juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Final Fantasy V

***Final Fantasy V*** is a medieval fantasy role-playing video game. It is developed and published by Square (now Square Enix). It was first made in 1992 as a part of the _Final Fantasy_ series. The game first appeared only in Japan on Nintendo's Super Famicom. It has been remade with little differences to Sony's PlayStation and Nintendo's Game Boy Advance.

The original video animation produced in 1994 called _Final Fantasy: Legend of the Crystals_ is a sequel to the game. It was released on the PlayStation Network on April 6, 2011 in Japan. The game was released for iPhone and iPad on March 28th, 2013.
A version of the game was created for the Nintendo Game Boy Advance in 2006. It has many weapons, items, armors and 22 jobs. Some jobs are secret and can only be unlocked in the GBA version.

The game begins when a wanderer named Bartz investigates a fallen meteor. He meets several characters. One tells him about the danger the four Crystals that control the world's elements. These Crystals act like a seal on Exdeath. Exdeath is an evil magician. Bartz and his friends have to keep the Crystals from being used by Exdeath.

_Final Fantasy V_ has been praised for its character customization. This is possible because of the large Job System. The first Super Famicom version sold more than two million copies. The PlayStation version has earned "Greatest Hits" status. It has sold more than 350,000 copies.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Final Fantasy V
- **width**: 260px
- **developer**: Square (company), Square
- **director**: Hironobu Sakaguchi
- **designer**: Hiroyuki Ito
- **programmer**: Ken Narita
- **composer**: Nobuo Uematsu
- **series**: _Final Fantasy_
- **genre**: Role-playing video game, Role-playing
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
Final Fantasy VI

***Final Fantasy VI ***(also known as ***Final Fantasy III*** for the US-SNES version)*** *** is a fantasy role-playing video game. It was made by Squaresoft, now called Square Enix. In this game, the story is about a half human, half Esper named Terra who must stop an evil empire led by Emperor Gestahl.

The game allows you to control 14  playable characters, the most of any part of the Final Fantasy Main Series.

When _Final Fantasy VI_ was released it was highly praised by critics. Meanwhile, it is seen as one of the landmark games in the role - play genre; IGN even ranked it as number one RPG of all time.

It was available for Super Nintendo and Playstation and sold 3.48 million times as stand-alone game worldwide, in addition to 750,000 copies of the Japanese _Final Fantasy Collection_.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Final Fantasy VI
- **developer**: Square (company), Square
- **producer**: Hironobu Sakaguchi
- **designer**: Hiroyuki Ito
- **composer**: Nobuo Uematsu
- **series**: _Final Fantasy_
- **genre**: Role-playing video game, Role-playing
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
Final Fantasy VIII

***Final Fantasy VIII*** is a fantasy role-playing video game. It was released for the PlayStation in 1999 and Windows computers in 2000. It was made by Square (now Square Enix). It is the eight title of the _Final Fantasy_ series. It removed magic point-based spell-casting. It was the first title to consistently use realistically proportioned characters. The game became available on PlayStation Network as a PSone Classics title in 2009.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Final Fantasy VIII
- **developer**: Square (company), Square
- **director**: Yoshinori Kitase
- **producer**: Shinji Hashimoto
- **designer**: Hiroyuki Ito
- **programmer**: Ken Narita
- **artist**: Yusuke Naora
- **writer**: Kazushige Nojima
- **composer**: Nobuo Uematsu
- **series**: _Final Fantasy_
- **platforms**: PlayStation (console), PlayStation, Microsoft Windows
- **genre**: Role-playing video game, Role-playing
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player
Final Fantasy X

***Final Fantasy X*** is a fantasy role-playing video game made by Square Enix. It is the 10th game in the _Final Fantasy_ video game series. The game was released in 2001, and is the first _Final Fantasy_ game that was made for the Sony PlayStation 2 video game console.

## Other websites

- Official _Final Fantasy X_ website
- _Final Fantasy X_ articles at Wikia
Final Fantasy X-2

***Final Fantasy X-2*** is a fantasy role-playing video game released for the PlayStation 2 in 2003. It was made by Square Enix. It is a direct sequel to the game _Final Fantasy X_, the first direct sequel in the _Final Fantasy_ series.
Final Fantasy XI

***Final Fantasy XI*** is an online fantasy role-playing video game. It was made by Square Enix.
Ditch

- _For use of the ditch as obstacles for horses, see ditch (obstacle)_

A **ditch** is created to channel water and can be described as a small or moderate depression. A ditch can be used for drainage, to drain water from low-lying areas, alongside roadways or fields, or to channel water from a more distant source for plant irrigation. A trench can be defined as a long narrow ditch.

Ditches are commonly seen around farmland, especially in areas that have required drainage, such as The Fens in the UK and the pro-water management The Netherlands.

Roadside ditches can provide a hazard to motorists, especially in poor weather conditions.

## Fortification

In military engineering and fortification, a distinction is made between a ditch and a trench. A ditch is a barrier, designed to slow down or break up an attacking force, while a trench is a cover, intended to provide protection to the defenders. In Medieval fortification, a ditch was often constructed in front of a defensive wall. When filled with water, such a defensive ditch is called a moat. Today ditches are of no importance as an obstacle for persons, but are still often used as anti-vehicle obstacles.
Flags of Brazilian states

This gallery of **flags of Brazilian states** shows the flags of the 26 Brazilian States and the federal district.

## Gallery

pt:Anexo:Lista de bandeiras do Brasil#Estaduais
Chobits

***Chobits*** is a Japanese manga and anime series created by CLAMP.

## Plot

The story is mostly about the life of Hideki Motosuwa who did not make it into a university, and so is called a 'ronin', a repeat student. Hideki tries to get into a university by moving from his farm and studying at Seki, a cram school in Tokyo. He is not used to women, but likes to imagine that he is. He wants to have a girlfriend and a 'Persocom'. A Persocom is a kind of robot that looks like a person, but can be used like a computer, phone, and a "partner" in some cases.

One evening when Hideki is walking home from the grocery store, he finds a unique Persocom on a curb. It is a beautiful young girl with long blonde hair, wrapped in white cloth, lying against a pile of trash bags. He takes the Persocom home. Hideki looks all over the Persocom's body for a switch to turn her on, and finds it between her legs. He turns her on and asks her questions, but all she can say is "chi", so Hideki names her Chi_Motosuwa)

## Anime

The anime has 26 episodes and was broadcast across East Asia and Southeast Asia by the anime television network, Animax. Episodes 9, 18, and an extra 27th OVA episode are used as "recap" episodes, looking back on the events that happened previously. The episodes were given different numbers for the DVD release because the original recap episodes were not included as part of the main anime, instead being published together on the final DVD and re-numbered as 8.5, 16.5 and 24.5 making the series only 24 episodes.

There is a 6-minute special episode: "Sumomo and Kotoko on a Quest", or "Chibits", which is about Sumomo and Kotoko.

The series was supervised by Morio Asaka, and Hisashi Abe was the character designer and the animation director. The ending to the anime series is different from the manga. One thing that is different is that there is no allusion to Hideki never having Chi because of where her switch is, and the new part of Freya taking over Chi's body and asking her mother Chitose to shut them down, saying the Chobits series is a failure, and the activation of the program after all, although the effect on Persocons is not the same as in the manga.

## Infobox (animanga/header)

- **ja kanji**: ちょびっツ
- **ja romaji**: Chobittsu


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: manga
- **author**: Clamp (manga artists), Clamp
- **publisher**: Kodansha
- **demographic**: _Seinen manga, Seinen_
- **magazine**: Weekly Young Magazine
- **first**: 2000
- **last**: 2002
- **volumes**: 8
- **volume list**: List of Chobits chapters


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: TV series
- **director**: Morio Asaka
- **producer**: Tatsuya Ono
Yuichi Sekido
Tetsuo Gensho
- **studio**: Madhouse (company), Madhouse
- **network**: Tokyo Broadcasting System, TBS, Hokkaido Broadcasting, HBC, BS-i, Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting, CBC, Shizuoka Broadcasting System, SBS, Tohoku Broadcasting Company, TBC, Mainichi Broadcasting System, MBS
- **first**: 2 April 2002
- **last**: 24 September 2002
- **episodes**: 26
- **episode list**: List of Chobits episodes


## Infobox (animanga/footer)
Brossard, Quebec

**Brossard** is a city near Montreal in the Canadian province of Quebec.  Brossard is also near the Saint Lawrence River.  About 90,000 people live in the city of Brossard.  Doreen Assaad is the mayor of Brossard since 2017. Brossard was created on February 14, 1958.

Brossard has a lot of people from different places. For example, there are lots of Chinese people who live in Brossard, more so than in any other city in Quebec.
Master of Puppets

***Master of Puppets*** is the third album by Metallica. Metallica is an American heavy metal band. The album was released by Elektra Records on March 3, 1986. The album has 8 songs, which many feel made a permanent impact on heavy metal music. Several of its songs are still played on the radio. It is one of the best selling heavy metal albums ever made. Many people think it is also one of the best heavy metal albums ever made.

Before the album came out, Metallica went on tour with Ozzy Osbourne for five months. It is the band's last album with bassist Cliff Burton. This is because Burton died in a bus accident on September 27, 1986 while touring in Sweden for the album. After he died, the band canceled the concerts they were going to play. They went back to the United States to find a new bassist.

## Credits

- Don Brautigam - Illustrations
- Cliff Burton - Bass, Vocals (background), Lead Bass on "Orion"
- Rob Ellis - Photography
- Ross Halfin - Photography
- Kirk Hammett - Lead Guitar
- James Hetfield - Guitars, Arranger, Vocals
- George Marino - Remastering
- Metallica - Producer, Cover Art Concept
- Flemming Rasmussen - Producer, Engineer
- Lars Ulrich - Arranger, Drums
- Michael Wagener - Mixing

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Master of Puppets
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Metallica
- **recorded**: –
- **studio**: Sweet Silence Studios in Copenhagen, Denmark
- **genre**: Thrash metal
- **length**: 54:47
- **label**: Elektra Records, Elektra
- **prev title**: Ride the Lightning
- **prev year**: 1984
- **next title**: The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited
- **next year**: 1987
Rondo

In music a **rondo** is a piece of music which has one main theme, which is heard several times, and other musical ideas in between each time.  If we give the main theme a label "A" and the other musical ideas "B", "C", "D" etc. then the form of a rondo can be described as ABACADA.  The sections in between the main "A" section are called "episodes".  Rondos can vary in length, e.g. a rondo might be ABACADAEAFA.  Each episode is normally in a different key from the main key.

The word "rondo" is sometimes given the French spelling: **rondeau**.

Composers from the Baroque period onwards often write movements which are in rondo form.  In the Classical music period the last movement of a symphony or sonata is very often a rondo.  Rondos are normally fast and lively.  They are a good way of finishing a long piece of music with something that is happy.

The word "rondo" is related to the word "ritornello" meaning: something that keeps returning.

Rondo form is sometimes combined with sonata form to make something which is called "sonata rondo form".  In sonata rondo form the second tune is treated like the second subject in sonata form where it comes back in the main key the second time.
Military engineering

A **military engineer** uses his skills in construction to build many different structures for warfare. These different structures can be made for either offense or defense. Other jobs include building and taking apart minefields and bridges. In some cases an engineer may have to destroy something that he has built before.  This may be to stop the enemy soldiers following them across the river for example. In many armies the military engineers are also called pioneers or sappers.

Today a military engineer that operates during battle is called a combat engineer.

Perhaps the first people who had a special force of military engineering specialists were the Roman army.  Roman military engineering was very good in its time.  They were able to build a double-wall of fortifications that was thirty miles (50 km) long in total (both walls together) to besiege a city in Gaul, in just six weeks.

The design, construction, and destroying of the works shown would be the task of a military engineer.

## Related pages

- Fortification
Melisma

In music, a **melisma** is the technique of singing one syllable to a lot of notes.  They are often called **vocal runs** or simply **runs**.  Music which uses melismas can be called **melismatic**.

In Western music melismas are often used in operas or any other music which is written for the singer to show off the voice.  Melismatic music is the opposite of music where each syllable has its own note.  In the "Alleluia Chorus" from Handel's _Messiah_ each syllable of the word "Alleluya" has its own note.  But in other parts of the _Messiah_ there are often melismas, e.g. in "Thus saith the Lord" the word "shake" ("and I will shake the heavens and the earth") is set to a run of 25 fast notes.  This example can also be described as "word painting".  Handel uses the melisma to make it sound like someone shaking something.

Melismas are used a lot in music from many different cultures.
Spinet

A **spinet** is a small kind of harpsichord. In Renaissance and Baroque times, and even later, people often had a spinet in their homes. The advantage of a spinet was that it was cheaper than a harpsichord and it also took up less room.

Sometimes the word used to be spelt differently, e.g. "spinnet" or "spinnit".

The spinet is different from a harpsichord because of the angle of the strings which run at an angle to the right. The whole instrument is a bit like a triangle in shape. The strings are arranged in pairs and the jacks (the quills which pluck the strings) are also in pairs in the wider gaps, plucking the string next to them.

Harpsichords may have several sounds (in the same way that an organ has several stops making different sounds). This is not possible on a spinet, which has one sound only. It is always an 8-foot sound (the notes sound at the normal pitch, never an octave higher). Spinets were useful for accompanying.

## Infobox (instrument)

- **name**: Spinet
- **names**: Spinnet, Spinnit
- **image**: Epinette Rouaud.JPG
- **image capt**: A spinet
- **classification**: Keyboard instrument
- **related**: Harpsichord
United Artists

**United Artists** is a Hollywood movie company. The original company was created in 1919 by actors by D. W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, and Douglas Fairbanks. This group did not want to depend on commercial studios.

## Ownership

In 1967, United Artists was bought by Transamerica Corporation. In 1981, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and United Artists merged to form MGM/UA Entertainment Co.. In 1985, Turner Broadcasting System announced it would buy MGM/UA. Then in 1986, MGM split from Turner (while keeping MGM's library of pre-May 1986 films, television and cartoons to make way for Turner Entertainment Co.) and renamed to MGM/UA Communications Co.. In 1990, MGM/UA was bought out by Pathé and renamed to MGM-Pathé Communications. In 1992, MGM-Pathé was bought by Crédit Lyonnais and reverted to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1997, MGM was sold to Tracinda Corporation. In 2005, MGM/UA formed the new company MGM Holdings.

The current United Artists formed in November 2006. It was a partnership between producer/actor Tom Cruise and his production partner, Paula Wagner, and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. from 2012 to 2015. It is a fully owned subsidiary of MGM. In 2015 it was owned by DHX Media until sold back to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, while handling UA's movies from 1952 to 2016. However, MGM decided to purchase United Artists back from DHX. They sold UA's stake to Amblin Partners in 2017, with newer movies produced by UA, under a partnership between MGM and Amblin.

## United Artists Records

**United Artists Records** was a record label founded by Max E. Youngstein in 1957. It was started in order to distribute records of its movie soundtracks. Later the label began recording music of other types.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: United Artists Corporation
- **logo**: United Artists Logo.svg
- **trading name**: United Artists Digital Studios
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **foundation**: February 5, 1919
- **founder**: Mary Pickford
Charlie Chaplin
Douglas Fairbanks
D. W. Griffith
- **location**: West Hollywood, California, United States
- **key people**: Paula Wagner
Tom Cruise
- **industry**: movie, music
- **products**: Movie, Motion pictures
- **owner**: 21st Century Fox
- **parent**: Independent (1919–1967)
Transamerica Corporation, Transamerica (1967–1981)
MGM/UA Entertainment Co. (1981–1986)
Independent (1986)
MGM/UA Communications Co. (1986–1990)
MGM-Pathé Communications, MGM-Pathé Communications Co. (1990–1992)
Crédit Lyonnais (1992–1997)
Tracinda Corporation (1997–2005)
MGM Holdings, MGM Holdings Inc. (2005–2023)
21st Century Fox (2023–present)
- **homepage**: [http://www.unitedartistsreleasing.com/ www.unitedartistsreleasing.com]
Apostle

**Apostle** and **The Apostles** can mean:

## Religion

- The Twelve Apostles, the 12 followers of Jesus given "the Great Commission".
- The Seventy Apostles, the 70 sent forth in Luke 10. They are referred to as **Apostles** by the Orthodox Church and as **Disciples** in the Western tradition.
- Jesus is referred to as an apostle in Hebrews 3:1
- Apostle (Latter Day Saints), a position within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

## Entertainment

- _The Apostle_, a 1997 movie directed by and starring Robert Duvall
- _El Apóstol_, the world's oldest animated feature movie, 1917, Argentina
- The Apostles (band), a punk rock group from the 1980s
- _The Apostles_ (Elgar), a 1903 choral work by Edward Elgar
- Apostle (production company), a television production company founded in 1994 by Jim Serpico and Denis Leary
- 12 Apostles (record label), a record label
- __The Apostles_ (_Greatest Heroes and Legends of the Bible_)_, an installment of the Christian direct-to-video animated movie series, _Greatest Heroes and Legends of the Bible_

## Other

- Cambridge Apostles, a secret society at the University of Cambridge
- Apostle Plant, the genus _Neomarica_ of plants believed to only flower after growing 12 leaves
- Twelve Apostles (Irish counter-intelligence organisation), an Irish Republican Army unit created by Michael Collins
Hafizullah Amin

**Hafizullah Amin** (, August 1, 1929 – December 27, 1979) was the second President of Afghanistan. He was president during the time of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.  The Soviets got information from their KGB spies that Amin's rule was a threat to the stability of Afghanistan. They also were not certain about Amin’s loyalty to the Soviet Union. The Soviets found some information about Amin trying to become closer to Pakistan and China. The Soviets also believed that Amin was behind the death of president Nur Muhammad Taraki. Finally, the Soviets decided to remove Amin.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Hafizullah Amin
حفيظ الله امين
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **order**: General Secretary of the Central Committee of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Central Committee of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, People's Democratic Party
- **term start**: 14 September 1979
- **term end**: 27 December 1979
- **predecessor**: Nur Muhammad Taraki
- **successor**: Babrak Karmal
- **order1**: President of Afghanistan, Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council (Afghanistan), Revolutionary Council
- **term start1**: 14 September 1979
- **term end1**: 27 December 1979
- **predecessor1**: Nur Muhammad Taraki
- **successor1**: Babrak Karmal
- **order3**: Prime Minister of Afghanistan, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Afghanistan), Council of Ministers
- **president3**: Nur Muhammad Taraki
Himself
- **term start3**: 27 March 1979
- **term end3**: 27 December 1979
- **predecessor3**: Nur Muhammad Taraki
- **successor3**: Babrak Karmal
- **order2**: Ministry of Defence (Afghanistan), Minister of National Defence
- **president2**: Nur Muhammad Taraki
Himself
- **term start2**: 28 July 1979
- **term end2**: 27 December 1979
- **predecessor2**: Mohammad Aslam Watanjar
- **successor2**: Mohammed Rafie
- **order4**: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Afghanistan), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **president4**: Nur Muhammad Taraki
- **term start4**: 1 May 1978
- **term end4**: 28 July 1979
- **predecessor4**: Mohammed Daoud Khan
- **successor4**: Shah Wali (politician), Shah Wali
- **birth place**: Paghman, Emirate of Afghanistan, Afghanistan
- **death place**: Kabul, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Afghanistan
- **party**: People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan(Khalq)
- **profession**: Teacher, civil servant
- **spouse**: Patmanah
- **children**: 24
Swimming pool

A **swimming pool** is a tank or large basin that is filled with water and intended for recreational or competitive swimming or diving. Pools are also used for other bathing activities, such as playing, wading, water exercise, floating on inner tubes, or cooling off on hot days.

Various methods are used to keep algae, germs, and other bad things out of the pool.  The chemical chlorine kills germs and algae.  Sometimes sea water is also used for this.  The filtration system is also used for this.  Pump and Filter are two main components of a swimming pool filtration system.

## Types of pools

Some pools are indoor so they can be used when weather is bad.  Most are outdoor.  There are different types of swimming pools.

- The competition pool. Swimming competitions can be held there. Competition pools are usually very large, and usually either 25 or 50 m long and their deep end is 2 to 5 m deep. They have usually 4 to 8 lanes.

- A play pool is made for children, and quite shallow, typically no deeper than five feet (1.5m).  Play pools can have a decorative shape.

- A freeform pool is built generally to imitate a natural lagoon pool or small oasis.  It will have a natural uneven shape, and will often have features around it like rocks and waterfalls to compliment the naturalistic style.

- A geometric pool has even lines and features. Usually built in a rectangular shape, this pool is considered the “traditional swimming pool” style.

- Lap pools are built so that people can swim laps for health and fitness.  They tend to be long and narrow, usually over fifty feet (15m) long.

- Diving pools are built deep; most are 3 to 6 m deep with a diving board or a platform, or a jump tower.  The Olympic diving tower has platforms at 1 m, 3 m, 5 m and 10 m height.

- Infinity swimming pools (also referred to as infinity edge swimming pools, or negative edge pools) give the illusion that the edge of the pool extends to the horizon. This gives an optical illusion that the pool “has no edge”, and looks as if the pool goes on to infinity.

- The spool: The word "spool" is a combination of the two words spa and pool. The spool is a smaller pool, more commonly seen as a large spa. Spools are often around 12 to 14 feet squared.

- The perimeter overflow pool: This pool is created by having the pool surface’s water level at the same level as the surround of the pool. The water of the pool drains into a notched perimeter around the pool.
Danny Elfman

**Daniel Robert "Danny" Elfman** (born May 29, 1953) is an American film composer, singer and songwriter. He is Jewish (of British Jewish, Polish Jewish and Russian Jewish descent). He wrote music for many movies and television series. In 2002, he married actress Bridget Fonda. They have one child, Oliver Elfman (born September 19, 2003).

## Some of his music

Elfmans has written music for dozens of movie and video games. Some of his famous works include:

### Filmography

- _The Simpsons_
- _Sesame Street_
- _The Muppet Show_
- _Space Jam: A New Legacy_
- _Men in Black_
- _Batman Returns_
- _Good Will Hunting_
- _Dick Tracy_
- _Beetlejuice_
- _Sommersby_
- _Batman_
- _Corpse Bride_
- _Charlie and the Chocolate Factory_
- _The Nightmare Before Christmas_
- _Edward Scissorhands_
- _Pee-Wee's Big Adventure_
- _Sleepy Hollow_
- _Big Fish_
- _Frankenweenie_
- _Justice League_
- _The Grinch_
- _Beetlejuice Beetlejuice_

## Awards

Elfman has been nominated for many awards in the music and movie business.
- Academy Awards - 4 nominations
- Emmy Awards - 3 nominations
    - **Winner**: Main Title Theme Music - _Desperate Housewives_
- Golden Globes - 3 nominations
- Grammy Awards - 12 nominations
    - **Winner**: Best Instrumental Composition: _The Simpsons theme_ from _The Simpsons_

## Other websites

- An overview of Elfman's career

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Danny Elfman
- **image**: 20220610 dannyelfman by sachynmital (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Danny Elfman in 2022
- **birth name**: Daniel Robert Elfman
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **background**: solo_singer
- **years active**: 1972–present
FIFA 07

***FIFA 07*** is a Sony PlayStation 2, Xbox 360, Xbox, GameCube, Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, PlayStation Portable and Microsoft Windows game that features world beat music and fun football action. The object is to score more goals that the opponent. The game can be played in either English or Spanish, these modes have different announcers. There is an exhibition mode, a manager mode, a practice mode, and a tournament mode.

## Songs in the game

- Muse (band) - "Supermassive Black Hole"
- Keane - "Nothing in My Way"
- The Feeling - "Sewn"

## Infobox (video game)
The bush

**The bush** is a phrase used to describe land where people do not live, land a long way from cities, or forests. The word is mainly used in Australia, New Zealand, Africa, Canada, and Alaska.

## Australia

In Australia, the phrase, _the bush_, has a special symbolic meaning in Australian life. When used to describe the land, _the bush_ means a wooded area, but not dense forest. It is usually dry and nitrogen-poor soil, mostly grassless, with thin to thick woody shrubs and bushes, with some eucalypt trees.

When talking about people, _the bush_ means any unpopulated areas outside of the major metropolitan areas. This can include mining and farming areas. It is not unusual to have a mining town in the desert, such as Port Hedland, Western Australia (Pop. 14,000) called _the bush_ in the media.

The word bush is also added to any number of other words, things or activities to describe their rural, country or folk nature, e.g. "Bush Cricket", "Bush Music", etc.
Fremantle

**Fremantle** is a port city in Western Australia.  It is the main city on the ocean and is near Perth.  The city has a population of 26,000 people.  It is at the place where the Swan River runs into the Indian Ocean.

It was established by English people who arrived there in 1829 and established the Swan River Colony.  The city is named after Charles Fremantle who was the captain of the first ship to arrive there.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: suburb
- **name**: Fremantle
- **city**: Perth, Western Australia, Perth
- **state**: wa
- **image**: Aerial view of Fremantle.JPG
- **caption**: Aerial view of Fremantle
- **alternative location map**: Australia Perth
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Perth
- **lga**: City of Fremantle
- **postcode**: 6160
- **timezone**: Australian Western Standard Time, AWST
- **utc**: +8
- **stategov**: Electoral district of Fremantle, Fremantle
- **fedgov**: Division of Fremantle, Fremantle
- **dist1**: 19
- **dir1**: SW
- **location1**: Perth CBD
- **local map**: yes
- **zoom**: 11
53 BC

Year **53 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Messalla and Calvinus** (or sometimes **year 701 _Ab urbe condita**_). This year has been called 53 BC since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the most common way of naming years in Europe.

## Events

- Marcus Licinus Crassus (115–53 BC) died trying to conquer the Parthians.

## Deaths

- Marcus Licinius Crassus, Roman general and politician (b. c. 115 BC)
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

***Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows*** is the seventh and last book in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series. The book was released worldwide on 21 July 2007. It became the fastest-selling book ever, with 8.3 million copies sold in the United States during the first 24 hours.

This book is about Harry Potter, the main character of the book series, going on a journey to destroy horcruxes made by the villain of the series, Voldemort.

The movie was to be released in 2010, but on 8 March 2008, it was announced that the movie will be split into two parts; part one was released on 19 November 2010 and part two was released on 15 July 2011.

In Harry potter and the Deathly hallows, Harry and Hermione visit Lily and James Potter's graves. Ron has left Harry and Hermione for a while and then returns ultimately saving Harry's life. At the end Voldemort is finally dead once and for all. Nineteen years later Harry marries Ginny Weasley and Hermione marries Ron Weasley. They all live happily, knowing nothing can harm them now.

## Other websites

- J.K. Rowling's Official Website
- _Deathly Hallows_ rumors refuted by J K Rowling (text version)
He

**He** (, unstressed ) is a third-person singular pronoun used to talk about a male. "He" can be used in place of a male's name. When the name of a man has been the subject, then "he" can be used instead of that name. While "he" is the subject form, the word "him" is the object or possessive form (_see table below_). The word "he" is used for a man (or boy) where the word "she" would be used for a woman.

In the past, "he" and "him" were often used as gender-neutral pronouns. In other words, the word may have been used in a general way to refer to any person who is either male or female.

<div align="center"></div>
Swan River

The **Swan River** is an important river in Western Australia.  It runs past the city of Perth and into the Indian Ocean at Fremantle.
Scheinfeld

**Scheinfeld** is a town in Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 14 km northwest of Neustadt (Aisch), and 40 km east of Würzburg. Schloss Schwarzenberg is next to the town. The town is home to an Adidas testing factory.

## Other websites

- Official town website
- Website with information on the Lithuanian refugees

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image coa**: DEU Scheinfeld COA.svg
- **image photo**: ScheinfeldOst.jpg
- **image plan**: Scheinfeld in NEA.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Mittelfranken
- **district**: Neustadt a.d.Aisch-Bad Windsheim
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Scheinfeld
- **elevation**: 304
- **area**: 45.12
- **postal code**: 91443
- **area code**: 09162
- **licence**: NEA (until 1972: SEF)
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 5 75 161
- **divisions**: 13 Ortsteile
- **website**: [http://www.scheinfeld.de/ www.scheinfeld.de]
- **mayor**: Claus Seifert
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: SPD
Volkach

**Volkach** is a town in Kitzingen in the _Regierungsbezirk Unterfranken_ (Lower Franconia) in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Main and has a population of around 8,700.

## Other websites

- Volkach website

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Town
- **image coa**: DEU Volkach COA.svg
- **image photo**: Volkach.jpg
- **image plan**: Volkach in KT.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Unterfranken
- **district**: Kitzingen
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Volkach
- **elevation**: 203
- **area**: 60.19
- **postal code**: 97332
- **area code**: 09381
- **licence**: KT
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 6 75 174
- **mayor**: Heiko Bäuerlein
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **party**: CSU
Ochsenfurt

**Ochsenfurt**  () is a town in Würzburg, in Bavaria, Germany. Ochsenfurt is on the left edge of the River Main. This makes it the largest town in the Würzburg district.

### Place

The town is on the left edge of the River Main,  south of Würzburg.

### Subdivision

The _districts_ of Ochsenfurt are: Darstadt, Erlach, Goßmannsdorf, Hohestadt, Hopferstadt, Kleinochsenfurt, Tückelhausen, and Zeubelried.

### Town twinning

Ochsenfurt is twinned with:

## Bibliography

- _Die Kunstdenkmäler von Unterfranken_, Bd. 1: _Bezirksamt Ochsenfurt_. 2nd edition 1983.

## Other websites

- Official town website (German)
- Website of the Diocese of Würzburg: the Carthusian Museum

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image coa**: DEU Ochsenfurt COA.svg
- **image photo**: 20080510-Ochsenfurt Rathaus.jpg
- **image caption**: Townhall in Ochsenfurt
- **image plan**: Ochsenfurt in WÜ.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Unterfranken
- **district**: Würzburg
- **elevation**: 187
- **area**: 63.55
- **postal code**: 97199
- **area code**: 09331
- **licence**: WÜ, OCH
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 6 79 170
- **divisions**: 9 Stadtteile/Stadtbezirke
- **website**: [http://www.ochsenfurt.de/ www.ochsenfurt.de]
- **mayor**: Peter Juks
- **leader term**: 2020–26
Kitzingen (district)

**Kitzingen** is a district in Bavaria, Germany.

## History

The district was last changed in 1973. The old district of Gerolzhofen was split up, and half of its territory was joined with the old Kitzingen district. The city of Kitzingen lost its status as an independent city and was put into the district.

## Geography

The Main River runs through the district from south to north.

## Towns and municipalities

|align=left width=33%|Towns and Villages|align=left width=33%|Municipalities|align=left width=33%||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||#Dettelbach #Iphofen #Kitzingen #Mainbernheim #Marktbreit #Marktsteft #Prichsenstadt #Repperndorf #Volkach||#Abtswind #Albertshofen #Biebelried #Buchbrunn #Castell #Geiselwind #Großlangheim #Kleinlangheim #Mainstockheim #Markt Einersheim #Martinsheim||<ol start=12> <li>Nordheim am Main <li>Obernbreit <li>Rödelsee <li>Rüdenhausen <li>Schwarzach am Main <li>Segnitz <li>Seinsheim <li>Sommerach <li>Sulzfeld am Main <li>Wiesenbronn <li>Wiesentheid <li>Willanzheim </ol>|

## Other websites

- Official website (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Kitzingen
- **state**: Bavaria
- **image flag**: Flagge Landkreis Kitzingen.svg
- **image coa**: DEU Landkreis Kitzingen COA.svg
- **capital**: Kitzingen
- **regierungsbezirk**: Lower Franconia
- **region**: Würzburg
- **area**: 684
- **kreisschlüssel**: 09675
- **population**: 89,259
- **population as of**: 2008-06-30
- **density**: 130.50
- phone prefix:09321
- **carsign**: KT
- **url**: [http://www.landkreis-kitzingen.de landkreis-kitzingen.de]
Haflinger

**Haflinger** is an all-round breed of horse. It is a mountain horse but today people use it for spare time. A Haflinger counts as a pony breed of horse. The first cloned horse, Prometea is of this breed. A Haflinger has a gallant dry head with big eyes, wide-dilating nostrils, and small, attentive ears. People who raise this breed want them to have a good muscled body and a smart neck.

## Other websites

- Tyrolean Haflinger Breeding Association
- American Haflinger Registry
- Haflinger Society of Great Britain
- Canadian Haflinger Association
- Australian Haflinger Horse Breeders Association
- Haflinger Horse Association New Zealand
- Collaboration of Haflinger Breeders and Holders of Germany (AGH)

## Infobox (horse)

- **name**: Haflinger
- **image**: Haflinger Westfalensonne und Almfee.JPG
- **image caption**: A Haflinger mare and foal
- **features**: Small horse, sturdy build, chestnut coloring
- **altname**: Avelignese
- **country**: Austria, Italy
- **group1**: World Haflinger Federation
- **std1**: http://www.haflinger-tirol.com/en/world_federation/
- **group2**: American Haflinger Registry
- **std2**: http://www.haflingerhorse.com/ahr_breed_standards.htm
- **group3**: The Haflinger Society of Great Britain
- **std3**: http://haflingersgb.com/breed-type/
Kevin Kurányi

**Kevin Kuranyi** (born 2 March 1982 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a German football player. He used to play for the German national team, but was excluded in October 2008 due to improper behaviour. His team is Dynamo Moscow. Before playing for Moscow, he played for Stuttgart and Schalke.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Stuttgart||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||5||1||1||1||0||0||6||2
|-
|2002/03||32||15||2||2||8||4||42||21
|-
|2003/04||33||11||3||1||8||3||44||15
|-
|2004/05||29||13||4||2||5||3||38||100
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="5"|Schalke||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||30||10||4||1||12||3||46||14
|-
|2006/07||34||15||2||2||2||0||38||17
|-
|2007/08||32||15||4||2||8||3||44||20
|-
|2008/09||33||13||2||1||4||1||39||15
|-
|2009/10||33||18||||||||||33||18

|-
|2010||Dynamo Moscow||Premier League||||||||||||||||
261||111||22||12||47||17||330||140
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
261||111||22||12||47||17||330||140
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|2003||7||1
|-
|2004||13||10
|-
|2005||15||3
|-
|2006||0||0
|-
|2007||9||5
|-
|2008||8||0
|-
!Total||52||19
|}
Würzburger Kickers

**Kickers Wurzburg** is one of the most traditional football clubs in Franconia. It was founded in 1907.

Famous Footballers of FC Wurzburger Kickers:
- Bernd Hollerbach, Trainer VfB Lübeck
- Claus Reitmaier, formerly goal keeper of the VfL Wolfsburg
- Peter Sippel, FIFA-Arbitrator

### League

- **Bayernliga** (III)
    - Champions: 1977
- **3. Liga** (III)
    - Third: 2015–16 (Promoted after play-off)
- **Bayernliga-North** (III)
    - Runners-up (2): 1955, 1960
- **Regionalliga Bayern** (IV)
    - Champions: 2014–15
- **Landesliga Bayern-Nord** (IV-V)
    - Champions (3): 1990, 1997, 2012
    - Runners-up: 2008
- **Bezirksoberliga Unterfranken** (VI)
    - Champions: 2005
- **Bezirksliga Unterfranken** (VII)
    - Champions: 2004
Chico, California

**Chico** (Spanish meaning for "little boy") is a city in the Central Valley of the American state of California. It is in the northern part of the state. Chico is in the Sacramento Valley close to the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range. The city has a population of 101,475, as of 2020. People first started living in Chico in 1843. The city was founded in 1860 and started to govern itself in 1872.

## Sister cities

- – Tamsui, Taipei, Taiwan 1985
- – Pascagoula, Mississippi (U.S.) 2005

## Other websites

- Downtown Chico Business Association
- Chico Chamber of Commerce
- City-data.com info on Chico

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Chico, California
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in California, City
- **image seal**: Seal of Chico, California.png
- **nickname**: "City of Trees", "City of Roses"
- **image map**: File:Butte County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Chico Highlighted 0613014.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Chico in Butte County, California
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: California
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name2**: Butte County, California, Butte
- **established title2**: Pioneer Days (Chico, California), Founded
- **established date2**: 1860
- **established title3**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date3**: January 8, 1872
- **founder**: John Bidwell
- **total type**: List of municipalities in California, City
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 34.31
- **area land sq mi**: 34.14
- **area water sq mi**: 0.17
- **area total km2**: 88.87
- **area land km2**: 88.42
- **area water km2**: 0.45
- **area water percent**: 0.50
- **elevation ft**: 243
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 101,475
- **population rank**: List of largest California cities by population, 74th in California
List of United States cities by population, 329th in the United States
- **population density sq mi**: 2972
- **population density km2**: 1148
- **population metro**: 211,632
- **population demonym**: Chicoan
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 95926–95929, 95973, 95976
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **area code**: Area code 530, 530
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank2 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank2 info**: 2409447
Repperndorf

**Repperndorf** is a village in Regierungsbezirk, Lower Franconia, Bavaria, Germany. Since 1977 it is part of the town of Kitzingen.  Repperndorf has a population of 260 people. The village has a graveyard and two churches, one for Catholics and one for Protestants. It also has one restaurant and one soccer club. There was the famous "Schnitzel factory" but now it moved to Kitzingen.
Großlangheim

**Großlangheim** is a municipality in Kitzingen in Bavaria in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Großlangheim COA.svg
- **image photo**: 1 Großlangheim 1.jpg
- **image caption**: Großlangheim seen from Schwanberg
- **image plan**: Großlangheim in KT.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Unterfranken
- **district**: Kitzingen
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Großlangheim
- **elevation**: 224
- **area**: 14.77
- **postal code**: 97320
- **area code**: 09325
- **licence**: KT
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 6 75 131
- **website**: [https://www.grosslangheim.de/ www.grosslangheim.de]
- **mayor**: Peter Sterk
- **leader term**: 2020–26
Falun Gong

**Falun Gong** (also known as **Falun Dafa**) is a spiritual discipline from China founded in 1992. People who follow Falun Gong do five exercises similar to Tai chi chuan, which they believe will make them healthier and better people. They also read books written by Li Hongzhi, the movement's founder. They believe in "Truthfulness, Compassion and Forbearance".

It is not known how many people practice Falun Gong today. The Chinese government suggests there were 70 million practitioners in China in 1998. A Falun Gong website claims there are 100 million practitioners in more than 80 countries.

## Made illegal in China

_Also see: Religious persecution and Organ trade_

In 1999, the Communist Party of China (CCP) made it illegal to practice Falun Gong. This ruling came after a big Falun Gong gathering in front of a Chinese government building. The government claimed the group spread superstitions, but others have suggested that Falun Gong's popularity challenges the CCP's power.

As of 2008, according to some human rights organizations, over 3000 Falun Gong followers were jailed and tortured to death. Reporter Ethan Gutmann said about 65,000 Falun Gong people were killed for their body parts from 2000 to 2008.

Many people and organizations outside of China have called for the Chinese government to stop jailing and killing Falun Gong people.

## Other websites

- Falun Dafa Website
Deflation

**Deflation** means that generally the prices of products are going down. It is the opposite of inflation. It is said, that deflation happens when there is less money than there are goods. It is also said that deflation is a sign of a weak state of that country's economy, because deflation usually happens during an economic collapse. Deflation is thought to be even worse than inflation.

Deflation starts when people are waiting for prices to go down even more. They will then spend less money. Because of that, companies can not afford to keep up the amount of goods that are made, and have to lower that amount, as well as fire workers to make even a small profit.

Even if an economy is growing, there can be some amount of deflation - if the amount of money going around grows slower than the making of goods. There has not been much deflation in the world since the 1930s, except in Japan.

Deflation can be helped by the country's own government by lowering the companies' tax levels, so they can lower their prices while getting the same profit. This way normal people are more encouraged to buy the cheap goods they were waiting for, and slowly the companies can make more profit. Governments do not like deflation, because it means that they can collect less tax.
Chemical symbol

A **chemical symbol** is the shortform of the name of an element. Usually, it is made up of one or two letters, but sometimes it is made up of three letters. For example, the chemical symbol for oxygen is **O**. The chemical symbol for calcium is **Ca**. Before it is discovered and scientists decided what it would be called, the chemical symbol for ununennium was **Uue**.

All chemical symbols start with a capital letter, and any letters after that are lowercase.

The chemical symbols are listed with the elements in the periodic table. Chemical symbols are also used when writing chemical formulas. For example, the chemical formula for water is H<sub>2</sub>O, meaning that it contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Many chemical symbols are the first one or two letters of the element. Others come from the name in another language. For example, the symbol for sodium is **Na**, which comes from the Latin name _Natrium_.
Secretary of State

**Secretary of State** is a title for a government official.  The title has different meanings in different countries, and in some cases there are several Secretaries of State in the government.

In many countries, a secretary of state is a mid-level official.

- In the United Kingdom a secretary of state is a senior minister in the Cabinet.

- In the Vatican City the Cardinal Secretary of State is the head of the Roman Curia which is the cabinet of the Vatican and the Roman Catholic Church.

## United States

In the United States federal government, the Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, and is responsible for foreign policy.  In most other countries, this official is called the Foreign Secretary or foreign minister.  The Secretary of State is the highest-ranking member of the Cabinet. The current U.S. Secretary of State is Marco Rubio.
Official

An **official** (and, or, **functionary**) is someone who holds an office (meaning an official position) in an organisation or government. This does not have to mean an office room—it can also just mean an important rank. An official in government is called a **government official** or **public official** . Officials may be appointed or elected to their position.

## Related words

The term _officer_ is close to having the same meaning as "official" (but has more military connotations). A _functionary_ is someone who carries out a particular role within an organisation—this is quite a close synonym for an official but with connotations closer to a _bureaucrat_. A _civil servant_ can also have a similar meaning to an official.

## Other websites

- Origins of the word "official" in the _Online Etymology Dictionary_
Function

**Function** may mean:
- professional or official position: Official
- Function (mathematics), the relationship between two or more amounts using algebra
- Computable function in software programming languages
- Function (biology) explains the way a part works in an organism
- Function (philosophy), in philosophy, a relation of objects or events to their use or consequences