juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Shrine Parishioner Registration

The Regulations for Shrine Parishioner Registration were rules made by the Council of State (Dajōkan) in Japan. They were in place for two years from 1871 to 1873. The rules required everyone to register at shinto shrines. This was similar to an earlier system called the danka system which did the same for Buddhist temples.

The official name of the law is  **.**

## Overview

The law had seven parts. The first part said that when a baby was born, the parents had to tell the village head. Then, they had to take the baby to the local shrine to get a special amulet. This amulet had to stay with the baby. If someone did not have this amulet, they had to tell the village head their name, birthdate, where they were born, and their father's name. The village head would then get an amulet for them. The village head would check the amulets every six years when they did a registration exercise. If someone died, their amulet had to go back to the shrine priest.

Another set of rules was made at the same time called Regulations for Rural District Shrines. This set of rules said that each district had to have one rural district shrine responsible for overseeing registration. These rules were supposed to register all newborn babies. Some people think that these rules were also supposed to make shrines like temples from earlier times in Japan. These rules only lasted for two years, but the rules for district shrines lasted until after World War II. The Shrine Consolidation Policy merged shrines together for this purpose.

## Related pages

- Shrine Consolidation Policy
Friedrich Paulus

**Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Paulus** (23 September 1890 – 1 February 1957) was a German Nazi Army general in the Wehrmacht from 1939-1943 during World War II. Paulus was also an infantry soldier in the Imperial German Army during World War I, Junior Officer and Senior Officer in the German Army of the Reichswehr and the Wehrmacht military adviser to the National People's Army of East Germany.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Friedrich Paulus
- **birth place**: Guxhagen, Kingdom of Prussia German Empire
- **death place**: Dresden East Germany
- **allegiance**: (1910–18)
 (1918–33)
 (1933–43)
 National Committee for a Free Germany, NKFD (1944–45)
 (1953–56)
- **image name**: Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B24575, Friedrich Paulus.jpg
- **branch**: (1910–18)
 (1918–33)
 (1933–43)
 National Committee for a Free Germany, NFKD (1944–45)
 (1953–56)
- **serviceyears**: 1910–45
1953–56
- **nationality**: German
- **rank**: General,
Field Marshal
Taikyo Institute

The  was a Japanese Institution and part of the Ministry of Religion in the Empire of Japan.

## History

The Taikyo Institute was established in 1872 with the aim of training kyōdo shōku or religious teachers. This was because the Missionary Office and Department of Divinities were not successful in their national indoctrination objectives. The institute was originally intended as a joint organization between Shinto and Buddhism, but eventually became completely dominated by Shinto.

On January 1, 1875, there was a fire at the Taikyo Institute caused by arson. This caused confusion and led to four Jōdo Shinshū sects announcing informally that they were leaving the Taikyo Institute..

On May 3, 1875, the Great Teaching Institute was disbanded by the Ministry of Religion and was replaced by the Bureau of Shinto Affairs and later Shinto Taikyo.

The "Great Teaching" and "Taikyo Proclamation" use the same word, as does "Taikyo" in "Shinto Taikyo".

## Related pages

- Bureau of Shinto Affairs
- Sect Shinto
- Toyama Chukyoin

## Other websites

- Shinto Taikyo (sect of Shinto)

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Great Teaching Institute
- **native name**: 大教院
- **native name lang**: ja
- **predecessor**: Department of Divinities
- **successor**: Bureau of Shinto Affairs
- **formation**: 1872
- **extinction**: 1875
- **parent organization**: Ministry of Religion (Japan), Ministry of Religion
Dewsbury

**Dewsbury** is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire. It is on the River Calder. A bit of the Calder and Hebble Navigation waterway goes there. It is to the west of Wakefield, east of Huddersfield and south of Leeds.

It was an important centre for wool milling.  They collected used woollen items,  mixed them with new wool and made heavy blankets and uniforms.

Dewsbury Minster is near the River Calder. Some of it was built in the 13th century.  The market was set up in the 14th century.

In 1770, a short branch of the Calder and Hebble Navigation reached the town.  That helped the mills because the boats could get to Manchester and Hull.

The town now has a large Muslim community.
Herschel Greer Stadium

**Herschel Greer Stadium** was a baseball park in Nashville, Tennessee. It was the home stadium of the Nashville Sounds, who are a Minor League Baseball team. It opened on April 26, 1978. The Sounds played there for 37 years. Their last game was on August 27, 2014. In 2015, the Sounds began to play at a new stadium called First Horizon Park. Greer Stadium was torn down to become part of Fort Negley park in 2019.

The ballpark was built for the Nashville Sounds, but other sports teams also played at the stadium. Another baseball team, the Nashville Xpress, played there in 1993 and 1994 at the same time as the Sounds. The stadium was famous for having a scoreboard shaped like a guitar.

## References

**Specific**

**General**

## Infobox (venue)

- **stadium name**: Greer Stadium
- **image**:
- **caption**: A view of the stadium from the right field seats
- **fullname**: Herschel Greer Stadium
- **location**: 534 Chestnut Street
Nashville, Tennessee
United States
- **broke ground**: August 26, 1977
- **opened**: April 26, 1978
- **closed**: August 27, 2014
- **demolished**: 2019
- **owner**: Nashville, Tennessee, Nashville Metro Government
- **surface**: Grass
- **construction cost**: United States dollar, $1.5 million
($ in  dollars)
- **tenants**: Nashville Sounds (Southern League, SL/American Association, AA/Pacific Coast League, PCL) 1978–2014
Belmont Bruins baseball, Belmont Bruins (National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, NAIA/NCAA) 1979–2010
Nashville Xpress (SL) 1993–1994
- **seating capacity**: 10,300 (fixed seating)
15,000 (plus standing room)
- **record attendance**: 22,315 (August 18, 1982; Nashville Sounds vs. Columbus Astros)
- **dimensions**: **Left field:**
**Left-center field:**
**Center field:**
**Right-center field:**
**Right field:**
International Phonetic Association

The **International Phonetic Association** is an organization that promotes the scientific study of phonetics and  practical applications of that science. It started in Paris in 1886. It developed the International Phonetic Alphabet—a standard for the phonetic representation of all languages. The acronym IPA refers to both the association and the alphabet. On 30 June 2015, it was incorporated as a British private company limited by guarantee. Its offices are in London.
Mosfilm

**Mosfilm** is one of the largest and oldest  movie studios in  Russia and in Europe. It was started in 1924 in the USSR when there was a monopoly on movie production.

It was set up in Moscow in 1920 and rebuilt in 1927. By the end of the Soviet Union it had produced more than 3,000 films.  It continues as a private company.
Earnings before interest and taxes

**Earnings before interest and taxes** (EBIT) is a measure of a firm's profit that includes all incomes and expenses except interest and income tax.  It is used as a measure of the money a business really makes.
Oyagami

**Oyagami **(祖神) is a Japanese literally meaning "parent deity." It sometimes expresses the belief that kami, or divine beings, care for human beings in the same way that human parents care for their children, similar to how God the father expresses that. This concept can be found in two forms: an abstract idea that has been around since ancient times, and a more codified concept that developed within certain Shinto sects and new religions.

Some Shinto sects believe that the entire world or cosmos is a living entity, full of vitality and productive power that originates from the oyagami, which is the ultimate existence that gives birth to everything. According to this belief, humans are "offspring of the kami" and have been given life by them. This doctrine suggests that humans have the potential to become kami themselves, as they are originally made of the same substance as the divine beings.

In the Tenrikyō new religion, the main deity is called "Oyagami," and the sect's founder is known as "Oyasama." This use of the word "parent" before the name of the kami being worshipped is believed to reflect the traditional Japanese understanding of the meaning of divine beings. Overall, the concept of oyagami emphasizes the close relationship between humans and kami and the belief that divine beings care for humans like parents care for their children.

## Ancestral deities

The Imperial Household and Uji clans believe in ancestor gods from a long time ago. They are considered the god or person that started the family line. The clan is a group of people who feel like they are family because they have the same ancestor god. This idea used to be very important, but over time it became less important. The clan gods used to be based on family ties, but later became more connected to the land they lived on, and were like other local gods.

## Other uses

The word means "parent god".

It is the title God goes by in Tenrikyo.

## Related pages

- Ujigami
- Sorei
- Uji

## References

<references group=""></references>
Tutelary deity

A tutelary deity is a deity or spirit that serves as a guardian of a thing. That thing can range from a country to an occupation.

In ancient Greek and Roman religions, there were special gods called tutelary deities. One type of tutelary deity was called the genius. The genius was like a personal guardian spirit that was with a person from the time they were born until they died.

Another type of personal guardian spirit is called a familiar spirit. This type of spirit is found in European folklore.

## Related pages

- Patron saint
United Team of Germany at the Olympics

The **United Team of Germany** was a combined team from West Germany and East Germany that competed in the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Winter and Summer Olympic Games. In the 1968 Winter Olympics, East and West Germany competed as separate teams but they both used the same  compromise Olympic flag and Beethoven anthem. From  the 1972 Winter Olympics the two teams competed separately with separate flags and anthems.

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: EUA
- **games**: Olympics
- **flagcaption**: "Olympic" Flag of Germany,
 Defacement (flag), defaced with white Olympic symbols, Olympic rings,
 used 1960, 1964 (and 1968 by separated teams)
- **rank**: 35
- **gold**: 36
- **silver**: 60
- **bronze**: 41
- **seealso**: • Germany at the Olympics, Germany (all appearances)
• East Germany at the Olympics, East Germany (1968–1988)
• West Germany at the Olympics, West Germany (1968–1988)
• Saar at the 1952 Summer Olympics, Saar (1952)
Bureau of Shinto Affairs

The  was an organization in Japan that succeeded the Taikyo Institute in 1875. The Bureau of Shinto Affairs was an organization during the Meiji era that united different Shinto groups across Japan. It was a public institution and had a student dormitory to train priests. It was also responsible for accrediting Sect Shinto.

The Bureau of Shinto Affairs trained priests but faced conflicts over differences in beliefs. This led to the Ise sect becoming more prominent and the Izumo sect being marginalized.

In 1882, the Bureau of Shinto Affairs was turned into a Shinto sect due to a government ordinance requiring the separation of shrine priests and missionaries or theologians. As a result, in 1884, the missionaries of both Shinto and Buddhism were suppressed. The government then established the Office of Japanese Classics Research as a replacement for the Bureau.

In 1886, the Bureau of Shinto Affairs reorganized itself as the Shinto Headquarters (Shinto Honkyoku) and later changed its name to Shinto Taikyo.

In 1912, a group called The Thirteen Schools of Shinto including the Shinto Headquarters joined together to create the Kyoha Shinto Rengokai (Association of Sectarian Shinto)..

## Related pages

- Taikyo Institute
- Sect Shinto

## Other websites

- Shinto Taikyo (sect of Shinto)

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Bureau of Shinto Affairs
- **predecessor**: Taikyo Institute
- **successor**: Shinto Taikyo, Association of Sectarian Shinto, Office of Japanese Classics Research
- **formation**: 1875
- **extinction**: 1886
Jingu-kyo

|class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;"|Predecessor|
| --- | --- |
|class="infobox-data"|Ise Grand Shrine local administration|
|class="infobox-data"|Association of Shinto Shrines|
|class="infobox-data"|Institute of Divinities (1940-1946)|
 Jingūkyō was a Shinto organization that was established during the Meiji era in Japan. While it was not included as one of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, it possessed characteristics of sect Shinto until the mid-Meiji period. It was organized by Urata Nagatami and others, with Tanaka Yoritsune as its first Superintendent.

In 1872, Urata Nagatami asked for permission to start a Shinto church called Jingū Kyōkai, shortly after the Ministry of Religion was created. He opened teaching centers and religious groups to organize his disciples, then combined them under the name Divine Wind Religious Association in 1873. Popular pilgrimage groups that were already established were also included. The Jingūkyo Institute started spreading its teachings throughout the country after the dissolution of the Daikyōin in 1875.

In 1882, the Kyodo Shoku was abolished, which led to the Jingūkyo Institute declaring itself independent from the official Grand Shrine Administration Office and renaming itself Jingūkyō. Tanaka Yoritsune became the first superintendent after Urata resigned. Membership increased until the late 1880s, but there was little growth afterward. In 1898, Japan's Civil Law was passed, and there was a movement to make the Jingūkyō a service organization for the Grand Shrines of Ise. As a result, the Jingūkyō was reorganized into the Jingū Hōsaikai in September 1899.

It was reorganized as such in part because it had a major burden of distrubiting Jingu Taima and this was criticized as that was used all across Japan.

The Jingū Hōsaikai still follows the same basic ideals as Jingūkyō, focusing on the Grand Shrines of Ise, Emperor worship, studying kokugaku. Even today, the legacy of Jingūkyō can be seen in Japanese society and culture.

With the help of the National Association of Shinto Priests, the Office of Japanese Classics Research it founded the Association of Shinto Shrines.

## References

<references group=""></references>
Taikyo Proclamation

The  was a proclamation by Emperor Meiji on January 3, 1870.

## Three Great Teachings

The proclamation had three great teachings, also known as the Great Doctrine, or the Taikyo.

1. respect for the gods, love of country;
1. making clear the principles of Heaven and the Way of Man;
1. reverence for the emperor and obedience to the will of the court.

The Taikyo Institute was founded to promote these teachings

## Related pages

- Kyodo Shoku
- Missionary Office
- Shendao Shejiao
- Unity of religion and rule

## References

<references group=""></references>
Jōdo Shinshū

is a school of Pure Land Buddhism. Shinran founded it in the 1200s.

Jodo Shinshu is the biggest Buddhist group in Japan.

## Other websites

- List of Jodo Shinshu Organisations with Links
- Jodo Shinshu Buddhism, Dharma for the Modern Age  A basic portal with links.
- Homepage for Jodo Shinshu Hongwanji-ha Hongwanji International Center - English
- Buddhist Churches of America Includes basic information, shopping for Shin Buddhist ritual implements, and links to various Shin churches in America.
- Jodo Shinshu Buddhist Temples of Canada National website, includes links and addresses of Shin temples throughout Canada.
- Institute of Buddhist Studies: Seminary and Graduate School
- Jodo Shinshu Honganji-ha. Shinran Works The collected works of Shinran, including the Kyōgōshinshō.
- nembutsu.info: Journal of Shin Buddhism
- The Way of Jodo Shinshu: Reflections on the Hymns of Shinran Shonin
Association of Shinto Shrines

The Association of Shinto Shrines is a Shinto organization. It is the largest shinto organization with over 80,000 shrines.

It was founded by the Jingukyo, the National Association of Shinto Priests, and the Office of Japanese Classics Research at the end of World War II.

## Other websites

- Official english website
Thun-Saint-Amand

**Thun-Saint-Amand** () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,119 people lived there.

## Other websites

- INSEE commune file

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Thun-Saint-Amand
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Thun-Saint-Amand (Nord, Fr) mairie.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Thun-Saint-Amand
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Thun-Saint-Amand (Nord).svg
- **arrondissement**: Valenciennes
- **canton**: Saint-Amand-les-Eaux
- **insee**: 59594
- **postal code**: 59158
- **mayor**: Jean-Noël Broquet
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Communauté d'agglomération de la Porte du Hainaut, CA Porte du Hainaut
- **elevation m**: 22
- **elevation min m**: 14
- **elevation max m**: 38
- **area km2**: 3.71
International Federation of the Phonographic Industry

The **International Federation of the Phonographic Industry** is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry across the world. It is a non-profit members' organisation registered in Switzerland.  It has its main office in London, with more local offices in Brussels, Hong Kong, Miami, Abu Dhabi, Singapore and Nairobi.

It has more than 8,000 members and operating in over 70 countries.

It started by  promoting laws and copyright<nowiki/>s and "to protect the largely British-based recording industry" by promoting rights in gramophone sound recording<nowiki/>s.

In  1961 it helped to set up an international standard for the protection of sound recordings, live performances and broadcast<nowiki/>s.  The United States did not recognise a separate sound recording copyright until 1971.
Tromsø Airport, Skattøra

**Tromsø Airport, Skattøra** was an airport in Norway that was built on water. It was used as a military air base. It was constructed in 1938 and was used until 1975. During the Second World War, it was used by the German Luftwaffe and they made it the center for their seaplane fleet in the North Atlantic. After the war, it was taken over by the Royal Norwegian Air Force and became a main air station until 1959. It also had civilian traffic from 1946, with airlines like Scandinavian Airlines and Widerøe. The airport closed in 1975 and is no longer in use.
Unity of knowledge and action

The **Unity of knowledge and action (知行合一)** is a concept in philosophy created by Wang Yangming. It means that knowledge and action should go together and help each other. This idea says that only by behaving well can someone become wise. It is similar to the Western idea called virtue epistemology.

## Overview

In Chinese philosophy, knowledge and action were usually seen as related but different. Wang disagreed and said there was no difference between them. He thought that knowledge was knowing how to act in a situation, based on his ideas about people and their innate knowledge. He also believed that the world was always changing, rather than staying the same, which is similar to the Western idea of Process philosophy.

## History

Wang Yangming created the idea  during the Ming dynasty.

Wang Yangming disagreed with the teachings of Zhu Xi, a famous philosopher. Zhu Xi encouraged students to study in two parts, one theoretical and one practical. Wang believed this approach made people ineffective.

## Application

Western philosophers talk about akrasia, which is when someone does something they know is wrong on purpose. But Wang disagrees. He says that just saying you know something is wrong isn't enough. You have to actually act on what you know for it to count. For example, if a student cheats on a test but says cheating is wrong, Wang would say they don't really understand what they're saying..

## Similar ideas

The idea of combining knowledge and action is not exclusive to Chinese philosophy. Similar ideas can be found in Western literature. Hermann Hesse in his novel _Demian_ writes that only the thoughts we put into action have real value. The motto of MIT, "Mens et Manus" or "Mind and Hand," also emphasizes the importance of combining inner knowledge with actions.

The idea of virtue Epistemology in contemporary Western philosophy also shares similarities with Wang Yangming's concept of the Unity of Knowledge and Action. Both emphasize the importance of practical wisdom and the integration of knowledge and action.

## Related pages

- Unity of Heaven and humanity
- Unity of religion and rule
- Virtue epistemology
Volckerinckhove

**Volckerinckhove** (; ) is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 563 people lived there.

## Other websites

- INSEE commune file

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Volckerinckhove
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Volckerinckove-03.JPG
- **caption**: The church in Volckerinckhove
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Volckerinckhove (Nord).svg
- **arrondissement**: Dunkirk
- **canton**: Wormhout
- **insee**: 59628
- **postal code**: 59470
- **mayor**: Fabrice Denys
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de communes des Hauts de Flandre, Hauts de Flandre
- **elevation m**: 30
- **elevation min m**: 15
- **elevation max m**: 61
- **area km2**: 9.88
- **demonym**: Volckerinckhovois
Muskegon Heights, Michigan

**Muskegon Heights** is a city in Muskegon County, Michigan, United States.
North Muskegon, Michigan

**North Muskegon** is a city in Muskegon County, Michigan, United States.
Norton Shores, Michigan

**Norton Shores** is a city in Muskegon County, Michigan, United States.
Roosevelt Park, Michigan

**Roosevelt Park** is a city in Muskegon County, Michigan, United States.
Whitehall, Michigan

**Whitehall** is a city in Muskegon County, Michigan, United States.
Fremont, Michigan

**Fremont** is a city in Newaygo County, Michigan, United States. As a small town with a population of 4,516 people according to the 2020 census, Fremont is known as “The Baby Food Capital of the World” because it’s the home of the Gerber Products Company. Every year in July, Fremont holds the National Baby Food Festival.
Newaygo, Michigan

**Newaygo** is a city in Newaygo County, Michigan, United States.
Rose City, Michigan

**Rose City** is a city in Ogemaw County, Michigan, United States.
Evart, Michigan

**Evart** is a city in Osceola County, Michigan, United States.
Coopersville, Michigan

**Coopersville** is a city in Ottawa County, Michigan, United States.
Ferrysburg, Michigan

**Ferrysburg** is a city in Ottawa County, Michigan, United States.
Onaway, Michigan

**Onaway** is a city in Presque Isle County, Michigan, United States.
Frankenmuth, Michigan

**Frankenmuth** is a city in Saginaw County, Michigan, United States.
Zilwaukee, Michigan

**Zilwaukee** is a city in Saginaw County, Michigan, United States.
Croswell, Michigan

**Croswell** is a city in Sanilac County, Michigan, United States.
Marlette, Michigan

**Marlette** is a city in Sanilac County, Michigan, United States.
Durand, Michigan

**Durand** is a city in Shiawassee County, Michigan, United States.
Laingsburg, Michigan

**Laingsburg** is a city in Shiawassee County, Michigan, United States.
Perry, Michigan

**Perry** is a city in Shiawassee County, Michigan, United States.
Sturgis, Michigan

**Sturgis** is a city in St. Joseph County, Michigan, United States.
Three Rivers, Michigan

**Three Rivers** is a city in St. Joseph County, Michigan, United States.
Vassar, Michigan

**Vassar** is a city in Tuscola County, Michigan, United States.
Bangor, Michigan

**Bangor** is a city in Van Buren County, Michigan, United States.
Gobles, Michigan

**Gobles** is a city in Van Buren County, Michigan, United States.
Hartford, Michigan

**Hartford** is a city in Van Buren County, Michigan, United States.
Manton, Michigan

**Manton** is a city in Wexford County, Michigan, United States.
Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)

The siege of Sevastopol took place from October 30 1941 to July 4 1942 during World War II 's Eastern Front. A Siege is where a milltary unit surround another enemy milltary unit. The Soviet Army was trapped in the city of Sevastopol with Axis forces surround the city. The siege ended in July 4 1942 where the Germans broke the siege and entered the city.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)
- **place**: Sevastopol, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Union
- **result**: Axis Victory
- **date**: 30 October 1941 – 4 July 1942
()
- **combatant1**:

**Naval support:**

- **commander1**: Erich von Manstein
 Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen, W.F. von Richthofen
 Gheorghe Avramescu
 Gheorghe Manoliu
- **commander2**: Ivan Yefimovich Petrov, Ivan Petrov
 Filipp Oktyabrskiy
 Gordey Levchenko
  Pyotr Georgyevich Novikov, Pyotr Novikov
- **units1**: 11th Army (Wehrmacht), 11th Army
 8th Air Corps (Germany), 8th Air Corps
 Vânători de munte, Mountain Corps
- **units2**: Separate Coastal Army, Coastal Army
 Black Sea Fleet
- **strength1**: On 6 June 1942:
203,800 men
65 assault guns
1,300 guns and howitzers
720 mortars
803 aircraft
- **strength2**: June 1942:
118,000 men
600 guns and howitzers
2,000 mortars
1 battleship
2 heavy cruisers
1 light cruiser
2 flotilla leaders
6 destroyers
9 minesweepers
1 guardship
24 submarines
- **casualties1**: **June–July 1942:**
35,866 men
78 guns
31 aircraft
 27,412
*4,264 killed
*21,626 wounded
*1,522 missing
 8,454
*1,597 killed
*6,571 wounded
*277 missing
- **casualties2**: **30 October 1941 – 4 July 1942:**
200,481 men
:156,880 killed or captured
:43,601 wounded or sick
**June–July 1942:**
118,000 men
:95,000 captured (one-third wounded)
:5,000 wounded
:at least 18,000 killed
- **image**: Bundesarchiv N 1603 Bild-121, Russland, Sewastopol, zerstörter Hafen.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: Sevastopol harbour after the battle (July 1942)
Zhangixalus

***Zhangixalus***  is a group of frogs in the subfamily Rhacophorinae, family Rhacophoridae. They are called **Zhang's treefrogs** in English. They live in the Eastern Himalayas, southern China, Taiwan, Japan, and southeast Asia.

## Name

The frogs are named for Zhang Ya-Ping from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Zhang worked in biodiversity and evolution research in China. _Ixalus_ is a word that means treefrogs.

## Taxonomy

Scientists made the group _Zhangixalus_ in a 2019 when they were looking at the very large genus _Rhacophorus_ (92 species). They divided _Rhacophorus_ into three groups: _Rhacophorus_ sensu stricto (then 39 species; as of November 2021, 43 species), _Leptomantis_ (then 14 species; as of November 2021, 13 species), and _Zhangixalus_ (then 37 species; as of November 2021, 40 species). They did this because of molecular data, such as DNA, but also because they could see differences in the frogs' bodies and in the places where they lived. _Rhacophorus_ is the sister taxon of _Zhangixalus_ and _Leptomantis_.

## Description

_Zhangixalus_ are large frogs, ranging between  in from nose to rear end, but most are more than more than . The snout is round. The terminal phalanges of fingers and toes are Y-shaped. Dorsal skin is smooth or has some small bumps. Most frogs have green skins. The female lays eggs in white foam nests that the two frogs make together.

_Zhangixalus_ has frogs that seem not to be related to other frogs: _Z. achantharrhena_, _Z. dulitensis_, and _Z. prominanus_. They are different from other _Zhangixalus_ frogs: they have folds in their skin by their legs and tarsal projections. Scientists are not sure these species really should be in _Zhangixalus_.

## Species

There are 41 species in this genus:

The AmphibiaWeb recognizes the same species except _Zhangixalus amamiensis_, which is treated as being part of _Zhangixalus viridis_.
Chislobog

|colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color:#FFFFFF; background-color:#CD0000"|Chislobog|
| --- | --- |
|colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"|<div style="font-size: 110%;">Time, Numbers</div>|
|colspan="2" class="infobox-image"|<div class="infobox-caption">**Chislobog** – the god of numbers, one of the most popular pseudo-gods today. Andrey Shishkin, 2015</div>|
|class="infobox-data"|Числобог|
|class="infobox-data"|Ynglism|
Chislobog (Числобог) is a figure from modern Slavic paganism, especially in the Ynglist tradition. He is typically associated with time and/or numbers, and his name comes from the Slavic words for "number" (число, chislo) and "god" (бог, bog).

Chislobog's origins are uncertain, but he appears in the Book of Veles, a book that is believed to be a forgery rather than a genuine ancient Slavic text. Despite this, he is an important figure in Ynglism and is worshipped by followers of the tradition.

According to Ynglist belief, Chislobog controls the flow of time, sometimes symbolized as a river. He is also considered the protector of various Slavic-Aryan calendars, including the Daa'ri calendar. Ynglists believe that the Daa'ri calendar was used in Europe prior to the adoption of the Christian calendar.

Chislobog is often depicted holding a sword in his left hand, symbolizing protection and preservation, and a shield with the Daa'ri calendar inscribed on it in his right hand. The hymn of Chislobog praises him as the protector of life and the giver of understanding to humans, and asks for blessings for Ynglist families and long life.

While some people have suggested that Chislobog may be female, this is not a widely held belief among Ynglists.

## Related pages

- Alexander Asov
- Other pseudodeities
    - Chernobog and Belobog
    - Lada (mythology)
Official names of the Soviet Union

1. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, from 1922-1991.
1. Russian Federative Soviet Socialist Republic 1918-1922. The RFSSR was an temporary state before the Soviet Union, it then later became apart of the Soviet Federation and is now Russia today.
Political union

A **political union** is a type of political entity. They are usually made up of smaller polities. These smaller administrative divisions are usually called federated states and federal territories in a federal government. In a centralized government, they are often prefectures, regions or provinces. This form of government may be created by cession. This is usually called _unionism._ The United Kingdom is an example of this unionism. In other cases, it may come from political unification. This involves coercion and conquest. If states were separated after being a single states, putting them back together would be _reunification_. This happened when East and West Germany joined back together as Germany.  The individual constituent entities may have devolution of powers but they must still follow the rules of a central government. In a federalised system, the constituent entities usually have internal autonomy. For example, they normally have the power to setup their own police departments. They normally give the federal government power in many areas. These often include military forces and foreign affairs. The union is seen by other countries as a single political entity.
Sandnessund Bridge

The **Sandnessund Bridge** is a long bridge that connects two islands in Norway, Tromsøya and Kvaløya. It is made of concrete and has 36 parts holding it up, with the longest part being . The bridge is  long in total, and the sea below it is  away at its highest point. The bridge was opened in 1974 by Crown Prince Harald, and used to cost money to cross until 1982. It is part of a big road that goes through Norway.
Grønnåsen Church

**Grønnåsen Church** is a church located in the northern part of Tromsø city on Tromsøya island in Norway. It was built in 1996 and has a fan-shaped design. The church can hold about 450 people and is used by the Grønnåsen parish.
Isuzuyori-hime

**Isuzuyori-hime** () was an empress consort of Japan as the wife of Emperor Suizei. She was the mother of Emperor Annei.

## Life

In the second year, during the spring season of Suizei's reign, she was appointed empress. Later on, in the first year, on the 10th month, 11th day of her son Emperor Annei's reign, he bestowed upon her the title of _Kodaigo_ (empress dowager). She was the daughter of Kotoshironushi, and the sister of Himetataraisuzu-hime. She was a important figure in Japanese mythology.
Kokushi genzaisha

**Kokushi genzaisha** (国史見在社) are a type of Shinto shrine. It means a shrine that appears in the Rikkokushi (六国史) but not in the Engishiki

The Rikkokushi or the Six Official Histories, includes Nihon shoki, Shoku nihongi, Nihon kōki, Shoku Nihon Kōki, Montoku jitsuroku, and Sandai jitsuroku. Kokushi gensaisha are also called kokushi shozaisha or "shrines that appear in the Official Histories". These shrines are important because they have a historical significance and are regarded as ancient shrines. Some of the shrines listed in the Jinmyōchō (Register of Deities) in Engishiki, also known as Myojin Taisha also overlap with the kokushi genzaisha, but the term usually refers to shrines that are only mentioned in the Official Histories.

国史 (Kokushi) means official history, 見在 gensai means appearing and 社 sha means shrine
Kumano Taisha

**Kumano Taisha** (熊野大社) is a Shinto shrine that can be found in Matsue, Shimane Prefecture.

The shrine is considered to be the most important shrine in Izumo Province, along with Izumo Grand Shrine. It is known as ichinomiya, which means "the first shrine" or "the most important shrine" in the province.

This shrine should not be confused with the Kumano sanzan complex located in Wakayama Prefecture. The deity worshipped in this shrine is named 'Izanagi-no-Himanago Kaburogi Kumano-no-Ōkami Kushimikenu-no-Mikoto', which means "Beloved Child of Izanagi, Divine Ancestor, and Great Deity of Kumano, Kushimikenu-no-Mikoto." This deity is associated with Susanoo..

In Japanese mythology, the shrine is believed to be the place where fire was first made. The shrine keeps two ancient tools for making fire, a hand drill (燧杵 _hikiri-kine_) and a hearthboard (燧臼 _hikiri-usu_), which are used during the Fire Lighting Ceremony held every October. The ceremony is also known as Kiribi-matsuri or Sanka-sai..
Shikaumi Shrine

**Shikaumi Shrine** is a Shinto shrine located in Fukuoka. It is located on Shikanoshima island where the Azumi people used to live.

The famous King of Na gold seal was discovered on the same island as the shrine.

The shrine has historical connections to foreign wars because it was the place from which Empress Jingū launched her invasion of Korea, and it was also a site of conflict during the Mongol invasions of Japan.

The Azumi people traditionally followed the sea God, Watatsumi. The Shrine is considered their ancestral shrine and honors their god Watatsumi.

The shrine is taken care of by a priest who is believed to be a descendant of the Azumi clan. The biennial gojinkosai ceremony held at the shrine is recognized as an intangible cultural property by the prefecture.

The shrine, incorporates a deer motif in its rituals and designs. The deer motif is significant to the Azumi people and their beliefs, and is a common feature in the historic culture of the region.

## Infobox (religious building)

- **deity**: Watatsumi
Tainan Shrine

, was a Shinto shrine built by the Empire of Japan in Taiwan. It was associated with imperialism and State Shinto rather than local belief in Shintoism.  The shrine was founded in 1920 and expanded in 1925. Its main deity was Prince Kitashirakawa., who died of malaria during the Japanese invasion of Taiwan. He was enshrined in many shrines across Taiwan, including the Taiwan Grand Shrine.

During that time, the government forced people to visit shrines instead of visiting them voluntarily.. The Tainan Shrine organized an elaborate festival every January.

## Infobox (religious building)

- **deity**: Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa
Yamauchi Shrine

**Yamauchi Shrine** (山内神社) is a Shinto shrine in Kōchi, Kōchi..  It used to be a Beppyo shrine, which is a shrine with a significant history and special importance. However, it left the Beppyo list in 2013.

## Infobox (religious building)
Toyosaka and Noda Shrines

are two Shinto shrines located next to each other in Yamaguchi. Both shrines are dedicated to members of the mōri clan.

## Toyosaka Shrine

Toyosaka Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Yamaguchi, located next to Noda Shrine. It is dedicated to Mōri Motonari.

## Noda Shrine

Noda Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Yamaguchi, it is located next to Toyosaka Shrine. It is dedicated to Mōri Motonari.

## References

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## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Toyosaka Shrine
- **religious affiliation**: Shinto
- **image**: Toyosaka Shrine bridge and entrance.jpg
- **deity**: Mōri Motonari
- **consecration year**: 1762


## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Noda Shrine
- **religious affiliation**: Shinto
- **image**: Inside the Noda Shrine complex.jpg
- **deity**: Mori Takachika
Mōri Motonori
- **consecration year**: 1873
Keta Shrine

is a Shinto shrine in the city of Hakui, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. It was the former _ichinomiya_ of Noto Province. The main _kami_ enshrined is Ōkuninushi. The shrine's main festival is held annually on April 3.

## History

The origin of the construction of this shrine is unknown, but it is believed to have been built where Ōkuninushi landed with 300 of his followers from Izumo to conquer the inhabitants of the Noto Peninsula during the reign of the legendary 8th Emperor Kōgen or 10th Emperor Sujin. The shrine is first mentioned in a poem in the Man'yōshū by Otomo no Yakamochi dated 748 AD. It is also mentioned in the Shoku Nihongi in 768 AD, and by the Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku in 859 AD, it had been accorded 1st Court Rank.

During the Edo period, the Maeda clan supported the shrine and some of the structures were built during this time. The shrine was considered a national shrine of the first rank (kokuhei taisha) under the pre-World War II ranked system of Shinto Shrines.

Five buildings within the shrine have been recognized as Important Cultural Properties:

1. Haiden, which was built in 1787
1. Heiden, which was built in 1653
1. Gate, which was built in 1583
1. Haiden of the sub-shrine Hakusan Jinja
1. Haiden of the sub-shrine Wakamiya Jinja

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Keta Shrine
気多大社
- **religious affiliation**: Shinto
- **image**: Keta-taisha haiden.JPG
- **caption**: _Haiden_ of Keta Taisha
- **map type**: Japan Ishikawa Prefecture#Japan
- **map relief**: 1
- **location**: Hakui-shi, Ishikawa-ken
- **deity**: Ōkuninushi
- **established**: pre-Nara period
Watatsumi Shrine (Kobe)

is a Shinto shrine in Kobe Japan founded by Empress Jingu upon her return from attempting to conquer Korea. It is dedicated to the god Watatsumi, who is associated with the sea and marine life.

According to legend, Empress Jingū was nearly shipwrecked but managed to survive thanks to praying to Watatsumi, and she made the Akashi Shrine to honor him. At the same time, she also established Ikasuri Shrine and Ikuta Shrine.

The shrine is often referred to as the  in colloquial language, as it is a common misreading of the characters used in its name.

## History

The shrine was first mentioned in 806 During the Edo period, it was considered highly significant to the rulers of the Akashi Domain who visited it every February The main Torii of the shrine was originally located on the beach, but due to land reclamation after World War II, it was moved further inland.

## Related pages

- Kaijin Shrine which is sometimes also known as "Watatsumi Jinja"

## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Watatsumi Shrine
- **religious affiliation**: Shinto
- **image**: File:Torii of Inari Shrine, Ebisu Shrine and Sarutahiko Shrine in Watatsumi Shrine.jpg
- **deity**: Watatsumi
- **website**: https://kaijinjya.main.jp/
Kamado Shrine

is a Shinto shrine in Dazaifu, Fukuoka, Japan, on top of Mount Homan, which has been a sacred mountain since ancient times. The shrine is dedicated to Tamayori-bime, Emperor Ojin, and Empress Jingu. The area around the shrine is a National Historic Site. The shrine was once considered a very important shrine and had a high rank.

## History

Kamado-jinja is a Shinto shrine in Dazaifu, Japan, located on Mount Hōman. According to legend, it was founded by Emperor Tenji in 664 for protection after his defeat in a battle. The shrine is dedicated to many gods on the mountain, which is considered unlucky. There are two sanctuaries, one at the bottom and one at the top of the mountain. There used to be a third one in the middle, but only its ruins remain. The upper sanctuary was established to honor Tamayori-bime's appearance to a monk in 683. The shrine is famous for cherry blossom viewing in the spring and fall foliage in the autumn, attracting many visitors.

## Other websites

- Kamado Shrine - Fukuoka Prefecture Sightseeing Information (in English)

## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Kamado Jinja
竈門神社
- **religious affiliation**: Shinto
- **image**: Kamado shrine 01.JPG
- **caption**: _Haiden_, or the main hall
- **map type**: Japan
- **location**: 883 Uchiyama, Dazaifu, Fukuoka, Dazaifu
Fukuoka Prefecture, Fukuoka
- **deity**: Tamayori-hime (mother of Jimmu), Tamayori-bime
Emperor Ōjin
Empress Jingū
- **established**: 673
Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines

The **modern system of ranked Shinto shrines**, is a system of ranking shinto shrines that was used in the Japanese Empire to  determine how much money it gave the shtinres. It was an intrinsic part of Japanese State Shinto.

This system classified Shinto shrines into two categories: official government shrines and "other" shrines.The official shrines were divided into
1. Imperial shrines (_kampeisha_), which are in minor, medium, or major sub-categories; and
1. National shrines (_kokuheisha_), which are similarly categorized as minor, medium, or major.
Some shrines are the "first shrines" called _ichinomiya_ that have the highest rank in their respective provinces of Japan.
Tenson Shrine

is a Shinto shrine in Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan.

## Enshrined gods

- Hikohohodemi
- Ōnamuchi
- Kunitokotachi
- Tarashinakatsuhiko

## History

The Tenson Shrine was created in 782 and was later blessed by Emperor Heizei in 806.

## References

- _Hieizan Rekishi no Sampomichi_, Kodansha, 1995,
- 天孫神社：由緒

## Other websites

- 天孫神社 - The Tenson Shrine's official website

## Infobox (religious building)

- **religious affiliation**: Shinto
- **map type**: Japan
- **established**: 782
Twenty-Two Shrines

The Twenty-two Shrines, also known as the "Nijūni-sha," are a group of Shinto shrines located throughout Japan that are considered to be the most important and historically significant shrines in the country.

## List of shrines

The full list

### Upper Seven Shrines

|Shrine Name|Current Name|Location|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Jingū (神宮)|Jingū (also Ise Jingū 伊勢神宮)||Ise, Mie||
|Iwashimizu Hachimangū-ji (石清水八幡宮寺)|Iwashimizu Hachiman-gū (石清水八幡宮)|Yawata, Kyoto Prefecture|
|rowspan=2|Kamigamo Jinja (賀茂神社)||Kamo-wakeikazuchi Jinja (賀茂別雷神社)||Kamo-wakeikazuchi Jinja (Kamigamo Jinja) (上賀茂神社)||Kita-ku, Kyoto||
|Kamo-mioya Jinja (賀茂御祖神社)||Kamo-mioya Jinja (Shimogamo Jinja) (下鴨神社)||Sakyō-ku, Kyoto|||
|Matsunoo Jinja (松尾神社)|Matsunoo Taisha (松尾大社)|Ukyō-ku, Kyoto|
|Hirano Jinja (平野神社)|Hirano Jinja|Kita-ku, Kyoto|
|Inari Jinja (稲荷神社)|Fushimi Inari Taisha (伏見稲荷大社)|Fushimi-ku, Kyoto|
|Kasuga Jinja (春日神社)|Kasuga-taisha|Nara City, Nara Prefecture|

### Middle Seven Shrines

|Shrine Name|Current Name|Location|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Ōharano Jinja (大原野神社)|Ōharano Jinja|Nishikyō-ku, Kyoto|
|Ōmiwa Jinja (大神神社)|Ōmiwa Jinja|Sakurai, Nara|
|Isonokami Jinja (石上神社)|Isonokami Jingū|Tenri, Nara|
|Ōyamato Jinja (大和神社)|Ōyamato Jinja|Tenri, Nara|
|Hirose Jinja (廣瀬神社)|Hirose Taisha|Kawai, Nara|
|Tatsuta Jinja (龍田神社)|Tatsuta Taisha|Sangō, Nara|
|Sumiyoshi Jinja (住吉神社)|Sumiyoshi Taisha|Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka|

### Lower Eight Shrines

|Shrine Name|Current Name|Location|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Hie Jinja (日吉神社)|Hiyoshi Taisha|Otsu, Shiga|
|Umenomiya Jinja (梅宮神社)|Umenomiya Taisha|Ukyō-ku, Kyoto|
|Yoshida Jinja (吉田神社)|Yoshida Jinja|Sakyō-ku, Kyoto|
|Hirota Jinja (廣田神社)|Hirota Jinja|Nishinomiya, Hyōgo|
|Gion-sha (祇園社)|Yasaka Jinja (八坂神社)|Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto|
|Kitano Jinja (北野神社)|Kitano Tenman-gū (北野天満宮)|Kamigyō-ku, Kyoto|
|Niukawakami Jinja (丹生川上神社)|*Niukawakami Jinja Shimosha (lower shrine) Niukawakami Jinja Nakasha (middle shrine) *Niukawakami Jinja Kamisha (upper shrine)||Shimoichi, Nara Higashiyoshino, Nara Kawakami, Nara||
|Kibune Jinja (貴船神社)|Kibune Jinja (also Kifune Jinja)|Sakyō-ku, Kyoto|

- Ichinomiya
- List of Jingū
- List of Shinto shrines

## References

- Breen, John and Mark Teeuwen. (2000). _Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami._ Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2363-4
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962).  _Studies in Shinto and Shrines._ Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 399449
Kids (Robbie Williams and Kylie Minogue song)

"**Kids**" is a 2000 duet single by Robbie Williams and Kylie Minogue. It appeared on both Williams' third studio album _Sing When You're Winning_ and Minogue's seventh studio album _Light Years_. It went to the top ten in the United Kingdom, Scotland, Portugal, New Zealand, Ireland, Iceland and Hungary.

## Track listings

**Australian CD1**
1. "Kids" – 4:47
1. "John's Gay" – 3:40
1. "Often" – 2:46
1. "Rock DJ" (video)

**Australian CD2**
1. "Kids" – 4:47
1. "Karaoke Star" – 4:10
1. "Kill Me or Cure Me" – 2:14
1. "Kids" (video)

**European CD single**
1. "Kids" – 4:47
1. "John's Gay" – 3:40
1. "Kids" (video)

**UK CD1**
1. "Kids" – 4:47
1. "John's Gay" – 3:40
1. "Often" – 2:46
1. "Kids" (video)

**UK CD2**
1. "Kids" – 4:47
1. "Karaoke Star" – 4:10
1. "Kill Me or Cure Me" – 2:14

**UK cassette single**
1. "Kids" – 4:47
1. "John's Gay" – 3:40
1. "Often" – 2:46

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Kids
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Robbie Williams and Kylie Minogue
- **album**: Sing When You're Winning  Light Years (Kylie Minogue album), Light Years
- **label**: Chrysalis Records, Chrysalis
- **chronology**: Robbie Williams
- **prev title**: Rock DJ
- **prev year**: 2000
- **next title**: Supreme (song), Supreme
- **next year**: 2000
Wicres

**Wicres** (; ) is a communes in Nord in north France. In 2019, 522 people lived there.

## Other websites

- INSEE commune file

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Wicres
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Wicres St-Vaast.jpg
- **caption**: The church in Wicres
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Wicres (Nord).svg
- **arrondissement**: Lille
- **canton**: Annœullin
- **insee**: 59658
- **postal code**: 59134
- **mayor**: Philippe Lacaze
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Métropole Européenne de Lille
- **elevation m**: 32
- **elevation min m**: 26
- **elevation max m**: 39
- **area km2**: 2.77
Karasawayama Shrine

**Karasawayama Shrine** is a Beppyo shrine in Sano, Tochigi It is located on the former grounds of Karasawa Castle. The castle grounds including the shrine is a National historic site of Japan

## Infobox (religious building)