juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Liberland

**Liberland**, also called the **Free Republic of Liberland**, is a micronation  on an unclaimed piece of land on the western part of the Danube River between Croatia and Serbia. Liberland was founded on 13 April 2015 by Czech libertarian activist Vít Jedlička.

The Liberland website says the nation was created on no-man's land (terra nullius) that emerged because Croatia and Serbia have not agreed on common borders for over 25 years. This border dispute includes some areas to the east of the Danube which are claimed by both Serbia and Croatia. Croatia considers some areas on the west side of the river, including Liberland, to be part of Serbia, although Serbia no longer claims that land.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Free Republic of Liberland
- **common name**: Liberland
- **image flag**: Flag of Liberland.svg
- **image coat**: Coat of Arms of Liberland.svg
- **national motto**: __
- **national anthem**: "Free and Fair"
- **other symbol type**: March:
- **other symbol**: "Victory March to Glory Land"
- **image map**: Location of Liberland within Europe.svg
- **alt map**: Location of the land claimed by Liberland
- **map caption**: Location of the land claimed by Liberland
- **demonym**: Liberlandian
- **government type**: Unitary state, Unitary Presidential system, presidential Night-watchman state, minarchist semi-direct democracy
Micronation, Unrecognised micronation under a provisional government
- **leader title1**: President
- **leader name1**: Vít Jedlička <small>(founder)</small>
- **leader title2**: Prime Minister
- **leader name2**: Justin Sun
- **leader title3**: Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **leader name3**: Thomas D. Walls
- **leader title4**: Minister of Finance
- **leader name4**: Jan Purkrábek
- **established event1**: Proclamation
- **area km2**: 7
- **population estimate**: 63
- **currency**: Liberland merit _(cryptocurrency)_
Liberland dollar
- **drives on**: right
- **calling code**: +422 (proposed)
- **micronation**: yes
Carolinas

The **Carolinas** are the U.S. states of North Carolina and South Carolina. Both were part of the original Thirteen Colonies, which gained independence from Great Britain in 1783.

During the colonial period, the southern portion of the Carolinas was primarily a support for the British West Indies, where thousands upon thousands of slaves were brought in to feed the growing trade. The same could not be said about the northern part of the region, which was a sparsely populated area and had mostly decommissioned servants from the Chesapeake area, many of whom set up small tobacco farms.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: The Carolinas
- **settlement type**: Region
- **image map**: Carolinas.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States
- **subdivision name1**:

- **established title**: British colonization of the Americas, Colonized as Province of Carolina, Province
of Carolina
- **established date**:
1663
- **unit pref**: US
- **area total sq mi**: 85,839
- **area land sq mi**: 78,804
- **area water sq mi**: 7,025
- **area water percent**: 8.2
- **subdivision type3**: Principal cities
- **subdivision name3**:  - Charleston, South Carolina
 - Charlotte, North Carolina
 - Columbia, South Carolina
 - Durham, North Carolina
 - Greensboro, North Carolina
 - Greenville, South Carolina
 - Raleigh, North Carolina
 - Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- **population total**: 15557813
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population demonym**: Carolinian
- **demographics type1**: GDP (nominal)
- **demographics1 title1**: Total
- **demographics1 title2**: per capita
- **demographics1 info1**: $1.014 trillion (2022)
- **demographics1 info2**: $65,145 (2022)
- **timezone1**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset1**: -5
- **timezone1 dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -4
Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau

**Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau** (1 July 1725 – 10 May 1807) was a French nobleman. He served as a general under Louis XIV, and took part in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48). He was present at the siege of Antwerp and Namur. With an army of 6,000 people, he helped George Washington in the American Revolutionary War (1775-83). During the Reign of Terror, he was sentenced, but not executed on the guillotine. He was freed after the fall of Maximilien de Robespierre. Napoleon awarded him a title of the Legion of Honor, in 1803.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur de Rochambeau
- **image**: Maréchal de Rochambeau.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait
- **birth place**: Vendôme, Loir-et-Cher, Vendôme, Orléanais, France
- **death place**: Thoré-la-Rochette, Thoré, Loir-et-Cher, France
- **allegiance**:

- **serviceyears**: 1742–1792
- **rank**: Marshal of France
- **battles**: War of the Austrian Succession
*Siege of Maastricht (1748)
Seven Years' War
*Battle of Minorca (1756)
*Battle of Krefeld
*Battle of Corbach
*Battle of Kloster Kampen
American Revolutionary War
*Yorktown campaign
**Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route
**Battle of the Chesapeake
**Siege of Yorktown
French Revolutionary Wars
*War of the First Coalition
- **awards**:  Order of the Holy Spirit
 Order of Saint Louis
Society of the Cincinnati
- **signature**: Signature of Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1725–1807).png
Operation Nickel Grass

**Operation Nickel Grass** was a United States military mission to help Israel during the Yom Kippur War in 1973. The Soviet Union helped the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Syrian Arab Republic begin a surprise attack against Israel on October 6, 1973. Between October 14 and November 14 that year, the US flew 22,325 tons of weapons, tanks, and other supplies to Israel in C-141 Starlifter and C-5 Galaxy cargo planes.
Palazzo Vigo

**Palazzo dei Principi Natoli** or **Palazzo Vigo** is a townhouse in Torre Archirafi, a small village on the island of Sicily. It is part of the Comune of Riposto in the Province of Catania. The building was built in the 18th century by Giovanni Natoli Ruffo, the first Duke of Archirafi. Giovanni Natoli Ruffo built a small chapel next to the palace in 1743. By 1900, the palace and its lands belonged to the Vigo di Gallodoro family. Today the palace belongs to the Comune of Riposto. It is used for art shows, meetings, and talks.
Philippe de Nanteuil

**Philippe de Nanteuil** () was a French knight and troubadour. He was a vassal of Thibaut de Champagne, the King of Navarre. and became Thibaut's friend. Philippe de Nanteuil inherited the _seigneurie_ of Nanteuil-le-Haudouin in northern France from his father. His father was also called Philippe de Nanteuil.

Philippe de Nanteuil fought with other French knights in the Crusades. In 1239 he and many other French knights lost a battle against the Ayyubids at Gaza. They were taken prisoner by the Ayyubids and put in a prison in Cairo. Philippe de Nanteuil wrote a famous song while he was in prison. It was called  _En chantant veil mon duel faire_. The song was about the defeat of the Christian knights. It criticized the leaders of the three main military orders, the Knights Templar, the Knights Hospitaller, and the Teutonic Order.

## Sigillum

(1224) Philippo de Natolio (Natolii) Iuvenis:

One of the ancestors of this illustrious family was Raoul II, Count of Crépy and Valois, the husband of the Queen of France Anne of Russia of the Capetian dynasty, widow of King Henry I of France, and it is for this reason that the family of Nanteuil (lat. Natolii) bears six fleurs-de-lis on its coat of arms.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Philippe II de Nanteuil
- **nationality**: France
- **other names**: Philippus Natolii, Philippus de Nantolio
- **occupation**: knight, troubadour
- **known for**: _En chantant veil mon duel faire_
Tupper Lake (town), New York

**Tupper Lake** is a town in Franklin County, New York. In 2020, 5,147 people lived in the town.

The settlement began around 1844. The village was settled during the town's lumber production period and grew after it gained railroad service. The early village was composed of two parts, Tupper Lake proper and Faust. The town for a time held the distinction as the top lumber producer in the state.

The great fire of 1899 burned more than 169 structures in the village, two-thirds of them being homes. The modern village grew out of this destruction and added all the amenities of a modern community earlier than many other villages in the state. Tupper had its own department store and synagogue, and its sprawling railway yards, driven by the lumber trade, made it a hub for the surrounding Adirondack communities.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Tupper Lake, New York
- **settlement type**: Administrative divisions of New York#Town, Town
- **pushpin map**: New York
- **pushpin label**: Tupper Lake
- **pushpin label position**: top
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of New York
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type2**: Administrative divisions of New York#County, County
- **subdivision name2**: Franklin County, New York, Franklin
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 337.0
- **area land km2**: 303.9
- **area water km2**: 33.0
- **area total sq mi**: 130.1
- **area land sq mi**: 117.4
- **area water sq mi**: 12.8
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 5147
- **population density km2**: 16.9
- **population density sq mi**: 43.9
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation m**: 516
- **elevation ft**: 1696
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 12986
- **area code**: Area code 518, 518
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-033-75676
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 978671
Milo of Nanteuil

**Milo de Nanteuil** (? – 6 September 1234) was a soldier, crusader, and the Bishop of Beauvais from 1218 to 1234. From 1207 to 1217 he was the priest in charge of the Notre-Dame de Reims Cathedral. He was the fourth son of Gaucher I of the Châtillon family who lived in Nanteuil-la-Fosse.  He took part in the Fifth Crusade and the building of Beauvais Cathedral. He was also the patron of the poet, Jean Renart.
Doreen Mantle

**Doreen Mantle** (22 June 1926 – August 2023) was a South African-born English actress who was probably best known for her role as Jean Warboys in _One Foot in the Grave_ (1990–2000).

## Career

Mantle worked mainly on the stage in such productions as _My Fair Lady_, _Keep It in the Family_, _The Seagull_ and _Hamlet_. She also toured Britain in _Billy Liar_ in the role of Florence Boothroyd and performed at the National Theatre in _The Voysey Inheritance_. In 1979 she was awarded the Laurence Olivier Award for her role in _Death of a Salesman_. She also worked on the radio for BBC Radio 3 and BBC World Service. Mantle also had a role in the BBC Radio 4's comedy series _The Attractive Young Rabbi_.

In 1983 Mantle played "Mrs Shaemen" in _Yentl_. In 2011, Mantle appeared in _Coronation Street_ as the mother of Colin Fishwick.

She was in many British television series such as _The Duchess of Duke Street_, _The Wild House_, _Sam Saturday_, _Chalk_, _Casualty_, _The Bill_, _Doctors_, _Holby City_ and _Jonathan Creek_. She played lollipop lady Queenie in _Jam & Jerusalem_ (2006–09). She appeared in episode 63 of _Father Brown_ in January 2018.

## Death

Mantle died in August 2023 at the age of 97.

## Filmography

- _Black Jack_ (1979)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Doreen Mantle
- **birth place**: Johannesburg, Union of South Africa, South Africa
- **death date**: August 2023 (aged 97)
- **death place**: England
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1960–2023
Margaret Barton

**Margaret Barton** (born 27 May 1926 in Finsbury Park, London) is a British actress. She is best known for her role in the 1945 David Lean movie _Brief Encounter_ in which she played Beryl Walters, a girl who works in the train station cafe.

## Early career

Barton began acting in the theatre at the age of 12. Because she was small for her age, during World War 2 she became known for playing children and young people. At 17 she appeared in _Pink String and Sealing Wax_ at the Duke of York's Theatre and remembered performing while doodlebugs flew overhead. While on the West End stage she was spotted by David Lean and Noël Coward and cast for the part of Beryl in _Brief Encounter_. Her scenes were shot at Denham Film Studios and for other scenes she was invited by Lean to watch from behind the camera.

## Post-war

After the war, Barton continued acting on stage, in movie and for television. She married Raymond James; their son, Michael, died of cancer at the age of 30 and his parents set up the Michael James Music Trust in his memory. Raymond James died in 2016, aged 93. Barton lives in Dorset, where she runs a tea room, and still receives many letters relating to _Brief Encounter_.

## Selected filmography

- _Brief Encounter_ (1945)
- _Temptation Harbour_ (1947)
- _Good-Time Girl_ (1948)
- _Fly Away Peter_ (1948)
- _Landfall_ (1949)
- _The Romantic Age_ (1949)
- _The Happy Family_ (1952)
- _The Gay Dog_ (1954)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Margaret Barton
- **occupation**: Actor
- **spouse**: Raymond James
Sue Wallace

**Sue Wallace** is a British character actress.

Wallace studied Drama and English at the University of Birmingham, where she met Victoria Wood, with whom she later would go on to work in acting.

She went on to have a lengthy career on television and the stage since the early 1980s in among others, _Juliet Bravo_, _Bergerac_, _Making Out_, _The Bill_, _Common as Muck_, _Heartbeat_ and _Doctors_.

She appeared in different roles in various television works by Victoria Wood, including _Screenplay: Happy Since I Met You_ in 1981, _Victoria Wood as Seen on TV_ in the mid-1980s, the television film _Pat and Margaret_ in 1994, one episode of _Dinnerladies_ in 1998 and finally in Wood's television historical drama film _Housewife, 49_ in 2006.

Film roles include _Is There Anybody There?_  and as Janet in _I Give It a Year_.
Gerard Monaco

**Gerard Monaco** is a British actor, who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.

Monaco’s first film was Mike Leigh’s _Vera Drake_. He has since had roles in movies including _Starter for Ten_, Jane Campion’s _Bright Star_ and Jerry Bruckheimer’s _Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides_, directed by Rob Marshall.

Monaco's theatre career includes Lindsay Posner’s 2009 revival of Arthur Miller’s _A View From the Bridge_, in which Monaco made his West End debut playing Marco, opposite Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Ken Stott and Hayley Atwell.
He has also appeared in a number of plays at London's National Theatre, including Steven Pimlott’s final production, Tennessee Williams's _The Rose Tattoo_ starring Zoë Wanamaker (Pimlott died in the second week of rehearsals and artistic director Nicholas Hytner took over as director). He has also played opposite Lesley Manville in the premier of Rebecca Lenkiewicz’s play, _Her Naked Skin_ (directed by Howard Davis) and Fiona Shaw in Deborah Warner’s production of _Mother Courage and Her Children_.
Monaco has also performed at various other theatres around the country, notable at the Finborough Theatre where he played opposite Victor Spinetti in a two-hander production of _Albert’s Boy_ by James Graham.

Monaco television work includes roles in _As If_, _Eastenders_, _The Bill_, _Holby City_, _Rome_, _The Passion_, _Ashes to Ashes_, _Any Human Heart_ and _Episodes_.

In 2007, Monaco was nominated for the BBC New Talent New Filmmaker Award for his short film _The Crusader_, which he wrote and directed.

## References

- http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1456647/bio?ref_=nm_ql_1
Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow

**Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow**, GCIH (20 March 1921 – 24 September 2024) was a Senegalese educator. He was born in Dakar.

M'bow served in France and North Africa during World War II after volunteering for the French army. After the end of the war he studied geography at the Sorbonne University in Paris.

M'bow began working for UNESCO in 1953 and was the director-general from 1974 to 1987, being the first black African to head a United Nations support organisation.

M'Bow died on 24 September 2024 in Dakar at the age of 103.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow
- **honorific suffix**: Order of Prince Henry, GCIH
- **image**: Unesco history, M'Bow - UNESCO - PHOTO0000002701 0001.tiff
- **office**: 6th Director-General of UNESCO
- **term start**: 1974
- **term end**: 1987
- **predecessor**: René Maheu
- **successor**: Federico Mayor Zaragoza
- **birth place**: Dakar, French West Africa (now Senegal)
- **death place**: Dakar, Senegal
- **education**: Sorbonne University
- **caption**: M'Bow in 1974
Federico Mayor Zaragoza

**Federico Mayor Zaragoza** (27 January 1934 – 19 December 2024) was a Spanish scientist, scholar, politician, diplomat, and poet. He served as Director-General of UNESCO from 1987 to 1999. He was born in Barcelona.

Mayor Zaragoza is the Chairman of the Foundation for a Culture of Peace and member of the Honorary Board of the International Decade for the Promotion of a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World as well as the Honorary Chairman of the Académie de la Paix.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1993.

Mayor Zaragoza died in Madrid on 19 December 2024, at the age of 90.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Federico Mayor Zaragoza
- **image**: Federico Mayor Zaragoza et Alain Husson-Dumoutier (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 7th Director-General of the UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
- **term start**: 16 November 1987
- **term end**: 12 November 1999
- **predecessor**: Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow
- **successor**: Kōichirō Matsuura
- **office1**: Ministry of Education (Spain), Minister of Education and Science
- **primeminister1**: Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo
- **term start1**: 1 December 1981
- **term end1**: 2 December 1982
- **predecessor1**: Juan Antonio Ortega y Díaz-Ambrona
- **successor1**: José María Maravall
- **birth place**: Barcelona, Spain
- **death place**: Madrid, Spain
- **party**: Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain), Union of the Democratic Centre
Democratic and Social Centre (Spain), Democratic and Social Centre
- **spouse**: María de los Ángeles Menéndez González
- **education**: Complutense University of Madrid
- **caption**: Mayor Zaragoza in 1999
Hessie

**Carmen Lydia Djuric** (17 April 1936 – 9 October 2017), known by her artist name **Hessie**, was a Cuban textile artist. She lived in France from 1962 until her death. Her creative work was mainly focused on using fabrics, although she also used the technique of collage with waste materials.

Hessie did not attend any art school and developed her own creative technique as early as 1956 with materials that were both affordable and easily available. Fabrics and textile cuts were materials she used from the beginning.

Hessie died in Pontoise, France on 9 October 2017 at the age of 81.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hessie
- **image**: Young Hessie.png
- **caption**: Hessie in Hérouval in the 60's
- **birth name**: Carmen Lydia Djuric
- **birth place**: Santiago de Cuba, Santiago, Cuba
- **death place**: Pontoise, France
- **nationality**: Montenegro, Montenegrin
- **occupation**: textile artist
Pentti Holappa

**Pentti Vihtori Holappa** (11 August 1927 – 10 October 2017) was a Finnish poet, writer and politician. He was born in Ylikiiminki.

Holappa held many jobs before becoming a political journalist and eventually obtaining a government post.  He was self-educated, but produced around fifteen volumes of poetry, as well as several novels and essays.  He also worked as a translator; among the poets and authors whose work he translated into Finnish are Charles Baudelaire, Pierre Reverdy, and J. M. G. Le Clézio.  He received the Finlandia Prize in 1998 for his novel _Ystävän muotokuva: Portrait of a Friend_.

Between February and October 1972, Holappa was Minister of Culture and Education in Finland's Ministry of Education, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland.

Holappa died in Helsinki, Finland, on 10 October 2017 of breathing problems at the age of 90.
Stauroteuthis syrtensis

***Stauroteuthis syrtensis*** is a species of small pelagic octopus. It is also known as the **glowing sucker octopus**. The octopus is found at great depths in the north Atlantic Ocean. It is one of a very small number of octopuses to have bioluminescence, meaning it can create light.

The mantle length of _Stauroteuthis syrtensis_ is about  and its width about . The fins are some  in width. The eight arms are of unequal length, the longest extending to about .
Bencoolen MRT station

**Bencoolen MRT Station (DT21)** is a MRT station located in Singapore. It opened on 21 October 2017 and is on the Downtown line. It is the deepest MRT station, surpassing Promenade, at 43 meters deep. It reduces congestion at Bras Basah MRT Station, which is a minute walk away.

## Infobox (station)

- **type**: Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore), Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station
- **image**: DT21 Bencoolen Exit B along Bencoolen Street 17-28-50 440.jpg
- **image caption**: Exit B of Bencoolen station along Bencoolen Street
- **address**: 31 Bencoolen Street
Singapore 189658
- **other**: Bras Basah MRT station, Bras Basah
Bus, Taxi
- **structure**: Underground
- **platform**: 2 (1 island platform)
- **depth**: 43 metres
- **levels**: 1
- **tracks**: 2
- **electrified**: Yes
- **ada**: Yes
- **operator**: SBS Transit DTL (ComfortDelGro Corporation)
- **former**: Waterloo
- **map type**: Singapore Rail central area
- **map caption**: Bencoolen station in Singapore
- **map dot label**: Bencoolen
- **map alt**: Singapore MRT/LRT system map
- **map size**: 300px
Cross-sex friendship

A **cross-sex friendship** is a friendship between an unrelated male and female. The term is neutral as regards to sexual implications. There may or may not be any kind of sexual feelings in one or both parties.

## Related pages

- Platonic love
- Heterosociality
- Romantic friendship
Eve Poole

**Eve Poole** (December 29, 1924 - December 26, 1992) was a New Zealand politician of Jewish descent.

## Biography

She was born in Germany and fled with her family to Mandatory Palestine in 1932. During the war she served in the British army. She married a New Zealand tank commander and after the war she moved to New Zealand.

Being trained in theatre skills in Israel, she was teaching drama in New Zealand. She went into local politics by becoming a councillor in Invercargill in 1971, and a deputy mayor in 1974. She was mayor of this city on the very southern point of South Island from 1983 to 1992. As a politician she was promoting culture. She was also a member of several cultural institutions.

She died at the age of 67 in Dunedin.
Tomils

**Tomils** was a municipality of the district Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It was formed on 1 January 2009, through the merger of Feldis/Veulden, Scheid, Trans and Tumegl/Tomils. On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged to form the new municipality of Domleschg.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Tomils
- **image photo**: Tomils Aufsicht.jpg
- **municipality name**: Tomils
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: GW-GR-Tomils.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Tomils.png
- **languages**: German, Romansh
- **canton**: Graubünden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GR
- **district**: Hinterrhein (district), Hinterrhein
- **postal code**: 7418
- **municipality code**: 3671
- **area**: 30.56
- **elevation**: 801
- **population**: 706
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **website**: www.tomils.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Domat/Ems, Churwalden, Almens, Paspels, Cazis, Rothenbrunnen
Domleschg

**Domleschg** is a new municipality of the district Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged into the new municipality of Domleschg.

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Domleschg
- **image photo**: Almens Dorf.jpg
- **image caption**: Almens
- **municipality name**: Domleschg
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Domleschg COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Domleschg 2015.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Graubünden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GR
- **district**: Hinterrhein (district), Hinterrhein
- **postal code**: 7415-7418
- **municipality code**: 3673
- **area**: 45.93
- **elevation**: 687
- **population**: 1941
- **populationof**: Dec 2013
- **website**: www.domleschg.ch
- **mayor**: Werner Natter
- **mayor title**: Gemeindepräsident
- **neighboring municipalities**: Cazis, Fürstenau, Switzerland, Fürstenau
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan

**Venkatraman** "**Venki**" **Ramakrishnan** (born 1952) is an Indian-born-American-British structural biologist. He received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome.

He was born in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Related pages

- List of Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry

## Infobox (scientist)

- **embed**: yes
- **thesis title**: The Green Function Theory of the Ferroelectric Phase Transition in Potassium Dihydrogen-Phosphate
- **thesis year**: 1976
- **thesis url**: https://www.proquest.com/docview/302809453/
- **doctoral advisor**: d:Q52984452, Tomoyasu Tanaka
- **doctoral students**: Nathan James


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Venki Ramakrishnan
- **image**: Venki Ramakrishnan.jpg
- **caption**: Ramakrishnan in 2015
- **title**: President of the Royal Society
- **order**: 62nd
- **term start**: 2015
- **predecessor**: Paul Nurse
- **birth name**: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
- **birth place**: Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
- **residence**: United Kingdom
- **children**: 1 son, 1 stepdaughter
Ei-ichi Negishi

was a Japanese chemist. He was best known for his discovery of the Negishi coupling. He was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for palladium catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis" together with Richard F. Heck and Akira Suzuki.

Negishi died in Indianapolis, Indiana on June 6, 2021 at the age of 85.
Ningxia

**Ningxia** is an autonomous region of China. It used to be a province. It was merged into Gansu in 1954. It was later separated and made an autonomous region for the Hui people, one of the 56 officially recognised nationalities of China. Twenty percent of China's Hui population lives in Ningxia.
Muntaka Connmassie

**Muntaka Connmassie**, CON (10 February 1946 – 12 October 2017) was a Nigerian judge. He was born in Kaduna State, Nigeria. He served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria from 2008 through 2016. Before to joining the Supreme Court of Nigeria in 2008, he was a Judge at the Court of Appeal, serving in Port Harcourt, Jos, Abuja, Ilorin, and Benin divisions.

Connmassie died on 12 October 2017 in Abuja, Nigeria at the age of 71.
Edward B. Giller

**Edward Bonfoy Giller** (July 8, 1918 – October 1, 2017) was an American Air Force (USAF) Major General. He was the assistant general manager for military application, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Germantown, Maryland. He was born in Jacksonville, Illinois

Giller was assistant director and then director of the Research Directorate for the Air Force Special Weapons Center at Kirtland Air Force Base in the 1950s and 60s.

Giller died in Bernalillo, New Mexico on October 1, 2017 of pneumonia complicated by Alzheimer's disease at the age of 99.
Montbrison, Loire

**Montbrison** is a French commune, a _subprefecture_ in the Loire department in central France. It is in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It is also the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Montbrison.

## Geography

The _commune_ of Montbrison is in the centre of the Loire department and has an area of . The average altitude is  and the city hall is an altitude of .

The distances from Montbrison to other cities are:
- Paris, the national capital - ;
- Lyon, the regional capital - ;
- Reims - ;
- Bordeaux - ;
- Toulouse - ;
- Montpellier - ;
- Strasbourg - ;
- Nantes - ;
- Marseille - .

The _commune_ of Montbrison is surrounded by the _communes_:

Two small rivers flow through the _commune_:
- **Vizézy** -  long.
- **Moingt** -  long.

### Climate

The climate of Montbrison, in the Köppen climate classification, is **Cfb** - Oceanic climate with template summers.

## Population

The inhabitants of this city are known, in French, as _Montbrisonnais_ (women: _Montbrisonnaises_).

With a population of 15,689, Montbrison has a population density of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

**Evolution of the population in Montbrison**

Montbrison forms, with other 5 _communes_, the urban area of Montbrison with a population of 23,329 inhabitants (2014) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Montbrison, formed by 13 _communes_ with a population of 27,829 inhabitants (2014) and an area of .

## Administration

Montbrison is a subprefecture of the Loire department, the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Montbrison and the administrative centre () of the canton of Montbrison, with 40,780 inhabitants <small>(2014)</small>.

It is part of the intercommunality _Loire Forez_ ().

### Twinned and partner towns

Montbrison is twinned with:
- Sežana, Slovenia

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Montbrison
- Communes of the Loire department

## Other websites

- Mairie de Montbrison website

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Montbrison
- **commune status**: Subprefectures in France, Subprefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image**: Montbrison collegiale.JPG
- **caption**: The collegiate church in Montbrison
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Montbrison (Loire).svg
- **arrondissement**: Montbrison
- **canton**: Montbrison
- **mayor**: Christophe Bazile
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **elevation m**: 399
- **elevation min m**: 370
- **elevation max m**: 552
- **area km2**: 16.33
- **population**: 27027
- **population date**: 2011
- **intercommunality**: CA Loire Forez
- **insee**: 42147
- **postal code**: 42600
- **website**: [http://www.ville-montbrison.fr/ www.ville-montbrison.fr]
Downey Studios

**Downey Studios** was a production studio in Downey, California.

## Other sources

- Downey Studios website

- IMDb Profile
- Columbia Memorial Space Center — _near former site_.
Pierre Hanon

**Pierre Hanon** (29 December 1936 in Brussels - 13 October 2017) was a footballer who played mainly for R.S.C. Anderlecht and the national team. He played in the match Belgium-Netherlands in 1964 with 10 fellows from the Anderlecht team after the substitution of goalkeeper Delhasse by Jean Trappeniers. In total, Hanon collected 48 caps.
William Lombardy

**William James Lombardy** (December 4, 1937 – October 13, 2017) was an American chess grandmaster, chess writer, teacher, and a former Catholic priest.

Lombardy was one of the leading American chess players during the 1950s and 1960s, and a contemporary of Bobby Fischer, whom he coached from the time Fischer was age 11½ through the World Chess Championship 1972. Lombardy led the U.S. Student Team to Gold in the 1960 World Student Team Championship in Leningrad. He was the only World Junior Champion to win with a perfect score.

## Infobox (chess player)

- **name**: William Lombardy
- **image**: Bundesarchiv Bild 183-76052-0053, XIV. Schacholympiade in Leipzig (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: William Lombardy (Leipzig, 1960)
- **birthname**: William James Lombardy
- **nickname**: Bill
- **country**: United States
- **birth place**: New York City
- **death place**: Martinez, California
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster (1960)
- **peakrating**: 2540 (1978)
Bo Holmström

**Bo Erik Holmström** (18 October 1938 – 13 October 2017) was a Swedish journalist, reporter and author. He worked as a reporter both for SVT and TV4. He was the Swedish reporter covering the  Norrmalmstorg robbery in 1973 and the West German Embassy siege in 1975.

In 2007 he was awarded the Stora journalistpriset for his journalism work.  In 2015 he was awarded an honorary Kristallen at the Kristallen awards.

In 2016, gangrene in his leg led to its amputation. He spent his last year at a nursing home in Vagnhärad and died on 13 October 2017.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bo Holmström
- **image**: Bo Holmström 2006.jpg
- **caption**: Bo Holmström reports during the Reinfeldt Cabinet taking office in October 2006.
- **birth place**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **death place**: Vagnhärad, Sweden
- **nationality**: Swedish
- **occupation**: Journalist
Anna Lindh

**Ylva Anna Maria Lindh** (19 June 1957 – 11 September 2003) was a Swedish Social Democratic politician, chairman of the Social Democratic Youth League from 1984 to 1990 and a member of parliament from 1982 to 1985 and 1998 to 2003.

## Career

Joining the government as minister of environment in 1994, she was elevated to minister for foreign affairs by prime minister Göran Persson in 1998 and considered his successor as party chairman and prime minister (neither of which posts had ever been held by a woman) before her assassination in September 2003.

## Death

Lindh was stabbed in Stockholm on the afternoon of 10 September. She died in a next day at age of 46. Just after 16:00, she was attacked while shopping in the ladies' section of the Nordiska Kompaniet department store in central Stockholm by stabbing her in the chest, abdomen and arms. At the time of the attack, Lindh was not protected by bodyguards from the Swedish Security Service.

## Other websites

- Website of the Anna Lindh Foundation

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Anna Lindh
- **birthname**: Ylva Anna Maria Lindh
- **image**: Anna Lindh 2002.jpg
- **caption**: Anna Lindh in October 2002
- **order**: Minister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden), Minister for Foreign Affairs
- **term start**: 7 October 1998
- **term end**: 11 September 2003
- **predecessor**: Lena Hjelm-Wallén
- **successor**: Jan O. Karlsson (_acting_)
- **birth place**: Enskede-Årsta, Sweden
- **death place**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **death cause**: Murder by stabbing
- **constituency**: Södermanland, Södermanland county
- **party**: Swedish Social Democratic Party, Social Democratic Party
- **spouse**: Bo Holmberg (married 1991–2003)
- **children**: 2 sons
Satish Chandra

**Satish Chandra** (20 November 1922 – 13 October 2017) was an Indian historian whose main area of specialisation was medieval Indian history.

Chandra has been described as of India's leading scholars of the Moghul period and as one of India's most influential historians. His book, _Medieval India_, has been widely used as a textbook in schools and colleges around India.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Satish Chandra
- **image**: Satish Chandra.jpg
- **birth place**: Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
- **known for**: Authoring books about medieval Indian history
- **occupation**: Historian
- **nationality**: Indian people, Indian
- **alma mater**: Allahabad University
Billy Green Bush

**William Warren Bush** (born November 7, 1935) is an American actor, usually credited as **Billy "Green" Bush** and sometimes as **Billy Greenbush**.

His movie roles include _The Savage Seven_ (1968), _Five Easy Pieces_ (1970), _Monte Walsh_ (1970), _The Jesus Trip_ (1971), _The Organization_ (1971), _Welcome Home, Soldier Boys_ (1972), _The Culpepper Cattle Co._ (1972), _40 Carats_ (1973), _Electra Glide in Blue_ (1973), _Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore_ (1974), _Mackintosh and T.J._ (1975), _The Call of the Wild_ (1976), _The Beasts Are on the Streets_ (1978), _The Jericho Mile_ (1979), _Tom Horn_ (1980), _The River_ (1984), _The Hitcher_ (1986), _Critters_ (1986), _Rampage_ (1987) and _Jason Goes to Hell: The Final Friday_ (1993).

## Other websites

- Billy Green Bush at Rotten Tomatoes
- Wm. Green Bush at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Billy "Green" Bush
- **birth name**: William Warren Bush
- **birth place**: Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.
- **other names**: Billy Greenbush
- **occupation**: Actor
- **children**: 3
- **spouse**: Carole Kay Bush (?-present)
Willi Gerdau

**Willi "Ille" Gerdau** (February 12, 1929 in Heide – February 11, 2011 in Uetersen) was a German footballer.

Gerdau was a midfielder, who played for Heider SV.

He participated in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Australia, and also in the national football team of West Germany in 1957.

Willi Gerdau died the day before his 82th birthday.

## References

- www.worldfootball.net
Our Perfect Wedding

**Our Perfect Wedding** is a South African wedding television show on Mzansi Magic.  The show is well known for giving non-celebrities to give themselves a chance to showcase their weddings on television across Africa and international.

## Presenter

- _Thembisa Mdoda_
- _Abigail Kubeka_
Music of Africa

The traditional music of Africa, given the vastness of the continent, is historically ancient, rich and diverse, with different regions and nations of Africa having many distinct musical traditions. Music in Africa is very important when it comes to religion. Songs and music are used in rituals and religious ceremonies, to pass down stories from generation to generation, as well as to sing and dance to.

## Afropop

Afropop is a term sometimes used to describe contemporary African pop music. Characterized by a mixture of dances and sounds between American pop music and African music, Afropop does not refer to a specific style or musical sound, but the word is used as a general term for popular music. African.
Joseph Boakai

**Joseph Nyumah Boakai, Sr.** (born 30 November 1944) is a Liberian politician who is the 26th President of Liberia since 2024. He was the Vice President of Liberia from 2006 until 2018, serving under President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf.

In 2016, Boakai announced his intention to run for the Liberian presidency in the 2017 general election. He is viewed by many as a safe and uncorrupt candidate. He faced Senator and football star George Weah in the second round, but lost the round to Weah.

Boakai ran for president again in 2023 facing Weah again in a rematch, this time narrowly winning.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Joseph Boakai
- **image**: President Joseph Boakai 2025.jpg
- **office**: 26th President of Liberia
- **vicepresident**: Jeremiah Koung
- **term start**: 22 January 2024
- **predecessor**: George Weah
- **office1**: 29th Vice President of Liberia
- **term start1**: 16 January 2006
- **term end1**: 22 January 2018
- **predecessor1**: Wesley Momo Johnson
- **successor1**: Jewel Taylor
- **president1**: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
- **office2**: Ministry of Agriculture (Liberia), Minister of Agriculture of Liberia
- **president2**: Samuel Doe
- **termend2**: 1985
- **termstart2**: 1983
- **birth place**: Foya District, Worsonga, Liberia
- **party**: Unity Party (Liberia), Unity Party
- **children**: 4
- **alma mater**: University of Liberia
Kansas State University
Handjob

A **handjob** is the sexual stimulation of a penis by another person's hands. It is similar to male masturbation but is done by someone else instead of by one's self. It is usually done by lightly grabbing the middle of the penis with one hand and while grabbing slightly above from the middle towards the testicles, repeatedly stroking the penis until the male reaches orgasm. Stimulation of the scrotum may also be accompanied, such as placing both the index and rude finger against the males testicles then placing your little finger on the tip of his foreskin. It is like fingering which is the sexual stimulation of a female's vulva using the fingers. Handjobs are very common in sexual intercourse (the act of breeding two humans or animals together to form life).
Malix

**Malix** was a municipality of the district of Plessur of the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

On 1 January 2010, the former municipalities of Malix and Parpan merged into the municipality of Churwalden.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Malix
- **municipality name**: Malix
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Malix wappen.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Graubünden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GR
- **district**: Plessur (district), Plessur
- **postal code**: 7074
- **municipality code**: 3912
- **area**: 12.60
- **elevation**: 1116
- **population**: 709
- **populationof**: December 2008
- **popofyear**: 2008
- **website**: www.kreis-churwalden.ch/gdemalix
- **neighboring municipalities**: Churwalden, Chur, Domat/Ems, Scheid
The Killing of a Sacred Deer

***The Killing of a Sacred Deer*** is a 2017 psychological thriller and horror movie. The movie was directed by Yorgos Lanthimos. It tells the story of a surgeon having a familial bond with an evil and sinister teenage boy. The results are disastrous. Lanthimos and Efthymis Filippou won a Best Screenplay award at the Cannes Film Festival.

## Cast

- Colin Farrell as Steven Murphy, Anna’s husband and Bob and Kim’s father
- Nicole Kidman as Anna Murphy, Steven’s wife and Bob and Kim’s mother
- Barry Keoghan as Martin, a teenager who is close to Kim
- Raffey Cassidy as Kim Murphy, Steven and Anna’s daughter and Bob’s sister
- Sunny Suljic as Bob Murphy, Steven and Anna’s son and Kim’s brother
- Alicia Silverstone as Martin's mother
- Bill Camp as Matthew

## Reception

The movie has an 84 out of 100 percent scale rating from the Metacritic, representing high marks. Rotten Tomatoes has rated the movie at 80%, meaning "Fresh".

## Release

The movie will be released on October 20 and 27 for the United States.
Kim Wall

**Kim Isabel Fredrika Wall**, (23 March 1987 - 10 August 2017) was a Swedish journalist. She worked mostly in other countries and was murdered during work, writing a report about Peter Madsen and his submarine UC3 Nautilus in Køge Bugt Denmark. At the time of her death she lived between Gislöv in Trelleborg and Beijing, China.

After school she continued her studies at Lunds University in Sweden. In 2011 she graduated in studies of international relations at London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). During her years of studies she also studied at Beijing University. She also graduated from studies in international affairs from Columbia University in New York, there she also studied journalism.

During her time as a freelance journalist her work was published in _The Guardian_, _New York Times_, _Harper's Magazine_, _Vice_, _Slate_. And for her work at Exodus in writing the reportage on nuclear tests and climate changes at the Marshall Islands she in 2016 was awarded the Hansel Meith award for Best Digital reportage.

In April 2018 Madsen was found guilty of killing Kim Wall and sentenced to prison for the rest of his life.

## Other websites

- Kim Walls memorial site
Bandi Chhor Divas

**Bandi chhod diwas** ("Day of Liberation") is a festival of Sikhs celebrated on Deepavali. As per the name bandi means "imprisoned" and chhod refers to "release". On this day 6th guru of Sikhs Sri Guru Hargobind Ji had got success in giving freedom to the prisoner kings who were living in the jail of Gwalior fort. On this day Sikh people go to gurudwara and listen kirtan and eat langar there. They celebrate this day very happily and clean their houses, shops and decorate them with lamp, candles. They distribute sweets to neighbours and poor people. Bandi Chhor Diwas is usually celebrated in October or November, depending on the lunar calendar, or the 'Desi months'.
Tagus

The **Tagus** ( ;  ; ; Ancient Greek: Τάγος _Tagos_) is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula.

## Geography

It is  long,  in Spain and  in Portugal. For  it forms the border between Portugal and Spain. The river flows into the Atlantic Ocean near Lisbon.

It drains an area of  (the second largest in the Iberian peninsula after the Douro). The Tagus is highly utilized for most of its course. Several dams and diversions supply drinking water to most of central Spain, including Madrid, and Portugal, while dozens of hydroelectric stations create power.

Between dams it follows a very constricted course, but after Almourol it enters a vast alluvial valley prone to flooding. At its mouth is a large estuary on which the port city of Lisbon is situated.

The source of the Tagus is the Fuente de García, in the Frías de Albarracín municipal term, Montes Universales, Sistema Ibérico, Sierra de Albarracín Comarca. All its major tributaries enter the Tagus from the right (north) bank. The main cities it passes through are Aranjuez, Toledo, Talavera de la Reina and Alcántara in Spain, and Abrantes, Santarém, Almada and Lisbon in Portugal.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Tagus
- **name other**:

- **name etymology**: Vulgar Latin _taliāre_, "to cut through"
- **image**: Tagus River Panorama - Toledo, Spain - Dec 2006.jpg
- **image caption**: View of Tagus River in Toledo, Spain
- **map**: Cours du Tage.png
- **map size**: 250px
- **map caption**: Path of the Tagus through the Iberian Peninsula
- **pushpin map size**: 150px
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Spain, Portugal
- **source1**: Frías de Albarracín, Fuente de García
- **source1 location**: Montes Universales, Sierra de Albarracín Comarca, Province of Teruel, Teruel, Aragon, Spain
- **mouth**: Estuary of the Tagus
- **mouth location**: Atlantic Ocean near Lisbon, Portugal
- **tributaries left**: Guadiela, Algodor River, Algodor, Gévalo, Ibor, Almonte (river), Almonte, Salor River, Salor, Sever (river), Sever
- **tributaries right**: Gallo River, Gallo, Jarama, Guadarrama (river), Guadarrama, Alberche, Tiétar (river), Tiétar, Alagón (river), Alagón, Zêzere River, Zêzere
Automated external defibrillator

An **automated external defibrillator** (AED) is a special type of defibrillator which can be used by people without medical education. A defibrillator is used to treat certain kinds of heart problems using controlled electric shocks. Almost all heart problems are medical emergencies. For each minute, that such a heart problem is left untreated, the chance of survival drops by about ten percent. Even if they are alerted immediately, emergency teams take some time to arrive. For this reason automated external defibrillators have been placed in locations where they are easily accessible, such as airports, and railway stations.

In many cases, using such a defibrillator will alert emergency services. Very often, the defibrillator will guide the person helping through its use. In some countries such as the United Kingdom, regional public ambulance services provide lists for people to show where all the publicly accessible defibrillators are in their region (East of England Ambulance Services Trust for example).  In some open public locations, defibrillators are secured in special cases which need a code to open them (see the example on the right).  When you call for an ambulance, you tell the operator the location code on the case, and they give you the code to unlock it to get the defibrillator out.

Studies where conducted to see the survival rates of cardiac arrest. They showed that when  public access defibrillators were used, the patient had a median chance of survival of forty percent. When operated by non-dispatched lay first responders they have the highest likelihood of leading to survival.

## Other websites

- Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation
- American Heart Association: Learn & Live
- American Red Cross: Learn About Automated External Defibrillators 
- Resuscitation Council (UK)
- Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation (AU)
- The National EMS Museum
- OpenAEDMap
Commodity substitution bias

**Commodity substitution bias** is a problem with the calculation to find the change in an item's price change over time.
It occurs when a new item which costs less is purchased instead of an item that was already available. This problem occurs because the CPI ( Consumer Price Index) is calculated from a _"fixed basket"_ of goods and services. The CPI ignores the substitution of the inexpensive item for the expensive item. So CPI says the price of the expensive item had increased.