Algerian Civil War

The **civil war in Algeria** (1992–2002) was an internal armed conflict in Algeria which began in 1992 and ended in 2002. In this war, the country's government, founded after a coup d'état, faced Islamic militias/rebels.

## Why it happened

In the late 1990s, President of Algeria Chadli Bendjedid began a process of reforming the nation, which was already binded by the one-party system, led by the National Liberation Front, to a multi-party system.

The first round of the 1991 Algerian parliamentary election had shown the strong rising movement of Muslim groups, especially the Islamic Salvation Front.

On 11 January 1992, the election results were cancelled, some military generals (_janviéristes_) began a coup d'état, forcing Bendjedid to resign. The country's leadership was given to a military dictatorship led by Mohamed Boudiaf and another government body led by Prime Minister Sid Ahmed Ghozali. By declaring national emergency, the government suspended constitutional rights: every protest was surpressed in blood; many international organisation like Amnesty International, had reported human rights violations systematically and regular tortures.

After the Islamic Salvation Front's dissolution, according to an official order on 4 March, many Islamic groups created the terrorist Armed Islamic Group (_al-Jamāʿa al-Islāmiyya al-Musallaḥa_). The group's military action led to the hijacking event of Air France Flight 8969 at Houari Boumediene Airport in 1994 and the systemic murder of thousands of civilians.

President Boudiaf, who was assassinated on 29 June 1992, was succeeded by Ali Kafi.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **tipo**: Guerra
- **nome del conflitto**: Guerra civile in Algeria
- **image**:
- **data**: 11 gennaio 1992 - 8 febbraio 2002
- **luogo**: Algeria
- **casus**: Annullamento delle elezioni parlamentari in Algeria del 1991, elezioni legislative del 1991
- **esito**:
*Vittoria del Governo algerino
*Insurrezione del Gruppo salafita per la predicazione e il combattimento
- **combatant1**: Algeria
*National Liberation Front (Algeria), FLN
*Algerian Land Forces, ANP
*Department of Intelligence and Security, DRS
**Supported by**:
  Egypt
  Tunisia
  France
  European Union
  United States
  South Africa
- **combatant2**:  Islamic Salvation Front
**Supported by**:
  Libya (until 1995)
  Iran (alleged)
  Morocco (alleged)
- **combatant3**:  Armed Islamic Group of Algeria, Armed Islamic Group
*Takfir wa-Hijra
**Supported by**:
  Al-Qaeda
- **commander1**: Ali Kafi
 Liamine Zéroual
 Abdelaziz Bouteflika
  Mohamed Lamari
  Mohamed Mediène
- **commander2**:  Ali Belhadj
  Abdelkader Hachani
- **commander3**:  Antar Zouabri Killed in action, †
- **strengthofcombat1**: **Esercito**:
*  (1994)
*  (2001)
- **casualties4**: <span align="center"> Most civilian casualties were estimated from  to </span>
- **conflict**: Algerian Civil War
- **place**: Algeria
- **date**: 11 January 1992 – 8 February 2002
- **result**: * Algerian government victory
* Creation of al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
- **image**: File:Arrêt du processus électoral de 1991 en Algérie.jpg
- **strength1**: **Military**:
*  (1994)
*  (2001)
- **strength2**: **Militias**:
*  (1992)
*  (1994)
*  (1996)
* 1000 (2005)
- **strength3**: Unknown