juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Federico Páez

**Federico Páez Chiriboga** (4 June 1877 – 9 February 1974) was President of Ecuador from September 26, 1935 through October 23, 1937.

He died on 9 February 1974 in Quito, Ecuador from natural causes. He was 96 years old.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Federico Páez
- **image**: Federico Páez.png
- **order**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 26, 1935
- **term end**: October 23, 1937
- **predecessor**: Antonio Pons
- **successor**: Alberto Enríquez Gallo
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
Antonio Pons

**Antonio Pons Campuzano** (November 10, 1897 – January 1980) was acting President of Ecuador from August to September 1935.

Pons died in January 1980 from pneumonia, aged 82.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Antonio Pons
- **image**: File:Antonio_Pons.png
- **order**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: August 21, 1935
- **term end**: September 25, 1935
- **predecessor**: José María Velasco Ibarra
- **successor**: Federico Páez
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death date**: January 1980
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
Abelardo Montalvo

**Abelardo Montalvo** (1876 – 1950) was the acting President of Ecuador from October 1933 to August 1934.

Montalvo received a Juris Doctor from the University of Quito. Montalvo was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party for which he became a deputy and later senator for Pichincha Province.

Montalvo became president when his predecessor Juan de Dios Martínez Mera was elected president but faced a congress not willing to deal with him. The congress asked Martínez Mera twice to resign, but he refused. The congress then censored the ministers chosen by Martínez Mera, one of which was Abelardo Montalvo. Martínez proceeded to select some new ministers to outmaneuver the congress.

The Chamber of Deputies then accused Martínez Mera of attempting to overthrow the government and institute a dictatorship. The Senate subsequently impeached Martínez and named his Minister of Interior, Abelardo Montalvo, acting president. Montalvo stayed on as acting president until José María Velasco Ibarra was elected.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Abelardo Montalvo
- **birth name**: Abelardo Montalvo
- **image**: Abelardo Montalvo.png
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: 17 October 1933
- **term end**: 31 Augusts 1934
- **predecessor**: Juan de Dios Martínez
- **successor**: José María Velasco Ibarra
- **birth date**: 1876
- **death date**: 1950
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **party**: Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party
Juan de Dios Martínez

**Juan de Dios Martínez Mera** (9 March 1875 – 27 October 1955) was President of Ecuador from 1932 to 1933.

In Quito, a main avenue is named after him.

## Other websites

- Biography of President Juan de Dios Martínez Mera
- Enciclopedia del Ecuador por Efrén Avilés Pino

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Juan de Dios Martínez
- **birth name**: Juan de Dios Martínez
- **image**: File:Juan_de_Dios_Martínez_Mera_(1933).jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: December 5, 1932
- **term end**: October 19, 1933
- **predecessor**: Alberto Guerrero Martínez
- **successor**: Abelardo Montalvo
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Alberto Guerrero Martínez

**Alberto Guerrero Martínez** (28 June 1884 – 21 May 1941) was acting President of Ecuador in 1932.

## Other websites

- Encyclopedia of Ecuador

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alberto Guerrero Martínez
- **birth name**: Alberto Guerrero Martínez
- **image**: Alberto Guerrero Martínez.png
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 2, 1932
- **term end**: December 4, 1932
- **predecessor**: Carlos Freile Larrea
- **successor**: Juan de Dios Martínez
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Carlos Freile Larrea

**Carlos Freile Larrea** (1876 – 23 April 1942) was acting President of Ecuador from 27 August 1932 to 2 September 1932.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Carlos Freile Larrea
- **birth name**: Carlos Freile Larrea
- **image**: File:Carlos_Freile_Larrea.png
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: August 28, 1932
- **term end**: September 1, 1932
- **predecessor**: Alfredo Baquerizo
- **successor**: Alberto Guerrero Martínez
- **birth date**: 1876
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death date**: 23 April 1942
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Alfredo Baquerizo

**Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno** (28 September 1859, in Guayaquil – 20 March 1951) was an Ecuadorian politician. He served as Vice President of Ecuador of Leónidas Plaza and Lizardo García from 1903 to 1906 and as President of Ecuador three times in August - September 1912, September 1916 – August 1920 and October 1931 - August 1932. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alfredo Baquerizo
- **birth name**: Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno
- **image**: Rsz df090150492014001105-sd-.jpg
- **office1**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start1**: September 1, 1916
- **term end1**: August 31, 1920
- **predecessor1**: Leónidas Plaza
- **successor1**: José Luis Tamayo
- **office2**: President of Ecuador
- **term start2**: October 15, 1931
- **term end2**: August 28, 1932
- **predecessor2**: Luis Larrea Alba
- **successor2**: Carlos Freile Larrea
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Luis Larrea Alba

**Luis Alberto Larrea Alba** (25 October 1894 – 17 April 1979) was a military officer and acting President of Ecuador in from 24 August to 15 October 1931.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Luis Larrea Alba
- **birth name**: Luis Alberto Larrea Alba
- **image**: File:Luis_Larrea_Alba.png
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: August 24, 1931
- **term end**: October 15, 1931
- **predecessor**: Isidro Ayora
- **successor**: Alfredo Baquerizo
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Isidro Ayora

**Isidro Ayora Cueva** (August 31, 1879 – March 22, 1978) was an Ecuadorian political figure. He was the President of Ecuador from 1926 to 1931. Isidro Ayora, a town in Guayas, and Puerto Ayora, are named after him. Some people name coins _ayora_ because this were introduced by him.

## Other websites

- Ecuador online - Dr. Isidro Ayora Cueva
- Pérez Pimentel, Rodolfo – Diccionario Enciclopédico de Ecuador - Isidro Ayora Cueva
- Biografías y vidas - Isidro Ayora

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Isidro Ayora
- **birth name**: Isidro Ayora Cueva
- **image**: File:Isidro_ayora_cueva.png
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: April 3, 1926
- **term end**: August 24, 1931
- **predecessor**: Gonzalo Córdova
- **successor**: Luis Larrea Alba
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Gonzalo Córdova

**Gonzalo Segundo Córdova y Rivera** (July 15, 1863 – April 13, 1928) was President of Ecuador from 1924-1925. Like his immediate predecessors in the Liberal Party, he was considered to be a pawn of "La Argolla"  ring"), a plutocracy of coastal agricultural and banking interests whose linchpin was the Commercial and Agricultural Bank of Guayaquil led by Francisco Urbina Jado.

## Other websites

- Library of Congress country studies, Ecuador)
- List of leaders of Ecuador at worldstatesmen.org

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gonzalo Córdova
- **birth name**: Gonzalo Segundo Córdova y Rivera
- **image**: Gonzalo S. Córdova (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Gonzalo Córdova in 1925
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 1, 1924
- **term end**: July 9, 1925
- **predecessor**: José Luis Tamayo
- **successor**: Isidro Ayora
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
José Luis Tamayo

**José Luis Tamayo Terán** (29 July 1858 – 7 July 1947) was President of Ecuador from 1 September 1920 to 31 August 1924. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party.

## Other websites

- Presidentes del Ecuador
- Diccionario biográfico de Ecuador
- Biografías y Vidas

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: José Luis Tamayo
- **birth name**: José Luis Tamayo Terán
- **image**: Dr Jose Luis Tamayoc Foto Oficial.jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 1, 1920
- **term end**: August 31, 1924
- **predecessor**: Alfredo Baquerizo
- **successor**: Gonzalo Córdova
- **birth place**: Santa Elena Province, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Fulk IV, Count of Anjou

**Fulk IV** (1043–1109), called ***le Réchin***, was a French nobleman who was the Count of Anjou from 1068 until he was deposed in 1096. He rebelled against his older brother Geoffrey III and took the countship of Anjou by force.

## Early career

Fulk, born 1043, was the younger son of Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais and Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou. Ermengarde-Blanche was a daughter of Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou, When Geoffrey Martel died without direct heirs he left Anjou to his nephew Geoffrey III, Fulk le Réchin's older brother. Geoffrey III was not an effective count. In 1062 Geoffrey failed to defend Saintonge and it was lost. In 1063 the county of Maine was lost to Anjou.  In 1065 Geoffrey angered Archbishop Barthelemy of Tours and was excommunicated.

## Count of Anjou

Fulk had enough and took the countship of Anjou by force. He fought with his brother and captured him in 1067. Under pressure from the Church he released Geoffrey. The two brothers started fighting again. This time Geoffrey was imprisoned for the rest of his life. Substantial territory was lost to Angevin control because of Geoffrey's poor rule and the civil war that followed. Fulk was forced to give the Gâtinais to Philip I of France the king. Fulk spent the rest of his reign as count trying to regain control of his barons and all the lost lands. He also struggled with Normandy trying to regain control in Maine and Brittany.

## Author of the _History of Anjou_

In 1096 Fulk wrote a history of Anjou and its rulers titled _Fragmentum historiae Andegavensis_ or "History of Anjou."  Only the first part of the history still exists. It describes Fulk's ancestry. The second part was thought to cover Fulk's own rule. This part has not been found. If he did write it, it is one of the first medieval works of history written by a layman.

## Family

- Fulk appears to have been married as many as five times.

His first wife was Hildegarde of Beaugency. Together they had a daughter:

- Ermengarde, who married firstly William IX, count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine. She married secondly Alan IV, Duke of Brittany.

Fulk then married Ermengarde of Bourbon in 1070. Together they had a son:

- Geoffrey IV "Martel", Count of Anjou. He ruled jointly with his father for some time, but died in 1106.

he married Orengarde de Châtellailon.

He next married an unnamed daughter of Walter I of Brienne. This marriage also ended in divorce, in 1087. they had no children.

In 1089 he married Bertrade de Montfort. They had a son:

- Fulk V "le June", Count of Anjou and King of Jerusalem.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Fulk IV
- **image**: Fulk4.jpg
- **succession**: Count of Anjou
- **reign**: 1068–1109
- **predecessor**: Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou, Geoffrey III
- **successor**: Fulk, King of Jerusalem, Fulk the Younger
- **regent**: Geoffrey IV, Count of Anjou, Geoffrey IV (until 1106)
- **reg-type**: Joint rule
- **birth date**: 1043
 Chateau-Landon, France
- **death date**: 14 April 1109 (aged 65-66)
- **father**: Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais
- **mother**: Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou
Leónidas Plaza

**Leónidas Plaza Gutiérrez** (April 19, 1865 – November 17, 1932) was president of Ecuador for two separate occasions: From September 1, 1901 to August 31, 1905 and from September 1, 1912 to August 31, 1916.

He was the son of José Buenaventura Plaza, a school teacher and, Alegría Gutiérrez de Caviedes Sevillano,  an attractive tall woman with arostocratic features and exquisite social manners of Colombian descent. He married María Avelina Lasso Ascázubi, with whom he had eight children. One of them, Galo Plaza, was also president of Ecuador.

## Other websites

- Rodolfo Pérez Pimentel, _Diccionario biográfico del Ecuador_, Guayaquil, 1987. Sin ISBN.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Leónidas Plaza Gutiérrez
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **image**: Leonidas Plaza Gutiérrez (15 de julio 1905).jpg
- **birth place**: Charapotó, Manabí, Ecuador, Manabí, Ecuador
- **death place**: Huigra, Guayas Province, Guayas, Ecuador
- **spouse**: Avelina Lasso Ascázubi
- **party**: Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 1, 1901
- **term end**: August 31, 1905
- **vicepresident**: Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno
- **predecessor**: Eloy Alfaro
- **successor**: Lizardo García
- **office2**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start2**: September 1, 1912
- **term end2**: August 31, 1916
- **predecessor2**: Francisco Andrade Marín
- **successor2**: Alfredo Baquerizo
Francisco Andrade Marín

**Francisco Higinio Andrade Marín y Rivadeneira** (November 15, 1841 – September 6, 1935 ) was acting President of Ecuador from March 6 to August 10, 1912.

## Other websites

- List of presidents of Ecuador, worldstatesmen.org
- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Francisco Andrade Marín
- **birth name**: Francisco Higinio Andrade Marín y Rivadeneira
- **image**: Francisco Andrade Marin.jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: March 6, 1912
- **term end**: August 1, 1912
- **predecessor**: Carlos Freile Zaldumbide
- **successor**: Leónidas Plaza
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Carlos Freile Zaldumbide

**Carlos Freile Zaldumbide** (May 18, 1851 – August 28, 1928) was an Ecuadorian politician, who served twice as acting President of Ecuador and one term as Vice President of Ecuador.

A wealthy landowner that pioneered Holstein livestock raising in Ecuador.

He was the acting President from 12 August 1911 to 1 September 1911 (a reign lasting just 21 days).  He took the role on a temporary basis when Eloy Alfaro, who had been President for over 4 years, was overthrown and went to exile. Freile was replaced by the already elected President Emilio Estrada, whose mandate lasted just three months before his death on 21 December 1911.

Carlos Freile then served once again as acting president, this time from 22 December 1911 to 6 March 1912.  He was again acting president during a crisis and was succeeded by Francisco Andrade Marín.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Carlos Freile Zaldumbide
- **predecessor**: Emilio Estrada
- **predecessor3**: Manuel Benigno Cueva
- **term end3**: 1903
- **term start3**: 1899
- **office3**: Vice President of Ecuador
- **successor2**: Emilio Estrada
- **predecessor2**: Eloy Alfaro
- **term end2**: 31 August 1911
- **term start2**: 11 August 1911
- **successor**: Francisco Andrade Marín
- **term end**: 5 March 1912
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **term start**: 22 December 1911
- **office**: President of Ecuador, Acting President of Ecuador
- **children**: Carlos Freile Larrea
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **image**: Carlos Freile Zaldumbide.jpg
- **successor3**: Alfredo Baquerizo
Emilio Estrada

**Emilio Estrada Carmona** (May 28, 1855 – December 21, 1911) was President of Ecuador September 1 through December 21, 1911.

He died in office from complications of heart failure on December 21, 1911 in Quito, Ecuador, aged 56.

## Other websites

- Emilio Estrada C.  at estrada.bz
- Enciclopedia del Ecuador por Efrén Avilés Pino

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Emilio Estrada
- **birth name**: Emilio Estrada Carmona
- **image**: Emilio Estrada Carmona.jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 1, 1911
- **term end**: December 21, 1911
- **predecessor**: Carlos Freile Zaldumbide
- **successor**: Carlos Freile Zaldumbide
- **birth place**: Cuenca, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Lizardo García

**Lizardo García Sorroza** (26 April 1844 – 29 May 1927) was President of Ecuador from 1 September 1905 to 15 January 1906.

## Early life

García was born in Guayaquil. He founded the chamber of commerce of Guayaquil and was a member of the firefighters of his natal city.

## Political career

- 1895 Minister for Economic Affairs
- Senator for the province Guayas
- Vicepresident of the Senate
- Councilman of Guayaquil

## Presidency

Garcia was president only for a few months. He was overthrown by the revolution led by Eloy Alfaro and was forced to leave the office.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
- Cámara de Comercio Guayaquil

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lizardo García
- **birth name**: Lizardo García Sorroza
- **image**: Lizardo Garcia Sorroza.jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 1, 1905
- **term end**: January 15, 1906
- **predecessor**: Leónidas Plaza
- **successor**: Eloy Alfaro
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Vicente Lucio Salazar

**Vicente Lucio Salazar** (20 December 1832 – 14 February 1896) was President of Ecuador between 16 April 1895 and 1 September 1895.

He became Vice President in 1894, and became President when Luis Cordero left office.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Vicente Lucio Salazar
- **image**: Vicente Lucio Salazar.jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: April 16, 1895
- **term end**: June 5, 1895
- **predecessor**: Luis Cordero Crespo
- **successor**: Eloy Alfaro
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Luis Cordero Crespo

**Luis Benjamín Cordero y Crespo** (6 April 1833 – 30 January 1912) was President of Ecuador 1 July 1892 to 16 April 1895. His parents were Gregorio Cordero and Josefa Crespo.
He was a member of the Progresistas, a liberal Catholic political party, and was a member of the provisional governing junta which led the Progresistas to power in 1883.

Luis Cordero wrote poems in Spanish and Kichwa and published the first Kichwa-Spanish-Kichwa dictionary in Ecuador.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
- ¡Rinimi, Llacta! - Poems of Luis Cordero Crespo in Quichua, with Spanish translation

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Luis Cordero Crespo
- **birth name**: Luis Benjamín Cordero y Crespo
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: July 1, 1892
- **term end**: April 16, 1895
- **predecessor**: Antonio Flores Jijón
- **successor**: Vicente Lucio Salazar
- **birth place**: Déleg, Cañar, Ecuador
- **death place**: Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Antonio Flores Jijón

**Juan Antonio María Flores y Jijón de Vivanco** (23 October 1833 – 30 August 1915) was President of Ecuador from 17 August 1888 to 30 June 1892. He was a member of the Progressive Party, a Liberal Catholic party.

Antonio Flores was born in Quito at Carondelet Palace (the presidential residence) while his father, General Juan José Flores was President of Ecuador. During the first presidency of Gabriel García Moreno, Flores was an ambassador in Paris, London, and Washington, D.C..

He died in Geneva, Switzerland from complications of pneumonia. He was married to Leonor Ruiz de Apodaca y García-Tienza, a native of Cuba. His vice-president and predecessor was Pedro José Cevallos.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Antonio Flores Jijón
- **birth name**: Juan Antonio María Flores y Jijón de Vivanco
- **image**: Antonio Flores Jijón.jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: August 17, 1888
- **term end**: June 10, 1892
- **predecessor**: Pedro José Cevallos
- **successor**: Luis Cordero Crespo
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death place**: Geneva, Switzerland
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Pedro José Cevallos

**Pedro José Cevallos Salvador** (1830–1892) was President of Ecuador from 1 July 1888 to 17 August 1888 and Vice President from 1886 to 1890. From April to August 1891 the presidency of Antonio Flores Jijón he was minister of Public Instruction, Interior Affairs and Foreign Affairs. Shortly before his death he became a member of the Ecuadoran Academy of Literature.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Pedro José Cevallos
- **birth name**: Pedro José Cevallos Salvador
- **image**: Cevallos,-Pedro-Jose.jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: July 1, 1888
- **term end**: August 17, 1888
- **predecessor**: José Plácido Caamaño
- **successor**: Antonio Flores Jijón
- **birth date**: 1830
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death date**: 1892
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
José Plácido Caamaño

**José María Plácido Caamaño y Gómez-Cornejo** (5 October 1837 – December 31, 1901) was President of Ecuador from 23 November 1883 to 1 July 1888.

Caamaño was born in Guayaquil. He studied law and theology in the seminary of his native city, and was educated in Quito. Subsequently he was mayor of Guayaquil, and chief of the custom-house service. He was a member of the Progresistas, a liberal Catholic party.

An attempt was made to assassinate him in 1886, and he narrowly escaped death by throwing himself into a river. Under his administration telegraphs, railways, an institute of sciences, several Colleges, and many new schools were added to the resources of Ecuador.

After his term ended, he served as ambassador to US from 1889 to 1890.

Caamaño died on December 31, 1901 from complications of a heart attack in Seville, Spain, aged 63.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: José Plácido Caamaño
- **birth name**: José María Plácido Caamaño y Gómez-Cornejo
- **office**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: October 15, 1883
- **term end**: June 30, 1888
- **predecessor**: Ignacio de Veintemilla
- **successor**: Pedro José Cevallos
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Seville, Spain
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
The Angel's Command

***The Angel's Command*** is a book written by Brian Jacques (writer of the popular children's series _Redwall_), and the sequel to _Castaways of the Flying Dutchman_. It follows the adventures of an immortal boy and his dog as they face pirates and other dangers from the high seas to the mountains.

The _Castaways of the Flying Dutchman_ trilogy is based on the legend of the _Flying Dutchman_. It tells of how a young boy and his dog managed to escape what happened to the _Flying Dutchman_. They were given the ability to live forever, speak in any language, and talk to each other with their thoughts. Ben, the boy, and Ned, the dog, are sent to help those in need.

In _The Angel's Command_, they have a lot of adventures, including meeting a French buccaneer and a girl named Karay who's a thief. _The Angel's Command_ was followed by a sequel in 2006 called _Voyage of Slaves_.

## Translations

- _Les Naufragés du _Hollandais Volant_, tome 2 : Le Pirate et la sorcière_ (French)

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Angel's Command
- **author**: Brian Jacques
- **illustrator**: David Elliot (illustrator), David Elliot
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **series**: Brian Jacques#Castaways of the Flying Dutchman series, Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
- **genre**: Fantasy literature, Fantasy novel
- **publisher**: Puffin Books
- **release date**: 2003
- **media type**: Print (Paperback)
- **pages**: 340
- **isbn**: 1399269690
- **preceded by**: Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
- **followed by**: Voyage of Slaves
Roots (TV miniseries)

***Roots*** is an American television miniseries based on Alex Haley's 1976 book _Roots: The Saga of an American Family_. It was first shown on ABC in 1977. It was shown over eight nights, from January 23 to January 30, 1977. It was followed by two sequels: _Roots: The Next Generations_, which was shown on ABC in 1979, and _Roots: The Gift_, a Christmas television movie which was shown on ABC in 1988. It got 37 Emmy Award nominations and won nine. It also won a Golden Globe and a Peabody Award.

The miniseries is about several generations of an African-American slave family. It shows their daily lives, where they are forced into labor, rape, and the sale and separation of their own family.

## Infobox (television film)

- **name**: Roots
- **format**: Historical novel-based
Drama
- **runtime**: 570 minutes
- **writer**: Alex Haley
- **screenplay**: Alex Haley
James Lee
- **director**: Marvin J. Chomsky
John Erman
David Green
Gilbert Moses
- **producer**: Stan Margulies
- **executive producer**: David L. Wolper
- **starring**: John Amos
Ben Vereen
LeVar Burton
Louis Gossett, Jr.
Leslie Uggams
Vic Morrow
Ralph Waite
Olivia Cole
- **narrated**: Alex Haley
- **music**: Gerald Fried
Quincy Jones (episode 1)
- **country**: United States
- **budget**: US $6.6 million
- **language**: English
- **network**: American Broadcasting Company, ABC
- **first aired**: January 23, 1977
- **last aired**: January 30, 1977
- **num episodes**: 8 (re-edited to 6 for video)
- **followed by**: _Roots: The Next Generations_
Standing ovation

A **standing ovation** is a form of applause where members of a seated audience stand up while applauding after great performance. A standing ovation can also be done to remember someone who died or when someone did a good deed.

Standing ovations are also often given in a sporting game to reflect an outstanding individual performance.
Allendale, New Jersey

**Allendale** is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the borough's population was 6,848, an increase of 343 (+5.3%) from the 6,505 counted at the 2010 Census.

Allendale was formed on November 8, 1894 from portions of Franklin Township, Hohokus Township and Orvil Township at the height of the _Boroughitis_ phenomenon then sweeping through Bergen County.

Late science-fiction author Richard Matheson was born here on February 20, 1926.
Division of Chifley

The **Division of Chifley** is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was created in 1969 and is named for Ben Chifley, who was Prime Minister of Australia 1945–49. It covers some of the outer western suburbs of Sydney including Arndell Park, Bidwill, Blackett, Colebee, Dean Park, Dharruk, Doonside, Emerton, Glendenning, Hassall Grove, Hebersham, Huntingwood, Lethbridge Park, Marayong, Minchinbury, Mount Druitt, Oakhurst, Plumpton, Rooty Hill, Ropes Crossing, Shalvey, Shanes Park, Tregear, Whalan, Willmot, Woodcroft and parts of Eastern Creek, Blacktown, Quakers Hill, Schofields and Riverstone.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||John Armitage|Labor|1969–1983|
|||Russ Gorman|Labor|1983–1984|
|||Roger Price|Labor|1984–2010|
|||Ed Husic|Labor|2010–present|

Ed Husic was the first Muslim elected to the Australian Parliament.

## Other websites

- Division of Chifley – Australian Electoral Commission
- Ed Husic's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Chifley
- **image**: Division of Chifley 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Chifley (green) in New South Wales
- **created**: 1969
- **mp**: Ed Husic
- **mp-party**: Australian Labor Party, Labor
- **namesake**: Ben Chifley
- **electors**: 97,605 (2010)
- **area**: 135
- **class**: Outer Metropolitan
Gaya College of Engineering

**Gaya College of Engineering** (**GCE**; ) is a college in the Indian state of Bihar. It was established in 2008. It was formerly named Magadh Engineering College when it was a private engineering institution. It is now a public institute. It is approved by AICTE. It was inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Bihar Mr. Nitish Kumar on 19 November 2008. It is government engineering college managed by the government of Bihar. It is under the administrative control of the Department of Science and Technology. It is affiliated with Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Patna. GCE offers undergraduate courses in four streams of engineering.
Echium vulcanorum

***Echium vulcanorum*** is a plant species that belongs to the Boraginaceae family, the borage family. It is found only in the Fogo island, Cape Verde.

It was discovered and named by the French botanist Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier. He found the plant with flowers on July 1934.

## Common names

It is locally known as _lingua de vaca_ ("tongue of cow") because their leaves are rough. The same name is used for the other species of _Echium_ that are found in Cape Verde: _Echium hypertropicum_ and _Echium stenosiphon_.

## Description

It is a shrub with many branches, up to 1.5–2 m tall. The stems are covered with many hairs. The leaves are lanceolates (pointed at both ends) up to 10 cm long and 1.5 wide.

The flowers are in dense inflorescences (groups of flowers), almost  conical, up to 18 cm long, with white flowers with blue stripes.

## Where it grows

_Echium vulcanorum_ is endemic of the Cape Verdean island of Fogo on the volcano _Pico do Fogo_. It occurs on volcanic soils of Fogo Island, mainly as two populations at Monte Losna/Pico Novo, where they can be found at about 1700 m, and in the border of the crater of the _Pico do Fogo_ (the _Bordeira_ region ) at altitudes between 2200 and 2400 m. A small population was also reported in _Chã das Caldeiras_ (±1600 m). These populations exist generally in places facing to the southwest or the southeast. It prefers soils with a recent volcanic origin.

## Conservation

_Echium vulcanorum_ is used for the production of firewood (dry wood that will be burned) and destroyed by goats, so this species, as well as the other two _Echium_ species of Cape Verde, is seriously threatened, so that measures for its protection should be taken with urgency.

Some conservation actions have been done at the _Bordeira region_ (in the Natural Park of Fogo Island) and now there is a population with a relatively high number of individuals.

## Other websites

- _Echium vulcanorum_ at NCBI, retrieved on 19 August 2013
- _Echium vulcanorum_ at uBio, retrieved on 19 August 2013
Rafael Carvajal

**Rafael Carvajal Guzmán** (1818–1881) was an Ecuadorian politician.

He served as Vice President of Ecuador from 1864 to 1865 and acting President from 31 August 1865 to 7 September 1865. He was the Vice President of Gabriel García Moreno. He succeed him after he was assassinated.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
Adventures of Captain Marvel

***Adventures of Captain Marvel*** is a 12-chapter movie serial released in 1941 by RKO Radio Pictures. It was produced by Republic Studios. It stars Tom Tyler as Captain Marvel and Frank Coughlan, Jr. as Billy Batson. It was directed by William Witney and John English.

## References

- Weiss, Ken and Ed Goodgold. 1972. _To Be Continued..._ New York: Crown Publishers, Inc. pp. 180–182.
Elmore Leonard

**Elmore John Leonard, Jr.** (October 11, 1925 – August 20, 2013)  was an American novelist and screenwriter.

His best-known works are _Get Shorty_, _Out of Sight_, _Hombre_, _Mr. Majestyk_, and _Rum Punch_. He was also writing for the TV series _Justified_.

Leonard was born on October 11, 1925 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was raised in Detroit, Michigan. Leonard studied at the University of Detroit.

Leonard was married to Beverly Cline from 1949 until they divorced in 1977.  Then he was married to Joan Shepard from 1979 until her death in 1993.  Then he was married to Christine Kent from 1993 until his death in 2013. He had five children with Cline.

Leonard spent the last years of his life with his family in Oakland County, Michigan. He suffered a stroke on July 29, 2013. Reports stated that Leonard was recovering from the stroke.

On August 20, 2013, Leonard died at his home in Bloomfield Hills (a Detroit suburb) of complications from the stroke. He was 87 years old.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Elmore Leonard memorial page
Ted Post

**Theodore "Ted" Post** (March 31, 1918 – August 20, 2013) was an American television and movie director. He was known for directed two Clint Eastwood movies _Hang 'Em High_ and _Magnum Force_.

Post was born on March 31, 1918 in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at High School of Performing Arts. Post was married to Thelma Post from 1941 until his death in 2013. They had two children. Post died on August 20, 2013 from natural causes in Santa Monica, California, aged 95.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ted Post
- **birth name**: Theodore Post
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Santa Monica, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Movie director
- **spouse**: (his death)
- **children**: 2
Pupusa

A **pupusa** is a thick griddle cake or flatbread from the cuisine of El Salvador is a traditional food made with corn flour, beans, cheese, chicharrón (pork), or any filling. People usually eat pupusas at breakfast and dinner. It is eaten with tomato sauce and curtido.

## History

Pupusas - also known as pupisio - were first created by the Pipil in El Salvador. Over time cooking material for their preparation have been found in Joya de Cerén, “El Salvador’s Pompeii”, place of a native small town that was buried by ashes from a volcano explosion, and where foodstuffs were preserved as they were being cooked almost two thousand years ago by the tribes. The articles for their preparation have also been found in other archaeological sites in El Salvador.

## Different types

Depending on what city people visit, they will find different types of Pupusas. If they go to the coast side, they will find Pupusas filled with shrimp and fish. Pupusas can also be filled with different types of flowers like “flor de Izote” (El Salvador national flower), lorocco, Cucurbita argyrosperma, cilantro, Chamaedorea tepejilote, chipilín, mora, chicken, and papelillo.

## Around the Americas

There are various types of Pupusas in El Salvador alone. From the way the dough is made to the preparation and even the fillings that are used, each place and pupuseria can have their own take on making a pupusa. On the other hand, El Salvador, a pupusa de arroz is also a popular variant. It is made from rice flour instead of cornmeal. Pupusas are not always going to taste the same, depending on what type of dough people make them with. Pupusas might taste a little different when using commercial corn or rice flour instead of masa harina (dried cornmeal flour) that Salvadorians use.
Kate Wilson Sheppard

**Katherine Wilson Sheppard** (10 March 1847, Liverpool, England – 13 July 1934, Christchurch, New Zealand) was a New Zealand activist for women's rights. She helped get women the right to vote in New Zealand. Kate Sheppard moved to Scotland when she was young. She was born with the name Catherine Wilson Malcolm. Her father died in 1862. She moved to New Zealand in 1869 and married at age 24. She had 2 husbands, one son, and one grandchild.

Sheppard is on the New Zealand ten dollar note.
Escape from Alcatraz (movie)

***Escape from Alcatraz*** is a 1979 American prison/thriller/action movie. It was directed by Don Siegel. It stars Clint Eastwood, Larry Hankin, Patrick McGoohan, Fred Ward, Roberts Blossom and Danny Glover. It was released by Paramount Pictures to positive reviews on June 22, 1979.
Bill Gold

**William "Bill" Gold** (January 3, 1921 – May 20, 2018) was an American graphic designer best known for thousands of movie poster designs.

His first movie poster was for _Yankee Doodle Dandy_ (1941), and his most recent and final work was for _J. Edgar_ (2011).

During his 70-year career he has worked with some of Hollywood's greatest filmmakers, including Laurence Olivier, Clint Eastwood, Alfred Hitchcock, Stanley Kubrick, Elia Kazan, François Truffaut, Ron Howard, Sidney Lumet, Ridley Scott, and Ray Harryhausen.

Among his most famous movie posters are those for _Casablanca_, _A Streetcar Named Desire_, _The Exorcist_, _A Clockwork Orange_, _Escape from Alcatraz_, and _Alien_.

Gold was born on January 3, 1921 in New York City, New York. He died at his home in Old Greenwich, Connecticut on May 20, 2018 of complications from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 97.

## Other websites

- 1994 Hollywood Reporter Lifetime Achievement Award video

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bill Gold
- **other names**: William Gold
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Old Greenwich, Connecticut, Old Greenwich, Connecticut, U.S.
- **occupation**: Graphic designer
- **years active**: 1941–2011
Whina Cooper

Dame **Whina Cooper** (9 December 1895, Te Karaka, Hokianga, New Zealand – 26 March 1994, Panguru, New Zealand) fought for Maori land. She was elected first president of the new Maori Women's Welfare League.

Cooper was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for the services to the Māori people in the 1953 Coronation Honours. In 1974, she was promoted to Commander. In 1981, she was promoted again to Dame Commander.
Ellen Albertini Dow

**Ellen Rose Albertini Dow** (November 16, 1913 – May 4, 2015) was an American character actress. She mainly played feisty old ladies and is perhaps best known as the rapping grandmother in 1998 movie _The Wedding Singer_. Other roles include the homophobic grandmother in _Wedding Crashers_, Disco Dottie in _54_, the recipient of Christopher Lloyd's slapstick in _Radioland Murders_, and a choir member in _Sister Act_.

Dow was born on November 16, 1913 in Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania. She studied at Cornell University. Dow was married to Eugene Dow from 1951 until his death in 2004. They had no children.

Dow died on May 4, 2015 at her Los Angeles, California home, at age 101.

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ellen Albertini Dow
- **birth name**: Ellen Albertini
- **birth place**: Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania, Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Cornell University
- **years active**: 1985–2015
- **occupation**: Actress
- **signature**: EllenADow.png
- **spouse**: (his death)
Coptic

**Coptic** can refer to:

- Copts, the Christian people of Egypt
- Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
- Coptic Catholic Church
- Coptic language
- Coptic alphabet
Luigi (disambiguation)

**Luigi** is an Italian given name. **Luigi** may also mean:

## People

- Luigi Apolloni, former Italian football player
- Luigi Boccherini, Italian cellist and composer
- Luigi Bruins, Dutch football player
- Luigi Cherubini, Italian composer
- Luigi De Agostini, former Italian football player
- Luigi Delneri, former Italian football player
- Luigi Di Biagio, former Italian football player
- Luigi Fabbri, Italian anarchist, writer, agitator, and propogandist
- Luigi Galvani, Italian physician
- Luigi Pirandello, Italian playwright, novelist, and short story writer
- Luigi Radice, former Italian football player
- Luigi Riva, former Italian football player
- Luigi Russolo, Italian painter and musician

## Other uses

- Luigi, a Nintendo video game character and the younger twin brother of Mario
- San Luigi dei Francesi, a French church in Rome
Westerly, Rhode Island

**Westerly** is a town in southwestern Rhode Island, near the state line of Connecticut. The town was established in 1669. In 2020, the population was 23,359 by the census.

Westerly might be named because of where it is in Rhode Island. But, the town may have also gotten the name _Westerly_ from the English village Westerleigh. During summer, Westerly becomes a tourist attraction.
Atari 7800

The **Atari 7800** is a home video game console made by Atari. It competed with other 8-bit video game consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System and the Sega Master System. It was released in 1984. It is the successor to the Atari 5200. It was a short-lived success.

The Atari 7800 is backwards compatible with Atari 2600 games, but not Atari 5200 games. The Atari 7800 is also compatible with Atari 2600 controllers, such as the Atari Paddle controller and the Atari Joystick controller.

## Infobox (cvg system)

- **title**: Atari 7800 System
- **image**: Atari-7800-Console-Set.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Atari, Inc., Atari Corporation
- **type**: Video game console
- **generation**: History of video game consoles (third generation), Third generation
- **release date**: (announcement)
 US  (original release)
US  (re-release)
EU
- **discontinued**: January 1, 1992
- **cpu**: Atari SALLY MOS Technology 6502, 6502 ("6502C") clocked at 1.19-1.79MHz,
- **memory**: 4KB RAM, 4KB BIOS Read-only memory, ROM, 48KB Cartridge ROM Space
- **display**: 160×240, 320×240 (160×288/320×288 if PAL), 25 on-screen colours out of possible 256
- **media**: ROM cartridge
- **units sold**: 3.77 million (North America)
- **compatibility**: Atari 2600
- **predecessor**: Atari 5200
- **successor**: Atari XEGS
- **price**: US$140
Division of La Trobe

The **Division of La Trobe** is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It covers the outer south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. At first it was closer to the city, but boundaries have since been changed. It originally included the suburbs of Croydon, Dandenong, Ferntree Gully and Ringwood. It now includes Boronia, Belgrave, Ferntree Gully, Berwick, Beaconsfield, Officer, Gembrook, Emerald and Cockatoo.

The Division was set up  in 1949, and named after Charles La Trobe, the first Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Richard Casey|Liberal|1949–1960|
|||John Jess|Liberal|1960–1972|
|||Tony Lamb|Labor|1972–1975|
|||Marshall Baillieu|Liberal|1975–1980|
|||Peter Milton|Labor|1980–1990|
|||Bob Charles|Liberal|1990–2004|
|||Jason Wood|Liberal|2004–2010|
|||Laura Smyth|Labor|2010–2013|
|||Jason Wood|Liberal|2013–present|
The first person to hold the seat was Richard Casey, Baron Casey, later the 16th Governor-General of Australia. He was later given a seat in the British House of Lords. The Division of Casey, which is next to La Trobe, is named after him. In 1961, the division was the subject of a book, _Parties and People: A Survey Based on the La Trobe Electorate_, by Creighton Burns.

## Other websites

- Division of La Trobe – Australian Electoral Commission
- Jason Wood's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: La Trobe
- **image**: Division of La Trobe 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of La Trobe (green) in Victoria (Australia), Victoria
- **created**: 1949
- **mp**: Jason Wood (politician), Jason Wood
- **mp-party**: Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal
- **namesake**: Charles La Trobe
- **electors**: 97,956 (2010)
- **area**: 558
- **class**: Outer Metropolitan
Saintonge

**Saintonge** () is a small region and historical province on the Atlantic coast of France. It is within the _département_ Charente-Maritime, west and south of Charente in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
Saintonge gets its name from the ancient Gallic tribe of the _Santones_ who lived in this area. The capital is the city of Saintes.

The Saintonge was the center of the French Huguenots. Today, the region is famous for its production of the grapes that are used to produce cognac and Pineau des Charentes. Corn and fruit are also produced here. Salt was produced here which was considered at the time the best in France.

It was the birthplace of the explorer Jean Allefonsce and Samuel de Champlain who founded Quebec.

Saintongeais is spoken in the former provinces of Saintonge, Aunis, and Angoumois
Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais

**Geoffrey II, de Château-Landon** (born  – died 1043–46) was a French nobleman and the Count of Gâtinais.

## Career

Geoffrey was the son of Geoffrey, Count of Gâtinais, and Beatrice of Macon. She was the daughter of Aubry II of Mâcon. He was born about the year 1000. The Gâtinais was a key district on the northeast border of Orléans and Château-Landon was the capitol.  he married Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou, daughter of Fulk III Nerra. Together they were the ancestors of the House of Plantagenet.
Geoffrey died about 1043–1046. After Geoffrey's death Ermengarde-Blanche married secondly Robert I, Duke of Burgundy.

## Family

Together, Geoffrey and Ermengarde had:

- Hildegarde de Château-Landon, she married  c.1060 Joscelin I, Lord of Courtenay.
- Geoffrey III of Anjou.
- Fulk IV, Count of Anjou
Populaire (movie)

***Populaire*** is a 2012 French-Belgian romantic comedy movie. It is set in France and New York City in the late 1950s. It was directed by Régis Roinsard. It was released in the United Kingdom on 31 May 2013.