juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Diet of Worms

The **Diet of Worms** was a council of the Holy Roman Empire in the city of Worms. The council was held because of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation. It lasted for five months in early 1521. The Emperor, Charles V led the council. Other councils (called Imperial Diets) were held in Worms in the years 829, 926, 1076, 1122, 1495, and 1545, but the most important Diet of Worms was in 1521.

## Background

In June 1520, Pope Leo X wrote the Papal bull Exsurge Domine ("Arise, O Lord"), in which he talked about 41 problems he saw in Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses and his other works. Because of this, the Holy Roman Emperor told Martin Luther to come to the diet. He promised that he would give Luther safe passage to and from it. The Diet started on 23 January 1521. Martin Luther was told that he had to either take back what he had said or defend it.

## Events of the Diet

Most of the important things in the Diet happened between 16-18 April. On 16 April, Martin Luther got to the city of Worms. He was told to come to the Diet at 4 p.m. on the 17th, and given a lawyer. After a day of arguing about his works, he was told that he was acting like a heretic. On the 18th of April, he went home. But Frederick III, Elector of Saxony thought that someone might kill him, so he faked a highway ambush and used this as a reason to hide Luther in one of his castles.

## The Edict of Worms

By 23 May 1521, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, King of Spain (Castile and Aragon), King of Germany, King of Italy, Lord of the Netherlands, and Titular Duke of Burgundy had had enough of all of this Martin Luther business, so he wrote:

- For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour the said Martin Luther. On the contrary, we want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic, as he deserves, to be brought personally before us, or to be securely guarded until those who have captured him inform us, whereupon we will order the appropriate manner of proceeding against the said Luther. Those who will help in his capture will be rewarded generously for their good work.

- In Simple English: Because of this, we are not going to let anyone after this help Martin Luther or keep him safe or defend him or his ideas or agree with him. Instead, we want him to be arrested and punished as a very bad person who does not have the same religious beliefs as we do (he deserves this) and to be taken to us or to be guarded until the people who arrest him tell us and when they tell us we will have a trial against him. Anyone who arrests him will be given several good things for their good work.

After that, he ended the Diet of Worms.

However, because Luther was hidden in Wartburg Castle, nothing ever happened to him.
Dual in-line package

A **dual in-line package** is one way of making microchips and other integrated circuits. The circuit is put inside of a container made out of materials such as plastic or ceramic. All the wires of the circuit are connected to metal pins, and they stick out of the package on two sides. This way the circuit is able to be used from inside the package.

Things can also be put in a dual in-line package that are not integrated circuits. A DIP switch is one example of this, where there are switches on top of the package instead of a circuit inside.
Adrian Zandberg

**Adrian Tadeusz Zandberg** (born 4 December 1979) is a Polish politician, historian, programmer. He is the co-founder of the left-wing political party _Razem_.

## Political career

On 14 November 2001, he published an article in the "Gazeta Wyborcza" daily newspaper written together with civil rights activist Jacek Kuroń on the topic of social justice in Poland.

He was elected chairman of the youth wing (_Forum Młodych_) of the Labour Union party (_Unia Pracy_), was a member of the executive of this party and founded the Federation of Young Socialists (_Młodzi Socjaliści_).

He has been a Member of the Sejm since 2019.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Adrian Tadeusz Zandberg
- **image**: Adrian Zandberg Sejm 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Adrian Zandberg in 2019
- **office**: Member of the Sejm
- **term start**: 12 November 2019
- **constituency**: Warsaw (parliamentary constituency), Warsaw
- **office1**: Member of the National Executive of Razem
- **term start1**: 15 May 2015
- **birth name**: Adrian Tadeusz Zandberg
- **birth place**: Aalborg, Denmark
- **spouse**: Barbara
- **children**: Olaf, Olga
- **alma mater**: University of Warsaw (Doctor of Philosophy in 2007)
- **party**: Razem <small>(2015–present)</small>
- **website**: [https://www.sejm.gov.pl/Sejm9.nsf/posel.xsp?id=442&type=A]
CPC

**CPC** may refer to:

### Political

- Communist Party of Canada
- Communist Party of China also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
- Communist Party of Cuba
- Congressional Progressive Caucus
- Conservative Party of Canada

### Other

- Crisis pregnancy center

## General usage

- CP Air, by ICAO code
- Piano Concerto No. 1 (Chopin) or Piano Concerto No. 2 (Chopin)
Todd Howard

**Todd Howard** (born ) is an American video game designer. He has been a designer, producer, and game director for games. The most well known of these are the _Fallout_ and _The Elder Scrolls_ series with Bethesda Game Studios.

## Works

|Year|Title|Role(s)||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1995|_The Terminator: Future Shock_|Production, additional design||
|rowspan="2"|1996|_SkyNET_|Production, design|
|_The Elder Scrolls II: Daggerfall_|Additional design|||
|1998|_The Elder Scrolls Adventures: Redguard_|Project leader, design, writing||
|2002|_The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind_|Project leader, original concept||
|2003|_The Elder Scrolls III: Bloodmoon_|rowspan="4"|Executive producer|
|2004|_The Elder Scrolls Travels: Shadowkey_|||
|2006|_The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion_|||
|2007|_The Elder Scrolls IV: Shivering Isles_|||
|2008|_Fallout 3_|rowspan="2"|Game director|
|2011|_The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim_|||
|rowspan="2"|2015|_Fallout Shelter_|Executive producer|
|_Fallout 4_|rowspan="2"|Game director||
|2018|_Fallout 76_|||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Todd Howard
- **image**: ToddHoward2010sm.jpg
- **caption**: Howard in 2010
- **birth place**: Lower Macungie Township, Pennsylvania, Lower Macungie Township, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **alma mater**: College of William & Mary (1993)
- **occupation**: Video game designer, Creative director, director, Video game producer, producer
- **years active**: 1994–present
- **employer**: Bethesda Game Studios
- **known for**: _The Elder Scrolls_, _Fallout (series), Fallout_
Clarksdale, Mississippi

**Clarksdale** is a city in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the county seat of Coahoma County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Clarksdale, Mississippi
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: The Golden Buckle on the Cotton Belt
- **image skyline**: Welcome_To_Clarksdale_sign.jpg
- **image map**: Coahoma_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Clarksdale_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Clarksdale, Mississippi
- **map caption1**: Interactive map of Clarksdale
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Mississippi
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Mississippi, County
- **subdivision name2**: Coahoma County, Mississippi, Coahoma
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 48.67
- **area land km2**: 48.67
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 18.79
- **area land sq mi**: 18.79
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 14903
- **population density km2**: 306.18
- **population density sq mi**: 793.01
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation m**: 53
- **elevation ft**: 174
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 38614, 38669
- **area code**: Area code 662, 662
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 28-13820
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0666084
- **website**: [http://www.cityofclarksdale.org/ Clarksdale, Mississippi]
2039

## Predicted and scheduled events

- January 1 – Books, movies, and other works published in 1943 will enter the public domain in the United States.
- September 1 – 100 years since the start of WWII (Invasion of Poland)
- September 2 – The Destroyers for Bases Agreement's 99-year rent-free leases to the United States by the United Kingdom will expire.
- September 17 - Famous Korean boyband, BTS, will open a time capsule in a purple box that they gave to South Korea's President Moon for the youth which will open on the 20th National Youth day, i.e. September 17, 2039.
- December 31 Generation Beta Ended
Sergei Karimov

**Sergei Karimov** (German:_Sergej Karimow_, Russian: _Сергей Каримов_) (21 December 1986 – 24 December 2019) was a Kazakh footballer. He last played for Lupo Martini Wolfsburg. In 2010, he played for the Kazakhstan national football team.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Sergei Karimov
- **image**: Sergej Karimow 2011 1.jpg
- **birth place**: Saran, Kazakhstan, Saran, Soviet Union
- **height**: 1.80 m
- **position**: Defender (association football), Left back
- **youthclubs1**: SSV Velstove
- **youthyears2**: –2000
- **youthclubs2**: SSV Vorsfelde
- **youthyears3**: 2000–2006
- **youthclubs3**: VfL Wolfsburg
- **years1**: 2006–2011
- **clubs1**: VfL Wolfsburg, VfL Wolfsburg II
- **caps1**: 118
- **goals1**: 5
- **years2**: 2007–2011
- **clubs2**: VfL Wolfsburg
- **caps2**: 5
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2011–2012
- **clubs3**: MSV Duisburg
- **caps3**: 2
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2011–2013
- **clubs4**: MSV Duisburg II
- **caps4**: 2
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 2014
- **clubs5**: Lupo Martini Wolfsburg
- **caps5**: 1
- **goals5**: 1
- **nationalyears1**: 2010
- **nationalteam1**: Kazakhstan national football team, Kazakhstan
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **pcupdate**: 29 June 2015
Dario Antoniozzi

**Dario Antoniozzi** (11 December 1923 – 25 December 2019) was an Italian Christian Democrat politician. He was in the Chamber of Deputies of Italy (1953–1983). He worked in the Government of Italy in the cabinet of Prime Minister of Italy Giulio Andreotti (1976–1979). He was a recipient of the Italian Order of Merit for Culture and Art. He was in the European Parliament from 1979 to 1989.
Peter Schreier

**Peter Schreier** (29 July 1935 – 25 December 2019) was a German tenor and conductor. He was born in Meissen, Germany.

Schreier made his professional debut in August 1959, playing the role of the First Prisoner in _Fidelio_ by Beethoven. In 1963, he was employed by the Berlin State Opera at _Unter den Linden_. In 1969, he starred as The Witch in Engelbert Humperdinck's _Hansel and Gretel_.

Schreier was married and lived in Dresden from 1945 until his death on 25 December 2019. He died in Dresden, Germany, at the age of 84, after a long illness.

## Other websites

- Peter Schreier biography on Bach-Cantatas
- documentary film on DVD about the last year of Peter Schreier as a singer
- Peter Schreier Page the fanpage about Peter Schreier
- Interview with Peter Schreier, March 10, 1997
- Mozart REQUIEM
- Singing Schubert

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Peter Schreier
- **image**: Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R0423-0017, Berlin,Generalprobe Eröffnung Palast der Republik.jpg
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **caption**: Peter Schreier at the opening of the Palast der Republik in Berlin in 1976
- **birth place**: Meissen, Germany
- **death place**: Dresden, Germany
- **title**: Kammersänger
Sleepy LaBeef

**Thomas Paulsley** "**Sleepy**" **LaBeef** (_né_ **LaBeff**; July 20, 1935 – December 26, 2019) was an American rockabilly singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor. He was born in Smackover, Arkansas.

His first hit was 1968's "Every Day", which peaked at No. 73 on the U.S. Billboard Country charts. After moving to Plantation Records in 1969, he scored a second hit in 1971 with "Blackland Farmer", which charted at No. 67.

LaBeef also starred in the horror movie _The Exotic Ones_. He was more popular in Europe.

LaBeef died on December 26, 2019 in Siloam Springs, Arkansas at the age of 84.

## Other websites

- Listing of all Sleepy's songs and alternatives
Galina Volchek

**Galina Borisovna Volchek** (; December 19, 1933 – December 26, 2019) was a Soviet and Russian theater and movie director, actress, politician and teacher. She was born in Moscow.

Volchek was known for her roles in _Don Quixote_ (1957), _Children of Don Quixote_ (1966), _Beware of the Car_ (1966), _King Lear_ (1971), _The Little Mermaid_ (1976), _About the Little Red Riding Hood_ (1977), _Autumn Marathon_ (1979) and in _Tevye the Dairyman_ (1985).

Volchek was elected a deputy into the State Duma in 1995. She left parliament in 1999.

Volchek died in Moscow of pneumonia on December 26, 2019 at the age of 86.
Graham T. Allison

**Graham Tillett Allison Jr.** (born March 23, 1940) is an American political scientist and educator. He is a professor at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard.

His book _Remaking Foreign Policy: The Organizational Connection_ was published in 1976. He had some influence on the foreign policy of the administration of President Jimmy Carter who took office in early 1977.

Since the 1970s, Allison has also been a leading analyst of U.S. national security and defense policy, with a special interest in nuclear weapons and terrorism.

## Other websites

- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Graham Allison's post at HuffPo
- Graham Allison's Official Harvard Bio

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Graham Allison
- **image**: Graham_T._Allison,_Jr.jpg
- **office**: Director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
- **term start**: June 1, 1995
- **term end**: July 1, 2017
- **successor**: Ash Carter
- **office1**: Assistant Secretary of Defense for Policy and Plans
- **president1**: Bill Clinton
- **term start1**: August 6, 1993
- **term end1**: March 15, 1994
- **office2**: Dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government
- **term start2**: June 1, 1977
- **term end2**: May 30, 1989
- **predecessor2**: Don K. Price
- **successor2**: Robert D. Putnam
- **birth name**: Graham Tillett Allison Jr.
- **spouse**: Liz Allison
- **education**: Davidson College
Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Hertford College, Oxford (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Master of Arts, MA)
Harvard University (Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
Robert D. Putnam

**Robert David Putnam** (born January 9, 1941) is an American political scientist.

He is the Peter and Isabel Malkin Professor of Public Policy at the Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government. Putnam developed the two-level game theory that says international agreements will only be successfully if they also have domestic benefits.

## Infobox (academic)

- **name**: Robert D. Putnam
- **image**: Robert Putnam, lecturing.jpg
- **caption**: Putnam in 2006
- **birth name**: Robert David Putnam
- **birth place**: Rochester, New York, Rochester, New York (state), New York, US
- **other names**: Bob Putnam
- **thesis title**: Politicians and Politics
- **thesis year**: 1970
- **school tradition**: Communitarianism
- **sub discipline**: Political sociology
- **main interests**: Social capital
- **notable ideas**: Two-level game theory
Port Clinton, Ohio

**Port Clinton** is a city in and the county seat of Ottawa County. It is located at the mouth of the Portage River on Lake Erie, about 44 miles east of Toledo. The population was 6,025 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Port Clinton, Ohio
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Downtown Port Clinton from the air.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Downtown Port Clinton
 looking East
- **image flag**: Flag_of_Port_Clinton,_Ohio.svg
- **image map**: OHMap-doton-Port Clinton.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Port Clinton, Ohio
- **image map1**: Map of Ottawa County Ohio Highlighting Port Clinton City.png
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **map caption1**: Location of Port Clinton in Ottawa County
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Ohio, County
- **subdivision name1**: Ohio
- **subdivision name2**: Ottawa County, Ohio, Ottawa
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 6.12
- **area total sq mi**: 2.36
- **area land km2**: 5.52
- **area land sq mi**: 2.13
- **area water km2**: 0.60
- **area water sq mi**: 0.23
- **elevation m**: 177
- **elevation ft**: 581
- **population total**: 6025
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 1091.88
- **population density sq mi**: 2827.31
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 43452
- **area code**: Area code 419, 419
- **website**: [http://www.portclinton.com/ www.portclinton.com]
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 39-64150
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1061564
Robert Banas

**Robert "Bobby" Banas** (born September 22, 1933 died July 29, 2024) is an American dancer and actor. He is known for his work on movies such as _West Side Story_ (1961), _Always_ (1989) and _Down and Out in Beverly Hills_ (1986). He also did a televised performance of the dance (which he also choreographed) for the 1963 Shirley Ellis song, "Nitty Gritty".

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robert Banas
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **occupation**: Dancer
Richard Beymer

**George Richard Beymer, Jr.** (born February 20, 1938) is an American actor, filmmaker and artist. He is best known for playing the roles of Tony in the movie version of _West Side Story_ (1961), Peter in _The Diary of Anne Frank_ (1959) and Ben Horne on the television series _Twin Peaks_ (1990–1991, 2017).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Richard Beymer
- **image**: The Stripper trailer screenshot.jpg
- **caption**: Beymer with Joanne Woodward in _The Stripper (film), The Stripper_ (1963)
- **birth name**: George Richard Beymer, Jr.
- **birth place**: Avoca, Iowa, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, painter, sculptor, novelist
- **years active**: 1949–present
- **height**: 6 ft 2 in
Jimmy Bryant (singer)

**James Howard Bryant** (June 2, 1929 - June 22, 2022) was an American singer, arranger and composer. He is most well known for being the singing voice of Tony (played onscreen by Richard Beymer) in the 1961 movie musical _West Side Story_.

He also sang for James Fox in the 1967 musical _Thoroughly Modern Millie_ and sang in "The Telephone Hour" number in _Bye Bye Birdie_. He also sang in the group that performed the theme song of the TV series _Batman_.

Bryant was born in Birmingham, Alabama. He died June 22, 2022 at 93. The remake of West Side Story is dedicated to his memory.
Arthur Laurents

**Arthur Laurents** (July 14, 1917 – May 5, 2011) was an American playwright, stage director and screenwriter.

His best known works were _West Side Story_ (1957), _Gypsy_ (1959), and _Hallelujah, Baby!_ (1967), and directing some of his own shows and other Broadway productions.

His early movie scripts include _Rope_ (1948) for Alfred Hitchcock, followed by _Anastasia_ (1956), _Bonjour Tristesse_ (1958), _The Way We Were_ (1973), and _The Turning Point_ (1977).

## Other websites

- Arthur Laurents at the Internet Off-Broadway Database

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Arthur Laurents
- **image**: Arthur laurents.JPG
- **caption**: Laurents in 2009
- **birth name**: Arthur Levine
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York City, U.S., U.S.
- **resting place**: under a memorial bench in Quogue, New York
- **occupation**: Playwright
Stage director
Screenwriter
- **nationality**: United States nationality law, American
- **alma mater**: Cornell University
- **period**: 1945–2011
- **language**: English
- **partner**: Tom Hatcher ( 1954;  2006)
- **awards**: 1968 Tony Award for Best Musical – _Hallelujah, Baby!_
1975 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Musical – _Gypsy: A Musical Fable, Gypsy_
1977 Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay – _The Turning Point (1977 film), The Turning Point_
1984 Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical – _La Cage aux Folles (musical), La Cage aux Folles_
Quogue, New York

**Quogue** () is an incorporated village in Suffolk County, New York, United States, in the Town of Southampton, on Long Island. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 1,662.
Phil Ruffin

**Phillip Gene "Phil" Ruffin** (born March 14, 1935) is an American businessman. He owns the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. He is also a business partner of Donald Trump, with whom he co-owns the Trump International Hotel in Las Vegas.

On the _Forbes_ 2018 list of the world's billionaires, he was ranked No. 877 with a net worth of US $2.7 billion.

## Other websites

- Harper Trucks official web site

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Phillip Gene Ruffin
- **birth place**: Potter County, Texas, Potter County, Texas, U.S.
- **occupation**: Businessman
- **years active**: 1972–present
- **spouse**: Lynne A Ruffin
 Oleksandra Nikolayenko
Mary Louise Miller, first wife (married and divorced twice)
Aureus

***Aureus*** (plural: ***aurei***) was a type of gold coin in ancient Rome. It had the same value as 25 denarii silver coins. An aureus was the same size as a denarius, but it weighed more because gold is more dense.

Aureus often displayed the bust of the reigning emperor, while the reverse featured various deities, personifications, or significant events. The aureus remained in circulation until the early 4th century AD, when Emperor Constantine I's monetary reforms introduced the solidus.

Gold coins like the aureus and solidus were vital to the Roman economy, used for large transactions, military payments, and as a store of value. Their high intrinsic value contributed to economic stability, facilitating efficient tax collection and troop payments, which were essential for sustaining the vast Roman Empire.
Jerry Herman

**Gerald Sheldon Herman** (July 10, 1931 – December 26, 2019) was an American composer and lyricist. He was known for his work in Broadway musical theater.  He composed the scores for the hit Broadway musicals _Hello, Dolly!_, _Mame_, and _La Cage aux Folles_.

He was nominated for the Tony Award five times, and won twice, for _Hello, Dolly!_ and _La Cage aux Folles_. He won a Grammy Award in 1965. In 2009, Herman received the Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre. He was a recipient of the 2010 Kennedy Center Honors.

Herman, who was openly gay, was diagnosed HIV-positive in 1985.

Herman died on December 26, 2019 at a hospital in Miami, Florida from lung disease at the age of 88.

## Other websites

- Jerry Herman Official Web Site.
- University of Miami's Jerry Herman Ring Theatre Official Web Site
- Jerry Herman - _Downstage Center_ audio interview at American Theatre Wing.
- TonyAwards.com Interview with Jerry Herman
- Jerry Herman podcast series by Sony BMG Masterworks
- Jerry Herman Gathers His Girls for a Swinging Broadway Bash _People Weekly_, April 21, 1986
- Ken Bloom collection of Jerry Herman memorabilia, 1955-2000, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: non_performing_personnel
- **instrument**: Piano
- **genre**: Musical theatre
- **occupation**: Composer, Lyricist
- **years active**: 1954–2019


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jerry Herman
- **image**: Jerry Herman 2010.jpg
- **caption**: Herman at the White House for the 2010 Kennedy Center Honors
- **birth name**: Gerald Sheldon Herman
- **birth date**: July 10, 1931
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Miami, Florida, Miami, Florida, U.S.
- **education**: <small></small>
- **partner**: Martin Finkelstein (d. 1989)
- **monuments**: Jerry Herman Ring Theatre, U. Miami
- **website**: [http://jerryherman.com/ Official website]
Adam DeVine

**Adam Patrick DeVine** (born November 7, 1983) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer, and singer. He is one of the stars and co-creators of the Comedy Central series _Workaholics_.

He plays the role of Bumper in the musical movies _Pitch Perfect_ and _Pitch Perfect 2_ and Andy in the sitcom _Modern Family_ and Adam Demamp in the sitcom _Workaholics_.

His other roles include _Neighbors_, _The Intern_, _The Final Girls_, _Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates_, _Game Over, Man!_ and _When We First Met_.

He has voiced characters in movies including _Ice Age: Collision Course_ and _The Lego Batman Movie_.

DeVine has voiced characters on animated series _Uncle Grandpa_, _Penn Zero: Part-Time Hero_, _Vampirina_, and _Green Eggs and Ham_.

DeVine married actress Chloe Bridges in 2021.

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Adam Patrick DeVine
- **image**: Adam DeVine in 2017.jpg
- **caption**: DeVine in 2017
- **birth place**: Waterloo, Iowa, U.S.
- **years active**: 2006–present
Hack and slash

**Hack and slash** or **hack and slay** (**H&S** or **HnS**; also **hack-and-slash** or **hack 'n' slay**) is a type of gameplay that emphasizes combat.

The term "hack and slash" was used to describe a play style in tabletop role-playing games, from there to MUDs, MMORPGs, and role-playing video games. In arcade- and console-style action video games, it has a different usage, it focuses on real-time combat with hand-to-hand weapons against guns or fists.
Sachse, Texas

**Sachse** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Lowry Crossing, Texas

**Lowry Crossing** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Celina, Texas

**Celina** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Allen, Texas

**Allen** is a city in Collin County, Texas, United States, a northern suburb of Dallas. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city had a total population of 104,627.
The Colony, Texas

**The Colony** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is a suburb of Dallas.
Ennis, Texas

**Ennis** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Hurst, Texas

**Hurst** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Dalworthington Gardens, Texas

**Dalworthington Gardens** is a city in Tarrant County, Texas, United States. It is a suburb of Arlington. The population was 2,293 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Dalworthington, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: "A rural oasis in the heart of the metroplex"
- **image map**: Tarrant County Texas Incorporated Areas Dalworthington Gardens highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Dalworthington Gardens in Tarrant County, Texas
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Tarrant County, Texas, Tarrant
- **established date**: 1934
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 4.72
- **area land km2**: 4.63
- **area water km2**: 0.09
- **area total sq mi**: 1.82
- **area land sq mi**: 1.79
- **area water sq mi**: 0.04
- **area water percent**: 1.95
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2293
- **population density km2**: 495.15
- **population density sq mi**: 1282.44
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: Central Time Zone (North America), CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 174
- **elevation ft**: 571
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-19084
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1333892
- **website**: [http://www.cityofdwg.net/ http://www.cityofdwg.net/]
Azle, Texas

**Azle** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Hudson Oaks, Texas

**Hudson Oaks** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Bovina, Texas

**Bovina** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Mirasi

The term "Mirasi" indeed originates from the Arabic word Miras, meaning "inheritance" or "legacy." Traditionally, it was applied to those who inherited and continued the same profession across generations, especially when it came to performing arts, storytelling, music, or other oral traditions.

In Punjab, Mirasi came to specifically refer to families engaged in singing, dancing, joking, and storytelling. Over time, the term has been used almost as a caste label, but originally, it wasn’t tied to a particular caste or clan. Rather, anyone who maintained the same profession generationally—especially in entertainment and oral history—could be called a Mirasi. This reflects the cultural practice of identifying people by their trade rather than any specific social hierarchy
Friona, Texas

**Friona** is a city in Parmer County, Texas, United States. In 2020, 4,171 people lived in Friona.
Appleby, Texas

**Appleby** is a city of Nacogdoches County, in the U.S. state of Texas.
Chireno, Texas

**Chireno** is a city in Nacogdoches County, Texas, United States. The population was 370 at the 2020 census.

American actress, singer, and dancer Ann Miller (1923-2004) was born in Chireno.

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Chireno, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: CherinoTexas (1 of 1).jpg
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Chireno.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Chireno, Texas
- **image map1**: Nacogdoches County Chireno.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **map caption1**: Location of Chireno inside of Nacogdoches County
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Nacogdoches County, Texas, Nacogdoches
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 4.85
- **area land km2**: 4.85
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 1.87
- **area land sq mi**: 1.87
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 370
- **population density km2**: 76.23
- **population density sq mi**: 197.44
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 322
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 75937
- **area code**: Area code 936, 936
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-14776
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1381638
Cushing, Texas

**Cushing** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Garrison, Texas

**Garrison** is a city of Nacogdoches County, in the U.S. state of Texas.
Haslet, Texas

**Haslet** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Roanoke, Texas

**Roanoke** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Dearborn County, Indiana

**Dearborn County** is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, 50,679 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Lawrenceburg.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Dearborn County
- **state**: Indiana
- **founded**: 1803
- **seat wl**: Lawrenceburg
- **largest city wl**: Lawrenceburg
- **area total sq mi**: 307.42
- **area land sq mi**: 305.03
- **area water sq mi**: 2.38
- **area percentage**: 0.77%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 50679
- **density sq mi**: 164
- **demonym**: Dearbornian
- **web**: http://www.dearborncounty.org/
- **named for**: Dr. Henry Dearborn
- **district**: 6th
- **footnotes**: Indiana county number 15
- **ex image**: Dearborn County Courthouse, Lawrenceburg, IN (48370088711).jpg
- **ex image cap**: Dearborn County Courthouse
- **time zone**: Eastern
Ball, Louisiana

**Ball** is a suburb of Alexandria. It is in Rapides Parish, Louisiana.
Boyce, Louisiana

**Boyce** is a small town in Rapides Parish, Louisiana.
Decatur County, Indiana

**Decatur County** is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, 26,472 people lived there. The county seat is Greensburg.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Decatur County
- **state**: Indiana
- **founded**: 12 December 1821 (authorized)
1822 (organized)
- **seat wl**: Greensburg
- **largest city**: Greensburg
- **area total sq mi**: 373.32
- **area land sq mi**: 372.57
- **area water sq mi**: 0.76
- **area percentage**: 0.20%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 26472
- **density sq mi**: 71.9
- **web**: www.decaturcounty.in.gov
- **named for**: Stephen Decatur, Stephen Decatur, Jr.
- **ex image**: Decatur County Courthouse, Greensburg, IN (48477403112).jpg
- **ex image cap**: Decatur County Courthouse in Greensburg
- **district**: 6th
- **footnotes**: Indiana county number 16
Warren Park, Indiana

**Warren Park** is a town in Warren Township, Marion County, Indiana, United States. The population was 1,490 at the 2020 census.
Austwell, Texas

**Austwell** is a city in Refugio County, Texas, United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Austwell, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: Refugio County Austwell.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Austwell within Refugio County and Texas
- **pushpin map**: Texas#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Refugio County, Texas, Refugio
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 0.94
- **area land km2**: 0.94
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.36
- **area land sq mi**: 0.36
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 118
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 7
- **elevation ft**: 23
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 77950
- **area code**: Area code 361, 361
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-05036
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1329871
Italy, Texas

**Italy** is a town in Ellis County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census, 1,926 people lived there.

## Other websites

- City of Italy official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Italy, Texas
- **settlement type**: Town
- **motto**: "The biggest little town in Texas"
- **image skyline**: ItalyTexas1 (1 of 1).jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Downtown Italy, Texas
- **image map**: Ellis County Italy.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Italy, Texas
- **pushpin map**: Texas#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Ellis County, Texas, Ellis
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 4.67
- **area land km2**: 4.67
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 1.80
- **area land sq mi**: 1.80
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 1926
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 174
- **elevation ft**: 571
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 76651
- **area code**: Area codes 214, 469, and 972, 214, 469, 972
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-37072
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1338518
Perryton, Texas

**Perryton** is a city in Ochiltree County, Texas, United States. The population was 8,492 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Ochiltree County.

## Other websites

- City of Perryton official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Perryton, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: "Wheatheart of the Nation"
- **image skyline**: Perryton, TX, welcome sign IMG 6047.JPG
- **image caption**: Welcome Sign (2010)
- **image map**: Ochiltree County Perryton.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Perryton, Texas
- **pushpin map**: Texas#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin label**: Perryton
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Ochiltree County, Texas, Ochiltree
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1919
- **established title1**: Platted
- **established title2**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **named for**: George Perry
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **area total sq mi**: 4.80
- **area land sq mi**: 4.80
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 12.43
- **area land km2**: 12.43
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **elevation ft**: 2927
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 8492
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population density km2**: auto
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 79070
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **area code**: Area code 806, 806
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-56912
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411406
La Chaux

**La Chaux** is the name or part of the name of several places:

## France

- La Chaux, Doubs, a commune
- La Chaux, Orne, a commune
- La Chaux, Saône-et-Loire, a commune
- La Chaux, Vienne, a commune in the Vienne department
- La Chaux-du-Dombief, a commune in the Jura department
- La Chaux-en-Bresse, a commune in the Jura department

## Switzerland

- La Chaux (Cossonay), a municipality in the canton of Vaud
- La Chaux (Sainte-Croix), a village in the municipality of Sainte-Croix (Vaud)
- La Chaux-de-Fonds, a municipality in the canton of Neuchâtel
- La Chaux-des-Breuleux, a municipality in the canton of Jura
- La Chaux-du Milieu, a municipality in the canton of Neuchâtel
- La Chaux (Verbier), an area of the Verbier skiing area

## Other

- Chaux (disambiguation)
Moiry

**Moiry** may refer to:
- Moiry, Switzerland, a municipality in the district of Morges in the canton of Vaud
- Moiry, Ardennes, a commune in the region of Grand Est in France
- Lac de Moiry, a lake in the municipality of Grimentz, in the canton of Valais, in Switzerland.
Shaheed

***Shaheed*** ( ,  ,   ; ) denotes a martyr in Islam and Sikhism. The word is used frequently in the Quran in the generic sense of "witness" but only once in the sense of "martyr" (i.e. one who dies for his faith); the latter sense acquires wider usage in the _hadith_.

## Quranic references

A shaheed is one who is promised to go to Jannah according to these verses of the Quran:

Think not of those, who are slain in the way of Allah, as dead. Nay, they are living. With their Lord they have provision. Jubilant (are they) because of that which Allah hath bestowed upon them of His bounty, rejoicing for the sake of those who have not joined them but are left behind: That there shall no fear come upon them neither shall they grieve.

- Quran 3:169–170

Lo! Allah hath bought from the believers their lives and their wealth because the Garden will be theirs: they shall fight in the way of Allah and shall slay and be slain. It is a promise which is binding on Him in the Torah and the Gospel and the Qur'an. Who fulfilleth His covenant better than Allah? Rejoice then in your bargain that ye have made, for that is the supreme triumph.

- Quran 9:111

Those who fled their homes for the cause of Allah and then were slain or died, Allah verily will provide for them a good provision. Lo! Allah, He verily is Best of all who make provision. Assuredly He will cause them to enter by an entry that they will love. Lo! Allah verily is Knower, Indulgent.

- Quran 22:58–59
Fallout 2

***Fallout 2: A Post Nuclear Role Playing Game*** (usually just called ***Fallout 2***) was a video game released in 1998. It was made by Black Isle Studios and published by Interplay. It was a sequel to _Fallout_, and the second game in the _Fallout_ series. It had very similar graphics and gameplay to the first _Fallout_, but a larger world and longer story.

The sequel to _Fallout 2_ was not made by Black Isle Studios because Bethesda Softworks bought the _Fallout_ series. Eventually Bethesda Game Studios made _Fallout 3_ in 2008.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Fallout 2
- **developer**: Black Isle Studios
- **publisher**: Interplay Productions
- **director**: Tim Cain
Chris Avellone
- **producer**: Brian Fargo
 Eric DeMilt
 Fred Hatch
- **designer**: Chris Avellone
 Matthew J. Norton
- **programmer**: Jesse Reynolds
 Chris Jones (game developer), Chris Jones
 Robert Hertenstein
- **artist**: Gary Platner
 Jason Anderson (artist), Jason D. Anderson
 Leonard Boyarsky
- **writer**: Tim Cain
 R. Scott Campbell
 Jason Taylor
- **composer**: Mark Morgan (composer), Mark Morgan
- **series**: _Fallout (series), Fallout_
- **released**: October 29, 1998
- **genre**: Role-playing video game, Role-playing
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single player
Tim Cain

**Tim Cain** is an American video game designer. He designed the game _Fallout_, which came out in 1997. In 2009 he was chosen by IGN as one of the top 100 game creators of all time.

## Works

|Year|Title|Role(s)|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1997|_Fallout_|Producer, programmer|
|1998|_Fallout 2_|Director, writer|
|2015|_Pillars of Eternity_|Programmer|
|2019|_The Outer Worlds_|Director|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tim Cain
- **image**: Timothy-cain-gdc2010 cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Timothy Cain on the Game Developers Conference, GDC Online 2010
- **birth name**: Timothy Cain
- **nationality**: American
- **known for**: Creator of _Fallout (series), Fallout_ series
- **occupation**: Video game director, programmer, designer, producer
- **employer**: Obsidian Entertainment
Richmond, British Columbia

**Richmond** is a city on Lulu Island and in the Metro Vancouver area of British Columbia. The Canada Line and Vancouver International Airport are also located inside Richmond. Richmond had 209,937 people in it in 2021.

## Events

- The 2010 Winter Olympics had their Olympic oval in Richmond

## Malls

Many shopping malls are located in Richmond, these include:
- Lansdowne Centre
- Richmond Centre
- Parker Place
- Aberdeen Centre
The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas

"**The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas**" short story by American writer Ursula K. Le Guin. It was published in 1973. The story happens in a utopian city called Omelas. The city can only be wealthy and happy as long as a single child suffers. "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" was nominated for the Locus Award for Best Short Fiction in 1974 and won the Hugo Award for Best Short Story in 1974.

## Infobox (short story)

- **name**: The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas
- **author**: Ursula K. Le Guin
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **published in**: _New Dimensions_, volume 3
- **publication type**: Anthology
- **media type**: Print
- **pub date**: 1973
The Wind's Twelve Quarters

***The Wind's Twelve Quarters*** is a collection of short stories by American writer Ursula K. Le Guin. The title is from A. E. Housman's _A Shropshire Lad_ Harper & Row published the book in 1975. Le Guin called it a look back at her start as a writer. The book has 17 stories that had already been published. Four of the stories were the first ideas for novels she wrote later: "The Word of Unbinding" and "The Rule of Names" was the beginning of Earthsea. "Semley's Necklace" was first titles "Dowry of the Angyar" in 1964. Then it was the start of the novel _Rocannon's World_ in 1966; "Winter's King" is about people living on the planet Winter, as is Le Guin's later novel _The Left Hand of Darkness_. Most of the other stories are also connected to Le Guin's novels.  The story "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" won the Hugo Award in 1974. "The Day Before the Revolution" won the Locus and Nebula Awards in 1975.

## Contents

- Foreword
- "Semley's Necklace"
- "April in Paris"
- "The Masters"
- "Darkness Box"
- "The Word of Unbinding"
- "The Rule of Names"
- "Winter's King"
- "The Good Trip"
- "Nine Lives"
- "Things"
- "A Trip to the Head"
- "Vaster than Empires and More Slow"
- "The Stars Below"
- "The Field of Vision"
- "Direction of the Road"
- "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas"
- "The Day Before the Revolution"

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Wind's Twelve Quarters
- **author**: Ursula K. Le Guin
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Science fiction, fantasy
- **published**: 1975 (Harper Perennial, Harper & Row)
- **media type**: Print
- **pages**: 303
- **isbn**: 0-06-012562-4
- **dewey**: 813/.5/4
- **congress**: PZ4.L518 Wi PS3562.E42
- **oclc**: 1366086
Kulubá

**Kulubá** is an ancient Maya civilization city and archaeological site in the Tizimín Municipality, Yucatán, Mexico.

The archaeological zone was originally discovered in 1941. Excavation of the site is still in its initial stages even though research in the area has been going on for over a decade. So far, a large palace has been partially uncovered. It is 55 meters by 15 meters and stand six meters tall. Other remains include a residential and cooking area. A burial site has also been identified. The governor of Yucatan announced in 2019 that a significant amount of money was to be invested in development of the site as a tourist destination.

## Infobox (ancient site)

- **name**: Kulubá
- **image**: Culuba2.jpg
- **alt**: Photo of Mayan ruins
- **caption**: Restoration of the site underway
- **map type**: Mesoamerica#Mexico Yucatán
- **map caption**: Location within Mesoamerica
- **location**: Yucatán (state), Yucatán, Mexico
- **region**: Yucatán
- **epochs**: Late Classic to Early Postclassic
- **cultures**: Maya civilization
- **precolumbian**: yes
Kim (Korean surname)

**Kim** or **Gim** () is the most common surname, or family name, in Korea. In 2015 more than 10 million people in South Korea had this name. That is over 20% of all people in the country. The Kim family is the current ruling family in North Korea.

## Relaged pages

- List of Korean family names
- Jin, the equivalent Chinese family name

## Infobox (surname)

- **name**: Kim
- **image size**: 200
- **meaning**: Gold, iron
- **region**: Korea
- **language**: Korean


## Infobox (korean name)

- **hangul**: wikt:김, 김
- **rr**: Gim
- **mr**: Kim
Ronald Melzack

**Ronald Melzack**,  (July 19, 1929 – December 22, 2019) was a Canadian psychologist and emeritus professor of psychology at McGill University. He was known for his pain research by introducing the gate control theory of pain.

He was a founding member of the International Association for the Study of Pain. He also became the founding editor of _Wall & Melzack's Textbook of Pain_

Melzack had many honors including Prix du Québec (1994), the Order of Canada (1995), and the National Order of Quebec (2000). In 2010, he won the Grawemeyer Award for  his research on the science of pain.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: File:Melzack Ronald.jpg
- **birth place**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **death place**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **alma mater**: McGill University
- **occupation**: Psychologist, Professor
- **nationality**: Canadians, Canadian