juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dustin Byfuglien

**Dustin Byfuglien** (pronounced Buff-lin; born March 27, 1985 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American former professional ice hockey player. He played a total of 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Atlanta Thrashers, and Winnipeg Jets.

He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2010. He became the first African American to win the cup.

Byfuglien played junior hockey with the Brandon Wheat Kings and Prince George Cougars of the Western Hockey League (WHL).

### Regular season and playoffs

|colspan="3"  bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Regular season|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Playoffs||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2001–02|Brandon Wheat Kings|WHL|3|0|0|0|0|—|—|—|—|—|
|2002–03|Brandon Wheat Kings|WHL|8|1|1|2|4|—|—|—|—|—|
|2002–03|Prince George Cougars|WHL|48|9|28|37|74|5|1|3|4|12|
|2003–04|Prince George Cougars|WHL|66|16|29|45|137|—|—|—|—|—|
|2004–05|Prince George Cougars|WHL|64|22|36|58|184|—|—|—|—|—|
|2005–06|Norfolk Admirals|AHL|53|8|15|23|75|4|1|2|3|4|
|2005–06|Chicago Blackhawks|NHL|25|3|2|5|24|—|—|—|—|—|
|2006–07|Norfolk Admirals|AHL|63|16|28|44|146|6|0|2|2|18|
|2006–07|Chicago Blackhawks|NHL|9|1|2|3|10|—|—|—|—|—|
|2007–08|Rockford IceHogs|AHL|8|2|5|7|25|—|—|—|—|—|
|2007–08|Chicago Blackhawks|NHL|67|19|17|36|59|—|—|—|—|—|
|2008–09|Chicago Blackhawks|NHL|77|15|16|31|81|17|3|6|9|26|
|2009–10|Chicago Blackhawks|NHL|82|17|17|34|94|22|11|5|16|20|
|2010–11|Atlanta Thrashers|NHL|81|20|33|53|93|—|—|—|—|—|
|2011–12|Winnipeg Jets|NHL|66|12|41|53|72|—|—|—|—|—|
|2012–13|Winnipeg Jets|NHL|43|8|20|28|34|—|—|—|—|—|
|2013–14|Winnipeg Jets|NHL|78|20|36|56|86|—|—|—|—|—|
|2014–15|Winnipeg Jets|NHL|69|18|27|45|124|4|0|1|1|4|
|2015–16|Winnipeg Jets|NHL|81|19|34|53|119|—|—|—|—|—|
|2016–17|Winnipeg Jets|NHL|80|13|39|52|117|—|—|—|—|—|
|2017–18|Winnipeg Jets|NHL|69|8|37|45|112|17|5|11|16|20|
|2018–19|Winnipeg Jets|NHL|42|4|27|31|69|6|2|6|8|4|

### International

|Year|Team|Event|Result|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||GP|G|A|Pts|PIM|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2016|United States|WCH|7th|2|0|1|1|2|||

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Dustin Byfuglien - Winnipeg Jets.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Byfuglien in 2013
- **position**: Defencemen, Defense / Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lb**: 260
- **ntl team**: USA
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks
Atlanta Thrashers
Winnipeg Jets
- **birth place**: Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
- **draft**: 245th overall
- **draft year**: 2003
- **draft team**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **career start**: 2005
- **career end**: 2019
Ash (band)

**Ash** is an alternative rock band from Downpatrick, Northern Ireland. They officially formed in 1992, when the frontman Tim Wheeler and the bassist Mark Hamilton were only 15. Then, Rick "Rock" McMurray joined the band as drummer and Charlotte Haterley (who left the band in 2006) as second guitar and vocalist.

## Other websites

- Official Ash Site
- The Ash Files – Ash live recordings resource, moderated by the band themselves
- Ash Photography
- Ash at Reading festival  & Leeds festival
- Interview in LeftLion Magazine 2007
- Ash interview (Oct 2007) on Record Overplayed webzine
- _Twilight of the Innocents_ interview
- Ash A-Z singles Interview on God Is In The TV Zine

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ash
- **image**: Ash-270410.jpg
- **caption**: Ash performing at the O2 ABC in Glasgow in 2010
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Downpatrick, Co. Down, Northern Ireland
- **genre**: Alternative rock
Punk-pop
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **url**: [http://www.ash-official.com Official website]
- **current members**: Tim Wheeler
Mark Hamilton
Rick McMurray
- **past members**: Charlotte Hatherley (1997–2006)
Pat Sajak

**Pat Sajak** (October 26, 1946) is an American retired game show host. He hosted _Wheel of Fortune_ from 1981 to 2024.

Sajak was on _Super Password_ several times from 1984–1989, as well as _Password Plus_ in 1981.  Other game shows on which Sajak guested were _Dream House_ and _Just Men!_.

Sajak hosted a late-night talk show on CBS called _The Pat Sajak Show_ from January 1989 to April 1990. More recently, he filled in for Regis Philbin on _Live with Regis and Kelly_.

In 1982, he appeared in the film _Airplane II: The Sequel._

In June 2023, Sajak decided to retire as host of Wheel of Fortune. His last show aired on June 7, 2024.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Pat Sajak
- **image**: National Memorial Day Parade, Grand Marshall, Pat Sajak, Mon 30 May 2011 (11).jpg
- **caption**: Sajak in 2011
- **birth name**: Patrick Leonard Sajdak
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **occupation**: Television personality
Game show host
Former weatherman
- **yearsactive**: 1968–2024
William of Orange

**William of Orange** usually refers to either:
- **William the Silent**, William I, (1533–1584), Prince of Orange, founder of the House Orange-Nassau and the Netherlands as a state
- **William III of England**, William III of Orange-Nassau, William II of Scotland, (1650–1702)

William of Orange may also refer to:

## Middle Ages

- Saint William of Gellone (755—c.812), courtier of Charlemagne who defeated the Saracens at Orange
- William, Bishop of Orange joined the First Crusade. After the death of Adhemar of Le Pu
Salcea

**Salcea** is a town of Suceava County in northern Romania.  9,194 people were living in Salcea as of 2000.

## Other websites

- Aeroportul Suceava, Salcea

## Infobox (settlement)

- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Romania
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
- **official name**: Salcea
- **image shield**: ROU SV Salcea CoA.jpg
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Romania, County
- **subdivision name1**: Suceava County
- **subdivision type2**: Subdivisions of Romania, Status
- **settlement type**: Town
- **leader party**: National Liberal Party (Romania), National Liberal Party
- **area total km2**: 40
- **population as of**: 2000
- **population total**: 9,194
Kim Seong-Su

**Kim Seong-Su** (; Hanja 金性洙, October 11, 1881-February 18, 1955), the second vice-president of the Republic of Korea (대한민국; 大韓民國), was a politician, educationist, journalist, and founder of Kyung-Sung textile Co. (경성방직회사; 京城紡織會社) , the Dong-A Ilbo(동아일보; 東亞日報), and Korea University(고려대학교; 高麗大學校). After he died he was given the Order of Merit for National Foundation(건국훈장; 建國勳章). He is also known by his pen name Inchon (인촌; 仁村)

### Early life

Kim Seong-Su was born on October 11 1891, in Gochang(고창; 高昌), Jeollabuk-do(전라북도; 全羅北道), South Korea. He graduated from Waseda University in Japan in 1914, majoring in Political Science and Economics. After returning home, he took over Jung-Ang High School, which was in financial difficulties, and took office as the president in 1917. Also, he founded Kyung-Sung textile Co. in 1919 in order to realize Korea’s economic independence from Japan and to foster its national capital. He launched the Dong-A Ilbo in 1920 and took charge of Boseong College (보성전문학교; 普成專門學校), the predecessor of the present Korea University.

### Pro-Japanese

In 1938, he was a promoter of the Federation for National Mobilization of Korean(국민정신총동원조선연맹; 國民精神總動員朝鮮聯盟), which was one of the pro-Japanese groups. He also took part in several pro-Japanese activities, writing articles which admired student soldiers and the draft system for Japan. Due to these activities, he was included in the list of 3,090 pro-Japanese collaborators released by the Institute for Research in Collaborationist Activities(민족문제연구소; 民族問題硏究所) in 2008.

### After Korean Liberation

After the Independence from the Japan Occupation on August 15 1945, in 1946 he became the governor of Korea Democratic Party(한국민주당; 韓國民主黨) and the ninth president of the Dong-A Ilbo. He was opposed to U.S. trusteeship of Sourh Korea and in 1949 he took office as the supreme council of Democratic National Party(민주국민당; 民主國民黨). He was inaugurated as the second vice president of South Korea in 1951, but resigned the following year because he was against the dictatorial powers of President Rhee Syng-man(이승만; 李承晩). The same year he became an adviser of Democratic National Party and then, continued to take part in the nongovernment party. He was posthumously awarded the Republic of Korea Medal of Order of Merit for National Foundation in 1962.

## Related pages

- Dong-A Ilbo
- Korea University
- Song Jin-woo
- Jungang high School
- Korean Democratic Party
- Rhee Syng-man
- Kim Gu
- Kim Kyusik
- Shin Ik-hye
- Chang Myon
- Yun Chi-Young
- Yun Chi-Ho
- Yun Posun

## Other websites

- Kim Seong-Su on Doopedia
- Incheon Kim Seung-Su Memorial Conference
Nuneaton

**Nuneaton** is the largest town in the English county of Warwickshire. Nuneaton is famous for the novelist, George Eliot, who was born on a farm outside Nuneaton in 1819 and lived in Nuneaton during her early life. Nuneaton is also the birthplace of renowned film director Ken Loach, twice winner of the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.

## Geography

The town is 14.5 km (9 miles) north of Coventry, 32 km (20 miles) east of Birmingham and 166 km (103 miles) northwest of London. The _River Anker_ runs through the town.
Nuneaton had a population of 70,721 as of 2001 though the 2008 estimate is 73,000.

Nuneaton also has a football team called Nuneaton Town.

## Notable inhabitants

- George Eliot, Victorian novelist
- Ken Loach, Film director

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Nuneaton
- **population**: 70,721
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001)
- **post town**: NUNEATON
- **postcode district**: CV10, CV11, CV13
- **postcode area**: CV
- **dial code**: 024
- **os grid reference**: SP361918
- **static image**: Ropewalk Shopping Centre.JPG
- **static image caption**: <small>Nuneaton's Ropewalk Shopping Centre</small>
Sarrasani

**Sarrasani** is the name of a famous German circus. It was resident in Dresden. Later it became known as national circus of Argentina.

Sarrasani was founded by the clown _Hans Stosch_. His stage name was _Giovanni Sarrasani_. He came 1901 to Radebeul. The circus had its official premiere 1902 in Meißen. In the year 1912 a stationary circus building opened in Dresden. The circus often performed abroad. It had two famous labels, the Elephants and the Sioux.

Stosch-Sarrasani sen. died 1934 in São Paulo. His son Hans Stosch-Sarrasani jun. followed him as director. He died in 1941 in Berlin. His widow took directorship. The Sarrasani theater was destroyed on 13 February 1945 during the World War II.

Trude Stosch-Sarrasani emigrated to Argentina. She re-launched the circus in Buenos Aires. Perón and Evita declared Sarrasani _Circo nacional Argentino_. The Argentine Sarrasani existed until 1972.

The artist Fritz Mey re-launched the German Sarrasani in 1956. His partner, Ingrid Wimmer, was adopted by Trude Stosch-Sarrasani in 1976. André Sarrasani, son of Fritz Mey and Ingrid Wimmer, leads the circus since 2000. Sarrasani came back to Dresden in 1990 for the first time after 45 years. André Sarrasani performs today in Dresden the Dinner-Varieté-Show _Trocadero_.

Trude Stosch-Sarrasani died the 6 of June 2009.

## Literature

- Stosch-Sarrasani, Hans: Durch die Welt im Zirkuszelt. Berlin Schützen-Verl. 1940.
- Günther, Ernst: Sarrasani. Geschichte und Geschichten. Dresden Saxo-Phon. 2005.
- Weaver, Jace: Other words: American Indian literature, law, and culture, Vol. 39 of American Indian literature and critical studies series. University of Oklahoma Press, 2001

## Other websites

- Photos at Deutsche Fotothek
- Sarrasani in Dresden
War language

**War** (also spelled **Waar**) or **Amwi** is an Austro-Asiatic language spoken by about 16,000 people in Bangladesh and 12,000 people in the Republic of India.
Temple of Castor and Pollux

The **Temple of Castor and Pollux** is a Roman temple that worshipped the Gods, Castor and Pollux. This temple was based in the famous Roman Forum which is now in ruins.
Sonic the Hedgehog 3

***Sonic the Hedgehog 3*** (also known as ***Sonic 3***) is the fourth main video game in the _Sonic the Hedgehog_ series. It was made by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Mega Drive in 1994. The player plays as Sonic the Hedgehog or Miles "Tails" Prower and explores Angel Island while chasing down Dr. Robotnik and his new sidekick Knuckles the Echidna.

_Sonic 3_ was meant to be one long game, but it was too big to put onto an affordable cartridge. Because of this, the game is split into two parts. The second part is _Sonic & Knuckles_.

## Gameplay

The gameplay of _Sonic 3_ is the same as the last two games, but it has a few small changes. Sonic has a new ability called the Insta-Shield, where tapping a button after jumping lets Sonic attack enemies that are slightly further away. There are new power-ups that are different kinds of shields, replacing the normal one from the last games: the fire shield lets Sonic boost forward and protects him from fire attacks, the bubble shield lets Sonic bounce off the ground or off enemies and stops him from drowning, and the lightning shield gives Sonic a double jump and protects him from bullets and electric attacks.

This game also has a new special stage called Blue Spheres; Sonic runs around a large spherical stage collecting all of the blue spheres in the stage. If Sonic touches a red sphere, he loses and is forced out of the special stages.

## Plot

The game begins after what happened in the previous game; Sonic and Tails defeated Dr. Robotnik on his giant spaceship called the Death Egg. It then exploded and landed on Angel Island, an island that floats in the air. Knuckles lives on Angel Island. He guards the Master Emerald, which is a big green emerald that makes the island float. Dr. Robotnik knows that the Master Emerald is very powerful. He wants to steal it because he could fix the Death Egg with that power. He tricks Knuckles and tells him that Sonic and Tails are thieves and they want to steal the Master Emerald. Soon, Sonic and Tails arrive on Angel Island because they have seen that the Death Egg has fallen there. However, Knuckles surprises them, and takes away the Chaos Emeralds Sonic and Tails have collected.

## Development

Some of _Sonic 3_ music was composed by then-popular musician Michael Jackson. It is unknown which specific songs he did. Jackson apparently left due to child abuse allegations.

## Infobox (video game)

- **image**: Sonic the Hedgehog 3 logo.png
- **caption**: North American logo
- **series**: _Sonic the Hedgehog_
- **platforms**: Sega Genesis
- **released**: February 2, 1994
- **genre**: Platform game, Platform
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
Sheila Mello

**Sheila Chesed de Almeida Mello** (born 23 July 1978) is a Brazilian dancer, actress and model. She became famous for dancing in the band É o Tchan!

## Biography

Was born in Cidade Ademar, vila imperio, a district on the outskirts of São Paulo. Before becoming known for her participation in the group É o Tchan!, Sheila graduated in both classical ballet and in modern ballet.
__
Her entry to the group É o Tchan! came in 1998 through a contest held to choose a replacement for the dancer Carla Perez who left the group. Immediately after her victory she posed nude for the first time in _Playboy_ magazine. She was on the cover in the other two editions, one next to Sheila Carvalho, her colleague É o Tchan. In October 2007, she posed nude again, this time for the magazine _Sexy_.

## Movies

- 2007: Alphaville 2007 d.C
- 2007: Segurança Nacional

## Theatre

- _Herótica - Cartilha Feminina Para Homens Machos_ (direction: Darson Ribeiro)
- _Caldé e os Peixes Que Aprendem a Nadar no Ar_ (direction: Marcelo Lazzaratti)
- _Gretta Garbo Quem Diria, Acabou no Irajá_ (direction: Hilton Have)
- _O Santo e a Porca_ (direction: Ednaldo Freire)
- _Viúva, Porém Honesta_ (direction: Fábio Marcof)
- _A Invasão_ (direction: Gabriel Carmona)
- _Caminhos da Independência_
- _Uma Empregada Quase Perfeita_ (direction: Mirian Lins)
- _2/4 no Motel_ (direction: Flávio Colatrello)

### Singles

- 2003: Água
- 2009: Tic Tac
- 2009: Renascerá

## Television

- 2009: A Fazenda 2

## Other websites

- Official site
- Biografia di Sheila Mello
Seattle Sounders FC

**Seattle Sounders FC** is a team in Major League Soccer (MLS) that plays in Seattle, Washington. It was founded in 2007 and began playing in 2009. Their name, which comes from the name of two older teams in Seattle, was chosen by fans in 2008. The club's majority owner is Adrian Hanauer, and its minority owners are the estate of Paul Allen, Drew Carey, and a group of 11 Seattle-area families that includes Russell Wilson, his wife Ciara, and Macklemore. Many fans are in groups and also a 53-member band called Sound Wave plays at every home game. Their rivals, the Portland Timbers and Vancouver Whitecaps, play against the Seattle in the Cascadia Cup every year. Brian Schmetzer is the team's head coach.

The team was the 15th MLS team and first played in the 2009 season. At every Seattle game, all of the seats were sold and the fans set a new record for average (or middle) match attendance, while the team also sold more season tickets than anyone else in the MLS. The Seattle Sounders FC finished their first year in the MLS playoffs, but lost in the semi-finals. The team did win their first trophy, the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup, and became the second team to do so in their first year. The Sounders went on to win the U.S. Open Cup in 2010 and 2011 as well, becoming the first team in over 40 years to win that competition three straight times. They won again in 2014, also winning the Supporters' Shield. In 2016, Seattle won their first MLS Cup; they returned to the final the following year and lost.

## References

**Notes**

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Seattle Sounders FC
- **upright**: 0.7
- **nickname**: The Sounders
- **stadium**: Lumen Field
Seattle, Seattle, Washington
- **capacity**: 37,722
- **owntitle**: Majority owner
- **owner**: Adrian Hanauer
- **chrtitle**: General manager
- **chairman**: Garth Lagerwey
- **mgrtitle**: Head coach
- **manager**: Brian Schmetzer
- **league**: Major League Soccer
- **season**: 2019 Major League Soccer season, 2019
- **position**: Western Conference: 2nd
Overall: 4th
2019 MLS Cup Playoffs, Playoffs: Champions
- **website**: http://www.soundersfc.com/
- **american**: true
- **current**: 2019 Seattle Sounders FC season
- **pattern la1**: _sounders2024h
- **pattern b1**: _sounders2024h
- **pattern ra1**: _sounders2024h
- **pattern sh1**: _adidasshortwhite
- **pattern so1**: _color_3_stripes_on_white
- **leftarm1**: 3b98e2
- **body1**: 00bd62
- **rightarm1**: 3b98e2
- **shorts1**: 3b98e2
- **socks1**: 3b98e2
- **pattern la2**: _sounders2023a
- **pattern b2**: _sounders2023a
- **pattern ra2**: _sounders2023a
- **pattern sh2**: _adidasshortonblack
- **pattern so2**: _3_stripes_on_black
- **leftarm2**: 792529
- **body2**: 792529
- **rightarm2**: 792529
- **shorts2**: ece748
- **socks2**: ece748
Florence Ballard

**Florence Glenda Ballard Chapman** (June 30, 1943 – February 22, 1976) was an American rhythm and blues singer. She was one of the founders of The Supremes. She was born in Detroit, Michigan. She died in Detroit from coronary thrombosis.
Amanda Knox

**Amanda Marie Knox** (born July 10, 1987, Seattle, Washington) is an American author who was imprisoned without bail bond in Italy for 4 years during the trial and acquittal of the 2007 murder of Meredith Kercher, her British college housemate, in Perugia, Italy. On October 3, 2011, she was cleared of murder after an appeal trial. The sentence was declared invalid in March 2013. She was sentenced to 28 years and six months in jail in late January 2014. Her murder conviction was overturned for a final appeal in March 2015. Knox wrote about her treatment by Italian authorities and her prison problems in her 2013 memoir, _Waiting to Be Heard_.

Knox was, at the time of the murder, a 20-year-old University of Washington language student who shared a flat with Kercher. She was in Perugia attending the University for Foreigners for one year, studying Italian, German and creative writing. Knox met her boyfriend Raffaele Sollecito at a classical music concert held on October 25, 2007, which she attended with Kercher at the University for Foreigners. When Kercher left at the intermission, Sollecito met Knox.

Knox and her boyfriend Sollecito were put on trial. At the time of the murder on November 1, 2007, Kercher's house keys, rent money of 300 euros (~$450), and 2 mobile phones had been missing, but the phones were found in the bushes by a neighbor, several blocks away, when Knox called Kercher's numbers the next morning after finding the front door ajar. The prosecution claimed a knife fight with Sollecito had begun after Knox and Kercher had argued about the stolen rent money, as stated by convicted suspect Rudy Guede (whose DNA was found on the body and purse). However, Amanda Knox had over $4,000 in her bank account at the time, and said she had no motive. Sollecito's DNA was found in the kitchen ashtray and outside Kercher's door frame, where he tried to push the door, but not inside the room nor on the body. Sollecito was sent to prison for 25 years, and Knox for 26 years.

They both appealed their sentences.
At the first appeal trial in 2011, a man claimed to have seen Knox and Sollecito by a town square near the house that night, when other people were wearing costume masks, but Halloween had been 2 nights earlier, not the night of the murder. The first appeal verdict was given on October 3, 2011, and Knox and Sollecito were freed from prison on that date.

In January 2014, Amanda Knox and her prior lover Rafael Sollecito were again found guilty by the Italian higher court, which overturned the first appeal. Sollecito was stopped by Italian Police when he tried to cross the border with Austria, after the verdict.

In March 2015, at their fourth trial, Knox and Sollecito were acquitted of Kercher's murder by Italy's top appeal court. Despite being cleared of the murder charge, the guilty verdict against Knox for the slander of Patrick Lumumba - a bar owner she falsely accused of the crime - has been upheld.
Habilitation

In some countries, **Habilitation** is a step toward becoming a professor that comes after people receive their Ph. D. (doctor of philosophy or "doctorate"). The term **habilitation** is derived from the Medieval Latin _habilitare_, meaning "to make suitable, to fit", from Classical Latin _habilis_ "fit, proper, skillful".
Solca

**Solca** is a town of Suceava County in Romania.  There were around 2500 people living in Solca as of 2002.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
- **map caption**: Location of Solca
- **official name**: Solca
- **pushpin map**: Romania
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Solca
- **image shield**: ROU SV Solca CoA.png
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Romania, County
- **subdivision name1**: Suceava County
- **subdivision type2**: Subdivisions of Romania, Status
- **settlement type**: Town
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Valeruţ Ţăranu Hofnar
- **leader party**: Social Democratic Party (Romania), Social Democratic Party
- **population as of**: 2002
- **elevation m**: 500
- **population total**: 2500
- **website**: http://www.solca.ro/
Raspberry (color)

**Raspberry** is a color that resembles the color of raspberries.

The first recorded use of _raspberry_ as a color name in English was in 1892.

## Meaning of raspberry

- The color raspberry represents sensual experiences that are bright and tangy, like a raspberry.
- A two layer chocolate cake (usually made with chocolate icing on top) that has raspberry sauce filling (which is colored raspberry) between the two layers of cake is called a _Chocolate Decadence_ cake.
- Perhaps the most famous mention of the color raspberry was by Prince, in his popular song, "Raspberry Beret".

|Name|width=100|Color|HEX Code|Red|Green|Blue|Hue|Sat|Lum|Source|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Raspberry Pink|style = "background-color: #E25098; color:#ffffff"||#E25098|226|80|155|330°|72%|60%|(www.99colors.net) (Raspberry Sherbet)|
|**Raspberry**|style = "background-color: #E30B5D; color:#ffffff"||**#E30B5D**|**227**|**11**|**93**|**338°**|**91%**|**47%**|**(Maerz and Paul)**|
|Rich Raspberry|style = "background-color: #d72d5c; color:#ffffff"||#D72D5C|215|45|92|343°|68%|51%|(Raspberry Pantone TPX-18-1754)|
|Raspberry Sorbet|style = "background-color: #cc3a71; color:#ffffff"||#CC3A71|204|58|113|337°|59%|51%|(Pantone TPX-18-2043)|
|French Raspberry|style = "background-color: #c72c48; color:#ffffff"||#C72C48|199|44|72|349°|64%|48%|(Raspberry (Pourpre.com))|
|Raspberry Red|style = "background-color: #c51d34; color:#ffffff"||#C51D34|197|29|52|352°|74%|44%|(RAL #3027)|
|Bright Raspberry Rose|style = "background-color: #c7458b; color:#ffffff"||#C7458B|199|69|139|328°|54%|53%|(Raspberry Rose Pantone TPX-19-2432)|
|Deep Raspberry|style = "background-color: #ba067a; color:#ffffff"||#BA067A|186|6|122|321°|94%|38%|(Raspberry (Crayola colored pencils))|
|Raspberry Wine|style = "background-color: #b63157; color:#ffffff"||#B63157|182|49|87|343°|58%|45%|(Pantone TPX-18-1741)|
|Raspberry Rose|style = "background-color: #b3446c; color:#ffffff"||#B3446C|179|68|108|338°|45%|48%|(ISCC-NBS)|
|Raspberry Glace|style = "background-color: #915f6d; color:#ffffff"||#915F6D|145|95|109|343°|21%|47%|(Plochere)|
|Dark Raspberry|style = "background-color: #872657; color:#ffffff"||#872657|135|38|87|330°|56%|34%|(Raspberry Xona.com Color List)|
|Raspberry Radiance|style = "background-color: #82305a; color:#ffffff"||#82305A|130|48|90|329°|46%|35%|(Pantone TPX-19-2432)|

## Related pages

- List of colors
Bay of Campeche

The **Bay of Campeche** is an area in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico. In Mexico three states, Campeche, Tabasco, and Veracruz have a coastline on the Bay of Campeche.
Hi! Seoul Festival

**Hi! Seoul Festival** is a seasonal festival sponsored by Seoul Metropolitan Government and others.
It has been held for each season – spring, summer, fall, and winter - every year in Seoul, South Korea since 2003.

## Themes

Hi Seoul Festival has four different themes for every season. For example, the theme of spring is usually “palace” Seoul Festival of the Han River is held in summer season. Usually during fall, the theme of the festival is "art". Also, there is Seoul Festival of Lights for winter season.

## Other websites

- Hi Seoul Festival
Mandu (dumpling)

**Mandu** (만두; 饅頭) are Korean-style dumplings from Korea. _Mandu_ were introduced in Korea in the middle of the Joseon dynasty.

They are made from flour stuffed with meat and vegetables. This filling is called _so_ (소). Pork is the most common meat for _so_, but beef, chicken, or pheasant can also be ingredients of _mandu_. Vegetables are typically carrots, cucumbers, onions, and bean sprouts. Other additional ingredients are kimchi, tofu, or chopped noodles made from sweet potatoes. They can be fried, boiled, steamed or even baked, and each type has a different name. _Mandu_ are usually served with soy sauce mixed with vinegar for dipping.

They were traditionally made only in the early winter or for a holiday. However, in modern times, they are an everyday food.

## References

- http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=59581
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind

***Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind*** is a 2004 American romantic drama movie set in New York. It was released on March 19, 2004. It was directed by Michel Gondry, a well-known French director of _Human Nature_, and the story of the movie was written by Charlie Kaufman of _Being John Malkovich_ and _Adaptation_ and Pierre Bismuth as well as Gondry. Jim Carrey, famous for his acting in several comedy movies such as _The Mask_ and _Bruce Almighty_, and Kate Winslet, a heroine of _Titanic_, starred in this movie as main characters both of whom are struggling to erase their memories of love.

## Story

The story of this movie is about memory erasure of a couple who once loved each other but now, suffer from the memories of their love. Joel Barish (Jim Carrey) decides to erase his memory about his girlfriend, Clementine Kruczynski (Kate Winslet), after he discovered that she had removed all of her memories about him. He goes to see Dr. Howard Mierzwiak (Tom Wilkinson) of Lacuna Inc., a firm that helps people erase their painful, heartbreaking memories with a special brain map processing, and asks the doctor to erase his memory. However, while the memory erasure is ongoing, he faces with their earlier memories that are so passionate, sweet and precious that they should never be deleted. Although Joel tries to wake up and stop getting rid of her from his mind, Dr. Mierswiak and his employees keep going on the process. Joel eventually gets to the last memory, disappearing with the last words of Clementine saying, “Meet me in Montauk.” Other than the story of main characters, the staff members of Lacuna Inc. such as Mary (Kirsten Dunst), and Patrick (Elijah Wood) also have some related stories which will be a key for the ending of this movie.

## Quotes

The director tells people two quotes by Mary’s words in the movie. The first one is from Friedrich Nietzsche’s saying, “Blessed are the forgetful, for they get the better even of their blunders.” The second one is from Alexander Pope’s poem, “How happy is the blameless vestal's lot! The world forgetting, by the world forgot. Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind! Each prayer accepted, and each wish resigned.” The title of this movie, “Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind” is from this quote.

## Other websites

- Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Official site
- Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind The Internet Movie Database
Go-Stop

**Go-Stop** (; also called _Godori_) is a Korean card game which uses Hanafuda. Hanafuda cards have 48 cards. 4 cards are 1 set and 12 sets mean 12 months. Normally, 3 players play Go-Stop, but it is possible to play with 2 players or among more than 4 players.

Go-Stop is played for fun among friends or family members. But it also can be a kind of gambling. In recent years, Go-Stop became one of the most popular online board games in Korea with the development of internet.

## Rules

The rules of this game are different in different places, but the basic rules are the same. After deciding which player will go first, every player gets 7 cards and 6 cards which are placed upside down on the floor. The first player takes one card of his own out of his hand to pair the cards, and the game starts. It turns counter clockwise. Points are calculated by the cards that players get. If someone gets 3 points which are the minimum points to win, he can choose "Go" or "Stop". If he chooses "Stop", other players need to pay money according to the point of the winner, and then the game is finished. The winner is the first player in a new game. If he chooses "Go", the game continues. The player who chose "Go" needs to get another 1 point to select again "Go" or "Stop". But if one of other players gets 3 points before the player who chose "Go" gets another 1 point, the player who gets 3 points can stop the game as a winner. If it occurs, the player who chose "Go" should pay for the other player's money to the winner including his own. This is the specific rule that makes Go-Stop interesting.
Edward Scissorhands

***Edward Scissorhands*** is a 1990 American romantic fantasy movie directed by Tim Burton. Caroline Thompson wrote the screenplay. Danny Elfman, a composer and musician from the band Oingo Boingo, wrote and performed the music in this movie. The role of Edward was played by Johnny Depp, with Winona Ryder playing Kim, his love interest. After making this movie, Ryder became much more famous. Depp and Burton were a successful combination after this movie. Many of Burton's movies after _Edward Scissorhands_ star Depp.

## Plot

It starts with an old woman telling a story about snow to her granddaughter. The story is about an unhappy young man named Edward, who had scissors instead of hands. A saleswoman of Avon, Peg, visits the house on the top of the mountain in her town. There lived Edward. Edward was created by a lonely inventor. He was left unfinished because the inventor died before giving him human hands. Peg felt pity for him and took him home. He was welcomed in the village. The neighbors got to like him more because of his talent in gardening and hair cutting. Jim, Kim's boyfriend, tried to use Edward's skill of unlocking doors without a scratch for stealing money from his own father. However, the security system was operating and Edward was locked in the room alone, where he was later caught. After then, Jim started to dislike Edward. Later, when Edward caught saw that Kim was enjoying the snow outside, Edward made an ice sculpture of her. Jim called out her name, causing Edward to jump, and he accidentally cut Kim's hand. However, Jim claimed that it was intentional. Also, when Edward saved Kevin from being run over by Jim's drunk friend, he was misunderstood. People thought he was trying to hurt Kevin. Edward was suspected by all the people in the village. So he went back to the castle he was living in. Jim followed him and tried to hurt him, but Edward stabbed Jim and pushed him out of the window of the castle, killing him. Kim wanted to protect Edward. She lies to the villagers, saying that they killed each other. The story ends with a scene in which it is revealed that the old woman telling the story was Kim.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Edward Scissorhands
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Tim Burton
- **producer**: Tim Burton
Denise Di Novi
- **screenplay**: Caroline Thompson
- **story**: Tim Burton
Caroline Thompson
- **starring**: Johnny Depp
Winona Ryder
Dianne Wiest
Anthony Michael Hall
Kathy Baker
Alan Arkin
Vincent Price
- **music**: Danny Elfman
- **distributor**: 20th Century Fox
- **runtime**: 105 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $20 million
- **gross**: $86.02 million
Lippstadt

**Lippstadt** is a planned city in Westphalia. About 67,000 people lived there in 2008. The city is about 70 km east of Dortmund, and about 30 km west of Paderborn.

## History

The city was founded in 1185. It is the oldest founded city in Westphalia. Founded cities did not grow from earlier settlements; they were made as cities from the beginning. Lippstadt is known because there were many witch trials in the city, especially between 1565 and 1573. The priest Anton Praetorius wrote in 1613, that "Nail-smith Ebert Balve and his sister, a baker were released from prison, despite protests from the population. They had been tortured for a long time, and they had withdrawn their confessions." This witchcraft trial left a lasting impression on Praetorius and may have changed his thinking. In 1597, he risked his life so that the torture of a woman be stopped. Later, he continued to fight against witch-trials and torture through his writings. There were more witch trials in Lippstadt between 1630 and 1677.
Tteok

**Tteok** is a Korean traditional rice cake which is made of rice by kneading it with water. It tastes chewy and sticky. Tteok is usually only eaten on holidays or birthdays.

Koreans eat Tteok depending on the season. On the first day of the year, they make _Garaetteok_ which is shaped like a long white cylinder because it looks like a white thin thread that represents a long life generally in Asian culture. Sliced Garaetteok is used for making a soup named Tteokguk. In March, women make small sweet Korean pancakes called _Hwajeon_ with flowers. They use flowers such as azaleas and chrysanthemums. On Chuseok holiday, Korean Thanksgiving Day, Koreans make _Songpyeon_. They dough rice flour and stuff sesame, or chestnut into each. After they put it in, they shape it into a half moon.
Pansori

**Pansori** is  a Korean traditional narrative song that one sorikkun, a singer, weaves a story with chang (song), aniri (descriptive speech), and nurumsae (motion). The name of the song is also known as gapga, bonsaga, changga in Chinese, but it is called pansori in Korean. The term pansori first appeared in 'Mae-il Shin bo' (the name of the newspaper in 1910s in Korea) in 1913. Pansori is a performing art which one sorikkun, and one gosu (a drummer playing a barrel drum called buk) sing a song of a long story to the audience. 'Pan' in pansori means 'a place where many people gather', and 'sori' means 'sound'. Pansori represents voluntariness and impromptu which are the characteristics of Korean traditional music. For example, before Heung-rok Song period it had been orally narrated without any exact scripts by extemporarily inserting songs handed down orally and witty remarks into the stories taught by a master.

## Characteristics

Pansori is a professional art which requires sorikkun to have a high level of singing skill. Also, it is a performing art because one singer takes roles of various characters in a story. Music, literature, and play are the key elements that coexist in pansori. It was established as an independent performing art by associating with many adjacent genres of Korean traditional music such as Minyo, Mooga (songs that shamans sing in a performance of exorcism), Sijo, Japga (a folk music sung by common people during the latter part of Joseon dynasty), and Gasa. It is also the only genre that started with popular arts and led to ethnic arts in Korea.

## Ba-tang sori and Toe-mak sori

There is an opinion that in the traditional society Pansori indicated Ba-tang sori (a song that includes the whole story) and if a singer sang certain parts of a story, usually famous parts, it was called just 'sori'. Today if a singer sings a full story, it is called Ba-tang sori whereas, if a singer sing just some parts of the story, the sori is called Toe-mak sori or Ma-di sori. Toe-mak sori was mainly sung by sorikkun in the 20th century. However, after Dong-Jin Park, a famous male sorikkun, sang the full story of Heungbuga for five hours in 1968, many sorikkun tried to sing Ba-tang sori which requires sorikkun more efforts to sing.

## Related pages

- Pungmul

## References

- www.pansoree.com
Lord of War

***Lord of War*** is a crime thriller movie released in September 2005. It is directed by Andrew Niccol and starred Nicolas Cage, Ethan Hawke, Jared Leto and Bridget Moynahan. It deals with a story of gunrunner, named Yuri, who deals in arms trafficking. It is based on a real person named Victor Bout who was a notorious arms dealer.

The movie describes a person who deals in firearms as a "Merchant of Death", since by selling guns to people, Yuri is selling and bringing them death. At the end of the movie, an additional credit title points out the irony in that the five biggest arms exporting countries, the U.S., UK, Russia, France and China, are also the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.

## Story

The main character Yuri Orlov (played by Nicolas Cage) is a Ukrainian-American. He persuaded his brother Vitaly (Jared Leto) to be his partner in his arms trafficking business. They made a great success. Another important character, Jack Valentine (Ethan Hawke), is an Interpol agent. Jack finds out that Yuri is a gunrunner. From the first moment Jack met Yuri until the ending, he tried to arrest Yuri but every time Yuri escaped capture. At the last moment when Yuri finally got caught by Jack, Yuri said to Jack that he would never be sent to jail because he himself was a "necessary evil". He also told Jack that the U.S. government, which Jack was working for, also knew that and they needed arms dealers just like Yuri. In the end, Yuri got freed from capture and kept his business for the purpose of arming people in the world.

## Other websites

- Lord of War on Rottentomatoes
Westphalia

**Westphalia** () is a region in Germany. The cities of Arnsberg, Bielefeld, Bochum, Detmold, Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Hagen, Minden and Münster are in  its centre. In 1946, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia was created, which includes part of the historical region.

Westphalia is roughly the region between the rivers Rhine and Weser, north and south of the Ruhr River. During the course of history, different places and regions were called "Westphalia", the borders of the region can therefore not be defined exactly, as they depend on the entity and time talked about. For the same reason, there are different specifications of its area and number of people. They range between  in land area, and between 4.3 million and 8 million people. There is a consensus that Münster, Bielefeld and Dortmund are part of Westphalia.

A linguistic definition of Westphalia (see Westphalian language) includes the former Prussian Province of Westphalia (except Siegen-Wittgenstein), Lippe, the region around Osnabrück and the greater area of the Emsland. Present-day common use, however, often restricts the notion to the present part of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Westphalia is known for the 1648 Peace of Westphalia which ended the Thirty Years' War, as the two treaties were signed in Münster and Osnabrück.
Empress Myeongseong

**Empress Myeongseong** (25 September 1851 – 20 August 1895), also known as **Empress Min**, was the official wife of King Gojong. Emperor Gojong was the twenty-sixth king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. In 1902, she was given the honorary name of _Hyoja Wonseong Jeonghwa Hapcheon Honggong Seongdeok Myeongseong Taehwanghu_ (Hangul: 효자원성정화합천홍공성덕명성태황후, Hanja: 孝慈元聖正化合天洪功誠德明成太皇后). It is usually shortened to _Myeongseong Hwanghu_ (Hangul: 명성황후, Hanja: 明成皇后).

The Japanese felt that she was being politically unhelpful to them. After China was defeated in the First Sino-Japanese War, Queen Min tried to get help from Russia instead. She wanted to stop Japanese influence from spreading in Joseon, where it was getting stronger.

In South Korea, people have recently begun showing interest in Queen Min. Novels and musicals have been made about her.

## Early life

Empress Myeongseong (Min Jayoung) was born at 1851, as the daughter of Min Chirok in the province of Gyeonggi. She lost her father when she was eight, and grew in a scanty livelihood. Because the Heungseon Daewongun who was the father of King Gojong and the most powerful politician in that period, wanted the queen who had no political ambition or close relatives who would influence the queen, she was chosen as the queen of the Gojong by the recommendation of Yeoheung Budaebuin who was the mother of the King.

## As a queen

At first, she was not wecomed in the palace. Her husband already had a concubine, and no one helped her in palace. But she decided to confront with her father-in-law Heungseon Daewongun, because of the heir problem. She started to be active in politics, and made her relatives royal officers. The queen finally forced the Heungseon Daewongun to retire by arguing that Gojong, now twenty-two, should govern in his own right and banished the concubine. However, her policies about foreign countries made complaints from commons, and eventually the army rebelled against her, and for the Heungseon Daewongun to be restored. She evacuated from the palace, and returned by depending on Chinese army.

## Death

On October 8, 1895, the queen was murdered by a group of Japanese agents under Miura Gorō. Gorō's one of his men  threw her to the floor, jumped on her chest three times, and slashed and stabbed her with his sword, killing her instantly. She was 43 years old.

In the early morning, Japanese men who said that they were commanded by Gorō went into Gyeongbok Palace. When they went into the Queen's Quarters (Okhoru), they killed three women whom they thought were Empress Myeongseong. When they proved that one of the women was Queen Min, they burned her body in a forest in front of the Okhoru.
Callosamia promethea

The **Promethea Moth** (_Callosamia promethea_) is a species of moth.  It belongs in the family Saturniidae.  It is also known as the **Promethea Silkmoth** or the **Spicebush Silkmoth**.

## Description

The male has dark brownish-black wings.  There is a faint white line that runs down the center of both wings.  There is pinkish coloring near the tip of the fore wing (the top wing).  The female is bright reddish-pink or a brownish color.  Both genders have tan colored wing edges.  The wingspan measures 7.5-9.5 cm.

## Range

The Promethea Moth is found in the eastern half of the United States.  It is also found in the lower parts of eastern Canada.

## Life cycle

Mating happens from afternoon to early evening.  Egg-laying begins at night.  Females are attracted to lights, but males are not.  Females lay 2-12 eggs in a cluster on the host plant (the host plant is the plant that the caterpillar eats).  The yound caterpillars feed together on the underside of leaves.  They are greenish yellow and striped with black.  The older caterpillars do not feed together.  They are almost all green except for 4 red knobs above the thorax and 1 yellow knob on the eighth abdominal segment.  The caterpillar makes a cocoon within a leaf.  The cocoon is firmly attached to the lower branches of the host plant.  The Promethea Moth has 1 brood in the northern part of its range (which flies from June-July).  It has 2 or more broods in the southern part of its range (which fly from March-May and again from July-August).

## Host plants

Here is a list of host plants that the caterpillars feed on:

- _Acer_ - maple
- _Betula_ - birch
- _Cephalanthus_ - buttonbush
- _Fraxinus_ - ash
- _Halesia_ - silver bell
- _Laurus nobilis_ - Sweet Bay
- _Lindera benzoin_ - Spicebush
- _Liquidambar_ - sweet gum
- _Liriodendron tulipifera_ - Tulip-tree
- _Magnolia_ - magnolia
- _Malus_ - apple
- _Prunus serotina_ - Wild Black Cherry
- _Sassafras_ - sassafras
- _Symplocos tinctoria_ - Horse Sugar
- _Syringa_ - lilac
- _Tilia_ - basswood
Negros Oriental

**Negros Oriental**, sometimes called **Oriental Negros** (East Negros), is a province in the Philippines. It is one of two provinces found on Negros Island. Dumaguete is the capital and largest city of the province.
Valencia, Negros Oriental

**Valencia** is a municipality in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines.
Silla

**Silla** was one of the kingdoms of ancient Korea. It existed from 57 BC to 935 and is famous as the longest sustained country in Korean history.

Silla was founded by King Park Hyeokgeose in 57 BC, around Gyeongju in the southeast part of the Korean peninsula. Although Silla was founded earlier than Goguryeo and Baekje which coexisted with Silla during that time, it took more time for Silla to build firm government structure than those kingdoms. However, around the 6th century, by accepting Buddhism, Silla made its royal power stronger. Around the 7th century, Silla acquired the Han river area, which was the most important area in Korean history. Finally, Silla conquered Baekje in 660 and Goguryeo in 668, with the Tang Dynasty of China as an ally.

In the last stage of Silla, the king and noblemen indulged in extravagance, and it made people rebel. The later three kingdom period began as Gyeon Hwon founded a new country, later Baekje, succeeding the ancient Baekje, and Gung Ye built Taebong succeeding ancient Goguryeo. Silla could not withstand their growing force, and finally surrendered to Goryeo in 935 and collapsed.