juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Quarantine

**Quarantine** is where animals, people or an area of land are isolated to prevent the spread of disease or pests. Countries often stop animals and plants from being brought in from elsewhere, unless they are known not to carry a disease.

## Background

The word "quarantine" comes from _quarantena_, the Venetian language meaning "forty days". This is because of the 40-day isolation of ships and people practiced as a measure of disease prevention related to the plague.

It is different from medical isolation, which is for people who have been infected with the disease.

The quarantining of people often raises questions of civil rights.  Quarantine can have bad psychological effects on the quarantined.  These include post-traumatic stress disorder, confusion and anger.

## COVID-19

**Self quarantine** (or **self-isolation**) is a term that became popular during the COVID-19 pandemic, which spread to most countries in 2020.  Citizens were either encouraged or forced by law to stay home to lower the spread of the disease.  Some countries went into lockdowns as a form of quarantine.

On 1 April 2020, more than 280 million people, or about 86% of the population, were under some form of lockdown in the United States, 59 million people were in lockdown in South Africa, and 1.3 billion people were in lockdown in India.

## Related pages

- medical isolation
- Stay-at-home order

## Other websites

- – Hardback ; paperback
- Emerging Infectious Diseases – Contents, Volume 11, Number 2 , February 2005
- Quarantine for SARS, Taiwan , February 2005, _wwwnc.cdc.gov_
- History of quarantine (from PBS NOVA)
Jakub Krako

**Jakub Krako**  (born July 7, 1990) is a skier from Slovakia.  He has a disability: he cannot see things.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships. He was the second skier to finish in the men's visually impaired Super Combined race and the Giant Slalom race. He was the first skier to finish in the slalom race. Because he cannot see, Dusan Simo was his guide and told him where to when going down the mountain.

## Infobox (skier)

- **name**: Jakub Krako
- **image**: Men's visually impaired number 24c.JPG
- **caption**: Krako at the 2013 IPC World Championships
- **birth place**: Žilina, Czechoslovakia
Takeshi Suzuki

**Takeshi Suzuki**  (鈴木 猛史 _Suzuki Takeshi_) (born May 1, 1988) is an alpine skier and Paralympic athlete from Japan. He has a disability and uses a wheelchair. He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and was the first skier to finish in the sitting men's Super Combined race and in the slalom race. He was the second skier to finish in the Giant Slalom.
Yohann Taberlet

**Yohann Taberlet**  (born March 29, 1981) is a skier from France.  He has a disability and uses a wheelchair.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships. He was the second skier to finish in the men's sitting slalom race and was the third skier to finish in the sitting men's Super Combined race.
Toby Kane

**Toby Kane** (born 30 December 1986) is a skier from Australia.  He has a disability.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and was the third skier to finish in the standing men's slalom race.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Toby Kane
- **image**: Toby Kane competing in the Super G during the second day of the 2012 IPC Nor Am Cup at Copper Mountain.jpg
- **caption**: Toby Kane competing in the Super G during the second day of the 2012 IPC Nor Am Cup at Copper Mountain
- **nationality**: Australian
- **occupation**: Skier
Thomas Nolte

**Thomas Nolte** (born June 13, 1984) is a skier from Germany.  He has a disability and uses a wheelchair.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and was the third skier to finish in the sitting men's  slalom race.
Henrieta Farkašová

**Henrieta Farkašová** (born May 23, 1986)   is a skier from Slovakia. She has a disability: she cannot see everything.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the first skier to finish the women's visually impaired downhill race, slalom race, giant slalom race and super combined race. Because she cannot see, Natália Šubrtová was her guide and told her where to go when going down the mountain.
Natália Šubrtová

**Natália Šubrtová** (born 1 May 1989 in Kežmarok) is a skier from Slovakia. She helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships with Henrieta Farkašová. They were the first skiers to finish the women's visually impaired downhill race, slalom race, giant slalom race and super combined race.
Engineering tolerance

**Engineering tolerance** is the ability of a machine to cope with changes while still continuing to work. This includes changes to size, quality (for example, the smoothness of the surface), the outside world (for example, dampness or heat). When a machine is made the needed engineering tolerance is set to provide a balance between performance and the need to cope with the changes it may experience.
Melissa Perrine

**Henrieta Farkašová** (born 21 February 1988) is a skier from Australia.  She has a disability: she cannot see everything.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the second skier to finish the women's visually impaired downhill race, and the third skier to finish in the Super-G race and the Super Combined race. Because she cannot see, Andrew Bor was her guide and told her where to go when going down the mountain.
Andrew Bor

**Andrew Bor** (born 14 April 1963) is a skier and ski coach from Australia. He helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain.  He skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships with Melissa Perrine. They were the second skiers to finish the women's visually impaired downhill race, and the third skiers to finish in the Super-G race and the Super Combined race.
Alexandra Frantseva

**Alexandra Frantseva** (born 24 April 1987) is a skier from Russia. She has a disability: she cannot see everything.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the second skier to finish in the women's visually impaired Super-G race, Giant slalom race and Super Combined race, and the third skier to finish the women's visually impaired downhill race and slalom race. Because she cannot see, Evgenia Kolosovskaya was her guide and told her where to go when going down the mountain.
Bioturbation

**Bioturbation** is the reworking of soils and sediments by animals or plants. It disturbs and changes sediment. Any animal living in the soil or on the bottom under water may disturb the sediment by moving it around. Burrowing, eating and defecation of sediment grains, building galleries (etc.) all disturb the sediment.

Common bioturbators include annelids ("ringed worms") such as oligochaetes, bivalves like mussels, clams, gastropods, holothurians.

Fossil sites with bioturbation do not leave traces of soft-bodied animals. In contrast, fossil sites with undisturbed sediment have given rise to important lagerstätten with many impressions of small soft-bodied invertebrates.
Paradip

**Paradip** (also **Paradeep**) is a major seaport town in India. It is a designated notified area in Jagatsinghpur district of Odisha.

## Geography

Paradip is located at . It has an average elevation of .

## Other websites

- About Paradip
- Port of Paradip
- At Hannover, India’s big infrastructure idea: Special Economic Regions

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Paradip
- **settlement type**: city
- **pushpin map**: India Odisha
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Odisha, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Odisha
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name2**: Jagatsinghpur district, Jagatsinghpur
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **elevation m**: 1
- **population total**: 150000
- **population as of**: 2009
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Odia language, odia
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
European badger

The **European badger** (_Meles meles_) is a species of badger. Its genus is _Meles_. It is native to almost all of Europe. It is classed as Least Concern for extinction by the IUCN because of its wide distribution and large population.

The European badger is a social, burrowing animal. It eats a wide variety of plants and animals. It is very fussy over the cleanliness of its burrow, and defecates in latrines. It is known of European badgers that they bury their dead family members. Although they are ferocious when provoked, the European badger is generally a peaceful animal. It has been known to share its burrows with other species such as rabbits, red foxes and raccoon dogs. Although it does not usually prey on domestic animals, the species is sometimes reported to damage livestock through spreading bovine tuberculosis.

## Other websites

- ARKive  Photographs and video
- Badgerland - The Definitive On-Line Guide to Badgers (Meles meles) in the UK
- Badgerwatcher.com - A guide to watching badgers in the UK
- Wildlifeonline - Natural History of the European Badger
- Lancashire Badger Group.
- Science & Nature: Animals , BBC.
- Badgers in the Netherlands, Badgergroup Brabant Foundation.
- Badger Survey in the Netherlands 2000-2001 , The Census Foundation.
- Waarneming.nl  Originally a Dutch site, but you can change language at the top of the page. Sightings, pictures and distribution maps of European badgers in the Netherlands.
- Badgers in France, L’assiociation Meles.
- A video of an adult european badger. This is a close up video showing their behaviour
Outrigger skis

**Outrigger skis** are skis that are used by para-skiers to help with balance, turn, control their rate of motion, stop and make easier the direction of turns.   They be different in size and level, and have different things. Being dependent on the total number of skis used by the skier (1 or 2), outrigger ski form  is sometimes named "Three Track Skiing" or "Four Track Skiing".  When falling, skiers are taught to move their arms to put a stop to falling on the outrigger ski and damaging themselves.
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

**Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited** (**ICBC**; ) is the largest bank in the world by profit and market capitalization. It is one of China's 'Big Four' state-owned commercial banks. The other three banks are Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, and China Construction Bank.
It was founded on January 1, 1984. At first it was a private company. It had assets of RMB 12.55 trillion (US$1.9 trillion). It also had over 18,000 outlets including 106 overseas branches and agents globally. In 2013, it was ranked number 1 on _Forbes_ Global 2000 list of world's biggest public companies.

## Other websites

- Financial Reports
- Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
- Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
- **logo**: ICBC_Argentina.png
- **logo size**: 350px
- **image**: ICBC building on the Bund, Shanghai.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **image caption**: The ICBC building on the Bund, Shanghai
- **native name**: 中国工商银行
_Zhōngguó Gōngshāng Yínháng_
- **type**: Public company, Public
State-owned enterprise, State-owned
- **isin**: CNE1000003G1
- **location city**: Beijing
- **location country**: China
- **key people**: Chen Siqing (Chairman)

Gu Shu (CEO)
- **industry**: Financial services
- **products**: Finance and insurance, Retail banking, consumer banking, Commercial bank, corporate banking, investment banking, investment management, Private banking, global wealth management, private equity, mortgage loans, credit cards
- **revenue**:
$105.4 billion
- **homepage**: [https://www.icbc.com.cn/icbc/en/ icbc.com.cn]
Nellaiappar Temple

The **Swami Nellaiappar Temple** () is a Hindu temple in the city of Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. It is the main centre of attraction in the city.

The Nellaiappar Temple is in the middle of Tirunelveli. It is surrounded by roads on all four sides. All the roads are filled with small stores, hotels and other small businesses. The other name for Tirunelveli is _Nellai_, which is derived from the god of this temple "Nellaiappar", means the Protector of Nellai.

The Nellaiappar Temple was constructed by Nindraseer Nedumaran who reigned in the 7th century A.D. There is a flower garden in the centre of the temple. In the centre of the garden, there is a square vasantha mandapam with 100 pillars. It is said that this whole place used to be full of bamboo trees and was destroyed, and so inside the temple they still have some bamboo trees.

## Infobox (temple)

- **name**: Swami Nellaiappar Temple
()
- **district**: Tirunelveli
- **state**: Tamil Nadu
- **country**: India
- **deity**: Swami Nellaiappar (Shiva)
Kanthimathi amman (Parvathi wife of Shiva)
- **architecture**: Dravidian architecture
- **year completed**: 700 AD
- **creator**: Pandyas
Cooling tower

**Cooling towers** are towers that are used to transfer waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers may use the evaporation of water to remove heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature. They may also use only air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature. Cooling towers are used in oil refineries, petrochemical plants and power stations, especially nuclear power stations. In a nuclear power plant, the cooling tower is isolated from the nuclear reactor by a heat exchanger, and the steam from the cooling tower is not radioactive. The cooling tower is usually the tallest and most visible part of a nuclear power plant, much taller than the reactor building or turbine hall.
Gakkel Ridge

The **Gakkel Ridge** (formerly known as the **Nansen Cordillera** and **Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge**) is a mid-oceanic ridge. It is located in the Arctic Ocean between Greenland and Siberia. It is a divergent tectonic plate boundary between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It is  in length.  Geologically, it connects the northern end of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the Laptev Sea Rift.

The existence and approximate location of the Gakkel Ridge were predicted by Soviet polar explorer Yakov Yakovlevich Gakkel. It was confirmed on Soviet expeditions in the Arctic around 1950. The ridge is named after him. The name was recognized in April 1987 by SCUFN (under that body's old name, the Sub-Committee on Geographical Names and Nomenclature of Ocean Bottom Features).

## More reading

<div class="references-small">
- Jokat, Wilfried, and Mechita C. Schmidt-Aursch. 2007. "Geophysical Characteristics of the Ultraslow Spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean". _Geophysical Journal International_. 168, no. 3: 983-998. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03278.x
</div>

## Other websites

- Polar Discovery: Gakkel Ridge
- NOAA scientist and colleagues find hot springs in cold waters
Autotransplantation

**Autotransplantation** is  transplanting tissues from one part of the body to another part of the same person. Skin grafts are a common example.

Another example: a piece of bone (usually from the hip) is removed and ground into a paste when reconstructing another portion of bone.

## Related pages

- Xenotransplantation
Xenotransplantation

**Xenotransplantation** (from the Greek _-_  meaning "foreign"), is the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another.

## Related pages

- Autotransplantation
Eddie Mabo

**Eddie Koiki Mabo** ( 29 June 1936 – 21 January 1992) was an Indigenous Australian activist from the Torres Strait Islands. He became well known for campaigning for indigenous land rights. In particular, he became famous for his role in an historic decision by the High Court of Australia in 1992, which overturned the idea that Australia was _terra nullius_ (land belonging to nobody).

## Early life

Mabo was born as Eddie Koiki Sambo. He changed his surname to Mabo when he was adopted by his mother's brother, Benny Mabo. He was born on Mer (Murray Island) in the Torres Strait between Australia and Papua New Guinea. He worked on a number of jobs before becoming a gardener with James Cook University in Townsville, when he was 31 years old. The time he spent on the university campus had a major impact on his life. In 1974, Mabo was surprised to learn that his family did not legally own the land they lived on. In a conversation with Noel Loos and Henry Reynolds, he learned that legally that land belonged to the Crown.

## Activism and legacy

In 1981, a conference on land rights was held at James Cook University. Mabo made a speech to the audience where he explained the indigenous customary land inheritance system on Murray Island. One of the people who attended the conference, a lawyer, suggested they should make a case to claim land rights through the court system. A case was made, and took 10 years to reach a decision. Mabo died a few months before the decision. He died on 21 January 1992, of cancer at the age of 55.

Five months later, on 3 June 1992, the High Court overturned the legal doctrine of _terra nullius_ - which was the term applied to the attitude of the British Empire towards land ownership on the continent of Australia. That decision is now commonly called "Mabo v Queensland" in Australia and is widely recognised for its importance. Later in 1992, Mabo was awarded the Australian Human Rights Medal for his work over many years to gain legal recognition for indigenous people's rights.

Three years after Mabo died, which is the traditional mourning period for the people of Murray Island, a memorial service was held in Townsville. Overnight, his grave was vandalised; it was spray-painted with swastikas and the word "abo" (a derogatory slang term for an Aboriginal person). His family decided to have his body reburied on Murray Island.

## Related pages

- Aboriginal title

## Other websites

- Mabo Papers at the National Library of Australia
- Biography by Gail Mabo, his daughter
- Collection of art works by Edward Koiki Mabo - held and digitised by the National Library of Australia

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Eddie Mabo
- **birth name**: Edward Koiki Sambo
- **birth place**: Murray Island, Queensland, Mer, Torres Strait Islands, Queensland, Australia
- **death place**: Brisbane, Queensland
- **nationality**: Australian
- **years active**: 1980–1992
Cecilia Bolocco

**Cecilia Carolina Bolocco Fönck** (born May 19, 1965 in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean television presenter, actress, model, fashion designer, and former Miss Universe 1987 of italian and german origin. She is the older sister of Diana Bolocco.

### Programs

|Year|Title|Role|Network|Country|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1988|_Porque hoy es Sábado_|Co-hostess|TVN|Chile|
|1989|_Martes 13_|Co-hostess|Canal 13|Chile|
|1990-1991|_Telemundo CNN_|News presenter|CNN en Español|United States|
|1992-1993|_Ocurrió así_|Hostess|Telemundo|United States|
|1992-1993|_La Buena Vida_|Hostess|Telemundo|United States|
|1992-1993|_Esta Noche con Cecilia Bolocco_|Hostess|Telemundo|United States|
|1995-2001|_Viva el Lunes_|Hostess|Canal 13|Chile|
|1996|_Buenas Noches Cecilia Bolocco_|Hostess|Canal 13|Chile|
|1999|_La Noche de Cecilia_|Hostess|Canal 13|Chile|
|2002|_Aquí se pasa mundial_|Co-hostess|Canal 13|Chile|
|2005|_La Noche de Cecilia_|Hostess|Mega|Chile|
|2007|_Fama_|Hostess|Canal 13|Chile|
|2007|_¿Quién Cambia a Quién?_|Hostess|Canal 13|Chile|

### TV series

|Year|Title|Character|Network|Country|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1994|_Morelia_|Karina Lafontaine de Montero|Televisa|Mexico|
|2001|_Yo soy Betty, la fea_|Herself|RCN Televisión|Colombia|
|2005|_La Nany_|Herself|Mega|Chile|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Cecilia Bolocco
- **image**: Cecilia Bolocco (2)-2.jpg
- **birth name**: Cecilia Carolina Bolocco Fönck
- **birth place**: Santiago, Chile
- **nationality**: Chilean people, Chilean
- **occupation**: Television presenter, actress, model, fashion designer
- **spouse**:

- **children**: Máximo Menem Bolocco (b. 2003)
- **parents**: Enzo Bolocco Cintolesi
 Rose Marie Fönck Assler
- **relatives**: Juan Pablo Bolocco <small>(brother)</small>
 Verónica Bolocco <small>(sister)</small>
 Rodrigo Bolocco (†) <small>(brother)</small>
 Diana Bolocco <small>(sister)</small>
Júnior Fernándes

**Antenor Junior Fernandes da Silva Vitoria** (born 4 October 1988 in Tocopilla) is a Chilean footballer of Brazilian descent who currently plays for Fußball-Bundesliga club Bayer Leverkusen as a striker.

## International career

He has been summoned to Chile national football team to face friendly matches during the second half of 2011 by team manager Claudio Borghi. He debuted in the national team on 11 September 2012, on a qualifying match for the 2014 FIFA World Cup against Colombia.

## Other websites

- Junior Fernándes at Football Lineups
- BDFA Profile

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Junior Fernandes
- **image**: 20160824 RBS DIN 6890 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Fernandes with GNK Dinamo Zagreb, Dinamo Zagreb in 2016
- **fullname**: Antenor Junior Fernandes da Silva Vitoria
- **birth place**: Tocopilla, Chile
- **height**: 1.84 m
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **currentclub**: Esenler Erokspor
- **clubnumber**: 78
- **youthyears1**: 1995–2006
- **youthclubs1**: Cobreloa
- **years1**: 2007–2009
- **clubs1**: C.D. Cobreloa, Cobreloa
- **caps1**: 51
- **goals1**: 2
- **years2**: 2007
- **clubs2**: → Municipal Mejillones (loan)
- **caps2**: 20
- **goals2**: 12
- **years3**: 2010
- **clubs3**: Deportes Magallanes, Magallanes
- **caps3**: 25
- **goals3**: 10
- **years4**: 2011
- **clubs4**: Club Deportivo Palestino, Palestino
- **caps4**: 35
- **goals4**: 9
- **years5**: 2012
- **clubs5**: Club Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile
- **caps5**: 17
- **goals5**: 8
- **years6**: 2012–2014
- **clubs6**: Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Bayer Leverkusen
- **caps6**: 6
- **goals6**: 0
- **years7**: 2013–2014
- **clubs7**: → GNK Dinamo Zagreb, Dinamo Zagreb (loan)
- **caps7**: 28
- **goals7**: 13
- **years8**: 2014–2017
- **clubs8**: GNK Dinamo Zagreb, Dinamo Zagreb
- **caps8**: 74
- **goals8**: 25
- **years9**: 2017
- **clubs9**: → Alanyaspor (loan)
- **caps9**: 14
- **goals9**: 6
- **years10**: 2017–2020
- **clubs10**: Alanyaspor
- **caps10**: 80
- **goals10**: 26
- **years11**: 2020–2021
- **clubs11**: Al-Ittihad Kalba SC, Ittihad Kalba
- **caps11**: 13
- **goals11**: 3
- **years12**: 2021
- **clubs12**: İstanbul Başakşehir F.K., İstanbul Başakşehir
- **caps12**: 9
- **goals12**: 1
- **years13**: 2021–2022
- **clubs13**: Club Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile
- **caps13**: 34
- **goals13**: 4
- **years14**: 2023
- **clubs14**: Manisa F.K., Manisa
- **caps14**: 14
- **goals14**: 3
- **years15**: 2023–2024
- **clubs15**: Adanaspor
- **caps15**: 0
- **goals15**: 0
- **years16**: 2024–
- **clubs16**: Esenler Erokspor
- **caps16**: 0
- **goals16**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2011–
- **nationalteam1**: Chile national football team, Chile
- **nationalcaps1**: 20
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **club-update**: 12 June 2023
- **ntupdate**: 10 October 2022
Johanns Dulcien

**Johanns Alexander Dulcien Neira** (born 26 March 1991) is a Chilean former footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.

## Other websites

- BDFA Profile

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Johanns Dulcien
- **image**: Johanns DULCIEN.jpg
- **image size**: 170px
- **fullname**: Johanns Alexander Dulcien Neira
- **birth place**: Tocopilla, Chile
- **position**: Attacking midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 2002–2008
- **youthclubs1**: Colo-Colo
- **years1**: 2009–2013
- **clubs1**: Colo-Colo
- **caps1**: 2
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 2010
- **clubs2**: → Unión San Felipe (loan)
- **caps2**: 0
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2011
- **clubs3**: → Deportes Naval, Naval (loan)
- **caps3**: 1
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2012
- **clubs4**: → Deportes Melipilla (loan)
- **caps4**: 25
- **goals4**: 3
- **years5**: 2013
- **clubs5**: → San Antonio Unido (loan)
- **caps5**: 20
- **goals5**: 7
- **years6**: 2013–2016
- **clubs6**: San Antonio Unido
- **caps6**: 70
- **goals6**: 29
- **years7**: 2016–2017
- **clubs7**: Sahab SC
- **caps7**: –
- **goals7**: –
- **years8**: 2017
- **clubs8**: Deportes Pintana
- **caps8**: 4
- **goals8**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 122
- **totalgoals**: 39
- **nationalyears1**: 2009
- **nationalteam1**: Chile U18
Football Champ

***Football Champ*** is an arcade-style football video game. The game was developed by Taito in Japan. It was first released in arcades in 1990.
Bar-tailed godwit

The **bar-tailed godwit** (_Limosa lapponica_)  is a water bird. It is a large wader in the family Scolopacidae. It breeds on Arctic coasts and tundra mainly in the Old World, and winters on coasts in temperate and tropical regions of the Old World.

Its migration is the longest known non-stop flight of any bird and also the longest journey without pausing to feed by any animal.

## Migrations

The bar-tailed godwit migrates in flocks to coasts in East Asia, Alaska, Australia, Africa, northwestern Europe and New Zealand, where the sub-species _Limosa lapponica baueri_ is called **Kūaka** in Māori.

In 2007 birds in New Zealand were tagged and tracked by satellite to the Yellow Sea in China. According to Clive Minton (Australasian Wader Studies Group) "The distance between these two places is , but the actual track flown by the bird was ". The flight took about nine days.This is the longest known non-stop flight of any bird. At least three other bar-tailed godwits reached the Yellow Sea after non-stop flights from New Zealand.

One female in the flock, nicknamed "E7", flew onward from China to Alaska and stayed there for the breeding season. Then on 29 August 2007 she departed on a non-stop flight from the Avinof Peninsula in western Alaska to the Piako River near Thames New Zealand, setting a new known flight record of .
Sandpiper

**Sandpipers** are a large family of waders or shorebirds, the **Scolopacidae**. They include many species called sandpipers, as well as those called by names such as curlew and snipe.

Sandpipers are small birds with a longish pointed beak, and usually a rounded shape. Most species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud, sand or soil. Different lengths of bills allow different species to feed in the same habitat on the coast without direct competition for food.

Sandpipers have long legs, and narrow wings. Most species have a narrow bill, but otherwise the form and length are quite variable. They are small to medium sized birds, measuring  cm in length. The bills are sensitive, allowing the birds to feel the mud and sand as they probe for food. They generally have dull plumage, with cryptic brown, grey, or streaked patterns, although some display brighter colours during the breeding season.

Most species nest in open areas, and defend their territories with aerial displays. The nest itself is a simple scrape in the ground, in which the bird usually lays three or four eggs. The young of most species are precocial.
Saint Helena plover

The **Saint Helena plover** (_Charadrius sanctaehelenae_), locally known as the **wirebird**, is a small bird (a plover) endemic to the island of Saint Helena.

The bird was first mentioned in 1638, and is the national bird of Saint Helena; it appears on the top half of the island's coat of arms. Some older coins of Saint Helena (before 1998) have the Wirebird on its reverse.

## Description and biology

The Saint Helena plover is the only bird species endemic to the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena that is still living.

It is a small bird (length: 15 cm) with long and thin legs, like wires; because of that, the bird is known as _wirebird_ in Saint Helena.

Kittlitz's plover (_Charadrius pecuarius_) is the Saint Helena bird's closest relative; for some authors, the Saint Helena Plover is a subspecies of the Kittlitz's plover but most zoologists think that they are two different species.

The Saint Helena plover spends most of its time on the ground and does not fly frequently; it is most commonly found in pairs, or sometimes in small groups of young birds, looking for food (snails, beetles and other invertebrates) in grassland o in semi-desert areas.

Breeding takes place throughout the year, but mainly during the dry season, from late September to January. The nest is on the ground where they lay two eggs. After leaving the nest, the young birds move throughout the island in small groups.

## Range and habitat

The Saint Helena plover is endemic to the island of Saint Helena; it does not exist in any other place. Over the past 20 years, the species has used only  of the whole island. The best places in the island to see them are Deadwood and Properous Bay Plains and Woody Ridge.

Saint Helena plovers like areas of land with grasses (pastures) that are at middle elevations, mainly in flat, dry areas with low plants.

## Threats and conservation

Because of changes in the use of the land and the introduction of predators (rats, cats, dogs and other species), the number of individuals of the Saint Helena plover is critically low. A census carried out during 2005 and 2006 showed that this species had been reduced in about 40 percent in just five years to only 235 individuals. There has since been a small increase in numbers, however.

The Saint Helena plover is protected by law on Saint Helena since 1894, and several organisations work to conserve this species; one of the organizations helping to conserve this species is The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, which has a project named "Enabling the people of St Helena to conserve the St Helena wirebird", as part of the Overseas Territories Environment Programme of the UK.

## Other websites

- St Helena National Trust - leading the conversation of the Wirebird
- Website with information on the bird
- Animal Diversity Web
- Catalogue of Life : Charadrius sanctaehelenae (Harting, 1873)
- ITIS Charadrius sanctaehelenae (Harting, 1873)
- World Birds Taxonomic List
The Good Dinosaur

***The Good Dinosaurio*** is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated comedy-drama adventure movie produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. It was the studio's sixteenth movie. It was released November 25, 2015. The movie was directed by Peter Sohn.

## Cast

- Raymond Ochoa as Arlo, the youngest of the _Apatosaurus_ family
- Jack Bright as Spot, a 6-7-year-old caveman
- Jeffrey Wright as Poppa Henry, father of the _Apatosaurus_ family
- Frances McDormand as Momma Ida, mother of the _Apatosaurus_ family
- Marcus Scribner as Buck, Arlo's brother
- Steve Zahn as Thunderclap, a _Germanodactylus_
- Sam Elliott as Butch, a _Tyrannosaurus_
- A. J. Buckley as Nash, a _Tyrannosaurus_ and Butch's son
- Anna Paquin as Ramsey, a _Tyrannosaurus_ and Butch's daughter
- John Ratzenberger as Earl, a _Velociraptor_ who is a member of Bubbha's pack

## Infobox (movie)

- **image**: The Good Dinosaur logo.svg
- **caption**: Logo
- **director**: Peter Sohn
- **producer**: Denise Ream
- **music**: Mychael Danna
Jeff Danna
- **studio**: Pixar Animation Studios
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Dick Trickle

**Richard "Dick" Trickle** (October 27, 1941 – May 16, 2013) was an American race car driver. He raced for decades around the short tracks of Wisconsin, winning many championships along the way. Trickle competed in the ASA, ARTGO, ARCA, All Pro, IMCA, NASCAR, and USAC. In more than an estimated 2,200 races, Trickle logged one million laps and is believed to have won over 1,200 feature races.

Trickle was born on October 27, 1941 in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. He was never married and had no children. Trickle died on May 16, 2013 after shooting himself with a gun at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Boger City, North Carolina.

## Infobox (nascar driver)

- **name**: Dick Trickle
- **last cup race**: 2002 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, 2002 2002 MBNA Platinum 400, MBNA Platinum 400 (Dover International Speedway, Dover)
- **busch top tens**: 42
- **busch wins**: 2
- **last busch win**: 1998 NASCAR Busch Series, 1998 Dura-Lube 200 Presented by BI-LO (Darlington Raceway, Darlington)
- **first busch win**: 1997 NASCAR Busch Series, 1997 Galaxy Foods 300 (Hickory Motor Speedway, Hickory)
- **last busch race**: 2001 NASCAR Busch Series, 2001 Outback Steakhouse 300 (Kentucky Speedway, Kentucky)
- **first busch race**: 1984 NASCAR Busch Series, 1984 Red Carpet 200 (Milwaukee Mile, Milwaukee)
- **best busch pos**: 11th (1999 NASCAR Busch Series, 1999)
- **years in busch**: 11
- **total busch races**: 158
- **cup poles**: 1
- **cup top tens**: 36
- **cup wins**: 0
- **first cup race**: 1970 NASCAR Grand National Series, 1970 1970 Daytona 500, Daytona 500 Qualifier #2 (Daytona International Speedway, Daytona)
- **image**: Dick Trickle Pocono June 98.jpeg
- **best cup pos**: 15th (1989 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, 1989)
- **years in cup**: 24
- **total cup races**: 303
- **awards**: 1968 United States Auto Club, USAC Stock Car Rookie of the Year
1989 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, 1989 NASCAR Winston Cup Series NASCAR Rookie of the Year, Rookie of the Year
- **achievements**: 1984 and 1985 American Speed Association Champion
7 ARTGO championships between 1979 and 1987
Considered "America's Winningest Driver" with an estimated 1,200 career wins
- **death cause**: Suicide methods#Firearm, Suicide by gunshot
- **death place**: Boger City, North Carolina, U.S.
- **birth place**: Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, U.S.
- **birth name**: Richard Leroy Trickle
- **caption**: Trickle (right, facing away) in 1998
- **busch poles**: 7
Henrique Rosa

**Henrique Pereira Rosa** (16 January 1946 – 15 May 2013) was a politician from Guinea-Bissau. He was interim President of Guinea-Bissau from 2003 to 2005.

Rosa was born on 16 January 1946 in Bafatá, Guinea-Bissau. Rosa handed over power to Vieira on 1 October 2005.

Rosa stood as an independent candidate in the Guinea-Bissau presidential election, 2009, finishing in third place.

On 15 May 2013, Rosa died at a hospital in Porto, in northern Portugal, after losing a nine month battle with lung cancer. He was 67 years old.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Henrique Rosa
- **image**: Henrique Rosa 2005.jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Guinea-Bissau, President of Guinea-Bissau
<small>Acting</small>
- **primeminister**: Artur Sanhá
Carlos Gomes Júnior, Carlos Gomes
- **term start**: 28 September 2003
- **term end**: 1 October 2005
- **predecessor**: Veríssimo Correia Seabra <small>(Chairman of the Military Committee for the Restoration of Constitutional and Democratic Order)</small>
- **successor**: João Bernardo Vieira
- **birth place**: Bafatá, Guinea-Bissau
- **death place**: Porto, Portugal
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
Paul Shane

**Paul Shane** (**George Frederick Speight**; 19 June 1940 – 16 May 2013) was an English comedian and actor, best known for his television work such as playing the part of Ted Bovis in _Hi-de-Hi!_, a sitcom broadcast on the BBC in the mid 1980s.

Shane was born on 19 June 1940 in Thrybergh, West Riding of Yorkshire, England. He was married to Dory Shane until her death in 2001. They had three children. Shane died on 16 May 2013 in Chaingla, New York City, USA from an illness, aged 72.

## Other websites

- Official website
P. J. Carlesimo

**Peter John "P. J." Carlesimo** (born May 30, 1949) is an American basketball coach. Most recently he was the interim head coach of the NBA's Brooklyn Nets.

Carlesimo was born on May 30, 1949 in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He is the son of college basketball coach and athletic director Peter A. Carlesimo. Carlesimo studied at Fordham University. He is married and has two sons.
Thaler

The **Thaler** (or **Taler** or **Talir**) was a silver coin that was used throughout Europe for almost four hundred years. It was named after the "Joachimsthaler", a type of coin from the city of Joachimsthal (Jáchymov) in Bohemia. It is where the names "dollar" and "tolar" come from. The Thaler was first made in 1518. In Habsburg Spain and the Spanish Empire it was called "Peso".
Ann Sheridan

**Ann Sheridan** (**Clara Lou Sheridan**; February 21, 1915 – January 21, 1967) was an American actress. She worked regularly from 1934 to her death in 1967, first in movie and later in television. Notable roles include _Angels With Dirty Faces_ (1938), _The Man Who Came to Dinner_ (1942), _Kings Row_ (1942) and _I Was a Male War Bride_ (1949).

Sheridan was born **Clara Lou Sheridan** on February 21, 1915 in Denton, Texas. She studied at the University of North Texas.

Sheridan was married to Edward Norris from 1936 until they divorced in 1939. Then she was married to George Brent from 1942 until they divorced in 1943. Then she was married to Scott McKay from 1966 until her death in 1967.

Sheridan died on January 21, 1967 in Los Angeles, California from esophageal cancer and liver cancer, aged 51. She is buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery.

## Other websites

- Interview with Ann Sheridan biographer
- Photographs and literature
Fay Wray

**Fay Wray** (born **Vina Fay Wray**; September 15, 1907 – August 8, 2004) was a Canadian-American actress. She is best known for playing Ann Darrow in _King Kong_. Her acting career spanned 57 years, Wray received international renown as an actress in horror movie roles.

In 1989, Wray received the Women in Film Crystal Award. Wray received a "Legend in Film" award at the 2003 Palm Beach International Film Festival. For her contribution to the movie industry, Wray received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6349 Hollywood Blvd. She received a star posthumously on Canada's Walk of Fame in Toronto on June 5, 2005.

A small park near Lee's Creek on Main Street in Cardston, Alberta, her birthplace, was named "Fay Wray Park". The small sign at the edge of the park on Main Street has a silhouette of King Kong on it, remembering her role in the film _King Kong_. A large oil portrait of Wray by Alberta artist Neil Boyle is on display in the Empress Theatre in Fort Macleod, Alberta. In May 2006, Wray became one of the first four entertainers to ever be honored by Canada Post by being featured on a postage stamp.

Two days after her death, the lights of the Empire State Building were extinguished for 15 minutes in her memory.

## Other websites

- Northern Stars
- CBC.ca News: Fay Wray dies at 96
- Literature on Fay Wray

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Fay Wray
- **image**: Wray, Fay 01.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200 px
- **caption**: Studio publicity photo
- **birth name**: Vina Fay Wray
- **birth place**: Cardston, Alberta, Cardston, Alberta, Canada
- **death place**: New York City, New York, New York City, New York (state), New York, USA
- **occupation**: Actress
- **resting place**: Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, California
- **years active**: 1923–1980
- **spouse**: John Monk Saunders
<small>(m.1928-1939; divorced)</small>
Robert Riskin
<small>(m.1942-1955; his death)</small>
Sanford Rothenberg
<small>(m.1971-1991; his death)</small>
Jon Hamm

**Jonathan Daniel "Jon" Hamm** (born March 10, 1971) is an American actor and director. He is known for his role as Don Draper in _Mad Men_.

Hamm was born on March 10, 1971 in St. Louis, Missouri. He studied at the University of Missouri. Hamm was partners with Jennifer Westfeldt from 1997 until 2015. Hamm is a Democrat. In 2023, he married actress Anna Osceola.

## Other websites

- Jon Hamm at Emmys.com
Kelly Gallagher

**Kelly Gallagher** (born 24 April 1987) is a skier from Northern Ireland. She has a disability: she cannot see everything.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the second skier to finish in the women's visually impaired slalom race.  She was the third skier to finish in the women's slalom race. Because she cannot see, Charlotte Evans was her guide and told her where to go when going down the mountain.
Charlotte Evans

**Charlotte Evans** is a skier from the United Kingdom. She helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships with Kelly Gallagher.  They were the second skiers to finish in the women's visually impaired slalom race.  They were the third skiers to finish in the women's slalom race.
Andrea Rothfuss

**Andrea Rothfuss** (born 20 October 1989 in Freudenstadt) is a skier from Germany. She has a disability: she was born without a left hand.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the first skier to finish in the standing women's downhill race and the slalom race.  She was the second skier to finish in the Super Combined.  She was the third skier to finish in the Super G race and the Giant Slalom Race.

## Other websites

- Official website
Frankenweenie (2012 movie)

***Frankenweenie*** is a 2012 American 3D stop-motion animated supernatural comedy-horror family movie directed by Tim Burton. It stars Charlie Tahan, Martin Short, Catherine O'Hara, Martin Landau, Atticus Shaffer and Winona Ryder. It was nominated for many awards including the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. It was released on October 5, 2012. Roger Ebert gave the movie 3/4 stars. It is a remake of a 1984 short film by Burton. It was released by Walt Disney Pictures.
Marie Bochet

**Marie Bochet** (born February 9, 1994 in Chambéry) is a skier from France.  She was 5 when she started skiing.  She has a disability.  She was the first skier to finish in the Giant Slalom race.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the second skier to finish in the standing women's downhill race and the  Super G.

Bocket skiied in the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia, where she won four gold medals.
Bergen (disambiguation)

**Bergen** is a city in Norway.

**Bergen** might also mean:

- Mons, a town in Belgium that is called _Bergen_ in Flemish
- Bergen County, New Jersey
- A type of backpack
A Christmas Carol (2009 movie)

***A Christmas Carol*** is a 2009 American 3D computer-animated fantasy comedy-drama Christmas movie. It was directed and written by Robert Zemeckis. It stars Jim Carrey, Gary Oldman, Colin Firth, Bob Hoskins, Robin Wright and Cary Elwes. The movie was released on November 6, 2009. It was based on the Charles Dickens book _A Christmas Carol_. Roger Ebert gave it 4/4 stars.
Puss in Boots (2011 movie)

***Puss In Boots*** is a 2011 animated comedy adventure movie. It is a spin-off of the _Shrek_ franchise. It follows the character Puss in Boots, who first appeared in _Shrek 2_. It is about his adventures before the events of _Shrek 2_.

The movie was directed by Chris Miller, produced by Guillermo del Toro, and written by Brian Lynch. It stars Antonio Banderas as Puss in Boots, Zach Galifianakis as Humpty Dumpty, Salma Hayek as Kitty Softpaws, and Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris as Jack and Jill. Like the _Shrek_ movies, this movie is a parody of fairy tales.

## Home media release

_Puss in Boots_ was released on DVD, Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D on February 24, 2012. The movie has a short animation called _Puss in Boots: The Three Diablos_. 7.2 million home entertainment units have been sold worldwide.

Another featured extra short is "Klepto Kitty"; a three-minute profile of Dusty the Klepto Kitty, a notorious cat in California who steals items from neighbors' yards. Some of it was filmed on a night vision kitty-cam, hung around Dusty's neck by the Animal Planet network for their own documentary.

## Sequel

A sequel titled _Puss in Boots: The Last Wish_ was released on December 21, 2022.

## Other websites

- Official website
- _Puss in Boots_ at the Internet Movie Database
Solène Jambaqué

**Solène Jambaqué** (born April 14, 1988) is a skier from France.   She has a disability.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the third skier to finish in the standing women's downhill race and was the first skier to finish in the Super G race and Super Combined race.
Our Lady of La Salette

**Our Lady of La Salette** is a title given to the Virgin Mary who is believed to have appeared at the village of La Salette, France. The Marian apparition was reported by two children, Maximin Giraud, and Melanie Calvat. In French she is called __.

## History

On 19 September 1846, Maximin Giraud and Melanie Calvat reported seeing the Virgin Mary weeping on Mount Sous-les Baisses. According to their account, the Virgin Mary continued to weep as she spoke to them, first in French, then in their own dialect. After the woman spoke to them, she vanished. The following day the children's account of the apparition was put into writing and signed by the children and those who had heard the story.

## Recognition

When Maximin and Melanie made the woman's message public, it caused a sensation in the community. Soon thereafter, the bishop of Grenoble began to investigate the apparition. During the investigation, several accusations were made against the children. One of the accusations was that the apparition was just a young woman named Lamerliere. In 1851, the bishop said that the apparition was worthy of belief. This was the first step in approval by the Catholic church.

The visionaries sent two secrets to Pope Pius IX - one given to each of them, which they never revealed to one another. The Pope never made the two secrets public. However Melanie published the secrets in a pamphlet with the local bishop's approval. The Church condemned the published secret. Melanie, later in life, was known to have been disturbed by reading apocalyptic books and similar materials.

### Message

John Paul II stated: As I wrote on the occasion of the 150th anniversary, "La Salette is a message of hope, for our hope is nourished by the intercession of her who is the Mother of mankind".

The message of the visionaries of La Salette focuses on the conversion of all humanity to Christ. Though La Salette's message is embedded in the bygone environment of the nineteenth century, rural France, it has had a tremendous impact on the modern world. Saints (for example, John Vianney), pastors (such as Don Bosco), and religious writers (like J.K. Huysmans) have all been influenced by La Salette. The spirit of La Salette is one of prayer, conversion, and commitment.

## Infobox (catholic apparition)

- **name**: Our Lady of La Salette
- **image**: PaeteChurchjf6479 10.JPG
- **size**: 250px
- **location**: La Salette-Fallavaux, France
- **date**: 19 September 1846
- **witness**: Melanie Calvat, Maximin Giraud
- **type**: Marian apparation
- **approval**: November 1851, during the pontificate of Pope Pius IX
- **shrine**: Basicila of Our Lady of La Salette
Petra Smarzova

**Petra Smaržová** (born 4 June 1990) is a skier from Slovakia.  She has a disability.  She skied at the 2011 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.  She was the second skier to finish in the standing women's slalom race and giant slalom race.

Samarzova also took part in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi where she again competed in the Giant Slalom. She is coached by Peter Matiasko and Branislav Mazgut.