juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Gerry Goffin

**Gerald "Gerry" Goffin** (February 11, 1939 – June 19, 2014) was an American lyricist. He was added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 with former songwriting partner and first wife, Carole King.

Goffin died in Los Angeles, California, aged 75.

## Other websites

- History of Rock

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Gerry Goffin
- **image**: Don Kirshner with Goffin-King (cropped).jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Gerald Goffin
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Lyricist
- **associated acts**: Carole King
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes

***Dawn of the Planet of the Apes*** is an American science-fiction movie directed by Matt Reeves. It stars Andy Serkis, Gary Oldman, Jason Clarke, and Keri Russell. It is the sequel to the 2011 movie _Rise of the Planet of the Apes_. It was released on July 11, 2014. A sequel to the movie _War for the Planet of the Apes_ was released on July 14, 2017. A second sequel _Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes_ was released on May 10, 2024.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
- **director**: Matt Reeves
- **music**: Michael Giacchino
- **cinematography**: Michael Seresin
- **distributor**: 20th Century Studios, 20th Century Fox
- **runtime**: 130 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $170–235 million
- **gross**: $710.6 million
Computational biology

**Computational biology** is a field of active research that studies problems in biology that need algorithms or statistics.

Many people who work in computational biology are trained in biology, biophysics, bioinformatics, engineering, physics, statistics, or chemistry.
Planetary system

**Planetary system** is the general term for a star with planets and other objects in orbit around it. The Solar System is one of these. It is now clear that many other stars have planetary systems.

The 21st century has become a golden era of planetary system discovery. 4,801 such exoplanets in 3552  planetary systems have been discovered, including 789 multiplanet systems. Hundreds more systems are unconfirmed.

The closest confirmed system is Gliese 832 at 14.8 light years (ly) with one confirmed planet.The closest unconfirmed system is Alpha Centauri at 4.37 ly with a planet of Earth mass. The closest multi-planet system is Gliese 876 at 15.3 ly with four confirmed planets.

Of particular interest to astrobiology is the habitable zone of planetary systems. This is thought to be the region with the most potential to develop extraterrestrial life.

## Multiplanetary systems

**Multiplanetary systems** are stars with at least two confirmed planets, beyond our Solar System.

From the total of 4,237 stars known to have exoplanets (as of June 1, 2024), there are a total of 904 known multiplanetary systems.

From the total of **1116** stars known to have exoplanets (as of June 2014, there are a total of **461** known **multiplanetary systems**.  About 280 of these have only two confirmed exoplanets, but some have more. The star with the most confirmed planets is our Sun with 8 confirmed planets, while the stars with the most confirmed exoplanets are Kepler-90 and HD 10180 with 7 confirmed planets each; in 2012, two more exoplanet candidates have been suggested for HD 10180, which would bring the total to 9 exoplanets in that system.

Gliese 876, with 4 confirmed exoplanets, is the closest multiplanetary system at 15 light years from our Solar System. A total of 12 systems are known that are closer than 50 light years away, but most are much farther away. The farthest confirmed multiplanetary system is OGLE-2012-BLG-0026L, at 13300 ly away.

The two most important stellar properties are mass and metallicity because it determines how these planetary systems form. The higher mass and metallicity tend to have more planets and more massive planets.
Johnny Mann

**Johnny Mann** (August 30, 1928 – June 18, 2014) was an American musical entertainer. He was an arranger, composer, conductor, and recording artist. He was the bandleader of The Johnny Mann Singers. He later worked with musicians such as Johnny Burnette, The Crickets and Eddie Cochran. He also worked a lot with Joey Bishop, such as working on his show. He a singer for Alvin and the Chipmunks. He was also a musical director for _The Alvin Show_, and voiced Theodore.

Mann was nominated for five Grammy Awards, winning two. He was signed with records such as Apex Records and Liberty Records.

Mann was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He was married to actress Lori Nelson from 1960 to 1973. He was finally married to Betty Mann from 1983 until his death.

Mann died on June 18, 2014 in Anderson, South Carolina, aged 85.
Rhyme scheme

A **rhyme scheme** is the pattern of rhyme between lines of a poem or song. People usually use letters to show which lines rhyme with which other lines.

For example, in a poem that is , the first and third lines rhyme with each other and the second and fourth lines rhyme with each other. The most basic rhyme schemes are , , ,  and . There are also more complicated schemes, such as  (rhyme royal),  (ottava rima) or  (Spenserian stanza). Sonnets may have very different rhyme schemes, Italian (, , ), French (), Spenserian () or Shakesperian ().

- _Bid me to weep, and I will weep_
- _While I have eyes to see;_
- _And having none, yet I will keep_
- _A heart to weep for thee._
    - _(Robert Herrick, To Anthea, who may Command him Anything)_, an ABAB rhyme scheme

Sometimes there are also internal rhymes. In the following strophe from Samuel Taylor Coleridge's _The Rime of the Ancient Mariner_ there are rhymes and alliteration:

- _The fat breeze blew, the white foam flew,_
- _The furrow followed free;_
- _We were the first that ever burst_
- _Into that silent sea._

Some schemes are common, the other are used very rarely. The scheme  is simple and can be found everywhere, but the scheme , used by Robert Browning in the _Meeting at Night_, was never popular:

- _The grey sea and the long black land;_
- _And the yellow half-moon large and low;_
- _And the startled little waves that leap_
- _In fiery ringlets from their sleep,_
- _As I gain the cove with pushing prow,_
- _And quench its speed i' the slushy sand._

There are many possibilities for rhyme scheme. Five-line stanzas can have any of ten schemes with two different rhymes: , , , , , , , , , . Another possibility is of course .

Notice that two or three rhymes can be linked to each other by repeating the same vowel. The rhyme scheme of Giambattista Marino's poem _Adone_ is  (ottava rima), but in this strophe all rhymes are based on the vowel [i]. This feature shows up in Italian text but not in other languages:

- _Giunto a quel passo il giovinetto Alc**i**de,_
- _che fa capo al camin di nostra v**i**ta,_
- _trovò dubbio e sospeso infra due gu**i**de_
- _una via, che’ due strade era part**i**ta._
- _Facile e piana la sinistra ei v**i**de,_
- _di delizie e piacer tutta fior**i**ta;_
- _l’altra vestìa l’ispide balze alp**i**ne_
- _di duri sassi e di pungenti spine._

A a poet, period of time, or type of poetry can have a preferred rhyme scheme. For example, the Scottish poet Robert Burns preferred the scheme . Rhyme royal, , was common in medieval English poetry. Ottava rima was typical of epic poems. Many great epic poems were written in Italian, Spanish or Portuguese with  scheme.

## Bibliography

- Josef Berg Esenwein, Mary Eleanor Roberts, _The Art of Versification_. Revised Edition, Home Correspondence School, Springfield 1921.
Carole Cook

**Mildred Frances** "**Carole**" **Cook** (January 14, 1924 – January 11, 2023) was an American actress. She acted in stage and screen. She played Grandma Helen in the movie _Sixteen Candles_. She was also on _The Lucy Show_.

Carole Cook was born in Abilene, Texas.

She was married to actor and writer Tom Troupe from 1964, until her death.

Cook died from heart failure in Beverly Hills, California, on January 11, 2023. She was 98, three days before her 99th birthday.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Carole Cook
- **image**: Carole Cook 1964.jpg
- **caption**: Cook in 1964
- **birth name**: Mildred Frances Cook
- **birth place**: Abilene, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1954–2018
Sixteen Candles

***Sixteen Candles*** is a 1984 comedy movie. It was written and directed by John Hughes. It is about a high school girl who is turning sixteen. Molly Ringwald plays Samantha Baker.
This movie was released on May 4, 1984.
Nina Foch

**Nina Foch** (April 20, 1924 – December 5, 2008) was a Dutch-American actress. She was the leading lady in many movies in the 1940s and 1950s. She played Marie Antoinette in _Scaramouche_ (1952). She also played Erica Martin in the movie _Executive Suite_.

Foch was born in Leiden, Netherlands to an American mother and Dutch father. She died of kidney disease in Los Angeles.
Mario Mandžukić

**Mario Mandžukić** (born 21 May 1986) is a Croatian football player that plays for AC Milan and the Croatian national team. He was the UEFA Euro 2012 co-top scorer, and he was named the Croatian Footballer of the Year in 2012 and 2013.

He was born in Slavonski Brod, in Yugoslavia. His family moved to Germany as refugees because of the Croatian War of Independence.

He helped Croatia reach the 2018 FIFA World Cup final after scoring a late goal against England. In the final, Mandžukić scored an own goal at the 19th minute. This was the first time any player has scored an own goal in a World Cup final. Croatia would later lose to France 2–4.

## Other websites

- Atlético Madrid profile
Joan Blondell

**Joan Rosebud Blondell** (August 30, 1906 – December 25, 1979) was an American actress. She performed in movies and television for nearly fifty years. She played Rosie Sturges in _Kansas City Princess_. She also played Gloria Fay in the movie _Miss Pacific Fleet_.

Blondell was born in New York City on August 30, 1906. Her sister Gloria Blondell was also an actress. She died on December 25, 1979 in Santa Monica, California from leukemia.
Ari Ne'eman

**Ari Ne'eman** (pronounced _neh_-uh-_MAHN_; born December 10, 1987) is an American autism rights activist. He was born in East Brunswick, New Jersey. After he graduated from high school he started the Autistic Self Advocacy Network. Ne'eman was nominated by President Obama to the National Council on Disability in 2009.
Executive Suite

***Executive Suite*** is a 1954 MGM drama movie. The movie is about a struggle for control of a major furniture company due to the death of the company's CEO. Barbara Stanwyck plays Julia.

This movie was released on May 6, 1954.
Allie Grant

**Allie Grant** (born February 14, 1994) is an American actress. In _The Suite Life of Zack and Cody_, she played Agnes. She also played Lisa in _Suburgatory_.

Grant was born in Tupelo, Mississippi.
John Stoltenberg

**John Stoltenberg** (born 1945) is an American radical feminist activist, scholar, and magazine editor. He married radical feminist activist Andrea Dworkin in 1998. He was Dworkin's husband until she died in 2005.
Diane Neal

**Diane Neal** (born November 17, 1976) is an American actress. In _Law & Order: Special Victims Unit_, Neal played Casey Novak. She also played Abigail in _NCIS_.

Neal was born in Alexandria, Virginia.
Ellen Muth

**Ellen Muth** (born March 6, 1981) is an American actress. She played young Selena St. George in the movie _Dolores Claiborne_. She also played Katie Trumbull in _Margarine Wars_.

Muth was born in Milford, Connecticut.
Enner Valencia

**Enner Remberto Valencia Lastra** (born 4 November 1989) is an Ecuadorian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Internacional and captains the Ecuador national team.

## Other websites

- Profile at the Fenerbahçe S.K. website  (archived 25 November 2022)

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Enner Valencia
- **image**: Enner Valencia West Ham August 2014.jpg
- **birth place**: Esmeraldas, Ecuador, Esmeraldas, Ecuador
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward, Midfielder#Winger, winger
- **currentclub**: SC Internacional, Internacional
- **clubnumber**: 13
- **youthyears1**: 2005–2008
- **youthclubs1**: Caribe Junior
- **youthyears2**: 2008–2010
- **youthclubs2**: C.S. Emelec, Emelec
- **years1**: 2010–2013
- **clubs1**: C.S. Emelec, Emelec
- **caps1**: 130
- **goals1**: 27
- **years2**: 2013–2014
- **clubs2**: C.F. Pachuca, Pachuca
- **caps2**: 23
- **goals2**: 18
- **years3**: 2014–2017
- **clubs3**: West Ham United F.C. , West Ham United
- **caps3**: 54
- **goals3**: 8
- **years4**: 2016–2017
- **clubs4**: → Everton F.C., Everton (loan)
- **caps4**: 21
- **goals4**: 3
- **years5**: 2017–2020
- **clubs5**: Tigres UANL
- **caps5**: 95
- **goals5**: 21
- **years6**: 2020–2023
- **clubs6**: Fenerbahçe S.K. (football), Fenerbahçe
- **caps6**: 90
- **goals6**: 49
- **years7**: 2023–
- **clubs7**: SC Internacional, Internacional
- **caps7**: 34
- **goals7**: 13
- **nationalyears1**: 2012–
- **nationalteam1**: Ecuador national football team, Ecuador
- **nationalcaps1**: 91
- **nationalgoals1**: 42
- **club-update**: 23:49, 1 June 2024
- **nationalteam-update**: 03:42, 11 September 2024 (UTC)
Ibrahim Touré

**Ibrahim Oyala Touré** (27 September 1985 – 19 June 2014) was an Ivorian footballer. He played as a striker for Al-Safa' SC, Telephonat Beni Suef SC, Misr El-Makasa SC, Al-Ittihad SC Aleppo, O.G.C. Nice, Metalurh Donetsk and ASEC Mimosas.

Touré was born in Bouaké. He was the younger brother of defender Kolo Touré (born 1981) and midfielder Yaya Touré (born 1983).

Touré died of cancer on 19 June 2014 in Manchester, England. He was 28. At the time of his death, his older brothers, Kolo and Yaya, were playing for their country at the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.

## Other websites

- Ibrahim Touré at Transfermarkt

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Ibrahim Touré
- **fullname**: Ibrahim Obyala Touré
 Touré Oyala Ibrahim
- **birth place**: Bouaké, Ivory Coast
- **death place**: Manchester, England
- **height**: 1.90 m
- **position**: Striker (association football), Striker
- **youthyears1**: 2002
- **youthclubs1**: ASEC Mimosas, Mimosas
- **years1**: 2002–2003
- **clubs1**: ASEC Mimosas, Mimosas
- **years2**: 2003–2006
- **clubs2**: FC Metalurh Donetsk, Metalurh Donetsk
- **caps2**: 0
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2006–2007
- **clubs3**: OGC Nice, Nice
- **caps3**: 0
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2009–2010
- **clubs4**: Al-Ittihad Aleppo
- **years5**: 2010–2013
- **clubs5**: Misr Lel Makasa, Makasa
- **caps5**: 24
- **goals5**: 8
- **years6**: 2012
- **clubs6**: → Telephonat Beni Sweif SC, Telephonat (loan)
- **caps6**: 2
- **goals6**: 0
- **years7**: 2013–2014
- **clubs7**: Al-Safa' SC, Al-Safa
- **caps7**: 10
- **goals7**: 6
Double Live (Garth Brooks Album)

***Double Live*** is the third compilation and live album by Garth Brooks. The album was released on November 17, 1998.
Margaret Price

**Margaret Price** (13 April 1941 – 28 January 2011) was a Welsh opera singer. She was famous for singing parts from Mozart operas. She sang in the opera _Aida_. She also sang in other operas.

Price was born in Blackwood, Wales. She died from heart failure at age 69.
Pierre Patry

**Pierre Patry** (2 November 1933 – 7 June 2014) was a Canadian movie director, producer and screenwriter. He mainly worked during the 1950s and 1960s, but stayed active until the early 1980s. He produced the movie _Entre la mer et l'eau douce_ (1967).

Patry was born in the Hull sector of Gatineau, Quebec. He spoke French. He was of French ancestry.

Patry died on 7 June 2014 in Quebec, aged 80.
Rhonda Smiley

**Rhonda Smiley** is a French writer and producer. She has written and/or produced television series and movies including  _Little Bear_, _Race_, _Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation_ and _Totally Spies!_  She is a member at Marathon Media. She was at Cartoon Network U.S.
Alexander Shilov

**Alexander Evgenievich Shilov** (; 1 January 1930 – 6 June 2014) was a Russian chemist. He was known for his high toles at the Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka. In 1969, he discovered the Shilov system. He also wrote books about chemistry.

Shilov was born in Ivanovo, RSFSR, Soviet Union. He was the son of Soviet chemist Eugene Shilov. He studied in places such as Kyiv, Ukraine (then Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic) and London, England.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1991.

Shilov died on 6 June 2014 in Moscow, aged 84.

## Other websites

- Alexander Shilov at Department of Chemistry (<small>Moscow State University</small>)
Threesome

A **threesome**, in human sexuality, is sexual activity between three people. It can also be called troilism or a ménage à trois.
The Theory of Communicative Action

***The Theory of Communicative Action*** () is a book by Jürgen Habermas.

It continues his project set out in _On the Logic of the Social Sciences_ of finding a way to "ground the social sciences in a theory of language".
Human female sexuality

**Human female sexuality** includes female sexual identity, sexual behavior and sexual activity.

Human females may find having orgasms difficult and complicated.

Some things related to human female sexuality are controversial. Overall, men are more commonly allosexual while women are more commonly demisexual.
Fat feminism

**Fat feminism** is a version of feminism mixed with fat activism. Fat-positive feminists promote the acceptance of women of all sizes. Fat feminism began in second-wave feminism. The field is growing within third-wave feminism.

According to one survey, 56 percent of overweight women are disrespected by their doctors. Forty-six percent say doctors are uncomfortable with the women's weight. This is probably because there is a well-known connection between excessive weight and length of life.

Fat feminists oppose the concept of fixed body images imposed from society. These feminists condemn fat jokes on sitcoms. They also condemn the promotions of skinny figures in Hollywood, on television and on catwalks.

Fat feminists contest the belief one cannot be overweight and fit at the same time.

The movement began in the late 1960s. It has become more popular over the years.
Bill Withers

**William Harrison "Bill" Withers, Jr.** (July 4, 1938 – March 30, 2020) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He performed and recorded from 1970 until 1985. He recorded major hits including "Lean on Me", "Ain't No Sunshine", "Use Me", "Just the Two of Us", "Lovely Day", and "Grandma's Hands". He won three Grammy Awards and was nominated for four more during his career.

He was born in Slab Fork, West Virginia. Withers died of heart disease in Los Angeles on March 30, 2020 at the age of 81.

## Other websites

- Biography at Soultracks.com
- Bill Withers Biography with photos
- _Still Bill_ documentary
- Extensive 2009 audio interview with Withers on public radio program _The Sound of Young America_

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Bill Withers
- **image**: Bill Withers 1976.JPG
- **caption**: Withers in 1976
- **image size**: 220px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: William Harrison Withers, Jr.
- **birth place**: Slab Fork, West Virginia, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals, guitar, Keyboard instrument, keyboards
- **genre**: Soul music, Soul, Rhythm and blues, R&B, smooth soul, Blues music, blues
- **occupation**: Musician, singer-songwriter, record producer
- **years active**: 1963 - 2020
- **label**: Sussex Records, Sussex
Columbia Records, Columbia
- **associated acts**: Grover Washington Jr.
Slab Fork, West Virginia

**Slab Fork** is an unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. It has a population of 211 as of 2020. Slab Fork's zip code is 25920.
Gliese 876

**Gliese 876** is a red dwarf about 15 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Aquarius. It is the closest star known to be a multiplanetary system. As of 2011, four extrasolar planets have been found orbiting the star.

It is the third closest known star to the Sun which has a planetary system, after Epsilon Eridani (10.5 ly) and Gliese 674 (14.8 ly).

Two of the middle planets are in the system's habitable zone. However, they are giant planets thought to be like Jupiter.
Samantha Harris

**Samantha Harris** (born **Samantha Harris Shapiro**, November 27, 1973) is an American television hostess. She was the co-host of seasons two through nine of _Dancing with the Stars_ with Tom Bergeron. From 2010–12, she was a correspondent at _Entertainment Tonight_.

In April 2014, Harris announced that she was diagnosed with breast cancer and would undergo a double mastectomy.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Samantha Harris.jpg
- **caption**: Samantha Harris backstage at the 2009 Heart Truth fashion show
- **name**: Samantha Harris
- **birth place**: Hopkins, Minnesota, U.S.
- **birthname**: Samantha Harris Shapiro
- **occupation**: Television presenter, model
- **years active**: 1996–present
- **spouse**: ; 2 children
Hopkins, Minnesota

**Hopkins** is a suburban city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. It is located west of Minneapolis. The population was 19,079 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hopkins
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Hopkins MN Mainstreet.jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Hopkins
- **image map**: Hennepin_County_Minnesota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Hopkins_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Hopkins
within Hennepin County, Minnesota, Hennepin County, Minnesota
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Minnesota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Minnesota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Hennepin County, Minnesota, Hennepin
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Patrick Hanlon
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1852
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established date1**: November 27, 1892 (as West Minneapolis)
- **established title2**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date2**: July 7, 1928 (as Hopkins)
- **established title3**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date3**: December 2, 1947
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 10.60
- **area land km2**: 10.52
- **area water km2**: 0.08
- **area total sq mi**: 4.09
- **area land sq mi**: 4.06
- **area water sq mi**: 0.03
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population est**: 19462
- **pop est as of**: 2024
- **population total**: 19079
- **population density km2**: 1813.5
- **population density sq mi**: 4696.9
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 313
- **elevation ft**: 1027
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 55305, 55343, 55345
- **area code**: Area code 952, 952
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 27-30140
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0645180
- **blank2 name**: Sales tax
- **blank2 info**: 8.525%
Presence (album)

***Presence*** is the seventh studio album by English rock band, Led Zeppelin. _Presence_ was released on 31 March 1976 through Swan Song Records. Even though the album received mixed reviews from critics and sold slower than the their other studio album, guitarist Jimmy Page called _Presence_ the band's "most important" album and proved that they would continue despite their turmoil. The band wrote and recorded the album during troubling times in their history, as lead singer Robert Plant was still recovering from serious injuries that he had suffered in a car accident.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Presence
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Led Zeppelin
- **released**: October 17, 2000
- **recorded**: November–December 1975
- **genre**: Hard rock, blues rock
- **length**: 44:25
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Swan Song Records, Swan Song
- **producer**: Jimmy Page
- **prev title**: Physical Graffiti
- **prev year**: 1975
- **next title**: The Song Remains the Same (album), The Song Remains the Same
- **next year**: 1976
Ken Dodd

**Sir Kenneth Arthur "Ken" Dodd**, OBE (8 November 1927 – 11 March 2018) was an English comedian, singer-songwriter and actor. He was known by his trademark of frizzy hair and his teeth, his red, white and blue "tickling stick" and his upbeat greeting of "How tickled I am!", as well as his send-off "Lots and lots of happiness!".

Dodd married his partner of 40 years, Anne Jones, on 9 March 2018 at their home in Knotty Ash just two days before his death.

Dodd died on 11 March 2018 at his Knotty Ash home in Liverpool of complications from bronchitis at the age of 90.

## Infobox (comedian)

- **image**: Ken dodd december 2007.jpg
- **name**: Sir Ken Dodd
- **caption**: Ken Dodd in 2007
- **birth name**: Kenneth Arthur Dodd
- **birth place**: Knotty Ash, Liverpool, Lancashire, England
- **death place**: Knotty Ash, Liverpool, Lancashire, England
- **medium**: Stand-up comedy, Stand-up, television
- **nationality**: British
- **active**: 1954–2018
- **genre**: One-line joke, One-liners
- **influences**: Arthur Askey
Ted Ray (comedian), Ted Ray
Robb Wilton
Tommy Handley
Max Miller (comedian), Max Miller
- **influenced**: Joe Pasquale
Harry Hill
Peter Kay
Jason Byrne (comedian), Jason Byrne
- **website**: [http://www.kendoddshows.com Ken Dodd - Official Website]
Grass Valley, California

**Grass Valley** is a small city in Nevada County, California, United States. As of 2020, the population is 14,016.
Epsilon Eridani

**Epsilon Eridani** (**ε Eri**, **ε Eridani**) is a star in the southern constellation Eridanus, just south of the celestial equator. It can be seen from most of Earth's surface.

It is 10.5 light years (ly) away, and has an apparent magnitude of 3.73. It is the third closest individual star or star system visible to the unaided eye.

Epsilon Eridani was the closest star known to host a planet until the unconfirmed discovery of Alpha Centauri Bb. Its age is less than a billion years. Because of its youth, Epsilon Eridani has a more active magnetic field than the present-day Sun. Its stellar wind is 30 times as strong. Its rotation period is 11.2 days at the equator. The star is smaller and less massive than the Sun, and has a lower level of metal elements. It is a main-sequence star of spectral class K2, which means that energy generated at the core through nuclear fusion of hydrogen is emitted from the surface at a temperature of about 5,000 K, giving it an orange hue.

Its planet, Epsilon Eridani b, was announced in 2000. The planet orbits in about 7 years. It is about 3.4 astronomical units (AU) away from its star.

The system includes two belts of rocky asteroids: one at about 3 AU and a second at about 20 AU, whose structure may be maintained by a hypothetical second planet, Epsilon Eridani c. Epsilon Eridani has an extensive outer debris disk of remnant planetesimals left over from the system's formation.

Epsilon Eridani may be a member of the Ursa Major Moving Group of stars that share a similar motion through the Milky Way. This suggests they share a common origin in an open star cluster. Its nearest neighbor, the binary star system Luyten 726-8, will have a close encounter with Epsilon Eridani in about 31,500 years when they will be separated by about 0.93 ly.

Epsilon Eridani has been the target of SETI searches. Epsilon Eridani appears in science fiction stories and has been suggested as a destination for interstellar travel.
Star system

A **star system** or **stellar system** is a small number of stars which orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction.

A large number of stars bound by gravitation is generally called a _star cluster_ but, broadly speaking, they are also star systems. Star systems are not to be confused with planetary systems, which include planets and similar bodies.

A stellar system of two stars is known as a _binary star_, _binary star system_ or _physical double star_. If there are no tidal effects, no disturbance from other forces, and no transfer of mass from one star to the other, such a system is stable. Both stars will orbit around the center of mass of the system indefinitely. Examples of binary systems are Sirius, Procyon and Cygnus X-1, the last of which probably consists of a star and a black hole.

## Multiple star systems

It is possible to have star systems with more than two members. Their stars  are gravitationally bound to each other, and may or may not be close to each other.

A recently discovered quintuple star system (five stars) is known as 1SWASP J093010.78+533859.5. The system has two sets of binary stars, one of them with a small third star. The two sets are a long way apart, further than the orbit of Pluto is to the Sun. The binary stars are close to each other and one binary has touching stars, with their outer ionised gases mixing. That situation is called a contact binary. From the data collected, the authors are fairly sure that both binaries (and probably all five stars) are gravitationally bound in a single system. The angles of inclination (the angle between the two orbital planes) of the two binaries (88.2(3) and 86(4) degrees). This suggests they originally formed by break-up (~9-10 billion years ago ago) from a single protostellar disk. Afterwards, they stayed in the same orbital plane.

Most multiple star systems are _triple stars_. Systems with four or more components are less likely to occur.

Multiple star systems are smaller than open star clusters, which have more complex dynamics and typically have from 100 to 1,000 stars. Most multiple star systems known are triple. For example, in the 1999 revision of
Tokovinin's catalog of physical multiple stars,
551 out of the 728 systems described are triple.

Multiple-star systems can be divided into two main types: systems which are stable, or systems with chaotic behavior. Chaotic ones are usually of young stars in systems not yet disrupted by the chaos.
Kentaro Sato

**Kentaro Sato** (佐藤 賢太郎 Satō Kentarō, born 12 May 1981), aka Ken-P, is a composer and conductor of media music and concert music.

Sato was born in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan. He holds a Master of Music in Conducting and a Bachelor of Music in Media and Commercial Writing from California State University, Northridge (CSUN). In addition to his degree in music, he also holds a degree in cinema from Santa Monica College. He is famous for his works for chorus and orchestra, and video game music.

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kentaro Sato
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- **genre**: Contemporary Classical Music, Film Music, Video-game Music
- **occupation**: Composer, Conducting, conductor
- **website**: http://www.wisemanproject.com
Open star cluster

An **open star cluster**, also known as **galactic cluster**, is a group of a few hundred or thousand stars. They have roughly the same age, and were formed from the same giant molecular cloud.

More than 1,100 open clusters have been discovered within the Milky Way Galaxy, and many more are thought to exist. They are loosely bound together by mutual gravitational attraction, but they get  disrupted by close encounters with other clusters and clouds of gas. Open clusters generally survive for a few hundred million years, with the most massive ones surviving for a few billion years.

In contrast, the more massive globular clusters of stars exert a stronger gravitational attraction on their members. So, they can survive for longer. Open clusters have been found only in spiral and irregular galaxies, in which active star formation is occurring.

Young open clusters may still be in the molecular cloud from which they formed. They light it up and create an H II region. Over time, radiation pressure from the cluster will disperse the molecular cloud. Typically, about 10% of the mass of a gas cloud will form stars before radiation pressure drives the rest of the gas away.

Open clusters are key objects in the study of stellar evolution. The cluster members are of similar age and chemical composition, so their properties (such as distance, age and chemical composition) are more easily studied than for isolated stars. A number of open clusters, such as the Pleiades, Hyades or the Alpha Persei Cluster are visible with the naked eye.
Saltsjöbaden

**Saltsjöbaden** is a locality in Nacka Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden. In 2010, 9,491 people lived there. It is located on the Baltic Sea coast.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Saltsjöbaden
- **image skyline**: Grand hotell Saltsjöbaden February 2013 02.jpg
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Grand Hotel Saltsjöbaden
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Nacka Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Stockholm County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Södermanland
- **area total km2**: 5.42
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 9,491
- **population density km2**: 1751
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Saltsjöbaden Agreement

The **Saltsjöbaden Agreement** () is a Swedish labor market treaty signed between the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (sv. _Landsorganisationen, LO_) and the Swedish Employers Association (sv. _Svenska Arbetsgivareföreningen, SAF_) on December 20, 1938. It became a model for other agreements. The rules on industrial action has become regarded almost as general legal principles of conflicts between the labor market forces.
Lidingöloppet

**Lidingöloppet** is an annual cross-country running competition held in Lidingö in Sweden. It was held for first time in 1965.

## Other websites

- Lidingöloppet official website (press flag for English or Finnish) .
- http://www.oppetarkiv.se/etikett/titel/Liding%C3%B6loppet/ The event at SVT's open archive
Göteborgsvarvet

**Göteborgsvarvet** is an annual half marathon running event in Gothenburg,  Sweden. First held in 1980, it is often referred to as the **Göteborg Half Marathon** in English).

The 2020 and 2021 editions were both cancelled because of the Coronavirus pandemic.

## Winners

**Key:**

|Year|class=unsortable|Men's winner|Time (h:m:s)|class=unsortable|Women's winner|Time (h:m:s)||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1980|align=left||1:06:17|align=left||1:15:50||||
|1981|align=left||1:05:44|align=left||1:17:47||||
|1982|align=left||1:02:54|align=left||1:09:57||||
|1983|align=left||1:04:40|align=left||1:14:54||||
|1984|align=left||1:03:14|align=left||1:10:46||||
|1985|align=left||1:04:35|align=left||1:13:44||||
|1986|align=left||1:03:41|align=left||1:12:11||||
|1987|align=left||1:03:37|align=left||1:13:24||||
|1988|align=left||1:05:13|align=left||1:14:19||||
|1989|align=left||1:03:35|align=left||1:17:16||||
|1990|align=left||1:01:54|align=left||1:12:45||||
|1991|align=left||1:04:38|align=left||1:12:30||||
|1992|align=left||1:03:24|align=left||1:13:26||||
|1993|align=left||1:03:37|align=left||1:13:30||||
|1994|align=left||1:03:08|align=left||1:13:04||||
|bgcolor=#F7BE81|1995|align=left||1:02:39|align=left||1:13:18|||
|1996|align=left||1:03:12|align=left||1:14:29||||
|1997|align=left||1:01:44|align=left||1:09:50||||
|1998|align=left||1:03:28|align=left||1:12:31||||
|1999|align=left||1:02:18|align=left||1:11:47||||
|2000|align=left||1:02:42|align=left||1:09:28||||
|2001|align=left||1:03:00|align=left||1:11:07||||
|2002|align=left||1:03:35|align=left||1:13:03||||
|2003|align=left||1:03:43|align=left||1:13:27||||
|2004|align=left||1:04:03|align=left||1:18:06||||
|2005|align=left||1:03:19|align=left||1:12:34||||
|2006|align=left||1:02:14|align=left||1:12:34||||
|bgcolor=#F7BE81|2007|align=left||1:04:03|align=left||1:12:38|||
|2008|align=left||1:01:21|align=left||1:10:19||||
|bgcolor=#F7BE81|2009|align=left||1:01:55|align=left||1:11:27|||
|2010|align=left||1:01:10|align=left||1:11:40||||
|2011|align=left||1:00:52|align=left||bgcolor=#A9F5A9|**1:09:04**|||
|2012|align=left||bgcolor=#A9F5A9|**1:00:25**|align=left||1:09:27|||
|2013|align=left||1:03:13|align=left||1:11:29||||
|2014|align=left||1:00:36|align=left||1:10:12||||
|2015|align=left||1.08.13|align=left||1.00.44||||
|bgcolor=#F7BE81|2016|align=left||bgcolor=#A9F5A9|**0:59:35**|align=left||bgcolor=#A9F5A9|**1:08:01**|
|bgcolor=#F7BE81|2017|align=left||01:00:19|align=left||bgcolor=#A9F5A9|**01:07:58**||
|bgcolor=#F7BE81|2018|align=left||1.01.31|align=left||bgcolor=#A9F5A9|1.09.06||
|bgcolor=#F7BE81|2019|align=left||1:00:38|align=left||1:08:18|||
|bgcolor=#F7BE81|2020|colspan=4|Cancelled due to the COVID-19 Pandemic|||||||
|bgcolor=#F7BE81|2021|colspan=4|Cancelled due to the COVID-19 Pandemic|||||||
|2022|align=left||1:00:50|align=left||1:08:20||||
|2023|align=left||1.01.46|align=left||1.10.40||||
|2024|align=left||1:02:56|align=left||1:11:35||||
|2025|align=left||1.03.39|align=left||01.08.33||||

## Other websites

- Official website
Antares

**Antares** (α Scorpii, Alpha Scorpii) is a red supergiant star in the Milky Way galaxy and the sixteenth brightest star in the nighttime sky. It is listed as 15th or 16th brightest, depending on how the two brighter components of the Capella quadruple star system are counted.

Antares is the brightest and most massive star in the Scorpius-Centaurus Association. The Scorpius-Centaurus Association contains thousands of stars with a mean age of 11 million years.

Antares has a secondary, or companion star, **Antares B**. The orbit of the companion star and its properties are not properly known, with an estimated period of 1,200 to 2,562 years.

Antares has a radius of about 600 to 800 times that of the Sun. This gives Antares a diameter between 835 million to 1.114 billion kilometers in size. If Antares was placed in the center of our solar system, its outer surface would lie between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, in the asteroid belt. Antares is about 550 light-years (or 170 parsecs) from the Earth. Its visual luminosity is about 10,000 times that of the Sun. Because the star radiates much of its energy in the infrared part of the spectrum, the bolometric luminosity is about 65,000 times that of the Sun. The mass of the star is in the range of 15 to 18 solar masses.

Antares is one of the first red supergiants to be directly imaged.

## Related pages

- Betelgeuse
- Mu Cephei
Vätternrundan

**Vätternrundan** is a bicycle race held in Sweden over two weekend days in mid-June every year. It was first held in 1966. The race circles the lake of Vättern. It starts and finishes in the town of Motala.

The 2020 edition was cancelled because of the Coronavirus pandemic. The 2021 edition was moved from mid June until early September because of the same pandemic.

## Other websites

- Vätternrundan at SVT's open archive

## Infobox (cycling race)

- **name**: Vätternrundan
- **image**:
- **date**: mid-June
- **region**: Sweden
- **discipline**: road bicycle racing
- **type**: one-day
Superga

The **Superga** is a hill on the south bank of the Po River. It is east of Torino in the northwestern parts of Italy. It is 672 metres above sea level.
Vansbrosimningen

**Vansbrosimningen** or **Vansbrosimmet** is an annual open water swimming competition held in Vansbro, Sweden. It was held for first time in 1950, and is part of 'En svensk klassiker'', which also includes crosscountry skiing (Vasaloppet), biking (Vätternrundan) and running (Lidingöloppet).
Tjejmilen

**Tjejmilen** is a girls-women only, cross-country running event in Stockholm, Sweden. The competition is hosted by Hässelby SK and Spårvägen FK. It is ran across a 10 kilometers long course on Djurgården.

The competition is annual. The first event was held on 19 August 1984. If often gathers thousnds of participants.

## Winners

- 1984 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 34:21
- 1985 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 34:28
- 1986 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 33:29
- 1987 – Malin Wästlund, Sweden, 34:20
- 1988 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 34:09
- 1989 – Evy Palm, Sweden, 34:09
- 1990 – Grete Waitz, Norway, 33:49
- 1991 – Midde Hamrin, Sweden, 34:34
- 1992 – Sara Romé, Sweden, 35:14
- 1993 – Gunhild Halle, Norway, 34:25
- 1994 – Sara Romé, Sweden, 34:35
- 1995 – Grete Kirkeberg, Norway, 34:50
- 1996 – Ingmarie Nilsson, Sweden, 35,32
- 1997 – Grete Kirkeberg, Norway, 35:16
- 1998 – Marie Söderström-Lundberg, Sweden, 34:37
- 1999 – Susanne Johansson, Sweden, 36:04
- 2000 – Marie Söderström-Lundberg, Sweden, 33:29
- 2001 – Lena Gavelin, Sweden, 33:35
- 2002 – Janet Ongera, Kenya, 33:22
- 2003 – Kirsi Valasti, Finland, 33:16
- 2004 – Lena Gavelin, Sweden, 34:44
- 2005 – Lisa Blommé, Sweden, 34:45
- 2006 – Ida Nilsson, Sweden, 34:12
- 2007 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 34:50
- 2008 – Lisa Blommé, Sweden, 33:58
- 2009 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 33:49
- 2010 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 33:38
- 2011 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 33:25
- 2012 – Karoline Bjerkeli Grøvdal, Norway 33.14
- 2013 – Isabellah Andersson, Sweden, 33:42
- 2014 – Meraf Bahta, Sweden, 32:40
- 2015 – Webalem Ayele, Ethiopia, 33:28
- 2016 – Fantu Tekla, Ethiopia, 32:40
- 2017 – Sara Holmgren, Sweden 34.52
- 2018 – Ayantu Eshete, Ethiopia, 35:06
- 2019 – Hanna Lindholm, Sweden, 35:06
- 2020 – Cancelled because of the Corona pandemic
- 2021 – Meraf Bahta, Sweden, 32.41
- 2022 – Carolina Wikström, Sweden, 33.51
- 2023 – Sarah Lahti, Sweden, 35.32
- 2024 – Carolina Wikström, Sweden, 33:45
- 2025 – Hanna Lindholm, Sweden, 34:32

## Related pages

- Tjejtrampet
- Tjejvasan

## Other websites

- Official website
Tjejvasan

**Tjejvasan** is an annual girls-women only cross-country skiing event in Sweden. It runs from Oxberg to Mora. The first event was first held in 1988.

## Winners

Winners throughout the years.

- 1988 - Karin Värnlund, IFK Mora
- 1989 - Marie Johansson, Dala Järna IK
- 1990 - cancelled because of lack of snow
- 1991 - Anna Frithioff, Kvarnsvedens GoIF
- 1992 - Anna Frithioff, Kvarnsvedens GoIF
- 1993 - Carina Görlin, Hudiksvalls IF
- 1994 - Marie Helene Östlund, Hudiksvalls IF
- 1995 - Marie Helene Östlund, Hudiksvalls IF
- 1996 - Kerrin Petty, IFK Mora
- 1997 - Kerrin Petty, Stockviks SF
- 1998 - Bente Martinsen, Norway
- 1999 - Elin Ek, Bergeforsens SK
- 2000 - Annika Evaldsson, IFK Mora
- 2001 - Anita Moen, Norway
- 2002 - Emelie Öhrstig, Stockviks SF
- 2003 - Ulrica Persson, SK Bore
- 2004 - Hilde Gjermundshaug Pedersen, Norway
- 2005 - Sofia Bleckur, IK Jarl
- 2006 - Elin Ek, IFK Mora
- 2007 - Susanne Nyström, Piteå Elit SK
- 2008 - Susanne Nyström, Piteå Elit SK
- 2009 - Susanne Nyström, Piteå Elit SK
- 2010 - Susanne Nyström, IFK Mora
- 2011 - Jenny Hansson, Östersunds SK
- 2012 - Susanne Nyström, Laisvalls SK
- 2013 - Susanne Nyström, Laisvalls SK
- 2014 - Sofia Bleckur, IFK Mora
- 2015 – Laila Kveli, Norway
- 2016 - Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå Skidor IF
- 2017 – Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå Skidor IF
- 2018 - Kateřina Smutná, Czech Republic
- 2019 – Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå SK
- 2020 - Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå Skidor IF
- 2021 – Lina Korsgren, Åre LSK
- 2022 - Britta Johansson Norgren, Sollefteå Skidor IF
- 2023 – Ida Dahl, Team Engcon
- 2024 – Kati Roivas, Finland
- 2025 – Jenny Larsson, Lager 157
- 2026 – Johanna Hagström, Sweden

## Related pages

- Tjejmilen
- Tjejtrampet

## Other websites

- The event at SVT's open archive
Maternal health

**Maternal health** is the health of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth and her postpartum periods. It includes family planning, preconception, prenatal and postnatal caring.

The risk of maternal death is higher in some areas, such as Sub-Saharan Africa, than in others. Poverty is a problem in some countries, in particular, the developing countries. In addition to sub-Saharan Africa, Black women in the US and the UK have higher maternal death rates. High rates of poverty, untreated illnesses, and a lack of access to health care, according to maternal health specialists, are to blame for higher maternal mortality rates. Other societal causes of maternal deaths include the absence of professionals, inadequate resources, early marriages, poverty in remote rural areas, and a lack of facilities and access. Pregnancy problems during and after delivery are caused by the high prevalence of cardiovascular disorders in pregnant black women. These ladies may experience potentially fatal complications depending on the severity of the condition (Howell,2018)

Prenatal care is very vital when it comes to maternal health . According to the CDC Prenatal care can support both the mother and the unborn child's health. Infants born to mothers who receive prenatal care are five times less likely to die and three times more likely to have low birth weights than babies delivered to mothers who do not.  There are a lot of reasons why females choose to not engage in proper prenatal care. Around 71% of low income women, according to a US study, had difficulty having access to prenatal care. Income is highly associated with prenatal health care.

Despite major advancements in prenatal care, the maternal mortality rate in the USA has is very high.   Rates have risen in the twenty-first century, and efforts to halt this have made little to no headway. In the US, there are different variations in maternal death rates .

## More About Maternal health

1. Maternal health
1. What is maternal health
Women's studies

**Women's studies** (also called **feminist studies**) are an academic field that explores politics, society, media and history according to women's views.

The first accredited Women's Studies course was in 1969 at Cornell University. Women's studies are available at many colleges and universities.
Marcus Garvey

**Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr.**, ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940), was a Jamaican political activist leader. He started the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. He inspired Rastafarians and the Nation of Islam. Garvey was a black nationalist and Pan-Africanist. His ideas came to be known as Garveyism.

Garvey was born in Jamaica. He left Jamaica in 1910. He lived in Costa Rica for a few months. In 1912 he moved back to Jamaica. The Marcus Garvey Award is given each year to a Jamaican by JAM. He was an important activist during the Back-to-Africa movement.

Garvey was controversial because he supported the separation of black and white people and even supported the Ku Klux Klan. He thanked white people for Jim Crow laws as well.

Garvey had a stroke in January 1940 and this caused many to believe he had died. In fact, many early obituaries of Garvey were released, some of which Garvey read himself. He died in  London on 10 June 1940 shortly after reading another early obituary of him, aged 52.

He is buried in NAtional Heroes Park, Kingstown Jamaica
The "...Obama administration had "flatly rejected request for a presidential pardon for Jamaica's first national hero, the Right Honorable Marcus Garvey" on the grounds that it would be "a waste of time and resources" since Garvey had been "dead for ages..."
Garvey was pardoned by President J Bidden in 19 January 2025.
Property damage

**Property damage** is destruction to private or public property caused either by person(s) or natural phenomena, such as severe weather or tropical cyclones. One form of property damage is called vandalism. The term _vandalism_, however, is often used to mean superficial or mild damage to property.