juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Pitchblende

**Pitchblende** is a radioactive, uranium-rich mineral and ore. It has a chemical composition that is largely UO<sub>2</sub>, but also contains UO<sub>3</sub> and oxides of lead, thorium, and rare earth elements. It is known as pitchblende due to its black color and high density. It is also commonly referred to as **Uraninite**.

The mineral has been known at least since the 15th century from silver mines in the Ore Mountains, on the German/Czech border.  Pitchblende found in Germany was used by M. Klaproth in 1789 to discover the element uranium.

Pitchblende contains a small amount of radium as a radioactive decay product of uranium. Because the uranium isotopes <sup>238</sup>U and <sup>235</sup>U will decay to form the lead isotopes <sup>206</sup>Pb and <sup>207</sup>Pb, pitchblende also always has small amounts of lead. Small amounts of helium are also present in pitchblend as a result of alpha decay.

Helium was first found on Earth in pitchblende after having been discovered  in the Sun's atmosphere.

## Occurrence

Pitchblende is a major ore of uranium.

Some of the highest grade uranium ores in the world were found in the Shinkolobwe mine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the initial source for the Manhattan Project) and in the Athabasca Basin in northern Canada.

Another important source of pitchblende is at Great Bear Lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada, where it is found in large quantities associated with silver. It also occurs in Australia, Germany, England, and South Africa. In the United States it can be found in the states of New Hampshire, Connecticut, North Carolina, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico.

Uranium ore is generally processed close to the mine into yellowcake, which is an intermediate step in the processing of uranium.

## Related pages

- List of minerals
- Uranium
- Uranium 235

## Infobox (mineral)

- **name**: Uraninite
- **category**: Oxide minerals
- **image**: Pitchblende_schlema-alberoda.JPG
- **caption**: Pitchblende from Niederschlema-Alberoda deposit, Germany
- **formula**: Uranium dioxide or uranium(IV) oxide (UO<sub>2</sub>)
- **strunz**: 04.DL.05
- **symmetry**: Isometric, hexoctahedral
H-M symbol: (4/m2/m)
Space group: F m3m
- **unit cell**: a = 5.4682 Å; Z = 4
- **color**: Steel-black to velvet-black, brownish black, pale gray to pale green; in transmitted light, pale green, pale yellow to deep brown
- **habit**: Massive, botryoidal, granular. Octahedral crystals uncommon.
- **system**: Cubic (crystal system), Isometric
- **cleavage**: Indistinct
- **fracture**: Conchoidal to uneven
- **mohs**: 5–6
- **luster**: Submetallic, greasy, dull
- **opticalprop**: Isotropic
- **streak**: Brownish black, gray, olive-green
- **gravity**: 10.63–10.95; decreases on oxidation
- **diaphaneity**: Opaque; transparent in thin fragments
- **other**: Radioactive: greater than 70 Bq/g
- **var1**: Pitchblende
- **var1text**: Massive
Larry Hankin

**Larry Hankin** (born December 7, 1937) is an American movie, television, radio, stage, and voice actor. He is best known for his role as Mr. Heckles in _Friends_.

Hankin was born in New York City, New York. He studied at Syracuse University.

## Other websites

- Official website
- YouTube page

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: American actor and comedian Larry Hankin.png
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **alma mater**: Syracuse University
- **occupation**: Actor, director, producer
- **yearsactive**: 1963–present
Jonathan Harris

**Jonathan Harris** (**Jonathan Charasuchin**; November 6, 1914 – November 3, 2002) was an American movie, television, radio, stage, and voice actor who is known for his role as Dr. Zachary Smith in _Lost in Space_.

Harris was born on November 6, 1914 in The Bronx, New York City, New York. He studied at James Monroe High School. Harris was married to Gertrude Bregman from 1938 until his death in 2002. Harris died on November 3, 2002 in Encino, Los Angeles, California from heart failure, aged 87.
Zenith

In astronomy, the **zenith** is a point "above" a particular location, in the sky. "Above" means in the opposite direction of gravity at that location. The zenith is the opposite of the nadir.  The nadir is in the direction the direction that gravity pulls.  The zenith is not a real point,  it is used as a reference for the location of other things in the sky.

## Relevance and use

For scientists, the zenith is the direction of reference for measuring the **zenith angle**. The zenith angle is the angle between a place in the sky (usually a star) and the local zenith.

## Related pages

- Nadir
Nadir

In astronomy, the **nadir** is a point "below" a particular location. "Below" means in the same direction of gravity at that location. The nadir is the opposite of the zenith.  The nadir is not a real point.  It is used as a reference for the location of other things.

## Related pages

- Zenith
Herman Bing

**Herman Bing** (March 30, 1889 – January 9, 1947) was a German-American character actor and voice actor. He was the brother of Gus Bing (1893–1967).
He shot himself on 9 January, 1947.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Herman Bing
- **image**: Herman Bing in The Great Ziegfeld trailer.jpg
- **imagesize**: 240px
- **caption**: Bing in _The Great Ziegfeld_ trailer
- **birth place**: Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California
- **occupation**: Character actor/voice actor
Larry Semon

**Lawrence "Larry" Semon** (February 9, 1889 – October 8, 1928) was an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter during the silent movie era. In his day, Semon was considered a major movie comedian. He is now remembered mainly for working with both Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy before they started working together.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Larry Semon
- **image**: Larry Semon.jpg
- **caption**: Larry Semon at age 35, 1924.
- **birth place**: West Point, Mississippi, West Point, Mississippi, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Victorville, California, Victorville, California, U.S.
- **resting place**: Cremated
- **othername**: Lawrence Semon, Zigoto, Ridolini, Jaimito, Tomasín
- **years active**: 1916–28
- **spouse**: Lucille Carlisle (m.?–1923)
Joyce Cary

**Joyce Cary** (born **Arthur Joyce Lunel Cary**; December 7, 1888 – March 29, 1957) was an Irish novelist and writer, who was born in Donegal, Ireland.

He studied at Clifton and Trinity College, Oxford. Afterwards, he also spent some time learning art at Edinburgh and Paris. In 1913, he joined the Nigerian Political Service, under the British colonial system and was posted out to Nigeria. While working there, he also fought in the First World War, with the local Nigerian Regiment. After the end of the war, he returned to politics. However, he was becoming very sick, and was advised to retire and go back home.

After retiring back to Britain, he began to write seriously and full-time. His first novel, _Aissa Saved_, was published in 1932. He published several other works after this, including _The Captive and the Free_, _Herself Surprised_, _A Fearful Joy_, _The Horse's Mouth_, _To be a Pilgrim_ and others.

He died in March 1957.
Theodore Roethke

**Theodore Huebner Roethke** ( ; May 25, 1908 – August 1, 1963) was an American poet.

Roethke's parents were German immigrants, who settled in Michigan and started a highly prosperous floral business. He was born in Michigan. He grew up in an atmosphere of greenhouses and plants. These images stayed with him, and he often alluded to it in his work.

He was educated at Michigan State University and then Harvard. He became a teacher and sports coach. He began to publish his poetry later, around 1941, with the publication of _Open House_. However, according to critics and scholars, he really began to "mature" with his second book, _The Lost Son and Other Poems_ (1948). It was followed by other critically acclaimed volumes.

Roethke joined the University of Washington as a lecturer in 1947. He stayed there until his sudden death in 1963.

Among other prizes and awards, he won the Pulitzer Prize (1953), the Bollinger Prize (1958), and a posthumous National Book Award (1964).

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America
Abdul Majid Khan Tarin

**Khan Abdul Majid Khan Tarin**, Khan Sahib, OBE (1877–1939) was a prominent magistrate, judge and later MLA, of the NWFP assembly, in British India.

## Background

He was the son of a tribal Tarin (or Tareen) chieftain and cavalry officer, Sardar Habib Khan (1829–1888), Nawab-Bahadur, Risaldar; and was born in Talokar village, near Haripur,  in what was later to be the Hazara area of the NWFP, in British India. After his father's death he was educated by English tutors and then sent to Aitchison College, Lahore for studies. Later, he was sent to England and became a Barrister.

## Career

Abdul Majid Khan Tarin was a Magistrate and Judge in the Punjab service from 1902 to 1934 and then, after his retirement, he joined the All India Muslim League. In 1937 he was elected an MLA (Member of Legislative Assembly) of the North-West Frontier Province but could not complete his tenure there as he died in September 1939, after a short illness.

## Legacy

His son Khan Abdus Salim Khan was a Pakistani diplomat who was ambassador in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), Japan, USA and the UK and his daughter-in-law Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan was later Pakistan's first woman minister during the regime of General Ayub Khan. One of his great-grandsons is the Pakistani poet and scholar, Omer Tarin.

Majid Khan Tarin was also a very active early philanthropist of his area and opened many educational institutions and set up a medical ward for Tuberculosis patients at the Haripur government hospital. His family has continued this charitable tradition.
Khattar (clan)

Khattar (tribe)

Khattar (Punjabi: کھٹر; Pashto: خټګر) is a Muslim tribe primarily found in the northern Punjab province of Pakistan, especially in Rawalpindi and Attock districts, with smaller populations in Chakwal and parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. They are traditionally landowners in the "Khattar tract" near the Kala Chitta Range and Indus River.

History and Origins

The Khattars claim various ancestries in tribal traditions, including Arab descent from Abu al-Khattar (a governor in Al-Andalus during the Umayyad period) who allegedly migrated via Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan after the fall of Muslim Spain. Some also link to Qutb Shah (ancestor of the Awan tribe) for Qureshi Arab lineage. Other accounts suggest Turkic influences through intermarriages or Rajput (Chauhan) origins with conversion to Islam during early Muslim invasions (e.g., Mahmud of Ghazni era). British colonial ethnographies (e.g., Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab) describe them as claiming kinship with Awans but often asserting Rajput roots, with mixed local Punjabi and Central Asian elements due to migrations and marriages.

Society and Culture

The tribe is regarded as aristocratic and places high emphasis on education, with women traditionally addressed as "Khattarani". They have been prominent in politics and military affairs.

Notable figures include Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan (Premier of Punjab, 1936–1942) from the influential Hayat family of Wah.

References

Rose, H.A. (1911). A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province.

Newpakhistorian blog (various entries on Attock tribes).

Joshua Project and historical surveys

### Pakistan

- Nawab Muhammad Hayat Khan, a Punjabi Muslim administrator during British rule.

- Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, First Prime Minister of Punjab Province in British India.
- Major safdar Jang Khan neka, twice marshal law administrator north of Punjab fought two wars with being the key to occupying khem keran sector in 1965.
- Sir Liaqat Hayat Khan, at one time Prime Minister of Patiala state
- Shaukat Hayat Khan, a senior Muslim league politician
- Yawar Hayat Khan senior director/producer of Pakistan Television
- Qazi Khalid Mehmood of Jatial. (Ex-Vice Chairman District Council Attock, Ex-Tehsil Nazim Attock).
- Qazi Ahmed Akbar Khan of Jatial. (MPA PP-01, District President PTI Attock, Chairman Standing Committee Punjab Assembly, Senior PTI party leader)
- General (retd) Ahsan Azhar Hayat, former senior officer of the Pakistan Army and ex-ambassador to Jordan
- Sardar Mahmood Khan, former Senator and Former district nazim Attock

- Major (retd) Tahir Sadiq. (MNA NA-55 and Ex district nazim Attock)
- Ghulam Sarwar Khan (Former federal petroleum minister,MNA NA-59 and senior leader PTI party)
- Major (retd) Umar hayat Khan served in Indo pak war and achived awards for his performance
- Dr. Azhar Daud Khan Medical Specialist in Norway
- Dr. Asfand Yar Khan from Basal, in Hazro District Attock.
Shaukat Hayat Khan

Major Sardar **Shaukat Hayat Khan** (1915-1998) was a leader of the All India Muslim League from the Punjab province of British India, later Pakistan; and he worked as a close assistant to Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the Pakistan Independence Movement from circa 1942/43 to 1947.

## Background

He was the eldest son of the former Punjabi statesman and leader, Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan. As a young man, he joined the British Indian Army and served up to the rank of Major before resigning in 1942, on his father's death.

## Pakistan Movement

From 1942 to 1947, Khan was active as a leading Punjabi member of the All India Muslim League and assisted the founder of Pakistan, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, in the efforts to obtain a separate Muslim nation-state when the British left India. In 1946, he was given the title of _Shaukat i Punjab_ (The pride of the Punjab: a play on his name) by Jinnah himself.

## Later politics

After 1947, for quite some time he remained an active political figure and member of parliament. However, gradually between the 1960s and 1980s he became increasingly disillusioned by the corruption and dishonesty of politics in Pakistan and finally quit. He died in September 1998, at Islamabad.
Aitchison College

The **Aitchison College** is Pakistan's most prestigious school and college. It is in the old and historical Punjabi city of Lahore. The school was started during British colonial rule, in 1886. It was first called the 'Punjab Chiefs' School and College'. It is named after Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison, who was Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab. Only boys aged 4 to 19 go there.
Tarin

**Tarin** (also written as **Tareen**), are a large Pashtun tribe.  They mostly live in parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan.

The Durrani tribe, which ruled Afghanistan for quite some time, is a branch descended from the main Tarin tribe.
Kim (novel)

**Kim** was a famous book.  It is a novel by the Nobel Prize winning English writer, Rudyard Kipling.  It was first published in 1901.

## Background

The book is set after the Second Anglo-Afghan War which ended in 1881, but before the Third, probably in the period 1893–98  The novel is notable for its detailed picture of the people, culture, and varied religions of India.

## Summary

The novel tells the story of a young Irish orphan, Kimball O'Hara, better known as 'Kim'. He is living in British India and brought up by his _ayah_ (nursemaid) in the old Punjabi city of Lahore (now in Pakistan). Kim meets a Buddhist Lama (priest) and has many exciting adventures, traveling along the Grand Trunk Road. Some other interesting characters in this story are Mahbub Ali, Colonel Creighton, Lurgan-sahib and Hurree Chandar Mukerjee.

## Critical View

_Kim_ is Kipling's most important work and a significant work about India and the British Raj, and the famous 'Great Game' of espionage played there between the British Empire and Russia in the 19th century. It is also his most 'enchanting' prose work and may well be compared to other great English literary classics

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Kim
- **image**: Rudyard Kipling No. 1 by William Strang 1898.jpg
- **image caption**: Kipling by Willian Strang, 1898
- **author**: Rudyard Kipling
- **illustrator**: H.R. Millar
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Spy novel, Spy
- **publisher**: McClure's Magazine (in serial)
Macmillan Publishers, Macmillan & Co (single volume)
- **release date**: October 1901
- **media type**: Print (Serial (literature), Serial & Hardcover)
- **pages**: 368
- **oclc**: 236914
WebCite

**WebCite** is a service that archives web pages. A user asks WebCite to archive a certain URL, and then WebCite will make a copy of what the page looks like at that time. Authors use this when writing citations. If the webpage changes or is removed ("link rot"), there is still a copy on WebCite. This is very important when writing papers for academic journals or for school. Using the WebCite service is free (it costs no money.)

WebCite saves many kinds of internet content. Some of these are:
- HTML web pages
- PDF files
- CSS style sheets
- JavaScript
- digital images (pictures)

It also saves some information ("metadata") about the original content. This information includes the time it was saved, the MIME type, and how long it is. This information is useful because it can prove that the archive version is authentic.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: WebCite
- **logo**: WebCite.svg
- **commercial**: No
- **language**: English
- **owner**: University of Toronto
- **author**: Gunther Eysenbach
- **current status**: Online
Marbled cat

The **marbled cat** (_Pardofelis marmorata_) is a small wild cat of South and Southeast Asia. Its head and body length is 45 – 62 cm (18 - 24") and it weighs 2 – 5 kg (4 - 11 lb).

Genetic analysis has shown that it is closely related with the Asian golden cat and the bay cat, which diverged from the other felids about 9.4 million years ago. Therefore, it may probably be transferred to the genus _Catopuma_.

## Description

Its tail is extremely long and bushy. The background color of its fur varies from dark gray-brown through yellowish gray to red-brown. The flanks and back are strikingly marked with large, irregular, dark-edged blotches. The legs and underparts are marked with black dots, and the tail is marked with black spots and rings. There are spots on the forehead and crown, which merge into narrow longitudinal stripes on the neck and irregular stripes on the back.

## Habitat

The marbled cat is found in northern India, Nepal, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces in China, and south through Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra (Indonesia), and Borneo. Throughout its range it is thought to be rare, although it has also been suggested that the perception of the marbled cat's rarity may be caused by its secretive nature and its preference for remote forest areas.
Cheng Shuang

**Cheng Shuang** (; born February 11, 1987) is a Chinese female aerial skier who took part in the 2010 Winter Olympics.

Cheng won the gold medal at the 2011 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships.
American League East

The **American League East** is a group of baseball teams in the American League of Major League Baseball. It is one of the six divisions in the MLB. There are five teams in this division. Four of the five teams are from the eastern United States, and one team is from Canada.

## Teams in the American League East Division

- Baltimore Orioles
- Boston Red Sox
- New York Yankees
- Tampa Bay Rays
- Toronto Blue Jays
Ugnu–Kuparuk Airport

**Ugnu-Kuparuk Airport** is a private airport in Kuparuk, Alaska, United States. It is owned by ConocoPhilips Alaska. ConocoPhilips is an energy company that runs the oil field in Kuparuk. It is used for most cargo-transferring and sometimes air-taxi.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Ugnu–Kuparuk Airport
- **iata**: UUK
- **icao**: PAKU
- **faa**: UBW
- **type**: Private
- **owner**: ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc.
- **location**: Kuparuk, Alaska, Kuparuk, Alaska
- **elevation-f**: 67
- **elevation-m**: 20
- **pushpin map**: Alaska
- **pushpin mapsize**: 250
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Ugnu–Kuparuk Airport
- **pushpin label**: **PAKU**
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **r1-number**: 6/24
- **r1-length-f**: 6,551
- **r1-length-m**: 1,997
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **stat-year**: 2001
- **stat1-header**: Aircraft operations
- **stat1-data**: 1,850
- **footnotes**: Source: Federal Aviation Administration
African golden cat

The **African golden cat** (_Caracal aurata_) is a medium-sized cat. This cat was previously listed as _Profelis aurata_. It weighs about  on average.  The underside of its chest and chin are normally light-colored. In rare cases, they are pure white. This cat is closely related to the caracal.

Its fur color can change over time. This is affected by its age and other factors.
The head of an African golden cat has light spots around the eyes. In the 1960s, studies were done that showed that various colors of the African golden cat (red, brown, silver) were found in equal numbers in most areas of their habitats. Distinctive spots on the back of the cat are only found on cats in West Africa.

Normally, the habitat of the African golden cat is in the tropical rainforests found along the equator in Africa.
Hakim Ahmad Shuja

**Hakim Ahmad Shuja** MBE (1893-1969) was an Urdu poet, playwright, scholar and early movie writer and lyricist of British India, later Pakistan.

He was born in Lahore's old 'walled city'. Shuja wrote about the history and ethos of its Bhaati Gate and Bazaar i Hakiman areas in his memoirs _Lahore ka Chelsea_(circa 1960s). He is accounted to be one of the old city's notable Lahoris.

He is best known today for writing the screenplays for many early Indian and Pakistani movies and for composing romantic lyrics and songs for some of them. His son, Anwar Kamal Pasha, later became a major Pakistani film director and producer.
Wide Awake

"**Wide Awake**" is a song by American pop singer-songwriter Katy Perry. The single was released May 22, 2012, via Capitol Records as the second and final single from _Teenage Dream: The Complete Connection_, a re-release of Perry's third studio album, _Teenage Dream_. The song was well acclaimed by music critics, many of whom gave the maturity of Perry as a reason for citing. The song hit number 1 in several countries, including Canada, Poland, New Zealand, and Venezuela, while it peaked at number 2 in the United States. The single is among a string of hits by Perry. It is an electronic song about moving on and taking hardships when breaking up.  The song was certified quintuple-platinum in the US for sales and streams of over five million copies.  It ranked at number 15 on _Billboard_<nowiki/>'s Year-End Hot 100 of 2012 in the US Katy Perry wrote .

## Music video

The video for "Wide Awake" begins with Perry behind the scenes on the set of the music video for "California Gurls".  She goes to her dressing room and stares at her reflection in the mirror.  Perry is then seen in a dark forest, holding a lantern and trying to escape it like a maze.  She meets a younger version of herself and eats a strawberry from a tree, which poisons her.  Later, Katy and her younger self exit to find Katy's "Prince Charming" who crosses his fingers behind his back in distrust.  Katy punches him, and her younger self is seen riding away on a bike with a name plate reading "Katheryn," Katy Perry's first name.  The video ends with Katy singing "Teenage Dream" on the California Dreams Tour.

## Credits and personnel

**Recording locations**
- Recorded at NightBird Recording Studios <small>(West Hollywood, California)</small>
- Mixed at MixStar Studios <small>(Virginia Beach, California)</small>

**Personnel**
- Katy Perry – backing vocals, lead vocals, songwriting
- Lukasz Gottwald – songwriting, producer, instruments, programming
- Max Martin – songwriting
- Bonnie McKee – songwriting
- Henry Walter – songwriting, instruments, programming, producer
- John Hanes – engineering
- Serban Ghenea – mixing

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Wide Awake
- **artist**: Katy Perry
- **album**: Teenage Dream
- **published**: 2011
- **released**: May 22, 2012
- **recorded**: 2011
- **genre**: Electropop
- **length**: 3:40
- **label**: Capitol
- **producer**: Cirkut
- **prev title**: Part of Me
- **prev year**: 2012
- **next title**: Roar (song), Roar
- **next year**: 2013
Taufiq Rafat

**Taufiq Rafat** (25 October 1927 – 2 August 1998) was a Pakistani poet and writer. He was educated in Dehradun, Aligarh and Lahore.

Rafat is regarded as pioneer of English language poetry and writing in Pakistan. He wrote about the culture of Pakistan. He liked Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot and W. H. Auden. Rafat is the only poet whose work has been in all three of Pakistan's major anthologies: _First Voices_ (1965), _Pieces of Eight_ (1971) and _Wordfall_ (1975). Rafat wrote a play named _The Foothold._ It was performed by the Government College Dramatic Club in Lahore. He taught many younger poets. His poems were put into a book named _Arrival of the Monsoon_. Rafat translated the epic _Puran Bhagat_ (1983) of Punjabi poet Bulleh Shah and Qadar Yar into lyrical English.
Daud Kamal

**Daud Kamal** (1935–1987) was a Pakistani poet and academic, from Peshawar city. He was a Professor of English Literature at University of Peshawar.
Alamgir Hashmi

**Alamgir Hashmi** (also **Aurangzeb Alamgir Hashmi**; born 15 November 1951) is a significant Pakistani poet who writes in English.   His poems have received critical acclaim.
Bapsi Sidhwa

**Bapsi Sidhwa** (née Bhandara; 11 August 1938 – 25 December 2024) was a Pakistani writer. She wrote in English. Sidwa was best known for her novels, _The Crow Eaters_ (1978), _The Bride_ (1982), _Cracking India_ (1991), _An American Brat_ (1993) and _Water: A Novel_ (2006). She was born in Lahore, Pakistan. She was best known for her collaborative work with Indo-Canadian filmmaker, Deepa Mehta.

Sidhwa died on 25 December 2024 in Houston, Texas at the age of 86.
https://goodreads.com/book/show/94732.The_Crow_Eaters

## Infobox (writer)

- **image**: Bapsi sidhwa 2008.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **name**: Bapsi Sidhwa

- **caption**: Bapsi Sidhwa at the 2008 Texas Book Festival.
- **birth place**: Karachi, Bombay Presidency, British India
- **death place**: Houston, Texas, U.S.
- **occupation**: Author
- **nationality**: Pakistani
- **awards**: Sitara-i-Imtiaz (Star of Excellence) Award by the Government of Pakistan (1991)
- **relatives**: Minocher Bhandara (brother)
 Isphanyar M. Bhandara (nephew)
Mohur Sidhwa (daughter)
Gheba tribe

The **Gheba** tribe are a tribe from the Punjab, mostly located in the North-western portion of Rawalpindi Tehsil and Fateh Jang Tehsil of Attock District of Pakistan. They are generally classified as Mughals.

## Origins

The origins of the Ghebas is subject to some dispute or controversy for quite some time; according to most scholars, historians and early British Indian administrators of their native areas, the Ghebas, like their close kin the Jodhra tribe and Alpial, are of Hindu origins, probably Rajputs. Most of them settled in North-western portion of Rawalpindi Tehsil and Fateh Jang Tehsil. They were at one time spread out over a broader area, in both Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa areas of what is now Pakistan but over time, their main population came to live in Attock and Rawalpindi districts of northern Punjab. They were most probably descended from one Raja Dayanand, a Chauhan Rajput, through Rai Shankar, whose offspring 'Rai Gheba' converted to Islam and was given the title of 'Gheba Khan'. They have been Muslims since then and sizeable landowners in the districts they live in.

There is another view, often believed by most of the Gheba families, that they are not really Rajputs or Jatts but are Barlas Mughals,

## Villages

Whatever their origins, the Ghebas continue to be among the biggest landowners of northern Punjab, in present-day Pakistan. Popular villages of Gheba Sardars in Fateh jang are , Tajabara,Majia,jeendhar, Asthaal, Malal, Dhurnal, Dhari-Rai-Ditt and Shehr Rai-Sadullah-Khan ,khunda and Dehdar.  several other villages that  Ghebas own as landlord ,the arians are living in those villages as a tenents.
The  biggest and most important village of Ghebas Sardars in Attock area is Kot Fateh Khan, which is part of the _Jagir_ estate of the Sardar of Kot.

## Occupations

Most of the Ghebas are landowners and engaged in agricultural activities.
Deadhorse, Alaska

**Deadhorse** is a town in North Slope Borough, Alaska, United States. It is an unincorporated community. It is known for its production of oil.

Deadhorse is near Prudhoe Bay, which located along the coastline of Arctic Ocean. The James Dalton Highway connects Deadhorse with Fairbanks. Companies can send oil from Deadhorse, using the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) to the southern part of Alaska.

Tourists can take buses from Fairbanks using the Dalton Highway to get to Deadhorse. The town is in the Arctic Circle. Tourists can see the Sun at midnight in the summer. Kinds of animals, like arctic foxes, can been seen in this area.
Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan

**Begum Mahmooda Salim Khan** (May 1913 – June 2007) was an early pioneer woman social activist of Pakistan, especially active in promoting women's rights and their access to better educational and health facilities. She briefly remained Pakistan's first woman cabinet minister during the General Ayub Khan regime, between 1962 and 1967, before quitting politics and returning full-time to public service.

She died on 17 June 2007 aged 94 years.
Leopardus

***Leopardus*** is a genus of small spotted cats that are native to Middle and South America. Very few species belonging to _Leopardus_ are in the southern United States. _Leopardus_ may be the oldest branch of the Felinae to go into the Americas, followed by the genera _Lynx_ and _Puma_.

### New Species of Cat Has Been Found in the Andes

By Esther Evangeline,  2025 July 3

Published in Animals Around The Globe

In a remarkable discovery that has captivated the scientific community, researchers have confirmed the identification of a previously unknown wild cat species in the remote highlands of the Andes Mountains. This groundbreaking finding represents the first new cat species identified in the Americas in over 80 years. The newly classified feline, provisionally named the “Andean mountain cat” (scientific name: Leopardus andinus), was documented after years of local reports, camera trap evidence, and finally genetic confirmation that established it as distinct from other known South American wild cats.

### Species

- _Leopardus colocolo_ <small>(Molina, 1782)</small> – Colocolo
- _Leopardus braccatus_ <small>(Cope, 1889)</small> – Pantanal Cat
- _Leopardus pajeros_ <small>(Desmarest, 1816)</small> – Pampas Cat
- _Leopardus geoffroyi_ <small>(d'Orbigny & Gervais, 1844)</small> – Geoffroy's cat
- _Leopardus guigna_ <small>(Molina, 1782)</small> – Kodkod
- _Leopardus jacobitus_ <small>(Cornalia, 1865)</small> – Andean Mountain cat
- _Leopardus pardalis_ <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> – Ocelot
- _Leopardus tigrinus_ <small>(Schreber, 1775)</small> – Oncilla
- _Leopardus wiedii_ <small>(Schinz, 1821)</small> – Margay
Prionailurus

***Prionailurus*** is a genus of four species of small, spotted wild cats found in Asia. They are typically forest-dwelling. Most are able to swim well; some species are actually semi-aquatic and feed mainly on fish and other aquatic animals.

Pocock's classification of _Prionailurus_ is widely accepted:
- Leopard cat (_Prionailurus bengalensis_)
- Rusty-spotted cat (_Prionailurus rubiginosus_)
- Fishing cat (_Prionailurus viverrinus_)
- Flat-headed cat (_Prionailurus planiceps_)
Stanley Middleton

**Stanley Middleton** (1919–2009) was an English writer and novelist, who was a co-winner of the Booker Prize in 1974, along with Nadine Gordimer.

Some of his better-known novels are _A Serious Woman_ (1961), _Two's Company_ (1964) and _Holiday_ (1974).
Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan

**Amir Ahmed Khan**, Raja Sahib of Mahmudabad (5 November 1914 – 14 October 1973) was a prominent politician and leader of the All India Muslim League, during the Pakistan Movement.  He was against the partition of India. When the Muslim League passed the resolution at Lahore for a separate Pakistan, he stood against it and formed All India Jamhur Muslim League to counter the move. The first session of this party was held at Muzaffarpur, Bihar. Raja Saheb was elected its President and Dr. Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi as General Secretary.
Later on he changed his mind under the influence of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and supported the idea of a separate Muslim state. He said that "...the idea of a separate Muslim state in India [sic] stirred the imagination of the Muslims as nothing else had done before." Khan migrated to Pakistan. He did not like the political turmoil in Pakistan, so he moved to Iraq and finally to England. He was Director of the Islamic Cultural Centre in London. He died in London in 1973. Later on his descendants went back to live in India.
Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot

Sir **Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot** (1883 - March 28, 1942) was a Punjabi landowner and supporter of the All India Muslim League (AIML) in its demand for a separate Pakistan. In March 1940, he was one of the principal hosts for the AIML's famous Lahore Conference.
Abdullah Haroon

Sir **Abdullah Haroon** (1873–1942) was a Muslim League leader from Sindh province of British India, and active in the Pakistan Movement.
Kensington (disambiguation)

**Kensington** is a district in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. It may also be:

### In Australia

- Kensington, New South Wales
- Kensington, Western Australia
- Kensington, Victoria
    - Kensington railway station, Melbourne
- Kensington, South Australia
- Kensington Gardens, South Australia
- Kensington Park, South Australia

### In Canada

- Kensington, Calgary, a neighbourhood of central Calgary, Alberta
- Kensington Market in Toronto
- Kensington, Prince Edward Island
- Kensington (Edmonton), a neighborhood in Edmonton, Alberta
- Kensington Park (Burnaby), British Columbia

### In New Zealand

- Kensington, New Zealand, a suburb of Dunedin

### In South Africa

- Kensington, Gauteng
- Kensington, Cape Town

### In the United Kingdom

- Kensington, London
    - Kensington (UK Parliament constituency)
    - North Kensington
    - South Kensington
    - West Kensington, London
    - West Kensington tube station
    - Kensington Gardens
    - Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
    - Metropolitan Borough of Kensington
    - Kensington and Chelsea parks and open spaces
    - Kensington Gardens
    - Kensington Palace was the home of Princess Diana
- Kensington, Liverpool

### In the United States

- Kensington, California (San Francisco Bay Area)
- Kensington, San Diego, California
- Kensington, Connecticut
- Kensington, Illinois
- Kensington, Kansas
- Kensington, Maryland
- Kensington, Michigan
- Kensington, Minnesota
- Kensington, New Hampshire
- Kensington, New York (Long Island)
- Kensington, Brooklyn, New York
- Kensington, Ohio
- New Kensington, Pennsylvania
- Kensington, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    - West Kensington, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    - Olde Kensington, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    - Kensington District, Pennsylvania

### London

- Kensington Gore, location of the Royal Albert Hall
- Kensington High Street
- Kensington Road
- Kensington Palace Gardens contains some of the grandest and most expensive houses in the world

### Elsewhere

- Kensington Road, Adelaide

## Other items

Kensington may also be:
- Kensington Books, a publishing company
- Kensington Expressway, an expressway in Buffalo, New York
- Kensington (game), a board game
- Kensington (MARTA station), a passenger rail station in Decatur, Georgia
- Kensington Market, a Canadian musical group
- Kensington, a Dutch musical group
- Kensington Oval, a major cricket stadium located in Bridgetown, Barbados
- Kensington Prairie Elementary School in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
- Kensington Pride (mango), a commercial mango cultivar from Australia.
- The Kensington Runestone, a rune stone found in Minnesota, possibly carved by Viking explorers or a hoax
- Kensington Computer Products Group, a security and computer accessories company
    - their Kensington Security Slot, a slot and lock system for securing computer hardware
- Kensington MARC Station, A Commuter Rail station in Kensington, Maryland
- Kensington/115th Street (Metra), a commuter railroad station in Chicago, Illinois
- KenSingTon, the company who made fake games consoles such as the Vii
Mohammad Akram Khan

_Molana_ **Muhammad Akram Khan** (Arabic: ) (1869–1968) was a Muslim scholar and religious-political figure of British India who supported the Pakistan Movement.
Layer

**Layer** may refer to:

- A layer of archaeological deposits in an excavation
- A layer hen, a hen kept to produce eggs
- Layered clothing, wearing multiple layers of clothing

## Fiction

- Layer, a female Maverick Hunter in the _Mega Man X_ series

## Science

- Stratum, a layer of rock or soil with similar composition
- Thermocline, a layer of temperature within an area of water

### Computing

- Abstraction layer, a way of hiding the specifications of a function
    - OSI model layers
    - Internet protocol suite layers
- 2D computer graphics#Layers, layers in two-dimensional (2D) computer graphics
- Layers (digital image editing), used in digital image editing to separate different elements of an image

### Electronics

- DVD layer, such as in DVD dual layer recording
- Layer (electronics), a single thickness of some material covering a surface
Sadullah Khan Umarzai

**Saadullah Khan Umarzai** (1880-1948) was a Pashtun political figure from the NWFP region of British India and active in the Muslim demand for a separate state of Pakistan.

After his graduation from government college Lahore he appeared for ICS and was later appointed as the City magistrate Peshawar. He was later promoted to the post of District Judge. Being a close associate of Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan Saadullah Khan was entrusted the Task of gathering donations from the Muslim Rajas and Maharajas of India for the acquisition of land for the Islamia College Peshawar.

Sadullah Khan was later nominated as Honorary secretary of the College. A Hostel in the premises of the college has been named in his memory "Saadullah Khan Hostel". After his retirement as the Deputy Commissioner Peshawar he joined the Quaid and the Muslim league for the creation of Pakistan. He was a prominent activist subletting his title of "Khan Bahadur" to the British. As a friend of Maulana Fazal e Wahid of Turangzai he gave financial and moral help when Maulana Sahib fled the British to take refuge in the former Tribal Area of Mommand agency.

When he was the District Judge for Peshawar his relations with the Governor NWFP Metcalf were very  strained over the Chowk e Yadgar incident. He did not want the British Indian Army to handle the turbulent situation.  He wanted the police force to handle the situation.

As a District Judge he would conclude the matter through arbitration. Apparently  Metcalf had panicked.
Malik Barkat Ali

**Malik Barkat Ali** (April 1885 - 5 April 1946) was an Indian politician, lawyer and journalist.

## Early life

Malik was from Lahore, Punjab, British India.

## Career

Ali supported the All India Muslim League. His grandson played cricket for the International Cricket Team of Pakistan and later became the International Team's Manager and ICC referee for Cricket Globally.

His Great Grandson is currently an Assistant Professor with a PhD in Organisational Behaviour, and resides in the United Kingdom.
Cross-dressing

**Cross-dressing** is when someone wears clothes that are commonly associated with the opposite sex.

Cross-dressing is often done to create a transgender identity. It has also been used for disguise, comfort and in the performing arts in modern times and in history. In theatre, a male role played by a woman is called a Breeches role.

A Japanese term and subculture for men who cross-dress as women is _otoko-no-ko_. In the west, young men who do this are sometimes called femboys.

Cross-dressing is sometimes viewed negatively due to going against gender norms, especially in regards to men. Drag queens and kings use cross-dressing to make fun of this.
Riemann sphere

The **Riemann sphere** is a mathematical model of the extended complex plane. The model is named after Bernhard Riemann. The extended complex plane is the plane of the complex numbers, plus a point at infinity. With this model, this point at infinity is "close" to very large numbers in the same way zero is "close" to very small ones. The extended complex numbers are useful for Complex analysis: in certain cases, the division by zero is "well-behaved", in the sense that dividing by zero gives this point at infinity. With this model, it is possible to change certain functions, so that they become continuous, which simplifies calculation.

In geometry, the Riemann sphere is a simple example of a Riemann surface. It is also one of the simplest complex manifolds.
Bawdsey

**Alderton** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 319 people living in Bawdsey. It has a church called St Andrew.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Bawdsey
- **population**: 319
- **shire district**: Suffolk Coastal
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
Blaxhall

**Blaxhall** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 233 people living in Blaxhall. It has a church called St Peter.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Blaxhall
- **population**: 233
- **shire district**: Suffolk Coastal
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
Stereographic projection

In geometry, a **stereographic projection** is a function that maps the points of a sphere onto a plane. The projection is defined on the entire sphere, except for one point, called the _projection point_.

Intuitively, the stereographic projection is a way of picturing a sphere as a plane, with some inevitable compromises. Because the sphere and the plane appear in many areas of mathematics and its applications, so does the stereographic projection; it finds use in diverse fields including complex analysis, cartography, geology, and photography. In practice, the projection is carried out by computer or by hand using a special kind of graph paper called a **stereonet** or **Wulff net**.

A simple example of such a projection, encountered in everyday life is the sun casting a shadow of a globe onto the ground.
Blythburgh

**Blythburgh** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 312 people living in Blythburgh. It has a church called Holy Trinity.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Blythburgh
- **population**: 312
- **shire district**: Suffolk Coastal
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
Boyton, Suffolk

**Boyton** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 154 people living in Boyton. It has a church called St Andrew.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Boyton
- **population**: 154
- **shire district**: Suffolk Coastal
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
Bramfield

**Bramfield** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 369 people living in Bramfield. It has a church called St Andrew.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Bramfield
- **shire district**: Suffolk Coastal
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
Brandeston

**Brandeston** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 278 people living in Brandeston. It has a church called All Saints.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Brandeston
- **population**: 278
- **shire district**: Suffolk Coastal
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
Bredfield

**Bredfield** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 308 people living in Bredfield. It has a church called St Andrew.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Bredfield
- **country**: England
- **region**: East of England
- **population**: 340
- **population ref**: (2011)
- **post town**: Woodbridge
- **postcode area**: IP
- **postcode district**: IP13
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **hide services**: Yes
- **static image**: St.Andrews Church, Bredfield - geograph.org.uk - 1029316.jpg
- **static image width**: 240px
- **static image caption**: St.Andrew's Church, Bredfield
Brightwell, Suffolk

**Brightwell** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 57 people living in Brightwell. It has a church called St John the Baptist.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Brightwell
- **population**: 57
- **shire district**: Suffolk Coastal
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
Bromeswell

**Bromeswell** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 326 people living in Bromeswell. It has a church called St Edmund.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Bromeswell
- **population**: 326
- **shire district**: Suffolk Coastal
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
Bruisyard

**Bruisyard** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 168 people living in Bruisyard. It has a church called St Peter.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Bruisyard
- **population**: 168
- **shire district**: Suffolk Coastal
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
Burgh

**Burgh** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 191 people living in Burgh.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Burgh
- **population**: 191
- **shire district**: Suffolk Coastal
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
Capel St. Andrew

**Capel St. Andrew** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 77 people living in Capel St. Andrew. It once had a church.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Capel St. Andrew
- **population**: 77
- **shire district**: Suffolk Coastal
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England