juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kalash language

**Kalash or Kalasha** (also known as Kalasha-mun) is an Indo-European language in the Indo-Aryan branch, further classified as a Dardic language in the Chitral Group. However, this Dardic classification is questionable because only 53% of the commonly used words in Kalash have cognates in Khowar language.

## Related pages

- Languages of Pakistan

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Kalasha
- **nativename**: _Kalasha-mondr_
- **states**: Pakistan (Chitral District)
- **region**: Chitral District, Chitral: Kalasha Desh, Bumburet, Rumbur and Birir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
- **speakers**: 5,030
- **date**: 2000
- **ref**: e16
- **speakers2**: 6,000 (2010)
- **ethnicity**: Kalash people, Kalash
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan
- **fam3**: Dardic languages, Dardic
- **iso3**: kls
- **lingua**: 59-AAB-ab
Piergiorgio Odifreddi

**Piergiorgio Odifreddi** (born July 13, 1950), is an Italian mathematician (person who studies mathematics), logician (person who studies reason), essayist (person who writes essays)  and fond of the history of science.

He is particularly well-known in Italy for his longstanding  criticisms and ridicule of the Catholic Church and religions in general and the writings and popular interventions of Antonino Zichichi.
Lubanki dialect

**Lubanki**, also known as **Labanki**, is a Punjabi dialect, spoken by the Lubanas tribal grouping in the Republic of India and Pakistan. It is classified as a form or dialect of Punjabi. Lubanki has been spoken in the Rajasthan and Gujarat areas and some areas of Pakistan. The Punjabi word tanda is allegedly of Lubanki origin and means a town. The dialect is almost extinct. With the loss of the language's prestige and status, most Lubanas now speak other forms of Punjabi as their primary language.

When Guru Tegh Bahadur Was discovered by Baba Makhan Shah Labana, Makhan Shah climbed on top a village roof and started shouting the famous line Guru ladho Re "The Guru has been found", which is alleged to be in Lubanki dialect.
Parkari Koli language

The **Parkari Koli language** (sometimes called just Parkari) is a language mainly spoken in the province of Sindh, Pakistan.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Parkari Koli
- **states**: Sindh province, Pakistan
- **speakers**: 250,000
- **date**: 1995
- **ref**: e18
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian
- **fam3**: Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan
- **fam4**: Western Indo-Aryan languages, Western
- **fam5**: Gujarati languages, Gujarati
- **iso3**: kvx
- **glotto**: park1237
- **glottorefname**: Parkari Koli
Sarikoli language

The **Sarikoli language** (also **Selekur**, **Sarikul**, **Sariqul**, **Sariköli**) is an indigenous Pamiri language spoken by the Pamiri people in Xinjiang, China and northern Pakistan. It is an endangered language spoken by only 16,000 people.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Sarikoli
- **nativename**: __
- **states**: China, Pakistan
- **speakers**: 16,000
- **date**: 2000
- **ethnicity**: Pamiri people
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian
- **fam3**: Iranian languages, Iranian
- **fam4**: Eastern Iranian languages, Eastern
- **fam5**: Southeastern Iranian languages, Southeastern
- **fam6**: Pamir languages, Pamir
- **script**: Arabic script, Arabic
- **iso3**: srh
- **lingua**: 58-ABD-eb
- **map**: Sarikoli Language in Xinjiang.png
- **mapcaption**: Xinjiang province. Light blue are areas where Sarikoli is spoken.
Waziristani dialect

**Waziri language** is a Southeastern Iranian language spoken by the Wazir Pashtun tribe in Waziristan in Pakistan. It is also spoken by some of the neighboring people of Pakistan and Afghanistan. The language can be considered a dialect of the Pashto language but has some distinctive features and vocabulary.
Sandbach

**Sandbach** is a market town in Cheshire, United Kingdom. It is in the Borough of Congleton.The town is mainly populated by White British Inhabitants.

## Other websites

- Sandbach Town Council
- Website about the History of Sandbach
- detailed map of Sandbach Town Centre
Alsager

**Alsager** is a town and civil parish in Cheshire, England. It is located in the Borough of Congleton, near to the border with Staffordshire.

In the 2011 census, the town had a population of 11,775.

In 2007, Alsager was awarded Fairtrade town status by the Fairtrade Foundation.

Despite the town's Staffordshire postcode and Crewe dialling code, it is its own town, and is not part of Crewe or Stoke-on-Trent.

## Other websites

- Alsager Tour Guide - Information about the local area

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Alsager
- **population**: 11,775
- **population ref**: (2011 census)
- **civil parish**: Alsager
- **unitary england**: Cheshire East
- **lieutenancy england**: Cheshire
- **region**: North West England
- **constituency westminster**: Congleton (UK Parliament constituency), Congleton
- **post town**: Stoke-on-Trent, STOKE-ON-TRENT
- **postcode district**: ST7
- **postcode area**: ST
- **dial code**: 01270
- **os grid reference**: SJ796554
- **static image**: File:Bank_Corner_-_geograph.org.uk_-_275371.jpg
- **static image caption**: Bank Corner, Alsager
- **static image 2 name**: Coat of arms of Alsager, England.svg
- **static image 2 width**: 80px
- **static image 2 caption**: Coat of arms of Alsager
Badawi Pass

The **Badawi Pass** connects Dir with Kohistan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Bilafond La

**Bilafond La** (meaning "Pass of the Butterflies") is a mountain pass on Saltoro Ridge . It is , also called the **Saltoro Pass**. It is west of the large Siachen Glacier. India controls the pass now. It is near the Line of Control dividing Indian- and Pakistani-administered territory.
Sia La Pass

**Sia La** is a mountain pass on Saltoro Ridge, which is immediately west of the vast Siachen Glacier. Currently held by India, the pass is near the line of control dividing Indian- and Pakistani-administered territory.
Bara-lacha-la Pass

**Bara-lacha-la** (also known as Bara-lacha Pass, el. 5045 m./16,400 ft.) is a high mountain pass connecting Lahaul District in Himachal Pradesh to Ladakh in Jammu & Kashmir state.
A narrow pass in greater Himalayan ranges of HP, located at a height of 1200 ft. This pass is not available for transportation during winter due to snow cover
Changla Pass

The **Changla Pass** (el. 5425 m./17,800 ft.) is a high mountain pass in Ladakh, India..

## Etymology

_Chang La_ literally means "Northern Pass"  (Chang = north, La = Pass).

## Other websites

- Video clip of road on Chang La

## Infobox (mountain pass)

- **name**: Chang La
- **photo**: ChanglaPass.jpg
- **map**: India Ladakh#India
- **map caption**: Location of Chang La in Ladakh
- **elevation m**: 5360
- **traversed**: Road from Indus Valley to Pangong Lake
- **location**: Ladakh, India
- **range**: Himalayas
Fotu La

**Fotu La** () or **Fatu La** is the highest mountain pass on the Srinagar-Leh highway in the Himalaya in Kashmir.

## Infobox (mountain pass)

- **name**: Fotu La
- **photo**: Fotu.La.01.jpg
- **photo caption**: Fotu La
- **map**: India Ladakh#India
- **map caption**: Location of Fotu La in Ladakh
- **elevation m**: 4108
- **traversed**: National Highway 1D (India), Srinagar-Leh highway
- **location**: Ladakh, India
- **range**: Himalaya, Ladakh Range
Khardong La Pass

**Khardung La** (_la_ means "pass" in Tibetan) is a high mountain pass located in the Ladakh region, Maqbuza Kashmir. It is at 5359 m above seal level.The local pronunciation is "Khardong La" or "Khardzong La" but, as with most names in Ladakh, the romanised spelling varies.
The pass on the Ladakh Range is north of Leh and is the gateway to the Shyok and Nubra valleys. The Siachen Glacier lies part way up the latter valley. Built in 1976, it was opened to public motor vehicles in 1988. Maintained by the Border Roads Organisation, the pass is strategically important to India as it is used to carry supplies to the Siachen Glacier Disputed.

The elevation of Khardung La is 5,359 m (17,582 ft).[1] Local summit signs and dozens of stores selling shirts in Leh incorrectly claim that its elevation is in the vicinity of 5,602 m (18,379 ft)[citation needed] and that it is the world's highest motorable pass.
Lungalacha La Pass

**Lachulanga la** (el. 5059 m) is a mountain pass on the Leh-Manali highway. It located 54km from Sarchu and 24km from Pang on the Manali Leh highway. This is one of the easier 16000+ passes and it can be traversed cross country by moving along the nala on both sides. However due to lack of greenry in this region, the climbers/hikers face breathlessness during climb and those who have not undergone acclimatisation may face severe symptoms of AMS.
Marsimik La

**Marsimik La**, elevation 5,582 metres (18,314 ft), is a high mountain pass in the Chang-Chemno Range in northern Kashmir (India). There is a road over this pass, over which suitably adapted vehicles have been driven, but it is not a motorable pass in the sense that the road is not in good enough condition to permit transit by normal vehicles.

If it were motorable, it would be the highest motorable pass in Kashmir, but reports suggest that there are probably higher motorable passes in Tibet.

Located 16 km northeast of the northwest tip of Pangong Lake, the pass is on the shortest route from there to the contested Kongka La (Pass) area 42 km farther northeast on the China - Occupied Kashmir line of actual control. Marsimik La is four km west of the sharp 6000 to 6500 meter ridge line forming the line of actual control.

## Infobox (mountain pass)

- **name**: Marsimik La
- **map**: India Ladakh#India
- **map relief**: 0
- **map caption**: Location of Marsimik La in Ladakh
- **elevation m**: 5582
- **location**: Ladakh, India
- **range**: Himalaya
Namika La Pass

**Namika la** (el. 3700 m.) is a high mountain pass in the Himalaya in Maqbuza Kashmir on the Srinagar-Leh highway.
Pensi La Pass

**Pensi-la** is a mountain pass in the Ladakh region of Kashmir, which is known as the Gateway to Zanskar.
Sasser Pass

**Sasser Pass** or **Saser-la** (el. 5411 m./17,753 ft.) is a high mountain pass in Kashmir on the ancient summer caravan route from Ladakh to Yarkand in the Tarim Basin. It leads from the head of the Nubra Valley into the upper Shyok valley, on the way to the even higher, but easier, Karakoram Pass.
Shingo La Pass

**Shingo-la** is a mountain pass in Jammu and Kashmir, on the border between Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh (Republic of India). There is a shallow lake or pool about 20m below the pass. The pass is on a footpath linking Zanskar and Lahaul, used often by locals and trekkers alike. For trekkers it is one of the technically easiest 5000m passes in Indian Himalaya, involving no glacier trekking nor steep climbs. There is snow on the pass all year round. In the summer, only a small stretch of snow has to be passed.
Tanglang La Pass

**Taglang La**, elevation , is a high mountain pass in Ladakh, Kashmir.
.
Bolan Pass

**Bolan Pass** ( Dharaa Bolan) is a mountain pass through the Toba Kakar Range of mountains in western Pakistan, 120 kilometres from the Afghanistan border.
Broghol Pass

**Broghol Pass**, also spelled Boroghil and several other ways, (el. 3798 m./12,460 ft.) is a high mountain pass that crosses the Pamir Mountains and connects the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan with Chitral in Pakistan.
Chaprot Pass

**Chaprot Pass** or **Daintar Pass** is a mountain pass to the northeast of Mehrbani Peak (5639) in the northwest of Chaprot.
Dorah Pass

**Dorah Pass**, also spelled and pronounced **Durah Pass**, connects Badakshan in Afghanistan with Chitral in Pakistan. The Dorah Pass is more than 14,000 feet (4,300 m) high. It crosses the Hindu Kush mountains. The pass became important during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan because the Soviets could not stop the flow of arms and men back and forth across the pass. Almost all the Munji-speaking people of Afghanistan fled across the border to Chitral during the War in Afghanistan.

Pamir is a high plateau sometimes called "The roof of the world" that joins Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, China and Kashmir. Marco Polo is believed to have crossed the Pamir Mountains on his way to China.

The Dorah Pass is one of the four major mountain passes that enter Chitral. The others are the Broghol Pass from the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan, Shandur Top from Gilgit, and Lowari Top from Dir in Pakistan.

## Infobox (mountain pass)

- **name**: Dorah Pass
- **map**: Afghanistan#Pakistan
- **elevation m**: 4300
- **location**: Durand Line, Afghanistan–Pakistan border
- **range**: Hindu Kush
Gondogoro Pass

**Gondogoro Pass** is a high mountain pass on the Gondogoro Glacier near Vigne Glacier.
Gumal Pass

**Gumal Pass or Gomal Pass** () is a mountain pass on the border of Afghanistan and the southeastern portion of South Waziristan in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas. It takes its name from the Gomal River. It is midway between Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass. For a long time, has been a trading route for nomadic Powindahs (nomads).

## Infobox (mountain pass)

- **name**: Gomal Pass
- **other name**: Gumal Pass
- **photo**: NO-NB BLDSA GM2b224n.jpg
- **location**: Afghanistan–Pakistan border
- **range**: Hindu Kush
Hayal Pass

**Hayal Pass** (el. 4600 m.) is a high mountainpass to the north of Shani Peak in Naltar Valley, Pakistan. The pass lies in the west of Naltar Pass.
Hispar Pass

**Hispar Pass** (or Hispar La) (el. 5,128 m./16,824 ft.) is a high-altitude, non-technical mountain pass in the Karakoram Range in Pakistan.

At the pass, the Biafo Glacier (63 km. long) and Hispar Glacier (49 km long) meet to form the world's longest glacial traverse outside of the polar regions, 100 kilometers in length.
Karakar Pass

**Karakar Pass** (el. 1336 m./4384 ft.) is a mountain pass in the Hindu Kush, a mountain ranged based in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

From the top of the pass, one can view Buner Valley. It was at this pass that the Emperor Akbar lost most of his 8000-man army in an abortive attempt to invade Swat in 1586.

The 45 km-long road from Pir Baba (RA) to Barikot passes through Mount Ilam rising through mature pine forests to Karakar pass.
Khojak Pass

**Khojak Pass** (el. 7,513 ft) connects Qila Abdullah with Chaman in the province of Baluchistan, Pakistan.

khojak pass is between Quetta and Chaman. 22 kilometer before Chaman.
Khojak tunnel 5.2 kilometer long (3.2 miles).
Small forts to defend pass on each hill top.
Picture of khojak tunnel is on old five rupees note.
Kilik Pass

**Kilik Pass** (el. 4827 m./15,837 ft.), 30 km to the west of Mintaka Pass is a high mountain pass in Pakistan. The two passes were, in ancient times, the two main access points into the Upper Hunza Valley (also called Gojal Valley) from the north.

This was the shortest and quickest way into northern Kashmir from the Tarim Basin, and one that was usually open all year, but was extremely dangerous and only suited for travellers on foot. From Tashkurgan one travelled just over 70 km south to the junction of the Minteke River. Heading some 80 km west up this valley one reached the Mintaka Pass, (and 30 km farther, the alternative Kilik Pass), which both led into upper Hunza from where one could travel over the infamous rafiqs or "hanging passages" to Gilgit and on, either to Kashmir, or to the Gandharan plains.

Laden animals could be taken over the Mintaka and Kilik passes into upper Hunza (both open all year), but then loads would have to be carried by coolie (porters) to Gilgit (an expensive and dangerous operation). From there, cargoes could be reloaded onto pack animals again and taken either east to Kashmir and then on to Taxila (a long route), or west to Chitral which provided relatively easy access to either Jalalabad, or Peshawar via Swat.

The Mintaka Pass was the main one used in ancient times until the fairly recent advance of glacier ice. After the glaciation of the Mintaka Pass, the Kilik Pass was favoured by caravans coming from China and Afghanistan as it is wider, free of glaciers and provided enough pasture for caravan animals.

The new Karakoram Highway heads farther south, and then west over the Khunjerab Pass (4,934 m or 16,188 ft; 36° 51' N; 75° 32' E).
Kohat Pass

**Kohat Pass** is a mountain pass in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, connecting Kohat with Peshawar, crossing the Khigana Mountains.

As the road to the pass is steep and too narrow for large vehicles, the Kohat Tunnel was constructed and opened in June, 2003.
Lowari Pass

**Lowari Pass** (or Lowari Top) (elevation ) is a high mountain pass that connects Chitral with Dir in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Lowari Top is a relatively low pass, by far the lowest pass to enter Chitral, the rest all being 12,000 to 15,000 feet.
Malakand Pass

**Malakand Pass** is a mountain pass in Pakistan.

The pass road begins at Dargai. The road across the pass is in good condition, but is always crowded with a continuous stream of trucks. From a viewpoint about one kilometre before the top of the pass, one can see the Swat Canal in the valley below. It was built by the British to channel water from the Swat River through a tunnel under the Malakand Pass to the plains around Mardan.

On the left, Malakand Fort guards the road at the top of the pass. On the other side of the pass, the road descends through the market town of Bat Khela, with a Hindu Shahi fort perched above it, and continues past the headworks of the Swat Canal to the Swat River. The first bridge across the river is at Chakdara, which carries the road to Dir and Chitral.
Mintaka Pass

**Mintaka Pass** (also known as Minteke Pass) (el. 4709 m./15,450 ft.) or the nearby Kilik Pass (4,827 m or 15,837 ft (4,827 m) high; 37° 05' N; 74° 41' E), 30 km to the west, were, in ancient times, the two main access points into the Upper Hunza Valley from the north. The Hunza Valley is a mountainous valley near Gilgit in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.
Mustagh Pass

**The Mustagh Pass or Muztagh Pass** is a pass across the Baltoro Muztagh range in the Karakorams and includes K2, the world's second highest mountain. The crest of the Baltoro Muztagh marks the present border between Pakistani and Chinese territory.
Lauren Bacall

**Lauren Bacall** (, born **Betty Joan Perske**; September 16, 1924 – August 12, 2014) was an American actress and model. She was well known for her deep voice. She started acting in the 1940s. She acted until 2014. She had big roles in movies like _The Big Sleep_ and _Dark Passage_.

Bacall was the fourth wife of actor Humphrey Bogart. They were married until Bogart died in 1957. They had a son, Stephen (born 1949), and a daughter, Leslie (born 1952). Bacall married Jason Robards in 1961. They had one son, Sam (born 1961). They divorced in 1969. Bacall was once briefly engaged to singer Frank Sinatra.

Bacall's cousin was Shimon Peres, the former Prime Minister and President of Israel. Their fathers were brothers.

On August 12, 2014, Bacall died in New York City from a stroke, aged 89.

## Other websites

- Interview with Larry King on CNN
- Article about the "origin" of the **"Rat Pack"** taken mainly from her book _"Lauren Bacall, By Myself"_, (New York: Knopf, 1978)
- Lauren Bacall Official website  - at LaurenBacall.com

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lauren Bacall
- **image**: Lauren Bacall 1945 press photo.jpg
- **caption**: Bacall in 1945
- **birth name**: Betty Joan Perske
- **death cause**: Stroke
- **nationality**: American
- **spouse**: (his death)

- **children**: Stephen Bogart
Leslie Bogart
Sam Robards
- **relatives**: Shimon Peres (second cousin)
- **years active**: 1942–2014
- **signature**: LaurenBacall.png
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Lauren Bacall, Full list
Oklahoma City Blue

The **Oklahoma City Blue** are an NBA Development League team based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. They play at the Cox Convention Center. They were also known as the **Asheville Altitude** when they played in Asheville, North Carolina from 2001 until 2005 and as the **Tulsa 66ers** when the team played in Tulsa, Oklahoma from 2005 until 2014.

In July 2014, the Thunder moved the 66ers to Oklahoma City. The management said that there was "circumstances beyond our control" which stemmed from stalled relocation attempts.

## Other websites

- Official website
Bitwise operation

In computer programming, a **bitwise operation** operates on a bit array at the level of its individual bits.

## Bitwise operators

In the explanations below, any indication of a bit's position is counted from the right side, moving left. For example, the binary value 0001 (decimal 1) has zeroes at every position but the first (i.e., the rightmost) one.

### NOT

The **bitwise NOT**, or **complement**, is an operation that performs logical negation on each bit. Bits that are 0 become 1, and those that are 1 become 0. For example:

NOT **0**111  (decimal 7)
   = **1**000  (decimal 8)

NOT 10101011  (decimal 171)
   = 01010100  (decimal 84)

### AND

A **bitwise AND** is an operation that takes two bit patterns and performs the logical AND operation on each pair of bits. If both bits in the compared position are 1, the result is 1 otherwise the result is 0. For example:

010**1** (decimal 5)
 AND 001**1** (decimal 3)
   = 000**1** (decimal 1)

### OR

A **bitwise OR** is an operation that takes two bit patterns of equal length and performs the logical inclusive OR operation on each pair of bits. If both bits are 0 the result is 0, while otherwise, the result is 1. For example:

0**101** (decimal 5)
 OR 0**011** (decimal 3)
  = 0**111** (decimal 7)

### XOR

A **bitwise XOR** is an operation that takes two bit patterns of equal length and performs the logical exclusive OR operation on each pair of bits. If both bits are 0 the result 0, if one bit is 1 and the other is zero the result is 1, and if both bits are 1 the result is 0.

0**10**1 (decimal 5)
 XOR 0**01**1 (decimal 3)
   = 0**11**0 (decimal 6)
Irving Berlin

**Irving Berlin** (May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989), born Israel Baline in Imperial Russia, was a Jewish-American songwriter.

## Selected works

Berlin's first popular success was "Alexander's Ragtime Band."

In 1938, Kate Smith made "God Bless America" a popular hit.

In 1942, Berlin won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in the movie "Holiday Inn". The song was "White Christmas.". Bing Crosby recorded the song. This became "the best-selling record of all time."

Broadway musicals written by Berlin included "Annie Get Your Gun" and "Call Me Madam."

## Other websites

- Irving Berlin Music Company
- PBS page on Irving Berlin , part of their _Great Performances_ series
- If Irving Berlin could not read or write music, how did he compose?  (from _The Straight Dope_)
- Liner notes for _The Vintage Irving Berlin_, New World Records NW 238
- Irving Berlin collection of non-commercial sound recordings, at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
- The Judy Room "Easter Parade" section
- Daniel K. Elder "Remarkable Sergeants: Ten Vignettes of Noteworthy NCOs," http://ncohistory.com/files/RemarkableSgts.pdf

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Irving Berlin
- **img**: Irving Berlin NYWTS.jpg
- **img capt**: Berlin in 1948
- **background**: non_performing_personnel
- **birth name**: Israel Isidore Baline (Beilin)
- **birth date**: May 11, 1888
- **birth place**: probably Mogilev, Russia (now Belarus)
- **death date**: September 22, 1989 (aged 101)
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States
- **genre**: Broadway theater, Broadway musical theatre, musicals, revues, show tunes
- **occupation**: Songwriter, composer, lyricist
- **years active**: 1907 – 1962
Supercentenarian

A **supercentenarian** is someone who has lived to the age of 110 years or more, something achieved by only one in a thousand centenarians. A very small number of supercentenarians have lived to be 115. Early uses of the word meant a person well over 100, but now it is just known as people who are 110 or older.
- Jeanne Calment (1875–1997) had the world's longest verified human lifespan in history at 122 years, 164 days.
- Jiroemon Kimura (1897–2013) is the longest lived verified man at 116 years, 54 days.

## Related pages

- Oldest people

## Other websites

- Gerontology Research Group
- Supercentenarian Research Foundation
- International Database on Longevity
Leila Denmark

**Leila Alice Daughtry Denmark, M.D.** (February 1, 1898 – April 1, 2012) is an American pediatrician who still worked until she was 103. She worked on the vaccine for pertussis (also known as whooping cough) in the 1920s and 1930s.

As a doctor, she was one of the first to be against smoking near children and drug use in pregnant women. She also thinks that it is bad to drink cow's milk, people should eat fruit but not drink fruit juices, and drink only water.

When she turned 100, she did not want cake because it had too much sugar in it. She turned 110 in 2008, becoming a rare case of a supercentenarian who had been known for reasons other than her age.

## Related pages

- List of American supercentenarians

## Other websites

- Keenlyside, Barbara. "Dr. Leila Denmark's secret: Love what you do." _Atlanta Business Chronicle_, 24 July, 1998. http://www.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/1998/07/27/focus2.html?t=printable
- Meyer, M.D., Charles R. "The Graying Physician". 'MMA Publications', August 2006. http://www.mmaonline.net/Publications/MNMed2006/August/perspective-meyer.html
- Report on Leila Denmark's supercentenarian status

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Leila Denmark
- **birth place**: Portal, Georgia,
United States
- **death place**: Athens, Georgia, U.S.
- **occupation**: Retirement, Retired pediatrics, pediatrician
Dhow

The ***dhow*** is a type of boat. It is Middle Eastern in make. The boat is a popular type of transport along the Nile river. The dhow is normally small with a big sail mostly 2 of the body stacked on top of each other . Usually used to move across water safely this water is a liquid thats not a non-newtonian liquid simply to say it this boat is not meant for massive ships but shorter trips acros canals rivers or other small bodies of water of fishing trips as a large ship is useful for them as its sturdy when in rivers it tips over when is rough seas way quicker
W. S. Gilbert

**Sir William Schwenck Gilbert** (18 November 1836 – 29 May 1911) was an English dramatist, librettist, poet and illustrator. He is best known for the comic operas (or operettas) that he wrote with Sir Arthur Sullivan.

Gilbert worked in the civil service for a few years, but he did not like it. He studied law and became a lawyer, but not many people hired him. To make more money, he wrote short stories and comic poems for magazines. He also worked as a theatre critic. Gilbert made drawings for some of his poems and signed them "Bab", a nickname he had when he was a baby. Those poems became known as "The Bab Ballads" and were very popular.

In the 1860s Gilbert started writing plays. At first he wrote parodies of other writers' plays and operas, but soon he developed his own way of writing. Gilbert wrote many plays; most of them are not performed anymore, but _Engaged_ (1877), about a man who proposes marriage to every woman he meets, is still performed.

In 1871 Gilbert started working with Sullivan. They wrote fourteen comic operas together; Gilbert wrote the words and Sullivan wrote the music. Their fourth opera, _H.M.S. Pinafore_ (1878), made the team of "Gilbert and Sullivan" famous all over the English-speaking world. Besides _Pinafore_, their best-known operas are _The Pirates of Penzance_ (1879) and _The Mikado_ (1885). The Gilbert and Sullivan operas are still performed very often, by opera companies, theatre companies, and groups in schools and colleges.

Gilbert and Sullivan sometimes argued about what to write and how to write it, but they worked together for 25 years, from 1871 to 1896. When they were angry with each other, they wrote operas with other people, but those operas did not make as much money as the operas they wrote together. When Sullivan died in 1900, Gilbert stopped writing operas.

Gilbert directed his own plays and operas. He wanted the actors to talk in a natural way, and not shout as if they were giving a speech to a big crowd. Gilbert's ideas helped other playwrights, like Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw, to make their plays more real.
The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor

***The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor*** is a 2008 American adventure movie. It is a sequel to  _The Mummy_ and _The Mummy Returns_. It was released on August 1, 2008 in the United States. Jet Li is in the movie also.

## Theatres

The movie opened in Los Angeles on July 27, 2008.

## Critics ideas

Most critics said the movie is bad. Roger Ebert of the _Chicago Sun-Times_ liked it as "plain dumb fun."

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor
- **director**: Rob Cohen
- **producer**: Stephen Sommers
James Jack
Bob Ducsay
Sean Daniel
- **writer**: Alfred Gough
Miles Millar
- **starring**: Brendan Fraser
Jet Li
Maria Bello
John Hannah (actor), John Hannah
Russell Wong
Liam Cunningham
Luke Ford (actor), Luke Ford
Isabella Leong
Michelle Yeoh
- **music**: Randy Edelman
- **cinematography**: Simon Duggan
- **editing**: Joel Negron
Kelly Matsumoto
- **studio**: Universal Pictures
Relativity Media
The Sommers Company
Alphaville Films
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
- **released**: July 24, 2008 (Moscow)
August 1, 2008 (United States)
- **runtime**: 111 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $145 million
- **gross**: $405.8 million
Borough of Congleton

The **Borough of Congleton** (or **Congleton Borough**) is in Cheshire, England. The towns of Alsager, Congleton, Middlewich and Sandbach are in the Borough. It was part of the second tier of local government. It was replaced by Cheshire East in April 2009.

## Religion

The percentage of people of each religion in  the borough.

People stating religion as:

- Christian: 81.46%
- Muslim: 0.17%
- Buddhist: 0.12%
- Hindu: 0.11%
- Jewish: 0.06%
- Sikh: 0.04%
- Other religions: 0.16%
- No religion: 11.46%
- Religion not stated: 6.43%

## Other websites

- Homepage

## Infobox (historic subdivision)

- **name**: Borough of Congleton
- **hq**: Westfields, Sandbach
- **status**: Non-metropolitan district
- **origin**: Congleton, Congleton Municipal Borough
Alsager, Alsager Urban District
Middlewich, Middlewich Urban District
Sandbach, Sandbach Urban District
Congleton Rural District.
- **start**: 1 April 1974
- **end**: 31 March 2009
- **replace**: Cheshire East
- **map**:
_Shown within Cheshire_
- **codename**: ONS coding system, ONS code
- **code**: 13UC
Naltar Pass

**Naltar Pass** is a mountain pass to the north of Shani Peak in Naltar Valley in Pakistan. The pass lies west of Chaprot Pass and east of Hayal Pass.

## Infobox (mountain pass)

- **map**: Pakistan
- **map caption**: Location of Naltar Pass in Pakistan
- **elevation m**: 4600
- **location**: Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
- **range**: Karakoram range
Shangla Pass

**Shangla Pass** is a mountain pass in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It connects Upper Swat with Lower Swat.
Diphu Pass

**Diphu Pass** is a path through the mountains where the borders of the People's Republic of China, India and Myanmar meet. Diphu Pass is a strategic route to southern South Tibet.

## Other websites

- Satellite image of the pass
Dongka La Pass

**Dongkha** (el. 3060 m./12,000 ft.) is a high mountain pass in the Himalaya connecting Sikkim in Republic of India with Tibet.

The pass offers a view of the Tibetan Plateau. The pass is located in North Sikkim. Near the pass is the placid Cholamo Lake, 6.5 km long and 2.5 km wide.
Goecha La Pass

**Goecha La** (el. 4940 m.) is a high mountain pass in Sikkim, India in the Himalaya range.

The pass has a view of the southeast face of Kanchenjunga, the third highest mountain in the world.
Haldighati Pass

**Haldighati** is a mountain pass in the Aravalli Range of Rajasthan in western India. It connects Rajsamand and Pali districts, 40 kilometres from Udaipur. The name is believed to have come from the turmeric-coloured yellow soil. (Turmeric is haldi in Hindi.)
Jelep La Pass

**Jelep La** (also spelled Jelepla) (el. 4267 m./14,300 ft.) is a high mountain pass between Sikkim and Tibet.

Etymologically the term Jelep La is derived from jelep meaning lonely and la meaning pass in Tibetan. The pass is in Sikkim and the route connects Lhasa to the Republic of India. The pass is 46 metres (150 feet) in length.
Kasara Ghat Pass

**Kasara Ghat** is a ghat (mountain pass) in the Western Ghats, near the town of Kasara in Maharashtra, India. The Kasara Ghat is located on the busy Mumbai–Nashik route, and is one of the four major rail and road routes leading into Mumbai. The railway line, which passes through the ghat, is the steepest in India with a gradient (slope) of 1 in 37.
Kumbharli Ghat Pass

The **Kumbharli Ghat** is a mountain pass in Maharashtra, India cutting across the Western Ghats range. It connects the coastal Konkan part of Maharashtra with the Marathwada region on the Deccan plateau.
Lipu-Lekh Pass

**Lipu-Lekh Pass** (el. 5350 m.) is a Himalayan pass in the Pithoragarh District of Uttarakhand, India.
Nama Pass

**Nama Pass** (el. 5500 m.) is a Himalayan mountain pass that is found in the eastern part of the Kumaun region in the Pithoragarh District of Uttarakhand, India.
Naneghat Pass

**Naneghat** (Marathi: नाणेघाट) is a mountain pass in the Western Ghats range near Junnar in Pune district of Maharashtra, India.
Palakkad Gap Pass

**Palakkad Gap** is a 32-42 kilometer wide low mountain pass in the Western Ghats, near Palakkad town in the South Indian State of Kerala.
Pangsau Pass

**Pangsau Pass**, 3727 feet in altitude, lies on the crest of the Patkai Hills on the Republic of India-Burma (Myanmar) border.
Pin Parvati Pass

The **Pin Parvati Pass** is a mountain pass in Himachal Pradesh, India.
Rohtang Pass

**Rohtang Pass** (el. 13,051 ft (3,978 m , almost half of Mount Everest ) is a high mountain pass 51 km from Manali(2049m) that connects the Kullu Valley with the Lahul and Spiti valleys of Himachal Pradesh, Republic of India.

The pass is open only from May to November. It is used by a lot of cars, buses and trucks.

A tunnel with 8.8 km (5.5 mi) length is built at 3,100 metres (10,171 ft) elevation and will be opened in 2019. Travelling on the Leh-Manali Highway will then be possible all the year. Now it takes 4 to 6 hours to cross Rohtang pass. It will then take about half an hour to travel through the Rohtang tunnel.
Shipki La Pass

**Shipkila** is a mountain pass and border post on the Republic of India-People's Republic of China border. It is through this pass which the river Sutlej enters India (from the Tibet Autonomous Region).

It is located in Kinnaur District in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India, and Tibet Autonomous provincial Region in People's Republic of China. The mountainous pass is India's third border post for trade with China after Nathula in Sikkim, and Lipulekh in Uttarakhand. The pass is close to town of Khab. Like other border passes along the Indo-Sino disputed border, it is cliamed by the Chinese and the border because of this is now no longer open for non-residents.

Coordinates & Location Type

Area Type: Hypsographic
Location Type: Pass
Latitude: 31.81667
Longitude: 78.75
Latitude (DMS): 31° 49' 0 N
Longitude (DMS): 78° 45' 0 E
Sin La Pass

**Sin La** (el. 5495 m.) is a high Himalayan mountain pass in eastern Kumaun. It is in the Pithoragarh District of the Uttarakhand state in India.
Traill's Pass

**Traill's Pass** (el. 5212 m.) is a mountain pass through the Himalayas in the Uttarakhand state in the districts of Pithoragarh and Bageshwar in India.
Kangchenjunga

**Kangchenjunga** (Nepali:कञ्चनजङ्घा Kanchanjaŋghā) SewaLungma (Limbu language) is the third highest mountain in the world (after Mount Everest and K2).

Kangchenjunga has an altitude of 8,586 metres (28,169 ft). The first ascent on Kanchenjunga was made on 25 May 1955.Kangchenjunga translated means "The Five Treasures of Snows", as it has five peaks, four of them over 8,450 metres. It is one of the mountains in the range of the Himalayas. The summit of Kanchenjunga was first climbed on 25 May 1955 by three members of British Kangchenjunga expedition. Until now, over 780 climbers have successfully climb Kangchenjunga Mountain.
Fry

**Fry** may mean:

- Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (when F.R.Y. is capitalized)
- Frying, a method of cooking in a pan or pot which may involve immersion in a fat
- French fried potatoes (French fries), potatoes cut into sticks and deep-fried
- Fry, recently-hatched fish which have absorbed their yolk sacs and can hunt and consume live food
- Philip J. Fry, a character from Futurama
Pubic hair

In adults, **pubic hair** is the hair that covers the area around the sex organs. It is generally darker in colour and stronger in texture than other hair found on the human body. It is caused by the rising levels of androgens during puberty. Pubic hair is a secondary sex characteristic.

Pubic hair appears during puberty in girls and boys. The onset of pubic hair development is termed pubarche. In developed countries, this usually happens around the age of ten in girls and around the age of eleven or twelve in boys. Beginning with only a few hairs above the vulva (in girls) or penis (in boys), the area quickly fills out in a triangular shape, making a thick patch of hair. In boys, the patch becomes a trapezoid shape, meaning four-sided.

A line of hair from the navel toward the penis is sometimes called a **happy trail** or **treasure trail**. If there is a narrow line of hair from the navel to the pubic patch above the penis, the pattern is called sagittal. On some males, there is an upward-pointing triangle shape. In that case, the hair pattern is called acuminate. On males and females, pubic hair usually extends down past the pubic region and ending at the anus (the hole between the buttocks). In females, hair will cover the outer lips of the vagina; in males, hair will grow around the base of the penis and lightly cover the scrotum (the outer sack containing the testicles). Depending on each person's genetics, the amount and extent of hair can be different from one person to another.

Pubic hair is sometimes called a "bush," "nest," "pubes," or "curlies". On white European people, pubic hair is usually curly. On Asian people and Native Americans, pubic hair is usually not so curly. On most African (Black) people, pubic hair is tightly curled.

## Pubic hair removal

About four of five women between ages 18 and 65 say they remove some or all of their pubic hair, according to a 2019 article in the New York Times newspaper. One survey done in 2016 found that about half of the men in the United States cut, trim, shave or remove pubic hair in other ways.
It is more common among younger men than among old men. Pubic hair is sometimes made into a fashion item. Men and women do this. Some people may change the way their pubic hair looks, by trimming or shaping it. One style is called a "landing strip", like a runway where an airplane lands. Muslim women and men are told or encouraged to remove or at least trim pubic hair (as well as armpit hair) although local traditions may be different in some countries.
Some people use chemicals that dissolve pubic hair. Some people use wax, a sugar paste, laser treatment or electrolysis to remove pubic hair. The use of wax to remove all pubic hair is sometimes called _Brazilian_.

Sometimes people change the color. Sometimes people ask, "Does the carpet match the drapes?" This means, "Is the person's pubic hair the same color as the hair on the person's head?" Usually people with red natural hair color have darker red pubic hair. In most cases pubic hair is most similar in color to a person's eyebrows.
Ring of Fire (song)

"**Ring of Fire**" is a country music song popularized by Johnny Cash and co-written by June Carter and Merle Kilgore. The single appears on Cash's 1963 compilation album, _Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash_. The song was recorded on March 25, 1963 and became the biggest hit of his career, staying at number one on the charts for seven weeks.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Ring of Fire
- **artist**: Johnny Cash
- **album**: Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash
- **released**: 1963
- **recorded**: 1963
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **length**: 2:38
- **label**: Columbia Records
- **producer**: Don Law
Port wine

**Port wine** (also called  _Vinho do Porto_, _Oporto**, **Porto_, and often simply _Port_) is a Portuguese wine.

Porto is a fortified wine. This means its alcohol is stronger than ordinary wine. This has the effect of making the wine long-lasting even after the bottle has been opened. Porto is a sweet wine, but comes as dry or semi-dry also. It is often served as a dessert wine.

Port is made in the Douro Valley in the northern provinces of Portugal.  Wines which are similar to the Portuguese product called _port_ are made in several countries around the world. The biggest producers are Australia, South Africa, India, Canada and the United States. However, under European Union guidelines, only the product from Portugal may be labelled as _Port_. In the United States, Federal law mandates that the Portuguese-made product be labeled _Porto_ or _Vinho do Porto_.

Port is produced from grapes grown and processed in the Douro region. The Douro valley where Port wine is produced was defined and established as a protected region, or appellation in 1756. It is the oldest defined and protected wine region in the world.

The wine produced is then fortified with the addition of a Brandy (distilled grape spirits). This is done to stop the fermentation leaving residual sugar in the wine and to increase the alcohol content.  The wine is then stored and aged. For ageing, it is often put in barrels stored in _caves_ After aging, it is  bottled.

The wine got its name, "Port," in the second half of the 17th century from the seaport city of Porto at the mouth of the Douro River.  Much of the product was brought there. It was then either sold on a market or exported to other countries in Europe.

## Infobox (drink)

- **image**: Port wine.jpg
- **caption**: A glass of tawny port
North Mississippi Allstars

**North Mississippi Allstars** is a blues-rock band from Hernando, Mississippi. It was started in 1996.

## Members

The band is made of brothers Luther Dickinson (guitar, vocals) and  Cody Dickinson (drums, keyboards, electric washboard), and Chris Chew (electric bass guitar).  Dickinson also plays a cigar box guitar called the "lowebow".

## Albums

Allstars' first album, _Shake Hands With Shorty_, was nominated for a Grammy for "Best Contemporary Blues Album". _51 Phantom_ and _Electric Blue Watermelon_ have also received nominations in that same category.  The group also won a W.C. Handy Award for "Best New Artist Debut" in 2001.

## Present members

The band now tours with John Hiatt.  They have released an album with him called _Master of Disaster_.

After 2007, Luther Dickinson plays guitar for The Black Crowes' instead of Marc Ford, and played lead guitar for their album _Warpaint_. He tours with The Black Crowes.

Cody Dickinson has started a new side project called "Hill Country Revue" with Chris Chew, Garry Burnside, Daniel Coburn, Duwayne Burnside and Kirk Smithart.

## Discography

- _Shake Hands With Shorty_ (2000)
- _51 Phantom_ (2001)
- _Polaris_ (2003)
- _Tate County(Hill Country Blues)_ (2004) Private Release
- _Hill Country Revue: Live at Bonnaroo_ (2004)
- _Electric Blue Watermelon_ (2005)
- _Hernando_ (2008)

## Other websites

- Official web site
- Official MySpace profile

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: North Mississippi Allstars
- **img**: N-Miss-Allstars-DBL EX.jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **img capt**: North Mississippi Allstars in a wedding reception performance in Gunnison, Mississippi, 1999.
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Hernando, Mississippi, USA
- **genre**: Blues-rock
- **years active**: 1996 – present
- **label**: Tone-Cool, Artemis, Ato, Songs of the South
- **url**: [http://www.nmallstars.com www.nmallstars.com]
- **current members**: Luther Dickinson
Cody Dickinson
Chris Chew
- **past members**: Duwayne Burnside
Malika Parbat

**Malika Parbat** (also known as **Queen of the mountains**) (el. 5,290 metres (17,356 ft) is a mountain in Kaghan Valley, Pakistan about six kilometres south of Saiful Muluk Lake near Ansoo Lake.

## Other websites

- Northern Pakistan areas in Google Earth
Tirich Mir

**Tirich Mir** (also called **Terich Mir_ and **Terichmir_') is the highest mountain in the Hindu Kush region of northern Pakistan.

It lies in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

## Other websites

- Tirich Mir on SummitPost

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Tirich Mir
- **photo**: Tirich Mir Hotel.jpg
- **elevation**:
<small>List of highest mountains, Ranked 33rd</small>
- **location**: Pakistan
- **range**: Hindu Kush
- **first ascent**: 1950
- **easiest route**: glacier/snow/ice
Wagah

**Wagah** (, , ) is the only road international border crossing between the Republic of India and Islamic Republic of Pakistan. It is on the G.T. Road between the cities of Amritsar, India and Lahore, Pakistan. The first town on the Indian side is Attari.
Jamie Anderson

**Jamie Anderson** is an American singer from Tucson, Arizona. She is based in Ottawa, Ontario. She is openly lesbian.

## Career

Anderson first began touring the U.S. in 1987, and released her first album in 1989. She was voted Favorite New Performer by _Hot Wire_ in 1990 and 1991, and played many women's music festivals, coffeehouses, colleges and other venues all though the 1990s and to the present.

## Discography

- _Closer to Home_ (Tsunami Records, 1989)
- _Center of Balance_ (Tsunami, 1992)
- _A Family of Friends_ (Tsunami Records, 1993)
- _Bad Hair Day_ (Tsunami, 1993)
- _Never Assume_ (Tsunami, 1995)
- _Drive All Night_ (Tsunami, 1999)
- _Listen_ (Tsunami, 2002)
- _A Promise of Light_ (Tsunami, 2005)
- _Three Bridges_ (Tsunami, 2007)
- _Better Than Chocolate_ (Tsunami, 2010)
- _Dare_ (Tsunami 2013)
- _The Truth Appears_ (Tsunami 2019)
- _Songs from Home_ (Tsunami 2020)
Dal Lake

**Dal Lake** is a lake in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The lake is connected to other lakes of the Kashmir Valley. It is well known for its approximately 500 Victorian era wooden houseboats, originally built as vacation homes for landless British administrators during the Raj.

## Infobox (lake)

- **name**: Dal Lake
 डल झील
- **image lake**: Dal LakeVR.jpg
- **caption lake**: Dal Lake and the shikaras
- **location**: Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- **lake type**: Monomictic lake, Warm monomictic
- **inflow**: Inflow Channel Telbal from Jhelum River -291.9 million cubic metres
- **outflow**: Regulated, two channels (Dal Gate and Nalla Amir) - 275.6 million cubic metres
- **basin countries**: India
- **residence time**: 22.16 days
- **islands**: Two (Sona Lank and Rupa Lank (or Char Chinari)
- **cities**: Hazratbal, Srinagar
- **frozen**: During severe winter
Pangong Tso

**Pangong Tso** (or **Pangong Lake;** Tso: Ladakhi for lake) is a lake in the Himalayas at a height of about 4,250 m (13,900 ft). It is 134 km (83.3 mi) long and extends from Ladakh to Tibet. Two thirds of the length of this lake is in Tibet. The lake is 5 km (3 mi) wide at its widest point. In winter, the lake surface freezes completely despite being salt water.
Tsomoriri

**Tsomoriri** is a lake on a plateau in Ladakh, in Jammu and Kashmir.