juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dental formula

A **dental formula** is a summary of a mammal's teeth.

Almost all mammals have four kinds of teeth:
1. incisors
1. canines
1. premolars
1. molars

Teeth numbers and form have adapted to different feeding methods. Over time, different mammal groups have evolved distinct dental features, in the number and type of teeth, and in the shape and size of the chewing surface.

The number of teeth of each type is written as a dental formula for one side of the mouth, or quadrant, with the upper and lower teeth shown on separate rows. The number of teeth in a mouth is twice that listed as there are two sides.

In each set, incisors (I) are indicated first, canines (C) second, premolars (P) third, and finally molars (M), giving I:C:P:M. So for example, the formula 2.1.2.3 for upper teeth indicates 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars on one side of the upper mouth.

The deciduous dental formula is notated in lowercase lettering preceded by the letter d: e.g. di:dc:dm. An animal's dentition for either deciduous or permanent teeth can thus be expressed as a dental formula, written in the form of a fraction: I.C.P.M / I.C.P.M.

Since the teeth are always listed in the same order, the letters can be dropped, thus:
1. Human: deciduous teeth: 212/212; adult = 2123/2123. Both childhood molars are replaced by adult premolars. Adult total is double the formula = 32.
1. Opossum: 5134/4134 (one less incisor on each side of the lower jaw).
1. Felines: 3131/3121. The last upper premolar and sole lower molar of the cat are 'carnassials', used to slice meat and skin. The carnassials are always the fourth upper premolar and the first lower molar.
1. Horse 313-43/3133. The horse dentition is highly specialized for eating grass. Continuous growth from the roots counters teeth wear. The teeth fall into two clear groups: incisors seize the grass, molars grind the grass.
Both felines and horses have a large diastema, or gap, between their front teeth and their back teeth. This is a natural feature in many types of mammal.

## References

]
Scania OmniLink

The **Scania OmniLink** is a series of 2-axle and 3-axle city buses. They have low-floors. They have been made from 1998 to 2013 by Scania of Sweden.

They were made as rigid buses and as articulated buses.

In 2013, It was replaced by the Scania Citywide LE for left-hand drive countries and Scania K UBs with Irizar i3 bodywork for right-hand drive countries.

### Europe

From 1998 to 2013, Arriva ordered OmniLinks for its subsidiaries in Europe such as Arriva Danmark,

In 2005, 140 OmniLinks were made for different bus companies in St Petersburg in Russia.

In 2009, Swebus ordered 6 ethanol-fuelled OmniLink hybrid fuel cell buses for a two-year trial in Stockholm.

### United Kingdom and Ireland

In 2007, Nottingham City Transport ordered 3 OmniLinks.

In 2008, Nottingham City Transport was sent 3 ethanol hybrid-fuelled OmniLinks for trials, the trial was not a success, and the buses were changed back to diesel.

From 2008 to 2010, National Express West Midlands and National Express Dundee ordered 180 OmniLinks.

In 2009, Bus Éireann ordered 25 OmniLinks for services in Cork.

In 2007, Brighton & Hove ordered 7 OmniLinks.

In 2013, Johnsons Excelbus ordered 2 OmniLinks.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Scania OmniLink
- **image**: Arriva 7870 Amsterdam 13-12-05.JPG
- **caption**: An articulated Scania OmniLink in service with Arriva in Amsterdam in December 2006
- **manufacturer**: Scania (company), Scania AB
- **production**: 1998–2013
- **successor**: Scania Citywide LE
Scania Citywide LE Hybrid
- **capacity**: 39 to 64 seated
- **length**: , , ,
- **floortype**: Low-entry bus, Low entry
- **doors**: 1 to 3
- **related**: Scania OmniCity
Lux Interior

**Erick Lee Purkhiser** (October 21, 1946 – February 4, 2009), better known as **Lux Interior**, was an American singer. He was a founding member of punk the band The Cramps.
Poison Ivy (musician)

**Kristy Marlana Wallace** (born February 20, 1953) is an American guitarist, songwriter, arranger, producer, and sometimes a vocalist. Wallace is better known by the stage names of **Poison Ivy** and sometimes **Poison Ivy Rorschach**. She was a co-founder of the American garage punk band The Cramps.

She was married to Lux Interior for 37 years until he died on February 4, 2009.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Poison Ivy
- **img**: Ivywow.jpg
- **img capt**: Poison Ivy performing in 2005
- **img size**: 230px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **alias**: Poison Ivy, Poison Ivy Rorschach
- **birth name**: Kristy Marlana Wallace
- **birth place**: San Bernardino, California, San Bernardino, California
- **instrument**: Guitar, Singing, vocals, bass guitar
- **genre**: Garage punk, psychobilly, rock and roll, noise rock
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter, Record producer, producer
- **years active**: 1973–2009
- **associated acts**: The Cramps
Horror punk

**Horror punk** (sometimes referred to as **horror rock**) is a dark style of music mixing gothic and punk rock sounds with morbid imagery. Often, song topics are taken from horror films, horror punk bands create an atmosphere by telling tales through their songs. It is closely related to an often overlaps with the death rock movement; while death rock tends to lean more towards the goth sound, horror punk leans towards a doo-wop sound.

The Misfits are recognized as the first band of the horror punk subgenre. Misfits first horror punk recording sessions can be traced back to 1977. In 1982, the Misfits released their first full-length album, Walk Among Us. Influenced by the Misfits, another early punk band TSOL released a horror punk album called Dance with Me in the early 1980s.

The genre, with the exception of artists like Jack Grisham (on the left) and Michale Graves (on the right), is generally  apolitical.

**Horror hardcore** is a term coined by Dwid Hellion that refers to a hybrid of horror punk and hardcore punk. The Misfits' third album, _Earth A.D._, and the early work of Glenn Danzig's subsequent band Samhain inaugurated the style. Septic Death and Integrity also performed this subgenre.

**Horror metal** is a term which originated in the 1980s to describe Ripper's first album. Since then, a number of bands playing several different styles of metal have fallen under this banner, including Necrophagia and the Vision Bleak.

## Notable horror punk bands

- AFI
- Balzac
- Calabrese
- Dr. Chud's X-Ward
- The Independents
- The Misfits
- Murderdolls
- Nightmare Sonata
- The Creepshow
- The Other
- Rosemary's Billygoat
- Samhain
- Schoolyard Heroes
- Serpenteens
- Wednesday 13
Psychobilly

**Psychobilly** is a style of rock music that mixes elements of punk rock, rockabilly, and other genres. Some psychobilly songs include thrash metal or country music styles. Psychobilly is commonly played with a simple guitar/bass/drum/vocal arrangement, with many bands consisting of only three members. Often the guitarist or bassist will be the lead vocalist.

The first psychobilly band was the Meteors, a band from London, UK.

Psychobilly band members and fans often shave part of their heads.
Slim Harpo

**James Moore**, known as **Slim Harpo**, (January 11, 1924 — January 31, 1970) was a famous blues musician born in Lobdell, Louisiana, USA. He played in the style called Swamp blues.

As a child he learned to play the guitar and the harmonica. He started playing in the 1940's and in 1948 became a full time musician, using the name "Harmonica Slim". He changed his name to "Harpo Slim" in the 1950's.

He had several hit recordings including, "King Bee" in 1957, "Raining in my Heart" in 1961 and "Scratch My Back" in 1966.

The Rolling Stones recorded "King Bee" on their first album.

Harpo Slim died from a heart attack in 1970.
Barnyard (video game)

***Barnyard*** is a 2006 party game based on the animated movie of the same name. It has been released for the Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2, Game Boy Advance, PC, and the Wii.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Barnyard
- **developer**: Blue Tongue Entertainment
 Halfbrick (GBA version)
- **publisher**: THQ
- **released**: **Game Boy Advance**, **Windows**, & **PlayStation 2**
**GameCube**
**Wii**

- **genre**: Party game, Party
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player
- **platforms**: Game Boy Advance, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, Wii
Alligator Records

**Alligator Records** is an independent blues record label from Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was founded by Bruce Iglauer in 1971. For his work maintaining Chicago Blues Iglauer was honoured "Chicagoans-of-the-Year 2001"

## History

Alligator Records was founded to publish an album by Hound Dog Taylor & The HouseRockers, his favourite band. His employer, Bob Koester of Delmark Records refused to do so, therefore Iglauer decided to make his own record label.

Since its beginning Alligator Records has published over  250 Blues- und Bluesrockalbums.

## Honours

- 34 Grammy-nominations
- 2 Grammys (I'm Here, by Clifton Chenier; Showdown! by Albert Collins, Johnny Copeland, and Robert Cray)
- 18 Indie Awards of the Association for Independent Music (AFIM)
- 3 Grand Prix du Disque
- 70 W.C. Handy Blues Awards(now Blues Music Awards) of The Blues Foundation

## Other websites

Official wbsite of Alligator Records with discography
Pikes Peak

**Pikes Peak** is a  high mountain near Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. It can be seen from over 100 miles on clear days. It was named after Zebulon Pike who explored the area in 1806. The summit of the peak can be reached either by car or railway. The spectacular view from the top is what inspired Katharine Lee Bates to write "America The Beautiful" in 1893, and there is a plaque with the words to the song at the summit as well. It is also the home of the second oldest car race in the United States.
Specialty Records

**Specialty Records** was an American record label from Los Angeles. It was founded as Juke Box Records in 1946, but renamed by its owner Art Rupe when separated from some of his former partners. Speciality is known for its rhythm and blues, blues, gospel and early rock and roll music which the label recorded. Specialty also had two music publishing companies, Venice Music and Greenwich Music. During the 1960s Speciality stopped the recordings and only sold the old records. In 1968, because of  interest in the early days of rock and roll, Rupe started the label again and reissued much of the old material.

Art Rupe was famous for being one of the most honest men in recording business. He paid and recorded his musicians well and he never paid for being played in the radio. On Speciality you can hear some of the wildest rhythm and blues of this time because Rupe gave a lot of freedom to his musicians.

In 1991 the label was sold to the Concord Music Group which has reissued albums by a number of Specialty's original artists.

## Related pages

- Sam Cooke (with the Soul Stirrers and a couple of pop singles before his major stardom)
- John Lee Hooker
- Little Richard
- Roy Milton - Roy Miltons "R.M. Blues" was the first song who sold over a million copies in the black market.

## Other websites

- History of Rock - Speciality Records
- Concord Music Group-Speciality Records
- Speciality-Album discography
- Speciality Singles discography
Rap metal

**Rap metal** is a subgenre of rap rock which fuses vocal and usually instrumental elements of hip hop music with heavy metal. Rap metal is often confused with rap rock and rapcore.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Rap metal
- **bgcolor**: darkblue
- **color**: white
- **cultural origins**: Mid-to-late 1980s, United States
- **popularity**: Underground in 1980s, moderate in early 1990s, gained much mainstream success in the mid-90s.
Slav Defence

The **Slav defence** is an important reply to 1d4. It is popular with top players. The Slav usually begins:

- 1.d4 d5
- 2.c4 c6 (this is the characteristic move of the Slav)
- 3.Nf3 Nf6
- 4.Nc3 (see diagram)
Other fourth moves for White are 4.e3, 4.cxd5 and 4.Qb3.

## The Slav proper

Now 4...dxc4 is the Slav:

### Mainline

This line was explored in two world championship matches between Alekhine and Euwe in 1935 and 1937.

- 5.a4 Bf5
- 6.e3 e6
- 7.Bxc4 Bb4
- 8.0-0 0-0

### Slav Gambit

- 5.e3 or e4
- with 5...b5 Black keeps the pawn

## The Semi-Slav

- 4...e6 is the Semi-Slav:

### The Russian variation

Sometimes called the Botvinnik variation.

- 5.Bg5 dxc4
- 6.e4 b5
- 7.e5 h6
- 8.Bh4 g5
- 9.Nxg5 hxg5
- 10.Bxg5 Nbd7
- 11.exf6 Bb7
- 12.g3 Bb7

### The Meran defence

- 5.e3 Nbd7
- 6.Bd3 dxc4
- 7.Bxc4 b5
- 8.Bd3 Bb7
- 9.0-0 a6
- 10.e4 c5

## References

- Matthew Sadler 1997. _The Slav_. Chess Press, Brighton
- Matthew Sadler 1998. _The Semi-Slav_. Chess Press, Brighton.
Funk rock

**Funk rock** (also typed as **funk-rock**) is a music genre that fuses funk and rock elements.
Its earliest incarnation was heard in the late 1960s through the mid-1970s by acts such as the Jimi Hendrix Experience (last two albums), Eric Burdon and War, Trapeze, Parliament-Funkadelic, Betty Davis and Mother's Finest. In the 1990s acts such as Prince, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Rage Against the Machine and Faith No More revived the genre.

## Characteristics

Funk rock is a fusion of funk and rock. Many instruments may be incorporated into the music, but the overall sound is defined by a definitive bass or drum beat and electric guitars. The bass and drum rhythms are influenced by funk music but with more intensity, while the guitar can be funk-or-rock-influenced, usually with distortion, which is similar to overdrive or fuzz.
Funk metal

**Funk metal** (also known as **metallic funk** or **thrash-funk**) is the fusion of heavy metal and funk. It sometimes also has elements of punk rock. Funk metal was part of the alternative metal movement. It has been described as a "brief but extremely media-hyped stylistic fad".

The funk metal scene formed in California during the mid-1980s. These bands played a mix of funk, hard rock, hip hop and punk. The genre quickly evolved to include elements of thrash metal.

## Notable funk metal artists

<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
- 24-7 Spyz
- Bang Tango
- Bootsauce
- Buckethead
- Clutch
- Electric Boys
- Extreme
- Fishbone
- Faith No More
- Family Force 5
- Follow for Now
- Gargamel!
- Hoobustank
- I Mother Earth
- Incubus
- Infectious Grooves
- Jimmie's Chicken Shack
- Kid Rock (Early)
- King's X
- LAPD
- Limp Bizkit
- Living Colour
- Lucy Brown
- Maximum the Hormone
- Mind Funk
- Mr. Bungle (early)
- Mordred
- Nuclear Rabbit
- Primus
- Psychefunkapus
- Rage Against the Machine
- Red Hot Chili Peppers
- Royal Crescent Mob
- Siam Shade
- Stevie Salas
- Suicidal Tendencies
- T.M. Stevens
- Urban Dance Squad
</div>

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Funk metal
- **cultural origins**: Mid-1980s, California, United States
- **regional scenes**: Music of California, California
- **local scenes**: San Francisco, California
- **other topics**: *Groove metal
* punk funk
Provincial Assembly of the Punjab

The **Provincial Assembly of the Punjab** is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the province of Punjab, which is located in Lahore in  eastern Pakistan. The Assembly was established under Article 106 of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan as having a total of 371 seats, with 66 seats reserved for women and eight reserved for non-Muslims.
Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The **Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa** is the unicameral legislative body of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. It was established under Article 106 of the Constitution of the Pakistan. The assembly has 124 elected members. There are 99 regular seats, with 22 seats reserved for women and 3 seats for Non-Muslims.

The assembly elects a Chief Minister of the Province. He selects a Cabinet of Ministers to run the various government departments.
Asian Development Bank

The **Asian Development Bank** (**ADB**) is a regional development bank established on 19 December 1966, which is headquartered in 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 1550, Philippines. The company also maintains 31 field offices around the world to promote social and economic development in Asia. The bank admits the members of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP, formerly the Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East or ECAFE) and non-regional developed countries. From 31 members at its establishment, ADB now has 68 members.

The ADB was modeled closely on the World Bank, and has a similar weighted voting system where votes are distributed in proportion with members' capital subscriptions. ADB releases an annual report that summarizes its operations, budget and other materials for review by the public. The ADB-Japan Scholarship Program (ADB-JSP) enrolls about 300 students annually in academic institutions located in 10 countries within the Region. Upon completion of their study programs, scholars are expected to contribute to the economic and social development of their home countries.

ADB is an official United Nations Observer.

As of 31 December 2018, Japan and the United States each holds the largest proportion of shares at 15.571%. China holds 6.429%, India holds 6.317%, and Australia holds 5.773%.

The **Asian Development Bank** (**ADB**) is a regional development bank established on 22 August 1966 to facilitate economic development of countries in Asia.  The President of the Asian Development Bank is Abhist Vejjajiva

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Asian Development Bank
- **image**: Asian Development Bank logo.svg
- **image size**: 180px
- **abbreviation**: ADB
- **motto**: ADB is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient and sustainable Asia & the Pacific, while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty.
- **type**: Multilateral Development Bank
- **status**: Treaty
- **purpose**: Social and Economic Development
- **headquarters**: 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 1550, Philippines
- **region served**: Asia-Pacific
- **membership**: 68 countries
- **leader title**: President
- **leader name**: Masatsugu Asakawa (from 17 January 2020)
- **num staff**: 3,092
- **website**: www.adb.org
Group of 24

The **Group of 24** (**G24**), a chapter of the G-77, was established in 1971 to coordinate the positions of developing countries on international monetary and development finance issues and to ensure that their interests were adequately represented in negotiations on international monetary matters.
Clacton-on-Sea

**Clacton-on-Sea** is a medium-sized seaside town in Tendring, Essex, England. It has about 55,000 inhabitants. Many people in the town are elderly. The A133 road runs into Clacton-on-Sea.
Great Dunmow

**Great Dunmow** is a town near the A120 road in Uttlesford, Essex, England.
Braintree

**Braintree** is a town in Essex, England, near the A120 road.
Maldon

**Maldon** is a town and civil parish on the A414 road, in Essex, England. In 2001 there were 14,034 people living in Maldon.
Woodbridge

**Woodbridge** is a town near the A12 road in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 7,368 people living in Woodbridge.
Harrogate

**Harrogate** is a spa town in North Yorkshire, England. About 76,000 people live there. It is famous for its traditional Roman baths, the beautiful Valley Gardens and the traditional tea room, _Betty's_.
Kettering

**Kettering** is a town near the A14 road, in Northamptonshire, England.
Andover, Hampshire

**Andover** is a town near the A303 road in Hampshire, England.
Appleby-in-Westmorland

**Appleby-in-Westmorland** is a  market town and civil parish. It is in Eden, Cumbria, in North West England. It has a population of 3,048. It is in the historic county of Westmorland, of which it is the traditional county town.

The town's name was simply Appleby, until the local government changes of 1974. The council changed the town's name, to preserve the historic county name.

## Other websites

- Town Council website

## Infobox (uk place)

- **static image name**: Appleby Market Square.jpg
- **static image caption**: Boroughgate
- **country**: England
- **official name**: Appleby-in-Westmorland
- **label position**: left
- **population**: 3,048
- **population ref**: _(2011)_
- **civil parish**: Appleby-in-Westmorland
- **shire district**: Eden, Cumbria, Eden
- **shire county**: Cumbria
- **region**: North West England
- **constituency westminster**: Penrith and The Border (UK Parliament constituency), Penrith and The Border
- **post town**: APPLEBY-IN-WESTMORLAND
- **postcode district**: CA16
- **postcode area**: CA
- **dial code**: 017683
- **os grid reference**: NY6820
- **website**: http://applebytown.org.uk/
Kendal

**Kendal** is a town near the M6 motorway in Cumbria, England.

## Other website

Kendal Town Council
Workington

**Workington** is a town in Allerdale, Cumbria, England. Workington is connected by the A66 road and the A596 road. In 2001 there were 24,295 people living in Workington.
Barrow-in-Furness

**Barrow-in-Furness** is a town in south Cumbria (England), connected by the A590 road. The old town and seaport form about half of the modern Borough of Barrow-in-Furness.

Before 1 April 1974, Barrow was in Lancashire.

## Other websites

- Borough of Barrow-in-Furness Council
Ulverston

**Ulverston** is a town on the A590 road, in Cumbria, England.
Hartlepool

**Hartlepool** is a town near the A689 road in County Durham, England.

## The Hartlepool monkey

There is a legend that during the Napoleonic Wars, a French ship was wrecked off the coast near Hartlepool. The captain's pet, a monkey, was washed ashore. The people from Hartlepool thought it was a person and tried to ask it questions. When they were unable to understand the monkey they assumed it was a French spy. A trial was held on the beach and the monkey was sentenced to death and hanged. This event is remembered in several songs. The local football team, Hartlepool United F.C., used to greeted with cries of "Who hung the monkey?". Their mascot is a monkey called "H'Angus the Monkey". The rugby football team, the Hartlepool Rovers, are known as the Monkeyhangers.
Haverhill

**Haverhill** is a town in St Edmundsbury, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 22,010 people living in Haverhill.
Knaresborough

**Knaresborough** is a town in North Yorkshire, England. It is east of Harrogate. In 2001 there were 14,761 people living in Knaresborough.

It was presumably unearthed near Farnham near where two key Roman routes ran: Cade's Road on the eastern side and Dere Street to the west, a major route to York and Hadrian's Wall. There were a number of rich Roman villas in the vicinity and the treasure may have come from one of these
Honiton

**Honiton** is a town in Devon, England, near the A30 road.
Dartmouth

**Dartmouth** is a town and civil parish on the A379 road, in South Hams, Devon, England. In 2001, there were 5,512 people living in Dartmouth. Dartmouth got its name from being at the mouth of the River Dart.
Tavistock

**Tavistock** is a town in Devon, England,  north of Plymouth. Tavistock is a market town in West Devon, England on the River Tavy. 11,018 people live there. It was in existence in the year 961, when the Abbey of Tavistock was founded by a rich Anglo-Saxon nobleman. The most famous person from Tavistock is Sir Francis Drake.

Tavistock is on the edge of Dartmoor, on the A386 road. In the centre of the town is Bedford Square, around which are St Eustachius's Church and the ruins of the Abbey, the Town Hall, and the Pannier Market buildings behind the Town Hall.
Choir (disambiguation)

**Choir** can refer to
- A number of people (an ensemble) singing, a choir
- Music written for such ensembles
- A part in the architecture of a church, usually where the altar is; a Choir (architecture)
- A number of people commenting the action, in Ancient Greek theatre, see Choir (theatre)
Ode

An **ode** is a type of lyric poem.  The word comes from the Ancient Greek.  An ode is a poem which is written in praise of something or someone, saying how wonderful they are.

Very often an ode will have the title "Ode to..." followed by the name of the thing or person that it describes, e.g. John Keats wrote a poem "Ode to a Nightingale".

Odes were written by the poets of Ancient Greece as well as by the Romans.  Horace was particularly famous for his odes, and many English odes written centuries later were based on Horace's lyrical verses.

## Poets who wrote odes

- John Keats
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge
- William Wordsworth
- Percy Bysshe Shelley
- Edmund Spenser
- Pablo Neruda
- Horace
- Ovid
- Sappho
Newton Abbot

**Newton Abbot** is a town near the A380 road, in Teignbridge, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 23,580 people living in Newton Abbot.
Hitchin

**Hitchin** is a town near the A1 road, in Hertfordshire, England. In 2011 approximately 33,350 people lived there.
Nutritionism

Food contains nutrients. The diet of a person is made of different kinds of food. **Nutritionism** is the idea that only the nutritients found in different foods determines their value for the diet. The value of a diet can be calculated by adding up the values of all nutritients of the individual food items. According to nutritionism, people only eat to stay healthy. In general, the term has a negative connotation.
Bodmin

**Bodmin** is a town on the A30 road, in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is in the centre of the county southwest of Bodmin Moor.

The neighbouring parishes are Cardinham, Lanhydrock, Lanivet and Helland.

In 2001 there were 12,881 people living in Bodmin.

In the Middle Ages Bodmin was one of the most important towns in Cornwall and the site of a monastery founded by Saint Petroc. The parish church of Bodmin was built in the 15th century and is the second largest church in the county after Truro Cathedral.
Battle of Polygon Wood

The **Battle of Polygon Wood** was a small battle that took place in World War I.
It happened during the second part of the Battle of Passchendaele. Most of the battle was fought in an area named Polygon Wood, near Ypres, Belgium.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Polygon Wood
- **partof**: the Battle of Passchendaele
- **image**: Australian infantry small box respirators Ypres 1917.jpg
- **caption**: Australian soldiers wearing gas masks
- **date**: September 26 – 27, 1917
- **place**: Polygon Wood, Flanders
- **result**: Allied victory
- **combatant1**:
 Australia
- **commander1**: Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer, Herbert Plumer
- **commander2**: Erich Ludendorff
- **strength1**: 7 British divisions
2 Australian divisions
- **strength2**: _Unknown_
- **casualties1**: **Australia:** 5,770
- **casualties2**: Unknown, but many.
Royston

**Royston** is a town near the A 505 road in North Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, England. In 2001 there were 14,570 people living in Royston. Royston is a very historic town as it has the meridian of time running through it. We also have the Roy stone. Royston was originally called Roysia but the arrival of the stone  lead to a change of the towns name. There is also a historic cave which is imagined to be a religious work as it has a lot of religious images around it. There are many schools in Royston including Roysia, Greneway and Meridian which are called Rsat (Royston Schools Academy Trust) These three schools are about to link together to become one.
Prosthesis

A **prosthesis** is a device made to replace a missing human body part. They are used by people who are missing body parts due to accidents, health problems (amputees) or being born without them. Originally, prostheses were simply pieces of wood (for example, wooden legs), but now they are made of lighter and stronger materials.

Currently available prostheses can help return mobility to those with **transtibial** (below the knee), **transfemoral** (above the knee), **transradial** (below the elbow), and **transhumeral** (above the elbow) amputations. There is still much research to be done before artificial limbs can function with the same versatility as a natural limb; as a result many of the currently available prosthetic limbs are tailored to a specific activity or need.

## In sports

In Para-alpine skiing, the device needs to be made to work like an ankle because the way the ankle moves is very important in skiing.  The device for skiing is only used in skiing.  People use other prostheses when they are not skiing.

Prosthetic arms can be designed for climbing as well. Private Jaco Van Gass, an amputee veteran, designed a special prosthetic arm with a built in ice pick that he would use to climb Mount Everest. It also includes a battery pack and heat patch to keep his stump warm.

Olympic sprinter Oscar Pistorius also had prostheses designs specifically for spot. He used carbon fiber running blades that, some argue, give an advantage over natural legs.

## Underlying Mechanisms

A traditional prosthetic limb consists of three main components: a socket, an attachment mechanism, and a control system.

The socket is the part of the prosthetic that attaches to the users natural body. A precise fit is extremely important to the function of the limb, so typically molds are taken of a patient’s residual limb to ensure the fit is ideal. If it does not fit correctly, the socket could cause severe tissue damage to the patient.

The attachment mechanism is a means of securely anchoring the limb in a way that is both comfortable and easy for the user to control. The attachment mechanism may work by tension (straps) or even merely by suction between the socket and the limb.

The control system varies greatly from limb to limb. Some are controlled entirely by the user’s motion; he or she learns to balance on it. In other cases, cables are pulled to cause a limb to bend in the desired direction.

Today, the most promising control system is the myoelectric signal. This technology is allowing for thought-controlled prosthetics to be developed.

## Other websites

__FORCETOC__
Saffron Walden

**Saffron Walden** is a town near the M11 motorway, in the Uttlesford district of Essex.

It is a market town  north of Bishop's Stortford,  south of Cambridge and  north of London.
It has a rural appearance and some buildings of the medieval period.

The population was 15,504 at the 2011 census.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **static image name**: St Marys Church, Saffron Walden.jpg
- **static image caption**: St Mary the Virgin, Saffron Walden
- **country**: England
- **official name**: Saffron Walden
- **population**: 15,504
- **population ref**: (2011)
- **shire district**: Uttlesford
- **shire county**: Essex
- **region**: East of England
- **constituency westminster**: Saffron Walden (UK Parliament constituency), Saffron Walden
- **post town**: SAFFRON WALDEN
- **postcode district**: CB10, CB11
- **postcode area**: CB
- **dial code**: 01799
- **os grid reference**: TL541387
Leiston

**Leiston** is a town near the A12 road, in Suffolk, England.

Along with the nearby hamlet of Sizewell, Leiston forms the Leiston-cum-Sizewell civil parish.
Southwold

**Southwold** is a town on the A1095 road, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is a seaside town and has beach huts.
Halesworth

**Halesworth** is a town on the A144 road, in Suffolk, England.

## Twin towns

Halesworth is twinned with both

- Bouchain and
- Eitorf.
Stowmarket

**Stowmarket** is a town near the A14 road, in Suffolk, England.

## Other websites

- Stowmarket Town Council
Thetford

**Thetford** is a town near the A11 road, in Breckland District, Norfolk, England.
Daventry

**Daventry** is a town on the A45 road, in the county of Northamptonshire, England.
Wellingborough

**Wellingborough** is a town in Northamptonshire, England. In 2001 there were 72,519 people living in the town. The town is near the A45 road.

Wellingborough is an Anglo-Saxon town. It and was settled in the sixth century by the Saxons. It was first known as _Wendeling burh_ - "the stronghold of Waendel's people".
Dormitory

A **dormitory**, also known as **dorm**, is a **residence hall** consisting of sleeping quarters or entire buildings primarily providing sleeping and residential quarters for large numbers of people, often in boarding. The term **dorm** can also refer to a multi occupancy bedroom where three or more people sleep.
Annie Edson Taylor

**Annie Edson Taylor** (October 24, 1838 – April 29, 1921) was an American school-teacher and adventurer.  She was the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel without dying.  She did this on her 63rd birthday, October 24, 1901.

## References

- _Women of Bay County_, Joan Totten Musinski Rezmer (ed.). Bay County Historical Society: Bay City, Michigan, 1980.
- _Queen of the Falls_, Chris Van Allsburg. Houghton Mifflin Books for Children.
Horse fly

A **horse fly** is a type of insect and a member of the family **Tabanidae** (order Diptera). More specifically they are any member of the genus _Tabanus_. These stout flies are as small as a housefly or as large as a bumblebee. Their metallic or iridescent eyes meet dorsally in the male and are separate in the female. Gad-fly, a nickname, may refer either to the fly’s roving habits or to its mouthparts, which resemble a wedge-shaped miner’s tool.

The bites of the female fly often carry parasites onto the victim (such as a horse). The resulting sore can be extremely distressing to the animal.
Beaconsfield

**Beaconsfield** is a town near the M40 motorway in Buckinghamshire, England. A new service station has opened on the motorway called Beaconsfield service station. It has a population of 12, 081 as of 2011.
Berkhamsted

**Berkhamsted** is a town and civil parish located near the A41 road in Dacorum, Hertfordshire, England. As of a 2001 census, the population of Berkhamsted was 16,498.
Bridport

**Bridport** is a town near the A35 road in Dorset, England.  It is near the coast at the western end of Chesil Beach.

In 2006 West Dorset district was named 10th best place to live in the UK. The town is twinned with Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, France.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Bridport
- **shire district**: West Dorset
- **shire county**: Dorset
- **country**: England
- **region**: South West England
- **population**: 12,977
- **os grid reference**: SY464925
- **map type**: Dorset
- **post town**: BRIDPORT
- **postcode area**: DT
- **postcode district**: DT6
- **dial code**: 01308
- **constituency westminster**: West Dorset (constituency), West Dorset
- **website**: http://www.bridportandwestbay.co.uk
- **static image**: Bridport Town Hall.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Bridport Town Hall</small>
- **static image 2 name**:
- **static image 2 caption**: Coat of arms of Bridport
Aspatria

**Aspatria** is a town near the A596 road, in Allerdale, Cumbria, England.
Keswick

**Keswick** is a town near the A66 road in Cumbria, England.
Thirsk

**Thirsk** is a town near the A1 road in North Yorkshire, England. There is a museum about James Herriot. There is a train station.
Bolton, Cumbria

**Bolton** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 416 people living in Bolton. It has a church called All Saints Church. It is three miles north of Appleby-in-Westmorland.
Tadcaster

**Tadcaster** is a town near the A64 road in North Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 6,039 people living in Tadcaster.
Redcar

**Redcar** is a town near Middlesbrough in North Yorkshire, England.
Whitehaven

**Whitehaven** is a town on the A595 road in Cumbria, England. Whitehaven was built on shipping and mining, but these have now declined.
Cockermouth

**Cockermouth** is a town near the A66 road in Cumbria, England, in the Borough of Allerdale. In 2011 there were 8,761 living in Cockermouth.

## Other website

Town Council website

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Cockermouth
- **population**: 8,761
- **population ref**: _(2011 census)_
- **civil parish**: Cockermouth
- **shire district**: Allerdale
- **shire county**: Cumbria
- **region**: North West England
- **constituency westminster**: Workington (UK Parliament constituency), Workington
- **post town**: COCKERMOUTH
- **postcode district**: CA13
- **postcode area**: CA
- **dial code**: 01900
- **os grid reference**: NY121304
- **static image name**: Cockermouth Church.jpg
- **static image caption**: All Saints Church
- **london distance**: 526km
Maryport

**Maryport** is a town on the A596 road in Allerdale, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 11,275 people living in Maryport.

The Romans built the fort Uxellodunum in Alauna (which is now called Maryport) around the year 122, to help defend the western end of Hadrian's Wall.
Louth

**Louth** is a town near the A16 road in Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 15,930 people living in Louth.
Skegness

**Skegness** is a town and civil parish on the A52 road and A158 road in East Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 18,910 people living in Skegness.

It is known for being bracing, which means that it often has high winds. This is due to its exposed position on the North Sea.

Skegness is known as the home of Butlins, a theme park.
Bungay

**Bungay** is a town on the A143 road in Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 4,895 people living in Bungay.
Okehampton

**Okehampton** is an old market town on Dartmoor near the A30 road in West Devon, England. In 2001, there were 5,846 people living in Okehampton. Okehampton is the ideal place to explore Dartmoor with the highest Tor on Dartmoor (Yes Tor) being a short distance from the town.

Heritage railway services were operated from Okehampton railway station until the line reopened for regular passenger service on 20th November 2021, serving Okehampton with a direct link to Exeter for onward travel. The station was formerly on the Southern Railway main line from Exeter to Padstow.
Launceston

**Launceston** is a town near the A30 road in Cornwall, England. In 2001, there were 7,135 people living in Launceston. The parish church is dedicated to St Mary Magdalen. Launceston was the former capital of Cornwall until it was replaced by Bodmin in 1835.

Launceston is just over one mile (1.6 km) west of the River Tamar which marks the border between Cornwall and Devon and is often referred to as the "gateway to Cornwall". The Norman ruler of Cornwall built a castle here which is now in ruins.
Wadebridge

**Wadebridge** is a town on the A39 road in Cornwall, England. In 2001 there were 6,351 people living in Wadebridge. The town is on the south side of the River Camel a few miles inland from the north coast of Cornwall. It is well known for the road bridge across the river which was built to replace the dangerous ford in the Middle Ages.

The showground for the Royal Cornwall Show is near Wadebridge.
Liskeard

**Liskeard** is a town near the A38 road in Cornwall, England. In 2001 there were 8,656 people living in Liskeard. The parish church is dedicated to St Martin and Liskeard railway station is on the railway line from Plymouth to Penzance.
Helston

**Helston** is a town on the A394 road in west Cornwall, England. In 2001 there were 9,780 people living in Helston. The annual Furry Dance (known outside Cornwall as the Flora Dance) is said to originate from the medieval period and is held on May 8th each year. Another traditional celebration, the Hal-an-Tow, is reputed to be of Celtic origin.
Falmouth

**Falmouth** is a civil parish in the South West England, in Cornwall, England.

It has an area of 6.395 km² and a population of 24,071 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Falmouth
- **settlement type**: Civil parishes in Cornwall, Civil parish
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **pushpin map**: United Kingdom#Cornwall
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of England, Region
- **subdivision name1**: South West England
- **subdivision type2**: Ceremonial counties of England, County
- **subdivision name2**: Cornwall
- **subdivision type3**: Districts of England, District
- **subdivision name3**: Cornwall Council, Cornwall
- **area total km2**: 6.395
- **population total**: 24,071
- **population as of**: March 21, 2021
- **population density km2**: 3,764
- **utc offset**: +00:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: E63007057
Deal, Kent

**Deal** is a town on the A258 road in Kent, England. In 2011, there were over 30,000 people living in Deal.

In 1989, 11 military bandsmen were killed when the PIRA bombed the Royal Marine Depot.
Atherstone

**Atherstone** is a town near the A5 road, in Warwickshire, England. In 2001, there were 8,338 people living in Atherstone.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Atherstone
- **population**: 8,700
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2011, 2011)
- **shire district**: North Warwickshire
- **shire county**: Warwickshire
- **region**: West Midlands
- **constituency westminster**: North Warwickshire (UK Parliament constituency), North Warwickshire
- **post town**: ATHERSTONE
- **postcode district**: CV9
- **postcode area**: CV
- **dial code**: 01827
- **os grid reference**: SP3098
- **static image**: Atherstone Market Square.jpg
- **static image caption**: Atherstone Market Square
- **website**: [http://www.atherstone-tc.gov.uk/ www.atherstone-tc.gov.uk]
Warwick

**Warwick** is a town near in Warwickshire, England. In 2011 there were 31,345 people living in Warwick. It is most famous for its castle and many of the buildings in the town centre are very old, some from the 11th century. A market is held each Saturday which has been going for hundreds of years. It also has a large and impressive church and a racecourse which is often seen on television. The town next to it is called Leamington Spa and the nearest city is Coventry. It has two train stations and is near a major motorway linking Birmingham and London.
Carnforth

**Carnforth** is a town near the M6 motorway in Lancashire, England. In 2001 there were 5,350 people living in Carnforth.
Ashburton

**Ashburton** is a town near the A38 road in Devon, England. In 2001 there were 3,909 people living in Ashburton.
Exmouth

**Exmouth**  is a town on the A376 road in Devon, England. In 2001, there were 32,972 people living in Exmouth.

## Sisters cities

- Dinan, France
- Langerwehe, Germany

## Infobox (uk place)

- **static image**: Exmouth from Dawlish Warren.jpg
- **static image caption**: Exmouth seafront
- **country**: England
- **official name**: Exmouth
- **population ref**: _(2012)_
- **population**: 32,563
- **civil parish**: Exmouth
- **shire district**: East Devon
- **shire county**: Devon
- **region**: South West England
- **constituency westminster**: East Devon (UK Parliament constituency), East Devon
- **post town**: EXMOUTH
- **postcode district**: EX8
- **postcode area**: EX
- **dial code**: 01395
- **os grid reference**: SY004809
South Molton

**South Molton** is a town near the A361 road in North Devon, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 4,093 people living in South Molton.
Newmarket, Suffolk

**Newmarket** is a market town and civil parish near the A14 road in Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 14,995 people living in Newmarket.
Swanley

**Swanley** is a town inside the M25 motorway in Kent, England. In 2001 there were 20,986 people living in Swanley.
Sevenoaks

**Sevenoaks** is a town near the M25 motorway in Kent, South East England. In 2001 there were 18,588 people living in Sevenoaks.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Sevenoaks
- **population**: 18,588
- **population ref**: (Built up area: c. 28,000)
- **shire district**: Sevenoaks District, Sevenoaks
- **shire county**: Kent
- **region**: South East England
- **constituency westminster**: Sevenoaks (UK Parliament constituency), Sevenoaks
- **post town**: SEVENOAKS
- **postcode area**: TN
- **postcode district**: TN13, TN14, TN15
- **dial code**: 01732
- **os grid reference**: TQ525555
Needham Market

**Needham Market** is a town and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 4,495 people living in Needham Market. The town is near the A14 road.
Wymondham

**Wymondham** is a town near the A11 road and Norwich in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 12,539 people living in Wymondham.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Wymondham
- **country**: England
- **region**: East of England
- **static image name**: cmglee_Wymondham_Market_Place.jpg
- **static image caption**: Wymondham Market Place in September 2017
- **shire county**: Norfolk
- **shire district**: South Norfolk
- **constituency westminster**: Mid Norfolk (UK Parliament constituency), Mid Norfolk
- **population**: 14,405
- **population ref**: (2011 census)
- **area total km2**: 44.31
- **os grid reference**: TG1101
- **post town**: WYMONDHAM
- **postcode area**: NR
- **postcode district**: NR18
- **dial code**: 01953
Biggleswade

**Biggleswade** is a town and civil parish near the A1 road in Bedfordshire, England. In 2012 there were 15,383 people living in Biggleswade. There is a train station that goes to London. The local upper school is called Stratton Upper School. Other famous people that have lived in Biggleswade are Pam Rhodes and Dan Albone. The town has lots of Cafés and Hair Dressers. Biggleswade has a parish church and the other churches are in Biggleswade Churches Together. Biggleswade has a radio station, Biggles FM.
Blandford Forum

**Blandford Forum** is a historic Georgian town in Dorset, England. In 2001 there were 8,745 people living in Blandford Forum.  There is a church in the centre of the town. It is on the River Stour.

There are three Primary Schools:  Archbishiopwake Primary School, Milldown Primary and Blandford St Mary.  There is also a Secondary School called The Blandford School.

## Town Centre

There is a large well known brewery Hall and Woodhouse who also own the Crown Hotel.

## Facilities

There is a leisure centre which has a 25m pool and children's water slide.  A sauna and steam room are next to the pool.  There is also a fully equipped gym and a cafe.

## Events

The famous annual Steam Fair is held nearby in Tarrant Hinton. and Blandford Forum is host to the rock festival every year, called Teddy Rocks which is charitable event to raise money for cancer awareness.

Annually there is a Georgian Fayre in the town centre and also a Yuletide Festival.  The Blandford Carnival is well known celebration of the local community.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Blandford Forum
- **country**: England
- **region**: South West England
- **static image**: Blandford_Forum.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Blandford town centre</small>
- **population**: 8,760
- **os grid reference**: ST886069
- **post town**: BLANDFORD FORUM
- **postcode area**: DT
- **postcode district**: DT11
- **dial code**: 01258
- **constituency westminster**: North Dorset (UK Parliament constituency), North Dorset
- **civil parish**: Blandford Forum
- **shire district**: North Dorset
- **shire county**: Dorset
Dorchester

**Dorchester** is the county town of Dorset, England. In 2001 there were 16,171 people living in Dorchester.
Hornsea

**Hornsea** is a town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 8,243 people living in Hornsea.
Bracknell

**Bracknell** is a town in Berkshire, England. In 2001 there were 50,131 people living in Bracknell.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Bracknell
- **civil parish**: Bracknell
- **shire district**: Bracknell Forest
- **shire county**: Berkshire
- **region**: South East England
- **static image name**: Zentrum02 bracknell GB.jpg
- **static image width**: 240px
- **static image caption**: Bracknell Town Centre
- **population**: 52,696
- **population ref**: _(2011)_
- **constituency westminster**: Bracknell (UK Parliament constituency), Bracknell
- **post town**: BRACKNELL
- **postcode district**: RG12, RG42
- **postcode area**: RG
- **dial code**: 01344
- **os grid reference**: SU870693
Skipton

**Skipton** is a town in North Yorkshire, England. In 2001, 14,313 people lived in Skipton.
Grange-over-Sands

**Grange-over-Sands** is a town in Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 4,042 people living in Grange-over-Sands. It is located near the A590 road.
Aylsham

**Aylsham** is a town near the A140 road in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 3,884 people living in Aylsham.
Maghull

**Maghull** is a town near the M58 motorway in Merseyside, England. In 2001 there were 22,225 people living in Maghull.