juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lesse

The **Lesse** () is a river in the Ardennes, in the Walloon region of Belgium. It is a right tributary to the river Meuse.

## Geography

The Lesse is  long. It flows roughly in a northwestern direction. Its source is near Libramont-Chevigny, in the Belgian province of Luxembourg. The mean discharge for Anseremme between 1995 and 2004 was 19.0 m<sup>3</sup>.

The watershed of the Lesse Basin, with an area of , has about . With only 62,500 people living there, it is the least densely populated of all small watersheds of Walloon region.

Part of the watershed of the Lesse is on limestone where there are some karstic phenomena. Near Han-sur-Lesse (commune of Rochefort), by the _Gouffre de Belvaux_, the entire river goes underground, flowing through limestone caves.

The Lesse flows into the river Meuse in the town of Anseremme, commune of Dinant, Namur province.

### Tributaries

From its source to its mouth, the main tributaries of the Lesse are:
- Our, left tributary; it joins the Lesse near Redu.
- Almache, left tributary; it joins the Lesse in Daverdisse.
- Lomme, right tributary; it joins the Lesse in Éprave.
- Wimbe, left tributary; it joins the Lesse in Villers-sur-Lesse.
- Vachaux, right tributary; it joins the Lesse in Ciergnon.
- Biran, left tributary; it joins the Lesse in Wanlin.
- Hileau, left tributary; it joins the Lesse in Houyet.
- Iwoigne, left tributary; it joins the Lesse near Houyet.

## Attractions

The valley of the Lesse and this part of the Ardennes are covered with forests. The area surrounding the caves is the National Park Lesse et Lomme. On the mountains along the lower part of the river there are several castles. The route of the former railway line from Houyet to Rochefort is used as a hiking and cycling trail.

Many of the caves along the banks of the Lesse are important archaeological sites - these include the Trou de Chaleux (by the Cirque de Chaleux), and the Trou des Nutons and Trou du Frontal at Furfooz.

It is possible to go down the Lesse in kayak or canoe from Houyet to Anseremme.

## Other websites

- Val de Lesse
- Contrat de rivière de la Lesse

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Lesse
- **image**: Han-sur-Lesse_Riv1JPG.jpg
- **image caption**: The Lesse in Han-sur-Lesse.
- **source1 location**: Ardennes
- **mouth location**: Meuse
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Belgium
Melanie Klein

**Melanie Klein** (1882–1960) was a British psychoanalyst. She was notable for her contributions to object relations theory.  Klein's theories and those of the other British object relations theorists had a major impact on John Bowlby's attachment theory. She also considered one of founder of child psychology with Anna Freud.
Hawaiian religion

The **Hawaiian religion** is a religion. It includes the folk religious beliefs and practises of the Hawaiian people. It started amongst the Tahitians and other Pacific islanders who landed in Hawaii between 500 and 1300 AD. Today, Hawaiian religious practices are protected by law.

Hawaiian religion is animistic. It is based on a belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as animals, the waves, and the sky.

Hawaiian mythology includes the creation stories and legends about the gods. There are several gods in Hawaiian religion and mythology. The four most important deities are Kāne, Kū, Lono and Kanaloa. The figures in Hawaiian religion consists of several groups. One way of dividing these groups is:
- the four gods (_ka hā_) – Kū, Kāne, Lono, Kanaloa
- the forty male gods or aspects of Kāne (_ke kanahā_)
- the four Hundred gods and goddesses (_ka lau_)
- the great Multitude of gods and goddesses (_ke kini akua_)
- the spirits (_na unihipili_)
- the guardians (_na aumākua_)

Another way of dividing them is into three major groups:
- the four gods, or _akua_: Kū, Kāne, Lono, Kanaloa
- many lesser gods, or _kupua_, each associated with certain professions
- family gods, _aumakua_, associated with particular families
Chaplin (movie)

***Chaplin*** is a 1992 American biographical comedy-drama movie. It is about the life of British comedian Charlie Chaplin. It was directed by Richard Attenborough. It stars Robert Downey, Jr., Moira Kelly, Dan Aykroyd, Geraldine Chaplin, Penelope Ann Miller, Anthony Hopkins, James Woods, and Kevin Kline. It's soundtrack was composed by John Barry. It was released on December 25, 1992 to mixed reviews.
Taps

"**Taps**" is a song. It is used as the final bugle call of the day ("lights out") and at solemn ceremonies such as military funerals. It was written in 1862 by General Daniel Butterfield, commander of a Union brigade camped in Virginia. "Extinguish Lights" was the original title. The words of the song (Day is done; Gone the sun) were written at later date. When or why "Taps" replaced the original title is unknown. The meaning of "Taps" is also unknown, but may refer to the sound of a muffled drum beat. Taps was adopted as part of military funerals in 1891.
Stock footage

**Stock footage** (also called **archive footage**, **library pictures**, and **file footage**) is movie or video footage that can be used in other movies. This type of footage is not made by the person who makes the movie. Instead, the footage has already been shot by another person and is being used by the person who is making the movie. People who make movies use stock footage because it's less expensive to use stock footage than it is to shoot new footage. A piece of stock footage is called a "stock shot" or a "library shot". Examples of stock footage that might be used include videos of cities and landmarks, animals in their habitats, and historical footage. Many websites such as YouTube allow people to view or download stock footage.
Children's Corner

***Children's Corner*** is a set of six piano pieces by Claude Debussy. It was published in 1908. The six pieces are: "Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum"; "Jimbo's Lullaby"; "Serenade of the Doll"; "The Snow is Falling"; "The Little Shepherd"; and "Golliwog's Cakewalk". The group is meant to suggest childhood. Some of the pieces were inspired by his daughter's toys.
The Afternoon of a Faun

***Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun*** () is a work for orchestra by Claude Debussy. It was inspired by a poem by Stéphane Mallarme. It was first performed on 22 December 1894 in Paris. The music was used for a ballet in 1912 designed by Vaslav Nijinsky.
Sylvia (ballet)

***Sylvia*** is a ballet. It was first performed in Paris in 1876. The dances were designed by Louis Mérante. The music was written by Léo Delibes. The ballet has a mythological setting. One of the best known musical numbers from the ballet is the "Pizzicato".
La Source

***La Source*** () is a three-act ballet. The dances were designed by Arthur Saint-Léon. The story of the ballet was written by Saint-Léon and Charles Nuitter. The music was written by Ludwig Minkus and Léo Delibes. The ballet was first performed in Paris in 1866. A well known piece from the ballet score is the "Naïla Waltz".
Eureka, California

**Eureka** is a small city in California in the United States, and the county seat of Humboldt County. In 2020, 26,512 people lived there. It is  north of San Francisco.

## Climate

Eureka has a very mild-temperate climate with only very small temperature fluctuations between summer and winter. This is due to the cool California Current, whose water temperature is between  and  all year round. Under the Köppen climate classification, Eureka has a cool-summer Mediterranean climate (_Csb_), due to the low rainfall during summer.

The average summer temperatures in Eureka are much cooler than in New York City and Istanbul, which are on the same latitude. Summer temperatures are unusually cool for the 40th latitude, and are similar to those of southern Alaska, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Tierra del Fuego in the extreme south of Chile and Argentina, which are far north and south of the 50th latitude. The average winter temperatures are also much milder than in New York and Istanbul, and in contrast to these two cities, frost and snow do not occur every year. Snow is particularly rare and falls at most once or twice a decade.
A German Requiem

***A German Requiem*** is a musical work for soprano and baritone soloists, choir and orchestra. It was written by Johannes Brahms. It was first performed in Leipzig, Germany in February 1869.
The Pearl Fishers

***The Pearl Fishers*** is an opera by Georges Bizet. The libretto was written by Eugène Cormon and Michel Carré. It was first performed in Paris on 30 September 1863. The opera is set in ancient Ceylon, which is now called Sri Lanka. It tells the story of two men who are best friends, but love the same woman, who is a priestess. It was generally disliked at the time, especially by the newspapers. After his death, it has been more popular and is now regularly played across the world.
Jeux d'enfants

***Jeux d'enfants*** () is a set of 12 piano duets by Georges Bizet. The set was published in 1871. The pieces describe children's toys and games. The set was later orchestrated. George Balanchine made two ballets based on the music. He used the whole set for a ballet in 1955. He used a few pieces for _The Steadfast Tin Soldier_ in 1975.
Les Troyens

***Les Troyens*** is an opera by Hector Berlioz. Berlioz wrote the words and music between 1856 and 1858. The opera is based on Virgil's _Aeneid_. It took many years for the opera to be performed. It was very long. Berlioz cut the opera to the last three acts. They were performed in Paris in November 1863.
Bluebeard's Castle

***Bluebeard's Castle*** is a one-act opera by Béla Bartók. The words are written in Hungarian. The opera is based on the 1697 French fairy tale "Bluebeard" by Charles Perrault. There are only two characters in the opera: Bluebeard and his wife Judith. The opera was written in 1911. It was first performed in Budapest in 1918.
Twerking

**Twerking** is a dance style. The dancer (usually a female) shakes and bounces (jiggles) her buttocks in a sexually provocative manner while in a low squatting posture. _Oxford Dictionaries_ defines 'twerking' as a verb: "dance to popular music in a sexually provocative manner involving thrusting hip movements and a low, squatting stance". Twerking drew a lot of attention in the United States when Miley Cyrus did a twerking dance on nationwide television during the MTV Video Music Awards program in August 2013.
Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya Hill

**Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya Hill** is a hill in South Australia. It is in the Everard Ranges, about 22 km south-west of Mimili. The name consists of several Pitjantjatjara words made into one. It roughly means "where a devil urinates" (a __ is a bad spirit). It is the longest place name in Australia.

## Other websites

- Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya Hill on Google Maps
Church of Anthrax

***Church of Anthrax*** is studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale and minimalist composer Terry Riley. It was released in February 1971 on Columbia Records label.

## Track listing

1. "Church of Anthrax"  (9:05)
1. "The Hall of Mirrors in the Palace at Versailles"  (7:59)
1. "The Soul of Patrick Lee"  (2:49)
1. "Ides of March"  (11:03)
1. "The Protege"  (2:52)

## Personnel

- John Cale – keyboards, bass guitar, harpsichord, piano, guitar, viola, organ
- Terry Riley – piano, organ, soprano saxophone
- Adam Miller – vocals on "The Soul of Patrick Lee"
- Bobby Colomby – drums
- Bobby Gregg – drums

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Church of Anthrax
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: John Cale and Terry Riley
- **released**: February 10, 1971
- **recorded**: 1970
- **length**: 33:48
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
Bayraklı

**Bayraklı** is a district of Izmir Province of Turkey. It is one of the metropolitan districts of Izmir. Bayraklı was turned into a district by a decree of the Government of Turkey on 6 March 2008. Before the date it was part of Karşıyaka.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bayraklı
- **pushpin map**: Turkey
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Turkey
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Turkey, Province
- **subdivision name1**: İzmir Province, İzmir
- **leader party**: Republican People's Party (Turkey), CHP
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Hasan Karabağ
- **leader title1**: Kaymakam
- **leader name1**: Kaan Peker
- **elevation m**: 86
- **population blank1 title**: District
- **population density blank1 km2**: auto
Chub (gay)

**Chub** is gay slang for a hugely overweight gay man. Chubs have their own social clubs. They have their own beauty pageants and other fun things to do. Smaller men who are attracted to chubs are called "chasers", "chub chasers" or "chubby chasers", "hairy fairy" is also a known term.
Agror

**Agror** is a valley in northern Pakistan. It is in Oghi Tehsil, Mansehra District, Hazara, in the province of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. It consists of three mountain glens,  long and  wide. The lower parts of the Agror valley contains many farms, villages and hamlets.

The main tribes and ethnic groups are the Hindko and Pashto-speaking tribes. These include the Swatis, the Gurjars, Awans and Tanolis.

## History

During the 17th century, the valley was ruled by a famous tribal leader of the Swatis. His title was the Khan of Agror. His real name was Akund Saad-ud-din. He was a _mullah_ or petty Muslim religious scholar, who obtained power over the local people of the Agror valley. In time, he established himself as the local 'Khan' or chieftain and controlled the whole valley. His capital was at Oghi town.

In 1888, during the period of the British Empire, the Khan's descendant, Ali Gohar, was removed from power. The title and estate were formally abolished. However, the Akund's descendants still use this courtesy title.
Henry Lau

**Henry Lau** (born October 11, 1989) also simply known as **Henry**, is a Canadian singer-songwriter. He works in Korean pop music. He can speak English, Mandarin and Korean very well, along with Cantonese, and a little bit of Japanese and Thai. He learned French in school. Henry released his first single in June 2013, which was called "Trap".

### Youth

Lau's father was born in Hong Kong, and his mother was born in Taiwan. He lived in Willowdale, Toronto as a child.

### 2007–2009: Debut

Lau appeared as a violinist in South Korean group Super Junior's music video, for their lead single, "Don't Don", which was also the title of their album, released in September 2007.

In October 2007, S.M. Entertainment announced that Han Geng, a member of Super-Junior and Lau were chosen to form a sub-group of Super Junior, called Super Junior-M.

### 2013–current: Return to Super Junior-M and solo debut

Lau featured in Girls' Generation performance of "Romantic Fantasy" on MBC's Music Core. He performed "I Am" by Yoon Mi-rae with Yuri and Hyoyeon on January 1, 2013.

Super Junior-M's comeback in June 2013, with their second album, _Break Down_, was released on January 7, 2013, along with the single, which has the same name. The Korean version was released on January 31, 2013.

On February 6, 2013 Lau was announced to be a contestant in the celebrity version of _MasterChef Korea_, airing on Olive TV.

On June 7, Lau released his debut single "Trap", along with the music video of it.

## Discography

- EP's:
- _Trap_ (2013)

- Digital albums
- _1-4-3 (I Love You)_ (2013)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **alias**: Liu Xian-hua
- **background**: temporary


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Henry Lau
- **image**: 헨리(Henry), 스윗한 미소 (현장) 2.png
- **caption**: Henry Lau in 2019
- **birth place**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **years active**: 2007–present
- **nationality**: Canadian
Flight of the Bumblebee

"**Flight of the Bumblebee**" is a musical composition by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov for solo violin and orchestra. It was written as an interlude for his opera, _The Tale of Tsar Saltan_ (1899-1900). The music depicts the buzzing of a Bumblebee in its flight. It is a popular piece, especially with children, and is often played outside the opera as a concert piece.

In 2019, Nintendo made an interpolation of the song for the battle royale videogame Tetris 99. it plays when there's only 10 players remaining in a game.
Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)

***Scheherazade*** is a piece of music by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. It was written for orchestra in 1888. The music was inspired by the Arabian Nights stories. There are four movements: "Sinbad the Sailor"; "The Kalendar Prince"; "The Young Prince and the Young Princess"; and "Festival at Baghdad". Fokine designed a ballet in 1910 for the Ballets Russes using the music.
Theo Peckham

**Theo "Teddy" Peckham** (born November 10, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Saugeen Shores Winterhawks.

## Career

He started his hockey career with the North York Rangers of the Ontario Junior Hockey League and played a season with them. He then moved on to play for the Owen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League for three seasons. He was drafted by the Edmonton Oilers with the 75th overall pick in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft. He debuted for the Oilers during a March 7, 2008 game against the Columbus Blue Jackets and scored his first goal during a November 11, 2010 game against the Detroit Red Wings.

On July 19, 2013, he was signed as a free agent to a one-year contract by the Chicago Blackhawks.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Theo Peckham
- **image**: Theo Peckham 2012.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Peckham in 2012 with the Edmonton Oilers.
- **birth place**: Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 246
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Left
- **league**: Allan Cup Hockey, ACH
- **team**: Hamilton Steelhawks (senior), Hamilton Steelhawks
- **former teams**: Edmonton Oilers
HC ’05 Banská Bystrica
Rødovre Mighty Bulls
- **draft**: 75th overall
- **draft year**: 2006
- **draft team**: Edmonton Oilers
- **career start**: 2007
- **career end**: 2016
William Tell Overture

The "**William Tell Overture**" is a piece of music by Gioachino  Rossini. He wrote it for his opera, _William Tell_. The opera was first performed in 1829.

The overture has four sections:
- Dawn;
- Storm;
- Call to the Cows; often used in animated cartoons to signify daybreak
- March of the Swiss Soldiers; famous for being the theme music for _The Lone Ranger_.
Cinderella (opera)

***Cinderella*** () is an opera by Gioachino  Rossini. It was first performed in Rome in January 1817. It is based on the 1697 fairy tale, "Cinderella" by Charles Perrault. The opera's title character is a coloratura mezzo-soprano. The overture has long been a favorite in the concert hall.
Valse triste

***Valse triste*** () is a piece of music for orchestra by Jean Sibelius. It was written in 1903 for a play. It was performed in concert halls and has become famous.
Violin Concerto (Sibelius)

The **Violin Concerto in D minor, Op. 47** is a piece of music for solo violin and orchestra. It was written by Jean Sibelius in 1904. It has three movements: Allegro moderato in D minor (2/2 time); Adagio di molto in B-flat major (4/4 time); and Allegro, ma non tanto in D major (3/4 time). It is the only concerto Sibelius wrote. It is considered one of the great violin concertos.
Michael Kostka

**Michael Christopher Kostka** (born November 28, 1985) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played a parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Blackhawks, Tampa Bay Lightning, New York Rangers, and Ottawa Senators. He also played for Skellefteå AIK of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

## Career

He started his hockey career with the Ajax-Pickering Raiders of the Eastern AAA Hockey League. He played 2 seasons with them and then moved on to play in the Ontario Provincial Junior Hockey League for the Ajax Axemen for 2 seasons and the Aurora Tigers for 1 season. He went on to play in college for the University of Massachusetts Amherst where he played 4 years for the Minutemen.

He went undrafted but was signed to a professional contract by the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League on March 25, 2008. He spent 1 season with the Sabres' AHL, the Rochester Americans and then two seasons with the new affiliate, the Portland Pirates. He returned to the Rochester Americans for the 2010–11 AHL season. He then signed a contract with Rochester's then-affiliate, Florida Panthers. The Panthers traded Kostka along with Evan Oberg, to the Tampa Bay Lightning for James Wright and Mike Vernace. He played for the Norfolk Admirals and helped them win the Calder Cup during the 2011–12 AHL playoffs. He was then signed as a free agent by the Toronto Maple Leafs to a one-year contract. He got his first NHL point during his debut NHL game against the Montreal Canadiens on January 19, 2013.

On July 19, 2013, He signed as a free agent with the defending champions, the Chicago Blackhawks to a one-year, two way contract.

On February 23, 2014, Kostka was claimed off waivers by the Tampa Bay Lightning.

On June 28, 2014, Kostka was signed as a free agent by the New York Rangers to a one-year contract.

On July 1, 2015, Kostka signed a one-year, two-way contract with the Ottawa Senators.

On g, the Senators traded Kostka along with Curtis Lazar to the Calgary Flames in exchange for Jyrki Jokipakka and a second-round pick. He did not play for them though.

On September 1, 2017, Kostka left the NHL to play oversees. He would sign a contract to play for Skellefteå AIK of the Swedish Hockey League (SHL).

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Michael Kostka - New York Rangers.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Kostka as a Ranger in October 2014
- **birth place**: Ajax, Ontario, Ajax, Ontario
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 210
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Right
- **played for**: Toronto Maple Leafs
Chicago Blackhawks
 Tampa Bay Lightning
New York Rangers
Ottawa Senators
Skellefteå AIK
- **draft**: Undrafted
- **career start**: 2008
- **career end**: 2018
Fifty Shades of Grey (movie)

***Fifty Shades of Grey*** is a 2015 American erotic romance-drama movie set in Washington (U.S. state).

## Story

The story is about BDSM, sexual relations, seduction and romance. An MPAA rating has not been decided, but the screenwriter, Kelly Marcel, has hinted at the possibility of this movie being marked NC-17.  It is based on the best-selling novel of the same name by E.L. James. The director is Sam Taylor-Wood. Dakota Johnson plays Anastasia Steele and Jamie Dornan plays Christian Grey.

## Casting

The casting of the film upset many fans of the novel. An internet petition was made to get Alexis Bledel to replace Johnson and Matt Bomer replace Charlie Hunnam. It did not work.

## Schedule

At first it was scheduled for an August 2014 release in the United States. In November 2013 the release date was changed to February 13, 2015.

Filming began on December 1, 2013.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Fifty Shades of Grey
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Sam Taylor-Johnson
- **screenplay**: Kelly Marcel
- **music**: Danny Elfman
- **cinematography**: Seamus McGarvey
- **distributor**: Universal Studios, Universal Pictures
- **runtime**: 125 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $40 million
- **gross**: $563.9 million
Juan dela Cruz

**Juan dela Cruz** is the national personification of the Philippines. He is often used to represent the common "Filipino". He is usually shown wearing the native _salakot_ hat, _Barong Tagalog_, long pants, and _tsinelas_ ().

## Usage

Activists often portray Juan dela Cruz as a victim of American imperialism. During the American period he is often shown with Uncle Sam in  many editorial cartoons. of the  often depicted him alongside Uncle Sam. In modern times, he is used to show the opinion and feelings of Filipino about their government and society.

The term, sometimes shortened to "Juan", also refers to the whole Filipino people.

Juan dela Cruz is the Spanish for "John of the Cross". The name is often used to refer to a anonymous Filipino,  like how John Doe is used to refer Americans. For women the term  **María dela Cruz** is used instead.
Flag of the Philippines

The **Flag of the Philippines** has two horizontal bands colored royal blue and red. The blue color symbolizes peace while red is for bravery. It also has a triangle on its left side, which is white in color that symbolizes cleanliness, with an 8-rayed sun and 3 stars, which are all yellow in color. The three stars symbolizes the archipelago's three principal islands, Luzon, Panay, and Mindanao. The eight rays of the sun of the flag symbolizes the provinces of Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Manila, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac. They were the first 8 provinces to be placed under Martial Law by Spain when the Philippine Revolution began since they were the first 8 who have fought against the Spanish colonial rule. The flag of the Philippines when hoisted upside-down shows that the country is at war. The flag was designed by Emilio Aguinaldo.
Bangsamoro Republik

The **Bangsamoro Republik**, officially the **United Federated States of Bangsamoro Republik** ()  was a former unrecognized breakaway territory in the Philippines. All countries consider the Bangsamoro Republik to be part of the Philippines. Nur Misuari, the chaiman of the Moro National Liberation Front declared the independence of the Bangsamoro Republik in Talipao, Sulu. Davao City is declared to be the capital of the state.

It was said to be a federal republic. The government was in exile. According to Misuari, the republic's territory covers the islands of Basilan, Mindanao, Palawan, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. These are places where the Bangsamoro traditionally lived. But according to Emmanuel Fontanilla, Bangsamoro Republik also includes the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak. Fontanilla is Misuari's legal counsel.

## Infobox (former country)

- **conventional long name**: United Federated States of Bangsamoro Republik
- **common name**: Bangsamoro Republik
- **continent**: Asia
- **status**: Unrecognized
- **p1**: Philippines
- **flag p1**: Flag of Philippines.svg
- **s1**: Philippines
- **flag s1**: Flag of Philippines.svg
- **image flag**: MNLF flag.svg
- **symbol type**: Coat of arms
- **image map**: Bangsamoro Republik locator map.svg
- **image map caption**: Area claimed by the Bangsamoro Republik
- **capital**: Davao City (_de jure_)
- **latd**: 7
- **latm**: 3
- **lats**: 52
- **latns**: N
- **longd**: 125
- **longm**: 36
- **longs**: 28
- **longew**: E
- **largest city**: Davao City
- **common languages**: None
- **demonym**: Bangsamoro
- **government type**: Federal republic
- **leader1**: Nur Misuari
- **year leader1**: 2013
- **title leader**: President
- **sovereignty type**: Independence
- **sovereignty note**: from the Philippines
- **established event1**: Bangsamoro declaration of independence, Declared
- **event start**: Bangsamoro declaration of independence, Declared
- **date start**: August 12,
- **year start**: 2013
- **event end**: Defeat in Zamboanga City crisis, Zamboanga
- **date end**: September 28,
- **year end**: 2013
- **established date1**: August 12, 2013
- **event2**: Recognition
- **date event2**: List of active separatist movements in Asia, None
- **utc offset**: +8
- **drives on**: right
Moro National Liberation Front

The **Moro National Liberation Front** (**MNLF**) is a rebel group in the Philippines. It was started by Nur Misuari in 1969. The MNLF fights against the Philippine government for the independence of the Bangsamoro Land. Over the years there have been several attempts to achieve peace between the MNLF and the government. In 1976 a treaty was arranged by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation but this failed. In 1986 President Corazon Aquino met with Misuari, and in 1989 the area was given a level of autonomy. President Fidel Ramos arranged a peace deal in 1996 which allowed Misuari to be elected as regional governor. Misuari led an uprising against the federal government in 2001, but this failed and he was sent to prison. The MNLF says that the territory of Bangsamoro Land covers Sulu, Mindanao, Palawan and Sabah (in Malaysia). The MNLF is an observer member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

## Other websites

- The Long Struggle to Silence the Guns of Rebellion: A Review of the Long and Winding Trail to the Elusive Peace Agreements by The CenSEI Report
- Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) (Facebook page)
Marlon Stöckinger

**Marlon Alexander Stöckinger** (born 4 April 1991 in Manila) is a Filipino-Swiss racing driver. He raced for Status Grand Prix in the 2012 GP3 Series. He is currently driving for Lotus F1 Team Juniors in the 2013 World Series by Renault. He is the first Filipino to win a formula race in Europe.

Stöckinger is the 2006 Asian Karting Champion, 2007 Philippine Rotax Max Champion and the 2008 Formula BMW Pacific Scholarship Winner.

## Early life

Stöckinger was born in Manila, Philippines. He is the son of a Swiss businessman and racing enthusiast, Tom Stöckinger, and a Filipina woman, Egin San Pedro. He grew up in the Philippines. When he became 17 he went to Europe to be a racing driver.

## Other websites

- Marlon Stöckinger's personal website
ClariS

**ClariS** is a Japanese pop music duo and idol unit. The members are high-school girls Clara and Alice from Hokkaido. ClariS was originally known as "Alice Clara". ClariS began singing covers of songs mostly featured in anime and songs originally sung by Vocaloids. They posted their cover song in Nico Nico Douga video sharing website between October 2009 and June 2010. In September 2010, ClariS was signed to SME Records. They released their first single "Irony" in October 2010. That song was used as the opening theme to the 2010 anime _Oreimo_. ClariS released six more singles between 2011 and 2013. Their debut album _Birthday_ was released in April 2012.

## Other websites

- Official site
- Official website as Alice Clara

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: ClariS
- **caption**: An official illustration of ClariS by Hiro Kanzaki depicting Clara (left) and Alice (right).
- **image size**: 250 px
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Hokkaido, Japan
- **genre**: J-pop, synthpop, pop rock
- **years active**: 2009–present
- **label**: Sony Music Entertainment Japan, SME Records
Philippine eagle

The **Philippine eagle** (_Pithecophaga jefferyi_) is a bird of prey that can be found only in the Philippines. It is also called the **monkey-eating eagle**, as well as _agila_ ("eagle"), _haribon_, _haring ibon_ ("king bird") and _banog_ ("kite") by the locals. This eagle is known to be the largest eagle in wing surface and length. It is the national bird of the Philippines. The Philippine eagle is protected by law in the Philippines. learning that the Philippine Eagle has been found in danger, it has been made to be the national bird of the Philippines.

## Home and Protection

Cutting down a large number of trees (Deforestation) is one of the important reasons why the Philippine Eagle is in danger. Scientists have learned that the eagle lives in the eastern Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and that many eagles live in Mindanao. The eagle is known to live a long time, but it is still unknown how long it can live in the wild. The Philippines made this eagle the national bird in 4 July 1995 for a reason - to give attention to this bird. Gaining a lot of attention, the Philippines held events such as "The Philippine Eagle Foundation" in order to save this eagle http://www.philippineeagle.org/foundation/ .

## Preferred Food

The people of the Philippines have learned that the Philippine Eagle likes eating flying lemurs, monkeys and dogs and civets http://www.philippineeagle.org/biology/ . The eagle's known food is only in Mindanao. It is unknown in the eastern Luzon what the eagle eats, because flying lemurs live in the home of Mindanao and are not present in Luzon http://www.philippineeagle.org/biology/ . The eagle's preferred food can change depending on the time of the season or where the eagle lives. The eagle's preferred animals are mostly animals that live in trees.

## Related pages

- Haast's Eagle

## Other websites

- Philippine Eagle Foundation.  A foundation devoted to saving the Philippine Eagle.
- Animal Diversity Web – Pithecophaga jefferyi
- National Geographic Magazine – "The Lord of the Forest"
- Bringing Back Ol' Blue Eyes  – article on Philippine Eagle Foundation work on Mindanao
Shifty Adventures in Nookie Wood

***Shifty Adventures in Nookie Wood*** is the fifteenth studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in October 2012. It was his first full-length album on Double Six Records label.

## Personnel

- John Cale − vocals, keyboards, piano, organ, synthesizer, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, electric viola, bass guitar, percusions, programming
- Dustin Boyer − guitars, synthesizer, background vocals
- Michael Jerome Moore − drums, percusions, cajón
- Joey Maramba − bass guitar
- Danger Mouse − bass guitar, synthesizer and programming on "I Wanna Talk 2 U"
- Erik Sanko − bass guitar on "Scotland Yard"
- Eden Cale − background vocals on "Hemingway"

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Shifty Adventures in Nookie Wood
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: John Cale
- **released**: October 2012
- **genre**: Rock and roll, Rock
- **length**: 53:53
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Double Six Records, Double Six
- **producer**: John Cale
- **prev title**: Extra Playful
- **prev year**: 2011
- **next title**: MFANS, M:FANS
- **next year**: 2016
Tlazolteotl

**Tlazolteotl** (or _Tlaçolteotl_) is an Aztec goddess. She is the goddess of purification, steam bath, midwives, sin and adulterers. In Nahuatl, the word _tlazolli_ means vice and diseases. Thus, Tlazolteotl was a goddess of filth (sin), vice and sexual misdeeds. However, she was also a purification goddess. Her dual nature is seen in her epithets; _Tlaelquani_ ('she who eats filth [sin]') and _Tlazolmiquiztli_ ('the death caused by lust'), and Ixcuina or Ixcuinan ('she of two faces'). Her sisters include Tiacapan (the first born), Teicu (the younger sister), Tlaco (the middle sister) and Xocotzin (the youngest sister).

She is the mother of Centeotl and Yum-Kax, the Maya maize god.
Washington Navy Yard shooting

On September 16, 2013, Aaron Alexis, a lone man armed with a shotgun, killed twelve people and injured fourteen others in a mass shooting at the headquarters of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) inside the Washington Navy Yard in Southeast Washington, D.C. The attack happened at around 8:20 a.m. in Building 197. Alexis was shot dead by police after he shot at them.

It was the second-deadliest mass murder on a U.S. military base after the Fort Hood shooting in November 2009, and the deadliest mass murder in the Washington metropolitan area since the September 11 attacks in 2001.
Looper (movie)

***Looper*** is a 2012 American science fiction action-thriller movie directed and written by Rian Johnson. It stars Bruce Willis, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Emily Blunt, and Jeff Daniels. It was released to positive reviews on September 28, 2012. Critic Roger Ebert gave the movie 3.5/4 stars. It won nine awards and was nominated for twenty-six.
Roman house

In Ancient Rome, several types of **Roman houses** existed. Those in Rome were of at least three different types ranging from tenement<nowiki/>s to mansion<nowiki/>s.

## Insulae

Ordinary people lived in apartment blocks called _Insulae_, a kind of apartment building. It housed most people of lower- or middle-class status (the plebs). The wealthiest from the upper-middle class (the equites) had their own homes.

Insulae were of poor quality but had running water and sanitation. Rooms could be owned or rented. They were built in timber, mud brick and later primitive concrete. They were restricted in height to about 20 meters.

Fires and collapses happened. Among his many business interests, Marcus Licinius Crassus speculated in real estate and owned numerous _insulae_ in the city. When one collapsed from poor construction, Cicero said that Crassus was happy that he could charge higher rents for a new building than the collapsed one.

## Domus

Houses of the rich and the upper classes were large and lavish. The atrium, the most important part of the house, was where guests were greeted. The atrium was open in the centre and was surrounded at least in part by portico<nowiki/>es with high ceilings. It often contained only a little furniture to give the effect of a large space. In the centre was a square roof opening in which rainwater could come and drain inwards from the slanted tiled roof. There were kitchen<nowiki/>s, bedroom<nowiki/>s, a dining room, and a number of open rooms.

The master's office was placed so that the master could see what others were doing. The _domus_ was not just a house but was a place to do business as well.

Servants would use a servants' entrance, not the main entrance. Slaves could not leave the house without the permission of the master.

## Villas

A Roman villa was a Roman country house built for the upper classes. There were two kinds of villas. The _villa Urbana_, was a country seat in easy reach of Rome or another city. The _villa rustica_ was a farm-house estate, like the later English country house, and was occupied by servants who ran the estate.

In the empire, there was a concentration of Imperial villas near the Gulf of Naples, on the Isle of Capri, at Monte Cicero on the coast and at Anticum (Anzio). Wealthy Romans escaped the summer heat in the hills round Rome, especially around Frascati (such as Hadrian's Villa). Cicero had at least seven villas. The oldest of them was near Appium, which he inherited. Pliny the Younger had three or four of which the example near Laurentius is the best known from his descriptions.

Large villas were important to the Roman economy. They dominated the Po valley, Campania and Sicily and were also found in Gaul. Villas were centres of mining, pottery or horse raising. Villas specialising in shipping olive oil to Roman legions in Germany were a feature of the southern Iberian province of Hispania Baetica. Some luxurious villas have been excavated in North Africa in Africa Province and Numidia. Another example is Fishbourne Palace, in Britannia.
Yomiuri Giants

The **Yomiuri Giants** is a Japanese baseball team based in Tokyo. They are owned by a major newspaper company, and are the most successful team in Japan. They play home games at the Toyko Dome.

## Other websites

- Japanball
Turquoise-browed motmot

The **turquoise-browed motmot** (_Eumomota superciliosa_) is a bird of the motmot family. It lives in Central America, from south-east Mexico (mostly the Yucatán Peninsula) to Costa Rica. The turquoise-browed motmot is a colourful bird, mostly turquoise, green and orange. It is common and not in danger. It lives in fairly open habitats such as on the edges of forests and scrubland.

The motmots live in the tropical forests of Central America. They are brightly coloured with a strong beak. They have a signature tail with two bare feathers ending in tufts, just like this bird. This effect is got by the tail feathers having no barbs along the middle section.

This motmot has other local names. Itis called _Torogoz_ in El Salvador and _Guardabarranco_ in Nicaragua. It is the national bird of these two countries.

## Other websites

- Motmot Research, Troy G. Murphy
Holyoke, Massachusetts

**Holyoke** is a city in southwestern Massachusetts. It is close to Springfield. The city was settled in 1745 and incorporated in 1850. Holyoke had almost 40,000 people at the 2020 census.
Nymphomaniac (movie)

***Nymphomaniac*** is a 2013 two-part erotic drama movie. It was directed by Lars von Trier. It is about a nymphomaniac who meets an asexual virgin and tells him about her sexual adventures. In the movie are Charlotte Gainsbourg, Stacy Martin, Stellan Skarsgard, Shia LaBeouf, Uma Thurman and Christian Slater. The movie was released on December 25, 2013 in Denmark. It was released in early 2014 in some other countries. It was filmed in Germany and Belgium in 2012. _The Guardian_ gave the movie four out of five stars.

## Other websites

- Official website
Lauren Bush

**Lauren Pierce Bush** (born June 25, 1984) is a fashion model and designer. She is a niece of former President George W. Bush and granddaughter of former President George H. W. Bush. Bush was born in Denver, Colorado and raised in Houston, Texas.
Greg Wilcock

**Gregory** "**Greg**" **Anatole Wilcock** is an Australian diplomat. He is a career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

On 14 June 2012, Wilcock was made the next High Commissioner of Australia to Bangladesh by Bob Carr. He gave his credentials to Bangladeshi President Zillur Rahman on 19 July 2012.

His previous jobs overseas with the department were to Washington, D.C. and Jakarta. He also worked with the team that set up Australia's Embassy in East Timor.

Before arriving in Bangladesh, Wilcock worked in Canberra on Middle East policy. This was after he worked for almost three years as an adviser to Stephen Smith, when Smith was Australia's Foreign Minister and later Defence Minister.

Wilcock studied politics and international relations at the Australian National University and Monash University. He is married, and he and his wife have two young sons.
Louise Hand

**Louise Hand** is an Australian diplomat. She is a senior career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

On 29 December 2011, Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs, Martin Ferguson, made Hand the new Australian High Commissioner to Canada.

Before this appointment, Hand was worked for the Department of Climate Change as the Ambassador for Climate Change (2009–2011). Hand has served overseas as Minister and Deputy Head of Mission at the Australian Embassy, Jakarta (2005 to 2009), Ambassador to Cambodia (2000 to 2003), Counselor, Australian Permanent Mission on Disarmament, Geneva (1995 to 1998), and Third (later Second) Secretary at the Australian Embassy in Vienna (1986 to 1989).

In Canberra, Hand has held the jobs of Assistant Secretary in the Arms Control Branch (1999 to 2000), Director of the Ministerial and Executive Liaison Section (1999), Director of the Business Affairs Unit (1993 to 1994) and Executive Assistant to the Secretary (1992 to 1993).

Hand holds a Bachelor of Arts and Masters Qualifying degree from the University of Queensland and an MBA from Deakin University. She is married and has two daughters.

In January 2009, she was awarded a Public Service Medal for her work in Indonesia.
The Saint of Bleecker Street

***The Saint of Bleecker Street*** is a three-act opera with words and music by Gian Carlo Menotti.  It was first performed at The Broadway Theatre in New York City on December 27, 1954. The opera won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1955 and the New York Drama Critics Circle award for best musical. The opera is about a young woman in New York City's Little Italy who receives the stigmata.
Assemblywomen

***Assemblywomen*** is a satirical comedy by Aristophanes on the idea that women might be better than men at running the state.

The play is about a group of women, and their leader Praxagora. She has decided that the women must convince the men to give them control of Athens, because they could rule it better. The women, in the guise of men, sneak into the assembly and vote the measure, convincing some of the men to vote for it because it is the only thing they have not tried.

The women set up a government in which the state feeds, houses, and generally takes care of every Athenian. They enforce an idea of equality by allowing every man to sleep with every woman, but that the man must sleep with an ugly woman before he may sleep with a beautiful one.

There is a scene in which two men are talking. One of them is going along with the new government, giving his property to the women, and obeying their orders. The other does not wish to give up his property, but he is more than willing to take advantage of the free food.

The following scene has a pair of young lovers unable to make their tryst, as a succession of ever older and more hideous women attempt to and eventually succeed in dragging the man off to make love to him first, as laid down by the new laws.

## Background

After the oligarchy put in place after the war fell, Athenians asserted their democracy and equality very strongly. The play makes its point that excessive democracy has its problems.

## Longest word

In the play is what appears to be an exceptionally long word:
**Lopado­­temacho­­selacho­­galeo­­kranio­­leipsano­­drim­­hypo­­trimmato­­silphio­­parao­­melito­­katakechy­­meno­­kichl­­epi­­kossypho­­phatto­­perister­­alektryon­­opte­­kephallio­­kigklo­­peleio­­lagoio­­siraio­­baphe­­tragano­­pterygon**

In reality it is a series of words stuck together, not a genuine word. It describes a fictional food dish. Liddell and Scott translate this as "name of a dish compounded of all kinds of dainties, fish, flesh, fowl, and sauces". The Greek word contains 171 letters, which far surpasses that of Shakespeare's 27-letter long word, "honorificabilitudinitatibus" in his Love's Labour's Lost V.I.

It is a transliteration of the Ancient Greek word λοπαδο­τεμαχο­σελαχο­γαλεο­κρανιο­λειψανο­δριμ­υπο­τριμματο­σιλφιο­καραβο­μελιτο­κατακεχυ­μενο­κιχλ­επι­κοσσυφο­φαττο­περιστερ­αλεκτρυον­οπτο­κεφαλλιο­κιγκλο­πελειο­λαγῳο­σιραιο­βαφη­τραγανο­πτερύγων. It is the longest word to appear in literature.

The dish has at least 16 ingredients, including:

- fish slices
- fish of the elasmobranchii subclass (a shark or ray)
- rotted dogfish or small shark's head
- a dish of several ingredients grated and pounded together
- silphium (a type of plant used in classical antiquity as a seasoning and medicine, also called "laserwort"), a type of giant fennel plant
- a kind of crab, shrimp, or crayfish
- honey poured down
- wrasse (or thrush)
- a kind of sea fish or blackbird as a topping
- wood pigeon
- domestic pigeon
- chicken
- roasted head of dabchick
- hare, which could be a type of bird or sea hare
- new wine boiled down
- wing and/or fin
Night on Bald Mountain

***Night on Bald Mountain*** or ***Night on Bare Mountain*** is a piece of music (tone poem) for orchestra by Modest Mussorgsky. He completed it in 1867. It was first performed in 1886 in a version by Rimsky-Korsakov after Mussorgsky's 1881 death. The music depicts a witches' Sabbath on St. John's Night. The music was used in Walt Disney's animated movie, _Fantasia_ in 1940.
Iron deficiency anemia

**Iron-deficiency anemia** (British English: **iron-deficiency anaemia**) is a common type of anemia caused by not having enough iron in food, not absorbing the iron in food, and/or losing iron because of bleeding.

## Symptoms

Symptoms include pale skin, tiredness, and weakness.

## Diagnosis

Anemia can be diagnosed with a blood test by finding out if there is little enough hemoglobin in the blood.

## Prevalence

Iron deficiency causes approximately half of all anemia cases worldwide, and affects women more often than men. This is partly because most women have periods. There are probably more than one billion individuals who have anemia. Anemia is most common in areas like Brazil or Central Africa. Asia, Central America and Eastern Europe are affected too, with North America least affected.
Romeo and Juliet (ballet)

***Romeo and Juliet*** is a ballet. The music was written by Sergei Prokofiev. The ballet is based on Shakespeare's play, _Romeo and Juliet_. The ballet was first performed in Brno (now in the Czech Republic) in 1938. It has been re-choreographed many times, notably by Sir Frederick Ashton in 1955, John Cranko in 1962, Kenneth MacMillan in 1965, and Rudolph Nureyev in 1977.
Jenůfa

***Jenůfa*** is a three-act opera of realism with words and music by Leoš Janáček. It is based on the play _Její pastorkyňa_ by Gabriela Preissová. The opera was first performed in 21 January 1904 in Brno, (now in the Czech Republic). It was a great success when it was performed in Prague in 1916. The opera is about the murder of a baby (this is called infanticide).