Poland

**Poland** is a country in the eastern region of Central Europe. Its official name is **Republic of Poland**. It is on the east of Germany (along Oder and Lusatian Neisse). The Czech Republic and Slovakia are to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the north. The total land area of Poland is about 312,679 km<sup>2</sup> (120,728 mi<sup>2</sup>), slightly larger than Oman. That makes Poland the 77th-largest country in the world, with over 38.5 million people. Most Polish people live in large cities, including the capital, Warsaw (Polish: _Warszawa_), Łódź, Cracow (Polish: _Kraków_), the second capital of Poland (first was Gniezno), Szczecin, Gdańsk, Wrocław and Poznań.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Republic of Poland
- **common name**: Poland
- **image flag**: Flag of Poland.svg
- **flag border**: Flag of Poland (normative).svgize
- **image coat**: Herb Polski.svg
- **national anthem**:
("Poland Is Not Yet Lost")
<div style="padding-top:0.5em;"></div>
- **capital**: Warsaw
- **largest city**: capital
- **languages type**: Official language
- **languages**: Polish language, Polish
- **population census**: 38,036,118
- **population census year**: 2022
- **population census rank**: 38th
- **population density km2**: 122
- **population density sq mi**: 315.9
- **population density rank**: 75th
- **ethnic groups**: *98.8% Polish people, Polish
**96.2% only Polish
**2.5% Polish and others
*1.1% only Ethnic minorities in Poland, non-Polish
- **ethnic groups year**: 2021
- **religion year**: 2021
- **government type**: Unitary semi-presidential republic
- **leader title1**: President of Poland, President
- **leader title2**: Prime Minister of Poland, Prime Minister
- **leader name2**: Donald Tusk
- **legislature**: Parliament of Poland, Parliament
- **upper house**: Senate of Poland, Senate
- **lower house**: Sejm
- **sovereignty type**: History of Poland, Formation
- **established event1**: Duchy of Poland
- **established date1**: 960
- **established event2**: Baptism of Poland
- **established date2**: 14 April 966
- **established date3**: 18 April 1025
- **established event4**: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
- **established date4**: 1 July 1569
- **established date6**: 11 November 1918
- **established date7**: 17 September 1939
- **established date8**: 22 July 1944
- **area km2**: 312696
- **area rank**: 69th
- **area sq mi**: 121,209.44
- **percent water**: 1.48 (2015)
- **gdp ppp**: $1.992 trillion
- **gdp ppp year**: 2025
- **gdp ppp rank**: 19th
- **gdp ppp per capita**: $54,498
- **gdp ppp per capita rank**: 37th
- **gdp nominal**: $915 billion
- **gdp nominal year**: 2025
- **gdp nominal rank**: 21st
- **gdp nominal per capita**: $25,041
- **gdp nominal per capita rank**: 45th
- **gini**: 26.3
- **gini year**: 2022
- **gini change**: decrease
- **hdi**: 0.881
- **hdi year**: 2022
- **hdi change**: increase
- **hdi rank**: 36th
- **currency**: Polish złoty, Złoty
- **currency code**: PLN
- **time zone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **time zone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **date format**: dd.mm.yyyy (Common Era, CE)
- **drives on**: right
- **calling code**: Telephone numbers in Poland, +48
- **cctld**: .pl
- **footnote a**: Also .eu, shared with other European Union member states