Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

The **Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic** or in short, the **Ukrainian SSR** or **Soviet Ukraine** was in the southwestern part of the Soviet Union. It had the second largest population of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union. This lasted from 1922 to 1991.

The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations. It did not really have much power because it was tightly controlled by central all-Soviet Union authorities. When the Soviet Union broke apart, the Ukrainian SSR became Ukraine.

During its 72-year history, the republic's borders changed many times. The eastern city of Kharkiv was the republic's first capital. However, in 1934, it was moved to the city of Kyiv. Kyiv is still the capital of Ukraine. Among other largest cities there were Odesa, Dnipro, Donetsk (named Stalino before 1961), Lviv, Zaporizhia.

## History

Ukrainian SSR was one of 4 first republics of USSR.

In 1939 some lands of Western Ukraine was incorporated in Ukrainian SSR. It was occupied by Poland in 1921 and had cities Lviv, Ternopil, Stanislav (now Ivano-Frankivsk), Rivne.

In 1940 was taken from Romania Nortern Bukovina (Chernivtsy oblast) and part of Bessarabia.

During the WWIV all of its territory was occupied. There was large partisan movements.
Kyiv and Odesa became hero cities.

In 1953 former head of Communist party of Ukraine Nikita Khrushchev became the General Secretary of the CPSU. In 1964 he was removed by Ukrainian Leonid Brezhnev who was in office before his death in 1982.

In 1954 Crimea was incorporated in Ukrainian SSR.

In 1986 there was Chernobyl atomic station catastrophe.

## Demographic

In the republic there were about 29 mln people in 1926, 47.1 mln in 1970, 49.6 mln in 1979, 51.7 mln in 1989.

In 1989 5 cities had more than 1 million people. It was Kyiv (2.6 mln), Kharkiv (1.6 mln), Dnipro (1.2 mln), Odesa (1.1 mln) and Donetsk (1.1 mln).

The larger nation was Ukrainians, 2nd nation was Russians during all the history. Among the other nations were Jews, Belarusians, Moldovans and Romanians, Poles, Greeks.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

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Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic

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- **common name**: Ukrainian SSR
- **status**: Independent Socialist Republic (1919–1922)
Republics of the Soviet Union, Union Republic of the USSR (1922–1990)
Republics of the Soviet Union, Union Republic with priority of Supreme Soviet of Ukraine, Ukrainian legislation (1990–1991)
- **p1**: Ukrainian People's Republic
- **flag p1**: Flag of Ukraine.svg
- **p2**: Makhnovshchina
- **flag p2**: Black flag.svg
- **p4**: Second Polish Republic
- **flag p4**: Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg
- **p5**: Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
- **flag p5**: Flag of Romania.svg
- **p7**: Reichskommissariat Ukraine_Reichskommissariat_ Ukraine
- **flag p7**: Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg
- **p8**: General Government
- **flag p8**: Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg
- **p9**: Polish People's Republic
- **flag p9**: Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg
- **p10**: Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)Kingdom of Hungary
- **flag p10**: Flag of Hungary 1940.svg
- **p11**: Crimean Oblast
- **flag p11**: Flag of Russian SFSR (1937-1954).svg
- **s1**: Kingdom of Romania
- **flag s1**: Flag of Romania.svg
- **s2**: Moldavian Soviet Socialist RepublicMoldavian SSR
- **flag s2**: Flag of Moldavian SSR.svg
- **s3**: Reichskommissariat Ukraine_Reichskommissariat_ Ukraine
- **flag s3**: Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg
- **s4**: General Government
- **flag s4**: Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg
- **s5**: Polish People's Republic
- **flag s5**: Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg
- **s6**: Ukraine
- **flag s6**: Flag of Ukraine.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of Ukrainian SSR.svg
- **flag type**: Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Flag (1950–1991)
- **image coat**: Coat of arms of Ukrainian SSR.svg
- **symbol type**: Emblem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, State emblem
(1949–1991)
- **image map**: Ukrainian SSR in the Soviet Union.svg
- **image map caption**: Location of the Ukrainian SSR within the Soviet Union from 1954
- **national motto**: Пролетарі всіх країн, єднайтеся! <small>(Ukrainian language, Ukrainian)</small>
"Workers of the world, unite!, Proletari vsikh krayin, yednaitesia!" <small>(transliteration)
"Workers of the world, unite!"</small>
- **anthem**:
(transliteration)
"The Internationale"

(transliteration)
"Anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, State Anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic"
- **capital**: Kharkiv <small>(1919–1934)</small>
Kyiv <small>(1934–1991)</small>
- **common languages**: Russian
Ukrainian
<small>(in 1990 Ukrainian declared as official)</small><sup>a</sup>
- **government type**: Soviet republic (system of government), Soviet republic
- **title leader**: List of leaders of Ukraine#First Secretaries of the Central Committee, First Secretary
- **leader1**: Emanuel Kviring <small>(first)</small>
- **year leader1**: 1918–1919
- **leader2**: Stanislav Hurenko <small>(last)</small>
- **year leader2**: 1990–1991
- **title representative**: President of Ukraine#History, Head of state
- **representative1**: Grigory Petrovsky <small>(first)</small>
- **year representative1**: 1919–1938
- **representative2**: Leonid Kravchuk <small>(last)</small>
- **year representative2**: 1990–1991
- **title deputy**: List of Prime Ministers of Ukraine, Head of government
- **deputy1**: Christian Rakovsky <small>(first)</small>
- **year deputy1**: 1919–1923
- **deputy2**: Vitold Fokin <small>(last)</small>
- **year deputy2**: 1988–1991
- **legislature**: Supreme Soviet
- **era**: 20th century
- **event start**: Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, Admitted to USSR
- **life span**: 1919–1991

- **date pre**: 10 March 1919
- **event pre**: Declaration of the Ukrainian Soviet republic
- **date start**: 30 December
- **year start**: 1922
- **event1**: Soviet annexation of Western Ukraine, 1939–1940, Annexation of Western Ukraine from Poland
- **date event1**: 15 November 1939
- **event2**: United Nations Charter, Admitted Member states of the United Nations, to the United Nations
- **date event2**: 24 October 1945
- **event3**: Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine, Priority of Ukrainian laws declared, Soviet laws partially abolished
- **date event3**: 16 July 1990
- **event4**: Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, Declaration of independence, Ukrainian SSR renamed to Ukraine
- **date event4**: 24 August 1991
- **event5**: 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum, Ukrainian independence referendum
- **date event5**: 1 December 1991
- **event6**: Belavezha Accords, Ratification of agreement to dissolve the Soviet Union
- **date event6**: 10 December 1991
- **event end**: Dissolution of the Soviet Union (Ukraine's independence formally recognized)
- **date end**: 26 December
- **year end**: 1991
- **event post**: Soviet republic (system of government), Soviet government Constitution of Ukraine, officially abolished (New constitution)
- **date post**: 28 June 1996
- **stat year1**: Soviet Census (1989), 1989 census
- **stat pop1**: 51,706,746
- **stat area1**: 603700
- **currency**: Soviet ruble (karbovanets)
- **footnotes**:  Order of Lenin
  Four Hero City awards
- **footnote a**: Law of Ukraine "About languages of the Ukrainian SSR"
- **calling code**: 7 03/04/05/06
- **today**:
 (some parts Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, disputed)

(Tătaru Mare Island)