Wenvoe transmitting station

The **Wenvoe transmitting station**, officially called **Arqiva Wenvoe** is a television, radio and telecommunications transmitter. It is close to the welsh village of Wenvoe in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. The site is owned and managed by Arqiva. The site is estimated to serve 630 thousand homes. It was the first television transmitter in Wales.

## History

The original 230 meters tall mast in the site was built in 1952 by the BBC. It originally only carried BBC One on 405-line VHF television. It used to broadcast on Band I channel 5. From the 15 August 1952 it used its reserve transmitters, until the 20 December 1952 when the main transmitter was started. The original mast was used until 1985, with the closure of 405-line television.

In 1955 FM radio started broadcasting from the transmitter, with the BBC Home Service. The BBC Light Programme was added in 1956 and the Third Programme was added in 1959.

In 1963 a second, shorter 191 m mast was built next to the original structure. It was made to carry the new BBC Wales 405-line service on Band III channel 13. It began broadcasting on 9 February 1964. The transmitter used for this service closed in 1983.

On 12 September 1965, a 625-line black and white television service BBC2 started transmitting from Wenvoe on UHF. The transmitter used was able to broadcast in colour from the beginning and was used for unannounced colour test transmissions from that point on.

In September 1967, BBC2 officially started a colour TV service from Wenvoe. This was a few months after BBC2 Crystal Palace and others started the first regular colour TV service in the UK in July.

In 1970, the 625-line colour television was introduced for BBC1 and HTV Wales (ITV). S4C was added  in 1982 when it began broadcasting.

In 1985, after the end of 405-line television in the United Kingdom, the site was redone. This involved the removal of the two original masts. They were replaced by a new mast (which became known as Wenvoe "A"), which remains at the site to this day. Wenvoe "B" is a telecommunications mast that is placed nearby. The FM radio antennas were upgraded from the old horizontally polarised antennas to new mixed polarisation antennas. The transmitter power was also doubled.

Channel 5 launched in 1997, but was transmitted from Mendip instead of Wenvoe. It was assumed that the transmitter at Mendip would serve a good number of houses in Wenvoe's area. At the time, many houses that could receive Mendip were already pointing at it, instead of Wenvoe.

Work started on a new temporary mast that was 217.7 metres tall (called Wenoe "C") on 14 June 2006. The construction was finished in September 2006. This carried analogue signals while Wenvoe "A" was being improved and extended by 23 metres. Wenvoe "A" was given a new high-power digital antenna and a reserve antenna. New high-power digital TV transmitters were put in the buildings, which allows Wenvoe "A" to broadcast the six main digital TV multiplexes and a seventh multiplex proposed by OFCOM after analogue television signals ended in 2010.

The upgrade to Wenvoe "A" was completed in the summer of 2009 and Wenvoe "C" was removed starting in late August 2009.

Wenvoe's analogue BBC Two service was turned off on 3 March 2010. The other analogue TV services closed on 31 March 2010, marking the point where Wales had officially finished digital switchover.

#### 15 August 1952 - 9 February 1964

|Frequency|VHF|kW|Service|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|66.75 MHz|5V|100|BBC Television|

#### 9 February 1964 - 12 September 1965

The second mast began service and carried the BBC Wales service.
|Frequency|VHF|kW|Service|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|66.75 MHz|5V|100|BBC1 West|
|214.75 MHz|13V|200|BBC1 Wales|

#### 12 September 1965 - April 1970

On 12 September 1965, BBC2 started transmissions from Wenvoe. These broadcasts were done on the Ultra high frequency range instead of the Very high frequency range used by BBC1.
|Frequency|VHF|UHF|kW|Service|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|66.75 MHz|5V||100|BBC1 West|
|214.75 MHz|13V||200|BBC1 Wales|
|711.25 MHz||51|500|BBC2 Wales|

#### April 1970 - 1 November 1982

In April 1970, UHF services that broadcasted ITV and BBC1 began at Wenvoe.
|Frequency|VHF|UHF|kW|Service|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|66.75 MHz|5V||100|BBC1 West|
|214.75 MHz|13V||200|BBC1 Wales|
|631.25 MHz||41|500|HTV Wales|
|655.25 MHz||44|500|BBC1 Wales|
|711.25 MHz||51|500|BBC2 Wales|

#### 1 November 1982 - 4 January 1983

On 1 November 1982, S4C started broadcasting and was carried on Wenvoe from the start.
|Frequency|VHF|UHF|kW|Service|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|66.75 MHz|5V||100|BBC1 West|
|214.75 MHz|13V||200|BBC1 Wales|
|631.25 MHz||41|500|HTV Wales|
|655.25 MHz||44|500|BBC1 Wales|
|679.25 MHz||47|500|S4C|
|711.25 MHz||51|500|BBC2 Wales|

#### 4 January 1983 - 3 January 1985

The 405-line BBC1 Wales service was ended early. The off-air relays at Abergavenny, Carmarthen and Llanelli had been closed in 1982.
|Frequency|VHF|UHF|kW|Service|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|66.75 MHz|5V||100|BBC1 West|
|631.25 MHz||41|500|HTV Wales|
|655.25 MHz||44|500|BBC1 Wales|
|679.25 MHz||47|500|S4C|
|711.25 MHz||51|500|BBC2 Wales|

#### 3 January 1985 - 15 November 1998

The 405-line television system was turned off in the UK. This caused Wenvoe's TV output to be 625-line UHF only, until the start of digital television.
|Frequency|UHF|kW|Service|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|631.25 MHz|41|500|HTV Wales|
|655.25 MHz|44|500|BBC1 Wales|
|679.25 MHz|47|500|S4C|
|711.25 MHz|51|500|BBC2 Wales|

#### 15 November 1998 - 3 March 2010

This was the first roll-out for  digital television, which used the DVB-T system. They had chosen the frequencies and power outputs for the digital channels so that it wouldn't affect the analogue television channels, but could be seen using the same aerial.
|Frequency|UHF|kW|Service|System|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|546 MHz|30|10|BBC (Mux 1)|DVB-T|
|578 MHz|34|5|Digital 3&4 (Mux 2)|DVB-T|
|625.833 MHz|40-|5|SDN (Mux A)|DVB-T|
|631.25 MHz|41|500|HTV Wales|PAL System I|
|649.833 MHz|43-|5|Arqiva (Mux C)|DVB-T|
|655.25 MHz|44|500|BBC1 Wales|PAL System I|
|673.833 MHz|46-|5|Arqiva (Mux D)|DVB-T|
|679.25 MHz|47|500|S4C|PAL System I|
|705.833 MHz|50-|5|BBC (Mux B)|DVB-T|
|711.25 MHz|51|500|BBC2 Wales|PAL System I|

#### 3 March 2010 - 31 March 2010

As part of digital switchover, BBC2 Wales' analogue service shut down.
|Frequency|UHF|kW|Service|System|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|546 MHz|30|5|Arqiva (Mux C)|DVB-T|
|578 MHz|34|5|Digital 3&4 (Mux 2)|DVB-T|
|625.833 MHz|40-|5|SDN (Mux A)|DVB-T|
|634.166 MHz|41+|100|BBC A|DVB-T|
|655.25 MHz|44|500|BBC1 Wales|PAL System I|
|673.833 MHz|46-|5|Arqiva (Mux D)|DVB-T|
|679.25 MHz|47|500|S4C|PAL System I|
|705.833 MHz|50-|5|BBC (Mux B)|DVB-T|
|711.25 MHz|51|500|HTV Wales|PAL System I|

#### 31 March 2010 - 27 April 2011

The remaining analogue services were stopped after 40 years. The low power digital multiplexes (apart from Arqiva A and SDN) were upgraded to full power multiplexes.
|Frequency|UHF|kW|Operator|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|546 MHz|30|10|Arqiva A|
|634.166 MHz|41+|100|BBC A|
|658 MHz|44|100|Digital 3&4|
|682 MHz|47|100|BBC B|
|698 MHz|49|50|Arqiva B|
|714 MHz|51|10|SDN|

#### 27 April 2011 - 23 January 2013

The  digital switchover at Wenvoe needed a third phase (special from other transmitters that only needed 2) so UHF channels 42 and 45 could be cleared at the nearby Ridge Hill. After the channels were cleared, Arqiva A and SDN were moved into the group with an increase in transmitter power.
|Frequency|UHF|kW|Operator|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|634.166 MHz|41+|100|BBC A|
|642.166 MHz|42+|50|SDN|
|658 MHz|44|100|Digital 3&4|
|666 MHz|45|50|Arqiva A|
|682 MHz|47|100|BBC B|
|698 MHz|49|50|Arqiva B|

#### 23 January 2013 - 10 December 2013

|Frequency|UHF|kW|Operator|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|618 MHz|39|50|Arqiva B|
|634.166 MHz|41+|100|BBC A|
|642.166 MHz|42+|50|SDN|
|658 MHz|44|100|Digital 3&4|
|666 MHz|45|50|Arqiva A|
|682 MHz|47|100|BBC B|

#### 10 December 2013 - 24 June 2020

After changes made to the 700 MHz Band on 15 May and 6 June, the Arqiva COM7 multiplex is transmitted on UHF Channel 55 and the COM8 multiplex is transmitted on UHF Channel 56. These multiplexes carry more HD channels. The Local TV multipex started tests on Channel 37 around 1 December 2013.
|Frequency|UHF|kW|Operator|System|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|602 MHz|37|10|Local TV|DVB-T|
|618 MHz|39|50|Arqiva B|DVB-T|
|634.166 MHz|41+|100|BBC A|DVB-T|
|642.166 MHz|42+|50|SDN|DVB-T|
|658 MHz|44|100|Digital 3&4|DVB-T|
|666 MHz|45|50|Arqiva A|DVB-T|
|682 MHz|47|100|BBC B|DVB-T2|
|746 MHz|55|40.7|COM7|DVB-T2|
|754 MHz|56|40.7|COM8|DVB-T2|

#### 25 June 2020 - Present

After changes made to the 700 MHz Band, on 22 June 2020, the Arqiva COM8 multiplex was turned off forever.
|Frequency|UHF|kW|Operator|System|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|602 MHz|37|10|Local TV|DVB-T|
|618 MHz|39|50|Arqiva B|DVB-T|
|634.166 MHz|41+|100|BBC A|DVB-T|
|642.166 MHz|42+|50|SDN|DVB-T|
|658 MHz|44|100|Digital 3&4|DVB-T|
|666 MHz|45|50|Arqiva A|DVB-T|
|682 MHz|47|100|BBC B|DVB-T2|
|746 MHz|55|40.7|COM7|DVB-T2|

## Infobox (transmitter)

- **name**: Wenvoe transmitting station
- **image**: Wenvoe Transmitting Station.jpg
- **bbc**: BBC Wales
- **itv**: ITV Cymru Wales
- **localtv**: Cardiff TV
- **built**: 1952
- **mast height**: 260.7 metres (855 ft)
- **switchover**: 31 March 2010
- **caption**: Arqiva Wenvoe