juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Diastole

**Diastole** () is the time during a heart beat when the heart fills with blood after a contraction. The contraction of the heart is called systole and is the opposite of diastole. The term _diastole_ comes from the Greek word _διαστολη_. This means expanding or opening.

## Inside the heart

There are two types of diastole.
- **Ventricular diastole** is the time when the two lower chambers of the heart called the _ventricles_ are relaxing to let the blood to flow in.
- **Atrial diastole** is the time when the two upper chambers of the heart called the _atria_ are relaxing to allow the blood to flow in.

During ventricular diastole, the pressure in the (left and right) ventricles drops. When the pressure in the left ventricle becomes lower than the pressure in the left atrium, the mitral valve opens. The blood then flows from the atrium into the ventricle. The speed at which the blood flows into the ventricles can be used to diagnose diastolic dysfunction.

## Diastolic pressure

Because the heart relaxes during diastole, "diastolic pressure" is the lowest pressure within the arterial blood stream during each heart beat. The highest arterial pressure happens when the heart muscle contracts, and is called systolic pressure.

When blood pressure is measured for medical purposes, diastolic pressure is the second number in the "ratio" of systolic to diastolic pressure; for example: 120/80.

## Related pages

- Systole (medicine)
- Blood pressure
- Wiggers diagram

## Other websites

- Auscultation of Diastolic Murmurs
- Audio Examples of Heart and Lung Sounds
Systole

**Systole** is the last stage of a heart beat. It happens right after diastole, when the heart refills with blood. During systole, the heart's two ventricles contract (squeeze).  (The ventricles are the largest parts of the heart, which pump blood to the body and lungs.)

During systole, the heart muscle gets an automatic electrical signal that tells the heart to contract (squeeze). This makes the blood flow out of the heart.

## Phases

Above the ventricles are smaller chambers (sections) of the heart called atria. They contract (squeeze) during the last part of diastole, and send blood down to the larger, lower ventricles. The atria have valves that close after this so blood cannot flow backward into the atria.

When the ventricles are filled and the valves to the atria are closed, the ventricles contract. So, the atria and ventricles contract in sequence. The left and right atria feed blood into the ventricles. Then, the left and right ventricles contract.

The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body.  This is why we have a pulse.

## Systolic pressure

Because the heart muscle contracts during systole, "systolic pressure" is the highest pressure in the arterial blood stream during each heart beat. (Blood causes the most pressure against the walls of the arteries when it is being pushed out during systole). The lowest arterial pressure happens when the heart muscle relaxes, and is called "diastolic pressure".

When blood pressure is measured for medical purposes, systolic pressure is the first number in the "ratio" of systolic to diastolic pressure.  For example, if a person's blood pressure is 120/80, 120 is the systolic pressure, and 80 is the diastolic pressure.

## Related pages

- Diastole
- Blood pressure
- Heart
- Circulatory system
Cassini

**Cassini** could mean:

- Cassini-Huygens spacecraft
- Giovanni Domenico Cassini, astronomer
- Cassini Division of the rings of Saturn
Halite

**Halite** is the mineral a lot of people call "rock salt". It is a different form of sodium chloride (NaCl). It looks like it is made out of cubes.

## Infobox (mineral)

- **name**: Halite
- **category**: Halide mineral
- **image**: Selpologne.jpg
- **caption**: Halite from the Wieliczka salt mine, Małopolskie, Poland (size: 16x15x13cm)
- **formula**: NaCl
- **strunz**: 03.AA.20
- **symmetry**: Isometric hexoctahedral 4/m  2/m
- **unit cell**: a = 5.6404(1) Å; Z = 4
- **molweight**: 58.433 g/mol
- **color**: Colorless or white; also blue, purple, red, pink, yellow, orange, or gray
- **habit**: Predominantly cubes and in massive sedimentary beds, but also granular, fibrous and compact
- **system**: Cubic (crystal system), Cubic
- **cleavage**: Perfect {001}, three directions cubic
- **fracture**: Conchoidal
- **tenacity**: Brittle
- **mohs**: 2 - 2.5
- **luster**: Vitreous
- **refractive**: n = 1.544
- **opticalprop**: Isotropic
- **streak**: White
- **gravity**: 2.17
- **solubility**: Water soluble
- **diaphaneity**: Transparent
- **other**: Salty flavor, Fluorescent
Psychoactive drug

A **psychoactive drug**, **psychopharmaceutical**, or **psychotropic** is a chemical substance that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Its action affects the central nervous system. It can affect the brain and change perception, mood, consciousness, cognition and behaviour. Hypnotics are often prescribed to help people sleep. Sometimes they are also used in rituals, or as illegal drugs. These drugs enable their users to change their consciousness. This can also help students when they are preparing their examinations. Certain therapies also use such substances.

Psychoactive substances change the consciousness and mood of their user. The people using them may have pleasant feelings, such as euphoria or they may be more alert. For this reason, many psychoactive substances are abused: They are used outside the aims of the treatment. This may lead to the user developing a psychological and physical dependence (_"addiction"_). It will get more difficult to interrupt the cycle of abuse.

Drug rehabilitation aims to break this cycle of dependency; this is done with psychotherapy, support groups and even other psychoactive substances: Acamprosate or naltrexone are examples of substances made to treat alcoholism, methadone or buprenorphine maintenance therapy in the case of opioid dependency. However, the reverse is also true in some cases, that is certain experiences on drugs may be so unfriendly and uncomforting that the user may never want to try the substance again. This is especially true of the deliriants (e.g. _datura_) and dissociatives (e.g. _salvia divinorum_).

In part because of this potential for abuse and dependency, the ethics of drug use are the subject of a continuing philosophical debate. Many governments worldwide have placed restrictions on drug production and sales in an attempt to decrease drug abuse. Ethical concerns have also been raised about over-use of these drugs clinically, and about their marketing by manufacturers.
Mangalore

**Mangalore** is a city in the state of Karnataka, India. It is the capital city of Dakshina Kannada district. It is a port city. It is located on the Arabian Sea. It is the largest city in the Tulu Nadu region.

Mangalore is the largest city in the Tulu Nadu region, an area known for its unique culture and language. The city has a mix of people from different backgrounds and religions. People in Mangalore speak many languages like Kannada, Tulu, Konkani and Beary. This mix of languages shows how diverse the city is.

The city is also known for its beautiful beaches, temples and churches.  It has many schools, colleges, and industries, making it an important center for education and business in Karnataka. Mangalore has a good climate and is famous for its food, especially seafood and local dishes.

Manglore

In Tulu - Kudla

In Beary - Maikala

In Konkani - Kodiyal
West Coast of the United States

The **West Coast of the United States** is a term that generally refers to the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. Depending on the context, it can also include Alaska and/or the state of  Hawaii. Almost 50 million people live in these five states. The region includes the cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, Anchorage, Portland and San Diego.
Stryper

**Stryper** is a Christian metal band from Orange County, California. The group's lineup consists of Michael Sweet (lead vocals, guitar), Oz Fox (guitar), Tim Gaines (bass guitar), and Robert Sweet (drums). In 2004 Gaines left the band and was replaced by Tracy Ferrie (bass guitar) but rejoined in 2009.

Formed in 1983 as Roxx Regime, they would change their message and name to Stryper to go on to be the first Christian rock band to be recognized by the mainstream. In 1983 they were signed by Enigma Records and released their first album The Yellow and Black Attack. By the mid-1980s, Stryper saw their most successful period starting with the release of To Hell with the Devil which achieved Platinum sales status. Stryper would go on to release two more Gold albums before breaking up in 1992. In 2003 Stryper came out of retirement for a reunion tour and subsequently signed a multi-album contract with Big3 Records in 2005.

The name "Stryper" derives from the King James Version of the Bible. "But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities:
the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed." The reference, Isaiah 53:5, is frequently included as part of their logo. Stryper's drummer, Robert Sweet, also created a backronym for their name: "salvation through redemption, yielding peace, encouragement and righteousness".

## Discography

- _The Yellow and Black Attack_ (1984)
- _Soldiers Under Command_ (1985)
- _The Yellow and Black Attack_ (Re-Issue) (1986)
- _To Hell with the Devil_ (1986)
- _In God We Trust_ (1988)
- _Against the Law_ (1990)
- _Reborn_ (2005)
- _Murder by Pride_ (2009)
- _The Covering_ (2011)

## Other websites

- Official Homepage
- Michael Sweet's site
- Stryper at Metal Archives
- Stryper Expo 2000
- Stryper Expo 2001
- Kingdom Extreme Magazine interview with guitarist Oz Fox 2009

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Stryper
- **alias**: Roxx Regime, Roxx
- **img**: Stryper 2016.jpg
- **img capt**: Stryper performing in 2016
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **years active**: 1983–1992
2003–present
- **genre**: Christian metal
heavy metal music, Heavy metal
Glam metal
Hard rock
- **origin**: Orange County, California, United States
- **label**: Enigma Records, Enigma
Hollywood Records, Hollywood
Big 3 Records, Big3
- **associated acts**: Boston (band), Boston
SinDizzy
King James (band), King James
Blissed
- **current members**: Michael Sweet
Robert Sweet (musician), Robert Sweet
Oz Fox
Tim Gaines
- **past members**: Matt Hurich
Kenny Metcalf
Tracy Ferrie
Alan Love
- **website**: [http://www.stryper.com Stryper.com]
Christian metal

**Christian metal**, also known as **'white metal**', is a form of heavy metal music which a Christian band makes to praise Jesus. Christian metal is typically performed by professed Christians, sometimes principally for Christians who listen to heavy metal music. It is often produced and distributed through various Christian networks.

Christian metal bands exist in all the subgenres of heavy metal music, and the only common link between most Christian metal bands are the lyrics. The Christian themes are often melded with the subjects of the genre the band is rooted in, regularly providing a Christian take on the subject matter. It has been argued that the marginal yet transnational Christian metal subculture provides its core members an alternative religious expression and Christian identity, and that the music serves the purpose of offering a positive alternative or counterbalance to secular metal music which is known for its generally dark and negative message.

Christian metal emerged in the late 1970s as a means of evangelism to the wider heavy metal music scene, and was pioneered by the American Resurrection Band and Swedish Jerusalem. Los Angeles' Stryper achieved wide success in the 1980s, otherwise the genre was mostly ignored by the mainstream. California's Tourniquet and Australia's Mortification led the movement in the 1990s. The metalcore groups Underoath, Demon Hunter, As I Lay Dying, and Norma Jean (dubbed by Revolver Magazine as "The Holy Alliance") brought some mainstream attention to the movement in the first decade of the 21st century, achieving ranks in the Billboard 200.

## Bands

- Winter Solstice
- Becoming the Archetype
- We Came as Romans
- Wrench in the Works
- Underoath
- With Blood Comes Cleansing
- As I Lay Dying
- Silent Civilian
- August Burns Red
- P.O.D.
Jerusalem (rock band)

**Jerusalem** is a Swedish Christian rock band founded in 1975 by Ulf Christiansson. It was one of the first bands to combine Christian lyrics with a hard rock sound.

## History

Jerusalem's message was primarily aimed at youth, with their lyrics describing the band's relationship to God in an ordinary, but radical way. The band's purpose was expressly evangelistic. Their concerts have been described as a series of revival meetings which often included altar calls and occasionally exorcisms.¡When the band first toured in the mid-1970s in Sweden, their combination of Christian lyrics with a hard rock sound was very controversial. The band was only permitted to perform at a few churches.

## Discography

_For albums released in both Swedish and English versions, the English titles are in parentheses._

### Studio albums

- _Jerusalem (Volume 1)_ (1978/1980)
- _Volym 2 (Volume 2)_ (1980/1981)
- _Krigsman (Warrior)_ (1981/1982)
- _Vi Kan Inte Stoppas (Can't Stop Us Now)_ (1983/1984)
- _Dancing on the Head of the Serpent_ (1987/1988)
- _Prophet_ (1994)
- _Volym Tre (Those Were the Days)_ (1996/1997)
- _Volüm Fyra (R.A.D.)_ (1997/1998)
- _She_ (2010)

### Live albums

- _In His Majesty's Service - Live in USA_ (1985)
- _Live - På Ren Svenska_ (1998)

### Compilation albums

- _10 Years After_ (1988)
- _Klassiker 1 (Classics 1)_ (1993/1996)
- _Klassiker 2 (Classics 2)_ (1993/1996)
- _Classics 3_ (1995)
- _Tretti_ (2006)
- _Greatest Hits_ (2006)

## Other websites

- Jerusalem - Official Site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jerusalem
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Gothenburg, Sweden
- **genre**: Christian rock, Christian metal
- **years active**: 1975–present
- **url**: [http://www.jerusalem.se www.jerusalem.se]
- **current members**: Ulf Christiansson
Anders Mossberg
Dan Tibell
Klas Anderhell
Peter Carlsohn
Reidar I. Paulsen
Michael Ulvsgärd
- **past members**: Bertil Sörensson
Danne Gansmoe
Neobatrachia

**Neobatrachia** is a suborder of the Anura, which contains all frogs and toads. It is the most advanced (derived or apomorphic) and by far the largest of the three suborders. Its over 5,000 species make up over 96% of all living anurans.
Hydrosphere

The **hydrosphere** is the total mass of water on, under, and over the surface of a planet. It is part of physical geography. The oceans, rivers, and lakes are all part of the hydrosphere. Some electricity is made by the hydrosphere.

The total mass of the Earth’s hydrosphere is about 1.4 × 10<sup>24</sup> grams, which is about 0.023% of the Earth’s total mass. Around 2 × 10<sup>19</sup> grams of this is the Earth’s atmosphere. In addition, 71% of the Earth’s surface, an area of 361 million square kilometers, is covered by ocean.

## Related pages

- Water cycle
Bohuslav Martinů

**Bohuslav Martinů** (born Polička, Bohemia, 8 December 1890; died Liestal, Switzerland, 28 August 1959) was a Czech composer. He wrote an enormous amount of music, including six symphonies, 15 operas, 14 ballet scores and many orchestral, chamber, vocal and instrumental works. His music is often inspired by his native country.

## His life

Martinů was born in the tower of a town church and that is where he spent the first seven years of his life, away from the rest of the world. When he was old enough to go to school he had to climb the 193 steps down to the street every day. He started to have violin lessons from the local tailor. He was very shy because he was used to being all by himself with his family in the tower, but he made good progress and in 1905 gave his first violin recital.

Martinů soon started to compose music and nothing else interested him very much. He went to the Prague Conservatory to study the violin but he preferred going to the theatre and reading. In 1909 he changed to the organ school but he did no work and was expelled from school.

He managed to avoid fighting in the World War I by composing. After the war he became a member of the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, playing second violin.

In 1923 he moved to Paris where he stayed for 17 years. He was very poor. He had some lessons with Albert Roussel and soon became known as a composer. He married in 1931 and his wife worked hard to earn money so that he could spend his time composing. He liked to use Czech folk stories and literature as inspiration for his music.

In 1940 he had to leave Paris to escape from the Nazis. He spent several months living rough, often sleeping on stationplatforms. In March 1941 he and his wife managed to get to New York.

Life in the United States was hard for him. He spoke no English and people there did not know his music. He had left all his scores behind. However, he worked hard and the famous conductor Sergei Koussevitsky asked him to write a symphony. His music still sounded very Czech. After World War II he very much wanted to go back to his own country, but the communist government made that impossible. He had a bad fall and it took him years to recover properly. He taught at Princeton University, then he retired to Nice in France. He died of cancer in Basle.

## His music

Bohuslav Martinů wrote a lot of music. He loved sitting down and writing music. Once he had finished a composition he was never very interested in hearing it performed or what happened to it. As a result, some of his music is very good but some of it is less interesting. One of his last works was called _Řecké Pašije_ (_The Greek Passion_) which uses Greek folk melody and church chant. He was never influenced by American music, he preferred the modes, folktunes, bagpipe drones and mountain calls of his native country. His music can often be described as neoclassical in style.

## Other websites

- Bohuslav Martinů Foundation in Prague
    - Catalogue of Martinů Works
- Bohuslav Martinu Centre in Policka
Gallipoli Campaign

The **Gallipoli Campaign** was an attack during World War I on the Gallipoli peninsula between April 25, 1915, and January 9, 1916.

The Allied forces of the British Empire and of France fought the Turkish Empire with the purpose of allowing ships to bring supplies by the Black Sea. That would help the Russian Empire break its stalemate on the Eastern Front.

The campaign started with a naval attack along the Dardanelles. Naval mines sank or damaged several ships, and the Ottomans fought back and stopped the Allies from entering the Sea of Marmara. It was decided that if the Russians were to receive any British help, a land invasion would be necessary.

On April 25, 1915, Allied forces landed at various locations along the peninsula. Many of the British soldiers landed in the wrong places, which caused many casualties. The British landed at Cape Helles, and the Australians and New Zealanders (ANZAC) landed at a place that was later known as Anzac Cove. However, the Allies did not push on but they were told to dig trenches and to wait for an Ottoman attack. Trench warfare occurred until the evacuation of all Allied troops was finally ordered. The campaign is widely viewed as an Allied failure.

The British historian A.J.P. Taylor wrote of the Gallipoli Campaign, "The Gallipoli expedition was a terrible example of an ingenious strategical idea carried through after inadequate preparation and with inadequate drive."

Mustafa Kemal led the Turkish defenders in what was their only important victory in the war and so he became a hero. Years after the war ended, he became the first president of Turkey. He paid tribute to the ANZAC soldiers who had died in the campaign.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Gallipoli Campaign
- **partof**: the Middle Eastern Theatre (First World War)
- **image**: G.C. 18 March 1915 Gallipoli Campaign Article.jpg
- **caption**: Gallipoli Campaign, April 1915
- **date**: 25 April 1915 – 9 January 1916
- **place**: Gallipoli peninsula
- **result**: Victory for Central Powers
- **combatant1**: Ottoman Empire
 German Empire
- **combatant2**: British Empire
 French Empire
- **commander1**: Enver Pasha
 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Bey
- **commander2**: Ian Hamilton
 Henri Gouraud
 Winston Churchill
Sparassodont

The **Sparassodonta** were an order of carnivorous metatherian mammals. They are all now extinct.

The sparassodonts were native to South America. They were once thought to be true marsupials, but are now classified as a sister taxon to them.

A number of these mammalian predators closely resemble placental predators that evolved separately in Eurasia. They were first described by Florentino Ameghino, from fossils found in the Santa Cruz beds of Patagonia.

## Features

Members of the order Sparassodonta showed many similarities with placental carnivora, but they were not closely related. They are a very good example of convergent evolution.

For example, sparassodont molars were similar to the meat slicing teeth of modern cats. The canines were also lengthened, and in some cases, such as _Thylacosmilus_, resemble those of saber-toothed cats like _Smilodon_. Their body size varied, ranging from 80 cm (2 ft 8 in) long to the size of today's modern big cats.

Another family of large predators wrere the borhyaenids, which were more like wolves or dogs.

## Families

†Hathliacynidae

†Borhyaenidae

†Proborhyaenidae

†Thylacosmilidae
Rudi Hiden

**Rudi Hiden** (Josef Rudolf Hiden, born 9 March 1909 in Graz, Styria, Austria – died 11 September 1973 in Vienna) was an Austrian–French footballer. He was goalkeeper. After his career as player he became football coach.

## Career

He started playin football with Grazer A.K., where he played from 1925 - 1927. Then he went to Vienna, where he played for WAC(1927-1933). 1933 he planed to went to Arsenal London, but the Players Union did not allow this, so he went on to RC Paris together with Auguste Jordan, another Austrian footballer. 1937 he took the French nationality and played once for the French team in a 1940 match versus Portugal.

## International career

He started at the age of 19 in a match versus Yugoslavia(3:0). His second match he played two years later, he was very good so he became No.1 goalkeeper of the Austrian team. He was the goalkeeper in the golden age of the Austrian team, the so-called Wunderteam (Wonderteam). In the early 1930 the team played 15 matches and won 12 and lost only one game (in Wembley versus England 3:4)

## International statistics

- Austria
|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="5"|Austria|1928|1|0|
|1930|4|0|||
|1931|7|0|||
|1932|7|0|||
|1933|1|0|||

- France
|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="1"|France|1940|1|0|

After his footballer career he became coach of different teams in Italys Seria B.
- 1951–1952 Salernitana
- 1952–1953 Messina
- 1953–1954 Palermo
- 1956–1957 Messina
- danach US Carrarese
- 1963–1964 Salernitana

## Honours

- **Austrian Cup** (1):
    - 1931
- **French championship (1):**
    - 1936
- **Coupe de France (3):**
    - 1936, 1939, 1940
- In 2005 a lane in Viennas district Donaustadt was named after him (Rudi-Hiden-Gasse)

## Other websites

- The Wonderteam-Painting by Paul Meissner 

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Rudi Hiden
- **image**: Rodolphe Hiden en avril 1939.jpg
- **caption**: Rodolphe Hiden in April 1939
- **fullname**: Rudolf Hiden
- **birth place**: Graz, Austria-Hungary
- **death place**: Vienna, Austria
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthyears1**: 1925–1927
- **youthclubs1**: Grazer AK
- **years1**: 1927–1933
- **clubs1**: Wiener AC
- **caps1**: 118
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1933–1940
- **clubs2**: RC Paris
- **caps2**: 132
- **goals2**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1928–1933
- **nationalteam1**: Austria national football team, Austria
- **nationalcaps1**: 20
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 1940
- **nationalteam2**: France national football team, France
- **nationalcaps2**: 1
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1951–1952
- **managerclubs1**: Salernitana Calcio 1919, Salernitana
- **manageryears2**: 1952–1953
- **managerclubs2**: F.C. Messina Peloro, Messina
- **manageryears3**: 1953–1954
- **managerclubs3**: U.S. Città di Palermo, Palermo
- **manageryears4**: 1956–1957
- **managerclubs4**: F.C. Messina Peloro, Messina
- **managerclubs5**: Carrarese Calcio, Carrarese
- **manageryears6**: 1963–1964
- **managerclubs6**: Salernitana Calcio 1919, Salernitana
Brahmavar

**Brahmavar** is a town in India. It is in Udupi district of Karnataka State. It is near to the capital of the Tulu Nadu kingdom. It is on National Highway 17.

Brahmavar is known for its peaceful environment and cultural heritage. Many people in Brahmavar speak Tulu and Kannada languages. The town has schools, markets and temples that attract visitors from nearby areas.

Farming and small businesses are important for the local economy. Brahmavar is also connected by roads and buses to bigger cities like Udupi and Mangalore, making travel easy for its residents.
AB III

***AB III*** is the third studio album by American rock band Alter Bridge. It was released on October 8, 2010 in Germany and Australia, since then released worldwide through late 2010 and early 2011. It received critical acclaim, and debuted at #17 in the _Billboard_ 200 with more than 28,000 copies sold.

It contains one of Alter Bridge most successful songs, "Isolation" which peaked at #1 at the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.

## Track listing

1. "Slip to the Void" — 4:55
1. "Isolation" — 4:15
1. "Ghost of Days Gone By" — 4:26
1. "All Hope Is Gone" — 4:51
1. "Still Remains" — 4:47
1. "Make It Right" — 4:18
1. "Wonderful Life — 5:22
1. "I Know It Hurts" — 3:57
1. "Show Me a Sign" — 5:58
1. "Fallout" — 4:24
1. "Breathe Again" — 4:24
1. "Coeur d'Alene" — 4:33
1. "Life Must Go On" — 4:34
1. "Words Darker Than Their Wings" — 5:21
- United States Bonus Tracks
1. "Zero" — 4:39
1. "Home" — 3:29
- Japan Bonus Tracks
1. "Never Born to Follow" — 4:06

## Chart positions

- Album
|Year|Chart|Position|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="9"|2010|Swedish Albums Chart|align="center"|45|
|Australian Albums Chart|align="center"|35|||
|Dutch Albums Chart|align="center"|20|||
|German Albums Chart|align="center"|18|||
|US _Billboard_ 200|align="center"|17|||
|Austrian Albums Chart|align="center"|15|||
|Swiss Albums Chart|align="center"|15|||
|UK Albums Chart|align="center"|9|||
|UK Rock Chart|align="center"|1|||

- Singles
|Year|Single|Chart|Position||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="4"|2010|rowspan="4"|"Isolation"|US Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks|align="center"|1|
|US Alternative Songs|align="center"|20|||||
|US Rock Songs|align="center"|5|||||
|UK Rock Singles|align="center"|9|||||
|rowspan="2"|2011|rowspan="2"|"Ghost of Days Gone By"|US Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks|align="center"|27|
|UK Rock Singles|align="center"|32|||||

## Other websites

- Official Website — **AlterBridge.com**

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: AB III
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Alter Bridge
- **recorded**: February–April 2010
- **studio**: The Hit Factory/Criteria Studios
(Miami, Florida)
Paint It Black Studio
(Orlando, Florida)
Studio Barbarosa
(Bavon, Virginia)
- **length**: 65:39
- **producer**: Michael Baskette
Macaw

A **macaw** is a New World parrot. Some of the species are large birds, the largest of the parrots. Macaws are native to Mexico, Central America, South America, and formerly the Caribbean.

Macaws, like all parrots, are unusually intelligent birds. The usual thing for parrots is to pair for life. They stay together even out of the mating season. They often fly in formation, one above the other.

## Diet and clay licks

Macaws eat a variety of foods including seeds, nuts, fruits, palm fruits, leaves, flowers, and stems.  Wild species may forage widely, over  for some of the larger species such as _Ara araurana_ (blue & yellow macaw) and _Ara ambigua_ (great green macaw), in search of seasonally available foods.

In the western Amazon, hundreds of macaws and other parrots descend to exposed river banks to lick clay almost daily,  except on rainy days.

It was suggested that parrots and macaws in the Amazon basin eat clay from exposed river banks to neutralize toxins.

The clay eating behavior of parrots was studied at clay licks in Peru. Apparently, macaws and other birds and animals prefer clays with higher levels of salt. Sodium is a vital element which is scarce in environments over 100 kilometers from the ocean.

## Related pages

- Hyacynth macaw
- Red-shouldered macaw
- Scarlet macaw

## Other websites

- http://www.ehow.com/info_12276137_parrots-pair-life.html#ixzz2WkAmZULw

et:Aara#Aara laiemas mõttes
nl:Ara (vogel)
Harrison Bergeron

**"Harrison Bergeron"** is a science fiction short story by Kurt Vonnegut. It was first published in 1961. The story is set in a future where the United States government thinks everyone should be equal, so the government gives people "handicaps". People who are strong must carry heavy weights, and people who are smart must wear a radio that sends out signals that distract them.

Harrison Bergeron is a boy who is very talented. He gets rid of his handicaps and dances with a ballerina on national television. The government kills him for doing this. His parents are watching, but are too distracted by their handicaps to understand what is going on.

Some conservatives have thought the story has a conservative point of view, although Vonnegut was not a conservative.
The Cramps

**The Cramps** were an American punk rock band, formed in 1976 and active until 2009. The band split after the death of lead singer Lux Interior. They were part of the early CBGB punk rock movement that had emerged in New York. The Cramps are widely recognized as one of the prime innovators of psychobilly, and they inspired many of the early gothic rock bands.

### Final line-up

- Lux Interior (Erick Purkhiser) – vocals, March 1973 to February 2009
- Poison Ivy (Kristy Wallace) – lead guitar, March 1973 to February 2009
- Harry Drumdini – drums, February 1993 – July 2003 and August 2006 to February 2009

### Former members

- Bryan Gregory (Greg Beckerleg) – guitar, April 1976 – May 1980
- Julien Grindsnatch – guitar, July 1980 – September 1980
- Kid Congo Powers (Brian Tristan) – guitar, December 1980 – September 1983
- Mike Metoff (as Ike Knox) – guitar, October 1983 – November 1983; January 1984 – July 1984
- Click Mort – guitar, December 1983
- Scott "Chopper" Franklin – bass & guitar, January 2002 – September 2006
- Sean Yseult (Shauna Reynolds, of White Zombie) – bass, October/November 2006
- Touch Hazard (Tim Maag of The Mechanics & D.I.) – bass, 1985
- Fur (Jennifer Dixon) – bass, March 1986 – May 1986
- Candy del Mar – bass, July 1986 – January 1991
- Slim Chance – bass, March 1991-August 1998
- Doran Shelley – bass, 1998–1999
- SugarPie Jones (aka Tim Ferris) – bass, 2000
- Pam Ballam (Pam Beckerleg) – drums, April 1976 – September 1976
- Miriam Linna – drums, October 1976 – June 1977
- Nick Knox – drums, July 1977 – January 1991
- Jim Sclavunos – drums, 1991
- Nickey Alexander – drums, June 1991 – January 1993
- Bill "Buster" Bateman – drums, June 2004 – August 2006
- Jen Hanrahan – castanets June 2000 – August 2000.
- "Jungle" Jim Chandler – "Laid down the primal beat" for the European tour 2004

### Studio albums

- _Songs the Lord Taught Us_ (1980, Illegal)
- _Psychedelic Jungle_ (1981, I.R.S.)
- _Smell of Female_ – (live at the Peppermint Lounge) 6-track mini album (1983, Big Beat)
- _A Date with Elvis_ (1986, Big Beat)
- _Stay Sick_ (1990, Enigma)
- _Look Mom No Head!_ (1991, Enigma)
- _Flamejob_ (1994, The Medicine Label)
- _Big Beat from Badsville_ (1997, Epitaph)
- _Fiends of Dope Island_ (2002, Vengeance)

### Compilations

- _Off the Bone_ (1983, Illegal)
- _Bad Music for Bad People_ (1984, I.R.S.)
- _How to Make a Monster_ (2004, Vengeance)
- _The Secret Life of the Cramps_ (2006)

## Other websites

- The Cramps Official Page
- The Cramps Facebook Fan Page

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Cramps
- **img**: Cramps1982-07.jpg
- **img capt**: The Cramps in 1982
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: New York City, United States
- **genre**: Garage punk, psychobilly, punk blues, New Wave music, new wave, gothabilly, rockabilly
- **years active**: 1976–2009
- **url**: [http://www.thecramps.com/ thecramps.com]
- **past members**: See: #Former members, former members
Young Bond

***Young Bond*** is a series of young adult spy books. It is written by English author Charlie Higson. There are five books in the series. The series is about the fictional spy James Bond (who was originally invented by Ian Fleming) as a teenager. The series is set in the 1930s and Bond's school is Eton College. The books are published by Puffin Books in the United Kingdom.

The first novel in the series is _SilverFin_. It was published in 2005 and, since then, the series has become very successful.

The official website for the books is www.youngbond.com.

The series has received many positive reviews, with many people liking the tension and the action. _The Guardian_ newspaper said that _SilverFin_ is "a well-crafted page-turner with substance".

## Infobox (novel series)

- **name**: Young Bond
- **author**: Charlie Higson
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **books**: 1. SilverFin
2. Blood Fever
3. Double or Die
4. Hurricane Gold
5. By Royal Command
- **genre**: Spy fiction
- **publisher**: Puffin Books
- **media type**: Print (Hardback & Paperback)
G. L. Pridgen

**Gaston Layton Pridgen**, known as **G. L. Pridgen** (born ca. 1944), is a Republican member of the North Carolina General Assembly and the North Carolina House of Representatives. In the House of Representatives, he represents the 46th District, including constituents in Hoke, Robeson and Scotland  counties. A retired telecommunications technician from Laurinburg, North Carolina, Pridgen also has experience in the United States Military.

## Education and career

Pridgen was born in Robeson County, where he graduated from Littlefield High School and studied at Robeson Community College. His career with Southern Bell Telephone Company, which later became BellSouth Telecommunications and then AT&T, was interrupted by two years of service in the United States Army. Drafted into the army, he served as a communication lineman in Vietnam with the rank of Specialist-5, and was awarded the Bronze Star.

In 1994, he started his own telecommunications company, The Communications Company, Inc., providing telecommunications to local businesses. In 2009 he began working in the IT Department at Southeastern Regional Medical Center.

## House of Representatives

Pridgen is currently serving his first term as Representative for District 46 of North Carolina. In the House of Representatives he is active on seven committees. These are the Agriculture committee, the Appropriations committee (both Appropriations and Appropriations of Education, for which he is Vice-Chair) and the committees on Education, Judiciary (and Judiciary subcommittee B), and Public Utilities.

### Views

Pridgen has been the primary sponsor of eleven bills and has co-sponsored twenty-eight other bills, including H475 which authorizes a referendum on whether to make English the official language of North Carolina. He was also a primary sponsor of bill H219 which aimed to keep stricter records of registered sex offenders in the state. Pridgen nominated Dick Taylor to serve on the University of North Carolina Board of Governors. Pridgen also served as Vice-Chairman of the Appropriations Committee for Education. In this role, he supported a motion that would allow extra tax revenue to help fund the University of North Carolina system schools. This came less than a week after the committee proposed a budget for the UNC-system of schools that would have reduced funding by $483 million, or 17.4 percent. The cuts were described as potentially causing the school system to lose 3,200 jobs and cut 9,000 classes.

## Personal life

Pridgen has four children with his wife, Wendy.

## Other websites

- The Communications Company, Inc.
- Official Campaign Website
- NC General Assembly Biography

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Gaston L. Pridgen
- **state house**: North Carolina
- **district**: 46
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **term start**: January 31, 2011
- **term end**: Present
- **predecessor**: Douglas Y. Yongue
Foreigner (band)

- _For the dictionary definition of foreigner, see foreigner at the Simple English Wiktionary._
**Foreigner** is a British-American rock band, originally formed in 1976 by veteran English musicians Mick Jones, ex-King Crimson member Ian McDonald along with American vocalist Lou Gramm. Foreigner have sold more than 70 million albums worldwide, (including over 37.5 million in the United States alone).

### Studio albums

- 1977 - _Foreigner_
- 1978 - _Double Vision_
- 1979 - _Head Games_
- 1981 - _Four_
- 1982 - _Records_
- 1985 - _Agent Provocateur_
- 1987 - _Inside Information_
- 1991 - _Unusual Heat_
- 1992 - _The Very Best... and Beyond_
- 1994 - _Mr. Moonlight_
- 2006 - _Live In '05_
- 2009 - _Can't Slow Down_

## Other websites

- Foreigner's Official Website
- Lou Gramm's Official Website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Foreigner
- **img**: Foreigner2009.jpg
- **img capt**: Foreigner, after concert in San Francisco, California, September 2, 2009
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: New York City, New York (state), New York
- **years active**: 1976–present
- **genre**: Rock Music, Rock
 hard rock
 soft rock
 Adult Oriented Rock
- **label**: Rhythm Safari, Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **associated acts**: Spooky Tooth, King Crimson, Jason Bonham Band, Hurricane (band), Hurricane, Smash Mouth
- **url**: http://www.foreigneronline.com/
- **current members**: Mick Jones (Foreigner), Mick Jones
Thom Gimbel
Kelly Hansen
Jeff Pilson
Michael Bluestein
Jason Sutter
- **past members**: See: #Former members, Foreigner former members
Stonewall riots

The **Stonewall riots** were a series of riots in New York City from 28 June to 6 July 1969. They happened after the New York City Police Department raided the Stonewall Inn, an LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) bar in Greenwich Village. That made many LGBT+ people protest being persecuted by the police. The riots are seen as the start of the Gay Rights Movement in the United States.

## Raid

At 1:20 a.m. on Saturday, June 28, 1969 police walked into the Stonewall Inn. The employees were not told there was going to be a raid. Like they did in other raids, the police lined up the people in the bar and checked their ID's. They also confirmed the sex of the people Cross-dressing to arrest them. The people in the Inn and those watching from outside began the initial riot.

## Infobox (civil conflict)

- **partof**: events leading to Gay liberation and modern LGBTQ rights movement
- **caption**: The only known photograph taken during the first night of the riots, by freelance photographer Joseph Ambrosini, shows LGBTQ youth scuffling with police.
- **methods**: Rioting, Demonstration (political), street protests
- **side1**:  New York Police Department
- **howmany1**: Day 1: 10 NYPD officers (inside the Inn)
Day 2: Multiple NYPD precincts
- **howmany2**: Day 1: 500–600 supporters outside
Day 2: ~1,000 supporters inside and outside
- **casualties label**: Arrests, etc.
Glycerol

**Glycerol** (or **glycerin**, **glycerine**) is a simple organic molecule. It is a colorless, odorless, thick liquid that is widely used during the last step of preparing prescription drugs; It is a liquid at 25 degrees Celsius, at standard atmosphere (a pressure). Glycerol has three hydrophilic (water-loving) hydroxyl (oxygen-hydrogen) groups that are responsible for its solubility in water and its hygroscopic nature (which means it attracts water from the air). The glycerol backbone is central to all lipids known as triglycerides. It is used is in making nitroglycerin.
Arthur C. Clarke Award

The **Arthur C. Clarke Award** is a prize for excellent science fiction writing. It is a British award for a science fiction novel from the year before. To win, the novel must be published first in the United Kingdom. The winner gets money as a prize. The prize amount increases each year. It is a number of pounds sterling equal to the year of the prize (£1987 for the first prize in 1987, and £2011 for the most recent prize).

The science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke gave money to start the prize. The first prize was given in 1987.  A group of judges choose the winning book. Judges come from the British Science Fiction Association, the Science Fiction Foundation and a third group. Now, that third group SF Crowsnest. The Serendip Foundation manages the prize.  Recently, the award has been presented on the first night of the SCI-FI-LONDON film festival.

## List of winners

- 1987: _The Handmaid's Tale_ by Margaret Atwood
- 1988: _The Sea and Summer_ by George Turner
- 1989: _Unquenchable Fire_ by Rachel Pollack
- 1990: _The Child Garden_ by Geoff Ryman
- 1991: _Take Back Plenty_ by Colin Greenland
- 1992: _Synners_ by Pat Cadigan
- 1993: _Body of Glass_ by Marge Piercy (published as _He, She and It_ in the U.S.)
- 1994: _Vurt_ by Jeff Noon
- 1995: _Fools_ by Pat Cadigan
- 1996: _Fairyland_ by Paul J. McAuley
- 1997: _The Calcutta Chromosome_ by Amitav Ghosh
- 1998: _The Sparrow_ by Mary Doria Russell
- 1999: _Dreaming in Smoke_ by Tricia Sullivan
- 2000: _Distraction_ by Bruce Sterling
- 2001: _Perdido Street Station_ by China Miéville
- 2002: _Bold As Love_ by Gwyneth Jones
- 2003: _The Separation_ by Christopher Priest
- 2004: _Quicksilver_ by Neal Stephenson
- 2005: _Iron Council_ by China Miéville
- 2006: _Air_ by Geoff Ryman
- 2007: _Nova Swing_ by M. John Harrison
- 2008: _Black Man_ by Richard Morgan
- 2009: _Song of Time_ by Ian R. MacLeod
- 2010: _The City and the City_ by China Miéville
- 2011: _Zoo City_ by Lauren Beukes
- 2012: _The Testament of Jessie Lamb_ by Jane Rogers
- 2013: _Dark Eden_ by Chris Beckett
- 2014: _Ancillary Justice_ by Ann Leckie
- 2015: _Station Eleven_ by Emily St. John Mandel
- 2016: _Children of Time_ by Adrian Tchaikovsky
- 2017: _The Underground Railroad_ by Colson Whitehead
- 2018: _Dreams Before the Start of Time_ by Anne Charnock

## Related pages

- Hugo Award

## Other websites

- Official Arthur C. Clarke Award site
- Reviews of current and previous winners
- Interview with Tom Hunter, Administrator of the Arthur C. Clarke Awards
- List of all winning and nominated novels
Iris (goddess)

**Iris** was known as the goddess of the rainbow and another messenger for the gods in Greek mythology.

She is depicted as a beautiful golden goddess, with wings (for flight), sandals, a staff, and a tunic. There is often much art, such as vases and murals, shown of her because she is worshiped and very beautiful. She was also seen briefly in Homer's _Legacies_.

Iris is generally seen as Hera's personal servant and messenger. Iris is very swift and fast and she generally travels by rainbow. It is even said that the reason the rainbow comes and goes so fast is because Iris only uses it for travel and since she is so fast, it is only in the sky for a small amount of time.

She is seen today in both Roman, and Greek mythology, as an important figure to Greece, and the gods. In Greek mythology it is believed that if you throw a drachma (Greek currency) into a rainbow you can communicate with anyone anywhere (like the Skype of ancient times).

Her parents are Thaumas (marine titan) and Elektra (cloud nymph). Her husband is Zephryus (west wind). In some versions of Greek mythology, Iris is the mother of Pothos.

## Related pages

- Iridium
Mike Weinberg

**Michael Andrew Weinberg** (born February 16, 1993) is an American former child actor. He starred in _Home Alone 4_ as Kevin McCallister. He is the younger brother of Matt Weinberg.

## Movies

|style="background:#B0C4DE;"|Year|style="background:#B0C4DE;"|Movie|style="background:#B0C4DE;"|Role|style="background:#B0C4DE;"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2001|_Life as a House_|Adam||||||
|rowspan="2"|2002|_Home Alone 4: Taking Back the House_|Kevin McCallister|TV movie||||
|_Stolen Summer_|Danny Jacobsen|||||||

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Michael Andrew Weinberg
- **caption**: 2018 Photo of Actor : Mike Weinberg
- **birthname**: Michael Andrew Weinberg
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, United States, U.S.A.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1998–2006
SC Wiener Neustadt

**SC Wiener Neustadt**(official name _SC Wiener Neustadt 08_) is a footballclub from Austria. The club is playing in the Austrian Bundesliga.

The club was founded in 2008 as the Upper Austrian club SC Schwanenstadt decided to transfer to Oberwaltersdorf because of financial problems. Because SC Schwanenstadt was 7th in the second league the new club could also play in this league.

The first match was against FC Wacker Innsbruck (0-3). The rest of the season was more successful. They became champion of the second league and promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga.

The club´s president was Frank Stronach, the founder of Magna Inetrnational. He was also the main sponsor. But he decided to leave the club, so the future of the club is not clear. For the 2011/12 season Wiener Neustadt has got a new coach, Peter Stöger, who came from GAK, because Peter Schöttl became new coach of SK Rapid Wien. After Peter Stöger went to Austria Wien, because the earlier Austria coach Ivica Vastic was not very successful, the team had to look for a new coach. Just before the season 2011/2012 began, the SC Wiener Neustadt presented Heimo Pfeifenberger as the new coach.

## Manager history

- Helmut Kraft (2008–2009)
- Peter Schöttel (2009–2011)
- Peter Stöger (2011–2012)
- Heimo Pfeifenberger (2012–2014)
- Helgi Kolviðsson (2014–2015)
- Günter Kreissl (2015–2016)
- René Wagner (2016–2017)
- Roman Mählich (2017– 2018)
- Gerhard Fellner (2018-2019)
- Sargon Duran (2019 caretaker)
- Thomas Flögl (2019-2020)
- Jürgen Burgemeister (2020-2021)
- Oliver Oberhammer (2021)
- Zeljko Ristic (2021-)

## Honours

- 2008/09 Champion Erste Liga(Second league)

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: SC Wiener Neustadt
- **image**: SC Magna Wiener Neustadt - Meister der österreichischen Erste Liga.jpg
- **caption**: 2008/09 team Champion of the second league
- **fullname**: Sportclub Wiener Neustadt
- **founded**: 2008
- **ground**: Stadium Wiener Neustadt
- **capacity**: 10 000
- **chairman**: Ing. Manfred Rottensteiner
- **manager**: Heimo Pfeifenberger
- **league**: Austrian Bundesliga
- **season**: 2011/12
- **position**: Austrian Bundesliga, 8th