juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
2015–16 NHL season

The **2015–16 NHL season** was the 99th season of operation (98th season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL). Thirty teams competed. There were 82 games in the regular season from October 7, 2015 to April 10, 2016.

The 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs began on April 13, 2016 and ended June 12. The Pittsburgh Penguins won their fourth Stanley Cup. None of the seven Canadian-based teams qualified for the playoffs. The only other time in league history with no Canadian teams in the playoffs was in 1970.

## Other websites

- NHL.com

## Infobox (sports season)

- **title**: 2015–16 NHL season
- **league**: National Hockey League
- **sport**: Ice hockey
- **duration**: October 7, 2015 – June 12, 2016
- **no of games**: 82
- **no of teams**: 30
- **tv**: Hockey Night in Canada, CBC, NHL on Sportsnet, Sportsnet, TVA Sports (Canada)
Wednesday Night Rivalry, NBCSN, NHL on NBC, NBC, CNBC#Non-business programming, CNBC, NHL on USA, USA (United States)
- **draft**: Draft
- **draft link**: 2015 NHL Entry Draft
- **top pick link**: List of first overall NHL draft picks
- **top pick**: Connor McDavid
- **picked by**: Edmonton Oilers
- **season**: Regular season
- **season champ name**: Presidents' Trophy
- **season champs**: Washington Capitals
- **mvp**: Patrick Kane (Chicago Blackhawks, Blackhawks)
- **mvp link**: Hart Memorial Trophy
- **top scorer**: Patrick Kane (Blackhawks)
- **top scorer link**: Art Ross Trophy
- **playoffs**: Playoffs
- **playoffs link**: 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs
- **finals**: Stanley Cup
- **finals link**: 2016 Stanley Cup Finals
- **finals champ**: Pittsburgh Penguins
- **finals runner-up**: San Jose Sharks
- **playoffs mvp**: Sidney Crosby (Pittsburgh Penguins, Penguins)
- **playoffs mvp link**: Conn Smythe Trophy
- **nextseason year**: 2016–17 NHL season, 2016–17
- **prevseason year**: 2014–15 NHL season, 2014–15
- **seasonslist**: List of NHL seasons
- **seasonslistnames**: NHL
Bagnes

**Bagnes** was a municipality in Entremont in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021, the former municipalities of Bagnes and Vollèges merged to form the new municipality of Val de Bagnes.

## Villages

Val de Bagnes, Bruson, Champsec, Cotterg, Fionnay, Le Châble, Les Morgnes, Lourtier, Medières, Mauvoisin, Montagnier, Prarreyer, Sarreyer, Verbier, Versegères and Villette

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bagnes
- **image photo**: Cotterg.jpg
- **municipality name**: Bagnes
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bagnes COA.svg
- **image caption**: Cotterg, a village of Bagnes.
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Entremont (district), Entremont
- **postal code**: 1934 (Le Châble)
- **municipality code**: 6031
- **area**: 282.3
- **elevation**: 820
- **elevation description**: Le Châble
- **population**: 6538
- **populationof**: December 2002
- **popofyear**: 2002
- **website**: www.bagnes.ch
- **mayor**: Eloi Rossier
- **places**: Val de Bagnes, Bruson, Champsec, Cotterg, Fionnay, Le Châble, Les  Morgnes, Lourtier, Medières, Mauvoisin, Montagnier, Prarreyer, Sarreyer, Verbier, Versegères, Villette
- **neighboring municipalities**: Vollèges, Sembrancher, Saxon, Switzerland, Saxon VS, Riddes, Nendaz, Hérémence, Evolène, .. (Italy), Bourg-Saint-Pierre, Liddes, Orsières
Verbier

**Verbier** is a village in southwestern Switzerland in the canton of Valais. It is a holiday resort and ski area of the Swiss Alps and is recognized as one of the premiere "off-piste" resorts in the world.

Verbier is in the municipality of Bagnes, in the Swiss canton of Valais. The village lies on a south oriented terrace at around 1,500 metres facing the Grand Combin massif. The terrace lies on the east side of the Val de Bagnes, a valley located south of Martigny.

## Other websites

- Official website
Piezoelectricity

**Piezoelectric** material generates a small electrical voltage, when its shape is deformed. This can be by as little as a 0.09% change, and can produce 12mAh worth of electricity at 230V (standard power output). It is important to note that the actual values of a piezoelectric material's volume or surface area do not change, as only the ratios of each axis (x, y and z) that are altered. E.g. a cuboid with 20 meters cubed volume can have the normal dimensions 1 meter by 2 meters by 10 meters, and the deformed dimensions 2 meters by 2.5 meters by 4 meters; the volume would remain the same, .

When processed, the piezoelectric crystal become sharper as they get refined through heating and cooling. This process makes the material much more sensitive to changes in pressure, as well as increases their resistance to compressive stress that would impede its ability to function.

## Related pages

- Crystal oscillator
- Pierre Curie
Bourg-Saint-Pierre

**Bourg-Saint-Pierre** (German name: _St. Petersburg_) is a municipality of the district of Entremont in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bourg-Saint-Pierre
- **municipality name**: Bourg-Saint-Pierre
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bourg-Saint-Pierre COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Bourg-Saint-Pierre.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Entremont (district), Entremont
- **postal code**: 1946
- **municipality code**: 6032
- **area**: 90.1
- **elevation**: 1632
- **population**: 204
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **website**: www.bourg-saint-pierre.ch
- **mayor**: Gilbert Tornare
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bagnes, Etroubles (IT-AO), Liddes, Ollomont (IT-AO), Orsières, Saint-Oyen, Aosta Valley, Saint-Oyen (IT-AO), Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses (IT-AO)
Liddes

**Liddes** is a municipality of the district Entremont in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Villages

Liddes-Ville, Chandonne, Fontaine, Rive-Haute, Drance, Fornex, Les Moulins, Vichères, Chez-Petit and Palasui

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Liddes
- **municipality name**: Liddes
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Liddes COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Liddes.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Entremont (district), Entremont
- **postal code**: 1945
- **municipality code**: 6033
- **area**: 60.2
- **elevation**: 1346
- **population**: 724
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **popofyear**: 2002
- **website**: www.liddes.ch
- **mayor**: Jean-Laurent Dabellay
- **places**: Liddes-Ville, Chandonne, Fontaine, Rive-Haute, Drance, Fornex, Les Moulins, Vichères, Chez-Petit and Palasui
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bagnes, Bourg-Saint-Pierre, Orsières
Orsières

**Orsières** is a municipality of the district of Entremont in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Villages

Branche, Chamoille, Champex-Lac, Chez-les-Addy-Maligue, Chez-les-Giroud, Chez-les-Reuses, Commeire, Issert, La Douay, La Fouly, La Rosière, Le Biolley, Les Archales, Orsières, Prassurny, Prayon, Praz-de-Fort, Reppaz, Somplaroz, Soulalex and Verlonnaz.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Orsières
- **municipality name**: Orsières
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Orsières COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Orsières.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Entremont (district), Entremont
- **postal code**: 1937
- **municipality code**: 6034
- **area**: 165.0
- **elevation**: 887
- **population**: 2736
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **popofyear**: 2002
- **website**: www.orsieres.ch
- **mayor**: Jean-François Thétaz
- **places**: Branche, Chamoille, Champex-Lac, Chez-les-Addy-Maligue, Chez-les-Giroud, Chez-les-Reuses, Commeire, Issert, La Douay, La Fouly, La Rosière, Le Biolley, Les Archales, Orsières, Prassurny, Prayon, Praz-de-Fort, Reppaz, Somplaroz, Soulalex and Verlonnaz
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bagnes, Bourg-Saint-Pierre, Bovernier, Chamonix-Mont-Blanc (FR-74), Courmayeur (IT-AO), Liddes, Martigny-Combe, Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses (IT-AO), Sembrancher, Trient, Switzerland, Trient
Yvan Cournoyer

**Yvan Serge "The Roadrunner" Cournoyer** (born November 22, 1943) is a retired Canadian hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens from 1963 to 1979.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Yvan Cournoyer.jpg
- **caption**: Cournoyer at the 2008 Legends Classic game.
- **image size**: 175px
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 7
- **weight lb**: 172
- **played for**: Montreal Canadiens
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **birth place**: Drummondville, Quebec, QC, Canada, CAN
- **career start**: 1963
- **career end**: 1979
- **halloffame**: 1982
2015–16 Euro Hockey Tour

The **2015–16 Euro Hockey Tour** is the 20th season of **Euro Hockey Tour**. It started on 5 November 2015 and lasted until 30 April 2016. It consisted of Karjala Cup, Channel One Cup and Euro Hockey Tour Games. Sweden won the tournament.

## Total standings

<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>

## Karjala Cup

The Karjala Cup was played between 5–8 November 2015. Five of the matches were played in Helsinki, Finland, and one match in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. Tournament was won by Sweden.
<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>

## Channel One Cup

The Channel One Cup was played between 17–20 December 2015. Five of the matches were played in Russia, and one match in Czech Republic. Tournament was won by Czech Republic.
<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>

## Euro Hockey Tour Games

<small>_All times are local._</small>

## Other websites

- Official Site of European Hockey Tour

## Infobox (international ice hockey competition)

- **tourney name**: Euro Hockey Tour
- **year**: 2015–16
- **size**: 150px
- **dates**: 5 November.
- **num teams**: 4
- **winners**: Sweden
- **second**: Finland
- **third**: Czech Republic
- **fourth**: Russia
- **games**: 24
- **goals**: 132
- **scoring leader**: Vadim Shipachyov
- **points**: 10
- **prevseason**: 2014–15 Euro Hockey Tour, 2014–15
- **nextseason**: 2016–17 Euro Hockey Tour, 2016–17
2015 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia

The **2015 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia** became the 8th IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia, an annual international ice hockey tournament held by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It took place between 14 and 19 March 2015 in Taipei City, Chinese Taipei.

## Top Division

<big>**Participants**</big>
|Team|2014 Results|
| --- | --- |
||**Host**, Won gold medal in 2014|
||Won silver medal in 2014|
||Won bronze medal in 2014|
||4th place in 2014|
||Winner of Division I in 2014|

### Preliminary round

|width=40||width=165|Team|width=40||width=40||width=40||width=40||width=40||width=40||width=40||width=40||width=40||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1||4|4|0|0|0|52|6|+46|**12**||||||||||||
|2||4|3|0|0|1|22|8|+14|**9**||||||||||||
|3||4|2|0|0|2|17|17|0|**6**||||||||||||
|4||4|1|0|0|3|8|21|−13|**3**||||||||||||
|5||4|0|0|0|4|2|49|−47|**0**||||||||||||

## Division I

The Division I competition will played between 18 and 25 April 2015 in Kuwait City, Kuwait.

<big>**Participants**</big>
|Team|2014 Results|
| --- | --- |
||**Host**, 6th in Top Division in 2014|
||2nd in Division I in 2014|
||3rd in Division I in 2014|
||4th in Division I in 2014|
||Did not participate in 2014|
||No previous participation|

### Preliminary round

|width=40||width=165|Team|width=40||width=40||width=40||width=40||width=40||width=40||width=40||width=40||width=40||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1||5|5|0|0|0|30|8|+22|**15**||||||||||||
|2||5|4|0|0|1|36|11|+25|**12**||||||||||||
|3||5|3|0|0|2|27|22|+5|**9**||||||||||||
|4||5|0|2|0|3|20|36|−16|**4**||||||||||||
|5||5|1|0|1|4|29|23|+6|**4**||||||||||||
|6||5|0|0|1|4|12|54|−42|**1**||||||||||||

## Other websites

- International Ice Hockey Federation

## Infobox (international ice hockey competition)

- **tourney name**: IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia
- **year**: 2015
- **size**: 150px
- **country**: Chinese Taipei
- **dates**: 14 – 19 March 2015
- **num teams**: 5
- **venues**: 1
- **cities**: 1
- **winners**: Chinese Taipei
- **count**: 5
- **games**: 10
- **goals**: 101
- **prevseason**: 2014 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia, 2014
- **nextseason**: 2016 IIHF Challenge Cup of Asia, 2016
2016–17 NLA season

The **2016–17 National League A season** is the tenth ice hockey season of Switzerland's top hockey league, the National League A. Overall, it is the 79th season of Swiss professional hockey.

SC Bern is the defending champions.

## Teams

|Team|City|Arena|Capacity|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**HC Ambrì-Piotta**|Ambrì|Valascia|6,500|
|**SC Bern**|Bern|PostFinance-Arena|17,031|
|**EHC Biel**|Biel/Bienne|Tissot Arena|6,521|
|**HC Davos**|Davos|Vaillant Arena|6,800|
|**Fribourg-Gottéron**|Fribourg|BCF Arena|6,500|
|**Genève-Servette HC**|Geneva|Patinoire des Vernets|7,135|
|**EHC Kloten**|Kloten|Swiss Arena|7,719|
|**Lausanne HC**|Lausanne|CIG de Malley|7,600|
|**HC Lugano**|Lugano|Pista La Resega|7,800|
|**SCL Tigers**|Langnau im Emmental|Ilfis Stadium|6,000|
|**ZSC Lions**|Zürich|Hallenstadion|11,200|
|**EV Zug**|Zug|Bossard Arena|7,015|

## Coaching changes

On September 22, 2016, Fribourg-Gottéron's Gerd Zenhäusern was relieved of his duties of head coach after posting a 1-1-1-3 record through 6 games this season. It was later announced that Larry Huras would take over the job for the remainder of the season.

On October 1, 2016, the SCL Tigers fired head coach Scott Beattie after posting a 1-0-2-7 record through 10 games this season. He eventually went on to coach his final game that same day against EHC Kloten, which Langnau won 5-3. On October 2, 2016, it was announced that Heinz Ehlers would be Langnau's new head coach for the remainder of the season and through the 2017-18 season should the team stay in the NLA.

## Arenas

Lausanne is playing its final season at Malley before playing two seasons in a temporary arena which will be located in the old city's slaughterhouse. Meanwhile, their new 10,000-seat arena will be built on the site of the old Malley.

This is Fribourg's last season in the current BCF Arena before it undergoes major renovations in the spring of 2017, which will last for about two years and increase the capacity from 6,500 to 8,500. The team should still be able to play in the arena during the renovations.

## Infobox (sports season)

- **title**: 2016–17 National League A season
- **league**: National League A
- **sport**: Ice hockey
- **duration**: September 7, 2016 – February 25, 2017
- **no of games**: 50
- **no of teams**: 12
- **season**: Regular Season
- **season champ name**: Best Record
- **playoffs**: Playoffs
- **conf1**: Semi-Final
- **conf2**: Semi-Final
- **finals**: Swiss champion NLA
- **seasonslistnames**: National League A, NLA
- **prevseason link**: 2015–16 NLA season
- **prevseason year**: 2015–16
- **nextseason link**: 2017–18 NLA season
- **nextseason year**: 2017–18
John Gilliland

**John Sanford Gilliland, Jr.** (October 18, 1935 – July 27, 1998) spoke on the radio.  He made the _Pop Chronicles_ music documentary, which told the story of popular music in America.  He was an original member of The Credibility Gap comedy group.  He was born and died in  Quanah, Texas.  He worked for radio stations in Texas and California including KOGO in San Diego (1961–1965), KRLA 1110 in Los Angeles (1965–1970), and KSFO (AM) in San Francisco (1971–1978).

Gilliland worked on his radio documentary, _The Pop Chronicles_, for over two years.  He interviewed many famous musicians.  Then it was first broadcast in 1969. It covered popular music of the 1950s and 1960s. In 1969, KRLA and many other radio stations broadcast this show.  This show can now be heard online.

At KSFO in San Francisco, he also produced and broadcast, beginning in 1972, _The Pop Chronicles 40’s_.  This show is about the popular music of the 1940s.

He edited and in 1994 published _Pop Chronicles: the 40's_ as a four-cassette audiobook.  This book was also called _The Big Band Chronicles_.  When he was retired, he still worked for KREB in Houston and KXIC in Quanah.  He died in 1998.  In 2003, Gilliland's sister donated the Pop Chronicles tapes to the University of North Texas Music Library.  They form  The John Gilliland Collection.

## Recordings

- 1968: _An Album of Political Pornography_, with Lew Irwin and The Credibility Gap (Blue Thumb)
- 1994:  _Pop Chronicles the 40's: The Lively Story of Pop Music in the 40's_ (Mind's Eye)  . .

## Other websites

- [ The Pop Chronicles] (audio) from the University of North Texas Music Library
- Los Angeles Radio People, G
- Obituary from laradio.com
- The Man on the Beat: John Gilliland and The Pop Chronicles , 2008  Association for Recorded Sound Collections conference presentation by Andrew Justice and Jonathan Thorn (audio  & slides).
2017 IIHF World U18 Championships

The **2017 IIHF U18 World Championship** will be the 19th IIHF World U18 Championship, and will be hosted by Poprad and Spišská Nová Ves, Slovakia. The tournament will played 13 to 23 April 2017. Finland will enter the tournament as the defending champions.

### Preliminary round

|style="background:#ccffcc;width:22px"||Team qualified to Quarterfinals|
| --- | --- | --- |
|style="background:#ffcccc;"||Team will play in Relegation round|

### Division I A

The Division I A tournament will be played in Bled, Slovenia, from 7 to 13 April 2017.

|}

|style="background:#ccffcc;"|<small> Promoted to the 2018 Top Division </small>|
| --- | --- |
|style="background:#ffccff;"|<small> Relegated to the 2018 Division I B </small>|

### Division I B

The Division I B tournament will be played in Bled, Slovenia, from 15 to 21 April 2017.

|}

|style="background:#ccffcc;"|<small> Promoted to the 2018 Division I A </small>|
| --- | --- |
|style="background:#ffccff;"|<small> Relegated to the 2018 Division II A </small>|

### Division II A

The Division II A tournament will be played in Gangneung, South Korea, from 2 to 8 April 2017.

|}

|style="background:#ccffcc;"|<small> Promoted to the 2018 Division I B </small>|
| --- | --- |
|style="background:#ffccff;"|<small> Relegated to the 2018 Division II B </small>|

### Division II B

The Division II B tournament was played in Novi Sad, Serbia, from 13 to 19 March 2017.

|}

|style="background:#ccffcc;"|<small> Promoted to the 2018 Division II A </small>|
| --- | --- |
|style="background:#ffccff;"|<small> Relegated to the 2018 Division III A </small>|

### Division III A

The Division III A tournament will be played in Taipei, Taiwan, from 21 to 27 March 2017.

|}

|style="background:#ccffcc;"|<small> Promoted to the 2018 Division II B </small>|
| --- | --- |
|style="background:#ffccff;"|<small> Relegated to the 2018 Division III B </small>|

### Division III B

The Division III B tournament will be played in Querétaro, Mexico, from 17 to 19 March 2017.

|}

## Other websites

- IIHF.com

## Infobox (international ice hockey competition)

- **tourney name**: IIHF World U18 Championships
- **year**: 2017
- **country**: Slovakia
- **dates**: 13 – 23 April 2017
- **num teams**: 10
- **venues**: 2
- **cities**: 2
- **prevseason**: 2016 IIHF World U18 Championships, 2016
- **nextseason**: 2018 IIHF World U18 Championships, 2018
GNU Anubis

**GNU Anubis** is an outgoing mail processor. It goes between the Mail User Agent (MUA) and the Mail transport agent (MTA), and can perform various sorts of processing and conversion on the outgoing mail in accord with the sender's specified rules, based on a configurable regular expressions system. It operates as a proxy server, independently from mail user agents.

## Other websites

- GNU Anubis homepage

## Infobox (software)

- **status**: Active
2014–15 NHL season

The **2014–15 NHL season** was the 98th season of operation (97th season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Thirty teams competed. There were 82 games in the regular season from October 8, 2014 to June 15, 2015. The 2015 Stanley Cup playoffs began on April 15, 2015, and ended on June 15, 2015. The Chicago Blackhawks won the Stanley Cup.

## Other websites

- NHL.com

## Infobox (sports season)

- **title**: 2014–15 NHL season
- **league**: National Hockey League
- **sport**: Ice hockey
- **duration**: October 8, 2014 – June 15, 2015
- **no of games**: 82
- **no of teams**: 30
- **tv**: Hockey Night in Canada, CBC, NHL on Sportsnet, Sportsnet, TVA Sports (Canada)
Wednesday Night Rivalry, NBCSN, NHL on NBC, NBC, CNBC#Non-business programming, CNBC, NHL on USA, USA (United States)
- **draft**: Draft
- **draft link**: 2014 NHL Entry Draft
- **top pick link**: List of first overall NHL draft picks
- **top pick**: Aaron Ekblad
- **picked by**: Florida Panthers
- **season**: Regular season
- **season champ name**: Presidents' Trophy
- **season champs**: New York Rangers
- **mvp**: Carey Price (Montreal Canadiens, Canadiens)
- **mvp link**: Hart Memorial Trophy
- **top scorer**: Jamie Benn (Dallas Stars, Stars)
- **top scorer link**: Art Ross Trophy
- **playoffs**: Playoffs
- **playoffs link**: 2015 Stanley Cup playoffs
- **finals**: Stanley Cup
- **finals link**: 2015 Stanley Cup Finals
- **finals champ**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **finals runner-up**: Tampa Bay Lightning
- **playoffs mvp**: Duncan Keith (Chicago Blackhawks, Blackhawks)
- **playoffs mvp link**: Conn Smythe Trophy
- **nextseason year**: 2015–16 NHL season, 2015–16
- **prevseason year**: 2013–14 NHL season, 2013–14
- **seasonslistnames**: List of NHL seasons, NHL
2013 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships

The **7th IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships** took place in the SPART Complex in Goyang, South Korea from April 12 - 20, 2013. It was the first time that South Korea hosted the IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships. In the final, Canada defeated the United States 1-0, to win their third title. Russia defeated the Czech Republic 3-0 for the bronze medal.

## Infobox (international ice hockey competition)

- **tourney name**: IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships
- **year**: 2013
- **country**: South Korea
- **dates**: April 12 - 20, 2013
- **num teams**: 8
- **venues**: SPART Complex
- **winners**: Canada
- **games**: 20
- **prevseason**: 2012 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships, 2012
2013–14 NHL season

The **2013–14 NHL season** was the 97th season of operation (96th season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL).

This season had a realignment. The league's 30 teams changed from six divisions to four divisions. The regular season began October 1 and ended April 13. The 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs began April 16. For the first time since 1973, only one Canadian team made the playoffs: the Montreal Canadiens.

There was no all-star game this season, due to the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. Prior to the season, the NHL, International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) and Olympic officials reached an agreement to send NHL players to the Olympics game. The league took a break on February 9 and resumed play on February 25.

The new divisions are:

**Western Conference**
|style="background:#fdd; width:50%;"|Pacific Division|style="background:#ffe5b4; width:50%;"|Central Division|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Anaheim Ducks|Chicago Blackhawks|||
|Calgary Flames|Colorado Avalanche|||
|Edmonton Oilers|Dallas Stars|||
|Los Angeles Kings|Minnesota Wild|||
|Phoenix Coyotes|Nashville Predators|||
|San Jose Sharks|St. Louis Blues|||
|Vancouver Canucks|Winnipeg Jets|||

**Eastern Conference**
|style="background:#ddf; width:50%;"|Atlantic Division|style="background:#dfd; width:50%;"|Metropolitan Division|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Boston Bruins|Carolina Hurricanes|||
|Buffalo Sabres|Columbus Blue Jackets|||
|Detroit Red Wings|New Jersey Devils|||
|Florida Panthers|New York Islanders|||
|Montreal Canadiens|New York Rangers|||
|Ottawa Senators|Philadelphia Flyers|||
|Tampa Bay Lightning|Pittsburgh Penguins|||
|Toronto Maple Leafs|Washington Capitals|||

## Other websites

- NHL.com

## Infobox (sports season)

- **title**: 2013–14 NHL season
- **league**: National Hockey League
- **sport**: Ice hockey
- **duration**: October 1, 2013 – June 13, 2014
- **no of games**: 82
- **no of teams**: 30
- **tv**: Hockey Night in Canada, CBC, TSN Hockey, TSN, NHL on RDS, RDS (Canada)
Wednesday Night Rivalry, NBCSN, NHL on NBC, NBC, CNBC#Non-business_programming, CNBC (United States)
- **attendance**: 52,347,789
- **draft**: Draft
- **draft link**: 2013 NHL Entry Draft
- **top pick link**: List of first overall NHL draft picks
- **top pick**: Nathan MacKinnon
- **picked by**: Colorado Avalanche
- **season**: Regular season
- **season champ name**: Presidents' Trophy
- **season champs**: Boston Bruins
- **mvp**: Sidney Crosby (Pittsburgh Penguins, Penguins)
- **mvp link**: Hart Memorial Trophy
- **top scorer**: Sidney Crosby (Penguins)
- **top scorer link**: Art Ross Trophy
- **playoffs**: Playoffs
- **playoffs link**: 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs
- **finals**: Stanley Cup
- **finals link**: 2014 Stanley Cup Finals
- **finals champ**: Los Angeles Kings
- **finals runner-up**: New York Rangers
- **playoffs mvp**: Justin Williams (Los Angeles Kings, Kings)
- **playoffs mvp link**: Conn Smythe Trophy
- **nextseason year**: 2014–15 NHL season, 2014–15
- **prevseason year**: 2012–13 NHL season, 2012–13
- **seasonslistnames**: List of NHL seasons, NHL
2012–13 NHL season

The **2012–13 NHL season** was the 96th season of operation (95th season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL).

30 teams competed. There were 48 games. The regular season began on January 19, 2013 and ended on April 28, 2013. The season start was to begin on October 11, 2012 but was delayed due to the 2012–13 NHL lockout

The playoffs began on April 30, 2013. The Chicago Blackhawks won the Stanley Cup on June 24, 2013 after defeating the Boston Bruins in six games.

## Other websites

- NHL.com

## Infobox (sports season)

- **title**: 2012–13 NHL season
- **league**: National Hockey League
- **sport**: Ice hockey
- **duration**: January 19 – June 24, 2013
- **attendance**: 12,758,849
- **draft**: Draft
- **draft link**: 2012 NHL Entry Draft
- **top pick link**: List of first overall NHL draft picks
- **top pick**: Nail Yakupov
- **picked by**: Edmonton Oilers
- **season**: Regular season
- **season champ name**: Presidents' Trophy
- **season champs**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **mvp**: Alexander Ovechkin (Washington Capitals, Capitals)
- **mvp link**: Hart Memorial Trophy
- **top scorer**: Martin St. Louis (Tampa Bay Lightning, Lightning)
- **top scorer link**: Art Ross Trophy
- **playoffs**: Playoffs
- **playoffs link**: 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs
- **finals**: Stanley Cup
- **finals link**: 2013 Stanley Cup Finals
- **finals champ**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **finals runner-up**: Boston Bruins
- **playoffs mvp**: Patrick Kane (Chicago Blackhawks, Blackhawks)
- **playoffs mvp link**: Conn Smythe Trophy
- **nextseason year**: 2013–14 NHL season, 2013–14
- **prevseason year**: 2011–12 NHL season, 2011–12
- **seasonslistnames**: List of NHL seasons, NHL
- **no of games**: 48
- **no of teams**: 30
- **tv**: Hockey Night in Canada, CBC, TSN Hockey, TSN, NHL on RDS, RDS (Canada)
Wednesday Night Rivalry, NBCSN, NHL on NBC, NBC, CNBC#Non-business_programming, CNBC (United States)
2014 Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament

The **2014 Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament** was the first Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament, an annual event run by the Federación Deportiva de México de Hockey sobre Hielo. It took place in Mexico City, Mexico between March 2 and March 9, 2014. Canada won the tournament, winning all five of its game and defeating Mexico in the gold medal game. Colombia finished third place after defeating Argentina in the bronze medal game.

## Participants

- North America
- _(host)_

- South America

## Round-robin

||Advance to final round (Gold medal game)|
| --- | --- |
||Advance to final round (Bronze medal game)|
||Did not advance (Finish 5th place)|

- Standings
|width=40|Rk|width=165|Team|width=40|GP|width=40|W|width=40|OTW|width=40|OTL|width=40|L|width=40|GF|width=40|GA|width=40|+/–|width=40|Pts|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1||4|4|0|0|0|49|6|+43|12||||||||||||
|2||4|3|0|0|1|48|8|+40|9||||||||||||
|3||4|2|0|0|2|30|21|+9|6||||||||||||
|4||4|1|0|0|3|6|50|–44|3||||||||||||
|5||4|0|0|0|4|3|51|–48|0||||||||||||

- Schedules
<small>(UTC–06:00)</small>

## Final round

- Bronze medal game
<small>(UTC–06:00)</small>

- Gold medal game
<small>(UTC–06:00)</small>

- Final standings

|Rank|Team|
| --- | --- |
||****|
|4||
|5||

## Infobox (international hockey competition)

- **tourney name**: Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament
- **year**: 2014
- **country**: Mexico
- **dates**: 2–9 March
- **num teams**: 5
- **venues**: 1
- **cities**: 1
- **winners**: Canada
- **second**: Mexico
- **third**: Colombia
- **games**: 12
- **goals**: 153
- **scoring leader**: Carlos Gomez
- **points**: 21
- **nextseason**: 2015 Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament, 2015
2011–12 NHL season

The **2011–12 NHL season** was the 95th season of operation (94th season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL). Thirty teams competed. There were 82 games in the regular season from October 6, 2011 to April 7, 2012.

The 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs began on April 11, 2012. The Los Angeles Kings won the Stanley Cup.

During the off-season, the Atlanta Thrashers relocated to Winnipeg, Manitoba, to become the Winnipeg Jets.

## Other websites

- NHL.com

## Infobox (sports season)

- **title**: 2011–12 NHL season
- **league**: National Hockey League
- **sport**: Ice hockey
- **duration**: October 6, 2011 – June 11, 2012
- **draft**: Draft
- **draft link**: 2011 NHL Entry Draft
- **top pick link**: List of first overall NHL draft picks
- **top pick**: Ryan Nugent-Hopkins
- **picked by**: Edmonton Oilers
- **season**: Regular season
- **season champ name**: Presidents' Trophy
- **season champs**: Vancouver Canucks
- **mvp**: Evgeni Malkin (Pittsburgh Penguins, Penguins)
- **mvp link**: Hart Memorial Trophy
- **top scorer**: Evgeni Malkin (Penguins)
- **top scorer link**: Art Ross Trophy
- **playoffs**: Playoffs
- **playoffs link**: 2012 Stanley Cup playoffs
- **finals**: Stanley Cup
- **finals link**: 2012 Stanley Cup Finals
- **finals champ**: Los Angeles Kings
- **finals runner-up**: New Jersey Devils
- **playoffs mvp**: Jonathan Quick (Los Angeles Kings, Kings)
- **playoffs mvp link**: Conn Smythe Trophy
- **nextseason year**: 2012–13 NHL season, 2012–13
- **prevseason year**: 2010–11 NHL season, 2010–11
- **seasonslistnames**: List of NHL seasons, NHL
- **no of games**: 82
- **no of teams**: 30
- **tv**: Hockey Night in Canada, CBC, TSN Hockey, TSN, NHL on RDS, RDS (Canada)
NHL on NBC, NBCSN, NHL on NBC, NBC, CNBC#Non-business programming, CNBC (United States)
Hoek van Holland Haven metro station

**Hoek van Holland Haven**  (_Hook of Holland Harbour_) is a railway station in the Netherlands. Trains used to connect with the Stena Line Dutchflyer boat service  to Harwich International in England. This station is being converted into the Rotterdam Metro.  Buses replace trains.

## Infobox (station)

- **name**: Station Hoek van Holland Haven
- **style**: NS
- **image**: Hoek van Holland haven oostzijde.jpg
- **country**: Netherlands
- **line**: Rotterdam Centraal – Hoek van Holland Strand
- **platform**: 6
- **opened**: 1 June 1893
- **architect**: M.A. van Wadenoijen
- **closed**: 1 April 2017
- **electrified**: 1935
- **code**: Hld
- **operator**: Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS)
Dark web

The **dark web** is the world wide web content that exists on darknets. These are overlay networks which use the public  internet but need specific software, configurations or authorization to access.  The dark web is a small part of the deep web. The deep web is the part of the web not accessed by search engines. Sometimes the term "deep web" is wrongly used to refer to the dark web only.

The dark web includes small, friend-to-friend peer-to-peer networks, as well as large networks like Freenet, I2P, and Tor. Users of the dark web refer to the regular web as the clearnet because it is not encrypted. The Tor dark web may be referred to as **onionland**,
Vollèges

**Vollèges** was a municipality in Entremont in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021, the former municipalities of Bagnes and Vollèges merged to form the new municipality of Val de Bagnes.

## Villages

Vollèges, Le Levron, Chemin-Dessus, Vens, Etiez and Cries.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Vollèges
- **municipality name**: Vollèges
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Vollèges COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Vollèges.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Entremont (district), Entremont
- **postal code**: 1941
- **municipality code**: 6036
- **area**: 17.9
- **elevation**: 843
- **population**: 1427
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **popofyear**: 2002
- **website**: www.volleges.ch
- **mayor**: Christophe Maret
- **places**: Vollèges, Le Levron, Chemin-Dessus, Vens, Cries and Etiez
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bagnes, Bovernier, Charrat, Martigny, Switzerland, Martigny, Saxon, Switzerland, Saxon, Sembrancher
Bellwald

**Bellwald** is a municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bellwald
- **municipality name**: Bellwald
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bellwald COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Goms (district), Goms
- **postal code**: 3997
- **municipality code**: 6052
- **area**: 13.7
- **elevation**: 1560
- **population**: 452
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **popofyear**: 2002
- **website**: www.bellwald.ch
- **mayor**: Martin Bittel
- **neighboring municipalities**: Blitzingen, Ernen, Fiesch, Fieschertal, Grafschaft, Switzerland, Grafschaft, Niederwald, Switzerland, Niederwald
Forever (Brooke Valentine song)

"**Forever**" is a song by Brooke Valentine. It was released in February 2012. The song's video premiered on 106 & Park on February 22, 2012.

## Release history

|scope="col"|Country|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Format|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="2"|United States|February 14, 2012|Digital download|||
|April 10, 2012|Urban radio|||||

## Infobox (single)

- **name**: Forever
- **artist**: Brooke Valentine
- **released**: February 14, 2012
- **recorded**: 2011-12
- **genre**: Contemporary R&B, R&B, dance-pop, video game music
- **length**: 3:44
- **label**: Subliminal Entertainment, WWE Music Group, WWE Records, Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: James "Chip" Bunton, Erica Dymakkus, Brooke Valentine, Bernard "Jizzal Man" Leverette, Jamall "Pimpin" Willingham
- **producer**: C. Carroll Cole
Virtual image

In optics, a **virtual image** is an image formed when the outgoing rays from an object always diverge (move apart). A plane mirror forms a virtual image positioned behind the mirror. Light from the source only exists in front of the mirror. The image in a plane mirror appears to be as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror.

In contrast, a real image is one that is formed when the outgoing rays form a point converge at a real location. Real images can be projected onto a diffuse reflecting screen, but a screen is not necessary for the image to form.
Novolac

**Novolac** is a high type cyclic steroid hormone found in plants. The discovery of this substance led to creation of velox photographic paper which is an indigenous substance for making of print paper.
Marxism–Leninism

**Marxism–Leninism** was practiced by the Soviet Union (USSR) after the Bolshevik Revolution. It was also practiced by the Stalinists in the USSR.

The purpose of Marxism–Leninism is to turn a capitalist state into a socialist state. This is done by a revolution by the proletariat to overthrow the old government. The new government then creates a "dictatorship of the proletariat". This new government leads the country based on democratic centralism.

The communist party is supposed to lead society from capitalism to socialism.  According to ML, socialism was more "advanced" than capitalism, but communism would be more "advanced" than socialism.  Indeed, ML is supposed to provide only a first step: from capitalism to socialism, on the way to  a communist society with no class or state..

Today, the only remaining countries that claim adherence to Marxism–Leninism are: China, Cuba, Vietnam, and Laos, with North Korea moving to its own political philosophy, Juche, though the ideology was also influenced by Marxism–Leninism.

Lenin introduced the NEP in 1921 because Russia was in a state of collapse.

## Beliefs

Marxism–Leninism is an extension of Leninism. It developed as a form of Marxism with adaptations from the works and theories of Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin. Mao Zedong has also made contributions to Marxism–Leninism through Maoism.
Dairy farming

**Dairy farming** is a type of agriculture that is focused on producing milk. This is different from raising animals to produce meat. Milk can be used to produce dairy product<nowiki/>s, including cheese. Species commonly used are cows (also called dairy cows), goats, sheep and camels. Sometimes donkeys are used to produce an alternative to cows' milk for babies. Some babies can digest donkeys' milk better than cows' milk.

Producing milk has been part of farming since prehistoric times.  In the 20th century, farmers have become more specialized.  Some farmers started with farms that only produce milk.
Mambru Went to War

**Mambru Went to War** (_Mambrú se fue a la guerra_ in Spanish) is a 1986 Spanish dramatic-black comedy movie.  Fernando Fernán Gómez both directed and starred in the movie.

## Plot

The news of the death of Francisco Franco has special meaning to the family of Florentina. The family includes her daughter Encarna, her son Hilario, and her grandchildren Juanita and Manolín. At the same time, Florentina tells the rest of the family that her husband Emiliano is still alive. He was thought to have died in the Spanish Civil War. He actually spent the time hidden at their family home.

## Cast

- Fernando Fernán Gómez as Emiliano
- María Asquerino as Florentina
- Emma Cohen as Encarna
- Agustín González as Hilario
- Nuria Gallardo as Juanita
- Jorge Sanz as Manolín
- Alfonso del Real as the Mayor
- Francisco Vidal as Priest
- Mimí Muñoz as Sanctimonious
- María Luisa Ponte as Dña. Ramona

### 1st Goya Awards

|Candidate|Category|Result|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Fernando Fernán Gómez|Best leading actor||
|Agustín González|Best supporting actor||
|Pedro Beltrán|Best screenplay||

## Other websites

- Ficha en FilmAffinity
- Ficha en Fotogramas.es
- Ficha en decine21.com

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Mambrú se fue a la guerra (original title)
Mambru Went to War (English title)
- **director**: Fernando Fernán Gómez
- **producer**: Miguel Ángel Pérez Campos
- **writer**: Pedro Beltrán
- **starring**: Fernando Fernán Gómez
María Asquerino
Emma Cohen
Agustín González
- **music**: Carmelo A. Bernaola
- **cinematography**: José Luis Alcaine
- **editing**: Pablo González del Amo
- **distributor**: Divisa Home Video
Suevia Films
- **country**: Spain
- **language**: Spanish
Binn

**Binn** (Walliser German: _Bìi_) is a municipality of the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

The Binn valley is known for its rich mineral deposits, some types of which are unique to the area. The notable Lengenbach Quarry is in Binn.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Binn
- **municipality name**: Binn
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Binn COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Binn.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Goms (district), Goms
- **postal code**: 3996
- **municipality code**: 6054
- **area**: 65.0
- **elevation**: 1400
- **population**: 151
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **website**: www.binn.ch
- **mayor**: Beat Tenisch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Baceno (IT-VB), Ernen, Formazza (IT-VB), Grengiols, Reckingen-Gluringen
- **twintowns**: Urtenen-Schönbühl (Switzerland), Arbon (Switzerland)
Blitzingen

**Blitzingen** was a municipality, in the new municipality of Goms and the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Villages

Bodme, Wiler, Ammern, Gadmen and Blitzingen.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Blitzingen
- **municipality name**: Blitzingen
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Blitzingen COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Blitzingen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Goms (district), Goms
- **postal code**: 3989
- **municipality code**: 6055
- **area**: 11.8
- **elevation**: 1290
- **population**: 90
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **website**: www.blitzingen.ch
- **mayor**: Erwin Ritz
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bellwald, Ernen, Grafschaft, Switzerland, Grafschaft, Niederwald, Switzerland, Niederwald
Ukraine International Airlines

**Ukraine International Airlines** is the flag carrier of Ukraine. The airline began in 1992, after Ukraine became an independent country from the Soviet Union. It started flying cargo in 1994. It flies mostly Boeing 737 airplanes.  It goes from Ukraine to Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Commonwealth of Independent States. 74% of the airline owned by Ukraine and 26% is owned by Cyprus.

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Ukraine International Airlines (UIA)
<small></small>
- **logo**: Ukraine International Airlines logo.svg
- **logo size**: 200
- **iata**: PS
- **icao**: AUI
- **callsign**: UKRAINE INTERNATIONAL
- **frequent flyer**: Panorama Club
- **hubs**: Boryspil_International_Airport, Kyiv–Boryspil
- **fleet size**: 31
- **destinations**: 88
- **founded**: 1 October 1992
- **headquarters**: Kyiv, Ukraine
Nouvelle cuisine

**Nouvelle cuisine** (French, "new cuisine") is an approach to cooking and food presentation in French cuisine. In contrast to the older haute cuisine, nouvelle cuisine has lighter, more delicate dishes, and pretty presentation. It started in Paris in the 1970s, and by the 1980s was seen in London and New York. The movement is now almost worldwide.

The reasons are connected with modern business life, where long two-hour lunches are a thing of the past. Also, customers began to look for lighter food menus. Food critics Henri Gault and his colleagues André Gayot and Christian Millau put out a new restaurant guide, the _Gault-Millau_, or _Le Nouveau Guide_.

Gault and Millau listed ten characteristics of this new style of cooking. They were:
- Simpler cooking.
- Cooking times for most fish, seafood, game birds, veal, green vegetables and pâtés were reduced to try to keep the natural flavour.
- The cuisine was made with the freshest possible ingredients.
- Large menus were abandoned in favour of shorter menus.
- Strong marinades for meat and game were not used.
- Heavy sauces like _espagnole_ and _béchamel_ were dropped. Instead, dishes were seasoned with fresh herbs, high-quality butter, lemon juice, and vinegar.
- Regional dishes were introduced in place of _cuisine classique_ dishes.
- New techniques and modern equipment were used; sometimes used microwave ovens.
- Chefs paid close attention to the dietary needs of their guests.
- The chefs were inventive, and created new combinations and pairings.

## History

However, the term "nouvelle cuisine" has been used several times in the history of French cuisine.

In the 1730s and 1740s, several French writers emphasized their break with tradition. They called their cooking "modern" or "new". In 1742 Menon introduced the term _nouvelle cuisine_ as the title of the third volume of his _Nouveau traité_.  François Marin worked in the same tradition.

In the 1880s and 1890s, the cooking of Georges Auguste Escoffier was sometimes described as _nouvelle cuisine_.
Afonso Africano (epic poem)

**Afonso Africano** is an epic poem by Portuguese poet Vasco Mouzinho de Quevedo e Castelo Branco. It was first published in 1611. It is composed of twelve cantos. It is written in ottava rima which in Portugal is known as oitava rima. This stanza is made up of eight lines and rhymes abababcc. The same was earlier used by Luís de Camões in his Lusiads. Vasco Mouzinho de Quevedo's poem narrates about Portuguese king Afonso who was called The African. In the poem his expedition to Morocco, the war and the sieges of Arzilla and Tanger are described. The first stanza is typical for Renaissance epic poems.

- _As armas e o varão ilustre canto_
- _que de Africano tem insígnia e nome,_
- _cuja alta fama será viva, enquanto_
- _no dourado horizonte o Sol assome._
- _Donde começarei? Que o grande espanto_
- _me tem suspenso, que princípio tome,_
- _que tantas obras quantas me apresenta_
- _vivo calor que mais e mais se aumenta._
Sumitra Mahajan

**Sumitra Mahajan** (born 12 April 1943) is an Indian politician and 16th Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 5 June 2014 to 19 June 2019. She is a member of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party.In 2014 she got elected 8 times and she is currently the longest serving women member. She also served as the Union Minister. Sumitra Mahajan is the second longest serving women speaker after Meira Kumar.

Sumitra Mahajan was born in Chitpavan Brahmin family in Chiplun, Maharashtra on 11 April 1943. She married Jayant Mahajan of Indore. She received MA and LLB after marriage from the Indore University.

Sumitra became the first Indian women to represent the same Lok sabha constituency on the same party eight times in a row.Her record was included in the LIMCA book.
Sikandar Lodi

**Sikandar Khan Lodi** was the Sultan of Delhi and second ruler of the Lodi dynasty after Bahlul Khan Lodi. He was the most successful sultan of the Lodi dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. Sikandar Khan Lodi ruled the sultanate from 17 July, 1489 to 21 November, 1517.

Sikandar Khan Lodi was born to the first sultan of the Lodi dynasty Bahlul Khan Lodi and Bibi Ambha, daughter of a Hindu goldsmith, in 1458.After he became the ruler he proved that he is an ablest ruler. He encouraged trade across his territories. He conquered Gwalior from the Rajputs in 1490 and Bihar from the rebellious Afghan chiefs in the region.

Sikandar Khan Lodi constructed the present day city of Agra. He wrote Persian poetry using the pen name _Gulrukhi_. Sikandar enlarged his territories in his sultanate that extended from the region of Punjab to Bengal and the territories between River Satluj and Bundelkhand region.

He died on November 21 1517 and was buried in the Lodi Gardens located in Delhi.

He was succeeded by his son, **Ibrahim Lodi**.