juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Fingal’s Cave

**Fingal's Cave** is a sea cave on the uninhabited island of Staffa, in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, part of a National Nature Reserve owned by the National Trust for Scotland.

It is formed entirely from hexagonally jointed basalt columns. These are part of the same ancient lava flow as the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland and those of nearby Ulva.
In both cases, the cooling surface of the mass of hot lava cracked in a hexagonal pattern in a similar way to drying mud cracking as it shrinks. These cracks slowly extended down into the mass of lava as it cooled and shrank to form the columns, which were later exposed by erosion.

The breakup of Pangaea separated the parts of the same rock formation.

The size of the cave, and its naturally arched roof, and the eerie sounds produced by the echoes of waves, give it the atmosphere of a natural cathedral. The cave's Gaelic name, Uamh-Binn, means "cave of melody."

## In art and literature

Romantic composer Felix Mendelssohn visited in 1829 and wrote _Die Hebriden_ (in English, _Hebrides Overture Opus 26_, commonly known as _Fingal's Cave overture_), inspired by the weird echoes in the cave. Mendelssohn's overture popularized the cave as a tourist destination. Other famous 19th-century visitors included author Jules Verne; poets William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson; and Romantic artist J.M.W. Turner, who painted "Staffa, Fingal's Cave" in 1832. Queen Victoria also made the trip.
Deadpool

**Deadpool** (real name is **Wade Wilson**), is a comic book character in the Marvel Universe published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by Rob Leifeld in 1991. Deadpool began as a villain but is currently being used as an anti-hero and in his own comic book series he ended as a good guy. He is currently one of the most popular Marvel characters. He has had many of his own book series as well as been in most of Marvel's other titles. He is often seen in several of the X-Men series of books and is a regular character in the series "_Uncanny X-Force_". His clothing is colored red and black, and he has two guns and short katanas as well as many other weapons.

## Overview

Deadpool is a Canadian mercenary whose true name is "Wade Wilson". Deadpool's special power is regeneration. His body can repair itself from any injury. He has formed a relationship with the personification of Death but because his healing power is so strong, he cannot die. This is a common theme in his stories. Deadpool is well known for "breaking the fourth wall". He knows he is a comic book character. Deadpool will often talk to the readers or refer to a specific issue when talking about something that happened in the past. He also can transport to the other alternative universes. His fighting skills are also very known.

In the comic book universe, Deadpool was mostly considered neutral and sometimes even evil, but near the end of the series he was proved to be a good person. He tried really hard to fight his own psychotic mind behaviour and stop killing people. He got married with a person that cared for him and had a daughter. He made friends with an agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. and by himself destroyed a whole evil army that was trying to kill his family. In the end, on a vacation with his family and friends, Deadpool hugged his daughter as a second earth came crashing down from the sky, presumably killing him and his family and friends, along with many lives on earth, joining up the story with Secret Wars.

However, Deadpool is seen again in the preview of All-new All-different Marvel, confirming his return.

## In other media

He has been portrayed by Ryan Reynolds in _X-Men Origins: Wolverine_ before having a more faithful take starting with _Deadpool_. Reynolds reprised his role in _Deadpool 2_ (2018), as well as for his upcoming movie _Deadpool & Wolverine_ (2024)
Giant's Causeway

The **Giant's Causeway**  is an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns. The formation is a result of an ancient volcanic eruption. It is in County Antrim on the northeast coast of Northern Ireland. It is a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It was named a National Nature Reserve in 1987 by the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland. In a 2005 poll of _Radio Times_ readers, the Giant's Causeway was named as the fourth greatest natural wonder in the United Kingdom.

The tops of the columns form stepping stones that lead from the cliff foot and disappear under the sea. Most of the columns are hexagonal, although there are also some with four, five, seven and eight sides. The tallest are about 12 metres (36 ft) high, and the solidified lava in the cliffs is 28 metres thick in places.

The Giant's Causeway is today owned and managed by the National Trust. It is the most popular tourist attraction in Northern Ireland.

## Geological significance

The Giant's Causeway and Fingal's Cave are part of the same volcanic eruption. They were separated by the plate tectonics movements which happened when the supercontinent Pangaea broke up.

During the Palaeogene period, some 50 to 60 million years ago, Antrim was subject to intense volcanic activity. Highly fluid molten basalt intruded through chalk beds to form a large scale lava plateau. As the lava cooled rapidly, contraction occurred. The size of the columns is mostly determined by the speed at which lava from a volcanic eruption cools. The extensive fracture network produced the distinctive columns seen today. The basalts were originally part of a great volcanic plateau called the Thulean Plateau which formed during the Paleogene period. Parts of this plateau can be found in the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Norway, as well as at Fingal's Cave.

## Related pages

- Causeway
- List of World Heritage Sites of the United Kingdom

## Infobox (historic site)

- **name**: Giant's Causeway and Causeway Coast
- **native name**: Clochán an Aifir/Clochán na bhFomhórach
- **native language**: Irish
- **native name2**: Tha Giant's Causey
- **native language2**: Scots
- **image**: Aird Snout - geograph.org.uk - 474835.jpg
- **caption**: The Giant's Causeway
- **locmapin**: Northern Ireland
- **location**: County Antrim
- **designation1**: WHS
- **designation1 offname**: the Giant's Causeway and Causeway Coast
- **designation1 date**: 1986 <small>(10th World Heritage Committee, session)</small>
- **designation1 number**: [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/369 369]
- **designation1 criteria**: VII, VIII
- **designation1 type**: Natural
- **designation1 free1name**: State Party
- **designation1 free1value**: United Kingdom
- **designation1 free2name**: Region
- **designation1 free2value**: List of World Heritage Sites in Europe, Europe
Ornithopter

An **ornithopter** from the ancient Greek language is an aircraft that flies by flapping its wings. Designers try to make the flapping-wing flight of birds, bats, and insects seem real. Though machines may differ in form, they are usually built on the same scale as these flying creatures. Manned ornithopters have also been built, and some have worked. The machines are of two general types: those with engines, and those powered by the muscles of the pilot.
Calgary Stampede

The **Calgary Stampede** happens every year and has a rodeo, exhibits, and a festival held every July in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The ten-day event, which calls itself "_The Greatest Outdoor Show on Earth,_" brings over one million visitors every year and has the world's largest rodeo. It also has a parade, rides, stage shows, concerts, farming games,and racing. People from Calgary also begin wearing cowboy hats and other cowboy gear in spirit of the event. The stampede began as a farming fair in 1886 and turned into the Calgary Stampede in 1923.
Juggling

**Juggling** is a skill where a person (the _juggler_) keeps objects (_props_) moving for a long time, using their hands or other parts of their body. The most common props are balls (or beanbags), clubs and rings. Some jugglers use more dangerous objects such as knives, fire torches and chainsaws. There are other kinds of juggling prop such as diabolos, yo-yos, poi, devil sticks, cigar boxes, foot bags and hats. Some jugglers use bouncing objects.

Juggling can be for entertainment, art or sport.
Mirror's Edge

***Mirror's Edge*** is a single-player first person action-adventure video game made by Electronic Arts for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3.

## Plot

The plot of Mirror's Edge follows Faith, a member of a group called the Runners. The Runners deliver things from person to person as an underground system, as the city spies on the citizens a lot. Faith's sister is accused of killing a candidate for mayor of the city, and Faith finds out it's part of a plan to kill the Runners. The true killer ends up being an ex-Runner gone rogue working for the government, and Faith saves her sister from being arrested.

## Other websites

- Mirror's Edge Official website

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: EA Digital Illusions CE
- **publisher**: Electronic Arts
- **engine**: Unreal Engine 3
PhysX
- **released**: **Xbox 360 & PS3***'Microsoft Windows***'iOS**
April 1, 2010
- **genre**: First person (video games), First person, Action-adventure game, action-adventure, Platform game, platform
- **modes**: Single-player video games, Single player
- **platforms**: Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, iOS (Apple), iOS
WWE Fatal 4-Way

**Fatal 4-Way** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on June 20, 2010 at the Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale, New York. Fatal 4-Way replaced The Bash as the June PPV.

This event was the only Fatal 4-Way event for WWE's main roster and one of two Fatal 4-Way events held by the company, the other one being NXT TakeOver: Fatal 4-Way in 2014.

## Results

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3;"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3;"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3;"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3;"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Zack Ryder defeated Montel Vontavious Porter|Singles match|3:38||||||
|Kofi Kingston (c) defeated Drew McIntyre|Singles match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship|16:29||||||
|Alicia Fox defeated Eve Torres (c), Gail Kim and Maryse|Fatal four-way match for the WWE Divas Championship|5:42||||||
|Evan Bourne defeated Chris Jericho|Singles match|12:04||||||
|Rey Mysterio defeated Jack Swagger (c), CM Punk and Big Show|Fatal four-way match for the World Heavyweight Championship|10:28||||||
|The Miz (c) defeated R-Truth|Singles match for the WWE United States Championship|13:23||||||
|The Hart Dynasty (Tyson Kidd, David Hart Smith and Natalya) defeated The Usos (Jimmy and Jey Uso) and Tamina|Six-person mixed tag team match|9:29||||||
|Sheamus defeated John Cena (c), Randy Orton and Edge|Fatal four-way match for the WWE Championship|17:25||||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – is the champion(s) going into the match|||||||

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Fatal 4-Way
- **theme**: "ShowStopper (song), ShowStopper" by TobyMac
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Entertainment
- **date**: June 20, 2010
- **attendance**: 10,000
- **venue**: Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum
- **city**: Uniondale, New York
- **lastevent**: Over the Limit (2010)
- **nextevent**: Money in the Bank (2010)
- **brand**: WWE Raw, Raw
SmackDown
Okaloosa County, Florida

**Okaloosa County** is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on June 13, 1915. As of 2020, 211,668 people lived there. Okaloosa County's seat is Crestview.

## Other websites

- Official county website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Okaloosa County
- **state**: Florida
- **flag**: Flag of Okaloosa County, Florida.svg
- **seal**: Seal of Okaloosa County, Florida.gif
- **founded year**: 1915
- **founded date**: September 7
- **seat wl**: Crestview
- **largest city wl**: Crestview
- **city type**: city
- **area total sq mi**: 1082
- **area land sq mi**: 930
- **area water sq mi**: 152
- **area percentage**: 14.0%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 211668
- **density sq mi**: 228
- **web**: http://www.co.okaloosa.fl.us/
- **ex image**: Crestview Okaloosa Cty crths01.jpg
- **ex image size**: 220px
- **ex image cap**: The Okaloosa County courthouse in March 2008
- **time zone**: Central
Martin County, Florida

**Martin County** is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on June 13, 1915. As of 2020, 158,431 people lived there. Martin County's seat is Stuart. The county is named after John W. Martin. The state park Jonathan Dickinson State Park is in this county.

## Other websites

- Official county website
- Martin County Forum unofficial county message board run by residents of the county

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Martin County
- **state**: Florida
- **seal**: Seal of Martin County, Florida.svg
- **seal size**: 150px
- **founded year**: 1925
- **founded date**: May 30
- **seat wl**: Stuart
- **largest city wl**: Palm City
- **city type**: community
- **area total sq mi**: 753
- **area land sq mi**: 543
- **area water sq mi**: 209
- **area percentage**: 27.8%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 158431
- **density sq mi**: 292
- **web**: www.martin.fl.us
- **named for**: John W. Martin
- **ex image**: Stuart FL new crths01.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Martin County Courthouse
- **time zone**: Eastern
Wuerhosaurus

***Wuerhosaurus*** was a stegosaurid dinosaur (related to Stegosaurus) from the Lower Cretaceous of China.

Many details of the skeleton are lacking. It had bony, rounded plates along its back and probably 4 bony spikes at the tip of its tail. It had a shorter body and wider hip bones than other stegosaurids. It was one of the last genera of stegosaur known to survive, since most others died out by the end of the Jurassic.
Franklin County, Florida

**Franklin County** is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on June 13, 1915. As of 2020, 12,451 people lived there. Franklin County's seat is Apalachicola.

## Other websites

- Official county website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Franklin County
- **state**: Florida
- **founded year**: 1832
- **founded date**: February 8
- **seat wl**: Apalachicola
- **largest city wl**: Eastpoint
- **city type**: community
- **area total sq mi**: 1026
- **area land sq mi**: 535
- **area water sq mi**: 492
- **area percentage**: 47.9%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 12451
- **density sq mi**: 23
- **web**: www.franklincountyflorida.com
- **ex image**: Franklinctycrthsapalchicola01.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Franklin County Courthouse
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **named for**: Benjamin Franklin
Hillsborough County, Florida

**Hillsborough County** is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on June 13, 1915. As of 2020, 1,459,762 people lived there. Hillsborough County's seat is Tampa.

## Other websites

- Official county website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Hillsborough County
- **state**: Florida
- **ex image**: Downtown Tampa, Florida.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Downtown Tampa skyline
- **type**: County (United States), County
- **flag**: Flag of Hillsborough County, Florida.svg
- **seal**: Seal of Hillsborough County, Florida.png
- **logo**: Wordmark of Hillsborough County, Florida.png
- **founded date**: January 25
- **founded year**: 1834
- **seat wl**: Tampa
- **largest city wl**: Tampa
- **area total sq mi**: 1266
- **area land sq mi**: 1020
- **area water sq mi**: 246
- **area percentage**: 19.4%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 1459762
- **density sq mi**: 1431
- **web**: http://www.hillsboroughcounty.org/
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **named for**: Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire, Wills Hill, Earl of Hillsborough
Inner Hebrides

The **Inner Hebrides** is an archipelago off the west coast of Scotland, to the south east of the Outer Hebrides.

Together these two island chains form the Hebrides, which enjoy a mild oceanic climate because the Gulf Stream runs past them.

There are 36 inhabited islands and a further 43 uninhabited Inner Hebrides with an area greater than . The main commercial activities are tourism, crofting, fishing, and whisky distilling.

Combined, the islands have an area of approximately , and had a population of 18,257 people in 2001. The population density is therefore a little over 4 persons per km<sup>2</sup> (11 persons per square mile).

There are various important prehistoric structures, many of which pre-date the first written references to the islands by Roman and Greek authors.

In the historic period the earliest known settlers were Picts to the north and Gaels in the south. The islands became part of the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles, the _Suðreyjar_ kingdom of the Norse. The Norsemen ruled for over 400 years until sovereignty was transferred to Scotland by the Treaty of Perth in 1266.

Control of the islands was then held by various clan chiefs, principal of which were the Clan MacLeod and Clan MacDonald. The Highland Clearances of the 19th century had a devastating effect on many communities and it is only in recent years that population levels have ceased to decline.

Sea transport is crucial and ferry services operate between the islands and the mainland Britain. The Gaelic language and the Wee Free Church of Scotland remains strong in some areas. The landscapes have inspired a variety of artists, and there is a diversity of wildlife.

## Islands

- Coll
- Colonsay
- Eigg
- Islay
- Jura
- Mull
- Muck
- Raasay
- Rùm
- Skye
- Staffa
- Tiree
Skye, Mull and Islay are the largest islands.

There are also many small, uninhabited islands. One of the uninhabited isles, Staffa, is home to Fingal's Cave and basalt columns.
Hebrides

The **Hebrides** are two groups of islands off the west coast of Scotland. They are:
- The Outer Hebrides
- The Inner Hebrides

**Hebrides** or **Hebridean** may also be:
- Hebridean (sheep), a breed of sheep
- Hebrides Overture, music by Felix Mendelssohn
Scion xB

The **Scion xB** was a car made by Toyota for the United States and was sold under the Scion brand. It is a box-shaped, 5-door small car and is sometimes called the box car. There are two types of Scion xB cars on the road today. The first type was made from 2004 until 2006. This type was known for its boxy shape and high fuel economy.
The second type was made from 2008 until 2015. This type looks much rounder and it is more powerful than the first type of car. This type is also not as popular because it is a more generic type of car. There has been a lot of criticism about the second type of Scion xB because of this reason. Also, many original xB owners despise the xB2 even being called an xB. The xB2 has its own name in other markets. Scion used the xB name in an attempt to help sell it in America.
Earthquake protector

An **earthquake protector** is a type of base isolation made to protect building and non-building structures against damage from strong earthquakes.
Storegga Slide

The three **Storegga Slides** were large landslides. They occurred under water, at the edge of Norway's continental shelf, in the Norwegian Sea. This is between Norway and Greenland, just north of Great Britain.

They caused a very large tsunami in the North Atlantic Ocean. About 290 km length of coastal shelf, 3,500 km<sup>3</sup> of debris fell. This is an area the size of Iceland covered to a depth of 34 m (112 ft).

Based on carbon dating of plant material, the latest incident occurred around 6100 BC.

In Scotland, traces of this tsunami have been found in the Montrose Basin (estuary of the South Esk river), and the Firth of Forth, up to 80 km inland and 4 metres above today's normal tide levels.

For the Ormen Lange natural gas field, the incident has been thoroughly investigated. One conclusion is that the slide was caused by material built up during the previous ice age, and that it would only happen again after a new ice age. This conclusion is supported by scientific studies. Facts and arguments supporting this conclusion were made public in 2004.

It was decided that the development of the Ormen Lange gas field would not significantly increase the risk of triggering a new slide. A new slide would trigger a very large tsunami which would be devastating for the coast areas around the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea.
Alex Smart

**Alexander Smart** (May 29, 1918 – April 18, 2005) was a Canadian ice hockey forward.  He played one season for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League and spent the majority of his career in the Quebec Senior Hockey League.

## Playing career

Born in Brandon, Manitoba, Smart played junior hockey in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League with the Portage Terriers for two seasons.  In 1937–38, joined the senior ranks with the Toronto Marlboros of the Ontario Hockey Association and scored 23 points in 12 games at a goal-per-game pace.  The following season, he began a three-year stint in the Montreal City Hockey League (MCHL) with the Verdun Maple Leafs and Montreal Sr. Canadiens.

In 1941–42, Smart moved with the Sr. Canadiens to the Quebec Senior Hockey League (QSHL).  Affiliated with the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League, Smart was called up to the NHL in 1943 and, on January 14, became the first player in league history to score a hat trick in his NHL debut (this feat was later matched by Réal Cloutier of the Quebec Nordiques in 1979, Fabian Brunnström of the Dallas Stars in 2008, and Derek Stepan of the New York Rangers in 2010).  He completed the season with 5 goals and 2 assists in 8 games – the lone NHL stint of his career.

Smart spent the remainder of his career in the QSHL with the Montreal Royals and Ottawa Senators with the exception of one more season in the MCHL with the Montreal Vickers and the final season of his career in the OVHL with Eastview St. Charles.  He recorded a career-high 66 points in 47 games with the Senators in 1947–48, then helped the club to an Allan Cup in 1949 as Canada's senior amateur champions. Smart retired after the 1950–51 season spent with Eastview.

## Other websites

- http://ourhistory.canadiens.com/player/Alex-Smart

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Left Wing
- **played for**: Montreal Canadiens
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 150
- **birth place**: Brandon, Manitoba, Brandon, Manitoba, MB, Canada, CAN
- **career start**: 1942
- **career end**: 1953
Brock Trotter

**Brock Trotter** (born January 16, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey Centre who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He played two games in the NHL with the Montreal Canadiens during the 2009-10 NHL season.

## Playing career

On April 15, 2008, he was recalled from the Hamilton Bulldogs of the American Hockey League. He was expected to play his first NHL game on April 19, 2008, against the Boston Bruins but was a late scratch. In the 2009–10 season on February 5, 2010 Brock was again recalled from Hamilton Bulldogs to Montreal. He finally made his NHL debut on February 6, 2010 against the Pittsburgh Penguins in a 5-3 victory. Playing with familiar Bulldogs teammates with Ryan White and David Desharnais, Trotter went scoreless in two games before returning to the Bulldogs to lead the team with 36 goals and place second to Desharnais with 77 points.

On July 28, 2010, Trotter left the Canadiens organization and North America to sign a two-year contract as a free agent with Latvian team Dinamo Riga of the KHL.

### Regular season and playoffs

|colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Regular season|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Playoffs||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2003–04|Dauphin Kings|MJHL|63|32|33|65|108|—|—|—|—|—|
|2004–05|Lincoln Stars|USHL|60|20|38|58|84|4|2|3|5|0|
|2005–06|University of Denver|WCHA|5|3|2|5|2|—|—|—|—|—|
|2006–07|University of Denver|WCHA|40|16|24|40|22|—|—|—|—|—|
|2007–08|University of Denver|WCHA|24|13|18|31|18|—|—|—|—|—|
|2007–08|Hamilton Bulldogs|AHL|21|3|6|9|4|—|—|—|—|—|
|2008–09|Hamilton Bulldogs|AHL|76|18|31|49|32|6|0|1|1|13|
|2009–10|Hamilton Bulldogs|AHL|75|36|41|77|56|19|8|11|19|14|
|2009–10|Montreal Canadiens|NHL|2|0|0|0|0|—|—|—|—|—|
|2010–11|Dinamo Riga|KHL|49|9|17|26|38|11|4|5|9|10|
|2011–12|Hamilton Bulldogs|AHL|5|2|5|7|4|—|—|—|—|—|
|2011–12|Portland Pirates|AHL|35|12|19|31|16|—|—|—|—|—|
|2011–12|St. John's IceCaps|AHL|2|0|0|0|4|15|5|6|11|12|
|2014–15|KHL Medveščak Zagreb|KHL|16|1|5|6|41|—|—|—|—|—|
|2014–15|Dinamo Riga|KHL|16|1|1|2|14|—|—|—|—|—|
|2015–16|IF Björklöven|Allsv|35|6|20|26|16|—|—|—|—|—|
|2016–17|SaiPa|Liiga|33|8|11|19|12|—|—|—|—|—|
|2016–17|Oulun Kärpät|Liiga|9|4|8|12|4|2|1|1|2|0|
|2017–18|Chicago Wolves|AHL|4|0|1|1|0|—|—|—|—|—|
|2018–19|Dornbirn Bulldogs|EBEL|42|14|41|55|40|—|—|—|—|—|
|2019–20|HKM Zvolen|Slovak|51|14|46|60|78|—|—|—|—|—|

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **name**: Brock Trotter
- **birth place**: Brandon, Manitoba, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 185
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Right
- **team**: Free Agent
- **former teams**: Montreal Canadiens
Dinamo Riga
KHL Medveščak Zagreb
IF Björklöven
SaiPa
Oulun Kärpät
- **draft**: Undrafted
- **career start**: 2007
Firth of Forth

The **Firth of Forth** is the estuary or _firth_ of Scotland's River Forth. It flows into the North Sea, between Fife to the north, and West Lothian, the City of Edinburgh and East Lothian to the south.

Geologically, the Firth of Forth is a fjord, formed by the Forth Glacier in the last glacial period. The river is tidal as far inland as Stirling.

Traffic is carried across the Firth on the Kincardine Bridge, the Forth Road Bridge and the Forth Rail Bridge. In the 21st century, the Clackmannanshire Bridge has been built close to the Kincardine Bridge and the Queensferry Crossing has been built close to the Forth Road Bridge to handle increased road traffic.

In July 2007, a hovercraft passenger service completed a two week trial between Portobello, Edinburgh and Kirkcaldy, Fife. The trial of the service (marketed as "Forthfast") was hailed as a major operational success, with an average passenger load of 85%. It was predicted to cut congestion for commuters on the Forth road and rail bridges by carrying about 870,000 passengers a year. The service was canceled in 2011.
Don't Download This Song

"**Don't Download This Song**" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a style parody of charity songs like "We Are the World".

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Don't Download This Song
- **artist**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **album**: Straight Outta Lynwood
- **released**: August 21, 2006
- **genre**: Comedy rock
- **length**: 3:54
- **label**: Volcano Records
- **writer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **producer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **prev title**: Pretty Fly for a Rabbi
- **prev year**: 1999
- **next title**: White & Nerdy
- **next year**: 2006
- **tracks**: # "White & Nerdy"
# "Don't Download This Song"
White & Nerdy

"**White & Nerdy**" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Ridin'" by Chamillionaire and Krayzie Bone. It is about a person who is a nerd and wants to join a gang, but cannot because he is too "white and nerdy".

## Reaction from Chamillionaire

Chamillionaire put "White & Nerdy" on his MySpace page, He said he enjoyed the parody. In an interview, Chamillionaire complimented Yankovic's rapping ability, saying, "He's actually rapping pretty good on it, it's crazy ... I didn't know he could rap like that." Yankovic said that Chamillionaire thanked him on the red carpet after "Ridin'" won the Grammy award for Best Rap Song at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards He said that the parody "made it undeniable that ["Ridin'"] was the rap song of the year".

## Track listing

1. "White & Nerdy" – 2:50
1. "Don't Download This Song" – 3:54

## Personnel

- "Weird Al" Yankovic – lead and backing vocals
- Jim West – keyboard programming
- Jon "Bermuda" Schwartz – drum programming

### Weekly

|Chart (2006–2007)|Peak position|
| --- | --- |
|align="center"|12|
|align="center"|9|
|align="center"|14|
|align="center"|80|
|align="center"|9|

### Year-end

|Chart (2006)|Position|
| --- | --- |
|align=center|90|

## Other websites

- Official e-card for the song, includes quiz and video (archive).

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: White & Nerdy
- **type**: single
- **artist**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **album**: Straight Outta Lynwood
- **b-side**: Don't Download This Song
- **released**: September 12, 2006
- **recorded**: July 22, 2006
- **studio**: Westlake Recording
- **genre**: * Comedy hip hop
* Parody music, parody
* nerdcore
- **length**: 2:50
- **label**: Volcano Records, Volcano
- **writer**: *"Weird Al" Yankovic
* Chamillionaire, H. Seriki
* Krayzie Bone, A. Henderson
- **producer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **prev title**: Don't Download This Song
- **prev year**: 2006
- **next title**: Canadian Idiot
- **next year**: 2006
Canadian Idiot

"**Canadian Idiot**" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "American Idiot" by Green Day.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Canadian Idiot
- **artist**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **album**: Straight Outta Lynwood
- **released**: September 26, 2006
- **recorded**: February 19, 2006
- **genre**: Comedy rock, punk rock
- **length**: 2:23
- **label**: Volcano Entertainment, Volcano
- **writer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic, Green Day
- **producer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **prev title**: White & Nerdy
- **prev year**: 2006
- **next title**: EBay (song), eBay
- **next year**: 2007
- **tracks**: # "White & Nerdy"
# "Don't Download This Song"
EBay (song)

"**eBay**" is a song by American comedy music artist "Weird Al" Yankovic.  It is a parody of the Backstreet Boys' 1999 single "I Want It That Way". It is about a man who buys strange and unnecessary things on eBay. It was released on "Poodle Hat", in 2003.

## Composition

Just like in "I Want It That Way", "eBay" is written in the key of A major until approximately the 2-minute, 22-second point of the song, at which point the key modulates to B major. It follows a chord progression of Fm–D–A with a tempo of 101 beats per minute, and is set in the time signature of  common time. Yankovic's vocals span from E<sub>3</sub> to B<sub>4</sub>.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: eBay
- **artist**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
- **album**: Poodle Hat
- **recorded**: March 25, 2002 – March 21, 2003
- **genre**: Comedy music, Comedy, Pop music, pop
- **length**: 3:36
- **label**: Volcano Records
- **writer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic, Max Martin, Andreas Carlsson
- **producer**: "Weird Al" Yankovic
Northern Isles

The **Northern Isles**  are a chain of islands off the north coast of mainland Scotland.

The group includes Shetland, Fair Isle and Orkney.  Sometimes Stroma is included, which is part of Caithness.

## Culture and politics

The Northern Isles are usually separated for political purposes, but they come under the **Orkney and Shetland** parliamentary constituency in Westminster.

Due to their history, the islands have a Norse, rather than a Gaelic flavour, and have historic links with the Faroes, Iceland, and Norway.

Orkney and Shetland were given to Scotland as a deposit on the dowry of Margaret of Denmark when she married James III of Scotland in 1469.
Michele Bachmann

**Michele Marie (née Amble) Bachmann** (born April 6, 1956) is a Republican politician and activist. Since 2007 she has been a United States Congresswoman from Minnesota.

## Early life and career

She was born in Waterloo, Iowa but grew up in Anoka, Minnesota.  At age 16 she became a born again Christian. In 1974 she spent a summer on a Kibbutz near Beer Sheva, Israel. She went to college at Winona State University. In the 1980s and 90s, she was a tax attorney. She was also a pro-life advocate.  She served in the Minnesota State Senate from 2001 to 2007.  Since 2007, she has been a U.S. Congresswoman from Minnesota's 6th district.  Bachmann is one of the leaders of the Tea Party movement in Congress.  She started the Congressional Tea Party Caucus.  She has often been critical of President Obama, who she considers anti-American.  Bachmann has been critical of the American education system, in part because it teaches evolution.  Bachmann also does not believe in global warming.  In June 2012, she said that she was running for President of the United States.

## Personal information

She is married to Marcus Bachmann. They live in Stillwater, Minnesota where they run a mental health care practice with 42 employees. They have five children and 23 foster children.

## Other websites

- Michele Bachmann on Families & Children
- Did Michele Bachmann "raise" 23 foster kids? CBS News
Winona, Minnesota

**Winona** is a city in southeast Minnesota just west of the Mississippi River. Winona State University serves the region.
For Your Entertainment

***For Your Entertainment*** is the debut studio album by American singer and _American Idol_ season 8 runner-up Adam Lambert. The album was recorded during the summer and fall of 2009 and was released on November 23, 2010 in the United States. The album was released under RCA Records. The album was produced by Dr Luke, Max Martin, Linda Perry, and Ryan Tedder. It his #1 on the U.S. _Billboard_ 200 chart and #29 on the 2010 Year-End U.S. _Billboard_ 200 chart.

## Release

The album was first released in the United Kingdom, on November 20, 2009, to generally positive reception. The album was released internationally with "Time for Miracles", "Master Plan", "No Boundaries", "Down the Rabbit Hole" and "Voodoo" as bonus tracks. The CD was also released in a _Tour Edition_, featuring the bonus tracks, live performances, music videos, and the making of "If I Had You"'s music video.

The album was released with a different cover, the same image of the title track artwork. The only difference it's that "Adam Lambert" and "For Your Entertainment" are above, instead of being down.

## Track listing

1. Music Again <small>(Justin Hawkins)</small> - 3:16
1. For Your Entertainment <small>(Lukasz Gottwald, Claude Kelly)</small> - 3:35
1. Whataya Want from Me <small>(P!nk, Max Martin)</small> - 3:47
1. Strut <small>(Kara DioGuardi, Greg Wells, Adam Lambert)</small> - 3:30
1. Soaked <small>(Matt Bellamy)</small> - 4:33
1. Sure Fire Winners <small>(David Gamson)</small> - 3:33
1. A Loaded Smile <small>(Linda Perry, A. Lambert)</small> - 4:04
1. If I Had U <small>(Max Martin)</small> - 3:48
1. Pick U Up <small>(Rivers Cuomo, Max Martin, Wells, A. Lambert)</small> - 4:00
1. Fever <small>(Lady GaGa)</small> - 3:26
1. Sleepwalker <small>(Ryan Tedder)</small> - 4:25
1. Aftermath <small>(Lambert, Alisan Porter, Ferras, Ely Rise Howard Benson)</small> - 4:26
1. Broken Open <small>(Wells, A. Lambert)</small> - 5:11
Ingredient

An **ingredient** is a part that forms part of a mixture (in a general sense). For example, in cooking, recipes specify which ingredients are used to prepare a specific dish. Many commercial products contain a secret ingredient that is purported to make them better than competing products. In the health industry, an active ingredient is that part of a recipe that yields the effect required by the buyer.

National laws usually require prepared food products to show a list of ingredients, and require that certain "bad things" be listed.

In most developed countries, the law requires that ingredients be listed according to their weight in the product. If an ingredient itself consists of more than one ingredient (such as the cookie pieces which are a part of "cookies and cream" flavor ice cream), then that ingredient is listed by what percentage of the total product it occupies, with its own ingredients showed next to it in brackets.
Chainsaw

A **chainsaw** (or **chain saw**) is a portable mechanical saw, typically powered by a two-stroke engine. It is used for cutting trees, to fell snags, to cut firebreaks in wild land fires, and to harvest firewood. Special chainsaws are used for cutting concrete.

## Parts

A chainsaw has several parts, including:

- Engine — usually a two-stroke gasoline (petrol) internal combustion engine, usually with a cylinder volume of  or electric motor.
- Drive mechanism — typically a clutch and sprocket.
- Guide bar — a long bar with a round end of wear-resistant alloy steel usually  in length. An edge slot guides the cutting chain.
- Cutting chain — Usually each segment in this chain (which is constructed from riveted metal sections similar to a bicycle chain, but without rollers) features small sharp blades called teeth. The bottom of each link features a small metal finger called a "drive link" which locates the chain on the bar, helps to carry lubrication oil around the bar, and engages with the engine's drive sprocket inside the body of the saw.

As chainsaw carving has become more popular, the makers of chainsaws are making special short, narrow-tipped bars for carving. These are called "quarter tipped," "nickel tipped" or "dime tipped" bars, based on the size of the round tip. After sometime the chainsaw chain gets dull.
Orion (spacecraft)

**Orion**, full name: **Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle or Orion MPCV**, is a spacecraft built by Lockheed Martin for NASA.

One of those flew into space (and back to Earth), as late as 2022's fourth quarter. That mission lasted 25 days. There were no astronauts on the flight.

A spaceflight with astronauts is planned for, no earlier than April 2026.

Each Orion spacecraft will be able to carry up to six astronauts. The Orion vehicle will be launched on the Space Launch System. The first launch (Exploration Flight Test-1) was on the Delta IV Heavy.

Orion is meant to take humans to the Moon and Mars.

## History

Orion was first made for the Constellation program in 2004, as the **Orion CEV (Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle)**. It was meant to be launched on the Ares I rocket. Then it would be able to go to the International Space Station. It was also planned to go to a spacecraft launched in pieces on different Ares V rockets, and the spacecraft with the Orion would go to the Moon, Mars, or another place.

In October, 2010, Constellation was cancelled. They created a new program and a new rocket called the Space Launch System, and changed the name of Orion to the **Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle**.

## Related pages

- NASA
- Space Launch System

## Other websites

- Orion NASA webpage

## Infobox (spacecraft class)

- **name**: Orion
- **image**: Orion with ATV SM.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **image caption**: An artist's picture of the Orion spacecraft
- **manufacturer**: Lockheed Martin
 Airbus Defence and Space, Airbus
- **country**: United States of America
- **operator**: NASA
- **applications**: Beyond Low-Earth orbit, LEO exploration
- **spacecraft type**: Space capsule
- **design life**: 21 days, 2 hours and 24 minutes
- **launch mass**: Capsule:
 Service module:
 Total:
- **crew capacity**: 2–6
- **volume**: Pressurized:
 Habitable:
- **launched**: 2
- **first**: December 5, 2014
Bracket

**Brackets** are tall punctuation marks used in matched pairs within text. They are used in mathematics and in literature (written language). They are sometimes used to set apart or interject other parts of the text. They are noted as left/right: the _left bracket_ is "[" and the _right bracket_ is "]".

In the American English, "bracket" usually refers specifically to the "square" or "box" type. In British English, "bracket" normally refers to the "round" type, which is called a "parenthesis" mark in American usage.

Parentheses are the curved brackets "(  )". They are also called _round brackets_, _curved brackets_, _oval brackets_, or, colloquially, _parens_.

Parentheses have several different meanings, such as:
- noting optional text:  "(this is optional)";
- showing other word endings:  "vote(s)" or "quick(ly)"
- adjusting the meaning:  "There are some (many) pages".
- adding humor:  "They sell pre-owned (read: "used") cars".
- indicating a negative number:  $90 - $100 = ($10)
- grouping terms in a calculation:  6 x (2 + 3) = 30.
- showing emphasis for attention:  "(((wow)))".
There are also other uses for parentheses.

Parentheses enclose text which could be left out, without destroying or altering the meaning of a sentence. In most writing, overuse of parentheses is usually a sign of a badly structured text. A milder effect may be obtained by using a pair of commas around the text, although if the sentence contains commas for other uses, then visual confusion may result.

Parentheses may be used in formal writing to add more information, such as in:
- "Sen. John McCain (R., Arizona) spoke at length"
They can also note "either singular or plural" for nouns, such as in the word "claim(s)".

In mathematics, various brackets are used for various purposes. These include, in particular:

- The use of parenthesis in ordered pairs and tuples (as in )
- The use of square brackets in intervals (as in )
- The use of braces in set-builder notation (as in )
- The use of angle brackets in inner products (as in )

## Related pages

- Emoticon
- Order of operations

## Bibliography

- States that what are depicted as brackets above are called braces and braces are called brackets. This was the terminology in US printing prior to computers.
Theogony

The **Theogony** (, _Theogonía_, the birth of the gods) is a poem by Hesiod. It was written in the 8th or 7th century BC, and uses the same dialect of Ancient Greek as Homer. This dialect is known as Epic dialect today. With the exception of the Illiad and the Odyssey, the Theogony is the oldest known source of Greek mythology.

The poem is a synthesis of different Greek stories and traditions. It is a story that tells how the gods came to be and how they established permanent control over the cosmos. It is the first Greek mythical cosmogony. In the beginning, the state of the universe is chaos - a dark indefinite void. Everything else appeared from divine chaos.

## Selected translations

- Athanassakis, Apostolos N., _Theogony ; Works and days ; Shield / Hesiod ; introduction, translation, and notes_, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.
- Frazer, R.M. (Richard McIlwaine), _The Poems of Hesiod_, Norman : University of Oklahoma Press, 1983.
- Most, Glenn, translator, _Hesiod_, 2 vols., Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2006-07.
- Schlegel, Catherine M., and Henry Weinfield, translators, _Theogony and Works and Days_, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 2006

## Other websites

- Hesiod, _Theogony_ e-text (in English)
- Hesiod, Theogony e-text in Ancient Greek (from Perseus)
- Hesiod, Theogony e-text in English (from Perseus)
Musaceae

The **Musaceae** are a family of flowering plants in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of the Old World. The plants are large herbs with very big leaves; the lower parts of the leaves form a false stem so they look as trees.

The species of this family are native to the tropics of Africa, East Asia, Australia and South Pacific; some of them, like bananas and plantains, are grown in all tropical countries for their fruits.

## Description

These are perennial herbaceous plants; they are not very tall. The lower parts of the big leaves are closely packed making a false stem (_pseudostem_) that is not made of wood. The true stems grow underground; it is called a rhizome or a corm. The false stems die after flowering and producing fruits and are replaced by new false stems rising from the underground corm.

The flowers have bracts and grow in groups (inflorescences) and are pollinated by insects, birds, bats and treeshrews.

Fruits are berries with many hard seeds but the fruits of commercial bananas and plantains do not have seeds because they are steriles.

## Genera

The French botanist Antoine Laurent de Jussieu created this family in 1789.

There are three genera in this family:
- _Ensete_
- _Musa_
- _Musella_

Acceptance of _Musella_ has varied; , the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families considers it a synonym of _Ensete_.

## Uses

In addition to banana and plantain fruits and their products (including alcohol, meal), _Musa_ species and varieties are important sources of fibre (abacá, Manila hemp).

## Other websites

- F.A. Lohmueller. 2005. The Botanical System of the Plants
- _Monocot families_ (USDA)
- NCBI Taxonomy Browser
- _Preliminary analysis of the literature on the distribution of wild Musa species_
- The Musaceae - an annotated list of the species
Zingiberales

**Zingiberales** is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely recognised by the taxonomists, at least for the past few decades. This order includes many familiar plants like ginger, cardamom, turmeric, galangal and myoga of the Zingiberaceae or ginger family, and bananas and plantains of the Musaceae or banana family, along with arrowroot of the Marantaceae or arrowroot family.
Zingiberaceae

**Zingiberaceae**, or the **Ginger family**, is a family of flowering plants consisting of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes, comprising ca. 52 genera and more than 1300 species, distributed throughout tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
TWAS

Nobel Laureate Abdus Salam of Pakistan led a group of scientists in starting **TWAS** in 1983. This group of important and respected scientists knew that scientific research in developing countries was not good enough and wanted to improve it. **TWAS** meant **Third World Academy of Sciences**. The name was changed to **TWAS, the academy of sciences for the developing world** in 2004. TWAS is a science academy uniting 1,000 scientists in some 70 countries. Its main goals are promoting the ability to do science and excellence for sustainable development in the South (see North-South divide). Its headquarters are at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy.

- Developing countries have 80% of the world’s population, but only 28% of the world's scientists come from these countries. This is a problem for solving real-life problems affecting poor nations.

- There is never enough money to support research in developing countries. Scientists in developing countries become isolated. This causes problems for scientists' careers, their institutions and, their nations.

- Scientists in developing countries often earn poor salaries. They may get little respect for their work because others do not understand how important it can be. This causes brain drain from developing countries to the North. Then the South becomes even poorer.

- Research institutions and universities in the South are under-funded, forcing scientists to work in difficult conditions and often with outdated equipment.

The founding members of TWAS therefore decided to set up an organization that would help to:
1. Recognize, support and promote excellence in scientific research in the South;
1. Provide promising scientists in the South with research facilities necessary for the advancement of their work;
1. Facilitate contacts between individual scientists and institutions in the South;
1. Encourage South-North cooperation between individuals and centres of scholarship;
1. Promote scientific research on major developing countries problems.

The Italian government has supported TWAS financially since it began. The director general of UNESCO  and the president of TWAS signed an agreement. UNESCO has managed TWAS finance and staff since 1991.

## Original members

These are some of the original fellows. They started TWAS in 1983.
- Hua Luogeng (1910–1985), China
- Nil Ratan Dhar (1892–1987), India
- Luis F. Leloir (1906–1987), Argentina
- Benjamin Peary Pal (1906–1989), India
- Ignacio Bernal (1910–1992), Mexico
- Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff (1912–1994), Colombia
- Emilio Rosenblueth (1926–1994), Mexico
- Salimuzzaman Siddiqui (1897–1994), Pakistan
- Abdus Salam (1926–1996), Pakistan
- Carlos Chagas Filho (1910–2000), Brazil
- Johanna Döbereiner (1924–2000), Brazil
- Gopalasamudram Narayana Ramachandran (1922–2001), India
- Thomas Risley Odhiambo (1931–2003), Kenya
- Marcel Roche (1920–2003), Venezuela
- Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar (1930–2004), India
- Thomas Adeoye Lambo (1923–2004), Nigeria
- Autar Singh Paintal (1925–2004), India