juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 18

***America's Next Top Model, Cycle 18 "British Invasion"*** is the eighteenth cycle of ANTM. This cycle includes British models from _Britain's Next Top Model_ (BNTM) who didn't win. The winner was 22-year old Sophie Sumner from Oxford, England. The cycle had a total of 14 contestants, 7 seven American and 7 British.

## Prizes

- A modeling contract with LA Models & NY Model Management
- A spread in _Vogue Italia_
- A $100,000 contract with CoverGirl
- A correspondent for _Extra_
- A chance to be the face of the _America’s Next Top Model_ perfume product "Dream Come True"
- A production of a music title

## Contestants

British        Original Rank ANTM Rank
- Ashley Brown 4th           10th
- Annaliese Dayes 7th        3rd
- Jasmia Robinson 3rd        14th
- Sophie Sumner  Runner-up  Winner
- Catherine Thomas Runner-up 6th
- Louise Watts Runner-up 12th (quit)
- Alisha White Runner-up 4th (quit)

American
- Seymone Cohen-Fobish 7th
- Eboni Davis 5th
- Ashley "Kyle" Gober 8th
- Laura LaFrate Runner-up
- Ashley "AzMarie" Livingston 9th
- Candace Smith 11th
- Mariah Watchman 13th

## Episodes

1.
- Best: Seymone Cohen-Fobish
- Worst: Ashley Brown & Jasmia Robinson
- Eliminated: Jasmia Robinson
2.
- Best: Laura LaFrate
- Worst: Seymone Cohen-Fobish & Mariah Watchman
- Eliminated: Mariah Watchman
3.
- Quit: Louise Watts
- Best: AzMarie Livingston
- Worst: Alisha White, Ashley Brown, Candace Smith, & Eboni Davis
- Eliminated: None
4.
- Best: AzMarie Livingston
- Worst: Seymone Cohen-Fobish & Candace Smith
- Eliminated: Candace Smith
5.
- Best: Eboni Davis
- Worst: Ashley Brown & Catherine Thomas
- Eliminated: Ashley Brown
6.
- Best: Alisha White
- Worst: AzMarie Livingston & Kyle Gober
- Eliminated: AzMarie Livingston
7.
- Best: Sophie Sumner
- Worst: Alisha White & Kyle Gober
- Eliminated: Kyle Gober
8.
- Best: Alisha White
- Worst: Seymone Cohen-Fobish & Eboni Davis
- Eliminated: Seymone Cohen-Fobish
9.
- Best: Laura LaFrate
- Worst: Alisha White & Catherine Thomas
- Eliminated: Catherine Thomas
10.
- Best: Laura LaFrate
- Worst: Eboni Davis & Alisha White
- Eliminated: Eboni Davis
- Quit: Alisha White
11.
- Best: Sophie Sumner
- Worst: Laura LaFrate & Annaliese Dayes
- Eliminated: Annaliese Dayes
12.
- Final Two: Sophie Sumner & Laura LaFrate
- Winner: Sophie Sumner
Sansha

**Sansha** (三沙) is a city of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Hainan Province.  The city government's main building was built on Woody Island in the South China Sea.

## History

In 2012, the city was established to administer several uninhabited island groups and undersea atolls in the South China Sea, including the Spratly and Paracel Islands as well as the Macclesfield Bank.

The area of city includes disputed territory not controlled by China.

The city plans to develop virtual economic activity. In early 2013, there were 11 companies that have registered in Sansha.  They are paying tax in Sansha.

### Timeline

- **1911**: Guangdong Provincial Government of PRC claims the Xisha Islands as part Hainan's Yaxian County

- **1946–1948**: the Republic of China (ROC) took over Xisha Islands

- **1959**: PRC sets up the Guangdong Province administrative office for Xisha, Nansha and Zhongsha islands

- **1984**: Hainan Administrative Region was set up

- **1988**: Hainan Province was set up to take over the administrative office

- **2012**: Sansha City established

## Government

The first mayor of the city was elected by a People’s Congress with 45 delegates.

The city has a court of justice and a clinic. A kindergarten and a school are being planned.

## Related  pages

- Kalayaan, Palawan

## Other websites

- Administrative divisions of Hainan Province
- "Paracel Islands Cruise? China Invites Tourists To Disputed South China Sea"

## Infobox (settlement)

- **settlement type**: Prefecture-level city
- **image skyline**: Aerial view of Woody Island.jpg
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Woody Island (South China Sea), Yongxing Island (Woody Island), the seat of Sansha
- **image map**: Location of Sansha Prefecture within Hainan (China).png
- **map caption**: Location Sansha jurisdiction (in pink) in Hainan
- **map caption1**: Location of the major islands in Sansha
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: China
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the People's Republic of China, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Hainan
- **seat type**: City seat
- **seat**: Woody Island, South China Sea, Woody Island
(Yongxing Dao)
- **leader title**: Communist Party of China, CPC Municipal Party Secretary
- **leader name**: .
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: .
- **established title**: Prefecture
- **established date**: 24 July 2012
- **area land km2**: < 13
- **area land sq mi**: < 5
- **area water km2**: ~2,000,000
- **area water sq mi**: ~772,000
- **population as of**: 2013
- **population total**: 1,443
- **timezone**: China Standard Time
- **utc offset**: +8
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in China, Postal code
- **postal code**: 573100
- **footnotes**: **Territorial Dispute**: There are on-going territorial disputes in the entire area covered by the city, whose administrative authority is not internationally recognized.
Quantum teleportation

**Quantum teleportation** is a way of transferring the quantum state of one quantum system to another using the quantum entanglement between two other systems.

For example, let's assume Alice and Bob share an entangled pair of particles A and B, and Alice wants to teleport the information of another "message" particle M to Bob.

What Alice does is interact her half of the entangled pair, A, she shares with Bob, so that now the message particle M is entangled with Alice's other particle A.

Next Alice measures both of her particles A and M and tells what the outcomes of these measurements are to Bob. Because the message particle M was entangled with Alice's other particle A, and Bob has the information of Alice's measurements, he can use this information to recreate the original message particle M out of the one he has B.

What makes quantum teleportation special is that we didn't need to physically move the message particle M from Alice to Bob.
Paracel Islands

**Paracel Islands** is the name for a number of uninhabited atolls and reefs in the South China Sea. They are about  from Hainan and about  from Vietnam. Currently, many countries claim these territories as their own, and most of the land remains uninhabited. However, a small number of people can be found living there, mostly marines from Vietnam and other nations.

The islands are located in the South China Sea consisting of over 30 islets, sandbanks and reefs with about  of the ocean surface. The archipelago is approximately equidistant from the coastlines of Vietnam and China,  southeast of Hainan Island, and about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines. Turtles live on the islands, and seabirds have left nests and guano deposits, but there are no permanent human residents except military personnel and fishermen.

The islands are divided into two main groups. The Amphitrite group is in the northeast and the Crescent group is in the southwest, and they are located about  from one another. Subject to hot and humid climate, with abundant rainfall and frequent typhoons, the archipelago is surrounded by productive fishing grounds and potential oil and gas reserves.

## Related pages

- Sansha

## Infobox (disputed islands)

- **plural**: yes
- **name**: Paracel Islands
- **image name**: ParacelIslands.png
- **image caption**: Paracel Islands
- **image size**: 300px
- **location**: South China Sea
- **total islands**: >30
- **major islands**: Rocky Island, South China Sea, Rocky Island, Tree Island, South China Sea, Tree Island, Woody Island, South China Sea, Woody Island
- **area**: 15,000 km² (ocean surface)
- **highest mount**: on Rocky Island
- **country claim**: Viet Nam
- **country claim divisions title**: Prefecture-level city
- **country claim divisions**: Da Nang
- **country 1 claim**: Republic of China
- **country 1 claim divisions title**: Special municipality (Republic of China), Municipality
- **country 1 claim divisions**: Kaohsiung
- **country**: People's Republic of China
- **country admin divisions title**: Province
- **country admin divisions**: Hainan


## Infobox (chinese)

- **t**: 西沙群島
- **s**: 西沙群岛
- **p**: Xīshā Qúndǎo
- **j**: sai<sup>1</sup>saa<sup>1</sup> kwan<sup>4</sup>dou<sup>2</sup>
- **vie**: Quần đảo Hoàng Sa
- **hn**: 群島黃沙
- **pic**: Xisha.png
Pitbull

**Pitbull** might mean:

- Pitbull (rapper), a Cuban American rapper
- Pit bull, a dog breed
Beach Erosion Board

The **Beach Erosion Board** (BEB) was a federal board organized under the US Government's War Department (later, the Department of Defense), U.S. Army, and was a part of the civil works program of the United States Army Corps of Engineers.  The Board had seven members and a staff.  The life of the BEB spanned a period of 33 years, beginning with its establishment in July 1930. The BEB was abolished in November of 1963.

The job of the BEB was to review reports of investigations made concerning erosion of the shores of coastal and lake waters, and the protection of those shores.  Under Section 2 of Public Law 520, 7lst Congress, approved on July 3, 1930, the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, was given authority to make, in cooperation with the appropriate agencies of the various coastal States, investigations and studies aimed at devising effective means of presenting erosion of the shores of coastal and lake waters by waves and currents.   The funding provision for these investigations and studies was that no money should be expended under authority of the Act in any State which did not provide for cooperation with the agencies of the United States and contribute to the project such funds and/or services as the Secretary of War deemed appropriate and required.

In 1963, certain of the BEB’s functions were transferred to the newly created Coastal Engineering Research Center, while others were transferred to the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors.

## Sources

- "The History of the Beach Erosion Board,U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, 1930-63," by Mary-Louise Quinn, MISCELLANEOUS REPORT NO. 77-9, AUGUST 1977
Izu Islands

The **Izu islands** are a group of small Japanese islands south of Tokyo. Nine of them have people living there. The largest is Oshima.

## Other websites

- Map and travel info
Mario & Luigi: Dream Team

***Mario & Luigi: Dream Team*** (also known as ***Mario & Luigi: Dream Team Bros.*** in Europe and as ***Mario & Luigi RPG 4: Dream Adventure*** in Japan) is a roleplaying video game for the Nintendo 3DS game console. It was revealed during the Nintendo Direct presentation by Nintendo on February 14, 2013. It is the fourth game in the _Mario & Luigi_ series of games. It was released in Europe on July 12, 2013, in Japan on July 18, 2013, and in North America on August 11, 2013.

The game features similar gameplay to past _Mario & Luigi_ games. Mario and Luigi explore the game's world and fight in turn-based battles. The game will involve a setting of Luigi's dreams, where Luigi falls asleep at certain points in the story and opens a portal leading to his dreams. Mario will be able to go through the portal to explore Luigi's dreams. In the dream world, the player will be able to use the console's touch screen to cause events to happen.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Mario & Luigi: Dream Team
- **developer**: AlphaDream
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **composer**: Yoko Shimomura
- **series**: Mario, _Mario & Luigi_
- **genre**: Role-playing game
- **platforms**: Nintendo 3DS
Substantia nigra

The **substantia nigra** is a part of the brain. This is the part of the midbrain that produces dopamine involved in movement. It is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.

## Infobox (brain)

- **name**: Substantia nigra
- **latin**: substantia nigra
- **image**: Substantia nigra.gif
- **caption**: Substantia nigra highlighted in red.
- **image2**: Midbrainsection.svg
- **caption2**: Section through superior colliculus showing substantia nigra.
- **width**: 350
- **ispartof**: Mesencephalon, Midbrain, basal ganglia
- **acronym**: SN
Dissection (band)

**Dissection** was a Swedish black and death metal band from Strömstad, Sweden.

Dissection was formed in autumn 1989 by lead singer Jon Nödtveidt and bassist Peter Palmdahl. The band recorded and released a demo tape titled _The Grief Prophecy_ in December 1990. The band released their debut album _The Somberlain_ in 1993. Their second studio album _Storm of the Light's Bane_ was released on November 17, 1995.

Their final studio album _Reinkaos_ was released on April 30, 2006 in Europe and on May 16, 2006 in North America. The band a final European concert and broke up on 24 June 2006.  On 13 August 2006, lead singer Jon Nödtveidt committed suicide by an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound inside a circle of lit candles.

## Band members

- Final line-up
- Jon Nödtveidt – vocals, guitars (1989–1997, 2004-2006) (†)
- Set Teitan – guitars (2004–2006)
- Tomas Asklund – drums (2004–2006)

- Former
- Peter Palmdahl - Bass (1989–1997)
- Mattias "Mäbe" Johansson - Guitar (1990) (live session)
- Ole Öhman - Drums (1990–1995)
- John Zwetsloot - Guitar (1991–1994)
- Johan Norman - Guitar (1994–1997)
- Tobias Kjellgren - Drums (1995–1997)
- Emil Nödtveidt  - Bass (1997) (session live)
- Brice LeClercq - Bass (2004–2005)
- Hakon Forwald - Bass (2005)
- Erik Danielsson - Bass (2005–2006) (live session)

### Albums

- _The Somberlain_ (1993)
- _Storm of the Light's Bane_ (1995)
- _Reinkaos_ (2006)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Dissection
- **img**: Dissection live1 (cropped).jpg
- **img capt**: Dissection performing in 2005
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Strömstad, Sweden
- **genre**: Black metal, death metal, melodic death metal
- **years active**: 1989–1997, 2004–2006
- **label**: The End Records, The End
- **associated acts**: Ophthalamia, Watain, Soulreaper, Cardinal Sin (band), Cardinal Sin, Deathstars
- **url**: [http://www.dissection.se/ Official website]
- **past members**: Jon Nödtveidt
Set Teitan
Tomas Asklund
Mattias "Mäbe" Johansson
John Zwetsloot
Johan Norman
Peter Palmdahl
Emil Nödtveidt
Brice Leclerq
Hakon Forwald
Erik Danielsson
Ole Öhman
Tobias Tjellgren
Mike Eastwood

**Michael Barry Eastwood** (born July 1, 1967 in Ottawa, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre that played 13 seasons in National Hockey League (NHL).

He played college hockey at Western Michigan University. Eastwood was drafted by the Toronto Maple Leafs with the 91st overall pick in the 1987 NHL Draft.

Eastwood played in the NHL for seven teams, Toronto Maple Leafs from 1991 to 1995, Winnipeg Jets from 1994 to 1996, Phoenix Coyotes during the 1996–97 NHL season, New York Rangers from 1996 to 1998, St. Louis Blues from 1997 to 2003, Chicago Blackhawks during the 2002–03 NHL season and the Pittsburgh Penguins during the 2003-04 NHL season. He retired in 2004 and currently co-hosts the Ottawa Senators post-game show with Scott MacArthur.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 250px
- **played for**: Toronto Maple Leafs
Winnipeg Jets (1972–96), Winnipeg Jets
Phoenix Coyotes
New York Rangers
St. Louis Blues
Chicago Blackhawks
Pittsburgh Penguins
- **position**: Center (ice hockey), Centre
- **shot**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lb**: 216
- **birth place**: Ottawa, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **draft**: 91st overall
- **draft year**: 1987
- **draft team**: Toronto Maple Leafs
- **career start**: 1991
- **career end**: 2004
Jack Dyte

**John Leonard Douglas Haig Dyte** (October 13, 1918 - April 9, 1974) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman that played 27 games in National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks.

He played with the Baltimore Orioles of the Eastern Hockey League for 2 seasons as well as the Jonestown Bluebirds for 1 season. He played for the Montreal Royals of the Quebec Senior Hockey League for 1 season. He played in the AHL with Providence-Buffalo for 1 season, the Buffalo Bisons for 2 seasons and the St. Louis Flyers for 1 season. He played in the CBSHL with the Northside Victorias for 1 season and then retired from playing professional hockey. He died on April 9, 1974.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 250px
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
- **position**: Defenceman
- **shot**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **birth place**: Temiskaming Shores, New Liskeard, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **career start**: 1939
- **career end**: 1948
West Fertilizer Plant explosion

The **West Fertilizer Plant explosion** was an explosion in West, Texas, near Waco, United States. It happened just before 7:50 pm CDT. There was a lot of damage to buildings, including houses. Fourteen people were killed and over 160 injured. The cause of this blast was ammonium nitrate. However, the cause of the fire that took place before the explosion is currently unknown.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: West Fertilizer Plant explosion
- **image**: West_Explosion_Aerial.jpg
- **caption**: Aftermath of the blasts
- **time**: 7:50:38 p.m. Central Time Zone (North America), CDT
- **location**: West Fertilizer Co.,
1471 Jerry Mashek Drive,
West, Texas, West, Texas, United States
- **timezone**: UTC−05:00
- **fatalities**: 15
- **injuries**: more than 160
Mädchen Amick

**Mädchen Amick** (born December 12, 1970) is an American actress. She began acting in television programs. She starred as Shelly Johnson on the television series _Twin Peaks_ and its 1992 prequel movie _Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me_. She was born east of Reno, Nevada and raised in Sparks, Nevada. Amick's parents are German.
Geoffrey

**Geoffrey** [ **jef**-ree ] is an English male given name. It is often spelled Jeffrey and abbreviated as "**Geoff**", "**Jeff**" or "**Geof**". Geoffrey is a moniker that boasts a lengthy existence spanning centuries and a fascinating past. Its etymology can be traced back to the Germanic name Godfrey. During the Norman era, the name gained significant popularity and was subsequently introduced to England following the Norman Conquest of 1066. It was very prominent in the early 1990s in England and America.

## People

- Geoffrey Chaucer, 14th century English poet and author
- Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu, Australian singer
- Geoffrey Rush, Australian actor (born 1951)
- Geoffrey Chew, American theoretical physicist
- Geoffrey Oryema, Internationally renowned Ugandan musician and singer. (16 April 1953 – 22 June 2018)
Dreaming

**Dreaming**, **Dreamin' ** or similar may refer to:

- Dream, the experience of envisioned images, sounds, or other sensations during sleep
- Dreaming (spirituality), a term used in indigenous Australian cosmology and spirituality
- "The Dream", or "Hakeem the Dream", nickname of basketball player Hakeem Olajuwon
Rufous hare-wallaby

The **rufous hare-wallaby** (_Lagorchestes hirsutus_) is a small wallaby found in Australia. It is also known by its Western Desert name **mala**. It used to be found widely across the western half of Australia, but is now only found in Bernier and Dorre Islands in Shark Bay. It is currently classified as a vulnerable species.

The rufous hare-wallaby is a nocturnal herbivore that eats herbs, leaves and seeds. It is usually solitary, meaning that it lives alone. The species was first described by John Gould in _The Mammals of Australia_ (1844). It is currently being reintroduced to mainland Australia, to the Tanami Desert in the Northern Territory. Four distinct groups of this species have been described as subspecies:
- _Lagorchestes hirsutus hirsutus_, now extinct
- _Lagorchestes hirsutus bernieri_, only found on Bernier Island
- _Lagorchestes hirsutus dorreae_, only found on Dorre Island.
- The fourth is an unnamed subspecies that is extinct in the wild. It was originally discovered in the Tanami Desert, and was once widespread across the centre of Australia. The only existing members of this group have been moved to conservation reserves in Western Australia.

The mala is a common totem in Western Desert Aboriginal Dreamings.

## Other websites

- Animal Info – Rufous Hare Wallaby
ITT Inc.

**ITT Corporation** is a global manufacturing company in the United States, in aerospace, transportation, energy and industrial markets. They are in global markets including water and fluids management. ITT originally stood for **International Telephone and Telegraph**; it was founded in 1920. It was originally combined from other telephone companies. Today's ITT Corporation was founded in 2006.
They work in three areas:
- Fluid Technology
- Defense Electronics & Services
- Motion & Flow Control
George Gamow

**George Gamow** (August 19, 1968), born **Georgiy Antonovich Gamov** (), was a theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay through quantum tunneling. Gamow was born in Odessa in the Russian Empire. He studied atomic physics and a few other kinds of physics. He ran away from the Soviet Union in 1933. He went to the United States and taught at the University of Washington. He wrote books in German, French and Russian, and later in English. Some of his books were for fellow scientists and some explained science to laymen. His most famous book was _One Two Three... Infinity._

## Related pages

- Ukrainian Americans
Hasty generalization

**Hasty generalization** is an informal fallacy of generalisation by making decisions based on too little evidence or without recognizing all of the variables. In statistics, it may mean basing broad conclusions of a survey from a small sample group.

A hasty generalization made from a single example is sometimes called the "fallacy of the lonely fact" or the "proof by example fallacy".

When evidence is intentionally excluded to bias the result, it is sometimes termed the "fallacy of exclusion".

## Example

Hasty generalization may follow this pattern

- X is true for A.

- X is true for B.

- X is true for C.

- X is true for D.

- Therefore, X is true for E, F, G, etc.

## Related pages

- Blind men and an elephant
- Syllogism
- Conflation

## Other websites

- "List of Common Logical Fallacies in Propaganda and Debate" at Gatecreepers.com
- "Hasty Generalization" at FallacyFiles.org
Kelly Hills

The **Kelly Hills** () are a mountain range at the southern end of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located directly north of the Musgrave Ranges, and about  northeast of Amaṯa. Its highest point is about  above sea level. Mount Robert, at the eastern end of the range, is about 796 metres above sea level. The area is known as **Aputjilpinya** in the native Yankunytjatjara language. It forms part of an important Mala Dreaming track that runs between Uluṟu and Ulkiya.

There are a few soakages located within the hills. One of them, Puntitjara, was recorded by several early White explorers travelling through the Kelly Hills. The South Australian government's North-West Prospecting Expedition, led by Lawrence Wells, was brought there by an Aboriginal guide in 1903. One of the expedition's prospectors, Herbert Basedow, recorded the name as "Punndijarrinna" and reported that it was a good source of water. Basedow returned to Puntitjara in June 1926 on another expedition, this one led by Donald Mackay. According to Mackay, they found it dry and covered with a layer of sand. The anthropologist Ted Strehlow visited Puntitjara in August 1936, but founded it covered by mud.

## Infobox (mountain range)

- **name**: Kelly Hills
- **other name**: _Aputjilpi_
- **country**: Australia
- **region type**: States and territories of Australia, Territory
- **region**: Northern Territory
- **district**: Petermann, Northern Territory, Petermann
- **district type**: Locality
- **elevation m**: 870
- **geology**: gneiss, quartzite
- **period**: Paleoproterozoic
- **map**: Northern Territory
- **map alt**: Map of Australia showing the location of the Kelly Hills
- **map caption**: Location in the Northern Territory
- **map relief**: Australia Northern Territory relief location map.png
Pikmin 3

***Pikmin 3*** is a real-time strategy video game that was released by Nintendo for the Wii U game console. It is the sequel to _Pikmin 2_,  a prequel to _Pikmin 4_, and the third game in the _Pikmin_ series. It was released in Japan on July 13, 2013, in Europe on July 26, 2013, and in North America on August 4, 2013.

_Pikmin 3_ has the same gameplay as the last 2 _Pikmin_ games. Players control 100 plant-like creatures called Pikmin. The player uses them to pick up objects, reach areas, and fight enemies. There are three characters that players can play as. In addition to the five types of Pikmin from _Pikmin 2_ (Red Pikmin, Yellow Pikmin, Blue Pikmin, Purple Pikmin, and White Pikmin), there are two new types of Pikmin. The Rock Pikmin can destroy tough barriers, while the Winged Pikmin can attack flying enemies and carry items in the air.

The player is able to control the game with the Wii U GamePad or the Wii Remote and Nunchuk combination. The Wii U GamePad gives the player a map of the game environment, which is visible on its touch screen.

***Pikmin 3 Deluxe*** is a remaster of the game for the Nintendo Switch. It released on October 30, 2020.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Pikmin 3
- **developer**: Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development, Nintendo EAD
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **series**: _Pikmin (series), Pikmin_
- **platforms**: Wii U
- **genre**: Real-time strategy
- **modes**: Single-player, multiplayer
- **director**: Shigefumi Hino
Yuji Kando
- **producer**: Hiroyuki Kimura
- **designer**: Atsushi Miyagi
Takafumi Kiuchi
Takuro Shimizu
- **artist**: Keisuke Nishimori
- **writer**: Kunio Watanabe
Makoto Wada
- **composer**: Asuka Hayazaki
Atsuko Asahi
Hajime Wakai
Tivoli Gardens

**Tivoli Gardens** (or **Tivoli**) is an amusement park in Copenhagen, Denmark. It opened on 15 August 1843 and it was founded by Georg Carstensen. It is the second oldest amusement park in the world. The oldest is Dyrehavsbakken in Klampenborg, Denmark. Tivoli's original Chinese decorations inspired Hans Christian Andersen's "The Nightingale".

## Infobox (amusement park)

- **name**: Tivoli Gardens
- **image**:
- **caption**: The entrance to Tivoli, illuminated at night
- **location**: Copenhagen, Denmark
- **opening date**: 1843
- **area**: 82,717 m<sup>2</sup>
- **rides**: 25
- **coasters**: 4
- **owner**: Tivoli A/S
- **homepage**: [http://tivoli.dk Tivoli.dk]
Jenny Lind

**Jenny Lind** (**Johanna Maria Lind**, Stockholm, 6 October 1820 –  Wynd's Point, Herefordshire, 2 November 1887) was a Swedish opera singer. She was nicknamed the **"Swedish Nightingale"**. She was in great demand in opera roles throughout Sweden and northern Europe during the 1840s, and became the protégée of Felix Mendelssohn. After two acclaimed seasons in London, she announced her retirement from opera at the age of 29.

In 1850, Lind went to America at the invitation of the showman P. T. Barnum. She gave 93 concerts for him and then continued to tour under her own management. She donated her proceeds to charities, mainly the endowment of free schools in Sweden. With her husband, Otto Goldschmidt, she returned to Europe in 1852. They had three children. She gave occasional concerts over the next two decades, settling in England in 1855.  From 1882, for some years, she was a professor of singing at the Royal College of Music in London. She was the inspiration for Hans Christian Andersen's "The Nightingale". Lind died on 2 November 1887 in Herefordshire, England, of cancer. She is buried in the Great Malvern Cemetery.

## Other websites

- Profile about Jenny Lind
- The jennylind.org website
Compound (linguistics)

**Compound words** are words that add together to make a new word, like the word _side_ and _walk_, to make _sidewalk_. These words often develop over time. They can start as two words joined with a hyphen, and then become a compound word. There are three types of compound words; closed, hyphenated and open. A closed compound word is joined into one word like _keyboard_ or _makeup_. A hyphenated word is two words joined with a hyphen like _mother-in-law_. Open compound words are words which are used together like _police station_, or _fire engine_.

## Common compound words

This is a list with some common compound words.
1. airplane
1. armchair
1. backpack
1. baseball
1. basketball
1. bedroom
1. birdhouse
1. bookshelf
1. butterfly
1. candy cane
1. cardboard
1. chopstick
1. cowboy
1. cupboard
1. cupcake
1. doghouse
1. doorbell
1. dragonfly
1. drumstick
1. firefighter
1. firefly
1. fireplace
1. fireworks
1. fishbowl
1. football
1. footprint
1. greenhouse
1. hairbrush
1. hairpin
1. handbag
1. headaches
1. headphones
1. hotdog
1. ice cream
1. jellyfish
1. jump rope
1. jumpsuit
1. keyboard
1. keyhole
1. ladybug
1. lighthouse
1. lipstick
1. mailbox
1. meatball
1. milkshake
1. moonshine
1. necklace
1. newspaper
1. nightmare
1. notebook
1. pancake
1. peanut
1. peanut butter
1. peppermint
1. pineapple
1. pine cone
1. playground
1. popcorn
1. rainbow
1. raincoat
1. sandbox
1. scarecrow
1. screwdriver
1. seahorse
1. shoebox
1. shoehorn
1. snowball
1. snowman
1. spaceship
1. starfish
1. strawberry
1. sunflower
1. sunglasses
1. sunscreen
1. tablecloth
1. teapot
1. toothache
1. toothbrush
1. toothpaste
1. toothpick
1. turtleneck
1. waterfall
1. watermelon
1. wheelchair
Raymond Briggs

**Raymond Redvers Briggs** CBE (18 January 1934 – 9 August 2022) was a British writer and artist. He is known for his books for children. His books include _The Snowman_, _Fungus the Bogeyman_, _When the Wind Blows_ and _Father Christmas_.

## Life and death

Briggs was born on 18 January 1934 in Wimbledon, Surrey. He died on 9 August 2022 at a hospital in Brighton, East Sussex from pneumonia at the age of 88.
Nintendo Land

***Nintendo Land*** is a 2012 party video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Wii U video game console. It was announced during E3 2012.

The game has twelve mini-games that are playable in it, based off of famous Nintendo franchises like _The Legend of Zelda_, _Mario_ and _Metroid_. Each minigames are styled like theme park attractions. They are supposed to show off how the Wii U GamePad works, and they all use some of its abilities, such as motion controls and the touch screen. The game supports the Wii Remote controller. The game had 'asymmetric gameplay', which means to have a different experience depending on what controller you use.

The game was mostly liked by reviewers and sold five million copies.

## Gameplay

_Nintendo Land_ takes place in a theme park, which also serves as the game's hub for its twelve minigames. A robot named Monita acts as a guide throughout the game, and teaches the player the basics of the game. Finishing minigames will earn the player coins, which can be used to play a pachinko game. If the player wins the pachinko game, they get a prize of a building from one of the minigames that they can decorate the theme park with.

### Team attractions

Number of players: 1–5
- _The Legend of Zelda: Battle Quest_

This minigame is based on _The Legend of Zelda_ series. Players using the Wii Remote wield a sword to fight enemies with. The player using the Wii U GamePad has a bow, and they must shoot the bow at enemies. The GamePad player can also spy on enemies by lifting the GamePad, or reload their arrows by facing the GamePad down.

***Metroid Blast***

This minigame is based on the _Metroid_ series. Players using the Wii Remote and Nunchuk battle on the ground and players using the Wii U GamePad battle in Samus Aran's gunship. There are three game modes in this minigame. There is "Assault Mission", where the player must pass each level, "Surface-Air Combat", where those on foot must kill the player in the air and "Ground Battle", where all players are on foot and have to collect tokens. _Metroid Blast_ is based off of a Nintendo tech demo from E3 2011.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Nintendo Land
- **developer**: Nintendo EAD, Nintendo EAD Group No. 2
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **producer**: Katsuya Eguchi
- **director**: Takayuki Shimamura
Yoshikazu Yamashita
- **composer**: Hajime Wakai
Ryo Nagamatsu
- **genre**: Party video game, Party game
- **platforms**: Wii U
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
Ambrosius Aurelianus

**Ambrosius Aurelianus** was a powerful Romano-British leader in Sub-Roman Britain around mid-5th century. He has been identified with the legendary King Arthur by historians like John Morris.

## Life

Ambrosius Aurelianus was born in Roman Britain in the years when Roman legions withdrew from the British isles and started the Anglo-Saxon conquest. He seems to be born in a noble Roman family, resident in Britain for many generations.  He also appeared independently in the legends of the Britons, beginning with the 9th-century "Historia Brittonum", written by Nennius.

His importance comes from the fact that he is the _only Romano-british leader_ named by Gildas, who was the only historian who lived during Sub-Roman Britain times: this fact makes Ambrosius Aurelianus an historical and "real" personality in the King Arthur legends.

He was renowned for his campaigns against the Anglo-Saxons, and there is some speculation that he (or his son, according to the historian Gildas) may have commanded the Romano-British forces at the Battle of Badon Hill, where the barbarians were won around 500 AD. After this battle for fifty years the Anglo-Saxons were stopped from conquering all of Britain.

## According to Gildas

Ambrosius Aurelianus is one of the few people that Gildas (a sixth century historian who lived in South-west Britain and wrote "De Excidio Britanniae", which focused largely on the history of Christian Britain) identifies by name in his sermon _De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae_, and the only one named from the 5th century. Following the destructive assault of the Saxons, the survivors gather together under the leadership of Ambrosius, who is described as:

- "... a gentleman who, perhaps alone of the Romans, had survived the shock of this notable storm. Certainly his parents, who had worn the purple, were slain by it. His descendants in our day have become greatly inferior to their grandfather's [_avita_] excellence."

We know from Gildas that he was of high birth, and had Roman ancestry; he was presumably a Romano-Briton, rather than a Roman from elsewhere in the empire, though it is impossible to be sure.  It also appears that Ambrosius was a Christian: Gildas says that he won his battles "with God's help". According to Gildas, Ambrosius organised the survivors into an armed force and achieved the first military victory over the Saxon invaders. However, this victory was not decisive: "Sometimes the Saxons and sometimes the citizens (meaning the Romano-British inhabitants) were victorious."

## Related pages

- King Arthur
- Sub-Roman Britain

## Bibliography

- Gidlow, Christopher. _The Reign of Arthur: From History to Legend_. Sutton Publishing. London, 2004 .
- Higham, N. J.  _King Arthur, Myth-Making and History_ Routledge. London, 2002
- Morris, John. _The Age of Arthur: A History of the British Isles from 350 to 650_. Scribner Ed. New York, 1973
- Reno, Frank. _Historic King Arthur: Authenticating the Celtic Hero of Post-Roman Britain_. Publisher McFarland. London, 2007
Home economics

**Home economics** is the study of the economics and management of the home and community. It is about managing a home and family, and cooking.

## Related pages

- Mrs Beeton

## Other websites

- International Federation for Home Economics
Attila (disambiguation)

**Attila** most often refers to Attila the Hun, a leader of the Huns in the 5th century.

**Attila** or **Atila** may also refer to:

## Music

- Atila (band), a Spanish rock band of the 1970s
- Attila (partycore band), an American deathcore band
- Attila (rock band), an American rock duo

## Other meanings

- Attila (automobile), a brand of cars
- Mount Conner, a mountain in central Australia

## Related pages

- All pages beginning with "Attila"
- All pages beginning with "Atila"
Freehold (law)

In property law, a **freehold** (also called **frank-tenement**) is the ownership of real property. This includes land and everything that naturally comes with it, such as buildings, trees and natural resources. Freehold is different to a leasehold, in which the property is kept by the owner of the land after the lease has expired. Ownership of a freehold estate is indefinite amount of time.

Freehold is used in the laws of many Commonwealth countries. It comes from the United Kingdom.
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 8

***America's Next Top Model, Cycle 8*** is the eighth cycle of _America's Next Top Model_. Thirteen girls participated. The winner was 20-year old Jaslene Gonzalez (who did not make the cut last cycle).

## Contestants

- Renee Alway 3rd
- Whitney Cunningham 7th
- Kathleen DuJour 13th
- Samantha Francis 12th
- Natasha Galkina Runner-up
- Jaslene Gonzalez **Winner**
- Brittany Hatch 5th
- Felicia Provost 10th
- Jael Strauss 6th
- Sarah VonderHaar 8th
- Dionne Walters 4th
- Cassandra Watson 11th
- Diana Zalewski 9th

## Prizes

- A modeling contract with Elite Model Managment
- A spread in Seventeen Magazines
- A $100,000 contract with CoverGirl

## Episodes

1.
_casting episode_

2.
- Best: Jaslene Gonzalez
- Worst: Kathleen DuJour & Jael Strauss
- Eliminated: Kathleen DuJour
3.
- Best: Jaslene Gonzalez
- Worst: Samantha Francis & Natasha Galkina
- Eliminated: Samantha Francis
4.
- Best: Brittany Hatch
- Worst: Diana Zalewski & Cassandra Watson
- Eliminated: Cassandra Watson
5.
- Best: Renee Alway
- Worst: Dionne Walters & Felicia Provost
- Eliminated: Felicia Provost
6.
- Best: Natasha Galkina
- Worst: Whitney Cunningham & Diana Zalewski
- Eliminated: Diana Zalewski
7.
- Best: Jael Strauss
- Worst: Whitelle Cunningham & Moe VonderHaar
- Eliminated: Moe VonderHaar
8.
- Best: Dionne Walters
- Worst: Jael Strauss & Whitney Cunningham
- Eliminated: Whitney Cunningham
9.
- Best: Natasha Galkina
- Worst: Brittany Hatch & Jael Strauss
- Eliminated: Jael Strauss
10.
- Best: Jaslene Gonzalez
- Worst: Dionne Walters & Brittany Hatch
- Eliminated: Brittany Hatch
11.
- Best: Renee Alway
- Worst: Natasha Galkina & Dionne Walters
- Eliminated: Dionne Walters
12.
- Best: Jaslene Gonzalez
- Worst: Natasha Galkina & Renee Alway
- Eliminated: Renee Alway

- Final Two: Natasha Galkina & Jaslene Gonzalez
- America's Next Top Model: Jaslene Gonzalez
Control unit

The **control unit** is a part of a computer's central processing unit (CPU).  It controls the activity of all other units in the computer system, giving them directions.  Its main job is to get the code from the program, decode it and operate the arithmetic logic unit and other units to run the code.  The control unit manages all the computer resources. It directs the flow of data between the CPU and the other devices.

## Electronic control unit

A term for any embedded system that controls one or more electrical systems or subsystems in a vehicle.
South China Sea Islands

**South China Sea Islands** are 250+ small islands, atolls, cays, shoals, reefs, and sandbars in the South China Sea.  Most of these small islands are uninhabited.

There are minerals, natural gas, and oil deposits on the islands or under the seafloor near the islands.

## List

The islands in the South China Sea include
- Spratly Islands -- disputed by the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Republic of China {ROC(Taiwan)} , Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and the Philippines
- Paracel Islands -- disputed by the PRC, the ROC and Vietnam
- Pratas Islands -- disputed by the PRC and the ROC
- Macclesfield Bank -- disputed by the PRC, the ROC, the Philippines and Vietnam.
- Scarborough Shoal -- disputed by the PRC and the ROC

### Further reading

- Li, Jin Ming and Li Dexia. "The Dotted Line on the Chinese Map of the South China Sea: A Note,"  _Ocean Development & International Law,_ 34:287–295.
Jim Kelly

**James Edward Kelly** (born February 14, 1960) is a former American football quarterback in the NFL for the Buffalo Bills and in the USFL for the Houston Gamblers. He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes. While Kelly was drafted by the Bills in 1983, he did not want to play for them at first, instead joining the Gamblers in the USFL. He was a star player for Houston until the USFL went out of business in 1986, after which he finally joined the Bills.

Kelly continued playing at a high level, helping the Bills become one of the NFL's best teams for some time. From 1990 to 1993, the Bills appeared in four straight Super Bowls with Kelly at quarterback. Though the Bills failed to win every time, they remain the only team in NFL history to make it to four or more Super Bowls as of 2019. Long after retiring in 1997, Kelly is still considered the greatest quarterback in Buffalo Bills team history by many people, as he still holds many passing records for the team.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Jim Kelly
- **image**: Jim Kelly 2010.jpg
- **image size**: 220
- **caption**: Kelly in 2010
- **position**: Quarterback
- **number**: 12
- **birth place**: Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lbs**: 226
- **high school**: East Brady, Pennsylvania, East Brady (PA)
- **draftyear**: 1983
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 14
- **college**: Miami Hurricanes football, Miami (FL)
- **pastteams**: * Houston Gamblers (–)
* Buffalo Bills (–)
- **highlights**: **NFL**
* 5× Pro Bowl (1988 Pro Bowl, 1987, 1989 Pro Bowl, 1988, 1991 Pro Bowl, 1990–1993 Pro Bowl, 1992)
* First-team All-Pro (1991 All-Pro Team, 1991)
* 2× Second-team All-Pro (1990 All-Pro Team, 1990, 1992 All-Pro Team, 1992)
* List of National Football League season passing touchdowns leaders, NFL passing touchdowns leader (1991)
* List of NFL annual passer rating leaders, NFL passer rating leader (1990)
* 4× AFC Champion (1990–1993)
* Buffalo Bills#Retired numbers, Buffalo Bills No. 12 retired
* Buffalo Bills#Buffalo Bills Wall of Fame, Buffalo Bills Wall of Fame
**USFL**
* 2× USFL All-League Team (1984 USFL season#Awards, 1984, 1985 USFL season#Awards, 1985)
* USFL Most Valuable Player (1984)
* USFL Rookie of the Year (1984)
* USFL All-Time Team
- **statlabel1**: Touchdown, TD–Interception, INT
- **statvalue1**: 237–175
- **statlabel2**: Yards
- **statvalue2**: 35,467
- **statlabel3**: Passer rating
- **statvalue3**: 84.4
- **nfl**: KEL581385
- **pfr**: KellJi00
- **hof**: jim-kelly
W. E. B. Du Bois

**William Edward Burghardt "W. E. B." Du Bois** ( ; February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was a very respected American-Ghanaian sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, and editor. He was the leader of a group of African-American activists who wanted equal rights for blacks. Du Bois and his supporters opposed the Atlanta Compromise by Booker T. Washington.

Du Bois was born on February 23, 1868 (approximately) in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He studied at Fisk University, Harvard University, and the University of Berlin.

Du Bois was married to Nina Gomer Du Bois from 1895 until her death in 1950. Then he was married to Shirley Lola Graham from 1951 until his death in 1963. Du Bois had two children with Gomer and one son with Graham.

In early 1963, the United States refused to renew his passport, so he decided to become a citizen of Ghana. Du Bois did not renounce his U.S. citizenship  and moved from his home in New York City to Accra, Ghana.

Du Bois died on August 27, 1963 in his home in Accra from natural causes, aged 95. Du Bois received a state funeral. He was buried near his home in Accra.

## Other websites

- University Massachusetts Amherst Website
- University of Massachusetts Amherst Du Bois collection
- Du Bois Lifetime Chronology
- W.E.B. Du Bois in Georgia /New Georgia Encyclopedia
- Poems by W. E. B. Du Bois at PoetryFoundation.org
John Jay O'Connor

**John Jay O'Connor III** (January 10, 1930 – November 11, 2009) was an American lawyer and the husband United States Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman to serve the court. He had Alzheimer's disease. Because of the disease, his wife retired from the United States Supreme Court in 2005.

O'Connor was born on January 10, 1930 in San Francisco, California. He studied at Stanford University. He received many college degrees during the 1950s. O'Connor married Sandra Day O'Connor in 1952, after they met in Arizona. They had three sons. O'Connor died on November 11, 2009 in his home in Phoenix, Arizona from Alzheimer's disease, aged 79.

## Other websites

- Los Angeles Times: John J. O'Connor III dies at 79; attorney and husband of former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Jay O'Connor
- **image**: SandraOconnor and GeorgeWBush May2004.jpg
- **caption**: Associate Justice O'Connor and her husband John O'Connor with President George W. Bush in May 2004
- **birth name**: John Jay O'Connor III
- **birth place**: San Francisco, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.
- **death cause**: Alzheimer's disease
- **spouse**: Sandra Day O'Connor (1952–2009, his death)
- **parents**: John Jay O'Connor II
Sally Flynn O'Connor
- **occupation**: lawyer
- **alma mater**: Stanford University <small>(Bachelor's degree, 1951 and law degree, 1953)</small>
Texas City, Texas

**Texas City** is a city in Chambers and Galveston counties in southeastern Texas. The 2020 Census showed 51,898 people living there. This city was officially incorporated in 1911.