juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Leonel Fernández

**Leonel Antonio Fernández Reyna** () (born December 26, 1953) is a Dominican lawyer, academic, and politician. He was President of the Dominican Republic from 1996 to 2000 and from 2004 to 2012.

Since January 2016, he is the President of the EU–LAC Foundation.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Leonel Fernández
- **office**: List of Presidents of the Dominican Republic, 50th & 52nd President of the Dominican Republic
- **image**: Leonel Fernández2010.jpg
- **caption**: Leonel Fernández, 2010
- **alt**: A portrait shot of a middle-aged man smiling somewhat and looking straight ahead. He has light brown skin, slightly African/Negroid facial features, curly dark hair. He is mustachioed and wears a suit and tie.
- **predecessor**: Hipólito Mejía
- **successor**: Danilo Medina
- **vicepresident**: Rafael Alburquerque
- **signature**: FirmaLF.jpg
- **signature alt**: Leonel Fernández
- **party**: People's Force (since 2019)
- **otherparty**: Dominican Liberation Party (1990–2019)
- **predecessor1**: Joaquín Balaguer
- **successor1**: Hipólito Mejía
- **vicepresident1**: Jaime David Fernández Mirabal
- **birth name**: Leonel Antonio Fernández Reyna
- **birth place**: Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
- **spouse**: Rocío Domínguez (m. 1987–d. 1996)
Margarita Cedeño de Fernández, Margarita Cedeño (m. 2003–present)
- **alma mater**: Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Autonomous University of Santo Domingo
- **term start**: 16 August 2004
- **term end**: 16 August 2012
- **term start1**: 16 August 1996
- **term end1**: 16 August 2000
- **website**: *
Guido Vildoso

General **Guido Vildoso Calderón** (born 5 April 1937) is a Bolivian politician. He was the de facto President of Bolivia from July 1982 to October 1982.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Guido Vildoso
- **image**: File:Guido Vildoso.jpg
- **caption**: Vildoso in 1991
- **order**: 70th President of Bolivia
- **term start**: 21 July 1982
- **term end**: 10 October 1982
- **predecessor**: Celso Torrelio
- **successor**: Hernán Siles Zuazo, Hernán Siles
- **birth name**: Guido Vildoso Calderón
- **birth place**: La Paz, Bolivia
- **nationality**: Bolivian
- **profession**: Military
- **party**: None
Alejandro Giammattei

**Alejandro Eduardo Giammattei Falla** (born 9 March 1956) is a Guatemalan politician. He was the President of Guatemala from 14 January 2020 until 14 January 2024. He was elected president after winning the second round of the 2019 presidential election. He was a candidate for President in the 2007, 2011, 2015, and 2019 elections.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **image**: Retrato de Alejandro Giammattei, Presidente de Guatemala (2020-2024) (cropped 4).png
- **office**: President of Guatemala
- **vicepresident**: Guillermo Castillo Reyes, Guillermo Castillo
- **term start**: 14 January 2020
- **term end**: 14 January 2024
- **predecessor**: Jimmy Morales
- **successor**: Bernardo Arévalo
- **birth name**: Alejandro Eduardo Giammattei Falla
- **birth place**: Guatemala City, Guatemala
- **party**: Vamos (Guatemala), Vamos
- **spouse**: Rosana Cáceres
- **caption**: Formal portrait, 2021
Álvaro Colom

**Álvaro Colom Caballeros** (; June 15, 1951 – January 23, 2023) was a Guatemalan politician. He was the President of Guatemala from 2008 to 2012.

Colom died at a hospital in Guatemala City, Guatemala from esophageal cancer at the age of 71.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Álvaro Colom
- **image**: Foto oficial de Álvaro Colom (cropped 1).png
- **order**: 35th
- **office**: President of Guatemala
- **vicepresident**: Rafael Espada
- **term start**: January 14, 2008
- **term end**: January 14, 2012
- **predecessor**: Óscar Berger
- **successor**: Otto Pérez Molina
- **birth name**: Álvaro Colom Caballeros
- **birth place**: Guatemala City, Guatemala
- **death place**: Guatemala City, Guatemala
- **party**: National Unity of Hope
- **spouse**: Sandra Torres <small>(2003–2011)</small>
- **alma mater**: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, University of San Carlos of Guatemala
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2008
Alfonso Portillo

**Alfonso Antonio Portillo Cabrera** (born September 24, 1951) is a Guatemalan politician. He was the 33rd President of Guatemala from 2000 to 2004.

## Other websites

- Biography by CIDOB

## Infobox (president)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Alfonso Portillo
- **image**: Foto oficial de Alfonso Portillo.jpg
- **order**: 33rd
- **office**: President of Guatemala
- **vicepresident**: Juan Francisco Reyes, Juan Francisco Reyes López
- **term start**: January 14, 2000
- **term end**: January 14, 2004
- **predecessor**: Álvaro Arzú
- **successor**: Óscar Berger
- **birth place**: Zacapa, Guatemala
- **party**: Guatemalan Republican Front
- **caption**: Official portrait
President of Guatemala

The **President of Guatemala** () officially known as the **President of the Republic of Guatemala** (), is the head of state and head of government of Guatemala, elected to a single four-year term.

The job of President was created in 1839. From 1821 until 1839, the head of state of Guatemala was styled simply as **Head of State** ().

## List of presidents of Guatemala

List of presidents of Guatemala

## Requirements to hold office

According to article 185 of the constitution, the following is required to be president:

- A Guatemalan of origin who is a citizen in good standing.
- Forty years of age.

## Living former presidents

The most recent president to die was Álvaro Colom (served 2008–2012), on 23 January 2023, at the age of 71.

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: President
- **body**: the
Republic of Guatemala
- **insignia**: Coat of arms of Guatemala.svg
- **insigniasize**: 125px
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of arms of Guatemala, Coat of arms of the President
- **flag**: Guatemala Presidental Flag.svgborder
- **flagsize**: 125px
- **flagcaption**: Presidential Flag, Presidential Standard of Guatemala
- **image**: Retrato oficial de Presidente Bernardo Arévalo (cropped 2).jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **incumbent**: Bernardo Arévalo
- **incumbentsince**: 15 January 2024
- **member of**: Cabinet
- **department**: Office of the President of Guatemala
National Security Council
- **style**: Mr. President (title), Mr. President

Most Excellent Mr. President of the Republic

His Excellency#Spain, Excellency

- **residence**: National Palace (Guatemala), National Palace
- **seat**: Guatemala City
- **appointer**: Supreme Electoral Court
- **termlength**: Four years
- **termlength qualified**: non-renewable
- **constituting instrument**: Guatemalan Constitution
- **formation**: 3 December 1839
- **salary**: 146,950 Guatemalan quetzal, GTQ monthly
(United States dollar, $19,742 as of May 2018)
- **inaugural**: Mariano Rivera Paz
- **deputy**: Vice President of Guatemala
- **website**: http://www.presidencia.gob.gt/
Jorge Serrano Elías

**Jorge Antonio Serrano Elías** (born April 26, 1945) is a Guatemalan politician. He was President of Guatemala from January 14, 1991 to June 1, 1993.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Jorge Serrano
- **honorific prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **image**: Foto oficial de Jorge Antonio Serrano Elías.png
- **caption**: Official portrait
- **order**: 29th
- **office**: President of Guatemala
- **term start**: January 14, 1991
- **term end**: June 1, 1993
- **vicepresident**: Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero
- **predecessor**: Vinicio Cerezo
- **successor**: Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero
- **birth place**: Guatemala City
- **spouse**: Magda Bianchi de Serrano
- **children**: 5
- **party**: Movimiento de Acción Solidaria
Ramiro de León Carpio

**Ramiro de León Carpio** (January 12, 1942 – April 16, 2002) was a Guatemalan politician. He was the President of Guatemala from June 6, 1993, until January 14, 1996.

He was appointed to the position by the Guatemalan Congress, without being affiliated with any political party, following the dismissal of Jorge Serrano Elías. During his term, reforms were made to the Guatemalan Constitution and Congress was purged.

De León died while in a diabetic coma at a Miami hospital on April 16, 2002, at the age of 60.

## Other websites

- Biography by CIDOB

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Ramiro de León Carpio
- **image**: FiRetrato de Ramiro de León Carpio como Procurador de los Derechos Humanos de Guatemala (1987-1993)(cropped).jpg
- **honorific prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **order**: 31st
- **office**: President of Guatemala
- **term start**: June 6, 1993
- **term end**: January 14, 1996
- **predecessor**: Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero, Gustavo Espina
- **successor**: Álvaro Arzú
- **vicepresident**: Arturo Herbruger, Arturo Herbruger Asturias
- **birth place**: Guatemala City, Guatemala
- **death place**: Miami, Florida, United States
- **spouse**: Mayra Duque, Maria Eugenia Morales
- **children**: 3
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
Vinicio Cerezo

**Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo** (born December 26, 1942) is a Guatemalan politician. He was the President of Guatemala from January 14, 1986 to January 14, 1991.

## Other websites

- Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)
- Congressional web page
- Crisis de Gobernabilidad 1a. Fase: Perspectiva Política, New Media, Francisco Marroquín

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Vinicio Cerezo
- **image**: Foto oficial de Presidente Vinicio Cerezo.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait
- **order**: 28th
- **office**: President of Guatemala
- **term start**: January 14, 1986
- **term end**: January 14, 1991
- **vicepresident**: Roberto Carpio, Roberto Carpio Nicolle
- **predecessor**: Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores, Óscar Humberto Mejía
- **successor**: Jorge Serrano Elías
- **order1**: Central American Integration System, General Secretary of Central American Integration System
- **term start1**: June 29, 2017
- **predecessor1**: Victoria Marina Velásquez
- **birth place**: Guatemala City
- **party**: Guatemalan Christian Democrats
Spouse of the prime minister of the United Kingdom

The **spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom** is the wife or husband of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

## History

There have been forty-four women and three men who have been married to British prime ministers in office. There have also been four bachelor and nine widower prime ministers; the last bachelor was Edward Heath (1970–1974) and the last widower was Ramsay MacDonald (1924, 1929–1935).

The Duke of Grafton (1766–1768) is the only Prime Minister to have divorced and remarried while in office, while Boris Johnson was the only one to have a _de jure_ spouse in Marina Wheeler, due to their separation in 2018. Johnson eventually married Carrie Johnson in 2021. They were the first unmarried couple to live in Downing Street before their marriage.

## Role

The role of the British prime minister's spouse is not an official office and are not given a salary or official duties. Over time the position has evolved. Cherie Blair, have gained public attention through their own independent careers and achievements, as well as attending engagements such as the African First Ladies Summit.

## Living former spouses

There are currently seven living spouses of former prime ministers:
|class=unsortable|Spouse|Prime Minister|Tenure|Date of birth|class=unsortable|Longevity|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Dame Norma Major|John Major|style="text-align:center"|1990–1997||||
|Cherie Blair|Tony Blair|style="text-align:center"|1997–2007||||
|Sarah Brown|Gordon Brown|style="text-align:center"|2007–2010||||
|Samantha Cameron|David Cameron|style="text-align:center"|2010–2016||||
|Sir Philip May|Theresa May|style="text-align:center"|2016–2019||||
|Marina Wheeler|rowspan=2|Boris Johnson|style="text-align:center"|2019–2020|||
|Carrie Johnson|style="text-align:center"|2021–2022|||||
|Hugh O'Leary|Liz Truss|style="text-align:center"|2022||||
|Akshata Murty|Rishi Sunak|style="text-align:center"|2022–2024||||

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Spouse of the Prime Minister
- **body**: the United Kingdom
- **image**: Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_hosts_Donald_Trump_for_State_visit_(54796269621)_(cropped).jpg
- **incumbentlabel**: Current
- **incumbent**: Victoria Starmer, Victoria, Lady Starmer
- **incumbentsince**: 5 July 2024
- **residence**: 10 Downing Street (customary)
- **first**: Catherine, Lady Walpole
Sarah Jane Brown

**Sarah Jane Brown** (née **Macaulay**; born 31 October 1963), usually known as **Sarah Brown**, is a British campaigner for global health and education, founder and president of the children's charity Theirworld.

She was a founding partner of Hobsbawm Macaulay Communications. She is married to Gordon Brown, who was Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1997 to 2007 and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2010.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sarah Brown
- **birthname**: Sarah Jane Macaulay
- **birth place**: Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, England
- **image**: Gordon and Sarah Brown (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Brown in 2009
- **office**: Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- **primeminister**: Gordon Brown
- **term start**: 27 June 2007
- **term end**: 11 May 2010
- **term label**: In role
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: University of Bristol
- **predecessor**: Cherie Blair
- **successor**: Samantha Cameron
- **residence**: North Queensferry
- **nationality**: British
- **party**: Labour Party (UK), Labour
Norma Major

**Dame Norma Christina Elizabeth Major**,  (**' **Wagstaff**, formerly **Johnson'''; born 12 February 1942) is an English philanthropist. She is the wife of Sir John Major.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Dame Norma Major
- **office**: Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Spouse of the Prime Minister
of the United Kingdom
- **term start**: 28 November 1990
- **term end**: 2 May 1997
- **term label**: In role
- **primeminister**: John Major
- **predecessor**: Denis Thatcher
- **successor**: Cherie Blair
- **birth name**: Norma Christina Elizabeth Wagstaff
- **birth place**: Shropshire, England
- **nationality**: British
- **education**: London South Bank University
- **children**: 2
- **party**: Conservative Party (UK), Conservative
Marina Wheeler

**Marina Claire Wheeler**  (born 18 August 1964) is a British lawyer, writer and columnist. She was appointed Queen's Counsel in 2016. She was married to former British Prime Minister Boris Johnson; however, during 2018 the couple separated and later divorced in 2020.

In September 2018, Johnson and Wheeler announced that they had separated "some time ago", following continuing allegations of marital infidelity against Johnson.  It was also announced that divorce proceedings had started.

In July 2019, after Johnson became Prime Minister, Wheeler became the Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

In August 2019, Wheeler revealed that she was diagnosed with cervical cancer and is currently cancer-free.

## Infobox (prime ministerial spouse)

- **office**: Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- **predecessor**: Philip May
- **primeminister**: Boris Johnson
- **successor**: Carrie Symonds
- **term label**: Tenure
- **term start**: July, 24, 2019
- **term end**: 2020
- **birth name**: Marina Claire Wheeler
- **birth place**: West Berlin, West Germany
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **children**: 4
- **father**: Charles Wheeler (journalist), Charles Wheeler
- **education**: European School, Brussels I
- **alma mater**: Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Michael Jayston

**Michael James** (29 October 1935 – 5 February 2024), known professionally as **Michael Jayston**, was an English actor. He played The Valeyard in the 1986 _Doctor Who_ serial _The Trial of a Time Lord_. He also played in a radio version of the novel _You Only Live Twice_ in 1990, performing James Bond. He also appeared in the BBC comedy series _Only Fools and Horses_ in 1996, playing Raquel's father. Jayston lived in Hove, Sussex. He died on 5 February 2024, at the age of 88, following a short illness.

## Other websites

- Michael Jayston in Jane Eyre

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Michael Jayston
- **birth name**: Michael A. James
- **birth place**: Nottingham, England
- **death place**: Hove, England
- **alma mater**: Guildhall School of Music and Drama
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1962–2024
- **notable works**: _Doctor Who_ (1986)
_Only Fools and Horses_ (1996)
- **children**: 5
Eugene Scalia

**Eugene Scalia** (born August 14, 1963) is an American lawyer and politician. He was the 28th United States Secretary of Labor from September 30, 2019 until January 20, 2021. He was a partner in the Washington, D.C. office of the law firm Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher.

He is a son of late U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia.

In July 2019, Scalia was nominated by President Donald Trump to become the next United States Secretary of Labor. He was confirmed on September 26, 2019 with a 53–44 vote.

## Other websites

- Official law firm biography

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Eugene Scalia
- **office**: 28th United States Secretary of Labor
- **image**: Eugene Scalia.jpg
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **term start**: September 30, 2019
- **term end**: January 20, 2021
- **deputy**: Patrick Pizzella
- **predecessor**: Alexander Acosta
- **successor**: Marty Walsh (politician), Marty Walsh
- **office1**: United States Solicitor of Labor
- **president1**: George W. Bush
- **term start1**: January 11, 2002
- **term end1**: January 17, 2003
- **predecessor1**: Howard M. Radzely
- **successor1**: Howard M. Radzely
- **birth place**: Columbus, Ohio, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **relatives**: Antonin Scalia (father)
- **education**: University of Virginia (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of Chicago (Juris Doctor, JD)
University of Pennsylvania (Master of Business Administration, MBA)
Joseph Maguire

**Joseph Maguire** (born August 14, 1951) is an American military personnel. He was the acting Director of National Intelligence from August 2019 to February 2020. He was also the Director of the National Counterterrorism Center from December 2018 to August 2019.

He retired from the United States Navy as a Vice Admiral in 2010 after 36 years of military service. He was  the Deputy Director for Strategic Operational Planning at National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC).

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Joe Maguire
- **image**: Joseph Maguire official photo.jpg
- **office**: Director of National Intelligence
- **status**: Acting
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **term start**: August 16, 2019
- **term end**: February 20, 2020
- **predecessor**: Dan Coats
- **successor**: Richard Grenell (acting)
- **office1**: Director of the
National Counterterrorism Center
- **president1**: Donald Trump
- **term start1**: December 27, 2018
- **term end1**: August 16, 2019
- **predecessor1**: Russell Travers (acting)
- **successor1**: Russell Travers (acting)
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **education**: Manhattan College (Bachelor of Science, BS)
Naval Postgraduate School (Master of Science, MS)
- **rank**:  Vice admiral (United States), Vice Admiral
- **serviceyears**: 1974−2010
- **commands**: United States Naval Special Warfare Command
Patrick Pizzella

**Patrick Pizzella** (born May 19, 1954) is an American politician. He is the United States Deputy Secretary of Labor since April 2018. He was formerly a member of the Federal Labor Relations Authority appointed by President Barack Obama. With the resignation of Alexander Acosta, Pizzella was the acting United States Secretary of Labor from July 20, 2019 until September 30, 2019.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Patrick Pizzella
- **image**: Patrick Pizzella, acting secretary.jpg
- **office**: 36th United States Deputy Secretary of Labor
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **term start**: April 17, 2018
- **term end**: January 20, 2021
- **predecessor**: Chris Lu
- **successor**: Julie Su
- **office1**: United States Secretary of Labor
- **status1**: Acting
- **president1**: Donald Trump
- **term start1**: July 20, 2019
- **term end1**: September 30, 2019
- **predecessor1**: Alexander Acosta
- **successor1**: Eugene Scalia
- **office2**: Member of the Federal Labor Relations Authority
- **president2**: Barack Obama
Donald Trump
- **term start2**: November 12, 2013
- **term end2**: December 31, 2017
- **predecessor2**: Thomas Beck
- **successor2**: James T. Abbott
- **office3**: United States Department of Labor, United States Assistant Secretary of Labor for Administration and Management
- **president3**: George W. Bush
- **term start3**: May 9, 2001
- **term end3**: January 20, 2009
- **predecessor3**: Patricia Watkins Lattimore
- **successor3**: T. Michael Kerr
- **birth place**: New Rochelle, New York, New Rochelle, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: M. J. Jameson
- **education**: University of South Carolina (Bachelor of Science, BS)
Chris Pilkerton

**Christopher Michael Pilkerton** is an American lawyer and politician. He was the acting Administrator of the Small Business Administration from April 2019 through January 2020. He was an assistant director of Law and Public Policy at the Catholic University of America and a Senior Counselor to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Chris Pilkerton
- **image**: Chris Pilkerton official photo.jpg
- **office**: Administrator of the Small Business Administration
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **deputy**: Althea Coetzee
- **status**: Acting
- **term start**: April 13, 2019
- **term end**: January 7, 2020
- **predecessor**: Linda McMahon
- **successor**: Jovita Carranza
- **birth name**: Christopher Michael Pilkerton
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: Fairfield University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Catholic University of America, Catholic University (Doctor of Jurisprudence, JD)
Columbia University (Master of Public Administration, MPA)
Israeli Liberal Party

The **Israeli Liberal Party** (, _Miflaga Libralit Yisraelit_) was a political party that was active in Israel in the 1950s and 60s. The Liberals were created by an alliance of the Progressive Party and the General Zionists. The Liberal party was generally fiscally conservative but in other issues were normally left-centrist. In 1963, the Liberals joined with Menachem Begin and the Herut party to become Gahal.
Sniper Elite

The **Sniper Elite series** is a series of stealth-based World War II third-person shooter video games with special attention placed on long-distance bullet physics. In these games, players need to pay attention to how far their enemies are, the effective range of their sniper rifles, and how hard the wind is blowing, since all of these will affect where the player's bullets will hit. Most of the levels are about the player going to the vantage point (the best place for a sniper to kill his or her target), killing or destroying his or her target, and evacuating the area.

Players will need to use stealth throughout the levels, since the player can die with just a few hits. If players fire their rifles when there are loud noises in the background, the player can kill enemy soldiers without other soldiers noticing. However, the player must be careful to hide dead bodies or shoot when no one is watching, since dead bodies will alert other enemy soldiers and make them harder to hit. If the player holds his or her lungs, the in-game time will slow down and there will be a marker that shows where the bullet will hit. The games have an X-ray feature that shows where the bullets hit the enemy and how the bullets injure enemies. Points are awarded based on how far the player is, where the player hits the enemy, and whether other enemy soldiers notice the player killing them.

Along with a sniper rifle, the player can also carry a pistol, a submachine gun, and explosives. Some pistols have a suppressor so that the player can kill enemies without being heard, others do not, so the player must be careful when choosing his or her weapons. Submachine guns are best used in emergency close-quarters firefights, but the player must be careful not to waste ammo. Explosives can be used to lay traps for the enemy or protect the player from being flanked.

In some of the games, there are DLC levels where the player is sent to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
Jumpscare

A **jumpscare** is a way to scare the audience using sudden, loud noises and/or quick visual changes. It is not only used in horror movies, but also in many video games as well. They are often criticized, with people saying it is a cheap and/or lazy way to scare the audience.
Calcium sulfide

**Calcium sulfide** is a chemical compound made of one calcium atom and one sulfide atom. It has the chemical formula CaS. It is white and forms cubes.

It has a high melting point of 2,525 Celsius (4,577 °F; 2,798 Kelvin), and decomposes upon contact with water.
John Millington Synge

**Edmund John Millington Synge** (16 April 1871 – 24 March 1909) was an Irish playwright, poet, prose writer, travel writer and collector of folklore. He is best known for his play _The Playboy of the Western World_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Millington Synge
- **image**: John Millington Synge.jpg
- **caption**: John Millington Synge
- **birthname**: Edmund John Millington Synge
- **birth place**: Rathfarnham, County Dublin, Ireland
- **death place**: Elpis Nursing Home, Dublin, Ireland
- **occupation**: Novelist, short story writer, playwright, poet, essayist
- **nationality**: Irish people, Irish
- **known for**: Drama, prose, fictional prose
- **movement**: Irish Folklore, Folklore
Irish Literary Revival
Typhoon Francisco (2019)

**Typhoon Francisco** was a typhoon that devastated Japan, especially Kyushu, and South Korea. It was the next typhoon after Typhoon Wutip of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season.

## Meteorological History

On August 1, a tropical depression formed east of the Mariana Islands and got the name 10W. The depression rapidly began intensifying while moving NW and became a tropical storm. When 10W became a tropical storm is got the name Francisco. Over time, Francisco continued intensifying while moving towards Japan. Francisco gradually strengthened over the next few days becoming a severe tropical storm with 65 mph winds and a pressure of 985. Francisco continued to move when it the Bonin Islands. The storm moved towards Japan and after 12 hours it became a typhoon. Typhoon Francisco made landfall in Japan on August 6 early in the morning. Typhoon Francisco weakened down to a tropical storm but, is said to make landfall in South Korea as well.

### Japan

In anticipation of coastal flooding, 20,020 people were evacuated from Kokuraminami-ku and Moji-ku. Striking Kyushu as a typhoon, Francisco brought heavy rain and strong winds to much of the island. Rainfall accumulations exceeded  in Nobeoka and  in Saiki. A maximum wind gust of  was observed at Miyazaki Airport. Two people suffered injury after being knocked over by strong winds.

### Korean Peninsula

Heavy rainfall will also be a concern across South Korea as Francisco tracks northward through Wednesday.

Busan and southeast South Korea were the first to be impacted by Francisco with nearly 75 mm (3 inches) of rain falling in less than 10 hours on Tuesday.

Rainfall of 75-150 mm (3-6 inches) is expected across the eastern half of the country with 25-75 mm (1-3 inches) in west-central locations and less than 25 mm (1 inch) in western parts of the country, including Seoul.

Francisco will remain a tropical depression as it moves into the Sea of Japan (East Sea) late Wednesday.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Typhoon Francisco
- **basin**: Wpac
- **year**: 2019
- **image**: Francisco 2019-08-05 1710Z.jpg
- **caption**: Typhoon Francisco making landfall in Japan
- **formed**: August 1, 2019
- **dissipated**: Present
- **10-min winds**: 70
- **1-min winds**: 75
- **pressure**: 970
- **fatalities**: None reported
- **damages**: Unknown
- **affected**: Japan, Korean Peninsula
- **cycloneseason**: 2019 Pacific typhoon season
Michael E. Krauss

**Michael E. Krauss** (15 August 1934 – 11 August 2019) was an American linguist and educator. He was the founder and long-time head of the Alaska Native Language Center. The Alaska Native Language Archive is named after him. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He was known for being an expert on the Eyak language which became extinct in 2008. Krauss focused on raising awareness of the global problem of endangered languages.

Krauss died at his son's home in Needham, Massachusetts on 11 August 2019, just four days before his 85th birthday.
Needham, Massachusetts

**Needham** is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. It is a suburb of Boston. Its population was 32,091 in 2020. It is home to the Olin College, an engineering school.

In 2005, Needham became the first city in the United States to raise the age to legally buy tobacco products to 21.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 12.7 square miles (32.9 km²), of which 12.3 square miles (31.9 km²) is land and 0.4 square miles (1.1 km²) is water.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Needham, Massachusetts
- **image skyline**: NeedhamMA TownHall.jpg
- **imagesize**: 260px
- **image caption**: Town Hall
- **image seal**: Needham Seal.png
- **image flag**: Flag of Needham, Massachusetts.jpg
- **image map**: Norfolk County Massachusetts incorporated and unincorporated areas Needham highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Norfolk County in Massachusetts
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Massachusetts, County
- **subdivision name2**: Norfolk County, Massachusetts, Norfolk
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1680
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1711
- **named for**: Needham Market
- **area total km2**: 32.9
- **area total sq mi**: 12.7
- **area land km2**: 31.9
- **area land sq mi**: 12.3
- **area water km2**: 1.1
- **area water sq mi**: 0.4
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **settlement type**: New England town, Town
- **population total**: 32,091
- **population density sq mi**: 2,609.4
- **elevation m**: 49
- **elevation ft**: 162
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, Eastern
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, Eastern
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **website**: [http://www.needhamma.gov/ www.needhamma.gov]
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 02492 and 02494
- **area code**: Area code 781, 781
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 25-44105
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0618325
- **pushpin map**: Massachusetts#USA
Ningali Lawford

**Ningali Josie Lawford** (1967 – 11 August 2019) was an Australian actress. She was known for her roles in the movies _Rabbit-Proof Fence_ (2002), _Bran Nue Dae_ (2009), and _Last Cab to Darwin_ (2015). In 2016, she was nominated for the AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. Lawford was born in Wangkatjungka, Western Australia.

Lawford died while on tour in Edinburgh, Scotland on 11 August 2019 when she suffered an asthma attack. She was 52.
Hussein Salem

**Hussein Salem** (); (11 November 1933 – 13 August 2019) was an Egyptian-Spanish businessman. He was the co-owner of the East Mediterranean Gas Company (EMG). He was an ally and advisor to former president Hosni Mubarak. He was also the chairman and CEO of HKS Group, a hospitality company that operates Maritim Jolie Ville Resort in Sharm El Sheikh.

He was described as "one of the most secretive businessmen in Egypt". He was known as the "Father of Sharm El Sheikh" due to his resort development activities.

## Infobox (person)

- **caption**: Hussein Salem
- **birth name**: حسين سالم
- **birth date**: 11 November 1933
- **birth place**: Cairo, Egypt
- **death place**: Madrid, Spain
- **nationality**: Egyptian, Spain, Spanish
- **known for**: Business mogul, relationship with Hosni Mubarak, investigated for corruption and squandering public money
- **occupation**: Jolie Ville Resort owner, East Mediterranean Gas Company co-owner
Fisher Stevens

**Fisher Stevens** (born **Steven Fisher**; November 27, 1963) is an American actor, director, producer and writer. He is best known for his roles of Ben Jabituya in _Short Circuit_, Chuck Fishman on the 1990s television series _Early Edition_, and villainous computer genius Eugene "The Plague" Belford in _Hackers_. He also starred as Roger, Phoebe Buffay's love interest.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Fisher Stevens at screening of Before the Flood (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Stevens in 2016
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **birth name**: Steven Fisher
- **occupation**: Actor, director, producer, writer
- **years active**: 1981–present
Aldgate

**Aldgate** is a district within Central London. It is in the City of London. Aldgate was the eastern-most gateway through London Wall to Whitechapel.
Jisoo

**Kim Ji-soo** (; born January 3, 1995) is a South Korean singer, actress, and model. She goes by the mononym Jisoo. She is known for being a member of Blackpink, which as of 2019 is the highest-charting female K-pop group. Jisoo is also well known as a model in advertisements in South Korea, including for LG. She has also appeared in a few television series. Jisoo is well known on social media in South Korea, with 38.2 million followers.

Jisoo was born in South Korea on 3 January 1995. In 2011, she joined YG Entertainment as a trainee. Later she became a member of Blackpink. In 2015, she made her first appearance as an actress.

In 2023, she released her single-album, _Me_.

## Discography

- _Me_ (2023)

## Other websites

- Blackpink official website

## Infobox (korean name)

- **child**: yes
- **title**: Korean name
- **rr**: Gim Ji-su
- **mr**: Kim Chisu


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **years active**: 2016–present
- **background**: solo_singer
- **origin**: Seoul, South Korea
- **instrument**: Vocals


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jisoo
- **image**: 171001 코리아 뮤직 페스티벌 블랙핑크 (5).jpg
- **caption**: Jisoo performing with Blackpink in October 2017
- **native name**: 김지수
- **native name lang**: ko
- **birth place**: South Korea
- **signature**: Signature of Jisoo.svg
Cat café

A **Cat Café** is a café for drinking coffee with cats. You can watch and play with cats. There are often desserts such as cookies or cake. The food is often in a separate area from the cats.

## History

The world's first Cat Café started in Taipei. The name was "Cat Flower Garden". The idea was from Japan. The first Japanese one was "Neko no Jikan" in Osaka.

## Geography

Asian Cat Cafés are special because they are popular. European Cat Cafés are special because they take cats from shelters. Cat Cafés are new in North America, South America and Oceania.
Mohammad Azharuddin

**Mohammad Azharuddin** is a politician who was a cricketer before he became a poltician. He was the captain of the Indian cricket team in the 1990's.

## Early life and education

Azharuddin was born in Hyderabad. He completed his undergraduate studies and earned a degree in commerce from Nizam College, Osmania University.

## Infobox (cricketer)

- **name**: Mohammad Azharuddin
- **caption**: Mohammad Azharuddin
- **fullname**: Mohammad Azharuddin
- **birth place**: Hyderabad, Telangana
India
- **nickname**: Azhar, Ajju, Azzu
- **family**: Mohammad Asaduddin (son)
- **batting**: Right-handed batsman
- **bowling**: Right-arm seam bowling
- **role**: Batsman (cricket), Batsman
- **international**: true
- **country**: India
- **testcap**: 169
- **testdebutagainst**: England
- **testdebutdate**: 31 December
- **testdebutyear**: 1984
- **lasttestagainst**: South Africa
- **lasttestdate**: 2 March
- **lasttestyear**: 2000
- **odicap**: 51
- **odidebutagainst**: England
- **odidebutdate**: 20 January
- **odidebutyear**: 1985
- **lastodiagainst**: Pakistan
- **lastodidate**: 3 June
- **lastodiyear**: 2000
- **club1**: Hyderabad cricket team
- **year1**: 1981–2000
- **year2**: 1983–2001
- **club2**: South Zone cricket team
- **year3**: 1991–1994
- **club3**: Derbyshire County Cricket Club
- **columns**: 4
- **column1**: Test cricket, Test
- **column2**: One Day International, ODI
- **column3**: First-class cricket, FC
- **column4**: List A cricket, LA
- **matches1**: 99
- **matches2**: 334
- **matches3**: 229
- **matches4**: 433
- **runs1**: 6,216
- **runs2**: 9,378
- **runs3**: 15,855
- **runs4**: 12,941
- **bat avg1**: 45.08
- **bat avg2**: 36.92
- **bat avg3**: 51.98
- **bat avg4**: 39.33
- **100s/50s1**: 22/21
- **100s/50s2**: 7/58
- **100s/50s3**: 54/74
- **100s/50s4**: 11/85
- **top score1**: 199
- **top score2**: 153*
- **top score3**: 226
- **top score4**: 161*
- **deliveries1**: 13
- **deliveries2**: 552
- **deliveries3**: 1432
- **deliveries4**: 827
- **wickets1**: 0
- **wickets2**: 12
- **wickets3**: 17
- **wickets4**: 15
- **bowl avg1**: –
- **bowl avg2**: 98.44
- **bowl avg3**: 46.23
- **bowl avg4**: 47.26
- **fivefor1**: –
- **fivefor2**: 0
- **fivefor3**: 0
- **fivefor4**: 0
- **tenfor1**: –
- **tenfor2**: 0
- **tenfor3**: 0
- **tenfor4**: 0
- **best bowling1**: –
- **best bowling2**: 3/19
- **best bowling3**: 3/36
- **best bowling4**: 3/19
- **catches/stumpings1**: 105/-
- **catches/stumpings2**: 156/–
- **catches/stumpings3**: 220/–
- **catches/stumpings4**: 200/–
- **source**: http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/26329.html ESPNcricinfo
- **date**: 13 February
- **year**: 2009
Frederick County, Maryland

**Frederick County** is a county in the state of Maryland. It has an area of 667 square miles.
Pig Goat Banana Cricket

***Pig Goat Banana Cricket*** (also abbreviated as ***PGBC***) is an American animated television series. It was created by Dave Cooper and Johnny Ryan for Nickelodeon. The series is about the title quartet. It was first broadcast on July 16, 2015. It was broadcast after the 2015 Kids' Choice Sports.

On June 25, 2015, Nickelodeon renewed _Pig Goat Banana Cricket_ for a second season. The last episodes of the series were aired in 2018.

### PGBC

- Pig - a dimwitted pig who is obsessed with pickles.
- Goat - a musical goat who is an overachiever.
- Banana - a short banana who is often grumpy.
- Cricket - an intelligent cricket who is smart.

### Season 1

1. "Adopnical Dincamil"
1. "The Windmill"
1. "Famous Slimes"
1. "A Great Habitat"
1. "Good Tares"
1. "Takes!"
1. "A Club for a Play"
1. "Enderman's Litterbug"
1. "Lunch"
1. "TV of Catts"
1. "Enderman and the  Balloon"
1. "Time Trouble"
1. "Zombie's Sick Day"
1. "Zombie and the Large "
1. "Tiny Trucks"
1. "The World That Spells"
1. "Tech"
1. "Out of Order"
1. "Hey are the Peeps"
1. "Fish of Missions"
1. "Lucky Enderman"
1. "Hands and Hooves Time"
1. "Zombie's Lip Lop Adventure"

### Season 2

1. Blinking
1. Cars
1. Famous Zombies
1. Child Bump
1. Seasides
1. The Everything Of Christmas

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Comedy
- **creator**: Dave Cooper
Johnny Ryan
- **developer**: David Sacks
Johnny Ryan
- **based on**: _Pig Goat Banana Mantis!_ (2012)
- **theme music composer**: David Burns
- **opentheme**: _Pig Goat Banana Cricket_
- **composer**: David Burns
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **network**: Nickelodeon (2015–16)
 Nicktoons (American TV channel), Nicktoons (2016–18)
- **producer**: Louis J. Cuck
- **editor**: Joelle Kristy
- **company**: Nickelodeon Animation Studio
Yeson Entertainment
Ánima Estudios
(Overseas animation services)
- **num series**: 2
- **num episodes**: 40
- **list episodes**: List of Pig Goat Banana Cricket episodes
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
Tabun (nerve agent)

**Tabun** is a nerve agent. It was the first of the G-series nerve agents, and called **GA**.

The chemical substance is a solid at 25 degrees Celsius, at standard atmosphere (a pressure).

## History

It was developed in 1936 by the German chemist Gerhard Schrader. He was responsible for the I.G. Farben (Leverkusen) work on pesticides. From 1942 Tabun was industrially produced. It was filled in bombs and shells for the Wehrmacht in WWII, but not used.

Its potential was known from
the 1900s because of technical publications.
Lever-action firearms

**Lever-action firearms** are guns that hold multiple bullets and are loaded by pulling and pushing a lever at the bottom of the gun.

Lever-action rifles first became important weapons during the American Civil War. Two rifles made during this time were the Henry and Spencer rifles. They fired much more quickly and could be loaded much faster than muzzleloading rifles. However, their use was limited because many generals felt that the ability to shoot many bullets without reloading would cause soldiers to shoot with less accuracy. However, after the Civil War, lever-action guns became much more popular. They were popular with not just soldiers, but also with hunters and even civilians. They were so popular that the most famous lever-action rifle, the Winchester Model 1873, was called "the gun that won the West".

Both the militaries of the United States and the Russian Empire used lever-action guns often until the beginning of the 20th century. Even though lever action guns can fire much faster than bolt-action rifles (lever-actions can fire 2 rounds a second in skilled hands,) the bolt-action rifle was chosen to be the main gun for most infantry. This was because bolt-action rifles could easily be fired when soldiers are lying on the ground, but lever-actions cannot do so easily.

Lever-action guns were made for many different types of bullets, both pistol and rifle bullets. Most lever-action guns are rifles, but there are also lever-action shotguns as well. The most famous of these are the Winchester Model 1887.
Winchester Model 1887

The **Winchester** **Model 1887** is a lever-action shotgun invented by John Browning. It was one of the first successful repeating shotguns. When the repeating rifle became more popular in the decades after the American Civil War, the need for a shotgun that could hold more than just two shotgun shells at a time also grew. Using the same lever action used in repeating rifles, John Browning created the Model 1887. While it was popular at the time it was first made, its popularity quickly went away after John Browning invented the first pump-action shotgun a few years later.

Even though it quickly lost its popularity in the real world, it is still a popular gun shown in movies and video games. It was the gun of choice for characters Kyle Reese and the T-800 in the _Terminator_ movies. It was also one of the most popular guns used in the video game _Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2_.
Gatling gun

The **Gatling gun** is a machine gun that has many barrels that fire bullets by turning the barrels around in a circle. It was the first machine gun ever made. It was first used by the Union Army during the American Civil War. Although it was very powerful, it was not much used because it cost a lot of money and was heavy.  It was used more often in other wars during the second half of the 19th century. It was used in the Anglo-Zulu War, the Boshin War, and the Spanish-American War. Early in the 20th century armies stopped using it because other machine guns were better.

The Minigun is based on the Gatling gun. The Gatling gun is a machine gun, but it is not called an automatic weapon because a user must continue to crank it instead of merely holding down the trigger. Still it was very useful in the wars.
Consumer Reports

**Consumer Reports** (**CR**) is a nonprofit organization focused only on unbiased product testing, investigative journalism, consumer-focused research, public education, and consumer advocacy.

Founded in 1936 as Consumer Union, CR was created to serve as an information source that consumers could use to help assess product performance and safety. Since that time, CR has continued its testing and analysis of products and services, and advocate for the consumer in legislative and rule-making areas. Consumer Reports helped advocate for seat belt laws, the dangers of cigarettes, and recently, the growth of consumer finance protection and the growth of consumer access to better health care. The organization has also expanded its scope to a set of digital platforms.

The organization’s headquarters, including its 50 testing labs, is in Yonkers, New York, while its cars are tested at a track site in East Haddam, Connecticut. CR is funded by subscriptions to its magazine and website, as well as through independent grants and donations. Marta L. Tellado is the current CEO of Consumer Reports. She joined the organization in 2014, with the goal of expanding its engagement and advocacy efforts.

Consumer Reports' website and magazine writes reviews and comparisons of consumer products and services based on reporting and results from its in-house testing laboratory and survey research center. CR accepts no advertising, and has no shareholders as a nonprofit organization. It also publishes general and targeted product/service buying guides. Consumer Reports pays for all the products it tests through common ways citizens buy products and services. They do this through secret, anonymous shoppers.

Only paid subscribers can access its website ConsumerReports.org, in its entirety. ConsumerReports.org writes updates on product availability, and adds new products to already existing test results. In addition, the online data includes features that is not in the magazine; for example, vehicle reliability (frequency of repair) tables online show the full 10 model years reported in the Annual Questionnaires, but the magazine has only a six-year history of each model.

Consumer Reports also allows the creators of the product to improve its product before Consumer Reports publishes its final results.

## Infobox (non-profit)

- **name**: Consumer Reports
- **image**: Consumer Reports logo 2016.svg
- **type**: Nonprofit organization
- **founder**: Arthur Kallet
Colston Warne
- **location**: 101 Truman Avenue
Yonkers, New York 10703
- **key people**: Marta Tellado, President (corporate title), President
- **revenue**: $241.7 million (2017)
- **num employees**: 592 (2019)
Plymouth Fury

The **Plymouth Fury** is an American car produced by Plymouth of Chrysler from the 1959 to 1978 model years.

It is a full-size from 1959 to 1961, mid-size from 1962 to 1964, again full-size from 1965 to 1974 and again mid-size from 1975 to 1978.

The **Plymouth Sport Fury** is a top-model of the Fury made from 1959 and 1962 to 1971.

The **Plymouth VIP** is a luxury version of the Fury made from 1966 to 1969.

The Plymouth Fury was succeeded by the Plymouth Gran Fury in the late 1970s.

A 1958 Plymouth Fury was famous for the 1983 horror movie Christine.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Plymouth Fury
- **image**: File:1959 Plymouth Sport Fury photo-13.JPG
- **caption**: 1959 Plymouth Sport Fury
- **manufacturer**: Plymouth (automobile), Plymouth (Chrysler)
- **aka**: Plymouth Sport Fury
(1959, 1962–1971)
Plymouth VIP
(1966–1969)
- **production**: 1959–1978
- **model years**: 1959–1978
- **assembly**: Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, Lynch Road Assembly (1955-1978)
 Windsor, Ontario, Canada
(1959-1978)
- **class**: Full-size (1959–1961)
Mid-size (1962–1964)
Full-size (1965–1974)
Mid-size (1975–1978)
- **layout**: FR layout
- **predecessor**: Plymouth Belvedere
Plymouth Plaza
Plymouth Savoy
- **successor**: Plymouth Gran Fury (full-size for 1975 to 1977, and 1980 to 1989)
Plymouth Gran Fury, Plymouth Caravelle (Canada)
- **sp**: us
Jim Marsh (basketball)

**James Marsh** (April 26, 1946 – August 12, 2019) was an American professional basketball player. He played for the National Basketball Association (NBA) for one season. He played college basketball at the University of Southern California. Marsh played professionally for the Portland Trail Blazers of the NBA from 1971 to 1972.

Marsh was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 2004. He died on August 12, 2019 in Portland, Oregon at the age of 73.