juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
2006 FIFA World Cup

The **2006 FIFA World Cup** was a football (soccer) sporting event that was held in Germany from June 9 to July 9, 2006. 32 teams took part from many countries. Italy won the trophy after beating France in the final on penalties. Portugal got room place at home.

### Africa

- (ANG) • Squad
- (CIV) • Squad
- (GHA) • Squad
- (TOG) • Squad
- (TUN) • Squad

### Asia

- (AUS) • Squad
- (IRN) • Squad
- (JPN) • Squad
- (KOR) • Squad
- (KSA) • Squad

### Europe

- (CRO) • Squad
- (CZE) • Squad
- (ENG) • Squad
- (FRA) • Squad
- (GER) • Squad
- (ITA) • Squad
- (NED) • Squad
- (POL) • Squad
- (POR) • Squad
- (SCG) • Squad
- (ESP) • Squad
- (SWE) • Squad
- (SUI) • Squad
- (UKR) • Squad

### North and Central America

- (CRC) • Squad
- (MEX) • Squad
- (TRI) • Squad
- (USA) • Squad

### South America

- (ARG) • Squad
- (BRA) • Squad
- (ECU) • Squad
- (PAR) • Squad

### Group A

**Schedule**
|Date||Time||Venue||||Results||||Attendance|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Friday, 9 June|18:00|FIFA World Cup Stadium, Munich|Germany|4–2|Costa Rica|66,000|||||||
|Friday, 9 June|21:00|FIFA World Cup Stadium, Gelsenkirchen|Poland|0–2|Ecuador|52,000|||||||
|Wednesday, 14 June|21:00|FIFA World Cup Stadium, Dortmund|Germany|1–0|Poland|65,000|||||||
|Thursday, 15 June|15:00|FIFA World Cup Stadium, Hamburg|Ecuador|3–0|Costa Rica|50,000|||||||
|Tuesday, 20 June|16:00|Olympiastadion|Ecuador|0–3|Germany|72,000|||||||
|Tuesday, 20 June|16:00|FIFA World Cup Stadium, Hanover|Costa Rica|1–2|Poland|43,000|||||||

### Round of 16

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### Quarter-finals

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### Semi-finals

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## References

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## Infobox (international football competition)

- **tourney name**: FIFA World Cup
- **year**: 2006
- **other titles**: FIFA Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft
Deutschland 2006
- **dates**: 9 June – 9 July (31 days)
- **country**: Germany
- **num teams**: 32
- **confederations**: 6
- **venues**: 12
- **cities**: 12
- **champion other**: Italy national football team, Italy
- **count**: 4
- **second other**: France national football team, France
- **third other**: Germany national football team, Germany
- **fourth other**: Portugal national football team, Portugal
- **matches**: 64
- **goals**: 147
- **top scorer**: Miroslav Klose
(5 goals)
- **player**: Zinedine Zidane
- **goalkeeper**: Gianluigi Buffon
- **young player**: Lukas Podolski
- **prevseason**: 2002 FIFA World Cup, 2002
- **nextseason**: 2010 FIFA World Cup, 2010
Polynesia

**Polynesia** is a group of over 1,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean.

## Triangle

Polynesia is the islands in a triangle in the Pacific Ocean. The top of the triangle is Hawai'i, the bottom left is New Zealand and the bottom right is Easter Island. All the islands inside the triangle are Polynesia.

## Islands

- American Samoa (overseas United States territory)
- Anuta (in the Solomon Islands)
- Bellona Island (in the Solomon Islands)
- Cook Islands (self-governing state in free association with New Zealand)
- Easter Island (part of Chile, called _Rapa Nui_ in Rapa Nui)
- Emae (in Vanuatu)
- French Polynesia ("overseas country", a territory of France)
- Hawaii (a state of the United States)
- Kapingamarangi (in the Federated States of Micronesia)
- Mele (in Vanuatu)
- New Zealand (called _Aotearoa_ in Māori, usually associated with Australasia)
- Niue (self-governing state in free association with New Zealand)
- Nuguria (in Papua New Guinea)
- Nukumanu (in Papua New Guinea)
- Nukuoro (in the Federated States of Micronesia)
- Ontong Java (in the Solomon Islands)
- Pileni (in the Solomon Islands)
- Rennell (in the Solomon Islands)
- Rotuma (in Fiji)
- Samoa (independent nation)
- Sikaiana (in the Solomon Islands)
- Swains Island (politically part of American Samoa)
- Takuu (in Papua New Guinea)
- Tikopia (in the Solomon Islands)
- Tokelau (overseas dependency of New Zealand)
- Tonga (independent nation)
- Tuvalu (independent nation)
- Wallis and Futuna (overseas territory of France)
Viola

A **viola** ( ) is a high pitched  instrument that is similar to the violin and cello.  Viola is slightly larger than violin. It has lower and deeper sound, but higher than a cello.  It has four strings: the C, G, D, and A strings. The highest string is the A string. The viola is played with a bow in the right hand.  Playing with the bow is called arco.  Sometimes the strings may be plucked (pizzicato).

When people see the viola, sometimes they think it is a violin.  This is because the viola is only a little larger than a violin, and like the violin, the viola is held on the player's left shoulder.  It is also because the sound of the viola is only five notes lower than the sound of the violin. The biggest difference between the viola and the violin is the sound. The viola's lowest string is the "C" string and its highest string is the "A" string. So, to see whether a violin-like instrument is a violin or viola, one will need to pluck the thinnest string. The violin's lowest string is the "G" string and its highest string is the "E" string.  Even though the viola and violin can play many of the same notes, they each have a special sound quality.  Sometimes people describe the viola's sound as more "dark", "earthy", or "mellow" than the violin's sound.

The person that makes and repairs violas is called a luthier.The Viola is also known as the Cinderella of the orchestra, due to it being unfairly neglected when it comes to popularity to the public and choice of famous classical music. Lionel Tertis and William Primrose were the two famous violists that helped the viola become more respected in general and as a solo instrument.

People who write music often use the viola for harmony notes. It is one of the instruments in a string quartet, along with two violins and a cello. The viola is found in chamber ensembles of string instruments only, and also in full symphony orchestras where strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion instruments play together. The viola can also be a solo instrument, but is mostly used in an orchestra. The viola comes in many sizes. The sizes are measured in inches, such as a 16-inch viola. The size of the viola is measured from the bottom to the neck of it (its body's length).
String

**String** is a thin piece of rope or twine which is used to tie, bind, or hang other objects. String can be made from many kinds of fibres.

A "**string**" can also mean:

In **science**, **computers** or **mathematics**:
- String (computer science), a sequence of symbols or digits in computer programming
- String (physics), one of the main objects of study in string theory
- strings (Unix), a UNIX programme for finding character strings in binary files
- String literal, the notation for representing a string value within the text of a computer program
- A string of nucleotides is called DNA or RNA
- A string of amino acids is called a peptide or protein
- String theory, a popular grand unified theory

In **music**:
- String instrument, a musical instrument that produces sound through vibrating strings
- Strings (music), flexible material that provides vibrations in string instruments
- Strings (Pakistani pop band), a pop band from Pakistan
- String (Thai pop), a genre of Thai pop music
- "Strings", the nickname of Robert Dahlqvist, guitarist of Swedish rock and roll band The Hellacopters

**Other** meanings:
- G-string, a type of underclothing that parts the buttocks without covering them
- Strings (film), a 2004 movie directed by Anders Rønnow Klarlund
- String figures, designs formed by weaving string around one's fingers
- A character controlled by Marik in the Yu-Gi-Oh! series
Windsor, Berkshire

**Windsor** is a town in Berkshire, England. It is near the River Thames. The official residence of the British monarch, Windsor Castle, is located in Windsor.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Windsor
- **static image name**: Windsor Bridge and Town.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Windsor Bridge, Windsor and Windsor Castle</small>
- **population**: 26,885
- **population ref**: _(2001)_
- **unitary england**: Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, Windsor and Maidenhead
- **lieutenancy england**: Berkshire
- **region**: South East England
- **constituency westminster**: Windsor (UK Parliament constituency), Windsor
- **post town**: WINDSOR
- **postcode district**: SL4
- **postcode area**: SL
- **dial code**: 01753
- **os grid reference**: SU965765
Windsor Castle

**Windsor Castle** is a castle in Windsor, Berkshire, England. It is the largest inhabited castle in the world. Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom lived there for part of the year. The castle was built in the 11th century by William the Conqueror as a motte-and-bailey castle for the protection of England during the Norman occupation; it has been expanded and rebuilt many times. It was a military headquarters during the English Civil War. In 1992, there was a fire at the castle.

Windsor Castle is near the River Thames.
Peugeot 206

The Peugeot 206 is a car made by the French company Peugeot. It was produced from 1998 to 2013 in Europe. The car was sold in many countries around the world, with production still happening in some places even after 2013. It is a small, compact car that became very popular for its design, fuel efficiency, and affordable price.

## History

The Peugeot 206 was introduced in 1998 as the successor to the Peugeot 205. It was designed to be a small city car, but it became popular for its versatility and style. The 206 was available in many different versions, such as a 3-door and 5-door hatchback, convertible, and estate (station wagon) model. It was sold in many countries, including Europe, Latin America, and parts of Asia.

In 2006, the Peugeot 207 replaced the 206 in many markets, but the 206 continued to be sold as a budget model. In 2009, a new version called the Peugeot 206+ was introduced with some updates to the design and features. However, this updated model was not sold in the UK.

## Engine Options

The Peugeot 206 was available with various engine options, depending on the model and market. Common engine sizes included:

1.1 L (60 hp)

1.4 L (75 hp)

1.6 L (88 hp)

2.0 GTI (136 hp)

2.0 RC (177 hp)

There were also diesel engine options, including 1.4 L HDi (68 hp) and 1.6 L HDi (109 hp), which were known for their fuel efficiency, 1.9 D and 2.0 HDi.

## Design

The Peugeot 206 was known for its compact and modern design. It featured smooth, rounded edges with a body style that appealed to many drivers. The interior was simple, offering enough space for small families or individuals. The car was available in different colors and trims, and some models had sportier designs.

The convertible version, introduced in 2000, was a notable addition to the lineup, offering a more open driving experience.

## Engines

- _1.1_ 44 kW (60 hp)
- _1.4_ 55 kW (75 hp)
- _1.4 16V_ 65 kW (88 hp)
- _1.6_ 65 kW (88 hp)
- _1.6 16V_ 80 kW (109 hp)
- _2.0 GTI_ 100 kW (136 hp)
- _2.0 RC_ 130 kW (177 hp)
- _1.4 HDi_ 50 kW (68 hp)
- _1.6 HDi_ 80 kW (109 hp)
- _1.9 D_ 51 kW (69 hp)
- _2.0 HDi_ 66 kW (90 hp)
Trojan Horse

The **Trojan Horse** is a large wooden horse from the Trojan War in Greek mythology. In the Trojan War, the Greeks were fighting against the city of Troy.  The war started when Helen, the queen of Sparta, was kidnapped by Paris, prince of Troy.  The Greeks waged war on Troy to win Helen of Troy back.

The Greeks could not enter the city or win the war. Because of this, Odysseus, one of the Grecian leaders, thought of a way to trick the Trojans.  The Greeks built a large wooden horse out of a ship and left it outside the gates of the city as a present for the Trojans, then sailed away. The Greek ships hid behind a nearby land mass. The Trojans took the horse and put it inside their city, thinking it was a victory gift from the Greeks.  The Trojans had a festival to celebrate their victory. Odysseus chose a horse so that Athena (goddess of wisdom and strength) would grant them good luck after the battle. After the Trojan victory festival ended, the Greeks, who were hiding inside the horse, came out. They opened the city gates to let the other Greeks enter Troy. The Greeks easily overpowered the unsuspecting Trojans and took control of the city. Because of the Trojan Horse, the Greeks won the Trojan War.

Today the word "Trojan horse" is used for things that are similar to that story: something that looks good, but in truth has another purpose, usually bad. An example for this is a type of computer virus called a Trojan horse.

## Other websites

- Trojan horse -Citizendium
Tesco

**Tesco** is a multinational retailer owned by Tesco PLC from the United Kingdom (UK).

## History

Tesco was started by Jack Cohen in 1919 . He had a stall at Well Street Market, in Hackney. He opened the first Tesco grocery store in 1931 in Edgware. His business grew very quickly and there were 100 Tesco stores by 1939. Jack Cohen's business motto was "pile it high and sell it cheap". At first, Tesco only sold food in its stores, but in the 1990s it began to sell other items, such as mobile phones, DVDs and videos, clothing, and books. It now also operates petrol stations, banks and is an Internet service provider in the UK since 2012.

## Operation

There are different brands of Tesco stores, which are all different sizes. They go from small convenience stores to large hypermarkets. With more than 3,000 stores in the UK alone, it is one of the biggest retailers in the country. Tesco's website was also one of the first to let people buy things from the Internet.

The company that owns Tesco is called **Tesco plc** (public limited company) and is listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). It has opened stores in other countries within Europe and Asia. Countries with Tesco stores include Ireland, Hungary, Malaysia, and Thailand. Nowadays, Tesco is the third-largest retailer in the world when measured by profit and the fifth-largest by revenue.

## Other website

- Corporate website
- Tesco Payslipview

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Tesco plc
- **logo**: File:Tesco logo.png
- **logo caption**: Logo used since 1995
- **image caption**: Tesco Headquarters, Welwyn Garden City
- **type**: Public limited company, Public
- **traded as**:
FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100 Component
- **founder**: Jack Cohen (businessman), Jack Cohen
- **industry**: Retail
- **revenue**: £65.762 billion (2023)
- **operating income**: £2.630 billion (2023)
- **net income**: £0.744 billion (2023)
- **assets**: £12.725 billion (2023)
- **equity**: £12.230 billion (2023)
- **num employees**: 330,000 (2024)
- **foundation**:
 Hackney, London, England, UK
- **location**: Tesco House, Shire Park, Kestrel Way, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England, UK
- **locations**: 4,673 (2021)
Fiat Panda

The **Fiat Panda** is a small car made by Fiat from 1980 to the present day. Normally it is bought by small families or young adults because the car is quite cheap and also the tax is not very high.

The first generation launched in 1980, and in the UK a year later. A 4x4 model appeared in 1983. A major facelift arrived in 1986 and another one took place in 1991. In 1995, the Panda was axed from the UK with most other European markets following shortly after, remaining on sale in Italy right up to 2003.

The second generation of 2003 was made in Poland and was the European Car Of The Year in 2004. It received some small updates during its run and was produced until the end of 2012. This car was also available as a 4x4, a 1.3 Multijet diesel and a sporty 100HP version.

The Panda entered its third and current generation in 2011 with production moving back to Italy, with 2- and 4-cylinder petrol engines. Again it was also built with 4x4 drive and with a Multijet diesel engine. In 2020, the model underwent considerable technical changes, among which a new, mild-hybrid, 3-cylinder petrol engine.
Fiat Croma

**Fiat Croma** is the name of two different large cars made by Fiat. The first was made between 1985 and 1996, and the design of it was changed in 1991. The second generation has been built between 2005 and 2010. Both have five seats and four doors.
Fiat Ulysse

The **Fiat Ulysse** was a large car with seven seats made by Fiat in two generations between 1994 and 2010. It is the only Eurovan in the PSA/Fiat joint vesture to have retained the same name in the second generation.

### Engines

- _1.8_ 73 kW (99 hp)
- _2.0_ 89 kW (121 hp)
- _2.0 16V_ 97 kW (132 hp) and 100 kW (136 hp)
- _2.0 Turbo_ 108 kW (147 hp)
- _1.9 TD_ 66 kW (90 hp)
- _2.0 JTD_ 80 kW (109 hp)
- _2.1 TD_ 80 kW (109 hp)

### Engines

- _2.0 16V_ 100 kW (136 hp)
- _3.0 V6_ 152 kW (207 hp)
- _2.0 JTD_ 80 kW (109 hp), 88 kW (120 hp) and 100 kW (136 hp)
- _2.2 JTD_ 94 kW (128 hp) and 125 kW (170 hp)
Fiat Punto

The **Fiat Punto** is a car produced by Fiat in three generations since 1993. Production of the first generation Punto was 3.429 million units, second generation 2.96 million units, and third generation 2.67 million units.

#### Petrol engines

- _1.1 8V_ 40 kW (55 hp)
- _1.2 8V_ 44 kW (60 hp) and 55 kW (73 hp)
- _1.2 16V_ 63 kW (85 hp)
- _1.4 8V Turbo_ 96 kW (130 hp) and 98 kW (133 hp)
- _1.6 8V_ 65 kW (88 hp)

#### Diesel engines

- _1.7 D_ 42 kW (57 hp)
- _1.9 TD_ 47 kW (63 hp) and 51 kW (70 hp)

#### Petrol engines

- _1.2 8V_ 44 kW (60 hp)
- _1.2 16V_ 59 kW (80 hp)
- _1.4 16V_ 77 kW (95 hp)
- _1.8 16V_ 96 kW (131 hp)

#### Diesel engines

- _1.3 Multijet 16V_ 51 kW (69 hp)
- _1.9 D 8V_ 44 kW (60 hp)
- _1.9 JTD 8V_ 59 kW (80 hp) and 63 kW (86 hp)
- _1.9 Multijet 8V_ 74 kW (101 hp)

#### BiPower engines

- _1.2 Natural Power 8V CNG_ 51 kW (69 hp)

#### Petrol engines

- _1.2 8V_ 48 kW (65 hp)
- _1.4 8V_ 57 kW (78 hp)
- _1.4 StarJet 16V_ 70 kW (95 hp)
- _1.4 MultiAir 16V_ 77 kW (105 hp)
- _1.4 T-Jet 16V_ 88 kW (120 hp)
- _1.4 MultiAir Turbo 16V_ 99 kW (135 hp)

#### Diesel engines

- _1.3 Multijet 16V_ 55 kW (75 hp) and 66 kW (90 hp)
- _1.3 Multijet II 16V_ 55 kW (75 hp) and 70 kW (95 hp)
- _1.6 Multijet 16V_ 88 kW (120 hp)
- _1.9 Multijet 8V_ 88 kW (120 hp) and 96 kW (130 hp)

#### BiPower engines

- _1.4 Natural Power 8V CNG_ 51-57 kW (69-78 hp)
- _1.4 8V LPG_ 57 kW (78 hp)

## Other websites

- fiatpunto.com
- The Punto Van
- Grande Punto EuroNCAP results
- The Punto Power fan site
- The Punto Sports Forum fan site
- The Punto MK2 & MK2B Forum fan site
- PuntoUK: a UK based Punto fan site
- Grande-Punto.de - The German Community
- FiatPunto.com.pl - The Polish Fiat Punto fan Forum
Volkswagen Polo

The **Volkswagen Polo** is a small car made by the German company Volkswagen since 1975. The first generation was made from 1975 to 1981 with a facelift in 1979. The second generation was made between 1981 and 1994 and was facelifted in 1990. The third generation was made from late 1994 to early 2002 with a facelift in early 2000. The fourth generation launched in early 2002 and featured distinctive twin round headlamps, they were dropped when it was facelifted in mid-2005. The fifth generation arrived in 2009 and was facelifted in mid-2014. The sixth generation launched in late 2017 and now only comes as a 5-door hatchback. In the fall of 2020, the Polo was visually redesigned with the switch to the 2021 model year. Since then, the vehicle has been supplied with the new Volkswagen logo and Polo lettering on the tailgate, which was once on the lower left , has now been positioned in a new font in the middle under the VW logo. Technically, there has been an update to the "Modular Infotainment Kit 3" (MIB3).
Volkswagen Fox

The **Volkswagen Fox** is a car that was made by the German company Volkswagen. It has four seats, four wheels and two doors. The car is similar in size to the Ford Ka.
Proton Savvy

The **Proton Savvy** is a small car made by the Malaysian company Proton Holding. It has 5 seats and 5 doors.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Proton Savvy
- **image**: File:Proton Savvy (front), Denpasar.jpg
- **caption**: Proton Savvy (South Korea)
- **manufacturer**: Proton Holdings, Proton
- **production**: 2005–2014
- **assembly**: South Korea: Proton City, Perak
- **class**: Ecomony car, Ecomony Car (EU), Subcompact car, Subcompact (US)
- **body style**: 5-door hatchback
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
- **engine**: 1.0 L _List of Suzuki engines#K engine 2, K10B_ Straight-3, I3 (Petrol engine, petrol)
1.2 L 16v Renault_D-Type_engine#D4F, _D4F_ Straight-4, I4 (Petrol engine, petrol)
- **powerout**: 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp) at 5500 rpm
105 N·m (77 lb·ft) at 3500 rpm
- **transmission**: 5-speed manual transmission, manual
 5-speed _Magneti Marelli Quickshift 5_ automated manual transmission, AMT
- **sp**: uk
- **predecessor**: Proton Tiara
- **successor**: Proton Iriz
- **doors**: 5
Peugeot 107

The **Peugeot 107** is a car made by the French company, Peugeot. It has been made in the Czech Republic since 2005 and it has four seats. The car can have two or four doors. The car is related to the Toyota Aygo and the Citroën C1. In 2009, Peugeot made new versions of the car that looked different. They did this again in 2012. The manufacturing of it was stopped in 2014 because Peugeot had started making the Peugeot 108(another model of a car).

## Engines

- _1.0_ 50 kW (68 hp)
- _1.4 HDi_ 40 kW (54 hp)
Toyota Aygo

The **Toyota Aygo** is a car made by the Japanese company Toyota in the Czech Republic since 2005. It has four seats and either two or four doors. The car has a 1-litre petrol or 1,4-litre diesel engine. The car is similar to the Peugeot 107 and Citroën C1. It entered its second generation in 2014.

## Engines

- _1.0 VVT-i_ 50 kW (68 hp)
- _1.4 D4-D_ 40 kW (54 hp)
Paris (Trojan prince)

**Paris** is a personality in Greek mythology. He is an important person in the Trojan War, and Homer's _Iliad_. Paris was the son of King Priam of Troy and his wife Hecuba. Because it was prophesied that he would bring the end and destruction of Troy, he was left to die in the wilderness, but was found by another man, who took him as a son and named him Paris.

Three goddesses, Hera, Aphrodite, and Athena, had a beauty contest with a prize of the golden Apple of Discord of Eris (goddess). Paris was the judge and they all bribed him. Hera offered him power, Athena offered him wisdom, and Aphrodite promised him the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen.

The problem was that Helen was already married to Menelaus, the brother of Agamemnon. Paris took Helen home with him to Troy. This caused the Trojan War.

During the war, Paris killed Achilles by shooting his heel with a poisoned arrow.

Late in the war, Paris was killed by Philoctetes.
Helen of Troy

In Greek mythology, **Helen,** also known as **Helen of Troy** (Ancient Greek: Ἑλένη, Helénē), was said to have been the most beautiful woman in the world. The queen of Sparta, Helen was married to Menelaus, but later eloped with Prince Paris of Troy (most often depicted as being kidnapped) and taken to Troy, resulting in the Trojan War as the Achaeans set out to bring her back to Sparta. She was believed to be the daughter of Zeus and Leda, the wife of King Tyndareos of Sparta, and was the sister of twins Castor and Pollux, and Clytemnestra.
Hector

**Hector** (, _Hektōr_) was a Trojan prince and one of the central figures of the _Iliad_. The first-born son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba, Hector was the heir apparent to the throne and the greatest of Troy's warriors in the defense of the city. Hector fought against a various number of the Greeks through the course of the Trojan War, including Protesilaus and Ajax. He was married to Andromache, with whom he had a son, Astyanax, whom the Trojans called Scamandrios.

Hector is eventually killed by Achilles (Book XXII of _The Iliad_).

## Related pages

- 624 Hektor
Hecuba

**Hecuba** (also **Hekuba** or **Hekabe**) was a person in Greek mythology. She was the wife of King Priam of Troy.

Her children with Priam were: Sons: Hector, Paris, Deiphobos, Helenos, Pammon, Polites, Antiphus, Hipponous, Polydoros. And daughters: Ilione, Creusa, Laodice, Polyxena, and Kassandra.

After the Trojan War she became a slave of Odysseus.
Priam

**Priam** (**Priamos** or (Latin) **Priamus**) is a person in Greek mythology. He was the King of Troy during the Trojan War.

Priam had several wives, but his principal wife was Hecuba. With her he had his favourite son Hector; and Paris the cause of the war.

In Book II of Virgil's _Aeneid_, he was killed during the destruction of Troy by Achilles' son Neoptolemus.
Achilles

**Achilles** (Ancient Greek: Ἀχιλλεύς, _Akhilleus_) was a hero of the Trojan War and is the main character of Homer's _Iliad_. The son of the mortal hero Peleus and the Nereid Thetis, he is the leader of the Myrmidons, and is described as the greatest of all the Achaean warriors.  The _Iliad_, which is set in the ninth year of the Trojan War, started with an argument between Achilles and Agamemnon, the commander of the Greek forces.

Achilles' most notable feat during the Trojan War was his slaying the Trojan prince Hector outside the gates of Troy, as revenge against Hector for killing his friend, Patroclus.<sup>p53</sup>   While Achilles' death is not presented in the _Iliad_ (as the poem ends with Hector's funeral), other sources say that he was killed near the end of the war by Paris, who shot him in the heel with an arrow.In medicine, we find the term "Achilles tendon", the part of the foot that connects the heel to the calf muscles. Specialists say that this is the largest tendon in the human body, which allows the movement of the toes, a movement necessary when walking. When she gave birth to Achilles, Thetis tried to make him immortal. Achilles was completely immersed by his mother in the waters of the Styx, but his heel was left out by which Thetis held him. Another version says that Thetis anointed the boy with ambrosia and placed him over a fire to burn away all the mortal parts of his body and purify him. Interrupted by Peleus, however, Thetis became enraged and let the child go without completing the ritual. Homer makes no reference to this invulnerability in the Iliad. On the opposite, it describes a scene in which Achilles is wounded (In Book 21, the Paeonian hero Asteropaeus, nephew of Axios - a river god - challenges Achilles near the river Scamander. He throws two spears, and one injures Achilles' elbow).

## Legend

Later stories say Achilles was invulnerable in all of his body, except for his heel, as that is where his mother Thetis held him when she dipped him in the River Styx as an infant.  As such, the term "Achilles' heel" has come to mean a point of fatal weakness.  Because of that, his heel was still vulnerable.  However, the _Iliad_ does not say this, because it has nothing to do with The Trojan War, other than the fact that Achilles died, by getting shot in his heel.

According to the legend, Achilles was killed by  Paris, with the help of the god Apollo, who shot his heel with an arrow Apollo poisoned. Achilles was shot many times by the arrows of Paris but the only arrow found on his body was through his heel.
Nymph

A **nymph** is a kind of female nature entity/spirit in Greek mythology. They are often companions of Greek gods and goddesses. Nymphs can be divided into different kinds, such as:
- Dryads (trees)
- Naiads (fresh water)
- Oreads (mountains)
- the **Okeanids**, the daughters of Okeanos, and the **Nereids**, the daughters of Nereus (seas)
- the **Pleiades** (stars)
They are not immortal, like Greek gods or the titans from Greek mythology, but were said to live a long time.
Romantic music

**Romantic music** is music written in the 19th century.  This was the period called the “Romantic period” by musicians.  In literature and some other arts the “Romantic period” is often said to begin and finish earlier: around mid 18th to mid 19th century.

In the Classical period artists liked to see clear forms.  18th century architecture nearly always shows a lot of symmetry.  The gardens of the palace at Versailles are a good example of this with their very tidy patterns of straight paths, circular ponds and neatly clipped hedges.

In music the Classical composers such as Haydn and Mozart liked to compose music which had a clear plan like sonata form.

In the Romantic period artists thought that feeling and passions were more important than formal plans.  This can be seen in the gardens designed by Capability Brown, e.g. in at Blenheim Palace, Oxford.  The gardens are made to blend into nature.

In music the Romantic composers may still use plans like sonata form, but feelings and passions are important.  They often write what is called programme music which means: music that describes something or tells a story.  Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony is called the “Pastoral” which means that it is about the countryside.  Beethoven wrote in the Classical style until about 1803 when he started writing in the Romantic style.  Later composers such as Felix Mendelssohn wrote pieces like _Hebrides Overture_ which describes the sea coming into Fingal’s Cave in the Inner Hebrides Islands in Scotland.  Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) wrote a lot of music which tells a story.  His _Symphonie Fantastique_ is about an artist madly in love.  Berlioz’s whole way of life was wild and romantic.  He fell in love with an actress he saw on stage playing the part of Juliet in Shakespeare’s _Romeo and Juliet_ and he actually married her!  Other composers who wrote a lot of programme music include Franz Liszt (1811-1886) and Richard Strauss (1864-1949).  Strauss always wrote in a late-Romantic style even although he lived well into the 20th century.

The Romantic period was also the period of Nationalism.  "Nationalism" means being proud of one's country.  In the 19th century  a lot of European countries as we know them were being formed.  In music a lot of composers were writing music which was typical of their country.  They often did this by using folk music.  Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904) and Bedřich Smetana (1824-1884) wrote music which sounds very Czech. Pyotr Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)  wrote music with Russian folk songs in them. Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) used German folk songs in his symphonies, and Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958) collected English folk songs and put them in his music.  One of those pieces was a Fantasy on the famous tune _Greensleeves_.
Nereid

In Greek mythology, the **Nereids** ( _Nereides_) are sea nymphs, the fifty daughters of Nereus, the Old Man of the Sea, and the Okeanid Doris.

Among them are:
- Thetis - Wife of Peleus and mother of Achilles, she was often considered the leader of the Nereids.
- Amphitrite - Wife of Poseidon and queen of the sea.
- Galatea
- Thoosa - mother of the Cyclops Polyphemus.
- Dione (mythology)
Romance

**Romance** or **romantic** might mean:

- Something related to Ancient Rome
- Romance language, a language based on Latin, including Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian
- Chivalric romance, a style of medieval and Renaissance fiction
- Romance (love), love focusing on feelings over sex
- Romantic friendship, a close but non-sexual relationship between friends that includes a degree of physical closeness
- Romantic orientation, indicates which sex or gender people are likely to have a romantic relationship with
- Romanticism, a style of art that started in France in the late 1700s. It includes:
    - Romantic painting
    - Romantic music
    - Romantic poetry
- Romance novel, a style of written fiction
- Romance movie, a style of movies
- Romance comics, a style of comics
Romanticism

**Romanticism**, or the **Romantic movement**, was a style of art, literature and music in the late 18th and the early 19th century in Europe.

The movement believed in the importance of feelings, imagination, nature, human life, freedom of expression, individualism, and old folk traditions (like legends and fairy tales).

The movement showed most strongly in arts like music and literature. However, it also had an important influence on historiography, education, and natural history.

## Background

The Romantic movement was a reaction to the aristocratic social and political ideas of the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. It was also a reaction against turning nature into mere science.

### United Kingdom

British Romanticism was notable because the United Kingdom was an early adopter of industrialization and science. Well-known British Romanticists include:
- William Wordsworth
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge
- Lord Byron
- Percy Bysshe Shelley
- William Blake
- Robert Burns
- Walter Scott
- J. M. W. Turner

### Germany

During the same period as in Britain, a notable Romantic movement occurred in Germany. Travel, nature, and Germanic myths were important motifs.

Famous German Romanticists include:
- Ludwig von Beethoven
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe as a younger man
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
- Friedrich Schiller
- Brothers Grimm

## Related pages

- Romance (love)
- Romantic music
- Romantic poetry

## Other websites

- The Romantic Poets
- _Dictionary of the History of Ideas_ , Romanticism
- _Romantic Circles_ Electronic editions, histories, and scholarly articles related to the Romantic era
- _Dictionary of the History of Ideas_ , Romanticism in Political Thought
- Romanticism in the "History of Art"
- Romanticism in the Art History Archive
Seveso disaster

The **Seveso disaster** was a chemical accident on 10 July 1976, at the small Italian town of Meda, 20 km from Milan in Lombardy. There was an leak at a chemical factory which released a lot of the toxic poison dioxin, _TCDD_, into the air. The cloud of poison gas covered an area 6 km long and 1 km wide. It was named after the municipality of Seveso.  It resulted in the highest known exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in residential populations  There were many studies and new regulations after the accident. The European Union directive covering the protection against such accidents is known as Seveso-II-directive today.

The company where the accident happened was called Icmesa. It was owned by Givaudan, who is  owned by Roche. Icmesa produced Trichlorophenol, which is used to produce the disinfectant Hexachlorophene. The company was located in four communes; one of them Seveso.

None of the 20,000 people who lived in Seveso died, but the poison killed 3,000 farm animals and pets. Another 70,000 animals had to be killed to stop the dioxin from getting into the food chain.

## Long term problems

Thirty years after the accident, scientists reported that babies born in the area affected by the dioxin were six times more likely to have thyroid problems. The affected people, now in their forties, are being studied to see if it stopped them growing properly, or reduced intellectual development (IQ).
Junichiro Koizumi

**Junichiro Koizumi** (born 8 January 1942) is the former Prime Minister of Japan. He stepped down in 2006.

## Early life

Born in Yokosuka, Kanagawa on 8 January, 1942, Koizumi was taught at Yokosuka High School and Keio University, where he studied economics. He went to University College London before returning to Japan in August 1969 when his father died.

## Yasukuni Shrine and Junichiro

While he was prime minister of Japan, he made China and South Korea very angry by continuing to visit the Yasukuni Shrine. He was succeeded by Shinzo Abe.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Junichirō Koizumi
- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **office1**: Prime Minister of Japan
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Junichiro Koizumi 20010426.jpg
- **monarch1**: Akihito
- **predecessor1**: Yoshirō Mori
- **successor1**: Shinzo Abe
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic Party
- **birth place**: Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, Empire of Japan, Japan
- **term start1**: 26 April 2001
- **term end1**: 26 September 2006
- **office2**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), President of the Liberal Democratic Party
- **term start2**: 20 April 2001
- **term end2**: 26 September 2006
- **predecessor2**: Yoshirō Mori
- **successor2**: Shinzo Abe
- **office3**: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Minister of Health and Welfare
- **term start3**: 7 November 1996
- **term end3**: 29 July 1998
- **primeminister3**: Ryutaro Hashimoto
- **predecessor3**: Naoto Kan
- **successor3**: Sohei Miyashita
- **term start4**: 27 December 1988
- **term end4**: 10 August 1989
- **predecessor4**: Takao Fujimoto
- **successor4**: Saburo Toida
- **office5**: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Minister of Post and Telecommunications
- **term start5**: 12 December 1992
- **term end5**: 20 July 1993
- **primeminister5**: Kiichi Miyazawa
- **predecessor5**: Hideo Watanabe
- **successor5**: Kiichi Miyazawa
- **office6**: House of Representatives (Japan), Member of the House of Representatives
for Kanagawa 11th district
- **term start6**: 20 October 1996
- **term end6**: 30 August 2009
- **predecessor6**: New constituency
- **successor6**: Shinjirō Koizumi
Majulah Singapura

"**Majulah Singapura**" (Jawi: ماجولاه سانڬاڤورا, ; "Onward Singapore") is the national anthem of Singapore. It was written and composed by Singaporean musician Zubir Said in 1958. Seven years later, the anthem was adopted. This song must be sung in Malay, although there are translations provided in the country's three other official languages—English, Mandarin Chinese, and Tamil.

Singaporeans are encouraged to sing the national anthem during times of national celebration or at important national events such as at the National Day Parade, at National Day observance ceremonies held by government departments and educational institutions such as schools and universities, and at sports events that Singapore teams take part in.

### Official Malay

|Rumi|IPA transcription|Jawi|
| --- | --- | --- |
|<poem></poem>|<poem>[ma.ri ki.ta raʔ.jat̚ si.ŋa.pu.ra] [sa.ma sa.ma mə.nu.dʒu ba.ha.gi.a] [tʃi.ta tʃi.ta ki.ta jaŋ mu.li.a] [bə(r).dʒa.ja si.ŋa.pu.ra] [ma.ri.la(h) ki.ta bə(r).sa.tu] [də.ŋan sə.ma.ŋat̚ jaŋ ba.ru] [sə.mu.a ki.ta bə(r).se.ru] 𝄆 [ma.dʒu.la(h) si.ŋa.pu.ra] 𝄇</poem>|<poem>ماري کيت رعيت سيڠاڤورا ساما-ساما منوجو بهاڬيا چاتا-چاتا کيت يڠ مليا برجاي سانڬاڤورا ماريله کيت برساتو دڠن سماڠت يڠ بارو سموا کيت برسرو 𝄆 ماجولاه سانڬاڤورا 𝄇</poem>|

### Mandarin Chinese translation

|Singaporean Mandarin (Simplified)|Singaporean Mandarin (Traditional)|Hanyu Pinyin|
| --- | --- | --- |
|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem>Lái ba, Xīnjiāpō rénmín, Ràng wǒmen gòngtóng xiàng xìngfú màijìn; Wǒmen chónggāo de lǐxiǎng, Yào shǐ Xīnjiāpō chénggōng. Lái ba, ràng wǒmen yǐ xīn de jīngshén, Tuánjié zài yīqǐ; Wǒmen qí shēng huānhū: 𝄆 Qiánjìn ba, Xīnjiāpō! 𝄇</poem>|

### Tamil translation

|Tamil script|Roman Tamil|
| --- | --- |
|<poem></poem>|<poem>Ciṅkappūr makkaḷ nām Celvom makiḻvai nōkkiyē Ciṅkappūriṉ veṟṟitāṉ Ciṟanta nam nāṭṭamē Oṉṟiṇaivōm aṉaivarum Ōṅkiṭum puttuṇarvuṭaṉ Muḻaṅkuvōm oṉṟittē 𝄆 Muṉṉēṟaṭṭum ciṅkappūr 𝄇</poem>|

### English translation

<poem></poem>

## Other websites

- Music score for Wind band (instrumental parts)
Teramo

**Teramo** is an Italian city in Abruzzo. Teramo is the capital of the Province of Teramo. In 2020, Teramo had about 53,000 people.
Aegean Sea

The **Aegean Sea**, part of the Mediterranean Sea, is between Greece and Anatolia. It is connected in the north to the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus. The islands of Rhodes, Karpathos and Crete mark its south end.

## History

In ancient times, two groups of people lived near the sea: the Minoans of Crete and the Myceneans of the Peloponnese. The city-states of Athens and Sparta came later and were part of Ancient Greece. The Persians, Romans, the Byzantine Empire, the Venetians (people from Venice), the Seljuks and the Ottomans later started around the Aegean Sea.  The people near the Aegean were very advanced in ancient history and sailed across it to meet and trade.

There are seven groups of Aegean islands: the Thracian Sea group, the East Aegean group, the Northern Sporades, the Cyclades, the Saronic Islands (or Argo-Saronic Islands), the Dodecanese and Crete. The word archipelago used to mean these islands. Many of the Aegean islands, or chains of islands, are part of the mountain ranges on the mainland.

One island chain goes across the sea to Chios, and another goes across Euboea to Samos.  A third chain goes across the Peloponnese and Crete to Rhodes.  This one divides the Aegean from the Mediterranean.  Many of the islands have safe harbours and bays, but sailing in the sea is difficult.

Many of the islands are volcanos, and marble and iron are mined on other islands.  Bigger islands have green valleys and plains.  Two large islands on the Aegean Sea are part of Turkey: Bozcaada () and Gökçeada ().
William de Wiveleslie Abney

**William de Wiveleslie Abney** (24 July 1843 – 3 December 1920) was an English astronomer, chemist, and photographer. Abney was a member of many scientific organizations.

He was best known for his discovering and measuring the effect of adding white to a hue, in 1910. The effect is generally known as the Abney effect. For example, adding white to red makes it slightly bluish (bluish red is known as pink), and adding white to yellowish green hues makes them less yellowish and thus greener.
Giacomo Casanova

**Giacomo Girolamo Casanova** (, ; 2 April 1725 – 4 June 1798) was a famous Venetian adventurer and writer. He was born in Venice. He is best known for having had many affairs with women. He died in Dux, Bohemia, (now Duchcov, Czech Republic).
Colima City

**Colima** is the capital city of the Mexican state Colima. About 240,000 people live there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Colima
- **image shield**: Escudo-colima1.jpg
- **image map**: Colima-CL.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Colima within the state
- **image map1**: Mexico map, MX-COL.svg
- **map caption1**: Location of the state of Colima
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Colima
- **subdivision type2**: Municipalities of Colima, Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Colima
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Federico Rangel Lozano
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population blank1 title**: Municipality
- **population blank1**: 132,273
- **population blank2 title**: Demonym
- **population blank2**: Colimense
- **timezone**: Central Standard Time, CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation m**: 305-550
- **elevation ft**: 1000–1804
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 28000
- **area code**: 312
Given name

A **given name** is a name given to a person at birth or baptism.  Given names are referred as first names.  It is different from a surname.  A surname is the last name or family name.

- Example: A baby girl is born and someone decides to name her _Hope_.  _Hope_ is her given name.  Someone can decide to give her a surname as it is commonly accepted for people to have a last name.  When she grows up, she can pick her own given name or surname if she does not like the one that was picked for her.  Family names are inherited and are not easily changed.

In most Western countries the given name comes first (before the last name or family name).  However, in many Asian countries such as India's Telugu States, Japan and China it comes after the last name or family name, and occasionally also in Europe, e.g. in Hungarian.

Christians often call their first name their "Christian name".

## Related pages

- Personal name
- Posthumous name
- Regnal name
- Indian name
Family name

A **family name** is a name shared by people in the same family. Different cultures have different customs for a person's family name and given name. In English, the family name is always at the end, and it is called a **last name** or **surname**. Children usually have the same family name as their father. A married woman usually changes her family name to be the same as her husband.

For example, Mary Brown married John Smith and she changed her name to Mary Smith. They had two children, David Smith and Kate Smith. Smith is the family name shared by the parents Mary and John, and their children David and Kate.

Occasionally, people use the same family name as mother. Historically, some slaves in America didn't know their original surname, because slaves were often named after the slave owner. Some languages put the family name first. Some (for example Spanish) give both parents' family names in the children's' surnames. In Russian most surnames change depending on the gender of the person (example: ...ski or ...sky for a male, and ...skaya for a female). Some, such as Javanese, do not often give anyone a family name.

## Related pages

- Personal name
- Posthumous name
- Regnal name
John the Baptist

**John the Baptist** (also called **John the Baptizer** or **Yahya the Baptizer**) is viewed as a prophet by at least three religions: Christianity, Islam, and Mandaeanism. According to the New Testament, he was a preacher who baptized people.

John called people to turn to God and to prepare for the coming of the messiah (Jesus). He baptized Jesus in the Jordan River.
People would go to him so that he would put them in the water to show that they have turned away from their sins, so that they could get into heaven.

John was the son of Zechariah and Elizabeth, and a relative of Jesus. He was known for living in the wild, wearing clothes made from camel's hair, and eating locusts and honey. In Catholicism, his birthday is celebrated on June 24.
John

**John** is a name, originating from Hebrew.

- a common male given name
- a family name

People, things and meanings named _John_:

## Biblical meanings

- John the Apostle (also called John the Evangelist)
- John the Baptist
- John of Patmos, the author of the book of Revelation.
- the Biblical texts: Gospel of John and Epistles of John (_1 John_, _2 John_, _3 John_)

## Popes

There are over 20 popes with the name _John_:
- Pope John XXIII
- Pope John Paul I
- Pope John Paul II

## Other People

People with the first and the last name _John_:
- Elton John
- Newton John
- John Denver
- John Stamos
- John Wayne
Motet

The word **Motet** is a piece of music for a church service sung by a choir without using any instruments. The words are usually in Latin.  If the words are written in English for the Anglican church, it is called an anthem.

Motets have been written since the Middle Ages.  Medieval motets often had very complex rhythms.  The tenor often had the tune, which might be a folk tune, and two voices would put quite complicated accompaniments on top. The most famous medieval composer who wrote motets was Guillaume de Machaut (1300-1377)

In the Renaissance, motets were usually polyphonic. That means that the different voices (soprano, alto, tenor, bass) would be singing different parts of the melody at the same time, making it very beautiful, but quite complicated to listen to. Many composers of this time wrote motets. The most famous was Giovanni da Palestrina (1525-1594).

In the Baroque period, one of the most famous composers was Heinrich Schütz(1585-1672), who wrote motets which he called “Cantiones Sacrae” (meaning: “sacred songs”).  Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) wrote six wonderful motets with German texts.  Some people think that Bach may have used a few instruments to accompany these motets. In three of them the choir divide into eight parts.

The most famous motet from the Classical period is Mozart’s _Ave Verum Corpus_.

In the Romantic period (19th century), Anton Bruckner (1824-1896) wrote several motets which are still very popular with choirs, both in services and at concerts.
John Carmack

**John D. Carmack II** (born August 20, 1970) is a well known video game creator. He was one of the creators of id Software, a video game company, in 1991. Carmack was the main programmer of the first-person shooter games _Wolfenstein 3D_, _Doom_, _Quake_, and their sequels.
In 1999, Carmack appeared as number 10 in TIME's list of the _50 most influential people in technology_.

Carmack married Katherine Anna Kang in January 2000. Their son, Christopher Ryan, was born on August 13, 2004. In March 2006, Carmack was added to the _Walk of Game_, an event that names the most important people in video games.

## Sources

- Kushner, David (2003). _Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture_, New York: Random House. .