juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Deutsche Eishockey Liga

The **Deutsche Eishockey Liga** (_German Ice Hockey League_, shortname DEL) is a German professional ice hockey league, which currently has the highest number of American and Canadian players outside of North America.

## Current teams

There are currently 14 teams playing in the DEL.

|Team|City/Area|Arena|Capacity|Founded|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Augsburger Panther**|Augsburg|Curt Frenzel Stadium|align=center|7,774|align=center|1878|
|**Eisbären Berlin**|Berlin, Germany|O2 World (Berlin)|align=center|14,200|align=center|1954|
|**DEG Metro Stars**|Düsseldorf|ISS Dome|align=center|13,400|align=center|1935|
|**Hamburg Freezers**|Hamburg|O2 World (Hamburg)|align=center|12,947|align=center|2002|
|**Hannover Scorpions**|Hanover|TUI Arena|align=center|10,767|align=center|1975|
|**ERC Ingolstadt**|Ingolstadt|Saturn Arena|align=center|4,815|align=center|1964|
|**Iserlohn Roosters**|Iserlohn|Eissporthalle Iserlohn|align=center|5,000|align=center|1959|
|**Kölner Haie**|Cologne|Lanxess Arena|align=center|18,500|align=center|1972|
|**Krefeld Pinguine**|Krefeld|König Palast|align=center|8,000|align=center|1936|
|**Adler Mannheim**|Mannheim|SAP Arena|align=center|13,600|align=center|1938|
|**EHC München**|Munich|Olympia Eishalle|align=center|6,256|align=center|1967|
|**Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers**|Nuremberg|Arena Nürnberger Versicherung|align=center|8,400|align=center|1980|
|**Straubing Tigers**|Straubing|Eisstadion am Pulverturm|align=center|6,000|align=center|1948|
|**Grizzly Adams Wolfsburg**|Wolfsburg|Eisarena Wolfsburg|align=center|4,660|align=center|1975|
|**Füchse Duisburg**|Duisburg|Scania Arena|align=center|4,800|align=center|1971|
|**Frankfurt Lions**|Frankfurt|Eissporthalle Frankfurt|align=center|6,946|align=center|1959|
|**Hannover Indians**|Hanover|Eisstadion am Pferdeturm|align=center|4,600|align=center|1948|
|**Kassel Huskies**|Kassel|Eissporthalle Kassel|align=center|6,100|align=center|1977|
|**Landshut Cannibals**|Landshut|Eisstadion am Gutenbergweg|align=center|7,000|align=center|1948|
|**Lausitzer Füchse**|Weißwasser|Eisstadion Weißwasser|align=center|3,000|align=center|1932|
|**München Barons**|Munich|Olympia-Eissportzentrum|align=center|6,300|align=center|1999|

## Infobox (sports league)

- **title**: Deutsche Eishockey Liga
- **current season**: 2018–19 DEL season
- **logo**: PENNY DEL Logo.svg
- **pixels**: 250px
- **formerly**: Ice hockey Bundesliga
- **sport**: Ice hockey
- **founded**: 1994
- **teams**: 14
- **relegation**: DEL2 (2018-19 onward)
- **country**: Germany
- **champion**: EHC Red Bull München, EHC München
- **most champs**: Eisbären Berlin (7)
- **tv**: Deutsche Telekom, Telekom
Sport1 (Germany), Sport1
- **website**: [http://www.del.org/ www.del.org]
- **related comps**: DEL22nd Bundesliga (ice hockey), 2. BundesligaOberliga (ice hockey), Oberliga
Kontinental Hockey League

The **Kontinental Hockey League** (**KHL**) () is an international professional ice hockey league in Eurasia founded in 2008.

## Infobox (sports league)

- **title**: Kontinental Hockey League
- **current season**: 2021–22 KHL season
- **pixels**: 200px
- **formerly**: Russian Superleague
- **sport**: Ice hockey
- **founded**: 2008
- **motto**: Хоккей – наша игра! (_Hockey is our game!_)
- **teams**: 22
- **country**: (19 teams)
 (1 team)
 (1 team)
 (1 team)
- **champion**: HC CSKA Moscow, CSKA Moscow
- **most champs**: Ak Bars Kazan (3)
- **website**: [http://en.khl.ru KHL.ru (English)]
- **ceo**: Alexander Medvedev
- **tv**: KHL-TV (Russia (as part of the NTV Plus package), International (part of ViaNetTV), Others through [http://www.khl.ru/tv/ KHL's website])
Russia 2 (Russia)
Qazsport (Kazakhstan)
Belarus 5 (Belarus)
CCTV-5+ (China)
- **related comps**: Russian Open Hockey Championship, Russian Championship
Russian Major League, VHL
Minor Hockey League
Apple strudel

**Apple strudel** () is a traditional Austrian dessert. It is also known in most of the countries which formed the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

## History

The recipe came over the Ottoman Empire to Austria. A sweet related to strudel is baklava. Strudel was named for the first time in 1696. It gained popularity after Empress Maria Theresia had it served to her.

## Pastry

Strudel is made of a thin, elastic pastry. The filling contains sliced apples,  sugar, cinnamon, raisins, and bread crumbs. Preparing the strudel dough is a difficult process, so you can also buy strudel pastry. Apple strudel can also be made with puff pastry. Traditionally, the strudel is served warm with whipped cream or vanilla ice cream. Also, vanilla sauce is popular in many countries.
Ostreoida

The order **Ostreoida** includes the oysters and other families of bivalves such as Pectinidae (mostly scallops).

## 2010 taxonomy

In 2010, a new proposed classification system for the Bivalvia was published by Bieler, Carter & Coan, revising the classification of the Bivalvia, including the order Ostreoida.

**Order Ostreoida**
(Oysters)
- Superfamily: Ostreoidea
    - Family: Gryphaeidae
    - Family: Ostreidae

### Suborder: Pectinoida

(Scallop shells and allies)
- Superfamily: Anomoiidea
- Superfamily: Plicatuloidea
- Superfamily: Dimyoidea
- Superfamily: Pectinoidea
    - Family: Entoliidae
    - Family: Pectinidae
    - Family: Propeamussiidae
    - Family: Spondylidae

### Suborder: Limoida

(File shells and allies)
- Superfamily: Limoidea

### Suborder: Mytiloida

(Saltwater mussels)
- Superfamily: Mytiloidea

### Suborder: Pterioida

(Winged oysters and allies)
- Superfamily: Pinnoidea
- Superfamily: Pteroidea

## Other websites

- European checklist of marine species, for Molluscs
- Man and Molluscs Bivalve page
Pectinina

**Pectinina** is a suborder in the Bivalve order Ostreoida. It contains the superfamilies Pectinoidea and Anomioidea.
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

**Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz** (October 22, 1783 – September 18, 1840) was a French nineteenth-century polymath. He contributed to botany, zoology, the study of prehistoric earthworks in North America and Mesoamerican ancient linguistics.

Rafinesque was eccentric. People often say he was an "erratic genius". He was an autodidact. He was  successful in many things. He was good as a zoologist, botanist, writer and polyglot. He wrote prolifically on such diverse topics as anthropology, biology, geology, and linguistics. Today, scholars say that he was far ahead of his time in many of these fields.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
- **image**: Rafinesque Constantine Samuel 1783-1840.png
- **image size**: 150px
- **caption**: Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
- **birth date**: October 22, 1783
- **birth place**: Galata, Istanbul
- **death place**: Philadelphia
- **nationality**: France
- **field**: biologist
- **author abbrev bot**: Raf.
Ostreidae

**Ostreidae** are the **true oysters**. The family includes most species eaten under the name _oyster_. Pearl oysters are not true oysters because they belong to a different order, the Pterioida.

Like scallops, true oysters have a central adductor muscle. This causes a scar in the middle of the shell. It is the point of attachment. The shell is often irregular because oysters attach to substrates.
Lens (anatomy)

The **crystalline lens** is a transparent, biconvex  structure in the eye. With the cornea it helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. The lens changes shape. This changes the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances. This adjustment of the lens is called accommodation. It is similar to the focusing of a photographic camera when it focuses its lenses. The lens is flatter on the inside.

The lens is also called the _aquula_ (Latin, _a little stream_, dim. of _aqua_, _water_) or _crystalline lens_. In humans, the refractive power of the lens in its natural environment is approximately 18 dioptres. This is about one-third of the eye's total power.

## Related pages

- Melatonin
- Visual perception
- Cataract

## Infobox (anatomy)

- **name**: Lens
- **latin**: lens crystallin
- **image**: Focus in an eye.svg
- **caption**: Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus by changing the curvature of the lens.
- **image2**: Schematic diagram of the human eye en-edit.png
- **caption2**: Schematic diagram of the human eye.
Pecten (bivalve)

***Pecten*** is a genus of large scallops or saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Pectinidae.
This is the type genus of the family. Pecten have lived since the Triassic Era and swim by flopping their shells.

The name "Pecten" is the Latin word for a comb or rake.

Shell petroleum company has used its logo with a shell since 1904.

## Species

Species in the genus _Pecten_ include:
- _Pecten maximus_ - the great scallop, which species may also include _Pecten jacobaeus_
- _Pecten novaezealandiae_ - New Zealand scallop
- _Pecten sulcicostatus_ <small>Sowerby II, 1842</small> - South African scallop
- _Pecten yessoensis_ - Japanese (sea) scallop
Byssus

**Byssus** is a silklike _filament_ by which certain molluscs attach to hard surfaces. It also means a rare fabric. It is also called sea silk, and is its fibre source.
Lake Ülemiste

**Lake Ülemiste** () a lake in Estonia. It is the largest of the lakes near Tallinn, the capital city. Tallinn takes its drinking water from this lake. The lake gets its water mostly from the small Kurna stream and the larger Pirita River (through the Vaskjala-Ülemiste canal).

There is a legend about this lake. The legend says that the "Old Man of Lake Ülemiste" () lives in the lake. When anyone meets him, he always asks: "Is Tallinn ready yet?". If the other person answers "Yes, the city is ready.", then the old man will send the lake waters out to cover the city of Tallinn. In this way, if anyone meets this old man, they should answer: "No, the city is not ready. There is a lot of work to do still." In this way the city can be saved.
Sachertorte

**Sachertorte**  (Sacher cake) is a  chocolate cake with a chocolate icing and a apricot jam filling. It is a typical sweet from Vienna. It is named after Franz Sacher, who invented the recipe.

## History

The first cake was made by Franz Sacher in 1832 when Klemens Fürst Metternich ordered the kitchen to create a new sweet for his evening guests. The chef was ill so Sacher, who was apprentice in his second year, invented the first Sachertorte. After this the cake was nearly forgotten. Sacher worked in Budapest and Presburg and opened in 1848 a  high-class delicatessen and winery in Vienna. His son Eduard Sacher, who learned in the  Demel bakery which supplyed the court, brought the recipe in the form we know today. First the cake was sold by Demel, but after Eduard bought the Hotel Sacher also there.

In the 20th century there was a legal battle between the Sacher and the Demel about selling the "Original Sacher Torte". In 1963 the both parties agree, that the Hotel Sacher is allowed to use the name "Original Sacher Torte". The Demel could now sell a "Eduard Sacher Torte".

The Sachertorte consists of a chocolate sponge cake with a thin layer of apricot jam in the middle and dark chocolate icing on the top and sides. The main difference between the cake from the Hotel Sacher and from the Demel bakery is that the Original Sacher Torte has a layer of apricot jam under the icing and in the middle of the cake. The cake from Demel has only jam under the icing.

Most of the time the cake is served with whipped cream without sugar.

## Other websites

- Homepage Hotel Sacher-Die Sacher Torte(German)
- "Sachertorte" - A recipe by Delia Smith
- BBC News|Happy Birthday, cake
- Is Sachertorte the Ultimate Devotion?
Salzburger Nockerl

**Salzburger Nockerl** is a sweet dessert from Salzburg, Austria.

The dessert is made of egg yolk, flour, sugar, salt, vanilla, and milk mixed into a thin dough. It is always freshly prepared. It is served warm with powdered sugar on it.  The powdered sugar is said to represent the snow-covered peaks of the Gaisberg, Moenchsberg and Nonnberg.

In the operetta "Saison in Salzburg" (Season in Salzburg) by Fred Raymond, the dessert is praised in a song as "“Suess wie die Liebe und zart wie ein Kuss” (meaning Sweet as love and tender as a kiss in German). A legend says that they were invented by Salome Alt, the concubine of Salzburg′s Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau in the early 17th century.

## Other websites

- Spiegel Online:Nichts als heiße Luft (_Nothing but hot air_)
Kurt Schuschnigg

**Kurt Alois Josef Johann Schuschnigg** (1897–1977, until 1919, _Edler von Schuschnigg_) was the 15th Chancellor of Austria and leader of the _Vaterländische Front_ (Fatherland Front). He was in office between the assassination of his predecessor, Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934, and the annexation of Austria in 1938. The time of Dollfuss' and Schuschnigg's reign is known as Austrofascism today. He survived the war as a prisoner. After the war, he took US citizenship, and became a professor for  state law in the United States. In 1968, he returned to Austria, where he died in 1977.

Schuschnigg studied law in Freiburg im Breisgau and Innsbruck. The Nazi Otto Planetta killed Dollfuss, in 1934, in an event that is known as July putsch today. During the war, the NSDAP saw Planetta as a hero. Schuschnigg became the next Chancellor, and at age 36, was the youngest person to become Chancellor of Austria until 2017.

Schuschnigg was a conservative and an Austrian nationalist. He also supported the idea of Austria as a Catholic nation. During his time in office, he was opposed to the idea of Austria becoming a part of Germany. Adolf Hitler began to make show aggression towards Austria in the later 1930s. Schuschnigg planned a referendum on the issue, and this was strongly opposed by the Nazis. In his last major speech, he gave an emotional appeal to Austrian independence and nationalism, finishing with the line "Red White Red, until we're dead!" (referring to the colors of the Austrian flag). Schuschnigg was forced to step down on 11th March 1938, and to hand power to Dr. Arthur Seyß-Inquart. One day later, Austria was annexed to Germany.

Schuschnigg was arrested by the Gestapo soon after this. He was sent to the infamous Dachau Concentration Camp, where he spent most of the war. After Dachau was liberated by Allied armed forces, he moved to the United States. He wrote books on his political career and worked in academia in the US. In 1968 he retired from being a professor and retired to Austria, where he died of natural causes in 1977.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kurt Schuschnigg
- **image**: KurtVonSchuschnigg1936.jpg
- **caption**: Kurt Schuschnigg, in 1936
- **order**: 15th Chancellor of Austria, Federal Chancellor of Austria
- **term start**: July 29, 1934
- **term end**: March 11, 1938
- **president**: Wilhelm Miklas
- **deputy**: Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg, Eduard Baar-Baarenfels, Ludwig Hülgerth, Edmund Glaise-Horstenau
- **predecessor**: Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg (acting)
- **successor**: Arthur Seyss-Inquart
- **order2**: Acting Chancellor of Austria, Federal Chancellor of Austria
- **term start2**: July 25
- **term end2**: July 26, 1934
- **president2**: Wilhelm Miklas
- **predecessor2**: Engelbert Dollfuss
- **successor2**: Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg (acting)
- **birth place**: Riva del Garda, then Austria-Hungary, now Italy
- **death place**: Mutters, State of Tyrol, Tyrol, Austria
- **party**: Fatherland's Front (Austria), Patriotic Front
- **profession**: Lawyer, Professor
Valeria Kozlova

**Valeria Sergeyevna Kozlova** (; born on January 22, 1988) is a Russian singer, composer, songwriter, drummer and actress. She was a member of the music group _Ranetki_ from 2005 until 2008.

She was in a relationship with _Ranetki_'s producer Sergei Milnichenko (b.1966) from 2005 until 2008.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Valeria Kozlova
- **image**: Valeria Kozlova.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Kozlova at the celebrating the 15th anniversary of the program News Block on MTV Russia
- **birth name**: Valeria Seregeyevna Kozlova
- **birth place**: Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR
- **nationality**: Russian
- **known for**: Ex-member of music group _Ranetki_
- **occupation**: Singer, drummer, composer, songwriter, actress
- **years active**: 2005–present
- **partner**: Sergei Milnichenko
<small>(d.2005-2008)</small>
- **parents**: Sergei Kozlov
Nadezhda Kozlova
- **relatives**: Tatyana Kozlova (younger sister)
- **website**: [http://www.leralera.com/ Official website]
Diario Frontera

***Diario Frontera*** is a Venezuelan regional newspaper, headquartered in Ejido, in the state of Mérida. Founded in 1978, its slogan is "El diario del occidente del país" (The Daily of the occident of the country).

## Features

The newspaper is distributed as standard colored format. It contains regional, national, and international news. It has two supplements, issued every Sunday: _Aquí entre Nos_ magazine, and a supplement for children, _Chipilín_. It has special editions for occasions like _Feria del Sol_ and _Día del Trabajador_.

## History

_Diario Frontera_ was founded by José Benedicto Monsalve, along with the writer Rafael Ángel Gallegos, who was the first director, on 12 August 1978. At the beginning, it was printed in black and white using a rotary owned by _Diario Critica_.

In the eighties, _Diario Frontera_ became a generalist newspaper, printed in black and white, and with 20 pages. Since 1989, it has printed a page or a section dedicated to the University of the Andes, due to the great number of students and the importance of the University in the life of the city.

In June 2005, it printed an inquiry about a student of the university killed by the police. _Diario_ wrote that the student had been hit by the policemen, but also revealed his belonging to an armed political group. The headquarter of the newspaper was attacked by groups of students; it was the beginning of riots that then spread all over the city. The pleas of Reporters Without Borders remained unheard.

In 2008, on the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary, _Diario_ has revamped graphics (logo, typeface).

## Directors

- Rafael Ángel Gallegos
- Alcides Monsalve

## Related pages

- List of Venezuelan newspapers
- Mérida, Venezuela

## Other websites

- Diario Frontera website

## Infobox (newspaper)

- **name**: Diario Frontera
- **type**: Daily newspaper
- **format**: Tabloid (newspaper format), tabloid
- **foundation**: 12 August 1978
- **owners**: José Benedicto Monsalve
- **editor**: Alcides Monsalve
- **language**: Spanish language, Spanish
- **headquarters**: Mérida, Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela
- **website**: [http://www.diariofrontera.com www.diariofrontera.com]
Charles Doolittle Walcott

**Charles Doolittle Walcott** (March 31, 1850 – February 9, 1927) was an American geologist and invertebrate paleontologist. He became known for his discovery in 1909 of well-preserved fossils in the Burgess Shale of British Columbia, Canada.

Walcott became Director of the U.S. Geological Survey 1894–1907, and Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1907–1927. He discovered a number of important fossil sites. At the Walcott Quarry, the lowest (earliest) of the Burgess Shale deposits, Walcott collected 65,000 specimens between 1910 and 1924. The site dates to the Middle Cambrian, and is in the Canadian Rockies.

The Walcott-Rust quarry is near Russia, New York. This site has produced some of the best preserved trilobites ever found, including enrolled specimens with soft body parts.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Charles D. Walcott
- **image**: Charles Walcott.jpg
- **birth date**: March 31, 1850
- **birth place**: New York Mills, New York State, United States, USA
- **death date**: February 9, 1927 (aged 76)
- **death place**: Washington, DC, United States, USA
- **nationality**: United States
- **field**: Paleontology
- **work institutions**: US Geological Survey
Smithsonian Institution
- **prizes**: Mary Clark Thompson Medal (1921)
Microsoft Agent

**Microsoft Agent** is the technology created by Microsoft which uses animated characters Text to speech engines, and Speech recognition software to improve interaction with computer users. It comes pre-installed with Windows 2000 through to Windows Vista but not on Windows 7.

## Technology

Microsoft Agent characters are stored in files of the .ACS file format, and can be stored in a number of compressed .ACF files for better World Wide Web distribution. Microsoft Office 97 and Microsoft Bob Actor characters are stored in files of the .ACT format.

The speech engine itself is driven by the Microsoft Speech API (SAPI), version 4 and above. Microsoft SAPI provides a control panel for easily installing and switching between various available Text to Speech and Speech to Text engines, as well as voice training and scoring systems to improve the quality and accuracy of both engines.

Microsoft provides four agent characters for free, which can be downloaded from the Microsoft Agent website. These are called Peedy, Merlin, Genie, and Robby. Some characters also shipped with Microsoft Office up to version 2003 as the Office Assistants and with Windows XP as search assistants. New Agent characters can also be created using Microsoft's development tools, including the Agent Character Editor. Agents can be embedded in software with Visual Basic for Applications and in web pages with VBScript, and automated tools for the purpose of simplifying this exist. However, web page agents are only compatible with Internet Explorer, since alternative browsers like Opera or Mozilla Firefox do not support ActiveX. Additionally, users of Windows Me,  Windows 2000, Windows XP, and above or owners of Microsoft Office 2000 and up are the only ones who have Agent software pre-loaded on their computers; others have to download the software and install it manually.
Gideon Welles

**Gideon Welles** (July 1, 1802 – February 11, 1878) was the United States Secretary of the Navy during the presidencies of Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.  He served from March 7, 1861 until March 4, 1869. He was from Glastonbury, Connecticut. He was also the great grandfather of director, actor and screenwriter Orson Welles.

## Infobox (us cabinet official)

- **name**: Gideon Welles
- **image**: Gideon Welles - Ambrotype.jpg
- **order**: 24th
- **title**: United States Secretary of the Navy
- **term start**: March 7, 1861
- **term end**: March 4, 1869
- **predecessor**: Isaac Toucey
- **successor**: Adolph E. Borie
- **birth place**: Glastonbury, Connecticut, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Hartford, Connecticut, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat, Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **signature**: Gideon Welles Signature.svg
Keble College, Oxford

**Keble College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its main buildings are on Parks Road, opposite the University Museum and the University Parks.  Keble is one of the larger colleges, with 435 undergraduates and 245 graduate students. The head of the college is the Warden (currently Sir Michael Jacobs) and senior academic members are Fellows.

Keble was founded in 1870, having been built as a monument to John Keble, a leading member of the Oxford Movement. As originally constituted it was for men only and the fellows were mostly bachelors resident in the college. In the period after the second World War the trends were towards scientific courses (the major area devoted to science east of the University Museum influenced this) and eventually co-education for men and women from 1979 onwards.

It remains distinctive for its once-controversial neo-gothic red-brick buildings designed by William Butterfield. During the 20th century the college has been extended several times by new buildings.
New York Clipper

The ***New York Clipper***, also known as ***The Clipper***, was a weekly entertainment newspaper published in New York City from 1853 to 1924. It covered topics such as dance, music, the outdoors, and sports.

## Other websites

- The New York clipper annual
Baltimore Orioles (19th century)

The **Baltimore Orioles** were a 19th-century American Association and National League. They formed in 1882 and went defunct 1899. The team, which featured numerous future Hall of Famers, finished in first place three consecutive years (1894–1896) and won the Temple Cup championship in 1896 and 1897.
Sayabec

**Sayabec** is a small town called "municipality" in Quebec, Canada. It was established in 1894. 1,706 people live there (as of 2021). Sayabec is in the Matapedia Valley close to the Matapedia Lake.
Arrows

_This article is about the Formula One racing team. For other uses of the term _arrow,_ see Arrow._

**Arrows Grand Prix International** was a Formula One team active from 1978 to 2002. The team was also known as **Footwork.**

## Origins

The Arrows Grand Prix International team was founded in 1977, by Italian financier (someone who handles lots of money) Franco Ambrosio, Alan Rees, Jackie Oliver, Dave Wass and Tony Southgate when Rees, Oliver, Wass and Southgate left the Shadow team. They named the team after the first letter of each person's last name in order, spelling out AROWS. The name was then changed to the correct spelling of Arrows.

### Arrows Grand Prix International

The team earned their first podium at the 1978 Swedish Grand Prix, with future Williams driver Riccardo Patrese earning second. The rest of the season consisted of him earning points occasionally. Arrows fielded Patrese until 1981. In 1984 the team used BMW M12 turbo engines, and later Megatron turbos, and results improved as the turbo era moved along, going at its peak in 1988 when the team finished fifth in the constructors' championship. In between 1984 and 1988 the team had gotten two podium positions. Eventually when turbo engines were banned from the regulations, making them illegal to run in a race, Arrows' performance dropped, despite a third place podium finish at the 1989 USA Grand Prix in Phoenix.

### Footwork Arrows

The team was renamed Footwork in 1991 until being changed back to Arrows after the 1996 season. Arrows' performance dropped with the usage of the Porsche engines. Footwork eventually changed to Mugen Honda engines. The team also ran Ford and Hart engines as well.

### Tom Walkenshaw's Arrows

In 1997, Tom Walkenshaw bought a part of Arrows, and hired 1996 Drivers' Champion Damon Hill and Pedro Diniz. Diniz was very rich and helped pay for Hill's salary, placing Diniz as the role of a pay driver. Hill nearly won the Hungarian Grand Prix but a component failure meant that Hill had slowed down and fell to second place, where Hill would finish. In the next few years Walkenshaw would buy out what Jackie Oliver had owned.

As the seasons went on Arrows started to go in debt. In 2002 at times the two drivers, Heinz-Harald Frentzen and Enrique Bernoldi deliberately failed to qualify for a couple of races in an attempt to save some money. The team could not finish the season and went into liquidation and folded at the end of the season. However, Phoenix Finance purchased the team's assets and tried to enter in the 2003 season but was not allowed.
François Mitterrand

**François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand** (26 October 1916 – 8 January 1996) was a French politician who was the President of the French Republic from 21 May 1981 until 17 May 1995. He was born in Jarnac in the Charente department. He was a member of the Socialist Party. Before being elected president, he had held several positions in the French Cabinet. As President of France, he was also one of the Co-Princes of Andorra. He abolished death penalty in 1981. Jacques Chirac was President of France and _ex officio_ Co-Prince of Andorra after him. Mitterrand died of prostate cancer in Paris. He was laid to rest in his birthplace Jarnac.

From 1959 to 1981, Mitterrand was also mayor of Château-Chinon (Ville), a municipality in the Nièvre department.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**: _His Excellency_
- **honorific suffix**: _The President of France_
- **name**: François Mitterrand
- **office**: President of France
- **image**: President Mitterand bij slotzitting Europa Congres Mitterand, kop, Bestanddeelnr 934-2444 (portrait crop).jpg
- **predecessor**: Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
- **primeminister**: Pierre Mauroy
Laurent Fabius
Jacques Chirac
Michel Rocard
Édith Cresson
Pierre Bérégovoy
Édouard Balladur
- **successor**: Jacques Chirac
- **predecessor2**: Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
- **party**: Croix-de-Feu, Cross of Fire
Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance
Convention of Republican Institutions
Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party
- **1blankname1**: Served with
- **1namedata1**: Joan Martí i Alanis, Joan Martí Alanis
- **office1**: Co-Princes of Andorra, Co-Prince of Andorra
- **primeminister1**: Òscar Ribas Reig
Josep Pintat-Solans
Òscar Ribas Reig
Marc Forné Molné
- **successor2**: Jacques Chirac
- **birth name**: François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand
- **birth place**: Jarnac, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **resting place**: Cimetiere des Grands-Maisons
Jarnac, France
- **children**: 4, including Jean-Christophe and Mazarine Pingeot Mitterrand
- **alma mater**: University of Paris
Sciences Po
- **1blankname2**: Representative
- **1namedata2**: Jean-Yves Caullet
- **relatives**: Frédéric Mitterrand <small>(nephew)</small>
- **term start**: 21 May 1981
- **term end**: 17 May 1995
- **term start1**: 21 May 1981
- **term end1**: 17 May 1995
Afonso IV of Portugal

**Afonso IV** (; 8 February 1291 – 28 May 1357), called **the Brave** (), was the seventh king of Portugal and the Algarve from 1325 until his death. He was the only son that King Denis of Portugal had with his wife Elizabeth of Aragon. Afonso married Beatrice of Castile (1293–1359) in 1309, daughter of Sancho IV, King of Castile and María de Molina, and had four sons and three daughters by her. He also had another daughter.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **type**: monarch
- **name**: Afonso IV
- **succession**: King of Portugal and the Algarve
- **image**: AfonsoIV-P.jpg
- **caption**: 17th century painting of Afonso IV
- **reign**: 7 January 1325 – 28 May 1357
- **predecessor**: Denis of Portugal, Denis
- **successor**: Peter I of Portugal, Peter I
- **spouse**: Beatrice of Castile (1293–1359), Beatrice of Castile
- **issue**: Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile, Maria, Queen of Castile
  Peter I of Portugal
  Eleanor of Portugal, Queen of Aragon, Eleanor, Queen of Aragon
- **issue-link**: #Marriage and descendants
- **issue-pipe**: among others…
- **house**: House of Capet, Capetian House of Burgundy
- **father**: Denis of Portugal
- **mother**: Elizabeth of Aragon
- **birth place**: Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal
- **death place**: Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal
- **burial place**: Lisbon Cathedral, Lisbon See Cathedral, Lisbon, Lisbon (district), District of Lisbon, Portugal
- **religion**: Roman Catholic Church, Roman Catholicism
Coniston Water

**Coniston Water** (usually called just **Coniston**) is a lake in Cumbria. It is the third largest lake in the Lake District. It is  long and  wide. The lake has an elevation of 143 feet (44 m) above sea level. It drains to the sea via the River Crake.

## Waterspeed record

In the 20th century Coniston was the scene of many attempts to break the world water speed record. On August 19, 1939 Sir Malcolm Campbell set the record at 141.74 miles per hour (228.108 km/h) in Bluebird K4. Between 1956 and 1959 Sir Malcolm's son Donald Campbell set four successive records on the lake in Bluebird K7, a hydroplane.

In 1966 Donald Campbell decided that he needed to get over 300 miles per hour (483 km/h) to keep the record. On January 4, 1967 he achieved a top speed of over 320 miles per hour (515 km/h) in Bluebird K7 on the return leg of a record-breaking attempt. He then lost control of Bluebird, which somersaulted and crashed, sinking rapidly. Campbell was killed instantly on impact. The attempt could not be counted as a record-breaking run because the second leg was not completed.

## Lady in the Lake

In recent times, Coniston Water has become known for a controversial murder case. Mrs Carol Park was dubbed the _"Lady in the Lake"_ after the Raymond Chandler novel of the same name.

## Infobox (lake)

- **lake name**: Coniston Water
- **image lake**: Coniston_Water_from_Holme_Fell.jpg
- **caption lake**: View from Holme Fell,  north
- **location**: Lake District, Cumbria
- **outflow**: River Crake
- **area**: 4.7 km<sup>2</sup>
- **volume**: 113.3 x 10<sup>6</sup> m³
- **islands**: 2; Peel Island, Cumbria, Peel Island, Oak Island. 1 partial; (at high water) Fir Island
Brian Cox (physicist)

**Brian Edward Cox** <small>OBE FRS</small> (born 3 March 1968) is a British particle physicist. He is also a professor at the University of Manchester and a Royal Society University Research Fellow. He works on the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Cox presents some BBC science television programmes the most notable being _Stargazing Live_ and _Wonders of Universe_. He also presented some episodes of _Horizon_.

## Early life

Cox was born in 1968 in Chadderton, Oldham, Lancashire. His parents worked for Yorkshire Bank, his mother as a cashier and his father as a middle-manager in the same branch. He was a keyboard player for pop band D:Ream in the 1990s.

## Other websites

- Personal website

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Brian Cox
- **image**: Professor_Brian_Cox_OBE_FRS.jpg
- **caption**: Brian Cox at the Royal Society admissions day in London, July 2016
- **birth name**: Brian Edward Cox
- **birth place**: Oldham, Lancashire, England
- **fields**: Particle physics
- **alma mater**: University of Manchester (BSc, MPhil, PhD)
- **thesis title**: Double diffraction dissociation at large momentum transfer
- **thesis url**: http://www-h1.desy.de/psfiles/theses/h1th-679.pdf
- **thesis year**: 1998
- **doctoral advisor**: Robin Marshall
- **doctoral students**: Tamsin Edwards
- **children**: 1
- **education**: Hulme Grammar School
How to Win Friends and Influence People

***How to Win Friends and Influence People*** is a self-help book. It was written by Dale Carnegie and first published in 1936. It is one of the best selling self-help books ever published. Since 1936, over 15 million copies have been sold worldwide.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: How to Win Friends and Influence People
- **author**: Dale Carnegie
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **subject**: Self-help
- **genre**: Non-fiction
- **media type**: Print (hardcover / paperback)
- **pages**: 291 pp
- **isbn**: 1-4391-6734-6
- **oclc**: 40137494
- **publisher**: Simon and Schuster (1936)
- **release date**: October 1936
- **pub date**: 1936
Jemma Palmer

**Jemma "Jem" Palmer** (born 10 April 1986) is an English model and professional wrestler. She was briefly signed to World Wrestling Entertainment. She is also known by the name **Inferno**. She used this name in the 2008 British television series _Gladiators_. In 2011, she became known for taking part in the twelfth series of _Big Brother_.

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Jemma Palmer
- **names**: Jemma Palmer
Inferno
- **birth place**: Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, England
- **trainer**: Ultimate Pro Wrestling
- **debut**: 2005
Damien Sandow

**Aron Steven Haddad** (born August 3, 1982) is an American retired professional wrestler currently working as a manager in the National Wrestling Alliance under the ring name **Aron Stevens**. He is best known for his time in the WWE where he wrestled under the ring names **Idol Stevens** (when he teamed with KC James), **Damien Sandow**, **Damien Mizdow** (as the stunt double and tag team partner of The Miz) and **Macho Mandow** (a parody of "Macho Man" Randy Savage). After his release from WWE in 2016 he joined Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as **Aron Rex** and became the first ever Impact Grand Champion.

In WWE he won the Tag Team Championship with The Miz in 2014 and the 2013 Money in the Bank ladder match. However, he became the first wrestler to lose his cash-in title match for the World Heavyweight Championship, when he was defeated by John Cena on the October 28 episode of _Raw_.

## Championships

- **Chaotic Wrestling**
    - Chaotic Wrestling Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
    - Chaotic Wrestling Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Edward G. Xtasy
- **Destiny World Wrestling**
    - DWW Championship (1 time)
- **Florida Championship Wrestling**
    - FCW Jack Brisco 15 Championship (1 time)
    - FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Titus O'Neil
- **International Wrestling Association**
    - IWA Hardcore Championship (1 time)
- **National Wrestling Alliance**
    - NWA National Championship (1 time)
    - NWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with J. R. Kratos
- **Ohio Valley Wrestling**
    - OVW Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
    - OVW Southern Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Nova
    - OVW Television Championship (1 time)
    - Third OVW Triple Crown Champion
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - Ranked  No. 50 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the _PWI 500_ in 2013
- **Total Nonstop Action Wrestling**
    - Impact Grand Championship (1 time)
    - Impact Grand Championship Tournament (2016)
- **World Wrestling Council**
    - WWC Puerto Rico Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
    - WWC World Tag Team Championship (4 times) – with Shawn Spears (1), Chicano (1), King Tonga Jr. (1) and Abbad (1)
- **WWE**
    - WWE Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with The Miz
    - Money in the Bank (2013 – World Heavyweight Championship contract)
    - WWE Tag Team Championship #1 Contender Tournament (2012) – with Cody Rhodes
    - Slammy Award (2 times)
        - LOL Moment of the Year (2014) –
        - Double-Cross of the Year (2015) –

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Damien Sandow
- **image**: Damien sandow.jpg
- **caption**: Sandow in November 2013
- **names**: Aaron Stevens
**Aron Stevens**
Aron Rex
Damien Mizdow
Damien Sandow
Easter Bunny
Idol Stevens
Macho Mandow
- **birth place**: Worcester, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **billed**: Palo Alto, California
Louisville, Kentucky
**Malibu, California**
North Oxford, Massachusetts
- **trainer**: Chaotic Wrestling
Killer Kowalski
- **debut**: June 23, 2001
- **retired**: June 11, 2022
Ulf von Euler

**Ulf Svante von Euler** (7 February 1905 – 9 March 1983) was a Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist. He won a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 for his work on neurotransmitters.
The Fighting Temptations

***The Fighting Temptations*** is a 2003 musical drama movie with Cuba Gooding Jr., and Beyoncé.
Titus O'Neil

**Thaddeus Michael Bullard Sr.** (born April 29, 1977), better known by his ring name **Titus O'Neil**, is an American professional wrestler and former American football player. He is currently signed to WWE, where he serves as the company's Global Ambassador. As an active wrestler, he won the WWE Tag Team Championship and the 24/7 Championship once, and was also the first ever 24/7 Champion.

He was one half of the Prime Time Players along with Darren Young. He competed on the second season of NXT where he finished 5th and also competed on the fifth season of NXT called NXT Redemption. He played professional football in the Arena Football League for the Utah Blaze, Tampa Bay Storm, Las Vegas Gladiators and Carolina Cobras.

## Championships

- **Florida Championship Wrestling**
    - FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Damien Sandow
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - Ranked No. 82 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the _PWI 500_ in 2013
- ***Rolling Stone***
    - Most Deserved Push (2015)
- ***Wrestling Observer Newsletter***
    - Worst Feud of the Year (2016)
- **WWE**
    - WWE Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Darren Young
    - WWE 24/7 Championship (1 time, first)
    - WWE Year-End Award (1 time)
        - Funniest Moment of the Year (2018) –
    - WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2020 – Warrior Award)

## Other websites

- Titus O'Neil at WWE.com

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **embed**: yes
- **name**: Thaddeus Bullard
- **position**: Defensive end
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lbs**: 270
- **high school**: Suwannee High School, Live Oak (FL) Suwannee
- **college**: Florida Gators football, Florida
- **undraftedyear**: 2001
- **pastteams**: * Carolina Cobras ()
* Las Vegas Gladiators ()
* Tampa Bay Storm ()
* Utah Blaze ()
- **afl**: Thaddeus_Bullard-3429
- **highlights**: * College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS, National champion (1996 Florida Gators football team, 1996)


## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Titus O'Neil
- **birthname**: Thaddeus Michael Bullard
- **image**: Titus O'Neal 2017.jpg
- **alma mater**: University of Florida
- **caption**: O'Neil in 2017
- **names**: Rufus Patterson
**Titus O'Neil**
- **height**: 6 ft 6 in
- **weight**: 270 lb
- **children**: 3
- **birth place**: Boynton Beach, Florida, U.S.
- **billed**: Tampa, Florida
- **trainer**: Florida Championship Wrestling
- **debut**: November 12, 2009
Paul Bearer

**William Alvin Moody** (April 10, 1954 – March 5, 2013) better known by his ring name **Paul Bearer** as well as **Percival Pringle III**, was an American professional wrestling manager and professional wrestler. He was best known for managing both The Undertaker as well as his on-screen brother, Kane in the WWF/WWE.

Moody was born on 10 April 1954 in Mobile, Alabama. He died on 5 March 2013 in Mobile, Alabama from a heart attack. Club board member of Cauliflower Alley Club "Cowboy" Bob Kelly said that during a reunion on 2 March, Moody was having trouble breathing and was also coughing. Moody said that he was going to be treated for respiratory problems and Kelly said that Moody was treated for a blood clot after the reunion.

## Other websites

- Paul Bearer at WWE.com

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Paul Bearer
- **image**: Paul Bearer.jpg
- **caption**: Bearer in 2011
- **names**: Mr. X
The Embalmer
Dr. Rigor Mortis
Percival Pringle III
Percy Pringle III
**Paul Bearer**
- **birth date**: April 10, 1954
- **birth place**: Mobile, Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Mobile, Alabama
- **billed**: Mobile, Alabama
- **debut**: June 1967
- **retired**: 2012
Maury Povich

**Maurice Richard "Maury" Povich** (born January 17, 1939) is an American television talk show host.  He hosted the tabloid talk show _Maury_, which began in 1991 and ended in 2022.

## Education and career

Povich graduated from the Landon School in 1957. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1962 with a degree in television journalism. He hosted the 2000 revival of the television game show _Twenty One_.

## Personal life

Povich is married to former news anchor Connie Chung.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Maury_Povich 2011.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Maury Povich in July 2011
- **birth name**: Maurice Richard Povich
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C., United States, U.S.
- **spouse**:

- **occupation**: Talk show host
- **years active**: 1962–2022
- **alma mater**: University of Pennsylvania
- **website**: [http://www.mauryshow.com/ www.mauryshow.com]
Darwinopterus

***Darwinopterus*** (meaning "Darwin's wing") is a genus of pterosaur, discovered in China and named after Charles Darwin. It is the first known pterosaur to display features of both long-tailed (rhamphorhynchoid) and short-tailed (pterodactyloid) pterosaurs. _Darwinopterus_ is a transitional fossil between the two groups.

Between 30 and 40 fossil specimens have been found, all collected from the Tiaojishan Formation, which dates to the Middle Jurassic, 160 million years ago (mya). The type species, _D. modularis_, was described in February 2010.

Two additional species, _D. linglongtaensis_ and _D. robustodens_, were described from the same fossil beds in December 2010 and June 2011, respectively.

The specimens showed sexual dimorphism: the males had crests on their heads, and narrower hips than the females.

## Mosaic features

This genus, and its near relatives, show a combination of 'primitive' (basal) and 'advanced' (derived) pterosaurian features. This is characteristic of transitional fossils ('missing links'), and is called modular evolution or mosaic evolution.

_Darwinopterus_ had long tails and other features of rhamphorhynchoids, they also had distinct pterodactyloid features, such as long vertebrae in the neck and a single skull opening in front of the eyes.

## Eggs

The specimen preserved along with an egg gave information on the reproductive strategies of _Darwinopterus_ and pterosaurs in general.

Like the eggs of later pterosaurs and modern reptiles, the eggs of _Darwinopterus_ had a parchment-like, soft shell. In modern birds, the eggshell is hardened with calcium carbonate, completely shielding the embryo from the outside environment. Soft-shelled eggs are permeable to water, and allow significant amounts to be absorbed into the egg during development. Eggs of this type are more vulnerable to the elements and are typically buried in soil.

David Unwin, a co-author of the paper, suggested that _Darwinopterus_ probably laid many small eggs at a time and buried them. Juveniles could fly upon hatching, and required little to no parental care.

These results imply that reproduction in pterosaurs was more like that in modern reptiles and significantly differed from reproduction in birds.
Rubén Sierra

**Rubén Sierra** (b. October 6, 1965) is a retired Puerto Rican Major League Baseball player.  Sierra was an outfielder.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Rubén Sierra
- **image**: Rubensierra1.png
- **position**: Right fielder / Designated hitter
- **bats**: Switch
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- **debutdate**: June 1
- **debutyear**: 1986
- **debutteam**: Texas Rangers
- **finaldate**: July 9
- **finalyear**: 2006
- **finalteam**: Minnesota Twins
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .268
- **stat2label**: Home runs
- **stat2value**: 306
- **stat3label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat3value**: 1,322
- **teams**: * Texas Rangers (baseball), Texas Rangers (–)
* Oakland Athletics (–)
* New York Yankees (–)
* Detroit Tigers ()
* Cincinnati Reds ()
* Toronto Blue Jays ()
* Chicago White Sox ()
* Texas Rangers (baseball), Texas Rangers (–)
* Seattle Mariners ()
* Texas Rangers (baseball), Texas Rangers ()
* New York Yankees (–)
* Minnesota Twins ()
- **highlights**: * 4× Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star selection (1989 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1989, 1991 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1991, 1992 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1992, 1994 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1994)
* Silver Slugger Award winner (1989)
* 2001 AL Comeback Player of the Year
* Texas Rangers Hall of Fame
Matt Clement

**Matthew Paul Clement** (born August 12, 1974, in Butler, Pennsylvania) is a former Major League Baseball starting pitcher. Clement played for the San Diego Padres, Florida Marlins, Chicago Cubs and Boston Red Sox. While on the Red Sox active roster, he was injured all of the 2007 season. He batted and threw right-handed.

On April 5, 2009, Clement said he was no longer going to play baseball.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Matt Clement
- **position**: Pitcher (baseball), Pitcher
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Butler, Pennsylvania
- **debutdate**: September 6
- **debutyear**: 1998
- **debutteam**: San Diego Padres
- **finaldate**: June 14
- **finalyear**: 2006
- **finalteam**: Boston Red Sox
- **stat1label**: Win–loss record (pitching), Win–loss record
- **stat1value**: 87–86
- **stat2label**: Earned run average
- **stat2value**: 4.47
- **stat3label**: Strikeouts
- **stat3value**: 1,217
- **teams**: * San Diego Padres (–)
* Florida Marlins ()
* Chicago Cubs (–)
* Boston Red Sox (–)
- **highlights**: * Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star selection (2005 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 2005)
Tarkovsky

**Tarkovsky** () is a Russian surname. The feminine form is Tarkovskaya (). A well-known person with this name was Andrei Tarkovsky, a Soviet movie director.