juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Malin Åkerman

**Malin Maria Åkerman** (born 12 May 1978) is a Swedish-Canadian actress. She acted in _27 Dresses_ in 2008 and in _Watchmen_ in 2009. She also does singing and modeling. She played Kate Harrison in the ABC comedy _Trophy Wife_.

She will appear as Claire Wyden in the 2018 science fiction movie _Rampage_.

Åkerman was born in Stockholm. She moved to Canada at age two and was raised partly in Sweden and partly in Ontario.

## Personal life

Akerman has a son from her previous relationship in 2013.
Joost van der Westhuizen

**Joost van der Westhuizen** (20 February 1971 – 6 February 2017) was a South African former rugby union player. He played as a scrum-half for the national team. He played in the 1995 and 1999 Rugby World Cups.

On 12 May 2011, van der Westhuizen's publicist announced that he had a muscle-related neural disease. It was believed to be a form of motor neurone disease. Doctors at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States have since confirmed that he had motor neurone disease. They believed he had only a 20% chance of living for two to five years.

On 6 February 2017, van der Westhuizen died at a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa from complications of motor neurone disease, aged 45.

## Other websites

- J9 Foundation

## Infobox (rugby biography)

- **name**: Joost van der Westhuizen
- **image**: Joost van der Westhuizen 2014.jpg
- **birth name**: Joost van der Westhuizen Heystek
- **birth place**: Pretoria, South Africa
- **death place**: Johannesburg, South Africa
- **ru position**: Scrum-half (rugby union), Scrum-half
- **ru nationalteam**: South Africa national rugby union team, South Africa
- **ru nationalyears**: 1993–2003
- **ru nationalcaps**: 89
- **ru nationalpoints**: (190)
- **ru ntupdate**: 15 September 2012
- **super14**: Bulls (Super Rugby), Bulls
- **super14years**: 1996–2003
- **super14caps**: 71
- **super14points**: (61)
- **super14update**: 15 September 2012
- **ru province**: Blue Bulls
- **ru provinceyears**: 1993–2003
- **ru provinceupdate**: 26 December 2007
- **occupation**: Businessman
- **spouse**: Amore Vittone
- **children**: 2
- **school**: Hoërskool F.H. Odendaal
- **university**: University of Pretoria
Seal of Missouri

The **Great Seal of the State of Missouri** is an emblem that represents the U.S. state of Missouri. It was officially adopted on January 11, 1822. The center of the seal has two bears with the motto: "United we stand, divided we fall". The outer circle has the words "The Great Seal of the State of Missouri".

The year 1820 is shown in Roman numerals. Missouri, however, did not become a state until August 1821.
Seal of Iowa

The **Great Seal of the State of Iowa** is an emblem that represents the U.S. state of Iowa. It was created in 1847, one year after Iowa became a state. The seal shows a soldier over fields of wheat surrounded by symbols important to Iowa's history. They include transportation, farms and mining.

The seal has the words "The Great Seal of the State of Iowa" around the outside.

Iowa became a state on December 28th, 1846. Before joining the Union, it was a territory. Iowa had a long history in civil rights. The territory was decades ahead of other territories and states. As part of its process in becoming a state, Iowa determined a motto that says this: _'Our Liberties We Prize and Our Rights We Will Maintain'._
Seal of Louisiana

The **Great Seal of the State of Louisiana** is an emblem that represents the U.S. state of Louisiana. It was adopted in 1902.

It has four pelicans (one adult, the other three are little). Mother Pelican wounds her breast to feed her young. "Union, justice, confidence" are the words of the motto surrounding these four pelicans.

The wording "State of Louisiana" is on the outer edge of the seal.
Seal of Arkansas

The state seal of Arkansas was adopted in 1864. It was changed to its present style on May 23, 1907. The inner seal contains an Angel of Mercy, Sword of Justice and Goddess of Liberty around a bald eagle.

The outer ring has the words "Great Seal of the State of Arkansas".
Luhman 16

**Luhman 16** is a binary brown dwarf in the southern constellation Vela at 6.6 light-years from the Sun. It is also known as **WISE 1049-5319**.

These are the nearest known brown dwarfs to the Solar System, and the closest system discovered since Barnard's Star in 1916.

The primary has a stellar classification of L8 ± 1, and the secondary is probably near the L/T transition. The pair orbit each other at a distance of about 3 AU with an orbital period of about 25 years.
Springhill, Louisiana

**Springhill** is a city in the north of Louisiana. It is next to the border with Arkansas. The city was originally called "Barefoot".

Its local government was set up in 1902.
Yolanda King

**Yolanda Denise King** (November 17, 1955 – May 15, 2007) was the first daughter of Martin Luther King, Jr.. She was also the sister of Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King and Bernice Albertine King.

Yolanda's father was killed when she was only 12 years old. On April 4, 1968, the day that he was killed, her mother got a phone call from Jesse Jackson. Yolanda was the only one of her four brothers and sisters to realize that their father had been killed. She went to his funeral and tried to act like her mother after that. She graduated from her high school when she was 16 years old.

She got bullied when she went to Smith College because she was her father's daughter, and did not know how to deal with the issue. She got over the bullying by reading his books and started thinking he was correct on his views when he was alive. After finishing her first year at the college, she went back home and at that point her grandmother Alberta Williams King was shot and killed.

She died on May 15, 2007 after talking to her brother Dexter and falling in his home due to a heart disease.
The Giver (movie)

***The Giver*** is a science fiction movie that will be released August 2014. It is about the sacrifices of humanity. This movie was based on the book of the same name.
Viva Bianca

**Viva Bianca** (or **Viva Skubiszewski**; 17 November 1983) is an Australian actress. She stars on the television show _Spartacus_. She was also on other shows.

Her maiden name is pronounced _scooby-shev-ski_. She is from Victoria.
Serena

***Serena*** is a drama movie that will be released in April 2014. The story is about a wife that cannot have children. Jennifer Lawrence plays Serena, Bradley Cooper plays her husband George. The movie is based on the novel _Serena_ (2008) by Ron Rash.
Dirk Sager

**Dirk Sager** (August 13, 1940 – January 2, 2014) was a German journalist. He was a member of P.E.N.. He worked for German broadcaster ZDF from 1968.

Sager was born in Hamburg. He studied at Free University Berlin.

He died in Potsdam from a stroke. He was aged 73.

## Awards

- 1997: Deutscher Kritikerpreis (together with Friedhelm Brebeck and Friedrich Schreiber)
- 2002: Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Award

## Other websites

- Dirk Sager - ZDF trauert um Reporter Dirk Sager

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dirk Sager
- **image**: Dirk Sager, 2009.jpg
- **caption**: Sager in 2009
- **birth place**: Hamburg, Germany
- **death place**: Potsdam, Germany
- **death cause**: Stroke
- **occupation**: Journalist
- **yearsactive**: 1966–2013
Herman Pieter de Boer

**Herman Pieter de Boer** (9 February 1928 – 1 January 2014), also known as **Johnny Austerlitz**, was a Dutch writer, journalist and lyricist. He began his career during the late 1950s, and continued for more than 55 years. During this time, he wrote over 65 novels.

De Boer was born in Rotterdam, South Holland. He was married twice during his life. He also had a long relationship with Dutch singer-songwriter Lenny Kuhr from 1981 to 1993.

He died at the age of 85 after a long illness, in Eindhoven, North Brabant.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Herman Pieter de Boer
- **image**: Herman-pieter-de-boer (cropped).jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Herman Pieter de Boer in November 2009.
- **birth name**: Herman Pieter de Boer
- **birth place**: Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands
- **death place**: Eindhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands
- **other names**: Johnny Austerlitz
- **occupation**: Writer, journalist, lyricist
- **website**: http://www.hermanpieterdeboer.nl/ <small></small>
- **years active**: 1956–2014
Lee Daniels

**Lee Louis Daniels** (born December 24, 1959) is an American actor, movie producer and director.  He produced _Monster's Ball_ and directed the movie _Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire_.

He has received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Director for _Precious_. The movie won two of the awards.

In 2013, Daniels directed _The Butler_, a historical drama about the White House and its presidents during the 20th century. The movie had an ensemble cast. It received positive reviews and became a box office success.

Daniels lives in New York City. He is openly gay and adopted his biological niece and nephew.

## Other websites

- Lee Daniels Entertainment website
- NPR interview
- Blackfilm.com interview
- IndependentFilm.com interview
- Gay Life biography

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lee Daniels
- **image**: Lee-Daniels-2010-SAG-Awards.jpg
- **caption**: Daniels at the 2010 Screen Actors Guild Awards in Los Angeles, January 2010
- **birthname**: Lee Louis Daniels
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- **occupation**: Actor, director, producer
- **yearsactive**: 1986–present
- **website**: [http://www.leedanielsentertainment.com www.leedanielsentertainment.com]
Eugene Allen

**Eugene Allen** (July 14, 1919 – March 31, 2010) was an American waiter and butler. He worked for the White House for 34 years until he retired in 1986. He served eight presidents of the United States. He began working at the White House in 1952. Allen's life was the inspiration for the movie _The Butler_, released in 2013.

Allen earned the highest rank of butlers serving in the White House. At the Maître d'hôtel in 1981, President Ronald Reagan invited Allen and his wife Helene to a state dinner at the White House. The dinner was in honor of Helmut Kohl.

Allen was born in Scottsville, Virginia on July 14, 1919. He received no formal schooling. He began working as a waiter at a pool club. Allen met his wife Helene in 1942. They had a son, Charles Allen. Helene wanted to vote for Barack Obama in 2008, but she died the day before the election, on November 3, 2008.

Allen died at a hospital in Takoma Park, Maryland, from kidney failure. He was aged 90.

## Other websites

- _The Independent_: Eugene Allen: White House butler who worked for eight US presidents

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Eugene Allen
- **image**: Eugene Allen with Reagans.jpg
- **caption**: Eugene Allen with Ronald Reagan, Ronald and Nancy Reagan
- **birth place**: Scottsville, Virginia
- **death place**: Takoma Park, Maryland, Takoma Park, Maryland
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Head Butler
- **known for**: _The Butler_
P. D. James

**Phyllis Dorothy James, Baroness James of Holland Park**, OBE, FRSA, FRSL (3 August 1920 – 27 November 2014) was an English writer of crime fiction. She was commonly known as **P. D. James**, which was the name her books are published under. She was most famous for a series of detective novels starring policeman and poet Adam Dalgliesh.

James was a life peer in the House of Lords. James died peacefully at her home in Oxford on 27 November 2014, aged 94.

## Other websites

- The British Council's Contemporary Writers. Accessed 2010-09-15
- Faber and Faber (U.K.), publisher. Accessed 2010-09-15
- Random House (U.S.), publisher. Accessed 2010-09-15
- Penguin Books (U.K.), publisher . Accessed 2010-09-15

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: <small>Right Honourable, The Right Honourable</small>
The Baroness James of Holland Park
<small>Officer of the Order of the British Empire, OBE</small>
- **image**: PD James Cologne.JPG
- **birth name**: Phyllis Dorothy James
- **birth place**: Oxford, England
- **death place**: Oxford, England
- **occupation**: Novelist
- **nationality**: British
- **spouse**: Dr. Ernest Connor Bantry White, an Army doctor (m. 1941–1964, his death)
- **children**: 2 daughters, Claire, (b. 1942) and Jane, (b. 1944)
- **genre**: Crime fiction
Thriller (genre), Thriller
Dystopian novel, Dystopian fiction
Bob Keeshan

**Robert James "Bob" Keeshan** (June 27, 1927 – January 23, 2004) was an American television producer and actor. He is known for his role as the title character of the children's television program _Captain Kangaroo_. It became an icon for millions of people during its 30-year run from 1955 to 1984.

Keeshan also played the original "Clarabell the Clown" on the _Howdy Doody_ television program.

Keeshan died in Windsor, Vermont from a heart attack. He was aged 76.

## Other websites

- Biography of Bob Keeshan

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bob Keeshan
- **image**: WIKI BOB KEESHAN 1.jpg
- **caption**: Keeshan at BOK Tower in April 1999
- **birth place**: Lynbrook, New York
- **death place**: Windsor, Vermont
- **years active**: 1947 in film, 1947–1999 in film, 1999
- **birth name**: Robert James Keeshan
- **alma mater**: Fordham University
John Spencer (actor)

**John Spencer** (December 20, 1946 – December 16, 2005) was an American actor. He was best known for playing White House Chief of Staff Leo McGarry on the successful television series _The West Wing_. He won an Emmy Award for this role in 2002.

Spencer died of a heart attack in a hospital in Los Angeles. He was aged 58.

## Other websites

- October 16, 2004 Interview with John Spencer , Tavis Smiley Show

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Spencer
- **image size**: 250px
- **birth name**: John Speshock, Jr.
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California
- **death cause**: Myocardial infarction
- **resting place**: Laurel Grove Memorial Park, Totowa, New Jersey
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1963–2005
- **notable works**: Leo McGarry on _The West Wing_
- **partner**: Patricia Mariano
- **parents**: John Speshock, Sr.
 Mildred Speshock
- **awards**: **Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor – Drama Series, Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series**
 2002 _The West Wing_
Barnard Hughes

**Bernard Aloysius Kiernan "Barnard" Hughes** (July 16, 1915 – July 11, 2006) was an American movie, television, and stage actor. Hughes became famous for having many random roles. He was known for being cast as a grandfather or elderly figure on television.

Hughes died in New York City, from natural causes. He was aged 90.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Barnard hughes doc 1975.JPG
- **caption**: Hughes as Dr. Joe Bogert on _Doc (1975 TV series), Doc_, 1975.
- **birthname**: Bernard Aloysius Kiernan Hughes
- **birth place**: Bedford Hills, New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, United States, U.S.
- **spouse**: Helen Stenborg (1950–2006; his death)
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1939–2000
Mackenzie Foy

**Mackenzie Christine Foy** (born November 10, 2000) is an American model and actress. She is best known for her role as Renesmee Cullen, the daughter of Bella Swan and Edward Cullen, in _The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2_. Her role as Renesmee earned her a Young Artist Award for Best Supporting Young Actress in a Feature Film.

Mackenzie Foy was born in Los Angeles.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mackenzie Foy
- **image**: Mackenzie Foy.jpg
- **caption**: Foy in 2018
- **birth name**: Mackenzie Christine Foy
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Model, actress
- **yearsactive**: 2009–present
Jake T. Austin

**Jake T. Austin** (born **Jake Austin Szymanski**; December 3, 1994) is an American movie, television and voice actor. He is known for his roles as Max Russo on _Wizards of Waverly Place_ and as Diego on _Go, Diego, Go!_. He also appeared in _Hotel for Dogs_ and _Rio_.

Austin was born **Jake Austin Szymanski** in New York City. He is of Puerto Rican, Argentine, Spanish, Polish, Irish, and English descent.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Jake T. Austin 2011 (Straighten Crop).jpg
- **caption**: Austin at the Tony Bennet Birthday Gala, September 17, 2011
- **birthname**: Jake Austin Szymanski
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, voice actor
- **yearsactive**: 2003–present
Communist Party of India

The **Communist Party of India**, abbreviated as **CPI**, is a political party in India. It was founded in the British era in 1925 at Kanpur. The **Communist Party of India** has officially stated that it was formed on 26 December 1925 at the first Party Conference in **Kanpur**, then _Cawnpore_. S.V.Ghate was the first General Secretary of CPI. D. Raja is the current General Secretary of CPI.
Tomáš Plekanec

**Tomáš Plekanec** (born October 31, 1982) is a Czech professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also played for HC Kladno of the Czech Extraliga and Toronto Maple Leafs (NHL).

Plekanec was born in Kladno, Czechoslovakia.

## Career

Before playing the NHL, Plekanec played two seasons with HC Kladno of the Czech Extraliga. He was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens with the 71st overall pick in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. He played two seasons with their affiliate in the American Hockey League (AHL), Hamilton Bulldogs. He played two games and then stayed in Hamilton for a third AHL season because of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. Since the 2005-06 NHL season, he has been part of the Canadiens.

On June 22, 2010, he signed a contract to play with the Canadiens for six years. He will be paid CA$30 million. During the 2012–13 NHL lockout, he played for his former team HC Kladno.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Tomas Plekanec.png
- **image size**: 230px
- **team**: Montreal Canadiens
- **former teams**: Toronto Maple Leafs
**Czech Extraliga, CZE**:
HC Kladno
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 198
- **ntl team**: Czech Republic
- **birth place**: Kladno, Czechoslovakia
- **draft**: 71st overall
- **draft year**: 2001
- **draft team**: Montreal Canadiens
- **career start**: 1998
Ray Frederick

**Roman Raymond Frederick** (July 31, 1929 - August 23, 2001) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. Frederick played a total of 5 games in the NHL with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1954-55 NHL season.

## Career

He started his ice hockey career with the Fort Frances Canadians of the Northern Hockey League. He then played 2 seasons in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League where he played for the Brandon Wheat Kings. After his time with the Wheat Kings was done, he moved on to play in the Western Canada Senior Hockey League with the Edmonton Flyers for 2 seasons.

He then played 1 season with the Chicoutimi Sagueneens of the Quebec Senior Hockey League, 1 season with the Charlottetown Islanders of the Maritime Major Hockey League and 3 seasons with the Ottawa Senators of the Quebec Senior Hockey League. He played a seasons in the American Hockey League with the Buffalo Bisons and 5 games with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League. He retired from professional ice hockey in 1958.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Goaltender
- **shot**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 154
- **birth place**: Fort Frances, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **career start**: 1954
- **career end**: 1955
Road traffic safety

Road safety is safety in using roads. Most years, traffic collision<nowiki/>s kill about a million people worldwide. There are ways to make this less common, so roads will be safer for motor traffic, cyclists and pedestrians. It involves rules such as speed limits and those about drinking and driving, and control systems such as traffic lights and crossings. These are used to increase safety and reduce the chance of accidents.
Tata Steel

**Tata Steel Limited** (formerly Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited or TISCO) is an Indian multinational steel-making company. Their headquarters are in Mumbai. Tata is a subsidiary of the Tata Group. It was the 12th-largest steel-making company in the world in 2012. It can make about 23.8 million tonnes of crude steel each year. They are the largest private sector steel company in India measured by domestic production.
Prince du sang

A ***prince du sang*** (prince of the blood) was a member of the extended French Royal Family. This meant that all people except females that were princes of the blood would be entitled to inherit the throne only if every male member of the immediate royal family had died. The main princes of the blood were known as the Prince of Conti and the Prince of Condé as well as the more significant Duke of Orléans. The prince of the blood was entitled to be styled Serene Highness () but it was used in writing only. A majority of the princes of the blood had their own apartments at the Palace of Versailles as well as their own townhouses in Paris

## Famous princes of the blood

- Louis Philippe I. One time Duke of Orléans and late **King of the French**.
- Philippe Égalité.
- Le Grand Condé. Famous military man during the reign of Louis XIV.
- Le Grand Conti. Famous military man during the reign of Louis XIV.
- Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon, Prince of Condé Prime Minister to Louis XV.

## Order of precedence at court

1. The King.
1. The Queen.
1. The Dauphin of France (title of the heir to the throne)
1. The wife of the Dauphin. (called the _Dauphine_.)
1. The children of the reigning monarch.
1. The children of the previous monarch
1. The **Princes of the blood**. (The Duke of Orléans followed by the Prince of Condé then the Prince of Conti.
1. The nobility. For example, Dukes (_duc)_, then Counts (_comte_), other titles such as _baron_ & _Chevalier_.

## Related pages

- Prince of Conti
- Prince of Condé
- Duke of Orléans
- Count of Soissons
- Condé
- _Premier Prince du Sang_
Edward Williams Clay

**Edward Williams Clay** (April 17, 1799 – December 31, 1857) was an American artist. He made a lot of different types of art. He made paintings and cartoons. He was also a printmaker.

## Early life

Edward Williams Clay was born in the year 1799. He was born in the city of Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. His father was a sea captain. His name was Robert Clay. His mother was named Eliza Williams. Clay went to law school. He joined the Pennsylvania Bar Association. He became an engraver when he was in school. He didn't work as a lawyer very long. He decided to quit and become an artist for a living.

## Work as an artist

Clay went to Europe during the years 1825 until 1828. He studied art there. After he came back to America, he made a collection of drawings called _Life in Philadelphia_. The drawings show racism against African American people who lived in Philadelphia. In the year 1831, he started making political cartoons. He made jokes about Andrew Jackson in a drawing called "The Rats Leave a Falling House". He moved to New York City in 1837. He made art for magazines and books, and also made drawings for sheet music.

## Later life and death

He started to go blind and had to stop making art. He moved to Delaware and worked for the state government until he moved back to New York City in 1856. He became sick and died of tuberculosis in 1857. He is buried in Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia. His artwork is owned by The Library Company of Philadelphia and the Library of Congress.
Pennsylvania Bar Association

The **Pennsylvania Bar Association** is an American voluntary association of lawyers and people going to school for law. It is located in the state of Pennsylvania and is for people who work in that state. In the year 2013, 28,000 people were a part of the association.
Billy Unger

**Billy Unger** (born October 15, 1995) is an American actor. He is best known for his role of Chase Davenport on the sitcom _Lab Rats_. Unger was born in southern Florida. When he was 11 years old, he moved to California for his acting career.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Billy Unger
- **height**: 5 ft 6 in
- **image**: Billy Unger 2015 (Zqgh1W1pirc).jpg
- **caption**: in _Lab Rats: Bionic Island_ in 2015
- **birth name**: William Brent Unger
- **birth place**: Palm Beach County, Florida, United States
- **other names**: William Brent
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 2007–present
Hattie Caraway

**Hattie Ophelia Wyatt Caraway** (February 1, 1878 — December 21, 1950) was the first woman elected to serve a full term in the United States Senate. She was the Senator from Arkansas for just over thirteen years (December 1931 to January 1945).

Caraway had a stroke in 1950. She died later that year in Falls Church, Virginia due to this stroke.
Division of Paterson

The **Division of Paterson** is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is just north of Newcastle, on the coast of the Tasman Sea. It includes the towns of Anna Bay, Bulahdelah. Clarence Town, Dungog, Forster, Hawks Nest, Lemon Tree Passage, Medowie, Morpeth, Nelson Bay, Paterson, Raymond Terrace, Stroud, Tuncurry and parts of Nabiac, Thornton and East Maitland. The division was first set up in 1949 and abolished in 1984. It was recreated after a redistribution in 1992.

The division is named after poet and author Banjo Paterson. It is possible that is was named after Colonel William Paterson who also gave his name to the Paterson River and the town of Paterson, both of which were in the electorate. It was first contested at the 1949 election.

In 1949 the division included Singleton, Maitland and Muswellbrook. Redistributions moved the electorate north until it included Gunnedah and Mudgee. The original electorate was abolished in 1984. In 1992 it was recreated covering a similar area to the original electorate.

## Members

|colspan="4"|(1949–1984)|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Allen Fairhall|Liberal|1949–1969||
|||rowspan="3"|Frank O'Keefe|Country|1969–1975|
|||National Country|1975–1982|||
|||National|1982–1984|||
|||Bob Horne|Labor|1993–1996||
|||Bob Baldwin|Liberal|1996–1998||
|||Bob Horne|Labor|1998–2001||
|||Bob Baldwin|Liberal|2001–2016||
|||Meryl Swanson|Labor|2016–present||

## Other websites

- Division of Paterson – Australian Electoral Commission

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Paterson
- **image**: Division of PATERSON 2016.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Paterson (green) within New South Wales
- **lifespan**: 1949–1984, 1992–present
- **mp**: Meryl Swanson
- **mp-party**: Australian Labor Party, Labor
- **namesake**: Banjo Paterson
- **electors**: 97107
- **electors year**: 2013
- **area**: 6652
- **class**: Provincial
Elaine Edwards

**Elaine Schwartzenburg Edwards** (March 8, 1929 – May 14, 2018) was a former United States Senator from Louisiana. She was a member of the Democratic Party. Edwards was the wife of Edwin Edwards, the former Governor of Louisiana. They were married from 1949 until they divorced in 1989. She was a Senator for three and a half months during 1972. Edwards was born in Marksville, Louisiana.

Edwards died on May 14, 2018 at her daughter's home in Denham Springs, Louisiana of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the age of 89.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Elaine Edwards
- **image**: Elaine Edwards (D-LA).jpg
- **office**: First Lady of Louisiana
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: March 12, 1984
- **term end**: March 14, 1988
- **predecessor**: Dolores Treen
- **successor**: Patti Crocker Roemer
- **term start1**: May 9, 1972
- **term end1**: March 10, 1980
- **term label1**: In role
- **predecessor1**: Marjorie McKeithen
- **successor1**: Dolores Treen
- **jr/sr2**: United States Senator
- **state2**: Louisiana
- **appointer2**: Edwin Edwards
- **term start2**: August 1, 1972
- **term end2**: November 13, 1972
- **predecessor2**: Allen J. Ellender
- **successor2**: J. Bennett Johnston
- **birth name**: Elaine Lucille Schwartzenburg
- **birth place**: Marksville, Louisiana, U.S.
- **death place**: Denham Springs, Louisiana, Denham Springs, Louisiana, U.S.
- **resting place**: Resthaven Gardens of Memory and Mausoleum
 Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 4
Margaret Chase Smith

**Margaret Chase Smith** (14 December 1897 — 29 May 1995) was an American politician. She was a member of the House of Representatives from 1940 to 1949, and a United States Senator from 1949 to 1973. She was from the Republican Party. She was the first female to be in both houses of the United States Congress.

Chase was born in Maine. She died after a stroke at age 97.
Eva Bowring

**Eva Kelly Bowring** (January 9, 1892 — January 8, 1985) was a United States Senator from Nebraska. She was the first woman from Nebraska in the Senate. She was a Senator for seven months during 1954.

She was born in Missouri. She died the day before her 93rd birthday.
George Goodman

**George Jerome Waldo Goodman** (August 10, 1930 – January 3, 2014) was an American author and economics commentator. He was best known by his pen name **Adam Smith**. He also wrote fiction under his real name.

Goodman died at the age of 83, at the University of Miami Hospital. He had suffered from the bone marrow disorder myelofibrosis.

## Other websites

- Goodman's bio at Bookrags.com, page 1
- Goodman's bio at Bookrags.com, page 2

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: George Goodman
- **birth name**: George Jerome Waldo Goodman
- **birth place**: St. Louis, Missouri
- **death place**: Miami, Florida
- **occupation**: Author, economics commentator
Rey

**Rey** means "king" in Spanish and Occitan. It comes from the Latin word _rex_. It is used as a name in many cultures.

It can also mean:

- Rey, Iran
- Rey County, Iran
- Rey (_Star Wars_), a character in the _Star Wars_ films.
Peter O'Sullevan

Sir **Peter John O'Sullevan** (3 March 1918 – 29 July 2015) was an Irish retired horse racing commentator. He worked for the BBC, the Press Association, _Daily Express_ and _Today_. He was the BBC's leading horse-racing commentator from 1947 to 1997.

O'Sullevan was born in Kenmare, Ireland. He studied at Hawtreys, Charterhouse School, and later at Collège Alpin International Beau Soleil in Switzerland. O'Sullevan died of cancer in London, aged 97.

## Other websites

- 2002 BBC Sports article on Royal Ascot
- 2005 interview in The Independent (London)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Peter O'Sullevan
- **birth name**: Peter John O'Sullevan
- **birth place**: Kenmare, Ireland
- **death place**: London, England
- **death cause**: Cancer
- **occupation**: Sports commentator
- **alma mater**: Collège Alpin International Beau Soleil
- **employer**: BBC
Rebecca Latimer Felton

**Rebecca Ann Latimer Felton** (10 June 1835 — 24 January 1930) was an American writer, lecturer and politician. She was in the United States Senate as a Democrat. She was from Georgia.

Latimer Felton was born in the Atlanta area. She died in the city of Atlanta, aged 94.
Oswald of Northumbria

**Oswald** (–642) was a King of Northumbria and the first Christian monarch of that kingdom. Oswald brought St. Aidan from Iona to start a monastery on the island of Lindisfarne. Oswald was also venerated as a saint.

## Early career

Oswald was born , the son of King Athelfrith of Bernicia and his second wife Acha of Deira. At age twelve his father was killed in battle by Edwin who became King of Northumbria. Along with his brothers Eanfrith and Oswiu and their sister Aebbe, he found safety with the Scots in Dál Riata. The monks of Iona baptized the children and raised them in the Celtic Christian faith. For all of Edwin's reign Oswald remained in Exile. Cadwallon ap Cadfan, the Christian king of Gwynedd, along with the pagan Penda of Mercia, attacked Northumbria in 632. In 633 the two invading armies met Edwin at the Battle of Hatfield Chase. Edwin was killed and his army was destroyed. For the next year Cadwallon destroyed everything he could in Northumbria. At the same time Oswald was gathering a small army among the Scots and Picts.
He attacked Cadwallon's larger army at a place called _Hefenfelth_ ("heavenly field"). Cadwallon was killed and his army defeated.

## King of Northumbria

Oswald claimed the crowns of both Bernicia and Deira. By doing this he reunited Northumbria to a single kingdom. Oswald was the first king of Northumbria to come to the throne already a Christian. As one of his first acts Oswald set up what would become the holy island of Lindisfarne. He asked for a bishop to come to Northumbria to convert his people to the Christian faith. They sent Bishop Aidan. Aidan built a monastery and created a Christian colony on the island of Lindisfarne off the coast of Bamburgh. Oswald, at least at first, had to translate for Aidan who did not speak English fluently. Oswald was considered a _bretwalda_ by Bede, the fourth such overlord over the other Anglo-Saxon kings. In 635, Oswald married Cyneburh, the daughter of King Cynegils of Wessex. Oswald also became the godfather of Cynegils when he was baptized . Oswald created several similar alliances in an effort to contain Penda of Mercia. About 638 he won a battle against Owen Map Bili, the king of Strathclyde near Edinburgh. In 640 Oswald tried to recover Lindsey from Penda. The two armies met again in 642 at the Battle of Maserfield (probably in Shropshire). Oswald was killed in the battle. For a year after the battle his head and hands were fastened to stakes. His brother Oswiu finally recovered Oswald's relics. Oswiu succeeded Oswald as king of Northumbria.

## Family

Oswald married Cyneburh of Wessex. Their son, "the only son he possessed on earth", was:

- Athelwald

## Other websites

- Kings of Northumbria

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Oswald
- **image**: Oswald of Northumbria.jpg
- **title**: King of Northumbria
- **reign**: 634-642
- **birth date**: c. 604
 Kingdom of Deira
- **death date**: 5 August 642
 Oswestry, England
Don't Turn Around

**"Don't Turn Around"** is a popular song. It was first sung by Tina Turner in 1986. It was not until 1988, though, when singers Bonnie Tyler and Luther Ingram made their own versions of the song, that it got really popular. The most famous version of the song was by Ace of Base in 1994.
All That She Wants

"**All That She Wants**" is a hit single from Swedish pop group Ace of Base. It was released in 1992 from their debut album, _Happy Nation_. The song hit #2 in the United States. It was also at the top of the charts in Germany, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and Denmark. The song was very popular in 1993. It is a Europop song written and produced by band members Jonas Berggren (Joker) and Ulf Ekberg (Buddha), with additional production by Dag Krister Volle.

The longest version was 7 minutes and 58 seconds long.

## Infobox (song)

- **type**: single
- **artist**: Ace of Base
- **album**: Happy Nation
- **genre**: Europop
- **length**: 3:30
- **label**: Mega
- **prev title**: Happy Nation
- **prev year**: 1992
- **year**: 1993
- **next title**: The Sign
- **next year**: 1993
The Sign

"**The Sign**" is a hit song performed by Ace of Base. It was released as a single on 29 October 1993 in Europe. The song hit #2 on the UK Singles Chart. It spent six weeks near #1 in the United States.

A cover version of this song was played on the television series _Full House_.

Another version of this song lasts six minutes and 49 seconds.
The Woodlands (Philadelphia)

**The Woodlands** is a National Historic Landmark in the city of Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. The Schuylkill River goes past The Woodlands. It has a mansion, a building to put a carriage inside (called a "carriage house"), and a garden that became a cemetery in the year 1840. Over 30,000 people are buried in the cemetery.

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: The Woodlands
- **nrhp type**: nhld
- **nocat**: yes
- **image**: HABSWoodlandsColor.jpg
- **caption**: Woodlands Mansion
- **location**: 4000 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, US
- **built**: 1770; rebuilt 1786–92
- **architect**: William Hamilton
- **architecture**: Neoclassical; Robert Adam Style
- **added**: December 24, 1967
- **designated nrhp type**: December 24, 1967
- **refnum**: 67000022
- **governing body**: Woodlands Cemetery Company of Philadelphia
- **designated other1 name**: Pennsylvania state historical marker
- **designated other1 abbr**: PHMC
- **designated other1 date**: December 28, 1996
- **designated other1 link**: List of Pennsylvania state historical markers
- **designated other1 color**: navy
- **designated other1 textcolor**: #ffc94b
Schuylkill River

The **Schuylkill River** is a river in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. It is  long. It used to be called _"Tool-pay Hanna"_ by the Lenape.
Pennsylvania Prison Society

The **Pennsylvania Prison Society** is a non-profit organization. It in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States. It helps prisoners and their families. It also helps prisoners after they are out of prison.

It was started in 1787. It used to be called the **Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons**. It was founded by a group of men from Philadelphia. The group of men included Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush, John Swanwick, Tench Coxe, Zachariah Poulson, and William White. William White was the president for a long time.

It now has many small organizations, called "chapters", around Pennsylvania. It has 43 chapters.
Irene Papas

**Irene Papas** (; 3 September 1929 – 14 September 2022) was a Greek musician and actress. She played the title character in the 1962 movie _Elektra_. She also had lots of other movies. She was born in Chiliomodi, Greece. She retired from acting in 2003.

Her birth year is sometimes confused as 1926, however, in an interview, Papas said she was born in 1929.

Papas had a long love affair with American actor Marlon Brando.

In 2013, it was revealed that Papas had Alzheimer's disease. She died on 14 September 2022 in Chiliomodi at the age of 93.
(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty

**"(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty"** is a 1976 hit song from KC and the Sunshine Band. The song was #1 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 and on the soul singles chart.

The lyrics caused controversy due to their sexual nature.

### Weekly charts

|Chart (1976)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Australia (Kent Music Report)|align="center"|16|
|South Africa (Springbok Radio)|align="center"|8|
|US _Billboard_ Hot 100|align="center"|1|
|US _Billboard_ Hot Disco Singles|align="center"|6|
|US _Billboard_ Hot Soul Singles|align="center"|1|
|US _Cash Box_|align="center"|1|
|US _Record World_|align="center"|1|

### Year-end charts

|Chart (1976)|Rank||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Canada Top Singles (_RPM_)|align="center"|19|
|US _Billboard_ Hot 100|align="center"|26|
|US _Billboard_ Hot Soul Singles|align="center"|4|
|US _Cash Box_|align="center"|10|

### All-time charts

|Chart (1958-2018)|Position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|US _Billboard_ Hot 100|align="center"|218|
Warren Skorodenski

**Warren Skorodenski** (born March 22, 1960 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Frederick played a total of 35 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Chicago Black Hawks and Edmonton Oilers.

## Career

He played for the New Brunswick Hawks, the AHL affiliate of the Black Hawks. During that time, he was able to win the Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award for being the goalie with the lowest goals against average and shared the award with his teammate Bob Janecyk. He was called up by the Black Hawks during the 1981-82 NHL season. He played 1 game and was sent back down to the AHL where he played 4 seasons and 1 season in the CHL with the Birmingham South Stars. During the 1984-85 NHL season, he was called up and played as Murray Bannerman backup. He recorded the league's highest save percentage, at 0.903. In 1987, he signed a contract with the Edmonton Oilers and played 3 games with them. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1990.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
Edmonton Oilers
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Goaltender
- **shot**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 180
- **ntl team**: Canada
- **birth place**: Winnipeg, Manitoba, MB, Canada, CAN
- **career start**: 1975
- **career end**: 1990
Mower Hospital

**Mower Hospital** was a military hospital in a neighborhood named Chestnut Hill, which is in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1862 for soldiers who were in the American Civil War. It was run by the United States Army.

Architect John McArthur, Jr. designed the hospital. It was near the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad so hurt soldiers could be brought to the hospital fast. It was open from January 1863 until May 1865.

It had room for 40,000 patients. It was shaped so that people would not get sicker or get an infection from other sick and injured people. It had many things for the people who worked there, and for the injured soldiers. People could go to a barber shop and go grocery shopping. It had lights powered with gas and fresh water.

The hospital does not exist anymore.
Alicia Rhett

**Alicia Rhett** (February 1, 1915 – January 3, 2014) was an American painter and actress. She appeared in several movies, but was more known for painting portraits. She played India Wilkes in _Gone with the Wind_.

She was born in Savannah, Georgia. She died at age 98 in Charleston, South Carolina.

## Other websites

- _New York Times_ biography

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alicia Rhett
- **image**: Alicia Rhett in Gone With the Wind 1939.jpg
- **caption**: Rhett in _Gone with the Wind (film), Gone with the Wind_ (1939)
- **birth place**: Savannah, Georgia, United States, U.S.
- **death cause**: Natural Causes
- **occupation**: Actress, portrait painter
- **years active**: 1937–1941
- **parents**: Edmund M. Rhett
Isabelle Murdoch
Merchants' Exchange Building (Philadelphia)

The **Merchants' Exchange Building** is a building in the city of Philadelphia which is in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. It is in a historical neighborhood called Old City. Architect William Strickland designed the building. It was built starting in the year 1832 and was done in 1834. The Merchants' Exchange Building was the first office building in the city. It used to be a brokerage house.  In 1875, the Philadelphia Stock Exchange moved into the building.

In the year 2001 it became a National Historic Landmark.

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Merchants' Exchange Building
- **nrhp type**: nhl
- **image**: America's oldest stock exchange building.JPG
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: Rear (2012)
- **location**: 143 S. Third St.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- **architect**: William Strickland (architect), William Strickland
- **architecture**: Greek Revival architecture, Greek Revival
- **designated nrhp type**: August 7, 2001
- **added**: August 7, 2001
- **governing body**: National Park Service
- **refnum**: 01001047
Saul Zaentz

**Saul Zaentz** ( (February 28, 1921 – January 3, 2014) was an American movie producer. He also owned a record company. He won the Academy Award for Best Picture three times. In 1996, he was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award.

Zaentz died in San Francisco, California. He was suffering from Alzheimer's disease. He was 92 years old.

## Other websites

- IMDB Profile
- The Saul Zaentz Company
- Zaentz Media Center official site

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Saul Zaentz
- **birth place**: Passaic, New Jersey, Passaic, New Jersey, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: San Francisco, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Movie producer
Proxy war

A **proxy war**, or **proxy warfare**, is a war in which opposite sides use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly to combat their opponents' supporters or influence. States sometimes use less powerful states as proxies but more often use violent non-state actors, mercenaries, and other third parties, such as during a civil war. They may give their proxies money, weapons, training, or other help. The hope is to strike an opponent without a full-scale war, especially one that could involve the nuclear bomb.

In the 16th century the Kingdom of France and the Dutchy of Burgundy used the English Wars of the Roses as a proxy war, and in the 1780s France used the American Revolutionary War as a proxy against Great Britain. The United States and the Soviet Union used many proxies to fight each other during the Cold War, such as the Korean War and Vietnam War, Both sides tried to increase their own influence and to decrease the other's influence. In 2023, the Red Sea Crisis began; a proxy war between the United States and Iran.
Wim Kok

**Willem "Wim" Kok** (September 29, 1938 – October 20, 2018) was a politician and former trade unionist from the Netherlands. He represented the Labour Party (PvdA). He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from August 22, 1994 until July 22, 2002.

Kok was born in Bergambacht in South Holland.

Kok died on October 20, 2018 in Amsterdam from heart failure at the age of 80.

## Other websites

- W. (Wim) Kok <small>(Parlement & Politiek)</small>
- Kabinet-Kok I  <small>(Rijksoverheid)</small>
- Kabinet-Kok II  <small>(Rijksoverheid)</small>
- Dr. W. Kok  <small>(Rijksoverheid)</small>

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: <small>Excellency, His Excellency</small>
- **name**: Wim Kok
- **image**: Wim Kok 1994.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **office**: Prime Minister of the Netherlands
- **term start**: August 22, 1994
- **term end**: July 22, 2002
- **monarch**: Beatrix of the Netherlands, Beatrix
- **predecessor**: Ruud Lubbers
- **successor**: Jan Peter Balkenende
- **birthname**: Willem Kok, Jr.
- **birth place**: Bergambacht, Netherlands
- **death place**: Amsterdam, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Netherlands, Dutch
- **party**: Labour Party (Netherlands), Labour Party
- **spouse**: Rita Roukema <small>(1965–2018)</small>
- **children**: André <small>(born 1962)</small>
 Carla
 Marcel
- **residence**: Amsterdam, Netherlands
- **alma mater**: Nyenrode Business Universiteit <small>(Honorary degree)</small>
 University of Münster <small>(Honorary degree)</small>
- **occupation**: Politician
 Trade union, Trade Union Leader
 Board of directors, Corporate director
 Lobbying, Lobbyist
- **signature**: Signature of Wim Kok.png
Josip Manolić

**Josip Manolić** (22 March 1920 – 15 April 2024) was a Croatian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Croatia from 24 August 1990 to 17 July 1991.

Manolić died on 15 April 2024 in Zagreb, Croatia at the age of 104.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Josip Manolić
- **image**: Dan OSRH Josip Manolic 28052011 2.jpg
- **caption**: Josip Manolić in 2011
- **order**: 2nd
- **office**: Prime Minister of Croatia
- **term start**: 24 August 1990
- **term end**: 17 July 1991
- **president**: Franjo Tuđman
- **predecessor**: Stjepan Mesić
- **successor**: Franjo Gregurić
- **office2**: 1st Speaker of the Chamber of Counties
- **term start2**: 22 March 1993
- **term end2**: 23 May 1994
- **predecessor2**: Post established
- **successor2**: Katica Ivanišević
- **birth place**: Kalinovac, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
- **death place**: Zagreb, Croatia
- **nationality**: Croats, Croat
- **party**: Croatian Independent Democrats
- **otherparty**: League of Communists of Yugoslavia <small>(until 1989)</small>Croatian Democratic Union <small>(1989–1994)</small>
- **residence**: Zagreb, Croatia
- **occupation**: Policeman, politician
- **branch**: Yugoslav PartisansOZNA
- **rank**: Major
- **unit**: OZNA 2
- **commands**: OZNA 2
- **battles**: World War II
*Yugoslav Front
- **footnotes**: Counting from the Croatian parliamentary election, 1990, 1990 Croatian parliamentary election. 14th Prime Minister of Croatia, Croatian prime minister overall.