of Zen Buddhism.

Braunek died from cancer in Warsaw on 23 June 2014, aged 67.

## Other websites

- Małgorzata Braunek at culture.pl
Peter Greste

**Peter Greste** (born 1 December 1965) is a Latvian-Australian journalist. He is best known for his work as a foreign correspondent. From 1991 to 1995, he was based in the United Kingdom, Bosnia and South Africa. During this time, he worked for Reuters, CNN, WTN and the BBC. He eventually worked for Al Jazeera. In May 2012, he won a Peabody Award for his work on the documentary _Somalia: Land of Anarchy_.

Greste was born in Sydney, New South Wales. Greste's ethnicity is Latvian. He is a dual citizen of Australia and Latvia.

On 29 December 2013, he and other Al Jazeera journalists were arrested in Cairo, Egypt by authorities on terrorism charges relating to the Muslim Brotherhood. On 23 June 2014, Greste was found guilty by the court, and sentenced to seven years jail. United States Secretary of State John Kerry and Australian officials were quick to show support for the jailed journalists.

On 2 February 2015, Greste was released from prison and made to leave Egypt. This was ordered by the President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, because of a new law which lets the government deport foreign prisoners.
Orion complex

The **Orion complex** (sometimes called the **Orion  molecular cloud complex**) is a huge star-forming area in the constellation of Orion.

It is a large group of bright nebulae, dark clouds, and young star clusters. The cloud is between 1,500 and 1,600 light-years away and is hundreds of light-years across. Several parts of the nebula can be seen through binoculars and small telescopes. Some parts (such as the Orion nebula) are visible to the naked eye.

The nebula is important because of its sheer size. It is also one of the most active regions of stellar formation that can be seen in the night sky. In it are protoplanetary discs and many very young stars.  The nebula is very bright in the infrared wavelengths due to the heat-intensive processes involved in star formation. The complex contains dark nebulae, emission nebulae, reflection nebulae, and HII regions.

## Nebulae in the complex

The following is a list of notable nebulae in the larger nebula complex:
- The Orion nebula, also known as M42
- M43, which is part of the Orion Nebula
- IC 434, which contains the Horsehead Nebula
- The Horsehead nebula
- Barnard's Loop
- M78, a reflection nebula
- NGC 1999
- NGC 2175
    - NGC 2174
- Various Orion molecular clouds
- Flame nebula (NGC 2024)

Also the Orion OB1 Association is part of this complex. This is a group of several dozen hot giant stars of spectral types O and B. These are blue  and blue-white stars.

## Other websites

- Orion Cloud Complex
- SEDS website
- Clickable table of Messier Objects
- Orion images
Menemen

**Menemen** is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is also the name of a town in that district.
Sara Widén

**Sara Kristina Widén** (9 May 1981 – 13 June 2014) was a Swedish opera singer (soprano). From 2013 until her death, she was starring in productions by the Royal Swedish Opera.

Widén was born in Halmstad, Halland County. Her younger brother Jacob Widén (born 1983) is a member of the punk rock band Neverstore.

Widén died from cancer on 13 June 2014 in Stockholm, aged 33.
Hannover Hauptbahnhof

**Hannover Hauptbahnhof** (German for _Hanover main station_) is the main railway station of the German city of Hanover, Lower Saxony. It is the most important transportation service in the city. Each day, 250,000 people use the station.

It is served by local, regional and long-distance trains. It has 12 tracks on 6 platforms.

Hanover Central railway station was opened in 1843, and the new building in 1879.

The statue in front of the main building is showing Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, riding a horse.
Sin Cara

**Sin Cara** is the ring name of two former WWE wrestlers (luchadores):

- Místico (Luis Ignacio Urive Alvirde), the first Sin Cara from 2011 to 2013
- Hunico (José Jorge Arriaga Rodríguez**),** the second Sin Cara (or **Sin Cara Negro**), who shortly replaced Místico in 2011 and performed as Sin Cara from 2013 to 2019
Erik Durm

**Erik Durm** (born 12 May 1992 in Pirmasens) is a German association football defender (football) that plays for Borussia Dortmund and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He made his first appearance for Germany in their draw against Cameroon on 1 June 2014.

## Other websites

- fussballdaten.de
Christoph Kramer

**Christoph Kramer** (born in Solingen, Germany on 19 February 1991) is a German football defender (football) who plays for Borussia Mönchengladbach and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He made his first appearance for Germany in their draw against Poland on 13 May 2014.

## Other websites

- fussballdaten.de
Sagittarius A

**Sagittarius A** (or **Sgr A**) is a complex radio source at the galactic centre of the Milky Way. It is in the Sagittarius constellation, but hidden from view by large clouds of cosmic dust in the spiral arms of the Milky Way.

It consists of three components: the remains of a supernova  **Sagittarius A East**, the spiral structure **Sagittarius A West**, and a very bright compact radio source at the center of the spiral, **Sagittarius A***. These three overlap: Sagittarius A East is the largest, West appears off-center within East, and A* is at the centre of West.

## Sagittarius A East

This feature is about 25 light-years wide. It looks like a remnant from a supernova explosion that happened between 35,000 and 100,000 years ago. However, it would take 50 to 100 times more energy than a standard supernova explosion to create a structure of this size and energy. Sgr A East might be the remains of a star that exploded as it was gravitationally squashed approaching the central black hole.

## Sagittarius A West

Sgr A West looks like a three-arm spiral from the point of view of the Earth. Actually it is made of several dust and gas clouds, which orbit and fall onto Sagittarius A* at velocities as high as 1,000 kilometers per second. The surface layer of these clouds is ionized. The source of ionisation is the population of massive stars that also occupy the central parsec of the galaxy. Over hundred such OB stars have been identified so far.

## Sagittarius A*

There is a supermassive black hole at the centre of the galaxy. Sagittarius A* (abbreviated Sgr A*) is the most likely candidate for the position of this central black hole. The Very Large Telescope and Keck Telescope detected stars orbiting Sgr A* at speeds greater than any other stars in the galaxy. One star, S2, orbits Sgr A* at speeds of over 5,000 kilometers per second at its closest approach.

A gas cloud is expected to collide with the black hole in 2014 and provide additional information.
Rafael Caldera

**Rafael Antonio Caldera Rodríguez** (; 24 January 1916 – 24 December 2009), twice elected President of Venezuela, served for two five-year terms (1969–1974 and 1994–1999), becoming the longest serving democratically elected leader to govern the country in the twentieth century.

Widely acknowledged as one of the founders of Venezuela’s democratic system, the main architect of the 1961 Constitution, and a pioneer of the Christian Democratic movement in Latin America, Caldera helped forge an unprecedented period of civilian democratic rule in a country beleaguered by a history of political violence and military caudillos.

His leadership established Venezuela’s reputation as one of the more stable democracies in Latin America during the second half of the twentieth century.

After graduating with a degree in law and political science from Central University of Venezuela in 1939, Caldera embarked on a 70-year long career that combined political, intellectual and academic activities.

## Other websites

- Rafael Caldera  — Official biography.
- Rafael Caldera  — Biography from National Convergence webpage.
- Speeches and Biography
- Extended bio by CIDOB Foundation

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rafael Caldera
- **image**: Rafael Caldera 1969 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 1969
- **office**: President of Venezuela
- **term start**: 2 February 1994
- **term end**: 2 February 1999
- **predecessor**: Ramón José Velásquez
- **successor**: Hugo Chávez
- **term start2**: 11 March 1969
- **term end2**: 12 March 1974
- **predecessor2**: Raúl Leoni
- **successor2**: Carlos Andrés Pérez
- **office3**: National Assembly of Venezuela, Senator for Life
- **term start3**: 12 March 1974
- **term end3**: 2 February 1994
- **term start4**: 2 February 1999
- **term end4**: 20 December 1999
- **office5**: President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Congress of Venezuela
- **term start5**: 1959
- **term end5**: 1962
- **office6**: Solicitor General of Venezuela
- **term start6**: 26 October 1945
- **term end6**: 13 April  1946
- **birth name**: Rafael Antonio Caldrea Rodríguez
- **birth place**: San Felipe, Yaracuy, Venezuela
- **death place**: Caracas, Venezuela
- **occupation**: Lawyer
- **signature**: Rafael Caldera Signature.svg
- **website**: [http://www.rafaelcaldera.com Official website]
- **party**: COPEI
<small>(1946–1993)</small>
National Convergence
<small>(1993–2009)</small>
- **spouse**: Alicia Pietri, Alicia Pietri Montemayor
- **alma mater**: Central University of Venezuela
Alexander Stubb

**Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb** (born 1 April 1968) is a Finnish politician who is the 13th President of Finland since 2024. He was the 43rd Prime Minister of Finland from 24 June 2014 to 29 May 2015. He was the Leader of the National Coalition Party from 14 June 2014 to 11 June 2016. Stubb can speak five languages, which are Finnish, Swedish, English, German and French.

Stubb successfully ran for president in the 2024 election. After taking office, Stubb became the second Swedish-Finnish president in the history of Finland after Marshal of Finland, Baron C. G. E. Mannerheim.

Stubb has been married to Suzanne Innes-Stubb, a British-Finnish lawyer, since 1998.

## Other websites

- Alexander Stubb on Twitter
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Minister for Foreign Affairs, Alexander Stubb
- College of Europe website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alexander Stubb
- **image**: Alexander Stubb - 2024 (73516) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Stubb in 2024
- **office**: 13th President of Finland
- **primeminister**: Petteri Orpo
- **term start**: 1 March 2024
- **predecessor**: Sauli Niinistö
- **order1**: Prime Minister of Finland
- **president1**: Sauli Niinistö
- **deputy1**: Antti Rinne
- **term start1**: 24 June 2014
- **term end1**: 29 May 2015
- **predecessor1**: Jyrki Katainen
- **successor1**: Juha Sipilä
- **office2**: Minister of Finance (Finland), Minister of Finance
- **primeminister2**: Juha Sipilä
- **term start2**: 29 May 2015
- **term end2**: 22 June 2016
- **predecessor2**: Antti Rinne
- **successor2**: Petteri Orpo
- **office3**: National Coalition Party, Leader of the National Coalition Party
- **term start3**: 14 June 2014
- **term end3**: 11 June 2016
- **predecessor3**: Jyrki Katainen
- **successor3**: Petteri Orpo
- **office4**: Minister for Foreign Trade and Development (Finland), Minister for European Affairs and Trade
- **primeminister4**: Jyrki Katainen
- **term start4**: 22 June 2011
- **term end4**: 24 June 2014
- **predecessor4**: Astrid Thors
- **successor4**: Lenita Toivakka
- **office5**: Minister for Foreign Affairs (Finland), Minister for Foreign Affairs
- **primeminister5**: Matti Vanhanen
Mari Kiviniemi
- **term start5**: 4 April 2008
- **term end5**: 22 June 2011
- **predecessor5**: Ilkka Kanerva
- **successor5**: Erkki Tuomioja
- **office6**: Member of the Parliament of Finland, Finnish Parliament
for Uusimaa (constituency), Uusimaa
- **term start6**: 20 April 2011
- **term end6**: 30 July 2017
- **office7**: Member of the European Parliament
for Finland (European Parliament constituency), Finland
- **term start7**: 20 July 2004
- **term end7**: 3 April 2008
- **birth name**: Cai-Göran Alexander Stubb
- **birth place**: Helsinki, Finland
- **party**: National Coalition Party
- **children**: 2
- **relatives**: Göran Stubb (father)
Kai Setälä (maternal grandfather)
- **education**: Furman University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Paris-Sorbonne University (Graduate diploma, GrDip)
College of Europe (Master of Arts, MA)
London School of Economics (Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
- **branch**: Finnish Army
- **rank**: Korpraali, Lance Corporal
Shashi Kapoor

**Shashi Kapoor** (**Balbir Raj Prithviraj Kapoor**; 18 March 1938 in Calcutta – 4 December 2017 in Mumbai) was an Indian movie actor and movie producer. He was known for his roles in _Junoon_, _Kabhie Kabhie_, _Deewaar_, _Siddhartha_, and in _Ajooba_.

Kapoor died in a hospital in Mumbai of cirrhosis on 4 December 2017 at the age of 79.

## Other websites

- Non Resident Indian magazine profile of Shashi Kapoor

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Shashi Kapoor
- **image**: ShashiKapoor.jpg
- **birthname**: Balbir Raj Prithviraj Kapoor
- **birth place**: Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British Raj, British India
(now Kolkata, West Bengal, India)
- **death place**: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- **years active**: 1941–1999 (retired)
- **children**: Kunal Kapoor (Kapoor family), Kunal Kapoor
Karan Kapoor
Sanjana Kapoor
- **height**: 1.83 m
- **spouse**: Jennifer Kendal _(1958–1984; her death)_
- **occupation**: Actor, Director, Producer
- **other names**: Balbir
 Shashi
 Balbir Raj
 Shasha _(used by his brother, Shammi Kapoor)_
 Shashi Baba
- **relatives**: Kapoor Family
Gotham, Wisconsin

**Gotham** (also **Richland City**) is an unincorporated census-designated place, in the town of Buena Vista, in Richland County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located about an hour west of Madison, Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, its population was 189.
Samuel Insull

**Samuel Insull** (November 11, 1859 – July 16, 1938) was a British-born American  business magnate whose vast Midwest holding company empire collapsed in the 1930s. He was an innovator and investor based in Chicago. Insull was known for buying utilities and railroads using holding companies.

## Other websites

- TIME magazine cover photo of Samuel Insull, November 29, 1926
- TIME magazine cover photo of Samuel Insull, November 4, 1929
- TIME magazine cover photo of Samuel Insull, May 14, 1934
- PBS: Photo of Samuel Insull with Thomas Edison
- Encyclopædia Britannica Concise: Photo of Samuel Insull

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Samuel Insull
- **image**: SAMUEL INSULL.jpg
- **alt**: Samuel Insull, 1920
- **caption**: Samuel Insull in 1920.
- **birth place**: London, England, United Kingdom
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **relatives**: Martin Insull
- **occupation**: businessman
Mickey Cohen

**Meyer Harris "Mickey" Cohen** (September 4, 1913 – July 29, 1976) was an American gangster who worked in Los Angeles. He was part of the Jewish Mafia, and also had strong ties to the American Mafia from the 1930s through 1960s.

## Other websites

- Benny's Shadow: All about Mickey Cohen  by Mark Gribben
- Recollections of Mickey Cohen on the Los Angeles Times' Daily Mirror blog
- Biography of Mickey Cohen  - Biography.com
- _Time_, April 15, 1957
- Beyond 'Gangster Squad': The Real Mickey Cohen, by Tere Tereba
IPhone 5C

The **iPhone 5C** (sold with a lowercase 'c' as **iPhone 5c**) is a touchscreen-based smartphone that is made by Apple Inc. It comes after the iPhone 5, and was released along with the iPhone 5S. Apple introduced the iPhone 5C and the iPhone 5S at an event on September 10, 2013. They were both released on September 20, 2013. After the announcement of the iPhone 5C and 5S, the iPhone 5 was discontinued.

The iPhone 5C first came with iOS 7, the latest version of Apple's iOS mobile operating system at the time. On June 2, 2014, it was announced that the iPhone 5C would get iOS 8 in the fall. iOS 8 was released on September 17, 2014.

The iPhone 5C has almost the same hardware as the iPhone 5. A few differences are that it has a slightly bigger battery and it also comes in five different colors (blue, green, pink, yellow, and white). It also uses a plastic shell on the outside instead of a metal casing that is used on the iPhone 5 and 5S.

## History

Apple announced the iPhone 5C, along with the iPhone 5S at an event at its headquarters on September 10, 2013.

The iPhone 5C is sold at a lower price than the iPhone 5S. The iPhone 4S is still being sold, but has been changed so that it costs less than the 5C. The iPhone 5S sells for $199 for the 16 GB model with a two-year contract in the United States. It sells for $649 without a contract. The 5C sells for $99 for the 16 GB model on a contract. It sells for $549 without a contract. The iPhone 4S is still being sold, but the price has been dropped. It is free on a two-year contract or $449 without a contract.

An 8 GB version of the iPhone 5C was released on March 18, 2014, but will only be sold in six countries: United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Australia, and China.

## Related pages

- iPhone 5S

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (information appliance)

- **name**: iPhone 5C
- **logo**: IPhone_5c_Logo.svg
- **image**: IPhone 5C (blue).svg
- **caption**: iPhone 5C in Blue
- **manufacturer**: Apple Inc.
- **predecessor**: iPhone 5
- **successor**: iPhone 6
iPhone 6 Plus
- **related**: iPhone 5S
- **type**: Smartphone
- **dimensions**: H
 W
 D
- **os**: **Original:** iOS 7, iOS 7.0
**Current:** iOS, iOS 9.2, released
- **soc**: Apple A6 (32-bit)
- **cpu**: 1.3 GHz Multi-core processor, dual-core
- **memory**: 1 Gibibyte, GB LPDDR2-1066 Random-access memory, RAM
- **storage**: 8, 16 or 32 GB
- **memory card**: No
- **input**: Multi-touch touchscreen display
Triple microphone configuration
3-axis gyroscope
3-axis accelerometer
Digital data, Digital magnetometer, compass
Proximity sensor
photodetector, Ambient light sensor
- **display**: diagonal
 (9:16 aspect ratio),
 multi-touch display,
 Backlight, LED backlit In-plane switching, IPS TFT LCD,
640×1136 Image resolution, pixels at 326 Pixel density, ppi,
800:1 contrast ratio (typical),
500 luminance, cd/m<sup>2</sup> max. brightness (typical), Fingerprint-resistant Lipophobicity, oleophobic coating on front
- **sound**: Single loudspeaker
3.5 mm TRS connector, TRRS, 20 Hz to 20 kHz frequency response (internal, headset)
3.5 mm TRS connector, audio jack
Microphone
- **image size**: 200px
Orange Studio

**Orange Studio** (formerly Studio 37) is a company in Paris, France that creates movies. It is a subsidiary of Orange S.A., and works on French and European long feature films and series.

Orange Studio was founded in 2007 as Studio 37. In 2013, Studio 37 was renamed to Orange Studio.

### Film

- 2013 : _Jappeloup_ by Christian Duguay
- 2015 : _One wild moment_ by Jean-François Richet
- 2016 : _The Dancer_ by Stéphanie Di Giusto
- 2017 : _The Guardians_ by Xavier Beauvois
- 2018 : _Little Tickles_ by Andréa Bescond and Eric Métayer
- 2019 : _Battle of the classes_ by Michel Leclerc
- 2019 : _La Belle Époque_ by Nicolas Bedos
- 2019 : _A Hidden Life_ by Terrence Malick
- 2020 : _Wasp Network_ by Olivier Assayas
- 2020 : _How to be a good wife_ by Martin Provost
- 2021 : _Labor Day_ by Julien Rambaldi
- 2021 :_The Father_ by Florian Zeller

### Television shows

- 2019 : _The Name of the Rose_
- 2020 : _Devils_
- 2020 : _Cheyenne & Lola_
- 2021 : _The Opera_

## Box-office

- Films co-produced by Orange Studio which more than one million people in France watched.

||||**Year**|**Box office**|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|1|***The Artist***|align="center"|Michel Hazanavicius|align="center"|2011|align="center"|827|
|align="center"|2|**The Little Prince**|align="center"|Mark Osborne|align="center"|2015|align="center"|1 933 690|
|align="center"|3|**Stars 80**|align="center"|Frédéric Forestier and Thomas Langmann|align="center"|2012|align="center"|509|
|align="center"|4|***Jappeloup***|align="center"|Christian Duguay|align="center"|2013|align="center"|043|
|align="center"|5|***War of the Buttons***|align="center"|Christophe Barratier|align="center"|2011|align="center"|231|
|align="center"|6|***La belle époque***|align="center"|Nicolas Bedos|align="center"|2019|align="center"|297|
|align="center"|6|***Fatal***|align="center"|Michaël Youn|align="center"|2010|align="center"|113|
|align="center"|7|***Welcome***|align="center"|Philippe Lioret|align="center"|2009|align="center"|065|
|align="center"|8|***Gainsbourg : A Heroic Life héroïque***|align="center"|Joann Sfar|align="center"|2010|align="center"|451|

## Other websites

- Orange Studio on IMDb
- Orange Studio  website

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Orange Studio
- **logo**: File:Logo orange studio.png
- **former name**: Studio 37
- **industry**: Filmmaking
- **foundation**: (as Studio 37)
- **location**: Paris, France
- **key people**: Kristina Zimmermann (CEO)
Christine Albanel (President)
- **num employees**: 23 (2017-12-31)
- **parent**: Orange S.A.
- **homepage**: [http://www.orange-studio.fr/ orange-studio.fr]
Camilo Cienfuegos

**Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán** (; February 6, 1932 – October 28, 1959) was a Cuban revolutionary. He was born in Lawton, Havana. He was raised in an anarchist family that had left Spain before the Spanish Civil War. Cienfuegos became a key figure of the Cuban Revolution, along with Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Juan Almeida Bosque, and Raúl Castro.

On October 28, 1959, Cienfuegos's Cessna 310 ('FAR-53') disappeared over the ocean during a night flight from Camagüey to Havana. He was declared dead on the same day when searches for the plane failed. He was 27 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Camilo Cienfuegos
- **birth place**: Havana, Lawton, Havana, Cuba
- **disappeared place**: Cuba Florida Straits
- **nationality**: Cuban
- **image**: Camilo Cienfuegos.jpg
- **organization**: 26th of July Movement
Juan Almeida Bosque

**Juan Almeida Bosque** (February 17, 1927 – September 11, 2009) was a Cuban politician and one of the original commanders of the Cuban Revolution.

After the 1959 revolution, he was a famous figure in the Communist Party of Cuba. At the time of his death in 2009, he was a Vice-President of the Cuban Council of State and was its third ranking member. He received several decorations, and both national and international awards, including the title of "Hero of the Republic of Cuba" and the Order of Máximo Gómez.

On September 11, 2009, Juan Almeida died of a heart attack, aged 82.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Juan Almeida
- **image**: Juan Almeida Bosque.jpg
- **birth place**: Havana, Cuba
- **death place**: Havana, Cuba
Crash (computing)

A **Computer crash** is when a computer program stops running normally. The program can be either an application or the computer's operating system. The program may freeze (stop) or may show a crash report explaining what happened. One, called the Blue Screen of Death has a blue screen and means whatever you were working on may have just 'died'. Many crashes involving computers are often the result of machine instructions not running right. Typical causes are if programs' counters are set to incorrect addresses or buffer overflows.

An application crash can happen if an operation (a set of instructions) is performed that is not allowed by the operation system. If an application crashes, any work in progress may be lost. For this reason it is very important to backup computer files every few minutes. In some (mostly older) operating systems, when one application program crashes, other running programs may crash as a result.

Operation systems often crash due to hardware problems. A device driver that is poorly written can cause an operating system to crash. The solution may be to upgrade the driver. Some operating systems, such as Minix, have ways to recover from driver crashes.
With Arms Wide Open

"**With Arms Wide Open**" is a power ballad and is the third single off American rock band Creed's second studio album _Human Clay_. The song was released on April 24, 2000.

The song won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Song at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards in 2001. It was also nominated for Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group but lost to U2's "Beautiful Day".

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: With Arms Wide Open
- **artist**: Creed (band), Creed
- **album**: Human Clay
- **b-side**: "One (Creed song), One"
"Wash Away Those Years"
- **released**: April 24, 2000
- **recorded**: 1998
- **genre**: Post-grunge, hard rock
- **length**: 4:36 (album version)
3:53 (radio version)
- **label**: Wind-up Records, Wind-up
- **writer**: Scott Stapp
Mark Tremonti
- **producer**: Ron Saint Germain
John Kurzweg
- **chronology**: Creed (band), Creed singles
- **prev title**: What If (Creed song), What If
- **prev year**: 2000
- **next title**: Are You Ready? (Creed song), Are You Ready?
- **next year**: 2000