juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Construction

**Construction** is the process of erection or assembly of any building or infrastructure on a site. In general, there are three types of construction:

1. Building construction
1. Heavy/civil construction
1. Industrial construction

Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property. Industrial construction, though a relatively small part of the entire construction industry, is a very important component.

## History

The first buildings were huts and shelters, constructed by hand or with simple tools. As cities grew during the Bronze Age, a class of professional craftsmen appeared. Occasionally, slaves were used for construction work. In the Middle Ages, these were organized into guilds. In the 19th century, steam-powered machinery appeared, and later diesel- and electric powered vehicles such as cranes, excavators and bulldozers.

Modern construction is consistently made of materials such as glass, steel, concrete and bricks. So it is easy to build simple forms like simple cubic forms. The new style of architecture is based on the economic basic principle:
- Social economics: The need to build houses results in having  too many houses to build and to create fewer special houses. Decorations and ornaments were not important.
- Constructive economics: The reduction of needing points and areas allows new possibilities. That results in more free forms with the same work.
- Stylistic economics: The houses represent universality and objectivity and they are a product of art.

## Related pages

- Architecture
- Building code
- Building material
- Project management
- Civil Engineering
Infrastructure

**Infrastructure** is the term used to describe the built facilities which support modern human life.

These are the main items: water supply, sewage plants, housing, roads, cable networks, food supply facilities, schools, hospitals, airports, community meeting places, business and government buildings, bridges, railways. In fact, everything that modern life needs in the way of built environment.

Infrastructure is closely connected with standard of living and overpopulation.  More people will want more roads, water pipes and other infrastructure. Poor countries tend to have fast population growth and cannot provide the needed infrastructure. Standard of living drops and this may lead to other problems like worsening health, exposure to plague and difficult access of emergency units to those that need it.

## Related pages

- Civil engineering
Ceremony

A **ceremony** is an activity performed at a special time, usually in a formal setting. Some ceremonies are done to celebrate an event or rite of passage.  Another important ceremony is the tea ceremony in Asian cultures.

A ceremony may mark a rite of passage in a person's job or life, showing how important it is. For example:
- initiation
- graduation
- marriage
- funeral

Other ceremonies may mark yearly events like:
- vernal equinox
- winter solstice
- occasions in a Christian calendar

## Government ceremonies

Sometimes, a ceremony may only be done by certain people. A wedding is done by a priest or a Civil Celebrant. The President of the United States is sworn in by the Chief Justice of the United States at his or her inauguration. The British monarch is usually made king or queen by the Archbishop of Canterbury at his or her coronation.

## Related pages

- Liturgy
- Ritual
Kirk Kerkorian

**Kerkor "Kirk" Kerkorian** (June 6, 1917 – June 15, 2015) was an Armenian-American
billionaire, and president/CEO of Tracinda Corporation, his private holding company based in Beverly Hills, California.

Kerkorian is known as one of the important figures in shaping the city of Las Vegas, Nevada.

Kerkorian died in Beverly Hills, California on June 15, 2015, nine days after his 98th birthday.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kirk Kerkorian
- **native name lang**: hy
- **image**: Kirk Kerkorian 2017 stamp of Armenia.jpg
- **caption**: Kerkorian on a 2017 postage stamp of Armenia
- **birth name**: Kerkor Kerkorian
- **birth place**: Fresno, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
- **resting place**: Inglewood Park Cemetery
- **years active**: 1940–2015
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 2
- **awards**: National Hero of Armenia (2004)
Chemical property

In chemistry, a **property** is any aspect of a substance which is only seen by means of a chemical reaction. Simply speaking, chemical properties cannot be determined just by viewing or touching the substance. This is different from a physical property, which can be discovered without changing the substance's chemical structure.

Usually a chemical property is discovered by changing the substance's internal structure. When a substance goes under a chemical reaction, the properties will change drastically, resulting in chemical change. However, a catalytic property would also be a chemical property.

Chemical properties can be used for building chemical classifications. They can be used to identify an unknown substance or to separate or purify it from other substances.

## Examples of chemical properties

- reactivity
- toxicity
- coordination number
- flammability
- enthalpy of formation
- heat of combustion
- oxidation states
- chemical stability
- Viscosity
- Electronic configuration
Bass drum

A **bass drum** is a type of musical instrument called a drum. It is a large drum, makes low sounds, and is frequently used in the common drum kit.

There are three types of bass drums:
- Orchestral bass drum
- Kick drum
- Pitched bass drum

## Infobox (instrument)

- **name**: Bass drum
- **image**: Bass drum.jpg
- **image capt**: A Yamaha bass drum in a drum kit
- **background**: percussion
- **classification**: percussion
- **hornbostel sachs**: 211.212.1
- **hornbostel sachs desc**: Individual double-skin cylindrical drums
Drum kit

A **drum kit** (or **drum set** or **trap set**) is a collection of instruments played by an individual who is called a drummer.

## Setup

A normal drum kit consists of the following:
- Bass drum - The largest drum, which is also called a kick drum. It is struck with a hammer that is moved by one's foot.
- Snare drum - A drum with small cables of metal wires stretched across the bottom to make the loud "tat" sound. It can also make a "click" sound if hit in a special way.
- Tom Toms - Often simply called "toms", there are usually two of these drums across the top of the kit. To the drummer's left (if he/she is right-handed) is the high tom that makes a higher sound; on the other side is the medium or middle tom with a slightly lower sound, depending on the tuning. Sizes tend to range between 10 and 13 inches. The number and positioning varies by the drummer; some drummers have several toms on their kit, such as an 8-inch tom giving an even higher sound (often used in jazz drumming).
- Floor Tom - Usually placed to the right of the drummer, this is a tom that has its own legs or stand and produces a lower note than the other toms (usually the second lowest after the bass drum). Sizes tend to range between 14 and 18 inches.
- Hi-hat - Two cymbals, usually the same size, that can be pushed together (closed) with a pedal. They can be hit with a drumstick. This sound varies if the hi-hat open, closed, and in-between positions. Another way to play it is to clap the cymbals together with the pedal. The hi-hats are the most important cymbals on the kit, and are often used for detailed timing. Some drummers have more than one hi-hat setup around their kit.
- Crash Cymbal - A cymbal that makes a loud "crash" sound. The sound of a crash cymbal varies by brand and product line. The number of crash cymbals depends on the drummer's personal taste and need for the style of music being played. Crash cymbals are very often used to mark the start of a new section of a song.
- Ride Cymbal - A large, heavy cymbal that, typically, makes a light, airy sound, named from the fact that the drummer can "ride on it" or keep time on it. It is often used an alternative to the hi-hat. The middle of the ride cymbal is called the bell, and it makes a "ping" sound if hit.

Other cymbals and drums can be added to the setup for a wider range of sounds like the Splash, a small cymbal around 10"/25 cm giving a distinct crash sound with a quick decay, or a China cymbal, that gives an "oriental feel" to beats, rhythms, solos and fills. The latter is much like a crash cymbal popped inside out with the screw and sponge holding it to the stand inside it, so it has a shallow bowl shape.

The drummer can do other things to the kit, such as attach a tambourine to the spine of the hi-hat, so when he/she puts his/her foot down on the pedal or hits it with a drumstick, the drummer gets the tambourine sound at the same time. Cymbals can also have rivets inserted into them to give them a 'sizzling' sound, or a cowbell can be attached to the top of the bass drum between the snare and floor tom to use in fills, solos, grooves, etc.
Drum stick

A **drum stick** or **drumstick** is a wooden stick that is used to hit percussion instruments to make sound.
There are many kinds of drumsticks. Some sticks are made for certain instruments. For instance, a drum kit stick may look very different from a snare drum stick. Weight, length, and tip size are all altering factors in a stick.

Some drums, such as bongo drums, use no drumstick.
Khachkar

A **Khachkar** or **Khatchkar** ("Խաչքար" in Armenian, meaning _"cross-stone"_, pronounced as ) is a carved memorial stone found in Armenia.

It has a crucifix or cross, with a rosette or sun circle below it. Other parts can be filled with patterns of leaves, grapes or knots. Sometimes it has a ledge at the top with saints' or characters from the bible.

Much of the time a khachkar is put up for religious reasons such as the salvation of the soul of a living or a dead person. They have also been removed for other reasons, such as to show a military win, building of a new church, or as a protection from natural disasters.

Most Khachkars are in graveyards. But Armenian gravestones take many other forms, and only a small are khatchkars.

## Other websites

- Khachkar.am
- Khatchkar collection at Armenica.org
Back Dorm Boys

**Back Dorm Boys** () are two Chinese people who have made several well known spoof music videos in 2006. Their name comes from their lip sync video of the Backstreet Boys' song "As Long as You Love Me". They are often called the "Back Dormitory Boys". Their spoof music videos have been selected by Motorola China to promote mobile phones. The two members of the Back Dorm Boys are 韦炜 (Wei Wei) and 黄艺馨 (Huang Yi Xin). They were university students at Guangzhou Arts Institute (广州美术学院) majoring in sculpture. Their videos were very famous in China. The became very famous around the world after the videos were shown on YouTube.
Nattō

**Natto** ( (hiragana), 納豆 (kanji); _nattō_ or _nattou_) is a traditional Japanese food made by fermenting soybeans. Natto is known for its strong musty smell and unusual slimy texture, which makes sticky strings when stirred and eaten. In order to balance some of the strong flavors, it is usually eaten on top of rice with mentsuyu, a soy sauce-based condiment, or Japanese mustard. Whether Natto is popular or not depends on regions in Japan. For example, eating Natto as a custom is not so popular in the Kansai region of Japan.

## Types

There are many kinds of Natto. First, Natto is classified under two types of Natto, Itohiki Natto and Ji Natto. Also Itohiki Natto has three kinds of Natto, Marudaizu Natto, Hikiwari Natto, and Goto Natto. Of these different types, Marudaizu Natto and Hikiwari Natto are most commonly eaten.

## Availability

Natto may be bought in stores in Styrofoam boxes. Sometimes, they come with a mustard packet and a packet of _tsuyu_ to eat with the natto.

## Preparation

Although it is not customary to cook natto, natto may be prepared in food items like sushi or _donburi_. _Donburi_ is any Japanese dish served with rice in a bowl. Natto can be made into a donburi by adding natto and other items like tuna or egg to rice inside a bowl. "Nattojiru" made by adding natto to miso soup as a seasoning. Natto can also be used as a topping for Soba, Udon, Spaghetti, Okonomiyaki and so on.

## Spices and Condiments

In general, soy sauce, tsuyu, and karashi mustard are used to flavor Natto, but some people use egg, leek, Japanese ginger, grated radish, laver (a type of edible seaweed), okra, and other ingredients.
Kichijōji

is a neighborhood in the city of Musashino in Tokyo, Japan. It has an important commercial activity, with many shops, restaurant and cultural activities, mostly north of its railway station.

Kichijōji also has some famous landmarks. Inokashira Park, for example, is in the south part of the district, and is a favorite place for springtime _hanami_, or to see cherry-blossoms. The Kanda River (神田川) begins to flow from this park. The Seikei University (成蹊大学), one of Tokyo's biggest private universities, is in the northwestern area of the neighborhood.

It is famous for being a location people can visit in Persona 5.

## Other websites

- Kichijoji travel information at Wikivoyage
Udon

is a type of thick, wheat-based noodle popular in Japanese cuisine.

Udon is most often served hot as a noodle soup in a mild, salty broth. Its simplest form is called _kake udon_. This consists only of dashi stock, soy sauce (_shōyu_), mirin, and _udon_ noodles. Different things can be put on top of the soup as toppings. Often thinly cut scallions are used, along with other common toppings such as kamaboko, prawn or vegetable tempura, some spices, and wakame.

The flavor of the broth and toppings, as well as even noodle texture and thickness, is different from region to region. Usually, dark brown broth made from dark soy sauce (_koikuchi shōyu_) is common in eastern Japan. Light brown broth made from light soy sauce (_usukuchi shōyu_) is common in western Japan. However, many other regional types exist outside of just broth color and mainly vary in toppings used.

Kagawa Prefecture is famous for using udon as a staple food.

## Types

- Tempura Udon (topped with tempura such as prawn and squid)
- Tororo Udon (served with grated yam on top)
- Kitsune Udon (topped with deep-fried bean curd)
- Chikara Udon (topped with rice cake)
- Curry Udon (udon in a curry-based broth)
- Niku Udon (topped with beef that has been seasoned with mirin and sugar)
- Tanuki Udon (topped with tempura flakes)
- Kamatama Udon (topped with raw egg, soy sauce, and other ingredients)
- Bukkake Udon (cold udon noodles in a thick broth)
- Kamaage Udon (freshly boiled udon served with hot dipping sauce)
- Tamagotoji Udon (udon in a broth made with beaten egg)
- Tsukimi Udon (udon in a broth topped with raw egg)
- Nabeyaki Udon (udon simmered in a clay pot with broth and many toppings)
- Yaki Udon (seasoned stir-fried udon in a sauce)
- Zaru Udon (cold udon served on a bamboo strainer with dipping sauce)

## Definition

According to JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standard), to be udon, a round noodle's diameter has to be over 1.7 mm and a flat noodle's width over 1.7 mm. Udon dough is made from wheat flour and salt.
Hachiōji

is a Japanese city in  on the island of Honshu.   It is about 40 kilometers west of the center of the 23 special wards of Tokyo. The city is the 8th biggest city around the Tokyo metropolitan area. It is the 24th largest city in Japan.

## History

Hachiōji officially became a city on September 1, 1917, but it has been an important point on the Kōshū Highway, the main road that connected Edo (the old name of Tokyo) with Western Japan since before modern times, especially during the Edo period. For a short period of time, a castle, Hachiōji Castle (八王子城; Hachiōji-jō) was in the area. It was made in 1584 by Hōjō Ujiteru (北条氏照), but was soon broken in war by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1590. In the Meiji period, Hachiōji grew larger because of silk and silk textiles. However, the industry became less popular in the 1960s. Today, Hachiōji is home for many Tokyo workers.

In Hachioji, there are about 20 colleges and universities, including Takushoku University.

## Geography

There are 3 mountains around Hachioji.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **population total**: 561344
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population as of**: March 2021
- **area total km2**: 186.38
- **blank1 info sec2**: 3-24-1 Motohongo-cho, Hachiōji-shi, Tokyo 192-8501
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank info sec2**: 042-626-3111
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank name sec1**: Symbols
- **blank3 info sec1**: Blue-and-white flycatcher
- **blank3 name sec1**: • Bird
- **blank2 info sec1**: Lilium auratum
- **blank2 name sec1**: • Flower
- **blank1 info sec1**: Ginkgo biloba
- **blank1 name sec1**: • Tree
- **blank info sec1**:  
- **map caption**: Location of Hachiōji in Tokyo
- **image map1**: Hachioji in Tokyo Prefecture Ja.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Hachiōji, Tokyo.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of Hachioji, Tokyo.svg
- **image caption**: View of top left, Downtown Hachioji, Komiya Park, Naganuma Park, Mount Takao, stone fence and bridge in Hachioji Castle site, Yakuoin in Mount Takao, Hachioji Ramen, Hachioji Traditional Festival on August
- **image skyline**: Hachioji montage.JPG
- **settlement type**: Core cities of Japan, Core city
- **native name lang**: ja
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision name2**: Tokyo
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name1**: Kantō region, Kantō
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type**: Country
Nerima, Tokyo

**Nerima** is one of the 23 special wards in Tokyo, Japan.

The municipality calls itself "Nerima City" in English.

Nerima is called "the town of animation" because the earliest anime businesses started up in the area.

## History

On 1 August 1947, the ward of Nerima was formed by separating from the ward of Itabashi.

## Geography

Nerima is a western ward. It borders Nakano and Suginami on the south. Musashino and Nishitokyo are on the ward's western border. Saitamo Prefecture is on the northern border. Itabashi and Toshima are on the west.

There is also a long river in Nerima.

## Related pages

- List of special wards of Tokyo
- Capital of Japan

## Other websites

- Nerima website 
- Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Special wards

## Infobox (city japan)

- **name**: Nerima
- **official name**: Nerima City
- **settlement type**: Special wards of Tokyo, Special ward
- **image skyline**: Hikarigaoka.jpg
- **image caption**: A street in Hikarigaoka, Nerima
- **image flag**: Flag of Nerima, Tokyo.svg
- **image symbol**: Emblem of Nerima, Tokyo.svg
- **symboldescription**: Emblem
- **region**: Kantō region, Kantō
- **prefecture**: Tokyo
- **mayor**: Akio Maekawa (since April 2014)
- **area km2**: 48.08
- **population**: 721,858
- **population as of**: May 1, 2016
- **density km2**: 15013
- **tree**: magnolia kobus, Kobushi Magnolia
- **flower**: Azalea
- **city hall address**: 6-12-1 Toyotama-kita, Nerima
- **city hall postal code**: 176-8501
- **image map**: Nerima-ku in Tokyo Prefecture Ja.svg
Suginami

is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan.

The municipality calls itself "Suginami City" in English.

## Geography

Suginami is in the western part of Tokyo's special wards. It is next to Setagaya to the south. It's western neighbors are the cities of Mitaka and Musashino. Nerima is on the northern border. Nakano is to the east.

The Kanda river runs through the ward.

## Related pages

- List of special wards of Tokyo
- Capital of Japan

## Other websites

- http://www2.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/life/english.htm , http://www2.city.suginami.tokyo.jp/life/japan.htm
- Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Special wards
- Suginami Animation Museum
Higashi-Nagasaki Station

**Higashi-Nagasaki Station** is the railway station of the Seibu-Ikebukuro line in Toshima Ward, Tokyo, Japan.
The station is near the "Ikebukuro" station that is center of Tokyo. Only local train stops this station. Limited express, rapid express, semi express and rapid train pass this station. The next station of this station to east is "Shinamachi". The next station of this station to west is "Ekoda".

The area near the Higashi-nagasaki station is named "Nagasaki", but Nagasaki and Nagasaki Prefecture in Kyushu are not related. "Nagasaki" in Toshima Ward is located in east Japan. So this station's name have "Higashi"(means "east") to distinguish between this station and Nagasaki station in Kyushu.
Sagamihara, Kanagawa

**Sagamihara** (, Sagamihara-shi?) is a city in Japan. It is in north central Kanagawa Prefecture, bordering Tokyo, Japan. It is the third most populous city in the prefecture, after Yokohama and Kawasaki.

The main areas of commercial activity in **Sagamihara** are around Hashimoto Station on the JR Yokohama Line and Keio Sagamihara Line, Sagamihara Station on the JR Yokohama Line, and Sagami-Ōno Station on the Odakyu Odawara Line.
Aomori

is the capital city of Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

It is southwest of the town of Hiranai. It is a coastal city, and is near the Mutsu-wan (陸奥湾). It has been recognized as a core city since 2006.

### Surrounding municipalities

- Aomori Prefecture
    - Fujisaki
    - Goshogawara
    - Hirakawa
    - Hiranai
    - Itayanagi
    - Kuroishi
    - Shichinohe
    - Towada
    - Yomogita

## Demography

According to Japanese census data,

|1995|2000|2005|2010|2015|2020|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|314,917|318,732|311,386|299,520|287,648|275,340|

## Festivals

The Nebuta festival is one of the most famous festivals in Japan. It takes place at the beginning of August. More than 300,000 people come and see this festival every year.
This festival is called both “Nebuta” and ”Neputa”. In Aomori city, they use the word “Nebuta”, and in Hirosaki city, they use the word “Neputa”.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Aomori
- **settlement type**: Core cities of Japan, Core city
- **image skyline**: Aomori Montage.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Aomori Montage
- **image flag**: Flag of Aomori, Aomori.svg
- **image seal**: Aomori City Emblem.svg
- **image map**: Aomori in Aomori Prefecture Ja.svg
- **mapsize**: 265px
- **map caption**: Aomori in Aomori Prefecture
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Tōhoku region, Tōhoku
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Akihiko Onodera
- **area total km2**: 824.61
- **population total**: 275,340
- **population as of**: October 1, 2020
- **population density km2**: 333.9
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time, JST
- **utc offset1**: +09:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 030-8555
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 02201-2
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 017-734-1111
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 1-22-5 Chūō, Aomori-shi, Aomori-ken
HM Land Registry

**Land Registry** or **His Majesty's Land Registry** is a United Kingdom government office which started in 1862.  It publicly records interests in land in England and Wales.  It answers to the Ministry of Justice.

## Purpose

The office records the owner of land and legal rights over land.  It has recorded about half of the land in England and Wales, and they request owners to record the rest.

Persons make payments to the Land Registry to record land or for copies of the records.  The British Government does not make payments to the Land Registry.

## Offices

The Land Registry has 24 offices in England and Wales and a head office at Lincoln’s Inn Fields in London, England.  It wants to shut the offices in York and Harrow.

The head of the Land Registry is called the Chief Land Registrar and Chief Executive.

## History

In 1857 a government committee said there should be a record of land.  The Land Registry started after the Land Registry Act 1862.  The failure of this law led to a new law in 1875.  But this law was also a failure because persons could decide if they wanted to record their land, and most persons decided not to.  In 1897 a new law forced persons in London to record their land when they sold it.  Step by step this law was applied to the rest of England and Wales by 1990.  A new law – the Land Registration Act 2002 – modernised the law and made possible the electronic sale of land.

## Other websites

- Land Registry website
- Registers of Scotland website
Yamuna

The **Yamuna** (), sometimes called **Jamuna** (, ) or **Jumna**, is a major river in North India. It is the largest branch of a bigger river called the Ganges. It is 1370 km long. It begins at the Yamunotri, which is in the Himalayas. It goes through the Indian states of Delhi, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. At the end, it flows into the Ganges. Rivers that come out of the Yamuna include the Tons (the largest of the ones that come out of it), Chambal, Betwa, and Ken.

## Related pages

- List of rivers of India

## Other websites

- The Geography of the Rigveda
- Yamuna Action Plan

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Yamuna
- **name other**: Jamuna
- **image**: File:Vishram Ghat.jpg
- **image caption**: Vishram Ghat, on the Yamuna at Mathura in Uttar Pradesh.
- **map**: Yamunarivermap.jpg
- **map size**: 240px
- **map caption**: Map
- **pushpin map size**: 240px
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: India
- **subdivision type2**: State
- **subdivision name2**: Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi
- **subdivision type5**: Cities
- **subdivision name5**: **Haryana**: Yamuna Nagar

**Uttar Pradesh**: Kairana and Baghpat

**Delhi**: New Delhi

**Uttar Pradesh**: Noida, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, Agra, Firozabad, Etawah, Auraiya and Allahabad
- **discharge1 location**: Allahabad
- **source1**: Yamunotri
- **source1 location**: Banderpooch peaks, Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand, India
- **mouth**: Ganges
- **mouth location**: Triveni Sangam, Allahabad, India
- **tributaries left**: Hindon River, Hindon, Hanuman Ganga, Sasur Khaderi
- **tributaries right**: Tons River, Tons, Giri, Baghain, Chambal River, Chambal, Betwa River, Betwa, Sindh River, Sindh, Ken River, Ken
- **native name**: यमुना
- **name native lang**: hi
Dachau, Bavaria

**Dachau** (<small>German pronunciation:</small> [ˈdaxaʊ]; Bavarian: _Dochau_) is a city in the south of Germany, about  north-west of Munich. It has about 40,000 inhabitants. The town contains a historic town centre with an 18th-century castle.

Dachau was founded in the 8th century. In 1933, a concentration camp was built in Dachau. It was the first camp of the Nazis and became the prototype for all other camps. More than 30,000 prisoners died or were killed.

## Other websites

- Town Web site

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Dachau1.jpg
- **image plan**: Dachau in DAH.svg
- **image coa**: DEU Dachau COA.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Upper Bavaria
- **district**: Dachau
- **elevation**: 482
- **area**: 34.85
- **population**: 40570
- **stand**: 2007-03-31
- **postal code**: 85221
- **area code**: 08131
- **licence**: DAH
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 74 115
- **website**: http://www.dachau.de
- **mayor**: Florian Hartmann
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **party**: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD
Odonata

The **Odonata** are an order of flying insects, the dragonflies and damselflies. They are sometimes listed as the **Metapterygota**.

Like most of the flying insects (flies, beetles, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera), they evolved in the early Mesozoic era. Their prototypes, the  giant dragonflies of the Carboniferous, 325 mya, are no longer put in the Odonata. These are now called Protodonata or Meganisoptera.

The two suborders are easily distinguished:
- Dragonflies: they are **Anisoptera** (= usually larger, eyes together & wings up or out at rest)
- Damselflies: they are **Zygoptera** (= usually smaller, eyes apart & wings along body at rest)

All Odonata have aquatic larvae called 'nymphs', and all of them, larvae and adults, are carnivorous. The adults can land, but rarely walk. Their legs are specialised for catching prey. They are almost entirely insectivorous.

## Description

These insects characteristically have large rounded heads covered mostly by big compound eyes, legs that catch prey (other insects) in flight, two pairs of long, transparent wings that move independently, and long abdomens. They have two ocelli (eye spots) and short antennae. The mouthparts are on the underside of the head and include simple chewing mandibles in the adult.

## Other websites

- International Journal of Odonatology
- Odonata Central
- Odonatologica
- Worldwide Dragonfly Association
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knlXTU1R_rE&t=1328s An unusually good account on YouTube.
Chordophone

A **chordophone** is any musical instrument which produces sound commonly by vibrating a string or strings stretched between two points.

What most westerners would call string instruments are classified as chordophones (for example, violins, guitars and harps).
Tritium

**Tritium** is an isotope of hydrogen, the lightest element. Tritium has one proton and two neutrons. It heavier than ordinary hydrogen or its isotope deuterium. Hydrogen does not have any neutrons, only a proton. The chemical symbol for Tritium is **<sup>3</sup>H** or **T**.

In nature, tritium is made when cosmic rays hit nitrogen in the Earth's atmosphere. Tritium has a half-life of a little more than twelve years, so there is not much in the atmosphere. People make much more tritium in nuclear reactors, so that they can make things from it.

## Ways of using tritium

Tritium is important for nuclear fusion power.  Tritium is added to nuclear bombs to make them more powerful when they explode.

Tritium is often used with phosphors to make glow in the dark key-rings, and sights on rifles. Tritium makes the phosphors glow because it is radioactively unstable and gives energy to the phosphor so it can make light. Before lots of tritium could be made, people used radium to make things light up but this gave people cancer.

Radioactive decay produces tritium. High levels of tritium were found in 2013 in the Pacific near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant two years after the Fukushima nuclear disaster.http://ajw.asahi.com/article/0311disaster/fukushima/AJ201306250085

## Other websites

- Tritium -Citizendium
Wood fibre

**Wood fibres** are made of cellulose got from the xylem vessels in plants, especially trees. Other plants providing fibres include straw, bamboo, cotton, hemp, and sugar cane.

Products made from processed plant fibres include paper and textiles.
Professional wrestling

**Professional wrestling**, **pro wrestling** is wrestling done as performance art.  It is different from other sports because it is a fixed sport.  It is sometimes known as sports entertainment.

Like other athletes, most wrestlers train each day to maintain their physical condition. They practice for years to learn to execute moves safely while still making them look dangerous. They suffer many injuries, sometimes severe.

Professional wrestling is done as a show, like a play. Many wrestlers will wrestle in many fights, called matches. They wrestle inside a 'wrestling ring', which is a place with ropes around it. The best wrestlers can win belts, called 'championship titles', to show that they are the best.

Famous stars of the ring include "Gorgeous George" Wagner, Ric Flair, Hulk Hogan, André the Giant, Sting, "Macho Man" Randy Savage, Bret "The Hitman" Hart, Shawn Michaels, The Undertaker, Triple H, Brock Lesnar, Goldberg, Mick Foley, Stone Cold Steve Austin, Batista, Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson<nowiki/>and John Cena.

The United States, Canada, Mexico, and Japan and the United Kingdom are countries that have a lot of professional wrestling events.  The biggest company of professional wrestling is WWE (World Wrestling Entertainment).  Once a year, they have a big wrestling event called WrestleMania.  Professional wrestling can be seen both in the audience of an arena or on television.

## Other websites

- Wrestling Training Online Site
- ProWrestlingHistory.com
Monaco-Ville

**Monaco-Ville** is the original fortified town of Monaco. It stands on a monolith where the Prince's Palace is located.

## Other websites

- Monaco-Ville information
Hıdırlık Tower

**Hıdırlık Tower** is a landmark tower of tawny stone in Antalya, Turkey, where Kaleiçi meets Karaalioglu Park.

The tower is at the south side of the place, where the land walls of the city join the sea walls. The 14m high tower consists a circular tower rising on a quadratic pedestal. The tower's gate at the eastern side goes to a small room, from where a narrow staircase goes up. There was some restoration work on the upper part done in the Seljuk and Ottoman eras.

Around the Hıdırlık Tower is many cafés and restaurants also a view of the Gulf of Antalya.
Mesa, Arizona

**Mesa** is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona and part of the Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale Metropolitan Area. It is the 37th most populous city in the United States of America. It was settled by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in January 1878.

## Education

- CAE Global Academy Phoenix

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mesa, Arizona
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Mesa Arts Center - West - 2009-09-16.JPG
- **image caption**: Mesa Arts Center building in downtown Mesa
- **image flag**: Flag of Mesa, Arizona.svg
- **image map**: File:Maricopa County Arizona Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Mesa Highlighted 0446000.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x250px
- **map caption**: Location of Mesa in Maricopa County, Arizona
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Arizona, County
- **subdivision name1**: Arizona
- **subdivision name2**: Maricopa County, Arizona, Maricopa
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1878
- **government type**: Mayor-council government
- **leader title**: List of mayors of Mesa, Arizona, Mayor
- **leader name**: Mark Freeman (politician), Mark Freeman (Republican Party (United States), R)
- **area total km2**: 361.09
- **area total sq mi**: 139.42
- **area land km2**: 359.48
- **area land sq mi**: 138.79
- **area water km2**: 1.62
- **area water sq mi**: 0.62
- **elevation ft**: 1,326
- **population total**: 504258
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population rank**: List of United States cities by population, 37th in the United States
List of municipalities in Arizona, 3rd in Arizona
- **population density sq mi**: 3633.14
- **population density km2**: 1402.76
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 85200-85299
- **area code**: Area code 480, 480 Area code 602, 602
- **pushpin label**: Mesa
- **timezone**: Mountain Standard Time Zone, MST (no Daylight savings time, DST)
- **utc offset**: −7
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 04-46000
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411087
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Arlington, Texas

**Arlington** is a city in Tarrant County, Texas, United States. It is in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan area.

Arlington has AT&T Stadium,   Globe Life Field, Texas Live, Six Flags, the United States Bowling Congress Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region IV and American Mensa.

## Famous people from Arlington

- Maren Morris (1990-), singer

## Other websites

- City's Official Website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Arlington, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image caption**: From top, left to right: Entertainment District, the New Texas Giant at Six Flags Over Texas, College Park Center at University of Texas at Arlington, UT Arlington, Globe Life Field and AT&T Stadium
- **motto**: The American Dream City
- **image map**: Tarrant County Texas Incorporated Areas Arlington highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Arlington in Tarrant County, Texas, Tarrant County
- **pushpin map**: Texas#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Texas##Location within the United States
- **pushpin label**: Arlington
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision name2**: Tarrant County, Texas, Tarrant
- **government type**: Council–manager government, Council–Manager
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jim Ross
- **leader title1**: City Manager
- **leader name1**: Trey Yelverton
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 99.44
- **area total km2**: 257.54
- **area land sq mi**: 95.84
- **area land km2**: 248.22
- **area water sq mi**: 3.60
- **area water km2**: 9.32
- **elevation m**: 184
- **elevation ft**: 604
- **population total**: 394266
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population rank**: List of United States cities by population, 50th in the United States
List of municipalities in Texas, 7th in Texas
- **population density sq mi**: 4113.79
- **population density km2**: 1588.37
- **population demonym**: Arlingtonian
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 76001-76007, 76010-76018, 76094, 76096
- **area code**: Area codes 682 and 817, 682,817, Area codes 214, 469, and 972, 214,469,972
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area codes
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: Central Time Zone (North America), CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-04000
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1372320
Tarrant County, Texas

**Tarrant County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 2,110,640 people lived there. The county seat is Fort Worth, and in 2020, 918,915 people lived there, making it the largest city in the county. The second largest city in the county is Arlington, where 375,600 people live.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 902 square miles. The land area covers 864 square miles, and water covers 39 square miles.

### Cities

- Arlington
- Bedford
- Benbrook
- Blue Mound
- Colleyville
- Dalworthington Gardens
- Euless
- Everman
- Forest Hill
- Haltom City
- Hurst
- Keller
- Kennedale
- Lake Worth
- North Richland Hills
- Pelican Bay
- Richland Hills
- River Oaks
- Saginaw
- Sansom Park
- Watauga
- Westworth Village
- White Settlement

### Towns

- Edgecliff Village
- Flower Mound (mostly in Denton County)
- Lakeside
- Pantego
- Trophy Club (mostly in Denton County)
- Westlake (small part in Denton County)
- Westover Hills

## Other websites

- Tarrant County official website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Tarrant County
- **state**: Texas
- **flag**: Flag of Tarrant County, Texas.svg
- **type**: County (United States), County
- **founded year**: 1850
- **seal**: Seal of Tarrant County, Texas.png
- **seat wl**: Fort Worth
- **largest city wl**: Fort Worth
- **area total sq mi**: 902
- **area land sq mi**: 864
- **area water sq mi**: 39
- **area percentage**: 4.3
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 2110640
- **density sq mi**: 2340
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: tarrantcounty.com
- **ex image**: Tarrant Court House (1 of 1).jpg
- **ex image cap**: Tarrant County Courthouse
- **ex image size**: 270
- **named for**: Edward H. Tarrant
Spectrophotometer

A **spectrophotometer** measures either the amount of light reflected from a sample object or the amount of light that is absorbed by the sample object. **Spectrophotometry** is the quantity based study of electromagnetic spectra.

## Design

In short, the sequence of events in a modern spectrophotometer is as follows:
1. The light source shines on the sample.
1. A fraction of the light is transmitted or reflected from the sample
1. The light from the sample is directed to the entrance slit of the monochromator
1. The monochromator separates the wavelengths of light and focuses each of them onto the photodetector sequentially.

There are two kinds of spectrophotometers: single beam and double beam. A double beam spectrophotometer compares the light intensity between two light paths. One path containing a reference sample, the other holding the test sample. A single beam spectrophotometer measures the relative light intensity of the beam before and after a test sample is inserted. A double beam machine makes comparison readings easier and more stable. But a single beam machine can have measure a wider range of light frequencies. Single beam machines have simple optical systems and are more compact. When the spectrophotometer is built into another device (like microscopes or telescopes) only single beam machines will work.

Many older spectrophotometers must be calibrated by a procedure known as "zeroing." The absorbancy of a reference substance is set as a baseline value, so the absorbancies of all other substances are recorded relative to the initial "zeroed" substance. The spectrophotometer then displays % absorbancy (the amount of light absorbed relative to the initial substance).

Spectrophotometers can also measure luminescence.  For example, the machine can shine ultraviolet light of one frequency on the sample. This will excite the sample and make it glow. The detectors can then measure the light glowing from the sample at a different frequency.
Russian Orthodox Church

The **Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate** are Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs and primates of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

## Related pages

- Eastern Orthodox Church
- Eastern Christianity

## Other websites

- The official web site of the Moscow Patriarchate
- The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
Form

***Form*** (Lat. _forma_ Eng. _mould_), refers to the external three-dimensional outline, appearance or configuration of some thing - in contrast to the matter or content or substance of which it is mainly composed (compare with shape).
Martiros Saryan

**Martiros Saryan** (, 28 February 1880 – 5 May 1972) was a Russian-born Armenian painter.

He was born into an Armenian family in Nor Nakhijevan (now part of Russia). In 1895, he was 15, he finished the Nakhichevan school and from 1897 to 1904 learned at the Moscow School of Arts, also in the workshops of Valentin Serov and Konstantin Korovin. He was heavily influenced by the work of Paul Gauguin and Henri Matisse. He showed his works in various shows.

## Quotes

_Nature's ways are wonderful and unfathomable. The grain swells in the soil, the sprout grows and flowers when the time comes and then it bears new fruit and so does not die. We are like grain. We never die because we are One with Nature. To understand this is to comprehend Immortality--the Apotheosis of the Human Race. It is with this conviction that I have lived my Life. My Life is a store of my experience, a Life of aspirations, sorrows, joys and triumphs._ (M. Saryan)

## Other websites

- Martiros Saryan

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Martiros Saryan
- **image**: Martiros Saryan.jpg
- **birth place**: Nakhichevan-on-Don, Don Voisko Oblast, Russian Empire
- **death place**: Yerevan, Soviet Armenia
- **nationality**: Armenians, Armenian
- **field**: Painting, Painter
- **works**: "Armenia", "Morning at Stavrino", "Burning Heat with a Dog Running", and "In the Grove at Sambek"
- **awards**: *People's Painter of the USSR
*Hero of Socialist Labour
*USSR State Prize (1941)
*Lenin Prize
*Order of Lenin (3 times)
Library of Congress

The **Library of Congress** is the _de facto_ national library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress.

## Roles

The primary function of the Library of Congress is to serve the Congress. The Library welcomes public use of its general reference facilities and endeavors to offer the widest possible use of its collections consistent with their preservation and with its obligation to serve the Congress and other government agencies.The Library of Congress is the largest library in the world, with millions of books, recordings, photographs, newspapers, maps and manuscripts in its collections. The Library is the main research arm of the U.S. Congress and the home of the U.S. Copyright Office.Libraries are important cornerstones of a healthy community. ... College students often use the library when they are home for the weekend or for holidays. And the reference resources in public libraries are usually unavailable elsewhere in the community. The library is a unique and valuable resource.

## Librarian of Congress

The librarian of Congress is the head of the Library of Congress, appointed by the president of the United States with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, for a term of ten years.

## Other websites

- The Library of Congress website

## Infobox (library)

- **name**: Library of Congress
- **logo**: Logo of the United States Library of Congress.svg
- **logo alt**: the word "library" in bold, narrow letters, with "library of congress" to its left in small orange type
- **image**: Flag of the United States Library of Congress 2.svg
- **caption**: Flag of the Library of Congress
- **location**: Washington, D.C., United States, U.S.
- **num branches**: N/A
- **collection size**: More than 38 million books and other printed materials, 3.6 million recordings, 14 million photographs, 5.5 million maps, 8.1 million pieces of sheet music and 70 million manuscripts, 5,711 incunabula, and 122,810,430 items in the nonclassified (special) collections:
more than 167,000,000 total items
- **annual circulation**: Library does not publicly circulate
- **pop served**: The 535 members of the United States Congress, their staff, and the American citizenry.
- **budget**: $684,040,000
- **director**: Robert Newlen/Todd Blanche (disputed acting Librarian of Congress)
- **num employees**: 3,105