juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
J1 League

The , in the past known as , is part of the Japanese football club system.

J1 League is the top grouping of the .

It is one of the three major titles in Japan, along with J. League Cup and Emperor's Cup.

The second tier is represented by the J2 League.

### Participating clubs

|Club|Year joined|Seasons in J1|Based in|First season in top flight|Seasons in top flight|Current spell in top flight|Last title|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1993|26|Southwestern cities/towns of Ibaraki|1985|29|1993–|2016|
||1994|11|South and central cities/town in Kanagawa|1972|29|2018–|1981|
|Cerezo Osaka|1995|18|Osaka & Sakai, Osaka|1965|44|2017–|1980|
|Consadole Sapporo|1998|7|All cities/towns in Hokkaidō|1989/90|10|2017–|–|
||1993|26|Yokohama, Yokosuka & Yamato|1979|38|1982–|2004|
||1999 (J2)|15|Kawasaki, Kanagawa|1977|17|2005–|2018|
|Gamba Osaka|1993|25|North cities in Osaka|1986/87|32|2014–|2014|
|Nagoya Grampus|1993|25|All cities/towns in Aichi|1973|33|2018–|2010|
|Júbilo Iwata|1994|23|Iwata, Shizuoka|1980|32|2016–|2002|
||1993|25|Saitama|1965|51|2001–|2006|
||1993 (J)|25|Shizuoka|1993|26|2017–|–|
|Sagan Tosu|1999 (J2)|7|Tosu, Saga|2012|7|2012–|–|
|Sanfrecce Hiroshima|1993|24|Hiroshima, Hiroshima|1965|46|2009–|2015|
||1999 (J2)|18|Tokyo|2000|24|2012–|–|
||1999 (J2)|8|All cities/towns in Ōita|2003|8|2019–|–|
|Vegalta Sendai|1999 (J2)|11|Sendai, Miyagi|2002|11|2010–|–|
|Vissel Kobe|1997|20|Kobe, Hyōgo|1997|20|2014–|–|
||2012 (J2)|1|Central cities/village in Nagano|2015|1|2019|–|

Source for teams participating:
- _Pink background denotes club was most recently promoted from J2 League._
- _"Year joined" is the year the club joined the J.League (Division 1 unless otherwise indicated)._
- _"First season in top flight", "Seasons in top flight", "Current spell in top flight", and "Last title" include seasons in the old Japan Soccer League First Division._

## Other websites

- J-League at NHK.or.jp
Philippine Revolution

- _This article is about the 19th-century revolution. For the 20th-century event that is also called "Philippine Revolution", see EDSA Revolution of 1986_

The **Philippine Revolution** (1896–1898) was a war between the Spanish colonial regime and the Katipunan rebels. The revolution attempted to reach the rebels' goal: for the Philippines to undergo a revolution that would gain independence from Spain.
Victoria, Seychelles

**Victoria** (sometimes called **Port Victoria**) is the capital city of the Republic of Seychelles. It is on the north-eastern side of Mahé island, which the main island of the archipelago.  The city was first created as the capital of the British colonial government. Victoria has a population of 24,970 people (2002). About one third of the population of the Seychelles lives in the city. Victoria is served by the Seychelles International Airport

The main exports of Victoria are vanilla, coconuts, coconut oil, corn, tortoise shell, soap, and guano. The harbour is a short distance east of the town. Tuna fishing and canning are a major local industry.

## Things to see

Things to see in the city include a clocktower built similar to Little Ben in London, England. It is a small version of Big Ben. Other things include the Courthouse, the Victoria Botanical Gardens, the Victoria National Museum of History, the Victoria Natural History Museum and the Sir Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke Market.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Victoria
- **nickname**: Port Victoria
- **image skyline**: Victoria_(Seychelles).jpg
- **image caption**: Port Victoria
- **image map**: Se-map.gif
- **map caption**: Location of Victoria
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Seychelles
- **subdivision type1**: Island
- **subdivision name1**: Mahé, Seychelles, Mahé
- **population as of**: 2002
- **population total**: 24,970
- **timezone**: Seychelles Time, SCT
- **utc offset**: +4
Television licence

The **television licence** (sometimes called the _TV licence_ or the _television tax_) is a small tax that people pay to watch television. It is used to pay, or part-pay, for the local public broadcaster, such as the BBC in the United Kingdom. It mainly exists in Europe, East Asia and parts of Africa. The licence fee varies in size from a few euros to around 350 euros per year in Iceland. In return for paying the licence, the broadcaster does have few or no adverts.

In the past, before television was well known, people used to have a radio licence, which is a roughly the same as television licence, but for radio. Some countries still have the radio licence together with the television licence.
Gob

- _Gob is also a slang term for a mouth.
**Gob** are a Canadian punk band from Burnaby, British Columbia . The band was formed in 1994.  The band's sound is based on distorted guitars. They have had many songs used on Electronic Arts's sports video games. The band has appeared on several outdoor music festivals, the most well-known being Vans Warped Tour.

### Studio albums

- _Too Late... No Friends_ (1995)
- _How Far Shallow Takes You_ (1998)
- _World According to Gob_ (2001)
- _Foot in Mouth Disease_ (2003)
- _Muertos Vivos_ (2007)

### Other albums

- _Gob_ (1994)
- _Ass Seen on TV_ (1997)
- _F.U. EP_ (2002)
- _Dildozer'' (1995)

## Other websites

- Official Website
- Official gob MySpace
- Gobfans.com

## Infobox (band)

- **name**: Gob
- **image**: SUM 41 Moscow 11.09.2010 5.jpg
- **caption**: at SUM 41 in Moscow
- **years active**: 1994–present
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Burnaby, Canada
- **genre**: Punk rock
- **label**: Sony BMG Music Entertainment
Arista Records
- **current members**: Theo Goutzinakis
Thomas Thacker, Tom Thacker
Gabe Mantle
Tyson Maiko
- **past members**: Craig Wood (guitarist), Craig Wood
Auckland Grammar School

**Auckland Grammar School** is a public school in Auckland New Zealand. It teaches boys from age thirteen to eighteen. The school also has some places near the school where students who come from distant places can live. It is one of the biggest schools in New Zealand. The school has more than two thousand students. The School's motto is "_Per Angusta Ad Augusta_". It means "Through Hardship to Glory". This motto is most often reiterated within the school. The current Headmaster is Tim O'Connor.

## History

Auckland Grammar School was first set up in 1868 by Sir George Grey. He was the governor of New Zealand from 1861 to 1868. During that time, the new European settlers were fighting with the Māori people over land rights issues. The Governor of New Zealand asked for military help from the British Empire. Britain sent up to one million soldiers to New Zealand to end the problems. Many of the soldiers settled with their families in Auckland. Sir George Grey decided to create Auckland Grammar School to give a very good education to the soldiers' sons.

## Tibbs House

Tibbs House was opened in 1962 with 46 boys to provide an opportunity for boys outside of the greater Auckland area to attend Auckland Grammar School.

It was named after the fourth Headmaster of Auckland Grammar School, Mr J W Tibbs MA, CMG, who was Headmaster from 1893 to 1922. A statue of Mr Tibbs can be found at the entrance to Old Tibbs House.

## Rules

People of all classes or racial background who live in New Zealand are all the same when it comes to being allowed to go to the school. The school believes it is very important to teach many different languages and, in particular, 'the instructing in Latin.' The school tries to get all of the students to do very well in all educational areas, for example, Academic, Sporting and Cultural fields. The school does however show some disregard for national educational standards.

## Famous former students

- Sir Edmund Hillary (The first person to climb Mount Everest)
- Russell Crowe
- Cyrill Basset (Won the Victoria's Cross during World War I)
- Hon Sir Leslie Munro former President of the General Assembly of the United Nations

## Other websites

- Official school website
Rose Tattoo

**Rose Tattoo** is a hard rock band from Sydney, Australia. The band was formed in 1976. The band is led by singer Angry Anderson. Among their best known songs are "We Can't Be Beaten", "Scarred for Life", "Rock 'n' Roll Outlaw" and "Bad Boy for Love". Their first 4 albums were produced by Harry Vanda and George Young who also worked with AC/DC.

Other bands have played Rose Tattoo songs including Guns N' Roses (_Nice Boys_), L.A. Guns (_Rock'N'Roll Outlaw_), Nashville Pussy (_Rock'N'Roll Outlaw_ and _Nice Boys_), Brass Tacks (_Nice Boys_), Public Toys (_Nice Boys_), Lower Class Brats (_We Can't Be Beaten_) and Canadian punk rock band Youth Youth Youth (_We can't be beaten_).

## Members

- Angry Anderson - singer
- Mick Cocks - guitar
- Peter Wells - slide guitar
- Ian Rilen - bass guitar
- Dallas Royal - drums

## Discography

- _Rose Tattoo_ – (1978, Albert Productions)
- _Scarred For Life (Unreleased Album)_ (1980, Albert)
- _Assault & Battery_ – (1981, Albert)
- _Scarred for Life_ – (1982, Albert)
- _Southern Stars_ – (1982, Albert)
- _Beats from a Single Drum_ – (1986, Mushroom Records)
- _Pain_ – (2002, SPV)
- _Blood Brothers_ – (2007)

## Other websides

- www.rosetattoo.com.au

## Infobox (band)

- **name**: Rose Tattoo
- **img**: Hellfest2018RoseTattoo 03.jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **img capt**: Rose Tattoo, 2018
- **years active**: 1976 - 1985; 1998 - present
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Sydney, Australia
- **genre**: Hard rock
- **label**: Albert Productions, Mushroom Records
- **current members**: * Angry Anderson
* Mick Cocks
* Peter Wells
* Ian Rilen
* Dallas Royal
- **past members**: Peter Wells

Ian Rilen

Dallas "Digger" Royal

Steve King

Lobby Lloyde

Greg Jordan

John Meyer

Scott Johnston

Tim Gaze

Andy Cichon

Robin Riley
Patriots' Day

**Patriots' Day** (sometimes spelled **Patriot's Day** or **Patriots Day**) is a legal holiday in Massachusetts. The holiday remembers the American men and women who fought during the Revolutionary War.

In the past, Patriots' Day was on April 19.  This was done in honor of Lexington and Concord.  These were the first battles of the American Revolutionary War that were fought on that date in 1775.  Since 1969, however, the holiday has been on the third Monday in April.

The Boston Marathon is run on this day every year. The Boston Marathon bombings happened on this day in 2013. The Boston Red Sox have played a home game at Fenway Park on this day every year since 1960.
Woodside, London

**Woodside** is a neighbourhood in Croydon, in the London Borough of Croydon, England. Woodside Racecourse opened in 1866 on a park called Stroud Green Farm, it has now closed and is now the site of Ashburton Learning Village, closing in 1890. Woodside station opened to serve visitors to the racecourse, but not a lot of people used it when the course closed so it was replaced to make way for a tram line.

Woodside is close to South Norwood and Addiscombe.
Sofia

**Sofia** is the capital and the largest city of Republic of Bulgaria. Sofia means wiseness in Greek language and in Ancient Greek language. It has 1.3 million people. It is the 15th largest city of the European Union. Sofia is in the west of Bulgaria.

Sofia is one of the oldest capital cities in Europe; the history of Sofia dates back to the 8th century BC.

Many of the major, biggest universities, cultural centers and institutions, and many businesses of Bulgaria are concentrated in Sofia.

Sofia has Sofia University called Kliment Ohridski, to the name of Kliment, the student of Cyril and Methodius, National Library is located in Sofia, the National Theater, National Palace of Culture of Bulgaria in German-Berlin style having a big garden with waterfalls.

Political institutions are located in Sofia as the Parliament of Bulgaria and the Ministries, together with the Presidency.

Many big cinemas are located in Sofia, historical and new.

However the previous capital is Veliko Tarnovo, and Sofia became a capital after the Liberation of Bulgaria that is celebrated on 3rd of March.

At 550 m (1,800 ft) above sea level, Sofia is the third highest capital in Europe (after the Andorran capital Andorra la Vella and the Spanish capital Madrid). It has a humid continental climate (_Dfb_ in the Köppen climate classification).

## Other websites

- Sofia complete accommodation guide

## Infobox (city)

- **official name**: Sofia
- **native name**: София
- **image skyline**: 1-Sofia-parliament-square-ifb.JPG
- **imagesize**: 270px
- **image caption**: Alexander Liberator depicted in metal in front of the National Assembly of Bulgaria, National Assembly Square in central Sofia Orlov Most, Eagles' Bridge detail
- **image flag**: BG Sofia flag.svg
- **image shield**: BG Sofia coa.svg
- **pushpin map**: Bulgaria
- **mapsize**: 320 px
- **map caption**: Position of Sofia in Bulgaria
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Bulgaria, Province
- **subdivision name**: Bulgaria
- **subdivision name1**: Sofia-Capital
- **leader title**: List of mayors of Sofia, Mayor of Sofia
- **leader name**: Yordanka Fandakova (Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria, GERB)
- **established title**: Settled by Thracians
- **established date**: 7th century BC
- **area total km2**: 1.349
- **population as of**: Census 2011 (City and Urban),
Forecast for 2012 (Metro)
- **population total**: 1,270,284
- **population density km2**: 944
- **population urban**: 1,359,520
- **population metro**: 1,380,000 (Metro area)
1,495,000 (Metro region)
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
- **elevation m**: 550
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 1000
- **area code**: (+359) 02
- **website**: [http://www.sofia.bg/en/index_en.asp www.Sofia.bg]
- **motto**: Расте, но не старее
(Grows but Does not Age)
Burette

A **burette** is a vertical tube-like instrument, used to measure and separate known amounts of liquids in laboratories. Burettes are very precise and one can measure the volume of a fluid with the precision of ±0.05 mL with them.

## History

Francois Antoine Henri Descroizilles developed the first burette on 1791. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac invented a more complete burette later.
Maghen Abraham Synagogue

The **Maghen Abraham Synagogue** is the oldest synagogue in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon.

## History

This synagogue was very important to Jewish Lebanese in the early twentieth century. It was built in 1925. It was then named after the son of Abraham Sason. It was used as a place to stay for illegal travelers. Some of the people who traveled without legal papers stayed in the synagogue while going to Palestine. Today, it is now called Israel.

In 1976, a year after the civil war began, Joseph Farhi took the Torah scrolls from the synagogue to Geneva. Most of them were sent to Sephardic synagogues in Israel.

Israel attacked its enemies in Lebanon. This brought anger by other people towards Lebanese Jews. Lebanese Jews became targets to Islamic militant groups since 1984. But even during the fighting, Yasser Arafat's PLO forces and the Christian Phalangists did protect Wadi Abu Jamil during the 1982 Lebanon War. But, the presence of Palestine Liberation Organization forces in the area brought Israeli attacks that damaged the synagogue itself.

The late former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri wanted to rebuild the synagoge, but that never happened. The Talmudic school next to it was broken down. This was to keep view of the beach nearby.

## Related pages

- Deir el Qamar Synagogue (Mount Lebanon)
- Beth Elamen Cemetery
- History of the Jews in Lebanon
- Wadi Abu Jamil

## Sources

- Karam, Dima (October 2003), Beirut Synagogue is a Reminder of a Departed People , Daily Star.
- Hendler, Sefi (August 19 2006), Beirut’s last Jews, Ynetnews.
Georg Danzer

**Georg Franz Danzer** (7 October 1946 in Vienna – 21 June 2007, in Asperhofen) was an Austrian musician. He wrote and sang many songs. Many people think of him as the father of Austropop. This is because he usually sang his songs in the local dialect. He died of lung cancer at age 60.
Bentheuphausia amblyops

***Bentheuphausia amblyops*** is a species of krill. Krill are small shrimp-like crustaceans living in the ocean.

_B. amblyops_ is the only species within its genus, which in turn is the only genus within the family **Bentheuphausiidae**. All the 85 other species of krill known are classified in the family Euphausiidae.

_B. amblyops_ can be found in the northern Atlantic Ocean. It occurs in latitudes south of 40° N, and also in the southern seas of the Atlantic, in the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific. It is a bathypelagic krill that lives in deep waters below 1,000 m. It is distinguished from the Euphausiidae by several morphological features. The features most easily used to tell it apart are  that the animals  are _not_ bioluminescent and that their first pair of pleopods is _not_ modified as copulatory tool organs. Also, their eyes are smaller than those of the Euphausiidae. Adults reach a length of 4 to 5 cm.

## References

- Taxonomy of _Bentheuphausia amblyops_ from ITIS.
- Distribution data set of _Bentheuphausia ambylops_ from OBIS.
- Australian Faunal Directory entry for _Bentheuphausia amblyops_.
- Mauchline, J.: Euphausiacea: _Adults_ , Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 1971.
- Sars, G. O.: _Bentheuphausia amblyops_, in _Rep. scient. Results Voyage H.M.S. Challenger 1873-76_, **13**(3), 1885.
Grosse Ile Township, Michigan

**Grosse Ile** Township is a town in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The township is coterminous with the island in the Detroit River called Grosse Ile. The name comes from French, meaning "Big Island". The population was 10,788 at the 2020 census. It is part of the collection of communities known as Downriver.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Grosse Ile Township, Michigan
- **settlement type**: Civil township
- **image skyline**: Grosse Ile Michigan aerial Jan2016.jpg
- **imagesize**: 275
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Grosse Ile Township looking north
- **pushpin map**: Michigan#USA
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin label**: Grosse Ile
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of Michigan##Location within the United States
- **image map**: Location of Grosse Ile, Michigan in Wayne County.svg
- **mapsize**: 250
- **map caption**: Location within Wayne County, Michigan, Wayne County
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Michigan, County
- **subdivision name2**: Wayne County, Michigan, Wayne
- **leader title**: Supervisor
- **leader title1**: Municipal clerk, Clerk
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1776
- **established title1**: Organized
- **established date1**: 1914
- **area water km2**: 24.53
- **area total sq mi**: 18.67
- **area total km2**: 48.36
- **area land km2**: 23.83
- **area land sq mi**: 9.20
- **area water sq mi**: 9.47
- **elevation ft**: 594
- **elevation m**: 181
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 10788
- **population metro**: 4285832 (Metro Detroit)
- **population density sq mi**: 1127.3
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code, ZIP code(s)
- **postal code**: 48138 (Grosse Ile)
48192 (Wyandotte, Michigan, Wyandotte)
- **area code**: Area code 734, 734
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 26-35420
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1626407
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Malacostraca

The **Malacostraca** (Greek: "soft shell") are the largest subgroup of crustaceans. They include decapods (such as crabs,  lobsters and shrimp), stomatopods (mantis shrimp) and krill. There are 22,000 members in this group. It represents two thirds of all crustacean species. The first malacostracans appeared in the Cambrian period.

The classification of crustaceans is currently being debated. Some think Malacostraca is a class and others think it is a subclass.

## Morphology

Malacostraca have heads with six segments. They have a pair of antennules and a pair of antennae. They also have mouthparts. There are appendages near the mouthparts, called maxillipeds. They have five pairs of walking legs. The first pair is formed like a pincer. There are eight thoracic segments. There are six abdominal segments. They are used for swimming. Members of Malacostraca have compound stalked or sessile eyes. They have a two-chambered stomach and a centralized nervous system.

## Classification

Class **Malacostraca** <small>Latreille, 1802</small>
- Subclass Phyllocarida <small>Packard, 1879</small>
        - †Order Archaeostraca
        - †Order Hoplostraca
        - †Order Canadaspidida
        - Order Leptostraca <small>Claus, 1880</small>
- Subclass Hoplocarida <small>Calman, 1904</small>
        - Order Stomatopoda <small>Latreille, 1817</small> (mantis shrimp)
- Subclass Eumalacostraca <small>Grobben, 1892</small>
    - Superorder Syncarida <small>Packard, 1885</small>
        - †Order Palaeocaridacea
        - Order Bathynellacea <small>Chappuis, 1915</small>
        - Order Anaspidacea <small>Calman, 1904</small>
    - Superorder Peracarida <small>Calman, 1904</small>
        - Order Spelaeogriphacea <small>Gordon, 1957</small>
        - Order Thermosbaenacea <small>Monod, 1927</small>
        - Order Lophogastrida <small>Sars, 1870</small>
        - Order Mysida <small>Haworth, 1825</small>
        - Order Mictacea <small>Bowman, Garner, Hessler, Iliffe & Sanders, 1985</small>
        - Order Amphipoda <small>Latreille, 1816</small>
        - Order Isopoda <small>Latreille, 1817</small> (woodlice, slaters)
        - Order Tanaidacea <small>Dana, 1849</small>
        - Order Cumacea <small>Krøyer, 1846</small>
    - Superorder Eucarida <small>Calman, 1904</small>
        - Order Euphausiacea <small>Dana, 1852</small>
        - Order Amphionidacea <small>Williamson, 1973</small>
        - Order Decapoda <small>Latreille, 1802</small> (crabs, lobsters, shrimp)
Decapod

**Decapoda** is an order of crustaceans in the class Malacostraca. Many familiar groups, such as crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns and shrimp are in this order. Many decapods are scavengers - they eat dead plants and animals. Crabs are mixed feeders, taking algae and  shellfish such as molluscs. Lobsters eat mostly live prey.

## Anatomy

As their name suggests, all decapods have ten appendages.

The last five pairs of appendages on the front half of the body, the _cephalothorax_, are used for walking.

In many decapods, the front pair of appendages carry large pinching claws. The claws are called _chelae_, so these appendages may be called _chelipeds_.

The front three pairs of appendages on the thorax are used as jaws, and called _maxillipeds_.

On the abdomen are swimming appendages called _pleopods_, and the body ends in a tail fan.

## Classification

Classification of the order Decapoda depends on the structure of the gills and legs, and the way in which the larvae develop. There are two suborders: Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata. Prawns (including many so-called "shrimp", such as the Atlantic white shrimp) make up the Dendrobranchiata. The other groups, including true shrimp, are the Pleocyemata.

The following classification  follows Martin and Davis, with some changes based on more recent structural and molecular studies.x

Order Decapoda <small>Latreille, 1802</small>  (Selection, not everything is listed)
- Suborder Dendrobranchiata <small>Bate, 1888</small>  prawns

- Suborder Pleocyemata <small>Burkenroad, 1963</small>

- Infraorder Caridea <small>Dana, 1852</small>  true shrimp

- Infraorder Achelata <small>Scholtz & Richter, 1995</small>  spiny lobsters, slipper lobsters, and furry lobsters
    - Infraorder Astacidea <small>Latreille, 1802</small>  lobsters and crayfish

- Infraorder Anomura <small>MacLeay, 1838</small>

- Superfamily Galatheoidea <small>Samouelle, 1819</small>  squat lobsters

- Superfamily Paguroidea <small>Latreille, 1802</small>  hermit crabs
    - Infraorder Brachyura <small>Latreille, 1802</small>  crabs
Rafik Hariri

**Rafik Baha ad-Din Hariri** (; November 1, 1944 – February 14, 2005) was a Lebanese billionaire and businessman. He was Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1992 to 1998, and he became Prime Minister again in 2000. But on October 20, 2004, he quit his job. He helped a lot in rebuilding Beirut, which was damaged from the fighting during the civil war.

## Death

Hariri was killed along with 21 other people on February 14, 2005 by a truck bomb. A thousand kilograms of TNT exploded in a van near his car. His car was passing through St. George Hotel in the Lebanese capital, Beirut. People are still trying to learn who did it, and the United Nations have helped to investigate. Serge Brammertz is leading this investigation. Many people in Lebanon said that the government of Syria and its allies did it. So far, Brammertz said that DNA evidence collected from the exploded area shows that the killing was done by a young man who blew himself up at the time.
Antenna (biology)

An **antenna** (plural **antennae**) is one of a pair of feelers (appendages) connected to the front segments of crustaceans and insects. They are found on the first two segments of the head. The smaller pair are known as antennules.

Antennae are jointed and extend forward from the head. They are sensory organs. The organ may sense touch, air motion, heat, vibration (sound), and especially smell or gustation (taste).
Sepp Dietrich

**Josef "Sepp" Dietrich** (28 May 1892 in Hawangen, Kingdom of Bavaria – 21 April 1966 in Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg) was a German Waffen-SS general. He was a Senior SS-Officer, and one of the closest men to Hitler. For his wartime services, he was one of only 27 men to be awarded the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds.

He served in the Imperial German Army from 1911, and was an infantry soldier until 1919. He became a Junior SS-Officer in 1928, and rose to Senior SS-Officer in 1933, holding that rank throughout the Third Reich until 1945. During World War II, Dietrich commanded both Waffen-SS and regular German Army units from the Wehrmacht. He and his troops committed various horrific crimes.

Dietrich and other members of the Waffen-SS were tried for war crimes after the war. He served two terms of imprisonment, but was finally released in 1959 for health reasons. He died of a heart attack in 1966.

|SS Officer rank equivalent|German Army Officer rank Equivalent|Date and Years|
| --- | --- | --- |
|SS-Sturmbannfuhrer|Major|1928-1929|
|SS-Standartenfuhrer|Colonel|1929-1930|
|SS-Obergruppenfuhrer und SS-Oberstgruppenfuhrer|General|1931-1945|
Hue

- ''Not to be confused with Huế.

**Hue** is one of the main properties of a color.

It is defined as “the degree to which a stimulus is similar to, or different from, stimuli that are red, green, blue, and yellow” (the unique hues).

The other main aspects of color appearance are colorfulness, chroma, saturation, lightness, and brightness.

Usually, colors with the same hue are distinguished with adjectives referring to their lightness and/or chroma, such as with "light blue", "pastel blue", "vivid blue".
Freeview (New Zealand)

**Freeview** is free television service in the New Zealand, It is sent to people's home using a digital signal by either over the air or by satellite. It is planning to have more channels than analogue television provides. The service was put on air on 2 May 2007. The service was created as a local copy of the British digital television service, also known as Freeview.

Some TVs can receive Freeview automatically, but most people have to buy a special box to connect to their old TV or replace their satellite box, if they want to get by satellite.
Burqa

A **Burqa** is a piece of clothing. It is worn by some Muslim women. They can wear it as an outer garment. It only leaves a semi-transparent mesh in front of the woman's eyes, so she can see. The rest of the body is covered by it.

Other garments for Muslim women that cover less of their body are the hijab and the niqab. People often confuse the hijab and the niqab and call it burqa instead.

## In Islamic texts

The Quran does not say that women need to cover their faces with a veil, or cover their bodies with the full-body burqa.

## Burqas around the world

In France, Italy, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Latvia, Bulgaria, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Tunisia, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands wearing a burqa (and the niqab) in public is illegal. And in more countries, it is illegal to enter a government building, public building, public transport, schools, or to drive a vehicle with a burqa (or a niqab).
The Satanic Verses

***The Satanic Verses*** is a novel by Salman Rushdie.

Part of it was inspired by the life of Muhammad. The title refers to Satanic verses. This is one of the interpretations of the Qur'an. This interpretation is what Ibn Ishaq did in the oldest surviving text of the work. Some Islamic and most non-Muslim Western historians and commentators on the Qur'an have accepted this story of Muhammad's momentary acceptance of the verses although there are no known sources confirming the presence of these verses in reality in Qur'an in olden times. A common Muslim viewpoint is that the existence of the verses is just a fabrication created by non-Muslims.

The novel caused much controversy when it was published. Many Muslims felt that it contained blasphemous references. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, a Shi'a Muslim scholar, issued a fatwa that called for the death of Rushdie and claimed that it was the duty of every Muslim to obey. As a result, Hitoshi Igarashi, the Japanese language translator of the book was stabbed to death on 11 July 1991; Ettore Capriolo, the Italian language translator, was seriously injured in a stabbing the same month. William Nygaard, the publisher in Norway, survived an attempted assassination in Oslo in October 1993. On 14 February 2006, the Iranian state news agency reported that the fatwa will remain in place permanently.

In the United Kingdom, however, the book was praised by a lot of critics. It was a 1988 Booker Prize Finalist, eventually losing to Peter Carey's _Oscar and Lucinda_.
Satanic verses

**Satanic verses** is a name given to a number of verses of the Qur'an. These verses became famous because they were added to a version of the book. In a later version, they were taken out again. Different groups of people have different views about these verses. According to the first biography of Muhammad, _Sīrat Rasul Allah, Life of the Apostle of God_, by Islamic authors Ṭabarī (839-923) and al-Wāqidī (745-822), Muhammad, who struggled to convert the inhabitants of Mecca, was tempted by Satan (_Iblis_) while he was reciting the _sūra_ al-Najm (considered - like all the Islamic sacred text - a divine revelation transmitted to him through the archangel Gabriel) who suggested a phrase (v. 21) after verses 19 and 20.

## Other websites

- Those are the High Flying Claims
- Story of the Cranes or "Satanic Verses"
- The Satanic Verses in Qur'an
National Democrats (Sweden)

**National Democrats** () is a minor political party in Sweden. It was formed in October 2001. The chairman of the party is Marc Abramsson.

## Other websites

- Nationaldemokraterna  – official website
Broad Green

**Broad Green** is a small area with a lot of houses at the centre of West Croydon in the London Borough of Croydon, England. The area is mostly filled with a triangle-shaped green space which includes stores and large houses. The green was built at the end of the 19th century. Most of West Croydon is in an electoral ward called "Broad Green", hence Broad Green library is some distance from the traditional Broad Green area. Parts of West Thornton and Selhurst wards are also in West Croydon.
West Croydon

**West Croydon** might refer to:

- West Croydon, South Australia, a suburb of Adelaide
- West Croydon railway station, Adelaide, South Australia
- West Croydon station, Croydon, England
Chris Moyles

**Chris Moyles** (born 22 February 1974 in Leeds) is a British radio and television presenter. He presents a breakfast radio show on BBC Radio 1. His career in radio started at age 14, when he worked on a hospital radio. He worked at lots of different stations until he got a job at BBC Radio 1 in 1997. When he took over the Breakfast show from fellow DJ Sara Cox he quickly brought more listeners to the show. He won awards for his show.

Moyles wrote an autobiography called _The Gospel According to Chris Moyles: The Story of One Man and his Mouth_.
Libretto

A **libretto** is the text (the words) which are set to music to make an opera.  A libretto can also be the words for an oratorio, cantata, mass or a musical.  The person who writes the libretto is called a **librettist**.  The word “libretto” (plural: “libretti” or “librettos”) is an Italian word which means “little book”.

Sometimes a composer writes his own libretti, but usually a composer likes to have a librettist who can write the words for him so that he can set them to music.

Some libretti are original stories by the librettist, but very often they are based on a book by another writer.

In the 18th century Metastasio was a very famous librettist.  Many of his libretti were set several times by different composers. Another 18th century librettist was Lorenzo da Ponte, who wrote the libretti for three of Mozart's greatest operas, as well as for many other composers. In the 19th century Eugène Scribe wrote a very large number of libretti that were set to music by composers such as Meyerbeer, Auber, Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini and Verdi. Two French writers called Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy wrote many opera and operetta libretti for the composers Jacques Offenbach, Jules Massenet and Georges Bizet. Arrigo Boito, who wrote libretti for, among others, Giuseppe Verdi and Amilcare Ponchielli, composed two operas of his own.  Hugo von Hoffmansthal wrote libretti for Richard Strauss.

Wagner and Tippett are two composers who wrote their own libretti.

Usually a libretto is written before the music, but sometimes composers wrote some of the music first and then looked for words to go with it. Composers, such as Mikhail Glinka, Alexander Serov, Rimsky-Korsakov, Puccini, and Mascagni all did this sometimes.

Musicals usually have lyrics (the words for the songs), and a separate "book" (the spoken dialogue and the stage directions).  Sometimes these two are by different authors, e.g. the musical Fiddler on the Roof has a composer (Jerry Bock), a lyricist (Sheldon Harnick), and the writer of the "book" (Joseph Stein).
Toplessness

**Toplessness** (or being **topless**) is a state of a woman not wearing any clothing above the waist, meaning the breasts are visible. The term used for a man is **barechestedness** or **shirtlessness**.

Because the female breast is often associated with sexuality, some countries consider it all right for men to be topless in public, but not women. However many countries consider it usual for women to be topless, even due to the natural heat.

## Barechestedness

**Barechested** means not wearing a shirt. It usually refers to men.  It is very common in many societies and is also very common in sports, for a number of reasons.  Some reasons include ease of movement and cooling.  It is also common to go shirtless while working/doing labor. Before computerization of vehicles, it was common for young men to work on cars and trucks without a shirt.

## Related pages

- Topfreedom
Westminster Cathedral

**Westminster Cathedral** in London, England, is a Roman Catholic cathedral. It is the mother church of the Roman Catholic community in England and Wales and the Metropolitan Church and Cathedral for the Archbishop of Westminster.

The cathedral is near Victoria in the City of Westminster. It is the largest Roman Catholic church in England and Wales. It should not be confused with Westminster Abbey.

The cathedral was opened in 1903. It was designed by John Francis Bentley and is in the style of Byzantine church architecture. The nave is the widest of any church in England. The sanctuary is higher than the nave, so that the altar can be seen from any part of the nave. A very large crucifix hangs from the chancel arch. The Archiepiscopal Throne or cathedra, of marble and mosaic, is modelled on the Papal Throne at the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. There are beautiful marble pillars which are all carved differently. In the crypt there are monuments to famous people.

Westminster Cathedral has a famous choir. The first Master of Music (choirmaster) was Sir Richard Runciman Terry. Since 2000, the Master of Music has been Martin Baker. Mass is sung every day.

The choir are famous for singing Gregorian chant and polyphony of the Renaissance. Composers such as Benjamin Britten and Ralph Vaughan Williams have written music for the choir.

All the boys of the Choir are boarders at the nearby Westminster Cathedral Choir School.

The organ is very large. It is in the west gallery (above the entrance). It was built by the organ builder Henry Willis III from 1922 to 1932. One of Louis Vierne's best-known organ pieces, "Carillon de Westminster," was composed for it and dedicated to the builder.

On 28 May 1982, the first day of his six-day visit to the United Kingdom, Pope John Paul II celebrated Mass in the cathedral.

In 1995, Cardinal Basil Hume invited HM The Queen. This was the first visit of a reigning monarch of the United Kingdom to a Catholic liturgy since 1688 when James II & VII was king.

## Other websites

- Westminster Cathedral official site
Cachoeira do Sul

**Cachoeira do Sul** is a Brazilian city of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population is 89,669 and has an area of 3.765 km².
Mode (statistics)

In statistics, the **mode** of a set of data is the one that occurs most,  Very often, samples of data are collected. These might be measurements of some kind. In this context, the mode is the value that occurs most often. Unlike the median and the mean, the mode is not necessarily unique. There might be several different values that occur the same number of times.
SSC Napoli

**S.S.C. Napoli** () is an Italian football club. The club plays in Serie A. Its home stadium is the Stadio Diego Armando Maradona in Naples, Italy. They team plays in light blue shirts, white shorts and light blue socks as uniforms.

## History

The club was formed in 1926 and it was in most of its history in Serie A. It was Diego Armando Maradona who put Napoli on the world soccer map, leading them to scudettos in 1987 and 1990 and the UEFA Cup in 1989. They also won other two scudettos in 2023 and 2025, the Coppa Italia in 1962, 1976, 1987, 2012, 2014 and 2020, three Supercoppa Italiana in 1990, 2014 and 2025, a Cup of the Alps in 1966 and an Anglo-Italian League Cup in 1976.

Napoli dropped to Serie B in 2001. With a debt of about 70 million euros, the club went bankrupt in August 2004. A new club, **Napoli Soccer**, was born. Napoli Soccer was renamed **Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli** in early 2006.

## Honours

- Serie A : 4
    - 1986/87, 1989/90, 2022/23, 2024/25
- Coppa Italia : 6
    - 1962, 1976, 1987, 2012, 2014, 2020
- Supercoppa Italiana : 3
    - 1990, 2014, 2025
- UEFA Cup : 1
    - 1989
- Cup of the Alps : 1
    - 1966
- Anglo-Italian League Cup : 1
    - 1976
- Thomas Lipton Trophy : 3
    - 1909, 1911, 1914

## League position

|Season|League|Position|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2010/11|Serie A|3rd|
|2011/12|Serie A|5th|
|2012/13|Serie A|2nd|
|2013/14|Serie A|3rd|
|2014/15|Serie A|5th|
|2015/16|Serie A|2nd|
|2016/17|Serie A|3rd|
|2017/18|Serie A|2nd|
|2018/19|Serie A|2nd|
|2019/20|Serie A|7th|
|2020/21|Serie A|5th|
|2021/22|Serie A|3rd|
|2022/23|Serie A|1st|
|2023/24|Serie A|10th|
|2024/25|Serie A|1st|

## Notable Players

These are players who once played for Napoli and players who still do.

## Other websites

- SSC Napoli
- Serie A

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: S.S.C. Napoli
- **image**: SSC Napoli 2025 (white and azure).svg
- **upright**: 0.85
- **fullname**: Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli SpA
- **founded**: 1926
- **ground**: Stadio Diego Armando Maradona
- **capacity**: 54,726
- **chairman**: Aurelio De Laurentiis
- **manager**: Antonio Conte
- **league**: Serie A
- **season**: 2024/25
- **position**: Serie A, 1st
- **pattern la1**: _napoli2526h
- **pattern b1**: _napoli2526h
- **pattern ra1**: _napoli2526h
- **pattern sh1**: _shorts
- **pattern so1**: _socks
- **leftarm1**: 0F8ACC
- **body1**: 0F8ACC
- **rightarm1**: 0F8ACC
- **shorts1**: FFFFFF
- **socks1**: 0F8ACC
- **pattern la2**: _napoli2526a
- **pattern b2**: _napoli2526a
- **pattern ra2**: _napoli2526a
- **pattern sh2**: _shorts
- **pattern so2**: _socks
- **leftarm2**: eae2df
- **body2**: eae2df
- **rightarm2**: eae2df
- **shorts2**: eae2df
- **socks2**: eae2df
- **pattern la3**: _napoli2526t
- **pattern b3**: _napoli2526t
- **pattern ra3**: _napoli2526t
- **pattern sh3**: _shorts
- **pattern so3**: _socks
- **leftarm3**: 291e1e
- **body3**: 291e1e
- **rightarm3**: 291e1e
- **shorts3**: 291e1e
- **socks3**: 291e1e
At War with Satan

***At War with Satan*** is the third album by English black metal band Venom. It was released on 16 April 1984.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: At War with Satan
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Venom (band), Venom
- **released**: 16 April 1984
- **genre**: Black metal
- **length**: 39:45
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Neat Records, Neat
- **producer**: Venom
- **prev title**: Black Metal (album), Black Metal
- **prev year**: 1982
- **next title**: Possessed (Venom album), Possessed
- **next year**: 1985
Antichrist

In Christian beliefs, the **Antichrist** or **Anti-christ** (_anti_ means opposite; _christ_ means messiah) is used to speak about a person or image that implies evil, and more than one person. It is also said that antichrist is the devil himself.

The Biblical Book of Revelation refers to two "Beasts". One of them is often identified as the Antichrist, the counter-messiah of the devil.

## Related pages

- 666 (number)
Baker

A **baker** is somebody who makes bread. Some bakers also make cakes and desserts, but a traditional baker only makes bread. The place where a baker works is called a bakehouse or a bakery.

The ancient Egyptians made the first-ever bread in 8000 BC. In the Middle Ages, most landlords had a bakery. They had a public oven, and housewives brought the dough to the baker to cook.

Bread is now much sweeter than it was in the Middle Ages because a lot of corn syrup or honey is used.
Statistical hypothesis test

A **statistical hypothesis test** is a method used in statistics. It helps you describe the results you get from an experiment. The hypothesis test tells you the likelihood that a specific result would happen by chance.

Statistical hypothesis tests answer the question: _Assuming that the null hypothesis is true, what is the probability of getting a value which is at least as extreme as the value that was actually observed?_.

So, for example, if the result would only happen by chance 5% of the time, then the experimental hypothesis is supported to the 95% level.
Luxembourg City

The city of **Luxembourg** (, , German: _Luxemburg_), also known as **Luxembourg City** (, , German: _Stadt Luxemburg_), is a commune with city status, and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

The city is at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers in southern Luxembourg. In the city is found the Luxembourg Castle, built by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages, around which a settlement developed.

## History

During the Roman period, two main roads crossed the territory of the present city of Luxembourg; these two roads met at the place _Marché-aux-Poissons_ (now a street and a neighborhood) dominated by a fortified tower. A castle was built here called _Lucilinburhuc_ ("small castle"). In 963, this place became a property of Siegfried I, a close relative of the Emperors of Germany and Kings of France. Siegfried built a castle, not far from the "Lucilinburhuc" castle, on a rocky cliff called the _Bock_ (). This place is now considered the birthplace of the city, the country and the nation.

In 1994 UNESCO named the Old Quarters and Fortifications a World Heritage Site.

## Geography

The city of Luxembourg has an area of , about 2% of the territory of the whole country. The altitude varies between  high (Beggen, Bastogne street) and  high (Dommeldange); it is  high at the centre of the city.

Luxembourg's climate is on the boundary of oceanic (_Cfb_ in the Koeppen climate classification) and humid continental (_Dfb_) climates.

## Population

, there are 136,208 persons living in the _commune_, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

## Twin cities

- Camden, United Kingdom, since 2007
- Metz, France,
- Tambov, Russia, since 2012
- Prague, Czech Republic, since 2012

## Other websites

- Ville de Luxembourg - Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Luxembourg
- **other name**: Luxembourg / Lëtzebuerg / Luxemburg
- **image skyline**: Ville-Haute vue du Fort Verlorenkost (cropped).jpg
- **image caption**: Old Town of Luxembourg City
- **image shield**: Blason ville lu Luxembourg-ville.svg
- **shield size**: 90px
- **image map**: Map Luxembourg.PNG
- **map caption**: Map showing, in orange, Luxembourg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Luxembourg
- **subdivision type1**: Districts of Luxembourg, District
- **subdivision name1**: Luxembourg (district), Luxembourg
- **subdivision type2**: Cantons of Luxembourg, Canton
- **subdivision name2**: Luxembourg (canton), Luxembourg
- **subdivision type3**: Communes of Luxembourg, Commune
- **subdivision name3**: Luxembourg
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Lydie Polfer (Democratic Party (Luxembourg), DP)
- **area total km2**: 51.7
- **population as of**: 2025
- **population total**: 136208
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **elevation max m**: 408
- **elevation min m**: 232
- **blank name**: Local administrative unit, LAU2
- **blank info**: LU00011001
- **website**: [http://www.vdl.lu/ Official website]
Vacuum cleaner

A **vacuum cleaner**, also spelled "**vacuum-cleaner**", is a device that cleans dust and dirt from floors. Sometimes it is just called a _vacuum._ The word _vacuum_ comes from the fact that it uses the force of a vacuum to suck dirt into a large chamber from which it can be dumped into the garbage.

In the 1920s, an Ohio janitor named James Murray Spangler created a carpet sweeping contraption out of a soap box, a broom handle, a pillowcase, and an electric motor. He then began to sell his machine to local housewives. The first plastic vacuum cleaner was produced in the 1930s, and the precursor to modern central vac systems was created in 1952 by the Hoover Company, whose name was now synonymous with “vacuuming”. By the 1960s, vacuum cleaners were much more lightweight and easy to use.

There are several types of vacuum cleaners:
- Upright vacuum cleaners
- Canister vacuum cleaners
- Robot vacuum cleaners
- Handheld vacuum cleaners
- Car vacuum cleaners
- Carpet cleaners
TV Tokyo

**TV Tokyo** is a Japanese television station in Tokyo, Japan. It is also known as "Teleto," a portmanteau of "terebi," the Japanese word for "television," and "Tokyo." Its main owner is Nihon Keizai Shimbun. It was founded in 1951. TV Tokyo is the smallest of the major Tokyo television networks.

## Other websites

- –
    - Corporate Information –
- –
Drawer

A **drawer** is a piece of furniture for storage. They are usually very short and wide and are part of a chest of drawers, where lots of drawers are stacked. Most have handles or knobs so they can be pulled out.
Chest of drawers

A **chest of drawers** (also called a **dresser**) is a piece of furniture. It is made of lots of horizontal drawers. Chests of drawers are usually used for storing clothing, such as underwear and socks.