juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Edwin Meese

**Edwin Meese III** (born December 2, 1931) is an American attorney, law professor, and author.

## Early life

Meese was born on December 2, 1931 in Oakland, California. He studied at Yale University and at the University of California-Berkeley.

## Career

He served under Ronald Reagan's administration back when Reagan was Governor (1967–1974), the Reagan Presidential Transition Team (1980), and under Reagan's presidential administration (1981–1985). Meese was the 75th Attorney General of the United States (1985–1988), a position from which he resigned while serving in office under investigation from a special prosecutor.

## Honors

On October 8, 2019, president Donald Trump presented Meese the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in the United States.

## Books

- _Judicial Tyranny: The New Kings of America?_ - contributing author (Amerisearch, 2005)
- _The Heritage Guide to the Constitution_,
- _With Reagan_, 1992, Regnery Gateway, 0-89526-522-2

## Other websites

- Edwin Meese profile, NNDB
- Attorney General's Commission on Pornography
- Final Report of the Independent Counsel for Iran/Contra Matters  - U.S. Court of Appeals
- Meese's bio at the Mercatus Center

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birthname**: Edwin Meese III
- **image**: Edwin Meese III Attorney General portrait (cropped1) (b).jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, c. 1986
- **order**: 75th
- **title**: United States Attorney General
- **deputy**: Carol E. Dinkins
D. Lowell Jensen
Arnold Burns
Harold G. Christensen
- **term start**: February 25, 1985
- **term end**: August 12, 1988
- **president**: Ronald Reagan
- **predecessor**: William French Smith
- **successor**: Dick Thornburgh
- **birth place**: Oakland, California, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Yale University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
UC Berkeley School of Law, University of California, Berkeley (Bachelor of Laws, LLB)
- **branch**: United States Army
- **unit**: Field Artillery Branch (United States), Field Artillery
- **serviceyears**: 1953–1984
- **rank**: Colonel (United States), Colonel
- **awards**: Presidential Medal of Freedom (2019)
William J. Casey

**William Joseph Casey** (March 13, 1913 – May 6, 1987) was an American politician. He was the Director of Central Intelligence from 1981 to 1987 under Ronald Reagan. In this capacity he oversaw the entire United States Intelligence Community and personally directed the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

Casey was born on March 13, 1913 in Elmhurst, Queens, New York. He studied at Fordham University and at Saint John's University, New York Casey died on May 6, 1987 from brain cancer in Roslyn Harbor, New York, aged 74.

## Other websites

- Article on William Casey at the NNDB

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: William J. Casey
- **image**: William-Casey.jpg
- **order**: 13th
- **office**: Director of Central Intelligence
- **term start**: January 28, 1981
- **term end**: January 29, 1987
- **president**: Ronald Reagan
- **predecessor**: Stansfield Turner, Adm. Stansfield Turner
- **successor**: William H. Webster
- **birth place**: Elmhurst, Queens, Elmhurst, Queens, New York, Queens, New York (state), New York
- **death place**: Roslyn Harbor, New York, Roslyn Harbor, New York (state), New York
- **alma mater**: Fordham University,
Saint John's University, New York, St. John's University
Global city

A **global city** (or **world city**) is a city that is widely considered to be an important part of the world economy. Most studies recognise New York City; and London; as the most important global cities, followed by: Beijing; Berlin; Dubai; and Paris; and Tokyo.::.!’!.:::...::.

## Related pages

- Metropolis

## Other websites

- Repository of Links Relating to Urban Places. .
- The World-System’s City System: A Research Agenda.  by Jeffrey Kentor and Michael Timberlake of the University of Utah and David Smith of University of California, Irvine.
- The State of the World's Cities, 2001. . UN Human Settlements Programme.
Joel Murray

**Joel Murray** (born April 17, 1963 in Wilmette, Illinois) is an American actor. He has starred many television shows including _Grand_, _Love & War_, and _Dharma and Greg_. He also performed in movies, including _God Bless America_, _Monsters University_ and _Killing Reagan_. His brothers are actor/comedian Bill Murray and Brian Doyle-Murray.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Joel Murray Deauville 2012.jpg
- **name**: Joel Murray
- **caption**: Murray in 2012 at the Deauville American Film Festival
- **birth place**: Wilmette, Illinois, United States
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1986–present
Unforgiven (2001)

**Unforgiven (2001)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on September 23, 2001 at the Mellon Arena in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was the fourth Unforgiven event held by the WWF.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Billy Gunn defeated Tommy Dreamer)|Singles match|3:12||||||
|The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray and D-Von) (c) defeated Big Show and Spike Dudley, Lance Storm and The Hurricane, and The Hardy Boyz (Matt and Jeff Hardy)|Fatal Four-Way Survivor Series Elimination match for the WWF Tag Team Championship|14:22||||||
|Perry Saturn defeated Raven (with Terri Runnels)|Singles match|5:07||||||
|Christian defeated Edge|Singles match|11:53||||||
|The Brothers of Destruction (The Undertaker and Kane) (c) defeated KroniK (Brian Adams and Bryan Clark) (with Steven Richards)|Tag team match for the WCW Tag Team Championship|10:21||||||
|Rob Van Dam (c) defeated Chris Jericho|Hardcore match for the WWF Hardcore Championship|16:33||||||
|The Rock (c) defeated Booker T and Shane McMahon|Handicap match for the WCW Championship|15:24||||||
|Rhyno defeated Tajiri (c) (with Torrie Wilson)|Singles match for the WCW United States Championship|4:50||||||
|Kurt Angle defeated Stone Cold Steve Austin (c)|Singles match for the WWF Championship|23:54||||||
|colspan="4" align=center||||||||

## Other websites

- Official Unforgiven 2001 website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Unforgiven (2001)
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Federation
- **date**: September 23, 2001
- **venue**: Civic Arena (Pittsburgh), Mellon Arena
- **city**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- **lastevent**: SummerSlam (2001)
- **nextevent**: No Mercy (2001)
- **event**: WWE Unforgiven, Unforgiven
- **lastevent2**: Unforgiven (2000)
- **nextevent2**: Unforgiven (2002)
Brian Doyle-Murray

**Brian Doyle-Murray** (born **Brian Murray**; October 31, 1945) is an American comedian, screenwriter, actor and voice actor.  He is the older brother of actor/comedian Bill Murray and the two have acted together in some movies. He appeared on the movies _Caddyshack_, _Scrooged_, _Ghostbusters II_, _The Razor's Edge_ and _Groundhog Day_.

## Infobox (person)

- **caption**: Doyle-Murray in Christmas Under Wraps (2014)
- **image**: Brian Doyle Murray - Christmas Under Wraps 2014 (QpcpZ AHy8M).jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **birth name**: Brian Murray
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **other names**: Brian Doyle Murphy, Brian Doyle Murray
- **occupation**: Actor, voice actor, comedian, screenwriter
- **years active**: 1972–present
Randy Newman

**Randall Stuart "Randy" Newman** (born November 28, 1943) is an American singer, songwriter, arranger, composer, pianist and conductor. Newman is known for his voice and his composition works for the Disney Pictures/Pixar movies. He served as the new voice of the bill following the death of the original voice actor Jack Sheldon

## Early life

Newman was born on November 28, 1943, in Los Angeles, California. He was raised in New Orleans, Louisiana. Newman studied at University High School and at the University of California, Los Angeles.

## Career

Since the 1980s, Newman has worked mostly as a movie composer. His movie scores include _Ragtime_, _Awakenings_, _The Natural_, _Leatherheads_, _James and the Giant Peach_, _Meet the Parents_, _Cold Turkey_, _Seabiscuit_ and _The Princess and the Frog_. He has scored seven Disney-Pixar movie: _Toy Story_, _A Bug's Life_, _Toy Story 2_,  _Monsters, Inc._, _Cars_, _Toy Story 3_, and most recently, _Monsters University_.

## Awards

Newman has been nominated for 20 Academy Awards, winning only two. He has also won three Emmys, six Grammy Awards, and the Governor's Award from the Recording Academy. Newman was added to the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002. In 2007, he was honored as a Disney Legend. Newman was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2013.

## Personal life

Newman was married to Roswitha Schmale, who was born in Germany, from 1967 to 1985, and they had three children. He has been married to Gretchen Preece, with whom he has two children, since 1990. He is of Jewish descent and a atheist.

## Filmography

- _Yakety Yak, Take it Back_ (1991) ... Himself

## Other websites

- _Randy Newman: American Dreams_, Kevin Courrier (2005)
- Interview with Randy Newman on the Art of Songwriting
- Randy Newman in NPR's All Songs Considered
- Randy Newman at Movieguide
- Randy Newman at NNDB

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: RandyNewman_nojhf_May12008.jpg
- **name**: Randy Newman
- **caption**: Newman at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival, 2008
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Randall Stuart Newman
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, United States, U.S.
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals, piano
- **genre**: Piano rock, soft rock, roots rock, comedy rock, movie score
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, arrangement, arranger, musician
- **years active**: 1961–present
- **label**: Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros.
Reprise Records, Reprise
Walt Disney Records, Walt Disney (Walt Disney Pictures, Disney·Pixar films)
 DreamWorks Records, DreamWorks/Interscope Records, Interscope/Universal Music Group, Universal
 Nonesuch Records, Nonesuch/Elektra Records, Elektra
Unforgiven (2000)

**Unforgiven (2000)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on September 24, 2000 at the First Union Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the third Unforgiven event held by the WWF.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Right to Censor (Steven Richards, Val Venis, Bull Buchanan, and The Goodfather) defeated The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray and D-Von Dudley) and Acolytes Protection Agency (Faarooq and Bradshaw)|Eight-man tag team match|6:05||||||
|Tazz defeated Jerry Lawler|Strap Match|5:07||||||
|Steve Blackman (c) won by last defeating Perry Saturn Other competitors were: Test, Crash Holly, Al Snow and Funaki|Hardcore battle royal for the WWF Hardcore Championship|10:00||||||
|Chris Jericho defeated X-Pac|Singles match|9:05||||||
|Hardy Boyz (Matt and Jeff Hardy) (with Lita) defeated Edge and Christian (c)|Steel cage match for the WWF Tag Team Championship|14:00||||||
|Eddie Guerrero (c) (with Chyna) defeated Rikishi by disqualification|Singles match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship|6:10||||||
|Triple H (with Stephanie McMahon-Helmsley) defeated Kurt Angle|No Disqualification match with Mick Foley as the special guest referee|17:28||||||
|The Rock (c) defeated Chris Benoit, The Undertaker and Kane|Fatal Four-Way match for the WWF Championship|16:03||||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match|||||||

## Other websites

- Official Unforgiven 2000 website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Unforgiven (2000)
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Federation
- **date**: September 24, 2000
- **venue**: Wells Fargo Center (Philadelphia), First Union Center
- **city**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- **lastevent**: SummerSlam (2000)
- **nextevent**: No Mercy (2000)
- **event**: WWE Unforgiven, Unforgiven
- **lastevent2**: Unforgiven (1999)
- **nextevent2**: Unforgiven (2001)
Hundred Flowers Awards

The **People's Hundred Flower Award** () or **Hundred Flowers Awards** are movie awards in China.  They are like the Golden Globe Award.

The awards were given in 1962 and 1963.  They stopped until 1980. Then the awards were given every year from 1980 to 2004.  Since 2004 the Hundred Flowers is awarded on even years.  The Golden Rooster Awards are given on odd years.

Beginning in 2006, Chinese-language films from Taiwan and Hong Kong are also allowed to win the awards.

## Infobox (award)

- **name**: People's Hundred Flowers Award
大众电影百花奖
- **description**: Best in movies
- **presenter**: China Film Association
- **country**: China
- **year**: 1962
Francisco Martínez Soria

**Francisco Martínez Soria** (December 18, 1902 – February 26, 1982) better known as **Paco Martínez Soria** was a Spanish actor. He was born in Tarazona, Zaragoza, Aragon.

During the Spanish Civil War he left his work to be in theatre as an amateur actor. He was part of the theatre company of Rafael López Somoza. After 2 years he formed his own theatre company. He also worked with director Ignacio F. Iquino in 12 films.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Paco Martínez Soria
- **image**: Zaragoza - Paco Martínez Soria.jpg
- **caption**: Bust of Paco Martínez Soria in Zaragoza
- **birth name**: Francisco Martínez Soria
- **birth place**: Tarazona, Zaragoza, Spain
- **death place**: Madrid, Spain
- **occupation**: Actor, Theatre director
- **website**: http://www.donpacomartinezsoria.com
Unforgiven (1999)

**Unforgiven (1999)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on September 26, 1999 at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina. It was the second Unforgiven event held by the WWF.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Val Venis defeated Steve Blackman|Singles match|6:33||||||
|D'Lo Brown defeated Mark Henry (c)|Singles match for the WWF European Championship|9:11||||||
|Jeff Jarrett (c) (with Miss Kitty) defeated Chyna by disqualification|Singles match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship|11:52||||||
|The Acolytes (Faarooq and Bradshaw) defeated The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray and D-Von Dudley)|Tag team match|7:28||||||
|Ivory (c) defeated Luna Vachon|Hardcore match for the WWF Women's Championship|3:37||||||
|The New Age Outlaws (Billy Gunn and Road Dogg) (c) defeated Edge and Christian|Tag team match for the WWF Tag Team Championship|11:09||||||
|Al Snow (with Head) (c) defeated The Big Boss Man|Kennel from Hell match for the WWF Hardcore Championship|11:42||||||
|X-Pac defeated Chris Jericho (with Curtis Hughes) by disqualification|Singles match|13:10||||||
|Triple H defeated The Rock, Mankind, Kane, Big Show and The British Bulldog|Six-Pack Challenge for the vacant WWF Championship with Stone Cold Steve Austin as the special outside enforcer|20:28||||||
|colspan="4" align=center||||||||

## Other websites

- Official Unforgiven 1999 website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Unforgiven (1999)
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Federation
- **date**: September 26, 1999
- **venue**: Charlotte Coliseum
- **city**: Charlotte, North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina
- **lastevent**: SummerSlam (1999)
- **nextevent**: Rebellion (1999)
- **event**: WWE Unforgiven, Unforgiven
- **lastevent2**: Unforgiven: In Your House
- **nextevent2**: Unforgiven (2000)
Jean Gabin

**Jean Gabin** (; 17 May 190415 November 1976) was a French actor. He also sometimes was a singer. Gabin is considered one of the great stars of French cinema. He was made a member of the Légion d'honneur. A museum in Mériel contains his story and features, his war and film memorabilia.

At the age of 19, Gabin received a small role in a Folies Bergère production. He continued acting until he joined the military. After his military service he began acting again. He became part of a troupe that toured South America. After returning to France they worked at the Moulin Rouge.

Gabin gained notice and received roles in films. He became popular after being in films directed by Julien Duvivier. He had many offers to work in Hollywood. When Germany occupied France in World War II, he went to the United States. While there he had a romance with actress Marlene Dietrich. He was difficult to work with and did not have success with his career in Hollywood.

Jean Gabin joined General Charles de Gaulle's Free French Forces. He earned the Médaille militaire and a Croix de guerre for his wartime service in North Africa.

After the war Gabin returned to acting. For several years his films did not make much money. Then the 1954 film _Touchez pas au grisbi_ (_Don't Touch the Loot_) was a very profitable international success. Over the next twenty years, Gabin made close to 50 more films.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jean Gabin
- **image**: Jean Gabin 1958.jpg
- **caption**: Jean Gabin in 1958
- **birth name**: Jean-Alexis Moncorgé
- **birth date**: 17 May 1904
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Neuilly-sur-Seine
- **yearsactive**: 1928–1976
- **spouse**: Gaby Basset (1925–1930)
 Suzanne Marguerite Jeanne Mauchain (1933–1939)
 Dominique Fournier (1949–1976)
Division of Scullin

The **Division of Scullin** is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It includes the northern suburbs of Epping, Lalor, Bundoora, Mill Park and Plenty.

The Division replaced the Division of Darebin in 1968. It was named after Rt Hon James Scullin, Prime Minister of Australia from 1929 to 1932.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Harry Jenkins, Sr.|Labor|1969–1986|
|||Harry Jenkins|Labor|1986–2013|
|||Andrew Giles|Labor|2013–present|
The Division has been held by two generations of the Jenkins family. Harry Jenkins, Sr. was the Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives from 1983 to 1986. His son Harry Jenkins was Deputy Speaker from 1993–1996, second Deputy Speaker from 1996–2007 and was Speaker from 2007 until 2011.

## Other websites

- Division of Scullin – Australian Electoral Commission

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Scullin
- **image**: Division of Scullin 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Scullin (green) in Victoria (Australia), Victoria
- **created**: 1968
- **mp**: Andrew Giles
- **mp-party**: Australian Labor Party, Labor
- **namesake**: James Scullin
- **electors**: 90,811 (2010)
- **area**: 101
- **class**: Outer Metropolitan
Division of Menzies

The **Division of Menzies** is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It is covers the suburbs of Bulleen, Croydon Hills, Doncaster, Doncaster East, Donvale, Park Orchards, Templestowe, Templestowe Lower, Warrandyte and Warrandyte South. There are also parts of Ringwood North, Warranwood and Wonga Park in the Division.

The Division was set up in 1984. It was named after Rt Hon Sir Robert Menzies, the longest serving Prime Minister of Australia.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Neil Brown|Liberal|1984–1991|
|||Kevin Andrews|Liberal|1991–2022|
|||Keith Wolahan|Liberal|2022–2025|
Kevin Andrews became the Minister for Social Services in the Abbott Government.

## Other websites

- Division of Menzies – Australian Electoral Commission

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Menzies
- **image**: Division of Menzies 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Menzies (green) in Victoria (Australia), Victoria
- **created**: 1984
- **namesake**: Robert Menzies, Sir Robert Menzies
- **electors**: 90,931 (2010)
- **area**: 119
- **class**: Outer Metropolitan
Brearley School

The **Brearley School** is an all-girls private school in New York City. It was started by Samuel A. Brearley in 1884. It costs $39,900 a term. Famous women who went there include Dorothy Schiff, Erica Wagner, Sara Moulton, and Virginia Gildersleeve.
Highclare School

**Highclare School** is a private school in Birmingham, England. It teaches mostly girls and some boys aged 18 months to 18 years. It was started in 1932. It has three buildings in different areas of Sutton Coldfield and Erdington. They have a 100% pass rate at GCSE.
Naropa University

**Naropa University** is a private liberal arts college in Colorado. It was started in 1974 by Chögyam Trungpa. It is named after Naropa, a Buddhist Mahasiddha who lived in the eleventh century. It has three campuses: Araphoe, Paramita, and Nalanda.
City of London School for Girls

**City of London School for Girls (CLSG)** is a private school for girls aged 7-18 in London, England. It was started by William Ward in 1894.

It is associated with the City of London School (a boys day school) and the City of London Freemen's School (a boys and girls day and boarding school).

97% of A Level results are A*-B grades. Over 50% study Maths at A Level. 30% get into Oxford or Cambridge. Famous women who went there include Dido, Tasmin Lucia-Khan, Hermione Lee, and Romola Garai. Charlotte Barbour-Condini is currently a student, who was a finalist for BBC, Young Musician of the Year, on 2012.
C. W. Alcock

**Charles William Alcock** (2 December 1842 – 26 February 1907) was an English sportsperson. He was important in the development of both international football and cricket. He was also the creator of the FA Cup. He went to Harrow School. He married Eliza Caroline and they had two sons and six daughters.
Brighton College

**Brighton College** is a boarding school in Brighton, England. It is for boys and girls aged between 3 and 18. Richard Cairns is headmaster. It was started by William Aldwin Soames in 1845. It is a charity school.
Women in Ancient Greece

The status of women in Classical Greece was different in different city state<nowiki/>s. Women in ancient Delphi, Gortyn, Thessaly, Megara and Sparta could own land, which was the most prestigious form of private property at the time.

## Athens

In ancient Athens, women were not citizens. Until marriage, women were under the guardianship of their father or other male relative. After marriage, their husband (_kyrios_) acted for the wife in all legal matters. Athenian women had limited property rights. Athenian women could enter into a contract worth less than the value of a “medimnos of barley” (a measure of grain). This allowed women to engage in petty trading.

Slaves, like free women, were not eligible for full citizenship in ancient Athens, but sometimes, rarely, they could become citizens if freed. Women, on the other hand, could never get full civil rights. No women ever acquired citizenship in ancient Athens, and so they were excluded from ancient Athenian democracy.

## Sparta

By contrast, Spartan women enjoyed a status, power, and respect that was unknown in the rest of the classical world. Although Spartan women were formally excluded from military and political life they enjoyed considerable status as mothers of Spartan warriors. As men engaged in military activity, women took responsibility for running estates.

After many years of war in the 4th century BC, Spartan women owned between 35% and 40% of all Spartan land and property. By the Hellenistic period, some of the wealthiest Spartans were women. They controlled their own properties, as well as the properties of male relatives who were away with the army. Unlike Athenian women who wore heavy, concealing clothes and were rarely seen outside the house, Spartan women wore short dresses and went where they pleased. Spartan women rarely married before the age of 20: this was unusual in the ancient world. Girls as well as boys received an education, and young women as well as young men may have joined in the _Gymnopaedia_ ("Festival of Nude Youths").

## Philosophies

Some philosophers were in favour of equality for women, but not Plato and Aristotle. Contrary to them, the Stoic philosophers argued for the equality of the sexes. In their view, sexual inequality was contrary to the laws of nature. In doing so, they followed the Cynics, who argued that men and women should wear the same clothing and get the same kind of education. They also saw marriage as a moral companionship between equals rather than a biological or social necessity. The Cynics practiced these views in their lives as well as in their teachings. The Stoics adopted the views of the Cynics and added them to their own theories of human nature. They put their sexual egalitarianism on a strong footing.
Rabbit-Proof Fence (movie)

***Rabbit-Proof Fence*** is an Australian drama movie. It was directed by Phillip Noyce in 2002 for 6 million US dollars.
Marlborough College

**Marlborough College** is a secondary boarding school in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. It was started in 1843 for sons of the leaders of the Church of England. It now accepts boys and girls of all religious beliefs, but is classed as a Church of England school. It has a chapel where there is Eucharist every Sunday. It is a member of the G20 Schools Group. It costs £32,280 a year.

## History

First Established in 1849
Lancing College

**Lancing College** is a private boarding school in Lancing, England for girls and boys aged 13 to 18. Important people who went there include Charles Wollaston, Sir Roy Calne, and Alex Horne. It costs £31,240 a year for boarders.
Institut Le Rosey

**Institut Le Rosey**, commonly known simply as **Le Rosey**, is a boarding school in Rolle, Switzerland. It has ~400 students aged 7 to 18.

It was started by Paul-Émile Carnal in 1880 and is Switzerland's oldest private school. Royalty from around the world have been students. No more than 10% of the students come from any one country. Students applying to be seniors must be able to work in English and French. Fees: ~ $136,000 per annum.

This is a school for the rich international set. Before the introduction of the 10% quota (where no more than 10% of the student body may come from one country) different nationalities made up the majority of students at Le Rosey.

In the 1950s and 1960s, most students were Americans, Italians, and Greeks. In the 1970s came the Arabs and Iranians. In the 1980s came Japanese and Koreans, and in the 1990s came the Russians. During the 1990s, came the children of Russian oligarchs, who made up a third of the student body. They "terrorized" other students, which resulted in the withdrawal of at least one non-Russian student.

Since then, quotas have been applied.

## Music

The school has three orchestras and two choirs.

January to March the school moves to Gstaad. There they do winter sports like skiing every day. For junior boarders it costs CHF 78,300 a year ($85855). It has been called the world's most expensive school. All subjects are taught in English and French.
Gstaad International School

**Gstaad International School** is a private preparatory boarding school in Switzerland. It was started in 1962.
Collège Alpin International Beau Soleil

**Collège Alpin International Beau Soleil** is a private school in Switzerland. It started in 1910. It is located in Villars-sur-Ollon, in Vaud. It is the second most expensive school in the world. It costs CHF 93,000 a year to be a student.
Trinity-Pawling School

**Trinity-Pawling School** is an all-boys private boarding high school. It is in Pawling, New York. Trinity-Pawling was started in 1907, by Frederick Luther Gamage. The cost to attend is $51,000 a year.
Groton School

**Groton School** is a preparatory boarding school in Massachusetts. It was started in 1884 by the Rev. Endicott Peabody. It gives free education to students with household incomes below $75,000 a year. It has a chapel, St. John's Chapel. It has 270 students. Boarders pay $53,870 a year.
Forman School

**Forman School** is a boarding school in Connecticut for students with learning disabilities. It was founded in 1930 by John and Julie Ripley Forman.
Wellington College

**Wellington College** is a secondary boarding school in Berkshire, South East England for girls and boys. It was started by Queen Victoria in 1859. It is a member of the Rugby Group and the G20 Schools group.

In 2006 it became the first school to have happiness lessons. The headmaster is James Dahl. 10% of students get into Cambridge or Oxford University.

## Sport

In 2008 Wellington became the first school to win the Daily Mail Cup in rugby. It has a rackets court. There are 17 houses.

It gives money to The Wellington Academy, a state school that started in 2009. In 2011 Wellington College International Tianjin was opened in China. Wellington College International Shanghai will open in August 2014.
C-SPAN

**C-SPAN** (; an acronym for **Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network**) is an American cable and satellite television network, created in 1979 by the cable television industry as a nonprofit public service. It televises proceedings of the United States federal government and other public affairs programming. C-SPAN is a private, nonprofit organization funded by its cable and satellite affiliates. It does not have advertisements on any of its television networks or radio stations, nor does it solicit donations or pledges. The network operates independently; the cable industry and the U.S. Congress have no control over its programming content.

## Other websites

- C-SPAN Video Library
- Viewer FAQ
- C-SPAN Classroom – Educator resources

## Infobox (tv channel)

- **name**: Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network
- **image**: C-SPAN Logo (2019).svg
- **logo size**: 200px
- **launch date**: (C-SPAN)
 (C-SPAN2)
 (C-SPAN3)
- **picture format**: 1080i (HD)
480i (SD)
- **owner**: National Cable Satellite Corporation (nonprofit)
- **slogan**: Created by Cable. Offered as a Public Service.
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **area**: United States
- **headquarters**: Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.
- **sister channels**: C-SPAN2, C-SPAN3, WCSP-FM, C-SPAN Radio
- **terr serv 1**: WCSP-FM/HD
(C-SPAN Radio)
- **terr chan 1**: 90.1 FM / HD Radio (Washington, D.C. / Baltimore)
- **terr serv 2**: Selective TV, Inc.
 (Alexandria, Minnesota, Alexandria, MN)
- **terr chan 2**: K50DB-D 50.3
- **sat serv 1**: DirecTV
- **sat chan 1**: 350: C-SPAN (SD)
351: C-SPAN2 (SD)
_C-SPAN3 not offered_
- **sat serv 2**: Dish Network
- **sat chan 2**: 210: C-SPAN (SD)
211: C-SPAN2 (SD)
_C-SPAN3 not offered_
- **sat serv 3**: C-Band
- **sat chan 3**: AMC10 at 135.0°W

101: C-SPAN (SD)

102: C-SPAN2 (SD)

103: C-SPAN3 (SD)

201: C-SPAN (HD)

202: C-SPAN2 (HD)

203 C-SPAN3 (HD)

501: Radio (SD)
- **cable serv 1**: Available on most cable systems
- **cable chan 1**: Check local listings for channels
- **cable serv 2**: Verizon FiOS
- **cable chan 2**: 109: C-SPAN (SD)
110: C-SPAN2 (SD)
111: C-SPAN3 (SD)
- **online serv 1**: Available free to all Internet users
- **online chan 1**: [http://www.c-span.org/Live-Video/C-SPAN C-SPAN Live]
 and on demand
Bahá'í calendar

The **Bahá'í calendar**, named the **Badí‘ calendar** (_badí‘_ means _wondrous_ or _unique_), is a solar calendar used by Bábism and the Bahá'í Faith.

The calendar was created by the Báb and refined by Bahá'u'lláh and the Universal House of Justice.

Each year starts on "Naw-Rúz", the vernal equinox (in March), and has 19 months. Each month has 19 days. An extra 4 or 5 days are added between the last two months so that the next year also starts on the equinox. Each day begins at sunset. The time of sunset and the time of the equinox are calculated by astronomers.

The months are known by their Arabic names. The days within each month also use the same names. Here they are with their usual English translations:

|Day or Month #|Arabic Name|English Translation|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1|Bahá|Splendor|
|2|Jalál|Glory|
|3|Jamál|Beauty|
|4|`Azamat|Grandeur|
|5|Núr|Light|
|6|Rahmat|Mercy|
|7|Kalimát|Words|
|8|Kamál|Perfection|
|9|Asmá'|Names|
|10|`Izzat|Might|
|11|Mashíyyat|Will|
|12|`Ilm|Knowledge|
|13|Qudrat|Power|
|14|Qawl|Speech|
|15|Masá'íl|Questions|
|16|Sharaf|Honor|
|17|Sultán|Sovereignty|
|18|Mulk|Dominion|
|19|`Alá'|Loftiness|
Each group of 19 years is called a Váhid.

Each group of 19 Váhids is called a Kull-i-Shay’.

Year 1 of the Badí' calendar started at Naw-Rúz in 1844 A.D.
Haldan Keffer Hartline

**Haldan Keffer Hartline** ForMemRS (December 22, 1903 – March 17, 1983) was an American physiologist. He was a co-winner (with George Wald and Ragnar Granit) of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in analyzing the neurophysiological mechanisms of vision.

## Other wbesites

- Nobel biography
- National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Haldan Keffer Hartline
- **image**: HKHartline.png
- **caption**: Haldan Keffer Hartline, circa 1958
- **birth place**: Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania
- **death place**: Fallston, Maryland
- **nationality**: United States
- **field**: physiology, physiologist
- **work institutions**: University of Pennsylvania
Johns Hopkins University
- **alma mater**: Lafayette College
Johns Hopkins University
- **doctoral advisor**: August Herman Pfund
- **known for**: visual perception, vision
- **prizes**: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1967)
Stephanie Adams

**Stephanie Adams** (July 24, 1970 – May 18, 2018) was an American model and author. She was the _Playboy_ Playmate for November 1992. Orange, New Jersey was her birthplace but Adams grew up in New York. She was raised by two of her aunts Joyce and Pearl, former models who encouraged Adams to do modeling when she was 16.

On May 18, 2018, Adams murdered her seven-year-old son and killed herself. The New York City Police Department says that she pushed her son out of a 25th-story balcony, before jumping herself.

## Related pages

- List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: A

## Other websites

- Stephanie Adams' official website
Non-coding RNA

A **non-coding RNA** (**ncRNA**) is a functional RNA molecule which is not translated into a protein. Less-used synonyms are **non-protein-coding RNA** (**npcRNA**), **non-messenger RNA** (**nmRNA**) and **functional RNA** (**fRNA**). The term small RNA (sRNA) is often used for short bacterial ncRNAs. The DNA sequence from which a non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an 'RNA gene'.

Non-coding RNA genes include abundant and important RNAs such as transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA); also RNAs such as snoRNAs, microRNAs, siRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, and piRNAs and the long noncoding RNAs (long ncRNAs). The number of ncRNAs in the human genome is unknown. However recent studies suggest the existence of thousands of ncRNAs.<sup>, but see </sup> Since the function of newly identified ncRNAs has not been proved, it is possible that many are non-functional.

The first non-coding RNA to be analysed was an alanine tRNA found in baker's yeast. Its structure was published in 1965.
WrestleMania X8

**WrestleMania X8** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on March 17, 2002 at the SkyDome in Toronto, Ontario. It was the eighteenth WrestleMania event held by the WWF and was the second WrestleMania to take place in Toronto with the first being WrestleMania VI in 1990. This was the final WrestleMania under WWF name.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**#**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Matches**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Sunday Night Heat|Rikishi, Scotty 2 Hotty, and Albert defeated Mr. Perfect, Lance Storm and Test|Six-man tag team match with Jacqueline as special guest referee|3:06|||||
|1|Rob Van Dam defeated William Regal (c)|Singles match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship|6:19|||||
|2|Diamond Dallas Page (c) defeated Christian|Singles match for the WWF European Championship|6:08|||||
|3|Maven (c) fought Goldust to a no contest|Hardcore match for the WWF Hardcore Championship|3:15|||||
|4|Kurt Angle defeated Kane|Singles match|10:45|||||
|5|The Undertaker defeated Ric Flair|No Holds Barred match|18:47|||||
|6|Edge defeated Booker T|Singles match|6:32|||||
|7|Stone Cold Steve Austin defeated Scott Hall (with Kevin Nash)|Singles match|9:51|||||
|8|Billy and Chuck (c) defeated The APA (Faarooq and Bradshaw), The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray and D-Von) (with Stacy Keibler) and The Hardy Boyz (Matt and Jeff Hardy)|Four Corners Survivor Series Elimination match for the WWF Tag Team Championship|13:50|||||
|9|The Rock defeated Hollywood Hulk Hogan|Singles match|16:23|||||
|10|Jazz (c) defeated Trish Stratus and Lita|Triple Threat match for the WWF Women's Championship|6:16|||||
|11|Triple H defeated Chris Jericho (c) (with Stephanie McMahon)|Singles match for the Undisputed WWF Championship|18:41|||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match|||||||

## Other websites

- Official WrestleMania X8 website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: WrestleMania X8
- **tagline**: The One and Only
- **theme**: "Tear Away" by Drowning Pool
"Superstar (Saliva song), Superstar" by Saliva (band), Saliva
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Federation
- **date**: March 17, 2002
- **venue**: Rogers Centre, SkyDome
- **city**: Toronto, Ontario
- **lastevent**: No Way Out (2002)
- **nextevent**: Backlash (2002)
- **event**: WrestleMania
- **lastevent2**: WrestleMania X-Seven
- **nextevent2**: WrestleMania XIX
Handicap principle

The **handicap principle** was invented by Amotz Zahavi from Tel Aviv University. It claims to explain the fact that some animals have characteristics that do not necessarily help them survive.

The peacock is an example. The peacock's tail is long and heavy and actually diminishes its chances of survival. The tail needs a great deal of energy to grow and maintain, it reduces the bird’s agility, and increases the animal’s visibility to predators. Yet, it has evolved. This shows that peacocks with longer tails have some advantage.

So why did it evolutionarily survive? According to the principle, one day, a mutant peahen that likes peacocks with longer tail, looked for a male with this characteristic. The mature male she found was strong enough to survive even though it had a long tail and therefore it is probably stronger than the average peacock. Therefore, its predecessor males are going to be stronger and also to have a long tail while the newborn females are going to like long tails, passing the ideals of the principle to the next generations.

This principle comes in addition to the well-known adaptation part of evolution theory claiming that the one who fits best to its environment survives.
Flame-throated bulbul

The **flame-throated bulbul** (_Rubigula gularis_) is a bird found in south western India. It eats fruit and insects, and lives in thick bushes and trees. It is a part of the bulbul family of birds and is yellow with a black head and red neck.

## References

- General references
- Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp _Birds of India_.
- Rasmussen P.C., and J.C. Anderton 2005. _Birds of South Asia_. The Ripley guide. Volume 2: attributes and status. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions, Washington D.C. and Barcelona.
Bulbul

**Bulbuls** are a family of birds living in Africa, the Middle East and southern Asia. They are passerine songbirds.  There are about 130 species in 24 genera.

Many live in forests: the greenbuls, brownbuls, leafloves, or bristlebills. Most African species are found in rainforests whilst in Asia they live in more open areas.

## Related pages

- Red-vented bulbul
- Flame-throated bulbul
- Red-whiskered bulbul
Wolseley Expedition

The **Wolseley Expedition** was a military force that was led by Colonel Garnet Wolsely. Put together to capture the Canadian Métis leader Louis Riel, the expedition took place in 1870 and went from Toronto to Winnipeg.

Since it had to carry so much equipment, including guns, the expedition is thought to be one of the most difficult in all of recent history.
Bert Diaries

The **Bert Diaries** are a series of novels written in the form of a diary. They are by Swedish writers Anders Jacobsson and Sören Olsson. The main character is a teenager named Bert Ljung. Ljung lives in Öreskoga, a fictional town in Sweden, in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The first book was published in 1987. Bert and his friends also have a pop/rock band, the _Heman Hunters_.

A TV series was made in 1994. It is directed by Tomas Alfredson and Svante Kettner. It was followed by a movie in 1995, also directed by Alfredson. In late-July 2016 the recording of a new Bert film was announced.

Between 1993 and 2002, and comic book, _FF med Bert_, was published Between 1992 and 1999, comic albums were published.

### Old version

- _Berts dagbok_ (Bert's Diary) - 1987, new edition in 1993
- _Bert och brorsorna_ (Bert and the Brothers) - 1995
- _Bert och Boysen_ (Bert and the Boys) - 1996
- _Bert och bacillerna_ (Bert and the Coodies) - 1997
- _Berts första betraktelser_ (Bert's First Reflections) - 1990
- _Berts vidare betraktelser_ (Bert's Further Reflections) - 1991
- _Berts ytterligare betraktelser_ (Bert's Additional Reflections) - 1991
- _Berts bravader_ (Bert's Exploits) - 1991
- _Berts bekännelser_ (Bert's Confessions) - 1992
- _Bert och badbrudarna_ (Bert and the Bath Chicks) - 1993
- _Berts bekymmer_ (Bert's Worries) - 1994
- _Berts bryderier_ (Bert's Embarrassments) - 1995
- _Berts befrielse_ (Bert's Liberation) - 1996
- _Bert och beundrarinnorna_ (Bert and the Admirers) - 1997
- _Bert Babyface_ (Bert Babyface) - 1998
- _Berts bokslut_ (Bert's Closure) - 1999

### New version

- _Bert och kalla kriget_ (Bert and the Cold War) - 2005
- _Bert och Heman Hunters_ (Bert and the Heman Hunters) - 2006
- _Bert + Samira = Sant?_ (Bert + Samira = True?) - 2007
- _Bert Badbojen_ (Bert the bath boy) - 2008
- _Bert och ryska invasionen_ (Bert and the Russian Invasion) - 2009
- _Bert och datadejten_ (Bert and the Computer Date) - 2010
- _Bert och friheten_ (Bert and Freedom) - 2011
- _Bert får scenskräck_ (Bert gets stage fright) - 2012
- _Bert och frestelsen_ (Bert and the temptation) - 2012
- _Berts fejsbok_ (Bert's Facebook) - 2013
- _Bert och skrynkliga tanten_ (Bert and the wrinkled lady) - 2014

## Other websites

- De populära Bertböckerna!
- Böckerna om Håkan Bråkan

## Infobox (book series)

- **name**: Bert Diaries
- **books**: Berts dagbok
Bert och brorsorna
Bert och Boysen
Bert och bacillerna
Berts första betraktelser
Berts vidare betraktelser
Berts ytterligare betraktelser
Berts bravader
Berts bekännelser
Bert och badbrudarna
Berts bekymmer
Berts bryderier
Berts befrielse
Bert och beundrarinnorna
Bert Babyface
Berts bokslut
- **author**: Anders Jacobsson and Sören Olsson
- **illustrator**: Sonja Härdin
- **cover artist**: Sonja Härdin
- **country**: Sweden
- **language**: Swedish language, Swedish
- **genre**: diary novels
- **publisher**: Rabén & Sjögren
- **pub date**: 1987–1999, 2005-
The Kane Chronicles

***The Kane Chronicles*** are a series of fantasy novels by Rick Riordan. The characters are based on Egyptian mythology. The story is set in the same universe as Riordan's _Percy Jackson & the Olympians, The Heroes of Olympus, The Trials of Apollo, and Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard_ series.

## Characters

- Carter Kane: One of the heroes of the series. Is one of the two most powerful magicians that ever lived. Sadie Kane's Brother, Amos Kane's nephew and Julius and Ruby Kane's son
- Sadie Kane: One of the heroes in the series. Carter Kane's sister, Amos Kane's niece and Julius and Ruby Kane's daughter. Is one of the two most powerful magicians that ever lived.
- Amos Kane: Magician of the House of Life. Julius Kane's brother and Carter and Sadie Kane's uncle.

## Infobox (book series)

- name
- **image caption**: The US and UK logo for _The Kane Chronicles_
- **books**: The Red Pyramid (novel), The Red Pyramid
 The Throne of Fire
 The Serpent's Shadow (2012 novel), The Serpent's Shadow
- **genre**: Fantasy literature, Fantasy novels
- **publisher**: Disney Hyperion and Puffin Books
- **author**: Rick Riordan
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **pub date**: 2010–2012
- **media type**: Print (Hardcover, hardback and paperback)
Jean Marais

**Jean-Alfred Villain-Marais** (11 December 1913 – 8 November 1998), known as **Jean Marais** (), was a French actor and director. Marais had over 100 roles in film and on television. He was also known for writing, painting and sculpture.

In the 1950s, Marais became a star of swashbuckling films. He performed his own stunts.  After 1970 he mostly worked in plays.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jean Marais
- **image**: Flickr - …trialsanderrors - Jean Marais by Carl Van Vechten, 1949.jpg
- **caption**: photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1947
- **birth name**: Jean-Alfred Villain-Marais
- **birth place**: Cherbourg, France
- **death place**: Cannes, France
- **occupation**: Actor, director
- **years active**: 1933 - 1996
- **spouse**: Mila Parély (1942-1944)
- **partner**: Jean Cocteau (1937-1963)
Backlash (2008)

**Backlash (2008)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on April 27, 2008 at the 1st Mariner Arena in Baltimore, Maryland. It was the tenth Backlash event held by WWE.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|John Morrison and The Miz defeated Jimmy Wang Yang and Shannon Moore|Tag team match|N/A||||||
|Matt Hardy defeated Montel Vontavious Porter (c)|Singles match for the WWE United States Championship|11:24||||||
|Kane (c) defeated Chavo Guerrero (with Bam Neely)|Singles match for the ECW Championship|8:49||||||
|The Big Show defeated The Great Khali|Singles match|8:05||||||
|Shawn Michaels defeated Batista|Singles match with Chris Jericho as the special guest referee|14:59||||||
|Beth Phoenix, Melina, Layla, Jillian Hall, Victoria and Natalya defeated Mickie James, Maria, Ashley, Michelle McCool, Cherry and Kelly Kelly|12-Diva tag team match|6:31||||||
|The Undertaker (c) defeated Edge by submission|Singles match for the World Heavyweight Championship|18:26||||||
|Triple H defeated Randy Orton (c), John Cena, and John "Bradshaw" Layfield|Four-way elimination match for the WWE Championship|29:22||||||
|colspan="4" align=center||||||||

## Other websites

- Official Backlash 2008 website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Backlash (2008)
- **tagline**: Every Action Deserves a Fierce and Aggressive Reaction
- **theme**: "All Summer Long (Kid Rock song), All Summer Long" by Kid Rock
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Entertainment
- **date**: April 27, 2008
- **venue**: Royal Farms Arena, 1st Mariner Arena
- **city**: Baltimore, Maryland
- **lastevent**: WrestleMania XXIV
- **nextevent**: Judgment Day (2008)
- **event**: WWE Backlash, Backlash
- **lastevent2**: Backlash (2007)
- **nextevent2**: Backlash (2009)
- **brand**: WWE Raw, Raw
SmackDown
ECW (WWE), ECW