juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ross Ardern

**David Ross Ardern** (born 28 February 1954) is a New Zealand diplomat and former policeofficer. He is currently the Administrator of Tokelau. He was the High Commissioner of New Zealand to Niue from 2014 to 2018, and as Niue's police commissioner from 2005 to 2009.

Ardern is the father of the Prime Minister, Jacinda Ardern.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Ross Ardern
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Ardern in 2014
- **office**: Administrator of Tokelau
- **term start**: May 2018
- **1blankname**: Head of Government of Tokelau, Ulu-o-Tokelau
- **1namedata**: Afega Gaualofa
Kerisiano Kalolo
- **predecessor**: Jonathan Kings
- **office2**: High Commissioner of New Zealand to Niue
- **primeminister2**: John Key
Bill English
Jacinda Ardern
- **term start2**: February 2014
- **term end2**: 2018
- **predecessor2**: Mark Blumsky
- **successor2**: Kirk Yates
- **birth name**: David Ross Ardern
- **birth place**: Te Aroha, New Zealand
- **spouse**: Laurell
- **children**: 2, including Jacinda Ardern
- **alma mater**: Royal NZ Police College
Premier House

**Premier House** () is the official residence of the Prime Minister of New Zealand, located at 260 Tinakori Road, Thorndon, Wellington, New Zealand.

A private house bought for the prime minister's official residence when government moved its base to Wellington in 1865.

It was leased to private individuals for six years in the late 1890s then returned to use as an official residence for the prime minister until the Great Depression when a new government in 1935 wished to avoid "show". It was renovated and recommissioned as Premier House in 1990.

## Other websites

- Prime Minister's Residence at Heritage New Zealand
- Information about Premier House at Te Ara
- History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage, _Housing the Prime Minister_
University of Waikato

The **University of Waikato** (), informally **Waikato University**, is a university in Hamilton, New Zealand. The university was created in 1964. It has another campus in Tauranga.
Morrinsville

**Morrinsville** is a provincial town in the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island, with a population of 7,000 in the 2013 Census The town is located at the northern base of the Pakaroa Range, and on the south-western fringe of the Hauraki Plains.  Morrinsville is around 33 kilometres east of Hamilton.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **zoom**: 9


## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Morrinsville
- **image skyline**: Big Cow at Morrinsville.jpg
- **image caption**: Big Cow
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: New Zealand
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of New Zealand, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Waikato
- **subdivision type2**: Territorial authorities of New Zealand, Territorial authority
- **subdivision name2**: Matamata-Piako District
- **subdivision type3**: Ward (country subdivision), Ward
- **subdivision name3**: Morrinsville
- **seat type**: New Zealand electorates, Electorate
- **seat**: Waikato (New Zealand electorate), Waikato
- **leader title**: Territorial Authority
- **leader name**: Matamata-Piako District Council
- **leader title1**: Regional council
- **leader name1**: Waikato Regional Council
- **area total km2**: 7.78
- **population density km2**: auto
- **postal code type**: Postcode
- **timezone**: Time in New Zealand, NZST
- **utc offset**: +12
- **timezone dst**: NZDT
- **utc offset dst**: +13
- **postal code**: 3300
- **area code**: 07
Murupara

**Murupara** is a town located in the Whakatāne District and Bay of Plenty Region of New Zealand's North Island. The town is located in an isolated part of the region between the Kaingaroa Forest and Te Urewera protected area, on the banks of the Rangitaiki River, 65 kilometres southeast of Rotorua.
Cabinet Office

The **Cabinet Office** (CO) of the United Kingdom supports the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, and ensures the effective running of government. The Cabinet Office is also the corporate headquarters for government, in partnership with HM Treasury, and takes the lead in certain critical policy areas.

## Ministers

||Minister||Portfolio|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Prime Minister/Civil Service Minister|*Head of the UK government and ultimately responsible for the policy and decisions of the government *Oversees the operation of the Civil Service and government agencies *Appoints members of the government *Is the principal government figure in the House of Commons *Responsible for regulating the Civil Service *Delegates power to other ministers|||
|Deputy Prime Minister|Deputy head of the UK government *Supports the Prime Minister on the full range of government policy and initiatives *Implementing the government's strategy to increase social mobility *Overseeing the government's drive to rebalance the economy *Leading the government's political and constitutional reform agenda *Chairing the Home Affairs Committee, co-chairing the Coalition Committee and deputy-chairing the National Security Council *Building strategic relationships in Europe and across the world|||
|Minister for the Cabinet Office|*Overall responsibility for the policy and work of the Cabinet Office *Public sector efficiency and reform *Civil Service issues *Industrial relations strategy in the public sector *Government transparency *Civil contingencies *Civil society *Cyber security *UK statistics|||
|Minister for Civil Society|*Public sector efficiency and reform, including transparency and fraud, error and debt *Volunteering, the Big Society agenda and charities *Social investment and enterprises *Reforming public bodies|||
|Minister for Government Policy|*Developing government policies with the Cabinet Office, as set out in the ‘programme for government’ *Implementing the departmental business plans|||
|Minister for Political & Constitutional Reform|*Cyber security *Civil contingencies *Working with the Minister for the Cabinet Office on public sector efficiency and reform|||

The **Cabinet Office** is a department of the Government of the United Kingdom works for supporting the prime minister and Cabinet of the United Kingdom. It is made of many units that support Cabinet committees. Staff working in the Prime Minister's Office are part of the Cabinet Office.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **logo width**: 180px
- **headquarters**: 70 Whitehall
- **minister1 name**: Minister for the Cabinet Office
- **website**: www.gov.uk/government/organisations/cabinet
International Union of Socialist Youth

The **International Union of Socialist Youth** (**IUSY**) is an international organization which was founded in 1907. Their activities include publications, support of member organizations and the organization of meetings. It was formed as the youth wing of the Second International.
2017 Mount Albert by-election

The **2017 Mount Albert by-election** was a New Zealand by-election held in the Mount Albert electorate on 25 February 2017 during the 51st New Zealand Parliament.

The seat was vacated after the resignation of David Shearer, a former Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party.

No all right and centre-right parties ran, and turnout was low. The electorate was won by Labour Party list MP Jacinda Ardern by a large margin. Another Labour member, Raymond Huo, filled Ardern's list seat.

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2017 Mount Albert by-election
- **country**: New Zealand
- **flag year**: 2017
- **type**: By-election
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: 2014 New Zealand general election
- **previous year**: 2014
- **next election**: 2017 New Zealand general election
- **next year**: 2017
- **seats for election**: The  electorate seat in the New Zealand House of Representatives, House of Representatives
- **election date**: 25 February 2017
- **turnout**: 13,649 (30.0%)
- **candidate1**: **Jacinda Ardern**
- **party1**: New Zealand Labour Party
- **popular vote1**: **10,495**
- **percentage1**: **76.89**
- **candidate2**: Julie Anne Genter
- **party2**: Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand
- **popular vote2**: 1,564
- **percentage2**: 11.45
- **map image**: Mount Albert electorate, 2014.svg
- **map caption**: Mount Albert electorate boundaries used for the by-election
- **title**: MP
- **before election**: David Shearer
- **after election**: Jacinda Ardern
- **before party**: New Zealand Labour Party
- **after party**: New Zealand Labour Party
Julie Anne Genter

**Julie Anne Genter**  (; born 17 December 1979) is an American-born New Zealand politician. She is a member of the House of Representatives representing the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. She was the Minister for Women, Associate Minister for Health and Associate Minister for Transport during the first term of Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern.

She holds dual citizenship of New Zealand and the United States.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Julie Anne Genter
- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **image**: Julie Anne Genter, 2017 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Genter in 2017
- **order1**: 15th Ministry for Women#Ministers for Women, Minister for Women
- **term start1**: 26 October 2017
- **term end1**: 6 November 2020
- **primeminister1**: Jacinda Ardern
- **predecessor1**: Paula Bennett
- **successor1**: Jan Tinetti
- **constituency mp2**: Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, Green party list
- **parliament**: New Zealand
- **birth place**: Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- **party**: Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, Green
- **partner**: Peter Nunns
- **children**: 1
- **website**: [https://www.greens.org.nz/julie_anne_genter Green Party profile]
New Zealand First

**New Zealand First** (), commonly abbreviated to **NZ First**, is a nationalist and socially conservative political party in New Zealand. The party formed in July 1993 following the resignation on 19 March 1993 of its leader and founder, Winston Peters.

It has formed coalition governments with both major political parties in New Zealand: first with the National Party from 1996 to 1998 and then with the Labour Party from 2005 to 2008 and from 2017 to 2020, and then again with the National Party from 2023 to 2026.
Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand

The **Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand** (), commonly known as the **Greens**, is a green and left-wing political party in New Zealand. They support ecological wisdom, social justice, grassroots democracy, and nonviolence. The party's ideology are environmentalism with left-wing and social-democratic economic policies.

## Other websites

- Official website
New Zealand property bubble

The **property bubble in New Zealand** is a major national economic and social issue. Since the early 1990s, house prices in New Zealand have risen faster than incomes. It has put pressure on public housing providers as fewer households have access to housing on the private market. The property bubble has caused large impacts on inequality in New Zealand, which now has one of the highest homelessness rate in the OECD and a record-high waiting list for public housing.
Child poverty

**Child poverty** is when children are living in poverty and are children from poor families or orphans being raised with limited state resources. In developing countries, these standards are low and, when combined with the increased number of orphans, the effects are more extreme.

## In highly-developed states

UNICEF made a study: According to this study, child poverty increased in 17 of the 24 OECD countries, between 1995 and 2005. In the other seven countries it decreased. Six of the seven countries where it decreased had a high level of child poverty. The only exception to this is Norway, where child poverty has been decresing for a long time.

The biggest increase was in Poland (+4.3%), Luxembourg (+4.1%) and the Czech Republic (also +4.1%). The biggest decrease was in England (-3.1%), the United States (-2.8%) and Norway (-1.8%).

In these states, a child is defined as _poor_ if the family income is less than a cetain percentage of the median income of a family for that county.

## Absolute and relative poverty

Absolute poverty is the most severe form of povery. People in that category don't have enough money to conver the basic human needs, such as safe drinking water, sanitation, health, and shelter.

## Problems

Children affected by poverty face a number of problems:

- They often can't get an education
- Health is expensive, they also suffer from teenage pregnancies

## Statistics

An estimated 385 million children live in extreme poverty. According to the UNICEF:
- 663 million children, that is one in three children, live in poverty
- Children from the poorest households die at twice the rate of their better-off peers
- Children are more than twice as likely to live in poverty than adults
- 385 million children live in extreme poverty, forced to survive on less than $1.90 a day
Social inequality

**Social inequality** happens when resources in a society are given out unevenly. This can be because of gender, sexuality, race, income, legal status, social status and education level. Social inequality usually talks about the lack of equality of outcome and the lack of equality of access to opportunity. The social rights include labor market, the source of income, health care, and freedom of speech, education, political representation, and participation.

## Related pages

- Economic inequality
- Globalization
TUDN (TV network)

**TUDN** (formerly Univision Deportes) is a sports programming division of Univision, a Spanish-language broadcast television network owned by Univision Communications.

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: TUDN
- **logo**:
- **image**:
- **picture format**: 1080i HDTV
- **network**: Univision
- **owner**: Univision Communications
- **country**: United States
- **headquarters**: Doral, Florida, Doral, Florida
- **former names**: Univision Deportes Network (2012-2019)
- **founded**: March 12, 2011
- **language**: Spanish
Public relations

**Public relations** (**PR**) is the practice of deliberately managing the release and spread of information between an individual or an organization and the public in order to affect the public views.
Harry Duynhoven

**Harry James Duynhoven**  (born 1955) is a New Zealand politician and member of the New Zealand Labour Party. He was the mayor of the city of New Plymouth from 2010 until 2013. He was a Member of Parliament for the New Plymouth electorate from 1987–1990, from 1993–2003, and again from 2003–2008.

Duynhoven was elected as Mayor of New Plymouth in October 2010.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Harry Duynhoven
- **image**: Harry Duynhoven.jpg
- **office**: Mayor of New Plymouth
- **term start**: 2010
- **term end**: 2013
- **predecessor**: Peter Tennent
- **successor**: Andrew Judd
- **office1**: Councillor of the New Plymouth District
- **term start1**: 11 March 2015
- **predecessor1**: John McLeod and Len Howners
- **constituency mp2**: New Plymouth (New Zealand electorate), New Plymouth
- **parliament2**: New Zealand
- **term start2**: 1987 New Zealand general election, 1987
- **term end2**: 1990 New Zealand general election, 1990
- **majority2**: 5,439 (16.5%)
- **predecessor2**: Tony Friedlander
- **successor2**: John Armstrong (New Zealand politician), John Armstrong
- **term start3**: 1993 New Zealand general election, 1993
- **term end3**: 2008 New Zealand general election, 2008
- **predecessor3**: John Armstrong (New Zealand politician), John Armstrong
- **successor3**: Jonathan Young (politician), Jonathan Young
- **birth date**: 22 June 1955
- **birth place**: New Plymouth, New Zealand
- **nationality**:

- **party**: New Zealand Labour Party, Labour
- **profession**: Electrician
New Zealand Young Labour

**Young Labour** () is the youth wing and student wing of the New Zealand Labour Party. It hosts an annual conference and many national events, includingsessions at the Labour Party's annual conference. All Labour Party members aged 15 to 30 years old are members of Young Labour.
Waikato (New Zealand electorate)

**Waikato** is an electorate in the New Zealand Parliament. A Waikato electorate was first created in 1871 and an electorate by this name has existed from 1871 to 1963, 1969 to 1996, and 2008 to the present, though exact borders have often changed.

## Infobox (nz electorate)

- **name**: Waikato
- **type**: g
- **map**: Waikato electorate, 2014.svg
- **map place**: the North Island
- **created**: 1871
1969
2008
- **abolished**: 1963
1996
- **mp**: Tim van de Molen
- **party**: New Zealand National Party, National
- **list**: James McDowall (ACT New Zealand, ACT)
- **region**: Waikato Region, Waikato
- **namesake**: Waikato Region, Waikato
TVNZ

**Television New Zealand** (), more commonly known as **TVNZ**, is a free-to-air public broadcasting television network that is broadcast throughout New Zealand and parts of the Pacific region.

TVNZ was created in February 1980. About 90% of TVNZ's revenue is from commercial activity (such as advertising and merchandising).

TVNZ 6 Relaunched On 7 November 2025.

## Programing

- Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000)
- Gleam Gamblers (2014)
Breakfast (New Zealand TV programme)

***Breakfast*** (also referred to as ***1 News Breakfast***) is a New Zealand morning news and talk show showing weekday mornings on TVNZ 1, produced by 1 News. The first episode came out on 11 August 1997. It was the first of its genre in New Zealand. It has a mixture of breaking news, news, sports, weather and other featured items. Originally a two-hour programme, it was expanded to three hours in 2012.
Auckland Central (New Zealand electorate)

**Auckland Central** is a New Zealand electoral division returning one member to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The electorate is represented by Chlöe Swarbrick, a member of the Green Party; she has represented the seat since 2020.

## Infobox (nz electorate)

- **name**: Auckland Central
- **map**: Auckland Central electorate, 2014.svg
- **map place**: Auckland
- **type**: g
- **mp**: Chlöe Swarbrick
- **party**: Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, Greens
- **list**: Helen White (politician), Helen White (New Zealand Labour Party, Labour)
- **region**: Auckland Region, Auckland
- **namesake**: Auckland central business district, CBD
Nikki Kaye

**Nicola Laura Kaye** (11 February 1980 – 23 November 2024) was a New Zealand politician. She was Deputy Leader of the New Zealand National Party and Deputy Leader of the Opposition from 22 May 2020 to 14 July 2020.

Kaye was the member of the New Zealand Parliament from 2008 until 2020.

Kaye had breast cancer, however completed treatment in 2016. She died of breast cancer on 23 November 2024. She was 44 years old.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Nikki Kaye
- **image**: Nikki Kaye (blue background).jpg
- **caption**: Kaye in 2017
- **order1**: Deputy Leader of the Opposition
- **term start1**: 22 May 2020
- **term end1**: 14 July 2020
- **leader1**: Todd Muller
- **predecessor1**: Paula Bennett
- **successor1**: Gerry Brownlee
- **order2**: Deputy Leader of the New Zealand National Party, National Party
- **term start2**: May 2020 New Zealand National Party leadership election, 22 May 2020
- **term end2**: 14 July 2020
- **leader2**: Todd Muller
- **predecessor2**: Paula Bennett
- **successor2**: Gerry Brownlee
- **order3**: 46th Minister of Education (New Zealand), Minister of Education
- **term start3**: 2 May 2017
- **term end3**: 26 October 2017
- **primeminister3**: Bill English
- **predecessor3**: Hekia Parata
- **successor3**: Chris Hipkins
- **order4**: 13th Minister for Youth (New Zealand), Minister for Youth
- **term start4**: 31 January 2013
- **term end4**: 26 October 2017
- **primeminister4**: John Key
Bill English
- **predecessor4**: Paula Bennett
- **successor4**: Peeni Henare
- **order5**: 11th Accident Compensation Corporation#List of ministers, Minister for ACC
- **term start5**: 6 October 2014
- **term end5**: 20 December 2016
- **primeminister5**: John Key
Bill English
- **predecessor5**: Judith Collins
- **successor5**: Michael Woodhouse
- **order6**: 22nd Minister of Civil Defence (New Zealand), Minister of Civil Defence
- **term start6**: 22 January 2013
- **term end6**: 20 December 2016
- **primeminister6**: John Key
Bill English
- **predecessor6**: Chris Tremain
- **successor6**: Gerry Brownlee
- **parliament7**: New Zealand
- **term start7**: 8 November 2008
- **term end7**: 6 September 2020
- **majority7**: 1,497 (4.38%)
- **predecessor7**: Judith Tizard
- **successor7**: Chlöe Swarbrick
- **birth place**: Auckland, New Zealand
- **party**: New Zealand National Party, National Party
- **alma mater**: University of Otago
Victoria University of Wellington
Denise Roche

**Denise Maree Roche** (born 9 July 1963) is a New Zealand politician. She was a member of the Waiheke Local Board and the New Zealand House of Representatives, where she represented the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand from 2011 to 2017.

Roche was born in 1963 in Helensville.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Denise Roche
- **image**: Denise Roche.jpg
- **caption**: Denise Roche in 2007
- **constituency mp**: Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, Green party list
- **parliament**: New Zealand
- **term end**: 23 September 2017
- **party**: Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, Green
Sandinista National Liberation Front

The **Sandinista National Liberation Front**, **Sandinistas**, or **Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN)** is a political party in Nicaragua. It was founded by Augusto César Sandino.

## History

Silvio Mayorga, Tomás Borge, and Carlos Fonseca started the party in 1961.

In 1979, Nicaraguan Revolution the Sandinista Party overthrew Anastasiio Somoza Debayle's dynasty. The Sandinistas then ruled from 1979 to 1990, and the FSLN took over as the country's sole power-sharing government in March 1981. Despite implementing a policy of mass education and promoting gender equality, the government came under international scrutiny for human rights abuses and the oppression of indigenous people.
The FSLN is Nicaragua's sole political party. It currently holds the country's only seat in congress. It often polls in opposition against the PLC. In 2006, Daniel Ortega was reelected as the country's president with many more votes than the other person who ran.
Leima Linthoingambi

**Leima Linthoingambi** was the queen of king Ningthoukhomba (1432-1567) of Manipur kingdom. During the Ankla invasion, the king had to proceed at the war field. At the King's absence in the capital city Kangla, the Tangkhul tribes raided the city. But in disguise as the king, the queen resisted their revolution by offering strong wine at the king's absence. With her wits, the kingdom was saved. This account is recorded in the Ningthourol Lambuba.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Leima Linthoingambi
- **title**: Queen of Manipur kingdom (Kangleipak)
- **birth place**: Manipur, Manipur kingdom
- **spouse**: King Ningthoukhomba
- **house**: Ningthouja dynasty
- **religion**: Meitei religion (Sanamahism)
- **occupation**: Queen of Manipur, Manipur Kingdom
Maharani Kumudini

**Maharani Kumudini Devi** is the Queen of King Gambhir Singh and mother of King Chandrakirti of Manipur kingdom. After the death of her husband in an early age, she took full responsibility to protect her minor son, Prince Chandrakirti from the evil plots of palace intrigues. After her son ascended the throne of Manipur kingdom, she is best known for being the greatest royal lady holding utmost powers in the history.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Maharani Kumudini Devi
- **title**: Queen of Manipur kingdom
- **birth place**: Medieval Manipur, Medieval Manipur kingdom
- **spouse**: Gambhir Singh
- **house**: Ningthouja dynasty
- **religion**: Manipuri Vaishnavism
- **occupation**: Queen of Manipur Kingdom
2017 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election

The **2017 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election** was held on 1 August 2017 to choose the next Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party. The election was won by Deputy Leader and Mount Albert MP Jacinda Ardern.  She was the only candidate running.

Labour leader Andrew Little had led Labour since 2014 and, after many poor results, announced his plan to retire from the leadership. According to Ardern, Little had previously approached her on 26 July 2017 and stated he thought she should take over as party leader, as he was of the opinion he could not turn things around for Labour. Ardern said she had refused, telling him to "stick it out".

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2017 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election
- **type**: presidential
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: 2014 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election
- **previous year**: 2014
- **election date**: 1 August 2017
- **1blank**: Caucus
- **image1**:
- **candidate1**: Jacinda Ardern
- **popular vote1**: _Unopposed_
- **colour1**: DC241F
- **title**: Leader
- **before election**: Andrew Little (New Zealand politician), Andrew Little
- **after election**: Jacinda Ardern
Steven Joyce

**Steven Leonard Joyce** (born 7 April 1963) is a New Zealand former politician. He became a member of New Zealand House of Representatives in 2008 as a member of the New Zealand National Party.

As a broadcasting entrepreneur with RadioWorks, he was a millionaire before he entered politics.

On 6 March 2018, he announced his resignation from politics.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Steven Joyce
- **image**: Steven Joyce in Estonia, March 2016.jpg
- **caption**: Joyce in 2016
- **order**: 41st Minister of Finance (New Zealand), Minister of Finance
- **term start**: 20 December 2016
- **term end**: 20 October 2017
- **primeminister**: Bill English
- **predecessor**: Bill English
- **successor**: Grant Robertson
- **order1**: 2nd Minister of Infrastructure (New Zealand), Minister for Infrastructure
- **term start1**: 20 December 2016
- **term end1**: 26 October 2017
- **primeminister1**: Bill English
- **predecessor1**: _Position created_
- **successor1**: Shane Jones
- **order2**: 5th Minister of Economic Development (New Zealand), Minister for Economic Development
- **term start2**: 14 December 2011
- **term end2**: 20 December 2016
- **primeminister2**: John Key
Bill English
- **predecessor2**: Gerry Brownlee
- **successor2**: Simon Bridges
- **order3**: 24th Minister for Research, Science and Innovation, Minister for Science and Innovation
- **term start3**: 14 December 2011
- **term end3**: 20 December 2016
- **primeminister3**: John Key
Bill English
- **predecessor3**: Wayne Mapp
- **successor3**: Paul Goldsmith (politician), Paul Goldsmith
- **order4**: Minister for Tertiary Education, Skills and Employment
- **term start4**: 27 January 2010
- **term end4**: 20 December 2016
- **primeminister4**: John Key
Bill English
- **predecessor4**: Anne Tolley
- **successor4**: Paul Goldsmith (politician), Paul Goldsmith
- **order5**: 24th Ministry of Transport (New Zealand), Minister of Transport
- **term start5**: 19 November 2008
- **term end5**: 14 December 2011
- **primeminister5**: John Key
- **predecessor5**: Annette King
- **successor5**: Gerry Brownlee
- **order6**: Minister for Communications and Information Technology
- **term start6**: 19 November 2008
- **term end6**: 14 December 2011
- **primeminister6**: John Key
- **predecessor6**: David Cunliffe
- **successor6**: Amy Adams (politician), Amy Adams
- **constituency mp7**: New Zealand National Party, National party list
- **parliament7**: New Zealand
- **term start7**: 8 November 2008
- **term end7**: 2 April 2018
- **successor7**: Nicola Willis (politician), Nicola Willis
- **birth place**: New Plymouth, Taranaki, New Zealand
- **nationality**: New Zealand
- **spouse**: Suzanne Joyce
- **party**: New Zealand National Party, National Party
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: Massey University
- **occupation**: Broadcasting entrepreneur
University of Auckland

The **University of Auckland** is a public university based in Auckland, New Zealand. It is the largest and highest-ranked university in New Zealand. It places among the Top 100 universities in the world by QS World Rankings. The institution was created in 1883. Today, the University of Auckland is New Zealand's largest university by enrolment, hosting about 40,000 students on five Auckland campuses. There are eight faculties, including a law school, as well as three research institutes associated with the university.

The university has a reputation for excellence in research and teaching, which attracts students from all over the world. The University of Auckland offers over 150 undergraduate and postgraduate degree programs across eight faculties. These faculties include Arts, Business, Creative Arts and Industries, Education and Social Work, Engineering, Law, Medical and Health Sciences, and Science.

The university also has partnerships with leading international universities such as Stanford University, the University of Oxford, and the National University of Singapore (NUS), among others. Other notable new zealand universities that attract international students are Victoria University of Wellington and Massey University. However, when it comes to overall rankings based on academic excellence and research output alone, the University of Auckland is considered one of the top universities in New Zealand.

The Best Universities In New Zealand For International Students
Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)

The **Minister of Foreign Affairs** is a senior member of the New Zealand Government heading the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. They are responsible for relations with foreign countries.

The current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Winston Peters.

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **flag**: Flag of New Zealand.svg
- **flagcaption**: Flag of New Zealand
- **insignia**:
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of Arms of New Zealand
- **image**: Winston Peters, 2019.jpg
- **incumbent**: Winston Peters
- **incumbentsince**: 27 November 2023
- **department**: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (New Zealand), Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
- **style**: The Honourable
- **member of**: * Cabinet of New Zealand
* Executive Council of New Zealand, Executive Council
- **reports to**: Prime Minister of New Zealand
- **appointer**: Governor-General of New Zealand
- **termlength**: At His Majesty's pleasure
- **formation**: 24 November 1919
- **inaugural**: James Allen (New Zealand politician), James Allen
- **salary**: $288,900
- **website**: [https://www.beehive.govt.nz/portfolio/Foreign-Affairs www.beehive.govt.nz]
Nanaia Mahuta

**Nanaia Cybele Mahuta** (born 21 August 1970) is a New Zealand politician. She is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hauraki-Waikato. She became the Minister of Foreign Affairs in November 2020 and she served until November 2023. She is also the Minister of Local Government and was Minister for Māori Development from 2017 to 2020.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Nanaia Mahuta
- **image**: Hon Nanaia Mahuta.jpg
- **caption**: Mahuta in 2019
- **birth place**: Auckland, New Zealand
- **office1**: 28th Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **primeminister1**: Jacinda Ardern
- **term start1**: 6 November 2020
- **term end1**: 11 November 2023
- **predecessor1**: Winston Peters
- **successor1**: Grant Robertson
- **office2**: 12th Minister of Local Government (New Zealand), Minister of Local Government
- **primeminister2**: Jacinda Ardern
- **term start2**: 26 October 2017
- **term end2**: 1 February 2023
- **predecessor2**: Anne Tolley
- **successor2**: Kieran McAnulty
- **primeminister3**: Helen Clark
- **term start3**: 19 October 2005
- **term end3**: 19 November 2008
- **predecessor3**: Chris Carter (politician), Chris Carter
- **successor3**: Rodney Hide
- **office4**: 44th Minister for Māori Development
- **primeminister4**: Jacinda Ardern
- **term start4**: 26 October 2017
- **term end4**: 6 November 2020
- **predecessor4**: Te Ururoa Flavell
- **successor4**: Willie Jackson (politician), Willie Jackson
- **constituency mp7**: Te Tai Hauāuru
- **parliament7**: New Zealand
- **term start7**: 1999
- **term end7**: 2002
- **predecessor7**: Tuku Morgan
- **successor7**: Tariana Turia
- **majority7**: 6,233
- **constituency mp6**: Tainui (New Zealand electorate), Tainui
- **parliament6**: New Zealand
- **term start6**: 2002
- **term end6**: 2008
- **predecessor6**: _New constituency_
- **successor6**: _Constituency abolished_
- **majority6**: 3,430
- **constituency mp5**: Hauraki-Waikato
- **parliament5**: New Zealand
- **term start5**: 8 November 2008
- **term end5**: 14 October 2023
- **predecessor5**: _New constituency_
- **successor5**: Hana-Rawhiti Maipi-Clarke
- **majority5**: 9,660
- **party**: New Zealand Labour Party, Labour
Council of Women World Leaders

The **Council of Women World Leaders**, created in 1996, is a network of 77 current and former Presidents and Prime Ministers. It is the only organization in the world dedicated to women heads of state and government. The Council's Ministerial Initiative also involves current and former cabinet ministers and secretaries in the work of the Council.

## Leadership

- Madeleine Albright: Founding Chair of the Ministerial Initiative (1996–2007); Secretary of State of the United States (1997–2001)
- Kathy Calvin: CEO (2009–present); President (2013–2019) of the United Nations Foundation
- Kim Campbell: Prime Minister of Canada (1993); Council Chair (1999–2003)
- Vigdís Finnbogadóttir: President of Iceland (1980–1996); Founding Council Chair (1996–1999)
- Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović: President of Croatia (2015–2020); Council Chair (2019–2020)
- Dalia Grybauskaitė: President of Lithuania (2009–2019); Council Chair (2014–2019)
- Tarja Halonen: President of Finland (2000–2012); Council Chair (2009–2014)
- Katrín Jakobsdóttir: Prime Minister of Iceland (2018–present); Council Chair (2020–present)
- Laura Liswood: Secretary General (1996–present)
- Mary Robinson: President of Ireland (1990–1997); Council Chair (2003–2009)
- Margot Wallström: Chair of the Ministerial Initiative (2007–present); First Vice President of the European Commission (2004–2010); Deputy Prime Minister of Sweden (2014–2019)

## Other websites

- Official website
Edward Stafford (politician)

**Sir Edward William Stafford**  (23 April 1819 – 14 February 1901) was the third Premier of New Zealand. He was the prime minister three times.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: Sir Edward Stafford
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG
- **image**: Edward Stafford.jpg
- **order**: 3rd Prime Minister of New Zealand, Premier of New Zealand
- **monarch**: Queen Victoria, Victoria
- **governor**: Thomas Gore Browne
- **term start**: 2 June 1856
- **term end**: 12 July 1861
- **predecessor**: William Fox (politician), William Fox
- **successor**: William Fox (politician), William Fox
- **governor1**: George Grey
- **term start1**: 16 October 1865
- **term end1**: 28 June 1869
- **predecessor1**: Frederick Weld
- **successor1**: William Fox (politician), William Fox
- **governor2**: George Bowen
- **term start2**: 10 September 1872
- **term end2**: 11 October 1872
- **predecessor2**: William Fox (politician), William Fox
- **successor2**: George Waterhouse (politician), George Waterhouse
- **order3**: 6th Colonial Secretary (New Zealand), Colonial Secretary
- **term start3**: 4 November 1856
- **term end3**: 12 July 1861
- **predecessor3**: William Richmond
- **successor3**: Isaac Featherston
- **order5**: 1st Nelson Province, Superintendent of Nelson Province
- **term start5**: 1 August 1853
- **term end5**: September 1856
- **predecessor5**: _Position established_
- **successor5**: John Perry Robinson
- **birth place**: Edinburgh, Scotland
- **birth name**: Edward William Stafford
- **death place**: London, England
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 6
- **party**: None
- **alma mater**: Trinity College Dublin
- **signature**: Edward Stafford Signature.jpg
Capital gains tax

A **capital gains tax** is a tax on the profit realized on the sale of a non-inventory asset. The most common capital gains are seen from the sale of stocks, bonds, precious metals, real estate, and property.

Not all countries have a capital gains tax and most have different rates of taxation. Countries that do not impose a capital gains tax include Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Cayman Islands, Isle of Man, Jamaica, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Singapore, and others.

In some countries, such as New Zealand and Singapore, professional traders and those who trade frequently are taxed on such profits as a business income.

In the United Kingdom people paid £16.7 billion in capital gains tax in 2021-22.
Waitangi, Northland

**Waitangi** ( or , ) is a locality in the Bay of Islands on the North Island of New Zealand.  It is close to the town of Paihia, 60 kilometres north of Whangarei. "Waitangi" is a Māori-language name meaning "weeping waters".

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Waitangi
- **population total**: 300
- **population as of**: 2012
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of New Zealand, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Northland Region
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of New Zealand, District
- **subdivision name2**: Far North District
Waitangi Day

**Waitangi Day** (), the national day of New Zealand, celebrates the anniversary of the initial signing  – on 6 February 1840 – of the Treaty of Waitangi, which is seen as the founding document of the nation. The first Waitangi Day was not celebrated until 1934, and it was made a national public holiday in 1974.
Marae

A ****** (in New Zealand Māori, Cook Islands Māori, Tahitian), ****** (in Tongan), ****** (in Marquesan) or ****** (in Samoan) is a sacred place that is for religious and social purposes in Polynesian societies. In all these languages, the term also means cleared, free of weeds, trees.
The Spinoff

***The Spinoff*** is a New Zealand online magazine and news site founded by Duncan Greive in 2014. It is known for current affairs coverage, political and social analysis, and cultural comment. It is financed by subscription.
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership

The **Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership** (**CPTPP**), also known as **TPP11** or **TPP-11**, is a trade agreement among Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam. It is an updated agreement from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). The eleven signatories have combined economies representing 13.4 percent of global gross domestic product. a
Xinjiang internment camps

The **Xinjiang internment camps**, officially called **Xinjiang** **Vocational Education and Training Centers** (Chinese: 新疆职业技能教育培训中心) by the government of China, are internment camps run by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region government and its Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

Human Rights Watch says that they have been used to imprison Uyghurs and other Muslims since 2017 as part of a "people's war on terror," a policy announced in 2014. The camps have been criticized by many countries and human rights organizations for alleged human rights abuses.
Rohingya genocide

The **Rohingya genocide** is a series of war crimes committed against the Rohingya people by the Burmese military.

The genocide has been commited in two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that happened from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been happening since August 2017. The crisis forced over a million Rohingya to flee to other countries. Most fled to Bangladesh. Others escaped to India, Thailand, Malaysia, and other parts of South and Southeast Asia.

## Background

Since Myanmar went independent in 1948, violence towards the Rohingya has happened from time to time.

## Events

Genocidal attacks against the Rohingya happened in August 2017, involving mass rapes, massacres and burning of villages. At least 700,000 Rohingya lost their homes and fled to Bangladesh. The displaced Rohingya lived in overcrowded camps, facing a humanitarian crisis.

### United Nations

A fact-finding mission of the United Nations Human Rights Council concluded in September 2018 that Myanmar's government had committed crimes against humanity against the Rohingya.

### United States

On March 21, 2022, United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken visited the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) to announce that the US government recognized the Rohingya genocide.

## Infobox (event)

- **title**: Rohingya genocide
- **image**: Aerial view of a burned Rohingya village in Rakhine state, Myanmar - September 2017.JPG
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: Destroyed village in Rakhine State in September 2017.
- **motive**: Anti-Rohingya sentiment, Islamophobia, Fascism, ultranationalism, ethnic cleansing, religious persecution
- **date**: – January 2017
 – present
- **location**: Rakhine State, Myanmar
- **type**: * Genocide
* Massacre, Massacres
* Persecution
- **theme**: Military crackdown on Rohingya by Myanmar's armed forces and police
- **cause**: * Historic mistreatment of the Rohingya by the government
* Existing tensions between Buddhist and Muslim communities
* Attacks on Burmese border police posts by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army
- **outcome**: * Destruction of many villages
* Tens of 1,000, thousands killed or Rape, raped
* 25,000+ killed by 2018
* 700,000+ refugees fled abroad
Gun buyback program

A **gun buyback program**, or **gun buyback scheme**, is a gun policy that would allow the government to purchase privately owned firearms to reduce firearms in a country, especially those sold on the streets. A buy back program would provide a process whereby civilians can sell their privately owned firearms to the government without risk of prosecution.
Community centre

**Community centres** or **community halls** are public locations where members of a community gather for group activities, social support, public information, and other purposes. They may sometimes be open for the whole community or for a specific group within the greater community. Community centres can be religious in nature, such as Christian, Islamic, or Jewish community centres, or can be secular, such as youth clubs.ln Africa, they are public places where people gather or collect themselves for support, information, function or any given purpose
Condolence book

A **condolence book** or **book of condolence** is a book in which people may write their condolences after a death or great tragedy.

After the death of a leading figure or great disaster, condolence books are put in public places for members of the general public to use.  When closed, the books are given to the relatives.

After especially notable deaths, official records of the condolences may be reprinted.  For example, after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, the Government Printing Office published a leather-bound, gilt-edged collection of official condolences in 1867.
Assault weapon

In the United States, the term ***assault weapon*** is used  for some types of firearms. Usually these arms have a detachable magazine, a pistol grip and some have a vertical forward grip, flash suppressor or barrel shroud. Some firearms are specified by name.
Christchurch Call to Action Summit

The **Christchurch Call to Action Summit** (also called the **Christchurch Call**), was a political summit started by New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern that took place on 15 May 2019 in Paris, France, two months after the Christchurch mosque shootings of 15 March 2019. Co-chaired by Ardern and President Emmanuel Macron of France. The purpose was to "bring together countries and tech companies in an attempt to bring to an end the ability to use social media to organise and promote terrorism and violent extremism".
COVID-19 lockdowns

COVID-19 pandemic caused many governments to limit the spread of the disease by adding stay-at-home orders, curfews, quarantines, _cordons sanitaires_ and similar societal restrictions. By April 2020, about half of the world's population was under some form of lockdown, with more than 3.9 billion people in more than 90 countries or territories having been asked or ordered to stay at home by their governments.
Carbon neutrality

**Carbon neutrality** refers to the goal of getting to net-zero carbon dioxide emissions to prevent or reduce global warming. This can be done by balancing emissions of carbon dioxide with its removal (often through carbon offsetting) or by eliminating emissions from society (the transition to the "post-carbon economy"). It is used in the context of carbon dioxide-releasing processes associated with transportation, energy production, agriculture, and industry.

Some countries are carbon neutral: Comoros, Gabon, Guyana, Madagascar, and Niue. While Bhutan, Panama, and Suriname are carbon-negative countries.

## Related pages

- Nuclear power
- Renewable energy
Hybrid vehicle

A **hybrid vehicle** is a vehicle that uses two or more specific types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids.

Switching from one to the other at the proper time while speeding up yields a win-win in terms of energy efficiency, as such that translates into greater fuel efficiency, for example.
Te Pāti Māori

****, known in English as the **Māori Party**, is a political party in New Zealand which supports the indigenous rights of the Māori people.
ACT New Zealand

**ACT New Zealand**, known simply as **ACT** (), is a right-wing, classical-liberal political party in New Zealand. According to former party leader Rodney Hide, ACT's values are "individual freedom, personal responsibility, doing the best for our natural environment and for smaller, smarter government in its goals of a prosperous economy, a strong society, and a quality of life that is the envy of the world".

ACT was briefly led by former National Party leader Don Brash for the 2011 election, after which the party caucus was reduced to one seat.
Novavax

**Novavax, Inc.**, is an American biotechnology company based in Gaithersburg, Maryland that creates vaccines to fight against serious infectious diseases. Before to 2020, company scientists developed experimental vaccines for Ebola, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and other emerging infectious diseases.

During 2020, however, the company redirected its efforts to focus on development and approval of a vaccine for COVID-19.
Zhao Lijian

**Zhao Lijian** (; born 10 November 1972) is a Chinese politician and the deputy director of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Information Department.

## Infobox (chinese)

- **child**: yes
- **order**: st
- **p**: Zhào Lìjiān


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: 赵立坚20200603.png
- **office1**: List of Foreign Ministry Spokespersons of the People's Republic of China, Deputy Director of Foreign Ministry Information Department of the People's Republic of China
- **alongside1**: Yu Dunhai
- **term start1**: August 2019
- **1blankname1**: Director
- **1namedata1**: Hua Chunying
- **name**: Zhao Lijian
- **native name lang**: zh-Hans
- **birth place**: , Luannan County, Hebei
- **party**: Chinese Communist Party
Suhayra Aden

**Suhayra Aden** (born 1995) is a New Zealander and former dual Australian citizen who travelled to Syria in 2014 to join the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). Because of her connections to ISIL, her Australian citizenship was removed. In February 2021, she was detained by Turkish authorities while trying to enter the country with her two children. Turkey dropped charges against Aden and began proceedings to deport her.
British Vogue

**British _Vogue**_ is a British fashion magazine published based in London since autumn 1916. It is the British version of the American magazine _Vogue_. The magazine is considered to be one that connects fashion to high society and class.