juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Battle of Falkirk

The Battle of Falkirk (_Blàr na h-Eaglaise Brice_ in Scottish Gaelic) was a battle that occurred on the 22nd of July 1298. It is considered one of the major (most important) battles of the First Scottish War of Independence. In it, the English Army beat the Scottish Army.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Falkirk
- **partof**: the First War of Scottish Independence
- **image**: The Bishop of Durham's Charge at Falkirk.jpg
- **caption**: A British illustration of Antony Bek's charge
- **date**: 22 July 1298
- **place**: Falkirk, Scotland
- **result**: English victory
- **combatant1**:  Kingdom of Scotland
- **combatant2**:  Kingdom of England
* County Palatine of Durham
- **commander1**:  William Wallace
 John Stewart of Bonkyll, John of Bonkyll
John de Graeme
Macduff of Fife
- **commander2**:  Edward I of England
 Antony Bek (bishop of Durham), Antony Bek
- **strength1**: 6,000 men
* 1,000 cavalry
* 5,000 infantry
- **strength2**: 15,000 men
* 2,500 cavalry
* 12,500 infantry
- **casualties1**: Around 2,000 killed
- **casualties2**: 2,000 killed
Halvard Hanevold

**Halvard Hanevold** (3 December 1969 – 3 September 2019) was a Norwegian biathlete. He was born in Asker, Norway. Hanevold won an Olympic gold medal at the 1998, 2002 and in 2010. He also won two  silver medals in 1998 and in 2006. He also won a bronze medal in 2006.

Hanevold died on 3 September 2019 in Asker at the age of 49.

## Other websites

- Database Olympics
Ryszard Czerniawski

**Ryszard Waldemar Czerniawski** (20 August 1952 – 31 August 2019) was a Polish lawyer and economist. He worked as a journalist from 1976 to 1990 for the first at the Polish Press Agency and then at the weekly _Prawo i Życie_ (_Law and Life_).

Between 1990 and 1991, he was head of the Legal Department within the Capital Markets Development Division at the Ministry of Privatisation; and from 1991 until 1994 a Director of the Legal Department at the Warsaw Stock Exchange, eventually becoming vice-chairman of the Board of the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 1994, where he worked until June 2006.

Czerniawski was born in Warsaw. He died on 31 August 2019 at the age of 67. His death was announced on 2 September.

## Other websites

- Warsaw Stock Exchange
- list of articles connected with Ryszard Czerniawski from Gazeta.pl
Jaswant Singh

**Jaswant Singh** (3 January 1938 – 27 September 2020) was an Indian politician. He was a founding member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He was one of India's longest serving parliamentarians, serving as a member of parliament between 1980 and 2014.

He was the Minister of Finance, External Affairs and Defence. He was also Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission (1998–99). After his party lost power in 2004, Jaswant Singh w as Leader of Opposition in the Rajya Sabha from 2004 to 2009.

He was the candidate for Vice president in 2012. He lost the election to Hamid Ansari.

In the mid-2010s, Singh wrote a book praising Jinnah. As a result, he was expelled from the BJP on 29 March 2014 and was forced off any elections he was running in under the party. He lost the election to the candidate put up by his former party.

Singh was born in Jasol, Rajputana Agency, British India. He studied at the Indian Military Academy and at Mayo College.

On 7 August 2014, Singh suffered a fall in the bathroom of his home in New Delhi and suffered a serious head injury. He was hospitalized and was in a coma until his death on 27 September 2020. Singh died of cardiac arrest, sepsis and multiple organ failure caused by injuries from the fall, aged 82.
Mary Ma

**Mary Ma** or **Ma Xuezheng** (; 1952/53 – 31 August 2019) was a Chinese business executive and investor. She was Chief Financial Officer of the computer maker Lenovo. She played a key role in the company's acquisition of IBM's personal computer division in 2005. She was named by Forbes as the world's 57th most powerful woman in that year.

After retiring from Lenovo in 2007, she worked in private equity and co-founded Boyu Capital, which invested in companies such as Alibaba Group and Megvii.

Ma died on 31 August 2019 from pancreatic cancer at the age of 66.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mary Ma
- **birth date**: 1952 or 1953
- **death date**: 31 August 2019 (aged 66)
- **education**: Capital Normal University,
University of London
- **occupation**: Businesswoman, investor
Margaret Beazley

**Margaret Joan Beazley**,  (born 23 July 1951) is an Australian jurist. She is the 39th and current Governor of New South Wales since 2 May 2019. She was the president of the New South Wales Court of Appeal, the first woman to hold the office, from 2013 until February 2019.

## Infobox (judge)

- **honorific-prefix**: Her Excellency The Honourable
- **name**: Margaret Beazley
- **nationality**: Australian
- **office**: 39th Governor of New South Wales
- **nominator**: Gladys Berejiklian
- **appointer**: Elizabeth II
- **predecessor**: David Hurley
- **office1**: President of the New South Wales Court of Appeal
- **term start1**: 1 March 2013
- **term end1**: 27 February 2019
- **predecessor1**: James Allsop
- **successor1**: Andrew Bell (judge), Andrew Bell
- **office2**: Judge of the Federal Court of Australia
- **term start2**: 1 January 1993
- **term end2**: 28 April 1996
- **birth place**: Sydney, New South Wales
- **alma mater**: University of Sydney
- **spouse**: Dennis Wilson
- **children**: Erin, Lauren and Anthony Sullivan
Linda Dessau

**Linda Marion Dessau**  (born 8 May 1953) is an Australian jurist and barrister who served as the 29th Governor of Victoria from 2015 to 2023. She is the first female and the first Jewish holder of the office.

She was a judge of the Family Court of Australia from 1995 to 2013.

## Infobox (governor)

- **honorific prefix**: Her Excellency The Honourable
- **name**: Linda Dessau
- **honorific suffix**: Companion of the Order of Australia, AC
- **image**: Linda Dessau.jpg
- **order**: 29th
- **office**: Governor of Victoria
- **term start**: 1 July 2015
- **term end**: 30 June 2023
- **monarch**: Queen Elizabeth II, Elizabeth II
- **premier**: Daniel Andrews
- **lieutenant**: Marilyn Warren <small>(2015–2017)</small>
Ken Lay (police officer), Ken Lay <small>(2017–present)</small>
- **predecessor**: Alex Chernov
- **birth name**: Linda Marion Dessau
- **birth place**: East Melbourne, Victoria, East Melbourne, Victoria
- **nationality**: Australian
- **children**: 2
- **residence**: Government House, Melbourne
- **education**: St Catherine's School, Toorak
University of Melbourne
- **profession**: Jurist, barrister
- **website**: [http://governor.vic.gov.au Governor of Victoria]
David de Kretser

**David Morritz de Kretser** AC (born 27 April 1939) is an Australian medical researcher. He was the 27th Governor of Victoria from 2006 to 2011.

## Infobox (governor)

- **image**: David de Kretser Dsc 6787.jpg
- **honorific-prefix**: The Hon.
- **name**: David de Kretser
- **honorific-suffix**: Companion of the Order of Australia, AC
- **order**: 27th
- **office**: Governor of Victoria
- **term start**: 7 April 2006
- **term end**: 7 April 2011
- **lieutenant**: Marilyn Warren
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **premier**: Steve Bracks
John Brumby
Ted Baillieu
- **predecessor**: John Landy
- **successor**: Alex Chernov
- **birth place**: Colombo, British Ceylon
- **nationality**: Australian
- **spouse**: Jan de Kretser (née Warren)
- **education**: Camberwell Grammar School
University of Melbourne
Monash University
- **profession**: Medical researcher
Paul de Jersey

**Paul de Jersey**,  (born 21 September 1948) is an Australian jurist. He was the Governor of Queensland from 2014 until 2021. In November 2018 it was announced that de Jersey's original term had been extended by two years. From 1998 to 2014, he was Chief Justice of Queensland.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency The Honourable
- **name**: Paul de Jersey
- **image**: US Navy 110507-N-1X994-001 Members of the U.S. 7th Fleet Band are inspected by acting Governor and Chief Justice of Queensland the Honorable Paul d (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Paul de Jersey in 2011
- **nationality**: Australian
- **monarch**: Queen Elizabeth II, Elizabeth II
- **office**: 26th Governor of Queensland
- **term start**: 29 July 2014
- **term end**: 1 November 2021
- **premier**: Campbell Newman
Annastacia Palaszczuk
- **predecessor**: Penelope Wensley
- **successor**: Jeannette Young
- **order1**: 17th
- **office1**: Chief Justice of Queensland
- **term start1**: 17 February 1998
- **term end1**: 8 July 2014
- **predecessor1**: John Murtagh Macrossan (judge), John Macrossan
- **successor1**: Tim Carmody, Timothy Carmody
- **governor1**: Peter Arnison (1997–2003)
Quentin Bryce (2003–2008)
Penelope Wensley (2008–2014)
- **appointer1**: Peter Arnison representing Queen Elizabeth II
- **nominator1**: Rob Borbidge
- **birth place**: Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- **alma mater**: University of Queensland
- **allegiance**: Australia
- **branch**: Australian Army Reserve
- **serviceyears**: 1966–1971
- **rank**: Lieutenant
- **unit**: Queensland University Regiment
- **awards**: Companion of the Order of Australia
Venerable Order of Saint John, Knight of the Order of St John
Governor of Queensland

The **Governor of Queensland** is the representative in the state of Queensland of the King of Australia. The governor has the power to appoint and dismiss the Premier of Queensland and all other ministers in the cabinet, and issue writs for the election of the state parliament.

The current Governor of Queensland, Jeannette Young, was sworn in on 1 November 2021.

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Governor of Queensland
- **insignia**: Badge of the Governor of Queensland.svg
- **insigniasize**: 100px
- **image**: Jeannette Young, Chief Health Officer, Queensland Government, 2020 (cropped) 2.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **incumbent**: Jeannette Young
- **incumbentsince**: 1 November 2021
- **department**: Viceroy
- **style**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **residence**: Government House, Brisbane
- **appointer**: Monarchy of Australia, Australian monarch
- **termlength**: At Her Majesty's Pleasure
- **formation**: 10 December 1859
- **first**: George Bowen, Sir George Bowen
- **website**: [http://www.govhouse.qld.gov.au/ Office of the Governor]
Governor of Western Australia

The **Governor of Western Australia** is the representative in Western Australia of the King of Australia, Charles III.

As with the other governors of the Australian states, the Governor of Western Australia performs constitutional, ceremonial and community functions, including:

- presiding over the Executive Council;
- proroguing and dissolving the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council;
- issuing writs for elections; and
- appointing Ministers, Judges, Magistrates and Justices of the Peace.

The current governor is Kim Beazley. He succeeded Kerry Sanderson, who was the first woman to hold the position, in May 2018.

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Governor
- **body**: Western Australia
- **flagsize**: 150px
- **insignia**: Badge of the Governor of Western Australia.svg
- **insigniasize**: 100px
- **insigniacaption**: Badge of the Governor of Western Australia
- **image**: Kim Beazley crop.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **incumbent**: Kim Beazley <span style="font-size:80%" class="honorific-suffix">Companion of the Order of Australia, AC</span>
- **incumbentsince**: 1 May 2018
- **department**: Office of the Governor
Executive Council of Western Australia
- **style**: His Excellency the Honourable
- **reports to**: Australian monarchy, Monarch of Australia
- **residence**: Government House, Perth
- **seat**: Perth, Western Australia
- **nominator**: Premier of Western Australia
- **appointer**: Monarchy of Australia, Monarch of Australia
- **termlength**: At Her Majesty's pleasure
- **formation**: 6 February 1832
- **first**: James Stirling (Australian governor), Captain James Stirling
- **deputy**: Wayne Martin (judge), Lieutenant-Governor Wayne Martin
- **website**: [http://www.govhouse.wa.gov.au/governors-role-link/the-governor.html/ Office of the Governor]
Malcolm McCusker

**Malcolm James McCusker**  (born 6 August 1938) is an Australian barrister and philanthropist. He was the 31st Governor of Western Australia from July 2011 to June 2014.

## Infobox (governor)

- **image**: 11 Nov gnangarra-10.jpg
- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Malcolm McCusker
- **order**: 31st
- **office**: Governor of Western Australia
- **term start**: 1 July 2011
- **term end**: 30 June 2014
- **lieutenant**: Wayne Martin (judge), Wayne Martin
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **premier**: Colin Barnett
- **predecessor**: Ken Michael
- **successor**: Kerry Sanderson
- **birth name**: Malcolm James McCusker
- **birth place**: Subiaco, Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia
- **nationality**: Australian people, Australian
- **spouse**: Tonya McCusker ( Batalin)
- **children**: Four
- **alma mater**: University of Western Australia
- **profession**: Lawyer
Ken Michael

**Kenneth Comninos Michael**  (born 12 April 1938) an Australian civil engineer and politician. He was the 30th Governor of Western Australia from 2006 to 2011.

## Infobox (governor)

- **image**: Ken Michael.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Ken Michael
- **order**: 30th
- **office**: Governor of Western Australia
- **term start**: 18 January 2006
- **term end**: 2 May 2011
- **lieutenant**: Wayne Martin (judge), Wayne Martin
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **premier**: Alan Carpenter
Colin Barnett
- **predecessor**: John Sanderson
- **successor**: Malcolm McCusker
- **birth place**: Perth, Western Australia
- **nationality**: Australia
- **spouse**: Julie Diana Michael (dec. 2014)
- **residence**: South Perth, Western Australia, South Perth
- **alma mater**: University of Western Australia
Imperial College
- **profession**: Civil engineer
Governor of South Australia

The **Governor of South Australia** is the representative in the Australian state of South Australia of Charles III, King of Australia. The Governor performs the same constitutional and ceremonial functions at the state level as does the Governor-General of Australia at the national level.

The current governor is Frances Adamson. The Governor's official residence is Government House, in Adelaide, the state's capital.

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Governor
- **body**: South Australia
- **flagsize**: 150px
- **insignia**: Badge of the Governor of South Australia.svg
- **insigniasize**: 100px
- **insigniacaption**: Badge of the Governor of South Australia
- **image**: Frances Adamson.jpg
- **incumbent**: Frances Adamson
- **incumbentsince**: 7 October 2021
- **department**: Office of the Governor
Executive Council of South Australia
- **style**: His Excellency The Honourable
- **reports to**: Australian monarchy, Monarch of Australia
- **residence**: Government House, Adelaide
- **seat**: Adelaide, South Australia
- **nominator**: Premier of South Australia
- **appointer**: Monarchy of Australia, Monarch of Australia
- **termlength**: At Her Majesty's pleasure
- **formation**: 28 December 1836
- **first**: John Hindmarsh, Captain John Hindmarsh
- **deputy**: Brenda Wilson, Lieutenant-Governor Brenda Wilson
- **website**: [http://www.governor.sa.gov.au/ Office of the Governor]
Governor of Tasmania

The **Governor of Tasmania** is the representative in the Australian state of Tasmania of Charles III, King of Australia. The Governor performs the same constitutional and ceremonial functions at the state level as the Governor-General of Australia does at the national level.

The official residence of the Governor is Government House located at the Queens Domain.

The first Australian-born Governor of Tasmania was Sir Stanley Burbury (appointed 1973).  The first Tasmanian-born governor was Sir Guy Green (appointed 1995).

In May 2021, Premier Peter Gutwein announced that Barbara Baker would replace Kate Warner as governor of Tasmania on 16 June 2021.

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Governor of Tasmania
- **flagsize**: 150px
- **insignia**: Badge of the Governor of Tasmania.svg
- **insigniasize**: 100px
- **insigniacaption**: Badge of the Governor
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **incumbent**: Barbara Baker (judge), Barbara Baker
- **incumbentsince**: 16 June 2021
- **department**: Viceroy
- **style**: Her Excellency
- **residence**: Government House, Hobart
- **appointer**: Monarchy of Australia, Australian monarch
- **termlength**: At Her Majesty's pleasure
- **formation**: 8 January 1855
- **first**: Henry Young, Sir Henry Fox Young
Vicki O'Halloran

**Vicki Susan O'Halloran**,  (born 20 June 1964), is an Australian businesswoman and community worker. She was CEO of Somerville Community Services in the Northern Territory from 1998 to 2017. On 31 October 2017, she was sworn in as the 22nd Administrator of the Northern Territory, replacing John Hardy.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Her Honour the Honourable
- **name**: Vicki O'Halloran
- **order**: 22nd
- **office**: Administrator of the Northern Territory
- **term start**: 31 October 2017
- **governor general**: Peter Cosgrove, Sir Peter Cosgrove (2017–19)
David Hurley (2019–)
- **predecessor**: John Hardy (aviator), John Hardy
- **birthname**: Vicki Susan Cuttriss
- **birth place**: Burnie, Tasmania, Australia
- **nationality**: Australian
- **alma mater**: Charles Darwin University
Eric Hutchinson (politician)

**Eric Russell Hutchinson** (born 19 June 1965) is a former Australian politician. He represented the Division of Lyons in the Australian House of Representatives from September 2013 to July 2016 as a member of the Liberal Party of Australia. He is the Administrator of Norfolk Island since April 2017.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Eric Hutchinson
- **office**: Administrator of Norfolk Island
- **term start**: 1 April 2017
- **predecessor**: Gary Hardgrave
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **governor-general**: Sir Peter Cosgrove
David Hurley
- **constituency mp1**: Division of Lyons, Lyons
- **parliament1**: Australian
- **predecessor1**: Dick Adams (politician), Dick Adams
- **successor1**: Brian Mitchell (politician), Brian Mitchell
- **term start1**: 7 September 2013
- **term end1**: 2 July 2016
- **birth name**: Eric Russell Hutchinson
- **birth place**: Launceston, Tasmania
- **spouse**: Amanda
- **party**: Liberal Party of Australia
- **children**: 2
- **occupation**: Business manager
Administrator of Norfolk Island

The **Administrator of Norfolk Island** acts as a representative both of The Crown and of the Government of Australia, as well as carrying out other duties according to the _Norfolk Island Amendment Act 2015_.

Since its construction in 1829, Government House located in KAVHA, Kingston has been the residence of the governors, commandants, and administrators of Norfolk Island.
Australian Indian Ocean Territories

**Australian Indian Ocean Territories** is the name since 1995 of an administrative unit under the Australian Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government, consisting of two islands groups in the Indian Ocean under Australian sovereignty:
- Christmas Island (), where the administrator resides
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands archipelago (), where the same officer also has jurisdiction as administrator but does not reside

This does not include Heard and McDonald Islands, or islands close to Antarctica in the Indian Ocean and administered by Australia.

## Administrators of the Australian Indian Ocean Territories

|No.|Name|Took office|Left office|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Danny Ambrose Gillespie|1 July 1994|30 June 1996|
|2|Ron Harvey|1 October 1997|30 October 1998|
|3|Bill Taylor|4 February 1999|30 July 2003|
|4|Evan Williams|1 November 2003|31 October 2005|
|5|Neil Lucas|30 January 2006|22 February 2008|
|6|Brian Lacy|5 October 2009|5 October 2012|
|7|Jon Stanhope|5 October 2012|5 October 2014|
|8|Barry Haase|6 October 2014|4 October 2017|
|9|Natasha Griggs|5 October 2017|Incumbent|

## Other websites

- WorldStatesmen- Australia- Cocos (Keeling) islands
- WorldStatesmen- Australia- Christmas Island
Natasha Griggs

**Natasha Louise Griggs** (born 24 January 1969) is a former Australian politician. Since 5 October 2017, Griggs has been the Administrator of the Australian Indian Ocean Territories since October 2017.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Natasha Griggs
- **image**: Natasha_Griggs_Portrait_2014.png
- **office**: Administrator (Australia), Administrator of the Australian Indian Ocean Territories
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
Charles III
- **governor-general**: Sir Peter Cosgrove
David Hurley
- **term start**: 5 October 2017
- **predecessor**: Barry Haase
- **constituency mp1**: Division of Solomon, Solomon
- **parliament1**: Australian
- **term start1**: 21 August 2010
- **term end1**: 2 July 2016
- **predecessor1**: Damian Hale
- **successor1**: Luke Gosling
- **birth name**: Natasha Louise Griggs
- **birth place**: Adelaide, South Australia
- **nationality**: Australian
- **party**: Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal
- **otherparty**: country Liberal Party, Country Liberal
- **spouse**: Paul Griggs
- **children**: Aaron
- **residence**: Palmerston, Northern Territory
- **alma mater**: Northern Territory University
- **occupation**: Politician
Ronald Harvey (administrator)

**Ronald George "Ron" Harvey**,  (born 9 June 1934) is a former senior Australian public servant and sport administrator. He was the third Director of the Australian Institute of Sport from 1987 until 1989. He was the Administrator of the Australian Indian Ocean Territories from 1997 through 1998.
Bill Taylor (naval officer)

Commodore **William Leonard Taylor** (born 14 September 1938) was an Australian naval officer and politician. He was born in Toowoomba, Queensland. He was the Administrator of the Australian Indian Ocean Territories from 1999 through 2003. He was a member of the Australian Parliament for Groom between April 1988 through August 1998.
Adrianus Johannes Simonis

**Adrianus Johannes Simonis** (26 November 1931 – 2 September 2020) was a Dutch Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Utrecht from 1983 to 2007, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1985. He was born in Lisse, Netherlands.

In 2010, Simonis was accused of protecting priests who were accused of molesting and sexually abusing minors.

Simonis died on 2 September 2020 in Voorhout, Netherlands at the age of 88.
José Freire Falcão

**José Freire Falcão** (; 23 October 1925 – 26 September 2021) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic cardinal. He was the Archbishop of Brasília. He was also the Cardinal-Priest of San Luca a Via Prenestina when he was made a cardinal in 1988. He was born in Ererê, Brazil.

Freire Falcão died on 26 September 2021 at a hospital in Brasilia, Brazil from COVID-19, aged 95.
Henryk Gulbinowicz

**Henryk Gulbinowicz** (17 October 1923 – 16 November 2020) was a Polish cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the Archbishop of Wrocław from 1976 to 2004. He was made a cardinal in 1985 by Pope John Paul II.

## Early life and education

Henryk Gulbinowicz was born in Wilno, Poland (now Lithuania). He was ordained a priest on 18 June 1950 by Archbishop Romuald Jałbrzykowski.

## Ecclesiastical career

In 1970, Gulbinowicz was appointed titular bishop of Acci and auxiliary bishop of Białystok. He was consecrated by Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński. In 1976, he became the Archbishop of Wrocław. Pope John Paul II elevated him to the rank of cardinal in 1985.

## Activities as Archbishop

As Archbishop of Wrocław, Gulbinowicz was known for supporting the anti-communist opposition in Poland. He provided shelter and support for Solidarity.

## Controversies

In his later years, Henryk Gulbinowicz faced accusations of covering up cases of sexual abuse within the Church. In 2020, the Vatican sanctioned him, removing his right to wear a bishop's insignia and attend public religious ceremonies.

## Death

Gulbinowicz died on 16 November 2020 in Wrocław, Poland from respiratory and heart failure caused by pneumonia, aged 97.

## Other websites

- Henryk Gulbinowicz at Catholic-Hierarchy.org

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Cardinal
- **honorific prefix**: Cardinal (Catholic Church), His Eminence
- **name**: Henryk Gulbinowicz
- **title**: Archbishop of Wrocław
- **image**: Kard. Henryk Gulbinowicz.jpg
- **church**: Roman Catholic Church
- **archdiocese**: Wrocław
- **term**: 1976–2004
- **predecessor**: Bolesław Kominek
- **successor**: Marian Gołębiewski
- **ordination**: 18 June 1950
- **ordained by**: Romuald Jałbrzykowski
- **consecration**: 8 February 1970
- **consecrated by**: Stefan Wyszyński
- **cardinal**: 25 May 1985
- **created cardinal by**: John Paul II
- **rank**: Cardinal-Priest
- **birth name**: Henryk Roman Gulbinowicz
- **birth place**: Šukiškės, Poland (now Lithuania)
- **death place**: Wrocław, Poland
- **nationality**: Polish
- **religion**: Roman Catholic
- **motto**: _Patientia et Caritas_
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Henryk Roman Gulbinowicz.svg
Jozef Tomko

**Jozef Tomko** (11 March 1924 – 8 August 2022) was a Slovak Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples from 1985 to 2001, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1985.

Tomko became the oldest living member of the College of Cardinals in July 2021, after the death of Albert Vanhoye.

Tomko died on 8 August 2022 from problems caused by a fall in Rome, Italy at the age of 98.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: cardinal
- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Jozef Tomko
- **title**: Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses, President Emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses
- **image**: J.Em. Jozef kardinál Tomko.jpg
- **caption**: Jozef Tomko in 2018 at Zvir Mountain in Litmanová, Slovakia
- **appointed**: 23 October 2001
- **term end**: 1 October 2007
- **predecessor**: Edouard Gagnon
- **successor**: Piero Marini
- **other post**: Santa Sabina, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Sabina
- **ordination**: 12 March 1949
- **ordained by**: Luigi Traglia
- **consecration**: 15 September 1979
- **consecrated by**: Pope John Paul II
- **cardinal**: 25 May 1985
- **rank**: Cardinal-Priest
- **birth place**: Udavské, Czechoslovakia _<small>(Present day Slovakia)</small>_
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **nationality**: Slovak
- **religion**: Roman Catholic
- **motto**: ut ecclesia aedificetur
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Jozef Tomko.svg
Paul Poupard

**Paul Joseph Jean Poupard** (born 30 August 1930) is a French prelate of the Catholic Church. He has been a Cardinal since 1985. He held job of the Roman Curia for more than 25 years, was President of the Pontifical Council for Culture from 1988 to 2007 and briefly as President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue. Poupard was born in Bouzillé, Maine-et-Loire.

## Other websites

- Bio
- Speech - 27 June 2001 (Archived: 8 February 2007)
- Pontifical Council for Culture (Dicastery presided over by Cardinal Poupard)
Friedrich Wetter

**Friedrich Wetter** (born 20 February 1928) is a German cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Munich and Freising, Germany, from 1982 to 2007. He was Bishop of Speyer from 1968 to 1982. Pope John Paul II made him a cardinal in 1985. Wetter was born in Landau (Rhineland-Palatinate).
Christian Tumi

**Christian Wiyghan Tumi** (15 October 1930 – 2 April 2021) was a Cameroonian Cardinal Priest and the Archbishop Emeritus of Douala in the Catholic Church. Tumi is known as _Santi Martiri dell'Uganda a Poggio Ameno_. He was made cardinal on 28 June 1988 by Pope John Paul II, Cardinal Tumi was named the Archbishop of Douala on 31 August 1991.

Tumi died on 2 April 2021, aged 90.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Cardinal
- **honorific prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Christian Tumi
- **title**: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Douala, Archbishop of Douala
- **image**: Wiyghan Tumi.jpg
- **caption**: Tumi in 2019
- **church**: Roman Catholic Church
- **archdiocese**: Douala
- **see**: Douala
- **appointed**: 31 August 1991
- **term end**: 17 November 2009
- **predecessor**: Simon Tonyé
- **successor**: Samuel Kleda
- **other post**: Cardinal-Priest of Santi Martiri dell'Uganda a Poggio Ameno (1988-2021)
- **ordination**: 17 April 1966
- **ordained by**: Julius Joseph Willem Peeters
- **consecration**: 6 January 1980
- **consecrated by**: Pope John Paul II
- **cardinal**: 28 June 1988
- **created cardinal by**: Pope John Paul II
- **rank**: Cardinal-Priest
- **birth name**: Christian Wiyghan Tumi
- **birth place**: Kikaikelaki, Cameroon
- **death place**: Douala, Cameroon
- **alma mater**: University of Fribourg
- **motto**: _Me voici je viens faire ta volonté_
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Christian Wiyghan Tumi.svg


## Infobox (cardinalstyles)

- **cardinal name**: Christian Cardinal Tumi
- **dipstyle**: His Eminence
- **offstyle**: Your Eminence
- **see**: Douala
- **image**: Coat of arms of Christian Wiyghan Tumi.svg
- **image size**: 200px
Alexandre José Maria dos Santos

**Alexandre José Maria dos Santos**, O.F.M. (18 March 1924 – 29 September 2021) was a Roman Catholic Mozambican cardinal. He was the first native cardinal of Mozambique.

He was born in Zavala, Mozambique. He was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1953.

He was archbishop of Maputo, between 1975 and 2003. On 26 June 1988 he was created a cardinal by Pope John Paul II, and given the titular church of San Frumenzio ai Prati Fiscali.

Santos died on 29 September 2021 at the age of 97.
Peter Lindbergh

**Peter Lindbergh**, born **Peter Brodbeck** (23 November 1944 – 3 September 2019), was a German photographer and movie director. He was known for his cinematic images. His best known movie works were _Models, The Film_ (1991); _Inner Voices_ (1999), which won the Best Documentary Award at the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) in 2000; _Pina Bausch, Der Fensterputzer_ (2001) and _Everywhere at Once_ (2008).

Lindbergh died on 3 September 2019 at the age of 74.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Peter Lindbergh
- **image**: Peter Lindbergh by Stefan Rappo 2015 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Lindbergh in 2015
- **birth name**: Peter Brodbeck
- **birth place**: Leszno, Lissa (Leszno), Reichsgau Wartheland, German occupied Poland
- **nationality**: German
- **spouse**: Petra Sedlaczek (m. 2002)
- **children**: Benjamin Brodbeck-Lindbergh
Jeremy Brodbeck-Lindbergh
Brodbeck & de Barbuat, Simon Brodbeck-Lindbergh
Joseph Brodbeck-Lindbergh
- **occupation**: Photographer
Editorial

An **editorial**, **leading article** (US) or **leader** (UK), is an article written by the senior editors of a newspaper or magazine. The article is often unsigned. Australian and major United States newspapers, such as _The New York Times_ and _The Boston Globe_, often give editorials the heading "opinion".

Editorials can also be in the form of a cartoon.

The editors decide on which issues their readers will want to know the newspaper's opinion.

Editorials are usually published on a special page, called the editorial page. This often features letters to the editor from members of the public. The page opposite this page is called the op-ed page (opposite the editorial); and has opinion pieces by writers not employed by the publication.  However, a newspaper may choose to publish an editorial on the front page. In the English-language press, this occurs rarely and only on topics considered very important; it is more common, however, in some European countries such as Spain, Italy, and France.

Many newspapers do not put the name of the author on the editorial. Tom Clark, editorial writer for _The Guardian_, argues that it helps readers discuss the issue, not the author. On the other hand, an editorial does reflect the position of a newspaper and the head of the newspaper, the editor, is known by name. Whilst the editor will often not write the editorial themselves, they maintain oversight and retain responsibility.

When _The Press_, a New Zealand newspaper based in Christchurch, changed after 157 years from broadsheet to compact in 2018, they published a list of editorials where current thinking differs from opinions expressed at the time. One example was the change in their view on women's suffrage in New Zealand. The government gave women the vote in 1893, and the editorial said that women would "much prefer staying at home and attending to their household duties" than going to the polling booths.

In fashion publishing, the term is often used to refer to _photo_-editorials. These are often full-page photographs on a particular theme, designer, model or other single topic, with or (as in a photo-essay) without accompanying text.

## Related pages

- Column (periodical)

## Other websites

- Editorial Writing Examples
Southwest Chief

The ***Southwest Chief*** (formerly the ***Southwest Limited*** and ***Super Chief***) is a passenger train operated by Amtrak. It is on a  route that goes through the Midwestern and Southwestern United States. It goes between Chicago, Illinois and Los Angeles, California, going through Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and California.

During fiscal year 2018, the _Southwest Chief_ carried 331,239 passengers. This was 8.8 percent less than it was from FY 2017. The route grossed $43,184,176 in revenue during FY 2018. This was 3.8 percent less than it was from FY 2017. Amtrak had plans for replacing the route between Albuquerque, New Mexico and Dodge City, Kansas with bus service. As of October 2018, these plans were canceled.

### Accidents and incidents

- On October 2, 1979, the _Southwest Limited_ derailed (went off the rails) at Lawrence, Kansas. Of the 30 crew and 147 passengers on board, two people were killed and 69 were injured. The cause was too much speed on a curve. Other causes included an engineer that was not familiar with the route, and that a sign that said to slow down had been removed during track repairs.

## Infobox (rail service)

- **name**: _Southwest Chief_
- **image**: Southwest Chief at Devil's Throne, New Mexico.jpg
- **image width**: 300px
- **caption**: Amtrak's _Southwest Chief_ at Devil's Throne in New Mexico
- **type**: Long-distance train, Long-distance higher speed rail
- **status**: Operating
- **locale**: Midwestern United States, Midwestern and Southwestern United States
- **predecessor**: _Super Chief_, _El Capitan (train), El Capitan_
- **first**: 1974
- **operator**: Amtrak
- **ridership**: 1,006 daily
367,267 total (FY15)
- **start**: Chicago, Illinois
- **stops**: 31
- **end**: Los Angeles, California
- **journeytime**: 43 hours, 15 minutes
- **frequency**: Daily each way
- **class**: Coach
Sleeper
- **seating**: Airline-style coach seating
- **sleeping**: Superliner Roomette (2 beds)
 Family Bedroom (4 beds)
 Superliner Bedroom (2 beds)
 Superliner Bedroom Suite (4 beds)
 Superliner Accessible Bedroom (2 beds)
- **catering**: Dining car
 On-board café
- **observation**: Sightseer Lounge Car
- **baggage**: Checked baggage (select stations)
- **stock**: GE Genesis, P42 locomotives
 Superliner (railcar), Superliner cars
- **speed**: maximum
  average (including stops)
- **owners**: BNSF Railway
- **trainnumber**: 3 (Chicago to Los Angeles) Westbound
4 (Los Angeles to Chicago) Eastbound
Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives

**Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives** (called either **delegates** or **resident commissioner**, in the case of Puerto Rico) are representatives of their territory in the House of Representatives, but they can't vote on legislation in the full House. However, they are able to take part in certain other House activities. Non-voting members may vote in a House committee they are a member in, and they can introduce legislation. There are currently six non-voting members: a delegate representing the federal district of Washington D.C.,  a resident commissioner representing Puerto Rico, and one delegate for each of the other four US Territories with people: American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the US Virgin Islands. A seventh delegate, representing the Cherokee Nation, has been formally proposed but not yet seated. Non-voting delegates are elected every two years. The Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico is elected every four years.

## Current non-voting members

|District|Title|Incumbent|Party|House Caucus Affiliation|First elected|Constituency map|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|American Samoa at-large|Delegate|Amata Coleman Radewagen||Republican||Republican|2014||
|District of Columbia at-large|Delegate|Eleanor Holmes Norton||Democratic||Democratic|1990||
|Guam at-large|Delegate|James Moylan||Republican|Republican|2022|||
|Northern Mariana Islands at-large|Delegate|Gregorio Sablan||_Independent_||Democratic|2008||
|Puerto Rico at-large|Resident Commissioner|Jenniffer González-Colón||New Progressive||Republican|2016||
|U.S. Virgin Islands at-large|Delegate|Stacey Plaskett||Democratic||Democratic|2014||

## Other websites

- History and powers of DC's Delegate to Congress
Jack Cust

**Jack Cust** is a retired professional major league baseball player. He played for the Oakland Athletics.
A. James Gregor

**Anthony James Gregor** (April 2, 1929 – August 30, 2019) was an American educator, historian and political scientist. He was the Professor of Political Science Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley who was well known for his research on fascism, Marxism, and national security. Gregor was born in New York City.

Gregor died on August 30, 2019 at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- Annotated bibliography  – 1954 through 1998
- ResearchGate profile – With bibliography from 1961 through 2018
Blanca Fernández Ochoa

**Blanca Fernández Ochoa** (22 April 1963 – 24 August 2019) was a World Cup alpine ski racer. She was born in Madrid, Spain. She competed in four Winter Olympics, from 1980 through 1992. She won a bronze medal in 1992.

Fernández Ochoa was reported as missing on 23 August 2019 and found dead on 4 September 2019 near La Peñota, in the Guadarrama Mountains.  She was 56.
Joana Sainz García

**Joana Sainz Garcia** (1989 – September 1, 2019) was a Spanish singer, dancer, and songwriter from Madrid, Spain. She was killed in a stage explosion in September 2019.

## Biography

Sainz was raised in Santander, a port city on Spain’s north coast in the Cantabria region. She later moved to Suances, also in Cantabria. "The first time I saw her, when she came, I realized her virtues. She was a girl with a lot of energy, with a lot of desire. From the beginning, I saw her a dancer,” Sainz' teacher, Marta Rojo, told _El Espanol_. Rojo remembered that Sainz started formal dance training in 2010.

Sainz was the principal dancer and chief choreographer of Spain’s Super Hollywood Orchestra. The group were known for their exciting performances which used many special effects, including fireworks.

Joana Sainz died on September 1, 2019 while performing in front of an audience of 1000 people, at a four day music festival at Las Berlanas. A pyrotechnic device used during the performance exploded next to her. She was struck in the stomach by a faulty cartridge used in the pyrotechnic device.
Western pattern diet

The **Western pattern diet**, also called **standard American diet**, is a modern eating pattern. In the Western diet like fast food, processed meat, red meat, butter, fried foods, high-fat dairy products, refined grains, high fructose corn syrup and certain sugary drinks is common. The modern Western diet came by way of fundamental lifestyle changes after the Neolithic and Industrial Revolutions.

The opposite is a healthy diet. Healthy diets have higher servings of fruit, nuts, fish, poultry and vegetables.

A Western pattern diet is associated with an increased risk of being overweight or obese and diabetes mellitus.
Yōhei Kōno

is a Japanese politician. He was the President of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives from November 2003 until August 2009, when the LDP lost its majority in the 2009 election.

Kōno was speaker for the longest length since the set up of House of Representatives in 1890.
He was the president of the Japan Association of Athletics Federations from 1999 to 2013.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Yōhei Kōno
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Yōhei Kōno.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **office**: List of Speakers of the House of Representatives of Japan, Speaker of the House of Representatives of Japan
- **primeminister**: Junichirō Koizumi
 Shinzō Abe
 Yasuo Fukuda
 Tarō Asō
- **term start**: 19 November 2003
- **term end**: 21 July 2009
- **predecessor**: Tamisuke Watanuki
- **successor**: Takahiro Yokomichi
- **office1**: President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic Party
- **term start1**: 29 July 1993
- **term end1**: 1 October 1995
- **predecessor1**: Kiichi Miyazawa
- **successor1**: Ryutaro Hashimoto
- **office2**: Leader of the Opposition (Japan), Leader of the Opposition
- **primeminister2**: Morihiro Hosokawa
Tsutomu Hata
- **term start2**: 9 August 1993
- **term end2**: 10 June 1994
- **predecessor2**: Sadao Yamahana
- **successor2**: Toshiki Kaifu
- **office3**: President of the Japan Association of Athletics Federations
- **term start3**: 1999
- **term end3**: 2013
- **predecessor3**: Hanji Aoki
- **successor3**: Hiroshi Yokokawa
- **birth place**: Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- **children**: Tarō Kōno
- **alma mater**: Waseda University
Kōzō Watanabe (Democratic Party politician)

is a Japanese politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party of Japan. He was a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature).

He was born in  Tajima, Fukushima. He was elected to the first of his two terms in the assembly of Fukushima Prefecture in 1959 and then to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1969 as an independent. He later joined the Liberal Democratic Party and eventually the DPJ.
Duke of Edinburgh

The **Duke of Edinburgh**, after the city of Edinburgh, is a substantive title. It has been created three times for members of the British royal family since 1726. The current holder is Prince Edward.
Alison Cheek

**Alison Mary Cheek** (April 11, 1927 – September 1, 2019) was an Australian-born American religious leader. She was known for being one of the first women ordained in the Episcopal Church and the first woman to publicly celebrate the Eucharist in that denomination. Cheek was born in Adelaide, South Australia.

Cheek died at her home in Brevard, North Carolina on September 1, 2019 at the age of 92.
Brevard, North Carolina

**Brevard** is a city in Transylvania County, North Carolina, United States, with a population of 7,744 as of the 2020 Census. It is the county seat of Transylvania County.
Transylvania County, North Carolina

**Transylvania County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. At the 2020 census, the population was 32,986. Its county seat is Brevard.
Edgardo Andrada

**Edgardo Norberto Andrada**, better known as **Edgardo Andrada**, or simply **Andrada** (January 2, 1939 – September 4, 2019) was an Argentine  professional footballer. He played as a goalkeeper for several top level Argentine and Brazilian clubs. He played for the Rosario Central, Vasco and the national team. Andrada was born in Rosario, Santa Fe province.

Andrada died on September 4, 2019 in Rosario at the age of 80.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **image**: File:Gato-andrada.jpg
- **name**: Edgardo Andrada
- **fullname**: Edgardo Norberto Andrada
- **birth place**: Rosario, Santa Fe, Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Santa Fe, Argentina
- **height**: 1.78 m
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **years1**: 1960–1969
- **years2**: 1969–1975
- **years3**: 1976
- **years4**: 1977–1982
- **years5**: 1982
- **clubs1**: Rosario Central
- **clubs2**: Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama, Vasco
- **clubs3**: Esporte Clube Vitória, Vitória
- **clubs4**: Colón de Santa Fe, Colón
- **clubs5**: Club Renato Cesarini, Renato Cesarini
- **caps1**: 283
- **caps4**: 122
- **caps5**: 16
- **goals1**: 0
- **goals4**: 0
- **goals5**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1961–1969
- **nationalteam1**: Argentina national football team, Argentina
- **nationalcaps1**: 20
Anwar al-Awlaki

**Anwar al-Awlaki** (also spelled **al-Aulaqi, al-Awlaqi**;  _Anwar al-‘Awlaqī_; April 21/22, 1971 – September 30, 2011) was a Yemeni-American imam. He was a known recruiter and motivational speaker representing al-Qaeda.

Al-Awlaki became the first U.S. citizen to be targeted and killed by a U.S. drone strike without the rights of due process. President Barack Obama ordered the strike.

On January 29, 2017, al-Awlaki's 8-year-old daughter, Nawar Al-Awlaki, was killed in a U.S. commando attack in Yemen that was ordered by United States President Donald Trump. He was known as the  "bin Laden of the Internet" for positing pro al-Qaeda speeches on the internet.

After a request from the U.S. Congress, in November 2010, Google removed many of al-Awlaki's videos from its websites. According to _The New York Times_, al-Awlaki's public statements and videos have been more influential in inspiring acts of terrorism after his killing than before his death.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Anwar al-Awlaki
أنور العولقي
- **image**: Anwar al-Awlaki sitting on couch, lightened.jpg
- **caption**: Anwar al-Awlaki in Yemen in 2008
- **birth name**: Anwar bin Nasser bin Abdulla al-Aulaqi
- **birth date**: April 21/22, 1971
- **birth place**: Las Cruces, New Mexico, U.S.
- **death date**: September 30, 2011 (aged 40)
- **death cause**: Drone strike
- **citizenship**: United States, Yemen
- **children**: 5 (including Abdulrahman al-Awlaki, Abdulrahman and Nawar al-Awlaki, Nawar)
- **parents**: Naser al-Awlaki (father)
Drone strike

A **drone strike** is an attack by one or more unmanned combat aerial vehicles or weaponized commercial unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). It usually involves firing a missile or releasing a bomb at a target. The drone may be equipped with such weapons as guided bombs, cluster bombs, incendiary devices, air-to-surface missiles, air-to-air missiles, anti-tank guided missiles or other types of precision-guided munitions.

Since the post-9/11 era, the United States have used drone strikes in such countries as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Iraq, Somalia, and Yemen using air-to-surface missiles.

Drones strikes are used for targeted killings by several countries. Drone strikes are used to in also, but also cause significant civilian casualties and often are directed at dissidents and journalists inconvenient for their users. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeed_Chmaghhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_12,_2007,_Baghdad_airstrike
Giuliana Rancic

**Giuliana Rancic** (; née **DePandi**; born August 17, 1974) is an Italian-American entertainment reporter, businesswoman, and television personality. She is a co-anchor of E! News.

In Chicago and Washington, D.C., Rancic and her husband Bill Rancic own a restaurant chain titled: _RPM Steak_, _RPM Italian_ and _RPM on the Water_.

Rancic is a breast cancer survivor.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Giuliana Rancic
- **image**: Giuliana Rancic at Heart Truth 2011 (cropped2).jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Rancic in 2011
- **birth name**: Giuliana DePandi
- **birth place**: Naples, Italy
- **occupation**: Entertainment reporter, businesswoman, television personality
- **years active**: 1998–present
- **children**: 1
Bill Rancic

**William Rancic** (; born May 16, 1971) is an American businessman, author, television personality and philanthropist. He was the first candidate hired by The Trump Organization at the conclusion of the first season of Donald Trump's reality television show, _The Apprentice_.

Rancic owns several restaurants mainly in Chicago and Washington, D.C. which include _RPM Italian_, _RPM Steak_ and _RPM on the Water_.

He is married to E! News host Giuliana Rancic.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bill Rancic
- **image**: File:BillRancic Web.jpg
- **caption**: Rancic in 2010
- **birth name**: William Rancic
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **occupation**: Entrepreneur, author, talk show host, professional speaker, builder
- **education**: Loyola University Chicago
- **children**: 1