juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Emperor Suizei

was the 2nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.    Historians consider Emperor Suizei to be a legendary person,  and the name Suizei_-tennō_ was created for him after his death by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign. The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty. The _Gukanshō_ records that Suizei ruled from the palace of _Takaoka-no-miya_ at Katsuragi in what will come to be known as Yamato province.

## Traditional history

Suizei is almost certainly a legend. The _Kojiki_ records only his name and genealogy. The  _Nihonshoki_ includes Suizei as the earliest or first of .

The _Gukanshō_ records that Suizei was one of the sons of Emperor Jimmu.

During reign of Emperor Suizei, the capital of Japan was at Kazuraki, Yamato.

## Events of Suizei's life

The Kojiki includes a story about how Suizei attained the throne. His older brother supported Suizei because of his courage.

The absence of information about Suizei does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei (509?-571).

### After his death

This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Suizei.

The actual site of his grave is not known.   According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (_misasagi_) at Nara.

## Related pages

- Emperor of Japan
- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese imperial family tree

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Suizei
- **title**: Emperor of Japan
- **image**: Suizei thumb 1.jpg
- **reign**: legendary
- **predecessor**: Emperor Jimmu, Jimmu
- **successor**: Emperor Annei, Annei
- **birth date**: legendary
- **death date**: legendary
- **burial place**: _Tsukida no oka no e no misasagi_  (Nara)
Emperor Annei

was the 3rd emperor of Japan,  according to the traditional order of succession.  Historians consider Emperor Annei to be a legendary person,  and the name Annei_-tennō_ was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

The _Gukanshō_ records that he ruled from the palace of _Ukena-no-miya_ at Katashiro in Kawachi in what will come to be known as Yamato province.

## Traditional history

Annei is almost certainly a legend. The _Kojiki_ records only his name and genealogy. The  _Nihonshoki_ includes Annei as the second of .

The _Gukanshō_ records that Annei was either the eldest son or the only son of Emperor Suizei.

During reign of Emperor Annei, the capital of Japan was at Katashiha, Kawachi.

## Events of Annei's life

The absence of information about Annei does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei (509?-571).

The spirit (_kami_) of Emperor Annei and the events of his life are enshrined at _Annei-tennō-sha_ at Shirakashi in Yamato province.

### After his death

This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Annei.

The actual site of his grave is not known.  According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (_misasagi_) at Nara.

## Related pages

- Emperor of Japan
- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese imperial family tree

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Annei
- **title**: Emperor of Japan
- **image**: Tennō Annei thumb.jpg
- **reign**: legendary
- **predecessor**: Emperor Suizei, Suizei
- **successor**: Emperor Itoku, Itoku
- **birth date**: legendary
- **death date**: legendary
- **burial place**: _Unebi-yama no hitsujisaru Mihodo no i no e no  no misasagi_ (Nara)
Emperor Itoku

was the 4th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  Historians consider Emperor Itoku to be a legendary person, and the name Itoku_-tennō_ was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

The _Gukanshō_ records that he ruled from the palace of _Migario-no-miya_ at Karu in what will come to be known as Yamato province.

## Traditional history

Itoku is almost certainly a legend. The _Kojiki_ records only his name and genealogy. The  _Nihonshoki_ includes Itoku as the third of .

The _Gukanshō_ records that Itoku was the second or third son of Emperor Annei, but the surviving documents provide no basis for making guesses about why the elder brother or brothers were passed over.

During reign of Emperor Itoku, the capital of Japan was at Karu, Yamato.

## Events of Itoku's life

The absence of information about Itoku does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei (509?-571).

### After his death

This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Itoku.

The actual site of his grave is not known.  According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (_misasagi_) at Nara.

## Related pages

- Emperor of Japan
- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese imperial family tree

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Itoku
- **succession**: Emperor of Japan
- **image**: Tennō Itoku thumb.jpg
- **reign**: 510 BC – 477 BC (traditional)
- **cor-type**: Japan
- **predecessor**: Emperor Annei, Annei
- **successor**: Emperor Kōshō, Kōshō
- **posthumous name**: _Japanese style_:Ōyamatohikosukitomo no Sumeramikoto (),
 _also_ Ōyamatohikosukitomo no Mikoto ()
_Chinese style_: Emperor Itoku ()
- **spouse**: Amonotoyototsu-hime
- **house**: Imperial House of Japan
- **father**: Emperor Annei
- **mother**: Nunasoko-Nakatsu-hime
- **religion**: Shinto
- **birth date**: 553 BC
- **death date**: 477 BC (aged 76)
- **burial place**: (Kashihara)
Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria

The **Coptic Orthodox Church** (; ) or **Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria** is the name for the largest Christian church in Egypt. The Coptic Orthodox Church is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church. Its churches can be found worldwide, where it serves Coptic believers who have emigrated to other countries.

On the 18th November 2012, the Coptic Orthodox Church enthroned His Holiness Pope Tawadros II as the 118th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. His Holiness is the successor to H.H. Pope Shenouda III who died in March 2012 after over forty years as the shepherd of all Copts.

The Church belongs to the Oriental Orthodox family of churches. It has been a separate church body since the disagreement at the Council of Chalcedon in 451 AD. The Church rejected the new definitions about what Christ is like, introduced at the council.

The Church has daughter churches in Ethiopia and Eritrea, which now elect their own Popes.

The Copts believe that their church was founded in Egypt by Saint Mark the Evangelist. According to official Egyptian sources, and the CIA World factbook, between five an ten percent of Egyptians are Christians. Over 90% of these are Copts. According to Coptic sources, 12 to 15% of Egyptians are Copts.

## Infobox (christian denomination)

- **icon**: Coptic cross.svg
- **icon width**: 25px
- **name**: Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria
- **native name**:

- **native name lang**: cop, ar
- **image**: CairoAbbasiyaMarkEntrance-Cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral, Cairo, Egypt
- **main classification**: Eastern Christianity, Eastern Christian
- **orientation**: Oriental Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodox
- **scripture**: Bible
- **theology**: Miaphysitism
- **polity**: Episcopal polity, Episcopal
- **governance**: Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Church
- **leader title**: Head
- **leader name**: Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Pope Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria, Tawadros II
- **area**: Egypt, Libya, Sudan, South Sudan, Middle East, and Coptic diaspora, diaspora
- **liturgy**: Alexandrian Rite
- **headquarters**: Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral, Cairo, Egypt
- **founder**: St. Mark the Evangelist <small>(Traditional)</small>
- **founded date**: AD 42
- **founded place**: Alexandria, Egypt (Roman province), Egypt
- **separations**: Coptic Catholic Church (1895)
 British Orthodox Church (2015)
- **members**: 10 million
- **other names**: _Coptic Church_
_Coptic Orthodox Church_
Reza Alinejad

**Reza Alinejad** (رضا علی نژاد, born September 21, 1985) is an Iranian at risk of execution for accidentally killing a man in self-defense when he was 17 years old.

He is subject of several human rights campaigns, who protesting against his sentence, because of evidence that his act was a self-defense and he was under age if 18 - his death sentence is a violation of international law, Tehran had signed.

Recently, his case was transferred to Tehran for Head of Judiciary Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi review.

## Related pages

- Delara Darabi

### Other websites

- Stop Child Executions
- Help Reza
- Save Delara campaing on Reza

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Reza Alinejad
- **birth place**: Shiraz, Iran
- **nationality**: Iranian
Bigotry

A **bigot** is a person who is intolerant of opinions, lifestyles, or identities that are different from their own. Mostly, the person's opinions are based on prejudice.

The origin of the word _bigot_ in English dates back to at least 1598, via French. It started with the sense of "religious hypocrite", especially a woman.

The word _bigot_ is often used as a pejorative term against a person who is obstinately devoted to negative prejudices, even when those prejudices are proven to be false.

Forms of bigotry may have a related ideology.

## Etymology

The exact origin of the word is unknown, but may have come from the German _bei_ and _gott_, or the English _by God_. William Camden wrote that the Normans were first called bigots, when their Duke Rollo, who receiving Gisla, daughter of King Charles, in marriage, and with her the investiture of the dukedom, refused to kiss the king's foot in token of subjection, unless the king would hold it out for that purpose. And being urged to it by those present, Rollo answered hastily, "No by God", whereupon the king turning about, called him _bigot_; which name passed from him to his people. This is likely fictional, however, as Gisla is unknown in Frankish sources.

## Related pages

- Anti-Semitism
- Discrimination
- Fascism
- Homophobia
- Misogyny
- Misandry
- Nazism
- Racism
- Religious persecution
- Sexism
- Transphobia
- Xenophobia

## References

- _Word Histories And Mysteries: From Abracadabra to Zeus_. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2004. . p 24.
- Ayto, John.  _Dictionary of Word Origins: The Histories of More Than 8,000 English-Language Words_. New York: Arcade Publishing. 1990.

## Other websites

- Etymology of the word bigot
Bukkake

**Bukkake** is when multiple men ejaculate with their penises on a person's face or body at the same time. It comes from the Japanese verb _bukkakeru_ which means "to flood".
Melleruds IF

**Melleruds IF** is an association football club in Mellerud in Sweden, established on 29 July 1908. They are in the Swedish 2nd Division: Västra Götaland. They have had some players who have moved into England, most notably Wigan Athletic F.C. player Andreas Johansson. Johansson played for Melleruds between 1993 and 1995.

## Other websites

- Official website
Lisa Lampanelli

**Lisa Lampanelli** (born **Lisa Lampugnale**, July 19, 1961) is an American comedian.
Detroit Tigers

The **Detroit Tigers** are a Major League Baseball team in Detroit, Michigan. The team plays at Comerica Park. Their manager is AJ Hinch, and they are owned by Christopher Ilitch.

The Tigers began as a minor league baseball team in the 1890s. The league was reorganized as the American League, and became a major league in 1901. The Tigers were one of the first teams to have an "official" nickname. They obtained permission from a military group called the Detroit Light Guard, which was known as the "Tigers". That group had fought in the Civil War and the Spanish-American War.

The Tigers have often lived up to their nickname, having great success from time to time. Their most famous player was Ty Cobb, usually regarded as among the very greatest players of all time. The Tigers have frequently played in baseball's post-season games. They have won several World Series, in 1935, 1945, 1968 and 1984. They also played in the World Series in 2006 and 2012, where they lost to the St. Louis Cardinals and the San Francisco Giants, respectively.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (mlb)

- **name**: Detroit Tigers
- **established**: 1894
- **logo**: Detroit Tigers logo.svg
- **current league**: American League
- **y1**: 1901
- **division**: American League Central, Central Division
- **y2**: 1998
- **past division**: American League East, East Division
- **y5**: 1969
- **y6**: 1997
- **past league**: Western League (1885–1899), Western League
- **y7**: 1894
- **y8**: 1900
- **colors**: Midnight navy blue, orange, white

- **y3**: 1901
- **nicknames**: The Tigers, The Bengals, The Motor City Kitties
- **ballpark**: Comerica Park
- **y4**: 2000
- **pastparks**: * Tiger Stadium (Detroit), Tiger Stadium (–)
* Burns Park (Detroit, Michigan), Burns Park (–)
* Bennett Park (Detroit), Bennett Park (–)
* List of baseball parks in Detroit, Boulevard Park (–)
- **ws**: (4)
- **league**: AL
- **p**: (11)
- **div**: Central
- **dv**: (4)
- **misc5**: **East Division titles** (3)
- **wc**: (1)
- **wild card**: 2006 Detroit Tigers season, 2006
- **owner**: Ilitch Holdings
- **manager**: A. J. Hinch
- **gm**: Sam Menzin (acting)
- **presbo**: Vacant
Oscilloscope

An **oscilloscope** (sometimes abbreviated **CRO**, for cathode ray oscilloscope, or commonly just **scope** or **O-scope**) is a piece of electronic equipment that lets you see changes or waveform in signal voltage. For example, if you want to see the signal a small electronic timer was producing, you could connect it to an oscilloscope and see.

Usually, it shows a two-dimensional graph of one or more electrical potential differences on the vertical axis. These graphs are plotted with time or  some other voltage along horizontal axis.

## Description

A typical oscilloscope is usually box shaped with a display screen, numerous input connectors, control knobs and buttons on the front panel.  To aid measurement, a grid called the _graticule_ is drawn on the face of the screen.  Each square in the graticule is known as a _division_.

## Other websites

- Oscillograph 1911 Encyclopædia.
- Online oscilloscope simulation
- Oscilloscope Tutorial
- The Cathode Ray Tube site
- Digital Storage Oscilloscope measurement basics
- Oscilloscope FAQ
- Oscilloscope Articles & Resources
- Using a Common Oscilloscope
- Features of handheld Oscilloscope
- Quick and easy tutorial to learn concepts and use. Technical terms explained in clear and simple way.
Girl Scout cookie

**Girl Scout cookies** are cookies that the Girl Scouts of the USA sell. They come in many different flavors. Buying Girl Scout Cookies helps the Girl Scouts out because it gives them money as well as helps teach them important lessons in life.
Arthur Abraham

**Arthur Abraham** (born **Avetik Abrahamyan** on 20 February 1980 in Yerevan, Armenia) is a professional boxer. He was the IBF middleweight champion from 2005 to 2009. He won the vacant title on December 10, 2005, in Leipzig, Germany, beating Kingsley Ikeke, by a fifth-round knockout.

Arthur changed his weight class to compete at super middleweight.

Abraham trains under Ulli Wegner in Berlin, Germany and is managed by Wilfried Sauerland.

### Amateur career

_International:_
- 1997 International Light Welterweight German Champion
- 2000, 2001 and 2002 Senior Light Middleweight Armenian Champion

### Professional career

_Major World Titles:_
- IBF Middleweight Champion _(160 lbs)_

_Regional/International Titles:_
- WBA Inter-Continental Middleweight Champion _(160 lbs)_
- WBF Intercontinental Middleweight Champion _(160 lbs)_
- WBO European Super Middleweight Champion _(168 lbs)_

## Other websites

- Official Website
- Boxing record
- Arthur Abraham's Myspace Page
- Arthur Abraham's career record

## Infobox (boxer)

- **name**: Arthur Abraham
- **realname**: Avetik Abrahamyan
- **image**: Arthur Abraham open workout.jpg
- **nickname**: King Arthur
Abrahammer
- **nationality**: Armenians, Armenian
 Germans, German
- **weight**: Middleweight
Super Middleweight
- **birth place**: Yerevan, Armenia
- **home**: Berlin, Germany
- **style**: Orthodox stance, Orthodox
- **total**: 39
- **wins**: 36
- **ko**: 28
- **losses**: 3
- **draws**: 0
- **no contests**: 0
[http://arthur.eeedv.de/ Official site]
International Boxing Federation

The **International Boxing Federation**, or _IBF_, is one of many organizations which sanction world championship boxing bouts, alongside the WBA, WBC, WBO, and a dozen or so others.

## Other websites

- Official Site
Vic Darchinyan

**Vic Darchinyan** (, born January 7, 1976, in Vanadzor, Armenia) is the former IBF flyweight champion. He is a left-handed boxer who currently trains under Billy Hussein, brother of boxers Nedal and Hussein Hussein. He was previously trained by former three-division world champion Jeff Fenech in Sydney, Australia.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Vic Darchinyan's career record

## Infobox (_boxer)

- **name**: Vic Darchinyan
- **image**: VicDarchinyan.jpg
- **realname**: Vakhtang Darchinyan
- **nationality**: Armenian
 Australian citizen
- **nickname**: Raging Bull
- **weight**: Flyweight
- **birth date**: January 7, 1976
- **birth place**: Vanadzor, Armenia
- **home**: Sydney, Australia
- **style**: Southpaw
- **total**: 31
- **wins**: 29
- **ko**: 23
- **losses**: 1
- **draws**: 1
- **no contests**: 0
Atenism

**Atenism** was one of the earliest monotheistic religions. It was the worship of the light emanating from the sun god (or rather sun disk), Aten. It was started by the 18 dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep IV, better known as Akhenaten. It lasted 20 years, until Akhenaten's death. Tutankhamun, Akhenaten's son, restored the traditional Egyptian religion. Today modern day groups have attempted to revive Atenism as a worldwide religion, most notably Akhetaten Fellowship.

## Other websites

- Akhetaten Fellowship Homepage @ www.atenism.org
- Akhetaten Fellowship Forums @ www.atenism.net
Steak

**Steak** is a slice off a larger piece of meat, usually beef. In Canada, steaks are usually grilled. They are also often pan fried or baked. The most tender (softest) cuts of the animal are usually used for steak. This also means that steaks have a high price. The pieces of meat used for steaks are usually cut across the muscle fiber, not along it. This makes them look more tender. Steaks are cut from animals including cattle, buffalo, camels, goats, horses, kangaroos, sheep, ostriches, pigs, rabbits, turkeys, moose, and especially, American black bears.

A restaurant that mainly makes steaks is known as a steakhouse. A well-known side dish to steak is prawns or a cooked lobster tail. This combination is often called _surf and turf_ or _reef and beef_ (the words "surf" and "reef" refer to the seafood and "turf" and "beef" refer to the steak). Special steak knives are used to cut steak. A steak knife is sharper than most table knives and is usually serrated.

Fish is not the only side dish for steak. Other common side dishes are baked potatoes, dinner rolls, salad, and corn on the cob. In France, steaks are often served with french fries. This combination is known as _steak fries_ or _steak-frites_. They do not come with vegetables, but sometimes a salad is served with them.

## Seasoning

Steaks are seasoned with salt and black pepper. Some additional seasonings are garlic, rosemary, and other herbs and spices. Marinades are also an option depending on the cut. Butter can also be used for basting steaks for a milky flavor. Often, steaks are served with a special sauce called "steak sauce", but sometimes steaks are served with a spicy sauce called horseradish.

## Cuts of steak

Steak comes in a wide variety of cuts, which come from different parts of the cow.
Some different cuts are:
- Filet Mignon
- Strip steak
- Rib eye
- Flank steak
- Sirloin
- Chuck
- Skirt steak
- Flap steak

## Degrees of cooking

Meat that is cooked less will appear to be more tender and soft. The usual degrees of cooking for steaks (mostly beef) are:
- **Raw/Uncooked** - for example in tartare.
- **Rare** - cooked very quickly, mostly red inside.
- **Medium Rare** - cooked quickly, mostly pink inside with some red.
- **Medium** - moderately cooked, mostly pink inside, but no red.
- **Medium-Well** - Mostly cooked, with some pink remaining inside.
- **Well-done**- thoroughly cooked. No pink remains inside, may be blackened on the outside.
Jet engine

A **jet engine** is any engine that creates force by releasing a high speed jet of a liquid or a gas.

An example of a jet engine is a full balloon that is not held closed. It will release the air and push the balloon forward.

Turbojet engines are used on airplanes. Turbojet engines have a gas compressor, a kind of fan, at the front that takes in air. The engine burns fuel to make the air expand, and it blows a big wind out the back. On the way out, the hot air turns another fan (a gas turbine) which turns the rod that turns the fan at the front to make it go.

For cruising speeds below that of sound, the ordinary turbojet has too high a jet velocity for best efficiency. Better results can be obtained by making the engine into a Turbofan, handling more air at a lower speed.

Another kind of a jet engine is a rocket engine. Ramjet and pulse jet engines are rarer kinds of jet engine.

## Other websites

- Jet Engine Specification Database
- Jet Engine at Citizendium
Dawn Fraser

**Dawn Fraser**  (born 4 September 1937) is an Australian champion swimmer. She is one of only two swimmers to win the same Olympic event three different times. She was born in Balmain, New South Wales.

## Politics

In 1988, Fraser was elected to the parliament of New South Wales. She served until 1991.

## Other websites

- Australian Olympic Committee Profile
- Dawn Fraser's world records
NBC News

**NBC News** is the news division of American television network NBC. NBC News makes MSNBC channel, Today Show and news programmes.

In December 2025, NBC News launched an ad-free online and mobile subscription service for text and video content.

## Current shows

- _Today_
- _Weekend Today_
- _Meet the Press with Kristen Welker_
- _NBC Nightly News with Lester Holt_
- _Dateline NBC_

## Programming

- _Meet the Press_ (1947–present)
- _Today_ (1952–present)
- _Today 3rd Hour_ (2018–present)
- _NBC Nightly News_ (1970–present)
- _Weekend Today_ (1987–present)
- _Dateline NBC_ (1992–present)
- _Early Today_ (1999–present)
- _Today with Jenna & Sheinelle_ (2026–present)
- _Sunday Today with Willie Geist_ (2016–present)

### Former programming

- _Weekend_ (1974–79)
- _Ask NBC News_ (1979-83)
- _NBC News Overnight_ (1982–83)
- _NBC News at Sunrise_ (1983–99)
- _Real Life with Jane Pauley_ (1990–91)
- _Expose with Tom Brokaw_ (1991)
- _NBC Nightside_ (1991–98)
- _Now with Tom Brokaw and Katie Couric_ (1993–94)
- _NBC News At This Hour_ (1975–1990s; previously branded as _NBC News Update_, _NBC News Capsule_ and _NBC News Digest)_
- _Later Today_ (1999–2000)
- _Today with Kathie Lee and Hoda_ (2008–19)
- _Rock Center with Brian Williams_ (2011–13)
- _Today's Take_ (2012–17)

## Other websites

- NBC News website
CBS News

**CBS News** is the news division of American television network CBS.

## Current television shows

- _CBS Morning News_
- _CBS News Sunday Morning with Jane Pauley_
- _Face the Nation with Margaret Brennan_
- _CBS Evening News with Maurice DeBois_
- _CBS Evening News with Tony Dokoupil_
- _60 Minutes_
- _48 Hours Mystery_
- _Up to the Minute_

## Other websites

- CBS News website
Masters Tournament

**The Masters Tournament** is one of four major championships in men's professional golf and the first of the four to be played each year. The final round of the Masters is always scheduled for the second Sunday in April. Unlike the other major championships, the Masters is held every year at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private golf club in the city of Augusta, Georgia, USA. The Masters Tournament is aired on CBS.

## Winners

|Year||Champion||Country||To par||Margin|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2012|Bubba Watson||-10|Playoff (2)|||||
|2011|Charl Schwartzel||-14|2|||||
|2010|Phil Mickelson||-16|3|||||
|2009|Ángel Cabrera||-12|Playoff (3)|||||
|2008|Trevor Immelman||-8|3|||||
|2007|Zach Johnson||+1|2|||||
|2006|Phil Mickelson||-7|2|||||
|2005|Tiger Woods||-12|Playoff (2)|||||
|2004|Phil Mickelson||-9|1|||||
|2003|Mike Weir||-7|Playoff (2)|||||
|2002|Tiger Woods||-12|3|||||
|2001|Tiger Woods||-16|2|||||
|2000|Vijay Singh||-10|3|||||
|1999|José María Olazábal||-8|2|||||
|1998|Mark O'Meara||-9|1|||||
|1997|Tiger Woods||-18|12|||||
|1996|Nick Faldo||-12|5|||||
|1995|Ben Crenshaw||-14|1|||||
|1994|José María Olazábal||-9|2|||||
|1993|Bernhard Langer||-11|4|||||
|1992|Fred Couples||-13|2|||||
|1991|Ian Woosnam||-11|1|||||
|1990|Nick Faldo||-10|Playoff (2)|||||
|1989|Nick Faldo||-5|Playoff (2)|||||
|1988|Sandy Lyle||-7|1|||||
|1987|Larry Mize||-3|Playoff (3)|||||
|1986|Jack Nicklaus||-9|1|||||
|1985|Bernhard Langer||-6|2|||||
|1984|Ben Crenshaw||-11|2|||||
|1983|Seve Ballesteros||-8|4|||||
|1982|Craig Stadler||-4|Playoff (2)|||||
|1981|Tom Watson||-8|2|||||
|1980|Seve Ballesteros||-13|4|||||
|1979|Fuzzy Zoeller||-8|Playoff (3)|||||
|1978|Gary Player||-11|1|||||
|1977|Tom Watson||-12|2|||||
|1976|Raymond Floyd||-17|8|||||
|1975|Jack Nicklaus||-12|1|||||
|1974|Gary Player||-10|2|||||
|1973|Tommy Aaron||-5|1|||||
|1972|Jack Nicklaus||-2|3|||||
|1971|Charles Coody||-9|2|||||
|1970|Billy Casper||-9|Playoff (2)|||||
|1969|George Archer||-7|1|||||
|1968|Bob Goalby||-11|1|||||
|1967|Gay Brewer||-8|1|||||
|1966|Jack Nicklaus||E|Playoff (3)|||||
|1965|Jack Nicklaus||-17|9|||||
|1964|Arnold Palmer||-12|6|||||
|1963|Jack Nicklaus||-2|1|||||
|1962|Arnold Palmer||-8|Playoff (3)|||||
|1961|Gary Player||-8|1|||||
|1960|Arnold Palmer||-6|1|||||
|1959|Art Wall, Jr.||-4|1|||||
|1958|Arnold Palmer||-4|1|||||
|1957|Doug Ford||-5|3|||||
|1956|Jack Burke, Jr.||+1|1|||||
|1955|Cary Middlecoff||-9|7|||||
|1954|Sam Snead||+1|Playoff (2)|||||
|1953|Ben Hogan||-14|5|||||
|1952|Sam Snead||-2|4|||||
|1951|Ben Hogan||-8|2|||||
|1950|Jimmy Demaret||-5|2|||||
|1949|Sam Snead||-6|3|||||
|1948|Claude Harmon||-9|5|||||
|1947|Jimmy Demaret||-7|2|||||
|1946|Herman Keiser||-6|1|||||
|1945|colspan=4 rowspan=3|Cancelled due to World War II|||||||
|1944|||||||||
|1943|||||||||
|1942|Byron Nelson||-8|Playoff (2)|||||
|1941|Craig Wood||-8|3|||||
|1940|Jimmy Demaret||-8|4|||||
|1939|Ralph Guldahl||-9|1|||||
|1938|Henry Picard||-3|2|||||
|1937|Byron Nelson||-5|2|||||
|1936|Horton Smith||-3|1|||||
|1935|Gene Sarazen||-6|Playoff (2)|||||
|1934|Horton Smith||-4|1|||||

## Other websites

- Official website
Ennead

The **Ennead** was the grouping of nine deities, most often appearing in Egyptian mythology. As a three of threes, the number nine became associated with great power. The ancient peoples thought that groupings of nine gods were very important.
Heliopolis (ancient)

**Heliopolis** was one of the oldest cities of Egypt. Its name also refers (in European languages) to a modern suburb of Cairo. The ancient city stood five miles east of the Nile north of the apex of the river delta. The modern city of Heliopolis is in a different place. In ancient times it was the main city of sun-worship.

This was also where the Heliopolitan version of Egyptian mythology was created.
Akhenaten

**Akhenaten** (first known as **Amenhotep IV**) was a pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. His reign is dated as 1353–1336 BC or 1351–1334 BC.

Akhenaten is one of Egypt's most well-known pharaohs.
In the fifth year of his reign, he changed his name from Amenhotep IV, meaning "Amun is satisfied". He did this because he left Egypt's traditional polytheism. He founded a monotheistic worship of the Egyptian sun god, Aten. He destroyed the temples of Amun. His new religion was called Atenism. It was the first known attempt at monotheism in the world. Naturally, this made enemies of the many priests of the old religion.

This culture shift away from traditional religion was not widely accepted. This helps to explain why after his death, his monuments were dismantled, his statues were destroyed, and his name excluded from lists of rulers compiled by later pharaohs. Traditional religious practice was gradually restored, notably under his close successor Tutankhamun, who changed his name from Tutankhaten early in his reign. However, it was Horemheb who destroyed all the works of Akhenaten.

Akhenaten was all but lost to history until the late 19th century discovery of Amarna, the new capital city he built for the worship of Aten.
Its rediscovery and Flinders Petrie's early excavations sparked great public interest in the pharaoh and his queen Nefertiti. The interest comes from his connection with Tutankhamun, the unique style and high quality of the pictorial arts he patronized, and interest in the religion he attempted to establish.
Bartonella rochalimae

***Bartonella rochalimae*** is a recently discovered strain of gram-negative bacteria. It is a member of the _Bartonella_ genus. The bacteria was found by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco. Scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also helped with the discovery.

The bacterium was first found in a 43-year-old American woman. She was in Peru when she became very sick. She had a high fever, anemia and insomnia.  The illness was thought to be _Bartonella bacilliformis_, a similar bacteria that causes Oroya fever. The scientists later discovered that a new species of bacteria had caused the illness. They gave the patient some antibiotics. Her condition later improved.

The findings were published in the _New England Journal of Medicine_ on June 7, 2007.
Tipi

A **tipi** (also called a **tepee** or **teepee**) is a kind of tent. It is cone-shaped. They were made by Native Americans of the Great Plains who frequently moved from place to place, following buffalo or other animals Native Americans hunted.

Tipis are made from long poles, and are covered with material. Long ago the material was animal skin or tree bark. Today, they are made from cloth.

Tepees were put up in as a circle, which symbolized the life.

Tepees are no longer usually used for a full-time home, but they are still used for special occasions.

Tepees were used by the Lakota.

The Plains Indians would sometimes paint and mark their tepees, and put signs to mark off evil.

They usually made the cover from buffalo skin (tanned hide).

Teepees had a flap that could be open and closed as necessary during the summer and winter months

They generally had an 'ears' flap.

The doorway would face towards the rising sun.

Tipis would contain paintings.
Luke the Evangelist

**Luke the Evangelist** is one of the Four Evangelists, said to be the author of the Gospel of Luke and Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Irenaeus, Eusebius of Caesarea and Jerome say that he was a friend of Saint Paul and a doctor, and that he accompanied Paul on some of his travels. These people also say that he was of Greek origin, from Antioch in Syria.

Modern-day scholars think that the person that wrote the two books was not the same that accompanied Paul. Paul had a theology that was special, and slightly different from that of other writers of the New Testament. The two books written by Luke never refer to this theology. Also, the name of Paul's companion is never linked to writing the two books. The Acts of the Apostles often tell things about Paul which Paul does not tell himself in his letters.

Luke wrote about the Three Wise Men who visited Jesus in the Bible.  Luke never said there were 3 wise men, only wise men from the east.

His feast day is 18 October.
Walid Eido

**Walid Eido** (in Arabic: وليد عيدو) (Beirut, 1942 - Beirut, June 13, 2007) was a Lebanese man who worked for the Lebanese Parliament, a government building in Beirut. He died with his son on June 13, 2007, with eight other people, when a bomb blew up just outside a famous amusement park. This was at the waterside of north Beirut.

## His early life

Walid Eido was Sunni Muslim. He was born in the Bachoura area of Beirut. He finished his studies at the Lebanese University in 1966. In the late 1990s, he worked for the Lebanese law of north Lebanon, but, in the year 2000, he quit to go into political life with Mr. Rafic Hariri and to be in the Lebanese parliament. Later on, he worked for the Lebanese Parliament. He used to belong to Al-Murabitun militant group at the time of the Lebanese civil war, he left the Murabitun when this group starts to expand and take bad members in.

## Personal life

Eido was married with three sons named Khaled, Zaher and Mazen. Eido was a good swimmer and the bomb exploded outside his favorite Beirut beach resort, Sporting Club.
Toyama Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan on the island of Honshū. The capital is Toyama.

## History

The area of Toyama Prefecture comes from Etchū Province.

The Itai-itai disease, whose origin is from polluted water with cadmium, occurred in Toyama around 1950.

## Geography

Toyama Prefecture is bordered by Ishikawa Prefecture to the west, Niigata Prefecture to the northeast, Nagano Prefecture to the southeast, Gifu Prefecture to the south and the Sea of Japan to the north.

The most famous mountain in Toyama is Mount Tate.

Toyama is known for its great mountains and rich fishery. ,  and mass product of tulip industry are also famous.

Toyama is an industrial prefecture because companies like YKK and Sankyo Aluminum have been able to take advantage of cheap hydro-electricity generated by rivers flowing from its high mountains.

### National Parks

National Parks are established in about 30% of the total land area of the prefecture, including
- Chūbu-Sangaku National Park

## Shrines and Temples

_Takase taisha_, _Keta jinja_, and _Oyama jinja_ are the chief Shinto shrines (_ichinomiya_) in the prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan
- Kataller Toyama

## Other websites

- Toyama Prefecture website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Toyama
- **native name**: 富山県
- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **translit lang1**: Japanese
- **translit lang1 type**: Romaji
- **translit lang1 info**: Toyama-ken
- **image flag**: Flag of Toyama Prefecture.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Toyama Prefecture.svg
- **seal type**: Symbol
- **image map**: Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_16_Toyama_prefecture.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Toyama in Japan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Chūbu region, Chūbu (Hokuriku region, Hokuriku)
- **subdivision type2**: Island
- **subdivision name2**: Honshū
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Toyama, Toyama, Toyama
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Hachiro Nitta
- **area total km2**: 4,247.61
- **area rank**: 33rd
- **population as of**: June 1, 2019
- **population total**: 1,044,588
- **population rank**: 37th
- **population density km2**: auto
- **iso code**: JP-16
- **blank name sec1**: Prefectural flower
- **blank info sec1**: Tulip
- **blank1 name sec1**: Prefectural tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: Tateyama Cedar
- **blank2 name sec1**: Prefectural bird
- **blank2 info sec1**: Ptarmigan
- **blank3 name sec1**: Prefectural fish
- **blank3 info sec1**: Japanese amberjack, Pasiphaea japonica, Firefly squid
- **blank name sec2**: Number of districts
- **blank info sec2**: 2
- **blank1 name sec2**: Number of municipalities
- **blank1 info sec2**: 15
- **website**: [https://www.pref.toyama.jp/index.html Toyama Prefecture]
Fouad Siniora

**Fouad Siniora** () was the Prime Minister of Lebanon. He served as Prime Minister since July 19, 2005, after Najib Mikati left office. His term ended on November 9, 2009. He was succeed by Saad Hariri. He was also acting president from November 2007 to May 2008.

## His early life

Fouad Siniora is a Sunni Muslim, who was born in Sidon in 1943. He finished his studies at the American University of Beirut. Then, he worked for Citibank, and in the 1970s, he became a teacher at the American University of Beirut. Later, he worked for the Central Bank. In 1982, he started to work for the late Prime Minister, Rafik Hariri. He became part of Hariri's business. Siniora was Minister of Finance in Lebanon after the civil war ended.

## Infobox (prime minister)

- **name**: Fouad Siniora
- **image**: Fouad Sinora.jpg
- **order**: 46th Prime Minister of Lebanon
- **term start**: July 19, 2005
- **term end**: November 9, 2009
- **deputy**: Elias Murr
- **predecessor**: Najib Mikati
- **successor**: Saad Hariri
- **birth date**: 1943
- **birth place**: Sidon, Lebanon
- **spouse**: Huda, three children: Wael, May and Zina
- **party**: Current for the Future
Hassan Nasrallah

**Hassan Nasrallah** (; 28 November 1959 – 27 September 2024) was a Lebanese cleric and the leader of the Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary organization in Lebanon called Hezbollah. He was also a Shia Muslim cleric. He is widely credited in Lebanon and the Arab world for expelling Israeli forces from Lebanon in the year 2006 and for the prisoners exchange deals that saw many Lebanese and Palestinians getting freed.

## Early life

Hassan Nasrallah was born in Bourj Hammoud, east Beirut to a Lebanese Shia Muslim family. He was among ten children in his family. He went to Al Najah school, and then a public school in Sin el-Fil, Beirut. The civil war in 1975 caused his family to move to their old home in Bassouriyeh. There, he finished his secondary education at the public school in Tyre. He then joined the Amal Movement, a militant group that represents the Shi'a Muslims in Lebanon. He used to organize the local religious youth into a study group at the village’s Islamic library. Soon he was made the representative of Amal movement in his village at just the age of 15.

## Assassination

On 27 September 2024, the Israel Defense Forces announced that its air force had struck Hezbollah's main headquarters in Beirut with the goal of assassinating Nasrallah. The following day, it was confirmed that Nasrallah had been killed in the air raid.

## Legacy

_The Economist_ noted that "Mr Nasrallah's death will reshape Lebanon, and the region, in ways that would have been unthinkable a year ago." According to the newspaper, the person that takes his role will have a very difficult task: "It is not just that Israel has wiped out almost its entire military leadership (..). It is also that the group stands humiliated in front of a Lebanese public that had already come to resent Hezbollah [for the way in which they do politics]."

## Other websites

- Hasan Nasrallah from Al Jazeera
Sidon

**Sidon**, or **Saida** (, Saydā; , , Zaydo'wn), is the third biggest city in Lebanon. It is in the southern part of Lebanon at the waterside of the Mediterranean Sea. The name "Sidon" means a fishery.

## History

Sidon was one of the most important cities of Phoenicia. From here, a great trading empire of the Mediterranean area was made. It was known for people who were good in making glass and purple cloth dyes. Glass making was a very important business in Sidon during in Phoenician times. People also made purple cloth dye.
Chisel

A **chisel** is a sharp and straight tool often used with a hammer to shape wood or other surfaces.  Chisels are used by artists to make statues and figures out of stone, marble, or wood.  Construction workers use chisels to change the shape of wood and stone so that they can build with them.  Sometimes chisels are used to break things so that they can be moved more easily.
Parallel

**Parallel** could mean:

- Parallel (geometry), as in "parallel lines"
- Circle of latitude, an imaginary east-west line circling a globe, e.g. the 38th parallel
- Parallelism (grammar), a balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses
- Parallel study, a type of clinical study
- Parallel circuit, as opposed to series
- Parallel import, also known as a "grey market product"
- Parallel transport, in mathematics using vectors and smooth curves

In **music**:
- Parallel key, the minor (or major) key of a major (or minor) key with the same tonic
- Harmonic parallelism, also known as "harmonic planing" or "parallel voice leading"
- Parallel fifths, also known as "consecutive fifths", involve the concurrence of successive intervals of a perfect fifth between two voices in parallel motion -- a harmonization generally forbidden in modern musical theory

**Other**:
- Parallel (manga) (ぱられる) is a shōnen manga by Toshihiko Kobayashi
- _Parallel 9_, A British children's television show

## Related pages

- Parallel computing
- Parallel evolution
- Parallel universe
- Parallel port
Oak Park, Illinois

**Oak Park**, Illinois is a suburb of Chicago. It is west of the city in the same county. About 54,000 people live there.

Ernest Hemingway was born there. Betty White was born there too.  Frank Lloyd Wright lived and worked there for a while.  Some of his most famous houses and buildings were built there.
Ring Lardner

**Ringgold Wilmer Lardner** (March 6, 1885 – September 25, 1933) was an American sports columnist and short story writer best known for his satirical takes on the sports world, marriage, and the theatre.

Lardner was born in Niles, Michigan. He died of tuberculosis in East Hampton, New York.

His son Ring Lardner Jr was a screenwriter who was banned from Hollywood in the 1950s for his Communist beliefs. He later won an Academy Award for writing the film MASH.
Volumetric flask

A **volumetric flask** (**vol flask** for short) is a type of laboratory glassware. It is used to hold and measure accurate amounts of liquid. It is shaped like a Florence flask, but has a flatter bottom. A volumetric flask has a tall, narrow neck with a stopper that can be used to close the opening at the top. There is a line on the neck to show how much to fill the flask. Volumetric flasks are made in many sizes, from a few milliliters to liters. They are often used to make liquid solutions. The neck is narrow to make measurements more exact when making a solution.
Florence flask

A **Florence flask** (also known as a **boiling flask**) is a type of flask. It is a piece of laboratory glassware. It can hold chemical solutions. The flask has a round body with a long neck. The flask usually come in volumes of 1 liter.
Motion Picture Association

The **Motion Picture Association** (**MPA**), originally called the **Motion Picture Association of America**, is a non-profit group based in the United States. Its members are the "big six" major Hollywood studios: Amazon MGM Studios (Amazon), Netflix, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures (The Walt Disney Company), Sony Pictures (Sony), Paramount Pictures (Paramount Global), Universal Studios (Comcast), and Warner Bros. (Warner Bros. Discovery). It also represents Netflix streaming platform movies. The organization produces the well-known voluntary film rating system. On January 22, 2019, Netflix became the first streaming service to become a member of the MPA.
São Carlos

**São Carlos** is a Brazilian city in the state of São Paulo. In 2017, it had 246,088 people living in it. It is about 230 km (143 miles) away from the city of São Paulo and has an area of 1,137 km² (441 mi²).
51st state

**51st state** refers to a place or territory that is not one of the 50 states of the United States, but people think about making it the 51st state. It is sometimes a joke term in American politics, and sometimes a realistic one. It is usually said about the possibility of Puerto Rico (most common in past decades, 80s to 90s) or other U.S. territories becoming part of the United States. There have been attempts by people in the United States to get Canada to join them (like in the Articles of Confederation), but Canada has never accepted these offers. It is also sometimes used to refer to countries that seem to be controlled by the United States. Before the year 1959, when Alaska and Hawaii became states, the sentence "the 49th state" was used.

Places in the United States that are not states right now, but might become the 51st state, include the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the US Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Besides admitting a new state, another type of proposal has been to form a 51st (or even 52nd) state by dividing a current state, such as the most-populous state (and third-largest state, geographically) of California into two or even three states, or Texas (the second-most populous) into four or five states.

Some regions of the U.S. that include land that is now in two different states and might become a new state include the "State of Jefferson" (Northmost California plus the southern counties of Oregon) and the "State of Lincoln" (Eastmost Washington State plus the northern panhandle of Idaho. A move has also been proposed to separate the westmost one-fourth of Nebraska from that state, but to add that to Wyoming (the least-populous state), rather than to create an entirely new state. This region is actually much closer to Cheyenne, Wyoming, the capital city, than it is to its current capital of Lincoln, Nebraska.

In 2012 and more recently in 2017, the people of Puerto Rico voted strongly in favor of becoming the 51st state, but the approval of the United States Congress is also needed.

Guyana has also seen political movements favoring and advocating for it to become an American associated territory with eventual statehood as its goal.