juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Riverside Stadium

The **Riverside Stadium** is a football stadium in Middlesbrough,England. The stadium is the homeground of Middlesbrough F.C. since its opening.  Its present capacity is 33,746 all seated. There is provisional permission to expand the stadium to 42,000 if it is needed.

## History

The stadium was built in 1994/95. It replaced Ayresome Park. After the Taylor Report from 1990 all top league clubs must have all seater stadiums. Because the space was limited to enlarge Ayresome Park the club decided to built a new stadium. This stadium was built in only 32 weeks on the Middlehaven site by the River Tees.

The building had 30 000 seats but was enlarged to its present capacity in 1998. 4 900 seats were built in the north and west corners.

## International matches

During the construction of the new Wembley stadium the English nationalteam toured the country. The Riverside was chosen to host the Euro 2004 qualifying match against Slovakia on 11 June 2003. But also some U21 matches were held.

|Date||Result||Competition|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|31 August 2000||6–1||Under-21 Friendly|
|4 September 2001||5–0||2002 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualification|
|11 June 2003||2–1||2004 UEFA European Football Championship qualification|
|7 August 2004||3–1||Under-21 Friendly|
|29 March 2005||2–0||2006 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship qualification|

## Records

- Record Attendance (All teams):  35,000 England v Slovakia, 11 June 2003, (Euro 2004 qualifier)
- Record Attendance (Middlesbrough):  34,836 v Norwich City, 28 December 2004 (FA Premier League)

## Other websites

- Riverside Stadium
- Riverside Stadium on the Official Homepage MFC

## Infobox (stadium)

- **stadium name**: **Riverside Stadium**
- **image**: MFC Riverside Entrance.JPG
- **caption**: Entrance to the Riverside Stadium with the gates of the former Ayresome Park, and statues of George Hardwick and Wilf Mannion
- **location**: Middlesbrough, England
- **built**: 1994-95
- **opened**: 26 August 1995
- **owner**: Middlesbrough Borough Council
- **operator**: Middlesbrough F.C.
- **surface**: grass
- **construction cost**: 16 millions pounds
- **tenants**:  Middlesbrough F.C.
- **seating capacity**: 34,742
- **dimensions**: 115 x 75 yards (105 x 69 m)
- **capacity**: 33,746
Jōwa (Heian period)

was a  after _Tenchō_ and before _Kashō._  This period started in January 834  and ended in July 848.  During this time, the emperors were  and .

## Events of the _Jōwa_ era

There were disturbances when Emperor Junna abdicated; and this time was called _Jōwa no Hen._

- **834** (_Jōwa 1_): Emperor Ninmyō planted a cherry tree near the shishinden to replace the tree Emperor Kammu planted when the capital of Japan was moved to Heian-kyō (Kyoto).

- **834** (_Jōwa 1_): Kukai was permitted to create a Buddhist chapel at the Imperial Palace.

- **11 June 840** (_Jōwa 7, 8th day of the 5th month_): Former-Emperor Junna died at the age of 55.

- **841** (_Jōwa 8, 11th month_): A broom star was seen in the west.

- **24 August 842** (_Jōwa 9, 15th day of the 7th month_): Former-Emperor Saga died at the age of 57.

- **843** (_Jōwa 10_): Work was completed on the _Nihon kōki_.

Coins minted from 835 to 847 were known as _Jōwa-shōhō_.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Jōwa|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|8th|9th|10th|11th|12th|13th|14th|15th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||834|835|836|837|838|839|840|841|842|843|844|845|846|847|848|
American Contract Bridge League

The **American Contract Bridge League** (ACBL) is a contract bridge federation in North America. It is the largest contract bridge organization in North America. It promotes the game of bridge in the United States, Mexico, Bermuda, and Canada. It is a member of the World Bridge Federation.

It was established in 1937 in New York City. Its headquarters are now in Horn Lake, Mississippi. It has a full-time staff of 75 employees in the headquarters, plus about 170 tournament directors throughout the country.

## Other websites

- ACBL official website
United States Chess Federation

The **United States Chess Federation** (USCF) is the national chess federation in the United States. It is the U.S. member of FIDE. It was established in 1939, and at present It based in Crossville, Tennessee.

USCF organizes or sanctions over 20 national championships. It provides the main rating system for tournament chess in the United States. It does this together with about 2,000 affiliates, mostly chess clubs and local chess organizations. It publishes a magazine, _Chess Life_, for its members and for general sale. Its membership is about 80,000.

## Organisation

- President: Ruth Haring
- Vice president: Gary Walters

## Presidents

- 1939 – 1942 ; George Sturgis
- 1943 – 1948 ; Elbert Wagner, Jr.
- 1948 – 1951 ; Paul Geirs
- 1951 – 1954 ; Harold M. Phillips
- 1954 – 1957 ; Frank Graves
- 1957 – 1960 ; Jerry Spann
- 1960 – 1963 ; Fred Cramer
- 1963 – 1966 ; Ed Edmondson
- 1966 – 1969 ; Marshall Rohland
- 1969 – 1972 ; Leroy Dubeck
- 1972 – 1975 ; Frank Skoff
- 1975 – 1978 ; George Koltanowski
- 1978 – 1981 ; Gerald Sperling
- 1981 – 1984 ; Tim Redman
- 1984 – 1987 ; Steven Doyle
- 1987 – 1990 ; Harold Winston
- 1990 – 1993 ; Maxim Dlugy
- 1993 – 1996 ; Denis Barry
- 1996 – 1999 ; Don Schultz
- 1999 – 2000 ; Bob Smith
- 2000 – 2001 ; Tim Redman
- 2001 – 2003 ; John McCrary
- 2003 – 2005 ; Beatriz Marinello
- 2005 – 2008 ; Bill Goichberg
- 2009 – 2011 ; Jim Berry
- 2011 ; Ruth Haring

## Other websites

- United States Chess Federation (USCF)

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: United States Chess Federation
- **formation**: 1939
- **type**: Chess organization
- **headquarters**: Crossville, Tennessee
- **membership**: about 80,000
- **leader title**: President
- **leader name**: Ruth Haring
- **website**: [http://www.uschess.org/ United States Chess Federation (USCF)]
Spoken word

**Spoken word** is a type of poetry that is used to express words without any form of music. Spoken words are used in studio albums with typically the artist speaking about their experience on writing the album or any memories they share with writing the album.
United States Backgammon Federation

The **United States Backgammon Federation** (USBGF) is an organisation who are in charge of backgammon in the United States. They were founded in 1939.
The president is Perry Partner.

## American backgammon players

- Kit Woolsey
Fad

A **fad** is a type of behavior that develops in a large population. A trend happens when a large group of people begin liking an object, thing, hobby or a person in a short period of time. This can also include fashion, when a large group of people like a type of clothing and having it "sold out" in a short period of time.
Latin pop

**Latin pop** is a type of popular music that originated in Spanish-speaking countries. Latin pop songs are songs recorded in an up-tempo form. These songs are usually recorded in Spanish. Latin pop songs that have a lot of airplay can peak in _Billboard_ charts such as the Hot Latin Tracks, Latin Pop Songs, Latin Pop Airplay and the Tropical/Salsa Songs charts.
Music of Mexico

**Music of Mexico** has a lot of different forms of music genres that are performed by Mexican musicians.

### Folk music

The corrido is a type of narrative song that tells a story. Corridos are recorded as a ballad and sometimes as a duet with another artist. Traditional folk music is a type of folk music that is sung by ordinary people. In popular music, this can include the ranchera, mariachi and conjunto music. Mexican folk music are based on instruments such as the violin and guitar. Mexican sones are a type of ranchera music that developed when the Spanish evaded Mexico. Tejano music is a type of folk music mixed with R&B and country. Tejano (or Tex-Mex music) is popularized in South Texas and North Mexico. Tejano began when the Germans settled in South Texas during the 1600s and brought musical instruments to the native people. Ever since, Tejano has grown to become the most widely known type of music in Mexico and has its own music awards held annually in San Antonio, Texas. "The Queen of Tejano music" is Selena and "The King of Tejano music" is Emilio Navaria. Banda and Norteño are two music genres that formed from Tejano music.

### Cumbia and pop

The cumbia music is also popular in Mexico and was brought by the Cubans. "Bolero", which originated from Puerto Rico, is popular in Mexico as a mixed style with cumbia music. In recent year, Mexican Pop music has seen the rise in popularity beginning in the 2000s.
Surveyor general

The **Surveyor General** is a government's official surveyor. They would be responsible for surveying a particular country or area. These would once have been military jobs, but now they are mainly civilian positions.

The following Surveyor General positions exist, or have existed historically:
- Surveyor General (Canada):
    - Arpenteur général du Québec
    - Surveyor General of Ontario
- Surveyor General (Australia)
    - Surveyor General of New South Wales
    - Surveyor General of South Australia
    - Surveyor General of Victoria
    - Surveyor General of Western Australia
- Surveyor General of Cornwall
- Surveyor General of India
- Surveyor General of Ireland
- Surveyor General of New Netherland
- The Surveyor General of Pakistan
- Surveyor General of Sri Lanka (formal Surveyor General of Ceylon)
- Surveyor General of the United States
    - Surveyor General of North Carolina
    - Surveyor General of the Northwest Territory
- Surveyor General of Hong Kong

Surveyor Generals are also known from former centralized markets enterprises and divisions created after finish of 2nd WW. They controled organized development of industrial areas based on coordination of existing plants layouts with future investment projects. Example as former VSZ n.p., etc.
Australian National Botanic Gardens

The **Australian National Botanic Gardens** (ANBG) are in Canberra. They are under the control of the Australian Government's Department of the Environment and Heritage.

The botanic gardens are the largest living collection of native Australian plants. The garen was set up to study and promote Australia's plants. The garden keeps a wide variety of resources for researchers and grows native plants threatened in the wild.

## History of the Gardens

The Advisory Council of Federal Capital Territory recommended the setting up of a National Botanic Garden in 1933. A large site for the gardens was set aside on Black Mountain. In September 1949, the first trees were planted by Prime Minister Ben Chifley and Director of Kew Gardens, Sir Edward Salisbury. The Gardens were officially opened in October 1970 by Prime Minister John Gorton.

The Gardens has over  on Black Mountain. About  have been used for the Botanic Gardens. Plans for the development of the remaining land are on hold until money is available.

## The collection

The gardens is organised in sections; plants are grouped by shared taxonomy or are presented in groupings that exist in nature. More than 5,500 species are cultivated. Displays include:
- Rainforest Gully, featuring plants for the rainforests of Eastern Australia.
- Rock Garden, a display of plants which occur in habitats from the desert to alpine areas.
- Sydney Region Flora, a display of plants found in the sandstone formations of the Sydney basin.
- Mallee Plants, the mallees is the name given to multi-stemmed eucalypts and the shrubs and grasses associated with them.
- Banksias, waratahs and grevilleas (family Proteaceae)
- _Callistemon_, _Leptospermum_ and _Melaleuca_ (family Myrtaceae)
- The Eucalypt Lawn, features about 20% of Australian eucalypt species.
- Wattles (Genus Acacia)

## Research at the Gardens

The Australian National Herbarium is at the National Botanic Gardens. The Herbarium houses the largest collection of pressed, dried plant specimens in Australia. The Herbarium is operated jointly with the CSIRO as part of a joint research facility, the Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research. It is not open to the public. The Australian National Herbarium is participating in the creation of Australia's Virtual Herbarium (AVH), a web based record of botanical information. This includes six million specimen records displaying geographic distribution, images, descriptive text and identification tools.

The Gardens manages several large plant databases, including What's its Name? This is a simple point of access to the more complex 'Australian Plant Name Index' APNI listing all the scientific names ever used for Australia's plants. A large collection of photographs is also available.

The Gardens' library has important collections of botanical books, journals, CD-ROMs and maps. The library is open to students and the public by appointment.

## Related pages

- List of botanical gardens

## Other websites

- Australian National Botanic Gardens
- What's its name? A searchable database for the Australian Plant Name Index
Tokyo Mew Mew

***Tokyo Mew Mew*** (also known as ***Mew Mew Power*** in English) is a manga/anime series by Mia Ikumi and Reiko Yoshida. The series is about five girls who are able to change into superwomen based on endangered species. The girls fight a group of three aliens, Quiche, Pie, and Tart, who plan to take over Earth. The aliens attack the girls by creating "chimera animals" that the girls fight.

The manga was published from 2000 to 2003. The anime was broadcast from April 6, 2002 until March 29, 2003. It was broadcast on both TV Aichi and TV Tokyo.

## References

- _Tokyo Mew Mew_ volume 1

## Infobox (animanga/header)

- **name**: Tokyo Mew Mew
- **image**: TokyoMewMewLogo.png
- **alt**: Tokyo Mew Mew Logo
- **ja kanji**: 東京ミュウミュウ
- **ja romaji**: Tōkyō Myū Myū
- **genre**: Magical girl


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: manga
- **author**: Reiko Yoshida
- **illustrator**: Mia Ikumi
- **publisher**: Kodansha
- **demographic**: _Shōjo manga, Shōjo_
- **magazine**: Nakayoshi
- **first**: September 2000
- **last**: February 2003
- **volumes**: 7
- **volume list**: List of Tokyo Mew Mew chapters


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: tv series
- **director**: Noriyuki Abe
- **producer**: Akifumi Takayanagi
Hideyuki Kachi
Ken Hagino
Noboru Yamada
- **writer**: Masashi Sogo
- **music**: Takayuki Negishi
- **studio**: Pierrot (company), Pierrot
- **network**: Aichi Television Broadcasting, TV Aichi, TV Tokyo
- **first**: April 6, 2002
- **last**: March 29, 2003
- **episodes**: 52
- **episode list**: List of Tokyo Mew Mew episodes


## Infobox (animanga/game)

- **title**: Hamepane Tokyo Mew Mew
- **developer**: Winkysoft
- **publisher**: Takara
- **released**: July 11, 2002
- **genre**: Puzzle video game, Puzzle game
- **platforms**: Game Boy Advance


## Infobox (animanga/game)

- **title**: Tokyo Mew Mew – Tōjō Shin Mew Mew! – Minna Issho ni Gohōshi Suru Nyan
- **developer**: Winkysoft
- **publisher**: Takara
- **released**: December 5, 2002
- **genre**: Role-playing video game
- **platforms**: PlayStation (console), PlayStation


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: manga
- **title**: Tokyo Mew Mew à la Mode
- **author**: Mia Ikumi
- **publisher**: Kodansha
- **demographic**: _Shōjo_
- **magazine**: Nakayoshi
- **first**: April 2003
- **last**: February 2004
- **volumes**: 2
- **volume list**: List of Tokyo Mew Mew chapters#Tokyo Mew Mew a la Mode


## Infobox (animanga/footer)
Local ordinance

A **local ordinance** is a law usually found in a **municipal code**.

## United States

In the United States, these laws are enforced locally in addition to state law and federal law.  In some states, the state legislature has limited the scope of local ordinances.  This approach was made popular by John Forrest Dillon called the "Dillon Rule". The law in such states says that local governments could only adopt ordinances when the state gives them authority on particular subjects. States that do not follow the Dillon Rule believe that local government has inherent (unstated) powers of self-government. In those states, local government can make ordinances on any subject not prohibited by the state legislature.

## Japan

In Japan, any prefecture or municipality may pass  under authority granted by Article 94 of the Constitution.

There must generally be a statutory basis for an ordinance, the ordinance must be in compliance with any overlapping statutes (although it may impose a stricter standard or penalty), and the ordinance must be related to the affairs of the local government in question.

Ordinances must generally be approved by a local assembly and promulgated by the mayor or governor of the local government in question, who may demand a second vote but may not veto the ordinance.

Under the Local Autonomy Law, an ordinance may impose a penalty of up to two years imprisonment and/or 1 million yen in fines, although any penalty under an ordinance must be prescribed in accordance with the Code of Criminal Procedure.  There are even some ordinances, such as bans on smoking on the street, for which the police in some districts state that there is no penalty for failure to obey the ordinance.

## British colonies

All laws enacted by the legislature of British colonies are referred to as _Ordinances_, which sometimes delegate power to other parties (usually government departments) to make subsidiary legislations that supplement the Ordinances. In Hong Kong, all laws enacted by the territory's Legislative Council remain to be known as _Ordinances_, despite the transfer of the territory to the People's Republic of China in 1997.
John Gardner (composer)

**John Linton Gardner**,  (born Manchester, 2 March 1917; died Liss, Hampshire, 12 December 2011) was an English composer of classical music.  He is particularly remembered for his church music, especially for his setting of the carol _Tomorrow shall be my dancing day_.

## Early life and education

Gardner was born in Manchester, England and brought up in Ilfracombe, North Devon. His father was a doctor and amateur composer who was killed while fighting at the end of the First World War.

Gardner went to school at Eagle House and Wellington College and studied at Exeter College, Oxford. He enjoyed jazz, but concentrated on classical music and soon started to compose. An _Intermezzo for Organ_ was published by Oxford University Press in 1936. In the same year he got an organ scholarship to Exeter College, Oxford. He got to know the composer Arthur Benjamin and dedicated his _Rhapsody for Oboe and String Quartet_ (1935) to him. At Oxford he became friendly with Theodor Adorno with whom he played piano duets.

## Career

Gardner went to Repton School to teach music, but after two terms World War II started and he joined the RAF. He conducted the RAF band and played the piano for the dance band. He enjoyed playing jazz and started a swing band.  Later in the war he was a navigator in the fighting.

After the war Gardner got a job as repetiteur at the Royal Opera House. He rejected all the music he had composed (although he did not throw it away) and started again by calling his next piece his opus 1. His First Symphony was numbered opus 2. It was a mature work and made him famous. He resigned from his job at the opera house and he had time to concentrate on composing. He wrote _Cantiones Sacrae_ for the Three Choirs Festival in 1952 and an opera _The Moon and Sixpence_ which was performed at Sadler’s Well in 1957.

In 1956, he was invited by Thomas Armstrong to teach at the Royal Academy of Music. For 30 years he was professor of harmony and counterpoint there. A few years later he also had a part-time job as Director of Music at St Paul's Girls' School in London, where Gustav Holst and Herbert Howells had taught.

Gardner wrote a lot of music for his pupils and also worked on holiday programs. He composed a total of about 300 works. The carol _Tomorrow shall be my Dancing Day_ is particularly famous. It has a lively rhythm with time signatures that keep changing.

## Awards

He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1976.

## Personal life

He married in 1955 and had one son and two daughters.

## Other websites and references

- John Gardner at Oxford University Press
- John Gardner official website
- ”John Gardner - Obituary, The Independent, 26 Dec 2011 p.47.
Sadler's Wells Theatre

**Sadler's Wells Theatre** is a performing arts theatre in London.  It is in Rosebery Avenue, Clerkenwell in the London Borough of Islington.  The theatre which now stands is the sixth building that has been there since 1683.  There are two performance spaces: a 1,500 seat main auditorium and the Lilian Baylis Studio.  There are many rehearsal rooms and technical facilities. Sadler's Wells is one of the most important theatres for dance in the United Kingdom.  Several dance companies perform there.

During World War II the theatre was closed and the dance and opera companies toured to many parts of the United Kingdom.  After World War II the dance company was renamed Sadler's Wells Ballet. The opera company became the English National Opera.  When the theatre reopened they performed Benjamin Britten's opera _Peter Grimes_.

In 1946 the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden reopened and the ballet company was invited to become the resident company there. A second ballet company was formed to perform at Sadler's Wells. This was called the Sadler's Wells Theatre Ballet. In 1956 the Sadler's Wells company later moved to Covent Garden where it became The Royal Ballet Touring Company. After a number of years as a touring group, it returned to Sadler's Wells in 1976, becoming the Sadler's Wells Royal Ballet.

In 1990 the  Sadler's Wells Royal Ballet moved to Birmingham and changed its name to Birmingham Royal Ballet. Since then there has not been a resident ballet company at Sadler's Wells.

The opera company moved out of Sadler's Wells Theatre to the London Coliseum in 1968 and was later renamed English National Opera. Sadler's Wells Theatre was used by foreign companies and by dancers at the beginning of their careers. The Lilian Baylis Theatre opened in 1988.

The theatre that now stands was opened in 1998.  The first performance was of _Iolanthe_ and was given by Rambert Dance Company.

## Other websites

- Sadlers Wells website
- Independentopera in Sadler's Wells
Han Myeong-hoe

**Han Myeong-hoe** (한명회, 1415 - 1487) was a Korean Joseon Dynasty politician, writer, and soldier. He was the father-in-law of King Yejong of Joseon (the 8th King of Joseon Dynasty) and Seongjong of Joseon (9th King of Joseon Dynasty and nephew of Yejong of Joseon).

His daughter, Queen Jangsun, married King Yejong of Joseon. Another daughter, Queen Gonghye, married King Seongjong of joseon.

## Other websites

- http://koreandb.nate.com/history/people/detail?sn=13136
- Han Myung-hoi:Navercast
- http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=186312
Kashō

**Kashō** may mean:

- Kashō (early Heian period), a Japanese era name (848-851)
- Kashō (late Heian period), a Japanese era name (1106–1108)
CAE Global Academy

**CAE Global Academy** is a flight school network. It is owned by Canadian group CAE.

## Members

- CAE Global Academy Amsterdam (formerly ) (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
- CAE Global Academy Brussels (formerly Sabena Flight Academy) (Brussels, Belgium)
- CAE Global Academy Douala (formerly Sabena Flight Academy Africa) (Douala, Cameroon)
- CAE Global Academy Évora (formerly ) (Evora, Portugal)
- CAE Global Academy Gondia (formerly National Flying Institute) (Gondia, India)
- CAE Global Academy Langkawi (formerly HM Aerospace) (Langkawi, Malaysia)
- CAE Global Academy Moncton (formerly Moncton Flight College) (Moncton, Canada)
- CAE Global Academy Perth (formerly China Southern West Australian Flying College)  (Perth, Australia)
- CAE Global Academy Phoenix (formerly Sabena Airline Training Center) (Phoenix, USA)
- CAE Global Academy Rae Bareli (formerly Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Uran Akademi) (Rae Bareli, India)
- CAE Global Academy San Diego (formerly SAA Flight Training) (San Diego, USA)

## Other websites

- Official website
Shoku Nihongi

is an ancient history of Japan written in 797.

This work is the second of the _Rikkokushi_ ("Six National Histories").  It was written after the _Nihon Shoki_ and before the _Nihon Kōki_.

Sugeno Mamichi was the main editor.

_Shoku Nihongi_ is a primary historical source of information about Japan's Nara period.

The work covers the 95-year period from the beginning of Emperor Mommu's reign in 697 until the 10th year of Emperor Kammu's reign in 791.   The text is an account of nine imperial reigns.

## Further reading

- Sakamoto, Tarō. (1991). _The Six National Histories of Japan_ (tr. John S. Brownlee). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.

## Other websites

- _Shoku Nihongi_ text
- _Shoku Nihongi_  text
- Waseda University Library, _Shoku Nihongi_ manuscript
France AEROTECH

**France AEROTECH** is the name of the French national network for aeronautical and space universities (named _grandes écoles_ in French).

It was created in 2011 by _Arts et Métiers ParisTech_, _École Centrale de Lyon_, _École Centrale de Nantes_, École nationale de l'aviation civile and _École nationale supérieure d'électronique, informatique, télécommunications, mathématiques et mécanique de Bordeaux_.

The goals of France AEROTECH are to provide French courses abroad, to develop international research projects and courses in aeronautical and space engineering, and to help emerging markets.

To achieve all these projects, the universities created a summer program in embedded systems and a master in airworthiness.
Belize City

**Belize City** is the largest city in Belize.  Belize City is not the capital of Belize.  61,461 people live in Belize City.
María Fernanda Morales

**María Fernanda Morales** (born in Mexico City, November 7, 1970) is a prolific Mexican voice actress. Morales is most known for the voice of Saori Kido in _Saint Seiya_, Kimi Finster in _Rugrats_ and _All Grown Up!_, and Sailor Venus in _Sailor Moon_ among other works she has worked on.

### Television animation

- All Grown Up! (Kimi Finster (Dionne Quan))
- Captain N: The Game Master (Princess Lana (Venus Terzo))
- Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers (Chip (Tress MacNeille))
- Corrector Yui (Yui Kasuga (Makiko Ōmoto))
- Talespin (Molly Cunningham (Janna Michaels), Princess Lotta L'Amour (Kath Soucie))
- DuckTales (Hugo, Paco and Luis (Russi Taylor))
- Ed, Edd y Eddy (Johnny (second voice) (David Paul Grove))
- Rugrats (Kimi Finster (Dionne Quan))
- The Powerpuff Girls (Brick, second voice) (Rob Paulsen))
- Sailor Moon (Sailor Venus (Rika Fukami))
- Saint Seiya (Athena (Saint Seiya) (Keiko Han, Fumiko Orikasa
- Zatch Bell! (Kido, Li-en))
- Invader Zim (Tak)

## OVA

- Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue (Hugo, Paco and Luis (Russi Taylor)
- FernGully: The Last Rainforest (Crysta (Samantha Mathis))
- FernGully 2: The Magical Rescue (Crysta (Laura Elrich))
- The Lion King 1½ (Adult Nala (Moira Kelly))
- The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (Nala (Moira Kelly))
- Once Upon a Forest (Abigail) (Ellen Blain)
- The Iron Giant (Annie Hughes) (Jennifer Aniston)
- Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse (Chip and Hugo, Paco and Luis (Tress MacNeille and Tony Anselmo).

### Theater animation

- Kiki's Delivery Service (Ursula (Minami Takayama))
- The Lion King (Adult Nala (Moira Kelly))
- Los Caballeros del Zodíaco: La Película (Athena)
- Space Jam (Lola Bunny (Kath Soucie))
- Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (Aki Ross (Ming-Na))

### Dubbing roles

- Spider-Man 2 (Ursula Ditkovich (Mageina Tovah))
- Spider-Man 3 (Ursula Ditkovitch (Mageina Tovah))

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: María Fernanda Morales
- **image**: Mafer-Morales2.jpg
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **birth name**: María Fernanda del Carmen Morales Ponce de León
- **other names**: María Morales
- **relatives**: Ada Morales (aunt)
Katie Leigh

**Katherine "Katie" Leigh** (born on December 16, 1958 in Carmel, California) is an American voice actress best known for her role as Connie Kendall on the Focus on the Family radio program _Adventures in Odyssey_ since 1987. She has voice acted in both television and movie roles.

## Television roles

- _Aladdin_ - Additional Voices
- _All-New Dennis the Menace_ - Gina Gillotti, Joey MacDonald
- _Animalia_ - Zoe, Fushia Fox, Snipsy Alligator and Echo Elephant
- _As Told By Ginger_ - Jr. Harris and Jr. Harris Jr.
- _Darkwing Duck_ - Honker Muddlefoot
- _Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds _ - Juliette
- _Dumbo's Circus_ - Umbo
- _Dungeons and Dragons_ - Sheila the Thief
- _Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears_ - Sunni Gummi
- _Jim Henson's Muppet Babies_ - Baby Rowlf
- _My Little Pony_ - Sundance, Fizzy, Baby Shady, Additional voices
- _Poppy Cat_ - Mo
- _The Real Ghost Busters_ - Jason, Cindy
- _Slimer! And the Real Ghostbusters_ - Jason
- _Richie Rich (1996 TV series)_ - Richie
- _Rugrats_ - Additional Voices
- _The Adventures of the Little Prince_ - Little Prince (English Version)
- _The Mr. Men Show_ - Little Miss Chatterbox, Little Miss Daredevil and Little Miss Helpful
- _Totally Spies!_ - Alex (Seasons 1 and 2 only)
- _Zatch Bell!_ - Pamoon
- _Olivia_ - Lily, Additional voices
- _Blue Dragon_ - Noe
- _Pound Puppies_ - Additional voices
- _Hi Hi Puffy Ami Yumi_ - King Chad, Madame Blubbery, Pierre, and Parsephus
- _Pandamonium_ - Peggy

## Movie roles

- _Babe: Pig in the City_ - Hungry Kitten
- _Lorenzo's Oil_ - Lorenzo (ADR)
- _The Color Purple_ - Esther (ADR)
- _My Little Pony: The Movie_ - Fizzy, Baby Sundance
- _Surviving: A Family in Crisis_ - ADR for Heather O'Rourke

## Radio roles

- _Adventures in Odyssey_ - Connie Kendall

## Video game roles

- _Star Ocean: First Departure_ - Millie Chliette
- _Grim Fandango_ - Bibi
- _Silent Hill_ - Boy
- _Nerf-n-Strike_ - Asian boy
- _Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom_ - Maharajah

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Katie Leigh
- **image**: File:Katie Leigh 2014.png
- **birthname**: Katherine Leigh
- **birth place**: Carmel, California, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Voice actress
- **yearsactive**: 1981 – present
- **othername**: Kati Leigh, Katy Leigh
- **website**: http://www.katieleigh.com/
Roger Bannister

**Sir Roger Gilbert Bannister**  (23 March 1929 – 3 March 2018) was an English athlete, physician and educator. He is best known for being the first person to run the mile in less than four minutes. Many people thought this was impossible, a natural limit of the human body, until he did it in 1954.

Bannister was born in Harrow, Middlesex. He was the first recipient of the _Sports Illustrated_ "Sportsman of the Year" award in January 1955. He was a neurologist and Master of Pembroke College, Oxford. He retired in 2001.

Bannister was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 2011. He died of the disease on 3 March 2018 in Oxford, England at the age of 88.

## Quotations

- "We run, not only because we think it is doing us good, but ... because it helps us to do other things better."
- The man who can drive himself further once the effort gets painful is the man who will win.
- "Every morning in Africa, a gazelle wakes up.  It knows it must outrun the fastest lion or it will be killed.  Every morning in Africa, a lion wakes up.  It knows it must run faster than the slowest gazelle, or it will starve. It doesn't matter whether you're a lion or a gazelle--when the sun comes up, you'd better be running."
Kumbia Kings

**Kumbia Kings** (or **Los Kumbia Kings**) are a reggaeton band formed by A.B. Quintanilla III in 1999. They won several Latin Grammy Awards for their albums. In 2007, Quintanilla III formed a new band called Kumbia All Starz because of conflicts from other band members. Frankie J became a successful R&B singer after he left to become a solo artist. Selena's widower Chris Perez joined both of the bands but left in 2010 to start his own band with Joe Ojeda, originally a keyboardist from Selena y Los Dinos.

## Other websites

- Official Website
- Kumbia All Starz Website
- Kumbia Kings Billboard
- www.KumbiaKingsBlog.com

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kumbia Kings
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Corpus Christi, Texas, United States
- **genre**: Cumbia, reggae, Latin pop, Hip hop music, hip hop, Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **years active**: 1999–2006, 2009–2010
 Kumbia All Starz (2006–present)
 Los Super Reyes (2007–present)
- **label**: EMI
- **associated acts**: A.B. Quintanilla, Selena, Cruz Martínez, Frankie J, DJ Kane, Chris Pérez, Abel Talamantez, Pee Wee (entertainer), Pee Wee, Kingz One (K1), Kumbia All Starz, Los Super Reyes, Nando y Solja Kingz, 24Kilatez
Adult Contemporary

The **Adult Contemporary** is a weekly music chart that is published on the _Billboard_ magazine. It lists the top 30 popular songs. It measures the top 30 songs depending on its airplay, digital download sales, and single sales. It is only based on 85 radio stations that play adult contemporary music. The chart first appeared on the July 17, 1961 issue of _Billboard_ magazine.

## Recurrents

The **Hot Adult Contemporary Recurrents** lists the top 10 adult contemporary songs that are one year old but are still being played on radios.

## Other charts

The Adult Top 40 chart was released in 1996. This lists only lists the top 40 adult contemporary songs. The Top 40 Mainstream ranks both adult contemporary songs and dance-pop songs on 141 radio stations.

## Related pages

- Billboard charts
Billboard Latin Music Awards

The ***Billboard*** **Latin Music Awards** is an awards ceremony honoring artists who perform Latin music. The awards ceremony are held annually by _Billboard_ magazine.
Ninju

was a  after _Kashō_ and before _Saikō._  This period started in April 851 and ended in November 854.  During this time, the emperor was  .

## Events of the _Ninju_ era

- **852** (_Ninju 2, 2nd month_): A broom star was seen in the west.

- **853** (_Ninju 3, 2nd month_): The emperor visited the home of  Fujiwara Yoshifusa, who was the grandfather of his designated heir.

- **853** (_Ninju 3, 5th month_): Asama Shrine in Suruga province is given national ranking in the lists of shrines and temples.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Ninju|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||851|852|853|854|
Bridge (music)

A **bridge** in popular music is a form of musical notes contrasting with one another.
Wind chimes

**Wind chimes** are chimes that are made up of tubes, rods, bells or other objects that are made of wood or metal. Wind chimes are usually hung outside a house near a garden. They make sounds when the wind blows the parts to collide. In popular music, wind chimes can be used for harmonic music.

Wind chimes, usually of bronze, were used in ancient Rome, India, and China.
Scat singing

**Scat singing** is used in jazz music. It is performed by using the voice to make sounds, but not using any recognisable words. A singer would improvise (make up) a solo using nonsense syllables, which is like a musical instrument solo in a song. Scat singing probably started when singers like Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald began to use their voices to copy the sounds of instruments.
Triglav (mythology)

**Triglav** was an old Slavic god. The highest mountain in Slovenia is also called Triglav. Its name means " three-headed " in Slovene. An insurance company also uses the name Triglav.

Other myths are related to Triglav. These include _Zlatorog_. Zlatorog is an immortal mountain goat. It has gold horns. It is currently being used as a logo for a brand of beer.  On a mountain near Triglav, there is a formation in the rocks of the mountain that looks like the face of a Giant girl. This is said to be proof of the Giants.
Master Lock

**Master Lock** is one of the leading lock manufacturers. Master Lock's products include padlocks, door locks, and lock hasps. Master Lock was founded in 1921 by Harry Soref. Master Lock is famous for their television ad showing a Master Lock #15 surviving a shot from a .30 caliber rifle.
Partnership of a European Group of Aeronautics and Space Universities

**Partnership of a European Group of Aeronautics and Space UniversitieS** (**PEGASUS**) is the biggest network for aeronautical and space universities in Europe. It has been created in 1998 by the French National aeronautical universities (ENAC, ENSMA and ISAE).

The European manufacturers like Airbus have close contact with PEGASUS network.

## Members

The network consists of 24 universities in 9 countries:

- In France : École de l'Air, École nationale de l'aviation civile, École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique de Poitiers and Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace.
- In United Kingdom : Cranfield University, University of Bristol and University of Glasgow.
- In Germany : Dresden University of Technology, Darmstadt University of Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Technical University of Berlin, Technical University of Braunschweig, Technical University of Munich and University of Stuttgart.
- In Italy : Politecnico di Milano, Polytechnic University of Turin, University of Naples Federico II, Sapienza University of Rome and University of Pisa.
- In Netherlands : Delft University of Technology.
- In Spain : Technical University of Madrid, University of Seville.
- In Sweden : Royal Institute of Technology.
- In Czech Republic : Czech Technical University in Prague.
- In Portugal : Instituto Superior Técnico.

## Other websites

- Official website
Kandahar

**Kandahar** () is the second largest city in Afghanistan. Alexander the Great visited the town and named it after himself. Alexander the Great founded Kandahar in the 4th century BC. He called it "Alexandria Arachosia". About 500,000 people live there in 2015, the vast majority of whom are ethnic Pashtuns. It is in the central-south of Afghanistan. Kandahar is the capital of Kandahar Province.  It is an important trading centre for sheep, wool, cotton, silk, felt, food grains, fresh and dried fruit, and tobacco. Kandahar has an international airport.
Casper Platt

**Casper Platt** (June 6, 1892 – September 16, 1965) was a United States federal judge.

Born in Danville, Illinois, Platt received a B.A. from the University of Illinois in 1914 and a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School in 1916. He was in private practice in Danville, Illinois from 1916 to 1917. He was in the United States Army during World War I, from 1917 to 1918. After the war, he returned to private practice in Danville until 1933, also working as a city attorney for Danville from 1927 to 1928. He was a judge on the Fifth Circuit Court of Illinois from 1933 to 1949.

On September 15, 1949, President Harry S Truman nominated Platt to be a judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois. Platt was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 12, 1949, and received his commission on October 13, 1949. He served as chief judge from 1956 until his death in 1965.

The University of Chicago Law School named the **Casper Platt Award** for the best student paper in his honor. Danville Area Community College also named a scholarship after him.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Casper Platt
- **birth date**: June 6, 1892
- **birth place**: Danville, Illinois
- **nationality**: United States
- **occupation**: federal judge
Rock en español

**Rock en español** is a Spanish language version of rock music. In English-speaking countries, people call Spanish rock "Rock en español", while in Spanish-speaking countries they call rock music "rock". Rock en español has music from the Caribbean such as ska, reggae and soca. Rock music began in 1956 when Gloria Ríos recorded "El relojito". Chicano rock are rock music sung by Mexican Americans, their version has R&B influences.
Argentine rock

**Argentine rock** is a type of rock music sung in Argentina. Locally, the Argentine's call their form of rock music "Rock Nacional". Argentine rock music has the tango and Argentine folk music. Argentine rock music began in the mid-1960s, after Richie Valens recorded "La Bamba", which became a popular folk song.
Armenian rock

**Armenian rock** is a type of rock music sung by Armenian people. In the Soviet era,rock music was forbidden because the CPSU believed it was a "Western anti-socialist" influence. However, in the 1980s popular rock bands in Armenia began to emerge. The Armenians blended folk music with their rock music. After Bolshevism, progressive rock music began to be popular among Armenian people. Since 2004, the Armenian Music Awards honors musicians who record rock music.
Beat (music)

A **beat** is the basic unit of music . Beats can help measure tempos and are performed in grooves and rhythmic music. They measure the pulse and rhythm of a musical piece. They are usually divided into two kinds: stressed and unstressed beats. Stressed beats are the 'strong' beats and unstressed are the 'weak' beats. Time signatures and tempos are created by moving the beats into particular orders.

## On-beat and off-beat

In music that is played in 4|4 time, (counted as "<samp>1 2 3 4, 1 2 3 4...</samp>"), the first beat of the bar (downbeat) is usually the strongest stressed in the melody and the likeliest place for a chord change. The third is the next strongest: these are the **on beats**. The second and fourth are weaker: these are the **off-beats**.

So "off-beat" is a musical term in syncopation that emphasizes the weak even beats of a bar, as opposed to the usual on-beat. This is a basic beat in African polyrhythm that was transferred over into popular western music. According to Grove Music, the "Offbeat is [often] where the downbeat is replaced by a rest or is carried over from the preceding bar". The downbeat (the first beat of a measure in music) can never be the off-beat because it is the strongest beat in 4/4 time. Certain genres tend to emphasize the off-beat; especially rock and roll and Ska music.
Saikō

was a  after _Ninju_ and before _Ten'an._  This period started in November 854 and ended in February 857. During this time, the emperor was  .

## Events of the _Saikō_ era

- **21 April 854** (_Saikō 1, 13th day of the 6th month_): Minamoto no Tokiwa, also known as Minamoto no Tsune, died at age 43.  He was a son of Emperor Saga and he was one of the editors of the _Nihon kōki_.

- **855** (_Saikō 2, 1st month_): An Emishi uprising in the north was met with military force.

- **855** (_Saikō 2, 5th month_): The head of the great statute of Buddha in the Tōdai-ji fell off. Donations were collected to pay for making another head for the _Daibutsu_.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Saikō|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||854|855|856|857|
Nihon kōki

is an ancient history of Japan written in 843.

This work is the third of the _Rikkokushi_ ("Six National Histories").   It was written after the _Nihon Shoki_ and the _Shoku Nihongi_.

Fujiwara no Otsugu, Fujiwara no Yoshino, Fujiwara no Yoshifusa, Minamoto no Tokiwa, Asa no Katori and Yamada no Furutsugu were the main editors.

_Nihon Kōki_ is a primary historical source of information about Japan's Nara period and Heian period.

The work covers the 135-year period from the beginning of Emperor Mommu's reign in 697 until the 9th year of Emperor Juna's reign in 832.   The text is an account of twelve imperial reigns.

## Related pages

- Nihon Odai Ichiran

## Further reading

- Sakamoto, Tarō. (1991). _The Six National Histories of Japan_ (tr. John S. Brownlee). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.

## Other websites

- Waseda University Library, _Nihon Kōki_ manuscript
Orientation

**Orientation** may refer to:
- Orientation (mental), a function of the mind
- Orientation (movie), a 1996 short movie produced by the Church of Scientology
- Orientation of churches is the custom of having the front of churches on their east side (Latin: oriens)
- Orientation (housing), the position of a building with respect to the sun, a concept in building design
- Student orientation, the first week of a university year in several countries
- Coin orientation and Medallic orientation, a description of the orientation of opposite faces of a coin with respect to one another
- Sexual orientation, the direction of an individual's sexuality relative to the sex of the persons the individual finds sexually attractive
- Map orientation, the relationship between directions on a map and compass directions
- _Orientation_ (EP), a 2001 album by Sonata Arctica
- Page orientation, whether the long or short side of a rectangular page is the bottom for normal viewing

## Television

- "Orientation" (_Lost_), a 2005 episode of American television series _Lost_
- Orientación, an episode of the American television series _Prison Break_
- "Orientation" (_Heroes_), a 2009 episode of American television series _Heroes_

## Mathematics

- Orientation (computer vision), an image processing concept related to one-dimensional characterization of a local image
- Orientation (geometry), placement of an object in a rotational coordinate system with respect to a fixed point and a reference position
- Orientation (vector space), a concept in linear algebra
- Curve orientation, a property of a planar simple closed curve
- Orientability, a property of surfaces in Euclidean space measuring whether or not it is possible to make a consistent choice of surface normal vector at every point
- Orientation character, group homomorphism in surgery theory

## Related pages

- Orientability, a concept in topology
- Orientation tensor, a tool in geology/earth science
- Orienteering, a sport involving map orientation
- Orientation and mobility
Kashō (early Heian period)

- _For the "Kashō" era which started in 1106 -- sometimes romanized as "Kajō", see Kashō (late Heian period)._

was a , also known as **Kajō**,  after _Jōwa_ and before _Ninju._  This period started in June 848 and ended in April 851.  During this time, the emperors were  and .

## Events of the 9th century _Kashō_ era

- **18 February 848** (_Kashō 1, 10th day of the 1st month_): Fujiwara Yoshifusa (904-872) was given an important office in the court.  Yoshifusa's daughter became Emperor Montoku's wife and the mother of Emperor Seiwa.
- **848** (_Kashō 1, 6th month_): A rare white tortoise was discovered in Bungo Province.  The tortoise was understood as a sign of good luck.
- **849** (_Kashō 2, 4th month_): An ambassador from Baekje was received at court.
- **849** (_Kashō 2, 10th month_): Nimmyo's his 40th birthday was an event.
- **849** (_Kashō 2, 11th month_): The emperor toured the capital in a grand parade.
- **850** (_Kashō 3, 1st month_): The emperor made an official visit to the home of his mother.
- **May 6, 850** (_Kashō 3, 21st day of the 3rd month_):  Emperor Ninmyō died at age 41. The succession (_senso_) was received by his eldest son.  Soon after, Emperor Montoku accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (_sokui_). This was confirmed in ceremonies.
- **850** (_Kashō 3, 5th month_): Tachibana no Kachiko died. She was the widow of Emperor Saga and the mother of Emperor Ninmyō and the grandmother of Emperor Montoku. She founded a  Buddhist temple called  which evolved into  which exists today.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Kashō|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||848|849|850|851|
Halenda

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**Halenda** is a village in Gujarat, India.

## Geography

Halenda's altitude is 197 meters (649 feet).

## Postal code

The postal code is 360032.