Herman Kahn

**Herman Kahn** (February 15, 1922 – July 7, 1983) was one of the most famous futurists of the second half of the twentieth century. His theories helped to develop the nuclear strategy of the United States.

## Career

Kahn, a man of "captivating personality and large intellectual gifts", worked for the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, as a military strategist (19481958). He was a founder of the Hudson Institute think tank. This gives ideas and consultations for the U.S. government and military chiefs, and for business clients.

He was known for analyzing the likely consequences of nuclear war and recommending ways to improve survivability. His key idea was that the threat of nuclear war could be controlled by the use of carefully graded deterrence. In order to get his ideas across he ran two-day seminars which included role-playing in various scenarios. His ideas, when published in _On Thermonuclear War_, caused a sensation.

- "At the minimum, an adequate deterrent for the United States must ... persuade [the Soviets] that, no matter how skillful or ingenious they were, an attack on the United States would lead to a very high risk if not certainty of large-scale destruction to Soviet civil society and military forces".

However, responses must be proportionate, because if one threatened all-out war as a response for some rather modest misbehaviour, then the threat was simply not believable, and would not work. The need to think things through in detail was the topic of his second book, _Thinking about the Unthinkable_.

Kahn was less successful later in his career when he turned his attention to general economics and politics. His ideas on Japan seemed good at the time, but now seem to be not quite right. He predicted that Japan would become the world's third superstate and a military superpower following the decline of the United Kingdom as a superpower. This he based on Japan's record after 1946, which was spectacular, with quality production and undercutting markets in the older economies. As it turned out, Japan's economy stalled in the 1980s, and has never recovered its previous growth rate. The role he predicted for Japan is now filled by China, a country with a huge reserve of poorly-paid workers and significant military forces. However, Japan has the second largest economy in the region, and now has good relations with the U.S.A.

## Publications

Works written by Kahn include:
- 1960. _On thermonuclear war_. Princeton University Press.
- 1962. _Thinking about the unthinkable_. Horizon Press.
- 1965. _On escalation: metaphors and scenarios_. Praeger. https://books.google.com/books?id=0No5uIPpD8AC
- 1967. _The Year 2000: a framework for speculation on the next thirty-three years_. MacMillan. . With Anthony Wiener.
- 1968 _Can we win in Viet Nam?_. Praeger. Kahn with four other authors: Gastil, Raymond D.; Pfaff, William; Stillman, Edmund; Armbruster, Frank E.
- 1970. _The Emerging Japanese Superstate: challenge and response_. Prentice Hall.
- 1971. _The Japanese challenge: The success and failure of economic success_. Morrow; Andre Deutsch.
- 1972. _Things to come: thinking about the seventies and eighties_. Macmillan. . With B. Bruce-Briggs.
- 1973. _Herman Kahnsciousness: the megaton ideas of the one-man think tank_. New American Library. Selected and edited by Jerome Agel.
- 1974. _The future of the corporation_. Mason & Lipscomb.
- 1976. _The next 200 Years: a scenario for America and the world_. Morrow.
- 1979. _World economic development: 1979 and beyond_. William Morrow; Croom Helm. . With Hollender, Jeffrey, and Hollender, John A.
- 1981. _Will she be right? The future of Australia_. University of Queensland Press. . With Thomas Pepper.
- 1983. _The Coming Boom: economic, political, and social_. Simon & Schuster; Hutchinson.
- 1984. _Thinking about the unthinkable in the 1980s_. New York: Simon and Schuster.  https://books.google.com/books?id=DVsaUFPUv4AC

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Herman Kahn
- **image**: Interview with Herman Kahn, author of On Escalation, May 11, 1965.jpg
- **caption**: Interview with Herman Kahn, author of _On Escalation_, May 11, 1965
- **birth date**: February 15, 1922
- **birth place**: Bayonne, New Jersey
- **death place**: Chappaqua, New York (state), New York
- **known for**: _On Thermonuclear War_
_Thinking about the Unthnkable_
- **occupation**: futurist, military strategist, systems theorist