juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Marcel Marceau

**Marcel Mangel** (22 March 1923 – 22 September 2007) better known by his stage name **Marcel Marceau**, was a French mime. He was one of the most popular mimes in the world. He was said to be "single-handedly responsible for reviving the art of mime after World War II."

Marceau created many personalities. The most famous of these is probably _Bip the clown_. He received several awards for his works.
- The French Legion of Honour, in the rank of an Officer, 1986
- Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres
- The French Order of Merit

## Other websites

- The World of Mime Theatre Library: Marcel Marceau
- Compagnie Bodecker&Neander : Alexander Neander and Wolfram v. Bodecker are assistants and members of the Compagnie MARCEL MARCEAU.
- Salon - Brilliant Careers

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Marcel Marceau
- **image**: Marcel Marceau (1962).jpg
- **caption**: Marcel Marceau (1962)
- **birthname**: Marcel Mangel
- **birth date**: 22 March 1923
- **birth place**: Strasbourg, France
- **death place**: Cahors, France
- **resting place**: Pere-Lachaise Cemetery
Bugs Bunny

**Bugs Bunny** is an Academy Award-winning animated rabbit who starred in the _Looney Tunes_ and _Merrie Melodies_ series created by Warner Bros. He made the iconic quote "_What's Up, Doc?_" popular as early as 1940.  Other things he says are "I knew I shoulda taken that left turn at Albuquerque", "Of course you realize, this means war", and "Ain't I a stinker?". He is often seen as a very studious character, with a carrot in his mouth. His counterpart is commonly Daffy Duck, with whom he is usually arguing.  In other shorts, he comes up against Wile E. Coyote, Elmer Fudd, or Yosemite Sam.  Bugs speaks Bronx/Brooklyn/Flat Bush/Jersey/New York with an Bronx/Brooklyn/Flat Bush/Jersey/New York accent, causing him to drop his "Rs". Bugs is somewhat based on the comedian Groucho Marx. Bugs is one of a dozen cartoon characters to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame; he was the second after Mickey Mouse.

## Appearances

- _Transylvania 6-5000_ (1963) -- (Main role)
- _Yakety Yak, Take it Back_ (1991) -- (Supporting role)
- _Trash Talk_ (1992) -- (Minor role)
- _Space Jam_ (1996) -- (Main role)
- _Looney Tunes: Back in Action_ (2003) -- (Main role)
- _Space Jam: A New Legacy_ (2021) -- (Main role)

Further reading

- _Chuck Amuck : The Life and Times of an Animated Cartoonist_ by Chuck Jones, published by Farrar Straus & Giroux,

## Other websites

- Warner Bros. Studios
- Bugs' Toonopedia profile
Kaz II mystery

The ***Kaz II*** is a 12 metre catamaran that was found drifting 160 km (80 nautical miles) off the northern coast of west indies on April 18, 2007. What happened to the crew of the boat is not known. The circumstances in which they disappeared are mysterious and have been compared to that of the 1800s ship _Mary Celeste_.
James L. Brooks

**James L. Brooks** (born May 9, 1940) is a three-time Academy Award, nineteen-time Emmy and Golden Globe-winning American producer, writer, and movie director.

He is best known for creating American television programs such as _The Mary Tyler Moore Show_, _The Simpsons_, _Rhoda_ and _Taxi_. His best-known movie is _Terms of Endearment_, for which he received three Academy Awards in 1984.

## Other websites

- Gracie Films Website

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: James L. Brooks
- **image**: Jameslbrooks.jpg
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York
- **spouse**: Marianne Catherine Morrissey (1964 – ?)
 Holly Beth Holmberg (1978 – )
- **website**: [http://www.graciefilms.com/ Gracie Films]
Wi-Fi

**Wi-Fi** is a way of connecting to a computer network using radio waves instead of wires.  It was invented to connect computers that are near each other, and nowadays is much used for Internet connections.

The Wi-Fi Alliance says Wi-Fi is any "wireless local area network" (WLAN) that follows the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 specification. A Wi-Fi device can work with any Wi-Fi network anywhere in the world.

The word _Wi-Fi_ is a play on words with hi-fi, and was invented to replace the name "IEEE 802.11b Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum".

As of 2013, most wireless networks use one of two radio frequency bands. These are not the only two bands, but are the most used. One of the bands is at around 2.4 GHz, and the other is at 5 GHz. Both of these have benefits and drawbacks: The 2.4 GHz band is widely used, and devices are usually cheaper. Microwave ovens, DECT telephones and other wireless devices also use the 2.4 GHz band, and sometimes cause interference which slows transmissions. The 5 GHz band has more frequencies and usually less interference, but there are more rules for using it.  In some places, the 5 GHz band may not be used outdoors. Because fewer devices use the 5 GHz band, devices that do are often more expensive.

The World Health Organization (WHO) says that Wi-Fi is not dangerous.

## Related pages

- Hotspot (computers)

## Other websites

- Wi-Fi Alliance
- Free WiFi  - A list of free Wi-Fi around the world

## Infobox (protocol)

- **name**: Wi-Fi
- **image**: File:WiFi Logo.svg
- **caption**: The old Wi-Fi Alliance logo.
- **hardware**: Personal computers, Video_game_console, gaming consoles, televisions, Computer printer, printers, mobile phones, tablets.
Digital Object Identifier

A **Digital Object Identifier** (or **DOI**) is a permanent way to identify an online document.  This identification is not related to its current location.

A typical use of a DOI is to give a scientific paper or article a unique number that can be used by anyone find the location of the paper. It may also make it possible to find an electronic copy, for example, on the Internet. The DOI system has a **DOI resolution system** which is used to locate where the document is. When the document is moved, the DOI resolution system is updated with the new location of the document.

For example, **doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2008.03.001** links to "Web 2.0 authorship: Issues of Referencing and citation for academic integrity" by Kathleen Gray _et al._  The work was published in _The Internet and Higher Education,_ Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2008.

## Other websites

- Welcome to the DOI System
- Factsheet: DOI System and Internet Identifier Specifications
Encyclopaedia Metallum

**Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives** is a website which lists bands from various forms of heavy metal music.

## Other websites

- Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives
Software piracy

**Software piracy** (officially called copyright infringement of software) refers to the illegal copying of software.  It often uses the Internet.  Some countries have laws about this.  The problem is considered to be bigger in certain countries than in others.  Those who hold the copyright get less money because of copyright infringement.  As a result of this, some copyright holders publish “anti-piracy” campaigns to tell people about the effects of infringement.

Very often, the people making the laws have to make a trade-off between allowing people to copy and use the software, and the copyright holders charging for the content. At the same time, even not allowed distribution makes the content more popular. Because of these two reasons, infringement of copyright for proprietary software and content can be bad also for free software and content.

In 2010 to 2012, the entertainment industry advocated changes to United States law to make it easier to end piracy websites, called Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect IP Act.  Some websites including the English Wikipedia protested these proposals on January 18, 2012.  The next day, the United States Department of Justice seized the Megaupload website which is claimed to be one of the largest piracy websites.

## Why people use pirate software

Some reasons on why people pirate are:

- Digital rights management (DRM) may limit people from using the software in ways they want.
- The price of software may be high.
- Not available in their country; no legitimate stores sell it there.
- The experience or quality may be bad for a person, but the pirate's service can be better than a legitimate seller's.
- Anonymity: Software piracy doesn't require an email, or other information that may identify the user.
- A person may be opposed to copyright law in general.

## How to distinguish software piracy

Illegally distributed proprietary software often has the following features:
- Can't meet the proprietor's requirement for a legal copyright certificate.
- No after-sales service.
- Unusually low price (though legitimate prices also vary).
- Can't upgrade by the official method.
- Distribution by download from other than the maker's official Website.
- No DRM, letting people use the software offline or for other purposes.

## Related pages

- Copyright infringement
Flora (disambiguation)

**Flora** is plant life as distinct from animal life (fauna); or, a book or other work that describes the plant species in a particular area or region.

**Flora** may also refer to:
- Gut flora, the bacteria and other microorganisms in the intestines of a larger animal.
- Flora (grape), a cross between Sémillon and Gewürztraminer.
- Flora (margarine), the name used in the UK and Ireland for the Becel brand of margarine made by Unilever
- Flora (mythology), a goddess in Roman mythology
- Flora (Prague Metro), a station on Line A of the Prague Metro
- 8 Flora, an asteroid
- FC Flora Tallinn, a football team in Estonia
- Flora (Winx Club), a fictional character from the show _The Winx Club_
- _Flora_, a painting by Titian

**People named Flora:**
- Flora Brovina, a Yugoslavian pediatrician, feminist, poet, and human rights activist
- Flora Larsson (1904-2000), Commissioner in The Salvation Army, writer, mother of John Larsson,
- Flora MacDonald, a Canadian politician
- Flora MacDonald (Scottish Jacobite), a Jacobite who aided Bonnie Prince Charlie
- Flora Robson, a British actress
- Flora Sheldon, the grandmother of US President George H. W. Bush
- Flora Stevenson, a Scottish educational reformer
- Flora Tristan, a founder of modern feminism
- Flora Twort, an English painter
- Flora Purim, the singer on Chick Corea's early _Return to Forever_ albums
- Jim Flora, an American illustrator
- Paul Flora, an Austrian painter and cartoonist
- Snowden Flora, an American meteorologist and tornado researcher
- Flora the Valentinian - a 2nd-century Valentinian

**Places named Flora include:**
- Flora, Norway
- Flora, Apayao, The Philippines
- Flora, Illinois, USA
- Flora, Indiana, USA
- Flora Township, Minnesota, USA
- Flora, Mississippi, USA
Eric Cantona

**Eric Daniel Pierre Cantona** (born 24 May 1966 in Marseille) is a French football player turned actor. He was one of Manchester United's greatest players. Cantona has more than 140 appearances with Manchester United. He ended his professional footballing career with the team. Cantona had earlier played for Leeds United before moving to Manchester United in 1992. He has also played for France national team from 1987 to 1994. He retired from football in 1997 and became a film actor.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1983–84||rowspan="3"|Auxerre||rowspan="3"|Division 1||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1984–85||5||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||5||2
|-
|1985–86||7||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||8||0
|-
|1985–86||Martigues||Division 2||15||4||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||15||4
|-
|1986–87||rowspan="2"|Auxerre||rowspan="2"|Division 1||36||13||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||36||13
|-
|1987–88||32||8||5||1||colspan="2"|-||2||1||39||10
|-
|1988–89||Olympique Marseille||Division 1||22||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||5
|-
|1988–89||Girondins Bordeaux||Division 1||11||6||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||11||6
|-
|1989–90||Montpellier||Division 1||33||10||8||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||41||18
|-
|1990–91||Olympique Marseille||Division 1||18||8||5||1||colspan="2"|-||3||1||26||10
|-
|1991–92||Nîmes Olympique||Division 1||17||2||2||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||19||4

|-
|1991–92||rowspan="2"|Leeds United||First Division||15||3||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||3
|-
|1992–93||Premier League||13||6||0||0||1||0||5||1||19||7
|-
|1992–93||rowspan="5"|Manchester United||rowspan="5"|Premier League||22||9||1||0||0||0||0||0||23||9
|-
|1993–94||34||18||5||4||5||1||4||2||48||25
|-
|1994–95||21||12||1||1||0||0||2||0||24||13
|-
|1995–96||30||14||7||5||1||0||0||0||38||19
|-
|1996–97||36||11||3||0||0||0||10||3||49||14
198||58||20||12||colspan="2"|-||6||2||224||72
171||73||16||10||7||1||21||6||215||90
369||131||36||22||7||1||27||8||439||162
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|1987||3||1
|-
|1988||2||0
|-
|1989||4||3
|-
|1990||7||6
|-
|1991||4||2
|-
|1992||9||2
|-
|1993||7||5
|-
|1994||8||1
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
!Total||45||20
|}
Twin town

**Twin towns** are towns or cities in different countries which are paired to encourage human contact and cultural links.

In Europe, the pairs of towns are called **twin towns**, but other languages  say **friendship towns** or **partner towns**; in North America and Australasia, the towns are called **sister cities**.  **Brother cities** was the name of twinned cities in the old Soviet bloc.

Twin towns often (but not always) have similar populations, industries and other characteristics. Sometimes, even larger areas enter into "twinning" agreements, such as that between the provinces of Hainan in China and Jeju in South Korea.

## Europe

The earliest form of town twinning in Europe was between the German city of Paderborn and the French city of Le Mans in 836, although this was not officially established as a modern town twinning arrangement until 1967.

Coventry, United Kingdom was the first ever city to "twin" with another city (Stalingrad, Soviet Union) and hence began the modern practice of twinning.

After the Second World War twinning was a way to bring European people into a closer understanding of each other and to promote cross-border projects and peace.

For example, Coventry twinned with Dresden as an act of peace and reconciliation, both cities having been heavily bombed during the war. Each twin city country is represented in a specific ward of the city and in each ward has a peace garden dedicated to that twin city.

Another early example of town twinning dates back to 1947 when Bristol Corporation (later Bristol City Council) sent five 'leading citizens' on a goodwill mission to Hanover.

Twinning is more popular in Europe than anywhere else, but the idea has now spread to other continents.

Since 1989, the European Union has had a support scheme for town twinning.  In 2003 an annual budget of about 12 million euros was given to about 1,300 projects.

## North America

The first city in North America to establish a sister city relationship was Toledo, Ohio, United States, with Toledo, Spain in 1931. In 1944, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada  twinned with the Ukrainian city of Odesa, which at the time was part of the Soviet Union. This was to show support and to help the allied port city during World War II.

## Other websites

- Town-twinning information from the European Commission
- Sister Cities International (cities twinned with cities in the USA)
- Germany and the town twinning movement
- List of UK twin towns
- Toledo Sister Cities International
- Two Toledos Documentary
- Town twinning in Europe's municipalities, towns and regions
Buffyverse

The **Buffyverse** is a fictional universe created by writer/director Joss Whedon. It is the setting used for the movie _Buffy the Vampire Slayer_ (BtVS), the _BtVS_ television series and the _Angel_ television series.  Comic books and novels based on both the Buffy and Angel television series and the Fray comic book also take place in the Buffyverse. The term Buffyverse was created by the fans of the shows and later used by Whedon as the name for his world. The term has also been used in the titles of published works.

The Buffyverse is a world where Vampires and demons exist. Many different types of fictional creatures and monsters can be found in this world. These creatures include werewolves, ghosts, trolls, and witches. It is a world where magic is used often. Most of the people in the Buffyverse do not know that these creatures live in this world or that magic exists.

### The Slayer

The Slayer or _Chosen One_ is a young girl with super-human strength, agility and stamina. It is her destiny to fight evil. When one Slayer is killed, a new girl is _chosen_ to become the new Slayer. The new slayer has all of the power of the last Slayer as soon as she is chosen. The new Slayer also begins to have dreams that tell her of her future and Slayers from the past.

The first Slayer was created long before written history by a group of men who looked like Aborigine. She was created by combine her with a demon. As each Slayer is killed, the demon moves to the next slayer. It gives her the powers of the Slayer as well as the dreams of its past with the other slayers.

### Hellmouth

In the Buffyverse there are many different _dimensions_ or worlds. Some are full of evil. A place where the borders between the normal world and an evil dimension are weak is called a Hellmouth. Evil in the normal world will naturally move towards a hellmouth. The area closest to a hellmouth will be home to much evil and strange circumstances.

There are two well known hellmouths in the Buffyverse. The first is located in Sunnydale, California. This is the place where the stories in _Buffy_ take place. It is the largest and most powerful hellmouth in the Buffyverse. The second hellmouth is in Cleveland, Ohio. Not much is known about this hellmouth.

## Other websites

- Fan forum
- Buffyverse dialog database
Kitty Pryde

**Katherine Anne "Kitty" Pryde**, also known as **Shadowcat**, **Ariel**, **Star-Lord** (**Star-Lady**), **Captain Kate Pryde**, **Red Queen**, and **Shadowkat**, is a fictional character from Marvel Comics, first introduced in _Giant-Size X-Men_ #1 in 1975. Created by writer Len Wein and artist Dave Cockrum, she is a member of the X-Men and has the mutant ability to phase through solid objects, allowing her to become intangible.

## Overview

Kitty is known for her intelligence, bravery, and strong sense of justice. Over the years, she has played significant roles in various X-Men storylines, often serving as a key member of the team and sometimes even leading the group. She has also been associated with other characters in the Marvel Universe, including her romantic relationships with Colossus and other members of the X-Men.

## In other media

Kitty's character has been notable for her growth from a teenage superhero to a more mature and experienced member of the X-Men, and she has appeared in a variety of comic series, animated shows, and movies, including the _X-Men_ movie franchise.
Loudness

**Volume** can mean loudness, for example, in the volume control on computers and televisions which lets you tell the unit how loud you want its sound to be.  Loudness is measured in decibels (dB) and can be measured using a "decibel meter" or "sound level meter".
Atlas Mountains

The **Atlas Mountains** (Amazigh: **Idurar n Watlas**, ) are a mountain range in northwest Africa. They extend about 2,400 km (1,500 miles) through Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. The highest peak is Toubkal, with an elevation of <span style="white-space:nowrap">4,167 metres (13,671 ft)</span> in southwestern Morocco. The second highest mountain is the M'Goun of 4071 meters. The southwestern part is called "Anti-Atlas".

The Atlas ranges separate the Mediterranean and Atlantic coastlines from the Sahara Desert. Most of the people living in the Atlas Mountains are part of Berber tribes in Morocco and in Algeria.

The mountains are named after the ancient Greek Titan, Atlas.
1956 Winter Olympics

The **1956 Winter Olympics**, officially known as the **VII Olympic Winter Games**, were held in 1956 in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. This was the first time the Soviet Union played in the  Olympics. They immediately showed their strength by winning more medals than any other nation.

## Participating nations

A total of 32 nations sent athletes to Cortina d'Ampezzo. Bolivia, Iran, and the Soviet Union competed at the Winter Games for the first time. Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey returned after having missed the 1952 Winter Olympics. Argentina, Denmark, New Zealand, and Portugal did not compete at these Games, after participating in 1952.

Athletes from West Germany (FRG) and East Germany (GDR) competed together as the United Team of Germany at these Games, an arrangement that would continue for the next two Olympiads.

## Other websites

- IOC page on the 1956 Winter Olympics

## Infobox (olympic games)

- 1956
- Winter
- Olympics
- **host city**: Cortina d'Ampezzo, Veneto, Italy
- **nations**: 32
- **athletes**: 821 (687 men, 134 women)
- **events**: 24 in 4 Olympic sports, sports (8 disciplines)
- **opening**: 26 January
- **closing**: 5 February
- **opened by**: President of Italy, President Giovanni Gronchi
- **cauldron**: Guido Caroli
- **stadium**: Stadio Olimpico Del Ghiaccio
- **winter prev**: 1952 Winter Olympics, Oslo 1952
- **winter next**: 1960 Winter Olympics, Squaw Valley 1960
- **summer prev**: 1952 Summer Olympics, Helsinki 1952
- **summer next**: 1956 Summer Olympics, Melbourne 1956
Duster

A **Duster** can be:

- A dustrag or cloth used to remove dust from furniture or other objects
- A feather duster
- A smaller whisk broom or brush
- A light coat or housecoat; see Duster (clothing)
- An automobile, the Plymouth Duster
- A member of the Amarillo Dusters arena football team
- A member of the Hudson Dusters street gang
- A gas duster to use on electronics
- The M42 Duster self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon
- A lo-fi space-rock band; see Duster (band)
- A main character in the game Mother 3, see Duster (Mother 3)
- An agricultural aircraft is an aircraft that has been built or converted for agricultural use – usually aerial application of pesticides (crop dusting) or fertiliser (aerial topdressing); in this role they are referred to as "top dressers" or "crop dusters." Agricultural aircraft are also used for hydroseeding.
- A term given to a style of stories and movies about the western half of the United States (cowboys), sometimes also known as westerns
- In baseball, a brushback or possible beanball
Feather duster

A **feather duster** is a tool used for cleaning.  It consists typically of a handle and a segment made of natural or artificial feathers which form the cleaning-contact surface. It is mostly used for removing dust from surfaces.

Feather dusters use the principles of static electricity to take up small debris such as dander.
Electrostatics

**Electrostatics** (also known as _static electricity_) is the branch of physics that deals with apparently stationary electric charges.

Electrostatics involves the buildup of charge on the surface of objects due to contact with other surfaces.

Although charge exchange happens whenever any two surfaces contact and separate, the effects of charge exchange are usually only noticed when at least one of the surfaces has a high resistance to electrical flow.  This is because the charges that transfer to or from the highly resistive surface are more or less trapped there for a long enough time for their effects to be observed.

These charges then remain on the object until they either bleed off to the ground or are quickly neutralized by a discharge: e.g., the familiar phenomenon of a static 'shock' is caused by the neutralization of charge built up in the body from contact with non-conductive surfaces.

## Examples

- The attraction of plastic wrap to ones hand when one has removed it from a package.
- Spontaneous explosion of grain silos.
- Damage of electronic components during manufacturing or the operation of photocopiers.

## Related pages

- Electromagnetism
- Ionic bond
- Lightning
- Luigi Galvani

## Other websites and further reading

- General
- RMCybernetics: High Voltage Physics . Homemade projects & experiments.
- "Man's static jacket sparks alert". BBC News, 16 September 2005.

- "Can shocks from static electricity damage your health? ". Wolfson Electrostatics News pages.
- "Can Gravity be an Electrostatic Force? " A Quantum theory of Gravitation, 2005.
- invisible wall of static

- Essays and books
- William J. Beaty, "_Humans and sparks; The Cause, Stopping the Pain, and 'Electric People_". 1997.
- William Cecil Dampier, "_The theory of experimental electricity_". Cambridge [Eng.] University press, 1905 (Cambridge physical series). xi, 334 p. illus., diagrs. 23 cm. LCCN 05040419 //r33
Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic

The **coat of arms of the Dominican Republic**, as described by Article 96 of the Dominican Constitution, has a shield supported by an olive branch (left) and a palm leaf (right); above the shield, a blue ribbon displays the national motto: _Dios, Patria, Libertad_ (_God, Fatherland, Freedom_). Below the shield, there is a red ribbon with the words _República Dominicana_ (_Dominican Republic_).

In the center of the shield there is an opened Bible with a small cross above it, and on each side flanked by three spears, two of them holding Dominican flags. The Constitution does not specify in what page should be opened the Bible; only that is the "Book of Gospels, opened". In fact, only the 1916 Constitution said "opened in John, Chapter XIII" but that constitution was not valid because of the occupation of the country by United States.

The National Flag of Dominican Republic has a small coat of arms in the center of the white cross.

The first Dominican coat of arms was created by the first Dominican Constitution of 6 November 1844 but it was frequently changed until 1913; sometimes, two different coats of arms were used at the same time.

The official Dominican coat of arms, or _Great Seal of the Nation_, was established in 1913, when Adolfo Nouel was the President of the Dominican Republic.
Eustis, Florida

**Eustis** is a city in Lake County, Florida, United States. Its population as of 2020 is 23,189.

## Other websites

- City of Eustis

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Eustis, Florida
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: America's Hometown
- **image skyline**: Eustis Hist Dist govt04.jpg
- **image caption**: City hall
- **image map**: Lake_County_Florida_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Eustis_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location in Lake County, Florida, Lake County and the state of Florida
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Florida, County
- **subdivision name2**: Lake County, Florida, Lake
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 33.75
- **area land km2**: 28.75
- **area water km2**: 5.00
- **area total sq mi**: 13.03
- **area land sq mi**: 11.10
- **area water sq mi**: 1.93
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 23189
- **population density sq mi**: 2088.72
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation ft**: 79
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 32726, 32727, 32736
- **area code**: Area code 352, 352
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 12-21350
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2403580
- **website**: [http://www.eustis.org/ City of Eustis official website]
- **population density km2**: 806.50
Fort Walton Beach, Florida

**Fort Walton Beach** is a city in Okaloosa County, Florida, United States. As of 2020, the population was 20,922.

## Other websites

- City of Fort Walton Beach
- Local Boating Events and Information
- Outdoor Recreation Guide for Fort Walton Beach, Destin, and Pensacola
- Local Family Condo Rentals

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Fort Walton Beach, Florida
- **nicknames**: "Emerald Coast, The Emerald Coast", "The Camellia City", "The Sonic City"
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: "A City On The Move!"
- **image skyline**: Fort Walton Beach City Hall.JPG
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Fort Walton Beach City Hall, September 2014
- **image seal**: Seal of Fort Walton Beach, Florida.png
- **image map**: Okaloosa_County_Florida_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Fort_Walton_Beach_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location in Okaloosa County, Florida, Okaloosa County and the state of Florida
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Florida, County
- **subdivision name2**: Okaloosa County, Florida, Okaloosa
- **established title3**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated (city)
- **established date3**: 1941
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 20.00
- **area land km2**: 19.79
- **area water km2**: 0.20
- **area total sq mi**: 7.72
- **area land sq mi**: 7.64
- **area water sq mi**: 0.08
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 20922
- **population density km2**: 1056.99
- **population density sq mi**: 2737.41
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation m**: 2
- **elevation ft**: 7
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 32547-32549
- **area code**: Area code 850, 850
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 12-24475
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0282710
- **website**: http://www.fwb.org
Supercell

A **supercell** is a strong type of thunderstorm with a thick, rotating updraft (a mesocyclone). Supercell thunderstorms are the largest, most dangerous type of thunderstorms. There are really only two types of thunderstorms: supercell and ordinary, but some have four classifications: single-cell, multi-cell, squall line, and supercell.

## References

- Structure and Dynamics of Supercell Thunderstorms - NWS
- University of Illinois World Weather Project
- Weather Glossary for Storm Spotters - NWS
- Lemon, Leslie R. (1998): _On the Mesocyclone "Dry Intrusion" and Tornadogenesis_http://www.stormchasers.au.com/lemon7.htm
- Lemon, Leslie R., Charles A. Doswell III (1979): "Severe Thunderstorm Evolution and Mesocyclone Structure as Related to Tornadogenesis". _Monthly Weather Review_ Vol. 107, No. 9, pp. 1184–1197.http://www.stormchasers.au.com/107lemon1.htm
- Browning, K.A. and Ludlam, F.H. (1962): "Airflow In Convective Storms", _Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society_ 88, 117-135.http://www.rmets.org/pdf/qj62browning.pdf  (PDF)

## Other websites

- Electronic Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology
- Explanation of Supercells 
- Picture sequence of a supercell in Nebraska
- Sideshow of Supercell images
Kathleen Blanco

**Kathleen Babineaux Blanco** (December 15, 1942 – August 18, 2019) was an American politician.  She served as Governor of Louisiana from 2004 through 2008 until being replaced by Bobby Jindal. She was born in New Iberia, Louisiana. Blanco is a member of the Democratic Party.

In December 2017, Blanco was diagnosed with an incurable form of uveal melanoma and liver cancer. On April 19, 2019, it was announced that she was in hospice care. Blanco died on August 18, 2019 under hospice care in Lafayette, Louisiana at the age of 76.
Armenian hypothesis

The **Armenian hypothesis** suggests that the Proto-Indo-European languages was spoken in the Armenian Highland in the 3rd millennium BC. Scholars Tamaz Gamkrelidze and Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov place the homeland in Armenia.

## Related pages

- Armenian Highland
- Ancient Armenia

## References

- T. V. Gamkrelidze and V. V. Ivanov, _The Early History of Indo-European Languages_, Scientific American, March 1990
- I.M. Diakonoff, _The Prehistory of the Armenian People_ (1984).
- Robert Drews, _The Coming of the Greeks_ (1988), argues for late Greek arrival in the framework of the Armenian hypothesis.
- Martiros Kavoukjian, _Armenia, Subartu, and Sumer : the Indo-European homeland and ancient Mesopotamia_, trans. N. Ouzounian, Montreal (1987), .
Wilsonian Armenia

**Wilsonian Armenia** is used for the borders that were drawn by Woodrow Wilson at the Treaty of Sèvres. The area was to the north and to the west side of Trabzon Province to provide the DRA an area to the Black Sea. The Armenian national fight for "Western Armenia" being somewhat part of the newly established Turkish republic dropped from the table.

## Other websites

- Wilson for Armenia - Armenian Cause and International Law
- Wilsonian Armenia - Armeniapedia.org
Yasuo Fukuda

**Yasuo Fukuda** () (born 16 July 1936) was Prime Minister of Japan from 2007 to 2008. He was born in Gunma, Japan. The prime minister before him was Shinzo Abe. He hosted the G8 meeting in Hokkaido in July 2008, but resigned on September 1, 2008, due to low approval ratings and political deadlock. He was succeeded by Taro Aso. His father, Takeo Fukuda, was also prime minister from 1976 to 1978.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Yasuo Fukuda
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Yasuo Fukuda 200709.jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Japan
- **term start**: 26 September 2007
- **term end**: 24 September 2008
- **monarch**: Akihito
- **predecessor**: Shinzo Abe
- **successor**: Tarō Asō
- **office2**: Chief Cabinet Secretary
- **primeminister2**: Yoshirō Mori
Junichiro Koizumi
- **term start2**: October 2000
- **term end2**: 7 May 2004
- **predecessor2**: Hidenao Nakagawa
- **successor2**: Hiroyuki Hosoda
- **office3**: House of Representatives of Japan, Member of the House of Representatives
 for Gunma 4th district, Gunma 4th District
- **term start3**: 7 November 1996
- **term end3**: 16 November 2012
- **predecessor3**: New constituency
- **successor3**: Tatsuo Fukuda
- **office4**: House of Representatives of Japan, Member of the House of Representatives
 for Gunma 3rd district (1947-93), Gunma 3rd District
- **term start4**: 1990
- **term end4**: 1996
- **birth place**: Takasaki, Gunma, Takasaki, Empire of Japan
- **parents**: Takeo Fukuda
Mie Fukuda
- **spouse**: Kiyoko Fukuda (First Lady), Kiyoko Fukuda
- **children**: 1
- **majority3**: 118,517 (62.83%)
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic Party
- **alma mater**: Waseda University
Mercenary

**Mercenaries** are soldiers who fight for money, rather than for their country, political/religious beliefs, or other benefits.

Mercenaries have existed for a very long time. They are mentioned in the Old Testament, and King David had a bodyguard of Cretan and Philistine mercenaries. They are also mentioned in the Iliad, specifically the Myrmidons, who fought during the Trojan War in the 12th century BC.

The Carthaginians often used mercenaries. The so-called Free Companies in the Middle Ages were mercenary companies of rogue knights and Vikings. The Japanese ronin were mercenary samurai.

For many years in the Middle Ages, soldiers from Switzerland fought battles for whoever paid them. The popes would hire soldiers from Switzerland to fight for them. The Swiss Guard is all that is left of Switzerland's mercenary tradition, but it is no longer a mercenary force because all its members are Catholic, and they are prepared to fight not for their country but for their beliefs.

Soldiers of professional volunteer armies, like the U.S. Army, are not considered as mercenaries since they fight for their country and fatherland. Likewise, foreign volunteers in standing armies, such as the French Foreign Legion, are not considered as mercenaries since they are loyal to the country that they serve. However, various private military contractors are considered as mercenaries.

## Related pages

- Paramilitary
- Wagner Group
Kere

**Kere** ( or Kerey) is a lake in Kazakhstan, in Akmola Province. Its area is 63.8 square kilometres. It is about 10 km south of Lake Tengiz.

## Infobox (lake)

- **lake name**: Kere
- **basin countries**: Kazakhstan
- **area**: 63.8
Jean-Pierre Jeunet

**Jean-Pierre Jeunet** (born 3 September 1953 in Roanne, Loire, France) is a French movie director.

## Career

Jean-Pierre Jeunet bought his first camera at the age of 17 and made short movies while studying animation at Cinémation Studios. He made friends with Marc Caro. Caro was a designer and comic book artist. Caro worked on many of Jeunet's movies with him.

Together, Jeunet and Caro directed award-winning animations. Their first live-action movie was _The Bunker of the Last Gunshots_ (1981). It was a short movie about soldiers in a futuristic world. Jeunet also directed numerous television advertisements and music videos.

Jeunet and Caro's first full-length movie was _Delicatessen_ (1991). It was a black comedy set in a famine-plagued future. Next came _The City of Lost Children_ (1995). It was a dark fantasy movie with a story about a doctor who kidnaps children in order to steal their dreams.

Because _The City of Lost Children_ was well liked, Jeunet was asked to direct the fourth movie in the Alien series - _Alien: Resurrection_ (1997). Though not well received by critics, _Alien: Resurrection_ turned a profit at the box office.

Jeunet returned to France after making _Alien: Resurrection_. The fact that he had made a Hollywood movie gave him freedom on his next movie, _Amélie_. _Amélie_ is lighter and more romantic than his earlier movies. This story was a huge success worldwide. It was nominated for several Academy Awards. For this movie he also got an European Film Award for Best Director.

In 2004, Jeunet released _A Very Long Engagement_. It is based on the novel by Sebastien Japrisot. The movie is set after World War I. It is about a woman (played by Audrey Tautou) looking for her missing lover.

## Filmography

- _L'Évasion_ (1978)
- _Le Manege_ (1980)
- _Le Bunker de la derniere rafale_ (1981)
- _Pas de repos pour Billy Brakko_ (1984)
- _Foutaises_ (1989)
- _Delicatessen_ (1991)
- _The City of Lost Children_ (1995)
- _Alien: Resurrection_ (1997)
- _Amélie_ (2001)
- _A Very Long Engagement_ (2004)

## Other websites

- Jean-Pierre Jeunet Official Site

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Jean-Pierre Jeunet
- **image**: JP Jeunet.jpg
- **birth place**: Roanne, Loire, France
- **spouse**: Liza Sullivan
- **awards**: **BAFTA Awards**
* BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay, Best Original Screenplay
:2001 _Le Fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain_
**César Awards**
* César Award for Best Short Film - Animation, Best Short Film - Animation
:1981 _Le Manège_
*César Award for Best Short Film - Fiction, Best Short Film - Fiction
:1991 _Foutaises_
*César Award for Best Writing, Best Writing
:1992 _Delicatessen_
*César Award for Best Debut, Best Debut
:1992 _Delicatessen_
*César Award for Best Director, Best Director
:2002 _Le Fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain_
*César Award for Best Film, Best Film
:2002 _Le Fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain_
**Goya Awards**
* Goya Award for Best European Film, Best European Film
:2002 _Le Fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain_
Graham Yost

**Graham John Yost** (born September 5, 1959) is a Canadian movie and television screenwriter. His most famous works are the 1994 movie _Speed_, _Broken Arrow_, and _Hard Rain_. Yost did not write the dialog for _Speed_. The dialog was written by Joss Whedon.

He has also written for the television series _Herman's Head_, _Band of Brothers_, and _Boomtown_. More recently, he is the creator of the NBC drama _Raines_ starring Jeff Goldblum that premiered on March 15, 2007.

Yost won an Emmy award for his part in the mini-series _From the Earth to the Moon_ and for his involvement in _The Pacific_. Graham also won a Golden Globe for his work on HBO miniseries, _Band of Brothers_. Graham was one of the writers for the show.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Graham Yost
- **image**: Graham Yost 2011 (cropped).jpg
- **birthname**: Graham John Yost
- **birth place**: Etobicoke, Ontario
- **occupation**: Screenwriter, television producer, television director, actor.
- **yearsactive**: 1989–present
Longboat

A **longboat** was an open boat used on-board ships during the age of the sailing ships. Its original name was "shallop", but that was changed to "longboat" in the 18th century. A ship or vessel would carry several ships' boats for various uses. The most important would be a **longboat**, an open boat to be rowed by up to eight or ten oarsmen. The longboat had rowing benches designed for up to two men to an oar. A longboat was designed for use in rough water and could be rigged for sails.

One of its main uses was as a pulling boat. Another was to weigh anchor. When a ship was at anchor, longboats carried people and supplies between ship and shore.
Jarrow

**Jarrow** is a town in England. It has 27,000 people.

## History

Romans had set up a fort near Jarrow in the 1st century. Later in the 5th century, Anglo-Saxons occupied the location. It is not well known when Jarrow was first built. The name of "Jarrow" has been used from 750.  The monastery of St Paul is the sister monastery of Monkwearmouth in Sunderland.

## Today

Jarrow is part of the Metropolitan Borough of South Tyneside.
1952 Winter Olympics

The **1952 Winter Olympics**, officially known as the **VI Olympic Winter Games**, were held in 1952 in Oslo, Norway.

## Participating nations

A total of 30 nations sent athletes to compete at these Games, which was the highest number to that date. This was the first time New Zealand and Portugal participated in the Winter Olympic Games. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned, after having missed the 1948 Winter Olympics. Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey did not participate in 1952, after having competed in 1948.

## Other websites

- IOC page for the 1952 Winter Olympics

## Infobox (olympic games)

- 1952
- Winter
- Olympics
- **host city**: Oslo, Norway
- **nations**: 30
- **athletes**: 694 (585 men, 109 women)
- **events**: 22 in 4 Olympic sports, sports (8 disciplines)
- **opened by**: Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen, Princess Ragnhild
- **opening**: 14 February
- **closing**: 25 February
- **cauldron**: Eigil Nansen
- **stadium**: Bislett Stadium
- **winter prev**: 1948 Winter Olympics, St. Moritz 1948
- **winter next**: 1956 Winter Olympics, Cortina 1956
- **summer prev**: 1948 Summer Olympics, London 1948
- **summer next**: 1952 Summer Olympics, Helsinki 1952
1940 Summer Olympics

The **1940 Summer Olympics**, officially known as **Games of the XII Olympiad**, were not held.

The games were planned for Tokyo in Japan, but the Japanese organizers withdrew in 1938 because of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

In 1938, the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the games at Helsinki in Finland.

The games were cancelled because of World War II.

## Related pages

- Sports in Japan
- 1916 Summer Olympics
- 1940 Winter Olympics
- 1944 Summer Olympics
- 1944 Winter Olympics
1936 Winter Olympics

The **1936 Winter Olympics**, officially known as the **IV Olympic Winter Games**, were held in 1936 in the town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Bavaria, Germany. Germany also hosted the Summer Olympics the same year in Berlin.

## Participating nations

28 nations sent athletes to compete in Germany, to date the largest number at a Winter Games. Australia, Bulgaria, Greece, Liechtenstein, Spain, and Turkey all made their Winter Olympic debut in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, and Estonia, Latvia, the Netherlands, and Yugoslavia all returned to the Games after having missed the 1932 Winter Olympics.

## Other websites

- IOC page for the 1936 Winter Olympics

## Infobox (olympic games)

- 1936
- Winter
- Olympics
- **host city**: Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria, Nazi Germany, Germany
- **nations**: 28
- **athletes**: 646 (566 men, 80 women)
- **events**: 17 in 4 Olympic sports, sports (8 disciplines)
- **opening**: 6 February
- **closing**: 16 February
- **opened by**: Chancellor of Germany, Chancellor Adolf Hitler
- **stadium**: Große Olympiaschanze
- **winter prev**: 1932 Winter Olympics, Lake Placid 1932
- **winter next**: 1948 Winter Olympics, St. Moritz 1948 →

- **summer prev**: 1932 Summer Olympics, Los Angeles 1932
- **summer next**: 1936 Summer Olympics, Berlin 1936
Atlas (anatomy)

In anatomy, the **atlas** is the top _cervical vertebra_ (neck bones) of the spine. In anatomy, the _atlas_ is written (C1) for short.

It is named for the Atlas of mythology, because it supports the head in the same way as Atlas held the world on his shoulders.

The _atlas_ connects to a vertebra called the axis. Together they form the joint connecting the skull to the rest of the spine. The _atlas_ and _axis_ are different in shape from all the other vertebrae. They have more movement. They allow the head to nod and to rotate (turn).

## Infobox (bone)

- **name**: Atlas (anatomy)
- **latin**: Atlas, vertebra cervicalis I
- **image**: C1_lateral.png
- **caption**: Position of the atlas (shown in red)
Vertebra

**Vertebrae** (singular: ***vertebra***) are the individual irregular bones that make up the spinal column (_aka_ ischis) – a flexuous and flexible column.
There are normally thirty-three (33) vertebrae in humans, including the five that are fused to form the sacrum (the others are separated by intervertebral discs) and the four coccygeal bones which form the _tailbone_.
The upper three regions comprise the remaining 24, and are grouped under the names _cervical_ (7 vertebrae), _thoracic_ (12 vertebrae) and _lumbar_ (5 vertebrae), according to the regions they occupy.  Each vertebra has a hole through which the spinal cord passes.

## References

- Gray's Anatomy: The Vertebral column - The 1917 Gray's Anatomy is available via the Bartleby project. It is available with full colour diagrams, and provides an excellent starting point in anatomy, as well as a relatively complete source for gross anatomy. This article was copied and pasted from the 1917 Gray's Anatomy, which is in the public domain.
- Smart implant will help broken vertebra  - An article from IsraCast
1928 Winter Olympics

The **1928 Winter Olympics**, officially known as the **II Olympic Winter Games**, were held in 1928 in St. Moritz, Switzerland. The 1928 Games were the first true _Winter Olympics_ held on its own and not as a part of a _Summer Olympics_. The preceding 1924 Winter Olympics were later renamed as Winter Olympics. They were actually part of the 1924 Summer Olympics. All preceding Winter Events of the Olympic Games were the winter sports part of the schedule of the Summer Games, and not as a separate Winter Games.

## Participating nations

Athletes from 25 nations competed at these Games, up from 16 in 1924. This was the first time many countries attended the Winter Olympic Games, including Argentina, Estonia, Germany, Japan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Romania.

## Other websites

- IOC page for the 1928 Winter Olympics

## Infobox (olympic games)

- 1928
- Winter
- Olympics
- **host city**: St. Moritz, Grisons, Switzerland
- **nations**: 25
- **athletes**: 464 (438 men, 26 women)
- **events**: 14 in 4 Olympic sports, sports (8 disciplines)
- **opening**: 11 February
- **closing**: 19 February
- **opened by**: President of the Swiss Confederation, President Edmund Schulthess
- **stadium**: St. Moritz Olympic Ice Rink
- **winter prev**: 1924 Winter Olympics, Chamonix 1924
- **winter next**: 1932 Winter Olympics, Lake Placid 1932
- **summer prev**: 1924 Summer Olympics, Paris 1924
- **summer next**: 1928 Summer Olympics, Amsterdam 1928