juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Notre-Dame de la Garde

**Notre-Dame de la Garde** is a Catholic church in Marseille, France. It is built on a hill south of the Old Port (Vieux-Port) and is one of the most famous symbols of the city. The church is often called "la bonne mère" ("the good mother") by the people of Marseille.

### Early buildings

A small chapel was first built on the hill in 1214 by a local priest named Pierre. In the 15th century, it became a place of pilgrimage. In 1516, King Francis I visited and decided to build a stronger fort on the hill to protect the coast. A small chapel was included inside this fort.

### 19th-century church

The current basilica was built between 1853 and 1864 during the Second French Empire. It was designed by architect Henri-Jacques Espérandieu in a Neo-Byzantine style, which means it was inspired by Eastern Christian art and architecture. It replaced the old chapel.

### Outside

The church is built with green limestone and white marble. It has a large bell tower, 41 meters tall, with a big statue of the Virgin Mary holding baby Jesus on top. This golden statue is 11.2 meters high and weighs over 9,000 kg. The bell tower itself is 60 meters above the ground, and the church is built on a 149-meter-high hill, so it can be seen from far away.

### Inside

The inside of the church has colorful mosaics covering over 1,200 square meters. Many of the mosaics show prayers of thanks, ships, and symbols of faith. The walls also display many small gifts and memorials from people who were saved from danger. These are called ex-votos and include paintings, medals, and even model ships.

## Religious and cultural importance

Notre-Dame de la Garde is a very important religious site in Marseille. Sailors and fishermen have prayed here for protection for centuries. Many people still visit the basilica to ask for help or give thanks.

Every year on August 15, many people go there to celebrate the Feast of the Assumption of Mary.

## Tourism

The basilica is one of the most visited places in Marseille. Visitors come to see the church and enjoy the great views of the city and the sea from the hilltop. You can reach it by walking, by road, or by a special tourist train.

## Protection

Notre-Dame de la Garde is protected as a _Monument Historique_ (Historic Monument) by the French government since 1917.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Notre-Dame de la Garde – Marseille Tourism
- Bells of Notre-Dame de la Garde
Content marketing

**Content marketing** is creating and sharing useful information to attract and keep customers. It is a type of marketing that helps businesses by giving people helpful content instead of just trying to sell things directly. Companies use this type of marketing to build trust and show they are experts in their field.

## Differences from traditional marketing

Content Marketing is different from traditional advertising. Traditional advertising tries to sell products directly through ads, commercials, and sales messages. Content marketing focuses on helping people by giving them useful information, entertainment, or education. Instead of saying "buy our product," content marketing says "here is some helpful tips to solve your pain point or achieve your goal."

## Types of content marketing

- Blog posts and articles
- Videos and tutorials
- Podcasts
- Social media posts
- Email newsletters
- E-books and guides
- Webinars
- Case studies
- Online communities

## How it works

Content marketing works by attracting people who are interested in a topic related to a business. For example, a cooking company might write blog posts about healthy recipes. People who read these posts might later buy the company's cooking products. The company builds trust by being helpful first, then customers are more likely to buy from them.

## Benefits

Content marketing helps businesses in many ways:

- Builds trust with customers
- Shows the company knows about their industry
- Brings more visitors to websites
- Costs less than traditional advertising
- Helps with search engine rankings
- Creates long-term relationships with customers
Batrachyla

***Batrachyla*** is a group of frogs in the bigger group Batrachylidae. People call them **South American wood frogs** in English. These frogs live in southern South America: Argentina and Chile.

## Species

There are five species in the genus:
- _Batrachyla antartandica_ <small>Barrio, 1967</small>
- _Batrachyla fitzroya_ <small>Basso, 1994</small>
- _Batrachyla leptopus_ <small>Bell, 1843</small>
- _Batrachyla nibaldoi_ <small>Formas, 1997</small>
- _Batrachyla taeniata_ <small>(Girard, 1855)</small>
Batrachyla leptopus

The **gray wood frog** (_Batrachyla leptopus_) is a frog.  It lives in Argentina and Chile.

## Home

This frog lives in forests, for example forests with Nothofagus plants, swamps, other wetlands, and near ponds and lakes. Scientists saw this frog between 50 and 1100 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen the frog in many protected parks.

## Young

The female frog lays eggs under logs or on moss. Then rain falls and fills the place with the eggs with water. The tadpoles swim in this water. Scientists have seen adult frogs take care of the young.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. People do change the places where the frog lives to make tree farms and places for cows to eat grass.
Capitulation

**Capitulation** can be
- Capitulation (surrender), a (way or) manner of surrendering
- Capitulation (treaty), a kind of treaty
    - Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire, or the surrender of the Ottoman Empire
- Capitulation (algebra), part of Algebra
- Conclave capitulation
- Electoral capitulation
- Stock market capitulation, part of Investment, and Capitalism
Orphic Hymns

The **Orphic Hymns** are a group of 87 poems from Ancient Greece. They are written in the form of prayers or songs to the gods. The hymns are linked to Orpheus, a famous figure in Greek mythology known for his music and poetry. People believed Orpheus could charm gods and nature with his songs. The hymns were probably written around the 2nd or 3rd century CE, during the Roman Empire.

## Background

The Orphic Hymns were likely used in a religious cult connected to Orpheus. This religion is often called Orphism. Followers believed in the soul’s journey after death, rebirth, and special ways to become closer to the divine.

Even though the hymns are linked to Orpheus, they were probably written by unknown poets or religious leaders in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), most likely near Pergamon. The language used in the hymns is a special kind of Greek poetry and follows a rhythm called dactylic hexameter, the same used in Homer’s poems.

## Contents

The hymns are dedicated to many different gods and spirits from Greek mythology. These include:
- Major gods like Zeus, Apollo, Artemis, Demeter, and Hades.
- Cosmic beings like Chaos, Night, and Ether.
- Personified ideas like Justice, Peace, and Sleep.
- Spirits connected to nature, like Nymphs and Winds.
- Special figures like the Titans, the Muses, and the Fates.

Each hymn is a prayer or praise, asking the god or spirit to bring blessings, wisdom, protection, or power.

## Use and meaning

The Orphic Hymns were probably used in rituals, such as sacrifices or ceremonies. Each hymn might have been sung or recited while making an offering. Scholars believe the hymns were written for actual use in a religious group, not just for reading.

The hymns show a mix of older Greek religion and mystical philosophy. They include ideas about the soul, the afterlife, and a deeper understanding of the universe. Some parts may also reflect beliefs from other cultures or religions that were common in the Roman Empire.

## Rediscovery

The Orphic Hymns were not well-known during the Middle Ages. They were printed for the first time in 1423 in Florence, Italy. The first full edition was published in 1792 by Gottfried Hermann, a German scholar.

Since then, the hymns have been studied by many historians, poets, and philosophers. They are important for understanding ancient religion, mythology, and the mystery traditions of the ancient world.

## Other websites

- English translation by Apostolos Athanassakis and Benjamin Wolkow (2013) at the Internet Archive
- English translation by Daniel Malamis (2024) at Google Books
- Greek text from the edition by Gottfried Hermann (1805) at the Internet Archive
Child leash

A **child leash** is a leash sometimes worn by children (especially toddlers) usually held by the parent or caregiver, often to prevent the wearer from running away or getting lost. Child leashes are usually related to and used by toddlers and preschool-aged children, although older children (such as adolescents) may wear them especially if they have psychological (or behavioral) disorders and special needs such as autism and ADHD. Many types of child leashes exist, although most are worn by children under the age of 18, and are usually held by the parent or caregiver. Child leashes are designed to prevent the wearer from running/getting lost or be separated in some way from the parent or caregiver.
Museum of the Great War

The **Museum of the Great War** (in French called _Historial de la Grande Guerre_) is a museum in France. It is near the World War I battlefields of the Somme, inside the Château de Péronne, a castle in the town of Péronne, France.

## Overview

During World War I, Péronne was controlled by the German Empire. The people there had many problems because the town was almost completely destroyed. The museum mainly talks about World War I and the years just before and after it. It tries to show how the war affected all people, not just soldiers but also civilians. It explains how everyone suffered during the war.

This museum is the biggest one about World War I in Europe and first museum of the First World War in France. It shows what life was like for soldiers at the front and for civilians at home. It also talks about the big changes caused by the war.

The museum also shows the battles of the Somme from the point of view of all the countries that fought there. To do this, it has an international research center with many historians and experts.

## Exhibitions

The museum has two main permanent exhibitions:

### Prisoners of War

The exhibition shows what life was like for prisoners. The food was not enough and often bad. Many people got sick. Prisoners had to work very hard. The museum says about 500,000 French, 160,000 British, and 85,000 German soldiers were prisoners during the war.

### Children in World War I

This exhibition shows the role of children in World War I. Children were shown in posters to help recruit soldiers. Propaganda also targeted children. School books taught about being loyal and ready to help as future soldiers or nurses. Toys and stories often had military themes.

## Sources

- Historial de la Grande Guerre (Museum) & Fontaine, Caroline (2008). _The collections of the Historial of the Great War_. Somology Art Publishers; Peronne, France: Historial of the Great War, Paris.
- Fathi, Romain (2013). _Représentations muséales du corps combattant de 14-18: l'Australian War Memorial de Canberra au prisme de l'Historical de la Grande Guerre de Péronne_. Harmattan, Paris
MacOS Tahoe

**macOS Tahoe** (version 26) is a twenty-second major version of macOS developed by Apple inc. It was announced on June 9, 2025 at Apple Worldwide Developers Conference and released on September 15, 2025.

## Features

macOS Tahoe has a new design called "Liquid Glass" which included in app icons and desktop. It has ChatGPT and other AI models for Xcode. It has a phone app and live activities. Spotlight lets users take hundreds of actions. Users able to create and vote poll in iMessage.

## Development and supported devices

The first developer beta of macOS Tahoe has been released on June 9, 2025 and the second developer beta of macOS has been released on June 23, 2025. macOS Tahoe is the last update for Intel Macs.

## Infobox (os version)

- **name**: macOS Tahoe
- **title**: macOS Tahoe
- **logo**:
- **version of**: macOS
- **developer**: Apple Inc.
- **source model**: Proprietary software, Closed, with open-source software, open source components
- **update model**: Software Update
- **supported platforms**: ARM64 (Apple Silicon)

x86-64 (Intel)
- **kernel type**: Hybrid (XNU)
- **ui**: Liquid Glass
- **license**: Proprietary software with open-source components and content licensed with APSL
- **preceded by**: macOS Sequoia
- **tagline**: Fresh faced. Timelessly Mac.
- **support status**: Supported
ICC Women's Cricket World Cup

The **ICC Women's Cricket World Cup** is an international cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It was first played in 1973, and takes place every four years. Matches are played under One Day International (ODI) rules, each team having a single innings limited to 50 overs. The same format is used in the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup.

The ICC has granted ODI status to sixteen women's teams. Ten of these have permanent status: Australia Women, Bangladesh Women, England Women, India Women, New Zealand Women, Pakistan Women, South Africa Women, Sri Lanka Women, West Indies Women, and Zimbabwe Women. The other six have temporary status until 2029: Ireland Women, Netherlands Women, Papua New Guinea Women, Scotland Women, and Thailand Women are all in the October 2025 rankings; the sixth team, United Arab Emirates Women is unranked.

The latest edition of the Women's World Cup is taking place from 30 September to 7 November 2025, at five venues across India and Sri Lanka. Eight teams are taking part:
- Australia Women
- Bangladesh Women
- England Women
- India Women
- New Zealand Women
- Pakistan Women
- South Africa Women
- Sri Lanka Women

Australia Women are the titleholders, having won the 2022 edition in New Zealand. That was Australia Women's seventh title, and they are the most successful team in the tournament's history.
Continental System

The **Continental System** (also called the **Continental Blockade**) was a trade policy used by Napoleon Bonaparte, the leader of France, during the Napoleonic Wars. It started in 1806 and ended around 1814.

## Purpose

Napoleon wanted to weaken Great Britain. He believed that if British goods could not be sold in Europe, the British economy would suffer, and they would stop fighting France. The Continental System tried to block all trade between Britain and countries in Europe that Napoleon controlled.

## How it worked

In November 1806, Napoleon made a law called the Berlin Decree. It said that all countries controlled by France could not trade with Britain. Later, in 1807, he made another law called the Milan Decree, which made the rules even stricter. Ships that had stopped in Britain could not enter European ports.

## Problems

The Continental System caused problems for many countries. European people could not get some goods they needed, like sugar, coffee, and some cloth. Prices went up. Many people were unhappy. Some countries and merchants did not follow the rules and traded with Britain in secret (this is called smuggling).

Some countries, like Portugal and Russia, did not like the system and refused to follow it. This led to more wars. For example, Napoleon invaded Portugal and later Russia, which became very costly for him.

## Effect

The Continental System hurt both Britain and Europe, but Britain was able to trade with other parts of the world, like the Americas and Asia. Britain’s economy survived. In the end, the system did not work. It also made many people in Europe angry at Napoleon, and this helped lead to his downfall.

## End

The Continental System ended around 1814, when Napoleon lost power. After that, countries in Europe started trading freely again.

## Other websites

- "Documents upon the Continental System", from napoleon-series.org
- Napoleon Continental System
Gold Land

***Gold Land*** () is an upcoming South Korean mystery thriller television series written by Hwang Jo-yoon, directed by Kim Sung-hoon. Produced under Studio Dragon, it stars Park Bo-young and Kim Sung-cheol. The series is scheduled for release on Disney+ in 2026.

## Cast

- Park Bo-young as Kim Heeju
- Kim Sung-cheol as Jang Wook

### Development

The series was officially commissioned by Disney+, with _Kim Sung-hoon_ serving as director, who helmed _Confidential Assignment_ (2017) and the script is penned by _Hwang Jo-yoon_, who wrote _Oldboy_ (2003), while _Studio Dragon_ managed the production.

### Casting

In November 2024, it was reported that Park Bo-young was offered the lead role of the series. In February 2025, it was reported that Kim Sung-cheol joined the series.

### Filming

Principal photography of the series commenced in August 2025. Later on, Park Bo-young joined the shoot. Filming wrapped in January 2026.

## Other websites

- _Gold Land_ at HanCinema

## Infobox (television)

- **writer**: Hwang Jo-yoon
- **director**: :en:Kim Sung-hoon (director), Kim Sung-hoon
- **country**: South Korea
- **language**: Korean
- **company**: :en:Studio Dragon, Studio Dragon
- **network**: Disney+
Drew Struzan

**Drew Struzan** (; March 18, 1947 – October 13, 2025) was an American retired artist, illustrator and cover designer. He was known for illustrating more than 150 movie posters. Some movie posters he worked on were for _The Shawshank Redemption_, _Blade Runner_, _E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial_, _Indiana Jones_, _Back to the Future_, _Harry Potter_, and _Star Wars_ movie series. He won a Saturn Award in 2002.

In March 2025, it was revealed that Struzan had been living with Alzheimer's disease and had to retire. He died on October 13, 2025 in Pasadena, California at the age of 78.

## Other websites

- "The Last Movie-Poster Artist". _Time_.
- "Face To Face With The Masters: Drew Struzan". The Force.net.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Drew Struzan
- **image**: Drew Struzan (2012).jpg
- **caption**: Struzan at the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con
- **birth place**: Oregon City, Oregon, U.S.
- **death place**: Pasadena, California, U.S.
- **field**: Poster art, illustration
- **training**: ArtCenter College of Design (Bachelor of Fine Arts, BFA)
- **spouse**: Dylan Struzan
- **children**: 1
- **awards**: Saturn Award, 2002
Inkpot Award, 2010
Saul Bass Award, 2014
Comic Art Professional Society, Sergio Award, 2016
Society of Illustrators Hall of Fame, 2020
- **signature**: Drew signature.png
Myrtle Creek, Oregon

**Myrtle Creek** is a city in Douglas County, Oregon, United States. The population was 3,481 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Myrtle Creek, Oregon
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: Gateway to the 100 Valleys of the Umpqua
- **image map**: Douglas_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Myrtle_Creek_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Oregon
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oregon
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Oregon, County
- **subdivision name2**: Douglas County, Oregon, Douglas
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: 1893
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 6.47
- **area land km2**: 6.47
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 2.50
- **area land sq mi**: 2.50
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 3481
- **population density km2**: 538.25
- **population density sq mi**: 1394.07
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation ft**: 610
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 97457
- **area code**: Area code 541, 541
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 41-50950
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411204
Lima, New York

**Lima** is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 4,154 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Lima, New York
- **settlement type**: Administrative divisions of New York#Town, Town
- **pushpin map**: USA New York inset
- **pushpin label**: Lima
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of New York
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name2**: Livingston County, New York, Livingston
- **government type**: Town Council
- **leader title**: Town Supervisor
- **leader name**: Mike Falk (United States Conservative Party, C)
- **leader title1**: Town Council
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 31.94
- **area land sq mi**: 31.89
- **area water sq mi**: 0.05
- **area total km2**: 82.73
- **area land km2**: 82.60
- **area water km2**: 0.14
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 4154
- **population density sq mi**: 130.3
- **population density km2**: 50.3
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-051-42333
Jack Taylor (actor)

**Jack Taylor** (born **George Brown Randall**; October 21, 1936) is an American actor. He is best known for appearing in many European low-budget exploitation movies of the 1970s. He was born in Oregon City, a suburb of Portland, Oregon.

His movie roles include _Cleopatra_ (1963), _Custer of the West_ (1966), _Succubus_ (1968), _Count Dracula_ (1970), _Eugenie… The Story of Her Journey into Perversion_ (also 1970), _Female Vampire_ (1973), _Pieces_ (1982), _1492: Conquest of Paradise_ (1992), _The Ninth Gate_ (1999), _A2Z_ (2006) and _Goya's Ghosts_ (2006).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jack Taylor
- **image**: File:Jack Taylor in Succubus (1968).jpg
- **caption**: Taylor in _Succubus (movie), Succubus_ (1968)
- **birth name**: George Brown Randall
- **birth place**: Oregon City, Oregon, Oregon City, Oregon, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1960–2015, 2023
Gina Ortiz Jones

**Gina Maria Ortiz Jones** (born February 1, 1981) is an American Democratic politician who has been the mayor of San Antonio, Texas since 2025. She is also an Air Force veteran. She was the Under Secretary of the Air Force from July 2021 to March 2023 during the Joe Biden administration. She has been called a political progressive.

## U.S. Congressional campaigns

Jones was the 2018 Democratic nominee for Texas's 23rd congressional district, however she lost to the incumbent Republican Will Hurd. She ran again for the seat in 2020, winning the Democratic primary, and lost to Navy veteran Tony Gonzales in the general election.

## Under Secretary of the Air Force

Jones was confirmed as President Joe Biden's Under Secretary of the Air Force by the Senate on July 22, 2021. She was the sixth woman to hold that title, the first woman of color and the first open lesbian. She helped increase services for victims of domestic abuse and created a study to provide senior leadership with better data on the performance of female officers.

She resigned as under secretary in February 2023, and left office in March 6.

## Mayor of San Antonio

Jones ran for mayor of San Antonio in the 2025 election. In the May 3 general election, Jones advanced to the June 7 runoff, alongside Rolando Pablos. She won the runoff, beating Pablos by nine points.

Jones took office on June 18, 2025, becoming the first Asian-American female mayor of a major city in Texas, the first openly gay mayor of San Antonio, and the first female mayor in Texas to have served in war.

## Personal life

Jones was bon February 1, 1981, in Arlington, Virginia. Jones grew up in San Antonio, Texas to Filipino immigrant parents. Jones has a younger sister, Christi Ann.

Jones is openly a lesbian. She is in a domestic partnership with Angelica Cortez.

## Other websites

- Gina Ortiz Jones for Mayor campaign website
- Find Out PAC

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gina Ortiz Jones
- **image**: UnderSecAF Gina Ortiz Jones portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2021
- **office**: 184th San Antonio, Mayor of San Antonio
- **term start**: June 18, 2025
- **predecessor**: Ron Nirenberg
- **office1**: 27th United States Under Secretary of the Air Force
- **president1**: Joe Biden
- **term start1**: July 26, 2021
- **term end1**: March 6, 2023
- **predecessor1**: Matthew Donovan
- **successor1**: Melissa Dalton
- **birth name**: Gina Maria Ortiz Jones
- **birth place**: Arlington, Virginia, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **partner**: Angelica Cortez (2025–present)
- **education**: Boston University (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Master of Arts, MA)
University of Kansas (Master of Arts, MA)
U.S. Army School of Advanced Military Studies (SAMS) (Masters of Military Art and Science, MMAS)
- **branch**: United States Air Force
- **serviceyears**: 2003–2006 (active)
2008–2010 (reserve)
- **rank**:  Captain (United States), Captain
- **unit**: 18th Air Support Operations Group
- **battles**: Iraq War
Texas's 23rd congressional district

**Texas's 23rd congressional district** stretches across the southwestern portion of Texas. It is a majority Hispanic district and has been represented by Republican Tony Gonzales since 2021.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: Texas
- **district number**: 23
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
- **representative**: Tony Gonzales
- **party**: Republican
- **residence**: San Antonio
- **percent urban**: 78.09
- **percent rural**: 21.91
- **population**: 786,734
- **population year**: 2023
- **median income**: $74,285
- **percent white**: 28.4
- **percent black**: 3.3
- **percent asian**: 2.4
- **percent more than one race**: 2.1
- **percent hispanic**: 62.9
- **percent other race**: 0.8
- **cpvi**: R+7
Tony Gonzales

**Ernest Anthony Gonzales II** (born October 10, 1980) is an American politician and United States Navy veteran. He has been a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Texas's 23rd congressional district since 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Campaign website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Tony Gonzales
- **image**: Tony-Gonzales-Congress.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2020
- **state**: Texas
- **term start**: January 3, 2021
- **predecessor**: Will Hurd
- **birth name**: Ernest Anthony Gonzales
- **birth place**: San Antonio, Texas, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Angel Gonzales
- **children**: 6
- **allegiance**: United States
- **branch**: United States Navy
- **serviceyears**: 1999–2019
- **rank**: Master Chief Petty Officer
- **unit**: Cryptologic Technician
- **website**:
United States Under Secretary of the Air Force

The **under secretary of the air force** (**USECAF**, or **SAF/US**), sometimes known as the **under secretary of the Department of the Air Force**, is the second-highest ranking civilian official in the Department of the Air Force of the United States. They work under the secretary of the air force. The under secretary of the air force is appointed by the president and is confirmed by the Senate.

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: United States Under Secretary of
the Air Force
- **flag**: Flag of the Under Secretary of the Air Force.svg
- **flagsize**: 180px
- **flagcaption**: Flag of the under secretary of the air force
- **insignia**: File:Seal of the United States Department of the Air Force.svg
- **insigniacaption**: Seal of the Department of the Air Force
- **department**: United States Department of the Air Force, Department of the Air Force
- **image**: Edwin H. Oshiba (2).jpg
- **incumbent**: Edwin Oshiba
- **acting**: y
- **incumbentsince**: February 24, 2025
- **reports to**: United States Secretary of the Air Force, Secretary of the Air Force
- **style**: Madam Under Secretary
The Honorable
- **seat**: The Pentagon, Arlington County, Virginia, Arlington County, Virginia, United States
- **nominator**: The President of the United States, president
with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, Senate
- **termlength**: No fixed term
- **inaugural**: Arthur S. Barrows
- **formation**: September 18, 1947
- **deputy**: Deputy Under Secretary of the Air Force (Management) and Deputy Chief Management Office
- **succession**: United States Secretary of Defense#Succession, 17th in SecDef succession by seniority of appointment
- **salary**: Executive Schedule, Executive Schedule, level III
Bujar Bukoshi

**Bujar Bukoshi** (13 May 1947 – 10 June 2025) was a Kosovar politican who served as the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova from 1991 to 2000.

Bukoshi was born in Suva Reka, SAP Kosovo, FPR Yugoslavia.

Bukoshi died on 10 June 2025 in Kosovo from cancer at the age of 78.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bujar Bukoshi
- **image**: Bujar Bukoshi.jpg
- **caption**: Bukoshi in 1994
- **birth place**: Suharekë, Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo, AR Kosovo and Metohija, FPR Yugoslavia (now Kosovo)
- **death place**: Germany
- **nationality**: Albanian
- **education**: University of Belgrade (M.D.)
- **order**: 2nd
- **office**: Prime Minister of Kosovo
- **term start**: 5 October 1991
- **term end**: 1 February 2000
- **predecessor**: Jusuf Zejnullahu
- **successor**: Hashim Thaçi
- **party**: Democratic League of Kosovo
- **spouse**: Zana
- **children**: Three
- **signature**: Bujar Bukoshi (nënshkrim).svg
Mark Read

**Mark** **Read** (born November 7, 1978) is a British singer. He was a member of the boyband A1 from 1999 to 2002 and from 2009 to present. He comes from a musical family.
Mara Corday

**Marilyn Joan Long** ( **Watts**; January 3, 1930 – February 9, 2025), known professionally as **Mara Corday**, was an American actress and model. She was a _Playboy_ Playmate.

Corday became a cult figure in the 1950s during the Golden Age of Hollywood for appearing in many horror movies. She was known for her roles in _Tarantula_, _The Giant Claw_, _The Man from Bitter Ridge_, _Sudden Impact_, _The Black Scorpion_, _The Gauntlet_, _Man Without a Star_ and the _Raw Edge_.

Marilyn Joan Watts was born in Santa Monica, California on January 3, 1930.

Corday was married to actor Richard Long from 1957 until his death in 1974. They had three children.

Corday died from atherosclerosis at her home in Valencia, California, on February 9, 2025, at the age of 95.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mara Corday
- **image**: Mara Corday - Publicity still (1955).png
- **caption**: Publicity still for _Man Without a Star_ (1955)
- **birth name**: Marilyn Joan Watts
- **birth place**: Santa Monica, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Valencia, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1948–1990
- **children**: 3
- **height**: 5 ft 5 in
- **website**: http://www.Maracorday.com
Valencia, California

**Valencia** is an unincorporated community in northwestern Los Angeles County, California, United States.

The area is a traditional land of Native Americans. The Tataviam people migrated there in A.D. 450 when the Chumash people were living there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Valencia, California
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area#United States, Unincorporated community
- **image skyline**: Old Road & Henry Mayo Valencia.JPG
- **image alt**: Tree covered hills of Valencia with Magic Mountain theme park in background
- **image caption**: Valencia with Six Flags Magic Mountain, Magic Mountain theme park in background
- **named for**: The Valencia orange
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name1**: California
- **subdivision name2**: Los Angeles County, California, Los Angeles
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 91355, 91381
- **area code**: Area code 661, 661
Richard Long (actor)

**Richard McCord Long** (December 17, 1927 – December 21, 1974), also known as **Dick Long**, was an American actor. He was best known for his leading roles in three ABC television series, _The Big Valley_, _Nanny and the Professor_, and _Bourbon Street Beat_. He also appeared on ABC's _77 Sunset Strip_ during the 1961–1962 season.

## Infobox (military person)

- **embed**: yes
- **branch**:  United States Army, U.S. Army
- **rank**:   Private first class#United States Army, Private first class
- **serviceyears**: 1950–1952
- **battles**: Korean War


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Richard Long
- **image**: Nanny and the Professor Richard Long 1970.jpg
- **caption**: Long in 1970
- **birthname**: Richard McCord Long
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Heart attack
- **occupation**: Actor
- **children**: 3
- **yearsactive**: 1946–1974
Noémie Merlant

**Noémie Merlant** (; born 27 November 1988) is a French actress, screenwriter, producer and director. She was nominated for three César Awards for her roles in _Heaven Will Wait_ (2016), _Portrait of a Lady on Fire_ (2019) and for _The Innocent_ (2022), winning the award for this role.

In 2024, Merlant played Emmanuelle in a reboot of the movie series directed by Audrey Diwan.

Merlant was born on 27 November 1988 in Paris. Both of her parents are real estate agents. She was raised in Rezé near Nantes.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Noémie Merlant
- **image**: Noémie Merlant (2024).png
- **caption**: Merlant in 2024
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **occupation**: Actress, filmmaker
- **years active**: 2008–present
- **signature**: Noémie Merlant signature.svg
Myrna Hansen

**Myrna Hansen** (born August 5, 1934) is an American actress, model, and beauty pageant winner. She won Miss USA in 1953.

After winning miss USA, Hansen appeared in _The Purple Mask_ (1955) and _Cult of the Cobra_ (1955). She played a showgirl in _Party Girl_ (1958). Her final parts in movies were roles in _Goodbye Charlie_ (1964) and _Black Caesar_ (1973).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Myrna Hansen
- **image**: Myrna Hansen 1955 (cropped) 01.jpg
- **caption**: Hansen in 1955
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **education**: Carl Schurz High School
- **title**: Miss USA 1953
- **years active**: 1953–1973
- **spouse**: ? (?–1960)
Lee Duke Hyatt (1961–1965)
Allen H. Kane (1985–1998)
- **children**: 2
Walk of the Stars

The **Walk of the Stars** was a section of the Bandstand Promenade in Bandra, Mumbai honouring Bollywood film stars. The path features about six statues of famous Bollywood actors as well as about 100 brass plates embossed with the handprints and signatures of other stars. The walk is inspired by the Hollywood Walk of Fame.  It was inaugurated by actress Kareena Kapoor on 28 March 2012. A brass statue on the Walk of Stars cost .

## Stars honoured

|Name|Autograph|Handprint|Statue|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Anupam Kher||||
|Ashok Kumar||||
|Ajay Devgan||||
|Asha Parekh||||
|Dev Anand||||
|Guru Dutt||||
|Kareena Kapoor||||
|Karisma Kapoor||||
|Kishore Kumar||||
|Meena Kumari||||
|Nargis Dutt||||
|Neetu Singh||||
|Prithviraj Kapoor||||
|Rajesh Khanna||||
|Raj Kapoor||||
|Randhir Kapoor||||
|Rishi Kapoor||||
|Shabana Azmi||||
|Shammi Kapoor||||
|Sharmila Tagore||||
|Shashi Kapoor||||
|Sonakshi Sinha||||
|Jeetendra||||
|Mahesh Bhatt||||
|Sridevi||||
|Sunil Dutt||||
|Vidya Balan||||
|Yash Chopra||||

## See also

- Bollywood
- Bandstand Promenade
- Hollywood Walk of Fame

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: Walk of the Stars
- **image**: Kareena Walk-of-the-Stars.jpg
- **caption**: Kareena Kapoor's hand print at the Walk of the Stars.
- **map type**: Mumbai
- **location**: Bandstand Promenade, Bandra, Mumbai
- **type**: Entertainment hall of fame
- **founder**: UTV Software Communications, UTV
- **owner**: UTV
Potassium cyanide

**Potassium cyanide** is a compound with the formula **KCN**. It is a colorless salt that looks like sugar and is very soluble in water. Most KCN is used in gold mining, organic synthesis, and electroplating. They could also be used in jewellery for chemical gilding and buffing. Potassium cyanide is highly toxic, and a dose of 200 to 300 milligrams will kill nearly any human.
Blue Murder (Canadian TV series)

***Blue Murder*** is a Canadian crime drama series made by the Lionsgate Canada for Global. It starred Mimi Kuzyk, Joel S. Keller, Jeremy Ratchford, and Maria del Mar. The show ran from January 10, 2001 until July 9, 2004.

The show is about a team of detectives in the Blue Murder Unit as they try to investigate and solve violent crimes in the city of Toronto.

The series won many Gemini Awards. In 2001, it won Best Guest Actor and Actress in a Drama Series for Nicholas Campbell and Kari Matchett. In 2002, Julia Chantrey won Best Guest Actress in a Drama Series. In 2003, it won for Best Supporting Actress, Best Guest Actor in a Drama Series, and Best Guest Actress in a Drama Series for Jennie Raymond, Winston Rekert, and Kate Trotter. In 2004, it won Best Guest Actress in a Drama Series for Nicky Guadagni.

## Infobox (television)

- **creator**: Steve Lucas
Cal Coons
- **starring**: Mimi Kuzyk
Joel S. Keller
Jeremy Ratchford
Maria del Mar (actress), Maria del Mar
Maurice Dean Wint
Benz Antoine
Tamara Hickey
Kari Matchett
Tracy Waterhouse
- **country**: Canada
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 4
- **num episodes**: 52
- **runtime**: 60 minutes
- **company**: Lionsgate Canada
- **network**: Global Television Network, Global
CBC Kids

***CBC Kids*** (formerly _Hodge Podge Lodge_ in 1987 to 1994, _CBC Playground_ in 1994 to 2000, _Children's CBC_ in 1997 to 1998, _Get Set for Life_ in 2000 to 2003, and _Kids' CBC_ in 2003 to 2017) is a Canadian children's block on CBC Television.

### Current

|Title|Year appeared|
| --- | --- |
|_True and the Rainbow Kingdom_|2018|
|_Addison_|2018|
|_Molly of Denali_|2019|
|_Remy & Boo_|2020|
|_The Adventures of Paddington_|2020|
|_Big Blue_|2021|
|_Mighty Express_|2021|
|_Ian And Sophie: The Series_|2021|
|_Paw Patrol_|2022|
|''Hello Kitty: Super Style!|2023|
|_Rubble And Crew_|2023|
|_Hop_|2024|
|_Go Togo_|2024|

### Former

|Title|Premiere|Finale|
| --- | --- | --- |
|_Barney & Friends_|1994|1995|
|_Little Bear_|November 6, 1995|2007|
|_Arthur_|1998|2021|
|_Noddy_|1998|2003|
|_The Magic School Bus_|2000|2003|
|_Cyberchase_|||
|_The Naughty Naughty Pets_|February 6, 2006|September 6, 2010|
|_Super Why!_|September 3, 2007|2019|
|_Animal Mechanicals_|||
|_The Mighty Jungle_|September 1, 2008|2017|
|_The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!_|August 6, 2011|2019|
|_Monster Math Squad_|May 7, 2012|September 6, 2016|
|_PJ Masks_|2018|2023|

## Infobox (television channel)
Splatoon Raiders

**Splatoon Raiders** is a future third-person shooter video game made and released by Nintendo. It will come out on the Nintendo Switch 2 system.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Splatoon Raiders
- **developer**: Nintendo EPD
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **series**: Splatoon
- **platforms**: Nintendo Switch 2
- **genre**: third-person shooter
- **released**: TBA
Late antiquity

**Late antiquity** is a period in European and Mediterranean history. It starts around the end of the 3rd century AD and ends between the 6th and the 8th centuries, depending on the region. This period is between classical antiquity (Ancient Greece and Rome) and the Middle Ages.

There is no exact date for the start or end. Most historians agree it began around 284 AD, when Emperor Diocletian ruled the Roman Empire. Some say it ended in476 AD, when the Western Roman Empire fell; 565 AD, when Emperor Justinian died; or even 750 AD, when the Abbasid dynasty took over in the Islamic world.

Late Antiquity took place in the lands around the Mediterranean Sea, including Europe (especially Italy, France, Spain, and the Balkans), the Middle East (like Syria and Palestine), and North Africa (like Egypt and Carthage).

## Major political changes

The Roman Empire was divided into two parts: West and East.

The Western Roman Empire ended in 476 AD.

The Eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire and lasted much longer.

New Germanic kingdoms formed in the West (like the Franks and Visigoths).

## Religion

Christianity became the main religion of the Roman Empire.

There were many arguments about Christian beliefs.

Church buildings, symbols, and religious art became more common.

Other religions like Judaism and Islam also developed during this time.

## Society and daily life

Many people moved from the cities to the countryside.

Trade became rarer because of wars and invasions.

Tools, ships, and farming methods were invented.

Rich and poor people had very different lives.

## Art and culture

Christian art became popular, with mosaics, icons, and church paintings.

People made ivory carvings, religious lamps, and beautiful books.

Art became more symbolic and less realistic than earlier Roman art.

The Byzantine style started to develop.

## Army and defense

The Roman army was changed to defend against Germanic invasions.

Forts and walls were built around cities.

Constantinople (now Istanbul) became a strong capital.

## Learning and knowledge

Even though the Roman Empire was falling in the West, people still studied and wrote books.

Monks copied old texts, which helped save Greek and Roman knowledge.

That knowledge was later used in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

## Modern studies

Historians today say that late antiquity was not just a time of decline but also a time of change and growth. People today study it to understand the end of the Roman Empire, the start of Christian Europe, the roots of Islamic and Jewish traditions, and how old knowledge was saved and passed on.

There are groups like the Association for Late Antiquity and journals like _Antiquité Tardive_ that help people study and learn more about the time.
Dora Milaje

The **Dora Milaje** are an elite group of female warriors in the Marvel Comics universe and the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). They serve as the royal guards and bodyguards to the Black Panther, the king of Wakanda. The name "Dora Milaje" translates roughly to "Adored Ones" or "Our Daughters" in the Wakandan language.

## Key features

They are tasked with protecting the Wakandan royal family, maintaining security within Wakanda, and upholding the traditions of their nation.

The members are highly trained warriors, often selected from different tribes within Wakanda. They undergo rigorous combat and tactical training to prepare for their duties.

The Dora Milaje are not only bodyguards but also symbolize Wakanda’s strength, unity, and cultural identity. They are deeply respected within Wakandan society.

In the comics and films, characters such as Okoye (played by Danai Gurira in the MCU) are prominent members of the Dora Milaje.

## In other media

The Dora Milaje are prominently featured in movies like _Black Panther_ (2018), where they play a crucial role in protecting T’Challa and Wakanda.

Their depiction emphasizes their discipline, combat skill, and loyalty to Wakandan traditions.
Justin Hammer

**Justin Hammer** is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

## Fictional character biography

He is typically portrayed as a wealthy industrialist and arms manufacturer, often serving as an antagonist to Tony Stark / Iron Man. Hammer is known for his technological expertise, ruthless business practices, and attempts to rival or defeat Iron Man through the development of advanced weaponry and robots.

## In other media

In the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), Justin Hammer appears in the film _Iron Man 2_ (2010), portrayed by actor Sam Rockwell. In the film, he is depicted as a rival arms dealer and businessman, involved in schemes that ultimately put him in conflict with Tony Stark.
IPadOS 26

**iPadOS 26** is a seventh tablet operating system of iPadOS developed by Apple Inc. It was announced on June 9, 2025 at Apple Worldwide Developers Conference 2025 and released on September 15, 2025.

## Features and changes

iPadOS 26 was redesigned with the Liquid Glass, the other operating systems also redesigned with the Liquid Glass including iOS 26, macOS Tahoe, watchOS 26 and tvOS 26, visionOS 26. It has a multitasking look like a macOS. It has a Preview app that runs like macOS. It has a Journal app with support for the Apple Pencil.

## Supported devices

iPadOS 26 will be no longer supported for iPad (7th generation). Here is models that supported iPadOS 26 such as iPad Pro (M4), iPad Pro 12.9-inch (3rd generation and later), iPad Pro 11-inch (1st generation and later), iPad Air (M2 and later), iPad Air (3rd generation and later), iPad Air (A16), iPad (8th generation and later), iPad mini (A17) and iPad mini (5th generation and later). Plus, iPad (10th generation).

## Infobox (os version)

- **name**: iPadOS 26
- **title**: iPadOS 26
- **version of**: iPadOS
- **developer**: Apple Inc., Apple
- **family**: iPadOS
- **source model**: Proprietary software, Closed with open-source software, open-source components
- **marketing target**: iPads
- **ui**: Liquid Glass
- **preceded by**: iPadOS 18
- **support status**: Supported. No longer supported for the iPad (7th generation)
- **other articles**: iOS 26 (derivative for iPhone)
- **tagline**: Work. Flows.
Archelosauria

**Archelosauria** is a clade of diapsid reptiles. It contains Pantestudines (turtles and their relatives) and Archosauromorpha (birds, crocodiles, and their extinct relatives.)
Batrachyla taeniata

The **banded wood frog** (_Batrachyla taeniata_) is a frog.  It lives in Argentina and Chile.

## Home

This frog can live in many different kinds of places. Scientists have seen them on grassy places with acacia plants, rainforests, other forests, marshes, and in cold places.   Scientists saw this frog between 0 and 1000 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen the frog in many protected parks.

## Young

The male frog sits under a bush and calls to the female frogs. The female frog lays eggs on the dead leaves on the ground in the forest. Then rain falls and fills the place with the eggs with water. The tadpoles swim in this water. Scientists have seen adult male frogs take care of the young.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out and scientists from Chile say it is in only a little danger of dying out. People cut down too many trees to make farms, tree farms, towns, and places for cows to eat grass.
The Simpsons Game

***The Simpsons Game*** is a 2007 platform video game based on the animated television show _The Simpsons_. It was released for the Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2, Wii, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable.

## Characters

**Playable:**

- Homer
- Bart
- Lisa
- Marge

## Levels

- The Land of Chocolate
- Bartman Begins
- Around the World in 80 Bites
- Lisa the Tree Hugger
- Mob Rules
- Enter the Cheatrix
- The Day of the Dolphin
- Shadow of the Colossal Donut
- Invasion of the Yokel-Snatchers
- Bargain Bin
- NeverQuest
- Medal of Homer
- Big Super Happy Fun Fun Game
- Grand Theft Scratchy
- Five Characters in Search of an Author
- Game Over

## Infobox (video game)

- **director**: Ralph Sosa
- **series**: _The Simpsons_
- **title**: The Simpsons Game
Death Stranding (movie)

***Death Standing*** (formerly known as "Storm of the Century and "Enemy and The Beast") is a 2023 action crime film co-produced by mainland China and Hong Kong. It was filmed in Guangzhou, Macau, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and Thailand. It was directed by Hong Kong director Pang Fat and starred Wallace Chung, Ben Ng, Myolie Wu, and Owen Cheung.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Death Standing
- **director**: Peng Fa
- **producer**: Zhang Chengxian
- **writer**: Deng Andong, Wang Qian
- **starring**: Wallace Chung, Francis Ng, Myolie Wu, Eric Cheung
- **studio**: Magic Films, Shanwei Films, Lanqiong Films, Zonghengsihai Films, Zhuomai Films
- **distributor**: Universal Film Distribution
- **runtime**: 120 minutes
- **country**: China
Hong Kong
- **language**: Mandarin