juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Numerical weather prediction

**Numerical weather prediction** is the way weather forecasts are made.  This is done using computer models of the atmosphere. Such models describe the current weather conditions, and how they change over time using equations. Using the current weather conditions, the equations can be solved, or approximated to tell what the weather will be like in the near future. The relevant physical parameters, such as pressure, temperature, the direction and the speed of the wind are taken to be functions of time. These are modelled with a system of partial differential equations. This is a dynamic system that is solved numerically. Most of these equations are implemented using FORTRAN. The equations are approximated. Since the number of calculations is huge, supercomputers usually do them, to finish before it's too late.

## Basic idea

The atmosphere is modelled as a fluid. The basic idea of numerical weather prediction is to sample the state of the fluid at a given time. The equations of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics can then be used to estimate the state of the fluid at some time in the future.

## Local weather prediction

The results are usually too inaccurate to be used for predicting the weather at any place. For this reason, meteorologists check the values, and compare them to historical data. In other words, they use the data to help produce the weather forecast.

Model Output Statistics is a statistical model that was developed in the 1960s and 1970s. It uses regression analysis for a fully automated forecast. With it, historical data is analysed automatically. One of its applications is called Direct Model Output. MOS uses both historical data and statistical modeling. Predictions beyond about six hours are unreliable.

Another well-known model is called Global Forecast System (GFS), which is run by the US weather service, NOAA. It gives a forecast four times a day. Since the information is free, the GFS is often used, especially by smaller weather stations.

## Ensembles

The atmosphere is a chaotic system. A small change of the input values does not necessarily lead to a small change of the output. This is due to the equations of fluid dynamics that are involved. These equations involved are solved or approximated once with the parameters that were observed. This is done several times more, with parameters that are based on the observed values, but which have been changed slightly. Because the computing power is limited, the "resolution" of such a model is more coarse. Once all the calculations are finished, they are compared to one another. Calculated results that are "similar" indicate that the prognosis is relatively good. In some cases, this means that it is possible to accurately predict the weather for a time of about ten days; in other cases a prediction over even a few days may be difficult.

## Related pages

- Met Office
- Tropical cyclone forecast model
Paul Bunyan

**Paul Bunyan** is a fictional giant lumberjack.  James MacGillivray wrote about Bunyan in 1910, which is the earliest writing about Bunyan that we know about.  A few years later, in 1916, William Laughead was writing an advertisement, and decided to use Bunyan in what he was writing, and decided to make him a giant.

## Origin of Paul Bunyan

James Stevens wrote a book called _Paul Bunyan_ in 1925. This book said that French Canadians people made up the Paul Bunyan stories during the Papineau Rebellion of 1837, when they were fighting against England. This would explain why Paul Bunyan's last name is "Bunyan", because "Bunyan" sounds like the French-Canadian slang word "Bonyenne", which is something that they might say when they are surprised, like how people who speak English might say "Good Grief" or "My Goodness". People told other people stories about Bunyan, and the stories would change a little bit as they spread from person to person. Often, Paul Bunyan is shown in pictures with a giant blue ox named Babe. Historians think that Babe was not created until the 20th century for advertising.  Other theories is that the Paul Bunyan was based on the legendry "Big Joe Mufferaw" [aka French-Canadian lumberjack Joseph Montferrand [1802-1864].  or on a French-Canadain lumberjack in Michigan named Fabian "Joe" Fournier  [1845-1875]

## Legends about Paul Bunyan

According to legend, when Bunyan was born, it took three storks to carry him. (In some stories storks carry babies and drop them off at their parents' houses.). When he became older, he broke every window in the house when he clapped or laughed. When he was seven months old, he sawed the legs off his parent's bed in the middle of the night. Paul and his friend, Babe the Blue Ox, dug the Grand Canyon when Paul was carrying his axe with a blade made from a locomotive and dragging it behind him. Babe, Bunyan's friend, was a large and very strong animal.

Many different towns say that they are the "home" of Bunyan. Some of these towns are in Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin, although there are towns in other states, too.

In the town of Kelliher, Minnesota, there is a park called Paul Bunyan Memorial Park, where there is a grave site that says that Paul Bunyan is buried there.

## Other websites

- "The Story of Paul Bunyan", Paul Bunyan Trail
- _Paul Bunyan: How A Terrible Timber Feller Became the Legend_ , History of the Paul Bunyan Legend
- Roadside statues and other tributes to the Great Tree-Biter, Paul Bunyan , Roadside America
- Animated stories of Paul Bunyan
Japanese era name

The  also known as , is a traditional calendar system which began during the reign of Emperor Kōtoku in the 7th century. This calendar has been in use in Japan since the beginning of the 8th century.

The historical Japanese calendar system defines and parses time in terms of ordinal numbers.
Appomattox Court House

**Appomattox Court House** is a place in Virginia that is now called Appomattox. The American Civil War ended here on April 9, 1865, when General Robert E. Lee of the Confederate Army surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant and the United States' Union Army.

Though the place is called Appomattox Court House, the surrender took place at the McLean House, a private home.
Base isolation

**Base isolation** is a collection of a building’s units resting on its foundation to provide separation of the building from shaking ground thus improving seismic performance.

## Basic parts of base isolation system

Base isolation system consists of _isolation units_ with or without _isolation components_, where:

1. _Isolation units_ are the basic elements of _base isolation system_ which provide the mentioned separation effect to a building structure.

2. _Isolation components_ are the connections between _isolation units_ and other parts of the building having no separation effect of their own.

## History

From the very beginning, the theory of base isolation rested on two pillars: _heavy damping_ and _frequency separation_. Unfortunately, nobody paid any attention that the heavy damping was a sort of a strong connection between a _substructure_ and _superstructure_, and that the idea of decoupling them with the help of such connections was of no good. Anyway, to virtually test-drive any design concept of base isolation, some online help is available now.
Shōō (Kamakura period)

, also spelled as _Shō-ō_, was a  after _Kōan_ and before _Einin_.  The period started in April 1288 and ended in August 1293.  During this time, the emperor was .

## Events of the _Shōō_ era

- **1288** (_Shōō 1_): The future Emperor Go-Fushimi was born.

## Related pages

- Kamakura period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

|Shōō|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1288|1289|1290|1291|1292|1293|
Vibration control

In earthquake engineering, **vibration control** is a set of technical means for decreasing seismic loads and improving seismic performance of building structures.

## Types of vibration control devices

All vibration control devices may be classified as _passive_, _active_  or _hybrid_. The first kind is the simplest one and, therefore, widespread. Passive control devices represent different types of _base isolators_ and _seismic dampers_.

_Base isolators_ restrict penetration of potentially damaging seismic waves into a building structure while _dampers_ decrease destructive effect of those waves.
Telephone card

A **telephone card**, **calling card** or **phone card** for short, is a small plastic card that is used to pay for telephone calls. They usually hold a set value of credit. Some cards can be recharged with more credit.
Alexandra Kosteniuk

**Alexandra Kosteniuk** (born Perm, Volga, 23 April 1984) is a Russian chess Grandmaster and former Women's World Chess Champion. She lost her title in 2010.

Alexandra is married, and lives with her husband and daughter in Key Biscayne, Miami, Florida.

Kosteniuk is now ranked 31st in the current FIDE rating list for women. She is no longer playing regularly. The highest rated woman, Judit Polgar (Hungary), never plays in female events. The second highest rated woman is Humpy Koneru (India); she has never won the women's world championship.

### Notable games

- Alexandra Kosteniuk vs Alexander Onischuk, Corus, Group B 2005, Spanish Game: Classical Variation (C65), 1–0
- Anna Ushenina vs Alexandra Kosteniuk, WWCh. 2008, Nimzo-Indian Defense: Classical, Noa Variation (E34), 0–1

### Other websites

- Interview with Grandmaster Alexandra Kosteniuk on LatestChess site
- Photo collection of Kosteniuk
- ChessBase: Alexandra Kosteniuk is Women's World Champion
- The crowning of Kosteniuk as a World Champion
King's Sutton railway station

**King's Sutton railway station** serves the village of King's Sutton in Northamptonshire, England.  It is also the nearest railway station to the town of Brackley. It was opened on 1 December 1873 by the Great Western Railway. The station is managed by Chiltern Railways, who provide services along with First Great Western. It was heavily renovated in 2009, with new fencing, a new shelter and a bridge being added to it.

## Infobox (uk station)

- **image**: Kings sutton station 2010.jpg
- **name**: King's Sutton
- **manager**: Chiltern Railways
- **code**: KGS
- **locale**: King's Sutton
- **borough**: South Northamptonshire
- **lowusage0405**: 40,321
- **lowusage0506**: 35,215
- **lowusage0607**: 39,090
- **lowusage0708**: 44,512
- **platforms**: 2
- **gridref**: SP494360
- **start**: 2 August 1872
- **original**: Great Western Railway
- **pregroup**: GWR
- **postgroup**: GWR
Akbash

The **Akbash Dog** is a large breed (type) of dog which comes from Turkey. It has a white coat of fur. It was bred to protect sheep in the field from thieves and predators. While this dog has been used for this job in Turkey for many hundreds of years, it is not often found outside of Turkey. The Akbash Dog is closely related to other large, white dogs used to protect sheep, such as the Komondor and the Aidi.

## Infobox (dogbreed)

- **name**: Akbash Dog
- **image**: Akbash Dog male 2016.jpg
- **image alt**: Akbash dog image
- **altname**:
Akbaş Çoban Köpeği
- **country**: Turkey
- **coat**: Medium or long double coat
- **color**: White
- **litter size**: 8 pups
- **life span**: 11 years
- **kc name**: United Kennel Club
- **kc std**: https://www.ukcdogs.com/akbash
Clapping

**Clapping** is when you hit your hands together which makes a sound. The harder you hit, the louder the sound, the softer you hit, less the sound.
If hitting by means of hand to hand contact it will make a different sound than if you were to clap against another object, say, your leg.

When people clap quickly together, this is called applause.
Strung Out

**Strung Out** is a punk rock band from Simi Valley, California, United States. They formed in 1992. They are known mostly for their musical style, which has both aspects of punk rock and heavy metal to make their main sound. They have made seven albums on Fat Wreck Chords and appeared on many compilations and skate/surf videos. They have played on the Warped Tour and continue to tour around the world.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Strung Out
- **img**: Strung Out (Ruhrpott Rodeo 2013) IMGP4977 nmz.jpg
- **img capt**: Strung Out
- **img size**: 250
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Simi Valley, California
- **genre**: Punk rock
Melodic hardcore
Skate punk
- **years active**: 1989–present
- **label**: Fat Wreck Chords
- **current members**: Jason Cruz
Jake Kiley
Rob Ramos
Chris Aiken
Jordan Burns
- **past members**: Jim Cherry (dead)
Reading and Leeds Festivals

The **Reading and Leeds Festivals** are two yearly music festivals. They take place in Reading and Leeds in the United Kingdom. They are run by Festival Republic (itself owned by Live Nation and MCD). The festivals take place one at a time on the Friday, Saturday and Sunday. They take place on the August of bank holiday weekend. They share the same bill. Between 1998 and 2007, the two festivals were known as the "Carling Weekend", until parting ways with their sponsor Carling in November 2007.
Circa Survive

**Circa Survive** is a rock band from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They formed in 2004. The band has vocalist Anthony Green. He was a singer of Saosin and members of the now-defunct _This Day Forward_.

Their first album, _Juturna_, was released on April 19, 2005 by Equal Vision Records, which got mixed reviews. However their second album, _On Letting Go_, released on May 29, 2007, garnered big reviewer acclaim. Their upcoming album, _Blue Sky Noise_, will be released on April 20, 2010 on Atlantic Records as the band has finished their term with Equal Vision Records.

## Studio albums

- Juturna (2005)
- On Letting Go (2007)
- Blue Sky Noise (2010)
- Violent Waves (2012)
- Descensus (2014)
- The Amulet (2017)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Circa Survive
- **image**: Circa Survive (2010).jpg
- **caption**: Circa Survive in 2010
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, USA
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **years active**: 2004-present
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic, Equal Vision
- **url**: [http://www.circasurvive.com/ www.circasurvive.com]
- **current members**: Anthony Green
 Colin Frangicetto
 Brendan Ekstrom
 Nick Beard
 Steve Clifford
- **associated acts**: The Sound of Animals Fighting, Saosin, This Day Forward, Taken
Chiodos
The Blind Side (movie)

***The Blind Side*** is a 2009 American drama sports movie directed by John Lee Hancock. It is based on the novel _The Blind Side: Evolution of a Game_, which was written by Michael Lewis. It stars Sandra Bullock, Tim McGraw, Quinton Aaron, and Kathy Bates.

The movie is based on a true story. The story follows football player Michael Oher's life, from growing up in a very poor neighborhood, to being adopted by a rich family, and then going to play for Ole Miss and eventually the Baltimore Ravens.

Bullock won an Academy Award for Best Actress, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Drama and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role.
Lahaul and Spiti district

The district of **Lahaul-Spiti** in the Indian State of Himachal Pradesh consists of the two formerly separate districts of Lahaul and Spiti.

he:ספיטי
Presidency division

**Presidency Division** is a division in the Indian state of West Bengal. It has 5 districts:

- Howrah district
- Kolkata district
- Nadia district
- North 24 Parganas district
- South 24 Parganas district
Burdwan division

**Burdwan Division** is a division in the Indian state of West Bengal. It consists of 4 districts:

- Birbhum district
- Paschim Bardhaman district
- Purba Bardhaman district
- Hooghly district
Jalpaiguri division

**Jalpaiguri Division** is a division in the Indian state of West Bengal. It consists of 5 districts:

- Jalpaiguri district
- Darjeeling district
- Cooch Behar district
- Alipurduar district
- Kalimpong district
Shani

**Shani** is one of the Navagraha  which are the nine main celestial beings in Hindu astrology, or Jyotiṣa. Shani is embodied in the planet Saturn. Shani is the Lord of Saturday; the word Shani also denotes the seventh day or Saturday in most Indian languages.
American Foxhound

The **American Foxhound** is a kind of dog breed. The foxhound came from the United States. It is a type of hound.
Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm

"**My Native Land, My Joy and Delight**" is the national anthem of Estonia. It became the country's national anthem in 1920. This song has been around since the 19th century. The words of the song were written in 1869 by an Estonian poet named Johann Voldemar Jannsen, and the melody of the song was composed in 1848 by a German-born musician named Friedrich Pacius. This song's tune is the same one used in the national anthem of Finland.

## Lyrics

|Words of the song in Estonian|Pronunciation of these words using the IPA|Words of the song in Võro <small>(Translated by Sulev Iva, 2005)</small>|Words of the song in English|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|<poem></poem>|<poem>[mu ˈi.sɑ̝.mɑ̝ː mu ɤnʲ jɑ̽ rɤːm ǀ] [kui̯ ˈkɑ̝u̯.nis ˈo.let̬ sɑ̝ ǁ] [ei̯ ˈlei̯.ɑ̽ ˈmi.nɑ̝ ˈiː.ɑ̽l teɑ̝̯l] [se̞ː ˈsuː.re̞ ˈlɑ̽i̯.ɑ̽ ˈil.mɑ̝ peɑ̝̯l ǀ] [mis mul niː ˈɑ̝r.mɑ̝s ˈo.leks kɑ̝ ǀ] [kui̯ sɑ̝ː mu ˈi.sɑ̝.mɑ̝ː ǁ] [sɑ̝ ˈo.let̬ mint̬ ju̟ ˈsÿn.ni.tɑ̝nt̬] [jɑ̽ ˈÿ.les ˈkɑ̝s.ʋɑ̝.tɑ̝nt̬ ǁ] [sint̬ ˈtæ̈.nɑ̝n ˈmi.nɑ̝ ˈɑ̝.lɑ̝.ti] [jɑ̽ jæ̈ːn sulʲ ˈtru̟ː.iks ˈsur.mɑ̝.ni ǀ] [mul ˈkɤi̯.k̬e̞ ˈɑ̝rm.sɑ̝m ˈo.let̬ sɑ̝ ǀ] [mu ˈkɑ̝l.lis ˈi.sɑ̝.mɑ̝ː ǁ] [su ˈÿ.le̞ ˈju̟.mɑ̝l ˈʋɑ̝l.ʋɑ̝.ku] [mu ˈɑ̝r.mɑ̝s ˈi.sɑ̝.mɑ̝ː ǁ] [tɑ̝ ˈol.k̬u ˈsi.nu ˈkɑ̽i̯t.se.jɑ̽] [jɑ̽ ˈʋɤt.ku ˈrox.kest ˈɤn.nis.tɑ̝ ǀ] [mis ˈiː.ɑ̽l ˈet.te̞ ˈʋɤ.tɑ̝t̬ sɑ̝ ǀ] [mu ˈkɑ̝l.lis ˈi.sɑ̝.mɑ̝ː ǁ]</poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem>My native land, my joy – delight, How fair thou art – how bright! For nowhere in the world around Can ever such a place be found So well belov'd, from sense profound, My native country dear! My tiny crib stood on thy soil, Whose blessings eased my toil. May my last breath be thanks to thee, For true to death I'll ever be, O worthy, most belov'd and fine, Thou, dearest country mine! May God in Heaven thee defend, My own beloved land! May He be guard, may He be shield, For ever bless and guardian wield Protection for all deeds of thine, My own, my dearest land!</poem>|

## Infobox (anthem)

- **english title**: My Native Land, My Joy and Delight
- **country**: Estonia
- **image**: Estonia coatofarms.png
- **author**: Johann Voldemar Jannsen
- **composer**: Fredrik Pacius
- **adopted**: 1920
- **sound**: US Navy band - National anthem of Estonia.ogg
- **sound title**: U.S. Navy Band rendition
V sign

The **V sign** is a hand gesture that means victory or peace.  It is made by raising the first and second fingers on the hand, and putting down the other fingers.
Emperor Ankō

was the 20th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Ankō to be possibly legendary, but probable.  The name Ankō_-tennō_ was created for him posthumously by later generations.
No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

## Traditional history

The _Kojiki_ and _Nihon Shoki_ record that Ankō was the second son of Emperor Ingyō.

Some accounts report that Ankō murdered his own father.

## Events of Ankō's life

Very little is known about the events of Ankō's life and reign.  Only limited information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.

- **462**: According to Chinese records, a delegation from the Japanese monarch was received in the court of the southern Song Dynasty.  The "king" mentioned in these documents probably would have been Emperor Ankō.

It is believed that Ankō was murdered in the third year of his reign.

### After his death

This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Ankō.

According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (_kofun_). This emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (_misasagi_) which is associated with the burial mound.

## Related pages

- Emperor of Japan
- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese imperial family tree
- Kofun period

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Ankō
- **title**: Emperor of Japan
- **image**: Emperor Ankō.jpg
- **reign**: legendary
- **predecessor**: Emperor Ingyō, Ingyō
- **successor**: Emperor Yūryaku, Yūryaku
- **birth date**: legendary
- **death date**: legendary
- **burial place**: _Sugawara no Fushimi no nishi misasagi_ (Nara)
Building code

A **building code** is a set of rules set to govern a building's design, construction, testing, inspections, and maintenance to protect public health, safety and welfare. Building codes are adopted and enforced by the government, who may inspect buildings to make sure they follow the rules.

A building code may provide rules for many different things and is influenced by materials manufacturers, firefighters, and building officials. The building may need to follow rules about providing parking or affecting traffic. There will be rules about making the building safe during disasters, such as fires, earthquakes, and tornadoes.

The rules used on a specific building may be very different depending on where the building is and what it is used for. For example, a house will have extra rules about making sure people can live there, while a hotel will have extra rules about fire exits. Many public buildings have a "maximum occupancy" for some rooms, which is how many people may be allowed into that room at once.

Building codes can also be accompanied by zoning ordinances that dictate style, building use, etc.

## Earthquakes

Any building code has either some minimum requirements for seismic loads (_prescriptive code_) or some seismic performance rules (_performance-based code_).

Seismic design is based on procedures meant to protect structures that may experience earthquake impact. However, a design which blindly follows seismic code rules does not guarantee safety against collapse or serious damage.

## Related pages

- Building Code Reference Library
Supply-side economics

**Supply-side economics** or **trickle-down economics** is a theory that if taxes were cut on the richest people in society, rich people would use their extra money to invest in the economy, but if taxes were increased, the wealthy would leave the country and invest somewhere else where the tax rates are lower.  People who support supply-side economics believe that taxes punished productivity and if they were lowered, people would produce more goods and services.  Many supporters of supply-side economics also support things such as limited government spending, low inflation, and regulating the economy less.

Economist Arthur Laffer supported supply-side economics with a theory called a Laffer Curve.  The theory stated that government will get no money if taxes were too high—nobody would pay them—and that the government would not get enough money if taxes were too low.  The theory also stated that if taxes were too high, the economy would be less productive and it would give the government less money and that if taxes were low, the economy would be productive and the government would get more money.

Supply-side economics was used while Ronald Reagan was president during the 1980's.  Income taxes on the wealthiest Americans were cut from 70% to 50% to 28% during his two terms.  Also, capital gains taxes were cut.  Supporters of supply-side economics mention that those tax cuts have resulted in economic recovery during the 1980's and the strong economic boom in the 1990's and first decade of the 21st century.

Critics of supply-side economics say that the wealthy gain a lot of money in the hope that a very small amount of it will trickle down to the poor, and they call it voodoo economics.  Many critics say that supply-side economic policies are bad because they result in a bigger gap between the rich and the poor.  They also criticize that the reduction in taxes results in the cutting of programs for the poor people who need it.  Other critics point out that large supply-cuts tax cuts,  in combination with increases in military spending, has resulted in the government being in a large amount of debt.
Vaan

**Vaan** is a character in the _Final Fantasy_ series. He is the main character of _Final Fantasy XII_.

## Development

In the beginning of the making of _Final Fantasy_, Basch was set to be the main character; but it was switched to Vaan. The team who made the game decided that a big, strong man would not be popular to the public.

The person who plays as Vaan in _Final Fantasy XII_ is Bobby Edner in the English game and Kouhei Takeda in the Japanese game.

## Appearance

Vaan is the main character in _Final Fantasy XII_. He is an orphan. His parents died in from being sick when he was 12. He lost his brother, Reks, two years before the game starts. He makes money by doing things for his friend Migelo. He wants to be a sky pirate when he grows up.

During the game _Final Fantasy Revenant Wings_, Vaan owns the ship called _Galbana_.
Vielle

The **vielle** is a bowed stringed instrument. It is a European instrument. It was used in the Medieval period. It is similar to a violin. It has a longer and deeper body than the violin. The vielle was also called a _fidel_ or a _viuola_. _Vielle_ is the French name for the instrument. It was one of the most popular instruments of the Medieval period. The vielle possibly came from the lira. The lira is a Byzantine bowed instrument. It is closely related to the Rebab. The Rebab is an Arab bowed instrument.
Metropolitan Museum of Art

The **Metropolitan Museum of Art** is an art museum. It is sometimes called **The Met**. It is found on the eastern edge of Central Park in New York City. It has a collection of more than two million works of art.

The main building is one of the world's largest art galleries, at about  in area. The Met is the most popular art museum in the United States with more than 5 million visitors each year. There is also a much smaller second location, the Cloisters. The Cloisters museum and gardens, which opened to the public in 1938, is a branch of the Museum. It is located in Inwood, in northern Manhattan. It has medieval art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which includes its Main Building on Fifth Avenue and the Cloisters in northern Manhattan, dates back to 1866.

People are asked to donate to the museum upon admission. However, one can choose not to donate. The museum suggests a $25 donation per person.

## History

In 1866, a group of Americans in Paris, France, agreed to create a "national institution and gallery of art". Their goal was to bring art and art education to the American people.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870. The founders included businessmen and financiers, as well as leading artists and thinkers of the day, who wanted to open a museum to bring art and art education to the American people. It opened on February 20, 1872, and was originally located at 681 Fifth Avenue.

## Collections

The museum has art from classical antiquity and Ancient Egypt, paintings and sculptures from European artists, and a large collection of American and modern art.  There is also a large number of African, Asian, Oceanic, Byzantine, and Islamic artwork.  The museum has collections of musical instruments, costumes and accessories, and antique weapons and armor from around the world.
Be (disambiguation)

**Be** could mean:

- Existence
- The symbol for Beryllium in chemistry
- Be (Cyrillic), the second letter in the Cyrillic alphabet

## Acronyms

- Basic English
- British English
30 Minut

"**30 Minut**" () is a song by t.A.T.u. It was first released on _200 По Встречной_, and released as single in September 2001. It has an English counterpart named "30 Minutes".

## Music video

The music video starts out with Yulia Volkova in a stall at the fair, while many other girls start talking. They leave, and Yulia comes out, washes her hands, and sighs. She then goes back into the stall. We then see Lena Katina laughing and then a kid walking by with his parents. We then see why Lena is laughing: she is with a man. Yulia is building a time bomb in the stall, while the man puts his hands down her pants, squeezing her butt and her pulling down her pants. Yulia comes out to see Lena putting her unexposed breasts on the man's chest, and then putting her shirt down. Yulia then waits for the bomb to go off, and then we see the bomb explode, and we see bits of the carousel flying into the camera. At the end, bits of the carousel fall to the ground burnt. A censored version of the video was made without the part with Lena's exposed breast. Also, there's less time at the end of the explosion.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: 30 Minut
- **artist**: t.A.T.u.
- **album**: 200 По Встречной
- **released**: June 2003
- **recorded**: 2002
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **length**: 03:17
- **label**: Universal Music Group, Universal/Interscope Records, Interscope
- **writer**: Sergio Galoyan, Martin Kierszenbaum, Ivan Shapovalov, Valeriy Polienko
- **producer**: Martin Kierszenbaum, Robert Orton
- **prev title**: Ne Ver', Ne Boysia
- **prev year**: 2003
- **next title**: How Soon Is Now?
- **next year**: 2003
MG

**MG**, **Mg**, or **mg** and variants may mean:

## Organizations

- MG Cars, an automotive marque of the now defunct MG Car Company
- MG Motor, a present-day car manufacturing company
- Champion Air (IATA code)
- Matematička gimnazija, a school in Belgrade
- Monte Generoso railway

## Arts and entertainment

- MG, a character in _The Perhapanauts_ comics
- _Match Game_, a television game show
- Magilla Gorilla

### Music

- _Main gauche_, "left hand" in piano playing
- _MG_ (Martin Gore album)
- The M.G.'s, from the band Booker T. & the M.G.'s
- _The MG's_ (album), an album by the M.G.'s
- MG Select, a house duo music production including George Jackson

## Military

- Machine gun (MG-), prefix for model designations, for example, "MG42"
- Major general, a military rank
- Medal for Gallantry, a military decoration

## Places

- Madagascar (ISO 3166-1 country code `MG`)
    - .mg, the Internet country code top-level domain for Madagascar
- Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Mongolia (FIPS 10-4 country code `MG`)

## Science and technology

- .mg, the Internet country code top-level domain for Madagascar
- mg (editor), a text editing program
- Magnesium, a chemical element with symbol Mg
- Motor-generator, a device for converting electrical power to another form
- Manual Gates, a type of level crossing used in the United Kingdom
- Microgrid, a local architecture for power grid within the concept of Smart Grid that can function both connected to and isolanded from the main grid.

### Biology and medicine

- Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, concentrically layered basophilic inclusions in the urinary tract
- Monoglyceride, or monoacylglycerol
- Myasthenia gravis, a neuromuscular disease
- Mycoplasma genitalium, a sexually transmitted bacterium

### Units of measurement

- Milligram (mg), equal to 10<sup>−3</sup> grams
- Megagram (Mg), equal to 10<sup>6</sup> grams
- Milligauss (mG), equal to 1.0 × 10<sup>−7</sup> Teslas
- Megagauss (MG), equal to 100 Teslas

## Other uses

- _Mg_ (magazine), an American business monthly
- Malagasy language
- Outlaw motorcycle club (motorcycle gang)
- Matt Groening
He (disambiguation)

**He** could mean:
- The singular pronoun used to talk about a male.
- The symbol for Helium in chemistry.
Sc

**Sc** or **SC** can mean the things below:

- Sharia court, a venue for sharia rulings
- Scandium, a chemical element
- South Carolina
Einin

was a  after _Shōō_ and before _Shōan_.  This period started in August 1293 and ended in April 1299. During this time, the emperors were  and .

## Events of the _Einen_ era

- **1293** (_Einin 1_):  Major earthquake and tsunami hit Sagami Bay and Kamakura, killing 20,000+ people.
- **1298** (_Einin 6, 7th month_): Emperor Fushimi abdicated in the 11th year of his reign; and his son was named to be the new emperor.
- **1299** (_Einin 7_): Emperor Go-Fushimi is enthroned and the _nengō_ was changed.

## Related pages

- Kamakura period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

|Einin|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1293|1294|1295|1296|1297|1298|1299|
Scouting for Girls

**Scouting for Girls** are a British pop rock band formed in London in 2005 by Roy Stride, Greg Churchouse and Peter Ellard. Stride met Ellard at Cub Scouts and he then met Churchouse at school. In September 2007 Scouting for Girls released their first album _Scouting for Girls_. It was number one in the UK Albums Chart for two weeks.

## Band members

**Current members**
- Roy Stride - lead singing, guitar, keyboards (2005-present)
- Greg Churchouse - bass, backing singing (2005-present)
- Pete Ellard - drums, percussion (2005-present)

**Current touring members**
- Peter Clements - guitar
- Matt Simmons - keyboards (2010-present)

**Session**
- Martin Owen - horn on _Scouting For Girls_ <small>(2007)</small>
- James McMillan - trumpet on _Scouting For Girls_ <small>(2007)</small>

**Personnel**
- Andy Green - Producer of _Scouting For Girls_ <small>(2007)</small>

## Discography

- _Scouting for Girls _ (2007)
- _Everybody Wants to Be on TV_ (2010)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Scouting for Girls
- **image**: Scouting for Girls in June 2008 during the Glastonbury Festival.jpg
- **caption**: Playing the "Other Stage" at Glastonbury Festival, June 2008
- **image size**: 300
- **background**: group_or_band
- **genre**: Pop rock, Acoustic music, Acoustic, Piano rock, Alternative rock, Alternative
- **years active**: 2005–present
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **current members**: Roy Stride (vocals, keyboards, guitar)
Greg Churchouse (bass guitar)
 Peter Ellard (percussion)
Enthronement

An **enthronement** is a ceremony of inauguration, involving a person —usually a monarch or religious leader — who is formally seated for the first time upon a throne.

The throne is seen as a symbol of authority.

This ritual is different from a coronation because there is no crown. However, the term "coronation" and the term "enthronement" are often used to mean the same thing.
Détente

**Détente** (pronounced day-tont) is a word that means less tension and a better relationship between two countries.

The main example of a détente was during the Cold War. In the 1970s, the United States and the Soviet Union improved relations. Both signed several treaties which reduced the amount of nuclear weapons each country had. During this time period, as China began to dislike the Soviet Union, the United States tried to make friends with China, giving the Soviet Union a disadvantage during the Cold War. This was often called “playing the China card.”

Détente primarily was concerned with relations between the US and USSR but other countries like China, West Germany, and most of the European states also played their role in developing it. Their motives were mixed. The US proposed this because they did not want to have to go to war with USSR which would lead to all out nuclear warfare.

The literal and original use of the word meant to undo a crossbow, the detention of the cord that launched the arrow.

## Related pages

- Appeasement
- Cold war
Castoreum

**Castoreum** is the liquid released from the castor sacs of the beaver. It is a yellowish liquid. It is mixed together with the beaver's urine. It is used to mark territory. Both male and female beavers have two castor sacs. They have two glands in two empty spaces under the skin. They are between the pelvis and the base of the tail. The castor sacs are not glands.

Today, castoreum is used to trap animals. It is used also to make perfumes. It is also used as a drug.

### Castoreum in perfume

Castoreum is used in perfume-making. It is used to describe the solution from the alcohol-tinted and dried beaver castor. Dried beaver castor sacs are aged for two or more years. They are aged to soften. They are also aged for their harshness to vanish. In the science of perfume, castoreum is mainly used as a smell for leather. It is often used with other ingredients. There are some classic perfumes that use castor. They are Emeraude, Coty Chanel Cuir de Russie, Magie Noire, Lancôme Caractère, Hechter Madame, Carven, Givenchy III, Shalimar, and many "leather" perfumes.

### Castoreum in medicine

Modern use of castoreum is rare in medicine. However, the dried pair of castors may still be worth more than the beaver's fur. Castoreum appeared in medicine until the 1700s. It was used to treat many different sicknesses. Some of the sicknesses it helped treat are headache, fever, and hysteria. The Romans believed the smells made by burning castoreum could bring about an abortion. Paracelsus thought it could be used in the treatment of seizures. Medieval beekeepers used it to make more honey.

### Other uses

Castoreum is also used to add to the flavor and smell of cigarettes.

## Other websites

- The International Perfume Museum: Castoreum
- http://www.hyraceum.com
Fitzwilliam Virginal Book

The **Fitzwilliam Virginal Book** is an important source of early keyboard music from England. Its name comes from Viscount Fitzwilliam who gave the book to Cambridge University in 1816.
Blue Ridge Mountains

The **Blue Ridge Mountains** are mountains that go across the eastern United States. They go through Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and West Virginia. Its highest point is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina. The first mountain or best known mountain, is Blue Mountain in Pennsylvania. The Blue Ridge Mountains are a part of the Appalachian Mountains.

The blue haze which covers the mountains is caused by isoprene. It is produced by the trees and other plants.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Blue Ridge Mountains
- **photo**: Rainy Blue Ridge-27527.jpg
- **photo size**: 350
- **photo caption**: The Blue Ridge Mountains as seen from the Blue Ridge Parkway near Mount Mitchell in North Carolina
- **country**: United States
- **subdivision1 type**: States
- **parent**: Appalachian Mountains
- **highest**: Mount Mitchell
- **elevation ft**: 6684
- **orogeny**: Grenville orogeny
- **map image**: Appalachian_map.svg
- **map caption**: Appalachian Mountains
Mount Mitchell

**Mount Mitchell** is a mountain in North Carolina. It is  tall, the tallest in the Blue Ridge Mountains. The top of the mountain is the highest point in the United States east of the Black Hills in South Dakota. The mountain was named after Elisha Mitchell, a professor at the University of North Carolina, who determined its height in 1835. Mitchell later fell to his death at nearby Mitchell Falls in 1857, having returned to verify his earlier measurements. The ascent of Mount Mitchell is now rather easy, since a 4.6 mile (7.4 km) road (NC 128) off the historic and scenic Blue Ridge Parkway runs nearby, and a 980-foot (300 m) trail leads through a conifer forest to the summit. The 40-foot (12 m) stone observation tower on the summit was torn down in late 2006. A new observation deck was constructed and opened to visitors in January 2009.[3] Also on the summit is the tomb of Dr. Mitchell.
Sweet Home Alabama

**Sweet Home Alabama** is a song by Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from the album _Second Helping_. It was released in 1974 and reached the #8 spot on the American music charts.

## Meaning

The song was made in response to two songs that Neil Young had made about racism in the Southern United States, called "Southern Man" and "Alabama". The band felt that Young was being unfair to Alabama and the South, so Sweet Home Alabama includes the positive things about the state including the beautiful whether ("where the sky's always blue") and the music heritage (Now Muscle Shoals has got the Swampers / And they've been known to pick a song or two"). The song also protests then-Alabama Governor George Wallace, who was known for his racist views.
Face to Face (band)

**Face to Face** (first known as _Zero Tolerance_) is an American punk rock band from Victorville, California  formed in 1991 by frontman Trever Keith.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Face to Face
- **image**: Scott Shiflett at the Observatory Santa Ana CA Dec 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Face to Face performing at the Observatory in Santa Ana, California in December 2014.
- **img size**: 230
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Victorville, California
- **genre**: Punk rock
- **years active**: 1991-2004
2008-present
- **label**: Dr. Strange Records
Victory Records
Vagrant Records
A&M Records
Fat Wreck Chords
- **associated acts**: Legion of Doom
Me First and the Gimme Gimmes
No Use for a Name
The Offspring
Pulley
Saves the Day
22 Jacks
Viva Death
- **url**: [http://www.facetofacemusic.com/ www.facetofacemusic.com]
- **current members**: Trever Keith
Chad Yaro
Scott Shiflett
Danny Thompson
- **past members**: Mark Haake
Matt Riddle
Rob Kurth
Jose Medeles
Pete Parada
Geffen Records

## Description

**Geffen Records** is an American record label, owned by Universal Music Group. It was made in 1980 by David Geffen. It is worked as one third of UMG's Interscope-Geffen-A&M label group.

They are home to popular artists such as **Nirvana**, **Guns N' Roses**, and **Elton John,** and modern stars such as **Olivia Rodrigo**.

They are also most known for their recent partnership with **HYBE Entertainment**, forming the now successful and renowned group KATSEYE.  A second, 4-member group is scheduled for **2026**, featuring three (3) former **Dream Academy** contestants, **Emily**, **Samara**, and **Lexie**, with the final member being selected through a new **ABEMA** survival series.

## Background

Following the 1998 merger of **PolyGram** and **Universal Music Group** [UMG], **Geffen Records** underwent a substantial structural reorganization. In early 1999, the label was folded into the newly formed **Interscope Geffen A&M (IGA)** group. This transition marked the end of **Geffen** as a fully independent powerhouse and the beginning of its life as a major frontline imprint within a "mega-label" structure.

## References

1. "About Geffen Records". katseye.fandom.com/wiki/Geffen_Records
1. "Geffen Records, Inc.". encyclopedia.com/economics/economics-magazines/geffen-records-inc
1. "Story of Katseye". katseye.world/story-of-katseye
1. "PRELUDE: The Final Piece". billboardphilippines.com/music/news/hybe-geffen-records-new-girl-group-prelude-the-final-piece

## Infobox (record label)

- **type**: Subsidiary
- **parent**: Universal Music Group
- **founded**: 1980
- **founder**: David Geffen
- **distributor**: Interscope-Geffen-A&M
(In the United States, US)
Polydor Records
(Outside of the US)
- **genre**: Various
- **country**: USA
- **location**: New York City
- **url**: [http://www.geffen.com/ Geffen.com]
Fast Forward Weekly

**Fast Forward Weekly** (FFWD) is a news and entertainment weekly which has news, alternative viewpoints, entertainment information, review articles and specialized advertising. It is distributed throughout Calgary, Banff and Canmore. It is owned by Great West Newspapers, LP. With an assessed readership of 70,000 upon a distributed circulation of 30,000, the paper is one of the most widely read and well-liked newspapers in Canada.

## Infobox (newspaper)

- **name**: Fast Forward Weekly
- **type**: Alternative weekly
- **foundation**: December 1995
- **owners**: Great West Newspapers, LP
- **publisher**: Ian Chiclo
- **editor**: Carol Harrington
- **language**: English
- **headquarters**: Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- **website**: [http://www.ffwdweekly.com http://www.ffwdweekly.com]
Seismic performance

**Seismic performance** is an execution of a building structure's ability to sustain its due functions, such as safety and serviceability, _at_ and _after_ a particular earthquake. A structure is, normally, considered _safe_ if it does not endanger the lives and wellbeing of those in or around it by partially or completely collapsing. A structure may be considered _serviceable_ if it is able to fulfill its operational functions for which it was designed.

Ancient builders believed that earthquakes were a result of wrath of gods (in Greek mythology, e.g., the main "Earth-Shaker" was Poseidon) and, therefore, could not be resisted by humans.

Nowadays, the people's attitude has changed dramatically though seismic loads, sometimes, exceed ability of a structure to resist them without being broken, partially or completely.

## Related pages

- Richter scale
- Tsunami
- Volcano
Silent majority

A **silent majority** is a large group of people who support something but choose not to express their opinions publicly.

This term was made popular by US President Richard Nixon in a speech he gave on November 3 1969, about the Vietnam War. Nixon said "And so tonight, to you, the great silent majority of my fellow Americans; I ask for your support." The opposite of the silent majority were a noisy minority, a small group of people, who Nixon said tried to get their way by holding demonstrations in the streets.

After World War II, many people claimed they had no idea of what was happening with the concentration camps in Nazi Germany. However, many Germans opposed but did not openly fight them.

## Other websites

- The full text and an mp3 of Nixon's speech
Emperor Ingyō

was the 19th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Ingyō to be possibly legendary, but probable.  The name Ingyō_-tennō_ was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

## Traditional history

The _Kojiki_ and _Nihon Shoki_ record that Ingyō was the fourth son of Emperor Nintoku. He was the younger brother of Emperor Hanzei.

Ingyō made one of his brothers his heir, but this plan did not unfold as planned.  Instead, his brother's sons would attain the throne.  Ingyō would be followed by his nephews, Emperor Ankō and Emperor Yūryaku.

## Events of Ingyō's life

Very little is known about the events of Ingyō's life and reign. Only limited information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.

The earliest recorded earthquake in Japan was in 416. The Imperial Palace in Kyoto was destroyed.

### After his death

This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Ingyō.

According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor's final resting place is in an earthen tumulus (_kofun_). Ingyō is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (_misasagi_) in Fujiidera, which is a city near Osaka.

## Related pages

- Emperor of Japan
- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese imperial family tree
- Kofun period

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Ingyō
- **succession**: Emperor of Japan
- **image**: Emperor Ingyō.jpg
- **reign**: 412–453 (traditional)
- **predecessor**: Emperor Hanzei, Hanzei
- **successor**: Emperor Ankō, Ankō
- **issue**: See Emperor Ingyō#Consorts and children, below
- **birth date**: 376
- **royal house**: Yamato dynasty, Yamato
- **father**: Emperor Nintoku
- **mother**: Princess Iwa, Princess Iwanohime
- **place of burial**: _Ega no Naganu no kita no misasagi_ (Osaka)