juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ieng Thirith

**Ieng Thirith** (née **Khieu**; ; 10 March 1932 – 22 August 2015) was an important Cambodian figure and political criminal in the Khmer Rouge, but was neither a member of the Khmer Rouge Standing Committee nor of the Central Committee.

Thirith was the widow of Ieng Sary, who was minister of foreign affairs of Democratic Kampuchea's Khmer Rouge regime. She served as Minister of Social Affairs from October 1975 until the fall of the Khmer Rouge in 1979.

## Arrest

She was arrested & charged by the Extraordinary Chamber in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) in November 2007 with her husband, Ieng Sary, on suspicion of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. She was sentenced to house arrest. Her sentence was lifted in 2012 due to mental health.

## Death

Thirith died from complications of Alzheimer's disease in Pailin at the age of 83.

## Other websites

- Photos - on afp.google.com
- Cambodia Tribunal Monitor

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ieng Thirith
- **image**: Ieng Thirith - 19 Oct 2011.jpg
- **office**: Minister of Social Affairs
- **term start**: 9 October 1975
- **term end**: 7 January 1979
- **primeminister**: Pol Pot
- **birth name**: Khieu Thirith
- **birth date**: 10 March 1932
- **birth place**: Battambang Province, Battambang, Cambodia
- **death place**: Pailin Province, Pailin, Cambodia
- **spouse**: Ieng Sary
(m. 1951–2013; his death)
Brewster, New York

**Brewster** is a village within the town of Southeast, New York in Putnam County, United States. Its population was 2,508 in 2020. The village is the most densely populated portion of the town. The village is named for two early farmers, Walter and James Brewster.
American Academy of Dramatic Arts

The **American Academy of Dramatic Arts** (**AADA**) is a two-year performing arts school. It has two locations. The first is at 120 Madison Avenue, Manhattan, New York City. The second is at 1336 North La Brea Avenue, Hollywood, California. AADA is the oldest acting school in the English-speaking world. The 2015 tuition is $30,650. About 81% of those who apply are accepted. AADA is a private non-profit institution.

## History

The academy in New York City was founded in 1884. Its purpose was to train actors for the stage. The landmark building was designed by noted architect Stanford White as the original Colony Club. In 1974, the academy opened another campus in Pasadena, California. This made AADA the only professional actor training school in both major theatrical centers in the US. The Los Angeles campus moved from Pasadena to Hollywood in 2001.

## Program

The academy remains dedicated to training professional actors. It offers a two-year program. Students have to be invited back for the second year. Auditions are held at the end of the second year for the third year company. As well as training for the theatre, it now offers courses in the movies and television. Students who graduate in New York receive an Associate of Occupational Studies degree. Students who graduate in Hollywood receive a Certificate of Completion or an Associate of Arts degree in acting. Students from New York and Los Angeles can get a Bachelor of Arts degree from selected universities.

## Notable alumni

Notable alumni include:

- Hank Azaria
- Lauren Bacall
- Conrad Bain
- Anne Bancroft
- Diana Barrymore
- Laura Branigan
- Adrien Brody
- John Cassavetes
- Kim Cattrall
- Jennifer Coolidge
- Hume Cronyn
- Bob Cummings
- Cecil B. DeMille
- William Devane
- Danny DeVito
- Colleen Dewhurst
- Kirk Douglas

- Julia Duffy
- Christine Ebersole
- James Farentino
- Nina Foch
- Ruth Gordon
- Bruce Greenwood
- Anne Hathaway
- Dennis Haysbert
- Florence Henderson
- Judd Hirsch
- Kate Jackson
- Grace Kelly
- Johnny Knoxville
- Dina Merrill
- Elizabeth Montgomery
- Carrie-Anne Moss
- Sarah Paulson

- Tom Poston
- William Powell
- Robert Redford
- Don Rickles
- Thelma Ritter
- Jason Robards
- Eric Roberts
- Edward G. Robinson
- Gena Rowlands
- Paul Rudd
- Rosalind Russell
- Jaclyn Smith
- Loretta Swit
- Gene Tierney
- Spencer Tracy
- Claire Trevor
- Peter Weller
Soundtrack

A **soundtrack**, also written **sound track**, can be recorded music that is synchronized to the images of a motion picture. Soundtracks can also be part of a book, television program, radio program or video game. A commercially released soundtrack album can be of music from a film or TV show. The term can also mean the physical area of photographic film that contains the synchronized recorded sound.

## History

In 1896 when people saw the first motion picture someone played music to go along with it. This was the era of the silent movie meaning only that the actors did not speak. A musician played different music to show drama, the character types and the storyline. There was music to introduce war, indians, cowboys and other types to the scenes. There was special music to introduce the hero. Even the villain had his own musical pieces to identify him. Finally, in 1927 moviemakers figured out how to include a soundtrack on the film. The movie _The Jazz Singer_ was the first musical where the audience could hear Al Jolson perform.
Liberation (Mýa album)

***Liberation*** is the fourth studio album by Mýa. It was going to be her first release with her then new record label Universal Motown. Before moving to Universal, she had begun work on an album for her previous label, Interscope, called _Control Freak_. and was originally going to be released in summer 2005. It was later renamed to _Liberation_.

The album was released only in Japan. It was released only as a downloadable album. The album features rappers Snoop Dogg and Lil Wayne.

## Track listing

- Notes
- <sup></sup> signifies a co-producer

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Liberation
- **type**: Studio
- **artist**: Mýa
- **released**: October 22, 2007
- **recorded**: 2004–2007
- **genre**: * Hip hop music, Hip hop
* Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **label**: Universal Motown
- **prev title**: Moodring
- **prev year**: 2003
- **next title**: Sugar & Spice (Mýa album), Sugar & Spice
- **next year**: 2008
Sugar & Spice (Mýa album)

***Sugar & Spice*** is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Mýa. It was her first studio album to be released by Manhattan Recordings. It was released on December 3, 2008, after she left Universal Motown in early 2008. The album has a cover of the reggae song "Shy Guy" by Diana King.

## Chart

|Chart(2008)|align="center"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Japanese Albums (Oricon)|align="center"|53|

## Release history

|Region|width="140"|Date|Format|Edition|Label|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="2"|Japan|December 3, 2008|rowspan="2"|Digital download, CD||

## Other websites

- MyaMya.com — official site

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Sugar & Spice
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Mýa
- **released**: December 3, 2008
- **recorded**: September —November 2008
- **length**: 55:27
- **label**: Manhattan Records, Manhattan/Planet 9
- **producer**: Mýa, Mýa Harrison <small>(also executive producer, exec.)</small>, D. Botts, Arkatech Beatz, Mike "Trauma" D., Michael Duque, Riddim Fingaz, Loren Hill, Stevie Hoang, Jimmy "Klev" Juarez, KO Tha Trakaholik, Rich "Nieze" Shelton, The Smith Brothers, Kevin Veny, Duke Williams, Leroy Williams, Yonny
- **prev title**: Liberation (Mýa album), Liberation
- **prev year**: 2007
- **next title**: Sugar & Spice:The Perfect Edition
- **next year**: 2011
Jentina

**Jentina Rose Rees** (née Chapman) (born 6 March 1984 in Woking, England) known simply as **Jentina**, is an English rapper, singer, songwriter and model. She also is of Romani people descent.

## Music career

Jentina got her first record deal at the age of nineteen. She was working in a computer shop at the time. She then came to fame in 2004 with her first single "Bad Ass Strippa". It was a rap song that sampled "For the Love of Money" by R&B group the O'Jays. It reached number twenty two in the UK. Her follow up single "French Kisses" was more R&B than hip hop sounding and reached number twenty. Her third single "Mysterious" didn't chart in the UK and was only released in Italy. Her album _Jentina_ was released in Italy in 2005. "Bad Ass Strippa" was later sampled and turned into a diss song by fellow female rapper Lady Sovereign called "Sad Arse Stripah".

## Modeling career

Apart from being a musician, Jentina was also a model. In November 2007, she modeled for the underwear brand Wonderbra. She was also featured in a jokey video of the chocolate bar Cadbury's _Gorilla_ advert where a gorilla played the drums to a Phil Collins song called "In The Air Tonight".

## Personal life

Jentina was born to a Romani family that consisted of fourteen children. When she was one year old, her family moved to West Molesey, Surrey.

In 2011, Jentina was on the judging panel for "Travellers Got Talent". She also appeared in the eight-part documentary "A Gypsy Life For Me" which aired on Bio in November 2011.

Jentina is married and has three children. They live in London.

### Albums

|align="left"|Album information|
| --- | --- |
|align="left"|_Jentina_ *Released: 2005 *Format: CD|

### Singles

|rowspan=2|Year|rowspan=2|Title|colspan=3|Peak chart positions|rowspan=2|Album|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2"|2004|align="left"|"Bad Ass Strippa"|style="text-align:center;"|22|style="text-align:center;"|20|style="text-align:center;"|49|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|_Jentina_|
|align="left"|"French Kisses"<sup>1</sup>|style="text-align:center;"|20|style="text-align:center;"|—|style="text-align:center;"|—|||||
|style="text-align:left;"|2005|align="left"|"Mysterious"<sup>2</sup>|style="text-align:center;"|—|style="text-align:center;"|30|style="text-align:center;"|—|||
|colspan="20" style="font-size:8pt"|"—" denotes releases that did not chart or was not released in that country or territory.|||||||||||
<sup>1</sup> - Released in the United Kingdom only.

<sup>2</sup> - Released in Italy only.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jentina
- **birth place**: Woking, Surrey, England
- **caption**: Jentina performing at Festivalbar in 2004
- **background**: solo_singer
- **origin**: London, England
- **years active**: 2004–2005
- **label**: Virgin Records
<small>(2004-2005)</small>
George Rosenkranz

**George Rosenkranz** (born _György Rosenkranz_; 20 August 1916 – 23 June 2019) was a Hungarian-born Mexican scientist in the field of steroid chemistry. He used native Mexican plant sources as raw materials. He was born in Hungary, studied in Switzerland and emigrated to the Americas to escape the Nazis, eventually settling in Mexico.

Rosenkranz died on 23 June 2019 in Atherton, California, United States. He was 102.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: George Rosenkranz
- **image**: George Rosenkranz crop 2013 13-2744-1 1247.jpg
- **caption**: George Rosenkranz receiving the Biotechnology Heritage Award in Chicago, 2013
- **birth place**: Budapest, Hungary
- **death place**: Atherton, California, United States
- **nationality**: Mexican
- **field**: Chemistry, Chemist
- **known for**: Synthesis of norethisterone, the first orally highly active progestin, used in one of the first combined oral contraceptive pill, oral contraceptive pills
Louie (TV series)

**Louie** is a comedy-drama on the FX network that began in 2010. It is written, directed and produced by the stand-up comedian, Louis C.K.. He also plays in the show as the main character who has two children in New York City. The show is often seen as being very well-done and popular. Louis C.K. has also won Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on the show.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Louie on IMDb
IRT Lexington Avenue Line

The **IRT Lexington Avenue Line** is one of the lines of the New York City Subway. It is the most often used line on the system, with 1.3 million people using it every day. It opened in 1904, and its service bullets are colored apple green. There are four services:

## Services

- **4**: An express service from Woodlawn in The Bronx to Utica Avenue in Brooklyn.
- **5**: An express service that runs from Dyre Avenue in The Bronx to Flatbush Avenue in southern Brooklyn on weekdays, or to Bowling Green in Manhattan on evenings and weekends. The Bronx end is East 180th Street at late nights. At rush hour it runs from Nereid Avenue, Bronx to Utica Avenue or New Lots Avenue, Brooklyn.
- **6**: This service is actually two services grouped together: a local service (circle) and an express service (diamond). It runs from Pelham Bay Park in Bronx to Brooklyn Bridge in Manhattan.
IRT Flushing Line

The **IRT Flushing Line** is a line of the New York City Subway. Services on it are colored purple. There is only one service on this line:
- **7**: This service runs from Main Street to 34th Street. It is famous for passing through areas of different cultures.
Vista, California

**Vista** (Spanish: _View_) is a city in northern San Diego County, California, United States. As of 2020, the city has a population of 98,381 people. It was incorporated (became a self-governing entities under state laws) on January 28, 1963. The city is seven miles away from the Pacific Ocean. In 2008, Vista was called the seventh-best place to live in the United States because of its job opportunities, education, climate and cost of living.

## Other websites

- Official website
Palomar College

**Palomar College** is a community college that is in San Diego County, California, United States. The main campus is in San Marcos, and the others are in Escondido, Camp Pendleton, Mt. Carmel High School, Fallbrook High School, Pauma Indian Reservation and at Ramona High School.

A proposal in 2006 allowed millions of dollars to be given to the school from the state of California. There are currently 26,606 students at the college (2014).

## Academics

Palomar College has more than 250 associate's degree and certificate programs, and also offers students transfer programs, which would allow them to go to different four-year universities.

Below is a list of the programs that are being offered at the college

- Arts, Media, Business, and Computer Science
    - Business Administration
    - Communications Department
    - Computer Science and Information Systems Department
    - Graphic Communications Department
    - Performing Arts Department
- Career, Technical, and Extended Education
    - Cooperative Education Department
    - Design and Consumer Education Department
    - Emergency Medical Education Department
    - Occupational and Noncredit Programs
    - Public Safety Programs
    - Trade and Industry Department
- Languages and Literature
    - English Department
    - English as a Second Language Department
    - Reading Services Program
    - Speech Communication / Forensics / ASL Department
    - World Languages Department
        - Arabic
        - Chinese
        - Foreign languages
        - French
        - German
        - Italian
        - Japanese
        - Spanish
- Mathematics and the Natural and Health Sciences
    - Chemistry Department
    - Dental Assisting Program
    - Earth, Space, and Aviation Sciences Department
    - Life Sciences Department
    - Mathematics Department
    - Nursing Education
    - Physics/Engineering Department
- Social and Behavioral Sciences
    - American Indian Studies Department
    - Behavioral Sciences Department
    - Child Development Department
    - Economics/History/Political Science Department
    - Kinesiology, Health, and Recreation Department
    - Library
    - Multicultural Studies Department
    - Tutoring

## Other websites

- Official website
- Palomar College club list
Cal State San Marcos (NCTD station)

The **Cal State San Marcos station** is a Sprinter light rail line that is served by North County Transit District. It is next to California State University San Marcos.

## Platforms and tracks

|width=160|Westbound station|width=175 colspan=3|Station|width=160|Eastbound station|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=center|San Marcos Civic Center <small>(toward Oceanside Transit Center)</small>|bgcolor=#1C3F94 width=10||align=center|**Cal State San Marcos**|bgcolor=#1C3F94 width=10||align=center|Nordahl Road <small>(toward Escondido Transit Center)</small>|

## Other websites

Map of the station on Google Maps

## Infobox (station)

- **name**: Cal State San Marcos
- **type**: Sprinter (North County Transit District), SPRINTER light rail station
- **symbol location**: sandiego
- **symbol**: sprinter
- **image caption**: Roadside view looking up at the passenger platforms on the elevated station.
- **address**: 410 La Moree Road
San Marcos, CA 92069
- **line**: Sprinter (San Diego), Sprinter
- **platform**: 1 island platform
- **opened**: March 9, 2008
- **ada**: Yes
- **owned**: North County Transit District
Jentina (album)

***Jentina*** is the self-titled debut studio album by English rapper Jentina, it was released by Virgin on September 9, 2005 in Italy. As of 2015 it is her only album that she has ever released, it features "Bad Ass Strippa" and "French Kisses" both which reached the top 30 in the UK and "Mysterious" which was only released in Italy.

## Track listing

1. "Mysterious"
1. "Bad Ass Strippa"
1. "Wonderful Day" <small>(featuring Dolamite)</small>
1. "French Kisses"
1. "Feels Good"
1. "Gone"
1. "Here I Come"
1. "Sneakers"
1. "Eenie Meenie" <small>(skit)</small>
1. "Smoke"
1. "Baby"
1. "Hard Times"

## Other websites

- _Jentina_ at IBS Store

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Jentina
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Jentina
- **released**: September 9, 2005
- **recorded**: 2004–2005
- **length**: 40:47
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin
Winter Gardens, California

**Winter Gardens** is a census-designated place in San Diego County, California, United States. The population was 22,380 in 2020. The United States Census Bureau says that the CDP has a total area of 4.4 square miles.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Winter Gardens
- **elevation ft**: 676
- **elevation m**: 206
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 22,380
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population density km2**: auto
- **area total sq mi**: 4.42
- **area land sq mi**: 4.42
- **area water sq mi**: 0
- **area total km2**: 11.45
- **area land km2**: 11.45
- **area water km2**: 0
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 92040
- **area code**: Area code 619, 619
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 06-85992
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1656662
- **settlement type**: census-designated place
- **image map**: San_Diego_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Winter_Gardens_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in San Diego County, California, San Diego County and the state of California
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name2**: San Diego County, California, San Diego
- **unit pref**: US
French Kisses

"**French Kisses**" is the second single by English rapper Jentina. It was released in 2004. It was the last song by Jentina to chart. It is also the last song by her to be released in the United Kingdom. The song reached number 20 in the UK. It ranked two places higher than her first song, "Bad Ass Strippa". It is different to "Bad Ass Strippa" as it is more of an R&B song and has less of a hip hop influence.

## Track listings

- CD 1
1. "French Kisses"
1. "French Kisses" (E-Smoove Radio Edit)

- CD 2
1. "French Kisses"
1. "French Kisses" (Switch's Jack The Box Remix)
1. "French Kisses" (Search & Destroy Remix)

- 12"
- Side 1
1. "French Kisses"
1. "French Kisses" (E-Smoove Remix)
- Side 2
1. "French Kisses" (Switch's Jack the Box Remix) {Side 2}

## Chart performance

|Chart (2004)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|UK Singles Chart|align="center"|20|

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: French Kisses
- **artist**: Jentina
- **album**: Jentina (album), Jentina
- **released**: 2004
- **recorded**: 2004
- **length**: 2:57
- **label**: Virgin Records
- **prev title**: Bad Ass Strippa
- **prev year**: 2004
- **next title**: Mysterious (song), Mysterious
- **next year**: 2005
Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix)

"**Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix)**" is a song by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez. The song, a remix of "Ain't It Funny", features additional vocals from Ja Rule (Jeffery Atkins) and Cadillac Tah as well as backing vocals from fellow R&B singer Ashanti. The song is about a relationship where a man plays around and cheats on a woman.

### Weekly charts

|Chart (2002)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Australia (ARIA)|align="center"|9|
|Canada (Nielsen SoundScan)|align="center"|12|
|Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)|align="center"|13|
|Greece (IFPI)|align="center"|22|

### Year-end charts

|Chart (2002)|Position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Australia (ARIA)|align="center"|88|
|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)|align="center"|72|
|Netherlands (Single Top 100)|align="center"|74|
|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)|align="center"|57|
|UK Singles (OCC)|align="center"|54|
|US _Billboard_ Hot 100|align="center"|13|
|US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (_Billboard_)|align="center"|34|

### Decade-end charts

|Chart (2000–2009)|Position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|US _Billboard_ Hot 100|align="center"|62|

### All-time charts

|Chart (1958–2018)|Position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|US _Billboard_ Hot 100|style="text-align:center;"|463|

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Ain't It Funny (Murder Remix)
- **border**: yes
- **artist**: Jennifer Lopez featuring Ja Rule and Caddillac Tah
- **album**: J to tha L–O! The Remixes, Irv Gotti Presents: The Inc. and Exodus (Ja Rule album), Exodus
- **recorded**: 2001
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **chronology**: Jennifer Lopez singles
- **prev title**: I'm Real (Jennifer Lopez song), I'm Real
- **prev year**: 2001
- **next title**: I'm Gonna Be Alright
- **next year**: 2002
Blurred Lines

***Blurred Lines*** is the sixth studio album by American recording artist Robin Thicke. It was released on July 12, 2013. It features the hit single, "Blurred Lines", the album's title track.

### Weekly charts

|Chart (2013)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Canadian Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|Chinese Albums (Sino Chart)|style="text-align:center;"|30|
|Italian Albums (FIMI)|style="text-align:center;"|34|
|UK Albums (OCC)|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|US _Billboard_ 200|style="text-align:center;"|1|

### Year-end charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2013)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|16||||
|148||||
|97||||
|36||||
|style="text-align:center;"|11|||
|style="text-align:center;"|2|||

## Release history

|Region|Date|Label|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Germany|July 12, 2013|Interscope (Universal)|||
|France|rowspan="2"|July 15, 2013|rowspan="2"|Polydor|
|United Kingdom|||||
|United States|rowspan="2"|July 30, 2013|rowspan="2"|Interscope|
|Canada|||||
|Japan|August 7, 2013|Universal International|||
|China|October 27, 2013|STARSING CULTURE|||

## Notes

1. Gaye was not credited as a songwriter, but a court later ruled that the song plagiarized Gaye's song "Got to Give It Up".

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Blurred Lines
- **type**: Studio
- **artist**: Robin Thicke
- **border**: yes
- **recorded**: 2012–13
- **length**: 42:34
- **prev title**: Love After War
(2011)
- **next title**: Paula (album), Paula
(2014)
This Used to Be My Playground

**"This Used to Be My Playground"** is a soft rock ballad from American singer Madonna. The song is about memories of childhood dreams. The song was featured in the credits of the movie _A League of Their Own_ in 1992. It is, however, not on the soundtrack album.

The song spent one week at #1 on _Billboard_ Hot 100 in summer 1992.

The longest version of the song is just over six minutes in length.
Graffiti (album)

***Graffiti*** is the third studio album by American recording artist Chris Brown. It was released on December 7, 2009 by CBE and Jive Records. It is his first album after being arrested for beating up his ex-girlfriend Barbadian R&B singer Rihanna earlier in 2009.

## Track listing

- <small>(co.) signifies a co-producer.</small>

### Weekly charts

|Chart (2009)|Peak position|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Australian Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|40|
|align="left"|French Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|134|
|align="left"|German Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|83|
|align="left"|Irish Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|47|
|align="left"|New Zealand Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|40|
|align="left"|UK Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|55|
|align="left"|UK R&B Chart|style="text-align:center;"|11|
|align="left"|US _Billboard_ 200|style="text-align:center;"|7|
|align="left"|US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|style="text-align:center;"|1|

### Year-end charts

|Chart (2010)|Position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|US _Billboard_ 200|style="text-align:center;"|113|

## Release history

|Country|Date|
| --- | --- |
|Germany|December 7, 2009|
|United Kingdom|December 7, 2009|
|United States|December 8, 2009|

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Graffiti
- **type**: Studio
- **artist**: Chris Brown (entertainer), Chris Brown
- **border**: yes
- **recorded**: 2008–09
- **length**: 51:50
- **prev title**: Exclusive (album), Exclusive
(2007)
- **next title**: F.A.M.E. (album), F.A.M.E.
(2011)
Hard Core (Lil' Kim album)

***Hard Core*** is the debut studio album by American rapper Lil' Kim. It was released on November 12, 1996 by Undeas Recordings and Big Beat Records.

### Sample credits

- "Big Momma Thang" contains a sample of Sylvester's "Was It Something I Said".
- "No Time" contains a sample of Vicki Anderson's "Message from the Soul Sisters" and Lyn Collins's "Take Me Just As I Am"  and The Notorious B.I.G.
- "Crush On You" contains excerpts and a sample of Jeff Lorber's "Rain Dance" and  Average White Band's "If I Ever Lose This Heaven"
- "Drugs" contains a sample of Soul Mann & The Brothers "Bumpy's Lament".
- "Queen Bitch" contains a sample of Roberta Flack's "Hey, That's No Way to Say Goodbye".
- "Dreams" contains a sample of Lyn Collins's "Think (About It)" and Jimi Hendrix's "Who Knows".
- "M.A.F.I.A. Land" contains a sample of Bert Kaempfert's "Only a Fool".
- "We Don't Need It" contains a sample of Lou Donaldson's "Ode to Billie Joe" and Shirley Murdock's "The One I Need".
- "Not Tonight" contains a sample of George Benson's "Turn Your Love Around".
- "Not Tonight (Ladies Night Remix)" contains a sample of Kool & the Gang's "Ladies Night".

### Chart

|align="center"|Chart (1996)|align="center"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Canadian Albums Chart|align="center"|9|
|align="left"|U.S. _Billboard_ 200|align="center"|11|
|align="left"|U.S. _Billboard_ Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums|align="center"|1|

### Certifications

|Country|Certification <small>(sales thresholds)</small>|
| --- | --- |
|United States|2x Platinum (RIAA)|

## Personnel

- Lil' Kim - vocals, rapping
- Technical personnel
- Stretch Armstrong, Corn Bread, Andraeo "Fanatic" Heard, Carlos Broady, Stevie J., Fabian Hamilton, Ski - producer
- Sean Combs, Christopher Wallace - executive producer, additional vocals
- Kenny Ortiz, Phil Tan - engineer
- Jermaine Dupri - producer, engineer
- Tony Black - engineer, mixing
- James Cruz, Herb Powers, Jr. - mastering
- Junior M.A.F.I.A., Jay-Z - additional vocals
- LaMarquis Mark Jefferson - bass
- Art personnel
- Michael Lavine - photography

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Hard Core
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Lil' Kim
- **recorded**: 1995–96
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop
- **label**: Undeas Recordings, Undeas, Big Beat Records (American record label), Big Beat
- **producer**: Sean "Puffy" Combs,  Christopher "B.I.G." Wallace (Executive producer, exec.),  Stevie J.,  Andreao Heard, Andraeo "Fanatic" Heard, Jermaine Dupri, Carlos "6 July" Broady, Ski (record producer), Ski, Jacob York (exec.), Lance "Un" Rivera (exec.), Stretch Armstrong, Fabian Hamilton, Nashiem Myrick
- **next title**: The Notorious K.I.M.
(2000)
Italian Sign Language

**Italian Sign Language** (Italian: _Lingua dei Segni Italiana_, **LIS**) is the sign language of the Italian deaf (3,525,000).
British Sign Language

**British Sign Language** (English: _British Sign Language_, **BSL**) is the sign language of the British deaf (3,525,000.

The language makes use of space and involves movement of the hands, body, face and head.
French Sign Language

**French Sign Language** (, **LSF**) is a sign language for deaf people. It is used in  France. There are approximately 3,506,800 people living in France who are deaf. LSF differs from American Sign Language (ASL) although there are many common signs.

## History

Sign languages have existed in many places in the past. They came about naturally with deaf people and their relatives. But sign languages have existed among hearing peoples also. They were used by hunters to silently communicate around game animals. Native American peoples had a sign language that could be understood by Native Americans speaking as many as 40 different languages. Christian monks used sign language while living under code of silence. Factory workers and others in extremely noisy places use sign languages.

Charles-Michel de l'Épée is considered the father of sign language. In 1771 he started the first free school for the deaf in Paris. He took in deaf students from many different places. Some came from Martha's Vineyard in the United States. There was a good deal of hereditary deafness there and the residents adopted their own sign language. Many came who used a local sign language. L'Épée combined all these into a standard sign language. His sign language eventually developed into the French Sign Language and is widely used all over Europe.
Resplendent quetzal

The **resplendent quetzal** (_Pharomachrus mocinno_) is a bird from Central America. It is well known for its colorful plumage.

It plays an important role in Mesoamerican mythology. The resplendent quetzal is the national bird of Guatemala. It is represented on the country's flag and coat of arms. It is also the name of its local currency.
California condor

The **California condor** (_Gymnogyps californianus_), is a New World vulture, the largest North American land bird. It became extinct in the wild in 1987 (all remaining wild individuals were captured), but has been reintroduced to northern Arizona and southern Utah (including the Grand Canyon area and Zion National Park), the coastal mountains of central and southern California, and northern Baja California. It is the only surviving member of its genus.

In 1970 there were only a few dozen left. In 1987 there were only 10 left. Currently there are 400 individuals, with about 200 left in the wild and the others in captive breeding.
Jörg Schneider

**Jörg Schneider** (7 February 1935 – 22 August 2015) was a Swiss stage and movie actor. He usually starred in Swiss German language cinema and television and stage productions. He was known for his _Kasperle_, _Pumuckl_ and fairytale-radio plays records and adapted plays for the Swiss German language.

Schneider died in Wetzikon from cancer, aged 80.

## Other websites

- _Jörg Schneider_ on the website of the Swiss television SRF

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jörg Schneider
- **image**: Jörg Schneider - ETH-Bibliothek Com C12-207-001 (cropped).tif
- **birth place**: Zürich, Switzerland
- **death place**: Wetzikon, Switzerland
- **occupation**: Stage and film actor, comedian and voice actor
- **years active**: since 1955
- **notable works**: _Usfahrt Oerlike_ (2015)
Merl Reagle

**Merl Reagle** (January 5, 1950 – August 22, 2015) was an American crossword constructor. He was best known for his family-friendly themes.

For 30 years, he constructed a puzzle every Sunday for the _San Francisco Chronicle_ (originally the _San Francisco Examiner_), which he syndicated to more than 50 Sunday newspapers, including the _Washington Post_, the _Los Angeles Times_, the _Philadelphia Inquirer_, the _Seattle Times_, _The Plain Dealer_, the _Hartford Courant_, the _New York Observer_, and the _Arizona Daily Star_.

Reagle died August 22, 2015, after being hospitalized two days earlier for acute pancreatitis in Tampa, Florida, aged 65.

## Other websites

- Reagle's Sunday Crosswords website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Merl Reagle
- **image**: Merl Reagle, crossword constructor.jpg
- **birth place**: Audubon, New Jersey
- **death place**: Tampa, Florida
- **occupation**: Crossword constructor
- **spouse**: Marie Haley
- **parents**: Sam and Evelyn Reagle
Mariem Hassan

**Mariem Hassan** (‎; 1958 – 22 August 2015), was a Sahrawi singer and lyricist from Western Sahara. She usually sang in Hassaniyya, an Arabic dialect spoken mostly in Western Sahara and Mauritania.

Hassan died of bone cancer in a Sahrawi refugee camp in Tindouf, Algeria on 22 August 2015.

## Other websites

- Bio of Mariem Hassan on her label website
- Mariem Hassan MySpace
- Bio of Mariem Hassan

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mariem Hassan
مريم حسن
- **image**: Mariem Hassan.jpg
- **caption**: Mariem Hassan performing in WOMAD 2008 (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 7 November 2008)
- **background**: solo_singer
- **alias**: _Voice of the Sahara_
- **birth date**: 1958
- **birth place**: Ued Tazua, Smara, Spanish Sahara
- **death place**: Tindouf, Algeria
- **instrument**: Vocalist
- **genre**: Blues music, folk music, traditional music, roots music
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter
- **years active**: 1976–2015
- **label**: Nubenegra
- **associated acts**: Shahid El Uali, Leyoad, Nayim Alal
Erhard Eppler

**Erhard Eppler** (9 December 1926 – 19 October 2019) was a German Social Democratic politician. He was the founder of the GTZ. During most years between 1970 and 1991 Eppler belonged to the SPD's National Executive Committee. He also chaired an SPD commission on tax reform, and a commission for formulating the party's basic values.

## Infobox (politician)

- **image**: 2015-12 Erhard Eppler SPD Bundesparteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-2.jpg
- **name**: Erhard Eppler
- **birth place**: Ulm
- **death place**: Schwäbisch Hall, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- **office**: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Minister for Economic Cooperation
- **term start**: 1968
- **term end**: 1974
- **predecessor**: Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski
- **successor**: Egon Bahr
- **party**: SPD
- **occupation**: Teacher
Palm-nut vulture

The **palm-nut vulture** (_Gypohierax angolensis_) is a bird found throughout most of Africa. It feeds mainly on the fruit of the oil palm. Like many African vultures, it is quite approachable and can be seen near habitation.
White-tailed eagle

The **white-tailed eagle** (_Haliaeetus albicilla_) — also called the **sea eagle**, **erne**, and **white-tailed sea-eagle** — is a large bird of prey.

It is in the family Accipitridae, which includes other raptors, such as hawks and  kites. It is a close cousin of the bald eagle, but it lives in Eurasia.

## Description

The white-tailed eagle is a very large bird. It measures  in length with a  wingspan. The wingspan averages about 7 feet. This is the largest of any eagle.
German Sign Language

**German Sign Language** (german: _Deutsche Gebärdensprache_, **DGS**) is the sign language of the germans deaf (8,000,000).
Dance Remixes

***Dance Remixes*** is the first remix album by American rapper Lil' Kim. It was released on June 6, 2006 by Atlantic Records. The album has dance remixes of the two singles "Lighters Up" and "Whoa" from Kim's fourth studio album _The Naked Truth_ (2005). It also has two remixes of "Big Momma Thang" and a remix of "Queen Bitch" from Kim's debut album _Hard Core_ (1996).

## Track listing

The official track listing for the album.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Dance Remixes
- **type**: remix
- **artist**: Lil' Kim
- **recorded**: 1996-2005
- **prev title**: The Naked Truth
- **prev year**: 2005
- **next title**: Ms. G.O.A.T.
- **next year**: 2008
Ms. G.O.A.T.

***Ms. G.O.A.T.***, is the first mixtape by American rapper Lil' Kim. It was released June 3, 2008 independently by Kim's own record label Queen Bee Entertainment. Lil Kim had never made a mix tape before, and in an MTV interview, she stated "I always wanted to do a mixtape... I used to see how 50 (Cent) used to do it so hard... Damn, it’s not a lot of girls doing it.". _Ms. G.O.A.T._ was her first own published release. The album features some new songs as well as remixes of several songs like Britney Spears' "Gimme More" and Alicia Keys' "No One".

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Ms. G.O.A.T.
- **type**: Mixtape
- **artist**: Lil' Kim
- **released**: June 3, 2008
- **recorded**: 2007–2008
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop
- **length**: 62:16
- **label**: Money Maker/International Rock Star Records, Queen Bee Entertainment
- **producer**: Lil' Kim, Kimberly "Lil' Kim" Jones, Mister Cee, DJ Whoo Kid, Christian Rich
- **prev title**: Dance Remixes
- **prev year**: 2006
- **next title**: Black Friday (Lil' Kim mixtape), Black Friday (2011)
Black Friday (Lil' Kim mixtape)

***Black Friday*** is the second mixtape by American rapper Lil' Kim, released on February 14, 2011. The mixtape is a parody of fellow female rapper Nicki Minajs 2010 album "Pink Friday" in which Minaj takes shots at Kim on several songs such as "Roman's Revenge" and "Did it On 'Em". Kim's artwork features a picture of Kim with a sword that had just been used to behead Minaj. The title track also is a diss song aimed at Minaj as Kim imitates Minaj talking about Kim on her song "Roman's Revenge" in an interview. The album also includes vocals from Minaj and R&B singers Rihanna and Keri Hilson.

## Infobox (album)

- **italic title**: no
- **name**: Black Friday
- **type**: Mixtape
- **artist**: Lil' Kim
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop
- **length**: 75:06
- **label**: Queen Bee Entertainment
- **prev title**: Ms. G.O.A.T.
(2008)
- **next title**: Hard Core 2
(2014)
LGBT rights in the United Kingdom

**Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT)** rights in the United Kingdom have improved a lot in recent years. In 2005, civil partnerships for same sex couples was legalised across the UK. In 2014, same sex marriage was legalised in England, Scotland and Wales. Gay people cannot get married in Northern Ireland because the Northern Ireland assembly voted against legalising it.

Sex between two men was illegal in the UK until 1967, but no law was ever made regarding lesbian sexual activity. In 1967, sex between men was partially decriminalized in England and Wales. It was made legal for men over 21 years' old in 1967, with some very serious restrictions, legal for men over 18 in 1994, and equalized with the heterosexual age of consent in 2002. The bill in 2000 also introduced a lesbian age of consent for the first time too. In Scotland it was legalised in 1981 and in Northern Ireland it was legalized in 1982. However, the UK Parliament legislated for same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland, which is expected to come into force on or before 13 January 2020.

## Legal summary

|Same-sex sexual activity legal|1967 (England and Wales) 1981 (Scotland) 1982 (Northern Ireland)|
| --- | --- |
|Equal age of consent||
|Anti-discrimination laws in employment only||
|Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services||
|Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas (incl. indirect discrimination, hate speech)||
|Recognition of same-sex couples (e.g. registered partnership or civil union, etc)|All of the UK, since 2005|
|Step-child adoption by same-sex couples||
|Gays and lesbians allowed to serve openly in the military||
|Same-sex marriages|(in England, Scotland and Wales, since 2014, and also in Northern Ireland since 2020)|
Hard Core 2

***Hard Core 2*** (also known as ***Hard Core 2K14*** and ***Hard Core***) is the third mixtape by American rapper Lil' Kim; it was released independently by Kim on her International Rock Star (I.R.S.) label; which was originally called "Queen Bee Entertainment" before the release of 2011's "Black Friday mixtape." It is the first mixtape that Kim released after giving birth to her daughter Royal Reign on 9 June 2014.

The name of the mixtape pays homage to Kim's debut album "Hard Core" which was released in 1996.

The mixtape also includes two songs that are diss tracks aimed at Nicki Minaj; a reggae type song called "Dead Gal Walking" and a hip hop and R&B sounding song called "Identity Theft".

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Hard Core 2
- **type**: mixtape
- **artist**: Lil' Kim
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop
- **label**: International Rock Star Records, I.R.S Records
- **prev title**: Black Friday (Lil' Kim mixtape), Black Friday
(2011)
Diamonds (song)

"**Diamonds**" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna from her seventh album, _Unapologetic_. It was the first song off of the album. It was Rihanna's twelfth number one single on the _Billboard Hot 100_ chart.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Diamonds
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Rihanna
- **album**: Unapologetic
- **recorded**: 2012
- **prev title**: Cockiness (Love It)#Remix featuring ASAP Rocky, Cockiness (Love It) Remix
- **prev year**: 2012
- **next title**: Stay (Rihanna song), Stay
- **next year**: 2013
UK garage

**UK garage** (sometimes shortened to **UKG** and simply **Garage**)  is a genre of electronic music originating from England in the early 1990s. It is made up of elements from Garage house, R&B, drum & bass, dance, reggae and hip hop music. It was very popular during the beginning of the 21st Century with teenagers and young adults listening to it. Some of its most popular musicians to perform UK garage are Mis-Teeq, Sweet Female Attitude, So Solid Crew, Shola Ama, Tinie Tempah, DJ Pied Piper, Craig David and Daniel Bedingfield. It is also a genre that blends with grime.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: UK Garage
- **bgcolor**: silver
- **color**: black
- **popularity**: Mainstream success late 1990s & early 2000s / underground 2011 onwards
- **subgenrelist**: List of electronic music genres, Subgenres
Sweet Female Attitude

**Sweet Female Attitude** was a UK garage and R&B girl group, consisting of Leanne Brown and Catherine Cassidy, who are considered a one-hit wonder in the United Kingdom. The group's debut single "Flowers" was an instant hit and reached number two on the UK charts. Their follow up single "8 Days a Week" didn't reach the same success as "Flowers" and missed the top 40 and peaked at 43 on the charts. Their album _In Person_ was only released in Germany.

## Discography

- _In Person_ (2001)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sweet Female Attitude
- **image**: Sweet Female Attitude Live at Cardiff University in 2017.jpg
- **origin**: Manchester, England
- **background**: group_or_band
- **years active**: 1998–2002
- **label**: Milkk
Once Upon a Time in Mexico

***Once Upon a Time in Mexico*** (known also as ***Desperado 2***) is a 2003 American action movie. It was directed by Robert Rodriguez and it was produced by Robert Rodriguez, Elizabeth Avellán, and Carlos Gallardo. _Once Upon a Time in Mexico_ was released on September 12, 2003. It is the sequel to _El Mariachi_ and _Desperado_. It is also the third and final movie in Rodriguez's _Mexico_ Trilogy.

The movie got positive reviews from critics but was criticized for having a plot that was hard to follow. It has a 68% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the movie 3 stars out of 4 and said that "Like Leone's movie, the Rodriguez epic is more interested in the moment, in great shots, in surprises and ironic reversals and closeups of sweaty faces, than in a coherent story."

## Cast

- Antonio Banderas as El Mariachi
- Salma Hayek as Carolina
- Johnny Depp as Sheldon Jeffrey Sands
- Rubén Blades as Jorge Ramírez
- Mickey Rourke as Billy Chambers
- Enrique Iglesias as Lorenzo
- Marco Leonardi as Fideo
- Pedro Armendáriz, Jr. as President
- Willem Dafoe as Armando Barillo
- Eva Mendes as Ajedrez Barillo
- Danny Trejo as Cucuy
- Tony Valdes as Chicle Boy
- Gerardo Vigil as General Marquez
- Miguel Couturier as Dr. Guevera
- Cheech Marin as Belini
- Julio Oscar Mechoso as Nicholas

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Once Upon a Time in Mexico
- **director**: Robert Rodriguez
- **producer**: Robert Rodriguez
Elizabeth Avellán
Carlos Gallardo (actor), Carlos Gallardo
- **writer**: Robert Rodriguez
- **starring**: Antonio Banderas
Salma Hayek
Johnny Depp
Rubén Blades
Mickey Rourke
Enrique Iglesias
Marco Leonardi
Pedro Armendáriz, Jr.
Eva Mendes
Tony Valdes
Willem Dafoe
Danny Trejo
- **music**: Robert Rodriguez
- **cinematography**: Robert Rodriguez
- **editing**: Robert Rodriguez
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures (United States)
Miramax Films (International)
- **studio**: Columbia Pictures
Dimension Films
Troublemaker Studios
- **released**: September 12, 2003
- **runtime**: 102 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Spanish
- **budget**: United States dollar, $29 million
- **gross**: $98.1 million
Dorothy Kilgallen

**Dorothy Mae Kilgallen** (July 3, 1913 – November 8, 1965) was an American journalist and television game show panelist and the daughter of one of the Hearst Syndicate’s star reporters, James Lawrence Kilgallen. She started as a reporter for Hearst Corporation's _New York Evening Journal_. In 1938, she began her newspaper column. It was later syndicated for more than 146 papers. Kilgallen was also a regular panelist on the television game show _What's My Line_ from 1950 until 1965.

Kilgallen's columns had mostly gossip and news about show business. There was also news about organized crime and politics. Kilgallen also wrote several newspaper articles on the Kennedy assassination and the trial of Jack Ruby for shooting Lee Harvey Oswald.

Kilgallen was born in Chicago, Illinois. She died at age fifty-two in Manhattan, New York from a mix of alcohol and barbiturates.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dorothy Kilgallen
- **image**: Dorothy Kilgallen 1952.png
- **caption**: Dorothy Kilgallen in 1952
- **other names**: Dolly Mae
- **birth name**: Dorothy Mae Kilgallen
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
- **death cause**: Apparent alcohol and drug combination overdose
- **resting place**: Gate of Heaven Cemetery
Hawthorne, New York
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **education**: Erasmus Hall High School
- **alma mater**: College of New Rochelle, The College of New Rochelle
- **occupation**: Media personality, author, journalist, panelist
- **spouse**: (her death)
- **children**: Jill 1941, Richard (Dickie, Jr.) 1943, and Kerry 1953
- **parents**: Father: James Lawrence Kilgallen
Mother: Mae Ahern
- **relatives**: Sister: Eleanor Kilgallen (1919-2014)
Martin Ritt

**Martin Ritt** (March 2, 1914 – December 8, 1990) was an American movie director and actor. He worked in both movies and theater. He directed many movies including _The Long, Hot Summer_ (1958), _Norma Rae_ (1979) and _Stanley & Iris_ (1990).

Ritt was born in New York City. He died from heart disease in Santa Monica, California.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Martin Ritt
- **image**: Martin Ritt (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: at Schiphol, 1965
- **birth place**: New York City, New York
- **death place**: Santa Monica, California
77 (number)

**Seventy-seven** is a natural number that  comes after seventy-six and before seventy-eight. It is a palindromic number.

## Science

In science, 77 is:
- The atomic number of iridium
- The boiling point of nitrogen, in kelvins

## Infobox (number)
Oriental turtle dove

The **oriental turtle dove** or **rufous turtle dove** (_Streptopelia orientalis_) is a member of the bird family Columbidae. That family includes doves and pigeons.
Elliot's pheasant

**Elliot's pheasant** (_Syrmaticus ellioti_) is a large pheasant. It is native to southeastern China.