Burmese boxing

**Lethwei** (; <small>IPA</small>: ) or **Burmese boxing** is a full contact combat sport from Myanmar. Lethwei is considered to be one of the most brutal martial arts in the world, because headbutts are permitted and the fights are done bareknuckle (without gloves).

## Definition

This famous method of fighting with the bareknuckle hands and with the uncovered feet came in the 3rd century when the monks had wanted to be trained and to defended themselves. It is a boxing "called martial" that borrows from the Burmese warriors all their array of particular plans for gaining success in the combat. It had come popular beginning of the 11th century under the king Anawratha, with combats among tribes with no rules and with a violence without common measure. The way of facing is special very much, much often taking a certain animal behaviour and is alike only of much distant to other Eastern methods.

## Rules

In the way received from ancestors, the combat is judged by two referees and is done in a circle where every form of the blow and of the throw is permitted. The present time brought the rules as if the Eastern boxing, especially the gloves, the things that keep safe, the rounds and the ring. The technical part of the person who fights is much wide and the behaviours are produced by other methods of the combat de Burma. Many unusually interesting actions are happened, especially the flying techniques (jumping kick, knee strike and with elbow in flying), and techniques in walking of stairs (kicks and knee strike). In the past, a traditional Burmese Boxing was quite different from Thaing, for its brutal and rough side. Today, is not so, because is having good organization under the modern conditions, can be agradable see.

## Technical Description : "The Entire Body is a Weapon"

Nine traditional techniques are the parts of the method of the Burmese boxing. The technical description of the lethwei include three main parts, the weapons which are used, the goals which are aims and the distances of the combat. We meet:
1. the usage of all the ready amount of the body, of the blow and of the throw (nine main weapons: skull, two fists, two elbows, two knees and two feet),
1. the search for the blow of the set of the body of the opponent,
1. the managing of three distances of combat: long distance (especially of the kick), middle distance (knee strikes, fist and elbow), body to body (holds and throws).

From a point of view of particular plan for gaining succes in the combat, and in order to learn and remember, a part of laws is established. For example, we meet the following laws:
1. striking the arms of the opponent before attacking the centre of the body (for example, giving in the blow with head to the biceps at the same time with a circular punch of the opponent or of the blow to the thigh of the opponent with roundhouse kick (fr. _fouetté_) during an attack with roundhouse kick in middle line),
1. the throws have to be performed in the near space in order to carry an immediate blow in reaching the ground,
1. using the strategies of the animals of the **thaing** (for example, the blow in the lower parts of the opponent of type wild boar, or kick of the type leopard to the arms of the opponent in order to open a way to goals, to the face).

## The Cultural Part of Lethwei

According to a customary way, the combat is performed in a circle. In the Burmese villages, still in 21st century, this fight has kept in existence its character received from ancestors. Only the appearance of an Eastern ring and of the divisions seems to be mark of the present times.

The match is judged by two referees, in order to can better separate the men who take part in it, and six referees give a points to these men. All the techniques are permitted, a man can be hit in the ground. The boxers fight during the rounds much long. The rounds are changed by complete half-times during the other matches are performed.

The set of needed things is poor, the competitor uses certain pants of boxing, wrapped hands, coconut as a something that keeps the genitals safe, leather strap among the teeth. Till the present times, many Burmese boxers have the tattooed trunk and the leg. In a certain, you can see his victories, in other - the representations of animals (eagle, serpent, leopard, tiger, etc..) suggesting force and being brave.

## Lethwei yay

Warrior dance performed in the beginning of the combat, in order to show ability and being brave. In the end of the dance, the crossed arms are hit each one of its shoulders with the opposite hand in order to announce that the boxer is hostile. A dance of victory is performed also after the decision of the referees.

## Lekkha moun

Act of providing to see de the weapons used during the combat de lethwei, by the boxer himself. He hits the opposite arm with his open hand. The act of providing to see is performed from the top towards down, at the beginning with the fists and the elbows, then with the knee and in the end with the feet.

## References

- _Bando, philosophy, principles and practice_, M.Gyi, IST edition, 2000
- _Burmese bando boxing_, M.Gyi, Ed. C.Maxwell, Baltimore, 1978
- _Comprehensive Asian Fighting arts_, D.F.Draeger and C.W.Smith, Y. Kodansha, Tokyo, 1969
- _Traditional Burmese boxing_, Z.Rebac, Ed. Paladin Press, Boulder, 2003

## Other websites

- French Federation of the Bando Burmese Boxing
- American Bando Association

## Infobox (martial art)

- **image**: Tway Ma Shaung fighting Saw Shark in Myanmar.png
- **name**: Lethwei
လက်ဝှေ့
- **aka**: Burmese boxing
Burmese bareknuckle boxing
Myanmar traditional boxing
The Art of 9 Limbs
- **focus**: Strike (attack), Striking
- **country**: Myanmar
- **union**: Myanmar Traditional Boxing Federation
- **promotion**: World Lethwei Championship, ILFJ