juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mongolian language

The **Mongolian language** (, _Mongol kele_, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл, _Mongol khel_) is the best-known member of the Mongolic language family and the language of most of the residents of Mongolia, where it is officially written with the Cyrillic alphabet and of around three million Mongolian speakers in the _Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region_ of China, where it is officially written with the traditional Mongolian script. It is also spoken in some areas in the Russian Far East and Kyrgyzstan. The majority of speakers in Mongolia speak the Khalkha (or _Halh_) dialect, while those in China speak one of many Inner Mongolian dialects.

## References

- Janhunen, Juha (ed.) (2003): _The Mongolic languages_. London: Routledge.

## Other websites

- Ethnologue report for Khalkha Mongolian
- Lingua Mongolia  Information on classical Mongolian, including an online dictionary
- Omniglot - Mongolian Alphabets
- Mongolian bilingual dictionaries

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Mongolian
- **nativename**: монгол хэл
- **states**:

- **region**: All of state Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, parts of Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang and Gansu provinces in China
- **speakers**: 5.2 million
- **date**: 2005
- **familycolor**: Altaic
- **fam1**: Mongolic languages, Mongolic
- **fam3**: Central Mongolic
- **ancestor**: Middle Mongolian
- **ancestor2**: Classical Mongolian
- **dia1**: Khalkha Mongolian, Khalkha
- **dia2**: Chakhar Mongolian, Chakhar
- **dia3**: Khorchin Mongolian, Khorchin
- **dia4**: Kharchin
- **dia5**: Baarin Mongolian, Baarin
- **dia6**: Xilingol League, Shilin gol
- **dia7**: Ordos Mongolian
- **dia8**: Darkhad dialect, Darkhad
- **stand1**: Khalkha Mongolian, Khalkha (Mongolia)
- **stand2**: Chakhar Mongolian, Chakhar (China)
- **script**: Mongolian alphabets:
Traditional Mongolian alphabet, Traditional Mongolian script
(in China),
Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet (in Mongolia),
Mongolian Braille
- **nation**:

* Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
- **agency**: Mongolia:
State Language Council,
China:
Council for Language and Literature Work
- **iso1**: mn
- **iso2**: mon
- **iso3**: mon
- **lc1**: khk
- **ld1**: Khalkha Mongolian
- **lc2**: mvf
- **ld2**: Peripheral Mongolian (part)
- **lingua**: part of 44-BAA-b
- **map**: Mongols-map.png
- **mapalt**: Topographic map showing Asia as centered on modern-day Mongolia and Kazakhstan. An orange line shows the extent of the Mongol Empire. Some places are filled in red. This includes all of Mongolia, most of Inner Mongolia and Kalmykia, three enclaves in Xinjiang, multiple tiny enclaves round Lake Baikal, part of Manchuria, Gansu, Qinghai, and one place that is west of Nanjing and in the south-south-west of Zhengzhou
- **mapcaption**: Geographic distribution of Mongolic peoples across Asia (red)
- **notice**: IPA
- **glotto**: mong1331
- **glottorefname**: Mongolian
RC2

In cryptography, **RC2** is a symmetric-key block cipher. Designed by Ronald Rivest in 1987. _"RC"_ stands for "Rivest Cipher", or alternatively, "Ron's Code".

RC2 is a 64-bit block cipher with a variable key size and using 18 rounds.

Rounds are arranged as a source-heavy feistel network, with 16 rounds of one type called _"mixing rounds"_ interleaved by two rounds of another type called _"mashing rounds"_.

The 18 rounds are performed using the following interleaved sequence:
1. perform 5 mixing rounds.
1. perform 1 mashing round.
1. perform 6 mixing rounds.
1. perform 1 mashing round.
1. perform 5 mixing rounds.

RC2 uses _key-expansion algorithm_ by which an expanded key consisting of 64 (16-bit words) is produces depending in a complicated way on every bit of the supplied _"variable-length"_ input key. A mixing round consists of four applications of the _"mix-up"_ transformation, as shown in the diagram. A round is _"mashed"_ by adding to it one of the 16-bit words of the expanded key (RFC 2268).

RC2 is susceptible to a related-key attack using 2<sup>34</sup> chosen-plaintext attacks (Kelsey _et al._, 1997).

The development of RC2 was sponsored by Lotus, who were seeking a custom cipher be exported as part of their Lotus Notes software, after evaluation by the NSA. The NSA suggested a couple of changes, which Ronald Rivest incorporated. After further negotiations, the cipher was approved for export in 1989.

Along with RC4, RC2 with a 40-bit key size was treated under US export regulations for cryptography. Now all 40-bit encryption algorithms are obsolete because they are dangerously susceptible to brute force attacks.

Initially, the details of the algorithm were kept secret — proprietary to RSA Security — but on 29 January 1996, source code for RC2 was anonymously posted to the Internet on the Usenet forum, sci.crypt. A similar post had occurred earlier with RC4. It is unclear whether the poster had access to the specifications or whether it had been reverse engineered.

## References

- Steven Levy, Crypto: How the Code Rebels Beat the Government — Saving Privacy in the Digital Age, , 2001.
- Lars R. Knudsen, Vincent Rijmen, Ronald L. Rivest, Matthew J. B. Robshaw: On the Design and Security of RC2. Fast Software Encryption 1998: 206–221
- John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier, David Wagner: Related-key cryptanalysis of 3-WAY, Biham-DES, CAST, DES-X, NewDES, RC2, and TEA. ICICS 1997: 233–246

## Other websites

- RFC 2268 - A Description of the RC2(r) Encryption Algorithm
- RSA FAQ: What is RC2?
- sci.crypt posting revealing the RC2 algorithm
1999 East Timorese crisis

The **1999 East Timorese crisis**  was a conflict. Militia who did not like the independence in East Timor started the conflict when they attacked civilians. These attacks led to more violence all over the country. Most of the violence occurred in the capital Dili.

The violence started after the result of an election was independence from Indonesia. About 1400 people are thought to have died. An UN force (InterFET) made up mainly of people from the Australian Defence Force was sent to East Timor to establish and maintain peace.

### Background: referendum

In 1999, there was a lot of pressure on Indonesia. Therefore, the Indonesian government decided to hold a vote. In this referendum it asked the people of East Timor, whether they wanted to stay with Indonesia or become independent. Portugal had done some lobbying. The referendum was held on August 30. In it, a clear majority (78.5%) of people voting said they would prefer to become independent. The alternative proposal would have been to stay with Indonesia, but to have many freedoms as an _autonomous province_, called Special Autonomous Region of East Timor (SARET).

### Violence

Directly after the referendum, violence broke out. The violence came from Indonesian soldiers and from a special East Timorese pro-integration militia which was supported by Indonesia. These troops became violent and terrorised the population. They did not like how the people had voted. About 1400 Timorese people were killed. 300.000 had to flee to West Timor to live as refugees. Most of the infrastructure of the country, including houses, watering systems, and the electricity was destroyed. Noam Chomsky said: "In one month, this massive military operation murdered some 2,000 people, raped hundreds of women and girls, displaced three-quarters of the population, and demolished 75 percent of the country's infrastructure."

### InterFET

On 20 September 1999 the Australian-led peacekeeping troops of the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) came to the country. This ended the violence. Activists in Portugal, Australia, the United States, and elsewhere pressured their governments to take action. US President Bill Clinton eventually threatened Indonesia, that the IMF loans would be stopped. Indonesia was in deep economic troubles already. The Indonesian government agreed to withdraw its troops and allowed a multinational force into Timor to stabilize the area. It was clear that the UN did not have sufficient resources to fight the paramilitary forces directly. Instead, the UN authorised the creation of a multinational military force known as INTERFET (International Force for East Timor), with Security Council Resolution 1264. 23 nations sent troops, about 11,000 people in total. The force was led by Major-General Peter Cosgrove. Troops landed in East Timor on 20 September 1999.
Ohio Is for Lovers

**Ohio Is for Lovers** is a single released by Hawthorne Heights it came from their first album _The Silence in Black and White_.

The lyrics are one of the main reasons why the band are considered to be emo. It contains the lyrics "cut my wrists and black my eyes" more than once. Some people take this literally, but the singer has explained its only a figure of speech the band is against self harming.

The song was charted #34 in America.

## About the video

The album _The Silence in Black and White_ later contained a DVD including the making of "Ohio is for lovers". It shows a spider, and also shows JT in a room alone looking miserable. There's also a young girl, followed by an adult woman, then later an older woman in the Ohio is for lovers music video.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Ohio Is for Lovers
- **artist**: Hawthorne Heights
- **released**: 2004
- **recorded**: 2004
- **genre**: Emo
- **length**: 3:35
- **label**: Victory
- **next title**: Niki FM
- **next year**: 2004
Lady Godiva

**Lady Godiva** (; about 980 – 1067) was an Anglo-Saxon noblewoman. She was married to Earl Leofric and frequently donated to the church, and was highly religious. There are legends that say that she rode naked through the streets of Coventry in England.

## Legend

Lady Godiva was the wife of Earl Leofric of Mercia. The Earl’s taxes were very high, and people in Coventry were very upset about it. Lady Godiva begged her husband to lower the taxes many times, but he never agreed to. Finally, the Earl told Lady Godiva that if she rode through the streets completely naked, he would lower the taxes. Lady Godiva sent a message through town that told everyone to close their shutters and stay indoors. Then, she rode through town only clothed by her hair. The Earl gave in and lowered the taxes of the town. However, a tailor named Tom drilled a hole through his shutters, and caught a glimpse of Lady Godiva. He was struck blind, some think from heaven, and some think the town “took care of him” themselves. There were many celebrations to remember Lady Godiva’s courage.

## Related pages

- Exhibitionism
- Public nudity
- _The Seven Lady Godivas_, an early Dr. Seuss book
- Nudity and protest

## Other websites

- Lady Godiva, the website of the women's sports team
- Cecilia Parsons, "Countess Godiva", 1999, revised 2004: biography and developing legend
- BBC News – the unearthing of a stained glass window identified with Lady Godiva
- James Grout: _Lady Godiva_, part of the Encyclopædia Romana
- How Lady Godiva Got a Tax Break
Scandal

A **scandal** is a very public incident which involves a claim of wrong-doing, shame, or moral offence. A scandal may be about a real event, an untrue event (often called a false allegation) or a mixture of both.  Something which is a scandal can be described as **scandalous**.

Scandals may be told by whistleblowers, who have access to secrets and allow them to go public. A well-known scandal was the Watergate scandal, in which US President Richard Nixon was found to be supporting and hiding illegal burglaries.

Untrue claims often lead to a loss of respect for that person, and can destroy their careers. Sometimes an attempt to cover up a scandal creates a bigger scandal when the cover-up does not succeed.

Sometimes there are scandals surrounding people who work for the president such as during the Grant administration. The Iran-Contra affair was also a known scandal that surrounded Ronald Reagan and his administration. All were not-guilty of the crime. Najib Razak, a former Malaysian Prime Minister, was accused in the 1MDB scandal, which involved the theft of a large amount of government money. Because of this, he became the first Malaysian Prime Minister to go to prison.
Countdown to Extinction

***Countdown to Extinction*** is the fifth studio album by American thrash metal band Megadeth. _Countdown to Extinction_ was released on July 6, 1992. It was released through Capitol Records. The album debuted at #2 on the Billboard 200 and sold 128,000 copies in the first week.

The album was nominated for Best Metal Performance at the 1993 Grammy Awards. The title track won the Humane Society's Genesis Award for raising awareness for animal rights issues.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Countdown to Extinction
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Megadeth
- **released**: July 6, 1992
- **recorded**: January 6 – April 28, 1992 at The Enterprise in Burbank, California
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal, thrash metal
- **length**: 47:26
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Capitol Records, Capitol
- **producer**: Max Norman, Dave Mustaine
- **prev title**: Rust in Peace
- **prev year**: 1990
- **next title**: Youthanasia
- **next year**: 1994
51 Pegasi b

**51 Pegasi b**, also called **Bellerephon, Dimidium** or **51 Peg b**, is the first extrasolar planet discovered orbiting a main-sequence star,  51 Pegasi. Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz announced the discovery on 6 October 1995. It is 50 light years away in the direction of the constellation Pegasus.
Johnny

- Johnny Appleseed
- Johnny Ball
- Johnny Bower
- Johnny Carson
- Johnny Cash
- Johnny Depp
- Johnny Halliday
- Johnny Haynes
- Johnny Horton
- Johnny Marr
- Johnnny Morris
- Johnny Mowers
- Johnny Nash
- Johnny Rivers
- Johnny Saxton
- Johnny Shines
- Johnny Unitas
- Johnny Wactor
- Johnny Weir
- Johnny Weissmuller
- Johnny Winter
Greasers

**Greaser** or **Greasers** can refer to:
- Greaser (derogatory), a derogatory term for a Mexican.
- Greaser (subculture), a subculture that developed in the United States in the 1950s.
Sirrako Ioanninon

**Sirrako Ioanninon** is a mountainous Greek village. It is in the district of Ioannina in the north-east of Greece. Sirrako is built at an altitude of 1,150 metres up the Lakmos mountain which makes it one of the highest Greek villages. It is a traditional village with old stone houses whose main characteristic is that they have slate roofs.
The Greek famous poet Kostas Krystallis came from Sirraco.
Cryptographic protocol

A cryptographic protocol is a way to securely exchange data over a computer network. The data that is exchanged is encrypted. In general, these protocols consist of a way to exchange encryption keys, The data is then encrypted using symmetric or asymmetric cryptography. Symmetric cryptography is used more often.

Common protocols include:

- Transport Layer Security
- Wi-Fi Protected Access
- Secure Shell
- IPsec
- DNSSec

A cryptographic protocol usually has at least some of these features:
- Key generation.
- Entity authentication.
- Key agreement.
- Symmetric encryption of transferred messages using the agreed generated key.

The term _cryptographic protocol_ is used in different ways. For example, cryptographic _application_ protocols often use one or more underlying Key-agreement protocols which are also sometimes themselves referred to as "cryptographic protocols", like the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) which uses what is known as the Diffie-Hellman key exchange, Diffie-Hellman may be seen as a complete _cryptographic protocol_ in itself for other applications.

## Examples

- Diffie-Hellman key exchange
- Internet Key Exchange
- IPsec
- Kerberos V5

## Related pages

- Secure channel

## Other websites

- Secure protocols open repository
Religious persecution

**Religious persecution** means unfair treatment of a particular group of people because of their religion. It aims at forcing the religious to go away or give up their religion. "Persecution" comes from a Latin word meaning "chase", and usually meant chasing someone in order to kill them. In later centuries the term was applied to other actions. Religious persecution may occur in the following forms:

- violence, including pogroms
- social discrimination
- not giving a job to a person because of his religion

Incidents of persecution are periodically reported in many countries. For example in case of India, the United States Department of State in its annual human rights report for 2006 noted attacks against the people of religious groups who are small in number. State Department's annual reports on religious freedom for 2007 expressed concern over organized societal attacks against religious minority in India. Some state governments in India have been accused of not effectively prosecuting those who attack religious minorities. In Iran, Bahá'í Faith is banned.

## Types

When the term "religious cleansing" is used, it usually means when a group of people is removed from a certain area. In classical antiquity, religious cleansing was usually done because of economic and political reasons. Sometimes there were also ethnic reasons.

## Related pages

- Antisemitism
- Freedom of religion
- Persecution of Christians
- Persecution of Muslims
- Religious segregation
- Religious violence
Persecution of Christians

**Persecution of Christians** is treating Christians unfairly based on their religion. This can mean using violence against them or putting them in prison. Persecution of Christians exists in many countries which include India, Iran, Pakistan, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Burma, Lebanon, Syria, Sri Lanka etc. In China it is illegal to be a member of a Christian church that is not approved by the government.

## Related pages

- Diocletian
- Nero
- Barbary slave trade
- Religious persecution
Religious violence

**Religious violence** means the religiously-motivated killing and/or injuring of people of one religion by people of another region.

The September 11 attacks are an example of religious mass-killing. In India, Hindu-nationalists often attacked Christians, since the country became independent. This has happened periodically. The United States Department of State in its annual human rights report for 2006 noted attacks against the people of religious groups who are small in number. State Department's annual reports on religious freedom for 2007 expressed concern over organized societal attacks against religious minority in India. Some state governments in India have been accused of not effectively prosecuting those who attack religious minorities.
Telugu cinema

**Telugu Cinema** (Telugu: తెలుగు సినీపరిశ్రమ), means movies and movie-making in the Telugu language. Another word for Telugu Cinema is **Tollywood**. This is portmanteau made of the words "Telugu" and "Hollywood".

**Tollywood** movies are produced in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana  states in the Republic of India.

## Related pages

- Bollywood ("Indian Hollywood" - Hindi, Urdu and Marathi cinema)
- Jollywood (Sanskrit cinema)
- Lollywood (Pakistani cinema)
- Mollywood (Malayalam cinema)
- Hollywood
Sandalwood

- _For movies of the Indian state of Karnataka, see Sandalwood (cinema)._

**Sandalwood** is a precious, fragrant and fine-structured wood, yellow in color. A special use that this wood allows is in delicate, highly detailed carving.

Sandalwoods are found in India, Australia, Indonesia, and the Pacific Islands and are yielded by trees of the genus _Santalum_. The trees are often grown in plantations. The entire trees are used for extracting a fragrant oil, sandalwood oil, which is used for perfume and medicine. In religious ceremonies (such as cremations) the wood is sometimes burned for its smell, as incense.

In Indonesia and Malaysia, its local name is _Cendana_.
Oriya film industry

**Odia Film Industry** or **Ollywood** refers to the Bhubaneswar and Cuttack-based Odia film industry in the Odisha. The origins of that name are disputed, called Ollywood a portmanteau of the words Odia and Hollywood.
Mollywood

**Mollywood** refers to Malayalam cinema, movies made in the Indian state of Kerala in the Malayalam language.

## Related pages

- Bollywood ("Indian Hollywood" - Hindi, Urdu and Marathi cinema)
- Jollywood (Sanskrit cinema)
- Lollywood (Pakistani cinema)
- Tollywood (Telugu cinema)
- Hollywood
Teri Yaad (movie)

***Teri Yaad*** is a Pakistani Urdu movie. It is the first movie to be released in the country after Pakistan was created in the separation of India. The movie was released  on 7 August 1948, Eid day. It was the first movie released after the creation of Pakistan, but not the first to be produced by the people who lived in the land that became Pakistan.
The Bird and the Bee Sides

***The Bird and the Bee Sides*** is a 2008 album released by Relient K on July 2nd.

The album contains 13 new songs, and many of their B sides and unreleased songs. A few other songs could be found from a scavenger hunt that the band encouraged fans to do. You had to solve a puzzle

It's the first album to feature their current drummer, Ethan Luck.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Bird and the Bee Sides
- **type**: EP
- **artist**: Relient K
- **released**: July 1, 2008
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, pop punk, alternative rock
- **length**: 71:09
- **label**: Gotee Records, Gotee
- **producer**: Mark Lee Townsend
- **prev title**: Let it Snow, Baby... Let it Reindeer
(2007)
- **next title**: Forget and Not Slow Down
(2009)
Call and Response: The Remix Album

***Call and Response*** is a remix album by rock band Maroon 5. The album has 18 tracks of songs which Maroon 5 released or has recorded. Producers of the remixed versions of the songs include The Cold War Kids, David Banner, Mark Ronson, Just Blaze, Bloodshy and Avant, Of Montreal and many more music producers. The track list was released in early October of 2008.

## Track Listing for _Call and Response: The Remix Album_

|style="text-align:center;"|#|style="text-align:center;" width|Title|style="text-align:center;" width|Featured Artists|style="text-align:center;" width|Remixer(s)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|"If I Never See Your Face Again"|Cross|Swizz Beats|||||
|2|"Wake Up Call"|Mary J. Blige|Mark Ronson|||||
|3|"Sunday Morning"||Questlove|||||
|4|"Makes Me Wonder"||Just Blaze|||||
|5|"This Love"||Tricky Stewart|||||
|6|"She Will Be Loved"||Pharrell Williams|||||
|7|"Shiver"||DJ Quik|||||
|8|"Wake Up Call"|David Banner|David Banner|||||
|9|"Harder To Breathe"|The Cool Kids|The Cool Kids|||||
|10|"Little Of Your Time"||Bloodshy and Avant|||||
|11|"Little Of Your Time"||Of Montreal|||||
|12|"Goodnight Goodnight"||Deerhoof|||||
|13|"Not Fallin' Apart"||Tiesto|||||
|14|"Better That We Break"||Ali Shaheed Muhammad|||||
|15|"Secret"||DJ Premier|||||
|16|"Woman"||Sam Farrar of Phantom Planet|||||
|17|"This Love"||Cut Copy|||||
|18|"If I Never See Your Face Again"|Rihanna|Paul Oakenfold|||||
Mukh O Mukhosh

***Mukh O Mukhosh*** (, ) was a 1956 movie. It was the first Bengali language movie to be made in the former (East Pakistan region). It was produced by Iqbal movies and directed by Abdul Jabbar Khan. The movie was released in East Pakistan on 3 August 1956. It was released in Dacca, Chittagong, Narayanganj, and Khulna. The movie was a great success as viewers thronged to watch the first movie to be made in the region. It earned a total of Rs. 48,000 during its initial run.
Livadeia

**Livadeia** is a Greek town. It is in the district of Voiotia in central Greece and its population is 21.385. Livadeia is the capital of Voiotia and it is built on a plane, near Kopaida plane. The distance between Athens and Livadeia is 136 km. North of livadeia is mountain Parnassos and west of Livadeia is mountain Elikonas. In the east and south of Livadeia is the plane of Kopaida. Near Livadeia there is Orchomenos and Cheronia which are historical places.

## History of Livadeia

In antiquity, Livadeia was one of the Boeotian towns. Boeotians were an ancient Greek tribe which was a branch of the Dorian tribe. In Livadeia there was an oracle which was known by the name Trofonion. The Trofonion oracle was very important, although not as important as the Delphi oracle which was located nearby in the north. During the Middle Ages Livadeia was an insignificant town until about the thirteenth century when it became the capital of the Catalonian knights' domain. The Catalonian knights had conquered central Greece when they defeated the Lombard knights in a battle. Later, during the 15th century, the district was conquered by the Ottomans.
During the Ottoman period, Livadeia became an important town of central Greece. There was a castle and a guard was posted in it. The residents were all with Greek origin. Later during the Greek revolution of 1821 against the Turks, Livadeia played a significant role. Livadeia was liberated in 1830 when Greece became an independent state.

## Sights of Livadeia

The most interesting sight of Livadeia is the springs of Krya. These springs are in the edge of the town and they are very beautiful. A river start from these springs whose name is Erkyna. In Livadeia there are some old beautiful houses and an old big clock above the town.

## Municipality of Livadeia

Livadeia is a capital of the Livadeia's municipality. In this municipality, apart from Livadeia belong the villages Romeiko, Lafysti, Tsoukalades and Zeriki.
Jiban Thekey Neya

**Jibon Theke Neya** () is a Bengali movie by Bangladeshi filmmaker Zahir Raihan.

The movie is a political satire based on the Bengali Language Movement, and stars  Shaukat Akbar, Anwar Hossain, Khan Ataur Rahman and Rosy Samad.

Jibon Theke Neya has been described as an example of "national cinema", using discrete local traditions to build a representation of the Bangladeshi national identity.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Jibon Theke Neya
- **director**: Zahir Raihan
- **producer**: Zahir Raihan
- **writer**: Zahir Raihan
- **starring**: Razzak
Shuchonda
Anowar Hossain
Shawkat Akbar
Rosy Samad
Khan Ataur Rahman
Rawshan Jamil
Baby Zaman
- **music**: Khan Ataur Rahman
- **cinematography**: Afzal Chowdhury
- **editing**: Maloy Banerjee
- **distributor**: Aanis Film
- **released**: 1970
- **country**: Bangladesh
- **language**: Bengali
Pheray (1949 movie)

***Pheray*** was a Pakistani Punjabi movie. It was released on August 3, 1949. The movie was directed by Nazir. The movie was a remake of Indian movie _Gaon Ki Gori_, released in 1945 in India before partition.
Twin Towers (disambiguation)

The **Twin Towers** is a common name for two skyscrapers that were part of the original World Trade Center in New York City.

**Twin Towers** may also mean:

## Architecture

- Twin towers (architecture)

### North America

- Twin Towers Correctional Facility, Los Angeles, California
- Twin Towers (Marshall University), Huntington, West Virginia

### Europe

- Deutsche Bank Twin Towers, Frankfurt, Germany
- Twin Towers, Wembley, part of the original Wembley Stadium, London
- Vienna Twin Tower, Vienna, Austria
- Tours Société Générale (Société Générale Twin Towers), Paris, France
- Buchanan Wharf, Glasgow, Scotland

### Asia

- Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Taipei Twin Towers, Taipei, Taiwan
- Panhsin Twin Towers, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Kaohsiung Twin Towers, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Salcedo Park Twin Towers, Makati, Philippines
- Guangzhou Twin Towers, Guangzhou, China
- Shimao Cross-Strait Plaza, Xiamen, China. Nicknamed "Xiamen Twin Towers"
- Al Kazim Twin Towers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Noida Supertech Twin Towers, Noida, India
- Twin Towers (Ramat Gan), two identical office buildings in Ramat Gan, Israel

#### Oceania

- TNT Towers, Sydney, Australia

### Previously proposed buildings

- Broadway Corridor Twin Towers, a 2017 skyscraper plan for Portland, Oregon
- Old Chicago Main Post Office Twin Towers, a 2011 skyscraper plan for Chicago, Illinois
- Twin Towers 2, a 2004 skyscraper plan for New York City

### Architectural designs

- Twin Tower, a 1970s Hong Kong architectural design

## Movie

- _9/11: The Twin Towers_, a 2006 television special documentary movie
- _Twin Towers_ (movie), a 2002 Oscar-winning documentary

## Sports

- Twin Towers (Houston Rockets), front court consisting of Ralph Sampson and Hakeem Olajuwon
- Twin Towers (San Antonio Spurs), front court consisting of Tim Duncan and David Robinson
- Twin Towers (professional wrestling), a former professional wrestling tag team consisting of Akeem and the Big Boss Man
- The Twin Towers, another former professional wrestling tag team consisting of Lex Luger and Barry Windham

## See also

- :Category:Twin towers
- The Two Towers (disambiguation)
- List of tallest twin buildings and structures in the world
Live! Live! Live!

***Live! Live! Live!*** is a live album released by Bryan Adams in 1988.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Live! Live! Live!
- **type**: live
- **artist**: Bryan Adams
- **released**: 1988
- **recorded**: July 3, 1988
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **length**: 69:40
- **label**: A&M Records
- **producer**: Bryan Adams
- **prev title**: Into the Fire (album), Into the Fire
- **prev year**: 1987
- **next title**: Waking Up the Neighbours
- **next year**: 1991
MTV Unplugged (Bryan Adams album)

***MTV Unplugged*** is an acoustic live album by Canadian musician Bryan Adams.  The album was recorded in September, 1997 at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City.  Adams was joined by Irish piper Davy Spillane and Michael Kamen who wrote orchestrations for many of the songs and brought students from the Juilliard School to play them.

The album includes only thirteen of the songs recorded at the show. Many more are included on the _MTV Unplugged_ DVD and the song order is also different than the CD.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: MTV Unplugged
- **type**: Live album
- **artist**: Bryan Adams
- **released**: December 9, 1997
- **recorded**: September 26, 1997
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, Acoustic music, acoustic rock
- **length**: 52:26
- **producer**: Bryan Adams, Patrick Leonard
- **prev title**: 18 til I Die
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: On a Day Like Today (album), On a Day Like Today
- **next year**: 1998
So Far So Good (Bryan Adams album)

***So Far So Good*** is a compilation album by Bryan Adams, released by A&M Records in November 1993. The album reached number six on the _Billboard_ 200 charts in 1993.

The album contains hits from between "Cuts Like a Knife" (1983) and _Waking Up the Neighbours_ (1991), and a new single, "Please Forgive Me". The only song on the album that has never been released as a single is "Kids Wanna Rock" from _Reckless_ (1984).

Originally the song "So Far So Good" was going to be included on the album so the album started and finished with a new song but it was dropped. The song was included on disc two of _Anthology_.

## Chart positions

|Year|Chart|Position|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1993|Australian ARIA Albums Chart|1|

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: So Far So Good
- **type**: Compilation album
- **artist**: Bryan Adams
- **released**: November 2 1993
- **recorded**: 1982 - 1993
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, soft rock
- **length**: 62:28
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M
- **producer**: Bryan Adams
Bob Clearmountain
- **prev title**: Waking Up the Neighbours
- **prev year**: 1991
- **next title**: 18 til I Die
- **next year**: 1996
The Best of Me (Bryan Adams album)

***The Best of Me*** is a greatest hits album by Canadian singer Bryan Adams. It was released worldwide in 1999, and in the U.S. in 2002.

## Track listing

**Special Tour Edition bonus disc**
1. "Summer of '69 (Live from South Africa)" – 3:34
1. "Back To You (Live from South Africa)" – 5:28
1. "Can't Stop This Thing We Started (Live from South Africa)" – 5:12
1. "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman? (Live from South Africa)" – 4:52
1. "Rock Steady (Live from South Africa)" – 5:23
1. "Cloud Number Nine (Live at Slane Castle)" – 4:09
1. "I'm Ready (Live at Slane Castle)" – 4:34
1. "Cuts Like a Knife (Live at Slane Castle)" – 6:02

## Personnel

- Bryan Adams (Vocals and Guitar)
- Other personnel varies from track to track.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Best of Me
- **type**: Compilation album
- **artist**: Bryan Adams
- **released**: worldwide 1999, U.S. 2002
- **recorded**: 1980-1999
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, soft rock
- **length**: 68:13
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M
- **producer**: Bryan Adams, Robert John "Mutt" Lange, Mutt Lange
- **prev title**: On a Day Like Today (album), On a Day Like Today
(1998)
- **next title**: Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron#Animation and Sound, Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron
(2001)
Anthology (Bryan Adams album)

***Anthology*** is a compilation album by Canadian singer-songwriter Bryan Adams which contains songs he recorded from 1978 through 2005. The two disc set includes songs from 1980–2005. A third disc which was a DVD live concert which was recorded in mid 2005 called "_Live in Lisbon_" was included in North America for a limited time. All the songs are in chronological order of their release, except the last song on the first disc on the North American edition, which was released in 1999. The album's enclosed booklet has notes about the process of the recordings and the credits for each track.

## Release and reception

_Anthology_ co-produced by Adams, Robert Lange and Bob Clearmountain, peaked at number 65 on the Billboard 200. The album was released on October 18, 2005 and features songs like "Heat of the Night", and "Summer of '69". Anthology peaked at 4 on the Canadian Album Chart 29 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified two times platinum in Canada and gold in the UK.

## Version differences

On the first disc, the North American edition has "The Best of Me" as the last track, while the International edition moved the song to the 2nd disc, and had "All I Want Is You" instead.

On the second disc, The North American edition has two songs from his Album _Room Service_ and a new recorded version of "When You're Gone" with Pamela Anderson, while the International edition has the Chicane song "Don't Give Up" in place of Chicane's remix of "Cloud Number Nine", and a new song "I'm Not the Man You Think I Am" (from the movie _Colour Me Kubrick_), and the original version of "When You're Gone" with Melanie C instead.

## Personnel

- Bryan Adams - rhythm guitar, vocals, co-producer
- Keith Scott - lead guitar
- Tommy Mandel - Hammond organ
- Dave Taylor - bass
- Mickey Curry - drums
- Phil Nicholas - keyboards and programming
- Robbie King   - Hammond organ
- Bill Payne - piano and Hammond organ
- Larry Klein - bass
- Ed Shearmur - keyboards
- The Tuck Back Twins - background vocals

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Anthology
- **type**: Compilation album
- **artist**: Bryan Adams
- **released**: October 18, 2005
- **recorded**: 1978–2005
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, soft rock
- **length**: 55:22
- **label**: Universal Music, Universal/Polydor Records, Polydor
- **producer**: Bryan Adams, Robert John "Mutt" Lange, Robert Lange, Bob Clearmountain
- **prev title**: Room Service (album), Room Service
- **prev year**: 2004
- **next title**: 11 (Bryan Adams album), 11
- **next year**: 2008
Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron

***Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron*** is a 2002 animated movie about a horse attempting to return home. It was made by DreamWorks Animation. The movie was directed by Kelly Asbury and Lorna Cook.

## Cast

- Matt Damon as Spirit, a Kiger Mustang Horse
- James Cromwell as The Colonel, leader of a cavalry of soldiers. He is based on the real-life George Armstrong Custer.
- Daniel Studi, son of Wes Studi, as Little Creek, a Lakota Native American that Spirit befriends
- Chopper Bernet as Sgt. Adams, a cavalry sergeant under the Colonel
- Jeff LeBeau as Murphy, a soldier under the Colonel bent on taming Spirit into joining the cavalry
    - Jeff LeBeau also voices a Railroad Foreman
- Richard McGonagle as Bill, a wrangler
- Matt Levin as Joe, one of the wranglers
- Robert Cait as Jake, one of the wranglers
- Charles Napier as Roy, one of the wranglers
- Zahn McClarnon as Little Creek's Friend
- Michael Horse as Little Creek's Friend
- Donald Fullilove as Train Pull Foreman
- Rodger Bumpass, Jack Angel, Patrick Pinney, Philip Proctor, Bob Bergen, Paul Eiding, Chris Sanders, Bill Farmer, Robert Clotworthy, Danny Mann, Mitch Carter, Paul Pape, David Cowgill, Jim Cummings, Corey Burton and Stephen J. Anderson as Colonel's Soldiers
- Frank Welker as Eagle
- Mickie McGowan as Female Horse 1
- Sherry Lynn as Female Horse 2
- Jennifer Darling as Female Horse 3
- Lorna Cook (uncredited) as Female Horse 4/Little Creek's Horse

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron
- **director**: Kelly Asbury
Lorna Cook
- **producer**: Mireille Soria
Jeffrey Katzenberg
- **writer**: John Fusco
- **narrator**: Matt Damon
- **music**: Hans Zimmer
- **editing**: Nick Fletcher
Clare De Chenu
- **studio**: DreamWorks Animation
- **distributor**: DreamWorks Pictures
- **runtime**: 89 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Rush discography

**Rush** is a Canadian rock band originally formed in August 1968, in the Willowdale neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, currently comprised of bassist, keyboardist, and lead vocalist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer and songwriter Neil Peart. The band and its membership went through a number of changes between 1968 and 1974, achieving their definitive form when Neil Peart replaced original drummer John Rutsey in July 1974.

The band released its self-titled debut album in March 1974, after which followed 19 additional studio recordings, 8 live albums and 6 compilations. As a group, Rush has made 24 gold records and 14 platinum (3 multi-platinum) records. According to the RIAA, Rush's number of sales place them fourth behind The Beatles, The Rolling Stones and Aerosmith for the most  gold or platinum albums one after another by a rock band. Rush also ranks 78th in U.S. album sales with 25 million items sold. Although total worldwide album sales are not calculated by any single person or group, as of 2004 some people guessed that Rush's total worldwide album sales is over 40 million items sold.

## Infobox (artist discography)

- **artist**: Rush (band), Rush
- **image**: Rush-in-concert.jpg
- **caption**: Alex Lifeson, Geddy Lee, and Neil Peart of Rush

- **studio**: 19
- **live**: 11
- **singles**: 38
- **video**: 13
- **music videos**: 33
- **ep**: 2
- **compilation**: 11
- **1option**: 10
- **1option name**: Box sets
Kaneez (1965 movie)

***Kaneez*** is a Pakistani Urdu black and white movie directed by renown director Hassan Tariq and produced by Hassan Tariq and Ali Sufiyan Afaqi. It cast Waheed Murad, Zeba, Mohammad Ali, Sabiha Khanam, Lehri, Saqi, Adeeb and Talish. It is a musical family relationship movie. Waheed Murad and Zeba played lead roles, and Mohammad Ali played a complete character role.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Kaneez
- **caption**: Film poster of _Kaneez_
- **director**: Hassan Tariq
- **producer**: Hassan Tariq
Ali Sufiyan Afaqi
- **writer**: Ali Sufiyan Afaqi
- **starring**: Waheed Murad
Zeba
Mohammad Ali (actor), Mohammad Ali
Sabiha Khanam
Lehri (actor), Lehri
Saqi
Adeeb
Talish
Santosh Kumar <small>(guest star, guest appearance)</small>
Aslam Pervaiz <small>(guest star, guest appearance)</small>
- **music**: Khalil Ahmed
- **cinematography**: Kamran Mirza CAP
- **editing**: Asghar
- **released**: 26 November 1965
- **runtime**: approx. 3 hours
- **country**: Pakistan
- **language**: Urdu
Armaan (1966 movie)

***Armaan*** (), the Pakistani Urdu melodramatic black and white movie. It was produced by Waheed Murad and directed by Pervaiz Malik. It was the first Pakistani movie to complete 75 weeks in cinemas and, thus, became the first Pakistani 'Platinum Jubilee' movie. The movie was picturized in black and white prints and in beautiful locations of Karachi.
Badnaam (1966 movie)

***Badnaam***, is a Pakistani Urdu language movie, the movie was released on September 2, 1966.

Badnaam was based on Saadat Hasan Manto's short story "Jhumkay" ("earrings"). It was adapted for the screen by Riaz Shahid. The movie was directed and produced by Iqbal Shehzad, It is his debut movie as a director. _Badnaam_ starred Allaudin, Nabeela, Neelo, Ejaz, Diljeet Mirza, Hamid Wain and Rangela.
Chakori (1967 movie)

***Chakori*** is a Pakistani Urdu movie. This movie was released on March 23, 1967, on Eid-ul-Azha Day in Dacca, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The movie was directed by Captain Ehtisham. It was Nadeem Baig's and Shabana's debut movie.
Insaniyat (1967 movie)

***Insaniyat*** (, ) is a Pakistani Urdu black and white movie. It was produced by A. Hameed. This movie is one of the masterpieces of the director Shabab Kiranvi. The movie starred Waheed Murad, Zeba, Tariq Aziz, Firdous and Nanna. This movie is one of the hit movies of Waheed Murad.
Doraha (1967 movie)

***Doraha*** is a 1967 Pakistani Urdu movie. It is a black & white movie. _Doraha_ is a classic romantic and melodious movie of 1960s. It is one of the best movies of Pervaiz Malik's and Waheed Murad's careers. At the box office, the movie did not earn much money. It gained more importance after several years. The movie became much more well liked during 1980s and 1990s. _Doraha_ was produced by Sohail Rana and Pervaiz Malik. Malik also directed the movie. The movie stars Murad, Shamim Ara, Deeba, Ibrahim Nafees and Talish. For _Doraha_, Waheed Murad first cast Zeba, but after her marriage with Mohammad Ali, he picked Shamim Ara. The people that knew Murad knew that Shamim Ara was just a replacement. All the dialogue and songs were for Zeba
Ehsaan (1967 movie)

***Ehsaan*** is a Pakistani Urdu black and white movie. It was a presentation by Waheed & Malik combination. The movie is a love story, starring Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Azad and Ibrahim Nafees. The movie was produced by Waheed Murad and directed by Pervaiz Malik.
Zinda Laash

***Zinda Laash*** is a 1967 Pakistani Urdu feature movie, directed by Khwaja Sarfraz. Its produced by Abdul Baqi, a Lollywood movie starring by Asad Bukhari (Dr. Aqil Harker), Habib (Aqil's Brother), Deeba (Shabnam), Rehan (Vampire), Nasreen (Vampire bride).

Zinda Laash is also known as _Dracula in Pakistan_ (USA title) and _The Living Corpse_ (international title). It is the first movie in Pakistan to be X-rated.
Anjuman (movie)

***Anjuman***, a Pakistani Urdu colour film. It was released on 31 July 1970, starring Waheed Murad, Rani, Deeba, Santosh Kumar, Sabiha Khanam and Lehri. The film was released during the hey days of Waheed Murad and became a milestone in the Waheed's career. The film was produced by Safdar Masood and directed by Hassan Tariq, a Pakistani film director.

The film was released at a worse political situation of the country. Nevertheless, the film became a success, with tracks by Runa Laila.

The film won Nigar awards in the categories of best film, best director, best screenplay, best musician, best lyricist, best playback female singer, best editor, best art director and best comedian.
Naseeb apna apna (1970 movie)

***Naseeb apna apna*** is a Pakistani Urdu black and white movie. It was directed by Qamar Zaidi and produced by Waheed Murad. It cast Waheed Murad, Shabnam, Zamrrud, Tamanna, Nirala and Saqi. It was a musical love story. The songs of the movie, especially Aye abr-e-karam..., became popular among the Waheed Murad's and Shabnam's fans. It proved to be one of the greatest hits in the early stage of Shabnam's movie career.
Tehzeeb (1971 movie)

***Tehzeeb***, is a Pakistani Urdu movie. It was released on November 20 1971.

The makers of this movie have been asked to change the lyrics of a reference to Misr might prove detrimental to diplomatic relations with that country. While the line _Laga hai misr ka bazaar dekho_ changed to _Laga hai husn ka bazaar dekho_ in the movie soundtrack, the gramophone records, already sold in good numbers, are beyond redemption.
Modène

**Modène** is a commune of 275 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Modène
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Modene (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Carpentras
- **canton**: Mormoiron
- **insee**: 84077
- **postal code**: 84330
- **intercommunality**: Ventoux-Comtat Venaissin
- **elevation m**: 300
- **elevation min m**: 164
- **elevation max m**: 409
- **area km2**: 4.73
- **population**: 275
- **population date**: 1999
Baharon Ki Manzil (1973 movie)

***Baharon Ki Manzil*** is a 1973 Pakistani movie directed by S. Suleman.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Baharon Ki Manzil
- **caption**: Film poster
- **director**: S. Suleman
- **producer**: Azam J. Irani
- **writer**: Hasan Imtisal
- **starring**: Sangeeta
Shahid (actor), Shahid
Tariq Aziz (actor), Tariq Aziz
Talish
Sabiha
- **music**: Nashad
- **cinematography**: Ali Jan (cinematographer), Ali Jan
- **distributor**: Al-Falah Pictures
- **country**: Pakistan
- **language**: Urdu
Mondragon, Vaucluse

**Mondragon** is a commune of 3,363 people (1999). It is in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Vaucluse department in the south of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Mondragon
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Mondragon (Vaucluse).svg
- **arrondissement**: Avignon
- **canton**: Canton of Bollène, Bollène
- **insee**: 84078
- **postal code**: 84430
- **elevation m**: 23
- **elevation min m**: 34
- **elevation max m**: 217
- **area km2**: 40.65
- **population**: 3,363
- **population date**: 1999
Jaal (1973 movie)

***Jaal*** is a 1973 Pakistani Urdu colour movie. It is a musical and romantic movie. It was produced by Waheed Murad and directed by Iftikhar Khan. It was the first colour movie that was produced by Waheed Murad. The movie was released on 31 August 1973. It starred Waheed Murad, Nisho, Husna, Shaista Qaiser and Nanna. It was the second movie of Waheed Murad with Nisho, first being Mulaqat (released during the same year).

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Jaal (1973 film)
- **director**: Iftikhar Khan
- **producer**: Waheed Murad
- **starring**: Waheed Murad
Nisho
Husna
Shaista Qaiser
Rafi Khawar Nanna, Nanna
- **music**: Nazir Ali
- **distributor**: Film Arts
- **runtime**: 180 minutes
- **country**: Pakistan
- **language**: Urdu
Aina (movie)

***Aina***, () also known as ***The Mirror***, is a 1974 Pakistani movie. It was directed by Nazr-ul-Islam. Singers are Nayyara Noor, Mehnaz and Alamgir. The movie starred Shabnam and Nadeem in the lead roles. It is the longest running Pakistani movie on record. The movie influenced many Indian directors such as Dharmesh Darshan's Raja Hindustani, Aziz Mirza's Chalte Chalte and Deepak Sareen's Aaina.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: **Aina**
- **director**: Nazr-ul-Islam
- **producer**: M. Ahmed Shamsi
- **writer**: Bashir Niaz
- **starring**: Shabnam
Nadeem Baig, Nadeem
Rehan
Bahar
Shahzeb (child actor)
Qavi (guest actor)
- **music**: Robin Ghosh
- **cinematography**: Afzal Chaudhry
- **editing**: Irshad Durrani
- **released**: 18 March 1977
- **runtime**: approx. 3 hours
- **country**: Pakistan
- **language**: Urdu
Beyond the Last Mountain

***Beyond the Last Mountain*** (1976) is a Pakistani English-language movie. It was directed and written by Javed Jabbar. Being Pakistan’s first and only English-language movie, which was shown at the first Bombay International Film Festival in 1976, it was also released in Urdu version with title _Musafir_.
Maula Jatt

***Maula Jatt*** () is one of the most popular movies in the history of Pakistani cinema. It is a Punjabi movie starring actor Sultan Rahi in the lead role and with Aseia and Mustafa Qureshi as the villain Noori Nuth.

_Maula Jutt_ was a classic, a movie that scored heavily and reached cult status both in Pakistan and the Republic of India. Such was the impact of the movie that it was copied by movie makers in India and also in Pakistan where several movies with the suffix "Jatt" were made. However, no copy of this movie could ever hope to match the outstanding dialogues in the movie and the chemistry between Sultan Rahi and Mustafa Qureshi.

This movie belongs to a different genre and represents a culture which is so much part of the rural Punjab (Pakistan).
The Blood of Hussain

***The Blood of Hussain*** is a Pakistani movie directed by Jamil Dehlavi and released in 1980 (released in February 1981 in the UK). The movie was banned throughout Pakistan as the military junta led by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq toppled the government of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.
Shaani

***Shanee*** is a 1989 Pakistani movie starring Babra Sharif, Sheri Malik and Ghulam Mohiuddin and directed by Saeed Rizvi. The movie was known for its special effects which were first used in Pakistan.