juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Pescozada

**Pescozada** is a hip-hop group from El Salvador. Their members are two men named Debil Estar and Fat Lui. They rap about gangs, politics, and the future of El Salvador. Their songs include "Primer Acto" and "I Could Fly". They rap in Spanish.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Pescozada
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Chalatenango, El Salvador
- **genre**: Rap music, Rap
Hardcore rap, Hardcore
- **years active**: 1998–present
- **label**: Glifico Records, Istmo Music
- **associated acts**: Joaquin Santos, Mecate, Poeta DeMente, Omnionn
- **url**: [http://www.pescozada.com pescozada.com]
- **current members**: Debil Estar, Fat Lui, Omnionn
- **past members**: Poeta DeMente
Rhyme

**Rhyme** means words that sound the same or similar in their endings. Poems and popular song lyrics often use rhyme. A simple poem can also be called a rhyme.

Many examples of rhyme are in folk songs, children's songs, and of course in nursery rhymes. Rhymes at the ends of the lines in a song or poem are normal:

- Roses are red, violets are _blue_,
- Sugar is sweet, and so are _you_.

- Mary had a little lamb, its fleece was white as _snow_,
- And everywhere that Mary went, the lamb was sure to _go_.

The counting song

- One, _two_, buckle my _shoe_,
- Three, _four_, shut the _door_,
- Five, _six_, pick up _sticks_,
- Seven, _eight_, lay them _straight_...

uses "internal rhymes," rhymes that fall within a single line instead of at the end of lines. In another children's poem,

- With a knick-_knack_, paddy-_whack_, give the dog a _bone_,
- This old man came rolling _home_...

_knack_ and _whack_ give another example of internal rhyme. Also, the rhymes at the ends of the lines, _bone_ and _home_, are not "exact rhymes."  Exact rhymes are the same in everything but the first sound. Exact rhymes are the most common type of rhyme and can be formed easily with common sounds in English:

- _pay / day / way / say / may / bay / play / pray / stay_ ...
- _me / we / be / see / tree / knee_ ...

Other rhymes are not exact but only similar:

- Goosey goosey _gander_, whither will you _wander_,
- Upstairs, downstairs, in my lady's _chamber_...

Here, the rhymes are not exact rhymes. Also, _gander_ and _wander_ are "sight rhymes," words that look like rhymes when printed but do not sound quite alike. Sight rhymes are more common in poetry meant to be read, than in songs or verse meant to be sung or spoken aloud and heard by listeners.

Rhymes can be made up of more than one word, as in the short poem _Rondeau_ by James Henry Leigh Hunt:

- Jenny kissed me when we met,
    - Jumping from the chair she _sat in_;
- Time, you thief, who love to get
    - Sweets into your book, put _that in_:
- Say I'm weary, say I'm sad,
    - Say that health and wealth have _missed me_,
- Say I'm growing old, but add,
    - Jenny _kissed me_.

Along with simple normal rhymes, _met_ and _get_, _sad_ and _add_, and one internal rhyme, _health_ and _wealth_, Hunt creates sets of clever two-word rhymes.

Some poets and writers use very unusual rhymes. Well-known examples are in the song lyrics to the 1939 MGM film version of L. Frank Baum's _The Wizard of Oz_. The lyrics, written by E. Y. "Yip" Harburg, use many odd rhymes, plus internal rhymes, complex rhyme patterns, and other tricks of language. W. S. Gilbert, the lyricist for the Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas, wrote the same way. The books of Dr. Seuss are also famous for their many strange rhymes.

Poets who choose to avoid rhyme write in blank verse or free verse.

## Related pages

- Rhyme scheme
- rhythm
- verse
- sonnet

## Other websites

- Orange Rhyming Words
- Rhyming Dictionary
- French Rhyme Dictionary : Rimes.fr
Lock

- _For  locks on a river or canal, see Lock (water transport)_

A **lock** keeps things closed. It keeps people from opening something, such as a door or a box. Keys open locks. Sometimes an electronic card or secret numbers will open a lock. The verb ***to lock*** means to set the lock so the door or object is closed. A person who works on locks is called a locksmith.

## Types of lock mechanisms

A **key lock** is a lock that uses a key (a piece of metal with teeth like a little saw) to open it. Someone must put the key in the lock and turn it to open the lock. This lock is used in doors and locks for boxes. Key locks can be defeated by picking them.

A **combination lock** is a lock that uses a dial (a knob with numbers all around it) to open it. Someone must turn the dial to the right numbers in the right order. This is called the "combination." This lock is used on safes and locks for bicycles.

An **electronic lock** is a special lock that can only be opened with a message from a computer. This message can be stored in a computer chip on a card (called a "key card" or "security card"). Or it can be made by a computer looking at someone's fingerprint or eye.

Time locks are used in banks. They prevent anyone opening the vault until a preset time. This defeats burglary attempts when the bank is closed.

## Types of lock

Padlocks are probably the most common type of lock. They are opened either with a key or a combination. The best way to break them is to snap the hoop with a long-handled bolt cutter.

Pin tumbler locks, commonly called 'Yale locks', are very common for fastening doors. They were indeed invented by Linus Yale Jnr in the 1860s.

Deadbolts are locks which cannot be moved to the open position except by rotating the cylinder.

Spring latch lock. The common door latch which locks when you pull the door closed. It is much less secure than a deadbolt lock, but more convenient.

## Security

No lock is completely safe, though some are safer than others. Locks can be defeated by brute force or by lock picking. The most common brute force tool is the crowbar, commonly called (UK) a jimmy or jerry or (US) a wrecking bar.

Picking involve tools such as pin-tumbler lock picks, skeleton keys, bump keys, pick guns etc. Carrying these tools, especially after dark, is an arrestable offence in most countries except if the owner is a registered locksmith.

## Other websites

- The Restoration of Antique Lock and Key by Abha Vardhan (2019)
- Picking Locks _Popular Mechanics_
Knob

A **knob** is a round handle that can be turned or pulled. A **doorknob** is a round handle that is turned to open a door. A **cabinet knob** is a small handle that is pulled to open a cabinet door or drawer. A **control knob** can turn a lamp on and off or make the volume on a radio go up or down.

A "knob" can also be any small, round thing that sticks out.
Eintracht Frankfurt

**Eintracht Frankfurt** is a German sports club from Frankfurt am Main, best known for the football section.

The club plays in the Bundesliga. They have won the German Championship once and German Cup (DFB-Pokal) 5 times (last time in 2018) and the UEFA Europa League twice.

They were founded in 1899. The team colours are red, black and white. They play at Deutsche Bank Park (former Waldstadion). The current captain of the side is goalkeeper Kevin Trapp from Germany.
The coach of Eintracht Frankfurt is Dino Toppmöller.

Eintracht has also 18 other sections such as athletics, basketball and ice hockey.

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Eintracht Frankfurt
- **fullname**: Eintracht Frankfurt e. V.
- **nickname**: Die Adler - _The Eagles_
SGE - _S_port_g_emeinde _E_intracht)
Launische Diva (vom Main) - Moody diva (from Main)
- **founded**: 8 March 1899
- **ground**: Deutsche Bank Park,
Frankfurt am Main
- **capacity**: 59,500
- **chairman**: Mathias Beck
- **manager**: Albert Riera
- **captain**: Kevin Trapp
- **league**: German Bundesliga, 1. Bundesliga
- **season**: 2024–25 German Bundesliga, 2024–25
- **position**: German Bundesliga, 1. Bundesliga, 3rd
- **pattern la1**: _frankfurt2526h
- **pattern b1**: _frankfurt2526h
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- **pattern so1**: _frankfurt2526hl
- **leftarm1**: 000000
- **body1**: 000000
- **rightarm1**: 000000
- **shorts1**: 000000
- **socks1**: 000000
- **pattern la2**: _frankfurt2526a
- **pattern b2**: _frankfurt2526a
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- **pattern sh2**: _frankfurt2526a
- **pattern so2**: _adidasblack2l
- **pattern la3**: _frankfurt2526t
- **pattern b3**: _frankfurt2526t
- **pattern ra3**: _frankfurt2526t
- **pattern sh3**: _frankfurt2526t
- **pattern so3**: _adidaswhitel
- **leftarm3**: 7c85a4
- **body3**: 7c85a4
- **rightarm3**: 7c85a4
- **shorts3**: 7c85a4
- **socks3**: 7c85a4
Commonwealth of Nations

The **Commonwealth of Nations** (also known only as "Commonwealth") is a voluntary organisation of countries. Originally, it was called the  **British Commonwealth**  which was founded in 1926 when the British Empire began to break up. Now, there are 56 member countries of the Commonwealth.

Only countries which were part of the British Empire are allowed to become members of the Commonwealth (although an exception was made for Rwanda, Mozambique and Gabon which were never colonised by Britain, when they were allowed to become members). Members are free to leave and rejoin the Commonwealth. However, joining or rejoining the Commonwealth can become difficult, when the candidate country has serious human rights violations.

## Origin

The term the Commonwealth of Nations originated in 1884. Lord Rosebery was on a visit to Australia in 1884. At Adelaide he said that over a period of time a number of colonies of the British Empire will become free and many may become more independent. He further said that all of these countries would then become the Commonwealth of Nations.

## Purpose

The Commonwealth of Nations is not a political organization. King Charles III is also head of state of 16 Commonwealth countries, referred to as Commonwealth realms. Canada and Australia are two of the largest realms.  A Secretary General manages the day-to-day matters of the Commonwealth of Nations. Patricia Scotland is the Secretary General since 2015. However, the United Kingdom or the Secretary General does not have any direct or indirect control over these countries. In fact, almost all the 53 members are independent countries with their own governments and hold Commonwealth Games. These countries have come together to form an association with some common aims. Such common aims include:
- To increase economic cooperation among the member countries.
- To encourage democracy in the member countries.
- To ensure that member countries follow human rights.

## Some information

- The total population of all the 56 countries of the Commonwealth is about 2.245 billion. This is almost a third of the population of the whole world. About half of these live in India.
- The four largest Commonwealth nations by population are India at 1.37 billion, Pakistan at 230 million, Nigeria at 174 million, and Bangladesh at 166 million.
- Tuvalu and Nauru are the smallest members, each with less than 11,000 people.
- These 53 countries cover an area of . This is about 21 % of the total land area of the world.
- The three largest Commonwealth nations by area are Canada at , Australia at , and India at .
- The economy of these countries is about 16 % of the world economy.
- Based on the purchasing power parity, the four largest economies are India at 2,600 billion US dollars, the United Kingdom at 1,500 billion US dollars, Canada at 930 billion US dollars, and Australia at 520 billion US dollars.

## Other websites

- Commonwealth of Nations -Citizendium
Interpol (disambiguation)

- Interpol is the name of an International organization. This organization tries to solve crimes.
- Interpol (band) is a famous band.
Nuclear meltdown

A **nuclear meltdown** describes a malfunction of a nuclear reactor. The term "nuclear meltdown" is commonly used by the public and by news media, but nuclear engineers usually refer to it as a **core melt accident**. A nuclear meltdown occurs when the middle portion of the nuclear reactor containing the fuel rods (its "core") is not properly cooled.   This can occur when the cooling system fails or is otherwise defective.  If this happens, uranium or plutonium or similar materials inside the nuclear reactor become hot and may start melting or dissolving.   It is this melting that is a nuclear meltdown. Due to decay heat, a nuclear meltdown can occur even in a reactor that is shut down. The uranium and plutonium liquified in a nuclear meltdown, mixed with fission products, melted zirconium from the fuel rod cladding, and other materials, is called corium. Corium is highly radioactive and remains hazardous for many centuries after a meltdown. The zirconium is a hazard because at high temperatures, it can react with the cooling water and make flammable hydrogen gas.

## Meltdowns

Around the world, some nuclear meltdowns have occurred.  Some of them were mild, but few of them were very serious. Nuclear meltdowns can kill people from radiation poisoning.

The very last accident was the Fukushima nuclear disaster in March 2011. Four reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant had cooling problems after back-up diesel generators were destroyed by the tsunami.

In 1986, a nuclear meltdown occurred in a place named Chernobyl (Ukraine). In this case, all the people living in the towns and the villages (near the defective nuclear reactor) had to move to far away places. The Chernobyl meltdown created a mass of corium which has been nicknamed "the Elephant's Foot" and is one of the most radioactive objects in the world.

Most large submarines get power from nuclear reactors inside them.  These are nuclear submarines. Some Russian nuclear submarines have faced nuclear meltdown.

Sometimes, the nuclear meltdown may happen immediately. For example, the nuclear reactor at Chernobyl. Sometimes, the nuclear meltdown may take many hours to happen. For example, the nuclear meltdown at Three Mile Island, (Pennsylvania, United States) took many hours to happen.

A nuclear meltdown is sometimes called the "China syndrome", which refers to a scenario, not meant to be taken literally, where a reactor core could melt through the Earth "all the way to China". The movie _The China Syndrome_ is named after this scenario. There is no way such an event could happen in the real world. A reactor core could not melt through the Earth's crust, and even if it did melt to the center of the Earth, it would not go back up to the surface against gravity.
Zoroaster

**Zoroaster** was an ancient prophet who lived in Persia. He founded a religion named Zoroastrianism. This religion has a long history. It was the national religion of Sassanid Empire of ancient Persia. In Persian language, the name takes the form of _Zartosht_.

Most scholars agree that Zoroaster was a real person who lived long ago. No one is certain about the time when he lived. One estimate is that he lived and died about 6th century BC.

## Other websites

- Zoroaster -Citizendium

## Infobox (saint)

- **name**: Zoroaster
- **image**: Zartosht 30salegee.jpg
- **birth date**: 6th century BCE
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

The **International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement** is a movement to save human life and health. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.

Although it is a big international organisation, it is privately run. No government controls the Red Cross.

The Red Cross has a special job, given by international law. It is the only private group to have its jobs set out by international law.

Three things make up the movement:

- The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was created in 1863 in Geneva. Its job, under international law, is to protect the life and dignity of the victims of war.
- The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) was founded in 1919. It tries to make sure the national Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies can work together and organise relief assistance missions in case of large-scale emergencies. The International Federation Secretariat is also based in Geneva, Switzerland.
- There is a Red Cross and Red Crescent society in nearly every country in the world. 186 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies are recognized by the ICRC and admitted as full members of the Federation. Each one works in its home country, following the ideas of international humanitarian law and the statutes of the international Movement. If possible National Societies can take on additional humanitarian tasks that are not directly defined by international humanitarian law or the mandates of the international Movement. The British Red Cross Society, for example, organises volunteer ambulances at public events. The German Red Cross operates a blood bank and a professional full-time ambulance service for hospitals.

The **Red Cross**, the **Red Crescent** and the **Red Crystal**,
the three international symbols of the Red Cross

## Goals

According to the Geneva conventions, there are five goals for International red cross and red crescent movements;
- To monitor compliance of warring parties with the Geneva Conventions
- To organize nursing and care for those who are wounded on the battlefield
- To supervise the treatment of prisoners of war and treat them
- To help with the search for missing persons in a war (tracing service)
- To organize protection and care for normal people
- To make peace between groups in war

## Other websites

- International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Official Website
Doha

**Doha** (Arabic: الدوحة;, Ad-Dawḥah or Ad-Dōḥah) is the capital city of Qatar. It has a population of **673,000** **(2025)** and is at 25.3° N 51.5333° E, on the Persian Gulf. The city has an airport called Doha International Airport, In 2014, Qatar Opened It's Biggest Airport Named Hamad International Airport. Doha also has major oil and fishing industries. Doha has an area devoted to research and education called  Education City.In 2006 The Asian Games Was Held In Doha From December 1 to December 15. Doha's leader is a sheikh named Sheikh Tamim. The official language of Doha is English and Arabic. The biggest mall in Qatar is Qatar Mall.

## Climate

Doha has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with long, extremely hot summers and short, warm winters. The average high temperatures between May and September surpass 38 °C (100 °F) and often approach 45 °C (113 °F). Humidity is usually the lowest in May and June. Dewpoints can surpass 30 °C (86 °F) in the summer. Throughout the summer, the city averages almost no precipitation, and less than 20 mm (0.79 in) during other months. Rainfall is scarce, at a total of 75 mm (2.95 in) per year, falling on isolated days mostly between October to March. The winter's days are relativity warm while the sun is up and cool during the night. The temperature rarely drops below 7 °C (45 °F).

## Borders

Doha is bordered by Saudi Arabia on its south. On its north, it is bordered by the Persian Gulf. The nearest oversea country is Bahrain.

## Education

- HEC Paris in Qatar
- Doha College British International School
- American School of Doha
- Qatar International Doha
- Doha British School Ain Khaled
- Doha International School
- Global Academy International

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Doha
- **native name**:
_ad-Dawḥa_
- **settlement type**: Metropolis
- **image skyline**: Doha skyline in the morning (12544910974).jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: Doha skyline in the morning
- **pushpin map**: Qatar
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Doha within Qatar
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Municipalities of Qatar, Municipality
- **subdivision name1**: Ad-Dawhah (municipality), Ad-Dawhah
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 1825
- **total type**: metropolis
- **area total km2**: 132
- **population total**: 3,148,978
- **population as of**: 2026
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population metro**: N/A
- **timezone1**: AST
- **utc offset1**: +3
- **type**: City
Bandar Seri Begawan

**Bandar Seri Begawan** is the capital city of Brunei and the largest city. It has a population of 140,000 (2010 estimate). The city is the home of producers of furniture, textiles, handcrafts, and timber. It is the site of the Royal Ceremonial Hall or Lapau, Royal Regalia Building, the Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque, the Malay Technology Museum, and the Brunei History Center.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bandar Seri Begawam
- **settlement type**: Capital city
- **image skyline**: BSB Composite.jpg
- **image caption**: left: Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Mosque, Tuan Muda Omar Ali Saifuddin Park, Lapau Diraja, Dirgahayu Landmark and Downtown Bandar Seri Begawan.
- **subdivision type**: List country, Country
- **pushpin map**: Brunei
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 100.36
- **population total**: 140000
- **timezone**: Brunei Darussalam Time, BNT
- **utc offset**: +8
Thimphu

**Thimphu** (ཐིམ་ཕུ་) is the capital city of Bhutan. It is the name of the surrounding valley and dzongkhag, the Thimphu District. It has a population of 50,000 (2003), it is the largest population center in the country. Thimphu is located at 27°28′00″N, 89°38′30″E.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Thimphu
- **native name**: ཐིམ་ཕུག
- **settlement type**: Capital city and Thromde
- **image seal**: Official_Seal_of_Thimphu.png
- **pushpin map**: Bhutan#Asia
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Thimphu in Bhutan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Districts of Bhutan, District
- **subdivision name1**: Thimphu District, Thimphu
- **subdivision type2**: Gewogs of Bhutan, Gewog
- **subdivision name2**: Chang Gewog, Chang
- **leader title**: Druk Gyalpo
- **leader name**: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
- **leader title1**: Thrompon
- **leader name1**: Ugyen Dorji
- **established title**: Established as capital
- **established date**: 1955
- **established title2**: Township
- **established date2**: 1961
- **established title3**: Local Government Act of Bhutan 2009, Municipality
- **established date3**: 2009
- **area total km2**: 26.1
- **population as of**: 2017
- **population total**: 114,551
- **population density km2**: 4389
- **timezone**: Bhutan Time, BTT
- **utc offset**: +06:00
- **elevation m**: 2320
- **elevation ft**: 7656
- **blank name sec1**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank info sec1**: Subtropical highland climate, Cwb
- **area code**: +975-2
Colombo

**Colombo** (; ) is the largest city of Sri Lanka. It is the city which is economically most important to the country. It has 642,163 people. It is on the west coast close to the capital city of Kotte.

The name Colombo is borrowed from Sinhala language name Kola-amba-thota which means "harbor with leafy mango trees". Traveller Ibn Batuta in the 14th century referred to it as _Kalanpu_.

## Related pages

- 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Colombo
- **native name**:

- **official name**: Metropolis
- **settlement type**: List of countries with multiple capitals, Commercial Capital
- **image caption**: From top left to right: Beira Lake skyline with Colombo Lotus Tower (right) and the Altair (Building), Altair (left), Gautama Buddha, Buddha statues at Seema Malaka, Independence Memorial Hall, The Murugan Hindu temple in Slave Island, the Grand Oriental Hotel in Fort (Colombo), Fort, Nelum Pokuna Mahinda Rajapaksa Theatre, Nelum Pokuna, the Old Parliament Building, Colombo, Old Parliament Building, Bank of Ceylon building and World Trade Center (Colombo), WTC twin towers in the Colombo financial district of Fort (Colombo), Fort
- **subdivision name**: Sri Lanka
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sri Lanka, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Western Province, Sri Lanka, Western Province
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Sri Lanka, District
- **subdivision name2**: Colombo District
- **leader title**: Municipal Council
- **leader name**: Colombo Municipal Council
- **leader title1**: Headquarters
- **leader name1**: Town Hall (Colombo), Town Hall
- **leader title2**: Mayor of Colombo, Mayor
- **leader name2**: Rosy Senanayake (United National Party, UNP)
- **area total km2**: 37.31
- **area total sq mi**: 14.41
- **population total**: 752,993
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: 20182
- **population urban**: 2,323,826 (area size 699 sq km)
- **population metro**: 5,648,000 (area size 3684 sq km)
- **timezone**: Sri Lanka Standard Time, SLST
- **utc offset**: +05:30
- **elevation m**: 1
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in Sri Lanka, Postal code
- **postal code**: 0xxxx
- **area code**: Telephone numbers in Sri Lanka, 011
Malé

- _The article about one of two sexes can be found at Male_

**Malé** (Dhivehi: މާލެ) is the capital city of the Maldives. It has a population of 133,412 (2014). The city is on Malé Island in the Kaafu Atoll. Although Malé is in Kaafu Atoll, administratively it is not considered part of it. There is a commercial harbor in the Island. It is the center of all commercial activities in the country. Many government buildings and agencies are on the waterfront. Malé International Airport is close to Hulhule Island which includes a seaplane base for internal transportation.
and male' has the most beautiful reefs on earth. Male's current president is Ibrahim Solih and it is known as the smallest city on earth. It is quite a dense city.

## History

The Maldives are named after the capital city Malé. The city used to be called _Mahal_, and it had walls and defences around it. Recently, the island has become much bigger due to filling the ocean beside it with land.
Khyber Pass

The **Khyber Pass** (also called the **Khaiber Pass** or **Khaybar Pass**) () is a pass between Pakistan and Afghanistan; **National _Border_ Pass** (International). It is the _National Pass_ of **Pakistan**, and connects the frontiers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to Afghanistan.

Throughout history it has been an important trade route between Central Asia and South Asia, and a strategic military pass. The actual summit of the pass is 5 kilometers inside Pakistan at Landi Kotal. The pass cuts through the Safed Koh mountains which are a far southeastern extension of the Hindu Kush range.the height of the khyber pass is 1,070m and width is 140m.

The area around the Pass is inhabited by a number of Pashtun tribes, especially the Afridis.

## Things to see around Khyber Pass

- Michni Post at the Pak-Afghan border
- Landikotal FC Mess
- Torkham Car Market
- Haji Ayub Afridi Compound
- Ali Masjid Fort
- Sphola Stupa
- Shagai Fort
- Khyber Steam Safari

## Infobox (mountain pass)

- **name**: Khyber Pass
د خیبر درہ

- **photo**: KhyberPassPakistan.jpg
- **photo caption**: The pass connects Landi Kotal to the Valley of Peshawar.
- **elevation m**: 1070
- **location**: Between Landi Kotal and Jamrud
- **range**: Spīn Ghar (Safēd Kōh)
- **map**: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#Pakistan#Afghanistan
- **map caption**: Location of Khyber Pass
- **traversed**: N-5 National Highway; Khyber Pass Railway
Ground zero

**Ground zero** is the name for the exact place where an explosion occurs. It is the place where the most damage happens. The farther away from ground zero, the less damage there is. Sometimes, people say "ground zero" about a famous explosion, like the atomic bomb in Hiroshima or the September 11 attacks. These places can have special markers at ground zero.
Anne Rice

**Anne Rice** (born **Howard Allen O'Brien**, October 4, 1941 – December 11, 2021) was an American author of horror/fantasy novels. _Interview with the Vampire_ and _The Queen of the Damned_ are among her best-known works. She wrote four series, including _The Vampire Chronicles_ and _Christ the Lord_.

Rice was born in New Orleans, Louisiana to Irish Roman Catholic parents. One of her sisters was novelist Alice Borchardt (1939–2007). Rice was married to poet Stan Rice (1942–2002) from 1961 his death. They had a daughter, Michele (1966–1972) and a son, novelist Christopher (born 1978).

Rice died on December 11, 2021, of complications from a stroke. She was 80.

## Other websites

- Anne Rice's spiritual journey site

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Anne Rice
- **image**: Anne Rice.jpg
- **caption**: Anne Rice in 2006
- **birth place**: New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, U.S.
- **birth name**: Howard Allen Frances O'Brien
- **death place**: Rancho Mirage, California, U.S.
- **alma mater**: San Francisco State University
- **occupation**: Novelist
- **genre**: Gothic fiction, Horror fiction, horror, Erotica, Christian fiction, Fantasy novel, Fantasy
- **nationality**: American
- **spouse**: Stan Rice <small>(m. 1961–2002, his death)</small>
- **relatives**: Alice Borchardt (sister)
Necktie

A **necktie** (or a **tie**) is an article of clothing worn by men. A tie is part of an ensemble (or outfit) of clothing called the "suit and tie." This outfit is worn in Western countries by men in professional jobs such as business, law, and politics.

A necktie is usually made of silk or polyester, and it usually has a color or pattern on it. Men tie a knot in neckties and wear them with dress shirts in order to make them look more formal.

## Bow ties

The **bow tie** is a type of necktie. It is a ribbon of fabric tied around the collar in a symmetrical manner such that the two opposite ends form loops.

Ready-tied bow ties are available, in which the distinctive bow is sewn and a band goes around the neck and clips to secure. Some "clip-ons" dispense with the band altogether, instead clipping to the collar.
Joke

A **joke** is something said, written or done to make people laugh. There are many kinds of jokes; they can be questions with surprising answers or stories with unexpected endings. The humour of a joke comes from the surprise.

Jokes can be about anything. Jokes can be found anywhere: on the Internet, in books or heard from friends. Some jokes are about groups of people and can hurt people's feelings, for example if they are racist, homophobic or sexist. Some very offensive jokes can sometimes be seen as hate speech, and can get you into prison. This is because hate speech is known as a felony in the US.

Jokes are used in comedy, plays and movies.

Jokes could take the form of sarcasm or even try to poke fun at something to get a point across. People sometimes get hurt by jokes at them. If a joke is used to show a problem in someone's thought, it is normally called satire.

There are also practical jokes.

An example of a regular joke is: Why did the chicken cross the road? To go to KFC.

## Related pages

- April Fools' Day
- Lie
- Humor
- Laughter
Brother-in-law

A **brother-in-law** is the brother of someone's wife or husband. A brother-in-law is also someone's brother's or sister's husband.

## Related pages

- Affinity (law)
- Sister-in-law
Sister-in-law

Someone's **sister-in-law** is the wife of his or her brother or sister. Someone's sister-in-law is also his or her spouse's sister.

## Related pages

- Affinity (law)
- Brother-in-law
Tuxedo

A **tuxedo** is an ensemble (or outfit) of clothing which includes a white dress shirt, a bow tie, dress pants, a tuxedo suit jacket (sometimes called a dinner jacket), leather  shoes, and sometimes a vest or cummerbund, top hat and gloves.  In European countries, this outfit is called **black tie**. Many men wear this outfit in Western countries on formal occasions like a marriage ceremony or a fancy party or dance.

The white shirt is usually made of cotton or linen. A dress shirt has a stiff collar and it is ironed before it is worn. A bow tie is usually made of silk or polyester, and it is usually black or white. Dress pants are made of wool or polyester, and they are ironed before they are worn. A tuxedo suit jacket is usually made of wool or polyester. Suit jackets have a collar, pockets, and a silk or polyester lining. Leather dress shoes are usually made of dark-colored leather which is polished. Sometimes, a person wearing a tuxedo will also wear a sleeveless vest with buttons in the front, a black top hat, and white gloves.

Some men wear a tuxedo for their jobs, such as symphony orchestra musicians or waiters in expensive restaurants.

Since most men do not wear tuxedos very often, they may rent them when needed instead of buying them.  Sometimes, men's tuxedo vests and ties match the dress of the woman he is with. They are mainly worn to big events such as weddings, dinner parties or some sort of smart event.

## Related pages

- Dress code
Experience points

_'Experience points_, commonly known as ‘xp’ or 'exp', are numbers used in certain role-playing games. Gaining enough experience points usually leads to the player "leveling up." Each "level up" means that the player is more powerful than before. They can use better weapons, armor, and magic. Most games have a maximum level that the player can achieve, which means they can not get any more experience points.
Hide (musician)

, better known by his stage name **hide**, was a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter and record producer, the lead guitarist of the band X Japan. He was also a successful solo artist, once contributing to the American-based band Zilch. He is regarded as very influential to modern Japanese music. His music can be classified as glam rock and pop. X Japan was one of the main bands to develop the musical movement called visual kei.

hide was born at Yokosuka, in Kanagawa Prefecture. He lived and created music in Tokyo and Los Angeles. He died in Tokyo on 2 May 1998, after a night of drinking. He committed suicide.

## Spread Beaver

hide's solo project was called **hide with Spread Beaver**. It was formed at the start of 1998, and was based in Los Angeles. They released three single CDs and one album. The first single was "Rocket Dive", released on 28 January 1998. The other two singles were recorded by the end of April, and were scheduled to be released in May. hide travelled to Tokyo to promote the new songs, but he died on 2 May before they were released. The two new singles were released on 13 May and 27 May. They were called "Pink Spider" and "Ever Free". "Pink Spider" entered the Oricon charts at #1 and eventually received the year's MTV video music award. hide's studio album, _Ja, Zoo_,  was released in November 1998. His band played their promotion tour live in Japan as scheduled.

hide's backing musicians were:
-  – percussion, programming <small>(1993–98, 2008)</small>
-  – guitar <small>(1994–96)</small>
-  – bass guitar <small>(1994–98, 2008)</small>
-  – drums <small>(1994–98, 2008)</small>
-  – keyboards <small>(1994–98, 2008)</small>
-  – guitar <small>(1996–98, 2008)</small>
-  – guitar <small>(1998, 2008)</small>

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: hide
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Hideto Matsumoto
- **alias**: hide, HIDE
- **birth place**: Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- **death place**: Minami-Azabu, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar
- **years active**: 1981–98
Measurement

Measurement means compare to a fix standard value. To **measure** something is to give a number to some property of the thing. Measuring something puts the amount of the thing into numbers. Measurement can be written using many different units. For example, if we want to compare two different sized container for holding a given quantity of liquid, we can ask: Are both containers the same size? Will they hold the same amount of liquid?

## What can be measured?

Many things can be measured. Some properties of things that can be measured:
- **Distance**: For example, distance measurements can be used to answer the following questions;
    - How far is the city from here?
    - How far apart are these two trees?
    - How long is this stick?
- **Weight**: For example, weight measurements can be used to answer the following questions;
    - What is heavier, this group of apples or that group of bananas?
    - Did John lose weight in the last year?
    - Will putting this rock in the boat make the boat sink?
- **Temperature**: For example, temperature measurements can be used to answer the following questions;
    - Where is hotter today? In London or in Paris?
    - Will this ice turn into water if I put it inside?
    - Is Sally sick? Does Sally have a fever?
- **Volume**: For example, volume measurements can be used to answer the following questions;
    - How many pails of water do I need to fill up the bath tub?
    - How much olive oil do I put in this food I am making?
    - How many blocks can I fit in this box?
- **Pressure**: For example, pressure measurements can be used to answer the following questions;
    - How much air should I put in this automobile tire?
    - Will the weather stay good or will we have a storm?
    - Will my ears pop when I climb that hill?

One can measure many other things.

## Units of measurement

Most properties are measured using a number and a unit of measurement. The unit of measurement is a standard amount. The number compares the property to the standard amount.

## Measure theory

There is an advanced branch of mathematics that is about measuring things with unusual characteristics. This is called measure theory.

Measurement can be the capacity, how long something is, or distance, etc.

## Related pages

- Size

## Other websites

- Measurement Citizendium
Alligator clip

**Alligator clips** are toothed clips on the ends of electric wires.  They are hinged near the back, making them look like alligator jaws. Sometimes they are also called **crocodile clips**. Usually those clips are used in measuring to temporarily connect a meter to an electrical circuit or a single component.
Dallas Cowboys

The **Dallas Cowboys** are a professional American Football team from the Dallas, Texas, United States.  Their stadium, AT&T Stadium is in Arlington, Texas, which is just outside of Dallas County, Texas. Before 1970 they played at the Cotton Bowl Stadium before 1971.  From 1970 to 2008 they played at Texas Stadium in Irving, Texas, which is just outside of Dallas.  They were started when they joined the NFL in 1960. They have won 5 Super Bowls, and they are currently owned by Jerry Jones. Their uniform is white silver and blue with a blue star on their helmet. Troy Aikman was a great quarterback for the Cowboys. Emmitt Smith and Tony Dorsett were notable runningbacks. The Cowboys are often known as "America's Team."

The team's current starting quarterback is Dak Prescott, with Cooper Rush as their second string. Their head coach is Mike McCarthy.

## Pro Football Hall of Famers

- Bob Lilly Class of 1980 (DT 1961–74)
- Roger Staubach Class of 1985 (QB 1969–79)
- Tom Landry Class of 1990 (Head Coach 1960–88)
- Tex Schramm Class of 1991 (Pres/GM 1960–89)
- Tony Dorsett Class of 1994 (RB 1977–87)
- Randy White Class of 1994 (DT 1975–88)
- Mel Renfro Class of 1996 (S/CB 1964–77)
- Troy Aikman Class of 2006 (QB 1989–2000)
- Rayfield Wright Class of 2006 (OT 1967–1979)
- Michael Irvin Class of 2007 (WR 1988–1999)
- Bob Hayes Class of 2009 (WR 1965–1975)
- Emmitt Smith Class of 2010 (RB 1990–2002)
- Deion Sanders Class of 2011 (CB 1995-1996)
- Larry Allen Class of 2013 (OG 1994-2005)
- Charles Haley Class of 2015 (DE 1992-1996)
- Terrell Owens Class of 2018 (WR 2006-2008)

## Other websites

- Official team site
Duncanville, Texas

**Duncanville** is a city in Texas that is right next to Dallas, Texas, USA. It has about 40,000 people. It is known as "The City of Champions," and "D'ville".
Koror City

**Koror** is the former capital city of Palau. Palau is divided into sixteen states, and Koror is one of the states in Palau. The state of Koror has about 90% of the population of the country. Koror is also the largest town, with a population of 14,000 (2004).
Palikir

**Palikir** is the capital city of the Federated States of Micronesia. It is on the island of Pohnpei. About 7,000 people live there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Palikir
- **image skyline**: Palikir.JPG
- **image caption**: World Class Surf of Palikir
- **image map**: Pohnpei Island.png
- **map caption**: Palikir (in north-western side)
 within the island of Pohnpei
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Federated States of Micronesia, F.S. Micronesia
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of the Federated States of Micronesia, State
- **subdivision type2**: Pohnpei#Administrative divisions, Municipality
- **subdivision name1**: Pohnpei State
- **subdivision name2**: Sokehs
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **population total**: 6647
- **population as of**: 2010
- **timezone**: UTC+11:00, UTC+11
- **blank name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank info**: Tropical rainforest climate, Af
Atari XL

The **Atari XL** was a series of 8-bit home computers introduced in 1983. They were an improved version of the Atari 800 and Atari 400 computers from 1979, which formed part of the Atari 8-Bit Family

Their main CPU was a MOS Technology 6502. There were 3 versions- the 1200XL, the 600XL and the 800XL. All three used a normal television as a display.
Port Moresby

**Port Moresby** (9°30′S 147°12′E) is the capital city and the main city of Papua New Guinea. In 2000, 255,000 people lived there. The city is on the shores of the Gulf of Papua, on the southeastern coast of the island of New Guinea.

The area on which the city was built was first sighted by a European in 1873 by Captain John Moresby. It was named in honor of his father Admiral Sir Fairfax Moresby.
Astana

**Astana** (, ), previously known as **Akmolinsk** (Russian: Акмолинск, romanized: Akmolinsk), **Tselinograd**, and **Nur-Sultan**, is the capital city of Kazakhstan.

Astana has an estimated population of 1,184,469. It has been the capital of Kazakhstan since 1998. The name "Astana", which in Kazakh language means "Capital city", was chosen because it is easily pronounced in many languages. In Kazakh, it is pronounced "As-ta-**na**", while in English (and, for instance, German), common pronunciation is "As-**ta**-na". It is in the Aqmola Province.

On 23 March 2019, a unanimous vote in Kazakhstan's parliament agreed to the new name. The city was renamed Nur-Sultan, after former president Nursultan Nazarbayev. The name was changed back to Astana in September 2022.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Astana
- **native name lang**: Kazakh
- **settlement type**: Capital city
- **image skyline**: Astana, capital of Kazakhstan 06.jpg
- **image caption**: Astana Tower and Ishim River
- **image flag**: Flag of Astana, Kazakhstan.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Astana (latin).svg
- **seal type**: Coat of arms
- **pushpin map**: Kazakhstan
- **pushpin label**: Astana
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Kazakhstan
- **population est**: 1184469
- **pop est as of**: 2021
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Kazakhstan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Akmola Region, Akmola
Cessna 172

The **Cessna 172** is one of the best-selling single engine airplanes in the world. Over 43,000 of them have been made. It is made by Cessna Aircraft Company.  It can carry 4 people including the pilot.  From 1956 until 1967, it had a Continental six-cylinder piston engine. Beginning in 1968, the 172 was powered by a Lycoming four-cylinder piston engine.  The small Cessna airplanes, including the 172, are very often used in pilot training.

## Other websites

- 172guide.com  – complete reference about all models of the Cessna 172 airplane

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: Cessna 172 Skyhawk
- **image**: File:Cessna172-CatalinaTakeOff.JPG
- **caption**: Cessna 172M


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Civil utility aircraft
- **manufacturer**: Cessna, Cessna Aircraft Company
- **national origin**: United States
- **introduced**: 1956
- **number built**: 43,000+
- **unit cost**: 172 United States dollar, US$8,700 (1956)
172R US$$274,900 (2012)
172S US$307,500 (2012)
- **developed from**: Cessna 170
- **variants with their own articles**: T-41 Mescalero
United States Marine Corps

The **United States Marine Corps** (also known as **USMC**) is one of the six branches of the military of the United States in the United States Department of Defense. It was created in 1775 as a special maritime service.

Although it is part of the United States Navy, it is a separate military branch with its own special ranking structure. It also has its own naval aiation.

The Marines have been involved in many conflicts and had important roles in key battles such as Tripoli, Iwo Jima, Guadalcanal, and Inchon Bay. Every Marine receives infantry training to be ready for battle at all times. Marine training is also known for being especially challenging. At 13 weeks long, it is the longest basic training of the six military branches.

The Marines place a large emphasis on morale (confidence, enthusiasm, and discipline), as is reflected in their motto, _semper fidelis_ (Latin for "always faithful"), which is often shortened to _semper fi_.

Samuel Nicholas founded the Mariner and was its first commissioned officer. The birthplace of the Marines is the Tun Tavern, in Philadelphia.

## Related pages

- USS Gyatt, a ship named after a Marine Raider who was killed at the Battle of Guadalcanal

## Other websites

- United States Marine Corps -Citizendium
The Alamo

The **Alamo** is an old Spanish mission (like a church built by Catholic missionaries to minister to the natives) in what is now San Antonio, Texas, United States. The Alamo was authorized in 1718 but was not built until 1744. Its original name was ***San Antonio de Valero Mission***.

The Alamo is most famous for the Battle of the Alamo, which took place there in 1836. It was occupied by 187 men from Texas and elsewhere who were fighting for the independence of Texas, which was then in Mexico. the men in the Alamo were defeated by a force of 5,000 Mexican troops. General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was the general for the Mexican Army. Nearly all of the defenders were killed, and "Remember the Alamo!" became the battle cry of the Texas Revolution. The battle ended on March 6, 1836, when those who surrendered were executed.

Many years later, the Texas government restored the Alamo. The Alamo became a National Historic Landmark in 1960 and is now open for tourists. It also became a UNESCO World Heritage Site on July 5, 2015.

## Infobox (historic site)

- **built**: 1744
- **image**: Alamo pano.jpg
- **caption**: The Alamo seen from up front.
- **location**: San Antonio, Texas
United States Department of the Navy

The **United States Department of the Navy** (**DON**) is a U.S. military department under the United States Department of Defense.

It was created in order to give civilian leadership and administration to the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. The Secretary of the Navy is in charge of the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Navy is under the authority of the Department of Defense.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: United States Department of the Navy
- **seal**: United States Department of the Navy Seal.svg
- **seal width**: 170
- **seal caption**: Seal of the Department of the Navy
- **chief1 name**: John Phelan (businessman), John Phelan
- **chief1 position**: United States Secretary of the Navy, Secretary
- **chief2 name**: Hung Cao
- **chief2 position**: United States Under Secretary of the Navy, Under Secretary
- **parent agency**: United States Department of Defense
- **child3 agency**: <small>(during wartime)</small>
Houston (disambiguation)

**Houston** is a city in Texas. It is the fourth largest city in the United States. It can also mean:

## People

- Sam Houston, Texas politician
    - Sam Houston State University, in Texas
- Peter Houston, athlete
- Whitney Houston, singer

## Places

- Houston Acres, Kentucky
- Houston County, Alabama
- Houston, Renfrewshire in Scotland
Weather station

A **weather station** has machines that measure wind speed, wind direction, temperature, barometric pressure, and humidity of the air around them. There are many ways to do this with instruments such as barometers (air pressure), psychrometers (humidity), anemometers (wind speed) and cielometers (electronic, for cloud cover). Many weather stations have no people; they report their measurements automatically.