juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sind sparrow

The **Sind sparrow** (_Passer pyrrhonotus_), also known as the **Sind jungle sparrow**, **jungle sparrow**, or **rufous-backed sparrow**, is a passerine bird of the Passeridae sparrow family.

It lives around the Indus valley region of Pakistan and parts of the Republic of India.  Within its Indus valley breeding range in Pakistan and western India, the Sind sparrow lives in wetland habitats with thorny scrub and tall grass.
Jasminum officinale

***Jasminum officinale*** is the common Jasmine. It is in the family Oleaceae.
It is famous for its scent. It is also known as **Poet's Jasmine** or jessamine.

## Garden history

For thousands of years, the Jasmine has been cultivated not only for the beauty of its small, white, star-like flowers, but also  for its intoxicating scent.

It is native to the foothills of the Western Himalayas and the Indus Valley plains of the Pakistani Punjab. The plant was cultivated and brought to the rest of the Indian subcontinent, China, the Middle East and other regions of Asia. From there, it spread into France, Italy and the Mediterranean, and eventually it was introduced to the rest of Western Europe and Britain. Today, Jasmine is grown and cultivated all over the world in its many varieties.

Since Jasmine has been cultivated all over the world for its flowers and scent, there are different varieties, and each type of Jasmine is associated with different meanings. In Pakistan, Jasmine is a very common plant and one can find it in any garden. Because of its attractive scent, the white Jasmine symbolizes attachment and represents amiability and modesty; therefore, Jasmine is named as the National flower of Pakistan respectively.
Rodinia

**Rodinia**, meaning "homeland", is the name of a supercontinent. It had most or all of Earth's landmass when the Neoproterozoic era began.

Rodinia existed between 1.1 billion and 750 million years ago. It formed from parts of an older and poorly understood supercontinent.

Rodinia broke up in the first period of the Neoproterozoic, the Tonian. Later its continental fragments were re-assembled to form Pangaea 300250 million years ago. In contrast with Pangaea, little is known yet about the exact position and history of Rodinia.

The extreme cooling of the global climate around 700 million years ago (the so-called Snowball Earth of the Cryogenian period) and the rapid evolution of primitive life during the following Ediacaran and Cambrian periods may have been caused by the breaking up of Rodinia.

## Break-up

The break-up of Rodinia is understood better than its formation. Extensive flood basalt flows and volcanic eruptions of Neoproterozoic age are found on most continents. This is evidence for large scale rifting about 750 million years ago. As early as 850 and 800 million years ago, a rift developed, eventually becoming an ocean in the Ediacaran.

In a separate rifting event about 610 million years ago (halfway in the Ediacaran period), the Iapetus Ocean formed. It might be that all continental mass was again joined in one supercontinent between roughly 600 and 550 million years ago. This hypothetical supercontinent is called Pannotia.

## Its effect on life

Unlike later supercontinents, Rodinia itself was entirely barren. It existed before life colonized dry land. It was before the ozone layer formed, so Rodinia was too exposed to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight for organisms to live there and leave fossils. However, its existence probably affected the marine life of its time.

In the Cryogenian period, the Earth experienced large glaciations, and temperatures were at least as cool as today. Substantial areas of Rodinia may have been covered by glaciers or the southern polar ice cap.

The eventual rifting of the continents created new oceans, and seafloor spreading, which produces warmer, less-dense oceanic lithosphere. Due to its lower density, hot oceanic lithosphere does not lie so deep as old, cool oceanic lithosphere. In periods with relatively large areas of new lithosphere, the ocean floors come up, causing the sea level to rise. The result was a greater number of shallower seas.

The increased evaporation from the larger water area of the oceans may have increased rainfall, which, in turn, increased the weathering of exposed rock. This increased rainfall may have reduced greenhouse gas levels. When CO<sub>2</sub> level dropped, the period known as Snowball Earth began. Increased volcanic activity also introduced nutrients into the seas. This may have played an important role in the development of the earliest animals.
Vasile Blaga

**Vasile Blaga** (born 26 July 1956 in Petrileni) is a Romanian politician. He was a Speaker of the Upper Chamber of the Romanian Parliament, the Senate, a former Minister of Regional Development and Housing and twice former Minister of Administration and Internal Affairs.

On 28 November 2011, Blaga was appointed President of the Senate of Romania. He was removed as President of the Senate on July 3, 2012.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Vasile Blaga
- **image**: EPP Congress 7615 (8100155267).jpg
- **office**: President of the Senate of Romania
- **term start**: 29 November 2011
- **term end**: 3 July 2012
- **predecessor**: Mircea Geoană
- **successor**: Crin Antonescu
- **birth date**: 26 July 1956
- **birth place**: Petrileni, Bihor, Romania
- **party**: Democratic Liberal Party (Romania), Democratic Liberal Party
104.6 RTL

**104.6 RTL** is a German radio station. It first aired on 9 September, 1991. It broadcasts in Berlin and is aimed at the 14-49 age group. The studios are at the Kurfürstendamm in Berlin-Charlottenburg. In 2005 the radio channel was awarded the German Radio Award for the best morning show.
Kalisz

**Kalisz** is city in the central-western part of Poland in Greater Poland Voivodeship. In 2011, 105,386 people lived there.
Konin

**Konin** is a city in the central-western part of Poland.  It is in Greater Poland Voivodeship. In  2011, 78,209 people lived there.
Ole Knapp

**Ole Knapp** (8 November 1931 – 4 November 2015) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He was Minister of Industry from 1990 to 1992.
Okunino

**Okunino**  () is a village in Gmina Miastko, Bytów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is about  south-west of Bytów and  south-west of Gdańsk (capital city of the Pomeranian Voivodeship). From 1975 to 1998 the village was in Słupsk Voivodeship.

## References

- Map of the Gmina Miastko

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Okunino
- **settlement type**: Village
- **total type**:  
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Poland
- **subdivision type1**: Voivodeships of Poland, Voivodeship
- **subdivision name1**: Pomeranian Voivodeship, Pomeranian
- **subdivision type2**: Powiat, County
- **subdivision name2**: Bytów County, Bytów
- **subdivision type3**: Gmina
- **subdivision name3**: Gmina Miastko, Miastko
- **subdivision type4**: Sołectwo
- **subdivision name4**: Okunino-Kowalewice, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Kowalewice
- **pushpin map**: Poland
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
Resusci Anne

**Resusci Anne**, also known as **Rescue Anne**, **Resusci Annie** or **CPR Annie**, is a training mannequin used for teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).  It is for both emergency workers and members of the general public.  Resusci Anne was made by Norwegian toy maker Åsmund Laerdal. It was based on the research of Peter Safar and James Elam. It was first used in 1960.  The mannequin is made to be just like the human respiratory system and outer body in order to help training.

Since its first use, several different versions of Resusci Anne have been introduced.  These include versions with computer monitoring, and versions that seem like other emergency medical conditions, such as severe wounds and trauma.

Trainees using the original Resusci Anne were expected to approach the mannequin. After getting no response, the trainees then administered CPR to the mannequin. This system was meant to teach trainees that not all victims require CPR. If a victim can respond when asked if okay, the victim does not need CPR.

The face of Resusci Anne was based on _L'Inconnue de la Seine_. It was the death mask of an unidentified young woman who may have drowned in the Seine River around the late 1880s.
Viitasoo

**Viitasoo** is a village in Kõrgessaare Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Viitasoo
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Kõrgessaare Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Mpika District

**Mpika District** is a district of Zambia in the Northern Province. The capital is Mpika. As of the 2000 Zambian Census, the district had a population of 146,196 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mpika District
- **settlement type**: Districts of Zambia, District
- **image map**: Mpika District, Zambia 2022.png
- **mapsize**: 300px
- **map caption**: District location in Zambia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Zambia, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Muchinga Province, Zambia, Muchinga Province
- **subdivision type2**: Capital
- **subdivision name2**: Mpika
- **population as of**: 2000
- **population total**: 146196
- **timezone**: Central Africa Time, CAT
- **utc offset**: +2
Lalín

**Lalín** is a city in Galicia, Spain. It is in the northern part of the province of Pontevedra. Lalín is the capital of the region of Deza.

In 2014, there were 20,103 people living in the city.

## Other websites

- Concello de Lalín

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Lalín
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **image flag**: Bandera de Lalin.jpg
- **image shield**: Escudo de Lalín.svg
- **image map**: Situacion Lalín.PNG
- **map caption**: Location of Lalín
- **pushpin map**: Spain
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Spain
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Pontevedra (province), Pontevedra
- **area total km2**: 326.83
- **population total**: 20103
- **population demonym**: Lalinense
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Spain, Official language(s)
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Spain, Postal code
- **postal code**: 36500
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Spain, Dialing code
- **leader title**: Alcalde
- **leader name**: Xosé Crespo Iglesias
- **leader party**: Partido Popular de Galicia, PPdeG
Gmina Mysłakowice

**Gmina Mysłakowice** is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Jelenia Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the village of Mysłakowice, which is about  southeast of Jelenia Góra and  west of the regional capital Wrocław.

The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 9,990.

## Neighbouring gminas

Gmina Mysłakowice is bordered by the towns of Jelenia Góra and Kowary and the gminas of Janowice Wielkie, Kamienna Góra and Podgórzyn.

## Villages

The gmina contains the villages of Bukowiec, Dąbrowica, Gruszków, Karpniki, Kostrzyca, Krogulec, Łomnica, Mysłakowice, Strużnica and Wojanów.

## References

- Polish official population figures 2006

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Gmina Mysłakowice
- **other name**: Mysłakowice Commune
- **settlement type**: Gmina
- **image shield**: POL gmina Mysłakowice COA.svg
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Poland
- **subdivision type1**: Voivodeships of Poland, Voivodeship
- **subdivision name1**: Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Lower Silesian
- **subdivision type2**: Powiat, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jelenia Góra County
- **coor pinpoint**: Mysłakowice
- **parts type**: Sołectwos
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Bukowiec, Jelenia Góra County, Bukowiec
- **p2**: Dąbrowica, Jelenia Góra County, Dąbrowica
- **p3**: Gruszków, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Gruszków
- **p4**: Karpniki
- **p5**: Kostrzyca, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Kostrzyca
- **p6**: Krogulec, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Krogulec
- **p7**: Łomnica, Jelenia Góra County, Łomnica
- **p8**: Mysłakowice
- **p9**: Strużnica
- **p10**: Wojanów
- **area total km2**: 88.75
- **seat**: Mysłakowice
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 9990
- **population density km2**: auto
- **website**: http://www.myslakowice.pl
Bkonni Department

**Bkonni** is a department of the Tahoua Region in Niger. Its capital is Birni-N'Konni.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bkonni
- **settlement type**: Department
- **other name**: Birni N'konni
- **image map**: Tahoua Region departments crop.png
- **mapsize**: 220px
- **map caption**: Bkonni Department location in the region
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**:  Niger
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Niger, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Tahoua Region
- **seat type**: Departmental
- **seat**: Bkonni
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 5317
- **population as of**: 2001
- **population total**: 363176
- **timezone**: GMT 1
- **utc offset**: +1
Charles Oakley

**Charles Oakley** (born December 18, 1963) is a retired American NBA basketball player. Oakley played for the Chicago Bulls, New York Knicks, Toronto Raptors, Washington Wizards and Houston Rockets.

## Infobox (basketball biography)

- **name**: Charles Oakley
- **image**: Charles Oakley Lipofskydotcom-12629.jpg
- **width**: 200
- **position**: Power forward (basketball), Power forward / Center (basketball), Center
- **number**: 34, 33
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 9
- **weight lbs**: 245
- **birth place**: Cleveland, Ohio
- **nationality**: American
- **high school**: John Hay High School, John Hay
(Cleveland, Ohio)
- **college**: Virginia Union University#Men's basketball, Virginia Union (1981–1985)
- **debutyear**: 1985
- **finalyear**: 2004
- **draft year**: 1985
- **draft round**: 1
- **draft pick**: 9
- **draft team**: Cleveland Cavaliers
- **years1**: 1985–86 NBA season, 1985–1987–88 NBA season, 1988
- **team1**: Chicago Bulls
- **years2**: 1988–89 NBA season, 1988–1997–98 NBA season, 1998
- **team2**: New York Knicks
- **years3**: 1998–99 NBA season, 1998–2000–01 NBA season, 2001
- **team3**: Toronto Raptors
- **years4**: 2001–02 NBA season, 2001–2002
- **team4**: Chicago Bulls
- **years5**: 2002–03 NBA season, 2002–2003
- **team5**: Washington Wizards
- **years6**: 2003–04 NBA season, 2004
- **team6**: Houston Rockets
- **stat1label**: Point (basketball), Points
- **stat1value**: 12,417 (9.7 ppg)
- **stat2label**: Rebound (basketball), Rebound
- **stat2value**: 12,205 (9.5 rpg)
- **stat3label**: Assist (basketball), Assists
- **stat3value**: 3,217 (2.5 apg)
- **highlights**: * NBA All-Defensive Team, NBA All-Defensive First Team ()
* NBA All-Defensive Second Team ()
* NBA All-Rookie Team, NBA All-Rookie First Team ()
* List of NBA All-Stars, NBA All-Star (1994 NBA All-Star Game, 1994)
Rod Steiger

**Rodney Stephen "Rod" Steiger** (April 14, 1925 – July 9, 2002) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, and voice actor. He was known for his roles in: _In the Heat of the Night_, _On the Waterfront_, _The Pawnbroker_, _Doctor Zhivago_, _Oklahoma!_, _A Fistful of Dynamite_, and in _Mars Attacks!_. He won two BAFTA Awards, one Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award.

Steiger was born on April 14, 1925 in Westhampton, New York. He studied at the Actor's Studio.

He was married to Sally Gracie from 1952 until they divorced in 1958. Then he was married to Clarie Bloom from 1959 until they divorced in 1969. Thirdly he was married to Sherry Nelson from 1973 until they divorced in 1979. Then he was married to Paula Ellis from 1986 until they divorced in 1997. He was married to Joan Benedict from 2000 until his death in 2002. With Bloom he has a daughter, Anna Steiger. With Ellis he has a son, Michael Steiger.

Steiger died on July 9, 2002 in Los Angeles, California from pneumonia and kidney failure after having gallbladder cancer-related surgery, aged 77. He was later buried at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Hollywood Hills, California.
Ralph Lauren

**Ralph Lauren**  (born **Ralph Lifshitz**; October 14, 1939) is an American fashion designer and business executive, best known for his Polo Ralph Lauren clothing brand.

## Career

Lauren named his first full line of menswear 'Polo' in 1968. He worked out of a single "drawer" from a showroom in the Empire State Building and made deliveries to stores himself. By 1969, the Manhattan department store Bloomingdale's sold Lauren's men's line.

In 1971, Ralph Lauren Corporation created a line of tailored shirts for women, which had the Polo player emblem for the first time, appearing on the shirt's cuff. The first full women's collection was released the following year. In 1971 Lauren also opened a store on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills, California; this was the first freestanding store for an American designer.

In 1972, the Ralph Lauren Corporation created a Polo shirt with many colors. It had the polo player logo at the chest, the shirt became one of Ralph Lauren's best known styles.

## Personal life

Lauren was born on October 14, 1939 in The Bronx, New York to Russian parents. He studied at Baruch College. He has been married to Ricky Anne Low-Beer since 1964. They have seven children. His son, David, was married to the granddaughter of George H. W. Bush.

## Honors

In 2016, Vogue reported that Lauren was to receive an award for Outstanding Achievement at the Fashion Awards- British Fashion Council.

In January 2025, Lauren was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Joe Biden, becoming the first fashion designer to receive the honor.

## Other websites

- Ralph Lauren Web Site

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific suffix**: Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, KBE
- **name**: Ralph Lauren
- **image**: Ralph Lauren 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Lauren in 2013
- **birth name**: Ralph Lifshitz
- **birth place**: The Bronx, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **alma mater**: Baruch College
- **net worth**: United States dollar, US$5.9 billion (May 2020)
- **occupation**: Executive Chairman, Ralph Lauren Corporation
- **boards**: Ralph Lauren Corporation
Club Monaco
- **children**: 3, including Dylan Lauren, Dylan and David Lauren
Ethel Kennedy

**Ethel Kennedy** (née **Skakel**; April 11, 1928 – October 10, 2024) was an American activist and politician. She was the widow of Robert F. Kennedy. She had eleven children together; including Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Christopher G. Kennedy, Joseph P. Kennedy II and Rory Kennedy.

Skakel was born on April 11, 1928 in Chicago, Illinois. She studied at Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart in 1945.

Skakel met Robert while he was dating her sister. On June 17, 1950, Robert and Ethel married in Greenwich, Connecticut. They had eleven children. Two of their children died.

In 1968, shortly after her husband's assassination, Kennedy founded the non-profit organization Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights.

Kennedy supported Barack Obama during his 2008 campaign.

On October 3, 2024, Kennedy was hospitalized after suffering a stroke in her sleep. She died one week later on October 10, 2024 in Boston, Massachusetts at the age of 96.

## Other websites

- _American Experience_: RFK People & Events —From PBS

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: 3W-0159-Edit (CMYK) - Ethel Kennedy (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Kennedy in 1968
- **birth name**: Ethel Skakel
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **education**: Manhattanville College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **relatives**: Kennedy family
Konin (disambiguation)

**Konin** is a city in central Poland.

**Konin** may also mean:

- , 49th Japanese monarch who reigned 770–781
- Konin, Łódź Voivodeship, a village in central Poland
- Konin, Lubusz Voivodeship, a village in west Poland
- Konin, Nowy Tomyśl County, a village in Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
- Konin, Silesian Voivodeship, a village in south Poland
- , a Japanese era name for the years 810–824
Sirhan Sirhan

**Sirhan Bishara Sirhan** (born March 19, 1944) is a Palestinian with Jordanian citizenship. He was born in Jerusalem. He shot and killed U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy on June 6, 1968. He is serving his life sentence in Pleasant Valley State Prison in Coalinga, California.

On August 30, 2019, Sirhan was stabbed multiple times by another prisoner.

## Other websites

- Crime Library biography
- Interview with Sirhan's attorney Lawrence Teeter on KPFA 94.1 / Guns & Butter show

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Sirhan Sirhan
سرحان بشارة سرحان
- **image name**: Sirhan Sirhan in 2021.jpg
- **image caption**: Sirhan Sirhan mugshot in 2021
- **birth name**: Sirhan Bishara Sirhan
- **birth place**: Jerusalem, Palestine, Mandatory Palestine
- **occupation**: Groom
- **conviction**: First-degree murder, assault with a deadly weapon with intent to commit murder (5 counts)
- **conviction penalty**: Death; commuted to life imprisonment in 1972
- **conviction status**: Incarcerated at Richard J. Donovan Correctional Facility in San Diego County, California
Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy

**The assassination of Robert F. Kennedy**, a U.S. Senator and brother of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, who had been assassinated himself in 1963, took place shortly after midnight on June 5, 1968, in Los Angeles, California. He had just won the state's presidential orimary.

Kennedy was shot as he walked through the kitchen of the city's Ambassador Hotel and died at the Good Samaritan Hospital on June 6 during the operation to remove the bullet and bone fragments from his brain. Sirhan Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian immigrant, was found guilty for Kennedy's murder and is now serving a life sentence for the assassination. As of 2011, Kennedy and Huey Long are the only U.S. Senators to be killed while in office.

## Other websites

- Mary Ferrell Foundation - RFK Assassination Documents – LAPD and FBI investigation files and the trial transcript at the Mary Ferrell Foundation
- FBI file on the RFK assassination
Eunice Kennedy Shriver

**Eunice Mary Kennedy Shriver**, DSG (July 10, 1921 – August 11, 2009), was a member of the Kennedy family and a sister of President John F. Kennedy and Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy.

## Early life

Kennedy was born on July 10, 1921 in Brookline, Massachusetts to Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and to Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. She studied at Manhattanville College and at Stanford University.

## Personal life

Kennedy was married to Sargent Shriver from 1953 until her death. They had five children.

She died on August 11, 2009 in Hyannis, Massachusetts, after a stroke, at the age od 88. Her husband, Sargent Shriver, died on January 18, 2011 in Bethesda, Maryland.

## Related pages

- Kennedy family

## Other websites

- eunicekennedyshriver.org , Shriver's official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Eunice Kennedy Shriver
<small>Order of St. Gregory the Great, DSG</small>
- **image**: Eunice-Kennedy.jpg
- **birth name**: Eunice Mary Kennedy
- **death cause**: Stroke
- **resting place**: St. Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Church parish cemetery
Centerville, Massachusetts, Centerville, Massachusetts, United States
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **education**: Manhattanville College
- **alma mater**: Stanford University
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Sargent Shriver, Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr.
(m. 1953–2009, her death)
- **parents**: Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
Rose Kennedy (_née_ Fitzgerald)
- **children**: Bobby Shriver, Robert Sargent Shriver III
Maria Shriver, Maria Owings Shriver
Timothy Shriver, Timothy Perry Shriver
Mark Shriver, Mark Kennedy Shriver
Anthony Shriver, Anthony Paul Kennedy Shriver
- **relatives**: Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. <small>(brother)</small>
John F. Kennedy <small>(brother)</small>
Rosemary Kennedy <small>(sister)</small>
Kathleen Agnes Kennedy <small>(sister)</small>
Patricia Kennedy Lawford <small>(sister)</small>
Robert F. Kennedy <small>(brother)</small>
Jean Kennedy Smith <small>(sister)</small>
Ted Kennedy <small>(brother)</small>
- **website**: [http://www.eunicekennedyshriver.org eunicekennedyshriver.org]
Lists of United States state symbols

The following are lists of U.S. state and territory symbols.

### Insignia

- Insignia
- Coats of arms
- Colors
- Flags
    - Governor standards
- Mottos
- Nicknames
- Seals
    - Governor seals

### Flora and fauna

- Amphibians
- Bats
- Birds
- Butterflies
- Cacti
- Crustaceans
- Dinosaurs
- Dog breeds
- Fish
- Flowers
- Grasses
- Horse breeds
- Insects
- Mammals
- Microbes
- Mushrooms
- Pets
- Plants
- Reptiles
- Seashells
- Trees

### Geology

- Fossils
- Minerals, rocks, stones, and gemstones
- Soils

### Other

- Commemorative quarter-dollar coins
- Dances
- Firearms
- Foods
    - Beverages
- Highway route markers
- Motor vehicle license plates
- Musical instruments
- Poems
- Ships
- Songs
- Sports
- Tartans
- Toys

## Lists by state, territory, and district

- Alabama
- Alaska
- American Samoa
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Guam
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Northern Mariana Islands
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Puerto Rico
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- U.S. Virgin Islands
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.

**Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy, Sr.** (September 6, 1888 – November 18, 1969) was a prominent American businessman, politician, investor, and government official. He served as the first chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission from 1934 through 1935.

Kennedy was the husband of Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. Their children included President John F. Kennedy (1917–1963), Senator Robert F. Kennedy (1925–1968), and longtime Senator Ted Kennedy (1932–2009). He served as the first chairman of the Maritime Commission from 1936 through 1938.

Kennedy served as the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 until late 1940, including the early part of World War II.

He died on November 18, 1969, two months after his 81st birthday. Joe Kennedy outlived three of his four sons; Ted would die nearly forty years later.

## Early life

Kennedy was born on September 6, 1888 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the eldest son of businessman and politician P. J. Kennedy (1858-1929) and Mary Augusta Hickey (1857-1923). He studied at the Boston Latin School and at Harvard College.

## Personal life

In 1914 he married Rose Fitzgerald. They were married until his death in 1969. They had nine children. Kennedy had an affair with Gloria Swanson.

## Death

Kennedy died on November 18, 1969 in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts from a stroke, aged 81.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
- **image**: Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. 1938.jpg
- **office**: United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom
- **president**: Franklin D. Roosevelt
- **term start**: March 8, 1938
- **term end**: October 22, 1940
- **predecessor**: Robert Worth Bingham
- **successor**: John G. Winant
- **office1**: 1st Chair of the United States Maritime Commission, U.S. Maritime Commission
- **president1**: Franklin D. Roosevelt
- **term start1**: April 14, 1937
- **term end1**: February 19, 1938
- **predecessor1**: Position established
- **successor1**: Emory S. Land
- **office2**: 1st Chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
- **president2**: Franklin D. Roosevelt
- **term start2**: June 30, 1934
- **term end2**: September 23, 1935
- **predecessor2**: Position established
- **successor2**: James M. Landis
- **birth name**: Joseph Patrick Kennedy
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death place**: Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **restingplace**: Holyhood Cemetery
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **parents**: P. J. Kennedy
Mary Augusta Hickey
- **relatives**: _See Kennedy family_
- **education**: Harvard University
- **signature**: Joseph P Kennedy Signature.svg
- **monarch**: George VI
Shinya Yamanaka

**Shinya Yamanaka**  (born 4 September 1962 in Osaka) is a Japanese physician. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2012 with John Gurdon. He won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 2011 with Rudolf Jaenisch; and the Millennium Technology Prize in 2012 together with Linus Torvalds.

He researches into adult stem cells. He is director of Center for iPS Cell Research and Application and a professor at the Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences at Kyoto University. He is also a senior investigator at the UCSF-affiliated J. David Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco, California; and a professor of anatomy at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Yamanaka is also the current president of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR).

Awards: He won a Nobel Prize. He won the Balzan Prize (2010).

## What he did

In development, embryonic stem cells can turn into any tissue. Fibroblasts in the skin are one type of cell.
In 2006, Yamanaka and his team took adult mouse fibroblasts and turned them back into stem cells in tissue culture. The changed cells are known as 'induced pluripotent stem cells' (iPS cells). iPS cells are like embryonic stem cells from a blastocyst (the embryo a few days after fertilization).

The procedure used transfection of some stem cell-associated genes into the adult fibroblasts.  The transfected genes include the master transcriptional regulators. Transfection is typically done with viral vectors, such as retroviruses.

The team could show that the iPS cells were pluripotent (capable of generating all cell lineages of the body). Soon they grew mice which included iPS cells. In 2007, he and his team generated iPS cells from _human_ adult fibroblasts, again the first group to do so.  The main medical application will be replacement of faulty or damaged tissues in humans. This is not available at present. An independent assessment of this field is available.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Shinya Yamanaka
- **image**: Shinya Yamanaka, 20130224.jpg
- **caption**: Shinya Yamanaka in 2013
- **birth place**: Higashiōsaka Osaka, Japan
- **nationality**: Japanese
- **fields**: stem cell research
- **workplaces**: Kyoto University, Gladstone Institute, University of California (UCSF)
- **alma mater**: Kobe University
 Osaka City University
- **known for**: Induced pluripotent stem cell
- **awards**: Robert Koch Prize (2008)
 Shaw Prize (2008)
 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research, Albert Lasker Award (2009)
Wolf Prize (2011)
Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences  (2012)
Millennium Technology Prize (2012)
 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2012)
United People's Democratic Front

**United People's Democratic Front** (UPDF) is a regional political party based in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: United People's Democratic Front
- **native name**: ইউনাইটেড পিপলস ডেমোক্রেটিক ফ্রন্ট
- **native name lang**: bn
- **colorcode**: #175684
- **abbreviation**: UPDF
- **president**: Prasit Bikash Khisa
- **general secretary**: Rabi Shankar Chakma
- **headquarters**: Chittagong Hill Tracts
- **ideology**: Autonomism (political doctrine), Autonomism
- **split**: Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti
- **colors**: Blue
- **seats1 title**: Jatiyo Sangsad, Seats in the Jatiyo Sangsad
- **flag**: United Peoples Democratic Front flag.svg
- **symbol**: Bow and arrow
- **country**: Bangladesh
Vallisneria

***Vallisneria*** is a genus of freshwater aquatic plant. It is often called **eelgrass**, **tape grass** or **vallis**. It grows submereged in water. It has thin leaves like a ribbon, which allow water currents to pass through without damaging the leaves.
Blacy, Yonne

**Blacy** is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Yonne department

## References

- INSEE

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Blacy
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mairie de Blacy (Yonne, France).jpg
- **insee**: 89043
- **postal code**: 89440
- **arrondissement**: Avallon
- **canton**: Chablis
- **elevation min m**: 197
- **elevation max m**: 331
- **area km2**: 9.06
- **population**: 108
- **population date**: 2006
Nervesa della Battaglia

**Nervesa della Battaglia** is a _comune_ (municipality) in the Province of Treviso in the Italian region Veneto, located about 45 km north of Venice and about 20 km north of Treviso.

Sites include the remains of the Abbey of Sant'Eustachio, near the Piave river, which reached its apex in the 13th century. It was abandoned in 1865, and heavily damaged during the Battle of the Piave River in World War I. Another disappeared convent is the Charterhouse of San Girolamo, located on the Montello hill.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Proloco Nervesa

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Nervesa della Battaglia
- **official name**: Comune di Nervesa della Battaglia
- **image skyline**: Abbazia.jpg
- **image caption**: Remains of the Abbey of Sant'Eustachio.
- **image shield**: Stemma Comune Di Nervesa.jpg
- **shield size**: px
- **region**: Veneto
- **province**: Province of Treviso, Treviso (TV)
- **frazioni**: Sovilla, Bidasio
- **mayor**: Fiorenzo Berton
- **area total km2**: 35.6
- **population total**: 7004
- **population as of**: 30 April 2008
- **population demonym**: Nervesani
- **elevation m**: 78
- **saint**: St. Jerome
- **day**: 30 September
- **postal code**: 31040
- **area code**: 0422
Boreal forest of Canada

Canada's **boreal forest** comprises about one third of the circumpolar boreal forest that rings the northern hemisphere, mostly north of the 50th parallel.
Tye Went

**Tye Went** is a hamlet in Edwardstone, Babergh, Suffolk, England.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Tye Went
- **shire district**: Babergh
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
Denmark at the 1968 Summer Paralympics

**Denmark** sent a delegation to the **1968 Summer Paralympics** in Tel Aviv, Israel from November 4 to 13, 1968.
Eight athletes from Denmark competed, seven men and one women. The team did not win any medals.

## Infobox (country at games)

- **npc**: DEN
- **npcname**: Paralympic Committee Denmark
- **games**: Summer Paralympics
- **year**: 1968
- **oldcode**: DIN
- **location**: Tel Aviv
- **competitors**: 8
- **gold**: 0
- **silver**: 0
- **bronze**: 0
- **appearances**: auto
- **app begin year**: 1968
Denmark at the 1976 Summer Paralympics

Denmark sent a team for the **1976 Summer Paralympics** in Toronto, Canada. Its athletes finished twenty fourth in the overall medal count.

## Infobox (country at games)

- **npc**: DEN
- **npcname**: Paralympic Committee Denmark
- **games**: Summer Paralympics
- **year**: 1976
- **location**: Toronto
- **rank**: 24
- **gold**: 3
- **silver**: 0
- **bronze**: 3
- **appearances**: auto
- **app begin year**: 1968
Denmark at the 1996 Summer Paralympics

45 athletes (25 men and 20 women) from **Denmark** competed at the **1996 Summer Paralympics** in Atlanta, United States. Denmark won no medals.

## Infobox (country at games)

- **npc**: DEN
- **npcname**: Paralympic Committee Denmark
- **games**: Summer Paralympics
- **year**: 1996
- **location**: Atlanta, Georgia, Atlanta
- **competitors**: 45 (25 men and 20 women)
- **rank**: 24
- **gold**: 7
- **silver**: 17
- **bronze**: 17
- **appearances**: auto
- **app begin year**: 1968
Adar, Iran

**Adar** (, also Romanized as **Ādār**; also known as **Adād** and **Āvār**) is a village in Hesar-e Valiyeasr Rural District, Avaj District, Buin Zahra County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 388, in 82 families.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Adar
- **native name**: ادار
- **settlement type**: village
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Qazvin Province, Qazvin
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Avaj County, Avaj
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Avaj County), Central
- **subdivision type4**: Rural Districts of Iran, Rural District
- **subdivision name4**: Hesar-e Valiyeasr Rural District, Hesar-e Valiyeasr
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 388
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy

**Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald Kennedy** (July 22, 1890 – January 22, 1995) was an American philanthropist and socialite. She was the wife of the businessman amd politician Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. Their nine children included President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and longtime Senator Ted Kennedy.

She outlived four of her children and her husband.

## Early life

Kennedy was born on July 22, 1890 in Boston, Massachusetts.

She studied at Dorchester High School, at the New England Conservatory, at Wellesley College, and at the Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart.

### Marriage

On October 7, 1914, she married Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr..

### Children

They had 9 children:
- Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. (1915-1944)
- John F. Kennedy (1917-1963)
- Rosemary Kennedy (1918-2005)
- Kathleen Kennedy Cavendish (1920-1948)
- Eunice Kennedy (1921-2009)
- Patricia Kennedy Lawford (1924-2006)
- Robert F. Kennedy (1925-1968)
- Jean Kennedy Smith (1928-2020)
- Ted Kennedy (1932-2009)

## Death

Kennedy died on January 22, 1995 in Hyannis, Massachusetts, from pneumonia, aged 104.

## Infobox (noble)

- **name**: Rose Kennedy
- **title**: Papal nobility, Countess of the Holy Roman Church
- **image**: Rose Kennedy 1967.JPG
- **caption**: Kennedy  1967
- **birth name**: Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death place**: Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **burial place**: Holyhood Cemetery
Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **known for**: Kennedy family matriarch
- **parents**: John F. Fitzgerald, John Francis Fitzgerald
Mary Josephine Hannon
- **issue-type**: Children
- **signature**: Rose Kennedy Signature.svg
Jack Ruby

**Jacob Leon "Jack" Rubenstein** (March 25, 1911 – January 3, 1967) was an American criminal. Ruby was born on March 25, 1911 in Chicago, Illinois.  On November 24, 1963, Ruby fatally shot Lee Harvey Oswald, who was in police custody after being charged with assassinating U.S. President John F. Kennedy two days earlier. Ruby was convicted of murdering Oswald, but the conviction was overturned. He continued to be held in prison while awaiting retrial. The retrial did not happen because he died on January 3, 1967 at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas from lung cancer and a pulmonary embolism, aged 55.

Ruby is buried in Westlawn Cemetery in Norridge, Illinois.

## Other websites

- In Defense of Jack Ruby
- Jack Ruby: Dallas' Original J.R.
Oliver North

**Oliver Laurence North** (born October 7, 1943) or **Ollie North** is a retired United States Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel, political commentator, television host, military historian, and New York Times best-selling author. He is currently the host of War Stories with Oliver North on Fox News Channel.

In 2018, North became the President of the National Rifle Association of America (NRA).

North was at the center of national attention during the Iran–Contra affair, a political scandal in the late 1980s during the presidency of Ronald Reagan. Some people say North took the blame and punishment rather than Reagan.

North was born on October 7, 1943 in San Antonio, Texas. North grew up in Philmont, New York. He studied at State University of New York at Brockport. He has been married to Betsy Stuart since 1987.

## Other websites

- Podcasts of North's recent articles
George Sanders

**George Henry Sanders** (3 July 1906 – 25 April 1972) was a British actor and singer whose career spanned over 40 years. He was known for his roles in _All About Eve_, _Rebecca_, and _The Jungle Book_. He was also known for his television role as Mr. Freeze in _Batman_. His brother was actor Tom Conway. He won an Academy Award.

Sanders was born on 3 July 1906, in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire to English parents. Sanders was raised in Brighton, Sussex, England. He studied at Brighton College and at Manchester Technical College.

Sanders was married to Susan Larson from 1940 until they divorced in 1949. He was married to Zsa Zsa Gabor from 1949 until they divorced in 1954. Then he was married to Benita Hume from 1959 until they divorced in 1967. He was last married to Magda Gabor from 1970 until they divorced in 1971. He was partners with Lorraine Chanel from 1968 until his death in 1972. He had no children.

Sanders committed suicide using barbiturates on April 25, 1972, in his hotel room in Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain. His cremated ashes were scattered at the English Channel.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: George Sanders
- **image**: George Sanders Allan Warren.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait of Sanders by Allan Warren, 1972
- **death place**: Castelldefels, Barcelona, Francoist Spain
- **alma mater**: University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester Technical College
- **years active**: 1929–1972
- **spouse**:

- **relatives**: Tom Conway (brother)
- **partner**: Lorraine Chanel (1968–72; his death)
Johnny Gottselig

**John Gottselig** (24 June 1906 - 15 May 1986) was a professional ice hockey centre that played a combined 16 seasons  with the Chicago Black Hawks of the NHL.

Gottselig was only the second player born in the Russian Empire to play in the NHL. During his time with the Black Hawks, he won the Stanley Cup two time, once in 1934 and once in 1938. He was named the captain of the Black Hawks during the time that they won their second Stanley Cup. He retired in 1945 and became the coach of the Black Hawks in 1944. This made him the first European-born head coach in NHL history. He was also the Director of Public Relations for the Black Hawks when they won the Stanley Cup in 1961. His name wasn't engraved on the cup but he was included on the team.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Left Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 158
- **birth place**: Odessa, Russian Empire
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States, USA
- **career start**: 1928
- **career end**: 1945
Tom Conway

**Thomas Charles Sanders** ("Tom Conway", September 15, 1904 – April 22, 1967) was an English movie, television, voice, stage, and radio actor. He was known for his roles in _101 Dalmatians_, _Peter Pan_, _Cat People_, _I Walked with a Zombie_, and in _The Seventh Victim_. He was the older brother of actor George Sanders.

Conway was born on September 15, 1904 in St. Petersburg, Russia to English parents. He was raised in Bringhton, England, and studied at Brighton College.

He was married to Lillian Eggers from 1941 until they divorced in 1953. Then he was married to Queenie Leonard from 1958 until they divorced in 1963. Conway had no children.

Conway died on April 22, 1967 in Culver City, California from cirrhosis of the liver, aged 62.
Ciudad Victoria

**Ciudad Victoria** (), is the capital of the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It is also the municipal seat of Victoria Municipality.

## Other websites

- Dirección de Tecnología
- Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria
- Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: _Ciudad Victoria_
Victoria City
- **name**: Ciudad Victoria
- **image skyline**: Lluvia de luces en la ciudad (5838590216).jpg
- **image shield**: Victoria Tamaulipas escudo.jpg
- **shield size**: 90px
- **pushpin map**: Mexico
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: States of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tamaulipas
- **subdivision type2**: Municipality
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Miguel Ángel González Salum
- **established title**: Foundation
- **established date**: October 6, 1750
- **area total km2**: 188
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 305,155
- **population metro**: 321,953
- **population blank1 title**: Demonym
- **population blank1**: Victorense
- **timezone**: Central Standard Time, CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation m**: 316 m
- **elevation ft**: 1,040 ft
- **postal code**: 87000
- **website**: http://www.ciudadvictoria.gob.mx
Magda Gabor

**Magdolna "Magda" Gabor** (June 11, 1915 – June 6, 1997) was a Hungarian-American movie, television, stage, voice, and radio actress and socialite. She was the elder sister of Zsa Zsa Gabor and Eva Gabor.

Gabor was born on June 11, 1915 in Budapest, Austria-Hungary. She was married to Jan Bychowski from 1937 until he died in 1944. Then she was married to William Rankin from 1946 until they divorced in 1947. Then she was married to Sidney R. Warren from 1947 until they divorced in 1950. Then she was married to Arthur Gallucci from 1956 until they divorced in 1957. Then she was married to George Sanders from 1970 until they divorced in 1971. She was last married to Tibor Heltai from 1972 until they divorced in 1973.

Gabor died on June 6, 1997 in Palm Springs, California from renal failure, aged 81. She was later buried at Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, California.

## Other websites

- Gabor family website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Magda Gabor
- **birth name**: Gábor Magdolna
- **birth place**: Budapest, Austria-Hungary (present-day Hungary)
- **death place**: Palm Springs, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Renal failure
- **spouse**: Jan Bychowski
(1937-1946)
William Rankin
(1946-1947)
Sidney Robert Warren
(1947-1950)
Arthur Gallucci
(1956-1957)
George Sanders
(1970-1971; annulled)
Tibor Heltai
(1972-1973)
- **occupation**: Actress, socialite
- **years active**: 1937–1991
- **parents**: Jolie Gabor, Jolie and Vilmos Gábor
- **relatives**: Zsa Zsa Gabor (sister)
Eva Gabor (sister, dead)
Michael Dorn

**Michael Dorn** (born December 9, 1952) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is best known for his role as the Klingon Worf in _Star Trek: The Next Generation_.

Dorn was born on December 9, 1952 in Luling, Texas. He studied at Pasadena City College.
John O'Hurley

**John George O'Hurley** (born October 9, 1954) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for his role as J. Peterman in _Seinfeld_.

O'Hurley was born on October 9, 1954 in Kittery, Maine. He studied at Kingswood-Oxford School and at Providence College. O'Hurley was married to Eva LaRue from 1992 until they divorced in 1994. He has been married to Lisa Mesloh since 2004. With Mesloh, he has a son.

He was the host of _Family Feud_ from 2006 to 2010. He left the show in 2010 and was replaced by Steve Harvey.

## Other websites

- The official John O'Hurley web site