Ottoman dynasty

The **Ottoman dynasty** () (or the **Imperial House of Osman**) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922. The dynasty began in northwestern Anatolia with the Oghuz Turk chieftain Osman I, but it was not recognized until 1383 when Murad I declared himself sultan. The dynasty might have been known as Söğüt before 1383, but it was later renamed _Osmanlı_ (Ottoman in English) in honor of Osman I.

The sultan was the sole ruler of the empire. Actual power often shifted to officials, such as the Grand Vizier, an office that eventually became Prime Minister and head of Parliament.

### Pre-Imperial Heads of the House of Osman

|Name|Born-Died|Reign start|Reign end|Relationship|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Süleyman Shah (_Bey_)|1168 - 1227|1212|1227|Son of Kaya Alp|
|Ertugrul (_Bey_)|1198 - 1281|1227|1281|Son of Suleyman Shah|

### Imperial heads of the House of Osman (1281-1922)

|Name|Born-Died|Reign start|Reign end|Relationship|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Osman I (_Bey_)|1258 – 1326|1281|1326|Son of Ertugrul|
|Orhan I (_Bey_)|1284 – 1359|1326|1359|Son of Osman I|
|Murad I (the God-like One)|1326 - 1389|Bey from 1359, Sultan from 1383|28 June 1389|Son of Orhan I|
|Bayezid I (the Thunderbolt)|1354 - 1403|28 June 1389|20 July 1402|Son of Murat I|
|Ottoman Interregnum||1402|1413||
|Mehmed I (Celebi)|1389 - 1421|1413|26 May 1421|Son of Bayezid I|
|Murad II (first reign)|1404 - 1451|26 May 1421|August 1444 (abdicated)|Son of Mehmed I|
|Mehmed II (the Conqueror) (first reign)|1432 - 1481|August 1444|1446|Son of Murad II|
|Murad II (second reign)|1404 - 1451|1446|3 February 1451|Son of Mehmed I|
|Mehmed II (the Conqueror) (second reign)|1432 - 1481|3 February 1451|3 May 1481|Son of Murad II|
|Bayezid II|1447/1448 - 1512|20 May 1481|25 April 1512 (abdicated)|Son of Mehmed II|
|Selim I (the Grim)|1465 - 1520|25 April 1512 (Caliph from 1517)|22 September 1520|Son of Bayezid II|
|Suleyman I (the Magnificent)|1494 -  1566|22 September 1520|6 September 1566|Son of Selim I|
|Selim II|1524 - 1574|6 September 1566|12 December 1574|Son of Suleyman I|
|Murad III|1546 - 1595|12 December 1574|15 January 1595|Son of Selim II|
|Mehmed III|1566 - 1603|15 January 1595|22 December 1603|Son of Murad III|
|Ahmed I|1590 - 1617|22 December 1603|22 November 1617|Son of Mehmed III|
|Mustafa I (first reign)|1592 - 1639|22 November 1617|26 February 1618 (deposed)|Son of Mehmed III|
|Osman II|1604 - 1622|26 February 1618|20 May 1622|Son of Ahmed I|
|Mustafa I (second reign)|1592 - 1639|20 May 1622|10 September 1623 (deposed)|Son of Mehmed III|
|Murad IV|1612 - 1640|10 September 1623|9 February 1640|Son of Ahmed I|
|Ibrahim I (the Mad)|1615 - 1648|9 February 1640|8 August 1648 (deposed)|Son of Ahmed I|
|Mehmed IV|1642 - 1693|8 August 1648|8 November 1687 (deposed)|Son of Ibrahim I|
|Suleyman II|1642 - 1691|8 November 1687|23 June 1691|Son of Ibrahim I|
|Ahmed II|1643 - 1695|23 June 1691|6 February 1695|Son of Ibrahim I|
|Mustafa II|1664 - 1703|6 February 1695|22 August 1703 (abdicated)|Son of Mehmed IV|
|Ahmed III|1673 - 1736|22 August 1703|1 October 1730 (abdicated)|Son of Mehmed IV|
|Mahmud I|1696 - 1754|2 October 1730|13 December 1754|Son of Mustafa II|
|Osman III|1699 - 1757|14 December 1754|30 October 1757|Son of Mustafa II|
|Mustafa III|1717 - 1774|30 October 1757|21 January 1774|Son of Ahmed III|
|Abdul Hamid I|1725 - 1789|21 January 1774|7 April 1789|Son of Ahmed III|
|Selim III|1761 - 1808|7 April 1789|29 May 1807 (deposed)|Son of Mustafa III|
|Mustafa IV|1779 - 1808|29 May 1807|28 July 1808 (deposed)|Son of Abdul Hamid I|
|Mahmud II|1785 - 1839|28 July 1808|1 July 1839|Son of Abdul Hamid I|
|Abdulmecid I|1823 - 1861|1 July 1839|25 June 1861|Son of Mahmud II|
|Abdulaziz|1830 - 1876|25 June 1861|30 May 1876 (deposed)|Son of Mahmud II|
|Murad V|1840 - 1904|30 May 1876|31 August 1876 (deposed)|Son of Abdulmecid I|
|Abdul Hamid II|1842 - 1918|31 August 1876|27 April 1909 (deposed)|Son of Abdulmecid I|
|Mehmed V (Reşad)|1844 - 1918|27 April 1909|3 July 1918|Son of Abdulmecid I|
|Mehmed VI (Vahideddin)|1861 - 1926|3 July 1918|1 November 1922 (deposed)|Son of Abdulmecid I|

### Post-Imperial Heads of the House of Osman (1922-present)

|Name|Born-Died|Reign start|Reign end|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Abdulmecid II|1868 - 1944|19 November 1922|23 August 1944|
|Ahmed IV Nihad|1883 - 1954|23 August 1944|4 June 1954|
|Osman IV Fuad|1895 - 1973|4 June 1954|19 May 1973|
|Mehmed Abdulaziz II|1901 - 1977|19 May 1973|19 January 1977|
|Ali Vâsib|1903 - 1983|19 January 1977|9 December 1983|
|Mehmed VII Orhan|1909 - 1994|9 December 1983|12 March 1994|
|Ertuğrul Osman V|1912 - 2009|12 March 1994|23 September 2009|
|Bayezid Osman|1924 - 2017|23 September 2009|6 January 2017|
|Dündar Ali Osman|1930 - 2021|6 January 2017|18 January 2021|
|Harun Osman|1932 -|18 January 2021|present|

## Expelled from the Imperial House

- (Şehzade) Mahmud Şevket (Efendi Hazretleri) (1903, Istanbul - 1973, France) was expelled and deprived of the title of Prince and the style of His Highness from the Imperial House of Osman by His Imperial Majesty, the last Caliph Abdülmecid II. in 1931. He d. in France 1973, having had issue:

(a) HIH Princess Hamide Nermin Nezahat Sultana [1923 - 1998] by Adile Hanimsultan, a granddaughter of Abdülhamid II.

## Excluded from the line of sucssession

- Mehmed Selim Orhan, (born in Paris, 3. October 1943 - 17. May 1998, descendant of Abdul Hamid II through Mehmed VII Orhan), deprived since birth of title HIH Şehzade, because he was born before his parents married in 1944.

## Other websites

- Turkey, includes all the full ruler styles with various biographical data in the Royal Ark
- Sultans, Contemporary Paintings  by İsmail Acar
- Everything about Ottoman Empire  Everything about the history, culture and civilization of Ottoman Empire
- MSN encarta - the Ottoman Empire (see _Sultanate_)
- WorldStatesmen- Turkey
- Ottoman Dynasty meet at Dolmabahçe Palace
- Ottoman Empire - The Family