juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Isabel Sanford

**Eloise Gwendolyn Sanford** (also known as **Isabel Sanford**; August 29, 1917 - July 9, 2004) was an American movie, television and stage actress. She acted in several notable sitcoms. She played Louise "Weezy" Jefferson in _The Jeffersons_ (January 1975 - June 1985). She also had many movie roles.

Sanford was born in Harlem, New York. She died in Los Angeles from natural causes at age eighty six.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Eloise Gwendolyn Sanford
- **image**: Isabel Sanford CBS 1974.jpg
- **birth date**: August 19, 1917
- **birth place**: Harlem, New York (state), New York
- **death date**: July 9, 2004
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California
- **death cause**: Natural causes
- **known for**: Louise Jefferson
- **notable works**: _The Jeffersons_
Boston Pops Orchestra

The **Boston Pops Orchestra** are an American orchestra band that represent light classical and popular music and are based from Boston. The orchestra was founded around 1885 and consists of many musical players. The current director is Keith Lockhart.
Juice Newton

**Judy Kay Newton** (known as **Juice Newton**; February 18, 1952) is an American pop and country singer. She has gotten five Grammy Award nominations. She won a Grammy in 1983. She has several gold or platinum albums in her credit, including the albums _Juice_ and _Quiet Lies_. Newton was born in New Jersey.

## Related pages

- List of country musicians from New Jersey
SNCAC NC.860

The **SNCAC NC.860** is a French twin-engine light aircraft. It was built in 1949 at just one example. It was built by Société Nationale de Construction Aéronautique du Centre also known like SNCAC.
Edward Fuller

**Edward Fuller** ( 1575winter of 1620/21) was a passenger on the 1620 voyage of the _Mayflower_. He signed the Mayflower Compact. Fuller died with his wife soon after the passengers came ashore to their new settlement at Plymouth but their sons lived.
Fuller was baptized in Norfolk, England on September 4, 1575. He was the son of Robert Fuller, a butcher.

There is very little known about Edward Fuller's life in England. He had a brother Samuel who also travelled with him on the _Mayflower_.  He married, but his wife's name is not known. They had two sons, Matthew in 1605 and Samuel in 1608.

Fuller and his brother lived in Leiden for some time as did many other English Separatists.  Separatist were people who did not believe in the Church of England.

## The Voyage to the New World

In 1651 William Bradford wrote a list of the _Mayflower_ passengers which included “Edward Fuller, and his wife, and Samuell, their son.”

The _Mayflower_ left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 21 November 1620, the _Mayflower_ spotted land. The _Mayflower_ was headed for Virginia Colony, but the ship was damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.  The wrote the Mayflower Compact which was a list of rules on how they would live and treat each other.  Fuller signed that document.

## In Plymouth Colony

Bradford kept a written record of the new settlement at Plymouth.  He wrote that: “Edward Fuller and his wife died soon after they came ashore. Their son Samuel is living and married, and has four children or more.”  After the death of his parents, Samuel, then about age twelve, was taken into the household of his uncle, Samuel Fuller.

The date of death for Fuller and his wife are unknown. It was during the winter of 16/20 and 16/21. They were buried in the Coles Hill Burial Ground in Plymouth.  They are remembered on the Memorial as “Edward Fuller and his wife.”

## Fuller's family

Edward had two sons:  Matthew and Samuel.  Samuel went to live with his uncle and became a doctor.  Matthew came over to Plymouth Colony sometime after his parents.
William Gopallawa

**William Gopallawa **(17 September 1897 - 31 January 1981) was the first President of Sri Lanka. He was the last Governor-General of Ceylon from 1962 to 1972 before independence from the United Kingdom. Gopallawa was the 1st President of Sri Lanka from 1972 to1978. After his presidency, the next president was J. R. Jayewardene.

He represented an era where politics was conducted with a dignified aura and he had a reputation as being a man of integrity and humility. He served as Governor-General during  different governments headed by the SLFP led regime of Sirimavo Bandaranaike and the United National Party led regime of Dudley Senanayak<nowiki/>e. He upheld the law and the constitution to the letter and won respect and admiration of all political parties. William Gopallawa was born on 17 September 1897 at the Dullewe Maha Walauwa, Dullewe in the Matale District of Ceylon. He is related to Dullewe Dissava, a signatory on behalf of the Sinhalese to the Kandiyan Convention of 1815

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: William Gopallawa
- **birth date**: September 17, 1897
- **birth place**: Matale, Sri Lanka
- **death date**: January 31, 1981
- **death place**: Colombo, Sri Lanka
- **occupation**: President of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), General of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)
- **spouse**: Seelawathie Gopallawa
- **children**: Five
75 (number)

**Seventy-five** is a natural number. It comes after seventy-four and before seventy-six.
25 * 3 is 75.
75 is a self number because there is no integer that adds up to its own digits adds up to 75. It is the sum of the first five pentagonal numbers, and therefore a pentagonal pyramidal number, as well as a nonagonal number. As the number 75 is a composite number, it has many factors other than one and the number itself. Thus, the factors of 75 are 1, 3, 5, 15, 25 and 75. What are the Multiples of 75? So, the first 10 multiples of 75 are: 75, 150, 225, 300, 375, 450, 525, 600, 675 and 750. 75 is a multiple of 3
multiples of 3: 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,54,57,60,63,66,69,72,75,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99.
The number 75 is divisible by 1, 3, 5, 15, 25, 75.

## Infobox (number)
J. R. Jayewardene

**Junius Richard Jayewardene** (, ; 17 September 1906 – 1 November 1996), commonly abbreviated in Sri Lanka as **J.R.**, was the second president of Sri Lanka. Jayewardene introduced the Executive Presidency in 1978, and assumed the position of President of Sri Lanka.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: J. R. Jayewardene
- **office**: President of Sri Lanka
- **image**: Junius Richard Jayawardana (1906-1996).jpg
- **predecessor**: William Gopallawa
- **successor**: Ranasinghe Premadasa
- **birth place**: Colombo, British Ceylon
- **death place**: Colombo, Sri Lanka
- **occupation**: 2nd President of Sri Lanka
- **spouse**: Elina Jayewardene
- **children**: Ravi Jayewardene
- **nationality**: Sri Lankan
- **alma mater**: Colombo Law College ,University of Colombo, Royal College, Colombo ,Bishop's College (Sri Lanka)
Reginald Scot

**Reginald Scot** (ca. 1538-1599) was an writer who was born in Kent, England, who studied law and served as a justice of the peace. His first book was _Perfect Platform of a Hop-Garden_, about growing hops.

His second book was _The Discoverie of Witchcraft_ (1584), which took a skeptical look at witches and witchcraft. It also exposed the tricks used by charlatans and magicians to fool people. His purpose in writing the book was to prevent old, ill, and simple people from being charged with witchcraft. The book was important by being one of the first to move away from mediaeval superstition during the Renaissance. However, King James I believed in witchcraft. When he read the book, he ordered all copies to be burnt.

## References

- _Encyclopedia of British writers, 16th and 17th centuries_. (2005). Book Builders LLC. p. 348.
Bob Steele

**Bob Steele** (**Robert Adrian Bradbury**; January 23, 1907 – December 21, 1988) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in _Carson City Kid_, _Island in the Sky_, _Rio Bravo_, _Hang 'Em High_, _Rio Lobo_, and in the television sitcom _F Troop_.

Steele was born on January 23, 1907 in Portland, Oregon. He was raised in Hollywood, California. Steele was married to Louise A. Chessman from 1931 until they divorced in 1933. Then he was married to Alice Petty Hackley from 1935 until they divorced in 1938. Then he was married to Virginia Nash Tatem from 1939 until his death in 1988. He had no children. Steele died on December 21, 1988 in Burbank, California from emphysema, aged 81.

## Other websites

- Bob Steele.shtml) - A Biography on (re)Search my Trash
Allen Ludden

**Allen Ludden** (**Allen Packard Ellsworth**; October 5, 1917 – June 9, 1981) was an American television personality and game show host. Ludden was well known for hosting many game shows. He hosted _Password_ and _Password Plus_ between 1961 and 1980.

Ludden was born on October 5, 1917 in Mineral Point, Wisconsin. He was raised in Mineral Point, Wisconsin and in Chicago, Illinois. Ludden studied at the University of Texas.

Ludden was married to Margaret McGloin from 1943 until her death in 1961. Then he was married to Betty White from 1963 until his death in 1981. Ludden died on June 9, 1981 in Los Angeles, California from stomach cancer, aged 63.

## Other websites

- The Allen Ludden & Betty White Archive
- Allen Ludden's biography
- Allen Ludden's Photo & Gravesite
Zebibyte

A **zebibyte** (ZiB) is a large unit of measurement for computers of the future. Zebibytes hold 1024 exbibytes (EiB) or 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bytes.

1024 zebibytes make 1 yobibyte.
Yobibyte

The **yobibyte** (symbol: **YiB**) is a large unit of information. The yobibyte is 1024 zebibytes or 1 208 925 819 614 629 174 706 176 bytes. It is similar to the yottabyte.
Conus

***Conus*** is a large genus of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs, with the common names of _cone snails_, _cone shells_ or _cones_.

Shaped, as the name suggests, like a cone, many species have colorful patterning on the shell surface. _Conus_ snails are mostly tropical in distribution. Geologically speaking, the genus is known from the Eocene to the present.

All _Conus_ snails are venomous. They hunt and eat marine worms or molluscs. The larger ones prey on small bottom-dwelling fish. Cone snails use a hypodermic-like modified radula tooth and a venom gland to attack and paralyze their prey before eating it. The tooth is sometimes likened to a dart or a harpoon. It is barbed and can be extended some distance out from the mouth of the snail, at the end of the proboscis. They can "sting" humans, and should be handled with great care or preferably not at all.

Cone snail venoms are mainly peptides. The venoms contain many different toxins that vary in their effects; some are extremely toxic. The sting of small cones is no worse than a bee sting, but the sting of some larger species can be serious, occasionally even fatal to humans. Cone snail venom may be a source of new, medically important substances.

Some Cone snails are no longer living, like Conus adversarius.
Ben Johnson (actor)

**Ben Johnson, Jr.** (June 13, 1918 – April 8, 1996), or **Son Johnson**, was an American actor. He was mostly known for being in Western movies such as _Rio Grande_, _Shane_, and _The Wild Bunch_. He was also a world champion rodeo cowboy, stuntman, and rancher. Johnson won an Academy Award for his role on _The Last Picture Show_.

Johnson was born on June 13, 1918 in Foraker, Oklahoma. He was of Irish descent. Johnson was married to Carol Elaine Jones from 1941 until her death in 1991. They had no children. Johnson died on April 8, 1996 in Mesa, Arizona from a heart attack, aged 77.

## Other websites

- Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Johnson, Ben, Jr.
Inflation (cosmology)

In physical cosmology, the idea of  **inflation** is a proposed theory that would explain many features of the present-day universe, including the existence of large-scale structures such as galaxies. The theory was proposed by Alan Guth in the 1970s.

## Basic Idea of Inflation

Based on the Standard Model of Cosmology, the universe has been and is expanding. The classical Big Bang theory assumes that the universe expanded at the same rate throughout universal history. Inflation says that the universe _has not_ always expanded at the same rate, and that the universe has experienced many periods of brief but immense expansions in which the size of the universe nearly doubled. These periods, as said, were extremely short, lasting less than a second. After a single period, the expansion slowed down until the next rapid inflation came and, again, massively increased the size of the universe.

## Problems Solved by Inflation Theory

The main problem solved by inflation is the origin of large-scale structures, such as galaxies. Inflation theory says that in a slow expansion of the universe, quantum fluctuations were only on the tiny distance scales; when the universe experienced a brief period of inflation, however, these quantum fluctuations are "stretched" much larger to cause density fluctuations. The places of higher density later caused matter to clump in those locations and form large-scale objects.

Another problem is that of temperature uniformity in the universe: why is the temperature so evenly distributed? Inflation says that objects that were previously in close proximity to one another were separated very quickly during a period of inflation, so the temperature balance was still held. In the classical Big Bang theory this was a problem because the uniform expansion would mean that objects would have to travel many times the speed of light to maintain temperature balance.

Another problem that inflation possibly solves is the problem of magnetic monopoles. Why do we no longer see magnetic monopoles in our universe? Inflation says that the few existing monopoles were so dispersed during periods of inflation that it is virtually impossible to find them now.

## Mathematical Formulation

Inflation theory uses General relativity to model the inflation mathematically. The metric of inflation theory is

### Inflatons

The main prediction of inflation theory is that particles called **inflatons** are created from a scalar field from Quantum field theory. These inflatons would drive the inflation periods of the universe, but they quickly decay so the inflation periods are not very long at all. It was initially thought that the Higgs boson was an inflaton, but that has recently been discredited.

### Multiverse

Inflation theory also suggests that there might be other universes. People's argument for the idea of multiverse is in a nutshell _"If inflation caused our universe, could it not also cause many other universes as well?"_ . This prediction has no empirical basis, but it has been explored in modern physics.
Inger Stevens

**Inger Stevens** (born **Inger Stensland**; October 18, 1934 – April 30, 1970) was a Swedish-American actress who was best known for her role as Katy in the television sitcom _The Farmer's Daughter_.

Stevens was born on October 18, 1934 in Stockholm, Sweden. She was raised in New York City, New York and in Manhattan, Kansas. Stevens studied at the Manhattan High School and at the Actors Studio.

Stevens was married to Anthony Soglio from 1955 until they divorced in 1958. Then she was married to Ike Jones from 1961 until her death in 1970. Stevens committed suicide after drinking barbiturate (poison). She died on her way to the hospital in Hollywood, California on April 30, 1970, aged 35.
Conidae

**Conidae** is a family of minute to quite large sea snails. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Conoidea. Their beautiful shells are highly collectible.

The snails within this family are sophisticated predatory animals. The snails have eyes, and are active hunters. They immobilize prey with a modified radular tooth. The tooth delivers venom with neurotoxins; it is launched out of the snail's mouth in a harpoon-like action.

There have been many suggested changes to the classification of cone shells, and the details are still under investigation. The very large genus _Conus_ has 600 species, and there are six other subfamilies.
Scansion

**Scansion** is the act of describing the rhythms of poetry by dividing the lines into feet and marking the location of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Bellona

**Bellona** was an Ancient Roman goddess of war.

All Roman Senate meetings about foreign war were held in the Templum Bellonae.

Bellona's festival was celebrated on June 3. She was married to Mars or the Greek god named Ares
Ranasinghe Premadasa

**Ranasinghe Premadasa** (; ; 23 June 1924 – 1 May 1993) was the third President of Sri Lanka. He was president from 2 January 1989 to 1 May 1993. Before that, he served as the Prime Minister in the government headed by J. R. Jayewardene from 6 February 1978 to 1 January 1989.

## Death

On May 1, 1993, Premadasa was killed by an LTTE with a suicide bomb. He was 68 years old. 22 others were also killed in the attack and 60 others were injured.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ranasinghe Premadasa
- **image**: Ranasinghe Premadasa.jpeg
- **caption**: at Bangabhaban in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 1992.
- **birth date**: June 23, 1924
- **birth place**: Colombo, Sri Lanka
- **death date**: May 1, 1993
- **death place**: Colombo, Sri Lanka
- **death cause**: Murder by suicide bomb
- **occupation**: President of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)
- **predecessor**: J. R. Jayewardene, Junius Jayewardene
- **successor**: Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, Dingiri Wijetunga
- **spouse**: Hema Premadasa
- **children**: Sajith Premadasa, Dulanjali
- **nationality**: Sri Lankan
- **party**: United National Party
Dingiri Wijetunga

Sri Lankabhimanya **Dingiri Banda Wijetunga** (,; 15 February 1916 – 21 September 2008) was the fourth President of Sri Lanka from 1 May 1993 to 12 November 1994, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 3 March 1989 to 7 May 1993 and the Governor of North Western province, Sri Lanka from 1988 to 1989. He was awarded Sri Lanka's most highest award to a civilian Sri Lankabhimanya in 1993 by President Ranasinghe Premadasa

## Infobox (president)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Dingiri Banda Wijetunga
- **order**: 4th
- **office**: President of Sri Lanka
- **primeminister**: Ranil Wickremasinghe
Chandrika Kumaratunga
- **term start**: 1 May 1993
- **term end**: 12 November 1994
- **predecessor**: Ranasinghe Premadasa
- **successor**: Chandrika Kumaratunga
- **nationality**: Sri Lankan
- **order2**: 9th Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
- **president2**: Ranasinghe Premadasa
- **term start2**: 6 March 1989
- **term end2**: 1 May 1993
- **predecessor2**: Ranasinghe Premadasa
- **successor2**: Ranil Wickremasinghe
- **order3**: Leader of the United National Party
- **term start3**: 7 May 1993
- **term end3**: 12 November 1994
- **predecessor3**: Ranasinghe Premadasa
- **successor3**: Ranil Wickremasinghe
- **birth place**: Udunuwara Divisional Secretariat, Udunuwara, British Ceylon
(now in Sri Lanka)
- **death place**: Kandy, Sri Lanka
- **party**: United National Party
Heptathlon

**Heptathlon** is an athletics event meaning 7 contests. The male and female events are different. It has been an Olympic event for women since 1984.
It consists of:
- 100 m hurdles
- High jump
- Shot put
- 200 m
- Long jump
- Javelin throw
- 800 m

As of 2013, Jessica Ennis is the current Olympic Gold medalist in Heptathlon.
As of 2018, Swapna Barman is the current Gold medalist in Asian Games.
Elkanah Settle

**Elkanah Settle** (1648-1724) was an English poet and playwright. He was born at Dunstable, Bedfordshire, England, the son of Josias Settle. In 1666, he went to Trinity College, Oxford, but did not take a degree.

His first tragedy was _Cambyses, King of Persia_ (1667). It was the first English play to have its climax reached in a musical scene with an original score. It is believed to be the first play printed in England with illustrations.

Settle was briefly involved in politics when the succession of Catholic James II to the throne was being debated. He served briefly in James's army. He then abandoned politics.

In 1691, he was named City Poet of London.  His last days were spent as a poor brother in the Carthusian Order. He may have performed in street fairs as a dragon in a green leather suit. He died in 1724.

## Selected works

- _The Empress of Morocco_ (1673), a tragedy
- _Ibrahim, the Illustrious Bassa_ (1676), a tragedy
- _The Female Prelate: being the History of the Life and Death of Pope Joan_ (1680), a tragedy
- _The New Athenian Comedy (1693), a comedy
- _The Ambitious Slave: or A Generous Revenge_ (1694)
- _The World in the Moon_ (1697), an opera
- _The Virgin Prophetess, or The Fate of Troy_ (1701), an opera
- _The Lady's Triumph'' (1718), an opera

## Other websites

- British Library  – Search on "Elkanah Settle" for images and catalogue entries on over 20 bindings by Settle.
- Settle Plays Online.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Elkanah Settle
- **birth date**: 1648
- **birth place**: Dunstable, Bedfordshire, England
- **death date**: 1724
- **death place**: London, England
- **nationality**: English
- **known for**: Plays and poetry
Thomas Sackville

**Thomas Sackville**, 1st earl of Dorset, (1535/6-1608) was an English playwright, poet, statesman, and the Chancellor of Oxford University. He was the son of Sir Richard Sackville, a member of the court of King Henry VIII of England. He married Cicely Baker in 1555.

Sackville was a London barrister, and entered Parliament in 1558. He was a member of the Privy Council in 1585. In 1586, he delivered the death sentence to Mary, Queen of Scots. He served on diplomatic missions to The Hague. In 1591, Sackville became Chancellor of the University of Oxford. He served as lord high treasurer, a life appointment, from 1599 to 1608. He died of a stroke.

Sackville is famous for _Gorboduc_ (1563), the first English tragedy written in blank verse.  He wrote this play with Thomas Norton. Sackville's two great poems, _Induction_ and _Buckingham's Complaint_, were published in _The Mirror for Magistrates_ (1563). The play and the two poems make Sackville one of the major English poets and playwrights.

## References

- _Encyclopedia Britannica: Thomas Sackville
- _Encyclopedia of British writers, 16th and 17th centuries_. (2005). Book Builders LLC.

## Other reading

- Complete text: _Gorboduc''

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Thomas Sackville
- **image**: Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset by John De Critz the Elder.jpg
- **birth date**: 1535/6
- **birth place**: Buckhurst, Sussex, England
- **death date**: 19 April 1608
- **death place**: London, England
- **death cause**: Stroke
- **resting place**: Westminster Abbey
- **nationality**: English
- **known for**: Plays and poetry
- **notable works**: _Gorboduc_ (play)
_Induction_ (poem)<br/ >_Buckingham's Complaint_ (poem)
Kay Francis

**Kay Francis** (January 13, 1905 - August 26, 1968) was an American actress. She first performed on Broadway. She was in many movies. She was the number one movie star at Warner Brothers. Frances was born in Oklahoma City. She died from breast cancer in New York City.
Tisha Campbell

**Tisha Campbell** (born October 13, 1968) is an American television actress and model. She played Gina Waters in the series _Martin_ (August 1992 - May 1997) and Janet Marie "Jay" Kyle in the ABC series _My Wife and Kids. She also played Sydney in the _House Party'' movies. Campbell was born in Oklahoma City, though raised in Newark, New Jersey.
Phoenician alphabet

The **Phoenician alphabet** was an alphabetic script that was used in the territories of modern-day Lebanon, Syria and Israel from about the 12th century to the 5th century BC. It was written right to left.  Only consonant sounds are written down, some versions have "helpers" for certain vowels.

It was used to write languages such as Phoenician and  Aramaic. The script was developed from the earlier Proto-Sinaitic script. Later, the script developed into the Ancient Greek script. Most alphabetic scripts in use today are derived from the Phoenician alphabet.

Before using the modern Arabic numerals, the Arabic language used a system where each letter also had a numeric value; this system is known as Abjad.
930

## Events

- The Althing of the Icelandic Commonwealth is founded.  It is now one of the world's oldest parliaments.
- Emperor Suzaku ascends to the throne of Japan.
- Prince Bei, oldest brother of the Khitan Emperor, leaves for China.

## Deaths

- Emperor Daigo of Japan
- Ma Yin
931

## Events

- Ramiro II of León becomes king of Kingdom of León.
- Eric Bloodaxe becomes the second king of Norway.
- March – Pope John XI succeeds Pope Stephen VII as the 125th pope.

## Births

- Adelaide of Italy, wife of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
- Emperor Muzong of Liao

## Deaths

- Emperor Uda of Japan
- King Harald I of Norway
932

## Events

- Wildeck Castle is built by King Henry I in Zschopau, Germany.
- The movie _Monty Python and the Holy Grail_ is set in this year.

## Births

- Empress Xiao, empress and regent of the Liao

## Deaths

- Qian Liu
933

## Events

- 15 March – Henry the Fowler defeats the Magyars in the Battle of Riade.
- Cotentin and Jersey are taken by William I, Duke of Normandy.
- The Kingdom of Lower Burgundy is given to King Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy.

## Deaths

- King Alfonso IV of Leon
- December 15 – Li Siyuan, Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang
934

## Events

- The German king Henry I, the Fowler defeat King Gnupa and take Hedeby.
- The Eldgjá volcanic eruption is the largest basalt flood in history.
- Einsiedeln Abbey is founded.

## Births

- Dong Yuan, Chinese painter

## Deaths

- Meng Zhixiang, Chinese general
- Queen Emma of France
- St Gervadius Irish Saint
- Ubayd Allah, political and religious leader, founder of the Fatimid Caliphate
935

## Events

- The Fatimid dynasty makes a third failed attempt to conquer Egypt.
- Córdoba is thought to be the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Baghdad.
- Haakon the Good, son of Harald Fairhair, once again brings together the Norwegian lands.
- Gyeon Hwon, the king of Hubaekje, is overthrown by his eldest son Singeom.
- The Later Shu Kingdom is founded by Meng Zhixiang in Chengdu.

## Births

- Ferdowsi Tousi, Persian poet

## Deaths

- Harald Fairhair, King of Norway
- Wenceslas I, Duke of Bohemia
938

## Events

- The Liao Dynasty takes over Peking.
- Battle of Bach Dang: Vietnam wins its independence from China.

## Births

- Hugh Capet, King of France

## Deaths

- Lady Ise, Japanese poet
Electronic waste

**Electronic waste** or **e-waste** are electronics that have been discarded.  This includes any electronics e.g., computers, power tools etc.

E-waste is a concern for every country in the 21st century. Over time, people throw away their old devices, either due to their technology breaking down and becoming unusable, or due to advances in technology causing people to buy new. This creates a large amount of e-waste, some of which can still be used and others that are unusable. Some countries have e-waste recycling companies and e-waste recycling programs to ensure proper disposal of electronic devices. Due to the way electronics are made, there are some parts that can be reused if disposed of properly. However, many people do not recycle their electronics properly, and toxic substances from those electronics can enter the environment when not disposed of correctly.

Adding up the billions of computer users in the world, over 30 million tons of e-waste is created nearly every year.
Gorboduc

***The Tragedy of Gorboduc*** is the earliest English tragedy in blank verse. It was written by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton. The writers took the story of the play from Geoffrey of Monmouth's _History of the Kings of Britain_ (1138). The play premiered before Queen Elizabeth I on 18 January 1561. It was first printed in 1565. It was printed again in 1570 as _The Tragedy of Ferrex and Porrex_.

The play is about a good king named Gorboduc. He gives his kingdom away during his lifetime to his sons. The sons quarrel over the throne. Porrex, the younger son, kills his brother, Ferrex. Their mother, Queen Videna, avenges the death of her older son by murdering Porrex. Gorboduc and Videna are then killed by their horrified former subjects.

Norton wrote the first three acts; Sackville wrote the last two. The playwrights took the tragedies of the Latin writer Seneca as their model,  but ignored the classical unities of time and place.  They used Classical elements such as the Chorus and the Messenger, but added non-Classical elements such as dumb shows (pantomimes) before each act.

## Other websites

- Complete text: _Gorboduc_
SpongeBob SquarePants season 9

The ninth season of ***SpongeBob SquarePants*** began on July 21, 2012 with the episodes "Extreme Spots" and "Squirrel Record". It ran through February 20, 2017, ending with "Goodbye, Krabby Patty?".

## Infobox (television season)

- **bgcolour**: #ffaad7
- **image**: SBSP logo.png
- **num episodes**: 26 (49 segments)
- **starring**: * Tom Kenny
* Bill Fagerbakke
* Rodger Bumpass
* Clancy Brown
* Mr. Lawrence
* Jill Talley
* Carolyn Lawrence
* Mary Jo Catlett
* Lori Alan
- **network**: Nickelodeon
- **prev season**: SpongeBob SquarePants season 8, Season 8
- **next season**: SpongeBob SquarePants season 10, Season 10
- **episode list**: List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes, List of episodes
Abel Avila Rodríguez

**Abel Avila Rodriguez** (born November 9, 1986 in Manresa) is a track and field athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is B3/T13 type athlete.  He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He finished second in the 800 meter T12 race.  He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He finished first in the 800 meter T12 race.   He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.  He finished second in the 1,500 meter race.
Home Secretary

The **home secretary** in the United Kingdom is a senior minister of the British Government and the head of the Home Office. Since 5 September 2025, the office has been held by Shabana Mahmood. She is responsible for immigration, the police and other matters relating to the safety of the United Kingdom.

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**:
 Secretary of State
for the Home Department
- **insignia**: Royal Arms of the United Kingdom (Crown & Garter) (2022).svg
- **insigniasize**: 75px
- **insigniacaption**: Royal Arms as used by the Home Office
- **image**: File:Shabana Mahmood Official Cabinet Portrait, July 2024 (cropped) 2.jpg
- **incumbent**: Shabana Mahmood
- **incumbentsince**: 5 September 2025
- **department**: Home Office
- **style**: **Home Secretary**

The Right Honourable

- **type**: Minister of the Crown
- **status**: Secretary of State (United Kingdom), Secretary of State
Great Office of State
- **reports to**: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, The Prime Minister
- **seat**: Westminster
- **nominator**: The Prime Minister
- **appointer**: Monarchy of the United Kingdom, The Monarch
- **termlength**: At His Majesty's pleasure
- **formation**: 27 March 1782
- **salary**: £159,038 per annum
(including £86,584 Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), MP salary)
- **first**: William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, Earl of Shelburne
- **website**: [https://www.gov.uk/government/ministers/secretary-of-state-for-the-home-department Home Secretary]
- **deputy**: Minister of State for Security
Ignacio Avila Rodríguez

**Ignacio Avila Rodriguez** (born January 19, 1979 in Manresa) is a track and field athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is T12/B2 type athlete. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the 4 X 400 meter T11-T13 race. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.  He finished third in the 1,500 meter race.  He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.
Pontefract

**Pontefract** is a town in West Yorkshire, England. It is part of the City of Wakefield. It has about 28,000 people. It is famous for its Liquorice flavoured Pontefract cakes.

## Other websites

- Yorkshire.com
David Barrallo Fuertes

**David Barrallo Fuertes** (born June 4, 1973 in Barcelona) is a track and field athlete from Spain.  He has a physical disability and is T44 type athlete. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the 4 X 400 meter T42-T46 race. He finished fourth in the 200 meter race.  He finished fifth in the 400 meter race.
David Casinos Sierra

**David Casinos Sierra** (born February 15, 1972 from Valencia) is a track and field athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: He is blind and is T11/F11/B1 type athlete. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He finished first in the shot put and fourth in the discus. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.   He finished first in the shot put and seventh in the discus. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.   He finished first in the shot put and fifth in the discus. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.   He finished first in the discus  and fifth in the shot put.

In 2012, he had a Plan ADO €23,000 athlete scholarship with a €3,000 reserve and a €2,500 coaching scholarship.

|Year|Sporting event|Location|Sport type|Finish|Score|Note||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2000|Paralympic Games|Sydney|Shot put F11|Gold Medal||align="center"|15,26 m|||||
|2002|World Championships|Lile|Shot put F11|Gold Medal||align="center"|14,56 m|||||
|2004|Paralympic Games|Athens|Shot put F11|Gold Medal||align="center"|14,01 m|||||
|rowspan=2|2006|rowspan=2|World Championships|rowspan=2|Assen|Shot put F11|Gold Medal||align="center"|13,84 m||
|Discus F11|Gold Medal||align="center"|41,27 m||||||||
|2008|Paralympic Games|Beijing|Shot put F11- F12|Gold Medal||align="center"|14,50 m|||||
|rowspan=2|2011|rowspan=2|World Championship|rowspan=2|Christchurch|Shot put F11|Gold Medal||align="center"|12,93 m||
|Discus F11|Gold Medal||align="center"|40,89 m||||||||

## Other websites

- David Casinos Sierra: Twitter

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **image**: David Casinos 1.JPG
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **name**: David Casinos Sierra
- **birth place**: Valencia, Spain
- **nationality**: Spain, Spanish
- **sport**: Track and field (T11 (classification), F11)
- **show-medals**: yes
Elena Congost Mohedano

**Elena Congost Mohedano** (born September 20, 1987 in Barcelona) is a track and field athlete from Spain. She has a disability: She is blind and is T12/B2 type athlete. She raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  She finished 7 in the 200 meter race. She raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. She finished 6 in the 1,500 meter race.  She also raced in the 800 meter race and finished 6 in the semifinal. She raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. She finished second in the 1,500 meter race.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **image**: Elena Congost Mohedano 2.JPG
- **name**: Elena Congost Mohedano
- **birth place**: Barcelona, Spain
- **nationality**: Spain, Spanish
- **sport**: Track and field (T12 (classification), T12)
- **show-medals**: yes
Pedro Cordero Martin

**Pedro Cordero Martin** (born January 28, 1972 in Barcelona) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.  He was part of the Spain team in the BC1-BC2 boccia team game.  His team finished third.  He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.
Francisco Javier Beltrán Manero

**Francisco Javier Beltran Manero** (born November 5, 1972 in Madrid) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC1 type athlete. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia.  He finished third in the one person BC1 boccia game. He finished second in the BC1/BC2 team boccia game. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.   He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.
José Javier Curto Gines

**Jose Javier Curto Gines** (born December 31, 1964 in Madrid) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the one person BC2 boccia game.
José María Dueso Villar

**Jose Maria Dueso Villar** (born October 30, 1974 in Valencia) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability, and is a BC4 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He finished three in the one person BC4 game. He played against a boccia player from Slovakia when he finished three.  He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.
Álvaro Galán Floria

**Alvaro Galan Floria** (born January 28, 1977 in Madrid) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He was on the BC1/BC2	team from Spain.  His team finished second.  In the first - second finish game, South Korea finished first by a score of 7-6.
951

## Events

- Allat the Maharana of Mewar comes to power.
- The Later Zhou Dynasty is founded by Guo Wei in China.
- The Northern Han Kingdom is founded by Liu Min in northern China.

## Births

- Gregory of Narek, Armenian monk, poet, and theologian
- Saint Romuald

## Deaths

- Emperor Shizong of the Liao Dynasty
- 2 January – Liu Chengyou, Emperor Yin of the Later Han Dynasty
952

## Events

- Kalbid forces defeat the Byzantines in Calabria.

## Births

- Emperor Gongdi of Later Zhou

## Deaths

- Emperor Suzaku of Japan
- Hugh, Duke of Burgundy
953

## Events

- Liudolf, Duke of Swabia and Conrad the Red rebel against German King Otto I.

## Births

- Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine
- Herbert III, Count of Vermandois
- Al-Karaji, Persian mathematician and engineer
- Kisai Marvazi, Persian poet

## Deaths

- Abas I of Armenia, King of Armenia
- Ismail al-Mansur. third Fatimid Caliph
- Empress Dowager Yingtian of the Liao Dynasty
- Muhammad bin Musafir, Sallarid ruler of Tarum and Iranian Azerbaijan
- Rasso, Bavarian count, military leader, pilgrim, and saint.
- Rhodri ap Hywel, king of Deheubarth
APG

**APG** is an abbreviation.  Some of the things it can mean are:

- Aboriginal Provisional Government, Indigenous Australian independence movement
- Android Privacy Guard, privacy for the Android operating system
- Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, a work of several botanists
- Anterior Pituitary Gland, an endocrine gland
- Artist Publishing Group
- Association of Professional Genealogists
- Associated petroleum gas
- Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies
- Austrian Power Grid, Austrian electric power transmission company
- Assists per game, in basketball
Geosynchronous orbit

A **geosynchronous orbit** is an orbit at a height of  above sea level on the Earth.  At this height, the orbit takes 24 hours, so it is _in sync_ with the land on Earth (the 'geo' part of geosynchronous).

The geostationary orbit is the most common type of geosynchronous orbit.  This is right above the equator, so the satellites in this orbit do not swing north or south, but stay perfectly still above a point on the equator.  This is useful for communication satellites (including satellite TV).

Geosynchronous also includes orbits that are not above the equator, but since every orbit goes around the center of the Earth, the satellite must spend an equal amount of time north of the equator as it does south of the equator, so it appears to slide up and down when viewed from the Earth.
Manuel Angel Martin Perez

**Manuel Angel Martin Perez** (born January 30, 1980 in Portugos) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He played in the one person BC2 game and he finished thir.  He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, England.
Localhost

**localhost** means _this computer_ in computer networking. On most computers `localhost` resolves to the IP address `::1` in IPv6 and `127.0.0.1` in IPv4. The localhost is useful for programmers to test software independent of a network connection. Using the localhost bypasses the network card in a computer.

## Loopback

The loopback function of localhost can be used to run a network service without needing a physical network card. It can also be used to not let a network access the service that the computer is connected to.

IPv4 network standards reserve the address block _127.0.0.0/8_ for loopback.
Applied science

**Applied science** is about using the findings of science to do something. In the natural sciences, this is done by engineering. In sciences such as psychology, this can mean using theoretical findings to improve a test method, for example.

**Applied research** is generally done to solve a problem. Applied chemists invented refrigerants long ago to cool things. Some refigerants escape into the atmosphere and damage the ozone layer, so chemists have developed new refrigerants in another example of applied research. This work not driven by a desire to know, but by a desire to solve a specific problem.
10,000

**10000** (**10,000**, or simply **ten thousand**) is the number after 9999 and before 10001. The Ancient Greeks gave it the name **myriad**.

## Infobox (number)

- **number**: 10000
101 (number)

**101** (**one hundred [and] one**) is a number. It comes between 100 and 102. 101 is a prime number.

In Binary and BCD -code, 101 means number 5.
The product of any 2 digit number and 101 will always be in the form of abab.

## Infobox (number)

- **number**: 101
76 (number)

**Seventy-six** is a number. It comes after seventy-five and before seventy-seven. It is also divisible by 1, 2, 4, 19, 38, and 76.

## Infobox (number)
Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator

***Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator*** (1972) is a children's book by British author Roald Dahl.

## Plot

The book continues directly from the events of _Charlie and the Chocolate Factory_. Willy Wonka has just given his factory to Charlie. In a flying machine known as the Great Glass Elevator, they crash through the roof of Charlie's house and tell his family the good news.

On their way to the factory, the elevator makes a noise. Charlie and his family find themselves in orbit around the Earth.  An adventure begins with Willy Wonka leading the way.

## Other websites

- Official Roald Dahl Website
Team Hell No

**Team Hell No** were a tag team in WWE. The team was made up of Kane and Daniel Bryan.

They were champions from _No Way Out_ 2012 to _Extreme Rules_ 2013. The team split up on the June 17 episode of Raw because both of them announced that they had intentions of becoming WWE Champion.

## Infobox (wrestling team)

- **article name**: Team Hell No
- **type**: T
- **image**: WWE Team Hell No.jpg
- **caption**: Team Hell No in 2012
- **names**: **Team Hell No**
- **former members**: Kane (wrestler), Kane
Daniel Bryan
- **debut**: September 10, 2012
- **disbanded**: June 17, 2013
- **promotions**: WWE
Madison, South Dakota

**Madison** is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Lake County. It became a city in 1885, and 6,474 people lived there at the 2020 census. Madison is home to Dakota State University.

## Other websites

- City of Madison website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Madison, South Dakota
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Egan Ave. looking north, Madison, South Dakota (75659).jpg
- **motto**: Discover the Unexpected
- **image map**: Lake_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Madison_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Lake County, South Dakota, Lake County and the state of South Dakota
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Dakota, County
- **subdivision name1**: South Dakota
- **subdivision name2**: Lake County, South Dakota, Lake
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1880
- **established title3**: Incorporated
- **established date3**: 1885
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 11.95
- **area total sq mi**: 4.62
- **area land km2**: 11.95
- **area land sq mi**: 4.62
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 1673
- **population total**: 6191
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 517.87
- **population density sq mi**: 1341.20
- **timezone**: Central
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 46-40220
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1267469
- **postal code type**: Zip code
- **postal code**: 57042
- **area code**: Area code 605, 605
Yankton, South Dakota

**Yankton** is a city in and the county seat of Yankton County, in the southern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It became a city in 1889, and 15,411 people lived there at the 2020 census. Yankton is located near the Missouri River.

## Other websites

- City of Yankton website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Yankton, South Dakota
- **nickname**: "Mother City of the Dakotas"
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Yankton and the Meridian Bridge.JPG
- **image caption**: Yankton (right) along the Missouri River with the Meridian Highway Bridge, Meridian Bridge connecting Nebraska, looking west
- **image map**: Yankton_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Yankton_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Yankton County, South Dakota, Yankton County and the state of South Dakota
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: South Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Yankton County, South Dakota, Yankton
- **government type**: Council–manager government, Council-Manager
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: City Manager
- **established date**: 1858
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established date1**: 1869
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 23.08
- **area land km2**: 22.45
- **area water km2**: 0.62
- **area total sq mi**: 8.91
- **area land sq mi**: 8.67
- **area water sq mi**: 0.24
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 15411
- **population density km2**: 686.31
- **population density sq mi**: 1777.51
- **population metro**: 23310
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation ft**: 1243
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 57078-57079
- **area code**: Area code 605, 605
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 46-73060
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1267665
Yuki Kato

**Yuki Anggraini Kato** (born 2 April 1995 in Malang, East Java, Indonesia) is an Indonesian actress. Yuki Kato became known after starring in the soap opera _Primata Cantik_. In addition to being the main character in the soap opera series _Heart_ and _My Love_, Yuki Kato also starred in _Jodoh Arietta_ as the sister of Raffi Ahmad's character.

## Filmography

- _Basahhh..._ (2008)
- _Operation Wedding_ (2013) with Adipati Koesmadji

## Television

- Inikah Rasanya
- Matahariku
- Primata Cantik
- Heart (series 1)
- My Love
- Pelangi-pelangi Cinta
- Pintu Hidayah
- 3 Pengantin Untuk Ayahku
- Arti Sahabat
- Gol-Gol Fatimah
- Dia atau Diriku
- Cahaya Gemilang
- Cinta Cenat Cenut 3
- Heart Series 2
- Namaku Mentari
- Monyet Cantik
- Arti Sahabat Musim Kedua

## Other websites

- Yuki Kato on Twitter

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Yuki Kato
- **image**: Yuki Kato.jpg
- **caption**: Yuki Kato in 2019
- **alt**: Yuki Kato standing onstage, holding a microphone, wearing sunglasses and a patterned shirt
- **birth name**: Yuki Anggraini Kato
- **birth place**: Malang, East Java, Indonesia
- **nationality**: Indonesia, Indonesian
- **occupation**: Celebrity, Model, Singer, Presenter
- **years active**: 2004 - present
- **parents**: Takeshi Kato
Twinawati
- **relatives**: Reina Meisilia Kato
Sakura Des Caesar Kato