juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup

The **2015 FIFA Women's World Cup** was the seventh FIFA Women's World Cup, hosted by Canada. The tournament began on 6 June and ended on 5 July. In a rematch of the 2011 final, the defending champions Japan met the United States. The USA scored four goals in the first 16 minutes, with three by Carli Lloyd, on their way to a 5–2 win and their third Women's World Cup title.

## Infobox (international football competition)

- **tourney name**: FIFA Women's World Cup
- **other titles**: Coupe du monde féminine de la FIFA 2015
- **year**: 2015
- **image**: Celebrating with the Cup (19619676440).jpg
- **caption**: United States celebrating with the Cup
- **country**: Canada
- **num teams**: 24
- **confederations**: 6
- **venues**: 6
- **cities**: 6
- **count**: 3
- **matches**: 52
- **goals**: 146
- **top scorer**: Carli Lloyd
 Célia Šašić

- **player**: Carli Lloyd
- **goalkeeper**: Hope Solo
- **young player**: Kadeisha Buchanan
- **prevseason**: 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, 2011
- **nextseason**: 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, _2019_
Anja Mittag

**Anja Mittag** (born in Karl-Marx-Stadt, East Germany on 16 May 1985) is a German association football player who currently plays for Paris Saint-Germain Féminines and the Germany women's national football team. She has won the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup, UEFA Women's Euro 2009 and the UEFA Women's Euro 2013. She was also Sweden's Player of the Year in 2012 and 2014 while she played in the Damallsvenskan.
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group B

The **2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Group B** is a group in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup that includes Germany, Norway, Thailand and the Ivory Coast.

## Table

|width=175|Team|width=20 abbr="Played"|Pld|width=20 abbr="Won"|W|width=20 abbr="Drawn"|D|width=20 abbr="Lost"|L|width=20 abbr="Goals for"|GF|width=20 abbr="Goals against"|GA|width=20 abbr="Goal difference"|GD|width=20 abbr="Points"|Pts|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left|Germany|3|2|1|0|15|1|+14|**7**|||||||||
|align=left|Norway|3|2|1|0|8|2|+6|**7**|||||||||
|align=left|Thailand|3|1|0|2|3|10|–7|**3**|||||||||
|align=left|Ivory Coast|3|0|0|3|3|16|–13|**0**|||||||||

### Top scorers

**4 goals**

- Anja Mittag

**3 goals**

- Célia Šašić
- Ada Hegerberg

**2 goals**

- Lena Petermann
- Sara Däbritz
- Ange N'Guessan
- Isabell Herlovsen
- Orathai Srimanee

**1 goal**

- Melanie Behringer
- Simone Laudehr
- Alexandra Popp
- Melanie Leupolz
- Josée Nahi
- Solveig Gulbrandsen
- Maren Mjelde
- Trine Rønning
- Thanatta Chawong
FCR 2001 Duisburg

**FCR 2001 Duisburg** (officially known as **Fußballclub Rumeln 2001 Duisburg**) was a German women's association football club that was dissolved in 2013 because of a financial crisis. After the club disbanded, it merged with MSV Duisburg.

## Notable players

Some notable players who played for the club include Alexandra Popp, Ashlyn Harris, Sara Däbritz, Simone Laudehr, Lieke Martens and Annike Krahn.

## Honours

- Bundesliga **1**: 2000
- DFB-Pokal **3**: 1998, 2009, 2010
- UEFA Cup **1**: 2009
Lakmé

***Lakmé*** is a French opera in three acts by Léo Delibes, first performed at the Opéra-Comique in Paris, on April 14, 1883, libretto by Edmond Gondinet and Philippe Gille, after Pierre Loti Rarahu's _Le mariage de Loti_. An immediate success, it has remained one of the most popular of French operas.

## Principal roles and voice types

- Lakmé - soprano
- Gérald - tenor
- Mallika - mezzo-soprano
- Nilakantha - bass

## Discography

- 1940: Lily Pons (Lakmé), Armand Tokatyan (Gérald), Ira Petina (Mallika), Ezio Pinza (Nilakantha); New York Metropolitan Opera Chorus and Orchestra, Wilfrid Pelletier - (The Golden Age; live)
- 1952: Mado Robin (Lakmé), Libero de Luca (Gérald), Agnés Disney (Mallika), Jean Borthayre (Nilakantha); Chœurs et Orchestre du Théâtre National de l'Opéra-Comique, Georges Sébastian - (Decca)
- 1967: Joan Sutherland (Lakmé), Alain Vanzo (Gérald), Jane Berbié (Mallika), Gabriel Bacquier (Nilakantha); Chœurs et Orchestre National de l'Opéra de Monte Carlo, Richard Bonynge - (Decca)
- 1970: Mady Mesplé (Lakmé), Charles Burles (Gérald), Danielle Millet (Mallika), Roger Soyer (Nilakantha); Chœurs et Orchestre du Théâtre National de l'Opéra-Comique, Alain Lombard - (EMI
- 1998: Natalie Dessay (Lakmé), Gregory Kunde (Gérald), Delphine Haidan (Mallika), José van Dam (Nilakantha); Chœur et Orchestre du Capitole de Toulouse, Michel Plasson - (EMI Classics)

## Sources

- _The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta_, James Anderson, Vikings Books, 1989
Vasili Zhupikov

**Vasili Mikhailovich Zhupikov** () (16 January 1954 – 7 June 2015) was a Soviet football player and a Russian coach.

Zhupikov made his debut for USSR on September 7, 1977 in a game against Poland. He played in the UEFA Euro 1980 qualifiers (USSR did not qualify for the final tournament).

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Vasili Zhupikov
- **fullname**: Vasili Mikhailovich Zhupikov
- **birth place**: Astrakhan, Russian SFSR
- **position**: Defender (football), Defender
- **youthclubs1**: Lokomotiv Astrakhan
- **youthclubs2**: Smena Astrakhan
- **years1**: 1972-1974
- **years2**: 1975-1976
- **years3**: 1977-1985
- **years4**: 1986
- **years5**: 1987-1988
- **years6**: 1989
- **years7**: 1989-1993
- **years8**: 1993
- **clubs1**: FC Volgar-Gazprom Astrakhan, Volgar Astrakhan
- **clubs2**: FC Krylia Sovetov Samara, Krylia Sovetov Kuibyshev
- **clubs3**: FC Torpedo Moscow
- **clubs4**: FC Dynamo Moscow
- **clubs5**: SK Tallinna Sport
- **clubs6**: FC Lada Togliatti
- **clubs7**: FC Krylia Sovetov Samara
- **clubs8**: FC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk
- **caps2**: 63
- **caps3**: 256
- **caps4**: 6
- **caps5**: 66
- **caps6**: 36
- **caps7**: 110
- **caps8**: 21
- **goals2**: 1
- **goals3**: 3
- **goals4**: 0
- **goals5**: 10
- **goals6**: 3
- **goals7**: 2
- **goals8**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1977-1979
- **nationalyears2**: 1984
- **nationalteam1**: USSR national football team, USSR
- **nationalcaps1**: 15
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1993-1997
- **manageryears2**: 1997-2001
- **manageryears3**: 2001-2002
- **manageryears4**: 2002-2005
- **manageryears5**: 2006-2015
- **managerclubs1**: FC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk (assistant)
- **managerclubs2**: FC Lokomotiv Nizhny Novgorod (assistant)
- **managerclubs3**: FC Torpedo-ZIL (youth teams)
- **managerclubs4**: FC Volgar-Gazprom Astrakhan (assistant)
- **managerclubs5**: FC Moscow (youth teams)
Khieu Samphan

**Khieu Samphan** (; born July 27, 1931) is a former Cambodian communist politician. He was the president of the state of Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) from 1976 until 1979.

## Overview

He was one of the most powerful officials in the Khmer Rouge movement, although Pol Pot remained the General Secretary (highest official) in the party. Samphan is the second oldest living former Khmer Rouge leader, alongside Nuon Chea. On August 7, 2014, they were convicted and received life sentences for crimes against humanity during the Cambodian Genocide.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Khieu Samphan 2014.jpg
- **name**: Khieu Samphan
- **order**: List of heads of state of Cambodia, President of the State Presidium of Democratic Kampuchea
- **leader**: Pol Pot
- **term start**: April 11, 1976
- **term end**: January 7, 1979
- **predecessor**: Norodom Sihanouk
- **successor**: Post abolished
- **order2**: Prime Minister of Cambodia, Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea
<small>Acting</small>
- **president2**: Norodom Sihanouk
_himself_
- **term start2**: April 4, 1976
- **term end2**: April 14, 1976
- **predecessor2**: Penn Nouth
- **successor2**: Pol Pot
- **birth place**: Svay Rieng Province, Svay Rieng, French Indochina
- **spouse**: So Socheat
- **party**: Communist Party of Kampuchea, Communist Party
- **otherparty**: Sangkum (1958-1967)
Chea Sim

**Chea Sim** (; 15 November 19328 June 2015) was a Cambodian politician. He was the President of the National Assembly of Cambodia from 1981 to 1998 (Vice President from June to October 1993) and President of the Senate from 1999 until his death.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Samdech Chea Sim
- **honorific-suffix**: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun, GCRS Grand Order of National Merit (Cambodia), NM
- **office**: List of Presidents of the Senate of Cambodia, President of the Senate of Cambodia
- **primeminister**: Hun Sen
- **vicepresident**: Say Chhum
Tep Ngorn
- **term start**: 25 March 1999
- **term end**: 8 June 2015
- **predecessor**: Saukam Khoy
- **office2**: Ministry of Interior (Cambodia), Minister for the Interior
- **primeminister2**: Pen Sovan
- **term start2**: 7 January 1979
- **term end2**: 27 June 1981
- **office4**: 2nd List of Presidents of the National Assembly of Cambodia, President of the National Assembly
- **primeminister4**: Norodom Ranariddh
Ung Huot
Hun Sen
- **term start4**: October 1993
- **term end4**: 1998
- **predecessor4**: Son Sann
- **successor4**: Norodom Ranariddh
- **office5**: President of the National Assembly of Cambodia, President of the National Assembly of the People's Republic of Kampuchea
- **primeminister5**: Pen Sovan
Chan Sy
Hun Sen
- **term start5**: 27 June 1981
- **term end5**: June 1993
- **predecessor5**: _None_
- **successor5**: _Office abolished_
- **office1**: President of the Cambodian People's Party
- **deputy1**: Hun Sen
- **term start1**: 17 October 1991
- **term end1**: 8 June 2015
- **predecessor1**: Heng Samrin, _as General Secretary of the KPRP_
- **successor1**: Hun Sen
- **office6**: Council of State, Chairman of the Council of State
- **term start6**: 6 April 1992
- **term end6**: 14 June 1993
- **predecessor6**: Heng Samrin
- **successor6**: Norodom Sihanouk
- **birth place**: Romeas Haek District, Romeas Haek, Svay Rieng Province, Svay Rieng, French Indochina
- **death place**: Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- **party**: Cambodian People's Party
- **spouse**: Nhem Soeun
The Crazy Ones

***The Crazy Ones*** is an American sitcom created by David E. Kelley. It starred Robin Williams and Sarah Michelle Gellar. The single-camera series aired on CBS on September 26, 2013.

It was based in Chicago, Illinois. It was about Simon Roberts (Williams) who is an advertising executive and his daughter, Sydney Roberts (Gellar) also an executive working together. It was cancelled on April 17, 2014.
Neverland Ranch

**Neverland Ranch** is a property in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. In 1987, Michael Jackson purchased it for an estimated $19.5 million USD. He lost the property by 2007. The  ranch is currently for sale for $100 million.

The property has been renamed **Sycamore Valley Ranch**. The Victorian-style mansion and the train station with the floral clock are still there. The amusement park has been removed. Also the zoo animals have been relocated. The private fire department on the ranch is no longer staffed with firemen. The property is being sold by the real estate investment company, Colony Capital.
Human–computer interaction

**Human-computer interaction** (often shortened to **HCI**) is a field of computer science that looks at the ways in which a human uses a computer and interacts with it. The focus in human-computer interaction is in the design of interactive systems, and in the user interface<nowiki/>s by which the human interacts.
Air Seychelles

**Air Seychelles** is the national airline of Seychelles. It started in 1978. In 1983, it began international flights to Frankfurt and London. Its head office is at Seychelles International Airport on the island of Mahé. As of 2015, Air Seychelles flies to 10 cities and has 10 airplanes.
Sedition

***Sedition*** is a term from law, which is used for people who act  and speak openly against the government and those in power, to cause an uprising or a rebellion. In many countries, such behaviour is a criminal offence.
Linda Sembrant

**Linda Sembrant** (born on 15 May 1987 in Uppsala, Sweden) is a Swedish association football defender who currently plays for Montpellier HSC and the Sweden women's national football team. She has played for Sweden in the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.
Gaëlle Enganamouit

**Gaëlle Deborah Enganamouit** (born on 9 June 1992 in Yaoundé, Cameroon) is a Cameroonian association football midfielder and forward who currently plays for Eskilstuna United DFF and the Cameroon women's national football team. She has also played for Lorema Yaoundé and ŽFK Spartak Subotica. She can play a variety of positions, but normally she plays as a midfielder or forward.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Gaëlle Enganamouit
- **fullname**: Gaëlle Deborah Enganamouit
- **image**: Gaëlle Enganamouit FIFA Women's World Cup 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Enganamouit playing for Cameroon at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup
- **birth place**: Yaoundé, Cameroon
- **currentclub**: Málaga CF Femenino, Málaga
- **clubnumber**: 25
- **height**: 171cm
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **years1**: 2009–2012
- **years2**: 2012–2013
- **years3**: 2014–2015
- **years4**: 2016
- **years5**: 2017–2018
- **years6**: 2018
- **years7**: 2019–2020
- **clubs1**: Lorema Yaoundé FC, Lorema Yaoundé
- **clubs2**: ŽFK Spartak Subotica, Spartak Subotica
- **clubs3**: Eskilstuna United DFF
- **clubs4**: FC Rosengård
- **clubs5**: Dalian Quanjian F.C.
- **clubs6**: Avaldsnes IL, Avaldsnes
- **clubs7**: Málaga CF Femenino, Málaga
- **caps3**: 41
- **goals3**: 24
- **caps4**: 4
- **goals4**: 1
- **caps5**: 0
- **goals5**: 0
- **caps6**: 15
- **goals6**: 4
- **caps7**: 2
- **goals7**: 0
- **nationalteam1**: Cameroon women's national football team, Cameroon
- **nationalyears1**: 2010–2020
- **nationalcaps1**: 43
- **nationalgoals1**: 5
- **pcupdate**: 5 May 2019
- **ntupdate**: 17:02, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
Madeleine Ngono Mani

**Madeleine Michèle Ngono Mani Epse Ongueme** (born 16 October 1983), known as **Madeleine Ngono Mani**, is a Cameroonian football striker currently playing for Albi Croix in the French second tier. She is a member of the Cameroonian national team, with which she has played the 2012 Summer Olympics, the African Women's Championship, and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Madeleine Ngono Mani
- **fullname**: Madeleine Michèle Ngono Mani Epse Ongueme
- **image**: Ngono Mani.jpg
- **birth place**: Mvaa, Cameroon
- **currentclub**: Albi Croix
- **position**: Forward (soccer), Forward
- **years1**: 2003–2009
- **years2**: 2009–2011
- **years3**: 2011
- **years4**: 2011–2013
- **years5**: 2013–2015
- **years6**: 2015–2016
- **years7**: 2016–2017
- **years8**: 2017–2018
- **years9**: 2018–
- **clubs1**: AS Saint-Étienne (Ladies), Saint-Étienne
- **clubs2**: ASJ Soyaux, Soyaux
- **clubs3**: FCF Monteux
- **clubs4**: En Avant de Guingamp (Ladies), En Avant Guingamp
- **clubs5**: Claix Football Féminin, Claix
- **clubs6**: FC Minsk (women), FC Minsk
- **clubs7**: FC Aurillac Arpajon Cantal Auvergne (women), Aurillac Arpajon
- **clubs8**: Croix Savoie Ambilly Féminin, Ambilly
- **clubs9**: ASPTT Albi, Albi Croix
- **caps1**: 54
- **caps2**: 28
- **caps3**: 4
- **caps4**: 16
- **goals1**: 24
- **goals2**: 12
- **goals3**: 0
- **goals4**: 9
- **nationalteam1**: Cameroon women's national football team, Cameroon
- **nationalyears1**: 2002–
- **nationalcaps1**: 109
- **nationalgoals1**: 49
- **ntupdate**: 23 June 2019 (UTC)
Frauen-Bundesliga

The **Frauen-Bundesliga** () is the main women's football league competition in Germany. It is the women's equivalent of the Bundesliga.

The league was formed in 1990, and the most successful team has been 1. FFC Frankfurt, while the current champions are Bayern Munich.

## 2023–24 clubs

|Team|Home city|Home ground|Capacity|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Werder Bremen|Bremen|Weserstadion Platz 11|5,500|
|FC Cologne|Cologne|Franz-Kremer-Stadion|5,457|
|MSV Duisburg|Duisburg|PCC-Stadion|3,000|
|SGS Essen|Essen|Stadion Essen|20,650|
|Eintracht Frankfurt|Frankfurt|Stadion am Brentanobad|5,650|
|SC Freiburg|Freiburg|Dreisamstadion|24,000|
|TSG Hoffenheim|Hoffenheim|Dietmar-Hopp-Stadion|6,350|
|RB Leipzig|Leipzig|Sportanlage Gontardweg|1,300|
|Bayer Leverkusen|Leverkusen|Ulrich-Haberland-Stadion|3,200|
|Bayern Munich|Munich|FC Bayern Campus|2,500|
|1. FC Nürnberg|Nuremberg|Max-Morlock-Stadion|50,000|
|VfL Wolfsburg|Wolfsburg|AOK Stadium|5,200|

## Results

|Season|Champions|Runners-up|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1990–91|TSV Siegen|FSV Frankfurt|
|1991–92|TSV Siegen|Grün-Weiß Brauweiler|
|1992–93|TuS Niederkirchen|TSV Siegen|
|1993–94|TSV Siegen|Grün-Weiß Brauweiler|
|1994–95|FSV Frankfurt|Grün-Weiß Brauweiler|
|1995–96|TSV Siegen|SG Praunheim|
|1996–97|Grün-Weiß Brauweiler|FC Rumeln-Kaldenhausen|
|1997–98|FSV Frankfurt|SG Praunheim|
|1998–99|1. FFC Frankfurt|FCR Duisburg|
|1999–00|FCR Duisburg|1. FFC Frankfurt|
|2000–01|1. FFC Frankfurt|1. FFC Turbine Potsdam|
|2001–02|1. FFC Frankfurt|1. FFC Turbine Potsdam|
|2002–03|1. FFC Frankfurt|1. FFC Turbine Potsdam|
|2003–04|1. FFC Turbine Potsdam|1. FFC Frankfurt|
|2004–05|1. FFC Frankfurt|FCR Duisburg|
|2005–06|1. FFC Turbine Potsdam|FCR Duisburg|
|2006–07|1. FFC Frankfurt|FCR Duisburg|
|2007–08|1. FFC Frankfurt|FCR Duisburg|
|2008–09|1. FFC Turbine Potsdam|FC Bayern Munich|
|2009–10|1. FFC Turbine Potsdam|FCR Duisburg|
|2010–11|1. FFC Turbine Potsdam|1. FFC Frankfurt|
|2011–12|1. FFC Turbine Potsdam|VfL Wolfsburg|
|2012–13|VfL Wolfsburg|1. FFC Turbine Potsdam|
|2013–14|VfL Wolfsburg|1. FFC Frankfurt|
|2014–15|FC Bayern Munich|VfL Wolfsburg|
|2015–16|FC Bayern Munich|VfL Wolfsburg|
|2016–17|VfL Wolfsburg|FC Bayern Munich|
|2017–18|VfL Wolfsburg|FC Bayern Munich|
|2018–19|VfL Wolfsburg|FC Bayern Munich|
|2019–20|VfL Wolfsburg|FC Bayern Munich|
|2020–21|FC Bayern Munich|VfL Wolfsburg|

## Record

|Club|Titles|Runner-up|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1. FFC Frankfurt|7|6|
|1. FFC Turbine Potsdam|6|4|
|VfL Wolfsburg|6|3|
|TSV Siegen|4|1|
|FC Bayern Munich|3|5|
|FSV Frankfurt|2|1|
|FCR Duisburg|1|7|
|Grün-Weiß Brauweiler|1|3|
|TuS Niederkirchen|1|0|

## Other websites

- DFB.de Official Website

## Infobox (football league)

- **leaguename**: Frauen-Bundesliga
- **country**: Germany
- **confed**: UEFA
- **founded**: 1990
- **level**: 1
- **teams**: 12
- **relegation**: 2. Bundesliga (women), 2. Bundesliga
- **domestic cup**: DFB-Pokal (women), DFB-Pokal
- **international cup**: UEFA Women's Champions League, Champions League
- **champions**: FC Bayern Munich (women), Bayern Munich
- **season**: 2020–21
- **most successful club**: 1. FFC Frankfurt (7 titles)
- **current**: 2023–24 Frauen-Bundesliga
2014–15 Bundesliga (women)

The **2014–15 Frauen Bundesliga** was the 25th season of the Frauen Bundesliga in Germany. It took place from 30 August 2014 to 10 May 2015. Bayern Munich won their first Bundesliga title.

## League table

|width="20"||width="170"|Team|width="30"||width="30"||width="30"||width="30"||width="30"||width="30"||width="30"||width="30"||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left align=center|1|Bayern Munich|22|17|5|0|56|7|+49|**56**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|2|VfL Wolfsburg|22|17|4|1|67|4|+63|**55**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|3|1. FFC Frankfurt|22|17|2|3|74|19|+55|**53**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|4|1. FFC Turbine Potsdam|22|15|3|4|52|24|+28|**48**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|5|SGS Essen|22|8|4|10|32|36|–4|**28**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|6|TSG 1899 Hoffenheim|22|7|5|10|29|40|–11|**26**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|7|SC Freiburg|22|7|2|13|34|62|–28|**23**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|8|FF USV Jena|22|4|8|10|25|40|–15|**20**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|9|Bayer 04 Leverkusen|22|5|5|12|23|42|–19|**20**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|10|SC Sand|22|5|4|13|27|43|–16|**19**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|11|MSV Duisburg|22|3|8|11|18|49|–31|**17**||||||||||
|align=left align=center|12|Herforder SV|22|1|2|19|18|89|–71|**5**||||||||||

## Other websites

- News, Matchdetails, Teams, Transfers on weltfussball.de
- Season  on dfb.de

## Infobox (football league season)

- **competition**: Frauen-Bundesliga
- **season**: 2014–15
- **dates**: 30 August 2014 – 10 May 2015
- **winners**: FC Bayern Munich (women), Bayern Munich
1st title
- **relegated**: MSV Duisburg (women), MSV Duisburg
Herforder SV Borussia Friedenstal, Herforder SV
- **continentalcup1**: 2015–16 UEFA Women's Champions League, Champions League
- **continentalcup1 qualifiers**: FC Bayern Munich (women), Bayern Munich
VfL Wolfsburg (women), VfL Wolfsburg
1. FFC Frankfurt
- **league topscorer**: Célia Šašić (21)
- **matches**: 132
- **total goals**: 455
- **prevseason**: 2013–14 Bundesliga (women), 2013-14
- **nextseason**: 2015–16 Bundesliga (women), 2015-16
Christen Press

**Christen Annemarie Press** (born December 29, 1988 in Los Angeles, California, United States) is an American professional soccer player. She currently plays for Manchester United W.F.C. of the FA Women's Super League and the United States women's national team as a forward. Along with her football career, she has also been in several advertisements with Nike and Coppertone. Along with some of her teammates, she has also been in the popular American TV series, _The Simpsons_.
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 1

The **2015 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 1** was one of the European qualifying groups for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. In the end, Germany were group winners. The top scorer was Anja Mittag of Germany with 11 goals.

|width=175|Team|width=20 abbr="Played"|Pld|width=20 abbr="Won"|W|width=20 abbr="Drawn"|D|width=20 abbr="Lost"|L|width=20 abbr="Goals for"|GF|width=20 abbr="Goals against"|GA|width=20 abbr="Goal difference"|GD|width=20 abbr="Points"|Pts|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left|Germany|10|10|0|0|62|4|+58|**30**|||||||||
|align=left|Russia|10|7|1|2|19|18|+1|**22**|||||||||
|align=left|Republic of Ireland|10|5|2|3|13|9|+4|**17**|||||||||
|align=left|Croatia|10|2|2|6|7|20|–13|**8**|||||||||
|align=left|Slovenia|10|2|0|8|7|34|–27|**6**|||||||||
|align=left|Slovakia|10|1|1|8|6|29|–23|**4**|||||||||
Matross

A **matross** was a soldier of artillery. He was a member of an artillery (gun) crew. A matross ranked next below a gunner. The duty of a matross was to assist the gunners in loading, firing and sponging the guns. They were armed with muskets and bayonets. They marched with the store-wagons, acting as guards. In the American army a matross ranked as a private of artillery.

## History

Matrosses were first used in the British Army in 1639. Before that they were called gunner's assistants. In the German language a matrose means a sailor. The work assigned to the matross was considered sailor's work on a ship. It was an effort to give the assistant a respectable title. But their pay rate remained the same. In 1873 all matrosses were promoted to the rank of gunner. The rank of matross was no longer used.

A soldier's manual for artillery used by Americans in the Revolutionary war gave a detailed instruction for a matross. In part it said:

By the War of 1812 an ideal gun crew could be up to 15 men. Each man would have a specific task in the sequence of loading and firing the artillery piece. Often a non-commissioned officer would commanded the gun crew and aimed the gun. Like the other gun crew members, the matross had a specific place to stand as he performed his duties.
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 3

The **2015 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 3** was one of the European qualifying groups for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. In the end, Switzerland were group winners. The top scorer was Lara Dickenmann of Switzerland with 10 goals.

|width=175|Team|width=20 abbr="Played"|Pld|width=20 abbr="Won"|W|width=20 abbr="Drawn"|D|width=20 abbr="Lost"|L|width=20 abbr="Goals for"|GF|width=20 abbr="Goals against"|GA|width=20 abbr="Goal difference"|GD|width=20 abbr="Points"|Pts|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left|Switzerland|10|9|1|0|53|1|+52|**28**|||||||||
|align=left|Iceland|10|6|1|3|29|9|+20|**19**|||||||||
|align=left|Denmark|10|5|3|2|25|6|+19|**18**|||||||||
|align=left|Israel|10|4|0|6|9|27|–18|**12**|||||||||
|align=left|Serbia|10|3|1|6|16|34|–18|**10**|||||||||
|align=left|Malta|10|0|0|10|0|55|–55|**0**|||||||||
Afghanistan national football team

**Afghanistan national football team** is the national football team of Afghanistan.

## Infobox (national football team)

- **name**: Afghanistan
افغانستان
- **badge**: Flag of Afghanistan.svg
- **badge size**: 200px
- **association**: Afghanistan Football Federation, AFF
- **fifa trigramme**: AFG
- **fifa rank**: 158 (as of 15 Feb 2024)
- **fifa max**: 122
- **fifa max date**: April 2014
- **fifa min**: 204
- **fifa min date**: January 2003
- **elo max**: 83
- **elo max date**: August 1941
- **elo min**: 210
- **elo min date**: November 2010
- **sub-confederation**: Central Asian Football Association, CAFA (Central Asia)
- **confederation**: Asian Football Confederation, AFC (Asia)
- **coach**: Anoush Dastgir
- **captain**: Faysal Shayesteh
- **most caps**: Zohib Islam Amiri (47)
- **top scorer**: Balal Arezou (9)
- **home stadium**: Ghazi Stadium
- **leftarm1**: FF0000
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- **rightarm1**: FF0000
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- **socks1**: FF0000
- **leftarm2**: FFFFFF
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- **socks2**: FFFFFF
- **first game**: **Afghanistan** 0–0 Iran national football team, Iran
(Kabul, Afghanistan; 25 August 1941)
- **largest win**: 1–8 **Afghanistan**
 (New Delhi, India; 7 December 2011)
- **largest loss**: 11–0 **Afghanistan**
(Ashgabat, Turkmenistan; 19 November 2003)
Aruba national football team

**Aruba national football team** is the national football team of Aruba.

## Infobox (national football team)

- **name**: Aruba
- **association**: Aruba Football Federation, Arubaanse Voetbal Bond
- **sub-confederation**: Caribbean Football Union, CFU (Caribbean)
- **confederation**: CONCACAF
 (North America)
- **coach**: Martin Koopman
- **most caps**: Theric Ruiz (24)
- **top scorer**: Ronald Gómez (Aruban footballer), Ronald Gómez (5)
- **captain**: Raymond Baten
- **home stadium**: Trinidad Stadium
- **fifa trigramme**: ARU
- **fifa max**: 112
- **fifa max date**: November 2015
- **fifa min**: 202
- **fifa min date**: February–April 2008
- **elo max**: 50
- **elo max date**: 1924
- **elo min**: 201
- **elo min date**: September 2015
- **leftarm1**: 5AA4D3
- **body1**: FFD600
- **rightarm1**: 5AA4D3
- **shorts1**: FFD600
- **socks1**: FFD600
- **leftarm2**: FFD600
- **body2**: 5AA4D3
- **rightarm2**: FFD600
- **shorts2**: 5AA4D3
- **socks2**: 5AA4D3
- **first game**: **Aruba** 0–4 Curaçao national football team (1921–1958), Curaçao
(Aruba; 6 April 1924)
- **largest win**: 7–0
 (Oranjestad, Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba; 1 June 2014)
- **largest loss**: 11–0
 (Arima, Trinidad and Tobago; 23 April 1989)
Bahamas national football team

**Bahamas national football team** is the national football team of Bahamas.

## Infobox (national football team)

- **name**: Bahamas
- **nickname**: Bahamian Slayersz
 The Baha Boyz
- **badge size**: 200px
- **association**: Bahamas Football Association
- **sub-confederation**: Caribbean Football Union, CFU (Caribbean)
- **coach**: Nesley Jean (Interim)
- **captain**: Vacant
- **most caps**: Dwayne Whylly, Gavin Christie (14)
- **top scorer**: Lesly St. Fleur (7)
- **home stadium**: Thomas Robinson Stadium
- **fifa trigramme**: BAH
- **fifa max**: 138
- **fifa max date**: September 2006
- **fifa min**: 210
- **fifa min date**: September 2018 – present
- **elo max**: 191
- **elo max date**: October 2011
- **elo min**: 207
- **elo min date**: 2001, 2004
- **pattern la1**: _bahamas1516h
- **pattern b1**: _bahamas1516h
- **pattern ra1**: _bahamas1516h
- **pattern sh1**: _bahamas1516h
- **pattern so1**: _bahamas1516h
- **leftarm1**: FFD700
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- **socks1**: FFD700
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- **pattern b2**: _Bahamas11Away
- **pattern ra2**: _goldshoulders
- **pattern sh2**: _Bahamas11Home
- **leftarm2**: 0080ff
- **body2**: 0080ff
- **rightarm2**: 0080ff
- **shorts2**: 000
- **socks2**: 0080ff
- **first game**: 3–0
 (Panama City, Panama; 1 March 1970)
- **largest win**: 6–0
 (Nassau, Bahamas, Nassau, Bahamas; 9 July 2011)
- **largest loss**: 13–0
 (Toluca, Mexico; 28 April 1987)
David Rotem

**David Rotem** (‎; 11 January 1949 – 8 June 2015) was an Israeli politician. He served as a member of the Knesset for Yisrael Beiteinu between 2007 and 2015. He was born in Bnei Brak to a Orthodox Jewish family, and grew up in Jerusalem.

Rotem died from cardiac arrest on 8 June 2015 in Efrat, West Bank, aged 66.
Iceland women's national football team

The **Iceland women's national football team** is a women's association football team that represents Iceland. Although the team has not qualified for a FIFA Women's World Cup, it has been at two UEFA Women's Championship tournaments. As of 8 June 2015, The top scorer is Margrét Lára Viðarsdóttir with 70 goals, and the woman with the most appearances is Katrín Jónsdóttir with 132 caps.

### FIFA Women's World Cup

|colspan=10|World Cup Finals||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1991|_Did Not Enter_||||||||
|1995|_Did Not Qualify_||||||||
|1999|_Did Not Qualify_||||||||
|2003|_Did Not Qualify_||||||||
|2007|_Did Not Qualify_||||||||
|2011|_Did Not Qualify_||||||||
|2015|_Did Not Qualify_||||||||
|**Total**|0/7|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|

### UEFA Women's Championship

|colspan=10|World Cup Finals||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1991|_Did Not Qualify_||||||||
|1993|_Did Not Qualify_||||||||
|1995|_Did Not Qualify_||||||||
|&  1997|_Did Not Qualify_||||||||
|2001|_Did Not Qualify_||||||||
|2005|_Did Not Qualify_||||||||
|2009|Group stage|3|0|0|3|1|5|−4|
|2013|Quarter-finals|4|1|1|2|2|8|−6|
|2017|_To Be Determined_||||||||
|**Total**|**2/8**|**7**|**1**|**1**|**5**|**3**|**13**|**−10**|

## Other websites

Official website
Katrín Jónsdóttir

**Katrín Jónsdóttir** (born on 31 May 1977 in Reykjavík, Iceland) is former Icelandic association football defender who played for various clubs throughout Norway, Iceland and Sweden, most notably Valur. She was a regular in the Iceland women's national football team, and she now has the record for the most appearances for the team.

## Club career

She has played for the Icelandic clubs of Valur, Breiðablik UBK, Stjarnan; the Norwegian club of Kolbotn Fotball; and the Swedish clubs of Umeå IK and Djurgårdens IF.

## International career

Jónsdóttir played for the Under-17 and Under 21 Icelandic youth teams. She made her senior team debut in May 1994 in a exhibition game against Scotland.

She helped Iceland qualify for the UEFA Women's Championship in 2009, however, her team lost all three group stage matches against Norway, France and Germany.

She appeared in the UEFA Women's Euro 2013 and helped her team advance to the knockout stage, where Iceland would eventually get knocke out in the quarter-finals against Sweden.

### Breiðablik

- Úrvalsdeild kvenna (premier league) **4**:
    - 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996
- Bikarkeppni KSÍ (FA-Cup) **3**:
    - 1994, 1996, 1997
- Deildarbikarinn (League-cup) **2**:
    - 1996, 1997

### Kolbotn

- Toppserien **3**:
    - 2004, 2005, 2006

### Valur

- Úrvalsdeild kvenna (premier league) **6**:
    - 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
- Bikarkeppni kvenna (Icelandic woman's cup) **3**:
    - 2006, 2009, 2010

## Other websites

- KSÍ Player profile
Francisca Ordega

**Francisca Ordega** (born 19 October 1993 in Nigeria) is a Nigerian association football forward who currently plays for the American club of Washington Spirit and the Nigeria women's national football team. She has appeared in the 2010 African Women's Championship, 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.

## Other websites

- FIFA player statistics
Bahrain national football team

**Bahlul national football team** is the national football team of Bahrain.

## Infobox (national football team)

- **name**: Bahrain
- **nickname**: محاربي ديلمون (_Muharabi Dilmun_, Dilmun, Dilmun's Warriors)
- **association**: Bahrain Football Association
- **sub-confederation**: West Asian Football Federation, WAFF (West Asia)
- **confederation**: Asian Football Confederation, AFC (Asia)
- **coach**: Hélio Sousa
- **captain**: Abdulwahab Al-Safi
- **most caps**: Salman Isa (156)
- **top scorer**: Ismail Abdul-Latif (40)
- **home stadium**: Bahrain National Stadium
- **fifa trigramme**: BHR
- **fifa max**: 44
- **fifa max date**: September 2004
- **fifa min**: 139
- **fifa min date**: March 2000
- **elo max**: 49
- **elo max date**: September 2000
- **elo min**: 138
- **elo min date**: March 1979
- **pattern la1**: _bhr19h
- **pattern b1**: _bhr19h
- **pattern ra1**: _bhr19h
- **pattern sh1**: _bhr19h
- **pattern so1**: _bhr19h
- **leftarm1**: FF0000
- **body1**: FF0000
- **rightarm1**: FF0000
- **shorts1**: FF0000
- **socks1**: FF0000
- **pattern la2**: _bhr19a
- **pattern b2**: _bhr19a
- **pattern ra2**: _bhr19a
- **pattern sh2**: _bhr19a
- **pattern so2**: _bhr19a
- **leftarm2**: FF0000
- **body2**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm2**: FF0000
- **shorts2**: FFFFFF
- **socks2**: FFFFFF
- **first game**: 4–4
 (Baghdad, Iraq; 2 April 1966)
- **largest win**: Bahrain 10–0 Indonesia, 10–0
(Riffa, Bahrain; 29 February 2012)
- **largest loss**: 10–1
 (Baghdad, Iraq; 5 April 1966)
- **regional name**: AFC Asian Cup, Asian Cup
- **regional cup apps**: 6
- **regional cup first**: 1988 AFC Asian Cup, 1988
- **regional cup best**: Fourth place, 2004 AFC Asian Cup, 2004
Edmonton (disambiguation)

**Edmonton** is the capital city of the Canadian province Alberta. It may also refer to:

## Cities and towns

- Edmonton Capital Region, Canada
- Edmonton, London, United Kingdom
    - Edmonton (hundred), an ancient hundred in north Middlesex
    - Municipal Borough of Edmonton, a local government (1850–1965)
- Edmonton, Kentucky, United States
- Edmonton, Queensland, Australia

## Electoral districts

- Edmonton (electoral district), Canadian federal riding between 1903 and 1914
- Edmonton (N.W.T. electoral district), a Canadian riding in the Northwest Territories from 1883 to 1905
- Edmonton (provincial electoral district), Alberta provincial electoral district from 1905–1909 and 1921–1955
- Edmonton (UK Parliament constituency), the Parliamentary constituency corresponding to Edmonton, London
- Edmonton-Castle Downs Alberta provincial electoral district
- Edmonton Centre Canadian federal electoral district
- Edmonton-Ellerslie Alberta provincial electoral district
- Edmonton-Whitemud Alberta provincial electoral district

## Religion

- Diocese of Edmonton
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Edmonton

## Sports

- Edmonton Eskimos
- Edmonton Oil Kings
- Edmonton Oilers
- Edmonton Rush

## Other

- 96193 Edmonton, an asteroid
- Edmonton Green railway station, a railway station
- Edmonton tornado, a large tornado
- , a vessel of the Canadian Forces
- West Edmonton Mall, a shopping mall

## Related pages

- Edmontosaurus, a dinosaur
Wapping

**Wapping** is an area in East London. It is in the borough of Tower Hamlets, in London, United Kingdom. Wapping is by the River Thames (the longest river in England). Wapping was probably named by the Saxons when they lived here. Their leader was named Waeppa. England's first marine police force was created in 1798 in Wapping. There were 163 bombs dropped in Wapping (including St Katherine's docks) during World War II. This was from October 7, 1940 to June 6, 1941. There is a famous landmark in Wapping called the Prospect of Whitby which is a very famous pub.

In Wapping there are two primary schools. St. Peter's London Docks primary school and Hermitage primary school.
FC Bayern Munich (women)

The **FC Bayern Munich women** is a German women's association football club that is from Munich, Germany. The team was successful in the 1970's, but unlike the male team, the club has been battling relegation until the 2010's. They won the Frauen Bundesliga for the first time in their 2014–15 season.

## Honours

- Frauen Bundesliga **3**:
    - 1976, 2014–15, 2015–16
- DFB-Pokal **1**:
    - 2011–12
- Bundesliga Cup **2**:
    - 2003, 2011
- Bavarian women's football champions **21**:
    - 1973–1990 (19x in a row), 2000, 2004
- Bavarian cup winners **8**:
    - 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990
Extragalactic astronomy

**Extragalactic astronomy** is astronomy about objects outside our Milky Way galaxy. It is the study of everything that is not covered in galactic astronomy: the study of objects in our galaxy.

Because of improvements in technology, we can see distant objects in more detail. Two versions of extragalactic astronomy are: near-extragalactic astronomy (the study of galaxies in our Local Group) and far-extragalactic astronomy (the study of objects outside our Local Group).

Pages on extragalactic astronomy include:
- Galaxy group
- Galaxy cluster
- Supercluster
- Quasars
- Supernovae
- Observable universe
Snapchat

**Snapchat** is a photo sharing app. Using the app, people can take pictures, add a text or drawing and send them to a list of contacts. The service started in September 2011. At first it was intended to send selfies that would disappear quickly but people learned how to save the pictures.

In June 2017 the app added "Snap Map". Snap Map is a feature that broadcasts the user's location on a map. This caused concerns over privacy and safety.

In June 2022, Snapchat introduced Snapchat Plus, a paid subscription offering early access to features, custom app icons, and the ability to see who rewatched stories.

In July 2022, Snapchat+ feature, Friend Solar System, get famous for its unique way of ranking best friends in a solar system format.

## References

Snapchat Planets

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Snapchat
- **logo size**: 100px
- **collapsible**: yes
- **developer**: Snap Inc.
- **ver layout**: stacked
- **operating system**: Android (operating system), Android Android Lollipop, 5.0 or later  iOS iOS 12, 12 or later
- **size**: 64 Megabyte, MB (Android)  258 MB (iOS)
- **language**: English, Arabic, Bengali, Danish, Dutch, Filipino, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Kannada, Korean, Malay, Malayalam, Marathi, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkish, Urdu, Vietnamese
- **language count**: 37
- **license**: Proprietary software
Reus

**Reus** is a municipality in Catalonia, Spain. It is the capital of Baix Camp, in the province of Tarragona. The area has always been an important producer of wines and spirits. It was famous at one time for its brandy. Today Reus is a popular center for rock-climbing. As of 2014, 104,962 people live in the city. The famous architect, Antoni Gaudí, was born in Reus. The poet and playwright Joaquín Bartrina (1850–1880) was born in Reus.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Reus
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de Reus.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Sandra Guaita
- **area total km2**: 52.93
- **population total**: 105,981
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 2,002
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 43200–43206
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 43123
Valur

**Knattspyrnufélagið Valur** (English: **Falcon Football Club**; or simply known as **Valur**) is an Icelandic sports club. It is based in Reykjavík. The club originally was made for association football. It later brought in handball and basketball. The club is very successful in Iceland. They have won multiple trophies in all sports.

## Club honours

- Men's football:
- **Icelandic Championships: 20**
    - 1930, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1956, 1966, 1967, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1985, 1987, 2007
- **Icelandic Cups: 9**
    - 1965, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 2005
- **Icelandic League Cups: 2**
    - 2008, 2011
- **Icelandic Super Cup: 2**
    - 2005, 2008

- Women's football:
- **National Champions: 10**
    - 1978, 1986, 1988, 1989, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
- **Cup Champions: 13**
    - 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1995, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011

- Men's handball:
- **National Champions: 21**
    - 1940, 1941, 1942, 1944, 1947, 1948, 1951, 1955, 1973, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2007
- **Cup Champions: 8**
    - 1974, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1998, 2008, 2009, 2011
- **Icelandic Super Cup: 1**
    - 2009
- **EHF Champions League: **
    - Final 1980
- Women's handball:
- **National Champions: 16**
    - 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1983, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014
- **Cup Champions: 6**
    - 1988, 1993, 2000, 2012, 2013, 2014

- Men's basketball:
- **National Champions: 2**
    - 1980, 1983
- **Cup Champions: 3**
    - 1980, 1981, 1983

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Valur
- **fullname**: Knattspyrnufélagið Valur
- **nickname**: Valsarar
- **founded**: 11 May 1911
- **ground**: Hlíðarendi (stadium), Hlíðarendi
Reykjavík
Iceland
- **capacity**: 3,000
- **owntitle**: Club Chairman
- **owner**: Björn Zoëga
- **chrtitle**: Football Chairman
- **mgrtitle**: Manager
- **manager**: Ólafur Jóhannesson
- **league**: Úrvalsdeild
- **season**: 2014 Úrvalsdeild, 2014
- **position**: 5th
- **current**: 2015 Valur season
- **leftarm1**: FF0000
- **body1**: FF0000
- **rightarm1**: FF0000
- **shorts1**: FFFFFF
- **socks1**: FF0000
- **leftarm2**: 0000FF
- **body2**: 0000FF
- **rightarm2**: 0000FF
- **shorts2**: FFFFFF
- **socks2**: FFFFFF
Zin Mar Aung

**Zin Mar Aung** (; born 14 June 1976) is a Burmese activist. She received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S State Department in 2012.

## Life

Zin Mar Aung studied botany in the university.  She received a degree from the University of Distance Education in Yangon.

## Work

Zin Mar Aung was part of the Burma democracy movement.  Because of this, she was a political prisoner for eleven years.    She started a group for Asian culture and democracy.  She also started a group to help women who were political prisoners.   She also helped start a group for women's empowerment. In 2012, she became the leader of an organization for ethnic minorities in war areas. In 2013 she started to work with the International Foundation for Electoral Systems on women’s political empowerment under the Global Women’s Leadership Fund.

## Other websites

- 2012 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Raj Reddy

**Dabbala Rajagopal (Raj) Reddy** (born Kattoor, India 19 June 1937) is an Indian computer scientist and Carnegie Mellon University professor. He is noted for his contributions to artificial intelligence, robotics and speech recognition.

Reddy developed Hearsay I, the first speech recognition system, which is the foundation for all commercial speech recognition programs today. He received his master's degree in computer science at the University of New South Wales in 1961 and his PhD from Stanford University in 1966.

Reddy served on the faculty of Stanford and Carnegie Mellon University for over 40 years. He has won many international awards for his work, including the Turing Award (which is computer science's greatest honor), membership in the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Legion of Honour, the IBM Research Ralph Gomory Fellow Award, the Padma Bhushan, the Okawa Prize, the Honda Prize, the IJCAI Donald E. Walker Distinguished Service Award, and the Vannevar Bush Award.

## Other sources

"Raj Reddy." World of Computer Science. Gale, 2006. Biography in Context. Web. 8 May 2015.
"Dr Raj Reddy makes PCs talk the masses language." Businessline. 21 Dec. 2004 eLibrary. Web. 29 May. 2015.
http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/reddy_9634208.cfm
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1533587/Raj-Reddy
Samar Badawi

**Samar Mohammad Badawi** (Arabic: سمر بدوي born 1981) is a Saudi Arabian human rights activist. In 2012, she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. State department.

## _Adhl_ court case

Samar started a court case against her father, who abused her for 15 years. She accused her father of _adhl_, because he did not permit her to marry. Samar's father started a court case against her. He accused her of disobedience, because he was her guardian. In Saudi Arabia, all women must have a guardian. Samar went to jail in April 2010. In October 2010, she got out of jail, after an international campaign. Her uncle became her new guardian.

## Campaign for women to vote

Samar tried to register to vote in the 2011 Saudi Arabian elections. Her registration was refused. She started a court case against the Ministry of Municipal and Rural affairs.

## Campaign for women to drive

In 2011 and 2012, Samar was part of the Women to drive movement. She drove regularly, and she helped other women drivers with police and court cases. In November 2011, Samar and Manal al-Sharif applied for driver's licenses. Their applications were refused. They filed charges with the Grievances Board against the Saudi Arabian General Directorate of Traffic.

## American citizenship

In November 2013, Samar wrote on Twitter that she received American nationality.

## Problems with travel

On 16 September 2014, Samar went to a meeting of the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva, Switzerland. She represented the organizations Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB), the Bahrain Institute of Rights and Democracy (BIRD), and Human Rights Watch in Saudi Arabia. She spoke about Human Rights advocates in Saudi Arabia, and her husband, Waleed Abulkhair. Her husband was in jail because he was an activist.

On 18 September 2014, Samar met with the High Commissioner of Human Rights, Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad. On 20 September 2014, she went to the US, where she met with US Senators and Secretaries and with human rights organizations. She talked about her husband and others who were in jail. After that, Samar said she received a threat from the Secretary of Foreign Minister of Saudi Arabia to stop talking about human rights. She returned to Saudi Arabia, but the government took her passport.

On 2 December 2014, Samar went to King Abdulaziz International Airport, to go to Brussels, Belgium for the 16th European Union (EU) NGOs Forum on Human Rights. Passport officials said she was not permitted to travel abroad.

## Other websites

- 2012 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)