juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Moore's Island

**Moore's Island** is one of the districts of the Bahamas.  It is on the Abaco Islands.

Moore's Island is one of the little cays off the main land of Abaco. It is about  long and  wide.  It is about  from Abaco. It has two towns. Hard Bargain is the capital and the other town is the Bight.
North Abaco

**North Abaco** is one of the districts of the Bahamas.  It is on the Abaco Islands. Some of the more known towns in this district include:

- Wood Cay
- Crown Haven
- Cedar Harbour
- Coopers Town
- Fire Road Village
- Black Wood Village
- New Plymouth
North Andros

**North Andros** is one of the districts of The Bahamas. It is also the largest district in the country. It has some of the largest towns on Andros Island.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: District of North Andros
- **native name**: North Andros
- **image map**: North Andros District.png
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bahamas
- **subdivision type1**: Island
- **subdivision name1**: Andros, Bahamas, Andros
- **government type**: District Council
- **leader title1**: Chief Councillor
- **leader name1**: Brian O’Neal Cleare
- **leader title2**: Deputy Chief Councillor
- **leader name2**: Granville Coleby
- **established title**: The Bahamas Local Government Act of 1996, Established
- **established date**: 1996
- **population as of**: 2008
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone (North America), EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **area code**: 242
North Eleuthera

**North Eleuthera** is one of the districts of the Bahamas.  It is on the island of Eleuthera.

North Eleuthera Airport serves the area.
Rum Cay

**Rum Cay** is an island and district of the Bahamas. Rum Cay is 20 miles (32 km) southwest of San Salvador Island.  Christopher Columbus called it Santa Maria de la Concepción.
South Abaco

**South Abaco** is one of the districts of the Bahamas.  It is on the Abaco Islands.
South Andros

**South Andros** is a district of The Bahamas.  South Andros is known for the production of fresh conch, land crab, and spiny lobster.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: District of South Andros
- **image map**: South Andros District.png
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bahamas
- **subdivision type1**: Island
- **subdivision name1**: Andros, Bahamas, Andros
- **government type**: District Council
- **leader title1**: Chief Councillor
- **leader name1**: Zebedee Rolle
- **leader title2**: Deputy Chief Councillor
- **leader name2**: Stephen Kemp
- **established title**: The Bahamas Local Government Act of 1996, Established
- **established date**: 1996
- **population as of**: 2008
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone (North America), EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **area code**: 242
Managed services

**Managed services** is the practice of outsourcing day-to-day management work. It is a calculated way for improved operations inclusive of production support and life cycle build/maintenance activities. The business owner or administrator, who has direct oversight of the organization or system being managed, is referred to as the client, or customer. The person or organization that manages and provides the service is regarded as the service provider. It is an alternative to the break/fix or on-demand outsourcing model where the service provider performs on-demand services and bills the customer only for the work done.

## Related pages

- Outsourcing
Biscarrosse – Parentis Airport

**Biscarrosse - Parentis Airport** (ICAO code: **LFBS**) is located at Parentis-en-Born in Landes departement of Nouvelle-Aquitaine region at 3.5 km south-east of Biscarosse.

A campus of the _École nationale de l'aviation civile_ (French civil aviation university) is located on the aerodrome.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Biscarrosse - Parentis Airport
- **nativename**: Aérodrome de Biscarrosse - Parentis
- **icao**: LFBS
<small>Location of airport in France</small>
- **type**: Public
- **city-served**: Biscarosse, France
- **location**: Parentis-en-Born, France
- **elevation-f**: 100
- **elevation-m**: 30
- **r1-number**: 09/27
- **r1-length-f**: 2,624
- **r1-length-m**: 800
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **r2-number**: 12/30
- **r2-length-f**: 4,265
- **r2-length-m**: 1300
- **r2-surface**: Grass
- **r3-number**: 14/32
- **r3-length-f**: 2,296
- **r3-length-m**: 700
- **r3-surface**: Grass
- **footnotes**: Source: French AIP
Castelnaudary – Villeneuve Airport

**Castelnaudary - Villeneuve Airport** (ICAO code: **LFMW**) is located at Villeneuve-la-Comptal in Aude departement of Occitanie region at 2.5 km south-east of Castelnaudary.

A campus of the _École nationale de l'aviation civile_ (French civil aviation university) is located on the aerodrome.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Castelnaudary - Villeneuve Airport
- **nativename**: Aérodrome de Castelnaudary - Villeneuve
- **image**: lfmw11.jpg
- **icao**: LFMW
<small>Location of airport in France</small>
- **type**: Public
- **city-served**: Castelnaudary, France
- **location**: Villeneuve-la-Comptal, France
- **elevation-f**: 100
- **elevation-m**: 30
- **r1-number**: 11/29
- **r1-length-f**: 2,657
- **r1-length-m**: 810
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **footnotes**: Source: French AIP
Peace of Paris (1814)

The **Peace of Paris** (1814) was a peace accord that ended the war between France and the Sixth Coalition (Austria, Prussia, Russia, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Spain and a number of German states). Napoleon was defeated and driven into exile on Elba. The peace restored the Burbons in France and defined most of the country's borders.
Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban Airport

**Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban Airport** (ICAO code: **LFMX**) is located at Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence departement of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region at 4 km south-west of Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban.

A campus of the _École nationale de l'aviation civile_ (French civil aviation university) is located on the aerodrome.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban Airport
- **nativename**: Aérodrome de Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban
- **icao**: LFMX
<small>Location of airport in France</small>
- **type**: Public
- **city-served**: Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban, France
- **location**: Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban, France
- **elevation-f**: 1,507
- **elevation-m**: 459
- **r1-number**: 02/20
- **r1-surface**: Grass
- **footnotes**: Source: French AIP
Apollo 9

**Apollo 9** was a mission in NASA's Apollo program. It was the third crewed mission in the Apollo program and was the first flight of the Command/Service Module (CSM) with the Lunar Module (LM). The crew was Commander James A. McDivitt, Command Module Pilot David R. Scott, and Lunar Module Pilot Russell L. Schweickart. The mission was launched on March 3, 1969. The mission tested several things which were important for landing on the Moon, including the LM engines, backpack life support systems, navigation systems, and docking maneuvers.

## Infobox (spaceflight/dock)

- **docking target**: LM
- **docking type**: dock
- **docking date**: March 3, 1969, 19:01:59 UTC
- **undocking date**: March 7, 1969, 12:39:06 UTC


## Infobox (spaceflight/dock)

- **docking target**: LM Ascent Stage
- **docking type**: dock
- **docking date**: March 7, 1969, 19:02:26 UTC
- **undocking date**: March 7, 1969, 21:22:45 UTC


## Infobox (spaceflight)

- **name**: Apollo 9
- **image**: Gumdrop Meets Spider - GPN-2000-001100.jpg
- **image caption**: David Scott performs a standup EVA from Command Module _Gumdrop_, seen from docked Lunar Module _Spider_
- **insignia**: Apollo-9-patch.png
- **mission type**: Lunar Module test flight
- **operator**: NASA
- **mission duration**: 10 days, 1 hours, 54 seconds
- **launch date**:  UTC
- **launch rocket**: Saturn V SA-504
- **launch site**: Kennedy Space Center, Kennedy Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39, LC-39A
- **landing date**:  UTC
- **landing site**: North Atlantic Ocean

- **orbit epoch**: March 5, 1969
- **orbit reference**: geocentric orbit, Geocentric
- **orbit regime**: Low Earth orbit
- **orbit inclination**: 33.8 degrees
- **orbit period**: 91.55 minutes
- **apsis**: gee
- **crew size**: 3
- **crew evas**: 1
- **crew eva duration**: 77 minutes
- **crew photo**: Apollo9 Prime Crew.jpg
- **crew photo caption**: Left to right: McDivitt, Scott, Schweickart
- **previous mission**: Apollo 8
- **next mission**: Apollo 10
- **programme**: Apollo program
Carcassonne Airport

**Carcassonne Airport** ()  is an airport serving Carcassonne and the south of Occitanie. The airport is located on the western part of the city,  from the city center, in the Aude department. It is also known as Salvaza Airport, Carcassonne Salvaza Airport or Carcassonne Airport in Pays Cathare (Aéroport de Carcassonne en Pays Cathare).

A campus of the _École nationale de l'aviation civile_ (French civil aviation university) is also located at the airport.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Carcassonne Airport
- **iata**: CCF
- **icao**: LFMK
<small>Location of airport in France</small>
- **type**: Public
- **operator**: CCI Carcassonne Limoux Castelnaudary
- **city-served**: Carcassonne, France
- **elevation-f**: 434
- **elevation-m**: 132
- **website**: [http://www.carcassonne.aeroport.fr/uk/ carcassonne.aeroport.fr]
- **metric-rwy**: y
- **r1-number**: 10/28
- **r1-length-m**: 2,050
- **r1-length-f**: 6,726
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **r2-number**: 10L/28R
- **r2-length-m**: 800
- **r2-length-f**: 2,625
- **r2-surface**: Grass
- **footnotes**: Sources: French Aeronautical Information Publication, _Union des Aéroports Français_, DAFIF.
Alpes–Isère Airport

**Alpes–Isère Airport** (formerly known as **Grenoble-Isère Airport**) , is an airport serving Grenoble.  It is 2.5 km north-northwest of Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs and 40 km northwest of Grenoble.  Both are _communes_ in the Isère, _département_ of France. It is also known as **Grenoble - Saint-Geoirs Airport**.  The name, Isere, refers to the department of Isère.

A campus of the _École nationale de l'aviation civile_ (French civil aviation university) is also at the airport.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Alpes–Isère Airport
- **nativename**: <small>_Aéroport Alpes–Isère_</small>
d'Exploitation de l'Aéroport de Grenoble (SEAG)
- **iata**: GNB
- **icao**: LFLS
- **city-served**: Grenoble, France
- **location**: Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs
- **elevation-f**: 1,302
- **elevation-m**: 397
- **website**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20060813084526/http://www.grenoble-airport.com/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=55 grenoble-airport.com]
- **image map**: Rhône-Alpes in France.svg
- **image map caption**: Location of Rhône-Alpes region in France
- **pushpin map**: France Rhône-Alpes
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of airport in Rhône-Alpes region
- **pushpin label**: **LFLS**
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **metric-rwy**: y
- **r1-number**: 09/27
- **r1-length-f**: 10,007
- **r1-length-m**: 3,050
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **r2-number**: 09R/27L
- **r2-length-f**: 2,952
- **r2-length-m**: 900
- **r2-surface**: Grass
- **stat-year**: 2014
- **stat1-header**: Passengers
- **stat1-data**: 320,647
- **stat2-header**: Passenger Change 13-14
- **stat2-data**: 5.0%
- **footnotes**: Source: French AIP
Saint-Yan Airport

**Saint-Yan Airport** ()  , also known as **Charolais Bourgogne Sud Airport**, is an airport in Saint-Yan, a _commune_ of the Saône-et-Loire department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of France. A campus of the _École nationale de l'aviation civile_ (French civil aviation university) is located on the airport.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Saint-Yan Airport
- **image**: Aerodrome-saintyan.JPG
- **iata**: SYT
- **icao**: LFLN
<small>Location of airport in France</small>
- **type**: Public
- **operator**: Saint-Yan Air'e Business (SYAB)
- **city-served**: Saint-Yan, France
- **elevation-f**: 796
- **elevation-m**: 243
- **website**: [http://www.aeroportsaintyan.fr/ www.aeroportsaintyan.fr]
- **metric-rwy**: y
- **r1-number**: 15L/33R
- **r1-length-m**: 2,030
- **r1-length-f**: 6,660
- **r1-surface**: Concrete
- **r2-number**: 15R/33L
- **r2-length-m**: 1,500
- **r2-length-f**: 4,921
- **r2-surface**: Concrete
- **r3-number**: 15/33
- **r3-length-m**: 720
- **r3-length-f**: 2,362
- **r3-surface**: Grass
- **footnotes**: Sources: French Aeronautical Information Publication, _Union des Aéroports Français_
Treaty of Paris (1259)

The **Treaty of Paris** was a treaty between Louis IX of France and Henry III of England, agreed to on December 4, 1259. It is also known as **Treaty of Albeville**.  It was mainly about territories that England had obtained in 1180, in Normandy. Philip II of France had conquered many of these territories. England lost the Battle of Bouvines in 1214, and was weakened on the European mainland. Louis VII of France strengthened this position. The English were left with Gascony and Bordeaux. The treaty also gave the Channel Islands to England. Henry gave up control of  Maine, Anjou and Poitou, which had been lost under the reign of King John but remained Duke of Aquitaine and was able to keep the lands of Gascony and parts of Aquitaine but only as a vassal to Louis.

In exchange, Louis withdrew his support for English rebels. He also ceded to Henry the bishoprics and cities of Limoges, Cahors and Périgueux and was to pay an annual rent for possession of Agenais.
Treaty of Paris (1303)

The **Treaty of Paris** was signed on May 20, 1303, between England and France. In the Treaty of Paris (1259), Gascony was given to England, as a fief. On all occasions when there was a change of monarch in France or England, the vassal England had to give praise to its lord, France. Edward I of England did this, in the years 1272 and 1285, and also reminded France that it had the same duties. 1294, the treaty was broken. Philip IV of France occupied Guyenne, in Gascony. The English king made it an Allodial title, and was prepared to go to war over it.  Philip was only able to keep Guyenne until 1303. With the Treaty of Paris, Edward obtained Guyenne, as well as the cities of Bordeaux and Bayonne. Edward II of England gave allegiance to the French King, and married his daughter, Isabella.
Melun Villaroche Aerodrome

**Melun Villaroche Aerodrome** ()  is an aerodrome  north of Melun.  Melun is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

The airport is  east-southeast of Moissy-Cramayel and  southeast of Paris. A campus of the _École nationale de l'aviation civile_ (French civil aviation university) is also in the aerodrome.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Melun Villaroche Aerodrome
- **icao**: LFPM
<small>Location of airport in France</small>
- **type**: Public
- **operator**: SYMPAV (Syndicat Mixte du pôle d'activités de Villaroche)
- **city-served**: Melun, France
- **elevation-f**: 304
- **elevation-m**: 93
- **metric-rwy**: y
- **r1-number**: 10/28
- **r1-length-m**: 1,975
- **r1-length-f**: 6,480
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **r2-number**: 01/19
- **r2-length-m**: 1,300
- **r2-length-f**: 4,265
- **r2-surface**: Asphalt
- **footnotes**: Sources: French Aeronautical Information Publication, Union des Aéroports Français, DAFIF
Montpellier–Méditerranée Airport

**Montpellier – Méditerranée Airport** or _Aéroport de Montpellier - Méditerranée_ , also known as **Fréjorgues Airport**, is an airport in southern France. It is 7 km east-southeast of Montpellier in Mauguio. The airport carries the 10th largest number of passengers in France (over 1.180 million in 2010). A campus of the _École nationale de l'aviation civile_ (French civil aviation university) is also located at the airport.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Montpellier - Méditerranée Airport
- **nativename**: Aéroport de Montpellier - Méditerranée
- **image**: Montpellier airport.JPG
- **image-width**: 250px
- **iata**: MPL
- **icao**: LFMT
<small>Location of airport in France</small>
- **type**: Public
- **operator**: S.A Aéroport de Montpellier Méditerranée
- **city-served**: Montpellier, France
- **location**: Mauguio, France
- **elevation-f**: 17
- **elevation-m**: 5
- **website**: [http://www.montpellier.aeroport.fr/ montpellier.aeroport.fr]
- **metric-rwy**: y
- **r1-number**: 13L/31R
- **r1-length-f**: 8,530
- **r1-length-m**: 2,600
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **r2-number**: 13R/31L
- **r2-length-f**: 3,609
- **r2-length-m**: 1,100
- **r2-surface**: Asphalt
- **footnotes**: Source: French AIP
Otradnoye

**Otradnoye** (, 59°47'N 30°49'E) is a town in northwestern Russia near Saint Petersburg. Its population is about 23,900 (2011). The territory of Otradnoye is about 70 square kilometers.
South Eleuthera

**South Eleuthera** is one of the districts of the Bahamas.  It is on the island of Eleuthera.
Spanish Wells

**Spanish Wells** is one of the districts of the Bahamas. It is a small town on the island of St. George's Cay   It is  wide by  long. About 1,500 people live here. Spanish Wells has a bridge to neighboring Russell Island. Spanish Wells is so small that many people get around the island using golf carts instead of full-sized cars.

The area had a lot of property damage during a direct hit from Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and Floyd in 1999.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: District of Spanish Weslls
- **image skyline**: SpanishWells.jpg
- **image map**: Spanish Wells District.png
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Island
- **subdivision name1**: St. George's Cay
- **government type**: District Council
- **leader title1**: Chief Councillor
- **leader name1**: Abner Pinder
- **leader title2**: Deputy Chief Councillor
- **leader name2**: Linda Smith
- **established title**: The Bahamas Local Government Act of 1996, Established
- **established date**: 1996
- **population as of**: 2008
- **population total**: 1,500
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone (North America), EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **area code**: 242
West Grand Bahama

**West Grand Bahama** is one of 31 districts of The Bahamas. The district covers the entire western part of Grand Bahama island.  It does not include the city of Freeport, which is its own district.  Communities within West Grand Bahama include the settlements of Mack Town, Hunters, Lewis Yard, Pinder's Point, Eight Mile Rock, Hepburn Town, Bartlett Hill, Hanna Hill, Pine Dale, Martin Town, Russell Town, Jones Town, Sea Grape, Holmes Rock, Bootle Bay  and the westernmost settlement of West End.

## Subdivisions

West Grand Bahama is divided into four town areas or townships. Each township has its own chairperson. They are:
- Township of West End
- Township of Eight Mile Rock West
- Township of Eightmile Rock East
- Township of Pinder's Point

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: District of West Grand Bahama
- **image map**: West Grand Bahama.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bahamas
- **subdivision type1**: Island
- **subdivision name1**: Grand Bahama
- **government type**: District Council
- **leader title**: Chief Councillor
- **leader name**: Calvis Bartlett
- **established title**: The Bahamas Local Government Act of 1996, Established
- **established date**: 1996
- **population as of**: 2008
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone (North America), EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **area code**: 242
Airexpo

**Airexpo** is a French airshow created in 1987. It is the third most important airshow of France. It is organized by the students of the universities _École nationale de l'aviation civile_ and those of the _Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace_. It is yearly organized and most of the time on the Muret - Lherm Aerodrome.

## Presentation

The aircraft are representative of the world of aviation, from the Supermarine Spitfire to the F-18 Super Hornet, through the little Robin DR400. Proof of its quality and originality, the airliners are also regularly represented with the participation of Airbus and ATR, with the Airbus A380 and A340-600 or the ATR 72-500.

## Other websites

- Official website
Green Turtle Cay

**Green Turtle Cay** is an island in The Bahamas. It is in the "Abaco Out Islands".  It is  long and 1/2 mile wide. It was named after the many green turtles that live in the area. There are about 450 people.  The main town is New Plymouth.
King Fahd Causeway

The **King Fahd Causeway** is a causeway joining Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. The idea to make the causeway was to improve the connections between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. Surveying began in 1968. Construction began in 1981.  In 1986 it was opened to the public.

In 2008 there was an average of 48,600 passengers per day.

## Infobox (bridge)

- **name**: King Fahd Causeway
- **native name**: جسر الملك فهد
- **native name lang**: ar
- **image**: King Fahd causeway satellite.png
- **caption**: Satellite image of the King Fahd Causeway
- **carries**: Motor vehicles
- **crosses**: Gulf of Bahrain
- **locale**:

- **official name**: King Fahd Causeway
- **other name**: Bahrain Bridge
- **named for**: Fahd of Saudi Arabia, Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
- **maint**: King Fahd Causeway Authority
- **builder**: Ballast Nedam
- **cost**: US$ 800 million
- **toll**: Saudi riyal, SAR 25, Bahraini Dinar, BHD 2.5 (Small Vehicles)
 SAR 35, BHD 3.5 (Light Trucks & Small Bus)
 SAR 50, BHD 5 (Large Buses)
SAR 5, BHD 0.500 per ton (Trucks)
Greater Kashmir

**Greater Kashmir** is an English-language newspaper published in Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir. The newspaper started as a weekly newspaper in 1977. Since 1978, it is published daily. It is among the most widely read English-language newspapers in the territory.

## Infobox (newspaper)

- **name**: Greater Kashmir
- **language**: English
Qatar Bahrain Causeway

The **Qatar Bahrain Causeway** (also called the **Qatar Bahrain Friendship Bridge**) is a planned causeway between the two Arab states of Qatar and Bahrain. It was announced on 13 December 2008 that construction would start in early 2009. As of November 2010, construction had not started. On 27 April 2011, an announcement was made that building the causeway would start in 2011 for completion in 2015.

## Infobox (bridge)

- **bridge name**: Qatar Bahrain Bridge
- **image size**: 250px
- **also known as**: Qatar Bahrain Friendship Bridge
- **carries**: Motor vehicle and Rail transport, Rail
- **crosses**: Gulf of Bahrain
- **locale**: Bahrain and Qatar
- **maint**: Qatar and Bahrain Causeway Foundation
- **open**: 2022 (_planned_)
Flag of Bahrain

The national **flag of Bahrain** is a white band on the left, with a red area on the right split by five triangles.

Red is the traditional colour for flags of the Arab states of the Arabian gulf. The five points are for the five pillars of Islam.

It is very similar to the flag of Qatar, but that flag is darker, has more points, and is longer than the Flag of Bahrain.

## History

The oldest known flags of Bahrain were plain red. In 1820, Bahrain made a treaty with the United Kingdom.  A white stripe was added to show the truce. In 1932, a saw-like edge was added to make the flag of Bahrain different from its neighbours.

The flag first had twenty-eight white points. This was changed to eight in 1972. In 2002 the number was changed to five.  This was so that each of the points could stand for one of the Five Pillars of Islam.
Coat of arms of Bahrain

The current **coat of arms  of Bahrain** is a coat of arms that was originally designed in 1932 by Charles Belgrave, the British adviser to the then-Shaikh of Bahrain. The design has undergone slight modifications since then, namely in 1971 in 2002 when mantling and the indentations of the chief were modified respectively, but the influence of the original design is still clearly visible in the modern blazon.

The arms act as a governmental and national symbol in addition to being the personal arms of the king; only the king, however, may display the royal crown ensigning the coat of arms.

## History

The General Maritime Treaty of 1820 gave Bahrain protected status (not as a protectorate of the United Kingdom). In 1932, the advisor to the Ruler, Charles Belgrave, designed a coat of arms for the Ruler, Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa. The original heraldic achievement was red with a white chief dancetée of three ensigned by an heraldic _ancient crown_ of eight points, with five being visible in renditions.

After the United Kingdom withdrew from Bahrain in 1971, red mantling with a white lining was added to the coat of arms as a symbol of the island nation's newly acquired independent sovereignty. The mantling is displayed around the shield without a helm or torse, in a manner unusual to traditional heraldic practice. The Princely coat of arms still displayed the Crown when used as the personal arms of Emir, though the Crown was modified to have smaller points displayed between the space of each point. The arms displayed with the mantling sans Crown became the arms of dominion for Bahrain.

The heraldic device has been most recently altered in 2002, when the emirate was declared a kingdom by Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa. The shield remains red, but the white chief dancetée now includes five indentations to represent the five pillars of the Muslim faith, rather than the three as was originally assumed in 1932.

The design on the shield is nearly identical to the design of the national flag, the only difference being that the whole of the design is rotated so that the chief of the shield appears as the hoist of the flag. The current **coat of arms  of Bahrain** was made in 1932 by Charles Belgrave.

## Related pages

- Flag of Bahrain

## Infobox (coat of arms)

- **name**: Coat of arms of Bahrain
- **image**: Coat of arms of Bahrain.svg
- **image width**: 250
- **armiger**: King of Bahrain
- **year adopted**: 1932
- **shield**: Gules, a chief dancetty of five Argent
- **other elements**: Mantling gules doubled argent
Bahrainona

"**Baħrajnonâ**" (, ; "Our Bahrain") is the national anthem of Bahrain.
Several changes were made to this song by a national police band which was formerly led by Colonel Moħammed Ṣedqi Għajâẋ. The lyrics (words of the song) were written by Jusef Għaṭṭeja ar-Rimâwi. The melody comes from at least the 1940s, but its composer remains unknown. It was later rearranged by singer and composer ‘Aħmad al-Ġomajri.

### Arabic original

|Arabic script|Latin script|Pronunciation|
| --- | --- | --- |
|<poem>بحريننا ملكنا رمز الوئام دستورها عالي المكانة والمقام ميثاقها نهج الشريعة والعروبة والقيم عاشت مملكة البحرين بلد الكرام مهد السلام دستورها عالي المكانة والمقام ميثاقها نهج الشريعة والعروبة والقيم عاشت مملكة البحرين</poem>|<poem>Baħrajnonâ Malikonâ Ramżo l-we‘âm Dosturohâ għali l-makânate wa l-maqâm Mizâquhâ nahġo ẋ-ẋarigħate wa l-għorubate wa l-qejam Għâẋat mamlakato l-Baħrajn Balado l-kerâm Mahdo s-salâm Dosturohâ għali l-makânate wa l-maqâm Mizâquhâ nahġo ẋ-ẋarigħate wa l-għorubate wa l-qejam Għâẋat mamlakato l-Baħrajn</poem>|<poem>/baħ.raj.nu.naː/ /ma.lij.ku.naː/ /ram.zu lwiʔaːm/ /dus.tuw.ru.haː ʕaː.lujl ma.kaː.na.ti wal.ma.qaːm/ /mij.θaː.qu.haː nah.dʒuʃ ʃa.rij.ʕa.ti wal.ʕu.ruw.ba.ti wal.qi.jam/ /ʕaː.ʃat mam.la.ka.tul baħ.rajn/ /ba.la.dul ki.raːm/ /mah.dus sa.laːm/ /dus.tuw.ru.haː ʕaː.lujl ma.kaː.na.ti wal.ma.qaːm/ /mij.θaː.qu.haː nah.dʒuʃ ʃa.rij.ʕa.ti wal.ʕu.ruw.ba.ti wal.qi.jam/ /ʕaː.ʃat mam.la.ka.tul baħ.rajn/</poem>|

### Literal English translation

- Our Bahrain,
- Our King
- The symbol of harmony.

- High-ranking in its Constitution
- Thy Charter represents the Shari'a way, Arabism, :and the values
- Long live thy Kingdom of Bahrain!

- Thy country of nobles
- and cradle of peace.

- High-ranking in its Constitution
- Thy Charter represents the Shari'a way, Arabism, and the values
- Long live thy Kingdom of Bahrain!

## Infobox (anthem)

- **title**: نشيد البحرين الوطني
- **transcription**: Baħrajnonâ
- **english title**: Our Bahrain
- **prefix**: National
- **author**: Jusef Għaṭṭeja ar-Rimâwi
- **composer**: Unknown, 1942;
later rearranged by ‘Aħmad al-Ġomajri
- **adopted**: 1971
- **sound**: Bahraini_Anthem.ogg
- **sound title**: Baħrajnonâ (Instrumental)
Bahraini

**Bahraini** may be:
- Something of, or related to Bahrain
- Bahraini people
- Bahraini cuisine

## Related pages

- List of all pages beginning with "Bahraini"
Teide National Park

**Teide National Park** is the most visited National Park in Spain and also one of the most visited National Parks in the world.

Located in Tenerife (Canary Islands), it is centered around 3718m Mount Teide, the highest mountain of Spain and the islands of the Atlantic (it is the third largest volcano in the world from its base). It was declared a National Park on 22 January 1954, making it one of the oldest national parks in Spain.

The park has an area of 18,990 hectares and was named a **World Heritage Site** by UNESCO on 28 June 2007. Since the end of 2007, it has also been one of the 12 Treasures of Spain. Midway up the mountain are the telescopes of the Observatorio del Teide. Territorially, it belongs to the municipality of La Orotava.

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Teide National Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **photo**: TeideS.jpg
- **photo caption**: Teide, Mount Teide
- **map caption**: Location within Tenerife
- **location**: Tenerife, Spain
- **area**: 189.9 km²
- **established**: 1954
- **visitation num**: 3,5 million annual visits
King of Bahrain

The **King of Bahrain** is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain. Between 1783 and 1971, the Bahraini monarch held the title of Hakim. From 1971 until 2002 the title was Emir. On 14 February 2002, the then-Emir of Bahrain, Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa, said Bahrain was a kingdom.  He made himself the first king.

### Hakims of Bahrain (1783–1971)

The Arabic title of the Hakim was _Hakim al-Bahrayn_. The Hakim also held the honorific title of sheikh.

|rowspan="2"|**Name**|colspan="2"|**Reign**|rowspan="2"|Remarks|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Sheikh Ahmed ibn Muhammad ibn Khalifa|1783|1796||||
|Sheikh Abdullah ibn Ahmad Al Khalifa|1796|1843|As co-regent|||
|Sheikh Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifa|1796|1825|As co-regent with Abdullah ibn Ahmad Al Khalifa|||
|Sheikh Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifa|1825|1834|As co-regent with Abdullah ibn Ahmad Al Khalifa|||
|Sheikh Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa|1834|1842|First reign as co-regent with Abdullah ibn Ahmad Al Khalifa|||
|Sheikh Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa|1843|1868|Second reign|||
|Sheikh Ali ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa|1868|1869||||
|Sheikh Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa|1869|1869|Third reign|||
|Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al Khalifa|September 1869|1 December 1869||||
|HH Sheikh Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa|December 1869|9 December 1932||||
|HH Sheikh Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa|10 December 1932|20 February 1942||||
|HH Sheikh Salman ibn Hamad Al Khalifa|20 February 1942|2 November 1961||||
|HH Sheikh Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifa|2 November 1961|16 August 1971|Proclaimed himself Emir|||

### Emirs of Bahrain (1971–2002)

The Arabic title of the Emir was _Amir dawlat al-Bahrayn_. The Emir also held the honorific title of sheikh.

|rowspan="2"|**Name**|rowspan="2"|**Image**|colspan="2"|**Reign**|rowspan="2"|Remarks|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|HH Sheikh Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifa||16 August 1971|8 June 1998|Previously ruled as Sheikh||||
|HH Sheikh Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa||8 June 1998|14 February 2002|Proclaimed himself King||||

### King of Bahrain (2002–Present)

The Arabic title of the King is _Malik al-Bahrayn_. The King also holds the honorific title of sheikh.

|rowspan="2"|**Name**|rowspan="2"|**Image**|colspan="2"|**Reign**|rowspan="2"|**Remarks**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|HM Sheikh Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa||14 February 2002|Present|Previously ruled as Emir||||
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa

**Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa** (born 28 January 1950) is the King of Bahrain.  He became King on 14 February 2002.  He was also _Emir_ from 6 March 1999. He is the son of Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, the previous _Emir_. He was proclaimed Crown Prince on June 27, 1964.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
<small>حمد بن عيسى آل خليفة</small>
- **image**: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa April 2016.jpg
- **succession**: King of Bahrain
- **reign**: 6 March 1999 – present
- **coronation**: 14 February 2002
- **predecessor**: Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa
- **suc-type**: Heir apparent
- **successor**: Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
- **regent**: Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa
Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
- **spouse**: Queen Sabika bint Ibrahim Al Khalifa, Sabika bint Ibrahim <small>(1968–present)</small>
Sheia bint Hassan Al-Khrayyesh Al-Ajmi
2 others
- **issue-link**: #Family
- **issue**: Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
Abdullah Bin Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa
Khalifa bin Hamad Al Khalifa
Najla bint Hamad Al Khalifa
Shaikh Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa, Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa
Khalid bin Hamad Al Khalifa
Faisal ibn Hamad Al Khalifa
Sultan bin Hamad Al Khalifa
Hessa bint Hamad Al Khalifa
Nura bint Hamad Al Khalifa
Munira bint Hamad Al Khalifa
Reema bint Hamad Al Khalifa
- **house**: Al Khalifa family, Al-Khalifa
- **father**: Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa
- **mother**: Hessa bint Salman Al Khalifa
- **birth place**: Riffa, Bahrain
- **religion**: Sunni Islam
Synecdoche

A **synecdoche** is a figure of speech where a thing is referred to by one of its parts. Examples include:
- "Boots" meaning soldiers.
- "Wheels" meaning a car.
- "Pen" meaning writing.
- "America" for the United States.
- "Number 10" for the British Government.
Synecdoche is a form of metonymy, because it refers to its target by using a related term.

## Related pages

- Eponym
- Euphemism
- Metonymy
- Newspeak
- Pun
- Trope
Metonymy

**Metonymy**  is a term for a figure of speech.   Metonymy a thing or concept is indirectly named.  It is not called by its own name, but by the name of something which is closely related or implicit in the context.

One of the most common metonyms is the use of the capital city of a country to mean the government of that country, which is usually in the capital city. For example, mass media uses the word "Washington" to talk about the federal government and national politics of the United States, Other examples of metonyms often use place names to mean major industries which are based there. For example, the stock markets of the US are located on Wall Street in New York City, so "Wall Street" is used as a general word for the US economy. Here is a list of some well-known metonyms:

- Brussels as a metonym for the European Union
- Casa Rosada ("Pink House") as a metonym for the President of Argentina
- Élysée Palace as a metonym for the President of France
- Hollywood as a metonym for US cinema
- Westminster as a metonym for the Parliament of the United Kingdom
- White House used as a metonym for the President of the United States

## Related pages

- Antonomasia
- Eponym
- Euphemism
- Newspeak
- Pun
- Synecdoche
- Trope
Salman, Crown Prince of Bahrain

**Prince Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Crown Prince of Bahrain** (born 21 October 1969) is the heir apparent of the Kingdom of Bahrain. He is deputy supreme commander of the Bahrain Defense Force. Prince Salman is the oldest son of the current king of Bahrain, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa and his first wife Queen Sabika bint Ibrahim Al Khalifa.

Salman went to high school at Bahrain School. He went to American University in Washington D.C. (1992). Then he got a MPhil degree from the University of Cambridge, England (1994).

On 11 November 2020, he became the Prime Minister of Bahrain following the death of Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Prince Salman
- **title**: Crown Prince of Bahrain
Bahrain Defence Force, Deputy Supreme Commander
Prime Minister of Bahrain, 2nd Prime Minister of Bahrain
Deputy King
- **type**: Heir apparent
- **image**: Crown Prince of Bahrain (48749189818) (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Riffa, Bahrain
- **spouse**: Hala bint D'aij Al Khalifa (until 2005)
- **issue**: Isa
Mohammed
Fatima
Al Joud
- **house**: Al Khalifa family, Al Khalifa
- **father**: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
- **mother**: Sabika bint Ibrahim Al Khalifa
- **religion**: Sunni Islam
Prime Minister of Bahrain

In Bahrain, the **prime minister** is the head of government of the country. According to the Constitution of Bahrain, the prime minister is appointed directly by the King, and needs not to be an elected member of the Council of Representatives.

## List of rulers

The Arabic title of the Hakim, as transliterated, was _Hakim al-Bahrayn_ (). The Hakim also held the honorific title of sheikh.
||Portrait|Name|Term of office|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Sheikh Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Khalifa|1783 – 18 July 1795|
|||Sheikh Salman bin Ahmad Al Khalifa|1795–1825|
|||Sheikh Abdullah bin Ahmad Al Khalifa|1795–1843|
|||Sheikh Khalifa bin Sulman Al Khalifa|1825–1834|
|||Sheikh Muhammad bin Khalifa Al Khalifa|1834–1842|
|||Sheikh Muhammad bin Khalifa Al Khalifa|1843–1868|
|||Sheikh Ali bin Khalifa Al Khalifa|1868–1869|
|||Sheikh Muhammad bin Khalifa Al Khalifa|1869|
|||Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdullah Al Khalifa|September – 1 December 1869|
|||Sheikh Isa bin Ali Al Khalifa|1 December 1869 – 26 May 1923|
|||Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa|27 May 1923 – 20 February 1942|
|||Sheikh Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa|20 February 1942 – 2 November 1961|
|||Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa|2 November 1961 – 10 January 1970|
|||Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa|10 January 1970 – 11 November 2020|
|||Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa|11 November 2020 —|

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Prime Minister
- **body**: the
Kingdom of Bahrain
- **native name**: رئيس وزراء البحرين
- **insignia**: Coat of arms of Bahrain.svg
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of arms of Bahrain, Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bahrain
- **image**: Bahraini Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa.jpg
- **incumbent**: Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa
- **incumbentsince**: 11 November 2020
- **type**: head of government
- **residence**: Al-Qudaibiya Palace (Head office)
- **appointer**: King of Bahrain, Monarch of Bahrain
- **formation**: 19 January 1970
- **first**: Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa
- **deputy**: Deputy Prime Minister
- **salary**: BD 7,500 per month
Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa

**His Royal Highness Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa**  (20 November 1935 – 11 November 2020) was a Bahraini royal and politician. He was the unelected 1st Prime Minister of Bahrain from 1971 until his death in 2020.  He was the longest-serving prime minister in the world.

Khalifa is the uncle of the King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.

Khalifa died at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota on 11 November 2020, just two weeks before his 85th birthday.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (cropped).jpg
- **name**: HRH Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa
<small> صاحب السمو الملكي الأمير خليفة بن سلمان آل خليفة</small>
- **office**: Prime Minister of Bahrain
- **monarch**: Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
- **deputy**: Jawad Al-Arrayedh
Muhammad bin Mubarak bin Hamad Al Khalifah
- **term start**: 16 December 1971
- **term end**: 11 November 2020
- **predecessor**: Position created
- **successor**: Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
- **birth place**: Jasra, Kingdom of Bahrain
- **death place**: Rochester, Minnesota, United States, U.S.
- **spouse**: HH Sheikha Hessa bint Ali Al Khalifa
- **children**: 4
National Assembly (Bahrain)

The **National Assembly** is the name of both chambers of the Bahraini parliament.  This is in the Constitution of 2002.

It has 80 seats.  There are 40 elected members of the Council of Representatives (the lower house).  There are 40 royally-appointed members of the Consultative Council (the upper house).

It is chaired by the Speaker of the Consultative Council.  If that person is gone the chair is the Speaker of the Council of Representatives.
Bahraini dinar

The **Bahraini dinar** (symbol: .de.parti or **BD** code: **BHD** 1965) is the currency of Bahrain. It was second strongest currencies in the world. It was listed in top 10 strongest currencies in the world. It was divided into 1000 fils.

## Other websites

- Banknotes of Bahrain

## Infobox (currency)

- **local name lang**: ar
- **image 1**: Бахрейн 1.jpg
- **image title 1**: Bahraini one dinar banknote
- **iso code**: BHD
- **date of introduction**: 1965
- **using countries**:
 (Formerly)
- **inflation rate**: 0,85%
- **inflation source date**: _[https://web.archive.org/web/20190110120435/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/fields/229rank.html#BA The World Factbook]_, 2022
- **pegged with**: United States dollar, U.S. dollar (USD)
 $1 USD = 0.376 BD
- **subunit name 1**: fils
- **symbol comment**: (Arabic) or BD (Latin)
- **frequently used coins**: 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 fils
- **rarely used coins**: 500 fils
- **frequently used banknotes**: BD , BD 1, BD 5, BD 10, BD 20
- **issuing authority title**: Monetary authority
- **issuing authority**: Central Bank of Bahrain
Telephone numbers in Bahrain

**Telephone numbers in Bahrain** are usually eight digits long. Most of the fixed land line numbers start with 1. Cellular (Mobile) phone numbers and pager numbers start with 3* or 663* or 669* depending on the service provider.

The country code is +973. There is no area code in Bahrain. The two digit numbers after the land line prefixes are for different cities or regions in Bahrain.

Batelco is the main service provider for land lines. Mobile users commonly subscribe to Batelco, Zain or Viva.
Dilmun

**Dilmun** is a land mentioned by Mesopotamian civilizations.  It was a trade partner, a source of the metal copper, and an entrepôt of the Mesopotamia-to-Indus Valley Civilization trade route. Although the exact location of Dilmun is not known, it was most likely located in the islands of Bahrain and Failaka island, Kuwait. Dilmun had a presence in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman and nearby Iranian coast in the Persian Gulf. Gilgamesh had to pass through Mount Mashu to reach Dilmun in the Epic of Gilgamesh.

Dilmun appears first in Sumerian cuneiform clay tablets from the end of fourth millennium BC.
Tylos

Bahrain was referred to by the Greeks as **Tylos**.  It was the centre of pearl trading, when _Nearchus_ came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. From the 6th to 3rd century BC Bahrain was in the Persian Empire. The Greek historian, Theophrastus, states that much of the islands were covered in cotton trees. Tylos was famous for selling walking canes that were carried in Babylon.

It is not known whether Bahrain was part of the Seleucid Empire.  Alexander planned to settle the eastern shores of the Persian Gulf with Greek colonists. The upper classes spoke Greek. Tylos became a site of Greek athletic contests.

With the lessening of Greek power, Tylos was added into Characene or Mesenian. From the third century BC to the arrival of Islam in the seventh AD, Bahrain was controlled by two other Iranian dynasties of Parthians and Sassanids.
Awal

**Awal** is the old name of Bahrain, an island country in the Persian Gulf. The name _Awal_ was used for eight centuries. Awal is from the name of a god that was worshiped by people of the islands before Islam. Awal looked like the head of an ox. The god Awal is very similar to the god Nandi of the Hindus.
23rd century BC

The **23rd century BC** is a century which was from the year 2300 BC to 2201 BC.

## Events

- 2334 BC – 2279 BC: (short chronology) Sargon of Akkad's conquest of Mesopotamia.
- 2333 BC: Beginning of the Gojoseon, the first dynasty and government system in Korea.
- c. 2300 BC: Bronze Age starts.
- c. 2300 BC – 2184 BC: Disk of Enheduanna, from Ur, (modern Muqaiyir, Iraq) is made. It is now in University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
- c. 2300 BC – 2200 BC: Head of a man from Nineveh (modern Kuyunjik, Iraq) is made. It is now in Iraq Museum, Baghdad.
- c. 2300 BC: Canal Bahr Yusuf (current name) is made when the waterway from the Nile to the natural lake (now Lake Moeris) is widened and deepened to create a canal.
- c. 2288 BC – 2224/2194 BC: Pepy II and his mother, Queen Merye-ankhnes, Sixth dynasty of Egypt, is made. It is now at The Brooklyn Museum of Art, New York City.
- c. 2285 BC: Enheduanna, high priestess of the moon god Nanna in Ur, was born.
- c. 2278 BC: Pharaoh Pepi II starts to rule (other date is 2383 BC).
- c. 2254 BC – 2218 BC: Stela of Naram-Sin, probably from Sippar, discovered in Susa (modern Shush, Iran), is made. It is now in Musée du Louvre, Paris.
- c. 2250 BC Earliest proof of growing maize in Central America.
- c. 2240 BC: Akkad, capital of the Akkadian Empire, becomes the largest city in the world
- c. 2220 BC Scord of Brouster farmstead made in Shetland, Scotland
- c. 2215 BC:  Comet Hale-Bopp appeared. A Guti army swept down from the Zagros Mountains and defeated the Akkadian army. They took Agade, the capital of Akkad, and destroyed it.
- c. 2300 BC: Metals started to be used in Northern Europe.

## Significant persons

- Sargon of Akkad, founder of the Akkadian Empire and the earliest empire builder in recorded history
- 2279 BC—Death of Sargon I
24th century BC

The **24th century BC** is a century which was from the year 2400 BC to 2301 BC.

## Events

- c. 2900 BC – 2334 BC: Mesopotamian wars of the Early Dynastic period continue.
- c. 2360 BC: Hekla-4 eruption.
- c. 2400 BC: 2000 BC- Large painted jar with birds in the border (Indus valley civilization)  now at the Boston Art Museum.
- c. 2350 BC: End of the Early Dynastic III period in Mesopotamia.
- c. 2350 BC: First destruction of the city of Mari.
- c. 2345 BC: End of Fifth Dynasty. Pharaoh Unas died.
- c. 2345 BC: Sixth dynasty of Egypt starts (other date is 2460 BC).
- c. 2340 BC – 2180 BC: Akkadian Empire.
- c. 2334 BC – 2279 BC: Semitic chieftain Sargon of Akkad's conquest of Sumer and Mesopotamia.

- City of Lothal founded under the Indus valley civilization.

## Significant persons

- Urukagina
- c. 2332 BC—Sargon of Akkad starts to rule
- Enheduanna, daughter of Sargon, priestess and the first author known by name
- Ptahhotep, ancient Egyptian Vizier, author of _The Maxims of Ptahhotep_

## Inventions, discoveries and introductions

- The first official mentioning of beekeeping in Egypt
- The first documented use of an organized courier service for distributing written documents in Egypt

## In popular culture

In modern South Korean national mythology, the character Dangun founded the state Gojoseon in **2333 BC**.  Danjun ruled it for about 2000 years.