juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Hyperoliidae

**Hyperoliidae** is a family of small to medium sized, brightly colored, frogs.  It has more than 250 species in 19 genera. Seventeen genera live in sub-Saharan Africa.

Hyperoliids range from  to  in body length. Many species have smooth, brightly patterned, skin that almost looks enameled.

Most hyperoliids live in trees.  Some live on land, including several _Kassina_ species that move by walking or running rather than hopping. Diet varies widely, with examples including _Tornierella_, who eats snails, and _Afrixalus fornasinii_, the only land frog known to eat eggs of other species of anurans.

Breeding in this family begins at the start of the rainy season.  Hyperoliids come together at breeding sites. Most hyperoliids lay their eggs in water. Tadpoles are pond type larvae with large dorsal fins on the tail.

No fossil hyperoliids are known.

## Classification

Family **HYPEROLIIDAE**
- Subfamily Hyperoliinae
    - Genus _Acanthixalus_ - African wart frogs
    - Genus _Alexteroon_ - Midwife frogs
    - Genus _Arlequinus_ - Mebebque frogs
    - Genus _Callixalus_ - African painted frogs
    - Genus _Chlorolius_ - Koehler's green frogs
    - Genus _Chrysobatrachus_ - Itombwe golden frogs
    - Genus _Cryptothylax_ - Wax frogs
    - Genus _Heterixalus_ - Madagascan reed frogs
    - Genus _Hyperolius_ - African reed frogs
    - Genus _Nesionixalus_
- Subfamily Kassininae
    - Genus _Afrixalus_ - Banana frogs
    - Genus _Kassina_ - Running frogs
    - Genus _Kassinula_ - Clicking frogs
    - Genus _Opisthothylax_ - Grey-eyed frogs
    - Genus _Paracassina_ - Common striped frogs
    - Genus _Phlyctimantis_ - African striped frogs
    - Genus _Semnodactylus_ - Weal's frogs
    - Genus _Tornierella_
- Subfamily Tachycneminae
    - Genus _Tachycnemis_ - Seychelles Islands frogs
Mantellidae

**Mantellidae** is a family of the order Anura. These frogs are found only in Madagascar and Mayotte.

These frogs are very different from each other. Most species live on land, though some live in trees. Body size ranges from 3 to 10 centimetres in length. The genus Mantella has many similarities with the South American poison dart frogs.
They are small, aposematically coloured, and secrete alkaloid toxins.

Some members of this group are kept as pets due to their bright colors.
Myobatrachidae

**Myobatrachidae** is a family of frogs found in Australia and New Guinea. Members of this family vary greatly in size.  There are species less than  long.  This family also has the second-largest frog in Australia, the Giant Barred Frog at  in length. The entire family either live in land or water.  None of them live in trees.

These frogs do not have the adhesive toe disc cups found in the tree frogs. The family is broken up into three sub-families: Limnodynastinae, Myobatrachinae and Rheobatrachinae. This separation is based mainly on their egg-laying habits. Those of the sub-family Limnodynastinae lay foam nests. The female makes foam with a chemical on her skin. The foam may float on top of water, or be on land. The sub-family Rheobatrachinae has the two species of gastric-brooding frog, and the rest are in the sub-family Myobatrachinae.

## Taxonomy

|Subfamilia|Species|Common name|Binomial name|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Limnodynastinae|1|Tusked Frog|_Adelotus_|
|6|Giant Burrowing Frogs|_Heleioporus_||
|4|Cannibal Frogs|_Lechriodus_||
|11|Australian Swamp Frogs|_Limnodynastes_||
|10|Stubby Frogs|_Neobatrachus_||
|4|Australian Spadefoot Toads|_Notaden_||
|2|Burrowing Frogs|_Opisthodon_||
|6|Baw Baw Frogs|_Philoria_||
|Myobatrachinae|1|Australian Dumpy Frogs|_Arenophryne_|
|1|Pouched Frogs|_Assa_||
|15|Australian Froglets|_Crinia_||
|7|Ground Froglets|_Geocrinia_||
|1|Nicholls' Toadlets|_Metacrinia_||
|8|Barred Frogs|_Mixophyes_||
|1|Turtle Frogs|_Myobatrachus_||
|1|Haswell's Frogs|_Paracrinia_||
|13|Crowned Toadlet|_Pseudophryne_||
|1|Sunset Frog|_Spicospina_||
|6|Australian Torrent Frogs|_Taudactylus_||
|25|Australian Toadlets|_Uperoleia_||
|Rheobatrachinae|2|Gastric Brooding Frogs|_Rheobatrachus_|
Julianna Margulies

**Julianna Margulies** (born June 8, 1966) is an Emmy and Golden Globe award-winning actress. She has received more Screen Actors Guild Awards than any other actress or actor. She played Carol in the long-running series _ER_ and Alicia in the CBS legal drama _The Good Wife_. She also performed in sitcoms and theatrical movies. She was raised in New York.
Maya Rudolph

**Maya Rudolph** (born July 27, 1972) is an American actress and comedian. She is the daughter of singer Minnie Riperton and music composer Richard Rudolph. She has acted in many sitcoms, including NBC's _Up all Night_. She was a cast member on the NBC television program _Saturday Night Live_ from 2000 to 2007. She is also the newfound "spokesperson" for M&M's candy as of January 23, 2023, as per an announcement from the company that makes M&M's.

Rudolph was raised in Santa Monica, California. She attended University of California, Santa Cruz.

## Early life

Rudolph was born in Gainesville, Florida. She is the daughter of soul singer Minnie Riperton and composer/songwriter/producer Richard Rudolph. Her father is Ashkenazi Jew. Her mother was African-American. Her paternal grandfather was Sidney Rudolph. He was a philanthropist who once owned all of the Wendy's and Rudy's restaurants in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Her parents moved to Los Angeles when she and her brother Marc were very young. They grew up in the Westwood section of Los Angeles.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Maya Rudolph.jpg
- **caption**: Rudolph in 2012
- **birth name**: Maya Khabira Rudolph
- **birth place**: Gainesville, Florida, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, Voice artist, Comedian, Singer
- **years active**: 1996–present
- **alma mater**: University of California, Santa Cruz
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **parents**: Minnie Riperton
Richard Rudolph
- **children**: 4
- **partner**: Paul Thomas Anderson
(2001–present)
Minnie Riperton

**Minnie Julia Riperton Rudolph** (November 8, 1947 - July 12, 1979), known professionally as Minnie Riperton, was an American singer-songwriter best known for her 1975 single "Lovin' You". She was well known for her R&B singing. She was married to songwriter and music producer Richard Rudolph from 1972 until her death in 1979. They had two children: music engineer Marc Rudolph and actress/comedienne Maya Rudolph. She was born in Chicago, Illinois. She died of breast cancer at the age of 31 on July 12, 1979.

## Early life

Riperton was born in Chicago to Thelma and Daniel Riperton, a Pullman porter. She was the youngest of eight children. She was raised in a musical family. She embraced the arts early. Although she began with ballet and modern dance, her parents recognised her vocal and musical abilities and encouraged her to pursue music and voice.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: Minnie Riperton 1977.jpg
- **caption**: Minnie Riperton in 1977
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Minnie Julia Riperton
- **alias**: Andrea Davis
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **genre**: Soul music, Soul, Rhythm and blues, R&B
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 1962–1979
- **label**: Chess Records, Chess, GRT, Epic Records, Epic, Capitol Records, Capitol
Deftones

**Deftones** is an American alternative metal band from Sacramento, California. Deftones has four members in the band; the current band members are Chino Moreno, Stephen Carpenter, Abe Cunningham and Frank Delgado.

The band was formed in 1988. They released their debut album _Adrenaline_ on October 3, 1995. The song "_Elite_" from their third studio album, "_White Pony_" won a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 2001. The band has been noted for influencing bands like Muse, Linkin Park, Avenged Sevenfold, Seether, System of a Down, Fightstar, 10 Years as well as many other bands.

On November 4, 2008, the band's bassist Chi Cheng was involved in a car accident which seriously injured him. The band brought in another bassist named Sergio Vega to replace him during his absence. Cheng died on April 13, 2013 after his heart stopped.

## Band members

- Current
- Chino Moreno - lead vocals, guitar (1988–present)
- Stephen Carpenter - guitar (1988-present)
- Abe Cunningham - drums (1988-present)
- Frank Delgado - turntablism, keyboards, samples (2000–present)

- Former
- Chi Cheng - bass, backing vocals (1988–2013) (†)

- Sergio Vega - bass, backing vocals (2009-2021)

### Studio albums

- _Adrenaline_ (1995)
- _Around the Fur_ (1997)
- _White Pony_ (2000)
- _Deftones_ (2003)
- _Saturday Night Wrist_ (2006)
- _Diamond Eyes_ (2010)
- _Koi No Yokan_ (2012)
- _Gore_ (2016)
- _Ohms_ (2020)
- _Private Music_ (2025)

### Unreleased albums

- _Eros_ (Unknown Official release date, expected between 2007 or 2008)

### Compilation albums

- _B-Sides & Rarities_ (2005)
- _Covers_ (2011)
- _The Vinyl Collection 1995–2011_ (2011)

### Demos

- _Deftones (Demo 1)_ (1990)
- _Deftones (Demo 2)_ (1991)
- _Engine Number Nine/7 Words_ (1992)
- _(Like) Linus_ (1993)
- _Root/Nosebleed_ (1994)

### EPs

- _Live_ (1998)
- _Back to School (Mini Maggit)_ (2001)
- _Live: Volume 1 – Selections from Adrenaline_ (2013)

### Video albums

- _Music in High Places: Live in Hawaii_ (2003)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Deftones
- **img**: Deftones live brixton academy 2007.jpg
- **img capt**: Deftones performing at the Brixton Academy in 2007
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Sacramento, California, Sacramento, California
United States
- **years active**: 1988–_present_
- **label**: Maverick Records, Maverick
Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros.
Reprise Records, Reprise
- **url**: [http://www.deftones.com/ Official website]
- **current members**: Chino Moreno
Stephen Carpenter
Abe Cunningham
Frank Delgado
- **past members**: Chi Cheng
Sergio Vega
Fatimah bint Sa'd

**Fatimah al-Bariqi**. (from Bariq of azdYemen), also known as Bariqiyyah, (born 340 CE)  was the mother of Kilab’s half-brothers **Taym** and **Yaqazah** (Ibn Ishaq named her Hind bint Harithah al-Bariqiyyah and also say Asma).
- **Yaqaza** was the father of Makhzum. (The three men whose names are highlighted were leaders of important tribes).
- **Taym**, ancestor of Abu Bakr

## Family

Fatimah Sa'dknow as Saad Ibn Uday Ibn Haritha Ibn Amr Mazikiee Ibn Aamr bin Haritha Algtarif bin Imru al-Qais Thailb bin Mazen Ibn Al-Azd Ibn Al-Ghoth Ibn Nabit Ibn Malik bin Zaid Ibn Kahlan Ibn Saba'a ( Sheba ) Ibn Yashjub Ibn Yarab Ibn Qahtan Ibn Hud (prophet) (Eber)) .
Wilby, Norfolk

**Wilby** is a village in Quidenham, Breckland, Norfolk, England. It has a church called All Saints.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Wilby
- **shire district**: Breckland District, Breckland
- **static image caption**: All Saints Church, Wilby
- **static image**: All Saints Wilby - geograph.org.uk - 379063.jpg
- **hide services**: Yes
- **shire county**: Norfolk
- **civil parish**: Quidenham
- **region**: East of England
- **country**: England
Minnow

**Minnow** is a general term used for fish which are often used as bait for fishing. Many of these fish belong the Carp family. Fish in the family Leuciscinae are often referred to as _True Minnows_.
Ceratiidae

**Sea devils** are deep-sea anglerfish of the family **Ceratiidae**. They are among the most widespread of the anglerfish, found in all oceans from the tropics to the Antarctic.

The females are large: females of the largest species, Krøyer's deep sea angler fish, _Ceratias holboelli_, reach  in length. Males, on the other hand, are dwarfed, only  maximum. When these fish were first studied, the males were mistaken for parasites. Females usually have more than one male attached to them, which is a good example of polyandry.

At birth, tiny male ceratiids already have extremely well-developed olfactory organs that detect scents in the water. The male lives solely to find and mate with a female. They are significantly smaller than a female angler fish, and may have trouble finding food in the deep sea. Furthermore, the growth of the gut may stop in some species, preventing them from feeding at all. This means the male must find a female quickly to prevent death. The sensitive olfactory organs help the male detect the pheromones from female anglerfish.

When the male finds a female, he bites into her skin, and releases an enzyme. The enzyme digests the skin of his mouth and her body, fusing the pair down to the blood-vessel level. The male then slowly wastes away, first losing his digestive organs, then his brain, heart, and eyes, and ends as nothing more than a pair of gonads. The gonads release sperm in response to hormones in the female's bloodstream. This extreme sexual dimorphism makes sure that, when the female is ready to spawn, she has a mate right there. Multiple males can be incorporated into a single female.

Ceratiids are the only animals known to become chimaeras as a normal part of their life-cycle.

## Genera and species

- _Ceratias_ <small>Krøyer, 1845</small>
    - _Ceratias holboelli_ <small>Krøyer 1845</small> (Krøyer's deep sea angler fish)
    - _Ceratias tentaculatus_ <small>Norman, 1930</small> (southern seadevil)
    - _Ceratias uranoscopus_ <small>J. Murray, 1877</small> (stargazing seadevil)
- _Cryptopsaras_ <small>Gill, 1883</small>
    - _Cryptopsaras couesii_  <small>Gill, 1883</small> (Triplewart seadevil)

## Related pages

- Krøyer's deep sea angler fish
- Lasiognathus amphirhamphus
Chimaera (genetics)

A **chimaera** or **chimera** in biology is a single organism (usually an animal)  made of two genetically distinct cells. The two types of cells may come from separate fertilised eggs or zygotes.

Chimeras that originate from distinct fertilised eggs fused together are called dispermic chimeras. When, on the other hand, the genetically distinct cell types originate from the same zygote, the organism is called a mosaic.

Dispermic chimaeras are formed from at least two fertilized eggs or early embryos fused together. Each population of cells keeps its own phenotype and the resulting organism is a mixture of the two phenotypes.

Microchimerism is a form of chimerism in which a host harbors a small set of genetically distinct cells. This often happens with blood transfusion or transplants, but also during pregnancy due to the two-way cell trafficking between the mother and the foetus.

Recently, epigenetic chimeras have been discovered in mouse models.

## Germline chimerism

Germline chimerism occurs when the germ cells (for example, sperm and egg cells) of an organism are not genetically identical to its own.

Marmosets almost always give birth to fraternal twins. They may have the reproductive cells of their (fraternal) twin siblings. Placental fusion during development in the womb is what causes this.

## Related pages

- Mosaic (genetics)
Phil Donahue

**Phillip John Donahue** (December 21, 1935 – August 18, 2024) was an American talk show host. He was best known for hosting _The Phil Donahue Show_ from 1967 to 1996. He also hosted other talk shows. His career began in 1957.

Donahue's shows focused on issues that were controversial between liberals and conservatives in the United States, like abortion, consumer protection, civil rights and war issues.

Donahue also hosted a talk show on MSNBC for a short time from July 2002 to February 2003. He was seen as one of the most important talk show hosts and was often called the "king of daytime talk".

In 1996, Donahue was ranked #42 on _TV Guide_s 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time. During his career, Donahue won nine Emmy Awards and a lifetime achievement award.

Donahue was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He studied at the University of Notre Dame.

Donahue was married to Margaret Cooney from 1958 until they divorced in 1975. They had five children. He then married actress Marlo Thomas on May 21, 1980. He and Thomas did not have any children together.

In May 2024, Donahue was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Joe Biden.

Donahue died from a long-illness at his home in New York City on August 18, 2024, at the age of 88.
Exodus International

**Exodus International** was a non profit and ex-gay Christian group seeking to limit homosexual desire. The group was based in Orlando, Florida. They did not perform or conduct clinical treatment, although they did have a position saying that holistic counselling approaches that can address homosexual behaviors may be beneficial. The techniques involved are abstinence, lessening of homosexual temptations and correcting distorted style of relations to the same or opposite gender. This organization was founded around 1976. It represented over 120 local ministry networks in the United States and Canada and over 150 in another 17 countries. It was closed in 2013.
Trainz

**Trainz** is a computer program that allows you to create your own Railway. It was developed by the Australian developer _Auran_. The game comes in 3 areas: Routes, Railyard and Scenarios. Routes has 3 seperate areas inside it: Surveyor - where you can create and change Routes, driver - where you can drive along surveyor routes, and Routes - where you can see all the routes. Railyard is where you can see all your trains. Scenarios is where you can earn points by doing missions. They are different versions, The latest one is Trainz 12. The program works with Windows XP and its later versions, as well as Mac OS 10.6.8 and its later versions.

## Other websites

- Trainz Simulator official website
- Auran official website
Petropedetidae

**Petropedetinae** are a subfamily of frogs.

They are placed in the true frog family (Ranidae) by many authors. Some think at least part of this group are a distinct family **Petropedetidae**. The **Cacosterninae** and **Phrynobatrachinae** are then separated as subfamilies.  They may even be distinct families **Cacosternidae** and **Phrynobatrachidae**. Most members of this subfamily are in the genus _Phrynobatrachus_.

These frogs mostly live in sub-Saharan Africa.

This group of frogs is made up from the following genera:
- _Anhydrophryne_ – Hogsback Frog (1 species)
- _Arthroleptella_ – moss frogs (8 species)
- _Arthroleptides_ – African torrent frogs (3 species)
- _Cacosternum_ – cacos (10 species)
- _Dimorphognathus_ (1 species)
- _Ericabatrachus_ (1 species)
- _Microbatrachella_ – Micro Frog (1 species)
- _Natalobatrachus_ (1 species)
- _Nothophryne_ (1 species)
- _Petropedetes_ (7 species)
- _Phrynobatrachus_ – dwarf puddle frogs or African puddle frogs (70+ species)
- _Phrynodon_ (1 species)
- _Poyntonia_ (1 species)

## References

- (2006): Amphibian Species of the World Version 3 - Petropedetidae Noble, 1931. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Retrieved 2006-AUG-05.
Pyxicephalidae

**Pyxicephalidae** is a family of frogs.  They are found in Sub-Saharan Africa.

## Classification

Pyxicephalidae has two subfamilies, with a total of 13 genera.  This family was formerly considered part of the family Ranidae.

Family **PYXICEPHALIDAE**
- Subfamily _Cacosterninae_
    - Genus _Amietia_ (15 species)
    - Genus _Anhydrophryne_ (3 species)
    - Genus _Arthroleptella_ (3 species) – Moss frogs
    - Genus _Cacosternum_ (12 species)
    - Genus _Ericabatrachus_ (1 species)
    - Genus _Microbatrachella_ (1 species) – Micro frog
    - Genus _Natalobatrachus_ (1 species)
    - Genus _Nothophryne_ (1 species)
    - Genus _Poyntonia_ (1 species)
    - Genus _Strongylopus_ (10 species)
    - Genus _Tomopterna_ (11 species)
- Subfamily _Pyxicephalinae_
    - Genus _Aubria_ (2 species) – Masako fishing frog, brown ball frog
    - Genus _Pyxicephalus_ (3 species) – African bull frogs, pixie frog
Rhacophoridae

**Rhacophoridae** is a family of frog species.  They live in tropical regions of Asia and Africa. They are commonly known as **shrub frogs**.  Sometimes they are called "**'moss frogs**" or "**bush frogs**." Some Rhacophoridae are called "**tree frogs**." Among the most spectacular members of this family are numerous "**flying frogs**."

Most of the species are arboreal. This may include reproducing in trees. Mating frogs, while in amplexus, hold onto a branch, and beat their legs to form a foam. The eggs are laid in the foam.  They are then covered with seminal fluid. Then the foam hardens into a protective casing. In some species, this is done in a large group. The foam is laid above a water source, so the tadpoles fall into the water once they hatch.

The species in this family vary in size, from  to . Like other arboreal frogs, they have toe discs. This family has the Old World flying frogs, including Wallace's flying frogs (_Rhacophorus nigropalmatus_). These frogs have extensive webbing between their hands and feet.  This lets them glide through the air.

## Genera

- Subfamily Buergeriinae <small>Channing, 1989</small>
    - _Buergeria_ <small>Tschudi, 1838</small>
- Subfamily Rhacophorinae <small>Hoffman, 1932 (1858)</small>
    - _Beddomixalus_ <small>Abraham, Pyron, Ansil, Zachariah, and Zachariah, 2013</small>
    - _Chirixalus_ <small>Boulenger, 1893</small>
    - _Chiromantis_ <small>Peters, 1854</small>
    - _Feihyla_ <small>Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006</small>
    - _Ghatixalus_ <small>Biju, Roelants, and Bossuyt, 2008</small>
    - _Gracixalus_  <small>Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2005</small>
    - _Kurixalus_ <small>Ye, Fei, and Dubois, 1999</small>
    - _Leptomantis_ <small>Peters, 1867</small>
    - _Liuixalus
    - _Mercurana_ <small>Abraham _et al_., 2013</small>
    - _Nasutixalus_ <small>Jiang, Yan, Wang, and Che, 2016</small>
    - _Nyctixalus_ <small>Boulenger, 1882</small>
    - _Orixalus_
    - _Philautus_ <small>Gistel, 1848</small>
    - _Polypedates_ <small>Tschudi, 1838</small>
    - _Pseudophilautus_ <small>Laurent, 1943</small>
    - _Raorchestes_ <small>Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta, and Bossuyt, 2010</small>
    - _Rhacophorus_ <small>Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1822</small>
    - _Rohanixalus_ <small>Biju, Garg, Gokulakrishnan, Chandrakasan, Thammachoti, Ren, Gopika, Bisht, Hamidy, and Shouche, 2020</small>
    - _Romerus_ <small>Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021</small>
    - _Taruga_ <small>Meegaskumbura, Meegaskumbura, Bowatte, Manamendra-Arachchi, Pethiyagoda, Hanken, and Schneider, 2010</small>
    - _Theloderma_ <small>Tschudi, 1838</small>
    - _Vampyrius_ <small>Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021</small>
    - _Zhangixalus'' <small>Li, Jiang, Ren, and Jiang, 2019</small>

## Phylogeny

This group of frogs is related to other frogs:
Moss frog

**Moss frog** might mean:

- _Arthroleptella_, a genus of true frogs from southern Africa
- Rhacophoridae, a family of the Old World Tropics
Bush frog

A **bush frog** can be one of two types of frogs.  They are found in sub-Saharan Africa and one also in Asia:

- Hyperoliidae, a family of sub-Saharan Africa and the Madagascar region, also known as sedge frogs
- Rhacophoridae, a family of the Old World Tropics
Flying frog

A **flying frog** is a frog that has the ability to glide. Despite its name, it does not have the ability to fly. They live their life in trees, high above the ground.

Alfred Russel Wallace made one of the earliest reports of a flying frog. The species he observed was later described by George Albert Boulenger as _Rhacophorus nigropalmatus_.

Flying frogs includes members of the following genera:
- _Ecnomiohyla_ (Hylidae)
- _Polypedates_ (Rhacophoridae)
- _Rhacophorus_ (Rhacophoridae)
Connie Britton

**Constance Elaine "Connie" Britton** (born March 6, 1967) is an American movie, stage and television actress. She was nominated three times for Emmy Awards On television, she is well known for her roles as Nikki Faber on _Spin City_ (1988–1991), (1996-2000), Tami Taylor on  _Friday Night Lights_ (2006-2011), as Vivien Harmon on _American Horror Story_ (2011) and as Rayna James on _Nashville_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Connie Britton
- **image**: ConnieBritton06TIFF.jpg
- **caption**: In 2006.
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **birthname**: Constance Elaine Womack
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1995–present
Adrenaline (album)

***Adrenaline*** is the first studio album by American metal band, Deftones. _Adrenaline_ was released on October 3, 1995. The album was originally known as _Communion_ but was later changed to _Adrenaline_. The album was ranked as #33 on music critic Piero Scaruffi's list of best metal albums of all times.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Adrenaline
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Deftones
- **released**: October 3, 1995
- **recorded**: July–August 1995
- **genre**: Nu metal, alternative metal
- **length**: 47:06
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Maverick Records, Maverick, Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros.
- **producer**: Terry Date, Deftones
- **prev title**: (Like) Linus
- **prev year**: 1993
- **next title**: Around the Fur
- **next year**: 1997
Hurricane Isaac (2012)

**Hurricane Isaac** was an Atlantic tropical cyclone. It killed almost two dozen people in Hispaniola in August 2012 and moved over Cuba and Haiti.  Isaac then became a Category One hurricane on August 28. It hit near the southeast tip of Louisiana at 6:44 pm that day.

## History

According to the report. Isaac was from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on August 15.

Isaac did not become a tropical depression until August 21.

Isaac was upgraded to a tropical storm that same day as Hurricane Hunters went into the storm and found winds more then 50 mph.

Isaac made its passage along the Lesser Antilles on August 22.

On August 25 the storm made its first landfall on Haiti with winds of 70 mph.

Isaac made its second landfall on Cuba with winds around 60-65 mph on the same day.

Isaac quickly exited Cuba and went towards the Florida Keys on August 26 but even though it did made landfall. It caused heavy rain to the Keys.

Isaac became a Hurricane on August 28 and made landfall as a Category 1 Hurricane with 80 mph.

Isaac moved inland and dissipated.
Pothos

**Pothos** is a son of Iris and Zephyrus in Greek mythology. He is the god of sexual yearning, longing, and desire. He is was one of the winged love gods, known as Erotes.
Sooglossidae

The **Sooglossidae** (**Seychelles frogs**) are a family of frogs.  They are found on the Seychelles Islands and India.

All of the species are small land frogs, about  in length.  They hide under fallen leaves or in rock crevices. They lay their eggs on moist ground, rather than in water. One species lacks tadpoles, with the eggs hatching directly into froglets. The others carry the tadpoles on their back until metamorphosis.

## Taxonomy

The family was first described in 1931 by Gladwyn Kingsley Noble (1894–1940).
- Genus ***Sooglossus*** (Seychelles frogs)
    - Gardiner's Seychelles frog (_S. gardineri_)
    - Seychelles palm frog (_S. pipilodryas_)
    - Seychelles frog (_S. sechellensis_)
    - Thomasset's frog (_S. thomasseti_)
- Genus ***Nasikabatrachus*** (purple frog)
    - _Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis_
Strabomantidae

**Strabomantidae** is a family of frogs.  They live in South America. These frogs do not have a free-living larval stage.  They hatch directly into miniature "froglets".

## Systematics

- Holoadeninae
- _Barycholos_
- _Bryophryne_
- _Euparkerella_
- _Holoaden_
- _Noblella_
- _Psychrophrynella_

- Strabomantinae
- _Atopophrynus_
- _Dischidodactylus_
- _Geobatrachus_
- _Hypodactylus_
- _Lynchius_
- _Niceforonia_
- _Oreobates_
- _Phrynopus_
- _Pristimantis_
- _Strabomantis_
Purple frog

The **purple frog** (_Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis_) also called the mahabali frog,  is a frog species in the family Sooglossidae. It lives in the Western Ghats also some parts of kerala in India. Common names for this species are  **Indian purple frog**, **pignose frog** or **doughnut frog, Mahabali frog**. It was discovered by S.D. Biju and F. Bossyut in October 2003.

This frog's body is shaped similarly to that of most frogs.  It is somewhat rounded. It has a small head and an unusual pointed snout. Adults are typically dark purple in color. Its cry sounds more like one from a chicken.

The frog spends most of the year underground.  It comes out only for about two weeks, during the monsoon.  This is to mate.

Unlike many other digging species of frogs that feed above the ground, this species eats underground.  They feed mainly on termites using their tongue.

The purple frog has one close relative, Bhupathy's purple frog, which also lives in the Western Ghats.

The purple frog starts off living their life at the base of land, but as they get older their bone structure morphs into a structure that becomes efficient for digging into dirt. This allows them to live a majority of their lives underground. Males will rarely come to the surface for mating purposes.The closest relatives of the **Purple Frog** (_Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis_) are **frogs from the Sooglossidae family**, which are **small frogs endemic to the Seychelles Islands**.

These frogs and the Purple Frog share a **common ancestor** dating back to the time of the **supercontinent Gondwana**, which split into different land masses about **120 million years ago**. The Purple Frog evolved in the Western Ghats of India, while the Sooglossidae frogs remained isolated in the Seychelles.

Both groups are part of an ancient lineage of frogs and are considered **relict species**—survivors of a very old evolutionary branch. They share some unique traits, including their burrowing lifestyles and adaptations to underground habitats.

## Other ideas

Scientists say that because the purple frog and Bhupathy's purple frog have close relatives in the Seychelles, which are close to Africa, it is likely that the Gondwanaland idea of why the continents are where they are is right.  This idea says that Africa and India used to be one large continent, called Gondwanaland.

## Why the unique name ?

It is said that king mahabali rises from the ground once every year this day is celebrated as onam in kerala  just as the king rises once every year the purple frog rises from the earth for this unique resembelance it is mahabali frog for this reason.

## Extinction

The **purple frog** (_Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis_) faces extinction as their habitat is threatened by agricultural expansion ( coffee, cardamom and etc) and the building of roads and other buildings in the region this is the main cause of extinction , their tadpoles are also eaten by locals. Their numbers are going down day by day let us spread awareness of this  weird, unique and cool looking frog.
Jody Watley

**Jody Vanessa Watley** (born 30 January 1959) is an American singer, dancer, songwriter and record producer. Her songs cross multiple genres. She was very popular in the late 1980s. She recorded and performed numerous songs related to dance-pop. She was born in Chicago and raised in Los Angeles.

Along with Janet Jackson and Madonna, she is one of MTV Video Music Awards most nominated female artists ever.  She had six nominations for her ‘Real Love’ video.

Watley has sold over 50 million albums and singles Worldwide.
In 2008, she received a Lifetime Achievement Award from _Billboard_ magazine.

### Grammy Awards

The Grammy Awards are awarded each year by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.

|-
|rowspan="2"| 1988 || || Best New Artist ||
|-
| "Looking for a New Love" || Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female ||
|-

### American Music Awards

The American Music Awards is a yearly awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973.

|-
|rowspan="1"|  || "Looking for a New Love" || Favorite Single (Soul/R&B) ||
|-

### MTV Video Music Awards

The MTV Video Music Awards were started in 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top music videos of the year.

|-
|rowspan="2"| 1988
|rowspan="2"| "Some Kind of Lover"
| Best Female Video
|
|-
| Best New Artist in a Video
|
|-
|rowspan="6"| 1989
|rowspan="6"| "Real Love"
| Best Female Video
|
|-
| Best Dance Video
|
|-
| Breakthrough Video
|
|-
| Best Direction in a Video
|
|-
| Best Art Direction in a Video
|
|-
| Best Editing in a Video
|
|-

### Soul Train Music Awards

The Soul Train Music Awards is a yearly award show.  They honor the best in African American music and entertainment.

|-
|rowspan="3"| 1988
|rowspan="2"| "Looking for a New Love"
| Best Music Video
|
|-
| Best R&B/Soul Single, Female
|
|-
| _Jody Watley_ || Best R&B/Soul Album, Female
|
|-

### _Billboard_ Music Awards

The _Billboard_ Music Awards are sponsored by _Billboard_ magazine.  They are to honor artists based on _Billboard_ Year-End Charts. The award ceremony was held from 1990 to 2007. Before and after that time span, winners have been announced by _Billboard_, both in the press and as part of their year-end issue. The award returned in 2011.

|-
|rowspan="1"| 2008 || || Lifetime Achievement Award ||
|-
|}

## References

[Category:Singers from california]]

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jody Watley
- **img**: Jody Watley.jpg
- **caption**: Jody Watley in 2008
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Jody Vanessa Watley
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **genre**: pop music, Pop, hip hop music, hip hop, rhythm and blues, R&B, soul music, soul, New jack swing, adult contemporary music, adult contemporary, dance music, dance, house music, house
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter, record producer, pianist
- **years active**: 1977–1984 (Groups) 1984–present (Solo)
- **label**: SOLAR Records, SOLAR, MCA Records, MCA, Atlantic Records, Atlantic, Avitone Records
- **associated acts**: Janet Jackson, Shalamar, George Michael Madonna, Andre Cymone, 4Hero
- **website**: [http://www.jodywatley.net/ jodywatley.net]
Kim (song)

"**Kim**" is a song by Eminem, released in 2000. The song appears on his third studio album, _The Marshall Mathers LP_.

The song is about Eminem's anger towards his then-wife Kim Mathers. The song portrays Eminem screaming at and then murdering his wife Kim. He also murders her husband and her stepson. The song features the drum sample from the song "When the Levee Breaks" by Led Zeppelin.

Eminem performed the song at a concert in Detroit, Michigan while abusing a blow-up doll that was dressed up to look like her on stage. Kim saw the performance and later after the show ended, she tried to commit suicide by slashing her wrists. She would later sue Eminem for defamation because of the song.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Kim
- **artist**: Eminem
- **album**: The Marshall Mathers LP
- **released**: May 23, 2000
- **recorded**: 1998
- **genre**: Horrorcore
- **length**: 6:17
- **producer**: Bass Brothers, F.B.T.
Anastasius

**Anastasius** is a male given name. The pronunciation of the name is [ an-_uh_-**stey**-sh_uh_s, -shee-_uh_s ]. It is from the Greek **' (_anastasis_) meaning "resurrection". Its female form is Anastasia. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

### Byzantine emperors

- Anastasius I (emperor) – Byzantine emperor 491–518
- Anastasios II (died 718) – Byzantine emperor 713–715

### Popes

- Pope Anastasius I – Pope 399–401
- Pope Anastasius II – Pope 496–498
- Pope Anastasius III – Pope 911–913
- Pope Anastasius IV – Pope 1153 to 1154

### Other Christian saints and clergy

- Saint Anastasius – a martyr under Nero
- Saint Anastasius the Fuller – martyr (d. 304)
- Anastasius of Antioch (disambiguation), multiple people
- Saint Anastasius of Persia – Persian martyr (d. 628)
- Saint Anastasius of Pavia– bishop of Pavia (d. 628)
- Anastasius of Armenia – Catholicos of Armenia from 661 to 667
- Saint Anastasius Sinaita (of Sinai) – theologian, Father of the Eastern Orthodox Church, monk, priest, and abbot of the monastery at Mt. Sinai (7th century)
- Anastasius Bibliothecarius (c. 810–878) – librarian of the Church of Rome, scholar and statesman, sometimes identified as an Antipope
- Astrik or Saint Anastasius of Pannonhalma – ambassador of Stephen I of Hungary (d. 1030)
- Anastasius of Hungary (954-1044), Apostle to Hungary
- Saint Anastasius of Lleida
- St. Anastasius Cornicularius
- Anastasius of Suppentonia – abbot (died 570)
- Pope Anastasius of Alexandria – Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria 605–616
- Patriarch Anastasius of Constantinople (I) – Patriarch of Constantinople 730–754
- Anastasius Germonius – Archbishop of Tarantaise and canon lawyer (1551–1627)

### Anastasio

- Anastasio Somoza García, Nicaraguan dictator (ruled 1936–1956)
- Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1925–1980), Nicaraguan dictator (ruled 1967–1979)
- Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero (born 1951), son of Somoza Debayle

### Pseudonym

- Anton Alexander Graf von Auersperg (1806–1876) – Austrian poet who wrote under the pseudonym of **Anastasius Grün_'.

## Other

- _Anastasius'', a novel by Thomas Hope in the early 19th century.
Pope Anastasius I

**Pope Saint Anastasius I** (; died 401) was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 39th Pope from 399 until his death in 401.

## Early life

Anastasius was born in Rome,  but little is known about his early life.  His father's name was Maximus.

Before Anastasius became a priest, he fathered a son who later became Pope Innocent I.

## Pope

Anastasius was elected pope in 399.

He best known for being against the thinking and writings of Origen.  In 400 he called a council to discuss them. The council agreed that Origen was not faithful to the Catholic Church.

After Anastasius, it became traditional for priests to stand and bow their head as they read from the gospels.

During his reign, Anastasius encouraged Catholics in North Africa.

He is buried in the Catacomb of Pontian.

## Legacy

Pope Anastasius was praised by Augustine of Hippo and St Jerome.

## Related pages

- List of popes

## Other websites

- Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **english name**: Anastasius I
- **image**: Anastasius I.jpg
- **birth name**: Anastasius
- **term start**: 27 November 399
- **term end**: 19 December 401
- **predecessor**: Pope Siricius, Siricius
- **successor**: Pope Innocent I, Innocent I
- **birth date**: unknown
- **birth place**: unknown
- **death date**: 16 December 401
- **feast day**: 19 December
- **other**: Anastasius
Pope Anastasius II

**Pope Anastasius II** (; died 16 November 498) was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 50th Pope from 496 until his death in 498.

## Early life

Anastasius was born in Rome.

## Pope

Anastasius was elected pope on November 24, 496.

Anastasius II was pontiff during a time of controversy involving Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople  Anastasius died in 498 at the height of the crisis.

## Legacy

In the _Divine Comedy_, Dante placed this pope in Hell.

## Related pages

- List of popes

## Other websites

- Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence
- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Anastasius II

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **english name**: Anastasius II
- **image**: Anastasius II.jpg
- **birth name**: Anastasius
- **term start**: 24 November 496
- **term end**: 16 November 498
- **predecessor**: Pope Gelasius I, Gelasius I
- **successor**: Pope Symmachus, Symmachus
- **birth date**: ???
- **birth place**: ???
- **death place**: Rome, Ostrogothic Kingdom
- **other**: Anastasius
Pope Anastasius III

**Pope Anastasius III** (; died June 913) was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 121st Pope from 911 until his death in 913.

## Early life

Anastasius was born in Rome.

## Pope

Anastasius was elected pope in 911.  He was pope during a period when Rome and the Papacy were in the power of the Theophylact family.

He was active in developing the dioceses of Germany.

He was buried in St. Peter's Basilica.

## Related pages

- List of popes

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **english name**: Anastasius III
- **image**: Anastasius II.jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **birth name**: Anastasius
- **term start**: April 911
- **term end**: June 913
- **predecessor**: Pope Sergius III, Sergius III
- **successor**: Pope Lando, Lando
- **birth date**: ???
- **birth place**: Rome, Papal States
- **death date**: June 913
- **death place**: Rome, Papal States
- **other**: Anastasius
Pope Anastasius

**Pope Anastasius** may mean:
- Pope Anastasius I (399–401), also called Saint Anastasius
- Pope Anastasius II (496–498)
- Pope Anastasius III (911–913)
- Pope Anastasius IV (1153–1154)
- Antipope Anastasius
Acceleration due to gravity

The acceleration which is gained by an object because of gravitational force is called its **acceleration due to gravity**. Its SI unit is <abbr title="meters per second squared">m/s<sup>2</sup></abbr>. Acceleration due to gravity is a vector, which means it has both a magnitude and a direction. The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earth is represented by the letter _g_. It has a standard value defined as . However, the actual acceleration of a body in free fall varies with location.

## Why heavier objects do not fall faster than lighter objects

Isaac Newton worked out that resultant force equals mass times acceleration, or in symbols, . This can be re-arranged to give .
The bigger the mass of the falling object, the greater the force of gravitational attraction pulling it towards Earth. In the equation above, this is . However, the amount of times the force gets bigger or smaller is equal to the number of times the mass gets bigger or smaller, having the ratio remain constant. In every situation, the  cancels down to the uniform acceleration of around 9.8 m/s<sup>2</sup>. This means that, regardless of their mass, all freely falling objects accelerate at the same rate.

Consider the following examples:

## Surface acceleration

Depending on the location, an object at the surface of Earth falls with an acceleration between .

Earth is not exactly spherical. It is similar to a "squashed" sphere, with the radius at the equator slightly larger than the radius at the poles. This has the effect of slightly increasing gravitational acceleration at the poles (since the poles are closer to the centre of Earth and the gravitational force depends on distance) and slightly decreasing it at the equator. Also, because of centripetal acceleration, the acceleration due to gravity is slightly less at the equator than at the poles. Changes in the density of rock under the ground or the presence of mountains nearby can affect gravitational acceleration slightly.

## Altitude

The acceleration of an object changes with altitude. The change in gravitational acceleration with distance from the center of Earth follows an inverse-square law. This means that gravitational acceleration is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the center of Earth. As the distance is doubled, the gravitational acceleration decreases by a factor of 4. As the distance is tripled, the gravitational acceleration decreases by a factor of 9, and so on.

At the surface of the Earth, the acceleration due to gravity is roughly . The average distance to the centre of the Earth is .

Using the constant , we can work out gravitational acceleration at a certain altitude.

Example: Find the acceleration due to gravity  above Earth's surface.

∴ Distance from centre of Earth is .

∴ Acceleration due to gravity  above Earth's surface is .

Gravitational acceleration at the Kármán line, the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space which lies at an altitude of , is only about 3% lower than at sea level.
Pope Anastasius IV

**Pope Anastasius IV** (; c.1073–3 December 1154), born **Corrado di Suburra**, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the 169th Pope from 1153 until his death in 1154.

## Early life

Corrado di Suburra was born in Rome.  He was the son of Benedetto di Suburra.

## Cardinal

In 1127, della Suburra was made cardinal-bishop of Sabina.

## Pope

Anastasius was elected pope in July 1153.  He is known for helping to settle a controversy between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Bishop of Magdeburg in Germany.

The Pantheon in Rome was restored while he was pope.

The pope died on 3 December 1154.

## Related pages

- List of popes

## Other websites

- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Corrado di Suburra

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **english name**: Anastasius IV
- **image**: B Anastasius IV.jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **birth name**: Corrado Demetri della Suburra
- **term start**: 9 July 1153
- **term end**: 3 December 1154
- **predecessor**: Pope Eugene III, Eugene III
- **successor**: Pope Adrian IV, Adrian IV
- **birth date**: ca. 1073
- **birth place**: Rome
- **death place**: Rome
- **other**: Anastasius
WWE 2K

***WWE 2K*** series is a series of video games that are developed by Yuke's and Visual Concepts and are published by 2K Sports. The video games are based on the professional wrestling company WWE.

The series was first known as _WWF/WWE SmackDown!_ from 2000 to 2004 and then was changed to _WWE SmackDown vs. Raw_ in 2004. The title was changed to simply _WWE_ in 2011 with the release of WWE '12. The _WWE_ title  was used for WWE '12 and WWE '13 and was changed to _WWE 2K_ when Take Two Interactive acquired the publishing rights for the series from THQ. In Japan, the series was known as _Exciting Pro Wrestling_ until 2005. The series has gained positive reviews over the years and is one of the best-selling video game franchises.

The series was published by THQ from 2000 to 2013 before THQ filed for bankruptcy on December 19, 2012. THQ's assets were auctioned off and the WWE video game's publishing rights were acquired by Take Two Interactive (Parent company of 2K Games).

## Games

- _WWF SmackDown!_ (PS) (2000)
- _WWF SmackDown! 2: Know Your Role_ (PS) (2000)
- _WWF SmackDown! Just Bring It_ (PS2) (2001)
- _WWE SmackDown! Shut Your Mouth_ (PS2) (2002)
- _WWE SmackDown! Here Comes the Pain_ (PS2) (2003)
- _WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw_ (PS2) (2004)
- _WWE SmackDown! vs. Raw 2006_ (PS2, PSP) (2005)
- _WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2007_ (PS2, PSP, Xbox 360) (2006)
- _WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2008_ (PS2, PS3, Wii, Xbox 360, Mobile, NDS) (2007)
- _WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009_ (PS2, PS3, PSP, Wii, Xbox 360, Mobile, NDS) (2008)
- _WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2010_ (PS2, PS3, PSP, Wii, Xbox 360, Mobile, NDS) (2009)
- _WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2011_ (PlayStation 2, PS3, PSP, Wii, Xbox 360) (2010)
- _WWE '12_ (PS3, Wii, Xbox 360) (2011)
- _WWE '13_ (PS3, Wii, Xbox 360) (2012)
- _WWE 2K14_ (PS3, Xbox 360) (2013)
- _WWE 2K15_ (PS3, PS4, Xbox 360, Xbox One) (2014)
- _WWE 2K16_ (PS4, PS3, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows) (2015)
- _WWE 2K17_ (PS4, PS3, Xbox 360, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows) (2016)
- _WWE 2K18_ (PS4, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows) (2017)
- _WWE 2K19_
- _WWE 2K20_ (PS4, Xbox One, Microsoft Windows) (2019)
- _WWE 2K Battlegrounds_ (Windows, Nintendo Switch, PS4, Xbox One, Google Stadia)
- _WWE 2K22_ (PS4, PS5, Windows, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S)  (2022)
- _WWE 2K23_ (PS4, PS5, Windows, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S) (2023)
- _WWE 2K24_ (PS4, PS5, Windows, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S) (2024)
Jerry Nelson

**Jerry L. Nelson** (July 10, 1934 – August 23, 2012) was an American puppeteer. He was best known for his work with _The Muppets_. He was known for his wide range of characters and singing abilities. He performed Muppet characters on _Sesame Street_, _The Muppet Show_, _Fraggle Rock_, and various Muppet movies and specials.

Nelson was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He worked as a puppeteer from 1965 until 2011. He died on August 23, 2012 from complications of prostate cancer in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Nelson also suffered emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He was 78 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jerry Nelson
- **birth name**: Jerry L. Nelson
- **birth date**: July 10, 1934
- **birth place**: Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death cause**: Prostate cancer, COPD and Emphysema
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Puppeteer, voice actor, singer
- **years active**: 1965 – 2012
- **known for**: _The Muppet Show_,
_Sesame Street_
- **spouse**: Jan Nelson
(? – 2012; his death)
- **children**: 1 daughter