Uzbekistan

**Uzbekistan**, officially the **Republic of Uzbekistan**, is a country in Central Asia. Its capital and largest city is Tashkent. There are about 37,5 million people living in Uzbekistan, in 2023. The neighbouring countries are Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. It is a doubly landlocked country, of which there are only two in the world. Most people in Uzbekistan speak a language called Uzbek, a Turkic language similar to Uyghur and Turkish. In the Uzbek language, Uzbekistan is called "O‘zbekiston" and it means "the land of the true nobles". Uzbekistan has a long history. Humans first lived in Uzbekistan from before the 2nd millennium BC. The current president today is Shavkat Mirziyoyev. The situation with the human rights in Uzbekistan is very bad, according to Human Rights Watch.

Sunni Islam is its largest religion with Hanafi being the main school of law.

## Provinces

Uzbekistan is divided into twelve provinces, one autonomous republic, and one independent city. The provinces are divided into districts.

|Division|Capital City|Area (km²)!! Population (2008)!! Key||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Buxoro (Bukhara)|39,400|1,576,800|3|
|Jizzax|20,500|1,090,900|5|
|Navoiy|110,800|834,100|7|
|Qarshi|28,400|2,537,600|8|
|Samarkand|16,400|3,032,000|9|
|Guliston|5,100|698,100|10|
|Termiz|20,800|2,012,600|11|
|Toshkent (Tashkent)|15,300|2,537,500|12|
|Toshkent (Tashkent)|???|2,192,700|1|
|Fergana|6,800|2,997,400|4|
|Andijan|4,200|2,477,900|2|
|Namangan|7,900|2,196,200|6|
|Urganch|6,300|1,517,600|13|
|Nukus|160,000|1,612,300|14|

## Further reading

- Poopak NikTalab. Sarve Samarghand (Cedar of Samarkand), continuous interpretation of Rudaki's poems, Tehran 2020, Faradid Publications {Introduction}

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Republic of Uzbekistan
- **common name**: Uzbekistan
- **image flag**: Flag of Uzbekistan.svg
- **image coat**: Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg
- **symbol type**: Emblem of Uzbekistan, Emblem
- **national anthem**:

"State Anthem of Uzbekistan, State Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan"
- **image map**: File:Uzbekistan (centered orthographic projection).svg
- **map caption**: Location of Uzbekistan (green)
- **capital**: Tashkent
- **largest city**: capital
- **official languages**: Uzbek language, Uzbek
- **regional languages**: Karakalpak language, Karakalpak
- **recognized national languages**: Russian language, Russian
- **religion year**: 2021
- **ethnic groups year**: 2021
- **demonym**: Demographics of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistani • Uzbek
- **government type**: Unitary Presidential system, presidential republic
- **leader title1**: President of Uzbekistan, President
- **leader name1**: Shavkat Mirziyoyev
- **leader title2**: Prime Minister of Uzbekistan, Prime Minister
- **leader name2**: Abdulla Aripov
- **legislature**: Oliy Majlis
- **upper house**: Senate of Uzbekistan, Senate
- **lower house**: Legislative Chamber of Uzbekistan, Legislative Chamber
- **sovereignty type**: History of Uzbekistan, Formation
- **established event1**: Uzbek Khanate
- **established date1**: 1428–1471
- **established event2**: Uzbek khanates
- **established date2**: 1500–1920
- **established event3**: Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
- **established date3**: 30 April 1918
- **established event4**: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, Uzbek SSR
- **established date4**: 27 October 1924
- **established event5**: Declaration of Independence
- **established date5**: 31 August 1991
- **established event6**: Republic of Uzbekistan
- **established date6**: 1 September 1991
- **established event7**: Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Independence recognized
- **established date7**: 26 December 1991
- **established event8**: Constitution of Uzbekistan, Current constitution
- **established date8**: 1 May 2023
- **area km2**: 448,978
- **area rank**: 55th
- **area sq mi**: 173,348
- **percent water**: 4.9
- **population estimate**: 37,535,605
- **population estimate year**: 2024
- **population estimate rank**: 40th
- **population density km2**: 80.2
- **population density sq mi**: 207.8
- **population density rank**: 138th
- **gdp ppp**: $428.657 billion
- **gdp ppp year**: 2024
- **gdp ppp rank**: 57th
- **gdp ppp per capita**: $11,900
- **gdp ppp per capita rank**: 122th
- **gdp nominal**: $112.60 billion
- **gdp nominal year**: 2024
- **gdp nominal rank**: 70th
- **gdp nominal per capita**: $3,050
- **gdp nominal per capita rank**: 138th
- **gini**: 36.7
- **gini year**: 2013
- **gini change**: decrease
- **hdi**: 0.727
- **hdi year**: 2022
- **hdi change**: steady
- **hdi rank**: 106th
- **currency**: Uzbekistani soum, Uzbek sum
- **currency code**: UZS
- **time zone**: Uzbekistan Time, UZT
- **utc offset**: +5
- **date format**: dd/mm yyyy<sup>c</sup>
- **drives on**: right
- **calling code**: Telephone numbers in Uzbekistan, +998
- **cctld**: .uz
- **footnote a**: Co-official in Karakalpakstan.
- **footnote b**: On 31 August 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR voted to declare the country independent from the Soviet Union. The next day was declared a national holiday by the Uzbek government, and became Independence Day (Uzbekistan), an Independence Day.
- **footnote c**: dd.mm.yyyy format is used in Cyrillic scripts, including Russian language, Russian.