juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rock music

**Rock music** is a genre of popular music. It developed in the late 1900s, chiefly in the United States. It originally started in the 1940s and 1950s with the start of rock and roll. "_Rock and roll_" grew out of _R&B_ (Rhythm & Blues) and _country_ after the electrification of the guitar (and music in general) in the 1940s. Rock has a lot in common with other genres like _blues_ and _folk_. It has influences from _jazz_, _classical_, and other music genres.

Rock music usually uses the electric guitar, bass guitar, a singer, and the drumset. It has a 4/4 beat and it has verse-chorus form. Rock music has also helped to spread cultural and social movements. This led to large sub-cultures including modernists and rockers in the UK and the "hippie" culture that spread out from San Francisco in the US in the 1960s. Rock music has the same folk tradition as the protest song. Rock music has been involved with political activism. It has also spread awareness for race, sex, and drug-use issues. It is often seen as an expression of youth revolt against adult consumerism and conformity.

However, rock has become really varied since the 1950s and it is hard to say what its lyrics are "mostly" about. They can express romantic love, or comment all of global society. Rock music does place a focus on musical skill and live performance. By the late 1960s, rock had spread all across the United States and across the Atlantic to Great Britain. _"Rock n roll's"_ influence in local music genres in these places created hybrids like blues rock, folk rock, country rock, jazz-rock fusion, and psychedelic rock By the 1970s progressive rock, glam rock and heavy metal began to become popular. Progressive rock uses symbolic lyrics and  long instrumental sections. Glam rock focuses on showmanship and what you can see. Heavy metal focuses on raw emotion instead of technical skill.  Punk rock became more popular in the second half of the 1970s. It is inspired by other types of rock, as well as 1970s youth counterculture. Punk rock is a noisy type of rock music with political and social critiques. Punk rock influenced other sub-genres in the 1980s, including New Wave, post-punk and later alternative rock. From the 1990s, alternative rock (or "Alt Rock") became the most popular type of rock music. Alt Rock includes grunge, Britpop, and indie rock. Since the 2000's, the Rock-'n'-roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland Ohio has inducted increasingly varied artists. Philosophically, is increasingly difficult to say exact what _Rock Music_ even is.

## Artists

- Simon & Garfunkel
- Sixpence None the Richer
- The Moody Blues
- The Brian Jonestown Massacre
- The Velvet Underground
- The 13th Floor Elevators
- Creed
- Memento
- Kutless
- My Chemical Romance
- The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus
- Hawthorne Heights
- The Golden Republic
- Gym Class Heroes
- Secondhand Serenade
- Matchbox Twenty

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Rock music
- **color**: white
- **bgcolor**: crimson
- **cultural origins**: 1950s in the United States, 1960s in the United Kingdom and elsewhere
- **popularity**: Extremely high worldwide, since 1950s
- **subgenrelist**: List of rock genres
Cream

**Cream** (also called **milkfat**, **milk fat**, **butterfat**, and **butter fat**) is the fatty part of regular milk. Skimmed milk (or skim milk) is milk sold with some or nearly all of the fat removed. Cream is usually used in coffee to make it lighter in taste. Cream can also be used to make some sauces such as the Americanized Alfredo sauce.

## Dairy products made from cream

- Butter
- Cheese
    - Cottage cheese
    - Cream cheese
- Ice cream
- Sour cream
- Whipped cream

## Things named after cream

- Cream (color)
- Skin cream (including face cream)
Fall (motion)

A **fall** is, in everyday language and thought, a movement down that happens due to gravity.  An example is when something rolls off a table and falls down to the floor.

## Scientific and universal definition

Falling is a motion towards a place where an object will have a lower total potential energy or lower potential.  Total potential energy being the sum of all potential energies -- those from gravitational fields, electric fields, and magnetic fields.

The idea of falling in natural human language(s) as falling down begs the definition of what down really is. Down may be straight towards your feet, or if you are on a hill, be off at an angle. Often an attempt is made to correct this definition by saying down is towards the center of the Earth. But that definition only works here on Earth. The idea of falling using common everyday language as being in the direction of down does not work in places in the universe other than Earth. In space, somewhere between the Earth and its moon, an object may fall to the earth or fall to the moon. At other places an object may fall towards the Sun or Jupiter. At other places in the universe an object may even fall to a point in space between stars and planets.

Falling using common everyday language is also true only due to gravity. A balloon rubbed on your hair and held close to the ceiling will fall up towards the ceiling. Electrically charged objects do not always fall due to the force of gravity, but due to electric forces. As masses fall in gravitational fields, charges or charged objects will fall to a place where they have less total potential energy. Magnetic objects will fall in a magnetic field to a place where they have less total potential energy.

## Falling people

Falling is a very common cause of people's injuries, possibly the most common cause. This is especially the case for elderly people, people with various conditions causing a loss of balance, and for people who do sports and other leisure activities requiring significant motion.

In many cases, elderly people become less steady on their feet and if they fall they are at a greater risk of having serious injuries, such as breaking their hip, because of the more brittle condition of their bones.

During sports and other recreational activities such as bicycling or skateboarding, people are more likely to fall.  Some bicyclists and skateboarders wear protective clothing to protect their body in the event of a fall, such as a helmet, elbow pads, and knee pads.
Autumn

**Autumn** is the season after summer and before winter. In the United States and Canada, this season is also called **fall**. In the Northern Hemisphere, it is often said to begin with the autumnal equinox in September and end with the winter solstice in December. In the Southern Hemisphere, it runs from the autumnal equinox in March to the winter solstice in June.

In many places in the temperate zone, autumn is a time for harvesting most crops. Deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves every year) lose their leaves, usually after turning yellow, red, or brown. In many countries, autumn is the time a new school year starts. The period of school between the start of September and the end of December is often referred to as the “Fall Semester”, “Fall Quarter”, or “Fall Term”.

When it is autumn in the Northern Hemisphere, it is spring in the Southern Hemisphere. When it is autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, it is spring in the Northern Hemisphere. On the equator, autumn is very much like spring, with little difference in temperature or in weather. Autumn is a time when most animals are looking for food so they can store up for winter, because they soon will be going into hibernation. The weather gets colder and more windy.  In Autumn the hours of daylight and the hours of night are the same. In autumn the weather changes all the time. The weather turns cooler and often windy and rainy.
Fall

**Fall** has several meanings:
- Autumn, one of the four seasons of the year
- Falling or other downward movement
- A waterfall is sometimes called a fall or falls for short
Holocaust denial

**Holocaust denial**, or **Holocaust distortion**, is the false belief that the Holocaust did not happen, or was not as bad as it was. Holocaust deniers make false claims like these:
- They say that Adolf Hitler and the Nazis never planned to kill all the Jews of Europe, and that the Nazis only wanted to deport them.
- They say that the gas chambers built in the Nazi death camps were not used for mass murder; or they say that the whole idea of a gas chamber is impossible, so there couldn't have been any.
- They say that way less than six million Jews were killed, and that only a few hundred thousand died (often saying 271k).
- They say that documents and other evidence from the war period are fake documents and were made up by the Allies after the war.
- They say that Jews support what the deniers call a "Holocaust myth" in order to get money or political support for Israel or for themselves.
There is very strong and clear evidence that all these claims by Holocaust deniers are false.
Césarville-Dossainville

**Césarville-Dossainville** is a French village in the _département_ of Loiret and the _région_ of  Centre.

## Geography

- Old maps of Cesarville-Dossainville 

## History

- Local History of Cesarville-Dossainville

## Demography

|1962|1968|1975|1982|1990|1999|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|300|313|225|230|232|248|
|colspan=6 align=center|<small>Retained number from 1962 :Population without double accounts</small>|||||

## Administration

|Date of election|Identity|Quality|
| --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="3" align="center"|<small>The data previous to 2001 are not known.</small>||
|March 2001|M. Jean-François Guilbert||

## People of Cesarville-Dossainville

- + Jean GUILBERT  Mayor and "_Conseiller Général_"

## Other websites

- Cesarville-Dossainville on the website of the "_Institut Géographique National_" (in French)
- Cesarville-Dossainville on the website of the "_Insee_" (in French)
- Cesarville-Dossainville on the website of the "_Quid_" (in French)
- Village near Cesarville-Dossainville (in French)
- Localisation of Cesarville-Dossainville in France (in French)
- Map of Cesarville-Dossainville on Mapquest
- Website on **Cesarville-Dossainville**
Salem, Oregon

**Salem** (IPA: [ˈseɪ lm̩]) is the capital city of the state of Oregon in the United States of America, and county seat of Marion County. In 2020, there were 175,535 people living in Salem. It is in the Willamette Valley.

## Other websites

- City of Salem official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Salem, Oregon
- **nickname**: The Cherry City
- **image skyline**: Oregon State Capitol building.jpg
- **image caption**: Oregon State Capitol
- **image flag**: Flag of Salem, Oregon 2022.svg
- **image map**: ORMap-doton-Salem.png
- **subdivision type**: County
- **subdivision name**: Marion County, Oregon, Marion County, Polk County, Oregon, Polk County
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Julie Hoy
- **established title**: Founded
- **area total sq mi**: 46.4
- **area total km2**: 120.1
- **area land sq mi**: 44.8
- **area land km2**: 118.4
- **area water sq mi**: 0.6
- **area water km2**: 1.6
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 175535
- **population density km2**: 1156.1
- **population density sq mi**: 2994.0
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 46.7
- **elevation ft**: 154
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

**Harrisburg** is the capital city of Pennsylvania, one of the four U.S. states called a _Commonwealth_ of the United States.  As of the 2020 United States Census, the city has 50,099 people living in it.

Harrisburg is the county seat of Dauphin County and is on the Susquehanna River, 105 miles (169 km) northwest  of Philadelphia.

Originally the home to Native Americans, Captain John Smith first made contact with them in 1608. In 1719, English trader John Harris, Sr. built a home on the bank of the river, and by 1785 obtained the land from William Penn, creating the settlement of "Harrisburg" named after Harris.

## Related pages

- Three Mile Island accident

## Other websites

- City of Harrisburg official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
- **image skyline**: Hbg Photomontage 2021.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image map**: File:Dauphin County Pennsylvania incorporated and unincorporated areas Harrisburg highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 300px
- **map caption**: Location of Harrisburg in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania.
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of the United States, Commonwealth
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Pennsylvania, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Pennsylvania
- **subdivision name2**: Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, Dauphin
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Wanda Williams United States Democratic Party, (D)
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established title2**: Charter city, Charter
- **area total sq mi**: 11.4
- **area total km2**: 26.9
- **area land sq mi**: 8.1
- **area land km2**: 21.0
- **area water sq mi**: 3.3
- **area water km2**: 8.6
- **area urban sq mi**: 335.4
- **area urban km2**: 539.7
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 50,099
- **population metro**: 591,712
- **population urban**: 490,859
- **population density sq mi**: 6,169.83
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 98
- **elevation ft**: 320
- **website**: http://www.harrisburgpa.gov/
Invertebrate

An **invertebrate** is an animal that does not have a spinal column or _backbone_. This contrasts with vertebrate: if an animal is not a vertebrate (fish, reptile, amphibian, bird, or mammal), it is an invertebrate. Most animals, and most species of animal, are invertebrates.

The main phyla (groups) of invertebrate animals are:
- Annelida: segmented worms
- Arthropods: (arachnids, crustaceans, insects, and others); the largest groups of invertebrates.
- Brachiopods: the lamp-shells.
- Bryozoa: sea mats or moss animals (sometimes they look like corals)
- Cnidarians: jellyfish, sea anemones, hydroids.
- Echinoderms: starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers
- Molluscs: (gastropods, cephalopods, bivalves and others); a large group of invertebrates.
- Nematoda: roundworms
- Porifera: sponges
- Platyhelminthes: flatworms
- Rotifers: tiny "wheel animals", which live in habitats such as pond water.

Insects and other arthropods have no bones, but they have a skeleton on the outside of their bodies, called an exoskeleton.

There are 18 more groups of invertebrates, mostly minor: see List of animal phyla.
Sugar, We're Goin Down

"**Sugar, We’re Goin' Down**" is the first single from the _From Under the Cork Tree_ album, by Fall Out Boy and it was the song that made them famous. It was released in 2005.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Sugar, We're Goin' Down
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Fall Out Boy
- **album**: From Under the Cork Tree
- **b-side**: The Music or the Misery
- **released**: April 12, 2005
- **recorded**: 2004
- **label**: Island Records, Island
- **producer**: Neal Avron
- **prev title**: Saturday (Fall Out Boy song), Saturday
- **prev year**: 2003
- **next title**: Dance, Dance (Fall Out Boy song), Dance, Dance
- **next year**: 2005
Lawrence of Arabia

***Lawrence of Arabia*** is a British epic movie from 1962, based on the life of T. E. Lawrence. It stars Peter O'Toole as the title character, along with Omar Sharif and Alec Guinness. The opening scene of the movie shows Lawrence dying in a motorcycle accident. The movie then goes into a series of flashbacks (past events) from his life.

The 1982 movie _Gandhi_ follows the story pattern of _Lawrence of Arabia's_: after the main character dies at the start, it moves into a series of flashbacks from Gandhi's life.

_Lawrence of Arabia_ won seven Academy Awards, one of them for Best Picture.

Considered one of the greatest movies ever made, it has appeared on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies list (as the number five selecion).

A director's cut of the movie, running at 216 minutes, has no women talking in it.

## Other websites

- Greatest Films
- RaveCentral

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Lawrence of Arabia
- **caption**: Original poster
- **director**: David Lean
- **producer**: Sam Spiegel
- **writer**: T. E. Lawrence (writings)
Robert Bolt
Michael Wilson (Hollywood blacklist, blacklisted)
- **music**: Maurice Jarre
- **cinematography**: Freddie Young
- **editing**: Anne V. Coates
- **starring**: Peter O'Toole
Omar Sharif
Alec Guinness
Anthony Quinn
- **production companies**: Horizon Pictures
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **released**: December 10, 1962 (United Kingdom, UK)
December 16, 1962 (United States, USA)
- **runtime**: 216
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English language, English / Arabic language, Arabic / Turkish language, Turkish
- **budget**: United States dollar, $15 million (estimated)
Glyphosate

**Glyphosate** is a non-selective herbicide used in agriculture for the control of weeds, shrubs, and grasses. One brand name it is sold as is Monsanto's _Roundup_. It is also used in genetically modified crops.

There are many studies indicating glyphosate is dangerous for animals, including humans.

## Other websites

- Fact sheet
- glyphosate resistance
Pudding

**Pudding** is a popular dessert and snack. It tastes sweet, and comes in many flavors. The most common kind of pudding is chocolate. Some other kinds are vanilla, butterscotch, banana, and pistachio. Most pudding today is made out of milk, sugar, flavoring, and flour. Eggs can be used, too. If you do not want to make the pudding, you do not have to. The grocery store sells pudding that is already made. One of the most popular makers of pudding in the United States is Jell-O.

In Britain, the word "pudding" is often used for any dessert, especially a dessert made with flour and eggs and cooked by steaming, boiling or baking, e.g. treacle pudding, chocolate pudding or Spotted Dick (pudding with raisins or currants).  There are also milk puddings such as rice pudding or semolina.

Confusingly, "steak and kidney pudding" is a savoury dish, similar to "steak and kidney pie" but with a softer pastry.
Snack

A **snack** is a small amount of food eaten between meals. It can be any kind of food that you do not eat in large amounts. People eat snacks if they are hungry between meals. For example, eating potato chips after lunch but before dinner is eating a snack. Other foods that can be eaten as snacks are fruit, candy, muffins, ice cream, and popcorn.

Snacking has surged during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. Now only a few people do not snack. Most snacks bought are processed foods.

## References

A **snack** is a small amount of food eaten between meals. It can be any kind of food that you do not eat in large amounts. People eat snacks if they are hungry between meals. For example, eating potato chips after lunch but before dinner is eating a snack. Other foods that can be eaten as snacks are fruit, candy, muffins, ice cream, and popcorn.

Snacking has surged during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. Now only a few people do not snack. Most snacks bought are processed foods.
Pierre, South Dakota

**Pierre** (pronounced "peer") is the capital city of South Dakota, a state of the United States of America.  As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 14,091.  Pierre is the county seat of Hughes County. Started in 1880 on the Missouri River across from Fort Pierre, Pierre has been the state capital since 1889.

Pierre lies on rough river bluffs overlooking the Missouri River. It is a few miles away from Lake Oahe, one of the largest man-made lakes in the world, and a very popular fishing destination.

## Transportation

Two airlines serving Pierre Regional Airport provide non-stop flights to Denver and Minneapolis-St. Paul.

The nearest interstate highway is Interstate 90, about 34 miles south of Pierre via U.S. Highway 83. Pierre is one of only four state capitals not served by an interstate highway.

## Other websites

- City of Pierre official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Pierre, South Dakota
- **settlement type**: List of capitals in the United States, State capital
- **image skyline**: South Dakota State Capitol.jpg
- **image caption**: South Dakota State Capitol
- **image flag**: Flag of Pierre, South Dakota.png
- **flag size**: 90
- **image seal**: Seal of Pierre, South Dakota.png
- **seal size**: 80
- **blank emblem size**: 120
- **motto**: "On The River-On The Move"
- **image map**: Hughes County South Dakota Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Pierre Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location within Hughes County, South Dakota, Hughes County in South Dakota
- **pushpin map**: South Dakota#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within South Dakota##Location within the United States
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin label**: Pierre
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Dakota, County
- **subdivision name1**: South Dakota
- **subdivision name2**: Hughes County, South Dakota, Hughes
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1880
- **established title3**: Incorporated
- **established date3**: 1883
- **named for**: Pierre Chouteau Jr.
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 33.80
- **area total sq mi**: 13.05
- **area land km2**: 33.74
- **area land sq mi**: 13.03
- **area water km2**: 0.05
- **area water sq mi**: 0.02
- **area water percent**: 0.08
- **elevation ft**: 1700
- **population total**: 14,091
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 417.63
- **population density sq mi**: 1081.68
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: Central
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 46-49600
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1267533
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 57501
- **area code**: Area code 605, 605
- **website**: [http://www.pierre.sd.gov City of Pierre]
Charleston, West Virginia

**Charleston** is the capital city of West Virginia, a state of the United States of America.  It is where the Elk and Kanawha Rivers join in Kanawha County. As of the 2020 census, Charleston has 48,864 people living in it, which makes it the largest city in the state. It is the county seat of Kanawha County.

## Other websites

- City of Charleston official website  Chat:

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Charleston, West Virginia
- **settlement type**: List of capitals in the United States, State capital city
- **nickname**: Charlie West
- **image skyline**: Charleston's West Side (35024354856).jpg
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Charleston
- **image flag**: Flag of Charleston, West Virginia.svg
- **image map**: File:Kanawha County West Virginia Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Charleston Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 300px
- **map caption**: Location within Kanawha County
- **established title**: Founded
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **pushpin map**: West Virginia#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within West Virginia##Location within the United States
- **pushpin label**: Charleston
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in West Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Kanawha County, West Virginia, Kanawha
- **total type**: City
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 84.54
- **area total sq mi**: 32.64
- **area land km2**: 81.59
- **area land sq mi**: 31.50
- **area water km2**: 2.95
- **area water sq mi**: 1.14
- **population as of**: 2010 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 48864
- **population rank**: WV: 1st
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population urban**: 140958
- **population metro**: 210605
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 597
- **elevation m**: 182
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 25301, 25302, 25304, 25305, 25311, 25314, 25317, 25321-25339, 25350-25358, 25362, 25364, 25375, 25387, 25389, 25392, 25396
- **area code**: Area codes 304 and 681, 304/681
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 54-14600
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1558347
Madison, Wisconsin

**Madison** is the capital city of Wisconsin, a state in the United States of America. As of the 2020 census, it had 269,840 people living in it, making it the second largest city in Wisconsin. It is the county seat of Dane County. Madison is also home to the University of Wisconsin.

## Other websites

- Official city website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Madison
- **settlement type**: List of capitals in the United States, State capital city
- **nickname**: Madtown, Mad City, The City of Four Lakes, 76 Square Miles Surrounded by Reality
- **image skyline**: Aerial View of Campus, with Helen C. White Hall in foreground (14070186173).jpg
- **image caption**: Madison Isthmus
- **image flag**: Flag of Madison, Wisconsin (2018).svg
- **blank emblem size**: 100px
- **blank emblem type**: Logo
- **image map**: Dane County Wisconsin Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Madison Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Madison in Dane County, Wisconsin
- **pushpin map**: Wisconsin#USA
- **pushpin label**: Madison
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wisconsin
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wisconsin, County
- **subdivision name2**: Dane County, Wisconsin, Dane
- **subdivision type3**: Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: City
- **government type**: Mayor-council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Satya Rhodes-Conway (Democratic Party (United States), D)
- **established title1**: Founded
- **established date1**: 1836
- **established title2**: Municipal charter, Chartered
- **established date2**: 1846
- **established title3**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date3**: 1856
- **named for**: James Madison
- **total type**: City
- **area total km2**: 262.96
- **area land km2**: 206.09
- **area water km2**: 56.88
- **area total sq mi**: 101.53
- **area land sq mi**: 79.57
- **area water sq mi**: 21.96
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 269840
- **population rank**: US: List of United States cities by population, 77th WI: List of cities in Wisconsin, 2nd
- **population density km2**: 1309
- **population density sq mi**: 3391
- **population blank1 title**: Combined statistical area, CSA
- **population blank1**: 910,246 (US: List of Combined Statistical Areas, 64st)
- **population metro**: 680,796 (US: List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 84th)
- **population urban**: 450,305 (US: List of United States urban areas, 89th)
- **population density urban km2**: 1,161
- **population density urban sq mi**: 3,008
- **population blank2 title**: Demonym
- **population blank2**: Madisonian
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **area code**: Area code 608, 608, 353
- **postal code type**: Zip Codes
- **timezone**: Central
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation ft**: 873
- **blank name**: FIPS code
- **blank info**: 55-48000
- **blank1 name**: GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1581834
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Cheyenne, Wyoming

**Cheyenne** is the capital and largest city of Wyoming, a state of the United States of America. At the time of the 2020 census, there were 65,132 living in Cheyenne.  It is the county seat of Laramie County. Cheyenne was founded in 1867. The current mayor of Cheyenne is Patrick Collins.

## Other websites

- City of Cheyenne official

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Cheyenne, Wyoming
- **settlement type**: List of capitals in the United States, State capital and Municipal corporation, city
- **nickname**: Magic City of the Plains; Capital City (of Wyoming); The Frontier City
- **image skyline**: CheyenneWY downtown.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Downtown Cheyenne
- **image flag**: Flag of Cheyenne, Wyoming.svg
- **image seal**: Seal of Cheyenne, Wyoming.svg
- **image map**: WYMap-doton-Cheyenne.PNG
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Location in Wyoming
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of the United States, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wyoming
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of the United States, County
- **subdivision name2**: Laramie County, Wyoming, Laramie County
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Patrick Collins
- **established title**: Founded
- **area total km2**: 83.8
- **area total sq mi**: 32.4
- **area water km2**: 0.3
- **area water sq mi**: 0.1
- **area water percent**: 0.35
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 65,132
- **population density km2**: 779.6
- **population density sq mi**: 2,019.0
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: Mountain
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **elevation m**: 1848
- **elevation ft**: 6062
- **website**: [http://www.cheyennecity.org www.cheyennecity.org]
Cheyenne

**Cheyenne** might mean:

- Cheyenne people, a Native American tribe
- Cheyenne, Wyoming, a city in the U.S. state of Wyoming
- Cheyenne, Oklahoma, a town
- _Cheyenne_ (TV series), a television series starring Clint Walker
Jeannie Longo

**Jeannie Longo** (born October 31, 1958 at St. Gervais-les-Bains in Haute-Savoie, France) is a female French cyclist.

One of the greats of cycling, Jeannie's list of achievements follows:

- Olympic Road Race Gold Medal 1996
- Olympic Silver Medal 1992
- Olympic Bronze Medal 2000
- World Champion, Road Race 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1995
- World Time Trial Champion 1995, 1996, 1997, 2001
- Tour de France Feminin 1987, 1988, 1989.
- World Hour Record 2000 (45.094)
- 56 French National Titles

## Other websites

- Official site
Buckminster Fuller

**Richard Buckminster "Bucky" Fuller** (July 12, 1895 – July 1, 1983) was an American architect, engineer, author, designer, inventor and futurist.

Fuller published more than 30 books, inventing and popularizing terms such as "Spaceship Earth",  and "Synergetics".

He also used inventions, mainly architectural designs. The best known of which is the geodesic dome, the pinnacle of which would be a 5 kilometer diameter dome over Manhattan, as well as cloud nine. Carbon molecules known as fullerenes were later named by scientists for their resemblance to geodesic spheres.

## Some of his books

- _Nine chains to the Moon_ (1938)
- _Untitled epic poem on the history of industrialization_ (1962)
- _Ideas and integrities, a spontaneous autobiographical disclosure_ (1963)
- _No more secondhand god and other writings_ (1963)
- _What I have learned: a collection of 20 autobiographical essays_, Chapter "How little I know", (1968)
- _Operating manual for Spaceship Earth_ (1969)
- _Utopia or oblivion_ (1969)
- _Approaching the benign environment_ (1970)  (with Eric A. Walker and James R. Killian, Jr.)
- _Buckminster Fuller to Children of Earth_ (1972) compiled and photographed by Cam Smith,
- _The Dymaxion world of Buckminster Fuller_ (1960, 1973), coauthor Robert Marks,
- _Earth, Inc_ (1973)
- _Synergetics: explorations in the geometry of thinking_ (1975) in collaboration with E.J. Applewhite with a preface and contribution by Arthur L. Loeb,
- _Tetrascroll: Goldilocks and the three bears,: a cosmic fairy tale_ (1975)
- _And it came to pass — not to stay_ (1976)
- _R. Buckminster Fuller on education_ (1979)
- _Synergetics 2: Further explorations in the geometry of thinking_ (1979) in collaboration with E.J. Applewhite
- _Critical path_ (1981)
- _Inventions: the patented works of R. Buckminster Fuller_ (1983)
- _Humans in Universe_ (1983), coauthor Anwar Dil,
- _Cosmography: a posthumous scenario for the future of humanity_ (1992), coauthor Kiyoshi Kuromiya,

Please check UNITED STATES NAVAL HISTORY for Bucky Buckminster Fuller's service to the United States of America Navy.

## Other websites

- Buckminster Fuller Institute

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Buckminster Fuller
- **image**: BuckminsterFuller1.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Buckminster Fuller, 1972-3
- **birth place**: Milton, Massachusetts, United States
- **death place**: Los Angeles, United States
- **children**: 2: Allegra Fuller Snyder and Alexandra, who died in childhood
Paul Bremer

**Lewis Paul Bremer III** is an American writer and politician.  He was born on September 30, 1941.  He was named "Director of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance" on May 6 for Iraq in 2003, after the war.http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/pix/events/b/nea/iraq/20533.htm.

## Biography

Bremer was born in Hartford, Connecticut. He grew up in New Canaan, Connecticut.  He went to school at Phillips Academy and graduated in 1959.  Then he went to Yale University.  He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1963.  In 1996, he received a master's degree from Harvard University.  His degree was in business. He also received a degree in Paris.

In 1967, he joined the United States foreign service.  At first he worked in Kabul, Afghanistan.  He also worked in Blantyre, Malawi from 1968 to 1971.  He worked for the United States State Department for 23 years. During that time, he worked for six different Secretaries of State, including Alexander Haig.  A Secretary of State is the top government official in the U.S. State Department.  A secretary of state is appointed by the United States President.  He also worked as a deputy chief at an American embassy in the country of Norway.  A deputy chief is a person in charge at the embassy.

In 1983, President Ronald Reagan appointed Bremer to the position of Ambassador to the Netherlands.  He also became "Ambassador at Large for Counter Terrorism."

Bremer retired in 1989.  Then he spent the next 15 years working in private (non-government) companies. One of the companies he worked for was Kissinger Associates (a company that was run by someone who used to be a Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger).  He also served as a board member for several corporations.  A board member is someone who makes big or strategic decisions on how a company should operate.  Mr. Bremer has served on the board for corporations such as Air Products and Chemicals Incorporated, Akzo Nobel NV (a Dutch company), and Marsh Crisis Consulting Company.

Bremer speaks many languages besides English.  He speaks Arabic, French, Dutch, Norwegian, Persian, German, and Spanish.

Bremer is married to named Frances Winfield. They were married in 1966. They have two adult children and two grandchildren.

After he worked in Iraq, Bremer wrote a book.  The title of the book is _My Year in Iraq:  The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope_.  The book was published in January 2006.
1770s

The **1770s** was a decade that began on 1 January 1770 and ended on 31 December 1779. It is distinct from the decade known as the ***178th decade*** which began on January 1, 1771 and ended on December 31, 1780.

## Events

- United States Declaration of Independence ratified by the Continental Congress (July 4, 1776). The document was drafted by a committee consisting of representatives John Adams of Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, Robert R. Livingston of New York and Roger Sherman of Connecticut.
- Abol Fath Khan ascends to the throne of Persia as the second Shah of the Zand dynasty in 1779.

## World leaders

- Emperor Ch'ien Lung (China)
- King Christian VII (Denmark and Norway)
- King George III of Great Britain and the Prince-elector of Hanover
- Maria Theresa of Austria, Holy Roman Empress, Queen of Bohemia and Hungary
- Frederick II of Prussia, King of Prussia
- Empress Catherine II (Russia)
- King Charles III (Spain)
- King Louis XV (France)
- King Louis XVI (France)
- Emperor Go-Momozono (Japan)
1530s

The **1530s** was a decade that began on 1 January 1530 and ended on 31 December 1539. It is distinct from the decade known as the **_154th decade** which_ began on January 1, 1531 and ended on December 31, 1540.

## Events and trends

- Spanish conquest of Peru
- Beginning of colonization of Brazil
- Henry VIII and his control over the English church.
- Reformation in Denmark and Norway.
William P. Frye

**William Pierce Frye** (September 2, 1830–August 8, 1911) was a United States politician from Maine. He served in both the United States Senate and House of Representatives. He was a Republican.
Headache

A **headache** is when your head hurts. It is not when you hit your head with something and made it hurt that way, but when your head hurts from inside. Headache is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck.

A headache can be caused by one of several things, which are listed here:

- Fever
- Watching television or looking at a computer screen for a long time.
- Being tired or sleepy.
- As an effect of stress.
- By other neurological conditions ('neurological' means touching the nerves and the brain), like with epilepsy

The second edition of the International Headache Classification (ICHD-2) defines more than 220 different types of headaches in three categories:

- Primary headaches, for example migraine, tension headache and cluster headache.
- Secondary headaches
- Cranial neuralgias, central and primary facial pain and other headaches

Many headaches can be relieved with analgesics like aspirin.

## Other names

Cephalalgia

## Causes

- Brain tumor
- Lyme disease
- Influenza
- Brain metastasis
- Foodborne Intoxication
- Sinusitis
- Meningitis
- Encephalitis

## Treatments

In many cases headaches can be relieved naturally. Many methods such as massaging the temples near the eye, exercising your eyes (blinking, palming) and walking can all help relieve the tension of headaches. Maintaining a healthy diet, with rich proteins and iron, can keep your brain awake and healthy. One of the main factors is drinking plenty of water. These natural techniques tend to give you long-term relief whilst medication can often give you short term relief.

There are many medicines which can treat mild headaches, such as Paracetamol, Co-codamol, and Ibuprofen; but you should always consult your doctor or pharmacist before taking any.
Fever

A **fever** is when a person's body temperature is hotter than 38 degrees Celsius (100 Fahrenheit). Normal body temperature for humans varies based on a variety of factors, including age and level of physical activity.  It is typically cited as 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 F), but naturally varies from person to person by at least .5 degrees Celsius. The actual measurement of body temperature will vary based on the location of the measurement.  For a temperature taken from under the tongue, the measurement may be lower. Rectal temperatures will read about 0.3 C (0.55 F) higher, and armpit temperatures will read about the same amount lower.

When people are ill, their body's immune system fights the disease, and so the body temperature rises. Fever is a defensive measure of the body against the germs: the life cycles of the germs are disrupted when the body temperature rises.

About 38 °C (100.4 F) degrees is called a low-grade fever, and above 39.5 °C (103 F) degrees is a high-grade fever.

Children usually have a higher fever than adults; their immune system is less mature. Infants have the highest normal temperature, which decreases as people age. Some animals, especially small ones like rabbits and cats, also have a higher normal temperature than humans.

Sometimes, high-grade fever can be a medical emergency. At or above 42 °C (107.6 F) organs start taking damage that may not be repairable. While most fevers are caused by Infection, whether bacterial or viral, some fevers can be caused by cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, and renal cell carcinoma.

## Other websites

- Shands HealthCare article on fever
- American Academy of Pediatrics article on home treatment of fevers

## Infobox (medical condition)

- **name**: Fever
- **synonyms**: Pyrexia, febrile response, febrile
- **image**: Symptoms-fever.jpg
- **caption**: Person with fever
- **field**: Infectious disease (medical specialty), Infectious disease, pediatrics
- **symptoms**: **Initially**: shivering, feeling cold, chills
**Later**: flushed, sweating
- **complications**: Febrile seizure
- **causes**: Virus, bacteria, increase in the body's temperature Human body temperature#Fever, set point
- **diagnosis**: Temperature higher than the normal range of
- **differential**: Hyperthermia
- **treatment**: Based on underlying cause, not required for fever itself
- **medication**: Ibuprofen, paracetamol (acetaminophen)
- **frequency**: Common
Peoria, Illinois

**Peoria** is a city on the Illinois River in the U.S. state of Illinois.  In the 2020 census, Peoria had more than 110,000 people living in it. It is the home of the Peoria Rivermen ice hockey team. One of Peoria's largest businesses is Caterpillar, a company that makes bulldozers, mining trucks, and other kinds of machinery.

## Roads

Many people drive in and out of Peoria on Interstate 74.  People also drive around Peoria on Interstate 474.  Peoria is 157 miles (257 kilometers) southwest of Chicago, Illinois.

## Culture

Peoria has become famous as a representation of the average American city because of its demographics and its perceived mainstream Midwestern culture. On the Vaudeville circuit, it was said that if an act would succeed in Peoria, it would work anywhere. The question "Will it play in Peoria?" has now become a metaphor for whether something appeals to the American mainstream public.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Peoria, Illinois
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Illinois, City
- **image skyline**: Peoria City Hall.JPG
- **image caption**: Peoria City Hall
- **image flag**: Flag of Peoria, Illinois.svg
- **image map**: File:Peoria County Illinois Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Peoria Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Peoria in Peoria County, Illinois.
- **pushpin map**: Illinois#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin label**: Peoria
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name2**: Peoria County, Illinois, Peoria
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1691
- **established title1**: Incorporated Town
- **established date1**: 1835
- **established title2**: Incorporated City
- **established date2**: 1845
- **named for**: Peoria people
- **government type**: Council-manager government, Council-Manager
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 130.93
- **area total sq mi**: 50.55
- **area land km2**: 124.24
- **area land sq mi**: 47.97
- **area water km2**: 6.69
- **area water sq mi**: 2.58
- **elevation m**: 153
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 113150
- **population density km2**: 910.71
- **population density sq mi**: 2358.72
- **population urban**: 259,781 (List of United States urban areas, US: 155th)
- **population density urban sq mi**: 1,781.9
- **population metro**: 368,782 (Metropolitan statistical area, US: 150th)
- **population demonym**: Peorian
- **timezone1**: Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset1**: −6
- **timezone1 dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: −5
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **area code**: Area code 309, 309
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 17-59000
Sedative

A **sedative** is a depressant that lowers excitement and irritability. Doctors use sedatives to prevent nervous patients from accidentally hurting themselves or the doctor. They are also used in tranquilizer guns.

There are different kinds of sedatives:
- Drugs that make people fall asleep.
- Drugs that help people keep sleeping (not to wake up during the night).
- Drugs that calm people down, without making them sleep.

Most sedatives act very slowly, usually in 10-15 minutes.  Doctors must know a patient's weight and medical history in order give them the sedatives which are best for them.

People who have been given sedatives may seem dull, and sleepy. Since sedatives act on their ability to react, those who have been given such drugs should not do the following:
- Operate any machines
- Drive a car
- Take other drugs (including alcohol; these may make the effect of the pill bigger and can lead to overdose)
The drugs are given in clinical settings to facilitate medical procedures that would require physical restraint in a conscious patient or otherwise be unfeasible. They are also used to tranquilize dangerous animals. If the animal is in a position where it can't hurt anyone, a slow-acting sedative will be used. If the animal is out-of-control, a fast-acting sedative will be used. Fast-acting sedatives usually take between 3-5 minutes to take effect. Tranquilizer darts are rarely used on humans because there is no way to know which sedative to use and how much to use without performing a pre-anesthetic exam on the patient beforehand. There are only two known cases of a person being intentionally tranquilized, and in both cases the person doing the tranquilizing knew their target's weight and medical history.

## Problems

Sedatives usually should not be taken for a longer period of time, as there are problems:
- Many sedatives cause addiction. Trying to stop taking the drug may cause withdrawal symptoms
- If they are taken together with other drugs, this may change their effect.
Trout

A **trout** is a kind of teleost fish that belongs to the Salmoninae subfamily of the Salmonidae family. There are many different kinds of trout. They belong to the same family as the salmon.

Most trout are freshwater fish. They live in clear streams, rivers and lakes in America, Europe, and Asia.

It is possible to work out the difference between a trout and any other fish, by looking for a second dorsal fin (or adipose fin). Also, you can find for spots in mature trout and parr marks in the young.
Tijuana

**Tijuana** (  or ; ) is a city in Mexico. It is in the north of the country and across the border from California in the United States. It is the largest city in Baja California. Tijuana is well known destination for US Tourists. Tijuana is the municipal seat for the Tijuana municipality.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Tijuana
- **official name**: _Ciudad de Tijuana_
City of Tijuana
- **nickname**: T.J.
 Gateway to Mexico
 A Heart Between Two Seas
- **image skyline**: Zona_Rio_Tijuana.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Zona Río, the main business district
- **settlement type**: City
- **image shield**: Tijuana, Mexico, COA, Escudo.jpg
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **map caption**: Location of Tijuana within Mexico
- **pushpin map**: Mexico
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Baja California (state), Baja California
- **subdivision type2**: Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Tijuana Municipality, Tijuana
- **government type**: Ayuntamiento
- **leader title**: Municipal president of Tijuana, Municipal President
- **leader name**: Carlos Bustamante Anchondo
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: July 11, 1889
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 637
- **area total sq mi**: 246
- **area metro km2**: 1392.5
- **area metro sq mi**: 537.9
- **population demonym**: Tijuanan
- **population as of**: 2010 Census
- **population total**: 1300983
- **population metro**: 1650351
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population density metro km2**: auto
- **population density metro sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **elevation m**: 20
- **elevation ft**: 65
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 22000, 22200, 22127, 22440, 22444, 22650
- **area code**: Area Code 664 (Mexico), 664
- **website**: http://www.tijuana.gob.mx