juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Robert D. Fulton

**Robert David Fulton** (born May 13, 1929) is an American politician. He briefly served as the 37th Governor of Iowa during the first 16 days of 1969. He also served as the 38th Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1965 to 1969. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Fulton was born in Waterloo, Iowa.
Stan Stephens

**Stanley Graham Stephens** (September 16, 1929 – April 3, 2021) was an American politician and broadcaster. He served as the 20th Governor of Montana from 1989 until 1993. He was born in Calgary, Alberta. Stephens is a member of the Republican Party.

Stephens died on April 3, 2021 in Kalispell, Montana at the age of 91.

## Other websites

- Montana Broadcasters Association
- National Governors Association
- Montana Historical Society
- The Political Graveyard

## Infobox (governor)

- **name**: Stan Stephens
- **order**: 20th
- **office**: Governor of Montana
- **term start**: January 2, 1989
- **term end**: January 4, 1993
- **lieutenant**: Allen Kolstad
Denny Rehberg
- **predecessor**: Ted Schwinden
- **successor**: Marc Racicot
- **birth place**: Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- **death place**: Kalispell, Montana, United States
- **spouse**: Ann Hanson Stephens
- **profession**: Journalist
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
Murphy J. Foster Jr.

**Murphy James Foster, Jr.**, known as **Mike Foster** (July 11, 1930 – October 4, 2020) was an American politician. He served as the 53rd Governor of Louisiana. He served from January 1996 until January 2004. Foster is a businessman, landowner, and sportsman in St. Mary Parish.

Foster died in Franklin, Louisiana on October 4, 2020 at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- State of Louisiana – Biography
- DuBos, Clancy.  “Foster on Fire.”  _Gambit Weekly_.  October 3, 1995.
- Kurtz, David.  “Mike’s Millions:  He may be a working man, but Mike Foster certainly doesn’t have to.”  _New Orleans Magazine_, May 1996.
- Reeves, Miriam.  _The Governors of Louisiana_.  Gretna: Pelican Publishing, 1998.
- Warner, Chris.  “Mike Foster’s Legacy: What Will it Be?” _State Business Louisiana_. Winter 2002.
- Governor Murphy J. "Mike" Foster, Jr. 

## Infobox (governor)

- **image**: GovFoster1.JPG
- **caption**: Governor Mike Foster at a meeting
- **order**: 53rd
- **office**: Governor of Louisiana
- **term start**: January 8, 1996
- **term end**: January 12, 2004
- **lieutenant**: Kathleen Blanco
- **predecessor**: Edwin Edwards
- **successor**: Kathleen Blanco
- **state senate2**: Louisiana
- **district2**: 21st
- **predecessor2**: Anthony Guarisco, Jr.
- **successor2**: John Siracusa
- **term start2**: 1988
- **term end2**: 1996
- **birth name**: Murphy James Foster, III
- **birth place**: Franklin, Louisiana, Franklin, Louisiana, U.S.
- **death place**: Franklin, Louisiana, U.S.
- **spouse**: Alice C. Foster
- **parents**: Murphy J. and Olive Roberts Foster
- **relations**: Murphy J. Foster, Sr. (paternal grandfather)

Robert Roberts, Jr. (maternal grandfather)

Captain Alfred Goodwill (maternal great-grandfather)

Jasper Goodwill (cousin)
- **profession**: Rancher; businessman
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (before 1995)
 Republican Party (United States), Republican (since 1995)
- **alma mater**: Louisiana State University

Southern University Law School
- **residence**: Franklin, Louisiana
- **branch**: United States Air Force
- **battles**: Korean War
Ed Gillespie

**Edward Walter "Ed" Gillespie** (born August 1, 1961) is an American Republican politician. He served as the 61st Chairman of the Republican National Committee and Counselor to the President during George W. Bush's administration.

Gillespie, along with Democrat Jack Quinn, founded Quinn Gillespie & Associates, a bipartisan lobbying firm. In January 2014, Gillespie announced he was running for Virginia's U.S. Senate seat currently held by Mark Warner in the 2014 election, and on June 7, 2014, he received the Republican nomination.

In October 2015, Gillespie announced his plans to run for Governor of Virginia in 2017. In June 2017, he became the Republican Party's candidate for governor in Virginia's 2017 election, facing Democratic nominee Ralph Northam who later won the election.

## Other websites

- Official Senate Campaign Website
- Quinn & Gillespie
- Chris Oakes, "Selling America on Crypto," _Wired_, March 4, 1998.
- The United States Needs a Clear and Realistic Encryption Policy , Statement of Edward Gillespie, executive director, Americans for Computer Privacy, March 4, 1999.
- Jim VandeHei, "Bush Policies Ease Transition For Aides Into Lobbyist Jobs," _Wall Street Journal_, March 19, 2001.
https://web.archive.org/web/20030226013426/http://www.counterpunch.org/pipermail/counterpunch-list/2001-March/007364.html
- Ryan Lizza, "The Insider," _New Republic_, June 19, 2001.
https://web.archive.org/web/20021030041000/http://www.tnr.com/073001/lizza073001_print.html
- A look at the 2004 presidential field , CNN.com, January 1, 2003: Ed Gillespie joined "Crossfire" hosts James Carville and Tucker Carlson.
- Robert Novak, "Bush on the Hill ," Creators Syndicate, May 24, 2003.
- Mike Allen, "Bush Picks Campaign Chief, RNC Chairman ," _Washington Post_, June 17, 2003.
- Elisabeth Bumiller, "Fierce Defender of President to Lead Campaign for Court", _New York Times_, July 6, 2005.
- Thomas B. Edsall, "Lobbyist to Campaign For Bush Court Nominee: Gillespie Choice Marks Bid to Use GOP Muscle", _Washington Post_, July 8, 2005.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ed Gillespie
- **image**: Ed Gillespie by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg
- **office2**: Counselor to the President
- **president2**: George W. Bush
- **term start2**: July 5, 2007
- **term end2**: January 20, 2009
- **predecessor2**: Dan Bartlett
- **successor2**: Peter Rouse
- **office3**: Chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia
- **term start3**: December 4, 2006
- **term end3**: June 13, 2007
- **predecessor3**: Kate Obenshain
- **successor3**: John H. Hager, John Hager
- **office4**: Chairman of the Republican National Committee
- **term start4**: July 25, 2003
- **term end4**: January 20, 2005
- **predecessor4**: Marc Racicot
- **successor4**: Ken Mehlman
- **birth name**: Edward Walter Gillespie
- **birth place**: Mount Holly Township, New Jersey, Mount Holly Township, New Jersey, New
Jersey, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Cathy
- **children**: John
Carrie
Mollie
- **alma mater**: The Catholic University of America, Catholic University of America
Joe Marston

**James Edward "Joe" Marston** MBE (7 January 1926 – 29 November 2015) was an Australian association football player. He became the first Australian to appear in a FA Cup Final when he turned out for Preston North End in their 1954 defeat to West Bromwich Albion. He was born in Leichhardt, New South Wales, Australia.

Martson's death was announced on 29 November 2015. He was 89 years old.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Joe Marston
- **image**: Joe Marston 1964.jpg
- **caption**: Marston in 1964
- **fullname**: James Edward Marston
- **birth place**: Leichhardt, New South Wales, Australia
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **years1**: 1943–1949
- **years2**: 1950–1955
- **years3**: 1955–1958
- **years4**: 1959–1964
- **years5**: 1969
- **clubs1**: Leichhardt-Annandale
- **clubs2**: Preston North End
- **clubs3**: Leichhardt-Annandale
- **clubs4**: APIA Leichhardt Tigers, APIA Leichhardt
- **clubs5**: Western_Suburbs_SC_(NSW), Western Suburbs
- **caps2**: 185
- **goals2**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1947–1958
- **nationalteam1**: Australia national football team, Australia
- **nationalcaps1**: 13
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1958
- **manageryears2**: 1965
- **manageryears3**: 1966
- **manageryears4**: 1966
- **manageryears5**: 1967–1969
- **manageryears6**: 1972–1973
- **manageryears7**: 1974–1977
- **manageryears8**: 1978–1979
- **managerclubs1**: Australia national football team, Australia _(Player-Coach)_
- **managerclubs2**: APIA Leichhardt Tigers, APIA Leichhardt
- **managerclubs3**: Australia national football team, Australia
- **managerclubs4**: APIA Leichhardt Tigers, APIA Leichhardt
- **managerclubs5**: Western Suburbs
- **managerclubs6**: APIA Leichhardt Tigers, APIA Leichhardt
- **managerclubs7**: Auburn
- **managerclubs8**: Sydney Olympic
Fernando de la Rúa

**Fernando de la Rúa** (15 September 1937 – 9 July 2019) was an Argentine politician. He was president of the country from December 10, 1999 to December 21, 2001. He resigned during the December 2001 riots.

He died of heart and kidney failure in Belén de Escobar, Argentina on 9 July 2019 at the age of 81.

## Other websites

- Biography and tenure by CIDOB (in Spanish)

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Fernando de la Rúa
- **image**: Fernando de la Rúa con bastón y banda de presidente.jpg
- **nationality**: Argentine
- **order**: President of Argentina
- **term start**: 10 December 1999
- **term end**: 21 December 2001
- **predecessor**: Carlos Menem
- **successor**: Adolfo Rodríguez Saá
- **birth place**: Córdoba, Argentina
- **death place**: Belén de Escobar, Argentina
- **children**: 3, including Antonio de la Rúa, Antonio
- **party**: Radical Civic Union/Alliance for Work, Justice and Education, Alliance
- **vicepresident**: Carlos Álvarez (Vice-president), Carlos Álvarez (1999–2000)
None (2000–2001)
- **order2**: 1st Mayor of Buenos Aires, Chief of Government of Buenos Aires
- **term start2**: 6 August 1996
- **term end2**: 10 December 1999
- **president2**: Carlos Menem
- **predecessor2**: Jorge Domínguez (politician), Jorge Domínguez (as appointed mayor)
- **successor2**: Enrique Olivera
- **profession**: Lawyer
- **signature**: Firma Fernando de la Rua vec.svg
Loretta Lynch

**Loretta Elizabeth Lynch** (born May 21, 1959) is an American attorney who served as the 83rd United States attorney general from 2015 to 2017. She was also the United States attorney for the Eastern District of New York from 1999 to 2001 and again from 2010 to 2015.

In November 2014, President Barack Obama nominated Lynch to succeed Eric Holder as Attorney General. Lynch was later confirmed by the Senate and was sworn-in, becoming the first African-American woman U.S. attorney general in U.S. history.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Loretta Lynch
- **image**: Loretta Lynch, official portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2015
- **alt**: Lynch smiling in front of an American flag
- **office**: 83rd United States Attorney General
- **president**: Barack Obama
- **deputy**: Sally Yates
- **term start**: April 27, 2015
- **term end**: January 20, 2017
- **predecessor**: Eric Holder
- **successor**: Jeff Sessions
- **office1**: United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York
- **president1**: Barack Obama
- **term start1**: May 8, 2010
- **term end1**: April 27, 2015
- **predecessor1**: Benton J. Campbell
- **successor1**: Robert Capers
- **president2**: Bill Clinton
George W. Bush
- **term start2**: June 2, 1999
- **term end2**: May 2, 2001
- **predecessor2**: Zachary W. Carter
- **successor2**: Roslynn R. Mauskopf
- **birth name**: Loretta Elizabeth Lynch
- **birth place**: Greensboro, North Carolina, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Juris Doctor, JD)
- **signature**: Loretta Lynch signature.png
Michael Mukasey

**Michael Bernard Mukasey**
(;
born July 28, 1941)
is an American lawyer and former judge. He served as the 81st Attorney General of the United States. Mukasey was appointed following the resignation of Alberto Gonzales. Mukasey also served for 18 years as a judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, appointed by Ronald Reagan, six of those years as Chief Judge.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Michael Mukasey
- **image**: Michael Mukasey, official AG photo portrait, 2007.jpg
- **office**: 81st United States Attorney General
- **president**: George W. Bush
- **deputy**: Craig S. Morford (acting)
Mark Filip
- **term start**: November 9, 2007
- **term end**: January 20, 2009
- **predecessor**: Alberto Gonzales
- **successor**: Eric Holder
- **office1**: Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
- **term start1**: March 12, 2000
- **term end1**: August 1, 2006
- **predecessor1**: Thomas P. Griesa, Thomas Griesa
- **successor1**: Kimba Wood
- **office2**: Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
- **appointer2**: Ronald Reagan
- **term start2**: November 9, 1987
- **term end2**: September 9, 2006
- **predecessor2**: Abraham David Sofaer, Abraham Sofaer
- **successor2**: Richard Sullivan (judge), Richard Sullivan
- **birth name**: Michael Bernard Mukasey
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Susan Bernstock
- **children**: Marc
Jessica
- **alma mater**: Columbia College, Columbia University, Columbia University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Yale Law School (Bachelor of Laws, LL.B)
William Barr

**William Pelham "Bill" Barr** (born May 23, 1950) is an American attorney. He was the 85th Attorney General of the United States from February 14, 2019 to December 23, 2020 under the Donald Trump presidency. Before, he was the 77th Attorney General under the George H. W. Bush presidency from 1991 to 1993.

On December 7, 2018, President Donald Trump announced that he would nominate Barr to again serve as Attorney General of the United States. He was confirmed, for a second time, as Attorney General on February 14, 2019, and assumed office later the same day.

On December 14, 2020, Trump announced that Barr would be resigning as attorney general, effective December 23.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: William Barr
- **image**: William Barr.jpg
- **office**: 77th and 85th
United States Attorney General
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **deputy**: Rod J. Rosenstein
Ed O'Callaghan (acting)
Jeffrey A. Rosen
- **term start**: February 14, 2019
- **term end**: December 23, 2020
- **predecessor**: Jeff Sessions
- **successor**: Merrick Garland
- **president1**: George H. W. Bush
- **deputy1**: George J. Terwilliger III
- **term start1**: August 16, 1991
- **term end1**: January 20, 1993
Acting: August 16, 1991 – November 26, 1991
- **predecessor1**: Dick Thornburgh
- **successor1**: Janet Reno
- **office2**: 25th United States Deputy Attorney General
- **president2**: George H. W. Bush
- **term start2**: May 1990
- **term end2**: November 26, 1991
- **predecessor2**: Donald B. Ayer
- **successor2**: George J. Terwilliger III
- **office3**: United States Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel
- **president3**: George H. W. Bush
- **term start3**: April 1989
- **term end3**: May 1990
- **predecessor3**: Douglas Kmiec
- **successor3**: J. Michael Luttig
- **birth name**: William Pelham Barr
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: Columbia University (BA, MA)
George Washington University (Juris Doctor, JD)
Nicholas Katzenbach

**Nicholas deBelleville "Nick" Katzenbach** (January 17, 1922 –  May 8, 2012) was an American lawyer. He was the United States Attorney General during the Lyndon B. Johnson administration. He was Attorney General from February 1965 through October 1966.

## Other websites

- Oral History Interviews with Nicholas Katzenbach, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
- Artículo en español del diario "El País", 26 de mayo de 2012, "Nicholas Katzenbach, crucial político en la sombra"

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Nicholas Katzenbach
- **image**: Nicholas Katzenbach at White House, 6 May 1968.jpg
- **office**: 65th United States Attorney General
- **president**: Lyndon B. Johnson, Lyndon Johnson
- **deputy**: Ramsey Clark
- **term start**: September 4, 1964
- **term end**: October 2, 1966

- **predecessor**: Robert F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy
- **successor**: Ramsey Clark
- **office1**: 24th Under Secretary of State, Undersecretary of State
- **president1**: Lyndon B. Johnson, Lyndon Johnson
- **term start1**: October 3, 1966
- **term end1**: January 20, 1969
- **predecessor1**: George Ball (diplomat), George Ball
- **successor1**: Elliot Richardson
- **office2**: 5th United States Deputy Attorney General
- **president2**: John F. Kennedy, John Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson, Lyndon Johnson
- **term start2**: April 16, 1962
- **term end2**: January 28, 1965
- **predecessor2**: Byron White
- **successor2**: Ramsey Clark
- **birth name**: Nicholas deBelleville Katzenbach
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Skillman, New Jersey, Skillman, New Jersey, U.S.
- **parents**: Edward L. Katzenbach
Marie Hilson Katzenbach, Marie Hilson
- **spouse**: Lydia King Phelps Stokes
- **children**: John Katzenbach (writer), Christopher W. Katzenbach (Attorney), [https://www.google.com/search?q=%22Maria+Katzenbach%22+novelist&oq=%22Maria+Katzenbach%22+novelist&aqs=chrome..69i57.7669j0j4&sourceid=chrome&espv=210&es_sm=122&ie=UTF-8 Maria 'Mimi' Katzenbach] (novelist), Anne De Belleville Katzenbach
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: Phillips Exeter Academy
Princeton University
Yale Law School
Balliol College, Oxford
- **branch**:  United States Army Air Forces, U.S. Army Air Forces
- **unit**: Eighth Air Force
- **battles**: World War II
Frequency probability

**Frequency probability** or **Frequentism** is one of the interpretations of probability theory. Repeating a scientific experiment very often gives a number of results. It is then possible, to count the number of times that a given event happened and compare it to the total number of experiments.

This interpretation of probabiilty was very important for statistics. People who use this interpretation are often called **Frequentists**. Well-known frequentists include  Richard von Mises, Egon Pearson, Jerzy Neyman, R. A. Fisher and John Venn.

Other interpretations of probability are Bayesian probability and Axiomatic probability theory
Satellite navigation

A **satellite navigation** or **satnav** system is a way of pinpointing position very exactly.

Satnav uses a system of satellites. The system gives exact positioning. It allows small electronic receivers to find their position (longitude, latitude, and altitude/elevation). The position is given within a few metres using time signals transmitted along a straight line (line of sight) by radio from satellites. The signals also allow the receivers to calculate the current local time to high precision. A satellite navigation system with global coverage may be called a **global navigation satellite system** (**GNSS**). Global Positioning System is the biggest and most used GNSS. GLONASS, owned by Russia, is the second biggest. China, India, and the European Union are working on similar systems of their own.
Bad Santa

**Bad Santa** is a 2003 American Christmas criminal black comedy movie.

## Cast

- Billy Bob Thornton
- Tony Cox
- Brett Kelly
- Lauren Graham

## Soundtrack

1. Nocturne No. 2 in E-Flat Minor Op 9
1. Jingle Bell Rock by Bobby Sherman

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Bad Santa
- **alt**: A scruffy dishevelled Santa Claus, standing beside a scowling man in a yellow suit, and a fat child and an Santa helper elf standing in front of them.
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Terry Zwigoff
- **producer**: John Cameron
Sarah Aubrey
Bob Weinstein
- **writer**: Glenn Ficarra
John Requa
- **starring**: Billy Bob Thornton
Tony Cox (actor), Tony Cox
Lauren Graham
Brett Kelly (actor), Brett Kelly
Lauren Tom
John Ritter
Bernie Mac
- **music**: David Kitay
- **cinematography**: Jamie Anderson
- **editing**: Robert Hoffman
- **studio**: Tryptich Pictures
- **distributor**: Dimension Films
- **runtime**: 95 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $23 million
- **gross**: $76.5 million
Property law

**Property law** covers two types of property in the common law legal system, real property and personal property. In the civil law system, there is a division between movable and immovable property. Movable property is more or less the same as personal property. It includes money, stocks, notes, copyrights and patents.

## History

The idea behind all property law is property. In some jurisdictions, historically all property was owned by the monarch. Land ownership was through land tenure in feudal systems. The first legal right of absolute ownership was under Roman law and was called _dominion_.

The Napoleonic Code was among the first government acts of modern times to introduce the notion of absolute ownership into statute. But protection of personal property rights was present in medieval Islamic law.
Tyler Ritter

**Tyler David Ritter** (born January 31, 1985) is an American actor best known as the star of _The McCarthys_. Ritter is the son of the late John Ritter. He is also the brother of Jason Ritter. He grew up in Los Angeles. Ritter acted in high school plays and student movies, but did not immediately pursue acting professionally. After graduating from the University of Pennsylvania in 2007, he worked for three years as a teacher in Argentina. There he married director Lelia Parma. He returned to Los Angeles and began a career as an actor at age 25. Ritter has had guest roles on _Hot in Cleveland_, _Modern Family_, _Grey's Anatomy_ and _NCIS_. He landed the starring role on the 2014 sitcom _The McCarthys_, playing Ronny McCarthy, the openly gay son in a family of six.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tyler Ritter
- **birth name**: Tyler David Ritter
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, United States
- **occupation**: Actor
- **relatives**: Jason Ritter (brother)
Dorothy Fay (grandmother, dead)
Tex Ritter (grandfather, dead)
- **parents**: John Ritter (father, dead)
Nancy Morgan (mother)
- **years active**: 2007-present
Super Mario 128

***Super Mario 128*** refers to a series of development projects that were originally to be used only to create a sequel to _Super Mario 64_. As debuted at Nintendo's Space World trade show in 2000, the demonstrated graphics and physics concepts were gradually incorporated into various games across many years. This includes the rapid object generation in _Pikmin_, the "sphere walking" technology used in _The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess_ and _Super Mario Galaxy_, and the physics of _Metroid Prime_.

### _Super Mario 64_ sequel

The name _Super Mario 128_ was first used as early as January 1997 by Shigeru Miyamoto, as a possible name for a _Super Mario 64_ sequel. This rumored expansion and sequel to _Super Mario 64_ called _Super Mario 64-2_ was said to be developed for the Nintendo 64DD, but ended up being cancelled due to the 64DD's commercial failure. Shigeru Miyamoto mentioned at E3's 1997 convention that he was "just getting started" on the project.

In November 1999, Shigeru Miyamoto said, "Well, for over a year now at my desk, a prototype program of Mario and Luigi has been running on my monitor. We've been thinking about the game, and it may be something that could work on a completely new game system." The game had only a demo of one level made for it. Miyamoto claimed that multiplayer functionality was the first aspect of the game that he wanted to include.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Super Mario 128
- **image size**: 270px
- **caption**: _Super Mario 128_ as shown at the Nintendo Space World, SpaceWorld event in August 2000.
- **developer**: Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development, Nintendo EAD
- **series**: _Super Mario_
- **genre**: Adventure game, Adventure, Platform game, platform
- **platforms**: Nintendo GameCube/Wii
Autonomic dysreflexia

**Autonomic dysreflexia** (**AD**), also called **autonomic hyperreflexia**, is a medical emergency.

## Who Gets Autonomic Dysreflexia

AD usually happens in people with spinal cord injuries that have caused damage above the sixth thoracic vertebra (T6, which is about at the same level of the armpits).  However, AD sometimes happens in people with spinal damage as low as their tenth thoracic vertebra (T10, which is about a few inches above the level of the belly button).

AD can also happen in people with diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS).

## Symptoms

Acute AD causes many symptoms.  Some are very dangerous.  These symptoms include:
- Hypertensive emergency: the person's blood pressure gets very high all of a sudden.  The blood pressure can get so high that it can cause a stroke.
- bradycardia, a slow heart rate.  If the heart beats too slowly, the rest of the body cannot get enough blood or oxygen.  This is dangerous, because every part of the body needs blood (which carries oxygen) to survive.  For example:
    - If the brain does not get enough oxygen, a person can get brain damage or die.
    - If the heart does not get enough oxygen, it can stop beating normally or even stop beating completely.
- Bad headaches
- Very bad sweating
- Stuffy nose
- Skin flushing (redness) above the level of the spinal injury
- anxiety
- Thinking problems

## Causes

Acute AD happens when the involuntary nervous system gets overexcited.  The body's fight or flight response kicks in very strongly.

Scientists think this happens because of afferent nerves.  Afferent nerves are supposed to sense things (like touch) and send messages back to the brain and spinal cord so the brain can decide how to react.  Scientists think that afferent nerves below the spinal cord injury cause blood pressure to get and stay high, by causing the blood vessels to get smaller.  This is part of the fight or flight response.

## Infobox (disease)

- **name**: Autonomic dysreflexia
- **diseasesdb**: 1155
- **medlineplus**: 001431
- **emedicinesubj**: article
- **emedicinetopic**: 322809
- **meshid**: D020211
Anchor Bay Entertainment

**Anchor Bay Entertainment** is an American home entertainment and production company founded in 1985. It is a division of Starz Media which is a unit of and a joint venture with Starz Inc. which owns 75%. The Weinstein Company owns 25%. It was owned by IDT Entertainment until 2006 when IDT was purchased by Starz Media. Anchor Bay markets and sells feature movies, television series, television specials and short films to consumers worldwide. In 2004, Anchor Bay agreed to have its movies distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment and renewed their deal in 2011.

Anchor Bay also had a movie studio known as **Anchor Bay Films** which distributed independent theatrical films.

It is distributed by the home video releases of _Thomas & Friends_, _Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!_, and _Chuggington_.

in 2017, Anchor Bay was shut down.
Tomasz Tomczykiewicz

**Tomasz Kazimierz Tomczykiewicz** (2 March 1961 – 28 November 2015) was a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on September 25, 2005 and again in 2015 for the 8th Sejm. He was also a member of Sejm 2001-2005, Sejm 2005-2007, Sejm 2007-2011.

Tomczykiewicz was admitted to a hospital on 25 November 2015 due to a kidney disease. He died three days later in Katowice, Poland at the age of 54.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Tomasz Tomczykiewicz
- **nationality**: Polish
- **image**: Tomasz Tomczykiewicz.JPG
- **imagesize**: frameless
- **office**: Parliamentary leader, Parliamentary Leader of the Civic Platform

<small>8th Civic Platform, Leader of the Civic Platform in the Sejm</small>
- **term start**: 22 July 2010
- **term end**: 7 November 2011
- **leader**: Donald Tusk
- **predecessor**: Grzegorz Schetyna
- **successor**: Rafał Grupiński
- **office2**: Sejm, Member of Sejm
 <small>Sejm, 4th Parliament • Sejm, 5th Parliament • Sejm, 6th Parliament</small>
- **term start2**: 19 October 2001
- **term end2**: 28 November 2015
- **party**: Civic Platform
- **birth name**: Tomasz Kazimierz Tomczykiewicz
- **birth place**: Pszczyna, Poland
- **death place**: Katowice, Poland
Hugh Hewitt

**Hugh Hewitt** (born February 22, 1956) is an American radio talk show host. He works with the Salem Radio Network. He is also a  lawyer, academic, and author. Hewitt is a conservative and a Catholic, he comments on society, politics, and media bias in the United States. Hewitt is also a law professor at Chapman University School of Law.

## Other websites

- Hewitt's columns at Townhall.com

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hugh Hewitt
- **image**: Hugh Hewitt 2017.jpg
- **caption**: Hewitt speaking in 2017
- **birth place**: Warren, Ohio, Warren, Ohio, United States, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Harvard University
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **occupation**: Radio talk show host, lawyer, academic, author
- **employer**: Salem Radio Network
- **years active**: 1983-present
Warren, Ohio

**Warren** is a city in and the county seat of Trumbull County, Ohio, United States.  The city is located in northeastern Ohio, approximately  northwest of Youngstown and  west of the Pennsylvania state line.

The population was 39,201 at the 2020 census. Warren is part of the _Youngstown-Warren, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area_.

## Other websites

- Warren's official website
Eldar Ryazanov

**Eldar Alexandrovich Ryazanov** (; 18 November 1927 – 30 November 2015) was a Russian movie director and screenwriter. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1984. He was born in present day Samara, Russia.

He was known for his movies; _Carnival Night_ (1955), _Hussar Ballad_ (1962), _Beware of the Car_ (1966), _The Irony of Fate_ (1975), _Office Romance_ (1977), _The Garage_ (1979), _A Cruel Romance_ (1984), and _Promised Heaven_ (1991).

Ryazanov suffered a stroke in 2014. He was rushed to a hospital in Moscow for breathing problems on 21 November, 2015. Ryazanov died there eight days later on the night of 30 November from respiratory and heart failure at the age of 88.

## Other websites

- Russian Fan Site
Anatoly Savin

**Anatoly Ivanovich Savin** (born 6 April 1920 in Ostashkov, Russia - 27 March 2016) was a Russian scientist. He is a specialist in the field of information and control automation systems. He is also a doctor in Technical Science. Savin is the chairman of the Council on the problems of image processing and the scientific director of OJSC.

## Other websites

- Интервью с Савиным
- На сайте Концерн ПВО «Алмаз-Антей»
- На сайте Биографический центр
- На сайте ЦНИИ «Комета»
Norman Jewison

**Norman Frederick Jewison**, CC, O.Ont (July 21, 1926 – January 20, 2024) was a Canadian movie director, producer, and actor. He was the founder of the Canadian Film Centre.

He was known for his works; _The Cincinnati Kid_ (1965), _The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming_ (1966), _In the Heat of the Night_ (1967), _The Thomas Crown Affair_ (1968), _Fiddler on the Roof_ (1971), _Jesus Christ Superstar_ (1973), _F.I.S.T_ (1978), _...And Justice for All_ (1979), _A Soldier's Story_ (1984), _Agnes of God_ (1985), _Moonstruck_ (1987), _Other People's Money_ (1991), _The Hurricane_ (1999) and _The Statement_ (2003).

Jewison addressed important social and political issues throughout his directing and producing career. This often made him a controversial or complicated figure.

Jewison died at his home in Malibu, California on January 20, 2024, at the age of 97.

## Other websites

- The Norman Jewison Collection at the Victoria University Library at the University of Toronto contains photographs and publicity materials, papers and correspondence, shooting scripts and schedules for films directed or produced by Jewison between 1975 and 2003.
- Order of Canada Citation
- CBC Digital Archives: Master Storyteller Norman Jewison
- movie clips: , compilation, 5 min.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Norman Jewison 2018.jpgborder
- **name**: Norman Jewison
- **caption**: Jewison in 2018
- **birth name**: Norman Frederick Jewison
- **birth place**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **death place**: Malibu, California, Malibu, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1950–2003
- **occupation**: Film director and producer
- **spouse**: Margaret Ann Dixon
(1953–2004; 3 children)
Lynne St. David (m. November 2010)
- **alma mater**: Victoria University, Toronto, Victoria College,
University of Toronto
Mesoamerican pyramids

The **Mesoamerican pyramids** were pyramids built by native american indians in Central America. They were mostly step pyramids. The Mayan pyramids are an example.

American peoples who have built pyramids include:
- Aztecs
- Teotihuacan
- Toltecs
- Zapotecs
- Purépechans
- Mayans
- Chalchihuite

There are a number of famous step pyramids whose builders are not known, including the largest of all: the Great Pyramid of Cholula.
Conversation Peace

***Conversation Peace*** is the 22nd album released by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was released on the Motown label in 1995. The album was Wonder's first studio album since 1987's _Characters_. The album was going to be released in 1993, which was the last year new jack swing was popular, but Wonder continued to work on the album through to 1995 and the album wasn't contemporary enough to get radio airplay. It had three singles, "For Your Love", "Tomorrow Robins Will Sing" and "Treat Myself".

## Track listing

All songs written and composed by Stevie Wonder, except where noted.
1. "Rain Your Love Down" – 6:08
1. "Edge of Eternity" – 6:01
1. "Taboo to Love" – 4:25
1. "Take the Time Out" – 5:05
1. "I'm New" – 5:41
1. "My Love Is with You" – 5:54
1. "Treat Myself" (Wonder, Stephanie Andrews) – 4:55
1. "Tomorrow Robins Will Sing" – 4:46
1. "Sensuous Whisper" – 5:47
1. "For Your Love" – 5:00
1. "Cold Chill" – 6:53
1. "Sorry" – 6:45
1. "Conversation Peace" – 6:39

## Personnel

Personnel involved in the album include:

- Anita Baker – Background vocals
- Ollie Brown – Conductor
- Lenny Castro – Percussion
- Ernie Fields, Jr. – Tenor saxophone
- Ladysmith Black Mambazo – Background vocals
- Robert Margouleff – Mixing
- Branford Marsalis – Saxophone
- Greg Phillinganes – Keyboards
- Melvin "Wah Wah" Ragin – Guitar
- Nathan Watts – Bass, background vocals, associate producer
- Deniece Williams – Background vocals
- The Winans - Background vocals
- Stevie Wonder – Guitar, arranger, keyboards, vocals, background vocals, multi instruments, mixing
- Syreeta Wright – Background vocals
- Take 6 - Background vocals

## Charts

- Peak positions
|Chart (1995)|Position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Austrian Albums Chart|17|
|align="left"|Belgian Albums Chart (Wallonia)|25|
|align="left"|Canadian RPM Albums Chart|48|
|align="left"|Dutch Albums Chart|19|
|align="left"|French SNEP Albums Chart|3|
|align="left"|German Media Control Albums Chart|34|
|align="left"|Italian Albums Chart|16|
|align="left"|Japanese Oricon Albums Chart|11|
|align="left"|New Zealand Albums Chart|15|
|align="left"|Norwegian VG-lista Albums Chart|23|
|align="left"|Swiss Albums Chart|28|
|align="left"|UK Albums Chart|8|
|align="left"|U.S. _Billboard_ 200|16|

- Year-end charts
|Chart (1995)|Position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Italian Albums Chart|80|
|align="left"|Japanese Albums Chart|151|
|align="left"|French Albums Chart|86|

- Certifications

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Conversation Peace
- **type**: Studio
- **artist**: Stevie Wonder
- **released**: March 21, 1995
- **recorded**: 1993–95
- **length**: 73:56
- **label**: Motown
- **prev title**: Jungle Fever (soundtrack), Jungle Fever
 (1991)
- **next title**: Natural Wonder
 (1995)
Ridley (Metroid)

is a fictional character in the _Metroid_ video game series. Ridley is a draconic extraterrestrial and an archenemy of Samus Aran. Ridley led an attack on Samus's home planet of K-2L which destroyed the world and killed her parents. Ridley appears in his metal form in _Metroid Prime_ and _Prime 3: Corruption_.

## Reception

Ridley has received a positive critical response from fans and video game publications. Nintendo Power ranked Ridley at #6 on their list of favorite Nintendo villains. Jesse Schedeen of IGN called Ridley the real villain of the _Metroid_ series, saying that they would have to include him in a _Metroid_ movie because he would be too important to leave out.

Ridley has also appeared in the _Super Smash Bros._ series as a boss in _Brawl_'s Subspace Emissary mode and as a boss on the Pyrosphere stage in _Super Smash Bros. for Wii U_. He can help the player who damages him enough on the Pyrosphere stage.
Overcome (Alexandra Burke album)

***Overcome*** is the debut studio album by English singer Alexandra Burke. It was released 19 October 2009 on Syco Music. It was released a year after Burke won the British talent show, _The X Factor_. It was also re-released in 2010 with a new artwork and three extra songs.

## Reviews

_Overcome_ has received mainly positive reviews.

## Track listing

Information taken from _Overcome_ liner notes.

(*) signifies co-producer

### Deluxe edition

The deluxe edition track list.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Overcome
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Alexandra Burke
- **border**: yes
- **released**: 16 October 2009
- **recorded**: 2008–2009
- **genre**: *Dance-pop
*Soul music, soul
*Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **length**: 48:43
- **label**: *Syco Music, Syco
*Epic Records, Epic
- **producer**: *Simon Cowell <small>(Executive producer, exec.)</small>
*The Phantom Boyz
*Stargate (production team), StarGate
*RedOne
*Ne-Yo
*Louis Biancaniello
*Sam Watters, Samuel Watters
*Jim Jonsin
*Rico Love
*Element (production team), Element
*Wayne Wilkins
*Steve Booker (producer), Steve Booker
*Brian Kennedy (producer), Brian Kennedy
Sulfur cycle

The **sulfur cycle** is the way sulfur moves between rocks, waterways and living systems.

Sulfur (S) is an element important to ecosystems and the climate. The majority of sulfur is stored underground, for example under the ocean or in rocks. It also occurs naturally in places like swamps (where organisms have decomposed) and volcanoes. Humans add excess sulfur into this cycle, usually through atmospheric pollution caused by fossil fuel combustion.

## Steps of the sulfur cycle

- As rocks are worn down by erosion they release sulfur that was once stored, becoming SO<small>4</small> once it touches the air
- Plants absorb this sulfur through photosynthesis and make this sulfur organic
- Animals, specifically herbivores and omnivores consume the sulfur when they eat the plants
- Sulfur moves through the food chain as secondary consumers and tertiary consumers eat the primary consumers
- When animals and plants die, the sulfur dissipates into the atmosphere as sulfate and also through the body of the decomposers
- The sulfur in the atmosphere is returned to the soil and water cycle when it rains
Sulfur can also be naturally released when volcanoes explode. The hydrological cycle plays a critical role in moving sulfur around.

## Human Impact on the sulfur cycle

Humans are responsible for 1/3 of the sulfur in the atmosphere. Sulfur is released by the combustion of fossil fuels, as mentioned above, and is most prevalent as sulfur dioxide. Sulfur is one of the root causes of acid rain along with nitrogen and carbon which negatively affects the environment. Acid rain is created when the H<sub>2</sub>O falls and combines with the Sulfur trioxide to create Sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is also used in most fertilizers and so can be introduced into the water cycle from runoff off of nearby farms into rivers and lakes. This causes eutrophication and algal blooms, and so reduced the Dissolved oxygen and biodiversity in that water system. Sulfur in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide also absorbs radiation, however which keeps the earth's surface cooler and combats some of the effects of global warming.
Flag of Azad Kashmir

The **State flag** of Azad Jammu and Kashmir traditionally displays the Pakistani national colours, white and dark Green, with a Crescent and star to represent the Muslim-majority all of which shows its Islamic heritage and strong ties with the Federation of Pakistan. It also has a saffron square to represent the Buddhist, Hindu, Sikh and other minorities of the disputed region, the colours are clearly influenced by the Mughal Empire. The four white stripes symbolizes the main rivers of  the Kashmir region; Indus (National River of Pakistan), Jhelum, Chenab and Ravi. It also represents the five geographic divisions of the Disputed territory, namely, Baltistan, Gilgit, Jammu, the Kashmir Valley and Ladakh.

## Related pages

- Flag of Pakistan (Federal)
- AJK emblem
- List of Pakistani flags
Oʻtkir Sultonov

**Oʻtkir Toʻxtamurodovich Sultonov** (Russian: Уткир Тухтамурадович Султанов, _Utkir Tukhtamuradovich Sultanov_)  (14 July 1939 – 29 November 2015) was an Uzbek politician. He was the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan from 21 December 1995 until 12 December 2003.

Sultonov died in Tashkent, Uzbekistan at the age of 76.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Oʻtkir Toʻxtamurodovich Sultonov
<small>Ўткир Тўхтамурадович Султонов</small>
- **order**: Prime Minister of Uzbekistan
- **term start**: 21 December 1995
- **term end**: 12 December 2003
- **deputy**: Ergash Shoismatov
- **president**: Islam Karimov
- **predecessor**: Abdulhashim Mutalov
- **successor**: Shavkat Mirziyoyev
- **party**: People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan
- **birth place**: Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- **death place**: Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Claire Aho

**Claire Anita Aho** (2 November 1925 – 29 November 2015) was a pioneering Finnish-born Swedish photographer. She started her career in the 1940s at the Aho & Soldan company. Aho moved to Sweden in 1974 where she worked as an photographer for several newspapers including _Hufvudstadsbladet_ and with Nordic Museum.

Aho died in Stockholm on 29 November 2015 in a fire in her home. She was 90 years old.
Anemone coronaria

***Anemone coronaria*** (Spanish marigold)  is a flowering plant in the genus _Anemone_. It is native to the Mediterranean region.

_Anemone coronaria_ is widely grown for its decorative flowers. Numerous cultivars have been selected and named.
Shigeru Mizuki

was a Japanese manga artist. He was born in Sakaiminato, Tottori. Mizuki was mostly known for his Japanese horror manga GeGeGe no Kitarō.

Mizuki died from a heart attack in Tokyo, Japan, aged 93.

## Other websites

- "Drawing from Experience", _Japan Times_, February 6, 2005, last accessed in March 22, 2012.
- Mizuki Production website
- Sakaiminato: The town where you can meet Kitaro
- Shigeru Mizuki Road, Shigeru Mizuki Museum , photos
- Japan Focus: War and Japan: The Non-Fiction Manga of Mizuki Shigeru

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Shigeru Mizuki
水木 しげる
- **image**: Shigeru Mizuki at age 18.jpg
- **caption**: Shigeru Mizuki in 1940
- **birth name**: Shigeru Mura
- **birth place**: Sakaiminato, Tottori, Sakaiminato, Tottori Prefecture, Tottori, Japan
- **death place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **nationality**: Japanese
- **known for**: Writer, penciller, inker, manga artist,
- **notable works**: _GeGeGe no Kitaro_
_Onward Towards Our Noble Deaths_
_Akuma-kun_
_Showa: A History of Japan_
Gerrit Holdijk

**Gerrit Holdijk** (17 November 1944 –  30 November 2015) was a Dutch jurist and politician. He was born in Uddel. He was a member of the Reformed Political Party (SGP). He was a member of the States-Provincial of Gelderland from 1987 to 2011. He was also a member of the Senate from 1986 to 1987 and again from 1991 to 2015.

Holdijk died in Uddel from lung cancer, aged 71.

## Other websites

- Senate biography
- Parlement.com biography
Jean Joubert

**Jean Joubert** (27 February 1928 – 28 November 2015) was a French novelist, short story writer, and poet.
He won the 1978 Prix Mallarmé for _Poems: 1955–1975_. He won the 1975 Prix Renaudot for _L'Homme de sable_. Joubert was born in Châlette-sur-Loing, Loiret.

Joubert died on 28 November 2015 in Paris from a heart attack, aged 87.

## Other websites

- Jean Joubert biography
Trophic level

**Trophic levels** categorize organisms into different levels of the food chain. The first trophic level are producers, or autotrophs.
Phosphorus cycle

The **phosphorus cycle** includes the following steps:

- Phosphorus in fertilizer, rocks, and mountains is distributed by rain to nearby land and bodies of water
- Animals eat the plants grown by fertilizer. They expel the phosphorus as waste. It eventually reaches the water as runoff.
- Phosphorus is cycled through animals that live in water. It is eventually deposited into the ocean floor.
- Phosphates contribute to the sediment at the bottom of the water. That sediment becomes rock
- The ocean bed eventually becomes a mountain range over several millions of years because of normal geological functions
- The phosphorus in those mountain ranges is washed off into bodies of water and the cycle begins again and again.

## References

- Friedland, Andrew J., Rick Relyea, and David Courard-Hauri. "The Phosphorus Cycle." Environmental Science for AP*. New York: W.H. Freeman, 2012. N. pag. Print.
Kirthar Mountains

The **Kirthar Mountains**  are in Balochistan and the Sindh provinces of Pakistan.  The range extends south for about 190 miles (300 km) from the Mula River in east-central Balochistan to Cape Monze (Muari), near Mubarak Village, Karachi on the Arabian Sea.

Kirthar National Park is one of the major wildlife reserves in Sindh, Pakistan.  The Kirthar Range forms the boundary between the Lower Indus Plain (east) and southern Balochistan (west).  It is a series of parallel rock hill ridges rising from 4,000 feet (1,200 m) in the south to nearly 8,000 feet (2,500 m) in the north.
Eddie Steeples

**Eddie Steeples** (born November 25, 1973) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as the Rubberband Man in an advertising campaign for OfficeMax, and as Darnell Turner in the NBC comedy _My Name Is Earl_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Eddie Steeples
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 2000–present
- **known for**: Role in My Name Is Earl
Üsküdar University

**Üsküdar University** is a university in Istanbul, Turkey. It was founded by the Human Values and Mental Health Foundation. It is the first university of Turkey for the study of Behavioral Health and Sciences.

The university consist of four undergraduate faculties, one Vocational School Of Health Services, and one institute.

## Faculty & Institute

- Communication Faculty
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
- VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVICES
- Institutes

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Üsküdar University
- **native name**: Üsküdar Üniversitesi
- **motto**: One step closer to understanding human nature
- **established**: 2011
- **type**: Private school, Foundation
- **president**: Nevzat Tarhan
- **students**: 16.050
- **undergrad**: 13.540
- **postgrad**: 2.510
- **nickname**: UU
- **city**: Üsküdar, İstanbul, Üsküdar, İstanbul
- **country**: Turkey
- **campus**: Altunizade
- **colors**: Green and white
- **website**: [http://www.uskudar.edu.tr uskudar.edu.tr]
Nevzat Tarhan

**Kaşif Nevzat Tarhan** (born on July 7, 1952 in Merzifon, Amasya, Turkey ) is a Turkish medical scientist, psychiatrist and neuropsychology expert.

## Life

He was born in Merzifon in 1952. He finished Kuleli Military High School in 1969 and graduated from Cerrahpaşa Medical School Istanbul University in 1975. Following his internship at GATA (Gülhane Military Medical Academy) he worked in Cyprus and Bursa garrisons at different military medical institutions.

In 1982 he became a specialist psychiatrist at GATA. After his clinical services as a specialist at Erzincan and Çorlu Hospitals, he became an assistant professor(1988), an associate professor (1990) at GATA Haydarpaşa. He was promoted to colonel in 1993 and became a professor in 1996.

Between 1996 – 1999 he worked at  Yüzüncü Yıl University as faculty member and as an expert at Forensic Institution. He got retired on his own will. He took the representation of  "Memory Center of America" in Turkey in 1998.

He has been the chairman of the board of NPİSTANBUL, the first neuropsychiatry hospital of Turkey, and also the founding rector of Üsküdar University.

He has more than a hundred publications 31 of which are international. He speaks English and German. He is married and has two children.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Nevzat Tarhan, MD.jpg
- **name**: Kaşif Nevzat Tarhan
- **birth place**: Amasya, Turkey
- **occupation**: Psychiatrist
Rector at Uskudar University
- **education**: Gülhane Military Medical Academy
- **employer**: Gülhane Military Medical Academy
 Üsküdar University
- **children**: A. Furkan Tarhan, M. Fırat Tarhan
- **agent**: Şaban Özdemir