juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lieutenant Governor of Ontario

The **Lieutenant Governor of Ontario** is the representative of King Charles III in Ontario. He or she carries out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties, such as approving laws. On 23 September 2014, Elizabeth Dowdeswell became Lieutenant Governor.

The lieutenant governors are appointed by the Governor General of Canada, based on the advise of the Prime Minister of Canada.
Médée

***Médée*** is a French opera in three acts. Luigi Cherubini wrote the music. The libretto is by François-Benoît Hoffmann (Nicolas Étienne Framéry). It is based on Euripides' tragedy of Medea and on Pierre Corneille's play _Médée_. It was first performed in Paris on 13 March 1797. The Italian version by Carlo Zangarini was performed in Milan on 30 December 1909. The opera is Cherubini's most successful work. It was revived in 1953 for Maria Callas.

## Principal characters

- Medea (Médée) - soprano
- Glauce (Dircé) - soprano
- Giasone (Jason) - tenor
- Neris (Néris) - mezzo-soprano
- Creonte (Créon) - bass

### Original French Version

- 1995: Iano Tamar (Médée), Patrizia Ciofi (Dircé), Luca Lombardo (Jason), Magali Damonte (Néris), Jean-Philippe Courtis (Créon); Coro da Camera Sluk, Orchestra Internazionale d'Italia Opera, Patrick Fournillier - (Nuova Era)
- 1997: Phyllis Treigle (Médée), Thaïs St Julien (Dircé), Carl Halvorson (Jason), D'Anna Fortunato (Néris), David Arnold (Créon); Chorus Quotannis, Brewer Chamber Orchestra, Bart Folse - (Newport Classic)

### Lachner version, in Italian translation by Zangarini

- 1953: Maria Callas (Medea), Maria Luisa Nache (Glauce), Gino Penno (Giasone), Fedora Barbieri (Neris), Giuseppe Modesti (Creonte); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Leonard Bernstein - (EMI Classics)
- 1957: Maria Callas (Medea), Renata Scotto (Glauce), Mirto Picchi (Giasone), Miriam Pirazzini (Neris), Giuseppe Modesti (Creonte); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Tullio Serafin - (EMI Classics)
- 1967: Gwyneth Jones (Medea), Pilar Lorengar (Glauce), Bruno Prevedi (Giasone), Fiorenza Cossotto (Neris), Justino Díaz (Creonte); Orchestra e coro dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Lamberto Gardelli - (Decca)
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario

The **Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario** is a centre-right political party in Ontario, Canada. The party was organized in 1854 by Sir John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier. It has formed the government of Ontario for 80 of the last 147 years, including the period from 1943 to 1985.

In the 2014 provincial general election, the party won 28 out of 107 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. On July 2, 2014, Jim Wilson was chosen to be the temporary leader of the party and Leader of the Opposition. In the 2018 Ontario general election, they won a full majority of seats under the leadership of Doug Ford.

## 2018 Platform

On March 10, 2018, Doug Ford, former city councillor and the brother of the late former Mayor of Toronto Rob Ford, was chosen as the leader of the PC Party, closely beating runner-up Christine Elliott on the third ballot with 50.6% of allocated points, however Elliot had more votes. Since Ford didn't have a seat in the legislature, Ford opted to have Vic Fedeli continue as Leader of the Opposition prior to the 2018 election.

The Ontario PC Party's 2018 platform was named the Plan For The People.

On June 7, 2018, Ford led the party to a majority government. The PC Party won 76 of 124 seats and 40.5% of the vote.

## Infobox (political party)

- **subheader**: Active provincial party
- **logo**: Ontario-pc-rgb.png
- **logo size**: 150px
- **president**: Brian Patterson
- **leader**: Doug Ford
- **foundation**:
<small>(Conservative Party of Canada West)</small>
- **predecessor**: Upper Canada Tories
- **ideology**: Conservatism in Canada, Conservatism
Conservatism in Canada, Liberal conservatism
Populism
- **position**: Centre-right to right-wing
- **student wing**: Ontario PC Campus Association
- **youth wing**: Ontario PC Youth Association
- **membership**: 133,000
- **membership year**: 2018
- **colours**: Blue
- **seats1 title**: Seats in the House of Commons
- **seats2 title**: Seats in the Senate
- **seats3 title**: Seats in Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Legislature
- **country**: Canada
- **state**: Ontario
- **parties dab1**: List of political parties in Ontario
- **elections dab1**: List of Ontario general elections
Ontario Highway 416

**Ontario Highway 416** is a provincial highway in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It connects the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 417) in Ottawa with Highway 401. It runs from south to north. It is .

Highway 416 starts at an interchange with Highway 401 near Johnstown. It continues north through rural areas until it reaches Ottawa near its northern end. It passes through several towns, including Spencerville and Kemptville. The highway ends at an interchange with Highway 417 east of Ottawa.
Ontario Highway 118

**Ontario Highway 118** is a provincial highway in Central Ontario, Canada. It is  long. It runs from west to east. It starts at Highway 11 near Bracebridge. It ends at Highway 28 near Bancroft. The highway runs through the District Municipality of Muskoka and Haliburton County, with a short part in Hastings County at its eastern end.

## Infobox (road)

- **province**: ON
- **type**: Hwy
- **route**: 118
- **maint**: the Ministry of Transportation, Ontario, Ministry of Transportation
- **length km**: 127.8
- **direction a**: West
- **terminus a**: near Bracebridge, Ontario, Bracebridge
- **direction b**: East
- **terminus b**: near Bancroft, Ontario, Bancroft
- **previous type**: ON
- **previous route**: 115
- **next type**: ON
- **next route**: 124
Transavia

**Transavia** is a Dutch and French low-cost carrier. It is currently owned by Air France-KLM.  It began on January 3, 1966. It was the third airline founded in the Netherlands. The first scheduled flight happened on October 26, 1986.  It has scheduled (planned) and charter (irregular) flights to many destinations in Europe.

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Transavia
- **logo**: File:Transavia logo.svg
- **frequent flyer**: Flying Blue
- **fleet size**: 33
- **destinations**: 88
- **parent**: KLM
- **iata**: HV
- **icao**: TRA
- **callsign**: TRANSAVIA
- **founded**: 1966
- **headquarters**: North Holland
- **hubs**: Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
- **website**: https://www.transavia.com/
TAROM

**TAROM** is the national airline of Romania. Its main hub is at Otopeni Airport at Bucharest. The government of Romania owns 95% of TAROM.

## History

TAROM began in 1954.  Since Romania was part of the Eastern Bloc, TAROM had to fly mostly airplanes made by the Soviet Union. When the Soviet Union ended in 1991, TAROM was allowed to buy airplanes from other countries.  TAROM started flying Airbus planes in 1993. In 2010, TAROM joined SkyTeam.  As of 2016, TAROM owns 23 airplanes and goes to 79 cities across Europe, Asia, Africa and North America.
Wheelbase

In both road and rail vehicles, the **wheelbase** is the distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels.

## Vehicles

Because of the effect the wheelbase has on the weight distribution of the vehicle, wheelbase dimensions are very important to the balance and steering. In high performance vehicles a longer wheelbase is more stable at higher speeds. A short wheelbase vehicle is usually able to corner faster but may be less aerodynamic. The wheelbase, along with the track, affects a vehicle's steering angle (how sharply it can turn).

Wheelbase has an effect on a vehicle's turning radius (or turning circle). This is the smallest circle an automobile can turn or U-turn within. A long wheelbase automobile or truck cannot turn as sharply as a short wheelbase vehicle.

## Towing and wheelbase

If the vehicle is towing a trailer (in British English a caravan) the weight distribution of the trailer is critical. If too much of the trailer's weight, called "tongue weight", presses down on the vehicle's tow hitch (more than 15 percent) it can cause the vehicle to go out of control. Too little tongue weight (less than 10 percent) can cause the trailer to sway from side to side. this in turn can make the vehicle difficult or even impossible to control. The shorter the wheelbase the more quickly these forces can cause a loss of control. A longer wheelbase vehicle is generally more desirable for towing. Each vehicle has a tow rating showing how much weight it can tow safely.

## Appearance

A vehicle's wheelbase is also important to the overall aesthetic appeal of a automobile design. Wheelbase is part of the balance and proportion of an automobile.  Some Luxury vehicles are offered with long wheelbases to increase the spaciousness and luxury of the vehicle. This is found most often on full-size cars. In contrast, coupé varieties of the some vehicles such as the Honda Accord are usually built on shorter wheelbases than the sedans they are based on.

## Related pages

- track
- Bicycle and motorcycle geometry
- Force
- Static equilibrium
- Weight
Structural load

**Structural loads** or **actions** are forces, deformations, or accelerations applied to a structure or its components. A load is the amount of weight a structure has to carry. Loads cause stresses, deformations, and displacements in structures. Structural analysis is the calculation of the effects of loads on physical structures. Excess load or overloading may cause structural failure. This is a consideration in the design and construction of a structure.

Mechanical structures, such as aircraft, satellites, rockets, space stations, ships and submarines, have their own particular structural loads and actions. In a vehicle, especially trucks, the chassis is designed to carry the structural load. In many cars unibody construction is used where the metal skin (or other materials) is designed to carry the load.

Gravity on Earth is an attractive force that affects all objects. A gravity load is one that the downward force of gravity affects.

## Structural loads

The following are typical loads exerted against most structures:
- **Dead load** is the load that permanently acts on the structure. It includes the structure itself. A dead load is a gravity load.
- **Live load** is anything the structure is designed to carry. Live loads may move within the structure exerting different loads in different parts of the structure at different times. They are not permanent. A live load may be furniture and people in a building. It may be passengers and luggage in a vehicle.
- **Wind load** is the force of wind against the surface of a structure. Wind loads are horizontal lateral forces. Wind load is very important in the design of taller buildings. Wind shear is a force that may affect structures vertically or horizontally. Uplift is a negative force caused by wind. It may cause a roof to lift upward.
- **Snow load** is the load caused by snow. Similar to a live load is it not permanent and may move due to wind causing snow to drift on a roof.

## Other environmental loads

- Seismic loads
- Temperature changes leading to thermal expansion cause thermal loads
- Ponding loads
- Frost heaving
- Lateral pressure of soil, groundwater or bulk materials
- Loads from fluids or floods
- Permafrost melting

## Aircraft structural loads

For aircraft, loading is divided into two major categories: limit loads and ultimate loads. Limit loads are the maximum loads a component or structure may carry safely. Ultimate loads are the limit loads times a factor of 1.5 or the point beyond which the component or structure will fail. Gust loads are determined statistically and are provided by an agency such as the Federal Aviation Administration. Crash loads are loosely bounded by the ability of structures to survive the deceleration of a major ground impact. Other loads that may be critical are pressure loads (for pressurized, high-altitude aircraft) and ground loads. Loads on the ground can be from adverse braking or maneuvering during taxiing. Aircraft are constantly subjected to cyclic loading. These cyclic loads can cause metal fatigue.
Payback (2015)

**Payback (2015)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view produced by WWE that was held on May 17, 2015 at Royal Farms Arena in Baltimore, Maryland. It was the third Payback event. The event was free to new subscribers on WWE's monthly subscription service, the WWE Network.

The main event saw Seth Rollins defeat Roman Reigns, Dean Ambrose and Randy Orton in a Fatal 4-Way match to retain the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. Rollins won by pinfall after a Pedigree to Orton.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**#**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Matches**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1<sup>P</sup>|R-Truth defeated Stardust|Singles match|6:50|||||
|2<sup>P</sup>|The Ascension (Konnor and Viktor) defeated "The Mega Powers" (Curtis Axel and Macho Mandow)|Tag team match|2:50|||||
|3|Sheamus defeated Dolph Ziggler|Singles match|12:20|||||
|4|The New Day (Big E and Kofi Kingston) (c) (with Xavier Woods) defeated Tyson Kidd and Cesaro (with Natalya) 2-1|2-out-of-3 falls tag team match for the WWE Tag Team Championship|12:40|||||
|5|Bray Wyatt defeated Ryback|Singles match|15:36|||||
|6|John Cena (c) defeated Rusev (with Lana)|"I Quit" match for the WWE United States Championship|27:58|||||
|7|Naomi and Tamina defeated The Bella Twins (Brie Bella and Nikki Bella)|Tag team match|6:13|||||
|8|Neville defeated King Barrett by countout|Singles match|7:22|||||
|9|Seth Rollins (c) (with Jamie Noble and Joey Mercury) defeated Roman Reigns, Dean Ambrose and Randy Orton|Fatal 4-Way match for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship; If Rollins did not retain the championship, Kane would have been fired from being the Director of Operations.|23:52|||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match P – indicates that the match happened on the pre-show|||||||

## Other websites

- Official Payback 2015 website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Payback (2015)
- **theme**: "Friction" by Imagine Dragons
- **promotion**: WWE
- **sponsor**: Mountain Dew, Mountain Dew Kickstart
- **date**: May 17, 2015
- **venue**: Royal Farms Arena
- **city**: Baltimore, Maryland
- **lastevent**: King of the Ring (2015)
- **nextevent**: List of WWE NXT special episodes#NXT TakeOver: Unstoppable, NXT TakeOver: Unstoppable
- **event**: WWE Payback, Payback
- **lastevent2**: Payback (2014)
Argentina men's national volleyball team

**Argentina national volleyball team** is the national volleyball team of Argentina. The team's best achievements are the 1982 World Championship bronze medal and the bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## Honors

- **Olympics**: Bronze medal (1988)
- **World Championship**: Bronze Medal (1982)
- **America's Cup**: Silver medal (1998)

## References

- www.feva.org.ar - Argentina Volleyball Federation (FeVA)

## Infobox (national volleyball team)

- **name**: Argentina
- **federation**: Argentine Volleyball Federation
- **website**: [http://www.feva.org.ar www.feva.org.ar]
- **confederation**: CSV
- **coach**: Marcelo Méndez
- **olympic apps**: 7
- **olympic first**: 1984
- **olympic best**: 3rd place (Volleyball at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament, 1988)
- **world champs apps**: 11
- **world champs first**: 1960
- **world champs best**: 3rd place (1982 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, 1982)
- **pattern b1**: _3stripesonwhite
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Spain men's national volleyball team

**Spain national volleyball team** is the national volleyball team of Spain. On 16 September 2007 the team won the European title. That is the best result reached by the team in his history.

## Honors

- **European Championship**: Gold medal (2007)
- **European League**: Gold Medal (2007) - Silver medal (2009, 2010, 2011) - Bronze medal (2005, 2012)

## References

- www.rfevb.com - Spain Volleyball Federation (Real Federación Española de Voleibol - RFEVB)

## Infobox (national volleyball team)

- **name**: Spain
- **federation**: Real Federación Española de Voleibol (RFEVB)
- **website**: [http://www.rfevb.com www.rfevb.com]
- **confederation**: CEV
- **coach**: Fernando Muñoz (volleyball), Fernando Muñoz
- **olympic apps**: 2
- **olympic first**: 1992
- **olympic best**: 8th (Volleyball at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament, 1992)
- **world champs apps**: 3
- **world champs first**: 1998
- **world champs best**: 8th (1998 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, 1998)
- **world cup apps**: 2
- **world cup first**: 1999
- **world cup best**: 5th (2007 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup, 2007)
- **regional name**: Men's European Volleyball Championship, European Championship
- **regional cup apps**: 9
- **regional cup first**: 1981 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 1981
- **regional cup best**: (2007 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 2007)
- **pattern b1**: _yellowshoulders
- **leftarm1**: cc0000
- **body1**: cc0000
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- **shorts3**: FAEBD7
Andrea Anastasi

**Andrea Anastasi** (born October 8, 1960 in Poggio Rusco, Italy) is a former Italian volleyball player, World Champion 1990, European Championship 1989, World League 1990 and World League 1991, head coach of Polish club Lotos Trefl Gdańsk.

## Other websites

- Lega Pallavolo Serie A player profile
Two for the Road

***Two for the Road*** is a 1967 comedy-drama motion picture. This movie is about a couple who examine their relationship while on a trip to southern France. Audrey Hepburn plays Joanna Wallace. Albert Finney plays Mark.

The movie got positive reviews from critics.
Bitche

**Bitche** is a commune in the Grand Est region in northeastern France. About 5,000 people live there.

It is known for its large citadel. The surrounding area is known as le Pays de Bitche ("Land of Bitche") and Bitscherland in German.
In Cold Blood

***In Cold Blood*** is a 1967 American crime-drama movie. The movie is based on the novel of the same name. It is about Richard Hickock and Perry Smith. In 1959, the two men break into a Kansas home and kill four people. They drive to Las Vegas, then to Mexico. They are later caught by police, tried for the murders, then executed. Robert Blake plays Perry Smith. Scott Wilson plays Richard Hickock.

The movie was released on 14 December 1967. It was officially rated R by the MPAA for violence.
Casino Royale (1967 movie)

***Casino Royale*** is a 1967 spy-comedy movie. The movie is about James Bond being forced from retirement to investigate the deaths and disappearances of international spies. Ursula Andress plays Vesper Lynd. David Niven plays James Bond.

The movie was a financial success. It took in over $41 million worldwide. The reviews for _Casino Royale_, were mixed.
Fanny Brice

**Fanny Brice** (October 29, 1891 – May 29, 1951) was an American singer, comedian, theatre and movie actress. She appeared in many Broadway plays. She also appeared on television and radio. On radio, she played Snooks in _The Baby Snooks Show_. In the movie _Everybody Sing_, she played Olga.

Brice was born in New York City. She died in Hollywood, California from a cerebral haemorrhage. She was 59.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Fanny Brice
- **image**: Fannybricebain.jpg
- **image size**: 225px
- **caption**: Undated publicity photo
- **birth name**: Fania Borach
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Hollywood, California, U.S.
- **spouse**:

- **children**: Frances (1919–1992)
 William Brice, William (1921–2008)
Stephanie Courtney

**Stephanie Courtney** (born February 8, 1970) is an American actress and comedian. She acts in television and radio commercials. She played Flo in commercials for Progressive Insurance. She also played Diane on the ABC comedy series _Caveman_.

Courtney was born in Stony Point, New York.
Abby Elliott

**Abigail "Abby" Elliott** (born June 16, 1987) is an American actress and comedian. She does impressions of celebrities on television. She played Jeanette Peterson in _How I Met Your Mother_. She also played Taylor in the 2014 remake movie _Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles_.

Elliott was born in New York City. Her father, Chris Elliott, was on _Saturday Night Live_ in 1994–1995. Her grandfather is comedian Bob Elliott.
Alpha and Omega: Family Vacation

***Alpha and Omega: Family Vacation*** (or simply ***Alpha and Omega 5***) is a 2015 American computer-animated action comedy movie directed by Richard Rich and Saul Andrew Blinkoff, distributed by Lions Gate Entertainment and produced by Rich and Crest Animations Productions. The movie is the fifth chapter in the _Alpha and Omega_ franchise and it was once again written by Tom Kane. This movie was first aired on TV in Mexico on March 28, 2015 and it's now expecting a U.S/worldwide release sometimes in August 2015.

## Plot

Kate and Humphrey take their pups to Alfred Creek Falls for a vacation, where they find themselves embroiled on a cross-country chase after mad wolf trappers spot them.

## Cast

- Ben Diskin as Humphrey
- Kate Higgins as Kate/Stinky
- Dee Dee Greene as Runt
- Lindsay Torrance as Claudette
- Mike Jacobs as Fleet/Brent
- Mella Leigh as Agnes
- Chris Smith as Marcel/Paddy
- Gina K. Bowes as Freida/Fran

## Production

_Alpha and Omega: Family Vacation_ was officially announced during the production of _The Great Wolf Games_ and _The Legend of the Saw Tooth Cave_.

## Release

The movie was first aired as a made-for-TV movie in Mexico on March 28, 2015, in Discovery Kids. It's now set to be released in the U.S and worldwide sometimes in August 2015.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Alpha and Omega: Family Vacation
- **director**: Richard Rich
Saul Andrew Blinkoff
- **producer**: Richard Rich
Steve Moore
Susan Gelb
Daniel Engelhardt
Ken Katsumoto
- **writer**: Tom Kane
- **based on**: Characters created by
Steve Moore
Ben Gluck
- **starring**: Ben Diskin
Kate Higgins
Dee Dee Greene
Lindsay Torrance
Mike Jacobs
Mella Leigh
Chris Smith
Gina K. Bowes
- **music**: Chris P. Bacon
- **cinematography**: Daryn Okada
- **editing**: Joe Campana
Louis La Praix
- **studio**: Crest Animations Productions
- **distributor**: Lions Gate Entertainment
- **released**: March 28, 2015 (Mexico)
August 2015 (U.S)
- **runtime**: 46 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
South Saqqara Stone

The **South Saqqara Stone** is a large piece of stone. Written on the stone is a list of the pharaohs of the 6th dynasty of ancient Egypt. The list includes Teti, Userkare, Pepi I, Merenre and Pepi II. The list finishes with Pepi II which means it was probably written during his rule. The list is a record of the events which took place during each kings rule. However the stone was used later as the lid of sarcophagus.  This was for the burial of the ancient Egyptian queen Ankhenespepi. A lot of the writing can not be read any longer.

## Discovery

The South Saqqara Stone was discovered in 1932-33 by Gustave Jéquier. It was in a storeroom, south of the pyramid of Queen Iput II. This is part of the pyramid complex of Pepi II at Saqqara. Saqqara was the main burial area for the city of Memphis.

## Description

The stone is a piece of basalt, 2.43 metres by 0.92 metres and 20 centimetres thick. It has writing on both sides, but much of the writing has been removed and is unreadable.

## Significance

The writing on the South Saqqara Stone means it is an important object. The list of pharaohs has details about the annual or biannual cattle count. This matches details in other lists such as the Turin King List. This allows archaeologists to work out how long each king ruled. From the information on the stone it can be worked out that  Teti ruled for at least 12 years, Userkare 2-4 years, Pepi I 49-50 years and 11-13 years for Merenre.

The Stone is one of the earliest historical documents in existence. It has the names of all the pharaohs known to the people who made it.

## Related pages

- List of pharaohs
- Abydos King List
- Karnak king list
- Saqqara Tablet
- Turin King List

## References

- Francesco Raffaele: "The South Saqqara Stone"
- Michel Baud, Vassil Dobrev, _De nouvelles annales de l'Ancien Empire égyptien. Une "Pierre de Palerme" pour la VIe dynastie_, BIFAO 95 (1995), pp.23-92
Heterobranchia

The **Heterobranchs** are a large group of snails and slugs. The group includes marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod molluscs.

Heterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods. It has three informal groups:  The details are extremely complicated, and not yet quite worked out. Experts say they have "poorly resolved phylogenetic relationships".

- Lower Heterobranchia: a group of rather specialized, highly evolved sea slugs and sea snails.
- Opisthobranchia: almost all are marine species, some shelled and some not. They are a group of slugs and snails with grinding gizzard plates.
- Pulmonata. This is a group which  is familiar to most people. It includes most land snails and slugs, many freshwater snails and a few marine species. They breathe air, are hermaphrodite, and usually have no operculum.
Yoshi's Woolly World

***Yoshi's Woolly World*** (known as ***Yoshi Wool World*** in Japan) is a side-scrolling platform video game. It was developed by Good-Feel and published by Nintendo. The game was released on 26 June 2015 in Europe, Fall 2015 in North America, Summer 2015 in Japan, and on 25 June 2015 in Australia. It will be released for the Wii U. _Yoshi's Woolly World_ will be the first _Yoshi_ video game to be released on a home console since _Yoshi's Story_ was released for the Nintendo 64 in 1997.

The game was announced by Nintendo CEO Satoru Iwata on 23 January 2013 under the name _Yarn Yoshi_. It supports Amiibo figurines. A new line of Amiibo made out of yarn will be released. Nintendo is planning to release three Yoshi Amiibo in pink, green, and blue.

A stage in _Super Smash Bros. for Wii U_ is based on _Yoshi's Woolly World_.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Yoshi's Woolly World
- **engine**: CryEngine 3
Warren Weinstein

**Warren Weinstein** (July 3, 1941 – January 14, 2015) was an American contractor and economist. He was a director in Pakistan for J.E. Austin Associates.

He was kidnapped by eight al-Qaeda members on August 13, 2011 in Lahore, Pakistan. He was killed in a January 2015 US drone strike on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. His death was announced by U.S. President Barack Obama at a White House press conference on April 23, 2015.
Adam Yahiye Gadahn

**Adam Yahiye Gadahn** (, _Ādam Yaḥyā Ghadan_; September 1, 1978 – January 19, 2015) was an American senior operative, cultural interpreter, spokesman and media advisor for the Islamist group al-Qaeda. Since 2004, he had appeared in a number of videos produced by al-Qaeda as "**Azzam the American**" ('Azzām al-Amrīki, عزام الأمريكي, sometimes transcribed as Ezzam Al-Amerikee). He was born in Oregon.

On April 23, 2015, President Barack Obama announced at a press conference that Gadahn had been killed in a CIA drone strike in Pakistan on January 19, 2015.
Thermidorian Reaction

The **Thermidorian Reaction** was a coup d'état inside the French Revolution. It was against the leaders of the Jacobin Club, who had dominated the Committee of Public Safety. It was triggered by a vote of the National Convention to execute Maximilien Robespierre, Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, and several other leading members of the revolutionary government. This ended the Reign of Terror, the most radical phase of the French Revolution.

The name Thermidorian refers to 9 Thermidor Year II (27 July 1794), the date according to the French Republican Calendar.

A Thermidorian Reaction is a phrase now used when an oppressive regime (government) is overthrown, and replaced by an even more repressive regime.

This term comes from the French Revolution, when the monarchy was overthrown. It was replaced by several forms of government, each more oppressive than the last.  One of the regimes renamed the months and renumbered the years because they were too Christian.  One of the summer months was called Thermidor.  This particular revolution happened in that month, so it was called the Thermidorian Reaction.
Charles W. Buttz

**Charles Wilson Buttz** (November 16, 1837 – July 20, 1913) was a U.S. Representative for South Carolina. He was a member of the Republican Party.

He was born in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. He died in Lisbon, North Dakota.
International Scout

The **International Scout** was an off-road vehicle which was made by International Harvester from 1960 to 1980. It was one of the earlier SUVs. The Scout was created as a competitor to the Jeep. Remarkably, the Scout went from a basic idea to production in only two years. Like the Jeep it had square utilitarian styling but had cleaner lines. It initially featured a fold-down windshield. The Scout and second generation Scout II were produced in Fort Wayne, Indiana as two-door trucks. They had the options of a half cab pickup or removable hard or soft top.

## Background

International Harvester began building trucks and pickups and later in 1907. In 1953 it added a truck-based people carrier, the Travelall. In the late 1950s it began to design a competitor for the two-door Jeep CJ 4x4. The 1961 model year Scout 80 made its debut in late 1960. Scouts began selling so well against Jeep, Ford jumped in with the Bronco and Chevrolet came out with the Blazer.

## Production

A concept for its replacement was started in 1964. It was approved for production in mid 1965. The Scout II was introduced in 1971. The basic sheet metal remained the unchanged until production stopped on October 21, 1980. During the 20 year period (1960–1980) 532,674 Scouts were produced. The Scout, introduced as a commercial utility vehicle in 1960, set the stage for future 4-wheel drive recreational vehicles of the '70s, '80s, and '90s.

## Scout models and variants

Scout models include the:
- Scout 80 (1960–1965): The original
- Scout 800 (1966–1971): Same overall design as original with upgrades (electric wipers, newer engines etc.)
- Scout 810 (1971): Some early Scout II's contain Scout 810 badging on the glove box.
- Scout II (1971–1980): The later standard production model with a removable soft or hardtop (100-inch wheelbase).
- Scout II Terra (1976–1980): The light pickup truck version (118-inch wheelbase).
- Scout II Traveler (1976–1980): This version had a removable fiberglass hardtop, optional third row of seats (118 in wheelbase).
- Super Scout II (1977–1979): This model had removable fabric doors, a rollbar, and softtop. The soft-top model was tagged the "SSII" by IH marketing. Eventually the "SS" letters were assumed to stand for "Super Scout", the name this model is called today.
Ford Bronco

The **Ford Bronco** was a utility vehicle that was produced from 1966 to 1996. It had five distinct generations. All these vehicles are currently classified as sport utility vehicles (SUV). The Broncos can be divided into two categories: early Broncos (1966–77) and full-size Broncos (1978–96). In 2021, after 25 years away, Ford revived the Bronco name on a new small, retro-styled SUV.

The Bronco was introduced in 1966. It was a competitor to the small four-wheel drive compact SUVs that included the Jeep CJ-5 and International Harvester Scout. It was built on its own platform. Ford positioned the Bronco between the Jeep and Scout. But it was too small to capture the US market. A major redesign in 1978 moved the Bronco to a larger size. It used  a shortened Ford F-Series truck chassis to compete with both the similarly adapted Chevrolet K5 Blazer, as well as the Dodge Ramcharger.

The full-size Broncos and the successor Expedition were produced at Ford's Michigan Truck Plant in Wayne, Michigan.
Marco Andretti

**Marco Michael Andretti** (born March 13, 1987) is an American race car driver. He drives car #27 for Andretti Autosport in the IndyCar Series. He is a part of the famous Andretti family of race car drivers.

Andretti began racing in the IndyCar Series in 2006. His best season was 2013 at 5th place.  he has had 2 wins.

## Other websites

- Official page
Wallace de Souza

**Wallace de Souza** (June 26, 1987 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian volleyball player. He plays for Sada Cruzeiro Vôlei and the Brazilian national team. Souza competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics, where he won the silver medal with Brazil. The Russian team took home the gold medals.
Volleyball World League

The FIVB **Volleyball World League** is an international men's volleyball competition held annually. It was created in 1990. It is the longest and richest of all the international events organized by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). There are millions in prize money and worldwide TV coverage. The 2015 event is the 26th edition with a record 32 teams competing.

## Other websites

- Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB)
- FIVB World League 2015
Asian Volleyball Championship

The **Asian Volleyball Championship** is a sport competition for national volleyball teams. It is organized by the Asian Volleyball Confederation and  the Asian volleyball federation. It is held every two years. The first edition for both men and women was held in 1975.

## Other websites

- Asian Volleyball Championship (AVC)
Marcus Belgrave

**Marcus Belgrave** (June 12, 1936 – May 24, 2015) was an American jazz trumpet player. He was born in Chester, Pennsylvania, but raised in Detroit, Michigan. He recorded with a variety of famous musicians, bandleaders, and record labels since the 1950s.

Belgrave died on May 24, 2015, in Ann Arbor, Michigan of heart failure, aged 78.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Marcus Belgrave
- **image**: Tribe Reunion.jpg
- **caption**: Trumpeter Marcus Belgrave, saxophonist Wendell Harrison, trombonist Phil Ranelin
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Marcus Batista Belgrave
- **birth place**: Chester, Pennsylvania, United States
- **death place**: Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- **origin**: Detroit, Michigan, United States
- **instrument**: Trumpet
- **genre**: Jazz
- **occupation**: Musician
- **label**: Detroit jazz musicians co-op
- **associated acts**: Motown, Ray Charles, Charles Mingus, Max Roach, Joan Belgrave
John M. Murphy

**John Michael Murphy** (August 3, 1926 – May 25, 2015) was an American politician. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York serving from 1963 through 1981.

Murphy died the age of 88 on May 25, 2015, at a Staten Island hospital.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John M. Murphy
- **image name**: John M. Murphy.jpg
- **state**: New York (state), New York
- **district**: New York's 17th congressional district, 17th
- **term start**: January 3, 1973
- **term end**: January 3, 1981
- **preceded**: Ed Koch
- **succeeded**: Guy Molinari
- **state2**: New York (state), New York
- **district2**: New York's 16th congressional district, 16th
- **term start2**: January 3, 1963
- **term end2**: January 3, 1973
- **preceded2**: Adam Clayton Powell, Jr
- **succeeded2**: Elizabeth Holtzman
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **birth name**: John Michael Murphy
- **birth place**: Staten Island, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Staten Island, New York, U.S.
- **children**: John M. Murphy, Jr.
Mark Murphy (politician), Mark Murphy
- **alma mater**: Amherst College
Les Johnson

**Leslie Royston "Les" Johnson** AM (2 November 1924 - 26 May 2015) was a former Australian  politician and minister. He served as a member of the Australian Parliament representing Hughes serving from 1955 through 1966 and again from 1969 through 1983.

Johnson was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in June 1990.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Les Johnson
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of Australia, AM
- **constituency mp**: Division of Hughes, Hughes
- **parliament**: Australian
- **predecessor1**: _New seat_
- **successor1**: Don Dobie
- **term start1**: 10 December 1955
- **term end1**: 26 November 1966
- **predecessor2**: Don Dobie
- **successor2**: Robert Tickner
- **term start2**: 25 October 1969
- **term end2**: 19 December 1983
- **birth place**: Enfield, New South Wales, Enfield, Sydney
- **death date**: 26 May 2015 (aged 90)
- **death place**: Shoal Bay, New South Wales
- **nationality**: Australian
- **spouse**: (1) Gladys Jones
 (2) Marion Sharkey (nee Legge)
- **party**: Australian Labor Party
- **children**: Grant, Sally, Jenny
Vicente Aranda

**Vicente Aranda Ezquerra** (; 9 November 1926 - 26 May 2015), was a Spanish movie director, screenwriter and producer. He was known for directing the 1990 movie _Amantes_.

Aranda died at the age of 88 in Madrid.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Vicente Aranda
- **image**: Vicente aranda.jpg
- **caption**: Vicente Aranda in 2010
- **birth name**: Vicente Aranda Ezquerra
- **birth place**: Barcelona, Spain
- **death place**: Madrid, Spain
- **occupation**: Film director, screenwriter
- **years active**: 1964–2015
- **awards**: **Goya Awards**
* Best Director for _Amantes_
* Best Film for _Amantes_
Mallory Hagan

**Mallory Hagan** (born December 23, 1988) is an American beauty queen. She was crowned Miss America 2013. Since 1989, each contestant has to choose an issue she cares deeply about to promote. Hagan chose increasing awareness and prevention of child sexual abuse. Along with the crown she won a $50,000 college scholarship.

Hagen is originally from Opelika, Alabama. She came to New York from Alabama when she was 18 years old. She had been competing in beauty contests since age 13. Hagen entered the Miss New York contest in 2010 and 2011. She won in 2012. The last Miss America from New York was Vanessa Williams in 1984. Hagen is the first Miss America from Brooklyn.

With a concern for education, in her first 24 hours as Miss America, Hagan talked with United States Secretary of Education Arne Duncan.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mallory Hagan
- **image**: Mallory Hagan Show Us Your Shoes 2013.JPG
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Hagan in the 2013 Show Us Your Shoes parade in Atlantic City, NJ
- **birth name**: Mallory Hytes Hagan
- **birth place**: Memphis, Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, United States, U.S.
- **education**: Opelika High School
Auburn University
Fashion Institute of Technology
- **occupation**: Beauty Queen
- **title**: Miss Brooklyn 2010
Miss Manhattan 2011
Miss New York City 2012
Miss New York 2012
Miss America 2013
- **term**: January 12, 2013 - September 15, 2013
- **predecessor**: Laura Kaeppeler
- **successor**: Nina Davuluri
Toghrol Tower

**Toghrol Tower** (also _Tughril, Toghrul, Tuğrul,_ or _Tughrul_ Tower) is a 12th-century tower in the city of Rey, Iran. The 20 meters tall brick tower is the **tomb of the first Seljuk ruler Tughril**, who died in Rey in 1063. The tower is **kept by Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization.**

## Resources

- Toqrol Tower, Ray   _irantouronline.com_
Cheshmeh-Ali (Shahr-e-Rey)

**Cheshmeh-Ali** (meaning:Ali's spring) is a natural and swimming spring in Rey, Iran. The spring is located south of Tehran. Cheshmeh-Ali is run from a big rock and flown to south-east. Cheshmeh-Ali dates back 8,000 years ago and is placed under Rey Castle. Inscription of Fath Ali Shah is between Rey Castle and Cheshmeh-Ali from top to down.

## Resources

- ČAŠMA(-YE) ʿALĪ _iranicaonline.org_
Epstein–Barr virus

The **Epstein–Barr virus** (**EBV**), also called **human herpesvirus 4** (HHV-4), is one of eight viruses in the herpes family. It is one of the most common viruses in humans.

EBV is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever). It is also associated with some forms of cancer, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). EBV may be associated with a higher risk of certain autoimmune diseases.  Some 200,000 cancer cases per year may be caused by (or associated with) EBV.

Infection with EBV occurs by the transfer by mouth (oral transfer) of saliva and genital secretions.

Most people become infected with EBV and gain adaptive immunity. In the United States, about half of all five-year-old children and about 90 percent of adults have evidence of previous infection. Infants become susceptible to EBV as soon as maternal antibody protection disappears. Many children become infected with EBV, and these infections usually cause no symptoms or are just mild, brief illnesses of childhood. In the United States and other developed countries, many people are not infected with EBV in their childhood years. When infection with EBV occurs during adolescence, it causes glandular fever 35 to 50 percent of the time.

EBV infects B cells of the immune system and epithelial cells. Once EBV's initial infection is brought under control, non-active EBV stays in the person's B cells for the rest of their life.
Populism

**Populism** is a name for a kind of political movement. Populists usually try to make a difference between common people and "elites" (meaning usually, top classes of people). Populists may think of wealthy people or well-educated people as belonging to the class of elites. Populists may also call those who have been working in government for a long time "establishment" and count them as elites too.

A theme of populism is that the common people lack certain privileges that the elites have or that commoners cannot do certain things the elites can do. The populists see themselves on the side of the common people. They want to help the common people get some of the rights and privileges of the elites.

## Right-wing populism

Right-wing populists take some of the values of right-wing parties:
- They see unregulated immigration as good for the elite and bad for the people.
- They are against globalization and foreign beliefs: in Europe, they often think that European values are based on Christian ones and that other religions or their values are bad.

## Left-wing populism

Left-wing populists share some of the values of left-wing parties:
- They believe in social justice, according to their defined definition
- Often, they are against capitalism and globalization
- Unlike right-wing populists who are against unregulated immigration, they focus heavily on including unprivileged social groups. Often at the burden of a larger collective.
Left-wing populism is common in Central and South America.

## Related pages

- Appeal to popularity
- Autocracy
- Cult of personality
- Ochlocracy
- Pragmatism
- Political polarization
- Welfare state
Minesweeper

- _For the videogame, see Minesweeper (video game)_

A **minesweeper** is a small naval warship designed to sweep the water clear of mines.  Minesweepers keep waterway<nowiki/>s clear for shipping. They are quieter and less magnetic than other ships, so the mines won't explode when being swept.

In Great Britain, naval leaders knew before World War I that sea mines were a threat to the nation's shipping. The real threat was not invasion, but blockade aided by mines. Fishing nets pulled behind boats gave an idea on how to clear mines. The Royal Navy used fishermen and their fishing trawlers to keep the English Channel clear of mines. They were supplied with mine gear, rifles, uniforms and pay as the first minesweepers.

The dedicated, purpose-built minesweeper first appeared during World War I. By the end of the war, naval mine technology had grown beyond the ability of minesweepers to detect and remove.

Minesweeping made big advances during World War 2.  Fighting nations quickly adapted ships to the task of minesweeping.  Both Allied and Axis countries made heavy use of minesweepers throughout the war. Underwater mines remained a problem even after the war ended, and minesweepers were still in use after Japan surrendered to the United States.

After World War 2, allied countries worked on new types of minesweepers.  The United States Navy used special landing craft (shallow-water boats) to clear shallow harbors in and around North Korea. , the U.S. Navy had four minesweepers in the Persian Gulf.
Asian Championship

An **Asian Championship** is a top level international sports competition between Asian athletes or sports teams representing their respective countries or professional sports clubs.

## Related pages

- Asian Games, a multi-sport event between competitors from all nations in Asia
- Championship
- World championship
    - European Championship
Primitive root modulo n

In modular arithmetic, a number g is a **primitive root modulo n**, if every number m from 1..(n-1) can be expressed in the form of . As an example, 3 is a primitive root modulo 7:
All the elements  of the group modulo 7 can be expressed that way. The number 2 is no primitive root modulo 7, because
and
Alice and Bob

**Alice and Bob** are placeholder names which are commonly used to talk about problems. It is used in cryptography, game theory and physics. Instead of “A sends B a message” people say “Alice sends Bob a message”. Ron Rivest seems to have used these names first, in publications about the RSA algorithm. This was 1977 and 1978.

## Other names

The most used names are Alice and Bob. Eve, Mallory, and Trent are used often too, and they have pretty well-defined uses.
Twelve Penny Black

**Twelve Penny Black** is a rare Canada stamp. It was issued in 1851. The 12-pence stamp showed the portrait of Queen Victoria.

## History

In 1851, the Province of Canada issued the stamps of Queen Victoria. For the stamp image, the Queen's portrait by Alfred Edward Chalon (1780–1860) was used. This design is called the _Chalon head_. The stamps were printed in New York.

In fine and unused condition, these stamps are very priced. In February 2006, a Twelve Penny Black was sold £116,000.

## Related pages

- Penny Black
- Penny Lilac
- Penny Red
- Queen Victoria
- Two Penny Blue

## Other websites

- Canadian stamps (1851–1875)  on the site of Library and Archives Canada.
K.A.A. Gent

**Koninklijke Atletiek Associatie Gent**, also referred to as just **AA Gent** is a football club from Ghent, Belgium. It was founded in 1900 and is one of the top clubs in Belgium. Its home ground is the Planet Group Arena, which has a capacity of 20,000.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: AA Gent
- **fullname**: Koninklijke Atletiek Associatie Gent (_Royal Athletics Association Ghent_)
- **nickname**: _Buffalo's_
- **founded**: Stamnummer (Matricule, matricule number) 7
- **ground**: Planet Group Arena
- **capacity**: 20,000
- **chairman**: Sam Baro
- **chrtitle**: President
- **manager**: Wouter Vrancken
- **mgrtitle**: Head coach
- **league**: Belgian Pro League
- **season**: 2014–15 Belgian Pro League, 2014–15
- **position**: Belgian Pro League, 1nd
- **website**: http://www.kaagent.be/
- **current**: 2014–15 K.A.A. Gent season
Maurice Hayes

**Maurice Hayes** (8 July 1927 – 23 December 2017) was an Irish politician. He was an independent member of the 21st and 22nd Seanads, nominated as a senator by the Taoiseach.

Hayes was born in County Down in Northern Ireland. He died at a hospital in Belfast on 23 December 2017 from frontotemporal dementia at the age of 90.
Kenneth Bloomfield

**Sir Kenneth Percy Bloomfield** (born 15 April 1931 died 30 May 2025) was the former head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service.

He was later a member of the Independent Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains and for a time Northern Ireland Victims Commissioner. In addition to this, he has held a variety of public sector posts in Northern Ireland and elsewhere.

Bloomfield was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

## Other websites

- Independent Commission for the Location of Victims Remains Official Website