juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
2010 US Open – Wheelchair Quad Singles

Peter Norfolk is the defending champion, but he lost in the final 6–0, 2–6, 6–3, against David Wagner.

### Round Robin

_Standings are determined by:_
1. <small>_Number of wins_</small>
1. <small>_Number of matches_</small>
1. <small>_Head-to-head records_</small>
1. <small>_Percentage of sets won, or of games won_</small>
1. <small>_Steering Committee decision._</small>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2010 US Open – Wheelchair Quad Doubles

Nick Taylor and David Wagner defended their 2009 title, after they won 7–5, 7–6(4), against Johan Andersson and Peter Norfolk in the final.

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2009 US Open – Men's Singles

Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated by Juan Martín del Potro in the final, 6–3, 6–7(5), 6–4, 6–7(4), 2–6.

## Seeds

1. Roger Federer _(Final, lost to Juan Martín del Potro)_
1. Andy Murray _(Fourth Round, lost to Marin Čilić)_
1. Rafael Nadal _(Semifinals, lost to Juan Martín del Potro)_
1. Novak Djokovic _(Semifinals, lost to Roger Federer)_
1. Andy Roddick _(Third Round, lost to John Isner)_
1. **Juan Martín del Potro (Champion)**
1. Jo-Wilfried Tsonga _(Fourth Round, lost to Fernando González)_
1. Nikolay Davydenko _(Fourth Round, retired - hip injury - against Robin Söderling)_
1. Gilles Simon _(Third Round, retired - knee injury - against Juan Carlos Ferrero)_
1. Fernando Verdasco _(Quarterfinals, lost to Novak Djokovic)_
1. Fernando González _(Quarterfinals, lost to Rafael Nadal)_
1. Robin Söderling _(Quarterfinals, lost to Roger Federer)_
1. Gaël Monfils _(Fourth Round, lost to Rafael Nadal)_
1. Tommy Robredo _(Fourth Round, lost to Roger Federer)_
1. Radek Štěpánek _(Fourth Round, lost to Novak Djokovic)_
1. Marin Čilić _(Quarterfinals, lost to Juan Martín del Potro)_

<ol start="17">
<li>  Tomáš Berdych _(Third Round, lost to Fernando González)_
<li>  David Ferrer _(Second Round, lost to José Acasuso)_
<li>  Stanislas Wawrinka _(First Round, lost to Nicolás Lapentti)_
<li>  Tommy Haas _(Third Round, lost to Fernando Verdasco)_
<li>  James Blake _(Third Round, lost to Tommy Robredo)_
<li>  Sam Querrey _(Third Round, lost to Robin Söderling)_
<li>  Philipp Kohlschreiber _(Third Round, lost to Radek Štěpánek)_
<li>  Juan Carlos Ferrero _(Fourth Round, lost to Juan Martín del Potro)_
<li>  Mardy Fish _(Withdrew due to rib injury) _
<li>  Paul-Henri Mathieu _(First Round, lost to Mikhail Youzhny)_
<li>  Ivo Karlović _(First Round, lost to Iván Navarro)_
<li>  Victor Hănescu _(First Round, lost to John Isner)_
<li>  Igor Andreev _(First Round, lost to Jesse Witten)_
<li>  Viktor Troicki _(Second Round, lost to Julien Benneteau)_
<li>  Lleyton Hewitt _(Third Round, lost to Roger Federer)_
<li>  Nicolás Almagro _(Third Round, lost to Rafael Nadal)_
</ol>
2009 US Open – Women's Singles

Kim Clijsters defeated  Caroline Wozniacki in the final 7–5, 6–3. Serena Williams, the defending champion, lost to Clijsters in the semifinals.

## Seeds

1. Dinara Safina _(Third Round)_
1. Serena Williams _(Semifinals)_
1. Venus Williams _(Fourth Round)_
1. Elena Dementieva _(Second Round)_
1. Jelena Janković _(Second Round)_
1. Svetlana Kuznetsova _(Fourth Round)_
1. Vera Zvonareva _(Fourth Round)_
1. Victoria Azarenka _(Third Round)_
1. Caroline Wozniacki _(Final)_
1. Flavia Pennetta _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Ana Ivanović _(First Round)_
1. Agnieszka Radwańska _(Second Round)_
1. Nadia Petrova _(Fourth Round)_
1. Marion Bartoli _(Second Round)_
1. Samantha Stosur _(Second Round)_
1. Virginie Razzano _(First Round)_
2009 US Open – Men's Doubles

Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals against Lukáš Dlouhý and Leander Paes.

Lukáš Dlouhý and Leander Paes won in the final 3–6, 6–3, 6–2 against Mahesh Bhupathi and Mark Knowles.

## Seeds

1. Bob Bryan /  Mike Bryan _(Semifinals)_
1. Daniel Nestor /  Nenad Zimonjić _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Mahesh Bhupathi /  Mark Knowles _(Final)_
1. _' Lukáš Dlouhý /  Leander Paes (Champions)_
1. Max Mirnyi /  Andy Ram _(Semifinals)_
1. Mariusz Fyrstenberg /  Marcin Matkowski _(First Round)_
1. Wesley Moodie /  Dick Norman _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Bruno Soares /  Kevin Ullyett _(Second Round)_

<ol start="9">
<li>  Łukasz Kubot /  Oliver Marach _(First Round)_
<li>  František Čermák /  Michal Mertiňák _(Second Round)_
<li>  Martin Damm /  Robert Lindstedt _(Third Round)_
<li>  Simon Aspelin /  Paul Hanley _(First Round)_
<li>  Travis Parrott /  Filip Polášek _(First Round)_
<li>  Ashley Fisher /  Jordan Kerr _(First Round)_
<li>  Stephen Huss /  Ross Hutchins _(First Round)_
<li>  Marcelo Melo /  André Sá _(Second Round)_
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2009 US Open – Women's Doubles

Cara Black and Liezel Huber were the defending champions, but Serena Williams and Venus Williams defeated them in the final 6–2, 6–2.

## Seeds

1. Cara Black /  Liezel Huber _(Final)_
1. Anabel Medina Garrigues /  Virginia Ruano Pascual _(Third Round)_
1. Samantha Stosur /  Rennae Stubbs _(Semifinals)_
1. **Serena Williams /  Venus Williams (Champions)**
1. Daniela Hantuchová /  Ai Sugiyama _(Third Round)_
1. Nuria Llagostera Vives /  María José Martínez Sánchez _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Su-Wei Hsieh /  Peng Shuai _(Second Round)_
1. Bethanie Mattek-Sands /  Nadia Petrova _(Quarterfinals)_

<ol start="9">
<li>  Anna-Lena Grönefeld /  Patty Schnyder _(Third Round)_
<li>  Maria Kirilenko /  Elena Vesnina _(Quarterfinals)_
<li>  Zi Yan /  Zheng Jie _(Quarterfinals)_
<li>  Vania King /  Monica Niculescu _(Third Round)_
<li>  Alisa Kleybanova /  Ekaterina Makarova _(Semifnals)_
<li>  Sania Mirza /  Francesca Schiavone _(Second Round)_
<li>  Raquel Kops-Jones /  Abigail Spears _(First Round)_
<li>  Victoria Azarenka /  Vera Zvonareva _(Second Round)_
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2009 US Open – Mixed Doubles

Carly Gullickson and Travis Parrott won in the final, 6–2, 6–4, against defending champions, Cara Black and Leander Paes.

## Seeds

1. Liezel Huber /  Mahesh Bhupathi _(Semifinals)_
1. Cara Black /  Leander Paes _(Final)_
1. Lisa Raymond /  Marcin Matkowski _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Anna-Lena Grönefeld /  Mark Knowles _(Second Round)_

<ol start="5">
<li> Su-Wei Hsieh /  Kevin Ullyett _(Semifinals)_
<li> Nadia Petrova /  Max Mirnyi _(First Round)_
<li> Rennae Stubbs /  Robert Lindstedt _(Quarterfinals)_
<li> Bethanie Mattek-Sands /  Nenad Zimonjić _(Quarterfinals)_
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2009 US Open – Boys' Singles

Bernard Tomic won in the final 6-1, 6-3 against Chase Buchanan.

## Seeds

1. Yuki Bhambri _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Daniel Berta _(First Round)_
1. **Bernard Tomic (Champion)**
1. Liang-Chi Huang _(First Round)_
1. Agustín Velotti _(First Round)_
1. Yong-Kyu Lim _(Second Round)_
1. Andrea Collarini _(Third Round)_
1. Gianni Mina_(Semifinals)_

<ol start="9">
<li>  Shuichi Sekiguchi _(First Round)_
<li>  Facundo Argüello _(First Round)_
<li>  Kevin Krawietz _(First Round)_
<li>  Julien Obry _(Second Round)_
<li>  Julen Urigüen _(First Round)_
<li>  David Souto _(First Round)_
<li>  Dominik Schulz _(Second Round)_
<li>  Denis Kudla_(Quarterfinals)_
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2009 US Open – Girls' Singles

Heather Watson won in the final 6–4, 6–1 against Yana Buchina.

## Seeds

1. Kristina Mladenovic _(First Round)_
1. Noppawan Lertcheewakarn _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Tímea Babos _(Second Round)_
1. Sloane Stephens _(Third Round)_
1. Ajla Tomljanović _(Second Round)_
1. Silvia Njirić _(Third Round)_
1. Lauren Embree _(Second Round)_
1. Christina McHale _(Withdrew)_

<ol start="9">
<li>  Daria Gavrilova _(Semifinals)_
<li>  Richel Hogenkamp _(Third Round)_
<li>  **Heather Watson (Champion)**
<li>  Tamaryn Hendler _(Third Round)_
<li>  Miyabi Inoue _(First Round)_
<li>  Jana Cepelova _(Quarterfinals)_
<li>  Ulrikke Eikeri _(Third Round)_
<li>  Beatrice Capra _(Quarterfinals)_
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2009 US Open – Boys' Doubles

Marton Fucsovics and Cheng Peng Hsieh won in the finals 7-6(5), 5-7, [10-1] against Julien Obry and Adrien Puget.

## Seeds

1. Yuki Bhambri /  Liang-Chi Huang _(First Round)_
1. Facundo Arguello /  Agustin Velotti _(Semifinals)_
1. Francis Alcantara /  Daniel Berta _(First Round)_
1. Suk-Young Jeong /  Yong-Kyu Lim _(First Round)_

<ol start="5">
<li> Andrea Collarini /  Nikala Scholtz _(First Round)_
<li> Pierre-Hugues Herbert /  Kevin Krawietz _(Quarterfinals)_
<li> Hiroyasu Ehara /  Shuichi Sekiguchi _(First Round)_
<li> Arthur De Greef /  Gianni Mina _(First Round)_
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2009 US Open – Girls' Doubles

Lertcheewakarn partnered with Elena Bogdan, but Valeria Solovieva and Maryna Zanevska defeated them in the final 1-6, 6-3 [10-7].

## Seeds

1. Kristina Mladenovic /  Silvia Njiric _(First Round)_
1. Tímea Babos /  Ajla Tomljanovic _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Elena Bogdan /  Noppawan Lertcheewakarn _(Final)_
1. Mallory Burdette /  Sloane Stephens _(Second Round)_

<ol start="5">
<li> Richel Hogenkamp /  Ksenia Kirillova _(First Round)_
<li> Yana Buchina /  Heather Watson _(First Round)_
<li> Daria Gavrilova /  Irina Khromacheva _(Semifinals)_
<li> Ulrikke Eikeri /  Mai Grage _(First Round)_
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2009 US Open – Wheelchair Men's Singles

Shingo Kunieda won in the final 6-0, 6-0 against Maikel Scheffers

## Seeds

1. **Shingo Kunieda** (Champion)
1. Stephane Houdet _(Quarterfinals)_

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2009 US Open – Wheelchair Women's Singles

Esther Vergeer won in the final 6-0, 6-0 against Korie Homan.

## Seeds

1. **Esther Vergeer** (Champion)
1. Korie Homan _(Final)_

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2009 US Open – Wheelchair Men's Doubles

Stephane Houdet and Stefan Olsson won in the final 6–4, 4–6, 6–4 against Maikel Scheffers and Ronald Vink.

## Seeds

1. **Stephane Houdet /  Stefan Olsson (Champions)**
1. Maikel Scheffers /  Ronald Vink _(Final)_

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2009 US Open – Wheelchair Women's Doubles

Korie Homan and Esther Vergeer won in the final 6–2, 6–2 against Daniela DiToro and Florence Gravellier.

## Seeds

1. **Korie Homan /  Esther Vergeer** (Champions)
1. Daniela DiToro /  Florence Gravellier _(Final)_

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2009 US Open – Wheelchair Quad Singles

Peter Norfolk won in the final 6–6, 3–6, 6–3, against David Wagner.

### Round Robin

<small>_Standings are determined by:_</small>
1. <small>_Number of wins_</small>
1. <small>_Number of matches_</small>
1. <small>_Head-to-head records_</small>
1. <small>_Percentage of sets won, or of games won_</small>
1. <small>_Steering Committee decision._</small>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2009 US Open – Wheelchair Quad Doubles

Nicholas Taylor and David Wagner won in the final 6-1, 6-7(5), 6-3 against Johan Andersson and Peter Norfolk.

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2010 ATP World Tour

{{multiple image
| align     =
| direction = vertical
| header    = 2010 Grand Slam Champions
| header_align = center
| header_background =
| footer    =
| footer_align = center
| footer_background =
| width     = 200

| image1    = Federer vs. Safin.jpg
| width1    = 200
| caption1  = Roger Federer won the Australian Open.
Rectus abdominis muscle

The **rectus abdominis muscle** is a muscle in the humanbody. It is commonly referred to as "Abs". It is a paired muscle that runs vertically from the lower chest to the pubic region people usually try to put stress to make it look as if they have huge abs and they help us run.
Commander

Commander is a naval rank. It may also be used as a general term for a leader.  Numerous law enforcement agencies in the United States have personnel who are in charge of running their entire operations.  Commander is a rank used in many navies and some air forces. It is rarely used as a rank in armies, except in special forces for a team leader.

## Naval rank

The title (originally "Master and Commander") originated in the 18th century Royal Navy for naval officers who commanded ships of war too large to be commanded by a Lieutenant but too small to warrant the assignment of a Post-captain.

In practice, these were usually unrated sloops-of-war of no more than 20 guns. The Royal Navy shortened "Master and Commander" to "Commander" in 1794; however, the term "Master and Commander" remained in common use for many years. A corresponding rank in some navies is frigate captain. In the 20th and 21st centuries, the rank has been assigned the NATO rank code of OF-4.

A Commander in the Royal Navy is above the rank of Lieutenant-Commander, below the rank of Captain. It is equivalent in rank to a Lieutenant Colonel in the British Army and Wing Commander in the Royal Air Force. A Commander may command a frigate, destroyer, submarine, aviation squadron or shore installation, or may serve on a staff.

## Related pages

- Commander-in-Chief
- Captain
- Lieutenant
Federalist Papers

The **Federalist Papers** were a series of essays about the United States Constitution. In total, there were 85 articles, 77 of them appeared in newspapers between October 1787 and August 1788. Many talked about how the Constitution would solve America's political problems.  Most of them were published in newspapers in New York and Virginia, states where it was not clear whether or not the Constitution would pass (it did).  Most were written by Alexander Hamilton or James Madison, though a few were written by John Jay.

One of the most famous of the Papers is Federalist No. 10.  It was written by Madison and says that the Constitution would keep the United States from being run by small groups called "factions". The collection of all papers was also published as a book.

The papers were published using a false name, _Publius_. This name was used in reference to Publius Valerius Publicola, a Roman Consul and one of the aristocrats who overthrew the Roman Kingdom in the 5th century BC.

The papers are often thought of as one of the most important works of American political thought.  Sometimes they are used by Supreme Court justices to try to say what the founders were thinking.

## Other websites

- _The Federalist Papers_, original 1788 printing
- National Archives on _The Federalist_
- _The Federalist Papers_ on the Bill of Rights
- Teaching _The Federalist Papers_
- _Booknotes_ interview with Robert Scigliano on Scigliano's Modern Library edition of _The Federalist Papers_, January 21, 2001.
- Collection of _The Federalist Papers_
- EDSITEment on _The Federalist_ and Anti-Federalist debates on diversity and the extended republic
Akita Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Akita. Akita prefecture is famous for rice and sake.

## History

The area of Akita was created from Dewa Province and Mutsu Province.

### Historic places

- Senshu Park is 5 minutes walk from Akita Station.
The site of castle of the Kubota Castle built by Satake, a daimyo from Hitachi. Landscape gardener, Abira Nagaoka, designed the park in 1896. The name "Akita" became established in Tenpyou era.

## Geography

Akita Prefecture faces the Sea of Japan.  It is bordered by Aomori Prefecture in the north, Iwate Prefecture in the east, Miyagi Prefecture in the southeast, and Yamagata Prefecture in the south.

Mt. Chokai is the second hightest mountain in the Tohoku Region. Shirakami-Sanchi is a large mountain range along the border between Akita and Aomori prefectures.

## Cities

There are 13 cities in Akita Prefecture:

### National Parks

National Parks cover about 11% of the total land area of the prefecture. including
- Towada-Hachimantai National Park

### Hot Springs

- Nyuto Hot Spring Village (There are seven hotels.)
    - Tsurunoyu
    - Taenoyu
    - Kuroyu
    - Ganiba
    - Magoroku
    - Oogama
    - National Park Resort Village Nyuto Hot Spring

## Shrines and Temples

_Ōmonoimi jinja_ and _Tsutsukowake jinja_ are the chief Shinto shrines (_ichinomiya_) in the prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- http://www.pref.akita.jp/e/

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Akita Prefecture
- **settlement type**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Flag of Akita Prefecture.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Akita Prefecture.svg
- **image map**: Akita in Japan.svg
- **mapsize**: 265px
- **map caption**: **Akita Prefecture** in Japan
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Akita (city), Akita
- **parts type**: Subdivisions
- **p1**: Districts of Japan, Districts: 6
- **p2**: Municipalities in Japan, Municipalities: 25
- **leader title**: List of prefectural governors in Japan, Governor
- **leader name**: Norihisa Satake
- **area total km2**: 11,638
- **population total**: 959,502
- **population as of**: October 1, 2020
- **population density km2**: 82.45
- **utc offset1**: +09:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code
- **area code**: 05000-8
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:JP, ISO 3166 code
- **blank info sec2**: JP-05
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Standard state

The **standard state** is a common way for measuring properties of chemicals. Standard state normally is room temperature (25°C) and normal atmospheric pressure (14.7 psi). Normally when no temperature or pressure is given, standard state is implied. If an article says "bromine is a liquid" it means bromine is a liquid in the standard state.
Tellurium trioxide

**Tellurium trioxide**, also known as **tellurium(VI) oxide** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is TeO<sub>3</sub>. It contains tellurium and oxide ions. It contains tellurium in its +6 oxidation state.

## Properties

Tellurium trioxide can come in two forms. There is a yellow-red form and a gray form. The yellow red form is more reactive. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It reacts with strong bases to make tellurates. It releases oxygen to turn into tellurium dioxide when heated.

## Preparation

It is made by taking the water from telluric acid. The gray form can be made from this by reacting the yellow-red form with sulfuric acid and air.

## Related pages

- Tellurous acid
Sons of Liberty

The **Sons of Liberty** was a secretive organization in Boston before and during the American Revolution. At that time, Great Britain controlled large parts of North America, including the thirteen original American colonies. The Sons of Liberty opposed British rule and led resistance efforts against them.

Its leaders included Samuel Adams, James Otis, and Paul Revere.  Other well-known members included Benedict Arnold and Patrick Henry. The group helped to organize the Boston Tea Party, and were involved in the Boston Massacre.

The organization disbanded at the end of the American Revolution.

## Beginnings

The Sons of Liberty formed in the summer of 1765 to fight the Stamp Act, which put a tax on paper to pay for British troops stationed in the Thirteen Colonies during the Seven Years War. They argued that this was "taxation without representation" because the British had imposed the tax without talking to any of the colonial legislatures.

## Importance

The Sons of Liberty played a key role in preventing the Stamp Act from being enforced. They were a major force of pre-Revolution resistance against the British King and the colonial government. Often, their resistance focused on unfair taxation and financial limitations which the British government had imposed.

They used petitions, demonstrations, boycotts, propaganda, and sometimes violence against British officials. Additionally, according to the official Boston Tea Party museum:> [They used] mob rule, tactics of fear, force, intimidation, violence such as tarring and feathering, and the [collection] of arms, shot, and gun powder [to] effectively [weaken] British rule, paving the way to America’s independence.
> The [most important] act and lasting legacy of the Sons of Liberty to the history of the American Revolution was the December 16, 1773 [organization] of the Boston Tea Party which ultimately led to the outbreak of the Revolutionary War... [It] was a catalyst for the start of war and a principal reason why the Revolutionary War began in Massachusetts.
Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell

***Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell*** was a book of poetry published together by the three Brontë sisters, Charlotte, Emily and Anne in 1846. It is their first printed work.
Minimum efficient scale

The **minimum efficient scale** (MES) is the smallest output that an industrial plant (or firm) can produce such that its long run average costs are minimised. The size of MES relative to market demand curve has a strong influence on market structure. It can also be defined as the minimum point in U-shaped long run average cost curve.
Alex Riley

**Alex Riley** (born 29 March 1968 in Sheffield, Yorkshire) is an English DJ, television personality and comedian. His DJ career began when he became a DJ on BBC Radio 7. Some of the shows he hosted are _The Comedy Club_, _Sony Gold Award_ and _Station Sound_.  He began his TV career performing with the city's Crucible Youth Theatre during which time he originated, and appeared in, dozens of sketches and devised pieces, as well as appearing in a number of plays and farces at the Library Theatre.

Riley then had a succession of jobs including managing an alternative shopping centre, selling aerial photographs and answering an on-air appeal for researchers on BBC TV's Top Gear programme. He is best known for _Britain's Really Disgusting Food_  first aired in 2008, with a second series in 2009 and an alternative but same universe series _Britain's Really Disgusting Drink_. He also acted in _Chelsea Flower Show_, _Britain in Bloom_, _Bigamy_, _Short Circuits_, _Discovery Home and Leisure_, _Boys Toys_, the Caravan Show, _You Know You Want To_ and _Classic Car Club_ among other TV shows. He also has a career as a stand-up comedian.

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: Alex Riley
- **birth name**: Alexander John Riley
- **birth place**: Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom, UK
- **nationality**: British
- **active**: 1988–present
- **medium**: Stand-up comedy, Stand up, television
- **television**: **'The Caravan Show**'
- **children**: 2 daughters
Tellurite

**Tellurite** is an ion. Its chemical formula is TeO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>. They are some of the more stable tellurium compounds. They are weak oxidizing agents. In slightly acidic conditions, it makes **hydrogen tellurite**, HTeO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. When it is very acidic, it makes tellurous acid. They are normally made by reacting tellurium dioxide with a metal oxide.

**Tellurite** is also a rare mineral. This mineral consists of tellurium dioxide. It is a yellow to white mineral. It is in areas that tend to oxidize minerals (oxidation zone). Otherwise telluride or native tellurium would be there.

## Related pages

- Sodium tellurite
- Tellurate
Chiba

**Chiba** means more than one thing.

- Chiba Prefecture is part of the Kanto area of Japan next to Tokyo.
- Chiba, Chiba the capital city of Chiba Prefecture

Chiba is also a common family name in Japan.
Narita, Chiba

**Narita** (成田市; -shi) is a city in Japan. It is the site of Narita International Airport.

- Naritasan-Shinshoji temple - Shingonshu's buddhist temple
Nordjyllands Trafikselskab

**Nordjyllands Trafikselskab** (English: North Jutland's Transport Company) is a Danish company who makes the routes of regional buses in Northern Jutland.
Tama-Plaza Station

**Tama-Plaza Station** (たまプラーザ駅,たまぷらーざえき) is a railway station of Tokyu Corporation in Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

## Adjacent stations

- Tokyu Corporation
- Tōkyū Den-en-toshi Line
    - Express, Semi-Express, Local
        - Saginuma - **Tama-Plaza** - Azamino

## Other websites

- Tokyu Corp station information
Lorrie Morgan

**Loretta Lynn "Lorrie" Morgan** (born June 27, 1959) is an American singer. Her first single was put out in 1978. But it was not until 1989 that she began going up in the United States country charts. Morgan was born in Nashville, Tennessee. Her albums include _Something in Red_ and _Watch Me_.

Morgan has made over forty chart entries on the United States _Billboard_ Hot Country Songs charts. Those include three #1 singles: "What Part of No", "I Didn't Know My Own Strength" and "Five Minutes." She has eleven other top ten hits.

At age 13, Morgan made her first performance on the Grand Ole Opry. In that performance, she sang the song "Paper Roses."

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: LorrieMorganConcert.jpg
- **caption**: Morgan in concert in Choctaw, Neshoba County, Mississippi, Choctaw, Mississippi on December 6, 2008
- **landscape**: Yes
- **name**: Lorrie Morgan
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Loretta Lynn Morgan
- **origin**: Nashville, Tennessee, US
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1972–present
- **label**: ABC Records, ABC, MCA Records, MCA, RCA Records, RCA, BNA Records, BNA, Image, Stroudavarious Records, Stroudavarious
- **associated acts**: George Morgan (singer), George Morgan, Keith Whitley, Jon Randall, Sammy Kershaw, Mindy McCready, George Jones, Pam Tillis
- **website**: http://www.lorrie.com/
Sheena Easton

**Sheena Easton**  (born **Sheena Shirley Orr**; 27 April 1959), is a Scottish singer. She was very popular during the 1980s and the 1990s. She has won several Grammy Awards. She had many charting singles and albums including "Morning Train," "For Your Eyes Only" and "Sugar Walls."  Easton was born in Bellshill, Scotland.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sheena Easton
- **honorific suffix**: Order of the British Empire, OBE
- **image**: EastonLive2009.jpg
- **caption**: Easton performing live in November 2009
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Sheena Shirley Orr
- **birth place**: Bellshill, Lanarkshire, Scotland
- **occupation**: Actress, singer, songwriter
- **years active**: 1980–present
Cerebral palsy

**Cerebral palsy (CP)** is the name given to a number of motor problems (trouble moving the body).  CP is usually caused by damage done to the brain during early childhood. It is called "cerebral palsy" because the part of the brain that is damaged is the cerebrum. CP cannot be cured. It is treated with therapies.

CP was first identified by an English surgeon called William Little in 1860.

There are several types of cerebral palsy. The most common type is spastic cerebral palsy.

Today, 1 in every 400 children in the UK has cerebral palsy.

## Symptoms

People with CP often have trouble standing or walking.  They may also be partly paralysed.

While the main problem of cerebral palsy is problems with moving, difficulties with having thoughts, learning, feeling, talking and behaviour often come with cerebral palsy.

Of children with cerebral palsy, 3 out of 4 children have pain, 1 out of 2 have intellectual disability, 1 out of 3 children cannot walk, 1 in 3 have a hip displacement, 1 in 4 cannot talk, 1 out of 4 children have epilepsy, 1 in 4 have behaviour disorders, 1 out of 4 children have trouble controlling their bladder, 1 in 5 have trouble with sleep (sleeping too much or not enough), 1 out of 5 children dribble, 1 out of 10 are blind, 1 out of 15 need to be fed through a tube, and 1 in 25 are deaf.

Most people with cerebral palsy live for as long as people without CP.  5-10% of children with CP die before growing up.

## Treatment

Over time, the way to take care of cerebral palsy has changed from fixing a person's physical problems such as spasticity in one leg or arm.  Now, the way to take care of cerebral palsy is about making therapies for the body part of a larger purpose of making the person's quality of life better, helping them have choice and make their own decisions about looking after themselves, and helping them be part of society. Much of children's therapy is about helping them walk better. Roughly 60% of people with CP are able to walk by themselves or with mobility aids when they become grown up.

Mobility aids may help people with CP move around more easily.
Nathanael Greene

**Nathanael Greene** (August 7, 1742 - June 19, 1786) was a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolution.  He was from Rhode Island and was a Quaker.

Before the war, he was a blacksmith and a delegate to the Rhode Island General Assembly.

During the war, he commanded a fort in Boston and a part of Washington's army during the New York, New Jersey and Philadelphia campaigns.

Late in the war, Greene commanded an army in the South. After the war, he moved to Georgia, where he died of sunstroke.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Nathanael Greene
- **image**: greene portrait.jpg
- **signature**: Nathaniel Greene Signature.svg
- **birth place**: Potowomut, Rhode Island, Potowomut, Warwick, Rhode Island, Warwick, Rhode Island
- **death place**: Mulberry Grove Plantation, Chatham County, Georgia, Chatham County, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **spouse**: Catherine Littlefield Greene
- **nickname**: "The Savior of the South"
"The Fighting Quaker"
- **serviceyears**: 1775–1783
- **rank**: Major General
- **allegiance**: United States
- **placeofburial**: Johnson Square
Savannah, Georgia
- **battles**: **American Revolutionary War**
Siege of Boston
Battle of Harlem Heights
Battle of Fort Washington
Battle of Trenton
Battle of Brandywine
Battle of Germantown
Battle of Monmouth
Battle of Rhode Island
Battle of Springfield (1780)
Battle of Guilford Court House
Battle of Hobkirk's Hill
Siege of Ninety-Six
Battle of Eutaw Springs
Belgian United Nations Command

**Belgian United Nations Contingent** (BUNC) was the name for the Belgian and Luxembourger soldiers who volunteered to fight in the Korean War (1950–1953).

## Infobox (military unit)

- **unit name**: Belgian United Nations Command (BUNC)
- **image**: Luxembourg soldier Korea 1953.jpeg
- **image size**: 200
- **caption**: Luxembourgish soldier, part of B.U.N.C. in Korea, 1953
- **dates**: 1950–1955
- **country**:

- **branch**: Army
- **type**: Infantry Battalion
- **size**: Total:
*3,171 Belgians
*78 Luxembourgers
- **command structure**: 29th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), 29th Commonwealth Brigade
1st Cavalry Division (United States), 1st US Cavalry Division
3rd Infantry Division (United States), 3rd US Infantry Division
- **battles**: *Korean War
**Battle of the Imjin River
**Battle of Haktang-ni
** Battle of Chatkol
- **decorations**: 2 Presidential Unit Citation (Korea), ROK Presidential Unit Citations
Presidential Unit Citation (US), US Presidential Unit Citation
Order of Leopold (Belgium), Belgian Order of Leopold
- **battle honours**: Imjin, Haktang-ni and Chatkol
- **disbanded**: 1955
- **notable commanders**: Albert Crahay
 Lt. Col. G. Vivario
Lt. Col. R. Gathy
Sleigh Ride

**"Sleigh Ride"** is an extremely popular song which is played in the holiday season of each year. The song was composed by Leroy Anderson. Sleigh Ride never mentions any holiday, except in certain versions. It has been performed by many musicians, including though not limited to The Carpenters, Johnny Mathis, Amy Grant, Air Supply, Unavailable, The Ronettes and Ray Conniff Singers throughout the years.
Religious belief

A **religious belief** is a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny. Religious beliefs often are about the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe and involve devotion, ritual practices and rules which must be followed.
Polychlorinated biphenyl

**Polychlorinated biphenyls** (often shortened to **PCBs**) are organic chemical compounds that contain chlorine atoms. They were used in industrial chemistry, and to make certain transformers, capacitors, and cooling fluids. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants declared them to be among the worst chemical pollutants. Their use has been banned worldwide, since 2001. The mode of action of these substances is similar to that of dioxin.

Polychlorinated biphenyls were widely used, and they can be found in the atmosphere, the soil, and the bodies of water anywhere on the earth. In the short term, these substances are not very toxic, but they accumulate in the body. They are teratogens, and may cause cancer.
Mountain pass

In a group of hills or mountains, a **pass** is a path for crossing a mountain. It is usually a saddle point between two higher areas. Many of the world's mountain ranges have always made travel difficult so passes have been important throughout history in trade, war and migration.

A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. They are often found just above the source of a river, making a sort of "bridge" over to the headwaters of another river. Passes may be very short, with steep slopes to the top of the pass, or valleys of many kilometers.

Roads and railways have been built through passes. Some high and rugged passes may have tunnels dug underneath to let traffic move faster.

The top of a pass is often the only flat ground in the area so it is often a good site for buildings. For countries whose borders lie on a mountain range, the pass is often part of the border. As well as making travel easy between valleys, passes also provide a route between two mountain tops so it is common for tracks to meet at a pass; this often makes them good routes even when travelling between a summit and the valley floor.

Some of the best known passes are Great St Bernard Pass at  in the Alps, the Khyber Pass at  between Afghanistan and Pakistan, and the Khardong La Pass at  in Jammu and Kashmir, India.

## Related pages

- Ranges, Peaks and passes of the Alps
Albrecht Böttcher

**Albrecht Böttcher** (born 29 December 1954 in Oberwiesenthal, Saxony, Germany) is a German mathematician. His field of research is functional analysis.

Between 1971 and 1973, Böttcher was in an elite class for mathematics at the Chemnitz University of Technology. In 1973, he won a silver medal at the International Math Olympiad in Moscow. He studied mathematics from 1975 to 1979 in Chemnitz. In 1980, he went to Rostov on Don to study and earned a PhD there in 1984. The topic of his dissertation was _The finite section method for the Wiener-Hopf integral operator_. After this he worked as scientist assistance at the university of Chemnitz. Since 1992, he is professor for _harmonic analysis and Operator theory_ at the Chemnitz University of Technology.

As of 2012, he is the author of nine books and about 180 papers.

## Other websites

- Böttcher's Homepage
ATI Technologies

**ATI Technologies Inc.** was a Canadian company known for making graphics processing units and motherboard chipsets. It was founded in 1985 as Array Technology Inc. In 2006, ATI was bought by AMD.

## Other websites

- ATI official site
Aromatherapy

**Aromatherapy** is a type of alternative medicine that uses the part of plants known as essential oils. Some people think that aromatherapy helps to change a person's mind, mood or health but this has not been proven scientifically.

Some essential oils like tea tree do have an anti-microbial effect, so they may be useful for the treatment of infections. Evidence that aromatherapy works in treating disease and other conditions is poor.

## Ways of using aromatherapy

The ways of using aromatherapy oils include:

- _Putting on the skin_
- _In the bath_
- _In a diffuser_

## Further reading

- Burke, L., & Chambers, P. (1995). _The very essence: A guide to aromatherapy_. Silver Link.
- Lis-Balchin, Maria (2006). _Aromatherapy science: A guide for healthcare professionals_. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
- Schnaubelt, Kurt (1998). _Advanced aromatherapy: The science of essential oil therapy_. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press.
- Schnaubelt, Kurt (1999). _Medical aromatherapy: Healing with essential oils_. Berkeley, CA: Frog.
- Valnet, Jean; & Tisserand, Robert (1990). _The practice of aromatherapy: A classic compendium of plant medicines & their healing properties_. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press.
- Wanjek, Christopher (2003). _Bad medicine: Misconceptions and misuses revealed, from distance healing to vitamin O_. New York: J. Wiley.
- Valnet, Jean; & Tisserand, Robert (1982). _The practice of aromatherapy_. Saffron Walden: Daniel.

## Other websites

- The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy
- International Federation of Aromatherapy
- What Does the Research Say About Essential Oils?
- Antiviral and Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oils
- The Aromatherapy Global Online Research Archives

- Journals
- Top Dermatologist in the United States
- International Journal of Clinical Aromatherapy
- Criticism
- Aromatherapy - does it work? Smell Research by Tim Jacob
- Aromatherapy: Making Dollars out of Scents
Sodium tellurite

**Sodium tellurite** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Na<sub>2</sub>TeO<sub>3</sub>. It contains sodium and tellurite ions.

## Properties

Sodium tellurite is a colorless solid. The tellurite ion can react with water to make sodium hydrogen tellurite, NaHTeO<sub>3</sub>. It dissolves in water easily. It is a weak oxidizing agent (can be reduced to tellurium) and a weak reducing agent (can be oxidized to tellurates). It is part of the process in making tellurium.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting tellurium dioxide with sodium hydroxide, or by heating a telluride in air with sodium carbonate.

## Uses

Sodium tellurite is used in making tellurium. It is also used to make electroplated nickel corrosion-resistant. It can also be used to add a bluish coating to steel. It can be used to isolate certain types of bacteria that it is not toxic to.

## Related pages

- Sodium selenite
- Sodium tellurate
Telluride

**Telluride** is an ion. Chemical compounds containing this ion are called **tellurides**. Examples are sodium telluride and hydrogen telluride. The chemical formula is Te<sup>2-</sup>. Tellurides are strong reducing agents. Some tellurides are impure, making them weaker reducing agents. Tellurides are the main source of tellurium in the ground. It only exists at very high pH. At lower pH's, hydrogen telluride, HTe<sup>-</sup>, is made. When it is acidic (very low pH), hydrogen telluride gas is made.

## Related pages

- Tellurite
- Tellurate
Tellurate

**Tellurate** is an ion. Its chemical formula is TeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> or TeO<sub>6</sub><sup>6-</sup>. Chemical compounds having the tellurate ion in them are called **tellurates**. Tellurates are strong oxidizing agents. They are similar to selenates. Tellurates react with acids to make telluric acid.

An example is sodium tellurate (Na<sub>2</sub>TeO<sub>4</sub>). It is made by reacting telluric acid with sodium hydroxide. It can also be made by oxidizing sodium tellurite. It is similar to sodium selenate.

## Related pages

- Tellurite
- Telluride
- Tellurium
Hydrogen telluride

**Hydrogen telluride**, also known as **hydrotelluric acid**, **tellane**, or **tellurium hydride**, is a chemical compound. It is also an acid. Its chemical formula is H<sub>2</sub>Te. It contains hydrogen and telluride ions.

## Properties

Hydrogen telluride is a toxic reactive gas. It easily decomposes to hydrogen and tellurium. It also burns in air to make tellurium dioxide and water. It has a very bad smell of decayed garlic. It is almost as acidic as phosphoric acid. It reacts with some metals and metal oxides to make tellurides.

## Preparation

It is made by adding a strong acid to a telluride, such as sodium telluride.

## Uses

Hydrogen telluride does not have many uses because it is very toxic and unstable.

## Related pages

- Aluminium telluride
- Sodium tellurite
Sodium telluride

**Sodium telluride** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Na<sub>2</sub>Te. It contains sodium and telluride ions.

## Properties

It is a white solid when pure. It reacts with air to make a mixture of tellurium and tellurides, which would make gray or purple colors. It eventually turns into sodium carbonate and tellurium when in air. It is a powerful reducing agent. It reacts with strong acids to make hydrogen telluride. It reacts with water to make sodium hydrogen telluride, NaHTe.

## Preparation

Sodium telluride is made by reacting tellurium and sodium in liquid ammonia.

## Uses

Sodium telluride is used to make organic tellurium compounds. It also can act as a reducing agent.

## Related pages

- Sodium tellurite
- Tellurous acid
Tellurium(II) bromide

**Tellurium(II) bromide**, also known as **tellurium dibromide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is TeBr<sub>2</sub>. It contains tellurium and bromide ions. The tellurium is in the +2 oxidation state.

## Properties

Tellurium(II) bromide is a green brown crystalline solid. It absorbs water from the air.

## Preparation

It is made when tellurium(IV) bromide is heated in air. It can also be made by careful reduction of tellurium(IV) bromide.

## Related pages

- Tellurium(IV) chloride
- Tellurium(II) chloride
- Tellurium(IV) oxide
Tellurium(IV) bromide

**Tellurium(IV) bromide**, also known as **tellurium tetrabromide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is TeBr<sub>4</sub>. It contains tellurium and bromide ions. The tellurium is in the +4 oxidation state.

## Properties

Tellurium(IV) bromide is a yellow-orange solid. It conducts electricity when molten. It decomposes to bromine and tellurium(II) bromide when heated strongly.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting tellurium with bromine.

## Uses

Tellurium(IV) bromide can be used to make complexes with organic molecules.

## Related pages

- Tellurium(IV) chloride
- Tellurium(IV) fluoride
- Tellurium(IV) oxide
Cadmium telluride

**Cadmium telluride** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdTe. It contains cadmium and telluride ions.

## Properties

Cadmium telluride is a black solid. It reacts with acids to make toxic cadmium compounds and toxic hydrogen telluride gas. It does not dissolve in water.

## Uses

Cadmium telluride is used to make electricity in solar cells. It can be mixed with mercury to make mercury cadmium telluride, good in infrared detectors.

## Related pages

- Sodium telluride
- Sodium tellurite
Lead telluride

**Lead telluride**, also known as **lead(II) telluride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is PbTe. It contains lead and telluride ions. The lead is in the +2 oxidation state.

## Properties

Lead telluride is a gray crystalline solid. It reacts with strong acids to make toxic hydrogen telluride and toxic lead salts.

## Preparation

It may be made by melting lead and tellurium together.

## Uses

It is used as a semiconductor and an infrared detector.

## Related pages

- Sodium telluride
Tellurium bromide

**Tellurium bromide** can refer to either of these chemical compounds:

- Tellurium(II) bromide, TeBr<sub>2</sub>
- Tellurium(IV) bromide, TeBr<sub>4</sub>
Sphalerite

**Sphalerite** is a mineral. Its is a mixed zinc and iron sulfide. The chemical formula is (Zn,Fe)S. It can be brown, yellow, red, green, and black. It is normally found with galena, a lead ore. It is also known as zinc blende. It has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4. It is the main ore of zinc. It has a non-metalic sheen.
Vale Park

**Vale Park** is a football stadium in Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, England. It is the home ground of Port Vale F.C., who have played at the ground since 1950.
Model rocket

A **model rocket** is a miniature rocket. They are not launched by the government or a space program. They are used by people interested in rockets. They are normally made of light (not heavy) materials. Even though it seems dangerous, it is quite safe and is a way many people start getting interested in rockets and space exploration. Rocket motors come in many different sizes, and they are shown below.

## Other websites

- FAA launch regulations for the United States
Guide

**Guides** are people who lead people. This includes people of the real world (such as a person who helps travelers and tourists through a place). In figurative language it may mean person who leads someone to some goal such as to knowledge or wisdom.
Włocławek

**Włocławek** is a town in northern Poland in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship with a population of 117,785 (June 2009).  It has a large Jewish community.  In 1939, when the Nazis invaded, the Jewish people of this town were the first to have to wear yellow Stars of David.

## Twin Areas

This town is twinned with the following places:
- Bamberg, Germany;
- Bedford, United Kingdom

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Włocławek
- **image flag**: POL Włocławek flag.svg
- **flag size**: 150px
- **image shield**: POL Włocławek COA.svg
- **shield size**: 90px
- **pushpin map**: Poland
- **pushpin label position**: middle
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Voivodeships of Poland, Voivodeship
- **subdivision name1**: Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Kuyavian-Pomeranian
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Poland, Powiat
- **subdivision name2**: _city county_
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Andrzej Pałucki
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: tenth century
- **established title3**: Town rights
- **established date3**: 1255
- **area total km2**: 84.32
- **population as of**: 2009
- **population total**: 117785
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population metro**: 243 000
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 87-800 to 87-810, 87-812, 87-814, 87-816 to 87-818, 87-822
- **area code**: +48 54
- **blank name**: Polish car number plates, Car plates
- **blank info**: CW
- **website**: http://www.wloclawek.pl
Matsue

**Matsue** (松江) is a city in Japan on the Japan Sea coast. It is the capital of Shimane Prefecture. It is known for its historic castle and as the home of Lafcadio Hearn.

## Infobox (city japan)

- **name**: Matsue
- **japanesename**: 松江
- **official name**: 松江市 · Matsue
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **mapimage**: Matsue in Shimane Prefecture Ja.svg
- **region**: Chūgoku region, Chūgoku
- **prefecture**: Shimane Prefecture, Shimane
- **area km2**: 530.21
- **popdate**: April 30, 2011
- **population**: 191,852
- **density km2**: 361.84
- **tree**: Pinus, Cherry blossom
- **flower**: Camellia, Phony
- **symbolimage**: Flag of Matsue, Shimane.svgborder
- **symboldescription**: Flag
- **mayor**: Masataka Matsuura (since June 2000)
- **cityhallpostalcode**: 690-8540
- **cityhalladdress**: 86 Suetsugu, Matsue-shi, Shimane-ken
Ōnin War

The **** was a civil war in Japan. It lasted 10 years, starting in 1467 and ending in 1477.

Hosokawa Katsumoto and Yamana Sōzen had a conflict that grew into a war throughout the country. The Ashikaga shogunate and some daimyo in many regions of Japan fought in this war.

The conflict was the beginning of a very long struggle to dominate all of Japan.

## Related pages

- Muromachi period
- Ashigaru
Jonny Wilkinson

**Jonathan Peter Wilkinson** OBE (born 25 May 1979) is an English rugby union player who now plays in France for Toulon.

He was born at Frimley Park Hospital in Frimley, Surrey, He was grew up in Farnham

He played for England when the team won the 2003 Rugby World Cup. He was awarded the MBE in 2003 and then the OBE in 2004.