juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bhanwar Lal Sharma

**Bhanwar Lal Sharma** (17 April 1945 – 9 October 2022) was an Indian politician and businessman. He was born in Rajasthan, India. Sharma was a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from 1985 to 1993, 1996 to 2008 and incumbent from 2013.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bhanwar Lal Sharma
- **birth place**: Sardarshahar, Bikaner State, British Raj, British India
- **death place**: Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- **office1**: Rajasthan, Member of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
- **termstart1**: 2013
- **constituency1**: Sardarshahar
- **preceded1**: Ashok Kumar
- **termstart2**: 1996
- **termend2**: 2008
- **constituency2**: Sardarshahar
- **preceded2**: Narendra Budania
- **termstart3**: 1985
- **termend3**: 1993
- **constituency3**: Sardarshahar
- **preceded3**: Mohan Lal
- **father**: Manak Ram Sharma
- **residence**: Somani Marg, Gaushala Bas, Sardarshahar Churu
- **party**: Indian National Congress

- **otherparty**: Lok Dal,
Janata Dal
- **profession**: Politician
- **nationality**: Indian
- **occupation**: Business
Kailasavadivoo Sivan

**Kailasavadivoo Sivan** (born 14 April 1957) is an Indian space scientist and the chairperson of the Indian Space Research Organization.

## Early life

He was born in Mela Sarakkalvilai, near Nagercoil in Kanyakumari district of  Tamil Nadu state of India.

## Awards

- Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award, 2019.
- IEEE Simon Ramo Medal, shared with Byrana N. Suresh, 2020.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birth place**: Mela Sarakkalvilai,
Kanyakumari District,
 (present-day Tamil Nadu), India
- **other names**: Abhinandan
- **nationality**: India, Indian
- **country**: India
- **image**: File:The Chairman, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Dr. K. Sivan addressing a press conference on the occasion of ‘Lunar Orbit Insertion of Chandrayaan-2 Mission’, in Bengaluru on August 20, 2019 (cropped).jpg
- **birth name**: Kailasavadivoo Sivan
- **predecessor**: A. S. Kiran Kumar
- **term start**: 15 January 2018
- **title**: Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation, Chairman, Indian Space Research Organisation
- **caption**: K. Sivan addressing a press conference on Chandrayaan-2
Amit Shah

**Amit Anilchandra Shah** (born 1964), popularly known as **Mota Bhai**, is an Indian politician and the current Home Minister of India. He also served as president of the Bharatiya Janata Party from 2014 to 2020.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birth name**: Amit Anilchandra Shah
- **image**: Shri Amit Shah in Raigad.jpg
- **caption**: Shah in 2025
- **office**: 35th Minister of Home Affairs (India), Union Minister of Home Affairs
- **predecessor**: Rajnath Singh
- **primeminister**: Narendra Modi
- **president**: Ramnath Kovind
Droupadi Murmu
- **term start**: 30 May 2019
- **office1**: 1st Union Minister of Cooperation
- **predecessor1**: _Office established_
- **president1**: Ramnath Kovind
Droupadi Murmu
- **primeminister1**: Narendra Modi
- **office2**: Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
- **majority2**: 744,716 (56.34%)
- **predecessor2**: L. K. Advani
- **constituency2**: Gandhinagar, Gujarat
- **office3**: Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha, Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
- **predecessor3**: Dilip Pandya
- **successor3**: Subrahmanyam Jaishankar
- **constituency3**: Gujarat
- **office4**: National Democratic Alliance, Chairman of National Democratic Alliance
- **predecessor4**: Lal Krishna Advani
- **office5**: 9th National President of Bharatiya Janata Party
- **predecessor5**: Rajnath Singh
- **successor5**: J. P. Nadda, Jagat Prakash Nadda
- **office6**: Member of Gujarat Legislative Assembly
- **constituency6**: Naranpura
- **predecessor6**: _Constituency established_
- **successor6**: Kaushik Patel
- **successor7**: _Constituency abolished_
- **predecessor7**: Harishchandra Lavjibhai Patel
- **constituency7**: Sarkhej
- **office8**: Minister of State in Gujarat
- **1blankname8**: Departments
- **2blankname8**: Chief Minister
- **2namedata8**: Narendra Modi
- **party**: Bharatiya Janata Party
- **birth place**: Mumbai, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
(present-day Mumbai)
- **children**: Jay Shah (son)
- **alma mater**: Gujarat University
- **nationality**: Indian
- **occupation**: Politician
Dil Bechara

***Dil Bechara*** (<abbr>transl.</abbr> _The helpless heart_) is an  Bollywood Movie which is directed by  Mukesh Chhabra. The movie is based on John Green's Novel _The Fault in Our Stars__._ Sushant Singh Rajput and Sanjana Sanghi lead the movie. The movie was initially titled _Kizie Aur Manny._ The movie released  on Disney + Hotstar on 24 July 2020. This movie remembered as Actor Sushant Singh Rajput's last film.

## Cast

- Sushant Singh Rajput as Immanuel Rajkumar Junior "Manny"
- Sanjana Sanghi as Kizie Basu
- Sahil Vaid as Jagdish Pandey "JP"
- Swastika Mukherjee as Mrs. Basu
- Saif Ali Khan as Abhimanyu Veer

### Critical response

Taran Adarsh gave it four stars out of five and called it HEARTWARMING & further added, "A beautiful love story. Sushant Singh Rajput is top notch, charismatic in light moments, makes you moist-eyed in emotional parts. Sanjana Sanghi is wonderful." Komal Nahta of _Film Information_ called "It dull and depressing."

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Dil Bechara
- **caption**: Release poster
- **screenplay**: Shashank Khaitan
Suprotim Sengupta
- **starring**: Sushant Singh Rajput
Sanjana Sanghi
Saif Ali Khan
- **music**: A. R. Rahman
- **studio**: Fox Star Studios
- **distributor**: Disney+ Hotstar
- **country**: India
- **language**: Hindi
Morobe big-eyed tree frog

The **Morobe big-eyed tree frog**  (_Nyctimystes trachydermis_) is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea.  It lives in the mountains in the southeastern peninsula.  Scientists found it between 1280 and 2480 meters above sea level.

Scientists say this is one of the largest frogs in the genus _Nyctimystes_.  The male frog can grow to 88 mm long from nose to rear end and scientists are not sure how large the female can be.  It has rough skin on its back and brown eyes.
Alexiares and Anicetus

**Alexiares and Anicetus** (Ἀλεξιάρης Alexiarês and Ανικητος Anikêtos) are minor deities in Greek Mythology. They are the immortal twin sons of Heracles, the greatest of the Greek heroes and the strongest mortal to live. Their mother was Hebe, the goddess of youth. Along with their father Heracles, they were the guardians of Mount Olympus, and the pair may have been regarded as the gatekeepers of Olympus, a role which was often assigned to their immortal father. Additionally, they were responsible for the protection and fortification of towns and citadels, they were also the gods of defense and sports. They were born after Hercules's mortal death and ascent to Olympus, where he gained immortality and married the goddess Hebe.Their names mean "he who wards off war" and "the unconquerable one" respectively.

The twins were worshipped the most in Thebes and Rhodes, their powers were said to be youth and sports. Little is known about them besides a mention of their birth in the Bibliotheca: "Heracles achieved immortality, and when Hera’s enmity changed to friendship, he married her daughter Hebe, who had sex with him and gave birth to the twin sons Alexiares and Anicetus."
Rockingham County, North Carolina

**Rockingham County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 91,096 people lived there. Its county seat is Wentworth.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Rockingham County
- **state**: North Carolina
- **ex image**: Rockingham County Courthouse, North Carolina.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Rockingham County Courthouse in Wentworth
- **founded**: 1785
- **named for**: Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham
- **seat wl**: Wentworth
- **largest city wl**: Eden
- **city type**: community
- **area total sq mi**: 572.76
- **area land sq mi**: 565.64
- **area water sq mi**: 7.12
- **area percentage**: 1.24
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 91096
- **population density sq mi**: 161.05
- **web**: www.rockinghamcountync.gov
- **district**: 6th
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **motto**: "You're in a good place"
- **nickname**: North Carolina's North Star
Scotland County, North Carolina

**Scotland County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 34,174 people lived there. Its county seat is Laurinburg.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Scotland County
- **state**: North Carolina
- **ex image**: Hervey Evans House.jpg
- **ex image cap**: The historic E. Hervey Evans House, also known as Thomas Walton Manor, located at Laurinburg
- **founded date**: February 20, 1899
- **named for**: Scotland
- **seat wl**: Laurinburg
- **largest city wl**: Laurinburg
- **city type**: community
- **area total sq mi**: 320.62
- **area land sq mi**: 319.14
- **area water sq mi**: 1.48
- **area percentage**: 0.46
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 34174
- **population density sq mi**: 107.08
- **web**: www.scotlandcounty.org
- **district**: 9th
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **motto**: "Future Focused"
Stanly County, North Carolina

**Stanly County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 62,504 people lived there. Its county seat is Albemarle.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Stanly County
- **state**: North Carolina
- **founded**: 1841
- **named for**: John Stanly (politician), John Stanly
- **seat wl**: Albemarle
- **largest city wl**: Albemarle
- **city type**: city
- **area total sq mi**: 404.81
- **area land sq mi**: 395.08
- **area water sq mi**: 9.73
- **area percentage**: 2.40
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 62504
- **population density sq mi**: 158.21
- **web**: www.stanlycountync.gov
- **district**: 8th
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **ex image**: Stanly County Courthouse, North Carolina full view.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Stanly County Courthouse in Albemarle
- **motto**: "Water, Air, Land, Success"
Stokes County, North Carolina

**Stokes County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 44,520 people lived there. Its county seat is Danbury.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **ex image**: Old Stokes County Courthouse, Historic District of Danbury.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Stokes County Courthouse in Danbury
- **county**: Stokes County
- **state**: North Carolina
- **founded**: 1789
- **named for**: John Stokes (North Carolina judge), John Stokes
- **seat wl**: Danbury
- **largest city wl**: King
- **city type**: community
- **area total sq mi**: 453.15
- **area land sq mi**: 449.36
- **area water sq mi**: 6.79
- **area percentage**: 1.50
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 44520
- **population density sq mi**: 99.74
- **web**: www.co.stokes.nc.us
- **district**: 5th
- **time zone**: Eastern
Swain County, North Carolina

**Swain County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 14,117 people lived there. Its county seat is Bryson City.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Swain County
- **state**: North Carolina
- **founded**: 1871
- **named for**: David L. Swain
- **seat wl**: Bryson City
- **largest city wl**: Cherokee
- **city type**: community
- **area total sq mi**: 540.25
- **area land sq mi**: 527.73
- **area water sq mi**: 12.52
- **area percentage**: 2.32
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 14117
- **population density sq mi**: 26.75
- **web**: www.swaincountync.gov
- **ex image**: The modern Swain County, N.C., courthouse and administrative building.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Swain County Courthouse in Bryson City
- **district**: 11th
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **motto**: "A natural gem set in the Great Smoky Mountains."
"Live here. Play here. Thrive here."
Watauga County, North Carolina

**Watauga County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2020, 54,086 people lived there. Its county seat is Boone.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Watauga County
- **state**: North Carolina
- **ex image**: US Post Office Boone.jpg
- **ex image cap**: The US Post Office in Boone
- **founded**: 1849
- **named for**: Watauga River
- **seat wl**: Boone
- **largest city wl**: Boone
- **city type**: community
- **area total sq mi**: 313.32
- **area land sq mi**: 312.44
- **area water sq mi**: 0.88
- **area percentage**: 0.28
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 54086
- **population density sq mi**: 173.11
- **web**: www.wataugacounty.org
- **district**: 5th
- **time zone**: Eastern
Keith Sonnier

**Keith Sonnier** (July 31, 1941 – July 18, 2020) was an American postminimalist sculptor, performance artist, video and light artist. Sonnier was one of the first artists to use light in sculpture in the 1960s. Sonnier was a part of the Process Art movement. He was born in Mamou, Louisiana.

Sonnier died in Southampton, New York, on 18 July 2020 from colon cancer at the age of 78.
Bruce G. Blair

**Bruce G. Blair** (November 16, 1947 – July 19, 2020) was an American nuclear security expert and a research scholar. He worked at the Program on Science and Global Security at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. His works focused on technical and policy steps on the path toward the elimination of nuclear weapons. He was co-founder of Global Zero.

## Death

Blair was born in Creston, Iowa. He died on July 19, 2020 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from a stroke, aged 72.
Hümmel

**Hümmel** is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Doug Rogers (judoka)

**Alfred Harold Douglas "Doug" Rogers** (January 26, 1941 – July 20, 2020) was a Canadian Olympic competitor in judo. He was the first Canadian to win an Olympic medal in the sport.  He was an honoured member in the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame. He won a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics and gold medals at two Pan American Games, in 1965 and 1967. He was born in Truro, Nova Scotia.

Rogers died on July 20, 2020 in Vancouver, aged 79.
John Blake (American football)

**John Patrick Blake** (March 6, 1961 – July 23, 2020) was an American football coach and player. He was the head football coach at the University of Oklahoma from 1996 to 1998.  Blake was also the defensive line coach of the Buffalo Bills. He also cocahed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, from 2007 until 2010. Blake was born in Rockford, Illinois.

Blake died on July 23, 2020 at the age of 59 from a heart attack while walking in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
José Said

**José Said** (17 April 1930 – 23 July 2020) was a Peruvian-born Chilean businessman. He was the founder and CEO of Parque Arauco S.A.. It is one of the largest real estate developers and operators of shopping malls in both Chile and Argentina. Said was born in Arequipa, Peru.

Said died on 23 July 2020 in Santiago de Chile, aged 90.
Mahendra Yadav

**Mahendra Yadav** (died July 5, 2020) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Indian National Congress. He was an MLA from Delhi's Palam constituency from 1988 to 2003.  He was convicted in a 1984 anti-Sikh riots case and was sentenced to 10 years in prison.

Yadav died on 5 July 2020 from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic. He had tested positive for the infection on June 26, 2020.
Hohenlockstedt

**Hohenlockstedt** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Lockstedt

**Lockstedt** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Nozay, Loire-Atlantique

**Nozay** is a commune of 4,150 people (2017). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.
Swedish sj-sound

The **Swedish sj-sound** is represented by [ɧ] in the IPA. It is most commonly spelled with Sj. Sk is the next most iconic spelling, but only occurs before e, i, y, ä, or ö. The spelling xj only occurs in the place name Växjö [vɛːkɧœː]. X is a combination of K and S, so Xj is basically "Ksj."
Ross Dallow

**Ross Philip Dallow**  (4 December 1937 – 20 July 2020) was a senior member of the New Zealand Police. He was a very important person in improved race relations in Auckland. He was also an Auckland local politician serving as a member of the Auckland Council from 2010 to 2016.

Dallow died on 20 July 2020, aged 82.
François Amoudruz

**François Amoudruz** (7 September 1926 – 21 July 2020) was a member of the French Resistance during World War II. He was born in Albertville, France.

## Life

Amoudruz entered the law school in Clermont-Ferrand. However, on 25 November 1943, the Gestapo raided the school and Amoudruz was taken as a hostage after having just turned 17. In December 1943, he was held captive at the Royallieu-Compiègne internment camp. He left the camp on 17 January 1944, being deported to the Buchenwald concentration camp. He was eventually locked up at the Flossenbürg concentration camp on 23 February 1944.

Amoudruz escaped during a death march in April 1945, but was captured and sent back to camp. However, he would be freed by Allied Forces on Victory in Europe Day. He returned to France on 24 May 1945.

He was Deputy President of the Fédération nationale des déportés et internés réesistants et patriotes until 2013 and was vice-president of the Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Déportation.

He was also a member of the European Centre on Resistance and Deportation and the Concours national de la résistance et de la déportation.

Amoudruz died on 21 July 2020 in Schiltigheim at the age of 93.
Mike Adams (columnist)

**Mike S. Adams** (October 30, 1964 – July 23, 2020) was an American conservative political columnist and writer. He was a professor at University of North Carolina Wilmington. He was born in Columbus, Mississippi.

Adams' first book, _Welcome to the Ivory Tower of Babel_, was published in 2004. Later that year, Adams joined the faculty of Summit Ministries and taught why abortion was bad and defending First Amendment rights on college campuses.

His third book _Letters to a Young Progressive: How to Avoid Wasting Your Life Protesting Things You Don’t Understand_ was published by Regnery in 2013.

On July 23, 2020, Adams was found dead at his Wilmington, North Carolina at the age of 55.
Lavon, Texas

**Lavon** ( ) is a city in Collin County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,469 at the 2020 census.
Jean Brankart

**Jean Brankart** (12 July 1930 – 23 July 2020) was a Belgian professional road bicycle racer. He was active from 1953 to 1960. In 1955, Brankart finished the 1955 Tour de France in second place, winning two stages. Brankart was born in Momalle, Belgium.

Brankart died on 23 July 2020, aged 90.
Éric de Cromières

**Éric de Cromières** (20 November 1953 – 23 July 2020) was a French sporting executive and manager for Michelin. He then worked as a sales manager and general manager until he retired from the company on 31 March 2015 after having served on the executive committee starting in 2005.

In 2006, de Cromières became a member of the board of directors of ASM Clermont Auvergne. In 2012, René Fontès chose him to be his replacement as Director of the rugby union club, and de Cromières began his term in 2013.

de Cromières died on 23 July 2020 of cancer at the age of 66.

Éric de Cromières is a former student of HEC Paris.
Sérgio Ricardo

**João Lutfi** (18 June 1932 – 23 July 2020), most commonly known as **Sérgio Ricardo**, was a Brazilian movie director and composer. He directed five movies between 1964 and 1974. He was born in Marília, São Paulo. He composed the score for _Black God, White Devil_ (1964). In 1974, Ricardo directed _The Night of the Scarecrow_.

Ricardo died on 23 July 2020, aged 88, of heart failure in Rio de Janeiro.
Goldcrest

The **goldcrest** (_Regulus regulus_) is a tiny passerine bird in the kinglet family. Its colourful golden crest feathers gives rise to its popular name. The scientific name, _R. regulus_, means king or knight.

There are several subspecies. The bird has a very large distribution range: much of the Palearctic and the islands of Macaronesia and Iceland. Birds from the north and east of its breeding range migrate to winter further south.

The goldcrest breeds in coniferous woodland and in gardens, It builds its compact, three-layered nest on a tree branch. Ten to twelve eggs are incubated by the female alone. The chicks are fed by both parents, and second broods are common.

This little bird is always on the move as it searches for insects to eat. In winter it is often found with flocks of tits. It may be killed by birds of prey or carry parasites, but its large range and population means it is doing quite well. It is not a  conservation concern.
Susan Silo

**Susan Silo** (born July 27, 1942) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her work in voice over roles. She was born in New York City.

Her famous roles are Wuya the Witch in _Xiaolin Showdown_, Dr Karbunkle in _Biker Mice from Mars_, White Queen on _Pryde of the X-Men_, multiple voices on _What A Cartoon_, Sue on _Pac-Man_ and Tess on _Zazoo U_.

She also played the roles of Mama Mousekewitz in _Fievel's American Tails_ and Petaluma in _The Smurfs_.
The Night of the Scarecrow

***The Night of the Scarecrow*** () is a 1974 Brazilian drama movie directed by Sérgio Ricardo and starring Geraldo Azevedo, Fátima Batista, Ana Lúcia Castro, Emmanuel Cavalcanti, Geórgia Maria.
Incubation

**Incubation** or **brooding**, is when oviparous (egg-laying) animals sit on their  eggs to hatch them. It also refers to the development of the embryo in the egg under good environmental conditions.

Since birds are warm-blooded, they sit on the eggs to keep them warm. Reptiles and invertebrates are cold-blooded, and so need to keep their eggs in warm places. Sometimes even birds need the help of the Sun.

Many factors may be vital to the incubation. In some reptiles for example, no fixed temperature is necessary. However, the actual temperature determines the sex ratio of the offspring. In birds, by contrast, the sex of offspring is genetically determined, but a constant and particular temperature may be necessary for successful incubation.

In poultry, the act of sitting on eggs to incubate them is called 'brooding'. The action or tendency to sit on a clutch of eggs is also called _broodiness_.
Saffron (color)

**Saffron** is a yellowish orange color.

## Related pages

- List of colors
Justin II

**Justin II** (; ; died 5 October 578) was Eastern Roman emperor from 565 until 578. He was the nephew of Justinian I and the husband of Sophia, the niece of the Empress Theodora, and was therefore a member of the Justinian dynasty.

Justin II inherited a greatly enlarged but overextended empire, with far less resources at his disposal compared to Justinian I. Despite this, he strived to match his formidable uncle's reputation by abandoning the payment of tributes to the Empire's neighbors. This miscalculated move resulted in rekindling of war with the Sassanid Empire, and in a Lombard invasion which cost the Romans much of their territory in Italy.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Justin II
- **image**: Solidus of Justin II (obverse).jpg
- **caption**: _Solidus (coin), Solidus_ of Justin II marked:

- **succession**: Roman Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, East
- **reign**: 14 November 565 –
5 October 578
- **predecessor**: Justinian I
- **successor**: Tiberius II Constantine, Tiberius II
- **spouse**: Sophia, wife of Justin II, Sophia
- **issue**: Justus (son of Justin II), Justus
 Arabia (daughter of Justin II), Arabia
 Tiberius II Constantine, Tiberius II (adoptive)
- **dynasty**: Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty, Justinian
- **father**: Dulcidio (or Dulcissimus)
- **mother**: Vigilantia
- **religion**: Chalcedonian Christianity
- **birth place**: Constantinople
(now Istanbul, Turkey)
- **death date**: 5 October 578
- **death place**: Constantinople
- **regnal name**: Imperator Caesar (title), Caesar Flavia gens, Flavius Iustinus Augustus (title), Augustus
Shivraj Singh Chouhan

**Shivraj Singh Chouhan** (born 5 March 1959) is an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is the 17th and current Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh state in India.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Shivraj Singh Chouhan
- **image**: Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan.jpg
- **imagesize**: 180px
- **birth place**: Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, India
- **alma mater**: Barkatullah University
 (M.A)
- **office2**: Bharatiya Janata Party, National Vice President of Bharatiya Janata Party
- **term start2**: 11 January 2019
- **office**: 17th List of Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh, Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh
- **termstart**: 23 March 2020
- **predecessor**: Kamal Nath
- **governor**: Lalji Tandon
- **term start1**: 29 November 2005
- **term end1**: 17 December 2018
- **predecessor1**: Babulal Gaur
- **successor1**: Kamal Nath
- **governor1**: Balram Jakhar, Rameshwar Thakur, Ram Naresh Yadav, Om Prakash Kohli, Anandiben Patel
- **office3**: President of Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha
- **term start3**: 2000
- **term end3**: 2002
- **preceded3**: Ramashish Rai
- **succeeded3**: G. Kishan Reddy
- **office4**: Member of Legislative Assembly, Member of Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
- **constituency4**: Budhni (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Budhni
- **term start4**: 2006
- **preceded4**: Rajendra Singh
- **term start5**: 1990
- **term end5**: 1991
- **constituency5**: Budhni (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Budhni
- **preceded5**: Chauhan Singh
- **succeeded5**: Mohan Lal Shishir
- **office6**: Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
- **constituency6**: Vidisha (Lok Sabha constituency), Vidisha
- **term start6**: 1991
- **term end6**: 2005
- **predecessor6**: Atal Bihari Vajpayee
- **successor6**: Rampal Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician), Rampal Singh
- **party**: Bharatiya Janata Party
- **spouse**: Sadhna Singh Chouhan
- **children**: 2
- **father**: Prem Singh Chouhan
- **signature**: Shivrajsingh chauhan111.jpg
- **native name**: शिवराज सिंह चौहान
India Today

***India Today*** is a weekly Indian English-language news magazine published by Living Media India Limited.

## Other websites

- Official Website
Tyler's big-eyed tree frog

**Tyler's big-eyed tree frog**  (_Nyctimystes tyleri_) is a tree frog from eastern Papua New Guinea.

Scientists have not seen many of this frog, but they say it is large, 77.6 mm long from nose to rear end.  It has yellow eyes.
Lloyd's of London (movie)

***Lloyd's of London*** is a 1936 American drama movie directed by Henry King and starring Tyrone Power, Freddie Bartholomew, C. Aubrey Smith, Madeleine Carroll, Guy Standing. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1937.
Ahmad NikTalab

**Ahmad NikTalab** (also known as **Yavar Hamedani** in Iran) (22 April 1934 – 3 March 2020) was an Iranian poet, author, and linguistic.He was born in Hamedan.

## Life

After education and living in Hamedan for the first part of his life, he went to Tehran to educate in Tehran University. He was also a prominent member of the Iranian Literary Association. Many of Hamedani's local songs have been translated into many Eastern languages while being broadcast on Iranian radio programs. His famous book is _Saye Sare Alvand_ (or Sāyahʹsār-i Alvand) which published in 2004. Ahmad Niktalab began his work with the Radio Organization, along with figures such as Rahi Moayeri in 1930, many of whose songs have been sung on music ever since.
Gamera (character)

**Gamera** () is a giant turtle kaiju from the Japanese movie series of the same name, starting off with 1965 film _Gamera, the Giant Monster_. He was originally designed to compete against Toho's Godzilla, but the series eventually became its own thing, now spanning 12 movies and other media such as anime and novels.

## Movie appearances

- _Gamera, the Giant Monster_ (1965)
- _Gamera vs. Barugon_ (1966)
- _Gamera vs. Gyaos_ (1967)
- _Gamera vs. Zigra_ (1968)
- _Gamera vs. Guiron_ (1969)
- _Gamera vs. Jiger_ (1970)
- _Gamera vs. Zigra_ (1971)
- _Gamera: Super Monster_ (1980)
- _Gamera, Guardian of The Universe_ (1995)
- _Gamera 2: Attack of Legion_ (1996)
- _Gamera 3:Revenge of Iris_ (1999)
- _Gamera The Brave_ (2006)

## Infobox (character)

- **name**: Gamera
- **series**: Gamera movie series
- **image**: File:Turtle meat.png
- **first**: _Gamera, the Giant Monster_ (1965)
- **last**: _Gamera the Brave_ (2006)
- **creator**: Yonejiro Saito
- **alias**: Friend of All Children
the Friend to All Children
the Guardian of the Universe
- **species**: Giant prehistoric turtle monster
Herdecke

**Herdecke** is a town of the district Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Herdecke
- **art**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Herdecke, stadhuis foto4 2012-03-26 11.11.jpg
- **wappen**: DEU Herdecke COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Herdecke.svg
- **lageplan**: Herdecke in EN.svg
- **bundesland**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **regierungsbezirk**: Arnsberg Government Region, Arnsberg
- **kreis**: Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis
- **höhe**: 150
- **fläche**: 22.39
- **plz**: 58313
- **vorwahl**: 02330
- **kfz**: EN, WIT
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 9 54 020
- **gliederung**: 2
- **bürgermeister**: Iris Stalzer
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Bürgermeisterin
- **partei**: SPD
Sprockhövel

**Sprockhövel** is a town of the district Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Sprockhövel
- **art**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Sprockhoevel01.jpg
- **image caption**: Protestant church in Niedersprockhövel
- **wappen**: DEU Sprockhoevel COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Sprockhoevel.svg
- **lageplan**: Sprockhövel in EN.svg
- **bundesland**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **regierungsbezirk**: Arnsberg Government Region, Arnsberg
- **kreis**: Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis
- **höhe**: 219
- **fläche**: 47.94
- **plz**: 45549
- **vorwahl**: 02339, 02324, 0202
- **kfz**: EN, WIT
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 9 54 028
- **gliederung**: 6 districts
- **bürgermeister**: Ulrich Winkelmann
- **partei**: independent
Holzgerlingen

**Holzgerlingen** is a town in Böblingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 13,103 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **image caption**: Town hall
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 1 15 024
- **type**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Rathaus-holzgerlingen.jpg
- **image coa**: Holzgerlingen.svg
- **image plan**: Holzgerlingen in BB.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Stuttgart
- **district**: Böblingen
- **elevation**: 476
- **area**: 13.39
- **postal code**: 71088
- **area code**: 07031
- **licence**: BB
- **divisions**: 4
- **website**: [https://www.holzgerlingen.de/ www.holzgerlingen.de]
- **mayor**: Ioannis Delakos
- **leader term**: 2017–25
Glückstadt

**Glückstadt** is a town of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 11,069 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Official website
Breitenberg, Schleswig-Holstein

**Breitenberg** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Breitenburg

**Breitenburg** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Kollmoor

**Kollmoor** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Kronsmoor

**Kronsmoor** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Moordorf haus 1910.JPG
- **image coa**: DEU Kronsmoor COA.svg
- **image plan**: Kronsmoor in IZ.png
- **state**: Schleswig-Holstein
- **district**: Steinburg
- **amt**: Breitenburg
- **elevation**: 5
- **area**: 6.05
- **population**: 192
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 25597
- **area code**: 04828
- **licence**: IZ
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 01 0 61 058
- **mayor**: Adolf Kock-Evers
Lägerdorf

**Lägerdorf** is a municipality of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Moordiek

**Moordiek** is a municipality of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Münsterdorf

**Münsterdorf** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Münsterdorf.jpg
- **image coa**: DEU Münsterdorf COA.svg
- **image plan**: Muensterdorf in IZ.png
- **state**: Schleswig-Holstein
- **district**: Steinburg
- **amt**: Breitenburg
- **elevation**: 10
- **area**: 5.11
- **population**: 1920
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 25587
- **area code**: 04821
- **licence**: IZ
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 01 0 61 072
- **website**: [https://www.muensterdorf.de/ www.muensterdorf.de]
- **mayor**: Jörg Unganz
- **party**: DMW
Westermoor

**Westermoor** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Wittenbergen

**Wittenbergen** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Bahrenfleth

**Bahrenfleth** is a municipality of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Kellinghusen

**Kellinghusen** is a town of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 8,142 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Official website
Poyenberg

**Poyenberg** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Kuden

**Kuden** is a municipality of the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Achtrup

**Achtrup** (; North Frisian: _Åktoorp_) is a municipality in the Nordfriesland district, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Ahneby

**Ahneby** () is a municipality in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is found in the district Schleswig-Flensburg. As of 31 December 2018, 193 people lived there.
Ahrensbök

**Ahrensbök** is a municipality of the district Ostholstein, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Kasseedorf

**Kasseedorf** is a municipality in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Quarnstedt

**Quarnstedt** is a municipality of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Rosdorf, Schleswig-Holstein

**Rosdorf** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Rade, Steinburg

**Rade** is a municipality of the district Steinburg in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Störkathen

**Störkathen** is a municipality of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Willenscharen

**Willenscharen** is a municipality of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Wrist, Germany

**Wrist** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Wulfsmoor

**Wulfsmoor** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Drage, Steinburg

**Drage** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Dägeling

**Dägeling** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Heiligenstedten

**Heiligenstedten** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Andechs

**Andechs** is a municipality in the district of Starnberg in Upper Bavaria in Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 3,751 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Official website of the municipality of Andechs

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Andechs Sommeransicht.jpg
- **image coa**: DEU Andechs COA.svg
- **image plan**: Andechs in STA.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Starnberg
- **elevation**: 690
- **area**: 40.44
- **population**: 3237
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 82346
- **area code**: 08152
- **licence**: STA
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 88 117
- **divisions**: 4 _Ortsteile_
- **mayor**: Anna Elisabeth Neppel
- **party**: Ind
Hodorf

**Hodorf** is a municipality of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Bourscheid

**Bourscheid** (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Diekirch.

As of 2021, 1,701 people live here.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bourscheid
- **native name**: Buerschent
- **native name lang**: lb
- **settlement type**: List of communes of Luxembourg, Commune
- **image skyline**: Buerschent.jpg
- **image shield**: Coat of arms bourscheid luxbrg.png
- **shield size**: 100x80px
- **image map**: Map Bourscheid.PNG
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Map of Luxembourg with Bourscheid highlighted in orange, and the canton in dark red
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Cantons of Luxembourg, Canton
- **subdivision name1**: Diekirch (canton), Diekirch
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area rank**: of 102
- **elevation max rank**: of 102
- **elevation min rank**: of 102
- **population rank**: of 102
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: of 102
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **blank name sec1**: Local administrative unit, LAU 2
- **blank info sec1**: LU0000602
- **website**: [http://www.bourscheid.lu bourscheid.lu]
Erpeldange-sur-Sûre

**Erpeldange-sur-Sûre** (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Diekirch.

As of 2019, 2,406 people live there.
Tutzing

**Tutzing** is a municipality of the district of Starnberg in Upper Bavaria in Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 9,933 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Tutzing COA.svg
- **image plan**: Tutzing in STA.svg
- **image photo**: Tutzing01.jpg
- **image caption**: Tutzing
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Starnberg
- **elevation**: 611
- **area**: 35.63
- **population**: 9427
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 82327
- **area code**: 08158
- **licence**: STA
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 88 141
- **mayor**: Marlene Greinwald
- **party**: ÖDP
Ádria Santos

**Ádria Santos** (born 11 August 1974) is a former Brazilian Paralympic sprinter. She competed in category T11 events at six consecutive Paralympics from 1988 to 2008 and won at least one medal on each occasion. She was a final torch bearer at the 2016 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony.

She won Gold medals at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in the 100 meters, the 2000 Summer Paralympics in the 100 meters, and 200 meters, and 2004 Summer Paralympics in the 100 meters.

## Life

She lost her sight entirely in 1994.
She started her career as a sprinter in 1987, at the age of 13, at Instituto São Rafael, a special school for the visually impaired in Belo Horizonte .
Throughout her career, Adria accumulated 13 medals in the Paralympic Games, four of which were gold and eight silver and one bronze. In addition to this achievement, she won about 73 medals in international competitions, and 542 medals in national competitions, including the third championship by the International Amateur Athletics Federation.
Berg, Upper Bavaria

**Berg** is a municipality of the district of Starnberg in Upper Bavaria in Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 8,296 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Berg
- **image photo**: Votivkapelle Berg.jpg
- **image coa**: DEU Berg (Starnberger See) COA.svg
- **image plan**: Berg in STA.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Starnberg
- **elevation**: 639
- **area**: 36.63
- **postal code**: 82335
- **area code**: 08151
- **licence**: STA
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 88 113
- **divisions**: 14 Ortsteile
- **mayor**: Rupert Steigenberger
Feldafing

**Feldafing** is a municipality of the district Starnberg in Upper Bavaria in Germany. As of 31 December 2018, 4,262 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Feldafing COA.svg
- **image plan**: Feldafing in STA.svg
- **image photo**: VillaWaldberta-1.jpg
- **image caption**: Villa Waldberta
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Starnberg
- **elevation**: 646
- **area**: 9.15
- **population**: 4303
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 82340
- **area code**: 08157 / 08158
- **licence**: STA
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 88 118
- **mayor**: Bernhard Sontheim
Hohenaspe

**Hohenaspe** is a municipality of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Huje

**Huje** is a municipality of the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Kaaks

**Kaaks** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Kleve, Steinburg

**Kleve** is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
North Royalton, Ohio

**North Royalton** is a city in Ohio in the United States.
Maria Ligorio

**Maria Ligorio** (born 25 June 1970 San Michele Salentino) is an Italian Paralympic athlete. She won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Paralympic Games, in the 200 meters, and bronze medals at the 1996 Summer Paralympic Games, in the 400 meters and 200 meters.

## Life

Maria Ligorio was born in 1970, and at the age of one year she lost her sight. She turned out to be a good sprinter, she started competing in 1989, following a transfer to Rome for work. Over a decade, she participated in three editions of the Summer Paralympic Games, in three world Championships and four European Championships, in the specialties of the 100, 200, 400 meters, and in the 4 × 100 meters relay.

After taking part in the 2000 Summer Paralympics, for personal reasons, she left international competition and devoted herself to sport climbing. However, she participated in the 2012 Italian Championships, on the occasion of admission to the London Games, and obtained the best result for the T11 category (absolute blindness) in the 100 and 200 meters run.
Sabrina Bulleri

**Sabrina Bulleri** (7 January 1959 - 18 April 2000, Ghezzano) was an Italian Paralympic athlete.
She won bronze medals at the 1984 Summer Paralympics, in the 4x400 meters, and 100 meters. She won gold medals at the 1988 Summer Paralympic Games in the 4x100 meters, 200 meters, and 100 meters. She won a bronze medal at the 4x200 meters.

## Life

Sabrina Bulleri started practicing sports in the ASHA company of Pisa, where she trained with Soriano Ceccanti, Mariella Bertini and Santo Mangano, all of whom became Paralympic  champions.

She competed in category 3 (wheelchair athletes), emerging in speed races, where, at the Seoul Paralympics, she won three gold medals, in the 100, 200 meters, and in the 4 × 100 meters relay. She also won three bronze medals. After 1990, she left the competitive sport.

After a long illness, she died in April 2000 in Ghezzano.

## Legacy

In the  Migliarino  park, in San Rossore, Massaciuccoli , where she worked, an accessible path was dedicated to her, the Bulleri path
Death-grip syndrome

**Death-grip syndrome** means being unable to ejaculate when having sex because of aggressive masturbation.
Milena Balsamo

**Milena Balsamo** (born 26 January 1961, Bologna) is an Italian Paralympic athlete. She won a bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Paralympics, in the 4x400 meters, and silver medal at the 100 meters. She won a gold medal at the 1988 Summer Paralympic Games in the 4x100 meters, and bronze medal at the 4x200 meters.

For her sporting merits, she was awarded the Collare d'oro for sporting merit in 2015 by the Italian National Olympic Committee.

## Life

She was born in Bologna, but adopted by Veronese. She was trained in the San Michele Society. She competed in a wheelchair as a sprinter in category 4 and participated in the 1984 Stoke Mandeville Paralympics, and 1988 Seoul Paralympics, obtaining a total of five medals, including four in the relay. In 1992, she left the international competition.
Agnese Grigio

**Agnese Grigio** (born 12 January 1963 in Albignasego) was an Italian Paralympic athlete. She won a silver medal at the 1984 Summer Paralympics, in the Pentathlon, and bronze medal in the 800 meters. In 2014, she was awarded the Silver lion by the Veneto regional, Italian National Olympic Committee.

## Life

Visually impaired from birth, she attended schools graduating as a massage therapist at the L. Configliachi Institute of Padua. She also started training in sport. She worked, and she continued as a pentathlete and middle-distance runner, winning two medals in the 1984 Paralympic Games

For personal reasons, she soon stopped her athletic career, continuing to play torball (a discipline not present in the Paralympics), at national and international levels.

She is the sister of Emanuela Grigio.
Emanuela Grigio

**Emanuela Grigio** (born 7 October 1964 Albignasego) is a former partially sighted Italian Paralympic athlete. She won a silver medal at the 1984 Summer Paralympics, in the 800 meters, and bronze medal in the 400 meters.

## Life

Visually impaired from birth, due to a form of congenital nystagmus , he completed his studies at the _L. Configliachi_ Institute of Padua. She started sports. After graduating as a switchboard operator and entering the world of work, she took part in the VII Summer Paralympic Games in New York and won a bronze and a silver medal in the 400 and 800 meters.

She later participated in the IBSA European Championships in Rome in 1985 and in 1988 she was again called up for the Seoul Games, where, always in the same specialties, she gained a fourth place (400 m) and a sixth place (800 m).

He ended his international athletic career before 1992, devoting himself exclusively to torball (a sport not present in the Paralympics), which she practiced nationally and internationally.

She is Agnese Grigio's sister.
Angry white male

**Angry white male** is a word for white men holding conservative or right-wing views. The term is often used when talking about the politics of the United States.

## Origin

The word mostly refers to a group which emerged in the early 1990s. They reacted to what they thought were injustices created by "affirmative action."

## Development

An angry white male is opposed to anti-discrimination policies (such as affirmative action) that benefit racial minorities and women. Supporters of Donald Trump are sometimes said to be angry white men.

## In Australia

The term "angry white male" is also used in Australia to talk about men who do not like feminism.

## In popular culture

The term is used for those believed to be opposed to the Civil Rights Movement and second-wave feminism.

## Related pages

- Karen
- Fascism
- Racism
- White supremacy
- White nationalism
- Antisemitism

## Other websites

- There's nothing more frightening in America today than an angry White man
Class traitor

A **class traitor** is someone who is thought to be working against the interests of the particular social class. The term is mostly used by socialists to describe members of the proletariat class who work for the bourgeoisie. Some examples of those who are seen as class traitors are: soldiers, police officers, strikebreaker<nowiki/>s, and those who help keep things the way things are right now, instead of working for change. Some people think that anyone, including the bourgeois, can become class traitors.

The motives behind becoming a traitor to one's class can include: survival (taking up whatever wage is available), the belief that the person is of a higher class and so has political views that work against the working class, the pressure to follow rules and laws, or disagreeing with the view that society is divided up into classes that are fighting each other.

Karl Kautsky, a Marxist philosopher, first used the term.

## Bourgeois Class Traitors

"Class traitor" can also be used to describe members of the upper class who believe in socialism.

Such people sacrifice their ability to be part of the  upper-class for the sake of who they see as the oppressed, even if it hurts their status in the process.
Copaganda

**Copaganda** is when the media show police officers in a good way, and do not show the bad actions that they do. The word is a portmanteau of cop and propaganda, and is used by Black Lives Matter activists. Showing police in a good way is not thought to be true for many working class, indigenous, brown, and black people.

Since the George Floyd protests, the term has been used more to criticize the media.

## History

Although the term is quite new, copaganda has been around for a long time.

## Examples

Many TV shows are seen as examples of copaganda.
Rajnath Singh

**Rajnath Singh** (born 10 July 1951) is an Indian politician. He became the Defence Minister in 2019. He was the Home Minister of India from 2014 until 2019. He was the President of Bharatiya Janata Party twice from 2005 to 2009 and 2013 to 2014. He was also Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from 2000 to 2002. He was a cabinet minister in Atal Bihari Vajpayee's Government.