juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Roma Termini railway station

**Roma Termini**   is the main railway station of Rome, Italy. It is named after the district of the same name, which took its name from ancient Baths of Diocletian (in Latin, _thermae_), which is across the street from the main entrance. It is Italy's busiest railway station and the fifth-busiest in Europe, with about 150 million passengers per year, and with 850 trains in transit per day.

## Overview

The station has regular train services to all major Italian cities, as well as daily international services to Munich, Geneva, and Vienna. With 32 platforms, Roma Termini is the joint largest railway station in Europe, tied with Paris' Gare du Nord and Munich's München Hbf.

Termini is also the main hub for public transport in Rome. Two Rome Metro lines (A and B) meet at Termini metro station, and a major bus station is located at Piazza dei Cinquecento, the square in front of the station. The main tram lines of the city cross at Porta Maggiore, some  east of the station.

On 23 December 2006, the station was dedicated to Pope John Paul II.

## Infobox (station)

- **name**: Roma Termini
- **image**: Roma-Termini--Italy--at-night.JPG
- **address**: Piazzale dei Cinquecento
00185 Rome
- **country**: Italy
- **coordinates**: ,
- **owned**: Rete Ferroviaria Italiana
- **operator**: Grandi Stazioni
- **platforms**: 32
- **iata**: XRJ
München Hauptbahnhof

**München Hauptbahnhof** or **Munich Central Station** is the main railway station in the city of Munich, Germany. It is one of the three stations with long-distance services in Munich, the others being Munich East station (_München Ost_) and Munich-Pasing station (_München-Pasing_). München Hauptbahnhof has about 450,000 passengers a day, which puts it on par with other large stations in Germany, such as Hamburg Hauptbahnhof and Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof. It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 1 station, one of 21 in Germany and two in Munich, the other being _München Ost_. The mainline station is a terminal station with 32 platforms. The subterranean S-Bahn with 2 platforms and U-Bahn stations with 6 platforms are through stations.

The first Munich station was built about  to the west in 1839. A station at the current site was opened in 1849 and it has been rebuilt numerous times.  The main station building was badly damaged during World War II.

## Location

The station is located close to Munich's city centre in the north of the borough of Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt. The main entrance to the east of the station is via the Prielmayerstraße or Bayerstraße to Karlsplatz (Stachus). In the station forecourt (_Bahnhofsplatz_) in front of the main entrance are tram stops on several lines.

The station is bordered to the north by Arnulfstraße and to the west by Paul-Heyse-Straße, which passes through a tunnel near the end of the platforms. The station is bordered to the south by Bayerstraße. The station precinct extends some distance to the west and ends at Donnersbergerbrücke.

## Reconstruction

The proposal for an extensive reconstruction project of Hauptbahnhof was launched in 2015 with planning approved in 2017 and 2018.  It should be finished by 2028.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **stroke-colour**: #C60C30
- **stroke-width**: 3
- **marker**: rail-underground
- **marker-colour**: #009D58
- **zoom**: 14


## Infobox (station)

- **name**: München Hauptbahnhof
- **type**: Railway station types in Germany, Hbf
- **image**: File:Hauptbahnhof-Muenchen-03-2018a.jpg
- **caption**: The entrance building (demolished in 2019)
- **address**: Bayerstraße, 80335 München, Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt, Munich, Bavaria
- **country**: Germany
- **owned**: Deutsche Bahn
- **platform**: 17 island platforms
- **tracks**: 32 above ground; 2 S-Bahn; 6 U-Bahn
- **iata**: ZMU
- **zone**: : M
- **website**: *[https://www.bahnhof.de/en/muenchen-hbf www.bahnhof.de]
*[http://www.stationsdatenbank.bayern-takt.de/StationsdatenbankBEG/Steckbrief.html?lang=en&efz=8000261 stationsdatenbank.de]
- **opened**: ;
moved to current location in
- **passengers**: 450,000 per day (total), of which 165,500 on S-Bahn
- **pass year**: 2007–08
- **services collapsible**: yes
- **map type**: Bavaria#Germany#Europe
- **map dot label**: München
- **map caption**: Location in Bavaria##Location in Germany##Location in Europe
Rail transport in Hungary

**Rail transport in Hungary** is mainly owned by the national rail company MÁV, with part of the network owned and operated by GySEV.

The railway network is 7,893 km, its gauge is  and 3,060 km is electrified.

Hungary is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC country code for Hungary is 55.

## Statistics

- Railway lines total:
    - Standard gauge:
    - Broad gauge:  of
    - Narrow gauge:

The standard and broad gauge railways are operated by the State Railways and also the following narrow gauge railways: Nyíregyháza–Balsai Tisza part/Dombrád; Balatonfenyves–Somogyszentpál; Kecskemét–Kiskunmajsa/Kiskőrös and the Children's Railway in Budapest. All the other narrow gauge railways are run by State Forest companies or local non-profit organisations.

## Infobox (rail network)

- **name**: Hungary
- **nationalrailway**: Hungarian State Railways, Magyar Államvasutak
- **ridership**: 110 million <small>(2017)</small>
- **notunnels**: 21
- **longesttunnel**: Kopár-hágó tunnel
 <small></small>
- **longestbridge**: Nagyrákos viadukt
 <small></small>
- **map**:
Hungarian State Railways

**Hungarian State Railways** () is the Hungarian national railway company, with divisions "MÁV START Zrt." (passenger services), and "Utasellátó" (onboard catering). The head office is in Budapest.

## History

Construction of Hungary's first railway line began in the second half of 1844. The first steam locomotive railway line was opened on 15 July 1846 between Pest and Vác.

By 1910 MÁV was one of the largest European railway companies.

In the 2010s Hungary received large EU funds to modernize its rail network.

## Infobox (rail)

- **railroad name**: Magyar Államvasutak Zrt.
- **logo filename**: Flag of the Hungarian State Railways.svgborder
- **logo size**: 150px
- **logo alt**: Flag of the Hungarian State Railways
- **system map**: Railway map of Hungary.png
- **map caption**: Railway network
- **map size**: 250px
- **image**: MAV Talent.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **image caption**: A MÁV Bombardier Talent waiting to depart at Déli pályaudvar
- **locale**: Hungary
- **start year**: 1869
- **predecessor line**: Hungarian Royal State Railways
- **hq city**: Budapest
Budapest Keleti station

**Budapest Keleti station** (; "eastern railway station") is the main international and inter-city railway terminal in Budapest, Hungary.

The station stands where Rákóczi Avenue splits to become Kerepesi Avenue and Thököly Avenue. Its name in 1891 originates not only from its position as the easternmost of the city's rail termini, but for its original role as a terminus of the lines from eastern Hungary including Transylvania, and the Balkans. In contrast, the Nyugati (western) railway station used to serve lines toward Vienna and Paris.

## Architecture

The building was designed in eclectic style by Gyula Rochlitz and János Feketeházy and built between 1881 and 1884.  The main façade has two statues depicting James Watt and George Stephenson.  Inside the station are frescos by Karoly Lotz.

Budapest Keleti has seven platforms serving thirteen tracks.

## Infobox (station)

- **name**: Budapest Keleti station
- **native name**: Keleti pályaudvar
- **native name lang**: hu
- **image**: File:14-05-06-budapest-RalfR-11.jpg
- **image caption**: Budapest Keleti viewed from the west
- **address**: Kerepesi út 2-4
1087 Budapest
- **country**: Hungary
- **connections**: Metro:
Tram:  24
- **architect**: Gyula Rochlitz
- **platforms**: 7
- **tracks**: 13
- **owned**: Hungarian State Railways, Hungarian State Railways (MÁV)
- **iata**: XXQ
- **services collapsible**: yes
Rail transport in Bulgaria

**Rail transport in Bulgaria** services are operated by the Bulgarian State Railways. The infrastructure is owned by National Railway Infrastructure Company.

## History

The Ruse – Pliska - Varna, the first Bulgarian railway line, was started in 1864. The Ottoman government had contracted an English company to build it. The line, which was 223 km long, was opened in 1866.

In 1870 Baron Maurice de Hirsch started building the Constantinople – Luleburgaz - Edirne - Svilengrad - Plovdiv - Pazardzhik - Belovo railway line. It was completed three years later.

In 1885, the National Assembly passed the Railway Act. Railways in Bulgaria were considered state property and were to be operated by the state. In 1888 Stefan Stambolov's government took over the Vakarel – Belovo railway line. It was built and previously operated by Vitalis. On 1 August, the whole of the Tsaribrod (now Dimitrovgrad, Serbia) – Sofia – Belovo railway line was opened for international traffic. The state bought the Ruse – Varna railway line and started operating it on 10 August. The Bulgarian State Railways were set up. An independent Ministry of Railways, Post Offices and Telegraphs was established in 1912, followed by the State Railway School in 1923.

The scenic Septemvri-Dobrinishte narrow gauge line was finished in 1945. It goes through the station of Avramovo, which is the highest railway station on the Balkans at 1267.4 meters. Further on, it passes through the tourist centre of Bansko. The line is 760mm gauge, unelectrified, and is primarily served by diesel locomotives. There are also well preserved steam locomotives that run tours. Even though it is very attractive to tourists, it is also widely used by the local people.

## Infobox (rail network)

- **name**: Rail transport in Bulgaria
- **image**: Desiro on the Sofia-Lakatnik line, 14 February 2012.jpg
- **caption**: A Siemens Desiro near Thompson, Bulgaria, Thompson
- **nationalrailway**: Bulgarian State Railways
- **infrastructure**: National Railway Infrastructure Company
- **length**: (as of 31 Dec 2012)
- **el**: 25 kV AC railway electrification, 25 kV AC, 50 Hertz, Hz Overhead line, OHLE
- **map**:
- **mapcaption**: Map of the Bulgarian railway network
Sofia Central Station

The **Sofia Central Railway Station** is the main passenger railway station of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. It is the largest railway station in the country. It is l1 km north of the city centre after Lavov most, on Marie Louise Boulevard next to the Central Bus Station Sofia. It was completely renovated in 2016.

## History

The original building of the **Sofia Railway Station** was opened on 1 August 1888 to serve the Tsaribrod-Sofia-Vakarel line. It was the first line of the Bulgarian State Railways entirely built by Bulgarian engineers. It was a one-storey building, 96 m long and 12 m wide. It had a small clock tower looking towards Vitosha on the façade.

The old building was completely demolished on 15 April 1974.  A new brutalist Central Railway Station had begun in 1971.  It has two underground and three overground storeys and 365 premises. It was built of mainly white marble.  It was renovated again in 2016.

Between January and July 2004 the Central Railway Station in Sofia served 2,323,844 passengers. That was 11.8% of all passengers in the country's railway network. An average 10,910 people pass through the station daily. An average of 84 trains arrive and 82 depart. The station has 30 ticket offices and 5 electronic timetable displays.

## Infobox (station)

- **name**: Sofia Central Station
- **native name**: Централна гара София
- **type**: Railway station
- **native name lang**: bg
- **image**: Central Railway Station Sofia 2012 PD 36.jpg
- **image caption**: Central Railway Station in Sofia
- **address**: 102 Knyaginya Maria Luiza Blvd.
- **country**: Sofia, Bulgaria
- **line**: Kalotina, Kalotina Zapad – Svilengrad railway station, Svilengrad Granitsa
Sofia – Varna railway station, Varna
Iliyantsi – Varna, Bulgaria, Varna Feribotna
Sofia – Kulata
Sofia – Gyueshevo
- **other**: Ruse, Bulgaria, Ruse, Stara Zagora, Burgas, Vidin, Yambol, Mezdra
- **structure**: At-grade
- **platform**: 6
- **levels**: 2
- **tracks**: 13
- **parking**: Yes
- **bicycle**: Yes
- **opened**: 1 August 1888
- **rebuilt**: 6 September 1974
- **electrified**: 27 April 1963
- **code**: SF (СФ)
- **owned**: National Railway Infrastructure Company, NRIC
Bulgarian State Railways

**Bulgarian State Railways** is Bulgaria's state railway company and the largest railway carrier in the country, established in 1888. The company's headquarters are  in the capital Sofia. Since the 1990s the BDŽ has met serious competition from automotive transport. Up to 2002 the company also owned/managed the state railway (up to  total of  &  (Septemvri to Dobrinishte only) track gauge railway tracks) infrastructure in the country. EU regulations required a new state company, the National Railway Infrastructure Company, to be owner of the infrastructure.

Bulgaria is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Bulgaria is 52.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Bulgarian State Railways Holding
- **native name**: Холдинг Български държавни железници
- **romanized name**: Balgarski darzhavni zheleznitsi Holding
- **logo**: Bulgarian National Railways.svg
- **type**: Government-owned corporation
- **industry**: Transport
- **foundation**: 1888
- **location city**: Sofia
- **location country**: Bulgaria
- **area served**: Bulgaria
- **key people**: Georgi Drumev
- **services**: railway passenger and freight transportation
- **num employees**: 17867
- **homepage**: [http://www.bdz.bg www.bdz.bg]
Varna railway station

**Varna railway station** serves the Black Sea city and municipality of Varna, the third biggest city in Bulgaria.

## History

The station is one of the oldest in Bulgaria.  The station building was built between 1908 and 1925, when it was opened officially by Tsar Boris III. The city of Varna has had a railway station since October 26, 1866, when the Varna-Rousse railway line was opened.

## Infobox (station)

- **name**: Varna railway station
- **name lang**: en
- **native name**: Железопътна гара Варна
- **native name lang**: bg
- **image**: VarnaRailway.JPG
- **caption**: The station building.
- **country**: Bulgaria
- **line**: Railway line 2
Ruse Central railway station

**Ruse Central railway station** is the main station serving the city and municipality of Ruse, the fifth most populous city in Bulgaria. It is next to the Danube River.

It was the first station built in what is now Bulgaria, in 1866. It was the end of  the Ruse - Varna railway.  In 1966, the National Museum of Transport and Communications was opened in the former Ruse-East railway station , and the tracks were used for the outdoor exhibition.

After the opening of the Danube Bridge in 1954, a new grand Stalinist Central Railway Station was planned for the city of Ruse. The new station opened in late 1955. It is the biggest on the Balkan peninsula. It has three platforms, with four tracks and one passing track.

It is a transport hub, with trains to Gorna Oryahovitsa (mostly), to Sofia, Varna, Samuil, and Burgas seasonally, as well as Bucharest and Istanbul internationally. The station serves as a border checkpoint for trains crossing into Romania by the Danube Bridge.

## Infobox (station)

- **name**: Ruse Central
- **image**: 16 Ruse 110916.jpg
- **address**: 1 Aleksandar Stamboliyski Sq.
Ruse, Bulgaria
- **owned**: National Railway Infrastructure Company, NRIC
- **platform**: 3
- **tracks**: 4
- **structure**: At-grade
- **levels**: 2
- **parking**: Yes
- **opened**: 1955
- **electrified**: 1963
- **map type**: Bulgaria
Danube Bridge

The **Danube Bridge** (also known as the **Friendship Bridge**;  is a steel truss bridge over the Danube River connecting the Bulgarian bank to the south with the Romanian bank to the north. It goes between the cities of Ruse and Giurgiu.It is one of only two bridges connecting Romania and Bulgaria. The other one is the New Europe Bridge between the cities of Vidin and Calafat.

## History

It was opened on 20 June 1954. The bridge is 2.8 km long. It passes at a height of 30 meters over the river. It was the first bridge over the Danube shared by Bulgaria and Romania. Decorations were designed by Bulgarian architect Georgi Ovcharov. The bridge has two decks; a two lane motorway and a railway. There are also sidewalks for pedestrians. The central part of the bridge (85 m) can be lifted for large boats.  The maintenance of the mobile part is Romania's responsibility and is periodically checked. The bridge was built in two and a half years with the aid of the Soviet Union.

The Soviets named it the "Friendship Bridge". Since the fall of the communist regimes in both countries, it is now called "Danube Bridge".

The bridge is a border crossing between the two countries. Since January 2007 there is no more customs control. The passport/identity card control is done "on one desk" either by the Bulgarian or the Romanian border police. It is an "internal border" within the European Union. Border control will be completely removed when Bulgaria and Romania join the Schengen Agreement.

There are a pair of rectangular towers supported by pillars on both ends.

## Tolls

The following tolls apply for crossing the Danube Bridge:

|style="text-align:left"|Vehicle|style="text-align:center"|Euro|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Up to 8+1 seats; Up to 3.5 t|6 euro|||
|Trucks up to 7.5 t; Vehicles between 9 and 23 seats|12 euro|||
|Trucks up to 12 t|18 euro|||
|Trucks over 12 t with up to 3 axles; Vehicles with over 23 seats|25 euro|||
|Trucks over 12 t with 4 or more axles|37 euro|||

## Other websites

- _Halfway down the Danube_, a short story about crossing the bridge

## Infobox (bridge)

- **bridge name**: Giurgiu–Ruse Bridge
- **image**: Danube Bridge border crossing.JPG
- **other name**: Friendship Bridge
- **carries**: Two lanes of road and railway traffic, pedestrians
- **crosses**: Danube
- **location**: Between Giurgiu, Romania and Ruse, Bulgaria, Ruse, Bulgaria, at river kilometre 488.70
- **designer**: V. Andreev
N. Rudomazin
Georgi Ovcharov (decoration)
- **design**: Truss bridge
- **begin**: 1952
- **open**: 20 June 1954
Rudolf Rupec

**Rudolf Rupec** (17 September 1895 or 17 November 1896 – 1 July 1983) was a Croatian footballer. He played for SK Rapid Wien and HŠK Građanski Zagreb. He played for the national teams of Austria and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He also played at the 1920 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics.

## Career

He began his career at SK Rapid Wien  from 1913 to 1920. With Rapid he won the championship four times and once the cup. In 1920 he went to the Croatian team HŠK Građanski Zagreb. He played with the club until the end of his career in 1928. With the club he won the national championship of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1923 and 1926.

## International

In the last years of the Austro-Hungarian Empire he played ten matches for the Austria national football team. Rupec was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia's first national team. He played nine matches for them. He  played at the 1920 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics.  His final game was in May 1924 in the Olympic Games match against Uruguay.

## International statistics

- Austria
|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="2"|Austria|1917|6|0|
|1918|4|0|||
- Yugoslavia
|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="5"|Yugoslavia|1920|2|0|
|1921|1|0|||
|1922|3|0|||
|1923|1|0|||
|1924|2|0|||

## Manager

He later coached HAŠK Zagreb. He won the championship in 1938.

## Honours

- Austrian football championː 1915–16, 1916–17, 1918–19, 1919–20
- Austrian Cupː 1918–19

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Rudolf Rupec
- **birth date**: or
- **birth place**: Grubišno Polje, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary
- **death place**: Zagreb, Socialist Republic of Croatia, SR Croatia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFR Yugoslavia
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **years1**: 1913–1920
- **years2**: 1920–1923
- **clubs1**: SK Rapid Wien, Rapid Wien
- **clubs2**: HŠK Građanski Zagreb, Građanski Zagreb
- **caps1**: 68
- **goals1**: 1
- **caps2**: 62
- **goals2**: 6
- **nationalyears1**: 1917–1918
- **nationalyears2**: 1920–1924
- **nationalteam1**: Austria national football team, Austria
- **nationalteam2**: Yugoslavia national football team, Kingdom of SCS
- **nationalcaps1**: 10
- **nationalcaps2**: 9
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1938
- **managerclubs1**: HAŠK Zagreb
Mama's Song

"**Mama's Song**" is a song by American singer Carrie Underwood from her third studio album, _Play On_ (2009).

## Music video

The music video for "Mama's Song" was directed by Shaun Silva.

It premiered on VEVO on September 24, 2010.

The video peaked at number 1 on CMT's _Top Twenty Countdown_ for two consecutive weeks in November 2010.
Tora Bora Military Front

The **Tora Bora Military Front** is a Islamist militant group in Afghanistan. The group is led by Anwarul Haq Mujahid. The group split away from Hezb-e Islami Khalis due to disagreements between Anwarul and Hajj Din Mohammad. The group promised loyalty to the Taliban in 2016 and has a magazine and website.

## Infobox (war faction)

- **name**: Tora Bora Nizami Mahaz
- **image**: Flag of the Taliban.svg
- **active**: 2006-present
- **partof**: Taliban
- **active2**: Active
- **allegiance**: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (since 2016)
- **founder**: Anwar ul Haq Mujahid
- **split from**: Hezb-e Islami Khalis
- **logo**: Flag of the Taliban.svg
- **foundation**: 2006
- **country**: Afghanistan
Don't Cry Daddy

"**Don't Cry Daddy**" is a 1969 song by Elvis Presley. It went to the top 10 in the United States and the United Kingdom along with its B-side _Rubberneckin_'. It was written by Mac Davis.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Don't Cry Daddy
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Elvis Presley
- **b-side**: Rubberneckin'
- **recorded**: January 15, 1969
- **studio**: American Sound Studios, American Sound, Memphis, Tennessee, Memphis
- **label**: RCA Victor
- **writer**: Mac Davis, Scott Davis
- **producer**: Chips Moman
- **prev title**: Suspicious Minds
- **prev title2**: You'll Think of Me (Elvis Presley song), You'll Think of Me
- **prev year**: 1969
- **next title**: Kentucky Rain
- **next year**: 1970
Rosario-Victoria Bridge

The **Rosario-Victoria Bridge** () is a bridge in Argentina. It goes between the cities of Rosario (province of Santa Fe) and Victoria (province of Entre Ríos).

## Infobox (bridge)

- **fetchwikidata**: coordinates
- **bridge name**: Rosario-Victoria Bridge
- **image**: Puente Rosario-Victoria (amanecer).jpg
- **caption**: A view of the bridge from Rosario
- **official name**: Nuestra Señora del Rosario
- **carries**: National Route 174 (Argentina), National Route 174
- **crosses**: Paraná River
- **locale**: Rosario, Santa Fe, Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Santa Fe and Victoria, Entre Ríos, Victoria, Entre Ríos Province, Entre Ríos
- **design**: cable-stayed bridge
- **begin**: 1997
- **open**: May 22, 2003
- **preceded**: Raúl Uranga – Carlos Sylvestre Begnis Subfluvial Tunnel, Uranga-Begnis Tunnel
- **followed**: Zárate-Brazo Largo Bridge
Pear switch

A **pear switch**  is a particular type of electrical switch that usually has the appearance of a small pear. Its operation is very simple, with a button that, depending on the type, is pressed to activate or deactivate a circuit or is simply pressed like a pushbutton, for example in photographic enlarger switches.

It is characterized by its form and function. Unlike conventional switches that are fixed to the wall, the pear switch is suspended from the cable. By pressing the pear, the electrical contacts are joined, closing the circuit. Its most common use is for hanging lamps, headboards,  bedside tables  or generally in situations where you do not want to mount the switch on the wall.

## Description

It is pear-shaped, oval or spherical, made of wood or plastic, which is connected to a mechanism that has a spring with an electrical contact. It is an automatic mechanism with a spring, similar to a push button but taking into account that there is a model that is bistable and returns the switch to its default position after pressing twice, changing the initial condition of the electrical circuit or restaurant, connecting or blocking the circulation of current in said electrical circuit.

## Models

There are two kinds:

- **Switch/commutator**: similar to a push button but it is a model that is bistable and returns the switch to its default position after pressing twice, changes the initial condition of the circuit or restores it and keeps the circuit electrically connected to maintain the electrical state current. In all cases, pressing the button again returns it to its initial position. (Examples: bed head switches, bedside lamp switches,  photographic enlarger switches  )
- **Pushbutton** - is a momentary or latching switch that causes a temporary change in the state of an electrical circuit only while the switch is physically actuated . It allows electricity to flow between its two contacts when held. When the button is released, the circuit opens. This type of switch is also known as a normally open (NO) switch . Examples: bell at the head of the bed in old houses.
New Europe Bridge

The **New Europe Bridge**, also known as **Danube Bridge 2** ( is a road and rail bridge between the cities of Vidin, Bulgaria, and Calafat, Romania. It is the second bridge on the shared section of the Danube between the two countries. It has both  box girder<nowiki/>s  and  cable-stays. It was built by the Spanish company Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, at the cost of €226 million. It was officially opened on 14 June 2013.

Motorists must pay tolls.

It was previously known as **Danube Bridge 2** and informally called the **Vidin–Calafat Bridge** or **Calafat–Vidin Bridge.**

There had been no bridges crossing the Danube river between Bulgaria and Romania since the destruction of Constantine's Bridge, in the 4th century, until the Danube Bridge was built and opened in 1954.

## Infobox (bridge)

- **image**: Calafat Vidin 02797 pont.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **bridge name**: New Europe Bridge
- **official name**: New Europe Bridge
- **locale**: Between Calafat, Romania and Vidin, Bulgaria, at river kilometer 796
- **carries**: Four lanes of roadway, one railway track and a combined bicycle path/pedestrian walkway (_the designed second walkway was not completed: it runs only from the Bulgarian river bank to the island under the bridge_)
- **crosses**: Danube
- **open**: 14 June 2013
- **toll**: 0–37 euro
- **design**: Extradosed bridge
- **designer**: Fernández Casado
- **builder**: Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, FCC Construccion
- **traffic**: 2,590 vehicles/day
Old Bridge, Svilengrad

**Mustafa Pasha Bridge** or **The Old Bridge** is a 16th-century arch bridge over the Maritsa in Svilengrad, southern Bulgaria. It was built in 1529 on the order of the Ottoman vizier Çoban Mustafa Pasha. The bridge was the first major work designed by the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan. The bridge is 295 m long, 6 m wide and has 20 or 21 arches.
A flood destroyed some of the arches in 1766. Reconstruction was completed in 1809. The Ottoman army tried to destroy the bridge as it retreated from a Bulgarian advance after the Battle of Lule Burgas during the First Balkan War in November 1912.

## Infobox (bridge)

- **image**: Mustafa Pasha Bridge, Svilengrad - 4.jpg
- **bridge name**: The Old Bridge
- **native name**: Старият мост
- **native name lang**: bg
- **locale**: Svilengrad, Bulgaria
- **carries**: Traffic, pedestrians
- **crosses**: Maritsa river
- **open**: 1529
- **design**: Arch bridge
- **spans**: 20 or 21
- **mainspan**: 18 m
- **length**: 295 m
- **width**: 6 m
- **designer**: Mimar Sinan
- **builder**: Çoban Mustafa Pasha, Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan Suleiman I
King Carol I Bridge

The **Anghel Saligny Bridge**, formerly **King Carol I Bridge**, is a railway bridge in Romania connecting the two banks of the Danube along the lower reaches of the river. It is  between the cities of Fetešt in Wallachia and Cherna Voda in Dobruja . It was built between 1890 and 1895.  Then it was the longest in Europe and the third longest in the world .

Its length is 4037 m, of which 1662 m above the Danube and 920 m above the Borcea River . It was designed by the Romanian engineer Anghel Saligny. It is 30 m above the water. Even tall ships can pass under it. has a central span of 190 m (620 ft) and four other spans of 140 m (460 ft), connected to a viaduct with 15 spans of 60 m (200 ft) each. Another bridge, with three spans of 140 m (460 ft) and 11 spans of 50 m (160 ft), was designed and built over the Borcea branch.

The bridge was used for almost a century, until in 1987 it was replaced by the new Borchen bridge built next to it.

## Other websites

- King Carol I Bridge at Structurae
- Bridge over the Borcea Branch at Structurae
- The history of the Romanian Danube bridges (14 figures available) at Semantic Scholar

## Infobox (bridge)

- **name**: Anghel Saligny Bridge
- **native name**: Podul Anghel Saligny
- **native name lang**: ro
- **image**: File:Podul Regele Carol I.jpg
- **locale**: Between Cernavodă and Fetești
- **other name**: King Carol I Bridge (Podul Regele Carol I)
- **carries**: single-track electrified railway line
- **crosses**: Danube
Borcea branch of the Danube
- **open**: 26 September 1895
- **design**: Truss bridges
- **designer**: Anghel Saligny
- **first length**: (over main branch)
- **second length**: (over Borcea branch)
Rail transport in Romania

The first railway in the Kingdom of Romania opened in 1869. It was between Bucharest and Giurgiu. The first  electric railway opened in 1854, between Oravița and Baziaș in Banat, next to the border with Serbia.

Since then, the Romanian railway network has been significantly expanded, and is now the fourth largest in Europe by total track length, comprising . Of these, some  are electrified. The route length is . Romania's railway system is  the worst railway systems in Europe.  Most of it needs to be renewed.

Romania is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Romania is 53.
Bucharest North railway station

**Bucharest North railway station**  is the main railway station in Bucharest and the largest railway station in Romania. The vast majority of mainline trains to and from Bucharest start there.

## History

The original North railway station was built between 1868—1872. The foundation stone was placed on 10 September 1868 in the presence of King Carol I of Romania. The building was designed as a U-shaped structure. The first railways between Roman – Galați – Bucharest – Pitești started on 13 September 1872. Between 1895—1896 a new wing of the station was built, which included a "Royal Hall", in anticipation of the visit of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary.

The station and its surroundings were heavily bombed by the Allies in April 1944 during a campaign aimed at Axis supply lines.  During the Communist era the station was electrified

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, from 27 February 2022 onwards, the station served as a coordination point for Ukrainian refugees. On the first day, almost 100 Ukrainian refugees arrived on five trains owned by Romanian state operator CFR Călători; the trains came from Iași and Suceava, in northeast Romania. At midnight on 4 March 2022, approximately 1,000 refugees arrived from Iași and were later accommodated at Romexpo.

## Current status

There are 14 tracks and 8 platforms.

## Infobox (station)

- **name**: Gara București Nord
- **type**: Căile Ferate Române
- **image**: Bukareŝto, norda stacio, 85.jpeg
- **image caption**: View of "The Columns", the station's second building from 1938, which features most of the taxi ranks
- **address**: Piața Gării de Nord, Bucharest, Romania
- **line**: Bucharest–Constanța
 Bucharest–Craiova
 Bucharest–Giurgiu
  Bucharest–Pitești
 Bucharest–Ploiești
 Bucharest–Urziceni
 M1 Line (Bucharest Metro)
 Bucharest Metro Line M4, M4 Line (Bucharest Metro)
- **structure**: terminal station
- **platform**: 8
- **tracks**: 14
- **parking**: yes
- **opened**: 13 September 1872
- **electrified**: 16 February 1969
- **owned**: Căile Ferate Române, CFR
Leptomantis malkmusi

The ***Leptomantis malkmusi*** is a frog.  It lives in Malaysia. People have seen it between 500 and 1000 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is  26.4-29.3  mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 32.3-35.4 mm long.

This frog can change color. The skin of its back is red-brown during the day and light brown at night. It has small, dark spots, and large brown spots. There is a dark brown mark between the eyes. There are white spots on the sides of the head with a dark brown line around each one. There is also one white spot underneath each eardrum. There are stripes on the tops of the legs. These stripes are gray during the day and dark brown at night. There are white bumps on the legs. There is bright yellow color on parts of the sides, legs, and feet. The toes, belly, and front of the neck are white in color. The webbed skin on all four feet is gray in color. The iris of the eye is red in the middle and yellow on the outside, with a black ring outside that.

This frog lives in rainforests on hills. It lives in old rainforests that have never been cut down and in newer rainforests that were cut down and are growing again. It lives in the plants next to streams. When it is time to lay eggs, the male frog climbs to a leaf over the water. The female frog lays her eggs on the leaf.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because even though it only lives in a few places, two of those places are protected parks. Scientists think climate change could kill this frog.

Scientists used to think this was the same frog as _Leptomantis gauni_.
Zaolzie

Zaolzie was annexed by Poland after Checkoslovakia got divided by  Nazi Germany, Kingdom of Hungary and Second Polish Republic
Philippe de Gaulle

**Philippe Henri Xavier Antoine de Gaulle** (28 December 1921 – 13 March 2024) was a French admiral and politician. He was a senator from Paris between 1986 to 2004. He was the oldest child and only son of General Charles de Gaulle, the first president of the French Fifth Republic. He was born in Paris. He was a member of the Rally for the Republic. He was also an admiral of the French Navy from 1938 to 1982.

During his career, he was honored with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit, War Cross 1939–1945 and Medal of Aeronautics.

De Gaulle turned 100 in December 2021. He died during the night of 13 March 2024 in Paris at the age of 102.
Frank McCourt

**Francis McCourt** (August 19, 1930July 19, 2009) was an Irish-American teacher and writer. He won a Pulitzer Prize for his book _Angela's Ashes (book)_. It was made into a movie, Angela's Ashes. It is a memoir of his childhood.

He taught at six New York schools, including McKee Vocational and Technical High School in Staten Island, New York City College of Technology in Brooklyn, Seward Park High School, Washington Irving High School, and the High School of Fashion Industries, all in Manhattan.

In May 2009, McCourt announced he had been treated for melanoma and that he was in remission. Two months later, he died from meningitis caused by the disease on July 19, 2009 under hospice care in New York City, a month before his 79th birthday.

## Works

- _Angela's Ashes_. 1996
- The McCourts of Limerick (1998)
- _'Tis_. 1999
- The McCourts of New York (1999)
- _Teacher Man_. 2005.

- Angela and the Baby Jesus. 2007

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frank McCourt
- **image**: File:Frank mccourt 20060912.jpg
- **caption**: McCourt in 2006
- **birth name**: Francis McCourt
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, New York, U.S.
- **death cause**: Meningitis caused by melanoma
- **awards**: Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography in 1997
- **notable works**: _Angela's Ashes: A Memoir_
_'Tis_
_Teacher Man_
- **signature**: Autographed copy of Teacher Man (cropped).jpg
- **parents**: Malachy Gerald McCourt, Sr
Angela Sheehan
- **relatives**: Brothers Malachy McCourt
Michael McCourt
Alphie McCourt
Jaysh al-Izza

**Jaysh al-Izza** is a Islamist militant group part of the Free Syrian Army active in the northwest of Syria. The group has been given anti-tank missiles such as the 9K111 Fagot or BGM-71 TOW by Saudi Arabia, Türkiye, and Qatar. The group also tried to join the National Front for Liberation which has other militant groups in Idlib such as Ahrar al-Sham but the leadership of Jaysh al-Izza refused due to complications.

## Infobox (war faction)

- **name**: Army of Glory
- **native name**:
_Jaysh al-Izza_
- **war**: the Syrian Civil War
- **active**: 2013–present
- **ideology**: Sunni Islamism
- **clans**: *Homs al-Adiya Brigades
- **leaders**: Maj. Jamil al-Saleh ()
Col. Mustafa al-Bakour ()

Capt. Manaf Maarati ()

Capt. Mustafa Maarati ()
- **headquarters**: Kafr Nabl area (August 2019-February 2020), Jisr al-Shughur _(per pro-government reports)_, formerly al-Lataminah
- **area**: *Hama Governorate
*Idlib Governorate
*Latakia Governorate
- **partof**: Free Syrian Army
 Jaysh al-Nasr (2015)
- **allies**: Tahrir al-Sham
 Guardians of Religion Organization
 Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria
 Ajnad al-Sham
 Malhama Tactical
 National Front for Liberation
 Syrian National Army
- **opponents**: Syrian Arab Armed Forces

Hezbollah
 Arab Nationalist Guard
 Eagles of the Whirlwind
 Ba'ath Brigades
 Syrian Resistance
- **battles**: Syrian Civil War
*Siege of Northern Homs
*2014 Hama offensive
*Insurgency in Idlib
*Al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015)
*Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015) (_Russian military intervention in Syria, Russian intervention_)
*2015 Hama offensive
*2016 Latakia offensive
*2016 Hama offensive
*Hama offensive (March–April 2017)
*Hama offensive (September 2017)
*Northeastern Hama offensive (2017)
*Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict
*Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)
*Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)
*Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)
- **size**: *3,000 (late 2015)
*September 2019:
**2,500 _(HTS defector claim)_
**Over 3,000 _(pro-government media claim)_
*≤3500 (December 2021)
McDonnell Douglas MD-82

The **McDonnell Douglas 82 (MD-82)** is a small airliner. It can hold 172 passengers. It is a mid haul airliner.

Incidents: Spanair 5022 had failed flaps on takeoff, causing the aircraft to crash into the ground at high speeds. A lot of people died in this tragedy.

The plane is a very efficient plane, and a main part of the McDonnell Douglas MD-90.
Teno (disambiguation)

**Teno** could be:
- Teno – a Chilean city and commune
- Teno River – a river in Chile
- Teno River (Europe), a river shared by Finland and Tana (Norway)
- Macizo de Teno, a mountain range on Tenerife, Spain
- TENO – a former German organisation
Gunilla Andersson

**Gunilla Victoria Andersson**, born 26 April 1976 in Skutskär, Sweden) is a retired Swedish female ice hockey defencewoman. She played for Sweden during the women's ice hockey tournament during the 1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010 Olympic Winter Games and in eleven World Championships.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Gunilla Andersson Stampes in 2022.jpg
- **caption**: Gunilla Andersson, 2022
- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Defencewoman
- **shoots**: Left
- **height m**: 1.69
- **weight kg**: 69
- **sex**: f
- **ntl team**: SWE
- **birth place**: Skutskär, Sweden
- **career start**: 1991
- **career end**: 2014
Evanescence (album)

***Evanescence*** is the third studio album by Evanescence. The album was released on October 11, 2011.
Flemish people

**Flemish people**, also known as **Flemings**, are an ethnic group native to the Flanders region of Belgium. They speak Flemish, which is a dialect of Dutch.
WCW World Heavyweight Championship

The **WCW World Heavyweight Championship**, also known simply as the **WCW Championship** or the **World Championship**, was a professional wrestling world championship. It was the biggest prize of World Championship Wrestling, after the NWA World Heavyweight Championship was no longer competed for in WCW. It existed in WCW from 1991 to 2001, and was then competed for in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) until it was made into one with the WWF Championship and retired in December.
Celluloid Heroes

"**Celluloid Heroes**" is a 1972 song by British band The Kinks. It was taken from their 11th studio album _Everybody's in Show-Biz_. It also appears on their 1980 live album _One for the Road_. The song talks about famous 20th-century actors and the Hollywood Boulevard.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Celluloid Heroes
- **type**: single
- **artist**: the Kinks
- **album**: Everybody's in Show-Biz
- **b-side**: Hot Potatoes
- **released**: 24 November 1972
- **recorded**: May–June 1972
- **studio**: Morgan Studios, Morgan (London)
- **genre**: Soft rock
- **length**: 6:19
- **label**: RCA Records, RCA 2299
- **writer**: Ray Davies
- **producer**: Ray Davies
- **prev title**: Supersonic Rocket Ship
- **prev year**: 1972
- **next title**: Sitting In The Midday Sun
- **next year**: 1973
Maria (Blondie song)

"**Maria**" is a 1999 song by American band Blondie and is the leading single from their seventh studio album _No Exit_. It topped the single charts in the United Kingdom, Scotland, Poland, Spain and Greece and made the top 20 across Europe and New Zealand. It was their first single since 1982.

## Track listings

**US 12-inch single**
- A1. "Maria" (Soul Solution full remix)
- A2. "Maria" (Soul Solution Bonus Beats)
- B1. "Maria" (Talvin Singh remix)
- B2. "Maria" (Talvin Singh Rhythmic remix edit)
- B3. "Maria" (album version)

**US maxi-CD single (The Remixes)**
1. "Maria" (Soul Solution full remix) – 9:27
1. "Maria" (Talvin Singh remix) – 7:27
1. "Maria" (Talvin Singh Rhythmic remix edit) – 4:39
1. "Maria" (album version) – 4:51

**UK CD single**
1. "Maria" (radio edit)
1. "Maria" (Soul Solution remix radio edit)
1. "Maria" (Talvin Singh remix edit)

**UK cassette single**
- A. "Maria" (radio edit)
- B. "Maria" (Soul Solution remix radio edit)

**European CD single**
1. "Maria" (radio edit) – 4:09
1. "Maria" (Talvin Singh Rhythmic remix) – 7:26

**European limited-edition CD single**
1. "Maria" (radio edit)
1. "Screaming Skin" (live)
1. "In the Flesh" (live)

**European maxi-CD single and Australian CD single**
1. "Maria" (radio edit) – 4:09
1. "Maria" (Talvin Singh Rhythmic remix) – 7:26
1. "Maria" (Soul Solution remix radio edit) – 4:08
1. "Maria" (album version) – 4:51

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Maria
- **caption**: Standard non-US artwork
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Blondie (band), Blondie
- **album**: No Exit (Blondie album), No Exit
- **studio**: * Red Night Recording
* Electric Lady Studios, Electric Lady
* Chung King Studios, Chung King House of Metal (New York City)
- **genre**: * Power pop
* alternative rock
- **label**: * Logic
* Beyond Music, Beyond
- **writer**: Jimmy Destri
- **producer**: Craig Leon
- **prev title**: War Child (song), War Child
- **prev year**: 1982
- **next title**: Nothing Is Real but the Girl
- **next year**: 1999
Rated "X"

"**Rated "X"**" is a 1972 song by country singer Loretta Lynn. It was taken from her 22nd studio album _Entertainer of the Year_. It topped the country singles charts in both the United States and Canada. It was covered by The White Stripes as a B-side to their single _Hotel Yorba_ in 2001.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Rated "X"
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Loretta Lynn
- **album**: Entertainer of the Year
- **b-side**: Till the Pain Outwears the Shame
- **released**: November 20, 1972
- **recorded**: August 24, 1971
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **length**: 2:35
- **label**: Decca Records, Decca
- **writer**: Loretta Lynn
- **producer**: Owen Bradley
- **prev title**: Here I Am Again (song), Here I Am Again
- **prev year**: 1972
- **next title**: Love Is the Foundation (song), Love Is the Foundation
- **next year**: 1973
Electric Youth (song)

"**Electric Youth**" is a 1989 song by Debbie Gibson and is the title track to her second studio album _Electric Youth_. It went to number 11 in the United States, number 14 in the United Kingdom and charted the highest in Panama where it made number 3.

## Track listing

All songs are written by Deborah Gibson

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Electric Youth
- **caption**: North American single cover
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Debbie Gibson
- **album**: Electric Youth (album), Electric Youth
- **b-side**: We Could Be Together (Campfire Mix)
- **released**:

- **recorded**: 1988
- **length**: 4:55
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **writer**: Debbie Gibson, Deborah Gibson
- **producer**: Fred Zarr
- **prev title**: Lost in Your Eyes
- **prev year**: 1989
- **next title**: No More Rhyme
- **next year**: 1989
Jean-Baptiste Djebbari

**Jean-Baptiste Djebbari** (born 26 February 1982) is the former Ministry of Transports of France. Before, he was airline pilot on Pilatus PC-12.
A fost numit ministru delegat responsabil cu transporturile în noul guvern Jean Castex (3 iulie 2020).

He graduated from ENAC and École polytechnique.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jean-Baptiste Djebbari
- **image**: Djebbari 2021 (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Melun, France
- **nationality**: France, French
- **occupation**: Ministry of transports
- **alma mater**: French Civil Aviation University, ENAC
École polytechnique
Gasteroclupea

***Gasteroclupea*** is an extinct genus of ellimmichthyiform fish from the Upper Cretaceous of South America. It contains one species, ***G. branisai***. Its closest relative is probably _Sorbinichthys_.

## Related pages

- Sorbinichthys
Susan Arnold

**Susan E. Arnold** (born March 8, 1954) is an American business executive who formerly served as the chairman of The Walt Disney Company.

## Career

Susan Arnold began her career as a brand assistant for the Dawn/Ivory Snow Group at Procter & Gamble in 1980. In 1999, she assumed global responsibility for Procter & Gamble's beauty business, thereby becoming the first woman to reach a president-level position in the company. She retired from Procter & Gamble on September 1, 2009.

Between 2013 and 2021, Arnold served as an operating executive of The Carlyle Group. She is based in New York. Arnold has served on the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company since 2007, as well as the Carlyle portfolio investments company NBTY, The Nature's Bounty Co. She has also been a member of the Board of Directors of McDonald's Co. since 2008. In 2004 she became Vice Chairman of Procter & Gamble and President of the company in 2007.

On December 1, 2021, Arnold was appointed to replace Bob Iger as chair of the board at The Walt Disney Company and became the first woman to be appointed to this position in the 98-year history of Disney. She was elected chair on December 31, 2021. On January 11, 2023, Disney announced that Arnold would no longer serve as the board's chair after the next annual shareholder meeting and would be replaced by former Nike CEO Mark Parker.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Susan Arnold
- **office**: Chairwoman of The Walt Disney Company
- **predecessor**: Bob Igel
- **termend**: April 3, 2023
- **termstart**: December 1, 2021
- **parents**: Jack Arnold (director), Jack Arnold (father)