juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Christian Democratic Appeal

The **Christian Democratic Appeal**,  (shortened _CDA_), is a political party in the Netherlands. It was the merger of three major former political parties: Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), Christian Historical Union (CHU) and Catholic People's Party (KVP).

The CDA was officially founded on 11 October 1980 as a result of the merger of three old Christian parties: the originally Reformed Christelijk-Historische Unie (CHU), the Reformed Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), and the Catholic People's Party (KVP), which were also known as 'the three major confessional parties.' The creator of the new alliance was Piet Steenkamp. However, the three parties had already been in talks about this since 1967, within the Group of Eighteen, which included representatives from the respective parties. The main point of discussion was the concept of 'Christian politics.' From 1918 to 1980, these separate parties were almost continuously part of the government. The CDA has been represented in the House of Representatives since 1977 and has held government responsibility, except during the purple cabinets under Kok between 1994 and 2002 and the Rutte II cabinet (2012-2017).

From 1982 to 2006, the party was very popular in the Netherlands. Their support was strongest in the 1986, 1989, 2002, 2003 and 2006 elections. In the 2010 elections, they lost 20 seats and received less than half of the votes from the previous election. In the 2012 elections, they received 801,620 and lost 8 more seats. In the 2017 elections they won 19 seats (+6), in the 2021 elections 15 (-4), and in the 2023 elections 5 (-10).

The party supports Christian democracy. The party can also have Jewish, Muslim and Hindu members of parliament. The party heavily supports the European Union and environmentalism. They call themselves a moderate party, but they have been in an alliance with the centre-right People's Party for Freedom and Democracy. The CDA believes that the toleration of "soft drugs" like marijuana should stop, and practices like abortion and prostitution should be limited. They also want a more friendly and open immigration policy. However, they do want immigrants to integrate into Dutch culture.

On 12 June 2021, MP Pieter Omtzigt left the CDA and became an independent politician.

## Political leaders

- Dries van Agt - 1976-1982
- Ruud Lubbers - 1982-1994
- Elco Brinkman - 1994
- Enneüs Heerma - 1994-1997
- Jaap de Hoop Scheffer - 1997-2001
- Jan Peter Balkenende - 2001-2010
- Maxime Verhagen - 2010-2012
- Sybrand van Haersma Buma - 2012-2019
- Pieter Heerma - 2019-2020 (actually only parliamentary leader)
- Hugo de Jonge - 2020
- Wopke Hoekstra - 2020-2023
- Henri Bontenbal - 2023-

## Other websites

- Website of the Christian Democratic Appeal
Democrats 66

**Democrats 66**, , official name: _Politieke Partij Democraten 66_ (shortened **D66**), is a social liberal and progressive political party in the Netherlands.

The party was formed on 14 October 1966 by a group of young academics led by Hans van Mierlo. The party had their most success in the 1994 election, where they won 24 out of 150 seats. In the 2010 elections, they received 654,167 votes and won 10 seats. In the 2012 elections they received 757,091 votes and won 12 seats. In the 2017 elections they won 19 seats (+7), in the 2021 election 24 (+5), and in the 2023 elections 9 (-15). In the 2025 election, the party achieved its best ever result, winning 26 seats (+17) and is likely to lead the next government.

D66 is very supportive of the European Union. They historically supported the legalization of gay marriage, prostitution, and euthanasia. The party supports environmentalism and wants a mixed economy. D66 wants tax-cuts for the lower and middle classes. They also want direct democracy.

## Political leaders

- Hans van Mierlo - 1966–1973
- Jan Terlouw - 1973–1982
- Laurens Jan Brinkhorst - 1982
- Maarten Engwirda - 1982–1986
- Hans van Mierlo - 1986–1998
- Els Borst - 1998
- Thom de Graaf - 1998–2003
- Boris Dittrich - 2003–2006
- Alexander Pechtold - 2006–2018
- Rob Jetten - 2018–2020 (actually only parliamentary leader)
- Sigrid Kaag - 2020–2023
- Rob Jetten - 2023–present

## Other websites

- Website of Democrats 66
- Website of Democrats 66 International  (English)

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Democrats 66
- **logo**: D66 logo (2019–present).svg
- **logo size**: 175px
- **leader**: Rob Jetten
- **foundation**: 14 October 1966
- **ideology**: Social liberalism
 Progressivism
 Pro-Europeanism
- **country**: Netherlands
- **abbreviation**: D66
- **colors**: Green
- **position**: Centre to centre-left
- **european**: Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party
Euroscepticism

**Euroscepticism** is the criticism of the European Union (EU). Some observers also say that the total rejection of the EU is euroscepticism. Euroscepticism should not be confused with Anti-Europeanism, which is the dislike or fear of European culture and/or people.

Eurosceptics says that the European Union weakens the nation state. They also say that the European Union is too bureaucratic (meaning that important decisions are made by officials who aren't elected). In 2016, the countries with the most unfavourable view of the EU were Greece, France, Spain and the United Kingdom.

The rise of right-wing populist parties in Europe have been contributed to their Eurosceptic views. On 23 June 2016, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union with 52% voting to leave.

## Polls

In November 2015, a poll showed that those with a positive image of the EU went down from 52% in 2007 to 37%. Distrust of the EU was highest in Greece (81%), Cyprus (72%), Austria (65%), France (65%) Germany (63%), the United Kingdom (63%) and the Czech Republic (63%).

## Parties

Some major Eurosceptic parties are shown below (organized by country):
Sweden Democrats

The **Sweden Democrats** (Swedish: _Sverigedemokraterna_, **SD**) is a political party in Sweden.

The party was founded on 6 February 1988. In the 1988 Swedish general election, they only received 1,118 votes. However, their support has been slowly increasing since. In 2018, they received 1,135,627 votes and won 62 out of 349 seats in the Riksdag.

Other political parties in Sweden refuse to cooperate with the SD.

## Beliefs

The Sweden Democrats mainly believe in social conservatism and nationalism. They believe that the current immigration policies in Sweden have failed. They also to make it harder for people to become citizens. According to the SD, a person who wants to become a citizen should: live in Sweden for 10 years, show that they are not criminals, be fluent in Swedish and know Swedish history.

The SD wants to ban abortion after 12 weeks unless the mother's life is in danger. They want a restrictive policy towards drugs and alcohol. They are Eurosceptic, meaning they are critical of the European Union. They awknowledge that LGBT people do not chose their sexuality, and believe that discrimination towards them should be illegal. The SD wants to bring back the conscription (meaning the government forces people to join the armed forces). They are supportive of nuclear power. They are against the death penalty.

## Other websites

- Sweden Democrats
- Jimmie Åkesson's website
- SD-Kuriren
- Sweden Democratic Youth
Ari Rath

**Ari Rath** (‎; 6 January 1925 – 13 January 2017) was an Austrian-Israeli journalist and writer. He was born and grew up in Vienna. After the _Anschluss_, Rath, who was Jewish, came through a Kindertransport as a thirteen-year-old boy to Palestine. In 1975, he became an editor for _The Jerusalem Post_. Later, in 1979, he became the chief editor. In 1989, he left _The Jerusalem Post_, and taught at the University of Potsdam. He supported a peaceful bringing together of Israel and Palestine.

Rath died on 13 January 2017 in Vienna at the age of 92.
Alexandra Föderl-Schmid

**Alexandra Föderl-Schmid** (born 30 January 1971) is an Austrian journalist. She has been the chief editor of the newspaper _Der Standard_ since 2007. She began working at the newspaper in 1990. She has been the newspaper's Germany on-the-scene reporter and Brussels-based European Union on-the-scene reporter.

Föderl-Schmid was born in Haslach an der Mühl, Upper Austria. She studied at the University of Salzburg.
Palakkad

**Palakkad** is a city in the state of Kerala, India. It is the administrative capital of Palakkad District. Palakkad has the seventh most people in Kerala. Malayalam is the most spoken language in Palakkad city.

## Population

Palakkad had 130,955 people as of the 2011 Census of India. The literacy rate of the city is 94.20%. The metro area of Palakkad has  293,566 people.

## Tourist Places

Tourist places in Palakkad include:
- Palakkad Fort
- Jainimedu Jain temple
- Kalpathy Agraharam - Famous for ratholsavam
- Malampuzha Dam
- Manappulikavu Temple
- Chinmaya Mission Guruvayurappa Temple
- Nelliampathi-
- Attapadi
- Silent valley National Park
Anton Nanut

**Anton Nanut** (13 September 1932 – 13 January 2017) was a Slovenian conductor of classical music. From 1981 to 1999, he served as the chief conductor of the RTV Slovenia Symphony Orchestra. He was a professor of conducting at the Academy of Music in Ljubljana. He also had worked with over 200 orchestras and had made over 200 recordings with many labels. He also worked with Milenko Stefanovic. He was born in Kanal ob Soči.

Nanut died after a long illness on 13 January 2017 in Šempeter pri Gorici. He was 84.
Oude IJsselstreek

**Oude IJsselstreek** is a municipality in the province of Gelderland, the Netherlands. About 39,000 people were living there in 2021.

The western part of Oude IJsselstreek lies in the Liemers region, the eastern part in the  Achterhoek region. It borders Germany.

Oude IJsselstreek was created from the former municipalities of Gendringen and Wisch on 1 January 2005. It is named after the Oude IJssel river.

## References

- Plaatsengids.nl

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Oude IJsselstreek
- **native name**: Olde Iesselstreek
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **image skyline**: 2009-09 Bontebrug vanuit Lange Dijk.JPG
- **image flag**: Oude IJsselstreek vlag.svg
- **image shield**: Coats of arms of Oude IJsselstreek.svg
- **image map**: Map - NL - Municipality code 1509 (2009).svg
- **map caption**: Location
- **image map1**: Gem-OudeIJsselstreek-OpenTopo.jpg
- **map caption1**: Map
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Netherlands
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: Gelderland
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Achterhoek, Liemers
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 2005
- **seat**: Gendringen
- **elevation m**: 15
Aa en Hunze

**Aa en Hunze** is a municipality of the province of Drenthe, the Netherlands. In 2016 about 25,000 people were living in this municipality.

Aa en Hunze lies in the northeastern part of Drenthe.

Aa en Hunze was established in 1998 by combining the municipalities of Anloo, Gasselte, Gieten, and Rolde.

## Other websites

- Aa en Hunze website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Aa en Hunze
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Rolde, het voormalige gemeentehuis RM482933 foto6 2014-07-12 18.31.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Former Town Hall
- **image flag**: Flag of Aa en Hunze.svg
- **image seal**: Aa en Hunze-wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Anno Wietze Hiemstra
- **area total km2**: 276.1
- **population total**: 25,579
- **population as of**: January 1, 2022
- **population density km2**: 92.64
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 9443–9469, 9510–9519,
9654–9659
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 050, 0592, 0598, 0599
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:NL, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Tracer

**Tracer** is a fictional video game character from _Overwatch_. She first appeared in an update for the game _Heroes of the Storm_. She later appeared in the 2016 video game, _Overwatch_. These games are made by Blizzard Entertainment, a company that makes and publishes video games.

In _Overwatch_, the character is known as Tracer, but her real name is **Lena Oxton**. Her personality is noticeably happy and energetic. She is known as one of the faster characters in the game, but also one with low health. In the game, she is able to teleport and time travel, with her abilities "Blink" and "Recall". She is an "Offense" hero commonly used to flank or distract the enemy team. Her Ultimate Ability, "Pulse Bomb" is commonly used to eliminate high priority targets in a small area, it can also stick to enemies and eliminate others nearby, Tracer herself can also be damaged by this if she is too close.

In the real world, she is one of the more well known characters from _Overwatch_. This is because she is seen on the cover of the video game and Blizzard has made animated videos featuring her.

## Design

Tracer was first seen in 2014 at Blizzard Entertainment's "BlizzCon 2014" event. The main designer on _Overwatch_, Scott Mercer, said that Blizzard's canceled project, _Titan_, had a character with Tracer's abilities. Jeff Kaplan was the main hero designer for  _Overwatch_; he had a big part in Tracer's design. While the game was still being designed and tested, or its "beta" period, Tracer's health was lowered.

Her personality was designed as heroic and happy. _Overwatch_ game designer Michael Chu said, "the thing about Tracer is that she has a personality which is out of the norm for most people. She is incredibly optimistic, she is incredibly bubbly - it's part of her hero persona. We love her, I think she is very much one of the main characters of the game [...] [to] really carry the torch of what the game is all about: heroism." She is British and the British actress Cara Theobold voices her in the game.

While the game was still being designed, victory poses were added to the characters. Tracer's "Over the Shoulder" victory pose caused a controversy, because some players thought that the pose's focus on her physical features did not line up with her personality traits. Some players disagreed with this, finding nothing wrong with it, but Jeff Kaplan, the director of _Overwatch_ apologized for the pose. Blizzard then changed the victory pose to better fit Tracer's personality, and while some players were happy with the change, as well as with Blizzard listening to the game's community, other players thought that the game's makers were giving up their creative control to offended players.
Noordoostpolder

**Noordoostpolder** is a municipality of Flevoland, the Netherlands, and a former municipality of Overijssel. In 2016 about 47,000 people were living in Noordoostpolder.

## Other websites

- Noordoostpolder website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Noordoostpolder
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Noordoostpolder vlag.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Noordoostpolder.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Roger de Groot
- **area total km2**: 458.2
- **population total**: 43,668
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 95.30
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 8300–8319
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 0527
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:NL, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Dronten

**Dronten** is a municipality of Flevoland, the Netherlands.

In 2016 about 41,000 people were living in the municipality and 28,000 in the town of Dronten.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Dronten
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Flag of Dronten.svg
- **image seal**: Dronten wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jean Paul Gebben
- **area total km2**: 333.6
- **population total**: 35,575
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 106.6
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 8250–8259
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 0321
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:NL, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Zeewolde

**Zeewolde** is a municipality of Flevoland, the Netherlands.

In 2016 about 22,000 people were living here.

## Other websites

- Zeewolde website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Zeewolde
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Horsterwold1.JPG
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Horsterwold forest
- **image flag**: Flag of Zeewolde.svg
- **image seal**: Zeewolde wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Gerrit Jan Gorter
- **area total km2**: 247.2
- **population total**: 18,379
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 74.35
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 3890–3899
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 036
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:NL, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Kosi River

The **Kosi river** is a river in Asia. It is called the "Sorrow of Bihar" because of the damage caused when it floods.
Jallikattu

**Jallikattu** is a traditional event in Tamil Nadu. It is an ancient Tamil event where participants try to embrace a bull, when the bull try to knock them off. It displays the bravery of a person who embraces the bull. The person who wins the event was awarded with money in the ancient Tamil period

The earliest history of Jallikattu was from about 2500 years ago. It is held on the day of third day of Pongal festival and second day of Thai month of the Tamil calendar which is known as Maatu Pongal.

The Supreme Court ordered a ban on this event on 7th of May,2014 because of animal welfare issues.And the Tamil Nadu youngsters protested against the Supreme Court's decision at the Marina beach .Despite being banned more than 2 million people participate in this annual event. The ongoing protests forced the government of India to issue a special ordinance for jallikattu and hence the ban was lifted by the Union Government on 8th of Januar,2018. Organisations like PETA protested against this order and the people of Tamil Nadu asked for the banishment of this organisation from the state.

VKSravan Max
Scallion

**Scallions** are a type of vegetable in the allium genus. Scallions are also called spring onions, green onions, and salad onions.
Achtkarspelen

**Achtkarspelen** is a municipality of Friesland, the Netherlands. In 2016 the municipality had about 28,000 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Achtkarspelen
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Surhuizumer Mieden - plaatsnaambordje.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Achtkarspelen
- **image flag**: Flag of Achtkarspelen.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Achtkarspelen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Oebele Brouwer
- **area total km2**: 102.2
- **population total**: 28,013
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 274.1
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 9230–9233, 9280–9289, 9870–9873
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 0511, 0512
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 0059
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Ameland

**Ameland** is an island and municipality of the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. In 2016 the municipality had about 3,600 people. The municipality covers an area of 269 km², the island an area of 59 km².

Ameland makes part of the West Frisian Islands ().

It lies west of the island of Schiermonnikoog and east of the island of Terschelling.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ameland
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Ameland_aerial_view_from_the_west.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Ameland
- **image flag**: Flag of Ameland.svg
- **image seal**: Ameland wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Leo Pieter Stoel
- **area total km2**: 59.11
- **population total**: 3,545
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 59.97
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 9160–9164
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 0519
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 0060
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Hochfrottspitze

The **Hochfrottspitze** is a mountain near Oberstdorf, Germany. It is the highest German mountain in the Allgäu Alps at  high. The border with Austria is on its ridge.

With the Trettachspitze and Mädelegabel, the Hochfrottspitze forms a well known trio of peaks on the main ridge of the Allgäu Alps. It was first climbed in 1869 by Hermann von Barth. The route to the top is difficult to climb. The mountain is made of dolomite.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Hochfrottspitze
- **photo**: Hochfrottspitze.jpg
- **photo caption**: The Hochfrottspitze from the ascent to the Mädelegabel
- **elevation**: 2649m
- **isolation**: 2.3 km<span title="to"> → </span>Hohes Licht
- **prominence**: 203 m<span title="above the wind-gap"> ↓ </span>Socktalscharte<span title="to"> → </span>Hohes Licht
- **range**: Central Ridge, Allgäu Alps
- **location**: on the border of Bavaria, Germany and Tyrol (state), Tyrol, Austria
- **map**: Germany
- **type**: Dolomite
- **first ascent**: 1869 by Hermann von Barth
Stadskanaal

**Stadskanaal** is a municipality of the province of Groningen, the Netherlands.

About 32,000 people were living in the municipality in 2016, and about 20,000 in the village of Stadskanaal in 2012.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Stadskanaal
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Stadskanaal, Niederlande, Okt 2008.JPG
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Channel in Stadskanaal
- **image flag**: Flag of Stadskanaal.svg
- **image seal**: Ontstwedde Stadskanaal wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Klaas Sloots
- **area total km2**: 117.6
- **population total**: 33,517
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 285.0
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 9500–9509, 9580–9599, 9660, 9661
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 0599
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:NL, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Kapelle

**Kapelle**, Zeelandic: _Kapelle_ or _Kapel'n_,  is a village and municipality on the former island of Zuid-Beveland, Province of Zeeland, the Netherlands.

In 2017 the municipality had about 13,000 people.<br/ >
In 2016 the village had about 7,000 people.

## Famous people

- Jan Peter Balkenende (born 1956), former Prime Minister
Blattodea

**Blattodea** is an order of insects made up of the cockroaches and termites.
Milton Metz

**Milton Metz** (c. 1921 – January 12, 2017) was an American radio and television personality in Louisville, Kentucky. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He occasionally did commercial work for local radio and television stations until he was unable to due to his health in the last year of his life.

Metz was inducted into the University of Kentucky Journalism Hall of Fame in 1989. He was also named as a Gold Circle Honoree in 2009 by the Ohio Valley Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences.

Metz died in Louisville, Kentucky at a retirement facility from complications of a fall on January 12, 2017, aged 95.
Paleoconservatism

**Paleoconservatism** (sometimes called **paleocon**) is a conservative idea that stresses tradition, limited government and civil society, along with religious, national and Western identity. The idea is mainly found in the United States.

According to scholar Michael Foley, paleoconservatives want more restrictions on immigration, cuts in multicultural programs, protectionism (basically meaning that foreign goods will be taxed more), isolationism, and to bring back traditional societal roles.

Paul Gottfried created the term in the 1980s. It was used to refer to conservative traditional Catholics and agrarian Southerners who turned against Communism during the Cold War.

## Leading paleoconservatives

- Donald Trump – 45th President of the United States, Political researcher Bruce Wilson said about Trump, "[He] advances core paleoconservative positions laid out in "The Next Conservatism" — rebuilding infrastructure, protective tariffs, securing borders and stopping illegal immigration, neutralizing designated internal enemies and isolationism."
- Pat Buchanan – Journalist
- Robert Novak – Journalist
- Virgil Goode – Politician
- Marjorie Taylor Greene – Politician, U.S. Representative for Georgia's 14th congressional district since 2021.
- Nick Fuentes – Presenter

## Related pages

- Antiglobalization
- Liberal conservatism

## Other websites

- Breaking All the Rules (BATR)
- Conservative Heritage Times
- James Kalb's Conservatism FAQ
Vsevolod Murakhovsky

**Vsevolod Serafimovich Murakhovsky** (; 20 October 1926 – 12 January 2017) was a Ukrainian-Russian politician. He was born in Luhansk Oblast, Ukrainian SSR. Murakhovsky served as first deputy premier during the Gorbachev Era from 1985 through 1989.

Murakhovsky died on 12 January 2017, aged 90.
John Jacobs (English golfer)

**John Robert Maurice Jacobs OBE** (14 March 1925 – 13 January 2017) was an English professional golfer, coach, entrepreneur, writer and administrator. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2000. He was born in Yorkshire. He founded the PGA European Tour in 1972.

Jacobs' death was announced on 13 January 2017 at the age of 91.

## Other websites

- Profile on the World Golf Hall of Fame's official site
Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon

**Antony Charles Robert Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon** (7 March 1930 – 13 January 2017), commonly known as **Lord Snowdon**, was an English photographer and filmmaker. He was married to Princess Margaret, younger daughter of King George VI and younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II.

Snowdon retired from the House of Lords on 31 March 2016.

Armstrong-Jones died at his home in Kensington, London, England from kidney failure on 13 January 2017, aged 86.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: The Earl of Snowdon
- **image**: Anthony Lord Snowdon (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Member of the House of Lords
- **term start**: 16 November 1999
- **term end**: 31 March 2016
as Baron Armstrong-Jones
- **term start2**: 6 October 1961
- **term end2**: 11 November 1999
as Earl of Snowdon
- **caption**: Armstrong-Jones in the 1980s
- **birth name**: Antony Charles Robert Armstrong-Jones
- **birth place**: Belgravia, London, England
- **death place**: Kensington, London, England
- **resting place**: St Baglan's Church, Llanfaglan, Wales
- **nationality**: British
- **occupation**: Photographer
- **alma mater**: Jesus College, Cambridge
Gilberto Agustoni

**Gilberto Agustoni** (26 July 1922 – 13 January 2017) was a Swiss Roman Catholic prelate. He served as the Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura from 1994 to 1998. He was later a Cardinal-Priest of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Schaffhausen.

Agustoni died on 13 January 2017 at the age of 94.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: cardinal
- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Gilberto Agustoni
- **title**: Apostolic Signatura, Prefect Emeritus of the Apostolic Signatura
- **image**: Gilberto Agustoni.jpg
- **see**: Santi Urbano e Lorenzo a Prima Porta
- **appointed**: 26 November 1994
- **term end**: 5 October 1998
- **predecessor**: Achille Silvestrini
- **successor**: Zenon Grocholewski
- **other post**: Santi Urbano e Lorenzo a Prima Porta, Cardinal-Priest of Santi Urbano e Lorenzo a Prima Porta
- **ordination**: 20 April 1946
- **consecration**: 6 January 1987
- **consecrated by**: Pope John Paul II
- **cardinal**: 26 November 1994
- **created cardinal by**: Pope John Paul II
- **birth name**: Gilberto Agustoni
- **birth place**: Schaffhausen, Switzerland
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **nationality**: Swiss
- **religion**: Roman Catholic
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Gilberto Agustoni.svg
- **motto**: christus spes gloriae


## Infobox (cardinalstyles)

- **cardinal name**: Gilberto Agustoni
- **dipstyle**: His Eminence
- **offstyle**: Your Eminence
- **image**: Coat of arms of Gilberto Agustoni.svg
- **image size**: 200px
Horacio Guarany

**Eraclio Catalin Rodríguez Cereijo** (15 May 1925 – 13 January 2017), better known as **Horacio Guarany**, was an Argentine singer, musician and writer. He was called one of the most important Argentine folklore singers. He won a Platinum Konex Award in 1985. He began his career in the 1940s. He released around 57 solo albums. He was signed with the record labels Philips and EMI. He was born in Las Garzas, Santa Fe Province.

Guarany died from a cardiac arrest on 13 January 2017 in Luján, Buenos Aires Province. He was 91.
Magic Alex

**Yanni** (later **John**) **Alexis Mardas** (; 2 May 1942 – 13 January 2017) was better known as **Magic Alex**, was a Greek electrical engineer and businessman. His nickname, "Magic Alex", was given to him by The Beatles when he worked with the group between 1965 and 1969, including being head of Apple Electronics. He was born in Athens, Greece.

Mardas died from complications of pneumonia in his apartment in Athens on 13 January 2017, aged 74.

## Other websites

- Lennon's artwork put on sale by Mardas
- Chris Hunt interview with Cynthia Lennon
- Life of The Beatles

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Magic Alex
- **birth name**: Yanni Alexis Mardas
- **birth place**: Athens, Greece
- **death place**: Athens, Greece
- **occupation**: Electronics engineer, security consultant
- **spouse**: Eufrosyne Doxiades
Nationalist Movement Party

The **Nationalist Movement Party** (sometimes called **Nationalist Action Party**; Turkish: _Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi_, **MHP**) is a political party in Turkey.

The MHP was founded on 9 February 1969 by Alparslan Türkeş. Their most successful performance in an election was in 1999, where they received 5,606,634 votes and won 129 out of 550 seats in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. In the last election, they received 5,599,600 votes and won 40 out of 550 seats.

The Nationalist Movement Party has been called a neo-fascist party, and has been linked to some violent militias. They are cultural nationalists, and moved from supporting secularism to having a pro-Islamic stance. They are Eurosceptics, meaning they are against the European Union.

Their slogan is: _Ülkenin Geleceğine Oy Ver_ (meaning "Vote for the country's future").

The MHP refuses to have any form of dialogue with the left-wing Kurdish nationalist Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP).

## Other websites

- Official Web site
- Official Site of Ulku Ocaklari (Turan idealists)
- Nationalist Movement Party Multimedya

## Infobox (political party)

- **colorcode**: #870000
- **president**: Devlet Bahçeli
- **name**: Nationalist Movement Party
- **native name**: Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi
- **logo**: MHP Symbol.svg
- **logo size**: 120px
- **abbreviation**: MHP
- **founder**: Alparslan Türkeş
- **predecessor**: Republican Villagers Nation Party
- **headquarters**: Ehlibeyt Mh. Ceyhun Atuf Kansu Cd No:128, 06105 Ankara, Turkey
- **wing1 title**: Paramilitary wing
- **wing1**: Grey Wolves (organization), Grey Wolves (unofficial)
- **membership year**: 2018
- **membership**: 489,239
- **national**: People's Alliance (Turkey), People's Alliance
- **position**: Right-wing
to Far-right politics, far-right
- **ideology**:
Fascism, Neo-fascism
Pan-Turkism
Turanism
Turkish-Islamic synthesis
- **seats1 title**: Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Grand National Assembly
- **seats2 title**: Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey, Metropolitan municipalities
- **seats3 title**: List of municipalities in Turkey, District municipalities
- **seats5 title**: 2014 Turkish local elections, Provincial councillors
- **colours**: Red, White (official)
 Ruby red (customary)
- **slogan**: _Ülkenin Geleceğine Oy Ver_ ("Vote for the Country's Future")
- **seats6 title**: 2014 Turkish local elections, Municipal Assemblies
- **flag**: Flag of the Nationalist Movement Party.svg
- **country**: Turkey
National Alliance (Latvia)

The **National Alliance** (officially called the **National Alliance "All For Latvia!"** or **"For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK"**; Latvian: _Nacionālā apvienība „Visu Latvijai!”_ or _„Tēvzemei un Brīvībai/LNNK”_; **NA**) is a political party in Latvia.

The current party was founded on 23 July 2011. The party is a merger of All For Latvia! and For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK. Their support has been rising since their creation, and in the last parliament election they received 151,567 votes and won 17 out of 100 seats in the Saeima. In the 2014 European election, they received 63,229 votes and won 1 out of 8 seats.

The party is based on nationalism and conservatism. They are Eurosceptic, meaning that they are against the European Union. The party also wants the government to have a stricter anti-Russia stance.

## Other websites

- Official website
Bonaire

**Bonaire** is an island of the Caribbean Netherlands and the former Netherlands Antilles. It is a special municipality (public body) of the Netherlands. It lies off the coast of Venezuela, near the islands of Aruba and Curaçao, which are also parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Bonaire lies at . It has a land area of 288  km². In 2014 about 18,000 people were living there.

Kralendijk is the island's capital city.
Epsom Downs railway station

**Epsom Downs** railway station is a station in the borough of Reigate and Banstead. It opened in 1865. The only operator for this station is Southern.

## Platforms

There is only one platform for this station and it is used for trains towards London Victoria via Norbury. There is no Sunday service for this station.

## Frequency

This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours.

### Up (northbound)

- 2 tph to London Victoria via Norbury

## Departures

This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to  get to the end of the line.

|Train|Towards|Calling Points|Approximate Journey Time|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Southern (train operating company)|Victoria Station|Banstead, Belmont, Sutton station, Carshalton Beeches railway station, Wallington railway station, Waddon, West Croydon, Selhurst, Thornton Heath, Norbury, Streatham Common, Balham station, Wandsworth Common, Clapham Junction railway station, Battersea Park|53 minutes|

## Other websites

- http://ojp.nationalrail.co.uk/service/ldbboard/dep/EPD
- http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/stations_destinations/EPD.aspx

## Infobox (uk station)

- **name**: Epsom Downs
- **image**: Epsom Downs railway station, Surrey - geograph.org.uk - 4428093.jpg
- **caption**: The British Rail Class 455, class 455 train at Epsom Downs station with a service to Victoria Station, London Victoria via Norbury
- **code**: EPD
- **manager**: Southern (train operating company), GTR Southern
- **locale**: Epsom
- **platforms**: 1
- **borough**: Borough of Epsom
- **start**: 1865
- **latitude**: 51.3237
- **longitude**: -0.2389
Surjit Singh Barnala

**Surjit Singh Barnala** (21 October 1925 – 14 January 2017) was an Indian politician. He was Chief Minister of Punjab from 29 September 1985 to 11 June 1987. He was also the Governor of Tamil Nadu from 3 November 2004 to 31 August 2011, as well as Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. He was a member of the Shiromani Akali Dal party.

Barnala was born in Ateli, Punjab (Haryana) to a Sikh family. He married to Surjit Kaur Barnala. They had a daughter and two sons.

Barnala died after a long illness on 14 January 2017 in Chandigarh, Punjab. He was 91.
Mädelegabel

The **Mädelegabel** is a mountain on the border of Austria and Germany. It is near Oberstdorf in the Allgäu Alps. It is one of the most-famous and most-climbed high mountains in the German Alps.

Mädelegabel is  high and made of Dolomite. It is the fourth tallest mountain in the Allgäu Alps, with a 400m tall rock face. With the Trettachspitze and the Hochfrottspitze, the Mädelegabel makes up the well known trio of peaks on the main ridge of the Allgäu Alps. Originally Mädelegabel was the name for all three mountains of the trio. Only later were they given different names. On its southeastern slopes is the Schwarzmilzferner, a small glacier. It was first climbed in 1818, by a survey team.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mädelegabel
- **photo**: Maedelegabele Schwarzmilzferner 2009.JPG
- **photo caption**: The Mädelegabel from the south. Below: the Schwarzmilzferner (2009)
- **elevation**: 2645m
- **isolation**: 0.4 km<span title="to"> → </span>Hochfrottspitze
- **prominence**: 81 m<span title="above the wind-gap"> ↓ </span>Windgap with the Hochfrottspitze<span title="to"> → </span>Hochfrottspitze
- **range**: Central Ridge, Allgäu Alps
- **map**: Alps
- **first ascent**: 1818
- **easiest route**: from the Heilbronn Way
Udo Ulfkotte

**Udo Konstantin Ulfkotte** (20 January 1960 – 13 January 2017) was a German journalist and political scientist. He was an assistant editor for the main daily Frankfurt newspaper, _Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung_ (_FAZ_). Between 1986 and 1998, Ulfkotte lived in the Middle East mostly, including Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Jordan. He was became a Muslim while living in Afghanistan. He later became a born-again Christian. He later held conservative and anti-Muslim views and was against immigration. He was born in Lippstadt, North Rhine-Westphalia (then in West Germany).

Ulfkotte died from a heart attack on 13 January 2017 at the age of 56.
Jupiter Ghosh

**Jupiter Ghosh** is a cricketer from Bangladesh. He was born on 22nd July 1989 in Bagerhat, Khulna. Jupiter Ghosh is a Bangladeshi first-class and List A cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and right-arm bowler. Ghosh is an all-rounder and plays as a right-handed batsman. He is currently playing for Khulna Division.
Mexicana Flight 940

**Mexicana Flight 940**, was flying from Mexico City to Los Angeles the plane was operated by a Boeing 727 with 159 passengers and 8 crew members on-board. On March 31, 1986  the plane suffered an in-flight fire and crashed near Michoacán, all 167 people on-board were killed, in Mexico's worst air-disaster.

|Nationality||Passengers||Crew||Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||139|8|147||||
||9|0|9||||
||8|0|8||||
||4|0|4||||
||2|0|2||||
|Total|159|8|167||||
Mark Fisher

**Mark Fisher** (11 July 1968 – 13 January 2017) was a British writer, cultural theorist and blogger. He was also known by his blogging name **k-punk** from 2003. He was known for his writing on radical politics, popular culture and music. He wrote books, including _Capitalist Realism_ (2009). He also wrote as a journalist for _The Wire_, _The Guardian_, _Fact_, _New Statesman_ and _Sight & Sound_. He was based at Goldsmiths, University of London.

Fisher died on 13 January 2017 at the age of 48. His wife, Zöe Fisher, said he had taken his own life.
Gil Cuerva

**Gil Cuerva** is a Filipino-Spanish actor and model. Cuerva appeared in his debut television remake of the hit South Korean romantic comedy series, _My Love from the Star_ in 2017. He played one of the leading characters. The show aired on GMA Network.

In 2017, he was nominated as the Best New Male TV Personality by 31st PMPC Star Awards for Television.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gil Cuerva
- **birth place**: Philippines
- **nationality**: Filipino people, Filipino, Spanish
- **other names**: Gil
- **alma mater**: De La Salle University
- **occupation**: Actor, Model (person), model
- **years active**: 2016–present
- **agent**: GMA Artist Center <small>(2016–present)</small>
Urbeleskarspitze

The **Urbeleskarspitze** is a mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It is  tall. It is in the state of Tyrol, Austria. It is the fifth tallest mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It is also the second tallest mountain of the Hornbach chain. It is located next to the Bretterspitze in the Hornbach chain. It is made of dolomite, and has a bell-shaped summit. The first recorded climb was in 1869, by Hermann von Barth, but many think locals climbed it first. There are no easy routes to the top. There are only two useable routes, both of which are quite difficult.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Urbeleskarspitze
- **photo**: Urbeleskarspitze.jpg
- **photo size**: 324x300px
- **photo caption**: The Urbeleskarspitze
- **elevation**: 2632m
- **isolation**: 8.9 km<span title="to"> → </span>Großer Krottenkopf
- **prominence**: 375 m<span title="above the wind-gap"> ↓ </span>Schönecker Scharte
- **range**: Allgäu Alps (Hornbach chain)
- **location**: Tyrol (state), Tyrol, Austria
- **map**: Austria
- **type**: Dolomite (Triassic)
Rock summit
- **rock**: Dolomite (Triassic)
- **first ascent**: 1869 Hermann von Barth
- **normal route**: Hinterhornbach – Kaufbeurer Haus – Urbeleskarspitze
Dabwali fire accident

The **Dabwali fire accident** was a fire in a building in Haryana, India on 23 December 1995. At least 400 people were killed.
Chopper (movie)

***Chopper*** is a 2000 Australian black comedy crime drama movie. It was written and directed by Andrew Dominik and based on the autobiographical books by Mark "Chopper" Read. It stars Eric Bana as the title character and co-stars Vince Colosimo, Simon Lyndon, Kate Beahan and David Field.
Interstate 275 (Michigan)

**Interstate 275** (**I-275**) is an Interstate in the U.S. state of Michigan that acts as a western bypass of the Detroit metropolitan area. The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) maintains the highway. The freeway runs through the western suburbs near Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport. The southern end is the interchange with I-75 near Newport. MDOT considers the Interstate to run to  I-96, I-696 and M-5 on the Farmington Hills–Novi city line, running together with I-96 for about . This gives a total length of about . According to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the length is  because they consider I-275 to end at the junction with I-96 and M-14.

## Infobox (road)

- **state**: MI
- **type**: I
- **route**: 275
- **map notes**: I-275 in red, the section unrecognized by FHWA in purple
- **spur type**: I
- **spur of**: 75
- **length mi**: 35.026
- **length notes**: according to FHWA
- **established**: January 14, 1977
- **direction a**: South
- **terminus a**: near Monroe, Michigan, Monroe
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus b**: in Farmington Hills, Michigan, Farmington Hills
- **counties**: Monroe County, Michigan, Monroe, Wayne County, Michigan, Wayne, Oakland County, Michigan, Oakland
- **previous type**: MI
- **previous route**: 247
- **next type**: MI
- **next route**: 294
Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway

The **Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway** (; , , ) is a standard gauge international railway line that connects Ethiopia's capital of Addis Ababa with Djibouti. It is linked to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean.

## Infobox (rail line)

- **image**: Map of Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway.png
- **caption**: Schematic diagram of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway.
- **type**: Railway
- **system**: Ethiopian Railway Corporation, Ethiopian Railway
 Rail transport in Djibouti, Djiboutian Railways
- **status**: Operational
- **locale**: Ethiopia, Djibouti
- **start**: Sebeta, Ethiopia
- **end**: Port of Doraleh, Djibouti
- **stations**: 21 <small>(15 for passengers)</small>
- **event1label**: Inauguration
- **event1**: (Ethiopia)
 (Djibouti)
- **event2label**: Commercial operation
- **owner**: Ethiopia, Djibouti
- **operator**: Ethio-Djibouti Standard Gauge Railway Share Company (from 2024)
China Railway Group Ltd. (until 2023)
China Civil Engineering Construction Corp. (until 2023)
- **stock**: 41 locomotives, 1,130 coaches/wagons
- **linelength km**: 759
- **tracks**: single-/double- track
- **load gauge**: 5300 mm
- **electrification**: Overhead line 25 kV AC / 50 Hz
- **signalling**: Automatic block signalling, automatic block & ETCS, ETCS-2
- **speed**: (passenger);
 (freight)
- **elevation m**: 2,293
- **maxincline**: 1.85Percent, %
- **map state**: show
Smith & Wesson M&P

**Smith & Wesson M&P** (**M**ilitary and **P**olice) is a series of handguns named after the famous 20th century Smith & Wesson service revolvers. They are designed mainly for military, police and personal defense use. They are offered in calibers including: .22 LR, .380 ACP, 9×19mm Parabellum, .357 Magnum and .45 ACP.

## History

In 1852, gunsmiths Horace Smith and Daniel B. Wesson formed the partnership Smith & Wesson. After having financial troubles, in 1854 they sold the company to a shirt manufacturer named Oliver Winchester. In 1866, Winchester renamed the company Winchester Repeating Arms Company. That same year Smith and Wesson formed the second company called Smith & Wesson, which is still in operation.

In 1899, the company produced their now-famous Military & Police pistol. It was a double-action which set a standard for modern revolvers. It also introduced what has become a very popular caliber, the .38 S&W Special.
In 2005, the company introduced Smith & Wesson M&P model pistol. It was the first polymer handgun for S&W. It is available in 9mm and .40 S&W, and as of February 2016, in .45 ACP. It is recoil-operated and uses the Browning-type locking system.

In 2008 the name M&P expanded to became a series of handguns.  It includes polymer pistols, (alloy) revolvers and AR-type rifles. The color, with a few exceptions, is usually black.

The M&P line has expanded to include the "Pro-series", "Shield-series" and "Bodyguard-series" guns.

## Related pages

- Personal defense weapon
- Service pistol
- Smith & Wesson
- Smith & Wesson Model 10
- SWAT

## Other websites

- Smith & Wesson M&P M2.0: Making A Great Pistol Even Better—Hands-On Review; YouTube
- Smith & Wesson M&P series