Ba'athist Syria

**Ba'athist Syria**, officially the **Syrian Arab Republic** (**SAR**), was the Syrian state between 1963 and 2024 under the one-party rule of the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. From 1971 until its collapse in 2024, it was ruled by the Assad family, and was therefore commonly referred to as the **Assad regime**.

## Related pages

- Ba'athist Iraq
- Neo-Ba'athism

## Infobox (former country)

- **conventional long name**: Syrian Arab Republic
- **common name**: Syria
- **native name**:

- **image flag**: File:Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958–1971), Flag of Syria (1980–2024).svg
- **image coat**:
- **symbol type**: Coat of arms of Ba'athist Syria, Coat of arms
(1980–2024)
- **year end**: 2024
- **year start**: 1963
- **flag type**: Flag of Syria#United Arab Republic and Ba'athist Syria, Flag
(1980–2024)
- **coa size**: 90
- **motto**:

"Unity, Freedom, Socialism"
- **national anthem**:

"Guardians of the Homeland"
- **capital**: Damascus
- **largest city**: Damascus
- **official languages**: Modern Standard Arabic, Arabic
- **ethnic groups**: 80–90% Arabs
9–10% Kurds
1–10% Ethnic groups in Syria, others
- **religion**: * 87% Islam in Syria, Islam
** 74% Sunni Islam
** 13% Alawites, Alawism and other Shia Islam
* 10% Christianity
* 3% Druze
- **p1**: Second Syrian Republic
- **flag p1**: Flag of Syria (1930–1958, 1961–1963).svg
- **s1**: Syria
- **flag s1**: Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg
- **government type**: Unitary state, Unitary Neo-Ba'athist One-party state, one-party presidential republic
* under a totalitarian military dictatorship (1963–1971)
* under a totalitarian Assadist Dynasty, hereditary dictatorship
(1971–2024)
- **title leader**: List of presidents of Syria, President
- **leader1**: Lu'ay al-Atassi
- **year leader1**: 1963 (first)
- **leader2**: Amin al-Hafiz
- **year leader2**: 1963–1966
- **leader3**: Nureddin al-Atassi
- **year leader3**: 1966–1970
- **leader4**: Ahmad al-Khatib (acting)
- **year leader4**: 1970–1971
- **leader5**: Hafez al-Assad
- **year leader6**: 2000
- **leader6**: Abdul Halim Khaddam (acting)
- **year leader7**: 2000–2024 (last)
- **leader7**: Bashar al-Assad
- **year leader5**: 1971–2000
- **title representative**: List of prime ministers of Syria, Prime Minister
- **representative1**: Khalid al-Azm
- **year representative1**: 1963 (first)
- **representative2**: Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali
- **year representative2**: 2024 (last)
- **title deputy**: Vice President of Syria, Vice President
- **deputy1**: Muhammad Umran
- **year deputy1**: 1963–1964 (first)
- **deputy2**: Najah al-Attar
- **year deputy2**: 2006–2024 (last)
- **deputy3**: Faisal Mekdad
- **year deputy3**: 2024 (last)
- **established event7**: 2012 Constitution of Ba'athist Syria, Last constitution
- **established date7**: 27 February 2012
- **area km2**: 185180
- **area rank**: 87th
- **area sq mi**: 71479
- **percent water**: 1.1
- **population estimate**: 25,000,753
- **population estimate year**: 2024
- **population density km2**: 118.3
- **population density sq mi**: 306.5
- **gdp ppp year**: 2015
- **gdp ppp per capita**: $2,900
- **gdp nominal year**: 2020
- **gdp nominal per capita**: $533
- **gini**: 26.6
- **gini year**: 2022
- **hdi**: 0.557
- **hdi year**: 2022
- **currency**: Syrian pound
- **currency code**: SYP
- **time zone**: Arabia Standard Time
- **utc offset**: +3
- **drives on**: Right
- **calling code**: Telephone numbers in Syria, +963
- **iso3166code**: SY
- **cctld**: .sy
سوريا.
- **demonym**: Syrian
- **date start**: 8 March
- **event start**: 1963 Syrian coup d'état, Ba'athist coup
- **event2**: Six-Day War
- **date event2**: 5–10 June 1967
- **event3**: Corrective Movement (Syria), Assadist coup
- **date event3**: 13–16 November 1970
- **event4**: Yom Kippur War
- **date event4**: 6–25 October 1973
- **event5**: Syrian occupation of Lebanon, Occupation of
Lebanon began
- **date event5**: 1 June 1976
- **event6**: Islamic uprising in Syria, Islamist uprising
- **date event6**: 1976–1982
- **date event7**: 2000–2001
- **date event8**: 30 April 2005
- **event9**: Syrian civil war, Civil war began
- **date event9**: 15 March 2011
- **event10**: 2012 Constitution of Ba'athist Syria, New constitution
- **date event10**: 26 February 2012
- **event end**: Fall of Damascus (2024), Fall of Damascus
- **date end**: 8 December