juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Alexandra (Lykrophon)

**Alexandra** is a work by the Greek poet Lykophron, who is only known through this work. It was written between 196 and 190 BC.  The work has 1474 lines, which are done in jambic trimeters. This is what most Greek tragedies were written in.

## Story

Paris left for Sparta, to abduct Helena, the wife of Menelaos. This was going to cause the Trojan War. Kassandra is left in the temple, guarded by someone instructed by Priamos, her father. The text is the report this guard gives to Priamos, about what Kassandra had said.

Kassandra (named ALexandra) first recalls how Herakles destroyed Troy. She then tells about the Trojan War. A large central part is devoted to how the Greek heroes return home. She tells about Odysseus, his travels, and how he went home to his wife Penelope. Penelope later kills him. Kassandra also tells how Aeneas successfully settled in Rome, and how Rome became a big empire. The final part of the poem is devoted to the _eternal war_ between Europe and Asia, about the Persian Wars and Alexander the Great. Kassandra says that six generations after him, a relative will win over the Macendonians, which will end the warring. Kassandra's speech ends with resignation, as she cannot stop the events. The guard ends his speech with a blessing for the Trojans.

## Language

The dark language of the poem comes from its vocabulary, its use of special, and old forms of words. Of about 3000 words of the poem, 518 words are only known from this poem, 117 occur in this poem for the first time. The main problems with this poem are that the persons are usually not named. Rather they are described with what they did. Geographical places are similarly unnamed, and only described using places in them. Many scholars have tried to identify places and people, in some cases this is no longer possible though.

## Other websites

- Alexandra - This is the Engilsh trandlation of  A. W. Mair, Loeb Classical Library, vol. 129, London: Heinemann 1921
- Publications about  Lykophron  at the  Hellenistic Bibliography  of the Unicersiy of Leiden
Football League Second Division

The **Football League Second Division** was the former 2nd division of English football. It was the 2nd division from 1892 until 1992, when the Premier League was created. It became the 3rd division after the founding of the Premier League replaced the Football League First Division as the 1st tier of football in England. It was replaced by the EFL League One in 2004.

## Related pages

- Football League First Division
- EFL League One

## Infobox (football league)

- **country**: England
Wales
- **founded**: 1892
- **folded**: 2004
- **teams**: 24
- **promotion**: Football League First Division, First Division (1892–2004)
- **relegation**: Football League Third Division, Third Division (1920–1921, 1958–2004)
Football League Third Division North, North/Football League Third Division South, South (1921–1958)
- **levels**: 2 (1892–1992)
3 (1992–2004)
- **confed cup**: UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, European Cup Winners' Cup (1960–1985, 1990–1999)
- **champions**: Plymouth Argyle F.C., Plymouth Argyle
(2003–04 Football League Second Division, 2003–04)
- **most successful club**: Leicester City F.C., Leicester City
Manchester City F.C., Manchester City (7 titles)
Archerfish

**Archerfish** (also known as **archer fish**, **spinner fish** or **insect-eater**) are small perciform fish. Some live in fresh water. Others live in salt water. They live in lots of places, like India, the Philippines, Australia, and Polynesia.

Archerfish eat insects and other small animals. The archerfish looks for an insect hanging over the water. The archerfish shoots drops of water out of its mouth at the insect. When the drops hit the insect, it falls into the water. Then the archerfish catches (gets) the insect and eats it.

Archerfish can eat insects up to two meters (six feet) away. Adult archerfish almost always hit the insect the first time, but young archerfish must do it many times in order to learn how.

The type species is the banded archerfish, _Toxotes jaculatrix_. It is also known as the **common archerfish** or just **archerfish**. There is the common archerfish, which has a similar common name but is not the type species. The body of the _Toxotus chatareus_ sooty but sometimes silvery or gold. The dorsal side is greenish-brown.

The pectoral fins are clear or "dusky" in color. Pelvic fins may be darker and heavily pigmented.

## Other websites

- Archerfish capturing prey
- Guide to the Mangroves of Singapore: Archerfish
- Information and Photos on Archerfish
- Archerfish Can Adjust Their Deadly Shots Based on the Size of the Prey - LiveScience.com
La Chapelle-Craonnaise

**La Chapelle-Craonnaise** is a commune of 266 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: La Chapelle-Craonnaise
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **arrondissement**: Château-Gontier
- **canton**: Cossé-le-Vivien
- **mayor**: Gérard Lecot
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation m**: 200
- **elevation min m**: 47
- **elevation max m**: 96
- **area km2**: 10.32
- **insee**: 53058
- **postal code**: 53230
- **image**: La Chapelle-Craonnaise - Mairie.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall.
La Chapelle-Rainsouin

**La Chapelle-Rainsouin** is a commune of 234 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Mayenne department
- Ouette

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: La Chapelle-Rainsouin
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Église la Chapelle Rainsouin.jpg
- **caption**: The church in La Chapelle-Rainsouin
- **arrondissement**: Mayenne
- **canton**: Meslay-du-Maine
- **mayor**: Pascal Ribot
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation m**: 112
- **elevation min m**: 73
- **elevation max m**: 138
- **area km2**: 18.05
- **insee**: 53059
- **postal code**: 53150
Charchigné

**Charchigné** is a commune of 396 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Karl Lagerfeld

**Karl Lagerfeld** (born **Karl Otto Lagerfeldt**; 10 September 1933 – 19 February 2019) was a German fashion designer.

Lagerfeld was born in Hamburg, Germany. Many people saw him as one of the most influential persons of the late 20th century. He made fashion for many different labels, for example Chanel, Chloé and Fendi. He also owned several labels, which he started in the early 1980s. He also owned labels making perfumes. He designed clothes for many leading artists.

He had a Birman cat called Choupette. The cat has its own social media accounts.

Lagerfeld died on 19 February 2019 from problems caused by prostate cancer in Neuilly-sur-Seine at the age of 85. Lagerfeld wrote Choupette into his will.

## Other websites

- Karl Lagerfeld Official Website
- Miami Beach USA Article with photos on Karl Lagerfeld and his designs.
- Sundance Channel's Signé Chanel site
- New Yorker: John Colapinto: In The Now. Where Karl Lagerfeld Lives Extensive profile (ca. 10 000 words)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Karl Otto Lagerfeldt
- **image**: Fendi store opening - Karl Lagerfeld (13907681358).jpg
- **caption**: Karl Lagerfeld in 2014
- **birth place**: Hamburg, Germany
- **death place**: Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
- **death cause**: Problems caused by prostate cancer
Château-Gontier

**Château-Gontier** is a former commune of 11,131 people (as of 1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Château-Gontier-sur-Mayenne.
Châtelain, Mayenne

**Châtelain** is a commune of 404 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Châtillon-sur-Colmont

**Châtillon-sur-Colmont** is a French commune. It is in Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France.
Châtres-la-Forêt

**Châtres-la-Forêt** is a former French commune. It is in Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Évron.
Chemazé

**Chemazé** is a commune of 1019 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Chémeré-le-Roi

**Chémeré-le-Roi** is a commune of 383 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Chérancé, Mayenne

**Chérancé** is a commune of 166 people (1999). It is in Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France.
Chevaigné-du-Maine

**Chevaigné-du-Maine** is a commune of 206 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Colombiers-du-Plessis

**Colombiers-du-Plessis** is a commune of 514 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Commer, Mayenne

**Commer** is a commune of 1091 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Congrier

**Congrier** is a commune of 1036 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Congrier
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Congrier.svg
- **arrondissement**: Château-Gontier
- **canton**: Saint-Aignan-sur-Roë
- **mayor**: Hervé Tison
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **elevation m**: 82
- **elevation min m**: 56
- **elevation max m**: 106
- **area km2**: 24.28
- **population**: 955
- **population date**: 2006
- **insee**: 53073
- **postal code**: 53800
Contest, Mayenne

**Contest** is a commune of 765 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Cosmes

**Cosmes** is a commune of 273 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Cossé-en-Champagne

**Cossé-en-Champagne** is a commune. It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. About 300 people live there (as of 1999). This town has had a church since the 11th century. It is known for its frescoes.
Cossé-le-Vivien

**Cossé-le-Vivien** is a commune of 2706 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Coudray, Mayenne

**Coudray** is a commune of 839 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Coudray
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **arrondissement**: Château-Gontier
- **canton**: Château-Gontier-sur-Mayenne-1
- **mayor**: Joël Gadbin
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation m**: 64
- **elevation min m**: 27
- **elevation max m**: 83
- **area km2**: 11.01
- **insee**: 53078
- **postal code**: 53200
Couesmes-Vaucé

**Couesmes-Vaucé** is a commune of 383 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Mayenne department

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Couesmes-Vaucé
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **arrondissement**: Mayenne
- **canton**: Gorron
- **mayor**: Marylène Baglin
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **elevation m**: 150
- **elevation min m**: 100
- **elevation max m**: 206
- **area km2**: 19.13
- **population**: 388
- **population date**: 2006
- **insee**: 53079
- **postal code**: 53300
Couptrain

**Couptrain** is a commune of 160 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Courbeveille

**Courbeveille** is a commune of 488 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Courcité

**Courcité** is a commune of 992 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Craon, Mayenne

**Craon** is a commune of 4,659 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Crennes-sur-Fraubée

**Crennes-sur-Fraubée** is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Mayenne department in northwest France. 178 people lived there in 1999.
La Croixille

**La Croixille** is a commune of 547 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Mayenne department

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: La Croixille
- **image**: La Croixille - Mairie.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in La Croixille
- **arrondissement**: Laval
- **canton**: Chailland
- **mayor**: Maurice Pennetier
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **elevation m**: 180
- **elevation min m**: 91
- **elevation max m**: 188
- **area km2**: 19.91
- **population**: 604
- **population date**: 2006
- **insee**: 53086
- **postal code**: 53380
La Cropte

**La Cropte** is a commune of 239 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Cuillé

**Cuillé** is a commune of 849 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Daon

**Daon** is a commune of 440 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Denazé

**Denazé** is a commune of 148 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Désertines, Mayenne

**Désertines** is a commune of 539 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Deux-Évailles

**Deux-Évailles** is a former commune of 152 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, the commune was unified with Montsûrs-Saint-Céneré, Montourtier and Saint-Ouën-des-Vallons, and the new municipality took the name of Montsûrs.
La Dorée

**La Dorée** is a commune of 396 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Entrammes

**Entrammes** is a commune of 2 108 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. The people that live there are called _Entrammais_.

## History

Its name comes from the Gallo-Roman _Inter Amnes_, that means "_between the waters_": in fact three rivers flow into its territory: the Mayenne, which gives its name to the department, the Jouanne, at the entrance of the village and the Ouette.

On its territory, in 1793, happened the battle of Entrammes.

## Buildings

̆* Port-du-Salut Abbey
- Roman-Gaul Baths

## Sister cities

Entrammes is twinned with:

- Rosendahl, Germany, since 1970

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Laval
- **commune status**: Prefectures of France, Prefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image**: Chiesa-entrammes.JPG
- **caption**: The parish church.
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Entrammes.svg
- **intercommunality**: Communauté d'agglomération de Laval, CA Laval
- **arrondissement**: Laval
- **canton**: Cantons of Laval, 3 cantons
- **insee**: 53094
- **postal code**: 53260
- **mayor**: Didier Marquet
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **area km2**: 26.16
- **population date**: 2016
- **population**: 2249
Épineux-le-Seguin

**Épineux-le-Seguin** is a former commune of 172 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Val-du-Maine.
Ernée

**Ernée** is a commune of 5,793 people (2006). It is in Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France.
Évron

**Évron** is a commune of 7 575 people (2006). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, the former communes of Châtres-la-Forêt and Saint-Christophe-du-Luat were merged into Évron.

In its territory flows the Jouanne river.
Fontaine-Couverte

**Fontaine-Couverte** is a commune. 423 people live there . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Fontaine-Couverte
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **arrondissement**: Château-Gontier
- **canton**: Cossé-le-Vivien
- **mayor**: Jérôme Basle
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation m**: 80
- **elevation min m**: 59
- **elevation max m**: 102
- **area km2**: 21.65
- **insee**: 53098
- **postal code**: 53350
Forcé

**Forcé** is a commune of 1017 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.

In its territory flows the Jouanne river.
Fougerolles-du-Plessis

**Fougerolles-du-Plessis** is a commune of 1566 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Fromentières, Mayenne

**Fromentières** is a commune of 674 peoples (1999). It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department. This is in the northwest of France.
Gastines

**Gastines** is a French commune. It is in Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France.
Le Genest-Saint-Isle

**Le Genest-Saint-Isle** is a commune of 2075 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Gennes-sur-Glaize

**Gennes-sur-Glaize** is a former commune of 790 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Gennes-Longuefuye.
Gesnes

**Gesnes** is a commune of 174 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Gesvres

**Gesvres** is a commune of 543 people (1999). It is in Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in northwest France.
Gorron

**Gorron** is a commune of 2894 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France.
Louis Althusser

**Louis Pierre Althusser** (Pronunciation: altuˡseʁ) (October 16, 1918 – October 22, 1990) was a Marxist philosopher. He was born in Algeria. He studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. He became Professor of Philosophy there. He taught Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida.

Althusser was a member of the French Communist Party. Sometimes he had bad opinions about the party. He argued against things he thought attacked the basic ideas of Marxism. Some examples are the influence of empiricism on Marxist theory, humanist and reformist socialist orientations in European communist parties, the problem of the 'cult of personality' and ideology.

Many people say that Althusser is a Structural Marxist. This is a type of Marxism based on structuralism. However, he had many different opinions about structuralism. In 1980, Althusser killed his wife. He went to a psychiatric hospital for three years. He died in 1990.
Gareth Owen

**Gareth David Owen** (born 21 September 1982) is an English-born Welsh former footballer, now working as academy director with Stoke City.

## Career statistics

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|rowspan="2"|Division|colspan="2"|League|colspan="2"|FA Cup|colspan="2"|League Cup|colspan="2"|Other|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Stoke City|2001–02|Second Division|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0||||
|2002–03|First Division|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|||||
|2003–04|First Division|3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|3|0|||||
|2004–05|Championship|2|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|2|0|||||
|Torquay United (loan)|2004–05|League One|5|0|0|0|1|0|0|0|6|0||||
|Oldham Athletic|2003–04|Second Division|15|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|15|1||||
|2004–05|League One|9|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|9|0|||||
|2005–06|League One|17|0|3|0|1|0|0|0|21|0|||||
|Stockport County|2006–07|League Two|39|0|1|0|1|0|1|0|42|0||||
|2007–08|League Two|36|0|2|0|2|0|4|0|44|0|||||
|2008–09|League One|8|0|0|0|1|0|1|0|10|0|||||
|Yeovil Town (loan)|2008–09|League One|7|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|7|0||||
|Port Vale|2008–09|League Two|12|0|1|0|0|0|0|0|13|0||||
|2009–10|League Two|40|1|1|0|3|0|2|0|46|1|||||
|2010–11|League Two|36|1|4|0|2|0|1|0|43|1|||||
|2011–12|League Two|24|0|0|0|0|0|1|0|25|0|||||
|2012–13|League Two|2|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|2|0|||||

## Honours

**Individual**
- Stockport County F.C. Player of the Year: 2007

**Stockport County**
- League Two play-offs: 2008
Carlos Sastre

**Carlos Sastre Candil** (born 22 April 1975 in Leganés, Madrid) is a Spanish cyclist. He is retired and he won the Tour de France in 2008. He is a climbing specialist and has been very consistent, finishing consistently in the top 10 of the Vuelta and the Tour de France. A film made about his team showed that he is a man who loves his family. The title of the film is 'Overcoming'.

In 2009, his contract expired with CSC. He found work in two other teams before retiring at the end of 2011. Sastre is the only winner of the Tour de France from 2000 to 2010 who has not been involved in doping cases.
Ally McBeal

***Ally McBeal*** is an American television series that was on air from September 8, 1997, to May 20, 2002, by the Fox Channel. It is set in a law firm in Boston, Massachusetts. _Ally McBeal_ is also the name of the main character played by Calista Flockhart.
ITS 90

The **ITS 90** is the international temperature scale, published in the year 1990. It mainly is a set of fixed temperatures and instructions how to realise a practical temperature scale, being as close to the thermodynamical temperature scale as current knowledge allows.

## History

The first international temperature scale was established in 1927. An improved version came in 1948. In 1968 the IPTS 68 was issued. Note the letter P, which stands for practical. In 1975 the very low side of the scale (below 1 Kelvin) was added. Since 1990 the ITS 90 is in use.

## How it works

A list of fixed temperatures is given. This list has been produced by national laboratories from all over the world. It has been approved by the B.I.P.M. (Bureau Internationale des Poids et Mesure) in Paris. Temperatures between the fixed points can be measured, using a platinum resistance thermometer (up to 660 °C). This thermometer, however, has to be calibrated first. This is being done at a number of fixed temperatures, covering the desired range. Procedures and formulae for defining an interpolating thermometer are given as well.

## An example

Say we need a calibrated thermometer in the range from room temperature to 400 °C. A triple point of water is to be realised for 0.01 °C. For 231.928 °C there is the freezing point of tin. At 419.527 °C it is the freezing point of zinc, which serves the goal.

After having measured the electrical resistance of this thermometer at the given temperatures, the data is being fed into a prescribed formula, giving the deviation coefficients for the range from 0 to 420 °C. So, from now on we have a thermometer with which we can perform accurate measurements according to the ITS 90.

This type of calibration is called primary calibration. With the thermometer we just calibrated we can perform a secondary calibration. Then another thermometer is to be calibrated against ours. This derived calibration, of course, is a little less accurate, but can take place at any suitable temperature within the range, since our thermometer interpolates between the fixed temperatures.

For more information see the official site of BIPM
Nude photography

**Nude photography** is a style of photography which shows the nude human body as a form of art. This is different from erotic photography, and pornography which focus on sexual arousal.

For many photographers, nude photography is a study of the human body, much like some paintings did.
Photographing a named person is called portraiture. Nude photography focuses on showing the human body, and often the face is not visible.

In general, nude photography is a _planned image_, not a snapshot. Nude photography wants to show a stylised depiction of the human body. Photographers sometimes use extremes of light and shadow, oiled skin, and shadows falling across the body to show the texture and structure of the body.

Nude Men are also used in photography, they are just less common.

Early photographers often showed the nudity of women like the one we see here by Félix-Jacques Moulin. Many, like Edward Weston, Jean-Christophe Destailleur, Augustao de Luca, Ruth Bernhard and Jerry Avenaim, preferred to show the lines of a body as a piece of art. They used the terms _art nude_ and _figurenude_ from painting  to avoid suggestions that their works were meant to be erotica or pornography.
Laval (Mayenne)

**Laval** is a commune and the prefecture of the French department of Mayenne. The people that live there are called _Lavallois_.

## History

Laval is a medieval city and was first mentioned during the 11th century.

## Education

- École supérieure d'informatique, électronique, automatique

## Sister cities

Laval is twinned with:
- Boston, United Kingdom, since 1958
- Modesto, USA
- Chalkidiki, Greece.
- Gandia, Spain, since 1978
- Garango, Burkina Faso
- Laval, Canada
- Mettmann, Germany, since 1974
- Vătava, Romania, since 1990

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Laval
- **commune status**: Prefectures of France, Prefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image**: Château Vieux Laval 2.JPG
- **caption**: The castle overlooking the town and the river Mayenne (river), Mayenne.
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Laval (Mayenne).svg
- **intercommunality**: Communauté d'agglomération de Laval, CA Laval
- **arrondissement**: Laval
- **canton**: Cantons of Laval, 3 cantons
- **insee**: 53130
- **postal code**: 53000
- **mayor**: François Zocchetto
- **party**: Union of Democrats and Independents, UDI
- **term**: 2012–2014
- **area km2**: 34.2
- **population date**: 2009
- **population**: 51182
- **population ranking**: 119th in France
- **urban pop**: 67,671
- **urban pop date**: 2009
- **urban area km2**: 115.7
- **metro area pop**: 119,475
- **metro area pop date**: 2009
- **metro area km2**: 771.09
- **elevation min m**: 42
- **elevation max m**: 122
Erotic photography

**Erotic photography** is a style of photography, between nude photography and pornography.  Erotic photography  wants to show the more or less naked human body in a sexual context.  It can be difficult to make a difference between erotic photography and pornography - in general erotic photography wants to arouse or stimulate the viewer.

This stimulation is generally not done by explicitly showing people having sex.  Instead, the models in the photographs will try to create a sexual impression. For example, female models may try to appear alluring.  Male models will try to convey sexual arousal, though not through a full erection.  In general, erotic photography only suggests, and has a higher artistic value than pornography.
Cotton County, Oklahoma

**Cotton County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 5,527 people lived there.  Its county seat is Walters.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 642 square miles.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Cotton County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **founded year**: 1912
- **seat wl**: Walters
- **largest city wl**: Walters
- **area total sq mi**: 642
- **area land sq mi**: 633
- **area water sq mi**: 9.3
- **area percentage**: 1.4%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 5527
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **district**: 4th
- **ex image**: Cotton County Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Cotton County Courthouse in September 2014
Craig County, Oklahoma

**Craig County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 14,107 people lived there.  Its county seat is Vinita.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 763 square miles.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Craig County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **founded year**: 1907
- **seat wl**: Vinita
- **largest city wl**: Vinita
- **area total sq mi**: 763
- **area land sq mi**: 761
- **area water sq mi**: 1.4
- **area percentage**: 0.2%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 14107
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: Granville Craig
- **ex image**: Craig County Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Old Craig County Courthouse in Vinita, Oklahoma, Vinita (2010)
- **district**: 2nd
Creek County, Oklahoma

**Creek County** is a county that can be found in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, about 71,754 people lived in Creek County. The county seat of Creek County is Sapulpa.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 970 square miles.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Creek County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **founded year**: 1907
- **seat wl**: Sapulpa
- **largest city wl**: Sapulpa
- **area total sq mi**: 970
- **area land sq mi**: 950
- **area water sq mi**: 20
- **area percentage**: 2.0%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 71754
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **district**: 1st
- **district2**: 3rd
- **web**: www.creekcountyonline.com
- **named for**: Creek Nation
- **ex image**: CreekCountyCourthouseOK.JPG
- **ex image cap**: Creek County Courthouse, Sapulpa in 2014
EasyBCD

**EasyBCD** is a free program developed by the non-profit NeoSmart Technologies used to configure and tweak the new Windows Vista Bootloader. EasyBCD can be used to set up dual-boots between Windows Vista and previous versions of Windows, along with Linux, BSD, and Mac OS X.

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: EasyBCD
- **author**: Mahmoud H. Al-Qudsi
- **developer**: NeoSmart Technologies
- **latest release version**: 2.2
- **frequently updated**: Yes
- **programming language**: C++ and C Sharp (programming language), C#
- **operating system**: Windows 98, Windows 2000, Microsoft Windows, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008
- **platform**: .NET Framework 2.0 or .NET Framework 4.0
- **size**: 1.5 Megabyte, MB
- **genre**: Utility software
- **license**: Shareware (Freeware, Free for noncommercial use)
Custer County, Oklahoma

**Custer County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  It was named in honor of General George Armstrong Custer.  As of 2020, 28,513 people lived there.  Its county seat is Arapaho.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 1,002 square miles.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Custer County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **ex image**: Weatherford Armory.JPG
- **ex image size**: 300px
- **ex image cap**: Weatherford Armory
- **founded year**: 1891
- **seat wl**: Arapaho
- **largest city wl**: Weatherford
- **area total sq mi**: 1002
- **area land sq mi**: 989
- **area water sq mi**: 13
- **area percentage**: 1.3%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 28513
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **district**: 3rd
- **web**: http://custer.okcounties.org/
- **named for**: General George A. Custer
Delaware County, Oklahoma

**Delaware County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 40,397 people lived there.  Its county seat is Jay.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 792 square miles.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Delaware County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **founded year**: 1907
- **seat wl**: Jay
- **largest city wl**: Grove
- **area total sq mi**: 792
- **area land sq mi**: 738
- **area water sq mi**: 54
- **area percentage**: 6.8%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 40397
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: https://delaware.okcounties.org/
- **named for**: Delaware Indians
- **ex image**: Delaware courthouse facade.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Delaware County Courthouse
- **district**: 2nd
Loire-Atlantique

**Loire-Atlantique** is a department in France. It is in the Pays de la Loire region. Its capital is Nantes, which is also the region's capital. The department gets its name from the river which goes through it (_la Loire)_, and because it is next to the Atlantic Ocean.

## History

Loire Atlantique is one of the first 83 departments of France created in 1790. It used to be called _Loire-Inférieure_. It got its new name in 1957.

The department was part of Brittany until 1941 when the Vichy Governement separated it. Many people still think it is Brittany's capital. Some want it to be part of Brittany again.

## Geography

Loire-Atlantique is next to 4 departements:
- Vendée
- Maine-et-Loire
- Ille-et-Vilaine
- Morbihan

West of it is the Atlantic Ocean.

## Other websites

- Loire-Atlantique essential information in English from FrenchEntrée
- Prefecture website
- General council website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Loire-Atlantique
- **native name lang**: fr
- **type**: Departments of France, Department of France
- **image skyline**: Hôtel de préfecture de la Loire-Atlantique (colonnes) - Nantes.jpg
- **image caption**: Prefectures in France, Prefecture building in Nantes
- **image flag**: Drapeau fr département Loire-Atlantique.svg
- **image shield**: Blason département fr Loire-Atlantique.svg
- **image map**: Loire-Atlantique-Position.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Loire-Atlantique in France
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: France
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of France, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Pays de la Loire
- **seat type**: Prefectures in France, Prefecture
- **seat**: Nantes
- **parts type**: Subprefectures in France, Subprefectures
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Châteaubriant
Saint-Nazaire
- **leader party**: Socialist Party (France), PS
- **leader title**: List of presidents of departmental councils (France), President of the Departmental Council
- **leader name**: Michel Menard
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 6881
- **population rank**: List of French departments by population, 9th
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Departments of France, Department number
- **blank info sec1**: 44
- **blank name sec2**: Arrondissements of France, Arrondissements
- **blank info sec2**: arrondissements of the Loire-Atlantique department, 3
- **blank1 name sec2**: Cantons in France, Cantons
- **blank1 info sec2**: cantons of the Loire-Atlantique department, 31
- **blank2 name sec2**: Communes in France, Communes
- **blank2 info sec2**: communes of the Loire-Atlantique department, 207
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **footnotes**: French Land Register data, which exclude estuary, estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
Meadow

A **meadow** is a field of grass and other non-woody plants. It may be cut or grazed by livestock such as cattle, sheep or goats.

## Related pages

- Pasture
- Plain
- Plateau
- Prairie
- Savanna
- Steppe
- Tundra
- Field

## References

- Cornell University
- The Washington Post, "Today, 32,000 seedlings; tomorrow, a meadow"

## Other websites

- UK Wild Meadows Website
- Irish Wild Meadows Website
- Flora locale - information on creating wildflower meadows
- Meadow Planting
- A Year in a Meadow (Ottawa Canada)
- Grow a Back Yard Meadow (Ottawa Canada)
Dewey County, Oklahoma

**Dewey County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 4,484 people lived there.  Its county seat is Taloga.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 1,008 square miles.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Dewey County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **ex image**: DeweyCountyCourthouse110521.jpg
- **ex image size**: 300px
- **ex image cap**: Dewey County Courthouse
- **founded year**: 1891
- **seat wl**: Taloga
- **largest city wl**: Seiling
- **area total sq mi**: 1008
- **area land sq mi**: 999
- **area water sq mi**: 8.8
- **area percentage**: 0.9%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 4484
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **district**: 3rd
- **named for**: George Dewey
Ellis County, Oklahoma

**Ellis County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 3,749 people lived there.  Its county seat is Arnett.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 1,232 square miles.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Ellis County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **founded year**: 1907
- **seat wl**: Arnett
- **largest city wl**: Shattuck
- **city type**: town
- **area total sq mi**: 1232
- **area land sq mi**: 1232
- **area water sq mi**: 0.4
- **area percentage**: 0.03%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 3749
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **district**: 3rd
- **named for**: Albert H. Ellis
- **ex image**: Ellis County, Oklahoma courthouse from W 2.JPG
- **ex image cap**: Ellis County Courthouse in Arnett
Garfield County, Oklahoma

**Garfield County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 62,846 people lived there.  Its county seat is Enid.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 1,060 square miles.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Garfield County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **founded year**: 1893
- **seat wl**: Enid
- **largest city wl**: Enid
- **area total sq mi**: 1060
- **area land sq mi**: 1058
- **area water sq mi**: 1.6
- **area percentage**: 0.2%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 62846
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **district**: 3rd
- **web**: www.garfieldok.com
- **named for**: James A. Garfield
- **ex image**: Garfield County Courthouse front.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Garfield County Courthouse in Enid, Oklahoma, Enid (2011)
Garvin County, Oklahoma

**Garvin County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 25,656 people lived there.  Its county seat is Pauls Valley.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 814 square miles.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Garvin County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **ex image**: Garvin County Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image size**: 300px
- **ex image cap**: Garvin County Courthouse
- **founded year**: 1906
- **seat wl**: Pauls Valley
- **largest city wl**: Pauls Valley
- **area total sq mi**: 814
- **area land sq mi**: 802
- **area water sq mi**: 12
- **area percentage**: 1.4%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 25656
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: Samuel J. Garvin
- **district**: 4th
Grady County, Oklahoma

**Grady County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 54,795 people lived there.  Its county seat is Chickasha.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 1,105 square miles.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Grady County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **founded year**: 1907
- **seat wl**: Chickasha
- **largest city wl**: Chickasha
- **area total sq mi**: 1105
- **area land sq mi**: 1100
- **area water sq mi**: 4.4
- **area percentage**: 0.4%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 54795
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: www.gradycountyok.com
- **named for**: Henry W. Grady
- **district**: 4th
- **ex image**: Grady County Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Grady County Courthouse in Chickasha (2014)
Battle of Honey Springs

The **Battle of Honey Springs** was an American Civil War battle and fought on July 17, 1863. It was an important victory for Union forces in their efforts to gain control of the Indian Territory. The battle was also unique in the fact that white soldiers were the minority in both forces.

## Background

The Confederate commander in the Indian Territory at this time was Douglas H. Cooper. He wanted to capture Fort Gibson, the main Union fort in the territory. If the Confederates captured the fort, they could control the territory. Cooper had to wait along the Elk Creek, near Honey Springs. Cooper had several regiments from Texas in his army. There were several Indian regiments with the Confederates. Cooper needed reinforcements from Arkansas before he attacked the fort.

The Union commander in the terriroty was James G. Blunt. He found out about the Confederates's plans. He decided to attack first. His army had regiments from Kansas, Wisconsin, and Colorado. There were also regiments of Indians in the Union army.

## The battle

The battle started near dawn on July 17. The two armies started fighting north of Elk Creek. The Confederates slowly retreated back to the creek. The Union and Confederate soldiers fought along the creek for several hours. The Confederates started retreating when the center of their line was attacked by the 1st Kansas Colored Infantry.

## Aftermath

Cooper had to burn many of his supplies at Honey Springs to prevent Blunt from capturing them. The Confederates lost 627 casualties. The Union army lost 75 casualties.

## Sources

- Comtois, Pierre. "Frontier Battle of Honey Springs", in _America's Civil War_, November 1997.
- Manning, Michael J. "They Fought Like Veterans: The Civil War in Indian Territory April 1861 – September 1, 1863", in Blue & Gray Magazine, Vol. XXVIII, issue 3.
- Ryan, David M. "The All–American Battle", in _Civil War Times_, February 2004.
Bureau of Indian Affairs

The **Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)** was formed in 1824 to deal with Native Americans inside the United States. The BIA manages land and natural resources for Native Americans. It is responsible for the U.S. government's relationship with Native American tribes. Sometimes, it helps with infrastructure and law enforcement.

In the past, the BIA operated schools on Indian reservations. Now, the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) provides money for schools. Some of the schools are operated by the BIE and others are operated by the tribes themselves.
As Cruel as School Children

***As Cruel as School Children*** is the 3rd studio album by rap group Gym Class Heroes. It was released in July of 2006. The album contains some songs from their previous album _The Papercut Chronicles_.

## Singles

- Clothes Off!! (featuring Patrick Stump of Fall Out Boy)
- Cupid's Chokehold / Breakfast in America (featring Patrick Stump of Fall Out Boy)
- New Friends Request
- The Queen and I
- Shoot Down the Stars
- Boys in Bands: Interlude

## Track listing

<small>All songs written by Gym Class Heroes</small>

1. 1st Period: "The Queen and I" – 3:15
1. 2nd Period: "Shoot Down the Stars" – 3:38
1. 3rd Period: "New Friend Request" – 4:14
1. 4th Period: "Clothes Off!!" (featuring Patrick Stump from Fall Out Boy) – 3:55
1. Lunch: "Sloppy Love Jingle, Pt. 1" – 1:52
1. 6th Period: "Viva la White Girl" – 3:53
1. 7th Period: "7 Weeks" (featuring William Beckett) – 3:51
1. 8th Period: "It's OK, but Just This Once!" – 3:10
1. Study Hall: "Sloppy Love Jingle, Pt. 2" – 1:01
1. 10th Period: "Biters Block" – 3:48
1. Yearbook Club: "Boys In Bands Interlude" – 0:59
1. 12th Period: "Scandalous Scholastics" – 4:17
1. 13th Period: "On My Own Time (Write On!)" – 4:42
1. Intramurals: "Cupid's Chokehold" (featuring Patrick Stump from Fall Out Boy) – 3:58
1. Detention: "Sloppy Love Jingle Part 3" – 2:15

### Limited Edition Bonus Disc

1. Clothes Off!! (Stress Remix)" (featuring Ghostface Killah & Tyga) – 4:32
1. "Viva La White Girl (Remix)" (featuring Lil Wayne) – 4:46
1. "Machine and I (The Queen and I Remix)" (featuring Keith Buckley of Every Time I Die) – 4:22
1. "New Friend Request (Papoose Remix)" (featuring Papoose) – 4:15
Cattle drives in the United States

A **cattle drive** is the process of moving a herd of cattle from one place to another, usually moved and herded by cowboys on horses. The drives usually took a long time, perhaps six months or more. The drives went up from Texas to Kansas.
Oklahoma Senate

The **Oklahoma Senate** is the upper house of the two houses of the Legislature of Oklahoma, the lower house being the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The total number of Senators is set at 48 by the Oklahoma Constitution.

## Infobox (parliament)

- **name**: Oklahoma Senate
- **house type**: Upper house
- **body**: Oklahoma Legislature
- **leader1 type**: Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma, President of the Senate
- **leader1**: Jari Askins
- **party1**: Democratic Party (United States), D
- **election1**: January 2, 2007
- **leader2 type**: President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate, President Pro Tempore
- **leader2**: Mike Morgan (politician), Mike Morgan (Democratic Party (United States), D) and Glenn Coffee (Republican Party (United States), R)
- **election2**: January 2, 2007
- **members**: 48
- **p groups**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party
Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **election3**: November 7, 2006
- **meeting place**: Oklahoma State Capitol
- **website**: http://www.oksenate.gov/
Oklahoma House of Representatives

The **Oklahoma House of Representatives** is the lower house and larger body of the two houses of the Oklahoma Legislature, the other being the Oklahoma Senate. Representatives hold office for a term of two years.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (parliament)

- **name**: Oklahoma House of Representatives
- **house type**: Lower house
- **body**: Oklahoma Legislature
- **leader1 type**: Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, Speaker of the House
- **leader1**: Chris Benge
- **party1**: Republican Party (United States), R
- **election1**: January 28, 2008
- **leader2 type**: Speaker pro tempore
- **leader2**: Gus Blackwell
- **party2**: Republican Party (United States), R
- **election2**: January 2, 2007
- **members**: 101
- **political groups1**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party
Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **last election1**: November 7, 2006
- **meeting place**: Oklahoma State Capitol
Grant County, Oklahoma

**Grant County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 4,169 people lived there.  Its county seat is Medford.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 1,004 square miles.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Grant County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **ex image**: Grant County, OK County Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Grant County Courthouse in Medford (2017)
- **founded year**: 1893
- **seat wl**: Medford
- **largest city wl**: Medford
- **area total sq mi**: 1004
- **area land sq mi**: 1001
- **area water sq mi**: 2.7
- **area percentage**: 0.3%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 4169
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **district**: 3rd
- **named for**: Ulysses S. Grant
- **web**: www.grantcountyok.com
Greer County, Oklahoma

**Greer County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 5,491 people lived there.  Its county seat is Mangum. The county is named after John A. Greer, a former governor of Texas.

## History

The county was founded in 1896, when Oklahoma was still the Indian Territory. From 1896 to 1903, the county prohibited African Americans from living in it. In 1907, land was take away from the county to form the counties of Jackson County and Beckham County. In 1909, land was once again taken away to from Harmon County. The population peak was in 1930.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 644 square miles. It has 1 city, 2 towns, and 2 unincorporated communities.

### City

- Mangum (county seat)

### Towns

- Granite
- Willow

### Unincorporated communities

- Brinkman
- Reed

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Greer County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **founded year**: 1896
- **seat wl**: Mangum
- **largest city wl**: Mangum
- **area total sq mi**: 644
- **area land sq mi**: 639
- **area water sq mi**: 4.3
- **area percentage**: 0.7%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 5491
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: greer.okcounties.org
- **district**: 3rd
- **named for**: John A. Greer
- **ex image**: Greer County Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Greer County Courthouse in Mangum