juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Abbas Irshad

Syed **Abbas Irshad** Naqvi, known as Khateeb-e-Inqilab, is a Shia orator (Zakir) from Lucknow, India.

### Opposition to Homosexuality

In 2009, Abbas Irshad Naqvi participated in a special discussion organized by City Montessori School to express his views on the Delhi High Court's judgment legalizing homosexual behavior. Religious leaders from various faiths collectively criticized the judgment and urged the Supreme Court of India, the Central Government, and state governments to review and reconsider the decision. While addressing the media, Naqvi remarked, _"_Homosexual relations will undermine the traditional bonds that we cherish, but we should explore alternative ways to address this issue_."_

#### Opposition to Photo Shoots at Bara Imambara Complex

In 2019, Naqvi, along with Shia clerics such as Maulana Kalbe Jawad (Imam-e-Juma of Asafi Mosque), Maulana Agha Roohi, Maulana Saif Abbas (President of the Shia Moon Committee), Maulana Kalbe Sibtain Noori, and Maulana Yasoob Abbas (Spokesperson of the All India Shia Personal Law Board), signed a memorandum demanding the preservation of the sanctity and religious significance of the 235-year-old Bara Imambara complex.

#### Restoration of Imambara Sibtainabad

In 2020, Naqvi, alongside other Shia clerics, including Maulana Kalbe Sadiq, Maulana Agha Roohi, Maulana Kalbe Jawad, Maulana Yasoob Abbas, and Maulana Saif Abbas, asked the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to conduct an immediate assessment and undertake a time-bound restoration of the Imambara Sibtainabad, a centrally protected monument of historical and cultural importance.

## Religious activities

He is a _zakir_ and recites the _majalis_ (religious lectures to commemorate the Martyrdom of Imam Hussain) not only in India but globally, especially in Lucknow, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Bangalore, etc. He is also joint-secretary of All India Shia Personal Law Board. He has written a book on comparative religion titled _Aitrafat Sahih Bukhari_ in Urdu published in 2005.

## Related pages

- Islamic scholar
- Kalbe Jawad
- Kalbe Sadiq
- Kalbe Rushaid
- Agha Roohi

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Abbas Irshad Naqvi
- **image**: Abbas Irshad.jpg
- **caption**: Maulana Abbas Irshad Naqvi
- **birth place**: Lucknow
- **nationality**: Indian
- **occupation**: Orator, writer
- **relatives**: Syed Muzaffar Husain Rizvi
CarMax

**CarMax, Inc.** is a large company in the United States that sells used cars. It started in 1993 as a side business of Circuit City. Its main office is in Richmond, Virginia. CarMax has two main parts: CarMax Sales Operations and CarMax Auto Finance. The company sells used vehicles across 41 states and runs customer service centers.

## History

CarMax was an idea developed by Circuit City leaders in 1991. It was called "Project X" during the planning stage. The first store opened in September 1993 in Richmond, Virginia. In the 1990s, CarMax also sold new cars. By 2021, CarMax sold its last new car dealership to focus on used cars.

## How CarMax Works

CarMax stores sell used cars with no price haggling. Each car goes through a 125-point inspection and comes with a 90-day warranty. Buyers also get a 10-day money-back guarantee. A CarMax store is about  and has 300–400 cars.

## Growth

CarMax grew quickly over the years. It became independent of Circuit City in 2002. By 2021, CarMax sold over 750,000 vehicles.

## Competition

CarMax competes with other car-selling companies like Carvana and Vroom. CarMax offers ways to buy cars online, at stores, or through delivery. This helps it compete with online-only businesses.

## Awards

CarMax has been on _Fortune_s "100 Best Companies to Work For" list every year from 2005 to 2023.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: CarMax
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **location**: Richmond, Virginia, U.S.
- **industry**: Used car retailer
Meseda Bagaudinova

**Meseda Bagaudinova** (Russian: Меседа Багаудинова; born 30 October 1983) is a Russian singer and ex-member of the popular pop group Nu Virgos (ВИА Гра).

### Early life

Meseda Bagaudinova was born in Grozny, Chechnya, to an Avar father and a Ukrainian-Belarusian mother.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Meseda Bagaudinova
- **image**: Меседа Багаудинова.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Meseda Abdularisovna Bagaudinova
- **birth place**: Grozny, RSFSR, Soviet Union (now Russia)
- **origin**: Avars (Caucasus), Avar
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **occupation**: Singer, Actress
- **associated acts**: VIA Gra
- **years active**: 2007–present
- **website**: [http://www.mesedamusic.ru Official Fan website]
Kurtis Mantronik

**Kurtis el Khaleel** (born **Graham Curtis el Khaleel**, September 4, 1965), known by the stage name **Kurtis Mantronik**, is a Jamaican-born hip hop and electronic-music artist, DJ, remixer, and producer. He was the leader, DJ, and keyboardist of the influential 1980s hip hop and electro-funk group Mantronix. He currently lives in South Africa where he has produced and remixed house and techno music tracks by artists such as India, Junior Senior, Kylie Minogue, Fatboy Slim, The Chemical Brothers, Michael Gray, Victoria Beckham, Liberty X, S Club, and Mim. Mantronik was influential in the development of hip hop music: notably, he laid the foundations for Southern hip hop genres such as Miami bass and trap music, and helped popularize the Amen break.

## Early Life

Mantronik was born in Jamaica to a Syrian father and a Jamaican mother. He emigrated to Sherwood Park, Alberta Canada with his family at the age of 7, before eventually settling in New York City. It was around this time that his interest in electro music began when he heard "Riot in Lagos" (1980) by Yellow Magic Orchestra's Ryuichi Sakamoto on the radio, inspiring him to experiment with electro music a few years later.

## King of the Beats

The 1988 Mantronik track "King of the Beats" was one of the first songs to sample the Amen break. The track made extensive use of the break "in a fresh way" according to _The Economist_, stating "segments from the loop were chopped up, layered and processed so that the drums became central to the track rather than simply a rhythmic bedding." The track played a key role in popularizing the Amen break.

"King of the Beats" itself became one of the most sampled songs in music history. It has been sampled more than 200 times, rivaling that of "Amen, Brother" itself.
Bill Keating

**William Richard Keating** (born September 6, 1952) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Massachusetts's 9th congressional district since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he first entered Congress in 2011, representing Massachusetts's 10th congressional district until redistricting. Keating's district includes Cape Cod and most of the South Coast. He raised his profile advocating for criminal justice issues in both houses of the Massachusetts General Court from 1977 to 1999 before becoming district attorney of Norfolk County, where he served three terms before being elected to Congress. He is a member of the House Armed Services Committee and Foreign Affairs Committee.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bill Keating
- **image**: Bill Keating clerk photo.jpg
- **caption**: Official Portrait, 2022
- **office**: Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
Massachusetts
- **term start**: January 3, 2011
- **predecessor**: Bill Delahunt
- **office1**: District Attorney of Norfolk County, Massachusetts, Norfolk County
- **term start1**: January 3, 1999
- **term end1**: January 3, 2011
- **predecessor1**: Jeffrey Locke
- **successor1**: Michael W. Morrissey, Michael Morrissey
- **office2**: Member of the Massachusetts Senate
- **term start2**: January 3, 1985
- **term end2**: January 3, 1999
- **predecessor2**: Joseph F. Timilty (state senator), Joseph Timilty
- **successor2**: Jo Ann Sprague
- **office3**: Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
- **term start3**: January 3, 1977
- **term end3**: January 3, 1985
- **predecessor3**: Laurence Buxbaum
- **successor3**: Marjorie Clapprood
- **birth name**: William Richard Keating
- **birth place**: Norwood, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Tevis Keating
- **children**: 2
- **website**:
Gare d'Austerlitz

**Gare d'Austerlitz** is one of the 6 main train stations of Paris. It has 25 tracks. It was opened on 20th September 1840. It has a metro station, in which M5 and M10 stop there. RATP buses and the Noctilien also connect to the station.
Kumaragupta I

**Kumaragupta I** was Gupta emperor from 415 until his death in 455. A son of the Gupta king Chandragupta II and Queen Dhruvadevi, he seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory, which extended from Gujarat in the west to Bengal region in the east.

Kumaragupta, a ruler of the Gupta Empire, is known to have performed the Ashvamedha sacrifice, a ritual used by kings to show their power and control. However, there is little clear information about his military successes. Based on inscriptions and coins, some historians believe that he may have defeated the Aulikaras in central India and the Traikutakas in western India. It is also thought that the famous Nalanda Mahavihara (a large Buddhist monastery) was built during his reign.

The Bhitari pillar inscription says that Kumaragupta's son, Skandagupta, worked to restore the Gupta Empire's fortunes. This has led some to suggest that Kumaragupta faced problems towards the end of his reign, possibly due to attacks from the Pushyamitras or the Hunas. However, this is uncertain, and the events mentioned in the inscription may have happened after Kumaragupta's death.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **battles**: *Kumaragupta's Deccan Campaign
*Pushyamitras Invasion
- **office**: List of Gupta emperors, Gupta Emperor
- **successor**: Skandagupta
- **predecessor**: Chandragupta II
- **children**: Skandagupta
Ghatotkachagupta
 Purugupta
- **serviceyears**: CE –  CE
- **death date**: CE
- **parents**: Chandragupta II (father)
Dhurvadevi (mother)
- **honorific prefix**: Maharajadhiraja
Parama-bhattaraka
Paramadvaita
Mahendraditya
- **image**: File:Kumaragupta I circa 414-455 CE.jpg
- **caption**: Elephant-rider coin of Kumaragupta. Obverse legend: "Kumaragupta, who has destroyed his enemies and protected his client kings, is victorious over his foes".
- **relations**: Govindagupta (brother)
Nicholas Chia

**Nicholas Gerald Chia Yeck Joo** (8 April 1938 – 17 December 2024) was a Singaporean Roman Catholic prelate. He was the third Roman Catholic Archbishop of Singapore and the first Singapore-born clergyman to hold the office. He was archbishop from 2001 until 2013. He officially retired as Archbishop of Singapore on 18 May 2013. Chia was born in Singapore.

Chia died on 17 December 2024 at a hospital in Singapore, aged 86.
Witch-cult hypothesis

In the early modern period, between about 1400 and 1775, around 100.000 people in Europe and British America were accused of witchcraft. The accused were persecuted, and between 40.000 and 60.000 of them were executed.

According to the **witch-cult hypothesis**, these people were targeted because they practiced a pagan religion that had survived the Christianization in Europe. Supposedly, members of this "witch cult" gathered on theWitches' Sabbath to perform rites, and also worshiped a horned god of fertility and the underworld. Christian persecutors identified this with the Devil.

This theory has since been proven false. However, some people still believe in the witch-cult hypothesis.

### Creating the hypothesis

Two German scholars, Karl Ernst Jarcke and Franz Josef Mone, were the first to write about the theory in the early nineteenth century. French historian Jules Michelet, American feminist Matilda Joslyn Gage, and American folklorist Charles Leland later adopted it in that century.

The hypothesis became most famous when British Egyptologist Margaret Murray adopted it and presented her version of it in _The Witch-Cult in Western Europe_ (1921). She later wrote about the hypothesis in books (like _The God of the Witches_ in 1931) and in her contribution to the _Encyclopædia Britannica_.

The "Murrayite theory" was popular among parts of academia and the general public in the early and mid-twentieth century. However, it was never accepted by specialists in the witch trials, who publicly disproved it through in-depth research during the 1960s and 1970s.

### Criticism

Contemporary experts in European witchcraft view the 'pagan witch cult' theory as pseudohistorical. Mainstream academics believe that the people accused of witchcraft (and executed for it) did not share any particular witch religion, pagan or otherwise.

Critics also point out other flaws with the theory. It rested on highly selective use of evidence from the witch trials, which heavily misrepresented the events and the actions of both the accused and their accusers. It also mistakenly assumed that claims made by accused witches were truthful, and not distorted by coercion and torture. Further, despite claims that the 'witch cult' was a pre-Christian survival, there is no evidence of such a 'pagan witch cult' throughout the Middle Ages.

### Influence

The witch-cult hypothesis has influenced literature. It was adapted into fiction in works by John Buchan, Robert Graves, and others.

The theory greatly influenced Wicca, a new religious movement of modern Paganism. It emerged in the mid-twentieth century in Britain and claimed to be a survival of the 'pagan witch cult'.

Since the 1960s, Carlo Ginzburg and other scholars have argued that surviving elements of pre-Christian religion in European folk culture influenced Early Modern stereotypes of witchcraft, but scholars still debate how this may relate, if at all, to the Murrayite witch-cult hypothesis.
Beatriz Sarlo

**Beatriz Sarlo** (29 March 1942 – 17 December 2024) was an Argentine literary and cultural critic. She was the founding editor of the cultural journal _Punto de Vista_. She was honored with the Order of Cultural Merit in 2009. Sarlo was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Sarlo died on 17 December 2024 from problems caused by a stroke in Buenos Aires, aged 82.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Beatriz Sarlo
- **image**: Beatriz Sarlo 2015 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Sarlo in 2015
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **occupation**: Literary and cultural critic
- **education**: University of Buenos Aires
Karl Ernst Jarcke

**Karl Ernst Jarcke** was a German publisher and professor of criminal law.

## Biography

Jarcke was to born in Danzig, Prussia Protestant merchant family, on November 10, 1801. He died on December 27, 1852, in Vienna, Austria.
Diane Delano

**Diane Delano** (January 29, 1957 – December 13, 2024) was an American actress. She was known for her roles in movies and television. She played Sergeant Barbara Semanski on the CBS television series _Northern Exposure_ and Roberta "Bobbi" Glass on The WB television series _Popular_. She played Sister Beech in the 2006 movie _The Wicker Man_. Delano was born in Los Angeles, California.

Delano died on December 13, 2024 from cancer in Los Angeles, aged 67.
Igor Kirillov (general)

**Igor Anatolyevich Kirillov** (13 July 1970 – 17 December 2024) was a Russian lieutenant general. He was the Head of the NBC Protection Troops of the Russian Armed Forces until his assassination in 2024.

In September 2014, Kirillov was appointed head of the Timoshenko NBC Protection Military Academy.

On 16 December 2024, Ukraine charged Kirillov in absentia for using banned chemical weapons during the Russo-Ukrainian war.

Kirillov was killed in an explosion in Moscow, Russia on 17 December 2024. A bomb was hidden in an E-scooter that was nearby Kirillov. The Security Service of Ukraine claimed responsibility for the killing and called Kirillov a war criminal.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Igor Kirillov
- **native name**: Игорь Анатольевич Кириллов
- **native name lang**: ru
- **image**: Kirillov Igor Anatolyevich (3x4 cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Kirillov in 2019
- **birth place**: Kostroma, Russian SFSR, USSR
- **death place**: Moscow, Russia
- **death cause**: Assassinated by scooter bombing
- **rank**: Lieutenant general
- **commands**: Russian NBC Protection Troops
- **alma mater**: NBC Protection Military Academy
Anna Sedokova

**Anna Volodymyrivna Sedokova** (born 16 December 1982) is a Ukrainian singer, actress, and television presenter. She is known for being a member of the girl pop group Nu Virgos. She played Diana in the 2011 Russian comedy movie _The Pregnant_.

## Personal life

Sedokova was born in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union (now Kyiv, Ukraine) in 1982. She studied at Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. She continued her studies while also hosting television shows.

Sedokova married Belarusian footballer Valyantsin Byalkevich in 2004. The couple divorced in 2006. They had one daughter.

Sedokova was married to businessman Maxim Chernyavsky from February 2011 to February 2013. They had one daughter. In May 2017, Sedokova was engaged to businessman Artyom Komarov. They had a son. In August 2017, Sedokova announced that she had ended her relationship with Komarov.

In September 2020, she married Latvian professional basketball player Jānis Timma. In late 2024, Sedokova filed for a divorce from Timma. On 16 December, Timma committed suicide on Sedokova's 42nd birthday.

In December 2010, Sedokova came out as bisexual.

## Singles

|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:19em;"|Title|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Year|scope="col" colspan="3"|Peak chart positions|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Album|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2006|—|—|—|rowspan="13"||||
|2007|—|—|—|||||
|2008|13|61|1371|||||
|rowspan="3"|2009|—|—|—||||
|—|—|—||||||
|123|512|1122||||||
|2011|174|84|443|||||
|rowspan="2"|2012|225|732|766||||
|167|37|420||||||
|rowspan="5"|2013|—|—|—||||
|—|—|—||||||
|158|47|1266||||||
|158|95|538||||||
|—|—|—|_Lichnoe_|||||
|rowspan="2"|2014|168|70|808|rowspan="2"|||
|—|—|—||||||
|rowspan="2"|2015|—|—|—|_Zvuchit_|||
|—|—|—||||||
|rowspan="2"|2016|195|446|1529|_Lichnoe_|||
|155|645|318||||||
|colspan="11" style="font-size:8pt;"|"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart.|||||||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **associated acts**: Nu Virgos


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Anna Sedokova
- **native name lang**: uk
- **image**: Анна Седокова (1).jpg
- **caption**: Sedokova in 2016
- **birth name**: Anna Volodymyrivna Sedokova
- **birth place**: Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union (now Kyiv, Ukraine)
- **nationality**: Ukrainian
- **alma mater**: Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts
- **years active**: 2001–present
- **partner**: Artyom Komarov (2016–2017)
- **children**: 3
Flag of Tbilisi

The **flag of Tbilisi**, capital of Georgia, is a rectangular white banner with a blue Nordic-type cross outlined in amber that extends to edges of the flag. The point of crossing is crowned by the central detail from the seal of Tbilisi surrounded by seven-point gold stars lined up in a crescent manner.

## Design and symbolism

The meaning of the colors of the flag are as follows:

|Name|width=100|Color|HEX Code|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gold|style = "background-color: #CFB53B; color: #CFB53B||#CFB53B|
|White|style = "background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #FFFFFF"||#FFFFFF|
|Bright Blue|style = "background-color: #0096ff; color: #0096FF"||#0096FF|
J-Bus

**J-Bus** is a Japanese bus manufacturer, formed as a joint venture between Isuzu and Hino in 2002. The company focuses on producing various types of buses and coaches, including both traditional and hybrid models.

## History

In January 2002, Isuzu and Hino agreed to merge their bus and coach development and manufacturing operations. This led to the creation of J-Bus in October 2002. The company officially began its operations in 2004, following the integration of Isuzu's and Hino's bus and coach subsidiaries. Over the years, J-Bus has expanded its product lineup and introduced many buses such as the first articulated bus developed in Japan in 2017. In addition, J-Bus has been involved in assembling fuel cell buses, such as the Toyota Sora, and has plans to begin assembling large electric buses by 2024.

### Komatsu Plant

Hino Selega / Isuzu Gala
(High deck coaches available in short and long versions).

Hino Melpha / Isuzu Gala Mio
(Short-range coaches).

Hino Poncho
(Small bus for local routes).

Toyota Sora
(A fuel cell-powered transit bus).

### Utsunomiya Plant

Isuzu Erga / Hino Blue Ribbon
(Large transit buses, available with internal combustion engines or hybrid systems).

Isuzu Erga Duo / Hino Blue Ribbon
(Hybrid articulated buses).

Isuzu Erga Mio / Hino Rainbow
(Medium-sized transit buses).

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: J-Bus Ltd.
- **logo**: J-Bus logo.png
- **industry**: Automotive industry, Automotive
- **native name**: ジェイ・バス株式会社
- **native name lang**: ja
- **romanized name**: Jei-basu Kabushiki-gaisha
- **type**: Joint venture
- **hq location city**: Komatsu, Ishikawa
- **hq location country**: Japan
- **key people**: Tetsuro Ishikawa (President)
- **products**: Buses, Coach (bus), coaches, parts
- **revenue year**: FY2021
- **operating income**: -
- **income year**: FY2021
- **net income**: -
- **net income year**: FY2021
- **assets year**: FY2021
- **equity year**: FY2021
- **num employees**: 1,541
- **num employees year**: March 2022
- **footnotes**: Fiscal Year 2021 (FY2021) is from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022.
References:
Marathon Motors Engineering

**Marathon Motors Engineering, Plc**. is a prominent joint venture between the South Korean automotive giant Hyundai Motor Company and Ethiopian long-distance runner Haile Gebrselassie. Located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the company serves as the official general importer of Hyundai vehicles in Ethiopia. It is also involved in local vehicle assembly

## History

Founded in 2009, Marathon Motors Engineering was established as a result of a partnership between Hyundai Motor Company and Haile Gebrselassie, a former Ethiopian long-distance runner. The company made its debut at a press conference during the presentation of the Haile Resort in Awasa. Marathon Motors started assembling vehicles locally in Ethiopia, with a plant located in Nifas Silk-Lafto, Addis Ababa. This assembly plant, inaugurated in February 2019, in July 2020, the company began assembling electric vehicles, including the Hyundai Ioniq.

## Models

Marathon Motors mainly produces locally Hyundai cars like the
Hyundai Ioniq Other cars include:
Hyundai Accent
Hyundai Grand Creta
Hyundai Kona EV
Hyundai Ioniq 6
And the Hyundai Santa Fe

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Marathon Motors Engineering, Plc.
- **type**: Private limited company
- **foundation**: 2009
- **location city**: Addis Ababa
- **location country**: Ethiopia
- **key people**: Melkamu Assefa (Chief Executive Officer, CEO)
Haile Gebrselassie (Chairman)
- **industry**: Automotive industry
- **products**: Automobiles
Allobates femoralis

The **brilliant-thighed rocket frog** or **brilliant-thighed poison arrow frog** (_Allobates femoralis_) is a frog.  It lives in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

## Body

The adult male frog can be 28-33  mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog can be 33-35 mm long. The skin of the frog's back is black or dark brown in color. There is a light brown line from the nose to the back legs. There is a white line from the nose to the back legs. There is an orange mark near where the back legs make the body. The belly is white with black marks. The throat is black.

This frog eats ants and other animals with no bones.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day. It lives on the ground in tropical forests. People have seen it in forests that have never been cut down and forests that were destroyed and are growing back. People see them near the ends of forests. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 1000 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in many protected parks.

## Young

The female frog lays her eggs on the dead leaves on the ground. She lays 8-17 eggs at a time. After the eggs hatch, the male and female frogs carry the tadpoles to water, where the tadpoles swim and grow.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Humans do change the places where the frog lives to make farms, make places for animals to eat grass, and get wood to build with. The fungus _Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis_ can get into this frog, but scientists do not think the frogs die from it.

Humans do sell this frog on the international pet trade, but scientists do not know if the frogs were caught in the forests or not.
Hyundai Ioniq 9

The **Hyundai Ioniq 9** is a battery-electric, full-size crossover SUV with three-row seating. It is part of the Ioniq sub-brand, which focuses on electric vehicles. The Ioniq 9 is the largest electric passenger car produced by Hyundai as of 2025.

## History

The Ioniq 9 was first unveiled in November 2024 in Los Angeles, California. It was initially previewed by the Hyundai Seven Concept in 2021 and was originally named the Ioniq 7. After further development, the vehicle was renamed to Ioniq 9 in 2024.

## Markets

Sales of the Ioniq 9 are expected to begin in South Korea and the United States in the first half of 2025. It will later be available in Europe and other markets around the world.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Hyundai Ioniq 9
- **image**: 26 Hyundai Ioniq 9 Limited (cropped).jpg
- **manufacturer**: Hyundai Motor Company, Hyundai
- **model code**: ME
- **production**: 2025-
- **model years**: 2026
- **class**: Full-size crossover SUV
- **body style**: 5-door SUV
- **platform**: Hyundai Electric Global Modular Platform, E-GMP
- **motor**: Permanent magnet synchronous motors
- **battery**: 110.3 kWh lithium-ion
- **range**: Up to  (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure, WLTP)
Hyundai Bayon

The **Hyundai Bayon** is a five-door subcompact Crossover SUV produced by the South Korean carmaker Hyundai. It is designed primarily for the European market and is based on the third-generation Hyundai i20. The Bayon offers a front-wheel-drive layout, and it does not offer an all-wheel-drive option.

## History

The Hyundai Bayon was introduced in March 2021 as the smallest SUV in Hyundai's European lineup, positioned below the Hyundai Kona. The Bayon’s name comes from the French city of Bayonne. The Bayon is produced at Hyundai’s İzmit plant in Turkey. A facelifted version of the Bayon was revealed in January 2024.

## Markets

Initially designed for Europe, the Bayon is also offered in select markets in Central Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. It is not available in all regions outside of Europe and Turkey.

## Powertrain

The Hyundai Bayon offers a range of petrol engine options, including a 1.0L Smartstream G1.0 T-GDi I3 mild hybrid engine, a 1.2L Smartstream G1.2 MPi I4 engine, and a 1.4L Kappa II MPi I4 engine. It is available with different transmission options, including manual, automatic, and dual-clutch transmissions. The Bayon also features a mild-hybrid system.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Hyundai Bayon
- **image**: 2021 Hyundai Bayon Premium T-GDi MHEV 1.0 (1).jpg
- **caption**: Hyundai Bayon (pre-facelift)
- **manufacturer**: Hyundai Motor Company, Hyundai
- **model code**: BC3 CUV
- **production**: 2021–present
- **assembly**: Turkey: İzmit (Hyundai Assan Otomotiv, Hyundai Assan)
- **designer**: Under the lead of SangYup Lee
- **class**: Subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment, B)
- **body style**: 5-door Sport utility vehicle, SUV
- **platform**: Hyundai-Kia K platforms#K2, Hyundai-Kia K2
- **related**: Hyundai i20#BC3, Hyundai i20 (BC3)
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
- **predecessor**: Hyundai i20#GB, Hyundai i20 Active
- **drivetrain**: Mild hybrid (1.0L I3)
R. D. Burman

**R.D. Burman** (Rahul Dev Burman) was a famous Indian music composer. He was born on June 27, 1939, in Calcutta (now Kolkata), India. He is often called "Pancham Da" by his fans. He is known for his work in Bollywood music. He is one of the most celebrated composers in Indian cinema.

Burman was the son of the well-known composer Sachin Dev Burman. He started his career as an assistant to his father. Later he became a music director on his own. He worked on many popular songs and movies. He created music that was new and fresh for its time.

Some of his famous movies include _Sholay_,  _Yaadon ki baarat_, _Hum Kisise Kum Nahin,_ _Pyar Ka Mausam_, and _Hare Rama Hare Krishna_. His songs became very popular for their catchy tunes and modern sound, blending traditional Indian music with Western styles.

Burman worked with many famous singers like Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar, and Asha Bhosle, and created many hit songs. Some of his popular songs include _"Dum Maro Dum,"_ _"Yeh Shaam Mastani,"_ _"Gulaabi Aankhein Jo Teri Dekhi"_ and _"Aap Ki Aankhon Mein."_

Burman died on January 4, 1994 due to a heart attack.
Sa-Fire

**Wilma Cosmé** (born 16 January 1966, in San Juan, Puerto Rico), better known by her stage name **Sa-Fire**, is an American singer. Sa-Fire's Latin Freestyle music was able to break through into the broader pop music world. She has been featured in various magazines, such as Us Magazine, Billboard, Vogue, Elle, and most recently in the December 2011 issue of Signature Hits Magazine. She was the first Latina to appear on the cover of Spin Magazine. Sa-Fire has also appeared on television programs such as American Bandstand, The Pat Sajak Show, The Joan Rivers Show, Latin Connection, MTV International, The Party Machine with Nia Peeples, PM Magazine, Entertainment Tonight, Access Hollywood, TMZ, The View, MTV, and Telemundo. Sa-Fire has performed throughout the United States, Japan, Europe, the Caribbean, and South America. She has won numerous awards for her work, including six New York Music Awards, three Desi Awards, an ASCAP Award for writing "Thinking of You," and the LGBT Lifetime Achievement Award. She has sold over 1.9 million records.
Den Harrow

**Den Harrow** was an Italo disco project from the mid 1980s, with **Stefano Zandri** (born 4 June 1962) as the face of the artist (lip syncing) , and Tom Hooker doing most of the vocals. It was revealed many years later that Zandri did not sing on any of their hits and that most of the songs were performed and co-written by Hooker. Den Harrow was conceived by producers Roberto Turatti and Miki Chieregato, who based it on the Italian word denaro (money).

## History

Den Harrow was formed in 1983 by Italian producers Roberto Turatti and Miki Chieregato with Stefano Zandri as the face of the project and Tom Hooker doing most of the vocals, as well as songwriting on many of their tracks.

### Compilation albums

|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"|Title|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"|Album details|scope="col" colspan="1"|Peak chart positions|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|*Released: 1989 *Label: Baby Records, Ariola *Formats: CD, Cassette, LP|18|||||
|*Released: 1999 *Label: D.V. More Record *Formats: CD, Cassette, LP|—|||||
|colspan="10" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"|"—" denotes items that did not chart or were not released.|||||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Den Harrow
- **image**: DEN HARROW (8389639284).jpg
- **caption**: Stefano Zandri performing in 2006
- **genre**: Italo disco
- **years active**: 1983–present
Sweet Sensation (group)

**Sweet Sensation** was a freestyle-dance music girl group from The Bronx, New York City. The group was originally composed of Betty "Dee" LeBron and sisters Margie and Mari Fernandez. Sheila Vega replaced Mari in 1988. The group was formed in 1986 and released albums until 1992. Their song "If Wishes Came True" is their biggest hit, topping the Billboard Hot 100 list for a week in 1990.
X (American band)

**X** is an American punk rock band formed in Los Angeles. The original members are vocalist Exene Cervenka, vocalist-bassist John Doe, guitarist Billy Zoom and drummer D. J. Bonebrake. The band released seven studio albums from 1980 to 1993. After a period of inactivity during the mid-to-late 1990s, X reunited in the early 2000s and continued to tour.In June 2024, X announced a final album and farewell tour.
Grace Potter and the Nocturnals

**Grace Potter and the Nocturnals** are an American rock band from Vermont, formed in 2002 in Waitsfield by drummer Matt Burr, guitarist Scott Tournet, and singer Grace Potter. They began their career as an indie band, self-producing their albums and touring extensively in the jam bands and music festivals circuit, playing as many as 200 gigs in a year. In 2005 they signed for Hollywood Records; they have published four studio albums, encompassing rock subgenres such as blues rock, folk rock, hard rock, and alternative rock. Their third, self-titled album (2010) was a major commercial success, topping iTunes charts and receiving international attention.

The band is fronted by lead vocalist and multi-instrumentalist Grace Potter, who is known for her vocal qualities—evocative of blues rock singers like Janis Joplin, Bonnie Raitt, or Koko Taylor—as well as for her vibrant energy on stage. Besides playing with the Nocturnals, Potter has also released solo material and collaborated with other artists including Kenny Chesney and The Rolling Stones.

With Potter and Burr's divorce and Burr's subsequent departure from the band, the future of the Nocturnals is uncertain.
Angelina (American singer)

**Angelina Camarillo Ramos** (born 1976) is an American singer from Union City, California. Angelina is best known for her 1996 hit song "Release Me", which reached No. 52 on the Billboard Hot 100. Her other Hot 100 chart peaks include "I Don't Need Your Love" (#69), "Without Your Love" (#82), and "The Tide Is High" (#89) in addition to her single "Mambo" peaking at #2 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100.

After her brother Daniel was killed in 2006, Angelina stopped writing songs. She still toured on the dance music circuit for a while after that, eventually leaving the entertainment industry altogether to become a schoolteacher in East San Jose.

Her brother, Daniel Camarillo, has a memorial in his name at the Charles F. Kennedy Park in their hometown of Union City, California.
Fragma

**Fragma** is a German vocal trance music group, originally comprising three producers. The group was successful in the early 2000s when they released several singles that charted successfully across Europe, especially the United Kingdom and Ireland, but also found some success in the United States and Australia. They continued to produce music until 2012 following the departure of vocalist Damae. After several years of hiatus, Fragma recruited a new vocalist in 2017, Tess, to front the group.
Groove Coverage

**Groove Coverage** is a German dance music group which consists of Axel Konrad, DJ Novus, Melanie Munch, better known as Mell (lead singer), and Verena Rehm (former stage performer, backing singer, occasional lead singer). Producers of the band are Ole Wierk and Axel Konrad. The project was founded in the summer of 2001 by DJ Novus, in co-operation with Suprime Music (Konrad). With eleven singles in the German Top 50 and over 13 million records sold worldwide, Groove Coverage is one of the most successful German dance artists.
Everything But The Girl

**Everything but the Girl** are an English musical duo formed in Kingston upon Hull in 1982, consisting of lead singer, songwriter, composer and occasional guitarist Tracey Thorn and guitarist, keyboardist, songwriter, composer, producer and singer Ben Watt. The group's early works have been categorized as sophisti-pop with jazz influences before undergoing an electronic music turn following the worldwide success of the 1994 hit single "Missing", remixed by Todd Terry.
Jump5

**Jump5** was an American Christian teen pop group active from 1999 until 2007. The group was made up of five members from Nashville: Brandon and Brittany Hargest, Chris Fedun, Lesley Moore, and Libby Hodges. After Libby Hodges left in 2004, Natasha Noack joined the group temporarily, but the group eventually set on with the four remaining members. In December 2007, the group separated.

The group released five traditional studio albums together with two Christmas albums. Five of them reached the top 20 of the Billboard Top Christian Albums chart.
Pandora (musical group)

**Pandora** are a female Mexican singing group formed in 1981 under the name **Trebol** by sisters Isabel Lascurain and Mayte Lascurain and their cousin Fernanda Meade. The group was renamed "Pandora" upon signing with EMI Records in 1984.
Junior Jack

**Vito Lucente** (born 31 August 1971), known by his stage name **Junior Jack**, is an Italian house music producer and DJ based in Belgium.
Milk & Sugar

**Milk & Sugar** is a German house music producer and record label, represented by Mike Milk (real name: Michael Kronenberger) and formerly Steven Sugar (real name: Steffen Harding).The duo collaborated between 1993 and 2022 under a variety of names, including Axis, Hitch Hiker & Jacques Dumondt, and Mike Stone & Steve Heller, and have scored major club hits internationally, including a re-make of John Paul Young's "Love Is in the Air".
Santa Esmeralda

**Santa Esmeralda** is a French-American disco group formed in the 1970s. The group had hits with its remakes of the 1960s hits "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood" and "House of the Rising Sun". Santa Esmeralda featured original lead singer Leroy Gómez in 1977-1978 and singer Jimmy Goings from late 1978 until 1983. Gómez rejoined the group in the 1990s.
Mim Grey

**Miriam "Mim" Grey** is an English singer-songwriter. Grey has worked with London-based DJs and producers such as Lee Cabrera (2005 single/EP, "I Watch You") and Kurtis Mantronik (2003 single/EP, "How Did You Know"). Tom Jones described Grey as his "favourite singer.

In May 2010, Grey released her first solo album, Grey Matters. She has since performed with Paul McCartney and Tom Jones.
DJ Hell

**Helmut Josef Geier** (born 6 September 1962 in Altenmarkt an der Alz, Bavaria), known professionally as **DJ Hell**, is a German DJ.
Chandragupta I Conquest of Vaishali

Numismatist John Allan suggested that Chandragupta defeated a Lichchhavi kingdom based in Vaishali and married Kumaradevi, a Lichchhavi princess, as part of a peace treaty.

He believed the Guptas valued this marriage because of the Lichchhavis' ancient lineage. However, the Manusamhita, an ancient text, describes the Lichchhavis as "unorthodox and impure," making it unlikely that the Guptas mentioned Samudragupta's Lichchhavi ancestry to enhance their social status. It is also unlikely that they would feature the Lichchhavis' name on their coins if they had defeated them.

Instead, the marriage likely helped Chandragupta expand his political power and adopt the title Maharajadhiraja (Great King of Kings). The Lichchhavi name on Gupta coins may symbolize their role in strengthening Gupta rule. After the marriage, Chandragupta probably took control of Lichchhavi territories. Alternatively, the Gupta and Lichchhavi states may have formed a union, with Chandragupta and Kumaradevi ruling their respective regions until their son Samudragupta united the kingdoms under his sole rule.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Chandragupta I 's Conquest of Vaishali
- **partof**: Wars of Gupta Empire
- **date**: 4th Century
- **place**: Vaishali (Bihar, Modern day  India)
- **result**: Gupta Empire, Gupta victory
- **territory**: Vaishali Kingdom conquered by Chandragupta I
- **combatant2**: Licchavis of Vaishali
- **combatant1**: Gupta Empire
- **commander2**: Unknown
- **commander1**: Chandragupta I
Jan Zoet

**Jan Zoet** (1958 – 14 December 2024) was a Dutch theater director of Rotterdamse Schouwburg (1998-2013), Academy of Theatre and Dance (2012-2020) and   /  (2020-2023).

## Biography

Born in 1958, Zoet studied Dutch language and literature and Theatre Studies at Leiden University. He started working as a theater critic and was during the 1980s and 1990s also a playwright and producer. As an artistic leader he worked for among others  and  in Amsterdam.

Zoet was the director of Rotterdamse Schouwburg between 1998 and 2013. He founded a production company in Rotterdam that includes collabrations between the International Film Festival Rotterdam, Rotterdamse Schouwburg, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen and V2 Institute for the Unstable Media. He was committees or board member of Dutch public broadcaster VPRO, Het Cultuurfonds, Toneelgroep Amsterdam.

From 2012 he became director of Academy of Theatre and Dance in Amsterdam that he would be until 2020. During the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands where the cultural sector came to a standstill. As an advocate for the cultural sector, he took the lead in a joint lobby. Together with Jeroen Bartelse, he managed to save many institutions from bankruptcy.

From 2020 he was director of the  / cultural center  in The Hague. During his period as director he had to manage the move of Amare.

He retired in 2023 due to an illness. He died from a brain tumor on 14 December 2024, at the age of 66 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jan Zoet
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: theater director
Rwandan franc

The **Rwandan franc** is the currency of Rwanda. There are coins of 1,5,10,20,50 and 100 francs, and notes of 100,500,1000,2000 and 5000 francs.There are 100 centimes to a franc, but the smallest coin is 1 franc. The ISO currency code used is _RWF_. FRw and RF are also used. The Rwandan Franc became the currency of Rwanda, when the territory changed from being a German colony to being a Begian one. The Rwandan Franc was first used in 1964, two years after Rwada had become independent.
GIGN

The **GIGN** ( ; ) is the police tactical unit of the French National Gendarmerie. They deal with counterterrorism, hostage rescue, and surveillance of national threats, protecting government officials, protecting important sites, and targeting organized crime.

## Other websites

- GIGN page on the Gendarmerie Nationale's Official webpage
- _GIGN, 40 ans d'assauts_ (French documentary)

## Infobox (law enforcement unit)

- **unit name**: National Gendarmerie Intervention Group
- **image**: Écusson région gendarmerie GIGN.svg
- **caption**: Official insignia (2021)
- **dates**: 1973–present
- **agency**: National Gendarmerie
- **type**: Police tactical unit
- **ops juris**: * National
* International
- **headquarters label**: Headquarters
- **headquarters**: Satory, Yvelines, France
- **motto translated**: ()
- **abbreviation**: GIGN
- **sworn type label**: Operators
- **sworn**: (400 in Satory)
- **current commander**: Major general#France, Général de Division Ghislain Réty
- **awards**:
Observational astronomy

**Observational astronomy** is a type of astronomy. One has to record, analyse, and study data taken from giant telescopes located in observatories in isolated places. People will use giant telescopes to take a look on an object in the night sky and then study that object. Many times, one will have to study a photo of an object they themselves did not take.

## Other websites

https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/
Nightflight to Venus

***Nightflight to Venus*** is the third studio album by Euro-Caribbean group Boney M.. It was released in June 1978. The album became a major success in continental Europe, Scandinavia, and Canada. It topped most of the album charts during the second half of 1978. It became the group's first number one album in the United Kingdom.
Zentveld & Oomen

**Zentveld & Oomen** is a Dutch DJ duo consisting of Hugo Zentveld (a.k.a. DJ Renegade) and Aldwin Oomen, who are behind a number of dance production projects, including **Angel City**, **Boombastic** and **Nightbreed**.

### Studio albums

|Year|Album details|
| --- | --- |
|2005|_Love Me Right_ * Release date: 28 February 2005 * Label: Data Records|
Hyundai Green City

The **Hyundai Green City** is a type of bus made by Hyundai. It is used for city transport and tourism. The bus is mainly a CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) bus but also comes in diesel versions. The Green City is built on the same platform as the Hyundai Aero City.

## First Generation - Global 900 (2002-2004)

The first version of the Green City was called the Hyundai Global 900. It was introduced in 2002. The Global 900 was available with two engine types: a diesel engine from Mercedes Benz and a CNG engine made by Hyundai.

### New Global 900 (2004-2008)

In 2004, the Global 900 got an update. It had a new diesel engine, called the Hyundai DB9A, which made 260 horsepower. The CNG version kept the same engine. In 2005, the bus also came in a version for tourists. A driver protection feature was added in 2006.

### New Global 900 Facelift (2008-2010)

In 2008, the bus got a new look. It replaced the power antenna with a loop antenna. The diesel version now had stronger engines: the D6GA (250-255 hp) and the D6GB (260 hp). The CNG version still used the same engine.

## Green City (2010-2024)

In 2010, the bus was renamed the Green City. It had some changes, including a new CNG engine that met Euro 4 standards. The bus also got new flooring. In 2011, the Green City added CD audio and MP3 players. By 2012, a new G260 Euro 5 engine was added. In 2015, a stronger G280 Euro 6 engine with 280 hp was available.

In 2017, the Green City added ultrasonic sensors, call buzzers, and USB ports for the audio system.

## Markets

The Hyundai Green City was mainly sold in South Korea. It was also available in other countries, including China and some Southeast Asian nations. The bus was used in both city transportation and tourism services.

## Discontinuation

In 2023, it was announced that the Green City would be discontinued in 2024. This was because all new buses in South Korea must have a low-floor design. The Green City was a high-floor bus, so it will no longer be made.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **image**: 0 Hyundai Greencity 1.jpg
- **name**: Hyundai Green City
- **manufacturer**: Hyundai Motor Company
- **production**: 2002-2024
- **successor**: Hyundai Elec City Town
- **class**: Commercial vehicles, Rear wheel drive vehicles
- **platform**: Hyundai Bus Chassis
- **body style**: Bus
- **engine**: Diesel List of Mercedes-Benz engines#Bus and Truck, OM906 (2002-2007)
Hyundai G Engine (2008-2024)
CNG C6AB
- **transmission**: 5-speed manual transmission, manual
- **related**: Hyundai Aero City, Bering Global 900, Bering Aero City, Hyundai Elec City Town, Elec City Town
- **designer**: Hyundai Motor Company Design Center