Czech Republic

The **Czech Republic** (, ), otherwise referred to as **Czechia** (), is a country in Central Europe. The capital and biggest city is Prague (, ). The currency is the Czech Crown (_koruna česká_ - CZK). €1 is about 23 CZK. The president of Czechia is Petr Pavel. Czechia's population is about 10.5 million.

The local language is the Czech language, a Slavic language related to languages like Slovak and Polish.

Czechia has no sea; its neighbour countries are Germany, Austria, Slovakia, and Poland.

## History

Its history dates from the 9th century AD, for a long time it was one of the most powerful countries in Central Europe. Later on it was the biggest, most populated and richest country of the First Reich, where many Emperors started their career. Under the conditions of the Treaty of Vienna 1515 parts of Czechia, then in the Kingdoms of Bohemia and Hungary, came under Habsburg rule after the death of Louis the Jagiellon in 1526. They stayed a part of the Habsburg dynasty rule until 1918.

The area of the today's Czechia was a part of Czechoslovakia (current area of Czechia and Slovak republic) from 1918 to 1992. Czechoslovakia became independent in 1918 from Austro-Hungarian Empire. The first Czechoslovakian president was Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. In February 1948 the Communist party took over the country and for the next 41 years Czechoslovakia was a Socialist state with a rule of one (Communist) party. In 1968 there was a reformation movement (Prague Spring) within the Communist party, but reforms were stopped by the invasion of Warsaw pact armies. In November 1989 Czechoslovakia returned to democracy through the peaceful "Velvet Revolution". Czechoslovakia peacefully split into two countries (Czechia and Slovakia) in 1993.
Czechia has been a member of the European Union since 1 May 2004, and a member of NATO since 12 March 1999.

## Geography

The Czech Republic is between the latitude of 48° and 51° N and longitudes 12° and 19° E

Western Czechia is made up of Bohemia. Eastern Czechia is made up of Moravia.

The highest point in the country is Sněžka at .

There are four national parks in Czechia. The oldest is Krkonoše National Park. The others are Šumava National Park, Podyjí National Park, Bohemian Switzerland.

## Regions

In 1949 the Communist government created 13 centralized regions instead of historical countries. In 1960 the regions changed leaving only 8 regions. In 2000 14 regions were formed with their own regional self-government.

|English name|Czech name|Administrative seat|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Prague, the Capital City|Hlavní město Praha|Prague|
|Central Bohemian Region|Středočeský kraj|Prague|
|South Bohemian Region|Jihočeský kraj|České Budějovice|
|Plzeň Region|Plzeňský kraj|Plzeň|
|Karlovy Vary Region|Karlovarský kraj|Karlovy Vary|
|Ústí nad Labem Region|Ústecký kraj|Ústí nad Labem|
|Liberec Region|Liberecký kraj|Liberec|
|Hradec Králové Region|Královehradecký kraj|Hradec Králové|
|Pardubice Region|Pardubický kraj|Pardubice|
|Olomouc Region|Olomoucký kraj|Olomouc|
|Moravian-Silesian Region|Moravskoslezský kraj|Ostrava|
|South Moravian Region|Jihomoravský kraj|Brno|
|Zlín Region|Zlínský kraj|Zlín|
|Vysočina region|Kraj Vysočina|Jihlava|

## Religion

Czechia is one of the least religious countries in the world. According to the 2011 census, 34.2% of the population stated they had no religion, 10.3% were Roman Catholic, 0.8% were Protestant (0.5% Czech Brethren and 0.4% Hussite), and 9.4% followed other forms of religion both denominational or not (of which 863 people answered they are Pagan). 45.2% of the population did not answer the question about religion.

## Related pages

- Czechia at the Olympics
- Czechia's national football team
- List of rivers of Czechia
- Czech language

## Other websites

- Czechia pictures
- Czechia map
- Czechia map - Google Maps style
- Czechia - Immigration
- Czechia - Business
- Czech Republic

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Czech Republic
- **common name**: the Czech Republic
- **linking name**: the Czech Republic
- **image flag**: Flag of the Czech Republic.svg
- **image coat**: Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg
- **symbol type**: Coat of arms of the Czech Republic, Greater coat of arms
- **national motto**:

- **image map**: EU-Czechia.svg
- **capital**: Prague
- **largest city**: capital
- **languages type**: Official and national language
- **languages**: Czech language, Czech
- **ethnic groups year**: 2011
- **demonym**: Czechs, Czech
- **leader title1**: President of the Czech Republic, President
- **leader name1**: Petr Pavel
- **leader title2**: Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, Prime Minister
- **leader name2**: Andrej Babiš
- **legislature**: Parliament of the Czech Republic, Parliament
- **upper house**: Senate of the Czech Republic, Senate
- **lower house**: Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic, Chamber of Deputies
- **sovereignty type**: History of the Czech Lands, Formation
- **established event1**: Duchy of Bohemia
- **established date1**: Circa, c. 870
- **established event2**: Kingdom of Bohemia
- **established date2**: 1198
- **established event3**: Czechoslovakia
<small>(Independence from
Austria-Hungary)</small>
- **established date3**: 28 October 1918
- **established event4**: Constitutional Act on the Czechoslovak Federation, Federalization of Czechoslovakia
<small></small>
- **established date4**: 1 January 1969
- **established event5**: Czech Republic Dissolution of Czechoslovakia, became independent
- **established date5**: 1 January 1993
- **established date6**: 1 May 2004
- **area km2**: 78,871
- **area rank**: 115th
- **area sq mi**: 30,452
- **percent water**: 2.12 (as of 2020)
- **population estimate**: 10,701,777
- **population census**: 10,436,560
- **population estimate year**: 2021
- **population estimate rank**: 86th
- **population census year**: 2011
- **population density km2**: 136
- **population density sq mi**: 341
- **population density rank**: 62th
- **gdp ppp**: $432.346 billion
- **gdp ppp year**: 2020
- **gdp ppp rank**: 36th
- **gdp ppp per capita**: $40,585
- **gdp ppp per capita rank**: 34th
- **gdp nominal**: $261.732 billion
- **gdp nominal year**: 2020
- **gdp nominal rank**: 36th
- **gdp nominal per capita**: $24,569
- **gdp nominal per capita rank**: 37th
- **gini**: 24.0
- **gini year**: 2019
- **gini change**: steady
- **gini rank**: 5th
- **hdi**: 0.900
- **hdi year**: 2019
- **hdi change**: increase
- **hdi rank**: 27th
- **currency**: Czech koruna
- **currency code**: CZK
- **time zone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **time zone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **date format**: //
- **drives on**: right
- **calling code**: Telephone numbers in the Czech Republic, +420<sup>b</sup>
- **patron saint**: Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia, St. Wenceslaus
- **iso3166code**: CZ
- **cctld**: .cz<sup>c</sup>
- **footnote a**: The Rhetorical question, question is rhetorical, implying "those places where my homeland lies".
- **footnote b**: Code 42 was shared with Slovakia until 1997.
- **footnote c**: Also .eu, shared with other European Union member states
- **p1**: Czechoslovakia
- **flag p1**: Roundel of Czechoslovakia (port side).svg