juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Triceps brachii muscle

The **triceps brachii muscle** is a muscle on the back of the upper arm.  There are three parts that each come from different places at the top of the arm and join together at the elbow. It straightens the arm. The name is Latin for "three-headed muscle in the arm".

## Structure

The triceps brachii has three **heads**. They are: the long head, medial (inside) head, and the lateral (outside) head.The long head comes from the shoulderblade. It goes down the arm between teres minor muscle and teres major muscle.

The medial head and lateral heads comes from the humerus (upper arm bone).

The medial head is mostly made of small, slow muscle fibers and motor units. The lateral head is mostly made of large, fast fibers and motor units. The long head is made of a mixture of fiber types and motor units. Some scientists think that each of the three parts can be thought of as separate muscles.

The fibers join to a single tendon to attach to the ulna bone. Some research found that there might be more than one tendon.

### Nerve supply

Scientists used to think that all three heads of the triceps brachii got nerve signals from the radial nerve. However, a study found that, in 20 cadaveric (dead) bodies and 15 live people, the long head actually got nerve signals from part of the axillary nerve in every case.

## Function

The triceps straightens the elbow pulls against the biceps and brachialis muscles. It can also hold the elbow in place when the forearm and hand are used for small movements, like writing.The long head might be used when the same force is needed for a long time, or to help control shoulder and elbow movement. The lateral head is used when a lot of force is needed at once, while the medial part is used for more careful movement.

The long head also moves shoulder joint, bringing the arm backwards or inwards.

## Training

The triceps can be trained by itself or together with other muscles by straightening the elbow or keeping it straight while holding something.

## Name

The name triceps brachii is Latin for three-headed. It is called this because there are three parts of the muscle. The triceps brachii is commonly just called the triceps.

The plural of _triceps_ used to be _tricipites_, but now people usually say _triceps_ to mean both singular and plural.

## Animals

In horses, the long head is about 84% of the weight of the triceps, the lateral head is about 15%, and the medial head is about 3%.

Many mammals, like dogs, cows, and pigs, have a fourth triceps head, called the accessory head. It is between the lateral and medial heads.

## Other websites

- Photo  at Ithaca College
A Touch of Class (band)

**A Touch of Class** (also known as **ATC**) was a pop group based in Germany. It had four members. They each came from different countries— Joseph "Joey" Murray from New Zealand, Livio Salvi from Italy, Sarah Egglestone from Australia and Tracey Packham from the United Kingdom. The group was active from 1998 to 2003.

They were most popular after the release of their first single, "Around the World (La La La La La)", in 2000. This song was an English version of the song "Pesenka" by Ruki Vverh! It was first released on 9 May 2000. It charted at #1 in Germany for six weeks. It was later a Top 40 hit in the United Kingdom and United States. The song was in a television commercial for General Electric in early 2002. Similar-sounding songs were successful in parts of Europe, but A Touch of Class are mainly remembered for this first hit.

Their first album was _Planet Pop_. It was released on 6 February 2001 by Sony BMG Music Entertainment and Republic Records. Their second album was _Touch The Sky_. It was not very successful. The group broke up in mid-2003.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: A Touch of Class
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: ATC
- **origin**: Hamburg, Germany
- **genre**: Europop, Eurodance
- **years active**: 1998–2003
- **associated acts**: DJ Jurgen
- **past members**: Joseph "Joey" Murray
Sarah Egglestone
Tracey Packham
Livio Salvi
Civil War Journal

***Civil War Journal*** is an American documentary television series on The History Channel. It was shown from September 8, 1993 to July 2, 1995. There was only one season.
Roaring Spring, Pennsylvania

**Roaring Spring** is a borough in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. It had 2,384 people living there at the 2020 census. It is part of the Altoona Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Roaring Spring, Pennsylvania
- **settlement type**: Borough (Pennsylvania), Borough
- **image caption**: The pond in Roaring Spring
- **pushpin map**: Pennsylvania
- **pushpin label**: Roaring Spring
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Pennsylvania
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Pennsylvania, County
- **subdivision name2**: Blair County, Pennsylvania, Blair
- **government type**: Borough Council
- **leader title**: President
- **leader title1**: Vice-president
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1865
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established date1**: 1888
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2.09
- **area land km2**: 2.09
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.81
- **area land sq mi**: 0.81
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2384
- **population density km2**: 1143.23
- **population density sq mi**: 2961.49
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation ft**: 1027
- **postal code type**: Zip code
- **postal code**: 16673
- **area code**: Area code 814, 814
- **website**: [http://www.roaringspring.net/ Roaring Spring]
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 42-65256
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1202160
- **image map**: File:Blair County Pennsylvania Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Roaring Spring Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Roaring Spring in Blair County, Pennsylvania.
Roaring Spring, Kentucky

**Roaring Spring** is an unincorporated community in Trigg County, Kentucky, United States.

A post office called Roaring Spring was established in 1849, and operated until 1909. It is named after a nearby cave spring which produced a roar.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Roaring Spring
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated community
- **pushpin map**: USA Kentucky
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of Kentucky
- **map caption**: Location within Trigg County
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of the United States, State
- **subdivision name1**: Kentucky
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Kentucky, County
- **subdivision name2**: Trigg County, Kentucky, Trigg
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2000, 2000
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CST
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 558
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 502041
Roaring Spring

**Roaring Spring** may refer to:

- Roaring Spring, Kentucky, an unincorporated community in Trigg County
- Roaring Spring, Pennsylvania, a borough in Blair County
La Paz, Honduras

**La Paz** () is the capital of the La Paz Department of Honduras. It has a population of 46,264 (2015 est.).

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: La Paz
- **pushpin map**: Honduras
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Honduras
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Honduras
- **subdivision type1**: Department
- **subdivision name1**: La Paz
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1792
- **area total km2**: 162
- **population as of**: 2015
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **population total**: 46264
- **population density km2**: auto
- **elevation ft**: 2461
Kenton County, Kentucky

**Kenton County** is a county in Kentucky. Its county seats are Covington and Independence.

Kenton County is included in the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

### Cities

- Bromley
- Covington (county seat)
- Crescent Springs
- Crestview Hills
- Edgewood
- Elsmere
- Erlanger
- Fairview
- Fort Mitchell
- Fort Wright
- Independence (county seat)
- Kenton Vale
- Lakeside Park
- Ludlow
- Park Hills
- Ryland Heights
- Taylor Mill
- Villa Hills
- Walton

### Unincorporated communities

- Atwood
- Latonia
- Latonia Lakes
- Nicholson
- Visalia

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Kenton County
- **state**: Kentucky
- **founded year**: 1840
- **seat**: Covington, Kentucky, Covington and Independence, Kentucky, Independence
- **largest city**: Covington
- **area total sq mi**: 164
- **area land sq mi**: 160
- **area water sq mi**: 4.1
- **area percentage**: 2.5
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 169064
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **web**: www.kentoncounty.org
- **named for**: Simon Kenton
- **ex image**: Kenton county courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Kenton County Courthouse in Independence
- **district**: 4th
Trigg County, Kentucky

**Trigg County** is a county in Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,061. Its county seat is Cadiz.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Trigg County
- **state**: Kentucky
- **founded year**: 1820
- **seat wl**: Cadiz
- **largest city wl**: Cadiz
- **area total sq mi**: 481
- **area land sq mi**: 441
- **area water sq mi**: 40
- **area percentage**: 8.3
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 14061
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: http://www.triggcounty.ky.gov/
- **named for**: Stephen Trigg
- **ex image**: Cadiz courthouse with sign.jpg
- **ex image cap**: The old Trigg County courthouse in Cadiz, Kentucky. It was torn down in 2008 to make way for a new courthouse, which is already completed.
- **district**: 1st
Harlan County, Kentucky

**Harlan County** is a county in Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,831. Its county seat is Harlan.

### Cities

- Benham
- Cumberland
- Evarts
- Harlan (county seat)
- Loyall
- Lynch
- Wallins Creek

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Harlan County
- **state**: Kentucky
- **founded year**: 1819
- **seat wl**: Harlan
- **largest city wl**: Cumberland
- **area total sq mi**: 468
- **area land sq mi**: 466
- **area water sq mi**: 2.3
- **area percentage**: 0.5%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 26831
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **web**: http://judge-executive.harlanonline.net/
- **named for**: Silas Harlan
- **ex image**: Harlan County Kentucky Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Harlan County courthouse in Harlan
- **district**: 5th
BBC Choice

**BBC Choice** was a television channel owned by the British Broadcasting Corporation. It launched on 23 September 1998 along with the launch of digital television in the UK, there was also a launch promo featuring actress Pauline Quirke. It was replaced on 8 February 2003 by BBC Three.
Kenton

**Kenton** may refer to:

### Canada

- Kenton, Manitoba

### South Africa

- Kenton-on-Sea

### United Kingdom

- Kenton, Devon
- Kenton, London
- Kenton, Newcastle upon Tyne
- Kenton, Suffolk

### United States

- Kenton, Delaware
- Kenton Hundred, an unincorporated subdivision of Kent County, Delaware
- Kenton County, Kentucky
- Kenton, Ohio
- Kenton, Michigan
- Kenton, Portland, Oregon
- Kenton, Oklahoma
- Kenton, Tennessee

## Other uses

- Kenton (surname)

## Related pages

- Ken-Ton, the pairing of Kenmore, New York and Tonawanda, New York
Toulouse School of Economics

**Toulouse School of Economics** (TSE) is a school for the study of economics. The school is in Toulouse, France. It is one of the most famous research and teaching centers of economics in the world. It was created in 2006.

TSE is specialist in the fields of economics. Its President is Jean Tirole, who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2014.

## Former students

- Philippe Crébassa, French aerospace engineer and businessman.
- Éloïc Peyrache, French Economist

## Other website

- Official
Jasmine Tookes

**Jasmine Tookes** (born February 1, 1991) is an American model.

Tookes was born and raised in Huntington Beach, California.  She did gymnastics for ten years and was active in volleyball and softball before she became a model at about the age of 15. Her mother is a celebrity fashion stylist. Tookes wther's showroom appointments.

Tookes is of  mixed ancestry. African, West Indian and her maternal grandmother is Caucasian.

Tookes' first commercial ad campaigns were in 2010 for ugg boots and Gap. Before breaking out on the international scene, she booked a Spring 2011 DKNY campaign and a layout in _Vogue Italia_.

In 2015, she became a Victoria's Secret Angel.

In September 2020, Tookes announced her engagement to her boyfriend of four years Juan David Borrero, director of international markets of Snap Inc and son of doctor Alfredo Borrero Vega, Vice President-elect of Ecuador.

## Infobox (model)

- **image**: Jasmine Tookes at the 2014 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Tookes at the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2014
- **haircolor**: Dark brown
- **eyecolor**: Brown
- **occupation**: Model
- **years active**: 2010–present
- **agency**: The Lions (agency), The Lions
Paavo Nurmi

**Paavo Johannes Nurmi** (13 June 1897 – 2 October 1973) was a Finnish middle- and long-distance runner. He was born in Turku. Nurmi set 22 official world records at distances between 1500 metres and 20 kilometres. He participated in the Olympic Games twelve times where he won nine gold and three silver medals.
Belle (Disney)

**Belle** is a brunette Disney princess. She is in the Disney movie, _Beauty and the Beast_. She is a normal girl who loves to read and help her father. She hates the Beast till she finds out he is not a beast. He has a loving heart and was cursed by an old woman. Some say Belle has brown eyes, others say she has hazel, but it really depends on the image. She has long brown hair, and a loving heart.
Hardin

**Hardin** may refer to:

## People

- Hardin (surname)

## Places

- Hardin, California
- Hardin, Illinois
- Hardin, Kentucky
- Hardin, Missouri
- Hardin, Montana
- Hardin, Ohio
- Hardin, Texas

### Counties

- Hardin County, Illinois
- Hardin County, Iowa
- Hardin County, Kentucky
- Hardin County, Ohio
- Hardin County, Tennessee
- Hardin County, Texas
Hardin, Ohio

**Hardin** is an unincorporated community in Shelby County, Ohio.

## History

Hardin was platted in 1816. The community was named for John Hardin (1753–1792), a Continental Army officer in the American Revolutionary War. Hardin was the county seat from 1819 until 1820. A post office called Hardin was established in 1820, and discontinued in 1909.
Jeffersonville

**Jeffersonville** is the name of several places in the United States:

- Jeffersonville, Georgia
- Jeffersonville, Illinois
- Jeffersonville, Indiana
- Jeffersonville, Kentucky
- Jeffersonville, New York
- Jeffersonville, Ohio
- Jeffersonville, Vermont
Jefferson County

**Jefferson County** is the name of 26 counties and one parish in the United States:

- Jefferson County, Alabama
- Jefferson County, Arkansas
- Jefferson County, Colorado
    - Jefferson County, Jefferson Territory
- Jefferson County, Florida
- Jefferson County, Georgia
- Jefferson County, Idaho
- Jefferson County, Illinois
- Jefferson County, Indiana
- Jefferson County, Iowa
- Jefferson County, Kansas
- Jefferson County, Kentucky
- Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
- Jefferson County, Mississippi
- Jefferson County, Missouri
- Jefferson County, Montana
- Jefferson County, Nebraska
- Jefferson County, New York
- Jefferson County, Ohio
- Jefferson County, Oklahoma
- Jefferson County, Oregon
- Jefferson County, Pennsylvania
- Jefferson County, Tennessee
- Jefferson County, Texas
- Jefferson County, Washington
- Jefferson County, West Virginia
- Jefferson County, Wisconsin
Pantelis Pantelidis

**Pantelis Pantelidis** (23 November 1983 – 18 February 2016) was a Greek singer and songwriter. He was born in Athens and grew up in Nea Ionia. He worked in the Greek Navy, but left this job for a musical career. He learned music by himself. He became known from some YouTube videos. He worked with Greek musicians such as Vasilis Karras, Despina Vandi and others. He twice won awards at the MAD Video Music Awards, first in 2013 as the best new artist and secondly in 2015 as the best Greek male singer.

Pantelidis was killed on February 18, 2016, in a car crash in Athens. He was aged 32.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Pantelis Pantelidis
Παντελής Παντελίδης
- **image**: Pantelis_Pantelidis.JPG
- **caption**: Pantelis Pantelidis on stage
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Athens, Greece
- **death place**: Athens, Greece
- **origin**: Nea Ionia, Greece
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter, lyricist
- **years active**: 2012–2016
Belinda Nash

**Belinda Nash** (October 27, 1946 – February 16, 2016) was an American historian, author and activist. She wrote a biography of Grace Sherwood, the last person to be "convicted" by ordeal of being a witch in Virginia. As a result of Nash's work, Sherwood was given a pardon, 300 years after her trial by ordeal.

Nash died in Virginia Beach, Virginia on February 16, 2016 from cancer. She was aged 69.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Belinda Nash
- **image**: Belinda Nash-Stroll of Lost Souls Crop.jpg
- **caption**: Nash at the Ferry Plantation House,
- **birth date**: October 27, 1946
- **birth place**: Canada
- **death place**: Virginia Beach, Virginia, US
- **death cause**: Cancer
- **organization**: Ferry Plantation House
Claude Jeancolas

**Claude Jeancolas** (1949 – 17 February 2016) was a French writer, art historian and journalist. He was best known for his expertise on Arthur Rimbaud. He was born in Nancy, France.

Jeancolas died in Paris, France from cancer on 17 February 2016. He was aged 66.
Displacement (ship)

**Displacement** or **displacement tonnage** is the weight of water that a ship pushes aside when it is floating, which in turn is the weight of a ship (and its contents). It is usually applied to naval vessels rather than commercial ones, and is measured when the ship's fuel tanks are full and all stores are aboard.  Merchant vessels use other measures such as net tonnage, gross tonnage, or deadweight tonnage.
Tamerlan Aguzarov

**Tamerlan Kimovich Aguzarov**  (; 14 June 1963  – 19 February 2016) was a Russian politician. He was the head of North Ossetia-Alania from June 5, 2015 until his death in February 19, 2016.

Aguzarov died on 19 February 2016 in Moscow from complications of pneumonia. He was aged 52.

## Other websites

- Официальный сайт Правительства Республики Северная Осетия — Алания

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Tamerlan Kimovich Aguzarov
Тамерлан Кимович Агузар
- **nationality**: Ossetians, Ossetian
- **image**: Tamerlan Aguzarov, 2015.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **order**: 4th Head of North Ossetia-Alania
- **term start**: June 5, 2015
- **term end**: February 19, 2016
- **predecessor**: Taymuraz Mamsurov
- **successor**: Vyacheslav Bitarov
- **birth place**: Alagir,  RSFSR, USSR
- **death place**: Moscow,  Russian Federation
- **profession**: Jurist
- **party**: United Russia
- **awards**:
Bill Daily

**Bill Daily** (August 30, 1927 – September 4, 2018) was an American comedian and dramatic actor. He acted in many television sitcoms. He was best known for playing astronaut Roger Healey on _I Dream of Jeannie_ and commercial airline navigator Howard Borden on _The Bob Newhart Show_.

Daily was born in Des Moines, Iowa. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Daily died on September 4, 2018 at the age of 91 in his home in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bill Daily
- **image**: Major Healy Bill Daily (5844956128) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Daily in 2011
- **birth place**: Des Moines, Iowa, U.S.
- **death place**: Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, comedian
- **yearsactive**: 1952–2018
- **spouse**: Patricia Anderson (1949–76; 2 children)
Vivian Sanchez (1980–??)
Becky Daily (1993–2010 (her death))
Aleksey Batalov

**Aleksey Vladimirovich Batalov** () was a Soviet and Russian actor. He has been known for his portrayal of noble and positive characters. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1976 and a Hero of Socialist Labour in 1989. He also starred in Mikhail Romm's _Nine Days of One Year_ (1962). In 1967 he was a member of the jury of the 5th Moscow International Film Festival. In 1973 he was a member of the jury at the 8th Moscow International Film Festival.

Batalov died on 14 June 2017 in Moscow from complications of a fall at the age of 88.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Aleksey Batalov
<small>Алексе́й Бата́лов</small>
- **image**: Aleksey Batalov.jpg
- **caption**: Aleksey Batalov, June 12, 2006
- **birth place**: Vladimir, USSR, Russia
- **death place**: Moscow, Russia
- **nationality**: Russian
- **occupation**: Actor, Film director, Director
- **spouse**: Gitana Leontenko (1963-2017)
- **parents**: Vladimir Batalov
Nina Olshevskaya
Comberton

**Comberton** is a village and civil parish in South Cambridgeshire, England. It is about 10 km (6 miles) south-west of the city of Cambridge.

Comberton has a population of about 2,400. It has two churches: an Anglican church dating from the 13th century, and a Baptist church dating from 1861.

Its neighbouring village is Barton.

## Related pages

- List of places in Cambridgeshire

## Other websites

- Comberton Village Website

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Comberton
- **static image**: Comberton village green.jpg
- **static image caption**: Comberton village green and pond
- **population**: 2,346
- **population ref**: (2011 Census)
- **shire district**: South Cambridgeshire
- **region**: East of England
- **shire county**: Cambridgeshire
- **post town**: CAMBRIDGE
- **postcode district**: CB23
- **postcode area**: CB
- **dial code**: 01223
- **os grid reference**: TL383563
Eric Brown (pilot)

Captain **Eric Melrose "Winkle" Brown**, CBE, DSC, AFC, Hon FRAeS, RN (21 January 1919 – 21 February 2016) was a Scottish Royal Navy officer and test pilot. He flew 487 different types of aircraft, more than anyone else in history.

He also held the world record for most aircraft carrier landings performed (2,407) and was the Fleet Air Arm's most decorated living pilot. He achieved several "firsts" in naval aviation, including the first landings on an aircraft carrier of a twin-engined aircraft, an aircraft with a tricycle undercarriage and a jet-propelled aircraft.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Eric Brown
- **image**: Naval Pilot Who Landed Jet Plane on Carrier. On 3 December 1945, Lieut Cdr Eric Melrose Brown, MBE, DSC, RNVR, Chief Naval Test Pilot, Landed a De Havilland Sea Vampire Jet Aircraft on the Flight Deck of the British Aircraft Carrier HMS Ocean..jpg
- **caption**: Brown in December 1945
- **birth name**: Eric Melrose Brown
- **birth place**: Leith, Scotland
- **death place**: Surrey, England
- **nickname**: Winkle
- **serviceyears**: 1939–1970
- **rank**: Captain (Royal Navy), Captain
- **battles**: **World War II**
Bruno Zuppiger

**Bruno Zuppiger** (24 February 1952 – 19 February 2016) was a Swiss management consultant and politician. He was a member of the conservative Swiss People's Party. He served on the Swiss National Council representing the Canton of Zürich. In 1999, he was elected to the National Council. He was chairman of the National Council's Finance Committee and also served on the Security Policy Committee.

Zuppiger was born in St. Gallen, Switzerland. He graduated from the University of St. Gallen and the Zürich Teachers' Seminary in 1976. Zuppiger died in Hinwil on 19 February 2016 of sudden heart failure. He was aged 63.
Samuel Willenberg

**Samuel Willenberg** (February 16, 1923 – February 19, 2016) was a Polish-born Israeli prisoner in the Treblinka extermination camp. He was part of its prisoner revolt, and a participant of the Warsaw Uprising. In the uprising, he used the name ***Igo***.

Willenberg was born in Częstochowa, Poland.

After the war he lived in Israel. He received the highest of Poland's orders including Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit. It was awarded by President Lech Kaczyński.

His memoir, titled _Revolt in Treblinka_, was published in Hebrew, Polish and English between 1986 and 1991. He was a sculptor and painter.

Willenberg died on February 19, 2016 from complications of a stroke in Udim, Israel. He was aged 93. Before his death, he was the last living survivor of Treblinka.

## Other websites

- Michał Grynberg, Maria Kotowska, _Życie i zagłada Żydów polskich 1939–1945_ (The Life and extermination of Polish Jewry 1939–1945). Warsaw, Oficyna Naukowa 2003, p. 202. .
- Samuel Willenberg, _Bunt w Treblince_ (Revolt in Treblinka). Warsaw, Biblioteka "Więzi" 2004, pp. 9–150. .
- Patrycja Bukalska, "Piekło płonie" (The Hell burns) in: _Tygodnik Powszechny_ [on-line]. _Tygodnik.onet.pl_, 16/2013 (Special). Accessed August 29, 2013.
- Barbara Engelking, Dariusz Libionka, _Żydzi w powstańczej Warszawie_ (Jews in the Warsaw Uprising). Warsaw, Stowarzyszenie Centrum nad Zagładą Żydów (Center for Holocaust Association) 2009, pp. 75–155. .

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Samuel Willenberg
- **image**: Samuel Willenberg Treblinka 2 sierpnia 2013.JPG
- **caption**: Samuel Willenberg at Treblinka,
 August 2, 2013
- **birth place**: Częstochowa, Poland
- **death place**: Udim, Israel
- **nationality**: Polish, Israeli
- **field**: The Holocaust in art and literature, Holocaust art
- **movement**: Realism, post-expressionism
Fernando Cardenal

**Fernando Cardenal Martínez** (26 January 1934 – 20 February 2016) was a Nicaraguan Jesuit and liberation theologian. He served as Minister of Education from 1984 to 1990, during the Sandinista era. His brother, poet Ernesto Cardenal, also a Catholic priest, served as Minister of Culture from 1979 to 1987. He was born in Granada, Nicaragua.

Cardenal died in Managua from heart failure on 20 February 2016. He was aged 82.

## Other websites

- Fernando Cardenal as a Jesuit Priest
- Interview with Fernando Cardenal from Georgetown University
Ove Verner Hansen

**Ove Verner Hansen** (20 July 1932 – 20 February 2016) was a Danish opera singer and actor. He played the character "Bøffen" (or "Biffen" in Norwegian, literally meaning "the steak" in both languages) in several of the Olsen Gang (Olsenbanden) movies. He played a tall large slow-moving henchman, often seen lifting Egon Olsen up over his head, carrying him under one arm, and trying to kill him.

Hansen died in Gentofte, Denmark from a heart attack on 20 February 2016. He was aged 83.

## Other websites

- Ove Verner Hansen at Danskefilm.dk

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ove Verner Hansen
- **image**: Ove Verner Hansen 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Ove Verner Hansen (2013)
- **birth place**: Helsingør, Denmark
- **death place**: Gentofte, Denmark
- **signature**: Ove Verner Hansen Autograf.png
Vi Subversa

**Frances Sokolov** (20 June 1935 – 19 February 2016), better known by her stage name **Vi Subversa**, was a British singer and guitarist. She was a member of the anarcho-punk band Poison Girls. She was born in London, England.

Subversa died of cancer at her home in London on 19 February 2016. She was aged 80.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Vi Subversa
- **image**: poisongirls.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: London, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar
- **genre**: Anarcho punk
- **occupation**: Musician, singer
- **years active**: 1975–2016
- **label**: Crass Records, Crass, XNTrix
- **associated acts**: Poison Girls
Log Cabin Republicans

**Log Cabin Republicans** (**LCR**) is an organization in the United States. They do work within the Republican Party. They work for equal rights for LGBT people in the United States.

On February 15, 2013, the National Board of Directors made Gregory T. Angelo the director.

## History

Log Cabin Republicans began in 1977 in California as a cause for Republicans who were against the Briggs Initiative. The Briggs Initiative would have banned homosexuals from teaching in public schools. It called for the firing of openly gay or lesbian teachers.

Ronald Reagan, who was running for president, was against the Briggs Initiative.

LCR was against the re-election of George W. Bush in 2004 because of his support of the Federal Marriage Amendment.

## Platform

LCR acts differently from socially conservative Republicans' views or is neutral. They work for same-sex marriage, domestic partner benefits and permanent removal of the estate tax.

The LCR has no official position on abortion.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Log Cabin Republicans
- **abbreviation**: LCR
- **motto**: Inclusion Wins
- **type**: Republican Party (United States), Republican, LGBT
- **headquarters**: Washington, D.C.
- **region served**: United States
- **leader title**: Executive Director
- **leader name**: Gregory T. Angelo
- **affiliations**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **website**: [http://logcabin.org logcabin.org]
Briggs Initiative

**California Proposition 6**, also known as **Briggs Initiative**, was an initiative on the California state ballot on November 7, 1978. It did not pass. It was sponsored by John Briggs, a conservative state legislator from Orange County. The initiative would have banned homosexuals from working in California public schools.

The San Francisco politician Harvey Milk fought the measure. California Governor Ronald Reagan and President Jimmy Carter were against it. Polls had originally showed support for the initiative leading by a large margin. It was defeated by the LGBT community, conservatives and liberals alike.
Hans Posthumus

**Hans Posthumus** (10 March 1947 – 15 February 2016) was a Dutch professional footballer. He played as a striker.

Posthumus was born in Harderwijk, Netherlands. He played for VVOG, Wageningen, Feyenoord, Mechelen, Lierse and NEC. While with Lierse he was the top-scorer in the Belgian Pro League during the 1975–76 season. He retired from professional football in October 1978, at the age of 31, due to back pain.

Posthumus died of a stroke at a hospital in Rotterdam on 15 February 2016. He was aged 67.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Hans Posthumus
- **image**: Hans Posthumus (1972).jpg
- **fullname**: Johannes Posthumus
- **birth place**: Harderwijk, Netherlands
- **death place**: Rotterdam, Netherlands
- **position**: Forward (association football), Striker
- **youthclubs1**: VVOG
- **years1**: 1965–1969
- **clubs1**: VVOG
- **years2**: 1969–1970
- **clubs2**: FC Wageningen, Wageningen
- **years3**: 1970–1972
- **clubs3**: Feyenoord
- **years4**: 1972–1974
- **clubs4**: K.R.C. Mechelen, Mechelen
- **years5**: 1974–1976
- **clubs5**: Lierse S.K., Lierse
- **years6**: 1976–1978
- **clubs6**: N.E.C. (football club), NEC
Nando Yosu

**Fernando Trío Zabala** (8 July 1939 – 20 February 2016), known as **Nando Yosu**, was a Spanish football midfielder and manager. His long career, as both a player and coach, was mainly associated with Racing de Santander. He played with Racing Santander from 1958 to 1962 and again from 1963 to 1964. He managed Racing Santander from 1977 to 1979, in 1996, 1998 to 1999, in 2005 and in 2006.

Yosu was born in Mungia, Spain. He retired in 2006 because he had Alzheimer's disease. Yosu died from the disease on 20 February 2016 in Santander, Spain. He was aged 76.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Nando Yosu
- **fullname**: Fernando Trío Zabala
- **birth place**: Mungia, Spain
- **death place**: Santander, Spain, Santander, Spain
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthclubs1**: Nueva Montaña
- **years1**: 1958–1962
- **clubs1**: Racing de Santander, Racing Santander
- **caps1**: 101
- **goals1**: 23
- **years2**: 1959–1960
- **clubs2**: → Rayo Cantabria (loan)
- **years3**: 1962–1964
- **clubs3**: Valencia CF, Valencia
- **caps3**: 8
- **goals3**: 1
- **years4**: 1963–1964
- **clubs4**: → Racing de Santander, Racing Santander (loan)
- **caps4**: 28
- **goals4**: 1
- **years5**: 1964–1966
- **clubs5**: Athletic Bilbao
- **caps5**: 30
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 1966–1969
- **clubs6**: Pontevedra CF, Pontevedra
- **caps6**: 28
- **goals6**: 0
- **years7**: 1969–1971
- **clubs7**: CD Puertollano, Calvo Sotelo
- **caps7**: 48
- **goals7**: 6
- **years8**: 1971–1972
- **clubs8**: Gimnástica de Torrelavega, Gimnástica
- **totalcaps**: 243
- **totalgoals**: 31
- **manageryears1**: 1971–1972
- **managerclubs1**: Gimnástica de Torrelavega, Gimnástica
- **manageryears2**: 1973–1975
- **managerclubs2**: Gimnástica de Torrelavega, Gimnástica
- **manageryears3**: 1977–1979
- **managerclubs3**: Racing de Santander, Racing Santander
- **manageryears4**: 1979–1981
- **managerclubs4**: Real Oviedo, Oviedo
- **manageryears5**: 1982–1984
- **managerclubs5**: Linares CF, Linares
- **manageryears6**: 1984
- **managerclubs6**: Granada CF, Granada
- **manageryears7**: 1985–1986
- **managerclubs7**: Deportivo Alavés, Alavés
- **manageryears8**: 1988–1989
- **managerclubs8**: UD Alzira, Alzira
- **manageryears9**: 1990
- **managerclubs9**: Orihuela Deportiva CF, Orihuela Deportiva
- **manageryears10**: 1992
- **managerclubs10**: SD Ponferradina, Ponferradina
- **manageryears11**: 1992–1994
- **managerclubs11**: Granada CF, Granada
- **manageryears12**: 1996
- **managerclubs12**: Racing de Santander, Racing Santander
- **manageryears13**: 1998–1999
- **managerclubs13**: Racing de Santander, Racing Santander
- **manageryears14**: 2005
- **managerclubs14**: Racing de Santander, Racing Santander
- **manageryears15**: 2006
- **managerclubs15**: Racing de Santander, Racing Santander
CAGE questionnaire

The **CAGE questionnaire** is a set of four questions about a person's drinking habits.  It is commonly used to test adults for alcoholism.

Because it is so short, doctors often start by using the CAGE questionnaire when they suspect that a patient may be an alcoholic.  People can also do the CAGE questionnaire on their own.

"CAGE" is an acronym for the four questions in the test.

## The test

The four questions in the CAGE questionnaire are:

|scope="col"||scope="col"|**Question**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**C**|Have you ever felt like you needed to **C**ut down on your drinking [drink less]?|||
|**A**|Have people **A**nnoyed you by criticizing your drinking?|||
|**G**|Have you ever felt **G**uilty about your drinking?|||
|**E**|Have you ever felt like you needed a drink first thing in the morning (an **E**ye-opener) to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover?|||

## Scoring the test

If a person answers "yes" to a question, they score one point for that question.  If they answer "no" to a question, they score a 0.

If a person scores 2 or more - meaning they answered "yes" to at least two of the four questions - they are likely to have a problem with alcohol.

Scoring 2 or more on the CAGE does not automatically mean that a person is an alcoholic.  However, it does mean that they need more testing to see if they are an alcoholic.

The most important question is the last one.  If a person needs a drink in the morning to feel better, it means they are having alcohol withdrawal symptoms.  This means the person's body is dependent on alcohol.  (The person's body is so used to having alcohol that when it does not have alcohol, even overnight, the person gets sick.)  This is one of the main signs of alcoholism.

## Effectiveness

Many studies have shown that the CAGE questionnaire is a good test for alcoholism.  For example, one study showed that:
- 77% of people who scored 2 or more on the CAGE were alcoholics
- 93% of people who scored less than 2 were not alcoholics

## Related pages

- Alcoholism
Badajoz

**Badajoz** () is the capital of the Badajoz Province in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. The population in 2011 was 151,565.

A major Napoleonic siege was fought here between Britain and France

## Town twinning

- Elvas, Portugal
- Santarém, Portugal
- Nazaré, Portugal
- Blumenau, Brazil
- Granada, Nicaragua

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Badajoz
- **settlement type**: City
- **translit lang1 type**: Spanish
- **translit lang1 info**: Badajoz
- **image skyline**: Collage de Badajoz.jpg
- **image caption**: Top:_Placa Alta_ (Alta Square), Second left:_Ayuntaniento de Badajoz_ (Badajoz City Council), Second right:_Porta de Palmas_, Third left:_Alcazaba de Badajoz_, Third right:_Torre de Espantaperros_ (Espantaperros Tower), Bottom:A twilight view of Guadiane River and Badajoz Real Bridge
- **imagesize**: 266px
- **image flag**: Flag of Badajoz.svg
- **image shield**: Provincia de Badajoz - Escudo.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Spain
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Spain
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous Community
- **subdivision name1**: Extremadura
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Badajoz (province), Badajoz
- **subdivision type3**: Comarca
- **subdivision name3**: Tierra de Badajoz
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 875
- **founder**: Ibn Marwan
- **leader party**: People's Party (Spain), PP
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Francisco Javier Fragoso
- **area total km2**: 1470
- **elevation footnotes**:  (Sea level#AMSL, AMSL)
- **elevation m**: 185
- **population total**: 152270
- **population as of**: 2012
- **population rank**: 302
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: CEST (GMT +2)
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 70862
- **area code**: +34 (Spain) + 924 (Badajoz)
Essaouira

**Essaouira** (), formerly known as **Mogador**, is a city in western Morocco on the Atlantic Ocean.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Essaouira
- **other name**: Sidi Megdoul
- **settlement type**: City and Wilaya
- **image skyline**: Ramparts_of_Essaouira.JPG
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **shield size**: 57px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Morocco, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Marrakesh-Safi
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Morocco, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Asma Chaâbi
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2004
- **population total**: 70,000
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **timezone**: Western European Time, WET
- **utc offset**: +0
- **timezone dst**: Western European Summer Time, WEST
- **utc offset dst**: +1
Alcohol tolerance

**Alcohol tolerance** is a special case of drug tolerance: with certain substances, such as alcohol, the body gets used to them. People consume substances such as alcohol, because these substances have certain effects. As the body gets used to the substance, the quantity needed to get the desired effect wil increase.

## Alcohol-related disorders

With certain drugs, the same is true for stopping: directly stopping the drug is dangerous, because of withdrawal symptoms. So the amount of the drug taken has to be reduced in steps, before stopping altogether. There are drugs that can make stopping easier, because they reduce the severity of the withdrawal symptoms.

Consuming alcohol can have significant effects on the body, impacting metabolism, cell function, and various physiological processes. It's important to distinguish between the short-term effects of alcohol (such as intoxication) and the long-term effects associated with harmful use or dependence. Alcohol consumption can also significantly impact brain function, leading to a range of clinical consequences on both neuropsychiatric and behavioral levels, including memory impairment, blackouts, seizures, and others.
Sonny James

**James Hugh Loden** (May 1, 1929February 22, 2016), known professionally as **Sonny James**, was an American country music singer and songwriter. He was best known for his 1957 hit, "Young Love".

James had 72 country and pop charted releases from 1953 to 1983, including an unprecedented five-year streak of 16 straight Billboard #1 singles among his 26 #1 hits. Twenty-one of his albums reached the country top ten from 1964 to 1976. In May 2007 Sonny, accompanied by his Southern Gentlemen, walked the red carpet and were inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame.

James died on February 22, 2016 in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 86.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sonny James
- **image**: Sonny James.png
- **caption**: James in 1967
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: James Hugh Loden
- **alias**: Sonny James
The Southern Gentleman
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **origin**: Hackleburg, Alabama, United States, U.S.
- **instrument**: singing, Vocals, guitar
- **genre**: Country music, pop music
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 1953–1983
- **label**: Capitol Records, Capitol, Columbia Records, Columbia, Dot Records, Dot, RCA Records, RCA, Monument Records, Monument, Dimension, Curb Records, Curb
Cyclone Winston

**Severe Tropical Cyclone Winston** was a tropical cyclone in February 2016. It was the first recorded Category 5 storm to hit Fiji. It was also one of the strongest tropical cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere. Before the storm got to Fiji, many shelters were opened. A curfew was called across the country on 20 February.

The cyclone struck Fiji as a Category 5 tropical cyclone. Winston caused a lot of damage in the islands. It killed twenty-eight people.

In advance of the storm's arrival in Fiji, numerous shelters were opened, and a nationwide curfew was instituted during the evening of 20 February. Striking Fiji at Category 5 intensity on 20 February, Winston inflicted extensive damage on many islands and killed 44 people. Communications were temporarily lost with at least six islands, with some remaining isolated more than two days after the storm's passage. A total of 40,000 homes were damaged or destroyed and approximately 350,000 people—roughly 40 percent of Fiji's population—were significantly impacted by the storm. Total damage from Winston amounted to FJ$2.98 billion (US$1.4 billion). The nation's government declared a state of emergency on 20 February, which remained in place for 60 days. Immediately following the cyclone, the governments of Australia and New Zealand provided logistical support and relief packages. In the following weeks, a coalition of international support, including intergovernmental agencies, brought tens of millions of dollars in aid and hundreds of tons of supplies to residents in Fiji.
María Luisa Alcalá

**María Luisa Alcalá** (March 26, 1943 – February 21, 2016), also known as **Ma. Luisa Alcalá**, was a Mexican actress. She was known for her roles as Socorrito in _Esmeralda_, Filomena in _La usurpadora_ and Malicha in _El Chavo del Ocho_. Alcalá was born in Mexico City.

Alcalá died in her sleep at her home in Mexico City from a heart attack on February 21, 2016. She was aged 72.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: María Luisa Alcalá
- **image**: Maria Luisa Alcalá.jpg
- **caption**: Alcalá in October 2012
- **birthname**: María Luisa Alcalá
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1969–2016
Hans Reffert

**Hans Reffert** (19 July 1946 – 21 February 2016) was a German musician and composer. He was best known for his work with Guru Guru, Reffert was involved with a number of ensembles, including Flute & Voice, Zauberfinger, Sanfte Liebe and Schrammel & Slide.

Reffert studied guitar with Sigi Schwab and flute and composition in Mannheim. He also created commissioned works for the National Theatre Mannheim and other theaters, as well as for cinema and television productions.

Reffert died in Mannheim on 21 February 2016. He was aged 69.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Hans Reffert
- **image**: 061118-Guru-Guru-10.jpg
- **caption**: Hans Reffert in 2007
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
- **birth date**: 19 July 1946
- **death date**: 21 February 2016 (aged 69)
- **death place**: Mannheim, Germany
- **origin**: Germany
- **instrument**: Guitar
- **genre**: Krautrock
- **occupation**: Musician, guitarist
- **years active**: 1960–2016
- **associated acts**: Guru Guru
Flute & Voice
Sanfte Liebe
Zauberfinger
Schrammel & Slide
Chromatic Babylon
- **website**: [http://www.hansreffert.de/]
Yochanan Sofer

**Yochanan Sofer** (1923 – February 22, 2016) was a Hungarian-born Israeli religious official and activist. He was the Rebbe of the Erlau dynasty. He was born in Eger, Hungary. After surviving the Holocaust, he continued their legacy by founding a yeshiva and a movement in their name, first in Hungary and then a few years later in Jerusalem.

Sofer died in Jerusalem on February 22, 2016 from pneumonia. He was aged 93.
Gil Hill

**Gilbert R.** "**Gil**" **Hill** (November 5, 1931 – February 29, 2016) was an American civil servant and movie actor. He was the President of the Detroit City Council. He was also a corrupt police officer in Detroit and part-time actor. He acted in the _Beverly Hills Cop_ movies.

Hill died on February 29, 2016 at DMC Sinai-Grace Hospital in Detroit of pneumonia. He was 84 years old.

## Other websites

- Metro Times overview of Hill's 2001 election campaign

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gil Hill
- **birth name**: Gilbert R. Hill
- **birth place**: Birmingham, Alabama. U.S.
- **death place**: Detroit, Michigan, US
- **death cause**: Pneumonia
- **occupation**: Corrupt Police officer, part-time actor
- **years active**: 1984–1994
Cara McCollum

**Cara McCollum** (February 6, 1992 – February 22, 2016) was an American journalist. She was a news presenter for _SNJ Today_, which she joined in July 2015. She was Miss New Jersey 2013 and competed for the Miss America 2014 title in September 2013. She was born in Forrest City, Arkansas.

McCollum died at the age of 24 on February 22, 2016, in Camden, New Jersey. She died because of injuries she got a week earlier from a car accident.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Cara McCollum
- **image size**: 250px
- **birth place**: Forrest City, Arkansas, U.S.
- **death place**: Camden, New Jersey, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **education**: Princeton University,
(B.A. English, 2015)
 Forrest City High School
- **occupation**: Journalist
- **title**: Miss New Jersey 2013
Miss Island Resort 2013
- **predecessor**: Lindsey Petrosh
- **successor**: Cierra Kaler-Jones
Toyota Avalon

The **Toyota Avalon** is a car made by Toyota. It is a full-size car with four doors. The car was first introduced as a 1995 model. It has sold over 1 million copies since it was introduced.As of 2013, the Toyota Avalon is available in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, Russia, South Korea, and the Middle East. The car is named after Avalon, a legendary island from Celtic legends.

In 2022, the car stopped being sold in the United States.