juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies

**Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies** was the first King of the united Kingdom of the Two Siclies. The Kingdom was created on 12 December 1816 having united the separate crown of Naples and Sicily. He was a member of the House of Bourbon. Before that he had been, since 1759, **Ferdinando IV** of the Kingdom of Naples and **Ferdinando III** of the Kingdom of Sicily. He was deposed twice from the throne of Naples. The first time by the French revolutionary armies in 1799 and again by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1806.

## Titles and styles

- **12 January 1751 – 10 August 1759** _His Royal Highness_ Prince Ferdinando of Naples and Sicily, Infante of Spain
- **10 August 1759 – 12 December 1816** _His Majesty_ The King of Naples and Sicily
    - **23 January 1799 – 13 June 1799** _Titular_ King of Naples
    - **30 March 1806 – 22 May 1815** _Titular_ King of Naples
- **12 December 1816 – 4 January 1825** _His Majesty_ The King of the Two Sicilies

## Family

In 1768 he married Maria Carolina of Austria. They had the following children:
- Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (1772–1807). She married Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor.
- Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily (1773–1802).
- Carlo, Duke of Calabria (1775–1778).
- Maria Anna of Naples and Sicily ("Mariana", 1775–1780).
- Francis I of the Two Sicilies (1777–1830), King of the Two Sicilies.
- Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily ("Mimi", 1779–1849), later Queen of Sardinia.
- Prince Gennaro of Naples and Sicily, ("Carlo", 1780–1789).
- Prince Giuseppe of Naples and Sicily (1781–1783).
- Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily ("Amélie", 1782–1866), Queen of the French.
- Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily ("Toto", 1784–1806).
- Maria Clotilde of Naples and Sicily ("Clotilda", (1786–1792).
- Maria Henrietta of Naples and Sicily ("Enrichetta", 1787–1792).
- Gennaro (1788–1789).
- Leopold, Prince of Salerno ("Leopoldo", 1790–1851).
- Prince Alberto of Naples and Sicily ("Alberto", 1792–1798).
- Maria Isabelle of Naples and Sicily ("Isabella", 1793–1801).

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Ferdinando I (III / IV)
- **image**: Ferdinando I.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: King Ferdinando I
- **succession**: King of the Two Sicilies
- **reign**: 12 December 1816 – 4 January 1825
- **successor**: Francis I of the Two Sicilies, Francis I
- **spouse**: Maria Carolina of Austria
Lucia Migliaccio
- **issue**: Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress
Maria Luisa, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
Prince Carlo, Duke of Calabria
Francis I of the Two Sicilies
Maria Cristina, Queen of Sardinia
Maria Amalia, Queen of the French
Maria Antonia, Princess of Asturias
Leopold, Prince of Salerno
- **issue-link**: #Issue
- **issue-pipe**: More
- **full name**: Ferdinando Antonio Pasquale Giovanni Nepomuceno Serafino Gennaro Benedetto di Borbone
- **house**: House of Bourbon, Bourbons of the Two Sicilies
- **father**: Charles III of Spain
- **mother**: Maria Amalia of Saxony
- **birth place**: Naples, Kingdom of Naples
- **death place**: Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Two Sicilies
- **burial place**: Basilica of Santa Chiara, Naples
- **religion**: Catholic Church, Roman Catholic
Judy Holliday

**Judith Tuvim** (later **Judy Holliday**; June 21, 1921 – June 7, 1965) was an American actress. She acted on the stage and in movies. In _Born Yesterday_ (both stage and movie versions), she played Billie Dawn. She received an Academy Award for Best Actress and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for this performance. She won a Tony Award for her performance in _Bells are Ringing_.

Holliday was born in New York City. She also died there from throat cancer, age 43.
R/K selection theory

**r/K selection theory** describes the way a species controls its number of offspring.

**r-selection** species produce many offspring. **K-selected** species focus on a few. Neither method is in itself superior, and they may occur in the same habitat; e.g., rodents (r-selection) and elephants (K-selection).

The theory was popular in the 1970s and 1980s, but several studies criticized it. The study of life histories has replaced the r/K selection paradigm.

The terminology of r/K-selection was coined by the ecologists Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson, based on their work on island biogeography. Study of the evolution of life history strategies actually has a longer history.
Reuven Rivlin

**Reuven Rivlin** (born 9 September 1939) was the 10th President of Israel from 2014 until 2021.

Rivlin was born in Jerusalem when it was part of British Mandatory Palestine. Before entering politics he was a lawyer. He was elected to the Jerusalem City Council in 1978. Rivlin worked for El Al Airlines serving on the executive council from 1981 to 1986. He was a member of the Knesset, the parliament of Israel, for many years, elected first in 1988. He was also speaker of the Knesset and minister of Communications of Israel. On 10th of June 2014 he won elections for the post of President of Israel.

Rivlin was married to Nechama Rivlin and has four children.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Reuven Rivlin
- **image**: Reuven Rivlin as the president of Israel.jpg
- **office**: 10th President of Israel
- **primeminister**: Benjamin Netanyahu
Naftali Bennett
- **term start**: 24 July 2014
- **predecessor**: Shimon Peres
- **successor**: Isaac Herzog
- **office1**: 14th List of Knesset speakers, Speaker of the Knesset
- **president1**: Shimon Peres
- **primeminister1**: Ehud Olmert
 Benjamin Netanyahu
- **term start1**: 10 March 2009
- **term end1**: 22 February 2013
- **predecessor1**: Dalia Itzik
- **successor1**: Yuli-Yoel Edelstein
- **president2**: Moshe Katsav
- **primeminister2**: Ariel Sharon
- **term start2**: 28 February 2003
- **term end2**: 28 March 2006
- **predecessor2**: Avraham Burg
- **successor2**: Dalia Itzik
- **office3**: Ministry of Communications (Israel), Minister of Communications
- **primeminister3**: Ariel Sharon
- **term start3**: 7 March 2001
- **term end3**: 28 February 2003
- **predecessor3**: Binyamin Ben-Eliezer
- **successor3**: Ariel Sharon
- **office4**: Member of the Knesset
- **birth place**: Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine
- **party**: Likud
- **children**: 4
- **education**: Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- **signature**: Reuven Rivlin signature.png
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2014
- **termend**: 7 July 2021


## Infobox (president styles)

- **image**:
- **name**: Reuven "Ruvi" Rivlin
- **dipstyle**: His Excellency, The Honorable

- **offstyle**: Your Excellency, Honorable President

- **altstyle**: Mr. President
Marjane Satrapi

**Marjane Satrapi** is a writer and artist. She was born on November 22, 1969 in Rasht, Iran. She lives in Paris, France. Satrapi writes comics about her life. She draws the pictures herself. She also draws pictures for other children’s books.

## Education and Early Life

She was the only child of Marxist parents.

Satrapi’s parents were educated, and taught Satrapi to think for herself. She went to high school at Lycee Francais in Tehran, Iran. When she was 14, Satrapi’s parents sent her to Vienna, Austria to learn in a freer country. When Satrapi was 19, she moved back to Iran to study decorative arts at the Tehran School of Fine Arts. The change from the western world to Iran was difficult for her. In 1994, Satrapi moved to Strasbourg, France to study art for 3 years. She now lives in Paris, France.

## Beliefs

Satrapi thinks countries should not spend money on weapons. She thinks they should spend money for kids to go to school in different countries. She thinks that studying in different countries helps people understand each other better.

In RandomHouse.com, Satrapi said, "I believe there are ways to solve the world's problems. Instead of putting all this money to create arms, I think countries should invest in scholarships for kids to study abroad [other countries]. Perhaps they could become good and knowledgeable professors in their own countries. You need time for that kind of change, though."

## Writing and the War

Iran's Islamic Revolution against the Shah, the country’s dictator, started in 1979.  Satrapi’s uncle was put in prison by the Shah, then murdered by people who supported the war.

Satrapi wrote a popular series of comics called _Persepolis_. _Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood,_ tells about Satrapi's life, the discrimination she faced, and moving to Europe.  She later wrote a sequel to _Persepolis_ that talked about how she was treated badly for years when she went back to Iran.

Satrapi’s most famous book is called _Persepolis_.

Persepolis is the old Persian capital. The comic book is about Satrapi’s childhood in Iran during the war. This time was when country wanted to end the Shah’s cruel rule. She has written three comic books relating to her life. The first and second are about her childhood. The third is about her study in different countries. She is planning to write a fourth book about her return to Iran.

## Awards

- Prix Alph'art Coup de Coeur for beginning comic artist award for _Persepolis--_ 2001

- Prix du Lion for _Persepolis--_ 2001

- Prix France Info for best news comic strip for _Persepolis--_ 2002

- Prix Alph'art for best script for _Persepolis Tome 2_—2002

- Fernando Buesa Blanco peace prize for _Persepolis_—2003

- Prix d'Angouleme for best book of the year for _Chicken and Plums_—2005

## References

- Trickey, Erick. "Marjane Satrapi." Newsmakers. Detroit: Gale, 2006. Biography in Context. Web. 12 May 2014.
- "Marjane Satrapi." Random House. Web. 15 May 2014. <http://www.randomhouse.com/author/43801/marjane-satrapi?sort=best_13wk_3month>.
- "Marjane Satrapi." Authors and Artists for Young Adults. Vol. 55. Detroit: Gale, 2004.Biography in Context. Web. 12 May 2014.
Wilma Rudolph

**Wilma Rudolph** (June 23, 1940 – November 12, 1994) was an American athlete. She lived in Clarksville, Tennessee along with 11 siblings. She was the 5th. When she was 4 years old, she had polio. She survived it, but lost the use of her left leg. Her cousins and siblings helped her massage the leg. When she turned 11 she visited the doctor's office again and was able to walk.

In high school, Rudolph became the star basketball player for her team. She also did track for 4 years and never lost a race. When she was 16 years old, she signed up for the Summer Olympics in track. She won the bronze medal in the track events. She was one of the first black women to win anything major like that. She decided to not to compete in the 1964 Olympics. She retired and became a school teacher and an athletic coach. She was a mother of 4 kids and divorced two husbands. She died on November 12, 1994, at the age of 54

## References

- "Wilma Rudolph." Contemporary Black Biography. Vol. 4. Detroit: Gale, 1993.Biography in Context. Web. 12 May 2014.
- Nadasen, Premilla. "Wilma Rudolph." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. Gale, 2006. Biography in Context. Web. 12 May 2014.
Grazing Goat Pictures

**Grazing Goat Pictures** is an Indian company that makes movies. It was started in 2012. The company was founded by actor Akshay Kumar, his wife Twinkle Khanna and Ashvini Yardi.

## History

After creating Hari Om Entertainment, Kumar want to make a production company lead by Ashvini Yardi. The company is based in Juhu, Mumbai.

Kumar and Yardi produced their first movie _OMG - Oh My God!_ with Paresh Rawal's Playtime Creationn. It did not do well when released. As people started talking about it, it did better and became very popular.

## Debut in Marathi Cinema

Twinkle Khanna and Yardi produced the first Marathi movie, 72 Miles.

## Movies

- _Singh Is Bling_ (2015)
- _Fugly_ (2014)
- _Bhaji in Problem_ (2013)
- _72 Miles_ (2013)
- _OMG - Oh My God!_ (2012)

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Grazing Goat Pictures
- **industry**: Entertainment
- **fate**: Active
- **predecessor**: Hari Om Entertainment
- **founder**: Akshay Kumar
Ashvini Yardi
- **location city**: Mumbai
- **location country**: India
- **key people**: Akshay Kumar
Ashvini Yardi
- **products**: Movies, Movie production, Movie distribution
- **parent**: Hari Om Entertainment
Akshay Kumar

**Akshay Kumar**
(born 9 September 1967) is an Indian film actor, producer and Martial artist. Kumar has appeared in over 100 films in Bollywood. He is based in Mumbai. Kumar is known for his hit movies. Kumar recently dubbed for the _Hindi version_ of the movie _Transformers: Dark of the Moon_. Kumar was the voice actor for the role of Optimus Prime. This is one of the key characters in the film. He did the dubbing role as a gift for his son, Aarav. Optimus Prime was Aarav's favorite character so Kumar did it for free. Kumar was one of the highest paid actor in Bollywood in 2022. He has established himself as a leading contemporary actor in the Hindi cinema. He is also best known for his roles in the Housefull film series.

## As a production head

In 2009, Kumar started the **Hari Om Entertainment production company**. In 2012, Kumar launched his next production house Grazing Goat Pictures. Their first production, _OMG! (Oh My God!)_, had a slow opening, but because of word of mouth it picked up and then was declared a super hit.

## Shows he starred in to do the Hindi dubbing of characters

- Ninjago - Cole (Black Ninja)
- Oggy and the Cockroaches - Dee Dee (who is known as Motu in the Nickelodeon Hindi dub of this show, in the Cartoon Network Hindi dub, his name is Paplu, and in the Sony Yay! Hindi dub, his name is Chagan)

## Other websites

- Akshay Kumar on Twitter

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Akshay Kumar
- **image**: Akshay-Kumar.jpg
- **caption**: Kumar in 2009
- **birth name**: Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia
- **birth place**: Amritsar, Punjab, India, Punjab, India
- **other names**: Akki
 Raju
 Khiladi Kumar
 Mac
 King Kumar
 Khiladi
- **citizenship**: India, Indian
- **occupation**: Actor, producer, presenter
- **years active**: 1991–present
- **children**: Aarav Bhatia
Nitara Bhatia
Shaolin Soccer

***Shaolin Soccer*** is a 2001 Hong Kong comedy movie. It was co-written and directed by Stephen Chow. He also stars in the lead role. The movie is about a former Shaolin monk. He reunites his five brothers, years after their master's death. They apply their superhuman martial arts skills to play soccer and bring Shaolin kung fu to the masses.

## Cast

- Stephen Chow as Sing (Steel Leg)
- _Zhao Wei_ as Mui
- _Lam Chi Chung_ as Light Weight Vest
- _Danny Chan_ as Empty hand
- _Tin Kai Man_ as Iron Shirt
- _Mok Mei Lam_ as Hooking Leg
- _Patrick Tse_ as Hung
- _Ng Man Tat_ as Fung
- _Wong Yat Fei_ as Iron Head

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Shaolin Soccer
- **director**: Stephen Chow
- **producer**: Yeung Kwok-Fai
- **writer**: Stephen Chow
Tsang Kan-Cheung
- **music**: Lowell Lo
Raymond Wong Ying-Wah, Raymond Wong
- **cinematography**: Kwen Pak-Huen
Ting Wo Kwong, Kwong Ting-Wo
- **editing**: Kai Kit-Wai
- **studio**: Star Overseas Ltd
 Universe Entertainment Ltd
- **distributor**: Universe Entertainment Ltd.
- **runtime**: 112 minutes
- **country**: Hong Kong
- **language**: Cantonese language, Cantonese
- **budget**: US$10,000,000
- **gross**: US$42,776,760
Kung Fu Hustle

***Kung Fu Hustle*** is a 2004 Hong Kong action comedy movie. It was directed, co-written and co-produced by Stephen Chow, who also stars in the lead role. The other producers were Chui Po-chu and Jeffrey Lau, and the screenplay was co-written with Huo Xin, Chan Man-keung, and Tsang Kan-cheung. Yuen Wah, Yuen Qiu, Danny Chan, Eva Huang and Bruce Leung co-starred in prominent roles.

## Plot

A failed member of Axe Gang wants to make big in crime world but consequences force him to go on right path

## Cast

- Stephen Chow
- Bruce Leung
- Danny Chan
- Yuen Wah
- Yuen Qiu
- Eva Huang

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Kung Fu Hustle
- **caption**: Mainland China release poster
- **director**: Stephen Chow
- **music**: Raymond Wong (composer), Raymond Wong
- **cinematography**: Poon Hang-sang
- **editing**: Angie Lam
- **studio**: Star Overseas
Beijing Film Studio
Taihe Film Investment
China Film Group
Huayi Brothers
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
Sony Pictures Classics
- **runtime**: 98 minutes
- **country**: Hong Kong
- **language**: Cantonese language, Cantonese
- **budget**: $20 million
- **gross**: $100,914,445
Vigilante 8: 2nd Offense

***Vigilante 8: 2nd Offense*** (also known as ***ヴィジランテ８〜セカンドバトル〜 (Vigilante 8 2nd Battle)*** in Japan) is a vehicular combat video game published by Activision and developed by Luxoflux. It is the sequel to the 1998 video game _Vigilante 8_. It was released for the PlayStation, Dreamcast, and Nintendo 64. A game was planned for the Game Boy Advance but was cancelled.

It was released for the PlayStation on October 31, 1999 in North America, December 31, 1999 in Europe and on February 24, 2000 in Japan. It was also released for the Dreamcast on November 30, 1999 in North America, on February 18, 2000 in Europe and on March 23, 2000 in Japan, as well as the Nintendo 64 on February 2, 2000 in North America and on February 25, 2000 in Europe.

During the games development,  there were pictures that were published which showed Molo's school bus as a ten-wheeler. It was redesigned because of the fallout from the Columbine massacre.

## Reception

IGN rated the game a 8.0 out of 10 for the Nintendo 64 and a 8.2 out of 10 for the PlayStation.

GameSpot gave the game a 7.7 out of 10 for the Nintendo 64 and 7.5 out of 10 for the PlayStation.

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Luxoflux
- **publisher**: Activision
- **released**: ***Playstation***:
***Dreamcast***:
***Nintendo 64***:
- **genre**: Action game, Action, Vehicular combat game, Vehicular combat
- **modes**: Single player
multiplayer
- **platforms**: Nintendo 64
Dreamcast
PlayStation
Twisted Metal (video game)

***Twisted Metal*** is a vehicular combat video game published by  Sony Computer Entertainment with product development by Sony Interactive Studios America and regular development by SingleTrac. It is the first game in the _Twisted Metal_ series. It was released for the PlayStation and on the PlayStation Network.

It was released on November 5, 1995 in North America, January 16, 1996 in Europe, and on November 15, 1996 in Japan. It was also released on February 23, 2011 on the PlayStation Network. In the game, there is a competition where opponents face each other with different kinds of modified vehicles. The object of the game is to destroy their vehicles and be the last one standing. The winner meets Calypso, a mysterious man who grants them a wish.

## Reception

IGN rated the game a 7 out of 10 and said ""The game's only downfall is that it's just too short. The game can be completed in just a couple of hours. However, the two-player split-screen combat mode more than makes up for the one-player mode's lack of length."" The game was successful and sold over 1.08 million copies in the United States alone.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Twisted Metal
- **developer**: 989 Studios, Sony Interactive Studios America (production)
SingleTrac (development)
- **publisher**: Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment
- **series**: _Twisted Metal_
- **released**: **PlayStation**:
**PlayStation Network**:
- **genre**: Vehicular combat game, Vehicular combat
- **modes**: Single player
multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation
PlayStation Network
Sharon Creech

**Sharon Creech** (born July 29, 1945) is an American writer of children's novels. She was born in South Euclid, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland. She was raised with a sister and three brothers.

## Mid life

As an adult, she was a teacher, and married, had two children: Rob and Karin. She divorced, and married again. Creech’s first two novels were for adults. After her father’s death she wrote _Absolutely Normal Chaos_, her first book for kids. Her fourth book, Walk Two Moons, won the Newbery Medal. Chasing Redbird (1997) was shortlisted for the Whitbread award. A few years later, she won another Newbery award for her book, Love That Dog Still (1995). These are only a few of her accomplishments. Creech lives in Maine.

## Education

She attended Hiram College for undergraduates. She later attended George Mason University for her master's degree.

## Themes

Sharon Creech's books are mostly about family relationships. Often, they have a teenage girl as the main character. She experiences growth or learns an important lesson. A lot of Creech’s book are based on actual experiences that happened in her life.

## Beginning of writing

In the earlier years of her life she spent most of her time teaching and being with her family. Unfortunately in 1980, her father had a stroke, he was left paralyzed and mute. After her father’s death in 1986 Creech started her first novel. “When I finished it," she continued, "I wrote another,and another, and another. The words just rushed out."

## Books

- 1990: _Absolutely Normal Chaos_
- 1994: _Walk Two Moons_
- 1996: _Pleasing the Ghost_
- 1997: _Chasing Redbird_
- 1998: _Bloomability_
- 2000: _The Wanderer_
- 2000: _Fishing in the Air_
- 2001: _A Fine, Fine School_
- 2001: _Love That Dog_
- 2002: _Ruby Holler_
- 2003: _Granny Torrelli Makes Soup_

## References

- Creech, Sharon. "Sharon Creech." Sharon Creech. HarperCollins, 2012. Web. 13 May 2014.
- "Sharon Creech." Authors and Artists for Young Adults. Vol. 52. Detroit: Gale, 2003.Biography in Context. Web. 13 May 2014.
- "Sharon Creech." Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Literature Resource Center. Web. 13 May 2014.
- Carlson, Ann D. "Creech, Sharon." _World Book Advanced_. World Book, 2015. Web.  23 Mar. 2015.
- "Sharon Creech." _Authors and Artists for Young Adults_. Vol. 52. Detroit: Gale, 2003. _Biography in Context_. Web. 23 Mar. 2015.
Alfredo Stroessner

**Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda** (November 3, 1912 – August 16, 2006) was the President of Paraguay  from 1954 until 1989. His time as president is seen by most as a dictatorship. Stroessner began his career in 1929 at the age of sixteen when he joined the Paraguayan army.  In 1951, he was a commander-in-chief of the Paraguayan army. He led a revolt to overthrow president Federico Chavez. Since he was the only candidate, he was elected president. During his rule, Alfredo Stroessner helped with economy of the country, but anyone who criticized him was put in prison. He was a controversial leader. He has been accused of allowing murder or torture of opponents or criticizers of his government. Other crimes which he has been said to support include abduction, pedophilia and rape of children. He was in power until 1989 when he was overthrown. He died on August 16, 2006 in Brasilia while in exile.

## References

- "Stroessner, Alfredo." Compton's by Britannica. 01 Aug. 2011: n.p. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 05 May. 2014.
- Wilkie, Richard W. "Stroessner, Alfredo." World Book Student. World Book, 2014. Web. 5 May 2014.
The Ultimate Hits

***The Ultimate Hits*** is the third compilation album by Garth Brooks. The album was released on November 6, 2007.
Oppositional defiant disorder

**Oppositional defiant disorder** is a mental disorder. It causes irritable and angry behaviour for at least 6 months. This behavior is noticeable in communication with other people. Most people with ODD do not usually get aggressive towards other people or animals, steal, or cause destruction. This is different from people with conduct disorder. But people with ODD do argue, and they often deliberately cause trouble.

## Symptoms

To be diagnosed with ODD, the person must have a behavior pattern for at least six months. At least four of these eight symptoms must be there in that time:

- Often argues with adults
- Goes against adults' requests and rules
- Deliberately annoys other people
- Blames other people for things they themselves have done wrong
- Angry and resentful of other people
- Spiteful/seeks revenge
- Gets annoyed easily

About 10.2% of people have or have had ODD (11.2% of males and 9.2% of females). In many cases this condition worsens into conduct disorder, which often worsens into antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). This is more likely in boys than girls, and more likely if the person also has ADHD. ODD typically begins in childhood. It is the most common mental disorder in children. It is unusual in adults, because the affected person usually either recovers or develops Antisocial personality disorder

ODD is more common in family members of people who have ODD, CD or ASPD. It is more common in poor urban areas.

Most people who have ODD also have other mental disorders, most often ADHD. Many children who have ODD have problems with alcohol and drug<nowiki/>s in their adolescence and adulthood.
Chim Chim Cher-ee

**"Chim Chim Cher-ee"** is a song from _Mary Poppins_, the 1964 musical movie. It was sung by Dick Van Dyke and Julie Andrews. It won the 1964 Academy Award for the Best Original Song.

The song was inspired by one of the drawings of a chimney sweep. It was covered and redone through other musicians.
CBS Building

The **CBS Building** is a skyscraper in New York City, New York. It is the headquarters of CBS. Inside the CBS Building, there are television networks, television companies, movie studios and television syndication.
Capital Cities/ABC

**Capital Cities/ABC Inc** was a media company that was founded in New York City. In 1985, Capital Cities merged with American Broadcasting Company to form Capital Cities/ABC. This name was used until 1996. The company was sold to The Walt Disney Company and changed its name to Disney–ABC Television Group.
RCA

**RCA Corporation**, originally the **Radio Corporation of America**, was an American electronics company. It was in existence from 1919 to 1986. The RCA trademark is used by Sony Music Entertainment and Talisman Brands, which licenses the name to other companies, among them Voxx International, Alco Electronics, Curtis International and TCL Corporation.

## History

After World War I began in August 1914, the western Allies cut the German transatlantic telegraph cables. This caused a tremendous increase in radio traffic across the Atlantic Ocean. The General Electric corporation made the acquisition of Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America in 1919. With this they formed the Radio Corporation of America (RCA). In 1926, RCA created the first nationwide broadcast network, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). After the golden age of radio had passed, RCA began to decline. In 1982 they ended most of their public affairs programs. Finally, in 1986, General Electric bought back RCA, along with NBC, for $6.28 million. In 1988, General Electric sold the right to use its brand on consumer electronics, as well as various assets of RCA, excluding NBC, to Thomson.
Plitt Theatres

**Plitt Theaters** was a major movie theater chain in the United States. It was originally the theater division of Paramount Pictures. This included a number of theater circuits acquired by Paramount, notably Balaban and Katz. In the late 1930s the United States government filed an antitrust lawsuit against five Movie studios. As a result Paramount was required to split off their theater chain.

On December 31, 1949, the theater business was spun off into an independent company called United Paramount Theaters (UPT). It was headed by Leonard Goldenson. In 1953 UPT purchased the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). This provided ABC's television network with a source of cash flow that allowed it to survive and eventually become competitive. The new company was named American Broadcasting-Paramount Theaters. In 1965 the corporation was renamed American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. The theater chain was renamed ABC Theaters. In 1974 ABC sold its movie theaters in the Midwest (a division called ABC Great States) to one of its executives, Henry Plitt, doing business as Plitt Theaters. Plitt subsequently bought the ABC Southern theater operations in 1978. In 1985, Plitt Theaters was sold to Cineplex Odeon Corporation.
NBC Blue Network

**NBC Blue Network** was a television network was launched in 1927 by Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and National Broadcasting Company (NBC). In 1945, NBC Blue Network changed its name to American Broadcasting Company (ABC).
ABC Entertainment

**ABC Entertainment** is a television production company that was made in New York City in 1999. It was made by merging Buena Vista Television Productions with the ABC Television Network to produce television shows.  It is part of The Walt Disney Company.  Its headquarters are in Burbank, California.  It started as a radio network in 1943 but now only does television.

ABC has eight owned-and-operated and more than 230 affiliated television stations throughout the United States and its territories.
Tribune Media

The **Tribune Media Company**, also called **Tribune Media**, formerly called **Tribune Company**, is a media company headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Its broadcasting company is Tribune Broadcasting. Tribune Media Company is one of the largest television broadcasting companies in the world.  It has 39 television stations across the United States. In August 2014, it spun off its publishing division into Tribune Publishing, but before that, Tribune Media Company was the nation's second-largest newspaper publisher (behind the Gannett Company). It owned newspapers, such as the _Chicago Tribune_, _Los Angeles Times_, and the _Orlando Sentinel_. It also has media service companies, such as Tribune Media Services.

## Other websites

- Tribune Media Company's official website

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Tribune Media Company
- **image**: Chicago 29 Oct116.jpg
- **image caption**: The Tribune Tower on Michigan Avenue (Chicago), Michigan Avenue in downtown Chicago is the headquarters of the Tribune Media Company.
- **type**: Publicly traded company
- **foundation**:

- **location city**: Chicago, Illinois
- **location country**: United States
- **key people**: Peter Liguori
- **industry**: Entertainment, broadcasting
- **products**: Television, radio, television production, real estate
- **revenue**: billion (FY 2010)
- **owner**: Oaktree Capital Management (23%)
Angelo, Gordon & Co. (9%)
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (9%)

- **num employees**: 14,000
Westinghouse Electric Corporation

The **Westinghouse Electric Corporation**(just known as Westinghouse with it's W in it's logo) was an American manufacturing company. It was founded on January 8, 1886, as **Westinghouse Electric Company**. Later it was renamed the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. They helped to bring electricity to homes and businesses across the United States.

Westinghouse was a diversified company. It was involved in a wide variety of products and services. The company had a number of firsts. It produced the first jet engine in the United States and the first nuclear power plant. It also developed the first U.S. radar station (used at Pearl Harbor). In the late 1980s a number of bad business decisions caused the company to decline. After selling off most of its manufacturing divisions, Westinghouse Electric took the name of one of its subsidiaries, CBS, which it bought in 1995.
Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy

**Carolyn Jeanne Bessette-Kennedy** (January 7, 1966 – July 16, 1999) was an American socialite, model, publicist for Calvin Klein. Kennedy was married to John F. Kennedy Jr., the son of John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States. Her relationship with her husband and her fashion influence drew comparisons to her mother-in-law Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. Kennedy, her husband and older sister, Lauren Bessette, died in a plane crash in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts on July 16, 1999.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy
- **image**: Carolyn Bessete Kennedy 1999.jpg
- **caption**: Kennedy at the White House Correspondents' Dinner, May 1999
- **birth name**: Carolyn Jeanne Bessette
- **birth place**: White Plains, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Atlantic Ocean, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death cause**: Plane crash
- **education**: Boston University
- **relatives**: Lauren Bessette
 Lisa Bessette
- **family**: Kennedy family
 (by marriage)
Kathleen Norris

**Kathleen Norris** (July 16, 1880 – January 18, 1966) was an American newspaper columnist and novelist. Her stories appeared in the _Atlantic_, _Ladies' Home Journal_ and some other publications. She used her fiction to promote marriage, motherhood and importance of service to others.

Many of her books were turned into movies.

Norris was born in San Francisco, California. She also died there.
Elizabeth Patterson

**Elizabeth Patterson** (November 22, 1874 – January 31, 1966) was an American actress. She gained popularity late during her career. She played Matilda Trumbull in _I Love Lucy_. She also played Aunt Hester in the movie _A Bill of Divorcement_. She later acted in stage and theater.

Patterson was born in Savannah, Tennessee. She died in Los Angeles at age 91 from pneumonia.
Twisted Metal 2

***Twisted Metal 2*** (also known as ***Twisted Metal 2: World Tour*** in Europe and ***Twisted Metal EX*** in Japan) is a vehicular combat video game published by  Sony Computer Entertainment and developed by Sony Interactive Studios America and SingleTrac. It is the second and most successful game in the _Twisted Metal_ series. It was released on the PlayStation, Microsoft Windows, and PlayStation Network.

It was released on October 31, 1996 in North America, in February 1997 in Europe, and on August 28, 1997 in Japan. It was also released on November 13, 1997 on Microsoft Windows as well as on July 26, 2007 in Japan and November 1, 2007 in North America on the PlayStation Network.

## Reception

IGN rated the game a 7.3 out of 10 GameSpot rated the PlayStation version 8.8 out of 10 stars and the PC version a 6.4 out of 10 stars.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Twisted Metal 2
- **developer**: 989 Studios, Sony Interactive Studios America/SingleTrac
- **publisher**: Sony Computer Entertainment
- **released**: **PlayStation**:
**Microsoft Windows**:
**PlayStation Network**:
- **genre**: Vehicular combat game, Vehicular combat
- **modes**: Single player
multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation
Microsoft Windows
PlayStation Network
Bob Welch (baseball)

**Robert Lynn** "**Bob**" **Welch** (November 3, 1956 – June 9, 2014) was an American professional baseball starting pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers from 1978 until 1987 and Oakland Athletics from 1988 until 1994. He was a two time MLB All-Star. In 1990, he won the American League Cy Young Award as the league's best pitcher.

Welch was born in Detroit, Michigan and raised in California.

Welch died after an accidental fall on June 9, 2014 in Seal Beach, California, aged 57.
Reinhard Höppner

**Reinhard Höppner** (2 December 1948 – 9 June 2014) was an (East) German politician, mathematician, and writer. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He was Minister-President of Saxony-Anhalt from July 1994 until 16 May 2002. The role was taken by Wolfgang Böhmer after Höppner's term was over.

Höppner was born in Haldensleben, Saxony-Anhalt, East Germany. He performed several leading positions in the Evangelical Church in Germany.

Höppner died from cancer on 9 June 2014 in Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, aged 65.
Twisted Metal III

***Twisted Metal III*** (also known by its former name ***Twisted Metal 3***) is a vehicular combat video game that was both published and developed by 989 Studios. It is the third game in the _Twisted Metal_ series. It was only released on the PlayStation and was only released in North America. The game was released on October 31, 1998 in North America for PlayStation. It was rereleased in 1999 as part of the Sony Greatest Hits lineup.

## Reception

IGN rated the game a 4 out of 10 and said that "with the exception of the four-player combat and Rob Zombie's hard-rock soundtrack -- the two great things about the game -- Twisted Metal 3 is a middle-of-the-road game that unfortunately doesn't do anything more than the first two games. In fact, it's just plain old hat."

GameSpot's Joe Fielder said that the game's soundtrack by Rob Zombie and Pitchshifter was "fitting" but he criticized the "lackluster" level design and "strange" physics engine. He advised readers to check out Activision's _Vigilante 8_ or GT Interactive's _Rogue Trip: Vacation 2012_ instead.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Twisted Metal III
- **developer**: 989 Studios
- **publisher**: 989 Studios
- **genre**: Vehicular combat game, Vehicular combat
- **modes**: Single player
multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation
- **series**: _Twisted Metal_
Twisted Metal 4

***Twisted Metal 4*** is a vehicular combat video game that was both published by Sony Computer Entertainment and developed by 989 Studios. It is the fourth game in the _Twisted Metal_ series. It was only released on the PlayStation and was only released in North America. The game was released on October 31, 1999 in North America for PlayStation. It was rereleased in 2000 as part of the Sony Greatest Hits lineup.

## Reception

IGN's Marc Nix rated the game a 6 out of 10 and praised the "colorful" graphics and "well-done" interactive environments but criticized the "toy car" control, look and sound of the vehicles.

GameSpot's Joe Fielder said that the game was a "huge leap" ahead of _Twisted Metal III_, commenting on the improved level design, control and physics, but he also said that the latter two "remain a little too touchy and unforgiving" and that the graphics, while they were "prettier" than those of Twisted Metal III, they "aren't nearly as sharp as the graphics in its current main competitor - Activision's _Vigilante 8: Second Offense_".

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Twisted Metal 4
- **developer**: 989 Studios
- **publisher**: Sony Computer Entertainment
- **genre**: Vehicular combat game, Vehicular combat
- **modes**: Single player
multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation
WWE 2K15

***WWE 2K15*** is a professional wrestling video game. It was being developed by Yuke's and Visual Concepts. It was published by 2K Sports.

The game was released on April 29, 2014. The game will be available on the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. It was the first game in the _WWE 2K_ series to be released for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One consoles.

## Development

WWE 2K15 is the first attempt in the series at a next-generation game for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. Justin Gabriel released a photo on his official Instagram of himself getting "scanned" for what appears to be the Eco-Motion engine that was used in _NBA 2K14_'s next generation game. Former _NXT_ Chris Hero (Kassius Ohno) also did some motion-captioning for the game.

2K's community manager, Ronnie Singh described the Eco-Motion engine as "One example of the Eco-Motion Engine in action is the new fluid nature of player animations. Gone are the days of pre-canned animations that must play out exactly as they were mocapped. Now, players adjust their movements based on the environment around them."

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Yuke's
Visual Concepts
- **publisher**: 2K Sports
- **released**: April 29, 2014
- **genre**: Professional wrestling
Fighting game, Fighting
- **modes**: Single player
Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
Multiplayer online game, Online multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation 3
PlayStation 4
Xbox 360
Xbox One
Izmit massacre

The **Izmit massacre** occurred on 24 June 1921 in the town of Izmit, Turkey. It was a mass killing of some 300 Turkish civilians by the retreating Greek Army during the Greek-Turkish War of 1919–1922. The British journalist Arnold Toynbee landed at the town after the Greek retreat and saw the aftermath.
Izmit was a coastal Ottoman town with a mixed population of Turks, Greeks and others. In the last years of the Ottoman Empire, it was occupied by the Greek Army in 1920. The local Greeks wanted to join Greece. Turkish nationalists opposed the idea and fought the Greek troops in the town's surroundings.

The Greek Army decided to retreat in June 1921. The local Christians also fled with the Greek army and lost their nonmovable property.

Before the Greeks left, they looted the Turks, partly burned the town, burned some surrounding villages and desecrated the mosques of Izmit. On 24 June, they killed more than 300 people in the cemetery. Thousands of Turks hid in the French college to find safety.

Izmit was occupied by the Turkish Army on 28 June 1921. Most of the Christians never returned to the town.
Eric Hill

**Eric Gordon Hill**  (7 September 1927 – 6 June 2014) was a British author and illustrator of children's picture books. He was best known for his character Spot the Dog.

Hill was born in Holloway, London. He was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours. He was married to Gillian and had two children, Christopher and Jane.

Hill died after a short illness on 6 June 2014 in California, United States, aged 86. He had lived in the U.S. since the 1980s.

## Other websites

- Eric Hill  at Penguin Books
Menemen massacre

The **Menemen Massacre** occurred on June 16–17, 1919 in the town of Menemen. It happened during the Greco Turkish war of 1919–1922. Victims were estimated to be between 100 and 1.000.

## Background

Menemen was an Ottoman town in which Greeks and Turks lived together. After the Ottomans lost World War I, Greek troops landed at the coastal town of Smyrna. One Greek detachement occpied Menemen. The Turkish nationalist movement began an armed resistance against the Greeks. There was a battle at the town of Bergama after which the Greek troops retreated. They passed along Menemen where a massacre took place against local Turkish civilians. The events were investigated by a Western delegation, they estimated that between 100 and 200 Turks had been killed and 200 wounded
, the Turks themselves claimed 1000 dead. The British reported that the presence of British officers restrained the Greeks in their excesses.
Captain Toad: Treasure Tracker

***Captain Toad: Treasure Tracker*** is a puzzle platformer video game for the Wii U. It was developed by Nintendo EAD Tokyo. It was published by Nintendo. It is a spin-off of the _Super Mario_ series. It is an expansion of the minigame that was featured in the 2013 game _Super Mario 3D World_.

The game was released in Japan and North America in 2014 and in PAL regions in 2015. A version for the Nintendo Switch and Nintendo 3DS was released in 2018. This new version had levels based on _Super Mario Odyssey_.

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development, Nintendo EAD Tokyo
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **released**: **Original Wii U release:**
**amiibo bundle:**
**Nintendo Selects:**
**Nintendo Switch
Nintendo 3DS:**

- **genre**: Platform game, Platform
Puzzle video game, Puzzle
- **modes**: Single player
- **director**: Kenta Motokura
Shinya Hiratake
- **producer**: Koichi Hayashida
- **composer**: Naoto Kubo
Mahito Yokota
- **platforms**: Wii U, Nintendo Switch, Nintendo 3DS
101st Airborne Division

The **101st Airborne Division** is an infantry division in the United States Army. It was called an "airborne" division because, as a paratrooper unit, it used airplanes to go into battle. It is most famous its defense of Bastogne at the Battle of the Bulge. The division later fought in the Vietnam War, including the Battle of Hamburger Hill. It also fought in the Gulf War, War in Afghanistan, and War in Iraq.

## History

The 101st Division was organized 2 November 1918 at Camp Shelby, Mississippi. World War I ended 9 days later. The unit was disbanded on 11 December 1918.

The unit was made active again on 10 September 1921, at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. They were assigned to the United States Army Reserve. At this time the "Screaming Eagle" nickname became associated with the division. They assumed several traditions as a successor to the volunteer regiments of the American Civil War. In order to reorganize the 101st as an airborne division in the (regular) U.S. Army, the reserve division was disbanded on 15 August 1942.

## World War II

The 101st Airborne Division was activated in the U.S. Army on 16 August 1942. This was at Camp Claiborne, Louisiana. On 19 August 1942, its first commander, Major General William C. Lee, promised his new recruits that the 101st had "no history but had a rendezvous with destiny." On D-Day (6 June 1944) the 101st Airborne Division parachuted behind the enemy lines in back of Utah Beach. They cleared a path for the beach landings and captured several key objectives. The division took part in Operation Market Garden (17–25 September 1944). This was the largest airborne operation of all time.
Eli Lilly and Company

**Eli Lilly and Company** is an American global medication company. Its headquarters are in Indianapolis, Indiana. The products of the company are sold in about 125 countries. The company was founded in 1876. It was named after Colonel Eli Lilly, a pharmaceutical chemist and American Civil War veteran.

Eli Lilly's most important products before World War II included diabetic insulin. One of the brand names they used for the insulin was Iletin.  In 2002, Eli Lilly made more products for people with diabetes than any other company.

Eli Lilly is the largest manufacturer and distributor of medications used for mental health issues. They make medications for bipolar disorder, clinical depression, generalized anxiety and others. One drug in this class is Amytal. It is used mainly to help with sleep and anxiety.

In 2023 it developed a new obesity drug, Zepbound, a rival to Wegovy produced by Novo Nordisk. The two drugs, which are given by weekly injections, are expected to generate $18.2bn in sales in 2024.

## Drugs

- _Amytal_
- _Zyprexa_
- _Humalog_
Postal codes in Taiwan

**Postal codes** () in **Taiwan** is a system of <DEL>five</DEL> six digit codes used by Chunghwa Post for postal service in the Republic of China.  There are 368 sets of three-digit codes for townships, county-controlled cities, districts (cities of Chiayi and Hsinchu have a single code covering all its districts) in Taiwan, and the uninhabited island groups of Dongsha (Pratas), Nansha (Spratly), and Diaoyutai (Senkaku) (currently controlled by Japan). There are also codes for Kinmen and Matsu, the parts of Fujian Province controlled by the Republic of China.

The first digit is for a large postal zone, as follows:
|First digit|Cities|Counties|Subsidiary islands|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Taipei|||
||New Taipei, Keelung|Yilan, Lienchiang (Matsu)|Diaoyutai Islands|
||Hsinchu|Hsinchu, Taoyuan, Miaoli||
||Taichung|||
|||Changhua, Nantou||
||Chiayi|Chiayi, Yunlin||
||Tainan|||
||Kaohsiung|Penghu, Kinmen|Dongsha Islands, Nansha Islands|
|||Pingtung, Taitung, Hualien||
Smothered, Covered & Chunked

***Smothered, Covered & Chunked*** is a cover album by American hip hop group Insane Clown Posse. The album was released on August 14, 2012.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Smothered, Covered, and Chunked!
- **type**: cover
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **released**: August 14, 2012
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop
- **length**: 54:00
- **label**: Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
- **producer**: Mike E. Clark