juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ingolf Schanche

**Ingolf Schanche** (June 13, 1877 – April 15, 1954) was a Norwegian actor and theatre director. He performed mostly at the National Theatre in Oslo, and he was the first artistic director of the Det Nye Teater.

## Life

He was born in Bergen, Norway, to Christian Fredrik Grøner Schanche (1847–1918) and Ida P.M. Larsen (1848–1896).
He made his stage debut in 1897 at the Bergen theatre Den Nationale Scene, performing in Peter Egge's play _Stridsmænd_. He performed two seasons at that theater.

In 1905 he began to collaborate with the National Theatre, which he continued until 1928.

He got married to Ragnhild Fredriksen (1882–1963), an actress, in Oslo on 11 July 1905.

Since 1913, Schanche also acted in several films. The first, directed by Carl Gandrup, was the silent film _Under Kniven_ . His last film production was the Swedish _Mot nya tider_, directed in 1939 by Sigurd Wallén .

In the 1920s he often performed as a guest in theatres in Helsinki, Stockholm and Copenhagen. His roles include Count Danilo in Franz Lehár 's _The Merry Widow_, various characters by Henrik Ibsen, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson's Paul Lange, and Fedja in Leo Tolstoy's play _Det levende li_. However, he reached the pinnacle of his career with his role as Shakespeare 's Hamlet, which he first performed in 1921.

From 1931 to 1942, he performed again at the National Theatre.

## Honors & Associations

Schanche was an honorary member of the Teaterförbundet trade union.

He was appointed Knight of the Swedish Order of Vasa, and Knight First Class of the Order of St. Olaf in 1937.

## Death

Ingolf Schanche died in Oslo in 1954.
Nicky Hopkins

**Nicholas Christian Hopkins** (24 February 1944 – 6 September 1994) was an English pianist and organist. He performed on many popular and enduring British and American rock music recordings from the 1960s to the 1990s, including on songs recorded by the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Who, the Kinks, the Steve Miller Band, Jefferson Airplane, Rod Stewart, George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, The Hollies, Cat Stevens, Carly Simon, Harry Nilsson, Joe Walsh, Peter Frampton, Jerry Garcia, Jeff Beck, Joe Cocker, Art Garfunkel, Badfinger, Quicksilver Messenger Service and Donovan. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest studio pianists in the history of popular rock music.

## Other websites

- Audio samples of some great Hopkins moments
- A website about Nicky Hopkins
- The official Nicky Hopkins website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Nicky Hopkins
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **image**: Nicky Hopkins.png
- **caption**: Hopkins in 1973
- **birth name**: Nicholas Christian Hopkins
- **birth place**: Perivale, Middlesex, England, UK
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **occupation**: Musician
- **years active**: 1960–1994
Triphenylmethanol

**Triphenylmethanol** is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is a molecule of methanol where the non-alcoholic hydrogen atoms have been replaced by phenyl functional groups. It is an ingredient in a type of dye called triarylmethane dyes.

It is more basic than other alcohols. Protonation by a strong acid happens on the oxygen atom, and is followed by elimination of a water molecule. This leaves the very stable trityl cation, a carbocation with a positive charge on the central carbon atom.

Triphenylmethanol was important to the discovery of carbocations. A solution of triphenylmethanol and sulfuric acid, two colorless chemicals, turns bright yellow. Adolf von Baeyer saw that this solution contained a salt-like chemical, now known as trityl bisulfate. von Baeyer named the tendency for organic compounds like triphenylmethanol to make colored salts "halochromy".
Ellen Idelson

**Ellen Idelson** (June 13, 1961 – September 19, 2003) was an American television producer, television writer and actress.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ellen Idelson
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **education**: San Francisco State University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Harvard University (Master of Fine Arts, MFA)
- **years active**: 1987–2003
- **father**: Bill Idelson
Mark Reale

**Mark Reale** (June 7, 1955 – January 25, 2012) was an American guitarist and songwriter who founded and led the heavy metal band Riot (now known as Riot V) in 1975, which experienced success and popularity in the early 1980s. Reale was the sole constant member of the band, as well as its creative force. After Reale's death in 2012, remaining members of the band reformed the group a year later under the name Riot V.

### with Riot

- _Rock City_ (1977)
- _Narita_ (1979)
- _Fire Down Under_ (1981)
- _Restless Breed_ (1982)
- _Born In America_ (1983)
- _Thundersteel_ (1988)
- _The Privilege of Power_ (1990)
- _Nightbreaker_ (1993)
- _The Brethren of the Long House_ (1996)
- _Inishmore_ (1998)
- _Shine On Live In Japan (1998)
- _Sons of Society_ (1999)
- _Through the Storm_ (2002)
- _Army of One_ (2006)
- _Immortal Soul_ (2011)

### with Westworld

- _Westworld_ (1999)
- _Skin_ (2000)
- _Live... In the Flesh_ (2001)
- _Cyberdreams'' (2002)

## Death

On January 25, 2012, Reale died of complications related to Crohn's disease. Reale, who suffered Crohn's disease most of his life, had been in a coma since January 11 due to a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Official Facebook page
- Metal Heaven – Europe Label Riot Artist page
- RIOT Guitarist Mark Reale Passes

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mark Reale
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **death place**: San Antonio, Texas, U.S.
- **instrument**: Guitar
- **years active**: 1974–2012
- **label**: Fire Sign, Capitol Records, Capitol, Elektra Records, Elektra, Quality, Columbia Records, CBS, Sony Music, Sony, Zero, Rising Sun, Metal Blade, Toshiba-EMI, Metal Heaven, LongHouse (self)
Elizabeth Rickey

**Elizabeth "Beth" Rickey** (June 11, 1956 – September 12, 2009) was an American activist and leader in the anti-racism and anti-discrimination movement. Her efforts specifically focused on exposing former neo-Nazi and Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke.

## Related pages

- Racism

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Beth Rickey
- **birth place**: Lafayette, Louisiana, U.S.
- **death place**: Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S.
- **education**: University of Louisiana, Lafayette (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Master of Arts, MA)
Tulane University (PhD)
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **relatives**: Branch Rickey (uncle)
M23

**M23**, **M.23** or **M-23** can be

## Military

- HMS _M23_, a Royal Navy
- M23 chemical mine, a US landmine
- March 23 Movement (M23), a rebel group operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    - M23 rebellion (2012–2013)
    - M23 campaign (2022–present)
- Sako M23, a Finnish family of assault and battle rifles

## Roads

- M23 motorway, a motorway in England
- M-23 (Michigan highway), a highway designation formerly used in Michigan
- Highway M23 (Ukraine)
- M23 (Cape Town), a Metropolitan Route in Cape Town, South Africa
- M23 (Pretoria), a Metropolitan Route in Pretoria, South Africa
- Federal Highway (Australia), part of which is given the designation "M23"

## Other uses

- M23 (New York City bus), a New York City Bus route in Manhattan
- BFW M.23, two-seater sports plane
- The Mathieu group M23 in the mathematical field of group theory
- m23 software distribution system, a Linux software distribution and management system
- McLaren M23, a race car
- Messier 23 (M23), an open star cluster in the constellation Sagittarius
- M23 derby, a football association match between Brighton and Hove Albion and Crystal Palace
- Samsung Galaxy M23 5G, an Android-based smartphone
Non-nucleophilic base

A **non-nucleophilic base** is a type of chemical compound that is a base but not a nucleophile. A non-nucleophilic base will accept hydrogen ions from Brønsted acids, but will not form adducts with other Lewis acids.

Non-nucleophilic bases are protected from electrophiles by steric hindrance, where the shape of the molecule blocks other chemicals from reacting with it. Non-nucleophilic bases normally have large organic functional groups that increase steric hindrance, such as the isopropyl group in lithium diisopropylamide.
Fluorosulfonic acid

**Fluorosulfonic acid**, also called **fluorosulfuric acid**, is a chemical compound related to sulfuric acid. It is an inorganic sulfonic acid where a fluorine atom replaces one of the  groups attached to the sulfur atom in sulfuric acid. The chemical formula of fluorosulfonic acid is . It is a superacid and the strongest known simple Brønsted acid.

## Properties

The fluorine atom is more electronegative than the group it replaced. This makes fluorosulfonic acid stronger than sulfuric acid. Acids stronger than sulfuric acid are called superacids. Fluorosulfonic acid can also be mixed with antimony pentafluoride to make an even stronger superacid called magic acid.

Fluorosulfonic acid is the mixed acid anhydride of  and . As an anhydride, it is vulnerable to hydrolysis, and reacts violently with water to make sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid:

## Preparation

Fluorosulfonic acid is made from sulfur trioxide and hydrogen fluoride. Because it reacts with water, anhydrous chemicals must be used. The chemical equilibrium
means that there will always be small amounts of  and  in fluorosulfonic acid, which can damage glass containers by making hexafluorosilicic acid and silicon tetrafluoride.
Macintosh SE

The **Macintosh SE** is a personal computer made by Apple Computer from March 1987 to October 1990. It was the fourth model in the Macintosh line and improved the design of the earlier Macintosh Plus. It came out at the same time as the Macintosh II.

The SE looked like older compact Macs, but it was faster and had more features. Apple also released a better version in 1989 called the Macintosh SE/30. Later that year, they added a special floppy drive called the "SuperDrive" that could read high-density disks. That version was called the "Macintosh SE FDHD" and later "Macintosh SE SuperDrive".

The SE was replaced by the Macintosh Classic, which had a similar look but was cheaper.

## Overview

Apple introduced the Macintosh SE at an event in Los Angeles on March 2, 1987. "SE" means "System Expansion".

New features compared to the Macintosh Plus:
- First compact Mac with space for a hard drive or a second floppy drive.
- First with a slot for upgrade cards.
- First Mac to support the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) for keyboard and mouse.
- Faster connection for external devices using SCSI.
- Built-in cooling fan for better reliability.
- 10–20% faster performance due to improved RAM access.
- Extra fonts and text spacing tools in the system ROM.
- Included the Disk First Aid tool.

Unlike earlier Macs, the SE didn’t come with a keyboard. Buyers could choose from the regular Apple Keyboard or the bigger Apple Extended Keyboard.

Apple also made ten clear (see-through) SEs as prototypes for photos and employees. These are very rare and valuable.

## Operating system

The SE came with System 4.0 and Finder 5.4. These versions were made just for this computer. Later, they were named "System Software 2.0.1".

## Other websites

- 1987 Apple promo video "Own-a-Mac - The Movie"
- The Mac SE Support Pages (Archived)
- Mac SE at Low End Mac

## Infobox (information appliance)

- **name**: Macintosh SE
- **aka**: Macintosh SE FDHD
Macintosh SE SuperDrive
- **image**: Macintosh SE b.jpg
- **caption**: Macintosh SE with two floppy drives
- **manufacturer**: Apple Inc., Apple Computer
- **family**: Compact Macintosh
- **type**: All-in-one computer, All-in-one
- **price**: US$2,900 (dual floppy)
US$3,900 (with 20 MB hard drive)
- **os**: Classic Mac OS, System 4.0 – System 7, System 7.5.5
- **cpu**: Motorola 68000 @ 7.8 MHz
- **memory**: 1 MB (upgradable to 4 MB)
- **ramtype**: 150 ns 30-pin SIMM
- **display**: black-and-white screen, 512 × 342
- **predecessor**: Macintosh 512Ke, Macintosh Plus
- **successor**: Macintosh SE/30, Macintosh Classic
Afghanistan–Pakistan clashes (2024–present)

The 2024 Afghanistan–Pakistan clashes are a series of ongoing fights involving airstrikes and gunfire between the two countries. Armed groups like the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and the Pakistani Taliban are also involved. Fighting has happened in many places along the border, such as North and South Waziristan, Wana, Dera Ismail Khan, Shangla, Khost, and Paktika. Later attacks also happened in Turbat and Gwadar, in Balochistan province, carried out by the BLA. These attacks targeted projects like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and Pakistani military bases that host U.S. aircraft, putting Chinese and American interests at risk. After things calmed down in March 2024, the conflict flared up again in December 2024 when Pakistan launched airstrikes in Afghanistan's Paktika Province.

The fighting in December marked the third time in less than two years that Pakistan carried out airstrikes inside Afghanistan. The first set of airstrikes happened in 2022, the second took place in March 2024, and the most recent round occurred in December 2024.

## Related pages

- Afghanistan–Pakistan border conflicts

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: 2024 Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes
- **partof**: Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes – Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Insurgency in Balochistan
- **image**:
- **caption**: The international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
- **date**: 16–19 March 2024, 7 September 2024, 25 December 2024 – present
- **combatant1**: Afghanistan<hr> Pakistani Taliban
 Balochistan Liberation Army
- **combatant2**: <hr> National Resistance Front of Afghanistan
- **commander1**: **Hibatullah Akhundzada**
 Hasan Akhund
 Noor Wali Mehsud
 Sehra alias Janan
 Sher Zaman alias Mukhlisyar
 Abu Hamza
 Akhtar Muhammad
 Shoaib Iqbal Cheema alias Muneeb Jatt
 Abdullah Mehsud
 Bashir Zeb
- **commander2**: **Shehbaz Sharif**
 Asif Ali Zardari
 Asim Munir, General Asim Munir
 Zaheer Ahmad Babar
 Naveed Ashraf
  Ahmad Massoud
 Hasib Qoway Markaz
- **units1**: Afghan Armed Forces
*  Afghan Army
 TTP militants
* Hafiz Gul Bahadur Group
* Jaish-e-Fursan-e-Muhammad Group
---
 Balochistan Liberation Army, BLA militants
* Majeed Brigade
- **units2**: Pakistan Armed Forces
*
** XI Corps (Pakistan), XI Corps
** XII Corps (Pakistan), XII Corps
*  Pakistan Air Force
*
**PNS Siddique
** Pakistan Naval Air Arm
*Frontier Corps
*  Inter-Services Intelligence
---
 National Resistance Front of Afghanistan
*  Ground Forces
*  Special Unit
- **casualties1**: 900+ killed in 2024, including 27 Afghans (per Pakistan) (as of December 27)
- **casualties2**: ≈400 personnel killed (per Pakistan) (as of December 27)
- **casualties3**: 950+ Pakistani civilians killed in 2024 (per Pakistan) (as of December 28 and not including insurgents)
- **place**: North Waziristan, South Waziristan, Wanna, Pakistan, Wana, Dera Ismail Khan, Gwadar, Turbat, Shangla, Khost,
 Paktika, and along the Durand line, Afghanistan–Pakistan border
- **result**: Initial de-escalation followed by a renewal of conflict
Balochistan Liberation Army

The **Balochistan Liberation Army** (; also known as the **Baloch Liberation Army**, abbreviated **BLA**) is a militant group made up of Baloch nationalists. It is based in southern Afghanistan and often attacks areas in Pakistan's Balochistan province. The group wants Balochistan to break away from Pakistan. It attacks the Pakistani army, regular people, and foreigners.

BLA's first recorded activity was in mid-2000, when it claimed credit for a series of bombings against Pakistani authorities. BLA is listed as a terrorist organization by Pakistan, China, Iran, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union.

## Infobox (militant organization)

- **name**: Balochistan Liberation Army
- **native name**: بلۏچستان آجوییء لشکر
- **native name lang**: bal
- **image**:
- **leader**: * Bashir Zeb (2018–present)
* Aslam Baloch, alias Achu (2006–2018)
* Razzaq Mandali, alias Engineer
* Balach Marri
* Hyrbyair Marri (alleged)
- **dates**:  –
present
- **country**: * Pakistan
* Afghanistan
- **clans**: Majeed Brigade
- **motives**: Secession of Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan from Pakistan
- **headquarters**: Kandahar, Afghanistan
- **area**: *  Sindh
*  Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan

* Sistan and Baluchestan
- **ideology**: Baloch nationalism
Separatism
Secularism
Anti-Punjabis, Punjabi sentiment
Anti-Chinese sentiment
- **crimes**: Assassination, suicide bombing, attacks against civilians and paramilitary forces, kidnapping and ethnic cleansing
- **status**: Active
- **size**: 600 (2020)
- **allies**:
 <small>(2002–2021)</small>

**Non-state allies:**
 Pakistani Taliban (alleged)
- **opponents**:

- **designated as terror group by**:

- **predecessor**: Balochistan Liberation Front (founded 1964)
Ivy Mike

**Ivy Mike** was the first nuclear test of a hydrogen bomb. It was part of Operation Ivy and took place on November 1, 1952, at Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands. The bomb, named **Mike**, was an 82-ton experimental weapon that used a nuclear fission explosion to trigger fusion in liquid deuterium. Although it was not a easy deliverable bomb, Mike produced the first large-scale thermonuclear explosion, vaporizing Elugelab Island and leaving a crater 6,300 feet wide and 160 feet deep.

## Detonation and effects

Ivy Mike was detonated at 7:15 a.m. local time on November 1, 1952, from a control ship 30 metres away. The blast had a yield of about 10.4 million tons of trinitrotoluene, almost 750 times the yield of Little Boy, the nuclear bomb that destroyed Hiroshima. It vaporized Elugelab Island in the Eniwetok Atoll and left a crater 6,300 feet wide and 160 feet deep. Elugelab can no longer be found on a map, just a hole where it once was. The fireball reached about 3.25 metres in diameter, and the mushroom cloud grew to about 100 metres wide at its largest point. A wave of heat reached the task force ships 30–35 miles away. As the mushroom cloud climbed, its color shifted from white to red-brown. Thirty minutes after the blast, the cloud's head spanned about 60 miles, with its stem roughly 20 miles wide. The rising fireball produced a spectacle of "nuclear lightning" caused by the blast's Electromagnetic Pulse. Pilots who flew near the mushroom cloud saw their radiation meters spin like a watch’s second hand. Some birds were found dead, others survived but had singed feathers and could not fly, and many were burned in midair. Fish washed up on Engebi Island, three miles away, showed one-sided burns.
Kailasha

**Kailasha**, also called **Kailasa**, is the heavenly home of the Hindu god Shiva. It is believed to be a mountain where Shiva lives with his wife Parvati and their children, Ganesha and Kartikeya. Mount Kailash, a real mountain in western Tibet, is thought to be the earthly version of this sacred place.

## Etymology

The name is given as "**'" (; var. **' ) in Sanskrit. It could have been derived from the word "__" (), which means "crystal".

## Theology and mythology

Kailasha is said to be protected by Shiva's followers, called _ganas_, who are led by Nandi, the bull who also serves as Shiva's mount. According to Hindu texts called the Puranas, Shiva and Parvati often sit in Kailasha and talk about deep Hindu ideas and philosophies. Other gods and divine beings are also said to gather there to watch Shiva perform a cosmic dance as Nataraja, the Lord of Dance.

## Geographical location

Mount Kailasha located in the Kailasha Range (Gangdisê Mountains) of the Transhimalaya, in the western part of the Tibetan Plateau is considered to be a geographic manifestation of Kailasha and is considered sacred in Hinduism. Multiple rivers originate from these mountains including the Yarlung Tsangpo (which becomes the Brahmaputra), the Indus, the Sutlej and the Karnali, a tributary of Ganges. All these river systems originate in a  area in the Kailasha region. Kailasha is located close to Manasarovar and Rakshastal lakes. Mansarovar is a high altitude fresh water lake fed by glaciers and overflows into Rakshastal, an endorheic salt water lake.
Metrobank Center

The **Metrobank Center**  is a 66-floor building in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, Philippines. In 2017, it replaced the PBCom Tower as the tallest completed building in Metro Manila and in the Philippines. It is a mixed-use building.

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the world
- List of tallest structures in the world

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Metrobank Center
- **alternate names**: Metrobank Financial Tower
Grand Hyatt Manila
- **former names**: Federal Land Tower
- **etymology**: Metrobank (Philippines), Metrobank
- **image**: BGC Taguig at night (Jopet Sy) - Flickr.jpg
- **caption**: Metrobank Center at night
- **location**: Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
- **mapframe-zoom**: 17
- **cost**: US$300 million
- **start date**: 2011
- **completion date**: 2017
- **developer**: Federal Land
- **architecture firm**: Wong & Ouyang
Casas Architects
- **owner**: Federal Land
- **architectural style**: Contemporary architecture, Contemporary and Postmodern architecture, Postmodern
- **structural engineer**: Ove Arup & Partners
- **main contractor**: Datem, Inc.
- **number of restaurants**: 3 (hotel)
- **number of rooms**: 461 (hotel)
- **floors**: 66
- **highest prev**: PBCom Tower
- **highest start**: 2017
- **highest region**: the Philippines
- **hotel chain**: Hyatt (Grand Hyatt Manila)
Wilhelm, German Crown Prince

**Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, Crown Prince of Prussia** (; 6 May 1882 – 20 July 1951) was the eldest child of the Wilhelm II, the last German Emperor and Empress Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein. As heir, he was the last crown prince of the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia, until the abolition of the monarchy.

Wilhelm became crown prince at the age of six in 1888, when his grandfather Frederick III died and his father became emperor. He was crown prince for 30 years until the German Revolution. During World War I, he commanded the 5th Army from 1914 to 1916 and was commander of the Army Group German Crown Prince for the remainder of the war. After his return to Germany in 1923, he fought the Weimar Republic and campaigned for the reintroduction of the monarchy in Germany.

After his plans to become president had been blocked by his father, Wilhelm supported Adolf Hitler's rise to power, but when Wilhelm realised that Hitler had no intention of restoring the monarchy, their relationship cooled. Wilhelm became head of the House of Hohenzollern in June 1941 following the death of his father and held the position until his own death in July 1951.

## Honours

- German honours

- Foreign honours

- Foreign military appointments

- During a visit to Russia in January 1903 he was appointed Honorary Colonel of the Little Russian Dragoon Regiment No. 40.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Wilhelm
- **full name**: Friedrich Wilhelm Victor August Ernst
- **title**: German Empire, German Crown Prince
 Kingdom of Prussia, Crown Prince of Prussia
- **image**: File:Kronprinz Wilhelm 1. Leib-Husarenregiment.jpg
- **caption**: Crown Prince Wilhelm in 1913
- **succession**: House of Hohenzollern, Head of the House of Hohenzollern
 List of monarchs of Prussia, Prince of Prussia
- **reign**: 4 June 1941 – 20 July 1951
- **reign-type**: Tenure
- **predecessor**: Wilhelm II, German Emperor, Wilhelm II
- **successor**: Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia, Louis Ferdinand
- **house**: House of Hohenzollern, Hohenzollern
- **religion**: Lutheranism (Prussian Union of Churches, Prussian United)
- **birth place**: Marmorpalais, Potsdam, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
- **death place**: Hechingen, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, West Germany
- **burial date**: 26 July 1951
- **burial place**: Hohenzollern Castle, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, West Germany
- **father**: Wilhelm II, German Emperor
- **mother**: Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein
Oxygenate

An **oxygenate** is a type of chemical added to liquid fuels like gasoline. They contain oxygen, and help make the fuel burn completely. This reduces soot and smog produced by incomplete combustion. Most oxygenates are alcohols or ethers. Gasoline with added oxygenates is sometimes called **reformulated gasoline** or **oxygenated gasoline**.

Important oxygenates include ethanol and ethyl _tert_-butyl ether.
Champapuri

**Champapuri**, **Champa Nagri** or **Champanagar** is a neighbourhood in Bhagalpur in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the site of the ancient city of Champa, the capital of the Anga Mahajanapada. It is also the main centre of capital of cultural region of  Anga.

## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Shri Champapuri Tirth
- **native name**: श्री चम्पापुरी तीर्थ्
- **native name lang**: hi
- **religious affiliation**: Jainism
- **image**: File:Champapuri Mural - Krishnabai temple, Shri Mahavirji.jpg
- **caption**: Champapuri Mural at Krishnabai temple, Shri Mahavirji
- **location**: Bhagalpur, Bhagalpur City, Bihar
- **deity**: Vasupujya
- **festivals**: Mahamastakabhisheka, Mahavir Jayanti
- **temple quantity**: 12
Mizo language

Mizo is a language from the Tibeto-Burman family. It is mostly spoken in the Indian state of Mizoram, where it is both the official language and the most commonly used one. The Mizo people speak this language as their mother tongue, and even those from Mizo communities living outside Mizoram also use it.

Besides Mizoram, Mizo is also spoken in other parts of India like Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, and Assam. Outside India, people speak Mizo in the Sagaing Region and Chin State of Myanmar, and in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh.

The language is mainly based on the Lusei dialect, but it also includes words from other Mizo clans such as Hmar, Pawi, and others. This gives the language a mix of vocabulary from different Mizo groups.

The language is also known as **Duhlian** and **Lushai**, a colonial term, as the Duhlian people were the first among the Mizo people to be encountered by the British in the course of their colonial expansion.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Mizo
- **nativename**: or
- **region**: *Mizoram, India
*Chin State and Sagaing Region, Languages of Myanmar, Myanmar
*Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
*Other regions inhabited by the Mizo diaspora
- **ethnicity**: Mizo people, Mizo
- **speakers**: 1,000,000+
- **date**: 2011–2022
- **familycolor**: Sino-Tibetan
- **fam2**: Tibeto-Burman languages, Tibeto-Burman
- **fam3**: Central Tibeto-Burman languages, Central Tibeto-Burman (?)
- **fam4**: Kuki-Chin-Naga languages, Kuki-Chin-Naga
- **fam5**: Kuki-Chin languages, Kuki-Chin
- **fam6**: Central Kuki-Chin languages, Central
- **script**: Latin script, Latin (Mizo alphabet)
Bengali-Assamese script
- **nation**: Mizoram (India)
- **iso2**: lus
- **iso3**: lus
- **glotto**: lush1249
- **glottorefname**: Mizo
- **map**: File:Mizo Language Distribution Map.png
- **map2**: Lang Status 80-VU.svg
Bhakti

***Bhakti*** (; Pali: _bhatti_) means love, devotion, trust, or worship. It is a word used in many Indian religions to describe a strong emotional connection or devotion to something sacred. In these religions, Bhakti can mean loving devotion to a personal god, such as Krishna, Shiva, or Devi. It can also refer to devotion to a formless spiritual reality, like Nirguna Brahman in Hinduism or the concept of God in Sikhism. In some cases, Bhakti is shown toward enlightened beings, such as a Buddha, a bodhisattva, or a guru. Bhakti is usually full of emotion and feeling, and it often reflects a close and personal relationship between the devotee (the person showing devotion) and the divine or sacred figure they love and worship.

One of the earliest appearances of the term is found in the early Buddhist _Theragatha_ (_Verses of the Elders_). In ancient texts such as the _Shvetashvatara Upanishad_, the term simply means participation, devotion and love for any endeavor, while in the _Bhagavad Gita_, it connotes one of the possible paths of spirituality and towards moksha, as in _bhakti marga_.

The idea of Bhakti, or loving devotion to God, has deeply influenced Indian culture and religion. Many popular religious texts and saint-poets were inspired by Bhakti. One famous example is the Bhagavata Purana, a text focused on Lord Krishna, which is closely connected to the Bhakti movement in Hinduism.

Bhakti is not limited to Hinduism. It also appears in other religions practiced in India, such as Sikhism, where a form called Nirguni Bhakti is common. This type of devotion is directed toward a God without any form or physical qualities. Bhakti has even influenced how Christianity and Hinduism have interacted in modern times.

Outside of India, emotional devotion similar to Bhakti is seen in some Buddhist traditions in Southeast Asia and East Asia, showing how powerful and widespread this spiritual idea has become.

The term also refers to a movement, pioneered by the Tamil Alvars and Nayanars, that developed around the gods Vishnu (Vaishnavism), Shiva (Shaivism) and Devi (Shaktism) in the second half of the 1st millennium CE.

Devotional elements similar to bhakti have been part of various world religions throughout human history. Devotional practices are found in Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and Judaism.
ShareChat

**ShareChat** (शेयरचैट) is a social media platform from India. It is owned by a company called Mohalla Tech, which is based in Bangalore. ShareChat was started by Ankush Sachdeva, Bhanu Pratap Singh, and Farid Ahsan, and the company was officially formed on 8 January 2015.

ShareChat is popular because it lets people use the app in 15 different Indian languages, making it easy for many users across the country to connect. Today, it has more than 350 million people using it every month. The company is now valued at $5 billion.

## Infobox (software)

- **title**: ShareChat
- **developer**: Mohalla Tech
- **ver layout**: stacked
- **language count**: 15
- **license**: Freeware
Koo

**Koo** was an Indian microblogging and social media platform, similar to Twitter. It was owned by a company called Bombinate Technologies, based in Bangalore. The app was co-founded by two Indian entrepreneurs, Aprameya Radhakrishna and Mayank Bidawatka.

Koo was launched in early 2020 and quickly gained attention. It became more popular after winning the Indian government's Atmanirbhar App Innovation Challenge, a contest that picked the best apps from about 7,000 entries across India. The app was part of efforts to promote local, made-in-India digital platforms.

As of November 2022, the company was valued at over $275 million. Investors in Bombinate Technologies include Tiger Global Management, Blume Ventures, Kalaari Capital and Accel, and former Infosys CFO TV Mohandas Pai's 3one4 Capital.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Koo
- **company type**: Privately held company, Private
- **native clients**: iOS, Android (operating system), Android, Internet, Web
- **language**: Multilingualism, Multilingual
- **location**: Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- **launched**: 2020
- **country of origin**: India
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **owner**: Koo Corporation Pvt Ltd
- **key people**: Aprameya Radhakrishna (CEO)
- **num employees**: 200 (September 2021)
- **advertising**: Yes
- **commercial**: Yes
- **registration**: Optional
- **num users**: 60 million (November 2022)
- **current status**: Defunct
Go First

**Go First**, founded as **GoAir**, was an Indian low-cost airline based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Owned by the Indian business conglomerate Wadia Group, it commenced operations on 4 November 2005 and operated a fleet of Airbus A320 aircraft in an all-economy configuration.

In 2021, the airline had planned to raise ₹36 billion (around US$470 million) by launching an Initial Public Offering (IPO). However, in 2023, the airline ran into major problems because of issues with the availability of Pratt & Whitney engines, which powered all of its A320 aircraft. These engine problems made it hard for the airline to run its flights properly.

As a result, the airline stopped all operations on 3 May 2023. It then filed for voluntary insolvency with the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), which is the authority in India that deals with cases related to companies that are unable to pay their debts.

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Go First
- **iata**: G8
- **icao**: GOW
- **callsign**: GO AIR
- **fleet size**: 53
- **parent**: Wadia Group
- **headquarters**: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- **key people**: Bhisham Bharadwaj (Chairman)
The Wire (India)

***The Wire*** is an Indian nonprofit news and opinion website. It was founded in 2015 by Siddharth Varadarajan, Sidharth Bhatia, and M. K. Venu. It is one of the independent news outlets in India, not controlled by the government. Over the years, it has faced several defamation lawsuits, often filed by businessmen and politicians in response to its reporting.

## History

The Wire was founded on 11 May 2015. It was started by Siddharth Varadarajan, Sidharth Bhatia, and M. K. Venu. Later it became part of the Foundation for Independent Journalism. The Independent and Public Spirited Media Foundation also gave money to the project.

In 2020, The Wire joined Progressive International, a group of progressive media organisations from around the world.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: _The Wire_
- **logo**: Wirelogo.svg
- **commercial**: No
- **type**: Journalism, news, analysis
- **owner**: Foundation for Independent Journalism (FIJ)
- **location**: First Floor, 13 Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg
Gole Market
New Delhi, DL 110001
India
A. K. Antony

**Arackaparambil Kurien Antony** (born 28 December 1940) is an Indian lawyer, attorney and statesman who served as the Minister of Defence of India from 2006 to 2014, making him the longest serving Defence Minister in India. He previously served as the 6th Chief Minister of Kerala from 1977 to 1978, 1995 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2004. He currently serves as the Chairman of the Disciplinary Action Committee of the All India Congress Committee, Congress Working Committee, and member of the Congress Core Group and Central Election Committee.

He has served as the Chief Minister of Kerala three times and still holds the record for being the youngest person to become Chief Minister, taking office at the age of 36. From 1996 to 2001, he was the Leader of the Opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly. Earlier, between 1993 and 1995, he was the Minister for Civil Supplies, and during 1994 to 1995, he also worked as the Treasurer of the All India Congress Committee.

He was a Member of the Rajya Sabha from 1985 to 1995 and again from 2005 to 2022. He was also elected five times to the Kerala Legislative Assembly. He represented the Cherthala constituency in 1970, 1996, and 2001, Kazhakootam in 1977, and Tirurangadi in 1995.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: A. K. Antony
- **image**: AK Antony at Ponnani.jpg
- **caption**: A. K. Antony in 2009
- **office1**: 23rd Minister of Defence (India), Union Minister of Defence
- **primeminister1**: Manmohan Singh
- **termstart1**: 26 October 2006
- **termend1**: 26 May 2014
- **predecessor1**: Pranab Mukherjee
- **successor1**: Arun Jaitley
- **office2**: Chief Minister of Kerala
- **termstart2**: 17 May 2001
- **termend2**: 29 August 2004
- **predecessor2**: E. K. Nayanar
- **successor2**: Oommen Chandy
- **birth name**: Arackaparambil Kurien Antony
- **birth place**: Cherthala, Travancore
(present day Alappuzha district, Kerala, India)
- **party**: Indian National Congress
Indian National Congress (Urs), Indian National Congress-Urs
Congress (A), Indian National Congress-A
- **nationality**: Indian nationality, Indian
- **spouse**: Elizabeth Antony
- **children**: Anil K Antony
Ajith Antony
- **alma mater**: Maharaja's College, Ernakulam
Government Law College, Ernakulam
Diborane

**Diborane** is a chemical compound made from boron and hydrogen. It has the chemical formula . It has an unusual chemical structure that led to the discovery of three-center two-electron bonds by Christopher Longuet-Higgins. This theory was expanded by William Lipscomb, who used it to improve theories of chemical bonds in general, eventually winning the 1976 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Aufheben

***Aufheben*** is the twelfth studio album by The Brian Jonestown Massacre. The album was released on May 1, 2012.

## Track listing

1. "Panic in Babylon" – 4:39
1. "Viholliseni Maalla" – 4:37
1. "Gaz Hilarant" – 2:41
1. "Illuminomi" – 3:49
1. "I Want to Hold Your Other Hand" – 4:29
1. "Face Down on the Moon" – 5:08
1. "The Clouds Are Lies" – 3:21
1. "Stairway to the Best Party in the Universe" – 4:21
1. "Seven Kinds of Wonderful" – 5:21
1. "Waking Up to Hand Grenades" – 5:34
1. "Blue Order / New Monday" – 7:09
Deaconess

A **deaconess** is a woman who performs certain functions in the Church. Certain Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Ortohdox Churches have created this role. Unlike men, deaconesses are not ordained. They see their role in pastoral care, and ofteen they also have a limited role during the liturgy. So far, the Roman Catholic Church does not have this role for women, but therehave been discussons in the past, if it should be created.
Domus Sanctae Marthae

The **Domus Sanctae Marthae** (Latin for **Saint Martha's House**; ) is a building adjacent to St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. In 2013, Pope Francis chose it as his residence instead of using the usual papal apartment in the Vatican Apostolic Palace.

## History

The Domus Sanctae Marthae was originally a care facility for the sick, established by Pope Leo XIII in 1881 during a cholera outbreak in Rome. Later, during World War II, Pope Pius XII used it as a refuge for Jews and diplomats.

In 1996, Pope John Paul II designated it as a residence for cardinals during the conclave, along with the Sistine Chapel.

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Domus Sanctae Marthae
- **image**: Domus Sanctae Marthae from the Dome of St. Peter's.jpg
- **caption**: The Domus Sanctae Marthae seen from the dome of St. Peter's Basilica
- **building type**: Residence, guest house
- **architectural style**: Modern
- **location country**: Vatican City
- **map type**: Vatican
- **map caption**: Location on a map of Vatican City
- **owner**: The Holy See
The Secret of the Shiledars

***The Secret of the Shiledars*** is an Indian Hindi-language mystery thriller television series directed by Aditya Sarpotdar. Produced by Nitin Vaidya under Dashami Creations, it stars Rajeev Khandelwal and Sai Tamhankar. The series premiered on 31 January 2025 on JioHotstar.

## Cast

- Rajeev Khandelwal
- Sai Tamhankar
- Gaurav Amlani
- Ashish Vidyarthi
- Dilip Prabhavalkar

## Production

The series was announced on JioHotstar. It is based on Prakāśa Suryakānta Koyāḍe's _Pratipaschandra_. Rajeev Khandelwal, Sai Tamhankar, Gaurav Amlani and Ashish Vidyarthi were cast to appear in the series. The filming took place in Badami Caves and Raigad Fort.

## Release

The teaser was released on 27 December 2024 and the trailer was released on 20 January 2025.

The series was made available to stream on JioHotstar on 31 January 2025.

## Reception

A critic from _Eenadu_ and _Hindustan Times_ reviewed the series.

## Other websites

- _The Secret of the Shiledars_ on JioHotstar

## Infobox (television)

- **name**: The Secret of the Shiledars
- **director**: Aditya Sarpotdar
- **country**: India
- **language**: Hindi
- **num episodes**: 6
- **producer**: Nitin Vaidya
- **camera**: Multi-camera
- **runtime**: 30–42 minutes
- **company**: Dashami Creations
- **network**: Disney+ Hotstar, JioHotstar
Alejandro Sanz

**Alejandro Sánchez Pizarro** (Born, December 18, 1968), known artistically as **Alejandro Sanz**, is a Spanish singer-songwriter and composer.

## Personal life

Sanz was married to Mexican model and actress Jaydy Michel. Their marriage took place in Bali on December 30, 1999, but was not legally recognized in either of the couple's countries of origin. They have a daughter together, Manuela Sánchez Michel, born in Madrid in 2001. Sanz and Michel divorced in 2005.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2003|_Celebridade_|Musical Guest|
|2015|_A que no me dejas_|Musical Guest|
|2018|_Lo Que Fui es Lo Que Soy_|Documental|

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Alejandro Sanz
- **image**: Goyas_2025_-_Alejandro_Sanz_(cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Sanz in 2025
- **birth name**: Alejandro Sánchez Pizarro
- **birth place**: Madrid, Spain
- **years active**: 1988–present
Yacht racing

**Yacht racing** is a sport where sailboats, called yachts, race against each other. These boats use wind to move and do not have engines. Races can happen near the shore or across long distances in the ocean.

## Rules

In yacht racing, boats compete to finish a course as fast as possible. The course is marked by buoys or other signs. Some races are short and happen near the coast. Others are long and go across the sea or ocean. Races can be just one event or a series of races.

Boats come in different sizes and speeds. To make races fair, a system called a "handicap" is used. This system adjusts the finish times based on the boat's design. This way, slower boats can still compete fairly with faster ones.

Yacht races follow the Racing Rules of Sailing. These rules help keep races safe and fair. They are updated every four years by World Sailing.

## Types of races

- **Inshore** **races**: these happen close to land. An example is the America's Cup, which started in 1851.
- **Offshore** **races**: these are longer and go out to sea. The Sydney to Hobart Race in Australia is one of them.

- **Around-the-world races**: these are very long and circle the globe. The Ocean Race is an example.
Racing Rules of Sailing

**Racing Rules of Sailing** (often called **RRS**) are rules for sailing races. They are used in many kinds of races, such as yacht racing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, model boats, and dinghy racing. These rules are for races with more than one boat using wind power.

World Sailing, the group that manages sailing worldwide, updates the rules every four years after the Olympic Games.

## Main rules

There are 15 main rules about how boats must act when they meet on the water.

### Four main rules

1. A boat on port tack must stay out of the way of a boat on starboard tack.
1. If boats are next to each other on the same tack, the boat closer to the wind must stay clear.
1. If boats are on the same tack but not side by side, the boat behind must stay clear.
1. A boat that is turning (tacking) must stay out of the way of boats not turning.

### Extra limits

1. Even if you have the right of way, you must try to avoid a crash.
1. If you gain right of way, you must give the other boat time to move.
1. If you change direction, you must let the other boat keep clear.
1. If you are passing to leeward, you must not sail higher than your proper course.

### Other rules

There are also rules about marks and obstacles, starting mistakes, taking penalties, sailing backwards, and capsizing.
Windward and leeward

**Windward and leeward** are words that show direction in relation to the wind. Windward means the direction the wind is coming from. Leeward means the direction the wind is going to.

On a ship, the side facing away from the wind is called the lee side. Mountains also have windward and leeward sides. The windward side of a mountain gets more rain because the wind brings moist air. The leeward side is usually drier.

## Usage

Windward and leeward are important for sailing, wind-surfing, gliding, and parachuting. People also use _upwind_ and _downwind_, which mean the same thing.

### In sailing

In sailing, the windward boat is more flexible. Because of this, sailing rules say the windward boat must give way to the leeward boat when they are going the same direction.

### In naval battles

In old naval battles, ships tried to stay on the windward side. This gave them more control. Square-rigged ships could not sail well upwind, so they wanted the windward position. When cannons were used, this was even more important. A ship on the leeward side tilted more, making it easier to hit.

### In geography

People also use windward and leeward when talking about islands. The windward side of an island faces the wind and gets more rain. The leeward side is sheltered and usually drier. In a group of islands (archipelago), the windward islands are the ones facing the wind. The leeward islands are behind them, away from the wind.
Rebel Heart (IVE Song)

"**Rebel Heart**" is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Ive for their third Korean extended play _Ive Empathy_. It was released as the EP's first single on January 13, 2025, by Starship Entertainment.

## Background and release

On December 24, 2024, Starship Entertainment announced that Ive would be releasing their third Korean extended play titled _Ive Empathy_ on February 3, 2025. It was also announced that "Rebel Heart" would be pre-released on January 13, 2025. On January 5, 2025, the concept trailer was released, followed by the concept film four days later. On January 12, the music video teaser was released. The song was released alongside its music video on January 13.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Rebel Heart
- **cover**: Ive - Rebel Heart logo.png
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Ive (group), Ive
- **ep**: Ive Empathy
- **language**: Korean
- **length**: 3:08
- **label**: * Starship Entertainment, Starship
* Kakao Entertainment, Kakao
* Columbia Records, Columbia
- **composer**: * Emily Harbakk
* Ryan S. Jhun
* Thomas Gustafsson
* Jimmy Jansson
* Maia Wright
* Jack Brady
* Jordan Roman
- **lyricist**: Nietzsche
- **chronology**: Ive (group), Ive
- **prev title**: Supernova Love
- **prev year**: 2024
- **next title**: Attitude (Ive song), Attitude
- **next year**: 2025