juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
European Agreement on Au Pair Placement

The **European Agreement on Au Pair Placement** is an international agreement within the Council of Europe. It was originally signed in Strasbourg, France on 24 November 1969. It came into force on 30 May 1971. The agreement regulates au pair placements. It states that the person in placement shall neither be seen as a traditional employed domestic worker nor as a traditional student. The issue of signing up Sweden to the agreement has been discussed.

## List

||Country||Signed||Ratification||Treaty into force||Denunciation||Denunciation into force||Other||Source|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Belgium|24 November 1969|||||||||||||||
|Bulgaria|9 March 2002|||||||||||||||
|Denmark|29 April 1971|29 April 1971|30 May 1971|||||||||||||
|Finland|17 June 1997|||||||||||||||
|France|3 June 1970|5 February 1971|30 May 1971|||||||||||||
|Germany|2 October 1976 (as West Germany)|||||||||||||||
|Greece|22 August 1979|||||||||||||||
|Italy|24 November 1969|8 November 1973|9 December 1973|||||||||||||
|Luxembourg|12 December 1969|24 July 1990|25 August 1990|23 September 2002|24 March 2003|||||||||||
|Moldova|27 June 2001|||||||||||||||
|Norway|29 April 1971|29 April 1971|30 May 1971|||||||||||||
|Spain|24 January 1986|11 August 1988|12 September 1988|||||||||||||
|Switzerland|18 March 1970|||||||||||||||
Full-size vehicle

A **full-size car** is a marketing term used in North America for an automobile larger than a mid-size car. Traditional U.S. full-size passenger cars were designed to be comfortable for six occupants and their luggage for long-distance driving. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) currently uses the term "large car" to mean full-size cars based on their combined interior passenger and luggage volume. A **full-size SUV** (or CUV), is a utility vehicle that has over  of cargo volume. This is measured when the rear seats are folded or removed for more cargo capacity. Both full-size and mid-size SUVs and CUVs have three rows of seating (8 or 9 passengers). A **full size van** is a marketing term used for a van larger than a minivan. Seating is one difference. A full-size van may be equipped to seat up to 15 passengers. A minivan often seats up to 8.
Legionella

The genus ***Legionella*** is a pathogenic group of Gram-negative bacteria. It includes the species causing a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease, and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever.

It may be seen with a silver stain. _Legionella_ is common in many environments, including soil and aquatic systems, with at least 50 species and 70 strains identified.

The side-chains of the cell wall carry the bases responsible for the somatic antigen specificity of these organisms. The chemical composition of these side chains both with respect to components as well as arrangement of the different sugars determines the nature of the somatic or O antigen determinants, which are essential means of serologically classifying many Gram-negative bacteria.

_Legionella_ got its name after a 1976  outbreak of a then-unknown "mystery disease" sickened. 221 people were infected, with 34 deaths. The outbreak was first noticed among people attending a convention of the American Legion—an association of U.S. military veterans.

On January 18, 1977, the cause was identified as a previously unknown bacterium later named _Legionella_.

## Legionnaire's disease and Pontiac fever

Legionnaires' disease is a severe form of pneumonia—lung inflammation usually caused by infection. Legionnaires' disease is caused by a bacterium known as _Legionella_.

People can't catch Legionnaires' disease from person-to-person contact. Instead, most people get Legionnaires' disease from inhaling the bacteria. Older adults, smokers and people with weakened immune systems are particularly susceptible to Legionnaires' disease.

The _Legionella_ bacterium also causes Pontiac fever, a milder illness resembling the flu. Separately or together, the two illnesses are sometimes called legionellosis. Pontiac fever usually clears on its own, but untreated Legionnaires' disease can be fatal. Although prompt treatment with antibiotics usually cures Legionnaires' disease, some people continue to experience problems after treatment.

Disinfectants help people to avoid catching it.
Frame (vehicle)

A **vehicle frame**, is the main structural element of a motor vehicle. All other components are connected to the frame.  Another term for this design is _body-on-frame_ construction. A vehicle's frame is part of the chassis.

The first motor vehicles were almost all built on a frame.  Since then, nearly all cars have changed to unibody construction (see below). The last UK mass-produced car with a chassis was the Triumph Herald, which was discontinued in 1971.  By contrast, today nearly all trucks and buses still use chassis frames.

### Ladder Frame

Named because it resembles a ladder, the **ladder frame** is the simplest and oldest of all designs. It has two rails, or beams, and crossmembers connecting them. Most manufacturers stopped using them on cars around the 1940s. They are now seen mainly on trucks.

### Unibody

In a **unibody** (also **unit body**) design, the sheet metal of the body is also the frame. It may use subframes in certain areas. Unibody designs first appeared in the 1930s on some Citroën automobiles. Many modern vehicles use unibody construction including cars, minivans and crossovers. A few SUVs use unibody construction. An example is the Dodge Durango.
Hedesunda

**Hedesunda** is a locality in Gävle Municipality in Gävleborg County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,028 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hedesunda
- **image skyline**: Hedesunda.jpg
- **image caption**: Hedesunda
- **image blank emblem**: Hedesunda vapen.svg
- **blank emblem type**: Coat of arms
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Gävle Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Gävleborg County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Gästrikland
- **area total km2**: 1.68
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 1,028
- **population density km2**: 613
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Pedal steel guitar

The **pedal steel guitar** is a type of electric steel guitar that is built on legs or a stand. It usually has foot pedals which adjust the sound of the instrument. Like other electric guitars, the musical instrument produces sound by the vibration of its strings which are converted by magnetic pickup connected to an amplifier.

Pedal steels may have one or two "necks" that typically have 10 strings each. Some may have as many as 14. Unlike most other guitars, pedal steel guitars have reference lines on the fretboard. This is where frets would be, but there are no actual frets. The player changes the pitch of one or more strings by sliding a steel from one position to another while plucking the strings. Pedal steels are typically plucked with a thumb pick and fingers, or two or three fingerpicks. The pedals are mounted on a cross bar below the body. The action of the pedals may be fixed or changed by the player to select which strings the pedals affects. While there are some fairly standard pedal assignments, many advanced players devise their own setups, called _copedents_. The pedal steel evolved from the console steel guitar and lap steel guitar.

The pedal steel, with its smooth _portamenti_, bending chords and complex riffs, is one of the most easily recognized instruments of American country music.
Dimitar Iliev Popov

**Dimitar Iliev Popov** () (26 June 1927 in Kula – 5 December 2015) was a leading Bulgarian judge and politician. He was the first Prime Minister of the country not to be a member of the Bulgarian Communist Party since 1946.

## Infobox (prime minister)

- **country**: the Republic of Bulgaria
- **name**: Dimitar Iliev Popov
 Димитър Илиев Попов
- **order**: List of Prime Ministers of Bulgaria, 41st Prime Minister of Bulgaria
- **term start**: 7 December 1990
- **term end**: 8 November 1991
- **president**: Zhelyu Zhelev
- **predecessor**: Andrey Lukanov
- **successor**: Philip Dimitrov
- **birth place**: Kula, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria
- **death place**: Sofia, Bulgaria
- **party**: Independent
Gerrit Voorting

**Gerardus "Gerrit" Petrus Voorting** (18 January 1923 – 30 January 2015) was a racing cyclist from the Netherlands. He was born in Velsen. He was active between 1947 and 1960. He won the silver medal in the individual road race at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom. He died in Heemskerk.

He was the elder brother of Olympic cyclist Adrie Voorting.
Palais Bourbon

The **Palais Bourbon** is a large building in Paris. It is on the left bank of the River Seine. Today it is the home of the French National Assembly. It was originally built by Louise Françoise de Bourbon as a large townhouse for her own personal use. It was later the main Parisian residence of the Princes of Condé.

## History

Building began in 1722 under the direction of several prominent architects of the day. It was inspired by the "Grand Trianon" in the grounds of the Palace of Versailles. It was built near the _Hôtel de Lassay_, which was the townhouse of the Marquis of Lassay. He was a nobleman the duchess had began having an affair with some years prior. The two buildings were connected by a corridor.

During the French Revolution the property was seized as a _bien national_ or property of the nation.

## References

- _Le Palais Bourbon_
Reema Abdo

**Reema Abdo** (born May 19, 1963) is a Canadian retired swimmer. She was a backstroke swimmer.

Abdo competed for Canada at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. She was able to win a bronze medal for Canada. She won the bronze medal in the 4×100 m medley relay with Anne Ottenbrite, Michelle MacPherson, and Pamela Rai.

She was born in Aden in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. In 1976, Abdo and her family moved to Trenton, Ontario. She would then join the Trenton Dolphin Swim Club. She debuted with the Canadian national swimming team at the 1982 Commonwealth Games. There she was able to reach the final of the 200 metre backstroke event, but she did not win a medal. After she retired, she became a constable for the Ontario Provincial Police.

She was inducted into the Ontario Aquatic Hall of Fame in 1997.

## Other websites

- Canadian Olympic team profile

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **name**: Reema Abdo
- **fullname**: Reema Abdo
- **national team**: Canada
- **strokes**: Backstroke
- **club**: Trenton Dolphins
- **birth place**: Aden, Federation of South Arabia
Alexander Vraciu

**Alexander Vraciu** (November 2, 1918 – January 29, 2015) was a United States Navy fighter ace. He was a Medal of Honor nominee. He served during World War II. He once shot down six Japanese dive bombers in eight minutes. Vraciu was born in East Chicago, Indiana.

Vraciu died on January 29, 2015 in his sleep at the age of 96 at his home in Danville, Illinois.
Israel Yinon

**Israel Yinon** (11 January 1956 – 29 January 2015) was an Israeli conductor. He was known for reviving works of forgotten German composers who were forbidden under Adolf Hitler.

Yinon died after collapsing onstage at a youth concert at the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts in Switzerland. He was 59 years old. His cause of death is currently unknown.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Israel Yinon
- **image**: IsraelYinon2003.jpg
- **caption**: Yinon during rehearsals in 2003
- **birth place**: Kfar Saba, Israel
- **death place**: Lucerne, Switzerland
- **occupation**: Conductor
Pamela Rai

**Pamela Leila Rai** (born March 29, 1966) is a Canadian retired swimmer. She was a freestyle and butterfly swimmer.

Rai competed for Canada at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. She was able to win a bronze medal for Canada. She won the bronze medal in the 4×100 m medley relay with Anne Ottenbrite, Michelle MacPherson, and Reema Abdo. She also won a silver medal for Canada at the 1983 Pan American Games in the 4x100 m medley.

In 1984, Rai attended the University of Victoria. While there, Rai set five national university records and was named the 1985 Canadian University Swimmer of the Year. She retired in 1986 to finish her schooling.

She was inducted into the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame in 1993, University of Victoria Vikes Hall of Fame in 2005, and the British Columbia Swimming Hall of Fame on October 3, 1998.

## Other websites

- Canadian Olympic team profile

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **name**: Pamela Rai
- **image**: Pamela Leila Rai.jpg
- **caption**: at 1984 Olympic Games,
- **fullname**: Pamela Leila Rai
- **nicknames**: "Pam"
- **national team**: Canada
- **strokes**: Freestyle swimming, Freestyle
- **club**: Hyack Swim Club
- **collegeteam**: Victoria Vikes, University of Victoria
- **birth place**: New Westminster, British Columbia
Tetraplegia

**Tetraplegia** (or **quadriplegia**) is a condition in which someone loses use of all limbs and the torso. It usually affects both the ability to move and the use of the senses.

## Name

_Quadriplegia_ is the common term in North America. _Tetraplegia_ is the term in Europe.

## Causes

Tetraplegia is caused by damages either to the brain or to the spinal cord at the level of the cervical vertebrae. People with an injury at the C1 vertebra may lose functions from the neck down. They may need a machine to breathe for them. People with injuries at the C7 vertebra may still be able to use their arms and hands.
Zapala

**Zapala** is a town in the Argentinian Neuquén Province. In 2010, 32,097 people lived there.

## Prehistory

The dinosaur, _Zapalasaurus_, lived there during the Early Cretaceous period

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Zapala
- **native name lang**: es
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Argentina, City
- **image skyline**: Barrio_582_viviendas_en_Zapala.JPG
- **image caption**: Zapala
- **pushpin map**: Argentina
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Zapala in Argentina
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Argentina, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Neuquén Province, Neuquén
- **subdivision type2**: Departments of Argentina, Department
- **subdivision name2**: Zapala Department, Zapala
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: July 12, 1913
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: María Soledad Martinez
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 452
- **elevation m**: 1,012
- **population total**: 35507
- **population as of**: 2012
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Time in Argentina, ART
- **utc offset1**: -3
- **postal code type**: Argentine postal code, CPA base
- **postal code**: ISO 3166-2:AR, Q8340
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering in Argentina, Dialing code
- **area code**: +54 2942
- **website**: [http://www.zapala.gob.ar/sitio/ Official website]
Cartier (jeweller)

**Société Cartier** makes and sells jewellery and watches. It was started in Paris, France in 1847 by Louis-François Cartier. The company is based in Paris.

Cartier has sold items to celebrities and royalty for many years. Edward VII said that Cartier is "the jeweller of kings and the king of jewellers". For his coronation in 1902, Edward VII ordered 27 tiaras from Cartier. He chose Cartier as a main provider to the royal family in 1904.
Neuquén

**Neuquén** () is the capital city of Neuquén Province, Argentina. It is at the confluence of the Limay and Neuquén rivers.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Neuquén
- **native name**: Neuquén Capital
- **native name lang**: es
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Argentina, City
- **image caption**: Neuquén's General San Martín Monument, Monument to San Martin
- **image flag**: Bandera ciudad Neuquén.svg
- **pushpin map**: Argentina
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Neuquén in Argentina
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Argentina, Province
- **subdivision type2**: Departments of Argentina, Department
- **subdivision name2**: Confluencia Department, Confluencia
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1904
- **leader party**: New Neuquino Commitment
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Horacio "Pechi" Quiroga
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 63
- **elevation m**: 260
- **population total**: 224685
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Time in Argentina, ART
- **utc offset1**: −3
- **postal code type**: Argentine postal code, CPA base
- **postal code**: ISO 3166-2:AR, Q8300
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering in Argentina, Dialing code
- **area code**: +54 299
- **website**: [http://www.muninqn.gov.ar/ Official website]
Air charter

**Air charter** is the business of renting whole aircraft (i.e., chartering) instead of buying tickets and reserving single seat. Air charter is regulated by law. While airlines sell places in seats, air charter companies focus on private wealthy customers, urgent cargo, air ambulance services and others. These air charter companies have a lot of different types of aircraft, such as helicopters and business jets. Charter jet categories include turbo props, light jets, mid-size jets, super mid-size jets, heavy jets, and airliners.

## Related pages

- Business jet
Court reporting

A **court reporter** or **court stenographer**, also called **stenotype operator**, **shorthand reporter** or **law reporter**, is a person whose occupation is to transcribe spoken or recorded speech into written form, using shorthand, machine shorthand or voice writing equipment to produce official transcripts of court hearings, depositions and other official proceedings. Court reporting companies primarily serve private law firms, local, state and federal government agencies, courts, trade associations, meeting planners and nonprofits.
Vilnius Old Town

The **Old Town of Vilnius** () is the historic part of the city of Vilnius, Lithuania. It is one of the largest and most beautiful medieval old towns in Europe. It has an area of 3.59 square kilometres (887 acres). The settlement became a town in the early 13th century. The old town is marked by narrow streets, old churches, museums and flower-decorated courtyards.

The central squares in the Old Town are the Cathedral Square and the Town Hall Square. In 1994 the Vilnius Old Town was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

## Landmarks

There are more monuments of interest in the Old Town than in any other part of Vilnius; they include:

### Palaces

- Presidential Palace
- Slushko Palace
- Radvilu Palace
- Tyzenhaus Palace
- Vilnius Castle Complex with the Gediminas Tower and Royal Palace

### Religious monuments

- St. Anne's Church
- Vilnius Cathedral in Cathedral Square
- St. Nicholas Church
- All Saints Church
- Gate of Dawn
- Three Crosses
- Cathedral of the Theotokos

### Other places of interest

- House of the Signatories
- National Museum of Lithuania
- Lithuanian National Drama Theatre
- Fragments of the Vilnius city wall
- Vilnius dungeons

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **whs**: Vilnius Historic Centre
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **location**: Vilnius, Vilnius County, Lithuania
- **criteria**: (ii), (iv)
- **id**: 541bis
- **year**: 1994
- **extension**: 2012
- **locmapin**: Lithuania Vilnius#Lithuania
Edi Rama

**Edvin "Edi" Rama** (born 4 July 1964) is an Albanian politician, artist and writer. He is also the Prime Minister of Albania since 2013, and the leader of the Socialist Party of Albania since 2005. He was the Minister of Culture, Youth, and Sports from 1998 to 2000 and Mayor of Tirana from 2000 to 2011.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Edvin Rama
- **image**: Edi Rama - Feb2020.jpg
- **office**: List of Prime Ministers of Albania, 32nd Prime Minister of Albania
- **president**: Bujar Nishani
Ilir Meta
Bajram Begaj
- **deputy**: Niko Peleshi
- **term start**: 15 September 2013
- **predecessor**: Sali Berisha
- **office1**: Chairman of the Socialist Party of Albania, Chairman of the Socialist Party
- **term start1**: 10 October 2005
- **predecessor1**: Fatos Nano
- **office2**: Mayor of Tirana
- **term start2**: 11 October 2000
- **term end2**: 25 July 2011
- **predecessor2**: Albert Brojka
- **successor2**: Lulzim Basha
- **birth place**: Tirana, People's Socialist Republic of Albania, Albania
- **party**: Socialist Party of Albania, Socialist Party
- **spouse**: Matilda Makoçi
Linda Rama
- **children**: Gregor Rama
Zaho Rama
- **website**: [http://www.edirama.al Official website]
Tulancingo

**Tulancingo**, officially **Tulancingo de Bravo**, is a city in the state of Hidalgo in central Mexico. The city is in the Tulancingo Valley. It is  from Mexico City and  from Pachuca. It was founded by the Toltecs.
Amedeo Modigliani

**Amedeo Modigliani** (12 June 1884 – 24 January 1920) was an Italian painter and sculptor. Modigliani was born in Livorno. He spent his youth in Italy. From 1906, he was active in Paris, where he met other painters, such as Pablo Picasso and Constantin Brâncuși. Modigliani died from meningitis in Paris, at the age of 35. Today, he is mostly known for his artistic nudes, which were seen as scandalous at the time.

His works are on show at MoMA (New York City) and other museums.

## Related pages

- List of Italian painters
Maurizio Arcieri

**Maurizio Arcieri** (30 April 1942 – 29 January 2015) was an Italian singer. He was formerly the leader of The New Dada. Recently he was a member of Krisma. Arcieri was born in Milan, Italy. He was very active during the 1970s.

Arcieri died of cancer in Varese, Italy, aged 72.

## Other websites

- Maurizio's records on mayancaper.net
- Maurizio's videos on mayancaper.net
- Maurizio on KrismaTv.net
Carl Djerassi

**Carl Djerassi** (October 29, 1923 – January 30, 2015) was a Bulgarian-Austrian-American chemist, novelist, and playwright. He was best known for his work to develop a oral contraceptive pills and the use of physical methods in organic chemistry.

He was elected a foreign member of the Academia Europaea in 2003.

Djerassi died on January 30, 2015 from problems caused by liver and bone cancer in San Francisco, California at the age of 91.

## Other websites

- Personal website
    - Biography
- Carl Djerassi tells his life story at Web of Stories
- Djerassi Resident Artists Program
- Djerassi’s autograph from The Chemical Record
- Bob Weintraub, Israel Chemical Society. Pincus, Djerassi, and Oral Contraceptives

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Carl Djerassi
- **image**: Carl Djerassi-8581 (8732235884).jpg
- **caption**: Carl Djerassi in 2013
- **birth place**: Vienna, Austria
- **death place**: San Francisco, California, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: Austrian, Bulgarian
- **citizenship**: United States
- **field**: Chemistry
- **known for**: synthesis of norethisterone, the first orally highly active progestin used in one of the first three combined oral contraceptive pill, oral contraceptive pills
Geraldine McEwan

**Geraldine McEwan** (née **McKeown**; 9 May 1932 – 30 January 2015) was an English actress. McEwan was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play in 1998 for her performance in _The Chairs_. She also won a BAFTA Award for her performance in the television serial _Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit_ (1990). From 2004 to 2009 she appeared as Miss Marple, the Agatha Christie sleuth, for the series _Marple_.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Geraldine McEwan
- **birth name**: Geraldine McKeown
- **birth place**: Old Windsor, Berkshire, England
- **death cause**: Stroke
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1946–2011
- **spouse**: Hugh Cruttwell
(m. 1953–2002, his death)
- **children**: 1 son, 1 daughter
Old town

An **old town** of a city or town is its historic center or district. It is often the older town the newer parts were built around. It may also be an area built to resemble the older original town. Old towns usually have historical and architectural value that make them worth restoring. In Europe old towns are usually the medieval towns or villages that the newer city was built up around. Old towns may have cobblestone streets, old churches, and balconies hanging over narrow back streets. Because they are restrictive traffic traps many old town districts do not allow motor vehicles.
Ashraf Ghani

**Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai**  (, born February 12, 1949) was the President of Afghanistan. He was elected as the President of Afghanistan on 21 September 2014. He resigned on 15 August 2021 after going into exile when the Taliban captured Kabul and the Afghan government collapsed.

## Life

Ghani was born on February 12, 1949. On May 2, 2008, he made his first book, called Fixing Failed States: A Framework for Rebuilding a Fractured World. In 2011, he made another book, titled Afghanistan: A Lexicon Ashraf Ghani The 2nd last Jew in Afghanistan Zablon Simintov says he knows Ghani personally but this is not confirmed or denied.

## Exile

On 15 August 2021, Afghan officials said that Ghani had left the presidential palace that morning, and went to the US embassy and from there he left Afghanistan as the Taliban entered Kabul.

He is living in UAE (as of 2021's fourth quarter).

## Other websites

- Profile: Ashraf Ghani – BBC News
- Afghan Elections Dossier – Ashraf Ghani, August 2009 – Radio France Internationale
- AFGHANISTAN’S THEORIST-IN-CHIEF; President Ashraf Ghani is an expert on failed states. Can he save his country from collapse? 4 July 2016 _The New Yorker_ issue by George Packer
- BBC Radio 4 Profile

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ashraf Ghani
اشرف غنی
- **image**: 18th Summit of Non-Aligned Movement gets underway in Baku 032 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: President of Afghanistan
- **vicepresident**: Abdul Rashid Dostum
Amrullah Saleh
- **term start**: 29 September 2014
- **term end**: 15 August 2021

- **predecessor**: Hamid Karzai
- **successor**: Hibatullah Akhundzada (Emir)
- **office1**: Chancellor of Kabul University
- **term start1**: 22 December 2004
- **term end1**: 21 December 2008
- **predecessor1**: Habibullah Habib
- **successor1**: Hamidullah Amin
- **office2**: Ministry of Finance (Afghanistan), Minister of Finance
- **term start2**: 2 June 2002
- **term end2**: 14 December 2004
- **predecessor2**: Hedayat Amin Arsala
- **successor2**: Anwar ul-Haq Ahady
- **birth name**: Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai
- **birth place**: Logar Province, Logar, Afghanistan
- **nationality**: Afghanistan
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **spouse**: Rula Ghani
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: American University of Beirut
Columbia University
Gita Sahgal

**Gita Sahgal** (born 1956 / 1957) is a writer on the subjects of feminism and fundamentalism. She was the leader of Amnesty International's gender unit from 2003 to 2010.

Sahgal was born in Bombay in India. Her mother is writer Nayantara Sahgal. She was raised as a Hindu. In 1972 she moved to London. In London she studied at the School of Oriental and African Studies. In 1977 Sahgal went back to India. She moved back to England in 1983.

## Career

In 1979 she started Southall Black Sisters with Pragna Patel. SBS is an organization that helps Asian and black women who are experiencing domestic violence, sexual violence, forced marriage, etc. She started Women Against Fundamentalism in 1989 with Patel, Clara Connolly, and Nira Yuval-Davis in response to the Rushdie affair. In 1992 Sahgal wrote in _Refusing Holy Orders: Women and Fundamentalism in Britain_ and edited it with Yuval-Davis. In 2003 Sahgal became the head of Amnesty International's gender unit. In 2010 Sahgal was fired because she wrote an article for the _Sunday Times_ criticising Amnesty's associations with Moazzam Begg. She left the organization. The Centre for Secular Space was started by Sahgal in 2011.

## Personal life

Sahgal is an atheist.
Anohana: The Flower We Saw That Day

is a Japanese anime series written by Mari Okada and directed by Tatsuyuki Nagai. It was produced by A-1 Pictures.

The anime aired 11 episodes. It began airing on April 14, 2011 and ended on June 23, 2011. It was shown on Fuji Television's noitaminA block. It started as a serial novel by Mari Okada and appeared in Media Factory's _Da Vinci_ magazine from March to July 2011. It was later adapted into a manga and it was illustrated by Mitsu Izumi. A visual novel for the PlayStation Portable was released in August 2012.

On August 31, 2013,  an anime movie was released in Japanese theatres. A second anime movie is set to be released in 2015.

## Other websites

- Official anime website
- Official visual novel website

## Infobox (animanga/header)

- **name**: Anohana:
The Flower We Saw That Day
- **ja kanji**: あの日見た花の名前を僕達はまだ知らない。
- **ja romaji**: Ano Hi Mita Hana no Namae o Bokutachi wa Mada Shiranai.
- **genre**: Coming-of-age story, Coming-of-age


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: serial novel
- **author**: Mari Okada
- **publisher**: Media Factory
- **imprint**: MF Bunko Da Vinci
- **magazine**: Da Vinci
- **first**: March 2011
- **last**: July 2011
- **volumes**: 2


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: tv series
- **director**: Tatsuyuki Nagai
- **producer**: Hiroyuki Shimizu
- **writer**: Mari Okada
- **music**: Reimy, Remedios
- **studio**: A-1 Pictures
- **network**: Fuji Television, Fuji TV (noitamina)
- **first**: April 14, 2011
- **last**: June 23, 2011
- **episodes**: 11
- **episode list**: #Anime


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: manga
- **author**: Mari Okada
- **illustrator**: Mitsu Izumi
- **publisher**: Shueisha
- **demographic**: _Shōnen manga, Shōnen_
- **magazine**: Jump Square
- **first**: April 4, 2012
- **last**: March 2013
- **volumes**: 3


## Infobox (animanga/game)

- **developer**: Guyzware
- **publisher**: 5pb.
- **genre**: Visual novel
- **platforms**: PlayStation Portable


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: film
- **director**: Tatsuyuki Nagai
- **music**: Reimy, Remedios
- **studio**: A-1 Pictures
- **released**: August 31, 2013


## Infobox (animanga/manga)

- **type**: manga
- **author**: Mari Okada
- **illustrator**: Mitsu Izumi
- **publisher**: Shueisha
- **demographic**: _Shōnen manga, Shōnen_
- **magazine**: Jump Square
- **published**: September 4, 2013


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: live tv film
- **director**: Masaki Nishiura
- **writer**: Yoshihiro Izumi
- **network**: Fuji Television, Fuji TV
- **released**: September 21, 2015


## Infobox (animanga/footer)
Emelie Öhrstig

**Emelie Öhrstig**, born 27 February 1978 in Borås, Sweden, is a Swedish cross-country skier and road racing cyclist. As a country skier she who won a gold medal during the 2005 Nordic World Ski Championships in Oberstdorf, Germany.  She also won eleven additional victories up to 15 kilometers between 2002-2005. Her best individual finish in Turin during the 2006 Winter Olympics was 22nd in the women's individual sprint race.

In April 2006 she resigned as a member of the Piteå Elit SK team.
Kenji Goto

was a Japanese freelance video journalist covering wars and conflicts, refugees, poverty, AIDS, and child education around the world. In October 2014, he was captured and held hostage in Syria by Islamic State (ISIL) militants. After being held for three months, on 31 January 2015, he was beheaded.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kenji Goto Jogo
- **native name**: 後藤 健二
- **native name lang**: ja
- **birth name**: Kenji Goto
- **birth place**: Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
- **death place**: Syria
- **death cause**: Beheading
- **nationality**: Japanese
- **alma mater**: Hosei University
- **occupation**: Journalist
- **years active**: 1991–2015
- **children**: 3
Origa

**Olga Vital'evna Yakovleva** (; 12 October 1970 – 17 January 2015), better known as **Origa**, was a Russian singer. She worked mostly in Japan from 1993 until her death. She was signed to the record label Gemmatika and sometimes worked with Yoko Kanno. She also released eleven albums and eight singles. She was most well known for singing the intro to the television series _Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex_ and _Fantastic Children_.

Origa was born in Kochenyovsky District, Novosibirsk Oblast.

Origa died from lung cancer on 17 January 2015 in Tokyo, aged 44.

## Other websites

]
José Manuel Lara Bosch

**José Manuel Lara Bosch** (8 March 1946 – 31 January 2015) was a Spanish media executive and businessman. He was the CEO of Grupo Planeta since 2003 and Atresmedia since 2012. Bosch was born in Barcelona, Spain.

Bosch died in Barcelona, Spain from pancreatic cancer, aged 68. He is survived by his wife of 40 years, Consuelo García Píriz and his four children.
Rocky Bridges

**Everett Lamar** "**Rocky**" **Bridges** (August 7, 1927 – January 27, 2015) was an American baseball utility infielder. He played in Major League Baseball from 1951 to 1961. He played for the Brooklyn Dodgers, Cincinnati Reds, and St. Louis Cardinals of the National League. He also played for the Washington Senators, Detroit Tigers, Cleveland Indians, and Los Angeles Angels of the American League.

Bridges was born in Refugio, Texas. He was married to Mary who died in 2008 and had four children.

Bridges died on January 27, 2015 in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, aged 87.
Tenkoko Sonoda

was a Japanese politician. She was a member of the Japanese Diet from 1946 until 1952. In 1950, she became the first woman in Japanese political history to have a baby while in office.

Sonoda was born in Tokyo. She was married to Sunao Sonoda until his death in 1984. She was also the stepmother of Hiroyuki Sonoda.

Sonoda died on 29 January 2015 in a Tokyo hospital. She was 96.
Suraj Abdurrahman

**Suraj Alao Abdurrahman** (9 September 1954 – 28 January 2015) was a Nigerian architect, engineer officer of the Nigerian Army. He served as Command Officer in Charge of the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) in Liberia. He was married and had four children.

Abdurrahman died of an illness in a hospital in New York, United States, aged 60.
Ronald Davison

**Sir Ronald Keith Davison** (born  16 November 1920; died 2 July 2015) was a New Zealand lawyer and judge. He was the tenth Chief Justice of New Zealand from 1978 to 1989.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: Sir Ron Davison
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of the British Empire, GBE Order of St Michael and St George, CMG Queen's Counsel, QC
- **order**: 10th Chief Justice of New Zealand
- **term start**: 3 February 1978
- **term end**: 4 February 1989
- **predecessor**: Richard Wild (judge), Richard Wild
- **successor**: Thomas Eichelbaum
- **appointer**: Keith Holyoake, Sir Keith Holyoake
- **nominator**: Robert Muldoon
- **birth place**: Kaponga, Taranaki
- **spouse**: Jacqueline May Carr
We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together

"**We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together**" is a 2012 song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. Swift co-wrote the song with its producers Max Martin and Shellback. The song is about Swift being frustrated at her ex-lover wanting to fix their relationship. The song was the lead single from her album _Red_.

_Rolling Stone_ named this song the second best song of 2012.

The song hit #1 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together
- **cover**: WANEEGBT Logo.png
- **artist**: Taylor Swift
- **album**: Red (Taylor Swift album), Red
- **length**: 3:12
- **label**: Big Machine Records, Big Machine
- **prev title**: Both of Us
- **prev year**: 2012
- **next title**: Ronan (song), Ronan
- **next year**: 2012
Catherine Tizard

**Dame Catherine Anne Tizard** (née Maclean; 4 April 1931 – 31 October 2021) was a New Zealand politician. She served as the Mayor of Auckland City and the 16th Governor-General of New Zealand. She the first woman to hold either office.

Tizard died on 31 October 2021 in Auckland from a long-illness at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- Government House: Official biography

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Dame Catherine Tizard
- **image**: Governor-General Catherine Tizard.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **order**: List of Governors-General of New Zealand, 16th
- **office**: Governor-General of New Zealand
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **primeminister**: Jim Bolger
- **term start**: 13 December 1990
- **term end**: 21 March 1996
- **predecessor**: Paul Reeves
- **successor**: Michael Hardie Boys
- **office2**: Mayor of Auckland City
- **predecessor2**: Colin Kay
- **successor2**: Les Mills
- **term start2**: 1983
- **term end2**: 1990
- **birth place**: Auckland, Auckland Region, New Zealand
- **death place**: Auckland, New Zealand
- **party**: New Zealand Labour Party, Labour Party
- **spouse**: Bob Tizard <small>(1951–1980)</small>
- **alma mater**: University of Auckland
Paul Reeves

**Sir Paul Alfred Reeves** (6 December 193214 August 2011) was a New Zealand politician and archbishop. He was the Archbishop and Primate of New Zealand from 1980 to 1985 and the 15th Governor-General of New Zealand from 22 November 1985 to 20 November 1990.

He was the first Chancellor of Auckland University of Technology.

In July 2011, Reeves announced that he had been diagnosed with cancer. He died of the disease in Auckland, New Zealand, aged 78.

## Other websites

- Biography at Holy Trinity Cathedral website
- Official biographies of former Governors–General of New Zealand
- Radio NZ interview, 8 May 2011 Sir Paul talks extensively about his life and work with interviewer Chris Laidlaw. (Listen directly or download options)

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Reverend and the Honourable, Honourable
- **name**: Sir Paul Reeves
- **nationality**: New Zealand
- **image**: Paul Reeves (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Reeves in 1987
- **office**: Auckland University of Technology, Chancellor of Auckland University of Technology
- **term start**: 1 February 2005
- **term end**: 13 August 2011
- **successor**: John Maasland
- **order2**: 15th
- **office2**: Governor-General of New Zealand
- **monarch2**: Elizabeth II
- **primeminister2**: David Lange (1985–1989)
 Geoffrey Palmer (politician), Geoffrey Palmer (1989–1990)
Mike Moore (New Zealand politician), Mike Moore (1990)
- **term start2**: 22 November 1985
- **term end2**: 20 November 1990
- **predecessor2**: Sir David Beattie
- **successor2**: Dame Catherine Tizard
- **birth name**: Paul Alfred Reeves
- **birth place**: Wellington, New Zealand
- **death place**: Auckland, New Zealand
- **spouse**: Beverley Watkins
- **children**: 3
- **profession**: Anglican Bishop
Zulkifli Abdhir

**Zulkifli Abdhir** (5 October 1966 - 27 January 2015) was a Malaysian who was one of the FBI Most Wanted Terrorists. The American FBI agency offered a USD 5 million reward for information leading to his capture. He was the maker of bombs delivered for usage to several terrorist groups.

He was often referred to by the _nom de guerre_ **Marwan**. He was suspected of being a leader of the Kumpulan Mujahidin Malaysia, being part of the central command of the Jemaah Islamiyah, and was hiding in Mindanao under the protection of the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters.

Zulkifli Abdhir is thought to have possibly been killed in a recent PNP operation leading to militant clashes with the Philippine National Police.
Joe Rígoli

**Jorge Rígoli** (**Jorge Alberto Rípoli**; 5 November 1936 – 27 January 2015) was an Argentine comedian and actor. He was known for starring in the popular Argentine animated series _Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez_. Rígoli was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Rígoli died in Mar del Plata, Argentina from heart failure after being in a medically induced coma after having high blood pressure. He was 78 years old.
Dennis Wilson

**Dennis Carl Wilson** (December 4, 1944 – December 28, 1983) was an American drummer, singer and songwriter. He is best known as being one of three brothers in the rock band, The Beach Boys. Wilson was a member from the beginning until he died in 1983.

The group made twenty-four studio albums. Wilson made one solo album, _Pacific Ocean Blue_. It stayed popular with critics over the years.

Dennis was born in Inglewood, California. He was the only surfer of the group and he lived the beach lifestyle that the Beach Boys wrote about in their songs.

## Meeting Charles Manson

In 1968, Dennis Wilson met a musician, Charles Manson, who had a group of followers in a religious cult. His cult members were called "The Family". Wilson became very fond of Manson and his friends. They all moved into his home on Sunset Boulevard in west Los Angeles for a few months.

At first, Wilson was writing some songs with Manson, who could play a guitar. Thinking he had talent, he introduced him to a few friends in the music business, including Terry Melcher, (the son of Doris Day). But he soon became afraid of Manson's bad temper and violent behavior. So finally Wilson escaped by just moving out of his house and leaving Manson there.

Manson was actually a dangerous and mentally ill criminal. In 1969, with the help of "The Family", he murdered at least eight famous people in California.

## Death

On December 28, 1983, while partying soon after his 39th birthday, Wilson drowned at Marina del Rey in Los Angeles. He had been drinking alcohol all day and diving into the sea in the afternoon. He was buried at sea off the California coast by the U.S. Coast Guard on January 4, 1984. President Ronald Reagan allowed the burial.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Pacific Ocean Blue_ (1977)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Dennis Wilson
- **image**: Dennis Wilson 1971 cropped.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **genre**: Surf rock
- **years active**: 1961-1983
- **label**: Capitol Records, Caribou Records, Sony Music, Brother Records, Reprise Records
- **associated acts**: The Beach Boys
Ekhlasuddin Ahmed

**Ekhlasuddin Ahmed** (also **Ekhlas Uddin Ahmed**; 15 December 1940 – 24 December 2014) was a Bangladeshi writer of Children's literature.

## Early life

Ahmed was born in 1940 in the 24 Parganas district of West Bengal province. Ahmed was also a journalist and was associated with the Daily Janakantha. Among the awards he received is the  "Kabir Chowdhury Children's Literary Award" of the Bangla Academy (2004).

## Death

Ekhlasuddin died at Square Hospital in Dhaka 24 December 2014 at age 74.

## Awards and honours

- 1971: Bangla Academy Award
- 2000: Ekushey Padak

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Ekhlasuddin Ahmed
- **birth place**: 24 Parganas, West Bengal, British India (now India)
- **death place**: Dhaka, Bangladesh
- **awards**: Bangla Academy Award <br/ > Ekushey Padak
José Arias

**José Arias** (27 August 1922 – 7 January 2015) was a Spanish alpine skier who competed in the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland.
Tomás Bulat

**Tomás Ariel Bulat** (12 September 1964 – 31 January 2015) was an Argentine economist, journalist, writer, and professor. He was known for his report on channel A24. He wrote some books about the economy, some of those books are _La economía de tu vida_ and _la Economía descubierta_. Bulat was born in Buenos Aires.

Bulat died in Buenos Aires, Argentina after being killed in a car crash, aged 50.

## Death

Bulat died in the early hours of Saturday, January 31, 2015, after a car accident at kilometer 195 of the Rosario Highway, near the city of Ramallo in Buenos Aires Province. Bulat, was traveling in the back of a Peugeot 408, which was serving as a taxi, returning to the City of Buenos Aires after giving a lecture in San Genaro, Santa Fe.

According to reports, and due to circumstances that remain unknown, the car rear-ended a truck traveling in the same direction. The taxi driver suffered only minor injuries.

According to police sources, when they arrived at the scene, he had already died, so the **Scientific Police** were notified to carry out the corresponding expert reports. As a result of the crash, a whiplash was produced on his body, he was wearing a seat belt at the level of the abdomen at that time, and the subsequent fracture of ribs, which caused his death on the spot.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tomas Bulat
- **image**: Tomás Bulat.jpg
- **birth name**: Tomas Ariel Bulat
- **birth date**: 12 September 1964
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **alma mater**: University of Buenos Aires
- **partner**: Carina Onorato
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **death cause**: Car crash
- **children**: 3
- **website**: https://equipobulat.com
George H. McKee

Lieutenant General **George H. McKee** (April 28, 1923 – January 6, 2015) was an American Air Force lieutenant general and command pilot. He was commander of Air Training Command with headquarters at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas.
Bonnie Christensen

**Bonnie Christensen** (January 23, 1951 – January 12, 2015) was an American author and illustrator. She best known for writing biographies and other illustrated non-fiction books for children and young adults. She was born in Saranac Lake, New York.

Christensen died of ovarian cancer in Williston, Vermont, aged 63.
Robert Adler

**Robert Adler** (December 4, 1913 – February 15, 2007) was an Austrian-born American inventor who held numerous patents. He was known for creating wireless remote control for televisions.

Adler died in a Boise, Idaho nursing home of heart failure at age 93 years old.

## Other websites

- Inventor of the Week Archive - Robert Adler
- Robert Adler: Biography of the Inventor Who Made Life Easier for Couch Potatoes
- Man who glued TV watchers to the couch dies
- The Inventor Who Deserves a Sitting Ovation - _The Washington Post_
- Robert Adler, 94; Engineer, Co-Inventor of TV Remote Control - _The Washington Post_
- Obituary , _The Independent_, 22 February 2007
- Obituary , _The Daily Telegraph_, 13 March 2007
- Obituary and Archive of American Television interview description
- Biography from IEEE

## Infobox (scientist)

- **caption**: Robert Adler
- **birth date**: December 4, 1913
- **birth place**: Vienna, Austria
- **nationality**: United States, American -Austrian
- **death place**: Boise, Idaho, United States, U.S.
- **field**: Physics
- **work institution**: Zenith Electronics
- **alma mater**: University of Vienna
- **doctoral students**: None
- **known for**: wireless remote control for televisions
- **prizes**: Edison Medal (1980)
Utsunomiya Line

The  is a  railway line in Japan. It runs from Ueno station in Tokyo Prefecture to Utsunomiya Station in Tochigi Prefecture. It runs diagonally from south to north in Saitama Prefecture. It is owned and operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East Japan).

The colors of the cars are green and orange. It looks similar to the Takasaki line.
The maximum speed of this train is . It is possible to go to Kuroiso from Ueno in about an hour and a half.

The Takasaki line including local trains and rapid trains has about six standard-runs per hour in daytime. Sometimes the trains are crowded with students and company employees in major cities, for example Akabane, Urawa, Saitama-Shintoshin, Omiya, Hasuda, Kuki, Koga, Oyama, Utsunomiya, Nasu-Shiobara, Kuroiso.

## Infobox (rail line)

- **name**: Utsunomiya Line
- **color**: f68b1e
- **image**: JREast-E231-1000-U505.jpg
- **image width**: 300px
- **caption**: E231 series, E231-1000 series EMU between  and
- **type**: Heavy rail
- **locale**: Tokyo, Saitama Prefecture, Saitama, Tochigi Prefecture, Tochigi, Ibaraki Prefecture, Ibaraki
- **stations**: 33
- **open**: 1883
- **operator**:  JR East
- **electrification**: 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
- **map state**: collapsed