juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Apomorphy

An **apomorphy** in biology is a derived state, or innovation. For example, amongst mammals, babies can digest their mothers' milk. That is something all mammals share. It is an apomorphy unique to mammals, and so is the production of milk by mammalian mothers.

Apomorphies which are found in every species of a group of animals are the basis of taxonomy. If a group of animals all have a unique apomorphy, the most likely reason is that they descended from a common ancestor. When a group of animals share a large number of apomorphies this becomes a near-certainty. Mammals share a long list of characters which are unique to them.

Clades are identified (or defined) by synapomorphies (from syn-, "together"). These are a group of apomorphies which they all have, but other groups do not. For example, the five digits (fingers and toes) like ours is a synapomorphy within the vertebrates. The tetrapods are the first vertebrates with such digits. Snakes and other tetrapods which do not have digits are tetrapods because other characters, such as amniotic eggs and diapsid skulls, show they descended from ancestors that which had digits.

## Related pages

- Synapomorphy
Colin Pillinger

**Colin Trevor Pillinger**,  (9 May 1943 – 7 May 2014) was a British planetary scientist at the Open University. He was the main investigator for the British failed Beagle 2 Mars lander project. He also worked on a group of Martian meteorites. He was born in Kingswood, South Gloucestershire.

Pillinger died from a brain haemorrhage on 7 May 2014 at the Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire. He was 70.
Seven Seas of Rhye

"**Seven Seas of Rhye**" is a 1973 song by Queen. The instrumental version appears on their debut studio album _Queen_ and the final version appears on the second studio album _Queen II_. It went to the top 10 in the United Kingdom.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Seven Seas of Rhye
- **type**: instrumental
- **artist**: Queen (band), Queen
- **album**: Queen (Queen album), Queen
- **released**: 13 July 1973
- **recorded**: April – 30 July 1972
- **studio**: Trident Studios, Trident, London
- **writer**: Freddie Mercury
- **label**: *EMI Records, EMI (UK)
*Elektra Records, Elektra (US)
- **producer**: *John Anthony (record producer), John Anthony
*Roy Thomas Baker
*Queen


## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Seven Seas of Rhye
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Queen (band), Queen
- **album**: Queen II
- **released**: *23 February 1974 (UK)
*20 June 1974 (US)
- **recorded**: August 1973 – February 1974
- **studio**: Trident Studios, Trident, London
- **label**: *EMI Records, EMI (UK)
*Elektra Records, Elektra (US)
- **writer**: Freddie Mercury
- **prev title**: Liar (Queen song), Liar
- **prev year**: 1974
- **next title**: Killer Queen
- **next title2**: Flick of the Wrist
- **next year**: 1974
Killer Queen

"**Killer Queen**" is a song by British rock group Queen. It was featured on their 1974 album _Sheer Heart Attack_, and also appears on, _Greatest Hits_. When released as a single, "Killer Queen" was Queen's breakthrough hit. It reached number two in the United Kingdom and number 12 in the United States.

Musicians:
- Freddie Mercury - lead and backing vocals, piano, jangle piano
- Brian May - electric guitar, backing vocals
- Roger Taylor - drums, triangle, chimes, backing vocals
- John Deacon - bass guitar

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Killer Queen
- **caption**: Italian single picture sleeve
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Queen (band), Queen
- **album**: Sheer Heart Attack
- **a-side**: "Flick of the Wrist" (double A-side)
- **written**: 1973
- **released**: 11 October 1974 (UK)
21 October 1974 (US)
- **recorded**: July – August 1974
- **studio**: Trident Studios, Trident, London
- **genre**: *Art pop
*glam rock
*
- **length**: 3:00
- **label**: *EMI Records, EMI (UK)
*Elektra Records, Elektra (US)
- **writer**: Freddie Mercury
- **prev title**: Seven Seas of Rhye
- **prev year**: 1974
- **title2**: Flick of the Wrist
- **next title**: Now I'm Here
- **next year**: 1975
Somebody to Love (Queen song)

"**Somebody to Love**" is a 1976 song by British band Queen and taken from their fifth studio album _A Day at the Races_. It topped the single charts in the Netherlands, number 2 in Belgium and the United Kingdom, number 5 in Canada, number 6 in Ireland, number 7 in South Africa, number 10 in Italy and number 13 in the United States.

### George Michael and Queen version

George Michael performed this version at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert in April 1992. The cover went to number 1 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was included in his EP _Five Live_ in 1993.
Foo Fighters covered the song with the late Taylor Hawkins on vocals.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Somebody to Love
- **caption**: UK single picture sleeve
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Queen (band), Queen
- **album**: A Day at the Races (album), A Day at the Races
- **b-side**: *"A Day at the Races (album), White Man" (UK)
*"Long Away" (Poland)
- **released**: 12 November 1976
- **recorded**: 1976
- **genre**: *Rock music, Rock
*Gospel music, gospel
- **length**: 4:56
- **label**: *EMI Records, EMI (UK)
*Elektra Records, Elektra (US)
*Tonpress (Poland)
- **writer**: Freddie Mercury
- **producer**: Queen
- **prev title**: You're My Best Friend (Queen song), You're My Best Friend
- **prev year**: 1976
- **next title**: Tie Your Mother Down
- **next year**: 1977


## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Somebody to Love
- **border**: yes
- **type**: single
- **artist**: George Michael and Queen (band), Queen
- **ep**: Five Live (George Michael and Queen EP), Five Live
- **b-side**: Dear Friends
- **released**: 6 May 1993
- **recorded**: 20 April 1992
- **venue**: Wembley Stadium (1923), Wembley Stadium, London
- **length**: 5:17
- **label**: Parlophone
- **writer**: Freddie Mercury
- **producer**: Queen, George Michael
- **prev title**: Too Funky
- **prev year**: 1992
- **next title**: Killer (Adamski song)#George Michael version, Killer / Papa Was a Rollin' Stone
- **next year**: 1993
Princess Estelle, Duchess of Östergötland

**Princess Estelle of Sweden, Duchess of Östergötland** (Estelle Silvia Ewa Mary; born 23 February 2012) is the oldest child of Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden. Her younger brother is Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne. She is second in line of succession to the Swedish throne.

The princess was born at 04:26 Central European Time on 23 February 2012 at Karolinska University Hospital. She was named the following day.

## Titles and styles and Honors

- **23 February 2012 – present:** Her Royal Highness  Princess Estelle   of Sweden, The Duchess of Östergötland
- Member  of the Royal Order of the Seraphim  ( 22 May 2012)
- Member of the Royal Family Decoration of King Carl XVI (22 May 2012)
- Recipient of the Commemorative Ruby Jubilee Medal of His Majesty The King (15 September 2013)
- Recipient of the Commemorative 70th Birthday Medal of His Majesty The King  (30 April 2016)
- Recipient of the Commemorative Golden Jubilee Medal of His Majesty The King (15 September 2023)

## Other websites

- Royal Court of Sweden - Princess Estelle

|-

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Princess Estelle
- **title**: Duchess of Östergötland
- **image**: Princess Estelle, Duchess of Östergötland 2023.jpg
- **caption**: Princess Estelle in 2023
- **full name**: Estelle Silvia Ewa Mary
- **house**: House of Bernadotte, Bernadotte
- **father**: Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland, Daniel Westling
- **mother**: Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
- **birth place**: Karolinska University Hospital,
Solna, Sweden
- **religion**: Church of Sweden
Katie Cassidy

**Katherine Evelyn Anita Cassidy** (also **Katie Cassidy**; born November 25, 1986) is an American actress. She played Kris Fowles in _A Nightmare on Elm Street_ (the 2010 movie). She also played Ruby in the series _Supernatural_.

Cassidy was born in Los Angeles.
Roma Downey

**Roma Downey** (born 6 May 1960) is an Irish actress. She played the angel Monica in _Touched by an Angel_. She also played the Virgin Mary in _Son of God_ in 2014.

Downey was born in Londonderry, Northern Ireland. She is currently married to the producer Mark Burnett.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Roma Downey
- **honorific suffix**: Order of the British Empire, OBE
- **image**: Roma Downey 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Downey in 2015
- **birth date**: May 6, 1960
- **birth place**: Derry, Northern Ireland
- **yearsactive**: 1988–present
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 1 daughter, 2 stepsons
- **alma mater**: Brighton College of Art
Nazim Al-Haqqani

**Mehmet Nazım Adil** (April 21, 1922 – May 7, 2014; Sha'ban 23, 1340 AH – Rajab 8, 1435 AH),  often called **Sheikh Nazim** (), was a Turkish-Cypriot Sufi Sheikh. He was the leader of the Naqshbandi-Haqqani Order. He was also a poet. He was born in Larnaca, Cyprus.

Nazim al-Haqqani died at the age of 92 in Northern Cyprus from multiple organ failure.
Raúl Baca Carbo

**Oswaldo Raul Baca Carbo** (June 29, 1931 - May 7, 2014) was an Ecuadorian engineer and politician. He is thought to be a historic leader of the Democratic Party of Ecuador. He was one of the most influential figures in Ecuadorian politics.

He was president of the National Congress on three separate occasions, in addition to being president of the Andean Parliament and the Latin American Parliament.

Carbo was born in Quito, Ecuador. He died in Quito, Ecuador, aged 82.
Ramón Vega Hidalgo

**Hidalgo Ramon Vega** (February 1, 1934 - May 7, 2014) was a Chilean politician and military personal. He was commander in chief of the Chilean Air Force. In 1998 he was appointed institutional senator, a position he held starting in 1998. He left office in 2006.

Hidalgo was born in Santiago, Chile. He died there from heart failure, aged 80.
Koko (dog)

**Koko** (9 April 2005 – 18 December 2012) was an Australian Kelpie actor and fundraiser. He is best known for his role as the title character of the movie _Red Dog_ (2011). His owner was Nelson Woss, a producer of _Red Dog_. He was born in Dunolly, Victoria.

Koko died from heart failure caused by heart disease on 18 December 2012 in Perth, Western Australia. He was 7.
Manuel Jiménez de Parga

**Manuel Jiménez de Parga y Cabrera** (April 9, 1929 - May 6, 2014) was a Spanish lawyer, politician and diplomat.

He was professor in charge of the department of political law at the University of Madrid (1956) and professor in opposition of the Faculty of Law of the University of Barcelona (1957-1977). He was Dean of the Faculty of Law (1976) and Rector of the University of Barcelona (1976-1977).

de Parga was Minister of Labour (1977-78) and Ambassador-Permanent Representative of Spain to the ILO (Geneva, 1978-1981) and president of the Inter-American Conference of Labour (1980).

He was born in Granada, Spain. de Parga died in Madrid, Spain, aged 85.
Jair Rodrigues

**Jair Rodrigues de Oliveira** (February 6, 1939 – May 8, 2014) was a Brazilian musician and singer. His career began during the 1950s. He was known for his many albums such as _O Menino da Porteira_, _Boi da Cara Preta_ and _Majestade o Sabiá_. He sang funk and samba music.

Rodrigues was born in Igarapava, Brazil. He died in Cotia, Brazil, aged 75.
Elder abuse

**Elder abuse** (also **senior abuse**) is a single or repeated act of abuse towards an elderly person. It can also be when a lack of good care causes harm or distress to an older person. It can be physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse or verbal abuse.

Elder abuse happens when there is an "expectation of trust" by the older person toward their abuser. Usually the abuser is someone the older person knows or with whom they have a relationship. This could be a spouse, partner or family member, a friend or neighbor. It could be a caregiver that the older person depends on for services.  Many forms of elder abuse are recognized as types of domestic violence or family violence.
Centrarchidae

**Centrarchidae** or **sunfish** are a family  of freshwater ray-finned fish. They belonging to the order Perciformes. The type genus is ***Centrarchus*** (consisting solely of the flier, _C. macropterus_).

The family's 37 species include many fish familiar to North Americans, including the rock bass, largemouth bass, bluegill, pumpkinseed, and crappies. All are native only to North America. Family members are distinguished by having from five to 13 dorsal spines, which are sharp bones in the dorsal fin. Sizes of most are in the  range. However, some are much smaller, with the black-banded sunfish at just  in length, while the largemouth bass is reported to reach almost  in extreme cases.

The male of most species builds a nest by hollowing out a depression using his tail, then guards the eggs. Most sunfish are valued for sport fishing. They have been introduced in many areas outside their original ranges, sometimes becoming an invasive species.
Edgar Cortright

**Edgar Maurice Cortright** (July 29, 1923 – May 4, 2014) was an American scientist and engineer, and senior official at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States. His known positions during his career were Director of NASA's Langley Research Center and Chairman of the Apollo 13 Review Board.

He died from a stroke in Palm City, Florida, aged 90.

## Other websites

- _NASA Biographical Data Sheet: Edgar Maurice Cortright_
- _Oral History Transcript: Edgar M. Cortright_ Lengthy interview of Cortright.
- Spaceflight Revolution: NASA Langley Research Center From Sputnik to Apollo See Chapter 12: The Cortright Synthesis.
- _Exploring Space With A Camera._ Compiled and Edited by Edgar M. Cortright, 1968.
- _Apollo Expeditions to the Moon_ Edited by Edgar M. Cortright, 1975.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Edgar Cortright
- **image**: Edgar Maurice Cortright.jpg
- **alt**: Black-and-white photo of Edgar Cortright
- **birth name**: Edgar Maurice Cortright
- **birth place**: Hastings, Pennsylvania, Hastings, Pennsylvania, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Palm City, Florida, Palm City, Florida, U.S.
- **occupation**: Engineering and executive positions at NASA and private corporations
Oswego bass

The term **Oswego bass** can refer to one of two species of sunfish:

- The largemouth bass (_Micropterus salmoides_)
- The black crappie (_Pomoxis nigromaculatus_)
Alessandro Pertini

**Alessandro "Sandro" Pertini** (; 25 September 1896 – 24 February 1990) was an Italian journalist and socialist politician. He served as the seventh President of the Italian Republic. He served as President from 1978 to 1985.

## Early life

Pertini was born in Stella, Italy. He studied at the University of Genoa. Aged 19 when Italy entered World War I on the side of the Entente, Pertini opposed the war, but enlisted in the army where he served as a lieutenant and was decorated for bravery. Pertini was married to Carla Voltolina.

## Presidency

In 1978, the 82-year old Pertini was elected President of the Italian Republic. He played a major role in helping restore the public's faith in the government and institutions of Italy.

He maintained an active schedule of traveling and meeting foreign leaders such as Margaret Thatcher, Mikhail Gorbachev, Joseph Broz Tito, and Ronald Reagan.

During the Brigate Rosse terrorism period of the Anni di piombo, Pertini openly denounced the violence. He was also against organized crime in Italy, South African apartheid, Chilean president Augusto Pinochet and other dictatorships. Pertini was as well against the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan.

In 1985, he stepped down from the presidency. He was soon honored with the position of senator for life.

## Personal life

Pertini became President of the Foundation for Historical Studies of Florence. In December 1988, Pertini was the first person to be awarded the Otto Hahn Peace Award by the United Nations. He lived in Rome, Italy.

### Death

Pertini died in Rome, Italy from natural causes, aged 93.

## Other websites

- _Fondazione Sandro Pertini_

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Alessandro Pertini
- **image**: Pertini ritratto.jpg
- **order**: List of presidents of  Italy, 40th President of Italy
- **primeminister**: Giulio Andreotti
 Francesco Cossiga
 Arnaldo Forlani
 Giovanni Spadolini
 Amintore Fanfani
 Bettino Craxi
- **term start**: 9 July 1978
- **term end**: 29 June 1985
- **predecessor**: Giovanni Leone
- **successor**: Francesco Cossiga
- **order2**: Italian Chamber of Deputies, President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies
- **term end2**: 4 June 1976
- **term start2**: 5 July 1968
- **predecessor2**: Brunetto Bucciarelli-Ducci
- **successor2**: Pietro Ingrao
- **order3**: Italian Senate, Lifetime Senator
- **constituency3**: _Former President_
- **term start3**: 29 June 1985
- **term end3**: 24 February 1990
- **birth place**: Stella, Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **nationality**: Italian
- **spouse**: Carla Voltolina
- **party**: Italian Socialist Party, Socialist Party
Von Neumann architecture

The **von Neumann architecture** is a model of how computers work. It was developed by John von Neumann, and others in the 1940s. According to this model, a computer consists of two fundamental parts: There is a processor, which loads and executes program instructions, and there is computer memory which holds both the instructions and the data. The von Neumann architecture is probably the most common model that describes how most computers work today. As it was developed at Princeton University, it is also known as **Princeton architecture**, but that term is less common.

Another very similar architecture is the Harvard architecture, which separates the place where data is held from that where program instructions are held.

## Von Neumann bottleneck

The common bus (essentially like a road for data) used by the program memory and data memory creates what is called the von Neumann bottleneck, which is the limit of the data transfer rate between the CPU and memory (think of it like a 100-km road between destinations). Because the program and data cannot be accessed at the same time, the data transfer rate is smaller than the rate the CPU can work, limiting the effective processing speed of the CPU. It is made to wait for the data it needs to be moved to or from memory.

The Von Neumann bottleneck can be avoided if data and program are transferred on separate buses. This is achieved by the Harvard architecture.

Alternative workarounds include having a small data cache built into the processor, and using complicated algorithms and logic to predict what will be needed next and get it before it is needed.

## Early von Neumann computers

These are some examples of von Neumann model computers.
- Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC)
- Manchester Mark 1
- EDVAC
- IAS machine
- ORACLE
White Plains, New York

**White Plains** is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. As of 2020, 59,559 people live in White Plains.

White Plains is around 30 to 45 minutes north of Manhattan, depending on what type of train taken. This ideal location adds to the increasing appeal of White Plains.
Elmira, New York

**Elmira** is a city in Chemung County, New York, United States. As of 2020, 29,523 people live in Elmira.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Elmira
- **settlement type**: Administrative divisions of New York#City, City
- **image skyline**: City_Hall_Elmira_NY.jpg
- **image map**: Elmiranymap.jpg
- **map caption**: Location in Chemung County, New York, Chemung County in the state of New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision name2**: Chemung County, Chemung
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Daniel J. Mandell, Jr. (United States Republican party, R)
- **leader title1**: City Manager
- **leader name1**: P. Michael Collins
- **leader title2**: City Council
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **area total sq mi**: 7.58
- **area total km2**: 19.63
- **area land sq mi**: 7.25
- **area land km2**: 18.78
- **area water sq mi**: 0.33
- **area water km2**: 0.85
- **elevation ft**: 860
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 26523
- **population metro**: 84,148 (Chemung County)
- **population density sq mi**: 3657
- **population density km2**: 1412
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 14901, 14904, 14905
- **area code**: Area code 607, 607
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-015-24229
- **website**: [http://www.cityofelmira.net/ www.CityOfElmira.net]
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **pop est as of**: 2024
- **population est**: 26,255
Troy, New York

**Troy** is a city in Rensselaer County, New York, United States. As of 2020, 51,401 people live in Troy.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Troy, New York
- **settlement type**: City (New York), City
- **image skyline**: Troy NY Fall.jpg
- **image caption**: View of Troy from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute campus
- **image seal**: Seal_of_Troy,_New_York.svg
- **seal size**: 120px
- **etymology**: Classical Troy
- **nickname**: The Collar City
- **motto**: _Ilium fuit, Troja est_ (Latin for "Ilium was, Troy is" also translates as "Troy was, Troy is")
- **image map**: Troy, New York Map.png
- **map caption**: Map of Troy and its major thoroughfares
- **image map1**: New York in United States (US48).svg
- **map caption1**: Location of New York in the United States
- **pushpin map**: New York#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name2**: Capital District, New York, Capital District
- **subdivision type3**: County (New York), County
- **subdivision name3**: Rensselaer County, New York, Rensselaer
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1787
- **named for**: Troy, Ancient Troy
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 28.64
- **area total sq mi**: 11.06
- **area land km2**: 26.83
- **area land sq mi**: 10.36
- **area water km2**: 1.81
- **area water sq mi**: 0.70
- **elevation max ft**: 500
- **elevation min ft**: 0
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 51401
- **population density km2**: 1916.11
- **population density sq mi**: 4962.92
- **population metro**: 899,262
- **population demonym**: Trojan
- **timezone1**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset1**: −5
- **timezone1 dst**: Eastern Time Zone, EDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 12179–12182
- **area code**: Area code 518, 518
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **website**: [https://www.troyny.gov/ www.troyny.gov]
Rensselaer, New York

**Rensselaer** is a city in Rensselaer County, New York, United States. As of 2020, 9,210 people live in Rensselaer.
Billy Harrell

**William** "**Bill**" **Harrell** (July 18, 1928 – May 6, 2014) was an American sportsman. He played basketball  for the Siena Saints. He was best known for his time in the Major League Baseball and played in the league between 1955 and 1961. During his time in the MLB, he played for the Cleveland Indians in 1955 and from 1957 until 1958 and Boston Red Sox in 1961. He was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania.

Harrell died on May 6, 2014 at his home in Albany, New York. He was 85.
Lichtenstein Castle

**Lichtenstein Castle** is a castle near Honau in Swabian Alb, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The castle is on a cliff. There has been a castle on this land since around 1200. It was destroyed two times. The first time was in the Reichskrieg's War of 1311. The second time was by the city-state of Reutlingen in 1381. The castle was not rebuilt and became a ruin.

In 1802, King Frederick I of Württemberg built a hunting lodge there. In 1837, the land passed to his nephew Duke Wilhelm of Urach, Count of Württemberg. He added the current castle in 1840–42.

Today, the castle is still owned by the Dukes of Urach. It is open to visitors. The castle has a large collection of historic weapons and armour.
Qianzhousaurus

***Qianzhousaurus***  is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs. So far only one species has been named: the type species _Qianzhousaurus sinensis_. Nicknamed 'Pinocchio rex' for its long snout in comparison to other known tyrannosaurs, it was discovered in southern China and first puJThe thinner teeth and lighter skeleton of Qianzhousaurus suggest it hunted smaller creatures, such as lizards and feathered dinosaurs.blished in the journal _Nature Communications_ in May 2014.

Apart from its signature snout, it also had long, narrow teeth, while _T. rex_ had thick teeth and powerful, deep-set jaws. This suggest its feeding method and probably its life-style were quite different from _Tyrannosaurus_. The thinner teeth and lighter skeleton of _Qianzhousaurus_ suggest it hunted smaller creatures, such as lizards and feathered dinosaurs.

The bones were discovered by workmen at a construction site near the city of Ganzhou, who then took them to a local museum.

The discovery of _Qianzhousaurus_, and _Alioramus_ from Mongolia, shows that the long-snouted tyrannosaurids were widespread in Asia. Although we are only starting to learn about them, they were apparently one of the main groups of predatory dinosaurs in Asia. Their existence was previously suspected because of various scattered fossil finds. An expert says the find "tells us pretty unequivocally that these long-snouted tyrannosaurs were a real thing. They were a different breed, living right to the end of the age of dinosaurs".
Sarah Lawrence College

**Sarah Lawrence College** is a private liberal arts college in Yonkers, New York. It is famous for its rigorous academic standards and its emphasize on individual study.  Notable alumni include Rahm Emanuel, Vera Wang and J. J. Abrams. The school enrolls 1473 undergraduates and nearly 330 graduate students. It competes in Skyline Conference with 15 varsity sports.
Lactation

**Lactation** describes the secretion of milk from the breasts when a mother feeds her young. It occurs with almost all female mammals after the birth of their young. In humans the process is also called _breastfeeding_ or _nursing_.

In most species, milk comes out of the mother's nipples. The platypus (which is a monotreme mammal) releases milk through ducts in its abdomen. In only one species of mammal, the Dayak fruit bat, is milk production a normal male function.

Milk contains fat, lactose, and protein, as well as vitamins and mineral<nowiki/>s.

Apart from food nutrients, mothers' milk contains a range of antibodies which protect the baby until it develops its own immune system. When born, a baby has antibodies from across the mother's placenta. Its own immunoglobulin production takes about six months to develop after birth, so meantime the mother's milk supplies them.

Milk production requires the hormones prolactin and oxytocin.

The evolution of milk production made use of a feature which was present before modern mammals. The cells which produce milk were developed from the apocrine glands in the skin:
- "The synapsid branch of the amniote tree that separated from other taxa in the Pennsylvanian (>310 million years ago) evolved a glandular rather than scaled integument".
Meaning: since the skin of synapsids had glands in it, the development of milk production was possible.
Stupid Girl (Garbage song)

**"Stupid Girl"** is a 1996 rock ballad. The song is performed by Garbage. It was released in February 1996. It was actually recorded in 1994, two years prior to release.

The song has a drum sample of The Clash's single "Train in Vain".

The song was nominated for two Grammy Awards: Best Rock Song and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group.
Modulation (mathematics)

In mathematics, **modulation** works out the remainder (what's left over) when we divide two integers (whole numbers without a fraction or a decimal) together. For example, 5 **modulated by** 2 is 1, because if we divide 5 by 2, then we get 2 (because ) with 1 left over. The symbol for modulation is . People sometimes also write , though this notation is rarely used.

Because computers and calculators store numbers in different ways, they sometimes use different steps to work out the **modulus** (what we get when we **modulate** two numbers).

## Related pages

- Primitive root modulo n
- Modular arithmetic
All-female band

The **all female band** is a musical group made exclusively of female musicians. Such groups include the Go-Go's, Bangles, The Andrews Sisters, The Runaways and 4 Non Blondes. Farida Vakil founded one of the first female bands in India, The Ladybirds.

All-female bands are not restricted by mainstream genres.

## Related pages

- Girl group
Tina Weymouth

**Martina Weymouth** (also **Tina Weymouth**; born November 22, 1950) is an American new wave musician. She is related to the Talking Heads and the Tom Tom Club. She is also the bassist for them.

Weymouth was born in Coronado, California.
River Severn

The **River Severn** (, ) is the longest river in Great Britain. It is about  long. It starts in the Cambrian Mountains of centre Wales. It then flows through Shropshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire. The county towns of Shrewsbury, Worcester, and Gloucester are on its banks. The Severn is the greatest river in terms of water flow in England and Wales.

The river is usually considered to become the Severn Estuary after the Second Severn Crossing. The river then discharges into the Bristol Channel, which discharges into the Atlantic Ocean. The Severn's drainage basin area is , excluding the River Wye and the Bristol Avon which flow into the Severn Estuary.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: River Severn
- **image**: SevernFromCastleCB.JPG
- **image size**: 288
- **image caption**: The river seen from Shrewsbury Castle
- **map**: RiverSevernMap.jpg
- **map size**: 288
- **map caption**: Tributaries (light blue) and major settlements on and near the Severn (bold blue)
- **pushpin map size**: 288
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: England and Wales
- **subdivision type3**: Region
- **subdivision name3**: Mid Wales, West Midlands (region), West Midlands, South West England, South West
- **subdivision type4**: Counties
- **subdivision name4**: Powys, Shropshire, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire
- **subdivision type5**: Cities
- **subdivision name5**: Shrewsbury, Worcester, England, Worcester, Gloucester, Bristol
- **discharge1 location**: Bewdley, Worcestershire, Worcs.
- **discharge1 max**: max recorded on 1947-03-21
- **discharge2 location**: Apperley, Apperley, Glos.
- **discharge3 location**: Montford, Shropshire, Montford, Shrops.
- **source1 location**: Plynlimon, Powys, Wales
- **mouth**: Severn Estuary
- **mouth location**: Bristol Channel, United Kingdom
- **tributaries left**: River Vyrnwy, Vyrnwy, River Tern, Tern, River Stour, Worcestershire, Stour, River Avon, Warwickshire, Warwickshire Avon, River Avon (Bristol), Bristol Avon
- **tributaries right**: River Teme, Teme, River Leadon, Leadon, River Wye, Wye
Division of Hinkler

The **Division of Hinkler** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up in 1984 and is named after Bert Hinkler, the great pioneer Australian aviator.

The division includes the towns of Bundaberg, Hervey Bay, Childers, Gayndah and Monto.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Bryan Conquest|National|1984–1987||
|||Brian Courtice|Labor|1987–1993||
|||rowspan="2"|Paul Neville|National|1993–2010|
|||Liberal National|2010–2013|||
|||Keith Pitt|Liberal National|2013–2025||

## Other websites

- Division of Hinkler (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission
- Keith Pitt's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Hinkler
- **caption**: Interactive map of boundaries (excluding outer islands)
- **created**: 1984
- **namesake**: Bert Hinkler
- **electors**: 94,449 (2013)
- **area**: 3504
- **class**: Provincial
Harlan Mathews

**Harlan Matthews** (January 17, 1927 – May 9, 2014) was an American politician. Mathews was a member of the Democratic Party.

## Early life

Mathews was born in Walker County, Alabama. He studied at the Nashville School of Law. Mathews married Pat Mathews in 1948.

## Career

Mathews first served as Tennessee State Treasurer from 1975 to 1987.

Mathews served as the United States senator for Tennessee. He succeeded Al Gore. He served as senator from 1993 to 1994. He was succeeded by Fred Thompson.

## Personal life

After leaving office, Mathews studied law in Nashville, Tennessee. Mathews and his wife had two children.

### Death

Mathews died of brain cancer at a hospice in Nashville.

## Infobox (senator)

- **name**: Harlan Mathews
- **nationality**: American
- **image name**: Senator Harlan Mathews (D-TN).jpg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Tennessee
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **term start**: January 3, 1993
- **term end**: December 1, 1994
- **appointed**: Ned McWherter
- **preceded**: Al Gore
- **succeeded**: Fred Thompson
- **birth place**: Walker County, Alabama
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee
Walker County, Alabama

**Walker County** is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.
Its name is in honor of John Williams Walker, a member of the United States Senate.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,342. Its county seat is Jasper.
Canton of Luxembourg

**Luxembourg** () is a canton in Luxembourg.  Its capital is Luxembourg.

It is the only canton, other than Mersch, to be entirely surrounded by other cantons, and therefore not to have an international boundary.

## Geography

With an area of , and a population (2017) of 179,369, the Luxembourg canton has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

It is bordered on the north by the Mersch and Grevenmacher cantons, on the southeast by the Remich canton, on the southwest by the Esch-sur-Alzette canton, and on the west by the Capellen canton.

## Communes

The Luxembourg canton has 11 communes (2017 population)ː
1. Bertrange (7,999)
1. Contern (3,736)
1. Hesperange (15,049)
1. Luxembourg (114,303)
1. Niederanven (6,090)
1. Sandweiler (3,592)
1. Schuttrange (4,028)
1. Steinsel (5,311)
1. Strassen (8,828)
1. Walferdange (8,046)
1. Weiler-la-Tour (2,387)

## Related pages

- Cantons of Luxembourg
- Former Districts of Luxembourg
- List of cities in Luxembourg

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Canton of Luxembourg
- **settlement type**: Cantons of Luxembourg, Canton
- **image map**: Canton Luxembourg in Luxembourg.svg
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Luxembourg
- **subdivision type1**: Legislative constituency
- **subdivision name1**: Circonscription Centre (Luxembourg), Centre
- **subdivision type2**: Local administrative unit, LAU 1
- **subdivision name2**: LU00003
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
- **area total km2**: 238.5
- **area rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by area, 5th of 12
- **elevation max m**: 429
- **elevation max footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by highest point, 8th of 12)
- **elevation min m**: 228
- **elevation min footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by lowest point, 8th of 12)
- **population rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population, 1st of 12
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population density, 1st of 12
- **parts type**: Communes
<small>(List of cities in Luxembourg, cities in bold)</small>
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Bertrange
Contern
Hesperange
**Luxembourg City, Luxembourg**
Niederanven
Sandweiler
Schuttrange
Steinsel
Strassen, Luxembourg, Strassen
Walferdange
Weiler-la-Tour
- **image shield**: Coat of arms Luxembourg City.png
Ned McWherter

**Ned Ray McWherter** (October 15, 1930April 4, 2011) was an American politician. He worked as the 46th Governor of Tennessee from 1987 to 1995. He worked as Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1973 to 1987.

McWherter died of cancer in Nashville, Tennessee. He was 80 years old.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ned Ray McWherter
- **image**: Ned McWherter Tennessee Governor 1987-1995.jpg
- **order**: 46th
- **office**: Governor of Tennessee
- **term start**: January 17, 1987
- **term end**: January 21, 1995
- **lieutenant**: John S. Wilder
- **predecessor**: Lamar Alexander
- **successor**: Don Sundquist, Donald K. Sundquist
- **office2**: List of Speakers of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 77th Speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives
- **term start2**: January 20, 1973
- **term end2**: January 17, 1987
- **predecessor2**: James McKinney
- **successor2**: Ed Murray (Tennessee politician), Ed Murray
- **birth place**: Palmersville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **resting place**: Sunset Cemetery, Dresden, Tennessee
- **spouse**: Bette Jean Beck (1953–1973, her death)
- **occupation**: Businessman, farmer
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **residence**: Cary Lawn
- **allegiance**:

- **branch**: Tennessee National Guard
- **serviceyears**: 1947–1968
- **rank**: Captain (armed forces), Captain
Marc Brown (author)

**Marc Tolon Brown** (born November 25, 1946) is an American author and illustrator of children's books. Brown writes and illustrates the _Arthur_ book series, and is best known for creating the series. He was born in Erie, Pennsylvania.

Dr. Seuss, the author of the children's book _The Cat in the Hat_, also influenced Brown in deciding on a career choice.
Alzette

The **Alzette** (, ) is a river in France and Luxembourg. It is a right tributary of the Sauer river, and so it is part of the drainage basin of the Rhine river.

The Alzette river is sung in _Ons Heemecht_, the national anthem of Luxembourg (, , ).

## Geography

The Alzette river has a length of  but only  of them are in France. Its drainage basin has an area of , most of it in Luxembourg.

### Course

The Alzette has its source in France in the territory of the _commune_ of Thil in the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle (Lorraine), at an altitude of about . It passes through the French _communes_ of Villerupt () and Audun-le-Tiche (, .

After a few kilometers, the Alzette enters Luxembourg, flowing through the city of Esch-sur-Alzette (,  or _Esch-an-der-Alzig_, ). At Lameschmillen (near Bergem) it is joined by the Mess river.

It flows on a wide floodplain before getting into a narrow valley near Hesperange. Then it flows through the Luxembourgish cities of Luxembourg (where it is joined by the Pétrusse river) and Mersch (where is joined by the Mamer and Eisch rivers). It joins, as a right tributary, the Sauer river near Ettelbruck, at about  of altitude.

## Main tributaries

The main tributaries of the Alzette rivers are left tributaries; those that join the river by the right side are very small streams.
- Left tributary
    - Mess -
    - Pétrusse -
    - Mamer -
    - Eisch -
    - Attert -
    - Wark -

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France
- List of rivers of Luxembourg

## Other websites

- The National Geoportal of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Alzette
- **image**: Luxembourg BW 2016-09-15 12-44-12.jpg
- **image caption**: The Alzette winding through Grund, Luxembourg
- **map**: Alzette.png
- **map caption**: Course of the Alzette
- **source1 location**: Thil, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Thil
- **mouth**: Sauer
- **mouth location**: Ettelbruck
- **subdivision type1**: Countries
- **tributaries left**: Mess (river), Mess, Pétrusse, Eisch, Attert (river), Attert, Wark (river), Wark
Ezra Pound

**Ezra Weston Loomis Pound** (30 October 1885 – 1 November 1972) was an American poet and critic. He was a major figure of the early modernist movement and free verse. His best-known works include _Ripostes_ (1912), _Hugh Selwyn Mauberley_ (1920) and the unfinished _The Cantos_ (1917–69). He was also one of the important members of the Early Modernist Movement and was known for his support for fascism.

Pound was born in Hailey, Idaho Territory. In the early 20th century he worked in London as foreign editor of several American magazines. He died at a hospital in Venice, Italy from a sudden intestinal blockage, aged 87.

## Related pages

- List of poets from the United States

## Other websites

- Ezra Pound at PennSound
House of the Rising Sun

***House of the Rising Sun*** is an action-thriller movie of 2011. This movie is about an ex-cop trying to turn his life around after five years in prison. Amy Smart plays Jenny. Danny Trejo plays Carlos.

The movie was shot in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Abdullah Kobayashi

is a Japanese professional wrestler. He competes under the ring name **Abdullah Kobayashi** which is a tribute to his trainer Abdullah the Butcher. He is best known for his time in Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW). He has also competed for Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) where he appeared in the Tournament of Death IX. He made it to the second round but was defeated by JC Bailey. Kobayashi is best known for competing in brutal deathmatches.

In mid-2013, Kobayashi took a long break from in-ring action to undergo treatment after he was diagnosed with hepatitis C.

## Championships

- **Big Japan Pro Wrestling**
    - BJW Deathmatch Heavyweight Championship (two times)
    - BJW World Tag Team Championship (four times) (with Kamikaze (one), Daikokubo Benkei (one), Jaki Numazawa (one) and Daisuke Sekimoto (one))
    - WEW Hardcore Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Daikokubo Benkei)
- **Japan Indy Grand Prix**
    - MVP Award (2012)
- **Tokyo Sports**
    - Fighting Spirit Award (2012)

## Other websites

- BJW profile

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Abdullah Kobayashi
- **image**: Big Japan Wrestlings Abdullah Kobayashi.jpg
- **caption**: Kobayashi at a CZW event in 2010
- **names**: **Abdullah Kobayashi**
Abdullah Jr. Kobayashi
Abu Mokkori
Yōsuke Kobayashi
- **birth place**: Chikuma, Nagano, Koshoku, Nagano
- **trainer**: Abdullah the Butcher
Kendo Nagasaki
Mr. Pogo
- **debut**: May 29, 1995
Rachael Leigh Cook

**Rachael Leigh Cook** (born October 4, 1979) is an American actress, model and voice artist. She played Becky Thatcher in _Tom and Huck_ (1995). She played Laney Boggs in She's All That (1999). She played Laura King in the movie _Vampire_ (2011).

She was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Blonde Ambition

***Blonde Ambition*** is a romantic comedy movie. This is about a small town girl who moves to New York City and becomes a businesswoman. Jessica Simpson plays Katie. Rachael Leigh Cook plays Haley, and Penelope Ann Miller plays Debra.

This movie was released in December of 2007. It did not do well at the box office.
Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice

***Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice*** is a romantic comedy-drama movie. It is about affairs and swinging  Las Vegas and California. Robert Culp plays Bob. Natalie Wood plays Carol. Elliott Gould plays Ted. Dyan Cannon plays Alice.

The movie was rated R for sexual material. This was released in September 1969.
All in a Night's Work

***All in a Night's Work*** is a 1961 American romantic comedy movie. It is about romance and several people in a newspaper department. Dean Martin plays Tony, and Shirley MacLaine plays Katie.

It was released in 1961.
Screwball comedy

**Screwball comedies** are an American genre of comedy movies. This genre became popular during the Great Depression. It first became popular with _It Happened One Night_ in 1934.

The elements of the screwball comedy can be traced back to plays such as _A Midsummer Night's Dream_ and _Much Ado about Nothing_.

Screwball comedy has farce or slapstick material.
Joe Wilder

**Joseph Benjamin** "**Joe**" **Wilder** (February 22, 1922 – May 9, 2014) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. He performed music with people such as Dizzy Gillespie,  Billie Holiday, Johnny Mathis, Harry Belafonte and Tony Bennett. He was honored with the NEA Jazz Masters Award by the National Endowment for the Arts in 2008.

Wilder was an African American who was born in Colwyn, Pennsylvania and raised in Philadelphia.

Wilder died from congestive heart failure on May 9, 2014 in New York City. He was 92.
Suddenly I See

"**Suddenly I See**" is a pop-rock ballad. KT Tunstall sings the song. The song is a strong tribute to female power.

The song was released in August of 2005, in the United Kingdom. It was then released in the America a year later.

The single performed really high in Australia at the #6 spot.
Be Careful With My Heart

***Be Careful With My Heart*** is a Philippine drama television series. It is broadcast by ABS-CBN.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (television)

- **creator**: Mel Mendoza-del Rosario
- **writer**: Denise O'Hara
 Nika Layson
 Jimuel dela Cruz
 Dexter Hemedez
 Alpha Kristine Fortun
- **director**: Jeffrey R. Jeturian
 Mervyn B. Brondial
- **starring**: Jodi Sta. Maria
 Richard Yap
 Mutya Orquia
 Janella Salvador
 Jerome Ponce
- **open theme**: _Please Be Careful With My Heart_
 by Jodi Sta. Maria and Richard Yap
- **composer**: Jose Mari Chan
- **country**: Philippines
- **num seasons**: 3
- **num episodes**: 618
- **executive producer**: Grace Ann Bodegon-Casimsiman
 Narciso Y. Gulmatico, Jr.
- **producer**: Keila Marie Celso
 Ruchel Covacha
- **editor**: Joy Buenaventura
 Ray-Ann Endaya
 Shyra Marie Joaquin
 Billy Joe Karganilla
 Joseph Nathaniel Lopez
 Maydelle Marcial
 Ding Mora
 Geomar Triño
- **location**: Philippines
 Japan
- **cinematography**: Neil Daza
- **runtime**: 45 minutes
- **channel**: ABS-CBN
Conchita Wurst

**Thomas "Tom" Neuwirth** (born 6 November 1988) is an Austrian singer and drag queen with the stage name **Conchita Wurst**. He won the Eurovision Song Contest 2014, representing Austria with the song "Rise Like A Phoenix".

## Career

Tom Neuwirth began his singing career in 2006 when he took part in _Starmania_, an Austrian singing show. A year later, he was a member of Jetz Anders!, an Austrian band. The group separated the same year.

In 2011, he first appeared as Conchita Wurst while being a contestant on the Austrian music competition _The Big Chance._ In 2014, it was announced that Conchita Wurst would represent Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 with the song "Rise Like a Pheonix". She won the contest.

Since her win, Wurst has appeared on several television shows and Eurovision events. She also made a cameo appearance in the film _Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga_.

## Public image

Conchita Wurst's victory was celebrated by many Eurovision fans who were members of the LGBT community. Countries such as Russia did not like Wurst's victory. Wurst has attended many Pride events.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Thomas Neuwirth
- **image**: ESC2014 - Austria 02 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Conchita Wurst at the Eurovision Song Contest 2014
- **background**: solo_singer
- **alias**: Conchita Wurst
- **birth place**: Gmunden, Upper Austria, Austria
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 2006–present