juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Trego, Wisconsin

**Trego** is a town in Washburn County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 908 at the 2020 census. The census-designated place of Trego is located in the town.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Trego, Wisconsin
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: WIMap-doton-Trego.png
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Trego, Wisconsin
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wisconsin
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wisconsin, County
- **subdivision name2**: Washburn County, Wisconsin, Washburn
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 95.4
- **area land km2**: 91.3
- **area water km2**: 4.1
- **area total sq mi**: 36.8
- **area land sq mi**: 35.2
- **area water sq mi**: 1.6
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2020, 2020
- **population total**: 908
- **population density km2**: 9.9
- **population density sq mi**: 25.8
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 318
- **elevation ft**: 1043
- **area code**: Area codes 715 and 534, 715 and 534
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 55-80450
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1584289
Transatlantic telegraph cable

A **transatlantic telegraph cable** is a cable running under the Atlantic Ocean. It was used for telegraph communications. The first was laid across the bottom of the Atlantic from Ireland to Newfoundland. The first message was sent on August 16, 1858. It was from Queen Victoria to President James Buchanan. The cables reduced the communication time between North America and Europe from ten days (by ship) to a matter of minutes. The first cable lasted only three weeks. Transatlantic telegraph cables have been replaced by transatlantic telecommunications cables.
Tribune of the plebs

**Tribunes of the plebs** were important officials in Ancient Rome. The **plebeians** (plebs) were the free Roman people who were not patricians.

The tribunes provided a balance between the power of the Senate and the needs of the people. There were ten tribunes at any time, and they could act separately or together.

These tribunes had the power to use the People's Assembly (the Concilium Plebis) to support the common people. They could summon the Senate, propose legislation and intervene on the behalf of plebeians in legal matters. Most important of all was the power to veto the actions of the Consuls and other magistrates, to protect the interests of the plebeians. An assault on any plebian tribune was against the law.

Tribunes of the plebs were elected by the People's Assembly alone. They could be commoners, unlike all the other officials of the Roman Republic. Their role lasted for about 800 years, but under the Roman Empire they did not have real powers. They were in origin and style, a working part of the Roman Republic.

Although a tribune could veto any action of the magistrates, Senate, or other assemblies, he had to be physically present in order to do so. Once the tribune was no longer present, the action could be completed as if the veto had not occurred. This meant that the tribunes' powers were limited to Rome itself, not the Republic in general.
Tom Werner

**Thomas Charles Werner** (born April 12, 1950) is an American television producer and businessman. Because of his investment in Fenway Sports Group, he is the chairman of both Liverpool Football Club and the Boston Red Sox.

Werner became a part owner of the San Diego Padres in 1990. Later, he was part of a group that purchased the Boston Red Sox. He became the chairman of the Red Sox on February 27, 2002. Werner became chairman of Liverpool Football Club in 2010.

As a television producer, Werner created The Carsey-Werner Companyr with Marcy Carsey. The company has produced many series including _The Cosby Show_, _Roseanne_, _3rd Rock from the Sun_ and _That '70s Show._

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birthname**: Thomas Charles Werner
- **office1**: Chairman of the Boston Red Sox
- **term start1**: February 2002
- **office2**: Chairman of Liverpool F.C., Liverpool Football Club
- **term start2**: December 1st 2010
- **predecessor2**: Martin Broughton
- **birth place**: New York City, United States
- **spouse**: Jill Troy Werner (divorced)
- **children**: Three
- **education**: St. Bernard's School
Hotchkiss School
- **alma mater**: Harvard University
- **occupation**: Television producer, businessman
Allison Mack

**Allison Mack** (born July 29, 1982) is an American actress. She played Chloe Sullivan in the television series _Smallville_. She played Kate Jacobs in the television series _Opposite Sex_.

Mack was born in Preetz, West Germany to American parents.

Mack was arrested by the FBI in Brooklyn on April 20, 2018, on charges of sex trafficking, sex trafficking conspiracy, and forced labor conspiracy. On June 30, 2021, she was sentenced to three years in prison. On July 3, 2023, she was released.
Elizabeth Goudge

**Elizabeth de Beauchamp Goudge** (24 April 1900 – 1 April 1984) was an English author of novels, short stories and children's books. She wrote under the name **Elizabeth Goudge**. She received a Carnegie Medal for children's books in 1946 for _The Little White Horse_.

She became a best selling author, both in the United Kingdom and United States.

She was born in Wells, Somerset, England. She died at the age of 83.
Dorothy Tree

**Dorothy Tree** (born **Dorothy Estelle Triebitz**, May 21, 1906 – February 13, 1992) was an American actress and author. She appeared in many character roles in movies between 1927 and 1951. She played May Emmerich in _The Asphalt Jungle_. She also played Frances in _Having Wonderful Time_.

Tree was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died of heart failure at age eighty-five in Englewood, New Jersey.
Martha Scott

**Martha Ellen Scott** (September 22, 1912 – May 28, 2003) was an American movie and television actress. She played Janie Prescott in _Hi Diddle Diddle_. She also played Catherine in the movie _In Old Oklahoma_.

Scott was born in Jamesport, Missouri. She died at the age of 90.
Carol Shields

**Carol Ann Shields** (June 2, 1935 – July 16, 2003) was an American and Canadian author. She was best known for her 1993 novel _The Stone Diaries_. The book won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. She wrote many other books and short stories. She worked at the University of Manitoba.

Shields was born in Oak Park, Illinois. She died of breast cancer in Victoria, British Columbia at 68.
Glucose meter

A **glucose meter** is a medical tool that measures glucose in human blood. It is an important part of blood glucose checking for people with diabetes mellitus or hypoglycemia. A drop of blood is placed on a test strip. The meter reads the strip and displays the blood sugar levels.

The tests are used for type 1 diabetes, latent autoimmune diabetes of adults and type 2 diabetes. Home tests for type 2 diabetes came more slowly than for type 1.
Baker, Louisiana

**Baker** is a small city in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, United States, and a part of the Baton Rouge Area. It is the third-largest city in East Baton Rouge Parish. The population was 12,455 at the 2020 census, an decrease of 1,440 persons from the 13,895 people counted in the 2010 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Baker, Louisiana
- **official name**: City of Baker
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: File:East Baton Rouge Parish Louisiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Baker Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Baker in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana
- **pushpin map**: Louisiana#USA
- **pushpin label**: Baker
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Louisiana in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, East Baton Rouge
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Darnell Waites (D) (elected April 10, 2016)
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 21.75
- **area land km2**: 21.75
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 12455
- **population density km2**: 572.53
- **timezone1**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset1**: -6
- **timezone1 dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 70714
- **area code**: Area code 225, 225
- **population density sq mi**: 1482.91
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 22-03985
- **area total sq mi**: 8.40
- **area land sq mi**: 8.40
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
Khagen Mahanta

**Khagen Mahanta** () (17 August 1941 – 12 June 2014) was folk and traditional musician. Mahanta was known as the "King of Bihu". His Bihu songs, Borgeet and other folk songs helped shaped the form of his society. The artist along with his wife Archana Mahanta and son Angaraag Mahanta represent one of the most influential families in Assamese music.

He died on 12 June 2014 from heart disease, aged 72.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Khagen Mahanta
- **image**: Khagen, Archana & Hiren.jpg
- **caption**: Khagen Mahanta, Archana Mahanta & Hiren Bhattacharyya, 2012
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Nagaon, Assam, India
- **death place**: Guwahati, Assam
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1942–2014
Hiren Bhattacharyya

**Hiren Bhattacharyya** () (28 July 1932 – 4 July 2012) was one of the best known Indian poets working in the Assamese language. He had many works published in Assamese and achieved many prizes and honors for his poetry. He is known as **Hiruda** () among his fans. **Prem aru Rodalir Kobi** (_Poet of Love and Sunshine_) () is his other name in the Assamese literature.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hiren Bhattacharyya
 হীৰেন ভট্টাচাৰ্য
- **image**: Hiruda.jpg
- **birth place**: Jorhat, Assam
- **nationality**: Indian
- **other names**: Hiruda
 Sugandhi Pokhilar Kobi
 Prem aru Rodalir Kobi
- **known for**: Poet
- **spouse**: Parul Devi
- **children**: 1 daughter
- **parents**: Tirthanath Bhattacharyya and Snehalata Bhattacharyya
- **awards**: Sahitya Akademi Award
Jimmy Scott

**James Victor "Jimmy" Scott** (July 17, 1925 – June 12, 2014), also known as **"Little" Jimmy Scott**, was an American jazz singer. He was known for his unusually high contralto voice. This is because he had Kallmann's syndrome, a very rare genetic condition. The condition prevented him from reaching puberty, leaving him with a high, undeveloped voice.

Scott died in Las Vegas, Nevada from cardiac arrest, aged 88.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jimmy Scott
- **image**: Jimmy Scott.jpg
- **caption**: Scott in September 2004
- **image size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: James Victor Scott
- **alias**: Little Jimmy Scott
- **birth place**: Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- **death place**: Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
- **instrument**: Human voice, Vocals
- **genre**: Jazz
- **occupation**: Singing, Singer
- **years active**: 1945–2012
- **label**: Savoy Records
Decca Records
Tangerine Records (1992), Tangerine Records
King Records (USA), King Records
Sire
Milestone
Robert Peters

**Robert Louis Peters** (October 20, 1924 - June 13, 2014) was an American poet, critic, scholar, playwright, editor, and actor. His poetry career began in 1967 when he wanted to write a poem about the death of his son. The poem was called _Songs for a Son_.

After Peters divorced, he began dating Paul Trachtenberg. Their relationship lasted for 36 years.

Peters died on June 13, 2014 from natural causes at the age of 89.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Other websites

- Profile at University of California, Irvine

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Robert Peters
- **birth name**: Robert Louis Peters
- **birth place**: Eagle River, Wisconsin
- **occupation**: Poet, memoirist, Victorian literature, Victorian scholar, critic, playwright, and professor
- **nationality**: American
Gyula Grosics

**Gyula Grosics** (4 February 1926 – 13 June 2014) was a Hungarian football goalkeeper. He played 86 times for the Hungarian national football team and was part of the legendary Golden Team of the 1950s. He was nicknamed the Black Panther (). He is credited with the paternity of the attitude of an additional defender, for his ability to get out of his own area and for his good attitude to footwork. Regarded as one of the best goalkeepers of all time.

Grosics died on 13 June 2014, aged 88.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Gyula Grosics
- **image**: Grosics Gyula Fortepan 261531.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Grosics in 1954
- **birth date**: 4 February 1926
- **birth place**: Dorog, Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), Hungary
- **death place**: Budapest, Hungary
- **height**: 1.78 m
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **years1**: 1945–1947
- **clubs1**: Dorogi Bányász
- **caps1**: 61
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1947–1949
- **clubs2**: Gamma FC, MATEOSZ Budapest
- **caps2**: 55
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 1949–1950
- **clubs3**: Gamma FC, Teherfuvar
- **caps3**: 30
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 1950–1957
- **clubs4**: Budapest Honvéd FC
- **caps4**: 125
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 1957–1962
- **clubs5**: FC Tatabánya, Tatabánya Bányász SC
- **caps5**: 123
- **goals5**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 394
- **totalgoals**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1947–1962
- **nationalteam1**: Hungary national football team, Hungary
- **nationalcaps1**: 86
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1963
- **managerclubs1**: FC Tatabánya, Tatabánya Bányász SC
- **manageryears2**: 1964–1965
- **managerclubs2**: Salgótarjáni BTC
- **manageryears3**: 1966
- **managerclubs3**: KSI
- **manageryears4**: 1966–1968
- **managerclubs4**: Kuwait national football team, Kuwait
Dorog

**Dorog** () is a small town in Komárom-Esztergom, Hungary. It is  northwest of the center of Budapest.
Gilles Ségal

**Gilles Ségal** (13 January 1929 – 11 June 2014) was a French actor and playwright. He starred in more than sixty movies beginning in 1954. He was born in Fălticeni, Romania. He is known for his role as a heist participant in Jules Dassin's _Topkapi_.

Ségal died in France, aged 82.

## Some movies he was in

|Year|Title|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1978|_Mon premier amour_||||
|1970|_The Confession_||||
|1969|_The Madwoman of Chaillot_||||
|1964|_Topkapi_||||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gilles Ségal
- **birth place**: Fălticeni, Romania
- **death place**: France
- **occupation**: Actor, playwright
- **years active**: 1954-2010
Australian Federation of Women Voters

The **Australian Federation of Women Voters** (**AFWV**) was an organization from Australia. It lobbied for women's suffrage. AFWV was started in 1921.

## Overview

The idea for the organization started at a meeting of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Perth in 1918. By the time the Union met again in 1921, the AFWV was founded. Bessie Rischbieth was the first president of the organization.They had a magazine called _The Dawn_. They helped get the first woman from Australia to represent them at the Legion of Nations in 1922. After she went, they had a woman attend for them to the Legion of Nations three more times: 1928, 1935, and 1936. They wrote a memorandum about sex discrimination in Australia called the "Status of Women," in 1937. Ten years later, in 1947, they wrote another.

In 1972, the organization ended. It became a part of the Women's Electoral Lobby.

## Other websites

- Australian Federation of Women Voters in _The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia_
- Records of the Australian Federation of Women Voters in the National Library of Australia (finding aid)
Jim Keays

**James** "**Jim**" **Keays** (9 September 1946 – 13 June 2014) was a Scottish-born Australian singer-songwriter and musician. He was best known for fronting the hard rock band The Masters Apprentices from 1965 until 1972. He performed also as a bass guitarist. Until his death, he had been active since 1964. He was later a solo musician and a member of the band Cotton Keays & Morris with Darryl Cotton and Russell Morris from 2000 until 2012.

## Life

Keays was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He was adopted when he was six months old. When he was four, his family moved to Adelaide, South Australia.

Keays died from pneumonia caused by multiple myeloma on 13 June 2014 in Melbourne, Victoria, aged 67. He had been diagnosed with cancer in July 2007.
Dorothy Morrison

**Dorothy Morrison (**January 3, 1919 - October 18, 2017), was an American actress. She appeared in a few Our Gang movies during the silent era. Her older brother was Ernie Morrison, another member of the movie series. Some of her movies include _The Champeen_, _Seein' Things_, _The Love Bug_, _Isn't Life Terrible?_ and _Hearts in Dixie_. Her last movie was a short called _Sleepless Hollow_ in 1936.

## Other websites

- Dorothy Morrison at the American Film Institute

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dorothy Morrison Green
- **birthname**: Dorothy Morrison
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, United States
- **occupation**: Movie actress
- **yearsactive**: 1923-1936
Wilson, North Carolina

**Wilson** is a city and county seat of Wilson County, North Carolina. It is 40 miles east of Raleigh, North Carolina. The population was 47,851 at the 2020 census.
Meju

**Meju** is a brick of fermented soybeans in Korean cuisine. It is used in Korean cuisine to make essential condiments such as soy sauce (kanjang), soybean paste (doenjang) and red chilli pepper paste (gochujang). Meju is produced by drying a brick of soybeans. The brick of soybeans is naturally fermented while it dries. There are several ways to make a brick of soybeans. Traditionally, boiled soybeans were crushed in a mortar and made into a brick shape to be tied up with straw.

_Meju_ was commonly made in any Korean home in the past. Condiments made with mejus all tasted different because the production of meju was not standardized. As many Koreans now buy Korean traditional condiments instead of making them, it is difficult to find the wide variety of unique tasting condiments made from homemade meju.

## History

The meaning of the word ‘meju’ originally included all condiments and seasonings made with meju. However, as another word ‘jang’ was used more frequently to refer to condiments made with meju, the meaning of the word ‘meju’ shifted to refer only to the stage before it is used in condiments. Scholars believe the Japanese word ‘miso’ which is similar to Korean doenjang came from the word ‘meju’.
WC and the Maad Circle

**WC and the Maad Circle** is an American hip hop group formed in 1990.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Ain't a Damn Thang Changed_ (1991)
- _Curb Servin'_ (1995)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: WC and the Maad Circle
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: United States, USA
- **genre**: Hip hop
- **years active**: 1990-1996
- **label**: Priority, Payday
- **associated acts**: Ice Cube
- **past members**: WC
Coolio
DJ Crazy Toones
Sir Jinx
Big Gee
Alexander McQueen

**Lee Alexander McQueen** (17 March 1969 – 11 February 2010) was a British fashion designer and couturier. His creative and experimental design received a lot of attention in the world of fashion.

## Early life and education

McQueen was born on 17 March 1969 at University Hospital Lewisham in Lewisham, London. He started drawing at age three. He wanted to be a designer since he was in primary school. McQueen left school at age 16 and started to serve an apprenticeship with Savile Row tailors in 'Anderson & Sheppard'. Afterwards, he also worked for 'Gieves & Hawkes', which made stage costumes for famous shows in London. The skills he learned as an apprentice on Savile Row helped him to get a reputation in the fashion world. At the age of 21, McQueen was hired by Romeo Gigli as assistant designer in Italy.

## Career

In 1994, McQueen returned to London and got a master's degree from Central Saint Martins College. It was the turning point that led him to be a designer. McQueen worked at Givenchy as a head designer from 1996 to 2001.  After he separated with Givenchy, he focused on his own label. Then, in 2001, he made a debut with _The Dance of the Twisted Bull_ collection in Paris which provoked some scandals.

In 2001 "Gucci" Group got 51% shares of Alexander McQueen brand, which was named after McQueen, and became his new partner. As time passed, McQueen launched "McQ" as second brand, and "My Queen" as perfume brand. McQueen also conducted various brand and design collaboration with Puma, Samsonite and Chivas Regal. By the end of 2006, Alexander McQueen brand has entered 25 cities including London, Paris, New York City, Boston, Milan, Moscow, Tokyo and Seoul.

In 1996, he was nominated as the youngest British Fashion Designer of the Year, and again in 1997, 2001 and 2003. Moreover, in 2003 he was nominated as  by Council of Fashion Designers of America(CFDA) and received 'Commander of the Order of the British Empire' from Queen. From mid 1990s to 2000s, he had success in his career.

## Personal life, death and afterwards

McQueen was openly gay. He suffered from depression since the suicide of his close friend Isabella Blow. He hanged himself at his London home nine days after from the death of his mother. Depression was presumed to be the cause of his suicide. After his death, Sarah Burton is now the chief designer of the Alexander McQueen business.
Virginia Hamilton

**Virginia Esther Hamilton** (March 12, 1934 – February 19, 2002) was an African-American author of children's books. She was born and raised in Yellow Springs, Ohio.

Virginia Hamilton’s mother was Etta Bella Perry Hamilton and her father was Kenneth James Hamilton. She attended Antioch College, Ohio State University, and New School for Social Research. On March 19, 1960 Hamilton married Arnold Adoff. They had two children together, Leigh Hamilton Adoff and Jamie Levi Adoff.

Virginia Hamilton wrote mainly about African American folktales and heritage.  Hamilton wrote her stories first thinking about characterization, settings, and themes, then touching on racial topics.  She also wrote about social issues, sibling rivalry, and peer pressure.

She received many awards for her writing. For _M. C. Higgins, the Great_, a tale of a black boy growing up poor in the South, she won the U.S. National Book Award and the Newbery Medal in 1975.  For lifetime achievement, she won the international Hans Christian Andersen Award for writing children's literature in 1992 and a Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal in 1995.  Because of the racial discrimination against African Americans during her lifetime, her achievements are especially important.

She died in Dayton, Ohio of breast cancer.

## References

- Wolf, Virginia L. "Hamilton, Virginia." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2015. Web. Accessed 23 Mar. 2015
Ruth Handler

**Ruth Marianna Handler** (née **Mosko**; November 4, 1916 – April 27, 2002) was an American businesswoman and inventor. She helped invent the Barbie doll. She was also the co-founder of toy company Mattel with her husband Elliot. She was the company's first president from 1945 to 1975.

The Handlers were forced to resign from Mattel in 1975 after the Securities and Exchange Commission investigated the company for faking financial documents and for committing tax evasion.

Handler was born in Denver, Colorado. She died from complications of colon cancer surgery at age 85 in Los Angeles.

Handler was played by Rhea Perlman in the 2023 movie _Barbie_.
Dee Dee Ramone

**Dee Dee Ramone** (born **Douglas Glenn Colvin**; September 18, 1952 – June 5, 2002) was a German-American singer, songwriter and musician. He was best known for being a founding member of the Ramones.

He was mostly a punk rock singer, but he also made some hip hop music.

Ramone was born in Fort Lee, Virginia. He died from a heroin overdose, aged 49.
Carmen Silvera

**Carmen Silvera** (3 June 1922 – 3 August 2002) was a Canadian-born British comic actress. She played Camilla Hope in the soap opera _Compact_. She also played Mrs. Van Schuyler in Lillie in 1978.

Silvera was born in Toronto, Canada. She died from lung cancer at age 80 in England.
Mahdi Elmandjra

**Mahdi Elmandjra** (Arabic: مهدي المنجرة) (13 March 1933 – 13 June 2014) was a Moroccan futurist, economist, writer and sociologist. He was best known for his leadership roles with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Elmandjra was born in Rabat. He was educated in Morocco, the United States and the United Kingdom.

Elmandjra died after a long illness on 13 June 2014 in Rabat, aged 81.
2008 London mayoral election

The **London mayoral election, 2008** was on 1 May 2008. It was the third London mayoral election, the first election was held in May 2000 and the second election in June 2004. It was won by the Conservative Party candidate Boris Johnson. Boris Johnson became the second Mayor of London.

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: London mayoral election, 2008
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **type**: presidential
- **ongoing**: no
- **turnout**: 45.3%
- **previous election**: London mayoral election, 2004
- **previous year**: 2004
- **next election**: London mayoral election, 2012
- **next year**: 2012
- **election date**: 1 May 2008
- **1blank**: 1st Round vote
- **2blank**: Percentage
- **3blank**: 2nd Round vote
- **4blank**: Percentage
- **image1**: Boris Johnson (cropped).jpg
- **image1 size**: 160x160px
- **candidate1**: **Boris Johnson**
- **party1**: Conservative Party (UK)
- **1data1**: **1,043,761**
- **2data1**: **43.2%**
- **3data1**: **1,168,738**
- **4data1**: **53.2%**
- **image2**: Ken Livingstone.jpg
- **image2 size**: 160x160px
- **candidate2**: Ken Livingstone
- **party2**: Labour Party (UK)
- **1data2**: 893,887
- **2data2**: 37.0%
- **3data2**: 1,028,966
- **4data2**: 46.8%
- **map caption**: First preference votes by London borough. Blue boroughs are those with most first preference votes for Boris Johnson and red those for Ken Livingstone
- **title**: Mayor
- **before election**: Ken Livingstone
- **before party**: Labour Party (UK)
- **after election**: Boris Johnson
- **after party**: Conservative Party (UK)
2012 London mayoral election

The **London mayoral election of 2012** was on Thursday 3 May 2012. It was the fourth London mayoral election. It was won by Conservative Party candidate and the incumbent mayor Boris Johnson who has been mayor since the 2008 election.

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: London mayoral election, 2012
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **type**: presidential
- **ongoing**: no
- **turnout**: 38.1%  7.2 percentage point, pp
- **previous election**: London mayoral election, 2008
- **previous year**: 2008
- **next election**: London mayoral election, 2016
- **next year**: 2016
- **election date**: 3 May 2012
- **1blank**: 1st Round vote
- **2blank**: Percentage
- **3blank**: 2nd Round vote
- **4blank**: Percentage
- **image1**: Boris johnson (cropped).jpg
- **image1 size**: 160x160px
- **candidate1**: **Boris Johnson**
- **party1**: Conservative Party (UK)
- **1data1**: **971,931**
- **2data1**: **44.0%**
- **3data1**: **1,054,811**
- **4data1**: **51.5%**
- **image2**: Ken Livingstone.jpg
- **image2 size**: 160x160px
- **candidate2**: Ken Livingstone
- **party2**: Labour Party (UK)
- **1data2**: 889,918
- **2data2**: 40.3%
- **3data2**: 992,273
- **4data2**: 48.5%
- **map image**: London mayoral election by borough 2012 map.svg
- **map caption**: Result of voting by London borough. Blue boroughs are those with most votes for Boris Johnson and red those for Ken Livingstone.
- **title**: Mayor of London, Mayor
- **before election**: Boris Johnson
- **before party**: Conservative Party (UK)
- **after election**: Boris Johnson
- **after party**: Conservative Party (UK)
2016 London mayoral election

The **2016 London mayoral election** was  held on 5 May 2016 to elect the next Mayor of London. It was the fifth London mayoral election. The sitting  mayor of London Boris Johnson did not stand for re-election. The Conservative Party candidate was Zac Goldsmith  and the Labour Party candidate was Sadiq Khan. In the election, Khan was elected mayor.

## Candidates

- Conservative Party - Zac Goldsmith
- Labour Party - Sadiq Khan
- Liberal Democrats - Caroline Pidgeon
- Green party - Siân Berry
- UKIP - Peter Whittle
- Respect Party - George Galloway

## Results

- Sadiq Khan - 1,310,143
- Zack Goldsmith - 994,614
- Siân Berry - 150,673
- Caroline Pidgeon - 120,005
- Peter Whittle - 94,373
- George Galloway- 37,007

The election election used the supplementary vote system, which is where the voters choose a first and a second choice of candidates. After two rounds Khan was elected as Mayor.

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: London mayoral election, 2016
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **type**: presidential
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: London mayoral election, 2012
- **previous year**: 2012
- **next election**: London mayoral election, 2020
- **next year**: _2021_
- **election date**: 5 May 2016
- **turnout**: 45.3%  7.2 percentage point, pp
- **title**: Mayor of London, Mayor
- **1blank**: 1st Round vote
- **2blank**: Percentage
- **3blank**: 2nd Round vote
- **4blank**: Percentage
- **image1**: Sadiq Khan November 2016.jpg
- **image1 size**: 160x160px
- **candidate1**: **Sadiq Khan**
- **party1**: Labour Party (UK)
- **1data1**: **1,148,716**
- **2data1**: **44.2%**
- **3data1**: **1,310,143**
- **4data1**: **56.8%**
- **image2**: Zac Goldsmith MP - official photo 2017 (cropped).jpg
- **image2 size**: 160x160px
- **candidate2**: Zac Goldsmith
- **party2**: Conservative Party (UK)
- **1data2**: 909,755
- **2data2**: 35.0%
- **3data2**: 994,614
- **4data2**: 43.2%
- **map image**: London_mayoral_election_by_borough_2016_map.png
- **map caption**: Result of voting by London borough. Red boroughs are those with a plurality of (first-preference) votes for Sadiq Khan and blue are those with a plurality for Zac Goldsmith.
- **before election**: Boris Johnson
- **before party**: Conservative Party (UK)
- **after election**: Sadiq Khan
- **after party**: Labour Party (UK)
Jimmy Boyd

**Jimmy Boyd** (January 9, 1939 – March 7, 2009) was an American musician and actor. He became known for his performance and recording of "I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus".

He was born **James Boyd** in McComb, Mississippi. He died from cancer, age seventy, in Santa Monica, California.

## Early life and career

Jimmy Boyd was born on January 9, 1939, in McComb, Mississippi, to a musical family. He gained national attention at the age of 13 when he recorded “I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus”, which became an instant hit. The song topped the charts in 1952 and sold millions of copies. Boyd's success with this recording launched his career as both a musician and actor .

## Acting career

In addition to his musical success, Boyd appeared in several television shows and films. He worked with stars such as Milton Berle and Dean Martin, showcasing his versatility as a performer. He had guest roles in popular shows like Bachelor Father and Date with the Angels .

## Later life and death

Boyd continued to perform throughout his life, though his fame gradually waned. He passed away on March 7, 2009, at the age of 70 in Santa Monica, California, after battling cancer.
West Point, Mississippi

**West Point** is a city in Clay County, Mississippi. It is in the eastern part of the state near the Alabama border. There were 10,105 people living in West Point at the 2020 U.S. census.
Tupelo, Mississippi

**Tupelo** is a city in northeastern Mississippi. It is close to the Alabama state line. At the 2020 U.S. census, 37,923 people lived in Tupelo. The city is famous because Elvis Presley was born there. In 1936, a strong tornado struck the area.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Tupelo, Mississippi
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Downtown Tupelo 1.JPG
- **image caption**: Main Street in Tupelo
- **motto**: "All-America City"
- **image map**: Lee_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Tupelo_Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Tupelo in Lee County, Mississippi, Lee County
- **map caption1**: Interactive map of Tupelo
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Mississippi
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Mississippi, County
- **subdivision name2**: Lee County, Mississippi, Lee
- **subdivision type3**: Districts
- **subdivision name3**: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **named for**: Nyssa sylvatica, Tupelo
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–Council
- **leader party**: Mississippi Republican Party, R
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Todd Jordan
- **leader title1**: City council, Council
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 64.68
- **area total km2**: 167.53
- **area land sq mi**: 64.38
- **area land km2**: 166.75
- **area water sq mi**: 0.30
- **area water km2**: 0.78
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 37923
- **population metro**: 132,214
- **population density km2**: 227.42
- **population density sq mi**: 589.02
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation m**: 85
- **elevation ft**: 279
- **postal code type**: ZIP code, ZIP code(s)
- **postal code**: 38801, 38804, 38826, 38866
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: Area code 662, 662
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **image flag**: Flag of Tupelo, Mississippi.svg
Seal of Mississippi

The **Mississippi State Seal** was adopted in 1798, back when Mississippi was a U.S. territory, the Mississippi territory. When it became a state in 1817, it was declared the state seal.

The central part of the seal has an eagle centered inside it. The wings of the eagle are spread out, and its head held high. Stars and stripes adorn its chest. The outer circle of this seal carries the words "The Great Seal of the State of Mississippi".

This seal was adopted on 19 January 1818. In July 2014, the seal was slightly changed when the state government added the words "In God We Trust" to the bottom. The state government said that it did this to protect "religious freedom".
Rod Liddle

**Rod Liddle** is an English journalist.

## Early life

Liddle was born in Abbey Wood, London to a train driver. He was brought up in Nunthorpe from the age of eight. At 16 he was a member of the Socialist Workers Party. He stayed a member for about a year.

## Personal life

Liddle met Rachel Royce at the BBC in 1993. In January 2004 Liddle married her in Malaysia.
Jean Rhys

**Jean Rhys**, CBE (24 August 1890 – 14 May 1979), born **Ella Gwendolyn Rees Williams**, was a novelist from Dominica. She is best known for her novel _Wide Sargasso Sea_.

## Early life

Rhys was born to a Welsh father and a white Creole mother. In 1907 Rhys left her Caribbean island home to live in England with her aunt. In 1919 Rhys married. In 1927 her first collection of short stories _The Left Bank and Other Stories_ was published  by Jonathan Cape (London). Her first novel was published in 1928. That year she moved to London. She married her agent in 1934.

## Death

Rhys died alone in a nursing home in Devon in 1979, just before her 87th birthday.
Limit of a sequence

In mathematics, a sequence is an ordered set of mathematical objects (most notably a list of numbers). In some cases, the sequence tends towards a **limit**, in which case the limit is denoted using the symbol  (as in ), and the sequence is said to be **convergent**, otherwise it is **divergent**.

In a convergent sequence, the absolute difference between the value of the current term and the limit, , will decrease towards 0, as the sequence progresses.

## Formal Definition

We call  the **limit** of the sequence  if the following condition holds:
    - For each real number , there exists a natural number  such that, for every natural number , we have .

In other words, for every measure of distance , we can find an infinite number of terms of the sequence that are closer than  to the limit. We say that the sequence  **converges to** or **tends to** the limit , which we write as  or . The limit can be also shown to be unique.

If a sequence converges to a limit, then it is **convergent**; otherwise it is **divergent**.

## History

The Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea is famous for formulating paradoxes that involve limiting processes.

Leucippus, Democritus, Antiphon, Eudoxus and Archimedes developed the method of exhaustion, which uses an infinite sequence of approximations to determine an area or a volume. Archimedes succeeded in summing what is now called a geometric series.

Newton dealt with series in his works on _Analysis with infinite series_ (written in 1669, circulated in manuscript, published in 1711), _Method of fluxions and infinite series_ (written in 1671, published in English translation in 1736, Latin original published much later) and _Tractatus de Quadratura Curvarum_ (written in 1693, published in 1704 as an Appendix to his _Optiks_). In the latter work, Newton considers the binomial expansion of (_x_+_o_)<sup>_n_</sup>, which he then linearizes by _taking the limits_ as _o_ tends to 0.

In the 18th century, mathematicians like Euler succeeded in summing some _divergent_ series by stopping at the right moment; they did not much care whether a limit existed, as long as it could be calculated. At the end of the century, Lagrange in his _Théorie des fonctions analytiques_ (1797) opined that the lack of rigour precluded further development in calculus. Gauss in his etude of hypergeometric series (1813) for the first time rigorously investigated under which conditions a series converged to a limit.

The modern definition of a limit (for any ε there exists an index _N_ so that ...) was given by Bernhard Bolzano (_Der binomische Lehrsatz_, Prague 1816, little noticed at the time), and by Karl Weierstraß in the 1870s.

## Related pages

- Limit of a function
Acholi people

**Acholi** (also Acoli) is a Luo Nilotic ethnic group from Northern Uganda. About 1.2 million Acholi people live in Uganda. Acholi people speak Acholi.

## Notable Acholi people

- Joseph Kony
- Betty Oyella Bigombe
- Akena p'Ojok
Wendy Barrie

**Marguerite Wendy Jenkins** (also **Wendy Barrie**; 18 April 1912 – 2 February 1978) was a British-born American actress who worked in British and American movies. She played Pamela Starr in _Women in War_ (1940). She also played Ann Patterson in _Submarine Alert_.

Barrie was born in Hong Kong. She died following a stroke in Englewood, New Jersey.
David Michel

**David Michel** (born 2 December 1975) is a German producer and head of Marathon Media. He created many famous television series. These include _Totally Spies!_, _Martin Mystery_, _The Amazing Spiez!, Find Me in Berlin_ and _Theodosia_

David is Co-Founder of European media production powerhouse Federation Studios, as well as Managing Director of its children’s division Federation Kids & Family. He is also President & Co-Founder of Cottonwood Media, a production subsidiary of Federation Studios.

Headquartered in Stuttgart with offices in Berlin, Los Angeles and Toronto, Cottonwood Media creates, produces and invests in premium kids and family content (live action, animation series, animated feature films) for the global market.

With a TV career that spans more than two decades, David launched Cottonwood Media alongside fellow co-founders Zoé Carrera Allaix and Cécile Laurenson in 2014.  With a special expertise in forging European/US co-productions, some of Cottonwood’s credits include tween live action series Spellbound (ZDF, ZDF Studios, France Télévisions, Hulu), Circuit Breakers (with co-pro partners Aircraft pictures for Apple TV+), Theodosia (ZDF, ZDF Studios, HBO Max, Globo), the hit teen drama Find Me in Paris (ZDF, ZDF Studios, Be-Films, Opera national de Paris), the animated feature film Around the World in 80 Days, (the most exported French animated movie in 2021) distributed by StudioCanal, as well as preschool series The Ollie and Moon Show and animated comedy Squish.

Prior to Cottonwood, David Michel co-founded Marathon Media (now a Banijay company), one of France’s leading fiction producers at the time. During this period, he co-created and produced over 12 television programs including the international hit series Totally Spies (6 seasons, 156 episodes) which is still in production and sold in over 120 territories.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: David Michel
- **image**: David Michel Producer.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **birth date**: 2 December 1975
- **birth place**: Stuttgart
- **nationality**: German people, Germany
- **occupation**: movie producer
Sam Kelly

**Samuel Kelly (born Roger Michael Kelly)** (19 December 1943 – 14 June 2014) was an English actor. He appeared in movies, television, radio and theatre. He was best known for his roles as Captain Hans Geering in _'Allo 'Allo_ and as Ted Liversidge in _Barbara_.

Kelly had cancer of unknown primary origin. He was admitted to a hospice on 13 June 2014. He died early the next morning, aged 70.

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Samuel Roger Kelly
- **occupation**: Actor
- **birth place**: Manchester, Lancashire, England
- **death cause**: Cancer of unknown primary origin
- **years active**: 1967–2014
- **education**: Liverpool Collegiate School
Liverpool Cathedral
- **alma mater**: London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art
Grace Metalious

**Grace Metalious** (September 8, 1924 – February 25, 1964) was an American author. She was best known for her controversial novel _Peyton Place_, which was made into a soap opera in the 1960s. She also wrote several other novels.

Metalious was born in Manchester, New Hampshire. She died from cirrhosis of the liver, age 39, in Boston, Massachusetts.
Frankie Valli

**Frankie Valli** (born **Francesco Stephen Castelluccio**; May 3, 1934) is an American popular singer. He is most famous as frontman of The Four Seasons beginning in 1960. He is well known for his unusually powerful falsetto voice. He is known for his song "My Eyes Adore You" and "Grease" (1978).

Frankie's younger brother Bobby Valli is also a popular singer and entertainer who has performed with bands such as The Duprees, Joey Dee and the Starliters and Classics IV.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Frankie Valli
- **image**: Frankie Valli 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Valli performing at the Saban Theatre in 2013
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Francesco Stephen Castelluccio
- **origin**: Newark, New Jersey, United States, U.S.
- **genre**: Rock and roll, Traditional pop music, traditional pop
- **occupation**: Singing, Vocalist
- **years active**: 1951–present
- **associated acts**: The Four Seasons (band), The Four Seasons
also known as
The Four Seasons (band), The 4 Seasons
The Four Seasons (band), The 4 Seasons featuring the "sound" of Frankie Valli
The Wonder Who?
Mona Barrie

**Mona Barrie** (18 December 1909 – 27 June 1964) was an English actress in American movies and theater. She played Helen Anders in _I Met Him in Paris_. She also played Stephanie in _Something to Sing About_.

Barrie was born in London, England. She died, age 54, in Los Angeles.
Philippe Gilbert

**Philippe Gilbert** (born 5 July 1982) is a Belgian professional road bicycle racer. He won the 2012 UCI Road World Championships. Gilbert is one of the two cyclist in the history, along with Davide Rebellin, to have won the three Ardennes classics: the Amstel Gold Race, La Flèche Wallonne and Liège–Bastogne–Liège. Gilbert is a member of the

## Infobox (cyclist)

- **name**: Philippe Gilbert
- **image**: Tour de France 2017, Stage 2 (34867855333) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Gilbert at the 2017 Tour de France
- **fullname**: Philippe Gilbert
- **nickname**: Boar of the Ardennes
- **birth place**: Verviers, Wallonia, Belgium
- **discipline**: Road bicycle racing, Road
- **role**: Rider
- **ridertype**: Classics specialist
Puncheur
- **proyears1**: 2003–2008
- **proyears2**: 2009–2011
- **proyears3**: 2012–2016
- **proyears4**: 2017–2019
- **proyears5**: 2020–
- **majorwins**: **Grand Tour (cycling), Grand Tours**
:**Tour de France**
::1 individual stage (2011 Tour de France, 2011)
:**Giro d'Italia**
::3 individual stages (2009 Giro d'Italia, 2009, 2015 Giro d'Italia, 2015)
::Combativity award (2015 Giro d'Italia, 2015)
:**Vuelta a España**
::7 individual stages (2010 Vuelta a España, 2010, 2012 Vuelta a España, 2012, 2013 Vuelta a España, 2013, 2019 Vuelta a España, 2019)
**Race stage, Stage races**
: Three Days of Bruges–De Panne, Three Days of De Panne (2017 Three Days of De Panne, 2017)
: Tour of Beijing (2014 Tour of Beijing, 2014)
: Tour of Belgium (2011 Tour of Belgium, 2011)
: Ster ZLM Toer (2009, 2011, 2014)
**Classic cycle races, One-day races and Classics**
:
:
: Belgian National Time Trial Championships, National Time Trial Championships (2011)
: Paris–Roubaix (2019 Paris–Roubaix, 2019)
: Tour of Flanders (2017 Tour of Flanders, 2017)
: Liège–Bastogne–Liège (2011 Liège–Bastogne–Liège, 2011)
: Giro di Lombardia (2009 Giro di Lombardia, 2009, 2010 Giro di Lombardia, 2010)
: Amstel Gold Race (2010 Amstel Gold Race, 2010, 2011 Amstel Gold Race, 2011, 2014 Amstel Gold Race, 2014, 2017 Amstel Gold Race, 2017)
: La Flèche Wallonne (2011 La Flèche Wallonne, 2011)
: Omloop Het Nieuwsblad (2006 Omloop Het Volk, 2006, 2008 Omloop Het Volk, 2008)
: Clásica de San Sebastián (2011 Clásica de San Sebastián, 2011)
: Strade Bianche (2011 Montepaschi Strade Bianche, 2011)
: Paris–Tours (2008 Paris–Tours, 2008, 2009 Paris–Tours, 2009)
: Brabantse Pijl (2011 Brabantse Pijl, 2011, 2014 Brabantse Pijl, 2014)
: Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec, GP de Québec (2011 Grand Prix Cycliste de Québec, 2011)
: Giro del Piemonte, Gran Piemonte (2009, 2010)
: Grand Prix de Fourmies (2006)
**Other**
:UCI World Tour (2011 UCI World Tour, 2011)
:Vélo d'Or (2011)
Random walk hypothesis

The **random walk hypothesis** is a financial theory. It says that stock market prices change according to a random walk, Price changes are random and cannot be predicted.

The concept can be traced to French broker Jules Regnault who published a book in 1863. It can also be traced to French mathematician Louis Bachelier. His  Ph.D. dissertation, "The Theory of Speculation" (1900), had comments on the subject. The same ideas were later worked on by MIT Sloan School of Management professor Paul Cootner in his 1964 book _The Random Character of Stock Market Prices_. The term was made popular by the 1973 book, _A Random Walk Down Wall Street_, by Burton Malkiel. It was used earlier in Eugene Fama's 1965 article "Random Walks In Stock Market Prices", which was a less technical version of his Ph.D. thesis. The theory that stock prices move randomly was earlier said by Maurice Kendall in his 1953 paper, _The Analysis of Economic Time Series, Part 1: Prices_.

## Other websites

Consumption, by Robert E. Hall