juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Duke of Bedford

The title of **Duke of Bedford** is a British title has been created several times and is today held by the **Russell** family since 1694. The heir to the title is usually given the title of "Marquess of Tavistock". The family seat is Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire. The private mausoleum and chapel of the Russell Family and the Dukes of Bedford is at St. Michael’s Church in Chenies, Buckinghamshire. The family owns the Bedford Estate in central London. The duke is entitled to the style of address of _His/Your Grace_.

## Dukes of Bedford, sixth Creation (1694)

- _Other titles: Marquess of Tavistock (1694), Baron Howland (1695), Earl of Bedford (1551), Baron Russell (1538) and Baron Russell of Thornhaugh (1603)_
1. William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford (1616–1700), was created Duke of Bedford in 1694, after the Glorious Revolution
1. Wriothesley Russell, 2nd Duke of Bedford (1680–1711), only son of Rt. Hon. William Russell, Lord Russell (whose attainder had been reversed in 1688)
1. Wriothesley Russell, 3rd Duke of Bedford (1708–1732), third son of the 2nd Duke, died without issue
1. John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford (1710–1771), fourth and youngest son of the 2nd Duke
1. Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford (1765–1802), eldest son of Lord Tavistock, died without legitimate issue
1. John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford (1766–1839), second son of Lord Tavistock
1. Francis Russell, 7th Duke of Bedford (1788–1861), eldest son of the 6th Duke
1. William Russell, 8th Duke of Bedford (1809–1872), only son of the 7th Duke, died unmarried
1. Francis Charles Hastings Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford (1819–1891), eldest son of Maj.-Gen. Lord George Russell, second son of the 6th Duke
1. George William Francis Sackville Russell, 10th Duke of Bedford (1852–1893), eldest son of the 9th Duke, died without children
1. Herbrand Arthur Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford (1858–1940), second son of the 9th Duke
1. Hastings William Sackville Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford (1888–1953), only son of the 11th Duke
1. John Ian Robert Russell, 13th Duke of Bedford (1917–2002), eldest son of the 12th Duke
1. Henry Robin Ian Russell, 14th Duke of Bedford (1940–2003), eldest son of the 13th Duke
1. Andrew Ian Henry Russell, 15th Duke of Bedford (b. 1962), eldest son of the 14th Duke

The heir apparent is the present holder's only son Henry Robin Charles Russell, Marquess of Tavistock (b. 2005).
Gunde Svan

**Gunde Svan**, (born 12 January 1962) is a Swedish former cross-country skier and auto racing driver. As a cross-country skier he won several titles during the World Championship titles and the Olympic Games as well the World Cup.
Christine McVie

**Christine McVie** (born Christine Anne Perfect; 12 July 1943 – 30 November 2022) was an English singer-songwriter and keyboardist. She is best known for being a member of rock band Fleetwood Mac. Eight songs written and sung by McVie are on the band's _Greatest Hits_ album. They include "Don't Stop", "Little Lies", "Everywhere" and "You Make Loving Fun". She also released three solo albums.

In 1998, as a member of Fleetwood Mac, McVie was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. She also received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. After retiring from the band, she worked on solo material. McVie appeared on stage with Fleetwood Mac at London's O<sub>2</sub> Arena in September 2013. She rejoined the band in January 2014. Her first full shows after her return were during Fleetwood Mac's _On with the Show_ tour in October 2014. In 2014, McVie received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Lifetime Achievement.

On 30 November 2022, McVie died at the age of 79 after a short illness.

## Discography

With Fleetwood Mac:
- _Future Games_ (1971)
- _Bare Trees_ (1972)
- _Penguin_ (1973)
- _Mystery to Me_ (1973)
- _Heroes Are Hard to Find_ (1974)
- _Fleetwood Mac_ (1975)
- _Rumours_ (1977)
- _Tusk_ (1979)
- _Mirage_ (1982)
- _Tango in the Night_ (1987)
- _Behind the Mask_ (1990)
- _Time_ (1995)

## Other websites

- Extensive bio, links to charts, discography

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Christine McVie
- **image**: Christine McVie - Fleetwood Mac (1977).jpg
- **caption**: McVie in 1977
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Christine Anne Perfect
- **birth place**: Bouth, Lancashire, England
- **instrument**: Vocals, keyboard instrument, keyboards, piano, accordion, percussion, harmonica, guitar
- **genre**: Blues, pop rock, soft rock, Pop music, pop
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, keyboardist
- **years active**: 1967–1998, 2004, 2013–2022
- **label**: Blue Horizon, Reprise Records, Reprise, E1 Music, E1 (US), Sanctuary Records, Sanctuary
- **associated acts**: Fleetwood Mac, Chicken Shack
Qayyum Chowdhury

**Qayyum Chowdhury** (, March 9, 1932 – November 30, 2014) was a Bangladeshi painter. He was known for painting cover photos. He painted covers for over 26 years. His works can be seen all over Bangladesh.

On November 30, 2014, Chowdhury fell sick while delivering his speech on the fourth-day of Bengal Foundation organized classical music festival in Bangladesh Army Stadium. He was rushed to CMH, where the on-duty doctor declared him dead. He was 82 years old.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Qayyum Chowdhury
- **image**: Qayyum chudhury.JPG
- **birth date**: March 9, 1932
- **birth place**: Feni District, Feni, Bangladesh
- **death place**: Dhaka, Bangladesh
- **nationality**: Bangladeshi
- **field**: Painting
- **awards**: Ekushey Padak
Dwayne Alons

**Dwayne Arlan Alons** (October 30, 1946 – November 29, 2014) was an American politician. He was the Iowa State Representative from the 4th District. He was a member of the Republican party. Alons served in the Iowa House of Representatives since 1999. He was a Brigadier General in the Iowa Air National Guard and served as Chief of Staff at its headquarters.

Alons died of kidney cancer on November 29, 2014 in Sioux Center, Iowa, aged 68.

## Infobox (state representative)

- **image**: AlonsD85.jpeg
- **image size**: 150px
- **name**: Dwayne Alons
- **state house**: Iowa
- **district**: 4th
- **term start**: January 11, 1999
- **term end**: November 29, 2014
- **prior term**: 5th (1999–2003)
- **predecessor**: Kenneth Veenstra
- **successor**: John Kooiker
- **birth place**: Hull, Iowa, U.S.
- **death place**: Sioux Center, Iowa, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party of Iowa, Republican
- **children**: Kevin, Kyle, Kristin, Karena
- **residence**: Hull, Iowa
- **alma mater**: Northwestern College (Iowa), Northwestern College, University of Arkansas, United States Army War College, Army War College
- **occupation**: Politician, Farmer
- **branch**: Iowa Air National Guard
- **rank**: Brigadier General (retired)
- **website**: [https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislators/legislator?ga=85&personID=6 Alons's website]
- **birth name**: Dwayne Arlan Alons
Joan Feynman

**Joan Feynman** (March 31, 1927 – July 22, 2020)  was an American astrophysicist. Her work focused on solar wind particles and fields; sun-Earth relations; and magnetospheric physics. Feynman was the younger sister of physicist Richard Feynman who, since they were children, encouraged her interest in nature.

Feynman died on July 22, 2020 in Ventura, California from heart failure at the age of 93.

## Other websites

- "My Mother, The Scientist"  Profile from _Popular Science_, reprinted by the American Association for the Advancement of Science

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Joan Feynman
- **image**: Joan_Feynman.jpg
- **birth place**: Far Rockaway, Queens, New York City, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **death place**: Ventura, California, U.S.
- **field**: Astrophysics
- **work institution**: National Center for Atmospheric Research, National Science Foundation, Boston College, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- **alma mater**: Oberlin College
Syracuse University
- **doctoral advisor**: Melvin Lax
- **known for**: Work on Aurora (astronomy), auroras, solar wind
- **prizes**: NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal
El Chavo del Ocho

***El Chavo del Ocho*** is a very popular Mexican sitcom. It was created and written by Roberto Gómez Bolaños. It stars Roberto Gómez Bolaños, María Antonieta de las Nieves, Carlos Villagrán, Florinda Meza, Ramón Valdés, Rubén Aguirre, Édgar Vivar, Raúl Padilla, Ana Lilian de la Macorra, Horacio Gómez Bolaños, and Angelines Fernández. It ran from 1971 through 1980 for 8 seasons.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: El Chavo (simple logo).svg
- **alt name**: El Chavo Del 8 Serie Animada
- **genre**: Sitcom
- **creator**: Chespirito, Roberto Gómez Bolaños
- **writer**: Chespirito, Roberto Gómez Bolaños
- **director**: Enrique Segoviano
Chespirito, Roberto Gómez Bolaños
- **starring**: Chespirito, Roberto Gómez Bolaños
Carlos Villagrán
Ramón Valdés
Florinda Meza
Rubén Aguirre
Édgar Vivar
Angelines Fernández
Horacio Gómez Bolaños
Raúl Padilla, Raúl 'Chato' Padilla
María Antonieta de las Nieves
- **opentheme**: "The Elephant Never Forgets" by Jean-Jacques Perrey
- **country**: Mexico
- **language**: Spanish
- **num seasons**: 8
- **num episodes**: 290
- **list episodes**: List of El Chavo episodes
- **camera**: Thomson TTV-1530 ; General Electric PE350
- **runtime**: 21–26 minutes
- **related**: _El Chavo: The Animated Series_
_30 Anos de Chaves_
- **channel**: Televisión Independiente de México, Televisa
El Chapulín Colorado

***El Chapulín Colorado*** (English: ***The Red Grasshopper***) is a Mexican television comedy series. It was created and written by Roberto Gómez Bolaños. It ran from 1973 to 1979.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: El Chapulín Colorado logo.svg
- **runtime**: 25 minutes (22 minutes for television syndication, syndication)
- **creator**: Chespirito, Roberto Gómez Bolaños (1929-2014)
- **starring**: Chespirito, Roberto Gómez Bolaños
Carlos Villagrán
Ramón Valdés (1972–1979)
Florinda Meza
Rubén Aguirre
Angelines Fernández
Edgar Vivar
María Antonieta de las Nieves
Horácio Gómez Bolaños
Raúl Padilla, Raul "Chato" Padilla
- **opentheme**: Freedom March (1973-1975)
Finale (Tom Sawyer), Finale (1975–1979)
- **country**: Mexico
- **network**: Canal de las Estrellas (Rede Mean,101.3 MEN FM)
- **num seasons**: 8
- **num episodes**: 155
Chespirito (TV series)

***Chespirito***, also known as ***Los Supergenios de la Mesa Cuadrada*** from 1968–1970 and ***Chespirito y la Mesa Cuadrada*** from 1970-1971, is a Mexican sketch comedy show. It aired in Mexico for two periods, 1968–1973 and 1980-1995. The program aired various sketches of characters created by Roberto Gómez Bolaños.

## Infobox (television)

- **alt name**: Los Supergenios de la Mesa Cuadrada
Chespirito y la Mesa Cuadrada
- **image**: Chespirito 1993 text logo.png
- **runtime**: 30 minutes (1968–1973; 1993–1995)
60 minutes (1980–1992; 1994)
- **camera**: Multi-camera setup, Multi-camera
- **creator**: Chespirito, Roberto Gómez Bolaños
- **starring**: Chespirito, Roberto Gómez Bolaños
María Antonieta de las Nieves
Carlos Villagrán (1970–1973)
Florinda Meza (1970–1973; 1980–1990; 1992–1995)
Ramón Valdés (1968–1973; 1981–1982)
Rubén Aguirre (1968–1972; 1980–1995)
Angelines Fernández (1972–1973; 1980–1993)
Edgar Vivar (1972–1973; 1980–1992; 1993–1995)
 Horacio Gómez Bolaños (1980–1995)
Raul Padilla (1982–1994)
Aníbal de Mar (1968–1969)
 Anabel Gutierrez (1969–1973; 1987–1995)
 Moises Suarez (1993–1995)
- **director**: Sergio Peña and Alberto del Bosque (1968-1973) / Chespirito, Roberto Gómez Bolaños and Roberto Gómez Fernández (1980-1995)
- **company**: Televisión Independiente de México, TIM (1968-1973)
Televisa (1980-1995)
- **country**: Mexico
- **language**: Spanish
- **network**: XEQ-TV, XHTM-TV
- **num seasons**: 22
- **num episodes**: 693
Florinda Meza

**Florinda Meza García** (born 8 February 1949) is a Latin American actress, television producer, and screenwriter. She is best known as Doña Florinda in the popular Latin American sitcom _El Chavo del Ocho_, La Chimoltrufia in _Chespirito_, and other various roles in _El Chapulín Colorado_.

Ms. Meza was married to Roberto Gómez Bolaños from 2004 until his death in 2014.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Florinda Meza
- **image**: Florinda Meza.jpg
- **caption**: Meza in 2019
- **birth name**: Florinda Meza García
- **birth place**: Juchipila, Zacatecas, Mexico
- **occupation**: Actress, television producer, screenwriter
- **spouse**: Roberto Gómez Bolaños
(married 2004–2014; his death)
María Antonieta de las Nieves

**María Antonieta Gómez Rodríguez** (born 22 December 1946), more commonly known by her stage name **María Antonieta de las Nieves**, is a Mexican actress, comedienne, and singer. She is known for her role as La Chilindrina in the Mexican sitcom _El Chavo del Ocho_.

## Other websites

- La Chilindrina – Official website
- Maria's bio @ Chespirito.org
- see Maria's work on the shows Chavo del 8 and others by Chespirito
- María Antonieta de las Nieves on Telemundo

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Maria Antonieta de las Nieves
- **image**: MaríaAntonietaDeLasNieves2024.png
- **caption**: De las Nieves in 2024
- **birth name**: María Antonieta Gómez Rodríguez
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **years active**: 1957–2020
- **children**: Verónica Fernández
Gabriel Fernández
Carlos Villagrán

**Carlos Villagrán Eslava** (born 12 January 1944) is a Latin American actor, comedian, and former journalist. He is best known for playing Quico in the Latin American Televisa sitcom _El Chavo del Ocho_ and the Telerey sitcom _¡Ah qué Kiko!_.

In November 2023, it was revealed that Villagran was diagnosed with prostate cancer.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Carlos Villagrán (cropped).jpg
- **name**: Carlos Villagrán
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Carlos Villagrán in 2012
- **birth name**: Carlos Villagrán Eslava
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **occupation**: Actor, comedian, journalist (former)
- **notable works**: Quico in _El Chavo del Ocho_
Ramón Valdés

**Ramón Gómez Valdés de Castillo** (2 September 1924 – 9 August 1988), often credited as **Ramón Valdés**, was a Latin American actor. He was best known for his role of Don Ramón in the popular Latin American sitcom _El Chavo del Ocho_. He was born in Mexico City, Mexico.

Valdés died in Mexico City from stomach cancer, aged 63.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ramón Valdés
- **birth name**: Ramón Antonio Esteban Gómez de Valdés y Castillo
- **image**: Ramón Valdés circa 1950s photograph.jpg
- **caption**: Valdés, s
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **resting place**: Mausoleos del Ángel, Mexico City
- **occupation**: Actor and comedian
- **years active**: 1945–1988
- **notable works**: Don Ramón in _El Chavo del Ocho_
- **family**: Valdés
- **children**: 10
- **signature**: Ramón Valdés signature.svg
Rubén Aguirre

**Rubén Aguirre Fuentes** (; June 15, 1934 – June 17, 2016) was a Native-Latino American businessman, entrepreneur, actor, producer, director, comedian and screenwriter. He was best remembered for his role as Professor Jirafales in the Latin American Televisa's television show _El Chavo del Ocho_.

When he first began looking for acting work, he was told that at 6'8" (2.03 m), he was too tall. He wore size 19 6E shoes. He also had a monstrous wingspan of 7’4” (2.24 m). Native-Latino American comic actor Ruben Aguirre, loved by millions of children and adults across Latin America.

Mr. Aguirre died on June 17, 2016 at his home in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. He died from complications of pneumonia, just two days after his 82nd birthday. He suffered from diabetes which has been said to also been a factor to his death.

## Other websites

- Bio (video) @ Chespirito.org

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rubén Aguirre
- **image**: Rubén Aguirre.png
- **birth name**: Rubén Aguirre Fuentes
- **birth date**: June 15, 1934
- **birth place**: Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
- **death place**: Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
- **children**: 7
- **notable works**: **Professor Jirafales** in _El Chavo, El Chavo del Ocho_
Édgar Vivar

**Dr. Édgar Ángel Vivar Villanueva** (born December 28, 1944) is a Mexican actor. He is best remembered as "Señor Barriga" and his son "Ñoño" from _El Chavo del Ocho_, and as "El Botija" from _El Chapulín Colorado_ and in _Chespirito_.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Edgar Vivar na CCXP 2024, São Paulo, dezembro de 2024 (4) (cropped).jpg
- **name**: Edgar Vivar
- **height**: 5 ft 9 in
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Vivar in December 2024
- **birth name**: Édgar Ángel Vivar Villanueva
- **birth date**: .
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1964–present
Raúl Padilla

**Raúl "Chato" Padilla Mendoza** (June 17, 1918 – February 3, 1994) was a Mexican actor. He was known for his role as Jaimito, el Cartero ("Jaimito, the Mailman") in _El Chavo del Ocho_.

Padilla died in Mexico City, Mexico from a heart attack, aged 75.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Raúl Chato Padilla, Jaimito el Cartero, statue in Mexico (2).png
- **caption**: Statue of Padilla dressed as Jaimito, el cartero, located in Tangamandapio
- **name**: Raúl Padilla Mendoza
- **birth date**: June 17, 1918
- **birth place**: Monterrey, Mexico
- **death date**: February 3, 1994
(aged 75)
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **death cause**: Heart attack
- **years active**: 1951-1994
- **spouse**: Lili Inclán
- **children**: Raúl Padilla "Chóforo".
Pecan pie

**Pecan pies** are sweet pies. They are made mostly with corn syrup and pecans. Some are made with brown sugar, molasses or honey. It also may be topped with ice cream, whipped cream, and similar items.

Pecan pie is often served in the Southern United States with Thanksgiving and Christmas meals. Since there are over 1,000 varieties of pecans, the famous pie has a wide variety of taste.

## Other websites

- https://www.simplyrecipes.com/recipes/pecan_pie/
Horacio Gómez Bolaños

**Horacio Gómez Bolaños** (June 28, 1930 - November 21, 1999) was a Mexican actor. He was the brother of Roberto Gómez Bolaños. On the TV show _El Chavo del 8_, he played the character Godinez.

Bolaños died on November 21, 1999 of a heart attack during the production of a tribute to Chespirito for Televisa, aged 69.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Horacio Gómez Bolaños
- **image**: Horacio Gómez Bolaños.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Horacio Gómez Bolaños in 1994
- **birth date**: June 28, 1930
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **death date**: November 21, 1999 (aged 69)
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **death cause**: Heart attack
- **television**: El Chavo
- **other names**: Godinez
- **occupation**: Film director, actor, screenwriter, comedian
- **years active**: 1971–1980, 1980-1992
- **relations**: Roberto Gómez Bolaños
Angelines Fernández

**María de los Ángeles** "**Angelines**" **Fernández Abad** (30 July 1924 – 25 March 1994) was a Spanish-born Mexican actress. She was best remembered for playing Doña Clotilde "La Bruja del 71" in the Televisa sitcom _El Chavo del Ocho_. She was born in Madrid, Spain.

Fernández died from throat cancer in Mexico City, Mexico, aged 69.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Angelines Fernandez
- **image**: Angelines Fernández circa 1940s photograph (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Fernández, s
- **birth name**: María de los Ángeles Fernández Abad
- **birth place**: Madrid, Spain
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **resting place**: Mausoleos del Ángel, Mexico City
- **nationality**: Spanish, Mexican
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1955–1992
- **known for**: _El Chavo del Ocho_
- **children**: 1
Gustavo Díaz Ordaz

**Gustavo Díaz Ordaz Bolaños** (; 12 March 1911 – 15 July 1979) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He served as the President of Mexico from 1964 to 1970. His distant cousin was comedian Roberto Gomez Bolaños.

Díaz Ordaz died in Mexico City, Mexico on 15 July 1979 from colorectal cancer, aged 68.

## Infobox (president)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
- **image**: Gustavo Diaz Ordaz.JPG
- **caption**: Gustavo Díaz Ordaz in 1968
- **order**: List of heads of state of Mexico, 49th
- **office**: President of Mexico
- **term start**: 1 December 1964
- **term end**: 30 November 1970
- **predecessor**: Adolfo López Mateos
- **successor**: Luis Echeverría
- **order2**: Governor of Puebla
- **term start2**: 1942
- **term end2**: 1945
- **predecessor2**: Carlos I. Betancourt
- **successor2**: Gonzalo Bautista Castillo
- **birth name**: Gustavo Díaz Ordaz Bolaños
- **birth place**: Ciudad Serdán, Puebla, Mexico
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **nationality**: Mexican
- **profession**: politician
- **spouse**: Guadalupe Borja
(m. 1937–1974, her death)
- **party**: Institutional Revolutionary Party
Jean-Jacques Perrey

**Jean-Jacques Perrey** (; January 20, 1929 – November 4, 2016) was a French electronic music producer. He was best known for writing electronic music. He worked with the duo Perrey and Kingsley. He was also known for producing the them "_The Elephant Never Forgets_", used in El Chavo del Ocho and "Baroque Hoedown", used in Main Street Electrical Parade and in El Chapulín Colorado.

Perrey died from complications of lung cancer in Lausanne, Switzerland,  aged 87.

## Other websites

- November 2006 interview with Perrey
- Perrey's official site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jean-Jacques Perrey
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **image**: Jean-Jacques Perrey.jpg
- **caption**: Perrey in 2006.
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Lausanne, Switzerland
- **genre**: Electronic music
- **occupation**: Electronic musician,
Composer
- **years active**: 1953-1983 / 1996-2016
- **instrument**: Synthesizer, Ondioline
- **associated acts**: Perrey and Kingsley, Dana Countryman, Luke Vibert
- **website**: [http://www.jean-jacquesperrey.com/ www.jean-jacquesperrey.com]
Go Seigen

**Wu Qingyuan** (; June 12, 1914 – November 30, 2014), also known as **Go Seigen**, was a Japanese Go player.

He was thought by many other Go players as one of the greatest Go players in its history. Seigen turned 100 in June 2014. Seigen was born in Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

Seigen died in Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan from natural causes, aged 100.
Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores

Brigadier General **Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores** (December 9, 1930 – February 1, 2016) was a Guatemalan politician. He was the 27th President of Guatemala from 8 August 1983 to 14 January 1986.

Victores died in Guatemala City from Parkinson's disease on February 1, 2016 at the age of 85.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Óscar Humberto Mejía
- **order**: 27th President of Guatemala
- **term start**: 8 August 1983
- **term end**: 14 January 1986
- **predecessor**: Efraín Ríos Montt
- **successor**: Vinicio Cerezo
- **birth place**: Guatemala City
- **death place**: Guatemala City
Álvaro Arzú

**Álvaro Enrique Arzú Yrigoyen** (14 March 1946 – 27 April 2018) was a Guatemalan politician. He was the 32nd President of Guatemala from January 14, 1996 until January 14, 2000. He was elected Mayor of Guatemala City five times and served his fifth term from 2004 until his death in 2018.

On April 27, 2018, Arzú suffered a heart attack while playing golf with his son in Guatemala City. He died in the hospital later that day.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Álvaro Arzú
- **image**: Foto oficial de Presidente Álvaro Arzú.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait
- **order**:
- **office**: Mayor of Guatemala City
- **term start**: 14 January 2004
- **term end**: 27 April 2018
- **predecessor**: Fritz García Gallont
- **successor**: Ricardo Quiñónez Lemus
- **order2**:
32nd President of Guatemala
- **office2**: President of Guatemala
- **term start2**: 14 January 1996
- **term end2**: 14 January 2000
- **predecessor2**: Ramiro de León Carpio, Ramiro de León
- **successor2**: Alfonso Portillo
- **order3**:
- **office3**: Mayor of Guatemala City
- **term start3**: 14 January 1986
- **term end3**: 1990
- **predecessor3**: José Angel Lee
Arturo Saravia
- **successor3**: Alvaro Heredia
Óscar Berger, Oscar Berger
- **birth place**: Guatemala City
- **death place**: Guatemala City
- **spouse**: Patricia de Arzú, Patricia Escobar de Arzú
- **party**: National Advancement Party / Unionist Party (Guatemala), Unionist Party
Óscar Berger

**Óscar José Rafael Berger Perdomo** (born 11 August 1946 in Guatemala City) is a Guatemalan politician. He served as President of Guatemala serving from 2004 through 2008.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Óscar Berger
- **image**: Presidente Óscar Berger.jpg
- **order**: 34th President of Guatemala
- **vicepresident**: Eduardo Stein
- **term start**: 14 January 2004
- **term end**: 14 January 2008
- **predecessor**: Alfonso Portillo
- **successor**: Álvaro Colom
- **birth place**: Guatemala City
- **spouse**: Wendy Widmann
- **children**: 5
- **party**: National Solidarity Party (Guatemala)
Grand National Alliance (Guatemala)
- **caption**: Official portrait
Monosodium glutamate

**Monosodium glutamate** (**MSG**), also known as **sodium glutamate**, is the sodium salt of glutamic acid. It is a chemical used to make foods taste better. This works because savory flavors are enhanced. That means the savory flavors are stronger. MSG is found in most foods. It is in higher concentrations in high protein foods such as meat, fish and dairy products. It has the E number of 621. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classed MSG as a food additive that is "generally recognized as safe". However, the FDA requires that it be listed on the label. It is banned in the UK after a thorough examination of the contents, and the context of what it's being used in.
Sergio Corona

**Sergio Corona Ortega** (born October 7, 1928) is a Mexican television and movie actor and comedian of the Golden Age Of Mexican Cinema. He has appeared in over 50 telenovelas. Corona is known for his roles as Don Tomas Leon in the Mexican telenovela _Como dice el dicho_ and as Don Boni in _Plaza Sésamo_ (Spanish version of _Sesame Street_). He also appeared as a bellboy in the 1989 James Bond movie _License to Kill_.

Corona was born in Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sergio Corona
- **image**: Sergio Corona - Premio Luz de Plata 2018.jpg
- **caption**: Sergio Corona in 2018
- **birth name**: Sergio Corona Ortega
- **birth place**: Pachuca, Hidalgo (state), Hidalgo, Mexico
- **occupation**: Actor, comedian
- **years active**: 1950-present
Aqueous solution

An **aqueous solution** is a solution where the solvent is water. In a chemical equation it is written by adding (aq) to the formula. A solution of ordinary table salt in water would be written as NaCl(aq). NaCl is the part that means table salt. The word _aqueous_ means being dissolved in water. Water is a solvent. It is found all over the place. Water is a solvent in chemistry.
Luc De Vos

**Luc De Vos** (12 July 1962 – 29 November 2014) was a Belgian musician and writer. He was best known as the lead singer of the Alternative Dutch language rock group Gorki. He also voiced Fillmore in the Flemish version of the Disney movie Cars. He was born in Evergem, Belgium.

Vos died from acute multiple organ failure in Ghent, Belgium, aged 52.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Luc De Vos
- **image**: Luc de Vos (14535292245).jpg
- **caption**: Luc de Vos in 2014
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Luc De Vos
- **birth place**: Evergem, Belgium
- **death place**: Ghent, Belgium
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **occupation**: Musician, singer, songwriter, writer, voice actor
- **years active**: 1989–2014
- **label**: Virgin Records, Sony Music Entertainment, Play It Again, Sam (record label), PIAS
- **associated acts**: Gorki (band), Gorky, Gorki, Automatic Buffalo, Luc De Vos Solo
Mother (novel)

***Mother*** (__) is a novel written by Maxim Gorky in 1906. It is about an uneducated woman who began to take on extreme political beliefs. It was translated into many languages, many movies are also inspired by it.

- _Mother_ (1926), directed by Vsevolod Pudovkin
- _Mother_ (1956), directed by Mark Donskoy
- _Mother_ (1990), directed by Gleb Panfilov

The play _The Mother_ by German playwright Bertolt Brecht is based on this novel.
Demaratus

**Demaratus** () was a co-king of Sparta from 515 until 491 BC. He succeeded his father Ariston as king.

In 491 Demaratus and his co-king Cleomenes I became bitter rivals. Cleomenes plotted to have his kinsman Leotychides replace Demaratus as king. Cleomenes bribed the Oracle of Delphi to say that Demaratus was not actually the son of Ariston. Demaratus lost his kingship. But he still held a position as a magistrate in Sparta. After being ridiculed by the king over no longer being a king himself, Demaratus went into exile. He went to Darius I of Persia who gave him cities to rule over. Demaratus later went with king Xerxes I on his invasion of Greece in 480 BC. He warned Xerxes not to underestimate the Spartans before the Battle of Thermopylae.
These Boots Are Made for Walkin'

"**These Boots Are Made For Walkin**'“ is a song sung by Nancy Sinatra. It was released in early 1966.
Analog television

**Analog television** is broadcasting television programming using analog signals. Before digital television, all broadcasters used analog signals.

Analog television can be wireless or can be over a cable television network.

Many countries have changed from analog to digital television. Others are in the process of changing, and some have not started changing.

## Switchover to digital TV

In 2008, the FCC in the US said that all full power stations needed to switch to digital by the 13th February 2009. Most had already been running digital channels alongside the analog version. Satellite, cable, and users with low power did not need to make the change at the time. The FCC gave people up to 2 $40 coupons to buy converter boxes between January 2008 and March 2009.

In the UK, regions began changing to digital terrestrial television in 2007. The regional phase ended in 2012. Northern Ireland was the last place to replace analog in the UK on the morning of 24th of October 2012.

Some people were worried that because some digital channels didn't have subtitles, that some people would have difficulty understanding what was happening. The London Olympic Games were meant to be held soon, which also made people worried that the timetable would affect people's ability to watch it if they did not make the switch completely.

Meanwhile in the US, two years after all of the full power analog TV stations were shut down, the FCC, on July 15, 2011 made the schedule for low power television.  The last ones were in Alaska, and converted in January 2022.

## Related pages

- Digital radio
- Digital television
- Digital satellite television and radio
- Digital terrestrial television and radio
- Digital cable television and radio
- Black and white
Simon Says

The game of **Simon Says** is a childrens game. It is played in many parts of the world.

## How to play

One player is "Simon" and gives instructions to other players. Players should only follow instructions if "Simon" first says, "Simon says...". Players are eliminated if they follow any instruction that does not begin with "Simon says..." Examples would be instructions such as "Simon says touch your nose" or "Simon says jump on one foot". Players are eliminated until just one is left. The winner of the game is the player who has followed all the instructions correctly.
Digital television

**Digital television** is television broadcasting using digital signals. With digital television, more than one program can be sent at a time in the same channel bandwidth. It also provides a cleaner looking picture than analog.

Digital television has replaced analog television in many countries. These countries include Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States.

## Related pages

- Digital terrestrial television
Fred Catherwood

**Sir Henry Frederick Ross Catherwood** (31 January 1925 – 30 November 2014) was a British politician and writer.

Catherwood was born at Castledawson, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and Clare College, Cambridge.

He was former Director General of the National Economic Development Council, and president of the Evangelical Alliance.

He was elected as a Conservative member of the European Parliament for Cambridgeshire and related areas from 1979 until his retirement in 1994.  He was Vice President of the European Parliament 1989-1992.

He married Elizabeth, the daughter of Christian pastor and author Martyn Lloyd-Jones. Their son Christopher Catherwood is an author. Fred Catherwood died in Cambridge, England on 30 November 2014 at the age of 89.
Martin Litton

**Martin Litton** (February 13, 1917 – November 30, 2014) was an American environmental activist and editor. He was a Grand Canyon river runner. Litton was best known as a staunch opponent of the construction of Glen Canyon Dam and other dams on the Colorado River.

On November 30, 2014, Litton died at his home in Palo Alto, California, aged 97.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Martin Litton
- **image**: Drspix-Martin-Litton-4907.jpg
- **caption**: Martin Litton. Palo Alto, California.  September 2009
- **birth place**: California, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Palo Alto, California, Palo Alto, California, U.S.
- **known for**: Opposition to the Glen Canyon Dam
- **occupation**: River runner, environmentalism, environmental activist, editor
Jarbom Gamlin

**Jarbom Gamlin** (16 April 1961 – 30 November 2014) was an Indian politician. He was the leader of the Indian National Congress political party in Arunachal Pradesh. He was the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh serving from May 2011 through October 2011.

Gamlin died from liver thrombosis in Gurgaon, Assam, aged 53.

## Infobox (indian politician)

- **image**: JarbomGamlin.jpg
- **residence**: Along, Arunachal Pradesh, Along
- **alma mater**: Sainik School, Goalpara
- **death place**: Gurgaon, Haryana
- **occupation**: Politician
- **profession**: Political Leader
- **nationality**: Indian
- **party**: Indian National Congress
- **spouse**: Shakuntala Doley Gamlin and Dr. Moter Jini Gamlin
- **children**: 3 daughters and 1 son
- **office**: 7th Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh
- **term start1**: 5 May 2011
- **term end1**: 31 October 2011
- **predecessor1**: Dorjee Khandu
- **successor1**: Nabam Tuki
Sita Murt

**Sita Murt** (; 1946 – 1 December 2014) was a Catalan fashion designer and businesswoman. She was born in Barcelona, Spain. She was known for designing soft clothing and for producing the clothes in the movie _Vicky Christina Barcelona_.

Murt died from cancer in Barcelona, Spain, aged 68.
Stellinha Egg

**Stella Maria Egg**, baptismal name of **Stellinha Egg** (July 18, 1914 - June 17, 1991), was a Brazilian singer and composer.

She was married to maestro Lindolfo Gaya and musical partner of Luiz Gonzaga, Dorival Caymmi, Silvio Caldas, among others.

## Career

Stella Maria Egg was born in Curitiba on July 18, 1914. After her husband died in the 80s, she returned to Curitiba, leaving behind their concerts. She died in Curitiba on June 17, 1991, when she was 77 years old.
Adriana Caselotti

**Adriana Caselotti** (May 6, 1916 – January 18, 1997) was an American voice actress and a singer. She voiced Snow White in _Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs_ in 1937.

Caselotti was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut. She died in Los Angeles, California of respiratory failure from lung cancer.
Dorothy Morris

**Dorothy Morris** (February 23, 1922 – November 20, 2011) was an American actress. She played roles of "the girl next door". She played Sue in _Cry Havoc_. She played Edith Bryant in _This Time for Keeps_.

Morris was born in Los Angeles, California. She died at age eighty-nine in Palm Springs, California
Denise Darcel

**Denise Darcel** (born **Denise Billecard**; 8 September 1924 – 23 December 2011) was a French actress. She made movies in Hollywood. She played Gigi Mignon in _Dangerous When Wet_. She played Countess Marie in the movie _Vera Cruz_.

Darcel was born in Paris, France. She died at age 87 in Los Angeles, California from emergency surgery to repair a torn aneurysm.
Romford railway station

**Romford Railway Station** is a major interchange station in Romford, Havering in Greater London. The station is located on the Great Eastern Main Line.

Services that call at the station are operated by Abellio Greater Anglia, London Overground and TfL Rail. Services that stop at Romford are the Liverpool Street-Shenfield 'metro' services (TfL Rail) and Romford-Upminster services (London Overground). There are also long distance Abellio Greater Anglia services that stop at Romford to and from Southend Victoria and Colchester Town. Crossrail delivered in 2002 but is due to call at the station in 2018. It will replace the current Liverpool Street-Shenfield service.

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Romford
- **manager**: TfL Rail
- **fare zone**: 6
- **borough**: London Borough of Havering, Havering
- **platforms**: 5
- **railexits0708**: 8.373
- **railexits0809**: 7.310
- **railexits0910**: 6.736
- **railexits1011**: 6.817
- **railexits1112**: 7.000
- **railexits1213**: 7.446
Clacton-on-sea railway station

**Clacton-on-Sea railway station** is a railway station in England. It serves the town of Clacton-on-Sea in Essex. The station is near the town centre. It is within walking distance from the pier and sea. The station is on the Sunshine Coast Line. Services run to/from Colchester and Liverpool Street.

## Infobox (uk station)

- **name**: Clacton-on-Sea
- **code**: CLT
- **manager**: Greater Anglia
- **locale**: Clacton-on-Sea
- **borough**: Tendring, Essex
- **usage1011**: 0.714
- **usage1112**: 0.753
- **usage1213**: 0.743
- **platforms**: 4
- **start**: 1860
Yonne (river)

The **Yonne** is a river in the northern half of France. It flows mainly through the western part of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region, giving its name to the Yonne department and to several _communes_. It is the main left tributary of the Seine river.

The river was named during the Roman Empire as _Icauna_, a Latin word that likely came from the Celtic name for the river.

## Geography

The Yonne river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 91.70 cubic metres per second at Courlon-sur-Yonne.

||
| --- |
|**Average monthly discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) at Courlon-sur-Yonne (54 years)**|

### Course

The source of the Yonne is on the _Prénely_ mountain on the southern end of the _Morvan_ hills in the Glux-en-Glenne _commune_, Nièvre department, at an altitude of about .

The Yonne flows, in general, from the southeast to the northwest and passes through the 115 _communes_, most of them in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region; the main _communes_ are:
- Nièvre (58): Corbigny, Clamecy
- Yonne (89): Auxerre, Joigny, Sens, Pont-sur-Yonne, Villeneuve-sur-Yonne
- Seine-et-Marne (77): Montereau-Fault-Yonne

Finally, it flows, as a left tributary, into the Seine river in the town of Montereau-Fault-Yonne, at  of altitude.

## Main tributaries

The main tributaries of the Yonne are:
- Left tributary
    - Beuvron - 40.5 km;
- Right tributaries
    - Cure - 112.2 km;
    - Serein - 188.2 km;
    - Armançon - 202.1 km;
    - Vanne - 58.7 km;

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France

## Other websites

- Banque Hydro - Station H2721010 - L'Yonne à Courlon-sur-Yonne (Synthèse)

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Yonne
- **image**: 1240-Auxerre.jpg
- **image caption**: The Yonne in Auxerre
- **map**: Yonne.png
- **source1 location**: Morvan
- **mouth location**: Seine
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: France
Barbara Kent

**Barbara Cloutman** (later **Barbara Kent**; December 16, 1907 – October 13, 2011) was a Canadian-born and American-based actress of the 1920s and 1930s. She played Lotus in _Chinatown after Dark_. She played Amelia in the movie _Vanity Fair_ (1932).

Kent was born in Alberta, Canada. She died at 103 in Palm Desert, California.
Chiltern Hills

The **Chiltern Hills** are chalk hills in southern England. They go 70 mi (115 km) southwest to northeast through parts of Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hertfordshire, and Bedfordshire. This makes a well-marked escarpment to the northwest and a gentle southeast slope to the River Thames.

Considerable areas are now under the National Trust and are popular tourist attractions. The greatest elevation is Coombe Hill (852 ft [260 m]) near Wendover. The dense beechwoods still cover the western portions. They were once the basis of the traditional furniture industry of High Wycombe. Several passes through the Chiltern Hills are used by roads and railways to London.
Horacio Cartes

**Horacio Manuel Cartes Jara** (born 5 July 1956) is an Paraguayan politician. He served as President of Paraguay from 2013 through 2018.

Cartes won the 2013 presidential election in Paraguay on 21 April 2013 and took office as President on 15 August 2013.

Horacio Cartes is the owner of _"Grupo Cartes"_, a conglomerate of approximately two dozen of companies. He has also been president of the football club Club Libertad since 2001

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Horacio Cartes
- **image**: Horacio Cartes con banda.jpg
- **office**: President of Paraguay
- **term start**: August 15, 2013
- **term end**: August 15, 2018
- **vicepresident**: Juan Afara
- **predecessor**: Federico Franco
- **successor**: Mario Abdo Benítez
- **birth place**: Asunción, Paraguay
- **party**: Colorado Party (Paraguay), Colorado Party
- **spouse**: María Montaña de Cartes
- **children**: Juan Pablo
Sofía
María Sol
- **residence**: Mburuvichá Roga (official)
Barrio Santo Domingo, Asunción (private)
Mario Abramovich

**Mario Abramovich** (31 October 1926 – 1 December 2014) was an Argentine violinist and composer of Jewish descent. He was a member of the group Sexteto Mayor since its founding in 1973, until his death in 2014. He was known for performing in the Argentine album _Bête Noire_.

Abramovich died in Buenos Aires, Argentina, aged 88.

## Other websites

- "Celos". Contiene un solo de violin de Mario Abramovich.
- Historias de oro. Entrevista en la 2x4 a Mario Abramovich

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mario Abramovich
- **image**: Abramovich el dia de su casamiento.jpg
- **caption**: Abramovich (right), with wife
- **image size**: 150px
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Mario Abramovich
- **birth place**: Argentina
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **instrument**: Violin
- **genre**: Tango
- **occupation**: Violinist, composer
- **associated acts**: Sexteto Mayor, National Team Tango
Bobby Keys

**Robert Henry "Bobby" Keys** (December 18, 1943 – December 2, 2014) was an American saxophone player. He performed with other musicians as a member of several horn sections of the 1970s. He appears on albums by The Rolling Stones, Lynyrd Skynyrd, The Who, Harry Nilsson, Delaney Bramlett, George Harrison, Eric Clapton and Joe Cocker, amongst other notable musicians. Keys was a touring musician from 1956 until his death in 2014. Keys was born in Slaton, Texas.

Keys had cancer and liver failure. He died at his home in Franklin, Tennessee on December 2, 2014, aged 70.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Bobby Keys
- **image**: Bobby Keys October 31, 2009 at Fitzgerald's.jpg
- **caption**: Keys performing in October 2009
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: Slaton, Texas, United States
- **death place**: Franklin, Tennessee, United States
- **instrument**: Saxophone
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, jazz
- **occupation**: Session musician
- **years active**: 1956–2014
- **associated acts**: The Rolling Stones, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Buddy Holly, Elvis Presley, Keith Richards, Eric Clapton, Delaney & Bonnie, George Harrison, Ringo Starr, Warren Zevon, Joe Ely, Sheryl Crow, John Lennon, Leon Russell, Plastic Ono Band, Harry Nilsson
Twist bread

**Twist bread** is a type of bread rolled into a long sausage shape and twisted over a stick.  It is then baked over an open fire.

The dough is made like ordinary bread dough with yeast as a leavening agent.

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Twist bread
- **image**: Twist bread made during a Scouts Camp.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Baking twist bread over an open fire
- **alternate name**: Stick bread, campfire bread
- **type**: Bread
- **main ingredient**: Dough with leavening agent (usually yeast)
Ibrahim Lodi

**Ibrahim Lodi** (died 21 April 1526) was the last Sultan of Delhi as well as the final ruler from the Lodi dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.

## Reign

Ibrahim attained the throne upon the passing of his father, Sikandar Khan Lodi but was faced with numerous rebellions from his own nobility.

Sultan Ibrahim Lodi fought Babur at Panipat in 1526. He refused to leave the battlefield upon imminent defeat and died as a king killed in action after fighting on bravely. Babur paid tribute to his gallantry by burying him on the spot with honour.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Ibrahim Khan Lodi
- **image**: Ibrahim lodhi (2).jpg
- **succession**: 31st Lodi dynasty, Sultan of Delhi
- **reign**: 21 November 1517 – 21 April 1526

- **coronation**: 21 November 1517, Agra
- **predecessor**: Sikandar Lodi, Sikandar Khan
- **successor**: Babur (as Mughal Empire, Mughal Emperor)
- **full name**: Ibrahim Khan Lodi bin Sikander Khan Lodi bin Bahlol Khan Lodi bin Malik Kala Khan Lodi bin Malik Bahram Khan Lodi
- **royal house**: Lodi dynasty, Lodi
- **father**: Sikandar Lodi, Sikandar Khan Lodi
- **religion**: Sunni Islam
- **birth place**: Delhi, Delhi Sultanate, Sultanate of India
- **death date**: 21 April 1526
 (aged of 45–46)
- **death place**: Panipat
St Nicholas Day

**Saint Nicholas Day** is the feast day of Saint Nicholas. It is on December 6 (December 19 in most Orthodox countries).  It is a festival for children in many countries around Europe related to surviving legends of Saint Nicholas.  The American Santa Claus, as well as the British Father Christmas, are based on these legends. "Santa Claus" is based in part from the Dutch _Sinterklaas_.
Saint Nicholas in different countries travels with different people. He may travel with Angels, Krampus, and others.
Julio Velasco

**Julio Velasco** (born February 9, 1952 in La Plata, Argentina) is a professional volleyball coach from Argentina. He guided the Italian national men's team to several successes in the 1990s. After the 1996 Summer Olympics, where the Italians won silver, he switched to the Italian women's team (1996–1997). In 2011, Velasco was signed as the head coach of the Iran men's national team. He became coach of the Argentina men's national team before his contract expired with the Iranian national team on 1 March 2014. The President of Argentina asked him to take this job. The change was approved by the Iranian volleyball confederation.

## Other websites

- Coach profile