Woodrow Wilson

**Thomas Woodrow Wilson** (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was the 28th president of the United States between 1913 and 1921. He was born in Virginia and grew up in Georgia. In 1917, after the U.S. had been neutral, it got involved with the First World War. Because of Wilson, the League of Nations was founded. Therefore, he received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1919. Between 1890 and 1902, Wilson worked as professor for law at Princeton University.

He was one of the initiators of the League of Nations, the creation of which he strongly supported. He died of a stroke in Washington DC at the age of 67.

## Life

Woodrow Wilson, son of Joseph Ruggles Wilson and Janet "Jessie" Woodrow Wilson, was born in Staunton, Virginia, United States. Wilson's father was a Presbyterian minister. Wilson had one brother and two sisters. He studied from 1875 to 1879 at the University of Princeton in New Jersey. Between 1879 and 1883, Wilson studied law at the University of Virginia. In 1885, he did a doctorate at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. His dissertation was about the "Congressional Government". In the same year, Wilson was married to Ellen Louise Axson.

Wilson started to teach political science at Princeton University in 1886. He became the director of Princeton University in 1902. Wilson kept in this position until 1910. Wilson's goal was to change the pedagogical system, the social system and the style of the campus.

## Political career

He was elected to be the Governor of New Jersey for the Democratic Party in 1911. On November 4, 1912, Wilson was elected the 28th President of the United States. He won with 42% against the incumbent president William Howard Taft. His time being president started in March 1913.

Wilson mostly handled domestic matters during his first term. He passed laws to prevent monopolies from forming, started a few business regulations, passed laws to help farmers and workers, and created the Federal Reserve. During his second term, he also helped women gain the right to vote.

In 1914, his wife Ellen died of Bright's Disease. His doctor, Cary Grayson, introduced him to a girl named Edith Galt, whose husband was also dead. After two months they fell in love and got married. For a long time he focused on her instead of his job as president. But soon, he got back to work.

In 1915 the Wilson Administration laid plans to mobilize government unemployment relief, but this proved unnecessary as economic prosperity rose. This was helped by European demand for various goods provided by America. In 1917, Wilson entered the country into World War One. America was previously neutral, but German submarines kept sinking American ships sailing in British waters and even tried to encourage Mexico to invade the United States, which was the final straw for Wilson. World War One was a war between the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire) and the Allied Powers (England, France, and Italy). America was on the Allies' side. The Allies won the war a year later.

Wilson took a ship to Europe to talk with the leaders of the other Allies about what to do with Germany. They came up with the Treaty of Versailles. A part of the Treaty of Versailles said that there will be a group of countries called the League of Nations. A lot of people in America did not like the League of Nations because they thought that it was none of America's business to mess with other countries' problems.

Wilson's political enemy, Senator Henry Lodge from Massachusetts, made a different version of the Treaty of Versailles. Even though Wilson was very sick, he traveled around the country asking people to like the Treaty and the League. Wilson ended up having a stroke. It was the first time he had one. It was very bad and Wilson was not able to run the country as best he could. His thinking also was not great because of the stroke. But, he stayed President and told Congress not to vote for Henry Lodge's new treaty. Congress listened but also said no to Wilson's treaty.

Wilson received criticism for many of his decisions.  Theodore Roosevelt criticized him for entering the war too late.

Wilson nationalized private industries such as the telegraph, telephone, railroad, and prices rose exponentially. As prices began to rise, a recession set in and racial riots began leading to 150 deaths. His inability to subside racial struggles and the creation of the federal reserve make him one of the most consequential presidents of all time.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: President Woodrow Wilson Harris & Ewing (3x4 cropped b).jpg
- **caption**: Wilson in 1914
- **order**: 28th
- **office**: President of the United States
- **vicepresident**: Thomas R. Marshall
- **term start**: March 4, 1913
- **term end**: March 4, 1921
- **predecessor**: William Howard Taft
- **successor**: Warren G. Harding
- **order1**: 38th
- **office1**: Governor of New Jersey
- **term start1**: January 17, 1911
- **term end1**: March 1, 1913
- **predecessor1**: John Franklin Fort
- **successor1**: James Fairman Fielder
- **office3**: 13th List of presidents of Princeton University, President of Princeton University
- **term start3**: October 25, 1902
- **term end3**: October 21, 1910
- **predecessor3**: Francis Patton
- **successor3**: John Grier Hibben
- **birth name**: Thomas Woodrow Wilson
- **birth place**: Staunton, Virginia, U.S.
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **resting place**: Washington National Cathedral
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **father**: Joseph Ruggles Wilson
- **mother**: Jessie Janet Woodrow Wilson, Jessie Janet Woodrow
- **awards**: Nobel Peace Prize (1919)
- **signature**: Woodrow Wilson Signature 2.svg
- **signature alt**: Cursive signature in ink