juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
I've Been Expecting You

***I've Been Expecting You*** is the second studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 26 October 1998.

## Track listing

- All the production done by Guy Chambers and Steve Power.

- MVC stores in the UK offered a free bonus CD with the purchase of either _Life Thru a Lens_ or _I've Been Expecting You_ during Christmas 1999. The album did not contain any unreleased material, but contained twenty-one previously released B-sides and demos from both eras.

**Notes**

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: I've Been Expecting You
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Robbie Williams
- **released**: 26 October 1998
- **recorded**: 1998
- **studio**: Trident Studios, Trident, Abbey Road Studios, Abbey Road, Bath Street, Wheeler End, Angel Recording Studios, Angel, Battery Studios, Battery and Jacob, London
- **length**: 75:58
75:09 <small>(2002 reissue)</small>
- **label**: Chrysalis Records, Chrysalis
- **producer**: *Robbie Williams, Robert Williams (Executive producer, exec.)
*Guy Chambers
*Steve Power
- **prev title**: Life thru a Lens
- **prev year**: 1997
- **next title**: The Ego Has Landed
- **next year**: 1999
Islamic State – Khorasan Province

**ISIS-K** (Arabic: الدَّوْلَةُ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةُ  وِلَايَةُ خُرَاسَانَ) is a branch of the Islamic State militant group active in Asia, mostly in Afghanistan. ISIS-K's goal is to overthrow governments in the Khorasan province and form a Islamic state under Islamic law. The group formed from a merger of 137 militant groups who then went to join the Al-Nusra Front and later returned back to the Khorasan area to spread Islam and do jihad in the area.

## Infobox (war faction)

- **name**: Islamic State – Khorasan Province
- **native name**: الدَّوْلَةُ الْإِسْلَامِيَّةُ  وِلَايَةُ خُرَاسَانَ
- **native name lang**: ar
- **war**: the Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), War in Afghanistan
- **image**: Islamic State – Khurasan Province.svg
- **caption**: Logo of the Islamic State's Khorasan Province
- **active**: 26 January 2015–present
- **leaders**: **Wali**:
*Hafiz Saeed Khan <small>(2015 – Jul 2016)</small>
*Abdul Haseeb Logari <small>(2016 – Apr 2017)</small>
*Abdul Rahman Ghaleb <small>(Apr–Jul 2017)</small>
*Abu Saad Erhabi <small>(Jul 2017 – Aug 2018)</small>
*Abu Omar al-Khorasani <small>(Aug 2018 – Apr 2019)</small>
*Mawlawi Aslam Farooqi <small>(Apr 2019 – Apr 2020)</small>
*Shahab al-Muhajir <small>(Apr 2020 – Present)</small>
**Known leaders:**
*Sultan Aziz Azam
*Maulawi Rajab
*Maulawi Habib ur Rahman
*Dawood Ahmad Sofi
*Ishfaq Ahmed Sofi
*Mohamed Zahran
*Mufti Nemat
*Qari Hekmat
- **headquarters**: Achin District, Afghanistan (_de facto_, originally)
- **allies**: **Subgroups**

**Groups**
- **opponents**: **Non-state opponents**
* Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
* Turkistan Islamic Party
* Jamaat Ansarullah
* al-Qaeda

**State opponents**
*
*  Pakistan
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
- **battles**: Operation Khyber
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
* Nangarhar offensive (2016), Nangarhar offensive
* Mohmand Valley raid
* Islamic State–Taliban conflict
* Balkhab uprising
- **size**: 4,000–6,000 (UN)
Glutinous rice

**Glutinous rice** (_Oryza sativa var. glutinosa_; also called **sticky rice**, **sweet rice** or **waxy rice**) is a type of rice grown mainly in Southeast and East Asia, and the northeastern regions of South Asia. It  has opaque grains, very low amylose content. It is especially sticky when cooked. It is widely eaten in Asia.

It is called glutinous () in the sense of being glue-like or sticky. It does not contain gluten. While often called _sticky rice_, it differs from non-glutinous strains of japonica rice, which also become sticky to some degree when cooked. There are numerous cultivars of glutinous rice, which include _japonica_, _indica_ and _tropical japonica_ strains.

## Cultivation

Glutinous rice is grown in Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Northeast India, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the Philippines. About 85% of Lao rice production is of this type.

As of 2013, approximately 6,530 glutinous rice varieties were collected from five continents (Asia, South America, North America, Europe, and Africa) where glutinous rice is grown for preservation at the International Rice Genebank. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) has described Laos as a "collector's paradise". Laos has the largest biodiversity of sticky rice in the world. IRRI-trained collectors gathered more than 13,500 samples and 3,200 varieties from Laos.
Tajine

A **tajine** or **tagine** is a North African dish, named after the earthenware pot in which it is cooked. It is also called  or .

## Pottery

The traditional Tajine pottery, sometimes painted or glazed, is in two parts. There is a circular base unit that is flat with low sides and a large cone- or dome-shaped cover that sits on the base during cooking. The cover is designed to return all condensation to the bottom. That process can be improved by adding cold water into the specially designed well at the top of the lid.

Tajine is traditionally cooked over hot charcoal leaving enough space between the coals and the tajine pot to stop the temperature rising too quickly. Large bricks of charcoal are used, because they stay hot for hours. It can be cooked in a slow oven or on a gas or electric stove top, on the lowest heat necessary to keep the stew simmering gently. A diffuser, a circular utensil is placed between the tajine and the flame. That distributes the stove's heat evenly. European manufacturers have created tajines with heavy cast-iron bottoms. They can be heated on a cooking stove to a high temperature for browning the meat and vegetables before cooking.

Tajine cooking may be done using a slow cooker.  Many ceramic tajines are decorative items as well as functional cooking vessels. Some tajines are intended only to be used as decorative serving dishes.

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Tajine
- **image**: ZnuTjn2a.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: A vegetable tajine dish as served in a London restaurant
- **alternate name**: Tagine
- **region**: Maghreb
- **type**: Stew or casserole
Jamiyah

**Jamiyah** (Arabic: جَاَمِيَ) means gathering in the Arabic language. It is also used to refer to the book Al-Jami'a or used to refer to a masjid. It is also used to refer to the western style university while madrasa is used to refer to an Islamic style university.
Monogram

A **monogram** is a style of design created by combining and overlapping two or more letters to form one single symbol.

## History

Monograms were first used on coins from as early as 350 BC. The earliest known examples are of the names of Greek cities which issued the coins, often the first two letters of the city's name. For example, the monogram of Achaea consisted of the letters alpha (Α) and chi (Χ) joined together.

Monograms have been used as signatures by artists and craft workers on paintings, sculptures and pieces of furniture.
Méchoui

**Méchoui** or ***Meshwi*** is a whole sheep or lamb spit-roasted on a barbecue in Maghrebi cooking. The word comes from the Arabic word _šawā_ (, "grilling, roasting"). This dish is very popular in North Africa.

In Algeria and Morocco, the term _méchoui_ "refers to the method of cooking a lamb or a sheep cooked whole on the spit".

In Tunisia  it means any piece of meat or fish grilled over a fire.

## Preparation

All the internal organs of the lamb are removed from the body apart from  the kidneys. The body is stitched up after being sprinkled with spices, particularly ras el hanout.  The lamb is skewered on a tree branch and cooked next to a wood fire. It is rotated slowly and evenly so as to ensure evenly distributed cooking.

The prepared lamb is not placed directly above the fire. Melting fat could catch fire. The cooking is started gently, so that the interior cooks almost at the same time as the outside. During cooking, the meat is brushed with melted butter or oil, to make it crispy. Gradually, the lamb is brought close to the hot fire, so that the flesh takes on an amber color. The cooking time varies according to the weight of the animal, typically about a quarter of an hour per kilogram.

## Presentation

Méchoui is a dish served at the beginning of the meal, as part of a feast or _diffa_. With the fingers of the right hand, the host takes pieces of grilled meat and offers them to  guests. Traditionally, no cutlery is used to serve a mechoui, because, due to the slow cooking, the meat should be able to detach without any effort.

The nomadic populations, in addition to their main herd often composed of several thousand sheep, raise a small number of male lambs specifically for mechoui, feeding them with _cheih_, a species of wild mugwort which gives the lamb a distinctive character.
Dew Drop Diaries

***Dew Drop Diaries*** is an animated preschool television series which made ran from July 24 to December 4, 2023. It is produced by The K Entertainment Company for DreamWorks Animation Television, produced in collaboration with TeamTO.
Think I Need It Too

"**Think I Need It Too**" is a 2009 song by Echo & the Bunnymen and is the leading single from their 11st studio album _The Fountain_. It did not chart at all in the United Kingdom of in Scotland.

## Track listing

1. "Think I Need It Too (Album Version)" – 3:41
1. "November (Album Version)" – 4:04

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Think I Need It Too
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Echo & the Bunnymen
- **album**: The Fountain
- **released**: 28 September 2009
- **recorded**: Parr Street Studios, Liverpool
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **length**: 3:41
- **label**: Ocean Rain
- **writer**: Ian McCulloch (singer), Ian McCulloch, John McLaughlin, Simon Perry, David Thomas, Will Sergeant
- **producer**: John McLaughlin, Ian McCulloch, Simon Perry
- **prev title**: Scissors in the Sand
- **prev year**: 2006
Police duty belt

A **police duty belt** is a belt, typically made of nylon or leather used by police, prison and security officers to carry equipment easily in a series of pouches attached to the belt. The equipment that an officer can carry on his belt varies by country, but generally consists of gun, handcuffs, baton, flashlight, pepper spray, taser, gloves or magazines for the gun.

The first police belts began to be used at the beginning of the 20th century.
Fajr 3

The **Fajr 3** is a Iranian missile and it is a modification of the North Korean M 1985. It was created in the 1990s and has been given to Hizbullah and Hamas' military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: Fajr 3
- **image**: Fajr-3 (1).jpg
- **caption**: A Fajr 3 on a Mercedes 2631 chassis in 2018, followed by its predecessor, the M 1985.
- **origin**: Iran
- **type**: Rocket artillery
- **is ranged**: yes
- **is bladed**: no
- **is artillery**: yes
- **is vehicle**: yes
- **service**: 1996–present
- **used by**: Iran
- **wars**: 2006 Lebanon War
- **manufacturer**: Shahid Bagheri Industrial Group
- **production date**: 1990 or 1996 – ?
- **weight**: 15,000 kg (launcher)
 45 kg (HE content)
 90 kg (warhead)
 407 kg (rocket)
- **length**: 10 m (launcher)
5,200 mm (rocket)
- **width**: 2.5 m (launcher)
- **height**: 3.34 m (launcher)
- **caliber**: 240 mm
- **rate**: 4–8 seconds
12 rounds in 48-96 seconds (est)
- **max range**: 43 km
- **elevation**: 0 to 57 degrees
- **traverse**: 90 degrees left/100 degrees right
- **diameter**: 240mm
- **filling**: HE
- **filling weight**: 45 kg
- **engine**: 280 hp, V-8 liquid-cooled, diesel engine
- **speed**: 60 km/h (road)
25 km/h (off-road)
Mandinka (song)

"**Mandinka**" is a 1987 song by Irish singer Sinéad O'Connor and is the second single from her debut studio album _The Lion and the Cobra_. It went to number 17 in the United Kingdom, number 18 in New Zealand, number 6 in Ireland, number 39 in Australia, number 33 in Canada and number 24 in the Netherlands.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Mandinka
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Sinéad O'Connor
- **album**: The Lion and the Cobra
- **released**: December 1987
- **recorded**: 1986–87
- **genre**: * Indie rock
* post-punk
* New wave music, new wave
- **length**: 3:46
- **label**: Chrysalis Records, Chrysalis
- **writer**: Sinéad O'Connor
- **producer**: Sinéad O'Connor
Kevin Mooney
- **prev title**: Troy (song), Troy
- **prev year**: 1987
- **next title**: Nothing Compares 2 U
- **next year**: 1990
12P/Pons-Brooks

**12P/Pons-Brooks** is a comet.

In [some] languages it is known as a Devil's comet.
Objects in the Rear View Mirror May Appear Closer Than They Are

"**Objects in the Rear View Mirror May Appear Closer Than They Are**" is a 1994 song by Meat Loaf and is the third single from his sixth studio album _Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell_. It went to number 26 in the United Kingdom and Canada, number 69 in Scotland, number 38 in the United States, number 32 in New Zealand, number 20 in Iceland and number 52 in Australia. The music video was directed by Michael Bay. It is the only non-bracketed single to have 52 characters in the song title.

## Infobox (song)

- **type**: single
- **artist**: Meat Loaf
- **album**: Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell
- **b-side**: * "Two Out of Three Ain't Bad" (live) (North America)
* "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through" (live) (Europe)
- **studio**: Ocean Way Recording (Los Angeles)
- **length**: * 10:15 (main version)
* 5:55 (single edit)
- **label**: * Music Corporation of America, MCA (North America)
* Virgin Records, Virgin (Europe and Japan)
- **writer**: Jim Steinman
- **producer**: Jim Steinman
- **prev title**: Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through
- **prev year**: 1994
- **next title**: I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth), I'd Lie for You
- **next year**: 1995
Friends (Elton John song)

"**Friends**" is a 1971 song by Elton John and is the title track to the 1971 movie _Friends_. It was included on the soundtrack album. It went to number 34 in the United States, number 13 in Canada, number 19 in New Zealand, number 96 in Australia, number 12 in France and number 5 in Italy.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Friends
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Elton John
- **album**: Friends (film soundtrack), Friends
- **b-side**: Honey Roll
- **released**: 10 March 1971
- **recorded**: September 1970
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **length**: 2:20
- **label**: Uni Records, Uni
- **writer**: *Elton John
*Bernie Taupin
- **producer**: Gus Dudgeon
- **prev title**: Your Song
- **prev year**: 1970
- **next title**: Levon (song), Levon
- **next year**: 1971
National symbols of Zimbabwe

The **National symbols of the Republic of Zimbabwe** are the symbols that are used to represent the Zimbabwean people proper and abroad to represent the country and its people.

## Zimbabwean symbols

||Symbol|Image|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Coat of arms of Zimbabwe|||
|Flag of Zimbabwe|||
|National flower of Zimbabwe _Gloriosa superba_ Floral emblem of Zimbabwe _Gloriosa superba_|||
|National plant of Zimbabwe _Encephalartos concinnus_|||
|National tree of Zimbabwe _Guibourtia coleosperma_ Botanic emblem of Zimbabwe _Khaya anthotheca_|||
|National bird of Zimbabwe _Terathopius ecaudatus_ Avifaunae emblem of Zimbabwe _Terathopius ecaudatus_|||
|National animal of Zimbabwe _Hippotragus niger_|||
|National fruit of Zimbabwe _Uapaca kirkiana_|||
Bateleur

The **Bateleur** (_Terathopius ecaudatus_) is a medium-sized eagle in the family Accipitridae. It is often considered a relative of the snake eagles and, like them, it is classified within the subfamily Circaetinae. It is the only member of the genus _Terathopius_ and may be the origin of the "Zimbabwe Bird", the national emblem of Zimbabwe.
Katherine Oppenheimer

**Katherine Vissering** "**Kitty**" **Oppenheimer** ( **Puening**; August 8, 1910 – October 27, 1972) was a German American biologist and botanist. She was a member of the Communist Party of America until leaving in the 1930s. She was known for being married to J. Robert Oppenheimer, the director of the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II.

Oppenheimer died on October 27, 1972 while traveling in Panama City, Panama from a pulmonary embolism, aged 62.

She was played by Emily Blunt in Christopher Nolan's 2023 movie _Oppenheimer_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Katherine Oppenheimer
- **image**: Katherine (Kitty) Oppenheimer ID badge photo.jpg
- **caption**: Wartime Los Alamos identification badge photo, c. 1944
- **birth name**: Katherine Vissering Puening
- **birth place**: Recklinghausen, German Empire
- **death place**: Panama City, Panama
- **death cause**: Pulmonary embolism
- **education**: University of Pittsburgh
University of Pennsylvania (Bachelor of Science, BS)
- **party**: Communist Party of America, Communist (until 1930s)
- **partner**: Joe Dallet, Joseph Dallet Jr.
(1934–1937)
- **children**: 2
Fluorescein

**Fluorescein** is an organic compound and dye. It is based on xanthene and belongs to triarylmethine dye family.

It is available as a dark orange/red powder and used in water and alcohol. It is widely used as a fluorescent tracer. The color of its solutions is green by reflection and orange by transmission.
Mario Prada

**Mario Prada** was born in the Kingdom of Italy in Milan and later passed away in 1958 in Italy. He was renowned as the founder and original designer of the iconic fashion label Prada. Established in 1913, Prada became synonymous with high fashion, offering a range of luxury goods for both men and women, such as shoes, handbags, luggage, and leather items. Notably, Mario Prada is also the grandfather of Miuccia Prada, who later became a prominent figure in the fashion world herself.
Static web page

A **static web page** is a type of web page that is pre-made and does not change, unless someone updates the code or content of the page manually. This means that when you visit a static web page, you will always see the same thing, assuming nothing has been changed on the server where the page is hosted.

Static web pages are made up of fixed content that is written in basic computer languages such as HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). These languages allow designers to create the layout, structure, and appearance of the page. JavaScript can also be used to add interactive features, but overall, static web pages have limited functionality compared to dynamic web pages.

## Advantages of static web pages

1. They are generally faster to load than dynamic web pages because they do not require any processing by the server before being sent to the user's browser.
1. They are easier to create and maintain since they don't rely on complex programming scripts or databases.
1. Static websites are more secure since there is no risk of vulnerabilities from third-party software or plugins.
1. Hosting costs tend to be lower due to reduced resource requirements.

## Disadvantages of static web pages

1. Limited interactivity; users cannot submit forms or personalize their experience without additional technologies like cookies or session storage.
1. Difficulty updating multiple pages simultaneously - each page must be updated individually.
1. Lack of scalability; adding new features may require significant rework of existing files.
1. Content management systems (CMS) cannot be easily integrated into a purely static site, making it harder to manage large amounts of content.

In summary, while static web pages offer some benefits, particularly around speed, simplicity, and security, they lack the flexibility and advanced capabilities found in modern dynamic websites. However, they remain an appropriate choice for simple sites with minimal needs.
Kannadigas

The **Kannadigas** are an ethnic group native to the Indian state of Karnataka. They speak Kannada language, which is one of the oldest and richest languages in India. Kannada is also the official language of Karnataka.

Kannadigas have a long and proud history that goes back thousands of years. Ancient kingdoms like the Kadambas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas and Vijayanagara Empire were ruled by Kannada-speaking people. These kingdoms supported art, literature, music and architecture, which helped Kannada culture grow strong.

Kannadigas live mostly in Karnataka, but many also live in other parts of India and around the world. They celebrate many festivals like Dasara, Ugadi, Deepavali and Kambala, which reflect their rich traditions. Food, music, folk dance and classical art forms are important parts of their culture.

Kannada literature is known for its depth and beauty. Many Kannada writers have received awards, including Jnanpith Awards, which are India’s highest literary honors. Famous poets and authors like Kuvempu, Bendre and U. R. Ananthamurthy are respected across India.

Kannadigas have contributed to many fields, including science, cinema, sports and politics. They are known for their strong cultural identity, love for their language and respect for tradition and education.
Thieboudienne

***Tiep*** or ***thieb*** is a traditional dish from Senegambia.  It  is also eaten in Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Mali and Mauritania. It is the national dish in Senegal. The version of tiep called ***thieboudienne*** or ***chebu jen***  is made with fish, broken rice and tomato sauce cooked in one pot. There are also ***tiep yappa*** (with meat) and ***tiep ganaar*** (with chicken). Other ingredients often include onions, carrot<nowiki/>s, cabbage, cassava, hot pepper, lime and peanut oil, and stock cubes.

## History

Tiep is thought to have come from Saint-Louis, in the nineteenth century. The name of the dish comes from Wolof words meaning 'rice' () and 'fish' (). In Pulaar it is known as  ('rice and fish'). It is served on large trays with the rice on the bottom and the fish, usually white grouper (_Epinephelus aeneus_), and the vegetables, many of them whole, in the center.

## Serving

Traditionally it is eaten in a large shared dish with the hand. It is also the symbol of Senegalese _terranga_ (hospitality). Family, visiting friends and guests gather around a single dish (called a _bolus_) from which everyone eats using a spoon (_couddou Pulaar_) or a piece of bread.

## Other websites

- Senegal Travel Guide, World Travel Guide
- agricultural situation country report, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service,Mbalo Ndiaye,2007
- Food and daily life, Our Africa
- Duffy, Megan, "Ceeb ak Jën: Deconstructing Senegal’s National Plate in Search of Cultural Values" (2009). _Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection_. Paper 669.

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Tiep
- **variations**: Meat
- **minor ingredient**: Vegetables
- **main ingredient**: Fish and rice
- **type**: Main dish
- **maxtime**: 4h
- **mintime**: 2h
- **country**: Senegal
- **alternate name**: Ceebu jën
- **caption**: Ceebu jen
Journal of Political Ideologies

The ***Journal of Political Ideologies*** is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering political ideologies. It publishes three times a year. It was established by Michael Freeden and first published in 1996. The journal is included in Scopus.

## References

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## Infobox (journal)

- **title**: Journal of Political Ideologies
- **discipline**: Political science
- **editor**: Mathew Humphrey
- **publisher**: Routledge
- **history**: 1996-present
- **frequency**: Triannually
- **issn**: 1356-9317
- **eissn**: 1469-9613
- **lccn**: 96660831
- **oclc**: 300119434
- **website**: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cjpi20
- **link1**: http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cjpi20/current
- **link1-name**: Online access
- **link2**: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cjpi20
- **link2-name**: Online archive
Escapology (album)

***Escapology*** is the fifth studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 18 November 2002.

## Track listing

- All the songs produced by Guy Chambers and Steve Power.

### Weekly charts

|Chart (2002–03)|Peak position|
| --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|style="text-align:center;"|40|
|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|align="center"|7|
|style="text-align:center;"|8|
|align="center"|11|

### Year-end charts

|Chart (2002)|Position|
| --- | --- |
|align="center"|22|
|align="center"|22|
|align="center"|29|
|align="center"|78|
|align="center"|10|
|align="center"|17|
|align="center"|16|
|align="center"|102|
|align="center"|26|
|align="center"|8|
|align="center"|14|
|align="center"|16|
|align="center"|22|
|align="center"|17|
|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|align="center"|16|
|Chart (2003)|Position|
| --- | --- |
|align="center"|9|
|align="center"|1|
|align="center"|18|
|align="center"|24|
|align="center"|2|
|align="center"|1|
|align="center"|2|
|align="center"|5|
|align="center"|29|
|align="center"|4|
|align="center"|60|
|align="center"|8|
|align="center"|28|
|align="center"|38|
|align="center"|10|
|align="center"|27|
|Chart (2004)|Position|
| --- | --- |
|align="center"|56|
|align="center"|75|

### Decade-end charts

|Chart (2000–2009)|Position|
| --- | --- |
|align="center"|45|
|style="text-align:center;"|5|
|style="text-align:center;"|22|

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Escapology
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Robbie Williams
- **released**: 18 November 2002
- **recorded**: 2001–2002
- **studio**: *Capitol Studios, Capitol, Hollywood
*AIR Studios, AIR, London
*Mayfair Studios, Mayfair, London
*Conway, Los Angeles
*O'Henry Sound, Burbank
*Angel Recording Studios, Angel, London
- **genre**: Pop rock
- **length**: 73:55
- **label**: EMI Records, EMI
- **producer**: * Guy Chambers
* Steve Power
- **prev title**: Swing When You're Winning
- **prev year**: 2001
- **next title**: Live at Knebworth
- **next year**: 2003
National symbols of Uruguay

The **State symbols of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay** are the symbols that are used to represent the Uruguayan people proper and abroad to represent the country and its people.

## Uruguayan symbols

||Symbol|Image|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Coat of arms of Uruguay|||
|Flag of Uruguay|||
|National flower of Uruguay _Erythrina crista-galli_|||
|National tree of Uruguay _Erythrina crista-galli_|||
|National plant of Uruguay _Cortaderia jubata_|||
|National bird of Uruguay _Vanellus chilensis lampronotus_|||
|National animal of Uruguay _Leopardus colocola munoai_|||
|National fruit of Uruguay _Vaccinium myrtillus_|||

### Related pages

- National symbols of Paraguay
Rudebox

***Rudebox*** is the seventh studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 23 October 2006.

## Track listing

**Notes**
- "Rudebox" contains elements of the composition "Boops (Here to Go)" as written by Bill Laswell, Carl Aiken, Bootsy Collins, Sly Dunbar and Robbie Shakespeare.

### Weekly charts

|Chart (2006)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Australian Albums (ARIA)|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)|style="text-align:center;"|3|
|Danish Albums (Hitlisten)|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)|style="text-align:center;"|2|
|Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|French Albums (SNEP)|style="text-align:center;"|3|
|German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|Hungarian Albums (Mahasz)|style="text-align:center;"|3|
|Italian Albums (FIMI)|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|Mexican Albums (AMPROFON)|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|Polish Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|23|
|Portuguese Albums (AFP)|style="text-align:center;"|5|
|Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)|style="text-align:center;"|4|
|Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)|style="text-align:center;"|2|
|Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|UK Albums (OCC)|style="text-align:center;"|1|

### Year-end charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2006)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|23||||
|17||||
|42||||
|50||||
|25||||
|81||||
|22||||
|62||||
|18||||
|36||||
|scope="col"|Chart (2007)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|65||||
|83||||
|70||||

## Other websites

- Official web page
- Rudebox details in cosmopolis.ch

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Rudebox
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Robbie Williams
- **recorded**: November 2005 – August 2006, Los Angeles
- **genre**: Dance music, Dance
- **length**: 74:44
- **label**: Chrysalis Records, Chrysalis
- **producer**: * Candy Flip, Soul Mekanik
* Mark Ronson
* Pet Shop Boys
* Brandon Christy & Craig Russo
* William Orbit
* Dave Lee (DJ), Joey Negro
* Jerry Meehan
- **prev title**: Intensive Care (album), Intensive Care
- **prev year**: 2005
- **next title**: Reality Killed the Video Star
- **next year**: 2009
National symbols of Yemen

The **National symbols of the Muslim-Majority Republic of Yemen** are the symbols that are used to represent the Yemeni peoples proper and abroad to represent the country and its people's.

## Yemeni symbols

||Symbol|Image|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Coat of arms of Yemen Eagle of Saladin _Aquila chrysaetos homeyeri_|||
|Flag of Yemen|||
|National flower of Yemen _Coffea arabica_ Floral emblem of Yemen _Jasminum sambac_|||
|National tree of Yemen _Vachellia seyal_ Botanic emblem of Yemen _Dracaena cinnabari_|||
|National bird of Yemen _Crithagra rothschildi_ Hawk of Quraish _Falco cherrug_|||
|National animal of Yemen _Panthera pardus nimr_|||
|National fruit of Yemen _Punica granatum_|||

### Related pages

- National symbols of Egypt
- National symbols of Iran
- National symbols of Syria
- National symbols of Somalia
- National symbols of Pakistan
Take the Crown

***Take the Crown*** is the ninth studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 5 November 2012.

## Track listing

All production done by Jacknife Lee.

### Weekly charts

|Chart (2012-2013)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Croatian Albums (HDU)|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|Czech Albums (IFPI)|style="text-align:center;"|6|
|Greek Albums (IFPI)|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|Hungarian Albums (MAHASZ)|style="text-align:center;"|16|
|Icelandic Albums (Tónlist)|style="text-align:center;"|18|
|South Korean Albums (Gaon Chart)|style="text-align:center;"|9|

### Year-end charts

|Chart (2012)|Position|
| --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center;"|30|
|style="text-align:center;"|76|
|style="text-align:center;"|16|
|style="text-align:center;"|16|
|style="text-align:center;"|65|
|style="text-align:center;"|39|
|style="text-align:center;"|73|
|style="text-align:center;"|47|
|style="text-align:center;"|13|
|style="text-align:center;"|48|
|style="text-align:center;"|86|
|style="text-align:center;"|131|

## Release history

|Region|Date|Label|Format||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Ireland|rowspan="4"|2 November 2012|rowspan="3"|Universal Music|rowspan="7"|CD, digital download <small>(standard and deluxe edition)</small>|
|Australia|||||||
|Sweden|||||||
|Germany|rowspan="2"|Island|||||
|United Kingdom|5 November 2012||||||
|Mexico|rowspan="2"|6 November 2012|rowspan="2"|Universal Music|||
|Italy|||||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Take the Crown
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Robbie Williams
- **recorded**: September 2011 – August 2012
- **genre**: Pop rock
- **length**: <small>(Standard edition)</small>
 <small>(Deluxe edition bonus tracks)</small>
- **label**: * Island Records, Island
* Universal Music Group, Universal
- **producer**: Jacknife Lee
- **prev title**: Reality Killed the Video Star
- **prev year**: 2009
- **next title**: Robbie Williams: Live at the O2
- **next year**: 2012
National symbols of Turkmenistan

The **National symbols of the Muslim-Majority of Turkmenistan** are the symbols that are used to represent the Turkmen people proper and abroad to represent the country and its people.

## Turkmen symbols

||Symbol|Image|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Coat of arms of Turkmenistan|||
|National flag of Turkmenistan|||
|National flower of Turkmenistan _Rosa rugosa_|||
|National tree of Turkmenistan _Juniperus polycarpos turcomanica_|||
|National bird of Turkmenistan _Tetrao Francolinus francolinus_|||
|National animal of Turkmenistan _Equus ferus caballus turcomanicus_|||
|National fruit of Turkmenistan “Crimson Sweet” _Citrullus lanatus_|||

## Related pages

- National symbols of Pakistan
Kurixalus chaseni

The **frilled tree frog** or **Malay frilled tree frog** (_Kurixalus chaseni_) is a frog.  It lives in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. People have seen it between 0 and 500 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in forests that have never been cut down and forests that have been cut down and have had a long time to grow back. This frog lives in swamps with water that does not move. Scientists think that this frog can live in places that have been changed. People have seen this frog next to roads.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place. However, human beings cut down the forests where it lives to build farms for palm oil. Some of the places this frog lives are protected parks.
Swings Both Ways

***Swings Both Ways*** is the tenth studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 18 November 2013.

## Track listing

All tracks produced by Guy Chambers, with the exception of "Wedding Bells" which was produced by Steve Power.

### Weekly charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2013–14)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center;"|1|||
|style="text-align:center;"|26|||
|style="text-align:center;"|50|||
|style="text-align:center;"|24|||
|align=center|194|||

### Year-end charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2013)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|53||||
|3||||
|114||||
|129||||
|22||||
|2||||
|30||||
|58||||
|18||||
|4||||
|45||||
|5||||
|94||||
|53||||
|70||||

### Decade-end charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2010–2019)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|85||||

## Release history

|scope="col"|Country|scope="col"|Release date|scope="col"|Format|scope="col"|Label|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Germany|15 November 2013|rowspan="3"|CD, digital download|rowspan="3"|Island Records|||
|United Kingdom|rowspan=2|18 November 2013||||||
|United States||||||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Swings Both Ways
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Robbie Williams
- **recorded**: 2012–2013
- **studio**: Angel Recording Studios, Angel, London
- **genre**: *Swing music, Swing
*pop music, pop
- **length**: <small>(Standard edition)</small>
 <small>(Deluxe edition)</small>
- **label**: *Island Records, Island
*Universal Music Group, Universal
- **producer**: Guy Chambers
- **prev title**: Robbie Williams: Live at the O2
- **prev year**: 2012
- **next title**: Under the Radar Volume 1
- **next year**: 2014
The Heavy Entertainment Show

***The Heavy Entertainment Show*** is the eleventh studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 4 November 2016.

## Track listing

**Notes**
- signifies an additional producer

### Year-end charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2016)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|61||||
|35||||
|42||||
|113||||
|34||||
|29||||
|60||||
|29||||
|14||||
|141||||
|57||||

## Certifications

!scope="row"|Worldwide (IFPI)
|
|700,000+

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Heavy Entertainment Show
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Robbie Williams
- **caption**: Standard cover art. Digital Deluxe features the same, but with turquoise text.
- **recorded**: June 2015 – June 2016
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **length**: 40:03
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **producer**: *Guy Chambers
*Jonny Coffer
*Richard Flack
*Stuart Price
*Steve Robson
*Greg Kurstin
*Johnny McDaid
*Gary Go
- **prev title**: Under the Radar Volume 1
- **prev year**: 2014
- **next title**: Under the Radar Volume 2
- **next year**: 2017
The Christmas Present

***The Christmas Present*** is the twelfth studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was released on 22 November 2019.

### Weekly charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2019)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|53||||
|2||||
|2||||
|30||||
|31||||

|scope="col"|Chart (2020)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|18||||
|12||||
|148||||
|93||||
|20||||
|33||||
|34||||
|31||||
|27||||

|scope="col"|Chart (2021)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|11||||
|12||||

### Year-end charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2019)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|45||||
|5||||
|172||||
|79||||
|28||||
|25||||
|12||||

|scope="col"|Chart (2020)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|11||||
|37||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Christmas Present
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Robbie Williams
- **recorded**: June–September 2019
- **studio**: Los Angeles, California
Las Vegas, Nevada
London, England
Vancouver, Canada
- **genre**: Christmas music, Christmas
- **length**: 78:26
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **producer**: * Guy Chambers
* Richard Flack
- **prev title**: Under the Radar Volume 3
- **prev year**: 2019
- **next title**: XXV (Robbie Williams album), XXV
- **next year**: 2022
Paratha

**Paratha** (, also parantha) is a flatbread from the Indian subcontinent. It was mentioned in early medieval Sanskrit, India. It is common in India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Maldives, Afghanistan, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Mauritius, Fiji, Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago where wheat is the traditional staple. It is one of the most popular flatbreads in the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East.

_Paratha_ is an amalgamation of the words _parat_ and _atta_, which literally means layers of cooked dough. Alternative spellings and names include _parantha_, _parauntha_, _prontha_, _parontay_, _paronthi_ (Punjabi), _porota_ (in Bengali), _paratha_ (in Odia,Urdu, Hindi), _palata_ (; in Myanmar), _porotha_ (in Assamese), _forota_ (in Sylheti), _farata_ (in Mauritius and the Maldives), _prata_ (in Southeast Asia), _paratha_, _buss-up shut_, _oil roti_ (in the Anglophone Caribbean) and _roti canai_ in Malaysia and Indonesia.

## Infobox (prepared food)

- **name**: Paratha
- **image**: Alooparatha.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Aloo paratha
- **country**: Indian subcontinent
- **region**: Punjab
- **national cuisine**: Indian cuisine, India, Bangladeshi cuisine, Bangladesh, Fijian cuisine, Fiji, Culture of Guyana#Cuisine, Guyana, Malaysian cuisine, Malaysia, Maldivian cuisine, Maldives, Thai Cuisine, Thailand, Burmese cuisine, Myanmar, Nepali cuisine, Nepal, Pakistani cuisine, Pakistan, Middle Eastern cuisine, Middle Eastern, Singaporean cuisine, Singapore, Sri Lankan cuisine, Sri Lanka, Culture of Suriname#Cuisine, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago cuisine, Trinidad and Tobago
- **main ingredient**: Atta flour, Atta, ghee/butter/cooking oil and various stuffings
- **variations**: Aloo paratha, Roti Canai, Wrap roti
Momo (food)

**Momos** are a type of steamed filled dumpling in Tibet, Nepal,  Bhutan and India. Momos are usually served with a sauce known as achar with spices and herbs. It can also be cooked as soup versions known as jhol momo.  The broth is made from achar using a mixture of tomatoes, sesame seeds, chillies,  cumin and coriander or mokthuk from boiling pork or buffalo bones mixed with various herbs and vegetables.

## Production

A simple white-flour-and-water dough is used to make the outer covering of momos. Sometimes, a little yeast or baking soda is added to give a more doughy texture to the finished product.

Traditionally, momos were made with ground/minced meat, potatoes, and leek filling. Momos are now made with almost any combination of ground meat, vegetables, tofu, mushrooms, paneer, soft chhurpi (local hard cheese) and vegetable and meat combinations.

- Meat: Different types of meat fillings are popular in different regions. In Nepal, Tibet, Sikkim, and Bhutan common meat fillings are pork, chicken, goat and water buffalo. In the Himalayan region of Nepal and India, lamb and yak meat are more common. Minced meat is combined with any or all of the following: onions/shallots, garlic, ginger and cilantro/coriander. Some people also add finely puréed tomatoes and soy sauce.
- Vegetables: Finely chopped cabbage, carrot, soy granules, potato, flat bean (_lilva kachori_) or chayote (_iskush_) are used as fillings in Nepal.
- Cheese: Usually fresh paneer or the traditional soft chhurpi is used. This variety is common in Eastern Nepal.
- Khoa: Momos filled with milk solids mixed with sugar are popular as a dessert in the Kathmandu Valley.

The dough is rolled into small circular flat pieces. The filling is enclosed in the circular dough cover either in a round pocket or a half-moon or crescent shape. People prefer meat with a lot of fat because it produces flavourful, juicy momos. A little oil is sometimes added to the lean ground/minced meat to keep the filling moist and juicy. The dumplings are then cooked by steaming over a soup (either a stock based on bones or vegetables) in a momo-making utensil called _mucktoo_. Momos may also be pan-fried or deep-fried after being steamed.

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Momo
- **image**: momo_nepal.jpg
- **caption**: A typical serving of a plate of momos with sesame yellow sauce and red ginger chilli pickle
- **alternate name**: མོག་མོག, मःमः
- **place of origin**: Tibet, Nepal
- **associated cuisine**: Tibetan cuisine, Nepali cuisine
- **main ingredient**: White-flour-and-water dough; meat, vegetable
- **variations**: Steam-momo, Kothey momo, Jhol momo, C-momo, Fry-momo, Open-momo, fried momo, chicken-momo, veg-momo, buff-momo, cheese-momo, khuwa-momo, chocolate-momo
- **calories**: 350 to 1000 (35 to 100 per piece)
- **similar dish**: jiaozi, Jiaozi#Guotie, guotie, xiaolongbao, baozi, mantou, buuz, gyoza, Mandu (dumpling), mandu, Manti (dumpling), manti
National symbols of the Solomon Islands

The **National symbols of the Solomon Islands** are the symbols that are used to represent both the divided Solomon Islander people proper and abroad to represent the country and its people.

## Solomon Islander symbols

||Symbol|Image|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Coat of arms of the Solomon Islands|||
|Flag of the Solomon Islands|||
|National flower of the Solomon Islands _Hibiscus tiliaceus_|||
|National tree of the Solomon Islands _Metroxylon salomonense_|||
|National bird of the Solomon Islands _Ducula pacifica_ Solomon national bird _Columba vitiensis_|||
|National animal of the Solomon Islands _Eretmochelys imbricata bissa_|||
|National shark of the Solomon Islands _Galeocerdo cuvier_ National reptile of the Solomon Islands _Crocodylus porosus_|||
Paneer

**Paneer** (), also known as **panir** (), is a fresh acid-set cheese common in the Indian subcontinent. It is made from full-fat buffalo milk or cow milk. It is a non-aged, non-melting soft cheese made by curdling milk with a fruit- or vegetable-derived acid, such as lemon juice.

## Nutrition and preparation

Paneer is prepared by adding food acid, such as lemon juice, vinegar, citric acid or dahi (yogurt), to hot milk to separate the curds from the whey. The curds are drained in muslin or cheesecloth and the excess water is pressed out. The paneer is then dipped in chilled water for 2–3 hours to improve its texture and appearance. What happens next varies.

In North Indian cuisines, the curds are wrapped in cloth, placed under a heavy weight such as a stone slab for two to three hours, and then cut into cubes for use in curries. Pressing for a shorter time (approximately 20 minutes) results in a softer, fluffier cheese.

In Bengali, Odia and other East Indian cuisines, it is beaten or kneaded by hand into a dough-like consistency, heavily salted and hardened to produce paneer (called _ponir_), which is typically eaten in slices at teatime with biscuits or various types of bread, deep-fried in a light batter or used in cooking.

In the area surrounding the city of Surat in Gujarat, _surti paneer_ is made by draining the curds and ripening them in whey for 12 to 36 hours.

## Use in dishes

Paneer is the most common type of cheese used in the Indian subcontinent. It is sometimes wrapped in dough and deep-fried or served with either spinach (palak paneer) or peas (mattar paneer). Paneer dishes can be sweet, like shahi paneer, or spicy/hot, like chilli paneer.

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Paneer
- **image**: Panir Paneer Indian cheese fresh.jpg
- **caption**: Paneer
- **alternate name**: Panir, Indian cottage cheese
- **country**: Indian subcontinent
- **type**: Cheese
- **main ingredient**: full-fat milk (mostly buffalo)
- **other**: Rich source of milk protein
The Ego Has Landed

***The Ego Has Landed*** is a compilation album by English singer Robbie Williams. After his success around the world, especially in Europe, The album was released in May 1999 in the United States and Canada, and later released worldwide. All tracks were previously released on Williams' first two albums, _Life thru a Lens_ (1997) and _I've Been Expecting You_ (1998).

## Notes

Tracks 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, and 14 are from _Life thru a Lens_ (1997).

Tracks 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12, and 13 are from _I've Been Expecting You_ (1998).

"One of God's Better People" runs 3:36. After 10 minutes of silence, Williams recites a poem called "Hello Sir", addressed to a teacher who berated him for wanting to become a pop singer. This previously appeared as a hidden track on _Life thru a Lens_.

#### Year-end charts

|Chart (1999)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)|style="text-align:center;"|5|

|Chart (2000)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)|style="text-align:center;"|2|

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Ego Has Landed
- **type**: compilation
- **artist**: Robbie Williams album
- **border**: yes
- **released**: 4 May 1999
- **recorded**: 1997–1998
- **length**: 55:03
- **label**: *Capitol Records, Capitol
*Chrysalis Records, Chrysalis
- **producer**: *Robbie Williams, Robert Williams (executive producer, exec.)
*Guy Chambers
*Steve Power
- **next title**: Live at Knebworth
- **next year**: 2003
Thali

**Thali** (meaning "plate" or "tray") or **Bhojanam** (meaning "full meal") is a round platter used to serve food in South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Caribbean. Thali also means an Indian-style meal made of a selection of dishes which are served on a platter.

## Thali/Bhojanam meal

_Thali_ refers to the metal plate that a thali meal may be served on, while _Bhojanam_ refers to full meals. Thali is a popular method of serving meals in South Asia. The idea behind a thali is to offer different flavours on one single plate. According to Indian food custom, a proper meal should be a perfect balance of  six flavours. Restaurants typically offer a choice of vegetarian or meat-based thalis. Vegetarian bhojanams are very typical and commonplace in Tamil Nadu canteens

Dishes served in a thali vary from region to region in the Indian subcontinent. They are usually served in small bowls, called _katori_ in India. These katoris are placed along the edge of the round tray, the actual thali. Sometimes a steel tray with multiple compartments is used. Typical dishes include rice, dal, vegetables, roti, papad, yogurt, small amounts of chutney or pickle, and a sweet dish. Rice or roti is the usual main dish that occupies the central portion of the thali. Side dishes like vegetable curries are lined in a circle around the thali. The thali has food from the region. In general, a thali begins with different types of breads such as puris or chapatis (rotis) and different vegetarian specialities (curries). In South India and Southeast Asia, rice is the only staple served with bhojanams. Thalis or Bhojanams are sometimes referred to by the regional characteristic of the dishes they contain. For example, one may encounter Andhra bhojanam, Nepalese thali, Rajasthani thali, Gujarati thali, Maharashtrian thali, Manipuri chakluk, Tamil unavu and Thai unavu. In many parts of South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Caribbean, the bread and the rice portions are not served together in the thali. Typically, the bread is offered first with rice being served afterwards, often in a separate bowl or dish.