juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Copa do Brasil

**Copa do Brasil** is a Brazilian football competition. It is a knockout competition played by 87 teams.

## Champions

|Season|Champions|Runner-up|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1989|Grêmio|Sport Recife|
|1990|Flamengo|Goiás|
|1991|Criciúma|Grêmio|
|1992|Internacional|Fluminense|
|1993|Cruzeiro|Grêmio|
|1994|Grêmio|Ceará|
|1995|Corinthians Paulista|Grêmio|
|1996|Cruzeiro|Palmeiras|
|1997|Grêmio|Flamengo|
|1998|Palmeiras|Cruzeiro|
|1999|Juventude|Botafogo|
|2000|Cruzeiro|São Paulo|
|2001|Grêmio|Corinthians Paulista|
|2002|Corinthians Paulista|Brasiliense|
|2003|Cruzeiro|Flamengo|
|2004|Santo André|Flamengo|
|2005|Paulista|Fluminense|
|2006|Flamengo|Vasco da Gama|
|2007|Fluminense|Figueirense|
|2008|Sport Recife|Corinthians Paulista|
|2009|Corinthians Paulista|Internacional|
|2010|Santos F.C.|E.C. Vitória|
|2011|Vasco da Gama|Coritiba|
|2012|Palmeiras|Coritiba|
|2013|Flamengo|Atlético Paranaense|

## Infobox (football league)

- **leaguename**: Copa do Brasil
- **country**: Brazil
- **founded**: 1989
- **number of teams**: 87
- **current champions**: C.R. Flamengo, Flamengo
- **season**: 2013
- **most successful club**: Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense, Grêmio, Cruzeiro E.C., Cruzeiro (4)
Tricolour

**Tricolor** or **tricolour** (meaning "three colours") is, in most cases, a flag or banner that has three colours. Tricolour is a specific type of a flag with three stripes. The stripes can be horizontal (across), vertical (up and down) or diagonal (neither up and down nor across).
Palombia

**Palombia** is a fictional country in the Belgian comic _Spirou and Fantasio_. In the world of the comic, Palombia is found between Paraguay and Colombia. Its name is a portmanteau of both countries.
Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters

***Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters*** is an 2007 animated movie based on the Adult Swim program _Aqua Teen Hunger Force_. The movie is rated R for crude and sexual humor, violent images, and language. The movie was written and directed by the show's creators Dave Willis and Matt Maiellaro.

## Plot

The Aqua Teens, Carl, the Plutonians, the Cybernetic Ghost, Dr. Weird, and the Mooninites are all after the exercise machine called the Insanenoflex. Carl goes on it and gets stuck, so the Aqua Teens try to stop it with music. The plan works, but the Aqua Teens realize that the world is still in danger, and then they set out to find more about themselves. Later on the Aqua Teens find out how they were created by Dr. Weird. Also they learn that there was a fourth Aqua Teen called Chicken Bittle. Finally they learn that their father turns out to be a watermelon whose accomplice is Neil Peart of the band Rush and that their mother is a 9-layer burrito.

## Cast

|Name|Character(s)|
| --- | --- |
|Dave Willis|Carl Meatwad Ignignokt|
|Dana Snyder|Master Shake|
|Carey Means|Frylock|
|C. Martin Croker|Dr. Weird Steve|
|Matt Maiellaro|Cybernetic Ghost Err Satan|
|Andy Merrill|Oglethorpe|
|Mike Schatz|Emory|
|mc chris|MC Pee Pants|
|George Lowe|Space Ghost|
|Bruce Campbell|Chicken Bittle|
|Chris Kattan|Walter Melon|
|Neil Peart|himself|
|Matt Harrigan|Linda|
|Craig Hartin|Rob Goldstein|

## Planned sequel

A script for a sequel entitled _Death Fighter_ has been written. The project was scrapped and never produced. Co-creator Dave Willis has stated he would be open to using Kickstarter to fund the project in the future.

## Infobox (film)

- **studio**: Williams Street
- **distributor**: First Look Studios, First Look Pictures
- **runtime**: 85 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $750,000
- **gross**: $5.5 million
Banner

A **banner** is a flag or other piece of cloth with a symbol, logo, slogan or other message. Sometimes, churches use banners to evangelize people.
Dave Willis

**David Christopher "Dave" Willis** (born May 1, 1970) is an American voice actor, writer, and producer.  He is best known for his work on the Adult Swim programs _Aqua Teen Hunger Force_ and _Squidbillies_.

## Career

His first job was on the show _Space Ghost: Coast to Coast_. There he met Matt Maiellaro. He and Maiellaro later made _Aqua Teen Hunger Force_.

## Filmography

|Year(s)|Production|Role(s)|Other notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1995–1996|_Cartoon Planet_|Writer||
|1995–2008|_Space Ghost Coast to Coast_|Writer, Producer (1996–2001), Actor (1996–2008)||
|2000|_Brak Presents the Brak Show Starring Brak_|Writer, Producer|_TV Special_|
|2000–2015|_Aqua Teen Hunger Force_|Co-Creator, Writer, Director, Producer, Actor||
|2000–2003|_The Brak Show_|Actor||
|2000–2005|_Sealab 2021_|Actor, Writer||
|2004–2007|_Perfect Hair Forever_|Writer, Actor||
|2004|_Anime Talk Show_|Actor|_TV Special_|
|2004|_Spacecataz_|Co-Creator, Writer, Director, Producer, Actor|_Failed pilot_|
|2005–present|_Squidbillies_|Co-Creator, Writer, Director, Producer, Actor||
|2005–2006|_12 Oz. Mouse_|Actor||
|2007|_Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film For Theaters_|Writer, Director, Producer, Actor|_Feature film_|
|2007|_Aqua Teen Hunger Force Zombie Ninja Pro-Am_|Writer, Director, Actor|_Video game_|
|2007–2016|_Carl_|Creator, Actor|_Online series_|
|2008|_Young Person's Guide to History_|Director, Producer|_TV Special_|
|2010|_Cheyenne Cinnamon and the Fantabulous Unicorn of Sugar Town Candy Fudge_ ||Creator|||||
|2010–2023|_Archer_|Barry Dylan||
|2011|_Family Guy_|Writer|_1 episode_|
|2017–present|_Pregame Prognostifications from the Pigskin Wyzzard_|||

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Dave Willis.jpg
- **caption**: Dave Willis in 2008
- **name**: Dave Willis
- **birth name**: David Christopher Willis
- **birth place**: Wichita Falls, Texas, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **years active**: 1995–present
- **occupation**: Voice actor, television writer, television producer
- **alma mater**: Wake Forest University
- **children**: 2
Johnny Clegg

**Jonathan "Johnny" Clegg** (7 June 1953 – 16 July 2019) was a British-born musician from South Africa. He was in the bands Juluka and Savuka.

## Career

Juluka were able to tour in Europe.  They had two platinum and five gold albums.  They were an international success.  The Savuka album _Shadow Man_ sold 250,000 copies within a week after its release.  It sold more than 1,000,000 copies in France alone.

His song "Scatterlings of Africa" was on the soundtrack to the 1988 Oscar winning movie _Rain Man_. This song is his only entry in the UK Singles Chart to date.  It reached #75 in May 1987.  He also did music for the movie _The Lion King 1½_, _George of the Jungle_ and _Opportunity Knocks_.

## Death

Clegg was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 2015. He retired in 2017. Clegg died on 16 July 2019 at his home in Johannesburg from the disease at the age of 66.

## Recognition

- Clegg was awarded the _Chevalier des Arts et Lettres_ (Knight of Arts and Letters) by the French Government in 1991.
- In 2004, he was voted 23rd in the SABC3's Great South Africans.
- In 2007, Clegg received an honorary doctorate in music from the University of the Witwatersrand.
- In 2011, Clegg received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from City University of New York School of Law.
- In 2012, Clegg received the South African Presidential Ikhamanga award as part of the National Orders ceremony. This award is the highest honor a citizen can receive in South Africa. It was presented by President Jacob Zuma.
- In 2012, Clegg received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Dartmouth College

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Johnny Clegg
- **img**: Johnny-clegg-valenciennes-davidata-14 07 2009.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Jonathan Clegg
- **alias**: Johnny Clegg
_Le Zoulou Blanc_
- **birth place**: Bacup, Lancashire, England
- **death place**: Johannesburg, South Africa
- **instrument**: Human voice, Vocals, guitar, concertina
- **genre**: Mbaqanga, Music of Africa, Afro-pop
- **years active**: 1980–2017
- **label**: Capitol Records
- **associated acts**: Juluka, Savuka
- **website**: [http://www.johnnyclegg.com johnnyclegg.com]
- **past members**: Sipho Mchunu (Juluka), Dudu Mntowaziwayo Ndlovu (Savuka)
Kick-Ass

***Kick-Ass*** is a comicbook and movie about superheroes. The movie opened in theatres in the United Kingdom 26 March 2010 and 16 April 2010 in the United States.

The movie and comic tell the story of a teenager called Dave Lizewski. Lizewski is an average teenager who wonders why nobody in real life has ever decided to become a superhero like the ones in the comic books. He decides to become a real-life superhero despite having no special power or ability of any kind. He purchases a suit on the Internet and calls himself Kick-Ass.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Kick-Ass
- **director**: Matthew Vaughn
- **producer**: Matthew Vaughn
Brad Pitt
Kris Thykier
Adam Bohling
Tarquin Pack
David Reid
- **writer**: Matthew Vaughn
Jane Goldman
- **starring**: Aaron Johnson
Christopher Mintz-Plasse
Chloë Moretz, Chloe Moretz
Nicolas Cage
Mark Strong
- **music**: John Murphy
Henry Pryce Jackman
Marius de Vries
Ilan Eshkeri
Danny Elfman
- **cinematography**: Ben Davis
- **editing**: Pietro Scalia
Jon Harris
Eddie Hamilton
- **distributor**: Universal Studios, Universal Pictures (United States)
Lions Gate Entertainment, Lionsgate (International)
- **released**: 26 March 2010 (United Kingdom)
16 April 2010 (United States)
- **runtime**: 117 mins.
- **country**: United States

United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $28 million
- **gross**: $96,130,462
John Brown

**John Brown** is the name of:

- John Brown (abolitionist), a white American who believed in using violence to end slavery in the 19th century and was brutally hanged to death for his beliefs
- John Brown (football player), a football player from Scotland
Sinocentrism

**Sinocentrism** is the belief that China is the cultural center of the world.

This idea may have possibly been reinforced by the Chinese Isolationist policy enforced by Emperor Hongwu during the Ming Dynasty.
Thoroughfare Gap

***Thoroughfare Gap*** is an album by American singer-songwriter Stephen Stills. The album was released in 1978.

## Track listing

Most tracks were composed by Stephen Stills.

### Side 1

1. "You Can't Dance Alone" – 4:14
1. "Thoroughfare Gap" – 3:31
1. "We Will Go On" – 2:41
1. "Beaucoup Yumbo" (Stills, Joe Vitale)  – 3:33
1. "What's the Game" – 3:32

### Side 2

1. "Midnight Rider" (Gregg Allman)  – 3:39
1. "Woman Lleva" – 3:13
1. "Lowdown" – 3:46
1. "Not Fade Away" (Buddy Holly, Norman Petty)  – 3:26
1. "Can't Get No Booty" (Danny Kortchmar, Stills)  – 3:44
Pseudocode

**Pseudocode** (sometimes written as pseudo-code) is a description of the source code of a computer program or an algorithm in a language that is easily understood by humans.

It uses the general structure of a computer programming language, but does not use the details that are required by machines to understand and execute the code. The main purpose of writing pseudocode is to allow humans to understand the computer program or algorithm without having to understand any programming language.

## Syntax

Pseudocode does not follow the syntax and grammar of any specific computer programming language. Variable declarations are generally excluded. Function calls and blocks of code, such as code for a loop, are often replaced by a one-line natural human language sentence.

## Examples

<pre>
FOR I FROM 1 TO 50:
    PRINT I
</pre>

This pseudocode uses a for loop to print all the integers from 1 to 50.
University of Central Florida

The **University of Central Florida** is the biggest university in the state of Florida, and the second-biggest in the entire United States. It also has more undergraduate students than any other single campus in the U.S. It is located slightly to the east of Orlando, one of the most popular places to visit in the entire world. Living in such an exciting city makes the University of Central Florida very attractive to students who want to get jobs or internships nearby.

Sometimes the University of Central Florida's name is shortened to **UCF**, especially when talking about the school's sports teams. UCF was founded in 1969 and has continued growing ever since.

UCF's sports teams, known as Knights, now play in the Big 12 Conference after leaving the American Athletic Conference in July 2023. The only exception is the men's soccer team. Because the Big 12 sponsors soccer for women but not men, that team plays in the Sun Belt Conference.
CAPTCHA

A **CAPTCHA** is a test that is used to separate humans and machines. CAPTCHA stands for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart." It is normally an image test or a simple mathematics problem which a human can read or solve, but a computer cannot. It is made to stop computer hackers from using a program to automatically set up hundreds of accounts, such as email accountsmzu6

. It is named after mathematician Alan Turing's Turing test.
GNU Lesser General Public License

The **GNU Lesser General Public License** (**LGPL**) is a free software license created by the Free Software Foundation. It is similar to the GNU General Public License and is also an open source license. It's mostly used for "library" software (meaning parts of other software), with the license name formerly meaning Library General Public License.

## Other websites

- LGPL Official Page
Maple (CAS)

**Maple** is a commercial computer algebra system created (made) by Waterloo Maple Inc.
Waterloo Maple

**Waterloo Maple Inc.** (Maplesoft) is a Canadian software company. They are in Waterloo, Ontario. They are most well known for creating the Maple computer algebra system.

Waterloo Maple Inc. was registrated under the name Waterloo Maple Software in April 1988.

## Related pages

- Maple (CAS)

## Other websites

- Maplesoft Corporate Website
- Symbolic Computation Group website
Null device

In some operating systems, the **null device** is a device file that ignores anything written to it but returns that the write worked. This device is called `/dev/null` on Unix and Unix-like systems, `NUL:` or `NUL` on CP/M and DOS (internally `\DEV\NUL`), `nul` on newer Windows systems (internally `\Device\Null` on Windows NT), `NIL:` on Amiga systems, and `NL:` on OpenVMS. In Windows Powershell, the equivalent is `$null`. It returns nothing to any process that reads from it, returning EOF immediately. In IBM DOS/360, OS/360 (MFT, MVT), OS/390 and z/OS operating systems, such files would be assigned in JCL to `DD DUMMY`.
Right whale

The **right whales** (***Eubalaena spp***.), also known as the **black whales** are baleen whales with bow-shaped lower jaw and a head that is up to one-quarter of the body length. The head is hairier than most whales; up to 300 hairs are found on the tip of the lower jaw and 100 are on the upper jaw. There are also callosities (a series of horny growths) behind the blowhole, on the chin, above the eyes, on the lower lip, and on the rostrum (the beak-like upper jaw).

## Description

Right whales are similar to bowhead whales, but smaller. These whales are rich in blubber and have 2 blowholes. The eyes are very small and lips are large. Right whales were named by whalers who considered them the "right" whales to hunt, since they were rich in blubber, they were easy to catch (they are relatively slow swimmers) and they floated after being killed.

## History

Hunters needed the right whale's blubber for meat, because blubber could be boiled to make oil.
The right whale's name came from hunters, who thought that they were the "right" whales to hunt. This was because they had lots of blubber. They were also easy to catch (because they were relatively slow swimmers) and they floated on the surface of the water after being killed. Because of these things, right whales are the most endangered of the great whales.
Vineyard

A **vineyard** is a place where grapes are grown. Some vineyards belong to wineries. The grapes grown in those are used to make wine.

## Related pages

- Winery
- Farming
Bowhead whale

The **bowhead whale** (***Balaena mysticetus***) is an Arctic baleen whale, a right whale with a large, bow-shaped head that is up to 40% of its body length. The arched mouth is up to 10 feet (3 m) wide and 20 feet (6 m) deep. The eyes are very small and lips are huge. Bowheads live in pods, are rich in blubber (a subcutaneous layer 20-inch (50 cm) thick in places), and have 2 blowholes.

## Other websites

- https://www.animal-glossary.com/bowhead-whale.shtml
Marcos Senna

**Marcos Senna** (born 17 July 1976) is a former Spanish football player. He played for Villarreal and the Spain national team, among others.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="8"|Villarreal||rowspan="8"|La Liga||16||2
|-
|2003/04||8||0
|-
|2004/05||29||2
|-
|2005/06||30||3
|-
|2006/07||33||0
|-
|2007/08||34||4
|-
|2008/09||27||2
|-
|2009/10||||
177||13
177||13
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|2006||7||0
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
|2008||13||1
|-
|2009||6||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||27||1
|}
Boris Gelfand

**Boris Abramovich Gelfand** (born 24 June 1968 in Minsk) is a Belarusian-Israeli chess grandmaster. He won the 2009 World Chess Cup. In 1998, Gelfand emigrated to Israel, where he is their top ranking chess player.

## Chess career

Gelfand was Junior Champion of the Soviet Union at 17, and European Junior Champion two years later. In 1988 he tied for first in the World Junior Championship, the title going to Joel Lautier. He earned the GM title the following year. He has won about 30 tournaments in his career, including tournaments at Wijk aan Zee (in 1992 and 1994) and first places in Biel (1993), Dos Hermanas (1994), Belgrade (1995), Tilburg (1996), Malmo (1999) and Pamplona (2004).

### World Championship Candidate

Gelfand has several times qualified for Candidates tournaments for the World Chess Championship. In 1993, he qualified for the Candidates via the Interzonal, and was knocked out in the quarter-final by England's Nigel Short. In the FIDE World Chess Championship 1996 he won the Interzonal, then won his first two Candidates matches, before being eliminated in the semi-final by Anatoly Karpov. He had numerous strong results in the knockout tournaments for the FIDE Championships 1998–2004, with his best result being a semi-finalist in 1997. He played in the 8-player 2002 Dortmund Tournament, which was the Candidates for the Classical World Chess Championship 2004, but failed to reach the semi-finals.

He qualified for the tournament for the World Chess Championship 2007, and surprised most observers by finishing joint second with reigning world champion Vladimir Kramnik (third after tie breaks). The tournament and the world championship was won by Viswanathan Anand.

Gelfand won the Chess World Cup 2009, and was automatically seeded into the Candidates tournament for the World Chess Championship 2012.

The 2012 Candidates match series was held in Kazan, Russia. In game three of the quarterfinals he played the Sicilian defense to defeat Shakhriyar Mamedyarov 2.5–1.5. In the semifinals he faced American Gata Kamsky. After splitting the first four games 2–2, the match went into a rapid playoff. Kamsky won game three in the playoff to go ahead 2–1. This meant Gelfand had to win with black in the final game to avoid elimination. Gelfand was up to the task, and then won the blitz playoff 2–0 to advance to the final.

In the final, he faced Alexander Grischuk. After drawing the first five games, Gelfand won the sixth and final game on the white side of a Grünfeld defence to win the match 3.5–2.5. As winner of the Candidates series, Gelfand face Anand for the 2012 World Championship. In this match Gelfand tied 6–6, but he lost the four-game rapid play tie-breaker.

## Infobox (chess player)

- **playername**: Boris Gelfand
- **image**: Boris Gelfand.jpg
- **birthname**: Boris Abramovich Gelfand
- **country**: Israel
- **placebirth**: Minsk, Soviet Union
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster
- **rating**: 2753
<small>(#15 on the January 2013 FIDE ratings list)</small>
- **peakrating**: 2761 (January 2010)
Yue Wang

**Yue Wang** (born 31 March 1987) is a Chinese chess grandmaster. He was the first Chinese chess player to reach the top 10 in the world, and the highest ranked Chinese player of all time until 2015.

In 2004, he became China's 18th Grandmaster at the age of 17. In October 2007, Wang became the first Chinese player, and third Asian player, to cross the 2700 rating mark.

Wang Yue was to play on 1st board at the World Team Chess Championship in January 2010, until China dropped out of the event at the last minute.

## Infobox (chess player)

- **playername**: Yue Wang
- **image**: Wang Yue (chess).jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Yue Wang
- **birthname**: Wang Yue
- **placebirth**: Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China, China
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster 2004; aged 17
- **rating**: 2734 <small>(#14 on the March 2011 FIDE ratings list)</small>
- **peakrating**: 2756 <small>(November 2010)</small>
Winchester College football

**Winchester College football**, also known as **Wincofo** or **winkies**, is a style of football, the game also called soccer, that is played at Winchester College in England during the spring term.  The Winchester students call this period _"common time."_  It was originally played during the autumn term, or _"short half."_  It is very similar to games played at other public schools such as Eton's wall game. The school is located in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, England.

## History

This game was originally played down Kingsgate Street, a long street that runs parallel to the college. However, there were very few rules.
Nona Gaprindashvili

**Nona Gaprindashvili** (; born 3 May 1941) is a Georgian chess player. She was the strongest female player of the 1960s and 70s, and became the sixth Women's World Chess Champion (1962–1978). She was the first woman to achieve the Grandmaster title.

In 1961, aged 20, Gaprindashvili won the fourth women's Candidates Tournament, setting up a title match against Russian world champion Elisabeth Bykova. She won the match easily, with a final score of 9−2 (+7−0=4), and went on to defend her title successfully four times. She finally lost her crown in 1978 to another Georgian, Maia Chiburdanidze, by a score of 6½–8½ (+2−4=9).

Gaprindashvili played for Soviet Union in the women's chess Olympiads of 1963, 1966, 1969, 1972, 1974, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1990, and for Georgia in 1992. She won as many as 25 medals, among which 11 team gold medals and 9 individual gold medals  At the Dubai Olympiad 1986 she won all the ten games she played.

She was a five-times winner of the Soviet women's chess championship: in 1964, 1973, 1981, 1983, and 1985. During her career Gaprindashvili successfully competed in men's tournaments, tying for first place at Lone Pine, California in 1977.

In 1978 Gaprindashvili became the first woman to be awarded the Grandmaster title. She was awarded the title partly as a result of winning Lone Pine 1977 against a field of 45 players, mostly grandmasters. Although she did not meet the technical requirements for the GM Title, this result was so spectacular that FIDE found it sufficient.

Pal Benko wrote in _Chess Life & Review_ (January 1979):
- "...Of course (Nona) had earned the "woman grandmaster" title awarded by the International Chess Federation (FIDE), as have some two dozen other women... in Buenos Aires in November 1978 FIDE bestowed upon Nona Gaprindashvili the (men's) international grandmaster title. Not only is she the only woman ever to have received this title, she is the only woman ever to have deserved it.

- "It is regrettable, therefore, that she did not actually earn the title in the regular way: FIDE requires that to earn the grandmaster title a player must achieve certain minimum scores in tournaments consisting of at least twenty-four games in aggregate (the description is highly oversimplified, but you get the idea), and Nona was two or three games short. Yet the FIDE Qualifications Commission voted to give her the title. In my opinion, this historic occasion should not have been allowed to carry even this slight tarnish".

Nona was the first President of the National Olympic Committee of Georgia. In 2009 she won in Condino, Italy the World Senior Championship for women.

## Infobox (chess player)

- **playername**: Nona Gaprindashvili
- **image**: Nona Gaprindaschwili 1982.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Nona in 1982
- **birthname**: Nona Gaprindashvili
ნონა გაფრინდაშვილი
- **country**: USSR; Georgia (country), Georgia
- **placebirth**: Zugdidi, Georgia (country), Georgia
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster
- **womensworldchampion**: 1962–1978
- **rating**: 2360 (January 2010)
Laffy Taffy

**Laffy Taffy** is a type of taffy that comes in many fruit flavours. It is made by Nestlé and the Willy Wonka Candy Company. Laffy Taffy comes with jokes written on the wrapper. A piece of Laffy Taffy has 160 calories.
Giorgio de Chirico

**Giorgio de Chirico** (10 July 1888 – 20 November 1978) was an Italian painter and writer. In the years before World War I, he founded the _Scuola metafisica_ art movement. The name means "Metaphysical school". The _Scuola metafisica_ was a big influence on the surrealist painters. After 1919, he became interested in more traditional ways of painting. He began to paint in a neoclassical style.

De Chirico was born in Volos, Greece. His parents were Italian. He studied art first in Athens and then in Florence. In 1906 he went to Munich in Germany where he studied at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts.

## Related pages

- Bestetti Edizioni
- List of Italian painters

## Other websites

- De Chirico Foundation
- Giorgio de Chirico at the Museum of Modern Art

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Giorgio de Chirico
- **image**: Giorgio de Chirico (portrait).jpg
- **caption**: Giorgio de Chirico in 1936, photographed by Carl Van Vechten
- **birth name**: Giorgio de Chirico
- **birth place**: Volos, Greece
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **nationality**: Italian
- **occupation**: artist
Chris Bonington

**Sir Christian John Storey Bonington**, CBE (born 6 August 1934 in Hampstead, London) is a British mountaineer, someone who climbs mountains.

His has been to the Himalayas nineteen times. Four of those times, he climbed Mount Everest. He was the first to climb of the south part of the mountain Annapurna.
Jersey Telecom

**Jersey Telecom** is the former monopoly telephone operator in the Bailiwick of Jersey. Jersey is incorporated into the UK National Telephone Numbering Plan Ofcom | The National Numbering Scheme - Telephone Numbers administered by Ofcom area codes of +44 1534 for landlines and +44 7797 for Jersey Telecom mobiles, +44 7700 for Cable and Wireless mobiles and +44 7829 for Jersey Airtel mobiles. It is not connected to Jersey Post, the island's postal service.

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: Jersey Telecom
- **company type**: Subsidiary
- **foundation**: 1888
- **location**: St. Helier, Jersey, Channel Islands, UK
- **key people**: John Boothman, Chairman
- **industry**: Communications
- **parent**: States of Jersey
- **products**: Rapid Broadband
The Cable Guy

***The Cable Guy*** is an 1996 American black comedy thriller movie that was produced by Judd Apatow and Bernie Brillstein and was directed by Ben Stiller.

Jim Carrey plays a man with borderline personality disorder who installs cable television in people's homes. He is obsessed with one of his customers, played by Matthew Broderick.

The Cable Guy was released on June 14, 1996 in North America. The movie received mixed reviews with a 54% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 76 out of 100 from Metacritic.

## Cast

- Jim Carrey as Ernie "Chip" Douglas/Larry Tate/Ricky Ricardo a.k.a. The Cable Guy
- Matthew Broderick as Steven M. Kovacs
- Leslie Mann as Robin Harris
- Jack Black as Rick
- George Segal as Mr. Kovacs
- Diane Baker as Mrs. Kovacs
- Ben Stiller as Sam Sweet/Stan Sweet
- Tabitha Soren as Herself
- Eric Roberts as Himself
- Janeane Garofalo as Medieval Times Waitress
- Andy Dick as Medieval Times Host
- Harry O'Reilly as Steven's Boss
- David Cross as Sales Manager
- Amy Stiller as Steven's Secretary
- Misa Koprova as Heather
- Paul Greco as Raul
- Owen Wilson as Robin's Date

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Cable Guy
- **director**: Ben Stiller
- **producer**: Judd Apatow
Bernie Brillstein (executive producer)
- **writer**: Lou Holtz Jr.

Judd Apatow (uncredited)
Ben Stiller (uncredited)
Jim Carrey (uncredited)
- **starring**: Jim Carrey
Matthew Broderick
Leslie Mann
Jack Black
George Segal
Owen Wilson
Janeane Garofalo
Diane Baker
Ben Stiller
- **music**: John Ottman
- **cinematography**: Robert Brinkmann
- **editing**: Steven Weisberg
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **released**: June 14, 1996
- **runtime**: 96 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $47 million
- **gross**: $102,825,796
Annabeth

**Annabeth** is a female English given name. It is a combination of two names, Anna and Elizabeth, which are both classic and timeless names. This is a unique name (not in the 2021 national ranking of newborn mobility).

## People

- Annabeth Gish, American actress
- Annabeth Chase, a character in the _Percy Jackson & the Olympians_ stories
- Annabeth Rosen (born 1957), an American sculptor and art studio faculty member at the University of California, Davis
- Annabeth Barnes, an 11-year-old go-kart racer featured in the documentary film _Racing Dreams_
- Annabeth Berkeley, a dancer with National Dance Company Wales
Lucy Beale

**Lucy Beale** is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera _EastEnders_. The character was played by Eva Brittin-Snell (from 1993 to 1996), Casey Anne Rothery (from 1996 until 2004), Melissa Suffield (from 2004 to 2010), and Hetti Bywater (from 2012 to 2015). Lucy was introduced in December 1993 as the baby daughter of Ian (Adam Woodyatt) and Cindy Beale (Michelle Collins). Her stepmother was Jane Beale (Laurie Brett).

## Infobox (soap character)

- **series**: EastEnders
- **imagesize1**: 200px
- **name**: Lucy Beale
- **years**: 1993–2010, 2012–2015
- **introducer**: Leonard Lewis (1993)
Louise Berridge (2004)
 Bryan Kirkwood (producer), Bryan Kirkwood (2012)
Dominic Treadwell-Collins (2015)
- **first**: Episode 926

- **last**: EastEnders Live Week, Episode 5019

- **classification**: List of past EastEnders characters#Last appeared in 2015, Former; regular
- **occupation**: Student
 Waitress
 Chip shop worker
 Company director
 Estate agent
- **family**: Beale family, Beale
- **father**: Ian Beale
- **mother**: Cindy Beale
- **stepmother**: Laura Beale (2001–2004)
 Jane Beale (2007–2011)
- **brothers**: Peter Beale
- **halfbrothers**: Steven Beale
 Bobby Beale (EastEnders), Bobby Beale
- **halfsisters**: Cindy Williams (EastEnders), Cindy Williams
- **grandfathers**: Pete Beale
- **grandmothers**: Kathy Beale
 Bev Williams
- **uncles**: David Wicks
 Ben Mitchell (EastEnders), Ben Mitchell
- **aunts**: Donna Ludlow
 Gina Williams
- **nephews**: Louie Beale
- **nieces**: Beth Williams
 Abi Branning Jnr
- **cousins**: Bianca Jackson
 Joe Wicks
 Lexi Pearce
- **relatives**: Pauline Fowler
Camilla and Rebecca Rosso

**Camilla Rosso** and **Rebecca Rosso** (born 6 July 1994 in Wimbledon, London, England) are identical twin actresses. They had a role on _The Suite Life of Zack and Cody_, where they were the twins Janice (Camilla) and Jessica (Rebecca). They also had the principal roles in the third movie in the series of _Legally Blonde_, _Legally Blondes_, which appeared on ABC Family and Disney Channel. The Rosso twins are of British and Euro-Latina American descent.

## Careers

Camilla and Rebecca were discovered when they were selected in an audience by one of the executive producers of _The Suite Life of Zack & Cody_ at a live taping of the show. They then auditioned, and they started to perform the roles of twins Janice (Camilla) and Jessica (Rebecca). They appeared in 7 episodes of the show.

They appeared in the film _Legally Blondes_, which was released direct-to-DVD on April 28, 2009 as a sequel to _Legally Blonde_. Reese Witherspoon, star of the original _Legally Blonde_, presented and produced the film.

## Personal life

They currently live in Los Angeles with their mother, father, Aika (their dog), and three sisters Georgina (also an actress), Lola, and Bianca Rosso.

## Filmography

|Year||Title||Camilla's role||Rebecca's role||Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2006-2008|_The Suite Life of Zack & Cody_|Janice Ellis|Jessica Ellis|7 episodes|||||
|2009|_Legally Blondes_|Annabelle "Annie" Woods|Isabelle "Izzy" Woods|Main roles|||||

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Milly and Becky Rosso
- **image**: CamillaRebeccaRossoMarch09.jpg
- **caption**: Camilla and Rebecca in March 2009
- **birth name**: Camilla Rosso
Rebecca Rosso
- **birth place**: Wimbledon, London, England
- **alias**: Rosso Twins
- **occupation**: Actresses
- **years active**: 2006-present
Alexander Karelin

**Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Karelin** (born September 19, 1967 in Novosibirsk, Russian SFSR) is an athlete from the Russian Federation. He is considered the greatest Greco-Roman wrestler of all time and one of the best wrestlers of his time. He won gold medals at the 1988, 1992, and 1996 Olympic Games.
Sunday school

**Sunday School** is a kind of schooling found in many churches or other Christian communities. Classes are done on Sundays. Before or after the main part of worship, a class is held to learn more about that church's teachings and about the Bible. Sometimes the class is only for children, sometimes adults go there as well and sometimes there are different classes for adults and for children.

## Development

Sunday schools were first set up in the 1780s to provide education to working children on their one day off from the factory. Robert Raikes contributed to their development. Raikes was the editor of _The Glouchestor Journal_, and he wanted to stop children from becoming bad. In 1805, Stockport Sunday School made a school for 5000 students. In the late 19th century this was the largest in the world.
The first Sunday school in London opened at Surrey Chapel by a pastor named Rowland Hill. By 1831, 1,250,000 children went every week to Sunday School in Great Britain. This was bout 25 percent of the people.

The American Sunday School system was first begun by Samuel Slater in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in the 1790's.

Some Roman Catholic churches do Sunday schools, though Catholics commonly refer to Sunday school as "Catechism class".

Priests or pastors sometimes teach Sunday schools.

## Other websites

- Lesson guides and printable Bible activities
- Apostolic Children's Ministry
Grimké sisters

Sarah Grimké (1792-1873) and Angelina Grimké Weld (1805–1879), known as the **Grimké sisters**, were 19th-century American Quakers, educators and writers who supported abolitionism and women's rights.

The Grimké sisters were born in Charleston, South Carolina, USA. Sarah Moore Grimke was born on November 26, 1792 and Angelina Emily Grimke was born on November 26, 1805. They traveled in the North, talking about their experiences with slavery on their father's plantation. They were often mocked and laughed at. They both saw that women needed more freedom to help change society. They began helping the women's rights movement.

In 1838, the sisters became the first women to speak at a meeting of the Massachusetts state legislature. They spoke about slavery and abolitionism. People were very shocked. They helped attract thousands of women in New England to the movement. Many came to hear Sarah and Angelina speak at public lectures.

In 1838, Sarah wrote a paper called "Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women." It answered many questions which were asked in a letter by a group of ministers who did not like the sisters because they had stepped out of their "woman's proper sphere".

When Sarah was 80, she tried to vote.
They lived to see the end to slavery, and the beginning of women's rights.

## References

- Birney, Catherin H.  _The Grimké Sisters._  Greenwood Publishing Group, 1969.
- Ceplair, Larry, Editor.  _The Public Years of Sarah and Angelina Grimké: Selected Writings 1835 - 1839_.  Columbia University Press, New York, 1989.
    - Weld, Angelina Grimké. "Letters to Catharine E. Beecher, in reply to An Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism, addressed to A. E. Grimké (1837)."
    - Grimké, Sarah.  "Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Woman," addressed to Mary S. Parker, President of the Boston Female anti-Slavery Society, 1838.
- Faragher, John Mack, Mary Jo Buhle, Daniel Czitrom, and Susan H. Armitage. Out of Many: A History of the American People. 5th Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.
- Lerner, Gerda, _The Grimke Sisters From South Carolina: Pioneers for Women's Rights and Abolition_.   New York, Schocken Books, 1971 and The University of North Carolina Press, Cary, North Carolina, 1998.
- Willimon, William H.  _Turning the World Upside Down; the story of Sarah and Angelina Grimké._  Sandlapper Press, 1972.

## Other websites

- Letters on the Equality of the Sexes; Letters to Catharine E. Beecher  Sunshine for Women, 2000.
- An Epistle to the Clergy of the Southern States , Sarah Grimké, 1836.
- Grimké sisters’ anti-slavery message revived in Massachusetts state house  NECN.com
DjVu

**DjVu** (pronounced like French _déjà vu_) is a open computer file format. It is made mostly to store scanned documents. It is especially used for things with a mix of words, line drawings, and photographs inside. DjVu has been sold as an alternative to PDF, as it gives smaller files than PDF for most scanned documents.  The DjVu developers report that color magazine pages make smaller to 40–70 kB. Black and white technical papers make it smaller to 15–40 kB. Old manuscripts make smaller to around 100 kB; a satisfactory JPEG image usually needs 500 kB. Like PDF, DjVu can have a OCR text layer. This makes it easy to cut and paste, and search for text.

## Other websites

- DjVu.org

## Infobox (file format)

- **name**: DjVu
- **extension**: .djvu, .djv
- **mime**: image/vnd.djvu
- **type code**: DJVU
- **owner**: AT&T Laboratories, AT&T Research
- **released**: 1996
- **latest release version**: Version 27
- **latest release date**: July, 2006
- **genre**: Image file formats
- **url**: [http://www.djvu.org/ www.djvu.org]
People for the American Way

**People for the American Way** (PFAW) is a progressive organization that is involved in political activism. Issues that it involves itself in are judicial nominations, church/state separation, civil rights, voting rights for Washington, DC in the U.S. Congress and equal rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people and promotion of civic participation.

## Purpose

PFAW says about its purpose on its website
- People For the American Way is dedicated to making the promise of America real for every American: Equality. Freedom of speech. Freedom of religion. The right to seek justice in a court of law. The right to cast a vote that counts. The American Way.

- Our vision is a vibrantly diverse democratic society in which everyone is treated equally under the law, given the freedom and opportunity to pursue their dreams, and encouraged to participate in our nation’s civic and political life. Our America respects diversity, nurtures creativity and combats hatred and bigotry.

- We believe a society that reflects these constitutional principles and progressive values is worth fighting for, and we take seriously our responsibility to cultivate new generations of leaders and activists who will sustain these values for the life of this nation.

- Our operational mission is to promote the American Way and defend it from attack, to build and nurture communities of support for our values, and to equip those communities to promote progressive policies, elect progressive candidates, and hold public officials accountable.

## Other websites

- PFAW.org PFAW officiate website
- YouTube Videos
- PFAW blog

## Infobox (non-profit)

- **non-profit name**: People For the American Way
- **non-profit type**: Advocacy group
- **founded date**: 1981
- **founder**: Norman Lear
- **location**: Washington D.C.
- **key people**: Norman Lear
- **area served**: United States
- **focus**: Progressive advocacy
- **method**: Media attention, direct-appeal campaigns
- **homepage**: [http://www.pfaw.org/ PFAW Official Website]
- **tax exempt**: yes
Vladislav Listyev

**Vladislav Listyev** (, 10 May 1956 – 1 March 1995) was a Russian businessman, television presenter and journalist, the first Director-General of the Russian ORT television.
Mac Pro

The **Mac Pro** is a workstation computer made by Apple Inc. It is part of the company's Apple Macintosh group of computers. Also, it is the most powerful computer Apple sells. It runs on Intel Xeon microprocessors. It is like the Power Mac G5, which is the computer it replaced. The Mac Pro looks the same and the parts inside the computer can be changed the same, too. There are three other computers sold by Apple that are also called "desktop" computers. They are the iMac, Mac Mini, and Mac Studio.

The first Mac Pro was announced at the 2006 Apple Worldwide Developers Conference. The computer used the Intel Woodcrest microprocessor.
Mac Mini

The **Mac Mini** is a personal computer made by Apple Inc. It is small for a desktop computer, at 6.5 inches (16.5 cm) square and 2 inches (5.1 cm) tall. It was introduced on January 22, 2005. The newest model came out on November 2020. It weighs 2.9 pounds (1.31 kg). The Mac Mini's power supply is outside of the machine. It is about one third of the size of the computer itself.

The Mac Mini is the first Macintosh desktop to not ship with a keyboard or mouse. Also, it does not come with a display. The Mac Mini is mainly intended for buyers who are "switchers" (users moving from PC/Windows to Mac) who already own a display, USB keyboard and a mouse. Others could easily buy these if needed.

The newest model comes with Apple M1, 8 or 16 GB RAM, 256 GB, 1, 2 or 4 TB solid-state drive. It costs $699.
Xserve

The **Xserve** is a server made by Apple Inc. which started in 2002. It was Apple's first server since the Apple Network Servers that they made in 1996. It first came with one or two PowerPC G4 processors. Later, new PowerPC G5 were added. Now, the server runs on two quad-core Intel Nehalem CPUs.

The Xserve can be used for many things, such as a file server and web server. It can even be used for high-performance computing applications using clustering—a dedicated cluster Xserve, the **Xserve Cluster Node**. This means there are many Xserves linked together so they can combine their power. For this, it was available without a video card or optical drive.
AirPort

**AirPort** and **AirPort Extreme** are local area wireless networking products that are made by the company Apple Inc.

Both the AirPort and the AirPort Extreme can both mean the protocol, the expansion card or the base station.

In Japan, AirPort is called the AirMacAirMac because the name AirPort was taken by I-O DATA .
Mackerel

**Mackerel** is a common name given to a number of species of fish. Most mackerel are from the Scombridae family.

They are pelagic fish, found in both temperate and tropical seas. Most live along the coast or offshore in the oceanic environment.

Mackerel typically have vertical stripes on their backs and deeply forked tails. They are superb swimmers, but are often eaten by larger predators such as cod, sharks and dolphins.

Mackerel is an oily fish with rich of omega-3. The flesh of mackerel spoils easily, especially in the tropics, and can cause food poisoning. So, it should be eaten on the day of capture, unless pickled in salt, or refrigerated.
Theravada

**Theravada** is the oldest-surviving denomination of Buddhism.

## History of Theravada Buddism

Theravada was founded in Nepal. It is relatively conservative, and generally closest to early Buddhist practice. For many centuries it has been the main religion of Sri Lanka (now about 70% of the population) and most of continental Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand). Theravada is also practiced  by minorities in parts of southwest China (by the Shan and Tai ethnic groups), Vietnam (by the Khmer Krom),  Bangladesh (by the ethnic groups of Baruas, Chakma, and Marma), Malaysia and Indonesia.

## Theravada today

Recently this oldest-surviving denomination of Buddhism gaining popularity in Singapore and the Western world. Today Theravada Buddhists, who are also known as **Theravadins**, number over 100 million worldwide; in recent decades Theravada has begun to take root in the West and in the Buddhist revival in Nepal.

International Buddhist Meditation Center operates in Kathmandu.
Poverty line

The **poverty line**, which is also sometimes called the **poverty threshold**, is the smallest amount of money a person or a family needs to live on; to buy what is needed and is a line which is a gulf between the rich and the poor. It is the imaginary line drawn by the experts which has a particular amount if anybody earn income which is lower than this amount is known as poor and other who earn more than this amount is known as non-poor. People who are below this line are classified as poor. This line is used to decide who can get extra help with things like food, shelter or medical care. There is a poverty line based on the income and another based on consumption levels.

The poverty line is not the same in all countries. It can be decided by the economy. In the United States, the poverty line is different depending on how many people there are in a family. This is because it costs more to buy food and supplies for more people. So, for example, it is higher in a family with eight people than in a family with three people. The poverty line also makes sure the poor and rich are separated immensely. If there were not a poverty line, the distribution of goods to those of whom are actually poor, would decrease.

## Related pages

- Poverty
Taquería

**Taquería** (sometimes misspelled as _taquiria_) is a Spanish word meaning _taco shop_. In some places, means a restaurant specializing in burritos, although tacos and other Mexican dishes are often served as well. The first _taquerías_ were people in stalls on the streets, but now many _taquerías_ have moved into buildings and become restaurants.
Erin (color)

**Erin** is the color halfway between green and spring green on the color wheel. The color _erin_ is named after the word _Erin_, a poetic name for Ireland.

The first written use of _erin_ as a color name in English was in 1922.

## Meaning of erin

- The color Erin represents Ireland.

## Tones of erin color comparison chart

|Name|width=100|Color|HEX Code|Red|Green|Blue|Hue|Sat|Lum|Source|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Erin**|style = "background-color: #00ff3f;"||**#00FF3F**|**0**|**255**|**63**|**135°**|**100%**|**50%**|**Maerz & Paul**|
|Malachite|style = "background-color: #0bda51;"||#0BDA51|11|218|81|140°|90%|45%|Maerz & Paul|
|Emerald Green|style = "background-color: #50c878;"||#50C878|80|200|120|140°|52%|55%|Maerz & Paul|
|Irish Green|style = "background-color: #40c575;"||#40C575|64|197|117|144°|53%|51%|Pantone TPX 15-6340|
|Kelly Green|style = "background-color: #4cbb17;"||#4CBB17|76|187|23|101°|78%|41%|www.99colors.net|
|Jade Green|style = "background-color: #00A86B; color: #ffffff;"||#00A86B|0|168|107|158°|100%|33%|Maerz & Paul|
|Shamrock Green|style = "background-color: #009e60; color: #ffffff "||#009E60|0|158|96|156°|100%|31%|Maerz & Paul|
|Irish Isle|style = "background-color: #27a640; color: #ffffff "||#27A640|39|166|76|132°|62%|40%|Plochere|
|Viridian|style = "background-color: #40826d; color: #ffffff "||#40826D|64|130|109|161°|34%|38%|Maerz & Paul|
|Dark Erin|style = "background-color: #3b7861; color: #ffffff "||#3B7861|59|120|97|157°|34%|35%|Erin (ISCC-NBS)|

## Related pages

- List of colors