juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Gennadi Vengerov

**Gennadi Aronovich Vengerov** (; 27 August 1959 – 22 April 2015) was a Belarusian-born Russian-German actor and voice artist. He began acting in 1978 on stage, and later in 1987 on television and movies. He had over 150 credits to his name. He was also the Russian voice of the title character of _EVE Online_ and appeared in the movie _Enemy at the Gates_ (2001). In 1990, he moved to German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, and worked as a Deutsche Welle radio announcer.

Vengerov was born in Vitebsk. He served in the Soviet Army until 1983 when he moved to Moscow.

Vengerov died from lung and bone cancer on 22 April 2015 in Düsseldorf. He was 55.
Fastlane (2015)

**Fastlane (2015)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on February 22, 2015 at FedExForum in Memphis, Tennessee. It was the first Fastlane event held by the WWE.

The main event saw Roman Reigns defeat Daniel Bryan to keep his spot in the WWE World Heavyweight Championship main event match against Brock Lesnar at WrestleMania 31.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**#**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Matches**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|The Authority (Kane, Big Show and Seth Rollins) (with Jamie Noble and Joey Mercury) defeated Dolph Ziggler, Erick Rowan and Ryback|Six-man tag team match|13:01|||||
|2|Goldust defeated Stardust|Singles match|8:55|||||
|3|Tyson Kidd and Cesaro (with Natalya) defeated The Usos (Jimmy Uso and Jey Uso) (c) (with Naomi)|Tag team match for the WWE Tag Team Championship|9:33|||||
|4|Nikki Bella (c) (with Brie Bella) defeated Paige|Singles match for the WWE Divas Championship|5:34|||||
|5|Bad News Barrett (c) defeated Dean Ambrose by disqualification|Singles match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship|7:58|||||
|6|Rusev (c) (with Lana) defeated John Cena by submission<sup>1</sup>|Singles match for the WWE United States Championship|16:45|||||
|7|Roman Reigns defeated Daniel Bryan|Singles match for a WWE World Heavyweight Championship match at WrestleMania 31|22:51|||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match|||||||

<small><sup>1</sup>Cena passed out in Rusev's finisher, _The Accolade_ and the match's outcome was announced as a submission victory for Rusev.</small>

## Other websites

- Official Fastlane website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Fastlane (2015)
- **tagline**: Get in the Fastlane on the Road to WrestleMania
- **theme**: "Full Speed (album), Faster" by Kid Ink
- **promotion**: WWE
- **date**: February 22, 2015
- **venue**: FedExForum
- **city**: Memphis, Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
- **lastevent**: Royal Rumble (2015)
- **nextevent**: WrestleMania 31
- **event**: WWE Fastlane, Fastlane
- **lastevent2**: _First_
- **nextevent2**: Fastlane (2016)
Smith v. Allwright

***Smith v. Allwright *** (1944), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court. The decision made it unconstitutional to keep African Americans from voting in a Democratic Party primary in Texas. By extension it covered white primaries in all states. It overturned _Grovey v. Townsend_ (1935) which had allowed the Democratic party to hold all-white primaries that excluded black voters.

## The all-white primary

The Reconstruction Amendments to the United States Constitution gave African Americans freedom from slavery, citizenship and the right to vote. But many former slave states came up with ways to keep blacks from voting. These included poll taxes, literacy tests and complex voter registration laws. While these worked in most southern states, it did not work in Texas. The party needed the Hispanic vote but wanted to exclude blacks. They needed also to split the black and hispanic vote. Texas, like most southern states, was a one-party state. The Democratic party controlled politics. The state and local primary elections decided which candidate would ultimately win office in the general election. Democrats in Texas used the "white primary" to serve their purposes. It prohibited non-whites from joining the Democratic party and taking part in primary elections. It could be used also to exclude Mexican Americans in areas of the state where the party did not need them. The Reconstruction Amendments applied to the state. But in _Grovey v. Townsend_ the state of Texas was allowed to pass on its responsibility for protecting black voter rights to a private organization—the Democratic party. This allowed Texas to use the all-white primary.

## The case

In another decision, _Grovey v. Townsend_ (1935), the Supreme Court decided that the Democratic Party was a private organization. Their state convention could decide who can be a member. Lonnie E. Smith, a Houston dentist, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) decided to fight this decision.

In Smith v. Allwright (1944), the court overturned the Grovey ruling. A majority of the justices decided that the Democratic party was more than a private organization. It was a part of the election process in Texas. For this reason the court said that it was  unconstitutional to stop African Americans from voting in the Democratic primary.

## Other websites

- Smith v. Allwright - Impact
- Smith v. Allwright, The Oyez Project
Cindy Yang

**Peng Hsin-yi** (; 4 December 1990 – 21 April 2015), better known by her stage name **Cindy Yang** (Chinese: 楊又穎), was a Taiwanese actress and model. She was known for her appearances on _100% Entertainment_ and the movie _First of May_ (2015).

Yang was born in Taichung. She was the daughter of politician Peng Tso-kwei. She committed suicide by helium inhalation on 21 April 2015, aged 24. Her funeral was held on 24 April.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Cindy Yang
- **birth name**: Peng Hsin-yi
- **birth place**: Taichung, Taiwan
- **death place**: Taichung, Taiwan
- **occupation**: Actress, model
- **years active**: 2011–2015
Ali Abu Mukhammad

**Ali Abu Mukhammad** (), also known as **Ali Abu Muhammad al-Dagestani**, born **Aliaskhab Alibulatovich Kebekov** (), was a Dagestani militant Islamist in Russia and the leader of the Caucasus Emirate following the death of inaugural leader Dokka Umarov. The United States Department of State added Kebekov to its list of Specially Designated Global Terrorists on March 25, 2015.

On 19 April 2015, Ali Abu Mukhammad was killed by Russian security forces during special operations near Buynaksk.
Sixto Valencia Burgos

**Sixto Valencia Burgos** (March 28, 1934 – April 23, 2015) was a Mexican cartoon artist. He was born and died in Mexico City. He was best known for drawing famed Mexican cartoon character Memín Pinguín. He also worked as a cartoonist for _MAD_ magazine.

## Other websites

- Bio from amiens.com
- Cartoonist defends stereotyped image on new Mexican stamps
M. H. Abrams

**Meyer** (**Mike**) **Howard Abrams** (July 23, 1912 – April 21, 2015), usually cited as **M. H. Abrams**, was an American literary critic. He was known for works on Romanticism, in particular his book _The Mirror and the Lamp_.

Abrams died in Ithaca, New York, aged 102.

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Meyer Howard Abrams
- **birth place**: Long Branch, New Jersey, Long Branch, New Jersey
- **death place**: Ithaca, New York
- **nationality**: American
- **other names**: Mike Abrams
- **known for**: _The Norton Anthology of English Literature_, _The Mirror and the Lamp_
- **occupation**: Literary critic
Long Branch, New Jersey

**Long Branch** is a city in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city's population was 31,667.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Long Branch, New Jersey
- **settlement type**: City
- **nicknames**: The First Seaside Resort, Friendly City
- **motto**: Tide In
- **image skyline**: Church presidents detail.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250x200px
- **image caption**: Church of the Presidents
- **image map**: Monmouth_County_New_Jersey_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Long_Branch_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Long Branch in Monmouth County, New Jersey, Monmouth County highlighted in red (left). Inset map: Location of Monmouth County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (right).
- **image map1**: Census_Bureau_map_of_Long_Branch,_New_Jersey.png
- **mapsize1**: 250x200px
- **map caption1**: Census Bureau map of Long Branch, New Jersey

<mapframe text="Interactive map of Long Branch, New Jersey" zoom="8" width="250" height="250">
{
  "type": "ExternalData",
  "service": "geoshape",
  "ids": "Q995231"
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</mapframe>
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New Jersey, County
- **subdivision name2**: Monmouth County, New Jersey, Monmouth
- **government type**: Mayor–Council (Faulkner Act)
- **governing body**: City Council
- **leader title**: Mayor of Long Branch, New Jersey, Mayor
- **leader title2**: City manager, Administrator
- **leader title3**: Municipal clerk
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: April 11, 1867 (as _Long Branch Commission_)
- **established title2**: Reincorporated
- **established date2**: April 8, 1903 (as city)
- **named for**: location on the "long branch" of the Shrewsbury River
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 16.28
- **area land km2**: 13.27
- **area water km2**: 3.01
- **area total sq mi**: 6.29
- **area land sq mi**: 5.12
- **area water sq mi**: 1.16
- **area water percent**: 18.49
- **area rank**: 250th of 565 in state
17th of 53 in county
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 31667
- **population rank**: 74th of 565 in state
6th of 53 in county
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: 6180.1
- **population density rank**: 86th of 565 in state
9th of 53 in county
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −05:00
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, Eastern (EDT)
- **utc offset dst**: −04:00
- **elevation ft**: 23
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 07740
- **area code**: Area codes 732 and 848, 732/848
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 3402541310
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0885285
Aziz Asli

**Aziz Aslimanesh** (‎; 9 April 1938 – 23 April 2015), better known as **Aziz Asli**, was an Iranian football goalkeeper, manager, painter, and actor. He played for teams such as Persepolis F.C. and his country from the late 1940s until the early 1970s. He managed Zob Ahan Isfahan F.C. for a short time. He also acted in movies before the Islamic Revolution.

Asli was born in Tabriz. He was of Azerbaijani ancestry. He died on 23 April 2015 in Munich, Germany, aged 77.

## Other websites

- Team Melli stats

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Aziz Asli
- **image**: Aziz Asli 2.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **fullname**: Aziz Aslimanesh
- **birth place**: Tabriz, Iran
- **death place**: Munich, Germany
- **position**: Goalkeeper (football), Goalkeeper
- **years1**: 1960-?
- **clubs1**: Daraei F.C., Daraei
- **clubs2**: Shahin F.C., Shahin
- **years3**: 1968–1971
- **clubs3**: Persepolis F.C., Persepolis
- **nationalyears1**: 1962–1968
- **nationalteam1**: Iran national football team, Iran
- **nationalcaps1**: 24
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Desert locust

The **desert locust** (_Schistocerca gregaria_) is a species of locust. Plagues of desert locusts threaten agricultural production in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. They have done so for centuries. The livelihood of one-tenth of the world’s human population may be affected by this voracious insect. The destructive swarms of locusts do not form every year, but only when conditions are right for them.

The desert locust is potentially the most dangerous of the locust pests because of the ability of swarms to fly rapidly across great distances. It has two to five generations per year. The last major desert locust upsurge in 2004–05 caused crop loss in West Africa and reduced food supply in the area. The desert locust alone is not responsible for famines, but it is a contributing factor.

## Development

The insect does not have complete metamorphosis. Its larvae develop in stages called "instars". As the larvae get closer to adulthood, they are called "nymphs" or "hoppers". There are two kinds of hopper: solitary and gregarious.

In the solitary phase the hoppers do not group together but move about independently. Their colouring in the later instars tends to be greenish or brownish to match the colour of the herbage.

In the gregarious phase the hoppers bunch together and in the later instars develop a bold colouring with black markings on a yellow background. The immatures are pink and the mature adults are bright yellow and fly during the day in dense swarms.

The change from a solitary insect to a voracious locust pack usually follows a period of drought, when rain falls at last, and vegetation flushes in desert locust breeding places. The population builds up rapidly and the competition for food increases.

As hoppers get more crowded, the close physical contact causes the insects' hind legs to bump against one another. This stimulus triggers a cascade of metabolic changes which move the insects from the solitary to the gregarious phase. When the hoppers become gregarious, their colouration changes from largely green to yellow and black, and the adults change from brown to pink (immature) or yellow (mature). Their bodies become shorter, and they give off a pheromone that causes them to be attracted to each other. This causes swarm formation.
Pierre Claude Nolin

**Pierre Claude Nolin** (October 30, 1950 – April 23, 2015) was a Canadian politician. He was the Speaker of the Senate from November 27, 2014 until his death. He was also Senator for De Salaberry, Quebec from June 18, 1993. He was a member of Conservative Party of Canada.

Nolin was born in Montreal, Quebec. He studied at the University of Ottawa. He married Camille Desjardins in 1976. They had three children.

Nolin died from cancer on April 23, 2015 in Ottawa, Ontario. He was 64.
Razan Zeitouneh

**Razan Zaitouneh** or **Zeitunah** () is a Syrian human rights lawyer and activist. She was born 29 April 1977. In March 2013, Zeitouneh received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. State Department.  In December 2013, Zeitouneh disappeared in Syria.

## Early life

Zaitouneh was part of the Syrian uprising.  She documented human rights in Syria for the Local Coordination Committees of Syria.  After the government accused her of being a foreign agent she went into hiding and her husband was arrested.

## Education and career

Zaitouneh finished law school in 1999.  In 2001 started her work as lawyer, and she became a member of the team of lawyers for defense of political prisoners. In the same year, she was one of the founders of the Human Rights Association in Syria (HRAS). In 2005, Zaitouneh started SHRIL (the Syrian Human Rights Information Link), to report about human rights problems in Syria. In 2005, Zaitouneh became a member of the Committee to Support Families of Political Prisoners in Syria.

## Recognitions

On 27 October 2011, Zaitouneh received the 2011 Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, together with four other Arabs.  In 2011, she also received the Anna Politkovskaya Award. In 2013, Zaitouneh received the International Women of Courage Award.

In December 2013, pro-opposition websites said that Zaitouneh was kidnapped along with her husband, Wael Hamadeh, and two colleagues, Samira Khalil and Nazem Hammadi, in the opposition-held town of Douma to the north of Damascus. As of 4 February 2014, their location was still unknown.  The identity of the kidnappers was not certain, although they were suspected to be from the Islamist rebel group the Army of Islam.

## Awards

- European Parliament’s Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, 2011.
- The 2011 Anna Politkovskaya Award.
- The Ibn Rushd Prize for Freedom of Thought for the year 2012 in Berlin.
- International Women of Courage Award 2013

## Other websites

- Profile at Huffington Post
- 2013 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Razan Zaitouneh
- **image**: Secretary Kerry, First Lady Michelle Obama, Under Secretary Sherman, Mrs. Heinz Kerry pose with the 2013 International Women of Courage Award Winners.jpg
- **caption**: Razan Zeitouneh received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State in 2013.
- **native name**: رزان زيتونة
Gideon Eilat

**Gideon (Gidi) Eilat** (17 January 1924 - 21 April 2015) was a German-born Israeli military person. He was a former member of the Palmach. He was the commander of the third battalion of the Yiftach Brigade during the War of Independence. His highest rank was that of lieutenant colonel (_sgan aluf_).

He was active in the Kibbutz Artzi movement. Eilat was one of the founders of the Civil Guard of the Israel Police Department. He was also a member of Kibbutz Beit Alfa.

Eilat was born in Königsberg, Germany (now Kaliningrad, Russia). He was raised in Tel Aviv, Israel. Eilat died at a hospital in Beit Alfa, Israel at the age of 91.
Alpine, Texas

**Alpine** is a city in the state of Texas in the United States. It is the county seat of Brewster County. About 6,035 people lived there in 2020.

Alpine was first named Osborn for the part of the railroad that it was near.  From 1883 to 1888, Alpine was named Murphyville, for the owners of the land where the spring was that the railroad used to get water for its steam locomotives.

Sul Ross State University opened in Alpine in Summer of 1920.  Big Bend National Park was started near Alpine on June 12, 1944.  Both of these things forced people to move to Alpine.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Alpine, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: The Heart of Big Bend
- **image skyline**: Alpine, Texas from atop Hancock Hill.JPG
- **image caption**: Alpine from atop Hancock Hill to the southwest.
- **image map**: Brewster County Alpine.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in the state of Texas
- **pushpin map**: Texas#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Brewster County, Texas, Brewster
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **area total km2**: 12.44
- **area land km2**: 12.43
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 4.80
- **area land sq mi**: 4.80
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 4462
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 6035
- **population density km2**: 481.09
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 79830-79832
- **area code**: Area code 432, 432
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-02104
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2409685
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population density sq mi**: 1245.99
Francis Tsai

**Francis Tsai** (April 14, 1967 – April 23, 2015) was an American comic book artist, illustrator, author and conceptual artist. He was of Taiwanese and Japanese ancestry. Tsai also contributed covers and interior art for Marvel Comics.

Tsai was from Honolulu, Hawaii.

Tsai provided interior artwork for a number of _Dungeons & Dragons_ manuals for Wizards of the Coast, including _Sharn: City of Towers_, _Monster Manual III_, _d20 Future_, _Races of Eberron_, _Lost Empires of Faerûn_, _Explorer's Handbook_, _Tome of Magic: Pact, Shadow, and Truename Magic_, _Power of Faerûn_, and _d20 Future Tech_.

He also worked on movies such as _Sucker Punch_ and _TMNT - Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles_.

In 2010, at the age of 42, Tsai was diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease. He died April 23, 2015.

## Other websites

- Francis Tsai official website

## Infobox (artist)

- **image**: FrancisTsai.jpg
- **nationality**: American
- **known for**: comic book artist, illustrator, conceptual artist, author
Robert P. Casey

**Robert Patrick "Bob" Casey, Sr.** (January 9, 1932 – May 30, 2000) was an American politician from Pennsylvania. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 42nd Governor of Pennsylvania from 1987 to 1995. He previously served as a state senator (1963–68) and Auditor General of Pennsylvania (1969–77).

Casey died at the age of 68 from a rare disease called amyloidosis in Scranton, Pennsylvania.
Richard Corliss

**Richard Nelson Corliss** (March 6, 1944 – April 23, 2015) was an American movie critic. He was one of several editors of _Time_ magazine who focused on movies, with occasional articles on other subjects. He created the widely used term "Drop Dead Gorgeous" in 1985 when describing Michelle Pfeiffer's performance in the movie, _Into the Night_.

Corliss died in New York City, New York from a stroke, aged 71.

## Other websites

- Biography  - from _Time_ magazine
- Biography - from _Allmovie_
- Corliss's Top Ten Picks  - a yearly breakdown of Corliss's favorite movies.
- Top 100 Movies Ever  - Corliss and fellow _Time_ critic Richard Schickel's list of the greatest movies ever made

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Richard Corliss
- **occupation**: Editor, critic
- **birth name**: Richard Nelson Corliss
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, New York, U.S.
- **years active**: 1966-2015
Władysław Bartoszewski

**Władysław Bartoszewski**  (February 19, 1922 in Warsaw – April 24, 2015 in Warsaw) was a Polish politician, social activist, journalist, writer, historian, former Auschwitz concentration camp prisoner, World War II Resistance fighter, Polish underground activist, participant of the Warsaw Uprising, twice the Minister of Foreign Affairs, chevalier of the Order of the White Eagle, and an honorary citizen of Israel and a member of the International Honorary Council of the European Academy of Diplomacy.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Władysław Bartoszewski
- **image**: Władysław Bartoszewski 2012.JPG
- **birth place**: Warsaw, Second Polish Republic, Poland
- **death place**: Warsaw, Poland
- **office**: Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland
<small>3rd Third Polish Republic, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Third Republic of Poland</small>
- **president**: Lech Wałęsa
- **primeminister**: Józef Oleksy
- **term start**: March 7, 1995
- **term end**: December 22, 1995
- **predecessor**: Andrzej Olechowski
- **successor**: Dariusz Rosati
- **office2**: Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland
<small>6th Third Polish Republic, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Third Republic of Poland</small>
- **president2**: Aleksander Kwaśniewski
- **primeminister2**: Jerzy Buzek
- **term start2**: June 30, 2000
- **term end2**: October 19, 2001
- **predecessor2**: Bronisław Geremek
- **successor2**: Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz
- **office3**: List of current ambassadors from Poland, Ambassador of The Republic of Poland to Austria
- **term start3**: September 20, 1990
- **term end3**: September 1, 1995
- **predecessor3**: Stanisław Bejger
- **successor3**: Jan Barcz
- **office4**: Polish Senate, Member of Senate
- **term start4**: October 20, 1997
- **term end4**: October 18, 2001
- **occupation**: Academician, journalist, politician, resistance member, social activist, writer
- **spouse**: Zofia Bartoszewska
- **children**: Władysław Teofil Bartoszewski
Peter Howell (actor)

**Peter Howell** (1919 – 20 April 2015) was an English actor. He was known for his appearances on _Emergency – Ward 10_, _The Avengers_, _The Prisoner_, _Doctor Who_, _The Lord of the Rings_, and _Yes Minister_.

Howell was born in London. He died after a short illness on 20 April 2015 in Northwood, aged 95/96.
Rex Robinson (actor)

**Rex Robinson** (1926 – April 2015) was a British actor. He was best known for appearing in three _Doctor Who_ serials in the 1970s, all directed by Australian Lennie Mayne. He also appeared in television series such as _Z-Cars_, _The Onedin Line_, Within These Walls, _Terry and June_, The Professionals, _Only Fools and Horses_, and Yes Minister. He also appeared in the movie _Superman IV: The Quest for Peace_ (1987).

Robinson was born in Derby, Derbyshire. He was married to actress Patricia Prior until his death. He died in April 2015, aged 89.
Lennie Mayne

**Leonard Edward** "**Lennie**" **Mayne** (8 November 1927 – 20 May 1977) was an Australian television director. He was best known for directing four _Doctor Who_ serials, _The Curse of Peladon_ (1972), _The Three Doctors_ (1972), _The Monster of Peladon_ (1974) and _The Hand of Fear_ (1976). He also worked on television series such as Dr. Finlay's Casebook, _Warship_ and _The Onedin Line_. He was married to actress Frances Pidgeon, with whom he had twin daughters.

Mayne died by drowning in a sailing accident on the English Channel in May 1977.

His life is documented in the film, Looking For Lennie, which is featured on the Bluray release of the Doctor Who story, The Three Doctors.
Call of Duty: Black Ops III

***Call of Duty: Black Ops III*** is a first-person shooter video game. The _Call of Duty_ game was developed by Treyarch and by Activision. The game was announced on April 9, 2015, and was fully revealed on April 26, 2015. It was released on November 6, 2015 on Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360.
Titan arum

The **titan arum**, _Amorphophallus titanum_, is a flowering plant with the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world.

The titan arum's inflorescence is not as large as that of the talipot palm, _Corypha umbraculifera_, but the inflorescence of the talipot palm is branched rather than unbranched.

Due to its odor, which is like the smell of a decomposing animal, the titan arum is called a 'carrion flower', or 'corpse flower', or 'corpse plant'.  For the same reason, the name 'corpse flower' is also used for the genus _Rafflesia_ which, like the titan arum, grows in the rainforests of Sumatra. The function of the smell is to attract insect pollinators.

Both male and female flowers grow in the same inflorescence. The female flowers open first, and only lasts (or is "receptive") about 12 to 24 hours. Then a day or two following, the male flowers open. This usually prevents the flower from self-pollinating.

The popular name "titan arum" was invented by the broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough for his BBC series _The Private Life of Plants_, in which the flowering and pollination of the plant were filmed for the first time. Attenborough felt that calling the plant _Amorphophallus_ on a popular TV documentary would be inappropriate.

The record size is 3.1 m (10 ft 2.25 in) tall.
Talipot palm

***Corypha umbraculifera***, the **talipot palm**, is a species of palm native to eastern and southern India and Sri Lanka. It is also in Cambodia, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand and the Andaman Islands.

It is one of the largest palms in the world. Individuals have reached up to 25 m (82 ft) with stems up to 1.3 m (4.25 ft) in diameter. It is a fan palm (Arecaceae tribe Corypheae), with large leaves up to 5 m (16 ft) in diameter, with a leaf stem up to 4 m (13 ft), and up to 130 leaflets.

The talipot palm bears the largest inflorescence of any plant, 6-8 m (20-26 ft) long, consisting of one to several million small flowers borne on a branched stalk at the top of the trunk. The talipot palm flowers only once, when it is 30 to 80 years old. It takes about a year for the fruit to mature, producing thousands of round, yellow-green fruit 3-4 cm (1.2-1.6 in) in diameter, each containing a single seed. The plant dies after fruiting.
Stand by Me Doraemon

***Stand by Me Doraemon*** is a 2014 Japanese 3D animated movie, based on the popular manga and anime series Doraemon. It was released in Japan on August 8th, 2014.

it is the first CGI installment in the Doraemon franchise.

## Cast

|Character|Japanese|
| --- | --- |
|Doraemon|Wasabi Mizuta|
|Nobita Nobi|Megumi Ohara|
|Nobita (adult)|Satoshi Tsumabuki|
|Shizuka|Yumi Kakazu|
|Gian|Subaru Kimura|
|Suneo|Seki Tomokazu|
|Nobita's mother|Kotono Mitsuishi|
|Nobita's father|Yasunori Matsumoto|
|Gian's mother|Miyako Takeuchi|
|Sewashi|Sachi Matsumoto|
|Jaiko|Vanilla Yamazaki|
|Dekisugi|Shihoko Hagino|
|Teacher|Wataru Takagi|
|Shizuka's father|Arunoe Tahara|

## Music

- Himawari no Yakusoku (ひまわりの約束) by Motohiro Hata

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Stand by Me Doraemon
- **director**: Takashi Yamazaki
Ryuichi Yagi
- **writer**: Takashi Yamazaki
- **music**: Naoki Sato
- **studio**: Shirogumi
Robot Communications
Shin-Ei Animation
- **distributor**: Toho
- **released**: August 8th, 2014
- **runtime**: 95 minutes
- **country**: Japan
- **language**: Japanese
- **budget**: $35 million
- **gross**: ¥ 8,38 billion
P-type semiconductor

A **p-type semiconductor** is one of two main types of semiconductors, the other being an n-type semiconductor.  The p and n stand for positively-doped and negatively-doped, respectively. When a trivalent impurity (like boron, aluminum etc.) is added to an intrinsic or pure semiconductor (silicon or germanium), it is said to be a p-type semiconductor. Trivalent impurities such as boron (B), gallium (Ga), indium (In), aluminum (Al) etc. are called acceptor impurities. Ordinary semiconductors are made of materials that do not conduct (or carry) an electric current very well but are not highly resistant to doing so either. Metalloids, such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), and a few other elements are commonly used for the main body of semiconductors. Their bulk conductivity falls halfway between that of conductors and insulators and so are called semiconductors. For an electric current to flow, charge carriers have to move through a material. A p-type semiconductor has free holes in its crystal lattice which can move in response to an applied electric field, causing current to flow.

Semiconductors are usually made from a material called silicon. Silicon is a chemical element that has four electrons in its outer layer. To make a type of semiconductor called "p-type," scientists add a small amount of another material, like boron or aluminum. These materials have only three electrons in their outer layer. When they replace some of the silicon atoms, they leave an empty space, or "hole," where a fourth electron would normally be. These holes help electricity move through the semiconductor. 4o

P-type semiconductors are made by adding materials called acceptors. These can take in extra electrons. N-type semiconductors are made by adding materials called donors. Donors give extra electrons. A PN junction, like in a diode, is made by putting P-type and N-type semiconductors together. Electrons move from the N-type side to the P-type side. This movement allows electricity to flow in only one direction.

## Manufacture

P-type semiconductors are made by doping the pure semiconductor material. The amount of impurity added is very small compared to the amount of semiconductor. The exact character of the semiconductor can be changed by varying the amount of dopant that is added. In p-type semiconductors the number of holes is much higher than that of thermally generated electrons.

## Related pages

- Semiconductor
- N-type semiconductor

## Other websites

- The Doping of Semiconductors - Hyperphysics
- PN Junction Theory - Electronics Tutorials
Finger Plan

The **Finger Plan** () is an urban plan from 1947 which provides a strategy for the development of the Copenhagen metropolitan area in Denmark. According to the plan, all future development of Copenhagen would be along five 'fingers'. These grouped business areas would be near S-train commuter rail lines. The finger-line areas extend from the 'palm' which represents the dense urban area of central Copenhagen. Between the 'fingers', is land for agriculture and recreational use.

By the definition used in the Finger Plan, the metropolitan area has a population of 1,930,260 (1 October 2011). It has an area of  over 34 municipalities.

In 2007 the Finger Plan was updated to the "Finger Plan 2007". This plan is written into the laws and is legally binding over Greater Copenhagen. The Finger Plan for 2007 does share the metropolitan area like this:

- Inner metropolitan area (the palm)
- Outer metropolitan area (the fingers)
- the green areas (the space between the fingers)
- The other metropolitan area (as are for the end of the fingers)
Mullumbimby

**Mullumbimby** is a town in New South Wales, Australia. It is sometimes called _The Biggest Little Town in Australia_.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Mullumbimby
- **state**: NSW
- **image**: Burringbar Street, Mullumbimby, NSW 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Burringbar Street—Mullumbimby's main street
- **lga**: Byron Shire
- **postcode**: 2482
- **pop**: 3,596
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **stategov**: Electoral district of Ballina, Ballina
- **fedgov**: Division of Richmond, Richmond
- **dist1**: 5
- **dir1**: WSW
- **location1**: Brunswick Heads
- **dist2**: 15
- **dir2**: NW
- **location2**: Byron Bay
- **dist3**: 36
- **dir3**: NE
- **location3**: Lismore, New South Wales
- **dist4**: 130
- **dir4**: SSE
- **location4**: Brisbane
- **dist5**: 628
- **dir5**: NNE
- **location5**: Sydney
High Rock Lake

**High Rock Lake** is a reservoir lake located in Davidson and Rowan counties of North Carolina. It serves as a border between them. It is a reservoir for hydroelectric power generation. It is the northernmost of the Uwharrie Lakes. High Rock is the second largest lake in North Carolina after Lake Norman. Its water surface covers  and there are  of shoreline. High Rock Lake begins at the confluence of the Yadkin River and the South Yadkin River. The lake's name comes from nearby "High Rock Mountain", the tallest mountain in the Uwharrie Mountains. High Rock Lake is currently managed and operated by the Alcoa company.

## Infobox (lake)

- **lake name**: High Rock Lake
- **image lake**: Abbottscreek.jpg
- **caption lake**: Abbotts Creek section (Spring 2007)
- **location**: Davidson County, North Carolina, Davidson / Rowan County, North Carolina, Rowan counties, North Carolina, United States
- **type**: Reservoir
- **inflow**: Yadkin River, Abbotts Creek South Yadkin River
- **outflow**: Tuckertown Reservoir
- **basin countries**: United States
- **elevation**: at full pool
- **cities**: Southmont, North Carolina, Southmont, Lexington, NC, Lexington, Salisbury, NC, Salisbury
Pee Dee River

The **Pee Dee River**, also called the **Great Pee Dee River**, is a river in North Carolina and South Carolina. It originates in the Appalachian Mountains in North Carolina. Its upper course, above the mouth of the Uwharrie River, is known as the Yadkin River.  It has a number of dams for flood control and hydroelectric power. The lower part of the river is named Pee Dee (in colonial times written Pedee). It is named after the Native American Pee Dee people.  The Pee Dee region of South Carolina was named after either the tribe or the river. The first Europeans believed to have navigated part of the river was a party sent by Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón in 1521. They named it "River of St. John the Baptist ()."

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Pee Dee River
- **name etymology**: Pee Dee (tribe), Pee Dee tribe
- **image**: Shadfishing8418.JPG
- **image caption**: Shad fishing in February,
Pee Dee River, Yauhannah, South Carolina
- **map**: Peedeerivermap.png
- **map size**: 300
- **map caption**: Pee Dee River watershed.
- **pushpin map size**: 300
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: United States
- **subdivision type2**: State
- **subdivision name2**: North Carolina, South Carolina
- **subdivision type3**: County
- **discharge1 location**: Winyah Bay
- **discharge1 avg**: 15000 cfs
- **source1**: Confluence of Uwharrie River and Yadkin River
- **source1 location**: North Carolina
- **mouth**: Winyah Bay
- **mouth location**: South Carolina
Savannah River

The **Savannah River** is a major river in the southeastern United States. It makes up most of the border between the states of South Carolina and Georgia. The Savannah River drainage basin extends into the southeastern side of the Appalachian Mountains just inside North Carolina. It is bounded by the Eastern Continental Divide. It is formed by the confluence of the Tugaloo River and the Seneca River. Today this confluence is under Lake Hartwell, a man-made reservoir. From Lake Hartwell to the Atlantic Ocean the Savannah River is  long.

Two major cities are located along the Savannah River: Savannah, and Augusta, Georgia. They were the center of early English settlements during the Colonial period of American history. The Savannah River is tidal at Savannah. Downstream from there, the river widens into an estuary. Then it flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The area where the river's estuary meets the ocean is known as "Tybee Roads".  The Intracoastal Waterway flows through a section of the Savannah River near the city of Savannah.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Savannah River
- **name other**: Tugaloo River
- **image**: Savannah River Augusta Canal Riverwatch Pkwy 2.jpg
- **image caption**: Savannah River at Augusta, Georgia, Augusta, with the Augusta Canal running alongside
- **map**: Savannahrivermap.png
- **map size**: 300
- **map caption**: Map of the Savannah River watershed
- **pushpin map size**: 300
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: United States
- **subdivision type2**: State
- **subdivision name2**: North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **subdivision type3**: hgf
- **subdivision type5**: Cities
- **subdivision name5**: Savannah, Georgia, Savannah, Augusta, Georgia, Augusta
- **discharge1 location**: near Clyo, GA
- **source1**: Lake Hartwell
- **mouth**: Atlantic Ocean
- **mouth location**: Tybee Roads
- **tributaries left**: Seneca River (South Carolina), Seneca River
- **tributaries right**: Tugaloo River
Dan Fredinburg

**Daniel Paul Fredinburg** (September 8, 1981 – April 25, 2015) was an American engineer and Google executive. He was a product manager and head of privacy at Google X. He was born in Mission Viejo, California. From January 2013 to February 2014, he dated actress Sophia Bush.

Fredinburg died on Mount Everest in an avalanche caused by the April 2015 Nepal earthquake. He was 33.
Sid Tepper

**Sid Tepper** (June 25, 1918 – April 24, 2015) was an American songwriter. He was best known for working with Roy C. Bennett, which created several hits for Elvis Presley. Between 1945 and 1970, Tepper and Bennett published over 300 songs.

He died on April 24, 2015, at the age of 96.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sid Tepper
- **death place**: Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.
- **occupation**: Songwriter
- **yearsactive**: 1948–2015
George C. Young

**George Cressler Young** (né **Jung**; August 4, 1916 – April 24, 2015) was an American lawyer and judge. He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. Young was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Young was reassigned to the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida on October 29, 1962. He served as chief judge from 1973 to 1981 and assumed senior status on October 19, 1981.

Young died of a heart attack in Orlando, Florida, aged 98.
Sabeen Mahmud

**Sabeen Mahmud** () was a Pakistani human rights activist and social NGO worker. She was the founder and director of the Karachi-based cafe The Second Floor (T2F) and president of the Karachi branch of TiE.

On 24 April 2015, she was shot dead by unidentified gunmen in Karachi while on her way home after attending a seminar.
Rustum Ghazaleh

**Rustum Ghazaleh** () also transl. from Arabic as **Rostom Ghazale**, **Rustom Ghazalah**, **Rustom Ghazali**; 3 May 1953 – 24 April 2015) was a Syrian military and intelligence officer. On 24 July 2012, Ghazaleh was appointed chief of political security.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **office**: Commander of the Syrian National Police
- **leader**: Bashar al-Assad
- **term start**: 2005
- **term end**: 24 April 2015
- **office1**: Head of the Syrian National Intelligence Agency
- **president1**: Bashar al-Assad
- **primeminister1**: Muhammad Naji al-Otari
Adel Safar
Riyad Farid Hijab
Wael Nader al-Halqi
- **predecessor1**: Rafiq Shahadah
- **term start1**: 2006
- **term end1**: 24 April 2015
- **birth place**: Qarfa, Daraa Governorate, Syria
- **nationality**: Syrian
- **branch**: Syrian Arab Army
- **serviceyears**: 1973-2015
- **rank**:  Lt. General
- **unit**: 112 Mechanized Brigade
Military Intelligence
Political Security Directorate
- **commands**: Syrian Forces in Lebanon
- **battles**: 1982 Lebanon War
Syrian Civil War
- **party**: Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region, Syrian Regional Branch of the Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction), Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
Ismail Hussain

**Ismail Hussain** (1 April 1950 – 24 April 2015) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Indian Parliament representing the Barpeta (Lok Sabha constituency) for the Indian National Congress party.
Jim Fanning

**William James Fanning** (September 14, 1927 – April 25, 2015) was an American catcher, manager and front office executive in Major League Baseball. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

He was the first general manager of the Montreal Expos of the National League (appointed in August 1968), he served the Expos in a number of capacities for almost 25 years. He served as their field manager in 1981. He guided Montreal into the playoffs for the only time in the 36-year history of the franchise.

Fanning died on April 25, 2015, at his home in London, Ontario, aged 87.
Anton Vratuša

**Anton Vratuša**, born **Vratussa Antal** (21 February 1915 – 30 July 2017) was a former politician and diplomat. He was Prime Minister of Slovenia and Yugoslavia's ambassador to the United Nations. Vratuša died on 30 July 2017 at the age of 102.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Anton Vratuša.jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Slovenia
- **term start**: April 1978
- **term end**: July 1980
- **predecessor**: Andrej Marinc
- **birth name**: Vratussa Antal
- **birth place**: Dolnji Slaveči, Austro-Hungarian Empire
- **death place**: Ljubljana, Slovenia
Alfonso Oiterong

**Alfonso Rebochong Oiterong** (October 9, 1924 – August 30, 1994) was a politician from Palau. He was the country's Vice-President from 1981 to 1985. He was President from 2 July to 25 October 1985.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alfonso Oiterong
- **image**: Alfonso Oiterong.jpg
- **caption**: Taken during the 1970s or 1980s
- **office**: 2nd President of Palau
- **term start**: 2 July 1985
- **term end**: 25 October 1985
- **predecessor**: Haruo Remeliik
 Thomas Remengesau Sr. (acting)
- **successor**: Lazarus Salii
- **birth name**: Alfonso Rebochong Oiterong
- **birth place**: Palau
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
Ken Birch

**Kenneth Joseph** "**Ken**" **Birch** (31 December 1933 – 24 April 2015) was an English footballer. He played as a right-half for Everton and Southampton. Later, he led Welsh club Bangor City to victory in the Welsh Cup in 1962. He played from the 1951 until after 1963.

Birch was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. He died on 24 April 2015, aged 81.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Ken Birch
- **fullname**: Kenneth Joseph Birch
- **birth place**: Birkenhead, England
- **position**: Right-half
- **youthclubs1**: Birkenhead Boys
- **youthclubs2**: Bebington Hawks
- **youthclubs3**: Everton F.C., Everton
- **years1**: 1951–1958
- **clubs1**: Everton F.C., Everton
- **caps1**: 43
- **goals1**: 1
- **years2**: 1958–1959
- **clubs2**: Southampton F.C., Southampton
- **caps2**: 34
- **goals2**: 3
- **years3**: 1959–1960
- **clubs3**: Chelmsford City F.C., Chelmsford City
- **caps3**: 27
- **goals3**: 5
- **years4**: 1960–1962
- **clubs4**: Bangor City F.C., Bangor City
- **years5**: 1963–19??
- **clubs5**: Thanda Royal Zulu F.C., Benoni Premier United
- **manageryears1**: 1963–19??
- **managerclubs1**: Thanda Royal Zulu F.C., Benoni Premier United (player-manager)
Wang Guozhen

**Wang Guozhen** (; 22 June 1956 – 26 April 2015) was a Chinese poet and painter. He began writing in 1985, and publishing in 1990. He released at least ten poetry books between 1990 and his death, most notably _Top Modem Chinese Poem: Wang Guozhen's 80 Poems in English Verse_.

Wang was born in Beijing. His ancestral home was in Xiamen, Fujian. He graduated from Jinan University in 1982.

Wang died from liver cancer on 26 April 2015 in Beijing, aged 59.

## Related pages

- List of Chinese painters
Arrondissements of the Gironde department

There are 6 **arrondissements in the Gironde department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into _arrondissements_, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**).  The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The 6 arrondissements of Gironde are:

|INSEE code !! Arrondissement !! Capital !! Population <small>(2014)</small> !! width=70px |Area <small>(km²)</small> !! Density <small>(Inh./km²)</small> !! _Communes_|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|331|Blaye|Blaye|88,115|782.4||63|
|332|Bordeaux|Bordeaux|921,668|1,521.8||82|
|333|Langon|Langon|130,911|2,644.3||197|
|334|Lesparre-Médoc|Lesparre-Médoc|86,560|2,274.4||50|
|335|Libourne|Libourne|152,602|1,282.9||129|
|336|Arcachon|Arcachon|146,160|1,469.8||17|

## History

Since its creation, the Gironde department has had some changes:
- 1790 : creation of the Gironde department with seven districts: Bordeaux, Libourne, La Réole, Bazas, Cadillac, Blaye and Lesparre. Bordeaux was the capital of the department.
- 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Bordeaux, Bazas, Blaye, Lesparre, Libourne, La Réole.
- 1926 : the arrondissements of Lesparre and La Réole were eliminated; the subprefecture of Bazas was moved to Langon.
- 1942 : Lesparre is again an arrondissement of the department with the name of Lesparre-Médoc.
- 2006 (6 December) : creation of the arrondissement of Arcachon.
Bill Valentine

**William Terry "Bill" Valentine, Jr.** (November 21, 1932 - April 26, 2015) was an American professional baseball umpire. He worked in the American League from 1963 to 1968. Valentine was an umpire in the 1965 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. In his career, he umpired 947 Major League games.

Valentine died on April 26, 2015 in Little Rock, Arkansas, aged 82.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bill Valentine
- **image**: Bill Valentine 2007.jpg
- **caption**: Valentine in 2007
- **birth name**: William Terry Valentine, Jr.
- **birth place**: Little Rock, Arkansas
- **death place**: Little Rock, Arkansas
- **employer**: American League
- **occupation**: Umpire (baseball), Umpire
- **years active**: 1963-1968
- **height**: 5' 11''
- **spouse**: Mary Ellouise Pefferly (1951–1989; her death)
Nena Duncan (1991–2015; his death)
Tumbes

**Tumbes** is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Tumbes Region.
Piura

**Piura** is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Piura Region.