juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Martin Luther King III

**Martin Luther King III** (born October 23, 1957) is an American human rights activist and philanthropist. He is the oldest son and oldest living child of civil rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King.

King was the 4th President of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference from 1997 to 2004.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Martin Luther King III
- **image**: Martin Luther King III (6851046046).jpg
- **caption**: King in 2012
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **office1**: 4th President of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
- **predecessor1**: Joseph Lowery
- **successor1**: Fred Shuttlesworth
- **birth place**: Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.
- **children**: 1
- **parents**: Martin Luther King Jr.
Coretta Scott King
- **education**: Morehouse College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **term start1**: 1997
- **term end1**: 2004
- **known for**: Son of Martin Luther King Jr.
Grandson of Martin Luther King Sr.
- **relatives**: Yolanda Denise King (sister)
Dexter King (brother)
Bernice King (sister)
Alveda King (paternal first cousin)
Edythe Scott Bagley (maternal aunt)
Martin Luther King Sr. (grandfather)
Golden angle

In Geometry, the **golden angle** is the smaller of the two angles created by sectioning the circumference of a circle according to the golden ratio into two arcs.

according to algebra, let _a+b_ be the circumference of a circle, divided into a longer arc of length _a_ and a smaller arc of length _b_ such that:

The golden angle is then the angle subtended by the smaller arc of length _b_.
Wendy Rogers (politician)

**Wendy Rogers** (born July 24, 1954) is an American politician. She is a member of the Arizona State Senate from the 6th legislative district since 2021.

She is a supporter of Donald Trump.

Since her election, Rogers has been a controversial person, supporting white nationalists and appearing on TruNews. Rogers is a member of the Oath Keepers, an anti-government militia whose members took part in the 2021 U.S. Capitol attack.

In March 2022, the Republican-controlled Arizona Senate censured her.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Wendy Rogers by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg
- **caption**: Rogers in 2023
- **name**: Wendy Rogers
- **state senate**: Arizona
- **birth place**: Fort Knox, Kentucky, U.S.
- **preceded**: Sylvia Allen
- **term start**: January 11, 2021
- **district**: Arizona 6th Legislative District, 6th
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **branch**: United States Air Force
- **rank**: Lieutenant colonel (United States), Lieutenant Colonel
- **education**: Michigan State University (Bachelor of Social Work, BSW)
University of Alabama (Master of Social Work, MSW)
California State University, San Bernardino (Master of Science, MS)
- **children**: 2
Christopher Luxon

**Christopher Mark Luxon** (born 19 July 1970) is a New Zealand politician and businessman. He is the Prime Minister of New Zealand since 27 November 2023. He is the leader of the New Zealand National Party since 2021. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Botany electorate since 2020. He was the chief executive officer of Air New Zealand from 2012 to 2019.

## References

He is racist

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Christopher Luxon
- **image**: File:LUXON, Christopher - Botany (cropped).png
- **caption**: Campaign portrait, 2023
- **office**: 42nd Prime Minister of New Zealand
- **monarch**: Charles III
- **1namedata**: Cindy Kiro
- **deputy**: Winston Peters
- **term start**: 27 November 2023
- **predecessor**: Chris Hipkins
- **office1**: 40th Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand), Leader of the Opposition
- **primeminister1**: Jacinda Ardern
Chris Hipkins
- **deputy1**: Nicola Willis (politician), Nicola Willis
- **term start1**: 30 November 2021
- **term end1**: 27 November 2023
- **predecessor1**: Judith Collins
- **successor1**: Chris Hipkins
- **office2**: 15th Leader of the New Zealand National Party, Leader of the National Party
- **deputy2**: Nicola Willis (politician), Nicola Willis
- **term start2**: 2021 New Zealand National Party leadership election, 30 November 2021
- **predecessor2**: Judith Collins
- **parliament3**: New Zealand
- **constituency mp3**: Botany (New Zealand electorate), Botany
- **predecessor3**: Jami-Lee Ross
- **majority3**: 3,999
- **term start3**: 17 October 2020
- **birth place**: Christchurch, New Zealand
- **party**: New Zealand National Party, National
- **spouse**: Amanda Luxon
- **children**: 2
- **known for**: Former CEO of Air New Zealand
- **website**: [https://christopherluxon.national.org.nz/ Official website]
- **alma mater**: University of Canterbury (BCom; MCom)
Debbie Ngarewa-Packer

**Debbie Anne Ngarewa-Packer** is a New Zealand politician. She is a Member of Parliament and co-leader of the Māori Party, and is the leader and chief executive of the Ngāti Ruanui iwi.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Debbie Ngarewa-Packer
- **honorific-suffix**: New Zealand House of Representatives, MP
- **order1**: Co-leader of the Māori Party
- **co-leader1**: John Tamihere (April–October 2020)
Co-leader with Rawiri Waititi (October 2020-present)
- **term start1**: 15 April 2020
- **predecessor1**: Marama Fox
- **constituency mp**: Māori Party, Māori Party list
- **parliament**: New Zealand
- **term start**: 17 October 2020
- **birth place**: South Taranaki, New Zealand
- **party**: Māori Party (2020–present)
- **relations**: Married
- **children**: 3
- **occupation**: Business consultant, business director
Karen (slang)

**Karen** is a disparaging term for a white woman who is seen as entitled, privileged, assertive, and/or wanting something that is beyond normal. The term is often seen in memes about white women who some say use their white privilege to get something their own way.

Stereotypes used by ‘Karens’ are wanting to “speak to the manager“, being racist, being rude, or having a bob cut hairstyle.

The term has been seen as ageist, sexist, racist, classist, misogynistic and seeking to control women’s behavior. As of 2020, the term appeared largely in media and social media as a criticism of middle class white women, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic and Black Lives Matter protests.
Bob cut

A **bob cut**, also known as a **bob**, is a short to medium length haircut, in which the hair is usually cut straight around the head at about where the jaw is, but no longer than shoulder-length. It usually has bangs at the front. The standard bob cut shows the back of the neck and keeps all of the hair above the shoulders.

Hairdressers in the 1920s, whose training was mainly in arranging and curling long hair, did not realize that short hairstyles for women had become popular, and many barbers in many cities found lines of women outside their shops, waiting to have short bob cuts.
Danai Gurira

**Danai Jekesai Gurira** (; born February 14, 1978) is an American actress, model and playwright. She is best known for her starring roles as Michonne on the AMC horror drama series _The Walking Dead_ (2012–2020) and as Okoye in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero movies. She also wrote the Broadway play _Eclipsed_, for which she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Play. Gurira has won three Saturn Awards during her career.

Gurira identifies as a Zimbabwean-American. She speaks four languages: French, Shona, basic Xhosa, and English.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Danai Gurira
- **image**: Danai Gurira (48411663897) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Gurira at the 2019 San Diego Comic-Con
- **birth name**: Danai Jekesai Gurira
- **birth place**: Grinnell, Iowa, U.S.
- **education**: Macalester College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
New York University (Master of Fine Arts, MFA)
- **occupation**: Actress, model, playwright
- **years active**: 2004–present
Taihoku Imperial University

**Taihoku Imperial University** is a university in Taipei. It was founded on March 16, 1928. At the time Japan controlled Taiwan. It was renamed National Taiwan University (NTU). After Japan lost the war, the Republic of China took over and made part of it the National Chung Hsing University.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Taihoku Imperial University
- **native name**: 台北帝国大学
- **image**: Taihoku Imperial University.JPG
- **established**: 1928 March
- **closed**: 1945 November
（1945年11月 易名國立臺北大學）
（1945年12月 定名國立臺灣大學）
- **type**: National
- **president**: 幣原坦（首任）
安藤一雄（末任）
- **city**: Taipei
- **country**: Empire of Japan
- **campus**: 富田町 (臺北市), 富田町47番地（總校區）
東門町 (臺北市), 東門町6番地（醫學專門部）
明石町一丁目1番地（附屬醫院）
- **nickname**: 臺北帝大、帝大、臺大
Funland, Rehoboth Beach

**Funland** is a small family owned amusement park in Rehoboth Beach, Delaware. It has 18 rides, as well as midway games, and an arcade. It is located right off the Rehoboth Beach boardwalk. The park opened in 1939 as The Rehoboth Beach Sports Center. It was purchased by the Faschnacht family in 1962, and was renamed Funland. Today, it is still owned and operated by the Fasnacht family. Funland still has some rides that were there when it was purchased. The two oldest rides are The Boats and The Fire Engines. Both of them were likely opened in 1946 or 1947.The park is known for its cheaply priced tickets, its Haunted Mansion ride, which was custom built specifically for Funland, and for being the only amusement park in the state of Delaware.

## History

Before the name was changed to Funland in 1962, the park was known as The Rehoboth Beach Sports Center. It was owned by the Dentino family. On March 6, 1962, nine days before the sale was final, the Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962 started. The storm lasted three days. The Rehoboth Beach Sports Center was one of the few business that were not destroyed by the storm. It was damaged but the Faschnacht family decided they still wanted buy it. Now, excluding during the COVID-19 pandemic, Funland gets between 250,000 and 350,000 visitors each year.

## Rides

Funland has 18 rides, as well as a kids play area. 5 of the 18 rides were there when Funland was purchased. These rides are the Merry Go Round, Boats, Fire Engines, Sky Fighters, and Helicopters.
|Rides|Attraction Type|Year Ride Opened|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Boats|Red Baron|Likely 1946 or 1947|
|Fire Engines|Red Baron|1946 or 1947|
|Merry Go Round|Carousel|1960|
|Sky Fighters|Red Baron|Between 1956 and 1962|
|Cycles|Red Baron|1971|
|Swinger|Swing|1984|
|Kiddie Wheel|Kiddie Ferris Wheel|2005|
|Trucks|Red Baron|2000|
|Cruisers|Music Express|1988|
|Helicopters|Red Baron|1961|
|Crazy Dazys|Teacups|1964|
|Free Spin|Kiddie Drop Tower|2022|
|Paratrooper|Paratrooper|1982|
|Gravitron|Gravitron|1984|
|Bumpler Cars|Bumper Cars|2001|
|Sea Dragon|Pirate Ship|1990|
|Superflip 360|Pendulum|2017|
|Haunted Mansion|Haunted House|1979|

|Former Rides|Attraction Type|Year Removed|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Flying Cages|Swinging Gym|1983|
|Moon Bounce|Inflatable Castle|1978|
|Crack The Whip|The Whip|1977|
|Outdoor Train|Train Ride|1978|
|Chaos|Chaos)|2000|
|Spinning Tubs|Tubs of Fun|1978|
|Wagon Wheel|Wagon Wheel|2011|
|Trabaunt|Wipeout|2011|

## Infobox (amusement park)

- **name**: Funland
- **location**: Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, United States
- **homepage**: https://funlandrehoboth.com/
- **owner**: Al Faschnacht (died 2025)
- **general manager**: Chris Darr
- **operator**: Seaside Amusements
- **opening date**: 1939
- **previous names**: The Rehoboth Beach Sports Center
- **season**: Mother's Day Weekend - Weekend After Labor Day
- **visitors**: 250,000 - 350,000
- **area**: 1 acre
- **rides**: 18, as well as a kids play area
- **slogan**: Today's Fun at Yesterdays Prices
- **status**: Operating
Scinax dolloi

**Werner's Brazilian tree frog** (_Scinax dolloi_) is a frog that lives in Brazil.  Scientists have seen it in exactly one place, in the Mantiqueira Range.
Back Home and Broke

***Back Home and Broke*** is a 1922 American silent comedy movie directed by Alfred E. Green and starring Thomas Meighan, Lila Lee, Frederick Burton, Cyril Ring, Larry Wheat, Eddie Borden, Maude Turner Gordon. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and is a lost movie.
Ebb Tide (1922 movie)

***Ebb Tide*** is a 1922 American silent adventure movie directed by George Melford and is the adaption of the 1894 novel of the same name by Robert Louis Stevenson. It stars Lila Lee, James Kirkwood, Raymond Hatton, George Fawcett, Noah Beery, Jacqueline Logan and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is a lost movie.
Sonia Manzano

**Sonia Manzano** (born 1950) is an American actress, best known for playing Maria in _Sesame Street_.
Zeteny Jano

**Zeteny Jano** (born 13 March 2005) is an Austrian professional footballer. He plays as  midfielder for Austrian Second League club Liefering. He also plays for the FC Salzburg squad in the UEFA Youth League 2021-22 and the U18 team of the Red Bull Academy.

## Club career

He started in Hungary with Soproni VSE and SC Sopron. 2018  he went to SC Lichtenwörth and in the same year to the Red Bull Salzburg Academy where he played in all three teams.

In February 2022 he debuted for FC Liefering when he came in for Luka Reischl in minute 74 versus SKN St. Pölten. He also played five matches for FC Salzburg U19 in the UEFA Youth League 2021-22. In July 2023 he received a contract with Red Bull Salzburg until 2027. He stayed with the farm team.

## International

Jano made his debut in September 2021 against Denmark for the Austrian U-17 team. In September 2022 he made his debut versus Sweden for the U-18 team.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Zeteny Jano
- **image**: FC Liefering gegen First Vienna FC (2022-08-12) 04.jpg
- **fullname**: Zeteny Jano
- **birth place**: Eisenstadt, Austria
- **position**: Midfielder (association football), Midfielder
- **currentclub**: FC Liefering, Liefering
- **clubnumber**: 29
- **youthyears1**: 2011-2013
- **youthclubs1**: Soproni VSE
- **youthyears2**: 2013-2018
- **youthclubs2**: SC Sopron
- **youthyears3**: 2018
- **youthclubs3**: SC Lichtenwörth
- **youthyears4**: 2018-2019
- **youthclubs4**: FC Liefering
- **youthyears5**: 2019–2022
- **youthclubs5**: FC Red Bull Salzburg, Red Bull Salzburg
- **years1**: 2022–
- **clubs1**: FC Liefering, Liefering
- **caps1**: 46
- **goals1**: 7
- **nationalyears1**: 2021
- **nationalteam1**: Austria national under-17 football team, Austria U17
- **nationalcaps1**: 2
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2022–
- **nationalteam2**: Austria national under-18 football team, Austria U18
- **nationalcaps2**: 2
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **club-update**: 30 October 2023
- **nationalteam-update**: 28 September 2022
Senyera

The **Senyera** is a vexillological symbol based on the coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon. This coat of arms is usually called _bars of Aragon._

## Infobox (flag)

- **nickname**: Senyera
- **image**: Flag of Catalonia.svg
- **use**: 110000
- **proportion**: 2:3
- **adoption**: 25 May 1933
Marcell Berki

**Marcell Berki** (born 14 June 2004) is a Hungarian professional footballer. He plays as  forward for Austrian Second League club Liefering. He also plays for the FC Salzburg squad in the UEFA Youth League 2021-22 and the U18 team of the Red Bull Academy.

## Club career

He started in Hungary with Videoton FC. 2019  he went to the Red Bull Salzburg Academy where he played in all three teams.

In February 2022 he debuted for FC Liefering when he came in for Oumar Diakité in minute 74 versus SKN St. Pölten. He also played three matches for FC Salzburg U19 in the UEFA Youth League 2021-22 season.

In July 2022 he received a professional contract with Red Bull Salzburg that ran until June 2026.

## International career

He played for the Hungarian U16 team.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Marcell Berki
- **image**: FC Liefering gegen Grazer AK (2022-04-29) Marcell Berki.jpg
- **fullname**: Marcell Tibor Berki
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **currentclub**: FC Liefering, Liefering
- **clubnumber**: 38
- **youthyears1**: 2011-2018
- **youthclubs1**: Videoton FC
- **youthyears2**: 2018-
- **youthclubs2**: FC Red Bull Salzburg, Red Bull Salzburg
- **years1**: 2022–
- **clubs1**: FC Liefering
- **caps1**: 13
- **goals1**: 1
- **nationalyears1**: 2019
- **nationalteam1**: Hungarian national under-16 football team, Hungary U16
- **nationalcaps3**: 2
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
- **club-update**: 27 April 2022
- **nationalteam-update**: 27 April 2022
Aida Quilcué

**Aída Marina Quilcué Vivas** (born in Páez , Cauca) is a Colombian politician, indigenous leader and social leader of the Nasa people. She belongs to the "Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca" (CRIC). She had been a UNESCO human rights and peace advisor. In 2022, she was elected to be the Senate of the "Republic by the Special Indigenous Constituency". Her party, the Alternative Indigenous and Social Movement (MAIS), was given assurance.

## Activism

In the 1990s, she was a health promoter for the Cauca Indigenous Association (AIC).
In 2000, she was coordinator of the health program at the AIC and at the Regional Indigenous Council of Huila (CRIHU).

Between 2003 and 2009, she was appointed Senior Counselor of the Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca (CRIC). She was one of the organizers of the 2008 Indigenous Minga. In the event, thousands of indigenous people marched to the city of Bogotá in protest. Her husband, Edwin Legarda, died on December 16 in a hospital in Popayán after receiving three rifle shots. Her husband was fired by soldiers on the highway connecting Inzá with Totoró, in the department of Cauca . During the trial and in the following years, Quilcué and her daughter have been victims of death threats and attacks.

## Awards and Honors

In 2021, she was the winner of the National Award for the Defense of Human Rights in Colombia. It was in the category "Defense for a Whole Life".

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Aída Marina Quilcué Vivas
- **image**: Aida Quilcué 2017.jpg
- **native name**: Aída Marina Quilcué Vivas
- **birth name**: Aída Marina Quilcué Vivas
- **birth place**: Cauca, Colombia
- **nationality**: Colombian
- **citizenship**: Colombia
- **occupation**: * UNESCO Human Rights and Peace Advisor
* Politician, Indigenous Leader and Social Leaderof the Nasa people
* Senate of the "Republic by the Special Indigenous Constituency"
* Leader of the "Alternative Indigenous and Social Movement" (MAIS)
* Health Promoter and Health Program Coordinator for the "Cauca Indigenous Association" (AIC)
* Health Program Coordinator for the "Regional Indigenous Council of Huila" (CRIHU)
* Senior Counselor of the "Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca" (CRIC)
- **organization**: * Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca (CRIC)
* Republic by the Special Indigenous Constituency
* Alternative Indigenous and Social Movement (MAIS)
* Cauca Indigenous Association (AIC)
* Regional Indigenous Council of Huila (CRIHU)
- **known for**: * leading the 2008 Indigenous Minga
* winning the National Award for the Defense of Human Rights in Colombia
Joseph Pitton de Tournefort

**Joseph Pitton de Tournefort** (5 June 1656 – 28 December 1708) was a French botanist. He is notable as the first to make a clear definition of the concept of genus for plants. Botanist Charles Plumier was his pupil and accompanied him on his travels. He also said that fungi were plants. Today, they are a class of their own. They are different from plants and animals.
Groovin' Blocks

***Groovin' Blocks*** is a puzzle video game made by Empty Clip Studios. It was released for the Wii in North America on September 8, 2008 as WiiWare and August 11, 2009 on a disc with more content, iOS on October 24, 2009 and the PlayStation 3 on PlayStation Network on March 18, 2010.

## Gameplay

Falling blocks are moved. Blocks disappear if three or more of the same color are next to each other, like in _Columns_ and _Lumines_. Doing it at the same time as the downbeats (named "Superbeats") of the game's electronica soundtrack can multiply the score.

Stars are earned by setting high scores, and are used to unlock songs and power-ups. Unlike most puzzle games, stages end when the song ends.

Two players can play in competitive and co-operative modes. A colorblind option uses shapes instead of colors for the blocks.

## Reception

_Groovin' Blocks_ got mixed reviews when it was released. The Wii version is considered a little better than the PlayStation 3 version, with 75/100 from 13 reviews compared to 68/100 from 6 reviews on Metacritic, and 75.46% with 13 reviews compared to 75.17% with 6 reviews on GameRankings.

IGN said the Wii version of _Groovin' Blocks_ is a fun "one trick pony" and a "pretty impressive" first effort from the developers, giving it a 7.6/10. Siliconera said it is "a deceptively addictive, fun little gem" that is "a great hybrid of the puzzle and music genres".

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Empty Clip Studios
- **publisher**: Zoo Publishing, Sony Online Entertainment
- **released**: **Wii**
**WiiWare**
**iOS**
**PlayStation 3**

- **genre**: puzzle video game, Puzzle
- **modes**: Single-player, Multiplayer video game, Multiplayer
- **platforms**: iPhone OS, Wii, WiiWare, PlayStation Network
Pressure cooker bomb

A **presure cooker bomb** is an improvised explosive device that is obtained by inserting explosives into a pressure cooker. A detonator is also attached to the pressure cooker.
Hannes Adomeit

**Hannes Adomeit** (9 November 1942 – 25 April 2022) was a German political scientist. He worked as a political analyst. He worked with the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies (AICGS) at Johns Hopkins University.

Adomeit was born in Memel. He died on 25 April 2022 in Berlin, aged 79.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hannes Adomeit
- **image**: File:Hannes Adomeit Germany and Russia 25 Years after German Unification (18197699752) (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Klaipėda, Memel, Free State of Prussia, Prussia, Nazi Germany, Germany
- **death place**: Berlin, Germany
- **occupation**: Political scientist, analyst
- **alma mater**: Free University of Berlin
Otto-Suhr-Institut
Columbia University
Shane Yellowbird

**Shane Yellowbird** (July 7, 1979April 25, 2022) was a Canadian country music singer-songwriter.

## Death

Yellowbird had epilepsy and a history of seizures. He died on April 25, 2022 in Calgary, Alberta at the age of 42.

## Singles

|rowspan="2"|Year|rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"|Single|colspan="1"|Peak positions|rowspan="2"|Album|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2005||||||||
|—|rowspan="6"|_Life Is Calling My Name_||||||
|2006||||||||
|—||||||||
|rowspan="2"|2007|||||||
|64||||||||
|85||||||||
|rowspan="2"|2008|||||||
|—||||||||
|—||||||||
|2009||||||||
|99|align="left" rowspan="5"|_It's About Time_||||||
|rowspan="2"|2010|||||||
|—||||||||
|—||||||||
|2011||||||||
|—||||||||
|2012||||||||
|—||||||||
|2013||||||||
|—|align="left"|_Jesus and Hank_||||||
|colspan="4" style="font-size:8pt"|"—" denotes releases that did not chart|||||||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Shane Yellowbird
- **image**: Shane_Yellowbird.jpg
- **caption**: Yellowbird in 2009
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Maskwacis, Hobbema, Alberta, Canada
(now Maskwacis, Alberta)
- **death place**: Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 2005–2022
- **label**: 306 Records, On Ramp
Daniel Dolan

**Daniel Lytle Dolan** (28 May 1951 – 26 April 2022) was an American Catholic sedevacantist bishop. He became a bishop in 1993.

Dolan died on 26 April 2022 at the age of 70.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: bishop
- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency, the Most Reverend
- **image**: Dolan01.jpg
- **caption**: Dolan in 1993
- **name**: Daniel Dolan
- **church**: [http://www.sgg.org Saint Gertrude the Great Church], West Chester Township, Ohio, West Chester, Ohio, U.S.
- **ordination**: 29 June 1976
- **ordained by**: Marcel Lefebvre
- **consecration**: 30 November 1993
- **consecrated by**: Mark Pivarunas
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **alma mater**: The International Seminary of Saint Pius X, Econe, Switzerland
- **motto**: _Zelus domus tuae_ (Zeal for thy house [Ps. 68:10/69:9])
İsmail Ogan

**İsmail Ogan** (5 March 1933 – 26 April 2022) was a Turkish freestyle wrestler and coach. He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Olympics. Ogan won a Silver medal in 1960 and a gold medal in 1964. He also won three medals at the world championships between 1957 and 1963.

Ogan began wrestling in the traditional Turkish yağlı güreş (oil wrestling) style. In 1950. he changed to freestyle wrestling after he was discovered by Yaşar Doğu. Soon after this, he joined thenational team. On the national team, he was trained by Celal Atik and Yaşar Doğu. Ogan retired from competitions in 1964, and worked as a wrestling coach and the national Sports Minister.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **headercolor**: lightblue
- **name**: İsmail Ogan
- **image**: İsmail Ogan, 1964 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Ogan, at the 1964 Olympics
- **birth place**: Antalya, One-party period of the Republic of Turkey, Turkey
- **death place**: Antalya, Turkey
- **sport**: Freestyle wrestling
- **club**: Darai Teheran
- **height**: 170 cm
- **show-medals**: yes
- **medaltemplates**:
Klaus Schulze

**Klaus Schulze** (4 August 1947 – 26 April 2022) was a German electronic music musician and composer. He also used the alias **Richard Wahnfried** and was a member of the Krautrock bands Tangerine Dream, Ash Ra Tempel, and The Cosmic Jokers. Schulze was born in Berlin, Germany.

Schulze died on 26 April 2022 from a long-illness, aged 74.
Bernard Pons

**Bernard Pons** (18 July 1926 – 27 April 2022) was a French politician and medical doctor. He was a member of the Union of Democrats for the Republic from 1971 to 1976 and a member of the Rally for the Republic party after. He was the Minister for Transport from 1995 until 1997. He was an advisor for the Union for a Popular Movement until 2008 after his retirement from active politics in 2002. Pons was also a member of the National Assembly from 1997 until 2002. Pons was born in Béziers, France.

Pons died on 27 April 2022 in Aigues-Mortes, France at the age of 95.
Nikolai Leonov

**Nikolai Sergeyevich Leonov** (; 22 August 1928 – 27 April 2022) was a Russian politician, senior KGB officer, and Latin America expert in the Soviet Union. Leonov was born in Ryazan Oblast, Soviet Union. He was a member of the State Duma from 2003 until 2007.

Leonov died on 27 April 2022 in Moscow, Russia at the age of 93.
Carlos Amigo Vallejo

**Carlos Amigo Vallejo**, O.F.M. (23 August 1934 – 27 April 2022) was a Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal and priest. He was the Archbishop of Seville in the Roman Catholic Church from 1982 until 2009. He was born in Medina de Rioseco, Spain.

He took part as a cardinal elector in the papal conclave in 2013 which elected Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio as Pope Francis.

Amigo Vallejo died on 27 April 2022 in Guadalajara, Spain from heart failure after having lung surgery to treat pulmonary edema, aged 87.

## Other websites

- Biography at catholic-pages.com
- Carlos Amigo Vallejo at Catholic Hierarchy
Medina de Rioseco

**Medina de Rioseco** is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, in the autonomous community of Castile and León and Spain. In 2011, 4,967 people lived here.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Medina de Rioseco
- **nickname**: City of the Admirals
- **image flag**: Bandera de Medina de Rioseco.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of Arms of Medina de Rioseco.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Spain
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous community
- **subdivision name1**: Castile and León
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Valladolid (province), Valladolid
- **subdivision type3**: List of municipalities in Valladolid, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Medina de Rioseco
- **area total km2**: 115
- **elevation m**: 741
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **website**: [http://www.medinaderioseco.com/ www.medinaderioseco.com/]
2013 papal conclave

The **2013 papal conclave** was when cardinals met to elect the pope to replace Pope Benedict XVI after his resignation on 28 February 2013. After the 115 cardinal-electors gathered, they set 12 March 2013 as the beginning of the conclave. On the fifth ballot, the conclave elected Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, SJ, Archbishop of Buenos Aires. He took the pontifical name of _Francis_. It took two days to elected Bergoglio as the next pope.

Angelo Sodano was the dean of this conclave. It was held at the Sistine Chapel in the Apostolic Palace in Vatican City.

## Possible candidates

Besides Bergoglio, the following cardinals were seen as possible candidates for pope:
- Angelo Bagnasco, Archbishop of Genoa
- Timothy M. Dolan, Archbishop of New York
- Péter Erdő, Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest
- Seán Patrick O'Malley, Archbishop of Boston
- Marc Ouellet, Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops
- Gianfranco Ravasi, President of the Pontifical Council for Culture
- Leonardo Sandri, Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
- Odilo Pedro Scherer, Archbishop of São Paulo
- Christoph Schönborn, Archbishop of Vienna
- Angelo Scola, Archbishop of Milan
- Luis Antonio Tagle, Archbishop of Manila
- Peter Turkson, President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace

## Aftermath

Pope Francis celebrated his inauguration on 19 March 2013 and became Bishop of Rome on 7 April.

In October 2013, the Italian weekly magazine _Panorama_ claimed that the United States National Security Agency had targeted cardinals in the conclave for surveillance, including Cardinal Bergoglio. An NSA spokesperson denied this.

## Infobox (papal conclave)

- **month**: March
- **year**: 2013
- **dates**: 12–13 March 2013
- **location**: Sistine Chapel, Apostolic Palace,
Vatican City
- **dean**: Angelo Sodano
- **vicedean**: Roger Etchegaray
- **camerlengo**: Tarcisio Bertone
- **protopriest**: Paulo Evaristo Arns
- **protodeacon**: Jean-Louis Tauran
- **secretary**: Lorenzo Baldisseri
- **candidates**: See _#Papabili, Papabili_
- **ballots**: 5
- **pope elected**: Jorge Mario Bergoglio
- **nametaken**: Francis
- **image**: Pope Francis in March 2013 (cropped3).jpg
- **prevconclave year**: 2005
- **prevconclave link**: 2005 papal conclave
- **nextconclave year**: _2025_
- **nextconclave link**: 2025 papal conclave
2005 papal conclave

The **2005 papal conclave** was when cardinals met to elect a new pope following the death of Pope John Paul II on 2 April 2005. After his death, the cardinals of the Catholic Church who were in Rome met and set a date for the beginning of the conclave to elect his replacement.

After several days of private meetings attended by both cardinal electors and non-voting cardinals, the conclave began on 18 April 2005. It ended the next day after four ballots with the election of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger as the next pope, _Benedict XVI_. Ratzinger himself was the dean of this conclave. It took place at the Sistine Chapel.

### Day one

Nothing is confirmed from this secret voting process and most numbers are guesses.

An anonymous cardinal provided his diary to an Italian journalist in September 2005 and it was published in full in 2011. That source gives the results of the first ballot as:

- Joseph Ratzinger – 47 votes
- Jorge Mario Bergoglio – 10 votes
- Carlo Maria Martini – 9 votes
- Camillo Ruini – 6 votes
- Angelo Sodano – 4 votes
- Oscar Maradiaga – 3 votes
- Dionigi Tettamanzi – 2 votes
- Giacomo Biffi – 1 vote
- Others – 33 votes

### Day two

Second ballot:
- Ratzinger – 65 votes
- Bergoglio – 35 votes
- Sodano – 4 votes
- Tettamanzi – 2 votes
- Biffi – 1 vote
- Others – 8 votes

Third ballot:
- Ratzinger – 72 votes
- Bergoglio – 40 votes
- Darío Castrillón Hoyos – 1 vote
- Others – 2 votes

Fourth ballot:
- Ratzinger – 84 votes
- Bergoglio – 26 votes
- Biffi – 1 vote
- Bernard Francis Law – 1 vote
- Christoph Schönborn – 1 vote
- Others – 2 votes

## Infobox (papal conclave)

- **month**: April
- **year**: 2005
- **dates**: 18–19 April 2005
- **location**: Sistine Chapel, Apostolic Palace,
Vatican City
- **dean**: Joseph Ratzinger
- **vicedean**: Angelo Sodano
- **camerlengo**: Eduardo Martínez Somalo
- **protopriest**: Stephen Kim Sou-hwan
- **protodeacon**: Jorge Medina (cardinal), Jorge Medina
- **secretary**: Francesco Monterisi
- **candidates**: See _#Papabili, Papabili_
- **ballots**: 4
- **pope elected**: Joseph Ratzinger
- **nametaken**: Benedict XVI
- **image**: Бенедикт XVІ (cropped).jpg
- **prevconclave year**: October 1978
- **prevconclave link**: October 1978 papal conclave
- **nextconclave year**: 2013
- **nextconclave link**: 2013 papal conclave
Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga

**Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga, S.D.B.** (born 29 December 1942) is a Honduran Salesian and Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He is the current Archbishop of Tegucigalpa, is the former President of Caritas Internationalis and was President of the Latin American Episcopal Conference (CELAM) from 1995 to 1999.

Rodríguez became a cardinal in 2001.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: cardinal
- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga
- **honorific-suffix**: Salesians of Don Bosco, SDB
- **title**: Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tegucigalpa, Archbishop of Tegucigalpa
- **image**: Cardinal Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga.jpg
- **archdiocese**: Tegucigalpa
- **see**: Tegucigalpa
- **appointed**: 8 January 1993
- **predecessor**: Héctor Enrique Santos Hernández
- **other post**: Cardinal Priest of Santa Maria della Speranza
 Council of Cardinal Advisers, Coordinator of the Council of Cardinals
- **ordination**: 28 June 1970
- **ordained by**: Girolamo Prigione
- **consecration**: 8 December 1978
- **consecrated by**: Gabriel Montalvo Higuera
- **cardinal**: 21 February 2001
- **rank**: Cardinal-Priest
- **birth name**: Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga
- **birth place**: Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- **religion**: Roman Catholic
- **motto**: Mihi Vivere Christus Est
(For to Me to Live is Christ)
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Oscar Andres Rodriguez M.svg


## Infobox (cardinal styles)

- **cardinal name**: Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga
- **dipstyle**: His Eminence
- **offstyle**: Your Eminence
- **see**: Tegucigalpa
- **image**: Coat of arms of Oscar Andres Rodriguez M.svg
- **image size**: 200px
Christoph Schönborn

**Christoph Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert Graf von Schönborn**, O.P. (; born 22 January 1945), is a Bohemian-born Austrian Dominican friar and theologian. He is a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was the Archbishop of Vienna and was the Chairman of the Austrian Bishops' Conference from 1998 until 2020.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Cardinal
- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Christoph Schönborn
- **honorific-suffix**: Ordo Praedicatorum, OP
- **title**: Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal, Archbishop of Vienna
- **image**: Schoenborn 20120616 1.JPG
- **caption**: Cardinal Schönborn in 2012
- **archdiocese**: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna, Vienna
- **see**: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna, Vienna
- **appointed**: 13 April 1995 (Coadjutor)
- **enthroned**: 14 September 1995
- **predecessor**: Hans Hermann Groër
- **ordination**: 27 December 1970
- **ordained by**: Franz König
- **consecration**: 29 September 1991
- **consecrated by**: Hans Hermann Groër Order of St Benedict, OSB
- **cardinal**: 21 February 1998
- **created cardinal by**: Pope John Paul II
- **rank**: Cardinal Priest
- **birth place**: Vlastislav (Litoměřice District), Skalka Castle, Sudetenland, Reichsgau Sudetenland, Nazi Germany, Germany
(now Czech Republic)
- **nationality**: Austrian
- **religion**: Roman Catholic Church
- **parents**: Hugo-Damian, _Graf_ von Schönborn, Eleonore Schönborn
- **motto**: _Vos autem dixi amicos_ (I have called you friends)
— Gospel of John, John 15:15
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Christoph Schönborn.svg


## Infobox (cardinal styles)

- **cardinal name**: Christoph Schönborn
- **dipstyle**: His Eminence
- **offstyle**: Your Eminence
- **relstyle**: His Eminence
- **image**: Coat of arms of Christoph Schönborn.svg
- **image size**: 200px
- **see**: Vienna
Paulo Evaristo Arns

**Paulo Evaristo Arns** OFM (; 14 September 1921 – 14 December 2016) was a Brazilian prelate of the Catholic Church. He was a Cardinal and the Archbishop of São Paulo. He was made cardinal by Pope Paul VI.

He was the last surviving cardinal elevated by Pope Paul VI. (Though Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XVI, is still living, he is no longer a member of the College of Cardinals).

After a long illness he died in a São Paulo hospital on 14 December 2016, aged 95.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: cardinal
- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Paulo Arns
- **honorific-suffix**: OFM
- **image**: Paulo Evaristo Arns (1982).jpg
- **caption**: Paulo Evaristo Arns in 1982
- **see**: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Paulo, São Paulo (Emeritus)
- **title**: Cardinal (Catholic Church), Cardinal, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Paulo, Archbishop Emeritus of São Paulo
- **appointed**: 22 October 1970
- **term start**: 1 November 1970
- **term end**: 9 April 1998
- **ordination**: 30 November 1945
- **ordained by**: José Pereira Alves
- **consecration**: 3 July 1966
- **consecrated by**: Agnelo Rossi
- **cardinal**: 5 March 1973
- **created cardinal by**: Pope Paul VI
- **rank**: Cardinal-Priest
- **predecessor**: Agnelo Rossi
- **successor**: Cláudio Hummes
- **other post**: Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Tuscolana, Cardinal-Priest of Sant’Antonio da Padova in Via Tuscolana
- **birth name**: Paulo Evaristo Arns
- **birth place**: Forquilhinha, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- **death place**: São Paulo, Brazil
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Paulo Evaristo Arns.svg
- **motto**: ex spe in spem
Péter Erdő

**Péter Erdő** (, ; born 25 June 1952) is a Hungarian Cardinal of the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church. He has been the Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest and Primate of Hungary since 2003.

Erdő had been mentioned as a possible candidate to be elected pope during the 2013 papal conclave and again during the 2025 papal conclave.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2012.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Cardinal
- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Péter Erdő
- **title**: Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal
 Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest, Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest
Primate (bishop), The Primate of Hungary
- **image**: Péter Erdő in 2011.jpg
- **caption**: Cardinal Erdő at the St. Stephen's Basilica, Budapest
- **province**: Esztergom-Budapest
- **see**: Esztergom-Budapest
- **appointed**: 7 December 2002
- **enthroned**: 11 January 2003
- **predecessor**: László Paskai, Franciscans, O.F.M.
- **ordination**: 18 June 1975
- **ordained by**: László Lékai
- **consecration**: 5 November 1999
- **consecrated by**: Pope John Paul II
- **cardinal**: 21 October 2003
- **rank**: Cardinal-Priest
- **other post**: Santa Balbina, Cardinal-Priest of S. Balbina
- **previous post**: Titular Bishop of Puppi (1999–2002)
Roman Catholic Diocese of Székesfehérvár, Auxiliary Bishop of Székesfehérvár (1999–2002)
- **birth name**: Péter Erdő
- **birth place**: Budapest, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungary
- **nationality**: Hungarian
- **religion**: Catholic Church
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Péter Erdő.svg
Marc Ouellet

**Marc Armand Ouellet**  (born 8 June 1944) is a Canadian prelate of the Catholic Church. He was made the prefect of the Congregation for Bishops and president of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America in 2010 by Pope Benedict XVI.

He was Archbishop of Quebec and Primate of Canada from 2003 to 2010. He was made a cardinal by Pope John Paul II on 21 October 2003.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Cardinal
- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Marc Ouellet
- **honorific-suffix**: Society of St. Sulpice, PSS
- **image**: Marc Ouellet (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Ouellet in 2012
- **appointed**: 30 June 2010
- **ended**: 30 January 2023
- **predecessor**: Giovanni Battista Re
- **successor**: Robert Francis Prevost
- **ordination**: 25 May 1968
- **ordained by**: Gaston Hains
- **consecration**: 19 March 2001
- **consecrated by**: Pope John Paul II
- **cardinal**: 21 October 2003
- **created cardinal by**: Pope John Paul II
- **rank**: Cardinal (Catholic Church), Cardinal Bishop
- **birth name**: Marc Armand Ouellet
- **birth place**: La Motte, Quebec, Canada
- **religion**: Roman Catholic
- **parents**: Pierre Ouellet and Graziella Michaud
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Marc Ouellet.svg
- **motto**: _Ut omnes unum sint, Ut unum sint_ (That they may be one)
Gianfranco Ravasi

**Gianfranco Ravasi** (born 18 October 1942) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church and scholar. He has been a cardinal since 2010. He has been President of the Pontifical Council for Culture since 3 September 2007.

He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2013 papal conclave that elected Pope Francis.

After ten years at the rank of cardinal deacon, he became a cardinal priest in 2021.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Cardinal
- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Gianfranco Ravasi
- **title**: Pontifical Council for Culture, President of the Pontifical Council for Culture
- **image**: Heydər Əliyev Fondu ilə Müqəddəs Taxt-Tac arasında “Roma katakombalarının bərpasına dair ikitərəfli Saziş”in imzalanması mərasimi (cropped).JPG
- **caption**: Cardinal Ravasi in 2012.
- **appointed**: 3 September 2007
- **predecessor**: Paul Poupard
- **ordination**: 28 June 1966
- **ordained by**: Giovanni Umberto Colombo
- **consecration**: 29 September 2007
- **consecrated by**: Pope Benedict XVI
- **cardinal**: 20 November 2010
- **created cardinal by**: Pope Benedict XVI, Benedict XVI
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Gianfranco Ravasi.svg
- **birth name**: Gianfranco Ravasi
- **birth place**: Merate, Province of Lecco, Kingdom of Italy
- **nationality**: Italian
- **religion**: Roman Catholic
- **alma mater**: Archiepiscopal seminary of Milan
Pontifical Gregorian University
Pontifical Biblical Institute
- **signature**: FirmaRavasiCardinale.jpg
- **motto**: _Praedica Verbum_ ("Preach the Word")
— Second Epistle to Timothy, 2 Timothy 4:2
Leonardo Sandri

**Leonardo Sandri** (born 18 November 1943) is an Argentine Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He has been the Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches since June 2007 and a cardinal since November 2007. On 24 January 2020, Pope Francis approved his election as Vice Dean of the College of Cardinals.

He was mentioned in the press as a possible candidate for election to the papacy at the time of the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI in 2013.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Cardinal
- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Leonardo Sandri
- **title**: Congregation for the Oriental Churches, Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
- **image**: Argentine Cardinal Leonardo Sandri in 2014 (cropped).jpg
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Leonardo Sandri.svg
- **caption**: Cardinal Leonardo Sandri, 11 October 2014
- **appointed**: 9 June 2007
- **predecessor**: Ignatius I Daoud, Ignatius Daoud
- **ordination**: 2 December 1967
- **ordained by**: Juan Carlos Aramburu
- **consecration**: 11 October 1997
- **consecrated by**: Angelo Sodano
- **cardinal**: 24 November 2007
- **created cardinal by**: Pope Benedict XVI
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **nationality**: Argentine people, Argentine
- **religion**: Roman Catholic
- **motto**:
(He [remains] faithful; )
Odilo Scherer

Dom **Odilo Pedro Scherer** (; born 21 September 1949) is a Brazilian cardinal of the Catholic Church. He has been the  Archbishop of São Paulo since March 2007. He was made a cardinal in November 2007. He was mentioned as a possible candidate to replace Benedict XVI in 2013.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: cardinal
- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Odilo Pedro Scherer
- **image**: Odilo Scherer em setembro de 2018 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Scherer on 16 September 2018.
- **church**: Catholic Church in Brazil, Roman Catholic Church
- **archdiocese**: São Paulo
- **see**: São Paulo
- **title**: Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Paulo, Archbishop of São Paulo
- **appointed**: 21 March 2007
- **term start**: 29 April 2007
- **other post**: Sant'Andrea al Quirinale, Cardinal-Priest of Sant’Andrea al Quirinale (2007-)
- **ordination**: 7 December 1976
- **ordained by**: Armando Círio
- **consecration**: 2 February 2002
- **consecrated by**: Cláudio Hummes O.F.M.
- **cardinal**: 24 November 2007
- **created cardinal by**: Pope Benedict XVI
- **rank**: Cardinal-Priest
- **predecessor**: Cláudio Cardinal Hummes O.F.M.
- **birth name**: Odilo Pedro Scherer
- **birth place**: Cerro Largo, Rio Grande do Sul, Cerro Largo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- **nationality**: Brazilian people, Brazilian
- **religion**: Roman Catholic
- **motto**: _In meam commemorationem_ ("In the memory of me")
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Odilo Pedro Scherer.svg
Virginia Foxx

**Virginia Ann Foxx** (_née_ **Palmieri**; June 29, 1943) is an American politician, educator and businesswoman. She is the U.S. representative for  since 2005. Foxx is a member of the Republican Party.

In December 2019, Foxx voted against both articles of impeachment of President Donald Trump.

In December 2020, Foxx was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives to sign an amicus brief in support of _Texas v. Pennsylvania_, which was a lawsuit trying to overturn Joe Biden's victory over Donald Trump.

On January 6, 2021, Foxx was one of 147 Republican lawmakers who voted against the certification of electoral votes from the 2020 presidential election even after the U.S. Capitol attack.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Virginia Foxx
- **image**: Virginia Foxx official photo.jpg
- **office**: Ranking Member of the United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce, House Education and Labor Committee
- **term start**: January 3, 2019
- **predecessor**: Bobby Scott (politician), Bobby Scott (Education and the Workforce)
- **office1**: Chair of the United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce, House Education and the Workforce Committee
- **term start1**: January 3, 2017
- **term end1**: January 3, 2019
- **predecessor1**: John Kline (politician), John Kline
- **successor1**: Bobby Scott (politician), Bobby Scott (Education and Labor)
- **office2**: Republican Conference Secretary of the United States House of Representatives, Secretary of the House Republican Conference
- **leader2**: John Boehner
Paul Ryan
- **term start2**: January 3, 2013
- **term end2**: January 3, 2017
- **predecessor2**: John Carter (Texas politician), John Carter
- **successor2**: Jason T. Smith
- **state3**: North Carolina
- **term start3**: January 3, 2005
- **predecessor3**: Richard Burr
- **office4**: Member of the North Carolina Senate
- **predecessor4**: Alexander Paul Sands III
 Fred Folger Jr.
- **successor4**: John A. Garwood
- **constituency4**: 12th District (1995-2003)
 45th District (2003-2005)
- **term start4**: January 1, 1995
- **term end4**: January 1, 2005
- **birth name**: Virginia Ann Palmieri
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 1
- **education**: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of North Carolina at Greensboro (Master of Arts, MA, Doctor of Education, EdD)
- **signature**: Virginia Foxx signature.png