juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Daniel Lurie

**Daniel Lurie** (born February 4, 1977) is an American businessman, philanthropist and politician. Lurie has been the 46th Mayor of San Francisco since 2025. He is the founder and former CEO of Tipping Point Community. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

In November 2024, Lurie was elected mayor after beating Mayor London Breed in the 2024 election.

## Other websites

- Campaign website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Daniel Lurie
- **image**: Daniel Lurie (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 46th Mayor of San Francisco
- **term start**: January 8, 2025
- **predecessor**: London Breed
- **birth place**: San Francisco, California, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: Duke University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
 University of California, Berkeley (Master of Public Policy, MPP)
- **spouse**: Becca Prowda
- **children**: 2
- **relatives**: Mimi Haas, Mimi Ruchwarger Haas (mother)
Peter E. Haas (stepfather)
Laura Friedman

**Laura Syril Friedman** (born December 3, 1966) is an American politician and former movie producer who is the member of the U.S. House of Representatives for California's 30th congressional district since 2025. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Before, Friedman was a member of the California State Assembly since 2016. Friedman was a member of the Glendale City Council from 2009 to 2016. She was also Mayor of Glendale from 2011 to 2012.

Friedman also helped write the pro-housing bill to stop minimum parking requirements for housing mass transit stations. She is a progressive.

## Other websites

- Laura Friedman at ballotpedia.org
- Join California Laura Friedman

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Laura Friedman
- **image**: Laura Friedman 119th congress (3x4 full).jpg
- **alt**: Official House portrait of Friedman smiling in front of the U.S. flag, wearing a black jacket and red shirt.
- **state**: California
- **term start**: January 3, 2025
- **predecessor**: Adam Schiff
- **office1**: Member of the California State Assembly, California Assembly
- **term start1**: December 5, 2016
- **term end1**: November 30, 2024
- **predecessor1**: Mike Gatto
- **successor1**: Nick Schultz (politician), Nick Schultz
- **constituency1**: California's 43rd State Assembly district, 43rd district (2016–2022)
California's 44th State Assembly district, 44th district (2022–2024)
- **office2**: Mayor of Glendale, California, Glendale
- **term start2**: April 2011
- **term end2**: April 2012
- **predecessor2**: Ara Najarian
- **successor2**: Frank Quintero
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Guillaume Lemoine
- **children**: 1
- **education**: University of Rochester (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Federal Detention Center, Miami

The **Federal Detention Center** (FDC) in Miami, Florida is an administrative-security federal prison. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP). Its address is 33 NE 4th Street in downtown Miami.

The prison mainly has male and female inmates waiting for trial or sentencing. It also has inmates who are serving short sentences.

## Facility overview

**Security Level:** Administrative, accommodating inmates of all security levels.

**Population:** Approximately 1,086 inmates.

**Management:** Operated by the BOP, a division of the U.S. Department of Justice.

**Programs and Services:**

**Educational Programs:** Mandatory literacy, GED, and English-as-a-Second Language (ESL) courses. High school diplomas and post-secondary degrees are available through paid correspondence programs.

**Health Services:** Comprehensive medical care, including sick calls, dental services, and emergency treatment.

**Psychology Services:** Crisis intervention, individual counseling, and specialized programs addressing mental health needs.

**Recreation:** Various recreational activities, including organized sports, wellness programs, and hobby crafts.

## Visitation information

**Visiting Hours:** Visitation schedules vary based on the inmate’s housing unit. Generally, visitation is available on weekends and federal holidays between 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m.

**Procedures:** Visitors must be approved and are subject to security protocols, including dress codes and identification requirements.

## Notable incidents

In June 2018, a guard was sentenced for his role in a $9 million fraud scheme involving contraband smuggling.

In November 2017, an inmate was sentenced for orchestrating a $9 million fraud scheme from within the facility.

In June 2024, residents of a nearby apartment complex reported disturbances due to the facility’s proximity, including noise and inappropriate behavior from inmates.

For more detailed information, including inmate services and contact details, please visit the official BOP website.
Susie Wiles

**Susan Summerall Wiles** (born May 14, 1957) is an American Republican political consultant, lobbyist and politician who has been the 32nd White House Chief of Staff since 2025. Before, she was co-chair of Donald Trump's 2024 presidential campaign.

## Career

In 1979, Wiles was hired as an assistant for Representative Jack Kemp. In 1980, she joined Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign as a campaign scheduler. She also helped run Ron DeSantis's campaign for Governor of Florida in 2018.

In the 2016 presidential election, Wiles ran the Trump campaign's operations in Florida.

In March 2021, Wiles was chosen as CEO of Trump's Save America PAC. Under her leadership, Save America PAC has covered legal fees for Trump staffers involved in legal proceedings against the former president.

In the final months of the 2024 presidential campaign, Trump said that Wiles and Chris LaCivita were the two people running the campaign.

### White House Chief of Staff

Two days after Trump was elected president in the 2024 presidential election, Wiles was picked as his new White House Chief of Staff. She is the first woman to have this role. She took office on January 20, 2025.

## Personal life

Wiles was born and raised in New Jersey. Her father was Pat Summerall. Wiles graduated from the University of Maryland, College Park.

Wiles was married to Lanny Wiles, a Republican consultant. The couple divorced in 2017. Wiles has two daughters.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Susie Wiles
- **image**: Susie Wiles July 2025.jpg
- **office**: 32nd White House Chief of Staff
- **term start**: January 20, 2025
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **predecessor**: Jeff Zients
- **birth name**: Susan Summerall
- **birth place**: New Jersey, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: University of Maryland, College Park (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **father**: Pat Summerall
- **children**: 2
- **caption**: Wiles in 2025
- **mother**: Kathy Summerall
Pixel 5

**Pixel 5** and **Pixel 5 XL** are Android smartphones from the Google Pixel product line. They next to the Pixel 4. The phones were announced on September 30, 2020. They released in the United States on October 29, 2020.

## Infobox (mobile phone)

- **codename**: Redfin
- **logo**: File:Pixel 5 wordmark.svg
- **logosize**: 200px
- **image**: File:Pixel 5 (2020).svg
- **caption**: Diagram of the Pixel 5
- **brand**: Google
- **manufacturer**: Foxconn
- **series**: Google Pixel, Pixel
- **unitssold**: 1.92 million (as of Oct. 2022)
- **related**: Pixel 5a
- **predecessor**: Pixel 4
- **successor**: Pixel 6
- **dimensions**: H: 
W: 
D: 
- **type**: Smartphone
- **form**: Slate phone, Slate
- **os**: Android 11
 Upgradable to Android 14
- **display**: FHD+ 1080p OLED at 432Pixels per inch, ppi,  pixel resolution (13:6), Gorilla Glass, Corning Gorilla Glass 6, 90Hertz, Hz refresh rate, HDR10+
- **soc**: List of Qualcomm Snapdragon systems-on-chip#Snapdragon 750G and 765/765G/768G 5G (2020), Qualcomm Snapdragon 765G
- **cpu**: Octa-core (1×2.4GHz Kryo 475 Prime & 1×2.2GHz Kryo 475 Gold & 6×1.8GHz Kryo 475 Silver)
- **gpu**: Adreno 620
- **memory**: 8 GB LPDDR4X
- **storage**: 128 GB UFS 2.1
- **memory card**: None
- **sim**: Nano SIM and eSIM
- **battery**: 4080mAh
- **water resist**: IP68, up to  for 30 minutes
- **name**: Pixel 5
Pixel 6

**Pixel 6** and **Pixel 6 XL** are Android smartphones from the Google Pixel product line. They next to the Pixel 5. The phones were announced on October 19, 2021. They released in the United States on October 28, 2021.

## Other websites

- Pixel 6
Pixel 7

**Pixel 7** and **Pixel 7 XL** are Android smartphones from the Google Pixel product line. They next to the Pixel 6. The phones were announced on October 6, 2022. They released in the United States on October 13, 2022.

## Related pages

- Pixel 7 Pro

## Other websites

- Pixel 7
Overlay network

Overlay networking (aka SDN overlay) is a method of using software to create layers of network abstraction that can be used to run multiple separate, discrete virtualized network layers on top of the physical network, often providing new applications or security benefits.
Shreya Jain

**Shreya Jain** is an Indian actress who works in Hindi television. She is best known for her role of Meher Gill in _Udaariyaan_.

### Television

|Year|scope="col"|Title|scope="col"|Role|scope="col" class="unsortable"|Notes|scope="col" class="unsortable"||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2021|_Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya_|Aleena|||||||
|2023 - 2024|_Rabb Se Hai Dua_|Noor Akhtar|||||||
|2024|_Udaariyaan_|Meher Gill|Lead||||||
|2024 - 2025|_Iss Ishq Ka Rabb Rakha_|Adrija Sen|Lead||||||

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Shreya_Jain.jpg
- **birth place**: Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- **education**: Graduated
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2020 - present
- **known for**: _Udaariyaan_
SSSniperWolf

**Alia** "**Lia**" **Shelesh** (born ), also known as **SSSniperWolf**, is a British and American YouTuber. Shelesh made her YouTube channel in 2013. In 2020, she was one of the most known social media personalities. In 2017, she started making more reaction videos.

## Infobox (youtube personality)

- **name**: SSSniperWolf
- **image**: Alia Shelesh YouTube shorts screenshot.jpg
- **caption**: SSSniperWolf in 2022
- **birth name**: Alia Shelesh
- **birth place**: Liverpool, England
- **occupation**: YouTuber
- **channel name**: SSSniperWolf
- **channel url**: UCpB959t8iPrxQWj7G6n0ctQ
- **years active**: 2011–present
- **subscribers**: 34.7 million
- **views**: 25.5 billion
- **silver button**: yes
- **silver year**: 2013
- **gold button**: yes
- **gold year**: 2015
- **diamond button**: yes
- **diamond year**: 2018
- **stats update**: October 26, 2024
Display device

A **display device** is an output device that shows information in a visual form. Some displays show information for people with vision problems through touch, like Braille displays for blind people.

Common uses for electronic displays are television sets and computer monitors.

### Common types

The following are the most common types of display devices:

- **Liquid-crystal display (LCD)** – Common in TVs, monitors, and smartphones.
    - **LED** – A type of LCD that uses LED backlighting.
    - **QLED** – An LCD with quantum dots for better colors.

- **OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode)** – Used in high-quality TVs and phones; each pixel lights up independently.

### Segment displays

Some displays can show only numbers or alphanumeric characters. They are called **segment displays** because they have parts (segments) that turn on and off to make the needed shapes. Segment displays are commonly used in digital watches and pocket calculators.

## Other display types

- Plasma displays – Older technology once used in large TVs.
- CRT – Old type used in traditional TVs and monitors.
- E-paper – Used in e-readers like the Kindle.

## Related pages

- Graphical user interface
- User interface
IPS panel

**In-Plane Switching** (**IPS**) is a technology for liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) that aligns liquid crystal molecules parallel to the display panel to improve color and viewing angles compared to traditional TN panels. This design was developed to address the viewing angle limitations and low color quality of early LCDs in the late 1980s.

## History

Initially developed for improved grayscale and viewing angles, IPS technology became viable for active matrix TFT LCDs in the 1990s, resolving limitations like grayscale inversion. Key developments were patented by Fraunhofer Society in Germany and later refined by Hitachi, which improved pixel control and reduced color shifting at different angles.

Hitachi and later LG Display advanced IPS technology, creating variations such as Super IPS (S-IPS) and Advanced High-Performance IPS (AH-IPS) with enhanced color and contrast. These improvements led to the technology’s wide adoption in high-quality computer monitors, smartphones, and TV displays.

IPS remains popular for devices requiring superior color accuracy and wide viewing angles, including professional monitors and high-end consumer displays.

## Related pages

- Computer monitor
Mexican Repatriation

The **Mexican Repatriation** Acts were repatriations, deportations and removals of Mexicans or Mexican Americans from the United States. They took place during the two final years of the 1920s and the entire 1930s. Estimates of how many people were affected go from 300,000 to more than two million people. Between forty and sixty percent of them (perhaps more) were United States citizens.

The Mexican people remaining inside the United States were classified U.S. citizens and counted as White people before 1930. In that year, a growing number of immigrants and local racism led to new racial or ethnic categories being created.
Colostethus ucumari

***Colostethus ucumari*** is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Body

This frog has a light stripe on the side of its body. It has almost no webbed skin on its feet. The frog has bright yellow color near where the front legs meet the body, where the back legs meet the body. Its belly is blue-white in color.

This frog makes some poison chemicals in its skin.

## Home

This frog lives near streams in cloud forests in the Cordillera Central (middle mountains) in Colombia. Scientists saw the frog between 2100 and 2500 meters above sea level. They find the frogs on grassy plants or under rocks.

Some of the places this frog lives are protected parks: Parque Nacional Ucumarí and Parque Natural Regional La Pastora.

## Young

After the eggs hatch, the male frog carries the tadpoles to water, where they swim and grow.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out. Humans cut down the forests to make places for cows to eat grass, and rainbow trout fish eat the frogs. Scientists have seen the dangerous fungus _Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis_, which causes the disease chytridiomycosis, where the frog lives, but they do not know if this disease is killing the frogs.
Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan

At the end of the Chinese Civil War, in December 1949 the  moved the capital (Headquarters) from the city of Nanjing to Taipei, in the island of Taiwan.

- Nanjing is a city in Mainland China. It was the headquarters of the Republic of China from 1912 to 1949.
- The Communist Party of China and the Nationalist Party of China were fighting the Chinese Civil War from 1927 to early 1950s
- In December 1949, the Republic of China, ruled by the Nationalist Party, moved the government to Taipei, Taiwan.

After the retreat, the Chinese Communist Party founded the modern , also known as "People's Republic of China".
Stumptooth minnow

The **stumptooth minnow** (_Stypodon signifer_) is an extinct cyprinid that lived in Mexico.
Tehran Stock Exchange

**Tehran Stock Exchange** (TSE) is Iran's largest stock market, located in Tehran. It first opened in 1967. As of October 2024, six hundred and sixty-three companies were listed on the TSE, with a total market value of about $94 billion USD (1 US dollar equals 693,000 Iranian rials).

The TSE is a founding member of the Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges and was one of the best-performing stock markets globally between 2002 and 2013. It is considered an "emerging" or "frontier" market.

Iran’s stock market includes companies from many industries, such as car manufacturing, telecommunications, farming, petrochemicals, mining, steel, copper, banking, and insurance. Many of these companies were originally state-owned but have since been privatized.

On Saturday, December 14, 2024, the main stock index went up by more than 16,000 points, breaking its all-time high and reaching 2,559,000 points.

## History

The idea of a stock exchange in Iran began in 1936, but was delayed by World War II. It was finally implemented in 1967 with the Stock Exchange Act, starting as a small market for corporate and government bonds.

In the 1970s, Iran’s economic growth and public interest in investing led to increased activity. The government encouraged participation by giving shares to employees of large companies, boosting the Tehran Stock Exchange.

## Other websites

- TSE Indexes
    - TSE Annual Report 2010
- Sukuk (Islamic Financial Instruments)
- Tehran Securities Exchange Technology Management Company (TSETMC)
- Securities and Exchange Brokers Association - Self-regulatory organization of TSE
- Financial Tribune - (Iranian English newspaper) Offers daily reports on the TSE
- Iran Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO)  – Offers Quarterly Bulletin of Iran Islamic Capital Market
- Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges  – TSE statistics/regulations/operations/international comparisons/calendar and latest news
- Iran's Capital Markets – Comprehensive 2003-Study
- Turquoise Partners – Monthly report on the Tehran Stock Exchange and Iran's economy
- Iran CSD Company  – Clearing and settlement of trading, central registry

## Infobox (exchange)

- **name**: Tehran Stock Exchange
- **nativename**: بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
- **type**: Stock exchange
- **city**: Tehran
- **country**: Iran
- **owner**: Public Joint Stock Company
- **key people**: Mahmoud Goudarzi (CEO)
- **currency**: Iranian rial
- **commodity**: Shares & Rights issue, rights, Banking in Iran#Bond market, corporate participation certificates, futures contract, futures
- **listings**: 663 companies (2024)
- **mcap**: US$ 94 billion (2024_ exchange rate 1 US $ = 693000 IRR)
- **volume**: US$ 1310 million (2024_ exchange rate 1 US $ = 693000 IRR )
- **indexes**: TEPIX and TEDPIX (main)
Ectopoglossus

**Ectopoglossus** is a group of frogs in the subfamily Hyloxalinae, in family Dendrobatidae.

## Species

- _Ectopoglossus absconditus_ Grant, Rada, Anganoy-Criollo, Batista, Dias, Jeckel, Machado & Rueda-Almonacid, 2017
- _Ectopoglossus astralogaster_ (Myers, Ibáñez, Grant & Jaramillo, 2012)
- _Ectopoglossus atopoglossus_ (Grant, Humphrey & Myers, 1997)
- _Ectopoglossus confusus_ (Myers & Grant, 2009)
- _Ectopoglossus isthminus_ (Myers, Ibáñez, Grant & Jaramillo, 2012)
- _Ectopoglossus lacrimosus_ (Myers, 1991)
- _Ectopoglossus saxatilis_ Grant, Rada, Anganoy-Criollo, Batista, Dias, Jeckel, Machado & Rueda-Almonacid, 2017
Communications in Iran

**Iran's telecommunications industry** is mostly state-owned, with the Telecommunication Company of Iran (TCI) being the main provider. In 2004, Iran had 22 landlines for every 100 people, which was more than Egypt (14) and Saudi Arabia (15) but less than the UAE (27). By 2012, Iran had more than one mobile phone per person.

Iran’s population is 80 million, with about 56% under the age of 25. In 2008, there were over 52,000 rural offices offering telecom services to villages across Iran. There are more than 24 million landlines, covering 33.66% of the population, and by 2012, Iran had 43 million internet users—the highest in the Middle East. By 2020, 70 million Iranians were using high-speed mobile internet.

Iran is one of the top five countries with high growth and development in telecommunications and has received a UNESCO award for rural telecom services. By 2009, Iran’s telecom market was worth $9.2 billion, expected to reach $12.9 billion by 2014.

In 2002, the information and communications technology (ICT) sector made up 1.1–1.3% of Iran’s GDP and employed about 150,000 people, including 20,000 in software. There were 1,200 registered IT companies, with 200 focused on software. Software exports reached $50 million in 2008, and the telecom market doubled between 2009 and 2020.

## Other Websites

- Ministry of Information & Communication Technology of Iran
- – Australian Trade
- Information Technology Company – affiliated with the Ministry of Communication & Information Technology (ICT) of Iran
- GSM Coverage in Iran
- Information Technology in Iran (1997)
- Internet Traffic Report – Iran Routers
- CIA FactBook (Iran Communications statistics)
- Iran and Space Communications – Globalsecurity.org
- Overview of e-commerce in Iran – Economist Intelligence Unit (2006)
- definition of consumer behavior/ – Economist behavior (2010)
Mastaba of Ti

The **Mastaba of Ti** is an important tomb, in Saqqara, on the outskirts of Cairo. It was built for Ti. **Ti** (also spelled **Ty**) was a senior official and royal architect in the Fifth Dynasty who served under several kings. He oversaw the sun temples of Neferirkare and Niuserre. His wife was Neferhetepes. Today, thre mastaba is mostly known for its reliefs, showing scenes form everyday life

## Gallery

.
Marsh Arabs

The **Marsh Arabs** (Arabic: عرب الأهوار _ʻArab al-Ahwār_), also called the **Ahwaris** or **Ma’dān**, are the people who live in the Mesopotamian Marshes, as well as the Hawizeh Marshes.

### Origin theories

The origin of the Marsh Arabs is unclear, yet people have made theories about it. For example, an Iraqi scholar named Ali Al-Wardi claimed that they're descended from the Nabataeans of Iraq and others.

### 1950s-2003

In the '50s, the Mesopotamian Marshes were drained, which made the wetlands look like a desert. The Ahwaris' population decreased to around 20,000, thanks to Saddam's retaliations.

### Agriculture

The Marsh Arabs' agriculture is split into two groups. The first one raises water buffaloes, while the other group cultivates rice, wheat, and other grains.

### Mashoofs

The Marsh Arabs use a special type of canoe called a mashoof. It is used as a fishing vessel, water taxi, and transport for people and goods.

## Other websites

- Iraq's Marsh Arabs facing threats of climate change, YouTube
Vignale Monferrato

**Vignale Monferrato** is a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Vignale Monferrato
- **official name**: Comune di Vignale Monferrato
- **image skyline**: Vignale Monferrato-panorama2.jpg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Alessandria, Alessandria (AL)
- **frazioni**: San Lorenzo, Mogliano, Fons Salera
- **mayor**: Ernesta Corona
- **area total km2**: 18.74
- **population total**: 958
- **population as of**: 30 November 2019
- **population demonym**: Vignalesi
- **elevation m**: 308
- **postal code**: 15049
- **area code**: 0142
San Damiano Macra

**San Damiano Macra** is a _comune_ in the Province of Cuneo in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: San Damiano Macra
- **official name**: Comune di San Damiano Macra
- **image skyline**: San damiano macra panorama.jpg
- **image shield**: San Damiano Macra-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Cuneo, Cuneo (CN)
- **frazioni**: Lottulo, Paglieres, Pagliero, Cuneo, Pagliero
- **mayor**: Diego Durando
- **area total km2**: 54.2
- **population total**: 451
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population demonym**: Sandamianesi
- **elevation m**: 743
- **postal code**: 12029
- **area code**: 0171
Peyronie's disease

**Peyronie's Disease** is a condition that causes scar tissue to form within the penis. It can make the penis bend or curve during an erection. This can cause pain. In some cases, it can cause difficulties with sexual intercourse.

The exact cause of Peyronie's Disease is not fully understood. It is believed to be associated with injury to the penis that does not heal properly.

About 10% of men have Peyronie's disease.
Milton, West Dunbartonshire

**Milton** is a village in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It is one mile from Dumbarton.

The North Clyde Line goes through the village. However, the village does not have a station.

Jackie Stewart, a former racing driver, was born in Milton.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Milton
- **gaelic name**: Baile a' Mhuilinn
- **population ref**: ()
- **os grid reference**: NS426743
- **unitary scotland**: West Dunbartonshire
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Dunbartonshire
- **constituency westminster**: West Dunbartonshire (UK Parliament constituency), West Dunbartonshire
- **constituency scottish parliament**: Dumbarton (Scottish Parliament constituency), Dumbarton
- **post town**: DUMBARTON
- **postcode district**: G82
- **postcode area**: G
- **dial code**: 01389
- **static image name**: Milton from Dumbuck Hill - geograph.org.uk - 3777662.jpg
- **static image caption**: Milton from Dumbuck Hill
Alexandria, West Dunbartonshire

**Alexandria** is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland.
Rickmansworth

**Rickmansworth** is a city in Herefordshire. It is about  northwest of Central London. It is  southwest of Watford. The Metropolitan Line of the London Underground connects it with central London. It is generally not considered part of Greater London. In 2011, about 24,000 people lived in Rickmansworth. The city grew a lot in the 1920s and 1930s.  This growth was also due to the good connections the Metropolitan Line provided. This led to urbanization. Today it is mostly a commuter town.
Nickelodeon (India)

**Nickelodeon** is a kids' TV channel in India. It started on October 16, 1999, and has its headquarters in Mumbai. It is similar to the American Nickelodeon but shows different programs to suit Indian audiences.

## History

Nick India is the most viewed kids' channel in India since October 2020. First of all, it started using Hindi in 2004, and within a few years, it added Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, etc. In 2010, Nick India got a new look and logo similar to that of Nickelodeon in the US.The channel launched Nick Jr. for younger kids in 2012, running a TeenNick block in the evening up until 2017.
Nick India held its first Kids Choice Awards in 2013. In 2015, it launched Nickelodeon HD+. The channel kept adding new shows and language tracks, like Marathi, Bengali, Gujarati, and Malayalam in 2019.

## Programming

In the first years, Nickelodeon India mostly showed American cartoons like Rugrats, SpongeBob SquarePants, Hey Arnold!, The Fairly OddParents, and Danny Phantom. They also did broadcast live-action shows such as Kenan & Kel, Drake & Josh, and Legends of the Hidden Temple.

Nick India created two local game shows called Dum Dama Dum and Gilli Gilli Gappa. and _Gilli Gilli Gappa_.

In 2011, Nick India began creating its own local animated series. First was Keymon Ache.

### Nickelodeon HD+

Nickelodeon HD+ started on 5 December 2015. Only original U.S. Nickelodeon shows are on this channel.

### Nick Jr.

Viacom18 launched the channel on 21 November 2012. But on 1 February 2017, TeenNick stopped airing, and Nick Jr. became a 24-hour channel.

### Nickelodeon Sonic

Nickelodeon Sonic was launched on 20 December 2011 and targeted teens and action shows.

## Other websites

- Official Facebook page
- Nick HD+ Facebook page
- Official YouTube channel

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Nickelodeon
- **logo**: Nickelodeon 2023 logo.svg
- **logo size**: 280px
- **logo caption**: Nickelodeon logo used since 2024
- **owner**: Viacom18 (2007–present)
- **picture format**: 576i SDTV
- **parent**: Nickelodeon
- **country**: India
- **area**: India
Bangladesh
Nepal
Sri Lanka
- **headquarters**: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- **sister channels**: Nickelodeon HD+
Nickelodeon Sonic
Nick Jr. (Indian TV channel), Nick Jr.
- **online chan 1**: SD & HD+
- **online chan 2**: SD & HD+
- **online serv 2**: Tata Play
<small>(India)</small>
Kavi Kalash

Kavi Kalash was initially a poet later became a close friend of Sambhaji I . He was killed along with Sambahji in 1689.Capture of Sambhaji

## Early Life

Kalash Dev, a Kanyakubja Brahmin from Unnao, was a skilled administrator, warrior, salt and poet. He defeated Shahabuddin Khan near Raigad in 1684 and played a crucial role in the Agra escape plan. Sambhaji Maharaj honored him with the title Chandogamatya (Pinnacle of Poets).

## Death

In March 1689, Kavi Kalash was captured alongside King Sambhaji by the Mughal army under Aurangzeb in Sangameshwar. While Aurangzeb prayed in thanks for his victory, Kalash composed a defiant poem, comparing Sambhaji’s capture to Hanuman’s restraint in Ravan’s court and mocking Aurangzeb’s loss of power. Enraged, Aurangzeb ordered Kalash’s tongue to be cut out. Both were then paraded and allegedly killed in a gruesome manner using tiger claws.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kavi Kalash
- **honorific prefix**: _Chandogamatya_
- **occupation**: Royal poet, advisor, warrior
- **birth place**: Unnao, Mughal Empire
 (present day Uttar Pradesh, India)
- **death date**: 11 March 1689
- **death place**: Tulapur, Maratha Empire (present day Maharashtra, India)
- **death cause**: Execution
- **known for**: Confidant of Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj
- **allegiance**: Maratha Empire
- **battles**: Sack of Burhanpur
 Mughal invasions of Konkan
Capture of Sambhaji
Deccan Wars
- **office**:  Royal Poet of the Maratha Empire
- **term start**: 1680
- **term end**: 1689
- **monarch**: Sambhaji I
Ectopoglossus lacrimosus

The **lowland rocket frog** (_Ectopoglossus lacrimosus_) is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Home

This frog lives in forests in low places and on hills. Scientists saw the frog between 100 and 640 meters above sea level.

One of the places this frog lives is a protected park: Parque Nacional Natural Farallones de Cali.

## Young

Scientists think the tadpoles swim in streams.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in some danger of dying out. Humans cut down the forests to make farms, to get wood to build with, and to make places for people to live. Some of the farms are against the law. Bad chemicals from farms, can also kill this frog
Itaú Unibanco

**Banco Itaú Unibanco S.A.** is a Brazilian financial services company headquartered in São Paulo, Brazil.
Itaú Unibanco was formed through the merger of Banco Itaú and Unibanco in 2008. It is the largest banking institution in Brazil, as well as the largest in Latin America, and the seventy-third largest bank in the world. The bank is listed on the B3 in São Paulo and in NYSE in New York.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Itaú Unibanco S.A.
- **logo**: Itaú Unibanco logo 2023.svg
- **logo size**: 150px
- **image**: File:Arq088 01 15.jpg
- **image caption**: Headquarters in São Paulo
- **type**: S.A. (corporation), Sociedade Anônima
- **traded as**:

- **area served**: Worldwide
- **industry**: Financial services
- **revenue**: United States dollar, US$ 32.3 billion <small>(2023)</small>
- **net income**: United States dollar, US$ 7.5 billion <small>(2023)</small>
- **assets**: United States dollar, US$ 526.0 billion <small>(2023)</small>
- **parent**: Itaúsa
- **subsid**: Corpbanca, Itaú CorpBanca
Banco Itaú Paraguay, Itaú Paraguay
Itaú Uruguay
Redecard, Rede
Hiper
Credicard
- **location**: São Paulo, São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Brazil
- **predecessor**: Banco Itaú
Unibanco
HSBC Bank USA

**HSBC Bank USA**, an American subsidiary of the British banking group HSBC, is a bank with its operational head office in New York City and its nominal head office in Tysons, Virginia (as designated on its charter). The company has 22 branch locations.

## History

In 1980, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation acquired a 51% controlling interest in Marine Midland Bank, headquartered in Buffalo, New York. HSBC acquired the remaining interest in 1987. The banks continued to operate under the Marine Midland name until 1998, when the offices were re-branded as HSBC Bank.

In 1994, Marine Midland acquired Spectrum Home Mortgage, which operated in eight states. In 1995, Marine Midland acquired United Northern Federal Savings Bank, with branches in Watertown and Lowville, New York. Marine Midland also acquired The HSBC's 6 New York City retail branches, and the next year Hang Seng Bank's two branches in New York City.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: HSBC Bank USA
 HSBC USA Inc.
- **logo**: HSBC_logo_(2018).svg
- **image**: מגדל HSBC, מנהטן, קבוצת נכסים ובניין.jpg
- **image caption**: Headquarters at HSBC Tower, Midtown Manhattan, 452 Fifth Avenue
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **num locations**: 148 Branches (until Feb 18, 2022)
20-25 International Wealth Center (Beginning Feb 22, 2022)
- **key people**: Michael Roberts (Chairman, President (corporate title), President, and CEO)
- **industry**: Finance and Insurance
- **products**: Financial services
- **num employees**: 43,000 (including HSBC Finance)
- **parent**: HSBC
- **foundation**: (as Marine Midland Bank)
- **location**: HSBC Tower, Midtown Manhattan, 452 Fifth Avenue, New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
Bonhill

**Bonhill** is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland.
Clydebank

**Clydebank** is a town in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It is on the northern bank of the River Clyde. About 25,000 people live there.
Bowling, West Dunbartonshire

**Bowling** (; ) is a village in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland.
Capture of Samarqand

Babur wanted to recapture land Samarqand, so he attacked Shaybani Khan in 1501-6 but was defeated. In 1507 he again attempted t to capture Samarkand but failed. He got the news of defeat and death of Shaybani in the Hands-of  Ismail I of Iran. He formed an alliance with Ismail and successfully captured Tashkent, Qunduz, Hisar, Samarqand, Bukhara, Farghana, Kabul and Ghazni... His victory was short lived as Ubaid-Ulahb Khan defeated him and recovered almost all land.

He gave up the idea of capturing Samarqand and then invaded India establishing the Mughal Empire.

## Battle

Babur, the ruler of Farghana, dreamed of ruling from his ancestor Timur's throne in Samarqand. In 1494, his uncle died, and Babur saw a chance to take Samarqand. He succeeded in 1497 but lost the city after only 100 days when he fell ill, and a rebellion broke out in Farghana. Babur tried to regain control but failed and was left with almost nothing.

For years, he wandered with only a few hundred followers. He briefly regained Farghana in 1498 but lost it again in 1500. In 1501, Babur took Samarqand from the Uzbek ruler Shaibani Khan, but Shaibani Khan defeated him in 1502, forcing Babur to leave again.

Babur had to give his sister in marriage to Shaibani Khan to buy his freedom. For the next three years, he lived as a fugitive, often begging for food and traveling in tough conditions. Despite all his hardships, Babur stayed hopeful and never lost his cheerful spirit.

Babur settled in Afghanistan but still wanted to reclaim Samarquand, his ancestral homeland. In 1507, he visited his cousins in Herat, hoping for help to defeat his enemy, Shaibani Khan, but returned disappointed.

In 1510, Babur learned that Shaibani Khan had been killed in battle by Shah Ismail of Iran. Babur then took Samarquand, Bukhara, and Khurasan with Shah Ismail’s help. His kingdom grew to include Tashkent, Qunduz, Hisar, Samarquand, Bukhara, Farghana, Kabul, and Ghazni. But after Shah Ismail left, the Uzbegs returned and defeated Babur in 1512. Babur was forced to retreat to Kabul.

One reason for his defeat was his adoption of Shia Islam, which angered the Sunni people of Trans-Oxiana. Babur gave up on ruling Samarquand and kept only Badakhshan, which he gave to his cousin. As king of Kabul, he had to deal with constant rebellions and collect taxes from the Afghan people.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Capture of Samarqand
- **partof**: Mughal-Uzbek Wars
- **date**: 1497-1511
- **place**: Samarqand, Modern day Uzbekistan
- **result**: Shaybanids victory
- **combatant1**: Timurid Empire
 Safavid Iran
- **combatant2**: Khanate of Bukhara
- **commander1**: Babur
 Ismail I
- **commander2**: Sultan Shaibani
Sultan Ubaid-Ulahb Khan
- **strength1**: Unknown
- **strength2**: Unknown
- **casualties1**: Unknown
- **casualties2**: Unknown
- **territory**: *Tashkent, Qunduz, Hisar, Samarqand, Bukhara, Farghana, Kabul  Ghazni, and Khurasan occupied by Babur
*Samarqand and some of the lost territories recaptured by Shaybanids
Duntocher

**Duntocher** () is a village in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland.
I'll Get You

"**I'll Get You**" is a 1963 song by the Beatles and written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. It was released as the B-side to the 1963 single "She Loves You".

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: I'll Get You
- **caption**: US single label
- **type**: single
- **artist**: the Beatles
- **a-side**: *"She Loves You" (UK & US 1st release)
*"Komm, gib mir deine Hand / Sie liebt dich, Sie liebt dich" (US 2nd release)
- **released**: * (UK)
*16 September 1963 (US "She Loves You" single)
*21 May 1964 (US "Sie liebt dich" single)
- **recorded**: 1 July 1963
- **studio**: Abbey Road Studios, EMI, London
- **genre**: Beat music, Merseybeat
- **length**: 2:04
- **label**: * Parlophone (UK)
* Swan Records, Swan (US)
- **writer**: Lennon–McCartney
- **producer**: George Martin
- **prev title**: From Me to You
- **prev year**: 1963
- **title**: She Loves You
- **title2**: I'll Get You
- **next title**: I Want to Hold Your Hand
- **next year**: 1963
Monte Urano

**Monte Urano** is a _comune_ in the Province of Fermo in the Marche region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Monte Urano
- **official name**: Comune di Monte Urano
- **image skyline**: MonteUrano 2017 01.jpg
- **image caption**: Church of San Michele Arcangelo and town hall.
- **region**: Marche
- **province**: Province of Fermo,  Fermo (FM)
- **mayor**: Moira Canigola
- **area total km2**: 16.7
- **population total**: 8222
- **population as of**: 30 November 2017
- **population demonym**: Monturanesi
- **elevation m**: 247
- **postal code**: 63813
- **area code**: 0734
Écuelle

**Écuelle** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Éhuns

**Éhuns** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Battle of Ghujduwan

After Ubaid Khan, the Uzbek leader, defeated the Timurid ruler Babur near Samarkand at Kul-i-Malik, Shah Ismail of Persia sent General Najm-i Thani to help Babur. However, at Ghujduwan, the Timurid and Persian forces were badly beaten. After this defeat, Babur decided to focus on his plans to conquer India, starting on November 12, 1512.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Ghujduwan (1512)
- **partof**: Capture of Samarqand
- **date**: 12 November 1512
- **place**: Ghujduwan, Modern day Uzbekistan
- **result**: Shaybanids victory
- **combatant1**: Timurid Empire
 Safavid Iran
- **combatant2**: Khanate of Bukhara
- **commander1**: Babur
 Najm-i Thani
 Hossein Beg Laleh
 Abdal Beg Talish
 Biram Khan
- **commander2**: Sultan Ubaid-Ulahb Khan
Sheikhein Mirza
Jani Beg Sultan
 Kuchum Khan
 Suyunjuk Sultan
- **strength1**: Unknown
- **strength2**: Unknown
- **casualties1**: Unknown
- **casualties2**: Unknown
Central European studies

**Central European studies** is a subfield of European studies, focusing on the languages, cultures, histories, economies, societies, politics, international relations, and other aspects of the region of Central Europe.

Its subfields include Austrian studies (German studies), Czech studies, Slovak studies, Polish studies, Hungarian studies, Slovenian studies, Croatian studies, among others.

## Education programs

Some academic institutions offer degrees, majors, minors, certificates, specializations, or other forms of educational qualifications to students.

- BA in Central European Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- BA in Central European Studies, Comenius University
- BA in Central European Studies, University of Southern California
- BA in Central European Studies, University of Manitoba
- BA in Eastern European and East Central European Studies, Heidelberg University
- BA and MA in Central European Studies, Masaryk University
- MA in Central European Studies, University of Hradec Králové
- MA in Central European Studies,  Eötvös Loránd University
- MA in East and Central European Studies, Lund University
- MA(SocSci)/MA in Central & East European Studies, University of Glasgow
- MA in Balkan, Eurasian and Central European Studies (BECES), Charles University
- MA in Central and South-East European Studies, University College London
European studies

**European studies** is a field of study that focuses on the history of Europe and European integration. These programmes usually include a combination of political science, EU public policy, European history, European law, economics and sociology. Others include topics like European culture, European literature and European languages.
John Ruuka

**John Ruuka** (born 13 August 1995) is an I-Kiribati sprinter. Ruuka competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Alb

The **alb** is a simple, white robe worn by clergy in Christian services. It is a long piece of clothing that covers the body from the neck to the feet. The alb is usually tied at the waist with a rope belt called a cincture.

## Use

The alb is worn under other vestments, like the chasuble or dalmatic. Bishops, priests and deacons wear it during Mass and other religious services. The alb is always white. The alb is made from white fabric, often linen or cotton.

## History

The alb began as a long white tunic. In the 6th century, it became a clergy vestment. In the 10th century, people added embroidery to the hem and cuffs. In the 16th century, lace covered much of the alb. In the 20th century, the simple white alb returned after the Second Vatican Council.

## Related pages

- Stole
- Dalmatic
- Chasuble
Lataisi Mwea

**Lataisi Mwea** (born 26 July 2000) is an I-Kiribati sprinter. Mwea competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
BMW 5 Series

**BMW 5 Series** is a car produced by BMW since 1972. It is currently in its eighth generation. The 5 Series has an M version in the form of the M5.

The 5 Series has come in multiple body styles and engine types. The 5 Series has been sold as saloon and estate.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: BMW 5 Series
- **image**: BMW G60 520i 1X7A2443.jpg
- **manufacturer**: BMW
- **production**: 1972-present
- **class**: Executive car (E-segment, E)
- **predecessor**: BMW New Class
BMW XM

The **BMW XM** is a SUV produced by BMW since 2022.

## Overview

For November 2024, the car is produced at the Spartanburg plant in Greer, South Carolina, USA.

The XM is available with 6 or 8-cylinder petrol engines.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: BMW XM
- **model code**: G09
- **manufacturer**: BMW M
- **image**: BMW XM (G09) IMG 7778.jpg
- **production**: December 2022 - present
- **body style**: SUV
- **platform**: CLAR
- **engine**: Petrol plug-in hybrid:
3.0 L B58 twin-turbo I6 (50e)

4.4 L S68 twin-turbo V8
- **length**: 5,110 mm (201.2 in)
- **width**: 2,004 mm (78.9 in)
- **height**: 1,755 mm (69.1 in)
- **wheelbase**: 3,105 mm (122.2 in)
- **model years**: 2023-present
Battle of Odžak

The **Battle of Odžak**, was the last battle of the European theatre of World War II, it was fought from April 19 - May 25 1945. The battle ended 17 days after the official end of the war in Europe. The participants were the NDH, (the armed forces of Croatia) and the Yugoslav People's Army (the armed forces of Yugoslavia) the battle took place in the Bosnian town of Odžak and the battle was a victory for the Yugoslav partisans. This marked the end of fighting in Europe and the collapse of the Independent State of Croatia.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Odžak
- **place**: Odžak (a town in modern day Bosnia and Herzegovina)
- **partof**: The Yugoslav Front of the European theatre of World War II
- **date**: 19 April  - 25 May 1945
- **result**: Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, Yugoslav victory
Stellantis

**Stellantis N.V.** is a car manufacturing company formed from the merger in 2021 of the Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and the PSA Group. Stellantis designs, manufactures and sells cars of 14 brands: Opel, Peugeot, Citroën, Alfa Romeo, Jeep, Dodge, Fiat, Chrysler, Maserati, Lancia, Vauxhall, DS, Ram Trucks and Abarth.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Stellantis N.V.
- **logo**: Stellantis.svg
- **image**: Chrysler World Headquarters and Technology Center (51378087937).jpg
- **predecessor**: Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA)

PSA Group
- **founded**: 17 January 2021
- **hq location**: Hoofddorp, Netherlands
FC Agricola Borcea

**Agricola Borcea** is a Romanian football team from Borcea, Călărași County, which plays in Liga III since 2017. The club was founded in 1980 and also plays in the Romanian Cup after they beated CSM Slatina on penalties.

## History

Agricola Borcea was founded in 1980.
Veronica Maya

**Veronica Maya** (born Veronica Maya Russo in Paris, 14 July 1977) is an Italian actress. She performs mostly on television. She acted also in movies.

## Film

- _Italian Business_, dir. Mario Chiavalin (2017)
- _Passpartù - Operazione Doppiozero_, dir. Lucio Bastolla (2019)
- _Magari resto_, dir. Mario Parruccini (2020)
- _Ed è subito commedia_, dir. Brando Improta (2023)

## Other websites

- Veronica Maya inCineDataBase
Andrea Piribauer

**Andrea Piribauer** is an Austrian para-alpine skier. She skied for Austria at the 1992 Winter Paralympics and won a bronze medal. She was in the Women's Giant Slalom B1-3 event. She was fourth place.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Andrea Piribauer
- **country**: Austria
- **sport**: Para-alpine skiing
Ethan Nwaneri

**Ethan Chidiebere Nwaneri** (born 21 March 2007) is an English professional footballer. He plays as an attacking midfielder for Premier League club Arsenal.

## Club career

Nwaneri was born in London and joined Arsenal as an eight years old.

He played his first Premier League match on 18 September 2022, against Brentford, at the age of 15 years and 181 days. This made him the youngest ever Arsenal player, and the youngest person to play in the Premier League, breaking Harvey Elliott's record.

## Other websites

- Profile at the Arsenal F.C. website

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Ethan Nwaneri
- **full name**: Ethan Chidiebere Nwaneri
- **birth place**: London, England
- **position**: Attacking midfielder
- **currentclub**: Arsenal F.C., Arsenal
- **clubnumber**: 53
- **youthyears1**: 2015–2022
- **youthclubs1**: Arsenal F.C. Under-21s and Academy, Arsenal
- **years1**: 2022–
- **clubs1**: Arsenal F.C., Arsenal
- **caps1**: 7
- **goals1**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2022
- **nationalteam1**: England national under-16 football team, England U16
- **nationalcaps1**: 6
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
- **nationalyears2**: 2022–2024
- **nationalteam2**: England national under-17 football team, England U17
- **nationalcaps2**: 28
- **nationalgoals2**: 15
- **nationalyears3**: 2024–
- **nationalteam3**: England national under-19 football team, England U19
- **nationalcaps3**: 5
- **nationalgoals3**: 3
- **club-update**: 9 November 2024
- **nationalteam-update**: 9 November 2024