Lavrenty Beria

**Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria** (, Russian: Лаврентий Павлович Берия, born 9 March 1899: Merkheuli, Russian Empire (Georgia or Abkhazia) - 23 December 1953: Moscow, Soviet Union). He was a Georgian-Bolshevik, Soviet politician.

Beria was born to a poor family in Georgia and joined the Bolsheviks of Vladimir Lenin in 1917, when he was 18 years old.

Beria was leader of the NKVD, the Soviet secret police from 1938 to 1945 and of the MVD from 1946 to 1953.  In 1953, after Joseph Stalin's death, Nikita Khrushchev plotted to have Beria executed.

## Early life and career

Beria joined the Bolsheviks in 1917, during the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War. In 1938, he and Nikolai Yezhov executed the head of the NKVD, Genrikh Yagoda, and Alexey Rykov, a Leninist, during the Great Purge (1936-1938).

## Soviet politician

After Vladimir Lenin died in 1924 at age 53, Stalin replaced him, and Beria joined the NKVD, which was led by Felix Dzerzhinsky (1877–1926) and then by Vyacheslav Menzhinsky (1874–1934).  On 1 December 1934, Sergei Kirov was killed probably by the NKVD, and the Great Purge followed from 1936 to 1938.  In 1939, during the start of World War II, the NKVD was involved in the invasion of Poland.  In 1940, Stalin and Beria executed Yezhov and had Ramón Mercader from Spain kill Leo Trotsky in Mexico.

A Soviet politician, Beria was the de facto Marshal of the Soviet Union; a state security administrator; and the chief of the Soviet security and secret police apparatus, the NKVD, under Stalin during World War II against Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1945.

Beria became a postwar First Deputy Premier from 1946 to 1953.  Nearly five years after the war had ended in Asia, and Korea had been liberated from Japan, another began.  North Korea, led by Kim Il-Sung, invaded South Korea, led by Syngman Rhee, on June 25, 1950 and started the Korean War.  Stalin's Eastern Bloc (East Germany, Czechoslovakia,Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria), along with Mongolia, led by Khroloogiin Choibalsan, and China, led by Mao Zedong, helped North Korea.

Beria administered vast sections of the Soviet state. He commanded the NKVD field units responsible for anti-partisan operations on the Eastern Front during World War II. His troops also were a barrier against thousands of "turncoats, deserters, cowards and suspected malingerers." Beria administered the vast expansion of the gulag labor camps. He was responsible for overseeing the secret defense institutions known as _sharashkas_, which were critical to the war effort.

Beria also played the decisive role in coordinating the Soviet partisans, who developed an impressive intelligence and sabotage network behind German lines. He attended the Yalta Conference with Stalin, who introduced him to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt as "our Himmler." After the war, Beria helped to organize the communist takeover of Central and Eastern Europe.

Beria's uncompromising ruthlessness in his duties and skill at producing results led to him overseeing the Soviet atomic bomb project. Stalin gave absolute priority to the project, an achievement that was completed in less than five years. That was helped by Beria's NKVD organizing Soviet espionage against the Western Bloc.

Stalin died of a stroke on March 5, 1953 at the age of 74. Beria, along with Vyacheslav Molotov and Georgy Malenkov, tried to replace Stalin.

Beria was promoted to First Deputy Premier, where he carried out a brief campaign of liberalization. He was briefly a part of the ruling "troika," along with Malenkov and Molotov. Beria's overconfidence in his position after Stalin's death led him to misjudge other Politburo members.

## Downfall

There was a coup d'état, led by Nikita Khrushchev, along with the military forces of Marshal Georgy Zhukov. Beria was arrested on charges of treason on June 26, 1953, during a meeting in which the full Politburo condemned him, all of which had been planned by Khrushchev. The NKVD was powerless because Zhukov's troops were there. After his interrogation, Beria was taken to the basement of the Lubyanka and shot on December 23, as were six of his associates. Numerous allegations arose of Beria being a serial killer for murdering men, women, and children.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birthname**: Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria
- **image**: Lavrenti-Beria.jpg
- **caption**: Beria in 1939
- **nationality**: Soviet Union, Soviet, Georgia (country), Georgian
- **office**: First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union, First Deputy Prime Minister of the Soviet Union
- **term start**: 5 March 1953
- **term end**: 26 June 1953
- **premier**: Georgy Malenkov
- **predecessor**: Vyacheslav Molotov
- **successor**: Lazar Kaganovich
- **office2**: Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union), Minister of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union
- **rank**: Marshal of the Soviet Union
- **term start3**: 25 November 1938
- **term end3**: 29 December 1945
- **term start2**: 5 March 1953
- **term end2**: 26 June 1953
- **predecessor2**: Sergei Kruglov (politician), Sergei Kruglov
- **successor2**: Sergei Kruglov (politician), Sergei Kruglov
- **office4**: First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party
- **term start5**: 14 November 1931
- **term end5**: 18 October 1932
- **battles**: Russian Revolution (1917-1923), Russian Civil War (1917-1923), Polish-Soviet War (1918-1921) World War II (1939-1945), Korean War (1950-1953)
- **term start4**: 15 January 1934
- **term end4**: 31 August 1938
- **birth place**: Gulripsh District, Merkheuli, Sukhum Okrug, Kutais Governorate, Russian Empire (Today : Georgia)
- **death place**: Moscow, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (Today : Russia)
- **party**: Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1917-1953)
- **spouse**: Nina Gegechkori
- **awards**: Hero of the Soviet Union
- **signature**: Lavrentiy Beria Signature.svg
- **nickname**: Stalin’s Himmler
Our Himmler
- **name**: Lavrenty Beria