juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
1964 European Nations' Cup

The **1964 European Nations' Cup** was the second edition of the UEFA European Championship. The tournament was played in Spain. It was won by the hosts, who beat the Soviet Union 2–1 in the final.

## Qualified teams

|Team|Qualified as|Qualified on|data-sort-type="number"|Previous appearances in tournament|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||||0 (debut)||
|(host)|||0 (debut)||
||||0 (debut)||
||||1 (**1960**)||

## Venues

|rowspan="4"||Madrid|Barcelona|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Santiago Bernabéu|Camp Nou|||
|Capacity: **80,000**|Capacity: **105,000**|||

## Referees

|Country|Referee|Matches refereed|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Belgium|Arthur Blavier|Semi-final: Spain 2–1 Hungary|
|England|Arthur Holland|Final: Spain 2–1 Soviet Union|
|Italy|Concetto Lo Bello|Semi-final: Denmark 0–3 Soviet Union|
|Switzerland|Daniel Mellet|Third place play-off: Hungary 3–1 Denmark|

## Final tournament

_All times are local, CET (UTC+1)._

### Semi-finals

---

### Awards

- UEFA Team of the Tournament

|style="width:25%;"|Goalkeeper|style="width:25%;"|Defenders|style="width:25%;"|Midfielders|style="width:25%;"|Forwards|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Lev Yashin|Dezső Novák Ferran Olivella Feliciano Rivilla Ignacio Zoco|Valentin Ivanov Amancio Amaro Luis Suárez|Flórián Albert Ferenc Bene Chus Pereda|||||

## External links

- 1964 European Nations' Cup at UEFA.com

## Infobox (international football competition)

- **tourney name**: European Nations' Cup
- **year**: 1964
- **other titles**: Eurocopa España 1964
- **country**: Spain
- **dates**: 17–21 June
- **num teams**: 4
- **venues**: 2
- **cities**: 2
- **champion**: ESP
- **champion-flagvar**: 1945
- **count**: 1
- **second**: URS
- **third**: HUN
- **fourth**: DEN
- **matches**: 4
- **goals**: 13
- **attendance**: 156253
- **top scorer**: Ferenc Bene
 Dezső Novák
 Chus Pereda
(2 goals each)
- **prevseason**: 1960 European Nations' Cup, 1960
- **nextseason**: UEFA Euro 1968, 1968
Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip has been under military occupation by Israel since 6 June 1967, when Israeli forces occupied the territory during the Six-Day war. Before the occupation, Gaza Strip was ruled by Egypt.
Gyatt

***My gyatt*** is a slang term for a person's buttocks. It is used in Gen-Z or Gen Alpha slang, usually when referring that the person has a above normal buttock. Some people view this word as vulgar, but others think of it as a complement.
Operation Compass

**Operation Compass** a big battle in World War II and the first big British attack during the North African Campaign. British, Indian, Free French, Australian and other Allied Soldiers attacked the Italian in western Egypt and eastern Libya, which was an Italian Colony, from December 1940 to February 1941.

The allies had around  and advanced from Mersa Matruh in Egypt on a five-day raid against the Italians of the 10th Army, which had about  in fortified locations around Sidi Barrani in Egypt and in Libya to the west. The Allies swiftly defeated the Italians in their forts and at Sidi Barrani, forced the rest of the Italians  out of Egypt and captured the ports along the coast in Libya. The 10th Army was cut off as it retreated towards Western Libya at the Battle of Beda Fomm, the Italins that escapes being chased to El Agheila on the Gulf of Sirte.

The British took more than  and Libyan (Some Libyans Supported the Italians, although some also fought with the Allies) prisoners, hundreds of tanks, more than a thousand guns and many aircraft. The allies lost  killed and injured, about  of the infantry. The Allies were unable to continue beyond El Agheila, due to damaged vehicles and the movement in March 1941 of the best-equipped units to Greece, which was being invaded by Germany. The Italians rushed more soldiers from Italy to Libya to defend Tripoli, assisted by the Germans Afrika Korps and the  (The German Air Force)

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Operation Compass
- **partof**: the North African campaign of the Second World War
- **image**: File:WesternDesertBattle Area1941 en.svg
- **caption**: Map showing the Western Desert theatre
- **date**: 9 December 1940 – 9 February 1941
()
- **place**: Sidi Barrani, Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt to El Agheila, Italian Libya, Libya
- **territory**: Recapture of western Egypt and occupation of Cyrenaica
- **result**: British victory
- **units1**: Western Desert Force
- **units2**: 10th Army (Italy), 10th Army
Culburra Beach

**Culburra Beach**, usually called **Culburra**, is a town located in the South Coast area of New South Wales, Australia. It is in  the Shoalhaven local government area, the town is  east-southeast of Nowra on Jerrinja Wandi Wandian Aboriginal Country. At the , the town had 2,946 living there and is the regional centre for the coastal villages of Currarong, Callala Beach, Callala Bay and Orient Point.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Culburra Beach
- **state**: nsw
- **image**: Warrain Beach.jpg
- **caption**: Northern end of Warrain Beach, the main surfing beach
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **lga**: City of Shoalhaven
- **county**: St Vincent County, New South Wales, St Vincent
- **parish**: Numbaa
- **region**: South Coast (New South Wales), South Coast
- **postcode**: 2540
- **established**: 1887
- **pop**: 2946
- **elevation**: 12
- **stategov**: Electoral district of South Coast, South Coast
- **fedgov**: Division of Gilmore, Gilmore
- **location1**: Nowra
- **dir1**: ESE
- **dist1**: 18
- **location2**: Sydney
- **dir2**: S
- **dist2**: 171
- **near-n**: Comerong Island
- **near-ne**: _Tasman Sea_
- **near-e**: _Tasman Sea_
- **near-se**: _Tasman Sea_
- **near-s**: Lake Wollumboola
- **near-sw**: Wollumboola
- **near-w**: Pyree
- **near-nw**: Orient Point, New South Wales, Orient Point
IXL

**IXL** can be

- IXL, Oklahoma, a town in the United States
- IXL Historical Museum, a historic building in Hermansville, Michigan
- Henry Jones IXL, an Australian manufacturer of jams and other foods
- Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport (IATA: IXL), in Leh, Ladakh, India
- A railway interlocking

## Related pages

- Roman numerals
John Lavelle

**John Lavelle** (born November 23, 1981) is an American actor and playwright, best known for his role as Benjamin Braddock in John Reid's 2002 Broadway adaptation of _The Graduate_, where he starred opposite Lorraine Bracco, and for his portrayal of Roy Reed in the movie _Selma_. He does many voices in the _Zootopia_ franchise.
1964 Ballon d'Or

The **1964 Ballon d'Or** was the ninth Ballon d'Or awarded. It was won by Manchester United forward Denis Law.

## Rankings

|Rank|Name|Club(s)|Nationality|Points|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Denis Law|Manchester United||61|
|2|Luis Suárez|Internazionale||43|
|3|Amancio|Real Madrid||38|
|4|Eusébio|Benfica||31|
|5|Paul Van Himst|Anderlecht||28|
|6|Jimmy Greaves|Tottenham Hotspur||19|
|7|Mario Corso|Internazionale||17|
|8|Lev Yashin|Dynamo Moscow||15|
|9|Gianni Rivera|Milan||14|
|10|Valery Voronin|Torpedo Moscow||11|
|11|Ferenc Bene|Újpest||6|
|Karl-Heinz Schnellinger|Mantova Roma ||||||
|13|Jean Nicolay|Standard Liège||5|
|14|Helmut Haller|Bologna||4|
|15|José Torres|Benfica||3|
|16|Flórián Albert|Ferencváros||2|
|José Altafini|Milan||||
|Coen Moulijn|Feyenoord||||
|19|Néstor Combin|Lyon Juventus ||  || rowspan="8"|1|||
|Giacinto Facchetti|Internazionale||||
|Ole Madsen|HIK||||
|Sandro Mazzola|Internazionale||||
|Bobby Moore|West Ham United||||
|Jef Jurion|Anderlecht||||
|Omar Sívori|Juventus||||
|Klaus Urbanczyk|Chemie Halle||||

## External links

- Official Ballon d'Or 1964 page
- RSSSF.com

## Infobox (award)

- **name**: 1964 Ballon d'Or
- **image**: Denis Law.jpg
- **caption**: 1964 Ballon d'Or winner Denis Law in 2011
- **date**: 22 December 1964
- **location**: Paris, France
- **presenter**: _France Football_
- **award1 type**: Won by
- **award1 winner**: Denis Law (1st award)
- **previous**: 1963 Ballon d'Or, 1963
- **main**: Ballon d'Or
- **next**: 1965 Ballon d'Or, 1965
1965 Ballon d'Or

The **1965 Ballon d'Or** was the tenth Ballon d'Or awarded. It was won by Benfica forward Eusébio.

## Rankings

|Rank|Name|Club(s)|Nationality|Points|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Eusébio|Benfica||67|
|2|Giacinto Facchetti|Internazionale||59|
|3|Luis Suárez|Internazionale||45|
|4|Paul Van Himst|Anderlecht||25|
|5|Bobby Charlton|Manchester United||19|
|6|Flórián Albert|Ferencváros||14|
|7|Gianni Rivera|Milan||10|
|8|Georgi Asparuhov|Levski Sofia||9|
|Sandro Mazzola|Internazionale||||
|Valery Voronin|Torpedo Moskva||||
|11|Denis Law|Manchester United||8|
|12|Karl-Heinz Schnellinger|Roma Milan||||6|||
|13|Jim Baxter|Rangers Sunderland||||rowspan="2"|5|||
|Ferenc Puskás|Real Madrid||||
|15|Mario Corso|Internazionale||3|
|Lev Yashin|Dynamo Moscow||||
|17|Amancio|Real Madrid||2|
|Franz Beckenbauer|Bayern Munich||||
|Ferenc Bene|Újpest||||
|Mário Coluna|Benfica||||
|Milan Galić|Partizan||||
|Philippe Gondet|Nantes||||
|Andrej Kvašňák|Sparta Prague||||
|Slava Metreveli|Dinamo Tbilisi||||
|25|Ivor Allchurch|Cardiff City Swansea Town||||rowspan="3"|1|||
|Sigfried Held|Kickers Offenbach Borussia Dortmund||||||
|Köbi Kuhn|Zürich||||

## External links

- _France Football_ Official Ballon d'Or page

## Infobox (award)

- **name**: 1965 Ballon d'Or
- **image**: Eusebio (1963 version2).jpg
- **caption**: 1965 Ballon d'Or winner Eusébio
- **date**: 28 December 1965
- **location**: Paris, France
- **presenter**: _France Football_
- **award1 type**: Won by
- **award1 winner**: Eusébio (1st award)
- **previous**: 1964 Ballon d'Or, 1964
- **main**: Ballon d'Or
- **next**: 1966 Ballon d'Or, 1966
Gianfranco Bedin

**Gianfranco Bedin** (born 24 July 1945) is a former Italian footballer. He played as a midfielder, notably for Internazionale between 1964 and 1974, helping them win the 1964–65 European Cup. He also played six matches for the Italian national team.

## Honours

**Inter Milan**
- Serie A: 1964–65, 1965–66, 1970–71
- European Cup: 1964–65
- Intercontinental Cup: 1964, 1965

## Other websites

- https://web.archive.org/web/20131110135554/http://www.interfc.it/BEDIN.asp
- Profile  at Enciclopediadelcalcio.it

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Gianfranco Bedin
- **image**: Gianfranco Bedin.jpg
- **caption**: Gianfranco Bedin (2008)
- **birth place**: Majano, Kingdom of Italy, Italy
- **position**: Midfielder
- **years1**: 1964–1974
- **years2**: 1974–1978
- **years3**: 1978–1979
- **years4**: 1979–1980
- **years5**: 1980–1981
- **years6**: 1964–1965
- **clubs1**: F.C. Internazionale Milano, Internazionale
- **clubs2**: U.C. Sampdoria, Sampdoria
- **clubs3**: A.S. Varese 1910, Varese
- **clubs4**: A.S. Livorno Calcio, Livorno
- **clubs5**: San Frediano Rondinella S.S., Rondinella
- **caps1**: 310
- **goals1**: 23
- **caps2**: 112
- **goals2**: 6
- **caps3**: 21
- **goals3**: 0
- **caps4**: 27
- **goals4**: 2
- **caps5**: 19
- **goals5**: 2
- **nationalyears1**: 1966–1972
- **nationalteam1**: Italy national football team, Italy
- **nationalcaps1**: 6
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **managerclubs1**: F.C. Internazionale Milano, Internazionale (youth)
HeartCatch PreCure!

, or ***HeartCatch Pretty Cure!***, is the 7th installment in the _Pretty Cure_ franchise by Izumi Todo, featuring the 5th generation of Cures. The series was made by Toei Animation, directed by Tatsuya Nagamine, and written by Takashi Yamada. Character designs were done by Yoshihiko Umakoshi. The series premiered on February 7, 2010.

The show has 3 themes, the language of flowers, fashion and music.

### Supporting Characters

- Mizuki Hanasaki - Tsubomi's mother.
- Youichi Hanasaki - Tsubomi's father and Mizuki's husband.
- Kaoruko Hanasaki - Tsubomi's grandmother, Mizuki's mother-in-law, and Youichi's mother.
- Sora Hanasaki - Tsubomi's late grandfather, Mizuki's father-in-law, Youichi's father, and Kaoruko's husband.
- Futaba Hanasaki - Tsubomi's sister, Mizuki and Youichi's daughter, and Kaoruko and Sora's granddaughter.
- Sakura Kurumi - Erika's mother.
- Ryuunosuke Kurumi - Erika's father and Sakura's husband.
- Momoka Kurumi - Erika's sister and Sakura and Ryuunosuke's daughter.
- Tsubaki Myoudouin - Itsuki's mother.
- Gentarou Myoudouin - Itsuki's grandfather and Tsubaki's father.
- Satsuki Myoudouin - Itsuki's brother, Tsubaki's son, and Gentarou's grandson.
- Haruna Tsukikage - Yuri's mother.
- Professor Sabaku Tsukikage - Yuri's father and Haruna's husband.
- Chypre
- Coffret
- Potpourri
- Colonge
- Cope
- Dark Cure
- Sasorina
- Kumojaki
- Cobraja
- Dune
- Kanae Tada
- Naomi Sawai
- Toshiko Sakuma
- Romiko Kuroda
- Nanami Shiku

## Other websites

- Toei Animation's HeartCatch PreCure! site
- ABC's HeartCatch PreCure! site
Tramp Stamps (band)

**Tramp Stamps** was an American pop-punk band from Nashville, Tennessee. They became known on TikTok and later for controversial lyrics, not understanding punk culture and having worked in the commercial music industry.

The band's members were Marisa Maino (singer), Caroline Baker (guitar), and Paige Blue (drums). Their music often combined pop music and skate punk. Vice News described their music as "feminist punk" and _Rolling Stone_ "queer punk". Their record label, Make Tampons Free, was created by them.

## History

Blue had created songs that were used for shows on MTV, DirecTV, Starz and advertisements for Apple and Sephora. Maino and Baker had been signed to Prescription Songs (owned by Dr. Luke). Maino was a singer and songwriter, and Baker had recorded music as "Carobae".

Maino said the band was her, Baker, and Blue "just fucking around" and she had written songs with Blue and liked Baker's songwriting, as they had all worked for AWAL. They then recorded a song that later became "I'd Rather Die" after drinking alcohol one night, and Maino convinced Blue and Baker to form an independent band. Tramp Stamps started by sharing covers on TikTok, then were better known after releasing their debut single "Sex with Me". They became controversial after releasing "I'd Rather Die".

Tramp Stamps were said to be "industry plants" because Maino, Blue, and Baker had been songwriters and used queer and punk themes badly. Maino denied this, saying, "There [are] some times where I wish that was true, so then I could be like, "this is somebody else's fault", instead of some bullshit that I did".

## Band members

- Caroline Baker – guitar, background vocals
- Paige Blue – drums, background vocals
- Marisa Maino – lead vocals

### Extended plays

- _We Got Drunk and Made an EP_ (2021)

### Singles

- "Sex with Me" (2021)
- "1-800-miss-ur-guts" (2021)
- "I'd Rather Die" (2021)
- "The Legend of Jennifer" (2021)
- "Not So Silent Night" (2021)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Tramp Stamps
- **genre**: Pop-punk
- **years active**: 2020–2021
- **origin**: Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **current members**: Marisa Maino
Caroline Baker
Paige Blue
- **label**: Make Tampons Free, AWAL
Djarindjin

Djarindjin is a small town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It's located on the Dampier Peninsula, north of the city of Broome. The town is home to the Djarindjin Aboriginal Community, a community of the Bardi people. As of 2016, this single urban area had a total population of 397, including 312 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

## History and Culture

The Djarindjin people are part of the Bardi group, who have lived on the Dampier Peninsula for thousands of years. Their culture is deeply connected to the land and sea. They have a rich history of hunting, fishing, and gathering food.

The community has a strong connection to its traditional customs and language. They work to preserve their culture for future generations through education and community programs.

## Economy and Lifestyle

The main industries in Djarindjin are tourism and fishing. The town's location near beautiful beaches and coral reefs makes it a popular spot for visitors. The community also runs a local store and other services.

Life in Djarindjin is focused on community and family. The people live a relaxed lifestyle and enjoy the natural beauty of their surroundings. They are known for their strong community spirit and hospitality.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: other
- **name**: Djarindjin
- **state**: wa
- **caption**: Djarindjin is part of a single urban area that incorporates Lombadina.
- **image alt**: Map showing location of Djarindjin within single urban area that incorporates Lombadina.
- **relief**: yes
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pop**: 397 (as of 2016_
- **timezone**: Australian Western Standard Time, AWST
- **utc**: +8
- **dist1**: 170
- **dir1**: N
- **location1**: Broome, Western Australia
Lombadina

Lombadina is a small town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. It is located on the Dampier Peninsula, about 220 kilometers north of Broome. The town is home to the Bardi people, an Aboriginal Australian community. As of 2016, the town had a population of 397, including 312 aboriginal people.

## History

The Lombadina mission was started in 1913 by Pallottine missionaries. They built a church and a school to serve the local Bardi people. In 1968, the mission was handed over to the community, and it is now run by the Bardi Aboriginal Corporation.

## Tourism

Lombadina is known for its beautiful beaches and clear blue water. Visitors can go swimming, fishing, and boating. The town also has a small bakery, a craft shop, and a campground. Tourists can learn about the local culture from the Bardi people and see traditional art and crafts.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: other
- **name**: Lombadina
- **state**: wa
- **caption**: Lombadina is part of a single urban area that incorporates Djarindjin.
- **image alt**: Map showing location of Lombadina within single urban area that incorporates Djarindjin.
- **relief**: yes
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **timezone**: Australian Western Standard Time, AWST
- **utc**: +8
- **dist1**: 170
- **dir1**: N
- **location1**: Broome, Western Australia
Billiluna (Mindibungu)

Billiluna, also known as Mindibungu and Kururrungku, is a small Aboriginal community in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. The community is located about 150 kilometers south of Halls Creek. As of 2016, Billiluna had a total population of 150, including 133 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in 17 households.

## History

The community was created around 1978 when Aboriginal people moved from the Balgo Mission to the Billiluna Station. The land for the cattle station was given to the Aboriginal Lands Trust in 1978, which led to the creation of the community. Today, the community is run by the Mindibungu Aboriginal Corporation. In 1979, construction of houses and schools began.

## Geography

The community is located on the Canning Stock Route, a long and historic track used to move cattle. The name Billiluna comes from the local Aboriginal language and is thought to mean "water hole." The community has a Catholic school and a store.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Billiluna
- **state**: wa
- **local map**: yes
- **zoom**: 8
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pop**: 150 (as of 2016)
- **maxtemp**: 33.6
- **mintemp**: 20.00
- **rainfall**: 557.4
- **dist1**: 150
- **dir1**: south
- **location1**: Halls Creek
Lionel Shapiro

**Lionel Shapiro** (February 12, 1908 – May 27, 1958) was a Canadian journalist and novelist. He worked as a war correspondent for _The Montreal Gazette_, covering events such as the Allied invasion of Sicily, Salerno landings, and Juno Beach on D-Day.

Shapiro was born in Montreal to Samuel and Fanny Shapiro. His 1955 novel _The Sixth of June_ won the Governor General's Award for English-language fiction and was made into the film _D-Day the Sixth of June_. Other novels include _The Sealed Verdict_ and _Torch For A Dark Journey_. McGill University awards a prize in his name for Creative Literature.

He died in Montreal on May 27, 1958, at the age of fifty.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Lionel Shapiro
- **birth place**: Montreal, Quebec
- **death place**: Montreal, Quebec
- **occupation**: Novelist, journalist
- **nationality**: Canadian
- **period**: 20th century
- **genre**: Historical fiction
Domee Shi

**Domee Shi** (; born September 8, 1989) is a Canadian-Chinese filmmaker, storyboard artist, and animator. She has worked at Pixar Animation Studios since 2011.

## Biography

Shi was born in Chongqing, China, and moved to Canada with her family at age two. She grew up in Toronto and was inspired by her father, a university art professor, as well as animated films from Studio Ghibli and Disney. She studied animation at Sheridan College, graduating in 2011.

She began her career at Pixar as a storyboard artist, contributing to films including _Inside Out_ (2015), _The Good Dinosaur_ (2015), _Incredibles 2_ (2018), and _Toy Story 4_ (2019).

Shi directed the short film _Bao_ (2018), becoming the first woman to direct a short at Pixar. The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival and received critical acclaim. She later directed Pixar's feature film _Turning Red_ (2022) and is set to direct _Elio_ (2025).

### Storyboard Artist

- 2015: _Inside Out_
- 2015: _The Good Dinosaur_
- 2018: _Incredibles 2_
- 2019: _Toy Story 4_

### Director

- 2018: _Bao_ (short film)
- 2022: _Turning Red_
- 2025: _Elio_

## Awards and nominations

- Annie Awards – 2016: Nominated, Outstanding Achievement in Storyboarding for _Inside Out_
- International Online Cinema Awards – 2018: Nominated, Best Animated Film for _Bao_
- Tribeca Film Festival – 2018: Selected, Best Narrative Short for _Bao_

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Domee Shi
- **image**: Domee Shi.jpg
- **caption**: Domee Shi in 2018
- **birth place**: Chongqing, China
- **nationality**: Canadian
- **occupation**: Film director, storyboard artist, writer, animator
- **notable works**: _Bao (short film), Bao_, _Turning Red_
Hughenden, Queensland

Hughenden is a small town in the state of Queensland, Australia. It's the main town in the Flinders Shire. Hughenden is known as the "dinosaur capital of Australia's north" because of the many dinosaur fossils found in the area.

## Geography

Hughenden is located in the north-central part of Queensland, about 386 kilometers (240 miles) west of the city of Townsville. It is on the Flinders Highway. The town is situated on the Flinders River.

## History

The town was founded in the 1870s and named after a place in England. It became an important center for the grazing of sheep and cattle. Today, cattle ranching is still a major industry.

## Tourism

- Flinders Discovery Centre: This center has dinosaur fossils and information about the area's history and geology. There's a full-sized skeleton of a Muttaburrasaurus, a type of dinosaur, at the center.
- Porcupine Gorge National Park: This park is a short drive from Hughenden and is often called "Australia's Little Grand Canyon." It has a deep gorge with unique rock formations and a creek at the bottom.
- Mount Walker: This is a small mountain near the town with great views of the surrounding area.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Hughenden
- **state**: qld
- **image**: Hughenden-dinosaur-outback-queensland-australia.JPG
- **caption**: Hughenden's dinosaur statue
- **pop**: 1113 (as of 2021)
- **established**: 1870
- **timezone**: AEST
- **utc**: +10:00
- **dist1**: 384
- **dir1**: WSW
- **location1**: Townsville
- **dist2**: 521
- **dir2**: E
- **location2**: Mount Isa
- **dist3**: 1497
- **dir3**: NW
- **location3**: Brisbane
- **dist4**: 248
- **dir4**: WSW
- **location4**: Charters Towers
- **elevation**: 324.0
- **maxtemp**: 31.6
- **mintemp**: 16.6
- **rainfall**: 491.3
Lagrange, Western Australia

Lagrange, Western Australia is a rural area located in the Kimberley region, about 200 kilometers (120 miles) south of the town of Broome.

## Geography

Lagrange is situated on La Grange Bay, a large bay on the Indian Ocean coast. The landscape is mostly flat and low-lying. It is part of the Great Sandy Desert bioregion. The area is characterized by vast, sandy plains with spinifex grasslands, as well as salt flats and mangrove ecosystems along the coast.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **name**: Lagrange
- **type**: town
- **state**: wa
Pine Creek, Northern Territory

Pine Creek is a small town in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located about 220 kilometers (140 miles) south of the city of Darwin and 90 kilometers (56 miles) north of Katherine. As of 2021 there were 318 residents, making the town the fourth largest between Darwin and Alice Springs.

## History

Pine Creek is one of the oldest towns in the Northern Territory. It was founded in the 1870s after gold was discovered by workers building the Overland Telegraph Line. The town grew quickly during the gold rush, with its population reaching over 3,000 people at its peak. The gold rush also led to the construction of the North Australia Railway, which reached the town in 1889. The town's economy has had a history of "boom and bust" cycles, but it remains a center for mining, primarily for gold and iron ore.

## Economy

Pine Creek's economy is historically based on mining. The discovery of gold in the 1870s was the reason for the town's establishment. Today, mining and tourism are the main parts of its economy. The town serves as a base for visitors exploring the nearby national parks and other attractions.

## Tourism

- Pine Creek Railway Precinct: This is a preserved railway station from the historic North Australia Railway. It has original buildings and a historic locomotive on display.
- Pine Creek Repeater Museum: Housed in one of the oldest prefabricated corrugated iron buildings in Australia, this museum provides information on the gold rush, the Overland Telegraph Line, and the town's history.
- Pine Creek Water Gardens: These landscaped gardens are a relaxing place to visit. They were created from old railway trenches that were no longer in use.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Pine Creek
- **state**: nt
- **pop**: 318 (as of 2021)
- **established**: 24 January 1889 (town)
3 April 2007 (locality)
- **dist1**: 226
- **location1**: Darwin, Northern Territory, Darwin
- **dist2**: 90
- **location2**: Katherine, Northern Territory, Katherine
Daly Waters

Daly Waters is a small, historic town located in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is in the Outback and serves as an important stop for travelers on the Stuart Highway, which runs through the center of the country.

## Geography

Daly Waters is situated in the north-central part of the Northern Territory. It is about 620 kilometers (390 miles) south of Darwin and roughly 850 kilometers (530 miles) north of Alice Springs. The town is located at the intersection of the Stuart Highway and the Carpentaria Highway.

## History

The town's history is closely tied to exploration and transportation. The area was first named in 1861 by explorer John McDouall Stuart, who found water there during his successful journey to cross the Australian continent. He named the water source "Daly Waters" after Sir Dominick Daly, the Governor of South Australia at the time.

In the 1870s, the Overland Telegraph Line was built, connecting Australia to the rest of the world. Daly Waters became a key repeater station on the line. Daly Waters has a rich aviation history. It was a crucial stop for early flights between London and Australia, including Amy Johnson's famous flight in 1930. The town became Australia's first international airport and was a refueling point for Qantas. During World War II, it was a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) base. The original hangar from that time still stands.

## Tourism

The attractions are:
- Daly Waters Pub: The most famous landmark in the town is the historic Daly Waters Pub. It is one of the oldest pubs in the Northern Territory and is known for its quirky and unique decorations, which include thousands of items left by travelers over the years, such as bras, license plates, and business cards.
- Daly Waters Aviation Complex: The old airfield and hangar are a heritage site with exhibits, photos, and equipment from the town's aviation past.
- Stuart's Tree: A historic tree where John McDouall Stuart is believed to have carved an "S" to mark his discovery of water.
- Tim's Junkyard: A collection of old cars, bikes, and other memorabilia located next to the pub.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Daly Waters
- **state**: NT
- **image**: Daly Waters Pub Outside.JPG
- **caption**: The front of the famous Daly Waters Pub
- **pop**: 55 (as of 2021)
- **established**: 1927 (town)
4 April 2007 (locality)
- **elevation**: 212
- **timezone**: UTC9:30, ACST
- **utc**: +9:30
- **dist1**: 620
- **dir1**: S
- **location1**: Darwin, Northern Territory, Darwin
- **dist2**: 273
- **dir2**: S
- **location2**: Katherine, Northern Territory, Katherine
- **dist3**: 407
- **dir3**: N
- **location3**: Tennant Creek
Menzies, Western Australia

Menzies is a small town in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. It is located about 130 kilometers (80 miles) north of the city of Kalgoorlie and is part of the Shire of Menzies. The town is known for its history as a gold mining center and for being near the famous Lake Ballard art installation.

## History

The town was founded in 1894 after a man named Leslie Robert Menzies discovered gold in the area. Like many other towns in the region, it grew quickly during the gold rush of the late 1890s. At its peak, Menzies had thousands of residents and many buildings, including hotels, banks, and a brewery. When the gold reserves began to run out, the town's population started to decrease. Today, only a small number of people live there.

## Tourism

- The Menzies Hotel: This historic hotel is one of the last original buildings from the gold rush era. It is a popular place for tourists to visit.
- Niagara Dam: This dam was built in 1897 to provide water for the Menzies Goldfields. It is a popular spot for picnics and camping.
- Lake Ballard: This is a large, dry salt lake located about 50 kilometers (30 miles) west of Menzies. It is famous for the "Inside Australia" art installation by British artist Antony Gormley. The art includes 51 metal sculptures of human figures placed across the lakebed.
- Old Buildings: Visitors can see many old, abandoned buildings in and around the town, which show what life was like during the gold rush.
- Menzies Town Hall: This old building, built in 1901, is one of the most notable landmarks in the town.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Menzies
- **state**: wa
- **image**: Town Hall, Menzies.jpg
- **caption**: Town Hall, Menzies
- **est**: 1895
- **local map**: yes
- **zoom**: 7
- **pop**: 103 (as of 2021)
- **elevation**: 426
- **maxtemp**: 26.3
- **mintemp**: 12.6
- **rainfall**: 250.9
- **dist1**: 728
- **dir1**: ENE
- **location1**: Perth
- **dist2**: 133
- **dir2**: NNW
- **location2**: Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Kalgoorlie
Mount Gambier

Mount Gambier is a city in the state of South Australia. It is the second-largest city in the state and is located in the southeastern part of South Australia, close to the border with Victoria. The city is famous for its unique landscape, which was formed by a volcano.

## Geography

Mount Gambier is built on the slopes of a volcano of the same name. This volcano is considered dormant. The area is known for its volcanic features, including:
- Blue Lake: This is a large crater lake that is the city's main water source. It is famous for its color, which changes from a dark steel-grey in the winter to a bright, brilliant blue in the summer. The traditional owners of the land, the Bungandidj people, call the lake "Waawor".
- Umpherston Sinkhole: This is a collapsed cave that has been turned into a beautiful sunken garden. It is a popular tourist attraction where you can see possums and other animals. It is also known as "Balumbul" in the local Indigenous language.
- Other Caves and Sinkholes: The region has many other limestone caves and sinkholes that are popular with visitors and cave divers.

## History

The area was first seen by a British explorer in 1800. The city itself was founded in 1854. It was first called "Gambier Town" and was named after Admiral James Gambier. The town grew quickly because it was an important center for the surrounding farming and forestry industries. Mount Gambier officially became a city in 1954.

## Economy

The economy of Mount Gambier is based on a few key industries:
- Farming: The land around Mount Gambier is very fertile because of the volcanic soil. This makes farming, especially dairy farming and raising sheep, an important industry.
- Forestry: The area has many large forests, so the timber industry is also a big part of the local economy.
- Tourism: Because of its unique volcanic attractions, Mount Gambier is a major tourist destination. Many people stop there when traveling between Adelaide and Melbourne.

## Climate

Mount Gambier has a temperate mediterranean climate (_Csb_), having mild to warm, dry summers with very cool days; mild springs and autumns with moderate rainfall; and cool winters with heavy rainfall. August is the wettest month, with an average of 100.4mm of rain falling on 21 days; and February normally records the lowest rainfall, with an average of 25.7&mm on 7 days. The highest temperature recorded in Mount Gambier was 45.9°C on 20 December 2019. The lowest temperature recorded was −3.9°C on 20 June 1950 and 2 July 1960.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: city
- **name**: Mount Gambier
- **state**: SA
- **image**: MountGambierMainStreet.JPG
- **caption**: Commercial Street
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pop**: 25,591
- **established**: 1854
- **area**: 193.3
- **timezone**: UTC9:30, ACST
- **utc**: +9:30
- **timezone-dst**: UTC10:30, ACDT
- **utc-dst**: +10:30
- **dist1**: 450
- **location1**: Adelaide
- **dist2**: 435
- **location2**: Melbourne
- **lga**: City of Mount Gambier
- **lga2**: District Council of Grant
- **county**: County of Grey, Grey
- **maxtemp**: 19.0
- **mintemp**: 8.2
- **rainfall**: 711.1
Lightning Ridge

Lightning Ridge is a small town in the north of New South Wales, Australia. It is one of the Outback towns of New South Wales. It is famous for being one of the few places in the world where black opal is found. The town is in a very remote area and has a unique, eccentric culture because of the opal miners who live there.

Lightning Ridge is often called the "Black Opal Capital of the World." Unlike other types of opal, black opal is very rare and valuable. Miners in the area dig for it using small shafts and tunnels. The search for opal has shaped the town's history and its way of life.

In 1936, several indigenous families living at a local government settlement were forced to move to the Brewarrina settlement.

## Geography and Climate

Lightning Ridge is in a dry, desert-like area of inland Australia. It has very hot summers and mild winters. The town is located about 75 kilometers (47 miles) from the border with Queensland. The landscape around the town is covered in small hills of rubble from years of opal mining.

## Tourism

Tourist attractions include:
- The Black Opal: The main reason people visit Lightning Ridge is to see and buy black opal. There are many shops and places where you can learn about the mining process.
- The Bottle House: This unique house is made entirely from glass bottles. It was built by an opal miner and shows the town's creative and unusual culture.
- The Walk-in Mine: Visitors can go into a real opal mine to see what it is like for the miners who work underground.
- Artesian Baths: The town has natural hot baths fed by water from the Great Artesian Basin. The water is believed to have healing properties.

## Demographics

At 2001, the town had a population of 1,826, of whom 344 (18.8%) were Indigenous Australians.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Lightning Ridge
- **state**: nsw
- **image**: LightningRidgeMines.jpg
- **caption**: Mines in Lightning Ridge
- **est**: 1922
- **pop**: 1,946 (as of 2021)
- **elevation**: 170
- **maxtemp**: 28
- **mintemp**: 13.9
- **rainfall**: 470.7
- **dist1**: 74
- **dir1**: N
- **location1**: Walgett
- **dist2**: 720
- **dir2**: NW
- **location2**: Sydney
Clarence, Tasmania

Clarence is a city in the state of Tasmania, Australia. It is one of the five local government areas that make up Greater Hobart, the capital of Tasmania. The city of Clarence is located on the eastern side of the Derwent River.

## Geography

Clarence is situated across the Derwent River from the city of Hobart. The two cities are connected by two bridges: the Tasman Bridge and the Bowen Bridge. The city has a mix of coastal areas, hills, and a large residential population. These are:
- Derwent River: The city's western border is the Derwent River. The riverside has beaches, parks, and marinas.
- Meehan Range: This is a mountain range that forms the eastern border of the city. It includes bushland and walking trails.
- Coastal Areas: Clarence has many different coastal areas, including beaches like Seven Mile Beach and Opossum Bay.

## History

The land that is now Clarence was originally home to the Moomairemener Aboriginal people. In 1803, the island of Tasmania (then Van Diemen's Land) was colonised by the United Kingdom, who established the settlement of Hobart. European settlers arrived in the early 1800s. The area was named after the Duke of Clarence. The local government area was formed in 1994 when the Town of Clarence was officially made a city.

## Population and Economy

Clarence is the most populated local government area in Tasmania. It is home to a large number of people who work in Hobart but live on the other side of the river. The economy is mostly based on services, retail, and tourism.

## Tourism

- Bellerive Oval: This is a major sports stadium in Clarence. It is used for cricket and Australian rules football.
- Meehan Range: The hills provide opportunities for hiking and mountain biking.
- Beaches: The coastline has many popular beaches for swimming and walking.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: city
- **name**: Clarence
- **state**: tas
- **pop**: 61,531 (as of 2021)
- **est**: 1 January 1860
- **url**: http://www.ccc.tas.gov.au
Cobar

Cobar is a town in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is in the Outback, a remote, sparsely populated area. The town is located about 712 kilometers (442 miles) northwest of Sydney. It is a major center for mining, especially of copper, gold, and silver. Cobar has a population of approximately 4,700 and an area of .

## History

The land around Cobar is the traditional country of the Ngiyampaa Aboriginal people. The name "Cobar" comes from the local Aboriginal word for a type of red ochre used in ceremonies and painting. European settlement began in the 1870s after copper was discovered. The town grew quickly during the mining boom, becoming one of the largest mining centers in New South Wales. At one time, Cobar was home to a famous copper smelter. Today, mining is still the most important part of the town's economy. Modern mines use advanced technology to extract minerals like copper, gold, lead, and zinc.

## Geography and Climate

Cobar is located in a very dry area of New South Wales. The landscape is mostly flat, with red soil and native bushes. The climate is hot and dry, with very hot summers. The town is on the Barrier Highway, a major road connecting the coast to the interior of Australia.

## Tourism

Places to go there are:
- Great Cobar Heritage Centre: This museum is in the old Cobar administration building. It tells the story of the town's mining history and the lives of the people who lived there.
- Fort Bourke Hill Lookout: From this lookout, visitors can see a view of the town and a working open-cut mine.
- Mount Grenfell Historic Site: This site is known for its important Aboriginal rock art. It is a short drive from Cobar.
- Old Reserve No. 1 Bore: This is a famous landmark in the area and is a symbol of the town's reliance on water from the ground.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Cobar
- **state**: nsw
- **image**: Cobar Main Street 001.JPG
- **caption**: Marshall Street, the main street of Cobar. Cobar retains much of its late 19th-century architecture.
- **est**: 1870
- **pop**: 3,369 (as of 2021)
- **elevation**: 260
- **maxtemp**: 26.0
- **mintemp**: 11.8
- **rainfall**: 350.4
- **dist1**: 711
- **dir1**: WNW
- **location1**: Sydney
- **dist2**: 457
- **dir2**: E
- **location2**: Broken Hill
- **dist3**: 160
- **dir3**: S
- **location3**: Bourke, New South Wales, Bourke
- **dist4**: 260
- **dir4**: E
- **location4**: Wilcannia
- **dist5**: 133
- **dir5**: W
- **location5**: Nyngan
May Day anti-GST rally 2014

The **May Day Anti-GST Rally** was a protest in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on May 1, 2014. The rally was organised by a group of 89 non-governmental organisations, including the Oppressed People's Network, Parti Sosialis Malaysia, Solidariti Anak Muda Malaysia, and Asalkan Bukan UMNO. The opposition coalition Pakatan Rakyat supported it.

The protest happened on International Workers' Day. People were against the Malaysian government's plan to start the goods and services tax (GST) on April 1, 2015. Participants marched from Kuala Lumpur City Centre and other parts of the city to Dataran Merdeka.
Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra

***Lokah: Chapter 1 — Chandra*** is a 2025 Indian movie in the Malayalam language. It is a dark fantasy superhero movie directed by Dominic Arun and produced by Dulquer Salmaan under Wayfarer Films. The main actors are Kalyani Priyadarshan, Naslen, and Sandy Master, with supporting roles by Arun Kurian, Chandu Salimkumar, and others.

Filming started on 12 September 2024 with the working title _Production No: 7_ and ended on 30 January 2025 after 94 days. The official title was announced on 8 June 2025. Nimish Ravi, Chaman Chakko, and Jakes Bejoy worked as the cinematographer, editor, and music director.

The movie was released in cinemas on 28 August 2025 and received good reviews. People liked the acting, visuals, world-building, camera work, production, and music. It is the top-earning Malayalam movie ever and one of the biggest Indian movies of 2025.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Lokah: Chapter 1 – Chandra
- **director**: Dominic Arun
- **producer**: Dulquer Salmaan
- **screenplay**: Dominic Arun
Santhy Balachandran
- **story**: Dominic Arun
- **starring**: Kalyani Priyadarshan
Naslen
Sandy Master
Arun Kurian
Chandhu Salimkumar
- **music**: Jakes Bejoy
- **cinematography**: Nimish Ravi
- **editing**: Chaman Chakko
- **studio**: Wayfarer Films
- **distributor**: Wayfarer Films
- **runtime**: 149 minutes
- **country**: India
- **language**: Malayalam
DreamWorks Dragons

***DreamWorks Dragons*** is an American animated television series by DreamWorks Animation Television that aired on Cartoon Network in the first to second season and Netflix in the third to eighth seasons. The series ran from August 7, 2012 to February 16, 2018, made by six seasons and 118 episodes.
AI Infra

**AI Infra** is an independent team established by former members of Facebook's AI Infra Lab in 2022. Its main research areas cover artificial intelligence and Web3 technology. The team's research fields include natural language generation systems, multi-platform account automation management tools, and blockchain applications for content assetization.

## History

- Origin:

Members of AI Infra were previously involved in the research of artificial intelligence infrastructure and language models at Facebook's (now Meta) AI Infra Lab.

- Establishment:

In 2022, some members left Facebook and formed an independent team called AI Infra. After its establishment, the team received financial support from the metaverse platform, decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), and Wall Street investment institutions, raising a total of 10 million US dollars.

- Product Launch:

In 2024, the team launched a polymorphic AI called FACTORY-U, which is applied in the fields of artificial intelligence and Web3.

#### The research directions of AI Infra include:

1. Natural language generation: Text generation technology based on large-scale language models.
1. New media automation: Multi-account matrix management and cross-platform content distribution tools.
1. Blockchain applications: content on-chain, assetization, and rights distribution mechanism.
1. Distributed computing: The scheduling of computing power and parallel processing for large-scale tasks.

### Investment and Cooperation

AI Infra has received financial support from multiple investment institutions and Web3 organizations, and has also collaborated with some media outlets and blockchain projects.
Industrial Internet of Things

**Industrial Internet of Things** (often **IIoT**) means using many small, connected devices in industry.
These devices have sensors. They send data to computers and to each other over a network or the Internet.
The goal is to watch machines, control them better, and make work safer and cheaper.

## Meaning

IIoT is a part of the wider _Internet of Things_.
It focuses on places like factories, energy plants, farms, mines, transport, and warehouses.
Devices measure heat, pressure, speed, and many other things.
The data helps people and software to make quick decisions.

## History

Ideas that led to IIoT began in the late 1900s.
Factories first used programmable controllers and later used computer networks.
When the Internet became common, makers started to connect machines more widely.
This allowed data to move fast and cheaply between many devices.

## How it works

An IIoT system usually has:
- _Devices and sensors_: they collect data and can act on commands.
- _Networks_: cables or wireless links that move the data.
- _Data platforms and apps_: they store data and make reports.
- _People_: workers, engineers, and managers who use the results.

Sometimes the data is processed near the machine.
This is called _edge computing_.
It reduces delay and saves network use, which helps for real-time control.

## Uses

Common uses include:
- Predictive maintenance (finding problems before a machine breaks);
- Quality control and tracing products;
- Energy management;
- Remote monitoring of pumps, robots, and vehicles;
- Worker safety (for example, gas sensors and wearables).

## Benefits

IIoT can improve safety and save money.
It can reduce unplanned stops, lower energy use, and help people make better plans.
Small changes across many machines can add up to large gains.

## Problems and safety

Security is a major risk.
Each connected device can be a new way for an attacker to enter a system.
Good practice includes strong passwords, updates, network separation, and monitoring.
Standards like **IEC 62443** give rules for protecting industrial systems.

## Related pages

- Internet of Things
- Cyber-physical system
- Edge computing