Machu Picchu

**Machu Picchu** is a pre-Columbian 15th-century Inca site in Peru, in South America.

The Incas built the city on an Andes mountain ridge, 2430m above sea level. They lived there between 1200 and 1450 AD. Other people lived there before about 650 AD.

The Incas built houses, fields and temples by cutting the rock on the mountain so it was flat. They built some observatories to look at the stars.

When the Spanish invaded Peru, the Incas left Machu Picchu. Nobody knows for sure why they did that, but some think it was because of diseases from Europe (such as smallpox). The city was left unfinished, most likely due to the Spanish invasion and/or a civil war between the ruling rival Inca brothers named Huascar and Atahualpa. The Spanish never found Machu Picchu or the lost city during their occupation.

Machu Picchu is very difficult to get to because it is so high in the mountains. It has only one way in and a stone wall to protect it. Most people on Earth did not know it was there until a Yale graduate named Hiram Bingham rediscovered it in 1911. He heard rumors of a hidden city which was already known to the native Peruvians, who guided him there. He led a restoration project that was partly funded by the National Geographic Society. Bingham made a deal with the government to take artifacts to the Peabody Museum for study. Peru is still trying to have those artifacts returned to them.

Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian Historical Sanctuary in 1981 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. In 2007, Machu Picchu was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in a worldwide Internet poll.

Today, there is a new road so that tourists can visit. People can also walk along the Inca Trail, or take a train from Cusco.

## Facts

In the Quechua Indian language, “Machu Picchu” means “Old Peak” or “Old Mountain.”

Machu Picchu is made up of more than 150 buildings ranging from baths and houses to temples and sanctuaries.

There are more than 100 separate flights of stairs. Most of the individual staircases were carved from one slab of stone.

## Other websites

- Official website of the Ministry of Culture of Peru
- UNESCO – Machu Picchu (World Heritage)
- Machu Picchu Multimedia Resources
- Stories on Machu Picchu by Fernando Astete, former Chief of National Archaeological Park of Machupicchu
- Plants and animals in Machu Picchu

**Images**
- First photographs of Hiram Bingham in Machu Picchu
- Archive of Fernando Astete, former Chief of the National Archaeological Park of Machupicchu

## Infobox (ancient site)

- **name**: Machu Picchu
- **image**: 80 - Machu Picchu - Juin 2009 - edit.2.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: Machu Picchu in June 2009
- **map type**: Peru
- **relief**: yes
- **map alt**: Map showing location of Machu Picchu in Peru
- **location**:
Cusco Region
- **built**: c. 1450
- **abandoned**: 1572
- **cultures**: Inca civilization
- **archaeologists**: Hiram Bingham III, Hiram Bingham
- **designation1**: WHS
- **designation1 offname**: Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu
- **designation1 date**: 1983 <small>(7th World Heritage Committee, session)</small>
- **designation1 number**: [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/274 274]
- **designation1 criteria**: i, iii, vii, ix
- **designation1 type**: Mixed
- **designation1 free1name**: State Party
- **designation1 free2name**: Region
- **designation1 free2value**: List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas, Latin America and the Caribbean