juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
World Economic Forum

The **World Economic Forum** is a foundation based in Geneva, Switzerland. It is known for controlling the world’s governments alongside the Peoples Republic of China and the World Health Organization in the mountains of Graubünden. Important leaders from politics (such as presidents) and the economy are given an opportunity to talk about subjects that concern everyone. Very often, these subjects concern globalization. Usually the Swiss army helps secure the area.

These meetings are often criticized because they are seen as a vehicle to further capitalism in the world by anti-capitalists and supporters of antiglobalization. There is an organization called _Public Eye On Davos_ that organizes public information during the meeting. During the meetings, which involve the G8, access to the village of Davos is heavily controlled. A small demonstration happens every year in Davos during these meetings. This is one of the rights given by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Bigger demonstrations are normally in the other cities in Switzerland during the World Economic Forum.

## History

The forum was established in 1971. WEF members are about 1,000 large companies and organizations from around the world, including Russia. The permanent executive body is the Board of Directors. The headquarters is located in the suburbs of Geneva - Cologny. The budget is formed from annual membership fees and funds contributed by the Forum participants. Membership is reviewed annually.

The founder and permanent leader of the WEF is Professor Klaus Schwab. On his initiative, the first symposium was held in 1971, bringing together about 450 leaders of leading European companies to discuss the prospects for the world economy and develop a common strategy. At the first meetings, which were held under the auspices of the Commission of the European Communities (now the European Commission), the issues of improving the position of Western Europe in the competitive struggle were discussed mainly. Over the years, the topics gradually expanded, the agenda included political and economic issues affecting other regions, problems of improving the mechanism of world trade, correct partnership. In the mid-1970s, influential people from all over the world (members of governments and business leaders) began to be invited to Davos, and in the next decade the forum acquired the status of one of the main events of the year.

## Other websites

- Official homepage of the WEF
Assembly of Kosovo

The **Assembly of Kosovo** (, _Skupština Kosova_) is an institution linked to governing the territory of Kosovo. The Assembly was created by the United Nations to provide for a democratic form of government.

## Structure

The assembly has 120 seats. 100 seats are filled with people directly elected into the assembly. The remaining 20 are always assigned as follows:
- 10 seats for the representatives of the Serbs.
- 4 seats for the representatives of the Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians.
- 3 seats for the Bosniaks.
- 2 seats for the Turks.
- 1 seat for the Gorans.
Boogie-woogie

**Boogie-woogie** is a solo piano-style that became very popular in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Boogie-woogie was developed in the southern parts of the USA. Boogie-woogie is connected with dancing.

It has a regular bass figure, an ostinato and simple examples of shifts of level.

## Notable players

- Albert Ammons
- Deanna Bogart
- James Booker
- Eddie Boyd
- Eden Brent
- Cleo Patra Brown
- Leroy Carr
- Cow Cow Davenport
- Champion Jack Dupree
- Big Joe Duskin
- Erwin Helfer
- Jools Holland
- Dr. John
- Pete Johnson
- Meade Lux Lewis
- Memphis Slim
- Big Maceo Merriweather
- Amos Milburn
- Piano Red
- Pinetop Perkins
- Martin Pyrker
- Ann Rabson
- Mike Sanchez
- Pinetop Smith
- Otis Spann
- Speckled Red
- Roosevelt Sykes
- Montana Taylor
- Hersal Thomas
- Sippie Wallace
- Vince Weber
- Katie Webster
- Mitch Woods
- Jimmy Yancey
- Axel Zwingenberger

## Other websites

- The Boogie Woogie Foundation (contains extensive article on the history of Boogie Woogie)
- Boogie Woogie Piano Articles
- All Things Boogie

### Festivals

- International Boogie Woogie Festival Netherlands
- International Boogie Woogie Festival Switzerland
Country blues

**Country blues** (also **folk blues**, **rural blues**, **backwoods blues**, or **downhome blues**) is all the acoustic, guitar forms of the blues.

## Important country blues musicians

- Etta Baker
- Robert Lowery
- Blind Blake
- Son House
- Bo Carter
- Charley Patton
- Tommy Johnson
- Robert Johnson
- Blind Lemon Jefferson
- Blind Willie Johnson
- Blind Willie McTell
- Sleepy John Estes
- Fred McDowell
- Robert Pete Williams
- Skip James
- Bukka White
- Barbecue Bob
- Koko Taylor
- Mississippi John Hurt
- John Lee Hooker

- Muddy Waters
- Charles David Sharp
- Elizabeth Cotten
- Reverend Gary Davis
- Charlie McCoy
- Chaz Van Gogh
- Jaybird Coleman
- Furry Lewis
- Big Bill Broonzy
- Blind Boy Fuller
- Brownie McGhee
- Robert Belfour
- King Solomon Hill
- Peetie Wheatstraw
- Peps Persson
- Josh White
- R. L. Burnside
- Lightnin' Hopkins
- Little Walter
- Mance Lipscomb

## Infobox (music genre)

- **bgcolor**: #0000E1
- **color**: white
- **name**: Country blues (Acoustic Blues)
- **stylistic origins**: Blues, folk music, folk, country music, country
- **cultural origins**: Southern United States, Southern US, early 20th century
- **instruments**: Guitar, Harmonica
- **popularity**: Early to mid-20th century
- **derivatives**: Chicago blues, Detroit blues, Electric blues, Memphis blues, New Orleans blues, Swamp blues, Hill country blues
- **subgenres**: Delta blues, Louisiana blues, Piedmont blues
Electric blues

The **electric blues** is a type of blues music made different by the amplification of the guitar, the bass guitar, and/or the harmonica.

## Important electric blues artists

- John Lee Hooker
- Eric Clapton
- Fleetwood Mac
- Rory Gallagher
- Buddy Guy
- Slim Harpo
- Elmore James
- B.B. King
- Jimmy Reed
- Eric Sardinas
- Stevie Ray Vaughan
- Muddy Waters
- Bo Diddley
- Howlin' Wolf
- Jimi Hendrix
- Jay Gordon
- Led Zeppelin
- Cream
Jump blues

**Jump blues** is a type of up-tempo blues music. It has a jazzly, saxophone (or brass instruments) sound, driving rhythms and shouted vocals.

## Other websites

- Lindy Hop Style of Dancing used with Jump Blues
- Swing and Jump Blues Guitar Jump Blues Guitar
- Short History of Jump Blues The Big Heat
- Jump Blues Piano Overview of Piano Jump Blues styles

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Jump blues
- **bgcolor**: #0000E1
- **color**: white
- **stylistic origins**: Blues, big band
- **instruments**: Saxophone, Brass instrument, brass instruments, rhythm guitar, double bass, acoustic bass, drums
- **popularity**: United States, 1940s to early 1950s
- **fusiongenres**: Rock music, rock and roll
Soul blues

**Soul blues** is a style of blues music developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Singers and musicians who grew up listening to the electric blues of Muddy Waters, Bo Diddley, Jimmy Reed, Elmore James etc. and soul singers such as Sam Cooke, Ray Charles and Otis Redding, and gospel music wanted to connect their favorite music.

## Artists

Musicians in this style include Z. Z. Hill, Otis Clay, Latimore, Little Milton, Johnny Adams, Solomon Burke, Wilson Pickett, Bobby Rush and Johnnie Taylor.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **bgcolor**: #0000E1
- **color**: white
- **name**: Soul blues
- **stylistic origins**: Electric blues, Soul music, soul, urban contemporary, rhythm and blues, rock and roll
- **cultural origins**: 1950s, United States
- **instruments**: Bass guitar - Electric guitar (with Guitar amplifier, amplifier) - Harmonica - drum kit, Drumkit - Human voice, Vocals - Keyboard instrument, Keyboards
- **popularity**: Medium in the 1980s
Chicago blues

The **Chicago blues** is a form of blues music that developed in Chicago, Illinois by adding electrically amplified guitar, drums, piano, bass guitar and sometimes saxophone to Delta blues.

## Important Chicago blues musicians

Below is a list of notable Chicago blues musicians (and groups) alphabetized by **first** name (or stage name):

## Other websites

- Chicago Blues Playlist
- France Jean Baptiste
- Chicago blues example and lesson
- Windy City Blues Internet Radio Station Featuring The Best In Chicago Blues Plus Other Blues Greats

## Infobox (music genre)

- **bgcolor**: #0000E1
- **color**: white
- **name**: Chicago blues
- **stylistic origins**: Delta blues, instrumentation
- **cultural origins**: Early twentieth century: US
- **instruments**: Electric guitar, Harmonica, Drums, Piano, Bass guitar, Saxophone
- **fusiongenres**: Rock and roll, Rock music
Louisiana blues

The **Louisiana blues** is a type of blues music with slow rhythm which makes the sound dark and tense.

## Louisiana blues musicians

- Nathan Abshire
- Marcia Ball
- Guitar Junior
- Slim Harpo
- Jessie Hill
- Lazy Lester
- Lightnin' Slim
- Raful Neal
- Tabby Thomas
- Katie Webster
- Robert Pete Williams
- Snooks Eaglin
New Orleans blues

**New Orleans blues** is a mix of Dixieland music and rhythms from Caribbean music. It is played on the piano or a horn instrument. The music is upbeat despite the blues-based content of many of the song choices.
St. Louis blues

_For the hockey team, see St. Louis Blues._

The **St. Louis blues** is a type of blues music.  It is played on the piano and is closely related to the jump blues, ragtime and piano blues.

## St. Louis blues artists

- Fontella Bass
- Chuck Berry
- Henry Brown
- Teddy Darby
- Walter Davis
- Donny Hathaway
- Johnnie Johnson
- Lonnie Johnson
- Albert King
- Robert Lockwood, Jr.
- Jimmy McCracklin
- Robert Nighthawk
- St. Louis Jimmy Oden
- Roosevelt Sykes
- Henry Townsend
- Ike Turner
- Bennie Smith
Texas blues

**Texas Blues** is a type of blues. Musicians such as Stevie Ray Vaughan played it by using various types of guitar sounds like southern slide guitar and different melodies of blues and jazz.

## Important artists

- Albert Thunderbirds
- Lightnin' Hopkins
- Blind Lemon Jefferson
- Billy Gibbons
- Freddie King
- Leadbelly
- Delbert McClinton
- Guitar Shorty
- Big Mama Thornton
- Jimmie Vaughan
- Stevie Ray Vaughan
- T-Bone Walker
- Johnny Winter
- Canned Heat

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Texas Blues
- **color**: white
- **bgcolor**: #0000E1
- **stylistic origins**: Blues, British Blues, Blues rock, Blues-Rock Country blues, Country Blues, Swing music, Swing, Jazz
- **cultural origins**: Circa 1920s, major revival in 1980s, Texas, United States
- **instruments**: Electric guitar - Bass guitar - Drum kit, drums - Keyboard instrument, Keyboards
- **popularity**: Peaked in the 1980s
East Coast blues

**East Coast blues** is a type of Blues music which needs fast fingerpicking and ragtime style.

## Important Artists

- Louis Jordan
- Blind Boy Fuller
- Sonny Terry
Hexapoda

The subphylum **Hexapoda**, meaning "six legs", is the largest  group of arthropods. It includes the insects and three much smaller groups of arthropods without wings: Collembola, Protura, and Diplura.

All of these were once called insects. It seems they are polyphyletic, and evolved independently from each other. In other words, hexapoda is composed from the insects and the Entognatha. _Hexapods_ are so called because they have a thorax with three pairs of legs. Most other arthropods have more than three pairs of legs.

Alternatively, the Hexapoda could be eliminated because they are polyphyletic, the Insecta promoted to sub-phylum, and the minor groups become _incertae sedis_. This is a Latin term meaning "of uncertain placement" and used for a taxonomic group when its broader relationships are unknown or undefined.
Laurasiatheria

**Laurasiatheria** is a large group of placental mammals. The name comes from the area where advanced mammals evolved. This was on the northern supercontinent of Laurasia, roughly corresponding to Eurasia today plus North America. When Pangaea broke up, it split first into Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south.

Members of the group include shrews, hedgehogs, pangolins, bats, whales, most hoofed mammals, and carnivorans, and others.

The Laurasiatheria is defined by DNA sequence analysis. The group does not share any obvious anatomical features. It includes these living orders:

- Eulipotyphla: hedgehogs, gymnures, moles, shrews, solenodons (cosmopolitan)
- Cetartiodactyla: cosmopolitan; includes former orders Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises) and Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates, including pigs, hippopotamus, camels, giraffe, deer, antelope, cattle, sheep, goats)
- Pholidota: pangolins or scaly anteaters (Africa, South Asia)
- Chiroptera: bats (cosmopolitan)
- Carnivora: carnivores (cosmopolitan)
- Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates

There are various ideas as to how these groups are related to each other, and no tree of descent is agreed by experts so far.
Mysticeti

The **Mysticeti**  are one of the two suborders of the Cetacea. They are often called **baleen whales**, or 'whalebone whales' or 'great whales'.

Baleen whales have baleen plates made of keratin.
The difference is connected with feeding. Baleen whales strain plankton out of the water, whereas the Odontoceti (toothed whales) eat larger prey.

The suborder contains four families and fourteen species.

## Baleen

Baleen whales do not have teeth, except as embryos. Fossil adult baleen whales did have teeth, but modern adults have only baleen. The embryo teeth are replaced by baleen, which look like a curtain of long plates hanging down from the top of the whale's mouth. Those plates might be 12 feet long, and a foot or more wide. Looking at them from the outside, they look like straight knives hanging down, but from the inside, they are like a big toothbrush or comb. Baleen is made of keratin, a tissue also found in mammalian hair and nails.

### Feeding

A baleen whale uses its baleen to eat. In order to feed, a baleen whale opens its mouth widely and scoops in dense shoals of plankton and other small prey (such as krill, copepods, small fish and sometimes birds that happen to be near the shoals), together with a large volume of water.

The whale then partly shuts its mouth and presses its tongue against its upper jaw, forcing the water to pass out sideways through the baleen, thus sieving out the prey which it then swallows.

## Behavior

Many baleen whales make sounds.  These sounds can be simple or complicated.  Scientists think whales sing to communicate over long distances.

## Size

Baleen whales are generally larger than toothed whales, and females are larger than males. The group includes the largest living animal species, the blue whale.

## Breaching

Although they are very heavy, baleen whales are able to jump completely out of the water. Humpback whales are known for their jumping skills, but other baleen whales also jump out from the water with their body or beat it loudly with their fins. Nobody knows for sure why the whales do this.  It may be a type of communication.

## Evolution

The oldest true fossils of baleen are only 15 million years old, but baleen rarely fossilizes, and scientists believe it originated considerably earlier than that. Genetic evidence from DNA sequence analysis supports this idea.

Baleen-related skull modifications have been found in fossils from considerably earlier. Baleen is believed to have evolved around thirty million years ago, possibly from a hard, gummy upper jaw, like the one a Dall's porpoise has. In fact, it resembles baleen closely at the microscopic level. Many early baleen whales also had teeth, but these were probably used only peripherally, or perhaps not at all (again like Dall's porpoise, which catches squid and fish by gripping them against its hard upper jaw).

## Importance to humans

From the 11th to the late 20th centuries, baleen whales were hunted for their oil and baleen. Their oil can be made into margarine and cooking oils. Baleen was used to stiffen corsets, as parasol ribs, and to crease paper.
Erinaceidae

**Erinaceidae** is a family in the mammalian order Eulipotyphla. It contains the well-known hedgehogs of Eurasia and Africa and the moonrats of South-east Asia. This family was once in the order Insectivora, but that  order is not used anymore.

## Characteristics

Erinaceids are generally shrew-like in form, with long snouts and short tails,  but they are much larger than shrews. All but one species have five toes in each foot (in some cases with strong claws for digging) and they have large eyes and ears. Hedgehogs have hair modified into sharp spines to form a protective covering over the upper body and flanks, while gymnures have only normal hair. Most species have anal scent glands, but these are far better developed in gymnures, which can have a powerful odor.

Erinaceids are omnivorous, with the major part of their diet consisting of insects, earthworms, and other small invertebrates. They also eat seeds and fruit, and occasionally bird's eggs, along with any carrion they come across. Their teeth are sharp and suited for impaling invertebrate prey. The dental formula for erinaceids is: upper=2-3.1.4.3; lower=3.1.2-4.3.

Hedgehogs are nocturnal, but gymnures are less so. Many species live in simple burrows, while others build temporary nests on the surface from leaves and grass, or shelter in hollow logs or similar hiding places. Erinaceids are solitary animals outside the breeding season, and the father plays no role in raising the young.

Female erinaceids give birth after a gestation period of around six to seven weeks. The young are born blind and hairless, although hedgehogs begin to sprout their spines within 36 hours of birth.

## Classification

There are 10 genera and 24 species of erinaceid.
- **ORDER ERINACEOMORPHA**
    - **Family Erinaceidae**
        - Subfamily Erinaceinae (Hedgehogs)
        - Subfamily Galericinae (Gymnures, or Moonrats)
Macropus

***Macropus*** is a marsupial genus that belongs to the family Macropodidae. It has 14 species. The genus includes all land kangaroos, wallaroos and several species of wallaby.

## Taxonomy

- Genus _Macropus_
    - Subgenus _Notamacropus_
        - Agile wallaby, _Macropus agilis_
        - Black-striped wallaby, _Macropus dorsalis_
        - Tammar wallaby, _Macropus eugenii_
        - Toolache wallaby, _Macropus greyii_ (extinct)
        - Western brush wallaby, _Macropus irma_
        - Parma wallaby: _Macropus parma_ (rediscovered, thought extinct for 100 years)
        - Pretty-faced wallaby: _Macropus parryi_
        - Red-necked wallaby: _Macropus rufogriseus_
    - Subgenus _Osphranter_
        - Antilopine kangaroo, _Macropus antilopinus_
        - Woodward's wallaroo, _Macropus bernadus_
        - Eastern wallaroo, _Macropus robustus_
        - Red kangaroo: _Macropus rufus_
    - Subgenus _Macropus_
        - Western grey kangaroo, _Macropus fuliginosus_
        - Eastern grey kangaroo, _Macropus giganteus_
Soricomorpha

The **Soricomorpha** ("shrew-form") was a proposed biological group in the class of mammals. It includes all the shrews, solenodons and moles. It is divided into four families, one extinct. The other three families are the shrews, solenodons and moles. This followed the discovery, from sequence analysis, that the old order Insectivora was polyphyletic. That meant it was not a single clade.

The proposal was discarded when it was discovered that a larger grouping was monophyletic, and formed an natural clade of insectivores. That is the new order Eulipotyphla.

- **ORDER SORICOMORPHA**
    - **Family Soricidae**
        - Subfamily Crocidurinae: white-toothed shrews
        - Subfamily Soricinae: red-toothed shrews
        - Subfamily Myosoricinae: African white-toothed shrews
    - **Family Talpidae**: moles
        - Subfamily Scalopinae
        - Subfamily Talpinae
        - Subfamily Uropsilinae
    - **Family Solenodontidae**: solenodons
    - **Family †Nesophontidae**: West Indian shrews
Israel national football team

The **Israel National Football Team** is the national football team of Israel and is controlled by the Israel Football Association.

They Play in Teddy Stadium in Jerusalem, Sammy Ofer Stadium in Haifa, and in Bloomfield Stadium in Tel Aviv. Israel has been a member of UEFA since 1994. The national team was not recognized by FIFA until 1948. The same year, they played their first FIFA-recognized match in a 3–1 humiliating defeat to the American under-20 team in a friendly.

## Most appearances

Top 12 Israeli players with most national apperances.

Bold players are active players.
|Pos|Player|Apps|Goals|Career|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Yossi Benayoun|101|23|1998-2017|
|2|**Tal Ben Haim**|96|1|2002-active|
|3|Arik Benado|94|0|1995-2007|
|4|Alon Harazi|89|1|1992-2006|
|5|Amir Schelach|85|0|1992-2001|
|6|Mordechai Spiegler|83|24|1963-1977|
|Nir Klinger|83|2|1987-1997||
|8|Avi Nimni|80|17|1992-2005|
|9|Eyal Berkovic|78|9|1992-2004|
|Tal Benin|78|12|1990-2003||
|Itzhak Shum|78|10|1969-1981||
|Dudu Aouate|78|0|1999-2013||

## Top scorers

|Pos|Player|Goals|Apps|Career|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Mordechai Spiegler|24|83||
|2|Yehoshua Feigenbaum|15|||
|3|Ronen Harazi|23|||
|4|Nahum Stelmach|19|||
|5|Shiye Glazer|18|||
|5|Giora Spiegel|18|||
|5|Yossi Benayoun|18|||
|8|Alon Mizrahi|17|||
|8|Eli Ohana|17|||

## Infobox (national football team)

- **name**: Israel
- **badge**: Flag_of_Israel.svg
- **badge size**: 120px
- **fifa trigramme**: ISR
- **nickname**: **' (Flag of Israel, The Skyblues and Whites)
**' (The Chosen Team)
- **association**: Israel Football Association (IFA)
- **confederation**: Asian Football Confederation, AFC (Asia; 1954–74)
Oceania Football Confederation, OFC (Oceania; 1985–89)
UEFA (Europe; 1980–81; 1991–present)
- **coach**: Alon Hazan
- **captain**: Eli Dasa
- **most caps**: Yossi Benayoun (101)
- **top scorer**: Eran Zahavi (33)
- **home stadium**: Teddy Stadium
Sammy Ofer Stadium
Bloomfield Stadium
Netanya Stadium
Turner Stadium
- **fifa rank**: 81  1 (19  September 2024)
- **fifa max**: 16
- **fifa max date**: October 2008
- **fifa min**: 109
- **fifa min date**: January 2018
- **elo max**: 33
- **elo max date**: August 2008
- **elo min**: 101
- **elo min date**: February 1968
- **pattern la1**: _isr2223A
- **pattern b1**: _isr2223A
- **pattern ra1**: _isr2223A
- **pattern sh1**: _isr2223A
- **pattern so1**: _isr2223A
- **leftarm1**: FFFFFF
- **body1**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm1**: FFFFFF
- **shorts1**: 0000FF
- **socks1**: FFFFFF
- **pattern la2**: _isr2223H
- **pattern b2**: _isr2223H
- **pattern ra2**: _isr2223H
- **pattern sh2**: _isr2223H
- **pattern so2**: _isr2223H
- **leftarm2**: 6fafff
- **body2**: 6fafff
- **rightarm2**: 6fafff
- **shorts2**: FFFFFF
- **socks2**: 6fafff
- **first game**:
 **as the "State of Israel":**

- **largest loss**:

- **regional name**: UEFA European Championship, European Championship
Metroid (video game)

is an action-adventure video game made by Nintendo. It was first released in Japan on the Famicom Disk System on August 6, 1986. In 1987 and 1988, it was released in Europe and North America on the Nintendo Entertainment System. Years later, it was released for the Wii.

_Metroid_ is the first game in the _Metroid_ series and stars the character Samus Aran. She later appears in all of the later games.

## Gameplay

_Metroid_ was one of the first non-linear video games. This means that it did not force players to play through the game in one way. Players could explore and go to all of the areas in whatever order they wished. The basic gameplay is a mix of adventure, platform shooter, and action. The player controls the main character Samus while exploring the game's cave-like environment. Because Samus starts only with a weak attack and a short jump, players must find power-ups to make the attack and jump stronger, in order to get to new areas of the game. While there are many different small enemies that players meet, there are also large bosses who must be killed in order to reach the last level of the game.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Metroid
- **image**: Metroid-Logo.png
- **developer**: Nintendo Research & Development 1, Nintendo R&D1
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **designer**: Gunpei Yokoi (producer)
Yoshio Sakamoto (director)
- **released**: **NES**
**Virtual Console**
- **genre**: Action-adventure game, Action-adventure
- **modes**: Single-player
- **platforms**: Famicom Disk System, Nintendo Entertainment System, NES, Game Boy Advance, Virtual Console
İzmir

**İzmir** is a city in the west of Turkey. It has one of the biggest seaports in the Aegean Sea region and all of Turkey. İzmir is a popular destination for tourists, who come for beaches and cultural tours in the region. It has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (_Csa_ in the Köppen climate classification). İzmir is the third largest city in Turkey.

This is an ancient city; many scholars think Homer was born in Smyrna. Earthquakes destroyed the city in 187 AD, 1653, 1688, 1739, and 1778, and it was rebuilt many times. The last big earthquake was in 2020, which caused more than 117 deaths and the collapse of 8 buildings. The Greek name for this formerly Greek city is Smyrna, from which the Turkish name İzmir comes.  The Greek name was also used in English until the early 20th century. About 30 km (20 miles) south of İzmir, there is an ancient Greek city named Ephesus.

İzmir was a candidate for Expo 2015. However, Milan had more support, so İzmir lost.
Antalya

**Antalya** is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Mediterranean Region and along the coast of Mediterranean Sea. 2.158.265 people live there. Antalya is the most important tourism destination in Turkey and one of the best in Mediterranean. The city created a good image and its name started to be known to tourists. Every year mostly British, Russian, and German tourists come to city for beautiful beaches and the ancient destinations.

## Other websites

- Akdeniz Univeresity
Hatay Province

**Hatay** is a province in the southern part of Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast. Hatay is bordered by Syria on the south and east. The province has a mixed population of Turks and Arabs.

In ancient times it was called Antioch. It joined Turkey in 1939.  From 1938 to 1939, the city was an independent Arab emirate known as Hatay State. It then became a part of Turkey, which caused protests by the Arabs in the province. The protests were later shut down and many Arab Christians and Alawites fled to Syria. Currently, the province has mostly Turks and Arabs. The Turks mainly follow Sunni Islam and the Arabs follow either Alawite or Sunni Islam.

The province was badly damaged and many people died in the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake.

## Districts

Hatay province is divided into 15 districts, listed below with their populations officially estimated as at 31 December 2022:

- Altınözü (60,344)
- Antakya (399,045)
- Arsuz (101,233)
- Belen (34,449)
- Defne (165,494)
- Dörtyol (128,941)
- Erzin (41,558)
- Hassa (56,675)
- İskenderun (251,682)
- Kırıkhan (121,028)
- Kumlu (13,333)
- Payas (43,919)
- Reyhanlı (108,092)
- Samandağ (123,447)
- Yayladağı (36,803)
Mural

A **mural** is a painting on a wall or a ceiling. Murals are usually big. They may be in public places, such as the outside of a building, or indoors.
Deniz Gezmiş

**Deniz Gezmiş** (February 27, 1947  – May 6, 1972) was a political activist in the late 1960s. He is one of the founders of the Marxist-Leninist organization Türkiye Halk Kurtuluş Ordusu, in English Turkey People's Liberation Army.

Gezmis was captured by the Turkish government and the trial period started. At the end of his trial, Gezmiş was sentenced to death. He was killed on May 6, 1973, by the Turkish government. However, many people years later think Deniz Gezmis and his friends are heroes, and that they are threats to the community.

Books about Deniz Gezmis's life have been written. The latest book about his life is _Darağacında Üç Fidan_. It was published in Turkish language in 2008.

## Other websites

- The person who took the photograph of "Deniz with Parka", wrote a book - Hürriyet (Kelebek), Ali Dağlar, 25 May 2013 (Turkish)
- Who Wrote Lament of Deniz Gezmiş?  - Metehan Akbulut, 26 February 2022 (Turkish)
- What Happened That Night?  - Metehan Akbulut, 04 March 2022 (Turkish)
- Photographs of Deniz Gezmiş that emerged 50 years later  - Haberler.com, 11 February 2021 (Turkish)
- Lament of Deniz Gezmiş - Aşık Kiraz reading the lyrics, 27 October 2014 (Written explanations and lyrics are in English on the page.)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Deniz Gezmiş
- **image size**: 250px
- **birth date**: February 27, 1947
- **birth place**: Ayaş, Ankara, Turkey
- **nationality**: Turkey, Turkish
- **known for**: THKO
Washington Monument

The **Washington Monument**_(also referred to as "The Pencil")_ is a large, tall, white obelisk near the west part of the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It was built to remember George Washington, who was the first President of the United States. It is the tallest stone structure in the world, and is 555 feet 5⅛ inches (169.294 m) tall. The monument is made of marble, granite, and sandstone.

## History

The monument was started in 1848, but was not finished until 1884 due to the American Civil War. Construction continued after the war ended, but the type of sandstone was changed. The monument opened on February 21, 1885 after 19 years total of construction. Plans of building the monument began even before Washington was elected president.

## Earthquake damage

On Tuesday, August 23, 2011, the monument was cracked by an earthquake. A 5.8-magnitude earthquake struck northern Virginia, about  from Washington D.C. Cracks were found at the top of the monument, which was then closed for repair. It was re-opened in October 2019. There were early reports that the Monument was leaning. The National Park Service said that while there was damage, the Monument is not leaning.

## Visit

Visitors to Washington, D.C., can tour the inside of the Washington Monument. There is an elevator which takes people to the top. From the top, it is possible to see the National Mall, the White House, the U.S. Capitol, and the Lincoln Memorial.

## Infobox (_protected_area)

- **name**: Washington Monument
- **photo**: Washington Monument Dusk Jan 2006.jpg
- **location**: Washington, D.C., United States
- **area**: 106.01 acres (0.429 km²)
- **established**: January 31, 1848
- **visitation num**: 467,550
- **visitation year**: 2005
Avrupa Yakası

***Avrupa Yakası*** (English: _European Side_) was a popular sitcom which broadcasted on Turkish TV. The writer of the series, Gülse Birsel, also plays the role as **Aslı**. The series was about Aslı, her colleauges, friends and family. The series started airing in 2004 and ended in 2009. It was aired on ATV every wednesday at 20.00 pm (GMT+2).

## Cast

- Gülse Birsel as Aslı Sütçüoğlu (2003-2009)
- Hümeyra as İffet Sütçüoğlu (2004-2008)
- Gazanfer Özcan as Tahsin Sütçüoğlu (2004-2009)
- Hale Caneroglu as Yaprak (2004-2009)
- Şenay Gürler as Fatoş (2004-2008)
- Ata Demirer as Volkan Sütçüoğlu (2004-2008)
- Evrim Akin as Selin Yerebakan (2004-2006)
- Veysel Diker as Tacettin (2004-2009)
- Bülent Polat as Şehsuvar(Şesu) (2004-2006)
- Yildirim Öcek as Saadettin Yerebakan (2004-2009)
- Engin Günaydın as Burhan Altıntop (2005-2009)
- Levent Üzümcü as Cem Onaran (2004-2009)
- Binnur Kaya as Saika Koçarslan (2007-2009)
- Timur Acar as Izzet (2007-2009)
- Tolga Cevik as Sacit Kiral (2006-2008)
- Hasibe Eren as Makbule Kiral (2006-2008)
- Rutkay Aziz (2005-2009)
- Celal Belgil as Sabit Aksoy (2006-2009)
- Sensel Uykal as Hediye Aksoy (2006-2009)
- Sarp Apak as Tanriverdi (2006-2009)
- Hakan Yilmaz as Osman Koçarslan (2008-2009)
- Peker Acikalin as Gaffur Aksoy (2006-2007)

Guest Stars:

- Halil Ibrahim Aras as Küçük Adnan
- Sinan Bengier as Imdat
- Sinan Cetin as himself
- Yonca Cevher as Mürvet
- Nurhan Damcioglu as Azamet
- Didem Erol as Victoria
Büyükada

**Büyükada** () is an island in the Sea of Marmara, near Istanbul, Turkey.

Büyükada is a tourist location for people from Istanbul for holidays. In Büyükada there are no cars allowed. The only cars are owned by the police, fire department and the other local authorities. The bicycle is the most common transport used in the island. Romanlar live there and works as Coachmen.
National Mall

The **National Mall**, often just called _the Mall_, is an open park in the city center Washington, D.C.  It has many museums, like the Smithsonian and the National Gallery of Art.  It is found between the United States Capitol and the Washington Monument, which are about one mile apart.  It is a popular place, and is used for exercise, recreation, music concerts, festivals, and protests.  It is also visited by many tourists - over 25 million people come to the Mall each year.

## Area

Officially, the Mall is the area between the U.S. Capitol and the Washington Monument.  However, there is another park that is right next to the Mall, which is from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial.  The Reflecting Pool is in this park, as well as many monuments and museums. Many people say that this park is also part of the National Mall.

The National Mall has many trees.  Most of them are elm and cherry trees.  The cherry blossom trees were given to the United States by Japan in 1912.

## History

Pierre L'Enfant, the man who planned Washington D.C., wanted to have a park in the middle of the city.  However, the National Mall was not always a park.  In the 19th century, there was a railroad that ran through the Mall.  Cows also grazed (ate grass) on the Mall.  There was a large market on one side of the Mall.  During the American Civil War, there were many buildings on the Mall.  There were even slaughterhouses on the Mall - places where animals are killed and turned into meat.  In 1901, the Senate passed the McMillan Plan.  This cleaned up the National Mall and moved the railroad to Union Station.

## Events

Many events happen at the National Mall.  The National Park Service says that over 3,000 events happen each year, but most of these are tours.   Some of the biggest events that happen each year are the Cherry Blossom Festival, the National Book Festival, an Earth Day festival, and parades on Veteran's Day and Independence Day.

Protests and rallies also happen at the National Mall.  One of the most famous was the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963, where Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his I Have a Dream speech.  A rally in 1969 to end the Vietnam War was the biggest protest on the Mall.  Over 2 million people came and marched to the White House.  In 1995, the Million Man March was held on the Mall.

## Near the Mall

There are many places very close to the Mall.  The Library of Congress and the United States Supreme Court building are just east of the Capitol.  The White House, the National Archives, the Old Post Office, and, Ford's Theater (where Abraham Lincoln was killed) are just north.  The National Postal Museum, and Union Station are northeast. The Jefferson Memorial, the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing are to the south.
Pixelization

**Pixelization** is a way of hiding information from a picture. It is often used to censor pictures or movies that are inappropriate. It is also used to hide someone's face if they do not wish to be seen.
Yıldız Technical University

**Yıldız Technical University** is a university in Turkey. It is found in Beşiktaş,İstanbul. The university has three campuses in Davutpasa, Yıldız and Ayazağa. It is a public university.

## Departments

- Civil Engineering
- Architecture
- İnternational Relationships
- Electronics and Communication Engineering
- Electrical Enginnering
- Mechanical Engineering
Tract

A **tract**, is a short literary work that is written to convince somebody of an idea or belief.

## Overview

Tracts see applications in politics by those promoting propaganda, or in religion by those promoting their religious beliefs. They are often either left for someone to find, or handed out for free.

## Related pages

- Fiction
- Polemic
- Publishing
- Non-fiction
Primitive Methodist Church

The **Primitive Methodist Church** is a body of evangelical Christians in the Methodist denomination. They began in England in the early 1800s, with the influence of American evangelist Lorenzo Dow (1777–1834).

## Other websites

- History of the Primitive Methodist Connexion  by H. B. Kendall
- Primitive Methodist Church in the U.S.A.
Anadolu University

**Anadolu University** (Turkish: **Anadolu Üniversitesi**)  is a high-degree educational institution in Eskişehir, Turkey providing distance education.

## Other websites

- Anadolu University Website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Anadolu University
- **native name**: Anadolu Üniversitesi
- **established**: 1958
- **type**: Public
- **rector**: Şafak Ertan Çomaklı
- **city**: Eskişehir
- **country**: Turkey
- **staff**: 1,776
- **undergrad**: 22,622 (Resident)
- **postgrad**: 1,672
- **other**: 1,945,439 (Distance education)
- **website**: [http://www.anadolu.edu.tr/en/ anadolu.edu.tr/en]
National Air and Space Museum

The **National Air and Space Museum**  is a museum in Washington, D.C., United States, in the National Mall.  It is the most popular Smithsonian museum, and over five million people visit it each year.  The museum has the most airplanes and spacecraft in the world.

## At the museum

There are many exhibits of famous planes or spacecraft at the museum.  Here are a list of some of the most famous ones:
- The original Wright _Flyer_, which made the first flight in 1903.
- The _Spirit of St. Louis_, in which Charles Lindbergh made the first solo (one-person) flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
- The Bell X-1 _Glamorous Glennis_, in which Chuck Yeager made the first powered supersonic (faster than sound) flight.
- A model of Mariner 2, the first space probe to fly by another planet (Venus).
- A part of the Apollo 11 ship, the first mission to land on the moon.
- A German V-2 rocket, the first man-made thing to reach space.
- A rock from Mars (a meteorite).
- A rock from the Moon that anyone can touch.
- A model of the starship USS _Enterprise_ from the science fiction television series _Star Trek_.
- A copy of Skylab, America's first space station.
- A model of one of the Voyager probes, which went to the planets Jupiter and Saturn.

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: National Air and Space Museum
- **image**: Smithsonian_Air_and_Space_Museum.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300
- **established**: July 1, 1976
- **location**: Washington, D.C.
- **visitors**: 10.000.000.000 (2006)
- **director**: Gen. John R. Dailey
- **curator**: Tom Crouch
- **publictransit**: L'Enfant Plaza (Washington Metro) Maryland Avenue exit.
- **website**: http://www.nasm.si.edu/
Daniel Alfredsson

**Daniel Alfredsson** (born 11 December 1972) is a Swedish retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played a career total of 18 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Ottawa Senators and the Detroit Red Wings. He is best known for being the captain of the Senators from 1999 to 2013. He also played in the Elitserien with Frölunda HC.

Before playing in the NHL, Alfredsson played 3 seasons in the Swedish Elite League with Frölunda HC. He was selected by the Senators with the 133rd overall pick in the 1994 NHL Draft. Alfredsson won the Calder Memorial Trophy in 1996. He returned to play for Frölunda HC for 15 games during the 2004–05 NHL lockout. He played for the Ottawa Senators for 17 seasons and served as their captain from 1999 to 2013. On July 5, 2013, Alfredsson signed a one-year, $5.5 million contract with the Detroit Red Wings.

On December 4, 2014, Alfredsson decided to sign a one-day contract to officially retire as a member of the Ottawa Senators.

He played for the Sweden men's national ice hockey team and won the gold medal with them during the 2006 Winter Olympics. He also won a silver medal with the team at the 2014 Winter Olympics.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Daniel Alfredsson Wings 131101.png
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Alfredsson with the Red Wings in 2013
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shoots**: Right
- **birth place**: Gothenburg, Sweden
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 205
- **played for**: Ottawa Senators
Detroit Red Wings
Frölunda HC (Swedish Hockey League, SEL)
- **ntl team**: Sweden
- **draft**: 133rd overall
- **draft year**: 1994
- **draft team**: Ottawa Senators
- **career start**: 1992
- **career end**: 2014
Termite

**Termites** are a suborder of social insects, the **Isoptera**. They are sometimes called _"white ants"_, incorrectly, because ants belong to the Order Hymenoptera.

They are _eusocial_ animals, as are ants and some bees and wasps. Termites mostly feed on detritus, mostly wood, leaf litter, soil, or animal dung. There are an estimated 4,000 species (about 2,600 taxonomically known). About 10% are pests which can cause serious structural damage to buildings, crops or plantation forests.

Termites are major detrivores in the subtropical and tropical regions. Their recycling of wood and other plant matter is very important for ecology.

A termite colony starts when winged termites (called _alates_) swarm and mate. After mating, they fall to the ground and rip off their wings. The female looks for a good place to start the colony, and the male follows her. Most termites nest underground their entire lives, but termites in Africa and Australia actually build really big mound structures that look like little mountains and can be more than 20 feet tall (see photo below).

Termites live in colonies that, at maturity, hold from several hundred to several million individuals. They are a prime example self-organised systems which use swarm intelligence. They use this cooperation to exploit food sources and environments which would not be available to any single insect acting alone. A typical colony contains nymphs (semi-mature young), workers, soldiers, and reproductive individuals of both genders, sometimes containing several egg-laying queens.

## Other websites

- Termitehub https://termitehub.com/
Dany Heatley

**Daniel James Heatley** (born January 21, 1981) was a German-born Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger. He played parts of thirteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Atlanta Thrashers, Ottawa Senators, San Jose Sharks, Minnesota Wild, and Anaheim Ducks. He also played for SC Bern of the National League A (NLA) and for Ak Bars Kazan of the Russian Superleague (RSL), and the Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

Heatley was born in Freiburg and raised in Calgary.

Heatley won the Calder Memorial Trophy in 2002. He won the trophy when he was playing for the Atlanta Thrashers. In 2005 Heatley asked to be traded because of his involvement in a car accident that killed teammate and close friend Dan Snyder. He was traded to Ottawa Senators. Heatley then later traded to San Jose Sharks in 2009. Olympic champion in ice hockey with team Canada in Vancouver 2010.

On July 9, 2014, he signed a one-year, $1 million contract as a free agent with the Anaheim Ducks.

He last played professional ice hockey in 2016.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Dany Heatley 2.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Heatley during his time with the Sharks
- **team**: Anaheim Ducks
- **former teams**: Atlanta Thrashers
Ottawa Senators
San Jose Sharks
Minnesota Wild
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lb**: 221
- **ntl team**: Canada
- **birth place**: Freiburg im Breisgau, Freiburg, West Germany
- **draft**: 2nd overall
- **draft year**: 2000
- **draft team**: Atlanta Thrashers
- **career start**: 2001
- **career end**: 2016
Mantis

A **Mantis** (order Mantodea) is a type of insect. They are usually known as **praying mantids** because of their prayer-like stance.

The group contains about 2,300 species. They occur in temperate and tropical habitats. Most are in are in the family Mantidae, and are called **Mantids**.

In Europe, the name "praying mantis" refers to only a single species, _Mantis religiosa_. They are sometimes confused with phasmids (stick insects).

The closest relatives of mantids are the order Blattodea (cockroaches and termites), and these two groups together are ranked as the Superorder Dictyoptera.

## Life habit

Mantids are notable for their hunting abilities. They are predators, and their diet usually consists of living insects, including flies and aphids. Larger species have been known to prey on small lizards, frogs, birds, snakes, and even rodents.

Most mantids are ambush predators, waiting for prey to stray too near. The mantis then lashes out at remarkable speed. Some ground and bark species, however, pursue their prey rather quickly.

Prey are caught and held securely with grasping, spiked forelegs ('raptorial' legs); the first thoracic segment, the prothorax, is commonly elongated and flexibly articulated, allowing for greater range of movement of the front limbs while the remainder of the body remains more or less still.

The movement of the head is also remarkably flexible. It gives nearly 300 degrees of movement in some species. This allows for a great range of vision (their compound eyes have a large binocular field of vision) without having to move the rest of the body. As their hunting relies heavily on vision, they are mainly diurnal, but many species fly at night, when there is less chance of being taken by birds.

Mantids are masters of camouflage and most species make use of protective colouration to blend in with the foliage or substrate. This helps to avoid predators themselves, and to better snare their victims. They not only blend with the foliage, but mimic it, appearing as either living or withered leaves, sticks, tree bark, blades of grass, flowers, or even stones. Some species in Africa and Australia are able to turn black after a molt following a fire in the region to blend in with the fire ravaged landscape (fire melanism).

Mantids bite, but have no venom, and are not dangerous to humans. They are not chemically protected; nearly any large predatory animal will eat a mantis if it is able to detect it. Mantids are generally quite aggressive towards one another, in fact, and most species are readily cannibalistic when given the opportunity.
Memphis blues

The **Memphis blues** is a type of blues music that was created in the 1920s and 1930s.

## Memphis blues musicians

- W. C. Handy
- Frank Stokes
- Furry Lewis
- Willie Nix
- Sleepy John Estes
- Ida Cox
- Junior Parker
- Memphis Minnie
- Howlin' Wolf
- Rosco Gordon
- Bobby Sowell
- Big Mama Thornton
- Robert Wilkins
Piano blues

**Piano blues** is a type of Blues music where the piano is the main musical instrument used.  Boogie woogie is the best known kind of piano blues, though barrelhouse, swing, R&B, rock and roll and jazz are also important.

## Notable artists of Piano blues

- Albert Ammons
- Leroy Car
- Ray gay
- James Crutcfield
- Charles "Cow Cow" Davenport
- Blind John Davis
- Fats Domino
- Champion Jack Dupree
- Cecil Gant
- Dr John
- Boo T. Laury
- Professor Longhair
- Jay McShann
- BiMaceo Merriweather
- Amos Milburn
- Pinetop Perkins
- Henning Pertiet
- Buster Pickens
- Boogie Woogie Red
- Memphis Slim
- Sunnyland Slim
- Otis Spann
- Pinetop Smith
- Willie "The Lion" Smith
- Roosevelt Sykes
- Henry Townsend
- Mose Vinson
- Jimmy Yancey
- Kenny "Blues Boss" Wayne
- Silvan Zingg
- Jerry Lee Lewis
- Moon Mullican
- Merrill Moore
- Joe Pullum
- Piano Red
- Speckled Red
- Little Willie Littlefield
- Chuck Miller
Fife and drum blues

**Fife and drum blues** is a form of traditional country blues. It is played with a lead fife player, a vocalist, and a troop of drummers.
Knapsack

The word **knapsack** can mean:

- a backpack
- the knapsack problem, a math problem
    - the subset sum problem, a special case of the above
    - Naccache-Stern knapsack cryptosystem, a cryptosystem based on the knapsack problem
- Knapsack (band), an American band