juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lake Rara

**Rara Lake** () is the biggest natural lake of Nepal. It is in Rara Village Development Committee, Mugu District, Karnali Zone in the Mid-Western region.

The lake has a slightly oval shape and is entirely in the Rara National Park, about  north-west of the capital, Kathmandu.

## Features

Lake Rara is at an altitude of  above sea level covering an area of . The lake has a length of  and a width of  with a maximum depth of . It flows into the Karnali river via the Nijar river (Nijar Khola).

The lake was classified as oligotrophic (an environment that offers little to sustain life) in limnological terms, meaning that is very slightly polluted.

## Climate

The climate of the Rara National Park, where the Lake Rara is, is a temperate climate with temperatures between  in summer and  in winter.

## Animal life

In the Lake Rara there are three endemic fish species (_Schizothorax macrophthalmus_, _S. nepalensis_ and _S. raraensis_), and one endemic frog (_Paa rarica_).

Many waterfowl spend the winter months in Lake Rara; some of them are gadwall, mallard, northern shoveler, Eurasian teal, tufted duck, common goldeneye, goosander, Eurasian coot and solitary snipe.

## Other websites

- Rara lake, West-Nepal
- Trek to Rara Laka - Details and Photo Feature

## Infobox (lake)

- **lake name**: Lake Rara
राराताल
- **image lake**: Rara.jpg
- **caption lake**: Lake Rara, May 2005
- **location**: Mugu District
- **type**: Natural, oligotrophic
- **inflow**: Many small streams
- **outflow**: Nijar khola → Ghaghara, Karnali River
- **basin countries**: Nepal
- **islands**: _none_
- **cities**: _none_
- **frozen**: _never_
Captain Phillips (movie)

***Captain Phillips*** is a 2013 action thriller movie based on the true events of the Maersk Alabama hijacking in 2009. It stars Tom Hanks, Faysal Ahmed and Barkhad Abdi. The movie is based on the book by Captain Richard Phillips _A Captain's Duty: Somali Pirates, Navy SEALs, and Dangerous Days at Sea_ (2010). It was released to positive reviews on October 11, 2013. Barkhad Abdi received an Oscar nomination.
12 Years a Slave (movie)

***12 Years a Slave*** is a 2013 British-American historical biographical drama movie based on the book _12 Years a Slave_. It is directed by Steve McQueen. It stars Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael Fassbender, Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Giamatti, and Brad Pitt. The movie’s musical score was composed by Hans Zimmer. It was released on November 1, 2013 in the United States.

The film was first shown at the Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2013. It will be released in the UK in January 2014.

On October 20 2013 McQueen won Hollywood Breakout Director Award at the Hollywood Film Awards for the film. On November 14 he won Bronze Horse for Best Film - Special Mention at the Stockholm International Film Festival.

Movie critics gave the film good reviews.

Rolling Stone, Entertainment Weekly, Washington Post, and The New York Times called _12 Years a Slave_ the best movie of 2013.

## Other websites

- Official website
World War Z (movie)

***World War Z*** is a 2013 action-thriller movie. It was based on the book of the same name. It stars Brad Pitt and Matthew Fox. It was about a former United Nations investigator who must travel the world to find a way to stop a zombie-like pandemic. It was released to positive reviews on June 21, 2013.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: World War Z
- **caption**: Ang Theater poster
- **director**: Marc Forster
- **music**: Marco Beltrami
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
- **runtime**: 116 minutes
- **country**: United States
United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $190–269 million
- **gross**: $540 million
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom

***Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom*** is a 2013 British biographical movie based on the life of Nelson Mandela. It is based on Mandela's autobiography _Long Walk to Freedom_ (1994). It stars Idris Elba and Naomie Harris. It was released on November 29, 2013 to mixed reviews. Nearly a week later, Mandela died on December 5.

## Soundtrack

U2 made a song for the soundtrack called "Ordinary Love". The song won the prize for Best Original Song – Motion Picture at the Golden Globes.

## Other websites

- Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom  at the ComingSoon.net
Subject

**Subject** ( "lying beneath") may refer to:

## Education

- Subject (school), a course of academic instruction

## Library and information science

- Subject (documents) (subject classification; subject indexing; subject searching)
- Subject term or index term, descriptor of a document used in bibliographic records

## Philosophy

- Subject (philosophy), a being that has subjective experiences, subjective consciousness, or a relationship with another entity
- Subject–object problem, the issue of how actors or observers relate to things that are observed or acted upon

## Linguistics

- In general, any topic currently under consideration; see subject (school)
- Subject (grammar), who or what a sentence or a clause is about
- Subject case or nominative case, one of the grammatical cases for a noun

## Computing

- Subjects (programming), core elements in the subject-oriented programming paradigm

## Music

- The melodic material presented first in a fugue
- Either of the two main groups of themes (first subject, second subject) in sonata form

## People

A subject is an individual subjected to the rule by an elite, see feudalism
- subjects in medieval feudalism, see commoners
- subjects in modern constitutional monarchies, such as the United Kingdom, see British subject

## Statistics and psychology

- A subject is someone or something that undergoes testing in a scientific experiment.
Effigy

An **effigy** is a representation of a specific person, especially in the form of sculpture or some other three-dimensional medium.  Effigies are common elements in art of the dead. They are usually made of stone or metal and placed on a tomb.
Green Party of the United States

The **Green Party of the United States** (**GPUS**) is a left-wing political party in the United States. The Green Party nominated Dr. Jill Stein as its candidate for President of the United States in 2012, and again in 2016. The party focuses on issues such as social justice and environmentalism.  It is the sixth largest party in the country, following the American Independent Party, Libertarian Party, and the New York Independence Party.

## Related pages

- List of political parties in the United States
- Ajamu Baraka
- Cynthia McKinney
- Jill Stein
- Howie Hawkins
- Angela Nicole Walker

## Other websites

- Green Party official website

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Green Party
- **lang1**: Spanish
- **name lang1**: Partido Verde
- **logo**: Green Party of the United States New Logo.png
- **logo size**: 250px
- **colorcode**: #00A95C
- **predecessor**: Association of State Green Parties
- **headquarters**: 6411 Orchard Avenue, Suite 101, Takoma Park, Maryland
- **newspaper**: Green Pages
- **youth wing**: Young Greens
- **wing1 title**: Women's wing
- **wing1**: National Women's Caucus
- **wing2 title**: Black wing
- **wing2**: Black Caucus
- **wing3 title**: Latino wing
- **wing3**: Latinx Caucus
- **wing4 title**: LGBT wing
- **wing4**: Lavender Greens Caucus
- **membership year**: 2023
- **membership**: 239,474
- **ideology**: Green politics
Eco-socialism
- **position**: Left-wing
- **international**: Global Greens
- **symbol**:
- **country**: United States
Particle board

**Particle board**, also known as particleboard and **chipboard**, is a wood product made from chips of wood or sawdust. It is mixed with resin or glue (both adhesives), then, under pressure and heat, pressed into uniform sheets. Particle board is used in building construction and furniture making. It is cheaper to make than plywood but not as strong. Type 1 particle board expands when exposed to moisture. For that reason it is not usually recommended to be used outdoors. Type 2 particle board uses waterproof glues and can be used outdoors.

## Related pages

- Plywood
- Engineered wood
- Oriented strand board
- Waferboard

## Other websites

- Composite Panel Association: Particleboard
- European Panel Federation: Particleboard
Guttermouth

**Guttermouth **is an American punk rock band. They formed in 1988 in Huntington Beach, California. They are signed to Hopeless Records. They have released nine full-length albums and two live albums. They are infamous for their outrageous lyrics and deliberately explicit behavior. This behavior has resulted in high-profile problems for the band, such as being banned from performing in Canada for eighteen months and leaving Warped Tour in 2004 due to conflicting political views and attitudes towards other musicians.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Guttermouth
- **background**: group_or_band
- **image**: Guttermouth(by_Scott_Dudelson).jpg
- **caption**: Singer Mark Adkins
- **origin**: Huntington Beach, California, U.S.
- **genre**: Punk rock, skate punk,
- **years active**: 1988–present
- **label**: Dr. Strange Records, Dr. Strange, Hopeless Records, Hopeless, Nitro Records, Nitro, Epitaph Records, Epitaph, Volcom Entertainment, Volcom, Rude Records, Rude
- **website**: [http://www.xxx-guttermouth-xxx.com xxx-guttermouth-xxx.com]
- **current members**: Mark Adkins
Justin VanWestbroek
Matt Wills
Kevin Clark
Donnie Barnes
- **past members**: Tim Baulch
Barry Burnham
Derek Davis
Paul Fang
James Nunn
Scott Sheldon
Stever Rapp
Donald Horne
Hunter Munich
Ryan Farrell
Brandon Zinkil
Alex Flamsteed
Dave Luckett
Adam "The Woo" Williams
Geoff Armstrong
Dwarf

**Dwarf** may refer to:
- Dwarf (mythology), a type of legendary creature from Germanic mythology and folklore
Dvergr, creatures in Norse mythology
- A person or animal with dwarfism

## Other uses

- Dwarf planet
- Dwarf galaxy

## Related pages

- Gnome
- (including many names of plants or animals)
Morien

**Morien** is a character from Arthurian legend. He is the main character of _Morien_ (or _Moriaen_), a 13th-century Arthurian romance in Middle Dutch. He is the son of one of the Knights of the Round Table, whose name was Aglovale.
Oriented strand board

**Oriented strand board**, commonly called **OSB**, is a type of particle board which is made of carefully positioned strands of wood. Aspen and other similar woods are cut into long strands parallel to the grain of the wood. It is manufactured into sheets made up of wood strands, wax, and resin adhesives. Sheets are formed under pressure and heat. The finished sheet size varies by country. OSB is very strong making it ideal for building construction. Its most common uses in construction are for covering walls, floors and roofs before the finish products are applied.

- OSB-2 is specially designed OSB for load-bearing purposes. It is for use in dry areas.
- OSB-3 is designed the same, but is for use in wet areas.

OSB can also be made from trees from areas burned over by forest fires.

## Related pages

- Plywood
- Engineered wood
- Particle board
- Waferboard

## Other websites

- APA - The Engineered Wood Association: OSB
- Kronospan Worldwide: OSB
Emilia Plater

**Emilia Plater** was a Polish-Lithuanian noblewoman and revolutionary.

Plater led soldiers in several engagements during the November Uprising in the Polish-Russian Wars of 1830-1831.  She became ill toward the end of the Uprising and died.

Though she did not fight in any large battles, her story inspired many works of art and literature. She is a national heroine in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus, all formerly parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Emilia Plater
- **image**: Emilia Plater (284384).jpg
- **caption**: Emilia Plater, anonymous 19th century engraving
- **birth date**: 13 November 1806
- **birth place**: Vilnius (Wilno), Russian Empire
- **death place**: Justinavas (Justianiów)
- **placeofburial**: Kapčiamiestis (Kopciowo)
- **coa**:  _Plater_
- **noble family**: Plater
- **father**: Franciszek Ksawery Plater
- **mother**: Anna von der Mohl (Anna z Mohlów)
- **allegiance**: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (November Uprising insurgents)
- **serviceyears**: 1830
- **rank**: Captain
- **battles**: November Uprising
Affinity

In law, **affinity** is the kinship relationship that exists between two or more people as a result of somebody's marriage. It is different from consanguinity (blood relationship). Affinity is the relationship which each party to a marriage has to the relatives of the other partner to the marriage. But affinity does not cover the marital relationship of the parties to the marriage themselves.

## Affinity laws

Under the law, such relatives by marriage are known as **affines**. More commonly, they are known as , as affinity is usually signified by adding  to a degree of kinship.

In law, affinity may be used to prohibit incestuous sexual relations. It may also be relevant in preventing some couples from marrying. Which relationships are prohibited varys from country to country, and from time to time. In some countries, especially in the past, the prohibited relationships were based on religious laws.  In earlier laws, affinity was used in the same degrees as consanguinity in prohibiting marriages.

Though, laws vary considerably, affinity does not always cease with the death of one of the marriage partners through whom affinity is traced. It does not always end with the divorce of the marriage partners. In addition to kinship by marriage, "affinity" can sometimes also include kinship by adoption and step relationship.

## Related pages

- Affinity (canon law)
- Consanguinity
- Kinship

## Other websites

- Can In-laws marry in the Church?
OFK Bačka

**F.K. Bačka** is a football club which plays in Bačka Palanka, Serbia.

## History

The club was founded in 1945. Its stadium, Vava Slavko Maletin, can hold 5,500 people.  It opened on 7 July 1951. The first time Bačka was ranked in the Second Federal League was in the 1959/1960 season, and again in 1988/1989. One of their best seasons was when they were in the Yugoslav Cup quarterfinal in 1969, losing to Hajduk Split 2:1. The club has also taken part in the national finals, the most recent time being in 1993/1994 when they lost to Nis Workers.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Bačka
- **fullname**: Fudbalski klub Partizan
- **founded**: 1945
- **ground**: Stadium Slavko Maletin Vava
- **capacity**: 5,500
- **chairman**: Zoran Karpov
- **manager**: Lazar Vještica
- **league**: Serbian lige Vojvodina
Hurricane Emily (1993)

**Hurricane Emily** was a category 3 hurricane. It spread from Africa to Puerto Rico and the Outer Banks and lasted from August 22, 1993 to September 6, 1993. It caused flooding, wind, and a lot of rain. Hurricane Emily broke two records.
LSD: Dream Emulator

***LSD: Dream Emulator*** is a video game made for the first PlayStation. The video game was released in Japan during the year 1998 and it is a hard to get this video game with a small number of copies made. The game was made by Osamu Sato in the year 1998. He also made other video games, but they are also hard to get. The game was inspired by a dream diary that was written by a woman called Hiroko Nishikawa, she worked in a company called Asmik Ace Entertainment. This game can only be played by one person.
Socialist Party of America

The **Socialist Party of America** was a socialist political party in the United States from 1901 to 1972. In early 1919, it had 100,000 members. In the 1920s they temporarily stopped running their own candidates.
They opposed the New Deal by Roosevelt. They held a pacifist position on World War II. In the 1960s, they permanently stopped running their own candidates. Key figures included Eugene V. Debs, Norman Thomas and Max Shactmann.
Socialist Party of Great Britain

The **Socialist Party of Great Britain** is a British socialist political party started in 1904. It opposed World War I and World War II and all subsequent wars. It opposed the Soviet Union.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Socialist Party of Great Britain
- **abbreviation**: SPGB
- **founder**: Jack Fitzgerald
- **leader**: _None_
- **headquarters**: Clapham High Street, 52 Clapham High Street, Clapham, London
- **split**: Social Democratic Federation
- **newspaper**: _Socialist Standard_
- **membership**: ≈300
- **membership year**: 2022
- **international**: World Socialist Movement
- **colours**: Red
- **slogan**: _World Socialist Movement, World Socialism_
- **country**: the United Kingdom
World Socialist Party of the United States

The **World Socialist Party of the United States** (WSPUS) is a political party founded in 1916. It split from the Socialist Party of America. It opposes all war and opposed the Soviet Union.
University of the Sacred Heart, Tokyo

The  is a university for women in Tokyo. It is a Catholic university. Empress Michiko is a former student.

## Other websites

- Sacred Heart University
Darren Pang

**Darren Robert "Panger" Pang** (born February 17, 1964) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender and hockey media personality.

## Playing career

Before playing in the NHL, Pang played for the Belleville Bulls and Ottawa 67's of the OHL. He played 1 game with the Chicago Blackhawks and then played 3 seasons in the IHL for the Milwaukee Admirals and Saginaw Generals. He also played 7 games with the Nova Scotia Oilers of the AHL. Standing at 5'5", Pang was the 2nd shortest goalie behind only Roy "Shrimp" Worters to play in the NHL.

He returned to the Blackhawks during the 1987-88 NHL season. He played with them for 2 seasons before ending his playing career in the IHL after playing 2 seasons with the Saginaw Hawks and 7 games with the Indianapolis Ice.

After retiring he became the assistant coach for the University of Notre Dame for 3 years and was the goalie coach for the Indianapolis Ice for 2 years.

## Broadcasting

He is currently a color commentator for the Chicago Blackhawks TV broadcasts and TNT. Before becoming the color commentator for the Blackhawks, Pang was the color commentator for the Phoenix Coyotes, St. Louis Blues, and a part-time analyst with TSN. He is also an "Inside the Glass" reporter for regular season and playoff action for NHL on NBC. Pang also contributes to Home Ice, XM Satellite Radio's all-hockey channel. He was a former top analyst for ESPN National Hockey Night and NHL on ABC for which he broadcast over 95 Stanley Cup Finals games on National TV.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Darren Pang2.JPG
- **caption**: Pang at the 2010 Winter Olympics
- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Goaltender
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **catches**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lb**: 155
- **ntl team**: Canada
- **birth place**: Meaford, Ontario, Meaford, Ontario, Canada
- **draft**: _Undrafted_
- **career start**: 1984
- **career end**: 1989
Lawrence Klein

**Lawrence Robert Klein** (September 14, 1920 – October 20, 2013) was an American economist of Jewish descent. He became a well-known economist for his work in creating computer models to forecast economic trends in the field of econometrics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1980 for his discovery.

Klein was born on September 14, 1920 in Omaha, Nebraska. He studied at the University of Pennsylvania. and at the University of California, Berkeley.

Klein married Sonia Adelson during the 1950s. They had three daughters and one son. Klein died on October 20, 2013 in Gladwyne, Pennsylvania from natural causes, aged 93.

## Other websites

- Lawrence Klein
- Economists for Peace and Security
- IDEAS/RePEc

## Infobox (economist)

- **name**: Lawrence Klein
- **school tradition**: Neo-Keynesian economics
- **birth place**: Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
- **death place**: Gladwyne, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States
- **institution**: University of Pennsylvania, Univ. of Pennsylvania
University of Oxford
University of Michigan
NBER
Cowles Commission
- **field**: Macroeconomics
Econometrics
- **alma mater**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT (Ph.D.)
University of California, Berkeley, UC Berkeley (B.A.)
- **contributions**: Macroeconometric forecasting models
- **awards**: John Bates Clark Medal (1959)
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1980)
- **repec prefix**: e
- **repec id**: pkl8
Robert Solow

**Robert Merton Solow** (August 23, 1924 – December 21, 2023) was an American economist. He was known for his work on the theory of economic growth that grew in the exogenous growth model. It was named after him. He was awarded the John Bates Clark Medal (in 1961) and the 1987 Nobel Prize in Economics. He won the Nobel Prize for studying how countries grow economically.

Solow was born on August 23, 1924 in Brooklyn, New York City. He studied at Harvard University. Solow married Barbara Lewis in 1945. They had two sons and one daughter.

Solow died on December 21, 2023, at his home in Lexington, Massachusetts, at the age of 99.

## Other websites

- Video Interview with Solow from NobelPrize.org
- Articles written by Solow for the New York Review of Books
- Robert M. Solow – Prize Lecture
- Solow in the Tropics. By John Toye. _History of Political Economy_, 41, 1: 221–240
- IDEAS/RePEc
- Robert M. Solow Papers, 1951–2011 and undated. Rubenstein Library, Duke University.

## Infobox (economist)

- **name**: Robert Solow
- **school tradition**: Neo-Keynesian economics
- **image**: Robert Solow by Olaf Storbeck.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **birth name**: Robert Merton Solow
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Lexington, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States
- **institution**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT
- **field**: Macroeconomics
- **alma mater**: Harvard University
- **contributions**: Exogenous growth model
- **awards**: John Bates Clark Medal (1961)
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1987)
National Medal of Science (1999)
Presidential Medal of Freedom (2014)
- **repec prefix**: e
- **repec id**: pso18
Douglass North

**Douglass Cecil North** (November 5, 1920 – November 23, 2015) was an American economist. He is known for his work in economic history. In 1993, he received the Nobel Prize in Economics.

In the words of the Nobel Committee, North and Robert Fogel were awarded the prize "for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change."

North was one of 20 Nobel Laureates who signed the "Stockholm memorandum" at the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability in Stockholm, Sweden on 18 May 2011.

North was born on November 5, 1920 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He studied at Washington University in St. Louis, and Stanford University, at the University of Washington, and at Cambridge University. North has three sons from a failed marriage.

North died on November 23, 2015 at his summer house in Benzonia, Michigan the age of 95 from esophageal cancer.

## Other websites

- 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics
- CNISS
- Hoover Institution homepage
- Douglass C. North – Autobiography
- IDEAS/RePEc
- http://www.edegan.com/pdfs/North%20(1991)%20-%20Institutions.pdf
- http://www.getcited.org/pub/101883793

## Infobox (economist)

- **name**: Douglass C. North
- **school tradition**: New institutional economics
- **image**: Douglass North.jpg
- **birth place**: Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Benzonia, Michigan, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States
- **field**: Economic history
- **institution**: Washington University in St. Louis
Stanford University
University of Washington
Cambridge University
- **alma mater**: University of California, Berkeley
- **awards**: Nobel Prize in Economics (1993)
Kenneth Arrow

**Kenneth Joseph Arrow** (August 23, 1921 – February 21, 2017) was an American economist. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics with John Hicks in 1972. Until 2019, he was the youngest person to have received this award, at 51.

## Early life

Arrow was born on August 23, 1921 in New York City, New York. He studied at the City College of New York and at Columbia University. Arrow married Selma Schweitzer in 1947. They had two sons.

## Career

In economics, he was thought be an important figure in post-World War II neo-classical economic theory. Many of his former graduate students have gone on to win the Nobel Prize themselves.

Arrow was active on the international scene through a variety of initiatives including trustee of Economists for Peace and Security and a member of the Advisory Board of Incentives for Global Health, the not-for-profit behind the Health Impact Fund.

## Death

Arrow died on February 21, 2017 from natural causes at his home in Palo Alto, California, aged 95.

## Other websites

- Collected Papers of Kenneth J. Arrow
- Kenneth Arrow  at stanford.edu
- Autobiography  at nobel.se
- Kenneth Arrow  Profile at cepa.newschool.edu
- Social Choice and Individual Values
- Photos of Kenneth Arrow
- IDEAS/RePEc
- Kenneth J. Arrow: Nobel Prize in Economics Recipient by Seymour "Sy" Brody, Florida Atlantic University Libraries

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kenneth J. Arrow
- **image**: Kenneth Arrow, Stanford University.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, USA
- **death place**: Palo Alto, California, Palo Alto, California, USA
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **alma mater**: Columbia University
City College of New York
- **awards**: John Bates Clark Medal (1957)
Nobel Prize in Economics (1972)
von Neumann Theory Prize (1986)
National Medal of Science (2004)
Robert D. Maxwell

**Robert Dale Maxwell** (October 26, 1920 – May 11, 2019) was a former United States Army soldier from Idaho.

He is a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. He received this honor for his actions in World War II. After the death of Nicholas Oresko on October 4, 2013, Maxwell became the oldest living Medal of Honor recipient.

Maxwell was born on October 26, 1920 in Boise, Idaho. He studied at Bend Senior High School. Maxwell now lives in Bend, Oregon, and is the only living Medal of Honor recipient in that state.

In 2011, at the age of 90, he received his High School Diploma from Bend Senior High. In 2012, he suffered a minor stroke, but recovered after only a few short days with only minor loss of functionality of his right hand.

Maxwell died on May 11, 2019 in Bend, Oregon at the age of 98.

## Other websites

- CNN iReport Interview
- Interview  at the Pritzker Military Library

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Robert Dale Maxwell
- **image**: Bob Maxwell 2006 BBC MOH Scholarship Ceremony.jpg
- **caption**: Maxwell in 2006
- **birth place**: Boise, Idaho, U.S.
- **death place**: Bend, Oregon, U.S.
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **allegiance**: United States
- **branch**: United States Army
- **serviceyears**: 1942 – 1945
- **rank**: Technician Fifth Grade
- **unit**: 3rd Battalion, 7th Infantry Regiment (United States), 7th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division (United States), 3rd Infantry Division
- **battles**: World War II
 North African Campaign
 Italian Campaign (World War II), Italian Campaign
 Operation Dragoon
- **awards**: Medal of Honor
Silver Star (2)
Walter D. Ehlers

**Walter David Ehlers** (May 7, 1921 – February 20, 2014) was a former United States Army soldier. Ehlers received the Medal of Honor for his actions in World War II.

Ehlers was the last living Medal of Honor recipient who fought at Omaha Beach on D-Day.

Ehlers was born on May 7, 1921 in Junction City, Kansas. He joined the Army in October 1940.

Ehlers' brother Roland died at Omaha Beach when his landing craft was hit by a mortar shell. Ehlers appeared in the 1955 movie _The Long Gray Line_, starring Tyrone Power.

Ehlers lived in Orange County, California. He died on February 20, 2014 of kidney failure in Long Beach, California. He was 92 years old.

## Other websites

- Interview at the Pritzker Military Library on December 5, 2007
- Interview  at the Pritzker Military Library on July 21, 2011

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Walter David Ehlers
- **birth place**: Junction City, Kansas
- **death place**: Long Beach, California, Long Beach, California
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **image**: Ehlers speaking at D-Day anniversary.JPEG
- **caption**: Ehlers speaking at a 2007 ceremony commemorating the anniversary of Normandy Landings, D-Day
- **allegiance**: United States, United States of America
- **branch**: United States Army
- **serviceyears**: 1940–1945
- **rank**: Second Lieutenant
- **unit**: 18th Infantry Regiment (United States), 18th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division (United States), 1st Infantry Division
- **battles**: World War II
 Operation Torch
 Allied invasion of Sicily
 Normandy landings
- **awards**: Medal of Honor
The Exorcist (movie)

***The Exorcist*** is a 1973 American supernatural horror movie directed by William Friedkin. It is based on the 1971 book by William Peter Blatty and is also based on the true events by 1949 exorcism case of Ronald Doe. It stars Max von Sydow, Ellen Burstyn, Jason Miller and Linda Blair with William O'Malley. It was released to positive reviews on December 26, 1973. The film is rated R.

In 2010, the Library of Congress selected The  Exorcist into the United States National Film Registry.
Bud Adams

**Kenneth Stanley "Bud" Adams, Jr.** (January 3, 1923 – October 21, 2013) was an American businessman. He owned the Tennessee Titans. He was chairman and CEO of Adams Resources & Energy Inc., a wholesale supplier of oil and natural gas. Adams was not a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

## Life

Adams was born was on January 3, 1923 in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. He studied at Culver Military Academy, at Menlo College, and at the University of Kansas.

Adams married Neville Adams from 1947 until her death in 2009. They had two daughters and one son. Adams died on October 21, 2013 in Houston, Texas from natural causes, aged 90.

## Other websites

- Tennessee Titans profile

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bud Adams
- **image**: Bud Adams 1964.JPG
- **caption**: Adams in 1964
- **birth date**: January 3, 1923
- **death date**: October 21, 2013
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Businessman
Georges Descrières

**Georges Descrières** (15 April 1930 – 19 October 2013) was a French actor. He appeared in 52 movies and television shows between 1954 and 1996. He starred alongside Anna Karina in the 1962 movie _Sun in Your Eyes_ and portrayed the gentleman-burglar titular character in the internationally successful TV series _Arsène Lupin_.

He was appointed an Officer of the Legion of Honour in January 2004 and appointed Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit in May 2011.

Descrières died of cancer in Cannes, France on 19 October 2013, aged 83.

## Some movies

- _The Three Musketeers_ (1961)
- _Tonight or Never_ (1961)
- _Sun in Your Eyes_ (1962)
- _Two for the Road_ (1967)
- _A Flea in Her Ear_ (1968)
- _Mon Curé Chez les Nudistes_ (1982)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Georges Descrières
- **birth place**: Bordeaux, France
- **death place**: Cannes, France
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1954-1996
2 Live Crew

**2 Live Crew** is a hip hop group from Miami, Florida. The group became known for obscenity, dirty rap lyrics and serious controversy. The group was established in 1984. They officially broke up in 1998 and reunited about 10 years later. Their studio album _As Nasty as They Wanna Be_ caused major uproars. Several songs from the album, in particular, had very sexual lyrics.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: 2 Live Crew
- **origin**: Miami, Florida, U.S.
- **background**: group_or_band
Nina Davuluri

**Nina Davuluri** (born April 20, 1989) is the Miss America for 2014. She is the first Indian-American to become a Miss America and to be Miss New York. Shortly after the crowning, Davuluri went through some controversy and backlash generated by social media. Davaluri was born in Syracuse, New York.
Jack Norris

**John Wayne "Jack" Norris** (born August 5, 1942) is a Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender.

## Career

In the NHL, Norris played 23 games for the Boston Bruins, 10 games for the Chicago Black Hawks and 25 games for the Los Angeles Kings. He spent most of his playing career in the minor leagues. He played 2 seasons for the Alberta/Edmonton Oilers and 2 seasons with the Phoenix Roadrunners of the World Hockey Association before retiring after the 1975-76 WHA season.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Goaltender
- **catches**: Left
- **birth place**: Delisle, Saskatchewan, Delisle, Saskatchewan, SK, Canada, CAN
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 175
- **played for**: Boston Bruins
Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
Los Angeles Kings
Edmonton Oilers (WHA)
Edmonton Oilers, Alberta Oilers (World Hockey Association, WHA)
Phoenix Roadrunners (WHA), Phoenix Roadrunners (WHA)
- **career start**: 1963
- **career end**: 1976
Adam Munro

**Adam Munro** (born November 12, 1982) is a Canadian ice hockey goaltender that currently plays for HC TWK Innsbruck of the EBEL.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Munro played 4 years with the Erie Otters and 1 season with the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds of the OHL.

He was drafted with the 29th overall pick in the 2001 NHL Entry draft by the Chicago Blackhawks. He played 17 games with the Blackhawks and spent most of his time with their-then AHL affiliate team, Norfolk Admirals.

In 2006, Munro was signed as a free agent by HC Fribourg-Gottéron of the National League A. He played a season with them and returned to North America to play for the Columbus Blue Jackets' AHL affiliate, Syracuse Crunch. He played 25 games for them and then played for the Toronto Maple Leafs' AHL affiliate, Toronto Marlies. After playing 40 games with the Marlies between two seasons, Munro left North America again to play for HC Sibir Novosibirsk of the KHL.

Munro would play 4 games in the KHL and 1 season in the Elite.A with SG Cortina before heading to the EBEL. In the EBEL, he has also played 2 seasons with Alba Volán Székesfehérvár.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Goaltender
- **catches**: Left
- **birth place**: St. George, Ontario, St. George, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 199
- **team**: HC TWK Innsbruck
- **former teams**: Chicago Blackhawks (National Hockey League, NHL)
Alba Volán Székesfehérvár
- **league**: Austrian Hockey League, EBEL
- **draft**: 29th overall
- **draft year**: 2001
- **draft team**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **career start**: 2003
- **career end**: _present_
Nehemiah Grew

**Nehemiah Grew** (26 September 164125 March 1712) was an English plant anatomist and physiologist,  the "Father of Plant Anatomy".

Grew graduated from Pembroke College, Cambridge in 1661, and ten years later took the degree of M.D. at Leiden University.

He began work on the anatomy of plants in 1664, and in 1670 his essay, _The Anatomy of Vegetables begun_, was communicated to the Royal Society. The following year he was elected a Fellow. In 1672, when the essay was published, he settled in London, and soon acquired an extensive practice as a physician.

In 1673 he published his _Idea of a Phytological History_, which consisted of papers he had communicated to the Royal Society in the preceding year, and in 1677 he succeeded Henry Oldenburg as Secretary of the Royal Society. He edited the _Philosophical Transactions_ in 1678-1679, and in 1681 he published by request a descriptive catalogue of the rarities preserved at Gresham College.

In 1682 appeared his great work on the _Anatomy of Plants_, which also was largely a collection of previous publications. It was illustrated with eighty-two plates, with an appendix of seven papers mostly of a chemical character. The _Anatomy_ is especially notable for its descriptions of plant structure. He described nearly all the key differences of morphology of stem and root, showed that the flowers of the Asteraceae are built of multiple units, and correctly said that stamens are male organs. _Anatomy of Plants_ also contains the first known microscopic description of pollen.

Much of Grew's pioneering work with the microscope was done at the same time as that of Marcello Malpighi. The two reportedly borrowed freely from one another. Grew's work on pollen was more extensive than that of Malpighi. It led to the discovery that size and shape is different between species, whereas pollen grains within a species are all alike. This discovery is central to the field of micropaleontology.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Nehemiah Grew
- **image**: Nehemiah_Grew.png
- **caption**: Nehemiah Grew
- **birth place**: Mancetter Parish, Warwickshire
- **death place**: London
- **nationality**: England, English
- **field**: Physiology
- **alma mater**: Leiden University
Johannes Müller

**Johannes Peter Müller** (14 July 1801 – 28 April 1858), was a German physiologist, comparative anatomist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. In 1833 he became Professor of physiology at the University of Berlin.

In the later part of his life he chiefly devoted himself to comparative anatomy. Fishes and marine invertebrates were his favourite subjects. He took 19 trips to the Baltic and North Sea, the Adriatic and the Mediterranean to investigate salt-water life.

He authored a comprehensive work on the anatomy of amphibians, which in his era including reptiles. Also, he described several new species of snakes.

Müller mentored some distinguished physiologists and biologists, including Hermann von Helmholtz, Emil du Bois-Reymond, Theodor Schwann, Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, Carl Ludwig and Ernst Haeckel. In 1834, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the Copley Medal of the Royal Society in 1854.

## Books

- Müller, Johannes 1837–1840. _Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen_ (Human physiology), 3rd ed. 2 vols. Coblenz: Hölscher.
- Müller, Johannes 1838. _Ueber den feinern Bau und die Formen der krankhaften Geschwülste_ (On the structural details of malignant tumors). Berlin: G. Reimer, unfinished – a pioneering use of microscopical research in the investigation of pathological anatomy.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Johannes Peter Müller
- **image**: Johannes Peter Müller.jpg
- **caption**: Johannes Peter Müller
- **birth place**: Koblenz
- **death place**: Berlin
- **nationality**: Germany
- **field**: Physiology
- **alma mater**: Bonn University
- **doctoral advisor**: Philipp Franz von Walther
Karl Rudolphi
- **doctoral students**: Hermann von Helmholtz
Rudolf Virchow
- **influenced**: Charles Scott Sherrington
Sobolev space

The **Sobolev space** is a function space in mathematics. These functions all have a norm.  This norm is a combination of _L<sup>p</sup>_-norms of the function together with its derivatives up to a given order. The derivatives are understood in a suitable weak sense to make the space complete, i.e. a Banach space. Intuitively, a Sobolev space is a space of functions with sufficiently many derivatives for some application domain, such as partial differential equations,. They are equipped with a norm that measures both the size and regularity of a function.

Sobolev spaces are named after the Russian mathematician Sergei Sobolev. Their importance comes from the fact that weak solutions of some important partial differential equations exist in appropriate Sobolev spaces, even when there are no strong solutions in spaces of continuous functions with the derivatives understood in the classical sense.

The space is very useful to look at for partial differential equation. The spaces may be characterized by smooth functions. It is used by mathematicians. There is a strong relation between Soblev space and Besov space.

Sobolev spaces are named for the Russian mathematician Sergei Sobolev in the 1930s. His space has many uses. They are most used for understanding the solutions of ordinal differential equations and partial differential equations. According to the applications above, there were questions on how to characterize the space using classical functions. These questions were answered in 1964, by Meyers and Serrin.

## Introduction and definition

Meyers and Serrin's theorem is well known for how to characterize to Sobolev spaces by collection of functions can classical derivative up to given oder same as order of distributional derivative of the Sobolev space. In this section, we shall first recall that definition of Sobolev spaces and set to several preliminaries as follows.

Here, Ω is an open set in ℝ_<sup>n</sup>_ and 1 ≤ _p_ ≤ +∞.  The natural number _m_ is called the order of the Sobolev space _W<sup>k,p</sup>_(Ω).
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

The **Tata Institute of Fundamental Research** (**TIFR**) is a research organization in India. It is for studies in mathematics and science. It is located in Mumbai.

TIFR was started by Jenhangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata. It is now government funded. This institute has various departments like physics, chemistry, astronomy, and mathematics. One of its founding members was physicist Homi Bhabha. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Sri Jawaharlal Nehru. Professors in this organization are recruited from institutes including the Illinois Institute of Technology.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
- **image**: Tifr main.jpg
- **established**: 1 June 1945
- **type**: Public university, Public (Deemed University)
- **director**: Sandip Trivedi
- **city**: Mumbai
- **state**: Maharashtra
- **country**: India
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban
Mojo!

***Mojo!*** is a video game created by FarSight Studios. It is owned by Crave Entertainment. It is made to be played on the PlayStation 2. The player controls a marble through a series of traps in order to break all of the coloured blocks in a stage. The player must finish the stage within a set time. There are 100 stages.
1556 Shaanxi earthquake

The **1556 Shaanxi earthquake** was a very destructive and deadly earthquake that occurred on the morning of 23 January 1556 in Shaanxi, during the Ming Dynasty. It killed around 830,000.0 people, making it the deadliest earthquake in human history by number of deaths.

More than 97 counties in the provinces of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Gansu, Hebei, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu and Anhui were affected. The earthquake destroyed a  area. In some counties, 60% of the population was killed. It had a magnitude of around 8.0.

At the time, many people in that area lived in homes they made from artificial caves. Loess, the material that made these caves, is known to be very weak and can cause landslides. Scholars believe that is why so many people had died.

## Other websites

- Ruins of Hua County Earthquake
Naturopathy

**Naturopathy** is a form of alternative medicine. It is based on the belief that a special energy called "vital energy" guides bodily functions like metabolism, reproduction and growth.

Naturopaths use various forms of treatment, such as herbal medicine and massaging, with a holistic view. They generally avoid the use of surgery and synthetic drugs. In Naturopathy, evidence-based medicine is thought of as being only part of the evidence. Taken as a whole, naturopathy is an ideologic system, not a scientific one.

The term _naturopathy_ comes from Greek and Latin, meaning "natural therapy". Modern naturopathy developed from the Natural Cure movement in Europe.

## Related pages

- Osteopathy

## References

- Council on Naturopathic Medical Education
Divine right of kings

The **divine right of kings**, was a political and religious doctrine. It meant that a monarch was given the right to rule by God alone. His authority could not be questioned because he ruled in God's name. It gave a king absolute rule over his subjects.

## Beginnings

Pharaohs and some other ancient Kings were thought to actually be gods or descendants of gods. That concept went away when monotheism spread. A medieval principle held that God gave the right in to rule in secular matters to political rulers. God gave the right to rule over spiritual matters to the Pope as head of the Church. This has been called the 'doctrine of the two swords'. In 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as the Holy Roman Emperor. From that time on the Emperor was the secular power while the Pope was the spiritual power. This concept began to break down prior to the First Crusade. Rather than have the Emperor provide the manpower for the crusade, the Pope called on the nobility of Europe directly.

## Rise and fall

In England, Henry VIII broke free of the Catholic church and the authority of the Pope. By the Acts of Supremacy in 1534 Henry was both king and "Supreme Head" of the Church of England. Following the Protestant Reformation the theory of divine right gave the king absolute authority as God's representative on earth in both political and spiritual matters. It made him accountable to no one but God. James I of England in his speech to Parliament in 1609 said:

In France the theory had been considered from the 13th century. Although France remained Catholic, her kings gradually pulled away from papal rule. By the 16th century the king replaced the pope as supreme authority over the French church. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688–89 the divine rights theory was no longer popular in England. In France, kings including Louis XIV of France (1643–1715) continued the divine rights doctrine. That was until the French revolution in 1789. By the 19th century it no longer had any credibility.

## China

The Chinese culture had a similar but older concept called the 'Mandate of Heaven'.  A good ruler had the blessings of heaven.  But one who ruled badly would cause the mandate to be removed.  When the People's Republic of China was formed in 1949, they claimed the Mandate of Heaven from the people.

## Other page

- Theocracy

## Other websites

- J.P. Sommerville, _Divine Right of Kings_, University of Wisconsin
- _Divine Right of Kings_, Spartacus Educational
Alfie Moore

**Alfred Ernest Moore** (December 1, 1904 – June 29, 1979) was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender.

Moore played 20 games in the NHL for the New York Americans. Moore is known for replacing Mike Karakas in the Chicago Black Hawks net in game one of the 1938 Stanley Cup Finals because replacement goaltender Paul Goodman did not arrive in Toronto on time.

He spent the end of his career in the AHL, playing for the Cleveland Barons, New Haven Eagles, Springfield Indians, Buffalo Bisons and Philadelphia Rockets. In 1941, Moore retired from playing professional ice hockey. In 1949, he became the head coach of the Galt Black Hawks of the Ontario Hockey Association which he coached for 1 season. He died in 1984.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Goaltender
- **catches**: Left
- **birth place**: Toronto, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **death date**: June 29, 1979
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 162
- **played for**: New York Americans
Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
- **career start**: 1926
- **career end**: 1941