juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
I WiSH

**I WiSH** was a Japanese music group. Members were: ai and nao. Ai is the vocal and plays piano. Nao plays piano　and keyboard. They were famous　for "Asueno Tobira", but this group ended in 2005.

## Other websites

- I WISH Official site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: I WiSH
- **origin**: Tokyo, Japan
- **years active**: 2002–2005, 2008
Dragon Ash

is a Japanese band. "Life goes on" is one of their popular songs.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Dragon Ash
- **img capt**: Dragon Ash in 2005
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Tokyo, Japan
- **genre**: Alternative rock
Drum and bass
Hip hop music, Hip Hop
Reggae
- **years active**: 1997–present
- **label**: Victor Entertainment
- **url**: [http://dragonash.co.jp/ dragonash.co.jp]
- **past members**: Kenji Furuya
Ikuzo Baba
Makoto Sakurai
Bots
Hiroki
Atsushi
Dri-V
Masaharu Fukuyama

**Masaharu Fukuyama** is a Japanese singer and movie and television actor. He is from Nagasaki, Kyūshū. One of his most well-known songs is "Sakurazaka".

## Other websites

- Fukuyama Masaharu Official web site
Okonomiyaki

is a Japanese food dish of a pan-fried batter cake and different ingredients including meat, seafood, and vegetables. Most okonomiyaki has cabbage in it.

The name of this dish means "cook what you like". _Okonomiyaki_ is mainly associated with Kansai or Hiroshima, but is widely available throughout the country.

_Okonomiyaki_ is the popular food in Japan. In postwar Hiroshima, _okonomiyaki_ was invented to save a few wheat flour  and vegetables (for example, cabbage, bean sprout, green onion and so on.) because foods are shortage. It is called "_okonomiyaki _(fried liking foods)" because people made _okonomiyaki_ to include their favorite foods in the past.

## How to make it

First, you cook mixed water and wheat flour and shape like a thin circle.

Second, you put cabbage, pork , other toppings and _tempura_ bits and turn it over.

Third, you put fried noodles on it.

Fourth, you shape egg like a thin circle and put it below.

Fifth, you turn it over and put sauce and green laver on it.
Advent

The Season of **Advent** begins on a Sunday about four weeks before Christmas Day. It is celebrated by most Christian Churches, as well as some other Christian communities.

Not all Christian people remember Advent. Some people use it as a time of fasting, study, meditation and prayer.

## What is it?

Advent is a time when some Christians prepare for two things. The first is the coming of the baby Jesus and the Christmas holiday. The other is the Second Coming of Jesus.

Generally, Advent is a time when many people are very busy in preparation for Christmas Day, cleaning and decorating, buying food and gifts, writing cards and letters, and cooking the Christmas feast.

## Calendars & candles

Special Advent calendars are made for children, with pictures or treats for each day of Advent.

Some churches use special candles during Advent. In many countries it is very common to have an advent wreath with 4 candles. Every advent Sunday, one candle more will be lighted, so that on Advent 4th all 4 candles are burning. The bright wreath and candles symbolize Jesus bringing light to Christmas.
Pirog

**Pyrih**  (the plural is _pyrohy_) is a Ukrainian pie that can have either a sweet or savory filling. In Russia and Belarus it is called **pirog** (plural is _pirogi_).

## Pastry

Pyrih (pirog) is usually made from yeast-raised dough, but can also be made from shortcrust or puff pastry. Pyrohy or pirogi are full-sized pies, while pyrizhky or pirozhki are smaller-sized pies that can be eaten with one hand.

The standard shape for pyrohy is oblong with tapering ends, but rectangular or circular pyrohy are also common. They can be closed or open-faced with no crust on top (like a tart).

## Filling

The filling for pyrohy may be sweet and contain cottage cheese, or fruits like apple, plums or various berries. Savory versions may consist of meat, fish, mushrooms, cabbage, buckwheat groats or potato. In Ukrainian and Russian cuisines, pyrohy with a savory filling are traditionally served (like pirozhki) together with borscht, or soup.

## Recipes

- Pyrih with fish
- Ukrainian Pyrih with Cabbage filling
- Ukrainian Vegetable and Meat Pastry Pyrih
- Ukrainian Easter Cheesecake with Raisins (Syrnyi Pyrih)
Queens' College, Cambridge

**Queens' College** is one of the colleges that make up the University of Cambridge in England. It was first founded in 1448 by Margaret of Anjou (the Queen of Henry VI), and refounded in 1465 by Elizabeth Woodville (the Queen of Edward IV). This is why the name of the college is spelt Queens' and not Queen's: it was founded by two queens.

The _President's Lodge_ of Queens' is the oldest building on the river at Cambridge, dating from about 1460.

The college is on both sides of the river Cam. A bridge joins the two parts. This bridge is always called the "Mathematical Bridge". The students call the older part of the college "The Dark Side" and the newer part "The Light Side".

Many people take photographs of the college. There is a story that the bridge was designed and built by Sir Isaac Newton without the use of nuts or bolts. The story says that once some students tried to take the bridge apart and put it back together again, but were unable to do so. That is why they had to put nuts and bolts in which can be seen today. The story is not true. The bridge was built in 1749, after Newton had died. It was never taken apart although it was rebuilt twice.

Stephen Fry is one of many famous people who have studied there.

## Other websites

- Queens' College website
Peace and Truce of God

The **Peace of God** was a movement that was begun by bishops in southern France around 990 CE to limit the violence against property and the unarmed. The Carolingian Empire had collapsed, and the nobles were usually fighting with each other.

The **Truce of God** extended the Peace of God by setting aside certain days of the week on which violence was not allowed. Where the Peace of God limited violence against the church and the poor, the Truce of God was about preventing or limiting fighting between Christians, especially knights.
Desmoxytes purpurosea

The **shocking pink dragon millipede** (also called the **dragon millipede** (_Desmoxytes purpurosea_) is a millipede which has a bright pink color on its spiny body). It is very toxic. They have glands that release cyanide to protect them from predators.

The millipede has glands that produce hydrogen cyanide to protect it from predators, a fact advertised by its aposematic color. Because it produces cyanide, it smells like almonds.

It is one of a thousand new spcies found in the Greater Mekong region in the last ten years. It can be found at the Tai side of the Mekong river.
Scholarship

A **scholarship** is financial help (money) given to someone who wants to study. Scholarships can be given by schools or by universities or colleges or any other institution where people can study or where research needs to be done.  It is similar to a bursary.

There are very many kinds of scholarships.  Some scholarships will cover all the tuition fees (money that the student needs to pay to study), others may just help towards the tuition fees.  Some scholarships may include money for other things such as food and accommodation.

Sometimes the students are expected to do something in return for having a scholarship.  They may, for example, be expected to do some particular work after they finish their studies, or they may need to help the institution in some way.  Quite often the amount of money a student gets will depend on how much money the family has.

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women says that scholarship must be equally given for girls without discrimination.

## Related pages

- Choral scholar
- Right to education
Great egret

The **great egret** (_Ardea alba_) (also known an the **common egret**, **large egret**, **great white egret**, or **great white heron**) is a large wading bird found worldwide.

It is the second-largest member of the heron family in America (second only to the great blue heron). It lives in mudflats, tidal shallows marshes, lakes, rivers and flooded paddy fields. It winters in the south down to Colombia. The great egret flies with slow wing beats and has a deep, croaking call. It is 90-102 cm long.

## Diet

The great egret eats fish, lizards, frogs, crayfish, small rodents, and insects. It often hunts in shallow water, usually impaling the prey on its long, sharp bill.

## Egg and nests

The great egret's nest is a platform of twigs and sticks that is built in trees or on the ground. Females lay 3-5 pale blue-green eggs in each clutch (a set of eggs laid at one time). The incubation period of the eggs is 23–26 days.

## References

Birds of the Indian Subcontinent-2010, Oxford University Press, Richard Grimmett, Carol Inskipp, Tim Inskipp
Leeds Triennial Festival

The **Leeds Triennial Festival** was a festival of music held in the town of Leeds, Yorkshire in England.  The festival started in the 19th century at a time when very large choirs were in fashion.  Although there is now no festival called the Leeds Triennial Festival the town of Leeds continues to put on music festivals.

## History

On 7 September 1858 Queen Victoria opened the new Town Hall in Leeds.  It was a very large building, big enough for an audience of 4000 and a choir of 400 singers. The composer Sterndale Bennett conducted an orchestra and choir at the opening performance.

Although “triennial” means something that happens every three years, the next festival did not happen until 1874.  In 1880 the first festival called the Leeds Triennial Festival was conducted by Arthur Sullivan.  These festivals were very famous internationally because a lot of famous composers were asked to write new works for choir and to come and conduct them.  Composers such as Raff, Dvorak, Massenet,  Humperdinck, Parry, Stanford, Elgar and Sullivan himself all wrote new works for the festival.

Later in the 20th century many famous musicians continued to be associated with the festival including Benjamin Britten and Aaron Copland.

Although the last Leeds Triennial Festival took place in 1985 both the Festival Chorus and the Leeds Philharmonic Chorus continue to perform at the Leeds International Concert Season in the Town Hall.

## Other websites

- A short history of the Leeds Triennial Festival
Trimeresurus trigonocephalus

The **Trimeresurus trigonocephalus**, commonly known as the "_Sri Lankan Green Pit viper_", is a species of venomous Pit vipers found in Sri Lanka. There are no subspecies currently recognized.

## Description

Males are smaller than females who can grow to the length of around 130 cm, while males can grow up to the length of 80 cm. They are green in color, and their back has some shades of yellow, they also have black stripes all over them and have a black tail.

## Behavior

The Sri Lankan Green Pit viper is nocturnal and arboreal (it lives in trees), but can sometimes be found on the ground looking for food like frogs, lizards, and small mammals, it also eats birds which it finds in the trees. In the morning Sri Lankan Green Pit vipers can be seen on top of trees so they can warm up their body with the sun rays that hit them.

### Reproduction

The Sri Lankan Green Pit viper is viviparous, meaning they give live birth. They give birth to their young during June and July. The have around 5 to 25 young at a time.

### Where they live

They are found in grasslands and rain forests of Sri Lanka

## Common Names

The Sri Lankan Green Pit viper is also known as the "_Pala Polonga_" and the "_Green Pit viper_".

## Venom

The venom of the Sri Lankan Green Pit viper is hemotoxic. The bite of a Sri Lakan Green Pit viper is very painful, when someone is bitten by a Sri Lankan Green Pit viper the bitten area swells up, and the pain may last for a few days. The cells of living tissue die, blisters occur, and ptosis and lymphadenopathy take place. However, there have been no reports on deaths.
Venomous snake

A **venomous snake** is a snake that uses venom (poison) on prey to stop them and for self-defense.

## Families

Over 600 species are known to be venomous -- less than one fifth of all snake species.

|bgcolor="#f0f0f0" style="width:30%"|Family|bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Description|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Atractaspididae (Atractaspidids)|Burrowing asp, Mole viper, Stiletto snake.|||
|Colubridae (Colubrids)|Most are harmless, but others have toxic saliva and at least five species, including the Boomslang (_Dispholidus typus_), have caused human fatalities.|||
|Elapidae (Elapids)|Cobra, Coral snake, Krait, Mamba, Sea snake,  Sea krait and Australian elapid.|||
|Viperidae (Viperids)|True viper and Pit viper, including Rattlesnake and Albany Adder.|||

## Other websites

- For goodness snakes Treating and Preventing Venomous Bites.
- Venomous Snakes  Pictures, videos and description of the most venomous snakes in the world.
- Venomous snakes and outdoor workers Bite-prevention and treatment information for outdoor workers.
- Snakes World  here is a deep knowledge related to all types of snakes
Yoxall

**Yoxall** is a town in Staffordshire, England, UK. The river Swabourne flows through the town and it is close to the A515 road.
Trimeresurus jerdonii

***Trimeresurus jerdonii*** is a venomous pitviper species found in India (Assam), Burma, Tibet, China and Vietnam. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including this one.

## Where they are found

Found from Assam in India, through northern Burma to Tibet, China (Hupeh, Szechwan and Yunnan) and Vietnam. The type locality given is "Khasi Hills, India._

## What they look like

Males grow to a maximum total length of 835 mm with a tail length of 140 mm; females 990 mm with a tail length of females 160 mm.

## Subspecies

|bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Subspecies|bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Taxon author|bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name Jerdon's pit viper._|bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Geographic range|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|_T. j. bourreti_|Klemmer, 1963|Bourret's pitviper|style="width:40%"|Northwestern Vietnam (in the provinces of Lao Cai and Lai Chau, and possibly also in adjascent China (Yunnan).||||
|_T. j. jerdonii_|Günther, 1875|Jerdon's pitviper|Southwestern China (in the provinces of southern Xizang (Tibet), western Sichuan and Yunnan), northeastern India, Burma (Chin and Kachin state), and northeastern Nepal.|||||
|_T. j. xanthomelas_|Günther, 1889|Red spotted pitviper|Central and southern China, in the provinces of Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei and Guangxi.|||||
AXXo

**aXXo** is the Internet alias of an individual or group, who has been allegedly harassed by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) for copyright infringement. He is famous for converting DVD movies into computer files that can be uploaded into the Internet and be downloaded by other people for free.
Ernest Moeran

**Ernest Moeran** (born Heston, Middlesex, England, 31 December 1894; died 1 December 1950) was an English composer.

## Early life

Moeran (pronounce: “MORE-an”) was born in Heston, to the west of London.  His father was an  Irish clergyman.  Ernest spent most of his childhood living on the coast of Norfolk.  He learned to play the violin and the piano.  At first he was taught at home by a  governess.  When he was ten he went to school.  In 1908, he went to Uppingham School where he spent five years.  When he left school in 1913 he started to study piano and composition at the Royal College of Music with Charles Villiers Stanford.

## War service

Moeran’s studies at the Royal College of Music were interrupted after 18 months because of the start of World War I.  He joined the army as a despatch rider but he was soon badly injured in the head and could no longer fight in the army.    After the war he did some music teaching, but then he started to study music again.  His teacher this time was John Ireland who had been a pupil of Moeran’s earlier teacher Stanford.

## Composing music

After these studies his music started to be performed a lot.  His _First Rhapsody_ for orchestra was performed several times, including in 1924 by the Hallé Orchestra conducted by Hamilton Harty.  He was asked to compose a symphony for the Hallé Orchestra, but he preferred to write shorter pieces, especially chamber music and piano music.   In 1931 he wrote a _String Trio_ which is one of his best works.

Moeran became interested in folk music.  He liked to go to country pubs and listen to the people singing there.  He collected about 150 folk songs in Norfolk and Suffolk and made many arrangements of them.

By the mid-1920s, Moeran had become close friends with Peter Warlock.  They lived together and often went out drinking together.  Moeran gradually became an alcoholic.

In 1945, after Warlock had died, Moeran married the cellist Peers Coetmore. The marriage was not very happy although it helped Moeran to compose some of his best pieces:  the _Cello Concerto_ and _Cello Sonata_.

Moeran was found drowned in the River Kenmare.  At first people thought he had committed suicide but then it was found that he had had a heart attack and died before he fell into the water.

## His music

Moeran’s music is influenced by folk song.  His harmonies are often like those of Delius.  He was also influenced by Vaughan Williams, Holst, Bax, John Ireland and Peter Warlock.  For many years he concentrated on piano music, songs and chamber music, but in his later years he wrote larger works such as the Symphony in G minor (1934-7) and his Concertos for the Violin and the Cello.

## Other websites

- The Worldwide Moeran Database by Andrew Rose, including a more detailed biography and a complete list of works.
Despatch rider

A **despatch rider** is someone in the army who delivers messages ("despatch" or "dispatch" means "to send someone or something off on a journey").  A despatch rider either rides a horse or a motorcycle.

Despatch riders were used by armies to send messages between headquarters and the fighting soldiers.  They might be delivering reports, but sometimes they took urgent messages which were often secret.  It was a very dangerous job.  Travelling between the lines of fighting armies the despatch rider could easily be blown up by a mine, shot by gunfire, or captured by the enemy.

Despatch riders always used to ride on horseback.  In the 20th century they usually rode motorcycles.  They were used a lot in World War I and even in World War II, although by the end of World War II electronic communications and cryptography had improved so that despatch riders were rarer.

## Other websites

- Despatch riders
The Ting Tings

**The Ting Tings** are an English duo Pop-Retro rock indie band formed in England in 2004. They are famous for the studio album _We Started Nothing_ and famous for the hit pop singles _Shut Up and Let Me Go_, _Great DJ_, _That's Not My Name_, and _Be The One_. The pop band is only a 2 member band with Katie White and Jules De Martino. The band members met whilst at Leeds University.

### Albums

- May 2008 - _We Started Nothin_

### Singles

- _That's Not My Name / Great DJ_ from _We Started Nothin_ (May 2008)
- _Fruit Machine_ from _We Started Nothin_ (2007 [originally 2008])
- _Great DJ (Re-Release)_ from _We Started Nothin_ (Feb-March 2008)
- _That's Not My Name (Re-Release)_ from _We Started Nothin_ (2008)
- _Shut Up and Let Me Go_ from _We Started Nothin_ (July 2008)
- _Be The One_ from _We Stated Nothin_ (October 2008)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Ting Tings
- **img**: Ting_Tings_Toronto.jpg
- **img capt**: The Ting Tings performing at the Mod Club Theatre in Toronto, March 2009
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Salford, Greater Manchester, England
- **genre**: Indie pop, indie rock, dance-punk, synthpunk, indietronica, New Wave music, New Wave, post-punk revival
- **years active**: 2004–present
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia, Switchflicker Records, Switchflicker, Roc Nation
- **associated acts**: TKO, Babakoto, Mojo Pin, Dear Eskiimo
- **current members**: Katie White
Jules de Martino
We Started Nothing

***We Started Nothing*** is an album recorded by Pop duo The Ting Tings. Singles include "Shut Up and Let Me Go", and "Be The One". The studio album was released May 2008. The album was also released as a limited edition LP on red vinyl limited to 2,000 copies.

## Track Listing

1. "Great DJ"
1. "That's Not My Name"
1. "Fruit Machine"
1. "Traffic Light"
1. "Shut Up and Let Me Go"
1. "Keep You Head"
1. "Be The One"
1. "We Walk"
1. "Impacilla Carpisung"
1. "We Started Nothing"
Shut Up and Let Me Go

"**Shut Up and Let Me Go**" (aka: "**Shut Up & Let Me Go**") is the third single off the studio album _We Started Nothing_ by The Ting Tings. The song was released in the United Kingdom on July 21st of 2008, and was the follow-up to the number one hit single "That's Not My Name". The song was added to the coveted A-list of BBC Radio 1's playlist, and has received a substantial amount of airplay during the day on the station. The single peaked at number six in both the UK Singles Chart and the UK Download Chart.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Shut Up and Let Me Go
- **artist**: The Ting Tings
- **album**: We Started Nothing
- **released**: July 21, 2008 <small>(UK)</small>
August 8, 2008 <small>(Europe)</small>
- **recorded**: 2007
- **genre**: Indie rock
Dance-punk
- **length**: 2:54
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: Jules De Martino and Katie White
- **producer**: J. De Martino
- **chronology**: The Ting Tings UK
- **prev title**: That's Not My Name
- **prev year**: 2008
- **next title**: Be the One (The Ting Tings song), Be the One
- **next year**: 2008
1987 Sino-Indian skirmish

The **1987 Sino-Indian skirmish** occurred at Sumdorong Chu Valley. This was the second conflict between the PRC and India, with the previous one taking place a quarter of a century earlier.

The skirmish happened on the McMahon Line, which has marked the border of Tibet and India since 1914. Tibet has been occupied by China since 1951 and China disagrees with the line.

## Related pages

- Sino-Indian border dispute

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: 1987 Sino-Indian skirmish
- **casus**: **Indian**: People's Liberation Army invade into Indian territory in Arunachal Pradesh
- **image**: Arunachal Pradesh in India (disputed hatched).svg
- **caption**: The 1987 Sino-Indian skirmish occurred between the two Asian giants, China and India.
- **date**: Mid-1987
- **place**: Sumdorong Chu Valley, Arunachal Pradesh
- **result**: PLA withdraws from Arunachal Pradesh
- **commander1**: Unknown
- **commander2**: Gen. K. Sundarji
Longbridge Plant

**Longbridge Plant** is an automobile plant in Longbridge, Birmingham, West Midlands, England. Most of it was demolished in 2005 and 2007.
Curzon Street railway station

**Curzon Street railway station** is a former railroad station in Birmingham, United Kingdom. It opened in 1838 and became a goods yard in 1854.
Klamath River

The **Klamath River** flows through Oregon and northern California in the United States. It is  long. The river empties into the Pacific Ocean.

The Klamath is the second largest river in California after the Sacramento River.
Bandai

**Bandai Co., Ltd.** is a Japanese company that makes toys and video games. It is the third largest toy maker in the world.

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: Bandai Co.
- **logo**: Logo Bandai.svg
- **logo size**: 100px
- **company type**: Privately-held company, Private (subsidiary of Namco Bandai Holdings)
- **foundation**: July 5, 1950
- **location**: Taitō, Tokyo, Taitō, Tokyo, Japan
- **key people**: Kazunori Ueno, President
- **industry**: Toy, Toy Maker, Video game, Software & Programming, Movie, Movie production
- **products**: Gunpla, Gundam models, Super Sentai, Super Sentai models, Naruto (comic), Naruto Gachapon and Figurines, Tamagotchi, Digimon, plastic model kits
- **num employees**: 973 (as of March 31, 2005)
- **parent**: Namco Bandai Holdings, Inc. WarnerMedia
- **homepage**: [http://www.bandai.co.jp/ Bandai Japan]
 [http://www.bandai.co.uk/ Bandai UK]
 [http://www.bandai.com/ Bandai US]
 [http://www.bandaieurope.com/europe/index.php Bandai Europe]
[http://www.bandai-asia.com/ Bandai Asia]
Battle, East Sussex

**Battle** is a town in East Sussex, England, UK. It is known as this because it was the place where the Battle of Hastings was fought.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Battle
- **country**: England
- **region**: South East England
- **static image name**: Battle Sussex street.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>View along the high street towards the abbey</small>
- **area total km2**: 31.8
- **population**: 6171
- **population ref**: (2007)
- **os grid reference**: TQ747160
- **post town**: BATTLE
- **postcode area**: TN
- **postcode district**: TN33
- **dial code**: 01424
- **constituency westminster**: Bexhill and Battle (UK Parliament constituency), Bexhill and Battle
- **london distance**: Boxing the compass, NNW
- **shire district**: Rother
- **shire county**: East Sussex
- **website**: [http://www.battletowncouncil.org.uk/ Town Council]
Peter Warlock

**Peter Warlock** (born London, 30 October 1894; died London, 17 December 1930),  was an English composer. “Peter Warlock” was not his real name. His real name was **Philip Heseltine**. He was also a music critic. When he wrote about music he used his real name, but when he composed music he used the pseudonym (borrowed name) "Peter Warlock", which is the name by which he is usually remembered today.

## Life

Philip Heseltine did not come from a musical family. When he was two years old his father died. His mother married again and went back to live in Wales, where she came from. Philip went to school at Eton College.

He was still a teenager when he was introduced to the composer Delius, who lived in France. They became good friends and Philip made piano arrangements of some of Delius’s music. Later he wrote a book about Delius. He studied in Germany for a time, and then at Oxford where he studied classics. He learned about music by teaching himself. He did not fight in World War I. He was a conscientious objector, but also, his health was not good enough for him to be in the army.

He spent most of his life in London, but he did visit Ireland for a year, and also spent three years with his mother in Wales, and four years in Kent where he lived with Ernest Moeran. Heseltine and Moeran often got drunk together. He became friends with the composer Bernard van Dieren whose music influenced him a lot. He also liked poetry from the time of Queen Elizabeth I.

He died in his apartment from gas poisoning. It is not certain whether it was suicide, but he did let his cat out before he turned on the gas.

## His music

His music, written under the name of Peter Warlock, often has links with his literary writings. Some of the best works he wrote are his songs, especially the song-cycle _The Curlew_, which has lyrics from poems by W. B. Yeats. One of his most popular works is the _Capriol Suite_ for string orchestra.

Warlock wrote many carols, such as _Adam Lay Ybounden_, _Tyrley Tyrlow_, and _Bethlehem Down_.

Warlock was not influenced by folksong like many other English composers of the time. He liked many different styles, including  Renaissance music and the music of Bartók whom he met.

## Other websites

- The UK branch of the Peter Warlock Society website
Land mine

A **land mine** (called a "mine" when a naval mine is clearly not what is meant) is an explosive weapon that is put on the ground or just underneath the ground so that it explodes when a person or vehicle goes by. They are called "mines" because people who put them there often dig a tunnel under the ground (like miners who dig for coal etc.). Many people can be killed by mines, including civilian<nowiki/>s. Sometimes mines can lie in the ground and kill and injure people years after a war has ended.

There are different types of land mines. Big anti-vehicle mines are against vehicles. Smaller infantry mines are used against foot soldiers. Some mines leap into the air before exploding.
Charles Wood

**Charles Wood** (born Armagh, 15 June 1866; died Cambridge, 12 July 1926) was an Irish composer and teacher.

Charles Wood was born in Armagh, Ireland.  His father sang in the Cathedral choir.  Charles had music lessons from the cathedral organist, then he went to the Royal College of Music where he studied composition with C.V.Stanford and Hubert Parry.  He also learned to play the horn and piano.  After four years he went to Selwyn College, Cambridge, at first to study, then to teach harmony and counterpoint.  In 1889 he got a teaching job at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.  Soon he became their first Director of Music and Organist. When Stanford died, Wood became Professor of Music at Cambridge.

Wood is mainly remembered today for his Anglican church music.  He wrote music for the Communion Service and service settings of the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis.   These are often sung today in cathedrals and churches. He wrote many fine anthems including _O thou, the central orb_.  In Cambridge he is remembered for the chimes he wrote for the clocks of Gonville and Caius College.

His pupils included Ralph Vaughan Williams at Cambridge and Herbert Howells at the Royal College of Music.

## References

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie ISBN 1-56159-174-2
Arthur Bliss

Sir **Arthur Bliss** CH KCVO (London, 2 August 1891; died London, 27 March 1975) was a British composer.  When he started composing, his music sounded very modern and harsh. As he got older he changed his style and wrote more Romantic music in the style of English composer Edward Elgar.  For more than twenty years he was Master of the Queen's Music.

## Early life

His father was American, his mother was English.  He went to school at Rugby. He went to Cambridge University where he studied with Irish composer Charles Wood.  Wood also taught the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams. Bliss got to know Elgar whose music influenced him very much.

For a short time he learned music from Charles Villiers Stanford at the Royal College of Music.  During World War I he served in the army.

## After World War 1

After the war he started to play his music in public.  These compositions show the influence of Stravinsky, Ravel and Les Six.  His music even sounded jazzy.  After a few years his music became more Romantic.  Elgar asked him to write something for the Three Choirs Festival in 1922.  The piece he composed was his _Colour Symphony_ in which he tries to describe colours in music.

During the 1920s his music became more traditional.  He wrote a lot of music for movies including music for the movie _Things to Come_ (H.G.Wells).  He loved the theatre and composed music for the ballets _Checkmate_ and _Miracle in the Gorbals_.  One of his best works is the choral symphony _Morning Heroes_ (1930). This was written to remember those who were killed in World War I.

## America

When World War II started he was in the USA.  He stayed there and taught at Berkeley, California until 1941.  Then he returned to England.  For a time he was Director of Music of the BBC.  He wrote an opera _The Olympians_.  In 1953 he was made Master of the Queen's Music.  He kept that position until his death, writing many pieces of music for official royal occasions.

He was given many honours, including the Companion of Honour and the Royal Victorian Order.

In his later years he composed several works for orchestra as well as for choirs.

He died on 27 March 1975.  His wife, Gertrude died on 21 November 2008 at the age of 104.

## References

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie

## Other websites

- The Arthur Bliss society

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Arthur Bliss
- **image**: Arthur Bliss - photo by Herbert Lambert - ca. 1922.jpg
- **birth name**: Arthur Bliss
- **birth date**: 2 August 1891
- **birth place**: London, England
- **death date**: 27 March 1975
- **occupation**: Composer
- **title**: Master of the Queen's Music
Copepod

**Copepod**s (meaning "oar feet") are small, shrimp-like crustaceans that swim in seas, lakes, and ponds. Copepods are very important in the food web, and many animals eat them.

There are 10 orders of copepods and over 4500 species; a few orders are free-swimming, but many are parasites (of fish). The free-swimming copepods move through the water in jerky motions by moving their swimming legs.
Donegal

**Donegal** is a town in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland.

There are many sandy beaches in the area round Donegal and the town is used as a base for hill-walking in the nearby Bluestack Mountains. Traditionally the largest employer in the town has been Magee of Donegal, makers of tweed garments.
Dingle

**Dingle** is a town in County Kerry, Republic of Ireland. It has a large natural harbour.
Ammunition

**Ammunition**, often called **ammo**, comes from the French word _la munition_. At first it meant all items used for war. This was from the Latin word _munire_ (to provide). It now is used only for bullets and other projectiles that are thrown at the enemy by guns, and the gunpowder or other propellant that throws the projectiles. The group word for all types of ammunition is **munitions**. This means any explosive thing that can be used in combat and includes bombs, missiles, warheads, and mines (landmines, naval mines, and claymore mines). These are made in munitions factories.

Ammunition is mainly used to attack a target. Ammunition can include flares and incendiary devices that start fires.  Since the invention of the cartridge, ammunition has come to mean the putting of a projectile - the item that is sent to hit the target, and its propellant - the chemical that creates the force, into a single package.

Ammunition is a complex subject.  It includes many different weapons used by people, such as explosives and propellants, cartridges, high explosive projectiles (HE), warheads, special shells to attack armour and aircraft, carrier projectiles, fuses, mortar ammunition, small arms (revolver and pistol) ammunition, grenades, mines, flares, improved conventional munitions, and computer guided munition.
Emirate

An **emirate** is a political territory that is ruled by an emir, a dynastic Arab Monarch. The word emirate or amirate comes from , _Imaarah_ ; plural: إمارات, _Imaraat_.  The United Arab Emirates is a federal state of seven federal emirates, each administered by a hereditary emir, these seven elect the federation's President and Prime Minister. Most emirates have either disappeared or become part of a larger modern state, some changed their rulers' title, e.g. to Malik (Arabic for King) or Sultan. Therefore true emirate-states have become rare.

In Arabic the term can be generalized to mean any province of a country that is administered by a member of the ruling class, especially of a member of the royal family, as in Saudi Arabian governorates.

## List of independent Emirates

- Kuwait
- Qatar
- United Arab Emirates

## List of former and integrated emirates

- The Emirate of Armenia
- Emirate of Sicily, Sicily 965-1072
- Emirate of Granada, Spain 1228-1492
- Emirate of Trarza, modern southwest Mauritania 1640s-1910s
- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
- Islamic Emirate of Waziristan
- Az Zubayr
- Bahrain, became a kingdom in 2002

## Other websites

- What Is Life Really Like In Dubai, UAE?; YouTube
Mike Busniuk

**Mike Busniuk** (born December 13, 1951 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He is the younger brother of Ron Busniuk, who played for the Buffalo Sabres.

## Records

- Only player in AHL history to be a member of four consecutive Calder Cup championship teams (1976–1979)

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Forward (ice hockey), Forward
- **played for**: Philadelphia Flyers
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lb**: 200
- **birth place**: Thunder Bay, Ontario, Thunder Bay, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **draft**: 67th overall
- **draft year**: 1971
- **draft team**: Montreal Canadiens
- **career start**: 1974
- **career end**: 1984
Glasgow Subway

The **Glasgow Subway** is a subway system serving Glasgow, Scotland, UK.  It started in 1896. Then it was run by cables.  There are 15 stations.  in 1935 it was changed to run on electricity. It is a circular system, and has stayed the same since it started. It carries 13 million passengers each year.

Now it is run by the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport.
Tyne and Wear Metro

**Tyne and Wear Metro** is a rapid transit system in Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, South Tyneside, North Tyneside and Sunderland.

It opened in stages from August 1980 and now has 60 stations, with two lines covering 77.5 km (48.2 mi) of track. It was mostly made from converted former railway lines linked with some new tunnels.

## Infobox (public transit)

- **box width**: 340px
- **name**: Tyne and Wear Metro
- **image**: Tyne Wear Metro logo.svg
- **imagesize**: 120px
- **image2**: 4057 at Monument Metro station, Newcastle, 20 June 2015 (crop).jpg
- **imagesize2**: 300px
- **caption2**: A Tyne & Wear Metrocars, Metrocar at Monument Metro station, Monument in 2015, branded in the current black and yellow colour scheme.
- **imagesize3**: 300px
- **caption3**: System map of the Tyne and Wear Metro network.
- **locale**: Tyne and Wear
- **lines**: #Routes and services, 2
- **stations**: 60
- **annual ridership**: 24.3million (2021/22)
 158.8%
- **owner**: Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive (Nexus)
- **operator**: Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive (Nexus)
- **vehicles**: 87 Tyne and Wear Metrocars
- **el**: 1,500 Volt DC overhead lines
Sydney White

**Sydney Rae White** (born 30 November 1991) is an English actress and singer.

## Biography

Sydney was born in London on 30 November 1991. She first attended Broomfield House School in Kew. She got her parents to take her to the children's agency Young'uns. After her first audition she was offered the role of Cosette in _Les Misérables_. The next year she had four performances per week at London's Palace Theatre while still doing schoolwork. Sydney then auditioned for the Sylvia Young Theatre School. She was accepted and started in September 2002.

Sydney lives in West London with her parents, two older brothers (Paul and Adam) and two younger brothers (Cameron and Spike). She also has a dog called Digger. She won a LAMDA award in 2003. She currently stars in the CBBC programme _Young Dracula_. She plays one of the main characters, Erin Noble.

## Filmography

- _The Snow Queen_ (2005) (TV)...Gerda
- _Prime Suspect: The Final Act_ (2006) (TV)...Girl on Heath
- _The Sarah Jane Adventures_ (1 episode, 2007)... Bubbleshock girl
- _Disney Channel Games_...Herself
- _As the Bell Rings_ (1 episode, 2007)...Emma
- _Welcome to PCA_ (2009) (TV)...Missy Mean
- _The Rules of Love_ (Jess) (2010)
- _Doctors_ (Nikki) (2010)
- _Young Dracula_ (2011-Present) (TV)...Erin Noble

### Albums

- _Welcome to PCA_ (2009)

### Singles

"Sun goes down" (2011)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sydney White
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Sydney Rae White
- **alias**: Mini-Sydney
- **origin**: London,England,UK
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **occupation**: Actress,singer
- **years active**: 2005-present
- **label**: Walt Disney Records
Judicial nullification

**Judicial nullification** is a term that is sometimes used to mean jury nullification. More often, it means nullifying a law, legal code, or statute by a member of the judiciary or the right of judges to nullify (make invalid) a law if they feel it is too harsh in a certain situation in which it is being applied. During the Constitutional Convention, many delegates, including George Mason, Elbridge Gerry, and James Wilson, felt that courts could decide if laws wereunconstitutional and then refuse to enforce it. However, other Founding Fathers, including John Francis Mercer, Gouverneur Morris, and John Dickinson, argued against allowing judges to have that power.

The issue was left unanswered. However, when deciding that a new law needed the approval of the President, all attempts to have the judiciary approve new laws were soundly defeated.

In 1832, South Carolina decided that a new tariff law was unconstitutional and so was not really a law. Vice President John C. Calhoun agreed, but President Andrew Jackson disagreed and threatened to send troops. The two sides negotiated,and eventually, the U.S. Congress changed the tariff, and South Carolina decided the new law was not against the U.S. Constitution.

In 2011, the U.S. Supreme Court made a ruling that in essence decided that judges of lower courts may ignore the law. There were three petitions before the Court that asked if federal courts needed to be stopped from ignoring laws, rules, and facts. The Supreme Court refused to grant _certiorari_, a writ seeking judicial review of a matter. In other words, the Court refused to consider the three petitions.
Emir

**Emir** (; female: ***'; **emira**; (Persian and Urdu: ***') "commander" or "general", also "prince"; also transliterated as **amir**, **aamir** or **ameer**) is a high title of nobility or office. It is used throughout the Arab world and historically in some Turkic states and Afghanistan. Emirs are usually considered high-ranking sheiks, but in monarchical states the term is also used for princes; then "emirate" means more or less the same as principality in this context.
Emir is used also as a name in Turkey like Emir Niego and Emir Sevinc.
_Emir_ is the most common spelling in English and many other languages (for example, United Arab Emirates). The spelling _amir_, that is closer to the original Arabic, is more common for its compounds (e.g., admiral) and in individual names.

### Islamic titles

- Caliph
- Mahdi
- Sheikh
- Sayyid
- Sultan

## Other websites

- WorldStatesmen Religious Organisations – see also many present Muslim countries
UTC+08:00

**UTC+08:00** is the timezone for:
- Brunei
- China
- Republic of China
- Hong Kong
- Indonesia (central areas)
- Macau
- Malaysia
- Mongolia
- Philippines
- Singapore
- Western Australia - Australian Western Standard Time (AWST)
Launceston, Tasmania

**Launceston** is a city in Australia. It is the second biggest city in the state of Tasmania. It has about 100,000 people. It is at the place where the North Esk, South Esk and Tamar Rivers meet. It was founded in 1806.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: city
- **name**: Launceston
- **state**: tas
- **image**: Launceston TAS.jpg
- **caption**: Montage of Launceston. Clockwise from left – Launceston panorama, Launceston Post Office, Paterson Street, Australian Technical College (ATC), King's Bridge, Boer War Memorial, The Barbezat Fountain, The Examiner building
- **pop**: 84,153
- **poprank**: 20th
- **established**: 1806
- **postcode**: 7250
- **area**: 435.4
- **area footnotes**: (2011 urban)
- **timezone**: Australian Eastern Standard Time, AEST
- **utc**: +10
- **timezone-dst**: Australian Eastern Daylight Time, AEDT
- **utc-dst**: +11
- **mayor**: Albert Van Zetten
- **dist1**: 198
- **location1**: Hobart
- **dist2**: 101
- **location2**: Devonport, Tasmania, Devonport
- **dist3**: 63
- **location3**: Scottsdale, Tasmania, Scottsdale
- **lga**: City of Launceston
- **fedgov**: Division of Bass, Bass
- **fedgov2**: Division of Lyons, Lyons
- **maxtemp**: 18.6
- **mintemp**: 7.4
- **rainfall**: 687.0
- **near-n**: Weymouth, Tasmania, Weymouth
- **near-ne**: Lilydale, Tasmania, Lilydale
- **near-e**: Mount Barrow
- **near-se**: Campbell Town, Tasmania, Campbell Town
- **near-s**: Longford, Tasmania, Longford
- **near-sw**: Great Lake, Tasmania, Great Lake
- **near-w**: Deloraine, Tasmania, Deloraine
- **near-nw**: Exeter, Tasmania, Exeter
Governess

A **governess** is a female person who works for a family, teaching the children in their home. She is not like a nanny who looks after them all day, dressing them etc. The governess's job is to be their teacher. She saw to their discipline and early education. Often girls received all their education from their governess (or sometimes a tutor), though boys usually went away to boarding school before their teen years, and then some went on to college.

Very few children nowadays have a governess, but it was quite common in the families of rich people until around the beginning of the 20th century. In England quite a lot of young children who lived in the country, a long way from good schools, had a governess. When the boys were old enough they were sent away to a boarding school.

Governesses taught basic skills such as Reading, Writing and Arithmetic. They may also have taught other skills such as French, piano playing and drawing or painting. Sometimes other teachers might be

A governess was not a household worker, but she was not treated like a member of the family either. This meant that they were often quite lonely, and they usually ate their meals alone. For girls from a middle class background who were not married it was one of the only ways of earning a living. When the children she taught (her "charges") grew up, she would have to find a new job.

Novels of the time were usually about rich families, and a governess often comes into the story, e.g. in Charlotte Brontë's _Jane Eyre_ or Anne Brontë's _Agnes Grey_. Maria, the main character in _The Sound of Music_, leaves the convent and becomes a governess to the children of the von Trapp family.
Confederation of the Rhine

The **Confederation of the Rhine** was a client state of First French Empire. It existed from 1806 through 1813. Its ruler was Napoleon I of France, called "Protector of the Federation".  It included most of the German states but not the two biggest, Prussia and Austria.  The Confederation of the Rhine was one of the successors of Holy Roman Empire and a predecessor of the German Confederation.  The confederation only lived a few years but it was a precedent for the later unification of Germany.  It temporarily unified many of the diverse German states east of the Rhine River.

During the War of the Third Coaltion (1802-1805) the Battle of Austerlitz (2nd December 1805) became one of the most decisive of the War.  Napoeleon's army of 68,000 defeated the allied force of 90,000.  The Battle saw a total of 21,000 casualties and the remaining allied soldiers dispersed across Czechoslovakia.  On the 12th of July, 1806 (seven months later) the Rhine was confederated by French Emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte I.

Napoleon used the Confederation of the Rhine as a political 'buffer zone' against potential threats from Eastern Europe and to spread his egalitarianist and revolutionary views.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Confederation of the Rhine
- **native name**: Rheinbund (German)
États confédérés du Rhin (French)
- **flag caption**: Map of The Confederation of the Rhine (1812)
- **image coat**: Commemorative Medal of the Rhine Confederation.svg
- **symbol type**: Commemorative Medal
- **image map**: Map-Rheinbund-1812.png
- **capital**: Frankfurt
- **leader title1**: Protector
- **leader name1**: Napoleon I of France
- **status**: Client state of First French Empire
- **life span**: 1806–1813
- **p1**: Holy Roman Empire
- **s1**: German Confederation
- **flag p1**: Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1430-1806).svg