January 30

### Up to 1900

- 1018 – The Peace of Bautzen is signed between Poland and Germany.
- 1607 – Massive flooding hits the coasts of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary in England, killing around 2,000 people.
- 1648 – The Treaty of Münster is signed, ending the Eighty Years' War between the Netherlands and Spain.
- 1649 – King Charles I of England is beheaded.
- 1661 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is formally executed – after having been dead for two years.
- 1667 – The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth cedes Kiev, Smolensk and western Ukraine to the Tsardom of Russia.
- 1790 – The first boat specialized as a lifeboat is tested on the River Tyne.
- 1806 – The original Lower Trenton Bridge, spanning the Delaware River between Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey, is opened.
- 1820 – Edward Bransfield lands on the Antarctic mainland.
- 1826 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, connecting the island of Anglesey and mainland Wales, is opened.
- 1835 – A mentally ill man named Richard Lawrence attempts to assassinate President Andrew Jackson in the United States Capitol—the first assassination attempt against a President. Both of Lawrence's pistols misfire, and Jackson proceeds to beat his would-be assassin with his cane.
- 1841 – A fire destroys two-thirds of the city of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.
- 1847 – Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco.
- 1862 – The first American ironclad warship, the USS _Monitor_ is launched.
- 1869 – The University of Idaho is started.
- 1889 – Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in Mayerling. How they died remains a mystery.
- 1900 – United Kingdom forces fighting Boers in South Africa ask for reinforcements.

### 1901 – 2000

- 1902 – The United Kingdom and Japan sign the Anglo-Japanese Alliance.
- 1911 – The destroyer USS _Terry_ makes the first airplane rescue at sea saving the life of James McCurdy 10 miles from Havana, Cuba.
- 1911 – The Canadian Naval Service becomes the Royal Canadian Navy.
- 1913 – House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill.
- 1925 – Government of Turkey throws Patriarch Constantine VI out of Istanbul.
- 1933 – Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.
- 1933 – The first of 2,956 episodes of _The Lone Ranger_ radio series airs on station WXYZ in Detroit, Michigan.
- 1942 – World War II: Japanese forces invade the island of Ambon in what is now Indonesia.
- 1944 – World War II: United States troops invade Majuro, Marshall Islands.
- 1945 – The _Wilhelm Gustloff_ sinks in the Baltic Sea in the deadliest maritime disaster in known history, killing roughly 9,000.
- 1948 – Indian pacifist and leader Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated in Delhi by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist.
- 1948 – 1948 Winter Olympics open in St. Moritz, Switzerland. Because of World War II a few years previously, German and Japanese athletes are not allowed to take part.
- 1956 – Martin Luther King, Jr.'s home is bombed in retaliation for the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
- 1959 – The ship MS _Hans Hedtoft_ strikes an iceberg on her first voyage and sinks, killing 95 people on board.
- 1962 – Two of the high-wire Flying Wallendas are killed when their famous seven-person pyramid collapses during a performance in Detroit, Michigan.
- 1964 – Ranger 6 is launched by NASA. Its mission is to carry television cameras and to crash-land on the moon.
- 1964 – Nguyen Khanh takes power in South Vietnam, removing Duong Van Minh's military junta from power.
- 1965 – The funeral of Winston Churchill takes place in London. Over a million people line the streets to say farewell.
- 1968 – Vietnam War: The Tết Offensive begins when NLF forces launch series of a surprise attacks in South Vietnam.
- 1969 – The Beatles' last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records in London. The impromptu concert is broken up by the police.
- 1972 – Bloody Sunday: United Kingdom British Paratroopers murder fourteen Roman Catholic civil rights /anti internment marchers in Northern Ireland– Bloody Sunday (1972)
- 1972 – Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth of Nations.
- 1975 – First faroese stamp issued
- 1983 – Super Bowl XVII: The Washington Redskins defeat the Miami Dolphins, 27–17, thus winning their first NFL championship since 1942.
- 1989 – The American embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan closes.
- 1994 – Péter Lékó becomes the youngest grand master in chess.
- 1994 – The Dallas Cowboys win their fourth Super Bowl title, 30-13 over the Buffalo Bills in Super Bowl XXVIII.
- 1995 – Workers from the National Institutes of Health announce the success of clinical trials testing the first preventive treatment for sickle-cell disease.
- 1996 – Suspected leader of the Irish National Liberation Army Gino Gallagher is killed while in line for his unemployment benefit.
- 2000 – Off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169.
- 2000 – In Super Bowl XXXIV, the St. Louis Rams defeat the Tennessee Titans, 23–16.

### From 2001

- 2002 – Slobodan Milošević accuses the United Nations war crimes tribunal of an "evil and hostile attack" against him.
- 2003 – Belgium legally recognizes same-sex marriage.
- 2005 – Amid violence and threats to boycott the results, Iraq holds an election for its National Assembly, the country's first free election since 1953.
- 2007 – Microsoft Windows Vista is released.
- 2015 – 55 people are killed in a bomb attack in Shikarpur, Southern Pakistan.
- 2016 – 39 people drown as a boat carrying refugees sinks in the Mediterranean Sea.
- 2016 – Tennis: Angelique Kerber becomes the first German woman since Steffi Graf to win a Grand Slam singles title, defeating Serena Williams in three sets to win the Australian Open.

### Up to 1900

- 58 BC – Livia Drusilla, wife of Roman Emperor Augustus (d. 29)
- 133 – Marcus Severus Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor (d. 193)
- 1563 – Franciscus Gomarus, Dutch theologian (d. 1641)
- 1628 – George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English diplomat (d. 1687)
- 1661 – Charles Rollin, French historian (d. 1741)
- 1697 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flautist (d. 1773)
- 1720 – Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist and entomologist (d. 1778)
- 1736 – James Watt, Scottish engineer (d. 1819)
- 1754 – John Lansing, Jr., American statesman (d. 1829)
- 1775 – Walter Savage Landor, English writer and poet (d. 1864)
- 1781 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (d. 1838)
- 1816 – Nathaniel Prentice Banks, American politician, Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1894)
- 1822 – Franz Ritter von Hauer, Austrian geologist (d. 1899)
- 1841 – Félix Faure, French politician (d. 1899)
- 1841 – Sam Lloyd, American game inventor and puzzle specialist (d. 1911)
- 1845 – Jose Domingo de Obaldia, 2nd President of Panama (d. 1910)
- 1846 – F. H. Bradley, British philosopher (d. 1924)
- 1852 – Ion Luca Caragiale, Romanian playwright and poet (d. 1912)
- 1862 – Walter Damrosch, German conductor and composer (d. 1950)
- 1875 – Walter Middelberg, Dutch rower (d. 1944)
- 1878 – Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Estonian writer (d. 1940)
- 1882 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (d. 1945)
- 1884 – Pedro Pablo Ramirez, President of Argentina (d. 1962)
- 1888 – Beatrice Brigden, Canadian activist (d. 1977)
- 1889 – Jaishankar Prasad, Indian poet and dramatist (d. 1937)
- 1890 – Bruno Kastner, German actor (d. 1932)
- 1894 – Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria (d. 1943)
- 1895 – Wilhelm Gustloff, German leader of the Swiss Nazi Party (d. 1936)
- 1899 – Max Theiler, South African virologist (d. 1972)
- 1900 – Isaac Dunayevsky, Soviet composer (d. 1955)

### 1901 – 1950

- 1901 – Rudolf Caracciola, German racing driver (d. 1959)
- 1910 – Chidambaram Subramaniam, Indian politician (d. 2000)
- 1911 – Roy Eldridge, American jazz musician (d. 1989)
- 1912 – Werner Hartmann, German physicist (d. 1988)
- 1913 – Percy Thrower, English gardener and television host (d. 1988)
- 1913 – Amrita Sher-Gil, Indian painter (d. 1941)
- 1915 – John Profumo, British politician (d. 2006)
- 1917 – Paul Frère, Belgian racing driver, journalist and author (d. 2008)
- 1920 – Michael Anderson, British director
- 1920 – Delbert Mann, American director (d. 2007)
- 1924 – Lloyd Alexander, American writer (d. 2007)
- 1925 – Douglas Engelbart, American inventor (d. 2013)
- 1927 – Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1986)
- 1928 – Hal Prince, American stage producer and director
- 1929 – Lucille Teasdale-Corti, Canadian physician, surgeon and aid worker (d. 1996)
- 1929 – Isamu Akasaki, Japanese scientist, joint-winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics
- 1930 – Gene Hackman, American actor
- 1930 – Janis Krumins, Latvian basketball player (d. 1994)
- 1930 – Egon Klepsch, German politician (d. 2010)
- 1931 – Shirley Hazzard, Australian-American writer (d. 2016)
- 1932 – Knock Yokoyama, Japanese comedian and politician
- 1934 – Tammy Grimes, American actress and singer (d. 2016)
- 1934 – Giovanni Battista Re, Italian cardinal
- 1935 – Richard Brautigan, American writer (d. 1984)
- 1935 – Jean Tiberi, former Mayor of Paris
- 1936 – Horst Jankowski, German pianist (d. 1998)
- 1937 – Vanessa Redgrave, British actress
- 1937 – Boris Spassky, Russian chess player
- 1937 – Ed Hansen, American movie director and editor (d. 2005)
- 1938 – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (d. 2016)
- 1940 – Mitch Murray, English songwriter and producer
- 1941 – Gregory Benford, American science fiction writer
- 1941 – Dick Cheney, 46th Vice President of the United States
- 1945 – Meir Dagan, Israeli general (d. 2016)
- 1945 – Michael Dorris, American author (d. 1997)
- 1946 – John Bird, Baron Bird, English social entrepreneur
- 1947 – Steve Marriott, English musician (d. 1991)
- 1947 – Malgorzata Braunek, Polish actress (d. 2014)
- 1948 – Sergio Cofferati, Italian politician
- 1949 – Peter Agre, American biologist
- 1949 – Jaak Salumets, Estonian basketball player and coach

### 1951 – 1975

- 1951 – Phil Collins, British singer and musician
- 1951 – Philip Whitchurch, British actor
- 1955 – John Baldacci, American politician, 73rd Governor of Maine
- 1955 – Curtis Strange, American golfer
- 1956 – Keiichi Tsuchiya, Japanese racing driver
- 1956 – Darko Rundek, Croatian musician, actor and theatre director
- 1956 – Jeremy Gittins, English actor
- 1957 – Payne Stewart, American golfer (d. 1999)
- 1959 – Irina Pudova, Yakut ballerina
- 1960 – Eddie Jones, Australian rugby union player and coach
- 1961 – Liu Gang, Chinese physicist and computer scientist
- 1961 – Dexter Scott King, son of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King
- 1962 – King Abdullah II of Jordan
- 1963 – Tina Malone, English actress
- 1964 – Otis Smith, American basketball player
- 1965 – Julie McCullough, American model and actress
- 1967 – Jay Gordon, American musician
- 1967 – Sergey Tchepikov, Russian biathlete
- 1968 – King Felipe VI of Spain
- 1968 – Trevor Dunn, American musician
- 1969 – Alexey Dreev, Russian chess player
- 1971 – Darren Boyd, British actor
- 1972 – Jennifer Hale, Canadian-American actress and comedienne
- 1974 – Christian Bale, British actor
- 1974 – Olivia Colman, British actress
- 1974 – Jemima Khan, British socialite
- 1975 – Yumi Yoshimura, Japanese singer
- 1975 – Juninho Pernambucano, Brazilian footballer

### From 1976

- 1976 – Cristian Brocchi, Italian footballer
- 1978 – Romesh Ranganathan, English comedian
- 1979 – Davide Simoncelli, Italian cross-country skier
- 1979 – Trevor Gillies, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1980 – Wilmer Valderrama, American actor and producer
- 1981 – Dimitar Berbatov, Bulgarian footballer
- 1981 – Peter Crouch, English footballer
- 1981 – Mathias Lauda, Austrian racing driver
- 1982 – DeSagana Diop, Senegalese basketball player
- 1983 – Ben Maher, English equestrian
- 1984 – Kid Cudi, American Hip hop performer
- 1987 – Arda Turan, Turkish footballer
- 1987 – Phil Lester, English YouTuber, vlogger and radio personality
- 1987 – Rebecca Quin, Irish professional wrestler better known as Becky Lynch
- 1990 – Jake Thomas, American actor
- 1990 – Yoon Bo-ra, South Korean singer
- 1993 – Katy Marchant, English track cyclist
- 1995 – Misaki Iwasa, Japanese singer (AKB48)
- 1995 – Viktoria Komova, Russian gymnast
- 1995 – Danielle Campbell, American actress
- 1995 – Jack Laugher, English diver
- 2000 – Benee, New Zealand singer
- 2005 – Prince Hashem bin Al Abdullah II of Jordan

### Up to 1900

- 680 – Bathild, Frankish Queen (b. 626)
- 1030 – William V, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 969)
- 1181 – Emperor Takakura of Japan (b. 1161)
- 1314 – Nicholas III of Saint Omer
- 1384 – Louis II of Flanders (b. 1330)
- 1649 – King Charles I of England, Ireland and Scotland (b. 1600)
- 1730 – Tsar Peter II of Russia (b. 1715)
- 1836 – Betsy Ross, American seamstress (b. 1752)
- 1867 – Emperor Komei of Japan (b. 1831)
- 1869 – William Carleton, Irish novelist (b. 1794)
- 1889 – Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria (b. 1858)
- 1889 – Baroness Marie Vetsera, mistress of Austrian Crown Prince Rudolf (b. 1871)

### 1901 – 2000

- 1913 – James Henderson Berry, Governor of Arkansas (b. 1841)
- 1926 – Barbara La Marr, American actress (b. 1896)
- 1927 – Simeon Eben Baldwin, American politician, 65th Governor of Connecticut (b. 1840)
- 1928 – Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, Danish doctor, won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1867)
- 1929 – La Goulue, French dancer (b. 1866)
- 1934 – Frank Nelson Doubleday, American publisher (b. 1862)
- 1948 – Mahatma Gandhi, Indian spiritual leader and advocate of non-violence (assassinated) (b. 1869)
- 1948 – Orville Wright, American aviation pioneer (b. 1871)
- 1951 – Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automobile engineer (b. 1875)
- 1958 – Jean Crotti, Swiss artist (b. 1878)
- 1958 – Ernst Heinkel, German engineer (b. 1888)
- 1963 – Francis Poulenc, French composer (b. 1899)
- 1969 – Dominique Pire, Belgian monk (b. 1910)
- 1980 – Professor Longhair, American musician (b. 1918)
- 1982 – Stanley Holloway, British actor (b. 1890)
- 1982 – Lightnin' Hopkins, American musician (b. 1912)
- 1984 – Luke Kelly, Irish singer (The Dubliners) (b. 1940)
- 1986 – Ivan Papanin, Russian explorer (b. 1894)
- 1989 – Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cadiz, Spanish royal and claimant to the French throne (b. 1936)
- 1991 – John Bardeen, American physicist (b. 1908)
- 1995 – Gerald Durrell, British naturalist (b. 1925)
- 1999 – Huntz Hall, American actor (b. 1919)

### From 2001

- 2006 – Coretta Scott King, American civil rights activist (b. 1927)
- 2007 – Sidney Sheldon, American writer and screenwriter (b. 1917)
- 2008 – Jeremy Beadle, British television presenter (b. 1948)
- 2009 – Ingemar Johansson, Swedish boxer (b. 1932)
- 2009 – Sune Jonsson, Swedish writer, movie maker and photographer (b. 1930)
- 2009 – H. Guy Hunt, 49th Governor of Alabama (b. 1933)
- 2011 – John Barry, British movie score composer (b. 1933)
- 2013 – Patty Andrews, American singer (b. 1918)
- 2014 – Jack Stoddard, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926)
- 2014 – The Mighty Hannibal, American singer, songwriter and record producer (b. 1939)
- 2014 – Arthur Rankin, Jr., American animator, director, producer and writer (b. 1924)
- 2015 – Gerrit Voorting, Dutch road bicycle racer (b. 1923)
- 2015 – Zhelyu Zhelev, 2nd President of Bulgaria (b. 1935)
- 2015 – Geraldine McEwan, English actress (b. 1932)
- 2015 – Carl Djerassi, Austrian-American chemist, novelist and playwright (b. 1923)
- 2016 – Frank Finlay, British actor (b. 1926)
- 2016 – T. N. Gopakumar, Indian journalist (b. 1957)
- 2016 – Georgia Davis Powers, American civil rights activist and politician (b. 1923)
- 2016 – Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador (b. 1959)
- 2016 – Mohammad Salimi, Iranian general (b. 1937)
- 2017 – Marta Becket, American dancer, painter and choreographer (b. 1924)
- 2017 – David Burhani, Tanzanian footballer (b. 1990)
- 2017 – Carmen Contreras-Bozak, American World War II veteran (b. 1919)
- 2017 – Mario R. Ramil, Filipino-born American justice (b. 1946)
- 2018 – Rolf Schafstall, German footballer (b. 1937)
- 2018 – Mark Salling, American actor and singer (b. 1982)
- 2018 – Clyde Scott, American football player and hurdler (b. 1924)
- 2018 – Kevin Towers, American baseball executive (b. 1961)
- 2018 – Terry Van Ginderen, Belgian television and music producer (b. 1931)
- 2018 – Azeglio Vicini, Italian footballer (b. 1933)
- 2018 – Louis Zorich, American actor (b. 1924)
- 2019 – Stewart Adams, British chemist, inventor of ibuprofen (b. 1923)
- 2019 – Per Jorsett, Norwegian sports reporter (b. 1920)
- 2019 – Dick Miller, American actor (b. 1928)

## Observances

- Observances related to the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
    - Martyrs' Day (India)
    - School Day of non-violence and Peace (Spain)