Whisky

**Whisky**, or **whiskey**, is an alcoholic drink distilled from grain and aged in wooden casks.

The name comes from a gaelic word. In Ireland, it is called **whiskey**, with an added letter **'e**'. Whiskey made in the United States often uses the Irish spelling.

There are many kinds of whisky, of which most important are:

- **Single malt**: All of the whisky has been made from single batch of malt in one single distillery. They have been matured in oak barrels, usually 6 to 24 years. _Glenfiddich_ is the world's best-selling single malt whisky. It comes from Speyside in the Scottish Highlands, and accounts for 35% of world sales. _The Glenlivet_ comes second, from the same area. Thus, despite all attempts at competition, this small area near the Spey River still dominates the world market for single malt whisky.
Other well-known single malts are _Laphroaig_, _Lagavulin_, _Bowmore_, _Ardbeg_ and _Talisker_. Most single malts come from Scotland, either Lowlands, Highlands or Scottish Isles. _Nikka Yoichi_ comes from Japan.
- **Blended whisky** or **Scotch**: A Scotch is a mixture of various single malts. This is the most common type of whisky. Famous blended whiskys are _Johnnie Walker_, _Chivas Regal_, _Ballantines_, _J&B_, _The Famous Grouse_ and _Vat-69_. In the United States the word "scotch" refers to the blended whiskys of Scotland. Blenders do not distill whisky, but mix various single malts.
- **Irish whiskey**: These are blended whiskeys from Ireland. While Scottish whiskys are distilled twice, Irish whiskeys are distilled three times before they are matured. Famous Irish whiskeys are _Jameson's_ and _Bushmill's_.
- Bourbon whiskey: Bourbon is American whiskey which contains maize. It may all be made from maize (corn whiskey) or it may also contain barley malt. Famous bourbons are _Four Roses_, _Jim Beam_ and _Kentucky Gentleman_. The name comes from Bourbon county, Kentucky.
- **Rye**: As name implies, rye whiskey is made from rye malt. These are especially popular in Canada. Famous Canadian rye whiskeys are _Canadian Club_ and _Alberta Premium_

Most whiskys contain around 40% alcohol.

## Scotch whisky

Scotch whisky is legally defined by Scotch Whisky Order of 1990 (UK), and the Scotch Whisky Act of 1988,.

These say that Scotch whisky must:
1. Must be distilled at a Scottish distillery from water and malted barley, to which only other whole grains may be added, have been processed at that distillery into a mash, converted to a fermentable substrate only by endogenous enzyme systems, and fermented only by the addition of yeast,
1. Must be distilled to an alcoholic strength of less than 94.8% by volume so that it retains the flavour of the raw materials used in its production,
1. Must be matured in Scotland in oak casks for no less than three years,
1. Must not contain any added substance other than water and caramel colouring, and
1. May not be bottled at less than 40% alcohol by volume.
Alcohol is a favourite way to collect tax (called excise duty) in the United Kingdom. When Gordon Brown, a Scot, became Chancellor of the Exchequer, he concentrated on taxing beers and wines, and did not increased the duty on whisky. This, he said, was to help the Scotch whisky industry to recover, increase exports and make more money.