juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Stacy London

**Stacy London** (born May 25, 1969 in New York City, New York) is an American fashion consultant and media personality. She known best for her role as a co-host on the makeover reality program _What Not to Wear_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Stacy London
- **image**: Stacy London.jpg
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, United States
Kaiten

The ***Kaiten*** (Japanese: 回天, translated _"Change the World"_ or _"Reverse Destiny"_) was a torpedo that was changed to become a suicide weapon, and used by the Navy of the Empire of Japan in the last months of the Second World War. It was basically a torpedo with a pilot, and it could be thrown from a submarine or a ship.

The _Kaiten_ was not very effective. Out of more or less 100 attacks made with them, only two enemy ships were sunk.

## Related pages

- Submarine
- Kamikaze
- Ohka

## Other websites

- Kaiten Memorial Museum
- Kamikaze Submarine
- USS Bowfin Submarine Museum & Park
- US Navy Historical Center
- Pictorial account of types 1 and 2 kaitens
- The Kaiten Mark II at the New Jersey Naval Museum in Hackensack, NJ
- Humantorpedo 回天 _Kaiten_ (Japanese)
Blanket

A **blanket** is a large, usually rectangular piece of cloth, generally used on a bed over a sheet to keep the sleeping person warm. Some blankets are knitted or crocheted while others are made of two layers of cloth sewn together with stuffing in the middle. Blankets can be made with hollow fibre or feathers.

Other names for blankets are quilts, duvets, and comforters, depending on their thickness, construction and/or stuffing.

The word blanket probably came from the 14th century. A special kind of fabric called Blanket fabric was created by a Flemish weaver who lived in Bristol, England.

## Uses

Blankets may also be used on the ground for a picnic or other places where people want to sit without their clothing getting dirty or wet.

Firefighters use a special fire blanket to protect household items such as chairs from water damage.

## Types of blankets

Electric blankets are heated by electricity. Blankets were traditionally made of wool because it is warm, naturally fire-retardant, and allows air to circulate well, while today synthetic fibers are frequently used. Throw blankets are smaller blankets, often in decorative colors and patterns, that can be used for extra warmth outside of bed.

Other kinds are horse blankets, used to keep horses warm, and saddle blankets, used to prevent the horse's saddle from rubbing on its skin.

Blanket terminology is also used in the printing industry. A blanket is a rubber coating over different layer of compressible material. It wraps around a cylinder and insures transfer of ink form the printed material (where the image is ink defined) to the paper. Blankets are used for offset, gravure, flexo, etc.
Crochet

**Crochet** is a way of creating fabric from yarn or thread using a crochet hook to pull loops of yarn through other loops.  It is similar to knitting, except that usually only one loop is active at one time, and that a crochet hook is used instead of knitting needles.  Also, crochet can not be made by machine.  Crochet uses more yarn than knitting but is faster to make by hand.

Crochet is used to make clothing, household items like tablecloths, blankets and potholders, and toys. Lace is often made by crocheting, though it can be made by knitting and weaving as well.

Crocheting is also a great craft for younger children.  The stitches are easy and their small hands are able to hold the crochet hook.  They are also able to see progress very quickly and that motivates them to continue.  It is very easy to start again after setting the project down, which will help to keep young people involved in the craft.

### Basic

- **ch:** chain stitch
- **yoh:** yarn over hook
- **bl:** back loops
- **fl:** front loops
- **rs:** right side
- **ws:** wrong side
- **sc:** single crochet
- **dc:** double crochet
- **tc:** triple crochet
- **sk **or** sk st:** skip stitch
- **sl st:** slip stitch
- **rnd:** round(s)
- ***:** repeat instructions following the "*"

### Advanced

- **bp:** back post
- **fp:** front post
- **bpdc:** back post double crochet
- **fpdc:** front post double crochet
- **tog:** together
- **dc2tog:** double crochet 2 stitches together
- **hdc:** half double crochet
- **dec:** decrease

## US and UK Terminologies

The US and the UK use different names for the same crochet stitches. If you are using a pattern, make sure you know if it uses US or UK terminology so you read it correctly.

Here are the main differences.
|US Name|UK Name|
| --- | --- |
|Single crochet (sc)|Double crochet (dc)|
|Double crochet (dc)|Treble crochet (tr)|
|Treble crochet (tr)|Double treble crochet (dtr)|

## Other websites

- Learn to crochet: 5 basic crochet stitches
- Learn to crochet: Stitch Variations
- UK to US crochet conversion chart
Weaving

**Weaving** is the interlacing of two sets of threads at right angles to each other to form cloth. Weaving is usually done on a loom.

One set of threads is called the _warp_. These threads are held taut and in parallel order on the loom by _harnesses_ creating a space called the _shed_. The _weft_ thread is wound onto _bobbins_. In old-fashioned hand weaving the bobbins are held in a _shuttle_, which carries the weft thread through the shed. The warp threads are moved over and under the weft threads. Modern high speed weaving does not use a shuttle.
Loom

A **loom** is a machine for weaving thread or yarn into textiles. Looms can range from very small hand-held frames, to large free-standing hand looms, to huge automatic mechanical devices.

The invention of the power loom by Edmund Cartwright was very important in the Industrial Revolution.
Sweater

A **sweater** is a piece of clothing worn on the upper body to keep the person warm. Sweaters are usually knitted or crocheted. Other names for sweaters are **pullover**, **jersey**, or **jumper**. Sweaters that open in the front are often called _cardigans_. They are named after James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, a British general during the Crimean War, who led the famous charge of the Light Brigade. Sweaters without sleeves are often called _vests_.  Sweaters can be worn all year long for comfort and warmth.

de:Sweatshirt
Scarf

A **scarf** is a piece of fabric worn on or near the head or around the neck for warmth, cleanliness, fashion or for religious reasons. Neck scarves are usually knitted or crocheted, while headscarves are usually woven.

Many Muslim women wear a headscarf known as a hijab. In the Persian Gulf Region it is called a sheila.
Battle of the Philippine Sea

The **Battle of the Philippine Sea** was an important naval battle of the Second World War between the navies of the United States and Japan. This battle took place on June 19 and 20, 1944 near the Mariana Islands, and involved two big naval forces and many Japanese aircraft from bases on land. The battle was a great defeat for the Japanese Navy, which lost three aircraft carriers and some 600 aircraft in two days of combat. This happened because the Japanese airplanes were getting old and their pilots had little training, compared to the more modern and better trained American forces. After the battle, the Japanese Navy was almost completely destroyed. This victory for Allied forces opened the door for the invasion of Iwo Jima.

## Other websites

- Order of  Battle - The Battle of the Phillipine Sea: 19-20 June 1944
- WW2DB: The Marianas and the Great Turkey Shoot
- Animated History of The Battle of the Philippine Sea
- Air Group 31's participation in the Battle of the Philippine Sea

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **partof**: the Pacific War of World War II
- **conflict**: Battle of the Philippine Sea
- **image**: Japanese aircraft carrier Zuikaku and two destroyers under attack on 20 June 1944 (80-G-238025).jpg
- **caption**: The carrier Japanese aircraft carrier Zuikaku, _Zuikaku_ (center) and two destroyers under attack by U.S. Navy carrier aircraft, June 20, 1944
- **date**: June 19–20, 1944
- **place**: The Philippine Sea
- **result**: Decisive American victory
- **combatant1**: United States Navy United States Fifth Fleet, Fifth Fleet
- **combatant2**: Imperial Japanese Navy Combined Fleet
- **commander1**: Raymond A. Spruance
- **commander2**: Jisaburō Ozawa
 Kakuji Kakuta
- **strength1**: 7 fleet carriers,
8 light carriers,
7 battleships,
79 other ships,
28 submarines,
956 planes
- **strength2**: 5 fleet carriers,
4 light carriers,
5 battleships,
43 other ships,
450 carrier-based planes,
300 land-based planes
- **casualties1**: 123 planes destroyed (about 80 of whose crews survived)
- **casualties2**: 3 fleet carriers sunk,
2 oilers sunk,
about 600 planes destroyed,
6 other ships heavily damaged
Tengiz

**Tengiz** is a lake in Kazakhstan, Kostanay oblast near Russia. This lake has an area of about 1950 km<sup>2</sup>.
Aike

**Aike** is a lake on the border between Kazakhstan and Russia. The lake has an area of about . The village of Terensay is on the coast of the lake. The lake is at

## Infobox (lake)

- **lake name**: Lake Aike
- **image lake**: AikeLake.jpg
- **caption lake**: Lake Aike from the Kazakhstan side
- **basin countries**: Kazakhstan, Russia
- **cities**: Terensay
Tamgaly

**Tamgaly** is a lake in Kazakhstan, in South Kazakhstan oblast. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site where petroglyphs (rock pictures) have been found.
Union Cycliste Internationale

The **International Cycling Union** (_Union Cycliste_ _Internationale_ or the **UCI**) is the governing body of bicycle racing in the world.  It sets out rules for bicycle design, and types of races.  The UCI also issues licences to racing teams which gives them permission to compete in one of the ranks or _tours_.

## The Tour grades

The ProTour is the highest grade, the 20 best teams are in the _UCI ProTour_, and all of the races are in Europe.

There are also five Continental Circuits (one each for Europe, Africa, Oceania, Asia, and the Americas).  They are the next highest grade after the UCI ProTour. The circuits were designed by UCI to encourage cycle racing outside the European continent, where it is most popular and where the three Grand Tour stage races Vuelta Ciclista a España, Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia are run. The Grand Tours are part of the ProTour
Ashchikol

**Ashchikol** is a lake in Kazakhstan, in Kyzylorda oblast. It is near the north border of the country.

## Other websites

- Ashchikol - Google Explorer Expert
Kajbagar

**Kajbagar** is a lake in Kustanay Oblast, Kazakhstan. Kushmurun Lake is about  to the west.
Milk Marketing Board

The **Milk Marketing Board** was an agency of the British government.

The Board bought all of the milk in England and Wales from  dairy farmers and passed it on to be processed and sold.  This way small farmers always got a fair price, because no big producer could sell their milk more cheaply.

The Board was first set up in 1933.  In 1933 and 1934 three other boards were set up for Scotland and one for Northern Ireland in 1955.

From 1958 until it was abolished the Milk Marketing Board paid money for the Tour of Britain bicycle race, which was called "The Milk Race".

## Other websites

History of the Milk Marketing Boards
Grand vizier

**Grand Vizier**, Sadr-ı Azam (Sadrazam) or Serdar-ı Ekrem (in Ottoman Turkish "صدر اعظم" or "وزیر اعظم"), was the most important minister of the Sultan. The Grand Vizier had absolute power of attorney and could only be removed by the Sultan. He held the imperial seal and he could gather all other viziers to attend meetings regarding state affairs. The title is derived originally from the Persian word "Vizier" (وزير). The title of Grand Vizier corresponds to that of a prime minister.

## Related pages

- List of Ottoman Grand Viziers
1446

## Events of 1446

- Portuguese navigator, Álvaro Fernandes, reaches the mouth of the Geba River in Guinea-Bissau.
- The Precious Belt Bridge in China is fully rebuilt.
- The troops of Francesco Piccinino and Luigi dal Vermebesiege Cremona, Italy.
- The _Hunmin Jeongeum_is published in Korea, starting the Hangul alphabet.
- Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, abdicates. His father, Murad II becomes Sultan.
- December 10 – Murad II destroys the Hexamillion wall, opening the Morea to Ottoman invasion.

## Births

- May 3 – Margaret of Burgundy, wife of Charles I, Duke of Burgundy (died 1503)
- Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros, English politician (died 1508)
- Alexander Agricola, Flemish composer (probable) (died 1506)
- William Grocyn, English scholar (probable) (died 1519)
- Pietro Perugino, Italian painter (probable) (died 1524)

## Deaths

- April 15 – Filippo Brunelleschi, Italian architect (born 1377)
- May 9 – Mary of Enghien, Queen of Naples (born 1367)
- May 24 – Ambroise de Loré, Baron of Ivry (born 1396)
- December 28 – Antipope Clement VIII
- Vittorino da Feltre, Italian humanist (born 1378)
Köprülü family

The **Köprülü family** was an Ottoman noble family with origins from Albania. The family provided six Ottoman Grand Viziers. Several other family members became high-ranking Ottoman officers.

## Köprülü Grand Viziers

|Name|Lived in|Grand Vizier in|Sultan(s)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Köprülü Mehmet Pasha|1583–1661|1656–1661|Mehmed IV|
|Köprülü Fazıl Ahmet Pasha|1635–1676|1661–1676|Mehmed IV|
|Kara Mustafa Pasha<sup>1</sup>|1634–1683|1676–1683|Mehmed IV, Suleiman II|
|Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha|1637–1691|1689–1691|Suleiman II, Ahmed II|
|Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha|died in 1702|1697–1702|Mustafa II|
|Köprülü Numan Pasha|died in 1719|1710–1711|Ahmed III|
|Köprülü Abdullah Pasha|died in 1735|1723–1735|Ahmed III, Mahmud I|
1281

## Births

- Richard De Bury, English statesman (died 1345)
- Castruccio Castracani, duke of Lucca (died 1328)
- Yuri III Danilovich, Grand Prince of Russia (died 1325)
- Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (died 1345)
- Hamdollah Mostowfi, Ilkhanid Iranian historian (died 1349)
- Rudolph I of Bohemia (died 1307)

## Deaths

- Ertuğrul, father of Osman I (born 1198)
- Traidenis, Grand Prince of Lithuania
1283

## Births

- Date uncertain – Margaret, the Maid of Norway (died 1290)

## Deaths

- January 9 – Wen Tianxiang, Chinese prime minister (executed, born 1236)
- October 3 – Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Welsh Prince of Gwynedd (executed)
- Philip, Crown Prince of Constantinople, Persian poet (born 1243)
- Piotr z Bogorii i Skotnik, Polish nobleman
1287

## Births

- January 24 – Richard Aungerville, English writer and bishop (died 1345)
- April 25 – Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, de facto ruler of England (died 1330)
- Robert III of Artois

## Deaths

- April 3 – Pope Honorius IV
- August 31 – Konrad von Würzburg, German poet
- October 19 – Bohemund VII of Tripoli
- Llywelyn ap Dafydd, a Welsh prince, in his prison at Bristol Castle
- Hu Sansheng, Chinese historian (born 1230)
Ashley Tisdale

**Ashley Michelle Tisdale** (born July 2, 1985) is an American actress, singer and producer. She is known for co-starring in the movies _High School Musical_, _High School Musical 2_ and _High School Musical 3_. She played candy counter girl Maddie Fitzpatrick on the Disney Channel television series _The Suite Life of Zack & Cody._ _S_he also voiced Candace Flynn in the animated series _Phineas and Ferb_.

She began singing and acting at an early age. Her first studio album was called _Headstrong._ Some of her songs are _"_Be Good to Me_", "_Headstrong_", "_Not that Girl_" and "_Over It_". _Her second album was _Guilty Pleasure. _The songs on it include "It's Alright It's Okay", "Hot Mess", "Hair" and "Crank it Up".

Her sister Jennifer Tisdale is also an actress and model. Her parents are Mike Tisdale and Lisa Tisdale.

### Animated roles

- _All Dogs Go to Heaven: The Series_ - Additional Voices
- _American Dad!_ - Amy Reed
- _Family Guy_ - Priscilla
- _Kim Possible_ - Camille Leon
- _Phineas and Ferb_ - Candace Flynn, Princess Baldegunde
- _The Powerpuff Girls_ - Tanya-corn
- _Robot Chicken_ - Little Orphan Annie, Oliver Twist, Pippi Longstocking
- _Skylanders Academy_ - Stealth Elf
- _The Cleveland Show_ - Lacey Stapleton

### Film roles

- _Aliens in the Attic_ - Bethany Pearson
- _A Bug's Life_ - Lead Blueberry Scout
- _An All Dogs Christmas Carol_ - Additional Voices
- _Birds of Paradise_ - Aurora
- _Charming_ - Cinderella
- _High School Musical_ - Sharpay Evans
- _High School Musical 2_ - Sharpay Evans
- _High School Musical 3: Senior Year_ - Sharpay Evans
- _Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure_ - Sharpay Evans
- _Getaway -_ Kate
- _Whisper of the Heart_ - Yūko Harada

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **instrument**: Vocals


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ashley Tisdale
- **image**: Ashley Tisdale 6, 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Tisdale in 2012
- **children**: 2
- **birth place**: Monmouth County, New Jersey, U.S.
- **birth name**: Ashley Michelle Tisdale
- **relations**: Jennifer Tisdale (sister)
- **years active**: 1997–present
Angela Beesley Starling

**Angela Beesley Starling** (born on August 3, 1977) is a British web entrepreneur. She started as a volunteer editor at the English Wikipedia in February 2003. In June 2004, she was elected to the board of the Wikimedia Foundation and re-elected in July 2005.

She worked with Jimmy Wales and started Wikia (Now known as Fandom) with him. She was the vice-president of Wikia until 2012, when she left the company.

She is married to Tim Starling.

## Other websites

- https://a.nge.la
Derby (horse race)

**Derby** is a type of race for horses. The race is named after Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby. A Derby only allows a certain age of horse to race. Most Derbies in the United States and the United Kingdom require the horse be three years old to race. So if the horse misses the Kentucky Derby when he is three, he will not get another chance to race in it. Derbies in other countries sometimes require the horse to be four years old.

## Famous derbies

- Epsom Derby
- Kentucky Derby
Reef

A **reef** is a rock, sandbar, or other feature below the water surface (less than 80 meters below low water).

The best-known reefs are the coral reefs in tropical waters. They are built by corals and calcareous algae. Artificial reefs such as shipwrecks are sometimes created to attract fish and other organisms.
Luba Goy

**Luba Goy** (born 8 November 1945 in  Germany) is now a Canadian comedienne and a Canadian television star.  She is of Ukrainian descent. She was probably best known as one of the stars of the Canadian comedy show _Royal Canadian Air Farce_.
Tina Fey

**Elizabeth Stamatina** "**Tina**" **Fey** (; born May 18, 1970) is an American actress, comedienne, writer, and producer. She has received seven Emmy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, four Screen Actors Guild Awards, and four Writers Guild of America Awards. She was called the performer who had the greatest impact on culture and entertainment in 2008 by the Associated Press. They gave her their AP Entertainer of the Year award.

Fey graduated from the University of Virginia in 1992. She then moved to Chicago to take classes at the improvisational comedy group The Second City. She became a featured player there in 1994. Three years later, Fey became a writer for the sketch comedy show _Saturday Night Live_ (_SNL_). She was promoted to the position of head writer in 1999. The following year, Fey was added to the cast of _SNL_. During her time there, she was co-anchor of the show's _Weekend Update_. After leaving _SNL_ in 2006, she created her own television series called _30 Rock_. The show is a situation comedy somewhat based on her experiences at _SNL_. In the show, Fey plays the head writer of a fictional sketch comedy series.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Tina Fey
- **image**: TinaFey-byPhilipRomano.jpg
- **caption**: Fey in 2022
- **birthname**: Elizabeth Stamatina Fey
- **birth place**: Upper Darby Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, comedienne, writer, producer
- **yearsactive**: 1998–present
- **spouse**: Jeff Richmond (m. 2001–present)
Ashley Leggat

**Ashley Margaret Anne Leggat** (born September 26, 1986) is a Canadian actress who is known for her roles as "Casey MacDonald" in the Canadian series _Life with Derek_. She is close friends with her television co-star Michael Seater. She has four older brothers. She is also a supporter of anti-bullying along with Michael Seater.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Ashley Leggat
- **birth place**: Hamilton, Ontario
- **known for**: Playing "Casey MacDonald" in _Life with Derek_
Murder of Jessica Lunsford

**Jessica Marie Lunsford** (October 6, 1995 – February 27, 2005) was an American nine-year-old girl   who was abducted from her home in Homosassa, Florida on February 24, 2005, then raped and murdered by 46-year-old John Couey, a known sex offender.

The media covered the investigation and trial of her killer extensively. On August 24, 2007, a judge in Inverness, Florida sentenced Couey, a convicted sex offender, to death for kidnapping, raping and murdering her.  On September 30, 2009, before the sentences could be carried out, Couey died of natural causes.

Lunsford's murder influenced the legislation in Florida known as "_Jessica's Law_". It is designed to protect potential victims and reduce a sexual offender's ability to re-offend. It has influenced legislation in forty-two other states.
Puncak Jaya

**Puncak Jaya** is a  mountain in New Guinea. It the highest mountain in Oceania. It is also called the **Carstensz Pyramid**.

The mountain was first named the Carstensz Pyramid, after Jan Carstenszoon. He was a Dutch explorer who saw the glaciers on it in 1623. Then in 1963 the name was changed to Sukarno Peak by Indonesia, and then later to Puncak Jaya.

Puncak Jaya is thought of by some as the hardest to climb of the Seven Summits. The first people to reach the top were Heinrich Harrer, Philip Temple, Russell Kippax, and Albertus Huizenga, in 1962. An earlier group were first thought to reach the top in 1936. However, at the time it was not known which summit was the highest. They were able to climb two peaks but not what is now known to be the highest one.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Puncak Jaya
- **other name**: Carstensz Pyramid
- **photo**: Puncakjaya.jpg
- **photo caption**: Peak of Puncak Jaya
- **prominence m**: 4884
- **prominence ref**:
<small>List of peaks by prominence, Ranked 9th</small>
- **map**: Indonesia Papua
- **map size**: 270
- **label position**: bottom
- **listing**: Seven Summits
List of countries by highest point, Country high point
Ultra prominent peak, Ultra
Ribu
- **location**: Central Papua, Indonesia
- **range**: Sudirman Range
- **first ascent**: 1962 by Harrer, Temple, Kippax and Huizenga
- **easiest route**: rock/snow/ice climb
Raviv Ullman

**Raviv "Ricky" Ullman** (, born on January 24, 1986 in Eilat) is an Israeli-American actor. He played Phil Diffy in the Disney Channel show _Phil of the Future_.

## Early life

He was born in Israel to American parents, Laura and Brain Ullman. After his first birthday his family moved to Connecticut. When he went to camp he played Peter Pan in a show. This made him discover his talent in acting, singing, and dancing.

He eventually taught himself how to play the drums. He graduated from Fairfield Warde High School. Now he lives in South Carolina.
Homosassa, Florida

**Homosassa** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Citrus County, Florida, United States. The population was 2,299 at the 2020 census.
Jaws (movie)

***Jaws*** is a 1975 American thriller movie directed by Steven Spielberg. It is based on the novel _Jaws_ by Peter Benchley.

The events of the movie are set in the small, quiet, fictional seaside resort of Amity, Massachusetts. The movie follows three men as they try to capture and kill a great white shark that is threatening the town on Independence Day. The movie follows Martin Brody, the slightly unheroic local sheriff who must decide whether to follow his instinct to shut the beach for safety reasons or keep the beach open to help the local tourist economy. Matt Hooper, a marine biologist, and Quint, the local shark hunter, help Brody to overcome his fears of the water and stop the great white shark attacks. It has three sequels: _Jaws 2_, _Jaws 3_, and _Jaws: The Revenge_.

## Awards

_Jaws_ won three Academy Awards for Best Film Editing, Best Original Dramatic Score, and Best Sound. It was also nominated for Best Picture, losing to _One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest_. Along with the Oscar, John Williams's score won the Grammy Award, the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, and the Golden Globe Award. To her Academy Award, Verna Fields added the American Cinema Editors' Eddie Award for Best Edited Feature Film.

_Jaws_ was chosen Favorite Movie at the People's Choice Awards. It was also nominated for best Film, Director, Actor (Richard Dreyfuss), Editing, Screenplay and Sound at the 29th British Academy Film Awards, and Best Film—Drama, Director, and Screenplay at the 33rd Golden Globe Awards. Spielberg was nominated by the Directors Guild of America for a DGA Award. The Writers Guild of America nominated Peter Benchley and Carl Gottlieb's script for Best Adapted Drama.

In 2001, the United States Library of Congress selected it for the National Film Registry. In 2006, its screenplay was ranked the 63rd best of all time by the Writers Guild of America.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Jaws
- **image**: JAWS logo.svg
- **caption**: The official _Jaws_ logo
- **director**: Steven Spielberg
- **music**: John Williams
- **cinematography**: Bill Butler (cinematographer), Bill Butler
- **editing**: Verna Fields
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
- **runtime**: 124 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $9 million
- **gross**: $472 million
Nostalgia

**Nostalgia** is an emotion. It is the feeling of enjoying events from the past. People with nostalgia will often look at or use old things that they were familiar with years ago. This is because people feel more connected to those past times that they enjoyed, usually because it reminds them of how long it has been since they last connected to such past times. Examples where people may have the feeling of nostalgia includes watching old TV shows, using old technology that was very enjoyable, and playing with toys that you played with as a child. These memories are usually misleading, and can make someone wish that they could be young again, even if their childhood was mediocre. Human brains often leave out boring or bad memories, which can cause incorrect feelings about their childhood.

During the early Greek times, nostalgia was treated as a mental condition primarily based on extreme homesickness. In modern times, however, nostalgia is treated as a separate emotion. Nostalgia is often associated with positive feelings, often associated with positive memories of the past. The feeling of nostalgia often helps improve the mood of the person who is experiencing nostalgia. It also makes the person feel more connected to society. It can make the person feel more aware about living life to the best. Nostalgia is also shown to help reinforce memories, as well as assist with learning.

Animals, such as cats and dogs, can also feel nostalgia.

## Related pages

- Homesickness
- Retro
- Sentimentality
Alcazar (band)

**Alcazar** is a Swedish pop group who had a string of hit singles during the early 2000s decade and are continuing successfully today.

Alcazar have taken part in the _Melodifestivalen_, the competition that selects Sweden's entry in the Eurovision Song Contest three imes. In 2003 _Not A Sinner, Nor A Saint_ came third overall. But it became the biggest hit of all the songs in Melodifestivalen 2003 and won the National Finals Song Contest. It became Alcazar's first #1 single in Sweden and did sell gold. In 2005 _Alcastar_ failed to qualify for the final automatically, but eventually made it through after a second chance semi-final.  However, the group again had to settle for third in the final, which was won by Martin Stenmarck's song _Las Vegas_. But the song became a hit and only needed three days in stores to became Alcazar's second #1 single in Sweden. In 2009 their _Stay the night_ came fourth in TV-voting and fifth overall.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Alcazar
- **img**: Alcazar 2009.jpg
- **img capt**: Alcazar performing at Sommarkrysset
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Sweden
- **genre**: Eurodance, Nu-disco, Pop music, Pop, Pop music, Dance-pop, Europop, Schlager
- **years active**: 1998–2005
 2007–2011
- **label**: Universal Records, Universal, Sony Music, Sony, Edel Music, Edel
- **url**: [http://www.alcazarworld.com Alcazar World]
- **current members**: Andreas Lundstedt<small>(1998-2005, 2007-2011)</small>
Therese Merkel, Therese "Tess" Merkel<small>(1998-2005, 2007-2011)</small>
Lina Hedlund<small>(2007-2011)</small>
- **past members**: Annika Kjærgaard<small>(1998-2005)</small>
Magnus Carlsson<small>(2002-2005)</small>
Julie Andrews

**Dame Julie Andrews**  (born **Julia Elizabeth Wells**; 1 October 1935) is a British actress, dancer, singer and writer. She was born in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. Andrews was a child actress and singer. She appeared on the West End in 1988. She made her Broadway debut in _The Boy Friend_ in 1994. She starred in the stage musicals _My Fair Lady_ and _Camelot_ with real success. In 2007, she appeared on television in the musical _Cinderella_. She has also been author to two of her own memoirs.

Andrews made her movie debut in _Mary Poppins_ in 1964. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for this performance. She appeared in _The Sound of Music_ in 1965. Between 1964 and 1967, Andrews appeared in _The Americanization of Emily_, _Hawaii_, _Torn Curtain_, and _Thoroughly Modern Millie_. In the 1990s, Andrews had a few commercial disappointments before appearing successfully in _10_ (1999) and _Victor/Victoria_ (2002). Her career sagged in the 2000s. Her voice was damaged by a throat operation in 2007.

Andrews appeared successfully in dramatic roles in _The Princess Diaries_ in 2001, and its sequel _The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement_ in 2004. She had voice roles in the _Shrek_ animated movies. In 2003 and again in 2005, Andrews directed revivals of her first Broadway hit, _The Boy Friend_, in New York and Connecticut. Andrews has also written children's books. In 2008, she published her autobiography, _Home: A Memoir of My Early Years_. Andrews has received many awards during her career including an Academy Award, Emmy Award, Golden Globe Award, Grammy Award, BAFTA, People's Choice Award, Theatre World Award, and Screen Actors Guild honors. In 2000, she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) by Elizabeth II for services to the performing arts.

## Movie list

- _Mary Poppins_ (1964)
- _The Americanization of Emily_ (1964)
- _The Sound of Music_ (1965)
- _Hawaii_ (1966)
- _Torn Curtain_ (1966)
- _Thoroughly Modern Millie_ (1967)
- _Star!_ (1968)
- _Darling Lili_ (1970)
- _The Tamarind Seed_ (1974)
- _10_ (1979)
- _Little Miss Marker_ (1980)
- _S.O.B._ (1981)
- _Viktor/Viktoria_ (1982)
- _The Princess Diaries_ (2001)
- _Shrek 2_ (2003)
- _The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement_ (2004)
- _Shrek the Third_ (2007)
- _Enchanted_ (2007)
- Shrek Forever After (2010)
- _Despicable Me_ (2010)
- Despicable Me 2 (2013)
- Minions (2015)
- Despicable Me 3 (2017)
- Minions: The Rise of Gru (2022)
- Despicable Me 4 (2024)
- Minions 3 (2026)
- Shrek 5 (2026)
- Despicable Me 5 (2028)

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific-prefix**: Dame
- **name**: Julie Andrews
- **honorific suffix**: <small>Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire, DBE</small>
- **image**: Julie Andrews Park Hyatt, Sydney, Australia 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Andrews in 2003
- **birth name**: Julia Elizabeth Wells
- **birth place**: Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, England
- **nationality**: British
- **occupation**: Actress, singer, author, theatre director, dancer
- **years active**: 1985–present <small>(stage)</small>
1989–present <small>(screen)</small>
- **spouse**:
 <small>(his death)</small>
- **children**: 3
Mount

__NOTOC__
**Mount** has three main meanings.

## Mountain

"Mount" is often used to mean "mountain", as part of a name e.g. Mount Vesuvius, Mount McKinley, Mount Everest.

## Mount as a verb

To "mount" something means to put it onto something else.

- An artist mounts his paintings on cardboard. An architect mounts his models on foamcore.
- A camera is mounted on a tripod. A gun is mounted on the deck of a ship.
- A rider mounts a horse. A gymnast mounts the balance beam for a display.
- A male animal mounts a female animal to have sexual intercourse.

## Mount as a noun

A "mount" is a thing for mounting something on.

It might be a piece of equipment such as:
- A lens mount for a camera. This is the part of the camera that is made specially so that lenses can be attached.

It might be a piece of stiff flat "backing" such as:
- A mount for a stuffed animal. This is a piece of polished wood that a stuffed animal can be fixed to, for display.
- A picture mount. This is a piece of cardboard which a photograph or other picture is attached to.

It might be an animal:
- "Frederick's mount was a fine black horse, Ernest's mount was a chestnut mare, Clumsy Jack's mount was a skinny old goat."

## Mount in computing and software

- Mount (in computing), the process of making a file system accessible
- Mount Unix, the utility in Unix-like operating systems which mounts file systems
- Mount (streaming), a concept used in streaming software programs
Odoacer

**Odoacer** (Flavius Odoacrus/Odovacar/Odowaker/Odoacer; born c. 430 † probably  March 15, 493 in Ravenna) was a soldier of Germanic descent in the army of the Western Roman Empire.

When he forced the last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus, to quit his throne in 476, Odoacer became King of Italy. That event is considered by historians to be the end of ancient history and the beginning of the Middle Ages. After a rule of 17 years, Odoacer was killed in 493, at around the age of 63, by Ostrogothic King Theodoric the Great.
Alexios I Komnenos

**Alexios I Komnenos** or **Alexius I Comnenus** (; ; 1048 – August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081–1118), was the son of John Komnenos and Anna Dalassena. He was the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057–1059). The military, financial and territorial recovery of the Byzantine Empire known as Komnenian restoration began in his time.
Slayer

**Slayer** is an American thrash metal band that began in California in 1981. The band was started guitarists Jeff Hanneman and Kerry King, as well as drummer Dave Lombardo and bassist/singer Tom Araya. Slayer is one of the "Big Four" of thrash metal music, along with Metallica, Anthrax and Megadeth.

Slayer's music has a fast and angry heavy metal style. The words to the band's songs are about murderers, Satan, religion, racism and war. Singing about these things gave the band a lot of controversy. Their music has inspired many other bands. Their third album, _Reign in Blood_, has been called one of the heaviest thrash metal albums.

Slayer has released ten studio albums, two live albums and a box-set. Four of the band's albums have been certified gold by the RIAA. The band has been the top band at many large music festivals around the world and their music has been added to many video games.

### Current members

- Tom Araya – Lead vocals, bass (1981–present)
- Kerry King – Guitar (1981–present)
- Paul Bostaph – Drums (1992–1996, 1997–2001, 2013–present)
- Gary Holt – Guitar (2011–present)

### Former members

- Jeff Hanneman – Guitar (1981–2013)
- Dave Lombardo – Drums (1981–1986, 1987–1992, 2001–2013)
- Tony Scaglione – Drums (1986–1987)
- Jon Dette – Drums (1996–1997, 2013)

### Albums

- _Show No Mercy_ (1983)
- _Hell Awaits_ (1985)
- _Reign in Blood_ (1986)
- _South of Heaven_ (1988)
- _Seasons in the Abyss_ (1990)
- _Divine Intervention_ (1994)
- _Undisputed Attitude_ (1996)
- _Diabolus in Musica_ (1998)
- _God Hates Us All_ (2001)
- _Christ Illusion_ (2006)
- _World Painted Blood_ (2009)
- _Repentless_ (2015)

## Other websites

- Slayer's official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Slayer
- **background**: group_or_band
- **image**: Hellfest2017Slayer 02.jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **caption**: Slayer at Hellfest (French music festival), Hellfest 2017. From left to right: Gary Holt (musician), Gary Holt, Tom Araya and Kerry King.
- **origin**: Huntington Park, California, U.S.
- **genre**: Thrash metal
- **years active**: 1981–2019
- **past members**: * Kerry King
* Tom Araya
* Jeff Hanneman
* Dave Lombardo
* Paul Bostaph
* Jon Dette
* Gary Holt (musician), Gary Holt
Megadeth

**Megadeth** is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California. Dave Mustaine started the band in 1983 after Metallica fired him. Megadeth is a member of the "Big Four" in thrash metal along with Metallica, Slayer and Anthrax. The band's music is complex. It has a fast tempo and difficult guitar solos.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Megadeth
- **img**: Megadeth in Haapsalu 2010.JPG
- **img size**: 300
- **img capt**: Megadeth playing at a concert in 2010
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Los Angeles, California, United States, US
- **years active**: 1983–2002, 2004–present
- **url**: [http://www.Megadeth.com/ www.megadeth.com]
- **current members**: Dave Mustaine
James LoMenzo
Teemu Mäntysaari
Dirk Verbeuren
- **past members**: List of Megadeth band members#No longer in Megadeth, See list
- **alt**: Megadeth playing music at a concert in 2010
Bonnaroo Music Festival

The **Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival** is an annual four-day music festival held in Manchester, Tennessee.  It is held by Superfly Productions and AC Entertainment. It was first put together in 2002.  The show's main features are the multiple stages. The two main stages—the "What" stage and the "Which" stage—provide most of the performances.

The music that is heard comes in a wide variety, including world music, hip hop, jazz, americana, bluegrass, country music, folk, gospel, reggae, electronica, and other alternative music.

There was no festival in 2020 because of COVID-19 pandemic.
Pol'and'Rock Festival

**Pol'and'Rock Festival** (formerly _Przystanek Woodstock_) is a weekend-long music festival in Poland that has been held once a year since 1995.  The festival is named for and was inspired by the Woodstock Festival (**Przystanek Woodstock** is Polish for _Woodstock Station_).  Its motto is "Love, Friendship and Music."  It is organized by a foundation called the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity.  Drugs are prohibited, but not everyone follows this rule.

The festival has been held in the town of Kostrzyn nad Odrą since 2004.
Headband

A **headband** (also known as a **headwrap**) is an accessory. It is made to fit over or around the head, usually to hold hair away from the face or sweat out of the eyes.

It may be made of many different materials, like plastic or elastic fabric. They come in many shapes and sizes and are used for both practical and fashion reasons.

## Related pages

- Alice band
Cornflower

The **cornflower** (_Centaurea cyanus_) is also called **bachelor's button**, or **basket flower**. It is an annual flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It originated in Europe, but has been taken to many other places like Australia. It bears flowers once a year.

It is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. Several cultivars have been selected with varying pastel colours, including pink and purple. The flower gives its name to the characteristic blue colour.

## Other websites

- Flora Europaea: _Centaurea cyanus_
- UK Biodiversity Action Plan: _Centaurea cyanus_
Axel jump

An **Axel jump** is a jump in figure skating. It is the most famous and recognizable skating jump. It starts with the skater going forward. It is the only jump that does and that helps people know that the jump is an Axel jump. Because all skating jumps are landed going backwards, the Axel jump has an extra half rotation (full circle) in the air than all other skating jumps.

## History

The jump was named after Axel Paulsen of Norway, who invented the jump.

### Performances

The first skater to do a double Axel in competition was Dick Button, and Carol Heiss Jenkins was the first woman to do it. The first skater to do a triple Axel in competition was Vern Taylor. The first woman to do it was Midori Ito.

The first pairs skater to do a _throw triple Axel_ (he helps her with the jump) were Rena Inoue & John Baldwin. It is not known who did the first _throw double Axel_.

## Methods

The Axel can be a single Axel (1 and a half rotations in the air), a double Axel (two and a half rotations in the air), or a triple Axel (three and a half rotations in the air). Most junior men and senior skaters can do a double Axel.

Many senior-level male skaters do a triple Axel. As of January 2025, only one person, Ilia Malinin, has landed a quadruple axel (four and a half rotations in the air) in competition

As of January 2025, 25 female figure skaters have completed a ratified triple axel (with positive GOE for those performed under the new judging system). This jump was first performed in the 1988 by Midori Ito (the first one to do it) followed by Tonya Harding in 1991. Over 10 years later, Yukari Nakano and Ludmila Nelidina performed the jump, followed by Mao Asada (the first one to land three triple Axels in one competition),  Elizaveta Tuktamysheva, Rika Kihira, and  Mirai Nagasu   Since then, Alysa Liu, Alena Kostornaia, Young You, Kamila Valieva, Hana Yoshida, Rinka Watanabe, Anastasiia Shabotova, Varvara Kisel, Mana Kawabe, Sofia Akateva, Amber Glenn, Mao Shimada, Inga Gurgenidze, Ami Nakai, Yuseyong Kim, Yujae Kim, and Sophie Joline Von Felton have landed the jump successfully in international competition

## Values

According to the International Judging System, the base value of a triple Axel jump is 8.0, and that of a double Axel is 3.3.

## Confusion

Because the Axel is the most famous skating jump, many people make a mistake and call all skating jumps as _Axel jumps_. This has led to many mistakes in sports reporting of figure skating, for example a report in 2006 saying that Miki Ando was the first female skater to land a quad Salchow in an international competition, which is a different jump.

## References

- John Misha Petkevich, _Figure Skating: Championship Techniques_. .
- Nancy Kerrigan, _Artistry on Ice_. .
- Dr. J. Dedic, _Single Figure Skating_. ISU, 1974.
- United States Figure Skating Association Media Guide.
Kimmie Meissner

**Kimmie Meissner** (born 4 October 1989) is a figure skater from the United States. She won the World Championships in 2006 and the United States national championships in 2007. She is the second American woman and the sixth woman worldwide to do a triple Axel jump.

#### Early career

Meissner was a very good skater as a child. In 2003, she won the Novice title at the United States nationals. In 2004, she won the Junior title. In 2005, she won the bronze medal at the Senior level. While this would normally have given her a spot to the World Championships, Meissner was too young to go.

#### Olympics

In 2006, she went to the 2006 Olympics, where she placed 6th. At the Olympics, she was called the future of American skating. The future came quickly. The next month, she won the World Championships, placing ahead of the Olympic silver medalist Sasha Cohen.

#### Four Continents Figure Skating

In 2007, Meissner won the United States championships and the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, a competition for skaters from countries that are not in Europe.

## Popularity

Meissner is a very popular skater, especially in Baltimore, where she is from. She has done shows in Baltimore and is a local celebrity. Meissner has many endorsements, which means she gets money from telling people she uses products. She is also involved with the _Cool Kids_, which is an organization to help kids with cancer.

## Other websites

- U.S. Olympic Team bio
- U.S. Figure Skating biography
- International Skating Union biography
Flying ace

A **flying ace** or fighter ace is a military pilot who has shot down five or more enemy aircraft in air combat. Use of the term _"ace"_ in military aviation began in World War I (1914–18). French newspapers called Adolphe Pegoud, as _l'as_ (French for "ace") after he became the first pilot to shoot down five German aircraft. Many other pilots later became aces, and some are very famous today, like the "Red Baron", Manfred von Richthofen who had 80 kills.

Erich Hartmann was the ace with the most kills; he had 352.

Some countries have recognized armor commanders as "tank aces" for destroying five enemies.

## Other websites

- Fighter ace list
Medal

A **medal** is a small metal object that is given as an award for doing something important or to commemorate something. There are medals for sports, military, academics, etc. Some medals have religious meaning. The Miraculous Medal has been distributed worldwide, for example. The Nobel Prize is a gold medal given to a few people every year.

Military decoration<nowiki/>s, service awards, and medals are often confused with one another. _Decoration_ is the term for awards which require acts of heroism or achievement (such as the British Victoria Cross or American Silver Star). A service award or campaign medal is awarded for serving in a place and time (such as the Iraq Campaign Medal). In either case, an award or decoration may be presented as a medal.

## Olympics

In the Olympic Games and many other sports competitions, medals are give to the top three people who took part in the competition. The winner of the competition is given the gold medal. The silver medal is given to the person who came second. The third placed person is given the bronze medal.

## Religious Medals

Medals are often worn for their religious significance. Such devotional medal<nowiki/>s include the Miraculous Medal associated with Marian groups and the Saint Benedict Medal.

## Other websites

- Atlantic Provinces Numismatic Association
- Official Medals of the Numismatic Associations and Clubs of the Atlantic Provinces
- Exonumia defined
- Orders, Decorations and Medals
- Nobel prize
- Most Comprehensive and Updated Listing of Orders, Decorations and Medals
- Weiss Collection
Yours truly

**Yours truly** could mean:
- The ending of a letter, see Yours truly (letter)

**In music**, yours truly could mean:
- Yours Truly (_Snow Crash_), a character in the novel _Snow Crash_
- _Yours Truly_ (Air Supply album), 2001
- _Yours Truly_ (Ariana Grande album), 2013
- _Yours Truly_ (Rick Braun album), 2005
- _Yours Truly (Sick of It All album)_, an album by hardcore punk band, Sick of It All, 2005
- "Yours Truly (song)", a single by Blindspott
- _Yours Truly_ (Sublime with Rome album), 2011
- _Yours Truly_, a 1991 album by Earl Thomas Conley
Motoori Norinaga

**Motoori Norinaga** (; 21 June 1730 – 5 November 1801) was a Japanese scholar and poet during the Edo period. Norinaga's most important works include the _Kojiki-den_ (_Commentaries on the Kojiki_), created over 35 years, and his comments on the _Tale of Genji_.

Motoori was born in what is now Matsusaka in Ise Province (now part of Mie Prefecture). At the age of 22, Motoori went to Kyoto to study medicine.  Although best known as a Kokugaku scholar, Norinaga worked as a doctor for 40 years in Matsusaka.

He was the first to use the term Mono no aware, which is now an important concept in Japanese culture.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Motoori Norinaga
- **image**: Motoori_Norinaga_self_portrait.jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **caption**: Self-portrait by Motoori
- **birth date**: 21 June 1730
- **death date**: 5 November 1801
- **death place**: Matsuzaka
- **nationality**: Japan
- **other names**: 本居 宣長