juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Reggie White

**Reginald Howard "Reggie" White** (December 19, 1961 – December 26, 2004) was an American football player who is now in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.  He is well known for being a Evangelical Christian minister. This led to his nickname, "the Minister of Defense."

## Other websites

- Packers.com: Reggie White
- Reggie White Gravesite

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **position**: Defensive end
- **number**: 92, 91
- **birth place**: Chattanooga, Tennessee
- **death place**: Cornelius, North Carolina
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lbs**: 300
- **suppdraftyear**: 1984 NFL Supplemental Draft of USFL and CFL players, 1984
- **suppdraftround**: 1 / Pick: 4
- **high school**: Howard School of Academics and Technology, Howard
(Chattanooga, Tennessee)
- **college**: Tennessee Volunteers football, Tennessee
- **pastteams**: * Memphis Showboats (1984 USFL season, 1984–1985 USFL season, 1985)
* Philadelphia Eagles (–)
* Green Bay Packers (–)
* Carolina Panthers ()
- **highlights**: * Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl XXXI, XXXI)
* 13× Pro Bowl (1987 Pro Bowl, 1986–1999 Pro Bowl, 1998)
* 10× First-team All-Pro (1986 All-Pro Team, 1986–1993 All-Pro Team, 1993, 1995 All-Pro Team, 1995, 1998 All-Pro Team, 1998)
* 3× Second-team All-Pro (1994 All-Pro Team, 1994, 1996 All-Pro Team, 1996, 1997 All-Pro Team, 1997)
* 2× NFL Defensive Player of the Year (1987, 1998)
* 3× UPI NFC Defensive Player of the Year, NFC Defensive Player of the Year (1987, 1991, 1995)
* 2× List of NFL season sacks leaders, NFL sacks leader (1987, 1988)
* First-team All-United States Football League, USFL (1985 USFL season#Awards, 1985)
*Green Bay Packers#Packers Hall of Fame, Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame
* Philadelphia Eagles#Eagles Hall of Fame, Philadelphia Eagles Hall of Fame
* NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team
* NFL 1990s All-Decade Team
* NFL 1980s All-Decade Team
* Philadelphia Eagles#Retired numbers, Philadelphia Eagles No. 92 retired
* Green Bay Packers#Retired numbers, Green Bay Packers No. 92 retired
* Southeastern Conference football individual awards, SEC Player of the Year (1983)
* Unanimous College Football All-America Team, All-American (1983 College Football All-America Team, 1983)
* First-team All-Southeastern Conference, SEC (1983 All-SEC football team, 1983)
* Tennessee Volunteers football#Retired numbers, Tennessee Volunteers No. 92 retired
* Bart Starr Award (1992)
- **statlabel1**: Quarterback sack, Sacks
- **statvalue1**: 198.0
- **statlabel2**: Forced fumbles
- **statvalue2**: 33
- **statlabel3**: Interceptions
- **statvalue3**: 3
- **statlabel4**: Touchdowns
- **statvalue4**: 2
- **nfl**: WHI419940
- **hof**: reggie-white
- **collegehof**: 2076
Charley Patton

**Charlie Patton** (also known as **Charley Patton**) (May 1, 1891 - April 28, 1934) was an American Delta blues musician. He is thought to be the "Father of Delta Blues" and was one of the most popular of the early recorded blues musicians.

## Trivia

Musical releases and his gravestone spell his name “Charley” even though the musician himself spelled his name "Charlie."

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Charlie Patton
- **img capt**: Charley Patton (1928)
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Edwards, Mississippi
- **death place**: near Indianola, Mississippi
- **genre**: Blues
- **occupation**: Musician
- **years active**: 1916-1934
Drop

A **drop** is a small bit of liquid, such as water, which is held together by surface tension.
It is normally thought of as falling.
Something that is dropping can sometimes be called dripping.
Drops are often circular in shape, and sometimes when light is refracted through them, it makes a rainbow effect. Rain is an example of when drops fall. Drops are also like bubbles, except they hold liquid instead of a gas, like air.

## References

ps:څاڅکې
Brindle

**Brindle** is a fur coloring in animals. It mainly appears on dogs, cats, cattle, and sometimes horses. The brindle color is similar to the stripes of a tiger, but much less visible. Animals with a brindle-colored coat are said to be **brindled**.
Interactive fiction

**Interactive Fiction**, usually abbreviated as **IF**, is a kind of computer game. In interactive fiction, the player types words with their keyboard, as an instruction to the main character of a story. One instruction might be:

_take lamp_

Which would make the main character pick up a lamp.
Football League First Division

The **Football League First Division** was a football league. It was the first division of English football between 1888 and 1992. When the Premier League was created in 1992, it became the 2nd division. It was rebranded as the Football League Championship in 2004.

## Number of teams

|width=85|Years|width=75|Number of teams|width=45|Total seasons|width=30|Level|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**1888-1891**|**12**|**3**|1|||||
|**1891-1892**|**14**|**1**|1|||||
|**1892-1898**|**16**|**6**|1|||||
|**1898-1905**|**18**|**7**|1|||||
|**1905-1915**|**20**|**10**|1|||||
|align=center|**1919-1939** **1946-1987**||align=center|**22**||align=center|**61**||align=center|1|||||||
|**1987-1988**|**21**|**1**|1|||||
|**1988-1991**|**20**|**3**|1|||||
|**1992-2004**|**24**|**12**|2|||||

## Infobox (football league)

- **country**: England
- **other countries**: Wales
- **organiser**: English Football League, The Football League
- **founded**: 1888
- **folded**: 2004
- **promotion**: Premier League
(1992–2004)
- **relegation**: Football League Second Division, Second Division
- **level**: 1 (1888–1992)
2 (1992–2004)
- **domest cup**: FA Cup
- **league cup**: Football League Cup, League Cup
Full Members Cup
(1985–1992)
- **confed cup**: UEFA Champions League, European Cup
(1956–1985, 1991–1992)
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
(1960–1985, 1990–1999)
UEFA Europa League, UEFA Cup
(1971–1985, 1990–2004)
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
(1955–1971)
- **champions**: Leeds United F.C., Leeds United (1st tier)
(1991–92 Football League, 1991–92)
Norwich City F.C., Norwich City (2nd tier)
- **season**: 2003–04 Football League First Division, 2003–04
- **most successful club**: Liverpool F.C., Liverpool
(18 titles)
- **top goalscorer**: Jimmy Greaves (357)
Erie, Pennsylvania

**Erie** is a city in the U.S. State of Pennsylvania. It is named after Lake Erie. As of 2020, 94,831 people lived in Erie.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Erie, Pennsylvania
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Pennsylvania, City
- **named for**: Erie people
- **imagesize**: 300
- **image caption**: From top, left to right: Erie skyline; statue of Oliver Hazard Perry, Bicentennial Tower, USS Niagara (1813), US Brig _Niagara_, Boston Store (Erie, Pennsylvania), Boston Store
- **image flag**: Flag of Erie, Pennsylvania.svg
- **image seal**: CityofErie Seal.png
- **seal type**: Coat of Arms
- **nicknames**: , , ,
- **image map**: Erie County Pennsylvania incorporated and unincorporated areas Erie highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Erie County, Pennsylvania, Erie County and the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Pennsylvania
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Pennsylvania, County
- **subdivision name2**: Erie County, Pennsylvania, Erie
- **subdivision type3**: District
- **established title**: First settled
- **established title1**: Founded
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Joe Schember (D)
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader title2**: Leader 1
- **leader title3**: Leader 2
- **leader title4**: Leader 3
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 19.37
- **area land sq mi**: 19.14
- **area water sq mi**: 0.23
- **area water percent**: about 1.04%
- **elevation ft**: 728
- **population total**: 94,831
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density sq mi**: su
- **population metro**: 270,876 (Erie, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, Erie Metro)
- **population demonym**: Erieite(s)
- **timezone1**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset1**: −5
- **timezone1 dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 16501−16512, 16514−16515, 16522, 16530−16534, 16538, 16541, 16544, 16546, 16550, 16553−16554, 16563, 16565
- **area codes**: Area codes 814 and 582, 814 and 582
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 42-24000
- **area total km2**: 50.17
- **area land km2**: 49.58
- **area water km2**: 0.58
- **population density km2**: auto
Richmond, California

**Richmond** is city in the U.S. State of California. It is a suburb of San Francisco. In 2020, 116,448 people lived in Richmond. Chevron has an oil refinery here; in 2012 the refinery suffered a large fire.

Richmond is on the shore of the San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay. It is part of the East Bay region.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Richmond, California
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in California, City
- **named for**: Richmond, Virginia, U.S.
- **motto**: The City of Pride and Purpose
- **image skyline**: Richmond California aerial (cropped).jpg
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Richmond
- **image seal**: Seal of Richmond, California.png
- **image map**: Contra_Costa_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Richmond_Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Contra Costa County
- **pushpin map**: San Francisco Bay Area#USA California#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: California
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name2**: Contra Costa County, California, Contra Costa
- **government type**: Council–manager government, Council-Manager
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: August 7, 1905
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 52.51
- **area land sq mi**: 30.05
- **area water sq mi**: 22.46
- **area total km2**: 136.00
- **area land km2**: 77.84
- **area water km2**: 58.16
- **area water percent**: 42.71
- **elevation ft**: 46
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 116448
- **population rank**: Contra Costa County, California, 2nd in Contra Costa County
List of largest California cities by population, 54th in California
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 94801, 94802, 94804, 94805, 94807, 94808, 94850
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **area code**: Area codes 510 and 341, 510, 341
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS IDs
- **blank1 info**: ,
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

***Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade*** is a 1989 adventure movie directed by Steven Spielberg from a story co-written by executive producer George Lucas and starring Harrison Ford in the title role. It co-stars Sean Connery, Denholm Elliott, Julian Glover, Alison Doody, River Phoenix and John Rhys-Davies.

## Cast

- Harrison Ford as Indiana Jones
    - River Phoenix as a younger Indiana Jones
- Sean Connery as Henry Jones, Sr.
    - Alex Hyde-White as a younger Henry Jones, Sr.
- Denholm Elliott as Marcus Brody
- Alison Doody as Elsa Schneider
- John Rhys-Davies as Sallah
- Julian Glover as Walter Donovan
- Michael Byrne as Ernst Vogel

## Plot

The movie begins with a young Indiana Jones in 1912. He finds a rare artifact that he thinks belongs to a museum, but some men take it from him. In 1938, Jones is on a boat and yells, "This piece belongs into a museum!" the same thing he said before.  This time he manages to get the piece and run away before the other men can take it back.

At Marshall College, where he works, someone tells him that the Nazis are after the Holy Grail.

He and Elsa go into the library, where they find a secret passage underground. They find a tablet, which is an important part of the puzzle. While they are there, some men who want to protect the Grail set the water on fire to try to kill them.

## Related pages

- Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom
- Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
- **director**: Steven Spielberg
- **producer**: George Lucas
Robert Watts
- **writer**: **Screenplay:**
Jeffrey Boam
**Story:**
George Lucas
Menno Meyjes
- **starring**: Harrison Ford
Sean Connery
Denholm Elliott
Alison Doody
John Rhys-Davies
Julian Glover
River Phoenix
- **cinematography**: Douglas Slocombe
- **music**: John Williams
- **editing**: Michael Kahn
- **studio**: Lucasfilm, Lucasfilm Ltd
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
- **released**: May 24, 1989
- **runtime**: 127 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $48,000,000
- **gross**: **Domestic:**
$197,171,806
**Worldwide:**
$474,171,806
Jerry Rice

**Jerry Lee Rice** (born October 13, 1962 in Starkville, Mississippi) is an American retired football player. He was a wide receiver in the NFL, and is widely considered the greatest to ever play this position. He is often thought of as one of the best players in the history of the game. Most of his success was with the San Francisco 49ers.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Jerry Rice Sr
- **image**: Jerry Rice.jpg
- **caption**: Rice in 2006
- **position**: Wide receiver
- **number**: 80
- **birth place**: Starkville, Mississippi
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lbs**: 200
- **high school**: Moor High School, Moor (Oktoc, Mississippi)
- **college**: Mississippi Valley State Delta Devils football, Mississippi Valley State
- **draftyear**: 1985
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 16
- **pastteams**: * San Francisco 49ers (–)
* Oakland Raiders (–)
* Seattle Seahawks ()
* Denver Broncos ()*
- **pastteamsnote**: yes
- **highlights**: * 3× Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl XXIII, XXIII, Super Bowl XXIV, XXIV, Super Bowl XXIX, XXIX)
* Super Bowl MVP (Super Bowl XXIII, XXIII)
* NFL Most Valuable Player (1987)
* 13× Pro Bowl (1987 Pro Bowl, 1986–1997 Pro Bowl, 1996, 1999 Pro Bowl, 1998, 2003 Pro Bowl, 2002)
* 10× First-team All-Pro (1986 All-Pro Team, 1986–1990 All-Pro Team, 1990, 1992 All-Pro Team, 1992–1996 All-Pro Team, 1996)
* 2× Second-team All-Pro (1991 All-Pro Team, 1991, 2002 All-Pro Team, 2002)
* Bert Bell Award (1987)
* 2× National Football League Offensive Player of the Year Award, NFL Offensive Player of the Year (1987, 1993)
* 6× List of NFL season receiving yards leaders, NFL receiving yards leader (1986, 1989, 1990, 1993–1995)
* 2× List of NFL annual receptions leaders, NFL receptions leader (1990, 1996)
* 6× List of NFL season receiving touchdowns leaders, NFL receiving touchdowns leader (1986, 1987, 1989–1991, 1993)
* National Football League 75th Anniversary All-Time Team, NFL 75th Anniversary All-Time Team
* National Football League 1980s All-Decade Team, NFL 1980s All-Decade Team
* National Football League 1990s All-Decade Team, NFL 1990s All-Decade Team
* San Francisco 49ers#Retired numbers, San Francisco 49ers No. 80 retired
* 2× First-team Division I-AA, I-AA All-American (1983, 1984)
;NFL records
* 1,549 List of National Football League receiving yards leaders, career receptions
* 22,895 List of National Football League receiving yards leaders, career receiving yards
* 197 List of National Football League receiving touchdowns leaders, career receiving touchdowns
* 208 total touchdowns
* 23,546 List of National Football League all-purpose yards leaders, career all-purpose yards
- **statlabel1**: Reception (American football), Receptions
- **statvalue1**: 1,549
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue2**: 22,895
- **statlabel3**: Yards per reception
- **statvalue3**: 14.8
- **statlabel4**: Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue4**: 197
- **nfl**: RIC128880
- **hof**: jerry-rice
- **collegehof**: 2171
Barry Sanders

**Barry Sanders** (born ) is a Hall of Fame and Heisman Trophy winning American football running back. He played college football at Oklahoma State University, then spent all of his professional career with the Detroit Lions in the NFL. Widely recognized as the greatest running back of all time next to Emmitt Smith and if not that then definitely the best elusive back of all time.

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **image**: Barry Sanders.JPG
- **caption**: Sanders in 2010
- **position**: Running back
- **number**: 20
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 8
- **weight lbs**: 200
- **birth place**: Wichita, Kansas
- **draftyear**: 1989
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 3
- **high school**: Wichita North High School, Wichita (KS) North
- **college**: Oklahoma State Cowboys football, Oklahoma State
- **teams**: * Detroit Lions (1989 NFL season, 1989–1998 NFL season, 1998)
- **highlights**: * 10× Pro Bowl (1990 Pro Bowl, 1989–1999 Pro Bowl, 1998)
* 6× First-team All-Pro (1989 All-Pro Team, 1989–1991 All-Pro Team, 1991, 1994 All-Pro Team, 1994, 1995 All-Pro Team, 1995, 1997 All-Pro Team, 1997)
* 4× Second-team All-Pro (1992 All-Pro Team, 1992, 1993 All-Pro Team, 1993, 1996 All-Pro Team, 1996, 1998 All-Pro Team, 1998)
* NFL Most Valuable Player (1997)
* 2× NFL Offensive Player of the Year (1994, 1997)
* 2× Bert Bell Award (1991, 1997)
* 4× List of NFL rushing champions, NFL rushing yards leader (1990, 1994, 1996, 1997)
* List of National Football League season rushing touchdowns leaders, NFL rushing touchdowns leader (1991)
* NFL Offensive Rookie of the Year (1989)
* NFL 1990s All-Decade Team
* Detroit Lions#Retired numbers, Detroit Lions No. 20 retired
* Heisman Trophy (1988)
* Maxwell Award (1988)
* Walter Camp Award (1988)
* Unanimous College Football All-America Team, All-American (1988 College Football All-America Team, 1988)
- **statlabel1**: Rushing yards
- **statvalue1**: 15,269
- **statlabel2**: Yards per carry
- **statvalue2**: 5.0
- **statlabel3**: Rushing touchdowns
- **statvalue3**: 99
- **statlabel4**: Receptions
- **statvalue4**: 352
- **statlabel5**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue5**: 2,921
- **statlabel6**: Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue6**: 10
- **nfl**: SAN194381
- **pfr**: S/SandBa00
- **hof**: barry-sanders
- **collegehof**: 2129
William McGonagall

**William McGonagall** (born Edinburgh, March 1825 – died Edinburgh, 29 September 1902) was a Scottish poet.  He thought he was good at writing poetry, but his poetry was often considered to be the worst poetry in the English language.  He became famous because he was such a bad poet.

## Life and poetry

William McGonagall was born in Edinburgh, Scotland.  His family were originally Irish.  McGonagall worked as a weaver in Dundee.

In 1877, when he was probably 52 years old, he suddenly found that he liked writing poetry.  He wrote a poem about a local vicar and sent it to the Dundee Weekly News.  The editor thought it was a joke, and he published it as a jokey poem.

McGonagall continued to write poetry.  He read his poems in public and lots of people came to hear him.  However, his audience had really come to laugh at him and throw rotten vegetables at him.

Mc Gonagall's poems have stupid rhymes, the words he uses are often silly and he mixes his imagery in clumsy ways.  One of his most famous poems is about the Tay Bridge Disaster.  It tells of a real event in 1879 when the bridge over the river Tay in Scotland collapsed and a train that was going over the bridge crashed, killing many people.  Part of McGonagall's poem goes:

- _ Beautiful Railway Bridge of the Silv'ry Tay!_
- _ Alas! I am very sorry to say_
- _ That ninety lives have been taken away_
- _ On the last Sabbath day of 1879,_
- _ Which will be remember'd for a very long time._

McGonagall did not seem to realise that people thought his poems were bad.  He became disappointed that the town of Dundee did not recognize him as a great poet, so he went to Perth and then to Edinburgh.  He continued to write poetry.  He travelled to London because he had been given an invitation to meet the famous actor Sir Henry Irvine.  However, someone had been playing a trick on him: the invitation was not a real one, and he was not let into the theatre.

McGonagall wrote some poetry about London while he was there.  He wrote:

- _As I stood upon London Bridge and viewed the mighty throng_
- _Of thousands of people in cabs and busses rapidly whirling along,_
- _All furiously driving to and fro,_
- _Up one street and down another as quick as they could go...._

McGonagall was teetotal and often spoke against drinking alcohol.  He thought that his audiences did not like his poetry because they had been drinking too much.

When he died in 1902, he was a very poor man.

## McGonagall in popular culture

People still remember McGonagall's poems today and continue to make fun of them.  The comedian Spike Milligan had a character called McGoonagall in _The Goon Show_.  One episode of _The Muppet Show_ had a character called Angus McGonagle.  In the Harry Potter books, author J.K. Rowling chose the surname of the Professor of Transfiguration, Minerva McGonagall, because she had heard of McGonagall and loved the name.

There is a McGonagall Appreciation Society in McGonagall's home town of Dundee.
Gallimimus

**Gallimimus** (chicken mimic) was a fast-running dinosaur. It had a long, thin, flattened, toothless, horny beak, a small head, and a relatively large brain. _Gallimimus_ lived in the Upper Cretaceous, about 75-70 million years ago.

## Description

The bottom front part of its beak was shaped like a shovel. It had large eyes positioned on opposite sites of its head, ruling out binocular vision (depth perception). It had a long neck, long tail, and long legs. Gallimimus was about 13-20 ft (4-6 m) long, was 6.3 ft (1.9 m) tall at the hips, and may have weighed about 970 pounds (440 kg).

These were probably among the fastest of all dinosaurs. Like many other coelurosaurs, the ornithomimid hide was probably feathered rather than scaly.

## In popular culture

The dinosaur appeared on-screen, in the motion picture Jurassic Park.
Kryptonite

**Kryptonite** is a fictional element in the DC Comics universe, and one of the few items that can harm Superman, his cousin Supergirl, and his dog Krypto.

## Overview

It is depicted as a radioactive fragment from the planet Krypton, able to kill the Man of Steel while staying in contact for a long period of time. Some of its notable users are Lex Luthor and Metallo.

Kryptonite comes in many different forms, though the most infamous is Green Kryptonite. Each Kryptonite variant has vastly different properties but are in general harmful to Kryptonians.

However, Kryptonite is unique to each universe, meaning Kryptonite from Earth-1 will not work on Earth-3, Superman, or vice-versa. This came into especially great effect with Superboy-Prime, whose universe lacked Kryptonite, and thus made him one of the few Kryptonians in existence with a complete immunity to Kryptonite.

### Green Kryptonite

Green Kryptonite is the most common and iconic state of Kryptonite. It causes great discomfort and weakness in Kryptonians, as well as radiation poisoning in other life-forms. For example, Lex Luthor contracted cancer from prolonged exposure to Green Kryptonite.

### Gold Kryptonite

Gold Kryptonite has the ability to instantly depower Kryptonians. Unlike Green Kryptonite, prolonged exposure to Gold Kryptonite will permanently depower Kryptonians, and deny them the ability to gain superhuman powers. In effect, this turns them into ordinary humans.

### Red Kryptonite

Red Kryptonite changes Kryptonians personality into evil which makes him lose all inhibitions and becomes unpredictable of his actions.

### Black Kryptonite

Black Kryptonite causes Kryptonians to split into two different entities, one embodying the "evil" side of the personality.

## Prominent uses

- Metallo's heart is usually made from Green Kyptonite.
- Reactron has had a Kryptonite heart, similar to Metallo, for some time, however his is usually of the more dangerous Gold Kryptonite.
- Green Kryptonite has been fashioned into Kryptonite Bullets and Kryptonite Knives.
- The Laughing Dragon was a statue made out of Green Kryptonite.
- Injustice Batman utilized a Gold Kryptonite Dagger to try and stop Injustice Superman.
- Firestorm is shown to be capable of creating Kryptonite via molecular manipulation.
- In most Superman or Supergirl boss encounters in DC Online, the player-villain will use Green Kryptonite to weaken the heroes, and allow them to be fought.
- Almost all Superman villains (Lex Luthor, Kryptonite Man, Kryptonite Woman, etc.) have this as their motive, which is due to it being one of the few things capable of harming Superman.

## In other media

The material has been adapted to many forms of media, including toys, movies, television shows, and video games.
Jefferson County, Alabama

**Jefferson County** is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama.

The county was named after Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States. The county has the largest population of any county in Alabama. As of the 2020 U.S. census, 674,721 people lived there. The largest city in Jefferson County is Birmingham, Alabama.

## History

Jefferson County was created by the Alabama legislature on December 13, 1819, 42 years before the American Civil War.

## Bankruptcy

Jefferson County was spending more than its total revenue, so it sold bonds to finance its operating deficits.  Normally, governments sell bonds to borrow money to build infrastructure. But Jefferson County borrowed money to put off tax increases or service reductions. Jefferson County worked with Wall Street banks (such as J.P. Morgan) to sell the bonds and to make interest rate swaps on its debt. These financial deals happened in 2002 and 2003 while the economy was healthy. People who purchase bonds want to know the source of the money to pay back the bonds. So, Jefferson County used its sewer system fees to back its bonds. The county sold $3.14 billion in sewer bonds. It also paid the banks millions of dollars of fees for their help in selling the bonds and setting up the county's debt.

By 2011, Jefferson County could no longer borrow more money and its total revenues fell because of the bad economy. So, the county went to Wall Street and asked them to forgive $1 billion of the debt.  After months of talking, the county and the banks were $130 million apart from a final agreement. The banks wanted the county to raise sewer rates to cover the missing money.  The county wanted the banks to forgive more debt.

On November 9, 2011, the county gave up and filed for bankruptcy. Jefferson County became the subject of the most expensive municipal bankruptcy ever in the United States, at $4.1 billion, with debts of $3.14 billion relating to sewer work. This means that a court will decide what the county owes. Under bankruptcy, people who loaned money to the county will not get all of their money back.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Jefferson County
- **state**: Alabama
- **founded year**: 1819
- **founded date**: December 13
- **seat wl**: Birmingham
- **largest city wl**: Birmingham
- **area total sq mi**: 1124
- **area land sq mi**: 1111
- **area water sq mi**: 13
- **area percentage**: 1.1
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 674721
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: jeffconline.jccal.org/
- **ex image**: Jefferson County Courthouse Birmingham Nov 2011 02.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Jefferson County Courthouse in Birmingham
- **named for**: Thomas Jefferson
The Other Wind

***The Other Wind*** is the sixth and last of a series of books that are written by Ursula K. Le Guin. It follows on from _Tehanu_, the fourth book, and the short story "Dragonfly" from the fifth book _Tales from Earthsea_.

The book won the World Fantasy Award for Best Book in 2002, and was also nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Book in the same year.

## Other websites

- A review of The Other Wind

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Other Wind
- **author**: Ursula K. Le Guin
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **series**: Earthsea (book series), Earthsea
- **genre**: Fantasy fiction, Fantasy
- **published**: 2001 (Harcourt (publisher), Harcourt Brace & Company)
- **media type**: Print (hardcover & paperback)
- **pages**: 246
- **isbn**: 0-15-100684-9
- **dewey**: 813/.54 21
- **congress**: PS3562.E42 O84 2001
- **oclc**: 46777444
- **preceded by**: Tales from Earthsea
The Lathe of Heaven

***The Lathe of Heaven*** is a 1971 science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin. The story is about a character whose dreams change the world. It has been made into two television films.  The book was put up for a Hugo Award and a Nebula Award, and won the Locus Poll Award for best book in 1972.  It was first written in the magazine Amazing Stories.

## Infobox (book)

- **author**: Ursula K. Le Guin
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Science fiction
- **publisher**: Avon Books
- **release date**: 1971
- **media type**: Print (Hardcover & Paperback)
- **pages**: 184 pp
- **awards**: Locus Award for Best Novel (1972)
- **isbn**: 0-684-12529-3
- **oclc**: 200189
The Eye of the Heron

***The Eye of the Heron*** is a 1978 science fiction book by Ursula K. Le Guin.

## Awards

- 1979, Locus Award, Best SF Novel category, 21st place.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Eye of the Heron
- **title orig**: Originally published in the _Millennial Women_ anthology
- **author**: Ursula K. Le Guin
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Science fiction, utopian and dystopian fiction, social science fiction, feminist science fiction
- **publisher**: Dell Publishing, Delacorte Press
- **release date**: 1978
- **media type**: Print (hardback & paperback)
- **pages**: 192
- **isbn**: 0-89340-651-1
- **oclc**: 12449108
Malafrena

***Malafrena*** is a book by Ursula K. Le Guin that was published in 1979 .  The novel takes place in the country of Orsinia, which is also the setting of Le Guin's 1976 story collection, _Orsinian Tales_.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Malafrena
- **author**: Ursula K. Le Guin
- **cover artist**: Michael Mariano
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Fantasy literature
- **publisher**: Berkley Publishing Corporation
- **pub date**: 1979
- **media type**: Print (Hardcover and Paperback)
- **pages**: 369 (First edition)
- **isbn**: 0-399-12410-1
- **isbn note**: (First edition, hardcover)
- **dewey**: 813/.5/4
- **congress**: PZ4.L518 Mal 1979 PS3562.E42
- **oclc**: 4805125
Jesse James

**Jesse Woodson James** (September 5, 1847 – April 3, 1882) was an American outlaw. He was the most famous member of the James-Younger Gang in 1875. He was shot in the back of the head and killed by Robert Ford, a member of his gang for a $10,000 bounty that was placed on James by then-Missouri governor Thomas T. Crittenden.

## Other websites

- Official website for the Family of Jesse James

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jesse James
- **image**: Jesse James.jpg
- **birth name**: Jesse Woodson James
- **birth place**: Clay County, Missouri, United States, USA
- **death place**: St. Joseph, Missouri, United States, USA
- **known for**: Banditry
- **spouse**: Zerelda Mimms
- **children**: Jesse E. James
Mary James Barr
Jesse James (disambiguation)

**Jesse James** (1847-1882) was an American outlaw.

Other people named **Jesse James**:

- Jesse James (actor) (born 1989), American actor
- Jesse G. James (born 1969), motorcycle builder
- Jesse James Burke, son of mobster James Burke
- Jesse James Hollywood (born 1979), criminal
- Brian Gerard James (born 1969), professional wrestling stagename of Jesse James

**Jesse James** can also mean:

- _Jesse James_ (movie), a 1939 movie
- _Jesse James_ (Lucky Luke), a _Lucky Luke_ comic title

## Related pages

- _The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford_, a 2007 movie
Pensacola Christian College

**Pensacola Christian College** (**PCC**) is an accredited, fundamentalist, Independent Baptist college in Pensacola, Florida. It was started in 1974 by Arlin Horton.

It is accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools since 2013.

## Other websites

- Pensacola Christian College official site
- Christianity Today: College Pays Millions in Taxes

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Pensacola Christian College
- **image**: PensacolaChristian.jpg
- **caption**: Entrance to campus
- **motto**: "Strength Truth Beauty"
- **established**: 1974
- **type**: Private
- **president**: Arlin Horton
- **staff**: 1,500
- **undergrad**: 4,712
- **city**: Pensacola
- **state**: Florida
- **country**: United States
- **athletics**: NCCAA Division I South
- **nickname**: Eagles
- **mascot**: Eagle
- **website**: [http://www.pcci.edu/ www.pcci.edu]
Moody Bible Institute

**Moody Bible Institute** (**MBI**) is an institute in Chicago on the Near North Side. In 1886, it was started by evangelist and businessman Dwight Lyman Moody. MBI has three major ministries: education, broadcasting and publishing.

## Other websites

- Moody Bible Institute

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Moody Bible Institute
- **image**: MBI Arch.jpg
- **caption**: The Arch
- **motto**: "Study to show thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth"
- **established**: 1886
- **type**: Private
- **president**: Michael J. Easley
- **students**: 4,000
- **city**: Chicago, Illinois, Chicago
- **state**: Illinois
- **country**: United States
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban
- **athletics**: NCCAA Division II Midwest
- **nickname**: Archers
- **website**: [http://www.moody.edu/ www.moody.edu]
Florence Foster Jenkins

**Florence Foster Jenkins** (born July 19, 1868 in Pennsylvania, U.S.; died November 26, 1944) was an American soprano who became famous because she was such a bad singer.  She sang out of tune, had a very poor sense of rhythm and she was very unmusical.

## Life

She was born **Florence Foster** in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. She had music lessons when she was a child.  She wanted to go and study music abroad.  Her father was very rich, but he refused to pay for her to travel, so she ran away with a man called Frank Thornton Jenkins who was a doctor.  They married, although they divorced in 1902.  Her husband did not want her to be a singer either.

In 1909, her father died so she inherited some money which she used to have singing lessons.  Soon she started to give recitals.  Her mother died in 1928 and this gave her even more freedom and money to sing.

From her recordings we can hear that Jenkins sang very out of tune and out of time.  She even wobbled a lot on one note. Her piano accompanist can be heard trying to change the speed to fit in with her mistakes.  Her words were unclear, especially when singing in a foreign language.  However, she became tremendously popular in her unusual way. Her audiences seemed to love her in spite of her unmusicality.  She always thought she was a good singer and compared herself to the great sopranos.   She knew the critics wrote bad things about her, but she said: "People may say I can't sing, but no one can ever say I didn't sing."

Jenkins sang music from famous operas as well as classical songs (Lieder).  She wore fancy costumes which she designed herself.  She threw flowers into the audience and was always fanning herself.

In 1943, she was in a taxi that crashed.  After the crash she found she could sing "a higher F than ever before." Instead of a lawsuit against the taxicab company, she sent the driver a box of expensive cigars.

In 1944, when she was 76, Jenkins performed at Carnegie Hall.  Many people had wanted her to perform there.  Tickets  sold out weeks before the concert.  Jenkins died in Manhattan of a heart attack a month later.  She always seemed to have been quite certain that she was a great singer.
Intonation

**Intonation** may mean:

- Intonation (speech)
- intonation (music)
AppleScript

**AppleScript** is a way for people to write commands and actions on their Apple Macintosh platform. It is a simple language, like English, and is made by Apple Inc. since the year 1993.  The AppleScript program came from the HyperCard program.

## Example

An example of the different ways to write a Hello World program in AppleScript:

### Official

- AppleScript – Official page at Apple.com
    - AppleScript Resources
- AppleScript  at Apple Developer Connection
- GUI Scripting Gives AppleScript scripts the ability to control otherwise non-scriptable applications. AppleScript scripts can select menu items, click buttons, enter text into text fields, and generally control the interfaces of most Mac OS X 10.x applications.

## Infobox (programming language)

- **name**: AppleScript
- **caption**: AppleScript editor icon
- **developer**: Apple Inc.
- **latest release version**: 2.4.2
- **operating system**: System 7, Mac OS 8, Mac OS Mac OS 9, 9, Mac OS X
- **genre**: Scripting language
- **license**: Apple EULA (parts available under Apple Public Source License, APSL)
- **file ext**: .scpt, .AppleScript
- **website**: https://www.apple.com/applescript/
Pachacuti

**Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui** (or **Pachacutec**; , whose name means "He who remakes the world" was the ninth Sapa Inca (1438-1471/1472) of the Kingdom of Cuzco, which he transformed into an empire, Tawantinsuyu. He began the era of conquest that, within three generations, expanded the Inca dominion from the valley of Cuzco to nearly the whole of civilized South America. He was the fourth of the Hanan dynasty, and his wife's name is given as Mama Anawarkhi or Coya Anahurque. Their son was Tupac Inca Yupanqui.
Pachacuti reorganized the new empire, the _Tahuantinsuyu_ or "the united four provinces."  Under his system, there were four _apos_ that each controlled one of four provinces (_suyu_).

Despite Pachacuti's political and military talents, he did not improve upon the system of choosing the next Inca. His son became the next Inca without any known dispute, but in future generations the next Inca had to gain control of the empire by winning enough support from the apos, priesthood, and military to either win a civil war or intimidate anyone else from trying to get control of the empire.

Machu Picchu is believed to date to the time of Pachacuti.
IMac

The **iMac** is an all-in-one personal computer that was first released in 1998. It is made by Apple Inc.. It has been the main part of Apple's consumer desktop offerings since its debut in August 1998, and has evolved through six distinct forms.

**Jacob Boalch**

No iMac / When Your iMac at 100% / When Your iMac Charges Overnight (00:00)

Apple adopted Intel processors which post-2006 iMacs now run on. Because Mac OS X was written for PowerPC at the time, Mac OS X ran in an emulation environment called Rosetta. Programs and applications received 'Universal Binary' updates to make them run reliably and use less resources of the Rosetta environment, instead hardware accelerating themselves.

iMac models after 2001 were shipped with macOS (formerly known as OS X).

The latest macOS version is Big Sur, which is not Intel processor dependent. No PowerPC based computer can run or install it meaning most of the iMac line are not 10.11 compatible.

Some of the newest iMac models don't have CD or disc drives.

On May 2021, 24" iMac with Apple M1 will be released.

## Other websites

- iMac website
- All iMac Generations
Melbourne Airport

**Melbourne Airport**  is the second busiest airport in Australia.  It is the home base for Tiger Airways Australia and Jetstar.  It is also the home base for cargo airlines Australian Air Express and Toll Priority.  Qantas and Virgin Australia use it as a hub.
Passenger data from paxstat.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Melbourne Airport
- **nativename**: Tullamarine Airport
- **image**: Melbourne Airport T1 with Qantas and Jetstar jets.jpg
- **image-width**: 250px
- **caption**: Melbourne Airport Terminal 1 with Qantas Boeing 737 (VH-VXR) and Jetstar_Airways, Jetstar aircraft
- **iata**: MEL
- **icao**: YMML
- **type**: Public
- **operator**: Australia Pacific Airports Corporation Limited
- **city-served**: Melbourne
- **location**: Tullamarine
- **elevation-f**: 434
- **elevation-m**: 132
- **website**: [http://www.melair.com.au/ www.melair.com.au]
- **metric-rwy**: Yes
- **r1-number**: 09/27
- **r1-length-f**: 7,500
- **r1-length-m**: 2,286
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **r2-number**: 16/34
- **r2-length-f**: 11,998
- **r2-length-m**: 3,657
- **r2-surface**: Asphalt
- **stat-year**: 2006-2007
- **stat1-header**: Total Passengers
- **stat1-data**: 22,495,000
- **stat2-header**: Intl Passengers
- **stat2-data**: 4,532,000
- **stat3-header**: Total Movements
- **stat3-data**: 180,500
- **stat4-header**: Domestic Movements
- **stat4-data**: 151,200
Discounts and allowances

**Discounts and allowances** are when the price of goods or services is made lower. Discounts and allowances can be a change of the price that the manufacturer sells the product for, the retail price (set by the retailer and often attached to the product with a sticker), or the list price (which is quoted to a potential buyer, usually in written form).  The market price (also called effective price) is the amount that the customer pays. The purpose of discounts is to increase short-term sales,  move out-of-date stock, reward valuable customers, encourage distribution. Some discounts and allowances are forms of sales promotion.

## Related pages

- Multi-use tickets for public transport
Sale

**Sale** may refer to:

- Sale, discounts and allowances in the prices of goods, such as:
    - Fire sale, a drastic discount in prices
    - Loan sale, a sale under contract of all or part of the cash stream from a specific loan
    - Closeout, the final sale of an item or items to zero inventory
- Sales, the selling of goods or services

**Places**:
- Sale, Greater Manchester, England
    - Sale Urban District, a former local government district unit of Sale, Greater Manchester.
    - Sale Sharks, a rugby team from the area
- Sale, Victoria, Australia
- Sale (AL), an Italian commune in the province of Alessandria
- Salé, Morocco
- Sale Marasino, an Italian commune in the province of Brescia
- Sale Airport, Rabat, Morocco

**People**:
- Freddy Sale, a baseball pitcher
- George Sale, an 18th-century English orientalist
- Jamie Salé, a Canadian pairs figure skater
- Kirkpatrick Sale, an environmental and human ecology scholar and author
- Tim Sale (artist), a comic book artist
- Tommy Sale, an English footballer

**Organisations**:
- BOC Aviation, formerly Singapore Aircraft Leasing Enterprise (SALE)
Huáscar

**Inti Cusi Huallpa Huáscar,** or "Sun of Joy" lived in 1503–1532 and was emperor of the Inca empire from 1527 to 1532 AD, He succeeded his father Huayna Capac and brother Ninan Cuyochi. Both of whom died of smallpox while they fought near Quito.

On the death of their father and their older brother, the empire was divided between the two surviving brothers, Huáscar and Atahualpa. Huascar got the major part of it with the capital Cusco, and Atahualpa the northern parts, including Quito (now the capital of Ecuador). For a couple of years, the two brothers reigned without problems. Huascar demanded that Atahuallpa swear an oath to him. Atahuallpa refused and the civil war began. Atahualpa's commander lead armies of 100,000 men. About 60,000 men supported Huáscar. This demonstrates the numerical potential of Incan armies. The war was uncompleted, but Atahualpa had a clear advantage when Francisco Pizarro arrived. It was partly due to this civil war that Francisco Pizarro was successful.
CLAAS Jaguar

The **CLAAS Jaguar** is a silage harvester made by CLAAS. It has a DaimlerChrysler engine.

## History

The **CLAAS Jaguar** was first built in 1973, when the idea of silage was fairly new. Claas already made combines and balers. The first CLAAS Jaguar was a small green machine. The 10,000th Jaguar was sold in 1994, the 15,000th unveiled in 1998 and the 20,000th sold in 2004.

## Success

The CLAAS Jaguar is one of the best selling silage harvesters ever made. They sell especially well in European countries. Of the forage harvesters CLAAS sold in Ireland from 2000 to 2003, 60% were Claas Jaguars.

## Model Range

The model range has not changed much over the past eight years, except for 2003 and 2007. In Europe, the current models are the 830, 850, 870, 890 and the largest one: the 900. In North America, the models are 950, 960, 970 and 980.

## Speedstar & Green Eye

Before 2003, most forage harvesters operated at very slow speeds. In 2003, new technology meant that a new silage harvester, with the same look as the old model, would be built. In Autumn of that year, the **CLAAS Jaguar Speedstar** was first sold.

The "Green Eye" is a new addition. After four years of scientific experiments, the Green Eye was made in May 2007. The 900 model now being sold in Europe is known as the **CLAAS Jaguar 900 Green Eye**. The Green Eye is also available in the other models as well.
Fortress of Solitude

The **Fortress of Solitude** is a fictional fortress appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics and is Superman's Kryptonian base. The first Fortress was a huge iceberg. A huge golden key that only Superman or Supergirl could lift was needed to open the door. Superman built it. The second Fortress was a huge crystalline building. It looked similar to a pile of crystals and icebergs. A green crystal built the second Fortress. The third version was similar to the second one, but was bigger and looked different in the inside. This version was created by the Crystal of Knowledge, a ring-like crystal.

## In other media

The fortress of Solitude has been adapted to different forms of media, including movies, television series, and video games.
Brine shrimp

**Brine shrimp** are small shrimp that live in salt water. They are the ***Artemia***, a genus of aquatic crustacea which has changed little (externally) since the Triassic period. They can often be found in saltwater ponds and marshes. They cannot live very long in fresh water. Brine shrimp avoid most types of predators, such as fish, because they live in waters of very high salinity: (25 parts per thousand). The optimum for _Artemia_ is 100 to 150 parts per thousand. The shrimp grow to be about one centimeter long. Females tend to be larger than males.

## Anatomy

The brine shrimp's body has a head, thorax, and abdomen. A hard exoskeleton covers the entire body. The brine shrimp’s muscles are inside this exoskeleton, which is made of chitin. Their muscles are attached internally. They move by beating their tails and by the continuous movement of the legs along their body.

Brine shrimp circulatory and respiratory systems work together to spread oxygen through their body and remove extra salt. They breathe through gills on their feet. The oxygen taken in is carried through the bloodstream. The heart pumps the blood around the body. Brine shrimp have a protein called hemoglobin in their blood. This helps move the oxygen to cells around the body more easily. They need hemoglobin because oxygen levels can be very low in salty water. Then, the gills pump the excess salt, water, and carbon dioxide out of the body. More salt is pumped out through exocrine glands.

## Reproduction

Males differ from females by having a larger second antennae, which are changed into clasping organs used in mating.

Adult female brine shrimp ovulate about every 140 hours. In good conditions, the female brine shrimp can make eggs that almost immediately hatch. But in worse conditions, such as low oxygen level or salinity above 150‰, female brine shrimp make eggs inside cysts. They are metabolically inactive and can remain this way for two years in dry oxygen-free conditions, even at temperatures below freezing. While in cysts, brine shrimp eggs survive temperatures of liquid air () and a few can survive above boiling temperature () for up to two hours.
Once placed in normal briny (salt) water, the eggs hatch within a few hours. The nauplius larvae are less than 0.4 mm in length when they first hatch. Brine shrimp have a biological life cycle of one year.

## Other websites

- “Brine Shrimp.”  Great Salt Lake Ecosystem Program. State of Utah, n.d. 18 April 2012.
- Carolina Biological Supply Company