juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Hyundai Stellar

The **Hyundai Stellar** is a large family car made by the Hyundai Motor Company. It was produced from July 1983 to 1992. The Stellar was made to replace the Ford Cortina, which Hyundai had built under license. The car was designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro. It used a rear-wheel drive chassis from the Ford Cortina Mark V and had an engine and transmission licensed from Mitsubishi Motors.

## History and Features

The Hyundai Stellar was introduced in 1983 and was made until 1992. It came with different engine options, such as 1.4 L, 1.6 L, and 2.0 L engines. The car was available with both manual and automatic transmissions.

In 1987, the Stellar was updated and became the Stellar II. This new version had a better 2.0 L engine, new headlights, and suspension. It also received larger brakes and a two-piece driveshaft.

## Markets

The Hyundai Stellar was sold in many countries, including Europe, Canada, and South Korea. It was sold in the UK from 1984 until 1991. In Canada, it was sold until 1992. The Stellar was Hyundai’s second model to be sold in Europe, after the Hyundai Pony.

In the United States, the Stellar was not sold because it did not meet the country's strict emission standards. However, it was still available in other countries like Canada and some European markets.

## Discontinuation

The Hyundai Stellar was replaced by the Hyundai Sonata in 1992 in many markets, including Canada and Europe. In South Korea, the lower models of the Stellar were also replaced by the Sonata.

The Stellar was the last rear-wheel drive car made by Hyundai in North America. After the Hyundai Genesis in 2009, Hyundai stopped making rear-wheel drive cars for the North American market.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **image**: Hyundai Stellar 1986 Sri Lanka (Front).jpg
- **name**: Hyundai Stellar
- **manufacturer**: Hyundai Motor Company, Hyundai
- **production**: 1983–1992
- **class**: Mid Size Sedan
- **layout**: FR layout
- **predecessor**: Ford Cortina
- **related**: Ford Cortina#MkV, Ford Cortina Mark V
Ford Taunus
- **successor**: Hyundai Elantra
Hyundai Sonata
- **transmission**: 4-speed Mitsubishi _KM119_ Manual transmission, manual
5-speed Mitsubishi _KM119_ Manual transmission, manual
3-speed Borg-Warner _03-55L_ Automatic transmission, automatic
4-speed Borg-Warner _03-71_ automatic with overdrive (1987 only)
- **length**: 4,416 mm (173.9 in)
- **wheelbase**: 2,579 mm (101.5 in)
- **height**: 1,372 mm (54.0 in)
- **width**: 1,716 mm (67.6 in)
- **weight**: 1,000 kg (2,204 lb)
- **designer**: Giorgetto Giugiaro at Italdesign
- **doors**: 4
Allobates trilineatus

The **three-striped rocket frog** (_Allobates trilineatus_) is a frog.  It lives in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

## Body

The adult male frog can be 15.0-17-7 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog can be 15.2-19.3 mm long. The skin of the frog's back is dark brown in color. The male frog has a gray throat with spots. There are two stripes down each side of the body (four stripes). The sides of the body are dark brown in color.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day. It lives on the dead leaves on the ground in tropical forests. People have seen it in places where people cut down some trees but not all of them. Scientists saw the frog between 100 and 250 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in many protected parks, for example Parque Nacional Manu, Bahuaja-Sonene National Park, Tambopata Reserve, and Pacaya Samiria Reserve. Scientists think it could also live in Yasuni National Park, Área de Proteção Ambiental Igarapé São Francisco, Estação Ecológica Rio Acre, Reserva Biológica Limoncocha, Floresta Nacional do Macaua, Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Parque Nacional Mapinguari, and Reserva Extrativista Arapixi.

## Young

The female frog lays her eggs on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the male frog carries the tadpoles to water, where the tadpoles swim and grow.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Humans do change the places where the frog lives to make farms and places for animals to eat grass.
Regional Bell Operating Company

The **Regional Bell Operating Company** (**RBOC** for short) was a corporate business. They were created from the antitrust lawsuit from the United States Department of Justice against the American Telephone and Telegraph group (or AT&T) in 1974. This lawsuit was settled under the Modification of Final Judgment on January 8, 1982.

The AT&T Corporation agreed getting rid of their local exchange service networks. That became effective January 1, 1984. Those local operating service companies were broken into seven independent Regional Bell Operating Companies, also known as the **Baby Bells**.

The RBOCs were known as also the **Regional Holding Companies** (RHCs in shorthand). Three companies (as of December 2024) have RBOCs for their earlier companies. They include AT&T (formerly Southwestern Bell and the BellSouth), Verizon (previously Bell Atlantic and GTE), and Lumen Technologies (formerly the CenturyTel and CenturyLink).

## The Baby Bells

When the Bell System was phased out, the following geographic area RBOCs/Baby Bell networks were named as follows. They were:
- Ameritech
- Bell Atlantic
- BellSouth
- NYNEX
- The Pacific Telesis
- Southwestern Bell Corporation (or SBC Communications)
- US West

## The mergers

Southwestern Bell Corporation (or SBC) and AT&T (along with BellSouth) were combined to become "new" AT&T in 2005 or 2006. Likewise, US West on June 30, 2000 was merged to Qwest (which later merged into CenturyLink eleven years later and Lumen Technologies in 2020).

### The other related networks

Other related communications to the former RBOCs include Consolidated Communications (also called FairPoint) and Frontier Communications.
Pacific Telesis

The **Pacific Telesis Group** (or **PacTel**) were one of the seven Regional Bell Operating Companies. These RBOCs were created in 1983 or 1984. The Pacific Telesis were made of the Pacific Bell, Nevada Bell and Pacific Telesis International. They were headquartered in San Francisco, California though incorporated in Nevada.

The Pacific Telesis vanished rather fast when they were acquired by SBC Commumications (formerly the original Southwestern Bell) in April 1997. In turn, SBC would later become the new AT&T Incorporated.

## The nickname

The Pacific Telesis were more commonly called "PacBell". Before the 1984 Bell System breakup, the actual corporate name for the principal subsidiary Pacific Bell was the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph (also known as the "PacTel").

The networks became AT&T West beginning in 2005 or 2006 after SBC Communications, AT&T and BellSouth combined to become the "new" AT&T.
Lin Yu-ting

**Lin Yu-ting** (; born 13 December 1995) is a Taiwanese boxer. She won a gold medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics. She is the first winner of an Olympic gold medal in boxing for Chinese Taipei.

Lin started boxing at 13; she started to protect her mother from domestic violence.

## Infobox (boxer)

- **name**: Lin Yu-ting
- **native name**: 林郁婷
- **native name lang**: zh-tw
- **image**: Lin Yu-ting 2024.jpg
- **alt**: Image of Lin smiling
- **caption**: Lin in 2024
- **birth place**: New Taipei City, Taipei County, Taiwan
- **height**: 175 cm
- **boxrec**: 889134
- **total**: 64
- **wins**: 47
- **ko**: 1
- **losses**: 14
- **draws**: 0
- **no contests**: 3
- **show-medals**: no
National Women’s Political Caucus

The **National Women's Political Caucus** is a progressive, pro-choice, multi-partisan, grassroots membership organization dedicated to identifying, recruiting, training, and supporting women candidates for elected and appointed office.

## History

The **National Woman's Political Caucus (NWPC)** is an organization founded in 1971 by leaders of the women's liberation movement to promote women's participation in government. The group describes itself as a multi-partisan grassroots organization in the United States dedicated to recruiting, training, and supporting women who seek elected and appointed offices at all levels of government. The NWPC endorses female candidates at the state and national level who adhere to the organization's core set of values.

An Organizing Convention for the NWPC was hosted in Washington, D.C. from July 10 to 11, 1971. Approximately 324 women were in attendance, representing 27 states and the District of Columbia; attendees included Bella Abzug, Shirley Chisholm, Betty Friedan, Fannie Lou Hamer, LaDonna Harris, Mildred Jeffrey, Florynce Kennedy, Jill Ruckelshaus, and Gloria Steinem. At the founding meeting, Steinem delivered an _Address to the Women of America_, in which she characterized feminism as a "revolution" that meant striving for a society free of racism and sexism; the speech, delivered at the height of the women's movement, became a milestone in U.S. female oratory.

## Other websites

- https://nwpc.org/
- https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Womens-Political-Caucus
- https://cawp.rutgers.edu/node/2251
- https://law.utexas.edu/farenthold/national/national-womens-political-caucus/
Knowing Bros (TV series)

***Knowing Bros*** (), also known as ***Men on a Mission*** or ***Ask Us Anything***, is a South Korean TV show where male comedians play high school students, welcoming star `transfer students' every week and engaging in battles of witty humour and slapstick.
Poland–Ukraine border

**Poland-Ukraine border** is the line that borders the countries of Poland and Ukraine, which was already the border between the People's Republic of Poland and Soviet Ukraine.

## History

The border between Poland and Ukraine was first formed, briefly, after the Polish-Ukrainian war of 1919. The 1920 Treaty of Warsaw divided the disputed territories in favor of Poland along the Zbruch River. The following year, however, Ukraine lost its independence following its annexation to the Soviet Union, and its remaining territories were divided between Poland and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the Peace of Riga.

The dissolution of the Soviet Union into several states transformed the border between this federation and Poland into the Poland-Russia, Poland-Lithuania, Poland-Belarus and Poland-Ukraine border chain. Poland and Ukraine confirmed their border on May 18, 1992. It is the longest eastern border in Poland. The border became much more open compared to Soviet times, when despite both countries being part of the Eastern Bloc, crossing was very difficult.  As the border opened to mass trafficking, the number of people crossing the Polish-Ukrainian border began to increase steadily since 1990, stabilizing around the 2000s. Approximately 3 million Ukrainians crossed the border annually in the 1990s. One of highest numbers was recorded in 2001, with nearly 12 million people crossing the border.

Examining Polish-Ukrainian border traffic in the 1990s, it is observed that the movement of citizens from Ukraine to Poland is higher than vice versa, and that this trend increases over time. For example, in 1995, the largest border crossing with Ukraine, Medyce, exceeded 3.4 million people in transit.

## Related pages

- External borders of the European Union and the Schengen area

## Infobox (border)

- **image**: Poland Ukraine locator (Crimea disputed).png
- **established**: 1951
- **length**: 526 km
Guido Henderickx

**Guido Herman Celina Henderickx** (29 August 1942 – 17 December 2024) was a Belgian film director of movies, documentaries and television programs.

## Biography

Hendrickx was born on 29 August 1942 in Antwerp. He studied at the  in Brussels where he graduated in 1966.

After his studies at the Antwerp drama school, Hendrickx started working with the film group “Fugitive Cinema”. Together with Robbe De Hert and Patrick Le Bon, he made the short films _S.O.S. Fonske_ in 1968 and _De dood van een sandwichman_ in 1971. The first movie he directed was **' in 1975. His second movie was **' in 1979. Together with among others Arno Hintjens, Hilde Van Mieghem and Josse De Pauw he directed his third film ‘Skin’ in 1988. With this movie Hebdrickx was nominated for a International Fantasy Film Award.

Hendrickx became most known for the 1993 mini series __ at VTM after the book with the same title by Lode Zielens. The same year the series was awarded the HA! by _Humo_. In 2006 it is followed by '' at VTM of which also a cinema version was made.

Between the two series he directed his fourth film  including themes of as child abuse, prostitution, self-mutilation and horny priests.

Hendrickx was also a teacher in film directing at LUCA School of Arts in Brussels.

Henderickx died on 17 December 2024, at the age of 82 years old. Several people from the Flemish film industry publicly responded to his death, including film director  and actors Koen De Bouw, Kevin Janssens and .

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Guido Henderickx
- **birth name**: Guido Herman Celina Henderickx
- **birth place**: Antwerp, Belgium
- **death place**: Antwerp, Belgium
- **nationality**: Belgian
- **occupation**: film director
Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border

***The Republic of Ireland – United Kingdom border*** is the border that separates the constituent British nation of Northern Ireland from the rest of Ireland. It is also known as the Irish Border or simply as the border. It was drawn on December 6, 1922 by the Anglo-Irish Treaty, by which 26 of the 32 Irish counties seceded from the United Kingdom and formed the Irish Free State. However, the United Kingdom retained sovereignty over the remaining 6 counties, which are now an integral part of the United Kingdom.

## Infobox (border)

- **name**: Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border
- **image**: British–European Union frontier in Ireland.svg
- **alt**: This simple map shows the island of Ireland, with the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
- **caption**: A map showing the border
- **territory1**: Republic of Ireland, Ireland
- **establishedreason**: Government of Ireland Act 1920 (Partition of Ireland)
- **currentreason**: Partition of Ireland#Northern Ireland opts out, Northern Ireland opt out of the Free State
- **treaties**: Anglo-Irish Treaty
Northern Ireland Protocol
(as part of the Brexit Withdrawal Agreement)
- **notes**: Open border not officially marked by either government
Chiafalo v. Washington

***Chiafalo v. Washington***, 591 U.S. 578 (2020), is a case whose outcome was chosen by the United States Supreme Court. In _Chiafalo v. Washington_, the United States Supreme Court said 1 of the most powerful things anybody has ever said about faithless elector laws. Faithless elector laws make it against the law for 2 kinds of electors to vote differently than they said they would. Those 2 kinds of electors are: electors for President of the United States of America; and electors for Vice President of the United States of America.

In _Chiafalo v. Washington_ the United States Supreme Court said that faithless elector laws are lawful.

***Colorado Department of State v. Baca***, 591 U.S. ___ (2020) is so much like _Chiafalo v. Washington_ that the United States Supreme Court made its choice in _Colorado Department of State v. Baca_ based on its choice in _Chiafalo v. Washington_.
Värttinä

**Värttinä** (meaning "spindle") is a Finnish folk music band that started as a project by Sari and Mari Kaasinen in 1983 in the village of Rääkkylä, in Karelia, the southeastern region of Finland. Many changes have taken place in the band since then. Värttinä became famous after the release of their 1991 album Oi Dai. As of 2009, the band is made up of three lead female vocalists supported by three acoustic musicians. The vocalists sing in the Karelian dialect of the Finnish language.

In August 2005, Värttinä recorded their tenth studio album called Miero at Finnvox Studios, Helsinki. It was released on 25 January 2006 in Finland, and 30 January 2006 worldwide. In 2006, Värttinä also released the Värttinä Archive Live DVD, which included material from their 20th anniversary concert and other new and archive material. Värttinä worked with A. R. Rahman, a notable Indian composer, in composing the music for the stage musical version of _The Lord of the Rings_, which played in Toronto in 2006 and in London in 2007.

Värttinä has been featured in two episodes of popular animated children's show _Arthur_ singing their hit song "Matalii ja Mustii" from the album Seleniko. The song was also featured on the show's first soundtrack, Arthur and Friends: The First Almost Real Not Live CD (Or Tape).
Episodic memory

Episodic memory is the memory of everyday events. It is part of long-term memory.  Memory includes things such as times, location geography, associated emotions, and other contextual information that can be explicitly stated or conjured. It is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at particular times and places; for example, the party on one's 7th birthday. Along with semantic memory, it comprises the category of explicit memory, one of the two major divisions of long-term memory (the other is implicit memory).

## Nine properties

There are essentially nine properties of episodic memory that collectively distinguish it from other types of memory. Other types of memory may have a few of these properties, but only episodic memory has all nine:

1. Contain summary records of sensory-perceptual-conceptual-affective processing.
1. Retain patterns of activation/inhibition over long periods.
1. Often represented in the form of (visual) images.
1. They always have a perspective (field or observer).
1. Represent short time slices of experience.
1. They are represented on a temporal dimension roughly in order of occurrence.
1. They are subject to rapid forgetting.
1. They make autobiographical remembering specific.
1. They are recollectively experienced when accessed.
Pandora (singer)

**Anneli Magnusson**, known by her stage names **Pandora** and **United DJs vs. Pandora**, is a Swedish Eurodance singer.
Republica

**Republica** is an English alternative rock band formed in 1994. They reached the height of their popularity from 1996 to 1999. The band went on hiatus in 2001 and reunited in 2008.

The Republica sound was described by the band as "technopop punk rock". The current line-up consists of Saffron (vocals), Tim Dorney (keyboards) and Johnny Male (guitar).
Texas (band)

**Texas** are a Scottish rock band from Glasgow, founded in 1986 by Johnny McElhone (formerly of the bands Altered Images and Hipsway), Ally McErlaine, and Sharleen Spiteri (on lead vocals). Texas, despite their name, has no connection with the US state of Texas. Texas made their performing debut in March 1988 at the University of Dundee. The band released their debut album Southside in 1989, along with the debut single "I Don't Want a Lover", which was a top-ten hit on the UK Singles Chart and peaked within the top ten of the charts in many other European countries. Southside entered at number three on the UK Albums Chart and number 88 on the Billboard 200 album chart in the United States, and sold over two million copies worldwide. Despite the success of Southside, the follow-up albums Mothers Heaven (1991) and Ricks Road (1993) were less successful, peaking at number 32 and number 18 on the UK Albums Chart respectively, but achieved moderate success on various European markets.

The band's fortunes changed in 1997 with the release of their White on Blonde album, which entered at the top of the UK albums chart and became their biggest seller. To date it has been certified six times platinum in the United Kingdom. Follow up album The Hush (1999) was also successful, entering at the top of the UK albums chart and certified triple platinum. The band's Greatest Hits album, released in 2000, was another big-seller, again entering at the top of the UK albums chart, and certified six times platinum. Texas would go on to release a further two studio albums, Careful What You Wish For in 2003, and Red Book in 2005, both of which were certified gold in the United Kingdom. After the release of Red Book and a tour to support the album's release, Texas went on hiatus. Lead singer Sharleen Spiteri launched a solo career, releasing her debut solo album, Melody, in 2008.

As of 2017, Texas' worldwide sales were 40 million records and they have had thirteen top-ten singles on the UK singles chart and three number-one albums and eight UK top-ten albums on the UK albums chart. Their ninth studio album, Jump on Board, released in May 2017, peaked within the top ten of the album charts in Belgium and France, whilst their tenth studio album, Hi, released in May 2021, became their highest-charting album in the UK since 1999's The Hush, debuting at number three on the official UK albums chart and number one on the UK independent albums chart, and entering at number one in their native Scotland.
Kristal Marshall

**Kristal Melisa Marshall** (born November 11, 1983) is an American model, beauty queen and former professional wrestler. She is best known for her time in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) on their SmackDown brand, and in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). She was part of the 2005 WWE Diva Search.

## Personal life

Marshall dated Bobby Lashley from 2007 until 2010, and they have two children. In April 2010, Marshall confirmed on Twitter that she and Lashley had split. She is of Barbadian descent.

## Championships and accomplishments

- **Fitness Universe**
    - Ms. Bikini America (Medium Class; 2008)
- **NPC Arnold Amateur Championships**
    - 2nd Place (Short Class; 2009)
- **NPC USA Bodybuilding & Figure Championships**
    - 1st Place (Class C & Overall; 2009)

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Kristal Marshall
- **image**: Kristal Marshall.jpg
- **caption**: Marshall in 2006
- **children**: 2
- **partner**: Bobby Lashley (2007–2010)
- **names**: Kristal
Kristal Lashley
**Kristal Marshall**
- **birth name**: Kristal Melisa Marshall
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **trainer**: Deep South Wrestling
Bill DeMott
Fit Finlay, Dave Finlay
Jillian Hall
- **debut**: December 2, 2005
- **retired**: 2013
Tavern sandwich

A **tavern sandwich** (also called a **loose meat sandwich** or **loosemeat**) is a sandwich consisting of ground beef on a bun, sometimes mixed with sauteed onions, and sometimes topped with pickles, ketchup, mustard, raw onions, and/or cheese.

Unlike a hamburger, a tavern's meat is cooked loose rather than formed into a compact patty. It more closely resembles a sloppy joe, without the tomato-based sauce.
Lobster roll

A **lobster roll** is a dish native to New England and Atlantic Canada. It is made of lobster meat served on a grilled hot dog–style bun. The filling may also contain butter, lemon juice, salt, and black pepper, with variants made in some parts of New England replacing the butter with mayonnaise. Other versions may contain diced celery or scallion. Potato chips or French fries are the typical side dishes.
Klaus Wolfermann

**Klaus Wolfermann** (31 March 1946 – 18 December 2024) was a  German javelin thrower. He represented West Germany at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich where he won a gold medal.

Wolfermann died on 18 December 2024 at the age of 78.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Klaus Wolfermann
- **image**: Klaus Wolfermann c1974.jpg
- **caption**: Wolfermann c. 1974
- **birth place**: Altdorf bei Nürnberg, Bavaria, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany
- **headercolor**: lightsteelblue
- **sport**: Sport of athletics, Athletics
- **event**: Javelin throw
- **pb**: 94.08 m (1973)
- **club**: Sportverein Gendorf
- **show-medals**: yes
Rik Van Looy

**Henri** "**Rik**" **Van Looy** (20 December 1933 – 17 December 2024) was a Belgian professional cyclist. He won a gold medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Van Looy died on 17 December 2024 in Herentals, Belgium, two days before his 91st birthday.

## Infobox (cyclist)

- **name**: Rik Van Looy
- **image**: File:Rik van Looy 1962 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Van Looy at the 1962
- **birth place**: Grobbendonk, Belgium
- **death place**: Herentals, Belgium
- **nickname**: _Rik II_ (Rik I is Rik Van Steenbergen, Van Steenbergen)
_Keizer Van Herentals_ (Emperor of Herentals)
- **birth name**: Henri Van Looy
- **currentteam**: Retired
- **role**: Rider
- **ridertype**: All-rounder
- **majorwins**: **Grand Tour (cycling), Grand Tours**
:**Tour de France**
::Points classification in the Tour de France, Points classification (1963 Tour de France, 1963)
::7 individual stages (1963 Tour de France, 1963, 1965 Tour de France, 1965, 1969 Tour de France, 1969)
::1 TTT Stage (1962 Tour de France, 1962)
::Combativity award in the Tour de France, Combativity award (1963 Tour de France, 1963)
:**Giro d'Italia**
::Mountains classification in the Giro d'Italia, Mountains classification (1960 Giro d'Italia, 1960)
::12 individual stages (1959 Giro d'Italia, 1959, 1960 Giro d'Italia, 1960, 1961 Giro d'Italia, 1961, 1962 Giro d'Italia, 1962)
:**Vuelta a España**
::Points classification in the Vuelta a España, Points classification (1959 Vuelta a España, 1959, 1965 Vuelta a España, 1965)
::18 individual stages (1958 Vuelta a España, 1958, 1959 Vuelta a España, 1959, 1964 Vuelta a España, 1964, 1965 Vuelta a España, 1965)
**Classic cycle races, One-day races and Classics**
:UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race, World Road Race Championships (1960 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race, 1960, 1961 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race, 1961)
:
:Milan–San Remo (1958 Milan–San Remo, 1958)
:Tour of Flanders (1959 Tour of Flanders, 1959, 1962 Tour of Flanders, 1962)
:Paris–Roubaix (1961 Paris–Roubaix, 1961, 1962 Paris–Roubaix, 1962, 1965 Paris–Roubaix, 1965)
:Liège–Bastogne–Liège (1961 Liège–Bastogne–Liège, 1961)
:Giro di Lombardia (1959 Giro di Lombardia, 1959)
:Gent–Wevelgem (1956 Gent–Wevelgem, 1956, 1957 Gent–Wevelgem, 1957, 1962 Gent–Wevelgem, 1962)
:La Flèche Wallonne (1968 La Flèche Wallonne, 1968)
- **show-medals**: no
- **proyears1**: 1953–1954
- **proteam1**: l'Avenir
- **proyears2**: 1953–1954
- **proteam2**: Gitane–Hutchinson
- **proyears3**: 1954
- **proteam3**: Touring
- **proyears4**: 1954
- **proyears5**: 1955
- **proteam5**: Van Hauwaert–Maes Pils
- **proyears6**: 1956–1961
- **proyears7**: 1962
- **proyears8**: 1963
- **proyears9**: 1964–1966
- **proyears10**: 1967–1970
John Marsden

**John Marsden** (27 September 1950 – 18 December 2024) was an Australian writer and educator. He wrote more than 40 books in his career. He was known for his young adult novel, _Tomorrow, When the War Began_. He began writing for children while working as a teacher. His first book, _So Much to Tell You_, was published in 1987.

Marsden died at his home in Romsey, Australia on 18 December 2024, at the age of 74.

## Infobox (writer)

- **image**: John Marsden.jpg
- **name**: John Marsden
- **caption**: Marsden in 2011
- **birth place**: Melbourne, Victoria (state), Victoria, Australia
- **death place**: Romsey, Victoria, Romsey, Victoria, Australia
- **period**: 1987–2021
- **genre**: Young adult fiction
- **spouse**: Kristin Marsden
- **children**: 6 (step-children)
Cosmas Michael Angkur

**Cosmas Michael Angkur** (4 January 1937 – 18 December 2024) was an Indonesian Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1967. Angkur was named bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bogor, Indonesia in 1994. He retired in November 2013. Angkur was born in Lewur, then-Dutch East Indies.

Angkur died on 18 December 2024 at a hospital in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia at the age of 87.
William Labov

**William Labov** ( ; (December 4, 1927 – December 17, 2024) was an American linguist. He was seen as the founder of sociolinguistics. He was called "one of the most influential linguists of the 20th and 21st centuries".

Labov was a professor in the linguistics department of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. He retired in 2015.

Labov died on December 17, 2024 at his home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from problems caused by Parkinson's disease at the age of 97.

## Other websites

- William Labov's home page
- _Journal of English Linguistics_ interview
- NPR story "American Accent Undergoing Great Vowel Shift"
- Sociolinguistics: an interview with William Labov  ReVEL, vol. 5, n. 9, 2007.

## Infobox (academic)

- **name**: William Labov
- **birth place**: Rutherford, New Jersey, U.S.
- **death place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **education**: Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Columbia University (Master of Arts, MA), Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
- **doctoral advisor**: Uriel Weinreich
- **occupation**: Chemical industry, Industrial chemist (1949–60); professor, professor of linguistics
(1964–2014)
- **discipline**: Linguistics, Linguist
- **workplaces**: Columbia University
University of Pennsylvania
- **known for**: Variationist sociolinguistics
- **footnotes**: Labov's [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~wlabov/WLVITA.pdf curriculum vitae]
- **children**: 7 (including Alice Goffman, his adoptive daughter)
Michel del Castillo

**Michel Janicot del Castillo** (2 August 1933 – 17 December 2024) was a Spanish-born French writer. He was born in Madrid, Spain. His books won many literary prizes, such as Prix Chateaubriand for _Le Silence des Pierres_ (1975); Renaudot for _La nuit du Décret_ (1981); Prix Maurice Genevoix for _Rue des Archives_ (1994); Prix de l’Écrit Intime for _Mon frère l’Idiot_ (1995); and Prix Femina essai for _Colette, une Certaine France_ (1999).

Castillo was kept in a concentration camp, Rieucros, in Mende, Lozère with his mother during the Second World War. In 1997, he became a member of the Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique.

Castillo died on 17 December 2024, at the age of 91.
Matt Meyer

**Matthew S. Meyer** (born September 29, 1971) is an American politician and attorney who has been the 76th and current Governor of Delaware since 2025. He was the 11th New Castle County executive from 2017 to 2025. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Meyer has been seen as a progressive. He supports universal pre-K, universal free school meals, the cancellation of medical debt, police accountability, and a state constitutional amendment supporting the right to abortion.

## Other websites

- Campaign website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Matt Meyer
- **image**: (02-19-2025) Matt Meyer.jpg
- **caption**: Meyer in 2025
- **order**: 76th Governor of Delaware
- **lieutenant**: Kyle Evans Gay
- **term start**: January 21, 2025
- **predecessor**: Bethany Hall-Long
- **office1**: 11th Executive of New Castle County, Delaware, New Castle County
- **term start1**: January 3, 2017
- **term end1**: January 21, 2025
- **predecessor1**: Thomas P. Gordon
- **successor1**: Marcus Henry
- **birth place**: Bay City, Michigan, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Lauren Meyer
- **children**: 1
- **education**: Brown University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of Michigan (Juris Doctor, JD)
Kyle Evans Gay

**Kyle Evans Gay** (born June 14, 1986) is an American Democratic politician who has been the 27th and current Lieutenant Governor of Delaware since 2025. She is a member of the Delaware Senate representing the 5th district since 2021.

## Other websites

- Campaign website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kyle Evans Gay
- **image**: (02-19-2025) Kyle Evans Gay.jpg
- **office**: 27th Lieutenant Governor of Delaware
- **governor**: Matt Meyer
- **term start**: January 21, 2025
- **predecessor**: Bethany Hall-Long
- **state senate1**: Delaware
- **district1**: Delaware's 5th Senate district, 5th
- **term start1**: January 12, 2021
- **term end1**: January 21, 2025
- **predecessor1**: Catherine Cloutier
- **successor1**: Ray Seigfried
- **birth place**: Wilmington, Delaware, Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Olin
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Brown University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Boston University (Juris Doctor, JD)
St. Matthews, South Carolina

**St. Matthews** is a town in Calhoun County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 1,841 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Calhoun County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: St. Matthews, South Carolina
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Calhoun County Courthouse.jpg
- **image caption**: Calhoun County Courthouse
- **image map**: SCMap-doton-StMatthews.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of St. Matthews, South Carolina
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Carolina, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: South Carolina
- **subdivision name2**: Calhoun County, South Carolina, Calhoun
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Helen Carson-Peterson
- **established date**: 1841
- **area total km2**: 4.99
- **area land km2**: 4.98
- **area water km2**: 0.02
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 1841
- **population density km2**: 369.88
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation ft**: 279
- **area total sq mi**: 1.93
- **area land sq mi**: 1.92
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **elevation m**: 85
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 29135
- **area code**: 803
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 45-62620
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1250621
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population density sq mi**: 957.86
- **established title**: Founded
Frank Grillo

**Frank Anthony Grillo** (born June 8, 1965) is an American actor. He is known for playing Brock Rumlow / Crossbones in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), Sergeant Leo Barnes in _The Purge_ franchise, and Rick Flag Sr. in the DC Universe (DCU).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frank Grillo
- **image**: Frank Grillo Oct 2014 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Grillo at the premiere of _Kingdom (2014 TV series), Kingdom_ in October 2014
- **birthname**: Frank Anthony Grillo
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **alma mater**: New York University
- **occupation**: Actor, martial artist
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **children**: 3
Indira Varma

**Indira Anne Varma** (born 27 September 1973) is a British actress. She is known for playing Niobe in the BBC and HBO series _Rome_ (2005–07), Suzie Costello in the BBC series _Torchwood_ (2006), Zoe Luther in the BBC series _Luther_ (2010), Ilsa Pucci in _Human Target_ (2010–11), and Ellaria Sand in the HBO series _Game of Thrones_ (2014–2017).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Indira Varma
- **image**: Indira varma by sachyn mital (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Varma at the Game of Thrones season 8, _Game of Thrones_ season 8 World Premiere in 2019
- **birth name**: Indira Anne Varma
- **birth place**: United Kingdom
- **alma mater**: Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
- **nationality**: British
- **years active**: 1996–present
- **spouse**: Colin Tierney
- **children**: 1
Zoë Chao

**Zoë Carroll Chao** (born September 19, 1985) is an American actress and screenwriter. She is known for her roles as Isobel in _Strangers_, Zoë in _The Afterparty_ and Nina Mazursky in _Creature Commandos_.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Zoë Chao
- **birth name**: Zoë Carroll Chao
- **birth place**: Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.
Piano Sonata No. 1 (Beethoven)

The **Piano Sonata No. 1 in F minor, Op. 2 No. 1** is a work for piano written by Ludwig van Beethoven. The sonata was written in 1795 and made public in 1796. The sonata was made for Joseph Hayden.

## Parts

The sonata has four parts:
1. Allegro (F minor)
1. Adagio (F major)
1. Menuetto – Allegretto (F minor – Trio in F major)
1. Prestissimo (F minor)
Piano Sonata No. 2 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 2** in A major, Op. 2, No. 2, was written in 1795 for Joseph Haydn. It was made public with his first and third sonatas in 1796.

The sonata is around 22 minutes long.

## Movements

The sonata has four movements:

## Infobox (musical composition)

- **name**: Piano Sonata No. 2
- **composer**: Ludwig van Beethoven
- **image**: Beethoven piano sonata 1 B&H.png
- **caption**: Cover of 1862 edition of Beethoven's first three piano sonatas (Breitkopf & Härtel)
- **key**: A major
- **opus**: 2/2
- **style**: Classical period (music), Classical period
- **form**: Piano sonata
- **dedication**: Joseph Haydn
- **published**: 1796, Vienna
- **publisher**: Artaria
- **movements**: 4
- **duration**: 22 minutes
Piano Sonata No. 3 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 3** in C major, Op. 2, No. 3, was written in 1795 for Joseph Haydn. It was made public with his first and second sonatas in 1796.

The sonata is between 24 and 26 minutes long.

## Infobox (musical composition)

- **name**: Piano Sonata No.3
- **composer**: Ludwig van Beethoven
- **image**: Beethoven piano sonata 1 B&H.png
- **caption**: Cover of 1862 edition of Beethoven's first three piano sonatas (Breitkopf & Härtel)
- **key**: C major
- **opus**: 2/3
- **style**: Classical period (music), Classical period
- **form**: Piano sonata
- **dedication**: Joseph Haydn
- **published**: 1796, Vienna
- **publisher**: Artaria
- **duration**: 25 minutes
- **movements**: 4
Barbara Lynch (restaurateur)

**Barbara Lynch** is an American restaurateur and the cousin of U.S. representative Stephen F. Lynch. In 2017, she was included in Time magazine's "Top 100 Most Influential People of the Year" for her contributions in the culinary world and her focus on local wealth creation through agronomy.

In 2014, she was the second woman to be awarded the James Beard Foundation Award for Outstanding Restaurateur, which honors "a working restaurateur who sets high national standards in restaurant operations and ownership."
Sue Costello

**Sue Costello** (born April 2, 1968) is an American actress, comedian, writer and producer from the Savin Hill area in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.

Costello starred in the self-titled television series Costello on Fox, where she was also a producer and the co-creator of the show.

Costello has also appeared on television shows such as NYPD Blue, Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn on Comedy Central, and Comics Unleashed. She was a guest host on NBC's Later, and has also performed on Comedy Central's "Premium Blend".

Costello has appeared in the films Southie, Once in the Life and The Fighter.

Costello appeared in NBC's Last Comic Standing in 2004, making it to the finals, and can be heard on Episodes 172 and 936 of Marc Maron's podcast, WTF.

Costello wrote and stars in her one-woman show, "Minus 32 Million Words" and launched her podcast, "The Kadoozie Kast with Sue Costello" in December 2012.

In Watts, California, there is an official Sue Costello day on September 29.

Costello was a frequent guest on the Jay Thomas Show, a radio show on SiriusXM Comedy Greats.
Piano Sonata No. 4 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 4**, in E major, Op. 7, also called the ***Grand Sonata***, was written in November 1796 for his student Babette, the Countess Keglević. The sonata was made during Beethoven's visit to the Keglevich Palace.

Along with the _Hammerklavier Sonata_, it is one of the longest piano sonatas that Beethoven wrote. It is about 28 minutes long.

## Movements

The sonata has four movements:

## Infobox (musical composition)

- **name**: Piano Sonata No. 4
- **composer**: Ludwig van Beethoven
- **image**: Ludwig van Beethoven, aged twenty-six (1796).jpg
- **caption**: Beethoven in 1796; designed by G. Stainhauser
- **key**: E-flat major
- **opus**: 7
- **style**: Classical period (music), Classical period
- **form**: Piano sonata
- **dedication**: Babette, Countess of Keglević
- **published**: 1796, Vienna
- **publisher**: Artaria
- **duration**: 28 minutes
- **movements**: 4
Taronga Western Plains Zoo

**Taronga Western Plains Zoo** is a zoo in Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia. It is accessible by 573 bus.

## History

It opened on 28 February 1977.
Queen Elizabeth II visited the zoo in 1992.
Naudh Singh

**Naudh Singh** (died 1752) was a Sikh leader and founder of the Sukerchakia Misl.

## Biography

Budha Singh had two sons, Naudh Singh and Chanda Singh. Naudh Singh increased his power through a strategic marriage and built Sukarchakia Garhi at Sukarchak, which marked the rise of his family’s influence.

In 1748 at the formation of the Dal Khalsa Naudh Singh became the head of the Sukerchakia Misl. Naudh Singh along with Chanda Singh defeated Sultan Khan Chattha, the ruler of Rasul Nagar who had forcibly converted six Sikhs to Islam and reconverted them to their faith.After that he killed Shahab-ud-Din, the ruler of Firozwala, along with his family because he had attacked some Sikh villages and cut the beards and hair of many Sikhs there.

Naudh Singh lost his life during a raid on a Bhatti village. 1752.
Hungarian Workers' Party

The **Hungarian Workers' Party** (Hungarian: _Magyar Munkáspárt_) formerly **Hungarian Communist Workers' Party** (Hungarian: _Magyar Kommunista Munkáspárt_) is a communist, marxist, leninist political party in Hungary, which is one of the successors of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party.

## History

The party was formed on December 17, 1989, as a follow-up to the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP) by a small group of former MSZMP members who disagreed with its change to the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP). One of them was Károly Grósz, the last general secretary of the old MSZMP, who became the acting chairman of the new party.

In the 1990 elections, it got about 3% of the national vote, the biggest share for a party that did not win a seat.

In 1993, the party took on the name **Workers' Party** (_Munkáspárt_). In the 1994 elections, the party received a similar amount of votes, again becoming the largest party with no seats. Even though its share of the vote increased to about 4% in the 1998 elections, the party still had no seats. In the 2002 elections, the party's vote dropped to about 2%, and for the first time since 1990, it was not the largest party without representation in parliament.

On November 12 2005, it became the **Hungarian Communist Workers' Party** (_Magyar Kommunista Munkáspárt_) after a split created the Workers' Party of Hungary 2006.

In the 2006 elections, the party got less than 0.5% of the national vote. In the 2010 elections, its vote share dropped to just 0.1%.

On May 11 2013, the party changed its name again to the **Hungarian Workers' Party** (_Magyar Munkáspárt_) because of a law passed the year before that banned public use of names linked to "authoritarian regimes of the 20th century."

In the 2014 parliamentary election, the party received 0.56% of the votes, making it the largest party without seats in parliament.

In the 2010s, the Hungarian Workers’ Party lost even more supporters. Many left-wing voters moved to other political groups like the Democratic Coalition. Despite this, the party continued to participate in elections but failed to win parliamentary seats.

Today (2024), the Hungarian Workers’ Party still exists but remains a minor political force. The party tries to attract new supporters through social media and criticizes neoliberal policies. However, their ideology does not appeal to most young people, making their future uncertain.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Official Instagram page
- Official X page
- 1046.hu

## Infobox (political party)

- **native name**: Magyar Munkáspárt
- **colorcode**: #c5161d
- **president**: Gyula Thürmer
- **foundation**: 1989
- **ideology**: Communism
 Marxism
 Leninism
 Euroscepticism
- **headquarters**: Budapest
- **international**: International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties
 Comintern
- **country**: Hungary
- **colors**: Red
 White
  Black
- **native name lang**: hu
- **merged**: Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party
- **position**: Far-left
- **slogan**: Workers of the world, unite!
Kuhnashahir incident

The **Kuhnashahir incident** refers to the events that took place on 3 March 1918, when the Assyrian patriarch Mar Shimun XIX Benyamin along with his 150 bodyguards were assassinated by the Kurdish chieftain Simko Shikak in the town of Kuhnashahir, Salmas, under a truce flag.

## Background

Following the  Urmiah clashes in February 1918 The governor of Tabriz, Mukht-i Shams, approached Simko. During which Simko invited Mar Shimun, the religious leader of the Assyrians, for talks on a proposed Alliegance.

## Incident

At the meeting, Mar Shimun kissed Simko "as a mark of affection," while Simko, "ever the courteous host, accompanied his guest to the carriage," kissed Mar Shimun's hand, and then turned back into the house. According to one account, just as the Assyrian leader was about to step into the carriage, Simko shot him in the back. The shot acted as a signal to Simko's men, who were positioned on nearby rooftops, to open fire on Mar Shimun’s entourage, killing most of them. Mar Shimun, wounded by the initial shot, was then shot again and killed by Simko’s younger brother, Ali Agha.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Kuhnashahir incident
- **partof**: The First Simko Shikak Revolt
- **date**: 3 March, 1918
- **place**: Kuhnashahir, Salmas
- **result**: Kurdish victory
- **commander1**: Simko Shikak
- **commander2**:  Shimun XIX Benyamin, Mar Shimun XIX Benyamin
- **strength1**: Large
- **strength2**: 150 Bodyguards
- **casualties1**: Unknown
- **casualties2**: 150 (some escaped/survived)
Online marketplace

An **online marketplace** is a website where different sellers offer products or services for customers to buy. These websites are a type of e-commerce where many sellers use the same platform to sell their items.

Some online marketplaces used by many people are Upwork and Fiverr.

In an online marketplace, the website handles payments, and the sellers deliver the products. People can register to sell anything from one item to many items, usually by paying a small fee.

Online marketplaces often have more products and better availability than single-store websites. Some marketplaces sell all kinds of items, while others focus on specific types of products or customers. Online marketplaces became popular around 2014.
Allobates ranoides

The **llanos rocket frog** (_Allobates ranoides_) is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day. It lives on the ground in forests. Scientists saw the frog between 100 and 400 meters above sea level.

Scientists have not seen this frog in any protected parks, but they think it might live in Reserva Forestal Protectora Nacional Cerro Vanguardia or Reserva Forestal Protectora Nacional Caño Vanguardia or both.

## Young

The female frog lays her eggs on the dead leaves on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the adult frog carries the tadpoles to water.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out. They think the frogs might even all be dead now. There are no more than 50 of these frogs alive in the wild. People change the places where the frog lives to make farms, to make places for animals to eat grass, and to make places for people to live. Scientists think the fungal disease chytridiomycosis may have killed many of these frogs near the year 2001.

Scientists thought the American bullfrog was hurting this frog because people brought it to the frog's home, but that was a mistake. The American bullfrog never really lived where _Allobates ranoidea_ lived.