juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ponte Capriasca

**Ponte Capriasca** is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Ponte Capriasca
- **image photo**: Cesare da Sesto - Ultima Cena (copia).jpg
- **image caption**: The Last Supper by Cesare da Sesto (a pupil of Leonardo da Vinci) in the Church of S. Ambrogio
- **municipality name**: Ponte Capriasca
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: PonteCapriasca-coat_of_arms.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Ponte Capriasca 2012.png
- **languages**: Italian
- **canton**: Ticino
- **iso-code-region**: CH-TI
- **district**: Lugano (district), Lugano
- **postal code**: 6946
- **municipality code**: 5212
- **area**: 6.2
- **elevation**: 447
- **population**: 1610
- **populationof**: December 2004
- **popofyear**: 2004
- **website**: www.pontecapriasca.ch
- **mayor title**: Sindaco
- **neighboring municipalities**: Cadenazzo, Capriasca, Cavargna (IT-CO), Isone, Lugaggia, Medeglia, Origlio, Sant'Antonio, Switzerland, Sant'Antonio, Sigirino, Torricella-Taverne, Valcolla
Ponte Tresa

**Ponte Tresa** was a municipality in Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.  With an area of 0.28 km², Ponte Tresa is the smallest municipality in Switzerland. On 18 April 2021, the former municipalities of Croglio, Monteggio, Ponte Tresa and Sessa merged to form the new municipality of Tresa.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **image photo**: Treno FLP Ponte Tresa.jpg
- **image caption**: Ponte Tresa
- **municipality name**: Ponte Tresa
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: PonteTresa-coat of arms.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Ponte Tresa 2012.png
- **languages**: Italian
- **canton**: Ticino
- **iso-code-region**: CH-TI
- **district**: Lugano (district), Lugano
- **postal code**: 6988
- **municipality code**: 5213
- **area**: 0.28
- **elevation**: 277
- **population**: 785
- **populationof**: December 2004
- **popofyear**: 2004
- **website**: www.pontetresa.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Caslano, Croglio, Lavena, Lavena Ponte Tresa (Italy)
Porza

**Porza** is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Porza
- **municipality name**: Porza
- **image photo**: Lugano, Canobbio, Porza 1975.jpg
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Porza COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Porza 2012.png
- **languages**: Italian
- **canton**: Ticino
- **iso-code-region**: CH-TI
- **district**: Lugano (district), Lugano
- **postal code**: 6948
- **municipality code**: 5214
- **area**: 1.58
- **elevation**: 483
- **population**: 1477
- **populationof**: December 2004
- **popofyear**: 2004
- **website**: www.porza.ch
- **mayor title**: Sindaco
- **neighboring municipalities**: Canobbio, Comano, Switzerland, Comano, Cureglia, Lugano, Savosa, Vezia
Prato (disambiguation)

**Prato** could be one of many places:

In the Tuscany region of Italy:
- City of Prato
- Province of Prato
- Associazione Calcio Prato, the football club

In South Tyrol, Italy:
- Prato allo Stelvio, the Italian name for Prad am Stilfser Joch

In Switzerland:
- Prato, Switzerland, an Italian-speaking municipality of the canton of Ticino
Prato (Leventina)

**Prato Leventina** (**Prato**) is a municipality of the district Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Prato Leventina
- **municipality name**: Prato Leventina
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Prato(Leventina)-coat of arms.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Prato (Leventina) 2012.png
- **languages**: Italian
- **canton**: Ticino
- **iso-code-region**: CH-TI
- **district**: Leventina (district), Leventina
- **postal code**: 6773
- **municipality code**: 5078
- **area**: 16.9
- **elevation**: 1043
- **population**: 428
- **populationof**: December 2004
- **popofyear**: 2004
- **website**: www.pratoleventina.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Dalpe, Lavizzara, Osco, Quinto, Switzerland, Quinto
Truth in Numbers?

***Truth in Numbers? Everything, According to Wikipedia*** is a movie about Wikipedia. It was shown at Wikimania 2010 in Gdańsk.

## Other websites

- Official website
Jena (disambiguation)

**Jena** can mean:

- Jena, a German city.
- The Battle of Jena.
- Jena, Louisiana, a town in the United States.
- Jena Six, a controversial court case in Jena, Louisiana
- Jena, a Semantic Web framework.
- Jena Malone, American actress
- 526 Jena, an asteroid
Pali

**Pali** is a new Indo-Aryan language. It used to be spoken in India, and is similar to Sanskrit. Pali is used in religious services by Theravada Buddhists. The Theravada holy texts, called the Pali Canon and also known as the Tripiṭaka, are written in Pali. Pali is usually called a dead language. Bengali originates from the Pali.

## Other websites

- Pāli-English dictionary
- Pāli at Ethnologue
- Pali Text Society
- Pāli Canon selection   2008

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Pali
- **nativename**: पालि
- **states**: Indian subcontinent
- **era**: 5th–1st century BCE
- **speakers2**: now only used as a liturgical language
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian
- **fam3**: Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan
- **fam4**: Sanskrit
- **fam5**: Prakrit
- **script**: Brāhmī script, Brāhmī, Kharosthi, Khmer script, Khmer, Burmese script, Burmese, Thai script, Thai, Sinhala script, Sinhala, other Brahmic family of scripts, Brahmi-derived scripts such as Devanagari, and transliteration to the Latin alphabet.
- **iso1**: pi
- **iso2**: pli
- **iso3**: pli
- **linglist**: pli
- **notice**: Indic
- **glotto**: pali1273
- **glottorefname**: Pali
- **notice2**: IPA
Han Chinese

**Han Chinese** (also called **Han**; ) is an ethnic group within East Asian people. 92% of the Chinese population and more than 97% of the Taiwanese population are Han. Out of the entire human population in the world, 19% are Han Chinese. Han Chinese have the highest concentrations in the Eastern Provinces of China, particularly in the Hebei, Jiangsu and Guangdong regions. There are tens of millions of overseas Han Chinese. The majority live in Southeast Asia. Many big cities around the world have enough "overseas Chinese" to make a "Chinatown".

## The name

The name "Han" comes from the Han Dynasty that united China as one country. During the Han Dynasty, many tribes felt that they belonged to the same ethnic group. Also, the Han Dynasty is said to be the high point in Chinese civilization. During the Han Dynasty, China was able to increase its power and influence to other parts of Asia.

There are some slang words and different names for Han amongst some Han people, especially in southern China and in Vietnam. In languages like Cantonese, Hakka and Min Nan, the word "Táng Rén" is also used. "Táng Rén" is written as "唐人" and it literally means "the people of Tang." It is pronounced "Tong Yan" in Cantonese. "唐人" comes from another Chinese dynasty, the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty is also another peak point of the Chinese civilization. Within English-speaking Han communities, the word "Chinatown" in Chinese is "Táng Rén Jiē" which means "street of the Tang people."

Another phrase used by the Han people, especially overseas Chinese, is "Hua Ren" (). It comes from "Zhong Hua" (), a poetic name for China. The translation of this is "ethnic Chinese".

## Culture

Han China is one of the world's oldest civilizations. Chinese culture dates back thousands of years. Some Han people believe they share common ancestors, distantly related to the Yellow Emperor and Yan Emperor, who existed thousands of years ago. Hence, some people of Han call themselves "Descendants of the Yan Emperor" or "Descendants of the Yellow Emperor."

Throughout the history of China, Chinese culture has been influenced by Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. Confucianism was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history, and becoming a professional of Confucian texts was needed to be part of the imperial bureaucracy.

## Related pages

- Nationalities of China

## Other websites

- Defining Han Identity in Chinese Ethnology and Archaeology  Research website on Han identity by Ph.D. candidate
- How the Han Chinese became the world's biggest tribe  – Yahoo News/AFP Sept 15, 2004
Babi Yar

**Babi Yar** () is a ravine in Kyiv, Ukraine. During the Holocaust, Nazi soldiers massacred 33,771 Jewish people at Babi Yar.  This may have been the worst two-day mass murder of Jews in all of the Holocaust.

## Background

Nazi Germany and other Axis countries occupied Kyiv on September 19, 1941.  By September 26, the military governor and the _Schutzstaffel_ (SS) and Police Leader had decided to kill all of the Jews in Kyiv.  They said this would be revenge for German soldiers being attacked by some Jewish guerrilla fighters.

The Nazis tricked the Jews into coming to Babi Yar by telling them they were going to be sent to another place to live.  On 28 September 1941, they put up an order in the town.  Part of it said:

## Massacre

Later, one of the soldiers in charge of the massacre would say:

On September 29 and 30, special units of the SS called _Einsatzgruppen_, and some local Ukrainians who supported the Nazis, took these people to the ravine at Babi Yar.  They made them put all of their things in piles.  They made them strip naked.  The area was so crowded that by the time people heard gunshots, there was no way to escape.  The Nazis took people ten at a time into the ravine, made them lay down, and shot them with machine guns.

Between September 29 and 30, the Nazis killed 33,771 Jewish people at Babi Yar.

The Nazis buried these people in a mass grave.  People who had survived being shot were buried alive, along with the dead.  Only 29 people survived and were able to escape. The murdered Jews' property was given to Nazi leaders in Kyiv.

## Other information

Those killed were mostly or "primarily Jews, but also [non-Jewish] Ukrainians, Roma, Red Army prisoners of war, and others", according to media.

## Related pages

- Iași pogrom
- Kristallnacht
- Odessa massacre
- Jedwabne pogrom
- Rhineland massacres

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: Babi Yar Massacre
- **image**: Execution Babi Yar, by Felix Lembersky.jpg
- **caption**: Painting of the Babi Yar Massacre
- **location**: Kyiv
- **date**: September 29-30, 1941
- **type**: Massacre, Genocide, mass murder
- **fatalities**: 33,771 Jews
- **injuries**: 29 Survivors
- **perps**: _Einsatzgruppen, Einsatzgruppe C_, other _Schutzstaffel_ (SS), Nazi Germany, German police
- **weapons**: Machine guns
- **target**: Jewish people
Clea DuVall

**Clea Helen D'Etienne DuVall** (born September 25, 1977 ) is an American movie and television actress. She has been in the movies _But I'm a Cheerleader_ (1999), _Girl, Interrupted_ (1999), _21 Grams_ (2003) and _Zodiac_ (2007). She is also in the television series _Carnivàle_ and American Horror Story: Asylum.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Clea DuVall
- **image**: Clea Duvall (2016) crop.jpg
- **caption**: Clea Duvall (2016)
- **birth name**: Clea Helen D'Etienne DuVall
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, United States
- **other names**: Clea Duvall
Bartholomew I of Constantinople

**Bartholomew I ** (, _Patriarchis Bartholomaios A' _, ; born 29 February 1940) is the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, since 2 November 1991.

He is the "first among equals" in the Eastern Orthodox Communion, and the spiritual leader of 300 million Orthodox Christians around the world.

## Contributor

Bartholomew wrote a chapter with Pope John Paul II in “Earth Toward Our Children’s Future".

He wrote an essay, "To Commit a Crime Against the Natural World Is a Sin” in _Moral Ground: Ethical Action for a Planet in Peril_ (Trinity University Press, 2010 ).

## Related pages

- Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
- Ecumenism
- Mount Athos
- Orthodox Church

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **honorific-prefix**: His All Holiness
- **name**: Bartholomew I
- **patriarch of**: Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
- **image**: Πατριάρχης Βαρθολομαῖος (cropped).jpeg
- **enthroned**: 2 November 1991
- **diocese**: Constantinople
- **see**: Constantinople
- **church**: Church of Constantinople
- **predecessor**: Demetrios I of Constantinople, Demetrios I
- **birth name**: Dimitrios Arhondonis (, Dēmḗtrios Archontṓnis)
- **birth place**: Aghios Theodoros (Zeytinliköy, Gökçeada, Zeytinliköy), Imbros (Gökçeada), Turkey
- **religion**: Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox
- **residence**: Fener, Istanbul, Turkey
- **parents**: Chrḗstos (father) and Merópē (mother) Archontṓnis
- **alma mater**: Halki seminary, Patriarchal Theological school (Halki seminary)
- **signature**: Автограф Вафоломея.png
Taxi Driver

***Taxi Driver*** is a 1976 American crime drama thriller movie directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Paul Schrader. It stars Robert De Niro, Jodie Foster, Cybill Shepherd, Harvey Keitel, Peter Boyle, Leonard Harris and Albert Brooks. Set in a decaying and morally bankrupt New York City following the Vietnam War, the film tells the story of Travis Bickle, a lonely taxi driver who descends into insanity as he plots to assassinate both the presidential candidate who is the boss of the woman he loves, and the pimp of an underage prostitute he befriends.

A critical and commercial success upon release and nominated for four Academy Awards, including for Best Picture, Best Actor (for De Niro) and Best Supporting Actress (for Foster), _Taxi Driver_ won the Palme d'Or at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival. The movie generated controversy at the time of its release for its depiction of violence and casting of a 12-year-old Foster in the role of a child prostitute.

In 2012, _Sight & Sound_ named it the 31st-best movie ever in its decennial critics' poll, ranked with _The Godfather Part II_, and the fifth-greatest movie of all time on its directors' poll. The film was considered significant by the US Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1994.

John Hinckley saw the movie many times. He wanted to impress Foster. He tried to assassinate President Ronald Reagan by shooting him. Reagan survived the 1981 attack.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Taxi Driver
- **director**: Martin Scorsese
- **producer**: Julia Phillips
Michael Phillips
- **writer**: Paul Schrader
- **starring**: Robert De Niro
Jodie Foster
Albert Brooks
Harvey Keitel
Leonard Harris
Peter Boyle
Cybill Shepherd
- **music**: Bernard Herrmann
- **cinematography**: Michael Chapman
- **editing**: Marcia Lucas
Tom Rolf
Melvin Shapiro
- **studio**: Bill/Phillips Productions
Italo/Judeo Productions
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **released**: February 8, 1976
- **runtime**: 114 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $1.9 million
- **gross**: $28.4 million
Patriarch Alexius II

**Patriarch Alexius II** (23 February 1929—5 December 2008) was the 15th Patriarch of Moscow and the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **name**: Alexy II
- **patriarch of**: Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' (region), Rus
- **image**: Blessed Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow.jpg
- **enthroned**: 10 June 1990
- **ended**: 5 December 2008
- **church**: Russian Orthodox Church
- **see**: Moscow
- **predecessor**: Patriarch Pimen I of Moscow, Pimen I
- **successor**: Patriarch Kirill I of Moscow, Kirill I
- **birth name**: Alexey Mikhailovich Ridiger
- **birth date**: 23 February 1929
- **birth place**: Tallinn, Estonia
- **death place**: Peredelkino, Russia
- **buried**: Elokhovo Cathedral, Epiphany Cathedral at Elokhovo
- **spouse**: Vera Alekseeva (1950–1951)
- **ordination**: 17 April 1950
- **consecration**: 3 September 1961
- **consecrated by**: Metropolitan Nikodim (Rotov) of Leningrad, Nikodim of Leningrad
Epithelium

**Epithelium** (plural: epithelia) is one of the four main types of tissue in the body of animals. It is made up of one or more layers of cells.

The outermost layer of the skin is a special type of epithelium. It has an important function: it forms a mechanical defence against infection: see innate immunity.

Epithelia are found on the surface of organs and many other parts of the body. One main function of epithelia is moving fluids into or out of an organ or body part. It also protects organs and carries sense organs.

There are many different types of epithelium that do different things in the body, including the excretory system. The epithelium covers blood vessels and hollow organs such as the stomach and kidneys.  All glands are made from epithelial cells. In some areas, the epithelium secretes sweat, oil, or mucus.

The functions of epithelial cells include secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport, and sensing. Epithelial layers have no blood vessels: they get oxygen and nourishment from the underlying connective tissue, through their basement membrane.

## Other websites

- Article from Encyclopedia Britannica regarding Epithelium
Santa Fe

**Santa Fe** can mean multiple things:
- Santa Fe de Antioquia, a municipality in Colombia
- Santa Fe, New Mexico, capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico
- Santa Fe Province, in Argentina
- Santa Fe, Argentina, capital of the province
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe, covering central and northeastern New Mexico
Toy Fox Terrier

The **Toy Fox Terrier** (also known as **American Toy Terrier**, **Amertoy**) is a small terrier breed of dogs. They are related to the Fox Terrier, but are considered a separate breed.

## Further reading

- Davidson, John F., _The Toy Fox Terrier - Wired for Action_ (a 2006 revision of _The Toy Fox Terrier_)
- Hopkins, Eliza and Flamholtz, Cathy _The Toy Fox Terrier_
- Bielsky-Braham, Tanya, _Send in the Clowns_. AKC Gazette, December, 2002

## Other websites

- American Toy Fox Terrier Club
- Visit the Official **National Toy Fox Terrier Association** web site for more information about TFTs.
Bond market

The **bond market** (also known as the **debt**, **credit**, or **fixed income market**) is a financial market where people buy and sell debt securities, usually in the form of bonds.  In 2006 the size of the international bond market was about $45 trillion. The size of the outstanding U.S. bond market debt was $25.2 trillion.

## Other websites

- Investing In Bonds Only:  Why This Investment Strategy Doesn't Work... and What Does
- Investing in Bonds , an education site for bond investors
- SIFMA
- ShibuiMarkets
- Bonds 101, bonds.yahoo.com
- Fixed-Income Funds
- USTreasuryMarket.com: Dealer misconduct, including front-running, in government bond market.
- International Financing Review (IFR)
Security

**Security** means to prevent dangers or losses. In general, security is similar to safety. The difference between the two is that security cares more than general safety about dangers from the outside.

Airports and banks usually have a lot of security measures. Prison security is used mainly to stop prisoners from escaping. It is also used to stop prisoners from harming prison employees or other prisoners.

Maximum security is found in or around prisons or other types of places where people need to be kept in or kept out. It is the highest security level for a building or area.

The term is also used to refer to acts and systems whose purpose may be to provide security (security company, security police, security forces, security service, security agency, security guard, cyber security systems, security cameras, remote guarding). Security can be physical and virtual.

## Related pages

- Law enforcement
- Insurance
- Hacking
- Police

## References

- Monahan, Torin, ed. (2006), _Surveillance and Security: Technological Politics and Power in Everyday Life_ . New York: Routledge:
- Operations Security Professional's Association Website ''http://www.opsecprofessionals.org.

## Other websites

- ISO/IEC 15443-1: Overview and framework
- ISO/IEC 15443-2: Assurance methods
- ISO/IEC 15443-3: Analysis of assurance methods
- ISO/IEC 15408 refer also to Common Criteria
- ISO/IEC 17799:2005 Code of practice for information security management
Security (disambiguation)

**Security** is the sense of protection from hostile action.

**Security** could also mean:
- Financial instrument, a security (finance)
- Computer security
- Energy security
- Information security
- Juridical security, also called legal security http://www.consultmcgregor.com/PDFs/research/human%20security,%20human%20family%20and%20human%20potential.pdf , http://www.era.int/web/en/resources/5_2341_2384_file_en.3221.pdf , http://www.cmseducation.org/wconsts/andorra.html , http://www.iaba.org/english/conference%20resolutions/english_conference%20resolution%20panama%202000.htm , http://www.rree.gob.sv/sitio%5Csitio.nsf/pages/thenewallience .
- Physical security
- Security of person, a human right guaranteed by the United Nations in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- Security (convergence)
- Social Security
- Security, a 1982 studio album by Peter Gabriel
- Town in Colorado, see Security-Widefield, Colorado
Preonzo

**Preonzo** was a municipality of the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 2 April 2017, the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Preonzo
- **municipality name**: Preonzo
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Preonzo-coat of arms.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Preonzo 2010.png
- **languages**: Italian
- **canton**: Ticino
- **iso-code-region**: CH-TI
- **district**: Bellinzona (district), Bellinzona
- **postal code**: 6523
- **municipality code**: 5015
- **area**: 16.44
- **elevation**: 250
- **population**: 584
- **populationof**: December 2011
- **popofyear**: 2011
- **neighboring municipalities**: Claro, Ticino, Claro, Cresciano, Cugnasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Lavertezzo, Lodrino, Switzerland, Lodrino, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Vogorno
Pura

**Pura** could mean:

- Pura, Tarlac, a municipality in the province of Tarlac, Philippines
- Pura, Switzerland, an Italian-speaking municipality in the canton of Ticino
- Pura, Gedrosia, an ancient city in southwestern Pakistan
- Pura Foods Ltd, a British manufacturer of edible oils now owned by ADM
Pura, Switzerland

**Pura** is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Homepage Pura Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Pura
- **municipality name**: Pura
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Pura-coat of arms.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Pura 2012.png
- **languages**: Italian
- **canton**: Ticino
- **iso-code-region**: CH-TI
- **district**: Lugano (district), Lugano
- **postal code**: 6984
- **municipality code**: 5216
- **area**: 3.1
- **elevation**: 387
- **population**: 1176
- **populationof**: December 2004
- **popofyear**: 2004
- **website**: www.pura.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bedigliora, Caslano, Croglio, Curio, Switzerland, Curio, Magliaso, Neggio, Ponte Tresa
Duroplast

**Duroplast** is a resin plastic made up mixing formica and bakelite reinforced with fibres (either cotton or wool) or glass fibres.

## Uses

Duroplast was used by Eastern European automobile manufacturer VEB Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau to produce the body of the popular Trabant motor car, toilet seats, and parts for the BMW X3.

Duroplast was first used in the body of the IFA F8 and later also the AWZ P70 or Zwickau P70 and later used in the body of the Trabant. Apart from the use in cars duroplast was also used to make suitcases.

## Properties

Duroplast is light, flexible, and strong. It was also made of recycled material, cotton waste from Russia and phenol resins from the East German dye industry making the Trabant the first car with a body made of recycled materialhttps://www.pbs.org/saf/transcripts/transcript402.htm#4 . Because it can be made in a press similar to shaping steel, it's easy to produce.

## Critics

Duroplast cannot be completely recycled, and burning it produces toxic fumes, so disposing of the bodies of old Trabants is a problem. There are stories of pigs, sheep or other domestic farm animals consuming duroplast.

A Berlin biotechnology company claims that it has developed a solution to the duroplast problem: a bacterium that will eat a Trabant in 20 days and leave only compost.
In the last years the Duroplast was smashed and put cement blocks for pavement construction.
Will & Grace

***Will & Grace*** is an Emmy winning American television sitcom. The show is set in New York City. It features four best friends, Will Truman (Eric McCormack), Grace Adler (Debra Messing), Jack McFarland (Sean Hayes) and Karen Walker (Megan Mullally). It was first aired in series beginning 1998 and series finale aired in 2006. It ran for 8 seasons for a total of 194 episodes.

## Cast

- Eric McCormack as Will Truman
- Debra Messing as Grace Adler
- Sean Hayes as Jack McFarland
- Megan Mullally as Karen Walker

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Sitcom
- **creator**: David Kohan
Max Mutchnick
- **director**: James Burrows
- **starring**: Eric McCormack
Debra Messing
Megan Mullally
Sean Hayes (actor), Sean Hayes
Gary Grubbs
Shelley Morrison
Michael Angarano
- **theme music composer**: Jonathan Wolff (musician), Jonathan Wolff
- **country**: United States
- **num seasons**: 11
- **num episodes**: 246
- **list episodes**: List of Will & Grace episodes
- **executive producer**: Max Mutchnick
David Kohan
James Burrows
Jhoni Marchinko
Jeff Greenstein
Alex Herschlag
Dave Flebotte
Jon Kinnally
Tracy Poust
Gary Janetti
Greg Malins
Bill Wrubel
John Quaintance
Suzanne Martin
- **camera**: Multiple-camera setup, Multi-camera
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **company**: KoMut Entertainment
 Sister Entertainment
 3 Sisters Entertainment
 3 Princesses and a P (2017)
 NBC Studios (19982006)
Universal Television (2017)
- **network**: NBC
Ken Akamatsu

is a Japanese manga writer, artist and politician. He has been a member of the House of Councillors since 2022. After not passing the test to go to Tokyo University, Akamatsu choose to be an illustrator. He became well known as an illustrator at "Comiket". Comiket is the largest comic convention in Japan.  Akamatsu has created the illustred works _A Kid's Game for One Summer_, _A.I. Love You_ and _Always my Santa_. In October 1998, his most famous work, _Love Hina_ began being shown in Weekly Shonen Magazine. The series has been made into a book form that has sold over 6 million copies in Japan. Akamatsu received the Kodansha Manga Award for shōnen in 2001 for this series.

After finishing _Love Hina_ in 2001, Akamatsu began to illustrate another manga, _Negima!: Magister Negi Magi_. Both _Negima!_ and _Love Hina_ have been made into anime series. Altogether there are about 25 episodes, and 14 volumes of _Love Hina_.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ken Akamatsu
- **native name**: 赤松 健
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Ken Akamatsu at Japan Expo 20150705 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Akamatsu at Japan Expo 2015
- **birth place**: Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Aichi, Japan
- **blank1**: Other names
- **known for**: _Love Hina_, _Negima! Magister Negi Magi_, _UQ Holder!_
- **education**: Chuo University
- **occupation**: Manga artist, politician
- **blank2**: Years active
- **data2**: 1993–present
- **spouse**: Kanon Akamatsu
- **children**: 2
- **signature**: Akamatsu Ken sign.svg
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic
- **office**: Member of the Japanese House of Councillors, House of Councillors
- **termstart**: July 26, 2022
- **constituency**: Japanese House of Councillors national proportional representation block, Proportional
Will Truman

**William "Will" Truman** is a character in _Will & Grace_. He is a lawyer and is gay. He was played by Eric McCormack. Will lived in the hotel with his Jewish friend. Grace Adler lived next door with Jack McFarland.

nl:Will & Grace#Will(iam) Truman

## Infobox (character)

- **colour**: blue
- **name**: William Truman
- **first**: "Pilot; Love and Marriage"
- **last**: "Finale"
- **nickname**: Will, Wilma (Given to him by Karen Walker (Will & Grace), Karen)
- **occupation**: Attorney
- **title**: William Truman, Esq.
- **family**: George Truman (father; _dead_)
 Marilyn Truman (mother)
 Paul Truman (brother)
 Sam Truman (brother)
 Jordan Truman (nephew)
 Casey Truman (adopted niece)
- **spouse**: Vince D'Angelo (partner)
- **children**: Ben Truman (son)
 Lila Markus (daughter-in-law)
- **portrayer**: Eric McCormack
- **creator**: Max Mutchnick
Grace Adler

**Grace Elizabeth Adler** is a character from Will & Grace played by Debra Messing. She was married with doctor, Dr. Leo Markus and lived with Will and friends with Jack and Karen.

## Infobox (character)

- **colour**: pink
- **name**: Grace Elizabeth Adler
- **series**: Will & Grace
- **first**: "Pilot"
- **last**: "Finale"
- **nickname**: Gracie, G, Gracious
- **gender**: Female
- **occupation**: Interior designer
- **family**: Martin Adler (father)
 Bobbi Adler (mother)
 Janet Adler (sister)
 Joyce Adler (sister)
- **spouse**: Leo Markus, Dr. Leo Markus (husband)
 James Hanson (ex-husband)
- **children**: Lila Markus (daughter)
 Ben Truman (son-in-law)
- **portrayer**: Debra Messing
- **creator**: David Kohan
Max Mutchnick
Karen Walker

**Karen Delaney St. Croix Popeil Finster Walker** or **Karen Delaney** was a character on the NBC television series _Will & Grace_. She was played by Megan Mullally. Karen was a friend with gay actor and dancer, Jack McFarland. She was in a relationship with Stanley Walker but ended it and married Beverley.

Karen appears with Megan Mullally in _The Megan Mullally Show_.

## Infobox (character)

- **colour**: #C4C3D0
- **name**: Karen Walker
- **series**: Will & Grace
- **first**: "Pilot (Will & Grace), Pilot"
(episode 1.01)
- **gender**: Female
- **nickname**: Cruella (by Will Truman, Will)
Kare, Miss Karen, Kare Bear, Kiki, Zany Delaney
- **alias**: Shu-Shu Fontana
Anastasia Beaverhausen
Sister Frances Beaverhausen
- **occupation**: **Current**
* Businesswoman
* Personal assistant to Grace Adler
* Socialite
**Former**
* Personal assistant to Jack McFarland
(at Out TV; fired)
- **title**: Chairman, CEO, and Board Member
(Walker, Inc.)
- **family**: Mr. Delaney
(father; deceased)
Supporting characters on Will & Grace#Karen's family, Lois Whitley
(mother; deceased)
 Supporting characters on Will & Grace#Karen's family, Virginia "Ginny" Delaney - aka Gin
(sister)
- **spouse**: Mr. St. Croix
(ex-husband)
Dick Popeil
(ex-husband)
Supporting characters on Will & Grace#Karen's family, Stanley Walker
(husband; deceased then divorced)
Supporting characters on Will & Grace#Karen, Lyle Finster
(ex-husband; invalid)
- **children**: Supporting characters on Will & Grace#Karen's family, Mason Walker
(stepson, via Stanley)
Supporting characters on Will & Grace#Karen's family, Olivia Walker
(stepdaughter, via Stanley)
Lorraine Finster
(former stepdaughter, via Lyle)
- **relatives**: Supporting characters on Will & Grace#Karen's family, Lois Whitley
(mother)
Supporting characters on Will & Grace#Karen's family, Sylvia Walker
(mother-in-law, via Stanley)
 Kimmie Walker
(sister-in-law, via Stanley)
Jonny Walker
(brother-in-law, via Stanley)
Barry
 (cousin)
 Gina
 (cousin)
 Sumner Davis
 (nephew)
Virginia "Ginny" Delaney - aka Gin
(sister)
- **portrayer**: Megan Mullally
- **creator**: Max Mutchnick
Jack McFarland

**Jack McFarland** is a character from the television show _Will & Grace_. He is a camp, openly gay man. The character was played by Sean Hayes.

## Infobox (character)

- **colour**: #C4C3D0
- **name**: Jack McFarland
- **caption**: Jack in his personal version of heaven, with Cher as God
- **series**: Will & Grace
- **first**: "Pilot (Will & Grace), Pilot"
(episode 1.01)
- **fullname**: John Philip McFarland
- **nickname**: Jackie (by Karen Walker (Will & Grace), Karen)
Poodle, Just Jack, Jack 2000, Judy, Mo, Dorothy, Mary, Jack McFairyland
- **gender**: Male
- **occupation**: **Current**
* Actor
* Actor, Acting Coaching, coach and teacher
* Catering, Cater waiter
* Choreographer
* Dancer
* Singer
**Former**
* Corporate title, Junior executive
(Out TV; Seasons 7–8)
* Retail clerk, Sales clerk
(Barney's New York; Season 4)
* Nurse
- **family**: Supporting characters on Will & Grace#Jack's family, Joe Black
(biological father; deceased)
Supporting characters on Will & Grace#Jack's family, Judith McFarland
(mother)
Supporting characters on Will & Grace#Jack's family, Daniel McFarland
(legal father/stepfather)
Skip (grandson)
- **spouse**: Rosario Salazar
(ex-wife)
- **children**: Elliot
(son, with Supporting characters on Will & Grace#Jack's family, Bonnie via in vitro fertilisation, IVF)
- **portrayer**: Sean Hayes (actor), Sean Hayes
- **creator**: Max Mutchnick
Pacific hurricane

A **Pacific hurricane** is a tropical cyclone that forms in the northeastern part of the Pacific Ocean. For organizational purposes, the Pacific Ocean is divided into three parts: the eastern (North America to 140°W), central (140°W to the International Date Line), and western (west of the Date Line). A Pacific hurricane, then, is a tropical cyclone in the northern Pacific Ocean east of the Date Line. Tropical cyclones that form in the western north Pacific are called typhoons. This separation between the two basins is convenient, however, as tropical cyclones rarely form in the central north Pacific and few ever cross the dateline.

## Related pages

- Tropical cyclone
- Atlantic hurricane
Plain English Campaign

**Plain English Campaign Limited** (PEC) is a commercial editing and training firm based in the United Kingdom. It was started in 1979 by Chrissie Maher. The company advocates for the use of simple ("plain") English. It tries to persuade organisations in the UK and abroad to communicate with the public simply. In 1990, Plain English Campaign created the Crystal Mark, its "seal of approval." This is a symbol printed on documents which the Plain English campaign thinks are very easy to understand. According to the Plain English Campaign, the symbol appears on over 20,000 documents worldwide.

The Plain English Campaign also gives out an annual "Foot in Mouth Award" for "a baffling comment by a public figure." The name of this award comes from a humorous English idiom. If a person has their "foot in their mouth," that means they are speaking badly and not paying attention to what they are saying. The plain English Campaign also gives out a "Golden Bull Award" for "the worst examples of written tripe". The name of this award also comes from a common English idiom. "Bull" is short for "bullshit," which literally means the excrement of a bull, but is often used to mean stupid, dishonest or unbelievable speech or writing. The word "tripe," similar to "bullshit," has both a literal and a figurative meaning. Literally, it means a food made from an animal's stomach lining. As it is used here, "tripe" means something very close to "bullshit."

In other words, the Plain English Campaign's "Foot in Mouth Award" is given to someone famous who speaks stupidly. The "Golden Bull Award" is given to someone famous who writes stupidly. Both awards are sarcastic. They are different from normal awards because they criticise, rather than honor, the people they are given to. Famous winners of the Foot in Mouth Award include George W. Bush and Donald Rumsfeld.

Plain English Campaign has worked for many organisations. Many UK forms and bills carry the Crystal Mark, including the British passport application form. Plain English Campaign is often described in the media as a "pressure group."

It regularly makes public comments about language-related news stories and about jargon. For example, in 2006 its supporters voted Bill Shankly the author of the greatest football quotation of all time. Plain English Campaign did a survey in 2004 and announced that ‘At the end of the day’ was considered the most irritating cliché. Chrissie Maher, who created Plain English Campaign, was awarded the Order of the British Empire in 1994 for her services to plain communication. Famous supporters of PEC include Margaret Thatcher and broadcaster John Humphrys.
Kilakarai

**Kilakarai** (aka **Keelakarai**, Tamil - கீழக்கரை) is a panchayat town in Ramanathapuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kilakarai
- **native name**: கீழக்கரை
- **native name lang**: ta
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image caption**: View of LightHouse Kilakarai
- **pushpin map**: India Tamil Nadu
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Tamil Nadu, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tamil Nadu
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name2**: Ramanathapuram District, Ramanathapuram
- **established title**: Settled
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **elevation m**: 8
- **population total**: 30468
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Tamil language, Tamil
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **postal code type**: Postal Index Number, PIN
- **postal code**: 623 517
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 91 4567
- **registration plate**: TN 65
- **blank1 name sec1**: Distance from Chennai
- **blank1 info sec1**: S
- **blank2 name sec1**: Distance from Madurai
- **blank2 info sec1**: E
- **blank3 name sec1**: Distance from Ramanathapuram
- **blank3 info sec1**: S
- **blank1 name sec2**: Climate of India, Climate
- **blank1 info sec2**: Climatic regions of India, BSh <small>(Köppen climate classification, Köppen)</small>
- **blank2 name sec2**: Precipitation (meteorology), Precipitation
- **blank3 name sec2**: Avg. summer temperature
- **blank4 name sec2**: Avg. winter temperature
Vajrayana

**Vajrayana** is one of the major schools of Buddhism. It is sometimes called esoteric Buddhism. It later spread to Mongolia and Bhutan. Since the annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China in 1959, the Tibetan form of Vajrayana has spread to many Western countries and has gained great popularity.

Vajrayana is a third and separate major school of Buddhism, the other two being Theravada and Mahayana. Vajrayana Buddhism comes from Mahayana Buddhism. Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhism has its own texts in the Tibetan and Sanskrit languages. It also contains the older Mahayana texts in Sanskrit and Theravada texts in the Pali language.

Vajrayana is sometimes known as **Tantric Buddhism** in the west. Tantric practice is one kind of Vajrayana Buddhism, but there are also other forms.

Vajrayana Buddhism is also known as "**The** **Diamond Vehicle".**

## Features of Vajrayana

The main features of Vajrayana are:
- The use of mantras, a form of chanting
- Strong focus on the guru, or teacher
- The importance of meditation, including concentration techniques such as the visualization of bodhisattvas.

Followers are introduced to these practices through initiation which is also called empowerment.

## Tibetan Vajrayana

There are four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism: Nyingma, Sakya, Kagyu, and Geluk. All four schools identify themselves as belonging to the Mahayana or "Great Vehicle" tradition, which is the most popular form of Buddhism in China, Korea and Japan.

### Levels of practice

In the _ancient_ or Nyingma school, the teachings are divided into six levels:
- Outer Tantras
    - Kriyayoga
    - Charyayoga
    - Yogatantra
- Inner Tantras _(Anuttarayogatantra)_
    - Mahayoga
    - Anuyoga
    - Atiyoga (also known as Dzogchen)

The _new_ schools (Sakya, Kagyu, and Geluk) divide the teachings into only four levels. The first three are the same as in the Nyingma school. The last level is simply called Anuttarayogatantra ("Highest Yoga Tantra"). These Highest Yoga Tantras are divided into "mother", "father" and "non-dual" tantras. The new schools use a practice called Mahamudra in place of Dzogchen.

## Other websites

- The Berzin archive, Archive on texts and teachings of Vajrayana, Tibetan Buddhism, Islam and Bon
- Himalayan Art Resources, an online educational resource with over 30,000 images of Vajrayana art and ritual implements
Bart

**Bart** may refer to:

- Bay Area Rapid Transit a transportation organization for the San Francisco Bay Area
- Berkshire Arts & Technology Charter Public School (BArT), located in Adams, Massachusetts
- Bartholomew
- Bart Simpson
Alpha

**Alpha** (uppercase/lowercase **Α α**), is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, used to stand for the "a" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 1. Letters that came from it are the Roman A and Cyrillic А.

Alpha is often used in physics and chemistry as a symbol or in the names of things, for example alpha particles (which are two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle the same as a helium nucleus). The symbol is also used a lot in mathematics in algebra, for example in naming angles, and in statistics, to represent statistical significance level.

Alpha is also used in the modern day as a slang term to describe someone who is superior to another.  It gets it roots from an Alpha Male, or a wolf that is the head of the pack.  Additionally, alpha can refer to Generation Alpha.

## Related pages

- Alpha male
- NATO phonetic alphabet
- Generation Alpha
Beta

**Beta** (uppercase/lowercase **Β β**), is a letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "b" sound in Ancient Greek and "v" in Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 2. Letters that came from it include the Roman B and Cyrillic Б.

The sounds [b] and [v] resemble each other a lot. In Ancient Greek the "b" sound became "v" around 200 BC. Therefore, the letter B means the "v" sound in the Cyrillic alphabet, and a new letter, Б, was made for [b].

The letter beta is also used in finance, science and mathematics. For example. the beta function is named after the capital letter Β, and the probability of type II error in statistics is written with the lowercase β.

## Related pages

- Beta decay
- Beta particle
Gamma

**Gamma** (uppercase/lowercase **Γ γ**), is the third letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "g" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 3. Letters that came from it include the Roman G, Roman C, and Cyrillic Г.

In mathematics, the lowercase γ is used to represent Euler–Mascheroni constant, and the uppercase Γ is used to represent gamma function and gamma distribution.

In physics, gamma rays (γ-rays) are a kind of radiation that result from nuclear decay. In the physics and engineering, gamma is used to represent many different things, depending on the subject.

## Related pages

- Digamma
Epsilon

**Epsilon** (uppercase/lowercase **Ε ε**), is the letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "e" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 5. Letters that came from it include the Roman E and Cyrillic Е. It is also used in calculus to represent a very small number (particularly in proofs involving limit). In set theory, a typographical variant of epsilon can be used to represent the statement "a is a member of set A" (symbolically ).

(A little fact: The Ypsilon is the only letter of the alphabet that you can divide into syllables: Y-psi-lon)

## Related pages

- Delta
- Limit of a sequence, where epsilon is used
Digamma

**Digamma** or **Wau** (uppercase/lowercase/numeral **Ϝ ϝ ς**) was an old letter of the Greek alphabet. It was used before the alphabet converted its classical standard form. It looked like a Latin "F", but it was pronounced like "w". In the 5th century BC, people stopped using it because they could no longer pronounce the sound "w" in Greek. However, they kept it as a sign for the number "6" in the system of Greek numerals. It was originally called "Wau" because of its sound. Later, when the sound was lost, it was called "Digamma", which means "double Gamma", because it looks like a Gamma (Γ) with two hooks. The Latin letter F was also taken over from Wau.

In mathematics, the name "digamma" is used in digamma function, which is the derivative of the logarithm of gamma function (that is, ).

## Other websites

- Perseus Project: lexicon search for words starting with or containing digamma
Stigma (letter)

**Stigma** (uppercase/lowercase **Ϛ ϛ**), is a sign that was used in the Greek alphabet for the combination of the two letters Sigma (σ) and Tau (τ). It is also used as a symbol for the number 6 in the system of Greek numerals.
Zeta

**Zeta** (uppercase/lowercase **Ζ ζ**), is the letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "z" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 7. Letters that came from it include the Roman Z and Cyrillic З.

In mathematics, the lowercase Zeta is used to represent the Riemann Zeta Function.
Eta

**Eta** (uppercase/lowercase **Η η**) is a letter of the Greek alphabet. In very early Greek writing it stood for the consonant sound "h", but in Classical Greek it stood for a long vowel "e". In Modern Greek, it is pronounced as "i". In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 8. Letters that came from it include the Roman H and Cyrillic И.

In mathematics, the lowercase η is used to represent Dirichlet eta function. The same letter is also used to represent conformal time in cosmology, efficiency in telecommunications and elasticity in economics.

## Related pages

- Heta
Heta

**Heta** (uppercase/lowercase ****) is another name for the letter Eta (Η), a letter of the Greek alphabet, and also for some other variant forms of it. This name is used to show that this letter at first was pronounced as "h", just like in Latin. Later, in the Ionian dialect of Greek, people stopped pronouncing the sound "h", and therefore they gave the letter a new meaning and used it for a long "e" sound instead. Some other dialects then took over this new letter "Eta", and so they had to find a new form for the letter for "h". In some dialects they invented a new letter "" to stand for "h". Today, the name "Heta" is also used for this letter.
Theta

**Theta** (uppercase **Θ** / lowercase **θ**), is a letter in the Greek alphabet. It represents the "th" sound (as in "think") in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 9. The Cyrillic letter Ѳ came from theta.

In mathematics, the lowercase θ is used as a variable to represent an angle, and the uppercase Θ is used in big-theta notation (a variant of big-O notation). The lowercase θ is also used to represent the potential temperature in meteorology.
Iota

**Iota** (uppercase/lowercase **Ι ι**), is the letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the "i" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 10. Letters that came from it include the Roman I and Cyrillic І.

In mathematics, the lowercase  is used to represent the inclusion function in set theory. The term "iota" is also used to refer to an infinitesimal amount or an insignificant quantity.

## Related pages

- I (letter)
Lambda

**Lambda** (uppercase/lowercase **Λ λ**) is a letter of the Greek alphabet. It is used to represent the "l" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 30. Letters that came from it include the Roman L and Cyrillic Л.

In mathematics, the lowercase λ is used as a variable for eigenvalues in linear algebra, and as the parameter of both exponential distribution and Poisson distribution. In physics, the same symbol is used as a variable representing wavelength.

## Related pages

- Anonymous function, where the word "lambda" is used
Mu (letter)

<div>

**Mu** (uppercase/lowercase **Μ μ**) is a letter of the Greek alphabet used to represent the "m" sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 40. Letters that came from it include the Roman M and Cyrillic М.

In mathematics and statistics, the lowercase μ is used to represent population mean and the Möbius function. It is also used to represent coefficient of friction, micrometre and muon in physics.

## Related pages

- Mu (unit of area)

## References

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