juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Endless Forms Most Beautiful

***Endless Forms Most Beautiful*** is the eighth album by the Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwish.

## Track listing

1. "Shudder Before the Beautiful" - 6:29
1. "Weak Fantasy" - 5:23
1. "Élan" - 4:45
1. "Yours Is an Empty Hope" - 5:34
1. "Our Decades in the Sun" - 6:37
1. "My Walden" - 4:38
1. "Endless Forms Most Beautiful" - 5:07
1. "Edema Ruh" - 5:15
1. "Alpenglow" - 4:45
1. "The Eyes of Sharbat Gula" - 6:03
1. "The Greatest Show on Earth" - 24:00

## Personnel

- Floor Jansen – vocals
- Tuomas Holopainen – keyboards
- Emppu Vuorinen – guitars
- Marco Hietala – bass guitar
- Kai Hahto – drums
- Troy Donockley – uilleann pipes, low whistles, bodhran, bouzouki, male vocals, backing vocals
Günter Rittner

**Günter Rittner** (11 March 192723 November 2020) was a German painter and illustrator. He was one of the best known German portrayers. He was known for his official portrait of German Chancellors Ludwig Erhard, Kurt Georg Kiesinger and Helmut Schmidt. Many of his works are found at the Bundeskanzleramt in Berlin.

Rittner was born in Breslau, Germany. He lived in Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands. Rittner died at his home in Munich on 23 November 2020 at the age of 93.
Human. :II: Nature.

***Human. :II: Nature.*** is the ninth album by the Finnish symphonic metal group Nightwish.

### CD 1

1. "Music" - 7:23
1. "Noise" - 5:40
1. "Shoemaker" - 5:19
1. "Harvest" - 5:13
1. "Pan" - 5:18
1. "How's the Heart?" - 5:02
1. "Procession" - 5:31
1. "Tribal" - 3:56
1. "Endlessness" – 7:11

### CD 2

1. "Vista" - 3:59
1. "The Blue" - 3:35
1. "The Green" - 4:42
1. "Moors" - 4:44
1. "Aurorae" 2:07
1. "Quiet as the Snow" - 4:05
1. "Anthropocene" - 3:05
1. "Ad Astra" - 4:41

## Personnel

- Floor Jansen – vocals
- Tuomas Holopainen – keyboards
- Emppu Vuorinen – guitars
- Marco Hietala – bass guitar
- Kai Hahto – drums
- Troy Donockley – uilleann pipes, low whistles, bodhran, bouzouki, male vocals, backing vocals
Paul Nyman

**Paul Nyman** (3 March 1929 – 25 November 2020) was a Russian-born Finnish cyclist. He won the Finnish national road race title in 1955, 1956 and 1958. He also competed at the 1952, 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics.

He started in Peace Race four times: 1954 -did not finish, 1955 - 12., 1956 - 4. (this was the best result of a Finnish rider in this race), 1957 - 22. He was born in Vyborg, Russia.

Nyman died on 25 November 2020 in Helsinki, Finland at the age of 91.
Vladimir Ivanov (athlete)

**Vladimir Vasilev Ivanov** (, 23 April 1955 – 26 November 2020) was a Bulgarian sprinter. He was born in Sofia. He competed in 400 metres at the 1980 European Indoor Championships. At the 1980 Olympics he finished sixth.

Ivanov died from COVID-19-related problems in Sofia, Bulgaria on 26 November 2020, aged 65.
Gene Fraise

**Eugene S. "Gene" Fraise** (May 7, 1932 – November 27, 2020) was an American politician. He was a member of the Iowa Senate from the 46th district from 1986 until 2013. He was born in West Point, Iowa. Fraise was a member of the Democratic Party.

Fraise died of COVID-19 on November 27, 2020, in West Burlington, Iowa at age 88.
Madieng Khary Dieng

**Madieng Khary Dieng** (21 November 1932 – 27 November 2020) was a Senegalese politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party. He was a government minister several times during Abdou Diouf's presidency. Dieng was Minister of the Interior from 1991 to 1993. He also was an Ambassador to The Gambia from 1996 to 1998

Dieng was born in Coki, Senegal. He died on 27 November 2020 in Rabat, Morocco at the age of 88.
Hakam Balawi

**Hakam Umar As‘ad Balawi** (Arabic: **حكم بلعاوي**; 1938 – November 2020) was a Palestinian politician and writer. He was an Ambassador to Libya and Tunisia from 1973 to 1975 and from 1983 to 1984. He also was the Interior Minister from 2003 to 2005 during the Yasser Arafat cabinet.

Balawi was born in Bal'a, British Mandate of Palestine. He died on 28 November 2020 at the age of 82.
Jan Kilian (politician)

**Jan Kilian** (27 December 1953 – 28 November 2020) was a Polish politician and businessman. He was a member of the Law and Justice Party. Kilian was born in Starogard Gdański, Poland. He was a member of the Sejm from 2015 until 2019.

Kilian died on 28 November 2020 at the age of 66.
Starogard Gdański

**Starogard Gdański** (; until 1950 **Starogard**, meaning "the old stronghold"; Pomeranian/; ) is a town in Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland with 48,328 people living here in 2004.
John Kilian

**John Kilian** also ,  (March 22, 1811 – September 12, 1884), sometimes known as **Jan Kilian**, was a German-American Lutheran pastor. He was the leader of the colony known as the Wends of Texas.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Kilian
- **image**: John Kilian portrait (retouched).jpg
- **birth place**: Kubschütz, Doehlen, Kingdom of Saxony, Confederation of the Rhine
- **death place**: Serbin, Texas
Serbin, Texas

**Serbin** is an unincorporated community in southwestern Lee County, Texas, United States. It is located about  east of Austin.

## Other websites

- St. Paul Lutheran Church, Serbin, TX
- Texas Wendish Heritage Society
- Worldwide Wendish Connection
- Views inside church

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Serbin
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated community
- **image skyline**: Texas Wendish Museum.JPG
- **image caption**: Texas Wendish Heritage Museum
- **pushpin map**: Texas#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of Texas
- **map caption**: Location within Lee county
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Lee County, Texas, Lee
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2000, 2000
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (Americas), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 78942
- **area code**: Area code 979, 979
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
Matosinhos

**Matosinhos** () is a city and a municipality in the northern Porto district of Portugal. It bordered in the south by the city of Porto (8 km from the city centre). The population in 2011 was 175,478.

## Infobox (portuguese subdivision)

- **type**: municipality
- **image flag**: Pt-mts3.png
- **image shield**: MTS1.png
- **image map**: LocalMatosinhos.svg
- **region**: Norte Region, Portugal, Norte
- **metro**: Metropolitan Area of Porto, Porto
- **district**: Porto District, Porto
- **leader party**: Socialist Party (Portugal), PS
- **leader name**: Luísa Salgueiro
- **area total km2**: 62.42
- **population total**: 175,478
- **population as of**: 2011
- **parishes**: #Parishes, 4
- **website**: http://www.cm-matosinhos.pt
Leixões S.C.

**Leixões Sport Club**, commonly known as **Leixões** (), is a Portuguese sports club from Matosinhos. It is organised into many parts for sports, such as football, boxing, karate, volleyball, swimming and billiards.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Leixões
- **fullname**: Leixões Sport Club
- **nickname**: _Os Bebés_ (The Babies)
_Heróis do Mar_ (Sea Heroes)
- **founded**: 1907
- **ground**: Estádio do Mar
- **capacity**: 6,798
- **league**: Liga 2
- **season**: 2022/23
- **position**: 15th
- **pattern la1**: _leixoes1718h
- **pattern b1**: _leixoes1718h
- **pattern ra1**: _leixoes1718h
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- **body2**: ffffff
- **rightarm2**: ffffff
- **shorts2**: ffffff
- **socks2**: ffffff
- **website**: http://www.leixoessc.pt/
Portimonense S.C.

**Portimonense Sporting Clube** is a Portuguese sports club based in Portimão. It was founded on 14 August 1914. They are known for its professional football team, which currently plays in the Liga Portugal 2.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Portimonense
- **fullname**: Portimonense Sporting Clube
- **founded**: 1914
- **ground**: Estádio Municipal de Portimão, Estádio Municipal, Portimão,
Algarve, Portugal
- **capacity**: 9,544
- **chairman**: Fernando Rocha
- **chrtitle**: President
- **manager**: Paulo Sérgio Bento Brito, Paulo Sérgio
- **mgrtitle**: Head coach
- **league**: Primeira Liga
- **season**: 2022/23
- **position**: Primeira Liga, 15th of 18
- **website**: http://www.portimonense.pt
- **pattern la1**: _portimonense1617h
- **pattern b1**: _portimonense1920h
- **pattern ra1**: _portimonense1617h
- **leftarm1**: ffffff
- **body1**: 000000
- **rightarm1**: ffffff
- **shorts1**: 000000
- **socks1**: ffffff
- **pattern la2**: _portimonense1920a
- **pattern b2**: _portimonense1920a
- **pattern ra2**: _portimonense1920a
- **pattern sh2**: _portimonense1920a
- **leftarm2**: FFE303
- **body2**: FFE303
- **rightarm2**: FFE303
- **shorts2**: ffffff
- **socks2**: FF6600
F.C. Paços de Ferreira

**Futebol Clube Paços de Ferreira** () is a Portuguese football club based in Paços de Ferreira, Porto district. It was founded in 1950. They currently play in the Primeira Liga.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Paços de Ferreira
- **image size**: 160px
- **fullname**: Futebol Clube
Paços de Ferreira
- **nickname**: _Os Castores_ (The Beavers)
_Pacenses_ (Those from Paços)
- **ground**: Estádio da Mata Real
- **capacity**: 9,077
- **chairman**: Paulo Meneses
- **manager**: Pepa (footballer), Pepa
- **league**: Liga 2
- **season**: 2022/23
- **position**: Primeira Liga, 17th of 18 (relegated)
- **website**: http://www.fcpf.pt/
- **pattern la1**: _pacosferreira2021h
- **pattern b1**: _pacosferreira2021h
- **pattern ra1**: _pacosferreira2021h
- **pattern sh1**: _pacosferreira2021h
- **pattern so1**: _pacosferreira2021h
- **leftarm1**: FFDD00
- **body1**: FFDD00
- **rightarm1**: FFDD00
- **shorts1**: 114422
- **socks1**: FFDD00
- **pattern la2**: _pacosferreira2021a
- **pattern b2**: _pacosferreira2021a
- **pattern ra2**: _pacosferreira2021a
- **leftarm2**: FFFFFF
- **body2**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm2**: FFFFFF
- **shorts2**: 000000
- **socks2**: 000000
Jean-Louis Servan-Schreiber

**Jean-Louis Servan-Schreiber** (31 October 1937 – 28 November 2020) was a French journalist and human rights activist. He was the co-founder of _L'Expansion_ and the founder of _Psychologies_ and Radio Classique. He was the author of several books. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France. He was a member of the Human Rights Watch from 2007 until his death.

Servan-Schreiber died on 28 November 2020 in Paris of COVID-19, aged 83.
Sahibzada Farooq Ali

**Sahibzada Farooq Ali** (5 September 1931 – 29 November 2020) was a Pakistani politician. He was the ninth Speaker of National Assembly of Pakistan from 9 August 1973 to 27 March 1977. He was born in Ghakhar Mandi, British Raj. Ali was a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party. He was a member of the assembly from 1972 to 1977.

Ali died on 29 November 2020 in Multan, Pakistan at the age of 89.
Asad Qaiser

**Asad Qaiser** (; born 15 November 1969) is a Pakistani politician. He was the Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan, in office from August 2018 to April 2022. He has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, since August 2018.

In April 2020, Qaiser tested positive for COVID-19 during the coronavirus pandemic in Pakistan.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Asad Qaiser
- **image**: Asad Qaiser.jpg
- **office**: Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
- **deputy**: Qasim Suri
- **term start**: 15 August 2018
- **term end**: 16 April 2022
- **predecessor**: Sardar Ayaz Sadiq
- **successor**: Raja Pervaiz Ashraf
- **office1**: Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan
- **term start1**: 13 August 2018
- **constituency1**: NA-18 (Swabi-I)
- **office2**: 14th Speaker of Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
- **deputy2**: Imtiaz Shahid
- **term start2**: 30 May 2013
- **term end2**: 13 August 2018
- **predecessor2**: Kiramat Ullah Khan
- **successor2**: Mushtaq Ahmed Ghani
- **office3**: Member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
- **term start3**: 29 May 2013
- **term end3**: 28 May 2018
- **constituency3**: Constituency PK-35 (Swabi-V), PK-35 (Swabi-V)
- **birth place**: Marghuz, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- **party**: Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
- **nationality**: Pakistani
- **alma mater**: University of Peshawar
Ayaz Sadiq

**Sardar Ayaz Sadiq** (; born 17 October 1954) is a Pakistani politician. He has been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since August 2018. He was a member of the National Assembly from 2002 to May 2018. He was the 19th Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan from June 2013 to August 2015 and again from November 2015 to August 2018.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ayaz Sadiq
- **image**: Sardar Ayaz Sadiq in July 2025 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan, 19th Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
- **predecessor**: Murtaza Javed Abbasi (Acting)
- **successor**: Asad Qaiser
- **term start**: 9 November 2015
- **term end**: 15 August 2018
- **deputy**: Murtaza Javed Abbasi
- **term start1**: 3 June 2013
- **term end1**: 22 August 2015
- **predecessor1**: Fahmida Mirza
- **deputy1**: Murtaza Javed Abbasi
- **successor1**: Murtaza Javed Abbasi (Acting)
- **office2**: Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan
- **term start2**: 13 August 2018
- **constituency2**: NA-129 (Lahore-VII)
- **term start3**: 18 November 2002
- **term end3**: 31 May 2018
- **constituency3**: NA-122 (Lahore-V)
- **birth place**: Lahore, West Punjab, Punjab, Dominion of Pakistan, Pakistan
- **party**: Pakistan Muslim League (N)

- **otherparty**: Pakistan Muslim League
- **nationality**: Pakistani
- **alma mater**: Aitchison College
- **children**: 3
Chaudhry Amir Hussain

**Chaudhry Amir Hussain** (born 22 June 1942) is a Pakistani politician. He was the 17th Speaker of National Assembly of Pakistan from 2002 to 2008.

Hussain lost his re-election to the parliament in the February 2008 election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Chaudhry Amir Hussain
- **image**: Chaudhry Amir Hussain.jpg
- **office**: Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan, 17th Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
- **honorific prefix**: Honorable
- **deputy**: Sardar Muhammad Yaqoob Khan
- **term start**: 19 September 2002
- **term end**: 19 March 2008
- **predecessor**: Elahi Bux Soomro
- **successor**: Fahmida Mirza
- **birth place**: Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir (princely state), Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)
<small>(now Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir, India)</small>
- **party**: Pakistan Muslim League <small>(Before 1985)</small>
Pakistan Muslim League (F), Pakistan Muslim League-
Functional <small>(1985–1988)</small>
Pakistan Muslim League (N), Pakistan Muslim League-
Nawaz <small>(1988–2002)</small>
Pakistan Muslim League (Q), Pakistan Muslim League-
Quaid <small>(2002–present)</small>
- **alma mater**: University of the Punjab
Gohar Ayub Khan

**Gohar Ayub Khan** (; 8 January 1937 – 17 November 2023) was a Pakistani politician, businessman and retired army officer. He was a member of the Pakistan Muslim League. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs during the administration of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif from 1997 to 1998.

Ayub Khan was also the 14th Speaker of the National Assembly from 1990 to 1993.

Ayub Khan died on 17 November 2023 at a hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan from a short-illness at the age of 86.

## Other websites

- Universal Insurance: Board of Directors

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gohar Ayub Khan
<small>گوہر ایوب خان</small>
- **image**: Gohar Ayub Khan (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Gohar Ayub Khan in 2004
- **office**: Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **primeminister**: Nawaz Sharif
- **term start**: 25 February 1997
- **term end**: 7 August 1998
- **predecessor**: Sahabzada Yaqub Khan <small>(Acting)</small>
- **successor**: Sartaj Aziz
- **office1**: 14th Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan, Speaker of the National Assembly
- **deputy1**: M. Nawaz Khokhar, Nawaz Khokhar
- **term start1**: 4 November 1990
- **term end1**: 17 October 1993
- **predecessor1**: Malik Meraj Khalid
- **successor1**: Yousaf Raza Gillani
- **birth place**: Rehana, British Raj
<small>(Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)</small>
- **death place**: Islamabad, Pakistan
- **party**: Pakistan Muslim League <small>(Before 1977)</small>
Tehrik-e-Istiqlal, Independence Movement <small>(1977–1985)</small>
Pakistan Muslim League (F), Pakistan Muslim League-
Functional <small>(1985–1988)</small>
Pakistan Muslim League (N), Pakistan Muslim League-
Nawaz <small>(1988–present)</small>
- **otherparty**: Islami Jamhoori Ittehad, Islamic Democratic Alliance <small>(1988–1990)</small>
- **alma mater**: Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
- **nickname**: Kaptaan
- **serviceyears**: 1957–1962
- **rank**: Captain (OF-2), Captain
- **unit**: 1/14 Punjab
- **battles**: 1958 Pakistani coup d'état
Muhammad Mian Soomro

**Muhammad Mian Soomro** Sindhi: محمد میاں سومرو; born 19 August 1950) is a Pakistanii politician and a banker. He was the Chairman of the Senate from 2003 to 2009. He also was the caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2007 to 2008 and the acting President of Pakistan from 18 August 2008 to 9 September 2008.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Muhammad Mian Soomro
<span lang="ur">محمد میاں سومرو</span>
- **image**: Muhammad Mian Soomro.jpg
- **office**: Ministry of Privatisation (Pakistan), Minister of Privatisation
- **president**: Arif Alvi
- **term start**: October 5, 2018
- **predecessor**: Shamshad Akhtar (caretaker)
- **office1**: President of Pakistan
- **status1**: Acting
- **primeminister1**: Yousaf Raza Gillani
- **term start1**: 18 August 2008
- **term end1**: 9 September 2008
- **predecessor1**: Pervez Musharraf
- **successor1**: Asif Ali Zardari
- **office2**: Prime Minister of Pakistan
- **status2**: Caretaker
- **president2**: Pervez Musharraf
- **term start2**: 16 November 2007
- **term end2**: 24 March 2008
- **predecessor2**: Shaukat Aziz
- **successor2**: Yousaf Raza Gillani
- **office3**: 4th Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan, Chairman of the Senate
- **term start3**: 9 September 2008
- **term end3**: 11 March 2009
- **predecessor3**: Jan Mohammad Jamali <small>(Acting)</small>
- **successor3**: Farooq Naek
- **term start4**: 25 March 2008
- **term end4**: 18 August 2008
- **predecessor4**: Jan Mohammad Jamali <small>(Acting)</small>
- **successor4**: Jan Mohammad Jamali <small>(Acting)</small>
- **term start5**: 23 March 2003
- **term end5**: 16 November 2007
- **predecessor5**: Wasim Sajjad
- **successor5**: Jan Mohammad Jamali <small>(Acting)</small>
- **office6**: Governor of Sindh
- **term start6**: 25 May 2000
- **term end6**: 26 December 2002
- **predecessor6**: Azim Daudpota
- **successor6**: Ishrat-ul-Ibad Khan
- **birth place**: Karachi, Dominion of Pakistan, Pakistan
- **otherparty**: Pakistan Muslim League (Q)
- **party**: Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
- **alma mater**: Forman Christian College
- **father**: Ahmed Mian Soomro
- **primeminister**: Imran Khan
Raza Rabbani

**Mian Raza Rabbani** (Urdu:; born 23 July 1953) is a Pakistani politician who served as the 7th Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan from March 2015 to March 2018.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Raza Rabbani
- **image**: Raza Rabbani.jpg
- **office**: 7th Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan
- **term start**: 12 March 2015
- **term end**: 11 March 2018
- **predecessor**: Nayyar Hussain Bukhari
- **successor**: Sadiq Sanjrani
- **office3**: Law Minister of Pakistan, Minister of State for Law and Justice
- **primeminister3**: Benazir Bhutto
- **term start3**: 19 October 1993
- **term end3**: 5 November 1996
- **predecessor3**: Saima Akhtar Bharwana
- **successor3**: Tehmina Daultana
- **birth place**: Lahore, West Punjab, Punjab, Dominion of Pakistan, Pakistan
- **party**: Pakistan Peoples Party
- **alma mater**: University of Karachi
- **awards**: Nishan-e-Imtiaz
Sadiq Sanjrani

**Muhammad Sadiq Sanjrani** (; born 14 April 1978) is a Pakistani politician. He is the 8th and current Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan. He took his oath of office as Member and Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan on 12 March 2018.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: 2018-11-07 Parlamentarier bei Versammlung des Asiatischen Parlaments (APA) in Gwadar Pakistan 2.jpg
- **caption**: Sadiq Sanjrani (2020)
- **name**: Sadiq Sanjrani
- **office**: 8th Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan
- **term start**: 12 March 2018
- **predecessor**: Raza Rabbani
- **office1**: Member of the Senate of Pakistan
- **term start1**: 12 March 2018
- **constituency1**: General seat from Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan
- **birth place**: Nok Kundi, Balochistan, Pakistan
- **party**: Independent
- **alma mater**: University of Balochistan
- **1blankname**: Deputy
- **1namedata**: Saleem Mandviwalla
Gulzar Ahmed

**Gulzar Ahmed** (; born 2 February 1957) is a Pakistani jurist. He is the 27th and current Chief Justice of Pakistan. He was nominated by President Arif Alvi. On 21 December 2019, Ahmed took office.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gulzar Ahmed

- **office**: Chief Justice of Pakistan#List of Chief Justices, 27th  Chief Justice of Pakistan
- **appointer**: Arif Alvi
- **predecessor**: Asif Saeed Khosa
- **term start**: 21 December 2019
- **office1**: Senior Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan
- **predecessor1**: Asif Saeed Khan Khosa
- **successor1**: Mushir Alam
- **term start1**: 18 January 2019
- **term end1**: 20 December 2019
- **office2**: Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan
- **appointer2**: Asif Ali Zardari
- **term start2**: 16 November 2011
- **office3**: Justice of the Sindh High Court
- **term start3**: 27 August 2002
- **term end3**: 16 November 2011
- **birth place**: Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- **nationality**: Demography of Pakistan, Pakistani
- **father**: Noor Muhammad
- **alma mater**: Gulistan School, Karachi (elementary)
Government National College, Karachi (B.A)
Sindh Muslim Law College
Nazim Hussain Siddiqui

**Nazim Hussain Siddiqui** (Urdu: ; 30 June 1940 – 15 January 2022) was a Pakistani jurist. He was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, from 31 December 2003 to 29 June 2005.

He retired from service on 29 June 2005.

Siddiqui died on 15 January 2022 in Karachi, Pakistan at the age of 81.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Nazim Hussain Siddiqui
<small></small>
- **office**: Chief Justice of Pakistan#List of Chief Justices, 19th Chief Justice of Pakistan
- **appointer**: Pervez Musharraf
- **predecessor**: Sheikh Riaz Ahmad
- **successor**: Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry
- **office2**: Sindh High Court#Former Chief Justices, Chief Justice Sindh High Court
- **predecessor2**: Kamal Mansur Alam
- **successor2**: Syed Deedar Hussain Shah
- **birth place**: Hyderabad, Sindh, Hyderabad, British Raj
<small>(now Pakistan)</small>
- **death place**: Karachi, Pakistan
- **spouse**: Memona Nazim
- **children**: Saima Arshad
Sadaf Adeel
Barrister Saad Siddiqui
- **alma mater**: University of Karachi
- **term start**: 31 December 2003
- **term end**: 29 June 2005
- **term start2**: 22 April 1999
- **term end2**: 3 February 2000
Sheikh Riaz Ahmad

(Urdu : ; born 9 March 1938) is a Pakistani judge. He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan from February 1, 2002 to December 31, 2003.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Nonigon
<small>شیخ ریاض احمد</small>
- **office**: Chief Justice of Pakistan#List of Chief Justices, 18th Chief Justice of Pakistan
- **appointer**: Pervez Musharraf
- **term start**: 1 February 2002
- **term end**: 31 December 2003
- **predecessor**: Bashir Jehangiri
- **successor**: Nazim Hussain Siddiqui
- **alma mater**: University of the Punjab
Bashir Jehangiri

Justice **Muhammad Bashir Jehangiri** (Urdu : ****, born 1 February 1937) is a Pakistani politician and lawyer. He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan from 7 January 2002 to 31 January 2002.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bashir Jehangiri
<small>محمد بشیر جہانگیری</small>
- **office**: Chief Justice of Pakistan#List of Chief Justices, 17th Chief Justice of Pakistan
- **appointer**: Pervez Musharraf
- **term start**: 7 January 2002
- **term end**: 31 January 2002
- **predecessor**: Irshad Hasan Khan
- **successor**: Sheikh Riaz Ahmad
- **birth place**: Mansehra, British Raj
<small>(now Pakistan)</small>
- **alma mater**: University of Peshawar
Irshad Hasan Khan

Justice **Irshad Hasan Khan** (Urdu : ) (born 7 January 1937) is a Pakistani politician and lawyer. He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan from 26 January 2000 to 6 January 2002.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Irshad Hasan Khan
<small>ارشاد حسن خان</small>
- **image**: Justice Irshad Hasan Khan.png
- **office**: Chief Justice of Pakistan#List of Chief Justices, 16th Chief Justice of Pakistan
- **appointer**: Muhammad Rafiq Tarar
- **term start**: 26 January 2000
- **term end**: 6 January 2002
- **predecessor**: Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui
- **successor**: Bashir Jehangiri
- **birth place**: Lahore, British Raj
<small>(now Pakistan)</small>
- **alma mater**: University of the Punjab
Vladimir Fortov

**Vladimir Yevgenyevich Fortov** (; 23 January 1946 – 29 November 2020) was a Russian physicist. He was director of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures from 1992 to 2013. He was president of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 2013 to 2017. In 1991, he became a member of the academy.

He was known for his research in thermal physics, shock waves and plasma physics.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1998.

Fortov died on 29 November 2020 in Moscow from COVID-19 at the age of 74.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Vladimir Fortov
- **image**: Science talk (2016-04-27) 02.jpg
- **office**: President  of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- **term start**: 29 May 2013
- **term end**: 22 March 2017
- **successor**: Valery Kozlov (acting)
- **birth place**: Noginsk, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
- **death place**: Moscow, Russia
- **alma mater**: Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
- **profession**: Academic of Russian Academy of Sciences
Ioannis Tassias

**Ioannis Tassias** (1 October 1958 – 15 November 2020) was a Greek Orthodox bishop. He was the Metropolitan of Langadas as **Ioannis of Langada** from 2010 until his death in 2020. He was born in Thessaloniki, Greece.

On 13 November 2020, Tassias was hospitalized with COVID-19 in Thessaloniki. He died two days later from problems caused by the infection at the age of 62. He became the first Metropolitan of the Church of Greece to die from the pandemic.

## Other websites

- Ioannis Tassias on the website of the Metropolis of Langada
- Ioannis of Langada on OrthodoxWiki
Dimitris Kremastinos

**Dimitris Kremastinos** (; 1 May 1942 – 8 May 2020) was a Greek politician and physician. He was a  member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Kremastinos was the Minister of Health, Welfare and Social Insurance from 1993 to 1996. He also was a member of the Hellenic Parliament from 2000 to 2004 and again from 2009 to 2019. From 2015 to 2019, he was the Vice-President of the parliament.

On 26 March 2020, Kremastinos was hospitalized in Athens with COVID-19. He died two weeks later on 8 May from the infection, aged 78.
Édouard Marquis

**Édouard Marquis** (17 August 1969 – 23 November 2020) was a French radio and television host, journalist, and producer. He was born in Paris. Marquis produced reports for France 2, Télé emploi, France 5, and MCM.

Marquis died on 23 November 2020 in Montluçon, France from a long-illness at the age of 51.
Giorgio Morales

**Giorgio Morales** (26 March 1932 – 29 November 2020) was an Italian politician and activist. He was Mayor of Florence from 2 October 1989 to 24 April 1995. He was a member of both Socialist and Forza Italia. Morales was born in La Spezia, Italy.

Morales died on 29 November 2020 from pneumonia-related problems in Florence, aged 88.
La Spezia

**La Spezia** (,  <small>or</small> , ;  in the local Spezzino dialect) is the capital city of the province of La Spezia.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: La Spezia
- **official name**: Comune della Spezia
- **image skyline**: La Spezia - L'arsenale.JPG
- **image caption**: Panorama of La Spezia
- **image shield**: Blason de la commune de La Spezia (Italie).svg
- **region**: Liguria
- **province**: Province of La Spezia, La Spezia (SP)
- **frazioni**: Biassa, Cadimare, Campiglia, Fabiano Alto/Coregna, Isola di Felettino, Marinasco/Sarbia, Marola, Pitelli, San Venerio/Carozzo
- **mayor party**: centre-right
- **mayor**: Pierluigi Peracchini
- **area total km2**: 51
- **population footnotes**: , "La Spezia 2019"
- **population total**: 93288
- **population as of**: 31 December 2019
- **population demonym**: Spezzini
- **elevation m**: 10
- **saint**: St. Joseph
- **day**: 19 March
- **postal code**: 19100, 19121–19126, 19131–19139
- **area code**: 0187
Mohammad Afzal Cheema

**Mohammad Afzal Cheema** (; 1913 – 4 August 2008) was a Pakistani politician and judge. Cheema was the only Pakistani to reach the top positions in all branches of state. He was the acting President of Pakistan from 1962 to 1963.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **office**: Supreme Court of Pakistan, Senior Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan
- **appointer**: Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry
- **termend**: 1979
- **termstart**: 1975
- **office1**: 4th Senior Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
- **predecessor1**: Cecil Edward Gibbon
- **successor1**: Abdul Qasim
- **termend1**: 22 January 1965
- **termstart1**: 11 June 1962
- **birth date**: 1913
- **birth place**: Punjab Province (British India)
- **death date**: 2008
- **alma mater**: University of the Punjab
Sheikh Anwarul Haq

Chief Justice **Sheikh Anwarul Haq** (‎ ; 11 May 1917 – 3 March 1995), was a Pakistani jurist and an academic. He was the 9th Chief Justice of Pakistan from 23 September 1977 until resigning on 25 March 1981. Between 1973 to 1978, he was the Acting (and is sometime referred to as the 20th) President of Pakistan.
Fazlul Qadir Chaudhry

**Fazlul Quader Chaudhury** (26 March 1919–17 July 1973) was a Bengali politician. He was the 5th speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan from East Pakistan. He was also the Acting President of Pakistan from 1963 to 1965.
Juan de Dios Román

**Juan de Dios Roman Seco** (17 December 1942 – 28 November 2020) was a Spanish handball coach and executive. He was born in Merida, Spain.

His coaching career lasted between 1964 to 2000. He coached the Atlético Madrid BM, BM Ciudad Real and the national team. He led the national team into the 2000 Summer Olympics and won the bronze medal.

Between 2008 to 2013, he was the president of the Royal Spanish Handball Federation.

Román died of a stroke on 28 November 2020 in Madrid at the age of 77.
Merida

**Mérida** or **Merida** may refer to:

## Places

- Mérida (state), one of the 23 states which make up Venezuela
- Mérida, Venezuela, the capital city of the state of Mérida, Venezuela
- Merida, Leyte, Philippines, a municipality in the province of Leyte
- Mérida, Spain, the capital city of the autonomous community of Extremadura
- Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico, the capital city of the state of Yucatán
- or , an ancient name for Mardin, Turkey

## Football clubs

- CP Mérida, a defunct club in Mérida, Spain
- Estudiantes de Mérida, Venezuela
- Imperio de Mérida CP, Mérida, Spain
- Mérida AD, a club in Mérida, Spain
- Mérida F.C., Mexico
- Mérida UD, a defunct club in Mérida, Spain

## Other uses

- Merida (Disney), the main character of the 2012 animated film _Brave_
- Merida (Dragon Prince), a fictional people created by fantasy author Melanie Rawn for her _Dragon Prince_ series
- _Merida_ (moth), a genus of moth in the family Geometridae
- Merida Bikes, one of the world's largest bicycle makers, based in Taiwan
- Mérida Initiative, an American-led drug interdiction program for Mexico and Central America
- Mérida sunangel (_Heliangelus spencei_), a species of hummingbird native to Venezuela
- Fran Mérida, a Spanish footballer
- , several ships with the name Merida
- Bahrain–Merida Pro Cycling Team, a professional cycling team
Philippe Clair

**Philippe Clair** (14 September 1930 – 28 November 2020) was a Moroccan-born French actor, director, producer, screenwriter, and comedian. He was born in Ahfir, Morocco. His career lasted from 1950 to 2013. He was known for starring in the 1962 comedy _Girl on the Road_. He also directed, produced and wrote the comedies _Déclic et des claques_ (1965) and _Par où t'es rentré ? On t'a pas vu sortir_ (1984).

Clair died on 28 November 2020 at the age of 90.
Koshebe massacre

The **Koshebe massacre** took place on 28 November 2020 in the village of Koshebe, Borno State, northeastern Nigeria. About 110 civilians, mostly farmers from Sokoto State, were killed; six others were wounded. The attack occurred as they worked in rice fields 31 kilometers (19 miles) to the northeast of the city of Maiduguri. Crops worth millions of Naira were also destroyed in an attack thought to be carried out by
Undercover Burns

"**Undercover Burns**" is the first episode of the thirty-second season of _The Simpsons_. It was first shown on the Fox network in the United States on September 27, 2020.

## Infobox (television episode)

- **series**: The Simpsons
- **season**: 32
- **episode**: 1
- **director**: Bob Anderson
- **story**: David Cryan
- **production**: ZABF19
- **prev**: The Way of the Dog
- **next**: I, Carumbus
- **season article**: The Simpsons (season 32)
- **episode list**: List of The Simpsons episodes
Albert B. Fall

**Albert Bacon Fall** (November 26, 1861November 30, 1944) was an American politician. He was the United States Senator from New Mexico between 1912 and 1921. He was the Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding.

He was known for being involved in the Teapot Dome scandal. He was found guilty of conspiracy and bribery and was jailed for one year as a result. He became the first former cabinet officer sentenced to prison as a result of misconduct in office.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Albert Fall
- **image**: Albert B. Fall.jpg
- **office**: 28th United States Secretary of the Interior
- **president**: Warren G. Harding
- **term start**: March 5, 1921
- **term end**: March 4, 1923
- **predecessor**: John Barton Payne, John Payne
- **successor**: Hubert Work
- **jr/sr1**: United States Senator
- **state1**: New Mexico
- **term start1**: March 27, 1912
- **term end1**: March 4, 1921
- **predecessor1**: Seat established
- **successor1**: Holm O. Bursum
- **birth name**: Albert Bacon Fall
- **birth place**: Frankfort, Kentucky, Frankfort, Kentucky, U.S.
- **death place**: El Paso, Texas, El Paso, Texas, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Emma Garland Morgan
- **children**: 4
- **branch**: United States Army
- **rank**: Captain (United States O-3), Captain
- **battles**: Spanish–American War
Alice Adams

***Alice Adams*** is a 1935 American romantic drama movie directed by George Stevens and is the second adaption of the 1921 novel of the same name by Booth Tarkington. It stars Katharine Hepburn, Fred MacMurray, Fred Stone, Frank Albertson, Hedda Hopper, Hattie McDaniel, Jonathan Hale, Evelyn Venable and RKO Radio Pictures. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1936.
Finch Avenue

**Finch Avenue** is a road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is named after John Finch.

## Infobox (road)

- **name**: Finch Avenue
- **marker image**:

- **cities**: Toronto
Mississauga
Brampton
Pickering, Ontario, Pickering
- **direction a**: West
- **terminus a**: Steeles Avenue
 in Brampton, Ontario
- **direction b**: East
- **terminus b**: Brock Road
in Pickering, Ontario
Captain Blood (movie)

***Captain Blood*** is a 1935 American romantic adventure movie directed by Michael Curtiz and was based on the 1922 novel of the same name by Rafael Sabatini. It stars Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone, Ross Alexander, Hobart Cavanaugh and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for 5 Academy Awards in 1936.
Anthony Adverse

***Anthony Adverse*** is a 1936 American romantic adventure drama movie directed by Mervyn LeRoy and was based on the 1933 novel of the same name by Hervey Allen. It stars Fredric March, Olivia de Havilland, Claude Rains, Rollo Lloyd, Edmund Gwenn, Anita Louise, Donald Woods and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for 7 Oscars and won 4 Academy Awards in 1937.
Dodsworth

***Dodsworth*** is a 1936 American drama movie directed by William Wyler and was based on the 1929 novel by Sinclair Lewis and 1934 play of the same name by Sidney Howard. It stars Walter Huston, Ruth Chatterton, Paul Lukas, Mary Astor, David Niven, Gregory Gaye and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for 7 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1937.
Freddie Prinze

**Freddie James Prinze** (born **Frederick Karl Pruetzel**; June 22-1954 - January 29, 1977) was an American stand-up comedian and actor.

## Early life

Prinze was born in New York City to Edward Karl Pruetzel and Aurea Elana Ruiz. His father was German and his mother was Puerto Rican.

## Personal life

Prinze married Kathy Barber and had a son, Freddie Prinze, Jr., in 1976. He died of a self inflicted gunshot wound in Los Angeles California

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: Freddie Prinze
- **image**: Freddie Prinze 1975.JPG
- **caption**: Prinze in 1975
- **birth name**: Frederick Karl Pruetzel
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death cause**: Gunshot wound <small>(accidental self-inflicted)</small>
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **active**: 1973–1977
- **medium**: Stand-up, television
- **genre**: Observational comedy, blue comedy, deadpan, satire
- **subject**: Latin American culture, recreational drug use, everyday life
- **domesticpartner**: Pam Grier <small>(1973–1975)</small>
- **children**: Freddie Prinze Jr.
- **notable work**: Francisco "Chico" Rodriguez – _Chico and the Man_
Croatian Americans

**Croatian Americans** (Croatian: Američki Hrvati) are Americans that have partial or full ancestral origin from Croatia. In 2012, there were at least 414,714 American citizens who have Croatian descent.

Croatian Americans are closely related to other European Americans, and are closest to other Slavic Americans. Most Croatian Americans are of the Roman Catholic faith, but other Christian faiths are commonly followed. The places with the most Croatian Americans are Chicago, Cleveland, New York City, Southern California, and Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh is the home of the Croatian Fraternal Union, which was made to help Croatian Americans in the area. Croatia's _State Office for the Croats Abroad_ estimated that there are up to 1.2 million Croats and their descendants living in the United States.

### Numbers

As of 2012, there are 414,714 Croat Americans. It is estimated that there are over 1.2 million.

In the 2006-2010 American Community Survery, the states with the most Croatian Americans were:
- Pennsylvania (50,995)
- California (45,537)
- Illinois (44,065)
- Ohio (41,430)
- New York (20,547)
- Florida (16,360)
- Wisconsin (15,775)
- Indiana (13,306)
- Washington (13,268)
- New Jersey (13,154)

## History

- 1880 estimate: 20,000
- 1980 estimate: 252,970
- 1990 estimate: 544,270
- 2000 estimate: 374,241
- 2005 survey: 401,208

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Croatian Americans
 _Američki Hrvati_
- **pop**: **414,714**–**1.2 million+ (est.)**
- **popplace**: Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, California, North Carolina, Pacific Northwest, New York, Wisconsin, Indiana, Michigan, Florida, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Missouri
- **langs**: American English and Croatian language, Croatian
- **rels**: Predominantly Catholic Church, Roman Catholicism
- **related**: Slavic Americans, Croatian Canadians, European Americans
Ethnic groups in Europe

The native peoples of Europe are separated by common genetics, common language, or both. It is estimated there are 87 distinct native peoples in Europe, 33 of which form the ethnic majority in their country. The other 54 are minorities in their countries. The Russians are the largest group, with over 134 million.

### Indo-European

Baltic languages: Includes Latgalian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Samogitian.

Celtic languages: Includes Breton, Cornish, Irish, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh.

Germanic languages: Includes Danish, Dutch, English, Faroese, Flemish, Frisian, German, Icelandic, Limburgish, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Norwegian, Scots, Swedish, and Yiddish. Afrikaans, a daughter language of Dutch, is spoken mostly by South Africans and Namibians.

Indo-Aryan languages: Romani

Iranic Languages: Ossetian in the Caucasus, and Kurdish in Turkey.

Romance languages: Includes Aromanian, Arpitan, Catalan, Corsican, French, Friulian, Galician, Istro-Romanian, Italian, Ladino, Megleno-Romanian, Occitan, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Sardinian, and Spanish.

Slavic languages: Includes Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Sorbian, and Ukrainian

Semitic languages: Maltese

Language isolates: Greek, Albanian, and Armenian.

### Uralic

Finnic: Estonian, Finnish, Livonian

Permic: Komi, Udmurt

Ugric (Disputed branch): Hungarian

Disputed: Mari, Mordvinic, Sámi

No branch: Samoyedic
Mr. Deeds Goes to Town

***Mr. Deeds Goes to Town*** is a 1936 American romantic comedy drama movie directed by Frank Capra and was based on the 1935 short story _Opera Hat_ by Clarence Budington Kelland. It stars Gary Cooper, Jean Arthur, George Bancroft, Lionel Stander, Douglass Dumbrille, John Wray, Ruth Donnelly and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for 5 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1937 and was spun off into a TV series in 1969 and remade in 2002.
Annam tree frog

The **Annam tree frog**, **South China tree toad** or **Hainan tree toad** (_Hyla simplex_) is a frog from China, Vietnam and Laos. Scientists saw it between 50 and 1500 meters above sea level.

Scientists say this frog is related to the common tree frog.
Slovak Americans

**Slovak Americans** are Americans of Slovak descent.  In the 1990 Census, Slovak Americans made up the third-largest portion of Slavic ethnic groups. There are currently about 790,000 people of Slovak descent living in the United States.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Slovak Americans
_Slovenskí Američania_
- **total**: **797,764**
<small>_0.27% of the US population_</small>
- **popplace**: Illinois, Indiana, New Jersey
New York (state), New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania
- **langs**: English language, English, Slovak language, Slovak
- **rels**: Roman Catholicism, Greek Catholicism
 Lutheranism, Judaism
- **related**: Czech Americans, Polish Americans, Other Slavic Americans
The Great Ziegfeld

***The Great Ziegfeld*** is a 1936 American musical drama movie directed by Robert Z. Leonard and starring William Powell, Myrna Loy, Luise Rainer, Frank Morgan, Fanny Brice, Virginia Bruce, Reginald Owen, Ray Bolger, Harriet Hoctor. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for 7 Oscars and won 3 Academy Awards in 1937. It was followed up by _Ziegfeld Girl_ in 1941 and _Ziegfeld Follies_ in 1946.
Ziegfeld Girl (movie)

***Ziegfeld Girl*** is a 1941 American musical movie directed by Robert Z. Leonard and Busby Berkley. It stars James Stewart, Judy Garland, Hedy Lamarr, Lana Turner, Tony Martin, Jackie Cooper, Eve Arden and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

## Cast

- James Stewart as Gilbert Young
- Judy Garland as Susan Gallagher
- Hedy Lamarr as Sandra Kolter
- Lana Turner as Sheila Regan
- Tony Martin as Frank Merton
- Jackie Cooper as Jerry Regan
- Ian Hunter as Geoffrey Collis
- Charles Winninger as "Pop" Gallagher
- Edward Everett Horton as Noble Sage
- Philip Dorn as Franz Kolter
- Paul Kelly as John Slayton
- Eve Arden as Patsy Dixon
- Dan Dailey as Jimmy Walters
- Al Shean as Al
- Fay Holden as Mrs. Regan

## Infobox (television)

- **released**: April 25, 1941 USA
- **director**: Robert Z. Leonard
- **cinematography**: Ray June
- **editor**: Blanche Sewell
- **screenplay**: Marguerite Roberts Sonya Levien
- **budget**: $1.5 million
- **language**: United States
- **runtime**: 132 minutes
- **theme music composer**: Herbert Stothart
- **company**: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
- **starring**: James Stewart
Judy Garland
Hedy Lamarr
Lana Turner
A Tale of Two Cities (1935 movie)

***A Tale of Two Cities*** is a 1935 American romance drama movie directed by Jack Conway and Robert Z. Leonard. It was based on the 1859 novel of the same name by Charles Dickens and starring Ronald Coleman, Elizabeth Allan, Edna May Oliver, Reginald Owen, Basil Rathbone, Donald Woods, Blanche Yurka, Mitchell Lewis. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1937.
Three Smart Girls

***Three Smart Girls*** is a 1936 American romantic musical comedy movie directed by Henry Koster and starring Binnie Barnes, Charles Winninger, Alice Brady, Ray Milland, Mischa Auer, Ernest Cossart, Lucile Watson. It was distributed by Universal Pictures and was nominated for 3 Academy Awards in 1937. It was followed up by two sequels _Three Smart Girls Grow Up_ in 1939 and _Hers to Hold_ in 1943.
Yara Bou Monsef

**Yara Abou Monsef** (; born 31 May 1996) is a Lebanese model, actress, and social media personality. She is known as a content creator and women empowerment influencer. She started actively posting content on the social video sharing app, TikTok, in early 2019, where she quickly amassed a large following, Her TikTok account as of August 2020 has half million followers and counting ,

## Career

Yara was born and raised in Ain Zebde.

She speaks three languages fluently: English, French, and Arabic.

She was elected as the second runner-up in Miss Lebanon 2018 as her quick wit and educated answers earned her the respect of the Lebanese as a woman of intellect.

Yara is a World Vision Organization volunteer, youth leader, and tourist guide in Ain Zebde with the Nature Conservation Center-American University of Beirut.

She is an excellent orator and she shares a passion for acting and singing. She started actively posting content on the social video sharing app, TikTok, in early 2020.

## Personal life

She has completed a bachelor’s degree in biology and a Master’s degree in animal biology at the Lebanese University (2014-2018) and has graduated as a double diplomate in Bio-Health engineering and Molecular diagnostics at the Grenoble Alpes University and the Lebanese University (2018-2019).

Yara was born in Lebanon to a Lebanese father, Ahmad Abou Monsef, and a Lebanese mother, Micheline Kiwan. She has three siblings, two sisters and one brother. She moved to Beirut when she was 18 years old. Most of her family members are living abroad, She likes old music, the Rahbani brothers and fairouz mainly.

### Hobbies

Reading- horseback riding-singing- Playing Guitar

## Management

Echo, a sister company of Watary Digital.

## Other websites

- TikTok
- Instagram
- Facebook

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Yara Bou Monsef
- **alt**: Yara Bou Monsef
- **caption**: Yara Bou Monsef
- **native name lang**: يارا بو منصف
- **birth name**: Yara Bou Monsef
- **birth place**: Ain Zebde
- **nationality**: Lebanese
- **education**: Lebanese University
- **occupation**: Model, Actress, Social Media Personality, Woman Empowerment Influencer
- **years active**: 2018 - present
- **known for**: Miss Lebanon, TikTok
- **height**: 1.75 m
- **parents**: Ahmed Bou Monsef, Micheline Kiwan
Transparent wood

**Transparent wood** is a new composite wood material. It is 90% transparent and stronger than wood itself. It was made for the first time in 1992.

The material is biodegradeable. Transparent wood it is also shatterproof. On the other hand, we do not know how long-lasting it is.

As soon as the news was released at the end of 2015, see-through wood had a big press reaction.