juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Cristiana Corsi

**Cristiana Corsi** (23 April 1976 – 22 February 2016) was an Italian taekwondo specialist. She was born in Rome. She competed in the women's featherweight category. She was thought of as one of Italy's best taekwondo players.

## Career

Corsi won a total of nine medals in her career. This includes a gold at the 2002 European Championships in Samsun, Turkey, and a silver in the 59-kg division at the 2003 Summer Universiade in Daegu, South Korea.

Corsi was also selected to compete for the Italian taekwondo team in two Olympic Games (2000 and 2004). She finished in fifth place in the women's featherweight category (57 kg) each time. Throughout her career, Corsi trained for Rome Taekwondo Centre () in Rome. She trained under head coach and master Park Young-Gil.

## Death

Corsi died in Rome on 22 February 2016. She was 39.
Yolande Fox

**Yolande Betbeze Fox** (November 29, 1928 – February 22, 2016) was an American singer and beauty pageant winner. She was crowned Miss America 1951. She won her first crown in 1949 when she won Mobile's "Miss Torch" pageant. In 1950, she entered Miss Alabama because it offered scholarship opportunities.

Fox was an active feminist. After her one-year reign as Miss America, she served as an ambassador to Paris. She was active in the NAACP, CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), and SANE (The Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy). She studied philosophy at the New School for Social Research in New York City.

Fox was also an active opera singer and became famous in this area.

Yolande Fox died on February 22, 2016 in Washington, D.C. of lung cancer. She was aged 87.

## Other websites

- Yolande Betbeze's bio on the Miss America site
- Miss Alabama official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Yolande Fox
- **image**: Yolande Betbeze NYWTS.jpg
- **birth name**: Yolande Betbeze
- **birth place**: Mobile, Alabama
- **death place**: Washington, D.C.
- **alma mater**: New School for Social Research (Philosophy)
- **occupation**: Opera singer, activist
- **term**: Miss America 1951
- **spouse**: Matthew Fox (1954-1964; his death)
- **children**: 1
Min

**Min** or **MIN** may refer to:

## Languages

- Min Chinese, a variety of spoken Chinese
- Min Nan, a variety of Chinese spoken in Fujian
- Minangkabau language, ISO 639-2 code min, an Austronesian language, spoken in Indonesia

## Places

- Fujian, also called Mǐn, a province of China
    - Min (Ten Kingdoms) (909–945), a state in Fujian during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
- Min County, a county of Dingxi, Gansu province, China
- Minnesota, a state in the United States

## Other uses

- Queen Min, empress of Joseon
- Menes or Min, an early Egyptian pharaoh
- Min (god), an Egyptian god
- Minimum
- Minnesota Wild, a professional NHL ice hockey team based in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States
- NFL's Minnesota Vikings, NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves and MLB's Minnesota Twins
- Minute
- Minuth or Min, a type of heresy in Judaism
- Mobile identification number
- Min, an abbreviation for minister (government)
Andy Bathgate

**Andrew James Bathgate** (August 28, 1932 – February 26, 2016) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played as a right wing. He played 17 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers, Toronto Maple Leafs, Detroit Red Wings and Pittsburgh Penguins.

Bathgate died on February 26, 2016 in his home in Mississauga, Ontario. He died from complications of Alzheimer's disease. He was aged 83. He also had Parkinson's disease.

## Other websites

- Anderson, Dave. "Two Rangers Sweaters Will Rise Where a Cup Banner Didn't," _The New York Times_, Sunday, February 22, 2009.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Topps 1957 Andy Bathgate.png
- **image size**: 230px
- **played for**: ***National Hockey League, NHL***
 New York Rangers
Toronto Maple Leafs
Detroit Red Wings
Pittsburgh Penguins
 ***World Hockey Association, WHA***
 Vancouver Blazers
 ***Western Hockey League, WHL***
 Vancouver Canucks
 ***American Hockey League, AHL***
 Cleveland Barons (1937-1973), Cleveland Barons
Pittsburgh Hornets
 ***National League A, Nat-A***
 HC Ambri-Piotta, Ambrì-Piotta
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 183
- **birth place**: Winnipeg, Manitoba, MB, Canada, CAN
- **death place**: Mississauga, Ontario, ON, CAN
- **career start**: 1952
- **career end**: 1975
- **halloffame**: 1978
Tony Burton

**Anthony** "**Tony**" **Burton** (March 23, 1937 – February 25, 2016) was an American actor, boxer and comedian. He was born in Flint, Michigan. He was best known for his role as Tony "Duke" Evers in the _Rocky_ series of movies. He was also known for his roles as Wells in _Assault on Precinct 13_ and as Larry Durkin _The Shining_.

Burton died on February 25, 2016 at a hospital in Southern California. He died from complications of pneumonia. He was aged 78.

## Other websites

- Tony Burton 1993 Greater Flint Afro-American Hall of Fame Inductee
- Tony Burton (Aveleyman)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tony Burton
- **birth name**: Anthony Burton
- **birth place**: Flint, Michigan, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Southern California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Complications from Pneumonia
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **occupation**: Actor, athlete, comedian
- **years active**: 1957–2007
- **spouse**: Aurelian Burton
Rae Burton
- **children**: (3) 1 daughter, Juanita and 2 sons, Martin and Jomo
Eri Klas

**Eri Klas** (7 June 1939 – 26 February 2016) was an Estonian conductor, boxer and educator. He was born in Tallinn. He was best known for his work in leading the Netherlands Radio Symphony Orchestra.

He was a professor at Sibelius Academy from 1993 to 1997 and at the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre from 1997 until his death in 2016. He was honored with the Order of the Lion of Finland and Order of the White Star in 1992. He was a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. In 1986, he was named a People's Artist of the USSR. He was also a member of the Estonian Olympic Committee.

Klas died in Tallinn on 26 February 2016 from a heart attack. He was aged 76.

## Other websites

- Estonian National Cultural Foundation page on Eri Klas
- Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra page on Eri Klas
- Jewish Community in Estonia, February 2006 bulletin
Gianni Infantino

**Gianni Infantino** (; born 23 March 1970) is a Swiss-Italian football administrator. He has been the president of FIFA since 26 February 2016. He was the general secretary of UEFA from 2009 through 2016.

On 26 October 2015, Infantino received the full support of the UEFA Executive Committee to stand for the position of president in FIFA's upcoming Extraordinary Congress. On the same day, he confirmed his candidacy. He was elected president at the Congress on 26 February 2016. The Congress was held with the purpose of reforming FIFA.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gianni Infantino
- **image**: Gianni Infantino 2025.jpg
- **caption**: Infantino in 2025
- **office**: 9th President of FIFA
- **vicepresident**: Ángel María Villar
David Chung (football executive), David Chung
Salman bin Ibrahim Al Khalifa
- **term start**: 26 February 2016
- **predecessor**: Sepp Blatter
Issa Hayatou
- **birth name**: Giovanni Vincenzo Infantino
- **birth place**: Brig-Glis, Brig, Valais, Switzerland
- **awards**:  Order of Friendship
 Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Indonesia#Bintang_Jasa_(Star_of_Service), Star of Service
- **spouse**: Leena Al Ashqar
- **children**: 4
- **alma mater**: University of Fribourg
- **signature**: Gianni Infantino autograph.svg
- **nationality**: Swiss
2016 Republican National Convention

The **2016 Republican National Convention** was the 41st national convention held by the Republican Party. It was held in Cleveland, Ohio from 18-21 July 2016. The purpose of the convention is for the delegates, who are people who represent someone, to vote for the 2016 presidential and vice presidential nominee for the United States Republican Party.

The candidates were businessman Donald Trump of New York, U.S. senator Ted Cruz of Texas, and Governor John Kasich of Ohio.

There are 2,472 delegates to the Republican National Convention. A candidate therefore needs a majority of at least 1,237 delegates to win the presidential nomination.

## Results

The convention was held on July 18 to 21. After the convention, Donald Trump with his running mate Mike Pence won the presidential nomination for the Republican Party.
Arts et Métiers ParisTech

**Arts et Métiers ParisTech** (**ENSAM** or **École nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers**) is a graduate engineering school in France.

It awards the following French & European degrees:
- _Ingénieur ENSAM_ (ENSAM Graduate engineer Masters level program)
- _Masters Recherche_ & _Doctorat_ (PhD doctorate studies )
- _Mastères Spécialisés_ (MS)
- _Massive Online Open Course_

Classes are mainly in French and English. The school has 6300 students from a lot of countries. Most of the students live in dedicated housing buildings nearby.

## Research labs

Research activities at Arts et Métiers ParisTech relate to the following topics:
- Fluid dynamics
- Mechanical engineering
- Electrical engineering and electronics
- Materials and methods
- Biomechanics and microstructures
- Information science

## Former student

- Lucien Servanty, head of design of Concorde

## More reading

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **image**: Logo Arts et Métiers.svg
- **name**: Arts et Métiers ParisTech
- **established**: 1780
- **type**: Public
- **president**: Laurent Champaney
- **city**: Paris
- **country**: France
- **students**: 6200
- **budget**: €124.6 M <small>(in 2011)</small>
- **faculty**: 600
- **campus**: Paris, Aix-en-Provence, Angers, Lille, Bordeaux,
Châlons-en-Champagne, Cluny, Metz
- **former names**: ENSAM (Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers), Ecole impériale d'Arts et Métiers, Ecole d'Arts et Métiers
- **nickname**: Gadzarts
- **free label**: Institutes
- **free**: Bastia, Chambéry, Chalon-sur-Saône
- **affiliations**: ParisTech, France AEROTECH, conférence des grandes écoles, CGE
- **colors**: Purple  Orange (colour)
- **logo**: ParisTechLogo.svg
Suomenlinna

**Suomenlinna**, known until 1918 as **Viapori**, known in Swedish as **Sveaborg**, is a fortress in Finland. It is located on six islands in the sea near Helsinki.

Construction of the fortress started in 1748 when Finland was still part of the Kingdom of Sweden. Sweden wanted to defend the sea areas against Russia. They also needed a place to fix their military ships. In 1808 Russia ruled Finland. They made the fortress stronger to defend Helsinki, which was now the capital of Finland.

In 1917 Finland became independent. In 1918 Viapori was taken over by the new Finnish government and was renamed Suomenlinna ( meaning "Castle of Finland"). Some of the islands were used as a navy school. There was also a prison, and prisoners worked to repair the old fortress.

Today, Suomenlinna is one of Finland's most popular tourist attractions. It is only a short ferry ride from Helsinki to visit Suomenlinna. It is a Unesco World Heritage site. It is also a living part of Helsinki city. Around 850 people live there.

## Other websites

- Suomenlinna official site
Castries

**Castries** is the capital city of Saint Lucia. Saint Lucia is an island in the Windward Islands, which is part of the Caribbean. Castries has a population of about 3,600 people, about 16,000 live near the city. Castries is known for its port. The main products shipped from there include bananas, sugarcane and rum.
Distance education

**Distance education** (or **distance learning**) is a form of education where the teacher and the student(s) are not at the same physical location. In this mode of education, students get their course materials delivered to their homes, including lecture notes and assignments, via mail or any other online portal.

It follows that the teaching must be done via some kind of medium or a collection of media. Print, movie, television, radio, video chat and computer web sources have been used.  In 1840 Isaac Pitman began teaching his shorthand by sending and receiving postcard<nowiki/>s.  His success led to the establishment of correspondence schools.

Distance learning technologies using the Internet are used both for mastering individual advanced training courses for users, taking online courses and for obtaining higher education.

## Types of Distance education

There are two types of **distance education (**or **distance learning).**

### Synchronous (Paced)

It involves real-time delivery of lectures, allowing for live communication with teachers. This model requires teleconferencing and similar technologies, enabling face-to-face contact with instructors and classmates. However, it lacks flexibility as learners must adhere to scheduled class times.

**Asynchronous (Self-paced)**

This type of learning allows learners to progress through the curriculum at their own pace. Weekly deadlines are provided, allowing individuals to work according to their preferred speed and schedule. Course content can be accessed at any time, and interaction may occur through video comments, quizzes, and discussions.

## Advantages

- Flexibility — students can get an education at the right time and in a convenient place;

- Extended reach - students are not limited by distance and can study regardless of their place of residence;
- Cost—effectiveness - the costs of long-distance trips to the place of study are significantly reduced.
- Adaptability - Some instructors customise distance education programmes to serve their academic needs. Learners will get the chance to learn the course in any way.
- Work and study can be combined – a distance learning program is often compatible with a full-time job.

## Disadvantages

Some learners find remote learning distracting and may miss deadlines without direct interactions. Reliable computer and internet access are essential, and some instructors may require a webcam. Slow internet can cause frustration with long load times and frozen videos.

## Related pages

- Open University
- E-learning
Platanus

***Platanus*** is a genus of plants, which mostly occur  on the Northern Hemisphere. All of them are trees, which reach heights between  and . There are eight to ten recent species of _Platanus_, and at least three extinct ones.

In English, these trees are called **planes** or **plane trees**.  Some North American species are called **sycamores**, but this name is also used for a species of fig.

## London plane

The London plane, _Platanus_ × _acerifolia_, is a hybrid or a cultivar. Exactly what the parents were in uncertain. It was extensively planted on London streets before WWII, but is no longer in favour. The London plane is very tolerant of air pollution and root compaction (small space for roots). For these reasons it was a popular urban roadside tree. Now, however, it is indirectly something of a pest. Aphids in their millions suck sap from its leaves, and drop sugary liquid onto cars parked underneath. Older London streets have virtually no off-road parking.
Karl Dedecius

**Karl Dedecius** (20 May 1921 – 26 February 2016) was a Polish-born German translator. He translated works of Polish and Russian literature. He was born in Łódź, Poland. In 1959, he published his first anthology, _Lektion der Stille_ (_Lesson of Silence_). In 1980, he founded the German Poland Institute in Darmstadt. He served as director from 1980 through 1997.

Dedecius died in Frankfurt on 26 February 2016. He was aged 94.

## Other websites

- Marion Gräfin Dönhoff, „Beheimatet in Polen und Deutschland. Aus einer Laudatio auf Karl Dedecius...“, DIE ZEIT 11/1986
- Marion Gräfin Dönhoff, „Mittler zwischen schwierigen Nachbarn“, DIE ZEIT 04/2002
- Karl-Dedecius-Archiv im Collegium Polonicum
- Deutsches Polen-Institut, Darmstadt
- Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels
Tajik language

The **Tajik language** is the official language of Tajikistan. It is a dialect of the Persian language. It was written in the Persian alphabet until 1928. From 1928 to 1939, it was written mostly in the Latin alphabet until the Soviet government forced Tajiks to write their language in Cyrillic in 1939. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Tajik continues to be written in Cyrillic, although now it can also be written in the Latin alphabet.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Tajik/Tajiki
- **nativename**: тоҷикӣ ()
- **states**: Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
- **ethnicity**: Tajiks
- **speakers**: million
- **date**: 2015 census – 2015
- **ref**: e18
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian
- **fam3**: Iranian languages, Iranian
- **fam4**: Western Iranian languages, Western Iranian
- **fam5**: Southwestern Iranian languages, Southwestern Iranian
- **fam6**: Persian language, Persian
- **script**: Cyrillic script, Cyrillic, Latin script, Latin
- **iso1**: tg
- **iso2**: tgk
- **iso3**: tgk
- **lingua**: 58-AAC-ci
- **image**: "Tajik", written in Cyrillic (Tоҷикӣ) and Nastaliq (تاجیکی).svg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **imagecaption**: "Tojikī" written in Cyrillic script and Persian (Nasta'liq script)
- **notice**: IPA
- **glotto**: taji1245
- **glottorefname**: Tajik
Francisco Rubio Llorente

**Francisco Rubio Llorente** (25 February 1930 – 23 February 2016) was a Spanish judge and law professor. He was President of the Spanish Council of State between 2004 to 2012. His predecessor and successor was José Manuel Romay Beccaría. He was judge on the Constitutional Court of Spain between 1980 to 1992. He spent the last three of those years as Vice President.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1988.

Llorente died in Madrid on 23 February 2016 from heart failure. He was aged 85.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Francisco Rubio Llorente
- **image**: D. Francisco Rubio.jpg
- **office**: President of the Spanish Council of State
- **term start**: 2004
- **term end**: 2012
- **predecessor**: José Manuel Romay Beccaría
- **successor**: José Manuel Romay Beccaría
- **office2**: Judge of the Constitutional Court of Spain
- **term start2**: 1980
- **term end2**: 1992
- **birth date**: 25 February 1930
- **birth place**: Berlanga, Badajoz, Spain
- **death place**: Madrid, Spain
Jack's Big Music Show

***Jack's Big Music Show*** is a children's musical TV show on Noggin. The show involves a guitarist named Jack, his best friend Mary, and their pet dog Mel. They're all puppets. Each of the characters play music together, as well as music guests who are willing to join in. A singing group called the Schwartzman Quartet also appears in various episodes.

## Main characters

- Jack: The main character.
- Mary: Jack's partner, best friend and love interest.
- Mel: Jack's pet dog.
- The Schwartzman Quartet: A look-alike singing group.
2014 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A - Results of first round

This is the **Results of the first round of 2014 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A**.

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Constitutional right

A **constitutional right** is a right or freedom which is guaranteed to citizens by that country's constitution. In the United States constitutional rights are guaranteed by the United States Constitution. Most of these rights are contained in the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments to the US constitution.

For example, nearly half of all the countries in the world have some form of guaranteed right to health care protected by their country's constitution. However, a right to health care is not a constitutional right in the United States. Besides the US, Guatemala, Haiti, Mexico,  Bolivia, Costa Rica, Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Liberia are among those countries where citizens all have a constitutional right to own firearms. But only Guatemala's rights are as broad as the Second Amendment's rights in the United States. The constitutions of about 182 countries guarantee some form of Freedom of religion. The constitutional rights granted by the First Amendment, including freedom of the press, freedom of speech, the right to petition and the freedom of assembly, are almost unique to the United States.
Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The **Tenth Amendment** (**Amendment X**) to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, 1791. It helps explain the concept of federalism, the relationship between federal and state governments. The Tenth Amendment clearly states that any remaining powers not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution are reserved for the states or for the people.

## Powers not delegated

The single point of the Tenth Amendment was to clearly show the balance of power between the federal and state governments as established by the Constitution. It was intended to put to rest any fears the new national government would seek additional powers that the states could then not fully use.

In _Bond v. United States_ (2011), Carol A. Bond had been convicted under the federal Chemical Weapons Implementation Act of 1998 for a local assault using a chemical irritant (a chemical that causes skin burns). Bond's attorneys argued the federal law was intended for terrorists and rogue states. Instead, should have been prosecuted under state law. In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court reversed the decision by the lower court and sent the case back. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote: "Bond has standing to challenge the federal statute on grounds that the measure interferes with the powers reserved to States..., etc."
Noble metal

A **noble metal** is a metal that has a low chemical reactivity. Normally, this means it is resistant to corrosion and oxidation in air, but more specific definitions exist in different fields of chemistry, with different levels of "nobility" for different elements depending on the definition.

Gold, silver, and the platinum group metals are usually considered noble. Sometimes, mercury and copper can be regarded as noble metals; in specific cases, other elements like rhenium are added.

Metals and alloys that use passivation to resist corrosion, like nickel, aluminium, chromium, titanium, and stainless steel are not considered noble because of their other properties, like how they react with oxygen.

Noble metals are valuable, because they are not commonly found in the Earth's crust.  They have many uses in everyday things including chemical engineering, electronics, and jewelry. They are used where rusting or corrosion is unacceptable, such as data connectors on computers.

## Related pages

- Precious metal
- Noble gas
Title IX

**Title IX** (pronounced "title nine") is a portion of the United States Education Amendments of 1972. It was co-authored and introduced by Senator Birch Bayh after the wave of feminist activism led by Bernice Sandler. It was renamed the Patsy Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act in 2002, after its late House co-author and sponsor. Title IX is a federal law that makes it illegal to  discriminate against a person on the basis of sex in any federally funded activity. But even after Title IX was passed by Congress, women's athletic and academic opportunities in American schools still did not equal men's programs.
2014 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A - Results of second round

This is the **Results of the second round of 2014 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A**.

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Immigration and Naturalization Service

The **United States Immigration and Naturalization Service** (**INS**) was an agency of the Department of Justice from 1933 to 2003. The agency ceased to exist under that name on March 1, 2003. This is when most of its responsibilities were transferred to three new agencies. These were the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). All were within the newly created Department of Homeland Security, as part of a major government reorganization following the September 11 attacks of 2001.

## History

In 1890, the federal government, rather than the individual states, regulated immigration into the United States. The Immigration Act of 1891 established a Commissioner of Immigration in the Treasury Department.  Immigration was transferred to the United States Department of Commerce and Labor after 1903 and the Department of Labor after 1913.  In 1940, with increasing concern about national security, immigration and naturalization was organized under the authority of the Department of Justice.

In 2003 the administration of immigration services became the responsibility of the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS), which existed only for a short time before changing to its current name, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
Salman Natour

**Salman Natour ** (July 3, 1949 – February 15, 2016) was an Israeli Druze writer and novelist. He was a citizen of Israel. Natour published many books and plays. He wrote in both Hebrew and Arabic. He was mainly known for his work _Granta_.

He was born in Daliyat al-Karmel south of Haifa in 1949. He graduated from high school in his hometown, and then went on to university in Jerusalem and later in Haifa. He died on the morning of February 15, 2016 after a severe heart attack.
William O'Brien (Royal Navy officer)

Admiral Sir **William Donough O'Brien** (13 November 1916 – 19 February 2016) was a British military leader. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Western Fleet. He was then appointed Naval Secretary in 1964. He was appointed Flag Officer Aircraft Carriers in 1966, Commander-in-Chief of the Far East Fleet in 1967 and Commander-in-Chief of the Western Fleet in 1970. He retired in 1971.

O'Brien died on 19 February 2016 from complications of pneumonia. He had also been suffering from Alzheimer's disease. He was 99.
Rajesh Pillai

**Rajesh Raman Pillai** (10 July 1974 – 27 February 2016) was an Indian movie director. He was best known for his work in Malayalam cinema. He was known for his movie _Traffic_ (2011).

Pillai died on 27 February 2016 at a hospital in Kochi, India. He had liver disease. He was aged 41.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rajesh Pillai
- **image**: Rajesh Pillai.jpg
- **caption**: Pillai in 2012
- **birth place**: Haripad, Kerala, India
- **death place**: Kochi, India
- **occupation**: Film director
- **years active**: 2005–2016
- **spouse**: Mekha Rajesh
Frank Kelly

**Frank Kelly** (né **Francis O'Kelly**; 28 December 1938 – 28 February 2016) was an Irish actor, singer and writer. He worked in television, radio, theatre, music, screenwriting and movies. He played Father Jack Hackett in the Channel Four sitcom _Father Ted_. He also played Dermont in _Emmerdale_.

Kelly died on 28 February 2016 from a heart attack. The heart attack was a complication of Parkinson's disease. He was 77. He was recovering from bowel cancer and survived skin cancer.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frank Kelly
- **birthname**: Francis O'Kelly
- **birth place**: Dublin, Ireland
- **parents**: Charles E. Kelly (cartoonist), Charles E. Kelly (father)
- **spouse**: (his death)
- **children**: 7
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1968–2016
- **notable works**: _Father Ted_ <small>(1995–1998)</small>
Everest Base Camp

**Everest Base Camp** is a campsite at the bottom of Mount Everest. There are two of them, located on opposite sides of the mountain. They are used as bases by mountain climbers. The climbers usually rest at base camp for several days to acclimatise. This lowers the risks and severity of altitude sickness. Climbing starts from one of these two camps.
- South Base Camp is in Nepal at an altitude of  (). It is used when climbing via the southeast ridge. 50,000 people visit Everest South Base Camp from Lukla each year.  The South Base Camp has the clearance area of 900m2 for camps by Everest climbers, small area for Helicopter landing, and a sparkling large signboard installed in 2024.
- North Base Camp is in Tibet at   (). It is used when climbing via the northeast ridge. The North Base Camp in the Tibetain Side is acessable by road network of about 120kms, with the last town before the base camp being Rombuk.

Food and equipment are brought to the South Base Camp by Sherpas or porters, with the help of animals like yaks. The North Base Camp has a track that vehicles can access, but usually only during summer.
Lochner v. New York

***Lochner v. New York***, (1905), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The Court ruled a New York State law that set the maximum numbers of hours bakers could work per week was unconstitutional. The Court held that the right of a person to make a contract as a part of his or her business is a liberty protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. With few exceptions this included the right to buy and sell labor. The decision was controversial and it made the Supreme Court an adversary to legislatures for over 30 years. Repeatedly, the Court struck down laws that regulated labor saying they violated the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This was called the "Lochner Era"; so-named for this decision.

## Background

A statute was enacted by the State of New York which limited the number of hours bakers could work to 10 hours a day or 60 hours a week. The law was a part of the Bakershop Act passed in 1895. The Journeymen Bakers’ Union wanted to limit the number of hours a day union bakers could work. Bakers were then typically paid by the day. The work had a number of health and safety risks due to dust, fumes, the heat of the ovens, etc. The lobbying was successful and in May 1895 the Governor of New York signed the bill into law.

Joseph Lochner, a baker in Utica, New York, found the law made it hard to operate his business. He and his bakers often had to work more than 60 hours a week. Lochner was charged with violating the state law. He filed the appeal because he felt the law was unconstitutional because it violated his Civil liberties of "Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness". The case went before the Supreme Court on February 23rd and was decided on April 17, 1905. The is considered one of the most groundbreaking cases in United States history.

## Other websites

- Lochner v. New York - Significance
At sign

The **at sign** (**@**) is a logogram. It is used in bills, emails and programming.

## Bills

In bills, it means "at a rate of". For example, 7 widgets @ £2 equals £14.

## Emails

In email, it shows a specific domain of an email address.

## Programming

In programming, the at sign has been used in several programming languages. Using the at sign in programming was invented by Ray Tomlinson. It is the ligature form of the Latin word "ad", which means "at". The sign is one of several special symbols on the standard English keyboard.
Humboldt Current

The **Humboldt Current** is a cold, low-salinity surface ocean current in the eastern South Pacific. It flows north along the west coast of South America from the southern tip of Chile to northern Peru. Also called the **Peru Current**, it flows in the direction of the equator. It extends 1,000 kilometers offshore.

The Humboldt Current is a large marine ecosystem, named after the Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt. It is one of the major nutrient systems of the world, bringing nutrients up into the surface waters of the ocean. This supports an extraordinary abundance of marine life.  Upwelling occurs off Peru year-round but off Chile only during the spring and summer. This is  because the subtropical center of high pressure is displaced during the summer.

About 18-20% of the world’s fish catch comes from the Humboldt Current. The species are mostly pelagic: sardines, anchovies and jack mackerel. This high productivity supports other important fishery resources as well as marine mammals (eared seals and cetaceans) and seabirds. The cold, nutrient-rich water upwelling to the surface drives the system’s extraordinary productivity.

The Humboldt Current is part of a much larger system, the South Pacific Ocean Gyre.
2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A - Results of first round

This is the **Results of the first round of 2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A**.

### 3rd round

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### 13th round

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2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A - Results of second round

This is the **Results of the second round of 2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A**.

### 38th round

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Deaths in March 2016

The following is a list of **notable deaths in March 2016**. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Months".  Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.

- Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, nationality, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and most importantly a source.
__TOC__
Donald E. Williams

Captain **Donald Edward "Don" Williams** (February 13, 1942 – February 23, 2016) was an American naval officer and aviator, test pilot, mechanical engineer and NASA astronaut. He has a recorded total of 287 hours and 35 minutes in space. He was born in Lafayette, Indiana.

Williams died on February 23, 2016 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida from complications of a stroke. He was 74 years old.

## Other websites

- NASA: Astronaut Biography
Louise Rennison

**Louise Rennison** (11 October 1951 – 29 February 2016) was an English author. She wrote the _Confessions of Georgia Nicolson_, which was a series for teenage girls. This series records the life of a teenage girl, Georgia Nicolson, and her best friends, the Ace Gang.

Rennison was born in Leeds. She grew up on a council estate in Seacroft. She lived in New Zealand for part of her teens. During that time she had daughter, whom she gave up for adoption.

Her first and second novels, _Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging_ and _It's OK, I'm Wearing Really Big Knickers_  were made into a movie called _Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging_. She also wrote a series of books about Georgia's younger cousin, _The Misadventures of Tallulah Casey_.

Rennison was never married. She died on 29 February 2016.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Louise Rennison
- **birth date**: 11 October 1951
- **birth place**: Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire, England
- **death date**: 29 February 2016 (aged 64)
- **nationality**: British
- **notableworks**: _#Confessions of Georgia Nicolson, Confessions of Georgia Nicolson
#The Misadventures of Tallulah Casey, The Misadventures of Tallulah Casey_
Vorkuta mine disaster

The **Vorkuta mine disaster** was a series of explosions that happened in a mine in Vorkuta, Komi Republic, Russia. It killed 36 people on 25 February 2016.
Adriana Benetti

**Adriana Benetti** (12 December 1919 – 24 February 2016) was an Italian actress. She was known for her roles in _Quattro passi fra le nuvole_, _C'è sempre un ma!_, _Uno tra la folla_ and _Avanti c'è posto..._. She was born in Ferrara, Italy.

Benetti died in Rome on 24 February 2016 from complications of pneumonia. She was 96 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Adriana Benetti
- **image**: Adriana Benetti.jpg
- **birth place**: Ferrara, Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1941–1957
Alan Grayson

**Alan Mark Grayson** (born March 13, 1958) is an American politician. He was the United States Representative for  from 2013 to 2017. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

He last served as Representative for  from 2009 to 2011. He was defeated for re-election in 2010 by Republican Daniel Webster. He was then elected in 2012 for another term in the House of Representatives, defeating Republican Todd Long.

In 2014 he defeated Republican challenger Carol Platt to win re-election.

On July 9, 2015, Grayson announced his intentions to run in the United States Senate election in Florida, 2016 to replace Marco Rubio. In 2016, Grayson said he supported Bernie Sanders to be the Democratic nominee for President of the United States.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alan Grayson
- **image**: Alan Grayson Updated Headshot.jpg
- **state**: Florida
- **term start**: January 3, 2013
- **term end**: January 3, 2017
- **predecessor**: Gus Bilirakis
- **successor**: Darren Soto
- **state1**: Florida
- **term start1**: January 3, 2009
- **term end1**: January 3, 2011
- **predecessor1**: Ric Keller
- **successor1**: Daniel Webster (Florida politician), Daniel Webster
- **birth name**: Alan Mark Grayson
- **birth place**: The Bronx, New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **alma mater**: Harvard University
- **spouse**: Lolita Grayson (married ~1990 annulled 2015)
- **children**: 5
- **website**: [http://grayson.house.gov House website]
Writing's on the Wall (Sam Smith song)

"**Writing's on the Wall**" is a song by British singer Sam Smith. It was the theme song for the _James Bond_ movie _Spectre_ in 2015. The song was released as a digital download on 25 September 2015. The song was written by Smith and Jimmy Napes, and produced by Napes, Steve Fitzmaurice and Disclosure. It was released on 25 September 2015.

"Writing's on the Wall" received mixed reviews, especially when compared to other Bond theme songs. The mixed reception to the song led to Shirley Bassey being a popular topic on Twitter on the day it was released.

The single became the first Bond movie theme to reach number 1 in the UK Singles Chart. It also reached the Top 10 in a few other European countries. Unlike other James Bond themes, it was not as successful outside Europe. It only peaked at Number 43 in Canada and Australia and Number 71 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100. Only the instrumental version of the song appeared on the movie's official soundtrack album.

The song won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 88th Academy Awards.

## Infobox (single)

- **name**: Writing's on the Wall
- **artist**: Sam Smith (singer), Sam Smith
- **released**: 25 September 2015
- **recorded**: 2015:
RAK Studios
Abbey Road Studios
The Pierce Rooms
- **genre**: Orchestral pop
- **label**: Capitol Records, Capitol
- **chronology**: Sam Smith (singer), Sam Smith
- **prev title**: Omen (Disclosure song), Omen
- **prev year**: 2015
Betsy Jochum

**Betsy Jochum** "**Sockum**" (February 8, 1921 – May 31, 2025) was an American baseball player. She played as an outfielder and pitcher. She played from 1943 to 1948 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She was listed at , . She batted and threw right-handed. Jochum played for the South Bend Blue Sox during her whole career.

Jochum was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. She was raised in South Bend, Indiana.

Jochum turned 100 years old in February 2021. She died in South Bend on May 31, 2025, at the age of 104.

## Infobox (baseball biography)

- **team**: All American Girls Professional Baseball League
- **name**: Betsy Jochum
- **image**: Betsy Jochum Headshot.jpg
- **image size**: 175px
- **caption**: Jochum in the 1946 South Bend Blue Sox Yearbook
- **position**: Outfielder / Pitcher / First base
- **birth place**: Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
- **death place**: South Bend, Indiana, U.S.
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **teams**: *South Bend Blue Sox –
- **highlights**: *All-Star Game (1940)

*Three playoff appearances (1946-'48)

*Batting crown champion (1944)

*Single-season leader in:
 Hits (baseball), Hits and Doubles (baseball, Doubles (1943)
 Hits and Single (baseball), Singles (1944)

*Tied a league record for the most Stolen base, stolen bases in a single game
(seven, on August 2, 1944)

*Ohio Baseball of Fame Induction (1999)
Repeating decimal

A **repeating decimal** or **recurring decimal** is a rational number that repeats a pattern of numbers forever. For example, the fraction 1/15 is 0.066666666... with sixes repeating forever. You can also write these numbers by putting a line over the pattern; 1/15 is 0.0.

Repeating patterns can have more than one digit. For example, 1/11 is 0., a 2-digit pattern. A more complicated example is 10/53, which is 0., a 13-digit pattern.

We use the decimal or base ten system for writing numbers. This affects what fractions are repeating decimals. Specifically, dividing by a number that **is not** a power of a factor of ten makes a repeating decimal. For example, 1/8 is 0.125 with no repeating pattern, because 8 is  and 2 is a factor of 10. 1/7 is 0. with the repeating pattern "142857", because 7 is not a factor of 10.

All rational numbers either end, or repeat a pattern forever. We can use this fact to prove a number is rational or irrational. For example, imagine a number that is written as 0.123456789101112131415... and so on, with every whole number appearing once. This number will not end, because there are infinite whole numbers, but it also will not repeat a pattern, because every whole number is unique. Therefore, this number is irrational.

## Related pages

- 0.999...
- Rational number
Azerbaijani wine

**Azerbaijani wines** are wines made in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is one of the oldest wine-making regions in the world. Azerbaijani wine is made in several areas throughout Azerbaijan.

Azerbaijan has a successful wine industry that dates back to the 2nd millennium BC. Azerbaijan's long history of wine-making was rediscovered at archaeological digs of settlements in Kültəpə, Qarabağlar and Galajig. Archaeologists discovered stone fermentation and storage containers that included remnants and grape seeds dating back to the 2nd millennium BC. The Ancient Greeks were well aware of wine production in the area by at least the 7th century BC according to Herodotus. Later Strabo would comment in the 1st century BC about an Azerbaijani wine known as _Albania_. Arabic historians and geographers described the extensive viticulture around Ganja and Barda that was taking place even after Islamic conquest of the area.

Since the end of the Soviet Union and the independence of Azerbaijan, many attempts have been made to revive and modernize the Azerbaijani wine industry. Today vineyards are found in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains and the Kur-Araz lowlands near the Kura River. In the 21st century, Ganja, Nagorno-Karabakh and Nakhchivan have emerged as centers of wine production in the region.

## Related pages

- Azerbaijani cuisine

## Other websites

- History of Vine growing and wine making
- Wine and Wagons. Helenendorf: Azerbaijan's First German Settlement, on German wine-growing community of Azerbaijan, by _Azerbaijan International_
Urinogenital

**Urinogenital** is a term for the common urinal and sex passage (opening) in mammals. In females it is called the vagina, and in males it is called the penis. Mammals have a sepate opening for waste (defaecation) called the anus.

The term contrasts with that of reptiles and birds, which have one common opening for sex, urine and defaecation. This is called the cloaca.
Economic system

An **economic system** is a man-made and malleable system to regulate the production, resource allocation, exchange, and distribution of goods and services in a society or a geographic area.

Trade, money, markets, banks, laws and regulations are all part of an economic system. Examples of economic systems include:

- Market economy, where prices are decided by supply and demand.
- Socialism \communism, any of the economic ideologies in which the national government owns and manages all or most of the means of production. Most famous is Marxist-Leninism.
- Corporatism, where big box corporations hold great influence over the country's economic policies, usually through lobbying.
- Laissez-Faire capitalism - Capitalism with very little, if any, state intervention. Also called free market.
- barter - economic system common in tribal societies.
Chisholm v. Georgia

***Chisholm v. Georgia***, , is considered the first great decision by the United States Supreme Court. Given its early date, there was little available legal precedent in American law.  It was almost immediately superseded by the Eleventh Amendment.

## Background

In 1777, needed supplies for the Revolutionary War were purchased from a South Carolina businessman by the Executive Council of Georgia. The supplies were delivered but Georgia never paid as they had promised. After the businessman's death, Alexander Chisholm, the executor of his estate, took the case to court trying to collect from the state of Georgia. Georgia maintained it was not under the jurisdiction of the federal courts.

United States Attorney General Edmund Randolph  argued the case for the plaintiff before the court. The defendant, Georgia, refused to appear, claiming that, as a sovereign state, it could not be sued without granting its consent to the suit.

## The decision

In a four to one decision, the court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, with Chief Justice John Jay and associate justices John Blair, James Wilson, and William Cushing constituting the majority. Only Justice Iredell dissented. The court ruled that Article 3, Section 2, of the Constitution did not allow the states' sovereign immunity. In short, the Court ruled that Georgia was subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court. It granted federal courts the power to hear disputes between private citizens and states.

## Effects

The resulting public sentiment in favor of states' rights led directly to the passage of the Eleventh Amendment in 1795.  In _Hollingsworth v. Virginia_ (1798), the court ruled that pending court actions from _Chisholm_ were dismissed due to passage of the Eleventh Amendment. This removed federal jurisdiction in cases where citizens of one state or of foreign countries attempt to sue another state.

## Supreme Court decisions overturned by Constitutional Amendments

_Chisholm_ is one of only four decisions by the Supreme Court that were overturned by an amendment to the United States Constitution. The other three are:
- _Dred Scott v. Sandford_, which was overturned by passage of the Fourteenth Amendment.
- _Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co._, which was overturned by passage of the Sixteenth Amendment.
- _Oregon v. Mitchell, which was reversed by the Twenty-sixth Amendment.

Arguably, one more case could be added:
- _Minor v. Happersett_, which was indirectly overturned by the Nineteenth Amendment. In 1875, Virginia Minor, in trying to gain the right to vote for women, argued the Fourteenth Amendment gave _citizens_ the right to vote. The Court said it did not. The passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, 45 years later, gave women the right to vote. However, _Minor v. Happersett'' was still cited as case law into the 1960s in other right to vote issues.
Avezzano

**Avezzano** is a city in central of Italy located in the Province of L'Aquila, Abruzzo Region. About 42,000 people live in Avezzano.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Avezzano
- **official name**: Città di Avezzano
- **image skyline**: Avezzano view 2.jpg
- **image caption**: View of Avezzano from mount Salviano
- **image shield**: Coat of arms of Avezzano.svg
- **province**: (AQ)
- **frazioni**: Antrosano, Castelnuovo, Avezzano, Castelnuovo, Cese dei Marsi, Paterno, San Pelino (Avezzano), San Pelino, San Giuseppe di Caruscino, Borgo Incile, Borgo Via Nuova
- **mayor**: Gabriele De Angelis
- **mayor party**: Centre-right in Italy, Centre-right
- **elevation m**: 695
- **area total km2**: 104.04
- **population as of**: 2018
- **population total**: 42,521
- **population demonym**: Avezzanesi
- **saint**: Bartholomew the Apostle and Madonna di Pietraquaria
- **day**: 24 August and 27 April
- **postal code**: 67051
- **area code**: 0863