juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bogor Regency

**Bogor Regency** (Indonesian: _Kabupaten Bogor_) is a regency (_kabupaten_) of West Java, Indonesia. It is south of Jakarta. Bogor covers an area of . It is considered a suburban area. In 2020, 5,427,068 people lived there. Its administration is located in Cibinong.

Bogor is bordered to the north by Tangerang Regency, the cities of South Tangerang, Depok and Bekasi, and Bekasi Regency. Sukabumi Regency borders it to the south. To the south east is Cianjur Regency. Karawang Regency is to the east of it. It fully encircles Bogor City which is administratively separate of the regency. It is bordered by Lebak Regency (in Banten Province) to the west.

The area has had a large amount of population growth. Two areas which were a part the regency in the past have been split off as cities. On 20 April 1999, the city of Depok joined with some districts of Bogor Regency to form an the city of Depok. It is independent of the regency. Bogor Regency is the most populous regency in Indonesia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Bogor Regency
- **native name lang**: id
- **settlement type**: Regencies of Indonesia, Regency
- **image caption**: Clockwise, from top left : Cibodas Botanical Gardens, Puncak, Mount Salak
- **image flag**: Regency Flag of Bogor.svg
- **image shield**: Lambang Kabupaten Bogor.svg
- **motto**: _Prayoga Tohaga Sayaga_
(Foremost, Robust, Ready)
 _Kuta Udaya Wangsa_
(City of the dawn of the nation)
_Tegar Beriman_
(Steadfast in faith)
- **image map**: Map of West Java highlighting Bogor Regency.svg
- **map caption**: Location within West Java
- **pushpin map**: Indonesia_Java#Indonesia
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Java and Indonesia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Indonesia
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: West Java
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Cibinong
- **leader title**: Regent
- **leader name**: Ade Yasin
- **leader title1**: Vice Regent
- **leader name1**: Iwan Setiawan
- **area total km2**: 2986.20
- **population total**: 5427068
- **population as of**: 2020 Census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics1 title1**: Ethnic groups
- **demographics1 info1**: Sundanese people, Sundanese
- **area code**: 0251
- **website**: [http://www.bogorkab.go.id bogorkab.go.id]
- **pushpin label**: Bogor Regency
- **timezone**: Time in Indonesia, WIB
- **utc offset**: +7
Bagh-e-Jinnah

**Bagh-e-Jinnah** (used to be called **Lawrence Gardens**) is a large park in Lahore, Pakistan. It includes a  botanical garden and other popular facilities, which were made during the British Raj. The Gardens were originally named after Sir John Lawrence, who was the first Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab and who did much to develop the city of Lahore in colonial times.

After Pakistan's independence, some people demanded that the Gardens be renamed with a more 'patriotic' name so during the 1980s, their name was finally changed to _Bagh i Jinnah_ (Jinnah's Gardens), after Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of the country. However, many people in Lahore still continue to call the Gardens as 'Lawrence Gardens', for the sake of historical accuracy.
Grafting

**Grafting** or **graftage** is a technique used in horticulture that consists of taking tissues from one plant and putting them onto another plant. The two plants will then grow together. The technique is a type of vegetative reproduction. Grafting is commonly used with roses, and fruit trees. It only works with dicots and gymnosperms, and not with monocots. Monocots do not have a vascular cambium, which is needed for the process to work. There are several different methods of grafting; each method has its advantages and drawbacks.
Ivanhoe

***Ivanhoe*** is a historical romantic novel set around the reign of Richard I of England. It was written by Scottish author Walter Scott. It was first printed in 1820. A 1952 movie version of the story starred Robert Taylor, Elizabeth Taylor, and Joan Fontaine.

## Other websites

- Online edition of Ivanhoe
American Forces Press Service

The **American Forces Press Service** (AFPS) is the news service provided by the Defense Media Activity (formerly the American Forces Information Service). It is part of the United States Department of Defense. It supplies news stories that relate to the activities of U.S. military forces around the world.

## Other websutes

- AFPS
John Hemmingham

**John Hemmingham** (born 26 February 1963) is an association football fan and football administrator from Sheffield, England. He is best known as the leader and trumpet player of the Pukka Pies England Band.

### Sheffield Wednesday

Hemmingham started playing music at football matches in 1993 when he took a bugle to a Sheffield Wednesday match away at Everton's Goodison Park and played the fanfare to Aida.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Hemmingham
- **birth name**: John Hemmingham
- **birth place**: Sheffield, England
- **nationality**: United Kingdom, British
- **other names**: "Hema"
- **known for**: Leader of the Pukka Pies England Band
- **occupation**: Commercial Manager
2052

**2052** (**MMLII**) will be .

## Predicted and scheduled events

- January 1 – Books, movies, and other works published in 1956 will enter the public domain in the United States.
- 2052 Summer Olympics will be held.
- March 30 – there will be a total solar eclipse, beginning over the Line Islands and will pass over Mexico with the centre of the eclipse passing the tip of the Mississippi Delta, and will then continue over Georgia and Savannah.

### Literature

- In Stephen Baxter's novel _Flood_, Mount Everest – the highest point on Earth – is submerged in this year.

### Television

- On the new ABC series _Defying Gravity_, the Antares 6-year space mission begins in this year.

### Video games

- The events of _Deus Ex_ take place in this year.
- The racing video game _Wipeout_ takes place in this year.
- According to the Fallout Universe the United Nations have been disbanded on July 26th of this year.
- Sergeant Cortez and Amy Chen raid U-Genix in TimeSplitters: Future Perfect in 2052.
Breuil-Cervinia

**Breuil-Cervinia** is a village in the Valle d'Aosta region of Italy. It is famous for its ski resort, which has a link to the one in Zermatt, Switzerland.

Breuil-Cervinia is a _frazione_ of the _comune_ of Valtournenche. It is at 2,006 m above sea level. It stands below the Matterhorn (in Italian: _Cervino_, in French: _Cervin_). The name of the village comes from _Breuil_, which is the French name of the valley where the village is, and _Cervinia_ from the Italian name of the Matterhorn. The FIBT bobsleigh world championships took place here for three years: 1971, 1975 and 1985. The Giro d'Italia also had a stage (a day of racing) finishing here for three times: 1960, 1997 and 2012.

## Other websites

- Official website
Goryōkaku

is a star fort in the Japanese city of Hakodate on the island of Hokkaidō. It was the main fortress of the short-lived Republic of Ezo.

## History

Goryōkaku was designed in 1855 by Takeda Hisaburō.  His plan was based on the work of the French architect Vauban.  The fort is shaped like a five-pointed star.  This allowed for greater numbers of gun emplacements on its walls than a traditional Japanese fortress, and reduced the number of blind spots where a cannon could not fire.

The fort was built by the Tokugawa shogunate to protect the Tsugaru Strait against a possible invasion by the Russian fleet.

Goryōkaku is famous as the site of the last battle of the Boshin War (_Goryōkaku no Tatakai_).  The fighting lasted for a week (June 20-27 1869).

## Other websites

- Japan Atlas: Goryokaku Fort
Sankagiri

**Sankagiri** or **Sangagiri** () is a panchayat town. It is in the Salem district of Tamil Nadu. It is on the National highway 47.

## History

Sankagiri Fort is a historical fort. It is maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India. Sankagiri Fort was built in the 15th century. It was built by the Vijayanagar empire. It has 14 fort walls built on and around a hill. The last phase of these walls were built by the British.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **other name**: சங்ககிரி
- **type**: city
- **subdivision type**: State name
- **subdivision name**: Tamil Nadu
- **population as of**: 2001
- **population total**: 27402
- **area code type**: Area telephone
- **area code**: 914283
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 637301
- **registration plate**: TN 52
Man of Steel

**Man of Steel** may refer to:
- Superman, a comic book character
- _The Man of Steel_ (comics), a 1986 comic book series
- _Superman: The Man of Steel_, comic book series about Superman from 1991 to 2003
- _Man of Steel_ (movie), a 2013 Superman movie directed by Zack Snyder
American Forces Network

The United States Armed Forces Radio and Television Service is called **American Forces Network (AFN)**.   AFN broadcasts radio and television to American soldiers, sailors, airmen, Department of Defense and other US government civilians and their families stationed outside of the U.S. and on U.S. Navy ships.  AFN broadcasts popular American radio and television programs from  U.S. networks. It is sometimes called the Armed Forces Network.  AFRTS, American Forces Network and AFN are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Defense.

## Other websites

- American Forces Radio and Television Service
- American Forces Network Europe

## Books

- Patrick Morley: _'This Is the American Forces Network': The Anglo-American Battle of the Air Waves in World War II_. Praeger Publishing (2001).
- Trent Christman: _Brass Button Broadcasters: A Lighthearted Look at Fifty Years of Military Broadcasting_. Turner Publishing (1992).
- _History of AFRTS: The first 50 years_. U.S. Government Printing Office (1993).
Tangmarg

**Tanghmarg** () is a town and tehsil of the Baramulla District in Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Barak Valley

The **Barak Valley** (Bengali: বরাক উপত্যকা) (also South Assam) is located in the southern region of the Indian state of Assam. The main city of the valley is Silchar. The region is named after the Barak river. The Barak valley mainly consists of three administrative districts of Assam State - namely Cachar, Karimganj, and Hailakandi. Among these three districts, Cachar and Hailakandi belonged to the erstwhile Cachar district in British-India, whereas Karimganj belonged to the Sylhet district . Karimganj was separated from Sylhet after the 1947 referendum; with the rest of Sylhet falling under East Pakistan and Karimganj under India.

Bengali and Meitei (Manipuri) are the two official languages of Barak Valley districts of Assam.

## Etymology

The name "Barak" has derived from the Dimasa words 'Bra' & 'Kro'. **Bra** means bifurcation and **Kro** upper portion/stream. The river Barak is bifurcated near Haritikar in the Karimganj district in to Surma River and Kushiyara River. The upstream of this bifurcated river was called Brakro by the local Dimasa people. Over the years, Brakro got converted in to Barak.

## Demography

Barak valley had a population of 4,377,612 as per as 2021 census. Hinduism have gone-down from 50% in 2011 to 47% in 2021 due to low fertility rate and large scale immigration of the community from the Valley to others parts of the region in search of jobs and livelihood. The number of Hindu immigrants from Bangladesh into Barak Valley has varied estimates from year 1971-2014. According to the Assam government, (1.3-1.5) lakhs such people residing in the Barak Valley are eligible for citizenship if the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 becomes a law. Islam is the fastest growing religion in Barak valley, As per as  2011 census, Muslims were 48.1% in the valley and in 2021 census it have gone up to 51% due to high fertility rate and lower immigration of the community to others regions/parts of the country.
Christian missionaries have active in Barak region since from the time of independence. As a result of Christian missionaries, Christianity is rapidly growing among the tribals and poor section of Muslim and Hindu society of the valley since from the past 2 decades. In 2011, Barak valley had 57.9 thousand christians but in the year of 2021, it have grown to almost 74.4 thousands approximately due to high rate of conversion from various church denomination missionaries from the valley.

|Religion|Population|Percentage|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Hindu ()|2,057,477|47|
|Muslim ()|2,232,582|51|
|Christian ()|74,419|1.7|
|Others|13,132|0.3|
Ottawa Senators (disambiguation)

The **Ottawa Senators** are a team in the National Hockey League that has played since 1992.

**Ottawa Senators** can also refer to:

- Ottawa Senators (CWHL) - current CWHL team
- Ottawa Jr. Senators - junior-level team, founded in 1980.
- Ottawa Senators (original) - History of Ottawa Hockey Club, senior-level team which played from 1883, and operated as the NHL Senators until 1934. (1883–1954).
- Ottawa Senators (senior hockey) - Second phase of Ottawa Hockey Club, senior-level amateur/semi-pro team, which won the Allan Cup in 1949. (1934–1954)
- Ottawa Senators (FHL) - professional team which played in 1908–09.
- Ottawa Senators (baseball) - a minor league baseball team that operated at various times between 1912 and 1949.

Since Ottawa is also the seat of the federal government of Canada, it can also refer to the members
of the House of the Senate:

- Canadian Senate - the upper house of the Parliament of Canada

It may also refer to:

- Ottawa Rough Riders - a Canadian football team that played under the name "Ottawa Senators" between 1925-1930.
Ottawa Lady Senators

The **Ottawa Lady Senators** are a women's ice hockey team, that are from Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. They played in the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) until 2010. The team began playing in 1988. The team was then known as the National Capital Raiders. In 1989 the team changed its name to Ottawa Raiders. In 2007 the team again changed its name to the Ottawa Capital Canucks. The team changed its name to the Ottawa Senators in 2008. The current coach of the team is Brad Marsh. He used to play for the Ottawa Senators in the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (hockey team)

- **city**: Ottawa, Ontario
- **team**: Ottawa Lady Senators (PWHL)
- **league**: Provincial Women's Hockey League, PWHL
- **colours**: red, black and white
- **arena**: Bell Sensplex
- **coach**: Brad Marsh
- **gm**: Lyne Landry
- **colour**: black
- **colour text**: red
- **website**: [http://oswh.ca oswh.ca]
- **name1**: National Capital Raiders
- **dates1**: 1998-1999
- **name2**: Ottawa Raiders
- **dates2**: 1999-2007
- **name3**: Ottawa Capital Canucks
- **dates3**: 2007-2008
- **name4**: Ottawa Senators
- **dates4**: 2008-present
South Chungcheong Province

**South Chungcheong Province** is a region of western South Korea. It is one of the richest and fastest growing areas of South Korea. The provincial capital is called Hongseong.

## History

In ancient times, South Chungcheong Province belonged to Mahan - the ancient tribal country of Korea. After Baekje conquered Mahan, it belonged to Baekje. Later, in the Goryeo Dynasty, it was grouped with current Gyeonggi-do and North Chungcheong into 'Gwangyang-do'. In the Joseon Dynasty, South Chungcheong and North Chungcheong were reorganized into Chungcheong-do. On October 4, 1896, it was separated as South Chungcheong.

## Other websites

- http://www.chungnam.go.kr/englishMain.do

## Infobox (settlement)

- **native name lang**: ko
- **settlement type**: Provinces of South Korea, Province
- **translit lang1**: Korean
- **translit lang1 type**: Hangul
- **translit lang1 type1**: Hanja
- **translit lang1 type2**: McCune‑Reischauer
- **translit lang1 info2**: Ch'ungch'ŏngnamdo
- **translit lang1 type3**: Revised Romanization
- **translit lang1 info3**: Chungcheongnam‑do
- **image map**: South Korea-South Chungcheong.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: South Korea
- **subdivision type1**: Region
- **subdivision name1**: Hoseo
- **seat type**: List of capitals in South Korea, Capital
- **seat**: Hongseong
- **parts type**: Subdivisions
- **parts**: 8 cities; 7 counties
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Kim Tae-heum
- **area total km2**: 8,204
- **area rank**: 6th
- **population total**: 2,059,871
- **population as of**: October, 2014
- **population rank**: 4th
- **population density km2**: 235
- **demographics type1**: Metropolitan Symbols
- **demographics1 title1**: Flower
- **demographics1 info1**: Chrysanthemum
- **demographics1 title2**: Tree
- **demographics1 info2**: Salix babylonica, Weeping willows
- **demographics1 title3**: Bird
- **demographics1 info3**: Mandarin duck
- **blank name sec1**: Dialect
- **blank info sec1**: Chungcheong dialect, Chungcheong
- **website**: [http://www.chungnam.net/englishMain.do chungnam.net]
Kenneth Mars

**Kenneth Mars ** (April 4, 1935 – February 12, 2011) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in _Young Frankenstein_, _The Little Mermaid_, _The Producers_, and _Malcolm in the Middle_.

## Life and death

Mars was born on April 4, 1935 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Northwestern University. He was married to Barbara Newborn from 1977 until his death in 2011. They had two children. Mars died on February 13, 2011 in Granada Hills, Los Angeles, California from pancreatic cancer, aged 75.
Kiki Farrel

**Kiki Farrel** (born in Jakarta, Indonesia, May 26, 1986) is an actor from Indonesia. He began his career by being extras in a number of sitcoms, increasingly uphill career by participating in the event Supermama Selebconcert with her mother, Mama Dahlia. After following Supermama Selebconcert, she starred in the soap opera _Cinta Kirana_.

## Personal life

Kiki Farrel was rumored to have a relationship with some of the women and the last relates to Yuriska Patricia.  Kiki Farrell is saddened. The mother passed away today, Thursday, May 12 after battling colon cancer. Kiki admitted that she and her father could finally be this close again after being separated due to past events.

## Filmography

- Love
- Cinderella (Apakah Cinta Hanyalah Mimpi?)
- Cinta
- Cinta Kirana
- Cinta Intan
- Andra Cari Cinta
- Terlanjur Cinta

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kiki Farrel
- **birth place**: Jakarta, Indonesia
- **nationality**: Indonesian
- **occupation**: Actor
- **height**: 169 cm
Lionel Jeffries

**Lionel Charles Jeffries** (June 10, 1926 – February 19, 2010) was an English actor, screenwriter, and director who is known for his roles in _Chitty Chitty Bang Bang_, _Camelot_, _The Railway Children_, _The Amazing Mr Bluden_, _First Men in the Moon_, _Two-Way Stretch_, and _The Trails of Oscar Wilde_.

## Early life and education

Jeffries was born on June 10, 1926 in Forest Hill, London, England. He studied at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School. He was married to Eileen Mary Walsh from 1951 until his death in 2010. They had three children.

## Death

Jeffries died on February 19, 2010 in Poole, Dorset, England from vascular dementia, aged 83.

## Other websites

- Lionel Jeffries - Daily Telegraph obituary
- Lionel Jeffries  - Times obituary
Russ Mayberry

**Russell "Russ" B. Mayberry** (December 22, 1925 – July 27, 2012) was a Scottish-American television director who directed _Dallas_, _Matlock_, _Star Trek: The Next Generation_, _I Dream of Jeannie_, and _Kojak_.

Mayberry was born on December 22, 1925 in Glasgow, Scotland. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Northwestern University. Mayberry was married to Sandy Mayberry until his death in 2012. They had two children. Mayberry died on July 27, 2012 in Fort Collins, Colorado from an illness, aged 86.
J. Michael Riva

**John Michael Riva** (June 28, 1948 – June 7, 2012) or **J. Michael Riva** was an American production designer. He worked on _Halloween II_, _Bad Boys 2_, _Spider-Man 3_, _Iron Man 2_, _The Amazing Spider-Man_, and _Django Unchained_. His grandmother was actress Marlene Dietrich.

Riva was born on June 28, 1948 in Manhattan, New York City, New York to William Riva and Maria Sieber. He studied at Institute Le Rosey and at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was married to Wendy Riva until his death in 2012. They had four children. Riva died of a stroke in New Orleans, Louisiana while filming Django Unchained, aged 63.
Jane March

**Jane March** (born 20 March 1973) is an English actress. She was born in London to a Vietnamese-Chinese mother and Anglo-Spanish father. She has starred in many movies. These movies include _The Lover_ and _Color of Night_. Both of these movies were originally rated NC-17 by the MPAA.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jane March
- **birthname**: Jane March Horwood
- **birth place**: Edgware, London, England, United Kingdom, UK
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1992–present
- **spouse**: Carmine Zozzora (1993–2001)
Regina Taylor

**Regina Annette Taylor** (born August 22, 1960) is an American actress and playwright. She has won several awards during  her career. These include a Golden Globe Award and NAACP Image Award.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Regina Taylor
- **image**: ReginaTaylorJan10 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Taylor in 2010
- **birth name**: Regina Annette Taylor
- **birth place**: Dallas, Texas, U.S.
- **education**: Southern Methodist University (Bachelor of Fine Arts, BFA)
- **years active**: 1980—present
Christine Taylor

**Christine Joan Taylor** (born July 30, 1971 in Allentown, Pennsylvania) is an American actress and comedian. She played the character Marcia in _The Brady Bunch Movie_ and _A Very Brady Sequel_. She also starred in _Party Girl_, a television program based on the 1995 comedy of the same name.

Taylor dated actor Matthew Lillard in 1995.

Taylor married actor Ben Stiller in 2000.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Christine Taylor
- **image**: Christine Taylor at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Christine Taylor in September 2024
- **birth name**: Christine Joan Taylor
- **birth place**: Allentown, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **children**: 2
- **partner**: Matthew Lillard (1995-1996)
- **years active**: 1989–present
Iced Earth

**Iced Earth** is an American heavy metal band from Tampa, Florida.

The band was formed under the name **Purgatory** on January 20, 1985 by guitarist Jon Schaffer. The band later changed their name to _Iced Earth_. Since the band was created, they have had many different line-up changes with over twenty musicians joining and leaving Iced Earth.

They released their debut album, _Iced Earth_, in November 1990 in Europe and in February 1991 in North America. They are currently signed to Century Media Records.

## Band members

- Current
- Jon Schaffer - rhythm and lead guitars, backing vocals (1985–_present_)
- Brent Smedley - drums (1996–1997, 1998–1999, 2006–_present_)
- Jake Dreyer - lead guitar (2016–_present_)
- Stu Block - lead vocals (2011–_present_)
- Luke Appleton - bass guitar, backing vocals (2012–_present_)

- Former
- Richard Bateman - bass (1985-1986)
- Bill Owen - lead guitar (1985-1987)
- Greg Seymour - drums (1985-1989)
- Gene Adam - lead vocals (1985-1991)
- Dave Abell - bass (1987-1996)
- Randall Shawver - lead guitar (1988-1998)
- Mike McGill - drums (1989-1991)
- John Greely - lead vocals (1991-1992)
- Rick Secchiari - drums (1991-1992)
- Rodney Beasley - drums (1992-1995)
- Matt Barlow - lead vocals (1994-2003, 2007-2011)
- Mark Prator - drums (1995-1996, 1998)
- James MacDonough - bass (1996–2000, 2001–2004)
- Larry Tarnowski - lead guitar (1998–2003)
- Steve DiGiorgio - bass (2000–2001)
- Richard Christy - drums (2000–2004)
- Ralph Santolla - lead guitar (2003–2004)
- Tim "Ripper" Owens - lead vocals (2003–2007)
- Bobby Jarzombek - drums (2004-2006)
- Ernie Carletti - lead guitar (2006)
- James "Bo" Wallace - bass (2006-2007)
- Tim Mills - lead guitar (2006–2007)
- Dennis Hayes - bass (2007)
- Freddie Vidales - bass (2008-2012)
- Troy Seele - lead guitar (2007-2016)

### Albums

- _Iced Earth_ (1990, Europe) (1991, North America)
- _Night of the Stormrider_ (1991, Europe) (1992, North America)
- _Burnt Offerings_ (1995)
- _The Dark Saga_ (1996)
- _Something Wicked This Way Comes_ (1998)
- _Horror Show_ (2001)
- _The Glorious Burden_ (2004)
- _Framing Armageddon_ (2007)
- _The Crucible of Man_ (2008)
- _Dystopia_ (2011)
- _Plagues of Babylon_ (2014)
- _Incorruptible_ (2017)
- _A Narrative Soundscape_ (2022)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Iced Earth
- **img**: IcedEarth2012.jpg
- **img capt**: Iced Earth in 2012
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Tampa, Florida, Tampa, Florida
United States
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal, power metal, thrash metal, progressive metal
- **years active**: 1985–_present_
- **label**: Century Media Records, Century Media
SPV GmbH, SPV
- **url**: [http://www.icedearth.com/ Official website]
- **current members**: Jon Schaffer
Brent Smedley
Jake Dreyer
Stu Block
Luke Appleton
- **past members**: Iced Earth#Band members, Former members
Holly Robinson Peete

**Holly Elizabeth Robinson Peete** (born September 18, 1964) is an American actress and activist. She has acted in many television sitcoms. These include the 1992-1997  ABC sitcom _Hangin' with Mr. Cooper_. She is also an activist on the subject of autism. Peete was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Holly Robinson Peete.jpg
- **name**: Holly Robinson Peete
- **birth name**: Holly Elizabeth Robinson
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
 United States
- **occupation**: Actress, singer, presenter
- **yearsactive**: 1969–present
- **credits**: *"Judy Hoffs" in _21 Jump Street_
*"Vanessa Russell" in  _Hangin' with Mr. Cooper_
*"Malena Ellis" in  _For Your Love (TV series), For Your Love_
- **spouse**: Rodney Peete (1995–present)
- **children**: 1 girl, 3 boys
Strip Me (song)

**"Strip Me"** is a 2010 single by the English singer Natasha Bedingfield off her album, also named _Strip Me_. The song didn't do well on _Billboard Hot 100_; it peaked near 91 on the chart. This song was featured in the movie _Morning Glory_.
Sister Sledge

**Sister Sledge** is an American R&B and pop music group. It was founded in Philadelphia in 1971. They have had several hit singles. Their hits are _We are Family_, _Frankie_ and _He's the Greatest Dancer_. Their names are Kim, Kathy, Joni and Debbie. Sledge is their actual last name. The original identity of the group was "Mrs. Williams Grandchildren", though it was later changed to the current name "Sister Sledge". They were especially popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Jimmy Fallon

**James Thomas Fallon** (born September 19, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, singer, musician and television host. Fallon has been the host of _The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon_ since 2014. He was the host of _Late Night with Jimmy Fallon_. He was a cast member of _Saturday Night Live_ and has also hosted that show.

On April 3, 2013, NBC announced that Fallon would be the new host of _The Tonight Show_,  beginning at the end of the 2014 Winter Olympics.

## Personal life

Fallon was born on September 19, 1974 in the Bay Ridge neighbourhood of Brooklyn, New York. He was raised in Saugerties, New York. He studied at The College of Saint Rose. Fallon married Nancy Juvonen in 2007.

## Other websites

- Food Bank For New York City public service announcement
- NBC's Official Late Night with Jimmy Fallon Site

## Infobox (comedian)

- **image**: Jimmy Fallon, Montclair Film Festival, 2013.jpg
- **name**: James Fallon
- **caption**: Fallon in 2013
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **alma mater**: College of Saint Rose
- **active**: 1995–present
- **children**: 2
- **notable works**: *Late Night with Jimmy Fallon (2009–2014)
*The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (2014–present)
Gorgoroth

**Gorgoroth** are a Norwegian black metal band that are currently based in Bergen.

The band was formed in 1992 by guitarist Infernus after he made a "deal with the Devil". The name of the band comes from the dead plateau of evil and darkness in the land of Mordor from J. R. R. Tolkien's 1954 fantasy novel, The Lord of the Rings.

They released their debut album, _Pentagram_, on 12 October 1994.

## Band members

- Current
- Infernus – guitars (1992–present)
- Tomas Asklund – drums (2007–present)
- Atterigner – vocals (2012–present)

- Former
- Goat Pervertor – drums (1992–1994)
- Hat – lead vocals (1992–1995)
- Kjettar – bass guitar (1993)
- Samoth – bass guitar (1993–1994)
- Storm – bass guitar (1995)
- Grim – drums (1995–1996)
- Ares – bass guitar (1995–1997)
- Vrolok – drums (1996–1998)
- T-Reaper – bass guitar (1998–1999)
- Gaahl – lead vocals (1998–2007)
- Sersjant – drums (1999)
- Kvitrafn – drums (2000–2004)
- Frost – drums (1994–1995, 2004–2005)
- King ov Hell – bass guitar (1999–2006, 2007)
- Pest – lead vocals (1995–1997, 2008–2012)
- Tormentor – guitars (1996–2002, 2008–2012)
- Bøddel (2007–2015; died in 2015)

### Albums

- _Pentagram_ (1994)
- _Antichrist_ (1996)
- _Under the Sign of Hell_ (1997)
- _Destroyer_ (1998)
- _Incipit Satan_ (2000)
- _Twilight of the Idols_ (2003)
- _Ad Majorem Sathanas Gloriam_ (2006)
- _Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt_ (2009)
- _Under the Sign of Hell 2011_ (2011)
- _Instinctus Bestialis_ (2015)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Gorgoroth
- **img**: Gorgoroth 2011 in Rostock.jpg
- **img capt**: Gorgoroth in 2011
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Sunnfjord, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway
- **genre**: Black metal
- **years active**: 1992–_present_
- **label**: Embassy Productions, Malicious, Century Media Records, Century Media, Nuclear Blast, Season of Mist, Forces of Satan Records, Forces of Satan, Regain Records, Regain
- **associated acts**: 1349 (band), 1349, Aeternus, Audrey Horne (band), Audrey Horne, Borknagar, Dark Funeral, Daudur, Dawn (metal band), Dawn, Desekrator, Dissection (band), Dissection, Emperor (band), Emperor, Gaahlskagg, God Seed, I (band), I, Immortal (band), Immortal, Jotunspor, Malignant Eternal, Norwegian Evil, Obituary (band), Obituary, Obtained Enslavement, Orcustus, Ov Hell, Sahg, Satyricon (band), Satyricon, Sigfader, Trelldom, Wardruna
- **url**: [http://gorgoroth.info/ Official website]
- **current members**: Infernus, Tomas Asklund, Atterigner
- **past members**: Gorgoroth#Band_members, Former members
Peter Breck

**Joseph Peter Breck** (March 13, 1929 – February 6, 2012) was an American actor and personality who is known for his roles in _The Big Valley_, _Shock Corridor_, _Black Saddle_, _The Beatniks_, and in the _Crawling Hand_.

Breck was born on March 13, 1929 in Rochester, New York. He was raised in Houston, Texas. He studied at the University of Houston. Breck was married to Diana Breck from 1960 until his death in 2012. They had one son, Christopher. Breck died on February 6, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from dementia, aged 82.

## Other websites

- The Official Peter Breck website
Retinal migraine

**Retinal migraine** (also known as ophthalmic migraines, or ocular migraines) is a medical condition that affects the eyes by causing vision loss in one eye for less than 1 hour, usually for about 10–20 minutes. When these retinal migraines happen they can also cause a headache, either a _diffuse_ headache which is a headache that causes pain which is spread out and hurts a person's whole head, or, a _unilateral_ headache, which is a headache that causes pain on one side of a persons head either, the left side or the right side.

It is believed retinal migraines are caused by _vasospasms _of the blood vessels of the eye in the area of the _retina_. The retina is at the back of the inside of the eye. In medicine a _spasm_ is a sudden constriction or tightening of muscles that is _involuntary_ - a person does not control them they move on their own. Muscle spasms can happen in different muscles of the body, like when a person's leg or eye _twitches_. The twitching is caused by the spasms.

_Vaso-_ means something to do with the blood vessels, so a _vasospasm_ causes the muscle cells inside the walls of a blood vessel to suddenly constrict or tighten up. This causes the whole blood vessel to _constrict_ which means makes the blood vessel narrower. When a blood vessel constricts it is called _vasoconstriction_.

When vasoconstriction happens less blood the normal is able to flow through the blood vessel, like the way squeezing (constricting) a garden hose makes less water come out. Vasoconstriction can happen for different reasons including because of a medical problem.

The second part of a vasospasm -_vasodilation_ - occurs after the vasoconstriction. After the blood vessel constricts it _dilates_ - becomes bigger. It may return to normal size or slightly larger than normal size.

The vasoconstriction and vasodilation complete one spasm. Spasms often happen many times over and over again. It is beleved that the muscle cells tigntening and loosenening may trigger the pain of a retinal migraine.

## Infobox (disease)

- **name**: Retinal migraine
- **image**: Eyevessels 001.jpg
- **caption**: This is the back part or _fundus_ of a human eye. The retina is a part of the fundus.

Retinal migraine is thought to happen because of _vasospasm_ of the blood vessels that supply blood to the retina, or of the _ophthalmic artery_ which is the artery that brings blood to the eye.

Vasospasm causes the blood vessels to get narrower (_vasoconstriction_) so that not enough blood is going through the blood vessels.
- **icd10**: G43.81
Immortal (band)

**Immortal** are a Norwegian black metal band that are currently based in Bergen.

The band was formed in 1990 by vocalist Abbath Doom Occulta and former guitarist Demonaz Doom Occulta after the bands Old Funeral and Amputation disbanded and members from both of the bands joined together to make Immortal. Immortal disbanded in 2003 because of personal reasons but they reunited in 2006.

They released their debut album, _Diabolical Fullmoon Mysticism_, on 1 July 1992.

## Band members

- Current
- Abbath Doom Occulta – vocals, guitar (1989–2003, 2006–_present_), bass (1989-1998), drums (1992–1993, 1994–1995)
- Demonaz Doom Occulta – lyrics (1989–2003, 2006–_present_), guitar (1989–1997)
- Horgh – drums (1989–2003, 2006–_present_)
- Apollyon – bass (2006–_present_)

- Former
- Jörn Tonsberg – guitar (1989–1991)
- Armagedda – drums (1990–1992)
- Kolgrim (Jan Atle Åserød) – drums (1992)
- Kapten Galachtik – bass (1992–1993)
- Grim – drums (1993–1994; died 1999)
- Hellhammer – drums (1995)
- Ares – bass (1998)
- Iscariah – bass (1999–2002)
- Saroth – bass (2002–2003)

### Albums

- _Diabolical Fullmoon Mysticism_ (1992)
- _Pure Holocaust_ (1993)
- _Battles in the North_ (1995)
- _Blizzard Beasts_ (1997)
- _At the Heart of Winter_ (1999)
- _Damned in Black_ (2000)
- _Sons of Northern Darkness_ (2002)
- _All Shall Fall_ (2009)
- _Northern Chaos Gods_ (2018)
- _War Against All_ (2023)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Immortal
- **img**: Immortal_live_@_Hole_in_the_Sky.jpg
- **img capt**: Abbath (left) and Apollyon (right) of Immortal performing in 2011
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Bergen, Norway
- **genre**: Black metal
- **years active**: 1990–2003, 2006–_present_
- **label**: Nuclear Blast, Osmose Productions, Osmose
- **associated acts**: Old Funeral, Mayhem (band), Mayhem, Gorgoroth, Borknagar, I (band), I, Hypocrisy (band), Hypocrisy, Aura Noir
- **url**: [http://www.immortalofficial.com/ Official website]
- **current members**: Abbath Doom Occulta
Demonaz Doom Occulta
Horgh
Apollyon
- **past members**: Jørn Inge Tunsberg
Armagedda
Kolgrim
Grim
Hellhammer
Ares
Iscariah
Saroth
Melanie Lynskey

**Melanie Jayne Lynskey** (born 16 May 1977) is a New Zealand actress who has starred in lots of movies, including _Hello I Must be Going_, _But I'm a Cheerleader_ and _Heavenly Creatures_. She was in the sitcom _Two and a Half Men_ and in other television programs. She was born in New Plymouth.
Ashford & Simpson

**Ashford & Simpson** were an American R&B music duo who had a lot of hit singles dating to the mid 1960s and continuing through the early 1990s. The duo consisted of Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson. Ashford was born May 4, 1941 and died due to throat cancer, August 22, 2011; Simpson was on August 26, 1946. Singers associated with Ashford & Simpson included Marvin Gaye and Diana Ross.
Barbara Werle

**Barbara May Theresa Werle** (October 6, 1928 – January 1, 2013) was an American actress who was known for her roles in _The Ed Sullivan Show_, _Krakotoa: East of Java_, _Battle of the Buldge_, and in _Charro_.

Werle was born on October 6, 1928 in Mount Vernon, New York. She studied at a Catholic High School in New York. She was raised in Los Angeles, California. Werle had one son. Werle died on January 1, 2013 in Carlsbad, California from natural causes, aged 84.

## Death

She died at age 84 on January 1, 2013.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Barbara Werle
- **image**: Barbara Werle 1978.jpg
- **caption**: Werle in 1978
- **birthname**: Barbara May Theresa Werle
- **birth place**: Mount Vernon, New York U.S.
- **death place**: California, United States
- **occupation**: Actress, Singer
- **years active**: 1963-1976
Tony Lip

**Tony Lip** (**Frank Anthony Vallelonga**; July 30, 1930 – January 4, 2013) was an American actor who was known for his roles in _The Sopranos_, _Raging Bull_, _The Godfather_, _Goodfellas_, and in _Law & Order_.

Lip was born on July 30, 1930 in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. He was raised in The Bronx, New York. He was married to Dolores Lip until her death in 1999. They had three sons. Lip died on January 4, 2013 in Teaneck, New Jersey from an illness, aged 82.
Louis de Saint-Just

**Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just** (nicknamed the _Angel of Death_) was an important person in the French revolution and the Reign of Terror. He worked closely with Robespierre.
He was born August 25, 1767, Decize, France and died on July 28, 1794, Paris to the Guillotine. Saint-Just reputedly accepted his death with coolness and pride.
Samantha Mathis

**Samantha Mathis** (born on May 12, 1970, New York) is an American actress who has acted in lots of movies. In particular, she acted in _The American President_, _Broken Arrow_ and _Little Women_. She also starred in some television programs.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Samantha Mathis on Billions Season 4 Trailer.jpg
- **caption**: Mathis guest starring on _Billions (TV series), Billions_ in 2019
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, U.S
- **parents**: Bibi Besch
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1988–present
Jean-Paul Marat

**Jean-Paul Marat** was a French doctor and journalist famous for writing about the French revolution and encouraging the Reign of Terror.

## Death

He was stabbed to death in Paris by Charlotte Corday, an act made famous in a painting by Jacques-Louis David. Corday was executed 4 days later after the assassination.
Ayub K. Ommaya

**Ayub K. Ommaya** or **Ayub Khan Ommaya** (1930-2008) was a famous Pakistani neurosurgeon settled in the USA. He is especially well known for being the inventor of the Ommaya reservoir, which is a method to help cancer patients receive chemotherapy treatment.

Ommaya was born in Mian Channu Tehsil, British India, now Pakistan,  in 1930.  He moved to Oxford, England in 1956.  He then moved to the United States in 1961.  Later, following illness, he moved to Islamabad, Pakistan with his wife in 2005.  He died there in 2008.
Ragout

The term **ragout** refers to a main-dish stew of meat, poultry, fish or vegetables. It uses "well-seasoned meat and vegetables cooked in a thick sauce". A typical sauce to use would be roux.

## Etymology

The word is from the French _ragoût_. The term comes from the French _ragoûter_, meaning: "to revive the taste". The related word Italian _ragù_ is a sauce, such as _Ragù Napoletano_. It is used to dress pasta.

## Preparation

The basic method of preparation involves slow cooking over a low heat. The main ingredients are many; ragouts may be prepared with or without meat, a wide variety of vegetables may be incorporated, and they may be more or less heavily spiced and seasoned.
Melissa Leo

**Melissa Leo** (born September 14, 1960 in Manhattan, New York) is an American movie and television actress. She acted in the television series _All My Children_ (2011) and in the movie _Oblivion_ (2013). She won the Golden Globe and the Screen Actors Guild Awards in 2011, for the movie _The Fighter_ (2010).

## Other websites

- Melissa Leo IMDB

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Melissa Leo
- **image**: Melissa Leo.jpg
- **birth place**: Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States of America
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1984–present
- **children**: 1
Internal conflict in Myanmar

The **internal conflict in Myanmar** refers to fighting between government soldiers and rebels in Myanmar, which began shortly after the country, formerly known as Burma, separated from the United Kingdom in 1948. The government of Myanmar has fought different rebel groups from different ethnic minorities. The cause of the conflict is the government's refusal to give minority groups such as the communists and the Karen people the amount of political representation that they want. Since the beginning of the fighting, hundreds of thousands of civilians in Myanmar have been killed and millions have become refugees.

## Related pages

- List of ongoing armed conflicts

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Internal conflict in Myanmar
- **colour scheme**: background:#bbcccc
- **date**: 2 April 1948 – present
()
- **place**: Myanmar (Burma)
- **status**: Ongoing
* Fighting since Myanmar separated from the United Kingdom in 1948
* Major ethnic fighting in Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Rakhine, and Shan State
* In 2011, the military government stops their rule over Myanmar
* Numerous peace deals signed by many groups since 2011
* Ongoing violence between government soldiers and rebels
- **territory**: Partially independent "self-administered zones" created for ethnic minorities in 2010
- **combatant1**: **Myanmar, Republic of the Union of Myanmar**
*  Myanmar Armed Forces

Burma, Union of Burma (1948–1962)
* Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, AFPFL
 Military governments (1962–2011)
*  Burma Socialist Programme Party, BSPP (1962–1988)
* State Peace and Development Council, SPDC (1988–2011)
Democratic Karen Buddhist Army, DKBA (1994–2010)
- **combatant2**: **Rebel groups**

All Burma Students' Democratic Front, ABSDF (since 1988)

Arakan Army (since 2009)

Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, ARSA (since 2016)

Democratic Karen Benevolent Army, DKBA-5 (since 2010)

Kachin Independence Organisation, KIO (since 1961)
* Kachin Independence Army, KIA
 Karen National Union, KNU (since 1949)
*  Karen National Liberation Army, KNLA
 Karenni Army (since 1949)

Mon National Liberation Army, MNLA (since 1958)

Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army, MNDAA (since 1989)

National Democratic Alliance Army, NDAA (since 1989)

Shan State Army – North, SSAN (since 1971)

Shan State Army – South, SSAS (since 1996)

Ta’ang National Liberation Army, TNLA (since 1992)

United Wa State Party, UWSP (since 1989)
*  United Wa State Army, UWSA

**Supported by:**

(alleged)
- **commander1**: Htin Kyaw

Sein Win (minister), Sein Win

Min Aung Hlaing

Soe Win (general), Soe Win

- **commander2**: Twan Mrat Naing

Ataullah abu Ammar Jununi

Naw Zipporah Sein

Karen National Union#Incumbent leaders, Saw Mutu Say Poe

Pheung Kya-shin

Yang Mao-liang

Bao Youxiang

Wei Hsueh-kang
- **strength1**: 492,000
- **strength2**: 600–1,000

1,500–2,500

1,500

8,000

6,000

500–1,500

800+ (2,000 reserves)

3,000–4,000

4,000

8,000

6,000–8,000

1,500+

20,000–25,000

---
**Total:**

**70,000–80,000**
- **casualties3**: **130,000–250,000** total killed

**600,000–1,000,000** Refugee, displaced or Refugee, fled abroad
Ambient intelligence

**Ambient intelligence** is an idea from computer science to create an environment of machines that meaningfully interact with people. The idea is that these machines help people solve the problems they have, and that people can interact with the machines in a natural way. An example would be a camera that recognizes the owner of a house or apartment, and that is able to turn off the alarm, and unlock the door. The systems that control the camera, the alarm system and the door lock are all connected to each other. When the camera sees the person, it works with the other systems to make the person's life easier.

## Requirements

In order for the idea to work well:
- Computer hardware should be small
- Different networks of computers and home appliances need to be connected so they can communicate with each other
- Computer networks are easy to control and program. New devices in the networks should configure themselves automatically, or their configuration should be easy to do, without the need to understand how they all work.
- The interfaces to control the devices focus on the user and are easy to use
- The system should be forgiving with errors. It should be secure and work as long as possible, even with errors

## In fiction

Ambient intelligence has also be shown in fiction. The movie _Minority Report_ shows how advertising changes for each user. the book _The Hitchiker's Guide to the Galaxy_ by Douglas Adams shows intelligent doors that have emotions, which they show when people use them.
Stew

A **stew** is a dish cooked for a long time, and served in the gravy produced by the cooking. The basic materials may be any  meat and/or vegetables. It is ideal for tough meat like mutton and beef cuts which have marbling (fat) and connective tissue. Also, the tougher vegetables should be used.

It is traditional to start off with a simple sauce, such as a roux. Even simpler, flour and an Oxo stock cube can be stirred in some milk and water. It is usual for the tougher meats to start off by themselves, with vegetables added later.

Casseroles and stews are similar. Casseroles often have a topping; stews do not. Stewing is a cooking process whereby heat is applied to the bottom of the cooking vessel (typically over a fire or on a stove), whereas casserole cooking is generally baked in an oven where heat circulates all around the cooking vessel.

## History

Stews have been made since ancient times. It figures in the Roman cookbook by Apicius. Herodotus says that the Scythians (8th to 4th centuries BC) "put the flesh into an animal's paunch, mix water with it, and boil it like that over the bone fire. The bones burn very well, and the paunch easily contains all the meat once it has been stripped off. In this way an ox, or any other sacrificial beast, is ingeniously made to boil itself."

Amazonian tribes used the shells of turtles as vessels, boiling the entrails of the turtle and various other ingredients in them. Other cultures used the shells of large mollusks (clams etc.) to boil foods in. There is archaeological evidence of these practices going back 8,000 years or more.

There are recipes for lamb stews and fish stews in the Roman cookery book _Apicius_, believed to date from the 4th century AD. _Le Viandier_, one of the oldest cookbooks in French, written by the French chef known as Taillevent, has ragouts or stews of various types in it.

Hungarian goulash dates back to the 9th century Magyar shepherds of the area, before the existence of Hungary. Paprika was added in the 18th century.

The first written reference to 'Irish stew' is in Byron's "The Devil's Drive" (1814): "The Devil ... dined on ... a rebel or so in an Irish stew."

## Related pages

- Casserole
Rohama Tehsil

**Rafiabad** or **Rohama** () is a subdistrict of the Baramulla District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Joanna Cassidy

**Joanna Cassidy** (born **Joanna Victoria Caskey**, August 2, 1945 in Haddonfield, New Jersey) is an American actress. She acted in the TV series _Six Feet Under_ and _Body of Proof_. She acted in many movies. These include _Blade Runner_ (1982), _Where the Heart Is_ and _Who Framed Roger Rabbit?_.