2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum

The **United Kingdom European Union membership referendum** took place on 23 June 2016 in the UK and Gibraltar. It was to decide whether the United Kingdom would stay in the European Union (EU).

The referendum ended with 51.9% of votes in favour of leaving the EU.

On 24 June, the then Conservative Party leader and Prime Minister David Cameron announced that he would resign. He was replaced on 13 July by Theresa May.

## The _Remain_ campaign

Members of the _Remain_ campaign wanted the United Kingdom to stay in the European Union. Political parties that wanted the UK to stay in the EU include the Labour Party, the Liberal Democrats and the Scottish National Party. They said that being in the EU gave the UK many advantages in trade.

Prime Minister David Cameron supported staying in the EU, but the Conservative Party was neutral. It was up to each MP to have their own view. Other well-known Conservatives who wanted to remain in the EU include George Osborne, Theresa May and Philip Hammond.

## The _Leave_ campaign

Members of the _leave_ campaign, commonly called _Brexit_, wanted the UK to leave the European Union. Political parties who supported leaving the EU include United Kingdom Independence Party, the Respect Party and many members of the Conservative Party. Those who supported "leave" were especially concerned about the EU's "open border" policies and mass migration.

Some well known members of the Conservative party who wanted to leave the EU included Iain Duncan Smith, Michael Gove and Boris Johnson.

## Party policies

The tables list political parties with seats in the House of Commons or the House of Lords, the European Parliament, the Scottish Parliament, the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Welsh Assembly, or the Gibraltar Parliament at the time of the referendum.

### Great Britain

|Position|colspan=2|Political parties|Ref|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="6"|Remain|style="background-color: "||Green Party of England and Wales||
|style="background-color: "||Labour Party||||
|style="background-color: "||Liberal Democrats||||
|style="background-color: "||Plaid Cymru – The Party of Wales||||
|style="background-color: "||Scottish Green Party||||
|style="background-color: "||Scottish National Party (SNP)||||
|rowspan="2"|Leave|||||
|style="background-color: "||UK Independence Party (UKIP)||||
|Neutral|style="background-color: "||Conservative Party|||

### Northern Ireland

|Position|colspan=2|Political parties|Ref|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="5"|Remain|style="background-color: "||Alliance Party of Northern Ireland||
|style="background-color: "||Green Party in Northern Ireland||||
|style="background-color: "||Sinn Féin||||
|style="background-color: "||Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP)||||
|style="background-color: "||Ulster Unionist Party (UUP)||||
|rowspan="4"|Leave|||||
|style="background-color: "||Democratic Unionist Party (DUP)||||
|style="background-color: "||People Before Profit Alliance (PBP)||||
|style="background-color: "||Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV)||||

### Gibraltar

|Position|colspan=2|Political parties|Ref|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="3"|Remain|style="background-color: "||Gibraltar Social Democrats||
|style="background-color: "||Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party||||
|style="background-color: "||Liberal Party of Gibraltar||||

## Final results

|colspan=3|United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Remain a member of the European Union|align=right|16,141,241|align=right|48.11|
|**Leave the European Union**|align=right|**17,410,742**|align=right|**51.89**|
<small>* Total votes only include Valid votes. About 25,359 were invalid or blank. Source: </small>

### UK regional results

|rowspan=2 colspan=2|Region|rowspan=2|Voter turnout, of eligible|colspan=2|Votes|colspan=2|Proportion of votes||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"||East Midlands|style="text-align: right;"|74.2%|style="text-align: right;"|1,033,036|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**1,475,479**|style="text-align: right;"|41.18%|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**58.82%**|
|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"||East of England|style="text-align: right;"|75.7%|style="text-align: right;"|1,448,616|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**1,880,367**|style="text-align: right;"|43.52%|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**56.48%**|
|style="text-align: right; background:#fea;"||London|style="text-align: right;"|69.7%|style="text-align: right; background:#fea;"|**2,263,519**|style="text-align: right;"|1,513,232|style="text-align: right; background:#fea;"|**59.93%**|style="text-align: right;"|40.07%|
|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"||North East England|style="text-align: right;"|69.3%|style="text-align: right;"|562,595|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**778,103**|style="text-align: right;"|41.96%|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**58.04%**|
|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"||North West England|style="text-align: right;"|70%|style="text-align: right;"|1,699,020|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**1,966,925**|style="text-align: right;"|46.35%|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**53.65%**|
|style="text-align: right; background:#fea;"||Northern Ireland|style="text-align: right;"|62.7%|style="text-align: right; background:#fea;"|**440,707**|style="text-align: right;"|349,442|style="text-align: right; background:#fea;"|**55.78%**|style="text-align: right;"|44.22%|
|style="text-align: right; background:#fea;"||Scotland|style="text-align: right;"|67.2%|style="text-align: right; background:#fea;"|**1,661,191**|style="text-align: right;"|1,018,322|style="text-align: right; background:#fea;"|**62.00%**|style="text-align: right;"|38.00%|
|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"||South East England|style="text-align: right;"|76.8%|style="text-align: right;"|2,391,718|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**2,567,965**|style="text-align: right;"|48.22%|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**51.78%**|
|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"||South West England & Gibraltar|style="text-align: right;"|76.7%|style="text-align: right;"|1,503,019|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**1,669,711**|style="text-align: right;"|47.37%|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**52.63%**|
|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"||Wales|style="text-align: right;"|71.7%|style="text-align: right;"|772,347|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**854,572**|style="text-align: right;"|47.47%|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**52.53%**|
|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"||West Midlands|style="text-align: right;"|72%|style="text-align: right;"|1,207,175|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**1,755,687**|style="text-align: right;"|40.74%|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**59.26%**|
|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"||Yorkshire and the Humber|style="text-align: right;"|70.7%|style="text-align: right;"|1,158,298|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**1,580,937**|style="text-align: right;"|42.29%|style="text-align: right; background:#acf;"|**57.71%**|

## Reactions

Shortly after the results were announced, David Cameron said that he would resign by October 2016. After a leadership election, Theresa May became Prime Minister on 13 July.

The Scottish government announced on 24 June 2016 that they were planning to hold a second independence referendum. Northern Ireland politician Martin McGuinness also called for an Irish reunification referendum. A movement for London independence even occurred, with an online petition reaching thousands of signatures.

A "Bregret"/"Regrexit" petition was proposed by William Oliver Healey on 24 May 2016. It was made to support the creation of a second European Union membership referendum. By 25 June, more than two and a half million people signed the petition. Calls for a second referendum was later rejected by the government.

Theresa May officially triggered Article 50 on 29 March 2017. This means that negotiations have started between the UK government and the European Union. These talks are expected to last 2 years and after they have finished  the UK will be out of the EU.

## Infobox (referendum)

- **name**: United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
- **location**: United Kingdom (pop. Demography of the United Kingdom#Vital statistics (1938–2017), 65.65m) and Gibraltar (pop. 34,000)
- **date**: 23 June 2016
- **yes text**: Leave
- **no text**: Remain
- **yes**: 17410742
- **no**: 16141241
- **total**: 33577342
- **electorate**: 46500001
- **map**:
- **mapdivision**: voting area
- **notes**: On the map, the darker shades for a colour indicate a larger majority. The results for Northern Ireland are by parliamentary constituency. The electorate of 46.5m represents 70.8% of the population.
- **legend yes**: #0069b5
- **legend no**: #ffc010
- **outcome**: Brexit, The UK votes to leave the European Union