Indian National Satellite System

The **Indian National Satellite System** or **INSAT** in short is a series of many geostationary satellites. They were launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for multiple purposes like telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue operations. INSAT was commissioned in 1983. It is the largest domestic communication system in the Indo-Pacific region. The satellites are made possible by the Department of Space, Department of Telecommunications, India Meteorological Department, All India Radio and Doordarshan. The operations of the INSAT system are handled by the Secretary-level INSAT Coordination Committee.

INSAT satellites provide transponders used for communication to serve the television and communication needs of India. Some of the satellites also have devices like VHRR, CCD cameras to take weather pictures. The satellites also help in receiving distress alert signals to help in search and rescue missions in South Asia and the Indian Ocean, as ISRO is a member of the Cospas-Sarsat program.

## INSAT system

INSAT started with the launch of INSAT-1B in August 1983. INSAT-1A, the first satellite with 'A' in its name, was launched before 1B in April 1982 but it did not work. INSAT system helped improve television, radio, phone services and weather forecasting in India, even in remote areas and islands. Some of the INSATs also carry instruments for meteorological observation and data relay for providing meteorological services. KALPANA-1 satellite is used specially only for weather. The satellites are controlled by _Master Control Facilities_ that exist in Hassan and Bhopal.

## List of INSAT satellites

|style="text-align:center;"|Satellite|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Date of launch|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Launch vehicle|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Status|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|INSAT-1A|style="text-align:right;"|10 April 1982|Delta 3910 / PAM-D|style="text-align:center;"|No More Used|||
|INSAT-1B|style="text-align:right;"|30 August 1983|Space Shuttle / PAM-D|style="text-align:center;"|No More Used|||
|INSAT-1C|style="text-align:right;"|21 July 1988|Ariane 3|style="text-align:center;"|No More Used|||
|INSAT-1D|style="text-align:right;"|9 July 1992|Delta 4925|style="text-align:center;"|No More Used|||
|INSAT-2A|style="text-align:right;"|22 July 1993|Ariane 44L H10|style="text-align:center;"|No More Used|||
|INSAT-2B|style="text-align:right;"|12 June 1990|Ariane 44L H10+|style="text-align:center;"|No More Used|||
|INSAT-2C|style="text-align:right;"|6 December 1995|Ariane 44L H10-3|style="text-align:center;"|Still Used|||
|INSAT-2D|style="text-align:right;"|3 June 1997|Ariane 44L H10-3|style="text-align:center;"|No More Used|||
|INSAT-2DT|style="text-align:right;"|26 February 1992|Ariane 44L H10|style="text-align:center;"|No More Used|||
|INSAT-2E|style="text-align:right;"|2 April 1999|Ariane 42P H10-3|style="text-align:center;"|Still Used|||
|INSAT-3A|style="text-align:right;"|9 April 2003|Ariane 5G|style="text-align:center;"|Still Used|||
|INSAT-3B|style="text-align:right;"|21 March 2000|Ariane 5G|style="text-align:center;"|Still Used|||
|INSAT-3C|style="text-align:right;"|23 January 2002|Ariane 42L H10-3|style="text-align:center;"|Still Used|||
|INSAT-3D|style="text-align:right;"|25 July 2013|Ariane 5 ECA|style="text-align:center;"|Still Used|||
|INSAT-3DR|style="text-align:right;"|8 September 2016|GSLV Mk II|style="text-align:center;"|Still Used|||
|INSAT-3DS|style="text-align:right;"|17 February 2024|GSLV Mk II|style="text-align:center;"|Still Used|||
|INSAT-3E|style="text-align:right;"|21 December 2003|Ariane 5G|style="text-align:center;"|No More Used|||
|INSAT-4A|style="text-align:right;"|27 September 2005|Ariane 5GS|style="text-align:center;"|No More Used|||
|INSAT-4B|style="text-align:right;"|11 March 2007|Ariane 5 ECA|style="text-align:center;"|No More Used|||
|INSAT-4C|style="text-align:right;"|10 July 2006|GSLV Mk I|style="text-align:center;"|FAILED|||
|INSAT-4CR|style="text-align:right;"|2 September 2007|GSLV Mk I|style="text-align:center;"|No More Used|||
|INSAT-4D|style="text-align:right;"|-|GSLV Mk I|style="text-align:center;"|CANCELLED|||
|INSAT-4E|style="text-align:right;"|27 August 2015|GSLV Mk II|style="text-align:center;"|Still Used|||
|INSAT-4F|style="text-align:right;"|29 August 2013|Ariane 5 ECA|style="text-align:center;"|Still Used|||
|INSAT-4G|style="text-align:right;"|20 May 2011|Ariane 5 ECA|style="text-align:center;"|Still Used|||