juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Feta cheese

**Feta cheese** (, feminine gender; pronounced ), or simply **Feta** is a kind of cheese. Usually it is made from the milk of sheep or goats. Feta cheese originally is from the Greek mainland, or from Lesbos in the Aegean Sea.

It is an ingredient in a Greek Salad.

Other cheese (which is usually not from Greece and is usually made from cow milk) must not be called _Feta_ from 2007. The European Court said so in its decisions  C-465/02 and  C-466/02 (from October 25, 2005).

This ruling is only valid for the European Union, and other countries in Europe. Several member state of the WTO still think that the term "feta" is generic.  European Member states wanted to defend this protected designation  of origin at the WTO talks in Doha.

## History

What is now called _feta cheese_ was known to Ancient Greeks. Homer must have known about it. There were several references to the cheese in the _Odyssey_. According to the myth, the cyclops Polyphemos was the first cheese manufacturer. He carried the milk in animal-skin bags. He had collected the milk from his sheep. He was very surprised to see that days later the milk had become solid. When Polyphemus tried to eat it, it tasted well. He also found that as such a solid, it would go bad later than with milk.

The name _Feta_ has an Italian origin. It is derived from _fetta_ (slice), and dates back to the 17th century. Very likely this referred to the method of cutting the cheese in slices to put it in barrels.

## Other websites

- Feta registered as Protected Designation of Origin
- http://www.feta.gr on feta's history, production and conservation methods, plus dozens of recipes with feta
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

***Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band*** is an album released by the Beatles. It was the eighth Beatles album released in the United Kingdom. It was released on 1 June 1967. It was at the top of music charts in the UK for twenty-seven weeks. It has many well-known songs, such as "When I'm Sixty-Four" and "A Day in the Life", which John Lennon and Paul McCartney worked on together. For a while before this album came out, The Beatles had been trying new things when they made records, but this album made a much bigger change in the way they sounded.

The album title was used later for a 1978 Universal Pictures movie. Peter Frampton and the Bee Gees played Sgt. Pepper's band, while Billy Preston was the Sergeant. George Burns played Mr. Kite (the mayor), Steve Martin (in his first film) played Maxwell Edison, and Aerosmith was the Future Villain Band. It consistently holds the top spot on critics' lists of the greatest albums of all time.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: The Beatles
- **released**: 1 June 1967
- **recorded**: 6 December 1966 – 21 April 1967 at Abbey Road Studios, London, England
- **genre**: Rock • pop • psychedelic rock • art rock
- **length**: 39:42
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Parlophone/Capitol Records, Capitol
- **producer**: George Martin
- **prev title**: Revolver (album), Revolver
- **prev year**: 1966
- **next title**: Magical Mystery Tour
- **next year**: 1967
Winter Palace

The **Winter Palace** in St. Petersburg, Russia, is one of the greatest and largest palaces. From 1732 to 1917, it was the official residence of the Russian Tsars. It was built on the shores of the Neva River between 1754 and 1762.

Tsar Nicholas I, in the 19th century, was  responsible for the palace's present appearance and layout. He made many changes to the interior of the palace, and was responsible for its complete rebuilding after the fire of 1837.

On 30 October 1917, the palace was declared to be part of the Hermitage Museum. Today, the palace, as part one of the world's most famous museums, attracts an annual 3.5 million visitors.
Standing's day gecko

The **Standing's day gecko** (***Phelsuma standingi*** Methuen & Hewitt, 1913) is a  type of gecko. It is diurnal, which means that it sleeps during the night and is awake during the day. It lives in southwest Madagascar and usually is found on trees. Standing's day gecko eats insects and nectar (a type of drink created by flowers).
Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor

**Charles VI** (1 October 1685 – 20 October 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor from 12 October 1711 to 20 October 1740. He was emperor after his elder brother, Joseph I. His daughter, Maria Theresia of Austria, inherited the throne after he died.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Charles VI
- **image**: Workshop of Jacob van Schuppen - Portrait of Emperor Karl VI.png
- **caption**: Portrait by Jacob van Schuppen
- **succession**: Holy Roman Emperor
- **moretext**: (#Regnal titles, more...)
- **reign**: 12 October 1711 –
- **coronation**: 22 December 1711
 Frankfurt Cathedral
- **cor-type**: Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor#German ritual, Coronation
- **predecessor**: Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, Joseph I
- **successor**: Charles VII
- **house**: House of Habsburg, Habsburg
- **issue-link**: #Children
- **father**: Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
- **mother**: Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg
- **birth place**: Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Austria, Holy Roman Empire
- **death place**: Palais Augarten, Vienna, Austria, Holy Roman Empire
- **place of burial**: Imperial Crypt
- **signature**: Signature of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor.svg
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism
Ritual

A **ritual** (or a ***rite***) is a set of actions people do. In a ritual, the actions are important because every action stands for something. Each ritual of a type is done in a certain way.  Danger might be involved in carrying out the ritual. When the ritual has been performed successfully, it is often followed by a celebration.

Rituals can mark a personal change. For example, a rite of passage may show that a child has reached the age of majority. All societies seem to have had them.

A religious rite is a religious ceremony. Many rituals have a religious significance and are part of the religion or traditions of a community. The rite signals that those who take part are members of the religion, or believers in the religion. The rite may signal status, qualification, prayer and commitment to the god or to the belief.

A rite need not be to a religion as understood in the present day. Fervent support of a sports team, or kissing the ring of an organised crime lord, or a military enrollment is equally a rite, because it has consequences for the behaviour of the person, and for their beliefs.

A ritual can also be linked to obsessive compulsive disorder, when a person believes that performing the ritual again and again is necessary.

## Related pages

- Liturgy
- Mass (liturgy)
- Ceremony
Poseidon

**Poseidon** () is the god of the sea, earthquakes, storms and horses in ancient Greek religion and myth. He was one of the Twelve Olympians. His parents were Cronos(Kronos) and Rhea. He was the older brother of Zeus yet not by much.

Poseidon was generally regarded as an ill-tempered being. His mood was a reflection of the state of his realm. He was thought to conjure up violent storms at sea when angered. While he was married to the goddess Amphitrite, one of the Nereids, like his brother Zeus, Poseidon had a number of affairs with other goddesses and mortal woman, siring such heroes as Theseus and Bellerophon. Lord of the waters, Poseidon was both patron and protector of both sailors and seafarers, who would pray to him for safe passage across the sea. Poseidon was often regarded as the “Father of Horses,” as they were thought to be his creations. He was additionally the chief deity and patron of the city of Corinth, whereupon the Isthmian Games were held every other four years in his honor. Otherwise known as the **Earf-Shaker** (), Poseidon was thought to be the cause of such disasters, striking the Earth with his trident (a three-pronged spear) whenever he was particularly enraged. The god's symbol was his trident and the bull, horse and dolphin were his sacred animals. The god Neptune is his Roman equivalent. Neptune was a more war-like figure. He is named after the ship which sank by a tsunami.

## Related pages

- Neptune (god) – Roman version of Poseidon
- Percy Jackson – Fictional Child of Poseidon
- Proteus - sea god in Greek mythology

## Infobox (deity)

- **type**: Greek
- **name**: Poseidon
- **image**: 0036MAN Poseidon.jpg
- **caption**: Poseidon from Milos, 2nd century BC (National Archaeological Museum of Athens)
- **god of**: God of seas, oceans, water, rain, flood, drought, lakes, rivers, earthquakes, soil, storms, and horses
- **abode**: Mount Olympus, or the Sea
- **symbol**: Trident of Poseidon, Trident, fish, dolphin, horse and bull
- **consort**: Amphitrite, Aphrodite, Demeter, and Poseidon#Female lovers and offspring, various others
- **parents**: Cronus and Rhea (mythology), Rhea
- **siblings**: Hades, Demeter, Hestia, Hera, Zeus, Chiron
- **children**: Theseus
Triton (mythology), Triton
Polyphemus
Orion (mythology), Orion
Belus
Agenor
Neleus
Atlas_(mythology)#King_of_Atlantis, Atlas (the first king of Atlantis) Percy Jackson
- **roman equivalent**: Neptune (mythology), Neptune
Message passing

In computer science, a **message** is a bit of data, which is sent by a sender, to a recipient. This is usually done by copying the data around. In an event-driven model, the recipient will then act in a certain way to the message.
Handball

(For the different sport of the same name played with two, three or four players, see American handball.)

**Handball** (also known as **team handball**, **field handball** or **Olympic handball**) is a team sport similar to football (soccer). Two teams of 7 players each (six players and a goalkeeper) pass and bounce a ball using the hands, trying to throw it into the goal of the other team. Games are an hour of playing time, divided into 30-minute halves, with 15 minutes break at halftime. The size of the court is a little bigger than a basketball court, 40 meters by 20 meters, which is the same court as indoor soccer. It has a six-meter line which no one but the goalie is allowed to have possession of the ball and touching the ground. If this happens, a foul is called and the player committing the foul gets ejected, (sitting out of the game for two minutes, five minutes, or the rest of the game). There are seven players total on a handball team, six players and a goalie. Most historians agree that handball predates soccer, (football) but that is not for certain
|colspan="3"|Compare: Football and Handball||
| --- | --- | --- |
||Football|Handball|
|Players|11 players and 3 substitutes|There are 14 players (7 players on the court and 7 substitutes)|
|Time|90 minutes regular time, 15 minutes break and time which referee will add|60 minutes regular time and 15 minutes break at halftime . The first part has 30 minutes and the second part has 30 minutes too|

## Books to read

- "Team handball." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2012

## Infobox (sport)

- **name**: Handball
- **equipment**: Ball and goals
- **venue**: Indoor court
- **image**: Handball pictogram.svg
- **imagesize**: 250
- **caption**: Handball
- **union**: International Handball Federation, IHF
- **first**: in Berlin, Germany.
- **registered**: > 27 million (2016)
- **contact**: Limited
- **team**: 7 per side (including goalkeeper)
- **mgender**: separate competitions
- **category**: Team sport, ball sport
- **olympic**: Part of Summer Olympic programme in 1936.
Demonstrated at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Returned to the Summer Olympic programme in 1972.
- **iwga**: Beach handball: 2001 World Games, 2001present (invitational sport before 2013)
- **region**: Worldwide but most popular in Europe
Oscar

**Oscar** can refer to two things:
- Academy Award, commonly known as the **Oscars**
- Oscar (given name), a male given name
Twelve Olympians

The **Twelve Olympians** are the most important gods of Greek mythology, who lived atop Mount Olympus (Mytikas peek 2917.727 m). Seventeen gods have been said to have been Olympians, but there were never more than twelve at the same time.

Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Ares, Hermes, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Athena, Apollo, and Artemis are always considered to be Olympians. Hestia, Dionysus, and Hades are the gods who have sometimes been Olympians. Thus, it is theorised that Hestia gave up her place to Dionysus because she wanted to live amongst humans however no records of this actually exist

The Olympians became the most important gods when Zeus and his brothers and sisters won a war against the Titans. Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Hestia, and Hades are all brothers and sisters. All the other gods are Zeus's children and have different mothers.

## Gods who are Olympians

- Zeus is the most important god. He is the ruler of Mount Olympus and is the god of the weather. "If you were to chain the heavens and attempt to drag me down, with the power of you all, you could not. If I were to attempt to drag you down, it would be an easy matter."
- Poseidon is the god of the oceans. He is the next most important god to Zeus along with Hades.
- Hera is Zeus' wife. She is the goddess of marriage.
- Ares is the god of war and violence.
- Artemis is the goddess of hunting and animals.
- Hephaestus is the god of fire and forging.
- Apollo is the god of light, dance, music, medicine, archery, and poems.
- Hermes is the messenger of the gods. He is also the god of travelers, thieves and shepherds.
- Hestia is the goddess of the home and family.
- Demeter is the goddess of the earth, wheat, flowers and plants.
- Aphrodite is the goddess of love and beauty.
- Athena is the goddess of wisdom, the arts, industry, justice and skill.
Hermes

**Hermes** is the _messenger of the gods_. He is the god of winter, travellers and shepherds in Greek mythology. He is one of the Twelve Olympians, and is often shown with his caduceus.

Hermes is the son of Zeus and Maia. He was born on Mount Cyllene. The story of his birth was told in the Homeric Hymn, which means _Hymn to Hermes_. It said that Maia was a nymph.

Hermes was very clever and on his first day invented the lyre, by using the shell of a tortoise. He carries a golden sword. One of the myths about Hermes is that he once stole his brother's oxen, and burned them as a sacrifice.

## Children

- Tyche was a daughter with Aphrodite.
- Hermaphroditus was a son with Aphrodite.

## Related pages

- Hermeticism
- Turms - Etruscan mythology version of Hermes
- Mercury - Roman mythology version of Hermes

## Infobox (deity)

- **type**: Greek
- **name**: Hermes
- **image**: Hermes Ingenui Pio-Clementino Inv544.jpg
- **caption**: _Hermes Ingenui_ (Vatican Museums), Roman copy of the 2nd century BC after a Greek original of the 5th century BC.
- **god of**: Messenger of the gods, god of winter, trade, thieves, travelers, sports, athletes, cunning, wit, sleep, magic, border crossings, Psychopomp, guide to the Underworld
- **abode**: Mount Olympus
- **symbol**: Talaria, caduceus, tortoise, lyre, rooster, Petasos (Winged helmet)
- **consort**: Merope (Pleiades), Merope, Aphrodite, Dryope, Peitho
- **parents**: Zeus and Maia (mythology), Maia
- **siblings**: Aeacus, Angelos (Greek mythology), Angelos, Aphrodite, Apollo, Ares, Artemis, Athena, Dionysus, Eileithyia, Enyo, Eris (mythology), Eris, Ersa, Hebe (mythology), Hebe, Helen of Troy, Hephaestus, Heracles, Minos, Pandia, Persephone, Perseus, Rhadamanthus, the Graces, the Horae, the Litae, the Muses, the Moirai
- **children**: Pan (god), Pan, Hermaphroditus, Abderus, Autolycus, Eudorus, Angelia, Myrtilus
- **roman equivalent**: Mercury (mythology), Mercury
Maia

**Maia** is the goddess of the fields in Greek mythology. She is the oldest of the Pleiades.  She is also the most beautiful and the shyest.

The Pleiades were the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione. Maia and her sisters were all born on Mount Cyllene, which is in Arcadia.

Maia was the mother of Hermes by Zeus, who is another god. She gave birth to Hermes in a cave in Arcadia. After Maia gave birth to Hermes she wrapped him in blankets and then went to sleep. When she woke up, Hermes had crawled away to Thessaly and had invented the lyre and stole some of Apollo's cattle.

Maia also looked after Arkas when Hera had turned his mother, Kallisto, into a bear.

## Related pages

- Pleiades (mythology)
Pleiades (mythology)

The Pleiades or Seven Sisters are seven nymphs in Greek mythology, and companions of Artemis. They were the seven daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione.  They were all born on Mount Cyllene, which is in Arcadia.

## The Pleiades

- Maia, who was the eldest.  She was the mother of Hermes by Zeus.
- Elektra, who was the mother of Dardanus and Iasion by Zeus.
- Taygete, who was the mother of Lacedaemon by Zeus.
- Alkyone, who was the mother of Hyrieus by Poseidon.
- Kelaino, who was mother of Lycus and Eurypylus by Poseidon.
- Asterope, who was mother of Oenomaus by Ares.
- Merope, who was youngest, and married Sisyphus.
Imperialism

**Imperialism** is a policy (way of governing) in which large or powerful countries seek to extend their authority beyond their own borders. The policy of imperialism aims at the creation of an empire.

Imperialist countries take control of other countries.  They may use military force to do this. However, they may also avoid using military force. They may simply establish economic and/or political control over the other country.

Imperialist policies of countries or kingdoms have goals of taking over more land to create bigger empires.

The ruler of an empire gains natural resources such as agricultural and mining products. Human resources are also gained. Conquered peoples may be forced into slavery or into low-wage work. They may also be called into military service on behalf of the empire. Trade markets are also gained. The people under an imperial government may be forced to buy products from that government or from that government's industries.

Thus, a policy of imperialism can vastly enrich the imperialist country. This benefit can extend over a long period of time.

Imperialism has been practiced throughout recorded history. However, there is one historical period that is specifically known as the Age of Imperialism. This period extends from the early 18th century to the mid-20th century.

During the Age of Imperialism, modern and industrialized countries competed for control of pre-industrial parts of the world. In pre-industrial areas, natural and human resources were widely and cheaply available. The imperialist countries that acquired the largest empires during the Age of Imperialism are The United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.

Some writers use the term "imperialism" informally.  They use the term to mean any type of domination of one country over another part of the world. Domination especially happened in Asia and Africa.

## Related pages

- Colony
- Nazism
- Fascism
- Annexation
- Colonialism
- _Mein Kampf_
- Fascist Italy
- Protectorate
- World War II
- Nazi Germany
- Decolonization
- Russian Empire
- German Empire

## Other websites

- Imperialism Quotations
- State, Imperialism and Capitalism by Joseph Schumpeter
- Economic Imperialism by A.J.P.Taylor
- Imperialism Entry in the Columbia Encyclopedia (Bartleby)
- The Nation-State, Core and Periphery: A Brief sketch of Imperialism in the 20th century.
Heresy

**"Heresy"** means ideas or actions that do not agree with traditional religious doctrines. Some religious groups use the word "heresy" to describe beliefs that challenge theirs. A person who has these beliefs is called a **heretic**.

## History

Jewish leaders during Jesus's lifetime called him a heretic because he did not preach traditional Judaism, according to the Gospel of Matthew (26:57-67).

In its first few centuries, the Roman Catholic Church accused religious doctrines like Monophysitism and Arianism of heresy. Later, throughout the Middle Ages, they accused a number of other religious sects (like the Cathars) of being heretical. In the 11th and 12th centuries, thousands of people were burned at the stake for heresy. This execution ritual was supposedly meant to save the heretic's soul. Under torture, many people accused of heresy falsely confessed.

As a result of the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church created the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. It is the official doctrine that decides what heresy is and how to deal with it.

Still in the 21st century, Muslims who apostatize are often treated very harshly and frequently killed.

### Catholicism and Protestantism

The Catholic Church sees several heresies in Protestantism. For example:

- Protestants claim only scripture (the Bible) is relevant for the faith (_sola scriptura_); the Catholic Church says traditions are also important.
- Protestants say that belief is enough to be saved (_sola fide_). Catholics say that good deeds are necessary as well.
- Protestants say that any baptised person can be a priest. In the Catholic and Orthodox churches, priests are ordained. This means that some people are not priests, even though they have been baptised.
- According to Protestants, there is no Transubstantiation during mass (liturgy).

The Roman Missal contains heresies, according to Protestants.
41

### Roman Empire

- January 24 – Roman Emperor Gaius Caesar (Caligula) is assassinated by his unhappy Praetorian Guards.
- January 25 Claudius is made Roman Emperor by the Senate.
- Claudius makes Agrippa king of Judea.
- Seneca the Younger is banished to Corsica on a charge of adultery with Julia Livilla
- Claudius restores religious freedom to the Jews throughout the empire.
- An attack across the Rhine by the Germans is stopped by the Romans.

### Asia

- Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty deposes his wife, Guo Shentong.  He places his consort Yin Lihua empress in her place.

## Births

- February 12 – Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, son of Claudius and Messalina

## Deaths

- Julia Drusilla, daughter of Caligula
- Julia Livilla, daughter of Germanicus
- Milonia Caesonia, wife of Caligula
1341

## Events

- The Queen's College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford, is founded.
- Petrarch is crowned poet laureate in Rome, the first man since antiquity to be given this honor.
- Beginning of the Breton War of Succession over the control of the Duchy of Brittany
- Margarete Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol, expels her husband John Henry of Bohemia, to whom she had been married as a child. She subsequently marries Louis of Bavaria without having been divorced, which results in the excommunication of the couple.
1522

## Events

- January 9 – Adrian Dedens becomes Pope Adrian VI.
- February 26 – Execution by hanging of Cuauhtémoc, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan under orders of conquistador Hernán Cortés.
- April 22 – Battle of Bicocca – French and Swiss forces under Odet de Lautrec are defeated by the Spanish in their attempt to retake Milan, and are forced to withdraw into Venetian territory.
- July 28 – Beginning of Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I's siege of the Knights of St. John in Rhodes.
- September 6 – The _Vittoria_, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, returns to Sanlcar de Barrameda in Spain, becoming the first ship to circumnavigate the world.
- December 18 – The Turks finally break into Rhodes, but the Knights continue fierce resistance in the streets.
- December 20 – Suleiman the Magnificent accepts the surrender of the surviving Knights, who are allowed to evacuate. They eventually re-settle on Malta and become known as the Knights of Malta.
- First Diet of Nuremberg.
- The third edition of the Textus Receptus of the Bible published.
Saint-Dié-des-Vosges

**Saint-Dié-des-Vosges** is a city in the northeast of France, in Lorraine.

## Demography

Now about 23,000 people live there.

## Tourism

Surrounded by the Vosges mountains, it is a popular resort for tourists.
- Cathedral
- Museum Pierre-Noël

## Events

The city is famous for the International Festival of Geography, which takes place every autumn.

## Higher education

Electronics, computer science, graphic design and communication are studied at the University Institute of Technology.

In French it is called "IUT" (Institut universitaire de technologie).

## People of Saint-Dié-des-Vosges

- Jules Ferry
- Yvan Goll

## Other websites

- Saint-Dié-des-Vosges website
- Institut universitaire de technologie
Rhodesian Ridgeback

**Rhodesian Ridgeback** is a breed of dog.

It has a red-brown coat of fur on its body and a line of hair down its back which is different from the rest of hair on its body. They are sometimes called _The African Lion Dog_, because they were used by hunters in Africa to find and confuse lions while the hunter shot the lion.

## Other websites

- Rhodesian Ridgeback and other dog breeds
- Rhodesian Ridgeback Startpage.

## Infobox (dog breed)

- **altname**: African Lion Dog
- **nickname**: Ridgeback
- **country**: Southern Africa
- **coat**: Short and dense, sleek and glossy in appearance
- **colour**: Light wheaten to red wheaten. A little white on the chest and toes is permissible. A dark muzzle and ears permissible. Excessive black hair throughout the coat is undesirable. Two nose colors are permissible, black and liver.
- **life span**: 13 years average
- **fcistd**: http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/146g06-en.pdf
- **image**: File:Rhodesian ridgeback.jpg
- **image caption**: Male specimen
Glove

A **glove** is a piece of clothing that covers a hand. There are many different kinds of gloves. Gloves are made of many different fabrics and materials, and gloves are used in many ways.

## Gloves worn for protection

People wear thick gloves, usually made of wool or fabric, to keep their hands warm in cold weather. They wear thin gloves (usually made of rubber or plastic) to keep their hands clean. People also wear thin gloves made of rubber or plastic to keep things they touch clean. Some workers wear gloves made of heavy rubber to protect their hands from chemicals. A mitten is a glove which has a separate place for the thumb, but the other four fingers are together. There are also mittens, which are very similar to gloves. Gloves and mittens are usually used to protect people from cold, and chemicals. People use latex gloves during Earth day to clean up.

## Gloves worn for fashion

There are also gloves that are worn for fashion, because they look good. These type of gloves are made from leather, fur, or different fabrics.

## Gloves worn in sport

Gloves are worn in sports, the most common reason being for extra grip for the competitors hands. Like in golf, baseball and goalkeepers in soccer.

## Mittens

The word is used for certain kinds of usually knitted gloves. Some don't have separate finger pieces, and are made for children. Others have separate finger pieces without tips, so the wearer can use his fingers for delicate work, and keep his hands warm at the same time. some are fingerless gloves .
Tales of Symphonia

***Tales of Symphonia*** is a role-playing video game released in 2004 for the Nintendo GameCube. It is a fantasy RPG.

## Story

The main character Lloyd Irving and his friends, Genis Sage and Colette Brunel, are sent away from the town where Lloyd lived. Genis' sister Raine and the mercenary Kratos join them. While traveling, Colette begins to change into an angel. Lloyd learns that she is in charge of saving the world. Two groups of people want her to stop. They are the Desians, bad guys that enslave humans, and Sheena, a woman that wants to kill Colette. Sheena and Colette save each other from the Desians and become friends. Eventually, they get ready to save the world. Kratos betrays Colette and the others to Cruxis, the angels who control the Desians. Lloyd and the others manage to escape. They go to a different world called Tethe'alla.  There, they make three new friends called Zelos, Presea, and Regal. Kratos still wants to find them and the Cruxis leader, Mithos, is very angry. Lloyd's group learns that if they want to save the world, they need to have Sheena gain the power of the eight "Summon Spirits". The spirits are magical creatures.  After using the power of the summon spirits, the problem gets worse. Lloyd and Kratos need to work together to save the world from being destroyed by the Giant Kharlan Tree. Yuan uses a drug where it puts people to sleep on everyone. After this, Lloyd wakes up in the middle of the night. Kratos is with Yuan and two of Yuan's henchman. Lloyd learns that Kratos is his father. Kratos dives in front of Lloyd to stop him from being hurt. Kratos then tells Lloyd that there is a ninth Summon Spirit by the name of Origin. Lloyd has to fight Kratos to get its help because Origin was sealed by Kratos himself. The Summon Spirit helps Lloyd use the eternal sword. After this, they go to Derris Kharlan and there is one last battle with Mithos.
Sermon

A **sermon** is a speech that a priest or other speaker gives during church service. The speech has a theological, religious or moral content. The purpose of a sermon is to give hope to the people who hear it, or to encourage them to do right things in their lives.  The speaker may also talk about the current problems of the community, and offer ways to solve them.Very often, sermons given by priests or other clergy are based on passages from the Bible.

## Other websites

- Sermon central
- A large collection of professional sermons
Sand

**Sand** is a mixture of very small pieces of different rocks or minerals. It is the same minerals from which those pieces are broken, such as granite and feldspar. Sand is gritty to touch. It is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. Sand is also formed various rocks by weathering and erosion. Erosion breaks large boulders into smaller rocks. They get smaller and smaller until they reach the beach or a low-lying area as sand.

Sand grains are smaller than gravel grains, (from  to ), and larger than silt, (around  to ).  Sand is mostly found on beaches, and in deserts. The most common types of sand are made of silica, or silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>). Calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) is the second most common. Sand dunes are made when wind or a river pulls sand into a mountain-like shape. They can be found in deserts, but sometimes high up on beaches too.

## Applications

Sand is crucial in the process of mixing concrete. It can also be used to make sand castles. Sand is sometimes used in households for aesthetic purposes.

## Related pages

- Earth
- Geology
- Physical chemistry
- Inorganic chemistry
- Environmental chemistry
Alsatian language

**Alsatian** (, ) is a Germanic language. It is spoken in Alsace (eastern part of France). It is used for a number of dialects, spoken in Alsace, Franche-Comté, and Jura. Linguistically, we are looking at a number of dialects, with common properties.

Most of the Alsatian dialects are Germanic. Alsatian is also used for a few dialects that are based on French, and that are spoken in the Vosges, Franche-Comte, territoire de Belfort, and Jura (on both sides of the border).

There are slight differences in the dialects, the one in the north have a sligtly different vocabulary and grammar to the ones in the south. The dialect spoken in the city of Strasbourg is also slighlty different from those in the sourrounding areas.

## Statistics

In 2012, the Office pour la Langue et la Culture d’Alsace did a survey:

- 43% said they had a good knowledge of Alsatian, and they used it regularly.
- 33% said they had a basic knowledge or understanding of Alsatian
- 25% said they didn't know Alsatian.

Of those who speak Alsatian:

- 96% speak it with their families
- 88% speak it with friends
- 48% speak it at the office

Those who speak Alsatian are generally older:

- In the age group 60 years and older, 74% speak Alsatian
- In the age group 44-59, 54% do
- Of those 30-44, 24% do,
- 12% of the 18-30 year old
- only 3% of the 3 to 17 year old

In the three big cities of the region (Strasbourg, Colmar and Mulhouse), Alsatian is spoken less. There, fewer than a third of the adults say they speak Alsatian. Around Wissenbourg, Haguenau, and Saverne, over half the people answered they were good speakers.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Alsatian
- **states**: France
- **region**: Alsace
- **speakers**: 900,000
- **date**: 2013
- **ref**: e19
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Germanic languages, Germanic
- **fam3**: West Germanic languages, West Germanic
- **fam4**: High German
- **fam5**: Upper German
- **fam6**: Alemannic German
- **fam7**: Low Alemannic German
- **fam8**: Upper Rhenish
- **agency**: _No official regulation_
- **iso3**: gsw
- **iso3comment**: (with Swiss German)
- **glotto**: swis1247
- **glottoname**: Swiss German
- **notice**: IPA
Mahjong

**Mahjong** is a tile-based game for four players that was created in China. It is a game of skill, intelligence, calculation and luck.

## The Set-Up

A **Mahjong** game is played at a square table (four sides all the same length). The dealer is called the "east" player and everyone else is called a different direction because of where they are sitting - so the person to East's left is South, the person across from East is West, and the person to East's right is North. If East wins, he is the dealer again for the next round; if he does not, the dealer is the person to his right (North). That person then becomes East. A game of Mahjong ends when every player has been the dealer four times, or when they have played the number of rounds they said they would play before they started.

## Solitaire

A single-player version of this game exists, called Mahjong Solitaire. It is based on the four-player game, but can be played by one person, so it is one of the games that are played often on computers (such as Solitaire, Spider Solitaire, or Minesweeper). Mahjong Solitaire is much simpler than four-player Mahjong: it is played without dice or chips, by removing tiles (set up in the shape of a pyramid) from the board in sets of two. Each set of two has to match - they are either exactly the same, or go together (two "flowers" tiles, for example). A Mahjong Solitaire player wins when he picks up all the tiles, or he loses when he runs out of sets of two that he can pick up.
Ionia

**Ionia** was a region in the west of Asia Minor in Ancient Greek times. It was in what is now Turkey. It was the birthplace of the Hellenic civilization. The Dorian invasion of the Peloponnesus, caused the migration of Ionic Greeks across the Aegean sea to Anatolia about 1000-900 BCE. The original Greek settlements in the region were numerous and small, but by the 8th century BCE they had consolidated themselves into 12 major cities—Phocaea, Erythrae, Clazomenae, Teos, Lebedus, Colophon, Ephesus, Priene, Myus, and Miletus on the mainland, with the islands Chios and Samos.By the end of the 7th century the Ionian cities had achieved great prosperity through their trading enterprises, their colonization efforts, and their manufacture of ceramics, textiles, and metalware. After World War One it was granted to Greece from Turkey in the Treaty of Sèvres, along with most of the islands in the Aegean sea, Thrace, and Turkey's most important city, Istanbul. The Turkish army drove the Greeks out soon after, killing many Greek people. They did not challenge the Greeks on the Aegean Islands, though.

## Infobox (infobox)

- **bodyclass**: geography
- **abovestyle**: background:#DEB887;
- **subheader**: Ancient region of Anatolia
- **above**: Ionia (Ἰωνία)
- **image**:
- **caption**: Location of Ionia in Turkey
- **label1**: Location
- **data1**: Western Anatolia
- **label2**: State existed
- **data2**: 7th–6th centuries BC
- **label3**: Language
- **data3**: Ionic Greek
- **label4**: Biggest city
- **data4**: Ephesus
Harmonic

A **harmonic** of a wave is the part of a signal's frequency that is a whole multiple (an integer) of the fundamental frequency. The fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency of a periodic waveform. If _f_ is the fundamental frequency (that is, 1_f_), then the _harmonics_ have frequencies 2_f_, 3_f_, 4_f_..., and so on. The second harmonic (2_f_) has a frequency twice that of the fundamental frequency, the third harmonic three times, and so on. This concept applies to wave motions of any form of energy, but is  most often related to acoustics.

Frequencies that lie between one harmonic and another harmonic are called _interharmonics_. For example, 1_f_ is an interharmonic between the fundamental frequency (or first harmonic) and the second harmonic. Interharmonics is a term invented, or at least standardised, by the international electronics industry about 1999, particularly for use in electrical energy. However, interharmonic frequencies also occur naturally in other radiant energies, for example music or any type of sound.

## Related pages

- Harmonics (music)
- Harmonic series (mathematics)
- Harmonics (electrical power)
- Sine wave
Towel

A **towel** is a form of cloth or paper used for drying things. There are many types of towels, such as a beach towel and a washcloth, a small towel used for cleaning dishes and bodies. Towels have many different uses, such as drying yourself after a shower, or wiping a table clean.

For the body, fabric terry towels are mainly used, consisting mainly of cotton fibers due to their high absorbency (reaching up to 300%).

Fabric towels belong to the group of piece textiles. Textile towels often have a sewn loop with which they can be hung on wall furniture hooks for use (previously it was recommended to sew a loop at both ends so that the towel wears out more evenly). In addition to hooks, towels can also be placed in a state thrown over a barbell, and thanks to this straightened suspension, they dry faster. Fabric towels can have finishes such as lace, embroidery, appliques and others.

Disposable towels can be made both in piece form and in a roll, both from paper and non-woven material.
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

**South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands** are an overseas territory of the United Kingdom claimed by Argentina. They are in the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean. The territory was started in 1985, before that it was classed as part of the Falkland Islands. The islands do not have a native population, but in 2006 they had around 20 people on the islands. Most of these people were scientists who are at Bird Island, museum staff at Grytviken and the British Government Officers.
Batman: Rise of Sin Tzu

***Batman: Rise of Sin Tzu*** is an action-adventure game video game. It was released in 2003 for the PlayStation 2, Xbox and Gamecube. It is also available for the Game Boy Advance and PC.

The game is based on _Batman: The Animated Series_. In the game Batman faces a new enemy who sends Gotham City into chaos.

Some critics said that _beat 'em up_ was too recurring and it lacked the story of _Batman Vengeance_.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Batman: Rise of Sin Tzu
- **developer**: Ubisoft Montreal
- **publisher**: Ubisoft
- **released**: October 16, 2003 <small>(PS2, Xbox  United States, US)</small>
	November 19, 2003 <small>(PS2, Europe, Eur)</small>
	November 12, 2003 <small>(Xbox, Europe, Eur)</small>
November 11, 2003 <small>(GCN,  United States, US)</small>
December 4, 2003 <small>(GCN, Europe, Eur)</small>
- **genre**: Action game, Action, Beat 'em up
- **modes**: Single player, Cooperative gameplay, Co-op (2 players)
- **platforms**: Game Boy Advance, Nintendo GameCube, GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox
Vein

A **vein** is a type of blood vessel in the body. All veins carry blood to the heart. Most veins carry blood that is low in oxygen, except for the pulmonary vein and the umbilical veins which carry blood that is high in oxygen.

A vein has a large lumen (width) and less pressure than an artery. There are smaller amounts of smooth muscle and elastic fibres in the vessel wall. Most veins have one-way valves that keep blood from going backwards.

The vena cava, the biggest vein in human body, collects blood from the other veins and delivers it to the heart.  Other important veins are the coronary veins (veins on the heart) and renal veins (veins on the kidney).  Veins are mainly seen just below the skin, and are easily seen from the outside, where they look blue because of the lack of oxygen.  The blood carried by veins is dark red, but when a vein is cut or pierced, the dark blood immediately reacts with the oxygen in the air and becomes bright red colored.  The vein appears blue because of the scattering of light through the skin and the way the eye perceives color and light.  Veins contain blood even after death.  This is why a dead body appears blue.
Calgary Flames

The **Calgary Flames** are an ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL).  They began in 1972 in the city of Atlanta, and moved to Calgary in 1980.  They won the Stanley Cup in 1989.  They also made the Stanley Cup finals in 1986, losing to the Montreal Canadiens, and in 2004, losing to the Tampa Bay Lightning four games to three.  The Flames won the Presidents' Trophy as regular season champion in 1988 and 1989.

The Flames play in the Scotiabank Saddledome in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.  It is called the "Saddledome" because the roof is shaped like a saddle.

Some of the best players to play for the Flames include Al MacInnis, who won the Conn Smythe Trophy as most valuable player in the playoffs in 1989; Jarome Iginla, who won the Art Ross Trophy as top point scorer in 2001-02, as well as the Rocket Richard Trophy as top goal scorer in 2001-02 and 2003-04; Lanny MacDonald, who scored 500 career goals, mostly in Calgary; Gary Suter, who won the Calder Trophy as "rookie of the year" in 1985-86 and captained the team to their only Stanley Cup win; goaltender Mike Vernon; and forwards Joe Mullen, Joe Nieuwendyk, and Theoren Fleury.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (nhl team)

- **can eng**: 1
- **team name**: Calgary Flames
- **current**: 2022–23 Calgary Flames season
- **bg color**: background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#CE0E2D 5px solid; border-bottom:#F3BD48 5px solid;
- **text color**: #000000
- **conference**: Western Conference (NHL), Western
- **division**: Pacific Division (NHL), Pacific
- **founded**: 1972
- **history**: **Atlanta Flames**
1972–73 NHL season, 1972–1979–80 NHL season, 1980
**Calgary Flames**
1980–81 NHL season, 1980–present
- **arena**: **Scotiabank Saddledome**
- **city**: Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
- **uniform image size**: 150px
- **team colors**: Red, yellow, white

- **media affiliates**: Sportsnet, Sportsnet West
CFAC (Sportsnet 960 The Fan)
- **owner**: Calgary Sports and Entertainment
(N. Murray Edwards, chairman)
- **general manager**: Brad Treliving
- **head coach**: Darryl Sutter
- **captain**: _Vacant_
- **minor league affiliates**: Calgary Wranglers (American Hockey League, AHL)
Rapid City Rush (ECHL)
- **stanley cups**: **1** (1989 Stanley Cup Finals, 1988–89)
- **conf titles**: **3** (1985–86 NHL season, 1985–86, 1988–89 NHL season, 1988–89, 2003–04 NHL season, 2003–04)
- **presidents' trophies**: **2** (1987–88 NHL season, 1987–88, 1988–89 NHL season, 1988–89)
- **division titles**: **8** (1987–88 NHL season, 1987–88, 1988–89 NHL season, 1988–89, 1989–90 NHL season, 1989–90, 1993–94 NHL season, 1993–94, 1994–95 NHL season, 1994–95, 2005–06 NHL season, 2005–06, 2018–19 NHL season, 2018–19, 2021–22 NHL season, 2021–22)
Conn Smythe Trophy

The **Conn Smythe Trophy** is a trophy in the National Hockey League awarded to the most valuable player in the playoffs each year.  It was first awarded in 1965.  Montreal Canadiens and Colorado Avalanche goaltender Patrick Roy has won it three times, more than any other player.

Normally the trophy goes to a player of the Stanley Cup champion. Sometimes it goes to someone on the losing team.  Trophy winners on losing teams are marked with as asterisk (*) in the list below.

## Winners

|C|
| --- |
|Centre|
|Left Wing|
|Defence|
|Right Wing|
|Goaltender|

|scope="col"|Year|scope="col"|Winner|scope="col"|Team|scope="col"|Position|scope="col"|Win #|scope="col"|Team win #|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1965||Montreal Canadiens|C|1|1|||||||
|1966||Detroit Red Wings|G|1|1|||||||
|1967||Toronto Maple Leafs|C|1|1|||||||
|1968||St. Louis Blues|G|1|1|||||||
|1969||Montreal Canadiens|D|1|2|||||||
|1970||Boston Bruins|D|1|1|||||||
|1971||Montreal Canadiens|G|1|3|||||||
|1972||Boston Bruins|D|2|2|||||||
|1973||Montreal Canadiens|RW|1|4|||||||
|1974||Philadelphia Flyers|G|1|1|||||||
|1975||Philadelphia Flyers|G|2|2|||||||
|1976||Philadelphia Flyers|RW|1|3|||||||
|1977||Montreal Canadiens|RW|1|5|||||||
|1978||Montreal Canadiens|D|1|6|||||||
|1979||Montreal Canadiens|LW|1|7|||||||
|1980||New York Islanders|C|1|1|||||||
|1981||New York Islanders|C|1|2|||||||
|1982||New York Islanders|RW|1|3|||||||
|1983||New York Islanders|G|1|4|||||||
|1984||Edmonton Oilers|C|1|1|||||||
|1985||Edmonton Oilers|C|1|2|||||||
|1986||Montreal Canadiens|G|1|8|||||||
|1987||Philadelphia Flyers|G|1|4|||||||
|1988||Edmonton Oilers|C|2|3|||||||
|1989||Calgary Flames|D|1|1|||||||
|1990||Edmonton Oilers|G|1|4|||||||
|1991||Pittsburgh Penguins|C|1|1|||||||
|1992||Pittsburgh Penguins|C|2|2|||||||
|1993||Montreal Canadiens|G|2|9|||||||
|1994||New York Rangers|D|1|1|||||||
|1995||New Jersey Devils|RW|1|1|||||||
|1996||Colorado Avalanche|C|1|1|||||||
|1997||Detroit Red Wings|G|1|2|||||||
|1998||Detroit Red Wings|C|1|3|||||||
|1999||Dallas Stars|C|1|1|||||||
|2000||New Jersey Devils|D|1|2|||||||
|2001||Colorado Avalanche|G|3|2|||||||
|2002||Detroit Red Wings|D|1|4|||||||
|2003|||G|1|1|||||||
|2004||Tampa Bay Lightning|C|1|1|||||||
|2005|colspan="5" align="center"|||||||||||
|2006||Carolina Hurricanes|G|1|1|||||||
|2007||Anaheim Ducks|D|1|2|||||||
|2008||Detroit Red Wings|C|1|5|||||||
|2009||Pittsburgh Penguins|C|1|3|||||||
|2010||Chicago Blackhawks|C|1|1|||||||
|2011||Boston Bruins|G|1|3|||||||
|2012||Los Angeles Kings|G|1|1|||||||
|2013||Chicago Blackhawks|RW|1|2|||||||
|2014||Los Angeles Kings|RW|1|2|||||||
|2015||Chicago Blackhawks|D|1|3|||||||
|2016||Pittsburgh Penguins|C|1|4|||||||
|2017||Pittsburgh Penguins|C|2|5|||||||
|2018||Washington Capitals|LW|1|1|||||||
|2019||St. Louis Blues|C|1|2|||||||
|2020||Tampa Bay Lightning|D|1|2|||||||
|2021||Tampa Bay Lightning|G|1|3|||||||
|2022||Colorado Avalanche|D|1|3|||||||
|2023||Vegas Golden Knights|RW|1|1|||||||
|2024||bgcolor="#FFBBBB"|Edmonton Oilers|C|1|5||||||

## Related pages

- List of NHL players
- List of NHL statistical leaders
Los Angeles Kings

The **Los Angeles Kings** are an ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL).

## History

The team began in 1967. They were named at least in part for a former minor league hockey team called the Los Angeles Monarchs. They made the finals in 1993, and lost to the Montreal Canadiens. They won their first Stanley Cup in team history on June 11, 2012, defeating the New Jersey Devils 4 games to 2. The team won their second Stanley Cup on June 13, 2014 after they defeated the New York Rangers in double overtime of Game 5.

The Kings have been known for their high scoring teams. Marcel Dionne won the Art Ross Trophy as NHL scoring champion in 1980, and Wayne Gretzky won it on the Kings in 1990, 1991, and 1994. Gretzky also won the Hart Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player on the Kings in 1989. Charlie Simmer tied for the most goals (now the Richard Trophy) in 1980. Luc Robitaille, one of the ten highest goal scorers in NHL history, spent most of his years on the Kings.

## Players

Other strong players have included Rob Blake, who won the Norris Trophy as best defenceman in 1998; goaltender Rogie Vachon, who was second in voting for the Hart Trophy in 1975; and Jay Wells,  Dustin Brown, Johnathan Quick, Dave Taylor, Bernie Nicholls, and Larry Murphy.

## Other websites

- Official website