juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed

**Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed** () (born 1 July 1952) is a Djiboutian politician. He became the Prime Minister of Djibouti in April 2013. He originates from the Warsangeli clan located in Somalia.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed

- **office**: List of heads of government of Djibouti, Prime Minister of Djibouti
- **president**: Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
- **term start**: 1 April 2013
- **image**: Djiboutian PM Mohamed at the MOD 2019 (1) (cropped).jpg
- **predecessor**: Dileita Mohamed Dileita
- **birth place**: Obock Region, Souali, Djibouti
- **party**: People's Rally for Progress
- **alma mater**: University of Limoges
The Beautiful South

**The Beautiful South** were an English pop band. They were started in Hull in 1988 by Paul Heaton and Dave Hemingway. Heaton and Hemingway had been members of The Housemartins. The Beautiful South released their first album in 1989. The first single "Song for Whoever" reached number two in the UK Singles Chart. In 2007 they broke up. In 2008 Dave Hemingway, Dave Stead, and Alison Wheeler started The New Beautiful South. In 2010 they changed their name to The South.

## Albums

- _Welcome to the Beautiful South_ (1989)
- _Choke_ (1990)
- _0898 Beautiful South_ (1992)
- _Miaow_ (1994)
- _Blue Is the Colour_ (1996)
- _Quench_ (1998)
- _Painting It Red_ (2000)
- _Gaze_ (2003)
- _Golddiggas, Headnodders and Pholk Songs_ (2004)
- _Superbi_ (2006)
Eliud Williams

**Eliud Thaddeus Williams** (born 21 August 1948) is a Dominican politician. He became the seventh President of Dominica from 2012 to 2013.

## Other websites

- Official site of the President's Office, Commonwealth of Dominica

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Eliud Williams
- **office**: List of Presidents of Dominica, President of Dominica
- **primeminister**: Roosevelt Skerrit
- **term start**: 17 September 2012
- **term end**: 2 October 2013
- **predecessor**: Nicholas Liverpool
- **successor**: Charles Savarin
- **party**: Dominica Labour Party
- **alma mater**: University of the West Indies
Charles Savarin

**Charles Angelo Savarin** (born 1943) is a Dominican politician. He became the eighth President of Dominica in October 2013. He served as President until October 2023.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Charles Savarin
- **image**: Savarin entering (cropped).jpg
- **office**: List of presidents of Dominica, President of Dominica
- **primeminister**: Roosevelt Skerrit
- **term start**: 2 October 2013
- **term end**: 2 October 2023
- **predecessor**: Eliud Williams
- **successor**: Sylvanie Burton
- **birth place**: Portsmouth, British Leeward Islands
- **party**: Dominica Labour Party
- **alma mater**: Ruskin College
Raúl De Molina

**Raúl "El Gordo" De Molina** (born 29 March 1959 in Cuba) is an Cuban television personality. He works with Univision Network. He hosts many positive rated Latin entertainment shows such as the news show _El Gordo y la Flaca_. He has won many Emmy Awards.

## Other websites

- Raúl De Molina page  at Univisión.com
- Página de Raúl at Univisión.com
- Facebook

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Raúl De Molina
- **image**: Raúl De Molina.jpg
- **alt**: Raúl De Molina
- **birth place**: Havana, Cuba
- **birth name**: Raúl De Molina
Kim Deal

**Kimberley Ann Deal** (born June 10, 1961) is an American musician. Deal is best known for being the bassist of Pixies. She is also a singer. In 2013, Deal was told by the Pixies' manager to leave the band. Deal is also known for her band The Breeders.

## Early life

Deal was born in Dayton, Ohio. She has an identical twin called Kelley. The sisters went to Wayne High School.

## Pixies

In January 1986 Deal became the bassist of Pixies. Pixies released their first album _Come on Pilgrim_ in 1987 on 4ad. In 1988 they released their second album _Surfer Rosa_.

## The Breeders

Deal started The Breeders in 1990 with Tanya Donelly. Their first album _Pod_ was released by 4AD in 1990. It reached number 22 in the UK Albums Chart.

It was reported Deal left the Pixies in March 2014.
Kelis

**Kelis Rogers** (born August 21, 1979), better known as **Kelis**, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, musician, chef and model. Her most well-known songs is "Milkshake", "Bossy", Midnight Snacks" and "Feed Them". It was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Urban/Alternative Performance.  Kelis current age is 46

## Early life

Kelis was born and raised in Harlem, Manhattan. Her father was an African American jazz musician. Her mother is Puerto Rican and Chinese. She went to a private school called Manhattan Country School. When she was sixteen Kelis left home.

## Career

Kelis released her first album _Kaleidoscope_ on December 7, 1999. Her second album _Wonderland_ was released in October 2001. Kelis released her most successful album so far, _Tasty_, in December 2003. The first single from the album, "Milkshake", reached number three in the _Billboard_ Hot 100. In 2006 _Kelis Was Here_ was released. _Flesh Tone_ was released in 2010. In 2014 she released the album "Food".

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kelis
- **image**: Kelis Krakow (5479319848).jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Kelis Rogers
- **birth place**: New York City, United States
- **years active**: 1997–present
- **website**: [http://www.iamkelis.com/ www.iamkelis.com]
Mateo Kovačić

**Mateo Kovačić** (born 6 May 1994) is a Croatian football player. He plays for Manchester city FC and the Croatian national team as a midfielder.

Kovačić began his professional career with Dinamo Zagreb at the age of 16, with whom he won two consecutive league titles, before joining Inter in 2013. After the 2014–15 season, he moved to Real Madrid, where he won his first Champions League with the squad in 2016. A full Croatian international since 2013, Kovačić represented the nation at the 2014 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2016. He is nicknamed _Il Professore (The Professor)._

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Mateo Kovačić
- **image**: Mateo Kovačić 2017 (cropped).jpg
- **image size**: 180px
- **caption**: Mateo Kovačić in 2017
- **birth place**: Linz, Austria
- **position**: Midfielder#Central midfielder, Midfielder
- **currentclub**: F.C. Internazionale Milano, Internazionale
- **clubnumber**: 10
- **youthyears1**: 2000–2007
- **youthclubs1**: LASK Linz
- **youthyears2**: 2007–2010
- **youthclubs2**: N.K. Dinamo Zagreb, Dinamo Zagreb
- **years1**: 2010–2013
- **clubs1**: N.K. Dinamo Zagreb, Dinamo Zagreb
- **caps1**: 43
- **goals1**: 7
- **years2**: 2013–
- **clubs2**: F.C. Internazionale Milano, Internazionale
- **caps2**: 27
- **goals2**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2008
- **nationalteam1**: Croatia U14
- **nationalcaps1**: 2
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
- **nationalyears2**: 2008
- **nationalteam2**: Croatia U15
- **nationalcaps2**: 2
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **nationalyears3**: 2009–2011
- **nationalteam3**: Croatia national under-17 football team, Croatia U17
- **nationalcaps3**: 15
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
- **nationalyears4**: 2011–
- **nationalteam4**: Croatia national under-19 football team, Croatia U19
- **nationalcaps4**: 2
- **nationalgoals4**: 0
- **nationalyears5**: 2011–
- **nationalteam5**: Croatia national under-21 football team, Croatia U21
- **nationalcaps5**: 4
- **nationalgoals5**: 0
- **nationalyears6**: 2013–
- **nationalteam6**: Croatia national football team, Croatia
- **nationalcaps6**: 7
- **nationalgoals6**: 0
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy

**"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy"** is a proverb. It means that if a person does not take time off from work, they will become both bored and boring.

The saying in its current form first appeared in James Howell's _Proverbs in English, Italian, French and Spanish_ (1659). Some writers have added a second part to the saying, such as Maria Edgeworth in her book _Harry and Lucy Concluded_ (1825):
St Anne's College, Oxford

**St. Anne's College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1879 as "The Association for the Education for Women". It was the first institution in Oxford for the education of female students. In 1942, it was renamed as the St. Anne Society. In 1952, it received a Royal Charter as a college, for female students only.
Roosevelt Skerrit

**Roosevelt Skerrit** (born 8 June 1972) is a Dominican politician. He became Prime Minister of Dominica in January 2004.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Roosevelt Skerrit
- **image**: Swearing in of His Excellency Charles A Savarin, DAH, President of the Commonwealth of Dominica (31312241638).jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Dominica
- **president**: Nicholas Liverpool
Eliud Williams
Charles Savarin
Sylvanie Burton
- **term start**: 8 January 2004
- **predecessor**: Osborne Riviere
- **constituency mp1**: Vieille Case
- **term start1**: 31 January 2000
- **predecessor1**: Vernice Bellony
- **birth place**: Roseau, Dominica
- **party**: Dominica Labour Party
- **alma mater**: New Mexico State University, New Mexico State University,
Las Cruces
University of Mississippi, University of Mississippi,
Oxford
- **website**: [http://www.rooseveltskerrit.org Official website]
Taur Matan Ruak

**Taur Matan Rauk** (born **José Maria Vasconcelos**; October 10, 1956) is a East Timorese politician. He became President of East Timor in May 2012. In June 2018, he became the 7th Prime Minister of East Timor.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Taur Matan Ruak
- **honorific suffix**: Order of Prince Henry, GColIH
- **image**: Prime Minister of Timor-Leste Taur Matan Ruak.jpg
- **office**: 7th Prime Minister of East Timor
- **president**: Francisco Guterres
José Ramos-Horta
- **term start**: 22 June 2018
- **term end**: 1 July 2023
- **predecessor**: Mari Alkatiri
- **successor**: Xanana Gusmão
- **office2**: 5th President of East Timor
- **primeminister2**: Xanana Gusmão
Rui Maria de Araújo
- **term start2**: 20 May 2012
- **term end2**: 20 May 2017
- **predecessor2**: José Ramos-Horta
- **successor2**: Francisco Guterres
- **birth place**: Baguia Administrative Post, Baguia, Portuguese Timor
- **party**: People's Liberation Party (East Timor), People's Liberation Party
- **otherparty**: Independent politician, Independent
- **spouse**: Isabel da Costa Ferreira
- **signature**: Taur Matan Ruak signature.jpg
- **serviceyears**: 1975–2011
- **rank**: Major general, Major General
- **commands**: Ponta Leste Sector
Falintil
Timor Leste Defence Force
- **battles**: Indonesian occupation of East Timor
Xanana Gusmão

**Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão** (, born **José Alexandre Gusmão**, , on 20 June 1946) is an East Timorese politician, who is serving as the Prime Minister of East Timor since 2023, previously served in that position from 2007 to 2015. He was the first President of East Timor. He served as President from May 2002 to May 2007.

## Other websites

- Official biography

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Xanana Gusmão
- **image**: PM Kishida meeting with PM Gusmão of Timor-Leste (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Gusmão in December 2023
- **office**: Prime Minister of East Timor
- **president**: José Ramos-Horta
- **term start**: 1 July 2023
- **predecessor**: Taur Matan Ruak
- **president1**: José Ramos-Horta
Taur Matan Ruak
- **term start1**: 8 August 2007
- **term end1**: 16 February 2015
- **predecessor1**: Estanislau da Silva
- **successor1**: Rui Maria de Araújo
- **office2**: President of East Timor
- **primeminister2**: Mari Alkatiri
José Ramos-Horta
Estanislau da Silva
- **term start2**: 20 May 2002
- **term end2**: 20 May 2007
- **predecessor2**: Position established
- **successor2**: José Ramos-Horta
- **birth name**: José Alexandre Gusmão
- **birth place**: Manatuto, Portuguese Timor
<small>(now East Timor)</small>
- **party**: National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction
- **spouse**: Emilia Batista <small>(1965–2000)</small>
Kirsty Sword Gusmão, Kirsty Sword <small>(2000–2015)</small>
- **signature**: Xanana Gusmão signature.svg
José Ramos-Horta

**José Manuel Ramos-Horta** GCL AC (; born 26 December 1949) is an East Timorese politician and 1996 Nobel Peace Prize winner. Ramos-Horta is the President of East Timor since 2022.  He was president before from 20 May 2007 to 20 May 2012. He was the United Nations' special Representative and Head of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS).

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: José Ramos-Horta
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of Liberty, GCL Honorary Companion of the Order of Australia, AC
- **image**: Portrait of Jose Ramos-Horta.jpg
- **office1**: 4th and 7th President of East Timor
- **term start1**: 20 May 2022
- **primeminister1**: Taur Matan Ruak
Xanana Gusmão
- **predecessor1**: Francisco Guterres
- **term start2**: 20 May 2007
- **term end2**: 20 May 2012
- **primeminister2**: Estanislau da Silva
Xanana Gusmão
- **predecessor2**: Xanana Gusmão
- **successor2**: Taur Matan Ruak
- **office3**: 3rd Prime Minister of East Timor
- **term start3**: 26 June 2006
- **term end3**: 19 May 2007
- **president3**: Xanana Gusmão
- **predecessor3**: Mari Alkatiri
- **successor3**: Estanislau da Silva
- **birth name**: José Manuel Ramos-Horta
- **birth place**: Dili, Portuguese Timor
<small>(now East Timor)</small>
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
- **spouse**: :en:Ana Pessoa Pinto, Ana Pessoa Pinto <small>(Divorced)</small>
- **children**: Loro Ramos-Horta
- **alma mater**: Hague Academy of International Law
Antioch College
International Institute of Human Rights
Columbia University
Hazem El Beblawi

**Hazem Abdel Aziz El Beblawi** (born 17 October 1936) is an Egyptian politician. He became the interim Prime Minister of Egypt in July 2013 after the 2013 Egypt protest which caused Mohamed Morsi out of office. On 25 February 2014, he announced his resignation.

## Other websites

- Egyptian State Information Service CV

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Hazem El Beblawi

- **image**: Hazem Beblawy.jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Egypt
- **status**: Interim
- **president**: Adly Mansour
- **term start**: 16 July 2013
- **term end**: 1 March 2014
- **predecessor**: Hesham Qandil
- **successor**: Ibrahim Mahlab
- **office1**: Deputy Prime Minister of Egypt
- **term start1**: 17 July 2011
- **term end1**: 1 December 2011
- **primeminister1**: Essam Sharaf
- **predecessor1**: Samir Radwan
- **successor1**: Momtaz El-Saeed
- **office2**: Ministry of Finance (Egypt), Minister of Finance
- **primeminister2**: Essam Sharaf
- **term start2**: 17 July 2011
- **term end2**: 1 December 2011
- **predecessor2**: Samir Radwan
- **successor2**: Momtaz El-Saeed, Momtaz Saeed
- **birthname**: Hazem Abdel Aziz Al Beblawi
- **birth place**: Cairo, Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
- **otherparty**: Egyptian Social Democratic Party
- **alma mater**: Cairo University
Université de Grenoble
Pantheon-Sorbonne University
- **website**: [http://hazembeblawi.com/ Official website]
Pope Leo VII

**Pope Leo VII** (??? − 13 July 939) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 3 January 936 until he died on 13 July 939.

He called for Odo of Cluny to mediate between Alberic II of Spoleto and Hugh of Italy. Odo successfully negotiated a truce after he arranged a marriage between Hugh's daughter Alda and Alberic. He was appointed Frederick, Archbishop of Mainz as a reformer in Germany. He allowed Frederick to drive out Jews that had refused to be baptized  but he also did not endorse the forced baptism of Jews. He died on 13 July 939. After he died, he was interred into St. Peter's Basilica.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: Pope
- **name**: Leo VII
- **image**: Pope Leo VII.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **term start**: 3 January 936
- **term end**: 13 July 939
- **predecessor**: Pope John XI, John XI
- **successor**: Pope Stephen VIII, Stephen VIII
- **birth date**: ???
- **death date**: 13 July 939
Ronan Tynan

**Ronan Tynan** (born 14 May 1960) is an Irish singer. Tynan was known for singing _Amazing Grace_ at the funeral of President of the United States Ronald Reagan. He is also known for participating in the 1984 and 1988 Summer Paralympics.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ronan Tynan
- **image**: Ronan Tynan 071222-F-3431H-032.JPEG
- **caption**: Tynan performs at a United Service Organizations, USO show at Aviano Air Base, Italy, December 2007
- **image size**: 250 px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Ronan Tynan
- **origin**: County Kilkenny, Ireland
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **genre**: Classical music, Classical
- **occupation**: Tenor
<small>(physician by trade)</small>
- **years active**: 1984–present
- **associated acts**: The Irish Tenors
- **website**: [http://www.ronantynan.net Ronan Tynan]
Mike Dunleavy Jr.

**Michael Joseph "Mike" Dunleavy, Jr.** (born September 15, 1980 in Fort Worth, Texas) is an American professional basketball player. He played for the Golden State Warriors from 2002 2007. In 2013, he joined the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is currently the general manager for the Golden State Warriors.
Mauricio Funes

**Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena** (18 October 1959 – 21 January 2025) was a Salvadoran politician. He was the President of El Salvador from 2009 to 2014. He won the 2009 elections as the candidate of the left-wing Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) political party.

After his presidency, he lived in exile in Nicaragua from 2016 until his death because he was accused of criminal actions during his presidency. In July 2023, he was placed under sanctions by the U.S. State Department following his conviction in absentia for negotiations related to the gang truces he made while in office, illicit enrichment, and tax evasion.

Funes died from problems caused by a heart attack in Managua, Nicaragua, on 21 January 2025, at the age of 65.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mauricio Funes
- **image**: Mauricio Funes (Brasilia, May 2008).jpg
- **office**: President of El Salvador
- **vicepresident**: Salvador Sánchez Cerén
- **term start**: 1 June 2009
- **term end**: 1 June 2014
- **predecessor**: Antonio Saca
- **successor**: Salvador Sánchez Cerén
- **birth place**: San Salvador, El Salvador
- **death place**: Managua, Nicaragua
- **party**: Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
- **spouse**: Vanda Pignato
- **profession**: Journalist
- **alma mater**: Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas", Jose Simeon Cañas Central American University
Vicente Ehate Tomi

**Vicente Ehate Tomi** (born 1968) is an Equatoguinean politician. He became Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea on May 21, 2012.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Vicente Ehate Tomi
- **order**: List of heads of government of Equatorial Guinea, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea
- **president**: Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
- **term start**: 21 May 2012
- **term end**: 23 June 2016
- **predecessor**: Ignacio Milam Tang
- **successor**: Francisco Pascual Obama Asue
- **party**: Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea, PDGE
Korean paper

***Hanji*** (Korean paper) is the Korean traditional paper. _Hanji_ literally means “paper of Korea”. _"Han"_ stands for "Korea," and _"ji"_ means "paper."

## History

_Hanji_’s history goes back to 4th century. Koreans started making it after papermaking technique came to Korea from China with Buddhism. After since, Korean paper came to be known as the highest quality paper available in East Asia. During Goryeo period, _hanji_ flourished with the development of printing technique in Korea. Its best days continued throughout Joseon Dynasty. However, it did not last forever. Western’s mass production of paper and Japanese’s oppression on Korean traditional cultures ended golden ages of _hanji_.  Nowadays, Korean paper is considered as a tradition worth preserving and spreading. More people are interested in arts and crafts of _hanji_, and there it has become the part of the tourism for foreigners, too.

## Characteristic

_Hanji_ is made out of inner bark of mulberry, a tree native to Korea. The inner bark of the mulberry is so strong and durable that it does not decay in water up to a year. Korean paper’s durability comes from this tree. The life span of Korean paper is 1,000 years. For example, _Mugujeonggwang Daedaranigyeong,_8th_century_woodblock_print_-_Korean_Culture_Museum,_Incheon_Airport,_Seoul,_South_Korea_-_DSC00801.JPG),_ the world's oldest woodblock print was created in 751. Also, thanks to its durability, Koreans even used it as body armor in war. 1 year old trees are used to make the high-quality _hanji_, and older trees are used for cheaper modern papers.

## Usage

There are several kinds of mulberry trees in Korea. They grow in different climate conditions. Each kind of mulberry tree produces different kinds of hanji, and they are all used in a different way. There are various kinds of Korean paper, and they are named after their usage. _Changhoji_, for instance, is a kind of Korean paper. _Changhoji_ means window paper. Koreans used to glue _changhoji_ on a door because it allows both air and light through it, thanks to its wide fiber. There are other kinds of _hanji_ as well. When Korean paper is used as a copy paper, it is called _bogsaji_. It is used as paper for family registry book or Buddhist scriptures. When the Four Gracious Plants (plum, orchid, chrysanthemum and bamboo) or birds are drawn on _hanji_, it is called _hwasunji_, the drawing paper. Nowadays, Korean paper is used for arts and crafts.
Isaias Afwerki

**Isaias Afwerki** (Tigrinya: Isaias Afwerki (Tigrinya: ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ; born February 2, 1946) is an Eritrean politician. Isaias became the first (and only) President of Eritrea in 1993.

## Political Career

After being elected president of Eritrea, in 1992, Isaias had a referendum on if Eritrea should become independent from Ethiopia and made it a law that everyone had to vote. Witnesses didn’t vote because it’s against their religion so Isaias had them arrested.

In 2010, Isaias said the next elections would be in “three or four decades” or “maybe more.”

## Other websites

- Official website of the Ministry of Information of Eritrea
- Current and update on Eritrea
- Isaias Afewerki's Biography With Rare Photos of His early Childhood
- New Internationalist feature on Isaias Afewerki
- Afewerki is a longtime fixture on Parade Magazine's annual list "The World's Worst Dictators"

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Isaias Afwerki
- **image**: Isaias Afwerki (2023-05-31).jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Eritrea, President of Eritrea
- **term start**: 27 April 1991
- **predecessor**: Position established
- **office1**: President of the National Assembly of Eritrea, National Assembly
- **term start1**: 24 May 1993
- **predecessor1**: Tedla Bairu
- **office2**: Leader of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice
- **term start2**: 15 June 1994
- **predecessor2**: Position established
- **office3**: Leader of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front
- **term start3**: 4 October 1978
- **term end3**: 15 June 1994
- **predecessor3**: Romodan Mohammed Nur
- **successor3**: Sebhat Ephrem
- **birth place**: Asmara, Eritrea
- **signature**: Isaias Afwerki's Signature.svg
- **party**: People's Front for Democracy and Justice
- **spouse**: Saba Haile
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: Addis Ababa University
Switchfoot

**Switchfoot** is an American alternative rock band from San Diego, California.

Switchfoot was formed in 1996 by lead singer Jon Foreman, his brother Tim and Chad Butler. They originally named the band **Chin Up**. The band was signed to Re:think Records by Charlie Peacock.

The band released their debut album _The Legend of Chin_ on June 17, 1997. Their second studio album _New Way to Be Human_ was released on March 11, 1999. Their third album _Learning to Breathe_ was released on September 26, 2000 and received a Grammy nomination in 2001 for _Best Rock Gospel Album_. On February 25, 2003, they released their third album _The Beautiful Letdown_. _Nothing Is Sound_ was released on September 13, 2005 and _Oh! Gravity._ was released on December 26, 2006 in North America and January 1, 2007 in the United Kingdom. Their newest album _Vice Verses_ was released on September 27, 2011.

They are currently working on their ninth studio album _Fading West_ which is scheduled to be released on January 14, 2014. The album is also accompanied with a documentary of the same name by the band. The movie was shown during the first concert they performed of their Fading West Tour, and it was released digitally on December 10, 2013.

## Band members

- Current
- Jon Foreman – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1996–present)
- Tim Foreman – bass (1996–present)
- Chad Butler – drums (1996–present)
- Jerome Fontamillas – rhythm guitar, keyboard (2003–present)
- Drew Shirley – lead guitar (2005–present)

### Albums

- _The Legend of Chin_ (1997)
- _New Way to Be Human_ (1999)
- _Learning to Breathe_ (2000)
- _The Beautiful Letdown_ (2003)
- _Nothing Is Sound_ (2005)
- _Oh! Gravity._ (2006)
- _Hello Hurricane_ (2009)
- _Vice Verses_ (2011)
- _Fading West_ (2014)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Switchfoot
- **img**: Chad Butler and Jon Forman.jpg
- **img capt**: Switchfoot performing in Vancouver, British Columbia on April 29, 2006
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: San Diego, California, San Diego, California, United States
- **genre**: Alternative rock, post-grunge, hard rock, Christian rock
- **years active**: 1996-_present_
- **label**: Rethink (record label), Rethink, Columbia Records, Columbia, Sony BMG, Lowercase people records, lowercase people, Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **url**: [http://www.switchfoot.com/ Official website]
- **current members**: Jon Foreman
Tim Foreman
Chad Butler
Jerome Fontamillas
Drew Shirley
Luis Liberman

**Luis Liberman Ginsburg** (born 1 August 1947) is a Costa Rican businessperson and politician. He became the Second Vice President of Costa Rica in 2010. He was elected in February 2010 on the ticket with President Laura Chinchilla and First Vice President Alfio Piva.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Luis Liberman Ginsburg
- **image**: File:Luis Liberman.jpg
- **birth place**: San José, Costa Rica
- **nationality**: Costa Rican
- **party**: National Liberation Party (Costa Rica), National Liberation Party
- **occupation**: Business
- **office**: Vice President of Costa Rica, Second Vice President of Costa Rica
- **term start**: 8 May 2010
- **term end**: 8 May 2014
- **president**: Laura Chinchilla
- **predecessor**: Kevin Casas Zamora
- **successor**: Ana Helena Chacón Echeverría
Andrus Ansip

**Andrus Ansip** (born 1 October 1956) is an Estonian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 2005 to 2014. He is chairman of the market liberal Estonian Reform Party ().

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Andrus Ansip
- **image**: Balticfreedom 1c558 6405.Andrus Ansip.jpg
- **order**: Prime Minister of Estonia
- **term start**: 12 April 2005
- **term end**: 26 March 2014
- **president**: Arnold Rüütel
Toomas Hendrik Ilves
- **predecessor**: Juhan Parts
- **successor**: Taavi Rõivas
- **office2**: Estonian Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications, Minister of Economics
- **term start2**: 13 September  2004
- **term end2**: 13 April 2005
- **predecessor2**: Meelis Atonen
- **successor2**: Edgar Savisaar
- **office3**: Mayor of Tartu
- **term start3**: 10 September 1998
- **term end3**: 23 September 2004
- **predecessor3**: Roman Mugur
- **successor3**: Laine Jänes
- **birth place**: Tartu, Estonia
- **party**: Estonian Reform Party, Reform Party <small>(1994–present)</small>
- **otherparty**: Communist Party of Estonia, Communist Party <small>(Before 1991)</small>
- **alma mater**: University of Tartu
- **spouse**: Anu Ansip
Hailemariam Desalegn

**Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe** () (born 19 July 1965) is an Ethiopian politician. He became Prime Minister of Ethiopia in July 2012 after the death of then-Prime Minister Meles Zenawi. He resigned on 15 February 2018 after mass protests and civil unrest.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Hailemariam Desalegn

- **office**: 15th Prime Minister of Ethiopia
- **image**: Hailemariam Desalegn - Closing Plenary- Africa's Next Chapter - World Economic Forum on Africa 2011.jpg
- **predecessor**: Meles Zenawi
- **president**: Girma Wolde-Giorgis
Mulatu Teshome
- **successor**: Abiy Ahmed
- **office2**: Chairperson of the African Union
- **predecessor2**: Yayi Boni
- **successor2**: Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz
- **party**: Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement
- **deputy1**: Demeke Mekonnen
- **office1**: 2nd Chairman of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, EPRDF
- **predecessor1**: Meles Zenawi
- **successor1**: Abiy Ahmed
- **birth place**: Boloso Sore, Ethiopian Empire, Ethiopia
- **otherparty**: Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
- **spouse**: Roman Tesfaye
- **alma mater**: Addis Ababa University
Arba Minch University
Tampere University of Technology
Azusa Pacific University
- **term start**: 20 August 2012
- **term end**: 15 February 2018
- **term start1**: 16 September 2012
- **term end1**: 15 February 2018
- **term start2**: 27 January 2013
- **term end2**: 30 January 2014
- **office3**: Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia
- **primeminister3**: Meles Zenawi
- **term start3**: 1 September 2010
- **term end3**: 21 September 2012
- **predecessor3**: Addisu Legese
- **successor3**: Demeke Mekonnen
Debretsion Gebremichael
Muktar Kedir
- **office4**: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ethiopia), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **primeminister4**: Meles Zenawi
- **term start4**: 1 September 2010
- **term end4**: 21 September 2012
- **predecessor4**: Seyoum Mesfin
- **successor4**: Tedros Adhanom
- **office5**: President of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region
- **term start5**: 12 November 2001
- **term end5**: March 2006
- **predecessor5**: Abate Kisho
- **successor5**: Shiferaw Shigute
Epeli Nailatikau

Brigadier General **Ratu Epeli Nailatikau**, CF, LVO, OBE, MSD, KStJ, (born 5 July 1941) is a Fijian chief and politician. He became the President of Fiji on 5 November 2009. He left office in 2015. In 2019, he became the 2nd Speaker of the Parliament.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Ratu Epeli Nailatikau
- **honorific-suffix**: Fijian honours system, CF Royal Victorian Order, LVO Order of the British Empire, OBE Fijian honours system, MSD Venerable Order of Saint John, KSTJ
- **image**: Epeli Nailatikau 2012.jpg
- **office**: 2nd Parliament of Fiji, Speaker of the Parliament
- **term start**: 11 February 2019
- **term end**: 24 December 2022
- **primeminister**: Frank Bainimarama
- **predecessor**: Jiko Luveni
- **successor**: Naiqama Lalabalavu
- **office1**: 4th President of Fiji
- **primeminister1**: Frank Bainimarama
- **term start1**: 30 July 2009
- **term end1**: 12 November 2015

- **predecessor1**: Josefa Iloilo
- **successor1**: George Konrote
- **birth place**: Suva, Fiji
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **spouse**: Koila Nailatikau, Adi Koila Mara
- **children**: 2
Frank Bainimarama

Commodore **Josaia Voreqe Bainimarama**, CF, MSD, OStJ, Fijian Navy, known commonly as **Frank Bainimarama** and sometimes by the chiefly title _Ratu_ (born 27 April 1954) is a Fijian naval officer and politician. He became the Prime Minister of Fiji in January 2007, and remained in office until December 2022.

## Other websites

- Republic of Fiji Military Forces website
- Bainimarama's speech, 5 December 2006: the stated reasons for the coup
- Commodore Bainimarama's address to the 62nd session of the United Nations General Assembly, 28 September 2007 (video )
- Commodore Bainimarama's address to the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, 26 September 2008
- Frank, Uncensored, ABC documentary by Philippa McDonald, 3 August 2010.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable Commodore (rank), Commodore
- **name**: Frank Bainimarama
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of parliament, MP
- **image**: Frank Bainimarama November 2014.jpg
- **office**: 8th Prime Minister of Fiji
- **president**: Josefa Iloilo
Epeli Nailatikau
George Konrote
Wiliame Katonivere
- **term start**: 5 January 2007
- **term end**: 24 December 2022

- **predecessor**: Jona Senilagakali
- **successor**: Sitiveni Rabuka
- **office1**: President of Fiji

- **primeminister1**: Jona Senilagakali
- **term start1**: 5 December 2006
- **term end1**: 4 January 2007
- **predecessor1**: Josefa Iloilo
- **successor1**: Josefa Iloilo
- **primeminister2**: Laisenia Qarase
- **term start2**: 29 May 2000
- **term end2**: 13 July 2000
- **predecessor2**: Kamisese Mara
- **successor2**: Josefa Iloilo
- **office3**: Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fiji), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **term start3**: 9 September 2016
- **term end3**: 28 January 2019
- **primeminister3**: Himself
- **predecessor3**: Inoke Kubuabola
- **successor3**: Inia Seruiratu
- **office4**: Minister for Immigration, National Security and Defence

- **term start4**: 31 August 2016
- **term end4**: 9 September 2016
- **predecessor4**: Timoci Natuva
- **successor4**: Inoke Kubuabola
- **birth name**: Josaia Voreqe Bainimarama
- **birth place**: Tailevu Province, Kiuva, Colony of Fiji
- **party**: FijiFirst Party, FijiFirst
- **spouse**: Maria Makitalena
- **children**: 5
- **alma mater**: Dalhousie University
- **allegiance**: Fiji
- **branch**: Navy of Fiji, Fijian Navy
- **serviceyears**: 1975–2014
- **rank**: Commodore (rank), Commodore
Jyrki Katainen

**Jyrki Tapani Katainen** (born 14 October 1971) is a Finnish politician. He was the Prime Minister of Finland from June 2011 to June 2014. He is also the chairman of the National Coalition Party.

## Other websites

- Jyrki Katainen's home page
- National Coalition Party of Finland

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jyrki Katainen
- **image**: Jyrki Katainen A4.jpeg
- **order**: List of Prime Ministers of Finland, 42nd
- **office**: Prime Minister of Finland
- **president**: Tarja Halonen
Sauli Niinistö
- **deputy**: Jutta Urpilainen
- **term start**: 22 June 2011
- **term end**: 24 June 2014
- **predecessor**: Mari Kiviniemi
- **successor**: Alexander Stubb
- **office2**: Deputy Prime Minister of Finland
- **primeminister2**: Matti Vanhanen
Mari Kiviniemi
- **term start2**: 19 April 2007
- **term end2**: 22 June 2011
- **predecessor2**: Eero Heinäluoma
- **successor2**: Jutta Urpilainen
- **office3**: Minister of Finance (Finland), Minister of Finance
- **primeminister3**: Matti Vanhanen
Mari Kiviniemi
- **term start3**: 19 April 2007
- **term end3**: 22 June 2011
- **predecessor3**: Eero Heinäluoma
- **successor3**: Jutta Urpilainen
- **birth place**: Siilinjärvi, Finland
- **party**: National Coalition Party
- **branch**: Finnish Army
- **serviceyears**: 1989–1990
- **rank**: Yliluutnantti, Senior 1st Lieutenant
- **spouse**: Mervi Katainen
- **alma mater**: University of Tampere
- **signature**: Accession Treaty 2011 Jyrki Katainen signature.svg
Colada morada

***Colada morada*** (Spanish for _dark purple strained_) is a traditional Ecuadorian drink. It is prepared with black corn flour and fruits such as naranjilla, babaco, pineapple, blackberries, strawberries, and blueberries (which give it its color). The drink is sweetened with cane sugar. It is served hot.
Audrey Totter

**Audrey Mary Totter** (December 20, 1917 – December 12, 2013) was an American actress. She worked for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer as a contract star. Totter was known for her role on _Medical Center_.

Totter died of a stroke in Los Angeles, California on December 12, 2013, aged 95.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Audrey Totter
- **image**: Audrey Totter pin-up from Yank, The Army Weekly, August 1945.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **caption**: Totter from _Yank, The Army Weekly_, August 1945
- **birthname**: Audrey Mary Totter
- **occupation**: Actress
- **birth place**: Joliet, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, Woodland Hills, California, U.S.
- **yearsactive**: 1943–1987
- **spouse**: (his death); 1 child
Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne

***Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne*** is a real-time strategy video game. It is published by Blizzard Entertainment. It is the expansion set of _Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos_. It was released in 2003.

## New features

All races (The Undead, Night Elves, Humans, Orcs) have one more Hero (Crypt Lord, Warden, Bloodmage, and Shadow Hunter). Moreover, there is the Tavern in most new maps. Players can hire neutral heroes from there. There is the Beastmaster, Dark Ranger, Firelord, Goblin Tinker, Goblin Alchemist, Naga Sea Witch, Pandaren Brewmaster, and Pit Lord.

All races have their own shops.
- Tomb of Relics, which is the shop of the Undead, sells the Rod of Necromancy, Sacrificial Skull, Dust of Appearance, Potion of Healing, Potion of Mana, Scroll of Town Portal, Orb of Corruption, Scroll of Healing.
- Ancient of Wonders, which is the shop of the Night Elves, sells Moonstone, Lesser Clarity Potion, Dust of Appearance, Potion of Healing, Potion of Mana Scroll of Tonw Portal, Staff of Preservation, Orb of Venom, Anti-Magic Potion.
- Arcane Vault, which is the shop of Humans, sells Scroll of Regeneration, Mechanical Critter, Lesser Clarity Potion, Potion of Healing, Potion of Mana Scroll of Tonw Portal, Ivory Tower, Orb of Fire, Staff of Sanctuary.
- Voodoo Lounge, which is the shop of the Orcs, sells Healing Selves, Lesser Clarity Potion, Speed Scroll, Potion of Healing, Potion of Mana Scroll of Tonw Portal, Tiny Great Hall, and Lighting Orb.

All races have new units. The Undead now have Obsidian Statue, Destroyer, Skeletal Mage, and Carrion Beetle for their new armies. The Night Elves acquire Mountain Giant, Faerie Dragon, Avatar of Vengeance, and Sprit of Vengeance for their new armies. The Humans acquire Spell Breaker, Dragonhawk Rider, and Phoenix for their new armies. The Orcs acquire Berserker, Spirit Walker, and Troll Batrider for their new armies.

## Change in gameplay

Upkeep System takes the form of a tax on player's Gold mining that is automatically deducted from all Gold players get. The upper limit of this system is increased. Low Upkeep becomes 50 from 40. High Upkeep becomes 80 from 70.

The costs of all units and buildings are reduced in price.

## References

- Battle.Net

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne
- **developer**: Blizzard Entertainment
- **publisher**: Blizzard Entertainment
- **director**: Frank Pearce Jr.
- **producer**: Chris Sigaty
- **designer**: Rob Pardo
- **writer**: Chris Metzen
- **series**: _Warcraft_
- **released**: July 1, 2003
- **genre**: Real-time strategy
- **modes**: Single-player, multiplayer
- **platforms**: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X
Pope Leo VI

**Pope Leo VI** (??? − February 929) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from June 928 until February 929 when he died.

Tradition tells that he was a member of the Sanguini family. Before being elected, he was the cardinal-priest of the church of Santa Susanna in Rome.

He died on 15 March 931 in Rome and was buried in St. Peter's Basilica. He was succeeded by Pope Stephen VII.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: Pope
- **name**: Leo VI
- **image**: Pope Leo VI Illustration.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **birth name**: Leo Sanguini
- **term start**: June 928
- **term end**: February 929
- **predecessor**: Pope John X, John X
- **successor**: Pope Stephen VII, Stephen VII
- **birth date**: ???
- **birth place**: Rome, Papal States
- **death date**: February 929
- **death place**: Rome, Papal States
Poitou

**Poitou** was a province of France of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers.
There is a marshland called the Poitevin Mar on the Gulf of Poitou, on the west coast of France, just north of La Rochelle and west of Niort.

Many of the Acadians who settled in what is now Nova Scotia beginning in 1604 and later to New Brunswick, came from the region of Poitou. After the Acadians were deported by the British beginning in 1755, a number of Acadians eventually took refuge in Poitou and in Québec. A large portion of these refugees also migrated to Louisiana in 1785 and following years became known as Cajuns.

## Related pages

- Poitou-Charentes for the present-day Region of France including Poitiers.

## Other websites

- Poitou, former province of France

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Poitou
- **image shield**: Blason ville fr Scorbé-Clairvaux (Vienne).svg
- **shield size**: 75px
- **image map**: Poitou in France (1789).svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: France
- **area total km2**: 19709
- **population as of**: 2006 estimate
- **population footnotes**:
Residents known as Poitevins
- **population total**: 1,375,356
- **timezone**: CET
- **blank info sec1**: 638—677, Guérin de Trèves
1403—1461, Charles VII of France
Kristubhagavatam

***Kristubhagavatam*** is a mahakavya (an epic poem) written in Sanskrit. It is based on the life of Jesus Christ. It was written by Mahakavi P. C. Devassia. Devassia was a Sanskrit scholar from Kerala, India.
Pope John VII

**Pope John VII** (650 – 18 October 707) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1 March 705 until 18 October 707 when he died.

His father was Plato was a curator of the Palatine Hill. This makes him the first pope to be the son of a Byzantine official.

He had bad relations with the Quinisext council of 692 but had good relations with the Lombards, who had ruled much of Italy at the time. Liber Pontificalis criticized Pope John VII for not signing Canons which were really unpopular in Italy at the time.

Liber Pontificalis said:
    - _"He [Emperor Justinian II] despatched two metropolitan bishops, also sending with them a mandate in which he requested and urged the pontiff [John VII] to gather a council of the apostolic church, and to confirm such of them as he approved, and quash and reject those which were adverse. But he, terrified in his human weakness, sent them back to the prince by the same metropolitans without any emendations at all."_

He died on 18 October 707 and was buried in Chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He was succeeded by Pope Sisinnius.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: Pope
- **name**: John VII
- **image**: Pope John VII.JPG
- **image size**: 220px
- **term start**: 1 March 705
- **term end**: 18 October 707
- **predecessor**: Pope John VI, John VI
- **successor**: Pope Sisinnius, Sisinnius
- **birth date**: 650
- **birth place**: Rossano, Calabria, Byzantine Empire
- **death date**: 18 October 707
- **death place**: ???
River Humber

The **River Humber** is a large deep water estuary on the east coast of Northern England. It is formed by the River Ouse and the River Trent coming together. From here to the North Sea (about 40 miles) it forms part of the border between the East Riding of Yorkshire on the north side and Lincolnshire on the south side. The Humber's only modern crossing is the Humber Bridge. At one time it the longest single-span suspension bridge in the world. Now it is the fifth longest. Before the bridge was built in 1981, paddle steamers were used to cross the mile long span.

## History

In the middle ages the tides of the Humber kept armies from crossing. At that time it was thought to be an arm of the ocean. During the Anglo-Saxon period, the Humber was a major boundary, separating Northumbria from the southern kingdoms. The name Northumbria came from Old English _Northanhymbre_ meaning "the people north of the Humber".   The Vikings used the Humber and its two tributaries, the Ouse and Trent, with their shallow-draft Longships to raid all over northeastern England.

### Fortresses

Fort Paull was a Napoleonic era fort built in 1542 to protect the port there. The site dates back to 910 when it was a lookout for Viking raiders. The current fort is designed as a pentagon and was built from 1861–1864. It was disarmed at the beginning of the First World War and replaced by two nearby forts. One was on Sunk Island; the other was at Stallingborough. In 1960 the fort was finally closed down. But in 1964 a group of volunteers took over the fort and made it into a Museum.

## Other websites

- The Humber Estuary
- Fort Paull Museum
France Roche

**France Roche** (2 April 1921 – 14 December 2013) was a French actress and screenwriter. She appeared in 17 movies between 1951 and 1979. She died on 14 December 2013 from natural causes, aged 92.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: France Roche
- **birth place**: Saint-Tropez, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **occupation**: Actor, screenwriter
- **yearsactive**: 1951–1979
Ali Bongo Ondimba

**Ali Bongo Ondimba** (born **Alain Bernard Bongo**; February 9, 1959) is a Gabonese politician. He was the President of Gabon from 16 October 2009 until he was deposed on 30 August 2023.

On 7 January 2019, soldiers in Gabon launched a coup d’etat attempt. The coup attempt failed, and the government successfully re-asserted control.

In October 2018, he was hospitalized due to a stroke in Riyadh. In August 2019, Bongo was hospitalized in London and his health was said to be deteriorating.

In October 2021, Ali Bongo is quoted in the “Pandora papers”, these documents on the use of offshore companies in tax havens, Ali Bongo would have been the beneficiary of two companies now dissolved.

On 30 August 2023, military forces, led by high-ranking officers, took control of key government buildings, communication channels, and strategic points within the capital Libreville. During a televised address around ten military personnel announced the end of Bongo's regime, citing "irresponsible, unpredictable governance" that had led to "a continuous degradation of social cohesion, risking pushing the country into chaos." They announced the annulment of the 2023 Gabonese general election and the dissolution of state institutions, as well as the closure of the country's borders.

## Other websites

- Official site of Ali Bongo
- 2004 photograph of Ali Bongo (_People's Daily_)
- GABON: Who will succeed Omar Bongo?, IRIN News, 11 February 2005

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ali Bongo Ondimba
- **image**: Ali Bongo Ondimba, 2012.jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Gabon, President of Gabon
- **primeminister**: Paul Biyoghé Mba
Raymond Ndong Sima
Daniel Ona Ondo
Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet
Julien Nkoghe Bekale
Rose Christiane Raponda
Alain Claude Bilie By Nze
- **term start**: 16 October 2009
- **term end**: 30 August 2023
- **predecessor**: Rose Francine Rogombé <small>(Acting)</small>
Omar Bongo
- **successor**: Brice Oligui
- **birth place**: Brazzaville, French Equatorial Africa <small>(now Republic of the Congo, Congo-Brazzaville)</small>
- **party**: Gabonese Democratic Party, Democratic Party
- **spouse**: Sylvia Bongo Ondimba, Sylvia Valentin
- **alma mater**: Pantheon-Sorbonne University
Raymond Ndong Sima

**Raymond Ndong Sima** (born 23 January 1955) is a Gabonese politician. He is the curren Prime Minister of Gabon since September 2023. He was Prime Minister previously from February 2012 to January 2014.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Raymond Ndong Sima
- **office**: List of heads of government of Gabon, Prime Minister of Gabon
- **president**: Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema, Brice Oligui
- **term start**: 7 September 2023
- **predecessor**: Alain Claude Bilie By Nze
- **president1**: Ali Bongo Ondimba
- **term start1**: 27 February 2012
- **term end1**: 27 January 2014
- **predecessor1**: Paul Biyoghé Mba
- **successor1**: Daniel Ona Ondo
- **birth place**: Oyem, French Equatorial Africa
<small>(now Gabon)</small>
- **party**: Gabonese Democratic Party (until 2015)