juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Southern Pacific F Class 2-10-2

The **Southern Pacific Railroad F Class 2-10-2** is a Class of 180 American 2-10-2 Steam Locomotives built by ALCO and Baldwin,Lima for the Southern Pacific Railroad between 1917 and 1924 designed to pull heavy freight trains as well as pulling some passenger trains . All were scrapped in the 1950’s except for 2 preserved . One locomotive number 3721 (later scrapped) appears in the 1934 movie Murder in the Private Car .

## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: Southern Pacific F Class 2-10-2
- **builder**: ALCO,Baldwin,Lima
- **builddate**: 1917-1924
- **totalproduction**: 180
- **retiredate**: 1950-1958
- **disposition**: All scrapped except 2 preserved
- **fleetnumbers**: 3600-3769,970-981
Thatcher Perkins (Locomotive)

The **Thatcher Perkins Locomotive #147** is an American 4-6-0 type steam locomotive built by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1863 named after some unknown locomotive Engineer designer during the American Civil War between the Union and the rascist slave state Confederates in America . The locomotive pulled passenger trains and freight trains until 1892 . The locomotive even made appearances in movies in Rock Island Trail (1950 Movie) Raintree County (1957 Movie) in 1957 after World War 2. Today it is still preserved at the Railroad Museum in Baltimore in America since 1892/1893 .
Tatar (Mongolia)

**Tatar** (; 1388 – 12 June 1635) was a word that was used by the Han Chinese. The word meant the nomadic people in Mongolia. During the Ming dynasty, the word "Tatar" described the Eastern Mongols. In the early 15th century, there were 2 major Mongolian tribes. These groups were the Eastern and Western Mongolian Tribes. The eastern Mongolian grasslands had tribes that were ruled by the Northern Yuan court. These tribes were nomadic. They lived in the northern and southern Gobi Desert. The Ming dynasty called them the "Tatars." The Oirats  lived in the western Mongolian grasslands. The Western Mongolian grasslands were northwest of the Mongolian Plateau. The descendents of the Kublai Khan ruled the "Tatars". Their descendents were called the Black Tatars. The Tatars called themselves **The Forty [tümen] Mongols** (; Mongolian script: ; _Döchin Mongol_).

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Forty tümen Mongols
- **era**: Late Middle Ages
- **status**: Empire
- **government type**: Monarchy
- **year start**: 1388
- **year end**: 1635
- **event start**: Jorightu Khan Yesüder, Yesüder killed Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür, Tögüs Temür, Tianyuan Emperor of Yuan, abolished the dynastic name Great Yuan, and proclaimed himself Khan
- **event end**: Ejei Khan, Ejei surrendered to the Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin; the Mongol Empire, Great Mongol State officially perished
- **date end**: 12 June
- **p1**: Northern Yuan
- **s1**: Later Jin (1616–1636)Later Jīn
- **s2**: Outer MongoliaOuter Khalkha
- **image map**: Mongol and Oirat.png
- **image map caption**: Tribes of the Mongolian Plateau during the Ming dynasty in the 15th century
- **common languages**: Mongolian language, Mongolian (Classical Mongolian language, Classical Mongolian)
- **religion**: Shamanism, Tibetan Buddhism
- **title leader**: List of Northern Yuan khans#Period of small khans, Khagan
- **leader1**: Jorightu Khan Yesüder (first)
- **year leader1**: 1388–1391
- **leader2**: Ejei Khan (last)
- **year leader2**: 1634–1635
Idrisid dynasty

The **Idrisid dynasty** or **Idrisids** ( __) were an Arab Muslim dynasty. They ruled from 788 to 974. They ruled in most of present-day Morocco. They also ruled in some present-day western Algeria. They Idrisid dynasty is named after its founder, Idris I. The Idrisids were an Alid dynasty. The Idrisids were descendents of Muhammad through his grandson Hasan. Their reign was important in the Islamization of Morocco. In this time, many Arabs immigrated to this area. Many cities became more Muslim.

## Sources

- Ibn Abi Zar, _Rawd al-Qirtas_ (contains a chronicle of the dynasty).
- Charles-André Julien, _Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord, des origines à 1830_, Payot 1994.

## Other websites

- Y. Benhima, "The Idrisids (789-974)" in _qantara-med.org_ (2008)
- C. El Briga, "Idrisides", in _Encyclopédie berbère, vol.24_ (Edisud 2001)
- B. Duignan, "Idrīsid dynasty", in _Encyclopædia Britannica_ (2007)

## Infobox (former country)

- **conventional long name**: Idrisid dynasty
- **common name**: Idrisid dynasty
- **era**: Medieval
- **government type**: Hereditary monarchy
- **year start**: 788
- **year end**: 974
- **p1**: Berber revolt
- **s1**: Zenata kingdoms
- **s2**: Caliphate of Córdoba
- **flag border**: no
- **image map**: Idrisids-eng.PNG
- **image map caption**: Idrisid state, around 820 Common Era, CE, showing its maximal extent.
- **capital**: Volubilis, Walilli
 Fes, Morocco, Fez
 Hajar an-Nasar
- **common languages**: Arabic, Berber languages
- **title leader**: Emir
- **year leader1**: 788–791
- **leader1**: Idris I of Morocco, Idris I
- **year leader2**: 954–974
- **leader2**: Al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim
- **religion**: Islam – Sunni or Zaydi Shia (disputed)
Mexican Railroad GR-3 Class 2-8-0

The **Mexican Railroad GR-3 Class 2-8-0** is a class of 5 American built Mexican 2-8-0 type steam locomotives built in 1910,1936 by Baldwin and ALCO for the National Railways of Mexico aka the Mexican Railroad in Mexico . These locomotives were numbered 900-906 . They were retired in 1962 . One Locomotive #903 is on display while the others were retired and ether preserved or scrapped.
Aleksandr Nepomnyashchiy

**Aleksandr Evgenyevich Nepomnyashchiy** (Russian: Александр Евгеньевич Непомнящий; February 16, 1968 – April 20, 2007) was a Russian poet, singer, bard, and a member of the National Bolshevik Party. He was born in Kovrov and died in Ivanovo.

### Сhildhood and first education

Was born in Kovrov on February 16, 1968. Based on his memories, he was child prodigy. He knew the capitals of all countries, facts about the temperature and pressure on planets in our Solar System, and later became interested in studying minerals.

He did not support anti-Soviet programs, however, he started listening to Western music in sixth grade. He recorded rock bands using a tape recorder. Before learning the guitar, he played the piano but was not very good. Before joining the army, he did not write songs, however played songs by others.

In 1997, he finished the Philology department at Ivanovo State University.

### Musical creativity

When he served in the army, he started to read Dostoevsky, and in 1994, under effect, he recorded his first album in Moscow.

### Political beliefs

In an interview, Nepomnyashchy said Russia is not heading totalitarianism. He thinks it is becoming more like strong governments (Autocracy) in Latin America. He said this is because there is no big idea.

### Religious beliefs

Early albums explore themes of renouncement by God. After joined to religion, the songs using to emphasize God's love for human.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Aleksandr Nepomnyashchiy
- **native name**: Александр Непомнящий
- **birth date**: February 16, 1968
- **birth place**: Kovrov, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
- **death place**: Ivanovo, Russia
- **genre**: bard music, Bard
- **occupation**: Vocalist, musician, poet, songwriter, producer,
- **website**: http://www.nepomn.ru/
Fire Emblem: Shadow Dragon and the Blade of Light

**Fire Emblem: Shadow Dragon and the Blade of Light** (Fire Emblem: Shadow Dragon and the Blade of Light ) is a simulation role-playing game for the Family Computer released by Nintendo on April 20, 1990.This is the first game in the Fire Emblem series.

In this article, "Dark Dragon and the Sword of Light" and "New Dark Dragon and the Sword of Light" will be abbreviated to "Dark Dragon" and "New Dark Dragon" respectively as necessary.
Amon Göth

**Amon Leopold Goth** (1908–1946) was a Austrian-German Nazi military guard officer in the SS. Oskar Schindler made a deal with him to have Jews work in Schindler’s factories.

Goth was infamous for his extreme cruelty against Jewish people in Poland as a SS-Lieutenant (Untersturmfuhrer) and a SS-Captain (Hauptsturmfuhrer) from 1943–1945 who commanded a SS infantry guard platoon and a SS infantry guard company in the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp in Poland. He was executed in 1946 (aged 37) for his numerous crimes in the Holocaust such as murder.

In the 1993 _Schindler's List_ movie Amon Göth was played by Ralph Fiennes.
Tara Basro

**Tara Basro** (born June 11, 1990) is an Indonesian actress and model. She started her career in modeling by becoming a finalist in the 2005 _GADIS Sampul selection_.

## Early life

Tara was born in Jakarta on June 11, 1990. She completed her education in Australia for 4 years. In 2009, Tara studied at Bina Nusantara University, majoring in Management, but she submitted her resignation.

## Career

In 2011, Tara appeared as Putri in her first film titled Catatan (Harian) Si Boy. The following year, Tara appeared in an omnibus horror film Hi5teria. In 2013, Tara starred in Make Money with Pandji Pragiwaksono. Tara starred in four films in 2014, namely the omnibus family film Princess, Pirates and Alien, the English-language romantic drama The Right One, the Indonesian-Japanese thriller Killers, and the martial arts film Pendekar Tongkat Emas.

In 2015, Tara won the Best Actress award at the 2015 Indonesian Film Festival for her role as Sari in Joko Anwar's A Copy of My Mind

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Role|Notes||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2011|_Catatan (Harian) Si Boy_|Putri|Debut work||
|2012|_Hi5teria_|Sari|Segmen: Pasar Setan||
|2013|_Make Money_|Imelda|||
|rowspan="4"|2014|_Princess, Bajak Laut & Alien_|Ibu Kei||
|_Killers_|Dewi||||
|_The Right One_|Alice||||
|_Pendekar Tongkat Emas_|Gerhana||||
|rowspan="2"|2015|_Another Trip to the Moon_|Asa||
|_Filosofi Kopi_|Asisten pengusaha||||
|rowspan="3"|2016|_A Copy of My Mind_|Sari||
|_3 Srikandi_|Kusuma Wardhani||||
|_Ini Kisah Tiga Dara_|Ella||||
|rowspan="2"|2017|_Flutter Echoes and Notes Concerning Nature_|Pengebun gerilya|Documenter|
|_Pengabdi Setan_|Rini Suwono||||
|2018|_Hoax_|Ade|||
|rowspan="2"|2019|_Gundala_|Sedhah Esti Wulan||
|_Perempuan Tanah Jahanam_|Maya Setiawati||||
|2022|_Pengabdi Setan 2: Communion_|Rini Suwono|||

## Awards and nominations

|Year|Awards|Category|Nominated works|Results||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan= "2"|2012|rowspan= "2"|Indonesian Movie Actors Awards|Aktris Pendatang Baru Terbaik|rowspan= "2"|_Catatan (Harian) Si Boy_||
|Aktris Pendatang Baru Terfavorit||||||||
|2015|Festival Film Indonesia|Pemeran Utama Wanita Terbaik|rowspan= "4"|_A Copy of My Mind_||||
|rowspan= "3"|2016|rowspan= "2"|Indonesian Movie Actors Awards|Pemeran Utama Wanita Terbaik||||
|Pemeran Utama Wanita Terfavorit||||||||
|Usmar Ismail Awards|Pemeran Utama Wanita Terbaik|||||||
|2017|Festival Film Tempo|Aktris Utama Pilihan|_Pengabdi Setan_|||||
|rowspan= "2"|2020|Festival Film Indonesia|rowspan= "2"|Pemeran Utama Wanita Terbaik|rowspan= "2"|_Perempuan Tanah Jahanam_||
|Indonesian Box Office Movie Awards||||||||
|2022|Festival Film Wartawan Indonesia|Aktris Utama Terbaik - Genre Film Horor|_Pengabdi Setan 2: Communion_|||||

## Other websites

- Tara Basro in IMDB

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tara Basro
- **image**: Tara Basro Best Actress Festival Film Indonesia 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Tara in 2015
- **birth name**: Andi Mutiara Pertiwi Basro
- **birth place**: Jakarta, Indonesia
- **occupation**: Celebrity, Actress,
- **years active**: 2005 - present
Sonic and the Dark Knight

Sonic and _the_ **Black Knight** is an action game for the Wii released by Sega on March 12, 2009.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Sonic and the Black Knight
- **developer**: Sonic Team
- **publisher**: Sega
- **director**: Tetsu Katano
- **producer**: Tetsu Katano
- **designer**: Morio Kishimoto
- **programmer**: Makiko Nishimura
- **artist**: Yoshitaka Miura
- **writer**: Shiro Maekawa
- **series**: _Sonic the Hedgehog_
- **composer**: Jun Senoue
Yutaka Minobe
Richard Jacques
Howard Drossin
Tommy Tallarico
- **genre**: Platformer, Platform, hack and slash
- **modes**: Single-player, multiplayer
- **platforms**: Wii
Thomas-Stetson Locomotive

The **Thomas-Stetson Locomotive** or **North Pacific Coast Railroad #21** formerly the **Bodega Locomotive #5** was a 4-4-0 type cab forward steam locomotive built in 1901 by the North Pacific Coast Railroad designed to pull both passenger trains and freight trains it operated until was scrapped in 1905 . It was a 1901 rebuild of the 1875 Baldwin built 4-4-0 type locomotive #5 the **Bodega Locomotive** which was a conventional steam locomotive that was wrecked and scrapped in 1897 .

## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: Bodega Locomotive #5 4-4-0
- **builder**: Baldwin
- **builddate**: 1875
- **fleetnumbers**: 5
- **disposition**: Wrecked and Scrapped in 1897 and rebuilt as a Cab forward Locomotive in 1901
- **officialname**: Bodega


## Infobox (locomotive)

- **name**: Thomas-Stetson Locomotive #21 4-4-0
- **builder**: NPCRR
- **builddate**: 1901
- **officialname**: Thomas-Stetson
- **retiredate**: 1905
- **disposition**: Scrapped
Great Culverden Park

**Great Culverden Park** is a woodland. It is about a half of a mile from the center of Tunbridge Wells in Kent, England. It is surrounded by houses. A person can not reach the area from a public place.

The Park used to be the grounds of the _Culverden House_. It was designed by Decimus Burton for Jacob Jeddere Fisher in 1830. Rear Admiral Charles Davis Lucas, VC used to live in the Culverden House. He died there in 1914.

The house was destroyed. The Kent & Sussex Hospital was put where the house was. The hospital was destroyed in 2014. A housing development was put there. This housing development was completed in 2018.
Pawar

**Pawar** is a Hindu surname. Maratha, Mahar and Koli communities use Pawar as their surname in Maharashtra.

## Notables

- Sharad Pawar, Indian politicians
- Ameya Pawar, American politicians

## Related pages

- Parmar
Alessandro Milani

**Alessandro Milani Scalchi** (born 14 June 2006) is an Italian-Venezuelan football defender. He currently plays for the Venezuelan youth national team and Italian club S.S. Lazio.

### Early career

Milani began his youth career at local side Polisportiva Carso, before joining the S.S. Lazio academy in 2018. He progressed through the ranks and became a regular for the Primavera squad.

### Club career

On 5 December 2024, Milani was included in the first team squad for the first time after being named on the bench for Lazio's Coppa Italia match against Napoli. Milani was also included in the squad for the Europa League matches against Ludogorets Razgrad and Viktoria Plzeň, but did not play.

### International career

Milani represented Italy at various youth levels, including the U17, U18, and U19 teams. In 2025, he opted to represent Venezuela at the U20 level, making four appearances in international youth competitions.  was included in the  Venezuelan squad for the South American Under-20 Championship in 2025. On 26 May 2025, Venezuela's senior national team was called up for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualifiers.

## Other websites

- Profile at Transfermarkt
- Profile at SofaScore (if available)

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Alessandro Milani
- **fullname**: Alessandro Milani Scalchi
- **birth place**: Latina, Lazio, Latina, Lazio, Italy
- **height**: 178 cm
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **currentclub**: S.S. Lazio, Lazio
- **clubnumber**: 78
- **youthyears1**: ?–2018
- **youthclubs1**: Polisportiva Carso, Carso
- **youthyears2**: 2018–
- **youthclubs2**: S.S. Lazio, Lazio
- **years1**: 2025–
- **clubs1**: S.S. Lazio, Lazio
- **caps1**: 0
- **goals1**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2021–2022
- **nationalteam1**: Italy national under-17 football team, Italy U17
- **nationalcaps1**: 11
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2022–2023
- **nationalteam2**: Italy national football team, Italy U18
- **nationalcaps2**: 6
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **nationalyears3**: 2023
- **nationalteam3**: Italy national football team, Italy U19
- **nationalcaps3**: 2
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
- **nationalyears4**: 2025–
- **nationalteam4**: Venezuela national under-20 football team, Venezuela U20
- **nationalcaps4**: 4
- **nationalgoals4**: 0
- **club-update**: 22 May 2025
- **nationalteam-update**: 31 January 2025
Dacia Ripensis

**Dacia Ripensis** () was a Roman province in the northern Balkan peninsula. This province was south of the Middle Danube. Its capital was Ratiaria (modern Archar, Bulgaria). This province did not have many cities. Instead, the province was very militarized. Ratiaria and Oescus were the two major cities in the province.

## Famous people

- Aurelian, Roman emperor from 270 to 275, was probably born in Dacia Ripensis.
- Roman Emperor Galerius was born in Dacia Ripensis.
- Constantius Chlorus, Roman emperor from 293 to 306, born in Dacia Ripensis, .

## Related pages

- Dacia
- Roman Dacia

## Infobox (former subdivision)

- **native name**:

- **conventional long name**: Dacia Ripensis
- **common name**: Dacia Ripensis
- **image map**: Balkans 6th century.svg
- **image map caption**: The northern Balkans, including Dacia Ripensis, in the 6th century
- **subdivision**: Province
- **nation**: Roman Empire
- **year start**: 280s
- **year end**: 586
- **life span**: 283 – 586
- **capital**: Ratiaria <small>(now in Vidin Province, Bulgaria)</small>
- **event pre**: Evacuation of Roman Dacia, Dacia Traiana, creation of Dacia Aureliana
- **date pre**: 271
- **event start**: Dacia Aureliana partitioned
- **date start**: before AD 285
- **event1**: Captured by the Huns
- **event end**: Devastated by Avars (Carpathians), Avar invasion
- **p1**: Dacia Aureliana
- **s1**: Pannonian Avars
Lali Espósito

**Mariana "Lali" Espósito** (Born, October 10, 1991) is an Argentine actress, singer and composer.

## Biography

Mariana Espósito was born on October 10, 1991, in Buenos Aires. She is the youngest daughter of María José Riera, a medical representative, and Carlos Espósito, a soccer coach. She has two siblings, Ana Laura and Patricio. Espósito is of Italian descent through her great-grandparents.

Her nickname was given to her by her brother, thirteen months older than her, who as a child couldn't call her "Mari" and began calling her "Lali".

### Political vision

Following the August 2023 presidential primary elections, Espósito made her stance towards Javier Milei clear on social media: "How dangerous. How sad," she wrote, referring to the results that favored the then-candidate. This statement sparked a media confrontation, as Milei responded that she did not know who he was, which intensified criticism of her from her followers.

Espósito also denounced attempts to harm her booking for municipal events and, during the **Cosquín Rock festival** in the province of Córdoba, changed the lyrics of one of her songs in response to the accusations received. Later, from Italy, Milei shared new negative messages towards Espósito on Twitter, in which she was accused of charging large sums of money for shows in various provinces and of being a "Kirchnerist militant", which sparked further criticism of her for supposedly receiving public funds.

### Relationships

From 2006 to 2010, Espósito was in a relationship with her _Chiquititas_ and _Casi Ángeles_ co-star Peter Lanzani, whom she called her "first love". The couple is still a fan favourite in Argentina and they remained good friends after their breakup.

In 2010, Espósito began dating singer and actor Benjamín Amadeo after they met in _Casi Ángeles_. Espósito and Amadeo announced their breakup in 2015, but they and their families remained close friends, making several public appearances together.

From late 2015 to early 2016, Espósito was in a highly publicized relationship with her _Esperanza Mía_ co-star Mariano Martinez. In 2017 Espósito began dating sound engineer Santiago Mocorrea; they broke up in 2020. Since 2024, she has been in a relationship with media personality Pedro Rosemblat.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **label**: Sony Music Latin, Sony Argentina


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lali Espósito
- **image**: Lali 2019 3 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Espósito in 2018
- **birth name**: Mariana Espósito
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **years active**: 2003–present
Kevin Poulsen

**Kevin Lee Poulsen** (born November 30, 1965) is an American journalist and former computer hacker. He used to work as a senior editor at _Wired_ and now writes for _The Daily Beast_. In the past, he was known as a black-hat hacker and was sent to prison for computer crimes.

## Early life

Kevin Poulsen was born in Pasadena, California, on November 30, 1965.

## Hacking and Arrest

In 1990, Poulsen hacked the phone lines of a radio station in Los Angeles (KIIS-FM). He made sure he would be the 102nd caller and won a Porsche car.

When the FBI tried to catch him, Poulsen ran away and became a fugitive. Later, he was featured on the TV show _Unsolved Mysteries_, and strangely, the phone lines of the show stopped working. He was arrested in 1991.

In 1994, Poulsen pleaded guilty to computer hacking, fraud, and wiretapping. He was sent to prison for five years. After prison, he was banned from using computers and the internet for three more years. He was the first American to get this kind of ban.

## Related pages

- DEF CON
- Kevin Mitnick
- List of computer criminals
- _The Secret History of Hacking_, a 2001 documentary film featuring Kevin Mitnick

## Further reading

- Jonathan Littman, _The Watchman: The Twisted Life and Crimes of Serial Hacker Kevin Poulsen_, 1997, publisher: Little, Brown.

## Other websites

- KevinPoulsen.com; Poulsen's personal website
- Threat Level (former 27BStroke6) Blog by Kevin Poulsen and Ryan Singel

## Infobox (criminal)

- **child**: yes
- **conviction**: seven counts of conspiracy, fraud, and intercepting wire communications
- **conviction penalty**: 51 months in federal prison, banned from using computers without permission from his probation officer
- **conviction status**: released


## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Kevin Poulsen 2014.png
- **caption**: Poulsen in 2014
- **birth name**: Kevin Lee Poulsen
- **birth place**: Pasadena, California, Pasadena, California, United States
- **occupation**: Contributing editor at _The Daily Beast_
- **alias**: Dark Dante
- **children**: 2
- **module**: **Criminal information**
Key rollover

**Key rollover** is the ability of a keyboard to detect multiple key presses at once. A keyboard with **n-key rollover (NKRO)** can detect every key you press, no matter how many are held down at the same time.

## Keyboard usage

Most people press one key at a time when typing. But in gaming or fast typing, you might press several keys together. For example, holding _Shift_ to sprint while pressing _W_ to move and _Space_ to jump.

Some typing systems, like stenography or Braille keyboards, need many keys pressed at once. Games also often require holding down movement keys while pressing others to interact.

## n-key rollover

NKRO means the keyboard treats each key independently. It won’t miss or mix up keys, even if many are pressed. This is important for fast typing, stenography, and games.

To work properly, the keyboard must send all key data to the computer. USB keyboards usually use the _HID report protocol_, which supports full NKRO. Some older modes, like the _boot protocol_, only support a few keys at once.

## Multi-key rollover

Cheaper keyboards don’t have full NKRO. They may miss keys or register the wrong one if too many are pressed. This happens because of how the keyboard's wiring is set up.

A **2-key rollover** keyboard can only handle two keys at once. Pressing a third may cause a wrong key to be sent. Higher-quality keyboards use smarter designs to support more keys and avoid these errors.

## Key jamming and ghosting

- _Ghosting_: When pressing three keys makes the keyboard think a fourth key was pressed.
- _Jamming_: When the keyboard blocks extra keys to stop ghosting. Some keys just won’t register.

High-end or gaming keyboards often add  to prevent this. These keyboards can detect any number of key presses without errors. Some gaming keyboards only add diodes to keys used the most, like _WASD_.

## Related pages

- Keyboard technology
- Stenotype
- Charlieplexing

## Other websites

- Key rollover test
2022-23 La Liga

The **2022-23 La Liga** was the 92nd season of La Liga. It was started on 12 August 2022. It was ended on 4 June 2023. Barcelona was won 2022-23 La Liga.

## Infobox (football league season)

- **competition**: La Liga
- **season**: 2022–23 in Spanish football, 2022–23
- **winners**: FC Barcelona, Barcelona
<small>27th title</small>
- **relegated**: Real Valladolid, Valladolid
RCD Espanyol, Espanyol
Elche CF, Elche
- **continentalcup1**: 2023–24 UEFA Champions League, Champions League
- **continentalcup1 qualifiers**: Barcelona
Real Madrid CF, Real Madrid
Atlético Madrid
Real Sociedad
Sevilla FC, Sevilla (as 2023 UEFA Europa League final, Europa League winners)
- **continentalcup2**: 2023–24 UEFA Europa League, Europa League
- **continentalcup2 qualifiers**: Villarreal CF, Villarreal
Real Betis
- **matches**: 380
- **total goals**: 955
- **best player**: Marc-André ter Stegen
- **league topscorer**: Robert Lewandowski
(23 goals)
- **best goalkeeper**: Marc-André ter Stegen
(0.49 goals/match)
- **biggest home win**: Real Madrid 6–0 Valladolid
(2 April 2023)
- **biggest away win**: Cádiz CF, Cádiz 0–4 Athletic Bilbao
(29 August 2022)
Cádiz 0–4 Barcelona
(10 September 2022)
Elche 0–4 Barcelona
(1 April 2023)
- **highest scoring**: Girona FC, Girona 3–5 Real Sociedad
(3 October 2022)
Girona 6–2 UD Almería, Almería
(17 February 2023)
- **longest wins**: Barcelona
(7 matches) (twice)
- **longest unbeaten**: Atlético Madrid
Barcelona
(13 matches)
- **longest winless**: Elche
(19 matches)
- **longest losses**: Elche
Espanyol
(6 matches)
- **highest attendance**: 95,745
Barcelona 2–1 Real Madrid
(19 March 2023)
- **lowest attendance**: 8,879
Girona 6–2 Almería
(17 February 2023)
- **prevseason**: 2021–22 La Liga, 2021–22
- **nextseason**: 2023–24 La Liga, 2023–24
- **continentalcup3**: 2023–24 UEFA Europa Conference League, Europa Conference League
- **continentalcup3 qualifiers**: CA Osasuna, Osasuna
- **league topscorer section**: Top goalscorers
- **attendancecalc**: 11236873
Garanti BBVA

**Garanti BBVA** (legal name **Türkiye Garanti Bankası A.Ş.**; formerly referred to as **Garanti Bank** in English) is a private bank founded in Ankara in 1946. It is the second largest private bank in Turkey, with consolidated assets reaching US$107 billion as of September 30, 2014.

## Ownership

The shares of the stock of Garanti Bank are traded on the Borsa Istanbul, LSE and OTCQX. The shareholding in the bank's stock is as depicted in the table below:

|Rank|Name of owner|Percentage ownership|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1|Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA)|86.00|
|3|Others|14.00|
||**Total**|**100.00**|

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Garanti BBVA
- **logo**: Garanti_BBVA_2019.svg
- **image**: Edificio Garanti BBVA - Turquía.jpg
- **image caption**: Garanti BBVA headquarters in Istanbul, Türkiye.
- **type**: S.A. (corporation), Anonim Şirket
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **industry**: Banking, financial services
- **revenue**: 15.53 billion (2024)
- **operating income**: 3.50 billion (2024)
- **net income**: 2.64 billion (2024)
- **assets**: 88.23 billion (2024)
- **equity**: 9.52 billion (2024)
- **num employees**: 22,016 (2023)
- **owner**: Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, BBVA (85.97%)
- **location city**: Istanbul
- **location country**: Turkey
Zacharias (Sudanese king of Nobatia)

**Zacharias** was a Nubian king who ruled in the 7th century. Zacharias, son of Barky, is mentioned in some Arabic sources around the Mosque of Fustat, where he’s referred to as king several times. It isn’t certain in which of the Nubian kingdoms he ruled, but Nobatia is usually assumed. Zacharias is reported to have donated a carved minbar to the Mosque of Fustat. This is said to have happened during the reign of Abd Allāh ibn Saʿd ibn Abī Sarh (645–655).

## Literature

- Derek A. Welsby: _The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia_. London 2002, p. 69, ISBN 0-7141-1947-4

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Zacharias
- **title**: list of monarchs of Nubia, Nubian King of Nobatia
Aburni

**Aburni** was a king of Nobatia who ruled around 450 AD as the successor of Silko. Aburni is known from a letter found in Qasr Ibrim. The letter, written in poor Greek, was addressed by the king of the Blemmyians, Phonen, and his son, the Phylarch Breytek, to Aburni and his sons Nakase and Mouses. It is the reply to a lost letter. In the letter, Phonen makes it clear that he is an enemy of the Nobatians and mentions various conflicts he had with Silko and his successor Aburni. Phonen reports animals being exchanged for land, whereupon Silko killed the Blemmyrian Phylarch Yeny and abducted numerous priests. It remains unclear whether Phonen got his land back. However, Phonen is the last attested ruler of the Blemmyrians and one may assume that Aburni succeeded in destroying them and taking over their empire.

## Literature

- Derek A. Welsby: _The Mediaval Kingdoms of Nubia. Pagans, Christians and Muslims along the Middle Nile._ British Museum Press, London 2002, ISBN 0-7141-1947-4, pp. 17–18.
- T. C. Skeat: _A Letter from the King of the Blemmyes to the King of the Noubades._ In: _Journal of Egyptian Archaeology._ Vol. 63, 1977, , pp. 159–170.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Aburni
- **title**: List of monarchs of Nubia, Nubian King of Nobatia
- **predecessor**: Silko (Sudanese king), Silko
- **successor**: Eiparnome (Sudanese King), Eiparnome
Tokiltoeton

**Tokiltoeton** was a Nubian king in the kingdom of Nobatia who ruled in the 6th century. Tokiltoeton is known primarily from a foundation inscription from the fortified settlement of Ikhmindi in Lower Nubia, which speaks of the foundation of a "building." The inscription can be dated to the second half of the 6th century. Interpretation of the inscription shows that the "building" referred to the defensive structure of the city to be founded.

## Literature

- Friedrich Wilhelm Deichmann, Peter Grossmann: _Nubian Research._ German Archaeological Institute. Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1988, p. 86.
- Derek A. Welsby: _The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia._ British Museum Press. London 2002, ISBN=0-7141-1947-4, p. 37, 38}

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Tokiltoeton
- **title**: List of monarchs of Nabatia, Nubian king of Nobatia
- **predecessor**: Eiparnome (Sudanese King), Eiparnome
- **successor**: W-r-p-y-w-l
I Know Why

"**I Know Why**" is a song by Sheryl Crow.

## Music video

It premiered on CMT on January 5, 2006.

The video debuted at number 19 on CMT's _Top 20 Countdown_ for the week of January 26, 2006.
King's Cup

**King Cup** (sometimes spelled as **King's Cup**, also known as **The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques' Cup**) is a Saudi Arabian football knockout cup competition. It is second oldest football knockout cup competition after Crown Prince's Cup.

## History

It was created for the first time in 1957 and was played annually until 1990, it was recreated on 2008. It was redesigned on 2024.

In 2023, Mohammed bin Salman was entered the King's Cup final in Jeddah.

## Winners

|Year|Winners||
| --- | --- | --- |
|1966|Al-Wehda (1)||
|1967|Al-Ittihad (1)||
|1968|Al-Ettifaq (1)||
|1969|Al-Ahli (1)||
|1976|Al-Nassr (1)||
|1977|Al-Ahli (2)||
|1978|Al-Ahli (3)||
|1979|Al-Ahli (4)||
|1980|Al-Hilal (1)||
|1981|Al-Nassr (2)||
|1982|Al-Hilal (2)||
|1983|Al-Ahli (5)||
|1984|Al-Hilal (3)||
|1985|Al-Ettifaq (2)||
|1986|Al-Nassr (3)||
|1987|Al-Nassr (4)||
|1988|Al-Ittihad (2)||
|1989|Al-Hilal (4)||
|1990|Al-Nassr (5)||
|1991–2007|colspan=4 style="text-align:center;"|Not held|
|2008|Al-Shabab (1)||
|2009|Al-Shabab (2)||
|2010|Al-Ittihad (3)||
|2011|Al-Ahli (6)||
|2012|Al-Ahli (7)||
|2013|Al-Ittihad (4)||
|2014|Al-Shabab (3)||
|2015|Al-Hilal (5)||
|2016|Al-Ahli (8)||
|2017|Al-Hilal (6)||
|2018|Al-Ittihad (5)||
|2019|Al-Taawoun (1)||
|2020|Al-Hilal (7)||
|2021|Al-Faisaly (1)||
|2022|Al-Fayha (1)||
|2023|Al-Hilal (8)||
|2024|Al-Hilal (9)||

## Infobox (football tournament)

- **name**: The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques' Cup
- **founded**:
 (Re-established)
- **number of teams**: 32
- **region**: Saudi Arabia
- **organiser**: Saudi Arabian Football Federation (**SAFF**)
- **current champions**: Al-Hilal FC, Al-Hilal (11th title)
- **most successful club**: Al Ahli Saudi FC, Al-Ahli (13 titles)
- **broadcasters**: Shahid (streaming platform), Shahid (streaming)
 Saudi Sports Company, SSC
AlRiyadiyah, KSA SPORT (Final Only)
- **current**: 2024–25 King's Cup (Saudi Arabia), 2024–25 King's Cup
- **domestic cup**: Saudi Super Cup
- **qualifier for**: AFC Champions League Two
Peter Platzer

**Peter Platzer** (29 May 1910 in Vienna - 13 December 1959) was an Austrian football goalkeeper. He played in goal for all matches of the 1934 FIFA World Cup. With SK Admira Wien he won the league title four times. After the occupation of Austria by Nazi-Germany Peter Platzer was also called up to the national team and became German runner-up in the German championship with the Admira.

## Career

In his youth, Peter Platzer first played for Rag Wien. 1925 he moved to SC Metallum Wien. There, he became goalkeeper in the first team in 1926.  Platzer continued his football career in 1927 as a professional  for Brigittenauer AC. 1929 he went to Floridsdorfer AC where he stayed till 1934.

During the 1933/34 season, he moved to  SK Admira Wien. With Admira he became Austrian champion four times. After the occupation of Austria by Nazi-Germany Admira reached the final of the German championship versus Schalke 04. Peter Platzer ended his career in 1940.

## International

On 4 October 1931, he made his first appearance for the national team in a 2-2 draw versus Hungary. However, his appearance was limited to a few minutes . Rudolf Hiden was injured, so he played the final minutes .

After Rudi Hiden left for France in 1933 he became new starting goalkeeper. He made his debut in the 1-2 defeat to Czechoslovakia, which marked the end of the Wunderteam. He played all matches in the 1934 World Cup. His last match was a 1-2 versus  Czechoslovakia on 24 October 1937.

## International statistics

- Austria
|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="6"|Austria|1931|1|0|
|1933|6|0|||
|1934|11|0|||
|1935|3|0|||
|1936|4|0|||
|1937|6|0|||
- Germany
|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="1"|Germany|1939|2|0|

## Honours

- 1 x Mitropa Cup Final: 1934 (Admira)
- 4 x Austrian Champions: 1934, 1936, 1937, 1939 (Admira)
- 1 x Austrian Runner-up: 1935 (Admira)
- 1 x German Runner-up: 1939 (Admira)
- 1934 World Cup Semi-final
- 31 caps for the Austrian national football team
- 2 caps for the German national football team

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Peter Platzer
- **birth place**: Vienna, Austria-Hungary
- **position**: Goalkeeper
- **youthyears1**: -1925
- **youthclubs1**: Rag Wien
- **youthyears2**: 1925 -1927
- **youthclubs2**: SC Metallum Wien
- **years1**: 1927-1929
- **years2**: 1929-1934
- **years3**: 1934-1940
- **years4**: –1952
- **clubs1**: Brigittenauer AC
- **clubs2**: Floridsdorfer AC
- **clubs3**: SK Admira Wien
- **nationalyears1**: 1931-1937
- **nationalteam1**: Austria national football team, Austria
- **nationalcaps1**: 31
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalteam2**: Germany national football team, Germany
- **nationalcaps2**: 2
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
International Seismological Centre

The **International Seismological Centre** (**ISC**) is a group that studies earthquakes around the world. It is not run by any government and doesn't make money. It was started in 1964 to collect and study earthquake data from many countries, especially from a new system called the World-Wide Standard Seismograph Network (WWSSN). The ISC's main job is to gather all the earthquake information it can, check it carefully, and make a trusted list of earthquakes. Many experts see the ISC’s earthquake list as the best and most complete.

## References

- .

- .

- .

- .

- .

- .

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: International Seismological Centre
- **formation**: 1964
- **leader title**: Director
- **leader name**: Dmitry Storchak
- **website**: http://www.isc.ac.uk/
- **num staff**: 20 (2018)
Charamadoye

**Charamadoye** was a king of Nobatia who reigned around CE 410/420.

## Biography

He’s known only from an inscription he had placed on the Mandulis temple in Kalabsha in Lower Nubia, which is the final known inscription in Meroitic. The content of the inscription is barely comprehensible, but at least one can currently understand that Charamadoye called himself king -_qore_. Furthermore, a victory over a king Yismeniye is probably recorded. This ruler may have been the king of the Blemmyians, known from other sources as Isemne. The political situation in Nubia after the fall of the Meroitic Empire remains completely unclear, but we know from ancient sources that the Blemmyes, who previously ruled only in the desert, managed to conquer Lower Nubian cities and establish a kingdom in Lower Nubia. At the same time, the kingdom of Nobatia emerged just south, probably as the successor state to the Meroites, and was apparently in constant conflict with the Blemmyes.

## Literature

- Derek A. Welsby, _The Mediaeval Kingdoms of Nubia_, London 2002, pp. 16–17, ISBN 0-7141-1947-4
- László Török, in: _Fontes Historiae Nubiorum, Vol. III_, Bergen 1998, pp. 1103–1107, ISBN 8291626073

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Charamadoye
- **title**: List of monarchs of Nubia, Nubian King of Nobatia
- **successor**: Silko (Sudanese king), Silko
Kwatha Pham Kaaba

**Kwatha Pham Kaaba** (), also spelled as **Kwatha Pham Kaba**, is a 2024 Meitei language documentary, directed by Khaba Maimom, that explores Pham Kaaba, a traditional ceremony held in Kwatha village, Manipur. The event marks the appointment of one of the twelve village headmen and serves as the community’s most important celebration.
It shows the transmission of cultural knowledge to the younger generation. The film underscores the importance of preserving heritage while facing the realities of change.

## Release

Kwatha Pham Kaaba premiered on July 27, 2024, at the auditorium hall of the Manipur State Film Development Society (MSFDS) in Imphal.

## Nomination

In 2025, Kwatha Pham Kaba has been submitted for the Best Debutant Director award in the Non-Feature category, by its director Khaiba Maibam.

## Cultural significance

The film highlights the village’s strong cultural values, focusing on themes of loyalty, responsibility, and social cohesion. The Pham Kaaba ceremony reflects the deep-rooted traditions and communal spirit of the Meitei people in Kwatha.

## Representation

The documentary offers a realistic portrayal of Kwatha’s everyday life. It presents the local people, their food, clothing, customs, and beliefs with visual and emotional authenticity. It also captures the setting and natural environment in detail.

## Socio-economic context

The film shows the challenges of living in a remote hilltop area, far from urban infrastructure. Despite economic hardships, the villagers lead content lives. Their sense of community and cultural pride is a central theme.

## Cross-border influence

Due to Kwatha’s location near the Myanmar border, the film documents influences from Myanmar in local attire and lifestyle. These elements reflect a blending of cultures in border regions.

## Tradition and modernity

The documentary illustrates how traditional values coexist with aspects of globalization. This balance is shown as part of the community’s evolving identity, where heritage is preserved while adapting to modern changes.

## Sound and atmosphere

Ambient village sounds play a significant role in creating an immersive experience. These soundscapes contribute to a deeper understanding of daily life and the natural environment of Kwatha.

## Impact

The film evokes reflection on the loss of communal bonds in modern, fast-paced societies. It invites viewers to consider the importance of community, tradition, and cultural continuity.

## Related pages

- Meitei festivals
- Kwatha Festival
- Kwatha Khunou (Kwatha Khunnou)
- Konthong Lairembi
- Burmese–Meitei relations
- Meitei people in Myanmar
- Lai Haraoba in Myanmar

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Kwatha Pham Kaaba

- **director**: Khaba Maimom
- **based on**: Kwatha traditions
- **starring**: Meitei people of Kwatha village
- **language**: Meitei language (Manipuri)
Nobatia

**Nobatia**  or **Nobadia** (; Greek: Νοβαδία, _Nobadia_; Old Nubian: ⲙⲓⲅⲛ̅ _Migin_ or ⲙⲓⲅⲓⲧⲛ︦ ⲅⲟⲩⲗ, _Migitin Goul_ lit. "_of Nobadia's land_") was a late antique kingdom in Lower Nubia. Together with the two other Nubian kingdoms, Makuria and Alodia, it succeeded the kingdom of Kush. After its establishment in around 400, Nobadia gradually expanded by defeating the Blemmyes in the north and incorporating the territory between the second and third Nile cataract in the south. In 543, it converted to Coptic Christianity. It would then be annexed by Makuria, under unknown circumstances, during the 7th century.

### Paganism

Since Ptolemaic times, the "state religion" of Lower Nubia had been the Isis cult of Philae. Its importance outlived the Ptolemaic and Meroitic period and Nubian pilgrims continued to travel to Philae. The temple on Philae was eventually shut down between 535 and 538 and Nubians were forbidden to enter.
Another Isis cult, the Greco-Roman mysteries of Isis, has been confirmed to be practised in Nobadia by an unearthed shrine in Qasr Ibrim. This cult was practised during Meroitic times as well.

### Christianity

As confirmed by epigraphical and archaeological evidence, Christianity was already present among parts of the Nobadian society even before the official conversion of 543. The Nobadian elite might have started considering to convert to Christianity in the 530s, parallel to when the Isis temple was shut down. Christianity proceeded to spread through Nobadia on various levels at different speeds. Towns, for example, were quick in adopting the new religion, while the Christianization of the villages was not accomplished until the 7th–9th centuries. South of the second cataract, Christianity seems to have begun spreading later than in the north, possibly since the late 6th or early 7th century. Many ancient Egyptian temples were converted to churches and plastered with Christian wall paintings.

## Infobox (country)

- **native name**: ⲙⲓⲅⲛ̅
ⲙⲓⲅⲓⲧⲛ︦ ⲅⲟⲩⲗ
- **conventional long name**: Nobatia
- **common name**: Nobatia
- **era**: Late Antiquity/Early Middle Ages
- **government type**: Monarchy
- **event end**: Integrated into Makuria
- **p1**: Kingdom of Kush
- **s1**: Makuria
- **flag s1**: The flag of the 'Kingdom of Dongola' (Makuria) in the "Book of all kingdoms" (C. 1350).png
- **image map**: Christian Nubia.png
- **image map caption**: Nobatia and the other Christian Nubian kingdoms.
- **capital**: Pachoras
- **common languages**: Old Nubian language, Nubian
Medieval Greek, Greek
Coptic language, Coptic
- **religion**: Isis, Isis cult

Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Coptic Orthodox Christianity <small>(From 543)</small>
- **leader1**: Charamadoye (Sudanese king of Nobatia),  Charamadoye
- **leader2**: Silko (Sudanese king), Silko
- **leader3**: Aburni (Sudanese king of Nobatia), Aburni
- **leader4**: Eiparnome (Sudanese King), Eiparnome
- **leader5**: Tokiltoeton (Sudanese king of Nobatia), Tokiltoeton
- **leader6**: W-r-p-y-w-l (maybe read Awarfiula or Orfiulo)
- **leader7**: Zacharias (Sudanese king of Nobatia), Zacharias
- **title leader**: King of Nobatia
- **today**: Sudan
Egypt
Vijay Kanakamedala

**Vijay Kanakamedala** is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works in Telugu films. He best known for his films _Naandhi_ and _Ugram_.

## Career

Vijay is from Bhadrachalam, he completed his B.Sc. in Computer Science. He then pursued film studies at a Film Institute Hyderabad and worked as an assistant to the director K. Balachander. Later he worked as a assistant director for Harish Shankar in the films _Mirapakay_, _Gabbar Singh_ and _DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham_.

In 2021, he made his directorial debut with _Naandhi_, featuring Allari Naresh and Varalaxmi Sarathkumar, which got him praises from critics. Sangeetha Devi of _The Hindu_ described "_Naandhi_ marks as a confident directorial debut for Vijay Kanakamedala", In 2023, Vijay once again collaborated with Allari Naresh for the film _Ugram_ received mixed reviews from critics.

In 2025, he directed _Bhairavam_ the official remake of tamil film _Garudan_ starring Bellamkonda Sreenivas, Manchu Manoj and Nara Rohith.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Cast|Notes|Ref.|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2021|_Naandhi_|Allari Naresh, Varalakshmi Sarath Kumar|Directorial debut||
|2023|_Ugram_|Allari Naresh, Mirnaa Menon|||
|2025|_Bhairavam_|Bellamkonda Sreenivas, Manchu Manoj, Nara Rohith|||

## Awards and nominations

|scope="col"|Award|scope="col"|Category|scope="col"|Work|scope="col"|Result|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Sakshi Excellence Awards|Jury Special Recognisition Award|rowspan="3"|_Naandhi_|||||
|20th Santosham Film Awards|Santosham EVV Smaraka Award|||||||
|South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards|SIIMA Award for Best Debut Director – Telugu|Best Debut Director – Telugu|||||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Vijay Kanakamedala
- **birth name**: Vijay Kanakamedala
- **birth date**: 31-08-1983
- **birth place**: Andhra Pradesh, India
- **occupation**: Film director, screenwriter
- **years active**: 2021present
- **nationality**: Indian