juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Anthem of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

The "**State Anthem of the Latvian SSR**" (,  was the anthem of Latvia from 1945 to 1990. After 1990, the original anthem, "Dievs, svētī Latviju!" ("God, bless Latvia") was used.

## Lyrics

|Latvian original|IPA transcription|Russian translation|English translation||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|<poem>Šai zemē visdārgā mēs brīvību guvām, Te paaudžu paaudzēm laimīgam dzimt, Te šalc mūsu jūra, te zied mūsu druvas, Te skan mūsu pilsētas, Rīga te dimd. Padomju Latvija mūžos lai dzīvo, Spoža lai Padomju vainagā mirdz! Mēs cēlāmies, verdzības važas lai rautu, Par gadsimtu cīņām ik vieta vēl teic. Vien biedros ar diženās Krievzemes tautu Mēs kļuvām par spēku, kas pretvaru veic. Padomju Latvija mūžos lai dzīvo, Spoža lai Padomju vainagā mirdz! Pa Ļeņina ceļu uz laimi un slavu Ar Oktobra karogu iesim mūždien. Mēs sargāsim Padomju Tēvzemi savu Līdz pēdējai asiņu lāsei ikviens. 𝄆 Padomju Latvija mūžos lai dzīvo, Spoža lai Padomju vainagā mirdz! 𝄇</poem>|<poem>[ʃaj zɛmɛː vizdaːrgaː mɛːs briːviːbu guvaːm|] [tɛ paːwd͡ʒu paːwd͡zɛːm lajmiːgam d͡zimt |] [tɛ ʃalt͡s muːsu juːra | tɛ zjɛd muːsu druvas |] [tɛ skan muːsu pilsɛːtas | riːga tɛ dimd ‖] [padʷɔmʲu latvija muːʒʷɔs laj d͡ziːvʷɔ |] [spʷɔʒa laj padʷɔmʲu vajnagaː mird͡z ‖] [mɛːs t͡sɛːlaːmjɛs ǀ værd͡ziːbas vaʒas laj rawtu ǀ] [par gad͡zimtu t͡siːɲaːm ik vjɛta vɛːl tɛjt͡s ǁ] [vjɛn bjɛdrʷɔs ar diʒɛnaːs krjɛvzɛmɛs tawtu] [mɛːs kʎuvaːm par spɛːku ǀ kas prɛtvaru vɛjt͡s ǁ] [padʷɔmʲu latvija muːʒʷɔs laj d͡ziːvʷɔ |] [spʷɔʒa laj padʷɔmʲu vajnagaː mird͡z ‖] [pa ʎɛɲina t͡sɛʎu uz lajmi un slavu] [ar ɔktɔbra karʷɔgu jɛsim muːʒdjɛn ‖] [mɛːs sargaːsim padʷɔmʲu tɛːvzɛmi savu] [liːd͡z pɛːdɛːjaj asiɲu laːsɛj igvjæns ‖] 𝄆 [padʷɔmʲu latvija muːʒʷɔs laj d͡ziːvʷɔ |] [spʷɔʒa laj padʷɔmʲu vajnagaː mird͡z ‖] 𝄇</poem>|<poem>Свободен навеки народ наш счастливый, Путь светлый для всех поколений открыт. Шумит наше море, цветут наши нивы, В семье городов наша Рига гремит. Славься Советская Латвия наша, Ярко в созвездьи республик сияй! Не раз мы за волю ходили походом, Бесправия цепи пытались разбить. Лишь в дружбе незыблемой с русским народом Смогли мы неправду и зло победить. Славься Советская Латвия наша, Ярко в созвездьи республик сияй! Под знаменем Ленина к счастью и славе, Путём Октября мы к победам идём! Верны мы великой Советской державе И кровь за неё, если надо, прольём! 𝄆 Славься Советская Латвия наша, Ярко в созвездьи республик сияй! 𝄇</poem>|<poem>In dearest land we gained our freedom, Generation upon generation are happily born here, Here our sea rustles, here our fields bloom, Here our cities ring, here Riga resounds. May Soviet Latvia live forever, May the Soviet crown shine bright! We rose to break the chains of slavery, Every place still tells of centuries of struggle, Only in brotherhood with the people of great Russia We became a revolutionary force. May Soviet Latvia live forever, May the Soviet crown shine bright! On Lenin's road to happiness and glory, Let's carry the flag of October forever. We will protect our own Soviet Fatherland, With the last drop of our blood. 𝄆 May Soviet Latvia live forever, May the Soviet crown shine bright! 𝄇</poem>|
Anthem of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

The "**State Anthem of the Estonian SSR**" (, ) was the anthem of Estonia from 1945 to 1990. After 1990, the original anthem, "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm" ("My fatherland, my happiness and joy"), was used.

## Lyrics

|Estonian original|Russian translation|English translation|
| --- | --- | --- |
|<poem>**I** Jää kestma, Kalevite kange rahvas, ja seisa kaljuna, me kodumaa! Ei vaibund kannatustes sinu vahvus, end läbi sajanditest murdsid sa ja tõusid õitsvaks sotsialismimaaks, et päikene su päevadesse paista saaks. **II** Nüüd huuga, tehas, vili, nurmel vooga, sirp, lõika, alasile, haamer, löö! Nõukogu elu, tuksu võimsa hooga, too õnne rahvale, me tubli töö! Me Liidu rahvaste ja riike seas sa, Eesti, sammu esimeste kindlas reas! **III** Sa kõrgel Leninlikku lippu kannad ja julgelt kommunismi rada käid. Partei me sammudele suuna annab ja võidult võitudele viib ta meid. Ta kindlal juhtimisel kasva sa ja tugevaks ning kauniks saa, me kodumaa!</poem>|<poem>**I** Живи, сын Калева — народ наш славный, И стой, отчизна наша, как скала. Сквозь все страдания веков бесправных Отвагу ты и доблесть пронесла. И вот зажгла социализма свет, Воспрянула в цвету для счастья и побед. **II** Могучим колосом цветите нивы! Жни, серп, и, молот, бей, гуди, завод! В стране советской каждый будь счастливым — Упорный труд нам счастье принесёт. В союзе братском пред тобой простор — Эстония, шагай в строю своих сестёр! **III** Ты знамя Ленина несёшь святое, Дорогой славною идёшь вперёд. Родная партия всегда с тобою — Путём побед она тебя ведёт. Расти, отчизна, на пути большом, Прекрасней и сильней будь с каждым новым днём!</poem>|<poem>**I** Endure, Kalev's strong people And stand as a boulder, our homeland! Your courage did not subside in the sufferings, You broke yourself through the centuries, and became a flourishing socialist country, So the sun could shine in your days. **II** Now roar, factories, wave, cornfields; Reap, sickle and strike, anvil and hammer! May the Soviet life, in full swing Bring happiness to the people through good labour! Among the people and nations of our union, You, Estonia, march at the firm forefront! **III** You're holding the Flag of Lenin high, And boldly following the path of Communism. Our Party will give us direction And will lead us from victory to victory. You will grow under its firm leadership And become strong and beautiful, our Homeland!</poem>|
Dicondylia

**Dicondylia** is a clade that includes all insects except Archaeognatha. They also have a mandible attached to the head capsule.
Ismael "El Mayo" Zambada

**Ismael Mario Zambada García** (born 1 January 1948), better known as **El Mayo**, is a Mexican former drug lord and former co-leader of Sinaloa Cartel.

He was arrested in El Paso, Texas, United States, and reported to be in US custody on 25 July 2024. In August 2025, he pled guilty to two of the 17 counts he was charged with, one count of racketeering conspiracy and one count of running a continuing criminal enterprise.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Ismael Zambada García
- **caption**: Wanted photo of Zambada
- **birth name**: Ismael Mario Zambada García
- **birth place**: El Alamo, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
- **other names**: Mayo, M-Z, Padrino, El Señor
- **predecessor**: Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, Joaquín Guzmán Loera
- **successor**: Ismael Zambada Sicairos
Iván Archivaldo Guzmán Salazar (disputed)
- **conviction status**: Incarcerated, entered guilty plea and is awaiting sentencing
- **partners**: Juan José Esparragoza Moreno and Héctor Luis Palma Salazar
- **spouse**: Rosario Niebla Cardoza
- **image**: Mayo Zambada (cropped).jpg
- **honorific suffix**: El Mayo
- **apprehended**: 25 July 2024
- **country**: Mexico
Takeoff (rapper)

**Kirshnik Khari Ball** (June 18, 1994 - November 1, 2022), known professionally as **Takeoff**, was an American rapper and songwriter. He formed the hip hop and trap group Migos in Atlanta, Georgia. The group later split in 2022, before Takeoff's death.

Takeoff released his solo album _The Last Rocket_ in 2018. He also received two Grammy Award nominations.

## Assassination

Ball was assassinated by shooting outside of a bowling alley perpetrated by three unidentified minors in Houston, Texas on 1 November 2022. He was 28 years old.

On December 2, Patrick Xavier Clark was arrested in connection with the murder. A grand jury would indict Clark for the murder on May 26, 2023.

## Albums

- _The Last Rocket_ (2018)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **past member of**: Migos


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Takeoff
- **image**: Takeoff performing with Migos in 2017 (36471054572).jpg
- **caption**: Takeoff performing at Toronto in 2017
- **birth name**: Kirshnik Khari Ball
- **other names**: Kirsnick Khari Ball
- **birth place**: Lawrenceville, Georgia, U.S.
- **death place**: Houston, Texas, U.S.
- **death cause**: Assassination by gunshots
- (Children) 1
- **years active**: 2008–2022
ObZen

***obZen*** is the sixth album by Swedish extreme metal band Meshuggah. It was released in Europe on March 7, 2008 and in North America on March 11, 2008 by Nuclear Blast, the band's record label. It is the band's first album with bassist Dick Lovgren playing on it, even though he has been with the band since 2004. The release of _obZen_ was followed by the band's first world tour. Nuclear Blast sold a two-disc vinyl version of the album on March 22, 2019.

## Infobox (album)

- **italic title**: no
- **name**: obZen
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Meshuggah
- **recorded**: March – October 2007
- **label**: Nuclear Blast
- **producer**: Meshuggah
Dideba

"**Dideba**" (, ; "Glory") was the national anthem of Georgia from 1990 to 2004. It was also used from 1918 to 1921. From 1921 to 1990, the anthem of the Georgian SSR was used. Since 2004, "Tavisupebla" ("Freedom") has been used.

## Lyrics

|Georgian original|Transliteration|IPA transcription|English translation|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|<poem>დიდება ზეცით კურთხეულს, დიდება ქვეყნად სამოთხეს, ტურფა ივერსა, დიდება ძმობას, ერთობას, დიდება თავისუფლებას, დიდება სამარადისო ქართველ მხნე ერსა! დიდება ჩვენსა სამშობლოს, დიდება ჩვენი სიცოცხლის მიზანს დიადსა; ვაშა ტრფობასა, სიყვარულს, ვაშა შვებასა, სიხარულს, სალამი ჭეშმარიტების შუქ-განთიადსა!</poem>|<poem>Dideba zecit k’urtxeuls Dideba kveq’nad samotxes, T’urpa Iversa. Dideba dzmobas, ertobas, Dideba tavisuplebas, Dideba samaradiso Kartvel mxne ersa! Dideba chvensa samshoblos, Dideba chveni sicocxlis Mizans diadsa; Vasha t’rpobasa, siq’varuls Vasha shvebasa, sixaruls, Salami ch’eshmarit’ebis, Shuk-gantiadsa!</poem>|<poem>[di.dɛ.bɑ zɛ.t͡sʰitʰ kʼuɾ.tʰχɛ.uɫs] [di.dɛ.bɑ kʰʋɛ.q(χ)ʼnɑd sɑ.mɔ.tʰχɛs] [tʼuɾ.pʰɑ i.βɛɾ.sɑ] [di.dɛ.bɑ d͡zmɔ.bɑs ɛɾ.tʰɔ.bɑs] [di.dɛ.bɑ tʰɑ.βi.su.pʰlɛ.bɑs] [di.dɛ.bɑ sɑ.mɑ.ɾɑ.di.sɔ] [kʰɑɾ.tʰʋɛl mχnɛ ɛɾ.sɑ] [di.dɛ.bɑ (t͡)ʃʰʋɛn.sɑ sɑm.ʃɔ.bɫɔs] [di.dɛ.bɑ (t͡)ʃʰʋɛ.ni si.t͡sʰɔ.t͡sʰχlis] [mi.zɑns di.dɛ.bɑ] [βɑ.ʃɑ tʼɾpʰɔ.bɑ.sɑ siq(χ)ʼʋɑ.ɾuɫs] [βɑ.ʃɑ ʃʋɛ.bɑ.sɑ si.χɑ.ɾuɫs] [sɑ.ɫɑ.mi (t͡)ʃʼɛ.ʃmɑ.ɾi.tʼɛ.bis] [ʃukʰ gɑn.tʰi.ɑd.sa]</poem>|<poem>Praise be to heavenly Bestower of Blessings, Praise be to paradise on earth, To radiant Iberia, Praise be to fraternity and unity, Praise be to liberty, Praise be to the everlasting, Lively Georgian folk! Praise be to our fatherland, Praise be to the great And bright aim of our lives; Hail, O joy and love, Hail the aid and joy, Greetings to the truth, The light of dawn!</poem>|
Revolutions of 1989

The **Revolutions of 1989** or the **Fall of Communism** were a series of revolutions against communist and socialist governments around the world, especially in Europe. It caused the end of the Cold War, saw the end of most communist states and the United States becoming the world's only superpower. It also caused the end of the Soviet Union due to the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt and the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. After the revolutions, the only remaining communist countries were China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea and Vietnam, however people in these countries did hold protests against the government (like the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests in China) and there were many reforms after 1991 (like _đổi mới_ in Vietnam, which was similar to Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union, _glasnost_ and _perestroika_).

### In Europe

|Country|Year communism ended|
| --- | --- |
||1989|
||1989|
||1989|
||1989|
||1989|
||1989|
||1990|
||1990|
||1990|
||1991|

### Outside Europe

Outside Europe, communist and socialist governments in Africa, Asia and the Middle East also lost power in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, as did the short-lived People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada in 1983 (after the Americans invaded Grenada).

### Soviet Union

All of the republics of the Soviet Union except for Lithuania fully left the Soviet Union at some point in 1991; Lithuania left in 1990, making it the first to declare independence.

|Country|Year of leaving|
| --- | --- |
||1990|
||1991|
||1991|
||1991|
||1991|
||1991|
||1991|
||1991|
||1991|
||1991|
||1991|
||1991|
||1991|
||1991|
||1991|

### Yugoslavia

|Country|Year of leaving|
| --- | --- |
||1991|
||1991|
||1991|
||1992|
||1992|

## Related pages

- Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Mongolian People's Republic

The **Mongolian People's Republic**[e] (MPR) was a socialist state that existed from 1924 to 1992, located in the historical region of Outer Mongolia.
Principe scops owl

The **Príncipe scops owl** (_Otus bikegila_) is a bird that lives on an island called Príncipe in São Tomé and Príncipe.

## Home

The owl lives in old-growth forests.  There is about 15 square kilometers of old growth forest left on Principe, and about 1000-1500 Principe scops owls live there.  Its call sounds like "tuu." They start calling as soon as the sun goes down.

## Discovery

Scientists thought this bird was there since 1928.  They became pretty sure it was there in 1997.  In July 2016, someone took a photograph of an unknown _Otus_ owl on Príncipe. The image was published on Ornithomedia. People had heard Otus owls calling there since the early 1900s, but no one had been sure.  In 2022, scientists caught a few owls and wrote the first formal paper describing it.  They named it _Otus bikegila_. In 2022, scientists wrote the first paper saying exactly what it looked like.

## Name

Scientists named this bird after a park ranger named Ceciliano do Bom Jesus. "Bikegila" is his nickname.

## Threats

The scientists who wrote about the bird asked the IUCN to name it critically endangered because its home is so small and because human beings want to make a hydroelectric dam in part of the forest where it lives.  As of 2022, the IUCN has not made a report on this bird yet.
Jazmine Sullivan

**Jazmine Sullivan** (born April 9, 1987 in Philadelphia) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, model and actress.

## Career

Her first album, _Fearless_ (2008), included the hits "Need U Bad", "Bust Your Windows", "Lions, Tigers & Bears" and "Dream Big". Sullivan's next hit single was "Holding You Down (Goin' In Circles)" (2010). Her other albums include _Love Me Back_ (2010), _Reality Showk_ (2015), and the EP _Heaux Tales_ (2021). _Heaux Tales_ won Best R&B Album at the 2022 Grammy Awards.

Sullivan appeared as "Love Bunny" in the action drama _Red Tails_ (2012).

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jazmine Sullivan
- **image**: Jazmine_Sullivan_2015.jpg
- **birth name**: Jazmine Marie Sullivan
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **years active**: 2004–present
Seoul Halloween crowd crush

The **Seoul Halloween crowd crush** occurred on 29 October  2022 (KST) at 10:15 pm. This happened in the district of Itaewon in the city of Seoul in South Korea. At least 156 people were killed. 152 others were injured.

This is one of the worst tragedies since the sinking of MV Sewol in 2014. It is the most deadly mass-casualty event in Seoul since the Sampoong Department Store collapse in 1995.

## Background

The Itaewon district is in Yongsan-gu in central Seoul. It is a famous location for nightclub gatherings, bars and restaurants. More than 100,000 people attended the festivals of the Seoul Halloween.

## Crush

At 10:15 pm, the crush occurred along an alleyway near Exit 1 of Itaewon station and the Hamilton Hotel. The police had trouble stopping the panic of the people while others called the emergency number of South Korea, 112. Officials said more than 81 calls were from people being trapped at the location. More than 83 ambulances arrived at the Itaewon road.

## Infobox (event)

- **title**: Seoul Halloween crowd crush
- **image**: File:Itaewon (이태원) 2022 Halloween.jpg
- **caption**: Halloween crowds in the alleyway across Itaewon Station
- **time**: Time in South Korea, KST
- **timezone**: UTC+9
- **location**: Itaewon, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- **type**: Crowd collapses and crushes, Crowd crush
- **cause**: Under investigation
- **reported deaths**: 156+
- **injuries**: 152+
True Colors (Cyndi Lauper song)

"**True Colors**" is a 1986 song by Cyndi Lauper and is the title track to her second studio album _True Colors_. It went to number 1 in the United States, Canada and Chile, number 2 in Israel, number 3 in Australia, number 4 in Belgium, number 6 in Ireland, number 7 in the Netherlands and Zimbabwe, number 8 in New Zealand and number 10 in Norway. It was nominated for a Grammy Award.

## Track listings

- **7-inch single**
1. "True Colors" – 3:45
1. "Heading for the Moon" – 3:17

- **European 12-inch single**
1. "True Colors" – 3:45
1. "Heading for the Moon" – 3:17
1. "Money Changes Everything" (Live) – 6:04

## Phil Collins version

In 1998, British singer Phil Collins covered it for his greatest hits album _...Hits_. It went to number 2 in Poland, number 6 in Belgium, number 7 in Hungary and number 26 in the United Kingdom and was covered by Australian singer Kasey Chambers in 2003.

### Track listings

**UK CD1 and cassette single**
1. "True Colors" – 4:33
1. "I Missed Again" – 3:41
1. "In the Air Tonight" – 7:32

**UK CD2**
1. "True Colors" – 4:33
1. "Don't Lose My Number" – 4:47
1. "Take Me Home" – 5:51

**European CD single**
1. "True Colors" – 4:33
1. "In the Air Tonight" – 7:32

**Australian CD single**
1. "True Colors" – 4:33
1. "In the Air Tonight" – 7:32
1. "Don't Lose My Number" – 4:47
1. "I Missed Again" – 3:41

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: True Colors
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Cyndi Lauper
- **album**: True Colors (Cyndi Lauper album), True Colors
- **b-side**: Heading for the Moon
- **released**: August 28, 1986
- **recorded**: March 3, 1986
- **genre**: Synth-rock
- **length**: 3:46
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **prev title**: The Goonies 'R' Good Enough
- **prev year**: 1985
- **next title**: Change of Heart (Cyndi Lauper song), Change of Heart
- **next year**: 1986


## Infobox (song)

- **name**: True Colors
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Phil Collins
- **album**: Hits (Phil Collins album), ...Hits
- **length**: 4:34
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin, Face Value, Atlantic Records, Atlantic, Warner Music Group, WEA
- **writer**: Tom Kelly (musician), Tom Kelly, Billy Steinberg
- **producer**: Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds, Babyface
- **prev title**: The Same Moon
- **prev year**: 1997
- **next title**: You'll Be in My Heart
- **next year**: 1999
Brendan Meyer

**Brendan Meyer** (born October 2, 1994) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his role as Adam Young in _Mr. Young_ and Nelson Ort on the television show _Dinosapien_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Brendan Meyer
- **image**: Brendan Meyer 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Meyer in 2012
- **birth place**: Canada
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 2005–present
- **homepage**: [http://www.brendanmeyer.ca BrendanMeyer.ca]
Cosmonova

**Cosmonova** is an IMAX Dome cinema and planetarium.

It is located in an annex of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm, Sweden.

## History

Cosmonova opened in 1993. It was the first IMAX installation in Sweden (and third in the Nordic countries after Tietomaa Science Centre in Oulu, Finland and Tycho Brahe Planetarium in Copenhagen, Denmark). It is also the largest planetarium in Sweden.
1921 Netherlands–Germany international aquatics competitions

The Dutch water polo and swimming club   and the Dutch swimmer Rie Beisenherz went in August 1921 to Germany to compete in international aquatics competitions. International competitions were held on 6 August in Essen, on 8 August in Duisburg and on 10 August in Barmen. Swimming competitions and water polo matches were held.

## Preparations

Initially the tour of De Dolfijn was scheduled from 5 to 12 August 1921, with a total of six matches starting in Essen and ending in Ohligs. However it was adjusted to less matches between 6 to 10 August.

## 6 August - Essen

International aquatics competitions took place on 6 August 1921 in Essen, Germany. The Dutch Marie Beisenherz of the Amsterdamsche Dames Zwemclub (ADZ) won the 100 metres breaststroke in a time of 1:28.8. In the relay event both teams finished in the same time. Because the German team didn’t want to do a race again,  became the winner. Awater polo match between De Dolfijn and Essener Schwimmverein was won by the Dutch team with 5-1.

### Swimming

|100 m breaststroke||1:28.8|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|4 x 50 m relay|De Dolfijn|2:21.4|Essener Schwimmverein|2:21.4|||

## 8 August - Duisburg

On 8 August internationals competitions were organized by  (Amateur-Schwimm-Club Duisburg). De Dolfijn won the water polo match with 9-0 and won also the relay race. The Dutch Rie Beisenherz won the 100 metre breaststroke event.

### Swimming

|100 m breaststroke||1:26.8|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|4 x 50 m relay||2:46.6|||||

## 10 August - Barmen

The last completion of De Dolfijn in Germany was on 10 August in Barmen. The water polo team won with 2-0 against Schwimmverein Barmen. Rie Beisenherz won the 100 metre breaststroke event in a time of 1:25.4.

## Infobox (sports competition event)

- **event**: 1921 Netherlands–Germany international aquatics competitions
- **location**: Essen
Duisburg
Barmen
- **dates**: 6-10 August 1921
Whole Lotta Rosie

"**Whole Lotta Rosie**" is a 1977 song by Australian hard rock band AC/DC and is taken from their fourth studio album _Let There Be Rock_. It went to number 5 in the Netherlands and number 12 in Belgium in 1978 and in 1980 it when to number 36 in the United Kingdom.

## Track listing

- 1977 7-inch single <small>(Netherlands: Atlantic ATL 109 92)</small>
1. "Whole Lotta Rosie" (Young, Young, Scott) – 3:33 edit
1. "Dog Eat Dog" (Young, Young, Scott) – 3:35

- 1977 7-inch single <small>(Germany: Atlantic 109 92)</small>
1. "Whole Lotta Rosie" (Young, Young, Scott) – 4:00 edit
1. "Dog Eat Dog" (Young, Young, Scott) – 3:35

- 1978 7-inch Live single <small>(UK: Atlantic HM 4)</small>
1. "Whole Lotta Rosie" (Young, Young, Scott) – 3:35
1. "Hell Ain't a Bad Place to Be" (Young, Young, Scott) – 4:30

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Whole Lotta Rosie
- **type**: single
- **artist**: AC/DC
- **album**: Let There Be Rock
- **b-side**: Dog Eat Dog (AC/DC song), Dog Eat Dog
- **released**: August 1977 (EU)
- **recorded**: 1977
- **length**: 5:20
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **prev title**: Let There Be Rock (song), Let There Be Rock
- **prev year**: 1977
- **next title**: Rock 'n' Roll Damnation
- **next year**: 1978
Heartbeat (Steps song)

"**Heartbeat**" is a 1998 song by English pop group Steps and is the fourth single from their debut studio album _Step One_. It is a double A-side to _Tragedy_ and went to number 1 in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, number 2 in Ireland, number 8 in Belgium, number 10 in Australia and Greece and number 22 in the Netherlands.

## Track listings

**UK and Australian CD single**
1. "Heartbeat" – 4:24
1. "Tragedy" – 4:31
1. "Heartbeat" (instrumental) – 4:24

**UK cassette single and European CD single**
1. "Heartbeat" – 4:24
1. "Tragedy" – 4:31

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Heartbeat
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Steps (group), Steps
- **album**: Step One
- **a-side**: Tragedy (Bee Gees song)#Steps version, Tragedy
- **recorded**: 1998
- **studio**: PWL (Manchester, England)
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **length**: 4:24
- **label**: * Jive Records, Jive
* Pete Waterman Entertainment, Ebul
- **writer**: Jackie James
- **producer**: * Andrew Frampton
* Pete Waterman
- **prev title**: One for Sorrow (song), One for Sorrow
- **prev year**: 1998
- **title2**: Tragedy (Bee Gees song)#Steps version, Tragedy
- **next title**: Better Best Forgotten
- **next year**: 1999
Central European University

**Central European University** (CEU) is an international private humanities university. It was founded and financed by George Soros in 1991, based on American models. Founded in Budapest, it has been operating in Vienna since 2020.

## Education

They offer master's and doctoral studies mainly in social and humanities fields.

Among the most studied fields are philosophy, cognitive sciences, political sciences, international relations, history, administration, public relations and mathematics in the scope of economics.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Central European University
- **latin name**: Universitas Europae Centralis
- **image**: Central European University Logo.svg
- **established**: 1991
- **type**: Private university, Private University
- **endowment**: $880 million
- **administrative staff**: 775 <small>(2018-19)</small>
- **faculty**: 357 <small>(2018-19)</small>
- **president**: Shalini Randeria
- **founder**: George Soros
- **rector**: Shalini Randeria
- **students**: 1,484 <small>(2021-22)</small>
- **undergrad**: 115 <small>(2018-19)</small>
- **postgrad**: 870 <small>(2018-19)</small>
- **doctoral**: 442 <small>(2018-19)</small>
- **city**: Vienna, Austria
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban
- **colors**: Turquoise
- **website**: [http://www.ceu.edu ceu.edu]
Rien van Haaften

**Rien van Haaften** (27 July 1950 – 30 October 2022) was a Dutch football referee. Van Haaften was for 25 years football referee, including in the Dutch professional league. For a total of 46 years he was active in various arbitration roles.

He refereed almost 1050 matches, of which 741 in the national league, 207 in professional football and 148 in the premier league.

## Biography

Van Haaften became a referee in 1976. He became a referee on the B-list in the Dutch professional league from 1 January 1990. He refereed professional football matches for four years. He was afterwards a referee for another eight years in amateur football.  He stopped at the time because the rule applied that arbitrators were obliged to relegate to group 2 at the age of 50. After his own referee career, he remained closely involved with the referees. He was an arbitration teacher and coach of various top and amateur referees. He was also a lecturer in arbitration. Until his death, he was active for the Dutch national football federation (KNVB), including as a coach in talent development.

In 2021 he was awarded a gold pin by the KNVB for his achievements within the arbitration corps and the training of talented referees.

Van Haaften was diagnozed with heart failure in 2021. He died in Nijmegen on 30 October 2022, at the age of 72.

## Slogan

The slogan he had for being a referee: "You must have an elephant skin and not the ears of an elephant".

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rien van Haaften
- **birth place**: Kapelle, Netherlands
- **death place**: Nijmegen, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: referee
Hyloscirtus diabolus

The ***Hyloscirtus diabolus*** is a frog. It lives in Peru.  Scientists have seen it in exactly two places: cloud forests on the east side of the Corillera Central mountains.

This frog is large for a tree frog.  Adults frogs can be 82.3–89.2 mm long from nose to rear end not counting the legs.  This frog has thick, strong front legs.  Scientists saw large vomerine teeth in its jaws.  The skin of the back and sides is gray-brown or dark gray in color.  There is some pink and orange color on the insides of the legs.  The skin of the belly is red-gray in color. The climbing disks on the toes are brown in color.  Sometimes there are tiny yellow spots on the toes.  The iris of the eye is dark red in color.

The scientists named the frog _diabolus_ after the Devil.  Its strong front legs, gray skin, bumpy spine, large teeth, and especially its red eyes made it look fearsome to them.  It reminded them of the way artists show the Devil.
Life of Agony

**Life of Agony** is an American alternative metal band from Brooklyn, New York. It was formed by singer Mina Caputo, bassist Alan Robert and guitarist Joey Z in 1989. The band has released six studio albums. _Rolling Stone_ said their first album, _River Runs Red_, is one of the greatest metal albums of all time.

## Studio albums

- _River Runs Red_ (1993)
- _Ugly_ (1995)
- _Soul Searching Sun_ (1997)
- _Broken Valley_ (2005)
- _A Place Where There's No More Pain_ (2017)
- _The Sound of Scars_ (2019)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Life of Agony
- **image**: Life of Agony – Elbriot 2014 01.jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **caption**: Life of Agony performing in 2014
- **origin**: New York City, U.S.
- **genre**: Alternative metal
- **current members**: * Mina Caputo
* Alan Robert
* Joey Z.
* Veronica Bellino
- **past members**: * Whitfield Crane
* Dan Richardson
* Sal Abruscato
* Eric Chan
* Mike Palmeri
* Kenny Pedersen
Tsanko Khantov

**Tsanko Hantov** also written as **Цанко Хантов** (born 11 August 1976) is a Bulgarian modern pentathlete, fencer and fencing coach.

With fencing Hantov, was junior national epee champion in 1995 and 1996. He became national senior champion in 1998.

In modern pentathlon he participated in the men's individual pentathlon event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. The next year he won the bronze medal at the 2001 World Modern Pentathlon Championships.

Htantov was a fencing coach for over seven years. He is the owner of the "Windy City Fencing", an epee fencing club in Chicago, where is also the head coach since 2005.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Tsanko Khantov
- **nationality**: Bulgarian
- **sport**: Modern pentathlon, Fencing
- **birth place**: Sofia, Bulgaria
- **residence**: Chicago, United States
Sodium thiopental

**Pentothal** (**thiopental sodium** for injection) is a barbiturate used to help patients relax before receiving general anesthesia with an inhaled medication.
Shortage

In economics, **shortage** is a state or situation in which something needed cannot be obtained in enough amounts.
Family of Barack Obama

The **Obama family** is a political family based in the United States, who have been active in American politics, public service, law, activism, education and have held many political offices and roles in the state and federal government of the United States.

The Obama's were the first family of the United States from 2009 to 2017, when Barack Obama was the 44th president of the United States.

## Infobox (family)

- **name**: Family of Barack Obama
- **image**: Barack Obama's 2013 inauguration at U.S. Capitol.jpg
- **image caption**: Barack Obama surrounded by members of his family as he takes the presidential oath of office
- **region**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **origin**: Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
- **current head**: Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States (2009–2017)
- **members**: Barack Obama Sr.
 Ann Dunham, Ann Obama
 Michelle Obama
 Malia Obama
 Sasha Obama
- **connected members**: Marian Shields Robinson
 Craig Robinson (basketball), Craig Robinson
 Fraser Robinson lll
Elvis Presley singles discography

Elvis Songs Include 1954's That's all right, 1956's Hound Dog, 1957's Jailhouse Rock and 1956's Heartbreak Hotel.

## _Billboard_ Year-End performances

|Year|Song|Year-End Position||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|scope="row" rowspan="5"|1956|"Heartbreak Hotel"|1|
|"Don't Be Cruel"|2|||
|"Hound Dog"|8|||
|"I Want You, I Need You, I Love You"|14|||
|"Love Me Tender"|15|||
|scope="row" rowspan="4"|1957|"All Shook Up"|1|
|"Too Much"|9|||
|"(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear"|14|||
|"Jailhouse Rock"|16|||
|scope="row" rowspan="3"|1958|"Don't" / "I Beg of You"|3|
|"Wear My Ring Around Your Neck" / "Doncha' Think It's Time"|22|||
|"Hard Headed Woman" / "Don't Ask Me Why"|49|||
|scope="row" rowspan="4"|1959|"A Big Hunk o' Love"|30|
|"(Now and Then There's) A Fool Such as I"|34|||
|"I Need Your Love Tonight"|44|||
|"My Wish Came True"|93|||
|scope="row" rowspan="2"|1960|"It's Now or Never"|7|
|"Stuck on You"|9|||
|scope="row" rowspan="4"|1961|"Little Sister"|39|
|"Surrender"|51|||
|"(Marie's the Name) His Latest Flame"|71|||
|"Are You Lonesome Tonight?"|96|||
|scope="row" rowspan="2"|1962|"Good Luck Charm"|20|
|"Can't Help Falling in Love"|57|||
|scope="row"|1963|"(You're the) Devil in Disguise"|58|
|scope="row"|1965|"Crying in the Chapel"|9|
|scope="row" rowspan="2"|1969|"Suspicious Minds"|18|
|"In the Ghetto"|35|||
|scope="row"|1970|"The Wonder of You"|72|
|scope="row"|1972|"Burning Love"|48|
|scope="row"|1977|"Way Down"|64|
Lake Natron

**Lake Natron** is a salt or alkaline lake in north Ngorongoro District of Arusha Region in Tanzania. It is in the Gregory Rift, which is the eastern branch of the East African Rift. The lake is inside the Lake Natron Basin, a Ramsar Site wetland of international significance.
 A small part of the lake is in Kenya.

The lake is mainly fed by the Southern Ewaso Ng'iro River, which rises in central Kenya, and by mineral-rich hot springs. It is  less than  deep. Its width depends on its water level. The lake is a maximum of  long and  wide.

In the surrounding area rain is infrequent. Most of the rain occurs between December and May. The total rainfall is about  per year. Temperatures at the lake are frequently above .

High levels of evaporation have left behind natron (sodium carbonate decahydrate) and trona (sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate). The alkalinity of the lake can reach a pH of greater than 12. The surrounding bedrock is made of alkaline, sodium-dominated trachyte lavas that were laid down during the Pleistocene period. The lavas have significant amounts of carbonate but very low calcium and magnesium levels. This has allowed the lake to concentrate into a caustic alkaline brine.

The lake is home to a number of wading birds, notably flamingoes. They feed on small crustaceans that live in the lake. In some areas, all three species of Alcolapia can be found. Alcolapia are small fish.

## Infobox (body of water)

- **name**: Lake Natron
- **image**: Lake Natron (Tanzania) – 2017-03-06 (very early in rainy season) – satellite image (cropped).jpg
- **alt**: Satellite image of lake.
- **caption**: The lake on 6 March 2017 (satellite image)
- **location**: Ngorongoro District, Arusha Region, Tanzania
- **pushpin map**: Tanzania
- **pushpin map alt**: Located in Northern Tanzania near Kenya border.
- **lake type**: saline lake, saline
- **basin countries**: Tanzania, Kenya
Jaylen Brown

**Jaylen Marselles Brown** (born October 24, 1996) is a National Basketball Association player. He currently plays on the Boston Celtics. Brown was drafted in 2016 with the 3rd pick.
Bernardston, Massachusetts

**Bernardston** is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Buckland, Massachusetts

**Buckland** is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Charlemont, Massachusetts

**Charlemont** is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Colrain, Massachusetts

**Colrain** is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Deerfield, Massachusetts

**Deerfield** is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Erving, Massachusetts

**Erving** is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Gill, Massachusetts

**Gill** is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Hawley, Massachusetts

**Hawley** is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
Surauli Buzurg

**Surauli Buzurg**, is a village  under Sumerpur block, Uttar Pradesh in India. It is near the bank of Yamuna river.

## Education

The village has a primary school.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Surauli Buzurg
- **other name**: Surauli Buzurg Danda
- **nickname**: Surauli
- **settlement type**: Village
- **image skyline**: Dwivedi house in Surauli Buzurg.jpg
- **image caption**: Village House
- **pushpin map**: India Uttar Pradesh#India
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Uttar Pradesh
- **subdivision type2**: Division
- **subdivision name2**: Chitrakoot division
- **subdivision type3**: District
- **subdivision name3**: Hamirpur district, Hamirpur
- **government type**: Panchayati raj (India), Panchayat Raj
- **governing body**: Gram Panchayat
- **leader title1**: Sarpanch, Gram Pradhan (Village head)
- **blank1 name sec1**: Sub-Divisional Magistrate, SDM
- **blank2 name sec1**: Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, MP
- **blank3 name sec1**: Member of the Legislative Assembly, MLA
- **blank4 name sec1**: Block Pramukh
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population**: 7,115
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Hindi
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **postal code type**: Postal Index Number, PIN
- **postal code**: 210301
- **blank6 name sec1**: Literacy
- **blank6 info sec1**: 68.51 %
- **blank5 name sec1**: Highways
- **website**: https://hamirpur.nic.in/village-panchayats/
Ibibio language

**Ibibio** is the native language of the Ibibio people of Nigeria.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Ibibio
- **nativename**: Usem Ibibio
- **states**: Southern Nigeria
- **ethnicity**: Ibibio people, Ibibio
- **speakers**: 10 million
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic–Congo languages, Atlantic–Congo
- **fam3**: Volta-Congo
- **fam4**: Benue–Congo languages, Benue–Congo
- **fam5**: Cross River languages, Cross River
- **fam6**: Lower Cross River languages, Lower Cross
- **fam7**: Ibibio
- **iso3**: ibb
- **glotto**: ibib1240
- **glottorefname**: Ibibio
- **script**: Latin alphabet, Latin
Nsibidi
Snap music

**Snap music** (also known as **ringtone rap** or **snap rap**) is a subgenre of hip hop music that was formed in the early 2000s in the southern United States. It is derived from crunk. Instruments commonly use in the genre include an 808 bass drum, hi-hat, bass, snapping, a main groove and a vocal track. Popular snap artists include D4L, Dem Franchize Boys, Gucci Mane,  Rick Ross, Soulja Boy, Bow Wow, E-40 and K-Rab.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Snap music
- **cultural origins**: Early 2000s, Bankhead, Atlanta, Bankhead, Atlanta, United States
- **derivatives**: Trap music, Trap
- **fusiongenres**: Snap&B
Let There Be Rock (song)

"**Let There Be Rock**" is a 1977 song by Australian hard rock band AC/DC and is third single and title track from their fourth studio album _Let There Be Rock_. It went to number 82 in Australia. It was also released as a single with the B-side of "Problem Child".

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Let There Be Rock
- **type**: single
- **artist**: AC/DC
- **album**: Let There Be Rock
- **b-side**: Problem Child (AC/DC song), Problem Child
- **released**: 30 September 1977 (UK)
31 October 1977 (Aus)
- **recorded**: 1977
- **studio**: Albert Studios, Albert (Sydney)
- **genre**: Hard rock, blues rock, rock and roll
- **length**: 6:10
- **prev title**: Dog Eat Dog (AC/DC song), Dog Eat Dog
- **prev year**: 1977
- **next title**: Whole Lotta Rosie
- **next year**: 1978
Pilecki

- Witold Pilecki (1901-1948), Polish military officer
- Stan Pilecki (1947–2017), Australian rugby union player
Lady Madonna

"**Lady Madonna**" is a 1968 song by The Beatles and was released as a buzz single. It was the last single released from Parlophone and all subsequent releases, starting with "Hey Jude" in August 1968 were released on their own label, Apple Records. It topped the charts in Australia, Austria, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Lady Madonna
- **caption**: US picture sleeve
- **type**: single
- **artist**: the Beatles
- **b-side**: The Inner Light (song), The Inner Light
- **recorded**: 3 and 6 February 1968
- **studio**: Abbey Road Studios, EMI, London
- **genre**: *Rock and roll
*rhythm and blues, R&B
*boogie-woogie
- **length**: 2:16
- **label**: *Parlophone (UK)
*Capitol Records, Capitol (US)
- **writer**: Lennon–McCartney
- **producer**: George Martin
- **prev title**: Hello, Goodbye
- **prev year**: 1967
- **next title**: Hey Jude
- **next year**: 1968
Gun laws of Australia

Gun laws in Australia are mainly handled by the Australian states and territories. Any guns that are imported into the country are limited by the federal government. In the 1980s several mass shootings caused the government to pass tighter gun laws within all states.

Gun laws were largely made the same across the states and territories in 1996. This was done through two government sponsored gun buybacks and people willingly giving up their guns following the Port Arthur Massacre in Tasmania. These actions were largely a success, as more than a million guns were collected and destroyed, almost a third of the nation's guns.

Anyone that wants to have a gun in Australia must have a reason to do so which does not include self-defense. They must also have a firearms license and must not be a "prohibited person". All guns have to be registered by a serial number to the owner.

In late 2023, the National Cabinet of Australia decided to implement a national firearms registry within four years.
Can I Sit Next to You, Girl

"**Can I Sit Next to You, Girl**" is a 1975 debut single by Australian hard rock band AC/DC and later added to their second studio album _T.N.T._. It went to number 50 in Australia.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Can I Sit Next to You, Girl
- **type**: single
- **artist**: AC/DC
- **b-side**: Rockin' in the Parlour
- **recorded**: January – February 1974
- **studio**: Studios 301, EMI (Sydney)
- **label**: Albert Productions, Albert
- **next title**: Baby, Please Don't Go
- **next year**: 1975
Pearlie

***Pearlie*** is an animated educational children's television series produced by Australian animation studio Sticky Pictures and Canadian studio Nelvana. It was produced in association with Canadian Television Channel, YTV and Australian broadcast Network Ten.
Pippi Longstocking (1997 TV series)

***Pippi Longstocking*** is a children's animated television series co-produced by Nelvana Limited, SK Films, TaurusFilm, and Trickopmany Filmproduktion GMBH and was broadcast on Teletoon, ZDF, and SVT1.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Pippi Longstocking (1997 TV series).png
- **director**: Paul Riley
- **end theme**: "What Shall I Do Today?" (instrumental)
- **composer**: **Great Big Music**:
Tom Thorney
Tim Thorney
Brent Barkman
Carl Lenox
- **num seasons**: 2
- **num episodes**: 26
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
Pecola

***Pecola*** is an  animated education preschool television series created by Japanese cartoon creator Naomi Iwata and co-produced by Canadian studio Nelvana, and aired on Teletoon. It aired its first episode on September 3, 2001. It ended on September 18, 2002.
Mortagne-du-Nord

**Mortagne-du-Nord** is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Mortagne-du-Nord
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mortagne-du-Nord (Nord, Fr) la mairie.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Mortagne-du-Nord
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Mortagne-du-Nord (59) Nord-France.svg
- **arrondissement**: Valenciennes
- **canton**: Saint-Amand-les-Eaux
- **insee**: 59418
- **postal code**: 59158
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Communauté d'agglomération de la Porte du Hainaut, CA Porte du Hainaut
- **elevation m**: 17
- **elevation min m**: 14
- **elevation max m**: 65
- **area km2**: 2.18
Iñaki Rueda

**Ignacio "Iñaki" Rueda** is a Spanish Formula One engineer. He was born 6 August 1978.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Iñaki Rueda
- **birth name**: Ignacio Rueda
- **birth place**: Madrid, Spain
- **nationality**: Spanish people, Spanish
- **citizenship**: Spanish
- **occupation**: Engineer
- **employer**: Scuderia Ferrari
- **known for**: Formula One engineer
- **title**: Sporting and Strategy Director
- **predecessor**: Laurent Mekies
Kyle Petty

**Kyle Petty** is a retired NASCAR driver. He is the son of Richard Petty, a retired NASCAR driver. He is apart of many charities. He has six children. He was born in Randleman, North Carolina. He joined Wood Brothers Racing in 1985.
All India Santali Student Association

**All India Santali Students' Association** (AISSA) is a left wing student organisation in India. It describes itself as "the voice of the radical students' movement". It is associated with the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation. The association was previously affiliated to the IPF.

## History

The association was founded in Allahabad on 9 August 1990 with the merger of several left-wing students organisations across India. AISA have organisational presence in the states and union territories of Delhi, Chandigarh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, etc. N. Sai Balaji is national president of AISA and Sandeep Saurav is it's the National General Secretary.

## Universities

The students association has presence in many schools in India; such as Patna University, University of Allahabad, Banaras Hindu University, Kumaun University, Jadavpur University, University of Delhi, University of Lucknow, Tata Institute of Social Sciences Ambedkar university Delhi among others. A unit of AISA also has consistently won Student union elections in Rikhnikhal Degree college, Pauri garhwal Uttarakhand since 2017.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: All India Santali Students Association
- **abbreviation**: AISSA
- **type**: Student Organisation
- **status**: Active
- **headquarters**: India
- **language**: Santali
- **affiliations**: Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
Homonationalism

Homonationalism is a word for an ideology that brings together nationalism and LGBT people or their rights. It was proposed first in 2007 by an American professor Jasbir K. Puar. It describes an adaptation of nationalist ideology, where it also considers LGBT rights (such as same-sex marriage) as part of what makes a nation great. Because of that, it also sees outside groups (such as immigrants, especially Muslims) as a threat to these rights and to the nation. Puar, as someone who is against homonationalism, thinks that this ideology is used mostly to attack immigrants, while at the same time ignoring issues that LGBT people still face in Western countries.
NGC 6357

**NGC 6357** is a H II Region diffuse nebula near NGC 6334 in the constellation Scorpius. The nebula contains many proto stars that are protected by dark discs of gas. It also contains young stars wrapped in expanding "cocoons" or expanding gases surrounding these small stars. The nebula is also known as the **Lobster Nebula**. It was given the name **War and Peace Nebula** by the Midcourse Space Experiment scientists because of its look. In infrared images the bright, western part looks like a dove and the eastern part looks like a skull. Anime fans tried to get NASA  to rename it as the Madokami nebula because it was like a character from the _Madokami_ anime, The name was not changed.

## Distance

The nebula is about 5,500 light years from Earth.

### Pismis 24

This nebula includes the open cluster **Pismis 24.** There are many massive stars in this cluster. One of the brightest stars in the cluster i, Pismis 24-1, It was thought to be the most massive star on record. The star measures almost 300 solar masses. It was later learned that it was a multiple system of at least three stars. These three stars are each near 100 solar masses. This makes them among the more massive stars on record.

### G353.2+0.7

The young stellar cluster G353.2+0.7 lies at the east of Pismis 24. It was revealed by a Chandra X-ray image showing about 800 stars.

### G353.1+0.6

The young stellar cluster G353.1+0.6 lies at the southeast of Pismis 24. It has about 800 stars that were detected by X-ray. The region includes many O-type stars, including [BDSB2003] 10.

## Infobox (diffuse nebula)

- **name**: NGC 6357
- **image**: Cosmic Winter Wonderland.jpg
- **caption**: NGC 6357 composite image.
- **epoch**: J2000
- **constellation**: Scorpion
- **names**: War and Peace Nebula, Lobster Nebula, Sharpless 11, RCW 131, Gum 66, Madokami
- **ra**: 17h 24m
- **dec**: –34° 20
- **type**: Emission Nebula
- **dist ly**: 5,500 ly
Hekla 3 eruption

The **Hekla 3 eruption** (circa 1000 BCE) is thought to be the most severe eruption of Hekla during the Holocene.

## Impact

It threw more than 7 km<sup>3</sup> of volcanic rock into the atmosphere. This would have caused a volcanic winter, cooling temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere for many years afterwards.

## Claims

Some claim that an eighteen-year span of global cooling that is recorded in Irish bog oaks can be blamed on Hekla-3.

Some Egyptologists have blamed Hekla-3 for famines under Ramesses III during the wider Bronze Age collapse.