juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden

**Gustav II Adolf** (19 December 1594 – 16 November 1632) was the King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632. He is known in English as **Gustavus Adolphus**.

He is often said to have made Sweden a great power. (). He is also said to be one of the best military leaders of all time. Gustav led Sweden to be a military power during the Thirty Years' War and spent most of his reign fighting.

## Life

Gustavus Adolphus was born in Stockholm. His parents were Charles IX of Sweden and his second wife, Christina of Holstein-Gottorp. When his father died in October 1611, while Gustavus was only 16 years old, he became King of Sweden.

Gustavus married Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg. Their daughter Christina later became Queen of Sweden.

In June 1630 he landed in Germany, starting the Swedish fight in the Thirty Year's War on the Anti-Imperial Protestant side, which was losing at the time. With Sweden's help the situation flipped so that the Protestants were winning.

Gustavus died in the Battle of Lützen in 1632 while leading a cavalry attack.

## Gustavus Adolphus Day

Gustavus Adolphus Day is on 6 November. Every year it is celebrated in Sweden, Estonia and Finland. On this day only, a special pastry is sold that has a chocolate or marzipan medallion of the king.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Gustav II Adolf
- **succession**: King of Sweden
- **image**: Gustav II of Sweden.jpg
- **coronation**: 12 October 1617
- **predecessor**: Charles IX of Sweden, Charles IX
- **successor**: Christina of Sweden, Christina
- **spouse**: Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg
- **issue**: Christina of Sweden, Christina
- **religion**: Lutheranism, Lutheran
- **house**: House of Vasa
- **father**: Charles IX of Sweden, Charles IX
- **mother**: Christina of Holstein-Gottorp
- **birth date**: 19 December 1594
- **birth place**: Castle Tre Kronor, Sweden
- **death place**: Lützen, Electorate of Saxony
- **burial date**: 22 June 1634
- **burial place**: Riddarholmen Church, Stockholm
Josh Klinghoffer

**Josh Adam Klinghoffer** (born October 3, 1979) is an American musician. He is best known as being the guitarist of the Red Hot Chili Peppers from 2009 to 2019.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Josh Klinghoffer
- **image**: Red Hot Chili Peppers - Rock in Rio Madrid 2012 - 22.jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Joshua Klinghoffer
- **origin**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
- **genre**: Rock
- **instrument**: Guitar
- **years active**: 1995–present
- **associated acts**: Red Hot Chili Peppers
Bernard Sahlins

**Bernard "Bernie" Sahlins** (1922 – June 16, 2013) was an American writer, television and theatre director, and comedian. He was best known as a founder of The Second City improvisational comedy troupe with Paul Sills and Howard Alk in 1959. Sahlins also opened the Second City Theatre in Toronto in 1973.

Sahlins was born in 1922 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at the University of Chicago in 1943. On June 16, 2013, Sahlins died at his home from natural causes in Chicago, Illinois, aged 90.  He was survived by his wife, Jane Nicholl Sahlins.
Stan Lopata

**Stanley Edward Lopata** (September 12, 1925 – June 15, 2013) was an American professional baseball player. Lopata played in Major League Baseball as a catcher for parts of 13 seasons with the Philadelphia Phillies and Milwaukee Braves. A two-time all-star, he was the first National League catcher to wear glasses.

Lopata was born on September 12, 1925 in Delray, Michigan. He studied at Southwestern High School. Lopata died on June 15, 2013 from heart failure in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 87.

## Other websites

- Stan Lopata at the Society for American Baseball Research Biography Project
Michael Hastings (journalist)

**Michael Mahon Hastings** (January 28, 1980 – June 18, 2013) was an American journalist, writer and reporter for BuzzFeed. The son of doctors Molly and Brent Hastings, he graduated from Rice Memorial High School in South Burlington, Vermont in 1998, and New York University in 2002.

He was a regular writer for _Gentlemen's Quarterly_ and a contributing editor at _Rolling Stone_ magazine.  From 2002 - 2008, he was a journalist for _Newsweek_ magazine, famous for his Iraq War coverage and book about the death of his fiancée Andrea Parhamovich _I Lost My Love in Baghdad: A Modern War Story_.

Hastings died in a 4:30am single-vehicle automobile crash in Los Angeles on June 18, 2013.

## Other websites

- Michael Hastings of Rolling Stone on the Story that Brought Down Gen. McChrystal – video report by _Democracy Now!_
- C-SPAN _Q&A_ interview with Hastings, January 29, 2012
- Michael Hastings on CNN debating the resignation of Gen. David Petraeus with Gen. Mark Kimmitt, Lt. Col. Rick Francona, and Piers Morgan

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Michael Hastings
- **image**: Michael Hastings election night 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Hastings with Valerie Jarrett at Barack Obama, President Obama's victory celebration at the McCormick Place, Chicago, Illinois. (November 2012)
- **birth name**: Michael Mahon Hastings
- **birth place**: Burlington, Vermont, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Road accident
- **nationality**: United States
- **known for**: Reporting from Iraq and Afghanistan
- **notable works**: Book _I Lost My Love in Baghdad; A Modern War Story_ and _Rolling Stone_, "The Runaway General"
- **occupation**: Journalist
- **spouse**: Elise Jordan
- **footnotes**: Profile in Contemporary Authors Online
Carly Rose Sonenclar

**Carly Rose Sonenclar** (born April 20, 1999) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. In 2012, Sonenclar finished in second place in season 2 of _The X Factor USA_.

She started her career as an actress on Broadway in 2006, and she also played Gilda in the television show _The Electric Company_. She later became a singer, and sang the National Anthem at sporting events.

In 2012, Sonenclar auditioned for _The X Factor USA_ season two, singing the song "Feeling Good", which gave her praise from the judges. During the season, Sonenclar was normally among the top two most voted contestants, along with Tate Stevens. In the finale, Sonenclar finished in second behind Stevens.

In 2013, Sonenclar signed with record label Syco Music.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Carly Rose Sonenclar
- **image**: Carly Rose Sonenclar X Factor 2012 (2).jpg
- **caption**: The X Factor , 2012
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: New York City, New York
- **genre**: Contemporary R&B, R&B, Pop music, pop
- **occupation**: Singer, actress, songwriter
- **instrument**: Vocals, piano
- **years active**: 2006-present
- **label**: Syco Music, Syco (2013-present)
Eternal Flame

**"Eternal Flame"** is a 1989 ballad by The Bangles. It is from their 1988 album _Everything_. It became a hit when it was released in February 1989 in the United States. It hit #1 in other countries, including Australia. With this song, the Bangles became the third girl group to have many number one songs in the United States, after The Supremes (twelve) and The Shirelles (two).

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Eternal Flame
- **type**: single
- **artist**: The Bangles
- **album**: Everything (The Bangles album), Everything
- **recorded**: 1988
- **studio**: Studio 55, Ocean Way Recording (Los Angeles, California)
- **genre**: Soft rock
- **length**: 3:56
- **label**: * Columbia Records, CBS
* Liberation (Australia)
- **producer**: Davitt Sigerson
- **prev title**: In Your Room (The Bangles song), In Your Room
- **prev year**: 1988
- **next title**: Be with You (The Bangles song), Be with You
- **next year**: 1989
Tet Offensive

The **Tet Offensive** (Vietnamese: **Tết Mậu Thân**) was a military campaign during the Vietnam War that started on 30 January 1968. It was fought by the communist<nowiki/>forces of the Viet Cong in South Vietnam, which were aided by North Vietnam, against the non-communist South Vietnamese government, aided by the United States and other allies.

Its purpose was to surprise the enemy with attacks against military and civilian commands and control centers in South Vietnam.

Eventually, the Americans and the non-communist South Vietnamese managed to fight off the communist forces for a military victory. However, the massive fighting during the Tet Offensive made most Americans go from supporting the fighting in Vietnam to opposing it. The military and the government had told the Americans that the their country was close to winning. After that was disproved by the offensive, the US was said to have won the battle but to have lost the war.

## Other websites

- Bibliography: The Tet Offensive and the Battle of Khe Sanh
- Photographic history of 1st Air Cavalry Division Lurp / Rangers in the 1968 Tet Offensive
- "Saigon, Target Zero" (1968) Tet Offensive film from the USA National Archives and Records Administration
- United States History: Tet Offensive

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Tet Offensive
_Tết Mậu Thân_
- **partof**: the Vietnam War
- **image**: Tet-Offensive-Map.jpg
- **caption**: Some Communist targets during the Tet Offensive
- **date**: Phase 1: 30 January – 28 March 1968
Phase 2: 5 May – 15 June 1968
Phase 3: 17 August – 23 September 1968
- **place**: South Vietnam
- **result**: US and South Vietnamese tactical victory
North Vietnamese propaganda, political, and strategic victory
Depletion of Viet Cong leading to replacement by North Vietnamese
- **combatant1**:

- **combatant2**: Viet Cong
 North Vietnam
- **commander1**: William Westmoreland
- **commander2**: Hoàng Văn Thái
- **strength1**: ~1,000,000
- **strength2**: ~323,000 - 595,000
- **casualties1**: **In phase 1:**
 **South Vietnam:**
4,954 killed
15,917 wounded
926 missing

**Others:**
 4,124 killed
19,295 wounded
604 missing
**Total casualties in Phases 1**:
Approximately 45,820 casualties
 (9,078 killed, 35,212 wounded, 1,530 missing)
**Total 3 phases:** unknown
- **casualties2**: **In phase 1:**
Est. 17,000 killed and 20,000 wounded
**To August:**
75,000+ casualties
**Total 3 phases:** 111,179 casualties (45,267 killed, 61,267 wounded, 5,070 missing)
- **casualties3**: **Civilian:** 14,000 killed, 24,000 wounded
Division of Darling Downs

The **Division of Darling Downs** was an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was one of the original 75 divisions for the first Australian election in 1901. It was named for the Darling Downs region of Queensland. It included the city of Toowoomba and surrounding rural areas.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||William Henry Groom|Protectionist|1901–1901||
|||rowspan="4"|(Sir) Littleton Groom|Protectionist|1901–1909|
|||Commonwealth Liberal|1909–1917|||
|||Nationalist|1917–1929|||
|||Independent Nationalist|1929–1929|||
|||Arthur Morgan|Nationalist|1929–1931||
|||rowspan="2"|Sir Littleton Groom|Independent|1931–1933|
|||United Australia|1933–1936|||
|||Arthur Fadden|Country|1936–1949||
|||(Sir) Reginald Swartz|Liberal|1949–1972||
|||Tom McVeigh|Country, National|1972–1984||
Its famous members included Sir Littleton Groom, Cabinet minister and Speaker, and Arthur Fadden, Prime Minister of Australia in 1941.

The electorate's first member, William Henry Groom, died at the first Commonwealth Parliament meeting in Melbourne in 1901. His death led to Australia's first by-election, which was won by his son Littleton. The seat was abolished in 1984, largely being replaced by the Division of Groom.

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Darling Downs
- **state**: qld
- **created**: 1901
- **abolished**: 1984
- **namesake**: Darling Downs
A Hazy Shade of Winter

**"A Hazy Shade of Winter"** is a hit song performed by Simon and Garfunkel in the 1960s. It was covered by The Bangles two decades later. The song was released by itself at first, but was later released as part of the album _Bookends_, released in 1968. This single is about sadness during winter. The Bangles version was released in November 1987. Both versions became major hit singles. In the late 1980s, the Bangles' version became more popular than the first version.
Siddur

A ***siddur*** () is a Jewish prayer book. It has a set order of a list of Jewish prayers and blessings.

_"Siddurs"_, which come from a Hebrew root meaning "order", have a very long history and so they can be found in a number of versions in different streams in Judaism.

## Other websites

- Siddur Audio
Thomas Kuhn

**Thomas Samuel Kuhn** (July 18, 1922 - 17 June, 1996) was a Jewish-American physicist, and historian and philosopher of science. He introduced the idea of paradigm shift. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and died from lung cancer in Cambridge, Massachusetts, aged 73.

## Related pages

- Incommensurability

## Other websites

- Thomas Kuhn Online  (News, Philosophy, Biography, Bibliography)
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Grevenmacher District

The **District of Grevenmacher** () was one of three districts of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital was the city of Grevenmacher.

In 2015, the districts were abolished.

It was the easternmost of the districts and the smallest of the three districts, with an area of . It is the district with less people living in it with a population of 64,978 inhabitants and a population density of  inhabitants/km².

## History

When the districts were created on 24 February 1843, Grevenmacher was one of the three of the country.

On 2012, the communes of Burmerange and Wellenstein were made part of the commune of Schengen. So the number of communes changed from 26 to 24.

## Geography

The district of Grevenmacher is bordered to the north by the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, to the east by the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, to the south by France (the Moselle _département_) and to the west by the Luxembourg district.

## Composition

The Diekirch district has 3 cantons and 24 _communes_.

|||Canton||Capital||Area <small>(km²)</small> || Population <small>(2014)</small> || Density <small>(inhab./km²)</small> || Communes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Echternach|Echternach|185.5|17,477||8|
|2|Grevenmacher|Grevenmacher|211.4|27,295||8|
|3|Remich|Remich|127.9|20,206||8|

### Cantons and their communes

1. Echternach
    - Beaufort
    - Bech
    - Berdorf
    - Consdorf
    - Echternach
    - Mompach
    - Rosport
    - Waldbillig
1. Grevenmacher
    - Betzdorf
    - Biwer
    - Flaxweiler
    - Grevenmacher
    - Junglinster
    - Manternach
    - Mertert
    - Wormeldange
1. Remich
    - Bous
    - Dalheim
    - Lenningen
    - Mondorf-les-Bains
    - Remich
    - Schengen
    - Stadtbredimus
    - Waldbredimus

## Infobox (settlement)

- **parts type**: Subdivisions
- **p1**: 3 Cantons of Luxembourg, cantons
24 Communes of Luxembourg, communes
- **name**: Grevenmacher District
- **settlement type**: Districts of Luxembourg, District
- **image map**: Distrikt Grevenmacher in Luxembourg.svg
- **map caption**: Location of the Grevenmacher district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Luxembourg
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 24 February 1843
- **seat type**: Capital city, Capital
- **seat**: Grevenmacher
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 524.8
- **population as of**: 2014
- **population total**: 64978
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **iso code**: LU-G
Eva Cassidy

**Eva Marie Cassidy** (February 2, 1973 - November 2, 2006) was an American singer, vocalist and musician. She was born in Washington, D.C. to a German immigrant mother and father of Scottish-Irish ancestry. She performed pop, country and jazz music. In 2002, she released her first album, _The Other Side_.

Cassidy died in Bowie, Maryland, of malignant melanoma, aged thirty-three.
Julia Ormond

**Julia Karin Ormond** (born 4 January 1965 in Surrey, England) is an English actress. She starred in many movies, including _Nostradamus_, _First Knight_, _Legends of the Fall_ and _Sabrina_. She also starred on television shows, including _Nurse Jackie_ and _Temple Grandin_.
Digital Audio Tape

**Digital Audio Tape** is a magnetic tape that permits to record audio. The recording is digital, its quality is similar to that of a compact disc. It was developed in the 1980s to replace the compact casette. Like tapes used for recording video, the tape can only be played in one direction, the "cassette" only has one side. It competed with Digital Compact Cassette (DCC), and the Minidisc. Unlike these however, it allows for an exact digital copy of the source; DCC and Minidisc use lossy data compression.

DAT tapes were also used to back up computer data in the 1990s and early 2000s. Most computer DAT drives will not read audio DAT tapes.
Sex segregation

**Sex segregation** is a highly controversial culture-related definition for separation of people according to their sex. This can occur in both public and private areas. There are four levels for sex segregation: permissive, voluntary, administrative and mandatory.

It is always done in prisons and in military service. Socially it is done in sports, but not necessarily in mental sports. It is always done in schools in countries where the religion dictates it. Sex segregation is very unusual at primary school level.

Religion has its effects, but the Christian religion no longer mandates separation. It once did.

Clothing is the other area where differences occur. Again, Muslim countries still demand a dress code for women, but the rest of the world is more diverse. A point which is rarely made is that the simple wearing of clothes is often mandatory, and nude people may be arrested. Practice varies at certain places, such as the seaside.

## Related pages

- Racial segregation
- Sexism
- Social isolation
Digital Compact Cassette

The **Digital Compact Cassette** (DCC) was a format of magnetic tape, developed to replace the compact cassette. It competed with the Minidisc and the Digital Audio Tape (DAT), but neither format could replace the compact cassette. It was marketed as a cheaper alternative to DAT.

Equipment for the digital compact cassette was able to playback analog compact cassettes as well; recording could only be done to DCC, though. A DCC tape is similar in appearance to a regular cassette, except that it has reel access holes on only one side, and has a shutter covering both the tape and reel access holes, similar to the shutter on a floppy disk. This protects the tape and also prevents it from being accidentally inserted into an analog cassette deck. Some DCC players could also play analog compact cassettes (DAT players couldn't do so), these players would detect the cassette type from the presence or absence of the shutter cover.

Unlike DAT, DCC uses lossy data compression. This means that the copy of the data is not identical to the original. Audio data could be compressed to about 25% of its original size.

The main problem of the format was tied to handling: Finding a song in the middle of a 90 minute tape takes several minutes. With Minidisc it is instantaneous. Minidisc allows to delete or move tracks, features which the digital compact cassette cannot offer.

Even though some of the features were addressed (like rewinding a 90 minute tape in less than a minute), the format never gained much market share. The compression format used by DCC is based on MP1, which came before MP3. The CD-R, which is compatible with standard CD players, eventually replaced both DCC and MiniDisc for home audio recording. The CD-R also replaced analog tape.
Fat acceptance movement

The term **fat acceptance movement** refers to social movements seeking to change social attitudes regarding being overweight. The movement has a political and culture related background, and its activities include although are not limited to sports, shopping and fashion matters.

This movement argues that those who are overweight are targets of being discriminated against, threatened by hatred and subjected to major prejudice. There have been many debates within this movement.
Femicide

The term **femicide** refers to killing women. Feminist Diana Russell is one of the many early pioneers of the term; she defines the word as referring to killing women because of their gender. The term was first used around 1801 in England to represent the killing of women. The term has created controversy, and other feminists differ on what the word _femicide_ really means.

## Brazil

In Brazil, crime is in the Brazilian Criminal Code since 2012. The penalty for this crime is 12 to 30 years in prison.
Cinephilia

The term **Cinephilia** refers to when someone has a strong interest in cinema, movie theories and movie criticism. Since the silent era, there have been various waves of cinephiles, people with strong interest for cinema and movies. The movie community which may have been best noted in relations to cinephilia, however, are one that was developed during World War II around Paris, France. A major influx of foreign movies, alongside a screening program used with certain local movie clubs, generated interest for world cinema among the intellectual youth culture of the city. This community fostered a strong interest in directors and movies which may have been neglected, forgotten or simply not known in the West. Notable directors of French cinephiles in this period include although are not limited to Alfred Hitchcock and Orson Welles. This profession has become less connected with movie going due to presence of DVDs and VHS cassettes.
Avenue Franklin Roosevelt

**Avenue Franklin Roosevelt** () is a street in Brussels, Ixelles. It is next parallel to Bois de la Cambre, a forest in Brussels. Many houses there were built during the Interwar period. It is known as one of the most beautiful boulevards in Brussels. The Ixelles community opposes that people build shops or hotels and apartment buildings have to be no bigger than 16 meters high. There are many embassies and residences of ambasadors located on Avenue Franklin Roosevelt.

## History

The avenue was named "Avenue des Nations" () in 1922, after Leopold II came the visit de Universal Exposition from 1910. He said it should be a residential area.

In 1945, de "Avenue des Nations" becomes Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, in honor of the president of the United States, Franklin Roosevelt, who led his country during the Second World War and who died that year.

## Notable buildings

- The villa Empain is notable art déco villa hosting different art exhibitions.
- The villa Bernheim was occupied by Émile Bernheim, former President of the group À l'Innovation and now is an art gallery.
Bois de la Cambre

**Bois de la Cambre** () is a forest and park in Brussels. It covers an area of 1.23 km<sup>2</sup>. It used to be part of the Sonian Forest, but now it is separate, because of the growth of the city of Brussels around it in the 19th century, which reduced the size of the forest and divided it.

The main road around the lake has been closed to traffic on Saturdays and Sundays since the 1990s.

In 1815, on the eve of the Battle of Waterloo, the British soldiers played cricket on land that is now part of the Bois de la Cambre.

There is a park that includes horse rides, an ice rink, boating activities and fishing are organized. Bois de la Cambre is connected to the Sonian Forest as in the past it used to be part of it. Three entries are from the Avenue Franklin Roosevelt.

## The Chalet Robinson

In the 1990s the Chalet Robinson was built on the an island on the lake. The restaurant was destroyed by a fire in 1991. The decision was made in 2006 to rebuild it and it reopened to the public in September 2009. An electrical boat has been made so you can pass from the shore to the island.

## Events

Two days per year there is a race, _24 hours race Bois de la Cambre_ that is played by the young scouts other activities are also organized for the young scouts. In 2013 the 24 hours race was canceled because of the cold, wind and rain. Other smaller events are also organized in the park.
Sometimes, sports demonstrations, outdoor concerts, processions coupling, theaters animation or games for children are held during the summer. In the last week-end of August the Fiesta Latina is organized which includes Latin food and concerts. In September an Eat festival was organized but the first two days were ruined because of the rain.
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas

***The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas*** is a novel written by John Boyne. Bruno's father is a commandant in World War II and the family moves house to Out-With so that he can work closer to concentration camps under the Fury's orders. After staying there for some time, Bruno makes friends with a Jewish boy named Shmuel on the other side of the fence. They meet up on their side of the fence whenever they can. On the day where Bruno is meant to move back to Berlin, he accidentally enters a gas chamber while attempting to look for Shmuel's father and dies while holding hands with the Jewish boy.

There is a movie of the same name based on it on August 28, 2008.

## Educational implications (or consequences in regard to education)

A 2009 study was done by the London Jewish Cultural Centre; The study (held or) conducted a survey in which 70% of (those who gave a response, or) respondents thought Boyne's novel was based on a true story.
Prader–Willi syndrome

**Prader–Willi syndrome** is a rare genetic disorder. It causes obesity, slow sexual development and low intelligence. People with Prader–Willi syndrome also have a higher chance of getting diabetes mellitus, and cannot have children. They are hungry very often, and eat much more than other people. It was first described in 1956. Prader-Willi syndrome is usually diagnosed with a genetic test. Prader-Willi syndrome has no cure. It can be treated with behavioural therapy.
Luxor

**Luxor** () is a city in Upper Egypt. In 2012, about 506,588 people lived there. To tourists, it is mostly known because of Karnak, as well as other tourist sites nearby.

Because the Ancient Egyptian city of Thebes is located in Luxor, the city has been called the "world's greatest open-air museum." On the other side of the Nile lies the Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens.

## Other websites

- Theban Mapping Project: website devoted to the Valley of the Kings and other sites in the Theban Necropolis
- Luxor World Heritage Site in panographies  - 360 degree interactive imaging
- GCatholic Copic epachy
- Luxor Temple picture gallery  at Remains.se

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Luxor
- **native name**:

- **settlement type**: List of cities in Egypt, City
- **image caption**: **From top, left to right:**
 Luxor Temple, Ramses II, Abu Haggag Mosque, Crocodile Island Resort, feluccas on the Nile
- **image flag**: Eg luxor1.png
- **flag size**: 125px
- **shield size**: 60px
- **nickname**: City of Palaces
- **pushpin map**: Egypt#Africa
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Luxor within Egypt
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Governorate
- **subdivision name1**: Luxor Governorate, Luxor
- **area total km2**: 416
- **elevation m**: 76
- **elevation ft**: 249
- **population total**: 506,588
- **population as of**: 2017
- **population density km2**: 1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi)
- **population blank1 title**: Demonym
- **population blank1**: Luxorian
- **postal code**: 85511
- **area code**: (+20) 95
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +02:00
California City, California

**California City** is a city in southern California that was incorporated in 1965. In 2020, 14,973 people lived in the city. The area has its own police and post office.
Fokker F27 Friendship

**Fokker F27 Friendship** is a twin-turboprop airliner built in Netherlands. It was designed to replace Douglas DC-3's airliners. It can carry between 48 and 56 passengers. Fairchild FH-227 is an American licence-built variant, and Fokker 50 is a modernized variant. Some of them were acquired by militaries as cargo aircraft.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: F27 Friendship
- **image**: File:Icelandair Fokker F-27-200 Friendship Wallner.jpg
- **caption**: An F27-200 in Iceland (1989)


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Airliner
- **manufacturer**: Fokker
- **national origin**: Netherlands
- **first flight**: 24 November 1955 in aviation, 1955
- **introduced**: 19 November 1958
- **produced**: 1955–1987
- **status**: Out of production, in active service
- **number built**: 586
- **unit cost**: -500: US$1.6M (1972)
- **variants with their own articles**: Fairchild Hiller FH-227, Fairchild F-27/FH-227
- **developed into**: Fokker 50
Fokker 50

The **Fokker 50** is a twin-turboprop airliner built in the Netherlands. A improved version of Fokker F.27. It can carry about 50 passengers. It is also a military cargo aircraft and a reconnaissance aircraft.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: Fokker 50 / Fokker 60
- **image**: CityJet Fokker 50 OO-VLN LUX 2010-2-27.png
- **caption**: Fokker 50 of CityJet


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Airliner
- **manufacturer**: Fokker
- **national origin**: Netherlands
- **first flight**: 28 December 1985
- **introduced**: 1987
- **produced**: 1985 – 1997
- **status**: Out of production, in service
- **more users**: Denim Air
 Virgin Australia Regional Airlines
- **number built**: 213
- **unit cost**: United States dollar, US$17.5 million
- **developed from**: Fokker F27
Francis Eaton

**Francis Eaton** was born ca. 1596 in Bristol, England, and died in the autumn of 1633 in Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony. He was a passenger on the _Mayflower_ in 1620. He signed the Mayflower Compact.

## In England

Eaton was the son of John Eaton and his wife Dorothy (Smith) Eaton. He was baptized on 11 September 1596 at St. Thomas church in Bristol, England.  Eaton was a house carpenter. He married Sarah about 1618 and had a son named Samuel. The family left for North America in 1620 on the _Mayflower_.

## In North America

Sarah died in the New World during the winter of 1620-1621. Eaton married John Carver's servant Dorothy _____ before 1623. She died shortly after the marriage, leaving no children.

In the 1623 Division of Land at Plymouth, Eaton received four shares: one for himself, one for his deceased first wife Sarah, one for his son, and one for his current wife Dorothy. They were all _Mayflower_ passengers.

About 1626, Eaton married Christiana Penn. They had three children: Rachel, Benjamin, and a child whose name is unknown but was called "an ideote" (mentally disabled).

## Last years

In 1631, Eaton began having money troubles. He sold some of his land, some livestock, and his house. He died some time between 25 October and 8 November 1633 at Plymouth. He died in debt. His estate included some livestock, fifty bushels of corn, some clothing, some carpenter's tools, some boards, fishing lead, and some kitchen items. He was buried in Burial Hill in Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony.

## References

- Caleb Johnson's Mayflower History: Francis Eaton
Hobomok

***Hobomok: A Tale of Early Times*** is a book by Lydia Maria Child. It was published anonymously in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1824 by Cummings, Hilliard & Co.  The story is about the marriage between a white woman and a Native American man. They have a son. The heroine later remarries, and rejoins Puritan society with her child. The theme of miscegenation crearted a scandal. The book was not a critical success.
MBB/Kawasaki BK 117

The **MBB/Kawasaki BK117** is a twin-engine, lightweight helicopter designed and built in Germany and Japan. It has both civilian and military uses. To 1992 it was built by Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm and Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Later, it was built by Eurocopter and Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Some were built under licence in Indonesia as **NBK117**. Eurocopter EC145 is a newer type of BK117, but without a Japanese partner.

## Bibliography

- Jackson, Robert, _Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft_ (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
- Gaillard, Pierre, _Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui_ Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .
- Frawley, Gerard, _The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003_ .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: MBB/Kawasaki BK117
- **image**: File:WA_Police_Polair-61.jpg
- **caption**: Australian police **BK117**.


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: helicopter, Lightweight helicopter
- **national origin**: Germany & Japan
- **manufacturer**: Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm, MBB and Kawasaki Heavy Industries
- **first flight**: 1979
- **introduction**: 1982
- **status**: Active
- **produced**: Production stopped in 2004.
- **number built**: 443
Sheree J. Wilson

**Sheree Julienne Wilson** (born December 12, 1958) is an American actress and producer.
She was born in Rochester, Minnesota. She was married (now divorced) to Paul DeRobbio, and has two sons: Luke (b. 1990) and Nicolas (b. 1997). She is best known for two television roles: April Stevens on _Dallas_ (1986 to 1991), and Alexandra "Alex" Cahill-Walker, on _Walker, Texas Ranger_ (1993-2001).

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: ShereeWilson2008.jpg
- **caption**: Wilson on the 2008 Trail of Tears Memorial Ride
- **name**: Sheree J. Wilson
- **birth name**: Sheree Julienne Wilson
- **birth place**: Rochester, Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1984–present
- **children**: 2
Slim Whitman

**Ottis Dewey Whitman, Jr.** (January 20, 1923 – June 19, 2013), known professionally as **Slim Whitman**, was an American country music and western music singer/songwriter and instrumentalist known for his yodeling abilities and his smooth high octave falsetto. He sold in excess of 120 million records.

Whitman was born on January 20, 1923 in Tampa, Florida. He was married to Alma Christ from 1942 until her death in 2009. They had two children. Whitman died on June 19, 2013 in Orange Park, Florida from heart failure, aged 90.

## Related pages

- List of country musicians from Florida

## Other websites

- Slim Whitman Lyrics
Robert Fogel

**Robert William Fogel** (July 1, 1926 – June 11, 2013) was an American economic historian and scientist, and winner (with Douglass North) of the 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

Fogel was born on July 1, 1926 in New York City, New York to Russian-Jewish parents. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Fogel graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1944. He studied at Cornell University, at Columbia University, and at Johns Hopkins University. Fogel died on June 11, 2013, at a health services center in Oak Park, Illinois of a short illness, aged 86.

## Other websites

- Nobel prize autobiography
- Review of Fogel's "Escape from Hunger and Premature Death"
- Lance Davis review essay on Fogel's _Railroads and American Economic Growth_
- Thomas Weiss review essay on Fogel and Engerman's _Time on the Cross_
- Podcast Interview with co-author Stanley Engerman on _Time on the Cross_ on EconTalk at Econlib
- RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) updated information about Robert W. Fogel
- Feature article in The University of Chicago magazine
- IDEAS/RePEc
Wilbert Awdry

The Reverend **Wilbert Vere Awdry**, OBE (15 June 1911 – 21 March 1997), was an English cleric, railway enthusiast, and children's author. Simply known as the **Reverend W. Awdry**, he was the creator of Thomas the Tank Engine, the central figure in his acclaimed _Railway Series_.

## Life and death

Awdry was born on 15 June 1911 in Ampfield, Hampshire. He was raised in Box, Wiltshire. Awdry was educated at Marlborough House School, Sussex (1919–24), Dauntseys School, West Lavington, Wiltshire (1924–9); St Peter's Hall, Oxford (BA, 1932), and Wycliffe Hall, Oxford.

He was married to Margaret Awdry from 1938 until her death in 1989. They had three children, Christopher Awdry, Hilary Fortnum and Veronica Chambers. Awdry died on 21 March 1997 in Rodborough, Stroud, Gloucestershire from natural causes, aged 85.

## Other websites

- Internet Archive: 'Original' Awdry Family Website – _contains some information not available on the later site_
- Internet Archive: Sodor Enterprises (publishing company) – _Formerly www.sodor.co.uk (Dead link discovered April 2010)_
- Rev. W. V. Awdry  –_ Biography at the Official Awdry Family Website_
- The Narrow Gauge Railway Museum, Tywyn, Gwynedd, Wales –_ Home of the Rev. W. V. Awdry's study_

## Infobox (writer)

- **honorific prefix**: The Reverend
- **name**: Wilbert Awdry
- **honorific suffix**: Order of the British Empire, OBE
- **image**: Rev W Awdry and Peter Sam - 1988-05-14 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Awdry in 1988
- **birth name**: Wilbert Vere Awdry
- **birth place**: Ampfield, Hampshire, England
- **death place**: Rodborough, Gloucestershire, England
- **occupation**: Anglican cleric, railway enthusiast, author
- **education**: Dauntsey's School
- **alma mater**: St Peter's College, Oxford, St Peter's Hall, Oxford
Wycliffe Hall, Oxford
- **years active**: 1945–1997
- **children**: 3, including Christopher Awdry
- **notableworks**: _Thomas the Tank Engine_
Eleanor Mondale

**Eleanor Jane Mondale Poling** (January 19, 1960 – September 17, 2011) was an American radio personality, television host, and actress.

Mondale was born on January 19, 1960 in Minneapolis, Minnesota to Walter Mondale and to Joan Mondale. She studied at St. Lawrence University.

Mondale was married to Keith Van Horne from 1988 until they divorced in 1989. Then she was married to Greg Malban from 1991 until they divorced a few months later in 1991. Then she was married to Chan Poling from 2005 until her death in 2011. Mondale died on September 17, 2011 in Minnesota from brain cancer, aged 51.

## Other websites

- Mirage at CityPages
- Mirage at Walker
Dansband

**Dansband** (**dance band**) is a term in Swedish that describes a band that plays **dansbandsmusik** ("dance band music"). It is used for bands in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden that perform live music from stage, allowing the audience to dance partner dance. Famous Swedish bands have been Curt Haagers, Ingmar Nordströms, Matz Bladhs, Sten & Stanley, Sven-Ingvars, Thorleifs, Vikingarna and Wizex.

Such bands were very popular in Sweden by the mid 1970s. By the end of the same decade, the genre began to go through hard times, due to the arrival of disco music.
Division of Griffith

The **Division of Griffith** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was created in 1934. It is named for Sir Samuel Griffith, 9th Premier of Queensland, Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, and principal author of the Constitution of Australia. It was represented from 1998 to 2013 by Kevin Rudd, who was Prime Minister of Australia from 2007 to 2010 and from June to September 2013. On 13 November 2013, Rudd announced that he would resign from parliament at the end of week and retire from politics.

## Boundaries

Griffith is in the inner southern suburbs of Brisbane, including Balmoral, Bulimba, Camp Hill, Carina Heights, Coorparoo, Dutton Park, East Brisbane, Greenslopes, Highgate Hill, Hawthorne, Kangaroo Point, Morningside, Norman Park, Seven Hills, South Brisbane, and Woolloongabba, and parts of Annerley, Cannon Hill, Carina, Holland Park, Holland Park West, Mount Gravatt East, Murarrie, Tarragindi, and West End.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Francis Baker|Labor|1934–1939||
|||William Conelan|Labor|1939–1949||
|||Douglas Berry|Liberal|1949–1954||
|||Wilfred Coutts|Labor|1954–1958||
|||Arthur Chresby|Liberal|1958–1961||
|||Wilfred Coutts|Labor||1961–1966|
|||Donald Cameron|Liberal|1966–1977||
|||Ben Humphreys|Labor|1977–1996||
|||Graeme McDougall|Liberal|1996–1998||
|||Kevin Rudd|Labor|1998–2013||
|||Terri Butler|Labor|2013–2022||
|||Max Chandler-Mather|Greens|2022–2025||

## Other websites

- Division of Griffith (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission
- Kevin Rudd's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Griffith
- **caption**: Interactive map of boundaries
- **created**: 1934
- **namesake**: Samuel Griffith
- **electors**: 92,573 (2010)
- **area**: 60
- **class**: Outer Metropolitan
Siw Malmkvist

**Siw Malmkvist** (born 31 December 1936) is a Swedish singer. She was popular in West Germany in the 1960s and 1970s.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Siw Malmkvist
- **image**: Siw Malmkvist.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **landscape**: Siw Malmkvist at Melodifestivalen 1961
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Siw Gunnel Margareta Malmkvist
- **birth place**: Borstahusen,
- **genre**: Schlager
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1957-
Over the River and Through the Wood

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"**Over the River and Through the Wood**" is a Thanksgiving poem by Lydia Maria Child. It appeared in the second volume of her _Flowers for Children_ in 1844. The original title of the poem is, "The New-England Boy's Song About Thanksgiving Day".

Boston College writes: "Starting with the familiar line, "Over the river and through the wood", this poem is easily Child’s most famous work. Child never revised the poem herself, but the verses changed over time, especially when they were set to music.

With its bouncing rhythms and high spirits, the poem draws on the writer’s childhood memories of visiting her grandfather’s house on Thanksgiving.  Having gained notoriety for her ideas about race, Child kept her antislavery ideals out of this volume in an effort to avoid controversy and boost sales. _Flowers for Children_ contains only two stories involving race, and they both avoid addressing racial prejudice head on. In this nostalgic poem, Child takes us back to the simple pleasures of a family holiday."
English Defence League

The **English Defence League**, or in short **EDL**, is a street protest group in the United Kingdom which is against Sharia law and Islamism. The group was founded in 2009 in Luton by Tommy Robinson. Groups including Unite Against Fascism (UAF) and Anonymous are against the EDL. EDL can also stand for the _European Defence League_, also founded by Tommy Robinson. Tommy Robinson left the EDL in October 2013. Tim Ablitt became the new leader. A report found that 81% of EDL supporters are male.
Koko Taylor

**Koko Taylor** sometimes spelled **KoKo Taylor** (September 28, 1928 – June 3, 2009) was an American Chicago blues singer, popularly known as the "Queen of the Blues." She was known primarily for her rough, powerful vocals and traditional blues stylings.

Taylor was born on September 28, 1928 in Shelby County, Tennessee. Taylor was married to Robert Taylor until he died in 1989. Then she was married to Hays Harris until her death in 2009. She had one daughter. Taylor died on June 3, 2009 in Chicago, Illinois from surgical complications, aged 80.

## Other websites

- Hoekstra, Dave. "Chicago legend and 'Queen of the Blues' Koko Taylor dead at 80," _Chicago Sun-Times_, Wednesday, June 3, 2009.
- Co-host of "Blues you can use", FM radio station WGVE 88.7, Gary, Indiana
- Interview with Koko Taylor on Centerstage Chicago (June 2007)
- "Queen of the Blues: Koko Taylor Talks About Her Subjects", interview by James Plath, 1994
- Wild Women Don't Have the Blues features interviews with Koko Taylor
- Koko Taylor - Daily Telegraph obituary
Jeopardy! Ultimate Tournament of Champions

The ***Jeopardy!*** **Ultimate Tournament of Champions** was a special tournament done during the 21st season of the American television game show _Jeopardy!_. 145 contestants who won past _Jeopardy!_ tournaments or won five games played in a 15 week tournament. It lasted from February 9 to May 25, 2005.

In this tournament, the two finalists from four rounds of play went against Ken Jennings, who is Season 21's biggest winner and, at the time, was the highest winner on a game show with $2,522,700. Those contestants played for a prize of $2,000,000. The two finalists were Brad Rutter and Jerome Vered. Rutter was the show's second-highest winner, while Vered had set a one-day winnings record of $34,000 in 1992. Rutter won the three-day final and the $2,000,000 prize, claiming the record from Jennings.

## Related pages

- Jeopardy! Tournament of Champions

## Other websites

- Official _Jeopardy!_ website
- J! Archive - recaps of all Ultimate Tournament of Champions games
Cyrus McCormick

**Cyrus Hall McCormick, Sr.** (February 15, 1809 – May 13, 1884) was an American inventor and founder of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which became part of International Harvester Company in 1902. He invented the crop machine the Reaper. From the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, he and many members of his family became well known residents of Chicago. The McCormick Place is named after him.

McCormick was born on February 15, 1809 in Rockbridge County, Virginia. He lived in Raphine, Virginia. He was married to Nancy Fowler from 1835 until his death in 1884. They had four children. McCormick died from a stroke on May 13, 1884 in Chicago, Illinois, aged 75. He is buried in Graceland Cemetery in Uptown, Chicago.

## Other websites

- Farm Equipment  on Antique Farming web site
- McCormick Family Financial Records  at Newberry Library
Frank Zamboni

**Frank Joseph Zamboni, Jr.** (January 16, 1901 – July 27, 1988) was an American inventor, whose most famous invention is the modern Zamboni, a machine that smooths the ice in ice rinks. The name "Zamboni" is a registered trademark for these machines.

Zamboni was born on January 16, 1901 in Eureka, Utah. He was raised in Pocatello, Idaho and in Chicago, Illinois. Zamboni died on July 27, 1988 from cardiac arrest in Paramount, California, aged 87.

## Other websites

- www.zamboni.com — Frank J. Zamboni & Co.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frank Zamboni
- **birth name**: Frank Joseph Zamboni, Jr.
- **birth place**: Eureka, Utah, United States
- **death place**: Paramount, California, United States
- **death cause**: Cardiac arrest
- **nationality**: American
- **known for**: invention of ice resurfacer and founder of Zamboni Company
Leo Carbol

**Leo Carbol** (June 5, 1910 – November 13, 1991) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman who played a total of 6 games in the NHL for the Chicago Black Hawks.

Carbol played most his ice hockey career with the St. Louis Flyers of the American Hockey Association and the American Hockey League with a combined 12 seasons. He also played 1 season for the Minneapolis Millers and 20 games for the Buffalo Majors of the AHA. He also played for the Detroit Olympics of the IHL.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **played for**: Chicago Black Hawks
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 170
- **birth place**: Ottawa, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **death place**: Missouri, United States
- **career start**: 1929
- **career end**: 1946