Kingdom of Romania

The **Kingdom of Romania** (or 'Romania' after 1969) was a constitutional monarchy which existed between 13 March 1881 and 30 December 1947, specified by the First (in 1866), and respectively, the Second Constitution of Romania. Thus, the **Kingdom of Romania** began with the reign of King Carol I of Romania and later replaced by Michael I of Romania . It's Prime minister was Ion Antonescu who was prime minister from 1940-1944 . He was later executed in 1946, 2 years after the defeat of Nazi Germany, Italy, Hungary, Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria and Japan, which were the countries in the Axis Powers who were defeated in 1945.

From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two vassal principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) to a full-fledged independent kingdom. During 1918-20, at the end of World War I, Transylvania, Eastern Moldavia (Bessarabia), and Bukovina were united with the Kingdom of Romania. In 1940, Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, Northern Transylvania and Southern Dobruja were ceded to the Soviet Union, Hungary and Bulgaria. In 1947 the last king was compelled to abdicate from throne. The socialist republic, ruled by the Romanian Communist Party replaced the monarchy after Joseph Stalin occupied Romania in 1945.

## Related pages

- Fascism
- Iași pogrom
- Ion Antonescu
- The Holocaust
- Odessa massacre (1941)

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Kingdom of Romania <hr />National Legionary State
- **era**: Belle ÉpoqueWorld War IInterwar periodWorld War II
- **event start**: United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia#History, Kingdom proclaimed
- **year start**: 1881
- **date start**: 14 March
- **event1**: Treaty of Bucharest (1913), Treaty of Bucharest
- **date event1**: 10 August 1913
- **event2**: Treaty of Trianon
- **date event2**: 4 June 1920
- **event3**: 1923 Constitution of Romania, Constitution adopted
- **date event3**: 29 March 1923
- **event4**: 1938 Constitution of Romania, Constitution adopted
- **date event4**: 20 February 1938
- **event6**: Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom, Iron Guard rebellion
- **date event6**: 21 January 1941
- **event7**: King Michael's Coup
- **date event7**: 23 August 1944
- **event8**: Soviet occupation of Romania, Soviet occupation
- **date event8**: 12 September 1944
- **event end**: Socialist Republic of Romania, Republic proclaimed
- **year end**: 1947
- **date end**: 30 December
- **p1**: United Principalities<small>**1881:**</small>
United Principalities
- **flag p1**: Flag of the United Principalities of Romania (1862 - 1866).svg
- **p2**: Kingdom of Bulgaria<small>**1913:**</small>
Kingdom of Bulgaria
- **flag p2**: Flag of Bulgaria.svg
- **p3**: Moldavian Democratic Republic<small>**1918:**</small>
Moldavian Democratic Republic
- **flag p3**: Флаг Молдавской демократической республики.svg
- **p4**: Duchy of Bukovina
- **flag p4**: Flag of Austria-Hungary 1869-1918.svg
- **p5**: Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)Kingdom of Hungary
- **flag p5**: Flag of Hungary (1920–1946).svg
- **s1**: Soviet Union
- **flag s1**: Flag of the Soviet Union (1936-1955).svg
- **s2**: Kingdom of Bulgaria
- **flag s2**: Flag of Bulgaria.svg
- **s3**: Socialist Republic of Romania<small>**1947:**</small>
Socialist Republic of Romania
- **flag s3**: Flag of Romania (1948-1952).svg
- **image flag**: Flag of Romania.svg
- **image coat**: Kingdom of Romania - Medium CoA.svg
- **image map**: Kingdom of Romania (1942).svg
- **map caption**: Romania in 1942
- **image map caption**: The Kingdom of Romania in 1939
- **national motto**: _Nihil Sine Deo_
<small>("Nothing without God")</small>
- **national anthem**:
_Trăiască Regele_
<small>("Long live the King")</small>
- **other symbol**: <div style="padding:0.3em;"></div>
- **other symbol type**: Romania, Greater coat of arms:
- **common languages**: Romanian language, Romanian (official)
German language, German, and Hungarian language, Hungarian
- **religion**: Romanian Orthodox Church, Romanian Orthodox
- **capital**: Bucharest
<small>(1881–1916, 1918–1947)</small>
Iași (Jassy)
<small>(1916–1918)</small>
- **government type**:

Absolute monarchy
<small>(1938–1940)</small>
Kingdom of Romania under Fascism, Fascist dictatorship
<small>(1937–1938; 1940–1941)</small>
Military dictatorship
<small>(1941–1944)</small>
- **title leader**: King of the Romanians, King
- **leader1**: Carol I of Romania, Carol I
- **year leader1**: 1881–1914
- **leader2**: Ferdinand I of Romania, Ferdinand I
- **year leader2**: 1914–1927
- **leader3**: Michael I of Romania, Michael I <small>(1st reign)</small>
- **year leader3**: 1927–1930
- **leader4**: Carol II of Romania, Carol II
- **year leader4**: 1930–1940
- **leader5**: Michael I <small>(2nd reign)</small>
- **year leader5**: 1940–1947
- **deputy1**: Ion Brătianu <small>(first)</small>
- **deputy2**: Ion Antonescu<sup>#inforefa, [a]</sup>
- **deputy3**: Petru Groza <small>(last)</small>
- **year deputy1**: 1881
- **year deputy2**: 1940–1944
- **year deputy3**: 1945–1947
- **title deputy**: List of Prime Ministers of Romania, Prime Minister
- **legislature**: Parliament of Romania, Parliament
- **house1**: Senate of Romania, Senate
- **house2**: Chamber of Deputies (Romania), Chamber of Deputies
- **stat year1**: 1915<sup>#inforefb, [b]</sup>
- **stat area1**: 138000
- **stat pop1**: 7,900,000
- **stat year2**: 1940<sup>#inforefb, [b]</sup><sup>#inforefc, [c]</sup>
- **stat area2**: 295049
- **stat pop2**: 20,058,378
- **currency**: Romanian Leu
- **footnotes**: a. **#infoa, ^** Was formally declared _Conducător_ (literally, "Leader") of the state on 6 September 1940, by a royal decree which consecrated a ceremonial role for the monarch.
b. **#infob, ^** Area and population according to Ioan Suciu, _Istoria contemporana a României (1918–2005)_.
c. **#infoc, ^** The indicator for the localities of Romania (1941).