juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sean Avery

**Sean Christopher Avery** (born April 10, 1980 in Pickering, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger. He played 12 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Detroit Red Wings, Los Angeles Kings, New York Rangers, and Dallas Stars. Avery was known for his agitating playing style, as well as his controversial behavior both on and off the ice.

He has also worked as an intern for Vogue, a male model and a restaurateur.

Avery has been featured on MTV Cribs, Punk'd and TRL and has also opened a sports bar called, Warren 77 in Manhattan.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Sean Avery Headshot.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Avery in 2010
- **birth place**: North York, Ontario, Canada
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 195
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Left wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **played for**: Detroit Red Wings
Los Angeles Kings
Lahti Pelicans
New York Rangers
Dallas Stars
- **draft**: Undrafted
- **career start**: 2000
- **career end**: 2012
Cul-de-sac

A **cul-de-sac** (literally "bottom of bag") is a word that came from the French language and means a small street without a way through at the far end. It is also used in Catalan and Occitan, its meaning being equivalent to a **dead end**, **close**, or **no through road** (United Kingdom, Australian and Canadian English). While culs-de-sac were built in history for other reasons, its modern use is to calm down the traffic.
International Labour Organization

The **International Labour Organization** (**ILO**) is an international organization created in Geneva in 1919 for better  working conditions and standard of living. In 1946, this organization has become a special organization of the United Nations and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969.

Juan Somavía was the ILO's director-general from 1999 until October 2012, when **Guy Ryder** was elected as his replacement. This governing body is composed of 28 government representatives, 14 workers' representatives, and 14 employers' representatives.

## The Constitution of the International Labour Organization

The constitution of the International Labour Organization affirms that "universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based upon social justice." An additional declaration adopted in Philadelphia at the 26th section affirms that "Labour is not a commodity" (I (a)), "Freedom of expression and association are essential to sustained progress" (I (b)), "Poverty anywhere constitutes a danger to prosperity everywhere" (I (c)), and that "All human beings, irrespective of race, creed or sex, have the right to pursue both their material well-being and their spiritual development in conditions of freedom and dignity, of economic security and equal opportunity". (II (a))

### Freedom of trade union

- Protection from unemployment
- Equal payment for equal work
- Abolishment of forced labour
- Abolishment of child labour
- Abolishment of sweatshop
- Abolishment of work or profession discrimination
- Fair rights of migrant workers
- Decent work for all
- Fair and decent rights of domestic workers

For this purpose, ILO has made 189 Conventions called "International Labour Convention" but many countries do not ratify the Conventions despite its importance.

## Other page

- United Nations
- Human rights
- Convention on the Rights of All Migrant Workers

## Other website

- International Labour Organization
- Official Website
James Graham Brown

**James Graham Brown** (August 18, 1881 — March 20, 1969) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was a hotel owner in Louisville, Kentucky. It was his hotel, the Brown Hotel, which first served the hot sandwich.

The name **Hot Brown** meaning a type of hot sandwich comes either from Brown himself, or his hotel.
Social justice

**Social justice** is an idea of justice that is based on equality in society. The idea of social justice goes against any kind of discrimination or abuse based on social class, social status or any other reasons.

This idea is discussed by modern philosophers such as John Rawls. It is a fundamental idea for International Labour Organization for universal and lasting peace; And Vienna Declaration also affirm social justice as a subject and a purpose of education for human rights.

## Related pages

- International Labour Organization
- Vienna Declaration
Baker County, Oregon

**Baker County, Oregon** is a county in Oregon.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Baker County
- **state**: Oregon
- **founded year**: 1862
- **founded date**: September 22
- **seat wl**: Baker City
- **largest city**: Baker City
- **area total sq mi**: 3088
- **area land sq mi**: 3068
- **area water sq mi**: 20
- **area percentage**: 0.6
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 16668
- **density sq mi**: 5.22
- **time zone**: Pacific
- **district**: 2nd
- **named for**: Edward Dickinson Baker, Edward D. Baker
- **web**: www.bakercounty.org
- **ex image**: Baker City OR Muni Bldg.jpg
- **ex image size**: 250
- **ex image cap**: Baker County Courthouse in Baker City
Bradford County

**Bradford County** is the name of two counties in the United States:

- Bradford County, Florida
- Bradford County, Pennsylvania
Bradford County, Florida

**Bradford County** is a county in Florida.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Bradford County
- **state**: Florida
- **type**: List of counties in Florida, County
- **seal**: Seal_of_Bradford_County,_Florida.svg
- **founded year**: 1858
- **founded date**: December 31
- **seat wl**: Starke
- **largest city wl**: Starke
- **area total sq mi**: 300
- **area land sq mi**: 294
- **area water sq mi**: 6.5
- **area percentage**: 2.2%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 28303
- **density sq mi**: 91
- **web**: http://www.bradfordcountyfl.gov/
- **ex image**: Bradford County Courthouse 2018.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Bradford County Courthouse
- **time zone**: Eastern
Bradford County, Pennsylvania

**Bradford County** is a county in Pennsylvania.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Bradford County
- **state**: Pennsylvania
- **seal**: Seal of Bradford County Pennsylvania.svg
- **logo**: Logo of Bradford County, Pennsylvania.svg
- **founded date**: February 21
- **founded year**: 1810
- **seat wl**: Towanda
- **largest city wl**: Sayre
- **city type**: borough
- **area total sq mi**: 1161
- **area land sq mi**: 1147
- **area water sq mi**: 14
- **area percentage**: 1.2%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 59,967
- **density sq mi**: 52
- **web**: www.bradfordcountypa.org
- **ex image**: Towanda Main Street.jpg
- **ex image size**: 250
- **ex image cap**: Towanda is the county seat
- **district**: 9th
- **named for**: William Bradford (1755-1795), William Bradford
Calhoun County

**Calhoun County** is the name of many counties in the United States, mostly named after Senator John C. Calhoun:

- Calhoun County, Alabama
- Calhoun County, Arkansas
- Calhoun County, Florida
- Calhoun County, Georgia
- Calhoun County, Illinois
- Calhoun County, Iowa
- Calhoun County, Michigan
- Calhoun County, Mississippi
- Calhoun County, South Carolina
- Calhoun County, Texas
- Calhoun County, West Virginia
Calhoun County, Florida

**Calhoun County** is a county in Florida. It is named after John C. Calhoun. He lived in South Carolina and was a member of the United States Senate. He later became the President of the United States.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Calhoun County
- **state**: Florida
- **type**: List of counties in Florida, County
- **founded year**: 1838
- **founded date**: January 26
- **seat wl**: Blountstown
- **largest city wl**: Blountstown
- **area total sq mi**: 574
- **area land sq mi**: 567
- **area water sq mi**: 7.0
- **area percentage**: 1.22 %
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 13648
- **density sq mi**: 25.5
- **web**: https://calhouncountygov.com/
- **ex image**: 08-06-15 BlounstwnNewCrths.JPG
- **ex image cap**: Calhoun County Courthouse in Blountstown
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: John C. Calhoun
2011 Daytona 500

The 2011 Daytona 500 took place on February 20th 2011 at the Daytona International Speedway. It was the first race of the 2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. Dale Earnhardt, Jr. won the pole in qualifying, however he did not start in 1st place because he crashed his car during practice. The race was won by Trevor Bayne. At 20 years old, he is the youngest driver to win the race.

## Results

|Position|Car Number|Driver|Team|Manufacturer|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|21|Trevor Bayne|Wood Brothers Racing|Ford|
|2|99|Carl Edwards|Roush Fenway Racing|Ford|
|3|34|David Gilliland|Front Row Motorsports|Ford|
|4|47|Bobby Labonte|JTG Daugherty Racing|Toyota|
|5|22|Kurt Busch|Penske Racing|Dodge|
|6|42|Juan Pablo Montoya|Earnhardt Ganassi Racing|Chevrolet|
|7|78|Regan Smith|Furniture Row Racing|Chevrolet|
|8|18|Kyle Busch|Joe Gibbs Racing|Toyota|
|9|27|Paul Menard|Richard Childress Racing|Chevrolet|
|10|5|Mark Martin|Hendrick Motorsports|Chevrolet|
|11|43|A. J. Allmendinger|Richard Petty Motorsports|Ford|
|12|09|Bill Elliott|Phoenix Racing|Chevrolet|
|13|14|Tony Stewart|Stewart Haas Racing|Chevrolet|
|14|6|David Ragan|Roush Fenway Racing|Ford|
|15|32|Terry Labonte|FAS Lane Racing|Ford|
|16|7|Robby Gordon|Robby Gordon Motorsports|Dodge|
|17|33|Clint Bowyer|Richard Childress Racing|Chevrolet|
|18|1|Jamie McMurray|Earnhardt Ganassi Racing|Chevrolet|
|19|56|Martin Truex, Jr.|Michael Waltrip Racing|Toyota|
|20|77|Steve Wallace|Rusty Wallace Racing|Toyota|
|21|11|Denny Hamlin|Joe Gibbs Racing|Toyota|
|22|39|Ryan Newman|Stewart Haas Racing|Chevrolet|
|23|20|Joey Logano|Joe Gibbs Racing|Toyota|
|24|88|Dale Earnhardt, Jr.|Hendrick Motorsports|Chevrolet|
|25|4|Kasey Kahne|Red Bull Racing Team|Toyota|
|26|36|Dave Blaney|Tommy Baldwin Racing|Chevrolet|
|27|48|Jimmie Johnson|Hendrick Motorsports|Chevrolet|
|28|24|Jeff Gordon|Hendrick Motorsports|Chevrolet|
|29|2|Brad Keselowski|Penske Racing|Dodge|
|30|00|David Reutimann|Michael Waltrip Racing|Toyota|
|31|83|Brian Vickers|Red Bull Racing Team|Toyota|
|32|38|Travis Kvapil|Front Row Motorsports|Ford|
|33|71|Andy Lally|TRG Motorsports|Chevrolet|
|34|17|Matt Kenseth|Roush Fenway Racing|Ford|
|35|16|Greg Biffle|Roush Fenway Racing|Ford|
|36|31|Jeff Burton|Richard Childress Racing|Chevrolet|
|37|9|Marcos Ambrose|Richard Petty Motorsports|Ford|
|38|37|Robert Richardson, Jr.|Front Row Motorsports|Ford|
|39|87|Joe Nemechek|NEMCO Motorsports|Toyota|
|40|15|Michael Waltrip|Michael Waltrip Racing|Toyota|
|41|92|Brian Keselowski|K-Automotive Motorsports|Dodge|
|42|29|Kevin Harvick|Richard Childress Racing|Chevrolet|
|43|46|J. J. Yeley|Whitney Motorsports|Chevrolet|
|colspan="8"|||||
Melrose Place (1992 TV series)

***Melrose Place*** was an American primetime soap opera which began July 8, 1992 and ended May 24, 1999. The show lasted seven seasons on Fox. Starring in the show were Daphne Zuniga, Marcia Cross, Courtney Thorne Smith, Josie Bissett, Heather Locklear, and many others. Aaron Spelling was the executive producer for Melrose Place throughout its seven year run. Many cast changes happened during this time period.
Calhoun County, Alabama

**Calhoun County** is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama.  As of 2020 the population was 116,441. It is included in the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area. Its county seat is Anniston.

## History

**Benton County** was formed on December 18, 1832.  It was named for Thomas Hart Benton, a member of the United States Senate from Missouri.  The first county seat was at Jacksonville.

An F4 tornado struck here on Palm Sunday March 27, 1994. It destroyed Piedmont's Goshen United Methodist Church twelve minutes after the National Weather Service of Birmingham issued a tornado warning for northern Calhoun, southeastern Etowah, and southern Cherokee.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (1.0%) is water.

### Rail

- Alabama and Tennessee River Railway
- Norfolk Southern Railway
- Amtrak

### Adjacent counties

- Cherokee County, Alabama - northeast
- Cleburne County, Alabama - east
- Talladega County, Alabama - south
- St. Clair County, Alabama - west
- Etowah County, Alabama - northwest

### National protected areas

- Mountain Longleaf National Wildlife Refuge
- Talladega National Forest (part)

## Cities and towns

- Alexandria
- Anniston
- Blue Mountain
- Bynum
- Choccolocco
- Eastaboga
- Hobson City
- Jacksonville
- Pleasant Valley
- Minden
- Ohatchee
- Oxford (part - part of Oxford is in Talladega County)
- Piedmont (part - part of Piedmont is in Cherokee County)
- Saks
- Weaver
- Webster's Chapel
- Wellington
- West End-Cobb Town

## Places of interest

Calhoun County is home to the Anniston Museum of Natural History and the Berman Museum of World History. It also contains a part of the Talladega National Forest.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Calhoun County
- **state**: Alabama
- **founded year**: 1832
 as Benton County
- **founded date**: December 18
- **seat wl**: Anniston
- **largest city wl**: Oxford
- **area total sq mi**: 612
- **area land sq mi**: 606
- **area water sq mi**: 6.4
- **area percentage**: 1.0
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 116441
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: www.calhouncounty.org
- **ex image**: Calhoun County, Alabama Courthouse.JPG
- **ex image cap**: Calhoun County courthouse in Anniston
- **named for**: John C. Calhoun
Dallas (1978 TV series)

***Dallas*** is an American soap opera. It is about the Ewings, a family from Texas involved in oil and cattle ranching. The show began as a television miniseries during April 1978. It was broadcasted until May 3, 1991 on CBS. The cast included Charlene Tilton, Victoria Principal, Priscilla Presley, Patrick Duffy, and Larry Hagman as J.R. Ewing. The series lasted for fourteen seasons.

The show was revived on TNT in June 2012.
Calhoun County, Arkansas

**Calhoun County** is a county in Arkansas.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Calhoun County
- **state**: Arkansas
- **ex image**: Calhoun County Courthouse, Hampton, AR.jpg
- **ex image size**: 220px
- **ex image cap**: Calhoun County Courthouse in Hampton, Arkansas, Hampton
- **founded year**: 1850
- **founded date**: December 6
- **seat wl**: Hampton
- **largest city wl**: Hampton
- **area total sq mi**: 632
- **area land sq mi**: 629
- **area water sq mi**: 3.8
- **area percentage**: 0.6
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 4739
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **web**: https://calhouncounty.arkansas.gov/
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: John C. Calhoun
Calhoun County, Georgia

**Calhoun County** is a county in Georgia.  Its county seat is Morgan.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Calhoun County
- **state**: Georgia
- **founded date**: February 20
- **seat wl**: Morgan
- **largest city wl**: Morgan
- **area total sq mi**: 284
- **area land sq mi**: 280
- **area water sq mi**: 3.2
- **area percentage**: 1.1%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 5,573
- **density sq mi**: 20
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **web**: calhouncountyga.com
- **ex image**: Calhoun County Georgia Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Calhoun County Courthouse in Morgan
- **named for**: John C. Calhoun
Calhoun County, Illinois

**Calhoun County** is a county in Illinois.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Calhoun County
- **state**: Illinois
- **founded**: 1825
- **seat wl**: Hardin
- **largest city wl**: Hardin
- **city type**: village
- **area total sq mi**: 284
- **area land sq mi**: 254
- **area water sq mi**: 30
- **area percentage**: 10.5
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 4437
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: John C. Calhoun
- **ex image**: Calhoun County Courthouse, Hardin.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Calhoun County Courthouse in Hardin
Elasmobranchii

**Elasmobranchii**  is a subclass of the Chondrichthyes or cartilaginous fish. It includes the modern sharks and the rays and skates.

## Evolution

Fossilised shark teeth are known from the early Devonian, around 400 million years ago. During the following Carboniferous period, the sharks underwent a period of diversification, with many new forms evolving. Many of these became extinct during the Permian, but the remaining sharks underwent a second burst of adaptive radiation during the Jurassic, around which time the skates and rays first appeared.

## Taxonomy

- Subclass Elasmobranchii
    - †_Plesioselachus_
    - †Order Squatinactiformes
    - †Order Protacrodontiformes
    - †Infraclass Cladoselachimorpha
        - †Order Cladoselachiformes
    - †Infraclass Xenacanthimorpha
        - †Order Xenacanthiformes
    - Infraclass Euselachii (sharks and rays)
        - †Order Ctenacanthiformes
        - †Division Hybodonta
            - †Order Hybodontiformes
        - Division Neoselachii
            - Subdivision Selachii (Selachimorpha) (modern sharks)
                - Superorder Galeomorphi
                    - Order Heterodontiformes (bullhead sharks)
                    - Order Orectolobiformes (carpet sharks)
                    - Order Lamniformes (mackerel sharks)
                    - Order Carcharhiniformes (ground sharks)
                - Superorder Squalomorphi
                    - Order Hexanchiformes (frilled and cow sharks)
                    - Order Squaliformes (dogfish sharks)
                    - †Order Protospinaciformes
                    - Order Squatiniformes (angel sharks)
                    - Order Pristiophoriformes (sawsharks)
            - Subdivision Batoidea (rays)
                    - Order Torpediniformes (electric rays)
                    - Order Pristiformes (sawfishes)
                    - Order Rajiformes (skates and relatives)
                    - Order Myliobatiformes (stingrays and relatives)
Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.

**Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr.** (November 19, 1915 – March 9, 1974) was an American pharmacologist and biochemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1971 for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones. He was born in Burlingame, Kansas  in 1915 and died in Miami, Florida, United States in 1974.
Persian Wikipedia

**Persian Wikipedia** is a member of Wikimedia Foundation. It started work in December 2003. founder of Persian version is Roozbeh Pour-Nader.

It is the 18th largest edition by article count.  Persian Wikipedia has currently more than 500,000 articles.

## Articles

Many of the first articles on the Persian Wikipedia were about chemical materials and historical subjects.  The Wikipedia added geography and religious subjects soon after.  On 16 December 2004, the Wikipedia reached 10,000 articles.

## Charts Progress

|Articles|Date|Position|
| --- | --- | --- |
|0|December 2003||
|1,000|16 December 2004||
|10,000|February 2006|38th|
|20,000|24 April 2007||
|50,000|30 October 2008|36th|
|100,000|25 August 2010|33th|
|150,000|23 May 2011|24th|
|200,000|9 July 2012|21st|
|250,000|13 January 2013|19th|
|300,000|19 February 2013|18th|
|400,000|18 July 2014|19th|
|450,000|27 April 2015|18th|

## Related pages

- Persian language

## Sources

- Persian Wikipedia
- Wikipedias at MetaWiki

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: **Persian Wikipedia**
_ویکی‌پدیای فارسی_
- **collapsible**: yes
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-fa.svg
- **url**: http://fa.wikipedia.org/
- **commercial**: No
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia
- **language**: Persian language, Persian
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
- **author**: wiki, Editing community
Christine Baranski

**Christine Jane Baranski** (born May 2, 1952) is an American actress, singer, and producer. On stage, she played Mrs. Lovett in _Sweeney Todd_ and the title character in _Mame_. She has also acted in multiple movies. Baranski was born in Buffalo, New York.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Christine Baranski
- **image**: Image:Christine Baranski at Met Opera cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Baranski at the Metropolitan Opera opening in 2008
- **birth name**: Christine Jane Baranski
- **birth place**: Buffalo, New York, U.S.
- **education**: Villa Maria Academy
- **alma mater**: Juilliard School
- **occupation**: Actress
Singer
Producer
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **years active**: 1974–present
- **children**: 2
General Secretary

**General Secretary** is a title often used in political parties, and is usually the leader of the party. The General Secretary (sometimes called **First Secretary** or **Secretary-General**) is usually the leader of the Secretariat and the Politburo.

## History

On April 3, 1922, Joseph Stalin became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and had the job of deciding who was a member of the party and where they went. Vladimir Lenin was _de facto_ leader at the time. Once Lenin died, Stalin used his power to give allies jobs in the party to become more powerful than everybody else.

## Related pages

- List of General Secretaries of the Soviet Union
- General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
Sid Caesar

**Sid Caesar** (**Isaac Sidney Caesar**; September 8, 1922 – February 12, 2014) was an American comedian and actor. Caesar stared in _Your Show of Shows_ from 1950 until 1954 and in _Grease_ as Coach Calhoun. Before becoming a comedian, Caesar was a musician. He won two Emmy Awards during his career.

Caesar was born on September 8, 1922 in Yonkers, New York. He was of Polish-Russian-Jewish descent. Caesar was married to Florence Levy from 1943 until her death in 2010. They had three children.

Caesar died on the morning of February 12, 2014 in Beverly Hills, California from natural causes, aged 91.

## Other websites

- Official Sid Caesar website
- Sid Caesar Biography from Museum of Broadcast Communications
- Sid Caesar Biography from New York Times
- Archival Television Audio on Sid Caesar

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sid Caesar
- **image**: Sid Caesar - 1961.JPG
- **caption**: Caesar in 1961
- **birth name**: Isaac Sidney Caesar
- **birth place**: Yonkers, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, comedian, writer, musician, producer
- **known for**: _Your Show of Shows_
_Caesar's Hour_
- **years active**: 1946–2006
- **spouse**: Florence Levy <small>(m.1943–2010; her death)</small>
- **children**: 3
Swallow

The **swallows** and **martins** are a group of passerine birds in the family **Hirundinidae**. These birds are adapted to aerial feeding. "Swallow" is used colloquially in Europe as a synonym for the barn swallow.

Within the swallow, the name "martin" tends to be used for the squarer-tailed species, and the name "swallow" for the more fork-tailed species. However, there is no scientific distinction between these two groups. The family contains around 83 species in 19 genera.
Patti Page

**Clara Ann Fowler**, better known as **Patti Page**, (November 8, 1927 - January 1, 2013) was an American singer. She is one of the best known female singers of traditional pop. She was the best selling female artist in the 1950s. She will win an honorary Grammy Award in 2013.

Page was born in Claremore, Oklahoma. Page died on January 1, 2013 in Encinitas, California from natural causes, aged 85.

## Related pages

- List of country musicians from Oklahoma

## Other websites

- The Official Patti Page Website
- Patti Page Official Biography
- Interview with Patti Page
- Songwriters' Hall of Fame article on Patti Page
All My Children

***All My Children*** was an American soap opera set in a fictional suburb of Philadelphia. Susan Lucci plays Erica Kane. Other famous people have starred, including Sarah Michelle Gellar. The show aired on ABC for 43 years since its beginning on January 5, 1970 until September 23, 2011 when cancellation was announced on April 2011. It was canceled on April 14, 2011 along with _One Life to Live_ due to low ratings and production costs. Another series was shown ran April 29 to September 2, 2013.
Oregon State University

**Oregon State University** is a four-year university in Corvallis, Oregon in the United States. It is the largest university in Oregon, and as of November 2024, it has about 36,700 students. The university has classes for both graduate and undergraduate students, and also offers classes online.

Oregon State's athletic teams are known as the Beavers. Its baseball team won the College World Series in 2006 and 2007.
André Theuriet

**Claude Adhémar André Theuriet** (8 October 1833, Marly-le-Roi - 23 April 1907) French poet and novelist, was born at Marly-le-Roi (Seine et Oise).

Theuriet studied law in Paris and became a civil servant.  He retired as a civil servant in 1886, almost 20 years after his first published book was issued.  The was the _Chemin des bois_, a collection of poems, many of which had already appeared in the _Revue des Deux Mondes_.

Theuriet received in 1890 the  from the French Academy, and was made a member of the Academy in 1896.

## Foods

An omelette of truffles & asparagus has been named after him.

## Books

- _Le mariage de Gérard_ (1875)
- _Raymonde_ (1877)
- _Le fils Maugars_ (1879)
- _La maison des Deux Barbeaux_ (1879)
- _Sauvageonne_ (1880)
- _Reine des bois_ (1890)
- _Villa tranquille_ (1899)
- _Le manuscrit du chanoine_ (1902)
Oliver Smithies

**Oliver Smithies** (23 June 1925 – 10 January 2017) was a British-American geneticist and Nobel laureate,

He invented gel electrophoresis in 1955, which is now one of the basic techniques of biochemistry and molecular biology.

Much later, he worked on the technique of homologous recombination of transgenic DNA with genomic DNA. This is the most reliable method of altering animal genomes at present, and the technique behind gene targeting and knockout mice.

Martin Evans and Mario Capecchi were also working on this idea, and they were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2007.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Oliver Smithies
- **image**: Oliver Smithies HD2009 AIC Gold Medal portrait (cropped).JPG
- **birth place**: Halifax, West Yorkshire, Halifax, West Riding of Yorkshire, England
- **death place**: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- **nationality**: British people, British, Americans, American
- **field**: Biochemistry, genetics
- **work institutions**: University of Toronto
University of Wisconsin–Madison
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- **alma mater**: Balliol College, Oxford, Balliol College, University of Oxford
- **known for**: Gel electrophoresis, gene targeting
- **prizes**: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2007)
Sleepwalking

**Sleepwalking**, or **somnambulism**, is a disorder belonging to the parasomnia family of sleeping problems.

People with this disorder leave bed, without waking up, and walk around. In certain cases, people do things they also do in everyday life. According to research done, sleepwalking seems to be a problem related to the mechanism of waking up.

## What people do while sleepwalking

The activities can be as simple as sitting up in bed, walking to the bathroom, and cleaning. Sometimes they are dangerous; examples include  cooking, driving, extremely violent gesture or grabbing at hallucinated objects, or even homicide.

Generally, sleepwalking cases consist of simple, repeated behaviours; occasionally there are reports of people performing complex behaviours while asleep, but the legitimacy of these claims is often disputed. In 2004, sleep medicine experts in Australia claimed to have successfully treated a woman who claimed to have sex with strangers in her sleep. In December 2008, reports were published of a woman who sent semi-coherent emails while sleepwalking, including one inviting a friend around for dinner and drinks. Sleepwalkers often have little or no memory of the what they do, because they are not truly conscious. Their eyes are open, but their expression is dim and glazed over. Sleepwalking may last as little as 30 seconds or as long as thirty minutes.

## Is sleepwalking common?

There is no data about how common sleepwalking is. Estimates say that one to two percent of adults are sleepwalkers. Sleepwalking seems to be more common in children, between ten and thirty percent of children are affected; in most cases, they stop sleepwalking during puberty. Most cases of sleepwalking are temporary, they occur once, or only a few times. It looks like some sleepwalking may be inherited; very often, people who are sleepwalkers have other sleepwalkers in the family.

## Treatment

Because people can hurt themselves while sleepwalking, it is a good idea to either wake a sleepwalker, or to guide the person back to bed. There are drugs that can be given to treat the condition. As there is no therapy, many experts are against the use of drugs.

## In culture

- La Sonnambula, Italian opera by Vincenzo Bellini
- Lucy Westenra, a fictional character in Bram Stoker's novel _Dracula,_ is sleepwalker
Inclusive education

**Inclusive education** is an idea in the field of education. It means that persons with disabilities or persons who need special care can learn in schools together with people who do not have special needs. This idea comes from the idea of social justice. Article 24 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities also says that access to education is a human right.

Whether the education takes place in schools with all kinds of pupils is a matter of practicality. There is no general rule which can always be followed. Some kinds of disability needs both specially trained teachers, and a separate environment from the normal classrooms.

## Related pages

- Disability
- Education
- Special education
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
2011 Australian Open

The **2011 Australian Open** was a tennis tournament featuring six different competitions. It was part of the 2011 ATP World Tour, the 2011 WTA Tour, ITF Junior Tour and the NEC Tour. The tournament took place at Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australia, from 17 January to 30 January. The event was the 99th edition of the Australian Open. It was also the first Grand Slam event of 2011. The tournament was played on hard courts. It was organised by the International Tennis Federation and Tennis Australia.
Reasonable accommodation

**Reasonable accommodation** is a necessary aid or support for persons with disabilities or other persons in weak situations, such as minority groups, but not to make an unreasonable burden on the society. This idea is born in American and Canadian lawsuits to abolish discrimination on the job and is also used by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Article 2.

## Related pages

- Disability
- Accessibility
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
International Tennis Federation

The **International Tennis Federation** is the group that was created to govern world tennis. This means they decide on rules and make sure they are done.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: International Tennis Federation
(ITF)
- **type**: List of international sport federations, Federation of national associations
- **formation**: 1 March 1913
- **headquarters**: London, Great Britain
- **membership**: List of national tennis associations, 205 national associations
- **leader title**: President
- **leader name**: Francesco Ricci Bitti
- **language**: English
- **website**: [http://www.itftennis.com/ www.itftennis.com]
Mashhad

**Mashhad** () is a city in the Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran. Mashhad is the second largest city in Iran. It is close to Iran's border with Afghanistan and Turkmenistan.

Mashhad is primarily known as the resting place of Imam Reza and also the great Persian poet, Ferdowsi.

## History

Before the 9th century, Mashhad was a small village but became prosperous after imam Reza was killed and buried there by Al-Ma'mun the Abbasid caliph. Mashhad turned into a famous town, in the time of Shah Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty  (1501) and later Nader Shah of his Empire chose Mashhad as his capital. Mashhad has remained one of Iran's most important cities to this day even with the relocation of the capital to Tehran.

## Related pages

- List of cities in Iran

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Mashhad
- **native name**: ‹Mašhad›
- **nickname**: Mashhad
- **motto**: City of paradise (Shahre behesht)
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Imam Reza's shrine at the heart of Mashhad
- **map caption**: Mašhade moqadas
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Mashhad in Iran
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Razavi Khorasan Province, Razavi Khorasan
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name2**: Mashhad County, Mashhad
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Mashhad County), Central
- **leader title**: Mayor (Ŝahrdār)
- **leader name**: Ghasem Taghizadeh Khamesi
- **established title**: Mashhad-Sanabad-Toos
- **established date**: 818 AD (Martyrdom Of Imam Reza)
- **area total km2**: 458
- **area metro km2**: 3946
- **population total**: 3,001,184
- **population as of**: 2016
- **population blank1 title**: Population Rank in Iran
- **population blank1**: List of Iran cities by population, 2nd
- **population note**: Over 25 million pilgrims and tourists per year
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight saving Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
- **elevation m**: 985
- **website**: http://www.mashhad.ir
Calhoun County, Iowa

**Calhoun County** is a county in Iowa.  Its county seat is Rockwell City.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Calhoun County
- **state**: Iowa
- **ex image**: Calhoun County IA Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Calhoun County courthouse
- **founded year**: 1855
- **seat wl**: Rockwell City
- **largest city wl**: Rockwell City
- **area total sq mi**: 572
- **area land sq mi**: 570
- **area water sq mi**: 2.1
- **area percentage**: 0.4
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 9927
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: https://www.calhouncounty.iowa.gov/
- **named for**: John C. Calhoun
Calhoun County, Michigan

**Calhoun County** is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Calhoun County
- **state**: Michigan
- **ex image**: Michigan Central Depot Post Card Battle Creek MI.jpg
- **ex image size**: 300px
- **ex image cap**: Post Card. Michigan Central Railroad Depot (Battle Creek, Michigan), Michigan Central Depot in Battle Creek, Michigan, Battle Creek.
- **founded**: established 1829
organized 1833
- **seat wl**: Marshall
- **largest city wl**: Battle Creek
- **area total sq mi**: 718
- **area land sq mi**: 706
- **area water sq mi**: 12
- **area percentage**: 1.7
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 134310
- **density sq mi**: 193
- **web**: https://www.calhouncountymi.gov/
- **named for**: John C. Calhoun
True Jackson, VP

***True Jackson, VP*** is an American teen sitcom created by Andy Gordon for Nickelodeon. The series starred Keke Palmer, Ashley Argota, Matt Shively, Danielle Bisutti, Greg Proops, Robbie Amell, and Ron Butler. It aired from November 8, 2008, to August 20, 2011.

## Cast

- Keke Palmer as True Jackson
- Ashley Argota as Lulu
- Matt Shively as Ryan Leslie Laserbeam
- Danielle Bisutti as Amanda Cantwell
- Greg Proops as Max Madigan
- Ron Butler as Oscar
- Robbie Amell as Jimmy Madigan

## Other websites

- True Jackson, VP's Official Website

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 23 minutes
- **creator**: Andy Gordon
- **starring**: Keke Palmer
Ashley Argota
Matt Shively
Danielle Bisutti
Robbie Amell
Ron Butler
Greg Proops
- **opentheme**: "Change It Up" performed by Keke Palmer
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **network**: Nickelodeon
- **num seasons**: 3
- **num episodes**: 60
Calhoun County, Mississippi

**Calhoun County** is a county in Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, 13,266 people lived there.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Calhoun County
- **state**: Mississippi
- **founded**: 1852
- **seat wl**: Pittsboro
- **largest city wl**: Bruce
- **city type**: town
- **area total sq mi**: 588
- **area land sq mi**: 587
- **area water sq mi**: 1.4
- **area percentage**: 0.2
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 13266
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **ex image**: Calhoun_County_Mississippi_Courthouse_January_2016.jpg
- **ex image cap**: East façade of Calhoun County Courthouse in Pittsboro
- **web**: http://calhouncoms.com/
- **district**: 1st
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: John C. Calhoun
Lark

**Larks** are passerine birds of the family **Alaudidae**. All species occur in the Old World, and in northern and eastern Australia. Only one, the Shore lark, has spread to North America, where it is called the Horned lark. Habitats vary widely, but many species live in dry regions.
Ritchie Valens

**Richard Steven Valenzuela, **better known as **Ritchie Valens** (May 13, 1941 - February 3, 1959) was a Native Latino-American singer-songwriter and musician. He died with Buddy Holly, and "Big Bopper" Richardson in a plane crash in Iowa on 3 February 1959, in an event that would become known as The Day the Music Died. He was 17 years old.

He was born in San Fernando Valley to Native Latin-American parents. Mr. Valens has Yaqui Native Latin-American ancestry from his mom’s side.

Valens most notable work include recordings of “La Bamba” a Mexican folk song which became a hit in the U.S. “Donna” a song dedicated to his friend and the phrase “Come on let’s go”

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ritchie Valens
- **image**: Ritchie Valens 1959 press photo.jpg
- **caption**: Valens in 1958
- **birth name**: Richard Steven Valenzuela
- **alias**: Ritchie Valens, Avree Allens
- **birth place**: San Fernando Valley, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Grant Township, Iowa, U.S.
- **death cause**: Blunt trauma as a result of a plane accident
- **resting place**: San Fernando Mission Cemetery
- **years active**: 1957–1959
Calhoun County, South Carolina

**Calhoun County** is a county in South Carolina. The population was 14,119 at the 2020 census. It is the third least populated county in South Carolina. The county seat is St. Matthews.

Calhoun County is part of the Columbia, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Calhoun County
- **state**: South Carolina
- **founded**: 1908
- **named for**: John C. Calhoun
- **seat wl**: St. Matthews
- **largest city wl**: St. Matthews
- **city type**: community
- **area total sq mi**: 392.48
- **area land sq mi**: 381.15
- **area water sq mi**: 11.33
- **area percentage**: 2.89
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 14119
- **population density sq mi**: 37.04
- **web**: calhouncounty.sc.gov
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **district**: 6th
- **ex image**: Calhoun County Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Calhoun County Courthouse
- **motto**: "In the Heart of South Carolina"
Wooden horse

The **wooden horse** or **Spanish donkey** is a torture device where the victim is made to straddle a triangular "horse" and place their full body weight on their genitals, which rested on the point of the angle which causes pain in the lower regions. Sometimes cannonballs or something similar would be tied to the victim's feet. There is also a less intense variation was probably developed for BDSM play. The Mongols under Jingiz Khan nailed enemies or criminals to the wooden horse, so did the Huns.
Calhoun County, Texas

**Calhoun County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Calhoun County
- **state**: Texas
- **founded**: 1846
- **seat wl**: Port Lavaca
- **largest city wl**: Port Lavaca
- **area total sq mi**: 1033
- **area land sq mi**: 507
- **area water sq mi**: 526
- **area percentage**: 51%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 20106
- **density sq mi**: 39.7
- **ex image**: Calhoun County Texas Courthouse 2016.jpg
- **ex image size**: 250px
- **ex image cap**: Calhoun County Courthouse
- **web**: http://www.calhouncotx.org
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: John C. Calhoun
Calhoun County, West Virginia

**Calhoun County** is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Calhoun County
- **state**: West Virginia
- **flag**: Flag of Calhoun County, West Virginia.svg
- **founded date**: March 5
- **founded year**: 1856
- **seat wl**: Grantsville
- **largest city wl**: Grantsville
- **city type**: town
- **area total sq mi**: 281
- **area land sq mi**: 279
- **area water sq mi**: 1.4
- **area percentage**: 0.5%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 6229
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **web**: www.calhouncounty.wv.gov/
- **ex image**: Calhoun County Courthouse WV.jpg
- **ex image cap**: The Calhoun County Courthouse in Grantsville
- **named for**: John C. Calhoun
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **district**: 1st
Kenny vs. Spenny

***Kenny vs. Spenny*** was a Canadian reality-comedy television series created by Kenny Hotz. It starred Kenny Hotz and Spencer Rice.

The series had six seasons and ran from August 26, 2003 to December 23, 2010. Matt Stone and Trey Parker, creators of _South Park_, were executive producers for 10 episodes in the fourth season of the show. The series was about two friends who competed in numerous competitions. The loser of the competition would have to do a humiliation that the winner picked out. The show ended with an hour-long Christmas special that aired on December 23, 2010 on Showcase. Hotz and Rice reunited in 2021 for a special on CBC titled _Kenny & Spenny: Paldemic_. It was nominated for Best Host, Web Program or Series at the 2021 Canadian Screen Awards. There have been attempts to bring the show back for a seventh season. Hotz said that he wanted Netflix to help with a new season after seeing the success of the revived _Trailer Park Boys_.

The show spawned many many replicas including _Frank vs Girard_ in French Canadian on VRAK.TV, _Ed vs. Spencer_ in the United Kingdom, _Juan vs. Roman_ in Latin America, _Elton vs. Simon_ in Germany, _Katja vs. Bridget_ and _Dennis vs. Valerio_ in the Netherlands, and _Sid vs. Varun_ in India.

TV.com rated the series a 8.4. It was ranked as at #8 among the top 10 Canadian television shows of the 21st century.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (television)

- **camera**: Camera crew
- **runtime**: 22 min.
- **creator**: Kenny Hotz
- **starring**: Kenny Hotz
Spencer Rice
- **cinematography**: Sebastian Cluer
- **editor**: Duncan Christie, Marco Porsia
- **country**: Canada
- **language**: English
- **network**: CBC Television (2003–2004)
Showcase (Canadian TV channel), Showcase (2005–2010)
- **num seasons**: 6
- **num episodes**: 86
- **location**: Toronto, Ontario
Siouan languages

The **Siouan languages** (also known as **Siouan proper** or **Western Siouan**) are a group of Native American languages. The Siouan languages are spoken in central North America.

## Infobox (language family)

- **name**: Siouan
- **region**: central North America
- **familycolor**: american
- **iso2**: sio
- **map**: Siouan-Catawban_langs.png
1000 Ways to Die

***1000 Ways to Die*** is an American docufiction black comedy series which was first shown on the Television Channel _Spike TV_ on May 14, 2008. It shows unusual deaths and uses black humor.

## Cast

- Thom Beers in the Pilot of the U.S. broadcast
- Ron Perlman in the Seasons 1, 2, 3 & 4 of the U.S. broadcast
- Alisdair Simpson in the Pilot & series 1, 2, 3 & 4 of the UK broadcast

## Seasons

|Season|Episodes|Premiere Date|Finale Date|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center;"|1|style="text-align:center;"|12|||
|style="text-align:center;"|2|style="text-align:center;"|12|||
|style="text-align:center;"|3|style="text-align:center;"|14|||
|style="text-align:center;"|4|style="text-align:center;"|16|||
|style="text-align:center;"|5|style="text-align:center;"|12|||
|style="text-align:center;"|6|style="text-align:center;"|8|||

## Other websites

- 1000 Ways to Die at Spike.com

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Docufiction, Horror film, horror, dark comedy, parody
- **writer**: Tom McMahon
H.A. Arnarson
Geoff Miller
- **runtime**: 22 min.
- **director**: Tom McMahon
- **producer**: Tom McMahon
Thom Beers
- **narrated**: Thom Beers
Ron Perlman
Joe Irwin
Alisdair Simpson
- **country**: United States
- **network**: Spike TV (2008-2012),
Nueve (Mexican TV network), NU9VE and
BitMe. (2008-Now)
- **num seasons**: 6
- **num episodes**: 74
- **related**: _1000 Ways to Lie_
- **company**: Original Productions
Crisis

A **crisis** is a situation which is difficult, unexpected, or an emergency. It is often an important "turning point", where a decision must be taken, affecting many people. Very often, this decision must be taken in relatively little time. The word is related to the Greek _κρίσις_ (krisis). Examples include the sudden threat of war, or the occurrence of a natural disaster.

According to Steven Fink, a crisis manager, crises may:
1. be difficult to control
1. the focus of mass media, or government attention
1. interfere with regular business

Crises occur in different fields. People may develop post-traumatic stress disorder, because they cannot deal with a crisis situation. Many countries and associations offer help lines, which can help people deal with a crisis situation.

## Other page

- Existential crisis
Dust storm

A **dust storm**, or **sandstorm**, is a storm of small particles of sand and dirt. Dust storms happen when a strong wind front blows loose sand and dust from a dry surface. Particles are picked up and suspended in the air, causing soil erosion where they were. The wind drops them in another place where they can form loess, a kind of silt.
Jabiru

The **Jabiru** (***Jabiru mycteria***) is a large stork found in the Americas from Mexico to Argentina, except west of the Andes. It is most common in the Pantanal region of Brazil and the Eastern Chaco region of Paraguay. It is the only member of the genus _Jabiru_. The name comes from the Tupi-Guaraní language and means "swollen neck".
Big Dipper (disambiguation)

**Big Dipper** is the American name for the seven brightest stars of Ursa Major. It is called the Plough in Britain.

**Big Dipper** also may refer to:
- Big Dipper, alternative name for a roller coaster ride, especially in the United Kingdom. Several roller coasters are specifically known by this name, including;
    - Big Dipper (Blackpool), a wooden roller coaster at Blackpool Pleasure Beach
    - Big Dipper (Geauga Lake), a wooden roller coaster at Geauga Lake
    - Big Dipper (Luna Park Sydney), a wooden roller coaster operating at Luna Park Sydney from 1935 until 1981
    - Cyclone (Dreamworld), a steel roller coaster which operated as Big Dipper at Luna Park Sydney from 1995 to 2001
- For other uses of the big dipper see Starry Plough (disambiguation)

As a nickname in sport, **Big Dipper** may also refer to:
- Wilt Chamberlain (1936–1999), American basketball player
- Melvin Turpin (1960–2010), American basketball player
- Jeff Wilkins (born 1955), American basketball player
- Robert DiPierdomenico (born 1958), Australian rules footballer
- Chris Duncan (born 1981), American baseball player

In music:
- Big Dipper (band), a 1980s-1990s Boston alternative-rock band
- Big Dipper (Elton John song), a 1978 song by Elton John
- Big Dipper (album), a 2003 album by Drop Trio
- "Big Dipper", a song by Jethro Tull from their 1976 album _Too Old to Rock 'n' Roll: Too Young to Die!_
- "Big Dipper", a song by Built to Spill from their 1994 album _There's Nothing Wrong with Love_
- Big Dipper (Michigan's Adventure)

## Related pages

- Beidou (disambiguation), Chinese name of Big Dipper
Ophiuchus (disambiguation)

**Ophiuchus** is the name of a constellation Ophiuchus, a person holding a snake.

**Ophiuchus** also may mean:

- Ophiuchus_(band) is an English folk band.
- Ophiuchus_(astrology) is a sign in the Western zodiac.