juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Luby's shooting

The **Luby's massacre** was a mass murder on October 16, 1991, which took place at a Luby's restaurant in Killeen, Texas, United States.

George Hennard, a thirty-five year old man, drove his blue 1987 Ford Ranger pickup truck through the front window of a Luby's restaurant. He yelled "This is what Bell County did to me!" and started shooting customers and staff members with a Glock 17 and a Ruger P89. He shot and killed 23 people, ten of them with a single shot to the head. He also wounded 20 other people. Hennard had a dislike of women and survivors of the shooting said that he went by men to shoot the women. He also announced that "All women of Killeen and Belton are vipers!" He exchanged gunfire with police officers, hid in a bathroom and committed suicide.

One of the survivors of the massacre was former Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives Suzanna Hupp. Both her parents were killed in the shooting.

Until the 2007 Virginia Tech massacre, it was the deadliest shooting rampage in American history. It is now the sixth deadliest in the United States.

After the massacre, the Texas Legislature passed a shall-issue gun law in 1995, which required all qualifying applicants be issued a Concealed Handgun License (which is Texas' required permit to carry concealed weapons). To qualify for a license, the person must be free-and-clear of crimes, attend a minimum 10-hour class which is taught by a state-certified instructor, pass a 50-question test, show a high amount of skill in a 50-round shooting test, and must pass two background tests, one shallow and one deep. The license costs $140 for a four year license and applicants have to pay $10 for fingerprinting as well as instructor costs which vary. The law was campaigned by shooting survivor Suzanna Hupp and was signed by then-Governor George W. Bush.

The restaurant closed down on September 9, 2000. A Chinese-American buffet called Yank Sing is now located where the Luby's used to be.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: Luby's massacre
- **image**: Lubys memorial killeen.jpg
- **caption**: A memorial in Killeen honoring the victims of the Luby's massacre
- **location**: Killeen, Texas, Killeen, Texas, United States
- **date**: October 16, 1991
- **time**: 12:35 p.m. – 12:51 p.m.
- **timezone**: UTC-5
- **type**: Massacre, mass murder, murder-suicide
- **fatalities**: 24 (including the perpetrator)
- **injuries**: 20
- **perp**: George Hennard
- **weapons**: Glock 17
Ruger P89
Edward J. Walsh

**Edward Joseph Walsh** (March 5, 1942 – February 14, 2014) was an American journalist. He reported on politics. He made news reports from foreign countries. He worked for _The Washington Post_ and _The Oregonian_.

Walsh was born in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at the College of St. Thomas.

He died in Portland, Oregon, from lung cancer. He was aged 71.

## Other websites

- Obituary in _The Oregonian_
- Walsh recaps career for _The Oregonian_ (2009)
- "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night"

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Edward J. Walsh
- **birth name**: Edward Joseph Walsh
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **death place**: Portland, Oregon, Portland, Oregon, United States
- **occupation**: Political journalism, Political journalist
- **years active**: 1964–2009
Lesterville, South Dakota

**Lesterville** is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Yankton County, and 115 people lived there at the 2020 census. Lesterville became a city in 1883.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lesterville, South Dakota
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: Yankton_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Lesterville_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Yankton County, South Dakota, Yankton County and the state of South Dakota
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: South Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Yankton County, South Dakota, Yankton
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title3**: Incorporated
- **established date3**: 1883
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 0.52
- **area land km2**: 0.52
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.20
- **area land sq mi**: 0.20
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 115
- **population density km2**: 220.09
- **population density sq mi**: 569.31
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 1388
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 57040
- **area code**: Area code 605, 605
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 46-36540
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1267461
Lee Konitz

**Lee Konitz** (October 13, 1927 – April 15, 2020) was an American jazz composer and alto saxophonist. He was thought to be one of the main people involved in the cool jazz movement. Konitz has also performed successfully in bebop and experimental jazz.

Konitz was born in Chicago.

Konitz died in New York City on April 15, 2020 of COVID-19.

## Other websites

- A 1985 interview
- Lee Konitz: 12 Memorable Duets  by Thierry Quénum (Jazz.com)
- Lee Konitz Trio: Live At The Village Vanguard by _NPR_

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Lee Konitz
- **image**: Konitz Lee Koeln altes pfandhaus 201207.jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Leon Konitz
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, U.S.
- **instrument**: Alto saxophone
- **genre**: Jazz
Cool jazz
- **occupation**: Saxophonist, Composer
- **label**: RCA Red Seal
Atlantic Records
Verve Records
Prestige Records
Palmetto Records
- **associated acts**: Miles Davis, Gil Evans, Jim Hall (musician), Jim Hall, Elvin Jones, Lennie Tristano, Warne Marsh, Brad Mehldau, Charlie Haden
Sonny Rollins

**Theodore Walter** "**Sonny**" **Rollins** (born September 7, 1930) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist. Rollins is widely known as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians. A number of his compositions, such as "St. Thomas", "Oleo", "Doxy", and "Airegin", have become jazz standards.

Rollins was born in New York City.

## Other websites

- Sonny Rollins Official Website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sonny Rollins
- **image**: Sonny Rollins 2011.jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Theodore Walter Rollins
- **alias**: Newk, Colossus, Uncle Don
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States
- **instrument**: Tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone
- **genre**: Jazz, hard bop
- **occupation**: Musician, composer, bandleader
- **years active**: Late 1940s-present
- **label**: Prestige Records, Prestige, Blue Note Records, Blue Note, Contemporary Records, Contemporary, RCA Victor, Impulse!, Milestone Records, Milestone, Doxy
- **associated acts**: Clifford Brown, Miles Davis, Kenny Dorham, Art Farmer, Dizzy Gillespie, Babs Gonzales, J.J. Johnson, Jackie McLean, Thelonious Monk, Bud Powell, Max Roach
- **website**: http://www.sonnyrollins.com/
Phil Woods

**Philip Wells Woods** (November 2, 1931 – September 29, 2015) was an American jazz bebop alto saxophonist, clarinetist, bandleader and composer. Woods was born in Springfield, Massachusetts.

Woods died from emphysema on September 29, 2015 in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. He was 83.

## References

- Gonzalez, Henry (1990). _The Armadillo Years: A Visual History_
- Nisenson, Eric (1996).  _Round About Midnight — A Portrait of Miles Davis_ (2nd ed.). Da Capo: Printing Press.  .

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Phil Woods
- **image**: Phil_Woods_1978.jpg
- **caption**: Phil Woods in 1978.
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Philip Wells Woods
- **birth place**: Springfield, Massachusetts, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States
- **death place**: East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, United States
- **instrument**: Alto saxophone
Soprano saxophone
Clarinet
- **genre**: Jazz, bebop, hard bop, post-bop, crossover jazz
- **occupation**: Saxophonist, clarinetist, bandleader, composer
- **label**: Philology
- **associated acts**: Quincy Jones, Buddy Rich, Thelonious Monk, Dizzy Gillespie, Wes Montgomery, Gene Krupa, Benny Goodman, Billy Joel, Steely Dan, Paul Simon, Aretha Franklin, Oliver Nelson, Lalo Schifrin, Gary Burton, Bill Evans, Modern Jazz Quartet, Ron Carter
Utica, South Dakota

**Utica** is a town in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Yankton County, and 70 people lived there at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Utica, South Dakota
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: Yankton_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Utica_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Yankton County, South Dakota, Yankton County and the state of South Dakota
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: South Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Yankton County, South Dakota, Yankton
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 0.68
- **area land km2**: 0.68
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.26
- **area land sq mi**: 0.26
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 70
- **population density km2**: 102.43
- **population density sq mi**: 265.15
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 1365
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 57067
- **area code**: Area code 605, 605
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 46-65780
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1267609
First inauguration of Ronald Reagan

Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th president of the United States on January 20, 1981. This inauguration was the beginning of Reagan's eight years as President. George H. W. Bush was inaugurated as Vice President.

Reagan took the oath of office at the inauguration ceremony. Chief Justice Warren E. Burger gave the oath.

On the same day, hostages from the Iran hostage crisis are released as Reagan is sworn in as President.

## Related pages

- United States presidential election, 1980
- Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan

## Other websites

- Full text of the speech
- Full text, video, and audio of the speech
- New York Times coverage of the 1981 presidential inauguration
Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan

Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as the 40th president of the United States in January 1985. This was the beginning of Reagan's second term as President. George H. W. Bush was also inaugurated as Vice President for the second time.

There were two separate ceremonies. A private ceremony was held on January 20, and another was held publicly on January 21. This was done because the normal day for a Presidential inauguration, January 20, was a Sunday.

Reagan was sworn in as President during the private ceremony. It was held in the Grand Foyer of the White House. It was broadcast on television. The next day, Reagan took the oath in public under Chief Justice Warren E. Burger.

## Related pages

- First inauguration of Ronald Reagan
- 1984 United States presidential election
First inauguration of Barack Obama

Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th president of the United States on Tuesday, January 20, 2009. This inauguration was the beginning of the first term of Obama as President and of Joe Biden as Vice President. The oath of office was given by Chief Justice John G. Roberts on the Lincoln Bible.

The ceremony was attended by more people than any event held in Washington, D.C. Based on the combined numbers of people there, people watching it on television and the Internet, it was one of the most-watched events ever by the global audience.
First inauguration of Bill Clinton

The **first inauguration of Bill Clinton** as the 42nd president of the United States was held on January 20, 1993. This was the beginning of the first term of Bill Clinton as President and Al Gore as Vice President.

The ceremony took place at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Clinton was the first president elected after the Cold War period. He was the first Democrat elected in 16 years.

Clinton and Gore took over from outgoing President George H. W. Bush and outgoing Vice President Dan Quayle.

## Infobox (historical event)

- **event name**: First presidential inauguration of Bill Clinton
- **image name**: Bill Clinton taking the oath of office, 1993.jpg
- **image caption**: Bill Clinton takes the oath of office of the President of the United States, oath of office as the
42nd President of the United States.
- **organizers**: Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies#1993 committee, Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies
- **participants**: Bill Clinton
42nd President of the United States
_— Assuming office_
<hr>William Rehnquist
Chief Justice of the United States
_— Administering oath_
<hr>Al Gore
45th Vice President of the United States
_— Assuming office_
<hr>Byron White
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
_— Administering oath_
- **location**: United States Capitol,
Washington, D.C.
Anika Noni Rose

**Anika Noni Rose** (born September 6, 1972) is an American singer and actress. She is best known for her Tony Award-winning role in the Broadway production of _Caroline, or Change_. She is also known for her starring roles in movies such as _Dreamgirls_ (2006), _The Princess and the Frog_ (2009) and _For Colored Girls_ (2010).

Rose was born in Bloomfield, Connecticut.
First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin D. Roosevelt was inaugurated as the 32nd president of the United States on Saturday, March 4, 1933.

This inauguration was the beginning of the first term of Franklin D. Roosevelt as President and John Nance Garner as Vice President.

It was the last inauguration to be held on March 4. All since then have been held on January 20.
First inauguration of George W. Bush

The **first inauguration of George W. Bush** as the 43rd president of the United States happened on January 20, 2001. This was the beginning of the first term of George W. Bush as president and Dick Cheney as vice president.

Chief Justice William Rehnquist administered the oath of office at 12:01 p.m. An estimated 300,000 people attended the swearing-in ceremony.
Inauguration of John F. Kennedy

The **inauguration of John F. Kennedy** as the 35th president of the United States was held on Friday, January 20, 1961. It was held in the eastern section of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C..

This 44th inauguration was the beginning of the term of John F. Kennedy as President and Lyndon B. Johnson as Vice President.

Kennedy's address at the inauguration talked about the major themes of his campaign. It defined his presidency during a time of economic prosperity, emerging social changes, and diplomatic challenges.
Joseph Estrada

**Joseph** "**Erap**" **Ejército Estrada** (born **José Marcelo Ejército**; April 19, 1937) is a Filipino politician. He served as the thirteenth President of the Philippines from 1998 until 2001.

Estrada was the first person in the present Fifth Republican period to be elected both President and Vice-President. He is currently the Mayor of Manila, the country's capital. He was elected as mayor in the mid-term elections in 2013.

## Infobox (president)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **image**: Joseph Estrada Senate-Centennial-Dinner-20161006-010 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Joseph Estrada in 2018
- **office2**: 26th Mayor of Manila
- **1namedata2**: Isko Moreno
(2013–2016)
Honey Lacuna (2016–2019)
- **term start2**: June 30, 2013
- **term end2**: June 30, 2019
- **predecessor2**: Alfredo Lim
- **successor2**: Isko Moreno
- **office**: List of Presidents of the Philippines, 13th President of the Philippines
- **vicepresident**: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
- **term start**: June 30, 1998
- **term end**: January 20, 2001
- **predecessor**: Fidel Ramos
- **successor**: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
- **office3**: List of Vice Presidents of the Philippines, 9th Vice President of the Philippines
- **president3**: Fidel V. Ramos
- **term start3**: June 30, 1992
- **term end3**: June 30, 1998
- **predecessor3**: Salvador Laurel
- **successor3**: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
- **office4**: Chairman of the Presidential Anti-Crime Commission
- **president4**: Fidel Ramos
- **term start4**: 1992
- **term end4**: 1997
- **office5**: Senate of the Philippines, Senator of the Philippines
- **term start5**: June 30, 1987
- **term end5**: June 30, 1992
- **office6**: Mayor of San Juan, Metro Manila
- **term start6**: August 5, 1969
- **term end6**: March 26, 1986
- **predecessor6**: Braulio Santo Domingo
- **successor6**: Reynaldo San Pascual
- **birth name**: Jose Marcelo Ejercito
- **birth place**: Tondo, Manila, Commonwealth of the Philippines
- **party**: Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino, PMP <small>(1997–present)</small>
- **otherparty**: Nacionalista Party, Nacionalista <small>(1969–1988)</small>
Liberal Party (Philippines), Liberal Party <small>(1988–1991)</small>
Nationalist People's Coalition, NPC <small>(1991–1997)</small>
United Nationalist Alliance, UNA <small>(2012–2015)</small>
- **children**: 11 (incl. Jinggoy Estrada, Jinggoy, JV Ejercito, Joseph Victor)
- **alma mater**: Mapúa University
Central Colleges of the Philippines
- **occupation**: Actor, politician
- **residence**: Santa Mesa, Manila
- **profession**: Businessperson
Inauguration of Jimmy Carter

The **inauguration of Jimmy Carter** as the 39th president of the United States was held on January 20, 1977. The inauguration was the beginning of the four-year term of Jimmy Carter as President and Walter Mondale as Vice President. It was also the end of Gerald Ford's presidency.

Chief Justice Warren E. Burger administered the oath of office to Jimmy Carter, and House Speaker Tip O'Neill administered the Oath of office to Walter Mondale. This was the last inauguration that was set up on the East section of the U. S. Capitol.
Inauguration of George H. W. Bush

The **inauguration of George H. W. Bush** as the 41st president of the United States was held on January 20, 1989. The inauguration was the beginning of the four-year term of George H. W. Bush as President and Dan Quayle as Vice President.

Chief Justice William Rehnquist administered the Oath of office.
First inauguration of George Washington

The **first inauguration of George Washington** as the president of the United States took place on April 30, 1789.

The inauguration was the beginning of the first term of George Washington as president. John Adams had already taken office as vice president on April 21. Washington was sworn in by Chancellor of New York Robert Livingston.

Washington became the first president of the United States following the ratification of the Constitution.
First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln

The **first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln** as the 16th president of the United States took place on March 4, 1861. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Abraham Lincoln as President and Hannibal Hamlin as Vice President. Lincoln used his bible.
First inauguration of Thomas Jefferson

The **first inauguration of Thomas Jefferson** took place on March 4, 1801. Jefferson was sworn-in by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall. Jefferson became the third president of the United States.

It was the first presidential inauguration held in the United States's capitol, Washington, D.C. It was the beginning of Jefferson's first term as president and Aaron Burr as Vice President.
First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower

The **first inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower** as the 34th president of the United States was held on January 20, 1953. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Dwight D. Eisenhower as President and Richard Nixon as Vice President.

Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson administered the Oath of office to Eisenhower. Nixon was sworn in as Vice President by Senator William Knowland of California earlier.
First inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant

The **first inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant** as the 18th president of the United States took place on March 4, 1869. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Ulysses S. Grant as President and the only term of Schuyler Colfax as Vice President.

This inauguration was the first that both living parents of the president attended.

Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the oath of office. Andrew Johnson did not attend the inaugural ceremonies, as President-elect Grant refused to sit with him in the carriage going to it. Instead, he was in the White House signing last-minute legislation.
First inauguration of Andrew Jackson

The **first inauguration of Andrew Jackson** as the seventh president of the United States took place on March 4, 1829. The inauguration was the beginning of the first four-year term of Andrew Jackson as President. He is part of the modern Democratic Party.

It as also the second term that John C. Calhoun was Vice President. Calhoun resigned during his second term. Jackson was sworn in by Chief Justice John Marshall.
First inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt

The **first inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt** as the 26th president of the United States, took place on September 14, 1901 in Buffalo, New York. It took place after the assassination of President William McKinley.

John R. Hazel, U.S. District Judge for the Western District of New York, administered the oath of office. While some people called it an inauguration, others called it a swearing-in ceremony.
First inauguration of Harry S. Truman

The **first inauguration of Harry S. Truman** as the 33rd president of the United States happened on April 12, 1945. This was the beginning of Harry S. Truman's first term as president.

This inauguration happened after the sudden death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson

The **first inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson** as the 36th president of the United States occurred on November 22, 1963.

The inauguration was the beginning of the first term of Lyndon B. Johnson. That term lasted a year and two months instead of the usual four years. That was because Johnson was finishing the term of John F. Kennedy, who had been assassinated. This was the only presidential inauguration to be held on Air Force One.
Bob Weir

**Robert Hall "Bob" Weir** (October 16, 1947 – January 10, 2026) was an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is best known for being a member of the band _Grateful Dead_.

Weir was born in San Francisco, California. He studied at Menlo Atherton High School.

In the summer of 2025, Weir was diagnosed with cancer. He died from lung problems caused by cancer on January 10, 2026, at the age of 78.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Bob Weir
- **image**: Bob Weir playing with Ratdog, PNC Bank Arts Center.jpg
- **caption**: Weir performing in 2009
- **image size**: 250
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Robert Hall Weir
- **birth place**: San Francisco, California, San Francisco, California United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals, guitar,
- **genre**: Psychedelic rock, Rock music, rock
- **years active**: 1963–2026
- **label**: Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros., Arista Records, Arista, Grateful Dead
- **associated acts**: Grateful Dead, Kingfish (band), Kingfish, Bobby and the Midnites, RatDog, The Other Ones, The Dead (band), The Dead, Furthur (band), Furthur
First inauguration of Richard Nixon

The **first inauguration of Richard Nixon** as the 37th president of the United States was held on January 20, 1969.

The inauguration was the beginning of the term of Richard Nixon as President and Spiro Agnew as Vice President.

Chief Justice Earl Warren gave the oath of office to Nixon. Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen gave the oath to Spiro Agnew as Vice President.
First inauguration of Woodrow Wilson

The **first inauguration of Woodrow Wilson** took place on March 4, 1913. It was the beginning of his position as the 28th president of the United States and Thomas R. Marshall's tenure as Vice President.

Chief Justice Edward D. White administered the oath of office. Wilson wanted and asked that the inaugural ball to be canceled. He found it inappropriate for the occasion because of women's suffrage and women's rights protesting.
Philip Levine (poet)

**Philip Levine** (January 10, 1928 – February 14, 2015) was an American poet and teacher. He was best known for his poems about working-class Detroit.

He taught for more than thirty years at California State University, Fresno. He also taught at other different schools. He was appointed Poet Laureate of the United States for 2011–2012. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1995.

Levine died of pancreatic cancer on February 14, 2015 in Fresno, California, aged 87.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Philip Levine
- **image**: Phil Levine by David Shankbone.jpg
- **caption**: Levine reading in 2006
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan, US
- **death place**: Fresno, California, Fresno, California, US
- **occupation**: Poet
- **alma mater**: Wayne State University University of Iowa
- **spouse**: Patty Kanterman
(1951–1953),
Frances J. Artley
(1954–2015)
- **children**: Mark, John, Teddy
- **years active**: 1963–2015
- **awards**: United States Poet Laureate
Munich massacre

The **Munich massacre** was an attack that happened on September 5th and 6th during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. 11 members of the Israel Olympic team were murdered after being taken hostage. A German police officer was also killed.

The militants demanded the Israeli government to release 234 prisoners held in Israeli jails. Of the eight attackers, five were killed by the police and three were arrested. The three were released from jail.

## List of fatalities

- Shot during the initial break-in
- Moshe Weinberg, wrestling coach
- Yossef Romano, weightlifter

- Shot and killed by grenade in eastern-side helicopter D-HAQO
- According to the order in which they were seated, from left to right:
- Ze'ev Friedman, weightlifter
- David Berger, weightlifter (survived grenade but died of smoke inhalation)
- Yakov Springer, weightlifting judge
- Eliezer Halfin, wrestler

- Shot in western-side helicopter D-HAQU
- According to the order in which they were seated, from left to right:
- Yossef Gutfreund, wrestling referee
- Kehat Shorr, shooting coach
- Mark Slavin, wrestler
- Andre Spitzer, fencing coach
- Amitzur Shapira, track coach

- Shot in control tower during gunfight
- Anton Fliegerbauer, West German police officer

- Palestinian militants shot dead by West German police
- Luttif Afif ("Issa")
- Yusuf Nazzal ("Tony")
- Afif Ahmed Hamid ("Paolo")
- Khalid Jawad ("Salah")
- Ahmed Chic Thaa ("Abu Halla")

## Other websites

- The Israeli Response to the 1972 Munich Massacre  – Includes an extensive overview of the Munich massacre
- A Tribute to the 1972 Israeli Olympic Athletes – Includes biographies and photographs for each of the 11 Israeli athletes killed
- _Time Magazine_ , 4 December 2005
- Special Publication of Israel State Archives: The Fortieth Anniversary of the Massacre of the Israeli Athletes in Munich

## Infobox (terrorist attack)

- **title**: Munich massacre
- **image**: MunichIsraeliOlympicFront.jpg
- **caption**: Front view of Connollystraße 31 in 2007. The window of Apartment 1 is to the left of and below the balcony.
- **location**: Munich, West Germany
- **target**: Israel at the 1972 Summer Olympics, Israeli Olympic team
- **date**: –
- **time**: 4:31 am – 12:04 am
- **timezone**: UTC+1
- **fatalities**: * 6 Israeli coaches
* 5 Israeli athletes
* 1 West German police officer
* 5 Black September members
- **perps**: Black September Organization, Black September
- **motive**: Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Juan Antonio Samaranch

**Don Juan Antonio Samaranch y Torelló, 1st Marquis of Samaranch** (17 July 1920 – 21 April 2010) was a Spanish sports administrator. He served as the seventh President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) from 1980 to 2001.

Samaranch died of cardio-respiratory failure on 21 April 2010, aged 89.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Most Excellent
- **name**: The Marquess of Samaranch
- **image**: JASamaranch.jpg
- **caption**: Samaranch in 1998
- **office**: 7th President of the International Olympic Committee
- **term start**: 3 August 1980
- **term end**: 16 July 2001
- **predecessor**: Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin, Lord Killanin
- **successor**: Jacques Rogge
- **office2**: Honorary President of the International Olympic Committee
- **term start2**: 16 July 2001
- **term end2**: 21 April 2010
- **president2**: Jacques Rogge
- **predecessor2**: _Vacant_, last held by Lord Killanin (1999)
- **successor2**: _Vacant_, next held by Jacques Rogge (2013)
- **birth place**: Barcelona, Restoration (Spain), Spain
- **death place**: Barcelona, Spain
- **nationality**: Spanish
- **children**: 2, including Juan Antonio Samaranch Salisachs, Juan Antonio
- **residence**: Barcelona, Spain
- **alma mater**: IESE Business School, IESE, Universidad de Navarra
- **occupation**: Sports administrator
Diplomat
Petäjävesi

**Petäjävesi** is a municipality in Central Finland. About 4,100 people lived there in January 2014. Petäjävesi is next to the municipalities of Jyväskylä, Jämsä, Keuruu, Multia and Uurainen.

## Other websites

- Petäjävesi
Long-term memory

**Long-term memory** (LTM) is our memory of past events. It follows from short-term memory, and involves the growth of nerve synapses which are very long-lasting.

## Types of LTM

The brain does not store memories in one unified structure, as might be seen in a computer's hard disk drive. Instead, different types of memory are stored in different regions of the brain.  Long term memory is typically divided up into two major headings: explicit memory and implicit memory.

### Explicit memory

Explicit or 'declarative' memory refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and knowledge.  These are partly encoded by the hippocampus, stored elsewhere. Exactly where is unknown, but the temporal cortex has been proposed as a likely candidate. Research shows that amnesiac patients with damage to the medial temporal lobe performed more poorly on explicit learning tests than did healthy controls. However, the same patients performed at the same rate as healthy controls on _implicit_ learning tests.  This implies that the medial temporal lobe is heavily involved in explicit learning, but not in implicit learning.

### Implicit Memory

Implicit or procedural memory refers to the use of objects or movements of the body, such as how exactly to use a pencil, drive a car, or ride a bicycle.  This type of memory is encoded and it is presumed stored by the striatum and other parts of the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia is believed to mediate procedural memory and other brain structures and is largely independent of the hippocampus.  The parietal and occipital regions are associated with implicit memory.

### Emotional memory

The memory for events that evoke a particularly strong emotion may involve both declarative and procedural memory processes.  Emotional memories are consciously available, but elicit a powerful, unconscious physiological reaction.  Research indicates that the amygdala is extremely active during emotional situations, and acts with the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the encoding and consolidation of emotional events.

## Working memory

Working memory (STM) is not part of long term memory, but is important for long term memory to work. Working memory holds and works on information for a short period before it is either forgotten or put into long term memory. Then, to remember something from long term memory, it must come back into working memory. If working memory is overloaded it can affect the encoding of long term memory.
Natalie Appleton

**Natalie Jane Appleton Howlett** (born 14 May, 1973) is a Canadian pop singer and actress. She became famous as a member of the band All Saints. During part of All Saints' five years of inactivity, she was a member of Appleton with her younger sister Nicole Appleton. The sisters starred in the movie _Honest_ in 2000.

Appleton was born in Mississauga, Ontario. Her daughter was born in 1992. She married her daughter's father, Carl Robinson, in New York in 1993. The couple divorced in 1995. She married Liam Howlett of The Prodigy in 2002. The couple's son was born in 2004.
Sensory memory

**Sensory memory** (**SM**) is an automatic response, not under conscious control. It deals with the input from the senses. The information people received which is stored in sensory memory is just long enough to be transferred to short-term memory.

The information in SM is the "raw data" of a person's overall sensory experience. There are four common features to all forms of SM:
1. The formation of a SM trace is independent of attention to the stimulus.
1. The information stored in SM is modality specific. This means for example, that echoic memory is only for storing auditory information, and haptic memory is only for storing tactile information.
1. Each SM store has an immense amount of detail.
1. Each SM trace is very brief and lasts a very short period of time. Once the SM trace has decayed or is replaced by a new memory, the information stored is no longer accessible and is ultimately lost.

The SM is made up of stores of different kinds of information. Each has different rates of information processing and decay. Genetics also plays a role in SM capacity.
Kristof Goddaert

**Kristof Goddaert** (21 November 1986 – 18 February 2014) was a Belgian road racing cyclist. He competed as a professional between 2008 and 2014 for the Topsport Vlaanderen-Mercator, Ag2r-La Mondiale and IAM Cycling squads. He was born in Sint-Niklaas, Belgium.

Goddaert died was killed on 18 February 2014 during a training ride in Antwerp. He fell from his bike and was struck by a De Lijn bus. He was 27 years old.
Ferry Hoogendijk

**Ferdinand Alexander** "**Ferry**" **Hoogendijk** (23 November 1933 – 14 February 2014) was a Dutch political scientist, journalist and politician. He was the editor of _Elsevier_ and a member of the parliamentary group of the Pim Fortuyn List (, LPF). He was born in Gouda, South Holland.

Hoogendijk died on 14 February 2014 in Naarden, North Holland. He was 80 years old.
Ernst Bakker

**Ernst Carel Bakker** (16 April 1946 in Hellendoorn – 8 February 2014 in Hilversum) was a Dutch politician of Democrats 66 (D66).

Bakker was merely active in local politics. He served as a councillor of Amsterdam for several years, and was also an alderman from 1992 to 1998. Afterwards he was mayor of Hilversum from 1998 to 2011. In between he was for a brief period a member of the House of Representatives, from 1981 to 1982.

Bakker died at the age of 67 in 2014.

## Other websites

- Biography at Parlement.com
Magnus

**Magnus** [ **mahg**-n_oo_s **ahn**-n_oo_s ] is a name that means "great" in Latin. It was sometimes used as a given name by the Romans. Magnus is a timeless name that remains in vogue even today. Its robust and potent connotation makes it an excellent pick for parents who desire to bestow upon their offspring a name that exudes power and assurance. Of Latin derivation, the name Magnus translates to "great" or "mighty." It was a common appellation among Roman rulers and was also adopted by ancient Christian saints. Throughout the ages, the name has been favored by monarchs, fighters, and other formidable personalities, which has contributed to its commanding and influential aura. The name spread with the Catholic Church, which spoke Latin. It became very common among the nobility in Scandinavia. This name was ranked #728 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People

People with this name include:

### Kings of Norway

- Magnus I of Norway (1024–1047)
- Magnus II of Norway (1048–1069)
- Magnus III of Norway (1073–1103)
- Magnus IV of Norway (c. 1115–1139)
- Magnus V of Norway (1156–1184)
- Magnus VI of Norway (1238–1280)
- Magnus VII of Norway (1316–1374)

### Kings of Sweden

- Magnus I of Sweden (c. 1106–1134)
- Magnus II of Sweden (died 1161)
- Magnus III of Sweden (1240–1290)
- Magnus IV of Sweden (1316–1374), also Magnus VII of Norway

### Other

- Charlemagne, whose Latin name was "Carolus Magnus"
- Albertus Magnus, German theologian and philosopher
- Magnus Rosén, Swedish musician
- Magnus Carlsen, Norwegian chess player
- Magnus Uggla, Swedish pop and rock singer
- Magnus Wenninger, American mathematician, teacher, geometer
- Magnus Beronius, Swedish archbishop
Richard Hayman

**Richard Hayman** (27 March 1920 – 5 February 2014) was an American arranger, harmonica player and conductor. He served as an arranger for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) movies _Girl Crazy_ (1930), _Thousands Cheer_ (1943), and _Meet Me in St. Louis_ (1944). He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Hayman died at a hospice in New York. He was 93 years old.

## Other websites

- [ Richard Hayman] at AllMusic
Dick Hyman

**Richard** "**Dick**" **Hyman** (born March 8, 1927) is an American jazz pianist, keyboardist and composer. He is best known for his skill with jazz piano styles.

Hyman was born in New York City, New York.
Alfonso Cuarón

**Alfonso Cuarón Orozco** (; born 28 November 1961) is a Mexican movie director, screenwriter, producer and editor. He is best known for his movies _A Little Princess_ (1995), _Y tu mamá también_ (2001), _Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban_ (2004), _Children of Men_ (2006), _Gravity_ (2013), which earned him an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award and _Roma_.

Cuarón is also close friends with fellow Mexican filmmakers Guillermo del Toro and Alejandro G. Iñárritu. The group is sometimes known as "The Three Amigos of Cinema".

Cuarón was born in Mexico City. He has been married twice. He has three children.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alfonso Cuarón
- **image**: Alfonso Cuaron by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Cuarón at 2013 San Diego Comic-Con International.
- **nationality**: Mexican
- **occupation**: Movie director, screenwriter, producer and editor
Alexander Payne

**Constantine Alexander Payne** (born February 10, 1961) is an American movie director, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for his movies _Election_ (1999), _About Schmidt_ (2002), _Sideways_ (2004), _The Descendants_ (2011), _Nebraska_ (2013) and _Downsizing_ (2017).

Payne was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He married Canadian actress Sandra Oh in 2003. The couple divorced in 2006.
David O. Russell

**David Owen Russell** (born August 20, 1958) is an American movie director, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for his movies _Spanking the Monkey_ (1994), _Flirting with Disaster_ (1996), _Three Kings_ (1999), _I Heart Huckabees_ (2004), _The Fighter_ (2010), _Silver Linings Playbook_ (2012), and _American Hustle_ (2013). He also directed 2015's Accidental Love under the pseudonym "Stephen Greene" after Kristin Gore, daughter of Al Gore and Russell disowned the film. He also made Joy also in 2015.  In 2020 he is working on a new film.

David O. Russell was born in New York City, New York.

## Personal life

He has a child with Janet Grillo whom he was married to from 1992 until 2007. He has since adopted a son with his partner, Holly Davis.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: David Owen Russell
- **image**: David O. Russell avp 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Russell on February 3, 2014
31 BC

Year **31 BC** was either a common year starting on Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday or a leap year starting on Tuesday or Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Antonius and Octavianus**.

## Events

- Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian becomes Roman Consul for the third time. His partner is Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus, replacing Mark Antony.
- Octavian establishes a bridgehead at the Gulf of Ambracia
- Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa sailed with 300 war galleys to the western Peloponnese. He occupied the Gulf of Corinth to cut off Antony's line of communication.
- Antony sets up camp at the promontory of Actium.
- Agrippa stormed Leucas. He took the garrison at Patrae.
- The Egyptian fleet retreats to Taenarus.
- Octavian takes court at Samos
- In the Judean Desert Herod the Great completes the fortress Masada.
- The Hellenistic period in art ends (or AD 14 by some scholars)
Memoirs

***Memoirs*** is the fourth studio album by The 3rd and the Mortal. The album was released on May 7, 2002.

## Track listing

1. "Zeppoliner" – 5:54
1. "Good Evening Mr. Q" – 5:22
1. "The City" – 6:00
1. "Reflections" – 4:43
1. "Thin Dark Line" – 6:40
1. "Fools Like Us" – 4:25
1. "Those of My Kind" – 5:37
1. "Simple Minds" – 6:52
1. "Spider" – 5:05

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Memoirs
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: The 3rd and the Mortal
- **released**: May 7, 2002
- **genre**: Avant-garde music, Experimental music, trip hop
- **length**: 50:28
- **label**: Voices of Wonder
- **prev title**: In This Room
- **prev year**: 1997
32 BC

Year **32 BC** was either a common year starting on Monday or Tuesday or a leap year starting on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Ahenobarbus and Sosius**.

## Events

- Final War of the Roman Republic: Mark Antony transferred his headquarters from Samos to Athens
- Sparta declared support for Octavian.
- July – The Roman Senate declares war upon Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII.

## Deaths

- Titus Pomponius Atticus, Roman nobleman of the Equestrian order (b. 109 BC)
Multia

**Multia** is a municipality in Central Finland. About 1,800 people lived there in January 2014. Petäjävesi is next to the municipalities of Keuruu, Petäjävesi, Saarijärvi, Uurainen and Ähtäri. Multia is established 1868. Multia is famous for it's Ice Kicksled World Championship held every winter.

## Other websites

- Multia
- 25th Kicksled World Championships: March in Multia
- Villages in Multia
Soini

**Soini** is a municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had about 2,300 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Alajärvi, Karstula, Kyyjärvi, Saarijärvi and Ähtäri. The municipality was established in 1868.

## Other websites

- Page
Siligo

**Siligo** is a city in the region of Logudoro in northern Sardinia, Italy.

Siligo is next to the following municipalities: Ardara, Banari, Bessude, Bonnanaro, Codrongianos, Florinas, Mores, Ploaghe.

## Main sights

- Archeological site of Monte sant'Antoni: a prehistoric Federal Nuragic Sanctuary
- Archeological site of Mesumundu: an old Roman area and medieval
- Church of_ Nostra Segnora de Mesumundu_,  built in the Byzantine age (6th century AD) upon the ruins of a Roman baths (2nd century AD). The church was modified after 1065 by the Benedictine monks of Montecassino.
- Church of _Santi Elia ed Enoch_: built on the top of the Monte Santo and modified by Benedictine monks after 1065.

## Notable people

- Maria Carta (1934-1994), folk singer and actress
- Gavino Ledda, author of an autobiographical work _Padre padrone_ (1975)

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **image shield**: Siligo-Stemma.png
- **official name**: Comune di Siligo
- **region**: Sardinia
- **name**: Siligo
- **province**: Province of Sassari, Sassari (SS)
- **elevation m**: 452
- **area total km2**: 43.6
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 813
- **area code**: 079
- **postal code**: 07040
- **population demonym**: Silighesi
- **saint**: St. Victoria
- **day**: December 23
- **mayor**: Giovanni Porcheddu (since October 2020)
- **website**: [http://www.comunesiligoit www.comunesiligo.it]
Maria Carta

**Maria Carta** (24 June 1934 – 22 September 1994) was a Sardinian folk music singer-songwriter. She also performed in film and theater. In 1975, she wrote a book of poetry, _Ritual Song_.

She was born in Siligo, Sassari, Sardinia. She died of cancer in Rome.

## Discography

- 1971 _Sardegna canta_
- 1971 _Ninna nanna / Muttos de amore_
- 1971 _Adiu a mama / Antoneddu Antoneddu_
- 1971 _Trallallera corsicana / La ragazza moderna_
- 1971 _Paradiso in Re_
- 1973 _Nuovo maggio_ / _Funerale di un lavoratore_
- 1974 _Dilliriende_
- 1974 _Amore disisperadu / Ave Maria_
- 1974 _Dies Irae_
- 1975 _Diglielo al tuo Dio _ / _Nuovo maggio_
- 1975 _Maria Carta_
- 1976 _Vi canto una storia assai vera_
- 1976 _La voce e i canti di Maria Carta vol.1_
- 1976 _La voce e i canti di Maria Carta vol. 2_
- 1978 _No potho reposare_ / _Ballada ogliastrina / Muttettu_
- 1978 _Umbras_
- 1980 _Haidiridiridiridiridinni_
- 1984 _Maria Carta concerto dal vivo _
- 1981 _Sonos ‘e memoria_
- 1984 _Sonos’ e memoria_
- 1992 _Chelu e mare_
- 1993 _Le memorie della musica_
- 1993 _Muttos ‘e amore_
- 1993 _Trallallera_
- 2002 _Sardegna canta_

## Filmography

- 1977 _Jesus of Nazareth (miniseries)_ (by Franco Zeffirelli) as Martha
- 1974 _The Godfather Part II_ (by Francis Ford Coppola) as Vito Corleone's mom
- 1976 _Cecilia - Storia di una comune anarchica_ (by Comolli) as Olimpia
- 1977 _Cadaveri eccellenti_ (by Francesco Rosi) as Signora Cres
- 1980 _Un reietto delle isole_ (based on by Joseph Conrad's novel _An Outcast of the Islands_) (by Giorgio Moser)
- 1985 _Derborence_
- 1986 _Il camorrista_ (by Giuseppe Tornatore) as The mother
- 1988 _Disamistade_ (by Gianfranco Cabiddu) as "Madre Di Sebastiano"
- 1992 _Il commissario Corso_ (telefilm)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Maria Carta
- **image**: Maria Carta.jpg
- **caption**: _Radiocorriere_ magazine, issue 42, 1974, page 64
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Maria Carta
- **origin**: Siligo, Italy
- **genre**: Music of Sardinia, Sardinian folk
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter
- **years active**: 1973–1994
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **label**: RCA
Michio Mado

was a Japanese poet. He won the international Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 1994 for his "lasting contribution to children's literature".

Mado was born as **Michio Ishida** in Tokuyama, Yamaguchi prefecture. He died on February 28, 2014, aged 104.

## Other websites

- Mado dies
C. R. Simha

**Channapatna Ramaswami Simha** () better known as **C. R. Simha** () (June 16, 1942 – February 28, 2014) was an Indian actor, director, dramatist and a playwright.

He was best known for his work on Kannada movies and for his work in stage shows. He directed many successful stage shows such as _Kakanakote_, _Thughlaq_ and _Sankranthi_.

## Early life

Simha was born on 16 June 1942 in Channapatna, Karnataka, India.
He first went on stage when he was 12.
At National College, Bengaluru, he joined the drama club and began to direct small plays. In 1972 Simha and his friends started a theatre group called **Nataranga**.
With this group he directed famous Kannada plays

## Personal life

Simha married Sharada Simha.
Their son Ritwik Simha became a film director.
His younger brother, Srinath, is also a well-known Kannada film actor.

## Death

Simha died at a hospital in Bangalore from prostate cancer, aged 71.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: C. R. Simha
- **image**: A portrait of Shri C.R.Simha who will be presented with the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for Theatre - Acting (Kannada)by the President Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam in New Delhi on October 26, 2004.jpg
- **caption**: October 26, 2004.
- **birth name**: Channapatna Ramaswamy Simha
- **birth place**: Channapatna, Karnataka,India
- **death place**: Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- **nationality**: Indian
- **occupation**: Actor, Movie director, Theatre, Theatre director