juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
You and Your Friend

"**'You and Your Friend**" is a song by the British rock band Dire Straits and is the sixth track from the 1991 rock album _On Every Street._

## Release

The song was the fifth song to be released as a single. It was the final single overall released by the band. The single was only released in France and Germany.

## Related interview

Mark Knopfler told in interview for "Musician": "I just liked the line. About the time we recorded the first record I had a song called "Me and My Friends." It was a Southern boogie thing about playing in the band. I never recorded it because it never really... "You and Your Friend" just has that thing. I like keeping it open for people to use in a way that they want. If you make it specific you spoil it. The song could be just a solitary cry for some kind of support — are you going to come around to my way of thinking? It could be sexual. One of the guys saw it as a complicated love triangle. It could be anything. But in fact that came from just the resonance of "You and Your Friend" instead of "Me and My Friends"."
Frantz Fanon

**Frantz Omar Fanon** (, ; ; 20 July 1925 – 6 December 1961), was a French West Indian psychiatrist and political philosopher. Fanon was from the French colony of Martinique, which is now a a French department. His writing remains significant in the studies of  postcolonialism, critical theory and Marxism.

## Infobox (philosopher)

- **name**: Frantz Fanon
- **birth place**: Fort-de-France, Martinique, French West Indies
- **death place**: Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.
- **alma mater**: University of Lyon
- **notable works**: _Black Skin, White Masks_; _The Wretched of the Earth_
- **region**: Africana philosophy
- **school tradition**: Marxism
Black existentialism
Critical theory
Existential phenomenology
- **main interests**: Decolonization and Postcolonialism, revolution, psychopathology of colonization, racism, Psychoanalysis
- **spouse**: Josie Fanon
- **influences**: Karl Marx _Négritude_ Sigmund Freud  Jean-Paul Sartre Aimé Césaire  Maurice Merleau-Ponty  Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, G.W.F. Hegel Jacques Lacan
- **influenced**: _Afro-pessimism_ Hortense Spillers Edward Said Ngugi wa Thiong'o   Ali Shariati Steve Biko Malcolm X Che Guevara Paulo Freire Huey P. Newton Bobby Seale  Lewis Gordon
- **notable ideas**: Double consciousness, Colonial mentality, colonial alienation, Negrescence, To become black, Sociogeny
Two Mules for Sister Sara

***Two Mules for Sister Sara*** is a 1970 American Mexican action Western movie directed by Don Siegel and starring Clint Eastwood, Shirley MacLaine, Manolo Fábregas, Alberto Morin, Armando Silvestre, Enrique Lucero, Xavier Marc and David Estuardo. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.

## Other websites

- _Two Mules for Sister Sara_ at Rotten Tomatoes
Tetum place names

This is a list of place names in Tetum. Many of the place names come from the Portuguese language, but some come from the English language or the Indonesian language.

### East Timor

|colspan="4"|Timor Lorosa'e||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Aileu Municipality|Munisípiu Aileu||
|Ainaro|Ainaru||
|Ainaro Municipality|Munisípiu Ainaru||
|Baucau|Baukau||
|Baucau Municipality|Munisípiu Baukau||
|Bobonaro|Bobonaru||
|Bobonaro Municipality|Munisípiu Bobonaru||
|Cailaco|Kailaku||
|Cova Lima Municipality|Munisípiu Kovalima||
|Dili|Díli||
|Ermera Municipality|Munisípiu Ermera||
|Lacluta|Lakluta||
|Lautém|Lautein||
|Lautém Municipality|Munisípiu Lautein||
|Lequidoe|Lekidoe||
|Liquiçá|Likisá||
|Luro|Luru||
|Manatuto|Manatutu||
|Manatuto Municipality|Munisípiu Manatutu||
|Manufahi Municipality|Munisípiu Manufahi||
|Oecusse|Oekusi||
|Pante Macassar|Pante-Makasár||
|Railaco|Railaku||
|Uato-Lari|Watulari||
|Viqueque|Vikeke||
|Viqueque Municipality|Munisípiu Vikeke||

### Australia

|colspan="4"|Austrália|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Canberra|Kamberra|Canberra||
|Darwin|Darvín|Darwin Däwin||
|Sydney|Sidni|Sydney||

### Belgium

|colspan="4"|Béljika|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Brussels|Bruxelas|Brussel Bruxelles||

### Canada

|colspan="4"|Kanadá|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Ottawa|Otava|Ottawa||

### China

|colspan="4"|Xina|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Beijing|Pekín|北京 (Běijīng)||

### Greece

|colspan="4"|Grésia|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Athens|Atenas|Αθήνα (Athína) Ἀθῆναι (Athênai)||

### India

|colspan="4"|Índia|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|New Delhi|Delí Foun|नई दिल्ली (Naī Dillī)||

### Japan

|colspan="4"|Japaun|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Tokyo|Tokio|東京 (Tōkyō)||

### United Kingdom

|colspan="4"|Reinu Naklibur|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Edinburgh|Edimburgu|Edinburgh Dún Éideann||
|Glasgow|Glázgua|Glasgow Glesga Glaschu||
|London|Londres|London||

### United States

|colspan="4"|Estadu Naklibur|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|New York City|Sidade York Foun|New York City||
Central European boar

The **Central European boar** (_Sus scrofa scrofa_) is a subspecies of wild boar, live across almost all of mainland Europe, except parts of Scandinavia, European Russia and the southernmost parts of Greece. It is a medium-sized, dark to rusty-brown haired subspecies with long and narrow lacrimal bones. In Northern Italy, artificially introduced _Wild boar_ have been bred with the smaller sized indigenous _Maremman boar_ populations since the 1950s.
Johnson & Johnson

**Johnson & Johnson** (**J&J**) is an American corporation founded in 1886 that develops medical goods and pharmaceuticals. The company is ranked No. 36 on the 2021 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Johnson & Johnson
- **logo**: Johnson and Johnson Logo.svg
- **image**: JohnsonJohnson HQ building.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **image caption**: Headquarters at One Johnson and Johnson Plaza in New Brunswick, New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **isin**: US4781601046
- **founded**: in New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
- **location**: One Johnson & Johnson Plaza
- **location city**: New Brunswick, New Jersey
- **location country**: United States, U.S.
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **products**: List of Johnson & Johnson products and services
- **num employees**: 134,500
Yus

**Little yus** (Ѧ ѧ) and **big yus** (Ѫ ѫ), or **jus**, are letters of the Cyrillic script, they were used in Early Cyrillic, and the little yus stands for the number 900.
501 (number)

**Five hundred one** (**501**) is the natural number after 500 and before 502. In Roman numerals, 501 is written as DI.

## Infobox (number)
Voiceless velar plosive

The **voiceless velar stop** is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is <samp>⟨k⟩</samp>. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by the "c" in _care_ and the "k" in _kiss_.

## Feeatures

See also: Voiced velar lateral stop

## Examples

|Language|Word|IPA|Meaning|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Abkhaz|/a**k̇h**alak̇h’||'the city'|||
|Adyghe|Shapsug|/**k′**ėt||'chicken'||
|Temirgoy|/ps**k**ėn|||||
|Ahtna|**_g**istaann_||'six'|||
|Aleut|||'cranberry bush'|||
|Arabic|Modern Standard|/**k**utib||'he wrote'||
|Armenian|Eastern|/ k'aġak'/k'aghak||'town'||
|Assamese|/kom||'less'|||
|Assyrian|ܟܬܒ̣ܐ|]|'book'|||
|Basque|||'cat'|||
|Bengali|/kom||'less'|||
|Bulgarian|/kak||'how'|||
|Catalan|||'hearts'|||
|Chinese|Cantonese|/||'home'||
|Hokkien|||'song'|||
|Mandarin|/||'high'|||
|Chuvash|**к**у**кк**а|[ku'kːɑ]|'mother's brother'|||
|Czech|||'bone'|||
|Danish|Standard|||'goose'||
|Dutch|||'king'|||
|English|**_k**iss_||'kiss'|||
|Esperanto|||'tale'|||
|Estonian|***k**õi**k***||'all'|||
|Filipino|||'lice'|||
|Finnish|||'cake'|||
|French|||'office'|||
|Georgian|/kva||'stone'|||
|German|||'cage'|||
|Greek|||'monk'|||
|Gujarati|/kaṃde||'onion'|||
|Hebrew|||'money'|||
|Hiligaynon|||'laugh'|||
|Hindustani|/||'work'|||
|Hungarian|||'then'|||
|Italian|||'house'|||
|Japanese|/||'handbag'|||
|Kagayanen|||'spirit'|||
|Khmer|/||'Cambodia'|||
|Korean|감자 /||'potato'|||
|Lakota|**_k**imímela_||'butterfly'|||
|Luxembourgish|||'goat'|||
|Macedonian|**к**ој||'who'|||
|Marathi|||'armour'|||
|Malay|||'leg'|||
|Nepali|||'banana'|||
|Norwegian|||'cake'|||
|Odia|/kāma||'work'|||
|Pashto|/kal||'year'|||
|colspan="2"|Persian|کارد/kārd|[kɑrd]|'knife'||
|Polish|||'beech tree'|||
|Portuguese|||'body'|||
|Punjabi|/کر/kar||'do'|||
|Romanian|||'when'|||
|Russian|/korotkiy||'short'|||
|Serbo-Croatian|/||'bone'|||
|Slovak|||'bone'|||
|Spanish|||'house'|||
|Swedish|||'cow'|||
|Sylheti|/kita||'what'|||
|Tamil|கை/kai||'hand'|||
|Telugu|కాకి/kāki||'crow'|||
|colspan="2"|Thai|ไก่|/kị̀||'chicken'|
|Turkish|||'ear'|||
|Ubykh|кауар/kawar||'slat'|||
|Ukrainian|/koleso||'wheel'|||
|Vietnamese|||'orange'|||
|colspan="2"|Welsh|**c**alon|[kalɔn]|'heart'||
|West Frisian|||'calf'|||
|Yi|/||'foolish'|||
|Zapotec|Tilquiapan|**_c**anza_||'walking'||

## Infobox (ipa)

- **ipa-number**: 109
- **decimal**: 107
- **xsampa**: k
- **kirshenbaum**: k
133 (number)

**133** (**one hundred [and] thirty-three**) is a natural number. It is after 132 and before 134.

## In mathematics

The sum of **133**<nowiki/>'s proper divisors is equal to φ(_n_).

133 is an octagonal number, a Harshad number and a happy number.

In base 11(111) and base 18(77), 133 is a repdigit(a natural number that has only one type of digit).

133 is a semiprime number number(a product of 7 and 19). 7 and 19 are both Gaussian primes. This means that 133 is also a Blum integer

## In other fields

**133** is also:

- The atomic number of the element called untritrium.
- Xenon-133 is an isotope of xenon.
- 133 is the police emergency telephone number in Chile
- "133" is the name of a David Guetta song, from the album _Just a Little More Love_
- In Austria, the phone number for the police.

## Infobox (number)

- **number**: 133
- **divisor**: 1, 7, 19, 133
Ananda Mahidol

**Ananda Mahidol** (; ; 20 September 1925 – 9 June 1946), also known as **Rama VIII**, was King of Thailand, reigning from 1935 until his assassination in 1946.

Ananda was born in Heidelburg, Baden, in the Weimar Republic and died on June 9, 1946 at the Boromphiman Throne Hall at the Grand Palace in Bangkok, aged 20. He was believed to have either committed suicide or may have been assassinated.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Ananda Mahidol
- **title**: King Rama VIII
- **image**: King_Ananda_Mahidol_of_Thailand_Formal_Portrait_1946.png
- **caption**: Formal portrait, 1946
- **succession**: Monarch of Thailand
- **predecessor**: Prajadhipok
- **reg-type**: Regent of Thailand, Regent
- **successor**: Bhumibol Adulyadej
- **birth place**: Heidelberg, Republic of Baden, Baden, Weimar Republic
- **death place**: Boromphiman Throne Hall, Grand Palace, Bangkok, Thailand
- **house**: :Category:Mahidol family, Mahidol (Chakri Dynasty)
- **father**: Mahidol Adulyadej
- **mother**: Srinagarindra
- **religion**: Buddhism
- **signature**: Ananda Mahidol signature - en.svg


## Infobox (chinese)

- **title**: Ananda Mahidol
- **pic**: Privy Seal of King Rama VIII (Ananda Mahidol).svg
- **piccap**: Privy Seal
- **picsize**: 100px
- **tha**: อานันทมหิดล
- **rtgs**: Ananthamahidon
Hardoi district

**Hardoi district** is a district in the center of Uttar Pradesh, India. The district headquarters is in the city of Hardoi. Hardoi is the third largest district of Uttar Pradesh. As of the 2011 census, 4,092,845 people lived there. It is the 13th-most populous district in Uttar Pradesh.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Hardoi district
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Demographics
- **demographics1 title1**: Literacy in India, Literacy
- **demographics1 info1**: 50%
- **demographics1 title2**: Sex ratio
- **demographics1 info2**: 856
- **leader title**: M.P.
- **leader name**: Jay Prakash Rawat
- **leader title2**: Vidhan Sabha, Vidhan Sabha constituencies
- **leader name2**: 8
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +05:30
- **population total**: 4,092,845
- **settlement type**: Districts of Uttar Pradesh, District of Uttar Pradesh
- **subdivision type2**: Administrative divisions of India, Division
- **total type**: Total
- **image map**: India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Hardoi.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Hardoi district in Uttar Pradesh
- **coor pinpoint**: Hardoi
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States and union territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Uttar Pradesh
- **subdivision name2**: Lucknow division, Lucknow
- **population as of**: 2011
- **established title**: Established
- **seat type**: Headquarters
- **seat**: Hardoi
- **parts type**: Tehsils of India, Tehsils
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Hardoi, Shahabad, Hardoi, Shahabad, Sawayajpur, Bilgram and Sandila.
- **area total km2**: 5947
- **website**: http://hardoi.nic.in/
United Launch Alliance

United Launch Alliance (ULA) is an American space launch service provider that manufactures and operates a number of rocket vehicles capable of launching into orbits around Earth and other bodies in the Solar System.  It was formed in December 2006; customers of ULA include United States Department of Defense and NASA among other organizations.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: United Launch Alliance
- **image**: File:Atlas V 551 launch with Juno.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **image caption**: Atlas V 551 launch with Juno
- **type**: Joint venture
- **industry**: Aerospace engineering, Aerospace
- **location**: Centennial, Colorado, United States
- **key people**: Tory Bruno (Chief executive officer, CEO)
- **services**: Space launch provider
- **num employees**: 2500 (2018)
3600 (2014)
3900 (2009)
4200 (2008)
- **parent**: Lockheed Martin Space (50%)
Boeing Defense, Space & Security (50%)
World Trade Center Doha

**World Trade Center Doha** is a skyscraper in Doha, Qatar.  It is 241 meters (791 feet) tall and has 51 floors. It was built in 2013.

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the world

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - World Trade Center Doha
- SkycraperPage.com – World Trade Center Doha

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: World Trade Center Doha
- **location**: Doha
Qatar
- **floor count**: 51
- **construction start date**: 2009
- **completion date**: 2013
- **antenna spire**: 241 m (791 ft)
Kaithi

**Kaithi** is a script to write languages such as Bhojpuri, Hindi, Marathi, Sanskrit, Gujarati, etc. Kaithi script is mostly used in Indo-Aryan languages.

## Related pages

- Devanagari
Proto-Indo-Aryan

**Proto-Indo-Aryan** (sometimes **Proto-Indic**) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Aryan languages.

## Features

It is intended to reconstruct the language of the Proto-Indo-Aryans. Being descended from Proto-Indo-Iranian (which in turn is descended from Proto-Indo-European), it has the characteristics of a Satem language.

## Further reading

- Morgenstierne, Georg. "Early Iranic Influence upon Indo-Aryan." Acta Iranica, I. série, Commemoration Cyrus. Vol. I. Hommage universel (1974): 271-279.
Pione Sisto

**Pione Sisto Ifolo Emirmija** (; born 4 February 1995) is a Danish professional footballer. He plays as a left winger for Greek club Aris and the Danish national team.

### Club

|rowspan=2|Club|rowspan=2|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|Continental|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="6"|Midtjylland|2012–13|rowspan="5"|Danish Superliga|10|0|1|0|–|11|0||
|2013–14|27|6|2|3|–|29|9||||||
|2014–15|22|8|0|0|2|0|24|8|||||
|2015–16|29|4|0|0|13|4|42|8|||||
|2016–17|2|2|0|0|5|4|7|6|||||
|rowspan="5"|Celta Vigo|2016–17|rowspan="4"|La Liga|30|3|6|1|13|2|49|6|
|2017–18|34|5|2|1|–|36|6||||||
|2018–19|25|2|2|0|–|27|2||||||
|2019–20|21|2|2|2|–|23|4||||||
|Midtjylland|2020–21|Danish Superliga|12|5|1|0|8|0|21|5|||

### International

- _Statistics accurate as of match played 18 November 2020._

|colspan=3|Denmark||
| --- | --- | --- |
|2015|2|0|
|2016|2|0|
|2017|6|0|
|2018|11|1|
|2019|0|0|
|2020|4|0|

#### International goals

- _Scores and results list Denmark's goal tally first._

|No|Date|Venue|Opponent|Score|Result|Competition|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1.|22 March 2018|Brøndby Stadium, Brøndbyvester, Denmark||**1**–0|1–0|Friendly|

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Pione Sisto
- **image**: Pione Sisto 2018 XXIII Memorial Quinocho (RC Celta vs Mainz 05) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Sisto with RC Celta de Vigo, Celta in 2018
- **fullname**: Pione Sisto Ifolo Emirmija
- **birth place**: Kampala, Uganda
- **height**: 1.73 m
- **position**: Midfielder#Winger, Winger
- **currentclub**: Aris Thessaloniki F.C., Aris
- **clubnumber**: 7
- **youthyears1**: 2002–2010
- **youthclubs1**: Tjørring IF, Tjørring
- **youthyears2**: 2010–2013
- **youthclubs2**: FC Midtjylland, Midtjylland
- **years1**: 2013–2016
- **clubs1**: FC Midtjylland, Midtjylland
- **caps1**: 90
- **goals1**: 20
- **years2**: 2016–2020
- **clubs2**: RC Celta de Vigo, Celta Vigo
- **caps2**: 110
- **goals2**: 12
- **years3**: 2020–2023
- **clubs3**: FC Midtjylland, Midtjylland
- **caps3**: 66
- **goals3**: 13
- **years4**: 2023–2024
- **clubs4**: Alanyaspor
- **caps4**: 20
- **goals4**: 1
- **years5**: 2024–
- **clubs5**: Aris Thessaloniki F.C., Aris
- **caps5**: 0
- **goals5**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2015–2016
- **nationalteam1**: Denmark national under-21 football team, Denmark U21
- **nationalcaps1**: 6
- **nationalgoals1**: 4
- **nationalyears2**: 2015–
- **nationalteam2**: Denmark national football team, Denmark
- **nationalcaps2**: 26
- **nationalgoals2**: 1
- **club-update**: 9 November 2021
- **ntupdate**: 18 November 2020
Al Bidda Tower

**Al Bidda Tower** is a skyscraper in Doha, Qatar.  It is 215 meters (705 feet) tall and has 43 floors. It was built between 2006 to 2011

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the world

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - Al Bidda Tower
- SkycraperPage.com – Al Bidda Tower

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Al Bidda Tower
- **location**: Doha
Qatar
- **floor count**: 43
- **construction start date**: 2005
- **completion date**: 2009
- **antenna spire**: 215 m (705 ft)
Bokermannohyla ravida

The ***Bokermannohyla ravida*** is a frog that lives in Brazil.  Scientists have seen it in exactly one place, 947 meters above sea level.
Threonine

**Threonine** (symbol **Thr** or **T**) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

## History

Threonine was discovered in 1936 by William Cumming Rose and Curtis Meyer.

## Other websites

- Threonine biosynthesis
- CID 205
- CID 6288
Biosynthesis

**Biosynthesis** is the production of complex molecules within living organisms or cells. Biosynthesis takes simple molecules and turns them into bigger molecules.

## Properties

Biosynthesis happens because of chemical reactions. Biosynthesis needs these things to happen:
- Precursor molecules: Precursor molecules are the starting molecules in biosynthesis.
- Chemical energy: Energy is needed to turn the precursor molecules into the result.
- Catalytic enzymes: Enzymes help the reactions go faster. Enzymes also lower the energy needed.
- Coenzymes: Coenzymes help the chemical reactions.
Kawishana language

**Cawishana** (Kawishana, Kaishana) is an Arawakan language, presumably extinct, of Brazil.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Cawishana
- **nativename**: Kaixana
- **states**: Brazil
- **extinct**: mid-20th century
- **familycolor**: American
- **fam1**: Maipurean languages, Arawakan
- **fam2**: Northern
- **fam3**: Upper Amazon Arawakan, Upper Amazon
- **fam4**: Manao
- **iso3**: none
- **linglist**: qsw
- **glotto**: kais1242
- **glottorefname**: Kaishana
Macaron

A **Macaron**  is a sweet meringue-based confection made with egg white, icing sugar, granulated sugar, almond meal, and food colouring.

The Macaron have been introduced in France by the Italian chef of queen Catherine de Medici during the Renaissance. Since the 19th century, a macaron is shown with a ganache, buttercream or jam filling sandwiched between two cookies. It is moist and easily melts in the mouth. Macarons can be found in different flavours (raspberry, chocolate) to (foie gras, matcha).

## Infobox (prepared food)

- **name**: Macaron
- **image**: vanillaMacaron.jpg
- **caption**: Parisian-style macarons (vanilla flavour)
- **image alt**: Parisian-style macarons (vanilla flavour)
- **alternate name**: wikt:French macaroon, French macaroon
- **country**: France

- **creator**: Pierre Desfontaines or Claude Gerbet.
- course           ...
- **type**: Confectionery
- **main ingredient**: Cookie: egg white, icing sugar, granulated sugar, almond powder, food colouring
Filling: buttercream or clotted cream, ganache, or jam
Paraffin (disambiguation)

**Paraffin** can be:

## Substances

- Paraffin
- Paraffin wax, a white or colorless soft solid that is used as a lubricant and for other applications
- Liquid paraffin (drug), a very highly refined mineral oil used in cosmetics and for medical purposes
- Alkane, a saturated hydrocarbon
- Kerosene, a fuel that is also known as paraffin
- Mineral oil, any of various colorless, odorless, light mixtures of alkanes in the C15 to C40 range from a non-vegetable (mineral) source, particularly a distillate of petroleum
- Petroleum jelly, also called soft paraffin
- Tractor vaporizing oil, a fuel for petrol-paraffin engines

## Other uses

- Paraffin - WiX command-line tool, a free software toolset that builds Windows Installer (MSI) packages from an XML document

## Related pages

- Kerosene (disambiguation)
- Paraffin oil (disambiguation)
- Paraffin test
Claude Brosset

**Claude Brosset** (December 24, 1943 in Juvisy-sur-Orge – June 25, 2007 in Pontoise) was a French actor.

Brosset was known for his supporting roles in movies and in French television movies.

He was also a theater actor, resident of the Comédie-Française between 1963 and 1966.
Preston Smith (governor)

**Preston Earnest Smith** (March 7, 1912 – October 18, 2003) was an American entrepreneur and politician who served as the 40th Governor of Texas from 1969 to 1973. Before that, he was the lieutenant governor from 1963 to 1969. He was a Democrat.
Rui Machete

**Rui Manuel Parente Chancerelle de Machete** (born 7 April 1940) is a Portuguese politician and public servant. He was the Minister of Social Affairs from 1976 to 1979, Minister of Justice from 1983 to 1985, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of National Defense in 1985, and Minister of State and Foreign Affairs from 2013 to 2015. He was the leader of the Social Democratic Party in 1985.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rui Machete
- **image**: Rui Machete.jpg
- **caption**: Rui Machete in 2014
- **office**: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Portugal), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **primeminister**: Pedro Passos Coelho
- **term start**: 24 July 2013
- **term end**: 26 November 2015
- **predecessor**: Paulo Portas
- **successor**: Augusto Santos Silva
- **birth place**: Setúbal, Estado Novo (Portugal), Portugal
- **party**: Social Democratic Party (Portugal), Social Democratic Party
- **alma mater**: University of Lisbon
Yech (letter)

**Yech**, or **Êch** (majuscule: Ե; minuscule: ե; Armenian: եչ) is the fifth letter of the Armenian alphabet.  It is created by Mesrop Mashtots in the 5th century AD. It has a numerical value of 5.

## Other similar letters

- Е е : Cyrillic letter Ye
- Є є : Cyrillic letter Ukrainian Ye
- E e : Latin letter E
- t : Latin letter T

## Related pages

- Armenian alphabet

## Other websites

- Ե on Wiktionary
- ե on Wiktionary

## Infobox (grapheme)

- **name**: Yech
- **unicode**: U+0535, U+0565
- **usageperiod**: 405 to present
- **fam4**:
- **fam3**:
- **fam2**:
- **fam1**:
- **number**: 5
- **alphanumber**: 5
- **phonemes**: []
[jɛ]
- **letter**: Ե ե
- **language**: Armenian language
- **typedesc**: ic
- **type**: Alphabet
- **script**: Armenian script
- **imagealt**: Shghagir variant of Yech
- **imagesize**: 195px
- **image**: File:Ե շղագիր (XII-XX դդ.).svg
- **direction**: Left-to-Right
Tabular Islamic calendar

The **Tabular Islamic calendar** is a variation of the Islamic calendar. It has the same numbering of years and months, but the months are determined by rules rather than by observing the crescent moon directly. The tabular calendar was developed by early Muslim astronomers of the second hijra century (the 8th century of the Common Era). They wanted to be able to predict the positions of the moon, sun, and planets. It is now used by historians to convert an Islamic date into a Western calendar when no other information (like the day of the week) is available. Its calendar era is the Hijri year and its epoch (year 1) is the date of the Hijra (622 in the Common Era or Gregorian calendar).

## Uses

It is used by some Muslims in everyday life, particularly in Ismaili and Shi'a communities, who believe that this calendar was developed by Ali. They believe that when Ali drew up this calendar, the previous events of the earlier prophets also fell into line with this calendar. It is their belief that all Fatimid Imams and their Da'is have followed this tradition.

## Days and months

Each year has 12 months. The odd numbered months have 30 days and the even numbered months have 29 days, except in a leap year when the 12th and final month Dhu al-Hijjah has 30 days.
Lindsey Pearlman

**Lindsey Erin Pearlman** (October 5, 1978 – February 18, 2022) was an American actress. She was known for her roles on _General Hospital_ and _Chicago Justice_. She also appeared in _The Ms. Pat Show_ and _Selena: The Series on Netflix_. Pearlman was born in Chicago, Illinois.

On February 13, 2022 she went missing in Los Angeles. Five days later, she was found dead in a car near Runyon Canyon Park in Hollywood, California at aged 43. In August 2022, the cause of death was suicide by overdose of sodium nitrite.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lindsey Pearlman
- **image**: Actress Lindsay Pearlman performs a skit on sexual assault in 2013 130601-Z-JU469-003 (cropped).jpeg
- **birth name**: Lindsey Erin Pearlman
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Hollywood, Runyon Canyon Park, Hollywood, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Suicide by sodium nitrite Drug overdose, overdose
Caribbean reef squid

The **Caribbean reef squid** (_Sepioteuthis sepioidea_) is a species of torpedo-shaped squid. It is mostly found in the Caribbean Sea and sometimes found off the coast of Florida.

They are found in schools (groups) of about thirty at a time. Baby squids live closer to the shore than the older ones. The squid can eat 30-60% of their body weight daily. The Caribbean reef squid uses its beak to cut their food up so that it is easier to process. They communicate using the colors of their body as well as shape and texture.
Sepioteuthis

***The Sepioteuthis lessonian, also known as bigfinreef squid or oval squid, is widely distributed in neritic waters throughout the Indo-West Pacific, from Japan to northern Australia (Jereb and Roper 2010). According to research published in Variations in life-history traits and statolith shape for Sepioteuthis spp. in the waters off southwestern Japan, it plays a critical ecological role in many marine ecosystems, dominating various water columns, serving as both prey and predators to numerous marine organisms, and transferring energy between neritic and bottom waters, Several squid species share similar migratory patterns, inhabiting both inshore and offshore waters and aggregating near coasts for spawning once they reach maturity. One study from 2023 revealed that it exhibits temperature-dependent distribution patterns, with populations adapting to different thermal histories based on ambient water temperatures recorded in their statoliths. This trait may help the species cope with seasonal and regional climate variability. Despite its ecological importance and increasing interest in its potential for sustainable fisheries, the species remains understudied, with limited public awareness and few accessible resources. This summary aims to bring forward findings from older and specialized scientific literature that are not widely available online, helping to expand public understanding of this organism’s natural history.***
Loliginidae

**Loliginidae**, usally known as **pencil squids**, is a family of squid in the order Myopsida.
Myopsida

**Myopsida** is a order of squid. It is made of two families: Australiteuthis and Loliginidae.
Alcide d'Orbigny

**Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny** (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who helped in zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthropology.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny
- **image**: Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny 1802.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **birth place**: Couëron, France
- **death place**: Pierrefitte-sur-Seine
- **nationality**: French
- **fields**: Natural history
- **work institution**: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle
- **known for**: malacology, fossils, palaeontology
Black-spotted casque-headed tree frog

The **black-spotted casque-headed tree frog** (_Trachycephalus nigromaculatus_) is a frog that lives in Brazil.
The Railway Series

***The Railway Series*** is a series of fiction books written by the Reverend W. Awdry and his son Christopher Awdry. The books are about the locomotives who work on the Island of Sodor, including Thomas the Tank Engine. The first book, called _The Three Railway Engines_, came out in 1945. The last book,
_Thomas and His Friends_, was published in 2011. The books were made into a TV show in 1984, called _Thomas & Friends_.

## Origins

In 1942, Christopher Awdry caught measles and was confined to his bedroom. He was two years old at the time. His father, Wilbert, told him stories and rhymes to cheer him up. One of Christopher's favourite rhymes was:
<poem>Early in the morning,
Down at the station,
All the little engines
Standing in a row.

Along comes the driver,
Pulls the little lever
Puff, puff! Chuff, chuff!
Off we go!</poem>

Wilbert then drew illustrations of the rhyme. Christopher then asked questions about the sad engine depicted in the drawing. This led to Wilbert writing a short story titled "Edward's Day Out". It is about , an old engine who is allowed out of the shed for a day. Another story about Edward followed, this time also featuring Gordon the Big Engine. Gordon was named after a child living on the same road who Christopher considered rather bossy.

The third story had its origins in a limerick Christopher liked. Wilbert used the rhyme as inspiration for the introduction in "The Sad Story of Henry":
<poem>Once, an engine attached to a train
Was afraid of a few drops of rain
It went into a tunnel,
And squeaked through its funnel
And never came out again.</poem>

This story introduced  and The Fat Controller. Wilbert's wife, Margaret, encouraged her husband to publish the stories. In 1943, Awdry submitted the three stories to writer Michael Barsley. The stories were then sent to publishing firm Edmund Ward in Leicester. Edmund Ward requested a fourth story to bring the three engines together and redeem Henry, who had been bricked up in a tunnel in the previous story. Wilbert had not intended that the three engines live on the same railway. Nonetheless, he responded by writing the story "Edward, Gordon and Henry". The four stories were published by Edmund Ward on 12 May 1945. The stories were included in a single book, _The Three Railway Engines_. The illustrations were drawn by William Middleton.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Railway Series
- **image**: Maps-sodor-railways-amoswolfe.svg
- **caption**: Map showing the railways on the fictional Island of Sodor
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English language, English
- **genre**: Children's
- **pub date**: May 1978–July 2051
Veined tree frog

The **veined tree frog**, **merian frog**, **common tree frog**, **warty tree frog**, **marbled tree frog**, **lost treefrog**, **Laurenti's brown tree frog**, **vein-eyed glue frog**, **Amazon milk frog**, or **pepper tree frog** (_Trachycephalus typhonius_) is a frog that lives in Brazil, Colombia, Nicaragua, Surname, Argentina, Bolivia, Guianas, Paraguay, Argentina, Venezuela, Peru, Trinidad, and Tobago.

This animal is large for a tree frog.  The adult male is 7.0 to 10.0 cm long from nose to rear end and the adult female is 9.3 to 11.4 cm long.  It has thick yellow, gray, or red-brown skin on its back with a large tan or brown mark.  It has strong toes with disks on them for climbing.  There is a little webbing on the front feet and more webbing on the back feet.  The adult male frog has vocal sacs for singing.  Unlike other tree frogs, it has green bones and solid color on its sides.  But it can have stripes on its legs. This frog hides during the day and looks for food at night.  People have seen it high in the tree branches.

This frog lays eggs after big rainstorms.  The female lays eggs on the surface of a pond. The tadpoles take 37 to 47 days to become young frogs. The tadpoles have large lungs and large gills.  This is because there is not much oxygen in the warm water where they live.  They eat algae.

Scientists have seen this frog glide through the air.  They call this kind of gliding parachuting.  The frog falls in the same direction, with its legs spread out.

This frog makes a sticky white substance in its skin.  This substance has chemicals that can cause human beings' skin and eyes to hurt.  One of its names "pepper tree frog," comes from the idea that it makes people sneeze, like pepper does.  If a snake or other predator tries to eat the frog, it will make this white substance come out of its skin.  This will hurt the predator's mouth so the frog can hop away.  Because this substance does not dissolve in water, like wax does not, scientists also think it might also stop the frog from drying out and dying.
Amazon milk frog

There is more than one animal called **Amazon milk frog**:

- Veined tree frog (_Trachycephalus typhonius_)
- Mission golden-eyed tree frog (_Trachycephalus mesophaeus_)
- Amazonian milk frog (_Trachycephalus macrotis_)
Bokermannohyla luctuosa

The **reservoir tree frog** (_Bokermannohyla luctuosa_) is a frog that lives in Brazil.

## Appearance

This frog is large for a tree frog. It is 5.5 to 7.0 cm long from nose to rear end. It has large eyes that stick out. Its eardrums are not fully round; they are oval instead. It has disks on its toes for climbing. The skin on its back is brown and the skin on its sides and belly are creamy white. The skin on its legs can be brown with black marks. The male frogs have vocal slits on their necks.

## Home

This frog lives in forests. Human beings tend to see it near bodies of water that dry up for part of the year. Human beings to see it on days when it has rained softly.

## Threats

There are fewer of these frogs than there were. This is because human beings cut down the forests where they live for lumber, to build towns and farms, and to make places for animals to eat grass.
Voiced velar plosive

The **voiced velar stop** is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is <samp>⟨g⟩</samp>. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by the "g" in _gear_ and _grow_.

## Features

See also: Voiced uvular lateral fricative

## Examples

|Language|Word|IPA|Meaning|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Abkhaz|/ažyga||'shovel'|||
|Adyghe|Shapsug|/g'ègwal"è||'toy'||
|Temirgoy|/ č"ygy||'tree'|||
|Albanian|||'donkey'|||
|rowspan="8"|Arabic|Moroccan|/'agaadiir||'Agadir'|
|Tunisian|/gafs'a||'Gafsa'|||
|Hejazi|/gamar||'moon'|||
|Najdi||||||
|Sa'idi||||||
|Yemeni|/gaal||'(he) said'|||
|/gamal||'camel'||||
|Egyptian|/raagel||'man'|||
|Armenian|Eastern|/ganç||'treasure'||
|Assyrian|ܓܢܐ||'self'|||
|Azerbaijani|||'black'|||
|Basque|||'lose'|||
|Bengali|গান/gan||'song'|||
|Bulgarian|**г**ора/gora||'forest'|||
|Catalan|||'glove'|||
|Chinese|Southern Min|我/ góa||'I'||
|Wu|狂/ woã||'crazy'|||
|Xiang|共/ wong||'together'|||
|Chechen|/govr||'horse'|||
|Czech|||'gram'|||
|Dutch|All dialects|||'tissue'||
|Standard||||||
|Many speakers|**_g**oal_||'goal'|||
|Amelands|**_g**oëd_||'good'|||
|English|||'gaggle'|||
|Esperanto|||'tasty'|||
|Filipino|||'commotion'|||
|French|||'earnings'|||
|Georgian|/guli||'heart'|||
|German|||'lie'|||
|Greek|/||'donkey's bray'|||
|Gujarati|/gāvu||'to sing'|||
|Hebrew|/gav||'back'|||
|Hindustani|/||'song'|||
|Hungarian|||'permission'|||
|Irish|||'sand'|||
|Italian|||'competitions'|||
|Japanese|/||'overcoat'|||
|Kabardian|Baslaney|/ k'anė||'shirt'||
|Kagayanen|||'spirit'|||
|Khmer|/||'gas'|||
|Korean|/||'catfish'|||
|Lithuanian|**g**arai||'steam'|||
|Macedonian|/grom||'thunder'|||
|Malay|||'sack'|||
|Marathi|||'grass'|||
|Nepali|||'village'|||
|Norwegian|||'gold'|||
|Odia|ଗଛ/gacha||'tree'|||
|Persian|گوشت/gušt||'meat'|||
|Polish|||'plebs'|||
|Portuguese|||'tongue'|||
|Punjabi|ਗਾਂ/gaa||'cow'|||
|Romanian|||'thought'|||
|Russian|/golova||'head'|||
|Serbo-Croatian|/||'guest'|||
|Slovak|||'lymph'|||
|Somali|||'to shorten'|||
|Spanish|||'cat'|||
|Swahili|||'darkness'|||
|Swedish|||'tasty'|||
|Turkish|||'epidemic'|||
|Ukrainian|/g̀anok||'porch'|||
|colspan="2"|Welsh|**g**wyn|[ɡwɪn] or [ɡwɨ̞n]|'white'||
|West Frisian|||'buckle' (n.)|||
|Yi|/||'hear'|||
|Zapotec|Tilquiapan|**_g**an_||'will be able'||

## Infobox (ipa)

- **ipa-number**: 110
- **decimal**: 609
- **xsampa**: g
- **kirshenbaum**: g
Linguolabial consonant

**Linguolabials** or **apicolabials** are consonants articulated by putting the tip of the tongue against the top-side of the lip. The lip then goes to the tongue.

Linguolabial consonants are not seen very often in languages, but they are not very hard to make with your mouth, unlike click consonants or ejectives. Some languages that do have lots of linguolabial consonants are Vanuatu, Bijago, in Umotína and as paralinguistic sounds. They can be sometimes seen in disordered speech.

They can be typed as  to the alveolar consonant or labial consonant that fits it.

## List of consonants

|colspan="2" rowspan="2"|IPA <small>(two transcriptions)</small>|rowspan="2"|Description|colspan="4"|Example|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|linguolabial nasal|Araki|_m̈ana_||"laugh"||
|voiceless linguolabial plosive|Tangoa|_p̈ep̈e_||"butterfly"||
|voiced linguolabial plosive|Kajoko dialect of Bijago|||"stone"||
|voiceless linguolabial fricative|Big Nambas|||"he is asthmatic"||
|voiced linguolabial fricative|Tangoa|_v̈atu_||"stone"||
|linguolabial trill (uses lower lip)|Coatlán Zapotec|||mimesis for a child's flatulence (blowing a raspberry)||
|linguolabial click release (multiple consonants)|Coatlán Zapotec|||mimesis for eating soup or a pig drinking water||

## Related pages

- Place of articulation

## Infobox (ipa)

- **above**: Linguolabial
- **ipa symbol**: ◌̼
Voiceless glottal fricative

The **voiceless glottal fricative** is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is <samp>⟨h⟩</samp>. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by the "h" in _hear_ and _have_.

## Examples

|Language|Word|IPA|Meaning|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Adyghe|Shapsug|/khyg'||'now'||
|Albanian|||'the graces'|||
|Arabic|Modern Standard|/haa'il||'enormous'||
|Assyrian|Eastern|ܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ **h**èmanūta||'faith'||
|Western|ܗܪܟܗ **h**arcë||'here'|||
|Armenian|Eastern|/hayeren||'Armenian'||
|rowspan="2"|Asturian|South-central dialects|**_ḥ**uerza_||'force'|
|Oriental dialects|**_ḥ**acer_|[haˈθeɾ]|"to do"|||
|Avar|||'oath'|||
|colspan="2"|Azeri|**h**in||'chicken coop'||
|Basque|North-Eastern dialects|||'three'||
|Bengali|/haoua||'wind'|||
|Berber|||'shoe'|||
|colspan="2"|Cantabrian|_mu**ḥ**er_|[muˈheɾ]|'woman'||
|Catalan|||'ha!'|||
|Chechen|/||'this'|||
|Chinese|Cantonese|/||'sea'||
|Taiwanese Mandarin|/|||||
|Danish|||'house'|||
|English|**h**igh||'high'|||
|Esperanto|||'home'|||
|Eastern Lombard|Val Camonica|||'Brescia'||
|Estonian|||'tooth'|||
|Faroese|||'she'|||
|Finnish|||'tooth'|||
|French|Belgian|||'pannier'||
|Galician|Occidental, central, and some oriental dialects|**g**ato|[ˈhätʊ]|'cat'||
|Georgian|/hava||'climate'|||
|German|||'hatred'|||
|Greek|Cypriot|/mahazi||'shop'||
|Hawaiian|||'shelf'|||
|Hebrew|/har||'mountain'|||
|Hindi|Standard|/ham||'we'||
|Hmong|||'to honor'|||
|Hungarian|||'right'|||
|Irish|**_sh**roich_||'reached'|||
|Italian|Tuscan|||'the captains'||
|Japanese|/||'bare skin'|||
|Javanese|ꦩꦲ/Maha||The expert, Almighty one|||
|Kabardian|/ tkhyl"khė||'books'|||
|Khmer|/ /  ||||'spicy' 'old'|||
|Korean|/||'day'|||
|Lakota|||'voice'|||
|Lao|/haa||'five'|||
|Leonese|||'boy'|||
|Lezgian|/g'ek||'glue'|||
|Limburgish|Some dialects|||'glove'||
|Luxembourgish|||'here'|||
|Malay|||'day'|||
|Mutsun|||'dog'|||
|Navajo|||'mister'|||
|Norwegian|||'hat'|||
|Pashto|/ho||'yes'|||
|Persian|/haft||'seven'|||
|Pirahã|||'he'|||
|Portuguese|Many Brazilian dialects|||'sledgehammer'||
|Most dialects|||'Honda'|||
|Minas Gerais (mountain dialect)|||'art'|||
|Colloquial Brazilian|__||'drizzle'|||
|Romanian|||'bridle'|||
|Scottish Gaelic|||'topsail'|||
|Serbo-Croatian|Croatian|||'hops'||
|Spanish|Andalusian and Extremaduran Spanish|||'fig'||
|Many dialects|||'bishop'|||
|Some dialects|||'pony'|||
|Swedish|||'hat'|||
|Sylheti|/hamukh||'snail'|||
|Thai|/haa||'five'|||
|Turkish|||'carpet'|||
|Ubykh|дуаха|[dwaha]|'prayer'|||
|Ukrainian|||'claws'|||
|Urdu|Standard|/ham||'we'||
|Vietnamese|||'understand'|||
|Welsh|||'sun'|||
|West Frisian|||'corner'|||
|Yi|/||'hundred'|||

## Infobox (ipa)

- **ipa-number**: 146
- **decimal**: 104
- **xsampa**: h
- **kirshenbaum**: h
Voiceless bilabial nasal

The **voiceless bilabial nasal** is a type of consonant. It is a rare sound. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is <samp>⟨m_0⟩</samp>.  The English language potentially has the sound, as in stop **m**e.

## Features

Features of the voiceless bilabial nasal:

## Examples

|Language|Word|IPA|Meaning|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Burmese|/hma:||'notice'|
|Central Alaskan Yup'ik|||'to the servant'|
|Estonian|||'cow'|
|French|||'prism'|
|Hmong|||'Hmong'|
|Icelandic|||'hemp'|
|Jalapa Mazatec|**_hm**a_||'black'|
|Kildin Sami|/ljeehmhmk||'strap'|
|Muscogee|||'bell'|
|Ukrainian|/ritm||'rhythm'|
|Washo|||'he's hiding'|
|Welsh|||'my head'|
|Xumi|Lower||'medicine'|
|Upper||||
|Yi Language|||'Cuckoo Tree'|

## Infobox (ipa)

- **ipa symbol**: m̥
- **x-sampa**: m_0
Close vowel

A **close vowel**, also called a **high vowel**, is a type of vowel. It is used in many spoken languages. When you say a close vowel, your tongue is very close to the top of your mouth. It isn't touching the top, however, because if it were to touch the top of your mouth, it would be called a consonant.

"Close"  is recommended by the International Phonetic Association. In America, however, they are called high vowels.

## List of close vowels

In the International Phonetic Alphabet are six closed vowels:

- close front unrounded vowel
- close front compressed vowel
- close central unrounded vowel
- close central protruded vowel
- close back unrounded vowel
- close back protruded vowel

There also are three close vowels that don't have symbols in the IPA:

- close front protruded vowel
- close central compressed vowel
- close back compressed vowel
Palm Towers

**Palm Twin-Tower Complex** is two skyscraper in Doha, Qatar.  It is 245 meters (803 feet) tall and has 58 floors. It was built in 2011. It is 827th tallest building in the World.

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the world

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - Palm Towers
- SkycraperPage.com – Palm Towers
- Skyscrapercenter.com - Palm Towers

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Palm Towers
- **location**: Doha
Qatar
- **floor count**: 58
- **construction start date**: 2006
- **completion date**: 2011
- **antenna spire**: 245 m (803 ft)
Edward Harrison Taylor

**Edward Harrison Taylor** (April 23, 1889 – June 16, 1978) was an American herpetologist from Missouri.

## Further Reading

- Webb RG (1978). "Edward Harrison Taylor 1989-1978". _Herpetologica_ **34** (4): 422–425.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Edward Harrison Taylor
- **influences**: Clarence Erwin McClung, Clarence E. McClung
- **author abbrev zoo**: E. H. Taylor
- **alma mater**: University of Kansas
- **workplaces**: University of Kansas
- **fields**: Biology, herpetology
- **citizenship**: American
- **birth place**: Maysville, Missouri
San Pedro, Los Angeles

**San Pedro**  (;) is a neighborhood in the American city of Los Angeles, California. The port of Los Angeles is in San Pedro.

Formerly it was a separate city. It became a part of Los Angeles in 1909.

## Other websites

- Map of Los Angeles neighborhoods

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: San Pedro
- **population as of**: 2022
- **population total**: 83,556
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, PST
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes 90731, 90732
- **area code**: Area codes 310 and 424, 310/424
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1661392
- **elevation ft**: 112
- **settlement type**: Neighborhoods of Los Angeles, Neighborhood of Los Angeles
- **pushpin map**: United States Los Angeles Southern
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: View of San Pedro and Port of Los Angeles
- **image map**: Map of San Pedro, California.jpg
- **map caption**: Boundaries of San Pedro as drawn by the _Los Angeles Times_
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Southern Los Angeles
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name2**: Los Angeles County, California, Los Angeles
- **elevation m**: 34
Johann Joseph Fux

**Johann Joseph Fux** (; c. 1660 – 13 February 1741) was an Austrian composer, music theorist and pedagogue. He is remembered as the writer of _Gradus ad Parnassum_, a book about counterpoint.

## Life

Fux was born in Hirtenfeld, Austria. His birthday is not known. His parents were peasants. He probably went to the nearby city of Graz to study music. In 1680 he was accepted to the Ferdinandeum, a Jesuit college. He ran away from the Ferdinandeum before he graduated. He ran away to Ingolstadt. In 1683, he entered the Jesuit University in Ingolstadt. He was the organist at St. Moritz in Ingolstadt from 1685 to 1688.

Fux married in 1696. At this time he was the organist of the Schottenkirche in Vienna. He became the court composer for Emperor Leopold I in 1698. He composed church and chamber music. In 1700 he was sent to Rome to study composition. He might have been influenced by the music of Palestrina while studying in Rome.

Fux became the _Hofkapellmeister_ in 1715. He was in charge of the music for the Holy Roman Emperor. He worked for Leopold I, Joseph I, and Charles VI. Fux served as _Hofkapellmeister_ for the rest of his life. He had to write masses for churches. He also wrote operas and oratorios for special events.

Fux taught music. His students include Jan Dismas Zelenka, Gottlieb Muffat, and Georg Christoph Wagenseil. He published _Gradus ad Parnassum_ in 1725. The name means "Steps to Parnassus" in English.

Fux died in Vienna on February 13, 1741.

## _Gradus ad Parnassum_

Fux's book about counterpoint, _Gradus ad Parnassum_, is his most important work. The book was written in Latin. It was translated to German by Lorenz Christoph Mizler in 1742. The book teaches the reader how to write correct counterpoint. Many composers learned counterpoint from the book, including Mozart and Haydn. Johann Sebastian Bach owned a copy of the book.