juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Magnolia, Texas

**Magnolia** is a city in Montgomery County, Texas, United States. It was founded in 1845. As of the 2023 United States census, 5,320 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Magnolia, Texas
- **settlement type**: Administrative divisions of Texas, City
- **nickname**: Home of Red
- **image skyline**: Magnolia Historic Depot.jpg
- **imagesize**: 275px
- **image caption**: Historic train depot in downtown Magnolia
- **image map**: Montgomery County Magnolia.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Magnolia, Texas
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Montgomery County, Texas, Montgomery
- **government type**: General Law Type A
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Matthew "Doc" Dantzer
- **leader title1**: Pro tempore, Mayor Pro Tem
- **leader name1**: Richard Carby
- **leader title2**: Councillor, Councilmembers
- **leader name2**: Daniel Miller
Buck Perino
Richard Carby
Brandon Jacobs
Jack L Huitt, Jr.
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1840's
- **established title1**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date1**: October 15, 1968
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 12.600
- **area land km2**: 12.547
- **area water km2**: 0.053
- **area total sq mi**: 4.865
- **area land sq mi**: 4.845
- **area water sq mi**: 0.020
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population est**: 5320
- **pop est as of**: 2023
- **population total**: 2359
- **population density km2**: 424.0
- **population density sq mi**: 1098
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: –6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: –5
- **elevation m**: 83
- **elevation ft**: 272
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 77353, 77354, 77355
- **area codes**: Area codes 713, 281, 832, 346, and 621, 713, 281, 832, 346, 621
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-46056
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1340838
- **blank2 name**: Sales tax
- **blank2 info**: 8.25%
Patton Village, Texas

**Patton Village** is a city in Montgomery County, Texas, United States. It was founded in 1966. As of the 2020 United States census, 1,647 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Patton Village, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Patton Village City Offices.jpg
- **image caption**: City offices for Patton Village
- **image map**: Montgomery County PattonVillage.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Patton Village, Texas
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Montgomery County, Texas, Montgomery
- **government type**: Type A General Law
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Scott Anderson
- **leader title1**: City Council
- **leader name1**: Dyane Anderson
Garry Hershman (Deputy Mayor, Mayor Pro Tem)
Billy Crittenden
David Gilliam
Barbara Earhart
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1966
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 6.24
- **area land km2**: 5.88
- **area water km2**: 0.35
- **area total sq mi**: 2.41
- **area land sq mi**: 2.27
- **area water sq mi**: 0.14
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 1647
- **population density km2**: 366.58
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 27
- **elevation ft**: 89
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-56156
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1388598
- **population density sq mi**: 949.38
Shenandoah, Texas

**Shenandoah** is a city in Montgomery County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 3,499 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Shenandoah, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Shenandoah sign.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Welcome sign located at the entrance to Shenandoah Drive along the Interstate 45 frontage road.
- **image map**: Montgomery County Shenandoah.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Shenandoah, Texas
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision name2**: Montgomery County, Texas, Montgomery
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: John Escoto
- **leader title1**: City Council
- **leader name1**: Ron Raymaker
Ted Fletcher
Jim Pollard
Charlie Bradt
Frank W. Robinson
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 5.06
- **area total sq mi**: 1.95
- **area land km2**: 5.06
- **area land sq mi**: 1.95
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation m**: 45
- **elevation ft**: 148
- **population total**: 3499
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 590.28
- **population density sq mi**: 1528.66
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 77381, 77384, 77385
- **area code**: Area code 281, 281
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-67400
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1388601
Mercy Peak

***Mercy Peak*** is a New Zealand drama television series that was originally aired on TV One from 25 July 2001 to 19 March 2004.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Drama
- **composer**: Joel Haines
- **country**: New Zealand
- **language**: English
- **num series**: 3
- **num episodes**: 60
- **producer**: John Laing (director), John Laing
- **cinematography**: Mark Olsen
- **runtime**: 60 minutes
- **company**: South Pacific Pictures
- **channel**: TVNZ 1, TV One
George Windsor

**George Windsor** may refer to:

- Prince George of Wales (born 2013), son of William, Prince of Wales, and Catherine, Princess of Wales
- Prince George, Duke of Kent (1902–1942), son of George V
- George VI, King of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India (1895–1952)
- George V, King of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India (1865–1936)
Dayton Lakes, Texas

**Dayton Lakes** is a city in Liberty County, Texas, United States. It was founded on January 19, 1985. As of the 2020 United States census, 45 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Dayton Lakes, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: Liberty County DaytonLakes.svg
- **mapsize**: 300px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Liberty County, Texas, Liberty
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2.51
- **area land km2**: 2.22
- **area water km2**: 0.29
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 45
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 30
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-19435
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2410302
Devers, Texas

**Devers** is a city in Liberty County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 361 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Devers, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Devers.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Devers, Texas
- **image map1**: Liberty County Devers.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Liberty County, Texas, Liberty
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 4.82
- **area land km2**: 4.82
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 1.86
- **area land sq mi**: 1.86
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 361
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 56
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 77538
- **area code**: Area code 936, 936
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-20140
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2410331
North Cleveland, Texas

**North Cleveland** is a city in Liberty County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 225 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: North Cleveland, Texas
- **settlement type**: Community
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-NorthCleveland.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of North Cleveland, Texas
- **image map1**: Liberty County NorthCleveland.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Liberty County, Texas, Liberty
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 5.00
- **area land km2**: 4.93
- **area water km2**: 0.07
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 225
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 131
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 77327
- **area codes**: Area codes 713, 281, 832, and 346, 281/346/713/832
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-51984
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411272
Plum Grove, Texas

**Plum Grove** is a city in Liberty County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 1,245 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Plum Grove, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-PlumGrove.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Plum Grove, Texas
- **image map1**: Liberty County PlumGrove.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Liberty County, Texas, Liberty
- **government type**: Council / Manager
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 9.71
- **area land km2**: 9.71
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 3.75
- **area land sq mi**: 3.75
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 1,245
- **population density km2**: 61.8
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 95
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 77327
- **area code**: Area code 281, 281
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-58448
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411444
Plum Grove

**Plum Grove** can refer to:
- United States
- Plum Grove, Kansas, a ghost town
- Plum Grove, Mississippi, an unincorporated community
- Plum Grove, Texas, a city
- Plum Grove Historic House in Iowa City, Iowa
- Plum Grove, Illinois, now known as Rolling Meadows, Illinois
- Plum Grove Junior High School, a junior high school in Rolling Meadows, Illinois
Bahishti Zewar

**Bahishti Zewar** (Urdu: بِهِشْتَى زَىورْ, transl: Jewels of Heaven ) is a book about Deobandi beliefs and daily religious practices. It was written by Ashraf Ali Thanawi and Ahmad Ali Fatehpuri.

The book is a big guide to Islamic law, religious acts, and good behavior. It was written especially to teach girls and women. It talks about things like prayer, fasting, cleanliness, and women’s matters such as menstruation.

The book explains the Five Pillars of Islam and also teaches other religious rules and ideas. For many years, this book was very popular among Muslims in the Indian subcontinent and among Indian Muslim communities around the world.

The book was first written in Urdu, and later it was translated into many other languages, including English.

## Sections

The book has ten parts:

- “True Stories”
- “Beliefs”
- “Wrong Beliefs and Wrong Actions”
- “Prayer and why it is important”
- “Fasting, Zakat (charity), animal sacrifice, pilgrimage, vows, leaving Islam, lawful and unlawful things, and similar topics”
- “Marriage, divorce, waiting period, money support, child care, daily rights, and reading the Quran”
- “Work, business, and earning money”
- “Good manners, fixing the heart, actions and rewards, and signs of the end times”
- “The lives of religious women”
- “Health topics and good behavior”

## Legacy

The book Perfecting Women, written in 1992 by Barbara Daly Metcalf, explains and studies the book **Bahishti Zewar**.

## See also

Ashraf Ali Thanawi

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Bahishti Zewar
- **image**: Cover of Bahishti Zewar, 1909.jpg
- **caption**: 1909 edition
- **language**: Urdu
- **genre**: Fiqh
Tafwid

**Tafwid** is a religious word used by Muslim scholars in Islamic belief.
It means leaving the knowledge of how something is to Allah.

In Islamic belief, tafwid means that the meaning of Allah’s attributes is known, but how they are is unknown. The how is left to Allah alone.

This idea became an important topic in Islamic belief discussions from the 4th century AH, especially when scholars spoke about Allah’s attributes.

Early Muslim scholars used tafwid to avoid comparing Allah to His creation. They believed that Allah is not like anything else, so people must not try to imagine how His attributes are.

Early scholars such as Ibn al-Majishun and Ahmad ibn Hanbal used tafwīḍ only for the how, not for the meaning. The attribute is affirmed as Allah described it, without asking how it is.

## Tafwid according to Sunnis

For Sunnis, tafwid means:

- The meaning of Allah’s attributes is known
- The how of the attribute is unknown
- The how is left to Allah
- They do not change the meaning of the words.
- They believe in the attribute as it appears, but do not ask how it works.

A famous example is the saying of Imam Malik ibn Anas when he was asked about Allah’s rising over the Throne:

- “The rising is known,
- the how is not known,
- believing in it is required,

- and asking about it is an innovation.”

This means:

- People know what the word means
- But they do not know how it is
- And they do not try to imagine it

## Explanation by Ibn Taymiyyah

Ibn Taymiyyah explained that asking how Allah’s attributes work is wrong:

- He said asking “How does Allah rise?” is like asking:
- How does Allah hear?
- How does Allah see?
- How does Allah know?
- How does Allah create?
- He explained that Muslims:
- Know the meanings
- Do not know the how
- Leave the how to Allah

He said the early scholars all agreed on this way.

## Rationale for Sunni view on tafwid

Sunnis say that Allah sent the Qur’an so people can understand it and think about its meanings. If meanings were unknown, people could not understand the Qur’an or think about it properly.

So:

- Meanings are understood
- The how is unknown
- The how is left to Allah
Pan-Turkism

**Pan‑Turkism** (Turkish: Pantürkizm) is a political and cultural idea that supports the unity of all Turkic peoples. These peoples live in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Volga region, Iran, China, and Afghanistan. The idea became important in the late 1800s and early 1900s among Turkic writers in the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.

Pan‑Turkism says that Turkic peoples share a common language family, culture, and history, and that they should work together. Some versions support cultural unity, while others support political unity. Pan‑Turkism is related to Turanism, but Turanism includes more groups than only Turkic peoples.

## History

Pan‑Turkism began among Turkic intellectuals in the Crimea, the Volga region, and the South Caucasus. One of the first leaders was İsmail Gasprinski (Ismail Gaspirali), a Crimean Tatar writer. In 1883, he started the newspaper _Tercüman_, which called for “unity in language, thought, and action” among Turkic peoples.

In the early 1900s, Pan‑Turkism spread to the Ottoman Empire. Some Ottoman writers and politicians believed the empire could become stronger by forming closer ties with Turkic peoples living in Russia, Iran, and Central Asia. During World War I, Pan‑Turkism influenced some Ottoman military plans, especially in the Caucasus Front.

After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, Pan‑Turkism continued mostly as a cultural idea. In the 20th century, it influenced Turkish nationalism, Azerbaijani nationalism, and cultural movements in Central Asia. Today, Pan‑Turkism appears mainly in cultural cooperation, such as the Organization of Turkic States.

## Ideas and criticism

Pan‑Turkism is based on the belief that Turkic peoples share a language family and a long history. Supporters say that these peoples should help each other and protect their shared culture. Some versions support political unity, but many focus only on cultural unity.

## Governments

Governments in the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union opposed Pan‑Turkism because they believed it could cause separatism or weaken state control. Some scholars also say that Pan‑Turkism can oversimplify the differences between Turkic peoples.

## Other websites

Encyclopaedia Britannica
International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Encyclopedia.com
Shahrukh Mirza

**Shahrukh Mirza** (; 20 August 1377 – 13 March 1447) was the fourth son of Timur and the longest-reigning ruler of the Timurid dynasty, ruling from 1405 to 1447. After Timur's death, Shahrukh emerged as the most powerful of his sons and consolidated control over the eastern and central parts of the empire. He established his capital in Herat, which became a major center of Persianate culture and Islamic scholarship during his reign.

## Reign

Shahrukh’s rule marked a shift from his father’s militarism to a more stable and administrative governance. He maintained control over Khorasan, Transoxiana, and much of Iran, although western territories such as Iraq and Anatolia were lost. His reign was characterized by relative peace, economic recovery, and the flourishing of arts and sciences. He delegated authority to his sons, most notably Ulugh Beg, who governed Samarkand and became a renowned astronomer.

## Cultural Patronage

Shahrukh was a major patron of Persian culture, sponsoring poets, historians, and artists. His court historian, Hafiz-i Abru, compiled the _Majmaʿ al-Tawārīkh_, a universal history that continued the tradition of Rashid al-Din’s _Jamiʿ al-Tawarikh_.

His wife, Gawhar Shad, was also a powerful cultural figure, commissioning the construction of the Gawhar Shad Mosque and other architectural works in Herat. Under their patronage, Herat became a leading center of Persian miniature painting, architecture, and Sufi scholarship.

## Death and Legacy

Shahrukh died in Rayy in 1447 while returning from a campaign. His death led to a succession crisis that weakened the Timurid state. Despite this, his reign is remembered as the golden age of Timurid cultural achievement and administrative stability. His legacy continued through the Mughal Empire, founded by his grandson Babur, which carried forward many Timurid traditions in South Asia.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Shahrukh Mirza
- **title**: Sultan of the Timurid Empire
- **image**:
- **caption**: Portrait of Shahrukh Mirza
- **reign**: 1405–1447
- **predecessor**: Timur
- **successor**: Ulugh Beg
- **father**: Timur
- **mother**: Taghay Tarkhan Agha
- **birth date**: 20 August 1377
- **birth place**: Samarkand, Timurid Empire
- **death date**: 13 March 1447 (aged 69)
- **death place**: Ray, Iran, Rayy, Timurid Empire
- **burial place**: Gur-e-Amir, Samarkand
- **religion**: Sunni Islam
Ulugh Beg

**Ulugh Beg** (; 22 March 1394 – 27 October 1449) was a Timurid sultan, astronomer, and mathematician who ruled parts of Central Asia from 1447 to 1449. Born as Mirza Muhammad Taraghay, he was the son of Shahrukh Mirza and Gawhar Shad, and the grandson of Timur. Though his reign as ruler was brief, Ulugh Beg is best remembered for his monumental contributions to astronomy and science, particularly through the construction of the Ulugh Beg Observatory in Samarkand.

## Reign

Ulugh Beg was appointed governor of Samarkand by his father in 1409 and ruled the region for nearly four decades before formally ascending the Timurid throne in 1447. His political rule was marked by internal instability and rivalry with other Timurid princes, particularly his son Abdal-Latif Mirza. Despite his administrative challenges, Ulugh Beg maintained control over Transoxiana and continued his father’s legacy of supporting Persianate culture and Islamic scholarship.

## Scientific Legacy

Ulugh Beg is widely regarded as one of the greatest astronomers of the Islamic Golden Age. In 1420, he founded a madrasa in Samarkand that became a major center of learning. Between 1424 and 1429, he oversaw the construction of the Ulugh Beg Observatory, one of the most advanced astronomical institutions of its time. There, he compiled the _Zij-i Sultani_, a star catalogue that listed over 1,000 stars with remarkable accuracy.

His observatory featured a massive meridian arc and other instruments that allowed for precise measurements of celestial bodies. His work corrected many errors in Ptolemaic astronomy and remained influential in both the Islamic world and Europe for centuries.

## Death and Legacy

In 1449, Ulugh Beg was overthrown and executed near Samarkand by order of his own son, Abdal-Latif Mirza, during a dynastic power struggle. Despite his tragic end, Ulugh Beg’s legacy as a scientist eclipsed his political failures. His observatory and star catalogue are considered among the most important achievements of medieval Islamic science.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Ulugh Beg
- **title**: Sultan of the Timurid Empire
- **image**:
- **caption**: Portrait of Ulugh Beg
- **reign**: 1447–1449
- **predecessor**: Shahrukh Mirza
- **successor**: Abdal-Latif Mirza
- **father**: Shahrukh Mirza
- **mother**: Gawhar Shad
- **birth date**: 22 March 1394
- **birth place**: Soltaniyeh, Timurid Empire
- **death date**: 27 October 1449 (aged 55)
- **death place**: near Samarkand, Timurid Empire
- **burial place**: Gur-e-Amir, Samarkand
- **religion**: Sunni Islam
Taqlid

**Taqlid** means following someone else's opinion or action without checking the proof yourself. It is like believing someone just because they said it, not because you know it is right. The person who performs taqlid is called a muqallid.

In simple words, it is copying someone else without thinking carefully.

## Islamic law on taqlid

In Islamic law, taqlid is taking someone else's opinion without knowing the proof. For example, following Abu Hanifa or Ahmad ibn Hanbal just because they said so, not because you see the reason.

### Hanafi view

The Hanafi school of thought allows ordinary people who cannot do ijtihad (make independent legal judgments) to follow the teachings of a qualified scholar.

Following a scholar in practical matters like prayer, fasting, or transactions is permitted and recommended.

However, blind imitation is discouraged; one should follow scholars who have evidence for their rulings.

### Hanbali view

The Hanbali school emphasizes understanding the proofs from the Qur’an and Hadith.

Blindly following a scholar without knowing the evidence is generally disliked.

If someone cannot understand the proofs, they may follow a knowledgeable scholar, but the focus should remain on evidence, not just following people.

## Two types of taqlid

Good Taqlid: Following a scholar when one cannot do ijtihad, and doing so with understanding that it is based on knowledge.

Bad Taqlid:

- Following parents or leaders blindly.
- Following someone who is not knowledgeable.
- Following even when the proof shows otherwise.
- Scholars like Al-Shafi’i and Ibn Qayyim warned that taqlid without evidence is wrong and dangerous.

## References

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Marlin Bay

***Marlin Bay*** is a hour New Zealand drama television series that was originally aired on TV One from 1992 to 1994.

## Infobox (television)

- **creator**: Greg McGee
- **composer**: Stephen McCurdy
- **country**: New Zealand
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 3
- **num episodes**: 39
- **editor**: Ken Zemke
- **company**: South Pacific Pictures
- **network**: TVNZ 1, TV One
SV Gloggnitz

The **Sportvereinigung Gloggnitz (**SV Gloggnitz for short) is a football club from the Lower Austrian town of Gloggnitz. They play in the Regionalliga East (3rd tier of Austrian football). The clubs colors are blue and white.

## History

The club was founded in 1922. After a time in lower classes of the Lower Austrian Football Association the most successful time of the club started in the 1948-49 season. The club won the title in the Lower Austrian Landesliga. The  title win  enabled direct promotion to the newly founded Austrian Football State League. The  highlights in Gloggnitz were the competitive matches against SK Rapid Wien and FK Austria Wien. Around 10,000 spectators visited the matches. The club only reaches eleven points in its sole first division season in 1949/50. They were relegated to the newly introduced State League B in 1950/51.

After relegation from the Austrian State League B, SV Gloggnitz played in the Lower Austrian State League. They became Lower Austrian champions in 1960/61 and were promoted to the Regional League East. From 1961/62 to 1965/66, SV Gloggnitz played in the Regional League East. They finished third twice. After relegation from the Regional League the club was step by step  relegated till the lowest division. In the summer of 1971, the two Gloggnitz clubs merged to form _ASK SV FEZ Gloggnitz_. The club was later renamed SV Gloggnitz. After being relegated to the lowest league, SV Gloggnitz fought their way back up to the Regionalliga Ost (third tier).

## Stadium

The first sports facility was built behind the Schrammelteich pond in Enzenreith. In September 1940 the new sports ground, the current Alpenstadion, was built. In 2011, the existing grandstand was demolished and replaced with a modern structure. Since the 2022/23 season, the team has officially played its home games at the Krammer Arena.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: SV Gloggnitz
- **image**: SV Gloggnitz.png
- **alt**: Logo SV Gloggnitz
- **fullname**: Sportvereinigung Gloggnitz
- **founded**: 1922
- **chairman**: Martin Eckbauer
- **website**: https://www.sv-gloggnitz.at/
- **manager**: Thomas Eckbauer
- **ground**: Krammer-Arena
- **capacity**: 2,500
- **league**: Regionalliga Mitte
- **season**: 2024-25
- **position**: 13th
Media center

A **media center** is a kind of computer software that can play more than one type of media (multimedia) like media players, but are focused on larger screens like televisions.

They can play digital audio, videos, pictures, and can have a library that helps you organize them. The look and feel of media centers are large to make it easier to view the software from a distance like a living room couch. They may run on many computer operating systems, like Microsoft Windows or Linux.

The first media centers came from 2002. Kodi from 2002 was made for the original Xbox, but is now on many operating systems like Microsoft Windows, and Linux. MythTV from 2002 can record and play television broadcasts and play digital audio, videos, and pictures. Windows Media Center is a media center by Microsoft for Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows Vista, and Windows 7.

## Overview

Media centers are software for more than one type of media (multimedia). They can play digital audio, pictures, videos, movies and TV shows, and more. Some media centers like Windows Media Center or Kodi are able to play or record television broadcasts. They can go through and search media, and the look and feel of media centers are large to make it easier to view from a distance like a living room couch. Media centers can be controlled by remotes, such as remotes, smartphones or game controllers.
Uwe Kockisch

**Uwe Kockisch** (31 January 1944 – 22 December 2025) was a German actor. He was born in Cottbus, and died in Madrid. To the German public he is mostly known as commissario Brunetti in the TV serial Donna Leon. He played this character over 15 years almost as long as the series ran. Kockisch died of Lung cancer, at the age of 81.
T Line (Sound Transit)

The **T Line**, formerly known as **Tacoma Link**, is a streetcar line that operates in the city of Tacoma, in the Seattle metropolitan area, in the U.S. state of Washington.
It is the only true streetcar line that is part of Sound Transit's light rail network, Link light rail.

It opened on August 22, 2003, as the _Tacoma Link_. The single line was given the color orange in 2019 and was temporarily renamed as the _Orange Line_, and in 2020 was finally renamed as the _T Line_.

At its opening, it was the first modern streetcar system in Washington state, and had a track length of  and 6 stations. Since the extension of the line to the Hilltop neighborhood on September 16, 2023, the system now covers  and has 12 stations. The streetcar line is planned to be extended to Tacoma Community College, and is planned to be connected with the rest of the Link light rail network, which serves the Seattle metropolitan area.

The T Line is the successor of the original Tacoma streetcar system, which operated between 1888 and 1938, which began as a horse-drawn streetcar, which was later electrified, and which had a maximum network length of  in 1912.

## Other websites

- Official Sound Transit website

## Infobox (rail line)

- **name**: T Line
- **other name**: Tacoma Link
Orange Line
- **logo**: Line T (Sound Transit) icon.svg
- **logo width**: 35px
- **logo alt**: Logo for Link light rail, showing a stylized "T" with an "S" embossed over it with negative space.
- **image**: T Line in the Stadium District, Tacoma - July 2025.jpg
- **image width**: 300px
- **image alt**: A short train traveling in the center of a street, passing several cars.
- **caption**: A T Line streetcar in the Stadium District
- **type**: Streetcar
- **system**: Link light rail
- **status**: Operational
- **locale**: Tacoma, Washington
- **start**: St. Joseph
- **end**: Tacoma Dome Station
- **stations**: 12
- **daily ridership**: (2024, weekdays)
- **ridership2**: 919,603 (2024)
- **owner**: Sound Transit
- **operator**: Sound Transit
- **character**: At-grade, mixed between running on the street and having a separate lane free from motor vehicle traffic
- **linelength mi**: 4.0
- **tracks**: 1–2
- **speed mph**: 25
- **map**:
- **map name**: Map of the T Line (with the Hilltop expansion in blue and the planned expansion to Tacoma Community College in light blue)
- **map state**: uncollapsed
Futurama season 2

The 2nd season of the American animated television series ***Futurama*** first started showing on Fox on November 21, 1999.

## Infobox (television season)

- **season number**: 2
- **bgcolor**: #18473D
- **country**: United States
- **num episodes**: 19
- **network**: Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox
- **episode list**: List of Futurama episodes, List of episodes
- **next season**: Futurama season 3, Season 3
- **prev season**: Futurama season 1, Season 1
Mitchell, Oregon

**Mitchell** is a city in Wheeler County, Oregon, United States. It was founded in 1873. As of the 2020 United States census, 138 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Mitchell, Oregon
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Mitchell skyline.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: Main Street as seen from High Street
- **image map**: Wheeler_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Mitchell_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Oregon
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oregon
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Oregon, County
- **subdivision name2**: Wheeler County, Oregon, Wheeler
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jake Crawford
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **area total sq mi**: 1.28
- **area total km2**: 3.31
- **area land sq mi**: 1.28
- **area land km2**: 3.31
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 138
- **population density km2**: 41.70
- **population density sq mi**: 107.98
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 846.4
- **elevation ft**: 2777
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 97750
- **area code**: Area code 541, 541
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 41-49150
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1146370
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Spray, Oregon

**Spray** is a city in Wheeler County, Oregon, United States. It was founded in 1900. As of the 2020 United States census, 139 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Spray, Oregon
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: The City by the River
- **named for**: John Fremont Spray and Mary E. Spray, early settlers
- **image skyline**: Spray city hall.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: Spray City Hall in 2011
- **image map**: Wheeler_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Spray_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Oregon
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oregon
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Oregon, County
- **subdivision name2**: Wheeler County, Oregon, Wheeler
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Arcadius St. Laurent
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: 1958
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 0.75
- **area land km2**: 0.75
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.29
- **area land sq mi**: 0.29
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 139
- **population density km2**: 185.28
- **population density sq mi**: 479.31
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 540.1
- **elevation ft**: 1772
- **website**: [http://www.sprayoregon.us www.sprayoregon.us]
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 97874
- **area code**: Area code 541, 541
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 41-69450
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1127403
Hewitt, Texas

**Hewitt** is a city in McLennan County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 16,026 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hewitt, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: "Life Just Right"
- **image skyline**: Hewitt Texas City Hall 2019.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Hewitt city hall
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Hewitt.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Hewitt, Texas
- **image map1**: McLennan County Hewitt.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: McLennan County, Texas, McLennan
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 18.21
- **area land km2**: 18.19
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **area total sq mi**: 7.03
- **area land sq mi**: 7.02
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 16026
- **population density km2**: 821.14
- **population density sq mi**: 2126.87
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 627
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 76643
- **area code**: Area code 254, 254
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-33428
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2410752
- **website**: [http://www.cityofhewitt.com/ http://www.cityofhewitt.com/]
Lacy Lakeview, Texas

**Lacy Lakeview** is a city in McLennan County, Texas, United States. It was founded in 1953. As of the 2020 United States census, 6,988 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lacy Lakeview, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: City on the Move
- **image map**: McLennan County LacyLakeview.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Lacy Lakeview, Texas
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: McLennan County, Texas, McLennan
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 10.82
- **area land km2**: 10.76
- **area water km2**: 0.05
- **area total sq mi**: 4.18
- **area land sq mi**: 4.16
- **area water sq mi**: 0.02
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 6988
- **population density km2**: 624.45
- **population density sq mi**: 1617.18
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 486
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-40168
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411590
Leroy, Texas

**Leroy** is a city in McLennan County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 354 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Leroy, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Leroy.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Leroy, Texas
- **image map1**: McLennan County Leroy.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: McLennan County, Texas, McLennan
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 4.89
- **area land km2**: 4.88
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **area total sq mi**: 1.89
- **area land sq mi**: 1.88
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 354
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 499
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 76654
- **area code**: Area code 254, 254
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-42400
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2410823
Riesel, Texas

**Riesel** is a city in McLennan County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 1,062 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Riesel, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Riesel.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Riesel, Texas
- **image map1**: McLennan County Riesel.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: McLennan County, Texas, McLennan
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 10.53
- **area land km2**: 10.50
- **area water km2**: 0.03
- **area total sq mi**: 4.07
- **area land sq mi**: 4.06
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 1062
- **population density km2**: 98.72
- **population density sq mi**: 255.67
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 486
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 76682
- **area code**: Area code 254, 254
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-62108
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2410946
Robinson, Texas

**Robinson** is a city in McLennan County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 12,443 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Robinson, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: "Rockets Never Quit!"
- **named for**: John and Levi Robinson
- **image skyline**: RobinsonShoppingCenter.JPG
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **image caption**: This shopping center in Robinson contains several businesses.
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Robinson.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Robinson, Texas
- **image map1**: McLennan County Robinson.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: McLennan County, Texas, McLennan
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 81.80
- **area land km2**: 80.95
- **area water km2**: 0.85
- **area total sq mi**: 31.58
- **area land sq mi**: 31.25
- **area water sq mi**: 0.33
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 12443
- **population density km2**: 147.32
- **population density sq mi**: 381.57
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 466
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 76706
- **area code**: Area code 254, 254
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-62588
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2410972
Ross, Texas

**Ross** is a city in McLennan County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 245 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ross, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Ross Texas City Hall.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Ross City Hall building
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Ross.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Ross, Texas
- **image map1**: McLennan County Ross.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: McLennan County, Texas, McLennan
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 4.53
- **area land km2**: 4.53
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 1.75
- **area land sq mi**: 1.75
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 245
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 571
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 76684
- **area code**: Area code 254, 254
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-63380
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411002
Woodway, Texas

**Woodway** is a city in McLennan County, Texas, United States. It was founded on June 20, 1955. As of the 2020 United States census, 354 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Woodway, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Woodway.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Woodway, Texas
- **image map1**: McLennan County Woodway.svg
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: McLennan County, Texas, McLennan
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 17.05
- **area land km2**: 17.01
- **area water km2**: 0.04
- **area total sq mi**: 6.58
- **area land sq mi**: 6.57
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 9383
- **population density km2**: 530.40
- **population density sq mi**: 1373.73
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 653
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 76712
- **area code**: Area code 254, 254
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-80224
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2412306
- **website**: https://www.woodwaytexas.gov
Grantchester (TV series)

***Grantchester*** is a British detective drama television series that was originally aired on ITV since October 6, 2014.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Grantchester (TV series) titlecard.jpg
- **image alt**: Series title over a view of the countryside
- **caption**: Series 7 title card
- **genre**: Cozy mystery
Period drama
Detective fiction
Whodunnit
- **based on**: _The Grantchester Mysteries_ by James Runcie
- **developer**: Daisy Coulam
- **composer**: John Lunn
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **num series**: 10
- **num episodes**: 67
- **list episodes**: List of Grantchester episodes
- **executive producer**: Diederick Santer
Rebecca Eaton
- **producer**: Emma Kingsman-Lloyd (1-3)
 Richard Cookson (4-6)
 Tim Whitby (7)
- **cinematography**: Julian Court
- **runtime**: 45 minutes
- **company**: Kudos (production company), Kudos/Masterpiece co-production
- **network**: ITV (TV network), ITV
- **last aired**: present