juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Hurricane Irene (2005)

**Hurricane Irene** was an Atlantic hurricane that formed in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm formed near the Cape Verde Islands on August 4. It moved across the Atlantic Ocean, and it turned northward around Bermuda. The storm lost its name as a tropical cyclone to the southeast of Newfoundland. Irene lasted for 14 days as a tropical system. That is the longest time of any storm of the 2005 season.

Irene was a hard storm to forecast. The storm almost died out on August 10, but it gained back its strength. Irene reached Category 2 hurricane strength on August 16. Because the storm stayed far away from land, no tropical cyclone warnings were declared. Also, Irene did not cause any bad damage. However, it caused strong waves along the East Coast of the United States. Because of the waves from Irene, a 16-year-old boy drowned after being caught in a rip current near Long Beach, New York. Lifeguards at one beach made over 100 rescues. The name "Irene" was used again in 2011.

## Related pages

- Atlantic hurricane
- 2005 Atlantic hurricane season

## Other websites

- National Hurricane Center report on Hurricane Irene
- Photo gallery of ocean surf from Hurricane Irene
- NASA article on Irene's rainfall

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Irene
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 2005
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Hurricane Irene Aug 15 2005.jpg
- **image name**: Hurricane Irene on August 15, 3 days before dissipating
- **formed**: August 4, 2005
- **dissipated**: August 18, 2005
- **1-min winds**: 90
- **pressure**: 970
- **damages**: None
- **fatalities**: 1
- **areas**: East Coast of the United States
- **hurricane season**: 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
Ciliate

The **ciliates** are a group of protists which have hair-like organelles called cilia.

Ciliates are identical in structure to flagella, but typically shorter and in much larger numbers. They have a different pattern of waving than do flagella.

Cilia occur in all members of the group (although the peculiar suctoria have them only for part of the life-cycle). They are used for swimming, crawling, attachment, feeding, and sensation.
Apicomplexa

The **Apicomplexa** are a large group of protists (protozoa) which are parasitic. They have developed some extraordinary adaptations which fit them in their parasitic life. They are all single-celled, they are all parasites of animals, and they all form spores.

They have a unique organelle, a plastid called an **apicoplast**, and an **apical complex** structure which gets them into a host's cell. They do not have structures such as flagella or pseudopods except in certain gamete stages. Body movement is by flexing or gliding.

The group were once called the **Sporozoa**, but this name is now discouraged.

Apicomplexans have complex life cycles, and there is much variation among different apicomplexan groups. Both asexual and sexual reproduction occur. Cell nuclei are haploid.

This is a diverse group including organisms such as coccidia, gregarines, piroplasms, haemogregarines, and malarias. Diseases caused by apicomplexan organisms include:

- Babesiosis (_Babesia_)
- Malaria (_Plasmodium_)
- Coccidian diseases including:
    - Cryptosporidiosis (_Cryptosporidium parvum_)
    - Cyclosporiasis (_Cyclospora cayetanensis_)
    - Isosporiasis (_Isospora belli_)
    - Toxoplasmosis (_Toxoplasma gondii_)

## Life cycle

Most members have a complex life-cycle, with both asexual and sexual reproduction. A host is infected by an active invasion by the parasites. The parasites divide to produce _sporozoites_ which enter its cells.  Eventually, the cells burst, releasing _merozoites_, which infect new cells.  Eventually, gametes are produced, and they fuse to create new cysts.  There are many variations on this basic pattern, however, and many Apicomplexa have more than one host.

The apical complex includes vesicles which open at the front of the cell. They secrete enzymes that allow the parasite to enter other cells. The tip is surrounded by a band of microtubules, called the _polar ring_, and among the Conoidasida there is also a funnel of tubulin proteins called the _conoid_.

The presence of alveoli and other traits place the Apicomplexa among a group called the alveolates.  Several related flagellates, such as _Perkinsus_ and _Colpodella_, have structures similar to the polar ring and were formerly included here, but most appear to be closer relatives of the dinoflagellates.  They are probably similar to the common ancestor of the two groups.

Another similarity is that many apicomplexan cells contain a single plastid, called the **apicoplast**, surrounded by either 3 or four membranes. Its functions are thought to include tasks such as lipid and haem biosynthesis. It appears to be necessary for survival. The plastids are thought to have a common origin with the chloroplasts of dinoflagellates, and evidence points to an origin from red algae rather than green.
GarageBand

**GarageBand** is music software made by Apple Inc. It allows users to make their own music and even make music with a MIDI keyboard. GarageBand includes hundreds of beats and audio loops.

The newest version, Version 10.0.2, has a new presentation of looks and with more music and sounds.

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: GarageBand
- **developer**: Apple Inc.
- **latest release version**: 5
- **latest release date**: January 2009
- **operating system**: Mac OS X
- **genre**: Music editing software
- **website**: [https://www.apple.com/mac/garageband/]
Dahir of Aror

**Raja Dahir** ( (Urdu: راجہ داہر) b. 679, d. 712) was a Sindhi Hindu ruler. He was the last Hindu ruler of Sindh and parts of Punjab in what is Pakistan. In the early part of the Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent, Muhammad bin Qasim al-Thaqafi took control of Dahir's kingdom for the Umayyad Caliphate. where Dahir died while defending his kingdom. According to the Chachnama, the Umayyad campaign against Dahir was due to a pirate raid off the coast of the Sindhi coast that resulted in gifts to the Umayyad caliph from the king of Serendib,

## Related pages

- History of Sindh
- History of Pakistan
- Twin Battles of Debal

## References

- Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg: The Chachnamah, An Ancient History of Sind, Giving the Hindu period down to the Arab Conquest. Translated by from the Persian by, Commissioners Press 1900 http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=12701030&ct=0
- Thakur Deshraj: Jat Itihas, Delhi, 1934
- R.C. Majumdar, H.C. Roychandra and Kalikinkar Ditta. : An Advanced History of India, Part II,
- Tareekh-Sind, By Mavlana Syed Abu Zafar Nadvi
Aconoidasida

The **Aconoidasida** are a class of apicomplexan parasites. The class has two orders: Haemosporinidae and Piroplasmorida.
Schelte J. Bus

|colspan="3" style="white-space: nowrap;"|Asteroids found: 1576 <span style="font-size: smaller;">(as of July 2006) Only a few unusual ones are listed here</span>||
| --- | --- | --- |
|2135 Aristaeus|April 17, 1977|Apollo asteroid|
|3122 Florence|March 2, 1981|Amor asteroid|
|3240 Laocoon|November 7, 1978|Trojan asteroid|
|colspan="3" style="font-size: smaller;"|#  with Eleanor F. Helin||

**Schelte John "Bobby" Bus** (born in 1956) is an astronomer at the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy.

Bus has found or co-found over 1,000 asteroids as well as the comet 87P/Bus. 3254 Bus was named after him by Edward L. G. Bowell when he found it in 1982.

## Other websites

- Bus' Personal Home Page
Siding Spring Observatory

**Siding Spring Observatory** is an observatory near in Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia. It is a part of the Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Australian National University.

## Other websites

- Official home page

## Infobox (observatory)

- **name**: Siding Spring Observatory
- **image**: SSO overhead image.JPG
- **image size**: 280
- **caption**: Siding Spring Mountain with Anglo-Australian Telescope dome visible near centre of image.
- **organization**: Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics at the Australian National University
- **code**: 413
- **location**: Siding Spring Mountain/Mount Woorat, near Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia
- **telescope1 name**: Anglo-Australian Telescope
- **telescope1 type**: equatorial mount
- **telescope2 name**: UK Schmidt Telescope
- **telescope2 type**: Schmidt camera
- **telescope3 name**: Faulkes Telescope South
- **telescope3 type**: Ritchey-Chrétien telescope
- **telescope4 name**: Siding Spring 2.3 m Telescope
- **telescope4 type**: Advanced Technology Telescope
- **telescope5 name**: SkyMapper
- **telescope5 type**: wide-angle optical telescope
- **telescope6 name**: HAT-South telescope
- **telescope6 type**: wide-field telescope
- **telescope7 name**: Solaris Telescope
- **telescope7 type**: Ritchey–Chrétien telescope
- **telescope8 name**: Uppsala Southern Schmidt Telescope
- **telescope8 type**: Schmidt Telescope
- **telescope9 name**: Automated Patrol Telescope
- **telescope9 type**: wide-field CCD imaging telescope
- **telescope10 name**: iTelescope.Net Observatory
- **telescope10 type**: Remote Public Telescopes
- **telescope11 name**: KMTNet
- **telescope11 type**: Korean Microlensing Telescope


## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount Woorut
- **other name**: Siding Spring Mountain
- **elevation m**: 1165
- **range**: Warrumbungles
- **parent peak**: Mount Exmouth
- **location**: Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia
- **map**: Australia New South Wales
- **relief**: 1
- **map caption**: Location in New South Wales
- **map size**: 280
- **label**: Mount Woorut
- **label position**: top
- **type**: Volcanic
David Rosenhan

**David L. Rosenhan** (1929 – February 6, 2012) was an American psychologist. He was best known for the Rosenhan experiment. This was a study which looked at how valid psychiatry diagnoses were.

Rosenhan got his Bachelor of Arts degree from Yeshiva University. At Columbia University in 1953 he earned his master's degree. Five years later, he earned a Ph.D in psychology. Rosenhan was an expert on psychology and law.

In 1973 Rosenhan published "On Being Sane in Insane Places". This was one of the most-read pieces of writing in psychology. The article talks about the Rosenhan experiment. The experiment was that eight people with no history of psychopathology would try to get into twelve psychiatric hospitals. All of these people were allowed in, and were diagnosed with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Psychiatrists then tried to cure the people using psychiatric medicines. All eight were allowed to leave within 7 to 52 days, but only when they had said that they accepted the illness they had been diagnosed with. Later in the study, a research and teaching hospital challenged Rosenhan to run a similar experiment with its own diagnoses and rules for letting people in to the hospital. Psychiatric staff were warned that at least one pseudo-patient might be sent to their hospital. At least one staff member thought that 83 out of the 193 new patients were actors. In fact, Rosenhan sent no actors. The study showed that the ways diagnosis was done was very inaccurate in telling people with mental disorders and people without mental disorders apart. The paper made a lot of controversy. Some people are not sure of how valid and credible the study was, but say that psychiatric diagnoses need to be improved.

Professor Rosenhan worked with the Stanford University Department of Psychology. Later, he became professor emeritus at Stanford University. He died on February 6, 2012, aged 82.
Leniniana

**Leniniana** is a topic for collecting postage stamps that tell about the life and story of Lenin (1870–1924) or people, places, etc. connected with him.  The topic was common in the Soviet Union.

## Related pages

- All-Russian Society of Philatelists
- First All-Union Philatelic Exhibition
- Organisation of the Commissioner for Philately and Scripophily
- Philatelic International
- Soviet Philatelic Association
- Soviet Philatelist
- Vladimir Lenin

## Further reading

- Archived from the original and another source on 2015-05-15.

## Other websites

- Lenin: USSR (Soviet Union) Postage Stamps 1924–1991
- Leniniana Collection – Ryerson University Archives Special Collections
Iranian rial

The **rial** (**IRR_) is the name of Iran's currency. It was first started in 1798. One **toman_' equals 10 rials.

The toman (تومان tumân) is no longer an official unit of Iranian currency, but Iranians usually quote money and prices of goods in tomans. For this purpose, one toman equals 10 rials.
Giant magnetoresistance

**Giant magnetoresistance (GMR)** is a very small magnetic effect found in thin layers of iron and other materials. It is used to read and write information in hard drives.

The GMR effect can be measured when a magnet is used to change the flow of electricity. The 2007 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.

## Discovery

GMR was discovered in layers iron, chrome and ferrite by Peter Grünbergs research team of the Jülich Research Centre (Germany) in 1988. Peter Grünberg owns a patent for the technology. It was also discovered by Albert Ferts research group of the University of Paris-Sud (France) in layers ferrite and chrome. The Fert group were first to see what they thought of as a _large_ effect which is why they gave the name "Giant". The Fert group were also first to explain the correct physics of GMR. The discovery was the beginning of the science spintronics. Grünberg and Fert have been given prizes and awards, including the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics, for this discovery and other spintronics work.

### Multilayer GMR

In multilayer GMR, two or more magnetic layers are separated by a very thin (about 1 nm) non-magnetic (insulating) layer. Ferrite, a form of iron, is a magnetic layer and chrome is an insulating layer. At certain thickness, the strength of magnetism between the layers becomes easy to measure and adjust. The strength of electrical current between the layers can change by up to 10%.

The GMR effect was first observed in stacks of 10 or more layers.

### Spin valve GMR

In spin valve GMR, two magnetic layers are separated by a thin (~3 nm) non-magnetic (insulating) layer. It is possible to measure and adjust the strength of magnetism between these layers.

It is hoped that research into spinning electrons will improve spin valves.

Materials used in spin valves are copper and an alloy of nickel and iron.

Spin valve GMR is the most useful sort for hard drives and is tested carefully to meet industry standards.

### Granular GMR

Granular GMR is an effect found in copper containing grains of cobalt. It is not possible to control the strength of granular GMR in the same manner as Multilayer GMR.

## Use of GMR

GMR is used in modern hard drives and magnetic sensors. Another use of the GMR effect is in magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM). GMR has begun a new science of electronics called spintronics.

## Related pages

- Hard disk
- Magnet
- Quantum mechanics

## Other websites

- Giant Magnetoresistance: The Really Big Idea Behind a Very Tiny Tool  National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Presentation of GMR-technique (IBM Research)
- Nobel prize in physics 2007 - Scientific background
- Scientific background
Keiju Karashima

**Keiju Karashima** (born 24 June 1971) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="3"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||42||3||0||0||3||0||45||3
|-
|1995||14||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|-
|1996||11||0||0||0||9||0||20||0
|-
|1997||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Mito Hollyhock||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||30||0||3||0||2||0||35||0
|-
|2001||6||0||0||0||1||0||7||0
105||3||3||0||15||0||123||3
105||3||3||0||15||0||123||3
|}
Grigoris Georgatos

**Grigoris Georgatos** (born 31 October 1972) is a former Greek football player. He has played for Greece national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="5"|Panachaiki||rowspan="3"|Alpha Ethniki||30||4
|-
|1992/93||26||3
|-
|1993/94||28||5
|-
|1994/95||Beta Ethniki||26||7
|-
|1995/96||Alpha Ethniki||10||3
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="4"|Olympiacos||rowspan="4"|Alpha Ethniki||17||2
|-
|1996/97||33||6
|-
|1997/98||30||2
|-
|1998/99||26||12

|-
|1999/00||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||28||2

|-
|2000/01||Olympiacos||Alpha Ethniki||20||5

|-
|2001/02||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||10||1

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|AEK Athens||rowspan="2"|Alpha Ethniki||23||1
|-
|2003/04||6||5
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="4"|Olympiacos||rowspan="3"|Alpha Ethniki||13||1
|-
|2004/05||25||3
|-
|2005/06||22||1
|-
|2006/07||Super League||8||0
343||61
38||3
381||64
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|1995||4||0
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||6||0
|-
|1998||5||0
|-
|1999||11||3
|-
|2000||7||0
|-
|2001||2||0
|-
!Total||35||3
|}
Angelos Charisteas

**Angelos Charisteas** (born 9 February 1980) is a Former Football (Or Soccer) player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|Aris Thessaloniki||rowspan="2"|Alpha Ethniki||9||2
|-
|1998/99||12||4
|-
|1998/99||Athinaikos||Beta Ethniki||7||1
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Aris Thessaloniki||rowspan="3"|Alpha Ethniki||19||1
|-
|2000/01||28||8
|-
|2001/02||19||4

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Werder Bremen||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||31||9
|-
|2003/04||24||4
|-
|2004/05||11||5

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Ajax||rowspan="3"|Eredivisie||13||4
|-
|2005/06||17||8
|-
|2006/07||1||0
|-
|2006/07||Feyenoord Rotterdam||Eredivisie||28||9

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Nürnberg||Bundesliga||22||6
|-
|2008/09||2. Bundesliga||14||1
|-
|2008/09||Bayer Leverkusen||Bundesliga||13||1
|-
|2009/10||Nürnberg||Bundesliga||||
94||20
95||20
59||21
248||61
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|2001||7||4
|-
|2002||6||0
|-
|2003||10||3
|-
|2004||15||6
|-
|2005||10||1
|-
|2006||7||1
|-
|2007||6||2
|-
|2008||12||6
|-
|2009||8||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||81||23
|}
Bogdan Stelea

**Bogdan Stelea** (born 5 December 1967) is a former Romanian football player. He has played for Romania national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1986/87||rowspan="6"|Dinamo Bucureşti||rowspan="6"|Divizia A||1||0
|-
|1987/88||9||0
|-
|1988/89||29||0
|-
|1989/90||22||0
|-
|1990/91||26||0
|-
|1991/92||11||0

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Mallorca||La Liga||27||0
|-
|1992/93||Segunda División||25||0

|-
|1993/94||Standard Liège||First Division||3||0

|-
|1993/94||Rapid Bucureşti||Divizia A||13||0

|-
|1994/95||Samsunspor||First League||31||0

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Steaua Bucureşti||rowspan="2"|Divizia A||25||0
|-
|1996/97||32||0

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="5"|Salamanca||rowspan="2"|La Liga||30||0
|-
|1998/99||33||0
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Segunda División||28||0
|-
|2000/01||14||0
|-
|2001/02||3||0

|-
|2001/02||Rapid Bucureşti||Divizia A||10||0

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Salamanca||rowspan="2"|Segunda División||36||0
|-
|2003/04||38||0

|-
|2004/05||Dinamo Bucureşti||Divizia A||13||0

|-
|2005/06||Akratitos||Alpha Ethniki||14||0

|-
|2005/06||Oţelul Galaţi||Divizia A||0||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Unirea Voluntari Urziceni||rowspan="2"|Liga I||9||0
|-
|2007/08||28||0
|-
|2008/09||Braşov||Liga I||23||0
251||0
234||0
3||0
31||0
14||0
533||0
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|1988||1||0
|-
|1989||1||0
|-
|1990||4||0
|-
|1991||1||0
|-
|1992||6||0
|-
|1993||1||0
|-
|1994||11||0
|-
|1995||6||0
|-
|1996||6||0
|-
|1997||7||0
|-
|1998||12||0
|-
|1999||7||0
|-
|2000||9||0
|-
|2001||8||0
|-
|2002||4||0
|-
|2003||2||0
|-
|2004||4||0
|-
|2005||1||0
|-
!Total||91||0
|}
Emmanuel Olisadebe

**Emmanuel Olisadebe** (born 22 December 1978) is a Polish football player. He has played for Poland national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Jasper United||||32||17
|-
|1997||||8||3

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="4"|Polonia Warsaw||rowspan="4"|Ekstraklasa||13||1
|-
|1998/99||16||4
|-
|1999/00||24||12
|-
|2000/01||13||3

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="6"|Panathinaikos||rowspan="6"|Alpha Ethniki||8||4
|-
|2001/02||18||9
|-
|2002/03||19||8
|-
|2003/04||9||3
|-
|2004/05||13||0
|-
|2005/06||6||0

|-
|2005/06||Portsmouth||Premier League||2||0

|-
|2006/07||Skoda Xanthi||Super League||5||0

|-
|2007/08||APOP Kinyras Peyias||First Division||17||6

|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Henan Construction||rowspan="3"|Super League||26||12
|-
|2009||18||10
|-
|2010||||
40||20
66||20
78||24
2||0
17||6
44||22
247||92
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|2000||5||2
|-
|2001||8||7
|-
|2002||8||1
|-
|2003||3||0
|-
|2004||1||0
|-
!Total||25||10
|}
Tamotsu Suzuki

is a former Japanese football player and manager. He managed for Japan women's national team.

## Biography

Suzuki was born in Saitama on April 29, 1947. After graduating from Rikkyo University, he played for Nissan Motors from 1972 to 1974.

From 1975, Suzuki became coach for Nissan Motors. He managed for Nissan Motors (1985) and Nissan FC Ladies (1987–1989).

In 1989, he became manager for Japan women's national team. He managed 3 world tournament, 1991, 1995 World Cup and 1996 Summer Olympics. In Asia, Japan won the 2nd place 4 times, AFC Women's Championship (1991, 1995) and Asian Games (1990, 1994). He resigned after 1996 Summer Olympics and Satoshi Miyauchi became a new manager.

In August 1996, he became manager for Nikko Securities Dream Ladies and won the Nadeshiko League champions for 3 years in a row to 1998. However the club was disbanded due to financial strain end of 1998 season.

In June 1999, Japan under manager Miyauchi was defeated in group stage at 1999 World Cup and failure to qualify for 2000 Summer Olympics. After 1999 World Cup, Suzuki became a manager for Japan national team again and managed Japan at 1999 AFC Women's Championship in November. Japan finished at the 4th place and he resigned end of the championship.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Tamotsu Suzuki
- **fullname**: Tamotsu Suzuki
- **birth place**: Saitama, Saitama, Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Saitama, Japan
- **youthyears1**: 1963–1965
- **youthclubs1**: Saitama Urawa High School
- **youthyears2**: 1966–1969
- **youthclubs2**: Rikkyo University
- **years1**: 1972–1974
- **clubs1**: Yokohama F. Marinos, Nissan Motors
- **manageryears1**: 1985
- **managerclubs1**: Yokohama F. Marinos, Nissan Motors
- **manageryears2**: 1987–1989
- **managerclubs2**: Nissan FC Ladies
- **manageryears3**: 1989–1996
- **managerclubs3**: Japan women's national football team, Japan Women
- **manageryears4**: 1996–1998
- **managerclubs4**: Nikko Securities Dream Ladies
- **manageryears5**: 1999
- **managerclubs5**: Japan women's national football team, Japan Women
Shinobu Ikeda

is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team. He also managed Japan women's national team.

## Biography

Ikeda was born in Shizuoka Prefecture on January 5, 1962. After graduating from Shizuoka Gakuen High School, he joined Japan Soccer League club Nissan Motors in 1980. The club won the 1983 and 1985 Emperor's Cup. From 1988 to 1990, the club won all three major titles in Japan: the Japan Soccer League, the JSL Cup, and the Emperor's Cup, for two years in a row. The club also won the 1989 Emperor's Cup. He moved to Matsushita Electric in 1990. The club won the 1990 Emperor's Cup. He retired in 1992.

On June 4, 1985, Ikeda debuted for the Japan national team against Malaysia.

After retirement, Ikeda started coaching career at Gamba Osaka (former _Matsushita Electric_) in 1992. In 1998, he became a manager for Nadeshiko League club Matsushita Electric Panasonic Bambina and managed until 1999. In 2000, he became a manager for Japan women's national team. He managed at 2001 AFC Women's Championship and Japan won the 2nd place. He managed until April 2002. He also managed Japan U-20 women's national team for 2002 U-19 Women's World Championship. After that, he managed Gunma FC Horikoshi (2003-2004) and Zweigen Kanazawa (2007-2008).

## Statistics

|-
|1980||rowspan="10"|Nissan Motors||JSL Division 1||0||0
|-
|1981||JSL Division 2||||
|-
|1982||rowspan="8"|JSL Division 1||1||0
|-
|1983||11||0
|-
|1984||16||0
|-
|1985/86||14||0
|-
|1986/87||11||0
|-
|1987/88||15||0
|-
|1988/89||1||0
|-
|1989/90||0||0
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Matsushita Electric||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||3||0
|-
|1991/92||0||0
72+||0+
72+||0+
|}

|-
|1985||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Shinobu Ikeda
- **fullname**: Shinobu Ikeda
- **birth place**: Shizuoka Prefecture, Shizuoka, Japan
- **position**: Defender (football), Defender
- **youthyears1**: 1977–1979
- **youthclubs1**: Shizuoka Gakuen High School
- **years1**: 1980–1990
- **clubs1**: Yokohama F. Marinos, Nissan Motors
- **years2**: 1990–1992
- **clubs2**: Gamba Osaka, Matsushita Electric
- **caps2**: 3
- **goals2**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 3
- **totalgoals**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1985
- **nationalteam1**: Japan national football team, Japan
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1998–1999
- **managerclubs1**: Speranza Osaka-Takatsuki, Matsushita Electric Panasonic Bambina
- **manageryears2**: 2000–2002
- **managerclubs2**: Japan women's national football team, Japan Women
- **manageryears3**: 2001–2002
- **managerclubs3**: Japan women's national under-20 football team, Japan Women U-20
- **manageryears4**: 2003–2004
- **managerclubs4**: Arte Takasaki, Gunma FC Horikoshi
- **manageryears5**: 2007–2008
- **managerclubs5**: Zweigen Kanazawa
Satoshi Miyauchi

is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team. He also managed Japan women's national team.

## Biography

Miyauchi was born in Tokyo Metropolis on November 26, 1959. After graduating from Teikyo High School, he joined Japan Soccer League club Furukawa Electric in 1978. Initially, he could not play in many games for injury. In 1982, the club won JSL Cup. From 1983, he played as regular player and the club won 1985/86 Japan Soccer League and 1986 JSL Cup. He was also selected Best Eleven in 1985–86 and 1986–87. In Asia, the club won the 1986 Asian Club Championship. This was the first Asian Club Championship won by a Japanese club. He retired in 1988. He played 114 games and scored 6 goals in the league.

In August 1979, Miyauchi was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 1979 World Youth Championship. But he did not play in the match. On September 30, 1984, he debuted for the Japan national team against South Korea. He played at 1986 World Cup qualification, 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Summer Olympics qualification. He played 20 games for Japan until 1987.

After retirement, in 1989, Miyauchi became a manager for Nadeshiko League club Prima Ham FC Kunoichi. The club won 1994 Empress's Cup, 1995 Nadeshiko League and 1997 Nadeshiko League Cup. He resigned in 1997. In 1997, he also became a manager for Japan women's national team. He managed at 1997 AFC Women's Championship and 1998 Asian Games. Japan won the 3rd place at both tournament. In 1999, he managed at 1999 World Cup. However Japan was defeated in group stage and failure to qualify for 2000 Summer Olympics. This helped to cause with economic stagnation the withdrawal of a series of teams from the Nadeshiko League. Japanese women's football was on the verge of decline. He resigned after 1999 World Cup.

## Statistics

|-
|1978||rowspan="10"|Furukawa Electric||rowspan="10"|JSL Division 1||1||0
|-
|1979||10||1
|-
|1980||3||1
|-
|1981||3||0
|-
|1982||4||1
|-
|1983||16||2
|-
|1984||18||1
|-
|1985–86||21||0
|-
|1986–87||18||0
|-
|1987–88||20||0
114||6
114||6
|}

|-
|1984||1||0
|-
|1985||8||0
|-
|1986||6||0
|-
|1987||5||0
|-
!Total||20||0
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Satoshi Miyauchi
- **fullname**: Satoshi Miyauchi
- **birth place**: Tokyo Metropolis, Tokyo, Japan
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 1975–1977
- **youthclubs1**: Teikyo High School
- **years1**: 1978–1988
- **clubs1**: JEF United Chiba, Furukawa Electric
- **caps1**: 114
- **goals1**: 6
- **totalcaps**: 114
- **totalgoals**: 6
- **nationalyears1**: 1984–1987
- **nationalteam1**: Japan national football team, Japan
- **nationalcaps1**: 20
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1989–1997
- **managerclubs1**: Iga FC Kunoichi Mie, Prima Ham FC Kunoichi
- **manageryears2**: 1997–1999
- **managerclubs2**: Japan women's national football team, Japan Women
Takenori Hayashi

**Takenori Hayashi** (born 14 October 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for JEF United Ichihara Chiba.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1999||rowspan="6"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||17||1||1||0||1||1||19||2
|-
|2000||16||2||2||1||4||2||22||5
|-
|2001||23||4||2||1||3||0||28||5
|-
|2002||22||2||4||2||6||2||32||6
|-
|2003||23||7||3||1||2||0||28||8
|-
|2004||20||2||0||0||5||2||25||4
|-
|2005||JEF United Ichihara Chiba||J. League 1||30||4||2||1||11||4||43||9
|-
|2006||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 1||23||2||1||0||2||1||26||3
|-
|2007||Júbilo Iwata||J. League 1||13||2||1||0||4||0||16||2
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||19||1||2||1||3||1||24||3
|-
|2009||29||1||1||1||3||0||33||2
|-
|2010||JEF United Ichihara Chiba||J. League 2||||||||||||||||
235||28||19||8||44||13||296||49
235||28||19||8||44||13||296||49
|}
Bill Evans

**William John "Bill" Evans** (August 16, 1929 – September 15, 1980)  was an American jazz piano player. His career lasted 25 years.  He was known for playing close groups of chords in his left hand, while playing melodies with his right hand.  He was also known for playing in groups that featured him, a bass player, and a drummer. The groups dealt more with interaction and group-improvisation than jazz bands before them.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Bill Evans
- **img**: Bill Evans.jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: William John Evans
- **origin**: Plainfield, New Jersey, Plainfield, New Jersey, United States, U.S.
- **instrument**: Piano
- **genre**: Jazz, modal jazz, hard bop, Third stream, Cool Jazz
- **occupation**: Pianist
Composer
Arranger
- **label**: Riverside Records
Verve Records
Fantasy Records
- **associated acts**: George Russell
Miles Davis
Cannonball Adderley
Philly Joe Jones
Scott LaFaro
Paul Motian
Eddie Gomez
Marty Morell
Link reaction

The **Link reaction**, also known as **pyruvate decarboxylation** forms an important **link** between the metabolic pathways of glycolysis and the citric acid or Krebs cycle.

In eukaryotes, the reaction takes place only inside the mitochondrial matrix; in prokaryotes similar reactions take place in the cytoplasm and at the plasma membrane.

To summarize:

1. Pyruvate is decarboxylated: CO<sub>2</sub> is removed.
1. It is added to CoA to form Acetyl CoA

Acetyl CoA is then ready for use in the Krebs Cycle.

The Link reaction is important as acetyl-CoA is needed for the Krebs cycle to happen.

## Related pages

- Respiration
- Cellular respiration (overview)
- Glycolysis
- Krebs cycle (Citric acid cycle)

## Other websites

- Notes on Pyruvate decarboxylation
Rift (geology)

In geology, a **rift** is caused by tectonic plates in the Earth's lithosphere moving apart. Rifts are usually accompanied by orogeny (mountain building), volcanoes and earthquakes. Rifting often makes a rift valley, which may hold a rift lake. The Great Rift Valley in East Africa is an example.

A rift is the result of the pulling apart or extension of the crust  and lithosphere. Mantle upwelling brings hotter asthenosphere up into the colder lithosphere. Sometime it comes out as lava. This rise occurs with the thinning and stretching of the lithosphere.
Gabriela Montero

**Gabriela Montero** (born 10 May 1970) is a Venezuelan classical pianist.

## Life

Gabriela Montero was born in Caracas, Venezuela.  She first played the piano in public when she was five.  When she was eight she played with the Venezuelan Youth Orchestra conducted by José Antonio Abreu.  She was given a scholarship from the Venezuelan government to study in the USA.  When she was twelve she won the Baldwin National Competition and AMSA Young Artist International Piano Competition, performing Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No.1 with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra.

She studied at the Royal Academy of Music in London. Gabriela has won international prizes including the Bronze Medal at the 13th International Fryderyk Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1995.

Gabriela has played in recitals all over the world.  She is also a very good improviser.

Gabriela played at Barack Obama's presidential inauguration on 20 January 2009 together with the cellist Yo-Yo Ma, the violinist Itzhak Perlman, and clarinetist Anthony McGill.  Together they performed "Air and Simple Gifts," a new arrangement by John Williams based on the Shaker hymn _Simple Gifts_.

## Other websites

- Gabriela Montero official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gabriela Montero
- **image**: GMontero.jpg
- **caption**: Montero at Sala São Paulo, by Eduardo Tardin
- **birth place**: Caracas, Venezuela
Anthony McGill

**Anthony McGill** is an American clarinetist. He is the principal clarinetist for the Metropolitan Opera.

## Early life and education

McGill grew up in Chicago, Illinois. He went to the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He teaches at the Peabody Institute at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.

## Career

Together with Itzhak Perlman (violin), Yo-Yo Ma (cello), and Gabriela Montero (piano), he recorded and performed "Air and Simple Gifts" by John Williams, for Barack Obama's inauguration ceremony on January 20, 2009.

## Other websites

- Anthony McGill biography  at the Peabody Institute

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Anthony McGill
- **img capt**: Anthony McGill in 2019
- **img**: File:MUSIC - Anthony McGill, playing clarinet at Lincoln Center (39911791833).jpg
- **occupation**: Clarinetist
Kyjov

**Kyjov** is a town in the Czech Republic. About 11 548 people live there (2012). It is in the southeast of the historical region Moravia. It was first mentioned in 1126 in a chronicle.

## Sister cities

- Yvetot, France
- Hollabrunn, Austria

## Other websites

- Kyjov webpage
Thirteen-lined ground squirrel

The **Thirteen-lined ground squirrel** is a kind of Squirrel. It lives in North America from Alberta, Canada to Ohio and Texas, USA.
Newton's law of universal gravitation

**Newton's universal law of gravitation** is a physical law that describes the attraction between two objects with mass. Sir Isaac Newton talked about it in his book _Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica_. The law is part of classical mechanics.

The formula is

In this equation:
- is the total gravitational force between the two objects.
- is the gravitational constant.
- is the mass of the first object.
- is the mass of the second object.
- is the distance between the centers of the objects.

In SI units,  is measured in newtons (N),  and  in kilograms (kg),  in meters (m), and the constant  is approximately equal to .
Campagna

**Campagna** is a small town in the region of Campania in Italy.

The town, located in a mountainous district, gradually lost importance in the 20th century. All its district offices have been moved to other cities since the 1930s, and the Diocese of Campagna merged with the Archdiocese of Salerno in 1973.

During World War II, Campagna was the site of an internment camp. The Bishop Giuseppe Maria Palatucci turned the camp into a shelter for Italian and foreign Jews, many of them sent there for protection by his nephew Giovanni Palatucci; Giovanni was later honored as a Righteous Among the Nations by the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Campagna
- **image skyline**: Campagna (34436734302).jpg
- **image caption**: General view of the town
- **image shield**: Campagna (SA)-Stemma.png
- **image map**: Campagna pos SA.gif
- **map caption**: Campagna within the Province of Salerno
- **region**: Campania
- **province**: province of Salerno, Salerno (SA)
- **frazioni**: Camaldoli (Campagna), Camaldoli, Galdo (Campagna), Galdo, Mattinelle, Puglietta, Quadrivio, Romandola-Madonna del Ponte, Santa Maria La Nova (Campagna), Santa Maria La Nova, Serradarce.
- **mayor**: Biagio Luongo
- **area total km2**: 135.41
- **population total**: 16183
- **population as of**: 2009
- **population demonym**: Campagnesi
- **elevation m**: 270
- **saint**: Antoninus of Sorrento
- **day**: 14 February
- **postal code**: 84022
- **area code**: 0828
Denial-of-Service attack

A **Denial-of-Service attack** (**DoS**) is when someone arranges for a lot of computers to open a website. This stops everyone else from accessing the website as there is too much internet traffic flowing to it. People with slower internet connections, such as dial-up, are affected more by attacks.

## Types

There are different kinds of DoS attacks:
- Flood attack - This is when a system gets too much internet traffic (people trying to connect to it). The traffic uses bandwidth and the internet servers slow down and eventually stop.
- Logic and software attacks - Internet packets are sent that are supposed to use bugs in the software or system. These attacks are easier to defend against because firewall or software patches usually correct the problem.
- Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack - This type of attack uses either flood attacks or logic attacks, but it uses many different computers under the attacker's control (see Botnet). This type of attack is one of the most often used, and usually against company websites. This type of attack is often the hardest to prevent, track, and stop.

## History

In the 1990s and early 2000s, many web companies were hit by DoS attacks. For example, Microsoft was affected by DoS attacks in early 2001. Many users were unable to access the Microsoft website and many Microsoft services. On June 10, 2014, Evernote was targeted by a DDoS attack for 24 hours.
Pat Paulsen

**Patrick Layton "Pat" Paulsen** (July 6, 1927 – April 24, 1997) was an American comedian and actor. His longest-running role was as a frequent "candidate" for President of the United States.

Paulsen was born in South Bend, Washington. Paulsen had served in the United States Marines during World War II. After the war, he went to college, and worked a variety of jobs (as a salesman, an , a truck driver, and others) before starting a comedy  with his brother. After the troupe broke up, Paulsen started performing on his own. He played at many of the same  as the Smothers Brothers, before they became famous.

After the Smothers Brothers began a television variety show (_The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour_) in 1967, they invited Paulsen to join their regular cast. He wrote  for the show, and also appeared on camera in different roles. He began a series of mock editorials, that became very popular, by both poking fun at extremist opinions, and giving people reasons to think and talk about important issues (the First Amendment, gun control, drugs, and other matters). Hundreds of viewers wrote to CBS, who broadcast the _Comedy Hour_, to ask for copies of the editorials.

During 1968 (an election year in the United States), Paulsen began a pretend "campaign" for President, and used the campaign to show the humor and irony in American politics. He did many of the things a real candidate would do, making public appearances, giving speeches, granting media interviews, and making his "stand on the issues" well known. When Election Day came, people in many places around the United States really did vote for Paulsen, as a  candidate, because they were not satisfied with what the real candidates (Republican Richard M. Nixon, Democrat Hubert Humphrey, Alabama governor George Wallace, and others) promised to do as President.

After _The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour_ ended in 1969, Paulsen continued to work as a comedian and actor. Instead of just making people laugh, he often drew their attention to problems in American society, such as pollution, prejudice, and poor government. During the 1970s, he bought the Cherry County Playhouse, a theater in Traverse City, Michigan that showed .

Paulsen sometimes reunited with the Smothers Brothers, and usually staged another pretend campaign every election year. In 1992 he chose singer Tiny Tim as his , to become his Vice President. Paulsen died on April 24, 1997 from pneumonia from complications of brain and colon cancer, during medical treatment in Tijuana, Mexico, he was 69 years old. He is survived by his wife Noma Paulsen.
Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In

***Laugh-In*** was an American television series, which ran on NBC from 1968 until 1974. Its hosts were comedians Dan Rowan and Dick Martin. The show's name came from a trend of naming public events with an "-In", such as the Human Be-In of 1967.

Begun as a one-time television , the first _Laugh-In_ was so popular that it became a regular show in 1968. Hosts Rowan and Martin dressed in tuxedos, and played  to the other performers on the show. Radio host Gary Owens played the show's . Producers George Schlatter and Ed Friendly worked behind the scenes, and did not appear on camera.

_Laugh-In_ featured " humor", with most of its comedy based on current events. The show mocked contemporary trends and fashions, and imitated popular styles of the time. Regular features were "the Party", where performers told  about current issues in a party setting, "_Laugh-In_ Looks at the News", a mock news broadcast, and the "Joke Wall", where the cast ran from door to door in a specially-built wall, and told old jokes. The show also used , including "Sock it to me!", "You bet your bippy!" and "Look that up in your !"

The show featured a large cast of performers, including many who were new to television. These included Goldie Hawn, Arte Johnson, Lily Tomlin, Henry Gibson, Ruth Buzzi, Dave Madden, Joanne Worley, Alan Sues, Chelsea Brown, Judy Carne and others. Several of the performers went on to longtime comedy and acting careers. British actor Jeremy Lloyd and _Hogan's Heroes_ cast members Richard Dawson and Larry Hovis also appeared on the show for a time.

Guests on _Laugh-In_ included Tiny Tim, The Monkees, Ringo Starr, and other famous singers and actors. Some were veterans of , while others were newly famous, or became famous partly through appearing on the show. Dewey "Pigmeat" Markham, an African-American comedian not known to white audiences, was first imitated on the show by Sammy Davis, Jr., then appeared himself, becoming a surprise hit with the same Judge routine he had played for years on the "chitlin' circuit". ("Here come the Judge!" became another show catchphrase.) Richard M. Nixon appeared in a short segment on the show, when he was campaigning for President of the United States, and some people believed this helped him get elected.

The series became less popular as time went on, and ended in 1974, with the show's producers explaining that they had "run out of things to parody" (make fun of). A reunion special in 1979 led to a short revival of the show as a "summer replacement" series, featuring guests like Robin Williams.
Very High Bitrate Digital Subscriber Line

**VDSL** or **VHDSL** (Very High Bitrate DSL) is a DSL technology providing faster data movement.  This works over a single flat untwisted or twisted pair of copper wires.  These fast speeds mean that VDSL can move data for digital television, as well as telephone services (Voice over IP) and Internet.  It can do all these things on a single connection, using existing wiring used for POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service).

## Related pages

- List of device bandwidths
- Gigabit DSL.

## Other websites

- ITU-T Recommendation G.993.1: Very high speed digital subscriber line transceivers
- UK Broadband Usergroup
- ThinkBroadband
- The UNH-IOL DSL Knowledgebase (advanced tutorials)
- Motorola Broadband
- EFTel VDSL
- Vdsl Technology and company news
- VDSL2 chip vendor Metanoia communications Inc. Taiwan
Red algae

**Red algae** are members of the phylum **Rhodophyta**. This is a large group of aquatic algae with about 6000 species. They have reddish phycobilin pigments—phycoerythrin and phycocyanin.

The red algae are a distinct group. They have eukaryotic cells without flagella and centrioles. Their chloroplasts  lack external endoplasmic reticulum. These chloroplasts have unstacked (stroma) thylakoids.

Phycobiliproteins are accessory pigments, which give them their red color. What these pigments do is the same as what chlorophyll does: absorb sunlight as energy, which is then used to fuel the building of organic compounds.

Red algae store sugars as a type of starch  outside their plastids.

Most red algae are multicellular, macroscopic, marine, and reproduce sexually. The usual red algal life history is an alternation of generations with three generations rather than two.

Chloroplasts evolved following an endosymbiotic event between an ancestral, photosynthetic cyanobacterium and an early eukarytoic phagotroph.

Most species grow near tropical and subtropical shores below the low-tide mark. A few are found in fresh water. Red algae is used to make the food _Nori_.
Gilan province

**Casp also known as Dylman/Gilan/Caspe/Caspiane** is the home of the oldest people in history, the Gilaks, & is a province made up of 73%Gilaki speaking, 22%Talyshi speaking, & 5%Tati speaking mother tongues while being by far the most important province of Iran. Gilan has a population of 3,404,523 and the population density is 172 people per square kilometer. There are many cities in Guilan, including Rasht (at its center), Lajun, Anzali, and Siahkal. The Caspian Sea borders the North of Gilan & is named after Gilan, aka the ancient region of Casp/Caspia.

## Foods

- Rice
- Orange
- Roe

## Castles

- Bandebon Castle
- Rudkhan Castle

## Infobox (province)

- **name**: Gilan Province
- **native name**: کاٚٓسپی گیلاٚٓنٚ اوٚستان/پاگه
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **image map**: Locator map Iran Gilan Province.png
- **map alt**: Map of Iran with Gilan highlighted
- **map caption**: Location of Gilan within Iran
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **parts type**: Counties of Iran, Counties
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: 17
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Rasht
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 14042
- **population total**: 2404861
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Iran, Main language(s)
- **blank info sec1**: Gileki language, Gilaki
 Talysh language, Talysh
 Tati language (Iran), Tati
- **timezone1**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1**: +03:30
- **timezone1 dst**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +04:30