juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Uniform Resource Locator

**Uniform Resource Locator** (**URL**) is another name for a web address. URLs are made of letters, numbers and other symbols in a standard form. People use them on computers, to make the computer fetch and show some specific resource (usually a web page) from another computer (web server) on the Internet. They do this by typing the URL into a web browser, or more often clicking a link, for example one on a web page that they are already seeing.

URLs consist of several parts:
- A protocol. Very often, this is the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- Some separation characters: ://
- The other computer's name or address. It is very common for names to start with _www._ (which stands for _World Wide Web_), but the entire name is up to that computer's administrator.

In some cases, the URL may also contain
- The path to a document or script.
- In the case of a script, additional parameters after a question mark (?)
- Username and password needed to access a certain page
- Some text after a pound sign (#), naming a spot to skip ahead to.

The URL of this page is
- _https_ is the protocol
- _simple.wikipedia.org_ is the web site
- _/w/index.php_ is a script. That script gets parameters, _title=Uniform_Resource_Locator_

A shorter form, called a ("relative") URL, is used when a computer could correctly fill in the full ("absolute") URL from context. For example, of  only works for a link on Wikipedia to this page on Wikipedia. Absolute URLs can be shared outside of computers, even with little or no explanation.

## Extensions

These are at the end of the domain name which has a period mark before it. At first there were six main extensions:
- .com - Commercial use
- .net - network / Internet service provider use
- .org - Organizational use
- .edu - Educational use (Schools and universities)
- .mil - Military use
- .gov - Governmental use

Today, there are many other URL extensions. These are usually either a top level domain or interest grouping. Each country has its own top level domain, for example, .ca for Canada, .us for the United States of America or .co.uk for the United Kingdom. Many countries have a government-only extension, for example the United States uses .gov or .fed.us, .gc.ca for Canada and .gov.uk for the United Kingdom. Interest group domains would include .tv (television), .pro (professionals) and .xxx (pornography). These are not used as often as the original extensions.
Cuckoo clock

A **cuckoo-in-the-clock**, also known as a **cuckoo clock**, is a kind of clock. Cuckoo clocks have a case made of wood that looks like a small house. It gets its name because at the start of every hour, a small door on the clock open up and a little wooden bird comes out. The clock then makes a noise which sounds like a bird call ( "Koo-Koo" or "cuckoo").

The clock makes the sound one time for each hour it is, and there may also be a bell that rings when the sound is made. Whether it is morning or night does not change the number of times this happens.

For example:
- 1 o'clock in the afternoon = 1 "cuckoo"
- 8 o'clock in the morning = 8 "cuckoos"
- 8 o'clock at night = 8 "cuckoos"

Like many other clocks, cuckoo clocks can work using weights, springs, or electricity. Every clock is different, both in how it looks, how it works, and what it does. The sound of the "cuckoo" usually comes from bellows in mechanical clocks, or from a speaker in electric clocks. The clock may do more than just make this sound; some clocks also have figures that move around as music is played.

Cuckoo clocks are some of the best-known clocks that are made in the Black Forest, an area of south-western Germany and northern Switzerland.
Köbes

A **Köbes** (pronounced like 'kur-bess') is a waiter in traditional pubs in the Rhineland part of Germany, especially in Cologne, Düsseldorf and Krefeld.

A Köbes wears a blue apron and blue jacket and has a big leather belt with a leather purse. He serves beer and food to guests and replaces empty beer glasses with full ones until the customer either places a beermat on his glass to signal that he does not want any more, or until the customer asks to pay.

The word _Köbes_ comes from the name Jakob in a local dialect.

## Books

- Michael Scuffil: _Drink doch ene mit! Der kölsche Köbes_, published by _Verlag Emons_ in Cologne, Edition 1, April 2007, 47 pages, in five languages, hardbound,
Stop-motion

**Stop motion** is a popular way of animation which makes it look like still objects are moving. Clay animation is also an example of how stop motion is used.

Stop-motion requires any camera that can make single frames (or photos). It works by shooting a single frame, moving the object a little bit, and capturing a frame again. Cartoons use a similar way; one of the main differences is that stop motion uses real objects instead of drawn.

Stop-motion is also popular among children as it is an easy technique to do, as many children currently have mobile devices.

Tim Burton, Will Vinton and the Aardman studio have used this method in their productions.

## Related pages

- Clay
D.C. United

**D.C. United** is a Major League Soccer league soccer (or football) team that plays in Washington, D.C. in the United States.  Its nickname is "the Black-and-Red".

The club operates the D.C. United Academy, a youth academy to help develop young soccer players.

## League title

- Major League Soccer : 4
    - 1996, 1997, 1999, 2004

## League position

|Season|League|Position|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1996|Major League Soccer|Champions|
|1997|Major League Soccer|Champions|
|1998|Major League Soccer|Final|
|1999|Major League Soccer|Champions|
|2000|Major League Soccer|4th / East|
|2001|Major League Soccer|4th / East|
|2002|Major League Soccer|5th / East|
|2003|Major League Soccer|Quarterfinals|
|2004|Major League Soccer|Champions|
|2005|Major League Soccer|Quarterfinals|
|2006|Major League Soccer|Semifinals|
|2007|Major League Soccer|Quarterfinals|
|2008|Major League Soccer|6th / East|

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: D.C. United
- **upright**: 0.8
- **fullname**: D.C. United
- **nickname**: Black-and-Red
- **stadium**: Audi Field
Washington, D.C.
- **capacity**: 20,000
- **owntitle**: Owner
- **chrtitle**: Co–chairmen
- **chairman**: Jason Levien
 Stephen Kaplan
- **mgrtitle**: Head coach
- **manager**: Ben Olsen
- **league**: Major League Soccer
- **season**: 2018 Major League Soccer season, 2018
- **position**: Eastern Conference: 4th
Overall: 9th
Playoffs: Knockout round
- **website**: http://www.dcunited.com
- **american**: true
- **current**: 2021 D.C. United season
- **pattern la1**: _dcunited20h
- **pattern b1**: _dcunited20h
- **pattern ra1**: _dcunited20h
- **pattern so1**: _dcunited20h
- **leftarm1**: 000000
- **body1**: 000000
- **rightarm1**: 000000
- **shorts1**: FF0000
- **socks1**: 000000
- **pattern la2**: _dcunited21a
- **pattern b2**: _dcunited21a
- **pattern ra2**: _dcunited21a
- **pattern sh2**: _adidasshortwhite
- **pattern so2**: _color_3_stripes_on_white
- **leftarm2**: e2e2e2
- **body2**: e2e2e2
- **rightarm2**: e2e2e2
- **shorts2**: 101A4A
- **socks2**: 101A4A
Wendy Carlos

**Wendy Carlos** is an American composer and musician. She was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. She is known as one of the first people to use electric instruments to make music. In 1968, she released her music album "Switched on Bach". This album used many new electric instruments including the Moog Synthesizer. It won three Grammy Awards. She also did the music for movies. These include _A Clockwork Orange_, _The Shining_, and _Tron_. In 1972, Carlos had a medical operation to change her body from male to female.
Boolean algebra

In mathematics, **Boolean algebra** is an algebra for binary digits (where 0 means false and 1 means true). It is equipped with three operators: conjunction (AND), disjunction (OR) and negation (NOT). It uses normal math symbols, but it does not work in the same way. It is named for George Boole, who invented it in the middle 19th century. Boolean algebra did not get much attention except from mathematicians until the 20th century, when engineers began using it for logic gates.

## NOT gate

|NOT||
| --- | --- |
|**0**|1|
|**1**|0|

The NOT operator is written with a bar over numbers or letters like this:

It means that the output is _not_ the input.

## AND gate

|AND|0|1|
| --- | --- | --- |
|**0**|0|0|
|**1**|0|1|

The AND operator is written as  like this:

The output is true if and only if one and the other input is true.

## OR gate

|OR|0|1|
| --- | --- | --- |
|**0**|0|1|
|**1**|1|1|

The OR operator is written as  like this:

If one or the other input is true, then the output to be true (and false otherwise).

## XOR gate

|XOR|0|1|
| --- | --- | --- |
|**0**|0|1|
|**1**|1|0|

XOR basically means "exclusive or", meaning one input or the other must be true, but not both.

The XOR operator is written as  like this:

In other words, the XOR operator returns true precisely when one or the other input is true—but not both.

## Identities

Different gates can be put together in different orders:

- is the same as an AND then a NOT. This is called a NAND gate.

It is not the same as a NOT then an AND:

which is called _AND identity table_

|rowspan="1"|AND|width="1"|1|rowspan="1"|0|rowspan="1"|Any|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left" rowspan="1"|1|TRUE|0|0||||
|align="left" rowspan="1"|0|0|0|||||
|align="center" rowspan="1"|Any|0||||||
, if
.

or if ~~=TRUE, TRUE~~.,

## De Morgan's laws

Augustus De Morgan discovered that it is possible to preserve the truth values of Boolean expressions by changing a  sign to a  sign, while making or breaking a bar. That is:

These findings are commonly known as De Morgan's laws.

## Related pages

- Abstract algebra
- Boolean data type
- Boolean satisfiability problem
- Fuzzy logic
- Propositional logic

## Other websites

- Boolean algebra on All About Circuits
- Boolean algebra Citizendium
Justin Timberlake

**Justin Randall Timberlake** (born January 31, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, actor and dancer. Known as the **Prince of Pop**, he is one of the greatest pop stars of the 21st century. Timberlake first became famous when he appeared in the television series _Mickey Mouse Club._ He later became part of the Grammy Award-winning boy band NSYNC. He started his own career as a solo musician in 2002. As a solo he sold 90 Million albums with 4 albums and with NSYNC nearly 80 Million with 3 albums.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **origin**: Shelby Forest, Tennessee, Shelby Forest, Tennessee, US
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **background**: solo_singer


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Justin Timberlake
- **image**: Justin Timberlake by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg
- **caption**: Timberlake in 2016
- **birth name**: Justin Randall Timberlake
- **birth place**: Memphis, Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, US
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **children**: 2
- **signature**: Justin Timberlake Signature.svg
- **url**: [http://www.justintimberlake.com/ www.justintimberlake.com]
Population density

The **population density** of a country or city or other place is a number showing how crowded that place is. It is got by dividing the population by the area. For example, France has a population of 60,561,200, and an area of 551,695 square kilometres, so its population density is about 109.8 persons per square kilometre.

A number of factors affect population density, such as the climate. Greenland has a very low population density because people cannot live on its large glacier (ice sheet) or survive in such frigid temperatures.

Many cities are near rivers, because the first settlers wanted somewhere close to water to start a society. Areas around rivers often have a high population density.

The population density of New York City is 10,292 persons per square kilometre. Other places, such as large countries, can have very low population densities. The population density of Canada is only 3.8 persons per square kilometre because it is such a big country.

The country with the highest population density in the world is Monaco, with 16,620 persons per square kilometre. The country with the lowest is Greenland, which has only 0.03 persons per square kilometre.

## Related pages

- Population growth
- Overpopulation
Joey

**Joey** has the following meanings:
- Joey is a common nickname for Joseph, Joe, Joanne, Joan, or Jo.
- A joey (marsupial) is a baby kangaroo, or a baby of other marsupials (animals that are like kangaroos).
- _Joey_ is a television sitcom (a comedy set in a situation) starring Matt LeBlanc as Joey tribbani his character from _Friends_.
Saturday Night Fever

***Saturday Night Fever*** is a 1977 American drama movie. It stars John Travolta as a 19 year old working-class Italian American man named Tony Manero. Manero lives with his parents and works in a dead-end job at a small hardware store. He tries to escape his problem-filled life in Brooklyn by dancing at a nightclub in New York City. The soundtrack (an album that has disco songs that were heard in the movie) of the movie includes music by the Bee Gees and many other artists. Both the album and movie were very popular. There are two versions of the movie: the original R-rated version and the PG-rated version which came out a year later so the movie could be popular with younger people. A sequel called _Staying Alive_ was released in 1983 also starring John Travolta.
Greyhound

A **Greyhound** is a dog breed that is skinny, has long legs, and runs faster than any other breed of dog. It is one of the oldest breeds of dogs. For centuries, people have raced them in some parts of the world. Greyhound racing is a bit like horse racing in many ways. In recent years, many Greyhounds have been mistreated or killed especially after they get too old to race, but many animal rights rescue groups try to stop that and to help them be adopted by people to keep as pets.
Grand unification theory

**Grand unification theory** or **GUT** is a model that tries to describe the universe. It says that three forces - electromagnetic, weak and strong forces - were once combined into a single force. These are three of the fundamental four forces of nature, which are responsible for all of the pushes and pulls in the universe. If gravity is also combined with these forces, then the GUT will become the proposed Theory of Everything.

Because GUT models have more dimensions than currently known, there has not been a single GUT. Particle accelerators, like the Large Hadron Collider have been built to test these GUTs indirectly, as it is too complex to observe effects on particles without them.

GUT was first proposed by researchers from CERN in the 1970s. The discovery of the Higgs Boson and other such recent discoveries will get scientists closer to knowing which GUT is correct, and ultimately know the Theory of Everything. This theory was given by Pakistani scientist Abdus Salam, who shared the Noble Prize with Weinberg and Glashow for it in 1979.

There have been numerous failed attempts to form a Grand Unified Theory, and many scientists believe that it is impossible¹. Although the attempts have not been successful so far, we have gained invaluable insight and understanding through the endeavours to find the Grand Unified Theory. By Aditya.A.Malpani
Prejudice

**Prejudice** means preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.  The word comes from the Latin "pre" (before) and "judge".  People may prejudge any question, but the word is often used for an opinion about a person or group of people.  English understanding of the Latin has changed in past centuries.  In old English the word "prejudice" denotes the use of "good judgment" before an event, e.g., "I decided (showed prejudice) not to run with the bulls because I could have been hurt".

The word "prejudice" is often used when people dislike another group of people that are different from them. They may decide they do not like them because of their skin color (this is "racial prejudice"), religion (religious prejudice) or nationality. Such prejudices can lead to discrimination, hatred or even war.

Judges in a court of law should not be prejudiced when deciding whether someone is guilty. They should have an "open mind" so that they can make a fair decision (this is also known as not having a bias; most judges in a court of law have sworn to be unbiased when deciding a penalty). For example, if that person is the judge's friend then the judge would be prejudiced because he (or she) would not want his (or her) friend to get into trouble. In many other situations it is important not to be prejudiced, such as serving as an adjudicator in a competition or a juror in a trial.

Modern people sometimes use "prejudice" to mean "bigotry."  This leaves them with two words for one thing, and none for the other.

## Related pages

- Racism
- Bigotry
- Discrimination
- Bias
- Cognitive bias
- Conspiracy theory
- Social stigma
- Stereotype
Ferry

**Ferry** is a boat or ship that is used to take people, vehicles or goods across large bodies of water, such as seas, lakes, and rivers.

In many places around the world, ferries are very important for public transport. Some of these places can only be reached by ferry, because they have no roads or railways with bridge or tunnels that join them to nearby places, nor do they have any locations at which to land airplanes, whether it is an airport or only an airfield.

Sometimes the trip in a ferry is free and sometimes it must be paid for. Many ferries also carry cars, some even have own rail tracks, allowing the ferry to carry trains on board.

The word 'ferry' can also mean 'to take someone or something by ferry'.

The Herald of Free Enterprise disaster, in which 193 people died near Zeebrugge in 1987, was one of the worst ferry accidents of recent times. It was caused by a crew member forgetting to close the bow doors of the ferry.
Rapa

**Rapa** or **Oparo** is an island in French Polynesia. It is sometimes called Rapa Iti to distinguish it from Rapa Nui (Easter Island).

## History

The first European, who visited the island, was the captain George Vancouver. He visited the island in 1791. The island had an estimated population of about 2000 inhabitants. Four tribes inhabited the island. There were many tribal wars on the island.

The Rapan people were converted to Christianity in 1826, when six embassadors were sent from Tahiti. Soon after that some slaves were brought to Rapa. It caused an epidemy and in 1867 the island's population had declined to about 120. Since late 1800s, the island's population has steadily grown.

## Geography

The main village of Rapa is Haurei. Nearly all inhabitants of Rapa are living in Haurei. The Bay of Haurei, which is on the western end of the island, is named after the village. The bay's original name was, however, "Oparo" or "Paro". Smaller villages include 'Area.

Rapa's nearest inhabited neighbor island is more than five hundred kilometers away. Together with Marotiri and some smaller islets, Rapa forms the Bass Islands. Marotiri is 46 miles away from Rapa.

To the southeast is the uninhabited islet Motu Tauturu.

Many mountains are in Rapa. The highest of them is Mt. Perau (650 m). Rapa has a land area of forty km².

Rapa is 1240 kilometers away from Tahiti, the main island of French Polynesia.

## Demographics

Most inhabitants of Rapa are Polynesians. Polynesians are believed to inhabit the island in about 1000 BC.

Rapa has a population of 521 inhabitants (1996). Most of them are fishermen. The most spoken language of the island is Rapan. Most children and youth can also speak French.

Rapan is however an endangered language. It is sometimes considered to be a dialect of Tubuaian.

## Culture

The most common form of Rapan folk music is himene tarava. The band The Tahitian Choir is from Rapa and its songs are sung in the Rapan language.
Jo Whiley

**Johanne "Jo" Whiley** (born 4 July, 1965 in Northampton) is an English radio DJ on BBC Radio 1, and television presenter. She had a weekday lunchtime show, called _The Jo Whiley Show_ and later _The Lunchtime Social_. When Simon Mayo left Radio 1 for BBC Radio 5 Live in February 2001, Whiley's show was moved to mid-morning.

In July 2009, Whiley published her autobiography, _My World in Motion_, on CD from Random House Audiobooks.

## Infobox (presenter)

- **name**: Jo Whiley
- **image**: Jo Whiley2.jpg
- **birth name**: Johanne Whiley
- **birth place**: Northampton, England
- **show**: The Jo Whiley Show
- **station**: BBC Radio 2
- **timeslot**: 8:00pm–9:30pm (Mon–Thurs)
- **style**: Disc jockey
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **parents**: Martin and Christine Whiley
- **spouse(s)**: Steve Morton (1991–present)
- **children**: 4
- **web**: [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/jowhiley BBC Radio 1 minisite]
[http://www.myspace.com/jowhiley MySpace site]
Derry

**Derry,** officially **Londonderry**, () is the second largest city in Northern Ireland (after Belfast) and the fourth largest city on the island of Ireland (after Dublin, Belfast and Cork. The population as of 2021 was 85,279. The city was founded in 546 AD. It has old city walls which are still complete. The city is in County Londonderry, near the border with the Republic of Ireland's County Donegal.

## History

The city was originally called _Doire_ (pronounced _duhruh_) which is an Irish word for a group of oak trees. In English, this word became "Derry". After the Ulster Plantations, the London Companies gave money for the building of the port and walls in Derry.

In 1984 the city council changed the name of the local government area back to its original title of Derry but the city's official name is still Londonderry.

The city has long been subject to controversy over its name. Amongst the majority Catholic and Republican population of Northern Ireland, the city is referred to as Derry, truer to the original Irish word _Doire_ and aligned with the view of the Republic of Ireland, where traffic signs and popular opinion labels the city similarly. Amongst the majority Protestant and Loyalist population, the city is called Londonderry.

This disagreement over naming causes the title "Derry/Londonderry" to be used in cross-community instances, giving rise to the somewhat sarcastic nickname, "Stroke City".

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Derry
- **official name**: Londonderry
- **native name**: Doire
- **native name lang**: ga
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: Maiden City, Stroke City,
- **motto**: "Vita, Veritas, Victoria"
- **named for**: Derived from the Irish for "oak grove"
- **population urban**: 85,279
- **postal code**: BT47, BT48
- **founder**: Columba, St. Columba
- **established title**: First settled
- **established date**: 546 AD
- **established title1**: Royal charter, Chartered
- **established date1**: 1613
- **leader title**: Member of Parliament
- **leader name**: Colum Eastwood
- **leader party**: Social Democratic and Labour Party, SDLP
Point

**Point** can refer to:
- Point and counterpoint, meaning or purpose, especially in a discussion or dispute
- Point of order, a matter raised during a debate concerning the rules of debating themselves
- Point (geometry), an entity that has a location in space or a plane but no extent
- Point man, the lead soldier or vehicle in a patrol
- Basis point, 1/100th of one percent, denoted bp, bps, or ‱
- Point (typography), a measurement used in printing, the meaning of which has changed over time
- In typography, a dot character (e.g.: full stop, interpunct), decimal point)
- Point (coat color), fur coloration of the extremities, in animals
- Point (gemstone) (2 mg) or one-hundredth of a carat
- Point (mortgage), one percent of the loan amount
- Points, a railroad switch (British English)
- Points, contact breaker in an ignition system
- Point system, a system of demerits for driving offenses
- Taking point, being the lead element in a military formation
- Vowel points: niqqud for Hebrew language; harakat for Arabic
- Point Music, a record label
- Point (landform)
- Projectile point, a hafted archaeological artifact used as a knife or projectile tip
- Unit of length
- Le Point, a French weekly news magazine
- Point (album), a 2001 album by Cornelius

- Also see The Point

In **navigation**:
- Compass point, one of the 32 directions on a traditional compass
- Point, one eighth of a right angle (11.25 degrees).
- Points of sail, a sailing boat's course in relation to wind direction

**Places**:
- Point, Outer Hebrides, a district of the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland
- Points, West Virginia
- Palmer Trinity School, a high school in Palmetto Bay, Florida

In **sports** and **games**:
- Point, a unit of scoring in some sports and games
    - Point (basketball), units obtained by scoring baskets during a game
    - Point (tennis), the smallest unit of scoring in tennis
    - Point (ice hockey), a goal or assist a player earns during a game
- Point, a fielding position in cricket
- The point (ice hockey), the location of an ice hockey player
- Point guard, in basketball
Federal Reserve

The **Federal Reserve** (sometimes called "**The Fed**") is the American central bank in Washington, D.C.. It was founded in 1913. It lends money to other, smaller banks. The _Federal Reserve Board_ is a group of financial leaders who work for the Federal Reserve and decide how much to charge these banks for borrowing money (this charge is called an "interest rate"). The Federal Reserve interest rate is decided by the Federal Reserve Board after studying the condition of the U.S. economy.

When the economy is growing too fast, the Federal Reserve makes borrowing more expensive by increasing the interest rate, which means people and companies spend less, which discourages inflation. When economic growth slows, the interest rate is decreased so that borrowing will increase and there will be growth.

## Other websites

- Official website
Trent Reznor

**Michael Trent Reznor** (born May 17, 1965) is an American singer and musician. He is the creator of the band Nine Inch Nails. For a long time, he was the only member of Nine Inch Nails. That changed in 2016, when Atticus Ross became an official member of the band. He sings and plays most of the music himself. He also writes all of the lyrics.

Reznor started playing music when he learned the piano, which he started when he was five years old. He was so good he could maybe have become a pianist if he had wanted to. He also learned saxophone and tuba.

He joined his first band when he was in college, called Option 30. He moved to Cleveland, Ohio, USA in 1985 and joined a band called The Innocent where he played keyboard. In 1986 he joined another band, The Exotic Birds.

He got a job as a cleaner at a music recording studio called Right Track Studio which is now called Midtown Recording. He sometimes used the studio to record songs which later went on his first album _Pretty Hate Machine_. When the studio heard how good he was, he quit his job as a cleaner and made the band Nine Inch Nails. Their albums since then have been _Broken_ (1992), _The Downward Spiral_ (1994), _The Fragile_ (1999), _With Teeth_ (2005), _Year Zero_ (2007), _Ghosts I-IV_ (2008), _The Slip_ (2008), _ Hesitation Marks _(2013), and _Bad Witch_ (2018).
Terry Jacks

**Terry Jacks** (born March 29, 1944) is a Canadian musician. He was born and raised in Winnipeg. He now works as an environmental activist.

Jacks is most famous for his song "Seasons in the Sun". The song was ranked number one in multiple countries in 1974. It is one of the fewer than forty all-time singles to have sold 10 million copies worldwide.

## Studio albums

- _Seasons in the Sun_ (1974)
- _Y' Don't Fight the Sea_ (1975)
- _Pulse_ (1983)
- _Just Like That_ (1987)
- _Starfish on the Beach_ (2015)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Terry Jacks
- **image**: Terry Jacks 1974.JPG
- **caption**: Jacks in 1974
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Terrence Ross Jacks
- **birth place**: Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, Pop music, pop, soft rock
- **occupation**: Singer–songwriter
- **years active**: 1962–present
- **label**: Columbia Graphophone Company, Columbia, Goldfish, Bell Records, Bell, A&M Records, A&M
- **associated acts**: The Poppy Family
Sark

**Sark** is one of the Channel Islands. About 600 people live on Sark. Sark also has its own language called "Sercquiais". Only 400 people speak it. No cars are allowed on Sark. People must either walk, go on a bicycle, or go by horse and cart.

Their parliament is called the Chief Pleas.  It started in 1579.  It manages its own health, education and transport.

In 1993, the Barclay brothers bought the lease of the island of Brecqhou off the coast. They went to law to challenge the way the island was run. In 2007 they bought  four of the island’s six hotels, one of the two pubs and one side of the main shopping street. They invested a lot of money.
Robert Crumb

**Robert Crumb** (born August 30, 1943) is a famous American cartoonist and musician. He founded the underground comics movement in the 1960s and early 1970s. He is most famous for the album cover for Big Brother and the Holding Company's _Cheap Thrills_, the catchphrase "Keep on Truckin'" and _Fritz the Cat_, which was made into a movie without his approval. He also collects 78 rpm phonograph records and plays the mandolin. He was the subject of an award-winning documentary movie made in 1994 called _Crumb_.
Meryl Streep

**Meryl Streep** (born **Mary Louise Streep**; June 22, 1949) is an American actress. She has appeared in many movies, including _Falling in Love_, _The Bridges of Madison County_, and _The House of Spirits_. She was born in New Jersey. Streep is considered one of the best actresses of her time. She has won three Academy Awards and has been nominated for twenty-one in total. President Barack Obama awarded her the 2010 National Medal of Arts.

## Early life

Streep was born in Summit, New Jersey. Her mother, Mary Wolf (née Wilkinson; 1915–2001), was a commercial artist and an art editor, and her father, Harry William Streep, Jr. (1910–2003), was a pharmaceutical executive. She has two brothers, Dana David and Harry William III. Her patrilineal ancestry traces back to Loffenau, Germany, from where her second great-grandfather, Gottfried Streep, emigrated to the United States, and where one of her ancestors served as mayor. Another line of her father's family was from Giswil in the canton of  Obwalden, a small town in Switzerland. Her mother had English, German, and Irish ancestry. Some of Streep's maternal ancestors lived in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island, and were descended from 17th century immigrants from England. Her eighth great-grandfather, Lawrence Wilkinson, was one of the first Europeans to settle Rhode Island. Streep is also a distant relative of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, and records show that her family is among the first purchasers of land in the state. One of Streep's maternal great-grandmothers, Grace Strain, was from Creeslough, County Donegal, Ireland.

## Personal life

Streep is married to Don Gummer since September 30, 1978. They have four children, son Henry Wolf Gummer (born November 13, 1979) and daughters Mary Willa Gummer (born August 3, 1983), Grace Jane Gummer (born May 9, 1986), and Louisa Jacobson Gummer (born June 12, 1991).

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Meryl Streep - Berlin Berlinale 66 (24609057279) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Streep at the 2016 Berlinale
- **birth name**: Mary Louise Streep
- **birth place**: Summit, New Jersey, Summit, New Jersey, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Vassar College
Yale School of Drama
- **title**: Doctor of Fine Arts (honorary) of Princeton University
- **children**: Henry Wolfe Gummer
Mamie Gummer
Grace Gummer
Louisa Gummer
- **partner**: John Cazale
(1976–1978, his death)
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1975–present
Bench

A **bench** is a kind of chair, a place where people can sit.  Benches are long and often found outside, and more than one person can sit on them.  Benches are usually made of wood, metal, stone, and other synthetic things.  Many benches have no back.
Fahrenheit

**Fahrenheit** (more precisely, a **degree Fahrenheit**) is a unit of measurement that is used to measure temperature. The conversion rate to degrees Celsius is C= 5/9 x (F − 32).  The unit is abbreviated °F.

## History

This temperature scale was made in 1724 by a German scientist named Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit.  In the 20th century, the unit became less used, and the degree Celsius more used.  Fahrenheit is still often used in the United States. Fahrenheit is still used on some websites and on weather forecasts in the United Kingdom mainly since the older population is more familiar with it than with Celsius.

Fahrenheit is considered by many to be an old-fashioned and outdated way of measuring temperature and has been largely replaced with Celsius.

Overall, the use of Fahrenheit is in decline throughout most of the world, with the US being the main exception.

## Examples

- Water freezes at 32 °F and boils at 212 °F.
- Room temperature is about 70 °F.
- A human's body temperature is usually close to 98.6 °F.
- Absolute zero is –459.67 °F.

## Related pages

- Celsius
- Kelvin
- Rankine
- Delisle
- Newton (unit) (force)
- Réaumur
- Rømer

## Infobox (unit)

- **name**: Fahrenheit
- **image**: Conant_Vermont_Brass_Large_Dial_Outdoor_Thermometer.jpg
- **caption**: Thermometer with Fahrenheit and Celsius.
- **standard**: Imperial and US customary measurement systems, Imperial/US customary
- **quantity**: Temperature
- **symbol**: °F
- **namedafter**: Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
- **extraheader**: Conversions<tr class="nowrap"><td>_x °F in ..._</td><td>_... is equal to ..._</td></tr>
- **extralabel**: Celsius, °C
- **extradata**: °C
Agent

An **agent** is a person who acts on behalf of another person, or a representative of an agency.

- an FBI agent is an official representative of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
- literary agent, a person who represents a writer
- sports agent, a professional who represents an athlete
- talent agent, a person who finds jobs for actors, models, and other people in various entertainment businesses.
- travel agent, a person who helps plan a trip and buys airline tickets and makes hotel reservations.

**Agent** can also mean:

- a secret agent, a spy (espionage)
- a free agent, a sports player who is out of contract
- a realtor (US), or real estate agent (Brit.)

In **science**:

- Agent Orange, a herbicide
- biological agent, an infectious disease that can be used in biological warfare

In **fiction**:

- Agents, characters in _The Matrix_
- Secret Agent, a 1936 film
Anthrax

**Anthrax**, or **splenic fever**, is a disease. Both humans and other animals can get it. It is caused by the bacterium bacillus anthracis. It is common with even-toed ungulates (some hoofed creatures, like camels and giraffes). The spores of the bacteria can live for hundreds of years. Humans usually catch the disease from animals. It is usually not passed from one human to another.  Anthrax can be treated with antibiotics. There is also a vaccine against it. If not treated, anthrax often leads to death.

## Types of anthrax

There are 89 different strains (kinds) of anthrax. One of them, the Ames strain, was used against the United States in 2001 as a biological weapon.

### Outbreaks

On April 2, 1979, there was a leak at one of the plants just outside of Sverdlovsk that made anthrax during the Cold War. 94 people were infected and 64 of those people died. The USSR blamed the deaths on another strain of anthrax that the people caught by digesting infected meat. However, later it was revealed that the outbreak was caused by an accidental release of the bacteria from a nearby plant which developed biological weapons for the USSR.

In September 2001, several letters containing anthrax were mailed to several USA media companies and senators. The attacks were linked to the September 11 attacks which occurred a few days before the start of the attack.

#### Hoaxes

There were many cases of fake powder being found in envelopes.

## Infobox (disease)

- **name**: Anthrax
- **image**: Bacillus anthracis Gram.jpg
- **caption**: Photomicrograph of a Gram stain of the bacterium _Bacillus anthracis_, the cause of the anthrax disease
- **diseasesdb**: 1203
- **medlineplus**: 001325
- **emedicinesubj**: med
- **emedicinetopic**: 148
- **meshid**: D000881
Napoleon

**Napoleon Bonaparte** () was a French politician and army leader who ruled France from 1799 to 1814 and for a short period (the "Hundred Days") in 1815. He became Emperor of the French in 1804 as **Napoleon I**. He had power over most of Europe at the height of his power, and his actions shaped European politics in the 19th century.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Napoleon I
- **image**: File:Jacques-Louis David - The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries - Google Art Project 2.jpg
- **alt**: Full length portrait of Napoleon in his forties, in white and dark blue military dress uniform. He stands among rich 18th-century furniture. They have papers on them. He looks at the viewer. His hair is Brutus style, cropped close but with a short fringe in front. His right hand is in his waistcoat.
- **caption**: Emperor Napoleon in his study at the Tuileries, by Jacques-Louis David, 1812
- **succession**: Emperor of the French
- **reign**: 18 May 1804 – 11 April 1814
20 March 1815 – 22 June 1815
- **coronation**: 2 December 1804
- **full name**: Napoléon Bonaparte
- **predecessor**: French Consulate
<small>Himself as First Consul of the French First Republic.
Previous ruling monarch was Louis XVI of France, Louis XVI as King of the French (1791–1792)</small>
- **successor**: Louis XVIII of France, Louis XVIII (_de jure_ in 1814; as legitimism, legitimate monarch in 1815)
Napoleon II of France, Napoleon II (according to his father's will of 1815)
- **succession1**: King of Italy
- **reign1**: 17 March 1805 – 11 April 1814
- **coronation1**: 26 May 1805
- **predecessor1**: Himself <small>as President of the Italy, Italian Republic
Previous ruling monarch was Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor Charles V, crowned in Bologna in 1530</small>
- **successor1**: Kingdom disbanded
 <small>Next monarch crowned in Milan was Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor Ferdinand I, next king of Italy was Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy</small>
- **spouse**: Joséphine de Beauharnais
Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, Marie Louise of Austria
- **issue**: Napoleon II of France
- **house**: House of Bonaparte
- **father**: Carlo Buonaparte
- **mother**: Letizia Ramolino
- **birth place**: Ajaccio, Corsica
- **death place**: Longwood, Saint Helena, British Empire
- **burial place**: Les Invalides, Paris
Wetzlar

**Wetzlar** is a city at the river Lahn in Hesse in Germany. It is near Frankfurt. The number of people in the city is about 53,000.

Wetzlar is famous for the historic Oldtown and for Goethe.

The camera maker Leica is there.

Wetzlar has a connection to the Autobahn 45 with three junctions.

## Twin towns

Wetzlar is twinned with:
- Avignon, France
- Colchester, United Kingdom
- Siena, Italy
- Schladming, Austria
- Ilmenau, Thuringia
- Berlin-Neukölln, Berlin
- Písek, Czech Republic

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Wetzlar
- **art**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Wetzlarskyline.jpg
- **image caption**: The oldtown and the old Lahnbridge
- **wappen**: DEU Wetzlar COA.svg
- **lageplan**: Lahn-Dill-Kreis Wetzlar.png
- **bundesland**: Hesse
- **regierungsbezirk**: Gießen Government Region, Gießen
- **landkreis**: Lahn-Dill-Kreis Rural District, Lahn-Dill-Kreis
- **höhe**: 148-401
- **fläche**: 75.67
- **einwohner**: 52831
- **stand**: 2006-06-31
- **plz**: 35521 – 35586
- **vorwahl**: 06441
- **kfz**: LDK
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 06 5 32 023
- **gliederung**: 8 Quarter (country subdivision), quarters
- **bürgermeister**: Wolfram Dette
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **partei**: FDP
Andy Warhol

**Andy Warhol** (**Andrew Warhol, Jr.**; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was one of the most famous American artists of the latter half of the 20th century. Many people think that Warhol is the "bellwether of the art market".

Warhol was born **Andrew Warhola, Jr.** in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on August 6, 1928. He graduated from the Carnegie Institute of Technology before moving to New York City. His first big break was in August 1949 when he was asked to illustrate an article in Glamour Magazine. He dropped the 'a' from the end of his name when the credits read "Drawings by Andrew Warhol". Warhol was also famous for painting Campbells' and Watties' soup cans. He painted about 300 different paintings. He originally worked as a commercial artist. He designed things like advertisements and window displays for stores. He soon became famous as an artist in the Pop Art movement, in which everyday objects and media images were used. One of his most famous paintings is his colourful portrait of American movie star, Marilyn Monroe. After she died, he was deeply moved and wanted to create some sort of memorial.

In 1968, Warhol was shot by Valerie Solanas. He was known for his The Factory studio in New York City where most of his work was created.

In 1987, Warhol was in a hospital in New York City after an operation on his gallbladder. He died in his sleep from a sudden post-operative cardiac arrhythmia, aged 58. His family sued the hospital for inadequate care, saying that the arrhythmia was caused by improper care and water poisoning.

## Other websites

- Andy Warhol Print at Adam's Auctioneers
- Warhol Foundation in New York City
- Andy Warhol Collection in Pittsburgh
- Time Capsules: the Andy Warhol Collection
- Documentation of recent exhibitions of work by Andy Warhol
- The work of Andy Warhol  spoken about by David Cronenberg on UbuWeb
- Warhol in Paris —slideshow by _The First Post_
- Andy Warhol makes a digital painting of Debbie Harry at the Commodore Amiga product launch press conference in 1985
- Andy Warhol: A Documentary film by Ric Burns for PBS
Romulus and Remus

**Romulus and Remus** were the legendary founders of Rome. In Roman mythology they were twin brothers, children of Rhea Silvia and the god Mars.

## Birth and youth

Rhea Silvia was the daughter of Numitor Silvius, king of Alba Longa, a legendary town founded by Ascanius, son of Aeneas, prince of Troy. When Numitor's brother Amulius became king by force, he made Rhea Silvia a Vestal Virgin, so she would not have children who could be kings instead of him. But the god Mars seduced her and she had the twins Romulus and Remus. Rhea Silvia was punished, and her sons were thrown into the Tiber river as punishment, but were saved by the river god Tiberinus, who also saved Rhea Silvia and married her. Romulus and Remus were found by a she-wolf who suckled them. A woodpecker fed them. The twins were later found by a shepherd, Faustulus, who raised them. they were raised as shepherds, herding sheep, not knowing of their true bloodline. Over many years, the twins became natural leaders in their shared village. they eventually learned their past by a fight with Amulius, which saw Amulius killed in action. they had their grandfather Numitor reinstated as king.

## The Founding of Rome

Once they were grown, they led a band of young men to go build a city. Romulus and Remus would build the city of Rome. However, the twins and men argued about where to start in Rome. Romulus favored the Palatine Hill for defense in an attack, but Remus favored the Aventine Hill, which was better placed for easy trading of goods. They decided to settle the disagreement by asking the gods. Each brother stood on his respective hill and made religious offerings. Remus saw six vultures fly overhead, and Romulus saw twelve land on his hill. Vultures are a symbol of Mars, their father. Romulus said that twelve vultures came, However, Remus countered that he had seen the birds first. Romulus then said that the birds had landed on his hill, making a clear sign. Remus went over to his hill to check, and there were twelve vultures on Romulus's hill. Remus and his group argued, rejected, and went to his hill. Nonetheless, Romulus and his group started to build a wall around his city by digging a trench first for his wall to be built. Remus saw this and jumped over the trench as an insult to his brother. he fought Romulus through words about this trench. These words within minutes became a full-on hand to hand fight. Angered at his brother's words, Romulus killed Remus in the fight with a shovel. He was dismayed and he regretted his brother's death, so he took Remus's body to Amulius's old palace and buried him there.

## References

- "Romulus and Remus." Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11 August 2023.
Bell

A **bell** is a simple musical instrument. Most bells are made of metal. Many churches use bells to announce the time between hours. Ships usually carry a ship's bell. Alarm bells warn of danger. Some bells are in bell towers or  Carillon<nowiki/>s and some are in clock towers to tell people the time.
Transformers (toy line)

**Transformers** are robots that turn into other things.  Usually they turn into vehicles, like cars or jets.

Transformers started in 1984 as a toy line, but then an animated series and a comic book were made. In 1986 a movie came out. In 2002 a new series and story line called Transformers Armada came out. This was followed by two more shows, Energon and Cybertron.

Transformers is about different things sometimes.  Usually it is about the heroic Autobots fighting the evil Decepticons.  The Autobots are usually led by Optimus Prime.  The Decepticons are led by Megatron.

## Transformer universe

The **Dynasty of Primes** were the first seven Primes in Cybertronian history. They were on a quest to harvest Energon using the Star Harvester. In some documents of history, they were loosely known as "The Thirteen".

The origins of the transformers vary throughout the media. It is generally accepted that the original transformers, the 13 primes, were created by Primus, the god of the Transfomers, to stop Unicron, the dark god. However, in the original series, the Quintessons claim to have created the Transformers, though in modern lore they have been accepted to be lying.

## Other websites

- There is also another Transformers page on Wikipidia: Transformers
Simplicity

When something is **simple**, it is very easy to understand or to do. The opposite is _hard_ or _complex_ or _difficult_. **Simplicity** is the quality of being simple.

_Simple_ can mean something that is only made up of a few parts.  It lacks complexity.
- A bicycle is much simpler than a space ship.

_Simple_ can mean that something or someone is humble (lowly) or common:
- He lives very simply. "Simple living" is a way of life. It uses the ideas of Henry David Thoreau or Epicurus or Diogenes as its moral goals. Simple living says that a person needs only few and basic things to be happy.

_Simple_ can also be used to refer to someone whose mind thinks in a very simple way. Calling a person "simple minded" is usually rude.

## Related pages

- Simpleton
- Wikipedia:About
Watch glass

A **watch glass** is a piece of laboratory glassware used for temporary storage of solids and sometimes liquids (in small amounts).
Funnel

A **funnel** is an object with a wide top and a narrow tube at the bottom and this is used for pouring liquids into a container. A funnel is also a round metal chimney on top of a ship or train.

pl:Lejek (sprzęt laboratoryjny)