juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Voice (polyphony)

In music, **voice** refers to several melodic lines being sung or played at the same time.  These lines are called "voices", even if they are not being sung but being played on instruments.  Another word for the same thing is "part", but the word "part" can also mean a "section" of a piece, so it can be confusing.

The word "part" meaning "voice" is often used when describing polyphonic music.  For example: a 3-part fugue would have three "voices".  It might be sung by three people, or it might be played by three instruments, or just by one keyboard instrument playing all three parts.

## Related pages

- polyphony
- partsong
- fugue
Elf

An **elf** is a creature of various origins that is usually regarded as a good being that helps to make trees and nature good. It is therefore commonly associated with paganism and witchcraft (many modern witches today believe that elves are real creatures).

Elves are usually described as a taller human, but with more firmer touch to them. However, in _The Lord of the Rings_, elves were described as human sized (and if anything taller), hence changing the description of elves. They are sometimes known to have long, pointy ears.

In most modern fantasy scenarios, elves are one of the 3 main races (elves, dwarves, and humans), although if these 3 are described as the good races, they then become one of 6 races, including orcs, goblins, trolls, and / or giants.

The word _elf_ is found throughout the Germanic languages and seems originally to have meant "white being". Reconstructing the early concept of an elf depends largely on texts, written by Christians, in Old and Middle English, medieval German, and Old Norse. These associate elves variously with the gods of Norse mythology, with causing illness, with magic, and with beauty and seduction.

The elves of Norse mythology have survived into folklore mainly as females, living in hills and mounds of stones. The Swedish _älvor_ were stunningly beautiful girls who lived in the forest with an elven king.

The elves could be seen dancing over meadows, particularly at night and on misty mornings. They left a circle where they had danced, which were called _älvdanser_ (elf dances) or _älvringar_ (elf circles), and to urinate in one was thought to cause venereal diseases. Typically, elf circles were fairy rings consisting of a ring of small mushrooms, but there was also another kind of elf circle. In the words of the local historian Anne Marie Hellström:

- > ...on lake shores, where the forest met the lake, you could find elf circles. They were round places where the grass had been flattened like a floor. Elves had danced there. By Lake Tisnaren, I have seen one of those. It could be dangerous and one could become ill if one had trodden over such a place or if one destroyed anything there.

If a human watched the dance of the elves, he would discover that even though only a few hours seemed to have passed, many years had passed in the real world. Humans being invited or lured to the elf dance is a common motif transferred from older Scandinavian ballads.

Elves were not exclusively young and beautiful. In the Swedish folktale _Little Rosa and Long Leda_, an elvish woman (_älvakvinna_) arrives in the end and saves the heroine, Little Rose, on condition that the king's cattle no longer graze on her hill. She is described as a beautiful old woman and by her aspect people saw that she belonged to the _subterraneans_.

In Philippine folklore, there is a famous Red Elf named "Elfred from Cagayan de Oro".

## Related pages

- Christmas elf

## Other websites

encyc:elf
Sterling Morrison

**Holmes Sterling Morrison Jr.** (born August 28, 1942, died August 30, 1995) was an American musician (guitar), known as a founding member of the Velvet Underground.

Morrison met Lou Reed, who also played guitar, at college. They met again later in New York City, where Reed was collaborating with John Cale. Morrison joined Reed and Cale in jam sessions, and the three formed a band. The band gained the name "The Velvet Underground" when another college friend, Jim Tucker, brought them a book with that title. Tucker's sister Maureen became the band's drummer.

Morrison played lead guitar, and also rhythm and bass guitars, and sang backing vocals. When Doug Yule replaced John Cale, Morrison played lead guitar full-time. Yule sometimes pushed for the lead guitar role, and Morrison and Yule did not get along well.

Even though the Velvets were well known, their financial success was limited, and Morrison became unsure about the band's future. He quit college before the Velvets formed, with only a few credits to go, but went back to City College of New York during 1970. He completed his Bachelor's degree in English, while the band played Max's Kansas City, a restaurant and bar in New York.

After Lou Reed left the band late in 1970, Morrison continued to tour with them. He had sent his resumé to different schools, hoping to get a job as a teacher or professor. When the band visited Texas, he phoned Texas A&M University, and learned they wanted him for a teaching job. He quit the band, and taught college through the 1970s and 1980s.

Morrison later returned to New York, and became a tugboat captain. He reunited with the Velvets during the 1990s, playing shows with them in Europe and America. He became ill in 1995, saw a doctor, and found out he had lymphoma, a kind of cancer. He died only a few weeks later, and not long before the Velvet Underground were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sterling Morrison
- **img**: The Moe Tucker Band and Sterling Morrison (2).jpg
- **img capt**: Sterling Morrison in Augsburg, Germany (September 1992)
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Holmes Sterling Morrison Junior
- **birth place**: East Meadow, New York
- **death place**: Poughkeepsie (city), New York, Poughkeepsie, New York
- **instrument**: Guitar, bass guitar
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, experimental rock, protopunk, art rock
- **associated acts**: The Velvet Underground, Nico
Vanilla Twilight

"**Vanilla Twilight**" is the second single on the album _Ocean Eyes_ by electronica project Owl City. It was made into a music video that had several people in it, including Shaq, that look at a sunrise after a snow fall.
Feather Falls

**Feather Falls** is a waterfall found on the Fall River.  It is a tributary of the Middle Fork Feather River, in Plumas National Forest of Butte County, California.  The falls were often said to be over 640 feet tall, however, they recently measured to stand 410 feet tall, which is what the USGS Brush Creek 7 1/2" quadrangle says.  A town found nearby, Feather Falls, California, is named after this waterfall.

## Infobox (waterfall)

- **name**: Feather Falls
- **image**: Feather falls plumas national forest.jpg
- **caption**: Feather Falls
- **location**: Plumas National Forest, Butte County, California
- **type**: Plunge
- **number of drops**: 1
Feather Falls, California

**Feather Falls** is an unincorporated community in Butte County, California.  It is found in the countryside.  It lies at an elevation of 2982 feet (909 m).

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Feather Falls
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated community
- **pushpin map**: California
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in California
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: California
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name2**: Butte County, California, Butte County
- **elevation m**: 909
- **elevation ft**: 2982
Salween River

**Salween River** is a major river in Southeast Asia. It flows through parts of China, Thailand, and Burma for . The river begins in the Qinghai Mountains and flows west. Then it turns east and south, flowing into the Andaman Sea at Mawlamyaing, Burma.

## Related pages

- Mekong River

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Salween
- **name other**: Burmese language, Burmese: , _Thanlwin_ (

, _Mae Nam Salawin_ (
- **image**: Sweet_View_of_Salween_River_in_Tang_Yan_Township,_Shan_State,_Myanmar.jpg
- **image caption**: Salween River in Shan State, Myanmar
- **map**: Salween river basin map.png
- **map caption**: Map of the Salween River basin
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: China, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of China, Provinces (PRC)
- **subdivision name2**: Tibet Autonomous Region, Yunnan
- **subdivision type3**: States of Burma, States (Myanmar)
- **subdivision name3**: Shan State, Shan, Kayah State, Karenni (Kayah), Kayin State, Karen (Kayin), Mon State, Mon
- **subdivision type4**: Provinces of Thailand, Province (Thailand)
- **subdivision name4**: Mae Hong Son Province, Mae Hong Son
- **discharge1 location**: Andaman Sea
- **source1**: Tanggula Mountains
- **source1 location**: Nagqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, China
- **mouth**: Andaman Sea
- **mouth location**: Mawlamyaing, Burma
- **tributaries left**: Suo River, Ga River, Hka River, Hsim River, Pai River, Moei River, Gyaing River
- **tributaries right**: Ba River (China), Ba River, Leng River, Pang River, Teng River, Pawn River
Hugo Viana

**Hugo Miguel Ferreira Gomes Viana** (; born 15 January 1983) is a Portuguese retired professional footballer who played as a central midfielder. He is the current director of football of Sporting CP.

### Club

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="2"|League|colspan="2"|Cup|colspan="2"|Continental|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Sporting CP|2001–02|26|1|0|0|3|0|29|1|||
|rowspan="3"|Newcastle United|2002–03|23|2|0|0|8|1|31|2||
|2003–04|16|0|0|0|9|0|25|0||||
|Sporting CP (loan)|2004–05|32|6|0|0|10|2|42|6|||
|Valencia (loan)|2005–06|19|0|0|0|0|0|19|0|||
|rowspan="3"|Valencia|2006–07|24|2|0|0|7|0|31|2||
|2008–09|0|0|2|0|4|0|6|0||||
|Osasuna (loan)|2007–08|9|1|2|0|0|0|11|1|||
|Braga (loan)|2009–10|28|4|5|0|0|0|33|4|||
|rowspan="4"|Braga|2010–11|23|2|4|0|12|0|39|2||
|2011–12|27|2|6|3|10|0|43|5||||
|2012–13|28|7|5|2|8|0|41|9||||
|rowspan="3"|Al-Ahli|2013–14|24|3|9|0|6|0|39|3||
|2014–15|3|0|0|0|0|0|3|0||||
|rowspan="3"|Al-Wasl|2014–15|12|0|0|0|0|0|12|0||
|2015–16|25|2|7|0|0|0|32|2||||

### International

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="8"|Portugal|2001|1|0|
|2002|5|0|||
|2003|4|0|||
|2004|2|0|||
|2005|6|1|||
|2006|5|0|||
|2007|3|0|||
|2012|3|0|||

- _Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Viana goal._

|+ List of international goals scored by Hugo Viana

|}

## Honours

**Sporting CP**
- Primeira Liga: 2001–02
- Taça de Portugal: 2001–02
- UEFA Cup runner-up: 2004–05

**Braga**
- Taça da Liga: 2012–13
- UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2010–11

**Al Ahli**
- UAE Arabian Gulf League: 2013–14
- Arabian Gulf Super Cup: 2013
- UAE League Cup: 2014

**Orders**
- Medal of Merit, Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa (House of Braganza)
Haminu Draman

**Haminu Draman** (born 1 April 1986) is a Ghanaian former football player. He played for Lokomotiv Moscow and Ghana national team.

### Club career statistics

|-
|2005–06||Red Star Belgrade||Superliga||44||10

|-
|2006–07||Gençlerbirliği||Süper Lig||31||2

|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Lokomotiv Moscow||rowspan="2"|Premier League||32||3
|-
|2008||31||2
|-
|2009||Kuban Krasnodar||Premier League||27||3
44||10
31||2
63||5
165||20
|}

### National career statistics

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="6"|Ghana|2005|1|0|
|2006|12|2|||
|2007|4|0|||
|2008|14|1|||
|2009|7|1|||
|2010|5|0|||

- _Scores and results list Ghana's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Draman goal._

|scope="col"|No.|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Venue|scope="col"|Opponent|scope="col"|Score|scope="col"|Result|scope="col"|Competition|scope="col" class="unsortable"||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|22 June 2006|Frankenstadion, Nuremberg, Germany||1–0|2–1|2006 FIFA World Cup Group E||||||||||
|2|4 October 2006|Nissan Stadium, Yokohama, Japan||1–0|1–0|Friendly||||||||||
|3|9 February 2008|Baba Yara Stadium, Kumasi, Ghana||4–2|4–2|2008 Africa Cup of Nations||||||||||
|4|12 August 2009|Brisbane Road, London, England||4–1|4–1|Friendly||||||||||

## Honours

**Red Star Belgrade**
- First League of Serbia and Montenegro: 2005–06
- Serbia and Montenegro Cup: 2006

**Lokomotiv Moscow**
- Russian Cup: 2007

**Asante Kotoko**
- Ghana Premier League: 2013–14
- Ghanaian FA Cup: 2014

**Infonet**
- Meistriliiga: 2016

**Ghana**
- Africa Cup of Nations: 2010 (runner-up)
Saša Drakulić

**Saša Drakulić** (born 28 August 1972) is a Serbian football player. He plays for Proleter Novi Sad.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Saša Drakulić
- **fullname**: Saša Drakulić
- **birth place**: Vinkovci, SFR Yugoslavia
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **years1**: 1990–1993
- **years2**: 1993–1994
- **years3**: 1995–1998
- **years4**: 1998–1999
- **years5**: 2000
- **years6**: 2000
- **years7**: 2001–2003
- **years8**: 2004–2005
- **years9**: 2005
- **years10**: 2006
- **years11**: 2006–2007
- **years12**: 2007–2008
- **years13**: 2008–2010
- **years14**: 2010
- **years15**: 2010
- **clubs1**: FK Bačka Bačka Palanka, Bačka BP
- **clubs2**: Red Star Belgrade
- **clubs3**: Busan IPark, Busan Daewoo Royals
- **clubs4**: Suwon Samsung Bluewings
- **clubs5**: Kashiwa Reysol
- **clubs6**: → Suwon Samsung Bluewings (loan)
- **clubs7**: Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma
- **clubs8**: AEK Larnaca F.C., AEK Larnaca
- **clubs9**: FK Vojvodina, Vojvodina Novi Sad
- **clubs10**: → FK ČSK Pivara, ČSK Pivara (loan)
- **clubs11**: FK Mladost Apatin, Mladost Apatin
- **clubs12**: FK Vojvodina, Vojvodina Novi Sad
- **clubs13**: FK Proleter Novi Sad, Proleter Novi Sad
- **clubs14**: Mladost Apatin
- **clubs15**: Cement Beočin
- **caps1**: ?
- **goals1**: ?
- **caps2**: 11
- **goals2**: 2
- **caps3**: 57
- **goals3**: 16
- **caps4**: 44
- **goals4**: 26
- **caps5**: 2
- **goals5**: 0
- **caps6**: 14
- **goals6**: 5
- **caps7**: 90
- **goals7**: 27
- **caps8**: 6
- **goals8**: 1
- **caps9**: 1
- **goals9**: 0
- **caps10**: 17
- **goals10**: 14
- **caps11**: 24
- **goals11**: 7
- **caps12**: 7
- **goals12**: 3
- **caps13**: 20
- **goals13**: 14
- **caps14**: 5
- **goals14**: 2
- **club-update**: 12 December 2010
Alen Avdić

**Alen Avdić** (born 3 April 1977) is a Bosnia and Herzegovinan football player. He has played for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.

### Club

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="4"|Sarajevo|1995–96|rowspan="3"|Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina|0|0|
|1996–97|0|0|||||
|1997–98|0|0|||||
|Sakaryaspor|1998–99|1.Lig|2|0|||
|Cercle Brugge|1998–99|Second Division|19|3|||
|Sarajevo|1999–2000|Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina|0|0|||
|Chemnitzer FC|2000–01|2. Bundesliga|12|0|||
|rowspan="4"|Suwon Samsung Bluewings|2001|rowspan="3"|K-League|5|1|
|2002|3|0|||||
|2003|2|0|||||
|Avispa Fukuoka (loan)|2002|J2 League|24|10|||
|Liaoning (loan)|2004|Chinese Super League|16|7|||
|rowspan="3"|Sarajevo|2004–05|rowspan="2"|Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina|9|1|
|2005–06|12|8|||||
|rowspan="3"|Saba Qom F.C.|2006–07|rowspan="2"|Iran Pro League|19|6|
|2007–08|22|2|||||
|Bargh Shiraz|2008–09|Iran Pro League|15|1|||
|Sarajevo|2009–10|Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina|||||

### International

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Bosnia and Herzegovina|1999|3|0|

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Alen Avdić
- **birth place**: Sarajevo, SFR Yugoslavia
- **height**: 1.83 m
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **years1**: 1995–1998
- **years2**: 1998
- **years3**: 1998
- **years4**: 1998
- **years5**: 1999
- **years6**: 1999
- **years7**: 2000
- **years8**: 2001–2004
- **years9**: 2002
- **years11**: 2004
- **years13**: 2005–2006
- **years14**: 2006–2008
- **years15**: 2008–2009
- **years16**: 2009–2011
- **clubs1**: FK Sarajevo, Sarajevo
- **clubs2**: Sakaryaspor
- **clubs3**: FK Sarajevo, Sarajevo
- **clubs4**: Cercle Brugge K.S.V., Cercle Brugge
- **clubs5**: F.C. Denderleeuw, Denderleeuw
- **clubs6**: FK Sarajevo, Sarajevo
- **clubs7**: Chemnitzer FC
- **clubs8**: Suwon Samsung Bluewings, Suwon Bluewings
- **clubs9**: → Avispa Fukuoka (loan)
- **clubs11**: → Liaoning Whowin F.C., Liaoning Zhongyu (loan)
- **clubs13**: FK Sarajevo, Sarajevo
- **clubs14**: Saba Battery F.C., Saba Battery
- **clubs15**: Bargh Shiraz F.C., Bargh Shiraz
- **clubs16**: FK Sarajevo, Sarajevo
- **caps1**: 49
- **caps2**: 2
- **caps3**: 2
- **caps4**: 19
- **caps6**: 16
- **caps7**: 12
- **caps8**: 5
- **caps9**: 24
- **caps11**: 16
- **caps13**: 21
- **caps14**: 41
- **caps15**: 15
- **caps16**: 45
- **goals1**: 20
- **goals2**: 0
- **goals3**: 0
- **goals4**: 3
- **goals6**: 9
- **goals7**: 0
- **goals8**: 1
- **goals9**: 10
- **goals11**: 7
- **goals12**: 0
- **goals13**: 9
- **goals14**: 8
- **goals15**: 1
- **goals16**: 9
- **nationalyears1**: 1998–1999
- **nationalteam1**: Bosnia and Herzegovina national under-21 football team, Bosnia and Herzegovina U21
- **nationalcaps1**: 7
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
- **nationalyears2**: 1999
- **nationalteam2**: Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **nationalcaps2**: 3
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
Oleg Pashinin

**Oleg Pashinin** (born 12 September 1974) is a former Uzbekistani football player. He has played for Uzbekistan national team.

### Club

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="2"|National cup|colspan="2"|League cup|colspan="2"|Europe|colspan="2"|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="17"|Lokomotiv Moscow|1992|rowspan="6"|Top League|0|0|||||||0|0|
|1993|9|0|1|0|||||9|0|||||
|1994|11|0|||||||11|0|||||
|1995|14|0|1|0|||1|0|16|0|||||
|1996|11|0|1|0|||4|0|16|0|||||
|1997|15|0|2|0|||3|0|20|0|||||
|1998|rowspan="4"|Top Division|10|0|1|0|||2|0|13|0|||
|1999|25|1|1|0|||6|0|32|1|||||
|2000|11|0|3|0|||3|0|17|0|||||
|2001|1|0|1|0|||||2|0|||||
|2002|rowspan="6"|Premier League|23|0|||||9|0|32|0|||
|2003|19|0|1|0|||10|0|30|0|||||
|2004|13|0|4|0|||2|0|19|0|||||
|2005|18|1|1|0|||7|0|26|1|||||
|2006|20|0|2|0|||3|0|25|0|||||
|2007|3|0|||||||3|0|||||
|Sanfrecce Hiroshima (loan)|2001|J1 League|12|2|2|0|2|0|–|16|2||||

### International

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="5"|Uzbekistan|2001|5|0|
|2002|0|0|||
|2003|2|0|||
|2004|2|0|||
|2005|3|0|||

## Honours

**Lokomotiv Moscow**
- Russian Premier League: 2002, 2004
- Russian Cup: 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2007
- Russian Super Cup: 2003
- Commonwealth of Independent States Cup: 2005

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Oleg Pashinin
- **image**: Oleg Pashinin 2021.jpg
- **caption**: Pashinin working with Lokomotiv Moscow in 2021
- **birth place**: Degtyanka, Russian SFSR
- **height**: 1.85 m
- **position**: Centre-back
- **currentclub**: FC Lokomotiv Moscow, Lokomotiv Moscow (analyst)
- **years1**: 1992–2007
- **clubs1**: FC Lokomotiv Moscow
- **caps1**: 202
- **goals1**: 5
- **years2**: 2001
- **clubs2**: → Sanfrecce Hiroshima (loan)
- **caps2**: 12
- **goals2**: 2
- **nationalyears1**: 2001–2005
- **nationalteam1**: Uzbekistan national football team, Uzbekistan
- **nationalcaps1**: 12
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 2009
- **managerclubs1**: FC Lokomotiv-2 Moscow, Lokomotiv-2 Moscow (assistant)
- **manageryears2**: 2009–2011
- **managerclubs2**: FC Lokomotiv Moscow, Lokomotiv Moscow (conditioning)
- **manageryears3**: 2011–2013
- **managerclubs3**: FC Lokomotiv-2 Moscow, Lokomotiv-2 Moscow (assistant)
- **manageryears4**: 2014
- **managerclubs4**: FC Khimik Dzerzhinsk, Khimik Dzerzhinsk
- **manageryears5**: 2014–2022
- **managerclubs5**: FC Lokomotiv Moscow, Lokomotiv Moscow (assistant)
- **manageryears6**: 2016
- **managerclubs6**: FC Lokomotiv Moscow, Lokomotiv Moscow (caretaker)
- **manageryears7**: 2022–
- **managerclubs7**: FC Lokomotiv Moscow, Lokomotiv Moscow (analyst)
Škoda Fabia

The **Škoda Fabia** is a car produced by Škoda Auto in two generations since September 1999. It is (2025) in its third generation which launched in late 2014.

## First generation (1999–2007)

The first generation launched in September 1999 and launched in the UK in Spring 2000 with estate and saloon versions added in 2001 and got a facelift in 2004.

#### Petrol engines

- _1.0_ 37 kW (50 hp)
- _1.2 HTP_ 40 kW (54 hp) and 47 kW (64 hp)
- _1.4 MPI_ 44 kW (60 hp) and 50 kW (68 hp)
- _1.4 16V_ 55 kW (75 hp), 59 kW (80 hp) and 74 kW (101 hp)
- _2.0 MPI_ 85 kW (116 hp) and 88 kW (120 hp)

#### Diesel engines

- _1.4 TDI_ 51 kW (69 hp), 55 kW (75 hp) and 59 kW (80 hp)
- _1.9 SDI_ 47 kW (64 hp)
- _1.9 TDI_ 74 kW (101 hp)
- _1.9 TDI RS_ 96 kW (131 hp)

## Second generation (2007–2014)

The second generation model launched in Spring 2007 and continued with hatchback and estate models, the saloon was dropped due to poor sales, it was facelifted in 2010 and got a minor update in 2013. The car was launched in the UK with a memorable advert with the car made entirely of cake and used the song My Favourite Things from The Sound Of Music.

#### Petrol engines

- _1.2 HTP_ 44 kW (60 hp) and 51 kW (69 hp)
- _1.2 TSI_ 63 kW (86 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
- _1.4 16V_ 63 kW (86 hp)
- _1.4 TSI RS_ 132 kW (180 hp)
- _1.6 16V_ 77 kW (105 hp)

#### Diesel engines

- _1.2 TDI_ 55 kW (75 hp)
- _1.4 TDI_ 51 kW (69 hp) and 59 kW (80 hp)
- _1.6 TDI_ 55 kW (75 hp), 66 kW (90 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
- _1.9 TDI_ 77 kW (105 hp)

## Fourth generation (2021-present)

The Fabia IIII which will be unveiled in spring 2021 will be a little longer than the current generation. Based on the technical platform of the Volkswagen Polo and the Skoda Scala, it will have, according to Skoda, an additional 50 liters of trunk, bringing the capacity to a total of 380 liters, In its press release, Skoda also mentions the fact that the car will no longer be offered with gasoline powered mechanics. These will be paired with a manual gearbox or the 7-speed DSG dual-clutch transmission.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Škoda Fabia
- **image**: Škoda Fabia IV 1X7A7110 (cropped).jpg
- **manufacturer**: Škoda Auto
- **production**: Since 1999
- **class**: Supermini (B-segment, B)
- **predecessor**: Skoda Felicia, Škoda Felicia
Škoda Superb

**Škoda Superb** is a car produced by Škoda Auto from 2001 to the present day. The first generation was made from 2001 to 2008 and got a facelift in 2006, it was available as a saloon only. The second generation was made from 2008 to 2015 with a facelift in 2013, it was available as a hatchback or an estate from early 2010. It entered its third generation in 2015 and like its predecessor, it comes as a hatchback or an estate.
Škoda Octavia

The **Škoda Octavia** is a car produced by Škoda Auto in three generations since 1996. The first generation arrived in 1996 and launched in the UK in 1998 with a facelift in 2000. The second generation was launched in 2004 with a facelift in early 2009 but the first generation still continues until 2010. It entered its third generation in 2013 with a facelift in early 2017, it received some criticism for being a bit too big for some buyers. The fourth generation launched in June 2020.

#### Petrol engines

- _1.4_ 44 kW (60 hp)
- _1.4 16V_ 55 kW (75 hp)
- _1.6_ 55 kW (75 hp), 74 kW (101 hp) and 75 kW (102 hp)
- _1.8 20V_ 92 kW (125 hp)
- _1.8 20V Turbo_ 110 kW (150 hp)
- _1.8 20V Turbo RS_ 132 kW (180 hp)
- _2.0_ 85 kW (115 hp)

#### Diesel engines

- _1.9 SDI_ 50 kW (68 hp)
- _1.9 TDI_ 66 kW (90 hp), 74 kW (101 hp), 81 kW (110 hp) and 96 kW (131 hp)

#### Petrol engines

- _1.2 TSI_ 77 kW (105 hp)
- _1.4 16V_ 55 kW (75 hp) and 59 kW (80 hp)
- _1.4 TSI_ 90 kW (122 hp)
- _1.6 MPI_ 75 kW (102 hp)
- _1.6 FSI_ 85 kW (116 hp)
- _1.8 TSI_ 118 kW (160 hp)
- _2.0 FSI_ 110 kW (150 hp)
- _2.0 TSI RS_ 147 kW (200 hp)

#### Diesel engines

- _1.6 TDI_ 77 kW (105 hp)
- _1.9 TDI_ 77 kW (105 hp)
- _2.0 TDI_ 100 kW (136 hp) and 103 kW (140 hp)
- _2.0 TDI RS_ 125 kW (170 hp)
Volkswagen Vento

**Volkswagen Vento** was a car made by Volkswagen from 1992 through 1998. It is the European version of the Third Generation Volkswagen Jetta.

### Petrol engines

- _1.6_ 55 kW (75 hp) and 74 kW (100 hp)
- _1.8_ 55 kW (75 hp) and 66 kW (90 hp)
- _2.0_ 85 kW (115 hp)
- _2.8 VR6_ 128 kW (174 hp)

### Diesel engines

- _1.9 D_ 47 kW (64 hp)
- _1.9 SDI_ 47 kW (64 hp)
- _1.9 TD_ 55 kW (75 hp)
- _1.9 TDI_ 66 kW (90 hp) and 81 kW (110 hp)
Akmal Shaikh

**Akmal Shaikh** (5 April 1956 – 29 December 2009) was a British citizen, originally from Pakistan, who was executed in Urumqi, China, by lethal injection. Shaikh was the first EU national to be executed in China in 50 years. The father of five took heroin from a friend named "Okole" unknowingly to China in a suitcase on a plane. China defended its decision to put Shaikh to death and stated it had acted according to Chinese law.
John Coltrane

**John William "Trane" Coltrane** (September 23, 1926 – July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer.

Coltrane played the bebop and hard bop styles of jazz early in his career, and helped start the use of modes in jazz and later was a very important part of free jazz. He made about fifty recordings as a bandleader, and appeared on many other albums, for example with trumpeter Miles Davis and pianist Thelonious Monk. As his career progressed, Coltrane's music became more spiritual. He died of liver cancer. His second wife was pianist Alice Coltrane, and their son Ravi Coltrane is also a saxophonist.

He influenced many musicians, and is one of the most important tenor saxophonists in jazz history. He received many awards, including Special Citation from the Pulitzer Prize Board in 2007 (many years after his death) for his "masterful improvisation, supreme musicianship and iconic centrality to the history of jazz."

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: John Coltrane
- **img**: John Coltrane 1963.jpg
- **img capt**: Coltrane, 1963
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: John William Coltrane
- **alias**: "Trane"
- **birth place**: Hamlet, North Carolina, U.S.
- **death place**: Huntington (CDP), New York, Huntington, New York, U.S.
- **instrument**: Tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone, alto saxophone, flute, bass clarinet
- **genre**: Jazz
- **occupation**: Saxophonist, composer, bandleader
- **years active**: 1946–1967
- **label**: Prestige Records, Prestige, Blue Note Records, Blue Note, Atlantic Records, Atlantic, Impulse! Records, Impulse!
- **associated acts**: Miles Davis Quintet, John Coltrane Quartet, John Coltrane Quintet
Fela Kuti

**Fela Anikulapo Kuti** (15 October 1938 – 2 August 1997), or just **Fela**, was a Nigerian musician and composer who was very important in a genre called afrobeat. He played the saxophone, guitar, drums, keyboards and trumpet, and he sang. He was also a human rights activist. The American singer James Brown said that Kuti was one of the originators (starters) of the funk genre.

Kuti died in 1997 of Kaposi's sarcoma, an illness caused by AIDS. In 2008 a musical production called _Fela!_ was created, about Kuti's life and career.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Fela Kuti
- **img**: Fela Kuti.jpg
- **img capt**: Fela Kuti in 1970
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Olufela Olusegun Oludotun Ransome-Kuti
- **birth place**: Abeokuta, Nigeria
- **death place**: Lagos, Nigeria
- **origin**: Abeokuta, Nigeria
- **instrument**: Saxophone
Singing, Vocals
Keyboard instrument, Keyboards
Trumpet
Guitar
Drum kit, Drums
- **genre**: Afrobeat
- **occupation**: musician, activist
- **years active**: 1958–1997
Requiem for a Dream

***Requiem for a Dream*** is a 2000 American psychological drama movie. It was directed by Darren Aronofsky. It stars Ellen Burstyn, Jared Leto, Jennifer Connelly, and Marlon Wayans. The movie is about people with different drug addictions in Brooklyn, New York City.

## Cast

- Ellen Burstyn as Sara Goldfarb
- Jared Leto as Harry Goldfarb
- Jennifer Connelly as Marion Silver
- Marlon Wayans as Tyrone C. Love
- Keith David as Big Tim
Home Alone 3

***Home Alone 3*** was the third movie in the _Home Alone_ movie series. It is an American crime comedy movie. Macaulay Culkin, who was in the last two movies, as Kevin McCallister, was too old for this movie. The movie instead features a different household and villains. The director was Raja Gosnell, who was the editor of both original movies and the star actor was Alex D. Linz as Alex D. Pruitt. John Hughes returns as the producer. It was released on December 12, 1997 by 20th Century Fox. The movie grossed $79,082,515 worldwide.

In this movie, Alex Pruitt (Alex D. Linz) is sick at home with the chickenpox. He recovers and must defend his home from four burglars.

Two made-for-television sequels: _Home Alone 4: Taking Back the House_ and _Home Alone: The Holiday Heist_ followed in 2002 and 2012, with a reboot titled _Home Sweet Home Alone_ released in 2021.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Home Alone 3
- **director**: Raja Gosnell
- **writer**: John Hughes
- **music**: Nick Glennie-Smith
- **cinematography**: Julio Macat
- **studio**: Hughes Entertainment
- **distributor**: 20th Century Fox
- **runtime**: 102 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $32 million
- **gross**: $79.1 million
Stripes (movie)

***Stripes*** is a 1981 American comedy movie starring actor Bill Murray. His character is in the military.
Justin.tv

**JustinTv** or JTV was a free account broadcasting website. It was founded by Justin Kan in Los Angeles, California. A spin-off based on JTV called Twitch was created in June 2011.
Harvey Milk

**Harvey Bernard Milk** (May 22, 1930 – November 27, 1978) was an American politician and a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. He was the first openly gay man to be elected to public office in California. He did not focus on homosexuality or gay activism at first, but did later on in his career. Milk moved from New York City to live in San Francisco in 1972. This was a time when lots of gay men moved to live in the Castro District of San Francisco. Milk became a city supervisor in 1977.

## Life

Milk became an icon in San Francisco and "a martyr for gay rights", according to University of San Francisco professor Peter Novak.

## Death

On November 27, 1978, he and Mayor George Moscone were shot and killed by Dan White in San Francisco. White was another city supervisor who had recently resigned but wanted his job back. October 21, 1985, White committed suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning in his garage less than two years after his release from prison.

## Aftermath

In 2002, Milk was called "the most famous and most significantly open LGBT official ever elected in the United States". Anne Kronenberg, his final campaign manager, wrote of him: "What set Harvey apart from you or me was that he was a visionary. He imagined a righteous world inside his head and then he set about to create it for real, for all of us." Milk was posthumously given the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama on August 12, 2009.

Popular quotes include "If a bullet should enter my brain, let that bullet destroy every closet door", "The fact is that more people have been slaughtered in the name of religion than for any other single reason. That, that my friends, that is true perversion!".

There has been some controversy about Milk’s relation to Jim Jones, a cult leader who led the communist Peoples Temple and resulted in the deaths of over 900 people.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birthname**: Harvey Bernard Milk
- **image**: Harvey Milk in 1978 at Mayor Moscone's Desk crop.jpg
- **caption**: Milk in 1978
- **alt**: A black and white photograph of Harvey Milk sitting at the mayor's desk
- **office**: Members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, Member of the
San Francisco Board of Supervisors
from District 5
- **term start**: January 8, 1978
- **term end**: November 27, 1978
- **predecessor**: _District Created_
- **successor**: Harry Britt
(appointed)
- **constituency**: The Castro, San Francisco, California, The Castro,
Haight-Ashbury,
Duboce Triangle,
Noe Valley
- **birth place**: Woodmere, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: San Francisco, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **residence**: San Francisco
- **alma mater**: University at Albany, SUNY, University at Albany
- **profession**: Politician, business owner
- **allegiance**: United States of America
- **branch**: United States Navy
- **serviceyears**: 1951–1955
- **rank**:  Lieutenant, junior grade
- **unit**: USS Kittiwake (ASR-13), USS _Kittiwake_ (ASR-13)
- **battles**: Korean War Era
John Blow

**John Blow** (born Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, baptised 23 February 1649; died Westminster, London, 1 October 1708) was an English composer and organist. He had a great deal of influence on English music. His best pupil was Henry Purcell who was the greatest English composer of his time.

Blow was born in Newark-on-Trent. As a boy he sang in the choir the Chapel Royal (the king's church choir). He was still very young when he started composing anthems. One of these anthems, known as the "Club Anthem" was written by Blow together with three other choirboys: Pelham Humfrey, Michael Wise and William Turner, all of whom were to become well-known composers when they grew up. The diarist Samuel Pepys heard him sing once, but Blow's voice was breaking by then, and Pepys wrote in his diary that he made an "unpleasant sound".

In 1668 he became organist of Westminster Abbey. In 1674 he was made a gentleman of the Chapel Royal. When Pelham Humfrey died, Blow took over two of his jobs. He was in charge of a small choir at the king’s court (he was called "composer-in-ordinary"). He also became Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal. He stayed in that job for the rest of his life. Many of the boy choristers he taught later became great composers. They include William Croft, Jeremiah Clark and Daniel Purcell. Henry Purcell’s voice had already broken by this time, and he became an apprentice to Blow.

In September 1673 he married Elizabeth Braddock. Ten years later she died when giving birth to a child.

In 1676 Blow became one of three organists at Westminster Abbey. In 1677 he was given the title of "Doctor of Music". In 1680 he seems to have resigned from his job as organist at Westminster Abbey so that his young pupil Henry Purcell could take his place. By 1685 he was one of the private musicians of James II. He composed a long anthem _God spake sometime in visions_ for King James's coronation.

In 1687 he became choirmaster at St Paul's Cathedral. The choir was just being reformed after the rebuilding of the cathedral following the Great Fire of London. Michael Wise had been appointed as choirmaster, but then he died, so Blow was given the job. In 1695 he became organist of St Margaret's, Westminster, and he also took his old job at Westminster Abbey again when Henry Purcell died.

In 1699 he became Composer to the Chapel Royal. This was the first time anyone had been given this title. However, he does not seem to have composed much after 1700.

Blow died on 1 October 1708 and was buried in the north aisle of Westminster Abbey, close to Henry Purcell.

## His music

Blow composed a large amount of music. He wrote the same sort of music as Henry Purcell, except that Purcell also wrote trio sonatas as well as a lot of music for the theatre. Blow wrote a large amount of church music. We know fourteen services and more than a hundred anthems by Blow. He also wrote other vocal music such as odes, and music for harpsichord and just one piece of music for the stage: _Venus and Adonis_.
Diary

A **diary** is a book which a person writes about what they have seen or heard or what they have been doing.  Diaries are usually handwritten.  People like to keep diaries (meaning: write a diary) for a variety of reasons: they may want to keep a record for themselves about what they have done during their life.  They may sometimes want to publish it so that other people can read it.  Some diaries may be important for business or military purpose, in which case they may refer to it as "diarizing", which means to keep a record of an event that may have happened. Children in schools are often asked to write a diary.  This helps them to write about what they have been doing and expressing their thoughts.

Some people, such as Samuel Pepys, have become famous as a diarist.  Pepys lived at an interesting time (he was alive at the time of the Great Fire of London).  We know a lot about what London was like by reading his diary.  Anne Frank wrote a diary while she was hiding from the Nazis.

In modern times people write blogs on the internet.  This is a modern kind of diary.

The word **diary** can also be used for a pocket diary: a small book in which people can write down their appointments so that they can remember what they are supposed to be doing each day.

## Related pages

- Journal
- Autobiography
Classical economics

**Classical economics** is the first modern school of economic thought. Its main developers include Adam Smith, Jean-Baptiste Say, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus and John Stuart Mill.

## Adam Smith _The Wealth of Nations_

Adam Smith's book _The Wealth of Nations_ (1776) was the beginning of classical economics. Smith said that if everyone did what was best for themselves, the result would be best for society. Before that, economics was about the king's personal interests, and the wealth of a nation was measured by the king's treasury. Smith said what's important is what's best for the whole nation, and that wealth should be measured by the yearly income of the nation. He wanted to discover how wealth can grow, and how people could do things to support that growth. Smith's book said land, labor, and capital were the three "factors of production" and the main contributors to a nation's wealth.

Prices naturally adjust to having more or less of something: supply and demand. If there is too much of something (more supply), prices go down so that people have more reason to buy it. If a lot of people want something (high demand), there may not be enough of it (scarcity); there will be a competition among the people who want to buy it, and some people will agree to pay more to get what they want, and prices go up.

Smith said markets should be free. At the time, some big companies (like the East India Company) were controlled by the government. Sometimes the rulers made laws that were good for themselves but not for workers or customers. For example, in the American colonies, colonists could grow cotton but were not allowed to make clothing from it. They had to ship it to England to be made into clothing, then buy it back after it was finished. Smith said this was bad for individuals and for society. He thought it was better for money to flow freely and naturally between buyers and sellers without outside interference. Money would naturally go to the sellers who made the best product at the best price. This way if people did what was best for them, it would end up being best for society as a whole, almost like an "invisible hand" was guiding everything.
Jeff Probst

**Jeffrey Lee "Jeff" Probst** (born November 4, 1961) is an American game show host, executive producer and reporter. He was born in Wichita, Kansas, but mostly grew up in Bellevue, Washington. He is  best known for being the host of the American version of the reality show _Survivor_.

On September 21, 2008 Probst won the first Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program. On September 20, 2009 he won the same award again.

Probst currently hosts the talk show _The Jeff Probst Show_, which started on September 10, 2012.

## Other websites

- CBS.com profile

## Infobox (actor)

- **image**: Jeff Probst.jpg
- **name**: Jeff Probst
- **birthname**: Jeffrey Lee Probst
- **birth place**: Wichita, Kansas, United States
- **occupation**: Presenter#Television presenters, Television presenter, Game show host, Executive producer, Reporter
- **yearsactive**: 1996 – present
- **spouse**: Shelley Wright (1996 - 2001)
Julie Berry (2005 - 2008)
Kris Allen

**Kristopher Neil Allen** (born June 21, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter. He was the winner of Series 8 of _American Idol_.

## Infobox (person)

- **child**: yes
- **children**: 3


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kris Allen
- **image**: Kris Allen in New York City.jpg
- **birth name**: Kristopher Neil Allen
- **birth place**: Jacksonville, Arkansas, U.S.
- **origin**: Conway, Arkansas, U.S.
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals
- **years active**: 2007–present
Invisible ink

**Invisible ink** is a type of liquid that cannot be seen or read unless it is first activated. Chemical reactions, heat, ultraviolet light or special glasses are used to make invisible ink visible.

It is used to send secret messages or for entertainment. Invisible ink pens are sometimes sold or used for prizes, usually with an ultraviolet light.
Pee-wee's Big Adventure

***Pee-wee's Big Adventure*** is a 1985 movie starring Paul Reubens as Pee Wee Herman. He travels across the US to get back his stolen bicycle. The 1985 movie was directed by Tim Burton from a screenplay by  Paul Reubens, Phil Hartman and Michael Varhol. The music was composed by Danny Elfman.
Bad Kreuznach

**Bad Kreuznach** is a town in Germany, in Rhineland-Palatinate. It has about 40,000 inhabitants.
Dean Ashton

**Dean Ashton** (born 24 November 1983) is a former English football player. He has played for England national team.

### Club

|rowspan=2|Club|rowspan=2|Season|colspan=3|League|colspan=2|FA Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Other|colspan=2|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan=6|Crewe Alexandra|2000–01|First Division|21|8|2|0|0|0|—|23|8||
|2001–02|First Division|31|7|4|3|1|0|—|36|10||||
|2002–03|Second Division|38|9|2|2|1|0|3|5|44|16|||
|2003–04|First Division|44|19|1|0|2|1|—|47|20||||
|2004–05|Championship|24|18|0|0|3|2|—|27|20||||
|rowspan=3|Norwich City|2004–05|Premier League|16|7|—|—|—|16|7||||
|2005–06|Championship|28|10|0|0|2|1|—|30|11||||
|rowspan=6|West Ham United|2005–06|Premier League|11|3|5|3|—|—|16|6|||
|2006–07|Premier League|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|||
|2007–08|Premier League|31|10|2|0|2|1|—|35|11||||
|2008–09|Premier League|4|2|0|0|1|0|—|5|2||||
|2009–10|Premier League|0|0|0|0|0|0|—|0|0||||

### International

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|England|2008|1|0|

## Honours

**Crewe Alexandra**
- Football League Second Division runner-up: 2002–03

**West Ham United**
- FA Cup runner-up: 2005–06

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Dean Ashton
- **image**: Dean ashton (cropped).jpg
- **image size**: 200
- **caption**: Ashton in 2008
- **fullname**: Dean Ashton
- **birth place**: Swindon, England
- **position**: Forward (association football), Striker
- **youthclubs1**: Stoke City F.C., Stoke City
- **youthyears2**: –2005
- **youthclubs2**: Crewe Alexandra F.C., Crewe Alexandra
- **years1**: 2000–2005
- **years2**: 2005–2006
- **years3**: 2006–2009
- **clubs1**: Crewe Alexandra F.C., Crewe Alexandra
- **clubs2**: Norwich City F.C., Norwich City
- **clubs3**: West Ham United F.C., West Ham United
- **caps1**: 158
- **goals1**: 61
- **caps2**: 44
- **goals2**: 17
- **caps3**: 46
- **goals3**: 15
- **totalcaps**: 248
- **totalgoals**: 93
- **nationalyears1**: 2001
- **nationalyears2**: 2001–2002
- **nationalyears3**: 2002
- **nationalyears4**: 2004–2005
- **nationalyears5**: 2008
- **nationalteam1**: England national under-17 football team, England U17
- **nationalteam2**: England national under-19 football team, England U19
- **nationalteam3**: England national under-20 football team, England U20
- **nationalteam4**: England national under-21 football team, England U21
- **nationalteam5**: England national football team, England
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
- **nationalcaps2**: 5
- **nationalgoals2**: 5
- **nationalcaps3**: 2
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
- **nationalcaps4**: 9
- **nationalgoals4**: 4
- **nationalcaps5**: 1
- **nationalgoals5**: 0
Takahiro Shimotaira

**Takahiro Shimotaira** (born 18 December 1971) is a former Japanese football player. He has now retired.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1990–91|Hitachi|JSL Division 2|3|0|||0|0|3|0|
|1991–92|JSL Division 1|21|0|||1|0|22|0||
|1992|Football League|17|1|||-|17|1|||
|1993|Kashiwa Reysol|14|2|1|0|6|0|21|2||
|1994|27|2|0|0|1|0|28|2|||
|1995|J1 League|35|1|2|0|-|37|1|||
|1996|28|0|2|0|14|1|44|1|||
|1997|24|0|3|0|6|0|33|0|||
|1998|25|0|1|0|3|0|29|0|||
|1999|30|2|4|0|6|1|40|3|||
|2000|20|0|1|0|0|0|21|0|||
|2001|FC Tokyo|16|0|0|0|3|0|19|0||
|2002|23|0|1|0|6|0|30|0|||
|2003|Kashiwa Reysol|20|0|2|0|3|0|25|0||
|2004|13|0|1|0|3|0|17|0|||

## Managerial statistics

Update; _end of 2022 season_.
|rowspan="2"|Team|rowspan="2"|From|rowspan="2"|To|colspan="5"|Record|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Kashiwa Reysol|align="left"|2016|align="left"|2018|||
|align="left"|Yokohama FC|align="left"|2019|align="left"|2021|||
|align="left"|Oita Trinita|align="left"|2022|align="left"|_present_|||

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Takahiro Shimotaira
下平 隆宏
- **fullname**: Takahiro Shimotaira
- **birth place**: Gonohe, Aomori, Gonohe, Aomori Prefecture, Aomori, Japan
- **height**: 1.75 m
- **position**: Midfielder
- **currentclub**: V-Varen Nagasaki
- **youthyears1**: 1997–1999
- **youthclubs1**: Gonohe High School
- **years1**: 1990–2000
- **clubs1**: Kashiwa Reysol
- **caps1**: 244
- **goals1**: 8
- **years2**: 2001–2002
- **clubs2**: FC Tokyo
- **caps2**: 39
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2003–2004
- **clubs3**: Kashiwa Reysol
- **caps3**: 33
- **goals3**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 316
- **totalgoals**: 8
- **manageryears1**: 2016–2018
- **managerclubs1**: Kashiwa Reysol
- **manageryears2**: 2019–2021
- **managerclubs2**: Yokohama FC
- **manageryears3**: 2022–2023
- **managerclubs3**: Oita Trinita
- **manageryears4**: 2024–
- **managerclubs4**: V-Varen Nagasaki
Sandro Cardoso dos Santos

**Sandro Cardoso dos Santos** (born 22 March 1980) is a Brazilian former football player.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2003|JEF United Ichihara|J1 League|23|8|3|2|1|1|27|11|
|2004|22|9|0|0|4|2|26|11|||

## Honours

- K-League Top Scorer : 2001
- K-League Best XI : 2001
- Korean FA Cup : 2002
- Korean League Cup : 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005
- Korean Super Cup : 1999, 2000, 2005
- Asian Club Championship : 2001, 2002
- Asian Super Cup : 2001, 2002

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Sandro
- **fullname**: Sandro Cardoso dos Santos
- **birth place**: São Paulo, São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Brazil
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **years1**: 1998–2000
- **years2**: 2000–2002
- **years3**: 2003–2004
- **years4**: 2005–2007
- **years5**: 2007
- **years6**: 2007–2008
- **years7**: 2009
- **years8**: 2009
- **years9**: 2010
- **clubs1**: Associação Atlética Portuguesa (Santos), Portuguesa
- **clubs2**: Suwon Samsung Bluewings
- **clubs3**: JEF United Chiba, JEF United Ichihara
- **clubs4**: Suwon Samsung Bluewings
- **clubs5**: → Chunnam Dragons (loan)
- **clubs6**: Changsha Ginde
- **clubs7**: FC Thun
- **clubs8**: Shandong Luneng Taishan
- **clubs9**: Changsha Ginde
- **caps2**: 52
- **goals2**: 25
- **caps3**: 45
- **goals3**: 17
- **caps4**: 41
- **goals4**: 6
- **caps5**: 4
- **goals5**: 1
- **caps6**: 36
- **goals6**: 6
- **caps7**: 13
- **goals7**: 5
- **caps8**: 15
- **goals8**: 2
- **caps9**: 28
- **goals9**: 5
- **pcupdate**: 3 March 2010