juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
324

#### Roman Empire

- July 3 – Battle of Adrianople: Emperor Constantine the Great defeats his rival Licinius near Adrianople.  They retreat to Byzantium. He invades Thrace with a Visgothic force and raids the countryside.
- July – Battle of Hellespont: Crispus, destroys Licinius' naval fleet in the Dardanelles.
- September 18 – Battle of Chrysopolis: Constantine I defeats Licinius at Chrysopolis.  He becomes sole Emperor.
- December 19 – Licinius gives up his position as Emperor.

### Religion

- St Peter's Church is founded in Rome.
- Eustathius becomes bishop of Antioch.

## Births

- Chu Suanzi, empress of the Jin Dynasty (d. 384)

## Deaths

- December 20 – Philogonus, Patriarch of Antioch
- Guo Pu, Chinese writer (b. 276)
- Wang Dun, general of the Jin Dynasty (b. 266)
- Zhang Mao, ruler of Former Liang (b. 277)
339

#### Roman Empire

- Emperor Constantius II goes to his territory in the East. Persia under king Shapur II is attacking Mesopotamia. For the next 11 years the two powers battle with no real winner.

#### Religion

- Pope Julius I gives refuge at Rome to Athanasius.
- Eusebius of Nicomedia is made bishop of Constantinople.  Another Arian becomes bishop of Alexandria.

## Births

- Aurelius Ambrosius, bishop of Milan (approximate date)
- He Fani, empress of the Jin Dynasty (d. 404)
- Shi Shi, emperor of the Jie state Later Zhao (d. 349)

## Deaths

- Abaye, Babylonian amora
- Eusebius of Caesarea, bishop and first church historian (approximate date)
- Shemon Bar Sabbae, bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
- Wang Dao, statesman of the Jin Dynasty (b. 276)
Opéra de Monte-Carlo

The **Opéra de Monte-Carlo** (Salle Garnier) is an opera house in Monaco. It was built in the 1870s by Prince Charles III of Monaco and the Société des bains de mer de Monaco.  Building was directed by the architect Charles Garnier, who also designed the Palais Garnier in Paris. The Monaco Opera House similar to the Paris Opera House. It seats 524 people. It is in the Belle Époque style. It was opened on 25 January 1879. The house was renovated between 2004 and 2005.

## Other websites

- Opéra de Monte-Carlo
238

__NOTOC__
Year **238** (**CCXXXVIII**) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Emperor Maximinus Thrax battles against the Carpians on the Danube in Moesia (Balkans).
- March 7 – Romans in Africa go against Maximinus and elect Marcus Antonius Gordianus (Africanus) as emperor.
- April 12 – Battle of Carthage: Numidian forces loyal to Maximinus invade Africa. Gordian II is killed.  Gordian I commits suicide.
- April 22 – Year of the Six Emperors: The Senate outlaws Maximinus. Pupienus and Balbinus go to the throne.
- Maximinus gets to the town Aquileia in northern Italy. His army has famine and disease.
- July 29 – The Praetorian Guard kill Pupienus and Balbinus. On the same day Gordian III, age 13, is made new emperor.
- Future Roman Emperor Valerian becomes _princeps senatus_.
- The Colosseum is restored after being damaged.
- The Goths, coming from Ukraine, cross the Danube and ruin the Roman Empire up to the border with Anatolia.

#### Asia

- The Cao Wei general Sima Yi destroys the northeastern Chinese warlord Gongsun Yuan.

## Births

- Empress Yang Yan, first wife of Emperor Wu (d. 274)
- Wen Yang, general of the Kingdom of Wei (d. 291)

## Deaths

- April 12 – Roman emperors Gordian I (suicide) and Gordian II (killed in battle)
- June 24 – Maximinus Thrax, Roman Emperor (b. 173)
- Maximinus the Younger, Roman Emperor
- July 29 – Pupienus and Balbinus, Roman Emperors
- Gongsun Yuan, warlord of Liaodong
- Lun Zhi, general of Liaodong
- Jia Fan, advisor Liaodong
- Chosroes I, King of Armenia (assassinated)
209

__NOTOC__

**209** (**CCIX**) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Publius Septimius Geta gets the titles of Imperator and Augustus from his father, emperor Septimius Severus.
- Severus plans to take the land north of Scotland. The Roman army reaches Aberdeen. The Scottish tribes begin guerrilla warfare against the Romans.

#### Asia

- In India, beginning of the reign of Chandashri, Satavahana king of the Andhra.

## Births

- Guan Lu (d. 256)
- Sun Deng, eldest son of Sun Quan (d. 241)
- Xiahou Xuan, minister of  Wei, son of Xiahou Shang (d. 254)

## Deaths

- Chen Lan, general under Yuan Shu
- Jin Xuan
- Liu Qi, son of Liu Biao
- Saint Alban (possible death date)
205

__NOTOC__
Year **205** (**CCV**) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus and his brother Publius Septimius Geta Caesar become Roman Consuls.
- Hadrian's Wall is fixed.
- Gaius Fulvius Plautianus, praetorian prefect and father-in-law of Caracalla, is killed.
- Aemilius Papinianus becomes praetorian prefect.

#### Asia

- Cao Cao defeats and kills Yuan Tan, the eldest son of his rival Yuan Shao, in the Battle of Nanpi

## Births

- Cao Rui, second emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (d. 239)
- Sima Wang, general of Wei and the Jin Dynasty (d. 271)
- Shan Tao, Chinese taoist (d. 283)
- Plotinus (according to his student Porphyry) (d. 270)
- Xin Xianying, daughter of Xin Pi (d. 284)

## Deaths

- Guo Tu, advisor under Yuan Shao
- Yuan Tan, eldest son of Yuan Shao
197

__NOTOC__
Year **197** (**CXCVII**) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- February 19 – Battle of Lugdunum: Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Decimus Clodius Albinus at Lugdunum (modern Lyon).
- Septimius Severus returns to Rome.  He has about 30 of Albinus's supporters in the Senate killed.
- Septimius Severus forms new naval units.
- The Roman army goes east to stop a Parthian invasion of Mesopotamia. They loot the royal palace at Ctesiphon and take many people as slaves.

#### Arts and sciences

- Galen's major work on medicines, _Pharmacologia_, is published.

#### Religion

- A Christian council is held in Edessa.

## Births

- Deng Ai, Wei general (d. 264)

## Deaths

- February 19 – Clodius Albinus, rival for Roman Emperor (b. 150)
- Cao Ang, first son of Cao Cao (b. 175)
- Cao Anmin, nephew of Cao Cao
- Dian Wei, bodyguard to warlord Cao Cao
- Guo Si, general under Dong Zhuo  (b. 146)
- Huche'er, general under Zhang Xiu
- Li Jue, general under Dong Zhuo
- Liang Gang, general under Yuan Shu
- Qiao Rui, general during the Han Dynasty
- Yue Jiu, general during the Han Dynasty
218

__NOTOC__
Year **218** (**CCXVIII**) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- May 16 – Elagabalus, age 14, is made emperor of Rome.
- June 8 – Battle of Antioch: Elagabalus defeats the forces of Macrinus.
- Diadumenianus, son of Macrinus, escapes to the Parthian court.  He is captured at Zeugma and also put to death.

## Births

- Gallienus, later Roman emperor (d. 268)

## Deaths

- June
    - Macrinus, Roman emperor (b. 165)
    - Diadumenian, son of Macrinus
- Gan Ning (approximate date) (b. 175)
- Han Hao, general under Cao Cao
- Jin Yi, minister of Han Dynasty
- Lei Tong
- Yue Jin, commander under Cao Cao
239

__NOTOC__
Year **239** (**CCXXXIX**) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

#### China

- In the Chinese Kingdom of Wei, Wei Qi Wang succeeds Cao Rui (Wei Ming Di).
- Chinese discover the island of Taiwan.

#### Religion

- Origen publishes the Old Testament in five languages.

## Deaths

- January 22 – Cao Rui (Wei Ming Di), emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (b. 205)
- Pan Jun, official of Wu
311

#### Roman Empire

- May 5 – Emperor Galerius says there is religious freedom .  He issues his Edict of Toleration, ending persecution of Christians in the Eastern part of the Roman Empire. He dies at age 51.
- Maximinus II divides the Eastern Empire. He starts to persecute Christians again.
- Maxentius, Roman usurper, takes the African provinces from Domitius Alexander.
- Maxentius builds the Circus of Maxentius near the Via Appia.
- December 3 – Diocletianus dies in Split, Croatia.

#### China

- Jin Huaidi, emperor of the Jin Dynasty, is captured at Luoyang. The capital city is looted by Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state (Huns).

#### Religion

- July 2 – Pope Miltiades succeeds Pope Eusebius as the 32nd pope.
- The Donatist split occurs in the African church.

## Deaths

- Domitius Alexander, Roman usurper (approximate date)
- December 3 – Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, Roman Emperor
- May 5 – Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus, Roman emperor
- November 25 – Saint Peter, Patriarch of Alexandria (martyred)
- Sima Yue, prince and regent of the Jin Dynasty
241

__NOTOC__
Year **241** (**CCXLI**) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Winter – Emperor Gordian III reaches Antioch.  He gets his army ready to fight against the Persians.
- Timesitheus becomes Praetorian Prefect

#### Persia

- Shapur I succeeds his father Ardashir I as king of Persia.
- The ancient city of Bagram (Afghanistan) is abandoned.
- Shapur I adds parts of the Kushan Empire.

#### Europe

- November 1 – The Battle of Samhain is fought in Ireland.

## Births

- Cao Mao, emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (possible date) (d. 260)

## Deaths

- Ardashir I, first ruler of the Sassanid dynasty
- Zhuge Jin, minister of the Chinese Kingdom of Wu, older brother of Zhuge Liang (b. 174)
- Sun Deng, eldest son of Sun Quan (b. 209)
243

__NOTOC__
Year **243** (**CCXLIII**) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Battle of Resaena: A Roman army under Timesitheus defeats the Persians at Resaena (Syria). King Shapur I must run away to the Euphrates.
- Timesitheus becomes ill and dies under suspicious circumstances. Shapur I goes back to Persia.
- Emperor Gordian III picks Philip the Arab as his new praetorian prefect.

## Births

- Sun Liang, emperor of the Chinese Kingdom of Wu (d. 260)

## Deaths

- Gu Yong, minister of Wu (b. 168)
- Kan Ze, advisor of Wu
- Timesitheus, advisor and praetorian prefect (b. 190)
313

#### Roman Empire

- February 3 – Edict of Milan: Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius give religious freedom for all.  They end the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.
- Emperor Maximinus II fights at Bosphorus.
- April 30 – Battle of Tzirallum: Licinius defeats his rival Maximinus II.  He becomes Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire. Maximinus runs away to Nicomedia and commits suicide.

#### Asia

- March 14 – Emperor Jin Huidi is killed by Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao).
- Crown prince Jin Mindi, age 13, becomes the new emperor of the Jin Dynasty.

#### Art

- Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (Basilica Nova), Rome, is finished.

#### Religion

- Constantine I and Licinius accept Christianity.
- October 2 – Lateran Synod: Donatism is made a heresy.
- Arius preaches of the human nature of Jesus.

## Births

- Didymus the Blind, Alexandrian theologian (approximate date)
- Shi Hong, emperor of the Chinese Jie state (d. 334)

## Deaths

- Achillas, Patriarch of Alexandria
- Dowager Zhang, empress of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao)
- March 14 – Jin Huidi, Chinese emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 284)
- Maximinus II, Roman Emperor (b. 270)
- Zhang Huiguang, empress of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao)
217

__NOTOC__

**217** (**CCXVII**) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- April 8 – Caracalla is killed by his legionaries near Edessa. Marcus Opellius Macrinus head of the Praetorian Guard, calls himself Roman emperor.
- Summer – Battle of Nisibis: The Roman army is defeated in a three days battle by the Parthians at Nisibis (southern Turkey).
- King Artabanus IV signs a peace treaty with Rome.
- Macrinus, of Mauritania, becomes the first equestrian Roman emperor.
- Empress Julia kills herself.
- The Colosseum is badly damaged by fire.  It destroys the wooden upper levels of the amphitheater.

#### Religion

- December 20 – The papacy of Zephyrinus ends. Callixtus I is elected as the sixteenth pope. Hippolytus says he should not be Pope.
- Hippolytus begins his "pontificate" as antipope.
- Ciriacus succeeds Philadelphus as Patriarch of Constantinople.

## Births

- Fu Xuan, Chinese poet (d. 278)
- Hua He, minister under the Kingdom of Wu (d. 279)
- Jia Chong, general of the Jin Dynasty (d. 282)
- Empress Dowager Wang Yuanji, wife of Sima Zhao (d. 268)

## Deaths

- April 8 – Caracalla, Roman Emperor (assassinated) (b. 188)
- Julia Domna, Roman Empress (suicide) (b. 170)
- December 20 – Pope Zephyrinus
- Chen Lin, minister of Han Dynasty
- Lu Su, advisor to Sun Quan, sympathetic to Liu Bei (b. 172)
- Wang Can, Chinese poet, scholar, and statesman of Cao Wei (b. 177)
- Sima Lang, official of Han Dynasty (b. 171)
470 BC

__NOTOC__
Year **470 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

#### Greece

- Pausanias hides in the Temple of Athena of the Brazen House to escape arrest. The Spartans wall in the sanctuary and starve Pausanias to death.

#### Architecture

- The construction of the Temple of Zeus, begins at Olympia, Greece.

#### Art

- The _Charioteer_, in the Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi, is created.  It was for a victory in the Pythian Games of 478 or 474 BC (approximate date). It is now kept at the Delphi Archaeological Museum.
- Pan Painter makes a "bell krater" (an earthenware piece that is used to mix water and wine) which has a red-figure decoration of _Artemis slaying Actaeon_. It is now kept at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston (approximate date).

## Births

- Aspasia of Miletus, mistress of Pericles of Athens (d. c. 400 BC)
- Mozi, Chinese philosopher (d. c. 390 BC)

## Deaths

- Pausanias, Spartan commander during the Greco-Persian Wars
411 BC

__NOTOC__
Year **411 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

#### Greece

- The democracy of Athens is overthrown.  A "Council of Four Hundred" is set up. * Phrynichus, the leader of the extremists, is killed. The traditional constitution is put back.
- The Athenian navy under Thrasybulus calls Alcibiades back from Sardis.

#### Literature

- Euripides' play _Iphigeneia in Tauris_ is performed.
- Aristophanes' plays _Lysistrata_ and _Women Celebrating the Thesmophoria_ are performed.

## Births

- Timoleon, Greek statesman and general (approximate date) (d. 337 BC)

## Deaths

- Antiphon, Athenian politician and orator (b. 480 BC)
- Phrynicus, Athenian general (assassinated)
405 BC

__NOTOC__
Year **405 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

#### Greece

- The Athenian fleet follows the Spartan admiral, Lysander, to the Hellespont. The Athenian fleet is destroyed in the Battle of Aegospotami.
- The Spartan king Pausanias lays siege to Athens. Lysander's fleet blockades Piraeus. This starves Athens.
- Theramenes tries to negotiate with Lysander. He is away for three months.

#### Sicily

- Dionysius the Elder rises to power as the tyrant of Syracuse. He makes peace with the Carthaginian general. Carthage is in control of most of Sicily.
- Dionysius the Elder expands his power. He builds a wall around Syracuse. The Greek citizens of Naxos, Catana, and Leontini are removed from their cities. Many of them are made slaves.

#### Drama

- Aristophanes' play The Frogs is performed.
- Euripides' _The Bacchae_ and _Iphigeneia at Aulis_ are performed at the Dionysia and win first prize.

#### Art

- The _Erechtheum_, which includes _The Porch of Maidens_ (Caryatid Porch), is completed in the Ionian style on the Acropolis in Athens after 16 years of building.

## Deaths

- Philolaus, Greek mathematician and philosopher (approximate date) (b. c. 480 BC)
570s BC

## Events and trends

- 579 BC—Servius Tullius succeeds Lucius Tarquinius Priscus as the sixth King of Rome.
- 575 BC—Ishtar Gate and throne room wall, from Babylon (Iraq) is made. It is now at Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Vorderasiatisches Museum.
- 575 BC—Battle of Yanling in China, the army of the State of Jin defeats the forces of the State of Chu in ancient Henan province.
- 575 BC–550 BC—Temples and public buildings begin to be in Rome. Main temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus is built.
- 573 BC—Nemean Games founded at Nemea.
- 572 BC—Death of Zhou jian wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
- 571 BC-On 25 November Servius Tullius, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
- 571 BC—Zhou ling wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
- 570 BC—Amasis II succeeds Apries as king of Egypt.
- c. 570 BC—François Vase, black figure decoration on a volute krater, is made by potter—Ergotimos and painter—Kleitias. It is now at Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence, Italy.
- 570 BC–560 BC—Berlin Kore, from a cemetery at Keratea, near Athens, is made. It is now at Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Antikensammlung.
- c. 570 BC-Death of Sappho.

## Significant people

- 576 BC—Birth of Cyrus the Great, later King of Anshan, and architect of the Persian Empire.
- 570 BC—Birth of Xenophanes
- c.570 BC—Birth of Pythagoras on the island of Samos, mathematician (d. c. 475 BC)
- Ergotimos—potter
- Kleitias—painter
473 BC

__NOTOC__
Year **473 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

#### China

- The State of Wu is added by the State of Yue.

#### Japan

- The Hikawa Shrine is formed in Saitama, Saitama.

## Deaths

- King Fuchai of Wu, the last king of Wu in Zhou Dynasty China
350

#### Roman Empire

- January 18 – Emperor Constans I is very unliked. Magnus Magnentius is made emperor at Autun (Gaul).
- January – Constans I runs away to Spain.  He is killed. Magnentius rules the Western Roman Empire.  He is nicer to Christians and Pagans.
- March 1 – Vetranio is asked by Constantina to make himself Caesar. Constantius accepts the new emperor.
- June 3 – Iulius Nepotianus, Roman usurper, calls himself "emperor".  He enters Rome with a group of gladiators.
- June 30 – Nepotianus is defeated and killed by Marcellinus.
- December 25 – Vetranio meets Constantius II at Naissus (Serbia). He is forced to give up his title.

#### Asia

- About this time the Huns begin to invade the Sassanid Empire.
- The city of Anbar (Iraq) is founded by king Shapur II.
- The Wei-Jie war breaks out in North China.

#### Art

- The church of Santa Constanza in Rome is finished.

## Births

- Honoratus, archbishop of Arles (approximate date)
- Hypatia of Alexandria, female Neoplatonist philosopher (approximate date)
- Murong Wei, emperor of the Xianbei state Former Yan (d. 385)
- Plutarch of Athens, Greek philosopher (approximate date)
- Theodore of Mopsuestia, bishop and theologian (approximate date)
- Zhang Xuanjing, ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang (d. 363)

## Deaths

- Constans I, Roman Emperor
- Eutropia, mother of Nepotianus
- June 30 – Nepotianus, Roman usurper
- Shi Jian, emperor of the Jie state Later Zhao
372

#### Roman Empire

- Emperor Valentinian I is against the Alamanni, Quadi and  Sarmatians. His subordinates are dealing with Firmus,  Roman usurper, in Africa and the Picts in Britain.

#### Europe

- The Huns attack the Tervingi on the Dniester.

#### China

- Sixteen Kingdoms: Jin Feidi is dethroned as emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He is replaced by Jin Jianwendi.
- September 12 – Jin Xiaowudi, age 10, succeeds his father Jin Jianwendi. Empress Chu Suanzi serves as regent.
- The first diplomatic ties are made between the Korean kingdom of Baekje and the Chinese court of the Jin Dynasty.

#### Arts and sciences

- The national academy of Chinese learning, called Taehak, is made in the kingdom of Goguryeo (Korea).

#### Religion

- Gregory of Nyssa becomes bishop.
- Buddhism is the official religion of Gorguryeo.
- Saint Augustine adopts Manichaeism.
- Valentinian I bans Manichaean meetings.

## Births

- Pei Songzhi, Chinese historian (d. 451)

## Deaths

- Jin Jianwendi, emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 320)
- Maximus of Ephesus, Greek Neoplatonist philosopher
- Sabbas the Goth, Christian reader and saint (b. 334)
376

#### Roman Empire

- Gothic War: Emperor Valens lets the Visigothic chieftain Fritigern and his people cross the Danube from Thrace.  They can live in Lower Moesia if they provide soldiers to the legions.
- The Greuthungi, led by Alatheus and Saphrax, ask for help from the Roman Empire. They are refused.
- The Romans fail to disarm the Visigoths. The Goths break out of their containment area along the Danube.  They go south towards the region near Marcianople (Bulgaria).
- Lupicinus, _Comes_ (Count) of Thrace, tries to bring the Visigoths back under control. He invites Fritigern and the Gothic leaders to a banquet.  During the feast Lupicinus tries to kill the Gothics. Fritigern escapes.
- Lupicinus attacks the Visigoths.  His force (5,000 men) is defeated. The Goths get Roman armour and weapons. Fritigern marches south towards Adrianople (Turkey).
- Winter – Fritigern tries to siege Adrianople.

#### China

- Zhang Tianxi, ruler of Former Liang, submits to Fu Jiān of Former Qin, thus ending the state of Former Liang. Zhang is made "Marquess of Guiyi".
- China is divided between the Former Qin in the north and the Eastern Jin in the south.

## Births

- Cyril of Alexandria, patrairch and theologian (d. 444)

## Deaths

- Ermanaric, king of the Gothic Greuthungi
- Theodosius the Elder, Roman general
- Tuoba Shiyijian, prince of the Tuoba Dai (b. 320)
- Yuan Hong, historian and politician of the Jin Dynasty (b. 328)
385

## Events

- Jinsa of Baekje becomes the 16th king of the ancient Korean kingdom of Baekje.
- Copper extraction and casting begins in the mines of Kansanshi in southernmost Africa.
- Ammianus Marcellinus begins writing a history covering the years 96 to 378.
- The Serapeum in Alexandria is destroyed.
- Aurelios Zopyros becomes the last reported athlete at the Ancient Olympic Games.

## Births

- Avitus, Western Roman Emperor
- Murong Chao, emperor of the Xianbei state Southern Yan
- Murong Xi, emperor of the Xianbei state Later Yan
- Saint Patrick, missionary in Ireland
- Paulus Orosius, historian and theologian
- Xie Lingyun, Chinese poet of the Southern and Northern Dynasties

## Deaths

- Aelia Flaccilla, Roman empress and wife of Theodosius I
- Chimnyu, king of Baekje (Korea)
- Dao An, Buddhist monk of the Jin Dynasty
- Fú Jiān, emperor of the Chinese Di state Former Qin
- Murong Wei, emperor of the Xianbei state Former Yan
294

__NOTOC__
Year **294** (**CCXCIV**) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Galerius, Roman Caesar in the Balkan, fights the Goths, Marcomanni, Sarmatians, and Carpi.
- Emperor Diocletian goes with the young Constantine I the Great to Egypt. He besieges Alexandria.  They take down "emperor" Achilleus.

#### Asia

- Tuoba Luguan succeeds his nepnew Tuoba Fu as chieftain of the Tuoba clan.

## Births

- Sima Bao, prince of the Jin Dynasty (d. 320)

## Deaths

- Tuoba Fu, chieftain of the Chinese Tuoba clan
334

#### Roman Empire

- Flavius Dalmatius stops a revolt in Cyprus led by Calocaerus. Calocaerus is brought to Tarsus (Cilicia) and killed.
- The Goths protect the Danube against the Vandals.
- Emperor Constantine the Great again starts gladiatorial combat.

#### China

- The barbarian king Che Hou rules in China. His sons try to kill him.  They are caught and killed.

## Births

- Huiyuan, Chinese Buddhist teacher and founder of the Donglin Temple (d. 416)
- Sabbas the Goth, Christian reader and saint (d. 372)
- Virius Nicomachus Flavianus, Roman historian and politician (d. 394)

## Deaths

- Calocaerus, Roman usurper
- Empress Dowager Cheng
- Li Ban, emperor of Chang Han (b. 288)
- Li Xiong, first emperor of Cheng Han (b. 274)
- Shi Hong, emperor of the Chinese Jie state (b. 313)
- Tao Kan, general of the Jin Dynasty (b. 259)
- Wei Huacun, founder of the Shangqing sect of Daoism (b. 252)
333

#### Roman Empire

- Flavius Dalmatius and Domitius Zenofilus become consuls.
- Calocaerus goes against Constantine I and calls himself Emperor.
- December 25 – Constantine I gives his youngest son Constans the rank of _Caesar_ at Constantinople.

#### China

- Shi Hong succeeds his father Shi Le as Emperor of the Later Zhao Empire, in the Period of the Sixteen Kingdoms.

## Births

- Saint Monica, Algerian Christian saint and mother of Augustine of Hippo (approximate date)

## Deaths

- Empress Liu
- Murong Hui, Xianbei chief and Duke Xiang of Liaodong (b. 269)
- Shi Le, founder and emperor of the Chinese Jie state (b. 274)
231

__NOTOC__
**231** (**CCXXXI**) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Emperor Alexander Severus fights against the Persians.

#### Asia

- Zhuge Liang starts the fourth of his Northern Expeditions against the state of Cao Wei.

#### Religion

- Origen, disciple of Ammonius Saccas, founder of Neoplatonism, is sent away to Caesarea.

## Births

- Cao Fang, Emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (d. 274)
- Sun Chen, regent of the Kingdom of Wu (d. 258)

## Deaths

- Cao Zhen, general of Kingdom of Wei (b. 185)
- Hua Xin, adviser of Kingdom of Wei (b. 157)
- Li Hui, minister of Kingdom of Shu
- Zhang He, military leader under Cao Cao (b. 167)
226

__NOTOC__
Year **226** (**CCXXVI**) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

#### Asia

- June 29 – Cao Pi dies.  His son Cao Rui becomes emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.
- King Ardashir I defeats Artabanus IV.  He is crowned "King of Kings" of the Persian Empire. This begins the 400 year-reign of the Sassanid Empire.
- The Empire of Parthia falls.

## Births

- Wang Bi, Chinese philosopher (d. 249)
- Lu Kang, son of Lu Xun (b. 274)

## Deaths

- June 29 – Cao Pi, Emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (China) (b. 187)
- Shi Xie, ruler of Jiaozhi (b. 137)
- Shi Hui, son of Shi Xie
- Shi Zhi,  eldest son of Shi Xie
- Artabanus IV, last ruler of the Parthian Empire
384

## Events

- Magnus Maximus returns to Britain to help them with the Barbarians raids.
- An edict of Theodosius I closes pagan temples in the Nile Valley.
- King Shapur III signs a treaty with Theodosius I. Armenia is divided in two kingdoms.
- December 17 – Pope Siricius succeeds Damasus I as the 38th pope.

## Births

- September 9 – Honorius, Roman Emperor
- Chu Lingyuan, last empress of the Jin Dynasty
- Maria, empress and daughter of Stilicho
- Sengzhao, Chinese Buddhist
- Wang Shen'ai, empress of the Jin Dynasty

## Deaths

- December 11 – Pope Damasus I
- Chu Suanzi, empress of the Jin Dynasty
- Geungusu, king of Baekje
- Murong Hong, founder of the Xianbei state Western Yan
266

__NOTOC__
Year **266** (**CCLXVI**) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- King Odaenathus of Palmyra invades Persia.  He takes the capital Ctesiphon. He gives himself with the title "king of kings".

#### Ireland

- The rule of High King Cormac mac Airt ends (approximate date).

## Births

- Wang Dun, general of the Jin Dynasty (d. 324)
277

__NOTOC__
Year **277** (**CCLXXVII**) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Emperor Probus travels with his army west across the Sea of Marmara (Turkey).  He defeats the Goths along the lower Danube.
- Probus enters Rome to get his title of Emperor approved by the Senate.

#### Asia

- Tuoba Xilu succeeds his father Tuoba Liwei as chieftain of the Tuoba clan.

## Births

- Sima Ai, prince of the Jin Dynasty (d. 304)
- Zhang Mao, ruler of Former Liang (d. 324)

## Deaths

- Tuoba Liwei, chieftain of the Tuoba clan (China)
349

#### Asia

- Emperor Shi Zun dies. His son Shi Jian succeeds him as emperor of the Jie state.
- The Mou-jong (proto-Mongols) take control of North China.

## Births

- John Chrysostom, archbishop of Constantinople (approximate date)

## Deaths

- Empress Liu, wife of emperor Shi Hu (b. 318)
- Shi Hu, emperor of the Jie state Later Zhao (b. 295)
- Shi Shi, emperor and brother of Shi Zun (b. 339)
- Shi Zun, emperor of the Jie state Later Zhao
- Wei Shuo, calligrapher of the Jin Dynasty (b. 272)
- Empress Zhang, wife of emperor Shi Zun
- Empress Zheng Yingtao, mother of emperor Shi Zun
291

__NOTOC__
Year **291** (**CCXCI**) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Emperor Diocletian signs peace treaties with the kingdoms of Aksum and Nubia.

#### China

- War of the Eight Princes: After the death of Emperor Sima Yan a civil war starts among the princes and dukes of the Jin Dynasty.

## Births

- Li Xiu, female general during the Jin Dynasty
- Saint Agnes, Christian martyress (d. c. 304)
- Saint Hilarion, anchorite and saint (d. 371)
- Saint Philomena, Christian martyress (d. c. 304)

## Deaths

- Sima Liang, regent during the rule of Sima Yan
- Sima Wei, prince during the Jin Dynasty (b. 271)
- Wei Guan, general of the Kingdom of Wei (b. 220)
- Wen Yang, general of the Kingdom of Wei  (b. 238)
- Yang Jun, official during the rule of Sima Yan
254

__NOTOC__
Year **254** (**CCLIV**) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Publius Licinius Valerianus Augustus and Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus become Roman Consuls.

#### Religion

- May 12 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I as the 23rd pope.

## Deaths

- Li Feng
- Xiahou Xuan, minister of Wei and son of Xiahou Shang (b. 209)
271

__NOTOC__
Year **271** (**CCLXXI**) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Emperor Aurelian pushes the Vandals back from Pannonia.
- January
    - Battle of Placentia: The Alamanni invade Italy.  They take the city of Piacenza.
    - Battle of Fano: The Alamanni move toward Rome. Aurelian defeats the Germanic tribes on the Metauro River.
- Battle of Pavia: The Roman army chase after the Alamanni in Lombardy.
- Felicissimus leads an uprising against Aurelian. He is defeated and killed on the Caelian Hill.
- Aurelian begins to build a new defensive wall to protect Rome.

#### Europe

- Victorinus, Emperor of the Gallic Empire, is killed by Attitianus. Domitianus is Emperor for a few days before being replaced by Tetricus I.

#### Syria

- Zenobia makes herself to be Empress.  She breaks all relations with the Roman Empire.
- Zenobia gives her son Vaballathus the title of Augustus.

#### Arts and sciences

- King Shapur I builds the Academy of Gundishapur (Iran).
- A magnetic compass is first used in China.

## Births

- Sima Wei, prince during the Jin Dynasty (d. 291)

## Deaths

- Ding Feng, general of the Kingdom of Wu
- Domitianus, Emperor of the Gallic Empire
- Felicissimus, Roman financial minister (_rationalis_)
- Liu Shan, last Emperor of the Kingdom of Shu (b. 207)
- Pei Xiu, minister and cartographer of the Kingdom of Wei (b. 224)
- Sima Wang, general of the Jin Dynasty (b. 205)
- Victorinus, Emperor of the Gallic Empire
283

__NOTOC__
Year **283** (**CCLXXXIII**) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Emperor Carus travels through Thrace and Asia Minor. He invades Syria and Mesopotamia.
- Carus gets the title of _Persicus Maximus_.
- Carus dies.  During a violent dust storm he is killed by a stroke of lightning.
- Marcus Aurelius Carinus succeeds his father Carus.
- December – Numerian is made Emperor by his soldiers.

#### Religion

- December 17 – Pope Caius succeeds Pope Eutychian as the 28th pope.

## Births

- Eusebius of Vercelli, bishop and saint (approximate date)
- Ge Hong, Chinese taoist and government official (d. 343)

## Deaths

- December 7 – Pope Eutychian
- Marcus Aurelius Carus, Roman emperor (b. 224)
- Shan Tao, Chinese taoist (b. 205)
270

__NOTOC__
Year **270** (**CCLXX**) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Emperor Claudius II Gothicus dies.  He is succeeded by his brother Quintillus.
- Quintillus commits suicide.  He is succeeded by Lucius Domitius Aurelianus.
- Aurelianus pushes the Goths back across the Danube and recovers Roman land.
- The Romans leave Utrecht because the Germanic tribes keep fighting.
- Crisis of the Third Century: An economic crisis starts in the Roman empire.

#### Technology

- The Chinese invent gunpowder. At first, it appears to be used only for fireworks.

## Births

- November 20 – Maximinus II, Roman Emperor
- Nicholas of Myra (Santa Claus) (d. 343)
- Rabbah bar Nahmani, Babylonian 'amora
- Saint Spyridon, bishop of Trimythous (d. 348)

## Deaths

- St. Valentine (executed by Claudius II) (Possible year)
- Claudius II, Roman Emperor (b. 213)
- Quintillus, Roman emperor
- Plotinus, father of Neo-Platonism (b. c. 205) (approximate date)
- Jingu of Japan, possibly legendary empress of Japan
- Luo Xian, general of the Kingdom of Shu
- Qiao Zhou, minister of the Kingdom of Shu (b. 201)
264

__NOTOC__

**264** (**CCLXIV**) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

#### Asia

- Jiang Wei tries to restore the Kingdom of Shu.  He wants Zhong Hui to have a rebellion against Sima Zhao, ruler of Cao Wei.
- Sun Hao succeeds Sun Xiu as ruler of the Chinese Kingdom of Wu.

## Deaths

- Deng Ai, general of the Cao Wei
- Deng Zhong, general of Wei, son of famed general Deng Ai (b. 230)
- Jiang Wei, general of Shu Han, grand commander and strategist, and foster son of Zhuge Liang (b. 202)
- Liao Hua, general of Shu
- Sima Zhao, general of Wei, son of Sima Yi (b. 211)
- Sun Xiu, Emperor of Eastern Wu (b. 235)
- Zhang Bu, general of Wu
- Zhang Yi, general of Shu
- Zhong Hui, general of Wei (b. 225)
150

__NOTOC__
Year **150** (**CL**) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

#### Europe

- The Roman town Forum Hadriani gets the title of "the town of the Cananefates".  The town is allowed to have markets.
- The Germans of the east move south, into the Carpathians and Black Sea area.
- The Albani appear in the Roman province of Macedon.

#### Asia

- First and only year of _Heping_ of the Chinese Han Dynasty.

#### Americas

- The Middle Culture period of Mayan civilization ends (approximate date).
- The Great Pyramid of the Sun is built in Teotihuacan.  It is the tallest pre-Columbian building in the Americas.

#### Religion

- Marcion of Sinope makes his bible canon.  It has versions of the Gospel of Luke and ten Pauline letters (approximate date).

#### Arts and sciences

- The earliest atlas (Ptolemy's _Geography_) is made (approximate date).
- Completion of Ptolemy's monumental work _Almagest_. The geocentric cosmology is followed for 1,400 years.
- Antoninus Liberalis writes a work on mythology (approximate date).
- Paper, made in China, arrives in Transoxiana.

## Births

- Monoimus, Arab gnostic (approximate date)
- Nagarjuna, founder of Mahayana "Great Vehicle" (approximate date)
- Zhang Zhongjing, Chinese physician (d. 219)
- Yufuluo (d. 196)

## Deaths

- Aśvaghoṣa, Indian poet (approximate date)
- Empress Liang Na, wife of Emperor Shun of Han (b. 116)
165

__NOTOC__
Year **165** (**CLXV**) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

#### Roman Empire

- Avidius Cassius is successful against Parthia.  They take Artaxata, Seleucia on the Tigris, and Ctesiphon. The Parthians ask for peace.
- A pandemic known as the Antonine Plague breaks out in Rome.
- Dura-Europos is taken by the Romans.
- The Romans make a garrison at Doura Europos on the Euphrates.
- Avidius Cassius takes Nisibis.  He conquers the north of Mesopotamia.
- Marcus Aurelius creates four legal districts in Italy.

#### Religion

- The philosopher Justin of Nablus is executed in Rome as a Christian.
- Discourse to the Greek (_Oratio ad Graecos_), by the Syrian Tatian, is the first treatise on the evils of paganism in Christian literature.

## Births

- Macrinus, Roman emperor (approximate date)

## Deaths

- Justin Martyr, early apologist for Christianity
- Claudius Ptolemaeus, Greek astronomer (approximate date)
- Empress Deng Mengnu, wife of Emperor Huan of Han
- Elpinice (daughter of Herodes Atticus)
Google Play

**Google Play** (also known as the **Google Play Store,** **Play store,** or sometimes the **Android Store** (and was formerly known as the Android Market)), is a platform by Google. It is a online store for music, books, movies and a few million Android applications. Google formed it in March 2013 by merging four different stores:

- Android Market, the oldest, was started in October 2008
- Google Music
- Google Books
- Google Movies

Google Play also sold Google hardware devices, until 2015 when Google started a new Google Store for that.

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Google Play
- **logo**: Google_Play_2022_logo.svg
- **logo size**: 185px
- **logo caption**: Logo used since August 17, 2022
- **collapsible**: yes
- **developer**: Google
- **released**: (as Android Market)
 (as Google Play)
- **ver layout**: stacked
- **platform**: Android (operating system), Android, Android TV, Wear OS, ChromeOS, Web application, Web
- **genre**: Digital distribution, app store, Mobile game, mobile game store, video on demand (until November 2021), Ebook, ebook store Online music store (until November 2021)
Ragged Island

**Ragged Island** is a small island and district in the southern Bahamas. The island was badly damaged by Hurricane Donna.  In 2000 there were just 72 people.
The Open Door Tour

**The Open Door Tour** is the second worldwide tour by American alternative metal band Evanescence. Supporting the bands' second album, _The Open Door_, the tour began October 5, 2006, in Toronto, Canada and lasted for a little over a year. During the tour, the band performed at several popular music festivals, including Download and PinkPop festivals and Z100's Jingle Ball. The setlist included songs from The Open Door and the bands debut album, Fallen.

## Background

For the first leg of the tour, the band toured locations in North America in October and traveled to Europe in November to play a number of shows before returning to the U.S. in December to perform in large arenas. The band later continued this leg of the tour in January 2007 in Montreal, Canada, playing in locations in Canada before heading to Japan and Australia.

The second leg of the tour began on March 16, kicking off in Fresno, California. The tour ran through the U.S., South America, South Africa and Europe, closing their European tour with a sell-out concert at the Amphi in Ra'anana, Israel, on June 26, 2007. On May 4, 2007, guitarist John LeCompt was fired and drummer Rocky Grey quit. They were replaced by Troy McLawhorn and Will Hunt from the band Dark New Day.

Evanescence later co-headlined The Family Values Tour alongside Korn from July 27 until September 2, 2007. Afterwards, the band left on their Winter tour on October 23, playing shows in the U.S. and Mexico, before concluding the album's tour on December 8, 2007 in Kingston, Rhode Island. It was initially stated that McLawhorn and Hunt would tour with Evanescence till the end of the Family Values Tour in September, but continued to play with the band through The Open Door tour.

### First Leg

- Revelation Theory <small>(United States, Europe)</small>
- Stone Sour <small>(Canada)</small>
- The Black Maria <small>(Canada)</small>
- Shihad <small>(Australia)</small>

### Second Leg

- Chevelle <small>(United States)</small>
- Finger Eleven <small>(United States)</small>

### Third Leg

- Sick Puppies
- Julien-K
- Shiny Toy Guns (Special Appearance)

## Infobox (concert tour)

- **concert tour name**: The Open Door Tour
- **image**: Evenescence en Chile.jpg
- **image caption**: Evanescence performing in Santiago, Chile in the Estadio Nacional as part of the second leg of _The Open Door Tour_.
- **artist**: Evanescence
- **location**: North America, Europe, Australia, South Africa
- **type**: World
- **album**: The Open Door
- **start date**: October 5, 2006
- **end date**: December 9, 2007
- **number of legs**: 3
- **number of shows**: 157
- **last tour**: Fallen Tour (2003-04)
- **this tour**: The Open Door Tour (2006-07)
- **next tour**: Evanescence Tour (2011-12)
Chelsea (name)

The name **Chelsea** is a given name used for females. It is pronounced CHELL-see. The name Chelsea has roots in United Kingdom. It is derived from the French word "candidus," which means "bright" or "shining." Artemis, the Greek goddess of the moon, is also associated with the name as she was known for her beauty and radiance.

There are many famous people named Chelsea, including Chelsea Clinton (the daughter of former President Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham Clinton). The name was used most in 1992, when it was at #15 in the United States on the USA Social Security Administration baby naming chart.

The name might come from the Old English language and mean "chalk landing place".

There is also an English football club called Chelsea. Chelsea Football Club is an English football club that plays in the Premier League. Their home stadium is Stamford Bridge in Fulham, London.

## People named Chelsea

- Chelsea Brown, actress
- Chelsea Brummet, actress
- Chelsea Field, actress
- Chelsea Handler, comedian
- Chelsee Healey, actress
- Chelsea Hobbs, actress
- Chelsea Kane, actress and singer
- Chelsea Newton, basketball player
- Chelsea Noble, actress
- Chelsea Quealey, jazz trumpeter
- Chelsea Clinton, American author and global health advocate
- Chelsey Green, Professional Wrestler

## Places

- Chelsea, Victoria, Australia
- Chelsea, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Chelsea, Quebec, Canada
- Chelsea, London, United Kingdom
Stairlift

A **stairlift** or **stair lift** is a mechanical device that carries people up and down stairs in a chair. Stairlifts are often used by people who are handicapped or cannot walk up the stairs.

Stairlifts travel on rails that are bolted to the staircase, not the wall. Most stairlifts have a battery-powered motor. The battery allows the user to ride the lift even if the power goes out.

## Types of stairlifts

**Straight Rail Stair Lifts** - A straight rail stair lift is the most common type.  It is designed for straight stairs and can be installed quickly.  With a straight rail stair lift, the rail is attached to the treads of the stairs by legs that are spaced approximately a foot (30 cm) apart.

**Curved Rail Stair Lifts** - A curved rail stair lift follow the unique curvature of a staircase.  This means the planning and installation process is slower and more expensive since it is customized and the rail may have to be longer.

**Platform Stair Lifts** - Wheelchair or platform stair lifts has the standard seat but is big enough to carry a wheelchair.  These stair lifts may also need more power than traditional curved or straight rail stair lifts.  They are therefore most common in commercial building<nowiki/>s, hospital<nowiki/>s, and assisted living facilities and nursing home<nowiki/>s.
Teatro Regio (Turin)

The **Teatro Regio** ('Royal Theatre') is a well-known opera house and opera company in Turin, Italy.

Operas had been performed in various buildings in Turin during the 17th century but it was not until 1713 that a proper opera house was planned.  It was not built and finished until 1740.  It was a beautiful opera house with 1,500 seats and with 139 boxes.

In 1792 it was closed and became a warehouse.  With the French occupation of Turin during the Napoleonic War the theatre was renamed the _Teatro Nazionale_ and finally, after Napoleon became emperor, renamed again as the _Teatro Imperiale_.   When Napoleon's lost power in 1814 it got its original name back: the _Regio_.

Other theatres were built and gave seasons of opera in Turin. Among them was the restored _Teatro Carignano_ in 1824. It was taken over by the municipality in 1932 and, after the destruction by fire of the _Teatro Regio_ in 1936, the Carignano was the main opera house in the city until the _Regio_ reopened in 1973.

The Regio was rebuilt in 1905 but the theatre closed during the First World War and re-opened in 1919.  Until February 1936, seasons of opera were presented until fire then destroyed everything except the front of the building. It remained closed for thirty-seven years.  Arturo Toscanini was the conductor of the Turin Opera from 1895 to 1898, during which time several production of works of Wagner were given their first Italian performances.

The opera house was rebuilt an opened in 10 April 1973 with a production of Verdi's _I Vespri Siciliani_ directed by Maria Callas and Giuseppe Di Stefano.

The new house, which uses the original frontage, seats 1,750 and is elliptical in shape with a large orchestra level and 37 boxes. An acoustic shell was added to improve its sound.  Many operas are performed there, including modern operas.

## References

- Lynn, Karyl Charna, _Italian Opera Houses and Festivals_, Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 2005.
- Plantamura, Carol, _The Opera Lover's Guide to Europe_, New York: Citadel Press, 1996.

## Other websites

- Teatro Regio Torino website (both English and Italian)
Ahsa

**Ahsa** may mean:
- Al-Ahsa (disambiguation), the Saudi Arabian oasis region (also spelled al-Hasa and Hassa)
- the American Horse Shows Association
- the American Hunters and Shooters Association
- , the Gothic letter _a_, see Gothic alphabet, Ansuz rune
Al-Ahsa

**Al-Ahsa** (or Al-Hasa) may refer to:
- Al-Ahsa or Al-Hasa - an oasis region in eastern Saudi Arabia
- Al-Ahsa Governorate - the administrative unit that includes the Al-Ahsa oasis
- Al-Bahrain (historical region), which includes most of Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province
- Al-Ahsa Eyalet, a subdivision of the Ottoman Empire

- Ahsa
Al-Ahsa Oasis

**Al-Ahsa**, sometimes **Al-Hasa**, **El Hasa**, or **Hadjar** is a traditional oasis region in eastern Saudi Arabia. The oasis is about 60 km inland from the Persian Gulf.

Al-Ahsa is part of the region known historically as Al-Bahrayn.  It includes the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula down to the borders of Oman.  It also includes the island of Awal (modern-day Bahrain).

Al-Hasa has one of the largest numbers of Shia Muslims in mostly Sunni Saudi Arabia.

With an area of around , Al-Ahsa Oasis is the largest oasis in the world. There are more than 2.5 million palm trees including date palms in the oasis, which is fed from a huge underground aquifer and irrigated by the flow of more than 280 artesian springs, which allows agriculture all year round in a region that is otherwise sand desert.

## Main cities and villages

- Al Hofuf: capital city and has lots of traditional markets.
- Al Mubarraz: large city with many big markets.
- Al-Omran: has more than 15 villages and well known for the many farms.
- Shaybah: oil town in the Empty Quarter.
- More than 50 Villages.
Qatif

**Qatif** or **Al-Qatif** is a governorate and urban area in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. It goes from Ras Tanura and Jubail in the north to Dammam in the south. It is from the Persian Gulf in the east to King Fahd International Airport in the west.

Qatif is one of the oldest towns in the eastern side of the Arabian peninsula. Its history goes back to 3500 BC. Qatifi people used to work as merchants, farmers, and fishers. Now most of Qatifi's people are working in oil, industry, public services, education and health care sectors.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Qatif
- **native name**: القطيف
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **image skyline**: واجهة-قلعة-تاروت.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Saudi Arabia
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Saudi Arabia, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Ash Sharqiyah, Saudi Arabia, Eastern Province (Ash Sharqiyah)
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 524,182
- **timezone**: +3 GMT