juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Leptodactylus latinasus

The **oven frog** (_Leptodactylus latinasus_) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina.

## Home

These frogs live in Chaco, Pampa, and Atlantic Forest places. It can live in many different kinds of places. This frog lives on the ground in grassy places near water. It is good at living in places that human beings have changed. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 600 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw the frog in many protected places: Reserva Natural Formosa, Chaco National Park, Mburucuyá National Park, El Rey National Park, Parque Nacional Calilegua, Paisaje Protegido Quebrada de los Cuervos, Paisaje Protegido Valle del Lunarejo, Cerro Verde Área de manejo de hábitats y/o especies, Humedales del Santa Lucia Área Protegida con Recursos Manejados, Laureles-Canias Managed Protected Area Resource, Sierra de San Javier Parque Universitario, Horco Molle Reserva Universitaria, Aguas Chiquitas Reserva Natural, Rio Los Sosa Reserva Natural, Iberá Reserva Natural Provincial, Bahía de Samborombón Reserva Natural Integral, El Gato y Lomas Limpias Reserva de Uso Multiple, El Bagual Private Reserve, Kaa-iya del Gran Chaco, and Área de Proteção Ambiental Do Banhado Grande. Scientists think it could also live in APA do Ibirapuita, ESEC do Taim, PARES Itapeva, PARES Turvo, REBIO Lami Jose Lutzenberger, and REBIO Sao Donato.

## Young

This frog lays eggs underground. When it rains, the rain helps tadpoles go to water.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, human beings change the places where the frog lives to make farms. The chemicals humans use on those farms can also hurt the frogs.
August Macke

**August Macke** (3 January 1887 – 26 September 1914) was a German painter. He was one of the leading members of the expressionist art group _Der Blaue Reiter_ (The Blue Rider). He was influenced in his work by other styles of the time, like cubism and orphism He was killed in action at the beginning of the First World War.
Chichibu Province

**Chichibu Province** is an old province of Japan that was founded in the 7th century AD and dissolved in the 19th century which is a current part of Saitama Prefecture.
Aleksander Jan Wróblewski

**Aleksander Wróblewski** (born March 26, 1915 in Łódź, died March 25, 1942 shot down over the English Channel ) - lieutenant pilot of the Polish Air Force in Great Britain .

## Biography

Son of Aleksander and Marta. Student of the Warsaw University of Technology, member of the Łódź Aeroclub, graduate of the Air Force Reserve Officer Cadet School. He was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant on January 1, 1937.

Mobilized in August 1939, he was assigned to the 131st Fighter Squadron as a pilot. On September 6, he joined the 111th  .

In the winter of 1939/40 he was a Tatra courier on the Warsaw–Zakopane–Budapest route. In May 1940, he escaped from Hungary to France and then to Great Britain. In February 1941, he underwent fighter training at 57 OTU in Hawarden . On 21 April 1941, he became a pilot of 303 Squadron.

Second Lieutenant Wróblewski, pursuing bombers, flew to Łódź, where he had to make a landing due to engine failure. After emergency repairs, he decided not to return to Kobylepol, but to fly to base in Lublin.

## Bibliography

- Olgierd Cumft, Hubert K. Kujawa: Book of Polish Airmen – Fallen, Dead and Missing 1939-1946. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo MON, 1989, p. 545. ISBN <span class="isbn">83-11-07329-5</span> .
- In Honor of Fallen Airmen 1939–1945, ed. Józef Zieliński. Warsaw: ALTAIR Aviation Agency, 2005, p. 206. ISBN <span class="isbn">83-86217-50-2</span> .
- Krzysztof Cieślak, Wojciech Gawrych, Andrzej Glass: Fighter Aircraft of September 1939. Warsaw: NOT-Sigma Publishing House, 1987, p. 64. ISBN <span class="isbn">83-85001-11-5</span> .
- Alfons Filar : Tales of Tatra couriers. Warsaw, KiW, 1969, pp. 119-135.
- List of Tatra couriers
- THE 303 POLISH FIGHTER SQUADRON PILOTS' LIST
- A Polish pilot who believed in the peaceful intentions of the Soviets in September 1939!
- niebieskaeskadra.pl
The Only Thing That Looks Good on Me Is You

"**The Only Thing That Looks Good on Me Is You**" is a 1996 song by Bryan Adams and is the leading single to his seventh studio album _18 til I Die_. It went to number 6 in the United Kingdom and Scotland, number 52 in the United States, number 26 in Ireland, number 37 in New Zealand, number 1 in Canada and number 19 in Australia. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1997.

## Track listings

- **Canadian, US, Australian, and Japanese CD single**
1. "The Only Thing That Looks Good on Me Is You" (single version) – 3:24
1. "Hey Elvis" – 3:23
1. "I Want It All" – 4:46
1. "The Only Thing That Looks Good on Me Is You" – 3:40

- **US 7-inch and cassette single; Japanese mini-CD single**
1. "The Only Thing That Looks Good on Me Is You" (single version) – 3:24
1. "Hey Elvis" – 3:23

- **UK CD single**
1. "The Only Thing That Looks Good on Me Is You" (single version)
1. "Summer of '69"
1. "Cuts Like a Knife"
1. "Thought I'd Died and Gone to Heaven"

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: The Only Thing That Looks Good on Me Is You
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Bryan Adams
- **album**: 18 til I Die
- **b-side**: * "Hey Elvis"
* "I Want It All"
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **length**: * 3:37 (album version)
* 3:24 (single version)
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M
- **writer**: * Bryan Adams
* Robert John "Mutt" Lange
- **producer**: * Bryan Adams
* Robert John "Mutt" Lange
- **prev title**: Rock Steady (Bonnie Raitt and Bryan Adams song), Rock Steady
- **prev year**: 1995
- **next title**: Let's Make a Night to Remember
- **next year**: 1996
Nando González

**Fernando González Valenciaga** (1 February 1921 – 3 January 1988), commonly known as **Nando**, was a Spanish footballer and manager. As a footbller, he mainly played as a midfielder for Athletic Bilbao. He was also capped eight times for Spain, and played for them at the 1950 FIFA World Cup.

## Honours

- Athletic Bilbao
- La Liga: 1942–43
- Copa del Generalísimo: 1943, 1944, 1944–45, 1949–50

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Nando
- **image**: Nando Athletic Club 1945.png
- **caption**: Nando with Athletic Bilbao in 1945
- **full name**: Fernando González Valenciaga
- **birth place**: Getxo, Spain
- **death place**: Bilbao, Spain
- **position**: Midfielder
- **years1**: 1940–1941
- **clubs1**: SD Indautxu, Indauchu
- **years2**: 1941–1952
- **clubs2**: Athletic Bilbao
- **caps2**: 214
- **goals2**: 6
- **years3**: 1952–1954
- **clubs3**: Racing de Santander, Racing Santander
- **caps3**: 38
- **goals3**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1947–1951
- **nationalteam1**: Spain national football team, Spain
- **nationalcaps1**: 8
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1952
- **managerclubs1**: Racing de Santander, Racing Santander
- **manageryears2**: 1955–1956
- **managerclubs2**: Racing de Santander, Racing Santander
- **manageryears3**: 1960–1961
- **managerclubs3**: CD Ourense, Orense
- **manageryears4**: 1961–1962
- **managerclubs4**: AD Ceuta FC, Atlético Ceuta
Laval, Quebec

**Laval** is a city in Quebec, Canada. It was built in 1636 by the French colonial empire and constituted on August 6, 1965. As of 2021 census, 443,893 people lived here.
Capture of Stalino

**Assault on Stalino** also known as **Capture of Stalino** was fought between the Italian forces and Soviet Union during the Eastern Front of World War II. The city today is known as Donetsk.

## Battle

In its rapid advance toward the Sea of Azov in October 1941, the German 1st Panzer Army pushed the Soviet Southern Front into retreat, prompting the German High Command to order an advance toward Taganrog, Rostov, and Stalino. The Italian “Celere” Division supported this movement, advancing alongside German units despite poor roads and limited transport. Its cavalry and Bersaglieri battalions carried out fast attacks, often fighting scattered Soviet rearguard forces and overcoming strong automatic-weapon resistance. Notable actions included a cavalry charge by elements of the “Savoia” Regiment and the difficult advance of the “Novara Lancers.” After several days of fighting, the Celere Division, using small mobile groups supported by horse artillery, helped break Soviet defenses and took part in the occupation of Stalino on 20 October. Italian commanders praised the division’s determination and mobility, while German commanders acknowledged its decisive and often self-initiated support during the advance.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Assault on Stalino
- **place**: Donetsk, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
- **date**: 12 October–20 October 1941
- **partof**: Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front of World War II
- **result**: Decisive Kingdom of Italy, Italian victory
- **combatant1**: ----
_Supported by:_

- **combatant2**: ----
_Supported by:_

- **commander1**: Giovanni Messe
- **commander2**: Georgy Zhukov
- **image**: File:День Победы в Донецке, 2010 036.JPG
- **caption**: Military Memorial Monument of World War II located at Stalino
- **strength1**: **3rd Bersaglieri
**2 Infantry Battalions
**1 Assault Unit
- **strength2**: **1st Infantry Division
**Other Unknown
William Boeing

**William Boeing**, also called **William E. Boeing**, was the founder of the airplane company Boeing. He was born on October 1, 1881. In 1916, he made a plane called the B&W Seaplane, which was the first airplane of the company.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: William E. Boeing
- **image**: William Boeing.jpg
- **alt**: Image of William Boeing
- **caption**: Image of William Boeing
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan
- **death place**: Puget Sound, Washington
- **occupation**: Aviator
- **known for**: Founder of Boeing
- **notable works**: Founding Boeing
Regional organization

A regional organization can be a collection of countries/territories for economic, political, geographical, cultural or any combination thereof.

Geographical proximity or adjacency is the most common foundation on top of which the other factors are built though it's not necessary. To advance the interests of the grouping, typically a regional organization is formed with members comprising the constituent countries/territories through one or more bilateral or multilateral agreements.

Some examples of regional organizations are:

- ASEAN - the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
- GCC - the Gulf Cooperation Council
- APEC - the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Kevin Mackey

**Kevin Mackey** (August 21, 1946 – November 11, 2025) was an American basketball coach. He was the head coach of men's basketball at Cleveland State University. He is also known for recruiting Manute Bol, who later played in the NBA.
Battle of Nikitovka

**Battle of Nikitovka** was fought between the Italian forces and Soviet Union during the Eastern Front of World War II.

## Battle

The fighting around Nikitovka in early November 1941 formed one of the most difficult episodes for the Italian CSIR on the Eastern Front, as the 80th Infantry Regiment, having advanced beyond Gorlovka toward Trudovaja, was suddenly attacked by strong elements of the Soviet 74th Division that were trying to exploit a forty-kilometer gap between Italian and German forces; despite being isolated, short of food, ammunition, and even water, the regiment counterattacked immediately, pushed the Soviets back, and occupied Nikitovka on November 6, but soon found itself dangerously exposed and under growing pressure on both flanks. Repeated attempts by the 79th Infantry, the “Lancieri di Novara,” and later the 3rd Bersaglieri to break the encirclement failed, while episodes of extreme hardship including the death of a Russian woman, Juliana Andr, who tried to fetch water for the exhausted soldiers showed the severity of the situation. By November 12, with resupply impossible and the wounded trapped, the XVIII and XX Bersaglieri Battalions reached the edge of Nikitovka but were pinned down by heavy fire, forcing Colonel Caretto to withdraw; only a sudden snowstorm that night allowed the 80th Infantry to slip back to Italian lines with its wounded and frostbitten, leaving behind 130 dead, 553 wounded, and 16 missing. In recognition of its sacrifice, the regiment’s flag received a Gold Medal, and commanders like General Messe and those of the “Pasubio” Division praised the extraordinary courage and cooperation shown by Bersaglieri, cavalry, and infantry units. After the battle, the CSIR reorganized and joined German forces in advancing toward the planned “Z” line, fighting further engagements around Gorlovka, Rikovo, and Chazepetovka; although the Italians tactically won the Nikitovka battle and restored contact with their main lines, the overall strategic balance of the Eastern Front still remained in Soviet favor.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Nikitovka
- **place**: Nikitovka, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- **partof**: Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front of World War II
- **result**: Decisive Kingdom of Italy, Italian victory
- **date**: 11 November –14 December 1941
- **combatant1**: ----
_Supported by:_

- **combatant2**: ----
_Supported by:_

- **commander1**: Giovanni Messe
- **commander2**: Georgy Zhukov
- **strength1**: **3rd Bersaglieri
**2 Infantry Battalions
**1 Assault Unit
- **strength2**: **1st Infantry Division
**Other Unknown
- **image**: File:Messe Mussolini.jpg
- **caption**: Mussolini in conversation with Giovanni Messe, General Messe during the Duce's visit to the CSIR units in Russia on 29 August 1941
HPV vaccine

The HPV Vaccine is a vaccine against Human papillomavirus.

The first HPV vaccine became available in 2006.

The vaccine is widely used because the virus can cause Cervical cancer in women.
Silvestre Igoa

**Silvestre Igoa Garciandia** (5 September 1920 – 31 May 1969) was a Spanish footballer. He played as a forward for Valencia CF, Real Sociedad, and Granada. He was also capped 10 times for Spain, scoring seven times and playing for them at the 1950 FIFA World Cup.

## International goals

|#|Date|Venue|Opponent|Score|Result|Competition|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1.|30 May 1948|Montjuïc, Barcelona, Spain||**1**–1|2–1|International Friendly|
|2.|**2**–1||||||
|3.|20 June 1948|Hardturm, Zürich, Switzerland||0–**2**|3–3|Friendly|
|4.|2–**3**||||||
|5.|12 June 1949|Dalymount Park, Dublin, Republic of Ireland||1–**4**|1–4|Friendly|
|6.|25 June 1950|Durival de Britto, Curitiba, Brazil||**1**–1|3–1|1950 FIFA World Cup|
|7.|13 July 1950|Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil||6–**1**|6–1|1950 FIFA World Cup|

## Honours

- Valencia CF
- La Liga: 1941–42, 1943–44, 1946–47
- Copa del Generalísimo: 1948–49
- Copa Eva Duarte: 1949

## Other websites

- National team data
- Valencia CF profile

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Silvestre Igoa
- **image**: Silvestre Igoa, Estadio, 1950-07-15 (374) (cropped).jpg
- **fullname**: Silvestre Igoa Garciandia
- **birth place**: San Sebastián, Añorga, Spain
- **death place**: San Sebastián, Spain
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **youthclubs1**: Beti Alai
- **youthclubs2**: Catarroja CF, Catarroja
- **years1**: 1941–1950
- **clubs1**: Valencia CF, Valencia
- **caps1**: 168
- **goals1**: 81
- **years2**: 1950–1956
- **clubs2**: Real Sociedad
- **caps2**: 116
- **goals2**: 60
- **years3**: 1956–1957
- **clubs3**: Granada C.F., Granada
- **caps3**: 23
- **goals3**: 12
- **totalcaps**: 307
- **totalgoals**: 153
- **nationalyears1**: 1949
- **nationalteam1**: Spain B national football team, Spain B
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 2
- **nationalyears2**: 1948–1950
- **nationalteam2**: Spain national football team, Spain
- **nationalcaps2**: 10
- **nationalgoals2**: 7
Marcelino Martínez

**Marcelino Martínez Cao** (born 29 April 1940), known simply as **Marcelino**, is a former Spanish footballer. He played as a striker for Racing Ferrol and Real Zaragoza.

He was capped 14 times for Spain, and played for them at the 1964 European Nations' Cup and the 1966 FIFA World Cup. He was also the first player from Real Zaragoza to play for the Spanish national team.

## Career statistics

- _Scores and results list Spain's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Marcelino goal._
|scope="col"|No.|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Venue|scope="col"|Opponent|scope="col"|Score|scope="col"|Result|scope="col"|Competition|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|23 November 1961|Santiago Bernabéu, Madrid, Spain||1–0|3–2|1962 FIFA World Cup qualification||||||||
|2|11 March 1964|Sánchez Pizjuán, Seville, Spain||4–1|5–1|1964 European Nations' Cup qualifying||||||||
|3|5–1|||||||||||||
|4|21 June 1964|Santiago Bernabéu, Madrid, Spain||2–1|2–1|1964 European Nations' Cup||||||||

## Honours

- Zaragoza
- Copa del Generalísimo: 1963–64, 1965–66
- Inter-Cities Fairs Cup: 1963–64

- Spain
- UEFA European Championship: 1964

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Marcelino
- **full name**: Marcelino Martínez Cao
- **birth place**: Ares, Spain
- **height**: 1.73 m
- **position**: Striker (association football), Striker
- **youthclubs1**: Numancia Ares
- **youthyears2**: 1957–1958
- **youthclubs2**: SDC Galicia Mugardos, Galicia Mugardos
- **years1**: 1958–1959
- **clubs1**: Racing de Ferrol, Racing Ferrol
- **caps1**: 30
- **goals1**: 2
- **years2**: 1959–1970
- **clubs2**: Real Zaragoza, Zaragoza
- **caps2**: 232
- **goals2**: 70
- **totalcaps**: 262
- **totalgoals**: 72
- **nationalyears1**: 1961
- **nationalteam1**: Spain B national football team, Spain B
- **nationalcaps1**: 2
- **nationalgoals1**: 2
- **nationalyears2**: 1961–1967
- **nationalteam2**: Spain national football team, Spain
- **nationalcaps2**: 14
- **nationalgoals2**: 4
Xabier Azkargorta

**Francisco Xabier Azkargorta Uriarte** (26 September 1953 – 14 November 2025) was a Spanish footballer and manager. As a player, he played as a forward for Athletic Bilbao, but retired at the age of 24 because of injuries.

As a manager, he coached teams like Gimnàstic de Tarragona, Real Valladolid, Sevilla, Yokohama F. Marinos, and Club Bolívar. He also managed Bolivia at the 1993 Copa América and 1994 FIFA World Cup, as well as Chile at the 1995 Copa América.

Azkargorta died on 14 November 2025, at the age of 72.

## Personal life

Azkargorta's younger brother, Juan Ignacio (born 1956), was also a footballer. He also worked as a manager at youth level.

## Managerial statistics

|rowspan="2"|Team|rowspan="2"|From|rowspan="2"|To|colspan="5"|Record|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Yokohama Marinos|align="left"|1997|align="left"|1998|||

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Xabier Azkargorta
- **fullname**: Francisco Xabier Azkargorta Uriarte
- **birth place**: Azpeitia, Spain
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **youthyears1**: 1969–1971
- **youthyears2**: 1971–1972
- **youthclubs1**: Real Sociedad Cantera, Real Sociedad
- **youthclubs2**: Athletic Bilbao Cantera, Athletic Bilbao
- **years1**: 1972–1977
- **years2**: 1975–1976
- **clubs1**: Athletic Bilbao
- **clubs2**: Athletic Bilbao B, Bilbao Athletic
- **caps1**: 0
- **goals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1978–1980
- **manageryears2**: 1980–1982
- **manageryears3**: 1982–1983
- **manageryears4**: 1983–1986
- **manageryears5**: 1986–1987
- **manageryears6**: 1987–1988
- **manageryears7**: 1990
- **manageryears8**: 1993–1994
- **manageryears9**: 1995–1996
- **manageryears10**: 1997–1998
- **manageryears11**: 2005
- **manageryears12**: 2012–2014
- **manageryears13**: 2014–2015
- **manageryears14**: 2015–2016
- **manageryears15**: 2016–2017
- **manageryears16**: 2020
- **manageryears17**: 2023
- **managerclubs1**: CD Lagun Onak, Lagun Onak
- **managerclubs2**: CD Aurrerá Ondarroa, Aurrerá
- **managerclubs3**: Gimnàstic de Tarragona, Gimnàstic
- **managerclubs4**: RCD Espanyol, Español
- **managerclubs5**: Real Valladolid
- **managerclubs6**: Sevilla FC, Sevilla
- **managerclubs7**: CD Tenerife, Tenerife
- **managerclubs8**: Bolivia national football team, Bolivia
- **managerclubs9**: Chile national football team, Chile
- **managerclubs10**: Yokohama F. Marinos, Yokohama Marinos
- **managerclubs11**: C.D. Guadalajara, Guadalajara
- **managerclubs12**: Bolivia national football team, Bolivia
- **managerclubs13**: Club Bolívar, Bolívar
- **managerclubs14**: Oriente Petrolero
- **managerclubs15**: Sport Boys Warnes, Sport Boys
- **managerclubs16**: C.D. Palmaflor del Trópico, Atlético Palmaflor
- **managerclubs17**: Bolivia national football team, Bolivia (assistant)
Battles of Izyum

**Battles of Izyum** was a series of battles fought between the Italian forces and Soviet Union during Eastern Front of World War II.

## Battle

The fighting in the Voroshilova sector and the wider Samara–Izyum front during early 1942 saw Italian CSIR units endure constant Soviet attacks, extreme cold, and chronic shortages while holding exposed forward positions such as Voroshilova, where the 63rd “Tagliamento” Legion suffered daily air raids and bombardments from Soviet forces on the surrounding heights until relieved on January 20; even after withdrawing to Hill 311.7, heavy losses continued as the Soviet January offensive expanded across the Bereka and Samara rivers toward Losovaya and Krivoroshije, putting pressure on both the German 17th Army and the Italian lines. To show Italy’s commitment, General Messe formed the improvised “Musinu” Group made of engineers, dismounted tank crews, artillery, and cavalry elements which fought a series of difficult actions at Soviefka, Nikolajevka, Petrovka, and Snamenovka, suffering heavy casualties before being replaced by another mixed detachment under Colonel Giusiana. Through February and March, reinforced by new Bersaglieri, artillery, and the “Monte Cervino” Ski Battalion, Italian units helped block repeated Soviet attacks at Novaya Orlovka, Orlovka, and in the Pasubio and Torino sectors, and later joined German forces in a counterattack on March 22 that contributed to halting the Soviet offensive; by late March, both sides were exhausted, the thaw forced a pause, and CSIR units reorganized with new regiments, cavalry groups, and even a Croatian Legion. In May 1942, Italians took part in actions linked to the German counteroffensive that closed the Izyum pocket and destroyed two Soviet armies, and after further fighting near Greko Timofejevskij in June, the CSIR ended its role as an autonomous force, becoming the XXXV Army Corps under the newly formed Italian 8th Army on 9 July 1942.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battles of Izyum
- **place**: Izyum, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
- **partof**: Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front of World War II
- **date**: 20 January–28 May 1942
- **result**: Decisive Kingdom of Italy, Italian victory
- **combatant1**: ----
_Supported by:_

- **combatant2**: ----
_Supported by:_

- **commander1**: Giovanni Messe
- **commander2**: Georgy Zhukov
- **strength1**: **3rd Bersaglieri
**2 Infantry Battalions
**1 Assault Unit
- **strength2**: **1st Infantry Division
**Other Unknown
- **image**: File:Izum WWII Monument Panorama without border.jpg
- **caption**: Military Memorial Monument of World War II located at Izyum
- **image size**: 400px
- **casualties3**: 250,000 Soviet Union, Soviet troops killed by Italians and Germans
Amelanchier alnifolia

A **Saskatoon berry** is a small, purple fruit from the ***Amelanchier alnifolia*** shrub, native to North America. Also known as the serviceberry or juneberry, it has a sweet flavor that is often compared to a mix of blueberry and almond. The berries are rich in antioxidants and can be eaten fresh, or used in jams, pies, smoothies, and other baked goods.
El Capitan Theatre

**El Capitan Theatre** is a fully restored movie palace at 6838 Hollywood Boulevard in the Hollywood neighborhood in Los Angeles, California, United States. The theater and adjacent Hollywood Masonic Temple (now known as the El Capitan Entertainment Centre) are owned by The Walt Disney Company and serve as the venue for a majority of the Walt Disney Studios' film premieres. It is also home to the talk show Jimmy Kimmel Live!.
Open defecation

**Open defecation** is the human practice of defecating outside ("in the open") rather than into a toilet. People may choose fields, bushes, forests, ditches, streets, canals, or other open spaces for defecation. They do so either because they do not have a toilet readily accessible or due to archaic traditional cultural practices. The practice is common where sanitation infrastructure and services are not available. Even if toilets are available, behavior change efforts may still be needed to promote the use of toilets. 'Open defecation free' (ODF) is a term used to describe communities that have shifted to using toilets instead of open defecation. This can happen, for example, after community-led total sanitation programs have been implemented.

Open defecation can pollute the environment and cause health problems and diseases. High levels of open defecation are linked to high child mortality, poor nutrition, poverty, and highly unequal status between rich and poor. A study for Ethiopia noted the connection to quality of schooling of the head of household. Ending open defecation is an indicator being used to measure progress towards the Sustainable Development Goal Number 6. Extreme poverty and lack of sanitation are statistically linked. Therefore, eliminating open defecation is thought to be an important part of the effort to eliminate poverty.

In 2022, 420 million people (5.25% of the global population) were practicing open defecation, a significant decline from about 1.31 billion (21.42%) in 2000, representing a reduction of 890 million people or 16.17% points over 22 years. Of those practicing open defecation, 275 million (65.6%) were living in just seven countries. In India, for example, the number had decreased by 62% (73% in 2000 to 11% in 2022), showcasing the country's significant efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.   However, despite the progress, India still had the largest number of people practicing open defecation, followed by Nigeria, Ethiopia, Niger, Pakistan and Indonesia.

## Overview

In ancient times, there were more open spaces and less population pressure on land, open defecation was a common practice which brought fewer health and hygiene problems. With development and urbanization, open defecating started becoming a challenge and thereby an important public health issue, and an issue of human dignity. With the increase in population in smaller areas, such as cities and towns, more attention was given to hygiene and health. As a result, there was an increase in global attention towards reducing the practice of open defecation.
Open defecation perpetuates the vicious cycle of disease and poverty and is widely regarded as an affront to personal dignity. The countries where open defecation is most widely practiced have the highest numbers of deaths of children under the age of five, as well as high levels of undernutrition, high levels of poverty, and large disparities between people of means and the poor.

## See also

- EToilet
- Free bleeding
- Public urination
- Sanitation worker
- Spitting
United States Department of the Air Force

The **United States Department of the Air Force** (**DAF**) is a U.S. military department under the United States Department of Defense.

The Department of the Air Force was formed on September 18, 1947, per the National Security Act of 1947 It is the military department within which the United States Air Force and United States Space Force.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: United States Department of the Air Force
- **seal**: File:Seal of the United States Department of the Air Force.svg
- **seal width**: 155px
- **seal caption**: Seal of the U.S. Department of the Air Force
- **preceding1**: United States Department of War, Department of War
- **employees**: 330,159 _Regular Air Force_
151,360 _Civilians_
68,872 _Air Force Reserve_
94,753 _Air National Guard_
- **budget**: $222.3B (FY2022)
- **chief1 name**: Troy Meink
- **chief1 position**: United States Secretary of the Air Force, Secretary
- **chief2 name**: Matthew L. Lohmeier
- **chief2 position**: United States Under Secretary of the Air Force, Under Secretary
- **parent agency**: United States Department of Defense, U.S. Department of Defense
Kernville, California

**Kerrville** is a census-designated place in the southern Sierra Nevada, in Kern County, California, United States. It was founded in 1848. At the 2020 United States census, 1,549 people lived here.
El Cerrito, Riverside County, California

**El Cerrito** (Spanish for "The Little Hill") is a census-designated place in Riverside County, California, United States. It is an unincorporated area mostly surrounded by the city of Corona. It was founded in 1870. At the 2020 United States census, 5,058 people lived here.
Leptodactylus discodactylus

**Vanzolini's Amazon frog**, **disc-shaped thin-toed frog**, or **rana dedilarga discada** (_Leptodactylus discodactylus_) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru.

## Body

The adult male frog is 28–35 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female is 32–35 mm long. The sides of the frog's head are light brown in color. There is a triangle shape on the back. The skin of the frog's back is dark brown with some marks. The sides of the body are lighter in color, gray-brown or red-brown. The iris of the eye is bronze in color with brown lines.

## Name

Scientists named this frog using the Greek words "diskos" for disks and "daktylos" for fingers.

## Home

People see this frog in marshy places and in forests that flood at least some of the time. Scientists saw the frog between 100 and 1150 meters above sea level.

There are many protected places where the frog lives: Parque Nacional Yasuní, Reserva Biólogica Limoncocha, Reserva de Producción Faunística Cuyabeno in Ecuador, Gueppi Reserved Zone in Peru, Reserva Extrativista do Alto Jurua, and Reserva Extrativista do Baixo Jurua.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, people change the places where the frog lives to get wood to build with, make farms, find oil, make places for animals to eat grass, or make places for people to live.
California State University, Bakersfield

**California State University, Bakersfield** is a public university in Bakersfield, California. It was established in 1965.
Naples, Santa Barbara County, California

**Naples** is an unincorporated area in Santa Barbara County, California, United States.
Jinju

**Jinju** is a city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It was founded in 940 AD. At the September 2025 census, 337,529 people lived here.
Kakegawa, Shizuoka

is a city in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It was founded in 1469 AD. At the October 2019 census, 117,925 people lived here.
Gabe Vasquez

**Gabriel Vasquez** (born August 3, 1984) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for New Mexico's 2nd congressional district since 2023. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the Las Cruces City Council from 2017 to 2021.

Vasquez was born on August 3, 1984, in El Paso, Texas.

## Other websites

- Congressman Gabe Vasquez official U.S. House website
- Gabe Vasquez for Congress campaign website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gabe Vasquez
- **image**: Rep Gabriel Vasquez Official Portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Official Portrait, 2023
- **state**: New Mexico
- **term start**: January 3, 2023
- **predecessor**: Yvette Herrell
- **office1**: Member of the Las Cruces, New Mexico, Las Cruces City Council
from the 3rd district
- **term start1**: November 2017
- **term end1**: December 2021
- **predecessor1**: Olga Pedroza
- **successor1**: Becki Graham
- **birth place**: El Paso, Texas, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: New Mexico State University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **website**:
Néstor Montoya

**Néstor Montoya** (April 14, 1862 – January 13, 1923) was an American politician and newspaper editor who was the U.S. House of Representatives from New Mexico's at-large congressional district from 1921 until his death in 1923.

Montoya died on January 13, 1923 from a stroke at a his home in Washington, D.C. at the age of 60.

## Other websites

- Néstor Montoya - From the Library of Congress.
- Vigil, Maurilio. _Los Patrones: Profiles of Hispanic Political Leaders in New Mexico History_, Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1980.
- Nestor Montoya, late a representative

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Néstor Montoya
- **occupation**: Journalist
- **image**: Néstor Montoya.jpg
- **birth place**: Albuquerque, New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico Territory
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **alma mater**: Santa Fe University of Art and Design, St. Michael's College
- **signature**: Signature of Néstor Montoya (1862–1923).png
- **state**: New Mexico
- **district**: New Mexico's at-large congressional district, at-large
- **term start**: March 4, 1921
- **term end**: January 13, 1923
- **predecessor**: Benigno C. Hernández
- **successor**: John Morrow (New Mexico politician), John Morrow
Pakhangba Cheng Hongba

**Pakhangba Cheng Hongba ()** is a traditional ritualistic Meitei festival performed in Manipur, India, and by the Meitei people in Myanmar, dedicated to Pakhangpa and other Meitei deities. The ritual, which involves offering rice to Pakhangba, is conducted on the full moon day of the Meetei lunar month Kalen. It is observed to bring peace, prosperity, and social harmony. The ritual is conducted at various sacred sites, including Iputhou Pakhangpa Lainingkol in Mandalay and Uttra Shanglen in Sana Konung.

## History

The observation of Cheng Hongba, also known as Pakhangba Cheng Hongba, has been organized regularly at Sana Konung since ancient times. It is believed that the ritual has been carried down from the period of Nongda Lairen Pakhangba (c. 33 CE). The ritual is performed to bring peace and tranquility to society and involves offerings, such as rice, to the deity Pakhangba.

### Iputhou Pakhangpa Lainingkol

In May 2024, the holy ritual of Iputhou Pakhangpa Cheng Hongba was performed at Iputhou Pakhangpa Lainingkol in Amara Pura Township, Tataley (Tadaley), Mandalay. The event was jointly organized by the Federation of Indigenous People's Democratic Movement (FIDM), Wahengbam Leikai, and Pakhangba Lainingkol, Mandalay. The ceremony was conducted under the leadership of FIDM executive member and MMDA founder member N Ngangom Moirangcha.

### Uttra Shanglen in the Kangla Fort

On May 6, 2012, a Cheng Hongba observation was held at Uttra Shanglen. The event was organized jointly by Utra Shanglen Sana Konung and Pacha Loishang. Floral tributes were offered to Ibudhou Nongshaba, Ibudhou Pakhangba, and Yumjao Lairembi. The observation is held at Ibudhou Pakhangba Laipham, Kangla, under the aegis of the Kangla Religious Committee, Kangla Fort Board.

On May 14, 2014, the traditional ritual of Pakhangba Cheng Hongba was performed at Uttra Shanglen, Sana Konung Pakhangba Khubam, in the Royal Palace. Angom Ningthou (king) of Sana Konung, along with priests, priestesses, and hundreds of people, participated in the ceremony to bring prosperity to Manipur. The sacred site of Ibudhou Nongshaba's goddess Thonang Loicha Khembi was also worshipped during the ritual.

## Cultural participation

A cultural institute named Atinga performed at annual cultural and ritual programs organized by the Kangla Fort Board, including Pakhangba Cheng Hongba.

## Related pages

- Sanamahism

## Infobox (recurring event)

- **name**: Pakhangba Cheng Hongba
- **native name lang**: Meitei
- **nickname**: Cheng Hongba
- **image**: The Symbol of Sanamahi.svg
- **caption**: Holy and sacred symbol of traditional Meitei religion
- **status**: active
- **genre**: Meitei festival
- **frequency**: Annually
- **location**: Manipur and Mandalay
- **country**: India and Myanmar
- **participants**: Meitei people (especially, followers of Sanamahism)
- **activity**: offering rice to deity Pakhangba
- **leader name**: Nongda Lairen Pakhangba
- **patron**: Nongda Lairen Pakhangba
Cixi, Zhejiang

**Cixi** is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of the sub-provincial city of Ningbo, in the northeastern province of Zhejiang, China. It was founded in 738 AD. At the 2020 China census, 3,083,520 people lived here.
California State Route 178

**State Route 178** is a state highway in California, United States. It is about 150.065 miles (241.506 km) long, running through west in Bakersfield to east in Pinnacle Road near Trona.
30 Seconds (TV series)

***30 Seconds*** is a 2009 Australian comedy television series that was originally aired on The Comedy Channel from 7 September to 12 October.
Yvngxchris

**Christian Eugene Williams** (born November 21, 2004) known professionally as **Yvngxchris** (stylized in all lowercase; pronounced as "Young Chris") is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter from Portsmouth, Virginia. He first gaining traction after his 2021 song "Blood on the Leaves" which received on TikTok. He was later signed to Columbia Records. As the year of 2024, He was recognized in the service platform Twitch under the profile username yvngxchristucka.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Yvngxchris
- **birth name**: Christian Eugene Williams
- **image**: Yvngxchris yt music video in 2024.png
- **birth place**: Portsmouth, Virginia
- **origin**: Chesapeake, Virginia
- **years active**: 2017-present
- **label**: Columbia Records
José Mendes Cabeçadas

**José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior** (19 August 1883, Loulé – 11 June 1965, Lisbon) was a Portuguese soldier, sailor and politician.

He participated in the revolution of 5 October 1910, which overthrew the monarchy and established the First Portuguese Republic (he led the rebellion on board the ship Adamastor) and in the coup d'état of 28 May 1926, which ended the existence of the First Republic and established an authoritarian regime called the Ditadura Nacional.

He then served as President of Portugal and Prime Minister from 31 May 1926 to 16 June 1926, a mere seventeen days. In addition, he held a number of other government positions in the crucial year of 1926: Minister of the Interior, Minister of Trade and Communications, Minister of Finance, Minister of Justice, Minister of the Navy, Minister of Agriculture, Minister of Colonies, Minister of Education, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of War.

However, he was quickly ousted from all positions by other rebels (Gomes da Costa, Óscar Carmona), who did not like that he was not very radical. Mendes Cabeçadas believed that it was possible to establish a regime that would not explicitly violate the 1911 constitution, but would only remove the Democratic Party from power. However, the other army rebels sought an outright dictatorship. Mendes Cabeçadas later joined the opposition to the new regime and Salazar's Estado Novo regime. He participated in several military attempts to overthrow it (1946, 1947).

He was arrested, but was eventually forced into retirement. He opposed the dictatorship until his death. His funeral, which was attended by many opposition figures, was closely monitored by the secret police.
Blood on the Leaves

**Blood on the Leaves** (stylized as **Blood On The Leaves**) is a song by American rapper Yvngxchris. It was released on November 2, 2021. It is a drill song and went viral on TikTok.  The song was produced by 2300 Beats, samples a chopped version of Nina Simone’s cover of "Strange Fruit.

## Background

The song was produced by 2300 Beats,  samples a chopped version of Nina Simone’s cover of "Strange Fruit". It was first previewed though a now-deleted snippet on his Old TikTok account.

## Composition

The track was originally met with controversy,  The song addresses the deaths of Breonna Taylor and George Floyd. The track was originally met with controversy, and Chris apologized though now-deleted TikTok videos for using the sample and announced that he would no longer be releasing the song.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Blood On The Leaves
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Yvngxchris
- **released**: November 2, 2021
- **recorded**: 2021
- **genre**: Drill music, Drill
- **length**: 2:08
- **producer**: 2300 Beats
- **prev title**: Off The Leash
- **prev year**: 2021
- **next title**: Excuse Me
- **next year**: 2022
Delhi, California

**Delhi** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Merced County, California, United States. It was founded in 1870. At the 2020 United States census, 10,656 people lived here.
Garden Acres, California

**Garden Acres** is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Joaquin County, California, United States. At the 2020 United States census, 11,398 people lived here.
Rosamond, California

**Rosamond** is an unincorporated community in Kern County, California, United States. It was founded in 1877. At the 2020 United States census, 20,961 people lived here.
Caliente, California

**Caliente** (Spanish for "hot") is an unincorporated community in Kern County, California, United States. It was founded in April 1875.
Miracle Hot Springs, California

**Miracle Hot Springs** (formerly, **Hobo Hot Springs**; also known as **Compressor Hot Springs** and **Clear Creek Hot Springs**) is an unincorporated community in the Kern River Valley, in Kern County, California, United States.
Rio Bravo, California

**Rio Bravo** (, meaning "Fierce River") is an unincorporated community in Kern County, California.
Coven (band)

**Coven** is an American rock band formed in Chicago in 1967. Founding members were vocalist Jinx Dawson, bassist Greg "Oz" Osborne and drummer Steve Ross. They started as a pioneering band in the occult rock and heavy metal genres. In 1971, they had a top 40 hit with the song "One Tin Soldier". This encouraged the band to go in a more pop direction on their next two albums.

## Discography

**Studio albums**
- _Witchcraft Destroys Minds & Reaps Souls_ (1969, Mercury)
- _Coven_ (1972)
- _Blood on the Snow_ (1974)
- Metal Goth Queen: Out of the Vault 1976-2007 (2008)
- _Jinx_ (2013)
**Box sets**
- _Half A Century Of Witchcraft_ (2021, Prophecy)
Five album set includes the first three Coven albums along with _Rarities_ and _Esoterica_

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Coven
- **image**: Coven Roadburn 2017.jpg
- **caption**: Coven performing at Roadburn Festival 2017
- **origin**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **years active**: 1967–1975, 2007–present
- **label**: Mercury Records, Mercury, Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros., MGM Records, MGM, Buddah Records, Buddah, Nevoc
- **current members**: Jinx Dawson
Alex Kercheval
Chris Vaughn
Colin Oakley
Zayne Hutchison
- **past members**: Oz Osborne
Steve Ross
Rick Durrett
John Hobbs
Chris Neilsen
David Wilkerson
Wade Parish
Christopher Thurmond
Chris Wild
Canebrake, California

**Canebrake** is an unincorporated community in Kern County, California, United States.
Lamont, California

**Lamont** is a census-designated place in Kern County, California, United States. It was founded in 1923. At the 2020 United States census, 14,049 people lived here.
Onyx, California

**Onyx** (formerly "Scodie") is a census-designated place in Kern County, California, United States. It was founded in 1861. At the 2020 United States census, 457 people lived here.
Rosedale, California

**Rosedale** is a census-designated place in Kern County, California, United States. It was founded in 1891. At the 2020 United States census, 18,639 people lived here.
Salida, California

**Salida** (Spanish for "Exit") is a census-designated place in Stanislaus County, California, United States. It was founded in 1870. At the 2020 United States census, 13,886 people lived here.
Freeman Junction, California

**Freeman Junction** (formerly "Freeman's Junction" from 1800 to 1920) is a ghost town and the former settlement in Kern County, California, United States.
South Lake, California

**South Lake, California** may refer to:
- South Lake, Kern County, California
- South Lake Tahoe, California
Winton, California

**Winton** (formerly "Merced Colony No. 1", "Merced Colony No. 2", and "Windfield") is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Merced County, California, United States. It was founded in 1912. At the 2020 United States census, 11,709 people lived here.
Sky Diver

***Sky Diver*** is an arcade video game created by Owen Rubin and released by Atari, Inc. in 1978. An Atari 2600 version of the game was released in 1979. _Sky Diver_ is made for two people to play, but one person can play. The game has been featured on many plug-and-play consoles.

## Gameplay

The goal of _Sky Diver_ is to jump out of a plane, use your parachute and land on the area that is the same color as your character. Using your parachute closer to the ground gives you more points. The player has nine jumps per round. If you do not land in your area, you lose points.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Sky Diver
- **developer**: Atari, Inc.
- **publisher**: Atari, Inc.
- **designer**: **Arcade**
Owen Rubin
**2600**
Jim Huether
- **platforms**: Arcade video game, Arcade, Atari 2600
- **released**: **Arcade****2600**
- **genre**: Action game, Action
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
- **image**: Sky Diver Atari 2600.jpg
- **caption**: A picture of the game
Erskine, Renfrewshire

**Erskine** (; ) is a town in the council area of Renfrewshire, Scotland. In 2020, 15,010 people lived there.
Novgorod Republic

The **Novgorod Republic** (Russian: Новгородская республика, romanized: _Novgorodskaya respublika_) was a city-state that existed between the 12th century and the 15th century. It extended from the Gulf of Finland to the Ural Mountains.

## History

The area of Novgorod was populated by various East Slavic tribes that were constantly at war, but Filikar the great proceeded to unify the tribes and form the empire of Novgorod

## Infobox (country)

- **native name**: Новгородская республика (Romanized: Novgorodskaya respublika)
- **image flag**: Banner of the Novgorod Republic (c. 1385).svg
- **flag caption**: The banner from c. 1385
- **image map**: Novgorod1400.png
- **map caption**: Novgorod Republic c. 1400
- **capital**: Novgorod
- **national languages**: Old Novgorod dialect
- **p1**: Kievan Rus'
- **s1**: Grand Duchy of Moscow
- **flag s1**: Знамя Дмитрия Донского со Спасом.svg
- **today**: * Russia
St. Andrews Bungalow Court

**St. Andrews Bungalow Court** is a grouping of bungalows built in 1919–20 in the Colonial Revival style in Hollywood, California. Based on the structures' well-preserved multi-family courtyard architecture, the grouping was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. The listing included 15 contributing buildings.

It is featured in the live-action _Alvin and the Chipmunks_ franchise, serving as the home of David Seville and the Chipmunks and the Chipettes.
Leptodactylus bolivianus

The **Bolivian white-lipped frog** or **Bolivian thin-toed frog** (_Leptodactylus bolivianus_) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina.

## Body

The adult male frog is 79.0-121.5 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female is 61.2–107.7 mm long. The skin of the frog's back is light brown in color with darker brown spots and marks on the legs. There is a light colored mark above the mouth. The belly is also lighter in color.

## Home

This frog is usually awake at night. People see it in grassy places, forests, including forests that are growing back, swamps, places where animals eat grass, rice fields, and other places. The adults live in holes in the ground. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 1400 meters above sea level.

Scientists saw the frog in many protected places.

## Young

This frog lays eggs in a nest that it makes out of bubbles. It hides this nest in plants. The tadpoles swim in ponds where the water is not deep and is full of mud.

## Diet

This frog eats animals without bones, for example, beetles and ants. It can also eat smaller frogs.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, people catch this frog to eat.