juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
F.C. AlzanoCene 1909

**F.C. AlzanoCene 1909** is a football club which plays in Italy. The club was founded in 2007 with the merger between **A.S.D. Football Club Alzano 1909** from Alzano Lombardo and **Ardens Cene** from Cene.

## Name

After the merger in 2007, the name of the club was chaged to FC AlzanoCene 1909. Before the merger, each of the 2 clubs that were merged had several names:
|colspan=2|Alzano|
| --- | --- |
|1909-1931|FBC Alzano|
|1931-1993|US Alzano|
|1993-2003|Alzano Virescit FC 1909|
|2004-2007|ASD FC Alzano 1909|
|1947-1965|US Cene|
|1965-2007|Ardens Cene|

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: F.C. AlzanoCene 1909
- **fullname**: Football Club AlzanoCene 1909
- **founded**: 2007
- **ground**: Stadio Carillo Pesenti Pigna,
Alzano Lombardo, Italy
- **capacity**: 1,900
- **chairman**: Giancarlo Pezzoli, Indro Scarpellini
- **manager**: Giorgio Mastropasqua
- **league**: Serie D, Serie D/B
- **season**: 2010–11
- **position**: Serie D/B, 12th
Giuseppe Mazzini

**Giuseppe Mazzini** (22 June 1805 – 32 March 1872) was an Italian patriot, philosopher, Freemason, and politician. His efforts helped bring about Italian unification to replace the several separate states, many of which were dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. He also helped define the modern European movement for democracy in a republican state.

## Criticisms

Karl Marx, on an interview by R. Landor in 1871, said that Mazzini's ideas represents "nothing better than the old idea of a middle-class republic". Marx believed, especially after the Revolutions of 1848, that the middle-class point of view had become reactionary and that the proletariat had nothing to do with it.

## Other websites

- Biography at cronologia.it

## Infobox (philosopher)

- **embed**: yes
- **era**: 19th-century philosophy, 19th-century
- **school tradition**: Romanticism
Divine providence, Providentialism
- **main interests**: History, theology, politics
- **notable ideas**: Pan-Europeanism, Italian irredentism, irridentism, popular democracy, class collaboration
- **religion**: Deist
- **signature**: Giuseppe Mazzini Signature.png


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Giuseppe Mazzini
- **image**: Lama, Domenico (1823-1890) - Giuseppe Mazzini.jpg
- **caption**: Photograph of Mazzini by Domenico Lama
- **office**: Triumvir of the Rome
- **alongside**: Aurelio Saffi, Carlo Armellini
- **term start**: 5 February 1849
- **term end**: 3 July 1849
- **predecessor**: Aurelio Saliceti
- **successor**: Aurelio Saliceti
- **birth place**: Genoa, Gênes, French First Empire, French Empire
- **death place**: Pisa, Kingdom of Italy, Italy
- **party**: Young Italy (historical), Young Italy
Action Party (Italy, 1848), Action Party
- **alma mater**: University of Genoa
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

**Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres** (29 August 1780 – 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassical painter. Although he considered himself a painter of history in the tradition of Nicolas Poussin and Jacques-Louis David, by the end of his life it was Ingres's portraits, both painted and drawn, that were recognized as his greatest legacy.
Foghat

**Foghat** is a British rock band who was most popular in the 1970s and 1980s. They are best known for their song "Slow Ride".

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Foghat
- **img**: Foghat on Stage (20710187958).jpg
- **img capt**: Foghat performing in 2015
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: United Kingdom
- **genre**: Blues rock, boogie rock, hard rock
- **years active**: 1971–1984, 1986–present
- **label**: Bearsville Records, Bearsville
- **url**: [http://www.foghat.com/ www.foghat.com]
[http://www.foghat.net/ www.foghat.net]
- **current members**: Roger Earl
Craig MacGregor
Bryan Bassett
Charlie Huhn
- **past members**: See: #Personnel, Personnel section
NBA Jam (1993 video game)

***NBA Jam*** is an arcade basketball video game. The game was released in 1993. It was both developed and published by Midway. The gameplay for _NBA Jam_ is based on the 1989 video game _Arch Rivals_, which was another 2-on-2 basketball video game. The game is very popular in popular culture.

In the game if you enter a specific code you can unlock Bill Clinton. It is 2 on 2 arcade basketball.
Irkutsk

**Irkutsk** is a city in Russia and the administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast. It was founded in 1661. It is named after the Irkut River.  It is one of the largest cities in Siberia.

## Infobox (russian city)

- **en name**: Irkutsk
- **ru name**: Иркутск
- **image skyline**: Irkutsk Collage.png
- **image caption**: Clockwise, from the upper right corner: Clock Tower, Picture Gallery, Irkutsk panorama from the dam, Local Lore Museum, Khudozhestvenny Cinema, Kazan Church
- **map label position**: top
- **image coa**: Coat of Arms of Irkutsk.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of Irkutsk (Irkutsk oblast).svg
- **anthem**: _none_
- **holiday**: First Saturday of June
- **federal subject**: Irkutsk Oblast
- **adm data as of**: December 2014
- **adm city jur**: City of federal subject significance, City of Irkutsk
- **adm ctr of1**: Irkutsk Oblast
- **adm ctr of2**: Irkutsky District
- **adm ctr of3**: City of Irkutsk
- **inhabloc cat**: City
- **mun data as of**: December 2004
- **urban okrug jur**: Irkutsk Urban Okrug
- **mun admctr of1**: Irkutsk Urban Okrug
- **mun admctr of2**: Irkutsky Municipal District
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Dmitri Berdnikov
- **representative body**: Duma of Irkutsk, Duma
- **area km2**: 277
- **pop 2010census**: 606369
- **pop 2010census rank**: 24th
- **established date**: 1661
- **postal codes**: 664xxx
- **dialing codes**: 3952
- **website**: http://www1.irkutsk.ru
- **date**: May 2010
Fleetwood

**Fleetwood** is a town within the Wyre district of Lancashire, England. It lies at the northwest corner of the Fylde. It had a population of 26,840 people at the 2001 Census. It is part of the Blackpool Urban Area. The town was the first planned place of the Victorian age.  In the twentieth century, Fleetwood was a major deep-sea fishing port, but, since the 1970s, the fishing industry has declined. The town has slowly become poor.  Fleetwood is also a seaside resort.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Fleetwood
- **static image**: Fleetwood - Mar 2008 - Marine Hall and Gardens from the Mount.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Fleetwood - The Marine Hall and Gardens from the Mount</small>
- **country**: England
- **region**: North West England
- **population**: 26,840
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 Census)
- **os grid reference**: SD333479
- **post town**: FLEETWOOD
- **postcode area**: FY
- **postcode district**: FY7
- **dial code**: 01253
- **constituency westminster**: Blackpool North and Fleetwood (UK Parliament constituency), Blackpool North and Fleetwood
- **shire district**: Wyre
- **shire county**: Lancashire
The Fylde

**The Fylde** is a coastal plain in western Lancashire, England.  It is 13-mile (20-kilometre) square-shaped peninsula. It is bounded by Morecambe Bay to the north, the Ribble estuary to the south, the Irish Sea to the west, and the Bowland hills to the east. The eastern boundary is near the M6 motorway.
Leon Redbone

**Leon Redbone** (born **Dickran Gobalian**; August 26, 1949 – May 30, 2019) was a Cypriot-American singer, actor and guitarist. He played mostly jazz and blues.

Redbone sang the theme to the television series _Mr. Belvedere_.  He was a semi-regular musical guest on NBC's _Saturday Night Live_ throughout the late 1970s. He last appeared on the show in 1983.  During the 1980s and '90s, Redbone was a frequent guest on _The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson_. He has also been a guest on _A Prairie Home Companion_ (radio broadcast).

Redbone voiced a fake snowman version of himself in the 2003 comedy Christmas movie _Elf_.

He retired in May 2015 due to health issues. Redbone died under hospice care in New Hope, Pennsylvania on May 30, 2019 at the age of 69. The cause was problems from dementia.

## Studio albums

- _On the Track_ (1975)
- _Double Time_ (1977)
- _Champagne Charlie_ (1978)
- _From Branch to Branch_ (1981)
- _Red to Blue_ (1985)
- _Christmas Island_ (1987)
- _No Regrets_ (1988)
- _Sugar_ (1990)
- _Up a Lazy River_ (1992)
- _Whistling in the Wind_ (1994)
- _Any Time_ (2001)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Leon Redbone
- **image**: Leon_Redbone_at_Knuckleheads_Saloon-Kansas_City_MO.png
- **caption**: Leon Redbone in 2010 at Knuckleheads Saloon in Kansas City, MO
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Dickran Gobalian
- **alias**: Leon Redbone
- **birth place**: Nicosia, Cyprus
- **death place**: New Hope, Pennsylvania, United States, U.S.
- **instrument**: Guitar, Harmonica, Banjo, Piano, Throat Tromnet
- **genre**: Vaudevillian, ragtime, jazz, blues
- **occupation**: musician, songwriter, arranger, producer
- **years active**: 1975—2015
- **label**: Warner Bros. Records, Emerald City Records, Emerald City, Rounder Records, Rounder, August Records, August, Blue Thumb Records
- **website**: [http://www.leonredbone.com www.leonredbone.com]
Yarmouth Clam Festival

The **Yarmouth Clam Festival** is a yearly event in Yarmouth, Maine. It started in 1965 to raise money for around forty local non-profit organizations, churches, and school groups. The event lasts three days. It is held the third weekend in July.

Yarmouth has around 9,000 people.  During the Festival the town has about 120,000 people visit over the course of the weekend.

No festival has been held since 2020 on grounds of COVID-19 pandemic.
Fireflies (song)

"**Fireflies**" is an electropop song by Owl City. The song has reached #1 status on the Canada SoundScan, Danish Singles Chart, Dutch Top 40 and the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.
Steve Kerr

**Steve Kerr** (born September 27, 1965 in Beirut, Lebanon) is a retired NBA basketball player that played for the Phoenix Suns from 1988 to 1989, Cleveland Cavaliers from 1989 to 1992, Orlando Magic from 1992 to 1993, Chicago Bulls from 1993 to 1998, San Antonio Spurs from 1998 to 2001 and again in 2002 to 2003 and the Portland Trail Blazers from 2001–2002. He is currently the head coach for the Golden State Warriors. He played college basketball at the University of Arizona and was drafted by the Phoenix Suns with the 50th overall pick in the second round of the 1988 NBA Draft. Kerr won the NBA Championship five times, three times with the Chicago Bulls and twice with the San Antonio Spurs. His father who was an academic who specialized in the Middle East was assassinated by suspected militant nationalists in Beirut where Steve was born. Steve also has two cousins Jeff and Tom. Jeff writes for the Daily Local in West Chester PA. Tom is an accountant

## Other websites

- Steve Kerr's NBA player profile
Grendel

**Grendel** is one of the three antagonists in the Anglo-Saxon epic poem _Beowulf_ (AD 700–1000). Grendel is usually taken to be some kind of monster, but he is like a human in some ways.

In the poem, Grendel is feared by all but Beowulf, who kills him and his mother at the end of the poem. He is the descendant of the biblical murderer Cain.

_Grendel_, a novel by John C. Gardner, was published in 1971. It tells much of the Beowulf story as if Grendel himself were talking.
Jump River (town), Wisconsin

**Jump River** is a town of Taylor County in the state of Wisconsin in the United States.  275 people were living in Jump River as of 2020.  Jump River has an area of 36 square miles.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Jump River, Wisconsin
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: WIMap-doton-Jump_River.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Jump River, Wisconsin
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of the United States, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wisconsin
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wisconsin, County
- **subdivision name2**: Taylor County, Wisconsin, Taylor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 93.0
- **area land km2**: 93.0
- **area water km2**: 0.0
- **area total sq mi**: 35.9
- **area land sq mi**: 35.9
- **area water sq mi**: 0.0
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2020, 2020
- **population total**: 275
- **population density km2**: 3.0
- **population density sq mi**: 7.7
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 387
- **elevation ft**: 1270
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 55-38627
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1583460
Bulletproof Monk

**Bulletproof Monk** is an action movie starring Chow Yun-Fat. It is loosely based on the comic book by Michael Avon Oeming.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Bulletproof Monk
- **caption**: Theatrical poster
- **director**: Paul Hunter (director), Paul Hunter
- **producer**: Charles Roven
Terence Chang
John Woo
Douglas Segal
- **writer**: Ethan Reiff
Cyrus Voris
- **starring**: Chow Yun-fat
Seann William Scott
Jaime King
- **music**: Eric Serra
- **cinematography**: Stefan Czapsky
- **editing**: Robert K. Lambert
- **studio**: Lakeshore Entertainment
Mosaic Media Group
Lion Rock Productions
- **distributor**: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
- **runtime**: 104 minutes
- **country**: United States
Canada
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $52 million
- **gross**: $37,713,879
La Roux

**La Roux** (pronounced /laˈruː/) is a British electropop synth duo made up of singer-songwriter and keyboardist Elly Jackson, and synth player, co-writer and co-producer Ben Langmaid. Their music is influenced by 1980s synthpop including Yazoo, The Human League, Heaven 17 and Blancmange.

## Career

Since 2008, La Roux has released a few singles. including Bulletproof, which debuted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart. They released a self-titled album in 2009. It received a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album in 2011. Their next album _Trouble in Paradise_ is going to be released on July 7 2014. It will have a more acoustic sound.
Granny Smith

A **Granny Smith** apple is a sour tasting green apple. Granny Smiths are crisp, juicy, tart apples which are excellent for eating raw and cooking with.

## Infobox (cultivar)

- **name**: _Malus_ 'Granny Smith'
- **image**: Granny smith and cross section.jpg
- **hybrid**: Thought to be
_Malus pumila_ × _Malus sylvestris, M. sylvestris_
- **cultivar**: 'Granny Smith'
- **origin**: Maria Ann Smith
Australia, 1868
Metal detector

A **metal detector** is a tool a person can use to help find metal nearby. It is useful for finding metal within other objects, or for finding metal underground. Most metal detectors will make a sound or have a needle move on a sensor in order to show where objects are. This tells how close you are to an object - for example, by making a higher-pitched sound when you are closer to an object.

## History of the metal detector

Alexander Graham Bell invented a kind of metal detector in 1881 when he was trying to find the bullet in President James Garfield's body after he had been shot. The metal detector worked but it was confused between the bullet and a coiled bed-spring on which the President lay.

Gerhard Fischer made a better version in the 1920s but the detector got confused when someone was approaching ore-bearing rocks. He was given a patent in 1925. A businessman named Shirl Herr had earlier tried to get a patent for a metal detector but was not given one until 1928.

## Uses

A metal detector can be used by archaeologists for finding things like metallic coins, bullets, and jewellery underneath or inside a surface.
Yom Kippur

**Yom Kippur** is a Jewish festival. It is also known as the _Day of Atonement_. It lasts 25 hours, from sunset to sunset. During this period, Jews ask God to forgive them for all their sins, fast, and they go to synagogue. Other things people are not allowed to do during Yom Kippur include washing, using perfumes and lotions. Many wear white as a symbol of purity. Even though people fast, Yom Kippur is considered a happy holiday. This is because Jews are sure that God will forgive them on this day.

Yom Kippur is the tenth day of the month of Tishrei in the Hebrew calendar. In Jewish tradition, God writes the fate of each person for the coming year into a "book" on Rosh Hashanah. God waits until Yom Kippur to "seal" the book. During the days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, Jews try to improve their behavior. They ask God to forgive them for sins against God. They also ask _each other_ to forgive them for anything they did to hurt each other. The evening and day of Yom Kippur are used for public and private confessions of guilt (_Vidui_). At the end of Yom Kippur, Jews consider themselves absolved by God.

The Yom Kippur prayer service includes several special parts. One of them is the number of prayer services. A regular day has three prayer services (_Ma'ariv,_ the evening prayer; _Shacharit,_ the morning prayer; and _Mincha,_ the afternoon prayer). A Shabbat or major Jewish holiday has four prayer services (these three plus _Musaf,_ the additional prayer). Yom Kippur has a fifth prayer service: _Ne'ilah,_ the closing prayer. All five prayer services include a public confession of sins (_Vidui_). The additional (_Musaf_) prayer includes a prayer dedicated to the special Yom Kippur _avodah_ (service) of the High Priest in the Temple in Jerusalem.

Yom Kippur is one of the holiest of Jewish holidays. It is observed by many Jews who do not observe other holidays. More people come to synagogue on Yom Kippur than on any other day of the year.

## Dates

- 2017: 29-30 September
- 2018: 18-19 September
- 2019: 8-9 October
- 2020: 27-28 September
- 2021: 15-16 September
- 2022: 4-5 October
Subsolar point

The **subsolar point** on a planet is when its Sun looks like it is directly overhead (in zenith). For planets with a rotation like the Earth's, the subsolar point will move westward, circling the globe once a day.
Hurricane Dennis

**Hurricane Dennis** was the second hurricane and the first major hurricane of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. Dennis struck in the United States near where Hurricane Ivan less than a year before. On July 10 Dennis became the strongest hurricane before August, this record was held by Hurricane Audrey in 1957, meaning the record was not beaten for 48 years. Only six days later, July 16, Hurricane Emily became stronger then Dennis, therefore beating the record again. Dennis left 89 deaths and $4 billion in damage.

## Retirement

Because the damage was heavy the name Dennis was retired. In 2011 the name Don is on the list instead.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Dennis
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 2005
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Dennis 2005-07-10 1615Z (alternate).jpg
- **image name**: Hurricane Dennis on July 10, 2005 at 1615 UTC
- **alt**: A view of Hurricane Dennis from Space on July 10, 2005. The storm's small eye is visible at the center of the image. Dennis is located south of Pensacola, Florida, in the Gulf of Mexico. The western tip of Cuba is seen on the right side of the image.
- **formed**: July 4, 2005
- **dissipated**: July 13, 2005
- **1-min winds**: 130
- **pressure**: 930
- **damages**: 4000
- **inflated**: 2
- **fatalities**: 42 direct, 47 indirect
- **areas**: Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, Cuba, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, Tennessee River, Tennessee and Ohio River, Ohio Valley regions
- **hurricane season**: 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
Black dwarf

A **black dwarf** is a possible kind of star.  A black dwarf is made when a white dwarf star becomes too cold.  When it is cold enough, it can no longer make large amounts of heat and light. The star will get darker and become black.  Scientists are not certain if black dwarfs can exist because it takes longer than the age of the universe (13.8 billion years) for a white dwarf to become one.

A medium or small-sized star (any star less than nine or ten times the size of the sun) becomes white dwarf when it uses all of its fuel.  After the star uses its fuel, it is a very tight ball of gasses.  Then, it becomes colder and colder, until it stops making light and heat, when it is a black dwarf.  Scientists are not sure how long this takes.  Some think it takes 1 quadrillion () years, but others think it could be longer.  Scientists do not believe that black dwarf stars can exist right now because the age of the universe is only 13.8 billion years.
Hurricane Frances

**Hurricane Frances** was the sixth tropical storm, fourth hurricane, and third major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Frances was one of the four hurricanes to have a major impact of the U.S. state of Florida in 2004. Frances made landfall near the same location Hurricane Jeanne would make landfall in about two weeks later. Frances caused about 101 tornadoes from Florida to Virginia. Frances left 49 deaths and $12 billion in damage.

## Retirement

Because of the damage it caused in the United States, the name Frances was retired in the spring of 2005 by the World Meteorological Organization, and will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane. In 2010 the name Fiona is on the list instead.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Frances
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 2004
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Frances 2004-08-31 1755Z.jpg
- **image name**: Hurricane Frances as a Category 4 hurricane
- **formed**: August 24, 2004
- **dissipated**: September 10, 2004
- **1-min winds**: 120
- **pressure**: 928
- **damages**: 10000
- **inflated**: 2
- **fatalities**: 49
- **areas**: British Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahamas, The Bahamas, Florida, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, North Carolina, North and South Carolina, Ohio, and other U.S. states, states, southeast Canada
- **hurricane season**: 2004 Atlantic hurricane season
Patent troll

A **patent troll** is an unkind phrase used to describe a company or person that owns a patent and tries to get other people to pay a lot of money for the right to use the patent. The patent troll usually asks for an amount of money that is less than defending a lawsuit.

A patent troll is different from other patent owners for two reasons. First, the patent troll usually does not make or sell any products itself. Second, a patent troll is also not usually the inventor.  The patent troll instead buys the patent from other companies, and, usually, very cheap because the other company was going out of business.

Patent trolls make a lot of people unhappy because the money paid is a lot like a tax. The term troll itself is meant to invoke the image from fairy tales of a mean monster living under a bridge that makes people pay to cross the bridge.
Gakuya Horii

**Gakuya Horii** (born 3 July 1975) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1998|Ventforet Kofu|Football League|15|1|2|0|-|17|1||
|1999|J2 League|34|7|2|2|2|1|38|10||
|2000|Montedio Yamagata|J2 League|35|7|2|3|1|0|38|10|
|2001|31|10|0|0|2|1|33|11|||
|2001|Consadole Sapporo|J1 League|6|1|0|0|0|0|6|1|
|2002|14|1|1|0|5|0|20|1|||
|2003|J2 League|41|8|3|2|-|44|10|||
|2004|33|1|4|2|-|37|3||||
|2005|11|2|0|0|-|11|2||||
|2006|Ventforet Kofu|J1 League|16|1|0|0|3|0|19|1|

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Gakuya Horii
堀井 岳也
- **fullname**: Gakuya Horii
- **birth place**: Kofu, Yamanashi Prefecture, Yamanashi, Japan
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **youthyears1**: 1991–1993
- **youthclubs1**: Nirasaki High School
- **youthyears2**: 1994–1997
- **youthclubs2**: Aoyama Gakuin University
- **years1**: 1998–1999
- **clubs1**: Ventforet Kofu
- **caps1**: 49
- **goals1**: 8
- **years2**: 2000–2001
- **clubs2**: Montedio Yamagata
- **caps2**: 66
- **goals2**: 17
- **years3**: 2001–2005
- **clubs3**: Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo, Consadole Sapporo
- **caps3**: 105
- **goals3**: 13
- **years4**: 2006
- **clubs4**: Ventforet Kofu
- **caps4**: 16
- **goals4**: 1
- **totalcaps**: 236
- **totalgoals**: 39
House of Bonaparte

The **House of Bonaparte** was an imperial and royal European dynasty founded by Napoleon I of France in 1804, a Corsican military leader who rose to power and transformed the French Republic into the French Empire. The dynasty ruled from 1804 to 1815 and again from 1852 to 1870.

## Napoleon I of France

Napoleon Bonaparte is the most significant person associated with the Bonaparte family because he created the First French Empire that conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. He was elected as first consul of France on November 10, 1799 with the help of his brother, Lucien Bonaparte, speaker of the Council of Five Hundred. He later crowned himself Emperor of the French in December 2, 1804 and King of Italy in May 26 1805. He then made his elder brother Joseph (1768–1844) king of Naples (1806–1808) and then of Spain (1808–1813), his third brother Louis, king of Holland (1806–1810), and his youngest brother Jerome Bonaparte, king of Westphalia(1807-1813).

Napoleon's son Napoleon François Charles Joseph (1811–1832) was created king of Rome (1811–1814) and was later styled Napoleon II by loyalists of the dynasty, though he only ruled for two weeks after his father's abdication. Charles Louis Napoléon (1808–1873), son of Louis Napoléon, was president of France in 1848 and emperor in 1852 until 1870, reigning as Napoléon III. A political movement for Corsican independence surfaced in the 1990s which included a Bonapartist restoration in its programme.

### Emperors of the French

- Napoleon I (1804–1814, 1815), also King of Italy (1805–1814)
- Napoleon II (1815), styled King of Rome from birth, but never reigned
- Napoleon III (1852–1870), nephew of Napoleon I and son of Louis I of Holland

### Kings of Holland

- Louis I (1806–1810)
- Louis II (1810), also Grand Duke of Berg (1809–1813)

### Kings of Naples

- Joseph I (1806–1808)
- Joachim I (1808–1815), also Grand Duke of Berg (1806–1808)

### King of Westphalia

- Jérôme I (1807–1813)

### King of Spain

- Joseph I (1808–1813)

### Grand Duchess of Tuscany

- Elisa Bonaparte (1809–1814)
Neotropical pygmy squirrel

**Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel** (_Sciurillus pusillus_) is a very small squirrel species from South America. It is the only living member of the genus ***Sciurillus*** and the subfamily **Sciurillinae**.
I'm Breathless

***I'm Breathless_ - Music from and Inspired by the movie _Dick Tracy*** is the second soundtrack album by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It was released on May 22, 1990, by Sire Records.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: I'm Breathless: Music from and inspired by the movie "Dick Tracy"
- **type**: Soundtrack album
- **artist**: Madonna
- **released**: May 22, 1990
- **recorded**: 1989–1990
- **length**: 44:54
- **prev title**: Like a Prayer
- **prev year**: 1989
- **next title**: The Immaculate Collection
- **next year**: 1990
Burnout Legends

***Burnout Legends*** is the fifth game in the popular _Burnout_ franchise, specifically released for the PlayStation Portable on September 13, 2005, and the Nintendo DS on November 29, 2005.

## References

**Notes**

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Burnout Legends
- **developer**: Criterion Games
- **publisher**: Electronic Arts
- **series**: _Burnout (series), Burnout_
- **engine**: RenderWare
- **platforms**: PlayStation Portable
Nintendo DS
- **released**: **PlayStation Portable****Nintendo DS**
- **genre**: Racing video game, Racing
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
Like a Virgin

***Like A Virgin*** is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It was released on November 12, 1984 by Sire Records.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Like a Virgin
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Madonna
- **released**: November 12, 1984
August 5, 1985 <small>(Re-release)</small>
May 21, 2001 <small>(Remastered)</small>
- **recorded**: April – September 1984, Power Station Studios, Manhattan, New York
- **length**: 43:10
- **prev title**: Madonna (album), Madonna
- **prev year**: 1983
- **next title**: True Blue (album), True Blue
- **next year**: 1986
Blue, Arizona

**Blue** is a small unincorporated community in the U.S. state of Arizona.  It is in Greenlee County.

The community was first named for Nat Whittum, an original settler who was killed at the site in 1891. A post office was made at Whittum in 1894.  Its name was changed to Blue in 1898.  It is close to the Blue River.
Ricardo Zonta

**Ricardo Luiz Zonta** (born 23 March 1976 in Curitiba) is a Brazilian racecar driver.
Bruce McLaren

**Bruce Leslie McLaren** (30 August 1937 – 2 June 1970) was a race-car designer, driver, engineer and inventor. He was born on 30 August 1937 Auckland, New Zealand. **Bruce McLaren** was the founder of the company **McLaren**. As a child Bruce **McLaren** was interested in vehicles.  While growing up he spent all of his spare time in his parents workshop, around all the vehicles. Over time **Bruce McLaren** developed his interest on vehicles. Bruces parents Les McLaren and Ruth Mclaren owned a service station in Remura Rd, Remura. Les McLaren had been interested in motorcycles and had, had  an injury before Bruce was born, which put an end to his motorcycling hobby.

## Bruce McLarens races

in 1952 young bruce was only 14 and had entered his first race in an Austin 7 Ulster. It was a hillclimb. Two years later he took part in a proper race in a Ford 10.

## Death

Bruce McLaren died while testing out one of his cars. The car had no wing causing the car to flip and crash. The engine of the car rammed into Bruce McLaren. The car then went up in flames. All this happened at the Goodwood Circuit.
Stirling Moss

**Sir Stirling Craufurd Moss OBE** (17 September 1929 – 12 April 2020) was an English racing driver.  His success in a variety of categories placed him among the world's elite – he was often called "the greatest driver never to win the World Championship". In 1957 he won the Pescara Grand Prix. Moss was knighted in 1999. He was born in London.

In December 2016, Moss was hospitalized in Singapore with a serious chest infection. As a result, Moss announced his retirement from public life in January 2018.

Moss died on 12 April 2020 at his home in Mayfair, London after a long-illness at the age of 90.
Christijan Albers

**Christijan Albers** () (born April 16, 1979 in Eindhoven) is a Dutch racing driver. After success in the DTM he drove in Formula One from  until the 2007 British Grand Prix, shortly after which he was dropped by his Spyker F1 team. In 2008, he returned to the DTM-series as a driver for the Audi Futurecom TME-team.
Michele Alboreto

**Michele Alboreto** (23 December 1956 – 25 April 2001) was an Italian racing driver. He was born in Milan. He is famous for finishing runner up to Alain Prost in the 1985 Formula One World Championship, as well as winning the 1997 24 Hours of Le Mans and 2001 12 Hours of Sebring sports car races. Alboreto competed in Formula One from  until , racing for a number of teams, most notably the Ferrari factory team.

He was killed in an accident on a racetrack in Klettwitz, Brandenburg, Germany.
Satoru Nakajima

**Satoru Nakajima** (Japanese name: 中嶋 悟 ; born February 23, 1953) is a Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as a racecar driver.

He is the father of two sons who are also racecar drivers.  Kazuki Nakajima and Daisuke Nakajima are each Formula One competitors.
James Blunt

**James Blunt** (born **James Hillier Blount**, 22 February 1974) is an English singer-songwriter whose debut album, _Back to Bedlam_, and single  releases, especially "You're Beautiful", brought him to fame in 2005. His repertoire is a mix of pop, rock and acoustic-tinged soft rock. Recording for Linda Perry's independent American label Custard Records, Blunt won two BRIT Awards and two Ivor Novello Awards, and was nominated for five Grammy Awards in 2006. He released his second album _All The Lost Souls_, in 2007. James Blunt was also in the British Army until 2002.

## Discography

- _Back to Bedlam_ (2004)
- _All the Lost Souls_ (2007)
- _Some Kind of Trouble_ (2010)
- _Moon Landing_ (2013)

### Grammy Awards

|-
| rowspan=5 | 2007 || James Blunt || Best New Artist ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | "You're Beautiful" || Record of the Year||
|-
| Song of the Year ||
|-
| Best Male Pop Vocal Performance ||
|-
| _Back to Bedlam _|| Best Pop Vocal Album ||

#### 2005

- MTV Europe Music Awards - Best New Act
- Q Awards - Best New Act
- Digital Music Awards - Best Pop Act

#### 2006

- NRJ Music Awards (France) - Best International Newcomer
- BRIT Awards - Best pop act and Best Male Vocalist
- ECHO Awards (Germany) - Best International Newcomer
- NME Awards - Worst Album
- MTV Australia Video Music Awards - Song of the Year for _You're Beautiful_
- Ivor Novello Awards - Most Performed Work and International Hit of the Year
- MTV Video Music Awards - Best Male Video and Best Cinematography
- World Music Awards - Best New Artist in the World and Biggest Selling British Artist in the World
- Teen Choice Awards (United States) - Choice Music Male Artist

#### 2008

- ECHO Awards (Germany) - Best International Male Artist

#### 2010

- Virgin Media Music Awards - The Hottest Male

#### 2011

- Regenbogen Awards (Germany) - Best International Male Artist

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: James Blunt
- **image**: James Blunt.jpg
- **caption**: James Blunt performing in Vienna in 2006
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: James Hillier Blount
- **birth place**: Tidworth, Wiltshire, England, UK
- **instrument**: Vocal, Guitar, Piano
- **genre**: Soft rock
Pop rock
Folk rock
- **occupation**: Singer, Songwriter
- **years active**: 2004 - present
- **label**: Warner Music, Warner/Atlantic Records, Atlantic/Custard Records, Custard
- **nationality**: British
- **website**: [http://www.jamesblunt.com www.JamesBlunt.com]
Gerhard Berger

**Gerhard Berger**, (born August 27, 1959 in Wörgl) is an Austrian former Formula One racing driver, who used to own 50% of the Scuderia Toro Rosso Formula One team until he sold his share back to energy drink owner Dietrich Mateschitz.
Naturalism (philosophy)

**Naturalism** is "the view of the world that takes account only of natural elements and forces, excluding the supernatural or spiritual.". It is the school of thought which states "the natural world is the whole of reality". The term was first used this way in English in 1750.

It is a kind of philosophy called metaphysical, because it covers everything: "nature is all there is, and all basic truths are truths of nature".

All the things and powers which are commonly called supernatural, such as God, souls or witchcraft do not exist, according to this position - naturalists (people who practice naturalism) however, are not "denying" the existence of the supernatural. Instead, Naturalism asserts that everything observable, testable, and causally effective operates under the laws of nature — and crucially, that we have no justified reason to assume the existence of anything beyond those laws until evidence suggests otherwise. Currently, no usable evidence for any form of supernaturalism exists, hence the existence of Naturalism.

## Method and science

**Methodological** or **scientific naturalism** is concerned with practical methods for acquiring knowledge.

Many scientists use the scientific method for their research. Hypotheses are to be explained and tested only by reference to natural causes and events.

Explanations for observations are only useful when they are based on hypotheses of natural causes. An explanation that relies on a natural mechanism that works according to certain rules is usable. Explanations that need miracles to work are not.

Methodological naturalism is the principle underlying all of modern science. Some philosophers extend this idea, so that it applies to all of philosophy as well. Science and philosophy, according to this view, are said to form a continuum. W.V. Quine, George Santayana, and other philosophers have advocated this view.

A number of other philosophical ideas are similar to naturalism:
- Positivism
- Materialism
- Physicalism
- Empiricism

## Related pages

- Naturalism (literature)
- Uniformitarianism

## Other websites

- Naturalism David Papineau, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Naturalism Jon Jacobs, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Naturalism article in the Catholic Encyclopedia
Heinz Sielmann

**Heinz Sielmann** (June 2, 1917 in Rheydt, Germany – October 6, 2006 in Munich) was a world famous wildlife photographer, zoologist and documentary filmmaker.

Heinz Sielmann was degree in Biology and specialized in Zoology, in 1940, at the Imperial Posen University (Poland).

His work includes award-winning movies like _Lords of the Forest_ (better known in the USA under its title _Masters of the Congo Jungle_ (1959), the English version narrated by Orson Welles, _Galapagos - Dream Island in the Pacific_ (1962), _Vanishing Wilderness_, and _The Mystery of Animal Behavior_.

His series _Expeditionen ins Tierreich_ (_Expeditions into the Animal Kingdom_) broadcast on national German Television from 1965 to 1991, made him well known in Germany.

## Other websites

- International Herald Tribune Europe - German naturalist and documentary filmmaker Heinz Sielmann dies
Green Screen

**Green Screen** is an international wildlife movie festival. Since 2007 it takes place every year in Eckernförde, Germany. The festival shows full-length and short movies about animals. It is the only festival of its kind in Germany.

The awarded trophy is made of natural sand.

The festival also shows classic nature documentaries.

Since 2008 a special prize for filmmakers is named after the famous filmmaker Heinz Sielmann.

## Other websites

- Homepage
Lars Petrus

**Lars Petrus** (1960 - Present) is a Sweedish Speedcuber. He invented the Petrus method of solving the Rubik's Cube. He became the Swedish national champion of speedcubing in 1982. He finished fourth place at the first official Rubik's Cube World Championships held in Budapest.

## Other websites

Official website
Mount Tambora

**Mount Tambora** (8°14’41”S, 117°59’35”E) is an active volcano in Indonesia. It is on top of a subduction zone. Tambora was about two-thirds taller(or about 1,449 meters, 4746 feet) before its explosive volcanic eruption in 1815. This killed tens of thousands of people around the world. Later eruptions have been smaller.

## History

When the volcano erupted in 1815, it climaxed on 10 April. It was the most destructive volcanic eruption in modern history, with a Volcanic Explosivity Index(VEI) of 7. It has been estimated that it was four times larger than the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, between Java and Sumatra, in terms of volume of magma and lava ejected. Before the explosion, Tambora was 4,300 m (14,100 ft) high, now it is only 2,722 m (8,930 ft) high. Its massive crater is therefore a caldera.

The eruption destroyed a small Asian culture, known to archaeologists as the Tamboran kingdom. Most deaths from the eruption were from starvation and disease, as the fallout ruined farming in the local region. The death toll was at least 71,000 people, of whom 11,000–12,000 were killed directly by the eruption. The often-cited figure of 92,000 people killed is believed to be overestimated.

It released 160 cubic kilometers    of ash into the upper atmosphere. This caused famine around the world. Tambora's 1815 outburst was the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history. With a VEI of 7, it was one of the most violent eruptions in the last 5,000 years, comparable to the 180 AD "Hatepe eruption" of Taupo Volcano and the 969 AD eruption of Baekdu Mountain. The explosion was heard on Sumatra island more than  away. Heavy volcanic ash falls were observed as far away as Borneo, Sulawesi, Java and Maluku islands.

## Climate change

Because of the ash released which blocked out the Sun, the eruption caused a global climate change known as the "volcanic winter". 1816 became known as the "Year without a Summer" because of the effect on North American and European weather. Crops failed and livestock died in much of the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in the worst famine of the 19th century.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount Tambora
- **photo**: Sumbawa Topography.png
- **photo caption**: Topography of Sumbawa; Tambora's caldera is situated on the northern peninsula.
- **elevation m**: 2722
- **prominence m**: 2722
- **listing**: Ultra prominent peak, Ultra
Ribu
- **location**: Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia
- **type**: Stratovolcano, Stratovolcano/Composite
- **age**: 57000 years
- **last eruption**: 2011
Louis, Grand Dauphin

**Louis of France**, Dauphin of France (1 November 1661  14 April 1711) was the eldest son and heir of Louis XIV, King of France and his wife, Maria Theresa of Spain. He was called the "Le Grand (the big) Dauphin" after the birth of his son Louis, Dauphin of France (1729-1765) who was called "Le Petit (the little) Dauphin. The Petit Dauphin was in turn the father of King Louis XVI .

The Grand Dauphin married twice. His first wife was Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria. They married in 1680 and had 3 children together. She died in 1690. His second was Marie Émilie de Joly from their marriage in 1695 until Louis's death in 1711. They had one son, who died in 1697.

Louis the Grand Dauphin never became king as he died before his father did. Therefore, his eldest child, Louis, Duke of Burgundy became the heir apparent. However, the Duke of Burgundy (Petit Dauphin) died a year later, so  his son, Louis XV became the heir.

## Issue

1. Louis of France, Duke of Burgundy (16 August 1682 - 18 February 1712), **Duke of Burgundy** and later _Dauphin of France_; married second cousin Maria Adelaide of Savoy and had the future Louis XV of France;
1. Philippe of France (19 December 1683 -  9 July 1746), **Duke of Anjou**, (later King of Spain); became King of Spain in 1700; married second cousin Maria Luisa of Savoy and had issue; married again Elisabeth Farnese and had issue such as the future Dauphine of France, Infanta Maria Theresa;
1. Charles of France (31 July 1686 – 5 May 1714), **Duke of Berry**, Alençon and of Angoulême Count of Ponthieu; married his first cousin Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans and had issue but none survived over a year;

Thus, through Burgundy and Anjou, Louis ensured the continuation of the senior Bourbon line on the throne of France and the establishment of the cadet Spanish Bourbon dynasty respectively.

## Further reading

- Lahaye, Matthieu, _Louis, Dauphin de France. Fils de roi, père de roi, jamais roi_, DEA directed by Joël Cornette, University of Paris VIII, 2005.
- Lahaye, Matthieu, _Louis Ier d'Espagne (1661-1700) : essai sur une virtualité politique_, Revue historique, Numéro 647, PUF, Paris, Novembre 2008.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **title**: Dauphin of France
- **name**: Louis I
- **image**: Hyacinthe Rigaud - Louis de France, Dauphin (1661-1711), dit le Grand Dauphin - Google Art Project.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Portrait by Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1697
- **succession**: King of Spain
- **reign**: 1 November 1700-14 April 1711
- **birth place**: Palace of Fontainebleau, Château de Fontainebleau, France
- **death place**: Château de Meudon, France
- **father**: Louis XIV of France
- **mother**: Maria Theresa of Spain
- **burial place**: Basilica of Saint Denis, Royal Basilica, Saint Denis, France
- **burial date**: 28 April 1711
- **issue-link**: #Issue
- **house**: House of Bourbon, Bourbon
- **signature**: Signature of Louis, Grand Dauphin in 1695.png
- **predecessor**: Charles II of Spain, Charles II
- **successor**: Philip V of Spain, Philip V
Northern pintail

The **northern pintail** or **pintail** (_Anas acuta_) is a widely occurring duck which breeds in the northern areas of Europe, Asia and North America. It is strongly migratory and winters south of its breeding range to the equator. Unusually for a bird with such a large range, it has no geographical subspecies if the possibly conspecific Eaton's Pintail is considered to be a separate species.
Tupac: Resurrection (soundtrack)

***Tupac: Resurrection (Original Soundtrack)*** was released by Amaru Entertainment and Interscope Records as the soundtrack for the 2003 documentary _of the same name_. It includes remixed versions of several previously released 2Pac recordings, including "Death Around the Corner" from _Me Against the World_, "Secretz of War" from _Still I Rise_. and "Holler if You Hear Me" from _Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z._; and unreleased Tupac verses re-constructed into new tracks such as "Ghost", "One Day at a Time", and "Runnin (Dying to Live)". The album sold more than 420,000 copies in its first week. Eminem produced major parts of this album. The album features The Notorious B.I.G., Eminem, 50 Cent, Outlawz, and Digital Underground.

## Track listing

|align="center"|#|align="center" width="150"|Title|align="center" width="150"|Guest Performer(s)|align="center" width="150"|Producer(s)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|"Intro"|||||||
|2|"Ghost"||Eminem|||||
|3|"One Day at a Time (Em's Version)"||Eminem|||||
|4|"Death Around the Corner"||Johnny "J"|||||
|5|"Secretz of War"|Outlawz|Johnny "J"|||||
|6|"Runnin' (Dying to Live)"|The Notorious B.I.G.|Eminem|||||
|7|"Holla If Ya' Hear Me"||Stretch|||||
|8|"Starin' Through My Rear View"|Outlawz||||||
|9|"Bury Me a G"|Thug Life|Thug Music|||||
|10|"Same Song"|Digital Underground|Eminem|||||
|11|"Panther Power"|Tyson||||||
|12|"Str8 Ballin'"||Easy Mo Bee|||||
|13|"Rebel of the Underground"||Shock G|||||
|14|"The Realist Killaz"|50 Cent|Red Spyda|||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Tupac: Resurrection (Original Soundtrack)
- **type**: Soundtrack album
- **artist**: Tupac Shakur, Tupac
- **released**: November 11, 2003 <small>(United States, US)</small>
- **recorded**: 1989-2003
- **length**: 61:58
- **label**: Amaru Entertainment, Amaru
- **producer**: Eminem, Red Spyda
- **prev title**: Nu-Mixx Klazzics
- **prev year**: 2003
- **next title**: 2Pac Live
- **next year**: 2004
Donington Park

**Donington Park** is a park and motor racing track near Derbyshire in North West Leicestershire, England.

The land was part of the Donington Hall estate. Tom Wheatcroft owns it. It is mainly used as a motor racing track, but the land is also used for music festivals and a Sunday market.

In July 2009, it was announced that the Formula One British Grand Prix would be at Donington Park from 2010 until 2020.  However, by November that year, money had not been raised to improve the track and the hosting of the Grand Prix remained in doubt.
Omote-sando Station

**Omote-sandō Station** (表参道駅、おもてさんどうえき) is a railway station of Tokyo Metro in Tokyo, Japan.
Phil Hill

**Philip Toll Hill, Jr.**, (April 20, 1927 – August 28, 2008) was an American automobile racer and the only American-born driver to win the Formula One World Drivers' Championship. Hill was described as a "thoughtful, gentle man" and once said, "I'm in the wrong business. I don't want to beat anybody, I don't want to be the big hero. I'm a peace-loving man, basically.
Jacques Villeneuve

**Jacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve**, OQ (born April 9, 1971 in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec) is a Canadian automobile racing driver. He is the son of Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve, and is the namesake of his uncle (also a racer).

He raced in Formula One from 1996 to 2006, driving for Williams, BAR, Renault and BMW Sauber. He won the world championship in 1997 with Williams, in only his second season, the first person to do so that quickly (except for the 1950 season, the very first season in F1).