juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Thurgood Marshall

**Thurgood Marshall** (July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American jurist and the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. Thurgood Marshall, earlier named Thoroughgood Marshall (which he changed in 2nd or 3rd grade), was born in Baltimore, Maryland. Marshall served on the Court from 1967 to 1991. In 1946 he was awarded the Springarn Medal for all his achievements and hard work for the NAACP. Marshall had been one of the NAACP's top lawyers. He was one of the lawyers who argued _Brown v. Board of Education_. He was also Solicitor General of the United States.

Thurgood Marshall attended Frederick Douglass High School in Baltimore, Maryland and was in the class with the brightest students. He graduated a year early in 1925 with a B-grade average, and was in the top three of his class. In 1929, he married Vivian Burey. He went on to attend Lincoln University and graduated in 1930. He applied to the University of Maryland Law School, but was denied admission because he was black. He later joined the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) and became an active member. In 1934, Marshall became director of the NAACP, Legal Defense and for an Educational Fund. He won his first major civil rights case in Maryland in 1935 with the help of Charles Houston. He won 29 of 32 Supreme Court cases. He went on to argue thirty-two cases before the Supreme Court in 1940. Marshall argued in the Smith v. Allwright which disputed the Texan government preventing the rights of black people from voting in 1944. He also fought in the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka about racial segregation in public schools in 1948, which was one of the biggest cases of the century. In 1954 the Supreme Court ended racial segregation in public schools. This was a rule violation of the 14th Amendment. It made way for integration and was a major victory of the civil rights movement. He then went on to investigate U.S. Army courts-martial in 1950-1951, in Japan and Korea to help African American soldiers. In 1961 John F. Kennedy appointed him to the US Court of Appeals and he won 29 cases before attending the Supreme Court.

He fought for individual rights. He wrote that "_A child born to a black mother in a state like Mississippi….. has the same rights as a white boy born to the wealthiest person the United States. It’s not true, but I challenge anyone to say it is not a goal worth working for.._" Marshall believed that both blacks and whites should have equal rights but it was not happening in the United States. He thought it was right for both rich and poor children to have equal rights. This quote had to do with Thurgood Marshall’s life because he was not rich but his parents and teachers worked hard to help him become a lawyer. He had to memorize the constitution. As a lawyer, he fought to end segregation between blacks and whites.

An elementary school in Seattle, WA was named after him.
Ardipithecus kadabba

***Ardipithecus kadabba*** (abbreviated ***Ar. kadabba***) is a species of very early hominid. It is now extinct. It lived from around 5.8 million to 5.2 million years ago.

It is one of two species in the genus _Ardipithecus._ The other is _Ardipithecus ramidus_.

The name "kadabba" refers to the word for "oldest ancestor" in the Afar language of Ethiopia.

## Discoveries

The first _Ar. kadabba_ fossil was found in 1997 by paleoanthropologist Yohannes Haile-Selassie. At first, he thought the fossil came from a subspecies of _Ar. ramidus._ Then he found another 11 specimens from at least 5 individuals.

These specimens included hand and foot bones, partial arm bones, and a collarbone. They were later dated to be 5.6 million to 5.8 million years old.

In 2002, scientists found six _Ar. kadabba_ teeth at the Asa Koma archaeological site in the Afar Depression. These confirmed that _Ar. kadabba_ was its own unique species, not a subspecies of _A. ramidus._ Scientists later learned that _Ar. kadabba_ came before _Ar. ramidus_ and was probably its ancestor.

In total, scientists have found 19 _Ar. kadabba_ specimens that include parts of the teeth, jaw, feet, and hands and arms.

## Description

A 5.2-million-year-old toe bone found by Haile-Selassie shows an adaptation for walking upright. This suggests that _Ar. kadabba_ may have been bipedal.

Their bodies and brains were probably a similar size to modern chimpanzees'. Their diet probably included a lot of tough, fibrous foods, like hard nuts.

Based on fossil animal evidence found near _Ar. kadabba_ remains, the species lived in a wooded area with access to permanent fresh water sources (like lakes and springs). The area included swamps and grasslands.
Jonathan Nott

**Jonathan Nott** (born Solihull, England in 1963) is an English conductor. He was a choral scholar at the University of Cambridge, and also studied singing and flute in Manchester and conducting in London.

In 1988, he started his career as conductor. He became music director at the Lucerne Theatre, and principal conductor of the Lucerne Symphony Orchestra from 1997 to 2002. He made recordings of works by György Ligeti with the Berlin Philharmonic. Nott often conducts the Ensemble InterContemporain (EIC). Since 2000 he has been conductor of the Bamberg Symphony Orchestra.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 5 & 8_ (2005)
- _Mahler: Symphony No. 9_ (2009)
Ardipithecus ramidus

***Ardipithecus ramidus*** is an extinct species of very early hominid. Its scientific name is abbreviated as ***Ar. ramidus***. This species lived in the Afar Depression in Ethiopia from about 5.8 to 4.4 million years ago.

## Discoveries

Between 1992-1994, paleoanthropologist Tim White and his team found _Ar. ramidus_ fossils that included 45% of a complete skeleton and the remains of 35 separate individuals. These fossils were dated to around 4.4 million years ago. In 2005, fossils from another 9 individuals were discovered.

_Ar. ramidus_ was named after the word _ramid_, which means "root" in the Afar language of Ethiopia.

### Walking

_Ar. ramidus_ had adaptations that allowed it to walk upright (bipedalism) or to live in the trees (an arboreal lifestyle). We know it did not walk on its knuckles. It probably spent a lot of time in the trees and could not walk on two feet for very long.

It would have been less efficient at running and walking than members of _Australopithecus_ or _Homo._ Still, its ability to walk on two feet makes it extremely important to human evolution. It could also leap like bonobos can.

### Brain & skull

_Ar. ramidus's_ brain volume was about 300 to 350 cc. The brains of modern female chimpanzees and bonobos are about this size. This is smaller than the brain of the _Australopithecus afarensis_ individual nicknamed Lucy. It is only about 20% of the size of the modern human brain.

There are similarities between the skulls of _Ar. ramidus,_ _Australopithecus,_ and _Homo_. This provides evidence that these three genera are related.

_Ar. ramidus_ lacked the large canine teeth that male chimpanzees use when showing aggression.

### Body

_Ar. ramidus_ was about the same size as modern chimpanzees. Males and females were similar in size, like with humans. This is different from _Australopithecus_, where males are much larger than females. (That is called sexual dimorphism.)

The proportion of their limbs to their bodies does not match humans or African apes; instead, it is similar to Old World monkeys.

## Diet

Based on analysis of fossil teeth, _Ar. ramidus_ had a mostly plant-based diet.__ Still, it was probably more omnivorous than chimpanzees, eating a wider range of foods both on the ground and in the trees. These may have included nuts, fruits, leaves, tubers, insects, woodland plants, and small mammals.

_Ar. ramidus_ did not have the large jaws it would need for heavy chewing (like eating roots). It also did not have the large incisors it would need to specialize in eating fruit, like chimpanzees do.

Some studies suggest that _Ar. ramidus_ regularly used its front teeth to clamp and pull, which may mean their diet included a lot of leaves.

## Related pages

- _Ardipithecus_
- _Ardipithecus kadabba_
- Human evolution
- Paleoanthropology
Orrorin tugenensis

***Orrorin tugenensis*** (abbreviated ***O. tugenensis***) is an extinct species of hominid. It is one of the oldest early humans ever to exist. Scientists think it is the second-oldest known hominin ancestor that is possibly related to modern humans.

Individuals of this species were about the size of a modern chimpanzee. They climbed trees, but probably also walked on two feet. (This is called bipedalism.)

_O. tugenensis_ is one of two species in the genus _Orrorin_. The other is _Orrorin praegens_.

## Discovery

In 1974 the first _Orrorin tugenensis_ fossil was found by Martin Pickford in the Tugen Hills of Kenya. The name _tugenensis_ refers to this location.

Later, additional fossils were found in the same location. They were estimated be between 6.2 and 6.0 million years old, from the late Miocene epoch.

## Related pages

- Human timeline
- Human evolution
- Hominidae
Industry

In economics, different kinds of manufacturing and services are broken down into groups called **industries**. The word comes from a Latin word meaning "working diligently at a task". There are many different industries, like mining, farming and logging. The industrial revolution made new industries.

An industry produces goods or services which are of a common set of qualities and which are indistinguishable (called homogeneous, in economics). It uses standardised processes for production, mass production and division of labor.

### Slavery

Slavery, which is forcing people to make goods and services, has happened since ancient times throughout the world as a way to have low-cost production. It usually produces goods for which profit depends on economies of scale.  International law has declared slavery illegal.

### Industrial Revolution

The industrial revolution (from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century) saw the development and popularization of using machines to make goods instead of using hands. The industrial revolution played a role in the abolition of slavery in Europe and in North America.
Geoffrey Blake

**Geoffrey Noel Blake** (9 April 1914 – 1991) is an English athlete who won the 1934 British Empire Games.
Coevorden

**Coevorden** is a municipality in the north-east of the Netherlands, in the province of Drenthe. It has about 35,000 inhabitants (2016).

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Coevorden
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Flag of Coevorden.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Coevorden.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Renze Bergsma
- **area total km2**: 296.1
- **population total**: 35,502
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 119.9
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 7740–7759, 7840–7843,
7845–7857, 7860–7869, 7917, 7929
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 0524, 0528, 0591
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:NL, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Emmen

**Emmen** is a municipality in the northeast of the Netherlands. Around 57,000 people live in Emmen (2013).

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Emmen
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Emmen vlag.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Emmen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Hendrik Frederik van Oosterhout
- **area total km2**: 335.2
- **population total**: 107,419
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 320.5
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 7760–7769, 7800–7839, 7844, 7880–7899
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 0524, 0591
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:NL, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Corpus callosum

The **corpus callosum** is part of the brain in humans and other eutherian mammals. It is the largest connective pathway in the brain. Its over 200 million nerve fibers connect the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

The corpus callosum relates to the lateralization of brain function. Because the two side of the brain communicate so intensively, they can afford to specialise in doing somewhat different things.

## Only in higher mammals

The corpus callosum is found only in placental mammals (the eutherians). It is absent in monotremes and marsupials, and other vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish.

Other groups do have brain structures that allow for communication between the two hemispheres. The anterior commissure serves as the main cross-hemisphere communication in marsupials.

The fibrous bundle of the corpus callosum increases to such an extent in humans that it wedges apart the hippocampal structures.

## Infobox (brain)

- **name**: Corpus callosum
- **image**: Gray733.png
- **caption**: Corpus callosum from above. (Anterior portion is at the top of the image.)
- **image2**: Gray720.png
- **caption2**: anatomical terms of location, Median sagittal section of brain (person faces to the left). Corpus callosum visible at center, in light gray
- **ispartof**: Human brain
- **components**: Genu, trunk, splenium
Victor Cristaldo

**Victor Cristaldo** is a former Australian Football (soccer) player of the 1980s and 1990s. He played for the Melbourne Knights in Australia.  He also played for the Paraguayan teams Sport Colombia and Presidente Hayes.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **playername**: Victor Cristaldo
- **fullname**: Victor Cristaldo
- **birth place**: Melbourne, Australia
- **position**: Retired
- **youthclubs1**: Leicester City F.C., Leicester City
- **years1**: 1985–1987
- **clubs1**: Melbourne Knights
- **caps1**: 24
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1987–1992
- **clubs2**: Thomastown Devils
- **years3**: 1996–1997
- **clubs3**: Club Sport Colombia, Sport Colombia
- **years4**: 1997
- **clubs4**: Club Presidente Hayes, Presidente Hayes
- **years5**: 1997–1999
- **clubs5**: Western Suburbs SC, Western Suburbs
- **goals5**: 2
- **years6**: 2000–2006
- **clubs6**: Melbourne City
- **goals6**: 9
- **nationalteam1**: Australia national under-17 football team, Australia U-17
- **manageryears1**: 2006
- **managerclubs1**: Green Gully SC, Green Gully U-12
- **manageryears2**: 2007–2008
- **managerclubs2**: Sunshine George Cross FC, Sunshine George Cross U-21
- **manageryears3**: 2009
- **managerclubs3**: Brimbank U-15
- **manageryears4**: 2009–
- **managerclubs4**: Brimbank
Paranthropus boisei

***Paranthropus boisei*** is an extinct australopithecine. It is the largest of the _Paranthropus_ species. Its scientific name is abbreviated _P. boisei._

_P. boisei_ lived 2.3 million years ago to 1.2 million years ago, during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs in Eastern Africa. It may have evolved from _Paranthropus aethiopicus._ It is not a direct ancestor of modern humans.

The species was originally called ***Zinjanthropus boisei**,_ and then renamed ***Australopithecus boisei**_ until recently.

## Features

_P. boisei_ had a specialized skull with adaptations for chewing power. In fact, archaeologists nicknamed it "the Nutcracker Man" because its jaws and teeth were so large and powerful. These enabled _P. boisei_ to chew tough foods like roots, stems, and nuts. However, analysis of fossil teeth shows that _P. boisei_ probably had a varied diet and did not depend completely on tough or hard foods.

Based on fossil skull sizes, scientists think _P. boisei_ might have had a slight rise in brain size over time (about 100 ml in 1 million years).

_P. boisei_ "had gorilla-like strength alongside the dexterity to make tools," according to one source. Fossils confirm that _P. boisei's_ hands were capable of tool making.

It was 4' 6" tall for a male and 4' 1" for a female.
Paranthropus aethiopicus

***Paranthropus aethiopicus*** is an extinct species of hominid. The fossil was discovered in 1985 in Lake Turkana, Kenya. KNM WT 17000 is known as the "Black Skull" due to the dark colouration of the bone, caused by high levels of manganese. It is one of the earliest examples of robust australopithecines from the Pliocene. The skull is dated to 2.5 million years ago, before the other forms of robust australopithecines. This species of human most likely originated in africa. This species is an old, ancient, primitive form of human.
Curry tree

The **curry tree** (_Murraya koenigii_), also known as **karivepaku,** **karibevu**, **karivepallai**, **karivembu**, or **kadipatta**, is a kind of tree. It is found mostly in hot climates, and is a native plant of India. The leaves of the curry tree are called curry leaves or sweet Neem leaves.

Usually, curry trees grow to 4-6 metres tall, and their trunk grows to 40 centimetres in diameter. Small black, shiny berries that grow on the tree can be eaten, but their seeds are poisonous.

The scientific name of the curry tree, _Murraya koenegii_, was chosen to celebrate the botanist Johann Gerhard König, who worked for a long time in India.
Native (ecology)

A species is called **indigenous** or **native** to a place when that species lives there because of the natural environment, not human change. A species is an **indigen** if it lives in the wild and has not had artificial selection by humans.

If a species is in a place because it was moved by humans, the species is not indigenous to that place. It is an introduced species.

## Related pages

- Endemism
Military organization

A **military organization** is a way of making up the armed forces of a state so as to offer military capability as needed by a national defence policy. Armed forces are led by officer<nowiki/>s, who command military units such as squad<nowiki/>s, platoon<nowiki/>s, companies, battalion<nowiki/>s, brigade<nowiki/>s and so forth. In some countries paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces. Armed forces that are not a part of the military or paramilitary organizations, such as insurgent forces, often mimic military organizations, or use ad hoc structures.
SS-Verfügungstruppe

The **SS-Verfügungstruppe** (**The Combat Support Force**) (short: **SS-VT**) were combat divisions of the SS, trained to the same way as the normal German Armed Forces (Wehrmacht). They were the precursor of the later-developed Waffen-SS.

## History

On 24 September 1934, a special SS military unit was made up by a group of a few other Nazi and paramilitary units like units known as SS Special Detachments (SS-Sonderkommandos) and the Headquarters Guard known as the (SS-Stabswache) units. The new group was to be trained as combat ready infantry. The unit was called SS-Special Purpose Troops (SS-Verfügungstruppe) and was not the police or the Armed Forces but military trained men for the use by the Führer in war or peace. The SS-Verfügungstruppe (known as SS-VT) was told to the public on 16 March 1935. The SS-VT trained with Hitler’s body guards some of which later joined the SS-VT prior to the invasion of Russia in 1941

Some units of the SS-VT worked with the Wehrmacht during the take over of the Sudetenland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia, and took part in the invasion of Poland along with the campaign against the Allies in the West. From the regiments that made up the SS-VT came the Waffen-SS (or _Armed_-SS) Divisions that fought in all German theaters in World War II. Units making up the SS-VT were not known as the "Waffen-SS" until a speech by Adolf Hitler in July 1940.

In 1939 the whole SS was split into two groups: the Allgemeine-SS (the General SS) and the Waffen-SS (the Armed SS).

The Waffen-SS was made up of three smaller groups
- The Hitler's personal bodyguard (German: _Leibstandarte_)
- The Death's-Head Battalions () that ran the concentration camps.
- The Combat Support Force, (German: ***Verfügungstruppe***) Up to 39 divisions in World War II that served as elite combat troops fighting with the German army Wehrmacht.

In 1941 the commander of the SS, Heinrich Himmler, said that more Waffen-SS Verfügungstruppe units would be made from non-German foreign nationals. The goal was to get more soldiers from occupied nations. Some of these foreign units included volunteers from Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Norway, and the Netherlands.

Countries like Spain, officially a neutral state, had by the end of the war given many volunteers to the Waffen SS (most of them with the SS Wallonien division) that took part in combat until the end of the European war in Berlin. This and many other volunteers of non-German background were believers in the German cause.

## Related pages

- Paul Hausser
Detachment (military)

A **detachment** (from the French word _détachement_) is a military unit. It can be broken off from a bigger unit for a set reason or (as often seen in United States Army usage) can be a permanent unit smaller than a battalion. The term is often used to refer to a unit that is sent to a different base from the parent unit.

A Cadet detachment usually consists of between 10 and 40 cadets. Several detachments make up a cadet company.
Battalion

A Battalion is a Military Unit. It is composed of around 500-1500 men. It is often made up of two to seven companies and is under the command of a Lieutenant Colonel or another officer. More than one Battalion often makes up a regiment or a brigade. In the United States Army,Battalions are made up of a Headquarters Company (Or Headquarters Troops for Cavalry Squadrons and Headquarters Batteries for Artillery Battalions) and several support Companies (Or Support Troops/Support Batteries). In a United States Marine Corps Battalion there is a Headquarters and Service Company and several Support Companies assigned to it. There are several types of Battalions in the United States Army. They include Intelligence Battalions,Engineer Battalions,Artillery Battalions,Aviation Battalions,Etc.

A Battalion is often the smallest military unit able to do movement on their own without being part of a larger unit. The battalion is often part of a regiment,group or a brigade.

Depending on the Region and Country/Service in which the Battalion is assigned to,there are several important people in a Battalion Headquarters and they include the following:
- Commanding Officer (CO) The Commanding Officer of a Battalion is always a Lieutenant Colonel or even a full Colonel
- Second-in-command (2i/c) The Second-In-Command is often a Major or a lieutenant Colonel if the Battalion is commanded by a full Colonel
- Adjutant The Adjutant is either a Captain or a Major
- Quartermaster (QM) The Quartermaster is either a Captain or a Major
- Regimental Medical Officer (RMO) Army Medical Services usually employs either a Captain or a Major as the Regimental Medical Officer
- Regimental Administrative Officer (RAO) Adjutant General's Corps employs either a Captain or a Major as the Regimental Administrative Officer
- Padre Royal Army Chaplains Department employs a Chaplain to provide support to members who may be experiencing mental, emotional and physical trauma while they are in service.
- Regimental Intelligence Officer (RIO) The Regimental Intelligence Officer is either a Lieutenant or a Captain
- Regimental Signals Officer (RSO) Royal Corps of Signals employs either a Lieutenant or a Captain as the Regimental Signals Officer
- Regimental Sergeant Major (RSM) In Bermuda a Regimental Sergeant Major is usually a Warrant Officer Class 1
- Regimental Quartermaster Sergeant (RQMS) The Regimental Quartermaster Sergeant is usually a Warrant Officer Class 2

## Other websites

- French Infantry of the Napoleonic Wars
- _The Battalion Commander's Handbook_ , 1996, By Major General Richard A. Chilcoat, US Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania
1984 Atlantic hurricane season

The **1984 Atlantic hurricane season** officially began on June 1, 1984 and ended on November 30, 1984. Sometimes storms form outside these dates for example. An example of this is Hurricane Lili, which formed on December 12. Lili lasted until December 24.

This season was active, with 17 depression, 13 of them became a tropical storm, 5 of the tropical storms became hurricanes, and 1 of the hurricanes became a major hurricane. Most of the cyclones were weak. The only very damaging storm was Hurricane Diana. Diana was the major hurricane of the season, and the only storm to affect land as a hurricane.

## Storms

- Tropical Depression One
- Tropical Depression Two
- Tropical Depression Three
- Subtropical Storm One
- Tropical Storm Arthur
- Tropical Storm Bertha
- Tropical Storm Cesar
- Tropical Depression Seven
- Hurricane Diana
- Tropical Storm Edouard
- Tropical Storm Fran
- Tropical Storm Gustav
- Tropical Depression Eleven
- Hurricane Hortense
- Tropical Storm Isidore
- Hurricane Josephine
- Tropical Depression
- Hurricane Klaus
- Hurricane Lili

## Infobox (hurricane season)

- **basin**: Atl
- **year**: 1984
- **track**: 1984 Atlantic hurricane season map.png
- **first storm formed**: June 11, 1984
- **last storm dissipated**: December 24, 1984
- **strongest storm name**: Hurricane Diana (1984), Diana
- **strongest storm pressure**: 949
- **strongest storm winds**: 115
- **average wind speed**: 1
- **total depressions**: 17
- **total storms**: 13
- **total hurricanes**: 5
- **total intense**: 1
- **fatalities**: 35
- **damages**: 66
- **inflated**: 1
- **five seasons**: 1982 Atlantic hurricane season, 1982, 1983 Atlantic hurricane season, 1983, **1984**, 1985 Atlantic hurricane season, 1985, 1986 Atlantic hurricane season, 1986
Kenyanthropus platyops

***Kenyanthropus platyops*** is an extinct hominid species discovered in Lake Turkana, Kenya in 1999. It was found by Justus Erus, who was part of Meave Leakey's team.

The fossil is 3.5 to 3.2 million years old. It has a broad flat face with a toe bone that suggests it probably walked upright. Its teeth are intermediate between typical human and typical ape forms.

Leakey proposed that the fossil represents an entirely new hominin genus. Others classify it as a separate species of _Australopithecus:_ _Australopithecus platyops._ Still others interpret it as an individual of _Australopithecus afarensis_.

If some palaeoanthropologists are correct, _Kenyanthropus_ may not even represent a valid taxon. The specimen is so distorted by matrix-filled cracks that meaningful morphological characteristics are next to impossible to assess with confidence.
The Southern Vampire Mysteries

***The Southern Vampire Mysteries*** is an adventure, mystery, and romance book series written by author Charlaine Harris. In the story scientists have invented a fake blood for vampires to drink, giving them a chance to live with humans peacefully. Sookie Stackhouse, the main character, meets a vampire in her hometown of _Bon Temps_ (a made up place in Louisiana) and falls in love, however she must also solve the mysterious deaths in her town, using her ability to hear people's thoughts.

The book series was first published in 2001, and there are currently eight books all together. In 2007 a television show was created about the books called _True Blood_, which is on HBO.

## Books

- _Dead Until Dark_ (2001)
- _Living Dead in Dallas_ (2002)
- _Club Dead_ (2003)
- _Dead to the World_ (2004)
- _Dead as a Doornail_ (2005)
- _Definitely Dead_ (2006)
- _All Together Dead_ (2007)
- _From Dead to Worse_ (2008)
- _Dead and Gone_ (2009)
- _A Touch of Dead_ (October 2009)
- _Dead in the Family_ (May 2010)

## Other websites

- Charlaine Harris official website
Combot

**Combot** is a character made for the _Tekken_ series. Its first and only appearance was in "_Tekken 4_".

## Introduction

Combot is Mokujin's replacement in Tekken 4 (gameplay wise). Combot didn't mimic a different character every round like Mokujin, instead it changed fighting styles every match.

## Story

Combot is a humanoid robot (a robot that was made to act like humans). Lee entered it in the King of Iron Fist Tournament 4 and he used it so he could win. He entered the tournament himself, disguising himself as a man named Violet

Combot is not like any other humanoid robot. A powerful AI function lets it mimic any human motion it can see. With this ability, Combot can do any job from childcare, housekeeping, service industries, and even military duty.

This Combot is a unique version made for fighting. The making of Combot was very rushed so that it could be finished in time for The King of Iron Fist Tournament 4.

Lee Chaolan’s plan was to have Combot memorize different of fighting styles as it went through the tournament. Lee was trying to create the most powerful fighting robot in the world and win the Mishima Zaibatsu at the same time.

The development team did not have enough time to get rid of Combot's problems. As a result, a few bugs remained in its memory when the Tournament started. These bugs stop Combot from mimicking more than one person’s moves each time it starts up.

## Trivia

- In Combot's ending animation, when Combot wins the tournament, the crowd are cheering "Combo bot!" instead of "Combot!".
- Combot and Violet are the only two characters that appear only in Tekken 4 and not in any other games.
- Combot can make metal sounds when hit by holding 'down' while the battle is loading just like Mokujin can make a wooden sound by doing the same.
- When Combot is selected on the character roster, the announcer does not say his name, instead Combot says his own name.

## Infobox (tekken character)

- **title**: Combot
- **origin**: Japan
- **voice**: None
- **fightingstyle**: Copies other fighters
- **age**: 1 year (T4)
- **bloodtype**: Oil
- **height**: 6'0" = 1.84
- **weight**: 290 lbs = 131кг.
- **occupation**: Fighter (used to do things like cleaning)
- **hobby**: Mimicry
- **likes**: Unknown
- **dislikes**: Unknown
Lady of the Lake

The **Lady of the Lake** (Welsh name: _Arglwyddes y Llyn_) is a character of Arthurian legend. Different writers give her different names. Her roles include giving King Arthur his sword, Excalibur, taking Arthur to Camelot after the Battle of Camlann, raising Lancelot after the death of his father, and of enchanting Merlin. She is called Nimue, Viviane, Elaine, Niniane, Nyneve, or Nimueh, amongst others.
Disk buffer

A **disk buffer** is a small amount of memory on a hard drive. Sometimes it is also called **cache buffer**, or **disk cache**, but these words should not be used, a disk buffer is not  a cache. In early 2015, hard disks usually have between 16 and 128 megabytes of such memory.

### Reading or writing data

When writing data to the disk, the data needs to be written to a certain position on the disk. This is done by a component called disk read/write head.  This head needs to be moved to (or near) the correct track. After some settling time the read head begins to pick up bits. Usually, the first sectors to be read are not the ones that have been requested by the operating system. The disk's embedded computer typically saves these unrequested sectors in the disk buffer, in case the operating system requests them later.

### Speed

The disk is attached to the computer by what is called an I/O interface. This interface almost always works at a different speed than that of the hard disk platter. In such a case, the disk buffer is used to store the data that comes from the disk, before it sent to the computer, or to store the data that comes from the computer before it can be written to the disk.

### Command queuing

Modern disks often have a feature called _command queuing_ (This is called TCQ in SCSI disks, and NCQ in SATA disks). This means that many commands can be sent at the same time, and the hard disk will put them into the best order. To store the commands and re-order them, the hard disk needs the disk buffer
Takayuki Yamaguchi

is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|1995||Brummell Sendai||Football League||14||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||15||1
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||22||3||3||2||4||1||29||6
|-
|1997||29||6||2||0||6||1||37||7
|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||15||2||3||0||0||0||18||2
|-
|1999||4||0||0||0||3||0||7||0
|-
|1999||Vissel Kobe||J. League 1||8||1||0||0||0||0||8||1
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||23||1||3||0||4||1||30||2
|-
|2001||7||0||0||0||2||0||9||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="3"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
|-
|2002||2||0||1||0||1||0||4||0
|-
|2003||15||0||0||0||6||0||21||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Thespa Kusatsu||Football League||27||10||4||1||colspan="2"|-||31||11
|-
|2005||J. League 2||28||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||29||4
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||39||3||2||0||colspan="2"|-||41||3
|-
|2007||27||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||30||1
|-
|2008||Machida Zelvia||Regional Leagues||6||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||0
273||32||23||3||27||3||323||38
273||32||23||3||27||3||323||38
|}
Shinji Fujiyoshi

is a former Japanese football player.

## Career statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1989–90|Yomiuri|JSL Division 1|10|2|0|0|1|0|11|2|
|1990–91|17|4|2|0|2|2|21|6|||
|1991–92|2|0|0|0|1|0|3|0|||
|1992|Verdy Kawasaki|J1 League|-|1|0|0|0|1|0||
|1993|6|1|2|0|8|4|16|5|||
|1994|8|3|2|0|0|0|10|3|||
|1995|17|4|3|0|-|20|4||||
|1996|5|0|0|0|5|1|10|1|||
|1996|Kyoto Purple Sanga|J1 League|13|2|3|1|0|0|16|3|
|1997|29|6|1|0|6|0|36|6|||
|1998|6|0|1|0|0|0|7|0|||
|1999|17|1|0|0|4|2|21|3|||
|2000|Vegalta Sendai|J2 League|39|10|1|0|0|0|40|10|
|2001|31|8|3|0|1|0|35|8|||
|2002|J1 League|9|1|2|0|6|1|17|2||
|2004|FC Ryukyu|Prefectural Leagues|6|7|1|0|-|7|7||
|2005|Regional Leagues|5|0|1|0|-|6|0|||
|2006|Football League|31|1|0|0|-|31|1|||
|2007|New Wave Kitakyushu|Regional Leagues|20|7|0|0|-|20|7||
|2008|Football League|25|1|3|0|-|28|1|||
|2009|3|0|0|0|-|3|0||||

## Managerial statistics

Update; _start from 2023 season_
|rowspan="2"|Team|rowspan="2"|From|rowspan="2"|To|colspan="5"|Record|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Fukui United|align="left"|2022|align="left"|_present_|||

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Shinji Fujiyoshi
藤吉 信次
- **fullname**: Shinji Fujiyoshi
- **birth place**: Machida, Tokyo, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **currentclub**: Fukui United FC, Fukui United (manager)
- **youthyears1**: 1986–1988
- **youthclubs1**: Tokyo Verdy, Yomiuri
- **years1**: 1989–1996
- **clubs1**: Tokyo Verdy, Verdy Kawasaki
- **caps1**: 65
- **goals1**: 14
- **years2**: 1996–1999
- **clubs2**: Kyoto Sanga FC, Kyoto Purple Sanga
- **caps2**: 65
- **goals2**: 9
- **years3**: 2000–2002
- **clubs3**: Vegalta Sendai
- **caps3**: 79
- **goals3**: 19
- **years4**: 2003
- **clubs4**: Chengdu F.C.
- **years5**: 2004–2006
- **clubs5**: FC Ryukyu
- **caps5**: 42
- **goals5**: 8
- **years6**: 2007–2009
- **clubs6**: Giravanz Kitakyushu, New Wave Kitakyushu
- **caps6**: 48
- **goals6**: 8
- **totalcaps**: 299
- **totalgoals**: 58
- **manageryears1**: 2022–
- **managerclubs1**: Fukui United FC, Fukui United
Mark Kinsella

**Mark Kinsella** (born 12 August 1972) is a former Irish football player. He has played for Republic of Ireland national team.

### Club

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="2"|FA Cup|colspan="2"|League Cup|colspan="2"|Europe|colspan="2"|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="8"|Colchester United|1989–90|Fourth Division|6|0|0|0|1|0|–|7|0|||
|1990–91|Conference National|11|0|0|0|||–|11|0|||||
|1991–92|Conference National|42|3|3|1|||–|46|4|||||
|1992–93|rowspan="5"|Third Division|38|6|3|0|2|0|–|43|6||||
|1993–94|42|8|1|0|2|1|–|45|9||||||
|1994–95|42|6|4|1|2|0|–|48|7||||||
|1995–96|45|5|1|0|2|1|–|48|6||||||
|1996–97|7|2|0|0|3|1|–|10|3||||||
|rowspan="6"|Charlton Athletic|1996–97|rowspan="2"|First Division|37|6|||||–||||
|1997–98|46|6|||||–||||||||
|1998–99|Premier League|38|2||||||||||||
|1999–2000|First Division|38|3||||||||||||
|2000–01|rowspan="2"|Premier League|32|2|||||–||||||
|2001–02|17|0|||||||||||||
|rowspan="2"|Aston Villa|2002–03|rowspan="2"|Premier League|19|0|||||||||
|2003–04|1|0|||||||||||||
|West Bromwich Albion|2003–04|First Division|18|1|||||||||||
|rowspan="3"|Walsall|2004–05|rowspan="2"|League One|22|0|||||–||||
|2005–06|10|0|||||–||||||||
|2006–07|League Two|11|1|||||–|||||||

### International

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="7"|Republic of Ireland|1998|5|0|
|1999|9|0|||
|2000|6|1|||
|2001|5|1|||
|2002|10|1|||
|2003|9|0|||
|2004|4|0|||

## Honours

**Colchester United**
- Football Conference: 1991–92
- FA Trophy: 1991–92

**Charlton Athletic**
- Football League First Division: 1999–2000

**Individual**
- FAI Senior International Player of the Year: 2000
- PFA Team of the Year: 1995–96 Third Division, 1999–2000 First Division
- Colchester United F.C. Player of the Year: 1993–94, 1995–96
- Charlton Athletic Player of the Year: 1997–98, 1998–99
Takahiro Yamada

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

## Biography

Yamada was born in Takatsuki on April 29, 1972. After graduating from Shimizu Commercial High School, he joined Japan Soccer League club Nissan Motors (later _Yokohama Marinos_) in 1991. In 1992, Japan Soccer League was folded and the club joined new league, J1 League. He became a regular player from 1992. The club won the champions in 1995 season. He played 159 matches for the club until 1997. He played for Kyoto Purple Sanga in 1998 and Verdy Kawasaki in 1999. In 2000, he moved to J2 League club Vegalta Sendai. The club won the 2nd place in 2001 and was promoted to J1. He retired end of the 2003 season.

On September 27, 1994, Yamada debuted for the Japan national team against Australia.

## Statistics

|-
|1990–91||rowspan="2"|Nissan Motors||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1991–92||9||0||||||1||0||10||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="6"|Yokohama Marinos||rowspan="6"|J1 League||colspan="2"|-||0||0||9||1||9||1
|-
|1993||27||3||3||0||1||1||31||4
|-
|1994||32||1||1||0||3||1||36||2
|-
|1995||43||7||1||0||colspan="2"|-||44||7
|-
|1996||23||1||0||0||9||2||32||3
|-
|1997||25||6||0||0||5||0||30||6
|-
|1998||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J1 League||29||1||1||0||0||0||30||1
|-
|1999||Verdy Kawasaki||J1 League||27||1||3||0||2||0||32||1
|-
|2000||rowspan="4"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="2"|J2 League||19||0||1||1||0||0||20||1
|-
|2001||28||3||3||0||2||0||33||3
|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|J1 League||18||0||2||0||2||0||22||0
|-
|2003||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
280||23||15||1||35||5||330||29
280||23||15||1||35||5||330||29
|}

|-
|1994||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Takahiro Yamada
- **fullname**: Takahiro Yamada
- **birth place**: Takatsuki, Osaka, Takatsuki, Osaka Prefecture, Osaka, Japan
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 1988–1990
- **youthclubs1**: Shimizu Commercial High School
- **years1**: 1991–1997
- **clubs1**: Yokohama F. Marinos, Yokohama Marinos
- **caps1**: 159
- **goals1**: 18
- **years2**: 1998
- **clubs2**: Kyoto Sanga FC, Kyoto Purple Sanga
- **caps2**: 29
- **goals2**: 1
- **years3**: 1999
- **clubs3**: Tokyo Verdy, Verdy Kawasaki
- **caps3**: 27
- **goals3**: 1
- **years4**: 2000–2003
- **clubs4**: Vegalta Sendai
- **caps4**: 65
- **goals4**: 3
- **totalcaps**: 280
- **totalgoals**: 23
- **nationalyears1**: 1994
- **nationalteam1**: Japan national football team, Japan
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Shin Nakamura

**Shin Nakamura** (born 6 May 1974) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1997||rowspan="4"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="2"|Football League||17||1||2||0||1||0||20||1
|-
|1998||26||0||4||0||4||0||34||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||31||0||2||0||2||0||35||0
|-
|2000||39||2||1||0||2||0||42||2
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||J. League 2||38||1||3||1||2||0||43||2
|-
|2002||J. League 1||3||0||0||0||0||0||3||0
154||4||12||1||11||0||177||5
154||4||12||1||11||0||177||5
|}
Eiji Gaya

is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="5"|Sumitomo Metal||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1988/89||||||||||||||||
|-
|1989/90||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 2||4||0||||||0||0||4||0
|-
|1990/91||10||0||||||0||0||10||0
|-
|1991/92||9||0||||||0||0||9||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="5"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||3||0||5||0||8||0
|-
|1993||27||0||5||0||6||1||38||1
|-
|1994||35||0||1||0||1||0||37||0
|-
|1995||16||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|1996||1||0||0||0||2||0||3||0
|-
|1997||Yokohama Marinos||J. League 1||26||0||0||0||5||0||31||0
|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||38||2||1||0||2||0||41||0
|-
|2001||26||0||1||0||1||0||28||0
192||2||11||0||23||1||226||3
192||2||11||0||23||1||226||3
Yusuke Mori

**Yusuke Mori** (born 24 July 1980) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kawasaki Frontale.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||1||0||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2000||5||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||J. League 2||29||1||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||31||1
|-
|2002||J. League 1||11||0||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2003||11||0||0||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||15||1
|-
|2004||J. League 2||18||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="6"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||3||0||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|2006||28||0||2||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||37||0
|-
|2007||30||1||4||2||5||0||6||0||45||3
|-
|2008||17||3||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||23||3
|-
|2009||30||0||1||0||4||0||7||0||42||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
184||5||14||2||32||1||13||0||243||8
184||5||14||2||32||1||13||0||243||8
|}

## References

- Kawasaki Frontale
Shinya Mitsuoka

**Shinya Mitsuoka** (born 22 April 1976) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Yokohama Flügels||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||9||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||10||2
|-
|1996||1||0||1||3||2||0||4||3
|-
|1997||6||0||5||1||1||0||12||1
|-
|1998||rowspan="3"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||24||2||2||2||2||0||28||4
|-
|1999||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2000||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Vegalta Sendai||J. League 2||21||3||2||0||2||0||25||3
|-
|2002||J. League 1||7||0||0||0||3||0||10||0
|-
|2003||Sagawa Express Tokyo||Football League||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
73||7||11||6||10||0||94||13
73||7||11||6||10||0||94||13
|}
Raí

**Raí** (born 15 May 1965) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.

### Club

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="2"|Coupe de France|colspan="2"|Coupe de la Ligue|colspan="2"|Europe|colspan="2"|Other|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="5"|Paris Saint-Germain|1993–94|Division 1|28|6|4|2|—|4|0|—|36|8|||
|1994–95|Division 1|28|12|5|0|4|2|7|2|—|44|16||||
|1995–96|Division 1|27|14|3|1|1|0|6|2|1|0|38|17|||
|1996–97|Division 1|35|9|3|1|1|0|10|3|2|2|51|15|||
|1997–98|Division 1|29|10|6|3|5|1|8|4|—|48|18||||

### International

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="12"|Brazil|1987|11|3|
|1988|0|0|||
|1989|0|0|||
|1990|0|0|||
|1991|5|3|||
|1992|7|6|||
|1993|16|2|||
|1994|9|3|||
|1995|0|0|||
|1996|0|0|||
|1997|0|0|||
|1998|1|0|||

## Honours

**São Paulo**
- Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 1991
- Campeonato Paulista: 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000
- Copa Libertadores: 1992, 1993
- Intercontinental Cup: 1992

**Paris Saint-Germain**
- Division 1: 1993–94
- Coupe de France: 1994–95, 1997–98
- Coupe de la Ligue: 1994–95, 1997–98
- Trophée des Champions: 1995
- UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1995–96; runner-up 1996–97

**Brazil**
- FIFA World Cup: 1994
- Copa América runner-up: 1991
**Individual**
- Bola de Prata: 1989
- Intercontinental Cup Most Valuable Player of the Match Award: 1992
- South American Footballer of the Year: 1992
- South American Team of the Year: 1992
- IFFHS World's Best International Goal Scorer: 1992****
- ESM Team of the Year: 1995–96
- Laureus Sport for Good Award: 2012
- Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur: 2013
- Honorary degree of the Paris Nanterre University: 2019

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Raí
- **image**: Rai em 2009 cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Raí in 2009
- **fullname**: Raí Souza Vieira de Oliveira
- **birth place**: Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- **height**: 1.89 m
- **position**: Attacking midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 1980–1985
- **youthclubs1**: Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP), Botafogo-SP
- **years1**: 1984–1987
- **clubs1**: Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP), Botafogo-SP
- **years2**: 1986
- **clubs2**: → Associação Atlética Ponte Preta, Ponte Preta (loan)
- **caps2**: 10
- **goals2**: 1
- **years3**: 1987–1993
- **clubs3**: São Paulo FC, São Paulo
- **caps3**: 110
- **goals3**: 25
- **years4**: 1993–1998
- **clubs4**: Paris Saint-Germain F.C., Paris Saint-Germain
- **caps4**: 147
- **goals4**: 51
- **years5**: 1998–2000
- **clubs5**: São Paulo FC, São Paulo
- **caps5**: 19
- **goals5**: 1
- **totalcaps**: 284
- **totalgoals**: 77
- **nationalyears1**: 1987–1998
- **nationalteam1**: Brazil national football team, Brazil
- **nationalcaps1**: 49
- **nationalgoals1**: 17
- **medaltemplates-expand**: yes