juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lloyd Bentsen

**Lloyd Bentsen** (February 11, 1921 — May 23, 2006) was a Senator from Texas from 1971 to 1993 and was the United States Secretary of the Treasury under the Clinton administration from 1993 to 1994. He was a congressman from Texas from 1948 to 1955. He was also chairman of the Senate Committee on Finance from 1987 to 1993. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

He was the Vice Presidential running mate in the 1988 United States presidential election, but lost to Dan Quayle. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He died on May 23, 2006 in his home in Houston, Texas from a stroke, aged 85.

## Other websites

- Oral History Interview with Lloyd Bentsen, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lloyd Bentsen
- **image**: LloydBentsen.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 1993
- **office**: 69th United States Secretary of the Treasury
- **president**: Bill Clinton
- **term start**: January 20, 1993
- **term end**: December 22, 1994
- **predecessor**: Nicholas F. Brady
- **successor**: Robert Rubin
- **office1**: Chair of the United States Senate Committee on Finance, Senate Finance Committee
- **term start1**: January 3, 1987
- **term end1**: January 20, 1993
- **predecessor1**: Bob Packwood
- **successor1**: Daniel Patrick Moynihan
- **jr/sr2**: United States Senator
- **state2**: Texas
- **term start2**: January 3, 1971
- **term end2**: January 20, 1993
- **predecessor2**: Ralph Yarborough
- **successor2**: Bob Krueger
- **state3**: Texas
- **term start3**: December 4, 1948
- **term end3**: January 3, 1955
- **predecessor3**: Milton West
- **successor3**: Joe M. Kilgore
- **birth name**: Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr.
- **birth place**: Mission, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: Houston, Texas, U.S.
- **children**: 3
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas, Austin (Bachelor of Laws, LLB)
- **branch**:
United States Army Air Forces

United States Air Force Reserve
- **rank**:  Colonel (United States), Colonel
- **battles**: World War II
- **serviceyears**: 1942–1947 (Active)
1950–1959 (Reserve)
- **unit**: 15th Expeditionary Mobility Task Force, 15th Air Force
449th Air Expeditionary Group, 449th Bombardment Group
- **mawards**: Distinguished Flying Cross (United States), Distinguished Flying Cross
Air Medal (4)
Lone pair

Electrons that remain unbonded to another atom are called lone pairs, while electrons that are bonded between two atoms are called bonding pairs. A **lone pair** is a group of two electrons that are not used in any bonds between atoms. They are always in the last shell of an atom, the valence shell. Together with the electrons used in bonding they make up the total number of valence electrons. They are usually high in energy.

You can think of a lone pair as a pair of electrons that an atom isn't sharing with anyone else.

A lone pair can be used to form new bonds between molecules. Nucleophiles always have a lone pair that is used to attack an electrophile. Lone pairs are also important for the shape of a molecule. They take more space around an atom than a bonding electron. Lone pairs on a same atom want to be as far away from each other as possible.
Artemision Zeus

The ***Artemision Zeus*** is a Greek bronze statue. It dates to the Early Classical period, ca. 460 BC. It stands 2.09 m in height. It was found in the debris of a shipwreck near Cape Artemision in 1926-1928. It is in the National Museum, Athens. There has been some debate whether the statue represents Zeus or Poseidon. Caroline Houser believes it is unlikely the statue is Poseidon because his trident would obscure the statue's face.
Edwin Jarvis

**Jarvis Hopson** or **Edwin Jarvis** is the butler of Tony Stark. He had also appeared in the Spider-Man comics. He has also been a supporting character in The Avengers comics. He is sometimes mistaken with DC Comics butler Alfred Pennyworth because of their background and what they do. He took care of the Start Mansion and Tony after his parents death.

## In other media

Jarvis is as J.A.R.V.I.S., a robot in _Iron Man_ (2008), _Iron Man 2_ (2010), _The Avengers_ (2012), _Iron Man 3_ (2013), and _Avengers: Age of Ultron_ (2015) because Jon Favreau did not want any confusion with Alfred Pennyworth. He is voiced by actor Paul Bettany.
Nick Fury

**Colonel Nicholas Joseph "Nick" Fury** is a fictional war hero and spy who helps Marvel Comics heroes such as Hulk, the Fantastic Four, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, and Spider-Man. He formed two groups one with spies S.H.I.E.L.D. and another one with superheroes, the Avengers. He has an eye-patch and uses guns or advanced technology to fight criminals. He used to serve in World War II with Captain America.

## Movies and TV

In the Marvel movie versions about some heroes such as _Iron Man_, _Thor_, _Captain America: The First Avenger_, _Iron Man 2_, _Iron Man 3_, _The Avengers_, _Captain America: The Winter Soldier_, _Avengers: Age of Ultron_ and _Spider-Man: Far from Home_, _Secret Invasion_, and _The Marvels,_ he is played by actor Samuel L. Jackson.
Hydra (constellation)

**Hydra** is a constellation that has parts in the northern sky and parts in the southern sky.  It is the biggest constellation.  It represents a water snake.  The astronomer named Ptolemy listed Hydra when he made a list of 48 constellations.  It is also one of the 88 modern constellations that were made by the International Astronomical Union.

Even though Hydra is a very big constellation, it only has one bright star.  This star is named Alphard.  Alphard means "the solitary one" in Arabic. Hydra actually has little to identify it exept for a cluster of stars at its head.

## Infobox (constellation)

- **name**: Hydra
- **abbreviation**: Hya
- **genitive**: Hydrae
- **symbolism**: the sea serpent
- **ra**: 8–15
- **dec**: −20
- **family**: Hercules Family, Hercules
- **quadrant**: SQ2
- **areatotal**: 1303
- **arearank**: 1st
- **numbermainstars**: 17
- **numberbfstars**: 75
- **numberstarsplanets**: 16
- **numberbrightstars**: 2
- **numbernearbystars**: 4
- **brighteststarname**: Alphard (α Hya)
- **starmagnitude**: 1.98
- **neareststarname**: LHS 3003
- **stardistancely**: 20.67
- **stardistancepc**: 6.34
- **numbermessierobjects**: 3
- **latmax**: 54th parallel north, 54
- **latmin**: 83rd parallel south, 83
- **month**: April
Captain Tsubasa

***Captain Tsubasa*** (キャプテン翼 Kyaputen Tsubasa?), also known as ***Flash Kicker***, or ***Captain Majid*** in Arab speaking countries, is a popular long-running Japanese manga, animation, and video game series, originally created by Yōichi Takahashi in 1981. The series mainly revolves around the sport of Association football.

## Description

The Captain Tsubasa manga series was originally serialized in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump comic book magazine between 1981 and 1988, spanning a total of 37-tankōbon volumes. It was continued onto a sequel, Captain Tsubasa: "World Youth" Saga, which was serialized between 1994 and 1997 in Shōnen Jump, spanning 18 volumes, and another sequel, entitled Captain Tsubasa: Road to 2002, which was serialized between 2001 and 2004 in Weekly Young Jump, which spanned 15 volumes. The latest sequel entitled Captain Tsubasa: Kaigai Gekito Hen En La Liga, serialized in Weekly Young Jump from 2010 to 2012.
Hang gliding

**Hang gliding** is a sport which involves soaring in a very small aircraft without an engine.

## Related pages

- Paraglider
Pitchfork

A **pitchfork** is a tool used in farming. It is similar to a garden fork, made of metal or another hard material, with three or more pointed ends. Its long handle, made of wood or hard plastic, is for use while standing. It is usually about the same size as a shovel. It is used to move hay and other materials.
Herbert Boyer

**Herbert W. Boyer** (born July 10, 1936 in Derry, Pennsylvania) received the 1990 National Medal of Science, and is a co-founder of Genentech. He served as Vice President of Genentech from 1976 until his retirement in 1991.

With Stanley Cohen, he did possibly the first piece of genetic engineering.

## Career

Boyer was a Professor of Biochemistry from 1976 to 1991, where he discovered that genes from bacteria could be combined with genes from eukaryotes. In 1977, Boyer's laboratory and collaborators described the first-ever synthesis and expression of a peptide-coding gene. In August 1978, he produced synthetic insulin using his new transgenic genetically modified bacteria, followed in 1979 by a growth hormone.

In 1976, Boyer founded Genentech with venture capitalist Robert A. Swanson.  Genentech's approach to the first synthesis of insulin beat Walter Gilbert's approach at Biogen which used genes from natural sources. Boyer built his gene from its individual nucleotides.

In 1990, Boyer and his wife Grace gave the single largest donation ($10,000,000) bestowed on the Yale School of Medicine by an individual. The Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine was named after the Boyer family in 1991.

In 2007, St. Vincent College announced that they had renamed the School of Natural Science, Mathematics, and Computing the Herbert W. Boyer School.

Boyer is on the Board of Scientific Governors of The Scripps Research Institute.

## Awards

- 1980 the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
- 1989 the National Medal of Technology
- 1990 the National Medal of Science from President George H. W. Bush
- 2009 CSHL Double Helix Medal Honoree
Thomas Wolfe

**Thomas Clayton Wolfe** (October 3, 1900 – September 15, 1938) was an American writer from North Carolina. He wrote _Look Homeward, Angel_ and _You Can't Go Home Again_.
Park Gyu-su

**Park Gyu-su** (korean:박규수, hanja:朴珪壽, 1807 – 1877) was a Korean politician, Silhak and Neo-Confucianism philosopher, thinker, and liberal activist. One of his pennames was **Hwanjae**. His grandfather was Park Ji-won, a famous Silhak and Neo-Confucianism philosopher and novelist.

## Writing

- Hwanjaejip (환재집 瓛齋集)
- Hwanjaejikgye (환재직계 瓛齋織啓)
- Hangjaesugye (환재수계 瓛齋繡啓)
- Geogajapbokgo (거가잡복고 居家雜服攷)
Susana Martinez

**Susana Martinez** (born July 14, 1959) is an American politician who served as the thirty-first Governor of New Mexico. She was the first female governor of New Mexico and the first female Hispanic governor in the United States. Martinez was a Democrat before the mid 1990s, around which time she became a Republican.

Martinez is from El Paso, Texas.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Susana Martinez
- **image**: Governor NewMexico.jpg
- **order**: 31st
- **office**: Governor of New Mexico
- **lieutenant**: John Sanchez
- **term start**: January 1, 2011
- **term end**: January 1, 2019
- **predecessor**: Bill Richardson
- **successor**: Michelle Lujan Grisham
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party <small>(Before 1995)</small>
Republican Party (United States), Republican Party <small>(1995–present)</small>
- **spouse**: Chuck Franco
- **children**: Carlo
- **residence**: New Mexico Governor's Mansion, Governor's Mansion
- **alma mater**: The University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas, El Paso
University of Oklahoma College of Law, University of Oklahoma
- **signature**: Signature of Susana Martinez.png
Kirby's Epic Yarn

***Kirby's Epic Yarn*** is a platformer video game for the Nintendo Wii console. It was developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on October 14, 2010, in North America on October 17, 2010, in Australia on February 24, 2011, and in Europe on February 25, 2011.

The game was ported to Nintendo 3DS in March 2019 as ***Kirby's Extra Epic Yarn*** which was last _Kirby_ game for the system.

The Successor for Tap Tap Buddy:Idle Clicker & Fun RPG and Hobber Play.

## Plot

One day, Kirby finds a tomato and eats it. While doing so, an evil being named Yin-Yarn takes Kirby into Patch Land, a place made out of yarn. There, Kirby's body becomes yarn. Kirby also has the ability to transform. This was given to Kirby by the tomato he ate earlier. Kirby uses this ability to rescue a boy named Prince Fluff. Prince Fluff says that Yin-Yarn broke Patch Land into different pieces that were held together by magic yarn. Kirby has to help him find the pieces of the magic yarn to restore Patch Land to normal.

## Gameplay

In _Kirby's Epic Yarn_, Kirby does not have his inhale ability. Instead, Kirby has a whip-like attack. Kirby can use it both to attack enemies and turn them into yarn. Kirby can also no longer float in air with his breath. Instead, he transforms into an parachute. Kirby can also transform into a car and a dolphin. The car makes Kirby faster, while the dolphin allows him to go underwater.

Each level has three treasure chests to collect. There are also colored beads, which increases the player's score. Having a high score earns medals. The chests and medals unlock extra levels. Beads can be used to purchase furniture and wallpapers. These can be used to change Kirby's living space.

Unlike the other _Kirby_ games, Kirby does not have health or lives. If Kirby is damaged or falls into a bottomless pit, he loses some of his beads.

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Good-Feel
HAL Laboratory
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **director**: Kentaro Sei
- **producer**: Etsunobu Ebisu
Yoichi Yamamoto
Nobuo Matsumiya
- **designer**: Madoka Yamauchi
- **composer**: Tomoya Tomita
Jun Ishikawa
Hirokazu Ando
- **series**: _Kirby (series), Kirby_
- **platforms**: Wii, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS
- **released**: **Wii:**
**Nintendo Selects:**
**Wii U:**
**Nintendo 3DS:**

- **genre**: Platform game, Platforming
- **modes**: Single-player, multiplayer
Shizuka Gozen

**Shizuka Gozen** (1165–1211), or **Lady Shizuka**, was one of the most famous women in Japanese history and literature. She was a _shirabyōshi_ (court dancer) of the 12th century, and a mistress of Minamoto no Yoshitsune. Since she, like many others, are featured largely in the Heike Monogatari (Tale of Heike), Gikeiki (Chronicle of Yoshitsune), and a number of plays of various traditions, her story is quite well known, but it is difficult to separate fact from fiction within it.
Empress Genshō

**Empress Genshō** (683 – May 22, 748) was the 44th monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Genshō ruled during the years 715 to 724.

In the history of Japan, Genshō was the fifth of eight women to take on the role of empress regnant, meaning that she was the ruler in her own right and not a ruler because she was a married to a ruler.

Genshō was the only Japanese empress regnant to get her title from another empress regnant, rather than a previous male ruler.

## Related pages

- Japanese empresses
- _Nihon Shoki_
Hōjō Masako

**Hōjō Masako** (1156 – August 16, 1225) was the eldest child of Hōjō Tokimasa by his wife Hōjō no Maki, the first shikken, or ruler, of the Kamakura shogunate. She was the sister of Hōjō Yoshitoki, and was married to Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first shogun of the Kamakura period. She was also the mother of Minamoto no Yoriie and Minamoto no Sanetomo, the second and third shoguns.
Empress Gemmei

**Empress Gemmei** (660 – December 29, 721), also known as Empress Genmyō, was the 43rd monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

## Related pages

- Japanese empresses
- Heijō-kyō
- _Kojiki_
Izumi Shikibu

**Izumi Shikibu** (b. 976?) was a mid-Heian period Japanese poet. She is a member of the Thirty-six Medieval Poetry Immortals. She lived in the same time period of Murasaki Shikibu and Akazome Emon at the court of empress Joto Mon'in.
Mochizuki Chiyome

**Mochizuki Chiyome** （**望月千代女）** is a name given to ninja characters in fiction. They are specifically female ninjas, who did not exist. Although some non-academic books claim that Chiyome existed in Sengoku period, they did not exist in fact.

According to Katuya Yoshimaru<sup>Y17</sup> (He is an associate professor of Mie University and studies ninja), the name of Chiyome was appeared for the first time in 1971 at a book "考証日本史" ("Investigation of Japanese history"); this book was written by non-academic writer 稲垣史生(Shisei Inagaki)<sup>Y17</sup>.

## Related pages

- Mythology
    - Chinese mythology
    - Japanese mythology

## References

- [Y17]
2013 Alabama bunker hostage crisis

On January 29, 2013, a five-year-old boy was taken hostage for almost seven days in Dale County, Alabama, in the United States. The boy, Ethan, was riding to school on a bus. A 65-year-old Vietnam War veteran named Jimmy Lee Dykes came aboard the bus and killed the driver. Dykes took Ethan to an underground bunker on his property, in the Wiregrass Region near U.S. Highway 231.

On the afternoon of Monday, February 4, after negotiations with Dykes had failed and believing the child was going to be hurt very soon, law enforcement agents raided the bunker. The abductor was shot dead. Ethan, who has Asperger's syndrome, was rescued.

Neighbors and officials had described Dykes as a survivalist with "anti-government" views.
Essie Mae Washington-Williams

**Essie Mae Washington-Williams** (October 12, 1925 – February 4, 2013) was an American school teacher. She is best known as the oldest and natural child of Strom Thurmond, Governor of South Carolina and longtime United States Senator.

In 2003, she came forward and announced that she was the daughter of United States Senator, Strom Thurmond. Williams said that Thurmond paid for her college. She was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize.

## Early life

Williams was born on October 12, 1925 in Edgefield, South Carolina to Strom Thurmond and his family's 16-year-old African American servant, Carrie Butler. She studied at New York University and the University of South Carolina.

## Marriage and family

Williams was married to Julius T. Williams from 1948 until his death in 1964. They had four children.

## Death

Williams died on February 4, 2013 in her home in Columbia, South Carolina. She was 87.

## Other websites

- Gross, Terry, "'Dear Senator', from Strom Thurmond's Daughter", Interview, National Public Radio, February 1, 2005.
- Rather, Dan, "Essie Mae Washington-Williams" , Interview, CBS _60 Minutes II_, December 17, 2003
- "South Carolina: Biracial Child Added To Thurmond Monument", _New York Times_, June 29, 2004
- More about Essie Mae Washington-Williams , Frank Wheaton Official Website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Essie Mae Washington-Williams
- **birth place**: Edgefield, South Carolina, Edgefield, South Carolina, U.S.
- **death place**: Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.
- **parents**: Strom Thurmond (father)
Carrie Butler (mother)
- **spouse**: Julius T. Williams <small>
(1948–1964; his death)</small>
- **children**: 4
- **occupation**: Teacher
Roger Bacon

**Roger Bacon** (c. 1214–1294) was an English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empirical methods. He is sometimes credited, mainly starting in the 19th century, as one of the earliest European advocates of the modern scientific method inspired by the works of Aristotle and later Arabic works, such as the works of Muslim scientist Alhazen.

However, more recent studies emphasize that he was essentially a medieval thinker, with much of his "experimental" knowledge obtained from books, in the scholastic tradition. A survey of the reception of Bacon's work over centuries found that it often reflects the concerns and controversies central to the receivers.

## Life

Roger Bacon was educated at Oxford University. He studied modern science, theology, and philosophy. His family was rich, which helped pay for the many experiments he conducted. After lecturing at Oxford he moved to Paris to learn and study. Bacon was one of the first people to teach about Aristotle in Paris. During his time he wrote a book named _On the Marvelous Power of art and nature_. He wrote a long list of inventions he had in mind, naming steamships, telescope, eye glasses, and microscopes.

He was apparently so intently concentrated in his experiments and he had an aggressive personality, he was known to be socially awkward. In 1247 he stopped teaching because of bad health and proceeded to study, experiment, and become a friar. Years later, he was sent to a monastery because of upsetting fellow friars and superiors. He was there for about 10 years, and was unable to conduct experiments and studies. He was then sponsored by Pope Clement IV, but shortly after the Pope’s death in 1278 Bacon was accused of being a “magician”. He was imprisoned in a convent in Paris for 12 years, until 1292. He died around 1294 when he was about 80 years old.

## References

- Cerqueiro, Daniel. Roger Bacon y la Ciencia Experimental. Buenos Aires; Ed.P.Ven., 2008.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Roger Bacon
- **image**: Roger-bacon-statue.jpg
- **birth date**: c. 1210–1214
- **birth place**: Ilchester, Somerset, England
- **death date**: c. 1294 (aged c. 80–84)
- **death place**: Oxford, Oxfordshire, England
Mario Pinball Land

***Mario Pinball Land*** is a pinball video game for the Game Boy Advance console. It was developed by Fuse Games and published by Nintendo. It was released on August 26, 2004 in Japan, on October 4, 2004 in North America, and on November 26, 2004 in Europe.

## Plot

Mario and Princess Peach are visiting a funfair. At one point, Peach goes into a cannon. The cannon is operated by Goombas, who shoot her to Bowser's castle. To save her, Mario uses a machine that turns him into a ball. Mario has to play pinball through different worlds to save Peach.

## Gameplay

During the game, Mario has to get stars. These stars allow him to go further into the game by opening doors. A total of 35 stars are available. Five different worlds are played in the game. At the end of each world, Mario faces a boss.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Mario Pinball Land
- **developer**: Fuse Games
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **producer**: Shigeru Miyamoto
- **composer**: Nimrod Productions
- **genre**: Pinball
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single player
- **platforms**: Game Boy Advance
Rabiah

**Rabiah** is a neighborhood in Amman, Jordan. Notable landmarks include the Kalooti Mosque and the Kilo Circle Bridge. The area is comprised of both residential and non-residential communities. Popular cafes and restaurants make Rabiah a commercial hotspot, especially during holiday seasons such as Eid al-Adha. Major streets include Mecca Street, Medinah Street, and Wasfi Al Tall Street.
West Attica

**West Attica** () is a regional unit of Greece. It is part of Attica. The capital is the town Eleusis.

## Other websites

- Official website
- News and info
Ganache

**Ganache** (; from the French word for "jowl") is a glaze, icing, sauce, or filling for pastries  made from chocolate and cream. It is made by heating cream and pouring it over chopped dark semi-sweet chocolate.

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Ganache
- **image**: PBfudge ganache.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Peanut butter fudge covered in ganache
- **country**: France
- **type**: Chocolate
- **main ingredient**: Dark semi-sweet chocolate, cream
Ella Grasso

**Ella Tambussi Grasso** (May 10, 1919 – February 5, 1981) was a Democratic Party American politician. She was the first female governor of the state of Connecticut. Grasso was in office from 1975 to 1980. She was elected governor in November 1974. She was the first female governor elected in her own right. From 1971 to 1975, she was a member of the United States House of Representatives. Grasso was born in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.

Grasso died on February 5, 1981 in Hartford, Connecticut of a heart attack and multiple organ failure caused by ovarian cancer, aged 61.

In 1984, President Ronald Reagan posthumously awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Naturalism (arts)

_Also see_ Realism (art movement)

**Naturalism** in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting. The Realist movement of the 19th century supportednaturalism in reaction to the stylized and idealized depictions of subjects of Romanticism, but many painters have used a similar approach over the centuries. One example of Naturalism is the artwork of the American artist William Bliss Baker, whose landscape paintings are considered some of the best examples of the naturalist movement. Another example is the French artist Albert Charpin, from the Barbizon School, with his paintings of sheep in their natural settings.

Naturalism began in the early Renaissance and developed itself further throughout the Renaissance, such as with the Florentine School.

Naturalism is a type of art that pays attention to very accurate and precise details and portrays things as they are.

## Controversies about terms

Some writers restrict the terms "Naturalism" and "Realism" for use as labels for period styles of the middle and late nineteenth century in Europe and America, thus making available the terms "naturalism" and "realism," all lowercase, for tendencies of art of any period whose the works strive for an accurate representation of the visible world. Thus, "Naturalism" is tied to a time and place, and "naturalism" is timeless and is a major turning point in art.

## Sources

- “History of Art: Study Guide 14th Century to the Present”. 18th Century Naturalism and The Enlightenment Era Natural Painting. 22 April 2011.
Reg Presley

**Reg Presley** (12 June 1941 – 4 February 2013) was a British singer-songwriter. He was born Reginald Maurice Ball in Andover, Hampshire, where he lived all his life. He was the lead singer of rock band The Troggs. In January 2012, Presley said he was retiring due to being diagnosed with lung cancer. Thirteen months later, he died at his house in Andover of lung cancer and strokes.
Stheno

**Stheno** is a gorgon in Greek mythology. She has 2 sisters. She and her sister Euryale were immortal, and the third sister Medusa was mortal.  Medusa is the queen who turns people to stone with her eyes. Euryale could jump high. Stheno was very strong. She had snake hair, metal arms, and wings. She was the daughter of Phorcys and Ceto.
Eddie Fisher

**Edwin John "Eddie" Fisher** (August 10, 1928 – September 22, 2010) was an American singer, actor, writer, musician, and entertainer. Fisher had made hundreds of recording albums.

Fisher was born on August 10, 1928 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to a Russian-Jewish family. He studied at Thomas Junior High School, South Philadelphia High School, and at Simon Gratz High School. It was during high school many people discovered that Fisher had a talent for singing.

Fisher was married to Debbie Reynolds from 1955 until they divorced in 1959. They had two children; including actress Carrie Fisher. Then he was married to Elizabeth Taylor from 1959 until they divorced in 1964. Then he was married to Connie Stevens from 1967 until they divorced in 1969. They had two children. Then he was married to Terry Richard from 1975 until they divorced in 1976. Then he was last married to Betty Lin from 1993 until her death in 2001.

Fisher died on September 22, 2010 in Berkeley, California after going into surgery, aged 82. Fisher broke his hip thirteen days before. He had hearing and seeing problems. His remains were cremated and were later buried. He was buried at Cypress Lawn Memorial Park next to his wife Betty Lin.

## Other websites

- Thinking Of You: Eddie Fisher  on The Interlude Era site
- _New York Times_ Obituary
- Eddie Fisher: Life and Times  – slideshow by _Life magazine_
Daniel Akaka

**Daniel Kahikina Akaka** (September 11, 1924 – April 6, 2018) was an American politician who was a United States Senator from Hawaii from 1990 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, Akaka is the first U.S. Senator of Native Hawaiian ancestry. He was the Senior Senator of Hawaii for a few weeks when Daniel Inouye died in December 2012.

He studied at the University of Hawaii. In 1969, he was hired by the Department of Education as a chief program planner. In the 1970s he served in various governmental positions. He was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1976 to represent Hawaii's Second Congressional District, and he served for 13 years.

Akaka died in Honolulu of multiple organ failure on April 6, 2018 at the age of 93.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Daniel Akaka
- **image**: Daniel Akaka official photo.jpg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Hawaii
- **term start**: May 16, 1990
- **term end**: January 3, 2013
- **predecessor**: Spark Matsunaga
- **successor**: Mazie Hirono
- **state1**: Hawaii
- **term start1**: January 3, 1977
- **term end1**: May 16, 1990
- **predecessor1**: Patsy Mink
- **successor1**: Patsy Mink
- **birth name**: Daniel Kahikina Akaka
- **birth place**: Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, Hawaii, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Mary Chong
- **children**: 5
- **education**: University of Hawaii at Manoa, University of Hawaii, Manoa
- **signature**: Daniel Akaka Signature.svg
- **serviceyears**: 1945–1947
- **rank**:  Corporal
- **unit**: United States Army Corps of Engineers, Corps of Engineers
- **battles**: World War II
Percy Spencer

**Percy LeBaron Spencer** (July 9, 1894 – September 8, 1970) was an American engineer and inventor. He was the inventor the microwave oven. Spencer was born in Maine. He invented the microwave by accident when a chocolate bar his pocket melted when he was performing an experiment.
John Betjeman

**John Betjeman** (28 August 1906 – 19 May 1984) was a English poet. He was Poet Laureate known for his light humorous verse. One of his most famous poems was about Slough, a town in Berkshire.
It begins with the rhyme:
- 'Come friendly bombs and fall on Slough
- It isn't fit for humans now...'

Betjeman was born in Highgate, London. He studied at Magdalen College, Oxford. In 1933 he married Penelope Chetwode; they separated in the late 1940s. The couple's son, Paul was born in 1937. Their daughter was Candida Lycett Green (1942–2014). Betjeman's partner from 1951 until his death was Lady Elizabeth Cavendish.

Betjeman died of Parkinson's disease in Trebetherick, Cornwall. He was replaced as Poet Laureate by Ted Hughes. Betjeman was also known as an architectural and cultural critic. He is buried at St Enodoc in Cornwall, near Trebetherick.
Flannery O'Connor

**Mary Flannery O'Connor** (March 25, 1925 – August 3, 1964) was an American writer. Her books, include _Wise Blood_ and _A Good Man is Hard to Find_. Her writing style is sometimes known as Southern Gothic.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Flannery O'Connor
- **image**: Flannery-O'Connor 1947.jpg
- **birth name**: Mary Flannery O'Connor
- **birth place**: Savannah, Georgia, US
- **death place**: Milledgeville, Georgia, US
- **resting place**: Memory Hill Cemetery, Milledgeville, Georgia
- **period**: 1946–1964
- **genre**: Southern Gothic
- **movement**: Christian realism
American literature

**American literature** is poetry, fiction, drama, or essays written by Americans. It also includes literature written by people living in the United States (who are not American citizens).

## 19th Century

The 19th century was a fertile era for the American novel and American poetry. The most popular American novelists of the 19th Century were women. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin about slavery in America. Luisa May Alcott wrote the popular novel Little Women about the dreams and hardships of sisters growing up in rural America.

Herman Melville wrote the famous novel Moby Dick, about a whaling in America. Moby Dick is often called the greatest American novels.  Emily Dickinson is one of the greatest American poets. Dickinson wrote many lyrical, religious, philosophical poems.  Walt Whitman wrote the epic poem Leaves of Grass. Masterpieces of Gothic fiction  include Nathaniel Hawthorn's Fall of the House of Usher and The Scarlet Letter).  Charlotte Perkins Gilman's feminist classic "The Yellow Wallpaper" is also Gothic fiction.  Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau wrote philosophical essays. Their philosophical school of thought is called Transcendentalism.

## 20th Century

The 20th Century is often called The American Century in art. Novelists of the modern era include William Faulkner, John Steinbeck, T.S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, Sinclair Lewis, and Pearl Buck.

Toni Morrison, Eugene O'Neill, Saul Bellow, Joseph Brodsky and Isaac Bashevis Singer won the Nobel Prize in Literature.

## 21st Century

Contemporary fiction writers of include Don Delillo, Paul Auster, Jennifer Egan, Colson Whitehead, Giannina Braschi, David Foster Wallace, and Jonathan Frazen. These writers are often called Postmodern authors.

There are many popular literary genres. Humorist David Sedaris writes funny short stories about his personal life and odd things about strangers.
Shel Silverstein and Dr.Seuss wrote rhyming poems for children’s books. Judy Bloom writes emotional stories about young girls for young readers. R.L.Stine writes scary stories (Goosebump Series) about monsters and ghosts for boys and girls. Stephen King writes horror novels for adults about murder, monsters, and kidnapping.
Saul Bellow

**Saul Bellow** (June 10, 1915 – April 5, 2005) was a Canadian-American writer. He was born Solomon Bellows in Lachine, Montreal to Russian parents. He moved to Chicago, Illinois, when he was nine. He became an American citizen in 1941. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1976. He wrote the books _Henderson the Rain King_ and _Herzog_. He died in Brookline, Massachusetts.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Saul Bellow
- **image**: Saul Bellow (Herzog portrait).jpg
- **birth name**: Solomon Bellows
- **birth place**: Lachine, Quebec, Lachine, Quebec, Canada
- **alma mater**: University of Chicago
 Northwestern University
 University of Wisconsin-Madison
- **death place**: Brookline, Massachusetts, Brookline, Massachusetts, United States
- **occupation**: Writer
- **nationality**: Canadian/American
- **spouse**: Anita Goshkin (1937–56), Alexandra (Sondra) Tschacbasov (1956–59), Susan Glassman (1961–64), Alexandra Bellow, Alexandra Bagdasar Ionescu Tulcea (1974–85), Janis Freedman (1989–2005)
- **signature**: Saul Bellow signature.svg
Averroes

**Averroës** (also known as **Ibn Rušd** or **Ibn Rushd**; 14 April 1126 – 10 December 1198) was a Muslim polymath from Al-Andalus. He was a scholar of Greek and Islamic philosophy. He also studied Islamic theology, law, politics, classical music, and the sciences of medicine, psychology, physics, astronomy, geography and mathematics.

Averroes was born in Córdoba, Al-Andalus. He lived during a unique period in academic history. Interest in philosophy and theology was failing in the Muslim world but just beginning to become influential in Christian Europe. Averroes himself was influenced by the ideas of Aristotle. His philosophy was often criticised by fellow Muslims. He had a larger influence on Western European society. He has been described as the founder of secular thought in Western Europe.

Averroes is most famous for his commentaries of Aristotle's works. Aristotle had been mostly forgotten in the West since the 6th century. Averroes' interpretations of Aristotle's ideas revived Western scholarly interest in Aristotle and ancient Greek philosophy in general. They also led to the development of scholasticism in medieval Europe.

## Averroes's life

Averroes was born as **ʾSan sebastián De La Cruz ʾAḥmad bin Rušd**. He was born in 1126 in Andalusia, which at the time was a Muslim country called Al-Andalus. At a young age Averroes had many teachers who helped him begin his study of Islam. He excelled in this and was also interested in law. He began studying medicine in Seville under a man named Abu Jafar al-Turjali.

Averroes began his career with the help of Ibn Tufail, a physician at the caliph's court in Marrakesh. He was able to go to Marrakesh and become a physician because of his knowledge of physics. Averroes was granted many honors and became a _Qadi_ (judge) in Seville in 1169.

Two years later he became the Qadi of Córdoba. In his free time he studied and wrote. In 1195, Averroes wrote a paper about how he thought philosophy was less than useful for the discovery of religious truth. He was disgraced and many of his papers were burned. The Caliph imprisoned Averroes and exiled him from the country. He lived in Lucena for a short time, then he was brought back by the Caliph to be a judge. He died in 1198.
Joseph Brodsky

**Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky** (;  ; 24 May 1940 – 28 January 1996), better known as **Joseph Brodsky**, was a Russian-American writer. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1987. He wrote poetry in Russian.

## Related pages

- List of Russian language poets
Christine Gregoire

**Christine Gregoire** (; née **O'Grady**; born March 24, 1947) is an American politician. She was the 22nd Governor of Washington from  2005 until 2013. She was a member for United States Democratic Party and the second female Governor of Washington. Gregoire chaired the National Governors Association for the 2010–2011 term. She was born in Adrian, Michigan.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Christine Gregoire
- **image**: ChristineGregoireOfficial.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2006
- **order**: 22nd List of governors of Washington, Governor of Washington
- **lieutenant**: Brad Owen
- **term start**: January 12, 2005
- **term end**: January 16, 2013
- **predecessor**: Gary Locke
- **successor**: Jay Inslee
- **office1**: Chair of the National Governors Association
- **term start1**: November 15, 2010
- **term end1**: July 17, 2011
- **predecessor1**: Joe Manchin
- **successor1**: Dave Heineman
- **office2**: 16th Attorney General of Washington
- **governor2**: Mike Lowry
Gary Locke
- **term start2**: January 13, 1993
- **term end2**: January 12, 2005
- **predecessor2**: Ken Eikenberry
- **successor2**: Rob McKenna
- **office3**: Director of the Washington State Department of Ecology
- **term start3**: January 1, 1988
- **term end3**: January 6, 1992
- **governor3**: Booth Gardner
- **successor3**: Chuck Clarke
- **birth name**: Christine O'Grady
- **birth place**: Adrian, Michigan, Adrian, Michigan, U.S.
- **children**: 2
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: University of Washington (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Gonzaga University School of Law, Gonzaga University (Juris Doctor, JD)
Tongs

**Tongs** are gripping and lifting tools. They are used in laboratories or in cooking are used to pick up hot objects.
There are also laboratory tongs, which are used to grip objects that are kind of, but not very poisonous. (Added by: Levern M.)
After Earth

***After Earth*** is a 2013 American action adventure science fiction movie that M. Night Shyamalan made with Will Smith. Columbia Pictures produced it.

## Plot

1,000 years in the future, astronauts from another planet (played by Will Smith and his son Jaden Smith) go back to Earth for some reason. Their space ship wrecks and Will Smith gets hurt, so Jaden Smith then has to go signal for help. There are also really mean aliens that are trying to kill Jaden Smith. Will and Jaden hope to eventually escape and go back to their alien planet.

## Cast

- Will Smith as Cypher Raige
- Jaden Smith as Kitai Raige
- Isabelle Fuhrman as Rayna
- Kristofer Hivju as Security Chief
- Gabriel Caste as Ranger
- Zoe Kravitz as Senshi Raige
- Sophie Okonedo as Faia Raige
- David Denman as McQuarrie
- Lincoln Lewis as Bo

## Production

M. Night Shyamalan started filming _After Earth_ in February 2012. Before that, Gary Whitta wrote the first script, then M. Night Shyamalan rewrote it, then Stephen Gaghan improved M. Night Shyamalan's script at the end of 2011. M. Night Shyamalan filmed most of the movie in Costa Rica, California, and Pennsylvania.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: After Earth
- **caption**: Movie poster
- **director**: M. Night Shyamalan
- **producer**: James Lassiter
Caleeb Pinkett
Will Smith
- **screenplay**: Stephen Gaghan
M. Night Shyamalan
Michael Soccio
Gary Whitta
- **story**: Gary Whitta
- **starring**: Jaden Smith
Will Smith
Isabelle Fuhrman
Zoë Kravitz
Kristofer Hivju
Sophie Okonedo
- **music**: James Newton Howard
- **cinematography**: Peter Suschitzky
- **editing**: Andrew Rosenblum
- **studio**: Overbrook Entertainment
Blinding Edge Pictures
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **runtime**: 100 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Zanskar

**Zanskar** () is a tehsil of the Kargil District of Ladakh, India.
Buzzword

A **buzzword** is a word or phrase that is made to either summarize a complex idea or reconstruct another word or phrase to reflect a particular point of view. Corporations make up buzzwords so that they can advertise stuff better. In this way, a buzzword is a lot like a product name or a proper noun. People can remember buzzwords better than non-buzzwords, which is why its good for advertising.

Example:
Multimedia has been a buzzword in the computer industry for years.
International trade

**International trade** is trade between different countries, also known as importing and exporting goods. Businesses in one country will then buy (import) or sell (export) goods to the businesses in other countries. Alternatively, the government of a country will sometimes directly buy from (or sell to) the government of another country.

Governments have sometimes forbidden or more often restricted international trade. When import of goods affects the prices of those same goods in the receiving country, that country's government may pass special laws to regulate the trading. They may then try to use protectionist methods such as high tariffs to discourage import. As a form of punishment or political pressure, some countries may impose economic sanctions, or embargoes that prevent trading altogether with a target country.

To promote relations, countries may agree to trade with each other without protectionism. This is called "free trade". Free trade reduces trade barriers in exporting items. Free trade is generally supported by fiscal conservatives; trade-protectionism is generally supported by economic nationalist and leftist parties.

## Reelated pages

- Multilingualism
Narew

**Narew** is a river in northeast Poland, and western Belarus. It is  long and empties into the Vistula.
Division of Higgins

The **Division of Higgins** is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria.

It was created in 1949 and is named after Justice H. B. Higgins (1851–1929). Higgins was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly (1894), president of the Carlton Football Club (1904), a member of the Australian House of Representatives (1901–1906), and a judge of the High Court of Australia (1906–1929).

The Division of Higgins covers the inner eastern suburbs of Melbourne, including Armadale, Ashburton, Malvern, Toorak and parts of Glen Iris, Camberwell, Carnegie, Murrumbeena, Prahran, and South Yarra.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Harold Holt|Liberal|1949–1967||
|||rowspan="2"|John Gorton|Liberal|1968–1975|
|||Independent|1975–1975|||
|||Roger Shipton|Liberal|1975–1990||
|||Peter Costello|Liberal|1990–2009||
|||Kelly O'Dwyer|Liberal|2009–2019||
|||Katie Allen|Liberal|2019–2022||
|||Michelle Ananda-Rajah|Labor|2022–2025||

Higgins has been important in Australian federal politics and for the Liberal Party of Australia. The seat's first two members, Harold Holt and Sir John Gorton, were the 17th and 19th Prime Ministers of Australia. Higgins is the only Division to have been held by two Prime Ministers.

Peter Costello the longest serving Treasurer of Australia and former Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party also held the seat from 1990–2009. He resigned in 2009 which meant a by-election had to be held. There had also been a by-election in 1967, after Harold Holt disappeared in the sea.

## References

- Division of Higgins – Australian Electoral Commission

## Other websites

- Kelly O'Dwyer's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **image**:
- **name**: Higgins
- **created**: 1949
- **state**: vic
- **namesake**: H. B. Higgins
- **area**: 39
- **class**: Inner Metropolitan
- **abolished**: 2025
Division of Murray

The **Division of Murray** was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria.

It was located in the north of the state, next to the Murray River, which forms Victoria's border with New South Wales. It included the towns of Shepparton, Echuca, Cobram, Yarrawonga, Boort and Bridgewater.

Murray was created in 1949. It was named after the Murray River, which itself was named after British Secretary of State for War and the Colonies Sir George Murray.

The Division was abolished in 2019 and renamed Nicholls.

## Members

|Images|Member|Party|Term|Notes||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||||(Sir) John McEwen|Country|1949–1971|Previously held the Division of Indi. Served as minister under Robert Menzies, Harold Holt and John Gorton. Served as Prime Minister from 1967 to 1968. Served as Deputy Prime Minister under Gorton. Resigned in order to retire from politics.||
||||Bruce Lloyd|Country|1971–1975|Retired||
||||Sharman Stone|Liberal|nowrap|1996–2016|Served as minister under John Howard. Retired|
||||Damian Drum|Nationals|nowrap|2016–2019|Previously a member of the Victorian Legislative Council. Transferred to the Division of Nicholls after Murray was abolished in 2019|

It was first held by Rt Hon Sir John McEwen, who was the caretaker Prime Minister of Australia after the disappearance of Harold Holt.

## Election results

- 2010 election results
- 2007 election results
- 2004 election results
- 2013 election results
- 2016 election results

## References

- Division of Murray – Australian Electoral Commission

## Other websites

- Dr. Sharman Stone's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Murray
- **image**: Division of Murray 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Murray (green) in Victoria (Australia), Victoria
- **created**: 1949
- **abolished**: 2019
- **state**: vic
- **namesake**: Murray River
- **area**: 16229
- **class**: Rural
Shepparton

**Shepparton** () is a city on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in the north east of Victoria, Australia. It is about  north-east of Melbourne. In 2006 there were 27,707 living in the city.

Shepparton began as a sheep station and river crossing. It later became an important railway town. Today it is an agricultural and manufacturing city. It is at the centre of the Goulburn Valley irrigation system, one of the largest centres of irrigation in Australia. It is a major regional service city and is the civic administration centre for the City of Greater Shepparton. The Greater Shepparton area includes the towns of Tatura, Merrigum, Mooroopna, Murchison, Dookie, and Grahamvale.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: city
- **name**: Shepparton
- **state**: vic
- **image**: Shepparton cow parade.jpg
- **caption**: Shepparton CBD, communications tower and "Mooving Art" display from Monash Park
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Victoria
- **pop**: 50198
- **pop year**: 2016
- **poprank**: 29th
- **gazetted**: 28 September 1860
- **area**: 248.9
- **area footnotes**: (2011 urban)
- **timezone**: Australian Eastern Standard Time, AEST
- **utc**: +10
- **timezone-dst**: Australian Eastern Daylight Time, AEDT
- **utc-dst**: +11
- **dist1**: 184
- **dir1**: NNE
- **location1**: Melbourne
- **dist2**: 123
- **dir2**: NE
- **location2**: Bendigo
- **dist3**: 185
- **dir3**: SW
- **location3**: Albury, New South Wales, Albury
- **dist4**: 61
- **dir4**: W
- **location4**: Benalla
- **dist5**: 4
- **dir5**: E
- **location5**: Mooroopna
- **lga**: City of Greater Shepparton
- **county**: County of Moira, Moira
- **stategov**: Electoral district of Shepparton, Shepparton
- **fedgov**: Division of Murray, Murray
- **maxtemp**: 22.4
- **mintemp**: 8.6
- **rainfall**: 441.6
- **local map**: yes
- **zoom**: 10