juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant

**Princess Elisabeth of Belgium, Duchess of Brabant** (; ; born 25 October 2001) is the heir apparent to the Belgian throne. The eldest child of King Philippe and Queen Mathilde, she became heir apparent after her grandfather King Albert II abdicated in favour of her father on 21 July 2013.

## Birth

The first child of the then Duke and Duchess of Brabant, Elisabeth was delivered by Caesarean section at 21:58 CET on 25 October 2001 at the Erasmus Hospital, the teaching hospital of Université libre de Bruxelles in Anderlecht, Brussels. She was baptized on 9 December 2001 in the chapel of Ciergnon Castle in the Belgian Ardennes, by Cardinal Godfried Danneels, the Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels. Her godparents are Archduke Amedeo of Austria-Este (paternal cousin), and Countess Hélène d'Udekem d'Acoz (maternal aunt).

## Titles, Styles and Honours

25 October 2001-21 July 2013: Her Royal Highness  Princess Elisabeth of Belgium

21 July 2013-present: Her Royal Highness  Princess Elisabeth of Belgium, The Duchess of Brabant

### Military Ranks

-25 September 2020-26 September 2023: Officer Cadet, Belgian Royal Military Academy

-26 September 2023-present: Second Lieutenant, Belgian Land Component

### Honors

-Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (Belgium) (25 October 2019)

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Princess Elisabeth
- **title**: Duchess of Brabant
- **image**: 2023 Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant (cropped)01.JPG
- **caption**: Elisabeth in 2023
- **birth name**: Princess Elisabeth of Belgium
- **birth place**: Erasmus Hospital, Anderlecht, Brussels, Belgium
- **house**: Monarchy of Belgium, Belgium
- **father**: Philippe of Belgium
- **mother**: Queen Mathilde of Belgium, Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism
Tine (company)

**TINE SA** is a Norwegian dairy product cooperative. The company has a long history dating back to 1928 and has seen many name changes before being given the Tine brand name in 1992. Tine was ranked the world's #1 cooperative by size by the International Cooperative Alliance in 2008. The name "Tine" comes from an old Norweigan wooden container used for keeping butter and cheese fresh.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Tine SA
- **logo**: Tine company logo.png
- **area served**: Norway
Global
- **key people**: Hanne Refsholt (CEO)
- **products**: Tinemelk milk
Jarlsberg cheese

Diplom-Is
- **revenue**: Norwegian kroneNOK 20.4 billion (2013)
- **net income**: 948 mill.
- **num employees**: 5,600 (2013)
- **website**: www.tine.no
2001 Algarve Cup

The **2001 Algarve Cup** was a soccer tournament for women's national teams held in Portugal. The tournament took place from March 9 to March 13, 2001. Eight teams participated in the tournament, which was won by the United States.

The teams were divided into two groups of four teams each. Each team played against the other teams in their group. The two teams with the most points in each group advanced to the semifinals.

In the semifinals, the winner of Group A played against the runner-up of Group B, and the winner of Group B played against the runner-up of Group A. The winners of these matches advanced to the final.

The United States won the tournament by defeating Norway in the final. Norway finished second, while China PR finished third.

The 2001 Algarve Cup was the eighth edition of the tournament. It is considered one of the most important women's soccer tournaments in the world. The tournament is named after the region of Algarve in Portugal where it takes place every year.
Georgism

**Georgism** is a way of thinking about economics and land use. It is based on the ideas of Henry George, an American economist and social philosopher. Georgists believe that people should have equal access to the benefits of land, which is a natural resource. They argue that the value of land comes from the community, and that this value should be shared equally among all members of society.

Georgism proposes a system of taxation that is based on the value of land. This is called a "land value tax" or "single tax". The idea is that people should pay a tax on the value of the land they own, but not on any improvements they make to the land. This would discourage land speculation and encourage the efficient use of land. Georgists believe that this would also promote social justice, by reducing inequality and poverty.

Georgism has been influential in many areas of economics and social policy. It has been used to support environmental conservation, urban planning, and social welfare programs. Georgists have also been involved in political movements, such as the Progressive movement in the United States and the Social Credit movement in Canada.

Critics of Georgism argue that it would be difficult to implement in practice, and that it could lead to unintended consequences, such as a reduction in the supply of land for productive use. They also question the idea that the value of land is created solely by the community, and suggest that individuals also play a role in creating value.

Despite its critics, Georgism remains an important idea in economics and social policy. It continues to be studied and debated by scholars and policymakers around the world, as they search for ways to create a more just and equitable society.
Henry George

**Henry George** was an American economist who lived during the 19th century. He was born in Philadelphia in 1839 and died in New York City in 1897. George is best known for his book "Progress and Poverty", which had a big impact on economic thought and politics in America and around the world.

In "Progress and Poverty", George argued that land should be owned by the community as a whole, rather than by individuals. He believed that if land were treated as a common resource, rather than a commodity to be bought and sold, it would benefit everyone, not just the wealthy.

George's ideas became known as Georgism, and they continue to be influential in modern discussions about economics and social justice. Georgism proposes a tax on the unimproved value of land, which would replace other forms of taxation and create a more equitable society.

Aside from his economic work, George was also involved in politics. He ran for mayor of New York City in 1886 on the United Labor Party ticket, and received over 30% of the vote. His campaign focused on issues of economic inequality and corruption in government.

George's ideas and legacy continue to be debated and studied to this day. His work has influenced figures as diverse as Winston Churchill, Sun Yat-sen, and Martin Luther King Jr.
Gliese 1

**Gliese 1** is a red dwarf in the constellation Sculptor, which is found in the southern celestial hemisphere. It is one of the closest stars to the Sun, at a distance of 14.2 light years. Because of its closeness to the Earth it is a frequent object of study and much is known about its physical properties and composition. However, with an apparent magnitude of about 8.6 it is too faint to be seen with the naked eye.
Kentucky Rain

"**Kentucky Rain**" is a 1970 song by Elvis Presley as a non-album single. It went to number 6 in Canada, number 7 in Australia, number 10 in Canada, number 14 in Ireland, number 16 in the United States and number 21 in the United Kingdom.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Kentucky Rain
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Elvis Presley
- **b-side**: My Little Friend
- **released**: January 29, 1970
- **recorded**: February 19, 1969
- **studio**: American Sound Studio, Memphis, Tennessee
- **genre**: Country music, Country, Soft rock
- **length**: 3:20
- **label**: RCA Records, RCA 9791
- **writer**: Eddie Rabbitt, Dick Heard
- **producer**: Chips Moman
- **prev title**: Don't Cry Daddy
- **prev year**: 1969
- **next title**: The Wonder of You#Elvis Presley version, The Wonder Of You
- **next year**: 1970
Dancing at Lughnasa (movie)

***Dancing at Lughnasa*** is a 1998 American British Irish historical drama movie directed by Pat O'Connor and was based on the 1990 play of the same name by Brian Friel. It stars Meryl Streep, Michael Gambon, Kathy Burke, Catherine McCormack, Sophie Thompson, Bríd Brennan, Rhys Ifans, Lorcan Cranitch, Carolyn Pickles and was distributed by FilmFour Distributors.
New York Minute (song)

"**New York Minute**" is a 1989 song by Don Henley. It was taken from his album _The End of the Innocence_. It went to number 48 in the United States in 1990. It has been associated with the September 11 attacks in New York.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: New York Minute
- **border**: yes
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Don Henley
- **album**: The End of the Innocence (album), The End of the Innocence
- **released**: October 1989 (UK)
November 1990 (US)
- **recorded**: 1988
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **length**: 6:37
- **label**: Geffen Records, Geffen
- **writer**: Don Henley, Danny Kortchmar, and Jai Winding
- **producer**: Don Henley and Danny Kortchmar
- **prev title**: How Bad Do You Want It?
- **prev year**: 1990
- **next title**: The Garden of Allah (song), The Garden of Allah
- **next year**: 1995
Mosgiel

**Mosgiel**  (Māori: _Te Konika o te Matamata_) is a urban satellite town and is fifteen kilometers west of Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand. It has 5 primary schools and one high school in the town. It is the home of All Black coach Steve Hansen and rugby union and rugby league player Brad Thorn.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **zoom**: 10


## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mosgiel
- **native name**: Te Konika o te Matamata (Māori language, Māori)
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Mosgiel.jpg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: New Zealand
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of New Zealand, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Otago
- **subdivision type2**: Territorial authorities of New Zealand, Territorial authority
- **subdivision name2**: Dunedin City Council
- **leader title**: Regions of New Zealand, Regional council
- **leader name**: Otago Regional Council
- **leader title1**: Territorial authorities of New Zealand, Territorial authority
- **leader name1**: Dunedin City Council
- **leader title2**: Community boards in New Zealand, Community board
- **leader name2**: Mosgiel-Taieri Community Board
- **area total km2**: 16.97
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: NZST
- **utc offset1**: +12
- **timezone1 dst**: NZDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: +13
- **postal code type**: Post code
- **postal code**: 9024
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 03
Peak Forest Canal

The **Peak Forest Canal** is a narrow (7-foot gauge) canal in northern England. It is 14.8 miles (23.8 km) long.  There is a flight of 16 locks that raise the canal by 209 feet (64 m) over the course of 1 mile. It was opened in 1800.

It goes from  Dukinfield in Tameside, where it joins the Ashton Canal and crosses the River Goyt at Marple  where it meets the Macclesfield Canal. It goes on to the  Bugsworth Basin in Derbyshire.  The  Peak Forest Tramway, which was 6 miles (9.7 km) long was used to bring  limestone down from the quarries.  There is  a short branch to the centre of Whaley Bridge.

By the early 1960s it was in a very poor state but it has been restored.
Lock (water navigation)

A **lock** is a part of a navigable waterway system that makes a water "channel" deep enough for vessels to use.  The lock controls pool depths, for example in a lock and dam system across a waterway.

The lock is a place where boats that travel up or down a river or canal can be moved to the next higher or lower level.  Locks are built in places where the level of the water in the river or canal suddenly changes.  This may be because of a waterfall there, or because a dam or a weir has been built, or because some other thing is in the way.  The lock is like a big chamber with gates at each end.  They have lock gears which empty or fill the chamber with water.  Locks help a river to be more easily navigable (easier for boats to travel up and down), or for canals to be built across country that is not level.

A pound lock, the most common sort, has a chamber with gates at both ends that control the level of water.  They were first used in China during the Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD).  On rivers locks were built from turf.  Most of them have been rebuilt in brick or stone.

|colspan="2"|For a boat going upstream:|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="6"||||||||
|valign="top" align="right" nowrap=""|1–2.|valign="top"|The boat enters the lock.|valign="top" align="right" nowrap=""|8–9.|valign="top"|The boat enters the lock.|
|valign="top" align="right" nowrap=""|3.|valign="top"|The lower gates are closed.|valign="top" align="right" nowrap=""|10.|valign="top"|The upper gates are closed.|
|valign="top" align="right" nowrap=""|4–5.|valign="top"|The lock is filled with water from upstream.|valign="top" align="right" nowrap=""|11–12.|valign="top"|The lock is emptied by draining its water downstream.|
|valign="top" align="right" nowrap=""|6.|valign="top"|The upper gates are opened.|valign="top" align="right" nowrap=""|13.|valign="top"|The lower gates are opened.|
|valign="top" align="right" nowrap=""|7.|valign="top"|The boat exits the lock.|valign="top" align="right" nowrap=""|14.|valign="top"|The boat exits the lock.|
All pound locks have three elements:

- A watertight _chamber_ connecting the upper and lower canals, and large enough for one or more boats. The position of the chamber is fixed, but its water level can vary.
- A _gate_ (often a pair of "pointing" half-gates) at each end of the chamber. A gate is opened to allow a boat to enter or leave the chamber; when closed, the gate is watertight.
- A  valve (traditionally, a flat panel (paddle) lifted by winding a rack and pinion mechanism) which allows water to drain into or out of the chamber. Larger locks may use pumps.
Hormone replacement therapy

**Hormone replacement therapy**, also known as **menopausal hormone therapy** or **postmenopausal hormone therapy**, is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms of the female menopause.  Estrogens and progesterones are the main drugs used.  Evidence shows that there are health benefits but there can be side effects.

## Common side effects

- Headache
- Upset stomach, stomach cramps or bloating
- Diarrhea
- Appetite and weight changes
- Changes in sex drive or performance
- Nervousness
- Brown or black patches on the skin
- Acne
- Swelling of hands, feet, or lower legs due to fluid retention
- Changes in menstrual flow
- Breast tenderness, enlargement, or discharge
- Sudden difficulty wearing contact lenses
Cosmic time

**Cosmic time**, or **cosmological time**, is the time coordinate commonly used in the Big Bang models of physical cosmology. Such time coordinate may be defined for a homogeneous, expanding universe so that the universe has the same density everywhere at each moment in time (the fact that this is possible means that the universe is, by definition, homogeneous). The clocks measuring cosmic time should move along the Hubble flow.

Cosmic time  is a measure of time by a physical clock with zero peculiar velocity (weird speed) without matter over-/under-densities (to prevent time expanding due to relativistic effects or confusions caused by expansion of the universe). Unlike other measures of time such as temperature, redshift, particle horizon, or Hubble horizon, the cosmic time (similar and combining in a way to make something better to the comoving coordinates) is blind to the expansion of the universe.

There are two main ways for establishing a reference point for the cosmic time. The most easy way is to take the present time as the cosmic reference point (sometimes referred to as the _lookback time_).

In a different way, the Big Bang may be taken as reference to define  as the **age of the universe**, also known as **time since the big bang**. The current physical cosmology estimates the present age as 13.8 billion years. The  doesn't necessarily have to go along with a physical event (such as the cosmological singularity) but rather it refers to the point at which the scale factor would dissappear for a standard cosmological model such as Lambda-CDM model. For instance, in the case of inflation, In other words a non-standard cosmology, the hypothetical moment of big bang is still decided using the test result cosmological models which may happen at the same time as the end of the inflationary epoch. For technical purposes, ideas such as the average temperature of the universe (in units of eV) or the particle horizon are used when the early universe is the goal of a study since understanding the interaction among particles is more important and related than their time coordinate or age.

Cosmic time is the standard time coordinate for specifying the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker solutions of Einstein field equations.
Change of Heart (Jimmy Barnes song)

"**Change of Heart**" is a 1995 song by Jimmy Barnes and is the lead single from his eighth studio album _Psyclone_. It went to number 17 in Australia and number 31 in New Zealand.

## Track listing

** CD Single** (D11980)
1. "Change Of Heart" - 4:01
1. "Edgewood" - 2:57
1. "The Other Side" - 4:16

** CD Maxi** (DX11980)
1. "Change Of Heart"
1. "Come Undone" <small> (Live Acoustic Version) </small>
1. "You Can't Always Get What You Want" <small> (Live Acoustic Version) </small>
1. "Many Rivers to Cross" <small> (Live Acoustic Version) </small>

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Change of Heart
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Jimmy Barnes
- **album**: Psyclone (album), Psyclone
- **released**: May 1995
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, Rock music, rock, Blues music
- **length**: 4:01
- **label**: Mushroom Records
- **writer**: Jimmy Barnes, Jeff Neill, Michael Hegarty, Guy Davies
- **producer**: Joe Hardy, Jimmy Barnes
- **prev title**: It Will Be Alright
- **prev year**: 1994
- **next title**: Come Undone
- **next year**: 1995
Into Temptation (song)

"**Into Temptation**" is a 1988 song by Crowded House and third single from their second studio album _Temple of Low Men_. It went to number 12 in the Netherlands, number 28 in Belgium, number 38 in New Zealand and number 59 in Australia. It was covered by Renée Geyer in 2005.

## Track listings

_All songs by Neil Finn except "This Is Massive" by Paul Hester._

### Australian single

_Released on 7" vinyl, CD and 12" vinyl._
1. "Into Temptation" – 4:32
1. "Mansion in the Slums" (live)
1. "This Is Massive" (live)

### North American release

_Released on 7" vinyl and cassette._
1. "Into Temptation" – 4:32
1. "Better Be Home Soon" – 3:07

### European release

_Released on 12" vinyl._
1. "Into Temptation" – 4:32
1. "Now We're Getting Somewhere" (live)
1. "Mansion in the Slums" (live)

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Into Temptation
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Crowded House
- **album**: Temple of Low Men
- **released**: December 1988
- **recorded**: 1987
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **length**: 4:32
- **label**: Capitol Records, Capitol
- **writer**: Neil Finn
- **producer**: Mitchell Froom
- **prev title**: When You Come
- **prev year**: 1988
- **next title**: Sister Madly
- **next year**: 1988
Middlemarch, New Zealand

**Middlemarch** is a small town in the Otago region. It is 80 kilometers northwest of Dunedin. It has a primary school in the small town. It is the terminus of the Taieri Gorge Railway and is at the start of the Otago Central Rail Trail. It has hot summers and very cold and dry winters.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **zoom**: 7


## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Middlemarch
- **settlement type**: Rural settlement
- **image skyline**: State Highway 87, Middlemarch, NZ.JPG
- **image caption**: Looking south along New Zealand State Highway 87, State Highway 87 at Middlemarch
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: New Zealand
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of New Zealand, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Otago
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of New Zealand, District
- **subdivision name2**: Dunedin
- **leader title**: Regional council
- **leader name**: Otago Regional Council
- **leader title1**: Territorial authorities of New Zealand, Territorial authority
- **leader name1**: Dunedin City Council
- **leader title2**: Community boards in New Zealand, Community board
- **leader name2**: Strath Taieri Community Board
- **population total**: 153
- **population as of**: 2018 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **area total km2**: 1.05
- **timezone1**: NZST
- **utc offset1**: +12
- **timezone1 dst**: NZDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: +13
- **postal code type**: Postcode
- **postal code**: 9597
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 03
- **blank name**: Local iwi
- **blank info**: Ngāi Tahu
Söğüt

**Söğüt** is a town in Bilecik Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Söğüt District. 13,566 people lived here in 2021.
State Academic Folk Dance Ensemble Faizi Gaskarov

** State Academic Folk Dance Ensemble Faizi Gaskarov** is a professional folk dance company of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

The ensemble was formed in 1936-38. The first dancers were graduates of the ballet school and amateur dancers. In 1938, the ensemble was part of the Bashkir State Philharmonic. On March 11, 1939, Faizi Gaskarov, a student of Igor Moiseev, became the artistic director of the ensemble. In 1940 the group was formed as an independent ensemble. In the same year there were the first tours of Bashkortostan. Later there were tours to the USS, Turkey and other countries. In 1988, the ensemble was named after Fayzi Gaskarov.

The repertoire of the ensemble includes Bashkir dances 'Seven Girls', 'Gulnazira', 'Zarifa' and others. The ensemble also performs dances of the peopl of Russia.
The audience likes the American Country dance, the Argentine Gaucho dance, the Spanish Andalusian Evenings dance, and the Indian dance. The repertoire of the ensemble includes more than 140 folk dances  of the world.

Thanks to the performances of the ensemble, people in different countries of the world learn about the Bashkir culture, about Bashkortostan. Only in recent years, the folk dance ensemble has toured in France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and Germany. Turkey, Great Britain, in the countries of Southeast Asia.

## Awards

- Salawat Yulayev Award
- In 1994, the ensemble won the bronze prize of the Stars of the World festival (Turkey).
- In October 2013, at the UNESCO, the ensemble was awarded the UNESCO Gold Medal "Five Continents", the diploma "Ambassador of the World"

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: State Academic Folk Dance Ensemble Faizi Gaskarov
- **image**: Здание ансамбля имени Файзи Гаскарова.jpg
- **caption**: Folk dance ensemble building
- **location**: Bashkortostan
- **website**: https://gaant-rb.ru/
Lactulose

**Lactulose** is a synthetic disaccharide (a special kind of sugar). It can be obtained from Lactose, at high temperatures. When milk is treated using heat, for example with pasteurization, some Lactulose will be result as well. Friedrich Petuely (1922-94) discovered that Lactulose also has properties that are useful for medical treatments: It is beneficial to the gut flora of infants. In larger quantities, in adults, it acts as a laxative. In the gut, Lactrulose favors the growth of bacteria that can process lactose.
Scorpion (Marvel Comics)

**Scorpion** is the name of several fictional supervillains appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, commonly serving as an enemy to Spider-Man and Iron Fist. The most well-known incarnation of the character is **Mac Gargan**. He later becomes a member of the Thunderbolts, and is later exposed to a Symbiote and becomes the third Venom as well as the first villain to take on the Spider-Man mantle when being part of the Dark Avengers.

## In other media

Since his debut during the Silver Age of Comic Books, the character has featured in various Marvel-endorsed products and media adaptations, such as feature movies, television series and video games. He made his live-action debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movie _Spider-Man: Homecoming_ (2017), portrayed by Michael Mando.
Self-incrimination

**Self-incrimination** is a concept that is found in many law systems. It means that a person cannot be forced to push charges against himself, or herself. This also includes the Right to silence. In many cases, this is also true about close family (parents, brothers/sisters).

This rule can alreafy be found in the Code of Justinian, of the 6th century.
Virginia Dare

**Virginia Dare** was the daughter of Ananias Dare, and the first English child born in the Americas. The Roanoke Colony and its colonists, including Virginia, disappeared sometime between 1587 and 1590. Her disappearance is unknown, but it is assumed that she was killed along with the rest of the colonists in homicide. Her body was never found.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Virginia Dare
- **image**: Baptism of Virginia Dare.jpeg
- **birth place**: Roanoke Island, modern-day North Carolina
- **death date**: 1591
 (aged  34)
- **status**: Death, Deceased
 (her body was never discovered)
- **death cause**: Declared death in absentia, Presumed homicide
- **relatives**: Ananias Dare
 (father)
  Eleanor Dare (mother)
- **nationality**: British colonial Americans, American
- **known for**: First known English child to be born in the Americas.
Assigned to Danger

***Assigned to Danger*** is a 1948 American crime drama thriller movie directed by Budd Boetticher and starring Gene Raymond, Noreen Nash, Robert Bice, Martin Kosleck, Mary Meade, Ralf Harolde, Gene Evans and Emory Parnell. It was distributed by Eagle-Lion Films.
Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe

**Virginia Eliza Poe** (née Clemm; August 15, 1822  January 30, 1847) was an American poet who was the spouse (wife) of Edgar Allan Poe. She was the author of only a single poem. They were first cousins. They first met in 1829. She was seven at the time.

## Biography

Virginia Clemm was born in 1822 to parents William Clemm and his spouse (wife) Maria Poe. Virginia's father William died when she was a child.

In 1829, when Virginia's first cousin Edgar Allan Poe, the infamous American poet, fell into poverty, he moved into his aunt's house, where he met Virginia, then seven years old. Over the years, Edgar fell in love with Virginia. He decided that he wanted to marry her in the summer of 1835, when she was 13, and he was 26. (This is only known through letters he wrote to his aunt Maria). Even though it has been disputed exactly when Edgar and Virginia got married (due to lack of records), it is known that they were already married shortly before Virginia turned 14. This means Edgar and Virginia got married in either 1835 or 1836.

Virginia's husband Edgar realized she had great talent in singing and encouraged her to sing songs.

In 1841, Virginia began to cough frequently, especially while singing to her husband and mother.
Despite this, her husband encouraged her to continue singing. The coughing did not improve over time.

By the middle of January 1842, while Virginia was singing, she began coughing up blood. At first, Edgar was of little concern, but when the coughing got worse and more blood began to come out after some time, Edgar's concern grew. Virginia was taken to a physician who diagnosed her with having tuberculosis. Upon hearing this, Edgar later moved her to the countryside hoping the nature over there would ease Virginia's pain. Virginia stayed in the countryside for around seven months, only to become weaker and much more ill during this time. By January 1847, Virginia was so weak and ill that she was starting to die.

Virginia died on the 30th of January 1847, at the age of 24.

Her body was buried in the nearby cemetery, but later moved to the Westminster Hall and Burying Ground in Baltimore, Maryland.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe
- **image**: VirginiaPoe.jpg
- **caption**: Virginia Poe, as painted after her death
- **birth name**: Virginia Eliza Clemm
- **birth place**: Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
- **death place**: Bronx County, New York, U.S.
 Pulmonary tuberculosis
- **occupation**: Poet
- **notableworks**: An unnamed acrostic poem
(dated 1846)
- **resting place**: Westminster Hall and Burying Ground, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
- **genre**: Acrostic
- **spouse**: Edgar Allan Poe (married 1835 or 1836 – 1847)
- **children**: None known
The Sorrows of Young Werther

**The Sorrows of Young Werther (German: _Die Leiden des jungen Werthers_  )**is one of the most famous book of German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

His style that pursuing the joy and sorrow of young people was epochal at the time when there was a lot of French aristocratic literature.It published in 1774.It was based on his experience．
New York City (painting)

***New York City***  is a painting by Piet Mondrian. The painting was completed in 1942. It used to be known as  ***New York City I***<span style="padding-left: 0.15em"></span> It is on display in the Musée National d'Art Moderne at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, France.

There is an unfinished version of the work, called **New York City I**. It has strips of paper tape, which the artist could re-arrange to try what different designs would look like. The unfinished version is shown at the Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen in Düsseldorf, Germany.  In 2022, people discovered that the artwork had been hanging upside down for years. To avoid damaging the painting, its orientation was not changed.

## _New York City I_

_The Guardian_ states that the painting was first shown at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City in 1945. The Netherlands Institute for Art History has no record of  this exhibition, and says that the painting was first shown at the Valentine Gallery in New York City in 1946 for about three weeks.  The estate of Piet Mondrian in New York City owned the painting until they sold it to the city's Sidney Janis Gallery in 1958.  It was then briefly in the hands of Galerie Beyeler in Basel, Switzerland, in 1980. Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen  bought it later that same year.

Art historian Susanne Meyer-Büser announced in October 2022 that the artwork had been displayed upside down at the Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen for decades.  The other artwork _New York City_ has a denser group of lines at the top of the painting, which were said to represent the sky, while _New York City I_ was displayed with those lines at the bottom.  A picture of the painting in the artist's studio also showed the painting with the denser lines at the top.  There is no signature on the canvas. This might have added to the confusion.  Mondrian had not signed the work, possibly because it was unfinished.

After the issue was pointed out, a number of people stated that the error was obvious.  Because the work is very fragile, the museum decided to keep the painting oriented upside down.  Changing the orientation of the painting might have caused parts of it to disintegrate; the adhesive used has deteriorated, some of the tapes are "hanging by a thread".

## Notes

}}

## Infobox (artwork)

- **title**: New York City
- **image**: Piet Mondriaan, 1942 - New York City I.jpg
- **caption**: _New York City_ (1942)
- **wikidata**: Q18710663
- **artist**: Piet Mondrian
- **medium**: oil painting, oil on canvas
- **height metric**: 119.3
- **width metric**: 114.2
- **metric unit**: cm
- **museum**: Musée National d'Art Moderne
- **city**: Paris, France


## Infobox (artwork)

- **title**: New York City I
- **image**: New York City I.jpg
- **caption**: _New York City I_ (1941), upside down
- **wikidata**: Q22115324
- **artist**: Piet Mondrian
- **medium**: oil and painted paper strips on canvas
- **height metric**: 120
- **width metric**: 115.2
- **metric unit**: cm
- **condition**: upside-down painting, upside down
- **museum**: Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Kunstsammlung
- **city**: Düsseldorf, Germany
Online dating

**Online dating** is using websites or special applications to find like-minded users to connect and interact with each other. People can find romantic relationships, or partners for sex on such platforms. Most often, people who are single use these platforms.

Commonly, peole create an account, and add details to their profile. The platform then allows them to find  other people with similar profiles. When they are searching, people could then filter the results to only include other people who are close, or who are in a certain age range.

Depending on the site, a user might be able to send a message to another user, or to do a voice call (often using VOIP).

## How online dating works

Most online dating apps require users to create an account and complete a personal profile. This profile usually includes age, location, interests, and a short description about the user. Some platforms also ask questions about lifestyle, values, and relationship goals.

After creating a profile, users can search for other members. Search tools and filters allow people to narrow results by age, distance, gender, or interests. Many platforms use matching systems or algorithms to suggest potential partners based on profile information and user activity.

Users can communicate through private messages, chat, voice calls, or video calls. Some services limit communication features to paying members.

## Problems

These sites also have a number of problems:

- There may be fake profiles, of people that do not exist.
- There are no background checks on the users; there have been several cases of sex workers using such sites.
- People on these sites may be involved in other kinds of fraud.
- Most of the time, men use such sites; the different portals usually do not publish the ratio of male to female members.
- Most of the sites are based on a subscription-model; this carries the risk of high costs, due to contracts that run for a long time, for example.

Sociologists have also pointed out other problems:

- In many cases the matching algorithms are not very good
- Very often, relationships are also based one person finding the other physically attractive. A match-making purely based on a checklist of common interests completely neglects this.
Chief Minister of Koshi Province

The **Chief Minister of Koshi Province** is the head of government of Koshi Province.

## List of chief ministers of Koshi province

|colspan="2" rowspan="2" width="25px"||rowspan="2" width="100px"|Portrait|rowspan="2" width="200px"|Name|colspan="3"|Term of office|rowspan="2" width="90px"|Assembly|rowspan="2" width="160px"|Political party|rowspan="2" width="120px"|Cabinet|rowspan="2" width="40px"||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||**1**||Sher Dhan Rai|14 February 2018|26 August 2021||rowspan="3" bgcolor="ffc7c7"|1st|rowspan="2"|CPN (UML)|S. D. Rai|||||
|**2**||Bhim Acharya|26 August 2021|1 November 2021||Acharya||||||||||
||**3**||R. K. Rai|2 November 2021|9 January 2023||CPN (Unified Socialist)|R. Rai||||||||
||**4**||Hikmat Kumar Karki|9 January 2023|7 July 2023||rowspan="6" bgcolor="dddddd"|2nd|CPN (UML)|H. K. Karki I||||||
|rowspan="2"|rowspan="2"|**5**|rowspan="2"||rowspan="2"|Uddhav Thapa|7 July 2023|2 August 2023||rowspan="2"|Nepali Congress|Thapa I||||
|2 August 2023|8 September 2023||Thapa II|||||||||||||
||****||Hikmat Kumar Karki|8 September 2023|15 October 2023||CPN (UML)|H. K. Karki II||||||||
||**6**||Kedar Karki|15 October 2023|9 May 2024||Nepali Congress|K. Karki||||||||
||****||Hikmat Kumar Karki|9 May 2024|_Incumbent_||CPN (UML)|H. K. Karki III||||||||

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Chief Minister
- **body**: Koshi Province
- **native name**: कोशी प्रदेशका मुख्यमन्त्री
- **insigniasize**: 120px
- **insigniacaption**: Koshi Province, Emblem of Koshi Province
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **incumbent**: Hikmat Kumar Karki
- **incumbentsince**: 9 May 2024
- **department**: Government of Koshi Province
- **style**: The Honorable, Honourable
The Honourable, Mr. Chief Minister
- **status**: Head of Government
- **abbreviation**: CM0
- **appointer**: Governor (Nepal), Governor
- **termlength**: Until majority confidence retained in provincial assembly
Assembly term is 5 years unless dissolved earlier
- **first**: Sher Dhan Rai
- **salary**: Nrs.61,000
First Hikmat Kumar Karki cabinet

The **Hikmat Kumar Karki** cabinet is the 4th provincial government of Koshi Province. It was formed after Hikmat Kumar Karki was sworn in as Chief Minister of Koshi Province on 9 January 2023.

### Current Formation

|width="200px"|S.N.|width="200px"|Portfolio|width="200px"|Portrait|width="200px"|Holder|width="100px"|Date|colspan="2"|Party|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="7" bgcolor="darkgrey"|**Cabinet ministers**|||||||||||
|* **Chief Minister**|||9 January 2023|rowspan="3" bgcolor=""||rowspan="3"|CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist)|||||
|* Minister for Drinking Water, Irrigation and Energy * Minister for Health|||9 January 2023|||||||||
|* Minister for Social Development|||13 January 2023|||||||||
|* Minister for Industry, Agriculture and Co-Operatives|||9 January 2023|bgcolor=""||Rastriya Prajatantra Party||||||

### Former arrangements

|width="200px"|S.N.|width="200px"|Portfolio|width="200px"|Portrait|width="200px"|Holder|width="100px"|Date|colspan="2"|Party|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="7" bgcolor="darkgrey"|**Cabinet ministers**|||||||||||
|* **Chief Minister**|||9 January 2023|rowspan="3" bgcolor=""||rowspan="3"|CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist)|||||
|* Minister for Drinking Water, Irrigation and Energy|||9 January 2023|||||||||
|* Minister for Social Development|||13 January 2023|||||||||
|* Minister for Tourism, Forests and Environment|||13 January 2023 — 6 June 2023|rowspan="2" bgcolor=""||rowspan="2"|CPN (Maoist Centre)|||||
|* Minister for Transport Infrastructure and Urban Development|||13 January 2023 — 6 June 2023|||||||||
|* Minister for Industry, Agriculture and Co-Operatives|||9 January 2023|bgcolor=""||Rastriya Prajatantra Party||||||
|* Minister for Health|||9 January 2023 – 31 May 2023|bgcolor=""||People's Socialist Party, Nepal||||||

## Infobox (government cabinet)

- **cabinet type**: Cabinet
- **previous**: Rajendra Kumar Rai cabinet
- **legislature term**: 2nd Koshi Provincial Assembly, 2nd
- **election**: 2022 Koshi Provincial Assembly elections, 2022
- **opposition leader**: Uddhav Thapa
- **opposition party**: Nepali Congress
- **legislature status**: _Koshi Provincial Assembly, Provincial Assembly _

- **cabinet number**: 4th
- **members number**: 6
- **state head title**: President
- **state head**: Ram Chandra Poudel
- **government head title**: Chief Minister of Koshi Province, Chief Minister
- **government head**: Hikmat Kumar Karki
- **date formed**: 9 January 2023
- **caption**: Chief Minister of Koshi Province, Chief Minister Hikmat Kumar Karki
- **image**: Rt-Hon Hikmat Kumar Karki.jpg
- **flag**: Flag of Nepal.svg
- **jurisdiction**: Koshi Pradesh, Koshi Province
- **represented by title**: Governor of Koshi Province, Governor
- **represented by**: Parshuram Khapung
- **successor**: First Uddhav Thapa cabinet
Parshuram Khapung

**Parashuram Khapung** is a Nepalese politician. He became the Governor of Koshi Province in 2021. He was appointed Governor, as per the Article 163 (2)  of the Constitution of Nepal by the President Bidya Devi Bhandari on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers of the Government of Nepal on 11 November 2021. He is a former member of House of representatives.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable, Honourable
- **name**: Parshuram Khapung
- **native name**: परशुराम खापुङ
- **office**: 3rd Governor of Koshi Province
- **1blankname**: Chief Minister
- **1namedata**: Rajendra Kumar Rai (Nepalese politician), Rajendra Kumar Rai
Hikmat Kumar Karki
- **president**: Bidhya Devi Bhandari
Ram Chandra Poudel
- **primeminister**: Sher Bahadur Deuba
Pushpa Kamal Dahal
- **term start**: 11 November 2021
- **predecessor**: Somnath Adhikari
- **office1**: Member of House of Representatives (Nepal), House of Representatives
 Tehrathum
- **term start1**: 1986
- **term end1**: 1991
- **birth place**: Tehrathum District, Tehrathum, Nepal
- **nationality**: Nepalis, Nepali
- **citizenship**: Nepalis, Nepali
- **country**: Nepal
- **party**: People's Socialist Party, Nepal(?-2021)
- **honorific suffix**: House of Representatives (Nepal), MP
The Borderers

***The Borderers*** is a British television drama series that aired on BBC Two from 31 December, 1968 to 31 March, 1970. It ran for 26 episodes over two seasons with eleven episodes still missing. It was set during the 16th century and chronicled the lives of the Kerr family who lived in the Scottish Middle March. It starred Iain Cuthbertson, Michael Gambon, and Edith MacArthur.
Platymantis taylori

***Platymantis taylori*** is a frog.  It lives in the Philippines on Luzon Island.  People have seen it between 100 and 400 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is about 26.6-33.0 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 30.7 to 39.8 mm long.  There is no webbed skin on the front feet and only a small amount of webbed skin on the back feet.  The skin on the frog's back is brown or gray-brown in color, with black spots.
Line of succession to the Bhutanese throne

The line of succession to the throne of Bhutan is based on the constitution of Bhutan.

## Order of succession

- King Jigme Singye, The Fourth Druk Gyalpo (b. 1955)
    - **King Jigme Khesar Namgyel, The Fifth Druk Gyalpo** (b. 1980)
        - **(1)** Prince Jigme Namgyel, The Druk Gyalsey (b. 2016)
        - **(2)** Prince Jigme Ugyen (b. 2020)
    - **(3)** Princess Sonam Yangden (b. 2023)
    - **(4)** Prince Jigyel Ugyen (b. 1984)
    - **(5)** Prince Khamsum Singye (b. 1985)
    - **(6)** Prince Jigme Dorji, The Gyaltshab (b. 1986)
        - **(7)** Ashi Decho Pema (b. 2014)
    - **(8)** Prince Ugyen Jigme (b. 1994)
    - **(9)** Princess Chimi Yangzom (b. 1980)
        - **(10)** Dasho Jigme Ugyen (b. 2006)
        - **(11)** Dasho Jamyang Singye (b. 2009)
    - **(12)** Princess Sonam Dechen (b. 1981)
        - **(13)** Dasho Jigje Singye (b. 2009)
        - **(14)** Dasho Jigme Jigten (b. 2013)
    - **(15)** Princess Dechen Yangzom (b. 1981)
        - **(16)** Dasho Ugyen Dorji
        - **(17)** Dasho Jigme Singye
        - **(18)** Ashi Dechen Yuidem Yangzom
    - **(19)** Princess Kesang Choden (b. 1982)
        - **(20)** Dasho Jamgyel Singye
        - **(21)** Dasho Ugyen Junay
        - **(22)** Ashi Tshering Tshoyang (b. 2019)
    - **(23)** Princess Euphelma Choden (b. 1993)

## Notes

The list is made up of the nearest family of the current monarch. The actual line of succession may be much longer as there could be other legitimate descendants of King Ugyen Wangchuck.

## Eligibility

The legitimate descendants of King Ugyen Wangchuck are presently entitled to succeed. If a king dies leaving a pregnant wife, the unborn child will automatically assume a place in the line of succession if there is no male heir. A person loses his or her succession rights if he or she marries a person who is not a natural born Bhutanese citizen.
Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway

**Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway** (born 3 December 2005) is the younger child of Crown Prince Haakon and Crown Princess Mette-Marit. He is third in line to succeed his grandfather King Harald V, after his father and elder sister, Princess Ingrid Alexandra.

## Birth and education

Prince Sverre Magnus was born on 3 December 2005 at The National Hospital the Oslo University Hospital in Oslo, where his sister Princess Ingrid Alexandra had been born a year earlier.

## Constitutional status

The Constitution of Norway was changed in 1990 to introduce full primogeniture, ensuring that the crown would pass to the eldest child regardless of sex but keeping the Crown Prince ahead of his elder sister, Princess Märtha Louise. This change applied for the first time to the children of the Crown Prince, meaning that Sverre Magnus would not rank above his elder sister, as would have happened under the older constitutional rules. Sverre Magnus is third in the line of succession to the Norwegian throne following his sister. He is a member of the Royal Family but not of the Royal House, which includes only his grandparents, parents, and sister.

### Titles and styles

- 3 December 2005 – present: His Highness  Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway

### Honors

- : Recipient of King Harald V's Jubilee Medal 1991-2016 (17 January 2016)
- Norway: Grand Cross of the Royal Order of St Olav (3 December 2023)

## Title and style

Prince Sverre Magnus is styled as _His Highness_ Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway, as opposed to his sister, who is styled as _Her Royal Highness_.

## Other websites

- Biography on the official website of the Royal House of Norway
- Video by NRK from the baptism of Prince Sverre Magnus

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Prince Sverre Magnus
- **image**: Sverre Magnus de Norvège.png
- **birth place**: Rikshospitalet, The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- **father**: Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway
- **mother**: Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby
- **religion**: Church of Norway
Håkøya

**Håkøya** is an island in Tromsø Municipality, Norway. It's a  island located in between two other islands called Kvaløya and Tromsøya. It's close to a town called Eidkjosen and a city called Tromsø.

Most of the trees are on the higher parts of the island. People mostly live near the water, and there are houses, small holiday homes, and farms.

There is a bridge that connects Håkøya to Kvaløya called Håkøybrua. The bridge used to be made of wood, but now it's made of steel and concrete.

During World War II, a ship called the Tirpitz was on Håkøya. The ship belonged to Germany, and it was there for about a month. But then British planes came and bombed the ship, and it sank. Many people died, and there is now a memorial on Håkøya to remember them.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: Håkøya
- **image**: Haakoeya - Aerial - 2022.jpg
- **location**: Troms og Finnmark, Norway
- **area km2**: 3.69
- **length km**: 3
- **width km**: 2.3
- **elevation m**: 105
- **highest mount**: Skjellstronghaugen
- **country**: Norway
- **country admin divisions title**: County
- **country admin divisions**: Troms og Finnmark
- **country admin divisions title 1**: Municipality
- **country admin divisions 1**: Tromsø Municipality
- **image caption**: View of Håkøya
Kjosen, Tromsø

**Kjosen** is a small town in Tromsø Municipality in Norway. The town is on Kvaløya island, about  away from the city of Tromsø. It is located at the end of the Kaldfjorden, north of Kaldfjord village. Kvaløysletta village is located about  to the east, and Ersfjordbotn village is located about  to the west.

Kjosen is a very small town, covering an area of about . As of 2022, the town had a population of 370 people.

## Infobox (city)

- **official name**: Kjosen
- **settlement type**: Village
- **image skyline**: Kjosen, Tromsø, streetview (2014).jpg
- **image caption**: View of Kjosen
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Norway
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Norway, Region
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Norway, County
- **subdivision type3**: Districts of Norway, District
- **subdivision type4**: List of municipalities of Norway, Municipality
- **subdivision name1**: Northern Norway
- **subdivision name2**: Troms og Finnmark
- **subdivision name3**: Hålogaland
- **subdivision name4**: Tromsø Municipality
- **population total**: 370
- **population density km2**: 1888
- **timezone1**: Central European Time
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **area total km2**: 0.1960
- **population as of**: 2022