juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
2018 Atlantic hurricane season

The **2018 Atlantic hurricane season** was a near-normal season but above-average in terms of  Accumulated Cyclone Energy. There were 15 named storms, 8 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes in which tropical cyclones were formed in the Northern Hemisphere at the Atlantic basin. They caused a total of over $50 billion (2018 USD) in damages and at least 172 deaths. The hurricane season officially started on June 1, and officially ended on November 30.

Subtropical Storm Alberto in late May was the first storm of the season that formed on May 25. This was the fourth consecutive season in which storms formed before the official start of the hurricane season. Beryl became the first hurricane of the season in early July. Florence became the first major hurricane of the season on September 5. Michael became the second major hurricane of the season on October 9, and a day later, it became the third-most intense hurricane to make landfall in the United States in terms of pressure, behind the 1935 Labor Day hurricane and Hurricane Camille of 1969. As Michael became a Category 5, 2018 became a third consecutive season to feature at least one Category 5 hurricane (Matthew in 2016; Irma and Maria in 2017). This season is the first on record to see seven storms that were subtropical at some point in their lifetimes (Alberto, Beryl, Debby, Ernesto, Joyce, Leslie, and Oscar). The season ended with Hurricane Oscar on October 31.

## Storm names

The following list of names were to  be used for naming storms that will be formed in the North Atlantic in 2018. Any retired names will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization  in the spring of 2019. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2024 season. This is the same list used in the 2012 season, with the exception of the name Sara which replaced Sandy.

- Alberto
- Beryl
- Chris
- Debby
- Ernesto
- Florence
- Gordon

- Helene
- Isaac
- Joyce
- Kirk
- Leslie
- Michael
- Nadine

- Oscar

### Retirement

The storm names _Florence_ and _Michael_ were retired by the World Meteorological Organization on March 20, 2019, and they will not be used again for another Atlantic hurricane. They will be replaced with _Francine_ and _Milton_ for the 2024 season, respectively.

## Infobox (hurricane season)

- **basin**: Atl
- **year**: 2018
- **track**: 2018 Atlantic hurricane season summary map.png
- **first storm formed**: May 25, 2018
- **last storm dissipated**: October 31, 2018
- **strongest storm name**: hurricane Michael, Michael
- **strongest storm winds**: 140
- **strongest storm pressure**: 919
- **total depressions**: 16
- **total storms**: 15
- **total hurricanes**: 8
- **total intense**: 2
- **fatalities**: 173 total
- **damages**: 50205
- **five seasons**: 2016 Atlantic  hurricane season, 2016 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, 2017 2018 2019 Atlantic Hurricane season, 2019 2020 Atlantic Hurricane season, 2020
Dawood Sarkhosh

**Dawood Sarkhosh** is a singer, songwriter and poet from Afghanistan.
He makes most of his songs himself.

Dawood Sarkhosh has held many concerts in various countries such as Australia, Russia, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Pakistan and Iran.

## Birth and family

Dawood Sarkhosh was born on 1971 in a family of Hazara people in Daykundi, Afghanistan.

## Albums

Dawood Sarkhosh has already released 5 albums officially.

## Other websites

- dawoodsarkhosh.com
- facebook.com/Dawood Sarkhosh
- sarkhoshmusics.com

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Dawood Sarkhosh

- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: Daud Sarkhush.jpg
- **caption**: Dawood Sarkhosh
- **birth name**: Muhammad Dawood
- **alias**: Dawood, David
- **birth place**: Daykundi, Afghanistan
- **years active**: 1995 - present
Rajanpur

**Rajanpur** (Urdu:** راجن پُور**), is a capital city of Rajanpur District in Punjab, Pakistan. The district is located west of the Indus River.
Miandam

**Miandam** is a hill station and tourist place in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It lies  above sea level.
Leona Helmsley

**Leona Helmsley** (July 4, 1920 – August 20, 2007) was an American businesswoman. She was known for having a flamboyant personality. She had a reputation for tyrannical behavior; she was nicknamed the Queen of Mean.

She owned many hotels, apartment buildings and condominiums.

Helmsley was found guilty in 1989 of tax evasion, false personal tax returns and mail fraud. She served some time in prison for the crimes.

Helmsley was born in Marbletown, New York. She died from heart failure at age 87 in Greenwich, Connecticut.
Jack Ketchum

**Dallas Mayr** (November 10, 1946 – January 24, 2018), better known by his pseudonym **Jack Ketchum**, was an American author and screenwriter. He was born in Livingston, New Jersey. He was best known for writing the 1989 crime novel _The Girl Next Door_.

Many of his novels have been made to movies, including _Red_ and _The Woman_. In 2011, Ketchum received the World Horror Convention Grand Master Award for outstanding contribution to the horror genre.

Ketchum died on January 24, 2018 in New York City of pancreatic cancer at the age of 71.

## Other websites

- Official Website
- Jack Ketchum at the Internet Movie Database
Billy Hancock

**William C. Hancock Jr.** (known as **Billy Hancock**) (November 4, 1946 – January 22, 2018) was an American singer, guitarist, bassist and multi-instrumental recording artist. He has made many recordings, primarily in the rockabilly genre but also has a large body of recorded work in rock 'n' roll, blues, jazz, rhythm & blues, and country music. He was known for his songs "Shakin' That Rockabilly Fever" and "Wanted: True Rock 'n' Roll".

Hancock died in La Plata, Maryland on January 22, 2018 of complications from cirrhosis at the age of 71.
Chartchai Chionoi

**Chartchai Chionoi** (; ) a.k.a. **Chartchai Laemfapha** (; ) or birth name **Naris Chionoi** (; ; October 10, 1942 – January 21, 2018) was a former professional Thai boxer, WBC World champion & WBA World champion in the flyweight division.  Chionoi took the WBC World Flyweight Title two successive times and the WBA Title one successive times before finally relinquishing it. He was born near Hua Lamphong Station, Pathum Wan District, Bangkok.

Chionoi died on January 21, 2018 of pneumonia complicated from Parkinson's disease in Bangkok at the age of 75.

## Other websites

- Chartchai Chionoi - CBZ Profile
Phil Bredesen

**Philip Norman Bredesen Jr.** (born November 21, 1943) is an American politician, author and entrepreneur. He served as the 48th Governor of Tennessee from 2003 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was first elected in 2002 with 50.6% of the vote, and was reelected in 2006 with 68.0%. He served as the 66th Mayor of Nashville from 1991 to 1999.

On December 6, 2017, Bredesen announced he would run for Bob Corker's open seat in the United States Senate, as Corker announced he would not seek reelection in 2018. In August 2018, he became the Democratic nominee. He lost the election to Marsha Blackburn.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Phil Bredesen
- **image**: Governor Bredesen.jpg
- **order**: 48th Governor of Tennessee
- **lieutenant**: John S. Wilder, John Wilder
Ron Ramsey
- **term start**: January 18, 2003
- **term end**: January 15, 2011
- **predecessor**: Don Sundquist
- **successor**: Bill Haslam
- **office1**: 66th List of mayors of Nashville, Tennessee, Mayor of Nashville
- **term start1**: September 27, 1991
- **term end1**: September 24, 1999
- **predecessor1**: Bill Boner
- **successor1**: Bill Purcell (mayor), Bill Purcell
- **birth name**: Philip Norman Bredesen, Jr.
- **birth place**: Oceanport, New Jersey, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 1
- **education**: Harvard University
Richard Fulton

**Richard Harmon "Dick" Fulton** (January 27, 1927 – November 28, 2018) was a Democratic politician. He served as a member of the Tennessee State Senate and of the United States House of Representatives, and the second mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville, Tennessee.

Fulton died on November 28, 2018 under hospice care in Nashville at the age of 91.

## Infobox (congressman)

- **name**: Richard Harmon Fulton
- **image name**: Richard Fulton.jpg
- **order**: Mayor of Nashville, 64th Mayor of Nashville, Tennessee
- **term start**: 1975
- **term end**: 1987
- **preceded**: Beverly Briley
- **succeeded**: Bill Boner
- **state2**: Tennessee
- **district2**: United States House of Representatives, Tennessee District 5, 5th
- **party**: United States Democratic Party, Democratic
- **term start2**: January 3, 1963
- **term end2**: August 14, 1975
- **preceded2**: J. Carlton Loser
- **succeeded2**: Clifford Allen
- **office6**: Member of the Tennessee State Senate
- **term6**: 1955–1963
- **birth place**: Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **alma mater**: University of Tennessee
Marilyn Lloyd

**Rachel Marilyn Lloyd** (née Laird; January 3, 1929 – September 19, 2018) was an American businesswoman and politician. She served for ten terms as member of the United States House of Representatives serving from 1975 to 1995.

Lloyd died on September 19, 2018 in Chattanooga, Tennessee from complications of pneumonia at the age of 89.

## Infobox (congressman)

- **name**: Marilyn Lloyd
- **image name**: Marilyn Lloyd.jpg
- **birth name**: Rachel Marilyn Laird
- **birth place**: Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S.
- **death place**: Chattanooga, Tennessee, U.S.
- **state**: Tennessee
- **district**: Tennessee's 3rd congressional district, 3rd
- **term start**: January 3, 1975
- **term end**: January 3, 1995
- **preceded**: LaMar Baker
- **succeeded**: Zach Wamp
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat
- **spouse**: Mort Lloyd
Joseph P. Bouquard
Robert Fowler
McKayla Maroney

**McKayla Rose Maroney** (born December 9, 1995) is a retired American artistic gymnast and singer. She won several gold medals during her career. She was a member of the American women's gymnastics team, called the Fierce Five, at the 2012 Summer Olympics. She won a gold medal at these Olympic Games. She also won gold medals at the 2011 World Championships and the 2013 World Championships.

In 2012, Maroney won the silver medal in the vault finals. She wasn't happy with the winning. In one photograph, her lips were toward the left side of her face. Then-President Barack Obama copied the pose in November 2012.

In 2016, Maroney retired from competitive gymnastics.

Maroney was born in Aliso Viejo, California.

## Infobox (gymnast)

- **name**: McKayla Maroney
- **image**: McKayla Maroney - White House 2012-Nov-15 -cropped, retouched.jpg
- **caption**: Maroney visiting the White House in November 2012
- **fullname**: McKayla Rose Maroney
- **birth place**: Aliso Viejo, California, United States
- **hometown**: Laguna Niguel, California
- **discipline**: WAG
- **level**: Senior International Elite
- **gym**: All Olympia Gymnastics Center (AOGC)
- **headcoach**: Artur Akopyan
- **assistcoach**: Galina Marinova
- **formercoach**: Jenny Zhang, Howie Liang
- **choreographer**: Geza Pozsar (2011)
- **music**: "Those Were the Days (song), Those Were The Days"/"Dorogoi dlinnoyu" (2011)
Yemmoo by Samvel Yervinyan (2012)
- **retired**: February 24, 2016
- **show-medals**: yes
Saulieu

**Saulieu**, Burgundian: _Saûyeu_, is a commune in the arrondissement of Montbard in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. It is the capital of the Morvan Region.

About 2,500 people were living in Saulieu in 2015.

## Well-known people

- Yves Afonso, actor
Tere Liye

**Tere Liye** is a Hindi-language Indian television series of the romantic drama genre. It was aired on Star Plus and was produced by Balaji Telefilms.

## Cast

- Anupriya Kapoor as Taani Banerjee Ganguly
- Harshad Chopra as Anurag Ganguly
- Rajat Tokas as Robindu Ganguly (Robbi)
- Ruchi Savarn as Jonaki Ganguly
- Neha Janpandit/Reshmi Ghosh as Nupur Basu
- Kritika Sharma/Neha Saxena as Mauli Banerjee
- Meghan Jadhav as Subodh teen age.
- Shakti Arora as Taposh Banerjee
- Supriya Shukla as Laboni Banerjee
- Anurag Sharma as Sushant

## Infobox (television)

- **creator**: Balaji Telefilms
- **developer**: Ekta Kapoor
- **writer**: **Story & Scene Play**
 RM Joshi
 Anil Naagpal
 Gitangshu Dey
 **Dialogues**
 Shrish Latkar
- **starring**: See below.
- **producer**: Ekta Kapoor
 Shobha Kapoor
- **director**: Ravidra Gautam
 Muzammil Desai
 Randeep Mahadik
 Fahad Kashmiri
 Deepak Chavan
- **creative director**: Dorish Dey
 Sukriti Saxena
 Perna Saxena
 Sandip sikcad
 Vikash Gupta
 Shibani Dasgupta
- **genre**: Romance (love), Romantic,Drama
- **location**: Mumbai, India
- **language**: Hindi
- **country**: India
- **opentheme**: **There Liye**
- **network**: Star Plus
- **runtime**: 21 Minutes
- **company**: Balaji Telefilms
- **num episodes**: 212
- **num seasons**: 1
Moshe Sharett

**Moshe Sharett**, Hebrew: משה שרת , born _Moshe Shertok_, Hebrew: משה שרתוק, (October 15, 1894 in Kherson (Russian Empire, nowadays Ukraine) - July 7, 1965 in Jerusalem) was an Israeli politician of Mapai Party.

Sharett moved to Ottoman Palestine in 1906. He studied at Istanbul University and the London School of Economics.

In 1920s he worked as a journalist in the United Kingdom. He returned to Mandatory Palestine in 1931, and became a member of the Assembly of Representatives.

He was one of those who signed the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.

Sharett was chosen into the first Knesset in 1949, and stayed a Member of Knesset till his death.

He was also in the government. He was Foreign Minister from 1948 to 1956. During this time he was also Prime Minister from January 26, 1954 to November 3, 1955, succeeding fellow party member David Ben-Gurion (last one succeeded Sharett).

Moshe Sharett died in 1965 at the age of 80.

## References

- Bio at Knesset Website
Cobalt (Ontario)

**Cobalt** is a town of the district of Timiskaming, in the province of Ontario, Canada.
Aquilegia

***Aquilegia*** (commonly known as **granny's  bonnet** or **columbine**) is a genus of about 60-70 species of perennial plants that are found in meadows, woodlands, and at higher altitudes throughout the Northern Hemisphere, known for the spurred petals  of their flowers.
Domestic yak

The **domestic yak** (_Bos grunniens_) also known as the **Tartary ox**, **grunting ox, or hairy cattle** is a long-haired domesticated bovid found throughout the Himalayan region of the Indian subcontinent, the Tibetan Plateau and as far north as Mongolia and Russia. It is descended from the wild yak (_Bos mutus_).

## History

Scientists have used genetics and archaeology to study the history of yaks.  They have found that there were domesticated yaks on the Tibetan Plateau 2,500 years ago.

## Use

Yaks are kept for their milk, wool, and meat.  Also, they are used for transportation.  Their dried droppings are burned as fuel in fires.
Hackbridge railway station

**Hackbridge railway station** is a train station at Hackbridge in the London Borough of Sutton in South London. The station is served by Southern and Thameslink. It is in Fare zone 4.

## Platforms

There are two platforms at this station. Platform 1 is for northbound trains to London Victoria and St Albans (via St Pancras International). Platform 2 is for  southbound trains to Sutton and Epsom.

### Up (Northbound)

- 2tph to London Victoria - Southern
- 2tph to St Albans (on Sundays this service terminates at London Blackfriars) - Thameslink

### Down (Southbound)

- 2tph to Epsom - Southern
- 2tph to Sutton - Thameslink

At peak hours, services run as far as Bedford, Luton, Dorking and Horsham.

## Departures

|Train|Towards|Calling Points|Approximate Journey Time|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Southern (train operating company)|Victoria Station|Mitcham Junction, Mitcham Eastfields, Balham, Clapham Junction|27 minutes|
|Thameslink|Sutton (Surrey)|Carshalton|5 minutes|
|Thameslink|St Albans|Mitcham Junction, Mitcham Eastfields, Streatham, Tulse Hill, Herne Hill, Loughborough Junction, Elephant and Castle, London Blackfriars, City Thameslink, Farringdon, London St Pancras, Kentish Town, West Hampstead Thameslink, Cricklewood, Hendon, Mill Hill Broadway, Elstree & Borehamwood, Radlett|1 hour 14 minutes|
|Southern (train operating company)|Epsom|Carshalton, Sutton, Cheam, Ewell East|16 minutes|

## Buses

London Buses route 151 serve this station.

## Other websites

- Hackbridge station information

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Hackbridge
- **symbol**: rail
- **manager**: Southern (train operating company), GTR Southern
- **owner**: Network rail
- **owner1**: Transport for London
- **locale**: Sutton
- **borough**: London Borough of Sutton
- **image name**: File:Hackbridge station building.JPG
- **caption**: The exterior of Hackbridge station
- **platforms**: 2
- **fare zone**: 4
- **railcode**: HCB
- **cyclepark**: Yes
- **access**: yes
- **years1**: 1 October 1868
- **events1**: Hackbridge station opened
Daniel Defoe

**Daniel Defoe** (13 September 1660 – 24 April 1731) was a trader, writer, and journalist from England. His best known work is the novel _Robinson Crusoe_. In some languages, it is the number 2 bestseller, after the Bible.
White Americans

**White Americans** are citizens of the United States who are white people.

In 2010, 70% of the people living in the United States said that they were white. About 60% of the United States population was white people who were not Hispanic.

The white population in the United States has been getting smaller. More white people have died than have been born in most states.

Most white Americans have English (46.6 million), German (45 million), and Irish (38.6 million) ancestors.

## History

White Americans are responsible for enslaving Black people in the United States and causing the Native American genocide in the United States.

## Related pages

- European Americans
- White Hispanic and Latino Americans
- Racism in the United States
- White Anglo-Saxon Protestant

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: White Americans
- **image**: US White Alone in 2020.svg
- **pop**: **300,832,540** (2022) broadest definition
43% of the estimated total U.S. population
**284,904,818** (2022) (one race)
- **regions**: List of regions of the United States, All areas of the United States
- **languages**: **Majority languages:**
- **native name**: (Various ethnic groups)
Carson Wentz

**Carson James Wentz** (born December 30, 1992) is an American football quarterback. He plays for the Washington Commanders  in the National Football League (NFL).

He was drafted in the first round of the 2016 NFL draft. He played his first NFL game in 2016. In his first year he passed for 3,782 yards and 16 touchdowns, 14 Interceptions. His team the Eagles finished the year 7–9 and missed the playoffs. In his second year he had good season 3,296	yards and 33 touchdowns and 7 Interceptions. He was seen as an MVP candidate. The. In week 14 Wentz injured his knee against the Los Angeles Rams.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Carson Wentz
- **image**: Carson Wentz Jaguars at Commanders (52391272533) (cropped).jpg
- **alt**: Man with red beard facing a camera and holding a football
- **caption**: Wentz with the Washington Commanders in 2022
- **current team**: Washington Commanders
- **position**: Quarterback
- **birth place**: Raleigh, North Carolina
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lbs**: 237
- **high school**: Century High School (Bismarck, North Dakota), Century
(Bismarck, North Dakota)
- **college**: North Dakota State Bison football, North Dakota State
- **draftyear**: 2016
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 2
- **pastteams**: * Philadelphia Eagles (–)
* Indianapolis Colts (–)
* Washington Commanders (-present)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl LII, LII)
* Pro Bowl (2018 Pro Bowl, 2017)
* Second-team All-Pro (2017 All-Pro Team, 2017)
* Bert Bell Award (2017)
* 5× NCAA Division I Football Championship, FCS champion (2011–2015)
- **statseason**: 2018
- **statlabel1**: Completions
- **statvalue1**: 923
- **statlabel2**: Attempts
- **statvalue2**: 1,448
- **statlabel3**: Completion percentage
- **statvalue3**: 63.7
- **statlabel4**: TD–INT
- **statvalue4**: 70–28
- **statlabel5**: Passing yards
- **statvalue5**: 10,152
- **statlabel6**: Passer rating
- **statvalue6**: 92.5
- **nflnew**: carsonwentz/2555259
- **pfr**: WentCa00
Romani Americans

**Romani Americans** are people in the United States who are Romani. Their ancestors mainly came to the United States from Eastern Europe during the 19th  and 20th centuries. It is estimated that there are one million Romani people in the United States. They are also known as American Gypsies.

## History

Spain shipped Romani slaves to Louisiana. An Afro-Romani community exists in St. Martin Parish due to intermarriage of freed Africans and Romani slaves. Romanichal and British Roma were enslaved in the Southern United States. Massive Roma migration from Europe began in the nineteenth century. Most were Romanichal. Many resided in Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia. They were mostly horse traders.

## Groups

They are different Roma groups in the USA, with different religions. Majority are Christian Dasikane Roma (Roma Gypsy has nothing to do with Romanians)  from Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Spain, and few Muslim Xoraxane Roma from former Ex-Yugoslavia.

## Settlements

The Roma are concentrated in large cities such Chicago and Los Angeles and states such as New York, Virginia, Illinois, Texas, and Massachusets.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Romani people in the United States
_Roma Americans_
 _Romani Americans_
- **population**: est. 1,000,000
- **popplace**: Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York City, Chicago, Boston, Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, Seattle, and Portland, Oregon, Portland  as well as in rural areas in Texas and Arkansas
- **rels**: Christianity, Islam
- **langs**: American English, Romani language, Romani
- **image**: Portland Roma camp 1905.jpeg
Banana squash

**Banana squash** is an edible squash, or gourd, in the _Cucurbita_ family. developed from the butternut squash, a type of winter squash. Its name was given for its elongated shape and yellow colour.

Like the butternut squash, it has a potato-like texture and seeds in the middle. It is classified as a fruit because it has seeds. Its mild flesh can be either sweet or savoury.
Carl Emil Christiansen

**Carl Emil Christiansen** (31 December 1937 – 15 January 2018) was a Danish football player.

Christiansen played 313 games and scored 112 goals for Esbjerg fB in Denmark. He was the top goalscorer of the 1962 Danish football championship, and played two games and scored one goal for the Denmark national football team.

## Other websites

- Danish national team profile
- Esbjerg fB profile

## Infobox (football biography)

- **image**: Carl Emil Christiansen (1963).jpg
- **fullname**: Carl Emil Christiansen
- **birth place**: Esbjerg, Denmark
- **death place**: Esbjerg, Denmark
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **years1**: 1956–1967
- **clubs1**: Esbjerg fB
- **nationalyears1**: 1962
- **nationalteam1**: Denmark national football team, Denmark
- **nationalcaps1**: 2
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
- **manageryears1**: 1972
- **manageryears2**: 1979–1980
- **managerclubs1**: Esbjerg fB
- **managerclubs2**: Esbjerg fB
Ostafrikasaurus

***Ostafrikasaurus*** was a carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of southeastern Tanzania. It is known only from a fossil tooth that is  long. Paleontologist Eric Buffetaut claims it is the oldest evidence of a Spinosaurid dinosaur (a type of crocodile-like dinosaur that ate fish); it appeared 148 million years ago.
Olivia Cole

**Olivia Carlena Cole** (November 26, 1942 – January 19, 2018) was an American actress. She was born in Memphis, Tennessee. Her career began in 1954 and ended when she retired in 2011. Cole won an Emmy Award for her role as Chicken George's wife, Matilda in the 1977 miniseries _Roots_. She was also known for her role as Maggie Rogers in the 1979 miniseries _Backstairs at the White House_.

Cole died at the age of 75 at her home in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico on January 19, 2018, after a heart attack.
Marcos Carvajal

**Marcos José Carvajal** (; 19 August 1984 – 24 January 2018) was a Venezuelan relief pitcher. He played for the Colorado Rockies and Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball.

Carvajal died of pneumonia on January 24, 2018 in Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela at the age of 33.

## Other websites

Retrosheet
- Pura Pelota  Venezuelan Winter League statistics
- _The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia_ – Gary Gillette, Peter Gammons, Pete Palmer. Publisher: Sterling Publishing, 2005. Format: Paperback, 1824pp. Language: English.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Marcos Carvajal
- **image**: MarcosCarvajal.jpg
- **position**: Relief pitcher
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Ciudad Bolívar, Bolívar (state), Bolívar, Venezuela
- **death place**: Ciudad Bolívar, Bolívar, Venezuela
- **debutleague**: MLB
- **debutdate**: April 6
- **debutyear**: 2005
- **debutteam**: Colorado Rockies
- **finalleague**: MLB
- **finaldate**: September 29
- **finalyear**: 2007
- **finalteam**: Florida Marlins
- **statleague**: MLB
- **stat1label**: Win–loss record (pitching), Win–loss record
- **stat1value**: 0-2
- **stat2label**: Earned run average
- **stat2value**: 5.21
- **stat3label**: Strikeouts
- **stat3value**: 49
- **stat4label**: Base on balls, Walks
- **stat4value**: 23
- **stat5label**: Innings pitched, Innings
- **stat5value**: 57
- **stat6label**: Games pitched, Games
- **stat6value**: 42
- **teams**: *Colorado Rockies (2005)
*Florida Marlins (2007)
Gonzalo Facio Segreda

**Gonzalo Justo Facio Segreda** (28 March 1918 – 24 January 2018) was a Costa Rican lawyer, politician, and diplomat. He was born in San José, Costa Rica.

Facio Segreda served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1970 to 1978, as President of the Legislative Assembly from 1953 to 1956, and later served as Ambassador to the United States from 1956 to 1958, again from 1962 to 1966 and again from 1990 to 1994.

Facio Segreda died on 24 January 2018 of pneumonia complicated by Alzheimer's disease in Escazu, Costa Rica at the age of 99.
Renaud Gagneux

**Renaud Gagneux** (15 May 1947 – 24 January 2018) was a French composer. He was born in Paris. Gagneux studied piano with Alfred Cortot and composition with Henri Dutilleux at the École Normale in Paris. In 1966 he went to Cologne to study composition with Karlheinz Stockhausen, then with André Jolivet and Olivier Messiaen at the Conservatoire de Paris.

In 1972 he joined the Groupe de Recherches Musicales de l'ORTF. His many prizes include the Sacem Grand Prix for chamber music (1977), the Prix Georges Enesco (1983), the Prize for New Talent from the SACD (1989), the Composers' Prize of the Sacem (1990), and the SACEM Grand Prix 1993 for his works overall.

Gagneux died in Paris on 24 January 2018 of ALS-related complications at the age of 70.

## Other websites

- Composer website
- Details on Requiem
Bristol stool scale

The **Bristol stool scale** is a medical diagnosis tool used by doctors to classify the way feces looks into seven different categories. It is also known by the names **Bristol stool chart** and **Bristol stool form scale**.

It was developed at Bristol Royal Infirmary in 1997 as a clinical assessment tool, but is also used to help with patients who cannot speak, so that they can show their doctor if they have a problem with their bowels (a clinical communication aid). It is also used to help diagnose Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).

## Understanding the scale

The seven types of feces shown by the scale are:

- Type 1: Separate hard lumps, like nuts (hard to pass)
- Type 2: Sausage-shaped, but lumpy
- Type 3: Like a sausage but with cracks on its surface
- Type 4: Like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft
- Type 5: Soft blobs with clear cut edges (passed easily)
- Type 6: Fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool
- Type 7: Watery, no solid pieces, entirely liquid
Feces that look like Type 3 and Type 4 have a normal shape. Feces that look like Type 1 and Type 2 are a sign of constipation. Feces that look like Type 6 and Type 7 are a sign of diarrhea. Feces that look like Type 5 is a sign of lacking fiber.
Frank Varrichione

**Frank Joseph Varrichione** (pronounced "Vair-akee-oh'-nee," January 14, 1932 – January 6, 2018) was an American athlete. He was born in Natick, Massachusetts. He played eleven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1955 through 1960 and with the Los Angeles Rams from 1961 to 1965.

Varrichione died on January 6, 2018 in Framingham, Massachusetts of skin cancer at the age of 85.
Neagu Djuvara

**Neagu Djuvara** (; August 18, 1916 – January 25, 2018) was a Romanian historian, essayist, philosopher, journalist, novelist and diplomat. He was born in Bucharest. Djuvara was an active contributor to Radio Free Europe. Between 1991 and 1998, he was an Associate Professor at the University of Bucharest. During the early 1990s, he was a noted critic of Romanian political developments.

Djuvara died in Bucharest of pneumonia on January 25, 2018 at the age of 101.

## Other websites

- Page at the Humanitas site
Lyudmila Senchina

**Lyudmila Petrovna Senchina** (;  13 December 1950, – 25 January 2018) was a Soviet, Ukrainian and Russian singer (soprano).

She was also an actress, appearing in _Armed and Dangerous_ (), in which Lyudmila performed a female lead role.

## Works

Senchina was known for her songs _Cinderella_ and _ Pebbles _(),  _Stones_  (),  _Love and Separation_  (),  _White Acacia_  (),  _Birthday_  (),  _White Dance_  (),  _Field Flowers_  ()_._

## Awards

In 1979 she was awarded the title of Meritorious Artist of the RSFSR and in 2002 the title of People's Artist of Russia. Merited Artist of Ukraine (2003).

Senchina died on 25 January 2018 in a hospital in St. Petersburg of pancreatic cancer at the age of 67.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Lyudmila Senchina
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Lyudmila Petrovna Senchin
- **birth place**: Kudryavtsy village, Bratsk region, Mykolaiv region, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
- **death place**: Saint Petersburg, Russia
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, Traditional pop
- **occupation**: Singing, Singer, Actress
- **years active**: 1970–2018
- **label**: Melodiya
- **website**: **[http://www.ludmilasenchina.ru ludmilasenchina.ru]**
Patrick Mazimhaka

**Patrick Kayumbu Mazimhaka** (26 April 1948 – 25 January 2018) was a Rwandan politician. He was the former Deputy Chairperson of the African Union's African Commission. Mazimhaka was born in Rwanda. He was elected the Deputy Chairperson of the African Union Commission in July 2003 held in Maputo, Mozambique, and held the office until 6 February 2008. He was, until his election, the Senior Presidential Advisor to the President of Rwanda on the Great Lakes Region.

Mazimhaka died in Delhi, India on 25 January 2018 at the age of 69.

## Further reading

- describes Mazimhaka's 1999 recollection of Colonel Theoneste Bagosura's intention at the time of the Arusha accord to plan "Apocalypse deux".
Gustav Gerneth

**Gustav Gerneth** (15 October 1905 – 21 October 2019) was a German World War II-veteran and possibly the oldest man ever in Germany, as well as the world's oldest man at the time of his death. However, his age is not validated by Guinness World Records and the Gerontology Research Group.

Gerneth worked in a shipping company and at a gas plant during World War II. He was a Soviet prisoner-of-war until 1947 when he was released from imprisonment. He married his wife Charlotte (died in 1988) in 1930 and the couple had three sons, all of whom now deceased.

On 29 January 2018, following the death of 113-year-old Francisco Núñez Olivera of Spain, Gerneth became the oldest living man in Europe.

On 20 January 2019, following the death of 113-year-old Masazō Nonaka of Japan, Gerneth became a candidate to the title of the world’s oldest man, as well as possibly the last surviving man born in 1905.

Gustav Gerneth died in Havelberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, on 21 October 2019 of natural causes, aged 114 years and 6 days, believed to have been the world's oldest man, although _Guinness World Records_ has not verified his case.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gustav Gerneth
- **birth date**: 15 October 1905
- **birth place**: Szczecin, Stettin, German Empire (now Szczecin, Poland)
- **death date**: 21 October 2019 (aged 114)
- **death place**: Havelberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
- **nationality**: German
- **occupation**: World War II-veteran
Megalosauroidea

**Megalosauroidea** is a group of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs. They lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous period. Members of the group include _Spinosaurus_, _Megalosaurus_, and _Torvosaurus_.

## Classification

The definition of the clade Megalosauroidea includes _Megalosaurus bucklandii_ and all taxa that share a more recent common ancestor with it than they do with _Allosaurus fragilis_ or the House Sparrow.

Below is a cladogram showing the relationships between different members of Megalosauroidea. It is based on a study by Carrano, Benson & Sampson (2012).
Revenue division

A **revenue division** is an administrative division of some of the Indian states. It is a geographic area covering many mandals (taluks). These mandals consists of villages. A revenue division is headed by a Revenue Divisional Officer.
Alipurduar district

**Alipurduar district** is a district in West Bengal, India. The headquarters of this district is Alipurduar city. This district was created in the year of 2014. This is the 20th district of West Bengal. The largest clan of Oraon people in all the settlement of Oraon dominated villages and towns in Alipurduar and Jalpaiguri district is Lakhra clan.

The district contains nine census towns and rural areas of 66 gram panchayats. These are under six community development blocks: Madarihat - Birpara, Alipurduar I, Alipurduar II, Falakata, Kalchini and Kumargram.

The nine census towns are Paschim Jitpur, Chechakhata, Alipurduar Railway Junction, Bholar Dabri, Sobhaganj, Falakata, Jaygaon and Uttar Latabari and Uttar Kamakhyaguri.
Purba Bardhaman district

**Purba Bardhaman district** is a newly created district of West Bengal. Bardhaman district of West Bengal was divided into two new districts. These were named **Purba Bardhaman district** and Paschim Bardhaman district. This district has its headquarters at Bardhaman city.

## Demographics

As of the 2011 Census of India, Purba Bardhaman district had a total population of 4,835,532. There were 2,469,310 (51%) males and 2,366,222 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 509,855.
Kolkata district

**Kolkata district** is an administrative district of West Bengal. The city of Kolkata is headquarters of the district.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census of India, Kolkata district has a population of 4,486,679.This gives it a ranking of 35th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of .
Aditi Sajwan

**Aditi Sajwan** (born 12 February 1992 in Dehradun, India) is an Indian television soap opera actress. She made her acting debut in Zee TV's _Meri Doli Tere Angana_. After she entered Imagine TV's _Rajkumaar Aaryan_ to play the role of Mayasheen, she played Yashoda in Jai Shri Krishna and she was seen in _Meera_ as Meera , She was last seen on television Show _Chidiya Ghar_ as Koyal.

## Career

Sajwan n.k has all her life lived in different states of India as her father Pradeep Shingh Sajwan had a transferrable job. She was born in Dehradun, India. Her mother, Vineeta Sajwan, is a housewife. Her younger brother is a student. Her sister is a corporate anchor by profession. Sajwan is a trends Bharata Natyam and Kathak dancer. She is also a singer. She moved to Mumbai to pursue her career as an actor. She completed her BMM degree from Mumbai itself along with her acting.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Aditi Sajwan
- **birth place**: Dehradun, India
- **nationality**: India, Indian
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: present - 2007
Steve Foster

**Stephen Edward Foster** (30 September 1946 – 25 January 2018), better known as **Steve Foster**, was an Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist and banjo and harmonica player. He was born in Murray Bridge, South Australia.

Foster's career had mostly been as a solo artist, but he has led some very successful bands as well including Inkase, Alcheringa, Head First and Limited Edition. He was the opening act on the Brian Cadd & the Bootleg Family Australian tour 1972-1973. He performed in The Mount Lofty Rangers.

In September 1972, was the release of Foster's award-winning debut solo album _Coming Home In A Jar_ on the Bootleg Label.

In 1995 _Forever Blue_, a co-write with Graham Goble, first recorded by Little River Band in 1986 on the album _No Reins_, the last album recorded with John Farnham became a huge hit in Europe, rising into the Top 10.

Foster was an Australia Day Ambassador. He traveled each year to visit councils across South Australia to perform and explain what it means to be a proud Australian.

Foster died on 25 January 2018, in Adelaide, Australia of lung cancer at the age of 71.

## Other websites

- stevefostermusic.com
- stevefoster.info
- Steve Foster & Blackwood County Bluegrass Ensemble (MySpace)
- Steve Foster & The OCQ (MySpace)
- Steve Foster & Blackwood County Bluegrass Ensemble (Triple J Unearthed)
- Steve Foster & The OCQ (Triple J Unearthed)
Jeff Colyer

**Jeffrey William Colyer** (born June 3, 1960) is an American surgeon and politician. On January 31, 2018, he became the 47th Governor of Kansas. Before, he was the 49th Lieutenant Governor of Kansas serving under Governor Sam Brownback. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was a member of the Kansas Senate (2009–2011) and of the Kansas House of Representatives (2007–2009).

Colyer was a White House Fellow under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush. He worked in international affairs.

On January 24, 2018, Vice President Mike Pence broke a 49-49 tie vote to make Governor Brownback the United States Ambassador-at-Large for International Religious Freedom. Governor Brownback resigned on January 25, 2018 to serve as the ambassador, thus making Colyer the designate governor.

On August 14, 2018, Colyer lost the Republican nomination to Secretary of State Kris Kobach for Governor in the 2018 election by 345 votes.

## Other websites

- Project Vote Smart profile
- Campaign contributions: 2006, 2008

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jeff Colyer
- **image**: Jeff Colyer official portrait (cropped).jpg
- **order**: List of Governors of Kansas, 47th
- **office**: Governor of Kansas
- **lieutenant**: Tracey Mann
- **term start**: January 31, 2018
- **term end**: January 14, 2019
- **predecessor**: Sam Brownback
- **successor**: Laura Kelly
- **office1**: 49th Lieutenant Governor of Kansas
- **governor1**: Sam Brownback
- **term start1**: January 10, 2011
- **term end1**: January 31, 2018
- **predecessor1**: Troy Findley
- **successor1**: Tracey Mann
- **state senate2**: Kansas
- **district2**: 37th
- **term start2**: January 12, 2009
- **term end2**: January 10, 2011
- **predecessor2**: Dennis M. Wilson
- **successor2**: Raymond Merrick
- **state house3**: Kansas
- **district3**: 48th
- **term start3**: January 8, 2007
- **term end3**: January 12, 2009
- **predecessor3**: Eric Carter
- **successor3**: Marvin Kleeb
- **birth name**: Jeffrey William Colyer
- **birth place**: Hays, Kansas, Hays, Kansas, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Ruth Gutierrez
- **education**: Georgetown University
Clare Hall, Cambridge
University of Kansas School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City
Elephant polo

**Elephant polo** is a variant of polo. It is played whilst riding elephants. It is played in Nepal, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand.
Ikyawann

**Ikyawann** is a 2017 Indian television series, which is broadcast on Star Plus and stream on Hotstar. The show is  premiered on 13 November 2017.The Show is Going Off Air on 1 June 2018 and it will get replaced by Sabse Smart Kaun.

## Plot

The story of the show centers around a diffident girl, Susheel, 51st child of the Parekh family. A road accident kills all the female members of Parekh family except Susheel's mother. Avni gives birth to Susheel but dies. The accident was planned by Leela, Kiran's mother, who wants revenge for her daughter. Otherside, Satya is the grandson of Leela. The story follows these two main characters as they fall in love and try to overcome their personal and family problems.

### Main

- Prachi Tehlan as Susheel Parekh
- Namish Taneja as Satya Ajmera

### Recurring

- Priyank Tatariya as Mehul Parekh
- Anwar Fatehan as Banke Parekh
- Kavita Vaid as Leela Ajmera
- Nabeel Ahmed as Vishu Ajmera
- Neha Yadav as Sejal Ajmera
- Pallavi Bharti as Dr. Kali Ajmera
- Puneet Panjwani as Naresh Parekh
- Jai Vats as Nitish Parekh
- Komal Dhillon as Kiran Ajmera
- Akshitta Arora as Jhano

## Other websites

- _Ikyawann _ Streaming on Hotstar

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Drama
 Romance
- **creator**: Panorama Entertainment
- **country**: India
- **language**: Hindi
- **num seasons**: 1
- **num episodes**: 155
- **location**: Ahmedabad
 Mumbai
- **camera**: Multi camera
- **runtime**: 22 min approx
- **company**: Panorama Entertainment
- **channel**: Star Plus
Maillard reaction

The **Maillard reaction** is a chemical reaction between an amino acid and a reducing sugar that gives browned food its distinctive flavor. Seared steaks, pan-fried dumplings, pizzas, cookies, and other kinds of biscuits, breads, toasted marshmallows, as well as many other foods, undergo this reaction.

The reactive carbonyl group of the sugar reacts with the nucleophilic amino group of the amino acid, and forms a complex mixture of poorly characterized molecules responsible for a range of aromas and flavors. At higher temperatures, caramelization and subsequently pyrolysis become more pronounced. In other words, sugar and baked things become brown and caramelized due to this reaction.

For example, the Maillard reaction happens when searing a steak.
Arang Kel

**Arang Kel** is a village, tourist spot and a hill station located in Neelum valley, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is located at a height of 8,379 feet (2,554 m).
Elizabeth Hawley

**Elizabeth Hawley** (November 9, 1923 – January 26, 2018) was an American journalist and chronicler of Himalayan expeditions. Hawley was born in Chicago, Illinois.

She was studied at the University of Michigan. She moved to Nepal after giving up her job as a researcher for _Fortune_ magazine in New York and visiting Kathmandu on a round-the-world trip.

She found work with the Reuters news agency covering mountaineering news, including the 1963 American expedition that was the first from the United States to traverse Mount Everest.

Hawley died on 26 January 2018 at the age of 94.
Flag of Zimbabwe

The **flag of Zimbabwe** has seven horizontal stripes of green, gold, red and black with a white triangle containing a red five-pointed star with a Zimbabwe Bird. The most recent design was adopted on April 18th, 1980. Zimbabwe won its freedom from the United Kingdom on this day. This design is adapted from the flag of the Zimbabwe African National Union, the current ruling party in Zimbabwe.

## Related pages

- Flag of Rhodesia

## Infobox (national flag)

- **name**: Zimbabwe, Republic of Zimbabwe
- **image**: Flag of Zimbabwe.svg
- **use**: 111111
- **symbol**:
- **proportion**: 1:2
- **design**: Seven horizontal stripes of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow and green with a black-edged white isosceles triangle base on the hoist side bearing a Zimbabwe bird superimposed on a red five-pointed star.
- **image2**: Flag of the President of Zimbabwe.svg
- **nickname2**: President of Zimbabwe, Presidential Flag of Zimbabwe
- **adoption2**: 1987
Brandon Hardesty

**Brandon Allan Hardesty** (born April 13, 1987) is an American comedic performer and actor. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland.

In September 2007, upon seeing Hardesty's YouTube videos, a producer of the movie _Bart Got a Room_ e-mailed Hardesty expressing interest in casting him for a supporting role. Hardesty was cast as a lead in a short movie "Ham Sandwich," directed by David Green. In 2013, Hardesty has been cast in roles in the movie _Seven Minutes_ as well as _The Scorpion King 4: Quest for Power_, the fourth installment in the _Mummy_ movie franchise.
Rimbachzell

**Rimbachzell** is a French commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department.
Wegscheid, Haut-Rhin

**Wegscheid** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Middle name

A **middle name** is a name given to a person at birth or baptism.  It is different from a given name and surname.

In most Western countries the given name comes first (before the last name or family name).  However, in many Eastern countries such as China it comes after the last name or family name, and occasionally also in Europe, e.g. in Hungarian.
Chips Hardy

**Edward John** "**Chips**" **Hardy** (born 23 January 1950) is an English screenwriter, novelist, playwright, and creative director. He and Elizabeth Ann, his wife, are the parents of actor Tom Hardy, with whom Hardy worked on BBC One's drama series _Taboo_, as the co-creator, a writer and a consulting producer.

## Early life

Chips Hardy was born on 23 January 1950 and grew up in Ealing. Named Edward after both his father, Edward Thomas Hardy, who worked for the Port of London Authority, and his grandfather, Edward Egmore Hardy, who was the Fire Chief at Ealing Studios. His mother, Patricia, was a deputy headmistress.

In 1961 Hardy won a state scholarship to Latymer Upper School. In 1969 he won an Exhibition to read English at Downing College, Cambridge.

## Career

Alongside a career in advertising as an award-winning Global Creative Director, Hardy has written for television, movie, theatre, novels and stand-up material. Productions include a children’s television series with a talking chair called _Helping Henry_ and _About Face_, a television drama with Maureen Lipman. Hardy also won a British Comedy Award for his work with Irish comedian Dave Allen.

In 2007, Hardy’s novel _Each Day A Small Victory_ was published in the form of frontline despatches from amongst the embattled wildlife in an English country lay-by, illustrated by Oscar Grillo.

_Blue on Blue_, Hardy’s darkly comic play on self-harm, was first showcased at the Latchmere 503 in London in 2007. The play was revived in 2016 at the Tristan Bates in London in partnership with BLESMA, the British Limbless Ex-serviceman’s Association. In 2008, Hardy’s one woman dysfunctional Cabaret, _There’s Something In The Fridge that Wants To Kill Me!_, ran notably at the Edinburgh Festival.

In 2009, inspired by an idea from his son Tom Hardy, Chips Hardy and Tom created the story that was to become the 2017 eight-part series_ Taboo_. Hardy is the co-creator, a writer and a consulting producer.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Chips Hardy
- **image**: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chips_Hardy.jpg
- **birth name**: Edward John Hardy
- **birth place**: London,  England, UK
- **occupation**: Screenwriter, novelist, playwright
- **spouse**: Elizabeth Ann Hardy
- **children**: Tom Hardy