juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Development economics

Different countries have economies that are in different states of development. **Development economics** is a branch of economics that looks at ways on how to improve economic development. Very often, it is used in developing countries. In these context, many factors that are outside pure microeconomics hinder economic development: A developing country may have a low literacy, or a high infant mortality. Plans to improve economic development in such a country therefore also needs to provide a solution to these problems (which are not economic ones).

Economic development generally is measured by the human development index, life expectancy etc.These are the tools which institutions like IMF and world Bank use to classify a country as a developed, underdeveloped or newly industrialized emerging economies.

## Related pages

- Prebisch–Singer hypothesis
Charlottesville car attack

On August 12, 2017, a car crashed into a group of people at the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia.  Heather Heyer died and 19 others were injured.  James Alex Fields Jr. was arrested and sentenced to life in prison.

During the 2020 George Floyd protests, the United States Marine Corps made a rule against showing the Confederate flag at their bases.  In the announcement, they said "events like the violence in Charlottesville in 2017 highlight the divisiveness the use of the Confederate battle flag has on our society."

## Victims

**Heather Heyer** (May 29, 1985 – August 12, 2017) was an American paralegal. She became a symbol for civil rights after she was murdered during the 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: Charlottesville car attack
- **image**: 2017 Charlottesville ramming (car involved).jpg
- **caption**: The car used in the attack
- **location**: Bagian selatan Downtown Mall, Charlottesville, Virginia
- **date**: August 12, 2017
- **time**: 1:45 p.m.
- **timezone**: UTC-4
- **type**: Vehicle-ramming attack, Mass murder, attempted mass murder
- **fatalities**: 1 (Heather Heyer)
- **injuries**: 28
- **perp**: James Alex Fields J
- **weapons**: 2010 Dodge Challenger
Floyd Shivambu

**Nyiko Floyd Shivambu** (born 1 January 1983) is a South African politician. He is serving as a member of parliament for the Economic Freedom Fighters  (EFF).

## Career

Shivambu began his political career as a Student Representative Council President for University of Witwatersrand in 2004.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Floyd Shivambu
- **image**: Floyd Shivambu.jpg
- **birth name**: Nyiko Floyd Shivambu
- **birth place**: Malamulele, Transvaal Province, South Africa (now Limpopo Province)
- **nationality**: South African,
- **party**: African National Congress (1990–2012)
Economic Freedom Fighters (2013–present)
- **office1**: Deputy President of the Economic Freedom Fighters, EFF
- **term start1**: July 2013
- **predecessor1**: Position established
- **alma mater**: University of Witwatersrand
- **spouse**: Siphesihle Shezi-Shivambu (m. 2017)
- **children**: Katekani Shivambu
- **nickname**: Mayweather
Tu Aashiqui

***Tu Aashiqui*** (English: _You are love_) is a 2017 Indian musical romance television show based on two lovers effort to unite. It is produced by Mahesh Bhatt under Gurudev Bhalla production house. It stars Jannat Zubair Rahmani and Ritvik Arora in lead roles of Pankti and Ahaan respectively. It stars Krissann Barretto, Rahil Azam and Buneet Kapoor as antagonists Rangoli, Jayant and Vikram respectively. The series was premiered on Colors TV on 20 September 2017.

### Main cast

- Jannat Zubair Rahmani as Pankti Sharma, Ahaan's Lover (**Main Female Lead / Protagonist**)
- Ritvik Arora as Ahaan Manav Dhanrajgir, Pankti's Lover (**Main Male Lead / Protagonist**)
- Krissann Barretto as Rangoli Rai, a famous singer (**Main Female Lead Antagonist**)
- Rahil Azam as Jayant Dhanrajgir "JD", Ahaan's Paternal Uncle (**Main Male Lead Antagonist**)
- Buneet Kapoor as Vikram Jayant Dhanrajgir, Ahaan’s Paternal Cousin Brother (**Parallel Male Lead Antagonist**)

### Recurring

- Gauri Pradhan Tejwani as Anita Sharma, Pankti's Mother
- Raqesh Vashisth as Reyansh Diwan (Fake personality of JD, JD wearing a mask)
- Nidhi Shah as Poorva Sharma, Pankti's Elder Sister & Monty's Lover
- Kiran Raj as Murali  "Monty" Shetty, Poorva's Lover
- Rushal Parakh as Uday, Ahaan's Best Friend & Manager
- Shagun Sharma as Richa Vikram Dhanrajgir (née Richa Thakur), Pankti's Best Friend & Vikram's Wife
- Sachin Sharma as Manav Dhanrajgir, Ahaan's Father
- Dolphin Dubey as Aparna Manav Dhanrajgir, Ahaan's Mother
- Himanshi Chaudhry as Sheetal Rajput, Ahaan's Paternal Aunt
- Reem Sameer Shaikh as Sanaya Seth, Ahaan’s Childhood Friend

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Musical
Drama
Romance
- **creator**: Gurudev Bhalla
- **writer**: Gautam Hegde
- **composer**: Nishant Raja
- **country**: India
- **language**: Hindi
- **num seasons**: 1
- **num episodes**: 288
- **producer**: Mahesh Bhatt
Gurudev Bhalla
- **camera**: Multi camera
- **runtime**: Approx. 20 - 24 min.
- **company**: Gurodev Bhalla Productions Private Limited
- **channel**: Viacom 18, Colors TV
Hakainde Hichilema

**Hakainde Hichilema** (born 4 June 1962) is a Zambian politician and businessman. Hichilema is the President of Zambia. He has been the President of the United Party for National Development since 2006. He ran for president six times, winning in 2021.

## Early life and career

Hichilema was born in a village in Monze District in which is now called Zambia. He studed at the University of Zambia and graduated in 1986 with a bachelor's degree in Economics and Business Administration.

### Early political career

He is a member of United Party for National Development (UPND) party. After Anderson Mazoka died in 2006, he was elected as the new party President. He worked as the leader of the United Democratic Alliance (UDA), a party made up of three opposition political parties. He has already taken part in the 2006, 2008, 2011, 2015 and 2016 elections.

## Presidency

Hichilema ran for president again in 2021, this time successfully being elected in a landslide victory by winning 59% of the vote in August 2021. He beat incumbent President Edgar Lungu, who has refused to accept his defeat and has called the election a fraud.

## Personal life

Hichilema is married to Mutinta and has three children. He is a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Hichilema is a millionaire and the second-largest cattle rancher in Zambia.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Hakainde Hichilema
- **image**: Hakainde Hichilema in Japan on February 6, 2025 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Hichilema in 2025
- **office**: 7th President of Zambia
- **vicepresident**: Mutale Nalumango
- **term start**: 24 August 2021
- **predecessor**: Edgar Lungu
- **office1**: President of the United Party for National Development, United Party
for National Development
- **term start1**: 2006
- **predecessor1**: Anderson Mazoka
- **birth place**: Monze, Northern Rhodesia
- **nationality**: Zambian
- **party**: United Party for National Development, UPND
- **spouse**: Mutinta Hichilema, Mutinta
- **alma mater**: University of Zambia
University of Birmingham
- **profession**: Economist
- **occupation**: Businessman
- **blank1**: Awards
- **nickname**: HH
Michael A. Sheehan

**Michael A. Sheehan** (February 10, 1955 – July 30, 2018) was an American author, former government official and military officer. Sheehan is the author of the book _Crush the Cell:  How to Defeat Terrorism Without Terrorizing Ourselves_

## Early life

Sheehan was born in Red Bank, New Jersey. He studied at the Christian Brothers Academy and graduated in 1973. He would go on to study at United States Military Academy, Georgetown University and at the United States Army Command and General Staff College.

## Military career

Sheehan was a colonel in the United States Army being part of the Special Forces. His stations were located in Panama, South Korea and El Salvador focusing on counter-terrorism.

## Political career

He was a Distinguished Chair at the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, New York and a terrorist analyst for NBC News. Sheehan was the U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for Counter Terrorism from 1998 to 2000 during the Bill Clinton administration. Afterwards, from 2003 to 2006, Sheehan worked for the New York City Police Department Counter-Terrorism Commission.

Sheehan was later the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict & Interdependent Capabilities from 2011 to 2013 during the Barack Obama administration.

## Death

Sheehan died in Bethesda, Maryland from multiple myeloma on July 30, 2018, aged 63.

## Other websites

- New York Times, May 6, 2006 – "City to Lose Man Who Led Terror Fight", by William K. Rashbaum
- Probe of USS Cole Bombing Unravels Washington Post May 4, 2008
Red Bank, New Jersey

**Red Bank** is a borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey. It was created in 1908 and located on the Navesink River. As of the 2020 United States Census, the borough had a population of 12,936.
Fikile Mbalula

**Fikile April Mbalula** (born 8 April 1971 in the Free State) is a South African politician and is the 17th Secretary-General of the African National Congress (ANC). He is also a former Minister of Transport (South Africa).

Mbalula also serves as President of the African National Congress Youth League.

## Career

Mbalula was appointed deputy police minister in Jacob Zuma's cabinet in 2009. In 2011, he was promoted to minister of Sports and Recreation.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Fikile Mbalula
- **office1**: Secretary-General of the African National Congress, Secretary-General
- **president1**: Cyril Ramaphosa
- **term start1**: 19 December 2022
- **predecessor1**: Ace Magashule
- **office2**: Minister of Transport
- **president2**: Cyril Ramaphosa
- **term start2**: 30 May 2019
- **term end2**: 6 March 2023
- **predecessor2**: Blade Nzimande
- **successor2**: Sindisiwe Chikunga
- **birth place**: Botshabelo, Free State
- **party**: African National Congress
- **title1**: 17th History of the African National Congress, Secretary-General of the African National Congress
Mendocino Complex Fire

The **Mendocino Complex Fire** is  a large complex of two wildfires, the **River Fire** and **Ranch Fire**, currently burning in Mendocino, Lake, and Colusa counties in the U.S. state of California. It is th largest fire complex in recorded US history. The Ranch Fire is currently burning eight miles northeast of Ukiah and the River Fire is currently burning six miles north of Hopland. The fires were first reported on  July 27, 2018. Both fires have burned a combined total of  . Several communities and cities in the region had to be evacuated.

By the night of August 7, the fires were collectively 34% contained. The River Fire was 78% contained and the Ranch Fire was only 20% contained, with flames on the northern flank still actively pushing towards Snow Mountain Wilderness.

## Impact

The River and Ranch Fires have affected communities along the Mendocino and Lake County borders. People in these areas had to be evacuated: Lakeport, Kelseyville, Lucerne, Upper Lake, Nice, Saratoga Springs, Witter Springs, Potter Valley, and Finley, parts of Hopland, and the tribal communities Hopland Rancheria and Big Valley Rancheria.

## Other websites

- Office of Emergency Service Fire Map

## Infobox (wildfire)

- **title**: Mendocino Complex Fire
- **image**: Smoke-near-the-Mendo-complex-Mendo-Sheriff.jpg
- **caption**: Smoke from the Mendocino Complex on Highway 20 on July 31, 2018
- **location**: Mendocino County, Colusa County and Lake County, California, Lake County, California, United States
- **cost**: Unknown
- **date**: –
- **buildings**: 229
- **fatalities**: None reported
- **injuries**: 8
Terai

The **Terai** or **Tarai** is a region of northern India and southern Nepal. The Terai is a strip of natural marshland bordering the Yamuna River to the west and the Brahmaputra River to the east. To the north of the Terai are the Himalayas. The marshy areas have been reduced by drainage and cultivation.
Patricia De Lille

**Patricia de Lille** (born 17 February 1951) is a South African politician and mayor of the city of Cape Town.

She has been a member of the Democratic Alliance (DA). However, she had been at conflict with the party officials for months. This led to her resignation as Mayor of Cape Town in August 2018, a seat she held on her party ticket.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Patricia de Lille
- **image**: Patricia de Lille.jpg
- **imagesize**: 230px
- **office**: Mayor of Cape Town
- **term start**: 1 June 2011
- **predecessor**: Dan Plato
- **office2**: Government of the Western Cape#Executive, Provincial Minister for Social Development
- **term start2**: 22 September 2010
- **term end2**: 31 May 2011
- **premier2**: Helen Zille
- **predecessor2**: Ivan Meyer
- **successor2**: Albert Fritz
- **office3**: Leader of the Independent Democrats
- **term start3**: 21 June 2003
- **term end3**: 21 May 2014
- **predecessor3**: _Party founded_
- **successor3**: _Party merged into
Democratic Alliance (South Africa), Democratic Alliance_
- **office4**: Member of the National Assembly (South Africa), National Assembly
- **term start4**: 10 May 1994
- **term end4**: 10 September 2010
- **constituency4**: Western Cape
- **birth place**: Beaufort West, Cape Province, Union of South Africa, South Africa
- **nationality**: South African
- **party**: Democratic Alliance (South Africa), Democratic Alliance
- **otherparty**: Independent Democrats
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, Pan Africanist Congress
- **profession**: Chemical technologist, Laboratory technician
Trade unionist
Politician
Joseph Warren

Dr. **Joseph Warren** (June 11, 1741 - June 17, 1775) was an American physician and fighter in the American Revolutionary War. He played a leading role in American Patriot groups in Boston in the early days of the American Revolution.

Warren enlisted Paul Revere and William Dawes on April 18, 1775. They were to leave Boston and spread the alarm that the British were about to raid Concord, Massachusetts and arrest rebel leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock.

Warren was appointed Major General in the Massachusetts colony's militia just before the June 17, 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill. But instead of exercising his rank, Warren served in the battle as a private soldier. He was killed in combat when British troops attacked Breed's Hill.

Many United States cities and towns are named for Warren.
Asia Network Television

**Asia Network Television** ();  is an Iraqi satellite television channel. It is based in Baghdad, Iraq. The channel was launched in 2012.

## Programs

- Flash Back - فلاش باك (in Arabic)
- Studio Alateba - ستديو الاطباء (in Arabic)
- Haraer - حراير (in Arabic)
- Zahktona - زهكتونة (in Arabic)
- Noqta Alsfer - نقطة الصفر (in Arabic)
- Sout Almalaeb - صوت الملاعب (in Arabic)

## Infobox (tv channel)

- **name**: Asia Network Television

- **logo**: Asia Network Television.png
- **launch date**: August 1, 2012
- **picture format**: 1080i (High-definition television, HDTV)
 480i (Standard-definition television, SDTV/16:9 letterbox)
- **country**: Iraq
- **area**: MENA (available in most areas)
- **language**: Arabic language, Arabic and English language, English
- **web**: [https://www.asiasat.tv]
- **sat serv 1**: DirecTV
- **sat chan 1**: 333 (SD only)
1333 (VOD HD)
- **sat serv 2**: Dish Network
- **sat chan 2**: 161 (SD only)
- **cable chan 1**: Check local listings for channel numbers
- **iptv serv 1**: Verizon FiOS
- **iptv chan 1**: 211 (SD)
711(HD)
- **iptv serv 2**: AT&T U-verse
- **iptv chan 2**: 1504 (HD)
504 (SD)
Forbes

***Forbes*** is an international American business magazine that is published twice in a week. The magazine is famous for publishing lists and rankings including Forbes 400 and Forbes Global 2000.

The magazine was founded by B. C. Forbes, a financial columnist, on 5 September 1917. Forbes magazine has circulation over 700 thousands readers.

Its headquarters are in Jersey City, New Jersey. Steve Forbes is the current Editor-in-Chief of the magazine and Mike Perlis is the CEO.

## International editions

Apart from the main Forbes.com, Forbes runs 45 local language editions, including:

- _Forbes Africa_
- _Forbes África Lusófona_
- _Forbes Afrique_
- _Forbes Argentina_
- _Forbes Australia_
- _Forbes Austria_
- _Forbes Baltics_
- _Forbes Brazil_
- _Forbes Bulgaria_
- _Forbes Central America_
- _Forbes Colombia_
- _Forbes Chile_
- _Forbes China_
- _Forbes Czech_
- _Forbes Dominican Republic_
- _Forbes Ecuador_
- _Forbes En Español_
- _Forbes Estonia_
- _Forbes France_
- _Forbes Georgia_
- _Forbes Greece_
- _Forbes Hungary_
- _Forbes India_
- _Forbes Indonesia_
- _Forbes Israel_
- _Forbes Italy_
- _Forbes Japan_
- _Forbes Kazakhstan_
- _Forbes Korea_
- _Forbes Latvia_
- _Forbes Lithuania_
- _Forbes Lusophone Africa_
- _Forbes Mexico_
- _Forbes Middle East_
- _Forbes Monaco_
- _Forbes Perú_
- _Forbes Poland_
- _Forbes Portugal_
- _Forbes Romania_
- _Forbes Russia_
- _Forbes Slovakia_
- _Forbes Spain_
- _Forbes Thailand_
- _Forbes Ukraine_
- _Forbes Uruguay_
- _Forbes Vietnam_

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (magazine)

- **title**: **Forbes**
- **logo**: Forbes logo.svg
- **founder**: B. C. Forbes
- **editor**: Steve Forbes
- **editor title**: Chairman / Editor-in-chief
- **editor2**: Randall Lane (journalist), Randall Lane
- **editor title2**: Editor
- **frequency**: Twice quarterly
- **total circulation**: 514,184
- **circulation year**: 2023
- **publisher**: Forbes Media
- **category**: Business magazine
- **company**: Integrated Whale Media Investments
- **country**: United States
- **based**: Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.
- **language**: English
- **issn**: 0015-6914
- **oclc**: 6465733
ENCA

**eNCA** (also referred to as eNews Channel Africa) is a 24-hour news channel in South Africa. It was launched in 2008 and broadcasts on DStv channel 403 and GOtv chanel 43.

## Infobox (tv channel)

- **name**: eNCA
- **logo**: ENCA logo.svg
- **owner**: e.tv
- **slogan**: No fear. No favour.
- **country**: South Africa
- **picture format**: 16:9 (576i, SDTV)
- **language**: English
- **area**: Worldwide
- **headquarters**: Johannesburg, South Africa
- **former names**: eNews Channel
<small>(until 19 August 2012)</small>
- **sat serv 1**: DStv
- **sat chan 1**: Channel 403
Feeding Frenzy

***Feeding Frenzy*** is a arcade video game developed and published by PopCap Games. It involves fish eating other fish. The game was the 17th most popular Xbox Live Arcade title for 2006.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Feeding Frenzy
- **developer**: PopCap Games (formerly by Sprout Games)
- **publisher**: PopCap Games (previously by GameHouse)
- **designer**: James Gwertzman, Del Chafe and Ed Allard
- **series**: _Feeding Frenzy_
- **released**: February 11, 2004
- **modes**: Single-player
- **platforms**: Microsoft Windows, Windows, Apple Macintosh, Macintosh, Xbox (console), Xbox, Xbox 360, Arcade game, Arcade
Ndola

**Ndola** is the third-largest city by population in Zambia's mining Copperbelt Province. It is also the provincial capital of the region.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ndola
- **nickname**: NoliNoli
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Ndola01.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **pushpin map**: Zambia
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Zambia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Zambia
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Zambia, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Copperbelt Province
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Zambia#Copperbelt Province, District
- **subdivision name2**: Ndola District
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Samuel Munthali
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2010 census
- **population total**: 475,194
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **population demonym**: Zimandola
- **timezone**: Central Africa Time, CAT
- **utc offset**: +3
- **elevation m**: 1300
- **blank name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank info**: Humid subtropical climate, Cwa
- **website**: [http://www.cityofndola.gov.zm/ Ndola City Council]
Mpumalanga

**Mpumalanga** is a province in South Africa. It is one of South Africa's 9 provinces. The name of the province means 'where the sun rises'.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mpumalanga
 (in Swazi and Zulu)

- **settlement type**: Provinces of South Africa, Province of South Africa
- **image flag**: Flag of Mpumalanga Province.svg
- **flag size**: 120px
- **shield size**: 120px
- **motto**: _Omnia labor vincit_ (Labour will conquer all)
- **image map**: Mpumalanga in South Africa.svg
- **map alt**: Map showing the location of Mpumalanga in the eastern part of South Africa
- **map caption**: Location of Mpumalanga in South Africa
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: South Africa
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 27 April 1994
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Nelspruit, Mbombela (Nelspruit)
- **parts type**: Districts of South Africa, Districts
- **p1**: Gert Sibande District Municipality, Gert Sibande
- **p2**: Nkangala District Municipality, Nkangala
- **p3**: Ehlanzeni District Municipality, Ehlanzeni
- **government type**: Parliamentary system
- **leader party**: African National Congress, ANC
- **leader title**: Premier of Mpumalanga, Premier
- **leader name**: Refilwe Mtsweni-Tsipane
- **leader title2**: Legislature
- **leader name2**: Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature
- **area total km2**: 76495
- **area rank**: List of South African provinces by area, 8th in South Africa
- **elevation max m**: 2331
- **population total**: 4039939
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population est**: 4523900
- **pop est as of**: 2018
- **population rank**: List of South African provinces by population, 6th in South Africa
- **population density rank**: List of South African provinces by population density, 3rd in South Africa
- **demographics type1**: Population groups
- **demographics1 title1**: Black people, Black African
- **demographics1 info1**: 90.7%
- **demographics1 title2**: White South African, White
- **demographics1 info2**: 7.5%
- **demographics1 title3**: Coloured
- **demographics1 info3**: 0.9%
- **demographics1 title4**: Indian South African, Indian or Asian South African, Asian
- **demographics1 info4**: 0.7%
- **demographics type2**: Languages
- **demographics2 title1**: Swazi language, Swazi
- **demographics2 info1**: 27.7%
- **demographics2 title2**: Zulu language, Zulu
- **demographics2 info2**: 24.1%
- **demographics2 title3**: Tsonga language, Tsonga
- **demographics2 info3**: 10.4%
- **demographics2 title4**: Southern Ndebele language, Southern Ndebele
- **demographics2 info4**: 10.1%
- **demographics2 title5**: Northern Sotho language, Northern Sotho
- **demographics2 info5**: 9.3%
- **demographics2 title6**: Afrikaans
- **demographics2 info6**: 7.2%
- **demographics2 title7**: Sotho language, Southern Sotho
- **demographics2 info7**: 3.5%
- **demographics2 title8**: South African English, English
- **demographics2 info8**: 3.1%
- **timezone1**: South African Standard Time, SAST
- **utc offset1**: +2
- **iso code**: ZA-MP
- **website**: [http://www.mpumalanga.gov.za/ www.mpumalanga.gov.za]
Katanga Province

**Katanga Province** was a province in the south of the Democratic Republic of Congo before it was split into four provinces. Its mountains have many valuable ores including the majority of the world's cobalt.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Katanga Province
- **native name**: Province du Katanga
- **image map**: Katanga in Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **established title**: Established
- **extinct title**: Dissolved
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Lubumbashi
- **leader title**: Governor
- **area total km2**: 496871
- **population total**: 5608683
- **population as of**: 2010 est.
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population demonym**: Katangese
- **blank name sec1**: Official language
- **blank info sec1**: French language, French
- **blank1 name sec1**: National languages spoken
- **blank1 info sec1**: Swahili language, Swahili
- **type**: Former Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, province of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
- **seat1 type**: Largest city
- **seat1**: Lubumbashi
Kogelo

**Kogelo** is a village on the shores of Lake Victoria in Kenya. It is found in Kenya's Siaya County and is best known as the place of birth of former U.S. President Barack Obama's father.

## Obama Fame

In 2008 when Barack was running for President, Kogelo gained international attention as the place of his father's death.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Nyang'oma Kogelo
- **other name**: Kogelo
- **pushpin map**: Kenya
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Kenya
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: County
- **subdivision name1**: Siaya County
- **leader title**: Chief
- **leader name**: James Ojwang' Obalo
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **elevation ft**: 4227
- **population total**: 3648
- **website**: [http://www.kogelo.co.ke www.kogelo.co.ke]
Nelspruit

**Nelspruit** also known as **Mbombela** is a city in northeastern South Africa. It is also the capital of Mpumalanga Province.

Nelspruit is home to the Kruger national park which is one of the biggest animal park in South Africa. It is also home to the Mbombela Stadium.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mbombela
- **other name**: Nelspruit
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: NelspruitPanorama.JPG
- **image caption**: A view of the CBD of Mbombela as seen from the Steiltes suburb
- **nickname**: eNaspoti, Citrus City, Gateway to the Lowveld
- **motto**: _City of Excellence_
- **pushpin map**: South Africa Mpumalanga#South Africa#Africa
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: South Africa
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of South Africa, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Mpumalanga
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of South Africa, District
- **subdivision name2**: Ehlanzeni District Municipality, Ehlanzeni
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of South Africa, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Mbombela Local Municipality, Mbombela
- **subdivision type4**: Main Place
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 1905
- **leader title**: Executive Mayor
- **leader name**: Sibusiso Mathonsi
- **area total km2**: 72.63
- **population total**: 110159
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Racial makeup (2011)
- **demographics1 title1**: Bantu peoples of South Africa, Black African
- **demographics1 info1**: 41.1%
- **demographics1 title2**: Coloureds, Coloured
- **demographics1 info2**: 4.1%
- **demographics1 title3**: Indian South African, Indian/Asian South African, Asian
- **demographics1 info3**: 4.9%
- **demographics1 title4**: White South African, White
- **demographics1 info4**: 49.3%
- **demographics1 title5**: Other
- **demographics1 info5**: 0.6%
- **demographics type2**: First languages (2011)
- **demographics2 title1**: Afrikaans
- **demographics2 info1**: 40.7%
- **demographics2 title2**: South African English, English
- **demographics2 info2**: 22.4%
- **demographics2 title3**: Swazi language, Swazi
- **demographics2 info3**: 20.2%
- **demographics2 title4**: Tsonga language, Tsonga
- **demographics2 info4**: 4.7%
- **demographics2 title5**: Other
- **demographics2 info5**: 12.1%
- **timezone1**: South African Standard Time, SAST
- **utc offset1**: +2
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in South Africa, Postal code (street)
- **postal code**: 1200
- **postal2 code type**: Post-office box, PO box
- **postal2 code**: 1200
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in South Africa, Area code
- **area code**: 013
Monheim, Bavaria

**Monheim** is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor is currently Günther Pfefferer from the CSU.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Monheim Southern Gate.jpg
- **image caption**: The southern gate of Monheim
- **name**: Monheim
- **image coa**: DEU Monheim (Schwaben)COA.svg
- **image plan**: Monheim in DON.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Schwaben
- **district**: Donau-Ries
- **elevation**: 495
- **area**: 69.35
- **postal code**: 86653
- **area code**: 09091
- **licence**: DON
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 7 79 186
- **mayor**: Günther Pfefferer
- **party**: CSU
- **website**: [http://www.monheim-bayern.de www.monheim-bayern.de]
Concordia Theological Seminary

The **Concordia Theological Seminary** is an institution of theological higher education. It is run by the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS) and is located in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Its main purpose is to teach men who will become pastors in the congregations of the LCMS. It also teaches women who will become deaconesses. It offers professional, master's and doctoral degrees.

## History

In 1844, a pastor in Fort Wayne named Frederick C. D. Wynecken started teaching two men to be pastors. The next year, he became a pastor in Baltimore, and a pastor named Wilhelm Sihler continued teaching in Fort Wayne. The seminary officially started in August 1846, when eleven students and an instructor from Germany arrived in Fort Wayne. They were sent by a German pastor named Wilhelm Loehe. At first, classes were held in a nearby house.

The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod was started in 1847. Loehe then gave ownership of the seminary to the synod. Two years later, the seminary purchased land east of Fort Wayne and built the first building on its new campus.

Other people in the LCMS called Concordia Theological Seminary the "practical seminary", because it tried to teach men to become pastors quickly. It taught pre-seminary and seminary classes. The pre-seminary classes were similar to high school classes. The seminary classes taught theology. At this time, it did not teach Greek and Hebrew, the languages that the Bible was originally written in.

In 1861, the seminary moved to the campus of Concordia Seminary, in St. Louis, Missouri. This is the synod's other seminary. This was done so that students wouldn't be drafted for the American Civil War.

In 1874, the pre-seminary students and one instructor were moved to the campus of the former Illinois State University in Springfield, Illinois. The next year, 1875, the "practical seminary" itself moved to the Springfield campus.

In 1918, an additional year of instruction was added to the pre-seminary courses. These additional courses made pastors eligible to get teaching certificates. After 1935, Greek was made a required course.

Starting in 1941, all entering students had to be high school graduates. The seminary then stopped teaching high school classes. Later, they required two years of college for entering students.

In 1976, the seminary returned to Fort Wayne.

## Academics

The seminary has four departments: Exegetical Theology, Historical Theology, Pastoral Ministry and Mission, and Systematic Theology.

## Other websites

- Official site
- Saarinen's Village: The Concordia Campus Through Time

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Concordia Theological Seminary
- **established**: 1846
- **type**: Seminary
- **affiliation**: Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod
- **faculty**: 24
- **president**: Rev. Dr. Lawrence R. Rast, Jr.
- **students**: 298
- **city**: Fort Wayne, Indiana, Fort Wayne
- **state**: Indiana
- **country**: United States
Cleveland, Alabama

**Cleveland** is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 1,245.
Borgerhout

**Borgerhout** is the smallest district of the city of Antwerp, in Flanders (Belgium). , the district houses 45,948 people.

It is the birthplace of singer-songwriter Milow.
Newbern, Alabama

**Newbern** is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Moundville, Alabama

**Moundville** is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.
Gantt, Alabama

**Gantt** is a town in the state of Alabama in the United States.
Libertyville, Alabama

**Libertyville** is a town in the state of Alabama in the United States.
Priscilla Chan

**Priscilla Chan** (born February 24, 1985) is an American pediatrician and philanthropist. She is the wife of the founder and CEO of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Priscilla Chan
- **image**: Priscilla Chan at SXSW 2025 01 (cropped 3).jpg
- **caption**: Priscilla Chan in 2025.
- **birth place**: Braintree, Massachusetts, Braintree, Massachusetts, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **citizenship**: United States
- **alma mater**: Harvard University
University of California, San Francisco, UCSF
- **occupation**: Pediatrician, philanthropist
- **children**: 2
War of the Fifth Coalition

The **War of the Fifth Coalition** was fought in 1809. It was fought by a coalition of the Austrian Empire and the United Kingdom against Napoleon's French Empire and Bavaria. The main countries in the war were France and Austria Major battles between them happened in a large area of Central Europe from April to July. Many people died on both sides. France won the war after the Battle of Wagram in early July.
Manfred Melzer

**Manfred Melzer** (28 February 1944 – 9 August 2018) was a German bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Solingen-Ohligs, Germany. He was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI. He was an Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Cologne from 1995 to 2015.

Melzer died in Cologne on 9 August 2018, aged 74.

## Other websites

- web page about Manfred Melzer (archbishopric Cologne)
Michael Cohen (lawyer)

**Michael Dean Cohen** (born August 25, 1966) is an American attorney and convicted felon. He worked as a lawyer for Donald Trump from 2006 until he was fired in May 2018.

Cohen was a vice-president of the Trump Organization and special counsel to Donald Trump, and was co-president of Trump Entertainment and was a board member of the Eric Trump Foundation.

, he has been under investigation by federal prosecutors on multiple matters, including bank fraud, wire fraud and campaign finance violations due to payments made by him in the Stormy Daniels–Trump scandal. The investigation led to him pleading guilty on August 21, 2018 to eight counts of campaign finance violations, tax fraud, and bank fraud. On December 12, 2018, Cohen was sentenced to three years in prison.

Cohen, after his conviction, wrote a memoir titled _Disloyal_, where he accused Trump of telling him to commit the crimes he was convicted of, and talked about his other personal stories.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Michael Cohen
- **image**: File:Michael Cohen headshot.jpg
- **caption**: Cohen in 2011
- **birth name**: Michael Dean Cohen
- **birth place**: Lawrence, Nassau County, New York, Lawrence, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **children**: 2
- **conviction**: Fraud; Perjury
Marina Silva

**Maria Osmarina Marina Silva Vaz de Lima** (born 8 February 1958) is a Brazilian politician. She was a presidential candidate in the 2018 Brazilian elections. She is a member of the Sustainability Party (REDE). She is known both for her pro-environmental views and her conservative social views. In the 2022 election, she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies. In 2023, she became the Minister of the Environment. She held this role from 2003 to 2008.

## Political career

Silva was a member of the Worker's Party (PT) until 2009. She was a Senator before becoming Minister of the Environment in 2003. She ran for president in the 2010 Brazilian elections as the candidate for the Green Party (PV).

In April 2014, Eduardo Campos announced his candidacy for the fall 2014 Presidential Election, naming Marina Silva as his Vice Presidential candidate. After Campos's death in a plane crash on August, she was selected to run as the Socialist Party's candidate for the Presidency.

## Honors

In 2012 she was one of eight people chosen to carry the flag for the opening ceremonies of the London Olympic Games.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Marina Silva
- **image**: (2022-09-14) Marina Silva 5 (52361148058) (cropped 2).jpg
- **caption**: Silva in 2022
- **office**: Ministry of the Environment (Brazil), Minister of the Environment
- **president**: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
- **term start**: 1 January 2023
- **predecessor**: Joaquim Alvaro Pereira Leite
- **term start1**: 1 January 2003
- **term end1**: 13 May 2008
- **president1**: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
- **predecessor1**: José Carlos Carvalho
- **successor1**: Carlos Minc
- **office2**: Member of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), Chamber of Deputies
- **title2**: Elect
- **term label2**: Assuming office
- **term2**: 1 February 2023
- **constituency2**: São Paulo (state), São Paulo
- **office3**: Spokesperson of the Sustainability Network
- **alongside3**: Zé Gustavo
- **term start3**: 22 September 2015
- **term end3**: 8 April 2018
- **successor3**: Pedro Ivo Batista
Laís Garcia
- **office4**: Federal Senate (Brazil), Senator for Acre (state), Acre
- **term start4**: 15 May 2008
- **term end4**: 1 February 2011
- **predecessor4**: Sibá Machado
- **successor4**: Jorge Viana
- **term start5**: 1 February 1995
- **term end5**: 2 February 2003
- **predecessor5**: Aluísio Bezerra
- **successor5**: Sibá Machado
- **office6**: Member of the Legislative Assembly of Acre
- **term start6**: 1 February 1991
- **term end6**: 1 February 1995
- **constituency6**: At-large
- **office7**: Member of the Municipal Chamber of Rio Branco, Acre, Rio Branco
- **term start7**: 1 January 1989
- **term end7**: 1 February 1991
- **constituency7**: At-large
- **birth name**: Maria Osmarina da Silva
- **birth place**: Rio Branco, Acre, Rio Branco, Acre (state), Acre, Brazil
- **children**: 4
- **party**: Sustainability Network, REDE (2015–present)
- **alma mater**: Federal University of Acre
Vice President of Brazil

The **Vice President of Brazil** (), officially the **Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil** (_Vice Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil_) is the second-highest government official in the executive branch of the government of Brazil.

## Roles

The Vice President's main job is to replace the president on the event of their death, resignation, or impeachment, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the President is abroad, or unable to carry out his or her duties.

The Vice President is elected with the president as his or her running mate.

## Living former Vice Presidents

There are two living former vice presidents. The most recent former president to die was Marco Maciel (1995–2002) on June 12, 2021.

## Other websites

- Vice-Presidency of Brazil Official Website
- Official vice presidential portrait

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Vice President
- **body**: the Federative Republic of Brazil
- **insignia**: Coat of arms of Brazil.svg
- **insigniasize**: 100px
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of arms of Brazil
- **style**: Mr. Vice President
(Informal)
His Excellency
(Formal)
- **status**: 2nd highest in executive branch
- **nominator**: President of Brazil, Political party
- **appointer**: National Congress of Brazil
- **termlength**: Four years, renewable once
- **seat**: Brasilia
- **member of**: Cabinet of Brazil, Cabinet
National Defense Council
- **residence**: Palácio do Jaburu
- **image**: Filiação do ex-governador Geraldo Alckmin (51958929014) (cropped).jpg
- **incumbent**: Geraldo Alckmin
- **incumbentsince**: 1 January 2023
- **department**: Federal government of Brazil
- **succession**: First
- **formation**: February 26, 1891
- **constituting instrument**: Constitution of Brazil
- **inaugural**: Marshal Floriano Peixoto
- **flag**: Flag of the Vice President of Brazil.svg
- **flagcaption**: Vice Presidential Standard
- **flagsize**: 150px
Marco Maciel

**Marco Antônio de Oliveira Maciel** (21 July 1940 – 12 June 2021) was a Brazilian politician, lawyer and law school professor. He was the 22nd Vice President of Brazil from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2002. He worked alongside President Fernando Henrique Cardoso in the 1994 and 1998 general elections.

He was a founder of the conservative PFL party, former ARENA.
Marco Maciel was married to Ana Maria Maciel and had three sons. He was also a practising Roman Catholic.

Maciel died on 12 June 2021 from multiple organ failure caused by COVID-19 in Brasília at the age of 80.

## Infobox (vice president)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Marco Maciel
- **image**: Marco maciel 2010.jpg
- **office**: Vice President of Brazil#List of Vice Presidents, 22nd Vice President of Brazil
- **term start**: January 1, 1995
- **term end**: December 31, 2002
- **president**: Fernando Henrique Cardoso
- **predecessor**: Itamar Franco
- **successor**: José Alencar
- **office2**: Federal Senate (Brazil), Senator for Pernambuco
- **term start2**: February 1, 2003
- **term end2**: February 1, 2011
- **term start3**: February 1, 1983
- **term end3**: December 15, 1994
- **office4**: Chief of Staff of Brazil, Chief of Staff of the Presidency
- **term start4**: February 14, 1986
- **term end4**: April 30, 1987
- **president4**: José Sarney
- **predecessor4**: José Hugo Castelo Branco
- **successor4**: Ronaldo Costa Couto
- **office5**: Ministry of Education (Brazil), Minister of Education
- **term start5**: March 15, 1985
- **term end5**: February 14, 1986
- **president5**: José Sarney
- **predecessor5**: Esther Figueiredo Ferraz, Esther de Figueiredo Ferraz
- **successor5**: Jorge Bornhausen
- **office6**: 45th Governor of Pernambuco
- **term start6**: March 15, 1979
- **term end6**: May 15, 1982
- **1blankname6**: Vice Governor
- **vicegovernor6**: Roberto Magalhães
- **predecessor6**: Moura Cavalcanti
- **successor6**: José Muniz Ramos
- **office7**: President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), President of the Chamber of Deputies
- **term start7**: February 28, 1977
- **term end7**: February 2, 1979
- **predecessor7**: Célio Borja
- **successor7**: Flávio Marcílio
- **office8**: Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), Federal Deputy for Pernambuco
- **term start8**: February 1, 1971
- **term end8**: February 1, 1979
- **office9**: Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco, State Deputy of Pernambuco
- **term start9**: February 1, 1967
- **term end9**: February 1, 1971
- **birth place**: Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- **death place**: Brasília, Brazil
- **parents**: José do Rego Maciel
Carmen Sílvia Cavalcanti
- **party**: National Renewal Alliance Party, ARENA
Democratic Social Party, PDS
Liberal Front Party (Brazil), PFL
Democrats (Brazil), DEM
- **signature**: (Marco Maciel) Presidente da Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil.jpg
Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff

The **impeachment of Dilma Rousseff**, the 36th President of Brazil, began on 2 December 2015 with a petition for her impeachment accepted by Eduardo Cunha, then president of the Chamber of Deputies. It continued into late 2016.

Rousseff, more than 12 months into her second four-year term, was charged with criminal administrative misconduct for the federal budget in violation of article 85 of the Constitution of Brazil.

Rousseff was formally impeached on 17 April 2016. On 12 May, the Senate voted to suspend Rousseff's powers for the duration of the trial, and Vice President Michel Temer became acting president. On 31 August 2016, the Senate removed President Rousseff from office by a 61–20 vote. Temer was sworn in as the 37th President of Brazil.

## Infobox (impeachment process)

- **image**: Processo de impeachment de Dilma Rousseff.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **accused**: Dilma Rousseff, 36th President of Brazil
- **proponents**: Hélio Bicudo, Miguel Reale Jr., Janaína Paschoal
- **outcome**: Rousseff found guilty, removed from office
- **accusations**: * Criminal administrative misconduct
* Disregarding the Brazilian federal budget
- **cause**: * Operation Car Wash
*Responsibility crimes for "fiscal pedaling"
*Opening of supplementary credits without Congress approval
- **header votes**: Legislative votes
- **vote1**: Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), Chamber of Deputies (17 April 2016)
- **accusation1**: Vote to open impeachment process
- **votes favor1**: 367
- **votes against1**: 137
- **present1**: 7
- **not voting1**: 2
- **result1**: Rousseff impeached
- **vote2**: Federal Senate (Brazil), Federal Senate (12 May 2016)
- **accusation2**: Vote to suspend Rousseff from the presidency
- **votes favor2**: 55
- **votes against2**: 22
- **present2**: 2
- **not voting2**: 1
- **result2**: Rousseff suspended from the presidency for the duration of the impeachment trial; Michel Temer became acting president
- **vote3**: Federal Senate (First vote, 31 August 2016)
- **accusation3**: Vote to remove Rousseff from office
- **votes favor3**: 61
- **votes against3**: 20
- **result3**: Rousseff found guilty of violating budgetary laws, removed from office; Temer became president
- **vote4**: Federal Senate (Second vote, 31 August 2016)
- **accusation4**: Vote to remove political rights
- **votes favor4**: 42
- **votes against4**: 36
- **present4**: 3
- **result4**: Rousseff retained political rights (54 "affirmative" votes necessary to bar her from political office)
- **vote5**: Superior Electoral Court (TSE) (9 June 2017)
- **accusation5**: Campaign finance violations during Rousseff's 2014 election campaign
- **votes favor5**: 3
- **votes against5**: 4
- **result5**: Rousseff acquitted
- **notes**: Temer remained president through 31 December 2018
Ciro Gomes

**Ciro Ferreira Gomes** (born 6 November 1957 in Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and academic. He is a member of the Democratic Labor Party (PDT). He was the PDT's presidential candidate in the 2018 Brazilian election and again in 2022.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Ciro Gomes
- **image**: Ciro Gomes na Carta Capital 2015 (foto 2) (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), Federal Deputy for Ceará
- **term start**: 1 February 2007
- **term end**: 1 February 2011
- **office1**: Ministry of National Integration, Minister of National Integration
- **term start1**: 1 January 2003
- **term end1**: 31 March 2006
- **president1**: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
- **predecessor1**: Luciano Barbosa
- **successor1**: Pedro Brito
- **office2**: Ministry of Finance (Brazil), Minister of Finance
- **term start2**: 6 September 1994
- **term end2**: 1 January 1995
- **president2**: Itamar Franco
- **predecessor2**: Rubens Ricupero
- **successor2**: Pedro Malan
- **office3**: 52nd Governor#Brazil, Governor of Ceará
- **term start3**: 15 March 1991
- **term end3**: 6 September 1994
- **vicegovernor3**: Lúcio Alcântara
- **predecessor3**: Tasso Jereissati
- **successor3**: Francisco Aguiar
- **office4**: 43rd Mayors in Brazil, Mayor of Fortaleza
- **term start4**: 1 January 1989
- **term end4**: 2 April 1990
- **predecessor4**: Maria Luíza Fontenele
- **successor4**: Juraci Magalhães
- **office5**: Legislative Assembly of Ceará, State Deputy of Ceará
- **term start5**: 1 February 1983
- **term end5**: 15 December 1988
- **birth place**: Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Brazil
- **alma mater**: Federal University of Ceará
- **spouse**:

- **party**: Democratic Social Party, PDS <small>(1979–1983)</small>
Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, PMDB <small>(1983–1988)</small>
Brazilian Social Democratic Party, PSDB <small>(1988–1996)</small>
Socialist People's Party (Brazil), PPS <small>(1996–2003)</small>
Brazilian Socialist Party, PSB <small>(2003–2013)</small>
Republican Party of the Social Order, PROS <small>(2013–2015)</small>
Democratic Labour Party (Brazil), PDT <small>(2015–present)</small>
Pindamonhangaba

**Pindamonhangaba** is a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is located in the Paraíba valley, between the two most active production regions in the country, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

This place name comes from the Old Tupi language meaning _where hooks are made_ or, according to a different meanings, _where the river bends_.
Álvaro Dias

**Álvaro Dias** (born December 7, 1944) is a Brazilian politician. He has represented Paraná in the Federal Senate since 1999. He was the governor of Paraná. He is a member of Podemos. He was born in Quatá, São Paulo.

Dias is a member of PODE and is the party's presidential candidate in the 2018 election.