juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Healthcare in the United Kingdom

Most **healthcare in the United Kingdom** comes from the National Health Service. NHS treatment is free. There are charges for prescription<nowiki/>s, dentistry and glasses, but not everybody has to pay. The  UK spent about 20% less per person than similar countries from 2010 to 2022.

In 2023 the Institute for Fiscal Studies produced a report saying that the number of people working for the NHS in England will rise from around 1.5 million in 2021-22 to between 2.3 and 2.4 million in 2036-37. That would be about one in 11 workers and half of all public sector workers.

People can pay for medical treatment.  Some people pay because they dont want to wait.  The NHS does not do cosmetic treatment. It will not do things the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence does not consider good value.  Dentists and opticians are private businesses which mostly offer private treatment as well as NHS treatment. General practitioners are mostly private businesses but very few do private work.

NHS hospitals are allowed to do private work. It must not be more than 50% of their income. Only a few specialist NHS hospitals in London do a lot of private work.

In 2022 about 1.7 million people in the UK had private health insurance.

In 2020 there were 187 private hospitals in the United Kingdom with 7956 beds.

- HCA Healthcare has over 30 facilities in London and Manchester. It is the largest private hospital group.
- Spire Healthcare is the second largest private hospital group.  It had 39 hospitals with 1870 beds.
- Cleveland Clinic has a 184-bed hospital in London and a large clinic.
66,000 of the 200,000 non-NHS patients treated in the private hospitals between July and September 2022 paid themselves. The rest were covered by health insurance. Most of the private hospitals do work for the NHS as well as that paid for privately.  As most do not have intensive care units they mostly do easier work on people who are younger and healthier so the NHS is left with the more difficult work. If things go wrong with private patients they may have to be sent by ambulance to an NHS hospital.

The number of people waiting a long time for tests or operations has gone up, so more people are paying for them to be done privately.

A lot more mental health care is run commercially than physical care. About 30% of mental health hospital beds are private, and 97% of "locked ward rehabilitation" beds.  Almost all of this is paid for by the NHS.
  There were 238 independent NHS mental health services in England in 2022. The Care Quality Commission said 64 were not very good. Cygnet Health Care is the biggest.  It runs services in 130 places in England.  There have been many bad things happen in them.  NHS England pays directly for some of them.  They are not happy with the services.

Long term care in nursing homes in England is almost all private.

## Related pages

- Pharmacy in the United Kingdom
- Dentistry in the United Kingdom
William Heirens

**William Heirens**, known as the **lipstick killer**, was a convicted murderer of three females (Josephine Ross, 43, Frances Brown, 33, and Suzanne Degnan, 6). He was sentenced to life imprisonment, after a notorious message written in lipstick.

On June 26, 1946, 17-year-old William Heirens was arrested for attempted burglary.

According to Heirens, he drifted into unconsciousness under questioning and was interrogated around the clock for six consecutive days, beaten, and starved. He was not allowed to see his parents for four days. He was also refused the opportunity to speak to a lawyer for six days.
Stefon Diggs

**Stefon Marsean Diggs** (born November 29, 1993) is an American football wide receiver for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Maryland. He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the fifth round of the 2015 NFL Draft.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Stefon Diggs
- **image**: Stefon Diggs SEP2021 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Diggs with the Buffalo Bills in 2021
- **number**: 14
- **current team**: Buffalo Bills
- **position**: Wide receiver
- **birth place**: Alexandria, Virginia, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lbs**: 191
- **high school**: Our Lady of Good Counsel High School (Maryland), Our Lady of Good Counsel
(Olney, Maryland)
- **college**: Maryland Terrapins football, Maryland (2012–2014)
- **draftyear**: 2015
- **draftround**: 5
- **draftpick**: 146
- **pastteams**: * Minnesota Vikings (–)
* Buffalo Bills (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * First-team All-Pro (2020 All-Pro Team, 2020)
* Second-team All-Pro (2022 All-Pro Team, 2022)
* 3× Pro Bowl (2021 Pro Bowl, 2020–2023 Pro Bowl Games, 2022)
* List of National Football League season receptions leaders, NFL receptions leader (2020)
* List of National Football League season receiving yards leaders, NFL receiving yards leader (2020)
* PFWA All-Rookie Team (PFWA All-Rookie Team#2015, 2015)
* Second-team All-Big Ten Conference, Big Ten (2014)
- **statleague**: NFL
- **statweek**: 18
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Reception (American football), Receptions
- **statvalue1**: 703
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue2**: 8,812
- **statlabel3**: Touchdown, Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue3**: 59
- **nflnew**: Stefon-Diggs
- **pfr**: DiggSt00
Tremaine Edmunds

**Fe'Zahn Tremaine Edmunds** (born May 2, 1998) is an American football linebacker for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Virginia Tech and was drafted by the Bills in the first round of the 2018 NFL Draft.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Tremaine Edmunds
- **image**: Tremaine Edmunds 88 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Edmunds with the Buffalo Bills in 2021
- **current team**: Buffalo Bills
- **number**: 49
- **position**: Linebacker
- **birth place**: Danville, Virginia, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lb**: 250
- **high school**: Dan River High School, Dan River (Ringgold, Virginia)
- **college**: Virginia Tech Hokies football, Virginia Tech (2015–2017)
- **draftyear**: 2018
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 16
- **pastteams**: * Buffalo Bills (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * 2× Pro Bowl (2020 Pro Bowl, 2019, 2021 Pro Bowl, 2020)
* First-team All-Atlantic Coast Conference, ACC (2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season#All-conference teams, 2017)
* Second-team All-ACC (2016 Atlantic Coast Conference football season#All-conference teams, 2016)
- **statleague**: NFL
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statweek**: 13
- **statlabel1**: Tackle (football move), Total tackles
- **statvalue1**: 534
- **statlabel2**: Quarterback sack, Sacks
- **statvalue2**: 6.5
- **statlabel3**: Fumble, Forced fumbles
- **statvalue3**: 2
- **statlabel4**: Fumble, Fumble recoveries
- **statlabel5**: Interceptions
- **statvalue5**: 5
- **statlabel6**: Pass deflected, Pass deflections
- **statvalue6**: 32
- **nflnew**: Tremaine-Edmunds
- **pfr**: EdmuTr01
Dawson Knox

**Dawson Alan Knox** (born November 14, 1996) is an American football tight end for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Ole Miss.

## Other websites

- Buffalo Bills bio
- Ole Miss Rebels bio

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Dawson Knox
- **image**: Dawson Knox 2022 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Knox with the Buffalo Bills in 2022
- **current team**: Buffalo Bills
- **number**: 88
- **position**: Tight end
- **birth place**: Brentwood, Tennessee, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lb**: 254
- **high school**: Brentwood Academy
- **college**: Ole Miss Rebels football, Ole Miss (2015–2018)
- **draftyear**: 2019
- **draftround**: 3
- **draftpick**: 96
- **pastteams**: * Buffalo Bills (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * Pro Bowl (2023 Pro Bowl Games, 2022)
- **statleague**: NFL
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Reception (American football), Receptions
- **statvalue1**: 149
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue2**: 1,780
- **statlabel3**: Touchdowns, Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue3**: 20
- **nflnew**: Dawson-Knox
- **pfr**: KnoxDa00
Tyler Bass

**Tyler Bass** (born February 14, 1997) is an American football placekicker for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Georgia Southern and was drafted by the Bills in the sixth round of the 2020 NFL Draft.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Tyler Bass
- **image**: Tyler Bass (51528385837) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Bass with the Buffalo Bills in 2021
- **current team**: Buffalo Bills
- **number**: 2
- **position**: Placekicker
- **birth place**: Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 183
- **high school**: Dutch Fork High School, Dutch Fork
(Irmo, South Carolina)
- **college**: Georgia Southern Eagles football, Georgia Southern (2015–2019)
- **draftyear**: 2020
- **draftround**: 6
- **draftpick**: 188
- **pastteams**: * Buffalo Bills (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * First-team All-Sun Belt Conference, Sun Belt (2018 Sun Belt Conference football season#All-Conference Teams, 2018)
* 2× Second-team All-Sun Belt Conference, Sun Belt (2017 Sun Belt Conference football season#All-Conference Teams, 2017, 2019 Sun Belt Conference football season#All-conference teams, 2019)
;NFL record
* Most 50+ yard field goals in a game: 3 (tied)
- **statleague**: NFL
- **statweek**: 18
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Field goal (American and Canadian football), Field goals made
- **statvalue1**: 83
- **statlabel2**: Field goals attempted
- **statvalue2**: 97
- **statlabel3**: Field goal %
- **statvalue3**: 85.6
- **statlabel4**: Longest field goal
- **statvalue4**: 58
- **statlabel5**: Touchbacks
- **statvalue5**: 170
- **nflnew**: Tyler-Bass
- **pfr**: BassTy00
N'Keal Harry

**N'Keal Harry** (born December 17, 1997) is an American football wide receiver for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Arizona State. He was selected by the New England Patriots as the final first round pick of the 2019 NFL Draft. Harry spent his first three seasons with the Patriots before being traded to the Bears in 2022.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: N'Keal Harry
- **current team**: Chicago Bears
- **number**: 8
- **position**: Wide receiver
- **birth place**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 228
- **high school**: Chandler High School (Chandler, Arizona), Chandler (AZ)
- **college**: Arizona State Sun Devils football, Arizona State (2016–2018)
- **draftyear**: 2019
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 32
- **pastteams**: * New England Patriots (–)
* Chicago Bears (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * 2× First-team All-Pac-12 Conference, Pac-12 (2017 All-Pac-12 Conference football team, 2017, 2018 All-Pac-12 Conference football team, 2018)
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Reception (gridiron football), Receptions
- **statvalue1**: 64
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue2**: 714
- **statlabel3**: Touchdowns, Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue3**: 5
- **nflnew**: n-keal-harry
- **pfr**: HarrNK00
Equanimeous St. Brown

**Equanimeous Tristan Imhotep J. St. Brown** (born September 30, 1996) is an American football wide receiver for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Notre Dame and was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the sixth round of the 2018 NFL Draft.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Equanimeous St. Brown
- **current team**: Chicago Bears
- **number**: 19
- **position**: Wide receiver
- **birth place**: Placentia, California, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lb**: 214
- **high school**: Servite High School, Servite
(Anaheim, California)
- **college**: Notre Dame Fighting Irish football, Notre Dame (2015–2017)
- **draftyear**: 2018
- **draftround**: 6
- **draftpick**: 207
- **pastteams**: * Green Bay Packers (–)
* Chicago Bears (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Reception (gridiron football), Receptions
- **statvalue1**: 58
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue2**: 866
- **statlabel3**: Touchdown, Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue3**: 2
- **nflnew**: equanimeous-st-brown
- **pfr**: S/St.BEq00
Chase Claypool

**Chase Claypool** (born July 7, 1998) is a Canadian professional American football wide receiver for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Notre Dame and was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the second round of the 2020 NFL Draft.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Chase Claypool
- **image**: Chase Claypool.jpg
- **caption**: Claypool with the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2021
- **current team**: Miami Dolphins
- **number**: 84
- **position**: Wide receiver
- **birth place**: Abbotsford, British Columbia, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lb**: 238
- **high school**: Abbotsford Senior Secondary School (Abbotsford)
- **college**: Notre Dame Fighting Irish football, Notre Dame (2016–2019)
- **draftyear**: 2020
- **draftround**: 2
- **draftpick**: 49
- **pastteams**: * Pittsburgh Steelers (–)
* Chicago Bears (–)
* Miami Dolphins (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * PFWA All-Rookie Team (PFWA All-Rookie Team#2020, 2020)
- **statleague**: NFL
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Reception (American football), Receptions
- **statvalue1**: 167
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue2**: 2,184
- **statlabel3**: Touchdown, Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue3**: 12
- **statlabel4**: Rushing yards
- **statvalue4**: 171
- **statlabel5**: Touchdown, Rushing touchdowns
- **statvalue5**: 2
- **nfl**: Chase-Claypool
- **pfr**: ClayCh01
Josh Allen (offensive lineman)

**Josh Nathanial Allen** (born December 30, 1991) is a former American football center. He played college football at the University of Louisiana at Monroe and attended Cedar Hill High School in Cedar Hill, Texas. He has been a member of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Green Bay Packers, San Francisco 49ers, Arizona Cardinals, Arizona Hotshots, and Dallas Renegades.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Josh Allen
- **number**: 61, 65, 66
- **position**: Center (gridiron football), Center
- **birth place**: Dallas, Dallas, Texas
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lbs**: 314
- **high school**: Cedar Hill High School, Cedar Hill (Cedar Hill, Texas)
- **college**: Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks football, Louisiana–Monroe
- **undraftedyear**: 2014
- **pastteams**: * Tampa Bay Buccaneers ()*
* Green Bay Packers ()*
* Tampa Bay Buccaneers (–)
* San Francisco 49ers ()
* Tampa Bay Buccaneers (–)*
* Calgary Stampeders ()*
* Arizona Cardinals ()*
* Arizona Hotshots (2019 AAF season, 2019)
* Dallas Renegades (2020 XFL season, 2020)
- **pastteamsnote**: yes
- **statlabel1**: Games played
- **statvalue1**: 3
- **statlabel2**: Games started
- **statvalue2**: 0
- **nflnew**: Josh-Allen-3
- **pfr**: A/AlleJo00
Josh Hines-Allen

**Joshua Hines-Allen** (born **Joshua Allen**; July 13, 1997) is an American football outside linebacker for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Kentucky, where he received Unanimous All-American honors, and was selected seventh overall by the Jaguars in the 2019 NFL Draft. During his rookie season, Allen was named to the Pro Bowl.

On July 9, 2024, he officially announced a name change from Joshua Allen to Joshua Hines-Allen, in honor of his sisters and uncles, who were all athletes.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Josh Hines-Allen
- **image**: Josh Allen OLB 2022.jpg
- **caption**: Hines-Allen with the Jacksonville Jaguars in 2022
- **current team**: Jacksonville Jaguars
- **number**: 41
- **position**: Outside linebacker
- **birth place**: Cumberland County, Virginia, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lb**: 262
- **high school**: Montclair High School (New Jersey), Montclair (Montclair, New Jersey)
- **college**: Kentucky Wildcats football, Kentucky (2015–2018)
- **draftyear**: 2019
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 7
- **pastteams**: * Jacksonville Jaguars (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * Pro Bowl (2020 Pro Bowl, 2019)
* PFWA All-Rookie Team (PFWA All-Rookie Team#2019, 2019)
* Chuck Bednarik Award (2018)
* Lott Trophy (2018)
* Bronko Nagurski Trophy (2018)
* Lambert Award, Jack Lambert Trophy (2018)
* SEC Defensive Player of the Year (2018)
* Unanimous All-American (2018 College Football All-America Team, 2018)
* First-team All-Southeastern Conference, SEC (2018 All-SEC football team, 2018)
* Second-team All-SEC (2017 All-SEC football team, 2017)
- **statleague**: NFL
- **statweek**: 18
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Tackle (football move), Total tackles
- **statvalue1**: 185
- **statlabel2**: Quarterback sacks, Sacks
- **statvalue2**: 26.5
- **statlabel3**: Pass deflections
- **statvalue3**: 7
- **statlabel4**: Interceptions
- **statvalue4**: 1
- **statlabel5**: Forced Fumble, fumbles
- **statvalue5**: 7
- **statlabel6**: Fumble recovery, Fumble recoveries
- **statvalue6**: 2
- **statlabel7**: Touchdown, Touchdowns
- **statvalue7**: 1
- **nfl**: josh-hines-allen
- **pfr**: AlleJo03
DK Metcalf

**DeKaylin Zecharius** "**DK**" **Metcalf** (born December 14, 1997) is an American football wide receiver for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Ole Miss. He is the son of former NFL guard Terrence Metcalf.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: DK Metcalf
- **image**: DK Metcalf with mask.jpg
- **caption**: Metcalf with the Seattle Seahawks in 2020
- **alt**: DK Metcalf
- **current team**: Seattle Seahawks
- **number**: 14
- **position**: Wide receiver
- **birth place**: Oxford, Mississippi, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lb**: 235
- **high school**: Oxford High School (Oxford, Mississippi), Oxford (MS)
- **college**: Ole Miss Rebels football, Ole Miss (2016–2018)
- **draftyear**: 2019
- **draftround**: 2
- **draftpick**: 64
- **pastteams**: * Seattle Seahawks (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * Second-team All-Pro (2020 All-Pro Team, 2020)
* Pro Bowl (2021 Pro Bowl, 2020)
- **statleague**: NFL
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Reception (American football), Receptions
- **statvalue1**: 306
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue2**: 4,218
- **statlabel3**: Touchdown, Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue3**: 35
- **nflnew**: d-k-metcalf
- **pfr**: MetcDK00
Kenneth Walker III (running back)

**Kenneth Walker III** (born October 20, 2000) is an American football running back for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Wake Forest and Michigan State. He won the Walter Camp and Doak Walker Awards in 2021.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Kenneth Walker III
- **image**: KennethWalkerIII.jpg
- **caption**: Walker (#9) with Michigan State in 2021
- **current team**: Seattle Seahawks
- **number**: 9
- **position**: Running back
- **birth place**: Arlington, Tennessee, U.S.
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 9
- **weight lb**: 211
- **high school**: Arlington High School (Tennessee), Arlington (Arlington, Tennessee)
- **draftyear**: 2022
- **draftround**: 2
- **draftpick**: 41
- **pastteams**: * Seattle Seahawks (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * PFWA All-Rookie Team (PFWA All-Rookie Team#2022, 2022)
* Walter Camp Award (2021)
* Doak Walker Award (2021)
* Unanimous All-American (2021 College Football All-America Team, 2021)
* First-team All-Big Ten (2021 All-Big Ten Conference football team, 2021)
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Rushing yards
- **statvalue1**: 1,055
- **statlabel2**: Average, Rushing average
- **statvalue2**: 4.6
- **statlabel3**: Touchdown, Rushing touchdowns
- **statvalue3**: 9
- **statlabel4**: Reception (American football), Receptions
- **statvalue4**: 27
- **statlabel5**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue5**: 165
- **statlabel6**: Touchdown, Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue6**: 0
- **nfl**: kenneth-walker-iii
- **pfr**: WalkKe00
Kenneth Walker III (wide receiver)

**Kenneth Walker III** (born April 1, 1994) is an American football wide receiver. He played college football for the UCLA Bruins from 2012 to 2016. He was also a sprinter on the UCLA track and field team. Walker played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL) in 2019 and for the Pittsburgh Maulers of the United States Football League (USFL) in 2022.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Kenneth Walker III
- **position**: Wide receiver
- **birth place**: Stockton, California, U.S.
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 9
- **weight lbs**: 188
- **high school**: John F. Kennedy High School (Richmond, California), John F. Kennedy (Richmond, California)
- **college**: UCLA Bruins football, UCLA
- **undraftedyear**: 2017
- **pastteams**: * Jacksonville Jaguars ()*
* Arizona Hotshots (2019 AAF season, 2019)*
* Winnipeg Blue Bombers ()
* Pittsburgh Maulers (2022), Pittsburgh Maulers (2022 USFL season, 2022)
- **statlabel1**: Receptions
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statlabel3**: Touchdowns
- **statlabel4**: Rushing attempts
- **statlabel5**: Rushing yards
- **nflnew**: kennethwalker/2559277
Geno Smith

**Eugene Cyril** "**Geno**" **Smith III** (born October 10, 1990) is an American football quarterback for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at West Virginia, leading the Mountaineers to multiple bowl games, breaking numerous passing records, and garnering multiple awards before getting drafted by the New York Jets in the second round of the 2013 NFL Draft.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Geno Smith
- **image**: Geno Smith Seahawks.jpg
- **caption**: Smith with the Seahawks in 2021
- **current team**: Seattle Seahawks
- **number**: 7
- **position**: Quarterback
- **birth place**: Miramar, Florida, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lbs**: 221
- **high school**: Miramar High School, Miramar (Miramar, Florida)
- **college**: West Virginia Mountaineers football, West Virginia (2009–2012)
- **draftyear**: 2013
- **draftround**: 2
- **draftpick**: 39
- **pastteams**: * New York Jets ()
* New York Giants ()
* Los Angeles Chargers ()
* Seattle Seahawks (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * National Football League Comeback Player of the Year Award, NFL Comeback Player of the Year (12th Annual NFL Honors, 2022)
* Pro Bowl (2023 Pro Bowl, 2022)
* List of National Football League annual pass completion percentage leaders, NFL completion percentage leader (2022)
* First-team All-Big East Conference (1979–2013), Big East (2011)
* Second-team All-Big East (2010)
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Passing attempts
- **statvalue1**: 1,578
- **statlabel2**: Passing completions
- **statvalue2**: 991
- **statlabel3**: Completion percentage
- **statvalue3**: 62.8%
- **statlabel4**: Touchdown, TD–Interception, INT
- **statvalue4**: 64–48
- **statlabel5**: Passing yards
- **statvalue5**: 11,199
- **statlabel6**: Passer rating
- **statvalue6**: 84.8
- **statlabel7**: Rushing yards
- **statvalue7**: 1,067
- **statlabel8**: Touchdown, Rushing touchdowns
- **statvalue8**: 9
- **nflnew**: geno-smith
- **pfr**: SmitGe00
Caspar Richter

**Caspar Richter** (16 September 1944 – 2 February 2023) was a German conductor. He was the chief conductor of the Vereinigte Bühnen Wien for 23 years.
Justin Herbert

**Justin Patrick Herbert** (born March 10, 1998) is an American football plyer. He is currently the starting quarterback for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Oregon, where he won the 2019 Pac-12 Championship and was named MVP of the 2020 Rose Bowl. He was selected by the Chargers sixth overall in the 2020 NFL Draft.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Justin Herbert
- **image**: Justin Herbert 2021.jpg
- **caption**: Herbert with the Los Angeles Chargers in 2021
- **current team**: Los Angeles Chargers
- **number**: 10
- **position**: Quarterback
- **birth place**: Eugene, Oregon, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 6
- **weight lb**: 236
- **high school**: Sheldon High School (Oregon), Sheldon (Eugene, Oregon)
- **college**: Oregon Ducks football, Oregon (2016–2019)
- **draftyear**: 2020
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 6
- **pastteams**: * Los Angeles Chargers (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year (2020)
* Pro Bowl (2022 Pro Bowl, 2021)
* PFWA All-Rookie Team (PFWA All-Rookie Team#2020, 2020)
* William V. Campbell Trophy (2019)
;NFL records
* Most passing touchdowns by a rookie quarterback: 31
* Most passing yards per game by a rookie quarterback: 289.1
* Most completions by a rookie quarterback: 396
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Passing attempts
- **statvalue1**: 1,966
- **statlabel2**: Passing completions
- **statvalue2**: 1,316
- **statlabel3**: Completion percentage
- **statvalue3**: 66.9%
- **statlabel4**: Touchdown, TD–Interception, INT
- **statvalue4**: 94–35
- **statlabel5**: Passing yards
- **statvalue5**: 14,089
- **statlabel6**: Passer rating
- **statvalue6**: 96.2
- **nflnew**: Justin-Herbert
- **pfr**: HerbJu00
Asante Samuel Jr.

**Asante Samuel Jr.** (born October 3, 1999) is an American football cornerback for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Florida State and was drafted by the Chargers in the second round of the 2021 NFL Draft. He is the son of former NFL cornerback Asante Samuel.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Asante Samuel Jr.
- **image**: Asante Samuel Jr. Ravens vs Chargers - 51603164290 OCT2021 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Samuel in 2021
- **current team**: Los Angeles Chargers
- **number**: 26
- **position**: Cornerback
- **birth place**: Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 180
- **high school**: St. Thomas Aquinas High School (Florida), St. Thomas Aquinas (Fort Lauderdale, Florida)
- **college**: Florida State Seminoles football, Florida State (2018–2020)
- **draftyear**: 2021
- **draftround**: 2
- **draftpick**: 47
- **pastteams**: * Los Angeles Chargers (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * First-team All-Atlantic Coast Conference, ACC (2020 Atlantic Coast Conference football season#All Conference Teams, 2020)
* Third-team All-ACC (2019 Atlantic Coast Conference football season#All Conference Teams, 2019)
- **statweek**: 18
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Tackle (football move), Total tackles
- **statvalue1**: 100
- **statlabel2**: Fumble, Forced fumbles
- **statvalue2**: 0
- **statlabel3**: Fumble, Fumble recoveries
- **statvalue3**: 1
- **statlabel4**: Pass deflections
- **statvalue4**: 22
- **statlabel5**: Interceptions
- **statvalue5**: 5
- **nfl**: asante-samuel-jr
- **pfr**: S/SamuAs00
Joey Bosa

**Joseph Anthony Bosa** (; born July 11, 1995) is an American football outside linebacker for the Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Ohio State and was selected third overall by the (then San Diego) Chargers in the 2016 NFL Draft, where he was named NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year. Bosa has since been seen as one of the best pass rushers in the NFL. He is the son of former NFL player John Bosa and the older brother of current NFL player Nick Bosa.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Joey Bosa
- **image**: Joey Bosa 2021.jpg
- **caption**: Bosa with the Los Angeles Chargers in 2021
- **current team**: Los Angeles Chargers
- **number**: 97
- **position**: Outside linebacker
- **birth place**: Fort Lauderdale, Florida, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lbs**: 280
- **high school**: St. Thomas Aquinas High School (Florida), St. Thomas Aquinas
(Fort Lauderdale, Florida)
- **college**: Ohio State Buckeyes football, Ohio State (2013–2015)
- **draftyear**: 2016
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 3
- **pastteams**: * History of the San Diego Chargers, San Diego / Los Angeles Chargers (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year (2016)
* 4× Pro Bowl (2018 Pro Bowl, 2017, 2020 Pro Bowl, 2019–2022 Pro Bowl, 2021)
* PFWA All-Rookie Team (PFWA All-Rookie Team#2016, 2016)
* College Football Playoff National Championship, CFP national champion (2015 College Football Playoff National Championship, 2014)
* Unanimous All-American (2014 College Football All-America Team, 2014)
* Consensus All-American (2015 College Football All-America Team, 2015)
* 2× First-team All-Big Ten Conference, Big Ten (2014 All-Big Ten Conference football team, 2014, 2015 All-Big Ten Conference football team, 2015)
* Bill Willis Trophy (2014)
- **statweek**: 18
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Tackle (football move), Total tackles
- **statvalue1**: 301
- **statlabel2**: Quarterback sack, Sacks
- **statvalue2**: 60.5
- **statlabel3**: Fumble, Forced fumbles
- **statvalue3**: 14
- **statlabel4**: Fumble, Fumble recoveries
- **statvalue4**: 3
- **statlabel5**: Pass deflections
- **statvalue5**: 2
- **nflnew**: Joey-Bosa
- **pfr**: BosaJo00
Jamaal Williams

**Jamaal Malik Williams** (born April 3, 1995) is an American football running back for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at BYU and was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fourth round of the 2017 NFL Draft.

## Other websites

- Detroit Lions bio
- BYU Cougars bio

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Jamaal Williams
- **image**: Jamaal Williams Commanders-Lions SEP2022.jpg
- **caption**: Williams with the Lions in 2022
- **current team**: Detroit Lions
- **number**: 30
- **position**: Running back
- **birth place**: Rialto, California, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lbs**: 224
- **high school**: Summit High School (Fontana, California), Summit (Fontana, California)
- **college**: BYU Cougars football, BYU (2012–2016)
- **draftyear**: 2017
- **draftround**: 4
- **draftpick**: 134
- **pastteams**: * Green Bay Packers ()
* Detroit Lions (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * List of National Football League season rushing touchdowns leaders, NFL rushing touchdowns leader (2022 NFL season, 2022)
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Carry (gridiron football), Rushing yards
- **statvalue1**: 3,652
- **statlabel2**: Average, Rushing average
- **statvalue2**: 4.0
- **statlabel3**: Touchdown, Rushing touchdowns
- **statvalue3**: 30
- **statlabel4**: Reception (gridiron football), Receptions
- **statvalue4**: 160
- **statlabel5**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue5**: 1,191
- **statlabel6**: Touchdown, Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue6**: 8
- **nflnew**: jamaal-williams
- **pfr**: W/WillJa06
Amani Oruwariye

**Amani Oruwariye** (born February 9, 1996) is an American football cornerback for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Penn State.

## Other websites

- Penn State Nittany Lions bio

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Amani Oruwariye
- **image**: Amani Oruwariye (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Oruwariye in 2019
- **current team**: Detroit Lions
- **number**: 24
- **position**: Cornerback
- **birth place**: St. Petersburg, Florida, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 202
- **high school**: Gaither High School, Gaither (Tampa, Florida)
- **college**: Penn State Nittany Lions football, Penn State (2014–2018)
- **draftyear**: 2019
- **draftround**: 5
- **draftpick**: 146
- **pastteams**: * Detroit Lions (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * First-team All-Big Ten (2018 Big Ten Conference football season, 2018)
* Second-team All-Big Ten (2017 Big Ten Conference football season, 2017)
- **statleague**: NFL
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Tackle (football move), Total tackles
- **statvalue1**: 173
- **statlabel2**: Pass deflected, Pass deflections
- **statvalue2**: 19
- **statlabel3**: Interceptions
- **statvalue3**: 9
- **statlabel4**: Fumble, Forced fumbles
- **statlabel5**: Fumble, Fumble recoveries
- **statvalue5**: 2
- **statlabel6**: Touchdown, Defensive touchdowns
- **nflnew**: Amani-Oruwariye
- **pfr**: O/OruwAm00
Malcolm Rodriguez

**Malcolm Luciano Rodriguez** (born March 29, 1999) is an American football linebacker for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Oklahoma State.

## Other websites

- Detroit Lions bio
- Oklahoma State Cowboys bio

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Malcolm Rodriguez
- **image**: Malcolm Rodriguez (52480669608) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Rodriguez with the Detroit Lions in 2022
- **current team**: Detroit Lions
- **number**: 44
- **position**: Linebacker
- **birth place**: Tahlequah, Oklahoma, U.S.
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lbs**: 230
- **high school**: Wagoner High School, Wagoner
 (Wagoner, Oklahoma)
- **college**: Oklahoma State Cowboys football, Oklahoma State (2017–2021)
- **draftyear**: 2022
- **draftround**: 6
- **draftpick**: 188
- **pastteams**: * Detroit Lions (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * PFWA All-Rookie Team (PFWA All-Rookie Team#2022, 2022)
* First-team All-Big 12 Conference, Big 12 (2021 All-Big 12 Conference football team, 2021)
* Second-team All-Big 12 (2020 All-Big 12 Conference football team, 2020)
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Tackle (football move), Total tackles
- **statvalue1**: 87
- **statlabel2**: Quarterback sack, Sacks
- **statvalue2**: 1.0
- **statlabel3**: Fumble, Forced fumbles
- **statvalue3**: 1
- **statlabel4**: Fumble, Fumble recoveries
- **statvalue4**: 1
- **statlabel5**: Pass deflections
- **statvalue5**: 2
- **statlabel6**: Interceptions
- **statvalue6**: 0
- **nfl**: Malcolm-Rodriguez
- **pfr**: RodrMa00
Dan Campbell

**Daniel Allen Campbell** (born April 13, 1976), nicknamed **"Motor City Dan Campbell"**, or **"MCDC"** for short, is an American football coach and a former tight end who is the head coach for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as the assistant head coach and tight ends coach for the New Orleans Saints from 2016 to 2020 and also served as an assistant coach for the Miami Dolphins from 2010 to 2015, most recently as the interim head coach and tight ends coach.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Dan Campbell
- **image**: Detroit Lions head coach Dan Campbell.jpg
- **caption**: Campbell with the Detroit Lions in 2021
- **current team**: Detroit Lions
- **position**: Head coach
- **birth place**: Clifton, Texas, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lbs**: 265
- **high school**: Glen Rose Independent School District, Glen Rose (TX)
- **college**: Texas A&M Aggies football, Texas A&M (1995–1998)
- **draftyear**: 1999
- **draftround**: 3
- **draftpick**: 79
- **pastteams**: * New York Giants (–)
* Dallas Cowboys (–)
* Detroit Lions (–)
* New Orleans Saints ()
- **pastcoaching**: * Miami Dolphins ()
Coaching intern
* Miami Dolphins (–)
Tight ends coach
* Miami Dolphins (2015)
Interim head coach
* New Orleans Saints (–)
Assistant head coach & tight ends coach
* Detroit Lions (–present)
Head coach
- **highlights**: **As player**:
* Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl XLIV, XLIV)
- **statlabel1**: Games played
- **statvalue1**: 114
- **statlabel2**: Reception (gridiron football), Receptions
- **statvalue2**: 91
- **statlabel3**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue3**: 934
- **statlabel4**: Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue4**: 11
- **nflnew**: dan-campbell
- **pfr**: C/CampDa00
- **pfrcoach**: CampDa1
Amari Cooper

**Amari Cooper** (born June 17, 1994) is an American football wide receiver for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Alabama, where he was the Biletnikoff Award winner as the nation's top receiver and a unanimous All-American in 2014. Widely considered the top wide receiver prospect of the 2015 NFL Draft, Cooper was selected with the fourth overall pick by the Oakland Raiders.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Amari Cooper
- **image**: Amari Cooper Dallas Cowboys 2021.jpg
- **caption**: Cooper with the Dallas Cowboys in 2021
- **current team**: Cleveland Browns
- **number**: 2
- **position**: Wide receiver
- **birth place**: Miami, Florida, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lbs**: 210
- **high school**: Miami Northwestern Senior High School, Miami Northwestern
(Miami, Florida)
- **college**: Alabama Crimson Tide football, Alabama (2012–2014)
- **draftyear**: 2015
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 4
- **pastteams**: * Oakland Raiders (–)
* Dallas Cowboys (–)
* Cleveland Browns (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * 4× Pro Bowl (2016 Pro Bowl, 2015, 2017 Pro Bowl, 2016, 2019 Pro Bowl, 2018, 2020 Pro Bowl, 2019)
* PFWA All-Rookie Team (PFWA All-Rookie Team#2015, 2015)
* BCS National Championship Game, BCS national champion (2013 BCS National Championship Game, 2012)
* Biletnikoff Award (2014)
* Unanimous All-American (2014 College Football All-America Team, 2014)
* First-team All-Southeastern Conference, SEC (2014 All-SEC football team, 2014)
* SEC Offensive Player of the Year (2014)
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Reception (American football), Receptions
- **statvalue1**: 595
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue2**: 8,236
- **statlabel3**: Touchdown, Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue3**: 55
- **nfl**: amari-cooper
- **pfr**: CoopAm00
Myles Garrett

**Myles Lorenz Garrett** (born December 29, 1995) is an American football defensive end for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Texas A&M, where he received unanimous All-American honors in 2016, and was selected first overall by the Browns in the 2017 NFL Draft. Garrett has been named to four Pro Bowls and two first-team All-Pros during his NFL career.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Myles Garrett
- **image**: Myles Garrett (2021).jpg
- **caption**: Garrett with the Cleveland Browns in 2021
- **current team**: Cleveland Browns
- **number**: 95
- **position**: Defensive end
- **birth place**: Arlington, Texas, U.S.
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lbs**: 272
- **high school**: Martin High School (Arlington, Texas), Martin (Arlington, Texas)
- **college**: Texas A&M Aggies football, Texas A&M (2014–2016)
- **draftyear**: 2017
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: List of first overall National Football League draft picks, 1
- **pastteams**: * Cleveland Browns (–present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * 2× First-team All-Pro (2020 All-Pro Team, 2020, 2021 All-Pro Team, 2021)
* 2× Second-team All-Pro (2018 All-Pro Team, 2018, 2022 All-Pro Team, 2022)
* 4× Pro Bowl (2019 Pro Bowl, 2018, 2021 Pro Bowl, 2020−2023 Pro Bowl, 2022)
* PFWA All-Rookie Team (PFWA All-Rookie Team#2017, 2017)
* Bill Willis Trophy (2015)
* List of unanimous All-Americans in college football, Unanimous All-American (2016 College Football All-America Team, 2016)
* First-team All-American (2015 College Football All-America Team, 2015)
* 2× First-team All-Southeastern Conference, SEC (2015 All-SEC football team, 2015, 2016 All-SEC football team, 2016)
* Second-team All-SEC (2014 All-SEC football team, 2014)
- **statseason**: 2022
- **statlabel1**: Tackle (football move), Tackles
- **statvalue1**: 263
- **statlabel2**: Quarterback sacks, Sacks
- **statvalue2**: 74.5
- **statlabel3**: Fumble, Forced fumbles
- **statvalue3**: 13
- **statlabel4**: Fumble, Fumble recoveries
- **statvalue4**: 4
- **statlabel5**: Pass deflected, Pass deflections
- **statvalue5**: 13
- **statlabel6**: Touchdown, Defensive touchdowns
- **statvalue6**: 1
- **nflnew**: myles-garrett
- **pfr**: G/GarrMy00
Omid Ahmadisafa

**Omid Ahmadisafa** (born 24 September 1992) is an Iranian kickboxer.

In 2021,has received permission from Iran’s boxing federation to travel to Italy, where he left his hotel and never returned. He is now training and living in Germany.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Omid Ahmadisafa
- **nationality**: Iranian
- **sport**: kickboxing
Three-strikes law

**Three-strikes laws**, or **habitual offender laws**, are laws that impact the punishment for a crime. Under a three-strikes law, if a person was convicted of three serious crimes, they will have to go to prison for life after their third crime. Three-strikes laws are used in many states of the USA. They are part of the United States Justice Department's Anti-Violence Strategy.

In most states, only crimes at the felony level qualify as serious crimes. In some places, only violent felonies qualify as serious.

The expression "Three strikes and you are out" comes from baseball. If a batter gets three strikes, they strike out.

## History

The idea of giving longer prison sentences to repeat criminals is not new. Judges often consider earlier crimes when deciding the punishment. However, in most cases, laws did not require a longer prison sentence. There is a more recent history of mandatory prison sentences for repeat criminals.

During Prohibition, the state of Michigan made one of the harshest laws against carrying alcohol in the nation. The law required a life sentence for those breaking alcohol laws for the fourth time. In 1928, Etta Mae Miller, a mother of four, was found guilty under this law. People were very angry at the state.

The first true "three-strikes" law was passed in 1993, when Washington voters approved Initiative 593. California passed its own in 1994, when their voters passed Proposition 184, with 72% voting yes and 28% voting no. The initiative proposed to the voters had the title of _Three Strikes and You're Out_. This meant a person would go to prison for life after three violent or serious felonies.

The idea quickly spread to other states, but none of them chose to adopt a law as extensive as California's. By 2004, twenty-six states and the federal government had laws that can be called "three-strikes" laws. Each of these laws said that a third felony conviction brings a sentence of 20 years to life in prison. The person must serve 20 years before they can qualify for parole. A 1997 study found that in California, "the three-strikes law did not decrease serious crime or petty theft rates below the level expected on the basis of preexisting trends."
HCA Healthcare

**HCA Healthcare** is an American healthcare business started in 1968. It is based in Nashville, Tennessee.

It runs 186 hospitals and about 2,000 other services. They are mostly in the US. It is the biggest private health business in the United Kingdom where it has 30 services.  It is opening a big new private hospital in Birmingham in 2023.

56 of the hospitals in the USA are teaching hospitals.  It does a lot of education for doctors and nurses in the US.
Spire Healthcare

**Spire Healthcare Group plc** is the second-largest private healthcare company in the United Kingdom. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange.

It runs 39 private hospitals and 8 clinics across the UK, and the London Fertility Centre.    It bought The Doctors Clinic Group in December 2022. That is an occupational health service which runs 22 private GP clinics in the UK.
Alan Price

**Alan Price** (born 19 April 1942) is an English musician. He was the original keyboard player for the British band the Animals before he left to form his own band the **Alan Price Set** in the year 1965. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame museum in 1994 as a member of the Animals. He is also known for his musical work as a solo artist.

Price helped create the Animals in Newcastle, England in 1962 with Eric Burdon, Hilton Valentine, Chas Chandler, and John Steel. They gained popularity in 1964 when their song "The House of the Rising Sun" achieved great success. Price left the Animals in 1965 due to disagreements with the group lead singer Eric Burdon, such as Price refusing to give royalties to "The House of the Rising Sun" and went on to form The Alan Price Set. Price and Burdon have never officially made up, with Eric stating the last time he ever spoke or saw Price was in 1983, at an Animals reunion.

Price was involved with the work of film director Lindsay Anderson. He wrote the music for Anderson's film _O Lucky Man!_ (1973), which he performs on screen in the film and appears as himself in one part of the storyline. The score won the 1974 BAFTA Award for Best Film Music.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Alan Price
- **image**: Alan Price - the Animals (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Washington, England
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **instrument**: Keyboard
- **years active**: 1962 - present
- **associated acts**: The Animals, The Alan Price Set
Chas Chandler

**Bryan James** **Chandler** (18 December 1938 – 17 July 1996), known when performing as **Chas Chandler**, was an English musician, record producer and manager, best known as the original bassist in the British rock band The Animals, for which he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.

He played the electric bass guitar on their 1964 song "House of the Rising Sun". Chandler was a towering 6'9".

Chandler discovered and managed Jimi Hendrix from 1966 until Hendrix died in 1970, and then managed the band Slade.

Chandler died on 17 July 1996 from an aneurysm aged 57.
John Steel (drummer)

**John Steel** (born 4 February 1941) is an English musician who is the drummer for The Animals. Having served as the band's drummer at its beginning in 1963, he is the only original bandmember playing in the current formation of The Animals. He was inducted with the band into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.
Gary Talley

**Gary Talley** (born August 17 1947) is an American guitarist, known for being a member of The Box Tops. He played guitar on their 1967 song The Letter. Talley made news in 2021 when videos of him playing guitar with his mother went viral. He still performs with the Box Tops.
Bill Cunningham (musician)

**Bill Cunningham** (born January 23, 1950) is an American bass guitarist, known for being a member of The Box Tops. He played bass guitar on their 1967 song "The Letter". He still performs with the Box Tops.
John Allen (musician)

**John Allen** (born Johnathan Gordon Allen Klerk on 4 April 1947) is an English musician and producer born in Sheffield, England. He started his career as a double bass player, performing Jazz and Blues in clubs around Yorkshire, England. Allen toured the United Kingdom in the 1960s in his the group he formed called "The Top Hats" from the years 1963 to 1965. Afterwards, he moved to Scotland to work in musical producing and has since retired. He was known by his nickname "Sonny" and still regularly performs music in clubs.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: John Allen
- **birth name**: Johnathan Gordon Allen Klerk
- **alias**: John Allen
Sonny
- **birth place**: Sheffield, Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom
- **occupation**: Musician
- **instrument**: Bass
College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS

A **national championship** in the highest level of college football in the United States is a title awarded yearly. The highest level of college football is the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). The Miami Hurricanes are the greatest team to ever win it.

## Playoff

Not like others before 2014, the College Football Playoff (CFP) does not use math, polls or research to choose the teams. A 13-member committee chooses and seeds the teams. The playoff system was the first time a bracket style tournament was used to choose a national champion.

Starting in 2024, the CFP was expanded from 4 teams to 12.

## Infobox (sports league)

- **title**: National championships
NCAA Division I FBS
- **current season**: 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season
- **logo**: NCAA logo.svg
- **logo size**: 150
- **sport**: American football
- **inaugural**: 1869 college football season, 1869
- **country**: United States
- **champion**: 2025 Indiana Hoosiers football team, Indiana
- **champ season**: 2025 NCAA Division I FBS football season, 2025
- **most champs**: Princeton Tigers football, Princeton (28 titles)
- **level**: 1
- **related comps**: NCAA Division I Football Championship, Division I (FCS)