juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ramanathan Krishnan (athlete)

**Ramanathan Krishnan** (born 11 April 1937) is a retired tennis player from India who was among the world's leading players in the 1950s and 1960s. He was twice a semifinalist at Wimbledon in 1960 and 1961, reaching as high as World No. 3 in Potter's amateur rankings.

- 1965 – River Oaks International Tennis Championships champion – defeated Osuna, Emerson in four sets, and Richey in four sets
- 1966 – member of the Indian team which reached the final of the Davis Cup (lost to Australia in the final)
- 1967 – Antwerp International champion – defeated Emerson in final in three straight sets
- 1968 – Canadian Open champion – defeated Torben Ulrich in final
Vivek Chibber

**Vivek Aslam Chibber** (born 1965) is an American academic, social theorist, editor, and professor of sociology at New York University, who has published widely on development, social theory, and politics. Chibber is the author of three books, _The Class Matrix: Social Theory after the Cultural Turn_ (Harvard, 2022), _Postcolonial Theory and the Specter of Capital_ (Verso, 2013) and _Locked in Place: State-Building and Late Industrialization in India_ (Princeton, 2003).

## Other websites

- Link at Amazon
- Talk on Postcolonial Theory
- Debate with Partha Chatterjee
- Radio Interview about Bernie Sanders
- Interview about Dalit Movement

### Videos

- Capitalism and the State, lecture to Brecht Forum program.
- Marxism and the legacy of Subaltern Studies, debate with Partha Chatterjee.
- Capitalism: A Debate, debate with representatives of libertarian magazine Reason.
Nirmal Purja

**Nirmal Purja** (known as **Nims** or **Nimsdai**)  (; born 25 July 1983) is a Nepal-born naturalised British mountaineer. Prior to taking on a career in mountaineering, he served in the British Army with the Brigade of Gurkhas followed by the Special Boat Service (SBS), the special forces unit of the Royal Navy.

## Other websites

- "Project Possible 14/7" official webpage
- "K2 Winter Ascent" official webpage
Rishi Budhrani

**Rishi Budhrani** (born June 9, 1984) is a Singaporean stand-up comedian, actor and host. He began performing in 2009 and became the first Singaporean to perform at the Gotham Comedy Club in New York City and is the first stand-up comedian to host Singapore's National Day Parade in 2022. as well as the President's Star Charity in October 2023. Rishi has been featured on Comedy Central and CNA, and has headlined shows in Sydney, Dubai, India, China, Sri Lanka, and Melbourne, Australia.
Neelam Gorhe

**Neelam Gorhe** is an Indian politician and deputy leader of Shiv Sena from Maharashtra. She is 13th and currently Deputy Chairperson of Maharashtra Legislative Council and a member of Maharashtra Legislative Council.

## Positions held

- 2002: Elected to Maharashtra Legislative Council (1st term)
- 2008: Re-Elected to Maharashtra Legislative Council (2nd term)
- 2010: Spokesperson of Shiv Sena

## Other websites

- official website
- Shivsena official website
- streeaadharkendra.org
Harish Verma

**Harish Verma** is an Indian actor who mostly works in Punjabi-language films. He made his debut in the 2010 film _Panjaban_, and gained wide attention with _Yaar Annmulle_ (2011). He made his singing debut with the track _Ikk Vaari Hor Soch Lae_, which was written by Jaani and produced by B Praak
Siemens (unit)

The **siemens** (symbol: **S**) is the SI unit measurement of electrical conductance (the ability of something to transmit electricity) of something. It also measures how easily a current passes through something, and how strongly a material blocks electrical energy. The unit is named after Ernst Werner von Siemens. Like other SI units named after people, the symbol is capitalized, but the name of the unit is not. In English, the same word (_siemens_) is used for both the singular and plural.
Leora Klapper

**Leora F. Klapper** is an American economist who currently works as a lead economist at the World Bank in the Finance and Private Sector research team as part of the Development Research group. Klapper has held government jobs in Washington, DC and Jerusalem, Israel in the Bank of Israel, as well as having held private sector jobs for Peter L. Bernstein and the Salomon Brothers firm in New York.

## Awards

In 2018, Klapper received the Accion Edward W. Claugus Award for exceptional leadership and innovation in financial inclusion.
Rituparno Ghosh

**Rituparno Ghosh** (31 August 1963 – 30 May 2013) was an Indian film director, actor, writer and lyricist. After pursuing a degree in economics, he started his career as a creative artist at an advertising agency. He received recognition for his second feature film _Unishe April_ which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film.
Radiation damage

**Radiation damage** is the effect of radiation on non-living things, such as buildings. Sometimes, radiation can have a positive effect on these materials, but sometimes, radiation damages them. Ionizing radiation can strip electrons from bonds, changing materials a lot. For example, metals are made stronger and harder by radiation, but they become less ductile.

## Effects

Radiation can have many different effects on a material, ranging from mild alteration to massive changes in a material's structure. These effects include:.
- Material radioactivity as a result of exposure.
- Radiolysis (the breaking of chemical bonds) resulting in weakening of the material.
- Formation of reactive compounds.
- Nuclear transmutation of elements within a material.
- Introduction of impurities or defects via ion implantation (the process of launching ions at a material to change its properties), modifying the material's electrical functionality.
Radiation damage effects can also be grouped by what material they're effecting.

### Effects on metals and concrete

Radiation can have harmful effects on metal<nowiki/>s and concrete, because it can damage them until they are no longer safe to be used. In metals, exposure to radiation can make them stronger through hardening, it can also make the metals more brittle (making it easily fractured, broken, or cracked). Concrete is often used in nuclear power plants, meaning it is an area of frequently studied (in relation to radiation damage). Over time, certain aggregates (types of gravel, sand, and crushed stone added to materials) can swell due to radiation exposure, making it unsafe.

### Effects on polymers

Radiation can effect polymers that are found in a variety of places, including nuclear reactors, medical apparatus, and aerospace parts. Ionizing radiation can be used to strengthen and change the traits of these polymers.

### Effects on gasses

Exposure to radiation causes chemical changes in gasses. Gasses lack a strong structure, meaning most often the effects on them are chemical. There are also often large amounts of ozone produced during nuclear reactions. During nuclear reactions and events, such as criticality events, the ionizing radiation in the air can often react with the area around it, producing a bright blue glow.

### Effects on liquids

Like gases, liquids do not have a strong structure. Instead, chemical bonds are broken within the liquids, altering their chemical composition. The effects of radiation on liquids, as a result, are generally limited to radiolysis.
Seema Pahwa

**Seema Pahwa** (née Bhargava; born 10 February 1962) is an Indian actress and director known for her comedic characters in films and television. She is the recipient of several awards including a  Filmfare Award and a Filmfare OTT Award.
The Superman Family

***The Superman Family*** is an American comic book series published by DC Comics from 1974 to 1982 featuring supporting characters in the Superman comics, and is the name often given to Superman's family (not to be confused with the Kent Family or House of El) and superhero allies.

## Members

- Superman
- Kelex
- Krypto
- Power Girl
- Steel (John Henry Irons)
- Steel (Natasha Irons)
- Streaky the Supercat
- Super-Man (Kong Kenan)
- Superboy (Kon-El)
- Superboy (Jonathan Samuel Kent)
- Superboy (Jonathan Lane Kent)
- Supergirl
- Linda Danvers
- Lana Lang
- Lor-Zod

## Collected editions

- _Showcase Presents: Batgirl Vol. 1_ includes the Supergirl story from _The Superman Family_ #171, 520 pages, July 2007,
- _Superman: The Amazing Transformations of Jimmy Olsen_ includes the Jimmy Olsen story from _The Superman Family_ #173, 192 pages, July 2007,
- _Superman: The Adventures of Nightwing and Flamebird_ collects the Jimmy Olsen story from _The Superman Family_ #173 and the Nightwing and Flamebird stories from _The Superman Family_ #183–194, 144 pages, October 2009,
- _Superman: The World of Krypton_ includes the _World of Krypton_ story from _The Superman Family_ #182, 240 pages, March 2008,
- _Deadman Book Three_ includes the Lois Lane story from _The Superman Family_ #183, 176 pages, December 2012,
- _Superman: Bottle City of Kandor_ includes the Nightwing and Flamebird story from _The Superman Family_ #194, 200 pages, October 2007,

## Infobox (comic book title)

- **noimage**: yes
- **schedule**: Bimonthly #164–207
Monthly #208–222
- **format**: 100 pages (#164–169)
 64 pages (#170–176, 191–204)
 48 pages (#177–181, 205–222)
 80 pages (#182–190)
- **publisher**: DC Comics
- **date**: ***The Superman Family***: April/May 1974 – September 1982
***Superman Family Adventures***: July 2012 – June 2013
- **issues**: ***The Superman Family***: 59 (#164–222)
***Superman Family Adventures***: 12
- **main char team**: Lois Lane
Supergirl (Kara Zor-El), Supergirl
Jimmy Olsen
Krypto
Nightwing and Flamebird
Clark Kent
Superboy
Kal-L and Lois Lane Kent
Mutual Nuclear Deterrence

**Mutual Nuclear Deterrence** refers to the theory that if two parties both threaten nuclear conflict, neither will engage in it. This became a commonly used strategy during The Cold War. Deterence theory itself is defined as any use of threats in order to maintain the status quo. The stability–instability paradox is an important part of mutual nuclear deterrence. This paradox states that if two parties both have powerful nuclear weapons, the chances of war between them greatly decreases. This is because parties generally want to avoid nuclear conflict, so they neither start large conflicts nor allow small conflicts to grow into large ones.

According to Kenneth Waltz, there are three requirements for successful nuclear deterrence:

1. The state must have a group of nuclear weapons strong enough to fight back if attacked.
1. The state must not respond to false alarms of a strike.
1. The state must keep control.

The idea of mutual nuclear deterrence has been critiqued. This is because of the idea that the people who make decisions are always rational. It has been argued that it does not consider the emotional effects of the chances of a conflict happening, which can lead to irrational choices.
Leader (character)

The **Leader** (**Samuel Sterns**) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in _Tales to Astonish_ #62 (December 1964), created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko as the archenemy of the Hulk.

## Fictional character biography

He was a simple American worker in a chemical plant in a menial capacity until an accident working with radioactive material bombarded him with gamma radiation, turning his skin green and making his head grow. The radiation increased his intelligence to genius-level along with his ego and ambition to match. This led him into conflict with the Hulk becoming his self-proclaimed arch-enemy. Having died and being revived several times, the Leader became obsessed with the afterlife, having experimented with the Green Doors and learned of the existence of the One Below All and the Below-Place, though all of this would culminate in him being possessed and then ripped out of the entity, powerless and reduced to a normal human. In spite everything he had done, the Hulk forgave Sam and returned him to the Earthly Plane.

## Powers and abilities

The Leader uses his advanced brain to generate force fields, instill mental blocks in others' minds, erase others' memories, and brainwash others into a zombie-like state. Additionally, through his psychic link to Rick Jones, the Leader gains professional level guitar skills.

## In other media

The character has been adapted from the comics into various forms of media, including television series and video games. Samuel Sterns made his cinematic debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) movie _The Incredible Hulk_ (2008), portrayed by Tim Blake Nelson, and returned in _Captain America: Brave New World_ (2025). In 2009, the Leader was ranked as IGN's 63rd Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time.
Duke University Hospital

**Duke University Hospital** is a 957-bed hospital and an academic tertiary care facility located in Durham, North Carolina, United States.

Made in 1930, it is the main teaching hospital for the Duke University Health System, a network of physicians and hospitals serving Durham County and Wake County, North Carolina, and surrounding areas, as well as one of three Level I referral centers for the Research Triangle of North Carolina (the other two are UNC Hospitals in nearby Chapel Hill and WakeMed Raleigh in Raleigh). It is affiliated with the Duke University School of Medicine.

## Infobox (hospital)

- **name**: Duke University Hospital
- **region**: Durham, North Carolina, Durham
- **state**: North Carolina
- **country**: US
- **opened**: 1930
- **website**: [http://www.dukemedicine.org www.dukemedicine.org]
Samuel García (politician)

**Samuel Alejandro García Sepúlveda** (born 28 December 1987) is a Mexican politician. He is a member of the Citizens' Movement party. He became Governor of Nuevo León in 2021. He was a senator from 2018 to 2021. He was a candidate for President of Mexico in the 2024 election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Samuel García
- **birthname**: Samuel Alejandro García Sepúlveda
- **birth place**: Monterrey, Nuevo León
- **office**: Governor of Nuevo León
- **term start**: 4 October 2021
- **predecessor**: Jaime Rodríguez Calderón
- **occupation**: Lawyer
- **party**: Citizens' Movement (Mexico), Citizens' Movement (2015–present)
- **children**: 1
- **signature**: Samuel Garcia Sepulveda signature.svg
Eduardo Verástegui

**José Eduardo Verástegui Córdoba** (; born May 21, 1974) is a Mexican actor, singer and conservative activist. He was part of the band Kairo. He had movie roles in _Chasing Papi_, _Bella_, and _Little Boy_.

His political ideas have been seen as ultra-conservative and far-right.

In September 2023, he became an independent candidate for President of Mexico in the 2024 presidential election.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Eduardo Verástegui
- **image**: Eduardo Verástegui.jpg
- **caption**: Verástegui at Conservative Political Action Conference, CPAC 2022
- **birth name**: José Eduardo Verástegui Córdoba
- **birth place**: Ciudad Mante, Tamaulipas, Mexico
- **years active**: 1990s–present
Victoria Villarruel

**Victoria Eugenia Villarruel** (born 13 April 1975) is an Argentine politician, lawyer, and activist who is the 38th and current Vice President of Argentina since 2023. She is the founder and president of a civil association called the Center for Legal Studies on Terrorism. She was a member of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies from 2021 to 2023.

Villarruel successfully ran as the running mate of Javier Milei in the 2023 general election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Victoria Villarruel
- **image**: Victoria Villarruel 2023.jpg
- **caption**: Villarruel in 2023
- **office**: 38th List of vice presidents of Argentina, Vice President of Argentina
- **president**: Javier Milei
- **term start**: 10 December 2023
- **predecessor**: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
- **office1**: Argentine Chamber of Deputies, National Deputy
- **term start1**: 10 December 2021
- **term end1**: 10 December 2023
- **constituency1**: Buenos Aires, City of Buenos Aires
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **awards**: Friend della forze dell'Ordine (2012)
- **blank1**: Religion
- **party**: Democratic Party (Argentina), Democratic Party (since 2022)
- **otherparty**: La Libertad Avanza (since 2021)
- **signature**: VictoriaVillarruelSignature.svg
Pseudophilautus lunatus

The **Afro-Asian tree frog** (_Pseudophilautus lunatus_) is a frog.  It lives in Sri Lanka. Scientists have seen it in exactly one place: Handapan Ell Plains, in the eastern part of the Sinharaja World Heritage Site, 1270 meters above sea level.

One adult female frog was 40.9 m long from nose to rear end. There are black spots near the eyes and white color on the chin.  The skin of the frog's back is red-brown in the middle and gray-brown with black marks on the sides. The belly is gray-white in color. The toes are dark gray in color, and the tops of the toes have some yellow color.

Many parts of the frog's eye are brown in color.

This frog is critically endangered. There are very few of them. Scientists say this is because human beings change the places the frog lives to make farms, to make places for animals to eat grass, and to get wood to build with and because pollution and chemicals meant to kill pests and make crops grow can kill this frog. However, scientists say that even though there are only a few frogs, the number of frogs is staying the same, not getting smaller.
Ted Kord

**Theodore Stephen  Kord** is a fictional character from Charlton Comics and later acquired by DC Comics. The character was created by Steve Ditko and Gary Friedrich, first appearing in _Captain Atom_ #83 (1966).

He was the second hero to call himself **Blue Beetle**, successor to Dan Garrett and predecessor to Jaime Reyes. Garrett was his mentor and he vowed to take up the crime-fighting legacy, although when he found himself unable to activate the Blue Beetle Scarab he turned to science and martial arts instead. He has been a member of Justice League International, the Living Assault Weapons and the Birds of Prey. His most enduring partnership is with his best friend Booster Gold.

## Publication history

Ted Kord was created by Steve Ditko and Gary Friedrich, first appearing in _Captain Atom_ #83 (1966).

## Fictional character biography

Ted was a former student of Dan Garrett, and they were investigating his uncle Jarvis Kord, learning Jarvis was working to create an army of androids to take over Earth; Garrett fought Jarvis, but both were killed in the battle. He is one of the smartest men in the DC Universe, and puts his inventions to public use through Kord Industries.

## Powers and abilities

Ted Kord had no superpowers; he possesses a genius-level intellect, with an IQ of 192. He is proficient in numerous sciences such as physics, chemistry, computer science, genetics, mechanical engineering, and aerospace engineering. He additionally has a comprehensive understanding of extraterrestrial technology. Despero once claimed that Ted's mind was second only to that of J'onn J'onzz. Former Justice League teammate Guy Gardner claims that Ted was smarter than Batman, "although nobody ever noticed". Kord was an Olympic-level acrobat and skilled hand-to-hand combatant, having studied in the martial arts of karate and aikido. Dick Grayson stated that Ted was very adept physically, to the point where he was almost ambidextrous. He is also highly skilled in espionage.

## In other media

Since his debut in the comics, Kord has made appearances in numerous media, outside the comics; most notably the animated trilogy adaptation of the _Crisis on Infinite Earths_ storyline, set in the Tomorrowverse, where he was voiced by Matt Lanter, reprising his role from _DC Showcase: Blue Beetle_.
Captain America's shield

**Captain America's shield** is a fictional item appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is the primary defensive and offensive piece of equipment used by Captain America, and is intended to be an emblem of American culture.

The most well-known of his shields is a disc-shaped object with a five-pointed star design in its center, within blue, red, and white concentric circles. This shield is composed of a unique combination of Vibranium, steel alloy, and a third catalyst that has never been duplicated called Proto-Adamantium. It is virtually indestructible. It is as much an offensive weapon as a defensive one for Captain America. Cap uses it against his enemies, mainly, by throwing it at them and can perform mind-bogglingly impossible tricks with it.

Over the years, Captain America has used several shields of varying composition and design. His original heater shield first appeared in _Captain America Comics_ #1 (March 1941), published by Marvel's 1940s predecessor, Timely Comics. The circular shield best associated with the character debuted in the next issue, _Captain America Comics_ #2.
Silvia de Tapia

**Silvia de Tapia** (born 5 January 1940) is a Mexican archer. De Tapia competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Adolfo González

**Adolfo González Jiménez** (born 27 September 1962) is a Mexican archer. González competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics, the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Adolfo González
- **nationality**: Mexican
- **sport**: Archery
Gary Leschinsky

**Gary Leschinsky** is an American student and inventor who has gained recognition in the medical device industry for his notable contributions to the fields of allergy awareness, education, and invention.

## Early Life and Education

From the age of 7 years old, Leschinsky demonstrated an interest in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math), particularly in inventions that could solve real-world problems. He currently pursues his interests in STEM at the Davidson Academy Online, an online secondary school based in Reno, Nevada.

## Advancement of Early Allergy Detection

Leschinsky is most known for his development of the "A-Watch for Allergies" at the age of 8 years old. This is a device designed for the early detection and notification of allergic reactions. For his notable contribution to the advancement of research in early food allergy detection, Leschinsky was inducted in 2016 into the National Gallery for America's Young Inventors at the National Museum of Education.

Leschinsky's invention, developed to assist individuals unable to communicate their symptoms effectively, received a United States Patent in 2019 (patent number US10213150B2).

Leschinsky's medical invention led him to present to the investors of Shark Tank in a kid inventors segment. In addition, another one of his inventions, the "Nose and Earmuffs" was presented on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. In November of 2023, Leschinsky presented a TEDx Talk at Nashua High School South.

## Notability in Chess

Leschinsky is also known for his notable achievements in chess. He started chess lessons at the International Chess Academy of New Jersey and rapidly improved his skills. In December of 2022, he was ranked #10 for all US 14-year-olds by the United States Chess Federation.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gary Leschinsky
- **image**: Gary Leschinsky.jpg
- **birth place**: United States
- **known for**: Innovation in early allergy detection
- **awards**: United States Patent
Pandia (moon)

**Pandia** is a moon of Jupiter. One Pandian year is 252 days. This satellite of Jupiter is named after the greek goddess of the sun and has a diameter of approximately 3 kilometers. (1.8 miles)
Pilate stone

The **Pilate stone** is a block of carved limestone with a inscription on it. The inscription likely attributes and mentions Pontius Pilate, a prefect of Roman Judaea from around AD 26 to AD 37. It was discovered at the ancient city of Caesarea Maritima in 1961. The block is significant because it has a inscription carved in the 1st century which mentions the word or name "Pilate", likely referring to Pontius Pilate.

## Content

The inscription on the block is mostly unreadable.

Those are what the readable parts of the inscription read:
Vaccinium uliginosum

The **Vaccinium uliginosum** is the scientific name for bog bilberry, bog blueberry, northern bilberry, western blueberry. The Vaccinium uliginosum is an Eurasia and North American plant in the group Vaccinium. It lives in cold temperate areas. You can eat the berries raw or cooked, you can also make jelly and pies with it. It can grow to 10-75cm tall with round stems. It has oval leaves with blue-green veins.
Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)

**Black Widow** (**Natalia Alianovna** "**Natasha**" **Romanova**) is a fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe. Created by editor and plotter Stan Lee, scripter Don Rico, and artist Don Heck, the character debuted in _Tales of Suspense_ #52 (April 1964).

## Fictional character biography

The character was introduced as a Russian spy, an antagonist of the superhero Iron Man. She is the second character who have assumed the mantle of **Black Widow**. She later defected to the United States, becoming an agent of the fictional spy agency S.H.I.E.L.D., and is the only female member of the Avengers.

## In other media

The character has appeared in numerous forms of media, such as animated television series, video games, and films. In animation, she is voiced by Laura Bailey. Scarlett Johansson portrayed Natasha Romanoff in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movies _Iron Man 2_ (2010), _The Avengers_ (2012), _Captain America: The Winter Soldier_ (2014), _Avengers: Age of Ultron_ (2015), _Captain America: Civil War_ (2016), _Avengers: Infinity War_ (2018), _Captain Marvel_ (2019), _Avengers: Endgame_ (2019), and _Black Widow_ (2021), with Lake Bell voicing the character in the animated series _What If...?_ (2021).
Blue Beetle (Dan Garrett)

**Dan Garret**, or **Dan Garrett** is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Fox Comics, Holyoke Publishing, Charlton Comics, and DC Comics. The character was created by Charles Nicholas, first appearing in the Fox publication _Mystery Men Comics_ #1 (1939). He was the first **Blue Beetle** during the Golden Age. He was a vigilante who got powers using Vitamin 2X, and fought crime with a sidekick named Sparky. Charlton Comics reimagined him as **Dan Garrett** in the Silver Age. He is portrayed as an archaeologist who gains powers from a Blue Beetle Scarab found in Egypt. His student and successor is Ted Kord, although Jaime Reyes is the next to use the Scarab.
Yelena Belova

**Yelena Belova** (Russian: Еле́на Бело́ва) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Originally created by Devin Grayson and J.G. Jones for _Marvel Knights: Wave 2 Sketchbook_ #1 (January 1998), Belova made her first appearance in _Inhumans_ vol. 2 #5 (January 1999) by Paul Jenkins and Jae Lee.

## Fictional character biography

She is depicted as a spy and was the second modern-era character to use the **Black Widow** name. She was trained as a spy and assassin in the Red Room. Originally, Yelena was a foe of Natasha Romanova and was sent to kill her, but the two later became allies. She was also a member of S.H.I.E.L.D., Vanguard, and HYDRA; the latter organization changed her into a version of **Super-Adaptoid**. As Super-Adaptoid, she was one of the members of the High Council of A.I.M. After being freed from her Super-Adaptoid identity, Belova reverted back to her old Black Widow identity before adopting the codename **White Widow**.

## In other media

Florence Pugh portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) movies _Black Widow_ (2021), _Thunderbolts*_ (2025), and the upcoming movie _Avengers: Doomsday_ (2026), as well as in the miniseries _Hawkeye_ (2021).
Gyan Chand Jain

**Gyan Chand Jain** (1923-2007) was an Indian writer and scholar of Urdu literature.  Born in 1923 at Seohara of Bijnore district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, Jain was known for his scholarship on Ghalib literature.
Watazumi Shrine

**Watazumi Shrine** (和多都美神社) is a shinto shrine on Tsushima Island in Japan.

Lots of tourists came there from South Korea. But in January 2020 they banned tourists because South Korean tourists did bad things.

It has a famous row of five torii gates in a row with two in the ocean similar to Itsukushima Shrine.

In 2020 it was damaged by a typhoon and Ghost of Tsushima fans helped raise money to repair it.

It is sometimes called also known as **Watatsumi Shrine**.

It should not be confused with the nearby Kaijin Shrine, also sometimes called Watatsumi Shrine, which is much older or the more distant Watatsumi Shrine in Kobe both of which have similar names, or the completely unrelated Watatsu Shrine

## Visitor problems

In January 2020 they changed the rules so foreigners could not visit. They did this because South Korean people did bad things at the shrine like vandalism, thefts, and a threat against the head priest.

People did lots of bad things in the Some people held picnics at the shrine, a YouTube creator filmed there without permission, tour guides disrespecting sacred areas, and Korean graffiti. People stole some amulets. A Korean tour guide threatened the priest's life.

Because of this rule change a lot less Korean people went to Tsushima that year.

## Typhoon destruction

A typhoon damaged a torii gate at Watatsumi Shrine. This happened in September 2020. On November 27, 2020 people started crowd funding to fix the gate on the Japanese website Camp-Fire.

The campaign reached its goal quickly. This goal was 5 million yen. It was reached by December 1, 2020. The campaign ended on January 10, 2021. It raised 27,103,882 yen. This is about $260,435 United States dollars. Many donors were fans of the "Ghost of Tsushima" game.

People planned to start fixing the shrine in April 2021, and to finish by August 2021. People planned a stone monument. It would list the names of those who donated at least 10,000 yen. Some people were afraid workers would get sick from COVID-19.

## In popular culture

In the game "Ghost of Tsushima," there is a similar shrine. It is called the Scarlet Rock Shrine. The real shrine is dedicated to two gods, Hikohohodemi no Mikoto and Toyotamabime. The game's shrine is dedicated to Tsukuyomi.

## Related pages

- Kaijin Shrine
- Watatsumi Shrine
- Mihashira Torii

## Infobox (religious building)

- **religious affiliation**: Shinto
- **image**: 鳥居（陸側）.JPG
- **map type**: Japan
- **deity**: Hikohohodemi no Mikoto and Toyotamabime
Pseudophilautus fulvus

The **knuckles shrub frog** (_Pseudophilautus fulvus_) is a frog.  It lives in Sri Lanka. Scientists have seen it in the Knuckles Mountains, between 450 and 1220 meters above sea level.
State flags

In vexillology, a **state flag** is either the flag of the government of a sovereign state, or the flag of an individual federated state (subnational administrative division).
Robert Jermain Thomas

**Robert Jermain Thomas** ( 17 September 1840disappeared 31 August 1866) was a Welsh Protestant Christian man who served as a missionary with the London Missionary Service spreading the gospel in China and Korea. While serving as a missionary in China, Thomas developed a strong desire to work as a missionary in Korea, among it's peoples.
 At the time, Korea was closed to foreigners because of the government's fear of foreign influence on Korea. Many Koreans had been converted by Catholic priests in the end of the 18th century, but the government had around 8,000 of those converts killed.

## Biography

Robert Jermain Thomas was born  17 September 1840, in Rhayader, Powys, Radnorshire, Wales, United Kingdom. In 1863, Thomas married a woman named Caroline Godfrey.
Thomas and his newly married wife Godfrey went as missionaries to China with the London Missionary Service to spread the gospel to the Chinese people. Four months after their arrival in Shangai, China, his wife Godfrey suffered a miscarriage and died afterwards from the consequences in 1865.

## Death

31 August 1866 was the day that the Americans had begin launching attacks on Korea. An American ship not far from the shores of Korea began attacking the shores and some towns of Korea. Some civilians were wounded and killed due to the attacks. In response to the attacks, Korea began attacking the American ships that attacked them. This started a conflict between Korea and the United States. Meanwhile, Robert Jermain Thomas was in Korea.
The entire conflict lasted two days. Two days after the attack began, the Americans having a damaged ship due to the Korean attacks had surrendered on 2 September. After those attacks, Roman Jermain Thomas was not seen again. It is possible that he died due to the attacks. He was last seen on 31 August 1866 (the day that the conflict had began). He was later declared a proclaimed martyr of Korea.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robert Jermain Thomas
- **image**: Robert Jermain Thomas.jpg
- **caption**: A photograph of Robert Jermain Thomas
- **birth date**: 17 September 1840
- **birth place**: Rhayader, Powys, Radnorshire, Wales, United Kingdom
- **disappeared date**: 31 August 1866 (aged  25)
- **disappeared place**: Korea
- **nationality**: Welsh
- **occupation**: Missionary
- **known for**: Proclaimed martyr of Korea
- **spouse**: Caroline Godfrey
 (wife)
 (m. 1863; died 1865)
Office of the Vice President of the United States

The **Office of the Vice President** includes staff who directly support or advise the vice president of the United States. The office is headed and ran by the Chief of Staff to the Vice President. The office also provides staffing and support to the vice president's spouse. The office is primarily inside the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, that hold the vice president's ceremonial office. There are also offices for the vice president also in the West Wing of the White House, the U.S. Capitol, and inside vice president's official residence.

### Office of the Vice President

- Chief of Staff to the Vice President: Jacob Reses
    - Deputy Chief of Staff to the Vice President: Bryan Gray
- Director of Domestic Policy to the Vice President: Ben Moss
- National Security Adviser to the Vice President: Andy Baker
- Director of Operations to the Vice President: Abby Delahoyde
- Communications Director to the Vice President: William Martin
    - Deputy Communications Director to the Vice President: Luke Schroder
    - Press Secretary to the Vice President: Taylor Van Kirk
- Counsel to the Vice President: Sean Cooksey

### Office of the Second Lady

- Chief of Staff to the Second Lady: Shannon Fisher

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: Office of the Vice President
- **seal**: Seal of the Vice President of the United States.svg
- **seal width**: 140px
- **formed**: 1939
- **headquarters**: Eisenhower Executive Office Building
- **employees**: Approx 100
- **budget**: United States dollar, US$ 2,591,000 (FY2022)
- **chief1 name**: Jacob Reses
- **chief1 position**: Chief of Staff
- **parent agency**: Federal government of the United States
- **website**: [https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/vice-president-harris/ whitehouse.gov]
Office of the First Lady of the United States

The **Office of the First Lady** is the staff that helps the First Lady of the United States. The Office of the First Lady is a part of the White House Office. It is in the East Wing of the White House.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Office of the First Lady of the United States
- **image**: US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg
- **formation**: 1977
- **headquarters**: White House
- **parent organization**: White House Office
- **staff**: 11
Jannatul Ferdous Ivy

**Jannatul Ferdous Ivy** is a well-known filmmaker, writer, and human rights activist from Bangladesh.  She is the executive director of the NGO "Voice & Views". She is recognized for her strong advocacy for the rights of marginalized groups, especially women with disabilities and burn survivors. Ivy's impactful work earned her a place in the "BBC 100 Women 2023," acknowledging her as one of the most influential women worldwide.

## Education and Achievements

Ivy has an impressive educational background, including a Bachelor of Social Science (BSS), a Master of Arts in English Literature, a degree in Development Studies, an LLB, and a Diploma in Social Compliance. These qualifications have equipped her to contribute effectively to policy advocacy and social justice.

## Passion for Creativity

Besides her academic achievements, Ivy is passionate about English Literature, Film Studies, and Photography. Her creative pursuits inspire her to use storytelling for positive change and raise awareness about important issues. Ivy's dedication to creative endeavours and social justice work has gained her respect in Bangladesh's film and human rights communities.

## Advocacy and Personal Connection

Ivy's advocacy work is personal to her because she has a physical disability from burns. Her own experiences have motivated her to advocate passionately for the human rights of women with disabilities. Through her work with "Voice & Views" and other organizations, Ivy strives to create a more inclusive and just world for everyone. She promotes accessibility and opportunities for disabled women while raising awareness about their unique challenges and needs.

## Other websites

- Website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jannatul Ferdous Ivy
- **nationality**: Bangladeshi
- **alma mater**: National University of Bangladesh
- **occupation**: film-maker, writer and disability campaigner.
Irri

**Irri** is a village in the Isoko South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria.
Alfonso Jones

**Alfonso Jones Kleiner** (born 8 March 1951) is a Mexican archer. Jones competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Alfonso Jones
- **nationality**: Mexican
- **sport**: Archery
Eduardo Magaña

**Eduardo Avelino Magaña Portillo** (born 10 March 1984) is a Mexican archer. He competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Eduardo Magaña
- **nationality**: Mexican
- **sport**: Archery
- **birth place**: Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
Savage Garden (Savage Garden album)

***Savage Garden*** is the debut studio album by Australian pop duo Savage Garden and was released on 4 March 1997, by Columbia Records and Roadshow Music. It topped the album charts in Australia, New Zealand and Sweden and made the top 10 in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. It won the 1998 ARIA Music Award for Highest Selling Album.

## Track listings

All tracks are written by Darren Hayes and Daniel Jones; all tracks is produced by Charles Fisher, except where noted

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Savage Garden
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Savage Garden
- **border**: yes
- **recorded**: 1995–1996
- **length**: 49:44 (Australia)
44:35 (International)
- **producer**: Charles Fisher (producer), Charles Fisher
- **next title**: Affirmation (Savage Garden album), Affirmation
- **next year**: 1999
Turn Back Time (Aqua song)

"**Turn Back Time**" is a 1998 song by Aqua and is the sixth single from their debut studio album _Aquarium_. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom and Scotland, number 2 in New Zealand and Hungary, number 10 in Australia, number 14 in Canada and Belgium, number 26 in the Netherlands, number 42 in Germany, number 19 in Italy and Austria and number 4 in Sweden and Ireland. It was used in 1998 movie _Sliding Doors_.

## Track listings

- **Scandinavian and European CD single, UK cassette single**
1. "Turn Back Time" (original version) – 4:10
1. "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic radio mix) – 3:17

- **Scandinavian maxi-CD single**
1. "Turn Back Time" (original version) – 4:08
1. "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic radio mix) – 3:17
1. "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic Paradise mix) – 7:25

- **UK CD1**
1. "Turn Back Time" (original version) – 4:08
1. "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic radio mix) – 3:20
1. "Turn Back Time" (Metro Scuba club mix) – 6:34
1. "Turn Back Time" (Master mix) – 5:13
1. "Turn Back Time" (Thunderball mix) – 6:59

- **UK CD2**
1. "Turn Back Time" (original version) – 4:08
1. "Turn Back Time" (Metro radio edit) – 3:22
1. "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic Paradise mix) – 7:29
1. "Turn Back Time" (CD-ROM video)

- **UK 12-inch single**
- A1. "Turn Back Time" (album version)
- A2. "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic Paradise mix)
- B1. "Turn Back Time" (Thunderball mix)
- B2. "Turn Back Time" (Master mix)

- **Australian CD single**
1. "Turn Back Time" (album version) – 4:09
1. "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic radio mix) – 3:20
1. "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic Paradise mix) – 7:25
1. "Turn Back Time" (Metro Scuba club mix) – 6:34

- **Japanese CD single**
1. "Turn Back Time" (original version)
1. "Turn Back Time" (Love to Infinity's classic radio mix)
1. "My Oh My" (radio edit)
1. "My Oh My" (Spike, Clyde'N'Eightball club mix)

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Turn Back Time
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Aqua (band), Aqua
- **album**: Aquarium (Aqua album), Aquarium  Sliding Doors#Soundtrack, Sliding Doors: Music from the Motion Picture
- **genre**: Europop
- **length**: 4:09
- **label**: Universal Music Group, Universal
- **prev title**: Lollipop (Candyman)
- **prev year**: 1997
- **next title**: Good Morning Sunshine
- **next year**: 1998
Rahul Kohli

**Rahul Kohli** (born 13 November 1985) is an English actor. He is best known for his television roles as Dr. Ravi Chakrabarti in _iZombie_ (2015–19), Owen Sharma in _The Haunting of Bly Manor_ (2020), Sheriff Hassan in _Midnight Mass_ (2021), and Napoleon Usher in _The Fall of the House of Usher_ (2023).
Hekari United F.C.

**Hekari United Football Club** is a Papua New Guinean professional men's soccer club based in Port Moresby. It was founded in 2006 and plays in the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League (PNGNSL).

Hekari United is one of two clubs that has won the PNGNSL, the other being Lae City. Hekari United has won the PNGNSL eight times, while Lae City has won it nine times.

Hekari United one of two Oceanian clubs outside Australia and New Zealand to have both won the OFC Champions League and to have played in the FIFA Club World Cup, both in 2010. The only other Oceanian club to have done this is Hienghène Sport, which plays in the New Caledonia Super Ligue.
Lae City F.C.

**Lae City Football Club** is a Papua New Guinean professional soccer club based in Lae. It was founded in 2014 and plays in the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League (PNGNSL).

Lae City is the most successful soccer club in Papua New Guinea, having won the PNGNSL nine times. It is one of only two clubs to have ever won the PNGNSL, the other being Hekari United who won the first eight PNGNSL titles before Lae City won their first title in 2015 and have won every season since.
Lae

**Lae** () is the capital of Morobe Province and the second-largest city in Papua New Guinea.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Lae
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Welcome signs at Bugandi on the approach from Nadzab airport.jpg
- **image caption**: Welcome signs on approach from Nadzab Airport
- **pushpin map**: Papua New Guinea
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Papua New Guinea
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Papua New Guinea, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Morobe Province, Morobe
- **subdivision type2**: Districts and LLGs of Papua New Guinea, District
- **subdivision name2**: Lae District, Lae
- **subdivision type3**: Districts and LLGs of Papua New Guinea, LLG
- **subdivision name3**: Lae Urban LLG
- **population total**: 100,677
- **population as of**: 2012
- **population rank**: List of cities and towns in Papua New Guinea by population, 2nd
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population urban**: 193,000~
- **demographics1 title1**: Languages of Papua New Guinea, Main languages
- **elevation m**: 8
- **timezone1**: PGT
- **utc offset1**: +10
- **blank name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank info**: Tropical rainforest climate, Af
Madang F.C.

**Madang Football Club** was a Papua New Guinean professional soccer club based in Madang. It played in the Papua New Guinea National Soccer League (PNGNSL).

The club was founded in 2006 and was one of the five founding members of the PNGNSL. In 2019, the club folded and merged with the Tusbab Stallions. Although it never won the PNGNSL, it finished second twice.
Darryl Worley

**Darryl Wade Worley** (born October 31, 1964) is an American country music singer and songwriter.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Hard Rain Don't Last_ (2000)
- _I Miss My Friend_ (2002)
- _Darryl Worley_ (2004)
- _Here and Now_ (2006)
- _Sounds Like Life_ (2009)

## Other websites

- Official Site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Darryl Worley
- **img**: Darryl Worley Kuwait 2.jpg
- **img capt**: Darryl Worley performing for U.S. servicemen in Kuwait
- **birth place**: Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Darryl Wade Worley
- **origin**: Pyburn, Tennessee, United States
- **occupation**: Singer, Songwriter
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **years active**: 1999–present
- **label**: DreamWorks, 903 Music, Stroudavarious
- **associated acts**: Bucky Covington
- **url**: [https://darrylworley.com/ Official website]
April, April!

***April, April!*** is a 1935 German comedy movie directed by first time director Douglas Sirk. It stars Albrecht Schoenhals, Carola Höhn, Erhard Siedel, Lina Carstens, Charlott Daudert, Hubert von Meyerinck, Werner Finck and Hilde Schneider.
Lalit Prabhakar

**Lalit Prabhakar** is an Indian film, television and theatre actor predominantly working in the Marathi film industry. He is best known for his role as Aditya Desai on the popular daily soap _Julun Yeti Reshimgathi_ and his debut film as main actor in the film _Chi Va Chi Sau Ka_.
Gujjar Singh Bhangi

Sardar **Gujjar Singh Bhangi** (died early 1790) was a Sikh warrior and one of the triumvirates who ruled over Lahore prior to the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
Rishabh Shukla

**Rishabh Shukla** (_R̥ṣabha Śuklā_) is an Indian film and television actor and a voice-dubbing artist, who speaks Hindi as his mother tongue language. On television he is most known for his role of Maharaj Shantanu in _Mahabharat_ (TV series) (1988–1990)

## Related pages

- Dubbing (filmmaking)
- List of Indian dubbing artists
Nirmal Chettri

**Nirmal Chettri** (born 21 October 1990 in Melli, Sikkim) is an Indian footballer who plays mainly as a defender and last played for Southern Samity in the Calcutta Football League.
Sai Bennett

**Sai Naomi Bennett** (born 30 May 1990) is an English actress and model. She began her career in modeling and gained prominence through her roles in the film _The Face of an Angel_ (2014) and the ITV period drama _Mr Selfridge_ (2014–2015). She has since appeared in the Starz series _The Spanish Princess_ (2020).

## Other websites

- Sai Bennett at Curtis Brown

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Sai Naomi Bennett
- **birth place**: Aldershot, England
- **years active**: 2003–present
- **children**: 1
Jo Vermast

**Jo Vermast** (born 29 September 1981 in Ostend) is a Belgium football midfielder who currently plays for KV Kortrijk. He joined MVV in 2007, he came from K.V. Kortrijk.

## Other Website

- Guardian Football
Neha Bhasin

**Neha Bhasin** (born 18 November 1982) is an Indian singer and songwriter. She is known for her playback work in Bollywood, Tollywood, Kollywood and independent songs in the genre of Indian pop and punjabi folk music. Bhasin has received seven Filmfare nominations across different languages and won two Filmfare Awards for her songs ‘‘Jag Ghoomeya’’ (Hindi) and ‘‘Paani Ravi Da’’ (Punjabi).
Shashikala Kakodkar

**Shashikala Kakodkar** (7 January 1935 – 28 October 2016), popularly known as ***Tai***; ), was a prominent leader of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party (MGP). She served as the Chief Minister of Goa, Daman and Diu on two occasions, and also was the President of the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party.