juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Namakkal district

**Namakkal District** is an administrative district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The district was divided from Salem district with Namakkal town as Headquarters on  25-07-1996 and started to function independently from 01-01-1997. The district has seven taluks (subdivisions): Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Rasipuram, Velur, Sendamangalam, Komarapalayam, and Kolli Hills. It has two Revenue Divisions: Namakkal and Tiruchengode. As of 2011, Namakkal district had a population of 1,726,601 with a sex-ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males.
Magnetic tape data storage

Magnetic Tape Storage is a way of storing digital information on a along strip of magnetic tape.
This type of storage, though outdated, is widely used as a backup storage.

magnetic tape drives are often referred to as MTD storage.
Olfactory bulb

The **olfactory bulb** is a part of the vertebrate forebrain. It works in olfaction, or the sense of smell.

The olfactory bulb has one source of sensory input (axons from olfactory receptor neurons, and one output (mitral cell axons). It is thought that it functions as a filter. However, the olfactory bulb also gets "top-down" information from brain areas like the amygdala, neocortex, hippocampus, locus coeruleus, and substantia nigra.

Its range of functions probably include:

- discriminating between odors
- enhancing sensitivity of odor detection
- filtering out background odors
- permitting higher brain areas involved in arousal and attention to modify the detection or discrimination of odors.
Sephardi Jews

**Sephardi Jews**, also known as **Sephardic Jews** or **Sephardim** (, <small>Modern Hebrew: _Sfaraddim_</small>, also  _Y'hudey Spharad_, meaning "The Jews of Spain"), are a Jewish ethnic division.
They emerged as a distinct community around 1000 AD on the Iberian Peninsula. Jews set up communities throughout Muslim Spain and Portugal.

## Evolution

In the late 15th century, when all Jews were expelled from Spain, they migrated and set up new communities in the countries of England, the Netherlands, North Africa, Anatolia, the Levant (Eastern Mediterranean), and the Balkan countries, as well as the Americas, where they kept their traditions and religious practices.

For hundreds of years and through the 20th century, Sephardi Jews have continued to speak their Judeo-Spanish language, commonly called the Ladino, alongside the language of their place of residence.

## Related pages

- Yiddish
- Mizrahi Jews
- Maghrebi Jews
- Ashkenazi Jews
- Hebrew language
- Judeo-Arabic dialects
- Judeo-Aramaic languages

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Sephardi Jews
  (_Yahadut Sfarad_)
- **pop**: 6,200,000
<small>up to 16% of world Jewish population</small>
- **pop1**: 4.2 million
- **pop2**: 300,000–400,000
- **pop3**: 200,000–300,000
- **pop4**: 50,000
- **pop5**: 40,000
- **pop6**: 31,000
- **pop7**: 24,930
- **pop8**: 15,000
- **pop9**: 14,000
- **pop10**: 8,000
- **pop11**: 8,000
- **pop12**: 7,000
- **pop13**: 6,000
- **pop14**: 6,000
- **pop15**: 2,000
- **pop17**: 2,000
- **pop18**: 2,000
- **pop19**: 1,500
- **pop20**: 1,000
- **pop21**: 600
- **pop22**: 200
- **langs**: Historical: Ladino language, Ladino, Arabic language, Arabic (Andalusian), Haketia, Judeo-Portuguese, Judeo-Berber language, Berber, Judaeo-Catalan, Catalanic, Shuadit, local languages
 Modern: Local languages, primarily  Hebrew language, Modern Hebrew, French, English, Turkish, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Ladino, Arabic.
- **rels**: Judaism
- **related-c**: Ashkenazi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, other Jewish ethnic divisions, Samaritans, other Levantines, Lebanese people, Lebanese, Syrian people, Syrians, other Semitic people#Ethnicity and race, Near Eastern Semitic people, Spaniards, Portuguese people, Portuguese and Hispanic, Hispanics/Latinos
Shas

**Shas**, Hebrew: ש״ס , full name: Shomrei Sfarad, Hebrew: שומרי ספרד , meaning _(Religious) guardians of the Sephardim_, is an Israeli political party.

Its ideology is left-wing conservative, Sephardic-Mizrahic Ultra-Orthodox, and Religious Zionist.

Political leader is Aryeh Deri.

Shas was founded in 1984.

Number of seats in the 24th Knesset: 9 (/).

Participating in the Fourth Netanyahu Government and the Netanyahu-Gantz Government.
Mizrahi Jews

**Mizrahi Jews** are one of the Jewish ethnic groups indigenous to the Middle East and North Africa. Occasionally, **Mizrahim** also refers to Jews from the Caucasus or Central Asia.

## Overview

The term is often used synonymously with Sephardi Jews, though Sephardic [means or] connotes religious practice and Mizrahi implies place of origin", according to media.

## Terminology

**Mizrahi** is a Hebrew word for _eastern_.

## Related pages

- Sephardi Jews
- Maghrebi Jews
- Ashkenazi Jews
Chermignon

**Chermignon** is a former municipality in the district Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Chermignon, Mollens, Montana and Randogne merged into the new municipality of Crans-Montana.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Chermignon
- **municipality name**: Chermignon
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Chermignon.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Chermignon.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Sierre (district), Sierre
- **postal code**: 3971 Chermignon
3963 Crans-sur-Sierre
3971 Ollon
- **municipality code**: 6234
- **area**: 5.4
- **elevation**: 910
- **population**: 2772
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **website**: www.chermignon.ch
- **mayor**: Jean-Claude Savoy
- **neighboring municipalities**: Lens, Switzerland, Lens, Montana, Switzerland, Montana, Sierre
Bilawal Shah Noorani

**Syed Bilawal Shah Noorani** jeelani () was a mystic saint from Balochistan. Shah Noorani was the descendants of Ali Ibn Abi Talib. Noorani is considered to be a patron saint of Balochistan.

## Shrine

Noorani's shrine is popular in Balochistan, Pakistan after Hinglaj Mata Mandir.
His  shrine is located in a narrow valley between the mountains of Khuzdar District, Balochistan

## Mela / Urs (Annual Fair)

Shah Noorani's annual _Urs_ (death anniversary celebration), held on the 10th Ramadan – the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar, brings more than half a million pilgrims from all over Pakistan.

## Explosion

An explosion at a Noorani's shrine in the Pakistani region of Balochistan has killed 52 people and injured more than 100 on 13 November 2016.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bilawal Shah Noorani
- **image**: File:Sakhi Bilawal Shah Noorani.jpg
- **caption**: Out look of Noorani's shrine
- **pronunciation**: Bìlāwāl Sháh
- **birth name**: Bilawal
- **death date**: 10th Ramadan
- **death place**: Balochistan (Pakistan), Balochistan,Pakistan
- **resting place**: Khuzdar District,Wadh Tehsil,Balochistan (Pakistan), Balochistan Pakistan
- **other names**: Shah Noorani,Noorani Baba
- **known for**: Saint
- **title**: Al-Sakhi()
- **relatives**: Ali
Wesel citadel

The **Wesel citadel**, German: _Zitadelle Wesel_, is a citadel in the town of Wesel. It was built between 1688 and 1722. Architect was Johan de Corbin.

The Wesel citadel was the most important fort in Wesel.

Nowadays it is used for cultural purposes.

## Other websites

- Wesel citadel
Tobias Kempe

**Tobias Kempe** (born June 27, 1989 in Wesel) is a German footballer. He plays as a midfielder and striker.

Kempe has started his senior career in 2008. Since 2016 he has been playing for 1. FC Nürnberg.

His father Thomas Kempe and his brother Dennis Kempe were/are also footballers.

## Other websites

- www.kicker.de
Hla Myint

**Hla Myint** ( ; 1920 – 9 March 2017) was a Burmese economist. He was known as one of the pioneers of development of welfare economics. He worked on the importance of export-orientation as the most useful "engine of growth". He was born in Bassein, Irrawaddy Division, British Burma. Myint served  as Emeritus Professor of Economics, teaching development economics, at the London School of Economics from 1966 to 1985.

Myint died on 9 March 2017 in Bangkok, Thailand at the age of 97.

## Major works

- _Theories of Welfare Economics_, Longmans Green, 1948.
- _Economic Theory and the Underdeveloped Countries_, 1971
- _Southeast Asia's Economy: Development Policies in the 1970s_ (Penguin Modern Economics Texts) Penguin Books, 1972

## Related pages

- List of scientists from Asia
Keke Rosberg

**Keijo Erik Rosberg** (; born 6 December 1948), known as "**Keke**", is a Finnish former racing driver and winner of the  Formula One World Championship. He was the first Finnish driver to compete regularly in the series. Rosberg grew up in Oulu and Iisalmi, Finland. He is the father of retired Formula One driver and  Formula One world champion Nico Rosberg.

## Infobox (f1 driver)

- **name**: Keke Rosberg
- **birth name**: Keijo Erik Rosberg
- **image**: Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982.jpg
- **caption**: Rosberg at the 1982 Dutch Grand Prix
- **nationality**: Finnish
- **birth place**: Solna Municipality, Solna, Sweden
- **years**: –
- **team(s)**: Theodore Racing, Theodore, ATS (wheels), ATS, Walter Wolf Racing, Wolf, Fittipaldi Automotive, Fittipaldi, WilliamsF1, Williams, Team McLaren, McLaren
- **races**: 128 (114 starts)
- **championships**: 1  (1982 Formula One season, 1982)
- **wins**: 5
- **podiums**: 17
- **poles**: 5
- **fastest laps**: 3
- **points**: 159.5
- **first race**: 1978 South African Grand Prix
- **first win**: 1982 Swiss Grand Prix
- **last win**: 1985 Australian Grand Prix
- **last race**: 1986 Australian Grand Prix
Denny Hulme

**Denis Clive** "**Denny**" **Hulme**  (18 June 1936 – 4 October 1992) was a New Zealand racing driver. He was born in Motueka of the South Island.

Hulme won the  Formula One World Drivers' Championship for the Brabham team. Between his first appearance at Monaco in 1965 and his final race in the 1974 United States Grand Prix. He started 112 Grand Prix, resulting eight victories and 33 trips to the podium. He also finished third in the overall standing in 1968 and 1972.

Hulme died of a sudden heart attack while driving at the Bathurst 1000 in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia. He was 56.

## Infobox (f1 driver)

- **name**: Denny Hulme
<small>Order of the British Empire, OBE</small>
- **image**: HulmeDenis196508.jpg
- **nationality**: New Zealand
- **birth place**: Motueka, New Zealand
- **death place**: Bathurst, New South Wales, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
- **years**: –
- **team(s)**: Brabham, McLaren
- **races**: 112
- **championships**: 1 (1967 Formula One season, 1967)
- **wins**: 8
- **podiums**: 33
- **poles**: 1
- **fastest laps**: 9
- **points**: 248
- **first race**: 1965 Monaco Grand Prix
- **first win**: 1967 Monaco Grand Prix
- **last win**: 1974 Argentine Grand Prix
- **last race**: 1974 United States Grand Prix
Mohamed Mijarul Quayes

**Mohamed Mijarul Quayes** (; 2 April 1960 – 11 March 2017) was a Bangladeshi diplomat. He served as Bangladesh's Ambassador to Brazil from 2014 until his death. He was the Bangladesh High Commissioner to the Court of St James's, United Kingdom from 2009 to 2014.

Quayes was taken to a Brasília hospital in February 2017. He later died from multiple organ failure on 11 March. He was 56.
Preto Hendrik

**Simba António Castelo** (born November 23, 1994, Luanda, Angola), better known by his stage name **Preto Hendrik**, is an African musician, of Angolan nationality, native of Luanda, member of LBA Music. began his artistic career in the year 2016, with music named "Encher a Cara", and "Fácil" with group of musicians LBA Musc in 2016.

### Music

|Year|With LBA Music|
| --- | --- |
|2016|_ "Encher a Cara",  "Fácil" _|

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Preto Hendrik
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Simba António Castelo
- **birth date**: in Luanda, Angola
- **origin**: Luanda, Angola
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop, House Music
- **years active**: 2016–present
- **label**: L.B.A Music
Surface chemistry

***Surface chemistry*** is the study of chemical reactions at surfaces and interfaces. Appreciating how molecules and atoms interact with surfaces and with each other while on surfaces is key to understanding desirable chemical reactions, such as in heterogeneous catalysis, and also those that are undesirable, such as in corrosion chemistry.
Purim

**Purim**, Hebrew: פורים , meaning _allotment_, is a Jewish cheerful feast in memory of the liberation of the Jewish people during their stay in ancient Persia.

The origins of Purim are to be found in the Book of Esther.

It is celebrated on the 14th of Adar (in Jerusalem on the 15th of Adar).

## Date

- 2017: sunset, 11 March - sunset, 12 March
Gif-sur-Yvette

**Gif-sur-Yvette** is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is  from the center of Paris.
Tennis court

A **tennis court** is a court used to play tennis.  It is a rectangle with a net across the middle. During a tennis match there can be both one player (single) or two players (double) on both half.  The surface can be grass, clay or hardcourt.

The dimensions are set as the standard for lawn tennis by the International Tennis Federation and written down in the 'Rules of Tennis' document.  The Tennis court is 78 feet (23.77 meters) long. Its width is 27 feet (8.23 meters) for singles matches and 36 feet (10.97 meters) for doubles matches.  The service line is 21 feet (6.40 meters) from the net.

## Surfaces

**Clay Court** is primarily made with stone, brick and crushed shale.  The tennis ball on the clay court has the interesting feature of digging into the dirt.  The clay court is the cheapest court to construct but is also is the court that requires the most maintenance.  The water content should be balanced and the courts have to be rolled often to maintain flattened form.

**Grass Court**s are the fastest courts.  Before the open era most games were played in grass courts.  Over time, the maintenance and cost have made it less popular.  Grass courts are made by growing grass in hard packed soil.  This can create many micro-variations in the surface type.

**Carpet Court**s are rollable court surfaces.  They are characterized by their low bounce and fast surface compared to hard courts.  Carpet courts went out of fashion in the late 20th century and have been discontinued from the world tour.

**Hard Court**s are by far the most popular surfaces, primarily due to the one-time investment and minimum maintenance.  The courts are made up of uniform rigid material, often covered with an acrylic surface layer to offer greater consistency of bounce than other outdoor surfaces.  Hard courts generally vary in speed, being slower than grass courts but faster than clay.
Vézère

The **Vézère** () is a river of southwestern France that flows through the Corrèze and Dordogne, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is a right tributary of the Dordogne river.

The  valley of the Vézère river is known for its prehistoric cave systems, with numerous cave paintings. UNESCO collectively designated these as a World Heritage Site in 1979.

## Geography

The Vézère has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Campagne in the Dordogne department.

**Average monthly discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) at Campagne (1968-2017)**

### Course

The Vézère starts in the _Plateau de Millevaches_, part of the Massif Central, in the _commune_ of Meymac, Corrèze department, at an elevation of about .

It flows generally southwest through the Corrèze and Dordogne departments before flowing into the Dordogne river in Limeuil at about  of altitude.

The Vézère flows through 1 region, 2 departments and 53 _communes_. The main _communes_ are:

- Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
    - Corrèze: Chavanac, Pérols-sur-Vézère, Bugeat, Treignac, Uzerche, Vigeois, Larche
    - Dordogne: Terrasson-Lavilledieu, Montignac, Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil, Le Bugue

## Main tributaries

The main tributaries (more than 20 km long) of the Vézère river are:
- Left tributaries
    - Ars - 20.7 km;
    - Brézou - 29.6 km;
    - Corrèze - 94.6 km;
- Right tributaries
    - Soudaine - 25.8 km;
    - Bradascou - 33 km;
    - Loyre - 45.3 km;

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France
- Vézère Valley

## Other websites

- Banque Hydro - Station P4271010 - La Vézère à Campagne
- World Heritage profile

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Vézère
- **image**: Vézère vieux pont.jpg
- **image caption**: Le Saillant, bridge over the river Vézère
- **map**: Vézère.png
- **source1 location**: Plateau de Millevaches
- **mouth location**: Dordogne (river), Dordogne
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: France
AlphaBay

**AlphaBay Market** was a darknet online marketplace operating on the Tor network. It was shut down by the FBI and the United States Department of Justice on July 2017.

## History

It started in November 2014 and officially launched on December 22, 2014. It had 14,000 new users in the first 90 days of its operation. The darknet informer website Gwern.net placed AlphaBay Market in the top tier of markets regarding the 6-month survival probability, and it has proven to be successful. In October 2015, it was recognized as the largest online darknet market according to Dan Palumbo, research director at Digital Citizens Alliance. It was relaunched by vendor who identifies himself as co-founder "DeSnake" in 2021.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: AlphaBay Market
- **logo**: Alphabaylogo.png
- **commercial**: Yes
- **type**: Market
- **registration**: Required
- **language**: English language, English
- **num users**: 240,000+
- **owner**: alpha02 & DeSnake
- **launch date**: December 2014
- **current status**: Relaunched in 2021
- **url**: clcua5cwkutouq2mgpf4dgejgx6reugt7pma5h5sueyogfl57xfsd5ad.onion/
Robert James Waller

**Robert James Waller** (August 1, 1939 – March 10, 2017) was an American author. He was best known for _The Bridges of Madison County_, a very successful book in 1993. He was also a photographer and musician.

Waller died on March 10, 2017, at his home in Fredericksburg, Texas. He was 77 and had been battling multiple myeloma.

## Novels

- _The Bridges of Madison County_ (1992) (original UK title _Love in Black and White_)
- _Slow Waltz in Cedar Bend_ (1993)
- _Puerto Vallarta Squeeze_ (1995)
- _Border Music_ (1995)
- _A Thousand Country Roads: An Epilogue to The Bridges of Madison County_ (2002)
- _High Plains Tango_ (2005)
- _The Long Night of Winchell Dear_ (2007)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robert James Waller
- **birth name**: Robert James Waller Jr.
- **birth place**: Rockford, Iowa, U.S.
- **death place**: Fredericksburg, Texas, U.S.
- **education**: University of Northern Iowa, BA '62, MA '64
Kelley School of Business, Indiana University Bloomington, PhD '68
- **occupation**: Academic, educator, writer
- **spouse**: Georgia Ann Wiedemeier (1961–1997; divorced); 1 child
Linda Bow (2004–2017; his death)
- **children**: Rachel Waller
- **notable works**: The Bridges of Madison County
Ángel Parra

**Luis Ángel Cereceda Parra** (27 June 1943 – 11 March 2017) was a Chilean singer and songwriter. He was born in Valparaíso, Chile. He traveled abroad helping to maintain the Nueva Canción tradition in Chilean expatriate communities in Europe, North America, and Australia. He was known for producing his second album, _Oratorio para el pueblo_, which was about his love for Chile.

Parra died of lung cancer in Paris, France on 11 March 2017, aged 73.
Calypso music

**Calypso music** is an Afro-Caribbean style music. It started in the early 20th century  in Trinidad and Tobago. Calypso drew upon African and French influences. It became the voice of the people.

## Instruments

Trumpet, trombone, flute and clarinet are just a few of the instruments used.
Robin Bengtsson

**Robin Bengtsson** (born 27 April 1990 in Svenljunga, Sweden) is a Swedish singer who took part in Swedish Idol 2008. He represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 in Kyiv, Ukraine.

### Extended plays

|scope="col" style="width:18em;"|Title|scope="col" style="width:21em;"|Details|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|* Released: 8 May 2014 * Label: Merion Music Group * Format: Digital download||||
|* Released: 29 November 2024 * Label: Freebird Entertainment, ADA Nordic * Format: Digital download||||

#### As lead artist

|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em;"|Title|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;"|Year|scope="col" colspan="4"|Peak chart positions|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Certifications|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Album|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2008|15|—|—|—||rowspan="4"||||
|2009|8|—|—|—||||||
|2010|—|—|—|—||||||
|2012|—|—|—|—||||||
|2013|—|—|—|—||rowspan="2"|_Under My Skin_|||
|rowspan="2"|2014|—|—|—|—|||||
|—|—|—|—||rowspan="26"|||||
|2016|2|—|—|—|* GLF: 2× Platinum|||||
|rowspan="2"|2017|3|130|27|83|* GLF: 2× Platinum||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|rowspan="4"|2018|—|—|—|—|||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|rowspan="5"|2019|—|—|—|—|||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|24|—|—|—|* GLF: Gold||||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|rowspan="5"|2020|13|—|—|—|* GLF: Gold||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|rowspan="4"|2021|—|—|—|—|||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|—|—|—|—|||||||
|2022|10|—|—|—|* GLF: Gold|||||
|2023|—|—|—|—||||||
|2024|—|—|—|—||||||
|2026|24|—|—|—||||||
|colspan="20" style="font-size:85%"|"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.|||||||||

#### As featured artist

|scope="col" style="width:20em;"|Title|scope="col" style="width:1em;"|Year|scope="col"|Album|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2012|rowspan="3"|||||
|2013||||||
|2016||||||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Robin Bengtsson
- **image**: Robin Bengtsson 01 (cropped) @ Melodifestivalen 2017 - Jonatan Svensson Glad.jpg
- **caption**: Robin Bengtsson ´(2017)
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Svenljunga, Västra Götaland County, Sweden
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 2008–present
- **label**: Reeflake Records
Gido Kokars

**Gido Kokars** (16 August 1921 – 10 March 2017) was a Latvian conductor. He was the twin brother of Imants Kokars, who was also a renowned conductor. He was born in Gulbene, Latvia. His career began in 1951.

## Career

In 1951, he graduated from a music school in Cesis. In 1956, he conducted at the Latvian Conservatory choir conducting class. During the period from 1951 to 1958, he was the Riga Pedagogical Institute music teacher. He conducted at the Institute of the mixed choir "Daina". Later, Kokars conducted Riga radiorūpnīca (RRR) men's choir "Auseklis" folk choir "Daile", Bauska District Teachers Choir "Daina", chamber choir "Ave Sol" (was it an artist and director). Several Latvian Song and Dance Festival conductor.

## Death

Kokars died on 10 March 2017 in Riga, Latvia, aged 95.
András Kovács

**András Kovács** (20 June 1925 – 11 March 2017) was a Hungarian movie director and screenwriter. He directed 30 movies between 1961 and 1996.

## Career

His 1968 movie _The Lost Generation_ was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1978 movie _A ménesgazda_ was entered into the 29th Berlin International Film Festival.

His 1981 movie _Temporary Paradise_ won the Silver Prize at the 12th Moscow International Film Festival. His 1985 movie _The Red Countess_ was entered into the 14th Moscow International Film Festival.

Kovács was also a member of the jury at the 5th Moscow International Film Festival in 1967 and the 1976 Cannes Film Festival.

## Death

Kovács died in Budapest, Hungary on 11 March 2017, aged 91.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Kovács András (2010).jpg
- **caption**: by János Eifert , 2010
- **name**: András Kovács
- **birth place**: Vultureni, Cluj, Chidea, Kingdom of Romania
- **death place**: Budapest, Hungary
- **occupation**: Filmmaker
- **yearsactive**: 1952–96
Richard Wagamese

**Richard Wagamese** (October 14, 1955 – March 10, 2017, Ojibwe) was a Canadian author and journalist. He was best known for his 2012 novel _Indian Horse_, which won the Burt Award for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Literature in 2013 and was a competing title in the 2013 edition of _Canada Reads_.

Wagamese died on march 10, 2017 at the age of either 61 or 62 in Kamloops, British Columbia.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Richard Wagamese
- **image**: Richard Wagamese - 2013 (DanH-1847).jpg
- **caption**: Wagamese at the Eden Mills Writers' Festival in 2013
- **birth date**: 1955
- **death date**: March 10, 2017 (aged 61-62)
- **death place**: Kamloops, British Colombia, Canada
- **occupation**: novelist, poet, television writer
- **language**: English language, English
- **citizenship**: Canada, Canadian
- **genre**: First Nations literature
- **notableworks**: _Indian Horse_
- **awards**: Burt Award for First Nations, Métis and Inuit Literature (2013)
Tommy John

**Tommy John** is a former pitcher in Major League Baseball. His 288 career victories rank as the seventh highest total among left-handed pitchers in Major League history.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Tommy John
- **image**: Tommy_John_2008_bronx.jpg
- **caption**: John in 2008, attending a pre-2008 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star game party in The Bronx.
- **position**: Pitcher
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Left
- **birth place**: Terre Haute, Indiana
- **debutleague**: MLB
- **debutdate**: September 6
- **debutyear**: 1963
- **debutteam**: Cleveland Indians
- **finalleague**: MLB
- **finaldate**: May 25
- **finalyear**: 1989
- **finalteam**: New York Yankees
- **statleague**: MLB
- **stat1label**: Win–loss record (pitching), Win–loss record
- **stat1value**: 288–231
- **stat2label**: Earned run average
- **stat2value**: 3.34
- **stat3label**: Strikeouts
- **stat3value**: 2,245
- **teams**: * Cleveland Indians (1963 – 1964)
* Chicago White Sox (1965 – 1971)
* Los Angeles Dodgers (1972 – 1974), (1976 – 1978)
* New York Yankees (1979 – 1982)
* California Angels (1982 – 1985)
* Oakland Athletics (1985)
* New York Yankees (1986 – 1989)
- **highlights**: * 4× Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star (1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1968, 1978 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1978–1980 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1980)
Tony Haygarth

**Anthony "Tony" Haygarth** (4 February 1945 – 10 March 2017) was an English television, movie and theatre actor. He was known for his roles in _Chicken Run_ and _Fakers_. In 2008, he played Alfred Doolittle in the Old Vic's Production of _Pygmalion_. In November 2008 he joined the cast of _Emmerdale_ as Mick Naylor.

Haygarth died from Alzheimer's disease on 10 March 2017 in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, aged 72.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tony Haygarth
- **birth name**: Anthony Haygarth
- **birth place**: Liverpool, England
- **death place**: Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England
- **nationality**: British
- **years active**: 1971–2017
- **occupation**: Actor
- **spouse**: Carole Winter
John Forgeham

**John Henry George Forgham** (14 May 1941 – 10 March 2017) was an English actor. He was best known for playing businessman Frank Laslett in the ITV series _Footballers' Wives_. He was also known for his movie role as Frank in _The Italian Job_.

Forgeham died from internal bleeding and suffered from a broken collarbone after falling at his home in Worthing, East Sussex on 10 March 2017, aged 75.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Forgeham
- **birth name**: John Henry George Forgham
- **birth date**: 14 May 1941
- **birth place**: Kidderminster, Worcestershire, England
- **death place**: Worthing, East Sussex, England
- **nationality**: British
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1963–2012
- **spouse**: Georgina Hale (actress/divorced)
Fiesta mei Ling (actress/divorced)
Arlene Garciano (2004–06)
- **children**: 2
Chippis

**Chippis** is a municipality of the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Chippis
- **municipality name**: Chippis
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Chippis COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Chippis 2009.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Sierre (district), Sierre
- **postal code**: 3965
- **municipality code**: 6235
- **area**: 2.0
- **elevation**: 532
- **population**: 1541
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **website**: www.chippis.ch
- **mayor**: Christian Zufferey
- **neighboring municipalities**: Chalais, Switzerland, Chalais, Saint-Luc, Switzerland, Saint-Luc, Sierre
Grimentz

**Grimentz** is a village and former municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Grimentz, Ayer, Chandolin, Saint-Jean, Saint-Luc and Vissoie merged into the new municipality of Anniviers.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Grimentz
- **municipality name**: Grimentz
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Grimentz COA.svg
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Sierre (district), Sierre
- **postal code**: 3961
- **municipality code**: 6237
- **area**: 58.4
- **elevation**: 1553
- **population**: 475
- **populationof**: Dec 2007
- **website**: www.grimentz.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Ayer, Switzerland, Ayer, Evolène, Nax, Saint-Jean, Switzerland, Saint-Jean, Saint-Martin, Valais, Saint-Martin
Grône

**Grône** is a municipality in the district Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Grône
- **municipality name**: Grône
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Grône COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Grône.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Sierre (district), Sierre
- **postal code**: 3979
- **municipality code**: 6238
- **area**: 21.1
- **elevation**: 513
- **population**: 2002
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **website**: www.grone.ch
- **mayor**: Joseph De Preux
- **neighboring municipalities**: Chalais, Switzerland, Chalais, Nax, Saint-Jean, Switzerland, Saint-Jean, Saint-Léonard, Switzerland, Saint-Léonard, Sierre, Sion, Switzerland, Sion
Icogne

**Icogne** is a municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Icogne
- **municipality name**: Icogne
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Icogne COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Icogne.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Sierre (district), Sierre
- **postal code**: 1977
- **municipality code**: 6239
- **area**: 24.8
- **elevation**: 1026
- **population**: 467
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **website**: www.icogne.ch
- **mayor**: Eric Kamerzin
- **neighboring municipalities**: Ayent, Lenk im Simmental (BE), Lens, Switzerland, Lens, Randogne, Saint-Léonard, Switzerland, Saint-Léonard
Music School Kosta Manojlović, Zemun

The **Music School Kosta Manojlovic** is one of the largest schools in Serbia. It is located at 9 Nemanjina street in Zemun.
 Students and professors of this school have achieved outstanding successes at many competitions in Serbia and abroad. These places the school at the very top of the music education in Serbia.

## History

The school started its work on 1 September 1939, as a separate department of the Music School “Stanković” in Belgrade, in a three-room apartment in Svetosavska Street. In 1949 the school received the status of a regular six-year, gratuitous schools, and since 1954 bears the name of Kosta Manojlović., the famous Serbian composer, musicologist, founder and first rector of the Faculty of Music  in Belgrade.

The School Day is celebrated on December 4. It is the day of birth of _Kosta Manojlovic_.

## Education

- 1. Pre-school education (which includes musical nursery, musical kindergarten and the preparatory preschool program)
- 2. Elementary music education (six years for the piano, the violin, the cello, the guitar, the accordion and the flute; four years for the clarinet, the oboe, the saxophone, the trumpet, the horn, the trombone and the double bass; two years for solo singing)
- 3. Secondary music education (two courses: vocal-instrumental and music production with sound processing)

Teaching classes are organized in three separate locations – the main (parent) school, in the class for visually impaired children “Veljko Ramadanović” and elementary school “Lazar Savatić”. With around a thousand students and 145 teachers and non-teaching staff, the school is one of the largest in Serbia. Today, there are seven courses established in the school: the piano, string instruments, wind instruments, solo singing, the accordion, the guitar and a course for music production and audio recording. Around 3,000 students have completed elementary education and around 650 students secondary education so far.

## Related pages

- Audio engineer

## Other websites

- The official website of the Music School _Kosta Manojlovic_, Zemun , Retrieved 12 March 2017
- Music school Kosta Manojlovic, Zemun – _School for tallented children_, Retrieved 12 March 2017
- Gala Concert of Music School "Kosta Manojlovic" , Retrieved 12 March 2017
- List of Music and Ballet Schools of Serbia , Retrieved 12 March 2017
- Music School Kosta Manojlović: _Concerts   played at School Day_ , Retrieved 12 March 2017
- Woodwind and Brass Instruments concert, Retrieved 12 March 2017
- Orchestra of the secondary Music School “Kosta Manojlovic” in Zemun (Serbia) , Retrieved 12 March 2017
Sirinai Mandar

**Sirinai Mandar** is a book of short stories written by Nilkamal Brahma.
There are 10 stories in the book. All the stories are written in Bodo language. It was first published in 1985.
Artificial leather

**Artificial leather** is a substance used as a replacement for real leather. It is used where the properties or the look of real leather are desired, but real leather is too expensive, unsuitable, or not feasible for ethical reasons. Compared with real leather, artificial leathers are much cheaper to produce. Water resistance is another advantage of many artificial leathers. They are often used for upholstery and fashion and other purposes.

## What it is made of

Usually, there are two components: A kind of textile, and some kind of plastic (such as PVC).  Real leather is produced from the skin of animals.

## Problems

Artificial leather might look like it is better for the environment, since no animals need to be killed to make it. The problem with artificial leather is different: When the item of clothing is no longer used, it is thrown away.  Many plastics take a long time to decay. That way, the plastic part may get into the sea, where animals such as birds and fish eat it. The chemicals used to make artificial leather are toxic, and can lead to pollution.
Kitty Courbois

**Catharina Anna Petronella Antonia (Kitty) Courbois** (13 July 1937 – 11 March 2017) was a Dutch actress. In 2010 she was awarded the Medal of Merit. She was born in Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Courbois died on 11 March 2017 in Amsterdam from a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 79.

## Movies

- _A Gangstergirl_ (1966)
- _Mariken van Nieumeghen_ (1974)
- _Vrijdag_ (1980)
- _Leedvermaak_ (1988)
- _Seventh Heaven_ (1993)
- _Belle van Zuylen – Madame de Charrière_ (1993)
- _Last Call_ (1995)
- _Scratches in the Table_ (1998)
- _De Held_ (2016)
Murray Ball

**Murray Hone Ball** ONZM (26 January 1939 – 12 March 2017) was a New Zealand cartoonist. He became known for his _Stanley the Palaeolithic Hero_ (the longest running cartoon in Punch magazine), _Bruce the Barbarian_, _All the King's Comrades_ (also in Punch) and the long-running _Footrot Flats_ comic series.

In 2002, Ball became an officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit (ONZM) for his services as a cartoonist.

Ball was born in Feilding, New Zealand. He studied at Parktown Boys' High School. Ball died on 12 March 2017 in Gisborne, New Zealand from complications of dementia, aged 78.

## Other websites

- _Murray Ball: The man behind Footrot Flats _ biography
- Footrot Flats by Murray Ball, a Facebook fan-site with a huge photographic catelogue of many Footrot Flats or Murray Ball items / merchandise
Shifa Gardi

**Shifa Gardi** (Kurdish:Şîfa Gerdî, Arabic:شفاء كردي)(July 1, 1986 - February 25, 2017) also known as Shifa Zikri Ibrahim, was a Kurdish journalist for the Kurdish Rudaw Media Network in Iraq.  She died in a roadside bomb explosion while reporting on the Iraqi advance into Mosul. When she died, Gardi was speaking to Shiite commander Hashd al-Shaabi beside a huge hole where ISIS militants dumped the bodies of people they killed. Al-Shaabi's feet caught in a wire, which made the bomb explode. Gardi, commander al-Shaabi, and four fighters were killed. Gardi's cameraman Younis Mustafa and seven fighters were wounded.

Ranja Jamal, a Rudaw journalist who is embedded with the Iraqi army was with Gardi when she died.  He said she was looking for the deep hole called "Mosul’s Valley of Death", or Al Khafsa, where ISIS threw hundreds of people. The hole is in a valley south of the Mosul near a village called Al Athba. According to the Islamic State's doctrine, Muslims who oppose the group or fighters who leave the group cannot be buried in Muslim cemeteries. Al Athba is 20 kilometers south of Mosul and five kilometers from the main Baghdad-Mosul road. Gardi had information about the valley but she was not able to find it. On her way back, she met a Popular Mobilization Forces or Al-Hashd Al-Sha'abi group, and they took her to the place.

## Life

Gardi was born a refugee in 1986 in the town of Urmia Zêwe, Iran. In 2006, she graduated from Computer Technical Institute.  In 2013, she graduated from the media department at Salahaddin University. In 2006, she started her career in media and worked as a teacher. From 2007 to 2010 she worked as a journalist. Gerdi was with the Rûdaw Media Group from its beginning.  At the beginning of the Mosul offensive she started a program titled “Focus Mosul”. Gerdi followed the events of the war by going to the front as a war correspondent. Gerdi once brought a rabbit back to her office, because it was malnourished.

The President of Kurdistan, Massoud Barzani, sent his condolences.  Mesud Tek, the General Secretary Socialist Party of Kurdistan in Turkey also sent condolences. Marie-Claude Bibeau, the Canadian Minister for international development, Dr. Najmaldin Karim, the governor of Kirkuk, and Falah Mustafa, head of Department of Foreign Relations of Kurdistan Regional Government all expressed their condolences.

## Other websites

- List of news articles written by Gerdi from Rojname Kurdish News.
BandNews FM

**Rádio BandNews FM** is a Brazilian _all news_ radio network. It first started in 20 March 2005. It is owned by Grupo Bandeirantes de Comunicação.

The network started broadcasting at exactly midnight in 20 March 2005, after at 23:59, Rádio Cidade said goodbye to its listeners after 25 years and played the last top 3 songs. The first on-air journalist was Carlos Nascimento.

Currently, it serves ten cities: Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Vitoria, João Pessoa and Salvador. The first 4 cities carry the network's _de facto_ flagship stations.

Campinas and Ribeirao Preto (in 106.7 FM and 96.7 FM) stopped carrying BandNews FM programming in 2014. They are now branded as Band FM.

BandNews FM is well known for its slogan _Em 20 minutos, tudo pode mudar_ (In 20 minutes, everything can happen), which refers to how the news is updated every 20 minutes. This format (that allows listeners to tune in at any time of the day to get the leading stories of the moment) is inspired by 1010 WINS, America's most well-known news station.

From 6:00 to 23:00, on these news blocks, 6 minutes of them being given to each individual affiliate for providing local stories, read by a local announcer. Normally there's a local-only news programme from 9:00 to 11:00. Overnights feature live national announcers, broadcast by all affiliates.

The network also broadcasts selected Brazilian football matches, alongside Bandeirantes, Jovem Pan and CBN, three likewise-formatted radio networks.

## Frequencies

- 96.9 MHz (São Paulo)
- 90.3 MHz (Rio de Janeiro)
- 89.5 MHz (Belo Horizonte)
- 90.5 MHz (Brasília)
- 96.3 MHz (Curitiba)
- 99.1 MHz (Salvador)
- 99.3 MHz (Porto Alegre)
- 101.7 MHz (Fortaleza)
- 103.3 MHz (João Pessoa)
- 90.1 MHz (Vitória)
Steve Nicol

**Stephen Nicol** (born 11 December 1961) is a Scottish former footballer. He played as a right back. He played for Ayr United, Liverpool, Notts County, Sheffield Wednesday, Doncaster Rovers and the Scotland national team. He is best known for his time at Liverpool. He played  His Liverpool trophies include four league titles, three FA Cups and a European Cup (1984). He now works for ESPN.

Nicol was born in Troon, South Ayrshire. He is married to Eleanor and has two children.

## Other websites

- Steve Nicol at LiverpoolFC.com

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Steve Nicol
- **image**: Steve Nicol at the 2005 MLS SuperDraft (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Nicol at the 2005 MLS SuperDraft
- **fullname**: Stephen Nicol
- **birth place**: Troon, Scotland
- **height**: 5 ft 10 in
- **position**: Right back
- **years1**: 1979–1981
- **clubs1**: Ayr United F.C., Ayr United
- **caps1**: 70
- **goals1**: 7
- **years2**: 1981–1994
- **clubs2**: Liverpool F.C., Liverpool
- **caps2**: 343
- **goals2**: 37
- **years3**: 1994–1996
- **clubs3**: Notts County F.C., Notts County
- **caps3**: 32
- **goals3**: 2
- **years4**: 1996–1998
- **clubs4**: Sheffield Wednesday F.C., Sheffield Wednesday
- **caps4**: 49
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 1998
- **clubs5**: → West Bromwich Albion F.C., West Bromwich Albion (loan)
- **caps5**: 9
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 1998–1999
- **clubs6**: Doncaster Rovers F.C., Doncaster Rovers
- **caps6**: 25
- **goals6**: 0
- **years7**: 1999–2001
- **clubs7**: Boston Bulldogs (soccer), Boston Bulldogs
- **caps7**: 41
- **goals7**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 569
- **totalgoals**: 46
- **nationalyears1**: 1981–1984
- **nationalteam1**: Scotland national under-21 football team, Scotland U-21
- **nationalcaps1**: 14
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 1984–1992
- **nationalteam2**: Scotland national football team, Scotland
- **nationalcaps2**: 27
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1995
- **managerclubs1**: Notts County F.C., Notts County
- **manageryears2**: 1999
- **managerclubs2**: New England Revolution (interim)
- **manageryears3**: 2000–2001
- **managerclubs3**: Boston Bulldogs (soccer), Boston Bulldogs
- **manageryears4**: 2002–2011
- **managerclubs4**: New England Revolution
Rádio Trânsito

**Rádio Trânsito** (currently known as **Rádio Trânsito Caçula de Pneus**) is a radio station in São Paulo, broadcasting in 92.1 FM since 12/2/2007, specializing in providing traffic and transit news of the capital and metropolitan region to its listeners.

The program of the station consists of live traffic information throughout São Paulo metropolitan area with information on alternative routes and where to avoid, as well as music between 22:00 and 6:00 (sometimes more on holidays and weekends). The listeners can collaborate with information on the transit through SMS, social networks and through a portal of voice over the telephone. The radio also has a partnership with the traffic app Waze.

## Name changes

- 12/2/2007-30/6/2016: _Rádio SulAmérica Trânsito_
- 30/6/2016-?: _Rádio Trânsito_
- Since ?: _Rádio Trânsito Caçula de Pneus_

## Infobox (radio station)

- **name**: ZYD 889
- **image**:
- **city**: Mogi das Cruzes
- **area**: Greater São Paulo, São Paulo metropolitan area
- **branding**: Rádio Trânsito Caçula de Pneus
- **slogan**: _Seu melhor caminho_
- **language**: Portuguese
- **power**: 60 kW
- **operator**: Grupo Bandeirantes de Comunicação
- **owner**: Rádio Metropolitana
- **licensee**: Rádio Metropolitana Paulista Ltda.
- **webcast**: [http://playersradios.band.uol.com.br/index.php?r=RadioTransito_RadioTransito Listen Live]
Chilcote

**Chilcote** is a village and civil parish in the North West Leicestershire district of Leicestershire, England. Until 1897 it was in Derbyshire. The parish had a population of 108 according to the 2001 census.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Chilcote
- **country**: England
- **region**: East Midlands
- **shire district**: North West Leicestershire
- **shire county**: Leicestershire
- **constituency westminster**: North West Leicestershire (UK Parliament constituency), North West Leicestershire
- **population**: 200
- **population ref**: (2011 Census)
- **static image name**: Chilcote Church - geograph.org.uk - 743739.jpg
- **static image caption**: Chilcote Parish Church
BandNews TV

**BandNews TV** is the first Brazilian 24-hour rolling news channel, owned by Grupo Bandeirantes. Its headquarters and newsroom are located in Sao Paulo. It was the second news channel launched in the Brazilian cable/satellite market.

BandNews TV is popular with people who may not have time to watch, or wait for, lengthy news reports. The channel broadcasts live and updated 15-minute news wheels throughout most hours of the day. In these reports there are 12 minutes of news and 3 minutes for other news-based segments, such as sports, fashion and cinema. It also broadcasts Jornal da Band Monday-Saturday nights at 8:30, right after the original broadcast on Band. BandNews is the third most watched Brazilian news channel and it was also the first Brazilian HD news network.

## Presenters

- Adriana Araújo
- Andressa Guaraná
- Cassius Zeilmann
- Débora Alfano
- Felipe Vieira
- Gustavo Carvalho
- Israel Goldstein
- Jean Gorinchteyn
- Juliana Rosa
- Lenny Leone
- Marco Antônio Sabino
- Mônica Bergamo
- Nelson Gomes
- Patrícia Rocha
- Paula Valdez
- Pierpaolo Bottini
- Regina Dourado
- Sérgio Waib
- Thaís Dias

## Type of newscasts

Since the channel's launch, every single newscast is aired directly from the newsroom, which has a circle table for anchors to speak to the camera.

### Live news bulletins

- _BandNews no Meio do Dia_
- _Entre Nós_ (with BandNews FM)
- _Expresso BandNews_
- _Jornal BandNews: 1ª Edição_
- _Jornal BandNews: 2ª Edição_
- _Jornal BandNews: Edição da Noite_
- _Jornal Gente_ (with Rádio Bandeirantes)
- _Manhã BandNews_
- _Madrugada BandNews_
- _O É da Coisa_ (with BandNews FM)
- _Tarde BandNews_
- _Fim de Semana BandNews_

### Magazines (can be recorded)

- _Jornal da Band_
- _Jornal da Noite_
- _Canal Livre_
- _Jornal Terraviva_
- _Conexão com The New York Times_
- _Economia Pra Você_
- _Giro Business_
- _Ponto a Ponto_
- _Viver Melhor_
- _Feiras $ Negocios_
- _Capital Natural_

## News tickers

- 2011-2016: It was divided in 3 blocks: First is a small, long, oval, dark blue bar, which shows the news headlines; Second is a white bar, shows running news headlines; Third is (from left to right): Ibovespa updates, today's date, BandNews logo, the current time, Dollar updates.
- 2016-?: The ticker is smaller. It has a small red box and a large blue box connecting to each other for news headlines the anchor speaks. Stick with them is a small white bar, providing short news. The time and date can now be seen at the upper left of the screen, and the logo is on upper right.
Direct reduced iron

**Direct reduced iron** is created when iron ore is burned in a bloomery. Direct reduced iron is also called sponge iron. Direct reduction is removing the oxygen from the ore. Gas and Coal are both used to burn iron. Using Direct Reduction to costs less than using blast furnaces. Direct Reduction is used more than blast furnaces. The country that makes the most Direct reduced iron is India.

## Problems

Direct reduced iron gets rust very easily. Direct reduced iron can light on fire easily. Direct reduced iron contains waste, which has to be removed before it can be turned into steel. Only a small amount of Direct reduced iron can be made at a time.

## History

Ancient Egyptians used direct reduced iron because it was easier to work with. Direct reduced iron can be made at a lower temperature.

## Uses

Direct reduced iron is not useful on its own. Before it is used, Direct reduced iron is beaten with hammers and folded many times to make Wrought Iron. The Wrought Iron is burned to make steel.