juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Alan Igglesden

**Alan Paul Igglesden** (8 October 1964 – 1 November 2021) was an English Test cricketer. He played three Test Matches and four One Day Internationals (ODIs) for England between 1989 and 1994 as a fast bowler.

He played most of his first-class cricket career for Kent. He was born in London.

In 1999, Igglesden was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer. He died from the disease in Apperley Bridge, West Yorkshire on 1 November 2021, aged 57.
Wanda Jackson

**Wanda Lavonne Jackson** (born October 20, 1937) is an American singer-songwriter, pianist and guitarist. She became popular in the mid-1950s and 1960s as one of the first popular female rockabilly singers. She is known to many as the "Queen of Rockabilly" or the "First Lady of Rockabilly". Her best known works were "Tears Will Be the Chaser for Your Wine", "A Woman Lives for Love" and "Fancy Satin Pillows".

In 2009, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the category Early Influence.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Wanda Jackson
- **image**: Wandajackson-facingcamera-march1970.jpg
- **caption**: Jackson in 1970
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Wanda Lavonne Jackson
- **alias**: The Queen of Rockabilly
The First Lady of Rockabilly
- **birth place**: Maud, Oklahoma
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals, guitar
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 1955–present
- **label**: Black Country Rock Media
Decca Records
Capitol Records
CMH Records
Third Man Records
- **associated acts**: Elvis Presley, the The Cramps, Cramps, Jack White (musician), Jack White, Imelda May, Hank Thompson (musician), Hank Thompson, Billy Gray, Rosie Flores, Norma Jean (singer), Norma Jean, Adele
- **website**: [http://www.wandajackson.com/ WandaJackson.com]
Conrad Janis

**Conrad Janis** (February 11, 1928 – February 1, 2022) was an American jazz trombonist and actor. He was born in New York City. He starred in _Margie_, _The Brasher Doubloon_, _The Buddy Holly Story_ and in the Goldie Hawn comedy _The Duchess and the Dirtwater Fox_. He also starred as Mindy McConnell's father Frederick on _Mork & Mindy_.

Janis died on February 1, 2022 in Los Angeles, California ten days before his 95th birthday.
Irving Kanarek

**Irving A. Kanarek** (May 12, 1920 – September 2, 2020) was an American criminal defense attorney. He was best known for representing Charles Manson and "Onion Field" killer Jimmy Lee Smith. During the course of the trial he was jailed twice by Judge Older for contempt of court. In his summation, Bugliosi dubbed Kanarek "the Toscanini of Tedium."

Kanarek was born in Seattle. He attended the University of Washington as an undergraduate and Loyola Law School. He was admitted to the California Bar in 1957. His first career was as an aerospace engineer working for North American Aviation (NAA), where he invented a corrosion inhibitor for Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid for the Army's Project Nike.

On July 12, 1954, while employed as a chemical engineer for North American Aviation, Kanarek lost his security clearance when the United States Air Force revoked it. On September 21, 1955 it was restored. He was dismissed from NAA. While employed as a chemical engineer for North American Aviation he was, like many in the McCarthy era, falsely accused of being a communist. Irving lost his security clearance, but after fighting the case in court he cleared his name and had his security clearance restored. He also won his lawsuit for his back pay.

**Legal Tactics**

According to Tate-LaBianca prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi, Kanarek was legendary in Los Angeles courts for his dilatory, obstructionist tactics. In his book, _Helter Skelter_, Bugliosi claimed Kanarek, in a different case, had once objected to a witness identifying himself: Kanarek claimed that the witness’s name was hearsay because the witness had first heard it from his mother.

In the Tate-LaBianca trial, Kanarek objected nine times during opening statements, despite continuous censure by Judge Charles Older. During a later objection, he called witness Linda Kasabian insane, and by the third day of the trial, he had objected more than 200 times. Bugliosi, also wrote of Kanarek as opposing counsel during the Manson case saying, “The press focused on his bombast and missed his effectiveness. He fought as if he were personally on trial." During the course of the trial he was jailed twice by Judge Older for contempt of court. In his summation, Bugliosi dubbed Kanarek "the Toscanini of Tedium."

Kanarek believed fiercely in the constitutional right to counsel, and that everyone was entitled to their day in court. He said, “I would defend a client who I knew was guilty of horrific crimes. They have to be proved guilty. I’ve had cases where people were guilty as hell but they couldn’t prove it. And if they can’t prove it, he’s not guilty. In that case, the person walks free. That’s American justice.”

**Later life and death**

Throughout his later life, Kanarek lived in Orange County, California. He married, had two daughters, and later divorced. Kanarek died at 100 on September 2, 2020 in Orange County, CA.

## Other websites

- The Charles Manson Trial: Other Key Figures
- American Bar Association _The Compleat Lawyer_ article on Kanarek
- _Kaufman v. The Superior Court of Orange County_, No. G020180 on the docket of the Fourth Appellate District, Division Three (Word DOC)
Charles Kay

**Charles Kay** (born **Charles Piff**, 31 August 1930 – 8 January 2025) was an English actor. He was known for his stage roles with the Royal Shakespeare Company.

Kay was known for his roles in _Jennie: Lady Randolph Churchill_, _Fall of Eagles_, _I, Claudius_, _The Devils Crown,_ _To Serve Them All My Days_, _By the Sword Divided_, _Fortunes of War_, _Rumpole of the Bailey_, _The Citadel_, _Edge of Darkness_, _The Darling Buds of May_, _Jonathan Creek_, _Hetty Wainthropp Investigates_, _Holby City_, _Midsomer Murders_ and _The Casebook of Sherlock Holmes_ story "The Creeping Man".

Kay died on 8 January 2025, at the age of 94.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Charles Kay
- **birth name**: Charles Piff
- **birth place**: Coventry, Warwickshire, England, UK
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1958–2024
Yaphet Kotto

**Yaphet Frederick Kotto** (November 15, 1939 – March 15, 2021) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in NBC television series _Homicide: Life on the Street_ (1993–99) as Lieutenant Al Giardello. His movie roles include the science-fiction/horror movie _Alien_ (1979), _The Running Man_ (1987). He played the main villain Dr. Kananga/Mr. Big in the James Bond movie _Live and Let Die_ (1973).

He appeared opposite Robert De Niro in the comedy thriller _Midnight Run_ (1988) as FBI agent Alonzo Mosely.

Kotto died on March 15, 2021 in Manila, Philippines at the age of 81.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Yaphet Kotto
- **image**: Yaphet Koto.jpg
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **death place**: Manila, Philippines
- **years active**: 1963–2014
- **birth name**: Yaphet Frederick Kotto
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Actor
- **spouse**:
Antoinette Pettyjohn (m. 1975 – 1996) (divorced, 2 children)
 (divorced, 3 children)
Steffan Lewis

**Steffan Lewis** (1984 – 11 January 2019) was a Welsh politician. He was elected to the National Assembly for Wales in the 2016 election. He represented the electoral region of South Wales East as a member of Plaid Cymru.

In December 2017, Lewis was diagnosed with terminal bowel cancer. He died on 11 January 2019 from the disease, aged 34.
Henry Lincoln

**Henry Lincoln** (born **Henry Soskin**; 12 February 1930 – February 2022) was a British author, television presenter, scriptwriter and actor. He was born in London. He co-wrote three _Doctor Who_ multi-part serials in the 1960s and inspired three Chronicle BBC Two documentaries on the alleged "mysteries" surrounding the French village of Rennes-le-Château.

Lincoln was known for his book series _The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail_, which became the inspiration for Dan Brown's 2003 best-selling novel, _The Da Vinci Code_.

Lincoln died in February 2022, aged 92.

## Other websites

- "The Code War", 24 February 2006, _The Scotsman_
- Rennes le Chateau FAQ – Interview with Lincoln
- _Behind the Da Vinci Code_, 2006 History Channel video documentary primarily about Lincoln's involvement. Produced and directed by Ian Bremner
- "The Priory of Sion", 30 April 2006 segment on 60 Minutes
Josep Lluís Núñez

**José Luis Núñez Clemente** (7 September 1931 – 3 December 2018) was a Spanish businessman and politician. He was president of FC Barcelona between 1978 and 2000. Núñez used to own the _Núñez i Navarro_ construction company and _Núñez i Navarro Hotels_ chain. He was elected club president on 1 July 1978. His main objectives were to establish Barça as a world class sports club and to give the club financial stability. He was born in Guriezo, Cantabria.

In July 2011, Núñez was sentenced to six years in jail following conviction on a series of fraud charges. The sentence was appealed and Núñez was allowed bail. In November 2014, he entered in jail.

Núñez died on 3 December 2018 in Barcelona at the age of 87.
Read my lips: no new taxes

"**Read my lips: no new taxes**" is a phrase spoken by then-American presidential candidate George H. W. Bush at the 1988 Republican National Convention as he accepted the nomination on August 18. It was written by speechwriter Peggy Noonan, and was in the statement

The statement was a promise not to tax the American people further. The impact of the election promise was considerable, and many supporters of Bush believe it helped him win the 1988 presidential election. Though during his presidency, Bush raised taxes and many believed this phrase helped Bill Clinton defeat Bush in the 1992 presidential election.
Michele Carey

**Michele Carey** (born **Michele Lee Henson**, February 26, 1943 – November 21, 2018) was an American actress. She was known for her role as Josephine "Joey" MacDonald in the 1966 movie _El Dorado_. She appeared in movies in the 1960s and 1970s. She was born in Annapolis, Maryland. She also starred in _Live a Little, Love a Little_ (1968), _The Sweet Ride_ (1968), and _Dirty Dingus Magee_ (1970).

Carey died in Newport Beach, California on November 21, 2018 at the age of 75.
Cecil County, Maryland

**Cecil County** is a county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, the population was 103,725. The county seat is Elkton.
Cecil is named after Cecil Calvert, the first Proprietary Governor of the Province (colony) of Maryland.
Kaal Bhairav Rahasya 2

***Kaal Bhairav Rahasya*** (season 2) is an Indian television soap opera thriller series.
The series will be produced by Ravi Garahni and directed by Dharmesh Shah. It premiered in 2018, broadcast on Star Bharat.
It stars Gautam Rode and Additi Gupta in the lead roles.

## Cast

- Gautam Rode
- Additi Gupta

## Infobox (television)

- **creator**: Ravi Garahni
- **developer**: Ravi Garahni
- **genre**: Thriller (genre), Thriller
Indian soap opera
- **producer**: Ravi Garahni
- **director**: Dharmesh Shah
- **language**: Hindi Language, Hindi
- **location**: Mumbai
India
- **country**: India
- **num episodes**: 120
- **num seasons**: 2
- **network**: Star Bharat
- **camera**: Multi-camera
Common wood pigeon

The **common wood pigeon** (_Columba palumbus_) is a large species of pigeon. It is found mostly in Europe but also in western Asia. They are related to the rock dove.

## Food

Wood pigeons eat many things, mainly plants such as grains, berries, and nuts. Because of this, they are seen as pests. Wood pigeons feed their babies on crop milk to help them grow. This causes them to grow very large.

## Description

The wood pigeon is mostly grey, with large white patches on both sides of the neck. They are some of the largest pigeons in the Columbidae (pigeon and dove) family.

## Related pages

- Pigeon
Searcy County, Arkansas

**Searcy County** is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,828. The county seat is Marshall. It was founded on December 13, 1838.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Searcy County
- **state**: Arkansas
- **founded year**: 1838
- **founded date**: December 13
- **seat wl**: Marshall
- **largest city wl**: Marshall
- **area total sq mi**: 669
- **area land sq mi**: 666
- **area water sq mi**: 2.4
- **area percentage**: 0.4
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 7828
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **ex image**: SEARCY COUNTY COURTHOUSE.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Searcy County Courthouse
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: Richard Searcy
Sevier County, Arkansas

**Sevier County** is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,839. The county seat is De Queen. It was founded on October 17, 1828.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Sevier County
- **state**: Arkansas
- **founded year**: 1828
- **founded date**: October 17
- **seat wl**: De Queen
- **largest city wl**: De Queen
- **area total sq mi**: 581
- **area land sq mi**: 565
- **area water sq mi**: 16
- **area percentage**: 2.8
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 15839
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **ex image**: De Queen August 2018 25 (Sevier County Courthouse).jpg
- **ex image size**: 250px
- **ex image cap**: The Sevier County Courthouse is located in De Queen
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: Ambrose Hundley Sevier
Sharp County, Arkansas

**Sharp County** is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,271. The county seat is Ash Flat. The county was created on July 18, 1868, and named for Ephraim Sharp, a state legislator from the area.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Sharp County
- **state**: Arkansas
- **ex image**: Sherman Bates House.JPG
- **ex image size**: 220px
- **ex image cap**: Sherman Bates House in Hardy, Arkansas.
- **founded year**: 1868
- **founded date**: July 18
- **named for**: Ephraim Sharp
- **seat wl**: Ash Flat
- **largest city wl**: Cherokee Village
- **area total sq mi**: 606
- **area land sq mi**: 604
- **area water sq mi**: 2.0
- **area percentage**: 0.3
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 17271
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **web**: http://sharpcounty.arkansas.gov/
- **time zone**: Central
St. Francis County, Arkansas

**St. Francis County** is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,090. The county seat is Forrest City. The county was founded on October 13, 1827, and named for the St. Francis River.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Saint Francis County
- **state**: Arkansas
- **ex image**: 20160414 131703484 iOS.jpg
- **ex image size**: 220px
- **ex image cap**: St. Francis County Museum in Forrest City, Arkansas.
- **founded year**: 1827
- **founded date**: October 13
- **seat wl**: Forrest City
- **largest city wl**: Forrest City
- **area total sq mi**: 643
- **area land sq mi**: 635
- **area water sq mi**: 7.7
- **area percentage**: 1.2
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 23090
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: St. Francis River
Stone County, Arkansas

**Stone County** is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 12,359. The county seat is Mountain View. It was founded on April 21, 1873.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Stone County
- **state**: Arkansas
- **founded year**: 1873
- **founded date**: April 21
- **seat wl**: Mountain View
- **largest city wl**: Mountain View
- **area total sq mi**: 609.43
- **area land sq mi**: 606.59
- **area water sq mi**: 2.84
- **area percentage**: 0.5
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 12359
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **ex image**: Stone County Courthouse 001.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Stone County courthouse in Mountain View
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: rock formations in the area
Van Buren County, Arkansas

**Van Buren County** is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 15,796. The county seat is Clinton. The county was formed on November 11, 1833, and named for Martin Van Buren, 8th President of the United States (1837–1841).

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Van Buren County
- **state**: Arkansas
- **ex image**: File:Van Buren County Courthouse in Clinton, Arkansas.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Van Buren County Courthouse in Clinton
- **founded year**: 1833
- **founded date**: November 11
- **seat wl**: Clinton
- **largest city wl**: Clinton
- **area total sq mi**: 724
- **area land sq mi**: 708
- **area water sq mi**: 16
- **area percentage**: 2.2
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 15796
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: Martin Van Buren
- **web**: http://www.vanburencountyark.com/
White County, Arkansas

**White County** is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 76,822. The county seat is Searcy. It was founded on October 23, 1835.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: White County
- **state**: Arkansas
- **seal size**: 150
- **flag**: White-county-flag.jpg
- **flag size**: 150
- **founded year**: 1835
- **founded date**: October 23
- **seat wl**: Searcy
- **largest city wl**: Searcy
- **area total sq mi**: 1042
- **area land sq mi**: 1035
- **area water sq mi**: 7.1
- **area percentage**: 0.7
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 76822
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **web**: http://www.whitecountyar.org/
- **ex image**: WhiteCoARCourthouse.JPG
- **ex image cap**: White County Courthouse and Confederate monument in Searcy
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: Hugh Lawson White
Woodruff County, Arkansas

**Woodruff County** is a county in the Arkansas Delta of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,269. The county seat is Augusta.  It was founded on November 26, 1862.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Woodruff County
- **state**: Arkansas
- **founded year**: 1862
- **founded date**: November 26
- **seat wl**: Augusta
- **largest city wl**: Augusta
- **area total sq mi**: 594
- **area land sq mi**: 587
- **area water sq mi**: 7.2
- **area percentage**: 1.2
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 6269
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **web**: https://woodruffcounty.arkansas.gov/
- **ex image**: Woodruff County Courthouse 005.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Woodruff County courthouse in Augusta
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: William E. Woodruff (politician), William E. Woodruff
Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska

**Northwest Arctic Borough** is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,793. The borough seat is Kotzebue. The borough was created on June 2, 1986.
Lauwil

**Lauwil** is a municipality of the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lauwil
- **image photo**: Lauwil02.JPG
- **municipality name**: Lauwil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Coat of arms of Lauwil.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Lauwil.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Basel-Landschaft
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BL
- **district**: Waldenburg (district), Waldenburg
- **postal code**: 4426
- **municipality code**: 2889
- **area**: 7.27
- **elevation**: 633
- **website**: www.lauwil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beinwil, Solothurn, Beinwil (SO), Bretzwil, Mümliswil-Ramiswil (SO), Nunningen (SO), Reigoldswil
Bandama River

The **Bandama River** is the longest river in the Ivory Coast, with a length of about .
Liedertswil

**Liedertswil** (Swiss German: _Tschoppehof_) is a municipality in the district Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Liedertswil
- **image photo**: Liedertswil 278.JPG
- **municipality name**: Liedertswil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Liedertswil.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Liedertswil.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Basel-Landschaft
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BL
- **district**: Waldenburg (district), Waldenburg
- **postal code**: 4436
- **municipality code**: 2890
- **area**: 1.94
- **elevation**: 629
- **website**: www.liedertswil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Oberdorf, Basel-Landschaft, Oberdorf, Reigoldswil, Titterten, Waldenburg, Switzerland, Waldenburg
Münchenstein

**Münchenstein** (Swiss German: _Minggestai_) is a municipality in Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Clubs named in the website IGOM

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Münchenstein
- **image photo**: 2010-08-25 birswasserfall.jpg
- **municipality name**: Münchenstein
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Münchenstein COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Münchenstein.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Basel-Landschaft
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BL
- **district**: Arlesheim (district), Arlesheim
- **postal code**: 4142
- **municipality code**: 2769
- **area**: 7.18
- **elevation**: 297
- **website**: www.muenchenstein.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Arlesheim, Basel (BS), Muttenz, Reinach, Basel-Landschaft, Reinach
Alicia, Arkansas

**Alicia** is a town in the US state of Arkansas. In 2020, the population was 143 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Alicia, Arkansas
- **settlement type**: Town (Arkansas), Town
- **image map**: File:Lawrence County Arkansas Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Alicia Highlighted 0500700.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Alicia in Lawrence County, Arkansas.
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Arkansas, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Arkansas
- **subdivision name2**: Lawrence County, Arkansas, Lawrence
- **area total km2**: 1.12
- **area total sq mi**: 0.43
- **area land km2**: 1.12
- **area land sq mi**: 0.43
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 253
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 143
- **population density km2**: 127.84
- **population density sq mi**: 331.02
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 72410
- **area code**: Area code 870, 870
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 05-00700
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0045823
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Ugo De Censi

**Ugo De Censi Scarafoni** (January 26, 1924 – December 2, 2018) was an Italian-Peruvian priest. He was born in Polaggia, Italy. He was the founder of Operazione Mato Grosso _(Operation Mato Grosso)_. He was the parish priest of San Martin Pope Chacas, Ancash, Asunción, Peru from 1976 until his death in 2018.

De Censi died on December 2, 2018 in Lima, Peru at the age of 94.
Markus Beyer

**Markus Beyer** (28 April 1971 – 3 December 2018) was a German professional boxer. He was born in Erlabrunn, East Germany. Beyer won the WBC super middleweight title.

Beyer was an amateur he represented Germany at the 1992 and 1996 Olympics in the light middleweight division. He also won a bronze medal at the 1995 World Amateur Boxing Championships and silver at the 1996 European Amateur Boxing Championships.

Beyer died on 3 December 2018 in Berlin at the age of 47.
Selma Engel-Wijnberg

**Selma Engel-Wijnberg** (born **Saartje (Selme) Wijnberg**; 15 May 1922 – 4 December 2018) was a Dutch Jewish Holocaust survivor. She successfully escaped from Sobibor extermination camp after 3 months of imprisonment and survived the war. Engel-Wijnberg moved to the Netherlands then Israel at the end of the war she later moved to the United States with her family in 1957. She returned to Europe only to testify against the war criminals of Sobibor.

Engel-Wijnberg died in Branford, Connecticut on 4 December 2018 at the age of 96.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Selma Engel-Wijnberg
- **image**: Koninklijke onderscheiding voor Selma Engel-Wijnberg (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Selma Engel-Wijnberg in 2010
- **birth name**: Saartje (Selme) Wijnberg
- **birth place**: Groningen (city), Groningen, Netherlands
- **death place**: Branford, Connecticut, U.S.
- **children**: 3
- **awards**: Knight of the Order of Oranje-Nassau
Boolean data type

A **Boolean data type** is a data type that can be either one of these two values: true or false. It was originally added to the C++ language by the ISO/ANSI(International Standards Organization/American National Standards Organization) committee in 1998. The expressions are named after the English mathematician George Boole, who formulated rules for mathematical logic. Boolean expressions also end up with a value of either true or false. Boolean expressions are used in branching and looping statements. In programming, a boolean can be used with conditional statements (statements that only happen when the right condition is met).

## Examples

An example of a boolean in pseudocode:

Boolean data types can also be used with other booleans inside of conditional statements using a conjunction operator. For example:

It can also be used with a disjunction operator:
Nika Rurua

**Nikoloz Rurua** (, 17 March 1968 – 4 December 2018) was a Georgian politician. He was a member of the Cabinet of Georgia as Minister of Culture and Monument Protection of Georgia from 10 December 2008 until 25 October 2012 during the Mikheil Saakashvili presidency. He was born in Tbilisi, Georgia.

Rurua died of a heart attack at his Tbilisi apartment on 4 December 2018, aged 50.
Philip Bosco

**Philip Michael Bosco** (September 26, 1930 – December 3, 2018) was an American actor. He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. He was known for his Tony Award-winning role as Saunders in the 1989 production of _Lend Me a Tenor_. He was a regular actor in the _Law & Order_ television series and in the FX series _Damages_. His last movie role was as Mr. O'Brien in the 2005 comedy movie _Hitch_.

Bosco died at his home in Haworth, New Jersey of complications from dementia on December 3, 2018 at the age of 88.
Bennington County, Vermont

**Bennington County** is a county of Vermont in the United States. At the 2020 census, 37,347 people lived there. The shire towns (county seats) are Bennington and Manchester.
Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska

**Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area** is a census area located in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,753. It is part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest communities are Craig and Metlakatla.
Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska

**Southeast Fairbanks Census Area** is a census area in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,808. It is part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest communities are Deltana and Tok, both unincorporated CDPs.
Valdez–Cordova Census Area, Alaska

The **Valdez–Cordova Census Area** was a census area in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,636. It was part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore had no borough seat. Its largest communities were Valdez and Cordova.

In January 2019, the United States Census Bureau, in cooperation with the state of Alaska, divided the area into two new census areas.
- Chugach, covering coastal regions
- Copper River, covering inland regions
Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska

**Kusilvak Census Area**, formerly known as **Wade Hampton Census Area**, is a census area in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,368. It is part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest community is the city of Hooper Bay, on the Bering Sea coast.
Petersburg Census Area, Alaska

**Petersburg Census Area** was a census area in the U.S. state of Alaska. It was part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore had no borough seat. Its largest community was Petersburg. The population was 3,815 at the 2010 census. It was previously known as the Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area until June 1, 2008, when Wrangell, formerly a part of the census area, was incorporated as a city-and-borough.

In 2013, it became part of the new Petersburg Borough.
Petersburg Borough, Alaska

**Petersburg Borough** is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska.  According to the 2020 census, the population was 3,398. The borough seat is Petersburg.  Petersburg is the most recently created county equivalent in the United States.

The borough was incorporated in 2013, it took area from the Hoonah–Angoon Census Area and the former Petersburg Census Area. The remaining part of Petersburg Census Area (including Kake) was added to Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area. It was created in 2008 from the remaining part of Wrangell–Petersburg Census Area upon the incorporation of the City and Borough of Wrangell.
Canadian Eskimo Dog

The **Canadian Eskimo Dog** is an Arctic breed of working dog. Another name for it is _qimmiq_, and it was brought to North America from Siberia by the Thule people.

## Infobox (dog breed)

- **image**: Spoonsced.jpg
- **name**: Canadian Eskimo Dog
- **country**: Canada
- **coat**: thick and dense, soft undercoat, stiff guard hairs, mane of thicker fur around the neck
- **colour**: about any colour, with or without special markings
- **kc name**: Canadian Kennel Club
- **kc std**: https://web.archive.org/web/20141129024828/http://www.ckc.ca/en/Files/Forms/Shows-Trials/Breed-Standards/Group-3-Working/CED-Canadian-Eskimo-Dog
- **fcistd**: http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/211g05-en.pdf
Refresh rate

A **refresh rate** is the number of times a new image is shown on a screen (such as a television or computer monitor) per second. It is measured in hertz (Hz), which is a measurement of frequency. This means that a screen with a refresh rate of 60 Hz will show 60 images per second. The refresh rate is related to another measurement, the frame rate or frames per second (fps). In relation to a screen, the frame rate is how many images a device (such as a computer) is sending to the screen per second to be shown on the screen.

If a device is running at 30 frames per second, and the screen has a refresh rate of 60 Hz, then 30 images per second will be shown to the viewer. Even though the screen can display more images per second, it is only getting 30 images per second from the device. However, the device runs at 120 frames per second, then only 60 images per second will be shown on the screen. This is because the screen can not display more than 60 images per second (its refresh rate).

As the refresh rate of a screen increases, the amount of images shown also increases. This can make the picture shown on the screen clearer, avoiding motion blur. (Motion blur is when something moves very fast, and it looks blurry. If a screen can not show images fast enough to keep up with an object, motion blur might happen.) Many televisions and computer monitors run at 60 Hz. This is a very common refresh rate. Because 60 frames per second is a common frame rate, 60 Hz monitors can show most things very clearly. However, some people want to have a higher refresh rate, because they use things like video games or very high quality videos, which can have much higher frame rates. Many screens have 120 Hz, 144 Hz , or 240 Hz refresh rates for this reason.
Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska

**Ketchikan Gateway Borough** is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,948. The borough seat is Ketchikan.
Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska

**Kodiak Island Borough** is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,101. The borough seat is Kodiak. The borough is located on Kodiak Island and has the same boundaries as the Kodiak Archipelago.
Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska

**Lake and Peninsula Borough** is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,476. The borough seat of King Salmon is located in neighboring Bristol Bay Borough, although is not the seat of that borough. The most populous community in the borough is the city of Newhalen.
Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska

**Matanuska-Susitna Borough** (often referred to as the **Mat-Su Borough**) is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population was 107,801. The borough seat is Palmer, and largest city is Wasilla.

## Other websites

- Official government website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Matanuska-Susitna Borough
- **state**: Alaska
- **ex image**: A048, Denali National Park, Alaska, USA, Ruth Glacier and the Great Gorge, 2002.jpg
- **ex image size**: 220px
- **ex image cap**: Ruth Glacier
- **named for**: Matanuska River and Susitna River
- **founded year**: 1964
- **founded date**: January 1
- **founded title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **seat wl**: Palmer
- **largest city wl**: Knik-Fairview
- **city type**: CDP
- **area total sq mi**: 25258
- **area land sq mi**: 24608
- **area water sq mi**: 650
- **area percentage**: 2.6%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 107801
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **web**: www.matsugov.us
- **time zone**: Alaska
Imboden, Arkansas

**Imboden** is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Bogosort

The **Bogosort** is considered one of the worst sorting algorithms. It works by creating random arrangements of given values and randomly moving them until they are sorted. It is not effective for any form of sorting.

## Algorithm

The Bogosort first takes in a set of values from a user. Next it randomly arranges these values.
If the values are now in a sorted order, then the function is finished, else the function repeats itself.

A working analogy for the Bogosort is to sort a deck of cards by throwing them into the air, picking them up at random, and repeating the process until they are sorted.

## Implementation

1. Have a set of values to test.
1. Sort using Bogo (Randomly arrange values).
1. Check if the new arrangement of values is sorted.
1. If sorted, then end the function.
1. If not sorted, then repeat step 2.

## Simple Example

Array = (3,1 ,5 ,7 ,8 ,9)

1st shuffling = (1,3,7,8,9,5)

2nd shuffling = (3,7,8,6,9,1)

3rd shuffling = (7,6,3,8,9,1)

4th shuffling = (6,7,8,9,3,1)

5th shuffling = (3,6,7,8,9,1)

(continued shuffling) ...

(After final shuffling): Sorted Array = (1,3,6,7,8,9)

## Coding Example

The following code is done in Python 3:
Coat of arms of Peru

The **Coat of arms of Peru** is the national symbolic emblem of Peru. Four types are used: the Coat of Arms (**'); the National Coat of Arms, or National Shield (**'); the Great Seal of the State (**'); and the Naval Coat of Arms (**').

## Infobox (coat of arms)

- **name**: Coat of arms of Peru
- **image**: Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
- **image width**: 250
- **middle**: Escudo de armas del Perú (versión alternativa).svg
- **middle width**: 250
- **middle caption**: The Coat of arms (**') as used in the centered on the white band of the National flag.
- **armiger**: Republic of Peru
- **year adopted**: 25 February 1825
- **crest**: Holm oak civic crown
- **shield**: Per fess, the first per pale azure and argent in dexter a vicuña counter-statant proper and in sinister a cinchona tree also proper, the second gules, a cornucopia with coins spilling from it.
- **supporters**: Two Flag of Peru, National Flags of Peru and two standards on each side.
- **other elements**: When used on the National Flag, the Coat of arms (**') is surrounded by a wreath of palm branch one on the left and a Bay Laurel, laurel one on the right tied by a red and white ribbon.
Anwil

**Anwil** is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Anwil
- **image photo**: Anwil Bauernhaus.jpg
- **municipality name**: Anwil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Coat of arms of Anwil.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Anwil.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Basel-Landschaft
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BL
- **district**: Sissach (district), Sissach
- **postal code**: 4469
- **municipality code**: 2841
- **area**: 3.96
- **elevation**: 315
- **website**: www.anwil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Kienberg, Switzerland, Kienberg (SO), Oltingen, Rothenfluh, Wenslingen, Wittnau (AG)
Rothenfluh

**Rothenfluh** is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Rothenfluh
- **image photo**: Rothenfluh 776.jpg
- **municipality name**: Rothenfluh
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Coat of arms of Rothenfluh.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Rothenfluh.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Basel-Landschaft
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BL
- **district**: Sissach (district), Sissach
- **postal code**: 4467
- **municipality code**: 2858
- **area**: 10.93
- **elevation**: 471
- **website**: www.rothenfluh.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Anwil, Hemmiken, Oltingen, Ormalingen, Wegenstetten (AG), Wenslingen, Wittnau (AG)
Nusshof

**Nusshof** is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Nusshof
- **municipality name**: Nusshof
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Coat of arms of Nusshof.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Nusshof.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Basel-Landschaft
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BL
- **district**: Sissach (district), Sissach
- **postal code**: 4453
- **municipality code**: 2854
- **area**: 1.72
- **elevation**: 543
- **website**: www.nusshof.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Hersberg, Magden (AG), Sissach, Wintersingen
The Rachel Maddow Show

***The Rachel Maddow Show*** (also abbreviated ***TRMS***) is a daily news and opinion television program that airs on MSNBC, running in the 9:00 pm ET timeslot Monday through Friday. It is hosted by Rachel Maddow, who gained popularity with her frequent appearances as a liberal pundit on various MSNBC programs. It is based on her former radio show of the same name. The show debuted on September 8, 2008.

## Other websites

- Send it to Rachel!

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Political news / opinion program
- **director**: Rob Katko
- **presenter**: Rachel Maddow
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English
- **num episodes**: 1500+
- **executive producer**: Cory Gnazzo
- **producer**: Steve Benen
- **location**: New York City
- **camera**: Multi-camera
- **runtime**: 60 minutes
- **channel**: MSNBC
- **last aired**: present
Procedural animation

**Procedural animation** refers to rule-based or algorithmic methods of creating computer graphics animation.

## Procedural animation vs. traditional animation

With traditional animation method,  principal animation poses are specified by an animator at a specific point in the animation timeline. By setting these poses, an animator can artistically direct how the geometry will be framed in some key events. These poses are in the same sense as how a person may pose for a photography session. Shapes and objects in computer graphics are considered as _geometry_. With key events specified, the animation software will then automatically fill the intermediary motions between key points, thereby creating continuous motion throughout the timeline without requiring additional works by an animator.

_Procedural animation_ is a rule-base approach to creating animations. These rules are typically some form of mathematical or statistical functions which tell the animation software how an object is to be animated. In order for the geometry to be animated, these functions typically require some form of time-based variable as its input. Therefore, one can apply a chain of logical rules and algorithms to create animations without manually specify any key poses.

## Procedural modeling

In computer graphics, _modeling_ refers to an act of digitally sculpting a model. P_rocedural modeling_ then refers to same rule-based, algorithmic approach to creating geometry. Procedural modeling differs from procedural animation in that a time-based variable is not required.

## Proceduralism

Amongst some animators within the computer graphics industry, procedural modeling and animation method is also known as _proceduralism_.

## Advantages and disadvantages of proceduralism

In order to maximize artistic impact of their craft, animators employ traditional animation techniques to set poses manually at a specific point in time. When the objects to be animated become significantly more complex, traditional animation techniques may not be feasible. Therefore, _proceduralism_ offers significant advantage as complexities increase significantly. While _proceduralism_ enables its practitioners to create infinite variation of models and animations, specific key pose is often left as random chance. Computer graphics animators must decide between the combinations of both techniques in order to achieve the desired outcome.

## Applications of procedural animation

_Procedural animation_ is used extensively in visual effects for movie and gaming industry where animation data and geometry must be generated with certain random probability in order to simulate the physical world.
Pygame

**Pygame** is a programming library for Python to make video games. It can do computer graphics and sound.

## Scripting

With Pygame, one can make 2D games. 3D games are not possible to make.
Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences

The **Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences** is an academic unit of University of California, Irvine (UCI). The school of ICS consists of three departments: Computer Science, Informatics, and Statistics. It is also the only computer science dedicated school within the UC system.

University of California, Irvine's School of ICS has three departments: Computer Science, Informatics, and Statistics. It's the only computer science school in UC system. In 2004, Donald Bren donated $20 million and in his honor, the school was renamed after his name, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences.

## History

The Department of ICS was first established as an independent department back in 1968, and in 2002 it was officially declared as a school.

During 2004, the school received an anonymous donation of $20 million, and the donor was later revealed to be Donald Bren. Because of his generous act, the school was then renamed after him “Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences”.

### Undergraduate

Donald Bren offers 8 undergraduate majors-

- Biomedical Computing
- Business Information Management
- Computer Game Science
- Computer Science & Engineering
- Computer Science
- Informatics
- Information and Computer Science
- Software Engineering

ICS school also offers certifies specialization within the major-

- Artificial Intelligence
- Computer System
- Implementation and Analysis of Algorithms
- Information Systems
- Networks and Distributed Systems
- Software Systems

### Graduate

The ICS school offers 11 master's and 7 doctorate level graduate programs.

## People

Currently, the Dean of the Donald Bren School is Marios Papaefthymiou.

Notable people graduated from the school include: Roy Fielding, Patrick Hanratty, Paul Mockapetris, Steven Joe.

## Facilities

The school has three buildings associated with it. The three buildings encompass over 100,000 square feet of space. The three buildings are the Information and Computer Science building, Information and Computer Science 2, and Donald Bren Hall.

## References

1. https://www.ics.uci.edu/
1. http://catalogue.uci.edu/donaldbrenschoolofinformationandcomputersciences/
Digital light processing

Digital light processing (DLP) projector is a kind of video projector. It uses small mirrors that reflect light. The mirrors can be moved to either reflect light or not reflect light. The mirrors move very fast. When the mirror reflects light more often, it makes a lighter color. When the mirror reflects light less often, it makes a darker color. DLP projectors can be bright and have a high resolution. This can make the picture look better. DLP projectors can be small so they can be moved more easily. Some DLP projectors are small enough to fit in a smartphone. Big DLP projectors are often used in movie theaters.

## Digital Micromirror Devices

DLP projectors use a digital micromirror device (DMD) to make the picture. A DMD is made of many very small mirrors. The mirrors are in a grid on a semiconductor. Each mirror makes a small part of the picture, called a pixel. The resolution increases when the DMD has more mirrors.

The mirrors can be moved so they reflect light through the lens or reflect light somewhere else. When mirror reflects light through the lens, the pixel is light. When the mirror reflects light somewhere else, the pixel is dark. The mirrors move much faster than a person can see. When the mirror spends more time reflecting light through the lens, the pixel is lighter. When the mirror spends more time reflecting light somewhere else, the pixel is darker.
User interface design

**User interface design** (**UI**) or **user interface engineering** is the design of our machines and software interface such as the interface of computer, printer, phones, etc. It helps the person interact with the system in order to increase the user experience and enhance efficiency.

Good user interface never draws useless attention and always finish the tasks first. A good format can help the user perform right interactions and a good graphic design can help the user focus on the function in the system. During the design process, we must balance the functions and visual effects to create a stable, adaptable, and functional system for users.

Interface design is applied in many different areas such as computers, to cars, to planes. Even though most of these areas have similar human interactions, we still need special skills to accomplish the design goals. That is why designers are usually specialized in some areas than others in order to make the best efforts out of themselves.

Standards of user interface design have been developed in 1980s for defining the usability of software products.
Alpha–beta pruning

**Alpha-beta pruning** is a Search algorithm that tries to remove options that it can take. This algorithm is commonly used for a computer to play two player games, such as chess, go, and checkers. The algorithm stops analyzing a move when it finds another possible move that is proven to be better, and that move will not be analyzed again. This algorithm is a modification of minimax algorithm.

## Algorithm

The algorithm keeps track of two values, Alpha and Beta, and assigns "points" to possible moves where the greater the amount of points a move has, the higher chance that choosing that move will lead to victory. Alpha represents the minimum amount of points the player the algorithm wants to win can have(the maximizing player), while beta is the maximum amount of points the algorithm wants to lose can have(the minimizing player). Alpha and Beta start as negative infinity and infinity respectively. Whenever a move is found such that the  maximizing player's score improves or the minimizing player's score decreases, then Alpha and Beta will be replaced with those new values.

In the best case, the complexity of the algorithm is O() while the worst case is O() where b is the branching factor, that is how much each move splits into future options on average, and d is the depth, as in on average how many possible moves are made into the game.