juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jazz (wrestler)

**Carlene Denise Moore-Begnaud** (born August 27, 1973) is an American professional wrestler and manager. She is better known by her ring name **Jazz**. She is best known for her time in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). She was a two-time WWE Women's Champion.

She is also known for her time in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), Impact Wrestling, and the National Wrestling Alliance, where she held the NWA World Women's Championship for over 900 days. She retired as a wrestler after Impact.

She is married to Rodney Begnaud. He wrestled in WWE under the ring name Rodney Mack.

## Championships

- **Cauliflower Alley Club**
    - Women's Wrestling Award (2020)
- **Downsouth Championship Wrestling**
    - DCW Louisiana State Championship (1 time)
- **Heavy on Wrestling**
    - HOW Women's Championship (1 time)
- **National Wrestling Alliance**
    - NWA World Women's Championship (1 time)
- **NWA Cyberspace**
    - NWA Cyberspace Women's Championship (1 time)
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - Ranked No. 13 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the _PWI Female 50_ in 2012
- **Southwest Wrestling Entertainment**
    - SWE Women's Championship (1 time)
    - Hall of Fame (class of 2020)
- **Texas Wrestling Hall of Fame**
    - Class of 2012
- **Women Superstars Uncensored**
    - WSU Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Marti Belle
    - WSU Hall of Fame (Class of 2010)
- **Women's Extreme Wrestling**
    - WEW World Championship (1 time)
- **Women's Wrestling Hall of Fame**
    - Class of 2023
- **World Wrestling Federation / Entertainment**
    - WWF/E Women's Championship (2 times)

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Jazz
- **image**: Jazz in 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Jazz in 2019
- **names**: **Jazz**
Jazzmine
- **height**: 5 ft 4 in
- **birth place**: New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, U.S.
- **birth name**: Carlene Denise Moore
- **billed**: New Orleans, Louisiana
- **trainer**: Rod Price
- **debut**: 1998
- **retired**: Hardcore Justice (2021), April 10, 2021
Lungs (album)

***Lungs*** is the first album by Florence and the Machine. It was released on 3 July 2009. The album went straight to number two in the UK Albums Chart. The album was nominated for the 2009 Mercury Prize. It won the MasterCard British Album award at the 2010 BRIT Awards. It has sold more than three million copies around the world.

## Singles

Three singles were released from _Lungs_ before it was released. The first single from the album, "Kiss with a Fist", was released on June 9 2008. The second single, "Dog Days Are Over" was released 1 December 2008. On 22 June 2009 "Rabbit Heart (Raise It Up)" was released. It entered the UK Singles Chart at number nine. "Drumming Song" was released on 13 September 2009. On 16 November 2009 "You've Got the Love" was released. It reached number five in the UK Singles Chart. It was the album's fifth single. The last single released from the album was "Cosmic Love".
Boo (character)

**Boo** (Japanese: テレサ _Teresa_) is a fictional ghost that appears in the _Mario_ and _Yoshi_ series of video games. Boos first appeared in _Super Mario Bros. 3_. In which they were named "Boo Diddley". Since then, they have become a common enemy in the _Mario_ games. They sometimes appear as playable characters in the _Mario_ spin-off games. In some games, such as _Paper Mario_, they help Mario during his adventure. They are named after the sound that a person might make when they want to scare someone ("boo!").

Boos most often attack the player by sneaking up behind the player while the player's back is turned to them. When the player looks at them, they will hide their faces. They cannot be defeated without certain items or abilities. Boo are voiced by Sanae Susaki.

## Other websites

- Boo at Super Mario Wiki
Priscilla Renea

**Priscilla Renea** (born September 14, 1988) is an American singer. She released the single "Dollhouse" in August 2009. The song, however, failed to chart on Billboard Hot 100. It did, though, become a mild hit. Her debut album, _Jukebox_, got positive reviews from critics. _Jukebox_ did not sell much beyond 3,000 copies in the United States, nor beyond 5,000 copies worldwide.

Renea was born in Vero Beach, Florida.
Marvins Room

"**Marvins Room**" is a song by Canadian musician Drake. It is a dark and emotional song that tells a story of heartache, and a failed relationship. It is off his album _Take Care_. The song was so successful many artists made their own versions of the song, including: Lil Wayne, Chris Brown, JoJo, Trey Songz.

In the song, Drake drunk dials an ex-girlfriend of his. He mentions to her that she can do better than the man that she is in a current relationship with and expresses the feelings he still has for her. He mentions how he has a hard time adjusting to the fame he has garnered from the success of his career.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Marvins Room
- **cover**: Marvin's Room.jpg
- **border**: yes
- **artist**: Drake (rapper), Drake
- **album**: Take Care
- **released**: July 2011
- **recorded**: April 2011
- **genre**: * Alternative R&B
* downtempo
- **length**: 5:47 <small>(single version and digital album version)</small>
8:15 <small>(physical album version, joined with "Buried Alive Interlude")</small>
- **writer**: * Drake (musician), Aubrey Graham
* 40 (producer), Noah Shebib
* Gonzales (musician), Jason Beck
* Adrian Eccleston
- **prev title**: I'm on One
- **prev year**: 2011
- **next title**: Headlines (Drake song), Headlines
- **next year**: 2011
Birdman (rapper)

**Bryan Christopher Williams**, better known by his stage name **Birdman** (formerly **Baby**), is an American rapper and record executive. He is the co-founder of Cash Money Records with his brother. In 1997, he became part of a rap duo called Big Tymers. He was the mentor and father figure of Lil Wayne and is currently one of the richest rappers in the United States. Birdman has a reported net worth of $160 million in 2014.

### Solo albums

|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|2002|_Birdman_ (credited as Baby)|
|2005|_Fast Money_|
|2007|_5 Star Stunna_|
|2009|_Priceless_|
|2011|_Bigger Than Life_|

### Singles

- 2001: Do That (featuring P. Diddy, Mannie Fresh and Tateeze)
- 2002: What Happened to That Boy (featuring Clipse)
- 2002: Baby You Can Do It (featuring Toni Braxton)
- 2004: Shine On (featuring Lil Wayne)
- 2004: Neck of the Woods (featuring Lil Wayne)
- 2007: Pop Bottles (featuring Lil Wayne and Jadakiss)
- 2007: 100 Million (featuring Rick Ross, Dre’, Young Jeezy and Lil Wayne)
- 2008: I Run This (featuring Lil Wayne)
- 2009: Always Strapped (featuring Lil Wayne and Mack Maine)
- 2009: Written on Her (featuring Jay Sean)
- 2009: Money to Blow (featuring Drake and Lil Wayne)
- 2009: 4 My Town (Play Ball) (featuring Drake and Lil Wayne)
- 2010: Loyalty (featuring Tyga and Lil Wayne)
- 2010: Fire Flame (featuring Lil Wayne)
- 2011: I Get Money (featuring Mack Maine and Lil Wayne)
- 2011: Y.U.Mad (featuring Nicki Minaj and Lil Wayne)
- 2012: B-Boyz (featuring Kendrick Lamar, Ace Hood, Mack Maine and DJ Khaled)
- 2012: Born Stunna (featuring Rick Ross)
- 2012: Dark Shades (featuring Lil Wayne and Mack Maine)
- 2012: "Shout Out" (featuring French Montana and Gudda Gudda)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Birdman
- **image**: Birdman performing at Club Nokia.jpg
- **caption**: Birdman performing in May 2010
- **birth name**: Bryan Christopher Williams
- **birth place**: New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
- **years active**: 1989–present
Division of Lyne

The **Division of Lyne** is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was set up in 1949, and named for Sir William Lyne, Premier of New South Wales at the time of Federation and a minister in early Australian governments. Lyne was asked by the first Governor-General, Lord Hopetoun to form the first Federal Government. Lyne did not have the support of other politicians, and so Edmund Barton became the first Prime Minister of Australia.

The division is on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales. It includes Taree, Wauchope, Laurieton, Wingham, Gloucester and parts of Kempsey.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Jim Eggins|Country|1949–1952||
|||rowspan="2"|Philip Lucock|Country|1952–1975|
|||National Country|1975–1980|||
|||rowspan="2"|Bruce Cowan|National Country|1980–1982|
|||National|1982–1993|||
|||Mark Vaile|National|1993–2008||
|||Rob Oakeshott|Independent|2008–2013||
|||David Gillespie|National|2013–2025||

Mark Vaile was the leader of the National Party, and Deputy Prime Minister. He retired in July 2008 which caused a by-election. Independent politician Rob Oakeshott won the seat, and after the 2010 election was one of the independents who supported a minority Labor government led by Julia Gillard. Oakeshott retired at the 2013 election.

## Other websites

- Division of Lyne – Australian Electoral Commission

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Lyne
- **image**: Division of LYNE 2016.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Lyne (green) within New South Wales
- **created**: 1949
- **namesake**: William Lyne, Sir William Lyne
- **electors**: 97127
- **electors year**: Australian federal election, 2013, 2013
- **area**: 11991
- **class**: Rural
Third Power

***Third Power*** is a album by DJ Drama. Its lead single is "Oh My." The song features Wiz Khalifa, Fabolous and Roscoe Dash.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Third Power
- **type**: Studio
- **artist**: DJ Drama
- **recorded**: 2010–2011
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop
- **label**: E1 Music, E1, Aphilliates, Powerhouse Productions
- **producer**: Drumma Boy, Lex Luger (producer), Lex Luger, Jim Jonsin, Don Cannon, Boi-1da, Terrace Martin, Cardiak, Akon, Mike Dean (producer), Mike Dean, Lil Lody, Mike WiLL Made It, V2 The Hitman, Dawty Music, Young Yonny, Nard & B, A-Traxx, Giorgio Tuinfort, Squat
- **prev title**: Gangsta Grillz: The Album (Vol. 2)
(2009)
- **next title**: Quality Street Music
(2012)
Kim Bum-soo

**Kim Bum-Soo** (; born January 26, 1979) is a South Korean R&B and soul singer. His first successful song was "One Day", released in early 2000. He became most famous for his song "I Want to See", which was used on the soundtrack of the drama _Stairway to Heaven_. He performed in the television program _I Am a Singer_ in 2010.

## Biography

When Kim was young, he sung in a church choir in Seoul. He wanted to become a Christian music singer. He went to Soongsil University. He was allowed in because they had a shortage of students. It was disappointing for him enter like that, but he trained a lot to win a scholarship. He wanted a scholarship because his family was having difficulties with money. After he failed to get the scholarship, a singer named Park Sun-Joo began training Kim to sing. By chance he was signed to an agency, and he recorded part of a new song by R.ef, which was a famous rave music group in those days.

Kim released his first album, _A Promise_. However, after he appeared on a television program, his sales decreased because his appearance did not satisfy the public's expectations. His agency decided to promote him as a "faceless" singer instead. His songs were broadcast through radio and television again, but his name and appearance was never known to people.

After the success of the song "I Want to See", Kim wanted to appear on television again. He made his agency allow him once more to be broadcast. He appeared on a show called _Love Letter_. He received good comments from the public. His song "I Want to See" was selected to be on the soundtrack of the drama _Stairway to Heaven_. Kim has remained best known for this song. His later albums were not very successful. He served his military service from 2006 to 2008. After he was discharged from the army he released his sixth album, _The Practical Usage of Sadness_. His seventh album, _Solista_, was an ambitious work. The first part was released in 2010, but was not successful.

His appearance on the television show _I Am a Singer_ was a turning point of his career. He became recognized again thanks to the popularity of the program. His song "Please Come Back", which was originally by Lee So-ra, maintained the first position in several websites for a month. Kim released his second part of _Solista_ in 2011. It was popular, and Kim held several concerts to promote it.

## Albums

- _A Promise..._ (1999)
- _Remember_ (2000)
- _I want to see_ (2002)
- _The 4th Episode_ (2004)
- _Remember Kim Bum Soo & So Long_ (2006)
- _Kim Bum Soo 6th, The Practical Usage of Sadness_ (2008)
- _Solista_ (2010 and 2011)

### Mnet Asian Music Awards

|width="10%"|Year|width="25%"|Category|width="25%"|Work|width="10%"|Result|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|1999|Best New Solo Artist|align="center"|"Promise" (약속)||||
|align="center"|2003|Best Ballad Performance|align="center"|"I Miss You" (보고싶다)||||

## Other websites

- Official website
Kalinga War

The **Kalinga War** fought between the Mauryan Empire and the state of Kalinga, an important kingdom that controlled the trade routes with Southeast Asia. The Mauryan king Ashoka, wanted to capture Kalinga, so in order to successfully gain control, he led a huge army towards Kalinga in 262 BCE.

According to Megasthenes, the Greek historian at the court of Chandragupta Maurya, the ruler of Kalinga had a powerful army comprising infantry, cavalry and elephants. After the year, 150,000 men and women were deported from Kalinga and forced to work in clearing the wasteland for future settlements, and they were forbidden from ever returning to their old homeland. The descendants of the Kalinga people migrated later to Sindh. From there, they migrated to Persia, Mesopotamia, Egypt and Europe. Their descendants might be the Roma of Europe.

Although he won the war, Ashoka realized the futility of war. He saw the bloodshed and suffering of the soldiers' families and vowed never to fight again. He converted to Buddhism and he dedicated his later life to help his subjects. He stopped conquering after he won a war. He wrote inscriptions for wanting that his son and grandson also never to think about war. He decided to observe Dhamma, a common code of conduct and was also inspired by the teachings of Buddha. He sent many Buddhist scholars to distant lands to propagate Dharma. It is said that one lakh people died in this war. Many pillar and rock edicts were written on the guilt that he felt after seeing the bloodshed.

For the last 30 years of his life, there were no more wars. He gave up the policy of DIGVIJAY (conquest of territoropted DHARMAVIJAY(conquest by dharma). It is said Ashoka became a follower of Buddhism under the influence of Upagupta, a Buddhist teacher.
Stereotype threat

**Stereotype threat** is the risk of confirming a negative stereotype about a group to which one belongs. Claude Steele introduced this idea in 1995. Stereotype threat may reduce the performance of people who belong to a negatively stereotyped group.

## Steele and Aronson

Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson did research for this theory of social psychology. They had African-American and European-American college students take a difficult verbal portion of the Graduate Record Examination. The design was a 2x3 factorial. The factor<nowiki/>s were the race of the participant (black or white) and the test description (diagnostic of intelligence, non diagnostic, or non diagnostic and challenging). Performance on the test was the dependent variable. 117 male and female participants were recruited from Stanford University. After comparing the results of the three groups, it was found that the differences were not very significant. However, in their second study results were significant.

## Supporting studies

A study on chess players shows that if females are made aware of the stereotype that females are worse at chess than males, they perform worse than the controls. Stone, Lynch, Sjomeling, & Darley did experiments in which white men performed poorly in sports if they are put in the condition that described the task as reflecting natural athletic ability compared to African-Americans. The African-Americans performed worse when the task was described as involving intelligence of the sport. Yeung & von Hippel did an experiment in which two groups of women went through a driving simulation. They told the women in the stereotype threat group that they were investigating why men were better drivers than women. That group was twice more likely than the control to hit a pedestrian.

## Effects

Stereotype lift can increase a person's performance on a task when he/she is exposed to a negative stereotype of a group to which he/she does not belong.

Stereotype boost can increase an individual's performance on a task when he/she is exposed to a positive stereotype about his/her group.

Stereotype threat can have a bad effect on people. It has a negative effect on performance. It can also cause individuals to distance themselves from the stereotyped group to which they belonged, or lead them to dis-identify with the group that they experience stereotype threat. For example, a woman sees herself as "not a math person".

A simple way to stop these negative consequences is to tell people about stereotype threat.
Cyclone Bodil

**Cyclone Bodil** (also **Cyclone Xaver**) was a winter storm that affected Western Europe. This storm brought intense snowfall and strong wind to Sweden and the United Kingdom. Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Denmark and Poland also suffered from strong winds and downpours. Several people died. Most of them in Sweden.
Vitruvian Man

The ***Vitruvian Man***, known in Italian as ***L'uomo vitruviano***, is a drawing made by Leonardo da Vinci in about 1490. Around the drawing are notes based on the work of the architect Vitruvius. Its original name was ***Le proporzioni del corpo umano secondo Vitruvio*** - this means "The proportions of the human body according to Vitruvius".

The drawing is done in pen and ink on paper. It is of a male figure standing in two positions, that are superimposed (drawn over the top of each other). The figure's arms and legs are drawn in two different positions, while the rest of the body stays in one position. The figure is drawn standing inside both a circle and a square.

The drawing and text are sometimes called the **Canon of Proportions** or, less often, **Proportions of Man**. It is stored in the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice, Italy. It is displayed only occasionally.

The drawing is based on the ideal proportions of a man's body, and how this relates to geometry. This relationship was described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in Book III of his treatise _De architectura_. Vitruvius wrote the human figure was the main source of proportion among the Classical orders of architecture. He wrote that the ideal body should be eight heads tall. Da Vinci's drawing is traditionally named in honour of the architect.

## Other websites

- Willamette University site on _Vitruvian Man_
- Stanford University site on _Vitruvian Man_
- Leonardo's _Vitruvian Man_

## Infobox (artwork)

- **image file**: Da Vinci Vitruve Luc Viatour.jpg
- **title**: _Vitruvian Man_
- **other language 1**: Italian language, Italian
- **artist**: Leonardo da Vinci
- **year**: c. 1490
- **type**: Pen and ink with wash over metalpoint
 on paper
- **height metric**: 34.6
- **width metric**: 25.5
- **italic title**: yes
- **city**: Venice, Italy
- **museum**: Gallerie dell'Accademia
WWE SmackDown! Here Comes the Pain

***WWE SmackDown! Here Comes the Pain*** is a professional wrestling video game developed by Yuke's and published by THQ. The game was known as **Exciting Pro Wrestling 5** in Japan.

It was released on October 27, 2003 in North America, November 7, 2003 in Europe, and January 29, 2004 in Japan. The game is the fifth in the WWE SmackDown! video game series and is the sequel to WWE SmackDown! Shut Your Mouth. It was the last game under the SmackDown! title and was followed by WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw.

## Reception

IGN rated the game a 9.1 out of 10 and said "One of the best wrestling games we've ever played...With its ultra-improved gameplay mechanics, enhanced visual engine, smarter career mode, and established create-a-character feature, Yuke's and THQ are definitely the track to success.”

GameSpot gave the game a 9 out of 10 and stated "What the game lacks in innovation, however, is more than made up for in sheer playability."

The game was nominated in the "Sports Game" category at the 1st British Academy Video Games Awards. It was also nominated for "Best Sports Game" and won "Best Fighting Game" at the 2003 Spike Video Game Awards.

### Awards

|Distributor:|Category:|Result:|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1st British Academy Video Games Awards|Sports Game|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"|2003 Spike Video Game Awards|Best Sports Game|
|Best Fighting Game|||
|7th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards|Console Fighting Game of the Year||

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Yuke's
- **publisher**: THQ
- **genre**: Professional wrestling
Fighting game, Fighting
- **modes**: Single player
multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation 2
Mary Lambert

**Mary Lambert** (born May 3, 1989) is an American singer and songwriter. She is best known for singing on the rapper Macklemore's single "Same Love" from 2012. It sold over 2 million copies in the United States.

## Early life

Lambert was born in Everett, Washington. When she was 17 she came out as a lesbian. She moved to Seattle in 2007. She lives there with her girlfriend Rachel.

## Career

Lambert released her first extended play _Letters Don't Talk_ on July 17, 2012. The next day "Same Love" was released as a single from Macklemore and Ryan Lewis' album _The Heist_. Lambert sung on it and helped write the song. The single reached number one in Australia and New Zealand.

In January 2013, her first book of poetry, _500 tips for fat girls_, was published.

In May 2013, she sang "Same Love" on The Colbert Report.

Lambert released the video for her single "She Keeps Me Warm" in August 2013. Lambert's second extended play, _Welcome to the Age of My Body_, was released on December 17, 2013.

She will release her first album in 2014. She was nominated for two awards at the 2014 Grammys. Lambert performed "Same Love" at the ceremony.
Solomon Asch

**Solomon Eliot Asch** (September 14, 1907 – February 20, 1996) was a Polish and American Gestalt psychologist.

## Early life

Asch was born in Warsaw, the capital of Poland, to a Jewish family that considered themselves Polish. He grew up in a small town called Łowicz. In 1920, Asch and his family moved to the United States. They lived on the Lower East Side of New York. He did not speak English well, so he found school difficult. He learned English by reading Charles Dickens. Asch got his degree from the College of the City of New York in 1928. In 1930, he married Florence Miller.

## Career

In the 1930s, Asch started to do research. In 1951, Asch did an experiment that is known as the Asch Experiment. Asch's experiment tested how much humans are influenced by other people's opinions. A textbook that Asch wrote, _Social Psychology_, was published in 1952. In 1966 Asch started the Institute for Cognitive Studies at Rutgers University. In 1972 he moved to the University of Pennsylvania. He stayed there as a professor of psychology until he retired in 1979. He started all of this research because he thought that there was a problem with the Sherif's conformity test.
Beach House

**Beach House** is a pair of dream pop musicians from Baltimore. The band started in 2004. Victoria Legrand sings their songs and plays keyboards. Alex Scally plays guitar and plays keyboards. Beach House have released eight albums and five EPs.

## History

They made their first album in two days. Carpark Records released Beach House's first album, being their self-titled record, _Beach House_, in 2006.

_Devotion_ was released in 2008.

In January 2010 Subpop Records released Beach House's third album _Teen Dream_.

Beach House performed as an opening act for Vampire Weekend in August 2010.

In 2012 _Bloom_ was released. It went straight to number seven in the _Billboard_ 200.

The band released a short film called _Forever Still_ on February 4, 2013.

In January 2014 Beach House performed Gene Clark's 1974 album _No Other_ with Robin Pecknold, Daniel Rossen, Hamilton Leithauser, Iain Matthews, and Jess Wasner in the United States.

On April 19 2014 _Space Project_, an album with a song by Beach House on it, will be released for Record Store Day.

On August 28, 2015, the band released their 5th studio album, _Depression Cherry,_ which featured a track named "Space Song" that would go on to have relative popularity on platforms such as TikTok and YouTube.

Just 49 days later, on October 16, the band released their sixth studio album, _Thank Your Lucky Stars_.

On June 30, 2017, Beach House released a compilation album named _B-Sides and Rarities,_ featuring many past singles, hidden tracks, and even some previously unreleased songs.

On May 11, 2018, the band released their 7th studio album, aptly titled _7_. It was arguably a noticeable stylistic shift from their earlier work, yet preserved their core essence as a band, subjectively speaking. The band said it served as a "cleaning out the closet to pave the way for a new creative process."

Their 8th record, _Once Twice Melody_, would be their very first double album (an album containing double the discs or songs typical for a given band) and it would be released in four chapters. The first chapter was released on November 10, 2021, the second on December 8, 2021, the third on January 19, 2022, and the fourth and final chapter was released on February 18, 2022, along with the full album.

On April 22, 2023, the band released an EP titled _Become._ They stated on Instagram:

## Other websites

- Official website
Alloy wheels

**Alloy wheels** are automobile wheels that are made of an aluminum alloy instead of steel. Most new cars have alloy wheels, either as standard equipment or as an option. Older buses and large trucks almost never have alloy wheels, but they have recently become an option on newer models. The first alloy wheels were made of magnesium alloys, but these are no longer made because the magnesium alloys were too weak and would eventually crack.
Gene Clark

**Harold Eugene "Gene" Clark** (November 17, 1944 – May 24, 1991) was an American singer and songwriter. He started the folk rock band The Byrds in 1964. He wrote lots of The Byrds' most well known songs. They were very popular. In 1967 he released his first solo album, _Gene Clark with the Gosdin Brothers_. It was not successful. However he went on to make several more solo albums.

## Early life

Gene Clark was born in Tipton, Missouri. He was the third of thirteen children. He started writing songs when he was 11.,

## Career

In 1964 Clark started The Byrds with Jim McGuinn and David Crosby. Clark was the singer. Clark released his first album with The Byrds, _Mr Tambourine Man_, in 1965. In 1966 Clark left the band. He joined the band again in 1967. He left after three weeks. In 1968 Clark released his first album with Doug Dillard, _The Fantastic Expedition of Dillard & Clark_. Dillard & Clark released their second album, _Through the Morning, Through the Night_ in 1969. In 1974 Clark's fourth album _No Other_ was released. It got bad reviews. Clark released an album with Carla Onson in 1987 called _So Rebellious a Lover_. It was his last studio album.

## Death

Clark died on May 24, 1991. He was 46. He died because of a bleeding ulcer that he had.
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi

**Abdel Fattah Saeed Hussein Khalil el-Sisi** (born Cairo, 19 November 1954) has been the President of Egypt since June 2014. el-Sisi was Deputy Prime Minister of Egypt from 16 July 2013 - 26 March 2014. He was Minister of Defence from 12 August 2012 until 26 March 2014 when he retired from the Army. el-Sisi ran for President in May 2014, and won against Hamdeen Sabahi. He has supported fighting radical Islam while President. He is also well known for negotiating a ceasefire between Israel and Palestine.

el-Sisi graduated from the Egyptian Military Academy in 1977 with a diploma in military sciences and was an Army officer for more than 30 years. He is married to Entissar Amer.

el-Sisi was appointed defense minister by Mohamed Morsi in 2012. After Morsi began to crack down on opposition in Egypt, protests broke out. In 2013, with the support of the military and el-Sisi, Morsi was ousted in Egypt's second revolution in three years.

He was voted _TIME_ Magazine's Person of the Year in 2013 by the public, but lost to Pope Francis for the official title.

In 2019 and 2020, el-Sisi was the Chairperson of the African Union.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
- **image**: AbdelFattah Elsisi (cropped).jpg
- **native name**: عَبْد اَلْفَتَّاح اَلْسِیسِي
- **birth place**: Cairo, Egypt
- **nationality**: Egyptian
- **alma mater**: Egyptian Military Academy
- **occupation**: Prime Minister of Egypt
- **years active**: 2014-present
- **predecessor**: Mohamed Morsi; Adly Mansour (interim)
- **party**: Independent
- **spouse**: Entissar Amer (married 1977–present)
Pfalz D.III

The **Pfalz D.III** is a biplane fighter aircraft. It was flown during World War I. It was a single-engine aircraft. It was very fast when diving. The Pfalz D.III was often used to attack observation balloons.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: Pfalz D.III
- **image**: File:Zd3.jpg
- **caption**: Pfalz D.III


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Fighter aircraft.
- **national origin**: Germany
- **manufacturer**: Pfalz
- **first flight**: 1917
- **introduction**: 1917
- **status**: Out of service
- **primary user**: Germany
- **number built**: 1010 examples
Haim

**HAIM** (which is said like 'time' with a 'h' instead of a 't') is an American indie pop band from Los Angeles, California. The members are sisters Alana, Danielle, and Este. They released their first album _Days Are Gone_ on September 27 2013. The British newspaper The Guardian put the album at number twelve on their list of 2013's 40 best albums. They are often compared to Fleetwood Mac.

## Career

The sisters grew up in the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles. In 2006 they started HAIM. For the next five years the band performed where they lived. On February 10, 2012 HAIM released their first EP _Forever_. It was on their website to download for free for a short amount of time.

In January 2013 HAIM won BBC's Sound of 2013 poll.

On September 22, 2013 HAIM released their fourth single from their album _Days Are Gone_, "The Wire". It reached number sixteen in the UK Singles Chart. It was their highest charting single in the UK yet.

On November 23 2013 HAIM performed their singles "The Wire" and "Don't Save Me" on Saturday Night Live.

## Albums

- Days Are Gone (2013)
- Something to Tell You (2017)
- Women in Music Pt. III (2020)

## Other websites

- Official website
Martel, Lot

**Martel** is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France.

The town has a distinctive sky-line with medieval towers. There is a museum containing items from Puy d'Issolud, a local Gallic archaeological site which has been identified as Uxellodunum, besieged by Julius Caesar in 51 BC.

Henry the Young King died here in 1183.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Lot department

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Martel
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Halleetfabri.jpg
- **caption**: The covered market in Martel
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Martel (Lot).svg
- **arrondissement**: Arrondissement of Gourdon, Gourdon
- **canton**: Canton of Martel, Martel
- **insee**: 46185
- **postal code**: 46600
- **mayor**: **Jean-Claude Requier**
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de communes du Pays de Martel
- **elevation m**: 240
- **elevation min m**: 92
- **elevation max m**: 336
- **area km2**: 35.28
- **population**: 1467
- **population date**: 1999
Rebirth (album)

***Rebirth*** is a studio album by Lil Wayne. It is his debut rap rock album. It was supported by the songs: "Prom Queen", "Knockout" (featuring Nicki Minaj), and "Drop The World" (featuring Eminem).

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Rebirth
- **type**: Studio
- **artist**: Lil Wayne
- **released**: February 2, 2010
- **recorded**: 2008–09
Effigy Studios
<small>(Ferndale, Michigan)</small>
Record Room Studios
YMCM Studio
<small>(Miami, Florida)</small>
- **genre**: Rap rock
- **length**: 46:43
- **prev title**: Tha Carter III
(2008)
- **next title**: I Am Not a Human Being
(2010)
Swim Good

"**Swim Good**" is a song by Frank Ocean. It is from his mixtape _Nostalgia,  Ultra_. It is about a man who kills himself because of heartache. Frank Ocean references "808s & Heartbreak" by Kanye West.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Swim Good
- **artist**: Frank Ocean
- **album**: Nostalgia, Ultra
- **recorded**: 2010
- **genre**: Hip hop soul
- **label**: Def Jam Records, Def Jam
- **producer**: Midi Mafia
- **prev title**: Novacane (song), Novacane
- **prev year**: 2011
- **next title**: No Church in the Wild
- **next year**: 2012
Jane Goldman

**Jane Loretta Anne Goldman** (born 11 June 1970) is an English screenwriter and television producer. She was born in Hammersmith, west London. She wrote the screenplay for the 2012 movie _The Woman in Black_. She married Jonathan Ross in 1988. She has two daughters and a son with him. She lives with Ross in Hampstead Garden Suburb. She produces _The Big Fat Quiz of the Year_.
Novacane (song)

"**Novacane**" is a song by Frank Ocean. It is from his mixtape _Nostalgia, Ultra_. It is about a girl who works as a dentist and pornstar to get money for drugs. It is Ocean's first single. It is a PBR&B, neo soul, and alternative hip hop song.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Novacane
- **artist**: Frank Ocean
- **album**: Nostalgia, Ultra
- **released**: May 31, 2011
- **recorded**: 2010
- **length**: 5:02
- **label**: Def Jam Records, Def Jam
- **producer**: Tricky Stewart
- **chronology**: Frank Ocean singles
- **prev title**: She (Tyler, the Creator song), She
- **prev year**: 2011
- **next title**: Swim Good
- **next year**: 2011
WWE SmackDown! Shut Your Mouth

***WWE SmackDown! Shut Your Mouth*** is a professional wrestling video game developed by Yuke's and published by THQ. The game was known as **Exciting Pro Wrestling 4** in Japan. The Japanese version was published by Yuke's.

It was released on October 31, 2002 in North America, November 15, 2002 in Europe and on February 6, 2003 in Japan. The game was the first under the WWE name and is the sequel to WWF SmackDown! Just Bring It. It was followed by WWE SmackDown! Here Comes the Pain.

## Reception

IGN rated the game a 8.2 out of 10 and said "This is the first time there hasn't been an obvious, glaring problem with the series' gameplay, which is cause for some kind of celebration.”

GameSpot gave the game a 8.9 out of 10 and stated "The gameplay still might be a little too fast-paced for some, but Shut Your Mouth tries to balance it with a more useful grappling, submission, and counter system."

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Yuke's
- **publisher**: THQ (WWE SmackDown! Shut Your Mouth)
Yuke's (Exciting Pro Wrestling 4)
- **genre**: Professional wrestling
Fighting game, Fighting
- **modes**: Single player
multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation 2
Thinkin Bout You

"**Thinkin Bout You**" is a ballad by Frank Ocean. It is from his debut album _Channel Orange_. The song is a torch song. It is dedicated to his male lover. Although the song was very successful worldwide it was still very personal to Ocean. The song was originally supposed to be from Shea Taylor for her EP, but ended up being Frank Ocean's song.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Thinkin Bout You
- **border**: yes
- **artist**: Frank Ocean
- **album**: Channel Orange
- **released**: April 2012
- **recorded**: 2011
- **genre**: Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **length**: 3:17
- **label**: Def Jam
- **writer**: Frank Ocean
- **producer**: Shea Taylor
- **prev title**: No Church In the Wild
- **next title**: Pyramids
Neon Jungle

**Neon Jungle** were a British girl group. They started in early 2013. The members were Shereen Cutkelvin, Jess Plummer, Asami Zdrenka and Amira McCarthy.

On 8 August 2013, the band put a cover they sung of "We Can't Stop" by Miley Cyrus on their YouTube channel.

They released their first single "Trouble" on 1 September 2013. The song was written and produced by CocknBullKid and Benjamin Berry. It reached number twelve in the UK Singles Chart and four in the Scottish chart.

In November 2013, the band performed at the 2013 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show.

They released their second single "Braveheart" on iTunes in January 2014. It reached number four in the UK Singles Chart.

The group separated in 2015.

## Background

Two of the band's members were chosen for their strong looks.

Jess is from London. She has a Jamaican father and English mother. Asami lives in Scotland but was born in Japan. Shereen has a Scottish mother and Belizean father. Amira has a Gambian mother and Jamaican father.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Neon Jungle
- **origin**: London, United Kingdom
- **background**: group_or_band
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **years active**: 2013–2015
- **label**: Sony Music Entertainment, Sony, RCA Records, RCA (2013–present)
- **current members**: Shereen Cutkelvin
Amira McCarthy
Jess Plummer
Asami Zdrenka
Neo soul

**Neo Soul** is a genre (style) of music. It combines soul, hip hop soul, alternative hip hop and quiet storm. Some notable artists that make this kind of music are Frank Ocean, SZA, Erykah Badu, Amerie, Jordin Sparks, Adele, Beyoncé, Muni Long and Miguel. The term neo soul was created by the record producer Kedar Massenburg.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Neo soul
- **bgcolor**: blue
- **color**: white
- **cultural origins**: 1980s—early 1990s,
- **popularity**: Late 1990s – early 2000s
Qunu

**Qunu** [ˈk͡ǃuːnu] is a small rural village in South Africa's Eastern Cape Province. It is  south-west of Mthatha on the road between Butterworth and Mthatha.

Nelson Mandela spent his childhood here and had a retirement home there. On 15 December 2013, Mandela was buried in Qunu after a state funeral.

## Related pages

- More about the Nelson Mandela Museum at Qunu
United States National Library of Medicine

**United States National Library of Medicine** is a medical library in Bethesda, Maryland. It is operated by the United States Federal government. It is the largest medical library in the world.

## Other websites

- National Library of Medicine
Scarling.

**Scarling** is an American noise pop band. The members are Jessicka and her husband Christian Hejnal-Addams. They have released two albums.

## Overview

Jessicka Fodera started Scarling. in Los Angeles in 1999 after her band Jack Off Jill broke up. Their first single, "Band Aid Covers the Bullethole" was released in 2003. The b-side was a cover of "Creep" by Radiohead. They released their first album _Sweet Heart Dealer_ on February 17, 2004. It was produced by Chris Vrenna. In the summer of 2004 Scarling. performed at Curiosa, a tour organized by Robert Smith.

They released their second album _So Long, Scarecrow_ on October 25, 2005. Scarling. produced the album with Rob Campanella. They their first UK tour in December 2005. In 2006 they released an EP, _Staring to the Sun_. It has a cover of "Wave of Mutilation" by Pixies on it.

On October 29, 2013 they released a single, "Who Wants to Die for Art"? Their next album will be released in 2014 by The Committee to Keep Music Evil.
Roberto M. Levingston

**Roberto Marcelo Levingston Laborda** (January 10, 1920 – June 17, 2015) was an Argentine politician. He was a general in the
Argentine Army and president of Argentina from June 18, 1970 to March 22, 1971, during the Revolución Argentina period in Argentine history.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: **Roberto Levingston**
- **image**: Levingston.jpg
- **nationality**: Argentina, Argentine
- **order**: List of heads of state of Argentina, 36th President of Argentina
<small>_De facto government doctrine, De facto_</small>
- **term start**: June 18, 1970
- **term end**: March 21, 1971
- **predecessor**: Juan Carlos Onganía
- **successor**: Alejandro Agustín Lanusse, Alejandro Lanusse
- **birth place**: San Luis, Argentina
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **party**: none
- **profession**: Military
Hop Is Back

"**Hop Is Back**" is a song by the rap musician Hopsin. It is from his album _Knock Madness_. In the song, he insults Kendrick Lamar and Kanye West.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Hop Is Back
- **artist**: Hopsin
- **album**: Knock Madness
- **recorded**: 2013
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop
- **label**: Funk Volume
- **writer**: Hopsin
- **producer**: Hopsin, Marcus Hopson
- **prev title**: Old Friend
- **prev year**: 2013
Douglas Wilder

**Lawrence Douglas Wilder** (born January 17, 1931) is an American politician. He served as the first African American to be elected as Governor of Virginia. He was the first African-American governor of any state in the United States since the 1870s during the Reconstruction of the United States.

## Early life

Wilder was born in Richmond, Virginia. He studied at Virginia Union University and at Howard University.

## Political career

Wilder served as the 66th Governor of Virginia from 1990 to 1994. When earlier elected as Lieutenant Governor, he was the first African American elected to statewide office in Virginia. His most recent political office was Mayor of Richmond, Virginia, which he held from 2005 to 2009.

L. Douglas Wilder was born in the segregated Church Hill neighborhood of Richmond on January 17, 1931.

### Later career

On May 30, 2004, Wilder announced his intention to run for Mayor of Richmond. On November 2, 2004, Wilder received 79% of the vote (55,319 votes) to become the first directly elected Mayor of Richmond in sixty years. On May 16, 2008 Wilder announced that he would not seek reelection to another four-year term as mayor.

## Personal life

Wilder was married to Eunice Montgomery. Their marriage ended in divorce. He now lives in Richmond, Virginia.

## Other websites

- L. Douglas Wilder's oral history video excerpts  at The National Visionary Leadership Project

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable, The Honorable
- **birthname**: Lawrence Douglas Wilder
- **image**: Douglas Wilder 2003 NIH.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **caption**: Wilder in January 2003
- **order**: List of Governors of Virginia#List of Governors since the Constitution of 1776, 66th
- **office**: Governor of Virginia
- **term start**: January 13, 1990
- **term end**: January 15, 1994
- **lieutenant**: Don Beyer
- **predecessor**: Gerald L. Baliles
- **successor**: George Allen (U.S. politician), George F. Allen
- **order2**: List of mayors of Richmond, Virginia, 78th List of mayors of Richmond, Virginia, Mayor of Richmond
- **term start2**: January 2, 2005
- **term end2**: January 1, 2009
- **predecessor2**: Rudolph McCollum Jr.
- **successor2**: Dwight Clinton Jones
- **office3**: Lieutenant Governor of Virginia
- **order3**: Lieutenant Governor of Virginia#List of Lieutenant Governors of Virginia, 35th
- **term start3**: January 18, 1986
- **term end3**: January 13, 1990
- **governor3**: Gerald L. Baliles
- **predecessor3**: Richard Joseph Davis, Dick Davis
- **successor3**: Don Beyer
- **birth place**: Richmond, Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, U.S.
- **spouse**: Eunice Montgomery (div)
- **residence**: Richmond, Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Virginia Union University
Howard University
- **profession**: Attorneys in the United States, Attorney
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **otherparty**: Independent (politics), Independent
- **serviceyears**: 1951-1953
- **rank**:  Sergeant
- **battles**: Korean War
- **awards**:  Bronze Star Medal
DJ Drama

**DJ Drama** is an American DJ and record producer. He has made albums and mixtapes. He is signed to T.I.'s Grand Hustle Records.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: DJ Drama 2.jpg
- **caption**: DJ Drama In 2008.
- **background**: non_performing_personnel
- **birth name**: Tyree Cinque Simmons
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop, Southern rap, East Coast hip hop, east coast hip hop
- **occupation**: disc jockey, record producer
- **years active**: 2001–present
- **label**: Grand Hustle Records, E1 Music, Aphilliates Music Group, TM3
- **associated acts**: 2 Chainz, Don Cannon, Fabolous, Gucci Mane, La the Darkman, Lil Wayne, Meek Mill, Rick Ross, T.I., Willie the Kid (rapper), Willie the Kid, Yo Gotti, Young Jeezy, Lil Uzi Vert
Deerhoof

**Deerhoof** is a noise pop band. It was started in San Francisco in 1994 by Rob Fisk and Greg Saunier. They have released twelve albums. The members of Deerhoof are now Satomi Matsuzaki, John Dieterich, Ed Rodriguez, and Greg Saunier.

## Career

Deerhoof was signed to Kill Rock Stars in 1995. The band released its first album on the label, _The Man, the King, the Girl_ in 1997. In 1998, Kelly Goode joined the band to play keyboard. She left in 1999. The band's fourth album was released by 5 Rue Christine and Kill Rock Stars. In 2001, Chris Cohen became a guitarist for the band. On September 4, 2012, Deerhoof released their 11th studio album, _Breakup Song_, on Polyvinyl Records.

## Discography

- _The Man, the King, the Girl_ (1997)
- _Holdypaws_ (1999)
- _Halfbird_ (2001)
- _Reveille_ (2002)
- _Apple O_' (2003)
- _Milk Man_ (2004)
- _Green Cosmos_ (2005)
- _The Runners Four_ (2005)
- _Friend Opportunity_ (2007)
- _Offend Maggie_ (2008)
- _Deerhoof vs. Evil_ (2011)
- _Breakup Song_ (2012)

## Other websites

- Official website
Death and state funeral of Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela died on 5 December 2013 at the age of 95, at his home in Houghton, Johannesburg, South Africa surrounded by his family after a prolonged lung infection. His death was announced by President Jacob Zuma. Reactions from governments, international organizations, and notable individuals, got worldwide media coverage for a man of honor

## Reactions

His death got reactions  from Barack Obama, David Cameron, Pope Francis, Queen Elizabeth, Joe Biden, Harry Reid, Rihanna, Bashar al-Assad, José Mujica, Raul Castro, Nicolás Maduro, Prince William, and F. W. de Klerk.

## Official funeral events

The South African government announced a period of 10 days of national mourning ending with the state funeral on 15 December 2013. All flags on government buildings were flown at half-mast for the duration of this period.

On 9 December, it was confirmed that at least 80 foreign heads of state and government would travel to South Africa to attend events. Notable guests included the President of the United States and three former presidents of the United States; the President of India; the Prime Minister of Italy; the Vice President of China; the President of Brazil; the President of France; the President of Ireland; the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; the President of Germany; the Prime Minister of Australia; two former Governors General of Canada, the Prime Minister of Canada, and three former Prime Ministers of Canada; the Prime Minister of Jordan; and the President of Afghanistan. Royal dignitaries attending include, the King of the Netherlands, the King of Belgium, the Prince of Wales, the Prince of Asturias, the Crown Prince of Denmark, the Crown Princess of Sweden, the Crown Prince of Norway, the Crown Prince of Japan, and the Queen Rania of Jordan.

Queen Elizabeth II honored Mandela with a thanksgiving service at Westminster Abbey in early 2014.

## Day of prayer

The South African government declared Sunday, 8 December 2013 to be observed as a national day of prayer and reflection.

## Showing the body at the seat of the Government (or lying in state)

Mandela's body lay in state at the Union Buildings in Pretoria from 11 to 13 December 2013.

### State funeral, Qunu

The state funeral was held on 15 December 2013 in Qunu in the Eastern Cape. He was later buried there on the same day.