juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Heteroptera

The **Heteroptera** is a group of about 40,000 species of insects in the Hemiptera. They are **typical bugs**.

"Heteroptera" is Greek for "different wings": most species have front wings with both membranous and hardened portions (called hemelytra.

The name "Heteroptera" is used in two different ways in modern classifications. In Linnean nomenclature it is a suborder of the order Hemiptera.  In cladistics it is an unranked clade in the Hemiptera clade.

## Selected families of Heteroptera

- Assassin bugs
- Broad-headed bugs
- Bedbugs and flower bugs
- Plant bugs
- Leaf-footed bugs, squash bugs and sweetpotato bugs
- Seed bugs
- Stink bugs or shield bugs and related families)

## Heteropteran anatomy

A: head; B: thorax; C: abdomen.
1: claws; 2: tarsus; 3: tibia; 4: femur; 8: compound eye; 9: antenna; 10: clypeus; 23: laterotergites; 25: pronotum; 26: scutellum; 27: clavus; 28: corium; 29: embolium; 30: membrane.

## Waterbugs

"Waterbug" is a common name for various aquatic insects.

### Selected families of water bugs

- Backswimmers (Notonectidae)
- Giant water bugs (Belostomatidae)
- Water scorpions (Nepidae)
- Water boatmen (Corixidae)
- Pond skaters (Gerridae)
- Smaller water strider (Veliidae)
Snuff

**Snuff** is a kind of tobacco which is sniffed instead of smoked.  People take a bit of snuff between their fingers and put it in their nostrils to smell it.  Not many people use snuff now, but a century or more ago it was very common.  In the novels of 19th century authors like Charles Dickens we often read about people taking snuff.  They kept it in a "snuffbox".

## Related pages

- Tobacco
The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind

***The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind***, or just ***Morrowind***, is a video game released in 2002. In it, players take on the role of a character which they create, and use it to wander around in a big and diverse world. There is a storyline, but players do not have to follow it, instead doing the side-quests that are included with the game. Morrowind was released on the PC and the Xbox.You can also get game of the year edition and get Morrowind, Bloodmoon, and Tribunal expansion packs. You can go to the official website for help and guides.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind
- **image**: The Elder Scrolls III - Morrowind - Text Logo.png
- **developer**: Bethesda Game Studios
- **publisher**: Bethesda Softworks
Ubisoft <small>(Europe)</small>
- **designer**: Todd Howard (video game designer), Todd Howard
Ken Rolston
- **composer**: Jeremy Soule
Julian Soule
- **series**: _The Elder Scrolls_
- **engine**: GameBryo
- **released**: 2002
- **platforms**: **Microsoft Windows**
**Xbox**
**Game of the Year Edition**

- **genre**: Action role-playing game, Action role-playing
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player
Video game developer

A **video game developer** is a person or company who makes games on computers and other game systems. Some developers make games for only one or two types of game systems, others might even make one kind of game. Some games are only for one system. Developers might try and make a copy of such a game to another, different system. Some translate games from one language to another.

Video game developers work in development companies. There are over 1,000 development companies today. A big part of that thousand is very small companies, that usually only have one or two workers - these kind of small companies make games for the Internet or mobile phones. Some development companies are big, too. They have buildings in many places and hundreds of workers.

## Types of developers

There are three types of video game developers.

### Third-party developer

Third-party developers are video game developers that make deals with big publishers to make one game at a time. The developers are not part of the company: when the game is complete, the developers do not have to make another game for the publisher if they do not want to. Publishers will tell them exactly what they want third-party developers to do, and the developers do not have very much power to do something else.

### In-house developers

In-house developers work directly with the publisher. They have more freedom in the making of the game than third-party developers have. Sometimes publishers buy third-party developers, and so they become in-house developers: workers for the publisher. This is an easy way for the publisher because the developers are workers for the publisher and so the publisher has more control.

### Independent developers

Independent developers are usually small groups of people that are not owned by any publisher or another company. Because of that, most independent developers publish their games themselves. If they do that, the games usually will not get much attention or money. Still, independent developers can make exactly the game they want, when there is no publisher to tell them what to do. These are also sometimes called indie developers.
Video game publisher

A **video game publisher** is a company that publishes video games. The publisher pays for the development of the game. Because of that, they can tell the developers exactly what kind of game they want. The publisher is responsible for the making and marketing of the game. Big publishers also distribute the games that they publish. Smaller ones pay for other companies to distribute the game for them. Publishers also usually design and make the copies of the games and write the manual.
County Cork

**County Cork** is the largest county in Ireland in terms of size. Almost half a million people live there. The leader of the Irish War of Independence, Michael Collins, was born in the town of Clonakilty in County Cork. He was killed in Béal na mBláth in west Cork.  West Cork is known for its beautiful scenery.

The main towns in County Cork are Cork City, Youghal, Mallow, Bandon, Clonakilty, Kinsale, Blarney and Cobh. It is nicknamed "The Rebel County".

Parts of the Gaeltacht are in the county.

## Other websites

- Cork County Council
- Guide to County Cork for Tourism & Business

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: County Cork
- **image skyline**: Blarney Castle.JPG
- **image caption**: Blarney Castle
- **image shield**: Cork county arms.png
- **area total km2**: 7499
- **area rank**: List of Irish counties by area, 1st
- **seat type**: County town, County seat
- **seat**: Cork (city), Cork
- **blank name sec1**: Vehicle registration plates of Ireland, Code
- **population**: 518,128
- **population rank**: List of Irish counties by population, 4th
- **population as of**: 2011
- **government type**: Cork County Council, County Council
- **subdivision type3**: Dáil Éireann
- **subdivision name3**: Cork East (Dáil Éireann constituency), Cork East
Cork North–Central (Dáil Éireann constituency), Cork North–Central
Cork North–West (Dáil Éireann constituency), Cork North–West
Cork South–Central (Dáil Éireann constituency), Cork South–Central
Cork South–West (Dáil Éireann constituency), Cork South–West
- **subdivision type4**: EU Parliament
- **subdivision name4**: South (European Parliament constituency), South
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Republic of Ireland, Ireland
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Ireland, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Munster
Cork

**Cork** could mean:

## Places

- Cork (city), a city in the Republic of Ireland
- County Cork, the largest and southernmost county in Ireland
- Cork Harbour, a natural harbour and estuary
- Cork International Airport, just outside the Irish city
- Metropolitan Cork

## Objects and materials

- Cork (material), a material used for bottle stoppers and noteboards
- _Cork_ is often used to refer to a stopper (plug)

## In botany

- Cork oak _(Quercus suber)_, a species of tree
- Chinese Cork Oak _(Quercus variabilis)_, a species of tree
- Cork-tree, _Phellodendron_, a genus of plants native to east and northeast Asia
- Cork cambium, a tissue found in woody plants

## In sports

- Cork City F.C., a football club
- Cork GAA Gaelic athletic association

## People

- Bruce Cork (died 1994), American physicist
- Dominic Cork (born 1971), English cricketer

## Other

- Corky is a female orca living in captivity
- Cork taint, a condition when wine is spoilt by a chemical reaction
- Diocese of Cork and Ross (Roman Catholic) formed in the 1950s from two older diocese
Suikoden

is a series of role-playing video games made by Japanese company Konami. There have been five main _Suikoden_ games made. _Suikoden_ and _Suikoden 2_ were released on the first PlayStation. _Suikoden 3_, _Suikoden 4_, and _Suikoden 5_ were released on the PlayStation 2. In each game the player would play the role of a hero who must free his country from either from a foreign invader or an evil government within his own country. To do this he would recruit the 108 "stars of destiny" to help him and raise an army. Unlike _Final Fantasy_ games, every _Suikoden_ game is set in the same world but in different countries.

## Infobox (vg series)

- **title**: Suikoden
- **image**: Suikoden Logo.png
- **creator**: Yoshitaka Murayama
- **developer**: Konami
- **publisher**: Konami
- **genre**: Role-playing video game
- **platform of origin**: PlayStation (console), PlayStation
- **year of inception**: 1995
- **first release version**: _Suikoden (video game), Suikoden_
- **latest release version**: _Genso Suikoden: Tsumugareshi Hyakunen no Toki_
Elasticity

**Elasticity** could mean:

- Elasticity (economics), a general term for a ratio of change. For more specific economic forms of elasticity, see:
    - Price elasticity of demand
    - Price elasticity of supply
    - Income elasticity of demand
    - Cross elasticity of demand
    - Output elasticity
    - Elasticity of substitution
    - Arc elasticity
    - Beta coefficient
    - Yield elasticity of bond value
- Elasticity (mathematics), a mathematical definition of point elasticity
- Elasticity (physics), continuum mechanics of bodies which deform reversibly under stress
- Elasticity, a comic book super power
Kendo

is a Japanese martial art.

## History

Kendo means the "way of the sword". The rules and gear of kendo were first created in the 18th century, and its modern rules and styles date to the 19th century.

## Rules

An opponent may be struck in seven places: either side or the top of the helmet (_men_), on either hand (gloves, _kote_) or either side of the body breastplate (_do_). There is also one legal thrust (_tsuki_) on throat.

The "men" can only be struck from the front, not from back. Only one of the two hands can be struck, depending on which kind of posture ("kamae") the opponent is using.

As incorrectly performing the "tsuki" thrust can be dangerous, low level practitioners are forbidden from performing it both in matches and daily training.

In a match, the attacker must name the location of each strike. Often, they are declared in Japanese ("men", "kote", "do", "tsuki"), but some people will name it in Korean or Chinese or another language, or even with a meaningless shout. All of these kinds of shouts are called "kiai". An effective attack must have "kiai" along with other essential factors.

## Equipment

The weapon used in kendo is a bamboo sword, called _shinai_. The kendo armour, which the players must wear, is called _bogu_ and is made of a helmet (_men_), breastplate (_do_), waist protector (_tare_), and special gloves (_kote_).

## Lesson contents

Lesson is called _keiko_ in kendo. keiko means that We think about past. kendo's keiko is distinguished between _shinai keiko_ and _kata keiko_. the building which we do kendo is called _dojyo_. In particular _keiko_ done in summer is _shochugeiko_ and one done in winter is _kangeiko_.

shinaikeiko
keiko which use _shinai_ and _bogu_
- _suburi_ (waiving sword many times to improve your muscle)
- _kirikaeshi_ (Striking partner's _men_ consecutively and confirming sword handling)
- _uchikomi keiko_ (Training basic strike like _men_, _kote_, _do_etc.)
- _oikomi keiko_
- _kakari geiko_ (Striking where partner show a plow as many as possible in time)
- _ji geiko_
- _shiai geiko_

## Related pages

- Fencing
- Sports in Japan
Paleontology

**Palæontology** or **paleontology** is the study of fossils of living things, and their phylogeny (evolutionary relationships). It depends on basic sciences such as zoology, botany and historical geology. The term **palaeobiology** implies that the study will include the palaeoecology of the groups in question.

In _palaeozoology_, the evolution of those  animal phyla with fossil records are studied. In _palaeobotany_, fossil plants are studied. In historical geology the formation, sequence and dating of rock strata give information about past environments.

A fossil is any kind of life that is more than ten thousand years old and preserved in any form that we can study today. The fossil record is always incomplete, and later discoveries may extend the known survival of a group. See Lazarus taxon.

Some palaeontologists study fossils of microorganisms, living things that are too small to see without a microscope, while other palaeontologists study fossils of giant dinosaurs.

- **Vertebrate palaeontology**: the palaeontology of vertebrate animals
- **Invertebrate palaeontology**: the palaeontology of invertebrate animals

## Related pages

- Lagerstätte
- Paleoanthropology
- Palaeoclimatology
Piauí

**Piauí** is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is in the northeastern part of the country. The capital of Piauí is Teresina.

## Geography

Piauí shares borders with the states of Maranhão (west), Ceará (east), Pernambuco (east) and Bahia (east and south). It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north.

Piauí has the shortest coastline of any of the Brazilian states that borders the Atlantic Ocean. Its coastline is only 66 km long. The capital, Teresina, is the only state capital in the northeast that is not on the coast. The reason for this is because, unlike the rest of the area, Piauí state was first colonised away from the coast and slowly expanded towards the ocean. The other states in the area started on the coast and grew inland.

## Flag

The flag of Piaui was created on 24 July 1922. The blue canton and a star is for the state itself. The green and yellow stripes are for Brazil.

## Cities

Cities in Piaui include:
- Teresina
- Parnaíba
- Picos
- Oeiras

## Other websites

- Piauí Official Homepage (Portuguese)

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: State of Piauí
- **native name lang**: pt
- **settlement type**: States of Brazil, State
- **image flag**: Bandeira do Piauí.svg
- **image shield**: Brasão do Piauí.svg
- **image map**: Brazil State Piaui.svg
- **map caption**: Location of State of Piauí in Brazil
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital and Largest City
- **seat**: Teresina
- **leader title**: Governor (Brazil), Governor
- **leader name**: Wellington Dias
- **leader title1**: Vice Governor
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 251577.738
- **area rank**: List of Brazilian states by area, 11th
- **population total**: 3,264,531
- **population as of**: 2018
- **population rank**: List of Brazilian states by population, 19th
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: List of Brazilian states by population density, 18th
- **population demonym**: Piauiense
- **demographics type1**: Gross domestic product, GDP
- **demographics1 title1**: Year
- **demographics1 info1**: 2016
- **demographics1 title2**: Total
- **demographics1 info2**: R$ 41,406,000,000 (List of Brazilian states by gross domestic product, 21rd)
- **demographics1 title3**: Per capita
- **demographics1 info3**: R$ 12,890 (List of Brazilian states by gross domestic product, 26th)
- **demographics type2**: Human Development Index, HDI
- **demographics2 title1**: Year
- **demographics2 info1**: 2017
- **demographics2 title2**: Category
- **demographics2 info2**: 0,697 – <span style="color:#fc0">medium</span> (List of Brazilian states by Human Development Index, 25th)
- **timezone1**: Time in Brazil, BRT
- **utc offset1**: -3
- **timezone1 dst**: Time in Brazil, BRT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -3
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:BR, BR-PI
- **postal code type**: Postal Code
- **postal code**: 64000-000 to 64990-000
- **website**: [http://www.pi.gov.br pi.gov.br]
Hiromu Shinozuka

**Hiromu Shinozuka** (, born 27 March 1979 in Fukuoka) is a Japanese manga artist. She writes in _Ciao_. She came out with _Takkyu shoujo_ in 1999.

## Famous works

- _Chenge!_
- _Mirrumo de pon!_
- _Koisuru purin_
- _Chibi☆debi!!_

## Other websites

- Profile at Ciao Magazine site
- Hiromu Shinozuka  at Anime News Network's Encyclopedia
Zvečan

**Zvečan** is a town in north of Kosovo, near Kosovska Mitrovica. , about 16,600 people lived there. The town was first mentioned at the time of border disputes between Serbia and the Byzantine Empire between 1091 and 1094.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Zvečan
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Kosovo, Town and Municipalities of Kosovo, municipality
- **image skyline**: Zvecan2.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Panorama of Zvečan
- **image seal**: Stema e Komunes Zveçan.svg
- **image map**: File:Municipalities of Kosovo Zvečan.svg
- **map caption**: Location of the municipality of Zvečan within Kosovo
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Kosovo
- **subdivision type1**: Districts of Kosovo, District
- **subdivision name1**: District of Mitrovica
- **subdivision type2**: Settlements
- **subdivision name2**: 36
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Ilir Peci
- **leader party**: Democratic Party of Kosovo (Kosovo), PDK
- **area total km2**: 122
- **population as of**: 2015
- **population total**: 16,650
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **elevation m**: 461
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 38227
- **area code**: +381(0)28
- **blank name**: Vehicle registration plates of Kosovo, Car plates
- **blank info**: 02
- **blank1 name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank1 info**: Oceanic climate, Cfb
Rosario

**Rosario** is a city in the center-east of Argentina, about  northwest from Buenos Aires. It is the main city of Santa Fe Province. As of 2008 Rosario metropolitan area has a population of around 1,300,000 inhabitants, making it Argentina's third-largest city (after Buenos Aires and Córdoba). The city is on the Paraná River.

It is called Rosario because of the Virgin of the Rosary, whose image remains at the cathedral, in the same place as the original chapel.

## Other websites

- Municipality of Rosario (official website)

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Rosario
- **settlement type**: City & Municipality
- **image skyline**: Montaje Rosario 01.jpg
- **image caption**: From top, left to right: aerial view of Districts of Rosario, Rosario Center District, Rosario Board of Trade, National Flag Memorial (Argentina), National Flag Memorial, Hospital de Emergencias Clemente Álvarez, Clemente Álvarez Emergency Hospital, Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary, Oroño Boulevard, Palacio de los Leones, Rosario City Hall, Perpetuo Socorro Church, and Rosario-Victoria Bridge
- **image flag**: Bandera de la Ciudad de Rosario.svg
- **image seal**: Escudo de armas de Rosario.svg
- **nickname**: "Birthplace of the Flag of Argentina, Argentine Flag", "The Argentine Chicago"
- **pushpin map**: Argentina#South America
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Rosario in Argentina
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Argentina
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Argentina, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Santa Fe
- **postal code**: S2000
- **leader party**: CREO Party
- **leader title**: Intendant#Argentina, Intendant
- **leader name**: Pablo Javkin
- **leader name1**: 30 municipal mayors
- **unit pref**: km
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 0341
Gymnastics

**Gymnastics** is a sport which involves doing exercises which need strength, flexibility, balance and endurance. This may include running, jumping, tumbling, somersaulting, flipping and balancing. Mental skills are also involved such as confidence, diet control and focus.

In women's gymnastics, there are four activities: floor, uneven bars, balance beam, and vault.  In men's gymnastics, there are six activities: floor exercise, parallel bars, high bar, pommel horse, vault, and rings.

Gymnastics is a Summer Olympic sport. It began as a form of exercise in ancient Greece.  It was one of the first sports in the Ancient Olympic Games.

## Forms of gymnastics

There are several forms of gymnastics, including rhythmic gymnastics, artistic gymnastics, acrobatics, trampolining, and wheel gymnastics and no handed gymnastics. In _artistic gymnastics_, gymnasts perform short routines using different pieces of equipment.  _Acrobatics_ involves showing balance and performing flips on the floor or in the air.  In _trampolining_, gymnasts do routines using only the trampoline.  _Wheel gymnasts_ exercise in a large wheel called a German wheel.

In _rhythmic gymnastics_, gymnasts perform with ribbons, rope, ball, hoop and clubs.  Usually, only females do rhythmic gymnastics because they are more flexible than males.

## Other websites

- FM Gymnastics - a list of Techniques and free animated comic tutorials for Floor Gymnastics.

### Websites of the federations

**Federation Internationale de Gymnastique**
- Gimnasia Argentina
- Gymnastics Australia
- Brazilian Gymnastics Federation
- Gymnastics Canada
- Chinese Gymnastics Association
- Fédération Française de Gymnastique
- Federazione Ginnastica d'Italia
- Japan Gymnastic Association
- Mexican Gymnastics Federation
- Romanian Gymnastics Federation
- Russian Gymnastics Federation
- British Gymnastics
- USA Gymnastics
Takbir

**Takbir** is the name for the Arabic phrase **Allahu Akbar** which is a Muslim saying. The exact words in Arabic mean  "God is greater", but people know that saying "God is great" in the right time and place means the same as "_God is Greater_." "_Allahu Akbar_" is the first part of the Adhan, which people hear 5 times a day where Muslim people live together. Saying "God is Great" tells people in a few words what Islam believes and teaches.

This Arabic phrase was added to the Iraqi flag, which is claimed to be Saddam Hussein's handwriting, in 2001. Muslims say it before changing positions during their prayers. Allahu Akbar was the anthem of Libya during the rule of Muammar Gaddafi.
Shire

A **shire** is an old term for a county in England. It is a kind of local government.

## History

The first shires were created by the Anglo-Saxons in central and southern England.  Shires were controlled by a royal official known as a "shire reeve" or sheriff. In modern English usage shires are sub-divided into districts.

Individually, or as a suffix in Scotland, the word is pronounced  (to rhyme with "fire"). As a suffix in an English or Welsh place name it is pronounced  (rhymes with "fir").

## Shires in Great Britain

In England and Wales, the term "shire county" is used to refer to counties which are not metropolitan counties.

It can also be used in a narrower sense, referring only to traditional counties ending in "shire".  These counties are typically (though not always) named after their county town.

### Shires in England

Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Derbyshire, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Lancashire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, Wiltshire, Worcestershire, Yorkshire.

Of these, all but Huntingdonshire and Yorkshire are also administrative counties (but with different boundaries).  Huntingdonshire is now administered as a district of Cambridgeshire, and Yorkshire is split between East, North, South and West Yorkshire.

### Shires in Wales

Brecknockshire, Caernafonshire, Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Monmouthshire, Montgomeryshire, Pembrokeshire, Radnorshire

In Wales, the counties of Merioneth and Glamorgan are occasionally referred to with the "shire" suffix. The only traditional Welsh county that never takes "shire" is Anglesey.

## Shires in Scotland

Aberdeenshire (traditional), Ayrshire, Banffshire, Berwickshire, Clackmannanshire, Cromartyshire, Dumfriesshire, Dunbartonshire, Fife, Inverness-shire, Kincardineshire, Kinross-shire, Kirkcudbrightshire, Lanarkshire, Morayshire, Nairnshire, Peeblesshire, Perthshire, Renfrewshire, Ross-shire, now called Ross and Cromarty, Roxburghshire, Selkirkshire, Stirlingshire, Wigtownshire

## Shires in Australia

Shire is the most common word in Australia for the smallest local government areas by population. The states of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia use shire for this unit. South Australia and Tasmania use district. A shire has the same powers as the next largest units, the town and city.  In NSW, the expression 'The Shire' commonly refers to the Sutherland shire.

## Related pages

- Counties of England
Regnitz

The **Regnitz** is a river in Bavaria, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Main and is 58 km in length.

The river is formed by the confluence of the rivers Rednitz and Pegnitz, which meet in the city of Fürth. From there the Regnitz runs northwards through the cities of Erlangen and Forchheim. It finally meets the Main in the city of Bamberg.
Geir Ivarsøy

**Geir Ivarsøy** (June 27, 1957 – March 9, 2006) was the main programmer at Opera Software. He and Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner were part of a research group at the Norwegian state telephone company (now known as Telenor). They made browsing software called _MultiTorg Opera_. Telenor stopped them from working on the program, but in 1995, Ivarsøy and Stephenson von Tetzchner got the rights to the software. They created a company of their own, and continued working on it.

Now known as Opera, the Internet browser has become very popular. Opera Software has grown to more than 380 employees since it first moved to its offices in Oslo.

In January 2004, Geir Ivarsøy said he wanted to resign as a board member in Opera Software, though he kept working in the company after that. In June 2005 he was elected as a member of the nomination committee of the company.

Geir died in March 2006 of cancer.

## Other websites

- Death in the Family—an obituary
Rerun

A **rerun** is a repeat of the same broadcast media, when that program is played again. This is usually a television show, but can also be a radio show.
Cutaway

A **cutaway** in movieing is a camera shot that interrupts the program. Its subjects are related. It is going on at the same time as the main action of the program.
Cherie Blair

**Cherie Blair** <small>CBE</small> <small></small> (née **Booth**; born 23 September 1954) is a British barrister. She is the wife of former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Tony Blair. She was born at Fairfield General Hospital in Bury, Lancashire, and grew up in Waterloo, Lancashire. She is a daughter of actor Antony Booth.

She gained a first class degree from the London School of Economics.

She qualified as a barrister in 1976, and took silk in 1995. In 1999 she became a Recorder in the County Court and Crown Court.

Blair specialises in Human Rights law. She is a Catholic.

## Other websites

- Brief biog on her Chamber's website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Cherie Blair
- **image**: Cherie Blair QC (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Blair in 2013
- **office1**: Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Spouse of the Prime Minister
of the United Kingdom
- **term start1**: 2 May 1997
- **term end1**: 27 June 2007
- **term label1**: In role
- **primeminister1**: Tony Blair
- **predecessor1**: Norma Major
- **successor1**: Sarah Jane Brown, Sarah Brown
- **birthname**: Cherie Booth (christened Theresa Cara Booth)
- **birth place**: Bury, Lancashire, England
- **profession**: Barrister
- **parents**: Antony Booth (father)
- **relatives**: Lauren Booth (paternal )
- **children**: 4
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **party**: Labour Party (UK), Labour
Regions of Slovakia

Since 1949 (except 1990-1996), Slovakia has been divided into a number of _kraje_ (singular _kraj_, usually translated as **Regions**, but mean rather county). Slovakia is currently divided into 8 regions. Each kraj is then divided into many _okresy_ (singular _okres_, usually translated as districts). Slovakia currently has 79 districts.

Each region is named after its capital.

The following list shows: name of the region, its capital, number of districts, population (as of 2001) and area.

1. Bratislava Region, capital Bratislava - 8 districts, pop. 599,015, 2053km²
1. Trnava Region, capital Trnava - 7 districts, pop. 550,103, 4108km²
1. Trenčín Region, capital Trenčín - 9 districts, pop. 605,582, 4501km²
1. Nitra Region, capital Nitra - 7 districts, pop. 713,442, 6343km²
1. Žilina Region, capital Žilina - 11 districts, pop. 692,232, 6788km²
1. Banská Bystrica Region, capital Banská Bystrica - 13 districts, pop. 662,121, 9455km²
1. Prešov Region, capital Prešov - 13 districts, pop. 789,968, 8993km²
1. Košice Region, capital Košice - 11 districts, pop. 766,012, 6753km²
Districts of Slovakia

An **okres** (in English district) is an administrative unit of Slovakia.

Several districts form one region. On the other hand, one district is made of several municipalities, which are further divided into cadastral areas. The current districts exist since 1996, which at first had their own offices, but in 2004, they were abolished and replaced by the Circuit Offices, which are usually responsible for several districts (except for the Nové Zámky District, which has two Circuit Offices), reducing districts to a little more than statistical units.

Slovakia currently has 79 districts, with the city of Bratislava divided into 5 districts and the city of Košice divided into 4 districts.

## Alphabetical list of all Slovak districts

- Banská Bystrica
- Banská Štiavnica
- Bardejov
- Bánovce nad Bebravou
- Brezno
- Bratislava I
- Bratislava II, Bratislava III
- Bratislava IV, Bratislava V
- Bytča
- Čadca
- Detva
- Dolný Kubín
- Dunajská Streda
- Galanta
- Gelnica
- Hlohovec
- Humenné
- Ilava
- Kežmarok
- Komárno
- Košice I

- Košice II
- Košice III
- Košice IV
- Košice - okolie
- Krupina
- Kysucké Nové Mesto
- Levice
- Levoča
- Liptovský Mikuláš
- Lučenec
- Malacky
- Martin
- Medzilaborce
- Michalovce
- Myjava
- Námestovo
- Nitra
- Nové Mesto nad Váhom
- Nové Zámky
- Partizánske

- Pezinok
- Piešťany
- Poltár
- Poprad
- Považská Bystrica
- Prešov
- Prievidza
- Púchov
- Revúca
- Rimavská Sobota
- Rožňava
- Ružomberok
- Sabinov
- Senec
- Senica
- Skalica
- Snina
- Sobrance
- Spišská Nová Ves
- Stará Ľubovňa
- Stropkov

- Svidník
- Šaľa
- Topoľčany
- Trebišov
- Trenčín
- Trnava
- Turčianske Teplice
- Tvrdošín
- Veľký Krtíš
- Vranov nad Topľou
- Zlaté Moravce
- Zvolen
- Žarnovica
- Žiar nad Hronom
- Žilina
Žilina

**Žilina** (German: _Sillein_, Hungarian: _Zsolna_) is a city in northwestern Slovakia.

## Geography

The city is located in the northwestern Slovakia, at the confluence of Váh, Kysuca and Rajčanka rivers. It is surrounded by numerous mountains ranges, for example Lesser Fatra, Strážov Mountains and many others.

## History

People have lived here since the Neolithic age. The Slavs started to move here in the 5th century. German colonists started to live here since the 13th century. When the Hussites burned the city down, it declined it for some time. It regained its position in the 19th century, when it became an important railway junction. Today, it is the fifth largest town in Slovakia and the third most important industrial centre in Slovakia.

## Sights

The centre of the city is the _Mariánske námestie_, with the city hall, baroque statue of the Virgin Mary and so on. Other sights include:

- The Budatín Castle
- Wooden church of St. George (one of the few outside north-eastern Slovakia)
- Church of St. Stephen the King
- Orthodox synagogue

## Economy

Žilina is the main industrial and business centre of the Váh river. The biggest employer is the Kia Motors company, which invested here 1 billion dollars and created 3000 work positions.

## Twin towns

- Bielsko-Biała, Poland
- Corby, England
- Ferrara, Italy
- Changchun, China
- Maykop, Russia
- Nanterre(part of Paris), France
- Piatra Neamţ, Romania

## Other websites

- Official site
- Photo gallery of Žilina
- Žilina information

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Žilina
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Žilina Montage.jpg
- **image flag**: Zilina-zilina-flag.svg
- **image shield**: Coat of Arms of Žilina.svg
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of Slovakia, Region
- **subdivision name2**: Žilina Region, Žilina
- **subdivision type3**: Districts of Slovakia, District
- **subdivision name3**: Žilina District, Žilina
- **pushpin map**: Slovakia Žilina Region#Slovakia
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Slovakia
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Peter Fiabáne
- **established title**: First mentioned
- **established date**: 1208
- **elevation m**: 342
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 010 01
- **area code**: +421-41
- **blank name**: Vehicle registration plates of Slovakia, Car plate
- **blank info**: ZA
- **website**: [http://www.zilina.sk/eng www.zilina.sk]
Renting

**Renting** (also called **leasing**) is where someone pays money to use something for a definite amount of time. This can be anything from a car or house to a DVD. Car rental for example is usually short-term; the user returns the car in a few days.

The document that has all the details written on it is called the _lease_. The person who owns the item that will be leased or rented is called the _lessor_. The person who is paying the money to use the item is called the _lessee_. If it is a house, building, or land that is being leased, the person who pays the money is called the _tenant_. For example, a tenant farmer rents a farm from its owner. Convict leasing was a historical practice of prisons in the United States and certain other countries offering convicted prisoners as ultra-cheap labor to private entities as a form of penal servitude.

There are many kinds of leases:

- Finance lease
- Operating least
- Hire purchase
- Rent-to-own
- Closed-end lease
Prešov

**Prešov** (; ) is a city in eastern Slovakia. With a population of approximately 91,000 it is the third-largest city in the country.

## Geography

Prešov is a city lying in the Torysa river valley, in the historical Šariš region. It is located 33 km north of Košice, connected by the motorway D1.

## History

People have lived in the area since the Paleolithic period. Prešov is first mentioned in 1247. It became a free royal town in 1374. Salt mining started here in the 16th century, in the nearby town of Solivar (which is now part of Prešov).

## Twin towns

- Nyíregyháza, Hungary
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Nowy Sącz, Poland
- Mukacheve, Ukraine
- Prague 10, Czech Republic
- Remscheid, Germany
- Keratsini, Greece
- La Courneuve, France
- Comune di Brugherio, Italy

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Prešov
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Hlavná Prešov16Slovakia14.JPG
- **image caption**: City centre of Prešov
- **image flag**: Presov-presov-flag.svg
- **image shield**: Coat of Arms of Prešov.svg
- **pushpin map**: Slovakia Prešov Region#Slovakia
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Slovakia
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of Slovakia, Region
- **subdivision name2**: Prešov Region, Prešov
- **subdivision type3**: Districts of Slovakia, District
- **subdivision name3**: Prešov District, Prešov
- **established title**: First mentioned
- **established date**: 1247
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Ing. František Oľha
- **elevation m**: 296
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 080 01
- **area code**: +421 51
- **blank name**: Slovak car registration plates, Car plate
- **blank info**: PO, PV
- **elevation ft**: 971
Trnava

**Trnava** (German: _Tyrnau_, Hungarian: _Nagyszombat_) is a city in western Slovakia, around 50 km from the capital Bratislava. Because it has so many churches with the town walls, it is commonly called Little Rome or Slovak Rome.

## History

The town was first mentioned in 1211. It received royal free town privileges as the first town in Slovakia in 1238. The town had its height as a cultural and religious centre, as it was seat of archbishopric  from 1541 to 1820. The first horse-drawn railway in the Kingdom of Hungary was built to Trnava from Bratislava in 1846. It is again an seat of archbishopric since 1978. In 2003, French car manufacturer PSA started construction of automobile plant. It was finished in 2006

## Twin towns

- Scranton, Pennsylvania (United States)
- Varaždin, Croatia

## Other websites

- Trnava Official website (in Slovak only)
- Trnava travel guide

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Trnava
- **nickname**: Little/Slovak Rome
- **image skyline**: Slovakia Trnava Church of John the Baptist UNESCO 2.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **image caption**: Trnava, Church of John the Baptist
- **image flag**: Trnava-trnava-flag.svg
- **image shield**: Coat of Arms of Trnava.svg
- **image map**: Map slovakia trnava.png
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Location of Trnava within Slovakia
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Slovakia
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Slovakia, Region (kraj)
- **subdivision name1**: Trnava Region
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Slovakia, Districts
- **subdivision name2**: Trnava District
- **established title**: First mentioned
- **established date**: 1211
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **elevation m**: 146
- **postal code type**: Postal Code
- **postal code**: 91700
- **website**: [http://www.trnava.sk/ www.trnava.sk]
Nitra

**Nitra** (Hungarian: _Nyitra_ / _Nyitria_ [archaic]; German: _Neutra_ ()) is a city in western Slovakia (and the fifth largest urban settlement in Slovakia) at the base of Zobor Mountain in the Nitra River valley.

Nitra is one of the oldest cities in Slovakia. It existed as a town since at least the early 9th century.

## History

Nitra is a city with special history. People have lived there for at least 6000 years. It was an important center of the Celts (in the last few hundred years BC), and later the seat of the first known rulers of what is today Slovak territory, i.e. of :
- the Germanic Quadi around 396? (disputed)
- the Slavic/Slovak Principality of Nitra:
    - an independent state (late 8th century - 833)
    - Principality of Nitra as part of Great Moravia (833 - ?907)
    - Principality of Nitra under Hungarian rule (?925/970 - 1107) [between 1000 and 1030 temporarily under Polish rule ]

Nitra is also site of the first known Church in Central and Eastern Europe, built in 828.

## Sister cities

- Bački Petrovac, Serbia
- České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
- Kroměříž, Czech Republic
- Naperville, Illinois, USA
- Osijek, Croatia
- Spišská Nová Ves, Slovakia
- Zielona Góra, Poland
- Zoetermeer, Netherlands

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Nitra
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: View from Castle.JPG
- **image caption**: View from the south side of Nitra Castle
- **image flag**: Nitra-nitra-flag.svg
- **image shield**: Coat of Arms of Nitra.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Nitra Region, Nitra
- **pushpin map**: Slovakia
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Slovakia
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Marek Hattas
- **established title**: First mentioned
- **established date**: 828
- **elevation m**: 190
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 949 01
- **area code**: +421-37
- **blank name**: Slovak car registration plates, Car plate
- **blank info**: NR
- **website**: [http://www.nitra.sk www.nitra.sk]
Trenčín

**Trenčín** (German: _Trentschin_; Hungarian:  _Trencsén_; Latin: _Laugaritio_) is a town in western Slovakia (close to the Czech border) on the Váh river.

## History

The site is inhabited since time immemorial. Trenčín is best known for Roman writing below the Trenčín castle. In the 13th century, the castle was home to the legendary Matthew Csák, "Lord of the river Váh and the Tatra mountains".

## Partner towns

- Cran-Gevrier, France
- Uherské Hradiště, Czech Republic
- Zlín, Czech Republic
- Tarnów, Poland
- Casalecchio di Reno, Italy
- Békéscsaba, Hungary
- Kragujevac, Serbia

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Trenčín
- **image skyline**: Trenčín, Trenčiansky hrad 1.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **image caption**: Trenčín castle above the city
- **image flag**: Trencin-trencin-flag.svg
- **image shield**: Coat of Arms of Trenčín.svg
- **image map**: Map slovakia trencin.png
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Location of Trenčín within Slovakia
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Slovakia
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Slovakia, Region (kraj)
- **subdivision name1**: Trenčín Region
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Slovakia, Districts
- **subdivision name2**: Trenčín District
- **established title**: First mentioned
- **established date**: 1111
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **elevation m**: 398
- **postal code type**: Postal Code
- **postal code**: 91101
- **website**: [http://www.trencin.sk/ www.trencin.sk]
Banská Bystrica

**Banská Bystrica** (German: _Neusohl_, Hungarian: _Besztercebánya_, Latin: _Villa Nova_), is a large town in central Slovakia, on the Hron river.

## History

It was first mentioned in 1255 as a royal free mining town. The town had rich ore deposits, mainly copper, and to a lesser extent silver, gold and iron. As the deposits were depleted, the town has reoriented to the industry. During the World War II, the Slovak National Uprising broke out in the town.

## Sister cities

- - Durham, England
- - Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- - Salgótarján, Hungary
- - Tula, Russia
- - Herzliya, Israel
- - Larissa, Greece
- - Montana, Bulgaria
- - Tarnobrzeg, Poland
- - Zadar, Croatia
- - Ascoli Piceno, Italy
- - Halberstadt, Germany
- - Dabas, Hungary
- - Budva, Montenegro
- - Radom, Poland
- - Kovačica, Serbia
- - Vršac, Serbia

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Banská Bystrica
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Banska Bystrica SNP Square.jpg
- **image caption**: Banská Bystrica's main square
- **image flag**: Flag of Banská Bystrica.svg
- **flag border**: no
- **flag size**: 120px
- **image shield**: Coat of Arms of Banská Bystrica.svg
- **shield size**: 90px
- **etymology**: "mining creek"
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Slovakia, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Banská Bystrica Region, Banská Bystrica
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Slovakia, District
- **subdivision name2**: Banská Bystrica District, Banská Bystrica
- **pushpin map**: Slovakia Banská Bystrica Region#Slovakia
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Banská Bystrica in the Banská Bystrica Region
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Ján Nosko
- **established title**: First mentioned
- **established date**: 1255
- **elevation m**: 362
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 97401
- **area code**: +421-48
- **blank name**: Vehicle registration plates of Slovakia, Car plate
- **blank info**: BB
- **website**: [http://eng.banskabystrica.sk/ eng.banskabystrica.sk]
- **area note**: ()
Social realism

**Social realism** is a style of art, fiction, movies and plays. It describes the daily life of workers and poor people. Social realist artists try to show people and their lives in a realistic way. This means that they often show things which are not beautiful or attractive. They may show people who are elderly, sick, sad, insane or have a disability. This does not mean that a Realist work of art or literature is ugly. It can be made beautiful by the way that the artist or writer creates it.

Social realism art does not belong to one period of history, but has been the style of some artists in different centuries and different countries. Caravaggio, who was a late Renaissance artist, painted "Realist" pictures. Several Spanish painters were "Realists": Velazquez, Esteban Murillo and Francisco de Goya. There were many realist painters in the 19th century, including Gustave Courbet in France and Luke Fildes in England.

Social Realism was popular in Russian art and literature. In the 20th century it became the main type of literature in the Soviet Union.  It was also used by David Siqueiros to depict daily struggles of the people in his country, Mexico.

## Related pages

- Gustave Courbet
- Edouard Manet
- Impressionism
Metropolitan county

There are six **metropolitan counties** in England, which each cover large urban areas, typically with populations of 1.2 to 2.8 million. They were created in 1974 and are each divided into several metropolitan districts.

There are no county councils any more since 1986. Most of their functions were taken over by the individual boroughs. So the boroughs became unitary authorities. The remaining functions were taken over by so-called _joint-boards_.

The metropolitan counties have population densities of between 838 (South Yorkshire) and 28 (West Midlands) people/km². Individual metropolitan districts range from 4 people/km² in Liverpool to only 500 people/km² in Doncaster.

## Counties and districts

The six metropolitan counties and their metropolitan districts are:

|scope="col"|Metropolitan county|scope="col"|Metropolitan boroughs|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|City of Manchester, City of Salford, Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan||||
|City of Liverpool, Knowsley, Sefton, St Helens, Wirral||||
|City of Sheffield, Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham||||
|City of Newcastle upon Tyne, City of Sunderland, Gateshead, South Tyneside, North Tyneside||||
|City of Birmingham, City of Coventry, City of Wolverhampton, Dudley, Sandwell, Solihull, Walsall||||
|City of Leeds, City of Bradford, City of Wakefield, Calderdale, Kirklees||||

The structure of Greater London is similar to the metropolitan counties, but it is not one.  It was created earlier in 1965, by the London Government Act 1963.
The idea for creating administrative areas based upon the large conurbations outside London based on the model of the County of London or Greater London.

The metropolitan counties were established by the Local Government Act 1972, the county councils were first elected in 1973, and were formally established in April 1974.

Since 1995, the cities of Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Nottingham and Sheffield have come together in the _English Core Cities Group_. This organisation has no distinct legal status but seems to move towards a role of these cities as regional capitals outside of London.