juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Consommé

In cooking, a **consommé** is a type of clear soup made from richly flavoured stock or bouillon.  "Double" consommé is clarified  often through a fining process involving egg protein. It usually requires an advanced knowledge of cooking and past experience to create a high quality consommé. Consommé has maintained its place as one of the most highly regarded and appreciated soups in the world.
gelatin desserts.
Generation gap

The term **generation gap** refers to the fact that a younger generation and their parents are thinking differently. The term was made popular in the 1960s.
Shawinigan

**Shawinigan** is a city on the Saint-Maurice River in Quebec, Canada. In 2021, 49,620 people lived there.

Michel Angers was elected as mayor in the 2009 municipal election.

The name of the city has also been spelled different over periods of time: Chaouinigane, Oshaouinigane, Assaouinigane, Achawénégan, Chawinigame, Shawenigane, Chaouénigane and could either mean "portage", "portage of beeches", "angular portage" or "summit" or "crest".

## Famous residents

- Jean Chrétien, 20th Prime Minister of Canada
- Jacques Plante, Former ice hockey goaltender

## Other websites

- City of Shawinigan - Official city website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Shawinigan
- **settlement type**: List of towns in Quebec, City
- **image skyline**: Shawinigan depuis la tour d’observation Hydro-Québec, 2011.jpg
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Saint-Maurice River and the city
- **flag size**: 125px
- **image shield**: Armoiries de la ville de Shawinigan.png
- **nickname**: The City of Electricity
- **motto**: _Age Quod Agis_ (Do what you are doing)
- **pushpin map**: Canada Central Quebec#Quebec
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Central Quebec##Location in Quebec
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Quebec
- **subdivision type2**: Region (Quebec), Region
- **subdivision name2**: Mauricie
- **subdivision type3**: Regional county municipality, RCM
- **subdivision name3**: None
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1851
- **established title1**: Constituted
- **established date1**: January 1, 2002
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Michel Angers
- **leader title1**: List of Canadian federal electoral districts, Federal riding
- **leader name1**: Saint-Maurice—Champlain
- **leader title2**: List of Quebec provincial electoral districts, Prov. riding
- **leader name2**: Laviolette (electoral district), Laviolette and Saint-Maurice (provincial electoral district), Saint-Maurice
- **area total km2**: 798.80
- **area land km2**: 729.98
- **area urban km2**: 31.77
- **population total**: 49,620
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: 68
- **population density urban km2**: 1225.4
- **population blank1 title**: Pop <small>2016-2021</small>
- **population blank1**: 0.5%
- **population blank2 title**: Dwellings
- **population blank2**: 27,444
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: Canadian postal code, Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: List of G postal codes of Canada, G9N to G9R
- **area code**: Area code 819, 819
- **blank name**: Highways

- **blank info**:
Caroline Rhea

**Caroline Gilchrist Rhea** is a Canadian actress and stand-up comedian. She was the original host for the NBC reality show _The Biggest Loser_ until Alison Sweeney took her place. Rhea also starred as Hilda Spellman for the situation comedy _Sabrina, the Teenage Witch_ and replaced Rosie O'Donnell as the hostess for her syndicated talk show (which was renamed the _Caroline Rhea Show_). She was born April 13, 1964 in Montreal, Quebec.
Nova

A **nova** (plural _novae_ or _novas_) is a huge nuclear explosion on a white dwarf star. It causes a sudden brightening of the star.

Novae are not to be confused with other brightening phenomena such as supernovae. Novae occur on the surface of a white dwarf in a binary system. If the two stars of the system are close enough, material is pulled from the companion star's surface onto the white dwarf. This collection of hydrogen onto the surface of the star starts a runaway fusion reaction.

In spite of their violence, the amount of material ejected in novae is usually only about 1⁄10,000 of a solar mass, quite small relative to the mass of the white dwarf. Only five percent of the accreted mass is fused during the power outburst.  This is enough energy to make nova ejecta to go outward as fast as several thousand kilometers per second—higher for some novae than others.  The star also brightens, from a few times solar to 50,000–100,000 times solar.  In 2010 scientists using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope were surprised to discover, for the first time, that a nova can also emit gamma-rays (>100 MeV).

A white dwarf can potentially generate multiple novae over time as additional hydrogen continues to accrete onto its surface from its companion star. An example is RS Ophiuchi, which is known to have flared six times (in 1898, 1933, 1958, 1967, 1985, and 2006). Eventually, the white dwarf could explode as a type Ia supernova if it approaches the Chandrasekhar limit.

Occasionally a nova is bright enough and close enough to be seen by the unaided eye. The brightest recent example was Nova Cygni 1975. This nova appeared on 29 August 1975, in the constellation Cygnus about five degrees north of Deneb and reached magnitude 2.0 (nearly as bright as Deneb). The most recent were V1280 Scorpii, which reached magnitude 3.7 on 17 February 2007, and Nova Delphini 2013. Nova Centauri 2013 was discovered 2 December 2013 and is so far the brightest nova of this millennium reaching magnitude 3.3.

Astronomers estimate that the Milky Way experiences roughly 30 to 60 novae per year, with a likely rate of about 40.  The number of novae discovered in the Milky Way each year is much lower, about 10. Roughly 25 novae brighter than about magnitude 20 are discovered in the Andromeda Galaxy each year and smaller numbers are seen in other nearby galaxies.
It Was a Good Day

"**It Was a Good Day**" is a 1993 single by American rapper Ice Cube. It was released from the album _The Predator_. "It Was a Good Day" peaked at number seven on the _Billboard_ Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and number fifteen on the _Billboard_ Hot 100. The song also peaked at number twenty-seven on the UK Singles Chart.

## Track listing

**UK single**
1. "It Was a Good Day" (radio edit)
1. "It Was a Good Day" (instrumental)

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: It Was a Good Day
- **artist**: Ice Cube
- **album**: The Predator
- **released**: February 23, 1993
- **recorded**: 1992
- **genre**: West Coast hip hop
- **length**: 4:20
- **label**: Priority Records, Priority
- **writer**: Jackson, O.
- **producer**: DJ Pooh
- **prev title**: Wicked (song), Wicked
- **prev year**: 1992
- **next title**: Check Yo Self
- **next year**: 1993
Scarp (landform)

**Scarp** is a term in geology and geography with several similar meanings.

- A **scarp** is a cliff or steep slope. The word is derived from the Italian _scarpa_, meaning 'shoe'.
    - The surface of the steep slope is called a _scarp face_.
- A **fault scarp** is a steep cliff made by movement along one side of a fault.
- An **escarpment** is a steep slope or long cliff that occurs from faulting and resulting erosion. It separates two relatively level areas of different height.
    - A **cuesta** is an asymmetric ridge with an escarpment on one side and a gentle dip slope on the other side.

## Formation

Scarps are generally formed by one or both:
1. differential erosion of sedimentary rocks, or by
1. vertical movement of the Earth's crust along a geologic fault.
Most commonly, an escarpment is a transition from one series of sedimentary rocks to another series of a different age and composition.

Escarpments are also frequently formed by faults. When a fault displaces the ground surface so that one side is higher than the other, a fault scarp is created. This brings a piece of high ground next to an area of lower ground.

More loosely, the term scarp describes the zone between coastal lowlands and continental plateaus. A marked, abrupt change in height is caused by coastal erosion at the base of the plateau.
Georg von Békésy

**Georg von Békésy** (3 June 1899 – 13 June 1972) was an Hungarian biophysicist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1961 for his findings on the function of the cochlea in the mammalian inner ear. He was born in Budapest, Hungary and died in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States.
Frostbite

**Frostbite** is the localized medical condition where freezing cold temperatures damage skin and other tissue. It is most likely to happen in body parts farthest from the heart and in body parts with large exposed areas with many blood circulations. It most often occurs in toes. It may be seen along with Hypothermia.

Also, if the affected parts are not amputated, the person is likely to suffer from a disease called **gangrene**.

## Infobox (disease)

- **name**: Frostbite
- **image**: Frostbitten hands.jpg
- **caption**: Frostbitten hands
- **diseasesdb**: 31167
- **icd10**: -
- **icd9**: -
- **medlineplus**: 000057
- **emedicinesubj**: emerg
- **emedicinetopic**: 209
- **meshid**: D00562
Gustave Eiffel

**Alexandre Gustave Eiffel** (December 15, 1832 – December 27, 1923; , ) was a French structural engineer and architect. He is known for designing the Eiffel Tower. He also designed the armature (supporting framework) for the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, United States.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Gustave Eiffel 1888 Nadar2.jpg
- **name**: Alexandre Gustave Eiffel
- **nationality**: French
- **birth place**: Dijon, Côte-d'Or, France
- **death place**: Rue Rabelais, Paris, France
Bullshit

**Bullshit** (also **selmo**, **bullplop**,  **bullbutter**, **bovine stool**, simply **B.S.**) is a common English language expletive. It can be used also as an interjection or as many other parts of speech.  Usually, it is a noun, verb or interjection that describes a lie.  It shows that someone is trying to deceive, e.g. "Stop bullshitting me" ("Don't try to deceive me.   I know what you are saying is a lie.").
Black-eyed pea

The **black-eyed pea**, also called **black-eyed bean**, a subspecies of the cowpea, is a medium-sized edible bean. Humans first grew the pea probably in West Africa, but it is now grown all over the world.

In Nigeria, and the Caribbean, a traditional dish called _akara_ is made of mashed black-eyed peas and salt, onions and peppers are added.
Circuit of the Americas

The **Circuit of the Americas** is a motor racing circuit in Austin, Texas. Hermann Tilke designed the circuit in the middle of 2010. Construction was started in early 2011. It is planned to open in 2012. The circuit will run counter-clockwise.

The circuit will host the  United States Grand Prix. Starting in 2013, it will host MotoGP races for 10 years. It will also host a round of V8 Supercars, an Australia-based touring car racing series, starting in 2013.
2012 Formula One World Championship

The **2012 Formula One season** was the 63rd season of the Formula One World Championship. The season had 20 races, starting in Australia on 18 March and ended in Brazil on 25 November. The 2012 season saw the return of the United States Grand Prix, which was held at the Circuit of the Americas, in Austin, Texas. After being cancelled in 2011 due to civil protests, the Bahrain Grand Prix also returned to the calendar.
Great horned owl

The **Great horned owl** (_Bubo virginianus_) is the largest owl in North America. It is sometimes called the **hoot owl**.

This widespread bird of prey lives in mountains, grasslands, conifer forests, deserts, chapparals, and many other habitats in North and South America. Its call is a far-carrying hoot.

## Description

This owl is 18 to 25 inches (46-64 cm) long and has a wing span of 52 to 55 inches (1.3-1.4 m); its weight averages about 3 pounds (1.5 kg).

The feathers of the horned owl are gray to brown to buff to black. There is a patch of white feathers on the brown chest (called a "gular"). The eyes are yellow with round black pupils.

## Diet

The great horned owl hunts and eats mammals (like rabbits, woodchucks, mice, rats, and squirrels), birds (ducks, quail, and geese), and fish.

The owl is at the top of the food web; it has no major predators. It sometimes eats its prey whole and later regurgitates the bones, fur, and feathers in pellets.
Daniel Bedingfield

**Daniel Bedingfield** (born 3 December 1979) is a New Zealand-born British singer-songwriter. He was raised in South London. His song _Gotta Get Thru This_ became #1 in United Kingdom's Top 40 in December 2001. His album, also titled _Gotta Get Thru This_ went to number 2 on the UK albums chart.  His sisters are singers Natasha Bedingfield and Nikola Rachelle. Bedingfield was a judge on the first season of The X Factor NZ in 2013.

In 2004, Bedingfield won a BRIT Award for _Best British Male Artist_.

Bedingfield is a Christian.

## Discography

- 2002: _Gotta Get thru This_
- 2004: _Second First Impression_
- 2012: _Stop the Traffik – Secret Fear_

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Daniel Bedingfield
- **image**: Daniel Bedingfield (54137573611) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Bedingfield, 2024
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Daniel John Bedingfield
- **birth place**: New Zealand
- **origin**: London, United Kingdom
- **instrument**: Vocals, keyboards,
guitar, programming
- **genre**: Contemporary R&B, R&B, Pop music, pop, dance-pop, pop rock, Electronic music, electronic, Electronic dance music, dance, UK garage
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 2001–2004,
2007–present
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor (UK)
Island Records, Island (US)
- **associated acts**: Natasha Bedingfield
- **website**: [http://www.danielbedingfield.com/ Official site]
Belén Esteban

**Belén Esteban Menéndez** is a Spanish television personality.  She presents the television show _Sálvame_ with Jorge Javier Vazquez.
Holy Week

**Holy Week** (Latin: _Hebdomas Sancta_ or _Hebdomas Maior_, "Greater Week"; Greek: _Μεγάλη Ἑβδομάς_, _Megale Hebdomas_) is the commemoration of the last week of Jesus Christ's ministry on earth.  Holy Week is the last week of Lent.  It begins with Palm Sunday and leads up to Easter Sunday.

## Other websites

- Calculate Easter Dates as well as other main variable Feasts during and after Passover
- The Days of Holy Week  at The Christian Resource Institute
- Holy Week and Easter  Fast Facts from AOL Research & Learn
- Holy Week from the Catholic Encyclopedia
Amanda Seyfried

**Amanda Michelle Seyfried** (born December 3, 1985) is an American actress, singer-songwriter and former child model. At 11, she became a child model, and at 15 she became a television actress. She is known for her roles in _Mamma Mia!_ and _Mean Girls_.

## Major film and television roles

She starred in _As the World Turns_ and _All My Children_. In 2004, Seyfried started her movie career, acting in _Mean Girls_.

She also appeared in a number of other movies: _Nine Lives_ (2005), _Alpha Dog_ (2006), _Mamma Mia!_ (2008), _Jennifer's Body_, _Chloe_, _Dear John_, _Veronica Mars_ and _Letters to Juliet_.

In 2006, she had a lead role on HBO's television series _Big Love_.

## Awards and nominations

|Year|Work|Award|Category|Result|Ref||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="6"||rowspan="9"|_The Dropout_|Dorian Television Awards|Best TV Performance||style="text-align: center;"||
|Gold Derby Television Awards|Best Limited/Movie Actress||style="text-align:center"||||||
|Hollywood Television Critics Association|Best Actress in a Streaming Limited or Anthology Series or Movie||style="text-align:center;"||||||
|Online Film and Television Association|Best Actress in a Motion Picture or Limited Series||style="text-align:center;"||||||
|Primetime Emmy Awards|Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie||style="text-align:center;"||||||
|Television Critics Association|Individual Achievement in Drama||align="center"||||||
|rowspan="3"||Critics' Choice Television Awards|Best Actress in a Limited Series or Movie Made for Television||style="text-align:center;"||||
|Golden Globe Awards|Best Actress in a Miniseries or Television Film||style="text-align:center;"||||||
|Screen Actors Guild Awards|Outstanding Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie||style="text-align:center;"||||||
Mario Casas

**Mario Casas Sierra** (born 12 July, 1986, A Coruña) is a Spanish actor. He has starred in _Los hombres de Paco_ (2007–2010), _Fuga de cerebros_ (2009), and _Tres metros sobre el cielo_ (2010)

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Mario Casas.jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **birthname**: Mario Casas Sierra
- **birth place**: A Coruña, Galicia, España
- **occupation**: Actor
- **height**: 180 cm
- **partner**: Blanca Suárez
Sinodelphys

***Sinodelphys***  is an extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous. It is a member of the infraclass Metatheria, the group which contains modern marsupials.

To date, it is the oldest metatherian fossil known, estimated to be 125 million years old. This makes it almost contemporary to the earliest placental fossils, which have been found in the same area.

It was discovered and described in 2003 in rocks of the Yixian Formation in Liaoning Province, China, by a team of scientists.

_Sinodelphys szalayi_ grew only 15 cm (5.9 in) long and possibly weighed about 30 g (1.05 oz).

Its fossilized skeleton is surrounded by impressions of fur and soft tissue. Rapid burial followed volcanic events, and the fine sediment preserved details.

From its foot structure it is thought that _Sinodelphys_ was a tree-dweller, like its non-marsupial contemporary _Eomaia_ and modern opossums such as _Didelphis_. _Sinodelphys_ probably hunted worms and insects.

Most Mesozoic metatherians have been found in North America and Asia. Most lived during the Upper Cretaceous between 90-65 million years ago.

## Related pages

- _Juramaia_
- _Eomaia_
The Art of Getting By

***The Art of Getting By*** is a 2011 American romantic drama movie that was produced by Darren Goldberg, Gia Walsh, Kara Baker and P. Jennifer Dana and was directed by Gavin Wiesen. _Homework_ (its original name) was first shown at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2011, and was released in theaters in North America on June 17, 2011. The movie premiered under the title _Homework_ at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and was released as _The Art of Getting By_.

## Cast

- Freddie Highmore as George
- Emma Roberts as Sally
- Alicia Silverstone as Ms. Herman
- Rita Wilson as George's mother
- Blair Underwood
- Elizabeth Reaser
- Sam Robards as George's stepfather
- Michael Angarano as Dustin

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Art of Getting By (Homework)
- **director**: Gavin Wiesen
- **producer**: Darren Goldberg
Gia Walsh
Kara Baker
P. Jennifer Dana
- **writer**: Gavin Wiesen
- **starring**: Freddie Highmore
Emma Roberts
Alicia Silverstone
Elizabeth Reaser
Blair Underwood
Rita Wilson
- **distributor**: Fox Searchlight Pictures
- **released**: January 23, 2011, at the Sundance Film Festival
June 17, 2011
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Peppermint

The **Peppermint** is a hybrid plant of the mint family. It is originally from Europe, but grown and sold all over the world. It is a hybrid of watermint and spearmint. Carolus Linnaeus first described the plant in 1753, from samples that had been collected in England. He treated it as a species,  but modern biology mostly treats it as a hybrid.

The peppermint is found in some medications, in particular Skumin’s mixture.
Emotional intelligence

**Emotional intelligence (EI)** is the ability to know, understand, and manage emotions. People with high EI know their own emotions and the emotions of other people, and they are able to use emotions to think and live better. This thought model claims that high EI helps people to be successful in life. There are several different models that disagree about the exact definition of the term. Even though there does not seem to be an exact definition, the model itself can be applied in various ways, across different domains.

Nowadays, there are 3 main models of EI:
- Ability Based EI Models
    1. **Knowing emotions** – the ability to know emotions in faces, pictures, voices, etc. including the ability to know one's own emotions.
    1. **Using emotions** – the ability to use emotions to improve thinking and problem-solving.
    1. **Understanding emotions** – the ability to understand different emotions, the relationships among emotions, and how and why emotions change.
    1. **Managing emotions** – the ability to manage emotions in ourselves and in others. Therefore, a person with high EI can use emotions, even negative ones, to achieve goals.
- Mixed Models of EI
    1. **Self-awareness** – the ability to know what one is feeling and thinking.
    1. **Self-regulation** – the ability to control and manage feelings in a healthy way.
    1. **Social skills** – skills that help us relate to others so that we can have good relationships with them.
    1. **Empathy** – the ability to share or understand the feelings of another person, especially to help make good decisions.
    1. **Motivation** – knowing what makes us want and desire to do something, like reach our goals.
- Trait EI Models

EI is often measured as an Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EQ).
Bulletproof (La Roux song)

"**Bulletproof**" is a 2009 song by the English electropop duo La Roux off their self-titled album. It was released in the United Kingdom in June 2009 and was highly received by the critics. This song debuted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart. It was a sleeper hit in the United States, peaking at number eight.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Bulletproof
- **artist**: La Roux
- **album**: La Roux (album), La Roux
- **recorded**: Elfin Studios
<small>(Teddington, London)</small>
- **genre**: Synthpop, bitpop
- **length**: 3:25
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor
- **writer**: Elly Jackson, Ben Langmaid
- **producer**: Elly Jackson, Ben Langmaid
- **prev title**: In for the Kill (song), In for the Kill
- **prev year**: 2009
- **next title**: I'm Not Your Toy
- **next year**: 2009
Sweetbread

**Sweetbreads** or **ris** are culinary names for the thymus or the pancreas glands especially of the calf (_ris de veau_) and lamb (_ris d'agneau_) (although beef and pork sweetbreads are also eaten).

Various other glands used as food have also been called 'sweetbreads', including the parotid gland, the sublingual glands, and testicles (_cf._ Rocky Mountain oyster). The "heart" sweetbreads are more spherical in shape, and surrounded symmetrically by the "throat" sweetbreads, which are more cylindrical in shape.

One common preparation of sweetbreads involves soaking in salt water, then poaching in milk, after which the outer membrane is removed.  Once dried and chilled, they are often breaded and fried.  They are also used for stuffing or in pâtés. They are grilled in many Latin American cuisines, such as in the Argentine asado, and served in bread in Turkish cuisine.

The word "sweetbread" is first known in the 16th century, but the logic behind the name is unclear. "Sweet" is perhaps used since the thymus is sweet and rich tasting, as opposed to savoury tasting muscle flesh. "Bread" may come from _brede_ 'roasted meat'.
Culinary name

**Culinary name** is the name of an ingredient when used in the kitchen for preparing food. Sometimes the kitchen name is used because it sounds more attractive than the real name, or because a cheaper ingredient can be linked with a more expensive one. The culinary name may also refer to a way of cooking or to a region, or using a particular ingredient

## Examples

- Sweetbreads, used because it sounds nicer than thymus or pancreas.
- Lumpfish caviar, used to give lumpfish eggs the sound of the more expensive sturgeon caviar.
- Cassia bark is a cheaper substitute, but is called cinnamon in North America.
- Florentine, meaning from the region of Florence, means the dish will include spinach.
Ken Salazar

**Kenneth Lee Salazar** (born March 2, 1955) is an American politician. He was the United States Ambassador to Mexico from September 14, 2021 until January 7, 2025 during the Joe Biden administration.

Salazar was a member of the United States Senate from Colorado from 2005 until being appointed as the United States Secretary of the Interior in 2008 by President Barack Obama. Salazar officially became secretary in 2009. He resigned as secretary in 2013. Salazar is a Democrat.

Before being elected to the U.S. Senate, Salazar was the Colorado Attorney General from 1999 until 2005.

In May 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Salazar as the Ambassador to Mexico. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 11, 2021.

Salazar was born in Alamosa, Colorado. He studied at Colorado College and at the University of Michigan.
Jean Casimir-Perier

**Jean Paul Pierre Casimir-Perier** (; 8 November 1847 – 11 March 1907) was a French politician, fifth president of the French Third Republic.

He was born in Paris, the son of Auguste Casimir-Perier and the grandson of Casimir Pierre Perier, premier of Louis Philippe. He entered public life as secretary to his father, who was minister of the interior under the presidency of Thiers.

On 17 August 1883, he became under-secretary of state for war, a post he retained until 7 January 1885. From 1890 to 1892 he was vice-president of the chamber, then in 1893 president. On 3 December he became prime-minister and foreign minister, but heresigned in May 1894, and was re-elected president of the chamber.

On 24 June 1894, after the assassination of President Carnot, he was elected president of the republic by 451 votes against 195 for Henri Brisson and 97 for Charles Dupuy. He was president for only six months. The day after Dupuy resigned, on 14 January 1895, Casimir-Perier resigned, saying he was ignored by the ministers, who did not consult him before taking decisions, and did not keep him informed upon political events, especially in foreign affairs.

From that time he completely abandoned politics, and devoted himself to business - especially mining. At the trial of Alfred Dreyfus at Rennes, Casimir-Perier's evidence, as opposed to that of General Mercier, was of great value to the cause of Dreyfus.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Jean Casimir-Perier
- **image**: Jean Casimir-Perier.jpg
- **birth date**: 8 November 1847
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **office2**: 6th President of the French Republic
Co-Prince of Andorra
- **term start2**: 27 June 1894
- **term end2**: 16 January 1895
- **predecessor2**: Marie François Sadi Carnot, Sadi Carnot
- **successor2**: Félix Faure
- **office**: 61st Prime Minister of France, Prime Minister of the French Republic
- **term start**: 3 December 1893
- **term end**: 30 May 1894
- **predecessor**: Charles Dupuy
- **successor**: Charles Dupuy
- **party**: _None_
- **occupation**: Businessman
- **spouse**: Hélène Casimir-Perier
Hilda Solis

**Hilda Solis** (born October 20, 1957) is an American politician and current member of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for District 1. She previously served as the United States Secretary of Labor from 2009 to 2013, and as a member of the United States House of Representatives from California's 32nd congressional district from 2003 to 2009. Prior to being a U.S. Representative, she was a California State Senator and a member of the California State Assembly. She was the first Hispanic woman to serve in the California State Senate. Solis is a Democrat. She was elected to the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors for District 1 on June 3, 2014. She was sworn in on December 1, 2014.
Louis de Béchamel

**Louis de Béchamel**, marquis de Nointel (1630–1703) was a French _financier_ and patron of the arts.

## Life

Son of Jean-Baptiste Béchamel, Louis was a rich tax farmer and superintendent to the house of the Philippe II, Duke of Orléans. In 1697, Béchamel bought the _marquisat_ of Nointel and later became Louis XIV's head steward.

Béchamel and his wife, Marie Colbert (d. April 3, 1686) had two children, Marie Louise Béchamel de Nointel (1661 – April 2, 1740) and Louis Béchamel de Nointel (1649 – December 31, 1718).

## Béchamel sauce

The white sauce called béchamel sauce (Fr. _sauce béchamel_) acquired its name from him for he perfected an older sauce made from cream originally made by François Pierre de la Varenne (1615–1678), the cook of the marquis d'Uxelles. The sauce was dedicated to Béchamel to flatter him, at which the Duke of Escars commented:
Kathleen Sebelius

**Kathleen Sebelius** (born May 15, 1948) is an American politician. She was the  United States Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2009 to 2014. Before becoming the Secretary of Health and Human Services, Sebelius was a governor from Kansas. _Time Magazine_ listed Sebelius as one of America's five best governors in 2005. Sebelius is a Democrat. She resigned on April 10, 2014.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kathleen Sebelius
- **image**: Kathleen Sebelius official portrait.jpgborder
- **office**: 21st United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
- **president**: Barack Obama
- **deputy**: Bill Corr
- **term start**: April 28, 2009
- **term end**: June 9, 2014
- **predecessor**: Mike Leavitt
- **successor**: Sylvia Mathews Burwell
- **order1**: 44th Governor of Kansas
- **lieutenant1**: John E. Moore, John Moore
Mark Parkinson (Kansas politician), Mark Parkinson
- **term start1**: January 13, 2003
- **term end1**: April 28, 2009
- **predecessor1**: Bill Graves
- **successor1**: Mark Parkinson (Kansas politician), Mark Parkinson
- **office2**: 23rd Kansas Insurance Commissioner, Insurance Commissioner of Kansas
- **governor2**: Bill Graves
- **term start2**: January 9, 1995
- **term end2**: January 13, 2003
- **predecessor2**: Ronald L. Todd, Ronald Todd
- **successor2**: Sandy Praeger
- **birthname**: Kathleen Gilligan
- **birth place**: Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: K. Gary Sebelius, Gary Sebelius
- **alma mater**: Trinity Washington University
University of Kansas, University of Kansas, Lawrence
Ambrosia (band)

**Ambrosia** are a pop rock music group. It formed in the Los Angeles area around 1970. They had many radio hits in the 1970s, although much of the material is progressive in nature. The founding members of Ambrosia grew up in southern California.

## Albums

- Ambrosia (1975)
- Somewhere I've Never Travelled (1976)
- Life Beyond L.A. (1978)
- One Eighty (1980)
- Road Island (1982)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ambrosia
- **img**: Ambrosia in concert on May 24, 2014.jpg
- **img capt**: Ambrosia in concert on May 24, 2014
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Los Angeles, California, United States, USA
- **genre**: Progressive rock, pop rock, soft rock
- **years active**: 1970–1982, 1989–present
- **label**: 20th Century Records, 20th Century, Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros., Collectables Records, Collectables
- **current members**: Joe Puerta
Christopher North (Ambrosia), Christopher North
Burleigh Drummond
Doug Jackson
Rick Cowling
- **past members**: David Pack
David C. Lewis
Royce Jones
Bruce Hornsby
Shem Von Schroeck
Tollak Ollestad
Robert Berry
Ken Stacey
Miguel Olivo

**Miguel Olivo** (born July 15, 1978) is a Major League Baseball player from Villa Vasquez, Dominican Republic. Olivo plays as a catcher for the Seattle Mariners. In 1996, Olivo was signed as a free agent by the Oakland Athletics. In December, 2000, he was traded to the Chicago White Sox for Chad Bradford. Olivo made his Major League Baseball debut on September 15, 2002, for the Chicago White Sox. On December 9, 2010, Olivo signed a two year, seven million dollar deal with the Seattle Mariners.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Miguel Olivo
- **image**: DSC05374 Miguel Olivo.jpg
- **width**: 200
- **position**: Catcher
- **number**: 30
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Villa Vasquez, Dominican Republic
- **debutdate**: September 15
- **debutyear**: 2002
- **debutteam**: Chicago White Sox
- **statyear**: 2010 season
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .246
- **stat2label**: Home runs
- **stat2value**: 110
- **stat3label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat3value**: 388
- **teams**: * Chicago White Sox 2002– 2004
* Seattle Mariners 2004– 2005
* San Diego Padres 2005
* Florida Marlins 2006– 2007
* Kansas City Royals 2008– 2009
* Colorado Rockies 2010
* Seattle Mariners (2011-2012)
Vulnerability index

The **vulnerability index** is a tool for finding out who among the street homeless population needs health care and housing the most. It is being used in more and more cities in the USA. Volunteeers conduct a survey of people living in homeless shelters, warming centers and people who do not have any housing at all.

The  vulnerability index is from the work of Dr. Jim O'Connell of Boston's Healthcare for the Homeless. He was concerned about the causes of death of unsheltered homeless individuals living on the street. A national drive is underway by Common Ground to  work with the HUD homeless count. Since communities are doing the count, he believes that is a good time to do the vulnerability index too. Its' people say that using it will help getting needy individuals off the street.

The vulnerability index has been tried out in a lot of other places not just the East Coast. These include Charlotte, North Carolina, Albuquerque, New Mexico and Santa Monica, California.
Breaking Ground

**Breaking Ground**, formerly called **Common Ground** is a nonprofit social services organization. It provides housing for the homeless and others. Their philosophy holds that housing costs less than homeless shelters. It also costs many times less than jail cells or hospital rooms, They also believe that people with psychiatric and other problems can better manage them once they have a place to live. It was started in 1990 by Rosanne Haggerty. Since then the organization has created more than 2,000 units of housing for the homeless. "This is about creating a small town, rather than just a building," according to Haggerty. "It’s about a real mixed society, working with many different people."

Haggerty’s work was recognized in 2001. She was selected as a prize winner and received and award called a MacArthur Fellowship award. The MacArthur Foundation praised her work in saving historic buildings, and fixing them up. She used creative financing which means new ways to deal with banks and other organizations that provide money for housing.

## Street To Home

Among Common Ground's activities is documentation of the homeless population. In other words, to study them and write down what is going on so that people can figure out a plan of action. Sometimes this is done while counting the homeless. These counts are sometimes called "enumeration" because they put a number on how many homeless there are.

In these counts, there is a way of writing down who is most vulnerable, who is most in danger from being homeless. This is called a vulnerability index. Workers complete the vulnerability index by asking about medical problems. Then they try to persuade those who spend the most time on the streets to seek permanent housing. They do this even if the people still have drug, alcohol or medical problems. Some of those involved in the issue of homelessness consider Common Ground a pioneer - someone who thinks up new ways to deal with old problems.

However, the count is not an end to itself, but a first step.  According to Becky Kanis, the Director of Common Ground’s "Innovations Department",

> The important part is what we do with this information. We want to move from crisis management to lasting solutions. Other cities have done that successfully. We plan to do the same. ... At the real end of the day the only thing that’s going to matter is the people who have been ... unwilling to accept the offers of shelter... Can we reach them and make a positive difference in their lives?... "
> Some people have asked if what works in New York will work in other places.
> Kanis states: "We don’t know exactly what’s going to work here in New York, but we know what’s worked in other cities. Therefore, we’re going to spend our efforts doing those things, and as we find smarter and better ways to do things we will adopt them.

## Other websites

- Common Ground Relief
- Prince George Ballroom
- Common Ground Adelaide
- CRISIS UK
- Unity of greater New Orleans
- Toronto's Homes First Society
Chinese mountain cat

The **Chinese Mountain cat** (_Felis bieti_), also known as the **Chinese Desert cat**, is a small wild cat of western China. It is a little-known member of the genus _Felis_, the common cats.

Some authorities regard the _chutchta_ and _vellerosa_ subspecies of the Wildcat as Chinese Mountain cat subspecies.
Mason Ryan

**Barri Griffiths** (born January 13, 1982) is a Welsh stunt performer and former professional wrestler. He works for Cirque du Soleil. Griffiths is best known for his time as a professional wrestler where he wrestled for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) under the ring name **Mason Ryan**.

During his time in the WWE, Ryan was known for his time in the Nexus stable. He would wrestle in the WWE from 2009 until 2014. In 2009, he signed with World Wrestling Entertainment and began working in their developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) under the ring name Mason Ryan.

In FCW, Ryan was a one-time FCW Florida Heavyweight Champion. On 30 April 2014, Griffiths was released by the WWE.

On 2 January 2016, Griffiths would announce that he began working for Cirque du Soleil under the character of an archer in their Kà show.

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Mason Ryan
- **image**: Mason Ryan.jpg
- **caption**: Griffiths at a WWE house show on November 11, 2011
- **birth place**: Tremadog, Wales
- **billed**: Cardiff, Wales
- **names**: Barri Griffiths
Gladiator Goliath
Mason Ryan
Mason Williams
Smackdown Warrior
- **trainer**: Orig Williams
Florida Championship Wrestling
- **debut**: 2007
- **retired**: 2015
Expansion pack

An **expansion pack** is an addition (extra part) of a video game. Expansion packs can add characters, worlds, weapons, or scenarios. They can be for all types of video games.

Most expansion packs need the main version of the game to play, although there are a few exceptions which can be purchased stand-alone, such as _The Ultimate Doom_.

Expansion packs are usually cheaper than the main game, or may even be free.

The term "Expansion Pack" was also used by Nintendo for a hardware add-on that plugged into the Nintendo 64 and was required for some games. It increased the RAM from 4 MB to 8 MB.

## Related pages

- Sequel
- Series
Florence Henderson

**Florence Agnes Henderson** (February 14, 1934 – November 24, 2016) was an American actress and singer. She starred as Carol Brady in _The Brady Bunch_ between 1969 and 1974. She was hosting her own talk show, _The Florence Henderson Show_, on television.

Henderson died suddenly of heart failure at a hospital in Los Angeles, California on November 24, 2016, aged 82.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Florence Henderson 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Henderson at a book promotion event in Sydney, July 2012
- **birthname**: Florence Agnes Henderson
- **birth place**: Dale, Indiana, Dale, Indiana, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress/Singer
- **yearsactive**: 1952–2016
- **spouse**: Ira Bernstein (1956-1985) (divorced)
John Kappas (1987-2002) (his death)
- **website**: http://www.flohome.com/
The Subtle Knife

***The Subtle Knife*** is the second book of the _His Dark Materials_ trilogy  written by Philip Pullman and first published in 1997.
In the first world that Lyra enters, Lyra meets a boy of 12 years named Will Parry who comes from Oxford of the reader's universe and is escaping from the authorities. Defending his sick mother he has accidentally killed a man.They travel through a silent world to resolve many mysteries. They begin to realize that there is something special about that world.
Minerva McGonagall

**Minerva McGonagall** is a fictional character in the _Harry Potter_ books written by J. K. Rowling. This character is a teacher at the school Hogwarts, and a good character in the series. She helps Harry Potter, the main character, many times in the series. She teaches "transfiguration", a type of magic where you change objects or animals into other objects and animals. At the end of the books, McGonagall becomes the school principal. Her honorary title is Hogwarts Headmistress.

When McGonagall was young she went to Hogwarts. She was in Gryffindor, a house for brave and bold students. When she got older she decided to train herself to be an "animagus", a wizard who can change themselves into an animal without a wand. She can change into a cat. Later, she became a member of the Order Of the Phoenix, an organization trained to fight evil wizards. In a quidditch match, she was hurt by a Slytherin player.

McGonagall is played by Maggie Smith in the movies.

## Infobox (character)

- **series**: Harry Potter
- **name**: Minerva McGonagall
- **image**: Cosplay Minerva McGonagall.jpg
- **caption**: Cosplay of Minerva McGonagall
- **first**: _Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone_
- **last**: _Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows_
- **creator**: J. K. Rowling
- **portrayer**: Maggie Smith
Knots Landing

***Knots Landing*** was an American soap opera. It began December 27, 1979 and ended May 13, 1993. It was a spin-off of _Dallas_. The show aired on CBS throughout its run. It was set around a fictional coastal suburb of Los Angeles and focuses on four married couples living in a cul-de-sac. By the time of the show's end, it had become one of the longest running primetime drama shows on television in the US.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Knots Landing opening.jpg
- **caption**: Knots Landing Logo (Seasons 9–10)
- **runtime**: 47 to 50 Minutes
- **creator**: David Jacobs (writer), David Jacobs
- **starring**: Teri Austin
 Alec Baldwin
 Tonya Crowe
 William Devane
Kevin Dobson
Stacy Galina
 Julie Harris
Lisa Hartman
James Houghton
Kim Lankford
Michele Lee
Claudia Lonow
 Constance McCashin
 Donna Mills
 Don Murray (actor), Don Murray
 Kathleen Noone
 Patrick Petersen
 Michelle Phillips
John Pleshette
 Larry Riley (actor), Larry Riley
 Ted Shackelford
 Douglas Sheehan
 Nicollette Sheridan
Joan Van Ark
- **country**: United States
- **company**: Roundelay(-MF) Productions
Lorimar Productions (seasons 1-7)
Lorimar-Telepictures (seasons 8 and 9)
Lorimar Television (seasons 10-14)
- **network**: CBS Network, CBS
- **num seasons**: 14
- **num episodes**: 344
- **list episodes**: List of Knots Landing episodes
- **related**: _Dallas (1978 TV series), Dallas_
Okra

**Okra** (_Abelmoschus esculentus_) are known in many English-speaking countries as **lady's fingers** or **gumbo**) is a flowering plant in the mallow family, related to cotton and hibiscus. Okro is native to West Africa. The word (Okro) came from the Igbo Language (South Eastern Nigeria) where okra vegetable is known as "Okro" or “Okworo”.  The name adulteration began as the British colonialists came to Southern Nigeria and discovered its great health benefits. The problem was they could not pronounce the Igbo word “Okworo”, so they called it “Okro/Okra” and later, helped export and popularise the vegetable in Europe and in many warm regions across the globe. It is valued for its edible green seed pods which has many health benefits. It is grown for the pods, which are harvested in the immature stage and used in salads, soups and dishes.  It is a national vegetable in many West African countries like Nigeria and Ghana, and in Asian countries like India and Pakistan. Some of the ways it is eaten are fried, grilled, or in soup.
Ruthless People

***Ruthless People*** is a 1986 American black comedy crime movie which stars Danny DeVito, Helen Slater, Bette Midler and Judge Reinhold. Also starring in the movie is Bill Pullman in his movie debut. David Zucker, Jerry Zucker and Jim Abrahams are the directors of this movie. It was distributed via Touchstone Pictures.
Alexandertorte

**Alexandertorte**, also known as **Alexander Torte** or **Aleksander Torte**, is a dessert of pastry strips filled with raspberry preserves.

Its origin is not really known.  Although Alexander I employed Carême, this dessert is not claimed by Carême. It was possibly first made in Finland, by Swiss pastry chefs in Helsinki in 1818, when Alexander was due to visit.  It is also said to be a Latvian dish.

## Related pages

- List of foods named after people
Adolphe Dugléré

**Adolphe Dugléré** (born Bordeaux, June 3, 1805 - died Paris April 4, 1884) was a French chef and a pupil of Carême.

## Les Frères Provençaux

Dugléré was a _chef de cuisine_ to the  Rothschild family until 1848, and was manager at the restaurant _Les Frères Provençaux_ at the Palais-Royal from 1848 to 1866 which was owned by three men from Provence named Barthélémy, Maneille and Simonas (who were, in reality, not brothers).

## Café Anglais

In 1866 he became the head chef of the   which was the most famous Paris restaurant of the 19th century and where he is believed to have created the dish _Pommes Anna_.

## Dinner of the Three Emperors

It was at the Café Anglais in 1867 that Dugléré served a famous meal that became known as the *** Dîner des trois empereurs***, () for Tsar Alexander II of Russia, his son the tsarevitch (who later became Tsar Alexander III) and King William I of Prussia, as well as  Prince Otto von Bismarck who were in Paris for _L'Exposition Universelle_. The table service used for this meal is on display to this day at the oldest existing restaurant in Paris, _La Tour d'Argent_ which is owned by the descendants of Claudius Burdel, the last owner of Café Anglais which was demolished in 1913.

The evening of 7 June 1867 is reputed to have been the most magnificent ever to have occurred in any restaurant in the world. The three emperors and Prince Bismarck had requested of Dugléré a meal that would live in their memories and the _maître de cave_, Claudius Burdel, was instructed to accompany the dishes with the greatest wines in the world.

## Dishes

The most famous dish attributed to Dugléré is almost certainly _Pommes Anna_. Other dishes created by Dugléré include _Potage Germiny_, a sorrel soup created for the Count of Germiny, governor of the Bank of France, _Poularde Albufera_, dedicated to Maréchal Suchet, Duke of Albufera, _Soufflé à l'anglaise_, _Sole Dugléré_ and _Culotte de bœuf Salomon_, (dedicated to Salomon de Rothschild)  and _Barbue à la Dugléré_ (brill in tomato and parsley sauce).

He is also credited with inventing _Tournedos Rossini_, but this dish has also been credited to both Escoffier as well as Carême (although not the title itself).  It was composer Gioachino Rossini who dubbed Dugléré _Le Mozart de la cuisine_ (The Mozart of the Kitchen).  It was a title he used on the menu for the Dinner of the Three Emperors.

## Infobox (chef)

- **name**: Adolphe Dugléré
- **birth place**: Bordeaux
- **death place**: Paris
- **style**: French
- **education**: Marie-Antoine Carême, Carême
- **restaurants**: Café Anglais (Paris), Café Anglais
- **prevrests**: Les Frères Provençaux