juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Southern hip hop

**Southern hip hop** (also known as **Southern rap**, **South Coast hip hop**, or **dirty south**) is a type of hip hop music that comes from the Southern United States.

Many early Southern rap artists released their music independently or on mixtapes after finding it difficult to obtain record-label contracts in the 1990s. By the early 2000s, many Southern artists had achieved national success. Over the decade, Southern hip-hop varieties, both mainstream and underground, have become among the most popular and influential of the entire genre.

In 2003 a documentary movie called _Dirty States of America: The Untold Story of Southern Hip-Hop_ was released.

## Notable Southern hip hop artists

- Outkast
- Ludacris
- Master P
- Birdman
- Lil Wayne
- 2 Chainz
- Gucci Mane
- Megan Thee Stallion
- Latto
- Trina
- Trick Daddy
- Juvenile
- YoungBoy Never Broke Again
- Vanilla Ice
- GloRilla
- T.I.
- Young Buck
- Migos
- Three 6 Mafia
- Killer Mike
- UGK
- Scarface
- Flo Rida
- Chamillionaire
- Jeezy
- Rick Ross

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Southern hip hop
- **cultural origins**: Late 1980’s, Southern United States especially Houston, Atlanta, New Orleans, Memphis, Tennessee, Memphis, and Miami
- **popularity**: 1990's-present day
Ole Ernst

**Ole Ernst** (16 May 1940 – 1 September 2013) was a Danish actor. He appeared on many movies and television shows from 1967 to 2013. He starred in the 1983 movie _Der er et yndigt land_. It won an Honourable Mention at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival.

Ernst died on 1 September 2013, aged 73, from undisclosed causes.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ole Ernst
- **birth place**: Copenhagen, Denmark
- **death place**: Copenhagen, Denmark
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1967-2013
Ronald Coase

**Ronald Harry Coase** (29 December 1910 – 2 September 2013) was a British economist. He was a Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Law School. Coase won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1991.

## Early life

**Ronald Harry Coase** was born in Willesden, Middlesex, on 29 December 1910. As a child, Coase had a weakness in his legs, which is why he had to wear leg-irons.

### Education

Due to this problem, he attended the school for physical defectives. At the age of 12, he was able to enter at the Kilburn Grammar School on scholarship. Coase attended the London School of Economics, where he received a bachelor of commerce degree in 1932.

## Career

After studying with the University of London External Programme in 1927–29, Coase entered the London School of Economics, where he took courses with Arnold Plant. He received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1991.

Coase became the oldest living Nobel laureate before his death in 2013.

## Personal life

Coase was married to Marian Hartung from 1937 until his death in 2013. They had no children.

### Death

Coase died in Chicago, Illinois on 2 September 2013 from natural causes. He was 102 years old.

## Other websites

- Coase Institute
- "Looking for Results" , interview in _Reason_ by Thomas W. Hazlett
- 2003 Coase Centennial Speech delivered by Coase (500MB QuickTime file, recommend downloading video before watching)
- Schumpeter "Why do Firms Exist?",  _Economist_, 16 December 2010.
- Russ Roberts's "Coase on Externalities, the Firm, and the State of Economics" from the Library of Economics and Liberty

## Infobox (economist)

- **name**: Ronald Coase
- **school tradition**: New institutional economics, New Institutional Economics
- **image**: Coase Smiling.jpg
- **caption**: Coase in Chicago in September 2009
- **alt**: Coase looking to the camera and smiling, wearing a suit and tie
- **birth place**: Willesden, Middlesex, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **nationality**: United Kingdom, British
- **institution**: University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo
University of Virginia
University of Chicago
- **field**: Law and economics
- **alma mater**: London School of Economics
- **contributions**: Coase Theorem
Analysis of transaction costs
 Coase conjecture
- **awards**: Nobel Prize in Economics (1991)
- **repec prefix**: e
- **repec id**: pco40
Frederik Pohl

**Frederik George Pohl, Jr.** (November 26, 1919 – September 2, 2013) was an American science fiction writer, editor and fan. His career has spanned over seventy-five years — from his first published work, the 1937 poem "Elegy to a Dead Satellite: Luna", through the 2011 novel _All the Lives He Led_ and articles and essays published in 2012.

Pohl was born on November 26, 1919, in New York City, New York. His family moved to Brooklyn when Pohl was around seven.

Pohl studied at Brooklyn Technical High School, but dropped out at the age of 17. Pohl was married to Judith Merril from 1949 until they divorced in 1953. They had one child. He married Carol Metallica in 1952; they divorced in 1982. He was married to Elizabeth Ann Hull from 1984 until his death in 2013.

Pohl died on September 2, 2013, in Palatine, Illinois from respiratory failure, aged 93.

## Other websites

- Frederik Pohl entry at NNDB
- Frederik Pohl Papers
- Locus Interview with Pohl, 2000

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frederik George Pohl, Jr.
- **image**: Frederik Pohl Eaton 2008-05-17.png
- **caption**: Pohl in May 2008
- **birth date**: November 26, 1919
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York
- **death date**: September 2, 2013
(aged 93)
- **death place**: Palatine, Illinois
- **nationality**: American
- **known for**: Science fiction literature
- **occupation**: Writer
Valérie Benguigui

**Valérie Benguigui** (6 November 1965 – 2 September 2013) was a French actress and theater director. She took acting classes at the Cours Florent and the National Chaillot Theatre School. Her first movie role was in Francis Huster's _On a volé Charlie Spencer_ (1986).

Benguigui was born on 6 November 1965 in Paris, France. She was married to Eric Wapler until her death in 2013. They had two children. Benguigui died on 2 September 2013 from breast cancer in her Paris home, aged 47.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Valérie Benguigui
- **image**: Valérie Benguigui Césars 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Benguigui in March 2013
- **birth date**: 6 November 1965
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death date**: 2 September 2013
(aged 47)
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **nationality**: French
- **occupation**: Actress
Theater director
Soteriology

**Soteriology** is the branch of theology dealing with salvation

## Related pages

- History of salvation
- Salvation (Christianity)
- Arminianism
- Calvinism
- Catholicism

## Other websites

- Bible.org on Soteriology
Remy

**Remy** or **Rémy** is a French name. It might mean:

- Pont-Remy, a French commune in Picardie
- Rémy, a French commune in Pas-de-Calais
- Remy, Oise
- Remy, Oklahoma
- Remy Zero, a musical group
- Remy, the main character from the movie _Ratatouille_
- Remy hair, a type of hair exensions

Remy is a name of an annoying boy he is totally not french Go on to simple Isabelle it will be a bad report but it is all fake sorry about this little dushbag he has a weird name od not name your child this or yourself
Developmental coordination disorder

**Developmental coordination disorder** is a chronic disability that affects coordination. It is also known as **developmental motor coordination disorder**, **developmental dyspraxia** or **dyspraxia**. Around 2-6% of people have dyspraxia. Four times as many males than females have it. It is sometimes called 'clumsy child syndrome', but adults have it too. Most people with dyspraxia have other disabilities such as ADHD or autism and Hypermobility.

There is no single cause of dyspraxia. It may not appear until later in childhood or sometimes even in adolescence. It cannot be cured: people who have it will live with it for life, however people are able to overcome it and find alternative ways to accomplish tasks which may usually be difficult without support.

## Signs

- Difficulty tying shoelaces
- Difficulty running, crouching and climbing stairs
- Poor coordination
- Untidiness
- Incorrect way of running
- Self-care difficulties
- Messy eating
- Not doing well in Physical Education classes
- Inability to ride a bike, jump rope and spin a hoop
- Not alternating feet when going on stairs

## Associated disorders

People who have developmental coordination disorder may also have one or more of these conditions:
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (inattention, hyperactivity, impulsive behaviour).
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Dyscalculia (difficulty with mathematics),
- Dysgraphia (an inability to write neatly and/or draw),
- Dyslexia (difficulty with reading and spelling),
- Hypotonia (low muscle tone)
- Sensory processing disorder
- Specific language impairment (SLI)
- Visual perception deficits

## Famous people with dyspraxia

Daniel Radcliffe has dyspraxia.

## Other websites

- Dyspraxia Foundation website
- Dyspraxia Yahoo Group
Lance Bass

**Lance Bass** (born **James Lance Bass**; May 4, 1979) is an American pop singer, dancer, actor, film and television producer, and author. He grew up in Mississippi and became famous as a singer in the American pop boy band NSYNC. NSYNC's success led Bass to work in film and television. He starred in the 2001 film _On the Line_, which his company, Bacon & Eggs, also produced. Bass later formed a second production company, Lance Bass Productions, as well as a now-defunct music management company, Free Lance Entertainment, with Mercury Records. In 2006 he came out as gay. Bass has Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. A book that Bass wrote about his life so far, _Out of Sync_, was published in 2007. In September 2013 Bass became engaged to Michael Turchin.

## Discography

- _*NSYNC_ (1998)
- _No Strings Attached_ (2000)
- _Celebrity_ (2001)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: James Lance Bass
- **image**: Lance_Bass_2014.jpg
- **caption**: Lance Bass, Beverly Hills, California on March 16, 2014
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: James Lance Bass
- **alias**: Lance Bass, Lansten
- **birth place**: Laurel, Mississippi, U.S.
- **origin**: Clinton, Mississippi, U.S.
- **instrument**: Vocals, piano
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **occupation**: Singing, Singer, dancer, entertainer, actor, film producer, television producer, author, gay rights activist
- **years active**: 1994–present
- **associated acts**: 'N Sync, Meredith Edwards
- **past member of**: NSYNC
- **website**: [http://www.lancebass.com/ LanceBass.com]
Ian "H" Watkins

**Ian "H" Watkins** (born 8 May 1976) is a Welsh singer, dancer and actor. He was born in Cwmparc. He is best known for being a member of the British pop group Steps. He has said that "H" stands for "hyperactive", describing his character.

After Steps broke up in 2001, he formed a singing duo with Claire Richards, who was also a Steps member. They released their music under the name H & Claire.

In January 2007 he came out as gay. In the same month, he was a housemate in _Celebrity Big Brother_.
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

**Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter** is a NASA spacecraft. It launched on August 12, 2005 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. It arrived at Mars on March 10, 2006. It went into orbit around Mars, and has been studying the planet since then. Its main goal is to find water on Mars, below the surface, and in the air. To do this, it has the largest telescope ever sent to another planet. The orbiter also works as a communications satellite. Its powerful antennas send and receive messages between NASA on Earth, and rovers on the surface of Mars.

## Infobox (spaceflight/ip)

- **type**: orbiter
- **object**: Mars
- **arrival date**: March 10, 2006, 21:24:00 UTC
<small>Timekeeping on Mars, MSD 46990 12:48 Airy Mean Time, AMT
20 Dhanus 211 Darian calendar, Darian</small>


## Infobox (spaceflight)

- **name**: _Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter_
- **image**: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft model.png
- **image caption**: Artist's impression of the _Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter_ spacecraft.
- **mission type**: Mars orbiter
- **operator**: NASAJet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL
- **website**:

- **cospar id**: 2005-029A
- **satcat**: 28788
- **mission duration**: Primary mission: 2 years

Elapsed: <small> from launch
 ( Timekeeping on Mars#Sols, sols) at Mars</small>
- **manufacturer**: Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Lockheed MartinUniversity of ArizonaApplied Physics Laboratory, APLItalian Space Agency, ASIMalin Space Science Systems
- **power**: 2,000.0 watts
- **launch date**:  UTC
- **launch rocket**: Atlas V 401
- **launch site**: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Cape Canaveral Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41, SLC-41
- **launch contractor**: International Launch Services, ILS
- **orbit reference**: Areocentric orbit, Areocentric
- **orbit regime**: Sun-synchronous orbit, Sun-synchronous
- **orbit inclination**: 93 degrees
- **apsis**: areion
- **insignia**: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter insignia.png
- **insignia alt**: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter insignia
- **insignia caption**: Official insignia of the _Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter_ mission.
- **insignia size**: 140px
Cherokee (disambiguation)

The **Cherokee** are a Native American tribe from the United States.

**Cherokee** might also mean:

- Cherokee, Iowa
- Cherokee, Oklahoma
- Cherokee County, Alabama
- Cherokee County, North Carolina
- Cherokee County, Oklahoma
- Cherokee Village, Arkansas
Black Eye galaxy

The **Black Eye Galaxy** (or **Sleeping Beauty Galaxy**; **Messier 64**, **M64**, **Evil Eye Galaxy** or **NGC 4826**) was discovered in 1779. It is a fairly close galaxy, just over 24 million light years away.

It has a spectacular dark band of absorbing dust in front of its bright nucleus. This is why it is called the "Black Eye" or "Evil Eye" galaxy. M64 is well known among amateur astronomers because it can be seen in small telescopes. It is a spiral galaxy in the Coma Berenices constellation.

## Galactic collision

The gas in the outer areas of M64 rotates in the opposite direction to the gas and stars in the inner areas. The inner area has a radius of only about 3,000 light-years, while the outer area extends another 40,000 light-years  Many new stars are near the edges between the two areas.

Astronomers think the oppositely rotating gas happened when M64 took in a galaxy that collided with it. This happened over a billion years ago. New stars are forming in the shear region. The shear region is where the oppositely rotating gases collide, are pushed together, and get smaller.

The image shows hot, blue young stars that have just been made. There are pink clouds of glowing hydrogen gas that fluoresces when exposed to ultraviolet light from newly made stars. The small galaxy that collided with M64 has now been almost completely destroyed. Its stars are either in the main galaxy or scattered into intergalactic space. The motion of gas at the outer edge of M64 is a sign of the ancient collision.
Centaurus A

**Centaurus A** or **NGC 5128** is a prominent galaxy in the constellation  of Centaurus. It was discovered in 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop at his home in  New South Wales, Australia.

NGC 5128 is either a Hubble type lenticular galaxy or a elliptical galaxy. It is 1016 million light-years away.

NGC 5128 is one of the closest radio galaxies to Earth. Its active center has been well studied. The galaxy is the fifth brightest in the sky, and is an ideal amateur astronomy target. The galaxy is only visible from low northern latitudes and the southern hemisphere.

Spitzer Space Telescope studies have confirmed that Centaurus A is colliding with, and devouring, a smaller spiral galaxy. Like other starburst galaxies, the collision produced the intense burst of star formation.

The center of the galaxy has a supermassive black hole. Its mass is about 55 million solar masses. This ejects a relativistic jet with emissions in the X-ray and radio wavelengths. Astronomers have taken radio observations of the jet ten years apart. They found that the inner parts of the jet are moving at about half the speed of light. X-rays are produced further out as the jet collides with surrounding gas. This produces highly energetic particles. The radio jets of Centaurus A are over a million light years long.
Marble Arch

**Marble Arch** is a white Carrara marble monument which is on a large traffic island. It is at the junction of Oxford Street, Park Lane, and Edgware Road, almost directly opposite Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park in the City of Westminster, London.

Historically, only members of the royal family and the King's Troop, Royal Horse Artillery, have been allowed to pass through the arch in ceremonial procession.

The name "Marble Arch" today usually refers to the area in West London where the arch is, at the southern end of Edgware Road. There is also a Marble Arch underground station nearby.

## History

Until 1851 it stood in front of Buckingham Palace. The arch was designed in 1825 by John Nash as a ceremonial entrance to the courtyard of the new Buckingham Palace. He was rebuilding the palace from the former Buckingham House. The palace, as designed by Nash, was laid out around three sides of the courtyard, with the Marble Arch placed on its open eastern side.
Thou (unit)

The **thou** (abbreviation **th**) or **mil** (mainly United States) is a unit of length in the Imperial System and the United States Customary Units. It is equal to  of an inch. This is not to be confused with the old form of "you".

## Etymology

Thou comes from the Germanic languages, a shortening of _thousandth_.

Mil comes from the Romance languages, a shortening of _mille_.

## History

The thou was introduced in 1844 by Joseph Whitworth as a substitute to traditional fractions such as     which cannot be defined simply in hundredths unlike  (0.25) or  (0.5). Traditional fractions continued to be used, as they were a substantial part of other units of length.

## Length

|International|Thou|Inch|Millimetre|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Thou|1||0.0254|

## Usage

The thou is used in engineering and manufacturing mostly.
Knock Madness

**Knock Madness** is the third studio album by American rapper Hopsin. It was released on November 24, 2013 through Funk Volume. It has so far been supported by the singles "Old Friend", "Hop Is Back", and "Rip Your Heart Out" featuring Tech N9ne.

The album debuted at #132 on the Billboard 200 and sold 4,000 copies in the United States. A week after it was released, the album rose to #76 on the Billboard 200 and sold 12,000 more copies.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Knock Madness
- **type**: studio album
- **artist**: Hopsin
- **released**: November 24, 2013
- **recorded**: 2011–2013
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop
- **length**: 74:26
- **label**: Funk Volume, Empire Distribution
- **producer**: Hopsin
- **prev title**: Raw (Hopsin album), Raw
(2010)
Yard

The **yard** (symbol: **yd**)  is a unit of length in the Imperial System and United States Customary Units.

The word "yard" comes from the Anglo-Saxon word for a straight rod.

## History

A yard has always been 3 feet, although the length of a foot has changed frequently throughout history. In 1959, the International Yard and Pound Agreement was signed between the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, the United States, New Zealand and Canada. It was defined as 0.9144 metres. The United States continued to use the old yard under the name 'Survey Yard'

## Length

|International|Inch|Foot|Yard|Chain|Furlong|Mile|Metre|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Yard|36|3|1||||0.9144|

## Usage

Roadsigns in the United Kingdom are in miles and yards, rarely in Canada and the Republic of Ireland. It can also be used as a measure of area (square yard) and as a measure of volume (cubic yard). It is also used to measure pitches and fields for a number of sports that originated from English speaking countries. It finds seldom use in other metricated Commonwealth Nations.

## Infobox (unit)

- **symbol**: yd
- **standard**: imperial units, imperial/US customary units, US units
- **quantity**: length
- **units2**: metric system, metric (SI) units
- **inunits2**: 0.9144 metre, m
- **units1**: imperial/US units
- **inunits1**: 3 foot (unit), ft
 36 inch, in
Shohreh Solati

**Shohreh Solati** (, born Fatemeh Solati on January 4, 1959, in Tehran) is an Iranian singer. She is among the most active and prolific Iranian female singers. Since the Iranian Revolution, she has continued her music career outside the country.

She is divorced with a daughter and lives in Los Angeles, California.

## Discography

|RANK|SONG|ALBUM|YEAR||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|{||||||
|* 1975: **Dokhtar-e-Mashreghi** * 1984: **Telesm** (with Shahram Shabpareh) * 1985: **Salam** * 1986: **Yeki Yekdooneh** (with Shahram Solati) * 1987: **Sheytoonak** * 1988: **Mix** * 1989: **Sedaye Paa** * 1990: **Jaan Jaan** * 1990: **Marmar** (with Dariush, Ebi, and Farzin) * 1991: **Gereftar** * 1992: **Khatereh 7** (with Moein) * 1992: **Sekeh Tala** (with Masoud Fardmanesh) * 1992: **Joomeh Be Joomeh** * 1993: **Ham Nafas** * 1993: **Mehmoon** (with Martik) * 1993: **Nemizaram Beri** (with Shahram Solati and Hassan Sattar) * 1994: **Panjereha** (with Shahram Solati) * 1994: **Zan** * 1996: **Ghesseh Goo** * 1997: **Shenidam** * 1998: **Aksaasho Paareh Kardam** * 1999: **Sayeh** * 2000: **Hekayat 5** (with Masoud Fardmanesh) * 2001: **Atr** * 2002: **Safar** * 2003: **Pishooni** * 2004: **Yaram Koo?** (with Faramarz Aslani and Siavash Ghomeishi) * 2005: **Havas** * 2008/2009: **Ashegham**|}|width="30%" align="right" valign="bottom"|{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"||
|1|**Dokhtar-e-Mashreghi**|_Dokhtar-e-Mashreghi _|1975||
|2|**Tab**|_Ghessehgoo_|1996||
|3|**Ghessehgoo I & II**|_Ghessehgoo_|1996||
|4|**Ayeneh**|_Panjereha_|1994||
|5|**Aksasho Pare Kardam**|_Aksasho Pare Kardam_|1998||
|6|**Peyghaam**|_Sayeh_|1999||
|7|**Safar**|_Safar_|2002||
|8|**Sar Beh Hava**|_Havas_|2005||
|9|**Gharibeh Aashegh**|_Mehmoon_|1993||
|10|**Nasoozi**|_Sayeh_|1999||
|11|**Atish**|_Pishooni_|2003||
|12|**Ayeneh**|_Zan_|1995||
|13|**Salam**|_Salam_|1985||
|14|**Bemiram**|_Ham Nafas_|1993||
|15|**Boghz**|_Safar_|2002|}|

## Videography

- Shohreh Live in Canada
- Best of Shohreh and Shahram
- Best of Shohreh #1
- Best of Shohreh #2
- Zan Album Videos (Selected Videos)
- Ghesseh Goo Album Videos (Selected Videos)
- Nemizaram Beri Album Videos (Selected Videos)
- Atr Album Videos (Selected Videos)
- Safar Album Videos (Selected Videos)
- Pishooni Album Videos (Selected Videos)
- Havas Album Videos (Selected Videos)

## Other websites

- Shohreh's official website
- Iran Song discography

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: Shohreh Solati Interview, Shabahang program, VOA - 12 September 2016 (1).jpg
- **caption**: Shohreh Solati Interview with VOA, 12 September 2016
- **name**:
Shohreh Solati
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: **Shohreh Solati**
- **birth place**: Tehran, Iran
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
 Dance music, Dance
 Persian traditional music, Persian
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1975–present
- **label**: Caltex Records
 Avang Records
 Nava Media
 Taraneh Records
 Power Records
 Radio Javan
- **website**: [http://www.shohreh-solati.com Official Site]
Godzilla (2014 movie)

***Godzilla*** is a 2014 action adventure science fiction monster movie. It is based on the Japanese movie monster of the same name. It is the second _Godzilla_ movie to be made by an American movie studio, after the 1998 movie of the same name. It retells how Godzilla got started in the modern day as a "terrifying force of nature". It was produced by Legendary Pictures and Warner Bros. Pictures, and was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures worldwide (except in Japan, where it was distributed by Toho). It was released on May 16, 2014.

## Plot

The movie has Godzilla fight against giant monsters called M.U.T.O.s who put the Earth in danger.

## Cast

- Aaron Taylor-Johnson as Lieutenant Ford Brody
- Bryan Cranston as Joe Brody
- Elizabeth Olsen as Elle Brody
- Ken Watanabe as Dr. Ishiro Serizawa
- Juliette Binoche as Sandra Brody
- David Strathairn as Admiral William Stenz
- Richard T. Jones as a military figure "The Colonel"
- Victor Rasuk as Tre Morales
- Akira Takarada (unknown role)
- Sally Hawkins as a scientist
- Yuki Morita as Akio
- CJ Adams as Young Ford
- Jared Keeso as Jump Master
- Patrick Sabongui as Master Sergeant Marcus Waltz
- Al Sapienza as Huddleston
- Brian Markinson as Whalen

## Future

The movie's success prompted Toho to produce a reboot of its own and Legendary to proceed with sequels and a shared cinematic franchise, with _Godzilla: King of the Monsters_ set to be released in 2019 and _Godzilla vs. Kong_ to be released in 2020 with Godzilla set to battle with King Kong from _Kong: Skull Island_ (2017).

## Other websites

- Godzilla Encounter
- Godzilla (2014) Movie News

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Godzilla
- **image**: Godzilla2014.jpg
- **director**: Gareth Edwards (director), Gareth Edwards
- **producer**: Jon Jashni
Mary Parent
Brian Rogers
Thomas Tull
- **screenplay**: Frank Darabont
Max Borenstein
David Callaham
David S. Goyer <small>(uncredited)</small>
Drew Pearce <small>(uncredited)</small>
- **story**: David Callaham
Max Borenstein
- **based on**: Godzilla
- **starring**: Aaron Johnson, Aaron Taylor-Johnson
Bryan Cranston
Elizabeth Olsen
Ken Watanabe
Juliette Binoche
David Strathairn
Sally Hawkins
- **music**: Alexandre Desplat
- **cinematography**: Seamus McGarvey
- **editing**: Bob Ducsay
- **studio**: Legendary Pictures
- **distributor**: Warner Bros., Warner Bros. Pictures <small>(Worldwide)</small>
Toho <small>(Japan)</small>
- **runtime**: 123 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English Korean
Anguirus

**Anguirus** is a fictional monster who appears in movies in the _Godzilla_ series. He is a very large, mutated ankylosaurus. He first appeared in _Godzilla Raids Again_, a 1955 kaiju movie from Toho Studios. He was the first monster that Godzilla fought against. Since then, he has fought with Godzilla against stronger monsters who put the Earth in danger. This makes him one of Godzilla's most trusted allies.

## Movie appearances

- _Godzilla Raids Again_ (1955)
- _Destroy All Monsters_ (1968)
- _All Monsters Attack_ (1969) (stock footage)
- _Godzilla vs. Gigan_ (1972)
- _Godzilla vs. Megalon_ (1973)
- _Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla_ (1974)
- _Godzilla Island_ (1997)
- _Godzilla: Final Wars_ (2004)
National Art Museum of Azerbaijan

**National Art Museum of Azerbaijan** is the biggest art museum of Azerbaijan. It was founded in 1936 in Baku and in 1943 was named after Rustam Mustafayev, a famous Azerbaijani theater stage designer and theater artist. The museum's collection includes over 15,000 artworks. There are over 3,000 items in 60 rooms on permanent display. About 12,000 items are kept in storage. The museum often changes the temporary displays so that more of these stored artworks can be displayed for a short time. The museum is made up of two buildings standing next to each other.

## The displays

Seven of the rooms in the first building show European art, and ten rooms show Russian art. European art includes artworks of Italian (Guercino, Leandro Bassano, Francesco Solimena, Lorenzo Bartolini), French (Jules Dupré, Gaspard Dughet, Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret, Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant), Dutch/Flemish (Frans Hals, Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt, Adriaen Brouwer, Adriaen van Ostade, Justus Sustermans, Pieter Claesz), German (Johann Heinrich Roos, Fritz August Kaulbach) and Polish (Jan Styka) painters.

The second building built in 1885 houses Eastern art, represented particularly by Persian, Turkish, Chinese and Japanese art. Russian art is represented notably by paintings of Karl Briullov, Alexey Venetsianov, Vasily Vereshchagin, Isaac Levitan, Vladimir Makovsky, Valentin Serov, Vladimir Borovikovsky, Vasily Tropinin, Konstantin Korovin and Ivan Shishkin. There are also restored artworks of Russian avant-garde.

Among Azerbaijani artists represented are painters Mir Mohsun Navvab, Bahruz Kangarli, Tair Salakhov, Azim Azimzade, Salam Salamzade, Vidadi Narimanbekov, Mikail Abdullayev, Togrul Narimanbekov and sculptor Omar Eldarov. The works of Sattar Bahlulzade fill one entire room.

The museum also holds easel and book miniatures of 17th-19th centuries, lacquered (varnished) miniatures of 18th-19th centuries and a collection of sherbet spoons, made from mulberry tree.

The first works were acquired from Saint-Petersburg, Moscow and private collections. The museum expositions were later shown in Canada (1966), Cuba (1967), Syria (1968), France (1969), former Czechoslovakia, Algeria (both 1970), Iraq (1971) etc. The museum is open Tuesday to Sunday from 10:00 until 18:00.

## Other websites

- Museum's overview (Bakupages.com)

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: National Art Museum of Azerbaijan
- **native name**: Azərbaycan Milli İncəsənət Muzeyi
- **native name lang**: az
- **image**: National Art Museum of Azerbaijan, Baku, 2010 (2).jpg
- **imagesize**: 200
- **caption**: Entrance of the museum
- **established**: 1936
- **location**: Niyazi Street 9/11,
Baku, Azerbaijan
- **type**: Art museum
- **collection**: 15,000 items: 3,000 items displayed (12,000 items stored)
University of New Haven

The **University of New Haven** is a private and nonsectarian university within West Haven, Connecticut, which borders the much larger city of New Haven. The university was established in 1920 and given the name _University of New Haven_ in 1970.
Kylie (album)

***Kylie*** is the first album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue, released on 4 July 1988. The album was produced by Stock, Aitken and Waterman, who also wrote nine of the ten songs. Mostly a dance-pop album, it also contains many bubblegum pop elements.

## Track listing

All songs written and produced by Mike Stock, Matt Aitken and Pete Waterman, except where noted.

## Other websites

- Kylie Minogue official website

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Kylie
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Kylie Minogue
- **border**: yes
- **recorded**: 1987–88
- **genre**: Dance-pop, bubblegum pop
- **label**: Mushroom Records
Geffen Records
- **producer**: Stock Aitken Waterman
- **next title**: Enjoy Yourself
- **next year**: 1989
Monster movie

A **monster movie** (also called a **creature feature** or **giant monster movie**) is a movie with humans trying to stay alive in attacks by very large monsters. Monster movies can fit in the horror, fantasy, or science fiction genres. In Japan, large monsters are called kaiju.

In many monster movies, the monster is created by humans because of something such as a bad experiment, the effects of radiation, or the destruction of habitat. Since the 1953 movie _The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms_, many monster movies have shown the monster being created by nuclear warfare. One of the most well-known movie monsters, Godzilla, was created by a nuclear weapon. Godzilla has appeared in 28 movies and has become a cultural icon in Japan.
The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms

***The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms*** is a 1953 science fiction monster movie. It was released on June 13, 1953, by Premier Productions. It was produced by Warner Bros. It made over $5 million, including $2.25 million in the United States in its first year.

The movie was the first movie to show a monster being woken up or created by an explosion from an atomic bomb. Its success helped cause the creation of more monster movies in the 1950s such as _Godzilla_.

## Plot

An atomic bomb test in the Arctic Circle wakes up a sleeping dinosaur, the fictional _Rhedosaurus_. After being woken up, it destroys New York City before being killed at Coney Island.

## Cast

- Paul Christian as Professor Tom Nesbitt
- Paula Raymond as Lee Hunter
- Cecil Kellaway as Dr. Thurgood Elson
- Kenneth Tobey as Colonel Jack Evans
- Donald Woods as Captain Phil Jackson
- Ross Elliott as George Ritchie
- Steve Brodie as Sgt. Loomis

- Jack Pennick as Jacob Bowman
- Michael Fox as ER doctor
- Lee Van Cleef as Corporal Jason Stone
- Frank Ferguson as Dr. Morton
- King Donovan as Dr. Ingersoll
- James Best as Charlie, radar operator

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms
- **director**: Eugène Lourié
- **producer**: Jack Dietz
Hal E. Chester
- **screenplay**: Fred Freiberger
Eugène Lourié
Louis Morheim
Robert Smith
- **starring**: Paul Christian
Paula Raymond
Cecil Kellaway
Kenneth Tobey
- **music**: David Buttolph
- **cinematography**: Jack Russell
- **editing**: Bernard W. Burton
- **studio**: Warner Bros.
- **distributor**: Premier Productions
- **released**: June 13, 1953
- **runtime**: 80 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English
- **budget**: $210,000
- **gross**: $5,000,000
Transkei

The **Transkei** (meaning _the area beyond the river Kei_), officially the **Republic of Transkei** was a Bantustan—an area for members of a specific ethnicity. It was in the southeastern region of South Africa. Its capital was Umtata (renamed Mthatha in 2004). President of South Africa Nelson Mandela was born here.
Xhosa language

**Xhosa** is one of the official languages of South Africa. Xhosa is spoken by 7.6 million people, or about 18% of the South African population. Xhosa is written using a Latin alphabet. Henry Hare Dugmore helped translate the entire Bible in Xhosa language. Xhosa has ten vowels.

Xhosa is well known for its set of three major clicks.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Xhosa
- **nativename**: isiXhosa
- **states**: South Africa, Zimbabwe, Lesotho
- **region**: Eastern Cape, Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Cape, Free State
- **ethnicity**: Xhosa people
- **speakers**: 8.2 million
- **date**: 2011 census
- **ref**: e18
- **speakers2**: 11 million L2 speakers (2002)
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic–Congo languages, Atlantic–Congo
- **fam3**: Benue–Congo languages, Benue–Congo
- **fam4**: Southern Bantoid languages, Southern Bantoid
- **fam5**: Bantu languages, Bantu
- **fam6**: Southern Bantu
- **fam7**: Nguni languages, Nguni
- **fam8**: Zunda languages, Zunda
- **nation**:

- **script**: Latin script, Latin (Xhosa alphabet)
Xhosa Braille
- **sign**: Signed Xhosa
- **iso1**: xh
- **iso2**: xho
- **iso3**: xho
- **glotto**: xhos1239
- **glottorefname**: Xhosa
- **guthrie**: S.41
- **lingua**: [http://linguasphere.info/?page=linguascale&linguacode=99-AUT-fa 99-AUT-fa] incl.
varieties 99-AUT-faa
to 99-AUT-faj +
99-AUT-fb (isiHlubi)
- **map**: South Africa Xhosa speakers proportion map.svg
- **mapcaption**: Proportion of the South African population that speaks Xhosa at home
- **notice**: IPA
Thembu people

The **Thembu** is a tribe that was made to fall under the subgroup of the Xhosa people during the Apartheid period. They are one of the handful of nation groups that speak IsiXhosa in South Africa. The name in Xhosa is anathema, aba- a common prefix for peoples. The current reigning King of the aversion is King  Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo whose praise name is Zwelibanzi—the most recognizable Thembu person in Nelson Mandela. The traditional homeland of the Thembu is called Thembuland.
University of Fort Hare

The **University of Fort Hare** is a public university in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa. It was an important university for black Africans from 1916 to 1959.

It offered a Western-style, academically excellent education to students from across sub-Saharan Africa, creating a black African elite. Nelson Mandela studied at the university during his early years before leading a group of students on a political strike and getting expelled.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **motto**: _In lumine tuo videbimus lumen_ ("In your light we shall see the light")
- **established**: 1916
- **chancellor**: Dumisa Ntsebeza, Dumisa Buhle Ntsebeza
- **type**: Public university
- **vice chancellor**: Sakhela Buhlungu
- **students**: 13,331 (2015)
- **city**: Main campus: Alice, Eastern Cape, Alice
Other: Bhisho
East London, Eastern Cape, East London
- **state**: Eastern Cape
- **country**: South Africa
- **website**: http://www.ufh.ac.za/
African National Congress Youth League

The **African National Congress Youth League** (ANCYL) is a part of the African National Congress for younger people. It was founded in 1944 by Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu. They created the foundation to put an end to apartheid in Africa.

The African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) was established on 2 April 1944, by Anton Lambede (who became the League’s first President), Nelson Mandela, Ashby Mda, Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo. They were joined by, Duma Nokwe, B Masekela, Ida Mtwa, Lillian Ngoyi, James Njongweni, William Nkomo and Dan Tloome. The aim of the Youth League was to push the ANC away from the then South African version of Communism, towards its founding ideology which was Africanism. At the time the ANCYL was established, political circumstances in South Africa were tenuous as the ruling United Party was divided about South Africa’s participation in World War II. Four years after the establishment of the Youth League, the United Party’s rule came to an end and the country was subsequently governed by the National Party.

## Former leaders

- Fikile Mbalula
- Julius Malema
Inkatha Freedom Party

The **Inkatha Freedom Party** (IFP) is a political party in South Africa. Since it was founded it has been led by Mangosuthu Buthelezi. It is currently the fourth largest party in the National Assembly of South Africa. It was very close with the African National Congress. It was founded on 21 March 1975.
Sit-ski

A **Sit-ski** is a sled used by a skier with paraplegia, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, or cerebral palsy.  It is made from fiberglass. Early sit-skis looked like kayaks and had metal edges.

Sit-skis are used for para-Nordic skiing and para-alpine skiing.  If the sit-ski has one ski, it is sometimes name a mono-ski.  If a sit-ski has two skis, it is sometimes called a bi-ski.  Skiers first used bi-skis in para-alpine skiing before using mono-skis.  Mono-skis allow skiers to ski using the same way that people who stand ski down a hill.

Sit-ski users use outrigger skis.  In para-Nordic skiing, a sit-skier may use a normal ski pole that is not as long as one people standing up to ski would use.

When skiers first learn to ski, their teacher may be connected to them on a tether until the skier can control the sit-ski on their own.
Mono-ski

A **mono-ski** is a sled used by a skier with limited use of their lower limbs, often due to paraplegia, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, or other disabilities.  Mono-skis are used only in para-alpine skiing.  People who use mono-skis need good balance to stop themselves from falling over.  The mono-ski has a chair with one ski attached to the bottom.

People first used mono-skis in 1985 in the United States.  Mono-skis allow skiers to ski using the same way that people who stand ski down a hill.

Mono-skis have a hydraulic lift.  This makes it easier for a skier to get in and out of the mono-ski.
Most distant things

This article lists the **most distant things** known to us, all of which are galaxies or energy sources inside galaxies. Their distances are described in two ways. redshift = z, and billion light years (Gly).

As of 2012, there are only about 50 possible objects z=8 or farther, and another 100 z=7 candidates. Candidates vary in their notability, so not everything is included here. 1 Gly = 1 billion light-years = 10<sup>9</sup> ly.

|Name|Redshift (z)|Distance (Gly)|Type|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|F200DB-045|z = 20.4|13.725|Galaxy||
|JADES-GS-z14-0|z = 14.32||Galaxy||
|HD1|z = 13.27|13.579|Galaxy||
|JADES-GS-z13-0|z = 13.20|13.576|Galaxy or dark star|Possibly a dark star.|
|GN-z11|z = 10.6034|13.39|Galaxy|Confirmed galaxy|
|EGSY8p7|z = 8.68|13.23|Galaxy|Confirmed galaxy|
|EGSY8p7 Star 22|z = 8.68|13.23|Star|A yellow hypergiant and is the most distant known star.|
|GRB 090423|z = 8.2|13.18|Gamma-ray burst||
|EGS-zs8-1|z = 7.73|13.13|Galaxy|Confirmed galaxy|
|z7 GSD 3811|z = 7.66|13.11|Galaxy|galaxy|
|z8 GND 5296|z≅ 7.51|13.1|Galaxy|Note the discrepancy between distance and red-shift.|
|UDFj-39546284|z≅11.9|13.37|Protogalaxy|This is a protogalaxy.|
|MACS0647-JD|z≅10.8|13.3|Galaxy or protogalaxy|Candidate most distant galaxy.|
|MACS J1149-JD|z≅9.6|13.2|Galaxy or protogalaxy||
|GRB 090429B|z≅9.4|13.14|Gamma-ray burst/progenitor/remnant||
|UDFy-33436598|z≅8.6||Galaxy or protogalaxy||
|GRB 090423|z≅8.2|13.035|Gamma-ray burst/progenitor/remnant||
|BoRG-58|z≅8||Cluster or protocluster|Protocluster candidate|
|A1689-zD1|z≅7.6|13|Galaxy or protogalaxy|Galaxy|
|SXDF-NB1006-2|z≅7.215|12.91|Galaxy or protogalaxy|Galaxy|
|GN-108036|z≅7.213|12.91|Galaxy or protogalaxy|Galaxy|
|BDF-3299|z=7.109|12.9|Galaxy or protogalaxy, spectroscopic redshift.|Vanzella et al. (2011), ApJ,730,35|
|ULAS J1120+0641|z≅7.085|12.9|Quasar||
|A1703 zD6|z≅7.045|12.89|Galaxy or protogalaxy||
|BDF-521|z=7.008|12.89|Galaxy or protogalaxy, spectroscopic redshift.|Vanzella et al. (2011), ApJ,730,35|
|IOK-1|z≅6.964|12.88|Galaxy or protogalaxy||
|LAE J095950.99+021219.1|z≅6.944||Galaxy or protogalaxy|Lyman-alpha emitter—Faint Galaxy|
|PSO J172.3556+18.7734|z = 6.82||Quasar (Astrophysical jet)||
|Earendel|z = 6.2||Star|Blue hypergiant.|
|colspan=5|||||
- UDFy-38135539 is the furthest _confirmed_ object (spectroscopically analysed) at 13.1 Gly.

## Related pages

- Galaxy
- List of galaxies
- IC 1101: the largest known galaxy, with about 100 trillion stars.
Double play

A **double play** is a play in baseball. It is when two outs are performed in one playing action. Double plays are called "the pitcher's best friend", because they cause more problems for offenses than any other plays. The most common type of double play is when there is a player on first base and a ground ball is hit toward the middle of the infield.
UDFj-39546284

**UDFj-39546284** is a 'stellar structure' (probably a galaxy) reported January 27, 2011 as light from the oldest object. It was detected through infrared observation by the Hubble Space Telescope.  It was reported in December 2012 to be at redshift z = 11.9 using Hubble and Spitzer telescope data, including Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF).

The actual stellar source of the light detected no longer exists. The image is likely to correspond to a compact mini-galaxy of blue stars that existed as we see it 13.42 billion years ago, around "380 million years" after the Big Bang (estimated at 13.8 billion years ago).

At the time of the announcement, it was the oldest galaxy found. It beat the previous distance record holder by about 150 million light years. With the revision of the distance, it again became the oldest galaxy found as of December 12, 2012. The next attempt to see further will be the James Webb Space Telescope launched sometime this decade.

Unlike UDFy-38135539, UDFj-39546284 has not been spectroscopically confirmed. A galaxy first formed near to the end of the Dark Ages, it offers information from early after the Big Bang.

## Infobox (galaxy)

- **name**: UDFj-39546284
- **image**: UDFj-39546284-hs-2011-05-c.jpg
- **caption**: Hubble Space Telescope image of UDFj-39546284 (seen as a reddish spot in the centre of the image)
- **constellation name**: Fornax
- **z**: 11.9
- **dist ly**: ~13.42 Giga-, billion light-years (Distance measures (cosmology), light travel distance)
 ~32.7(?) billion light-years
(present comoving distance)
- **appmag v**: V fainter than 30.1
H<sub>160</sub> = 28.92 ± 0.18
J band, J<sub>125</sub> - H band, H<sub>160</sub> > 2
Athens Olympics

**Athens Olympics** can mean:

- 1896 Summer Olympics, games of the I Olympiad
- 1906 Summer Olympics, intercalated games, unofficial
- 2004 Summer Olympics, games of the XXVIII Olympiad
Cypriniformes

**Cypriniformes** is a group of ray-finned fish, which includes carps and minnows. The group contains 320 genera, with over 3200 species.

The most well-known family in the order is the Cyprinidae. type species of this order is the common carp, ***Cyprinus carpio***.

## Description

The Cypriniformes have a Weberian apparatus and a dorsal fin on their backs. Unlike other fish, they don't have teeth in their mouths. Instead, they have pharyngeal teeth.

### Extant species

- Common carp, _Cyprinus carpio_
- Spined loach, _Cobitis taenia_
- Tench, _Tinca tinca_
- Gudgeon, _Gobio gobio_
- White sucker, _Catostomus commersonii_
- Crucian carp, _Carassius carassius_

### Extinct species

- †_Cyprinus yilongensis_
- †_Jianghanichthys_
- †_Amyzon_
- †_Palaeocarassius_

## Related pages

- Cyprinus carpio
- Jianghanichthys
London Olympics

**London Olympics** can mean:

- 1908 Summer Olympics
- 1944 Summer Olympics (suspended for World War II)
- 1948 Summer Olympics
- 2012 Summer Olympics
University of Rhode Island

The **University of Rhode Island** (URI) is the main public research university in the U.S. State of Rhode Island. It was established in 1892 as Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. The name was changed to Rhode Island State College around 1909, and officially to University of Rhode Island during 1951. URI is in Kingston, Rhode Island.

## History

In 1888 the university was chartered as Rhode Island's agricultural school and became the Rhode Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in 1892. The first class of 17 students was graduated two years later.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University of Rhode Island
- **image upright**: 0.8
- **motto**: Think Big. We Do.
- **type**: Flagship university, Flagship
Public University, Public
Land grant university, Land Grant
National Sea Grant College Program, Sea Grant
- **endowment**: $145.6 million (2017)
- **president**: David M. Dooley
- **provost**: Donald H. DeHayes
- **students**: 18,072 (Fall 2017)
- **undergrad**: 15,092 (Fall 2017)
- **postgrad**: 3,033 (Fall 2017)
- **city**: Kingston, Rhode Island, Kingston
- **staff**: 675 full time
- **state**: Rhode Island
- **country**: U.S.
- **campus**: Rural,
- **former names**: Rhode Island College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts (1892–1909)
Rhode Island State College (1909–1951)
- **sporting affiliations**: NCAA Division I
Atlantic 10 Conference
Colonial Athletic Association (football)
- **colors**: Keaney Blue, White & Navy Blue
- **nickname**: Rhode Island Rams, Rams
- **mascot**: Rhody the Ram
- **logo**: University of Rhode Island logo.svg
- **logo size**: 250
Fluorescence

**Fluorescence** is the light given off by certain substances when it absorbs light or other electromagnetic radiation. First the substance absorbs the energy, then it emits light. When the light source is removed, the fluorescence stops occurring. It is a form of luminescence.

In most cases, the light given off has a longer wavelength and lower energy than the absorbed light.

One of the most surprising types of fluorescence is when a substance absorbs ultraviolet light that cannot be seen by the human eye, but gives off visible light.

Fluorescence is used in many fields such as mineralogy, gemology, chemical sensors (fluorescence spectroscopy), dyes, biological detectors, and fluorescent lights.

Fluorescence in the life sciences is a way of tracking biological molecules. A protein or other component can have a fluorescent dye attached to it, which allows a scientist to visually find the specific protein with a microscope.
Travesti

In theatre, **travesti** (meaning "disguised") is a character performed by a person of the opposite gender. A woman performing as a male in male clothing is called a **breeches role**. Famous travesty roles in opera include Cherubino in _The Marriage of Figaro_, Siebel in _Faust_, and Octavian in _Der Rosenkavalier_. In ballet, the role of Frantz in _Coppélia_ was a travesty role at the Paris Opéra until the 1950s.  Carabosse in Tchaikovsky's ballet _The Sleeping Beauty_ is performed by a man in woman's clothing. The Stepsisters in Prokofiev's ballet _Cinderella_ are sometimes played by men in women's clothing. The title character is a travesty role in the Broadway musical _Peter Pan_.