Government of Poland

The **Government of Poland** is a  parliamentary representative democratic republic. The president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. It has been called semi-presidential.

It is a multi-party system, where the president and the Government, which consists of the Council of Ministers is led by the prime minister. Its members are mostly chosen from the majority party or coalition, in the _Sejm_. The government is formally announced by the president after an election, and must pass a motion of confidence in the _Sejm_ within two weeks.

Legislative power is in the two chambers of parliament, _Sejm_ and Senate. Members of Sejm are elected by proportional representation. Non-ethnic-minority parties must gain at least 5% of the national vote to enter the lower house. Currently five parties are represented. Parliamentary elections are at least every four years.

The president, as the head of state, is the supreme commander of the Armed Forces. They have the power to veto legislation passed by parliament, which may be overridden by a majority of three fifths. They can dissolve the parliament under certain conditions. Presidential elections are every five years. When a majority of voters support the same candidate, that candidate is declared the winner, while when there is no majority, the top two candidates participate in a runoff election.

The political system is defined in the Polish Constitution, which also guarantees a wide range of individual freedoms. The judicial branch plays a minor role in politics, apart from the Constitutional Tribunal, which can annul laws that violate the freedoms guaranteed in the constitution.

## Infobox (political system)

- **name**: Politics of Poland
- **image**: Herb Polski.svg
- **image size**: 101
- **caption**: Coat of arms of Poland
- **government**: *Unitary state, Unitary Parliamentary republic, parliamentary constitutional republic (_de jure_)
*Unitary state, Unitary Semi-presidential system, semi-presidential constitutional republic (_de facto_)
- **constitution**: 1997 Constitution of Poland
- **legislature**: Parliament of Poland, Parliament
- **legislature type**: Bicameralism, Bicameral
- **legislature place**: Sejm and Senate Complex of Poland
- **upperhouse**: Senate of Poland
- **upperhouse speaker**: Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska
- **upperhouse appointer**: First-past-the-post voting, First-past-the-post
- **lowerhouse**: Sejm
- **lowerhouse speaker**: Szymon Hołownia
- **lowerhouse speaker title**: Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland, Marshal of the Sejm
- **lowerhouse appointer**: Open list, Open-list proportional representation in Electoral districts of Poland, 41 constituencies (5% national election threshold)
- **title hos**: President of Poland, President
- **current hos**: Andrzej Duda
- **appointer hos**: Elections in Poland, Direct popular vote
- **title hog**: Prime Minister of Poland, Prime Minister
- **current hog**: Donald Tusk
- **appointer hog**: Sejm
- **cabinet**: Council of Ministers (Poland), Government of the Republic of Poland
- **current cabinet**: Third Cabinet of Donald Tusk, Cabinet of Donald Tusk
- **cabinet leader**: Prime Minister
- **cabinet deputyleader**: Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz, Deputy Prime Minister
Krzysztof Gawkowski, Deputy Prime Minister
- **cabinet appointer**: Sejm
- **cabinet hq**: Sejm and Senate Complex of Poland
- **cabinet ministries**: Third Cabinet of Donald Tusk, TBD
- **judiciary**: Judiciary of Poland
- **law**: Law of Poland
- **court**: Constitutional Tribunal (Poland), Constitutional Tribunal
- **chief judge**: vacant de jure

Julia Przyłębska de facto (position usurped)