juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Miep Gies

**Miep Gies**, née **Hermine Santrouschitz** (born 15 February 1909; died 11 January 2010), was one of the Dutch citizens who hid Anne Frank and her family from the Nazis during World War II.

## Hiding Anne Frank

Gies found and kept Anne's diary after the Nazis found Anne and sent her to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Gies did not read the diary; she thought that would be rude. Instead, she gave it to Otto Frank, Anne's father, immediately after she found it in the annex where she hid the Franks.

Otto Frank put together Anne's writings, and they were first published in 1947. Today, _Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl_ has sold tens of millions of copies.

On her website, Gies stated:> I stand at the end of the long, long line of good Dutch people who did what I did or more – much more – during those dark and terrible times years ago, but always like yesterday in the hearts of those of us who bear witness. Never a day goes by that I do not think of what happened then.Gies died in 2010 at the age of 100.

## Righteous Among the Nations

On March 8, 1972, Yad Vashem recognized Miep and her husband, Jan Augustus Gies, as Righteous Among the Nations.

## Related pages

- The Holocaust
- World War II
- Anne Frank
- Righteous Among the Nations

## Other websites

- Miep Gies's authorised website
- Quicktime movie. Miep Gies, in her former office at 263 Prinsengracht, talks about the war years
- Quicktime movie. Miep Gies remembers how she met Anne Frank
- Profile of Miep Gies by the Anne Frank House
- 1998 interview with Miep Gies
- Image of Miep's wartime identity card
- Photo of Miep and Jai Gies, Bip Voskuijl, Victor Kuiler taken in 1970s
- Holocaust Rescuers Bibliography with information and links to books about Miep Gies and other Dutch rescuers.
- Miep Gies at Yad Vashem website

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Miep_Gies_(1987).jpg
- **name**: Miep Gies
- **birth name**: Hermine Santrouschitz
- **birth place**: Vienna, Austria
- **death place**: Hoorn, Netherlands
- **death cause**: Fall
- **occupation**: Humanitarian
- **children**: 1
Lists of settlements in England

These two pages comprise the **lists of cities and towns in England**:
- List of cities in the United Kingdom
- List of towns in England

## Lists of places within counties

The following are pages that contain the **lists of places in each county in England**, by county:

- List of places in Avon
- List of places in Bedfordshire
- List of places in Berkshire
- List of places in Buckinghamshire
- List of places in Cambridgeshire
- List of places in Cheshire
- List of places in Cornwall
- List of places in County Durham
- List of places in Cumbria
- List of places in Derbyshire
- List of places in Devon
- List of places in Dorset
- List of places in East Sussex
- List of places in Essex
- List of places in Gloucestershire
- List of places in Greater Manchester
- List of places in Hampshire
- List of places in Herefordshire
- List of places in Hertfordshire
- List of places in Isle of Wight
- List of places in Kent
- List of places in Lancashire
- List of places in Leicestershire
- List of places in Lincolnshire
- List of places in London
- List of places in Merseyside
- List of places in Norfolk
- List of places in Northamptonshire
- List of places in Northumberland
- List of places in Nottinghamshire
- List of places in Oxfordshire
- List of places in Rutland
- List of places in Shropshire
- List of places in Somerset
- List of places in Staffordshire
- List of places in Suffolk
- List of places in Surrey
- List of places in Tyne and Wear
- List of places in Warwickshire
- List of places in West Midlands
- List of places in West Sussex
- List of places in Wiltshire
- List of places in Worcestershire
- List of places in Yorkshire

## Related pages

- List of places in Northern Ireland
- List of places in Scotland
- List of places in Wales
Maidenhead (disambiguation)

**Maidenhead** can be:

- Maidenhead, a town in Berkshire in England

- An archaic reference to:
    - the hymen
    - virginity (_maidenhood_)

- Maiden Head, Somerset, a village in North Somerset, UK
Hubble Ultra-Deep Field

The **Hubble Ultra Deep Field**,  or **HUDF**, is an image of a small part of space in the direction of the constellation Fornax.

It took more than 3 months to capture this image, from September 24, 2003 to January 16, 2004. It is the furthest image of the universe ever taken by humans. In it we see the universe as it was 13 billion years ago, when it was about 800 million years old.

The HUDF contains an about 10,000 galaxies. The patch of sky where the galaxies are was chosen because it has few bright stars in the near-field. Although most of the targets visible in the Hubble image can also be seen at infrared wavelengths by ground-based telescopes, Hubble is the only instrument which can make observations of these distant targets at visible wavelengths.

Southwest of Orion in the Southern-Hemisphere constellation Fornax at right ascension 3h 32m 40.0s, declination -27° 47' 29" (J2000), the image covers 36.7 square arcminutes. This is smaller than a  square of paper held  away, and equal to roughly one thirteen-millionth of the total area of the sky. The image is such that the upper left corner points toward north (-46.4°) on the celestial sphere. The star near the center of the field is USNO-A2.0 0600-01400432 with apparent magnitude of 18.95.

In total, the image required 800 exposures taken over the course of 400 Hubble orbits around Earth. The total amount of exposure time was 11.3 days for the ACS and 4.5 days for the NICMOS.

## Later versions

On September 25, 2012, NASA released a more refined version of the Ultra-Deep Field called the **eXtreme Deep Field** (**XDF**). The XDF reveals galaxies that span back 13.2 billion years in time, revealing a galaxy theorized to be formed only 450 million years after the big bang event. On June 3, 2014, NASA released the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field image composed of, for the first time, the full range of ultraviolet to near-infrared light.

On January 23, 2019, the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias released an even deeper version of the infrared images of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field obtained with the WFC3 instrument, named the **ABYSS Hubble Ultra Deep Field**. The new images improve the previous reduction of the WFC3/IR images, including careful sky background subtraction around the largest galaxies on the field of view. After this update, some galaxies were found to be almost twice as big as previously measured.

## Related pages

- Hubble Deep Field
- Hubble Extreme Deep Field
- Hubble Space Telescope
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

**Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky** (;

19 September 1935) was a Russian who pioneered spaceflight. His works later inspired Soviet rocket engineers such as Sergei Korolev and Valentin Glushko.

## Early life

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was born on  at Izhevskoye, Ryazan Governorate, Russian Empire.

When he was 10, he had scarlet fever; because of that he had some problems with hearing. When he was 13, his mother died.

Due to the hearing problems, he was not admitted to the school, so he had to study by himself. He passed much of his time by reading books. Later, he became interested in mathematics and physics. As a teenager, he began to believe that space travel would possible.

## Education and career

Tsiolkovsky spent three years attending a Moscow library, where Russian cosmism proponent (who supports the library) Nikolai Fyodorov worked. He later believed that living in space would make the human race immortal.

## Other websites

- Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin E.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **image**: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in his working room (by Feodosiy Chmil), 1934.png
- **caption**: from RIA News 1934
- **birth place**: , Ryazan Governorate, Russian Empire
- **death place**: Kaluga, Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
- **nationality**: Russian
- **field**: Astronautics, Astronautic theory
- **known for**: Tsiolkovsky's rocket equation
Brisbane Broncos

The **Brisbane Broncos** are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in Brisbane, Queensland. They were founded in 1987. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won six premierships, most recently in 2006.
Kuril Islands dispute

The **Kuril Islands dispute** is a territorial disagreeent between Japan and Russia over the Kuril Islands. The Japanese government is asking for the restoration of sovereignty over Etorofu island, Kunashiri island, Shikotan island, and the  Habomai subgroup, which are under the control of Russia since 1945, after Japan lost World War Two.

## Other websites

- The history of the Kuril Islands dispute- Sputnik News
Okinotorishima

is an uninhabited Japanese island in the Philippine Sea.  The 3-sq.-mile atoll is part of the Palau-Kyushu Ridge.

## History

Okinotorishima is one of the Pacific Ocean islands known as Ogasawara, Tokyo.

Japan claims the waters around the island as an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ); but this is disputed by China.

## Geography

The Japanese government identifies Okinotori as Japan's southernmost island.  It is 1,700 kilometres south of central Tokyo.

Okinotori is at a militarily strategic point.  It is midway between Taiwan and Guam.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: Okinotori-shima, **Okinotori Islands**, **Parece Vela**
- **image name**: Okinotorishima2.png
- **image size**: 300px
- **image map**: Okinotorishima-en.svg
- **image map caption**: Okinotori-shima
- **native name**: 沖ノ鳥島, _Okinotori-shima_
- **native name link**: Japanese language
- **location**: Philippine Sea, Pacific Ocean
- **total islands**: 1 atoll with 2 islets
- **area km2**: 7.8
- **highest mount**: unnamed point
- **elevation m**: 1.5
- **country**: Japan
- **country admin divisions title**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefectures
- **country admin divisions**: Tokyo
- **country admin divisions title 1**: Villages of Japan, Village
- **country admin divisions 1**: Ogasawara, Tokyo, Ogasawara
- **population**: 0
Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyūshū

**Yahata Nishi-ku** is one of the wards in Kitakyūshū. It is the most populous of seven wards in Kitakyūshū. The ward has about 200,000 people living in it.
Wards of Japan

In Japan, a **ward** (Japanese: 区, **Ku**) is one of the divisions of a large city.

## Related pages

- Municipalities in Japan

## Other websites

- ; graphic shows wards compared with other Japanese city types at p. 1
Dreamgirls

***Dreamgirls*** is a musical.  Tom Eyen wrote the book and lyrics. Henry Krieger wrote the music. The musical was loosely based upon The Supremes, The Shirelles, and other all-girl groups.

The musical premiered on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on 20 December 1981. It closed on 11 August 1985 after 1,521 performances. It was released as a feature-length movie in 2006.

## Infobox (musical)

- **name**: Dreamgirls
- **music**: Henry Krieger
- **lyrics**: Tom Eyen
- **book**: Tom Eyen
- **basis**: The Supremes, The Shirelles, and other all-girl groups
- **productions**: Broadway (1981)
Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan

, also known as a  or ,  is a defined class or category of Japanese cities.  It is a local administrative division created by the national government.   These cities all have a population over 500,000 people.

## History

The designated cites or ordinance cities were created because of the Local Autonomy Law of Japan. Each city does many of the things normally done by prefectures.

### List

Cities designated by government ordinance recognized starting in 1956. There are 20+ of these cities, including
- _This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it._

- Chiba, 1992
- Fukuoka, 1972
- Hamamatsu, 2007
- Hiroshima, 1980
- Kawasaki, 1972
- Kitakyushu, 1963
- Kyoto
- Kobe
- Kumamoto, Kumamoto
- Kyoto
- Nagoya
- Niigata
- Okayama
- Osaka
- Sagamihara
- Saitama
- Sakai
- Sapporo
- Sendai
- Shizuoka
- Yokohama
- tokyo
- nakasaki
- doan

## Related pages

- Administrative division
- Urban area
- Municipalities in Japan

## Other websites

- ; graphic shows designated cities in context
Robbery

A **robbery** is the act of stealing from a person using violence or by causing fear of violence. A person who commits robbery is known as a robber.

A person who steals without using violence or fear (such as stealing items from a store, or pickpocketing, or car theft), commits theft, not robbery.

In some US states, however, Simple Robbery refers to the knowing procurement of an item or items belonging to another by force but without “aggravating factors” such as violence or weapons.

## Types of robbery

- **Armed robbery** - Stealing from someone using a weapon.
- **Aggravated robbery** - Stealing from someone using a deadly weapon, such as a gun.
- **Highway robbery** - Often known as _mugging_, stealing from someone in a public place.
- **Carjacking** - Stealing someones car, by force.

## Notable robberies

- _Great Train Robbery_ - £2.6million was stolen from a train on 8 August 1963 by 15 people, including Bruce Reynolds, Ronnie Biggs, Buster Edwards and Brian Field. The money was never recovered. It was the largest robbery in British history until 2006.
United States Atomic Energy Commission

The **United States Atomic Energy Commission** was an agency of the United States government, started after World War II by the United States Congress. It was made to help the development of atomic science and technology. This was because the control of atomic energy was transferred from the military to the people after president Harry S. Truman signed the McMahon/Atomic Energy Act in 1946. Congress then declared that atomic energy should be used for peace, not nuclear war.

## Other websites

- http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/atomic-energy-commission.html
Your Show of Shows

***Your Show of Shows*** is a 90-minute long American variety sketch comedy television series appearing weekly in the United States on NBC, from February 25, 1950 until June 5, 1954. The main people of the show were Sid Caesar and Imogene Coca. Other people who appeared were Carl Reiner, Howard Morris, Nanette Fabray, Bill Hayes, Judy Johnson, The Hamilton Trio and the soprano Marguerite Piazza. José Ferrer also appeared on the show sometimes, as a guest.

Writers for the show included Mel Brooks, Neil Simon, Danny Simon, Larry Gelbart, Mel Tolkin, and Carl Reiner who, though a cast member, always sat in with the writers. There is a common misconception that Woody Allen wrote for _Your Show of Shows_ and _Caesar's Hour_. A look through Mr. Allen's memoir _Apropos Of Nothing,_ shows his work for Caesar was limited _The Sid Caesar Show_, a special that aired in 1958_._

## Other websites

- _The Sid Caesar Collection_
Donnie Darko

***Donnie Darko*** is a 2001 American psychological supernatural drama thriller movie. It was written and directed by Richard Kelly. It is set in Middlesex, Virginia in 1988.

The movie did not earn much money when it was first shown in theaters, but it became much more popular when it came out on DVD.

An extended cut called Donnie Darko: The Director's Cut was released in 2004.  A sequel, called _S. Darko_, was released in 2009.

## Cast members

- Jake Gyllenhaal as Donald J. "Donnie" Darko
- Jena Malone as Gretchen Ross
- James Duval as Frank
- Maggie Gyllenhaal as Elizabeth Darko
- Mary McDonnell as Rose Darko
- Holmes Osborne as Eddie Darko
- Katharine Ross as Dr. Lilian Thurman
- Drew Barrymore as Karen Pomeroy
- Noah Wyle as Dr. Kenneth Monnitoff
- Patrick Swayze as Jim Cunningham
- Daveigh Chase as Samantha Darko
- Beth Grant as Kitty Farmer
- Patience Cleveland as Roberta Sparrow ("Grandma Death")
- Jolene Purdy as Cherita Chen
- Jerry Trainor as Lanky kid

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Donnie Darko
- **director**: Richard Kelly
- **writer**: Richard Kelly
- **music**: Michael Andrews
- **cinematography**: Steven Poster
- **studio**: Flower Films
- **runtime**: 113 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $4.5 million
- **gross**: $7.5 million
Richard Widmark

**Richard Widmark** (December 26, 1914 – March 24, 2008) was an American actor of movies, stage, radio and television. He is best known for his role as Tommy Udo in his first movie, _Kiss of Death_. Characters played by Widmark were often tough.

### Obituaries

- _The Daily Telegraph_, 27 March 2008
    - _The Times_, 27 March 2008
    - _The Independent_, 27 March 2008
    - _The Guardian_, 27 March 2008

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Richard Widmark
- **image**: Richard Widmark13.JPG
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **caption**: Richard Widmark speaking in France in September 1991
- **birth place**: Sunrise Township, Minnesota
- **death place**: Roxbury, Connecticut
- **death cause**: Illness
- **yearsactive**: 1947-1996
- **spouse**: Jean Hazlewood (m. 1942-1997, her death)
 Susan Blanchard (socialite), Susan Blanchard (m. 1999-2008, his death)
- **awards**: **Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer - Male**
1948 _Kiss of Death (1947 movie), Kiss of Death_
Paramedic

A paramedic is a health care professional who works for Emergency Medical Services (EMS), usually on an ambulance. They help people who have been injured or become ill very suddenly.

Paramedics can do many different things to decide what the problem is and to treat the patient at the scene. If it is needed, they then take the person to a hospital in the ambulance. They try to prevent the person's illness from getting worse before they reach the hospital, where doctors and nurses will take over care. Paramedics have to work in many different types of emergency situations, and cannot predict what the next one will be.

People often use the term "paramedic" for anyone who works on an ambulance. However, not all ambulances have paramedics on board. "Emergency Medical Technicians" (EMTs) or "Emergency Care Assistants" (ECAs) do similar work but have less training. Some ambulances also have doctors and nurses. In many countries, the title of "paramedic" is for those who have taken a specific training course.

## Videos

- Ambulance (Urgences-Santé) 911 call

## Other websites

- Emergency Health Services of Quebec (in French)
Artemis Fowl (novel)

***Artemis Fowl*** is a book written by Eoin Colfer. It is the first book in the _Artemis Fowl_ series. One of the main characters is Artemis Fowl II, trying to get gold from a group of fairies.

## Characters

Some of the main characters are:

### Humans

- Domovoi Butler, usually known as Butler, Artemis' bodyguard and only friend
- Juliet Butler, Butler's little sister and in the first book Artemis' family's maid
- Angeline Fowl, Artemis' mother. She has gone crazy with grief because her husband is missing.
- Artemis Fowl I, a character who is not present during the book. He is Angeline's wife.
- Artemis Fowl ||, the main character in the book, also he is 12 years old and is a criminal mastermind.

### Fairies

- Holly Short, an elf who works for LEPrecon (a pun on leprechaun)
- Julius Root, an elf who is Holly's superior. He acts as a father figure. He is nicknamed Beetroot as he goes red or purple when he is angry.
- Foaly, a centaur and computer expert. He enjoys annoying Root, and often stands up for Holly when Root is cross with her.
- Mulch Diggums, a dwarf who steals nearly everything he can. He has lost his magic because he has entered a human dwelling.
- Briar Cudgeon, another elf who does not get on with Root.

## Plot

Artemis kidnaps Holly to try and get gold from the fairies. He succeeds because she does not have any magic as she has used it all. The fairies then put a time stop on Artemis' manor, to control the time for eight hours so they can get Holly back. As the negotiations fail, the fairies attack, but Artemis and Butler beat the fairies. The fairies send in Mulch, who discovers the reason Artemis knows about the fairies. They then send in a troll, which very nearly kills Butler and severely injures Holly. Luckily, Holly has got her magic back, so she can heal them both. After the troll episode, the fairies finally decide to give Artemis the gold, planning to kill him later so they can take the gold back. Artemis however escapes the time stop. At the end of the book, Artemis has given half the gold back so Holly heals his mother Angeline, who was sick.

The book received a good review by reviewers.  A movie adaptation was released on Disney+ on June 12, 2020.
Anaconda

The **Anaconda** or **green anaconda** (_Eunectes murinus_) is one of the largest snakes in the world.

It is a non-venomous boa species from South America. It is the thickest, heaviest, and second longest known living snake (behind the reticulated python). The term "anaconda" usually means this species.

## Habitat

The anaconda is also called the water boa. It lives in swampy areas of tropical South America. The snake spends a lot of time in shallow water. This hides it from unsuspecting prey. Anacondas give birth to live young. Twenty to forty baby snakes are born at one time. The largest specimens measured  long and weighed

## Hunting and diet

All snakes are carnivores (meat-eaters). Anaconda eat 4 to 5 times each year. This is because it takes them 3 to 4 months to digest their food. Anacondas normally hunt at night. Anacondas kill by constricting (squeezing) the prey until its heartbeat stops.  They may also drown their prey. Like all snakes, they swallow the prey whole. They swallow it head first. The anaconda's top and bottom jaws are attached to each other with stretchy ligaments/b This lets let the snake swallow animals wider than itself. Snakes do not chew their food. They digest it with strong acids in their stomach. Anacondas eat pigs, deer, caiman (a type of crocodilia), birds, fish, rodents (like the capybara and agouti) and other animals. After eating a large animal, the anaconda does not needs food for a long time/ It will rest for weeks after eating. The young (called neonates) can care for themselves soon after birth. This includes hunting. At this age, they are mostly defenseless against large predators. They eat small rodents (like rats and mice), baby birds, frogs and small fish. All anacondas are very expensive. Their cost is between $5,000 and $10,000, depending on their size and the breeder.

## Other species

There are four species in the genus _Eunectes_:
|style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Species|style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Taxon author|style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Subspecies other than nominate|style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Common name|style="background:#f0f0f0;"|Geographic range|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|_E. beniensis_|Dirksen, 2002|style="text-align:center;"|0|Bolivian anaconda|style="width:40%"|South America in the Departments of Beni and Pando in Bolivia.||||
|_E. deschauenseei_|Dunn and Conant, 1936|style="text-align:center;"|0|Dark-spotted anaconda|style="width:40%"|South America in northeastern Brazil and coastal French Guiana.||||
|_E. murinus_|(Linnaeus, 1758)|style="text-align:center;"|1|Green anaconda|South America in countries east of the Andes, including Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil and on the island of Trinidad.|||||
|_E. notaeus_|Cope, 1862|style="text-align:center;"|0|Yellow anaconda|South America in eastern Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina.|||||
Luise Rainer

**Luise Rainer** (January 12, 1910 – December 30, 2014) was a two-time Academy Award-winning German-born Austrian-American movie actress. She was the first person to win two Academy Awards in a row. The first was for her role as Anna Held in _The Great Ziegfeld_, and the second was for her role as a Chinese farmer in _The Good Earth_.

Rainer was born in Duesseldorf and was Jewish.

Rainer died from pneumonia in her home in London, England, aged 104.

## Other websites

- Photographs of Luise Rainer

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Luise Rainer
- **image**: Luise Rainer 1936.jpg
- **caption**: 1936 publicity photo
- **birth place**: Düsseldorf, German Empire, Germany
- **death place**: London, England
- **yearsactive**: 1932-1997
- **spouse**: Clifford Odets
(m. 1937-1940, divorced)
Robert Knittel
(m. 1945-1989, his death)
- **awards**: **Academy Award for Best Actress**
1936 _The Great Ziegfeld_
1937 _The Good Earth (movie), The Good Earth_
 **New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress, NYFCC Award for Best Actress**
1936 _The Great Ziegfeld_
 **Hollywood Walk of Fame**
Hollywood Blvd, 6300 Hollywood Blvd
Ice Road Truckers

***Ice Road Truckers*** is a Canadian-American documentary-style reality television series that first appeared on television on The History Channel on June 17, 2007 (first season). The show follows the activities of truck drivers which operate on routes that contain frozen lakes and rivers in the remote Arctic territories of Canada and Alaska.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 45-48 mins.
- **narrated**: Thom Beers
Tom Cotcher (UK)
- **country**: Canada
United States
- **network**: History (TV channel), History
- **num episodes**: 138
- **num seasons**: 11
American Music Awards

The **American Music Awards** show is a major American music awards shows (the others are the Billboard Music Awards, the Grammy Awards, and the Country Music Association Awards). Michael Jackson has won 26 awards. This is more American Music Awards than anyone else has won.

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (award)

- **name**: American Music Awards
- **current awards**: American Music Awards of 2020
- **awarded for**: Outstanding achievements for American artists
- **country**: United States
- **website**: [http://www.theamas.com/ theamas.com]
Iggy Pop

**James Newell Osterberg, Jr.** (born April 21, 1947), better known by his stage name **Iggy Pop**, is an American rock singer, songwriter, and sometimes an actor. He has released five albums with The Stooges. In 1977 he released his first solo album.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Iggy Pop
- **image**: Iggy Pop - pinkpop87.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: James Newell Osterberg, Jr.
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar, keyboards, drums
- **genre**: Punk rock, protopunk, hard rock, glam punk, shock rock, glam rock, Heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, musician, producer, actor
- **years active**: 1960–present
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin, RCA Records, RCA, Elektra Records, Elektra
- **associated acts**: The Stooges, The Trolls, The Nymphs, The Iguanas, Slash (musician), Slash, David Bowie, Deborah Harry, Blondie (band), Blondie, Tom Waits, Buckethead
Joe D'Amato

**Aristide Massaccesi** (15 December 1936 – 23 January 1999), known as **Joe D'Amato**, was an Italian movie director.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joe D'Amato
- **image**: Joe D'Amato Cannes 1996.jpg
- **caption**: D'Amato at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival
- **other names**: Joe D'Amato#Names under which D'Amato is credited, See below
- **birthname**: Aristide Massaccesi
- **birth place**: Rome, Italy
- **death place**: Monterotondo, Metropolitan City of Rome, Italy
- **occupation**: Film director, film producer, cinematographer, screenwriter, actor
- **yearsactive**: 1961–1999
Harry Power

**Harry Power** (18 May 1819 – 11 October 1891) was born as Henry Johnson in Waterford, Ireland on 18 May 1819. He was a famous Australian bushranger. He is believed to be the man who taught Ned Kelly how to be a bushranger.

Power was sent to Van Diemen's Land for seven years for stealing a bridle and a saddle. Released in 1848 he moved to Victoria where he set up a horse selling business in Geelong.

During the gold rush Power went to Maryborough in central Victoria to search for gold. When two policemen tried to arrest him for horse stealing in March 1855, he shot one of them. He was captured and sentenced to prison for 13 years. He was able to escape from HM Prison Pentridge in 1862 and moved to northern Victoria where he met the Kelly, Quinn and Lloyd families. In 1864 he was captured near Beechworth and sent back to prison. He escaped from Pentridge again on 19 February 1869.

Ned Kelly, who was 13 years old, helped him with several robberies near Beechworth. Power then carried out more than 600 robberies by himself during the year. He had a hideout in a cave looking out over the King River which is still called Power's Lookout. The police offered a reward of ₤500 for his capture. Ned Kelly's uncle, James Quinn, told the police the location of the cave and Power was again caught and sent back to prison.

He was released in 1877 because of concerns for his health. He worked on a farm near Sunbury. In his old age he acted as a guide on a ship set up as a convict museum. In November 1891 he was found drowned in the Murray River, near Swan Hill.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Harry Power
- **image**: Harry Power.jpg
- **birth date**: 18 May 1819
- **birth place**: Waterford, Ireland
- **death date**: 11 October 1891 (aged 72)
- **death place**: Swan Hill, Victoria
- **occupation**: Bushranger
Bahrain, Pakistan

**Behrain/Bahrain** is a popular hill station in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Galyat

The **Galyat** region is an area roughly 50–80 km north-east of Islamabad, Pakistan, on both sides of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Punjab border. The word _Galyat_ is the plural of the Urdu word _gali_, which means an alley between two mountains on both sides of which there are valleys and it is not the highest point in the range. Many of the towns in the area have the word _gali_ as part of their names. These are popular summer-holiday destinations in Pakistan. Murree, one of the most popular hill stations of Pakistan, is the largest town of the Galyat area.

## Localities in the Galyat

- Ayubia (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
- Bara Gali (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
- Bhurban (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
- Changla Gali (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
- Charra Pani (Punjab)
- Dunga Gali (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
- Ghora Gali (Punjab)
- Khaira Gali (Punjab)
- Khanspur (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
- Murree (Punjab)
- Nathia Gali (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
- Thandiani (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
Kalam Valley

Kalam is a worth seeing site in Swat valley. Kalam is located at the distance of 100 km from the mingora, in the northern upper part of Swat valley. It is located at the bank of the Suvastu river in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Kalam is encircled by green hills, thick forests and blessed with mesmerizing Lakes, lively meadows and waterfalls, which make the Valley a must wandering place. It is the birthplace of the Swat River, made of two major tributaries; Gabral River and Ushu River.

It is a vast sub-valley of Swat; is located at an elevation of about 2,000 meters (6, 562 feet) above sea level, and providing a room for a small but fertile plateau above Swat River, making it ideal for farming. A metalled road ends here in Kalam and a shingled road leads to the Ushu and Utror valleys. Visitors can see the snowy mountains from Matiltan, including Falak Sair Mountain, with height of 5, 918 meters (19,416 feet) and an unnamed peak of 6,096 meters (20, 000 feet) height.

## population

According to the population survey of 2017 the population of Kalam valley is 84,434  persons & no of houses are 9810.

## Languages

Kalam and Dir Kohistani (also called Gawri ) is one of about two dozen languages that are spoken in the mountain areas of northern Pakistan. The name Kohistan in Urdu and Persian means ‘land of mountains’, and Kohistani, when used as the name of a language, can be translated as ‘mountain language’.

## Ethnic Groups

The Dardic people of the Kalam region in northern Swat are known as Kohistanis.

## Climate

The climate in Kalam کالام is cold and temperate. Kalam کالام is a city with a significant rainfall. Even in the driest month there is a lot of rain. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Dfb. In Kalam کالام, the average annual temperature is -1.1 °C | 30.0 °F. The rainfall here is around 1361 mm | 53.6 inch per year.

## Tourists Spots

1. The Kalam Bazaar (The Downtown)
1. Matiltan
1. Ushu
1. Utror
1. Gabral
1. Mahodand Lake
1. Kundol Lake
1. Izmis Lake

## The Kalam Bazaar

The Kalam Bazaar is the main marketplace and commercial centre of the Kalam valley. Despite being small, Kalam Bazaar has hotels, restaurants, cafes, medical stores, and a good number of general stores. This Bazaar serves as a high street or Downton for locals and tourists in Kalam.
Malam Jabba

**Malam Jabba** (also Maalam Jabba, ) is a Hill Station in the Karakoram mountain range nearly 40 km from Saidu Sharif in Swat Valley, Sarhad, Pakistan. It is 314 km from Islamabad and 51 km from Saidu Sharif Airport.

Malam Jabba is home to the largest ski resort in Pakistan. The area also contains two Buddhist stupas and six monasteries that are scattered around the resort. The presence of the monuments at such a height indicates that the area has been inhabited for over 2000 years.
Patriata

**Patriata** also known as New Murree is a hill station in Murree District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is situated 15 km south-east of Murree hill.
Charra Pani

**Charra Pani** is a hill station in the Galyat region of northern Pakistan.
Invest (meteorology)

An **invest** in meteorology (weather) (also **INVEST**) is a labelled area of bad weather that is being looked at for a possible tropical cyclone being made. Invests are labelled by three hurricane centers: the National Hurricane Center, Central Pacific Hurricane Center and Joint Typhoon Warning Center. The labelling of an area of bad weather as an invest does not always mean that a tropical cyclone will be started.  Invests have numbers from 90 to 99, with a L in the Atlantic, E and C in the East and Central Pacific in that order, or W in the West Pacific after the number.

## Other websites

- Navy/NRL Tropical Cyclone Page  - tropical cyclones and INVESTS around the world right now
Nubra Valley

**Nubra** () is a valley in the region of Ladakh, India. Diskit, the capital of the Nubra area, is about  north from Leh, the capital of Ladakh. Its name is derived from Ldumra (the valley of flowers).

## Nubra river

The **Nubra River** is a tributary of the Shyok River, which flows into the Indus River. It flows in the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Nubra
- **native name**: ལྡུམ་ར།
- **native name lang**: ལྡུམ་ར་སྒད།
- **other name**: ldum ra
- **nickname**: Nubra
- **settlement type**: Town and Villages
- **image skyline**: Nubra valley hunder.jpg
- **pushpin map**: India Jammu and Kashmir
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: States and union territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Jammu and Kashmir
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name2**: Leh
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
Suru Valley

The **Suru valley** is a valley in the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, which is drained by the Suru River (Indus), a tributary of the Indus River. It is at a height of . The towns of Kargil and Rangdum are here. The Penzella Pass at Panikhar, a hill resort in Zanskar, divides the Suru valley with Zanskar. Willow and poplar are grown in the Suru valley.

Suru valley has 25,000 by people of Dard and Tibetan descent. The majority of the people are followers of Shi'a Islam, having converted from Tibetan Buddhism in the 16th century under the direction of Thi-Namgyal. Buddhists in the Suru valley live throughout the valley, but are mainly in Rangdum.
Bullet for My Valentine

**Bullet for My Valentine** often known as **BFMV** are a heavy metal band from Wales. They have released two albums on the major record label Jive Records. These albums are entitled _Scream Aim Fire_ and _Fever_, released in 2008 and 2010 respectively. they also have a self-titled EP and DVD's of performances live from the O3 Brixton School.

### Studio albums

- _The Poison_ (2006)
- _Scream Aim Fire_ (2008)
- _Fever_ (2010)
- _Temper Temper_ (2013)
- _Venom_ (2015)
- _Gravity_ (2018)
- _Bullet for My Valentine_ (2021)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Bullet for My Valentine
- **img**: Bullet_for_My_Valentine_Full_Force_2022_17.jpg
- **img capt**: Bullet for My Valentine in 2022
- **img size**: 300
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Wales, United Kingdom
- **years active**: 2003–present
- **label**: Trustkill
Jive Records, Jive
RCA Records, RCA
Spinefarm
- **current members**: Matthew Tuck
Michael Paget
Jamie Mathias
Jason Bowld
- **past members**: Jason James
Michael Thomas
Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol

**Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol** (**XMPP**) (formerly named **Jabber**) is a protocol for instant messaging. It is inspired by XML.

It is different to most protocols because it is an open standard. This means that anybody who has a domain name and an internet connection can run their own server. Most of the software and the clients are open source.

Other software such as Google Talk and the Gizmo5 use the XMPP protocol. It has been installed on thousands of servers across the internet. There are over five hundred million users who use software based on the protocol. Clients include Pidgin and iChat.

## History

Jeremie Miller started the Jabber project in 1998. The first major public release was in May 2000. This early software was the basis of XMPP. It was a competitor to SIMPLE, which was based on the SIP protocol.

In August 2001, the Jabber Software Foundation (JSF) was started. The main role of the JSF was to manage the XML protocols for XMPP by documenting them. As well as this, the organisation was to co-ordinate the many companies that were using the XMPP technology.

In 2002, the Internet Engineering Task Force created a working group to formalize the protocol. The group was named the _Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol Working Group_, or _XMPP WG_.

In 2007, Jabber Software Foundation (JSF) became XMPP Standards Foundation (XSF).

## XMPP and HTTP

XMPP can use HTTP to send data to the servers. This is useful when there are strict firewalls in place, because data can be sent through the web instead of through a different port (port 5222 and 5223).

There are also open public servers which use standard ports (port 80 and 443) so that users can connect from behind most firewalls.

## Other websites

- XMPP Standards Foundation
- Jabber.org (always maintained, the first XMPP server)
Joe Namath

**Joseph William Namath** (born May 31, 1943, Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania), also known as **Broadway Joe**, is a former American football quarterback. He is most famous for playing for the New York Jets and winning one Super Bowl with them.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Joe Namath
- **image**: Namath 1965.jpg
- **image size**: 230
- **alt**: Black and white publicity still of Namath, in pads and jersey with no helmet, holding football over his shoulder as if to throw it (1965).
- **caption**: Namath in 1965, as a rookie with the New York Jets
- **number**: 12
- **position**: Quarterback
- **birth place**: Beiver Falls, Pennsylvania
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lbs**: 201
- **high school**: Beaver Falls High School, Beaver Falls
(Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania)
- **college**: Alabama Crimson Tide football, Alabama
- **draftyear**: 1965
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 12
- **afldraftyear**: 1965
- **afldraftround**: 1965 American Football League draft#Round one, 1
- **afldraftpick**: 1
- **teams**: * New York Jets (1965 AFL season, 1965–)
* Los Angeles Rams ()
- **highlights**: * Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl III, III)
* Super Bowl MVP (Super Bowl III, III)
* Pro Bowl (1973 Pro Bowl, 1972)
* Second-team All-Pro (1972 All-Pro Team, 1972)
* National Football League Comeback Player of the Year Award, NFL Comeback Player of the Year (1974)
* List of NFL season passing yards leaders, NFL passing yards leader (1972)
* List of NFL season passing touchdowns leaders, NFL passing touchdowns leader (1972)
* AFL champion (1968 AFL Championship Game, 1968)
* 4× AFL All-Star games, AFL All-Star (1965 AFL season, 1965, 1967 AFL season, 1967–1969 AFL season, 1969)
* First-team American Football League All-League Team, All-AFL (1968 All-AFL Team, 1968)
* 3× Second-team All-AFL (1966, 1967, 1969)
* 2× American Football League Most Valuable Players, AFL Most Valuable Player (1968, 1969)
* American Football League Rookies of the Year, AFL Rookie of the Year (1965)
* 2× List of National Football League season passing yards leaders#American Football League (AFL), AFL passing yards leader (1966, 1967)
* American Football League All-Time Team, AFL All-Time Team
* New York Jets#Retired numbers, New York Jets No. 12 retired
* 1964 NCAA Division I-A football season, 1964 national champion
- **statleague**: AFL/NFL
- **statlabel1**: Pass attempts
- **statvalue1**: 3,762
- **statlabel2**: Pass completions
- **statvalue2**: 1,886
- **statlabel3**: Percentage
- **statvalue3**: 50.1
- **statlabel4**: Touchdown, TD–Interception, INT
- **statvalue4**: 173–220
- **statlabel5**: Passing yards
- **statvalue5**: 27,663
- **statlabel6**: Passer rating
- **statvalue6**: 65.5
- **nfl**: NAM415291
- **pfr**: N/NamaJo00
- **hof**: joe-namath
Phil Simms

**Phillip Martin Simms** (born November 3, 1955 in Lebanon, Kentucky) is a former American football quarterback, and is now a television sportscaster for the CBS network. After playing college football for the Morehead State Eagles, Simms was selected in the first round by the New York Giants as the seventh overall pick in the 1979 NFL Draft. Simms was named Most Valuable Player (MVP) of Super Bowl XXI, after he led the Giants to a 39–20 victory over the Denver Broncos and set the record for highest completion percentage in a Super Bowl, completing 22 of 25 passes (88%), a record that still stands. He was also named to the Pro Bowl for his performances in the 1985 and 1993 seasons.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Phil Simms
- **image**: Phil Simms Feb 2019 3 (cropped).jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Simms in 2019
- **number**: 11
- **position**: Quarterback
- **birth place**: Springfield, Kentucky
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lbs**: 216
- **high school**: Southern High School (Kentucky), Louisville (KY) Southern
- **college**: Morehead State Eagles football, Morehead State
- **draftyear**: 1979
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 7
- **pastteams**: * New York Giants (–)
- **highlights**: * 2× Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl XXI, XXI, Super Bowl XXV, XXV)
* Super Bowl MVP (Super Bowl XXI, XXI)
* 2× Pro Bowl (1986 Pro Bowl, 1985, 1994 Pro Bowl, 1993)
* First-team All-Pro (1986 All-Pro Team, 1986)
* Jim Thorpe Trophy, NEA NFL Most Valuable Player (1986)
* New York Giants#Retired numbers, New York Giants No. 11 retired
* New York Giants#Ring of Honor, New York Giants Ring of Honor
- **statlabel1**: Pass attempts
- **statvalue1**: 4,647
- **statlabel2**: Pass completions
- **statvalue2**: 2,576
- **statlabel3**: Percentage
- **statvalue3**: 55.4
- **statlabel4**: Touchdown, TD–Interception, INT
- **statvalue4**: 199–157
- **statlabel5**: Passing yards
- **statvalue5**: 33,462
- **statlabel6**: Passer rating
- **statvalue6**: 78.5
- **nfl**: SIM342758
Shabono

A ***shabono*** (also ***xapono***, ***shapono***, or ***yano***) is a hut used by the Yanomami indios, who live in southeastern Venezuela and in northern Roraima, Brazil. This hut is used as temporary shelter and is made with palm leaves and wood. Shabonos are built in clear parts of the jungle. Each family unit has a personal area in the shabono.
Aaron Rodgers

**Aaron Charles Rodgers** (born December 2, 1983 in Chico, California, U.S.) is the starting American football quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the NFL. He played college football in California, starting at Butte Community College before transferring to Cal Berkeley to play for the Golden Bears. The Packers chose him in the first round of the 2005 NFL Draft with the 24th pick.

## Career

He spent a few years as Brett Favre's backup, and after Brett Favre's first retirement fiasco, was named the starter of the Green Bay Packers.

He became the Packers' starting quarterback in 2008 after Favre left the Packers to play for the New York Jets. He led the team to a Super Bowl championship in 2010 and was named the game's MVP in Super Bowl XLV. Rodgers is famous for his "championship belt celebration," which was used in commercials for State Farm as "a discount double check." Rodgers's best statistical season was in 2011. As of 2025, he has the best career passer rating in NFL history at 102.4

He played the 2023 and 2024 seasons with the New York Jets before joining the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2025.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Aaron Rodgers
- **image**: Aaron Rodgers - December 5, 2010.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **current team**: Pittsburgh Steelers
- **number**: 8
- **position**: Quarterback
- **birth place**: Chico, California
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lbs**: 225
- **high school**: Pleasant Valley High School (California), Pleasant Valley
(Chico, California)
- **college**: California Golden Bears football, California
- **draftyear**: 2005
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 24
- **pastteams**: * Green Bay Packers (–2023)
- **status**: Active
- **highlights**: * Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl XLV, XLV)
* Super Bowl MVP (Super Bowl XLV, XLV)
* 4× NFL Most Valuable Player (2011, 2014 2020, 2021)
* 7× Pro Bowl (2010 Pro Bowl, 2009, 2012 Pro Bowl, 2011, 2013 Pro Bowl, 2012, 2015 Pro Bowl, 2014–2017 Pro Bowl, 2016, 2019 Pro Bowl, 2018)
* 2× First-team All-Pro (2011 All-Pro Team, 2011, 2014 All-Pro Team, 2014)
* Second-team All-Pro (2012 All-Pro Team, 2012)
* Associated Press Athlete of the Year (2011)
* Bert Bell Award (2011)
* 2× List of NFL annual passer rating leaders, NFL passer rating leader (2011, 2012)
* List of National Football League season passing touchdowns leaders, NFL passing touchdowns leader (2016)
;NFL records
* 102.2 passer rating, career
* 122.5 passer rating, season (2011)
* 4.23:1 touchdown-to-interception ratio, career
* 1.5 lowest interception percentage, career
* 0.3 lowest interception percentage, season (2018)
* 402 consecutive passes without an interception
- **statweek**: 18
- **statseason**: 2025
- **statlabel1**: Touchdown, TD–Interception, INT
- **statvalue1**: 527–123
- **statlabel2**: Passing yards
- **statvalue2**: 66,274
- **statlabel3**: Completion percentage
- **statvalue3**: 65.1
- **statlabel4**: Passer rating
- **statvalue4**: 102.2
- **statlabel5**: Carry (gridiron football), Rushing yards
- **statvalue5**: 3,634
- **statlabel6**: Rushing touchdowns
- **statvalue6**: 36
- **nflnew**: aaronrodgers/2506363
- **pfr**: RodgAa00
Intellect

**Intellect** is the capacity of the mind by which one reasons. It does not involve the power to feel and move but the power to think. Subjects like Logic, Philosophy and Mathematics all involve the intellect. The intellect involves the power to identify, associate and differentiate. To identify is to find out what a thing is exactly. To associate is to find similarities between things, how they are alike, how they are like each other. To differentiate is to find out how things are different from each other. The intellect is always involved in at least one of these three activities.

## Related pages

- Cognition
- Thought