juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Khulna Division

**Khulna Division** is one of the eight divisions of Bangladesh. It is in the southwest of the country. Almost 30 million people live there. Its headquarters is Khulna city in Khulna District.

## Geography

The Khulna division borders the Rajshahi Division to the north, the Dhaka Division to the northeast, Barisal Division to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the south and the state of West Bengal (in India) to the west. Barisal Division used to be part of Khulna Division.

## Districts

Khulna Division consists of the following districts:

1. Bagerhat District
1. Chuadanga District
1. Jessore District
1. Jhenaidah District
1. Khulna District
1. Kushtia District
1. Magura District
1. Meherpur District
1. Narail District
1. Satkhira District

## Economy

When part of East Pakistan's - Khulna provided most of the money from abroad due to the Jute industry. The country's second seaport, Mongla Port, and the country's only ship building yard is in Khulna division.

The largest mangrove forest in the World the Sundarban is spread over the three districts of the division: Satkhira, Khulna and Bagherhat.

## Related pages

- Dhaka
- Bangladesh

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Khulna Division
- **native name lang**: bn
- **settlement type**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **image map**: Khulna in Bangladesh.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Khulna Division
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bangladesh
- **established title**: Established
- **seat type**: Capital
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 22,285
- **population total**: 15,563,000
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset1**: +6
Rajshahi Division

**Rajshahi Division** is one of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh. It has a population of almost 30 million and area of about 34,513 km<sup>2</sup>. Rajshahi division consists of 16 districts, 128 Upazilas and 1,092 Unions (the lowest administrative tier). It has an excellent rail and roads. The divisional city Rajshahi is only four hours road journey away from Dhaka, the capital city.

## Location

Rajshahi division is in the north western corner of Bangladesh. The famous river Padma borders Rajshahi division on the south and another famous river, Jamuna, lies across the eastern border. In the north and west, Rajshahi division shares a border with India.

## References

- Banglapedia: Rajshahi Division
<div class="references-small"></div>

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Rajshahi Division
- **native name**: রাজশাহী বিভাগ
- **native name lang**: bn
- **settlement type**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **image map**: বাংলাদেশে রাজশাহী বিভাগ.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Rajshahi Division
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bangladesh
- **established title**: Established
- **seat type**: Capital
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 18,174.4
- **population total**: 18,329,000
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset1**: +6
Sylhet Division

**Sylhet Division** is the Northeastern division of Bangladesh. It is named after its main city, Sylhet. The division is bordered by the Meghalaya State of India on the north, Tripura State on the south, Assam State of India on the east and Dhaka and Chittagong divisions on the west. Bangladeshis also claims the Karimganj Thana as part of its country.

## Demographics

The population of Sylhet Division is about 10 million. Followers of different religions are: Muslim 81.16%, Hindu 17.80%, Christian 0.06%, Buddhist 0.02% and others 0.96%.

## History of Sylhet

Sylhet district was created in 1772 after this area was acquired by the British in 1767 and Mr. William Thackeray was appointed as the first collector.  Current Sylhet district consists of 12 (twelve) upazilas.  There is an attempt to make this web portal useful to the needs of information seekers.  It contains detailed information on various important government departments, resources, publications, education, agriculture, medicine, tourism and housing.  The process of continuously enriching the web portal will continue. the late 18th century, the British East India Company became interested in Sylhet. They saw it as an area of strategic importance in the war against Burma. Sylhet gradually fell under British control and administration. It was governed as a part of Bengal. After the British administrative reorganization of India, Sylhet became a part of Assam. It remained a part of Assam for the rest of the era of British rule.

In 1947, after a referendum, almost all of Sylhet as a district became a part of East Bengal at the time and remained so after Bangladeshi independence. The Karimganj subdivision became part of the new Indian state of Assam. The referendum was held on 3 July 1947. There were a total of 546,815 votes cast on 239 polling stations. A majority of 43.8 per cent voted in favour of East Bengal. There were protests about false votes, but the referendum was acknowledged during India's independence on 18 July 1947.  In 1971, Sylhet became part of the newly formed country of Bangladesh.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Sylhet Division
- **native name lang**: bn
- **other name**: Greater Sylhet
- **settlement type**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **image skyline**: Tea Garden Srimongol Sylhet Bangladesh 2.JPG
- **image caption**: Tea Gardens of Srimongol
- **image map**: Sylhet in Bangladesh.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Sylhet Division in red
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bangladesh
- **established title**: Established
- **seat type**: Capital
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 12,595.95
- **population total**: 9,807,000
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset1**: +6
Barguna District

**Barguna** is a district in South-western Bangladesh. It is a part of the Barisal Division. It has a total area of 1831.31 km². It is bordered on the north by the districts of Jhalokati, Barisal, Pirojpur and Patuakhali. In the east, it borders Patuakhali District. On the south, Barguna is bounded by Patuakhali District, the Bay of Bengal. On the western side, it borders Pirojpur and Bagerhat districts. Important rivers of Barguna district include the Payra river, Bishkhali river and the Baleshwar river.

## Administration

Barguna is divided into 6 upazilas:

1. Amtali Upazila
1. Taltali Upazila
1. Bamna Upazila
1. Barguna Sadar Upazila
1. Betagi Upazila
1. Patharghata Upazila

There are a total of 38 union parishads (union councils), 238 mouzas and 560 villages in these five upazilas. Barguna also has four municipalities containing 44 wards and 49 mahallas.

The largest city in the district is Barguna Town. It has a total area of 15.57 km² and is divided into 9 wards and 19 mohallas.

## People

As of 2007, Barguna District has a population of 902,465, females constitute a majority of the population with a percentage of 50.12% while males constitute 49.88%. 91.01% of the people are Muslim, 8.69% Hindu, 0.04% Christian, 0.24% Buddhist, and 0.02% other.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Barguna
- **native name**: বরগুনা
- **native name lang**: bn
- **official name**: Barguna District
- **type**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **image map**: BD Barguna District locator map.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Barguna in Bangladesh
- **map caption1**: Expandable map of Barguna District
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Barguna in Bangladesh
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Barisal Division
- **established date**: 28 February 1984
- **leader title**: Deputy Commissioner (Bangladesh), Deputy Commissioner
- **leader name**: Mustain Billah
- **leader title1**: District Councils of Bangladesh, District Council Chairman
- **leader name1**: Md. Delwar Hossein
- **leader title2**: Chief Executive Officer
- **leader name2**: Md. Owahedur Rahman
- **area total km2**: 1939.39
- **population total**: 892781
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Literacy rate
- **demographics1 title1**: Total
- **demographics1 info1**: 62.10%
- **timezone1**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset1**: +06:00
- **blank name sec1**: Human Development Index, HDI (2018)
- **blank info sec1**: 0.586
 · List of regions of Bangladesh by Human Development Index, 16th of 21
Barisal District

**Barishal** is a district in southern Bangladesh. It is also the headquarters of Barishal Division.

## History

Barishal was a semi-independent area in the Mughal period. Later it came under the control of British India. After British rule it was part of East Bengal (later East Pakistan) and finally, Bangladesh.

## Subdivisions

Barishal District is divided into the following Upazilas (formerly called Thanas):
1. Agailjhara Upazila
1. Babuganj Upazila
1. Bakerganj Upazila
1. Banaripara Upazila
1. Gaurnadi Upazila
1. Hizla Upazila
1. Barishal Sadar Upazila
1. Mehendiganj Upazila
1. Muladi Upazila
1. Wazirpur Upazila
Bhola District

**Bhola** () is a district in south-western Bangladesh. It is in the Barisal Division. It is also the largest offshore island region in Bangladesh, with an area of 3403.48 km². It is bordered by Lakshmipur and Barisal districts to the north. Bay of Bengal is to the south; Lakshmipur and Noakhali districts, Meghna (lower) river and Shahbazpur Channel are to the east. Patuakhali district and Tentulia river are to the west.

## Subdistricts

Bhola district comprises the following upazilas:
1. Bhola Sadar Upazila
1. Burhanuddin Upazila
1. Char Fasson Upazila
1. Daulatkhan Upazila
1. Lalmohan Upazila
1. Manpura Upazila
1. Tazumuddin Upazila

## Places of interest

- Bhola Shishu Park
- Charfashion College

## Related pages

- Districts of Bangladesh
- Barisal Division

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bhola
- **native name lang**: bn
- **type**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **image map**: BD Bhola District locator map.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Bhola in Bangladesh
- **map caption1**: Expandable map of Bhola District
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Bhola in Bangladesh
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Barisal Division
- **established date**: 1984
- **leader title**: Deputy Commissioner
- **leader name**: Mohammad Masud Alam Siddique
- **area total km2**: 3403.48
- **population total**: 2037201
- **population as of**: 2011 Census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Literacy rate
- **demographics1 title1**: Total
- **demographics1 info1**: 43.2%
- **timezone1**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset1**: +06:00
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Bangladesh, Postal code
- **postal code**: 8300
- **website**: [http://www.bhola.gov.bd www.bhola.gov.bd]
- **blank name sec1**: Human Development Index, HDI (2018)
- **blank info sec1**: 0.586
 · List of regions of Bangladesh by Human Development Index, 16th of 21
Jhalokati District

**Jhalokati** or **Jhalokathi** () is a district in South-western Bangladesh. It is a part of the Barisal Division.

## Subdivisions

The district is administratively subdivided into 4 upazilas, these are:

1. Jhalokati Sadar Upazila
1. Kathalia Upazila
1. Nalchity Upazila
1. Rajapur Upazila

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Jhalokati
- **native name**: ঝালকাঠি
- **native name lang**: bn
- **type**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **image map**: BD Jhalokati District locator map.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Jhalokati in Bangladesh
- **map caption1**: Expandable map of Jhalokati District
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Jhalokati in Bangladesh
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Barisal Division
- **established date**: 1984
- **leader title**: Deputy Commissioner
- **leader name**: Md. Johar Ali
- **leader title1**: Deputy Commissioner
- **area total km2**: 758.06
- **population total**: 694090
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset1**: +06:00
- **postal code**: 8400
- **blank name sec1**: Human Development Index, HDI (2018)
- **blank info sec1**: 0.672
 · 2nd of 21
Patuakhali District

**Patuakhali** is a district in South-western Bangladesh. It is a part of the Barisal Division. This district is called "SagorKonna", which means daughter of sea. It is watered by the Bay of Bengal.

## Subdivisions

There are 6 Upazilas/Thanas in this district. They are:
1. Bauphal Upazila
1. Dasmina Upazila
1. Dumki Upazila
1. Galachipa Upazila
1. Kalapara Upazila
1. Mirzaganj Upazila
1. Patuakhali Sadar Upazila.

## Economy

Agriculture is the profession of the most of the people. Fishing is also a prominent profession of this district. Thousands of boats go into the deep sea to fish and come back with tons of fish. Paddy, Jute, and different types of vegetables are the main product of agriculture sector.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Patuakhali
- **native name**: পটুয়াখালী
- **native name lang**: bn
- **official name**: Patuakhali District
- **type**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **nickname**: সাগরকন্যা (Daughter of the Sea)
- **image map**: BD Patuakhali District locator map.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Patuakhali in Bangladesh
- **map caption1**: Expandable map of Patuakhali District
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Patuakhali in Bangladesh
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Barisal Division
- **established title**: Patuakhali
- **established date**: 1969
- **leader title**: Deputy Commissioner (Bangladesh), Deputy Commissioner
- **leader name**: Md. Matiul Islam Chowdhury
- **area total km2**: 3220.15
- **population total**: 1535854
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset1**: +06:00
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Bangladesh, Postal code
- **postal code**: 8600
- **blank name sec1**: Human Development Index, HDI (2018)
- **blank info sec1**: 0.586
 · 16th of 21
Pirojpur District

**Pirojpur** () is a district in South-western Bangladesh. It is a part of the Barisal Division. Most of the land is low lying and the soil is fertile. There are small forests. The Pirojpur municipality was established in 1985. Nesarabad is famous for business centres and also for the Sundori tree (a kind of mangrove tree) that grows there.

## Subdivisions

Pirojpur district is divided into units, also known as _Thana_s: Pirojpur Sadar, Nesarabad, Mothbaria, Bhandaria, Zianagar, Nazirpur, Kawkhali. The subdivision of Pirojpur was created in 1866.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Pirojpur
- **native name**: পিরোজপুর
- **native name lang**: bn
- **official name**: Pirojpur District
- **type**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **image map**: BD Pirojpur District locator map.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Pirojpur in Bangladesh
- **map caption1**: Expandable map of Pirojpur District
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Pirojpur in Bangladesh
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Barisal Division
- **leader title**: Deputy Commissioner (Bangladesh), Deputy Commissioner
- **leader name**: Abu Ali Md. Shazzad Hossain
- **area total km2**: 1277.80
- **population total**: 1,131,758
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population demonym**: Pirojpuri, Firozpuri
- **timezone1**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset1**: +06:00
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Bangladesh, Postal code
- **postal code**: 8500
- **blank name sec1**: Human Development Index, HDI (2018)
- **blank info sec1**: 0.672
 · List of regions of Bangladesh by Human Development Index, 2nd of 21
Districts of Bangladesh

There are 64 **Districts of Bangladesh** known as jelas (Bengali: জেলা _Jēlā_ - district). The districts are further subdivided into 495 sub-districts, or upazila (উপজেলা _upojela_).

These 64 districts make up the eight divisions of Bangladesh, the districts are listed below in alphabetical order by division. The official English name of each district is followed by the official Bengali name (in brackets).

## Barishal

- Barguna (বরগুনা _Bôrguna_)
- Barisal (বরিশাল _Borishal_)
- Bhola (ভোলা _Bhola_)
- Jhalokati (ঝালকাঠী _Jhalkaţhi_)
- Patuakhali (পটুয়াখালী _Poţuakhali_)
- Pirojpur (পিরোজপুর _Pirojpur_)

## Chittagong

- Bandarban (বান্দরবান _Bandorban_)
- Brahmanbaria (ব্রাহ্মনবাড়ীয়া _Bramhonbaŗia_)
- Chandpur (চাঁদপুর _Chãdpur_)
- Chittagong (চট্টগ্রাম _Chôţţogram_)
- Comilla (কুমিল্লা _Kumilla_)
- Cox's Bazar (কক্সবাজার _Kôksbajar_)
- Feni (ফেনী _Feni_)
- Khagrachari (খাগড়াছড়ি _Khagŗachhoŗi_)
- Lakshmipur (লক্ষীপুর _Lokkhipur_)
- Noakhali (নোয়াখালী _Noakhali_)
- Rangamati (রাঙ্গামাটি _Raņamaţi_)

## Dhaka

- Dhaka (ঢাকা _Đhaka_)
- Faridpur (ফরিদপুর _Foridpur_)
- Gazipur (গাজীপুর _Gajipur_)
- Gopalganj (গোপালগঞ্জ _Gopalgônj_)
- Kishoreganj (কিশোরগঞ্জ _Kishorgônj_)
- Madaripur (মাদারীপুর _Madaripur_)
- Manikganj (মানিকগঞ্জ _Manikgônj_)
- Munshiganj (মুন্সীগঞ্জ _Munshigônj_)
- Narayanganj (নারায়ণগঞ্জ _Naraeongônj_)
- Narsingdi (নরসিংদী _Nôrshiņdi_)
- Rajbari (রাজবাড়ী _Rajbaŗi_)
- Shariatpur (শরীয়তপুর _Shoriotpur_)
- Tangail (টাঙ্গাইল _Ţaņgail_)

## Mymensingh

- Jamalpur (জামালপুর _Jamalpur_)
- Mymensingh (ময়মনসিংহ _Môemonshiņho_)
- Netrakona (নেত্রকোনা _Netrokona_)
- Sherpur (শেরপুর _Sherpur_)

## Khulna

- Bagerhat (বাগেরহাট _Bagerhaţ_)
- Chuadanga (চুয়াডাঙা _Chuađaņa_)
- Jessore (যশোর _Jôshor_)
- Jhenaidah (ঝিনাইদহ _Jhinaidôh_)
- Khulna (খুলনা _Khulna_)
- Kushtia (কুষ্টিয়া _Kushţia_)
- Magura (মাগুরা _Magura_)
- Meherpur (মেহেরপুর _Meherpur_)
- Narail (নড়াইল _Nôŗail_)
- Shatkhira (সাতক্ষীরা _Shatkhira_)

## Rajshahi

- Bogra (বগুরা _Bogura_)
- Joypurhat (জয়পুরহাট _Jôepurhaţ_)
- Naogaon (নওগাঁ _Nôogão_)
- Natore (নাটোর _Naţor_)
- Chapai Nawabganj (চাঁপাই নওয়াবগঞ্জ _Nôoabgônj_)
- Pabna (পাবনা _Pabna_)
- Rajshahi (রাজশাহী _Rajshahi_)
- Sirajganj (সিরাজগঞ্জ _Shirajgônj_)

## Rangpur

- Dinajpur (দিনাজপুর _Dinajpur_)
- Gaibandha (গাইবান্ধা _Gaibandha_)
- Kurigram (কুড়িগ্রাম _Kuŗigram_)
- Lalmonirhat (লালমনিরহাট _Lalmonirhaţ_)
- Nilphamari (নীলফামারী Nilfamari)
- Panchagarh (পঞ্চগড় Pônchogôŗ)
- Rangpur (রংপুর Rôņpur)
- Thakurgaon (ঠাকুরগাঁও Ţhakurgão)

## Sylhet

- Habiganj (হবিগঞ্জ _Hobigônj_,  _Obigoinj_)
- Maulvibazar (মৌলভীবাজার _Maulbhibajar_ _MolowiBazar_)
- Sunamganj (সুনামগঞ্জ _Shunamgônj_, _Shunamgoinj_)
- Sylhet (সিলেট _Sileţ_,_Sylot_)
Backergunje

**Backergunje**, or **Bakarganj** was a former district of British India in the Dacca division of Eastern Bengal and Assam, and is now mostly in Bangladesh. In the year 1901, the population was 2,291,752. The district was mainly flat even country with areas of bamboo and betelnut trees, and was crossed by dark-coloured and sluggish streams. There was not a hill in the whole district.

## Rivers

The main rivers of the district were the Meghna, the Arial Khan and the Haringhata or Baleswar. The Haringhata, Baleswar, Madhumati and Garai are different names for the same river - people could travel throughout the district by boat.

## People

There were small trading villages throughout the district, and each area had fairs to trade. The condition of the people was good, people had land and were able to grow rice to support their families, for this reason it was very hard to hire people for work.
Bandarban District

**Bandarban** (Bengali:বান্দরবান) is a district in South-Eastern Bangladesh, and a part of the Chittagong Division and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Bandarban (meaning _the dam of monkeys_) is also known as Arvumi or the Bohmong Circle (of the rest of the three hill districts Rangamati is the Chakma Circle and Khagrachari is the Mong Circle).

## British and Pakistani rule

As part of British India the area became part of the Bohmong circle and had some independence. During World War II many soldiers arrived in the area to fight against the Japanese who were in nearby Burma. The tribes of these hills have always rebelled against those who have tried to rule them. When India, Pakistan and Burma became independent from Britain, the tribes of Bandarban flew the flag of Burma for a few days. During the Bangladesh War of 1971 which was fought to gain independence from Pakistan, leaders of the tribal people sought allegiance with Pakistan government.

## After Bangladeshi independence

In the late 1970s, Bengalis stated settling into the hills pursued, which later gave rise to much violence against the hill people and started a rebellion led by Shanti Bahini.
Bod, Brașov

**Bod** is a commune in Brașov County, Romania.  As of 1966, just over 4,000 people were living in Bod.
Calafat

**Calafat** is a city in Dolj County, Romania.  It is near the Danube River. This is across from the Bulgarian city of Vidin.  Calafat was started in the 14th century by Genoese colonists.  About 21,200 people lived in Calafat, as of 2000.

### Twin towns — Sister cities

Calafat is twinned with:
- Vidin, Bulgaria
- Zaječar, Serbia
- Duiven, Netherlands
- Biñan, Philippines

## Infobox (settlement)

- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
- **map caption**: Location of Calafat
- **official name**: Calafat
- **pushpin map**: Romania
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Calafat
- **image skyline**: Monument_Calafat.JPG
- **image caption**: The monument commemorating the soldiers who fought in the War of Independence in 1877
- **image shield**: ROU_DJ_Calafat_CoA.svg
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Romania, County
- **subdivision name1**: Dolj County
- **subdivision type2**: Subdivisions of Romania, Status
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Lucian Ciobanu
- **leader party**: Social Democratic Party (Romania), PSD <small>(2016–present)</small>
- **population as of**: 2000
- **population total**: 21227
Dacia

The **Roman province of Dacia** was in the Balkans. It included Transylvania, Banat and Oltenia in the modern Romania, and Muntenia and southern Moldova. It did not include the nearby regions of Moesia.

It was a big district in Central Europe of the Roman Empire. The northern part of the border was made up of the Carpathians; the southern part of the border of Dacia was made up of the Danube River, and the western part of the border of Dacia was made up of the Tisza River. Along the borders many Roman strongpoints built. The Dacia district protected the Empire from foreign tribes of the north east side.

The place where Dacia once was is now made up of Romania and Moldova, along with some parts of Hungary, Bulgaria and Ukraine. The capital of Dacia was Sarmizegetusa. The name of Romania came probably from the idea of the former "Romans country".

Dacia was added to the Roman Empire in its earliest days by the Emperor Trajan. Despite its wealth, it was the first province from which Rome withdrew.

From circa 168 BC to 106 AD, Dacia was an independent kingdom ruled by the Dacians, whom were native to the region. They were conquered by the Romans in 106 AD.
Gepids

The **Gepids** were an East Germanic Gothic tribe who became famous after defeating the Huns.  The place where the Gepids lived was called **Gepidia** or **Kingdom of the Gepids**.  The place where the Gepids used to live contained some of Romania, Hungary and Serbia.

## Other websites

- Map of Gepidia
- Map of Gepid Kingdom
- Kingdom of the Gepids - location map
Commander-in-Chief

A **commander-in-chief** is the commander of a nation's military forces. Some country's commander-in-chief does not need to have been a soldier or involved in the military. The term was first used by King Charles I of England in 1639.

Commanders-in-Chief is sometimes referred to as **Supreme Commander**, which is sometimes used as a specific term.

## Australia

The role of command in chief is done by the Governor-General of Australia as the King’s representative.

## United Kingdom

The title Commander-in-Chief is rarely used by the King or Queen of England, but usually refers to local commanders-in-chief.

## India

After independence from Britain on August 15, 1947, each Service was given its own Chief Commander (navy, army, airforce).

## Iran

Before 1979, the Shah was the commander-in-chief in Iran. After the creation of the Islamic Republic, the Supreme Leader of Iran has taken on the role.

## Ireland

In Ireland, the commander-in-chief of the army is the President.

## Pakistan

In Pakistan, the President is by law the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, however the elected Prime Minister has the real power.

## Hong Kong

When Hong Kong was a British colony the Governor was also the Commander-in-Chief of Hong Kong.

## United States of America

Commander-in-chief is one of the many roles given to the president of the United States
Corbu, Harghita

**Corbu** is a commune in Harghita County, Romania.
India Command

**British India Command** was the name given to the general staff of the Commander-in-Chief (shortened to C-in-C) of British India.

The Commander-in-Chief of India reported to the civilian Governor-General of India. Most of the C-in-C's staff were based at the General Headquarters India (GHQ India).

## World War II

During World War II the C-in-C India was also responsible for Ceylon and the Burma Campaign. During this time Chinese and American units also came under the operational control of the India Command.

## Other websites

- OPERATIONS IN THE FAR EAST From 17th October, 1940 To 27th December 1941
Governor-General of India

The **Governor-General of India** was the head of the British administration in British India. He was known as the **Viceroy** because he was the representative of the monarch, who for many years was Queen Victoria.

The position was created in 1773, with the title of "Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William". In the beginning the officer had direct control only over Fort William, but supervised other British East India Company officials in India. However in 1833 the Governor was given complete control over all of British India and from then on was known as the Governor-General of India.

## History

Many parts of India were governed by the East India Company, which was supposed to be agents of the Mughal Emperor.

After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the East India Company was abolished and the lands it had overned in the Indian sub-continent ware put under the direct control of the government of Britain. The Governor-General headed the central Government of India in Calcutta and was responsible to the imperial government in London. The rest of the sub-continent was administered by a large number of princely rulers under the supreme authority of Britain. The Governor-General was commonly known as the Viceroy of India because of his secondary role as Britain's representative to these nominally independent princely states.

Although India and Pakistan became independent in 1947, Governors-General stayed on to represent the Monarch of Great Britain until each rewrote their laws to become republics. When Pakistan and India become independent in 1947 King George who had been before then been the Emperor of India became the King of both countries.

However when India became a republic in 1950 he was no longer king of that country, however he remained king of Pakistan until his death in 1952. After that Elizabeth become Queen until 1956 when Pakistan too became a republic.
Warren Hastings

**Warren Hastings** (December 7 1732 - August 22 1818) was the first Governor-General of India, from 1773 to 1785. He was born at Churchill, Oxfordshire.  He attended Westminster School before joining the British East India Company in 1750 as a clerk.  In 1757 he was made the British Resident (administrative in charge) of Murshidabad. He was appointed to the Calcutta council in 1761, but was back in England in 1764. He returned to India in 1769 as a part of the Madras council and was made governor of Bengal in 1772. In 1773, he was appointed the first Governor-General of India.

For ten years Hastings managed to help expand British control across India that had been stated by Robert Clive. Some of his fellow Britons blamed him for not getting victory in the Second Anglo-Mysore War.

Hastings resigned in 1784 and returned to England, however when he arrived in England he was charged with corruption by Edmund Burke. Burke was encouraged by Sir Philip Francis who had been wounded by Hastings in a duel in India. The Impeachment trial took seven years and Hastings was acquitted.

On August 22 1806, the Edinburgh East India Club held a party to honour Hastings, asking for "Prosperity to our settlements in India".

## Places named after him

The city of Hastings, New Zealand and the Melbourne outer suburb of Hastings, Victoria, Australia were both named after him.

Hastings is a Senior Wing House at St Paul's School, Darjeeling, India, where all the senior wing houses are named after colonial-age military figures.
Robert Clive

**Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive of Plassey**, KB (29 September 1725 – 22 November 1774), also known as **Clive of India**, was a British soldier who established British control in Southern India and Bengal. Together with Warren Hastings he was one of the key figures in the creation of British India.

Robert Clive was born at Styche, the family estate, in the parish in Moreton Say, near Market Drayton, Shropshire.  Teachers were unable to control the young Clive. He is said to have climbed the tower of St Mary's Parish Church in Market Drayton and sat on a gargoyle, frightening people down below. He also attempted to set up a protection racket enforced by a gang of youths. Faced with the choice of paying up or receiving a visit from Clive and his 'boys', many of Market Drayton's shopkeepers decided to pay. His bad behaviour resulted in him being expelled from three schools, including Market Drayton Grammar School. He also went to Clifton College School. He boarded there for 3 years.

As an adult Clive worked for the British East India Company. In 1746 he joined the Company army and fought well against the French army in India. He led the winning army in the Battle of Plassey during the Seven Years War. He was the first governor of Bengal during 1757 to 1760 in India. He is sometimes called the founder of British empire in India.

His Indian fortune was worth 401,102 pounds, when he left India in 1767. He was cross-examined by the British Parliament in 1772 due to it being suspicious of his large wealth. Although he was acquited he commited suicide in 1774 two years later.

## Places named after him

The town of Clive, New Zealand was named after him. The name was given by John Curling.
Syed Hussain Bilgrami

**Syed Hussain Bilgrami** was an Indian teacher of Islamic studies and a poltician. Syed was born in the year 1844 in the town of Bihar and died in the year 1926 in the city of Hyderabad. Syed worked at Cunning College in Lucknow as an Arabic linguist from 1866-1873. In 1874, Syed became the secretary of Salar Jung until he died. While Syed was the secretary of Jung, he met with Queen Victoria and other British polticians.
Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman

**Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman** (1889–1973) was an Pakistani Muslim politician.  He was leader of the All India Muslim League in the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh). A strong supporter of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Pakistan movement, Khaliquzzaman migrated to Pakistan in 1947. After Independence, he was the first president of PML.
Valea Mare, Covasna

**Valea Mare** (Hungarian: Nagypatak) is a commune in Covasna County, Romania. About 1,140 people lived in Valea Mare as of the year 2002.
Iron Maiden (album)

***Iron Maiden*** is the first album by British heavy metal band Iron Maiden.
It was released on 11th April 1980. The main musical type of the album is heavy metal but some songs, like "Sanctuary" or "Running Free" are like punk rock music. Some fans feel that a song from this album, "Phantom Of The Opera" is the best song Iron Maiden have ever made.

## Musicians

People who were members of Iron Maiden when the album was made:

- Steve Harris - Bass guitar
- Paul Di'Anno – Singing
- Dennis Stratton – Electric guitar
- Dave Murray - Electric guitar
- Clive Burr - Percussion

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Iron Maiden
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Iron Maiden
- **released**: 14 April 1980
- **recorded**: February 1980, at Kingsway Studios, London
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal
- **length**: 37:35
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: EMI
- **producer**: Will Malone
- **next title**: Killers (Iron Maiden album), Killers
- **next year**: 1981
Awami League

The **Bangladesh Awami League** (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ; also translated **Bangladesh People's League**) is a political party in Bangladesh. The party is now headed by Sheikh Hasina, the daughter of the late Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The Awami League has been in government twice, about eight and a half years, since Bangladesh's independence in 1971.

The party was openly involved in terrorist activities and hampering freedom of speech. Head of party Sheikh Hasina has also been widely referred to as an autocrat sometimes a dictator even. Despite once having wide support, the party has lost it due to the immense amount of corruption and other inhumane activities it has been involved in.
Jatiyo Gano Front

The **Jatiyo Gano Front** (National People's Front) is a left-wing political group in Bangladesh. The JGF used to be part of the Workers Party of Bangladesh but split from them in 1995. The JGF is led by Tipu Biswas.
Azad Pakistan Party

The **Azad Pakistan Party** is a left-wing Pakistani party founded by Mian Iftikharuddin. He is an ex-member of the Indian Congress who went on to join the Muslim League that created Pakistan.
Insaf Party

The **Insaf Party** (Justice Party), was a Muslim political party. It was founded by Syed Shahabuddin in 1989 as a split from the Janata Party - it formed  as a protest against the alliance between V.P. Singh and the right wing Bharatiya Janata Party. When the V.P. Singh government fell in 1990, the IP stopped being a party.
Apna Dal

The **Apna Dal** is a political party in India. Most of the people who support are from the Kurmi caste. Its main base is in central Uttar Pradesh. Apna Dal is led by Sone Lal Patel.
Ambedkar National Congress

The **Ambedkar National Congress** is a National Political Party registered on 04/04/2002 and headquartered at Door No:8-3-323, Ambedkar Bhavan, Ameerpet X Roads, Ameerpet, Hyderabad 500073, Telangana India.

The party works for the rights of Backward Cast, Schedule Cast, Schedule Tribes, Dalits , and Minority communities in bringing equality opportunities to every citizen of India.  Mr. Mohammed Kazam Ali Khan is the founder and President of the ANC.
Harold Arthur Deane

**Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Harold Arthur Deane** (1854-1908) was an administrator in British India. Deane served as the first Political Agent of the Malakand in 1895 and also as the first Chief Commissioner of the   when the province was created on 9th November 1901.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Harold Arthur Deane
- **image**: Harold Arthur Deane.jpg
- **birth date**: 1854
- **death date**: 1908
Pakistani English

**Pakistani English** is the type of the English Language as it is spoken in Pakistan. It is recognised as one of the official languages of the country.

## History

Although British rule in South Asia lasted for almost two hundred years, the areas that are now Pakistan were some of the last places to be taken over by the British. Punjab (which included the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province) was captured in 1849, Sindh a few years before; while Balochistan was never fully taken over by the British. This meant that English had less time to become part of local culture. However, in 1947, when Pakistan became independent, English (along with Urdu) became Pakistan's official language - this was written into law in 1973.

## Relationship with Indian English

Pakistani English has many similarities with Indian English, but since Independence there have been some very obvious differences. These include words and phrases not used in India, as well as accents. Foreign companies find accent naturalisation easier in Pakistan than in India. However, like Indian English, Pakistani English has preserved many phrases that are now considered old in Britain.

## Use in Pakistan

English is one of Pakistan's official languages. All government documents, military communications, street signs, many shop signs, business contracts and other activities are in English. The language of the courts is also English.
English is taught to all school level Pakistani students, and in many cases English is also the language used to teach the students other subjects. At the college and university level all instruction is in English.
Pakistan has a large English language press and (more recently) media. All of Pakistan's major dailies are published in or have an edition in English. Dawn News is a major English language news channel.

## Pakistani English Literature

Since English in Pakistan is a well-established and popular, expanding language, people there read and write in it too. Pakistani English literature is increasingly making its mark worldwide. A list of English language writers from Pakistan is given here, listing some of the better known literary figures.
The Number of the Beast

***The Number of the Beast*** is the third album by British heavy metal band Iron Maiden. It was released on 22 March 1982. It was the band's first album that Bruce Dickinson sang for. _The Number of the Beast_ made Iron Maiden famous worldwide. The songs in the album have many different subjects, such as war, history and films. The album had two singles: "Run to the Hills" and "The Number of the Beast". The album was number one on the UK Albums music chart. It also went into the top 40 on the _Billboard_ 200 chart.

## Musicians

People who were in Iron Maiden when the album was recorded.

- Steve Harris - Bass guitar
- Bruce Dickinson - Singing
- Dave Murray - Electric guitar
- Adrian Smith - Electric guitar
- Clive Burr - Percussion

## Satanism

Some religious groups in the United States said that the members of Iron Maiden are Satanists and that the album promotes Satanism to listeners. Some people even burned copies of "The Number of the Beast". Bruce Dickinson said it is not true.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Number of the Beast
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Iron Maiden
- **released**: 22 March 1982
- **recorded**: January – February 1982 at Battery Studios in London
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal
- **length**: 39:11
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: EMI (EMC 3400)
- **producer**: Martin Birch
- **prev title**: Killers (Iron Maiden album), Killers
- **prev year**: 1981
- **next title**: Piece of Mind
- **next year**: 1983
Beyoncé Karaoke Hits Vol. I

***Beyoncé Karaoke Hits Vol. I*** is a 2008 karaoke album by Beyoncé.

## Track list

1. If (Karaoke Version) - 3:18
1. Flaws and All (Karaoke Version) - 4:11
1. Welcome to Hollywood (Karaoke Version) - 3:22
1. World Wide Woman (Karaoke Version) - 3:43
1. Beautiful Liar (Bello Embustero) [Spanish Karaoke Version] - 3:22
1. Beautiful Liar (Spanglish Karaoke Version) - 3:21
1. Irreplaceable Karaoke Version - 3:49
1. Listen (Oye) [Spanish Karaoke Version] - 3:42

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Beyoncé Karaoke Hits Vol. I
- **longtype**: Karaoke album
- **artist**: Beyoncé
- **released**: March 11, 2008
- **recorded**: 2006-2007
- **genre**: R&B
- **length**: 29:20
- **language**: English/Spanish
- **label**: Sony BMG Music Entertainment
- **prev title**: The Beyoncé Experience: Live
- **prev year**: 2007
- **next title**: Love Letters
- **next year**: 2008
The Pink Panther (2006 movie)

***The Pink Panther*** is a 2006 American comedy movie. It is an adaptation of **the Pink Panther** movie series. In this movie, Inspector Jacques Clouseau (Steve Martin) is assigned to solve the murder of a famous soccer coach and the theft of the famous Pink Panther diamond.

This movie also stars Kevin Kline, Beyoncé Knowles, and Jean Reno.

This movie has a sequel, _The Pink Panther 2_.

## Cast

- Steve Martin - Inspector Jacques Clouseau
- Jean Reno - Gendarme Gilbert Ponton
- Kevin Kline - Chief Inspector Charles Dreyfus
- Emily Mortimer - Nicole
- Beyoncé Knowles - Xania
- Henry Czerny - Yuri the Trainer Who Trains
- Jason Statham - Yves Gluant
- Kristin Chenoweth - Cherie
- William Abadie - Bizu
- Scott Adkins - Jacquard
- Dexter Bell - Terry Ahkee-Sauce
- Clive Owen - Nigel Boswell/Agent 006 (uncredited)
- Paul Korda - Pierre Fuquet (uncredited)
- Charlotte Maier - Dialect Coach

## Related pages

- The Pink Panther, about the series of movies

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Pink Panther
- **director**: Shawn Levy
- **producer**: Robert Simonds
- **writer**: **Screenplay:**
Len Blum
Steve Martin
**Story:**
Michael Saltzman
Len Blum
- **starring**: Steve Martin
Kevin Kline
Beyoncé Knowles
Jean Reno
Kristin Chenoweth
- **distributor**: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
 Columbia Pictures
- **released**: February 10, 2006
- **runtime**: 93 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: US dollar, $80 million
Carmen: A Hip Hopera

***Carmen: A Hip Hopera*** is an 2001 musical movie produced for television by MTV and directed by Robert Townsend. The movie stars Beyoncé Knowles, Mos Def, Rah Digga, Wyclef Jean, Mekhi Phifer, Da Brat, Joy Bryant, Jermaine Dupri and Lil' Bow Wow. It is based upon Georges Bizet's opera, _Carmen_, set in Philadelphia and Los Angeles in modern times, and features a mostly original hip-hop/R&B score in place of Bizet's opera.

The movie received mainly negative reviews. To date, it is the second major attempt at an African-American adaptation of the opera, the first being the 1943 Broadway musical _Carmen Jones_ and its 1954 Academy Award nominated and box office hit movie adaptation.

## Cast

- Carmen Brown: Beyoncé Knowles
- Derek Hill: Mekhi Phifer
- Caela: Reagan Gomez-Preston
- Lieutenant Miller: Mos Def
- Cellmate 1: Bow Wow
- Cellmate 2: Jermaine Dupri
- Blaze: Casey Lee
- Rasheeda: Rashia "Rah Digga" Battle
- Nikki: Joy Bryant
- Fortune Teller: Wyclef Jean

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Carmen: A Hip Hopera
- **director**: Robert Townsend
- **producer**: Graig Hutchison
- **writer**: Michael Elliot
- **starring**: Beyoncé Knowles
 Mekhi Phifer
  Mos Def
  Rah Digga
  Wyclef Jean
Lil' Bow Wow
Da Brat
Casey Lee
Jermaine Dupri
Reagan Gomez-Preston
- **music**: Kip Collins
Mister Rogers' Neighborhood

***Mister Rogers' Neighborhood*** (shortened ***Mister Rogers*** and Commonwealth spelling ***Mister Rogers' Neighbourhood***) is an American half-hour educational children's television series that was created and hosted by Fred Rogers, it was aimed primarily at preschool children ages 2 to 5, but it was labeled by PBS as "appropriate for all ages". _Mister Rogers' Neighborhood_ was produced by Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, American public broadcaster WQED  and Rogers' non-profit production company Family Communications, Inc.  (named Small World Enterprises until 1971). It is the longest running series on PBS. The series is currently seen in reruns on many PBS stations. After Mister Rogers' absence, an animated spinoff television series _Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood_ starts aired on September 7, 2012.

The program starred Fred Rogers, David Newell as Mr. McFeely, Betty Aberlin as Lady Aberlin, Don Brockett as Chef Brockett, François Clemmons as Officer Clemmons, Bob Trow as Bob Dog and Joe Negri as Handyman Negri.

## Other websites

- PBS Kids: Official Site

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Mister Rogers' Neighborhood Logo 1971.svg
- **genre**: Children's television series, Children
Dorothy Bush Koch

**Dorothy Walker Bush Koch**, often called "Doro," (born August 18, 1959), is the daughter of the 41st President of the United States George H. W. Bush and former First Lady of the United States Barbara Bush. Her siblings are George W. Bush, the 43rd President, Jeb Bush, former Governor of Florida, Neil Bush, Marvin Bush, and the late Robin Bush, who died of leukemia in 1953.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dorothy Bush Koch
- **image**: Doro bush koch 2006.jpg
- **imagesize**: 175px
- **caption**: Dorothy Bush Koch at the 2006 Texas Book Festival.
- **birth place**: Texas
- **education**: Bachelor of Arts (Boston College)
- **spouse**: William LeBlond (1982–1990)
 Bobby Koch, Robert P. Koch (1992–present)
- **children**: Sam and Ellie (LeBlond)
 Robert and Gigi (Koch)
- **parents**: George H. W. Bush and Barbara Bush
- **relatives**: George W. Bush (brother)
 Pauline Robinson Bush (sister)
 John Ellis "Jeb" Bush (brother)
 Neil Mallon Bush (brother)
 Marvin Bush (brother)
Albert Rosellini

**Albert Dean Rosellini** (born January 21, 1910 in Tacoma, Washington; died October 10, 2011 in Seattle, Washington) was a lawyer from the U.S. state of Washington. Rosellini was part of the Democratic Party and was the Governor of Washington (1957–1965) for two terms.

Rosellini died of pneumonia. At the time of his death, he was the oldest living person to have been a governor of a U.S. state, having lived longer than any other State Governor in US history, and was the first Italian American Catholic to become a governor of a state west of the Mississippi River. He was called "Taxellini" by people who did not think he was doing a good job as a governor, while he was called "The Gov." by people who did think he was doing a good job.

## Infobox (_governor)

- **image**: Albert D. Rosellini.jpg
- **name**: Albert Rosellini
- **order**: 15th
- **office**: Governor of Washington
- **term start**: 1957
- **term end**: 1965
- **predecessor**: Arthur Langlie
- **successor**: Daniel J. Evans
- **birth date**: January 21, 1910
- **birth place**: Tacoma, Washington, United States
- **death date**: October 10, 2011 (aged 101)
- **death place**: Seattle, Washington, United States
- **profession**: Lawyer
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat