juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
False color

**False color** (or **false colour**) refers to a group of color methods used to display recorded images in color. A **false-color image** is an image which shows an object in colors different from that which a true-colour photograph would show.

In addition, there is _false color_ used for visualization of genuine data.

A photograph shot in color will show the colors in the picture as they appeared on the film, or to the sensor of a digital camera. Since most films and most digital cameras are made to show the world as human color vision would see it, this is known as true-color image. In a **false color** image, the color shown in the image does not correspond to the one the human eye would see. In such an image, color is used for extra information that the eye would not see. Many false color images, for example, show infrared light that humans cannot see.
Arthur Barnard

**Arthur "Art" Barnard** (March 10, 1929 – May 1, 2018) was an American sprinter. He was born in Seattle, Washington. He competed mainly in the 110 m hurdles event, winning a bronze medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Barnard died in Stanford, California on May 1, 2018 at the age of 89.

## Other websites

- Arthur Barnard's obituary
Will Alsop

**William Allen Alsop**, OBE RA (12 December 1947 – 12 May 2018) was a British architect and Professor of Architecture at University for the Creative Arts's Canterbury School of Architecture. In 2000, Alsop won the Stirling Prize, the most prestigious architecture award in the United Kingdom, for the Peckham Library in the south-east of London.

Alsop has been made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), and was elected to the Royal Academy on 18 May 2000.

In 2013, Alsop became Professor of Architecture at the University for the Creative Arts's Canterbury School of Architecture.

Alsop died on 12 May 2018 at the age of 70.

## Other websites

- Official website of Will Alsop
- Will Alsop at the British Council website
- Will Alsop at the "From Here to Modernity" website on Open2.net, the online learning portal from the Open University and the BBC
- Will Alsop at the Royal Academy of Arts website
- Radio interview of William Alsop on 4 April 2005 at the A Palaver website (available as stream)
- Interview with Will Alsop (video)

## Infobox (architect)

- **name**: Will Alsop
- **image**: Will Alsop.jpg
- **caption**: Will Alsop in his Battersea office aLL Design
- **birth name**: William Allen Alsop
- **birth place**: Northampton, Northamptonshire, England, UK
- **practice**: aLL design
- **significant projects**: Yonkers Power Plant project; Clarke Quay Redevelopment project
- **awards**: Stirling Prize (2000); Royal Institute of British Architects, RIBA Worldwide Award (2004); Civic Trust Awards, Civic Trust Award (2003, 2006); RIBA Regional Award (London) (2006)
Richard Lester

**Richard Lester** (born **Richard Lester Liebman**; January 19, 1932) is an American movie director. Lester is known for his work with the Beatles in the 1960s and his work on the _Superman_ movie series in the 1980s.

## Other websites

- Richard Lester: A hard day's life
- The Beatles in West Somerset in 1964
- NYT biog
- BFI film database

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Richard Lester
- **image**: Richard Lester Bologna 2014 (cropped).jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **caption**: Lester in Bologna in 2014
- **birth name**: Richard Lester Liebman
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **occupation**: Film director
- **years active**: 1960–1991
Glenn Branca

**Glenn Branca** (October 6, 1948 – May 13, 2018) was an American avant-garde composer and guitarist. He was known for his use of volume, alternative guitar tunings, repetition, droning, and the harmonic series. Branca received a 2009 Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists Award.

Early members of his group included Thurston Moore and Lee Ranaldo of Sonic Youth, Page Hamilton of Helmet, Phil Kline of The Del-Byzanteens, and several members of Swans including Michael Gira, Dan Braun, and Algis Kizys.

On May 13, 2018, Branca died from throat cancer at the age of 69.

## Other websites

- EST Interview  by and (c) Brian Duguid.
- Theoretical Girls by Paris Transatlantic magazine
- Glenn Branca interview
- Glenn Branca: "Acoustic Phenomena" (3:59) published on the Tellus Audio Cassette Magazine @ Ubuweb

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Glenn Branca
- **image**: Glenn Branca.jpg
- **image size**: 255
- **caption**: Glenn Branca performing at Hallwalls in the 1980s
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **genre**: 20th-century classical music, Modern classical, Avant-garde music, avant-garde, no wave, Experimental music, experimental, Noise music, noise, Minimal music, minimalism, totalism
- **occupation**: Composer, musician, luthier
- **instrument**: Guitar, prepared guitar
- **years active**: 1967–2018
- **label**: 99 Records, 99, Neutral Records, Neutral
- **associated acts**: Theoretical Girls, The Static
Lay ministry

**Lay ministry** are members of faiths and Christian denominations who are not full-time paid clergy, or not ordained clergy, but who perform the same or similar function.
Epitácio Cafeteira

**Epitácio Cafeteira Afonso Pereira** (June 27, 1924 – May 13, 2018) was a Brazilian politician. He was federal deputy (1975–1987), governor of Maranhão (1987–1990) and senator (1991–1999, 2007–2015). Cafeteira was born in João Pessoa, Paraíba.

Cafeteira died on May 13, 2018 of pneumonia in Maranhão at the age of 93.
Steve Hogan

**Stephen D. Hogan** (1948 – May 13, 2018) was an American politician. He served as the Mayor of Aurora, Colorado from November 2011 until his death in May 2018. Hogan was a member of the Republican Party. He sat on the Colorado House of Representatives between 1975 and 1976. He was born in Lincoln, Nebraska.

His mayoralty received international attention when twelve people were killed during the 2012 Aurora shooting.

Hogan died of cancer on May 13, 2018 in Aurora at the age of 69.
Franz Marc

**Franz Moritz Wilhelm Marc** (8 February 1880 – 4 March 1916) was a German painter and printmaker, one of the key figures of the German Expressionist movement. He was a founding member of _Der Blaue Reiter_ (The Blue Rider), a journal whose name later became synonymous with the circle of artists collaborating in it.

## Related pages

- List of German painters

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: **Franz Marc**
- **image**: FranzMarccropped.jpg
- **caption**: Franz Marc in 1910
- **birth place**: Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, Bavaria, German Empire
- **death date**: , while battling in World War 1
- **death place**: Braquis, France
- **nationality**: Germany, German
- **field**: Painting
- **training**: Academy of Fine Arts, Munich
- **movement**: Expressionism
- **works**: paintings: _Fate of the Animals_, _The Tower of Blue Horses_, _The Yellow Cow_, _Blue Horses_, journal: _Der Blaue Reiter_
Margot Kidder

**Margaret Ruth Kidder** (October 17, 1948 – May 13, 2018) professionally known as **Margot Kidder**, was a Canadian-American actress and activist. She was known for her role as Lois Lane in the 1978 movie _Superman_ and the eventual other movies within the movie series, alongside Christopher Reeve.

Kidder also starred in Brian De Palma's cult thriller _Sisters_ (1973); in the slasher movie _Black Christmas_ (1974); and the dramas _The Great Waldo Pepper_ (1975); _The Reincarnation of Peter Proud_ (1975). She starred as Kathy Lutz in _The Amityville Horror_ (1979).

Kidder was born in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. She studied at Havergal College in Toronto. From 1975 to 1978, she was married to Thomas McGuane. From 1979 to 1980, Kidder was married to John Heard, for a total of six days. From 1983 to 1984, Kidder was married to Philippe de Broca. She had one child.

Kidder suffered from paranoia and bipolar disorder which caused her to suffer from mental breakdowns and temporarily retire a few times. In April 1996, Kidder went missing for four days in Los Angeles and was found at a backyard of a house after she was nearly raped.

Kidder was in a car crash in December 1990, after which she was unable to work for two years, causing her financial problems.

In 1978, Kidder won a Saturn Award for Best Actress for her Lois Lane role. In 2015 Kidder won an Emmy award for Outstanding Performer in Children's Programming for her performance in _R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour_.

In 2005, Kidder became a naturalized U.S. citizen. In later years, Kidder became an outspoken political, environmental, and anti-war activist. She endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in 2016.

Kidder died on May 13, 2018, at her home in Livingston, Montana at the age of 69. On August 8, 2018, it was reported that Kidder's death had been ruled a suicide by drug and alcohol overdose.

## Other websites

- Article: From paranoid delusions to orthomolecular medicine
- Canadian Film Encyclopedia
- _The Best Damn Fiddler from Calabogie to Kaladar_
María Elena Meneses Rocha

**María Elena Meneses Rocha** (1 December 1961 – 14 May 2018) was a Mexican journalist and professor and researcher into media, communications and the Internet with the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Mexico City. She was born in Monterrey, Mexico. She lived in Mexico City. She worked for Univision during her early journalist career.

Meneses Rocha died in Mexico City on 14 May 2018 of complications from surgery at the age of 56.
E. C. George Sudarshan

**Ennackal Chandy George Sudarshan** (also known as **E. C. G. Sudarshan**; 16 September 1931 – 14 May 2018) was an Indian theoretical physicist. He was a professor at the University of Texas at Austin.

Sudarshan was known for his works to the field of theoretical Physics including Optical coherence, Sudarshan-Glauber representation, V-A theory, Tachyons, Quantum Zeno effect, Open quantum system, Spin-statistics theorem, non-invariance groups, positive maps of density matrices, quantum computation among others.

His works include also relations between east and west, philosophy and religion.

In 2005, the Nobel Committee controversially did not award Sudarshan the Nobel Prize in Physics yet awarded his work about Glauber–Sudarshan P representation to Roy J. Glauber only.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: George Sudarshan
- **image**: ECG_Sudarshan.jpg
- **image size**: 245px
- **caption**: E. C. G. Sudarshan at TIFR Mumbai in 2009
- **birth place**: Pallam, Kerala, India
- **death place**: Austin, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **alma mater**: CMS College Kottayam
Madras Christian College
University of Madras
University of Rochester
- **doctoral advisor**: Robert Marshak
- **doctoral students**: Mohammad Aslam Khan Khalil
Narasimhaiengar Mukunda
- **known for**: Coherence (physics), Optical coherence
Sudarshan-Glauber representation
V-A theory
Tachyon
Quantum Zeno effect
Open quantum system
Spin-statistics theorem
- **field**: Theoretical physics
- **work institution**: University of Texas at Austin
Indian Institute of Science
Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai
Harvard University
University of Rochester
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
- **prizes**: Dirac Medal of the ICTP, ICTP Dirac Medal <small>(2010)</small>
Padma Vibhushan <small>(2007)</small>
Majorana Prize <small>(2006)</small>
TWAS Prize <small>(1985)</small>
Bose Medal <small>(1977)</small>
Padma Bhushan <small>(1976)</small>
C. V. Raman Award <small>(1970)</small>
Roy J. Glauber

**Roy Jay Glauber** (September 1, 1925 – December 26, 2018) was an American theoretical physicist. He was the Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics at Harvard University and Adjunct Professor of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona.

Glauber was awarded one half of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence", with the other half shared by John L. Hall and Theodor W. Hänsch.

He was elected a foreign member of the Academia Europaea in 2012.

Glauber died on December 26, 2018 at a hospital in Newton, Massachusetts at the age of 93.

## Other websites

- 2013 Video Interview with Roy Glauber by Cynthia C. Kelly Voices of the Manhattan Project
- Audio Interview with Roy Glauber by Owen Gingerich Voices of the Manhattan Project
- Glauber States: Coherent states of Quantum Harmonic Oscillator
- Roy J. Glauber at the Harvard Physics Department Faculty website
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005
- Dannie Heineman Prize 1996
- "Physics Professor Awarded Nobel", _Harvard Crimson_, October 5, 2005
- "Double Honours", _Guardian_, October 11, 2005
- NYC High Schools

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Roy Glauber
- **birth name**: Roy Jay Glauber
- **image**: Roy Glauber.jpg
- **caption**: Glauber in July 2012
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Newton, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **field**: Theoretical Physics
- **alma mater**: Harvard University <small>(B.A., Ph.D.)</small>
- **doctoral advisor**: Julian Schwinger
- **thesis title**: The relativistic theory of meson fields
- **thesis year**: 1949
- **thesis url**: https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/76985581
- **known for**: Inventing Quantum Optics
- **children**: 2
Quim Torra

**Joaquim Torra i Pla** (born 28 December 1962) is a Catalan nationalist politician, lawyer and editor. Torra was a member of the Parliament of Catalonia from 2018 to 2020 and is the 131st President of Catalonia since May 2018.

Torra was elected to the Parliament of Catalonia at the 2017 regional election as an independent candidate for the pro-independence Junts per Catalunya electoral alliance. In May 2018 he was elected 131<sup>st</sup> President of Catalonia after the Spanish courts blocked three other candidates.

In March 2020, Torra tested positive for COVID-19 during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic.

In September 2020, he was removed from office.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Quim Torra
- **image**: Quim Torra a la Assemblea General d'Òmnium Cultural (2015).jpg
- **image size**: 200
- **caption**: Torra in December 2015
- **order1**: List of Presidents of the Generalitat de Catalunya, 131st
- **office1**: President of Catalonia
- **term start1**: 17 May 2018
- **term end1**: 28 September 2020
- **monarch1**: Felipe VI of Spain, Felipe VI
- **predecessor1**: Carles Puigdemont
- **successor1**: Carles Puigdemont (acting)
- **constituency mp2**: the Barcelona (Parliament of Catalonia constituency), Province of Barcelona
- **parliament2**: Catalan
- **term start2**: 17 January 2018
- **term end2**: 27 January 2020
- **birth name**: Joaquim Torra i Pla
- **birth place**: Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **otherparty**: Junts per Catalunya
- **residence**: Barcelona
- **alma mater**: Autonomous University of Barcelona
- **occupation**: Lawyer and editor
Waleed Al-Husseini

**Waleed Al-Husseini** (born June 25, 1989 in Qalqilya) is a Palestinian essayist, writer and blogger. In October 2010, the Palestinian Authority arrested him for allegedly blaspheming against Islam on Facebook and in blog posts; his arrest garnered international attention. He later escaped to France, where he successfully applied for asylum. In 2013, he founded the Council of Ex-Muslims of France, and in 2015 he wrote his first book, _blasphemer : the price i paid for regecting islam_.

## Bibliography

- _Blasphémateur ! : les prisons d'Allah_, 2015, Grasset ()
    - English translation:
- _Une trahison française : Les collaborationnistes de l'islam radical devoilés_ ("A French Treason: The Collaborators of Radical Islam Unveiled"), 2017, Éditions Ring
Amelita Ramos

**Amelita "Ming" Jara Martinez-Ramos** (born December 29, 1926) is the wife of Fidel V. Ramos–the twelfth President of the Philippines–and was the eleventh First Lady of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Her Excellency
- **name**: Amelita Ramos
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **order**: First Lady or Gentleman of the Philippines, 11th First Lady of the Philippines
- **term start**: June 30, 1992
- **term end**: June 30, 1998
- **president**: Fidel V. Ramos
- **predecessor**: _Vacant_ (Ballsy Aquino-Cruz, _de facto_)
- **successor**: Loi Ejercito, Loi Estrada
- **birth name**: Amelia Jara Martinez
- **birth place**: Manila, Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, Philippine Islands
- **spouse**: Fidel V. Ramos
- **children**: Angelita Ramos-Jones
Josephine Ramos-Samartino <small>(d. 2011)</small>
Carolina Ramos-Sembrano
Cristina Ramos-Jalasco
Gloria Ramos
Jose Miguel Arroyo

**José Miguel "Mike" Tuason Arroyo** (born June 27, 1945) is a former First Gentleman of the Philippines. He is the husband of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, the current Representative of the Second District of Pampanga. He is the only male Spouse of a President of the Philippines and Vice President of the Philippines.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: José Miguel T. Arroyo
- **image**: Jose Miguel Arroyo departing St. Luke's Medical Center (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Arroyo in 2010, departing from St. Luke's Medical Center
- **birth name**: José Miguel Arroyo-Pidal y Tuason
- **birth place**: Negros Occidental, Philippine Commonwealth
- **occupation**: Lawyer, First Gentleman, Second Gentleman
- **order**: First Lady or Gentleman of the Philippines, 13th First Spouse of the Philippines
- **term start**: January 20, 2001
- **term end**: June 30, 2010
- **president**: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
- **predecessor**: Loi Ejercito
- **successor**: Kris Aquino (de facto)
- **order1**: Second Spouse of the Philippines
- **term start1**: June 30, 1998
- **term end1**: January 20, 2001
- **president1**: Joseph Estrada
- **predecessor1**: Loi Estrada
- **successor1**: Ruthie Guingona
- **alma mater**: Ateneo de Manila University
- **spouse**: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (1968–present)
- **children**: Mikey Arroyo  Luli Arroyo-Bernas  Diosdado Macapagal Arroyo, Dato Arroyo
- **relations**: Ignacio Lacson Arroyo (father), Lourdes Zaragoza Tuason (mother) Ignacio Arroyo, Jr. (brother)
Loi Ejercito

**Luisa Pimentel-Ejército ** (also **Loi Ejercito Estrada** or simply **Loi Estrada**; born **Luisa Fernandez Pimentel** on 2 June 1931), is the wife of  Philippine President Joseph Ejercito Estrada. She was the twelfth First Spouse of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001.

## Other websites

- Senate of the Philippines – Loi Ejercito Estrada
- Senate of the Philippines – Loi Ejercito Estrada biography

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Her Excellency
- **name**: Luisa "Loi" P. Ejercito Estrada
- **image**: Senate-Centennial-Dinner-20161006-010 (cropped).jpg
- **office3**: Mayor of Manila, First Lady of Manila
- **1namedata3**: Joseph Estrada
- **term start3**: June 30, 2013
- **term end3**: June 30, 2019
- **predecessor3**: Gemma Alivio, Gemma Lim
- **successor3**: Diana Lynn Ditan Moreno, Diana Lynn Ditan
- **order**: First Lady or Gentleman of the Philippines, 12th First Lady of the Philippines
- **term start**: June 30, 1998
- **term end**: January 20, 2001
- **president**: Joseph Estrada
- **predecessor**: Amelita Ramos
- **successor**: Jose Miguel Arroyo, José Miguel T. Arroyo
- **order1**: List of Second Spouses of the Philippines, Second Lady of the Philippines
- **term start1**: June 30, 1992
- **term end1**: June 30, 1998
- **president1**: Fidel V. Ramos
- **predecessor1**: Celia Díaz-Laurel
- **successor1**: Jose Miguel Arroyo, José Miguel T. Arroyo
- **office2**: Senate of the Philippines, Senator of the Philippines
- **term start2**: June 30, 2001
- **term end2**: June 30, 2007
- **birth place**: Iba, Zambales, Iba, Zambales, Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, Philippine Islands
- **spouse**: Joseph Estrada
- **children**: Jinggoy Estrada, Jinggoy
 Jackie
- **party**: Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (2001-present)
United Nationalist Alliance (2012-present)
- **caption**: Pimentel-Ejercito in October 2016
President of the Philippines

The **President of the Philippines** (, informally known as _Presidente ng Pilipinas_) is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines.

The President leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The President is directly elected by the people, and is one of only two nationally elected executive officials, the other being the Vice President of the Philippines.

However, four vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having been elected to the office, such as by the death or resignation of an incumbent president.

Filipinos refer to their President as _Pangulo_ or _Presidente_. The President serves a single, fixed, six-year term without possibility of re-election. On June 30, 2022, Bongbong Marcos was sworn in as the 17th and current president.

## Eligibility

Article 7, Section 2 of the Constitution reads that in order to be eligible for President the person must:
- Be a natural-born citizen of the Philippines
- A registered voter
- Able to read and write
- At least forty years of age on the day of the election
- A resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately before the election

## Living former presidents

As of , there are three living former Presidents:

The most recent president to die was Fidel V. Ramos (served 1992–1998), on July 31, 2022, at the age of 94.

## Other websites

- Office of the President of the Philippines
- The Presidential Museum and Library
- 1987 Constitution of the Philippines
- 'We Say Mabuhay' – The Anthem of the President of the Philippines
- 'March of the President of the Philippines' (unofficial title) – song played when the President is given military honors by the Armed Forces of the Philippines

## Infobox (official post)

- **border**: Presidential
- **font color**: blue
- **post**: President of the Philippines
_Pangulo ng Pilipinas_
- **flag**: Flag of the President of the Philippines.svg
- **flagsize**: 125px
- **flagcaption**: Flag of the President of the Philippines, Presidential Standard
- **insignia**: Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg
- **insigniasize**: 125px
- **insigniacaption**: Seal of the President of the Philippines, Presidential Seal
- **termlength**: Six years;
- **termlength qualified**: Not renewable
- **member of**: Cabinet of the Philippines, Cabinet
National Security Council (Philippines), National Security Council
- **appointer**: Direct popular vote
- **residence**: Malacañang Palace, Malacañan Palace
- **seat**: Manila, Philippines
- **image**: Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr (cropped).jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **incumbent**: Bongbong Marcos
- **incumbentsince**: June 30, 2022
- **inaugural**: Emilio Aguinaldo
<small>(official)</small><sup>a</sup>
Manuel L. Quezon
<small>(de jure)</small><sup>b</sup>
- **constituting instrument**: 1987 Constitution of the Philippines
- **formation**: January 23, 1899
<small>(official)</small><sup>a</sup>
November 15, 1935
<small>(de jure)</small><sup>b</sup>
- **deputy**: Vice President of the Philippines
- **salary**: Philippine peso, ₱399,739 per month / ₱4,796,868  per year
Vice President of the Philippines

The **Vice President of the Philippines** is the second-highest executive official of the government of the Philippines, after the President.

The Vice President currently holds office at the Quezon City Reception House in Quezon City. The current office of the Vice President was re-established under the 1987 Constitution.

Sara Duterte from Davao City assumed the office on June 30, 2022 as the 15th and current vice president.

The official title of the office in Filipino is _Pangalawang Pangulo,_ although _Bise Presidente,_ derived from Spanish, is the usual title used in some of the major Philippine languages, such as Cebuano and Hiligaynon language.

## Eligibility

Article 7, Section 3 of the Constitution mandates that the Vice President must bear the same qualifications as the President which means he must be:
- a natural-born citizen of the Philippines;
- a registered voter;
- able to read and write;
- at least forty years of age on the day of election;
- and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding such election."

## Succession

There has been four cases where the Vice President has assumed the Presidency, three of which because of the President's death, and one because of the President's resignation:
- Sergio Osmeña in 1944, upon the death of Manuel L. Quezon.
- Elpidio Quirino in 1948, upon the death of Manuel Roxas.
- Carlos P. Garcia in 1957, upon the death of Ramon Magsaysay.
- Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in 2001, upon the resignation of Joseph Ejercito Estrada, as decided by the Supreme Court.

## Other websites

- Office of the Vice President of the Philippines

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Vice President
- **body**: the Philippines
_Pangalawang Pangulo ng Pilipinas_
- **flag**: Flag of the Vice President of the Republic of the Philippines.svg
- **flagsize**: 125px
- **flagborder**: yes
- **flagcaption**: Flag of the Vice President of the Philippines, Vice Presidential standard
- **insignia**: Seal of the Vice President of the Republic of the Philippines.svg
- **insigniasize**: 125px
- **insigniacaption**: Seal of the Vice President of the Philippines, Vice Presidential seal
- **termlength**: Six years
- **constituting instrument**: 1987 Constitution of the Philippines
- **style**: Madam Vice President <small>(Informal)</small>
Excellency, Her Excellency <small>(Formal)</small>
- **member of**: Cabinet of the Philippines, Cabinet
National Security Council (Philippines), National Security Council
- **residence**: Quezon City Reception House
- **seat**: Quezon City, Philippines
- **image**: VPSDPortrait (cropped) (3).jpg
- **incumbent**: Sara Duterte
- **incumbentsince**: June 30, 2022
- **formation**: November 15, 1935
- **inaugural**: Sergio Osmeña
- **succession**: First in the Philippine presidential line of succession, Presidential Line of Succession
- **salary**: Philippine peso, ₱353,482 per month/ ₱4,241,640 per year
Neri Oxman

**Neri Oxman** (; born February 6, 1976) is an American–Israeli architect, designer, and professor at the MIT Media Lab. She is known for art and architecture that combines design, biology, computing, and materials engineering.

## Other websites

- Official site

## Related pages

- Bill Ackman

## Infobox (military person)

- **embed**: yes
- **branch**:  Israeli Air Force
- **rank**:  First lieutenant


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Neri Oxman
- **birth name**: נרי אוקסמן
- **native name lang**: he
- **image**: Neri Oxman by Noah Kalina.jpg
- **caption**: Oxman in 2017
- **birth place**: Haifa, Israel
- **nationality**: Israeli, American
- **alma mater**: The Hebrew Reali School in Haifa, Israel
 Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (BA)
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Architectural Association School of Architecture, Architectural Association (MA)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (PhD)
- **occupation**: Associate professor of media arts and science
- **notable works**: _Silk Pavilion_ (2013)
 _Wanderers_ (2015)
 _Material Ecology_ (2020)
- **awards**: Vilcek Prize, 2014
 Earth Award for Future Crucial Design, Earth Award, 2009
- **spouse**: Osvaldo Golijov (divorced)
Bill Ackman (2019–present)
- **children**: 1
Cecilia Suárez

**María Cecilia Suárez de Garay** (; born November 22, 1971) is a Mexican actress. She was born in Tampico, Mexico. She studied at Illinois State University. She is a Ariel Award and Emmy International nominated actress. She is known for her roles in _Sexo, pudor y lágrimas_, _The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada_, _Travesía_, _The Air I Breathe_, _Dreaming of Julia_, _Wash and Wear_ and _Overboard_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Cecilia Suárez
- **image**: Cecilia Suarez ene 2019 4.png
- **alt**: Image of actress Cecilia Suárez in a garden.
- **caption**: Suárez in 2019
- **birth name**: María Cecilia Suárez de Garay
- **birth place**: Tampico, Tamaulipas, México
- **alma mater**: Illinois State University
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **children**: 1
- **relatives**: Mafer Suárez (sister)
Elsa Raven

**Elsa Raven** (born **Elsa Rabinowitz**; September 21, 1929 – November 3, 2020) was an American actress. She was born in Charleston, South Carolina. She was best known for her two years (1988–1990) on the sitcom _Amen_ and playing the mother of Vincent Terranova on the TV series _Wiseguy_.

She played Ida Straus in the 1997 movie _Titanic_ and had a voice role in the 1981, animated movie _American Pop_.

Raven retired in 2011.

Raven died at her home in Los Angeles on November 3, 2020 at the age of 91.
Isidor Straus

**Isidor Straus** (February 6, 1845 – April 15, 1912) was a German-born American businessman, politician, and co-owner of Macy's department store. A resident of Georgia, USA He was preparing to go to West Point Military Academy when the outbreak of the US Civil War 1861-1865 prevented him from doing so; he was elected a officer In a Georgia Military unit but was not allowed to serve because of his youth He also served for just over a year as a member of the United States House of Representatives.

Straus died with his wife, Ida, in the sinking of the passenger ship RMS _Titanic_. Isidor Straus's body was recovered by the cable ship _Mackay-Bennett_ and taken to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where it was identified before being shipped to New York.

## Other websites

- Encyclopedia Titanica Biography of Isidor Strauss
- Straus article at JewishEncyclopedia.com
- Straus Historical Society

## Infobox (congressman)

- **name**: Isidor Straus
- **image**: Isidor Straus 1903.jpg
- **state**: New York (state), New York
- **district**: New York's 15th congressional district, 15th
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat
- **term start**: January 30, 1894
- **term end**: March 3, 1895
- **preceded**: Ashbel P. Fitch
- **succeeded**: Philip B. Low
- **birth place**: Otterberg, Palatinate (region), Palatinate, then ruled by the Kingdom of Bavaria
- **death place**: RMS Titanic, RMS _Titanic_, Atlantic Ocean
- **occupation**: Co-owner of Macy's, Macy's department store
- **children**: Jesse Isidor Straus
Clarence Elias Straus
Percy Selden Straus
Sara (Straus) Hess
Minnie (Straus) Weil
Herbert Nathan Straus
Vivian (Straus) Dixon
Clint Capela

**Clint N'Dumba-Capela** (born May 18, 1994) is a Swiss professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He has also played for the Houston Rockets. He was born in Geneva, Switzerland.

Capela was only 15 years old when he played at the European Junior Championships. He was drafted by the Rockets in the 2014 NBA draft.
Benjamin Guggenheim

**Benjamin **"**Ben**"** Guggenheim** (October 26, 1865 – April 15, 1912) was an American businessman. He died aboard the _RMS Titanic_ when the ship sank in the North Atlantic Ocean. His body was never recovered.

## Other websites

- Encyclopedia Titanica Biography of Benjamin Guggenheim
- Benjamin Guggenheim on Titanic-Titanic.com

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Benjamin Guggenheim
- **image**: Benjamin-guggenheim.jpg
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
- **death place**: Atlantic Ocean, aboard the _RMS Titanic_
- **death cause**: Sinking of the RMS Titanic
- **nationality**: American
- **citizenship**: American and German
- **alma mater**: Peirce College, Peirce School of Business
- **occupation**: Businessman
- **children**: Benita Rosalind Guggenheim
Peggy Guggenheim
Barbara Hazel Guggenheim
- **parents**: Meyer Guggenheim
Barbara Myers
Ida Straus

**Rosalie Ida Straus** (née **Blun**; February 6, 1849 – April 15, 1912) was a German-American homemaker and wife of the co-owner of the Macy's department store. She and her husband Isidor died on board the RMS _Titanic_.

Rosalie was born in 1849 in Worms, Germany to Nathan Blun and his wife Wilhelmine "Mindel" Freudenberg.

In 1871, Rosalie married Isidor Straus (1845–1912), a German-American businessman. She and Isidor had seven children.

Isidor and Ida were last seen together on deck holding hands before a wave swept them both into the sea. Isidor’s body was recovered by the Mackay-Bennett and he was buried in New York’s Woodlawn Cemetery. Ida’s body was never recovered.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ida Straus
- **image**: Ida and Isidor Straus.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **caption**: Isidor Straus, Isidor and Ida Straus
- **birth name**: Rosalie Ida Blun
- **birth place**: Worms, Germany, Worms, Germany
- **death place**: , Atlantic Ocean
- **spouse**: Isidor Straus (1871–1912)
- **children**: Jesse Isidor Straus
Clarence Elias Straus
Percy Seldon Straus
Sara (Straus) Hess
Minnie (Straus) Weil
Hebert Nathan Straus
Vivian (Straus) Dixon
- **relatives**: King Princess (great-great-grandchild)
Luigi Gatti

**Gaspare Antonio Pietro "Luigi" Gatti** (3 January 1875 – 15 April 1912) was an Italian businessman and restauranteur. He was best known as the manager of the _À la Carte_ restaurant on the RMS _Titanic_, catering to passengers for whom first-class service was not exclusive enough.

Gatti went down with the ship, dying on 15 April 1912. His body was recovered by the CS _Minia_ between 26 April and 6 May 1912, and buried in Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Luigi Gatti
- **image**: Luigi Gatti (died 1912).jpg
- **birth name**: Gaspare Antonio Pietro Gatti
- **birth date**: 3 January 1875
- **birth place**: Montalto Pavese, Italy
- **death date**: 15 April 1912 (aged 37)
- **death place**: RMS _Titanic_ wreck site;  south-southeast off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada
- **nationality**: Italian
- **occupation**: Restaurant entrepreneur
- **spouse**: Edith Kate Cheese
- **children**: 1
- **restingplace**: Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Edward Austin Kent

**Edward Austin Kent** (February 19, 1854 – April 15, 1912) was an American architect who worked in Buffalo, New York.  Kent died on April 15, 1912 when the RMS Titanic sank and was seen helping women and children into the lifeboats. His body was recovered from the ocean and buried in New York.

## Infobox (architect)

- **name**: Edward Austin Kent
- **birth place**: Bangor, Maine, Bangor, Maine
- **alma mater**: Yale University
École des Beaux-Arts
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **death place**: RMS Titanic, RMS _Titanic_, Atlantic Ocean
- **parents**: Henry Mellen Kent
Harriet Ann Farnham
Sidney Leslie Goodwin

**Sidney Leslie Goodwin** (9 September 1910 – 15 April 1912) was a 19-month-old English boy who died during the sinking of the RMS _Titanic_.

His unidentified body was recovered by the _Mackay-Bennett_ after the sinking, and for many years, he was called **The Unknown Child**. In 2008, mitochondrial DNA testing by the Armed Forces lab revealed his identity. Baby Goodwin is the only member of his family whose body has been recovered and identified.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sidney Leslie Goodwin
- **image**: Sidney Goodwin.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Sidney Goodwin, circa 1911
- **birth name**: Sidney Leslie Goodwin
- **birth place**: Melksham, Wiltshire, England
- **death date**: ()
- **death place**: Atlantic Ocean
- **known for**: The Unknown Child (disambiguation), The Unknown Child
- **parents**: Frederick Goodwin and Augusta Tyler
- **relations**: Lillian, Charles, William, Jessie, and Harold Goodwin (siblings)
Frank M. Warren Sr.

**Frank Manley Warren Sr.** (May 10, 1848 – April 15, 1912) was an American businessman. He made his fortune in the salmon canning industry. The community of Warrendale, Oregon, the site of one of his canneries, was named for him. He died in the sinking of the _Titanic_.

He was born in Ellsworth, Maine, but raised in Portland, Oregon.
Thomas Byles

**Thomas Roussel Davids Byles** (26 February 1870 – 15 April 1912) was an English Catholic priest. He was born in Leeds, Yorkshire.

Byles was a passenger aboard the _RMS Titanic_ on its maiden voyage when it sank after striking an iceberg during the night of 15 April 1912. He was reported as being one of the trapped passengers on the ship's rear deck in its final moments. He refused to leave the ship knowing people were unable to leave on lifeboats.

As the ship was sinking, he assisted many third-class passengers up to the boat deck to the lifeboats. He reputedly twice refused a place on a lifeboat. Toward the end he recited the Rosary and other prayers, heard confessions and gave Absolution to more than a hundred passengers who remained trapped on the stern of the ship after all of the lifeboats had been launched.

Pope Pius X later described Byles as a "martyr for the Church".

In 2015, the procedure to make Byles a saint began.

## Other websites

- Website dedicated to Father Thomas Byles
- Encyclopedia Titanica
- Titanic Memorial
- Titanic: A Voyage of Discovery
Cyst

A **cyst** is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared with the nearby tissue.

It is a cluster of cells that has grouped together to form a sac however an aspect of a cyst is that the cells forming the "shell" of such a sac are distinctly abnormal when compared with all surrounding cells for that given location.

It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. A collection of pus is called an abscess, not a cyst. Once formed, sometimes a cyst may resolve on its own. When a cyst fails to resolve, it may need to be removed surgically, but that would depend upon its type and location.
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center

The **Walter Reed National Military Medical Center** (WRNMMC), formerly known as the **National Naval Medical Center** and also known as **Bethesda Naval Hospital**, **Walter Reed**, or **Navy Med**, is a tri-service military medical center, located in the community of Bethesda, Maryland, near the headquarters of the National Institutes of Health, in the United States.

It is one of the most well-known U.S. Armed Forces medical centers in the United States, it is in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area and has served numerous U.S. presidents since the 20th century.

Ronald Reagan, on July 13, 1985, underwent surgery to remove polyps from his colon. In May 2018, First Lady Melania Trump successfully underwent cyst-removal surgery of the kidney at the hospital.

In October 2020, President Donald Trump was hospitalized with COVID-19 at Walter Reed.
President of Israel

The **President of the State of Israel** (, _Nasi Medinat Yisra'el_, or , _Nasi HaMedina_, literally _President of the State_) is the head of state of Israel.

The position is filled with executive power effectively being exercised by the Prime Minister. The current president is Isaac Herzog, who took office on 7 July 2021. Presidents are elected by the Knesset for a seven-year term and are limited to a single term.

## Background

Any Israeli resident citizen is eligible to run for President.

The first presidential election took place on 16 February 1949, and the winner was Chaim Weizmann.

Albert Einstein, a Jew but not an Israeli citizen, was offered the presidency in 1952 but turned it down, stating "I am deeply moved by the offer from our State of Israel, and at once saddened and ashamed that I cannot accept it. All my life I have dealt with objective matters, hence I lack both the natural aptitude and the experience to deal properly with people and to exercise official functions". Ehud Olmert was reported to be considering offering the presidency to another non-Israeli, Elie Wiesel, but he was said to be "very not interested".

## Living former presidents

As of 2021, there are two living former presidents:

The most recent serving and former president to die was Shimon Peres in September 2016.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: President
- **body**: the State of Israel
- **insignia**: Flag of the President of Israel.svgborder
- **insigniasize**: 120px
- **insigniacaption**: Presidential Standard
- **native name**: נשיא מדינת ישראל
- **image**: Isaac Herzog, July 2021 (D1233-049).JPG
- **incumbent**: Isaac Herzog
- **incumbentsince**: 7 July 2021
- **style**: His Excellency (formal, diplomatic)
- **residence**: Beit HaNassi
- **appointer**: Knesset
- **termlength**: Seven years, single term
- **formation**: 16 February 1949
- **inaugural**: Chaim Weizmann
- **website**: [http://www.president.gov.il/English/Pages/english.aspx Israel presidential website]
Prokopis Pavlopoulos

**Prokopios Pavlopoulos**, <small>GColIH</small> (, , born 10 July 1950), commonly shortened to **Prokopis** (Προκόπης), was the President of Greece, in office from 2015 to 2020.

Pavlopoulos was a lawyer, university professor and politician, he was Minister for the Interior from 2004 to 2009.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Prokopis Pavlopoulos
- **honorific suffix**: Order of Prince Henry, GColIH
- **image**: Vladimir Putin and Prokopis Pavlopoulos (2016-01-15) 02 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 7th President of Greece
- **primeminister**: Alexis Tsipras
Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou, Vassiliki Thanou
Kyriakos Mitsotakis
- **term start**: 13 March 2015
- **term end**: 13 March 2020
- **predecessor**: Karolos Papoulias
- **successor**: Katerina Sakellaropoulou
- **office1**: Ministry of Interior and Administrative Reconstruction, Minister of the Interior
- **primeminister1**: Kostas Karamanlis
- **term start1**: 10 March 2004
- **term end1**: 11 September 2009
- **predecessor1**: Nikos Alivizatos
- **successor1**: Giannis Ragousis
- **birth place**: Kalamata, Greece
- **party**: New Democracy (Greece), New Democracy
- **spouse**: Vlassia Peltsemi
- **children**: 2 daughters
1 son
- **residence**: Presidential Mansion, Athens, Presidential Mansion
- **alma mater**: University of Athens
Panthéon-Assas University
Shukhov Lab

**Shukhov Lab** (Named after the Russian engineer: "Vladimir Shukhov") is a international research and educational unit of the Vysokovsky Graduate School of Urbanism in Moscow open in 2017.  the purpose of the lab was established in order to investigate the future of the cities in Russia and the rest of the world.

## Other websites

- Shukhov Lab
Patrick Morrisey

**Patrick James Morrisey** (born December 21, 1967) is an American lawyer and politician who has been the 37th Governor of West Virginia since 2025. He was the Attorney General of West Virginia from 2013 until 2025. He is a member of the Republican Party.

He was born in New York City. Morrisey studied at Rutgers University. He defeated five-term Democratic incumbent Darrell McGraw in the 2012 election.

In July 2017, Morrisey announced his candidacy for U.S. Senate. He lost the general election in November 2018 to incumbent Joe Manchin.

On April 4, 2023, Morrisey announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in the 2024 election. He narrowly defeated State Delegate Moore Capito in the primary election in May 2024. He won the election in November 2024.

## Other websites

- Office of the WV Attorney General
- Morrisey for Senate

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Patrick Morrisey
- **image**: Governor Patrick Morrisey in 2025.jpg
- **caption**: Morrisey in 2025
- **order**: 37th Governor of West Virginia
- **lieutenant**: Randy Smith (politician), Randy Smith
- **term start**: January 13, 2025
- **predecessor**: Jim Justice
- **office1**: 34th List of Attorneys General of West Virginia, Attorney General of West Virginia
- **governor1**: Earl Ray Tomblin
Jim Justice
- **term start1**: January 14, 2013
- **term end1**: January 13, 2025
- **predecessor1**: Darrell McGraw
- **successor1**: JB McCuskey
- **birth name**: Patrick James Morrisey
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **residence**: West Virginia Governor's Mansion, Governor's Mansion
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Denise Morrisey
- **children**: 1
- **education**: Rutgers University–New Brunswick, Rutgers University, New Brunswick (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Rutgers University–Newark, Rutgers University, Newark (Juris Doctor, JD)
- **signature**: Patrick Morrisey Signature.png
Adinad

**Adinadu** is a village in Kollam district, Kerala, India. Adinadu is included in Kulasekharapuram panchayath.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Adinadu
- **native name lang**: ml
- **settlement type**: village
- **pushpin map**: India Kerala#India
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Kerala, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **subdivision name1**: Kerala
- **subdivision name2**: Kollam district, Kollam
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **population total**: 22250
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **registration plate**: List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala, KL-23
- **demographics1 info1**: Malayalam language, Malayalam, English language, English
Karunagappally

**Karunagappally** is a municipality in Kollam district, Kerala, India.

## History

Karunagappally was an ancient Buddhist site.

## Demographics

Under 2011 India census, the population of Karunagappalli Municipality is 45,336.

## Economy

Karungappally used to be an agrarian economy until the late 19th century with coconut, banana, tapioca and paddy as the main crops grown. With rapid urbanization and the consequent pressure on land, the reliance on agriculture has dwindled.
Fishing forms the major source of livelihood for the coast dwellers. The area also receives substantial foreign remittances from the large number of people from here working in the Gulf countries. Now Kerala's many prominent business centres had their branches here.

## Politics

Karunagapalli assembly constituency is part of Alappuzha Lok Sabha constituency
and the major political parties in Karunagappally municipality and nearby panchayaths were CPI[M], CONGRESS, BJP.

## Other websites

- Karunagappally Taluk

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Karunagappally
- **native name lang**: ml
- **settlement type**: Town, Municipality, Taluk
- **image caption**: Karunagappally Town Aerial View
- **pushpin map**: India Kerala#India
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Kerala, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **subdivision name1**: Kerala
- **subdivision name2**: Kollam District, Kollam
- **governing body**: [http://www.karunagappally.lsgkerala.gov.in/council Karunagappally Municipality]
- **leader title1**: Chairperson
- **leader name1**: M Sobhana
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 66.34
- **elevation m**: 14
- **population total**: 45,336
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: 856
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **postal code type**: PIN
- **postal code**: 690518
- **area code**: +91 (0)4762
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **registration plate**: KL-23
- **blank1 name sec1**: Nearest city
- **blank1 info sec1**: Kollam (27 km)
- **blank1 name sec2**: Climate of India, Climate
- **blank1 info sec2**: Climatic regions of India, Am/Aw <small>(Köppen climate classification, Köppen)</small>
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:IN, IN-KL
- **leader title2**: Vice Chairman
- **leader name2**: Sakeena Salam
- **demographics1 info1**: Malayalam language, Malayalam, English language, English
- **blank2 name sec1**: Human sex ratio, Sex ratio
- **blank2 info sec1**: 999 male, ♂/female, ♀
- **blank3 name sec1**: Literacy
- **blank3 info sec1**: 94.26%
- **blank4 name sec1**: Urban planning, Planning agency
- **blank5 name sec1**: Civic agency
- **blank5 info sec1**: Karunagappally Municipality
- **blank2 name sec2**: Avg. annual temperature
- **blank3 name sec2**: Avg. summer temperature
- **blank4 name sec2**: Avg. winter temperature