juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Strass im Zillertal

**Strass im Zillertal** is a municipality of the district Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Strass im Zillertal
- **image skyline**: Strass im Zillertal.jpg
- **image shield**: Wappen at strass im zillertal.png
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270px
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **image map**: Strass im Zillertal im Bezirk SZ.png
- **mapsize**: 260x260px
- **map caption**: Location in the district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tyrol (state), Tyrol
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Schwaz District, Schwaz
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Klaus Knapp
- **elevation m**: 523
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **registration plate**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, SZ
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 6261
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: 05244
- **website**: [http://www.strass.tirol.gv.at/ www.strass.tirol.gv.at]
Stumm

**Stumm** is a municipality of the district of Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Stumm
- **image skyline**: Antoniuskapelle, Stumm 01.jpg
- **image shield**: Wappen at stumm.png
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270px
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **image map**: Stumm im Bezirk SZ.png
- **mapsize**: 260x260px
- **map caption**: Location in the district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tyrol (state), Tyrol
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Schwaz District, Schwaz
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Alois Fasching
- **elevation m**: 556
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **registration plate**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, SZ
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 6272
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: 05283
- **website**: [http://www.stumm.tirol.gv.at www.stumm.tirol.gv.at]
Stummerberg

**Stummerberg** is a municipality of the district Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Stummerberg
- **image shield**: Wappen at stummerberg.png
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270px
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **image map**: Stummerberg im Bezirk SZ.png
- **mapsize**: 260x260px
- **map caption**: Location in the district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tyrol (state), Tyrol
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Schwaz District, Schwaz
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Georg Danzl
- **elevation m**: 800
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **registration plate**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, SZ
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 6276
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: 05283
- **website**: [http://www.stummerberg.tirol.gv.at www.stummerberg.tirol.gv.at]
Terfens

**Terfens** is a municipality of the district Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Terfens
- **image skyline**: Terfens from west.JPG
- **image shield**: Wappen at terfens.png
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270px
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **image map**: Terfens im Bezirk SZ.png
- **mapsize**: 260x260px
- **map caption**: Location in the district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tyrol (state), Tyrol
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Schwaz District, Schwaz
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Hubert Hußl
- **elevation m**: 591
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **registration plate**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, SZ
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 6123
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: 05224
- **website**: [http://www.terfens.tirol.gv.at/ www.terfens.tirol.gv.at]
Guo Ning

**Guo Ning** (born 23 January 1995) is a Chinese water polo player.

She played at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, 2018 Asian Games, and 2019 World Aquatics Championships.

## Other websites

- Guo Ning of China #6 throws during the Women's Water Polo Qualification match Getty
Tux, Austria

**Tux** is a municipality of the district of Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Tux
- **image skyline**: Hintertux 2006.jpg
- **image shield**: Wappen at tux.png
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270px
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **image map**: Tux im Bezirk SZ.png
- **mapsize**: 260x260px
- **map caption**: Location in the district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tyrol (state), Tyrol
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Schwaz District, Schwaz
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Simon Grubauer
- **elevation m**: 1281
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **registration plate**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, SZ
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 6293
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: 05287
- **website**: [http://gemeinde-tux.at gemeinde-tux.at]
Uderns

**Uderns** is a municipality of the district Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Uderns
- **image skyline**: Blick auf Uderns.jpg
- **image shield**: Wappen at uderns.png
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270px
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **image map**: Uderns im Bezirk SZ.png
- **mapsize**: 260x260px
- **map caption**: Location in the district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tyrol (state), Tyrol
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Schwaz District, Schwaz
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Josef Bucher
- **elevation m**: 549
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **registration plate**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, SZ
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 6271
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: 05288
- **website**: [http://www.gemeinde.uderns.at www.gemeinde.uderns.at]
Vomp

**Vomp** is a market town of the district Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Vomp
- **image skyline**: Vomp from south.jpg
- **image caption**: Vomp seen from the south
- **image shield**: Wappen at vomp.png
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270px
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **image map**: Vomp im Bezirk SZ.png
- **mapsize**: 260x260px
- **map caption**: Location in the district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tyrol (state), Tyrol
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Schwaz District, Schwaz
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Karl-Josef Schubert
- **elevation m**: 566
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **registration plate**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, SZ
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 6134
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: 05242
- **website**: [http://www.vomp.tirol.gv.at www.vomp.tirol.gv.at]
Wûnseradiel

**Wûnseradiel** is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Friesland. Since 2011, it has been part of the new municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân.
INUS condition

INUS condition stands for an **_i**nsufficient, but **n**ecessary part of an **u**nnecessary but **s**ufficient condition._ John Mackie introduced the term in the 1960s.

Mackie uses the example of a house burning: There was an electric short circuit that caused the fire. There was flammable material nearby, which started to burn after the short circuit happened. He then tries to explain the statement: "The short circuit caused the fire", according to the INUS condition:

- The short circuit is not a sufficient part of the condition "short circuit and flammable material".
- The short circuit is a necessary part.
- The condition "short circuit and flammable material" is not necessary for the result (house burning). It can be replaced by other conditions (for example "lightning and flammable material", or "arson") to get the same result.
- "short circuit and flammable material" is a sufficient condition, as it will always result in the house burning.

INUS conditions need prior experience: Only after you have seen a house burning after a short-circuit putting flammable material on fire several times can you deduce that it is indeed sufficient.

## Related pages

- Necessary and sufficient condition

## References

- John Leslie Mackie: Causes and Conditions. American Philosophical Quarterly. 1965, 2(4). pp. 245–264. .
- John Leslie Mackie: The Cement of the Universe: A Study of Causation. London 1974: Oxford University Press. especially chapter 3: Causal Regularities, pp. 59–87.
Hammah

**Hammah** is a municipality of the district of Stade, in Lower Saxony, Germany. As of 2019, 3,124 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Official website
Weer

**Weer** is a municipality of the district of Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Weer
- **image skyline**: Weer from southwest.JPG
- **image shield**: Wappen at weer.png
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270px
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **image map**: Weer im Bezirk SZ.png
- **mapsize**: 260x260px
- **map caption**: Location in the district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tyrol (state), Tyrol
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Schwaz District, Schwaz
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Franz Unterlechner
- **elevation m**: 558
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **registration plate**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, SZ
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 6116
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: +43 5224
- **website**: [http://www.weer.at www.weer.at]
Weerberg

**Weerberg** is a municipality of the district of Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Weerberg
- **image skyline**: Baumkirchen von Westen.jpg
- **image shield**: Wappen at weerberg.png
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270px
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **image map**: Weerberg im Bezirk SZ.png
- **mapsize**: 260x260px
- **map caption**: Location in the district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tyrol (state), Tyrol
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Schwaz District, Schwaz
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Ferdinand Angerer
- **elevation m**: 882
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **registration plate**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, SZ
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 6133
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: 05224
- **website**: [http://www.weerberg.at www.weerberg.at]
Wiesing

**Wiesing** is a municipality of the district Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Wiesing
- **image skyline**: Wiesing church.jpg
- **image shield**: Wappen at wiesing.png
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270px
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **image map**: Wiesing im Bezirk SZ.png
- **mapsize**: 260x260px
- **map caption**: Location in the district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tyrol (state), Tyrol
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Schwaz District, Schwaz
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Alois Aschberger
- **elevation m**: 566
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **registration plate**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, SZ
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 6210
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: 05244
- **website**: [http://www.wiesing.tirol.gv.at www.wiesing.tirol.gv.at]
Zellberg

**Zellberg** is a municipality of the district of Schwaz in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Zellberg
- **image skyline**: Gerlospass 27.JPG
- **image shield**: Wappen at zellberg.png
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270px
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **image map**: Zellberg im Bezirk SZ.png
- **mapsize**: 260x260px
- **map caption**: Location in the district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tyrol (state), Tyrol
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Schwaz District, Schwaz
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Ferdinand Fankhauser
- **elevation m**: 575
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **registration plate**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, SZ
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 6280
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: 05282
- **website**: [http://www.zellberg.tirol.gv.at/ www.zellberg.tirol.gv.at]
Lesueur's frog

**LeSueur's frog**, **LeSuer's tree frog** or the **stony creek frog** (_Ranoidea lesueurii_) is a tree frog from Australia.  It lives in Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales and parts of Victoria.

This frog lives in forests.  It lives in dry forests and wet forests, such as rainforests.  It can also look for food on land that humans use to graze animals.  The female lays eggs in pools next to streams and other places where the water does not flow quickly.  The eggs stick to the undersides of rocks and to the bottom of the body of water.

This frog can catch the fungal disease chytridiomycosis.
Bi Yanan

**Bi Yanan** (born 6 December 1998) is a Chinese water polo player.

She played at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships, and 2019 Summer Universiade.
Isoprene

**Isoprene** is a common organic compound produced by living things. Its full chemical name is **2-methyl-1,3-butadiene**, and its formula is CH<sub>2</sub>=C(CH<sub>3</sub>)−CH=CH<sub>2</sub>. Isoprene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. It is produced by many plants and animals (including humans). Its polymers are the main component of natural rubber.

## Natural occurrences

Isoprene is produced and emitted by many species of trees (major producers are oaks, poplars, eucalyptus, and some legumes). Yearly production of isoprene emissions by vegetation is around 600 million metric tons, half from tropical broadleaf trees (that is, flowering plants) and the rest mainly from shrubs.

This is about the same as methane emissions. It accounts for about one-third of all hydrocarbons released into the atmosphere. In deciduous forests, isoprene makes up about 80% of hydrocarbon emissions.  Microscopic and macroscopic algae also produce isoprene, but much less than trees.

Isoprene emission may help trees use to combat stress. In particular, isoprene does protect against moderate heat stress (around 40 °C). It may also protect plants against large fluctuations in leaf temperature. Isoprene is built into cell membranes and helps  membranes keep stable.

Isoprene produces the blue haze which gives the Blue Ridge Mountains their name.
Never Say Never Again

***Never Say Never Again*** is a James Bond movie starring Sean Connery and directed by Irvin Kershner. It is the only remake of another James Bond movie, _Thunderball_. It is also the one of the few James Bond movies not made by Eon Productions.
Stade du 7 Mars

**Stade 7 Mars** () is a stadium in Ben Guerdane, Tunisia. It is currently used mostly for football. The stadium holds 10,000 of which 4,000 are covered, and was built in 2000. It is used by the US Ben Guerdane.

The date of 7 March corresponds to the day of the Battle of Ben Guerdane which takes place on 7 March 2016 in Tunisia. The clashes between the Tunisian security forces and the jihadists of the Islamic state (IS).

## Infobox (stadium)

- **name**: 7 March Stadium
- **logo caption**: Stade 7-Mars in Ben Guerdane, Home of Union Sportive de Ben Guerdane
- **fullname**: 7 March 2016 Stadium of Ben Guerdane
- **location**: Ben Guerdane, Tunisia
- **opened**: 2000
- **surface**: Grass
- **capacity**: 10,000
- **tenants**: US Ben Guerdane
Ben Guerdane

**Ben Gardane** or **Bengardane** ( or , __; ) is a commune and coastal town in south eastern Tunisia, close to the border with Libya. It is located at around .

## History

During the Second World War Ben Gardane Airfield was used by the 57th Fighter Group, which flew P-40 Warhawks from the airfield from 9 to 21 March 1943 during the Eighth Army advance into Tunisia from Libya, to which the 57th was attached. It was also used by Spitfires from the 601 Squadron RAF.

The town belongs to the governorate of Medenine. Located 423 km - 559 km by road - from Tunis, it is the city furthest from the capital.

It is the last major city in the governorate of Medenine with total population estimated at 79,912 inhabitants in 2014. It is located 32 kilometers from the Tunisian-Libyan border.

It is best known both in Tunisia and Libya as a trade road and an open exchange market. Tunisians take advantage of the availability and variety of the goods existing in the shops. The great amount of these goods are basically imported from Libya and deemed less expensive.

It is distinguished for its large population of dromedaries estimated at 15,000 head. An annual festival devoted to them during the month of June.

In March 2016, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Libya attacked the town in the Battle of Ben Guerdane.

### Islamic militancy

According to _The Washington Post_, "hundreds of young men have left Ben Guerdane over the past three decades to wage jihad in Iraq, Afghanistan and Bosnia, radicalized in part by a repressive regime that persecuted Islamists".

The leader of Al-Qaeda in Iraq, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi famously said of Ben Gardane, "if it was located next to Fallujah, we would have liberated Iraq."

### Population and tribal diversity

There is a mixture of Berbers and Arabs, who from the _Twazin_ tribal alliance which took place centuries ago as a tribal defense shield against the invasion, especially from the east towards Libya. There is no historical record as to the date of the establishment of this alliance but the inhabitants of Bengardane still have this bond and are said to be proud of the alliance. Beside the _Twazin_, there are other large tribes such as Jelidat, Rabai'a which have participated in shaping the heritage, culture and way of life in Bengardane .

## Related pages

- 2016 Ben Guerdane attack

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Bengardane
- **pushpin map**: Tunisia
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Tunisia
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Governorates of Tunisia, Governorate
- **subdivision name1**: Medenine Governorate, Medenine
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 4732
- **population as of**: 2014
- **population total**: 66567
- **population metro**: 79912
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **website**: [https://www.commune-bengardene.gov.tn/ www.commune-bengardene.gov.tn]
Chenda

The **Chanda** (Malayalam: ചെണ്ട, [tʃeɳʈa]) is a cylindrical percussion instrument used widely in the state of Kerala, Tulu Nadu of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in India. In Tulu Nadu (Coastal Karnataka), it is known as _chende_. It is greatly identified as a cultural element in Kerala.

## Sound

This instrument is famous for its loud and rigid sound. A Chenda has two sides, the left side called "Edamthala" (ഇടം തല)(Left Head) and the right side "Valamthala" (വലം തല)(Right Head). The "Edamthala" is made of only one/two layer of cow skin and the "Valamthala" will have a five/seven layer skin, so as to have a bass sound. The skin are dried in the shade and fastened on wooden rings (Chenda Vattam, ചെണ്ട വട്ടം) made of the trunk of a locally available palm tree (Eeranpana) or bamboo, using a gum prepared from the seed of a tree called "pananchi maram". The circular frame is kept in a vessel, boiled for an entire day and then bent in the form of circle and dried. The body of the Chenda which is 1 ft in diameter and 1.5 inches thickness is made of the soft wood of the jackfruit tree (വരിക്ക പ്ലാവ്) (Varikka Plavu). The thickness is again reduced by 0.25 inches, at simultaneous points separated by 4 inches. This is done in order to produce highly resonating sound. Only the wooden rings with the skin (Chenda Vattam) is replaced once the quality of the sound is not up to the mark. For regular Chenda artists an average of 15 rings are required every year.

## Usage

The Chenda is mainly played in Hindu temple festivals and as an accompaniment in the religious art forms of Kerala. The chenda is used as an accompaniment for Kathakali, Koodiyattam, Kannyar Kali, Theyyam and among many forms of dances and rituals in Kerala. It is also played in a dance-drama called Yakshagana (Tenku Thittu) which is popular in Tulu Nadu in Karnataka. There is a variant of this instrument used in northern school of Yakshagana called Chande. It is traditionally considered to be an _Asura Vadyam_ ((demonic instrument)) which means it cannot go in harmony. Chenda is an inevitable musical instrument in all form of cultural activities in Kerala.

## Making

In Kerala the craft of making Chenda is now associated with some few "Perumkollan" (smith) families at Peruvembu, Nemmara, Lakkidi, Vellarkad and Valappaya villages. Many famous Chenda percussionists in Kerala make their Chendas from Vellarkad village for it is famous for the quality of the instrument.
Malindi

**Malindi** is a town lying on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya. It is 120 kilometres northeast of Mombasa.

Malindi has a tropical savanna climate (_As_ in the Köppen climate classification). The area shows classic examples of Swahili architecture. Malindi developed as part of Swahili Civilization in the 5th–10th centuries.

The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama met Malindi authorities in 1498 to sign a trade agreement and hire a guide for the voyage to India, when he erected a coral pillar.

During World War II Malindi was one of only two towns in East Africa bombed by the Italians. This happened on 24 October 1940.

After the World War II Malindi began developing into a resort.
Malindi is home to the Malindi Airport and Broglio Space Centre (the previous San Marco Equatorial Range).

## In popular culture

Novel _“MALI D’AFRICA”_ (by Sara Cardelli) describes the impossible love in Malindi.

Most of the events in the novels _“Once in Malindi”_ and _“Our Wild Sex in Malindi”_ (by Andrei Gusev) take place in Malindi, Watamu, Lamu. The novels describe a few years living in Malindi of Russian writer Andy and his wife Jennifer, who was born in Kenya.

Song _“Yasoi Malindi”_ by Yasoy Kala Kana.

## Related pages

- Ruins of Gedi (near Malindi)
- Vasco da Gama Pillar

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Malindi
- **settlement type**: List of cities and towns in Kenya by population, Municipality
- **image skyline**: File:Pillar of Vasco da Gama.jpg
- **image caption**: Vasco da Gama Pillar
- **pushpin map**: Kenya
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Kenya
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Kenya, County
- **subdivision name1**: Kilifi County
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 13th – 14th Century
- **established title1**: Re-settled
- **established date1**: 1861
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2019
- **population total**: 119859
- **timezone**: East Africa Time, EAT
- **utc offset**: +3
Wymbritseradiel

**Wymbritseradiel** is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Friesland. Since 2011, it has been part of the new municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân.
Dongeradeel

**Dongeradeel** () is a former municipality in the Dutch province of Friesland. Since 2019, it has been part of the new municipality of Noardeast-Fryslân.
Noardeast-Fryslân

**Noardeast-Fryslân** () is a municipality in the Dutch province of Friesland. It was created on 1 January 2019 and consists of the former municipalities of Dongeradeel, Ferwerderadiel and Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisland.

In 2019, 45,181 people lived there.
King and Queen County, Virginia

**King and Queen County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 6,608 people lived there. Its county seat is King and Queen Court House.
King George County, Virginia

**King George County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 26,723 people lived there. Its county seat is King George.
King William County, Virginia

**King William County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 17,810 people lived there. Its county seat is King William.
Lancaster County, Virginia

**Lancaster County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 10,919 people lived there. Its county seat is Lancaster.
Lee County, Virginia

**Lee County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 22,173 people lived there. Its county seat is Jonesville.
Louisa County, Virginia

**Louisa County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 37,596 people lived there. Its county seat is Louisa.
Lunenburg County, Virginia

**Lunenburg County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 11,936 people lived there. Its county seat is Lunenburg.
Madison County, Virginia

**Madison County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 13,837 people lived there. Its county seat is Madison.
Mathews County, Virginia

**Mathews County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 8,533 people lived there. Its county seat is Mathews.
Middlesex County, Virginia

**Middlesex County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 10,625 people lived there. Its county seat is Saluda.
Montgomery County, Virginia

**Montgomery County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 99,721 people lived there. Its county seat is Christiansburg.
Nelson County, Virginia

**Nelson County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 14,775 people lived there. Its county seat is Lovingston.
New Kent County, Virginia

**New Kent County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 22,945 people lived there. Its county seat is New Kent.
Northampton County, Virginia

**Northampton County** is a county in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, 12,282 people lived there. Its county seat is Eastville.

### Towns

- Belle Haven (Partly in Accomack County)
- Cape Charles
- Cheriton
- Eastville
- Exmore
- Nassawadox

### Census-designated places

- Franktown
- Willis Wharf

### Unincorporated communities

- Arlington
- Bacon Hill
- Bay Ridge
- Bayford
- Bayview
- Beverly
- Birdsnest
- Bridgetown
- Broadwater
- Capeville
- Cedar Grove
- Cheapside
- Cherrystone
- Chesapeake
- Clearview
- Culls
- Dalbys
- Eastville Station
- Fairview
- Hadlock
- Hare Valley
- Highland Heights
- Hungars Point
- James Crossroads
- Jamesville
- Johnson Cove
- Johnsontown
- Kendall Grove
- Kiptopeke
- Little Johnsontown
- Little Salisbury
- Machipongo
- Magotha
- Marionville
- Middletown
- Nottingham
- Oakland Park
- Oyster
- Pat Town
- Red Bank
- Reedtown
- Seaview
- Shadyside
- Sheps End
- Silver Beach
- Simpkins
- Smith Beach
- Stumptown
- The Meadows
- Townsend
- Treherneville
- Wardtown
- Weirwood
- Woodstock
Leesburg, Georgia

**Leesburg** is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Lee County.
Hinesville, Georgia

**Hinesville** is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Liberty County.
Betim

**Betim** is an Brazilian city in the state of Minas Gerais. Its population in 2019 was 439,340 and has an area of 343,856 km².
Nadezhda Iarondaikina

**Nadezhda Iarondaikina** (born 30 November 1994) is a Russian water polo player.

She played at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2016 Women's European Water Polo Championship.
Glee season 1

The **first season** of the musical comedy-drama television show _Glee_ originally premiered on May 19, 2009 and ended on June 8, 2010 on FOX in the United States. The first season had 22 episodes and was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and Ryan Murphy Television. The first season features the Fictional William McKinley High School Glee Club “New Directions” located in the namesake school in Lima, Ohio. It also shows the glee club in several competitions; local, regional and nationals which was held in New York City. Relationships,Sexuality and other issues were explored in the first Season of Glee. This Season explored the interpersonal relationships between the members of the Glee Club and some of the staff and the club’s goals of winning and becoming a team.
Link: The Faces of Evil and Zelda: The Wand of Gamelon

***Link: The Faces of Evil*** and ***Zelda: The Wand of Gamelon*** are action-adventure games developed by Animation Magic and published by Philips Interactive Media for the CD-i video game console. They are some of the few Zelda games made for a video game console that was not owned by Nintendo. Both games received bad reviews for their bad game design, animation and voice acting. They were not well-known until the internet made them well-known.
Evgeniia Abdriziakova

**Evgeniia Abdriziakova** (born 7 June 1988) is a Russian water polo player. She played at the 2014 Women's European Water Polo Championship, and 2015 World Aquatics Championships,
Anastasia Verkhoglyadova

**Anastasia Verkhoglyadova** (born 12 June 1995) is a Russian water polo player.

She played at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships,  2017 World Aquatics Championships, 2014 Women's European Water Polo Championship, 2016 Women's European Water Polo Championship. and 2018 Women's European Water Polo Championship.
Yelena Starodubtseva

**Yelena Starodubtseva** (born 26 February 1989) is an Kazakhstani female water polo player. She was a member of the Kazakhstan women's national water polo team.

She was a part of the team at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships.
Agnee Morcha

***Agnee Morcha*** is a Hindi action movie from Bollywood starring Dharmendra, Ravi Kishan, Mukesh Khanna, directed by Raju Chouhan and produced by Rajesh Kothari. The film was released on 4 April 1997 under the banner of Shiva Dolly Films.

## Cast

- Dharmendra
- Mukesh Khanna
- Ravi Kishan
- Simran
- Johnny lever
- Raza Murad
- Mushtaq Khan

## Infobox (movie)

- **director**: Raju Chouhan
- **producer**: Rajesh Kothari
- **writer**: Raju Chouhan,
Vinay Mahajan (Dialogue)
- **screenplay**: Vinay Mahajan
- **music**: Shyam - Surendra
- **cinematography**: Nand Kumar Chowdhary
- **editing**: Prashant Khedekar,
Vinod Nayak
- **country**: India
- **language**: Hindi
Idakka

The ***idakka*** (Malayalam: ഇടയ്ക്ക, literally_, in the middle_), also spelt **edaykka**/**edakka**, is an hourglass-shaped drum from Kerala in south India. This handy percussion instrument is very similar to the pan-Indian damaru.<sup>[_citation needed_]</sup> While the damaru is played by rattling knotted cords against the resonators, the idakka is played with a stick. Like the damaru, the idakka's pitch may be bent by squeezing the lacing in the middle. The idakka is slung over the left shoulder and the right side of the instrument is gently beaten with a thin curve-ended stick.
Kombu (instrument)

**Kombu** or **Kombu Pattu** is a musical instrument.  It is a long horn.  People play this instrument by blowing into it. This instrument is used in the music from Kerala in southern India.

_The size of a kombu can vary but it is approx 15 centimetres wide and 132 centimetres long. It is usually made of brass and costs about four thousand to five thousand. It is mostly used in southern India._
Princess Charlotte of Wales

**Princess Charlotte of Wales** (7 January 1796 – 6 November 1817) was the daughter of George IV, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his wife, Caroline of Brunswick. She was their only child.

Charlotte was born in London on 7 January 1796. On 2 May 1816, she married Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, who later became Leopold I of Belgium. On 5 November 1817, she gave birth to a stillborn boy. On 6 November 1817, she died from complications of the birth.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Princess Charlotte
- **image**: Charlotte Augusta of Wales.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait by George Dawe, 1817
- **birth place**: Carlton House, London, England
- **death place**: Claremont House, Surrey, England
- **burial date**: 19 November 1817
- **burial place**: St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England
- **full name**: Charlotte Augusta
- **house**: House of Hanover, Hanover
- **father**: George IV of the United Kingdom
- **mother**: Caroline of Brunswick
- **signature**: Princess Charlotte of Wales Signature 1.svg
Princess Charlotte

**Princess Charlotte** might refer to:

## People

- Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1694–1715), wife of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia and mother of Tsar Peter II, Emperor of Russia
- Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans (1700–1761), wife of Francesco III, Duke of Modena
- Charlotte, Princess Royal (1766–1828), eldest daughter of King George III; Queen consort of King Frederick I of Württemberg
- Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark (1789–1864), married Prince William of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), mother of Queen Louise of Denmark
- Princess Charlotte of Wales (1796–1817), only child of King George IV of the United Kingdom; first wife of Leopold I of the Belgians
- Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia) (1798–1860), born Princess Charlotte of Prussia, empress consort of Nicholas I of Russia as Alexandra Feodorovna
- Princess Charlotte of Württemberg (1807–1873), wife of Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia under the name Elena Pavlovna
- Princess Charlotte of Clarence (1819), eldest legitimate child of the future King William IV of the United Kingdom, died hours after birth
- Charlotte of Belgium (1840–1927), a.k.a. Carlota, empress-consort of Maximilian of Mexico from 1864 till the emperor was deposed and shot in 1867
- Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen (1860–1919), Princess of Prussia
- Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois (1898–1977)
- Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium (1927–2005), wife of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
- Charlotte Casiraghi (born 1986), sometimes incorrectly called Princess Charlotte of Monaco
- Princess Charlotte of Cambridge (born 2015), daughter of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge

## Places

- The Princess Charlotte, now The Charlotte, a music venue in Leicester, England
- Princess Charlotte Bay, in far North Queensland, Australia

## Transportation

- , the name of several ships
- , the name of several ships of the Royal Navy
- , the name of several ships during the Napoleonic Wars
- _Princess Charlotte_, the name of a GWR 4000 Class locomotive
2000 Year Old Man

***The 2000 Year Old Man*** is a comedy sketch. It was first created by Carl Reiner and Mel Brooks in the 1950s. It was then first performed public in the 1960s. Brooks plays a 2000-year-old man. He is interviewed by Reiner in a series of comedy routines that were turned into a collection of records and also performed on television.

## History

The main story for the sketches were laid during the making of _Your Show of Shows_. Here, Reiner was an actor and Brooks was a writer. Reiner explains the first sketch:

It was originally a joke between the two that was then shared at parties. Reiner started bringing a tape recorder to the parties because of this. Lots of people such as George Burns said to the two that they should their sketches on an album. Only Steve Allen, however, wasa able to convince them to record it in his studio.

## Recordings and performances

Their first television appearances while doing the sketch were on _The Ed Sullivan Show_ in February 1961. It was then seen on _The Steve Allen Show_ 8 months later.

Reiner and Brooks released five comedy albums. The 2000 Year Old Man character was shown on one track for each of the first three albums and was always shown in the last two.

1. _2000 Years with Carl Reiner and Mel Brooks_ (1960)
1. _2000 and One Years with Carl Reiner and Mel Brooks_ (1961)
1. _Carl Reiner and Mel Brooks at the Cannes Film Festival_ (1962)
1. _2000 and Thirteen with Carl Reiner and Mel Brooks_ (Warner Bros. Records, 1973)
1. _The 2000 Year Old Man in the Year 2000_ (1997)

It won the 1998 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Comedy Album.
Kimberly water-holding frog

The **Kimberly water-holding frog**, **long-footed frog**, **collared frog**, **blotchy frog** or **variegated burrowing frog** (_Ranoidea longipes_) is a frog from Australia.  It lives in the Kimberly region in Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland.

This frog lives in grasslands.  It likes to dig in the ground.  The females lay eggs in shallow water, 50 to 2000 at a time.  The tadpoles grow into frogs after one month.
Social order

The term **social order** can be used in two ways:

It may mean a particular system of social structures and institutions. Examples are the ancient, the feudal, and the capitalist social orders.

Secondly, social order is the opposite of social chaos or disorder. It refers to a stable society where the existing social structure is supported by its members.

The **problem of order** (the Hobbesian problem} is central to much of sociology, political science and political philosophy. It asks how and why social orders should exist at all.

## Sociology

Thomas Hobbes was the first to clearly formulate the problem. He answered with the notion of a social contract.

Social theorists (such as Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons, and Jürgen Habermas) have proposed different explanations for what a social order consists of, and what its real basis is.

## Related pages

- Social control
Call of Duty 2

***Call of Duty 2*** is the second installment of the _Call of Duty_ series.
Glee: The 3D Concert Movie

***Glee: The 3D Concert Movie*** is a 2011 American 3D movie. It is based on the Fox television series _Glee_. It features the cast performing during the _Glee Live! In Concert!_ tour.
Loa

**Loa** are the spirits of Voodoo. They are also referred to as "mystères" and "the invisibles" and are intermediaries between Bondye (from French Bon Dieu, meaning "good God") and humanity. They have their own personal likes and dislikes, songs, dances, ritual symbols (Veve), and special modes of service.

The word _Loa_ (_lwa_) comes from Yoruba _olúwa_ (meaning "lord" or "God").

There are many families of loa: Rada (also Radha), Petro (also Pethro, Petwo), Agwé, Nago, Kongo and Ghede (also Guede, or Gede) among others. In a ritual the loa are called down by the _houngan_ (priest) or _mambo_ (priestess) to take part in the service, receive offerings, and grant requests.
Androgyne

**Androgyne** is the combination of man and woman, or genders related to masculinity and femininity, associated with androgyny. It is different from androgynous, as it is generally used as a gender identity, rather than being a gender expression or presentation.

## Terminology

The word is a mixture of ἀνδρ- (anér_, andr-, andro-_, man) and γυνή (gunē, gyné_, gyne_, woman).
Operation Moonshot

**Operation Moonshot** is a programme by the UK government to allow many people in England to be tested for COVID-19 as a way to allow large gatherings of people to happen there while maintaining control over the virus. According to the _British Medical Journal_, the programme aims to perform 10 million tests per day by 2021.

People are worried about it because, as a leaked government document says, it is thought it may cost £100bn, which is about three-quarters of what the NHS England costs every year. Statisticians say because any test can have inaccuracies, mass testing at this scale might cause hundreds of thousands of false positives a day, resulting in very large numbers of people being told they are infected when they are not infected.
Quesadilla

A **quesadilla** is a typical Mexican dish. It is a tortilla, with added cheese. The quesadilla is then folded, and either baked or fried. In the area around Mexico City, other ingredients such as meat, shrimp or mushrooms are added as well.
Kathleen Byerly

**Kathleen M. Bruyere** (née **Donahue**, previously **Byerly**; 5 February 19443 September 2020) was an American military captain in the United States Navy. She was one of the twelve women named by _Time_ magazine as Time Person of the Year in 1975.

In May 1975, she became the first female officer in the Navy to became the flag secretary to an admiral commanding an operational staff.

In 1977, Byerly was one of six officers who sued the United States Secretary of the Navy and the United States Secretary of Defense over their being restricted from serving on combat aircraft and ships. This led to the 1948 Women's Armed Services Integration Act being struck down as unconstitutional.

Byerly was born in Norfolk, Virginia. She died of cancer on 3 September 2020 in San Diego, California at the age of 76.
Narong Wongwan

**Narong Wongwan** (; 25 December 1925 – 10 September 2020) was a Thai politician and tobacco businessman. He was a long-term member of parliament representing Phrae.

He was the leader of the United Thai Party and the Justice Unity Party. He was publicly known as the "godfather" _(jao pho)_ of Phrae or even "godfather of the North".

From 1983 to 1986, he was the Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives. In 1992 for a short time, he was the Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand.

Wongwan died on 10 September 2020 at a hospital in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand from dementia, aged 94.
Bill Heller

**Dr. Harold William "Bill" Heller** (September 3, 1935 – September 11, 2020) was an American politician and educator. He was born in Scales Mound, Illinois. Heller was a member of the Democratic Party. From 2007 to 2011, he was a member of the Florida House of Representatives.

Heller died on September 11, 2020 in St. Petersburg, Florida at the age of 85.
H. Jay Melosh

**H. Jay Melosh** (June 23, 1947 – September 11, 2020) was an American geophysicist. His works focused in impact cratering. He was born in Paterson, New Jersey. In 2003, he became a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Melosh's research interests include impact craters, planetary tectonics, and the physics of earthquakes and landslides. His recent research includes studies of the giant impact origin of the moon and the Chicxulub impact.

Melosh died on September 11, 2020 at the age of 73.
Sei Ashina

(born **Igarashi Aya**,  November 22, 1983 – September 14, 2020) was a Japanese actress. She was best known for starring as Hime in _Kamen Rider Hibiki_. She was also known for her role as The Girl in _Silk_ (2007). Ashina was born in Fukushima, Japan.

Ashina killed herself on September 14, 2020 in Tokyo from hanging at the age of 36.
Petko Christov

**Petko Jordanov Christov**, O.F.M.Conv. (; 9 October 1950 – 14 September 2020) was a Bulgarian Roman Catholic prelate. He was a Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nicopoli from 1994 until his death. Christov was born in Velcevo, Veliko Tarnovo.

Christov was president of the Catholic charity Caritas in Bulgaria and member of the Episcopal Conference of Bulgaria.

Christov died on 14 September 2020 at the age of 69.
François Debré

**François Debré** (3 April 1942 – 14 September 2020) was a French screenwriter and journalist. He was a member of the Société des gens de lettres. He was born in Toulouse, France. He was the son of Prime Minister Michel Debré.

He joined the magazine _Afrique contemporaine_ in 1966 before becoming a freelance journalist in 1968. He worked in Biafra for _Le Monde_, and in Cambodia and Vietnam for _L'Obs_ and _Le Point_.

Debré died on 14 September 2020 in Montlouis-sur-Loire, France at the age of 78. His brother, Bernard Debré died the day before.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: François Debré
- **birth place**: Toulouse, Vichy France, France
- **death place**: Montlouis-sur-Loire, France
- **parents**: Michel Debré
- **relatives**: Bernard Debré, Jean-Louis Debré (brothers)
- **alma mater**: Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales, INALCO
- **occupation**: Writer
Journalist