juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Allobates brunneus

The **Chupada rocket frog** or **sapito ninera del Brasil** (Brazilian caretaker frog) (_Allobates brunneus_) is a frog.  It lives in Bolivia, Brazil, and Colombia. Scientists think it could also live in Peru.

## Body

The adult male frog can be 14.8-18.3 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog can be 15.8-19.8 mm long. The skin of the frog's back can be light gray or orange-brown in color. Sometimes there are marks in the shape of a triangle, rhombus, or hourglass. The tops of the front legs are orange-brown in color. The tops of the back legs are gray in color. There are dark stripes on the legs. The male frog has a yellow-green throat and yellow chest and belly with dark spots. The female frog has a white throat with only some yellow color and a white chest and belly. There is a light brown or orange brown stripe down each side of the body. There is a white stripe from the eye to where the back legs meet the body. Part of the iris of the eye is gold in color with black marks. The rest of the iris of the eye is brown in color.

## Home

In Brazil, this frog lives in places where the Buritizais plants grow. This is a type of forest that has buriti palm trees in it, and it is inside Cerrado swamps.  In other places, the frog lives near lakes and pools of water that does not move in rainforests. Scientists saw the frog between 140 and 380 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in at least two protected parks, Parque Nacional Chapada dos Guimarães and Area de Proteção Ambiental (APA) da Chapada dos Guimarães. Scientists think it could also live in Area de Proteção Ambiental Municipal Aricá-açu.

## Young

The female frog lays her eggs on living leaves that are close to the ground. Sometimes she lays them on new dead leaves on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the adult frog carries the tadpoles to water.

The tadpoles are gray-brown in color with brown and silver marks.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in danger of dying out.  People change the places where the frog lives to make farms (for example big soybean farms), make places for animals to eat grass, and to get wood to make charcoal with, even though taking this wood is against the law. Fires also change the forests. One of the places this frog lives was flooded when people built the Manso Hydroelectrical Plant human-made lake. In some places, people cut down forests to make towns.
Inge Boulonois

**Inge Boulonois**, during her marriage **Inge Breebaart**, (23 September 1945 – 3 December 2024) was a Dutch painter and poet.

## Biography

Boulonois was born in Alkmaar on 23 September 1945. She studied art at the  from 1975 to 1980. Later she studied psychology at the University of Nijmegen and graduated in 1988.

Boulonois started working as an artist. A woodcut and lithograph of her is owned by the art collection of the Province of Gelderland and are in Museum Arnhem. She started working as a poet in 2000. She published her first collection _Ooglijke tijd_ in 2004. She was the city poet of Heerhugowaard from 2011 to 2015. For her poets she received multiple awards"the "Plantage Poëzieprijs" in 2005; "Concept Poëzieprijs" in 2006;  "Guido Wulmsprijs" in 2006, "Culturele Centrale Boontje Poëzieprijs" in 2008, "Poëzieprijs Merendree" in 2009 and the "Nieuwegeinse Poëzieprijs" in 2009. Her last collection _Puntig Licht_ was published in 2022.

Boulonois was married and divorced in 1983. She died in Heerhugowaard on 3 December 2024, at the age of 79 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Inge Boulonois
- **birth place**: Alkmaar, Netherlands
- **death place**: Heerhugowaard, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: painter and poet
Deepak Suman

**Deepak Suman** (Bengali: দীপক সুমন), full name **Deepak Kumar Goswami** (Bengali: দীপক কুমার গোস্বামী), is a Bangladeshi media prsonality, stage and film actor, dubbing artist and director. He is the head of Bangladeshi theater Teerondaz Repertoire. He is mostly known for giving bengali dubbiing voice of Suleiman II in Muhtesem Yuzyil. He acted in many films including Talaash, Lal Moroger Jhuti etc. His notable stage works are Ebong Bidyashagor, Konthonalite Shurjo etc. He is also owner of dubbing studio Platform communications. His notable bengali dubbing directions are Muhtesem Yuzyil for Deepto TV and Muhammad: The Final Legacy for SATV. He was a supporter of 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement and praised for his documentary about Hindu persecution fact-check in post-movement period called "Deepak Kumar Goswami Speaking: Being Hindu in Bangladesh is Not a Black and White Story ". It was premiered at House of Commons of the United Kingdom and SOAS University of London in 21 and 16 May 2025.

## Other websites

- Deepak Suman at BMDB
Rwandan genocide denial

**Rwandan genocide denial** refers to someone thinking that the Rwandan genocide did not happen or was not as bad as it was. Around the world, figures from across the political spectrum have engaged in Rwandan genocide denial. During the Rwandan genocide, around 800,000 Rwandans, mostly Tutsis, were murdered within 100 days. The murderers were Hutu nationalists.

## Timeline

Two notable deniers were David Peterson and American economist Edward S. Herman (1925–2017). In two of their books, they accused the Western media of "selling" the Rwandan genocide as a _genocide_ in order to promote the "economic and intellectual agendas of the U.S." However, what is the fact is that Western media did not pay much attention to the Rwandan genocide.

Edward S. Herman published several books arguing that the Rwandan genocide should not be called a genocide.  He also questioned the confirmed death toll of the Cambodian genocide and Bosnian genocide, which drew criticism.

### 2020s

In December 2024, French-Cameroonian writer Charles Onana was convicted of downplaying the Rwandan genocide. He was ordered to pay €8,400, while his publisher had to pay €5,000, because French laws ban the denial of any genocide recognized by the French government.

## Related pages

- Holocaust denial
- Holodomor denial
- Bosnian genocide denial
- Armenian genocide denial
- Cambodian genocide denial
Hyundai Venue

The **Hyundai Venue** is a subcompact crossover SUV made by Hyundai. It was first launched in 2019 and is positioned below the Hyundai Kona and above the Hyundai Exter in Hyundai's global lineup. The Venue shares its platform with the fifth-generation Hyundai Accent.

## History

The Venue was introduced in May 2019 in India, followed by its launch in other markets such as North America, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. It was developed in two versions: one for the Korean market (codenamed QX or QX1) and another for the Indian market (codenamed QXi), with slight differences in length and wheelbase. than the Korean version.

The Venue was not marketed in Europe due to the introduction of the Hyundai Bayon in 2021.

## Markets

The Hyundai Venue is currently sold in India North America Australia and South Africa New Zealand, Vietnam, and GCC countries.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Hyundai Venue
- **image**: 2022 Hyundai Venue Preferred in Polar White, Front Right, 09-12-2023.jpg
- **caption**: 2022 Hyundai Venue Preferred (Canada)
- **model code**: QX
- **manufacturer**: Hyundai Motor Company, Hyundai
- **production**: 2019–present
- **model years**: 2020–present (North America)
2024–present (Middle East)
- **designer**: Chan-Hee Lee, Duck-Hyun Hwang and Goo Lee
- **class**: Subcompact crossover SUV
- **body style**: 5-door Sport utility vehicle, SUV
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
- **platform**: Hyundai-Kia K2 platform, Hyundai-Kia K2
- **related**: Hyundai Accent#HC, Hyundai Accent (HC)
Kia Sonet
- **wheelbase**: (QX)
 (QXi)
- **length**: (QX)
 (QXi)
- **height**: (QX)
 (QXi)
- **weight**: (QX)
 (QXi)
Cedar Rapids metropolitan area, Iowa

The **Cedar Rapids Metropolitan Area**, as defined under the United States Census Bureau, is an area with three counties in East Central Iowa. The largest city is Cedar Rapids which is also the seat of Linn County. The 2020 Census had the population at more than 276,520 in the Metro overall.

The Cedar Rapids Metro Area is part of a combined statistical area with the Iowa City metropolitan area. The Iowa City and Cedar Rapids Metro area is usually marketed as "The Corridor" (that refers to the Interstate 380 Corridor).

## The area counties

- Benton
- Jones
- Linn

### Places with more than 100,000 people living there

- Cedar Rapids (Principal city)

### Places with 30,000 to 50,000 people

- Marion

### Places with 5,000 to 30,000 people living there

- Hiawatha
- Anamosa

### Places with 1,000 to 5,000 people

- Atkins
- Belle Plaine
- Cascade (partial)
- Center Point
- Central City
- Ely
- Fairfax
- Lisbon
- Monticello
- Mount Vernon
- Palo
- Robins
- Springville
- Urbana
- Vinton
- Walford

### Places with 500 to 1,000 people

- Alburnett
- Blairstown
- Coggon
- Keystone
- Newhall
- Olin
- Shellsburg
- Van Horne
- Walker
- Wyoming
- Swisher
Hyundai Santa Cruz

The **Hyundai Santa Cruz** is a four-door compact Pickup truck manufactured and marketed by Hyundai. Released in 2021 for the 2022 model year, it is the first four-door pickup truck offered by Hyundai in the North American market. The Santa Cruz is built on the platform of the Hyundai Tucson crossover SUV and features a unibody chassis design.

## History

The concept version of the Santa Cruz was first introduced at the 2015 North American International Auto Show. while The production model debuted in April 2021 and was marketed as a "Sport Adventure Vehicle." The Santa Cruz shares its platform, project code, and dashboard design with the fourth-generation Hyundai Tucson, with the production model being assembled in Montgomery, Alabama.

In 2024, Hyundai revealed a facelifted version of the Santa Cruz.

## Markets

The Hyundai Santa Cruz is sold only in the United States and Canada.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Hyundai Santa Cruz
- **image**: 2023 Hyundai Santa Cruz SEL Premium, front left, 02-05-2022.jpg
- **caption**: 2023 Hyundai Santa Cruz SEL Premium
- **manufacturer**: Hyundai Motor Company, Hyundai
- **model code**: NX4a OB
- **production**: June 2021 – present
- **model years**: 2022–present
- **assembly**: United States: Montgomery, Alabama (Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama, HMMA)
- **class**: Pickup_truck#Compact_pickup_truck, Compact pickup truck
- **body style**: 4-door pickup truck, pickup
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
Front-engine, all-wheel-drive (HTRAC)
- **platform**: Hyundai-Kia N platforms, Hyundai-Kia N3
- **chassis**: Unibody
- **related**: Hyundai Tucson#NX4, Hyundai Tucson (NX4)
- **transmission**: 8-speed _List of Hyundai transmissions#A8F27, A8F27_ automatic transmission, automatic
8-speed _List of Hyundai transmissions#D8LF1, D8LF1_ dual-clutch transmission, dual-clutch automatic
- **sp**: us
Allobates kingsburyi

**Kingbury's rocket frog** (_Allobates kingsburyi_) is a species of frog that lives in Ecuador.

## Description

The adult male frog is 16.3–20.3 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 18.8–22.2 mm long.

The skin of the frog's back is brown with a cream-colored line down each side of the body. The sides of the body are black and the eardrum is brown. There is a cream-yellow line on each side of the body from the eye to the mouth.

The tops of the front legs are brown with small lines. The tops of the back legs are also brown, but have darker marks. On the belly, the male frog has dark marks, but the female does not. The iris of the eye is black with some gold.

Frogs that are not adults yet have wider stripes than adults do.

## Name

G.A. Boulenger named this frog after an assistant who was killed in Palestine in 1918.

## Home

This frog lives on the dead leaves on the ground in forests that have never been cut down and in forests that were destroyed and are growing back. Scientists saw the frog from  meters above sea level.

Some of the places this frog lives are protected parks: Parque Nacional Sangay, Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Parque Nacional Llanganates, and Parque Nacional Cayambe Coca.

## Young

Scientists think the female frog lays her eggs on the ground and that the males carry the tadpoles to streams after the eggs hatch.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in danger of dying out. They think the frogs might even all be dead now.

The frog's natural environment has shrunk because people destroy its habitat to make farms, to make places for animals to eat grass, and to get wood to build with.
Iowa City metropolitan area

The **Iowa City Metropolitan Region Area**, as defined under the United States Census Bureau, is a metro region in East Central Iowa with two main counties. They're Johnson and Washington counties. The former has Iowa City being the county seat and most people living there. According to reports, as of December 31, 2023, the Metro Area had more than 180,000 people living there.

## Communities

- **Places with more than 50,000 inhabitants**
    - Iowa City (Principal city)

- **Places with 5,000 to 50,000 inhabitants**
    - Coralville
    - North Liberty, at 20%, fastest growing city in Johnson County (2010-2017)
    - Washington, Iowa

- **Places with 1,000 to 5,000 inhabitants**
    - Kalona
    - Lone Tree
    - Riverside
    - Solon
    - Tiffin
    - Wellman
    - West Branch (partial)
    - University Heights
- **Places with 500 to 1,000 inhabitants**
    - Ainsworth
    - Brighton
    - Hills
    - Oxford
    - Shueyville
    - Swisher

- **Places with less than 500 inhabitants**
    - Coppock (partial)
    - Crawfordsville
    - West Chester
Yangwang

**Yangwang Auto** is a Chinese brand of luxury electric cars. It is owned by BYD Auto and sold by Shenzhen Yangwang Auto Sales Co., Ltd. The brand was introduced in January 2023. Yangwang cars are priced over CN¥1 million (about US$140,000) in China and compete with luxury European brands. As of 2024, Yangwang is positioned above other BYD brands, Denza and Fangchengbao.

## History

The Brand was introduced by BYD in 2023 as a Luxury brand and Yangwang cars are mainly sold in China Yangwang is also the first brand to use BYD's unique "e4" (易四方) platform, which features individual wheel drive (IWD) technology. This platform allows each wheel to be driven independently, The Yangwang logo represents the Chinese character for "lightning" or "electricity" in an ancient writing style.

## Models

- Yangwang U7 — battery electric luxury sedan (upcoming in 2024 or 2025)
- Yangwang U8 — range extended electric off-road capable SUV (2023–present)
- Yangwang U9 — battery electric supercar (2024–present)

## Infobox (chinese)

- **child**: yes
- **s**: 仰望
- **t**: 仰望
- **p**: Yǎngwàng
- **w**: yang3-wang4
- **mi**: /jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ wɑŋ⁵¹/
- **y**: yéuhng mohng
- **j**: joeng5 mong6
- **poj**: giáng-bōng
- **l**: look up; admire
- **order**: st


## Infobox (brand)

- **name**: Yangwang Auto
- **producttype**: Automobiles
- **currentowner**: BYD Auto
- **country**: China
- **introduced**: 2023
- **markets**: China
Topeka metropolitan area, Kansas

The **Topeka Metropolitan Area**, as defined under the United States Census Bureau, is a region of five counties in Northeastern Kansas. 2024 reports represent Topeka, the largest city within the metro area, had almost 125,160 people living there. The 2020 Census reported just under 126,500 people living in the Topeka area.

## The counties

- Jackson
- Jefferson
- Osage
- Shawnee
- Wabaunsee

### Places with more than 100,000 inhabitants

- Topeka (Principal city)

### Places with 1,000 to 5,000 inhabitants

- Auburn
- Carbondale
- Holton
- Lyndon
- Osage City
- Oskaloosa
- Overbrook
- Rossville
- Silver Lake
- Valley Falls

### Places with 500 to 1,000 inhabitants

- Alma
- Burlingame
- Eskridge
- Hoyt
- Maple Hill
- McLouth
- Meriden
- Nortonville
- Ozawkie
- Perry
- Scranton
- Winchester

### Places with less than 500 inhabitants

- Alta Vista
- Circleville
- Delia
- Denison
- Harveyville
- Mayetta
- McFarland
- Melvern
- Olivet
- Paxico
- Quenemo
- Soldier
- Whiting
- Willard
Shoe polish

**Shoe polish**, also known as **boot polish** and **shoeshine**, is a waxy paste, cream, or liquid that is used to polish, shine, and waterproof leather shoes or boots. This is done to extend the footwear's lifespan and restore its appearance. Shoe polishes are distinguished by their textures, which range from liquids to hard waxes. Solvent, waxes, and colorants comprise most shoe polishes.Shoe polishes have been around since the Middle Ages. Originally made with dubbin, they were only used to soften leather and weather proof shoes, they did not shine shoes.  Shoe shining became popular in early 20th century. This  that arose during the early 1900s led to many shoe polish formulas being incorporated with a shining agent.
Osage City, Kansas

**Osage City** is a city in Osage County, Kansas. The 2020 United States Census had the population at or near 2,861.

Osage City was incorporated in early April 1872.
Shankar Mahadevan

**Shankar Mahadevan** is an Indian singer and composer. He is famous for singing in many Indian languages and creating music for movies. He is part of the music trio called Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy, which also includes Ehsaan Noorani and Loy Mendonsa. Together, they make music for Bollywood films and other projects.

## Early Life

Shankar Mahadevan was born on March 3, 1967, in Chembur, Mumbai, India. He grew up in a Tamil family. From a young age, Shankar loved music. He learned classical music and played the veena, a traditional Indian instrument. He also studied Western classical music and jazz.

Shankar went to school in Mumbai and later studied software engineering. He worked as a software engineer before deciding to follow his passion for music.

## Career

Shankar became popular in 1998 with his song "Breathless." The song was unique because it sounded like it was sung in one breath. It became very famous and made him a star.

In 1999, Shankar teamed up with Ehsaan Noorani and Loy Mendonsa to form the music trio Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy. They composed music for many Bollywood movies like:

- Kandukondain Kandukondain (2000)
- Dil Chahta Hai (2001)
- Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003)
- Taare Zameen Par (2007)
- Rock On!! (2008)
- Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2011)

Their music is known for mixing Indian and Western styles.

Shankar is also a playback singer. This means he sings songs that actors lip-sync to in movies. He has sung many hit songs in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and other languages.

## Awards

Shankar Mahadevan has won many awards for his music, including:

- National Film Awards
- Filmfare Awards
- IIFA Awards

He is loved by fans for his powerful voice and creative music.

## Other Work

Shankar Mahadevan also started the Shankar Mahadevan Academy. It is an online music school where people can learn Indian music from anywhere in the world. He teaches both beginners and advanced students.

## Personal Life

Shankar is married and has two sons. His son Siddharth Mahadevan is also a singer and composer.

## Legacy

Shankar Mahadevan is one of India’s most talented and respected musicians. He continues to inspire people with his songs and dedication to music.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Shankar Mahadevan
- **birth date**: March 3, 1967
- **birth place**: Chembur, Mumbai,India
- **death date**: 8 June 2016
- **occupation**: Singer and Composer
Shreya Ghoshal

**Shreya Ghoshal** is an Indian playback singer. She is famous for singing songs in many Indian languages like Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Bengali. She is one of the most popular and successful singers in India.

## Early Life

Shreya Ghoshal was born on March 12, 1984, in Murshidabad, West Bengal, India. Her family later moved to Rawatbhata, Rajasthan. Shreya started learning music when she was four years old. Her mother taught her to sing, and she later learned Indian classical music.

When Shreya was sixteen, she won the TV singing competition Sa Re Ga Ma. This gave her the chance to become a playback singer in Bollywood.

## Career

Shreya Ghoshal's first big break came in 2002 when she sang in the movie Devdas. Her songs "Dola Re Dola" and "Bairi Piya" became very popular. She won many awards for her performance, including the National Film Award.

Since then, Shreya has sung thousands of songs for movies and albums. Some of her famous songs are:

- "Dola Re Dola" from Devdas
- "Barso Re" from Guru
- "Deewangi Deewangi", "Main Agar Kahoon", and "Dhoom Thana" from Om Shanti Om
- "Teri Ore" from Singh Is Kinng
- "Deewani Mastani" from Bajirao Mastani
- "Samjhawan" from Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania
- "Tum Kya Mile" and "Ve Kamleya" from Rocky Aur Rani Ki Prem Kahani
- "Ghar More Pardesiya" from Kalank
- "Sunn Raha Hai Tu" from Aashiqui 2
- "Param Sundari" from Mimi

She is known for her sweet and melodious voice. Shreya has worked with many top music directors and composers.

## Awards

Shreya Ghoshal has won many awards, including:

- National Film Awards
- Filmfare Awards
- IIFA Awards

She has also been honored by several states in India and international organizations for her contribution to music.

## Other Work

Shreya has performed in concerts all over the world. She is also a judge on TV singing shows like **Indian Idol** and **Voice of India**. She has her wax statue in the Madame Tussauds Museum in Delhi.

## Personal Life

Shreya Ghoshal is married to Shiladitya Mukhopadhyaya. They got married in 2015. In 2021, they had a son named Devyaan.

## Legacy

Shreya Ghoshal is one of India’s most loved singers. Her voice and talent have inspired many young singers. She continues to sing and make beautiful music for her fans.
2024 San Fernando Airport runway excursion

On 18 December 2024, a Bombardier Challenger 300 aircraft, registration LV-GOK from Punta del Este, Uruguay, suffered an excursion and went off the runway while trying to land at the San Fernando International Airport in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, colliding with the front of a home in a neighborhood bordering the airport.

## Background

On 18 December 2024, a Bombardier Challenger 300 jet, registered as LV-GOK and originating from Punta del Este, Uruguay, overran the runway while attempting to land at San Fernando International Airport in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The aircraft subsequently collided with the front of a residential property located in a neighborhood adjacent to the airport.

As a result of the accident, both pilots died, their identities being known as Martín Fernández Loza, 44 years old, and Agustín Orforte, 35, the only crew members who were on board. It was also learned that the aircraft was owned by the family of Jorge Pablo Brito, president of Banco Macro and president of the River Plate Club.

At the moment of impact, a fire broke out that was put out by firefighters from the Federal Police based in San Fernando, who upon arriving at the scene along with members of the Airport Security Police (PSA), verified the presence of two charred bodies. inside what remained of the ship's fuselage. It was also learned that both pilots had plenty of experience.

## Infobox (aircraft occurrence)

- **name**: 2024 San Fernando Airport runway excursion
- **image**: LV-GOK Bombardier Challenger 300, London Stansted, 1 June 2024.jpg
- **image upright**: 1.15
- **caption**: LV-GOK, the aircraft involved in the accident
- **occurrence type**: Accident
- **summary**: Runway excursion; under investigation
- **site**: San Fernando International Airport, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **aircraft type**: Bombardier Challenger 300
- **operator**: New Lines SA
- **tail number**: LV-GOK
- **origin**: Capitán de Corbeta Carlos A. Curbelo International Airport, Punta del Este, Uruguay
- **destination**: San Fernando International Airport, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **occupants**: 2
- **crew**: 2
- **fatalities**: 2
- **survivors**: 0
Punta del Este

**Punta del Este** is a seaside city and peninsula on the Atlantic Coast in the Maldonado Department of southeastern Uruguay. Starting as a small town, Punta del Este grew to become a resort for the Latin and North American jet set and tourists.

The city has been called "The Monaco of the South", "The Pearl of the Atlantic", "The Hamptons of South America", "The Miami Beach of South America", or "The St. Tropez of South America".

In addition to international film festivals, top-notch gastronomy and hospitality, the region has protected nature reserves such as Isla de Lobos, La Isla Gorriti, La Barra, or the Lussich Arboretum.

The most popular attractions in the area are the giant sculpture **La Mano** (_The Hand_), the Santorini-style complex: Casapueblo, the Garzón Bridge designed by Rafael Viñoly, and the Museum of the Sea. Punta del Este has a permanent population of 12,400 inhabitants, but reaches up to 450,000 residents and visitors in the high season. It is one of the centers of the Maldonado suburb, with a population of 135,400 people.

### Location

The city is located on the intersection of Route 10 with Route 39, southeast of the department capital **Maldonado** and about  east of Montevideo.

### Climate

Punta del Este has an oceanic climate (_Cfb_, according to the Köppen climate classification), with pleasant summers and cool winters. Because of the average temperature of the hottest month near 22 °C (71.6 °F), the climate is close to a humid subtropical climate (_Cfa_). It is similar to southeastern Australia. The precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year, with an average of . The hottest month, February, has an average temperature of , and the coldest month, July, has an average of . The average yearly temperature is .

## Other websites

- Official site of Punta del Este municipality

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Punta del Este
- **settlement type**: City
- **pushpin map**: Southern Uruguay#Uruguay
- **pushpin label position**: top
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Uruguay
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Departament
- **subdivision name1**: Maldonado
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1860
- **leader party**: National Party (Uruguay), NP
- **leader title**: Mayor (Alcalde)
- **leader name**: Javier Carballal
- **area total km2**: 20.35
- **population as of**: 2011 Census
- **population total**: 12423
- **population demonym**: _puntaesteño_ (m)
_puntaesteña_ (f)
- **blank1 name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank1 info**: Oceanic climate, Cfb
- **timezone**: UTC−3
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 20100
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Uruguay, Dial code
- **area code**: +598 42 (+6 digits)
Punta del Este International Airport

**Capitán de Corbeta Carlos A. Curbelo International Airport** () , also known by its former official name of **Laguna del Sauce International Airport**, and as **Punta del Este International Airport** is an airport located on Laguna del Sauce, Maldonado department, Uruguay, about 20 km northwest of the Punta del Este peninsula. The main runway is 2,133 m long and 45 m wide, and is capable of receiving medium-sized aircraft, such as Boeing 737 and Airbus A320.

## History

In 1946, the Navy began to study the possibility of establishing an air-naval base on Laguna del Sauce. The nation's military dominance was strongly tied to its ability to effectively develop and operate giant seaplanes.

The technical reports determined that a base located on Laguna del Sauce would ensure Uruguay's control of the coast that extended from Montevideo to Arroyo Chuy. Naval Air Base No. 2 was named Lieutenant Commander Carlos Curbelo, head of the Navy Aeronautical Service, who had died in operation in 1942.

The Uruguayan State did not have the necessary financial resources to ensure the maintenance of the Airport, nor to renovate the facilities that had been used since the 1950s. In 1991, the acting government called for an international public tender to award the operation and maintenance, under a public works concession regime, of the air terminal.

The public works concession contract was signed on December 9, 1991. Consorcio Aeropuertos Internacionales S.A. It began operating the Punta del Este air terminal on December 24, 1993. From that moment on, it took charge of the provision of all services.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Capitán de Corbeta Carlos A. Curbelo International Airport
- **image**: Aeropuerto_Punta_del_Este.png
- **image-width**: 250
- **iata**: PDP
- **icao**: SULS
- **type**: Public/Military
- **operator**: Aeropuertos Uruguay
- **city-served**: Punta del Este
- **location**: Piriápolis, Maldonado Department, Maldonado, Uruguay
- **elevation-f**: 95
- **pushpin map**: Uruguay
- **pushpin label**: **PDP**
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Uruguay
- **metric-rwy**: yes
- **r1-number**: 01/19
- **r1-length-m**: 1606
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **r2-number**: 08/26
- **r2-length-m**: 2130
- **r2-surface**: Asphalt
- **stat-year**: 2018
- **stat1-header**: Passengers
- **stat1-data**: 165.960
- **stat2-header**: Aircraft Operations
- **stat3-header**: Metric tonnes of cargo
- **footnotes**: Sources: WAD
Naim's Bundelkhand Expedition

After capturing Etawah in 1773 Shuja ud Daula planned an expedition of Bundelkhand supported by the Rana of Gohad who was given the title of "Son" by Nawab he sent Naim Khan and Fazal Ali Khan to Bundelkhand. The Invaders met the Maratha Forces at Kapli.

The strong force of 30000 under Naim Khan clashed with 2700 Marathas under Gangadhar Pant Bundele and Balaji Pant Bundele the sons of late Govind Pant Bundele inspite of outnumbered the Marathas defeated the enemy and made them flee accross Yamuna.

## Battle

After Shuja conquered Etawah, his wazir invited Rana Madeo Singh from Gohad to join his service. Together, they planned a campaign to capture Kalpi and nearby areas, which were still controlled by the Marathas. At the time, the Marathas in the north were isolated due to internal conflicts in Pune and had little support. The wazir also formed an alliance with the Rana of Gohad, who visited Etawah and was given the honorary title of "son."

Once preparations were finished, Naim Khan, a commander under Sabit Khan, was chosen to lead the campaign. He was given the title Naim-ud-Daulah Sabit Jung and sent with Rene Madec at the head of an army of 30,000 soldiers, including cavalry and infantry. News of their large force spread, causing panic among Gangadhar and Balaji, the sons of Govind Pant Bundele, who were defending Kalpi. They abandoned the fort and retreated further into the countryside.

When the invading army arrived, the Marathas decided to fight near Kalpi. Despite being heavily outnumbered – with only 2,700 soldiers against 30,000 the Marathas managed to defeat Naim Khan’s forces and forced them to retreat across the Jamuna River.

## Aftermath

Despite help from the Rana of Gohad, Naim retreated in great confusion, which angered the wazir. The wazir was so upset that he briefly considered executing Naim by blowing him from a cannon and personally leading an attack on Bundelkhand to punish Govind Pant's sons for their boldness. However, this plan was abandoned because it was urgent to focus on defeating Rohillakhand. Naim was forgiven, and Basant, along with his troops, was sent across the Jamuna River to take control of Ater and stop the Bundelas from causing trouble in the wazir's territory after their recent victory. Basant successfully completed the mission and returned to the wazir before the Rohillakhand campaign ended.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Kalpi (1774)
- **date**: 1773–1774 A.D
- **partof**: Shuja-ud-Daula's Occupation of Rohillakhand
- **place**: Kalpi ( Uttar Pradesh, Modern day India)
- **result**: Maratha Empire, Maratha victory
- **combatant1**:  Nawab of Awadh
- **combatant2**:  Maratha Empire
- **commander1**:  Shuja-ud-Daula
 Naim Khan
 Fazal Ali Khan
 René Medec
- **commander2**:  Gangadhar Bundele
 Balaji Pant Bundele
- **strength1**: 30000
- **strength2**: 2700
- **image**: File:Shuja-ud-daula, Nawab of Oudh.tif
Freedom Caucus

The **Freedom Caucus**, also known as the **House Freedom Caucus**, is a congressional caucus. It includes Republican members of the United States House of Representatives.

## History

The caucus started during the mid–January 2015 Republican congressional retreat in Hershey, Pennsylvania. Founding member Mick Mulvaney said, "that was the first time we got together and decided we were a group, and not just a bunch of pissed-off guys". Nine conservative Republican members of the House began planning a new congressional caucus separate from the Republican Study Committee and the House Republican Conference. The first board of directors for the new caucus were Republican representatives Scott Garrett of New Jersey, Jim Jordan of Ohio, John Fleming of Louisiana, Matt Salmon of Arizona, Justin Amash of Michigan, Raúl Labrador of Idaho, Mulvaney of South Carolina, Ron DeSantis of Florida and Mark Meadows of North Carolina.

## Other websites

- https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/01/23/freedom-caucus-likely-to-play-a-bigger-role-in-new-gop-led-house-so-who-are-they/
- https://www.legistorm.com/organization/summary/128166/House_Freedom_Caucus.html
Federalist Era

The **Federalist Era** in American history ran from 1788 to 1800, during which the **Federalist Party** was dominant in American politics. Federalists controlled Congress and enjoyed the support of Presidents George Washington and John Adams. The **Federalist Party** was a conservative political party that supported the federal system of government, where power was shared between the national and state governments.

## Infobox (historical era)

- **name**: Federalist Era
- **location**: United States
- **start**: 1788
- **end**: 1800
- **image**: Washington's inauguration at Philadelphia cph.3g12011.jpg
- **alt**: _Washington's Inauguration at Philadelphia_ by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris, 1932
- **caption**: _Washington's Inauguration at Philadelphia_ by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris, 1932
- **before**: Confederation period
- **after**: Jeffersonian democracy, Jeffersonian Era
- **leaders**: George Washington
John Adams
Alexander Hamilton
John Jay
- **key events**: Whiskey Rebellion
Quasi-War
Jay Treaty
Northwest Indian War
United States Bill of Rights, Bill of Rights
Alien and Sedition Acts
Bank Bill of 1791
Coinage Act of 1792
Battle of Purana Qila

A major battle took place on 17 December 1772 at Purana Qila, Delhi, between Emperor Shah Alam II and the Marathas, led by Visaji Krishna and Tukoji.

The Emperor's forces included European-trained soldiers and artillery led by Rene Madec. However, the Marathas won due to their better leadership. After the battle, the Marathas looted Ghazi-ud-din's mansion, taking valuable goods, about 40 horses, and a few elephants. They also captured two elephants near Delhi Gate and looted Sadullah Khan's market.

## Prelude

In 1772, the Ruhelas allied with Shuja for protection, angering the Marathas. While Tukoji wanted war, Visaji sought peace. The Marathas tried to break Zabita Khan’s alliance with Shuja by offering him forgiveness and the position of chief Bakhshi. However, Emperor Shah Alam II, wary of British power, rejected their plans to attack Oudh and Bihar or appoint Zabita as chief Bakhshi.

## Battle

This upset the Marathas, who were already unhappy as the Mughal emperor Shah Alam, had not paid them money promised in the 1771 treaty. Shah Alam, in turn, was angry with the Marathas because they had taken most of the treasures, especially cash and jewels, during their recent campaign in Rohilkhand. These disagreements led to a battle near Purana Qila, outside Delhi, on December 17. The emperor's forces, led by Najaf Khan and a French officer named Madec, were defeated and forced to retreat.

After this defeat, Shah Alam II had no choice but to sue for peace with the Marathas. He agreed to their demands, which included making Zabita Khan the chief of the army, returning Zabita’s family estate, and giving the Marathas control of the Kora and Allahabad districts. An important result of this victory was the collapse of Najaf Khan’s personal army. Najaf then submitted to the Marathas and joined their army in the Deccan, earning a salary of 3,000 rupees per day.

## Aftermath

The Mughal emperor decided it was no longer unwise to allow an invasion of Oudh and Bihar. After a new peace agreement, he ordered Munir, who was in charge of Kora and Allahabad, to hand these areas over to the Marathas. On February 2, 1773, the Maratha forces, led by Visaji and Tukoji, left Delhi and entered the Doab region. They sent messages to the Rohillas, asking for the payment they had promised in January 1771, and to Shuja, requesting the transfer of Kora and Allahabad.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Purana Qila
- **place**: Purana Qila (Delhi, modern day India)
- **date**: 17 December 1772
- **territory**: Allahabad and Kora ceded to Marathas with fulfilment of all the others demands.
- **result**: Maratha Empire, Maratha victory
- **combatant1**:  Mughal Empire
- **combatant2**:  Maratha Empire
 Kingdom of Rohillakhand
- **commander1**:  Shah Alam II
 Najaf Khan
 René Madec
- **commander2**:  Tukoji Holkar
 Visaji Krushnaji
 Zabita Khan
Good Night (movie)

***Good Night*** is a Brazilian film by actor-director Paulo Leão. It was set in 2023. It is entirely in black & white and without dialogue. This is Leão's first attempt at the horror genre.

## Synopsis

During the night, strange sounds surround the home. The homeowner must deal with the situation. They will also face the possible results.

## Launch and career

Released in 2023, in a reduced version at the Festival Internacional do Minuto.

In 2024, the extended version of the film **Good Night** was selected for the official selection of the _Black & White Film Festival_ in Toronto, Canada. It won the Award for _Best Horror Film_.

Also in 2024, still in Canada, **Good Night** was awarded _The Best of South American Films_ at the Toronto SCI-FI/Fantasy Festival.

## Production and Cast

The production of **Good Night** follows the independent film style widely used by director Paulo Leão, where he combines the roles of actor, director, and screenwriter.

Official Selections:

- International One Minute Festival 2023 - Brazil
- Black & White Film Festival 2024 - Canada
- Toronto Fantasy/SCI-Fi Film & Screenplay Festival 2024 - Canada
- Lift-Off Sessions 2024 - United Kingdom
- Shortverse 2024 - Short Film Platform - streaming
- Hollywood North International Film Festival 2025 - Canada
- Lift-Off Filmmakers Sessions 2025 - UK
- B-More Horror Fest 2025 - USA
- Midnight Monster Club Short Film Festival - USA

## Awards and nominations

|Year|Award|Category|Position|Result|Ref||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="4"|2024|Black & White Film Festival - March 2024|Best Horror Film Award|Finalist|||
|Black & White Film Festival - March 2024|Best Horror Film Award|Finalist|||||
|Toronto SCI-FI/Fantasy Festival - April 2024|Audience Awards|Finalist|||||
|Toronto SCI-FI/Fantasy Festival - April 2024|Best of South American Films|Finalist|||||
|rowspan="3"|2025|Hollywood North International Film Festival|Best Director - Public Choice Award|Finalist|||
|Hollywood North International Film Festival|Best Film - Public Choice Award|Finalist|||||
|B-More Horror Fest|Honorable Mention|Finalist|||||

## Infobox (movie)

- **image**: Good Night film by Paulo Leão.png
- **caption**: Good Night poster
- **director**: Paulo Leão (artist), Paulo Leão
- **writer**: Paulo Leão
- **starring**: Paulo Leão
- **color process**: black and white
- **studio**: OlharFilmes/Samsara Film
- **distributor**: OlharFilmes/Samsara Film
- **released**: August 13, 2024
- **runtime**: 6
- **country**: Brazil
Claude AI

**Claude AI** is a type of chatbot developed by Anthropic. It is designed to engage in natural language interactions and assist with various tasks including answering questions, writing, analysis, and coding.

"Anthropic [company] agrees to pay $1.5 billion to settle" a lawsuit by writers, according to media (September 2025).

## Technology

Claude AI uses large language models (LLMs) based on the transformer architecture. These are big computer programs that learn from a lot of text to understand and create human-like language.

As of March 2024, the available models were:

- Claude 3 Opus: Anthropic's most capable model, designed for complex tasks requiring deep analysis and expertise
- Claude 3 Sonnet: A balanced model optimized for both performance and efficiency
- Claude 3 Haiku: A faster model designed for shorter, straightforward interactions

Anthropic designed Claude AI with a focus on safety and ethics, using a method called **Constitutional AI**. This ensures the chatbot aligns with principles that prioritize helpfulness, harmlessness, and honesty.

## Features and capabilities

Claude AI offers several key functionalities:
- Text processing: Can engage in conversations, writing, and analysis
- Image understanding: Ability to perceive and analyze images
- Constitutional AI: Incorporates ethical principles and safety measures in its design
- File analysis: Can process and analyze various document formats including PDFs and text documents
- Multilingual capabilities: Supports interaction in multiple languages, including less common ones

## Technical characteristics

Claude AI has several notable technical features:
- Large context window: Capable of processing up to 200,000 tokens (approximately 150,000–200,000 words) at once
- No real-time Internet access: Relies on its training data rather than live web access
- Regular updates: Receives periodic updates to its capabilities and knowledge base

## Access and subscription plans

Claude AI is accessible through:
- Web interface: Available at claude.ai
- API: For developers to integrate Claude into applications
- Third-party integrations: Available through various platform partnerships

Subscription options include:
- Free Access: Allows users limited prompts each day
- Claude Pro: Paid subscription, provides access to more prompts, early access to new features, and enhanced capabilities like file uploads for analysis
- Claude API (for developers): Pay-per-use pricing, scales based on usage

## Other websites

- ZDNet: 4 Things Claude AI Can Do That ChatGPT Can't
- Notta: Claude AI vs ChatGPT
- ClickUp: Claude vs ChatGPT

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Claude AI
- **developer**: Anthropic
- **released**: 2023
- **latest release version**: Claude 3 (Opus, Sonnet, Haiku)
- **latest release date**: March 4, 2024
- **operating system**: Web-based
- **platform**: Web browser, API
- **language**: Multiple languages
- **genre**: Artificial intelligence
Large language model
Chatbot
- **license**: Proprietary
Threads of Life

***Threads of Life*** is the fifth studio album by American heavy metal band Shadows Fall. The album was released on April 3, 2007.

## Track listing

1. "Redemption" – 4:17
1. "Burning the Lives" – 4:04
1. "Storm Winds" – 4:50
1. "Failure of the Devout" – 5:25
1. "Venomous" – 3:31
1. "Another Hero Lost" – 4:04
1. "Final Call" – 6:48
1. "Dread Uprising" – 4:14
1. "The Great Collapse" – 1:38
1. "Just Another Nightmare" – 4:55
1. "Forevermore" – 5:21

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Threads of Life
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Shadows Fall
- **released**: April 3, 2007
- **recorded**: September 2006
- **studio**: Studio 606 (Northridge, Los Angeles, Northridge, California)
- **genre**: Metalcore, thrash metal, death metal
- **length**: 49:07
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **producer**: Nick Raskulinecz
- **prev title**: The War Within
- **prev year**: 2004
- **next title**: Retribution
- **next year**: 2009
Pim Wiersinga

**Pim Wiersinga** (24 March 1954 – 3 December 2024) was a Dutch writer.

## Biography

Wiersinga was born in 1954. He started with writing already during his studies. He debuted while studying in 1992 with the book _Honingvogels_. He was offered to use the book as an exam paper for his studies, but he refused to do that according to the director of his school because he preferred to stay in school to continue learning. His book was advertised in national newspapers and he started giving readings. The book was nominated in February 1993 for the AKO Literatuurprijs. In 1995 he published the book _Gracchanten_, a 616-page book set in classical antiquity about the Gracchi brothers. He told about the book in the Radio 5 programm _Ophef en Vertier_. His last published novels are _Het paviljoen van de vergeten concubines_ from 2014, _Eleonora en de liefde_ from 2016 and _Zena’s Arena_ from 2022. He was working on a novel in verse _Nausikaä en de grote goden_, that was scheduled to be published in 2025.

Wiersinga died in his hometown Rotterdam unexpectedly while sleeping on 3 December 2024, at the age of 70 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Pim Wiersinga
- **death place**: Rotterdam, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: writer
Jacqueline Siu

**Jacqueline Wing Ying Siu**  (born 8 December 1982) is an dressage rider from Hong Kong. She is the first equestrian to win a gold medal in the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta.

## Early life and career

Jacqueline was born in Hong Kong. She started riding horses when she was five years old. When Siu was ten, she moved to England with her family. She kept on riding horses and raced for Great Britain at the European Youth Championships. In 2005, she started to race under the Hong Kong flag. Siu started to compete at a higher level and later moved to the Netherlands. In the Netherlands, Siu started training with Anky van Grunsven.

Siu was at the Doha 2006, Guangzhou 2010, Incheon 2014, 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia, and the Hangzhou 2022. In 2018, she also was in the World Equestrian Games in Tryon.

## Related pages

- Caroline Chew
- Yui Hasegawa
- Mana Iwabuchi

## Infobox (equestrian)

- **image**: Bolesworth-2018-P2-1376-e1535022906754.jpg
- **full name**: Jacqueline Wing Ying Siu
- **other names**: Jackie
- **nationality**: Hong Kong
Breaking the Habit (song)

**Breaking the Habit (song)** is a song by American rock band Linkin Park. It is the ninth track from their second studio album, Meteora.

## Sources

- Official Charts Company
Numb/Encore

**Numb/Encore** is a song collaboration by musicians, Jay-Z and Linkin Park.

## Sources

- Spotify
When Love Takes Over

**"When Love Takes Over"** is a 2009 song by DJ David Guetta and singer Kelly Rowland.
Disturbia (song)

**Disturbia (song)** is a hit song by singer, Rihanna from Good girl Gone bad reloaded album.

Amazon French
Nazi Lowriders

The **Nazi Lowriders**, **NLR** or **the Ride**, are a neo-Nazi, white supremacist organized crime syndicate, prison gang and street gang in Southern California, United States.

## Other websites

- Anti-Defamation League
Syndicate

A **syndicate** is a self organization group of people or companies. These people or companies co-operate because they have a common goal. Examples are:

- In 1906, the Confédération Générale du Travail adopted the Charter of Amiens. Confédération Générale du Travail is often shortened to CGT. it is one of five confederations of trade unions in France, and still exists today.
- Companies working together to get better prices, or condition is called a cartel. Banks working together that way usually do this in a consortium.
- Criminals working together often also do this in a syndicate.