Thakur

**Thakur (ठाकुर)** is a historical feudal title of the Rajputs or Kshatriyas of the Indian subcontinent It is also used as a surname in the present day. The female variant of the title is **Thakurani** or **Thakurain**, and is also used to describe the wife of a Thakur.

There are varying opinions among scholars about its origin. Some scholars suggest that it is not mentioned in the Sanskrit texts preceding 500 BCE, but speculates that it might have been a part of the vocabulary of the dialects spoken in northern India before the Gupta Empire. It is viewed to have been derived from word _Thakkura_ which, according to several scholars, was not an original word of the Sanskrit language but a borrowed word in the Indian lexis from the Tukhara regions of Inner Asia. Another view-point is that _Thakkura_ is a loan word from the Prakrit language.

Scholars have suggested differing meanings for the word, i.e. "god", "broodlord", and "master of the estate". Broodlord Ram was a Suryavanshi Kshatriya(the sun dynasty) while Broodlord Krishna was a Yaduvanshi Kshatriya(a branch of the Chandravansh i.e.,the lunar dynasty). Thus, the ‘Thakur’ title is used for the Gods for the same reason.

## Etymology and meaning

Sisir Kumar Das stated that the word _Thakur_ is derived from the "late Sanskrit" word _Thakkura_.

Harka Bahadur Gurung noted that the Nepalese version of the word _Thakur_ is _Thakuri_.

The meaning of the word _Thakur_ was suggested to be "god" by S. K. Das; "broodlord" by Blair B. Kling; and "master of the estate" by H. B. Gurung.

## Origin

Nirmal Chandra Sinha stated that the word _Thakura_ is "unknown" to the Vedic and Classical Sanskrit and finds no mention in the Sanskrit literature preceding 500 BCE. He suggests, however, that "the word was possibly current in many north Indian dialects before the Imperial Guptas". Sinha notes that many scholars, such as Buddha Prakash, Frederick Thomas, Harold Bailey, Prabodh Bagchi, Suniti Chatterji, and Sylvain Lévi, have suggested that _Thakura_ is a borrowed word in the Indian lexis from the Tukhara regions of Inner Asia. Sinha observed:

Byomkes Chakrabarti noted that the Sanskrit word _Thakkura_ finds mention in "late Sanskrit". He doubted, however, that _Thakkura_ is "an original Sanskrit word" and was of the opinion that _Thakkura_ is probably a loan word from the Prakrit language.

## Usage

Susan Snow Wadley noted that the title _Thakur_ was used to refer to "a man of intermediate but mid-level caste, usually implying a landowning caste". Wadley further notes that _Thakur_ was viewed as a "more modest" title in comparison to _"Rājā" (King)_.

S. K. Das noted that while the word _thakur_ means "god", it is also used to refer to the father-in-law of a woman or for the Rajputs.

Some academics have suggested that "_Thakur_ was merely a title and not an office whereby a holder was entitled to wield some power in the state". However, some other academics have noted that this title had been used by "petty chiefs" in the western areas of Himachal Pradesh.

The title was used by rulers of several princely states, including Ambliara, Vala, Morbi, Barsoda, and Rajkot State. Sons of thakurs were given the Sanskrit title of _Kumara_ ('prince'), popular usage being _Kunwar_ in the North and _Kumar_ in Bengal and South India.

The territory of land under the control of a _Thakur_ was called _thikana_.