Peyo

**Pierre Culliford** (25 June 1928 – 24 December 1992), known as **Peyo**, was a Belgian comics artist. He is best known for making _The Smurfs_ comic strip.

Peyo was born in 1928 in Brussels. He was the son of an English father and a Belgian mother. On Christmas Eve 1992, Peyo died of a heart attack in Brussels at age 64.

## Career

He went to the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels. Peyo began work at the Compagnie Belge d'Animation (CBA), a small Belgian animation studio. There he met a few of his future colleagues, like André Franquin, Morris and Eddy Paape. He made his first comics for the newspaper _La Dernière Heure_ (The Latest Hour). From 1949 to 1952, he drew _Poussy_, a stop comic about a cat, for _Le Soir_. For the same newspaper, he also made _Johan_.

In 1952, Franquin introduced Peyo to _Le Journal de Spirou_. It was a children's comics magazine published by Dupuis which was first in Belgium in 1938. Peyo wrote and drew a lot of characters and storylines. His favourite was _Johan et Pirlouit_ (translated into English as _Johan and Peewit_). Set in the Middle Ages in Europe, _Johan et Pirlouit_ stars a brave young page to the king, and his faithful, if boastful and cheating, midget sidekick. Johan defends the meek on his trusty horse, while Peewit gallops behind on his goat, named Biquette.

### Smurfs

The first smurf appeared in _Johan and Peewit_ on 23 October 1958 in the album _La Flûte à Six Schtroumpfs_ (_The Six Smurfed Flute_). As the smurfs became more popular, Peyo started a studio in the early 1960s. Many talented comic artists started to work. The most notable artists to come from this studio are Walthéry, Wasterlain, Gos, Derib, Degieter, and Desorgher.

In 1959, the Smurfs got their own series. Many authors of the Marcinelle school worked together on the writing or as an artist. These include Willy Maltaite (aka 'Will'), Yvan Delporte, and Roger Leloup. Peyo became more of a businessman and supervisor. He let his son, Thierry Culliford, lead the studio. His daughter Véronique was responsible for the merchandising.

The merchandising of the Smurfs began in 1959. The PVC figurines were the most important piece until the late 1970s. Then, with the success of the Smurf records by Father Abraham, the Smurfs got more international success. Some of the toys reached the United States. Hanna-Barbera made a Saturday morning animated series in 1981. Peyo was story supervisor.

## Bibliography

- _Blair Investigates_ (_Beatriz Enquêter_), 1968–1992, 25 albums by Dupuis, story by Stan and Jan Berenstain
- _Jacky and Célestin_, 1960–1978: 10 stories in _Le Soir_, 4 albums by Dupuis: artwork by François Walthéry, Francis, Jo-El Azara and Mitteï, stories by Peyo, Gos, and Vicq
- _Johan and Peewit_, 1952-1970: 13 albums by Dupuis
- _Natacha_, 1992: 1 album by Dupuis, artwork by Walthéry, story by Peyo
- _Pierrot_: 1991, 1 album by Cartoon Creation
- _Poussy_, 1977–1978, 3 albums by Dupuis
- _The Smurfs_ (_Les Schtroumpfs_), 1959–1992, 17 albums by Dupuis: additional artwork by Alain Maury and Luc Parthoens, additional stories by Yvan Delporte, Gos, Thierry Culliford
- _Spirou et Fantasio_, 1969, 1 album by Dupuis, artwork by André Franquin and Jidéhem, story by Peyo and Gos
- _Steven Strong_ (_Benoît Brisefer_), 1960–1978, 7 albums by Dupuis, additional artwork by Will, Walthéry, Marc Wasterlain and Albert Blesteau, additional stories by Yvan Delporte, Gos, and Blesteau

## Awards and honours

- He received the Youth Prize (9-12 years) award 1984 at the Angoulême International Comics Festival, France.
- The 50th anniversary of The Smurfs and the 80th anniversary of the birth of its creator, was celebrated by issuing a high-value collectors' coin: the Belgian 5 euro, minted in 2008.

## Collection Films

- The Smurfs
- The Smurfs 2
- Smurfs: The Lost Village
- Smurfs: The Honey Games