juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
O2

**O2**, **O-2**, **o2**, **O<sub>2</sub>**, or **O<sup>2</sup>** may refer to:

## Science and technology

- O<sub>2</sub>, the common allotrope of the chemical element oxygen
- O2, an EEG electrode site according to the 10–20 system
- SGI O2, a Unix workstation computer
- UOC O2, institutional repository of the Open University of Catalonia

## Places

- The O2, an entertainment district in London, England
    - The O2 Arena, the arena within The O2
- O2 Arena (Prague) or Sazka Arena, an arena in Prague, Czech Republic
- O2 Centre, an indoor shopping and entertainment centre on Finchley Road, London, England
- O2 Residence, a part of the Jumeirah Lake Towers in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- O2 World (Berlin), an indoor arena in Berlin, Germany
- O2 World (Hamburg), an indoor arena in Hamburg, Germany
- Otoyol 2, a motorway in Turkey called "O2"
- The O2 (Dublin), the former name of 3Arena

#### Albums

- _O<sub>2</sub>_ (FireHouse album) (2000) album of the rock band FireHouse
- _O2_ (O-Town album) (2002) album by American boy band O-Town
- O<sub>2</sub> (Tonéx album) (2002) album by Gospel singer Tonéx
- _O2: Avalon Remixed_, a 2002 album by Avalon
- _O2_ (Son of Dave album), 2006 album by Son of Dave

#### Songs

- "O2", a song by Orange Range from _Panic Fancy_
- "O2", a 2002 song by Sleater-Kinney from _One Beat_

### Other arts, entertainment, and media

- Ö2, a radio service for Austria and South Tyrol
- O2, a character in _Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards_

## Businesses and organisations

- O<sub>2</sub>, trading name for Telefónica Europe, a European telecommunications provider
    - O2 Store, a chain of retail stores owned and operated by Telefónica Europe, with regional subsidiaries:
    - O2 (Ireland), merged into Three Ireland
    - O2 (UK)
    - O2 Czech Republic
    - Telefónica Germany
    - Telefónica Slovakia
- O2 Academy, a chain of music venues
- O2 Global Network, an international network for sustainable design
- O2 Wireless USA or H2O Wireless, a prepaid wireless service by Locus Telecommunications
- O2TV, a Russian independent socially political TV channel

## Vehicles

- Cessna O-2 Skymaster, a military twin-engine light aircraft
- Douglas O-2, a military single-engine observation biplane
- _O 2_-class submarine, a class of submarines of the Royal Netherlands Navy
- Oldershaw O-2, a glider
- SP&S Class O-2, a 1910 steam locomotives class
- USS _O-2_ (SS-63), a 1918 United States O class submarine

## Other uses

- O-2, a pay grade in the US uniformed services
    - First Lieutenant in the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps
    - Lieutenant (junior grade) in the Navy, Coast Guard, Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps
Smoky Hills

The **Smoky Hills** are an upland area of hills in the Great Plains are of North America. They are in the Midwestern United States, mostly in north-central Kansas and a small part of south-central Nebraska.

## Geography

The Republican River, Saline River, Solomon River, and Smoky Hill River all go east through the Smoky Hills. This is because they start in the High Plains. Starting in the 1940s, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation dammed these rivers at points in the Smoky Hills for flood control and irrigation reasons. This created many reservoirs. These include Cedar Bluff Reservoir, Kanopolis Lake, Kirwin Reservoir, Waconda Lake, Webster Reservoir, and Wilson Lake.

Land in the Smoky Hills is mostly used for farming. The region doesn't have very many people. There are cities that are small, but there are no big cities. The two biggest cities in the Smoky Hills region are Salina, Kansas and Hays, Kansas.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Smoky Hills
- **photo**: Smoky Hills - Kansas.jpg
- **country**: United States
- **subdivision1 type**: States
- **subdivision2 type**: Region
- **subdivision2**: Plains Border (subregion)
- **parent**: Great Plains
- **age**: Cretaceous
Republican River

The **Republican River** is a river in the central Great Plains area of North America. It starts in the High Plains of eastern Colorado, and it goes east  through the U.S. states of Nebraska and Kansas.

## Other websites

- Republican River Compact Compliance , State of Colorado
- The Republican River, A 2018 survey of the political and social ecology of the Republican River by Denis Boyles

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Republican River
- **name other**: _Forche des Republiques_,
Coster Blanches, Ki-ra-ru-tah, Mahohevaohe
- **image**: Farmers Bridge 9.jpg
- **image caption**: The Republican River near Riverton, Nebraska
- **map**: Kansasrivermap.png
- **map caption**: Map of the Kansas River drainage basin showing the Republican River
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: United States
- **subdivision type2**: States
- **subdivision name2**: Nebraska, Kansas
- **discharge1 location**: Junction City, Kansas, Junction City about  above the mouth
- **source confluence location**: Haigler, Nebraska
- **mouth**: Kansas River
- **mouth location**: Junction City, Kansas
- **tributaries left**: North Fork Republican River,
Frenchman Creek (Republican River), Frenchman Creek, Red Willow Creek,
Medicine Creek (Republican River), Medicine Creek
- **tributaries right**: Arikaree River,
South Fork Republican River,
Sappa Creek, Prairie Dog Creek,
White Rock Creek (Kansas), White Rock Creek
- **custom label**: Watersheds
- **custom data**: Republican-Kansas River, Kansas-Missouri River, Missouri-Mississippi River, Mississippi
Smoky Hill River

The **Smoky Hill River** is a  river in the central Great Plains of North America. It goes through the U.S. states of Colorado and Kansas.

## Name

The river gets its name from the Smoky Hills area in the Great Plains.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Smoky Hill River
- **name other**: Aahkawirarahkata, Chetolah, Oke-see-sebo, River of the Padoucas
- **image**: Smoky Hill River-0508.jpg
- **image caption**: Smoky Hill River near Assaria, Kansas
- **map**: Smokyhillrivermap.png
- **map caption**: Map of the Smoky Hill drainage basin
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: United States
- **subdivision type2**: State
- **subdivision name2**: Colorado, Kansas
- **discharge1 location**: USGS 06877600 at Enterprise, Kansas, Enterprise, KS
- **source1 location**: Cheyenne County, Colorado
- **mouth**: Kansas River
- **mouth location**: Junction City, Kansas
- **tributaries left**: North Fork Smoky Hill River, Big Creek (Kansas), Big Creek,
Saline River (Kansas), Saline River, Solomon River
- **tributaries right**: Ladder Creek
- **custom label**: Watersheds
- **custom data**: Smoky Hill-Kansas River, Kansas-Missouri River, Missouri-Mississippi River, Mississippi
Lawrence Public Library

The **Lawrence Public Library** is a public library in Lawrence, Kansas.

### 1800s

The first library in Lawrence was built in October 1854. It cost $1 per year to be a member. People could pay $25 to be a member for their life. Amos A. Lawrence brought many books to Lawrence in 1855.

In 1863, the library burned in Quantrill's Raid. A new library was built in 1866.

In the first two years of the library, 75 volumes were purchased, and 150 volumes were donated. The city took control of the library in September 1871. They moved it into the Lawrence National Bank building. It took up three rooms on the second floor.

#### Carnegie Library

The old library was getting too many books, so they needed to build a bigger library. They had 6,000 volumes. $1 per year was not enough money to build a new library. One resident, Peter Emery, asked philanthropist Andrew Carnegie to give money for a new library. Carnegie said yes, and he gave $27,500 for a new library. He said he would only give this money if Lawrence made the new library free to use, and if they spent $2,750 per year to maintain it. It was put to a vote, and the city voted yes by a lot. The library officially opened to on December 26, 1904.

#### Growing

After the Carnegie library opened, the Lawrence Public Library grew a lot. By 1922 children liked the library so much that a new room was added to for the children to use. By 1936, 40% of all people in Lawrence had a library card. In 1937, they had to make their storage bigger. They made the library better in 1957. They wanted to make it more modern.

#### New building

The Carnegie Library didn't have enough space for the amount of books they had. Lawrence had an idea to make a new building. They decided that the new building would be close to the old building. In 1970, a vote in the city for $1,575,000 to be used for a new building passed easily. This building opened in August 1972. The Carnegie building became the location for the Friends of the Library association.

### 2000s

On November 10, 2010 an $18 million budget was proposed by the Library Board of Trustees. They said that since 1972, the number of people who used the library more than doubled. This proposal was accepted by voters in 2010. Construction finished in July 2014.

After the new building opened, the Lawrence Public Library won the AIA/ALA Library Building Award in 2016. Elle Decor said the library was 16th in the top "50 Best Libraries in America".

## Infobox (library)

- **library name**: Lawrence Public Library
- **library logo**: Lawrence_Public_Library_official_logo.png
- **image**: Lawrence Public Library entrance.jpeg
- **caption**: The Lawrence Public Library
- **country**: United States
- **type**: Public library, Public
- **established**: 1854 (Subscription)
 1904 (Public)
- **location**: 707 Vermont Street
Lawrence, Kansas  66044-2371
- **collection size**: 201,040 (2015)
- **annual circulation**: 1,367,223 (2015)
- **members**: 75,000 (2015)
- **director**: Brad Allen
- **phone num**: +1 (785) 843-3833
The University Daily Kansan

The ***University Daily Kansan*** is a student newspaper for the University of Kansas. It started in 1904.

The paper is distributed on campus and student apartments. They publish it every week. There are about 12,000 papers created.

## Infobox (newspaper)

- **name**: University Daily Kansan
- **type**: Student newspaper
- **format**: Broadsheet
- **foundation**: 1904
- **owners**: Self owned and sustained
- **headquarters**: Lawrence, Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas,
United States
Matt Stairs

**Matthew Wade Stairs** (born February 27, 1968) is a Canadian former professional baseball outfielder, first baseman, and designated hitter, who holds the record for most pinch-hit home runs in Major League Baseball (MLB) history  with 23. His pinch-hit home run in the eighth inning of Game 4 in the 2008 National League Championship Series off the Los Angeles Dodgers reliever Jonathan Broxton was called one of the most memorable home runs in Phillies history.

In his career, Stairs played for more teams than any position player in MLB history (12 — technically 13 teams, but 12 franchises, as he played for the Montreal Expos and Washington Nationals); Edwin Jackson holds the record for pitchers and all players at 14.

He was the second Canadian-born player ever to hit more than thirty-five home runs in a season, and only the second to hit more than 25 home runs and drive in more than 100 runs in back-to-back seasons. He ranks either first or second in power hitting categories for Canadian major leaguers. Stairs also holds the all-time MLB record of home runs hit as a pinch-hitter with 23. His ability to pinch hit made him a valuable asset to several teams and earned him the nickname "Matt Stairs – Professional Hitter". Stairs, Larry Walker, Justin Morneau, Jason Bay, and Joey Votto are the only Canadian MLB players to hit at least 200 career home runs. On February 4, 2015, Stairs was elected to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame.
Aaron Rowand

**Aaron Ryan Rowand** (born August 29, 1977) is an American former professional baseball center fielder in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox, Philadelphia Phillies and the San Francisco Giants.

## Philadelphia Phillies (2006–2007)

On November 23, 2005, Rowand was traded by the White Sox along with minor league pitchers Gio González and Daniel Haigwood to the Philadelphia Phillies for first baseman Jim Thome.

On May 11, 2006, in the first inning of a game versus the New York Mets, Rowand made a spectacular play by smashing into the center field fence of Citizens Bank Park face first at full speed in order to run down a deep fly ball off the bat of Xavier Nady with the bases loaded, that would otherwise have scored three runs. Rowand suffered a broken nose and severe lacerations to his face. The Phillies won the game, 2-0, in a rain-shortened 5-inning game. He underwent seven hours of surgery to repair the nose, and was placed on the 15-day disabled list. He returned to the starting lineup on May 27, 2006.

On August 21, 2006, in a game against the Chicago Cubs, Rowand collided with second baseman Chase Utley and broke his ankle. He was on the disabled list for the remainder of the regular season.

In 2007, a contract year, proved to be Rowand's breakthrough, both statistically and in recognition around baseball. He finished with a batting average of .309, 27 home runs, 89 runs batted in, and 6 stolen bases. On July 10, 2007, Rowand was selected to the 2007 MLB All-Star Game in San Francisco, for his first All-Star appearance. In the bottom of the 9th, with the bases loaded, two outs, and the AL leading 5-4, Rowand flew out to Alex Ríos in right field to end the game helping give the American League home field advantage in the 2007 World Series. He earned his first Gold Glove Award for his outfield play that year, including 11 outfield assists and only 2 errors all season.
Raúl Ibañez

**Raúl Javier Ibañez** (born June 2, 1972) is an American former professional baseball left fielder in Major League Baseball (MLB) now serving as a special advisor to Los Angeles Dodgers President of Baseball Operations Andrew Friedman. He played 11 of his 19 big league seasons for the Seattle Mariners, while also playing for the Kansas City Royals, Philadelphia Phillies, New York Yankees, and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. While primarily a left fielder, Ibañez often saw considerable time as a designated hitter (DH), throughout his career.

An All-Star in 2009, Ibañez won the Player of the Week Award five times.  Despite not reaching 500 plate appearances in a single season until the age of 30, Ibañez batted .272 with 424 doubles, 305 home runs and 1,207 runs batted in (RBI) over nineteen major league seasons.  He had eight seasons with at least 20 home runs, two seasons with at least 30 home runs, six seasons with at least 90 RBI, four seasons with at least 100 RBI, and ten consecutive seasons (2002–2011) with at least 30 doubles.  In 2004, Ibañez tied an American League record with six hits in one game
Cole Hamels

**Colbert Michael Hamels** (born December 27, 1983) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Philadelphia Phillies from 2006 to 2015, and the Texas Rangers from 2015 to 2018.

The Phillies drafted him out of high school in the first round of the 2002 MLB Draft (17th), and he began his career in the Phillies minor league system.. He was the top pitcher in the Phillies' minor league system in 2006.

In May 2006, Hamels made his major league debut for the Phillies. After securing a long-term spot as a member of the Phillies starting rotation in his rookie season, he made large strides in the 2007 Major League Baseball season and won the Phillies' top major league pitcher award. He was the top pitcher on the team entering the 2008 season, and during the Phillies' postseason run, during which they ultimately won the 2008 World Series over the Tampa Bay Rays, he won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award. After the 2008 season, Hamels signed a three-year contract with the Phillies. His statistics declined over the next two seasons, struggling through a tumultuous 2009 campaign and somewhat bouncing back in 2010, however still not approaching his 2008 numbers. Over the next few seasons, Hamels was joined by fellow All-Star pitchers including Roy Halladay, Cliff Lee, and Roy Oswalt and flourished with them, putting up some of his top career seasons before suffering from poor run support in 2013. With the decline of his aging teammates, the team missed the postseason for the next few years, but Hamels remained one of the Phillies' consistent stars. Hamels was traded to the Texas Rangers in 2015, and he subsequently sparked their run to the AL West title that season.  He spent parts of four seasons with the Rangers, including an All-Star season in 2016, before being traded to the Cubs in 2018.

## Infobox (baseball biography)

- **name**: Cole Hamels
- **image**: File:Cole Hamels on June 28, 2016 (1).jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Hamels with the Rangers in 2016
- **position**: Starting pitcher
- **team**: Atlanta Braves
- **number**: 32
- **bats**: Left
- **throws**: Left
- **birth place**: San Diego, California
- **debutleague**: MLB
- **debutdate**: May 12
- **debutyear**: 2006
- **debutteam**: Philadelphia Phillies
- **statyear**: 2019 season
- **statleague**: MLB
- **stat1label**: Win–loss record (pitching), Win–loss record
- **stat1value**: 163–121
- **stat2label**: Earned run average
- **stat2value**: 3.42
- **stat3label**: Strikeouts
- **stat3value**: 2,558
- **teams**: * Philadelphia Phillies (–)
* Texas Rangers (baseball), Texas Rangers (–)
* Chicago Cubs (–)
- **awards**: * 4× MLB All-Star Game, All-Star (2007 MLB All-Star Game, 2007, 2011 MLB All-Star Game, 2011, 2012 MLB All-Star Game, 2012, 2016 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 2016)
* World Series champion ()
* World Series MVP ()
* NLCS MVP (2008 National League Championship Series, 2008)
* Pitched a no-hitter (July 25, 2015)
* Pitched a combined no-hitter (September 1, 2014)
Ryan Howard

**Ryan James Howard** (born November 19, 1979), nicknamed "**The Big Piece**", is an American former professional baseball first baseman. Howard spent his entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career playing for the Philadelphia Phillies, from 2004 to 2016. He is known for being the fastest player in baseball history to reach 1,000 RBIs, 100 home runs, and 200 home runs.  Howard also holds numerous Phillies franchise records.

Howard made his MLB debut in 2004. He won the National League (NL) Rookie of the Year Award in 2005 and the NL Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award in 2006. Howard was a three-time NL All-Star (2006, 2009, 2010), and won the Silver Slugger Award, Hank Aaron Award, and the NL Championship Series MVP Award in 2009. Known for his power, Howard is a member of the 50 home run club. He was a two-time NL home run champion (2006, 2008), and became the fastest player to reach both the 100 and 200 home run milestones in MLB history, passing the marks in 2007 and 2009, respectively. He is also tied with Sammy Sosa for the most National League 140 RBI seasons at 3 and the most National League 130 RBI seasons at 4.

## Infobox (baseball biography)

- **name**: Ryan Howard
- **image**: File:Ryan Howard (18878856955).jpg
- **image size**: 240px
- **caption**: Howard with the Phillies
- **position**: First baseman
- **bats**: Left
- **throws**: Left
- **birth place**: St. Louis, Missouri
- **debutleague**: MLB
- **debutdate**: September 1
- **debutyear**: 2004
- **debutteam**: Philadelphia Phillies
- **finalleague**: MLB
- **finaldate**: October 2
- **finalyear**: 2016
- **finalteam**: Philadelphia Phillies
- **statleague**: MLB
- **stat1label**: Batting average (baseball), Batting average
- **stat1value**: .258
- **stat2label**: Home runs
- **stat2value**: 382
- **stat3label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat3value**: 1,194
- **teams**: * Philadelphia Phillies (–)
- **awards**: * 3× Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star (2006 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 2006, 2009 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 2009, 2010 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 2010)
* World Series champion ()
* Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award, NL MVP (2006)
* Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award, NL Rookie of the Year (2005)
* League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award, NLCS MVP ()
* List of Silver Slugger Award winners at first base, Silver Slugger Award (2006)
* Hank Aaron Award, NL Hank Aaron Award (2006)
* 2× List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders, MLB home run leader (2006, 2008)
* 3× List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders, MLB RBI leader (2006, 2008, 2009)
Ugyen Wangchuck

**Gongsa Ugyen Wangchuck**(, Wylie: _o rgyan dbang phyug_; 1862-1926) was the first King of Bhutan from 1907 to 1926. He was born in 1862 to Jigme Namgyal, Penlop (governor) of Trongsa and Ashi Pema Choki. He succeeded his father as Penlop of Trongsa. From his power base in central Bhutan, Ugyen Wangchuck defeated his political enemies and united the country following several civil wars and rebellions in 1882–1885.

In what was an epochal year for the country, in 1907 Ugyen Wangchuck was unanimously chosen as the hereditary monarch of the country by the people at Punakha, the old Capital of Bhutan.

For his services in mediating between the British and Tibetans during the Younghusband Expedition to Lhasa, Tibet, he was knighted by the British in 1904. He was appointed Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) in the 1921 New Year Honours, having already been appointed Knight Commander (KCIE) in 1904.

## Honours

- Delhi Durbar Gold Medal - 1911
- Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI) - 1911
- Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) - 1921  (KCIE - 1904)

## Other websites

- http://www.longitudebooks.com/find/p/1757/mcms.html

## Infobox (_monarch)

- **name**: Ugyen Wangchuck

- **title**: 1st King of Bhutan
- **image**: File:Ugyen Wangchuck, 1905.jpg
- **reign**: December 17, 1907–August 21, 1926
- **predecessor**: None (Hereditary Monarchy Created)
- **successor**: Jigme Wangchuck
- **spouse**: Ashi Tsundue Lhamo
- **issue**: Jigme Wangchuck
Lemo Wangchuck
Lhadron Wangchuck
- **royal house**: Wangchuck Dynasty
- **father**: Jigme Namgyal
- **mother**: Ashi Pema Choki
- **birth date**: 1862
- **birth place**: Bumthang District, Bumthang, Wangduecholing Palace
- **death date**: August 7, 1926 (aged 64)
Kevin McKenna (Irish republican)

**Kevin McKenna** (; 25 June 1945 – 25 June 2019) was an Irish republican and volunteer in the Tyrone Brigade. He was the Chief of Staff of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). McKenna was the longest-serving chief of staff of the IRA, serving from 1983 to 1997.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Kevin McKenna
- **birth place**: near Aughnacloy, County Tyrone, Aughnacloy, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland
- **allegiance**: Provisional Irish Republican Army
- **serviceyears**: mid 1960s –
- **rank**: List of IRA Chiefs of Staff#Chiefs of Staff of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (1969–present), Chief of Staff
- **battles**: The Troubles
- **battles label**: Conflict
Jeff Austin

**Jeff Austin** (April 25, 1974 – June 24, 2019) was an American mandolinist and singer. He is best known for being a founding member of the progressive bluegrass group Yonder Mountain String Band. The band formed in 1998, and by 2014, Austin had left the group. He released his first solo album, titled _The Simple Truth_, on February 10, 2015.

Austin was born in Arlington Heights, Illinois and grew up in Elk Grove. He died on June 24, 2019 in Seattle, Washington, at the age of 45.
Jonás Gómez Gallo

**Jonás Gómez Gallo** (12 July 1923 – 24 June 2019) was a Chilean businessman and politician. He was a member of the Radical Party (1948–1971) and the Radical Left Party (1971–1973). He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1957 to 1961, and as a Senator from 1961 to 1969.

Gómez Gallo was born in Antofagasta. He died on 24 June 2019 in Santiago, Chile, at the age of 95.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jonás Gómez Gallo
- **image**: Jonás Gómez.jpg
- **caption**: Gómez Gallo in 2011
- **nationality**: Chilean
- **occupation**: Businessman and politician
Dumitru Focșeneanu

**Dumitru Focşneanu** (8 November 1935 – 20 June 2019) was a Romanian bobsledder. He was born in Breaza. He had his best results as a brakeman with Ion Panțuru. Focșeneanu and Panțuru won two medals in the two-man event at the FIBT World Championships with a silver in 1969 and a bronze in 1973. He also competed in the two-man (placing 12th) and four-man (placing 10th) events at the 1972 Winter Olympics.

Focșeneanu died of a stroke on 20 June 2019, at the age of 83.

## Other websites

- Dumitru Focșeneanu at the International Olympic Committee
Georges Brossard

**Georges Brossard**  (February 11, 1940 – June 26, 2019) was a Canadian entomologist. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. He founded the Montreal Insectarium, a natural history museum featuring insects that first opened on February 7, 1990. He also hosted the Discovery Channel documentary program _Insectia_. He became a Member of the Order of Canada in 1999, and a Knight of the National Order of Quebec in 2006.

Brossard died of lung cancer on June 26, 2019 in Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Quebec. He was 79.

## Other websites

- Montreal Insectarium
Yekaterina Mikhailova-Demina

**Yekaterina Illarionovna Mikhailova-Demina** (; 22 December 1925 – 24 June 2019) was a Russian military doctor. She was the only woman to have served in front-line reconnaissance in the Soviet marines during World War II. She reportedly carried hundreds of men off the battlefield and was seriously wounded three times during her career as a medic with the marines. For many years, Mikhailova-Demina was not awarded for her efforts during the war. In 1990, she was honoured by President Mikhail Gorbachev with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Mikhailova-Demina was born in Leningrad. She died on 24 June 2019 in Moscow, at the age of 93.
Nature Ganganbaigal

**Nature Ganganbaigal** (1990 – June 2019) was a Chinese musician, singer, songwriter and movie music composer. He was based in New York City. He was from Beijing and was of mixed Han Chinese and Mongol ancestry. He founded the Mongolian folk rock/metal band Tengger Cavalry in 2010. The group has been featured on _Billboard_, CNN, _Vice_, MTV and _Chicago Reader_. He performed the Mongolian morin khuur and throat singing. He was a graduate of New York University.

Ganganbaigal died in June 2019, at the age of 29.
Gualberto Castro

**Gualberto Antonio Castro Levario** (12 July 1934 – 27 June 2019) was a Mexican singer, actor and television personality. He was best known for singing with Los Hermanos Castro (aka "The Brothers Castro") and for hosting the television program _La Carabina de Ambrosio_. He played the part of Tony in the Mexican production of _West Side Story_ in 1977. Castro was born in Mexico City.

Castro died of a lung infection caused by bladder cancer on 27 June 2019 in Mexico City at the age of 84.
2020 OFC Nations Cup

The **2020 OFC Nations Cup** will be the 11th edition of the OFC Nations Cup, the international men's football championship of Oceania organised by the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) that happens once every four years. Season has been cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania

New Zealand are the defending champions.

## Qualification

All 11 FIFA-affiliated national teams from OFC can enter. A qualification round may be held for the lowest-ranked teams before the final tournament.
Curtis Armstrong

**Curtis Armstrong** (born November 27, 1953) is an American actor best known for playing the roles of Booger in the _Revenge of the Nerds_ movies, Herbert Viola on the TV series _Moonlighting_, Miles Dalby in the film _Risky Business_, famed record producer Ahmet Ertegün in the film _Ray_ as well as for playing the role of Metatron on the TV series _Supernatural._

He is also known for providing his voice for such characters as Schmuley "Snot" Lonstein on the animated TV series _American Dad!_ and Maru in the animated film _Planes: Fire & Rescue_ in addition to portraying the title character on the animated TV series  _Dan Vs._

From 2013 to 2015, he served as the co-host of the TBS reality television competition series _King of the Nerds_ and the bank manager in neo-western crime film _Hell or High Water_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Curtis Armstrong
- **image**: Curtis Armstrong by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Curtis Armstrong at Phoenix Comicon in 2017
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, voice actor, singer
- **years active**: 1983–present
Nebulizer

A nebulizer is a small machine that creates a mist out of liquid medication, allowing for quicker and easier absorption of medication into the lungs.  Typically, nebulizers come in both electric or battery-run versions, and are either portable or meant to sit on a table and plug into a wall.

It is also used for the patients with runny nose or nasal stroke. A nebulizer delivers liquid medication via pressurized air. While individuals with asthma typically use both nebulizers and inhalers, occasionally, a nebulizer may be easier to use — especially when it comes to young children who may not have the proper technique for an inhaler.

A nebulizer is helpful for a variety of conditions, including:

- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Asthma
- Bronchiectasis
- Cystic fibrosis
- Pulmonary fibrosis

## Types of nebulizers

There are three main types of nebulizers:

- **Jet nebulizers** make an aerosol out of medications using a compressed gas (like air). These are the most common type of nebulizers.
- **Ultrasonic nebulizers** make an aerosol via high-frequency vibrations causing ultrasonic atomization of the liquid. These are more commonly used in hospitals and typically are not for personal use.
- **Mesh nebulizers** use a mesh cap with tiny holes that help dispense medication in a very efficient way. These nebulizers are newer and often more effective than jet nebulizers.
Ásgeir Ásgeirsson

**Ásgeir Ásgeirsson** (; 13 May 1894 – 15 September 1972) was the second President of Iceland. He was president from 1952 to 1968. He was the 6th Prime Minister of Iceland from 1932 to 1934.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ásgeir Ásgeirsson
- **image**: Asgeir Asgeirsson.jpg
- **office1**: List of presidents of Iceland, 2nd President of Iceland
- **term start1**: 1 August 1952
- **term end1**: 1 August 1968
- **primeminister1**: Hermann Jónasson
Emil Jónsson
Ólafur Thors
Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1908), Bjarni Benediktsson
Ólafur Thors
Bjarni Benediktsson (born 1908), Bjarni Benediktsson
- **predecessor1**: Sveinn Björnsson
- **successor1**: Kristján Eldjárn
- **office2**: 6th Prime Minister of Iceland
- **term start2**: 3 June 1932
- **term end2**: 28 July 1934
- **monarch2**: Christian X of Denmark, Kristján X
- **predecessor2**: Tryggvi Þórhallsson
- **successor2**: Hermann Jónasson
- **birth date**: 13 May 1894
- **birth place**: Kóranesi á Mýrum, Iceland
- **death place**: Reykjavík, Iceland
- **party**: Progressive Party (Iceland), Progressive Party
Social Democratic Party (Iceland), Social Democratic Party
- **spouse**: Dóra Þórhallsdóttir
Randy Romero

**Randy Paul Romero**  (December 22, 1957 – August 28, 2019) was an American Hall of Fame jockey. He was born in Erath, Louisiana. He was elected into the Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame May 27, 2010. In 1975, he began his riding career at Evangeline Downs in Lafayette, Louisiana. He was nicknamed the "Ragin' Cajun".

Romero rode the future Hall of Fame filly to an undefeated career, capped off with a victory in the 1988 Breeders' Cup Distaff. The following year he won his third straight Breeders' Cup race, taking the Juvenile Fillies event with Go for Wand.

Romero had kidney disease and hepatitis C caused by a tainted blood transfusion. In 2015, he was diagnosed with stomach cancer and needed daily dialysis. On June 19, 2019, Romero entered in hospice care in Lafayette, Louisiana due to his cancer. He died two months later on August 28 under hospice care from the disease, aged 61.

## Other websites

- Cincinnati Enquirer, "Horse racing's dirty little secret"
- Boston University, WBUR Public Radio story on Randy Romero
- NTRA Bio Randy Romero
Erath, Louisiana

**Erath** is a town in Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,028 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Abbeville Micropolitan Statistical Area and home of The Acadian Museum.
Rachid Sfar

**Rachid Sfar** (11 September 1933 – 20 July 2023) was a Tunisian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Tunisia from July 1986 to October 1987 working for  President Habib Bourguiba. He was born in Mahdia, Tunisia.

Sfar died on 20 July 2023 at the age of 89.
Civil Works Administration

The **Civil Works Administration** (CWA) was a program that created jobs. It did not last long. It was created by the New Deal during the Great Depression. The jobs were manual-labor jobs for millions of unemployed workers. The jobs were temporary, meaning the workers didn't work for a very long time. This lasted during winter of 1933–34. President Franklin D. Roosevelt told everyone about the CWA on November 8, 1933, and put Harry L. Hopkins in charge of it.

The CWA was a project created from the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). The CWA created construction jobs, mainly making new buildings and bridges (or making them better). It ended on March 31, 1934. $200 million per month was spent. It gave jobs to four million people.
Balanced budget

A **balanced budget** is a budget in which the amount of money spent is the same as the amount of money received. In general, it's a budget that has no budget deficit (spending more money than one has), but it could have a budget surplus (spending less money than one has).

Balanced budgets and budget deficits are a controversial issue among economists and politicians. Some economists think that a balanced budget can lower interest rates, increase investment, shrink trade deficits, and help the economy grow. Other economists think that among countries that can print their own money balanced budgets aren't as important. These economists also say that government spending can boost productivity, innovation, and savings in the private sector. Many economists who think this are supporters of Modern Monetary Theory (MMT).
Solomon River

The **Solomon River** is a  river in the central Great Plains of North America. The entire river in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is a tributary of the Smoky Hill River.

## Names

The Native name for the river was **Nepaholla**. It meant "Water on the Hill". This is a reference to Waconda Spring, which was in the river valley.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Solomon River
- **name other**: Kiicawiicaku, Mahkineohe, Nepaholla, Rivere de Soucis, Wisgapalla
- **map**: Smokyhillrivermap.png
- **map caption**: Map of the Smoky Hill drainage basin including the Solomon River
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: United States
- **subdivision type2**: State
- **subdivision name2**: Kansas
- **discharge1 location**: USGS 06876900 at Niles, Kansas, Niles, KS
- **source confluence**: Waconda Lake
- **source confluence location**: Cawker City, Kansas
- **mouth**: Smoky Hill River
- **mouth location**: Solomon, Kansas
- **tributaries left**: North Fork Solomon River
- **tributaries right**: South Fork Solomon River
- **custom label**: Watersheds
- **custom data**: Solomon-Smoky Hill River, Smoky Hill-Kansas River, Kansas-Missouri River, Missouri-Mississippi River, Mississippi
Persicaria

***Persicaria*** is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the knotweed family, Polygonaceae. Plants of the genus are known commonly as knotweeds. or **smartweeds**. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species occurring nearly worldwide.

## Further reading

- Kong M.-J & S.-P Hong 2018. Comparative achene morpohology of Persicaria sect Cephalophilon and related taxa (Polygonaceae). Korean J Pl Taxon 48(2):134-142

## Other websites

- Kim S and MJ Donogue 2008 Molecular phylogeny of Persicaria (Persicarieae) Polygonaceae Syst Bot. 33:77-86
Filandia

**Filandia** is a Colombian municipality belonging to  Quindío Department.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Filandia
- **type**: Municipality
- **nickname**: "La Colina Iluminada de los Andes" ("Illuminated Hill of the Andes")
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Colombia, Municipality and town
- **image skyline**: Filandia.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Filandia, Quindio
- **image flag**: Flag of Filandia (Quindío).svg
- **image seal**: Escudo Municipal Filandia Quindío.jpg
- **image map**: Colombia - Quindío - Filandia.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of the municipality and town of Filandia, Quindío in the Quindío Department of Colombia.
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Colombia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Departments of Colombia, Department
- **subdivision name1**: Quindío Department
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 20 August 1878
- **area total km2**: 109.4
- **area urban km2**: 0.8
- **area rural km2**: 108.6
- **population as of**: 2008
- **population total**: 13,700
- **population rural**: 6,341
- **population urban**: 6,729
- **timezone**: Colombia Standard Time (GMT-5)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **elevation m**: 1,923
Armenia, Colombia

**Armenia** is a Colombian municipality, capital of Quindío Department.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Armenia
- **image skyline**: CIUDAD MILAGRO.jpg
- **image flag**: Flag of Armenia, Colombia.svg
- **image seal**: Escudo de Armenia (Quindio).svg
- **image map**: Colombia - Quindío - Armenia.svg
- **map caption**: Location of the city and municipality of Armenia in the Quindio Department
- **pushpin map**: Colombia
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Colombia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Colombia
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Colombia, Region
- **subdivision type2**: departments of Colombia, Departamento
- **subdivision name1**: Andean Region (Colombia), Andes Region
- **subdivision name2**: Quindío Department
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1889
- **area total km2**: 140
- **elevation m**: 1551
- **population total**: 292008
- **population as of**: 2012
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population demonym**: Cuyabro(a)
- **area code**: +57 (+6)
- **type**: "Miracle City"
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone
- **utc offset**: -05
Deaths in July 2019

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in July 2019**. Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

### 1

- Bob Collymore, 61, Guyanese-born British businessman, Chief Executive of Safaricom (since 2010), acute myeloid leukaemia.
- Norman Geisler, 86, American theologian, co-creator of the Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy, cerebral thrombosis.
- Rolland Golden, 87, American artist.
- Oss Kröher, 91, German folk singer-songwriter.
- Sándor Popovics, 80, Hungarian-Dutch footballer (Újpesti Dózsa, Sparta Rotterdam) and football manager (N.E.C., De Graafschap), Alzheimer's disease.
- Sid Ramin, 100, American composer (_West Side Story_, _Too Many Thieves_, _Stiletto_), Oscar winner (1962).
- Bogusław Schaeffer, 90, Polish composer, musicologist and graphic artist.
- Tyler Skaggs, 27, American baseball pitcher (Arizona Diamondbacks, Los Angeles Angels).
Jeon Mi-seon

**Jeon Mi-seon** (; 7 December 1970 – 29 June 2019) was a South Korean actress. Her best known credits include movies and television series such as _Memories of Murder_ (2003), _Love Is a Crazy Thing_ (2005), _Moon Embracing the Sun_ (2012) and _Hide and Seek_ (2013). Jeon was born in Seoul.

Jeon was found dead on 29 June 2019 in Jeonju, at the age of 48. Her death is likely to have been a suicide by hanging, according to investigators.
David Golomb

**David Golomb** (‎; 4 February 1933 – 27 June 2019) was an Israeli politician. He served two terms as a member of the Knesset from 1968 to 1969, and again from 1977 to 1981. He was a member of four parties (Alignment, Labor Party, Democratic Movement for Change and Shinui) during his time in the Knesset.

Golomb was born in Tel Aviv. He was married to Miriam (who died in 2002), and had three children. He died on 27 June 2019, at the age of 86.

## Other websites

- David Golomb on the Knesset website
48 Hrs.

***48 Hrs.*** is a 1982 American buddy cop action comedy movie directed by Walter Hill. It is Joel Silver's first movie as a movie producer. The screenplay was written by Hill, Roger Spottiswoode, Larry Gross, Steven E. de Souza, and Jeb Stuart. The movie stars Nick Nolte and Eddie Murphy (in his movie debut and Golden Globe Award-nominated role) as a cop and convict, respectively, who team up to catch two cop-killers, Albert Ganz and Billy Bear, played respectively by James Remar and Sonny Landham. The title refers to the amount of time they have to solve the crime.

It is often credited as being the first movie in the "buddy cop" genre, which included the subsequent films _Beverly Hills Cop_ (also starring Murphy), _Lethal Weapon_, _Bad Boys_ and _Rush Hour_.

A sequel, _Another 48 Hrs._, was released on June 8, 1990.

## Cast

- Nick Nolte as Jack Cates
- Eddie Murphy as Reggie Hammond
- Annette O'Toole as Elaine Marshall
- Frank McRae as Captain Haden
- James Remar as Albert Ganz
- David Patrick Kelly as Luther
- Sonny Landham as Billy Bear
- Brion James as Ben Kehoe
Beverly Hills Cop

***Beverly Hills Cop*** is a 1984 American action comedy movie directed by Martin Brest, written by Daniel Petrie Jr. and starring Eddie Murphy as Axel Foley, a street-smart Detroit cop who visits Beverly Hills, California to solve the murder of his best friend. Judge Reinhold, John Ashton, Ronny Cox, Lisa Eilbacher, Steven Berkoff and Jonathan Banks appear in supporting roles. This first movie in the Beverly Hills Cop series shot Murphy to international stardom, won the People's Choice Award for "Favorite Motion Picture" and was nominated for both the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay in 1985. It earned $234 million at the North American domestic box office, making it the highest-grossing film released in 1984 in the U.S.

## Cast

- Eddie Murphy as Axel Foley
- Lisa Eilbacher as Jenny Summers
- Steven Berkoff as Victor Maitland
- Judge Reinhold as Detective Billy Rosewood
- Ronny Cox as Lieutenant Andrew Bogomil
- John Ashton as Sergeant John Taggart
- James Russo as Mikey Tandino
- Stephen Elliott as Chief Hubbard
- Paul Reiser as Jeffrey
Kyburg

**Kyburg** may refer to:
- Kyburg, Zurich, a former municipality in the part of the municipality of Illnau-Effretikon in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland
- Kyburg Castle, a castle in the municipality Kyburg, Switzerland
- The House of Kyburg that took their name from the castle
- Kyburg County, a former administrative unit in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland
- Kyburg-Buchegg, a former municipality in the part of the municipality of Buchegg in the Canton of Solothurn, Switzerland
Jamie Moyer

**Jamie Moyer** (born November 18, 1962) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Over his 25-year career in Major League Baseball (MLB), Moyer pitched for the Chicago Cubs, Texas Rangers, St. Louis Cardinals, Baltimore Orioles, Boston Red Sox, Seattle Mariners, Philadelphia Phillies, and Colorado Rockies. He was inducted into the Mariners Hall of Fame in 2015.

At the time of his final game, he was the oldest player in the major leagues and had the most wins, losses, and strikeouts of any active MLB pitcher. He was likened to Phil Niekro due to his long career and relatively old age upon retirement. On April 17, 2012, Moyer became the oldest pitcher in MLB history to win a game. On May 16, 2012, he broke his own winning-pitcher record and also set the record for the oldest MLB player to record a run batted in (RBI). Moyer made the All-Star team in 2003, while with the Mariners. Moyer has received numerous awards for philanthropy and community service, including the 2003 Roberto Clemente Award, the 2003 Lou Gehrig Memorial Award, the 2003 Hutch Award, and the 2004 Branch Rickey Award. Moyer is one of only 29 players in baseball history to date to have appeared in MLB games in four decades. At the time of his retirement, Moyer had faced 8.9% of all MLB hitters ever.

## Infobox (baseball biography)

- **name**: Jamie Moyer
- **image**: DSC01157 Jamie Moyer.jpg
- **caption**: Jamie Moyer pitching for the Philadelphia Phillies
- **position**: Pitcher
- **bats**: Left
- **throws**: Left
- **birth place**: Sellersville, Pennsylvania
- **debutleague**: MLB
- **debutdate**: June 16
- **debutyear**: 1986
- **debutteam**: Chicago Cubs
- **finalleague**: MLB
- **finaldate**: May 27
- **finalyear**: 2012
- **finalteam**: Colorado Rockies
- **statleague**: MLB
- **stat1label**: Win–loss record (pitching), Win–loss record
- **stat1value**: 269–209
- **stat2label**: Earned run average
- **stat2value**: 4.25
- **stat3label**: Strikeouts
- **stat3value**: 2,441
- **teams**: * Chicago Cubs (–)
* Texas Rangers (baseball), Texas Rangers (–)
* St. Louis Cardinals ()
* Baltimore Orioles (–)
* Boston Red Sox ()
* Seattle Mariners (–)
* Philadelphia Phillies (–)
* Colorado Rockies ()
- **awards**: * Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star (2003 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 2003)
* World Series champion ()
* Roberto Clemente Award (2003)
* Seattle Mariners Hall of Fame
Lebanon, South Dakota

**Lebanon** is a town in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Potter County. The city is about 0.53 square miles (1.37 km<sup>2</sup>) in land area, about 40% of the size of Central Park in New York City. As of 2020, it had 33 people living in it.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lebanon, South Dakota
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: Potter_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Lebanon_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Potter County, South Dakota, Potter County and the state of South Dakota
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: South Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Potter County, South Dakota, Potter
- **established title3**: Incorporated
- **established date3**: 1917
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 1.37
- **area land km2**: 1.37
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.53
- **area land sq mi**: 0.53
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 33
- **population density km2**: 24.02
- **population density sq mi**: 62.26
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 1952
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 57455
- **area code**: Area code 605, 605
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 46-36260
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1267456