juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Melchior Hedloff

**Melchior Hedloff** (c. 1605/6 – January 19, 1654), also spelled as **Melcher Hedlof**, was a German serial killer, cannibal, and criminal active in the 17th century.

Little is known about Hedloff's early life, except that he served as a soldier during the Thirty Years' War.

Captured in 1653, Hedloff allegedly confessed under torture to 251 robberies and murders committed over 11 years, during which he primarily shot his victims from ambush. He also reportedly confessed to numerous rapes, some of which occurred during his military service, but among the victims was his own daughter.

After his conviction, Hedloff was publicly mutilated, broken on the wheel, and captured in front of the town hall in Oleśnica on January 19, 1654. Parts of his body were displayed on public display along the four roads leading into the town to deter criminals.

In addition to Melchior Hedloff, his wife and daughter were also arrested, accused of murdering their daughter's illegitimate child; his wife died in custody.
Solar Opposites

***Solar Opposites*** is an American adult animated science fiction sitcom created by Justin Roiland and Mike McMahan on Hulu. Originally created for the Fox Broadcasting Company, the project was shelved before being acquired by Hulu. The series premiered on May 8, 2020 and concluded on October 13, 2025, after six seasons consisting of 63 episodes.
Tadashi Yanai

is a Japanese businessman.

He is the founder and president of Fast Retailing, the parent company of Uniqlo ("unique clothing").

As of May 2025, he is the richest person in Japan, with an estimated net worth of US$50.3 billion, and the 28th-wealthiest person in the world according to the _Bloomberg Billionaires Index_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tadashi Yanai
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2023
- **birth place**: Ube, Yamaguchi, Occupation of Japan, Allied-occupied Japan
- **alma mater**: Waseda University
- **occupation**: Businessman
- **known for**: Founder of Fast Retailing, parent company of Uniqlo
- **years active**: 1972–present
- **title**: Chairman and President, Fast Retailing
- **spouse**: Teruyo Nagaoka
- **children**: 2
Nigel Morris

**Nigel William Morris** (born June 1958) is a British businessman.

He is the managing partner of QED Investors and co-founded Capital One Financial Services with Richard Fairbank. He is also part of the ownership group of Welsh football club Swansea City.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nigel Morris
- **image**: RCZ 4207 Nigel Morris 2023 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Morris in 2023
- **birth place**: Billericay, Essex, England
- **alma mater**: London Business School
- **occupation**: Businessman
- **title**: Managing partner, QED Investors
- **known for**: co-founded Capital One with Richard Fairbank
- **boards**: Swansea City Football Club
 London Business School
 National Geographic
 Remitly
- **children**: 4
Richard Fairbank

**Richard Dana Fairbank** (born September 18, 1950) is an American businessman who co-founded Capital One with Nigel Morris in 1988.

He was on the board of directors of MasterCard International from 2004 to 2006.

Fairbank has been awarded "Business Leader of the Year" by _Washingtonian_, and placed on lists including Worth's list of the top 10 CEOs and "50 Best CEOs."

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Richard Fairbank
- **birth name**: Richard Dana Fairbank
- **nationality**: American
- **education**: Stanford University (Bachelor of Science, BS, Master of Business Administration, MBA)
- **occupation**: Businessman
- **title**: Chairman and CEO, Capital One
- **known for**: co-founding Capital One with Nigel Morris
- **spouse**: Chris Fairbank
- **children**: 8
Phạm Văn Rạng

**Phạm Văn Rạng** (8 January 1934 – 7 November 2008) was a Vietnamese footballer. He played for South Vietnam at the 1956 and 1960 AFC Asian Cups, and helped them win a gold medal at the 1959 SEAP Games. He was known as one of the best Vietnamese goalkeepers of all time. In 1966, he was chosen to play for an Asian All-Star team against Fulham.

Phạm Văn Rạng died on 7 November 2008, at the age of 74, after having a stroke.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Phạm Văn Rạng
- **fullname**: Phạm Văn Rạng
- **birth date**: 8 January 1934
- **birth place**: Mỹ Tho, French Cochinchina
- **death place**: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- **position**: Goalkeeper
- **years1**: 1951–1953
- **clubs1**: Ba Chieu Star
- **years2**: 1953–1966
- **clubs2**: État-Major Général
- **nationalyears1**: 1953–1964
- **nationalteam1**: South Vietnam national football team, South Vietnam
Nguyễn Ngọc Thanh (footballer, born 1936)

**Nguyễn Ngọc Thanh** (28 March 1936 – 25 September 2015) was a Vietnamese footballer and manager. He played for South Vietnam at the 1960 AFC Asian Cup. He was chosen to play for an Asian All-Star team in 1965 and 1966.

After retiring from football, he became a manager. He was the first Vietnamese person to get a FIFA-certified international coaching license. He was the manager of South Vietnam between 1969 and 1971.

Nguyễn Ngọc Thanh died on 25 September 2015, at the age of 79.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Nguyễn Ngọc Thanh
- **fullname**: Nguyễn Ngọc Thanh
- **birth date**: 28 March 1936
- **birth place**: Bạc Liêu province, Bạc Liêu, French Cochinchina
- **death place**: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- **position**: Midfielder
- **nationalyears1**: –1966
- **nationalteam1**: South Vietnam national football team, South Vietnam
- **manageryears1**: 1969–1971
- **managerclubs1**: South Vietnam national football team, South Vietnam
Adenomera lutzi

**Lutz's tropical bullfrog** or **Lutz's thin-toed frog** (_Adenomera lutzi_) is a frog.  It lives in Guyana.

## Home

This frog is awake mostly at night This frog lives in forests that have never been cut down. Scientists have seen it between  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in protected places, for example Kaieteur National Park.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in danger of dying out. Part of its home is far from human beings, but it is in danger where people who dig for gold, even in protected parts.
Calcium chlorate

**Calcium chlorate** is an ionic compound made of calcium and chlorate ions. The chemical formula is . The molar mass is around 206.98 g/mol (anhydrous). Like other chlorates, it is a strong oxidizer. It used as a non-selective herbicide just like sodium chlorate. It can form the dihydrate salt when exposed to moisture or water. It can be made when calcium (metal or basic compound) reacts with chloric acid.

## Formation and decomposition of calcium chlorate

It is usually made when hot suspension of calcium hydroxide in water reacts with excess chlorine gas when heated; making calcium chlorate, calcium chloride, and water.
- The balanced chemical equation is:

It sometimes can be made when calcium hydroxide reacts with chloric acid to make calcium chlorate and water.
- The balanced chemical equation is:

It decomposes at high temperatures to make calcium chloride and oxygen gas.
- The balanced chemical equation is:

## Related pages

- Potassium chlorate
- Calcium bromate
Jewish supremacy

**Jewish supremacy** is the belief that Jews are superior to non-jews.
White South Africans

**White South Africans** are South Africans of European descent. In linguistic, cultural and historical terms, they are generally divided into the Afrikaans-speaking descendants of the Dutch East India Company's original colonists, known as Afrikaners, and the Anglophone descendants of British colonists. European South Africans are by far the largest population of White Africans. _White_ was a legally defined racial classification during apartheid.
U.C. AlbinoLeffe

**U.C. AlbinoLeffe** is an Italian football club from Albino and Leffe, that plays in Serie C.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: AlbinoLeffe
- **image**: Celeste e Blu (Strisce Orizzontali).svg
- **fullname**: Unione Calcio AlbinoLeffe
- **nickname**: Blu celesti (Blues and azures)
- **founded**: 1998
- **ground**: AlbinoLeffe Stadium
- **capacity**: 1,791
- **chairman**: Gianfranco Andreoletti
- **manager**: Giovanni Lopez
- **league**: Serie C
- **season**: Serie C 2024-2025, 2024-2025
- **position**: 4th (group A)
- **current**: 2025-2026 U.C. AlbinoLeffe season
Luis Valdéz (footballer)

**Luis Antonio Valdéz Salas** (born 1 July 1965) is a former Mexican footballer. He was capped 11 times for Mexico, and played for them at the 1994 FIFA World Cup. He is nicknamed  _El Cadáver_  (The Corpse).

## Other websites

- FIFA profile

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Luis Antonio Valdéz
- **fullname**: Luis Antonio Valdéz Salas
- **birth place**: Aguascalientes City, Aguascalientes, Mexico
- **position**: Forward (association football), Striker
- **years1**: 1986–1991
- **clubs1**: Club Deportivo Guadalajara, Chivas
- **caps1**: 140
- **goals1**: 25
- **years2**: 1991–1993
- **clubs2**: C.F. Monterrey, Monterrey
- **caps2**: 54
- **goals2**: 11
- **years3**: 1993–1995
- **clubs3**: Club León, León
- **caps3**: 46
- **goals3**: 14
- **totalcaps**: 240
- **totalgoals**: 50
- **nationalyears1**: 1989–1994
- **nationalteam1**: Mexico national football team, Mexico
- **nationalcaps1**: 11
- **nationalgoals1**: 2
Adenomera thomei

***Adenomera thomei*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Home

This frog lives in Atlantic forests. People also see it in small pieces of forest. They see it on sandy ground and on the dead leaves on the ground. They have also seen it in places that human beings have changed, for example next to cacao farms. Scientists have seen this frog between  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in protected places, for example APA Lagoa Encantada and Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Municipal das Serras de Marica.

## Young

The male frog sits on the dead leaves on the ground and calls to the female frogs. This frog puts eggs in a nest made out of bubbles on very wet ground and in pools where the water does not move.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out.
Chung Kook-chin

**Chung Kook-chin** (; January 2, 1917 – February 10, 1976) was a South Korean footballer and manager. He played for South Korea at the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1954 FIFA World Cup. He also managed South Korea at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was the Vice President of the Korea Football Association shortly before his death.

He was notable for wearing eyeglasses while playing in matches.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Chung Kook-chin
- **image**: Chong Kook Chin 정국진 (South Korea, 1954 World Cup).jpg
- **fullname**: Chung Kook-chin
- **birth place**: Korea, Empire of Japan
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **clubs1**: Wonsan, Wonsan University
- **nationalteam1**: South Korea national football team, South Korea
- **manageryears1**: 1959–1960
- **managerclubs1**: South Korea national football team, South Korea
- **manageryears2**: 1964–1965
- **managerclubs2**: South Korea national football team, South Korea


## Infobox (korean name/auto)

- **hangul**: %정국진
- **hanja**: 鄭國振
Blagoje Vidinić

**Blagoje Vidinić** (, ; 11 June 1934 – 29 December 2006) was a Yugoslav and Macedonian Association footballer and manager. He was capped 8 times for Yugoslavia, and was part of their team at the 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics, and at the 1960 European Nations' Cup.

After retiring from football, he became a manager. He managed Morocco and Zaire at the FIFA World Cup, and helped Zaire win the 1974 African Cup of Nations. He also managed FAR Rabat and Colombia.

### Player

- FC Sion
- Swiss Cup: 1964–65

- Yugoslavia
- Olympic Medalist:
    - Gold medal: 1960
    - Silver medal: 1956

### Manager

- FAR Rabat
- Moroccan Throne Cup: 1971

- Zaire
- African Cup of Nations: 1974

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Blagoje Vidinić
- **fullname**: Blagoje Vidinić
- **birth place**: Skopje, Kingdom of Yugoslavia
- **death place**: Strasbourg, France
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthclubs1**: FK Vardar, Vardar
- **years1**: 1951–1955
- **clubs1**: FK Vardar, Vardar
- **caps1**: 144
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1955–1961
- **clubs2**: FK Radnički Beograd, Radnički Beograd
- **caps2**: 123
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 1962–1964
- **clubs3**: OFK Beograd
- **caps3**: 33
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 1964–1966
- **clubs4**: FC Sion
- **caps4**: 52
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 1967
- **clubs5**: Los Angeles Toros
- **caps5**: 20
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 1968
- **clubs6**: San Diego Toros
- **caps6**: 4
- **goals6**: 0
- **years7**: 1968
- **clubs7**: St. Louis Stars (NASL), St. Louis Stars
- **caps7**: 23
- **goals7**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 338
- **totalgoals**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1956–1960
- **nationalteam1**: Yugoslavia national football team, Yugoslavia
- **nationalcaps1**: 8
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1970–1971
- **managerclubs1**: Morocco national football team, Morocco
- **manageryears2**: 1971–1972
- **managerclubs2**: AS FAR, FAR Rabat
- **manageryears3**: 1971–1974
- **managerclubs3**: Congo DR national football team, Zaire
- **manageryears4**: 1976–1979
- **managerclubs4**: Colombia national football team, Colombia
Radio broadcasting

**Radio broadcasting** transmits audio signals via radio waves to receivers over a wide area. Listeners need a radio receiver for "terrestrial" broadcasts (AM, FM, DAB) from land transmitters, while satellite radio signals come from satellites in orbit.

Radio stations create their own programming or partner with radio networks for content via syndication or simulcasting. Common transmission technologies include analog (AM and FM) and digital (DAB, HD Radio, DRM).
James Mina

**James Mina** (born 17 July 1954) is a former Colombian footballer. He was capped three times for Colombia at the 1983 Copa América. He was also part of Colombia's team at the 1979 Copa América.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: James Mina
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **years1**: 1973–1975
- **clubs1**: Independiente Santa Fe, Santa Fe
- **years2**: 1976
- **clubs2**: Once Caldas
- **years3**: 1977–1984
- **clubs3**: Independiente Santa Fe, Santa Fe
- **years4**: 1984
- **clubs4**: Cúcuta Deportivo
- **years5**: 1984–1985
- **clubs5**: Deportes Quindío
- **years6**: 1986–1988
- **clubs6**: Once Caldas
- **nationalteam1**: Colombia national football team, Colombia
- **nationalyears1**: 1983
- **nationalcaps1**: 3
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
CBVE-FM

**CBVE-FM** is a Canadian radio station in Quebec City, broadcasting CBC Radio One at 104.7 FM. Its main transmitter is at Mount Bélair, with studios on Rue St-Jean. CBVE serves as the originating station for all CBC Radio One transmitters in Quebec outside Montreal, focusing on the anglophone minority. While it is a semi-satellite of CBME-FM in Montreal, most operations occur in Quebec City, with master control in Toronto.
Coffee Houser Sei Addata

"**Coffee Houser Sei Addata**" is a song by Indian playback singer Manna Dey. The song's lyrics were written by Gauriprasanna Mazumder and its music and tune was composed by Suparna Kanti Ghosh. It was added to the album Hits of Manna Dey, Vol. 2 by its record label company Saregama.

## Composition and writing

In 1983, Suparna Kanti Ghosh was living in New Alipore, Kolkata, studying for his exams with his friends. He was visited by Gauriprasanna Mazumder, who had a sore throat and dropped by for some tea. Mazumdar called him out for taking too long to get to him. They entered into a discussion where Ghosh asked him to write a song related to a hangout theme at the College Street Coffee House. Mazumdar spoke the first two lines of the song right away. He spent the night writing the lyrics of the song. Mazumdar was diagnosed with throat cancer at the time. He completed most of the song within 2 or 3 days, except the last stanza. When he showed the written song to Ghosh, Ghosh wanted him to add a last stanza (verse) to the song.

Later, Mazumdar was onboard a still train stalled in Howrah Junction railway station. He was going for medical treatment in Chennai or Mumbai (also known as Bombay). He thought of the last stanza to the song. He took out a white paper from inside an empty cigarette packet. With his pen, he wrote the last stanza on it. He then introduced himself to a man on the station. And asked him to deliver the packet to Ghosh's house in New Alipore. The man delivered the packet to Ghosh the next day. Ghosh stated that he felt the song was complete. He had a live concert in Mumbai (Bombay) in 4 days and took the lyrics papers with him.

A few days later, he brought the song to Manna Dey. Dey asked him, "How can this be a song? How will you set these words to music?". Eventually, Manna Dey recorded the song in a recording studio in Mumbai in 1983.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Coffee Houser Sei Addata
- **type**: song
- **artist**: Manna Dey
- **album**: Hits of Manna Dey, Vol. 2
- **language**: Bengali language, Bengali
- **written**: Early 1983
- **released**: 1983
- **studio**: Mumbai
- **genre**: Ballad
- **length**: 6:27
- **label**: Saregama
- **composer**: Gauriprasanna Mazumder
- **lyricist**: Suparna Kanti Ghosh
CBC Radio One

**CBC Radio One** is the commercial-free English-language radio network of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, offering local and national programming available to 98% of Canadians via AM, FM, internet, and mobile apps. It is also simulcast on Bell Satellite TV and Shaw Direct, with a modified version on Sirius XM channel 169.

In 2010, Radio One had 4.3 million weekly listeners, making it Canada's largest radio network.
Louis Contesse

Dr. **Louis Contesse** (c. 1670–September 11, 1729) was a prominent French Huguenot physician and early settler in colonial Virginia. He is best known historically as the maternal grandfather of John Tyler, the tenth President of the United States.

Born in France (likely Roussy), he fled religious persecution as a young man, seeking refuge in England by 1688. He arrived in James City County, Virginia, around 1700,  He practiced medicine and lived in Williamsburg, where he was a respected member of the community and patented land tracts in 1725, He married Mary Morris (c. 1696–1760). Their daughter, Anne Contesse, married John Tyler II, their son John Tyler Sr. was the father of President John Tyler.

In October 2022, the Huguenot Society of South Carolina officially approved Louis Contesse as a recognized Huguenot ancestor based on records of his "reconnaissance" (religious declaration) in England in 1688.
Terry Leahy

**Sir Terence Patrick Leahy** (born 28 February 1956) is a British businessman. He is best known as the former CEO of Tesco, the largest supermarket company in the United Kingdom. In 2011, he became a senior adviser at the private equity company Clayton Dubilier & Rice.

He lives in Cuffley, Hertfordshire, with his wife and three children.

## Early life

Leahy was born in Belle Vale, Liverpool to Irish immigrant parents. He grew up in a working-class family. His father worked as a sailor and later as a bookmaker. Leahy attended Our Lady of the Assumption Primary School and later St. Edward's College, Liverpool, after passing the 11+ exam.

He worked part-time at Tesco and later studied at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, where he earned a degree in Management Science in 1977. He later received a Doctor of Science degree from Cranfield University.

### Tesco

Leahy joined Tesco in 1979 as a marketing executive. He helped create the Tesco Clubcard loyalty program in 1995.

He joined Tesco's board in 1992 and became chief executive in 1997. Under his leadership, Tesco became the largest retailer in the UK and expanded internationally. The company’s UK market share grew from about 20% to 30%.

In 2010, Tesco announced that Leahy would retire in 2011. After leaving, he received performance bonuses and a pension package.

### B&M Retail

In 2012, Leahy became chairman of B&M Retail. He helped guide the company to the stock market and supported major expansion. He stepped down in 2017.

### Others

Leahy has invested in many other companies, including cybersecurity firm, Brandshield.

## Honours

Leahy was knighted in 2002 for his contribution to business.

## Education and other roles

He served as Chancellor of UMIST and later the University of Manchester.

He is a supporter and adviser of Everton F.C..

## Books

His book _Management in 10 Words_ was published in 2012.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sir Terry Leahy
- **birth name**: Terence Patrick Leahy
- **birth place**: Belle Vale, Liverpool, England
- **known for**: CEO of Tesco
MiniMax (company)

**MiniMax** is a Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) company. It is based in Shanghai, China. The company develops AI software for text, images, video, and speech. Investors have called MiniMax one of China’s leading new AI companies.

## History

MiniMax was founded in December 2021 by former engineers from the AI company SenseTime. Early funding came from the Chinese technology company MiHoYo.

In March 2024, Alibaba Group led a $600 million investment round in MiniMax. After this investment, the company was valued at about $2.5 billion. Other investors include Tencent, IDG Capital, and Hillhouse Investment.

On 9 January 2026, MiniMax became a public company with an initial public offering (IPO) on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.

### Talkie

MiniMax released its first product in 2022. It was originally called _Glow_. The app allowed users to create virtual characters and talk with them using AI.

In 2023, Glow was relaunched under two new names. For users outside China, the app became _Talkie_. For Chinese users, it was renamed _Xing Ye_.

In 2024, Talkie became popular in the United States and other countries. It allowed users to have AI conversations with virtual versions of well-known people.

### Hailuo AI

In March 2024, MiniMax launched _Hailuo AI_, an AI platform for text, music, and video creation. In September 2024, the company added a new tool called _video-01_, which can create videos from written text.

In 2025, Hailuo AI added audio and speech features, allowing users to create voices and sound effects with AI.

## Technology

MiniMax develops large AI language models. In 2024, the company released the _ABAB 6.5_ model, which uses a technology called mixture of experts.

In January 2025, MiniMax introduced the _MiniMax-01_ family of AI models. These models can understand both text and images.

In April 2025, the company released _Speech-02_, a new text-to-speech model that supports more than 30 languages.

## See also

- OpenAI

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: MiniMax
- **logo**: MiniMax.png
- **type**: Public company
- **founded**: December 2021
- **hq location city**: Shanghai
- **hq location country**: China
- **key people**: Yan Junjie (CEO)
- **num employees**: 200+ (2025)
- **industry**: Artificial intelligence
Pandorabots

**Pandorabots, Inc.** is an artificial intelligence company that provides a web platform for building and running chatbots.

The company develops and supports the Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML), a language used to create chatbot programs. Parts of the Pandorabots software are available for free.

The **Pandorabots Platform** is one of the oldest and largest chatbot hosting services in the world. It allows users to create virtual agents that can have human-like text or voice conversations with people.

The platform is written in the programming language Allegro Common Lisp.

## Use cases

Pandorabots is used in many areas. Common uses include online advertising, virtual assistants, e-learning, entertainment, and education.

Universities and researchers also use the platform for teaching and academic research about artificial intelligence.

## Other websites

- Official Pandorabots website

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Pandorabots, Inc.
- **type**: Private company
- **industry**: Artificial intelligence, Software
- **founded**: 2002
- **founder**: Richard Wallace
- **hq location city**: Oakland, California
- **hq location country**: United States
- **products**: Pandorabots Platform
- **services**: Chatbot hosting and development
Tredence

**Tredence Inc.** is an American company that works in data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI). It is based in San Jose, California, in the United States. The company provides analytics and AI services to businesses around the world.

Tredence helps companies use data to make better business decisions. It works with clients in industries such as retail, consumer goods, telecommunications, healthcare, technology, and financial services.

## History

Tredence was founded in 2013 by Shub Bhowmick, Sumit Mehra, and Shashank Dubey.

In 2020, the company received a $30 million investment from Chicago Pacific Founders.

In 2022, Tredence raised $175 million in funding led by Advent International.

In 2023, the research company Forrester named Tredence as one of the leaders in customer analytics services.

The company works with major technology platforms such as Amazon Web Services, Snowflake, Databricks, and Google Cloud.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Tredence Inc.
- **logo**: TREDENCE_LOgo.png
- **type**: Private company
- **industry**: Data analytics, Artificial intelligence
- **founded**: 2013
- **founders**: Shub Bhowmick, Sumit Mehra, Shashank Dubey
- **hq location city**: San Jose, California
- **hq location country**: United States
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **services**: Analytics and AI services
- **num employees**: 3,500 (2025)
Vicarious (company)

**Vicarious** was an American artificial intelligence company. It was based in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. The company worked on creating software that could think and learn in ways similar to the human brain.

In 2022, the company was bought by Alphabet Inc. and became part of Alphabet’s robotics group called Intrinsic.

## Founders

Vicarious was founded in 2010 by D. Scott Phoenix and Dileep George. Before starting Vicarious, Phoenix worked as an entrepreneur and technology executive. George previously worked as Chief Technology Officer at the AI company Numenta while completing his studies at Stanford University.

## Funding

The company received early funding from technology investors and venture capital firms. In 2012, Vicarious raised $15 million in a funding round led by Good Ventures and Founders Fund.

In 2014, the company raised $40 million in additional funding. Investors in this round included Mark Zuckerberg and Elon Musk.

Later, the company also received investments from Jeff Bezos, Jerry Yang, and Marc Benioff.

## Technology

Vicarious worked on machine learning systems based on ideas from how the human brain processes information. One of its main projects was called the Recursive Cortical Network (RCN). This system was designed to understand images and videos in a way similar to human vision.

In 2013, Vicarious announced that its software could solve many modern CAPTCHA tests used on websites. The company said this showed that its vision technology was becoming more advanced.

The company later published research about its technology in the scientific journal _Science_.

## See also

- Artificial intelligence
- Computer vision

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Vicarious
- **logo**: Vicarious logo.svg
- **type**: Private company
- **founded**: 2010
- **hq location city**: San Francisco Bay Area, California
- **hq location country**: United States
- **parent**: X Development, Intrinsic (Alphabet Inc.)
Sakana AI

​​
**Sakana AI Co, Ltd.** is a Japanese artificial intelligence company. It is based in Tokyo, Japan.

## Overview

Sakana AI works on research in collective intelligence and new methods for creating AI systems. The name of the company comes from the Japanese word “sakana,” which means fish. This name is used as an example of many simple parts working together, like a school of fish, to create intelligent behavior.

The company was founded in 2023 by David Ha, Llion Jones, and Ren Ito. Llion Jones is known as one of the authors of the important AI research paper Attention Is All You Need, which was written while he worked at Google.

In its first funding round, Sakana AI raised $30 million from investors including Lux Capital and Khosla Ventures. In 2024, the company raised about $200 million in a larger funding round. Investors included Mitsubishi UFJ, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group, Mizuho Financial Group, Itochu, KDDI, Nomura Holdings, and Nvidia.

In 2024, the company developed a method to create new AI models by combining several existing models. Sakana AI believes this method can help more people build AI systems without needing large computers.

Sakana AI is also working on a project called the “AI Scientist.” This project aims to use AI to help automate parts of scientific research.

In 2024, Sakana AI became a "unicorn" company (a startup worth more than $1 billion). It reached this value faster than any other Japanese startup in history.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Sakana AI Co, Ltd.
- **native name**: Sakana AI株式会社
- **type**: Private company
- **founded**: July 2023
- **founders**: David Ha, Llion Jones, Ren Ito
- **hq location city**: Tokyo
- **hq location country**: Japan
- **num employees**: 20 (2024)
Strontium bromide

**Strontium bromide** is an ionic compound made of strontium and bromide ions. The chemical formula is . The molar mass is 247.428 g/mol (anhydrous). It is used in flares to make a bright red colour in fireworks. It usually forms the hexahydrate salt when exposed to moisture or water. It is made when strontium (metal or basic compound) reacts with bromine or hydrobromic acid.

## Formation of strontium bromide

It can be made when strontium metal reacts with liquid bromine to make strontium bromide.
- The balanced chemical equation is:

It can also be made when strontium hydroxide reacts with hydrobromic acid to make strontium bromide and water.
- The balanced chemical equation is:

## Related pages

- Strontium oxide
Central Saanich

**Central Saanich** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island and is in the Capital regional district.

The population of Central Saanich was 17,385 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of Central Saanich is Barbara Desjardins.

Before Europeans arrived, W̱SÁNEĆ peoples settled in the area. Europeans arrived in 1855 and began to settle in the area. They began to build farms and grow produce, while also building a industry for logging. In 1904, a quarry for limestone and a cement plant were built by Robert Pim and Jennie Butchart and they sold their product worldwide. After the factory was closed in 1955, Butchart turned the area into Butchart Gardens. It was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 2004.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: The Corporation of the Township of Central Saanich
- **settlement type**: List of district municipalities in British Columbia, District municipality
- **image skyline**: BrentwoodBay.jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: An aerial view of Central Saanich
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map**: Vancouver Island#British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin label**: Central Saanich
- **pushpin map caption**: Where Central Saanich is located on Vancouver Island
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Vancouver Island
- **subdivision type3**: Regional districts of British Columbia, Regional district
- **subdivision name3**: Capital Regional District, Capital
- **leader title**: Governing Body
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Ryan Windsor
- **leader title2**: Member of Parliament (Canada), MP
- **leader name2**: Elizabeth May (Green Party of Canada, Green)
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLA
- **leader name3**: Rob Botterell (Green Party of British Columbia, BC Green)
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1950
- **area land km2**: 41.20
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 17,385
- **population density km2**: 421.9
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 100
- **postal code type**: Forward sortation area
- **postal code**: V8M
- **website**: [https://www.centralsaanich.ca/ District of Central Saanich website]
Esquimalt

The **Township of Esquimalt** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island and is in the Capital regional district.

The population of Esquimalt was 17,533 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of Esquimalt is Barbara Desjardins. Esquimalt is home to the Royal Canadian Navy's Pacific fleet naval base.

Before Europeans arrived, Kosampsom (now Esquimalt) lived in the area for over 4000 years. Esquimalt's name from the indigenous phrase _Es-whoy-malth_ or _x̣ʷiméɫǝɫ_, which means "place of gradually shoaling water". European settlers arrived in 1790 when Gonzalo López de Haro and Juan Carrasco onboard the _Princess Royal_ during Manuel Quimper's expedition.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: The Corporation of the Township of Esquimalt
- **settlement type**: List of district municipalities in British Columbia, District municipality
- **image skyline**: Esquimalt - panoramio.jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: View of Esquimalt from the water
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map**: Vancouver Island#British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin label**: Esquimalt
- **pushpin map caption**: Where Esquimalt is located in British Columbia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Vancouver Island
- **subdivision type3**: Regional districts of British Columbia, Regional district
- **subdivision name3**: Capital Regional District, Capital
- **leader title**: Governing Body
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Barbara Desjardins
- **leader title2**: Member of Parliament (Canada), MP
- **leader name2**: Stephanie McLean (politician), Stephanie McLean Liberal Party of Canada, (LPC)
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLA
- **leader name3**: Darlene Rotchford (British Columbia New Democratic Party, NDP)
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1912
- **area land km2**: 7.08
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 17,533
- **population density km2**: 2,476.7
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 10
- **website**: [https://www.esquimalt.ca/ Township of Esquimalt website]
Lake Country

**Lake Country** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Okanagan Valley region and is in the Central Okanagan regional district.

The population of Lake Country was 15,817 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of Lake Country is Blair Ireland. Lake Country is known for it vineyards and winemaking. Sightseeing along the forests and mountains are also popular activities for visitors.

Lake Country has a ward system is the only municipality in British Columbia to use the system. The wards for Lake Country are Okanagan Centre, Carr's Landing, Oyama, and Winfield.

Before Europeans arrived, Syilx peoples settled in the area. In 1995, Oyama, Winfield, Okanagan Centre, and Carr’s Landing all merged together to become the District of Lake Country.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: District of Lake Country
- **settlement type**: List of district municipalities in British Columbia, District municipality
- **image skyline**: Aerial View of the Interior Douglas Fir forests of Lake Country.png
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: One of the many Douglas fir, Interior Douglas Fir forests in Lake Country
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map**: British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin label**: Lake Country
- **pushpin map caption**: Where Lake Country is located on Vancouver Island
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Okanagan, Okanagan Valley
- **subdivision type3**: Regional districts of British Columbia, Regional district
- **subdivision name3**: Regional District of Central Okanagan, Central Okanagan
- **leader title**: Governing Body
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Blair Ireland
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1995
- **area total km2**: 122.19
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 15,817
- **population density km2**: 130
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 600
- **website**: [https://www.lakecountry.bc.ca/ District of Lake Country website]
North Cowichan

**North Cowichan** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island in British Columbia and is in the Cowichan Valley regional district.

The population of North Cowichan was 31,990 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of North Cowichan is Rob Douglas. Within North Cowichan lays the communities of "North Cowichan", Chemainus, Westholme, Crofton, and Maple Bay.

On June 18, 1873, the municipality of North Cowichan was incorporated, making it the fifth-oldest municipality in British Columbia. The city of Duncan was originally a part of North Cowichan but was separated and incorporated into its own city on March 4, 1912. There was a vote to reform the two communities but it failed to pass.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: District of North Cowichan
- **settlement type**: List of district municipalities in British Columbia, District municipality
- **motto**: No Steps Backwards
- **image skyline**: North Cowichan Skyline.jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: Boats docked at a pier in North Cowichan
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map**: Vancouver Island#British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin label**: North Cowichan
- **pushpin map caption**: Where North Cowichan is located on Vancouver Island
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Vancouver Island
- **subdivision type3**: Regional districts of British Columbia, Regional district
- **subdivision name3**: Cowichan Valley Regional District, Cowichan Valley
- **leader title**: Governing Body
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Rob Douglas
- **leader title2**: Current members of the Canadian House of Commons, MP
- **leader name2**: Jeff Kibble
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLA
- **leader name3**: Debra Toporowski
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1873
- **area total km2**: 195.54
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 31,990
- **population density km2**: 163.7
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 10
- **area code**: Area code 250, +1-250
- **website**: [https://www.northcowichan.ca/ Municipality of North Cowichan website]
Oak Bay, British Columbia

**Oak Bay** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island and is in the Capital regional district.

The population of Oak Bay was 17,990 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of Oak Bay is Kevin Murdoch.

Before Europeans arrived, Songhees have lived in the area for over hundreds of years. The district is named after the Garry oak tree, which is known to grow throughout the region.

Oak Bay used to host home games at Patrick Arena for the Victoria Cougars of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) (now Detroit Red Wings). On March 30, 1925, the Cougars defeated and swept the Montreal Canadiens four games to zero to win the Stanley Cup. Patrick Arena was destroyed in a fire shortly after in 1929.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: District of Oak Bay
- **settlement type**: List of district municipalities in British Columbia, District municipality
- **image skyline**: Oak Bay.jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: Boats on the water in Oak Bay
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map**: Vancouver Island#British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin label**: Oak Bay
- **pushpin map caption**: Where Oak Bay is located in British Columbia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Vancouver Island
- **subdivision type3**: Regional districts of British Columbia, Regional district
- **subdivision name3**: Capital Regional District, Capital
- **leader title**: Governing Body
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Kevin Murdoch
- **leader title2**: Current members of the Canadian House of Commons, MP
- **leader name2**: Will Greaves (Liberal Party of Canada, Liberal)
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLA
- **leader name3**: Diana Gibson (politician), Diana Gibson (New Democratic Party of British Columbia, NDP)
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1906
- **area land km2**: 10.52
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 17,990
- **population density km2**: 1,710.1
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 34
- **area code**: Area code 250, 250, Area codes 778, 236, and 672, 778
- **website**: [https://www.oakbay.ca/ District of Oak Bay website]
Squamish, British Columbia

**Squamish** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in both the Howe Sound and Sea-to-Sky Corridor areas and is also in the Squamish-Lillooet regional district.

The population of Squamish was 23,819 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of Squamish is Armand Hurford. It is less than an hour away from both Vancouver and Whistler by highway. It is a popular destination for hiking, mountain biking, and swimming.

Before Europeans arrived, Squamish Indigenous peoples have lived in the area for over thousands of years. The district's traditional name is _Keh Kait_ (_K'emk'emeláy̓_ in Squamish), meaning "the place of many maple trees".

Squamish served as a terminus station for the Canadian Pacific Railway's Royal Hudson service. It traveled from North Vancouver to Squamish and brought tourism to the area. The train service ended serive in 2001 and a train cart from the service is a tourist attraction in Squamish.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: District of Squamish
- **other name**: Newport
- **native name**: Sḵwx̱wú7mesh
- **nickname**: Squampton
- **settlement type**: List of district municipalities in British Columbia, District municipality
- **motto**: No Steps Backwards
- **image skyline**: SquamishMain.jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: Cleveland Avenue in Squamish with Mount Garibaldi appearing in the background
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map**: British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin label**: Squamish
- **pushpin map caption**: Where Squamish is located in British Columbia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Howe Sound/Sea to Sky Country
- **subdivision type3**: Regional districts of British Columbia, Regional district
- **subdivision name3**: Squamish-Lillooet Regional District, Squamish-Lillooet
- **leader title**: Governing Body
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Armand Hurford
- **leader title2**: Current members of the Canadian House of Commons, MP
- **leader name2**: Patrick Weiler
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLA
- **leader name3**: Jeremy Valeriote
- **area total km2**: 104.88
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 23,819
- **population density km2**: 186.1
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 5
- **postal code type**: Forward sortation area
- **postal code**: V8B
- **area code**: Area code 604, 604
- **website**: [https://squamish.ca/ District of Squamish website]
Ashley Williams (designer)

**Ashley Williams** (born 28 July 1988) is a British fashion designer.

## Early life

Williams was born in Dubai. She lived there until she was 12 years old. She went to the University of Westminster and graduated in 2012 with a degree in fashion design.

## Career

Williams showed her first collection in February 2013 with a group called Fashion East. After showing with them for three seasons, she had her own first show at London Fashion Week in September 2014.

In 2014, she won the "Newgen" award from the British Fashion Council. In 2015, she won the "Emerging Designer of the Year" award at the ELLE Style Awards.

Many famous models have worked with her, including Georgia May Jagger. She has also worked with brands like Superga and Red or Dead to create special products.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ashley Williams
- **birth place**: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- **occupation**: Fashion designer
- **education**: University of Westminster
- **known for**: Fashion design
Kevin Thomas (politician)

**Kevin Thomas** is an American lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Thomas served as a member of the New York State Senate from 2019 to 2024. He represented the 6th district, which is located on Long Island.

## Early life and education

Thomas was born in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. His family is from India. He moved to the United States when he was ten years old.

He went to St. John's University for his bachelor's degree. He later earned his Juris Doctor degree from Cooley Law School. Before becoming a politician, he worked as a lawyer helping people with civil rights and legal issues.

## Political career

In 2018, Thomas ran for the New York State Senate. He won a surprise victory against the long-time senator Kemp Hannon. Thomas became the first Indian-American to ever serve in the New York State Senate.

During his time in office, he led the Consumer Protection Committee. He worked on laws to help protect people's private data and information from big companies. He was re-elected in 2020.

In 2024, his district was changed (redistricted), and he finished his term in December 2024.

## Personal life

Thomas lives in Garden City, New York. He is married to his wife, Rincy, and they have one daughter.

## Other websites

- Official New York Senate website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kevin Thomas
- **image**: Senator Thomas Consumer Protection.jpg
- **caption**: Thomas in 2019
- **office**: Member of the New York State Senate
- **district**: 6th
- **term start**: January 1, 2019
- **term end**: December 31, 2024
- **predecessor**: Kemp Hannon
- **successor**: Siela Bynoe
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **birth place**: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- **residence**: Garden City, New York
- **profession**: Attorney
We Are Charlie Kirk

**"We Are Charlie Kirk"** is an AI-generated song credited to Spalexma. It was released on September 16, 2025 to honor the now dead Charlie Kirk. The song is the final track of Spalexma's album _Charlie Kirk Forever Alive_, one of the eighteen Christian-themed albums credited to Spalexma in 2025.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: We Are Charlie Kirk
- **artist**: Spalexma
- **album**: Charlie Kirk Forever Alive
- **released**: September 16, 2025
- **length**: 3:44
- **prev title**: I Will Be Stronger Than Ever
- **prev year**: 2025
- **next title**: Welcome Home Charlie
- **next year**: 2025