Union between Sweden and Norway

The **Union of Sweden and Norway** (; ), officially the **United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway**, was a personal union. It consisted of the separate kingdoms of Sweden and Norway under the same monarch. It lasted from 1814 to 1905. In 1905 Sweden accepted Norway leaving the union. Both states kept their separate constitutions, laws, legislatures, administrations, state churches, armed forces, and currencies. However the kings mostly resided in Stockholm. Stockholm was also the town where foreign diplomatic representations were located.

## Infobox (former country)

- **native name**: <small></small>
<Small></small>
- **conventional long name**: of
- **common name**: Sweden and Norway
- **continent**: Europe
- **region**: Scandinavia
- **country**: Sweden, Norway
- **era**: 19th century
- **status**: State union
- **status text**: Personal union
- **government type**: Constitutional monarchy, Constitutional monarchies
- **event start**: Charles XIII of Sweden, Charles XIII elected king of Norway
- **year start**: 1814
- **date start**: 4 November
- **event end**: Oscar II of Sweden, Oscar II renounces claims to Norway
- **year end**: 1905
- **date end**: 26 October
- **event pre**: Treaty of Kiel
- **date pre**: 14 January 1814
- **event1**: Constitution of Norway amended
- **date event1**: 4 November 1814
- **event2**: Scandinavian Monetary Union, Monetary union
- **date event2**: 16 October 1875
- **event3**: Norway declares independence
- **date event3**: 7 June 1905
- **event4**: Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden, Union dissolved
- **date event4**: 13 August 1905
- **p1**: History of Sweden (1772–1809)
- **flag p1**: Naval Ensign of Sweden.svg
- **border p1**: no
- **p2**: Kingdom of Norway (1814)
- **flag p2**: Flag of Norway 1814.png
- **s1**: Sweden
- **flag s1**: Flag of Sweden.svg
- **s2**: Norway
- **flag s2**: Flag of Norway.svg
- **image flag**: Jack of Sweden and Norway (1844–1905).svg
- **flag**: Union mark of Norway and Sweden
- **flag type**: Union mark and diplomatic flag 1844–1905
- **image coat**: Coat of Arms of the Union between Sweden and Norway.svg
- **image map**: Norway-Sweden 1905.svg
- **image map caption**: Sweden and Norway in 1905
- **capital**: Stockholm & Oslo, Christiania<sup>#inforefa, [a]</sup>
- **common languages**: Swedish language, Swedish, Danish language, Danish, Norwegian language, Norwegian<sup>#inforefb, [b]</sup>, Sami languages, Western Sami languages
- **religion**: Protestantism, Protestant (Lutheranism, Lutheran) Christianity
- **title leader**: King
- **leader1**: Charles XIII of Sweden, Charles XIII/II
- **year leader1**: 1814–1818
- **leader2**: Charles XIV John of Sweden, Charles XIV/III John
- **year leader2**: 1818–1844
- **leader3**: Oscar I of Sweden, Oscar I
- **year leader3**: 1844–1859
- **leader4**: Charles XV of Sweden, Charles XV/IV
- **year leader4**: 1859–1872
- **leader5**: Oscar II of Sweden, Oscar II
- **year leader5**: 1872–1905
- **stat year1**: 1820
- **stat pop1**: 3550000<sup>#inforefc, [c]</sup>
- **stat year2**: 1905
- **stat pop2**: 7560000<sup>#inforefc, [c]</sup>
- **stat year3**: 1905
- **stat area3**: 774184
- **legislature**: **Legislatures:**<sup>#inforefd, [d]</sup>
- **house1**: Swedish Parliament of the Estates, Swedish Parliament
- **type house1**: Swedish legislature
- **house2**: Parliament of Norway
- **type house2**: Norwegian legislature
- **currency**: **Sweden:**
Swedish riksdaler, Riksdaler,
<small>(1814–1873)</small>
Swedish krona, Krona
<small>(1873–1905)</small>
**Norway:**
Norwegian speciedaler, Speciedaler,
<small>(1814–1875)</small>
Norwegian krone, Krone
<small>(1875–1905)</small>
- **footnotes**: a. **#infoa, ^** The king resided alternately in Stockholm (mostly) and Oslo, Christiania (usually some months of each year). He received ministers from both Sweden and Norway in Union _council_, or separately in only Swedish or Norwegian _councils_. The majority of the Norwegian cabinet ministers convened in Christiania when the king was absent.
b. **#infob, ^** The written Norwegian language ceased to exist in the first half of the 16th century and was replaced by Danish. Written Danish was still used during the union with Sweden, but was slightly norwegianized in the latter half of the 19th century. In 1885, the Parliament of Norway accepted Landsmål as an official written language at par with Danish.
c. **#infoc, ^** 1820: 2,585,000 in Sweden, and 970,000 in Norway.
 1905: 5,260,000 in Sweden, and 2,300,000 in Norway.
d. **#infod, ^** The Swedish Parliament was a Swedish Parliament of the Estates, diet composed of four estates until 1866. That year it became into a History of the Parliament of Sweden, bicameral legislature. The Parliament of Norway was a unicameral legislature. In the Norwegian parliament the cabinet needed support from the majority.