juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Montilliez

**Montilliez** is a municipality in Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011, the former municipalities of Dommartin, Naz, Poliez-le-Grand and Sugnens joined together to become one new municipality called Montilliez.

## Other websites

- Official website of the municipality of Montilliez

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Montilliez
- **municipality name**: Montilliez
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **image photo**: Poliez-le-Grand town hall.jpg
- **image caption**: Poliez-le-Grand town hall
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Montilliez COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Montilliez 2011.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Gros-de-Vaud District, Gros-de-Vaud
- **postal code**: 1041, 1043
- **municipality code**: 5540
- **area**: 11.87
- **elevation**: 695
- **population**: 1731
- **populationof**: 31 Dec 2017
- **popofyear**: 2017
- **website**: www.montilliez.ch
- **mayor**: Jean-Claude Gillieron
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **places**: Dommartin, Switzerland, Dommartin, Naz, Poliez-le-Grand, Sugnens
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bottens, Echallens, Fey, Switzerland, Fey, Jorat-Menthue, Montanaire, Poliez-Pittet, Villars-le-Terroir
William Levada

**William Joseph Levada** (June 15, 1936 – September 26, 2019) was an American  cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

From May 2005 until June 2012, he was Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith under Pope Benedict XVI. He was the Archbishop of Portland (Oregon) from 1986 to 1995, and then Archbishop of San Francisco from 1995 to 2005.

Levada died on September 26, 2019, in Rome at the age of 83.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: cardinal
- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: William Joseph Levada
- **title**: Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith,
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco, Archbishop of San Francisco
- **image**: Procession - His Eminence William Cardinal Levada.jpg
- **caption**: William Levada
- **appointed**: May 13, 2005
- **ended**: July 2, 2012
- **predecessor**: Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI)
- **successor**: Gerhard Ludwig Müller
- **ordination**: December 20, 1961
- **ordained by**: Martin John O'Connor
- **consecration**: May 12, 1983
- **consecrated by**: Timothy Manning, John Ward (Auxiliary Bishop of Los Angeles), John Ward, and Juan Alfredo Arzube
- **cardinal**: March 24, 2006
- **created cardinal by**: Pope Benedict XVI
- **rank**: Cardinal-Priest
- **birth place**: Long Beach, California, United States of America
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **nationality**: American
- **religion**: Roman Catholic
- **motto**: _Fratres in Unum_
Vytautas Briedis

**Julius Vytautas Briedis** (27 August 1940 – 22 September 2019) was a Lithuanian rower. He finished fifth and third at the 1964 and 1968 Summer Olympics.

Briedis died on 22 September 2019 in Vilnius.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Vytautas Briedis
- **image**: Soviet men rowing eight EC 1964.jpg
- **caption**: Soviet eight at the 1964 European Championships, Briedis is third from left
- **birth place**: Nausėdžiai, Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, Lithuanian SSR, Soviet Union
- **death place**: Vilnius, Lithuania
- **sport**: Rowing
- **club**: Žalgiris Vilnius
- **alma mater**: Kaunas Polytechnic Institute
- **headercolor**: lightsteelblue
- **show-medals**: yes
Topeka Constitution

The **Topeka Constitutional Convention** met from October 23 to Nov 11, 1855 in Topeka, Kansas Territory at Constitution Hall. It wrote the **Topeka Constitution** that would have made slavery in Kansas illegal. The convention was organized by Free-Staters to go against the pro-slavery Territorial legislature elected March 5, 1855. The territorial legislature was elected in polling that had a lot of electoral fraud and the intimidation of free state settlers.

The Topeka Constitution was the first effort to create a Kansas governmental structure and write its basis in law. Free-State people passed the constitution on December 15, 1855. The constitution was sent to Washington. They really wanted the U.S. Congress to pass it. President Pierce hated the document. It was presented in the Senate by Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan and in the House by Representative Daniel of Indiana. It passed the House by two votes on July 2. However, it was held in committee by the Senate. On July 8, Senator Stephen A. Douglas took up the Topeka Constitution in a bill counter to Senator Cass. Cass sent the issue back to the people of Kansas to follow the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

## Related pages

- Lecompton Constitution
- Wyandotte Constitution
- Bleeding Kansas

## References

- Cutler, William G. (1883). "History of the State of Kansas".

## Other websites

- Transcript of PBS documentary
Leavenworth Constitution

The **Leavenworth Constitution** was one of four Kansas state constitutions written during the era of Bleeding Kansas.  The Leavenworth Constitution was written by a convention of Free-Staters. It was the most progressive of the four proposed constitutions. Important parts of this Constitution were a Bill of Rights that referred to "_all men_" (making no distinction between the rights of white men and black men), making slavery in the state illegal, and a basic framework for the rights of women.

The constitutional convention that wrote the Leavenworth Constitution was provided for by an act of the Territorial Legislature passed in February 1858, while the Lecompton Constitution was being debated in Congress. The constitution was adopted by the convention at Leavenworth April 3, 1858. It was also chosen by the people at an election on May 18, 1858.

The Leavenworth Constitution did not have a big impact on the history of Kansas since the US Senate did not approve of the laws in the document.  The other proposed state constitutions were the Topeka Constitution (1855), the Lecompton Constitution (1857) and the Wyandotte Constitution (1859).

## Related pages

- Topeka Constitution
- Lecompton Constitution
- Wyandotte Constitution
- Bleeding Kansas

## More reading

- Wilder, D.W., "_The Annals of Kansas_". 1886.
- William G. Cutler, "History of the State of Kansas" 1883

## Other websites

- The Kansas Constitution
- The Leavenworth Constitution
Rachel Bloom

**Rachel Leah Bloom** (born April 3, 1987) is an American comedian, writer, actress and singer-songwriter. She played the lead role of Rebecca Bunch in the CW comedy-drama series _Crazy Ex-Girlfriend_. For this, she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress-Television Series Musical or Comedy. For that same act, she also won a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series.

In May 2013, Bloom released her first musical comedy album _Please Love Me_.

Bloom was born in Los Angeles.

## Awards and nominations

|Year|Ceremony|Category|Nominated work|Result|Ref|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2011|Hugo Awards|Best Dramatic Presentation|_Fuck Me, Ray Bradbury_|||||
|2013|Web Awards|Best YouTube Song|_You Can Touch My Boobies_|||||
|2015|67th Primetime Emmy Awards|Short-format Animation|_Robot Chicken_|||||
|rowspan=10|2016|Golden Globe Awards|Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy|rowspan=15|_Crazy Ex-Girlfriend_|||
|rowspan=2|Gold Derby Awards|Best Comedy Actress||rowspan=2||||
|Breakthrough Performer of the Year||||||||
|Television Critics Association|Individual Achievement in Comedy|||||||
|Online Film and Television Awards|Best Actress in a Comedy Series|||||||
|EWwy Awards|Best Actress, Comedy|||||||
|rowspan=2|68th Primetime Emmy Awards|Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics||rowspan=2||||
|Outstanding Main Title Theme Music||||||||
|Gotham Awards|Breakthrough Series – Long Form|||||||
|Critics' Choice Television Awards|Best Actress in a Comedy Series|||||||
|rowspan=2|2017|Golden Globe Awards|Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy|||||
|69th Primetime Emmy Awards|Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics|||||||
|2018|Television Critics Association|Individual Achievement in Comedy||||||
|rowspan=2|2019|rowspan="2"|71st Primetime Emmy Awards|Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics||||
|Outstanding Main Title Theme Music||||||||

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: Rachel Bloom
- **image**: Rachel Bloom at 37th College Television Awards-adj.jpg
- **caption**: Bloom at the 37th College Television Awards in May 2016
- **birth name**: Rachel Leah Bloom
- **birth place**: Los Angeles County, California, U.S.
- **medium**: Television, film, music, theatre
- **alma mater**: New York University
- **active**: 2010–present
- **genre**: Improvisational comedy, sketch comedy, black comedy, blue comedy, Comedy music, musical comedy, surreal humor, satire, cringe comedy
Mid-Continent oil province

The **Mid-continent oil field** is a big area that has hundreds of oil fields in Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. The area, which has various geological strata and diverse trap types, was discovered and used during the first half of the 20th century. Most of the crude oil found in the onshore mid-continent oil field is the mixed base or intermediate type (a mix of paraffin base and asphalt base crude oil types).

## Other websites

- Energy Information Administration (DOE)
- U.S. Energy Information Administration (DOE) , "Crude Oil Proved Reserves, Reserves Changes, and Production"
Bud Fowler

**John W. "Bud" Fowler** (March 16, 1858 – February 26, 1913) was an African-American baseball player, manager, and club organizer. He is the earliest known African-American player in organized professional baseball; that is, the major leagues and minor leagues.

## Early life

The son of a fugitive hop-picker and barber, Bud Fowler was christened John W. Jackson.

### Early career

Fowler first played for an all-white professional team based out of New Castle, Pennsylvania in 1872. He was 14 years old. He is documented as playing for another professional team on July 21, 1877. He was 19. On April 24, 1878, he pitched a game for the Picked Nine, who defeated the Boston Red Caps, champions of the National League in 1877. He pitched some more for the Chelsea team, then finished that season with the Worcester club.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bud Fowler
- **image**: Bud Fowler.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Fowler in 1885
- **birth name**: John W. Jackson
- **birth place**: Fort Plain, New York
- **death place**: Frankfort, New York
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **known for**: Professional baseball player
- **years active**: 1877–1895
Baseball color line

The **color line**, also known as the **color barrier**, in American baseball stopped players of black African descent from playing Major League Baseball and its affiliated Minor Leagues until 1947 (with a few notable exceptions in the 19th century before the line was firmly established). Racial segregation in professional baseball was sometimes called a gentlemen's agreement. This means an understanding, as there was no written policy at the highest level of organized baseball, the major leagues. There was minor league's vote in 1887 against allowing new contracts with black players within its league. It sent a powerful message that eventually led to blacks not being allowed to play at all.

African Americans created the Negro leagues starting in 1887. In these leagues, African American baseball teams played against each other.

The color line was broken for good when Jackie Robinson signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers organization for the 1946 season.

## Origins

The beginning of segregation followed the baseball season of 1867. On October 16, the Pennsylvania State Convention of Baseball in Harrisburg denied admission to the "colored" Pythian Baseball Club.

## Other websites

- Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Playing for Keeps: Philadelphia's Pythian Base Ball Club.
Leavenworth Soldiers

The **Leavenworth Soldiers** was the first professional baseball team from Leavenworth, Kansas. The club played in the Western League from 1886 to 1888. Their first year, they tied the Lincoln Tree Planters for last place at 31-49. In 1887, the Soldiers were 27-27 when they disbanded on July 8 due to poor attendance. In 1888, Leavenworth returned to the loop and went 7-7 under L. M. Cretors. They were in second place when the league stopped operations on June 21. A J. Curran was leading the club in batting average at .300.

## References

- _The Western League: A Baseball History, 1885 through 1999_ by W.C. Madden and Patrick Stewart. .
Western League (1885–1899)

The **Western League of Professional Baseball Clubs**, also called the **Western League**, was a minor league baseball league. It created on February 11, 1885. It focused on the Midwestern United States.

## History

Before its most famous version in November 1893, the Western League existed in various forms. The League was created as a minor league on February 11, 1885. The original clubs were in Indianapolis‚ Kansas City‚ Cleveland‚ Milwaukee‚ Toledo and Omaha/Keokuk, Iowa.

## Infobox (sports league)

- **title**: Western League of Professional Baseball Clubs
- **last season**: 1900
- **sport**: Baseball
- **founded**: February 11, 1885
- **ceo**: Ban Johnson (1894–1900)
- **inaugural**: 1885
- **country**: United States
- **continent**: North America
- **folded**: 1900
- **champion**: Chicago White Sox, White Stockings
- **most champs**: Indianapolis (4)
Barn raising

A **barn raising**, also historically called a **raising bee** or **rearing** in the U.K., is a collective action of a community, in which a barn for one of the members is built or rebuilt by members of the community. Barn raising was common in 18th- and 19th-century rural North America. A barn was a necessary building for any farmer. Yet a barn was also a big and expensive building. Building a farm needed many people than a typical family could provide. Barn raising addressed the need by getting members of the community, unpaid, to help in the building of their neighbors' barns. Because each member was entitled to recruit others for help, the favor would eventually return to each participant.

One or more people with experience or with specific skills are chosen to lead the project. Young people helping for the first time have watched many barn raisings and know what is expected of them.
Coronado, Kansas

**Coronado** was an unincorporated community in Wichita County, Kansas, United States. It was platted in 1885. Coronado was involved in the bloodiest county seat fight in the history of the American West. The shoot-out on February 27, 1887, with boosters—some would say hired gunmen—from nearby Leoti left several people dead and wounded.

Coronado had a post office from 1886 until 1899.

## References

- War in Wichita County (see bottom of page)

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Coronado, Kansas
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated community
- **image map1**: Map of Wichita Co, Ks, USA.png
- **map caption1**: Kansas Department of Transportation, KDOT map of Wichita County, Kansas, Wichita County (:File:Kansas official transportation map legend.png, legend)
- **pushpin map**: Kansas#USA
- **pushpin label**: Coronado
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Kansas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Kansas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Wichita County, Kansas, Wichita
- **subdivision type3**: List of townships in Kansas, Township
- **established title**: Founded
- **established title1**: Platted
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2000, 2000
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **area code**: Area code 620, 620
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS ID
County seat war

A **county seat war** is an American phenomenon that happened mostly in the Old West as it was being settled. Although, there were similar events elsewhere, such as in southeastern Ohio. As new towns were created and county lines were drawn, there was intense competition for the status and tax benefits received by becoming a county seat. These "wars" often involved nothing more than lining up at the ballot box. However, sometimes people from a particular town would use voter fraud, intimidation or violence.

## Other websites

- West Virginia newspaper clips about county seat wars
Transcontinental railroad

A **transcontinental railroad** is a network of railroad tracks that crosses a continental land mass. It must be continuous. It has terminals at different oceans or continental borders. Such networks can be via the tracks of either a single railroad, or over those owned or controlled by multiple railway companies along a continuous route.

## Other websites

- The Old Transandino
- Trans-Asian Railway Project
- Uniting the States of America
Pacific Railroad Acts

The **Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862** were a series of acts of Congress that supported the construction of a "transcontinental railroad" (the Pacific Railroad) in the United States. This happened through authorizing issuing government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies. The War Department under then-Secretary of War Jefferson Davis was authorized by the Congress in 1853 to do surveys of five different potential transcontinental routes from the Mississippi. These surveys ranging from north to south and submitted a massive twelve volume report to Congress with the results in early 1855. However, no route or bill could be agreed upon and passed authorizing the Government's financial support and land grants. This change when the secession of the southern states in 1861 ended their opposition to a central route. The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 () was the original act. Some of its provisions were changed, expanded, or repealed by four more amending Acts: The Pacific Railroad Act of 1863 (), Pacific Railroad Act of 1864 (), Pacific Railroad Act of 1865 (), and Pacific Railroad Act of 1866 ().

The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 started federal government land grants directly to corporations; before that act, the land grants were made to the states, for the benefit of corporations.
Pee Wee Gaskins

**Donald Henry "Pee Wee" Gaskins Jr.** (March 13, 1933 – September 6, 1991) was an American serial killer. He was executed by electrocution by South Carolina in 1991.

Gaskins was born in South Carolina, the last in a string of illegitimate children. Due to his smallness, he was nicknamed "Pee Wee". His youth was characterized by considerable neglect. For instance, when he was one year old, he drank a bottle of kerosene. He grew to 5 foot 2 inch and 130 pounds.

Gaskins' serial crime began before the concept was even realized, as a juvenile, which included along with a group of other youths: robberies, assaults and a gang rape. In prison, he was regularly raped. He escaped from prison in 1955 by sitting in the back of a garbage truck, and fled to Florida; he was re-arrested, remanded and paroled in August 1961.

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Gaskins murdered several teenaged girls and young women. He was later found guilty of eight counts of murder and sentenced to death by South Carolina. While on death row, Gaskins murdered a fellow death row inmate, earning him the title "Meanest Man in America". Gaskins was put to death in the electric chair by South Carolina on September 6, 1991.

## Related pages

- Albert Fish
- Harvey Glatman
Harvey Glatman

**Harvey Murray Glatman** (December 10, 1927 – September 18, 1959) was an American serial killer active during the late 1950s. He was known in the media as "The Lonely Hearts Killer" and "The Glamour Girl Slayer". He would use several pseudonyms, posing as a professional photographer to lure his victims with the promise of a modelling career.

Glatman was later found guilty of two counts of first-degree murder by California and sentenced to death, a sentence that he accepted willingly.  He specifically asked the warden to do nothing to save his life.  He was executed in the gas chamber of San Quentin State Prison on September 18, 1959.

## Related pages

- Pee Wee Gaskins
Tony Costa

**Antone Charles "Tony" Costa** (August 2, 1944 – May 12, 1974) was an American carpenter who achieved notoriety for committing serial murders in and around the town of Truro, Massachusetts in 1969.  Costa preyed on either teenaged girls or young women, although it is unclear that, what resulted in the victims' deaths.  Costa would then remove the corpses' hearts and dismember the corpses.  Costa was convicted of two of the murders and sentenced to life imprisonment by Massachusetts.  Four years into his imprisonment, Costa hanged himself in his prison cell.

## Infobox (serial killer)

- **name**: Tony Costa
- **birth name**: Antone Charles Costa
- **birth place**: Cambridge, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death place**: Walpole, Massachusetts, Walpole, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **cause**: Suicide by hanging
- **conviction**: 2 counts murder
- **sentence**: Life imprisonment
- **victims**: 4–8
- **beginyear**: 1968
- **endyear**: 1969
- **country**: United States
- **states**: Massachusetts
- **apprehended**: 1969
Tomiris (movie)

***Tomiris*** is a commercial movie about  Queen Tomiris.  This historical drama is about the ruler of the Massagetae in the sixth century B.C.

The movie was released in September 2019.  Its plot is based on material from Herodotus as told through Al-Farabi.  It tells how Tomiris led her nomadic people to victory over Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid Empire when he invaded her land.

The movie's director was Akan Satayev.  "The historical drama was filmed based on order of the Kazakh Ministry of Culture and Sports."  The producer was Aliya Nazarbayeva. The movie was made by the  Kazakhfilm Film Studio with participation of Sataifilm. The movie's director of props was Kuat Tleubaev.  It cost 2.259 billion tenge (about 6,500,000 US$) to make. It was filmed in Kazakhstan.

Running time is 155 minutes.

According to the _Astana Times_ online, the movie "earned 480 million tenge (US$1.2 million) by the end of October and was screened more than 800 times throughout Kazakhstan."

_Tomiris_ was one of three Kazakhstani movies in the Golden Globes long list of candidates for the Foreign Language Film category.

At France’s 26th L’Étrange Festival, 20202, it won the Nouveau Genre Great Prize in the International Feature Film Competition.

The movie was scheduled to be released in Turkey in April 2020.

## Languages

The narrative is in Russian with Kazakh subtitles.  The characters speak in ancient Turkic and Persian languages.

## Cast

- Almira Tursyn     as Tomiris
- Aizhan LighG      as Princess Sardana
- Gassan Massoud as Cyrus the Great
- Murat Bisenbin     as Spargap, Tomiris's father and the Chief
- Adil Akhmetov       as Tomiris's husband Argun
- Azamat Satybaldy  as Kavaz
- Berik Aitzhanov       as  Kurtun
- Ayan Otepbergen
- Asylkhan Tolepov
- Erkebulan Dairov      as Khoman
- Sain Ferhad            as Immortelle

## Other web sites

- https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7985648/?ref_=nv_sr_1?ref_=nv_sr_1
- Official flim page: http://sataifilm.kz/9-filmy/32-tomiris
- Review: https://asianmoviepulse.com/2020/09/film-review-the-legend-of-tomiris-2019-by-akan-satayev/
Victor Licata

**Victor Licata** (c. 1912 – December 4, 1950) was an American murderer who killed most of his family with an axe. On October 16, 1933 in Ybor City, Tampa, Florida, Licata used an axe to murder his parents, two brothers, and a sister while they were asleep. All died from blows to the head.  The killings, which were reported by the media as the work of an "axe-murdering marijuana addict", were used as prima facie evidence that there was a link between recreational drugs, such as cannabis, and crime. This led to the killings being used in 1930s anti-drug campaigns against marijuana.  At trial, Licata was found criminally insane and committed to an insane asylum, where he later hanged himself in 1950.
James S. Gracey

**James Steele Gracey** (born August 24, 1927) is a former United States Coast Guard admiral. He was the 17th Commandant of the United States Coast Guard from 1982 to 1986. He was born in Newton, Massachusetts. He was active during the Korean War and the Vietnamese War.
Paul A. Yost Jr.

**Paul Alexander Yost Jr.** (born January 3, 1929) is a retired United States Coast Guard admiral. He was the 18th Commandant of the United States Coast Guard from 1986 to 1990.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Paul A. Yost Jr.
- **birth place**: St. Petersburg, Florida, U.S.
- **image**: Paul A Yost.jpg
- **rank**: Admiral (United States), Admiral
- **commands**: Commandant of the Coast Guard
- **laterwork**: President, James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation
James Loy

**James Milton Loy** (born August 10, 1942) is a retired United States Coast Guard admiral. He was Acting United States Secretary of Homeland Security in 2005 and U.S. Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security (DHS) from December 4, 2003, to March 1, 2005.

He was the second administrator of the Transportation Security Administration from 2002 to 2003, and before that as the Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard from 1998 to 2002.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: James Loy
- **image**: James M. Loy.jpg
- **office**: United States Secretary of Homeland Security
- **status**: Acting
- **president**: George W. Bush
- **term start**: February 1, 2005
- **term end**: February 15, 2005
- **predecessor**: Tom Ridge
- **successor**: Michael Chertoff
- **office1**: 2nd United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security
- **president1**: George W. Bush
- **term start1**: December 4, 2003
- **term end1**: March 1, 2005
- **predecessor1**: Gordon R. England, Gordon England
- **successor1**: Michael P. Jackson, Michael Jackson
- **office2**: Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration
- **president2**: George W. Bush
- **term start2**: July 19, 2002
- **term end2**: December 7, 2003
- **predecessor2**: John Magaw
- **successor2**: David M. Stone, David Stone
- **office3**: Commandant of the Coast Guard
- **president3**: Bill Clinton
George W. Bush
- **term start3**: May 30, 1998
- **term end3**: May 30, 2002
- **predecessor3**: Robert E. Kramek, Robert Kramek
- **successor3**: Thomas H. Collins, Thomas Collins
- **birth name**: James Milton Loy
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **birth place**: Altoona, Pennsylvania, Altoona, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **education**: United States Coast Guard Academy (Bachelor of Science, BS)
Wesleyan University (Master of Arts, MA)
University of Rhode Island (Master of Public Administration, MPA)
- **branch**: United States Coast Guard
- **serviceyears**: 1964–2002
- **rank**:  Admiral (United States), Admiral
- **battles**: Vietnam War
- **mawards**: Transportation Distinguished Service Medal
Distinguished Service Medal (United States Coast Guard), Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal (4)
Defense Superior Service Medal
Bronze Star Medal, Bronze Star (with "V" device, valor)
Joseph P. Hoar

General **Joseph P. Hoar** (born December 30, 1934) is a retired U.S. Marine Corps officer. He was Commander in Chief of United States Central Command. He retired from the Corps on September 1, 1994.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Joseph P. Hoar
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **image**: Joseph Hoar official military photo.jpg
- **caption**: General Joseph Hoar
- **allegiance**: United States of America
- **branch**: United States Marine Corps
- **serviceyears**: 1957–1994
- **rank**: General officer, General
- **commands**: Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, MCRD Parris Island
United States Central Command
- **battles**: Vietnam War
- **awards**: Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Bronze Star Medal, Bronze Star (2)
Joseph J. Went

**Joseph J. Went** (born September 16, 1930) is a retired United States Marine Corps four-star general.  His final job was as Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps and Chief of Staff.  He retired in 1990 after 38 years of service.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Joseph J. Went
- **birth place**: New Milford, Connecticut
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **image**: Joseph J. Went.jpg
- **caption**: General Joseph J. Went
- **allegiance**: United States, United States of America
- **branch**: United States Marine Corps
- **serviceyears**: 1952-1990
- **rank**:  General officer, General
- **commands**: H&MS-12
VMA-214
Marine Aircraft Group 24
3rd FSSG
1st Marine Aircraft Wing
Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps
- **battles**: Vietnam War
- **awards**: Legion of Merit
New Milford, Connecticut

**New Milford** is a town in Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is the largest town in the state in terms of land area at nearly . The population was 28,115 according to the 2020 Census.
Thomas R. Morgan

General **Thomas R. Morgan** (born January 6, 1930) is a retired American military personnel. He was the Assistant Commandant of the United States Marine Corps from June 1986 until he retired on July 1, 1988 after completion of more than 36 years of active service.

## Awards and decorations

General Morgan's personal awards and decorations include:
|colspan="4" align="center"||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="4" align="center"||||

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Thomas R. Morgan
- **image**: Morgan ThomasR.jpg
- **caption**: General Thomas R. Morgan, USMC
- **birth place**: Allentown, Pennsylvania
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **allegiance**: United States, United States of America
- **branch**: United States Marine Corps
- **serviceyears**: 1952-1988
- **rank**:  General officer, General
- **commands**: Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps
- **battles**: Vietnam War
- **awards**: Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit
Bronze Star Medal, Bronze Star
Air Medal
George B. Crist

**George Brainard Crist** (January 23, 1931 – July 26, 2024) was a four-star general of the United States Marine Corps. He was the first Marine to be promoted as a Unified Commander — serving as Commander in Chief, United States Central Command from 1985 to 1988.

Crist died on July 26, 2024 at the age of 93.

## Awards

His military decorations include:
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="4" align="center"|||rowspan="5"||
|||<span style="position:relative; top: 0px; left: -78px; display: inline-block; width: 0;"></span><span style="position:relative; top: 0px; left: -52px; display: inline-block; width: 0;"></span>|||

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: George B. Crist
- **birth place**: Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.
- **image**: General George Crist, official military photo, 1985.JPEG
- **caption**: General George B. Crist, USMC
- **allegiance**: United States of America
- **serviceyears**: 1952-1988
- **rank**:  General (United States), General
- **commands**: 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines
United States Central Command, CENTCOM
- **battles**: Korean War
Vietnam War
- **awards**: Defense Distinguished Service Medal (2)
Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit
Bronze Star Medal, Bronze Star  with Combat V device
- **laterwork**: CBS military analyst
John K. Davis

**John Kerry Davis** (March 14, 1927 – July 31, 2019), also known as **J.K. Davis**, was a United States Marine Corps four-star general.  Davis, a Vietnam War veteran, was the Commanding General of the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (1977–1978) and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (1978-1978). He died from cancer on July 31, 2019, at the age of 92.

His final job was as the Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps from July 1, 1983 to June 1, 1986.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: John K. Davis
- **image**: General John K. Davis.jpg
- **caption**: Davis as Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps (1983)
- **birth place**: Hagan, New Mexico, U.S.
- **death place**: Mission Viejo, California, U.S.
- **allegiance**: United States, United States of America
- **branch**: United States Marine Corps, Marine Corps
- **serviceyears**: 1945-1986
- **rank**:  General officer, General
- **commands**: VMFA(AW)-224
Marine Aircraft Group 46
3rd Marine Aircraft Wing
1st Marine Aircraft Wing
Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps
- **battles**: Vietnam War
- **awards**: Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Distinguished Service Medal
Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit
Distinguished Flying Cross (United States), Distinguished Flying Cross
Paul X. Kelley

**Paul Xavier Kelley** (November 11, 1928 – December 29, 2019) was a United States Marine Corps general. He was the 28th Commandant of the United States Marine Corps from July 1, 1983, to June 30, 1987.

In February 1980, Kelley was promoted to lieutenant general and named as the first Commander of the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force.

Kelley died on December 29, 2019 at a care facility in McLean, Virginia from Alzheimer's disease-related problems at the age of 91.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Paul X. Kelley
- **image**: GEN Kelley, Paul X.jpg
- **caption**: General Paul Xavier Kelley
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death place**: McLean, Virginia, McLean, Virginia, U.S.
- **allegiance**: United States
- **branch**: United States Marine Corps
- **serviceyears**: 1950–1987
- **rank**: General (United States), General
- **commands**: Commandant of the Marine Corps
Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps
United States Central Command, Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force
4th Marine Division (United States), 4th Marine Division
1st Marine Regiment (United States), 1st Marine Regiment
2nd Battalion, 4th Marines
- **battles**: Vietnam War
- **awards**: Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Army Distinguished Service Medal
Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Silver Star
Legion of Merit (3) w/ Combat "V"
Bronze Star Medal (2) w/ Combat "V"
- **laterwork**: Cassidy & Associates
Chairman, American Battle Monuments Commission
John W. Foss

**John William Foss** (February 13, 1933 – April 25, 2020) was a retired United States Army four-star general. He was a commander of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command.

Foss died on April 25, 2020 at the age of 87.

## Other websites

- Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs bio
- National Infantry Foundation bio
- Ranger Hall of Fame Inductees
- West Point Distinguished Graduate Recipients
- Gloria Foss Obituary

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: John W. Foss
- **image**: John W Foss.jpg
- **caption**: General John W. Foss
- **birth place**: Hutchinson, Minnesota, U.S.
- **placeofburial**: Arlington National Cemetery, U.S.
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **allegiance**: United States of America
- **branch**:  United States Army
- **serviceyears**: 1950-1952 (enlisted)
1956-1991 (officer)
- **rank**:  General (United States), General
- **commands**: U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command
XVIII Airborne Corps
82nd Airborne Division
- **battles**: Cold War
Vietnam War
- **awards**: Silver Star (2)
Legion of Merit (2)
Distinguished Flying Cross (United States), Distinguished Flying Cross
Hutchinson, Minnesota

**Hutchinson** is the largest city in McLeod County, Minnesota, United States, and is located along the South Fork of the Crow River.  The population was 14,599 at the 2020 census.
Arthur E. Brown Jr.

**Arthur Edmon Brown Jr.** (born November 21, 1929) is an American military personnel. He was a United States Army four-star general who was Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army (VCSA) from 1987 to 1989.

## Awards

||Defense Distinguished Service Medal|
| --- | --- |
||Army Distinguished Service Medal with one bronze oak leaf cluster|
||Silver Star|
||Legion of Merit with three oak leaf clusters|
||Distinguished Flying Cross|
||Bronze Star with "V" Device and two Oak Leaf Clusters|
||Meritorious Service Medal|
|<span style="position:relative; top: 1px; left: -37px; display: inline-block; width: 0;"></span>|Air Medal (9 awards)|
||Joint Service Commendation Medal|
||Army Commendation Medal with "V" device|
||Army of Occupation Medal|
||National Defense Service Medal with one Service star|
||Vietnam Service Medal with five Service stars|
||Army Service Ribbon|
|<span style="position:relative; top: 0px; left: -38px; display: inline-block; width: 0;"></span>|Army Overseas Service Ribbon with bronze award numeral 1|
||Gallantry Cross (Vietnam) with two gold and one bronze stars|
||Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal 1st class|
||Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation|
||Vietnam Campaign Medal|

## Other websites

- Association of Graduates bio

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Arthur E. Brown Jr.
- **image**: Arthur E Brown.jpg
- **caption**: General Arthur E. Brown Jr.
- **birth place**: Manila, Philippines
- **branch**:  United States Army
- **serviceyears**: 1953-1989
- **rank**:  General (United States), General
- **commands**: Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army
- **battles**: Cold War
Vietnam War
- **awards**: Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army), Army Distinguished Service Medal
Silver Star
Legion of Merit
Distinguished Flying Cross (United States), Distinguished Flying Cross
Frederick F. Woerner Jr.

**Frederick F. Woerner Jr.** (August 12, 1933 – March 29, 2023) was a four-star general of the United States Army. He was Commander-in-Chief of United States Southern Command, former Chairman of the American Battle Monuments Commission, and Professor Emeritus of Boston University. He died on March 29, 2023.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Frederick F. Woerner Jr.
- **image**: Frederick Woerner.jpg
- **caption**: General Frederick F. Woerner Jr.
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Gilbert, South Carolina, U.S.
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **branch**:  United States Army
- **serviceyears**: 1955-1989
- **rank**:  General (United States), General
- **commands**: U.S. Southern Command
U.S. Sixth Army
193rd Infantry Brigade
3rd Basic Combat Brigade
1st Battalion, 6th Infantry Regiment
- **battles**: Vietnam War
- **awards**: United States and Foreign Military Awards and Decorations are noted below
- **laterwork**: Professor, Boston University
Chairman, American Battle Monuments Commission
Louis C. Wagner Jr.

General **Louis Carson Wagner Jr.** (born January 24, 1932) is a retired United States Army four-star general. He was Commanding General, United States Army Materiel Command (CG AMC) from 1987 to 1989.

## Awards

-   Distinguished Service Cross
-   Army Distinguished Service Medal with one oak leaf cluster
-   Silver Star
-   Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster
-   Bronze Star
-   Purple Heart
-   Meritorious Service Medal
-   Air Medal with oak leaf cluster
-   Army Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters
-   Combat Infantryman Badge
-   Senior Parachutist Badge
-   Ranger Tab

## Other websites

- Speaking Out After Decades of Silence

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Louis C. Wagner Jr.
- **image**: Louis Carson Wagner.jpg
- **image size**: 250
- **caption**: General Louis Carson Wagner Jr.
- **birth place**: Jackson, Missouri
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **allegiance**: United States, United States of America
- **branch**: United States Army
- **serviceyears**: 1954–1989
- **rank**: General officer, General
- **commands**: U.S. Army Material Command
- **battles**: Vietnam War
James J. Lindsay

**James Joseph Lindsay** (October 10, 1932 – August 5, 2023) was a United States Army four-star general. He was the first commander of the United States Special Operations Command.

Lindsay died on August 5, 2023 in Vass, North Carolina at the age of 90.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: James J. Lindsay
- **image**: GEN James Lindsay 1986.jpg
- **caption**: General James J. Lindsay
- **birth place**: Portage, Wisconsin, U.S.
- **death place**: Vass, North Carolina, U.S.
- **serviceyears**: 1952—1990
- **rank**: General (United States), General
- **commands**: United States Special Operations Command, U.S. Special Operations Command
XVIII Airborne Corps (United States), XVIII Airborne Corps
82nd Airborne Division (United States), 82nd Airborne Division
- **battles**: Vietnam War
- **awards**: Distinguished Service Cross (United States), Distinguished Service Cross
Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army), Distinguished Service Medal
Silver Star (4)
Legion of Merit
Bronze Star Medal, Bronze Star with "V" (4)
Air Medal (9)
Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry with Palm and Gold Star
Combat Infantryman Badge
Carl E. Vuono

**Carl Edward Vuono** (born October 18, 1934) is a retired United States Army general. He was the Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1987 to 1991.

## Awards and decorations

||Defense Distinguished Service Medal|
| --- | --- |
||Army Distinguished Service Medal with two bronze oak leaf clusters|
||Navy Distinguished Service Medal|
||Air Force Distinguished Service Medal|
||Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal|
||Legion of Merit|
||Bronze Star Medal with "V" Device and four oak leaf clusters|
||Meritorious Service Medal|
|<span style="position:relative; top: 1px; left: -42px; display: inline-block; width: 0;"></span><span style="position:relative; top: 1px; left: -32px; display: inline-block; width: 0;"></span>|Air Medal (12 awards)|
||Army Commendation Medal with four oak leaf clusters|
||Meritorious Unit Commendation|
||National Defense Service Medal with one service star|
||Vietnam Service Medal with four Service stars|
||Army Service Ribbon|
|<span style="position:relative; top: 0px; left: -38px; display: inline-block; width: 0;"></span>|Army Overseas Service Ribbon with bronze award numeral 2|
||Order of Military Merit (Grand Cross) (Brazil)|
||Order of National Security Merit (Korea) Gugseon Medal|
||National Order of Merit (France) (Commander)|
||Gallantry Cross (Vietnam) with Silver Star|
||Vietnam Armed Forces Honor Medal 1st class|
||Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation|
||Civil Actions Medal Unit Citation (Vietnam)|
||Vietnam Campaign Medal|

## Other websites

- U.S. Army biography

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Carl E. Vuono
- **image**: General Carl Vuono, official military portrait 1987.JPEG
- **image size**: 250
- **birth place**: Monongahela, Pennsylvania
- **allegiance**: United States
- **branch**: United States Army
- **serviceyears**: 1957–1991
- **rank**: General (United States), General
- **commands**: Chief of Staff of the United States Army
United States Army Training and Doctrine Command
United States Army Command and General Staff College
1st Battalion, 77th Field Artillery Regiment
- **battles**: Vietnam War
- **awards**: Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Army Distinguished Service Medal (3)
Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal
Legion of Merit
Bronze Star Medal with "V" Device (5)
- **laterwork**: CEO, Military Professional Resources Inc.
Monongahela, Pennsylvania

**Monongahela** is a city in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is  south of Pittsburgh.  The population was 4,159 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Monongahela, Pennsylvania
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: Mon City
- **image skyline**: Edward G. Acheson House.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **image caption**: Edward G. Acheson House
- **image map**: File:Washington County Pennsylvania Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Monongahela Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Monongahela in Washington County, Pennsylvania.
- **pushpin map**: Pennsylvania
- **pushpin label**: Monongahela
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the U.S. state of Pennsylvania
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Pennsylvania
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Pennsylvania, County
- **subdivision name2**: Washington County, Pennsylvania, Washington
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 1770
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 5.40
- **area land km2**: 4.95
- **area water km2**: 0.45
- **area total sq mi**: 2.09
- **area land sq mi**: 1.91
- **area water sq mi**: 0.17
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 4159
- **population density km2**: 839.43
- **population density sq mi**: 2174.07
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 230
- **elevation ft**: 755
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 15063
- **area code**: Area code 724, 724
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 42-50408
- **website**: http://www.cityofmonongahela-pa.gov/
William D. Smith

**William Dee Smith** (born February 9, 1933) is a retired United States Navy four star admiral. He was United States Military Representative, NATO Military Committee (USMILREP) between 1991 & 1993.  Smith retired in 1993.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: William D. Smith
- **birth place**: Denver, Colorado
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **image**: William D Smith.jpg
- **caption**: Admiral William D. Smith
- **allegiance**: United States, United States of America
- **branch**: United States Navy
- **serviceyears**: 1955 - 1993
- **rank**: Admiral
Carlisle Trost

**Carlisle Albert Herman Trost** (April 24, 1930 – September 29, 2020) was a United States Navy officer. He was the 23rd Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1 July 1986 to 29 June 1990. He retired from active naval service on 1 July 1990, following completion of a four-year term as CNO.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Carlisle Trost
- **image**: Admiral Carlisle Trost, official military photo.JPEG
- **caption**: Trost in 1990
- **birth place**: Valmeyer, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.
- **allegiance**: United States
- **branch**: United States Navy
- **serviceyears**: 1953–1990
- **rank**: Admiral (United States), Admiral
- **commands**: Chief of Naval Operations
United States Atlantic Fleet
United States Seventh Fleet
Submarine Group Five
Submarine Flotilla One
- **awards**: Defense Distinguished Service Medal (2)
Navy Distinguished Service Medal (3)
Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army), Army Distinguished Service Medal
Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Legion of Merit (3)
- **laterwork**: Chairman, U.S. Naval Academy Alumni Association
Valmeyer, Illinois

**Valmeyer** is a village in Monroe County in the U.S. state of Illinois, on the Mississippi River. The population was 1,233 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Valmeyer, Illinois
- **settlement type**: List of towns and villages in Illinois, Village
- **image skyline**: Valmeyer City Hall.jpg
- **image caption**: Valmeyer City Hall and Emergency Services
- **image map**: File:Monroe County Illinois Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Valmeyer Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Monroe County, Illinois
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin label**: Valmeyer
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Illinois
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name2**: Monroe County, Illinois, Monroe
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 9.08
- **area total sq mi**: 3.50
- **area land km2**: 8.93
- **area land sq mi**: 3.45
- **area water km2**: 0.14
- **area water sq mi**: 0.06
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 1233
- **population density km2**: 138.04
- **population density sq mi**: 357.49
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 62295
- **area code**: Area code 618, 618
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 17-77265