Washington (state)

**Washington**, officially the **State of Washington**,  is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is north of Oregon, west of Idaho, east of the Pacific Ocean, and south of British Columbia. (British Columbia is part of Canada.)

There are more than 7,000,000 people in Washington. Most live in the western part of Washington, which gets more rain. About a quarter of the people live in the east part, where it gets less rain, and some parts have a desert climate. The largest city on the eastern part is Spokane, which is also the second biggest city in the state.

The Cascade Mountains go down the middle of the state and divide it into two sides. The state's nickname is the "Evergreen State" because it has a lot of pine trees. Washington was the 42nd state to join the United States, on November 11, 1889. It is often called "Washington State" so that it does not get confused with the nation's capital, Washington, D.C. The name "Washington" comes from President George Washington.

The capital of Washington is Olympia. Olympia is a small city on the west side of Washington, at the south end of the Puget Sound. Washington's biggest city is Seattle; Seattle is also on the Puget Sound.

Washington has many beautiful forests, rivers, gorges (gorges are small canyons), and mountains. Because it is next to the ocean, it has a long beach. However, because Washington is north of Oregon and California (the other two states on the West Coast of the United States), the ocean is colder, and usually not good to swim in.

The biggest universities in Washington are the University of Washington and Washington State University. The University of Washington is in Seattle. Washington State University is in a small town called Pullman. Pullman is on the east of the state.

## Geography and climate

The state of Washington has an extremely varied geography, and therefore an extremely varied climate. The map shows western cities have shipping access. These are the low-lying parts on the next to the Pacific Ocean. The western side of the mountains is wet and forested with conifers. Some areas are temperate rain forests (in the Olympic Mountains).

The central area is mountainous, including five volcanos: Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams. To the east of the mountains the land is dry and mostly dry grassland (high plains). Only one feature links the west to the east: the important Snake River, a tributary of the even larger Columbia River.

## Lists of Federal land and reservations

**National parks and monuments**
There are three National Parks and two National Monuments in Washington:
- Mount Rainier National Park
- North Cascades National Park
- Olympic National Park
- Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument
- Hanford Reach National Monument

**National forests**

Nine national forests are located (at least partly) in Washington:
- Colville National Forest
- Gifford Pinchot National Forest
- Idaho Panhandle National Forest
- Kaniksu National Forest
- Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest
- Okanogan National Forest
- Olympic National Forest
- Umatilla National Forest
- Wenatchee National Forest

**Federally protected wildernesses**
31 wildernesses are located (at least partly) in Washington, E.g.:
- Alpine Lakes Wilderness
- Glacier Peak Wilderness
- Goat Rocks Wilderness
- Henry M. Jackson Wilderness
- Juniper Dunes Wilderness
- Lake Chelan-Sawtooth Wilderness
- Mount Baker Wilderness
- Norse Peak Wilderness
- Olympic Wilderness
- Pasayten Wilderness
- Wild Sky Wilderness

**National wildlife refuges**
23 National Wildlife Refuges are located (at least partly) in Washington E.g.:
- Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge
- Little Pend Oreille National Wildlife Refuge
- Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge
- Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge
- Saddle Mountain National Wildlife Refuge
- San Juan Islands National Wildlife Refuge
- Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge
- Willapa National Wildlife Refuge

**Other federally protected lands**

Other protected lands of note are:
- Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area
- Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve
- Fort Vancouver National Historic Site
- Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park
- Lake Chelan National Recreation Area
- Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area
- Ross Lake National Recreation Area
- San Juan Island National Historical Park
- Whitman Mission National Historic Site
- 17 National Natural Landmarks

**Military and related reservations**

There are many large military-related reservations, like:
- Fort Lewis
- McChord Air Force Base
- Fairchild Air Force Base
- Naval Base Kitsap
- Hanford Site
- Yakima Training Center
- Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility (Bremerton)
- Naval Air Station Whidbey Island
- Naval Station Everett

## Related pages

- Colleges and universities in Washington
- List of counties in Washington
- List of rivers of Washington
- Mercer Island, Washington
- Walla Walla, Washington

## Infobox (u.s. state)

- **name**: Washington
- **official name**: State of Washington
- **image flag**: Flag of Washington.svg
- **flag link**: Flag of Washington
- **image seal**: Seal of Washington.svg
- **seal link**: Seal of Washington
- **image map**: Washington in United States.svg
- **flag alt**: Green flag with the circular Seal of Washington centered on it.
- **seal alt**: A circular seal with the words "The Seal of the State of Washington, 1889" centered around it from top to bottom. In the center, a man with gray hair poses.
- **map alt**: Washington is located on the West Coast along the line that divides the United States from neighboring Canada. It runs entirely from west to east. It includes a small peninsula across a bay which is discontinuous with the rest of the state, along with a geographical oddity under British Columbia, Canada.
- **nickname**: "The Evergreen State"
- **motto**: Al-ki or Alki, "bye and bye" in Chinook Jargon
- **anthem**: "Washington, My Home"
- **former**: Washington Territory
- **seat**: Olympia, Washington, Olympia
- **largestcity**: Seattle 1,936,826
- **largestmetro**: *Bellingham: 528,641
*Tacoma: 493,931
*Spokane: 492,426
*Olympia: 320,738
*Mariupol
(Vancouver): 314,106
*Yakima: 258,729
*Kennewick: 209,198
*Kent: 204,794
- **legislature**: Washington State Legislature, State Legislature
- **upperhouse**: Washington State Senate, State Senate
- **lowerhouse**: Washington House of Representatives, House of Representatives
- **senators**:

- **representative**: 8 Democrats
2 Republican Party (United States), Republicans
- **area total sq mi**: 71,362
- **area total km2**: 184,827
- **area land sq mi**: 66,544
- **area land km2**: 172,587
- **area water sq mi**: 4,757
- **area water km2**: 12,237
- **area water percent**: 6.6
- **area rank**: 18th
- **width mi**: 360
- **width km**: 580
- **length mi**: 240
- **length km**: 400
- **elevation max point**: Mount Rainier
- **elevation max ft**: 14,411
- **elevation max m**: 4,392
- **elevation ft**: 1,700
- **elevation m**: 520
- **elevation min point**: Pacific Ocean
- **elevation min ft**: 0
- **elevation min m**: 0
- **population demonym**: Washingtonian
- **officiallang**: *White American: 78.3% 9,640,872
*Asian: 7.4% 912,336
*Hispanic: 7.3% 898,934
*Black: 3.0% 369,829
*Other: 4.0% 492,561
**Median age: 31.7
- **population rank**: 13th
- **population as of**: 2020
- **2010pop**: 7,705,281
- **population density rank**: 22nd
- **medianhouseholdincome**: $70,979 (2017)
- **incomerank**: 11th
- **admittanceorder**: 42nd
- **admittancedate**: November 11, 1889
- **timezone1**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset1**: −08:00
- **timezone1 dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: −07:00
- **longitude**: 116°55′ W to 124°46′ W
- **latitude**: 45°33′ N to 49th parallel north, 49° N
- **postal code**: WA
- **tradabbreviation**: Wash.
- **iso code**: US-WA
- **website**: access.wa.gov
- **2010densityus**: 189.3
- **2010density**: 72.6


## Infobox (u.s. state symbols)

- **name**: Washington
- **flag**: Flag of Washington.svg
- **seal**: Seal of Washington.svg
- **amphibian**: Pacific tree frog, Pacific chorus frog
- **bird**: American goldfinch
- **fish**: Steelhead trout
- **flower**: Rhododendron macrophyllum, Rhododendron
- **grass**: Pseudoroegneria spicata, Bluebunch wheatgrass
- **insect**: Green Darner
- **mammal**: Olympic marmot/Killer whale, Orca
- **tree**: Tsuga heterophylla, Western Hemlock
- **dance**: Square dance
- **food**: Apple
- **gemstone**: Petrified wood
- **ships**: _Lady Washington_
- **soil**: Tokul
- **tartan**: Washington state tartan
- **other**: Vegetable: Sweet onion
- **route marker**: WA-20.svg
- **quarterreleasedate**: 2007