juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
National anthem of Scotland

As Scotland is part of the United Kingdom, the British national song "God Save the King" is used in Scotland on royal occasions, for example, or when Scottish athletes participate at the Olympics. However, in other situations, other songs are used as _acutual_ Scottish songs, especially "Flower of Scotland" and "Scotland the Brave". There have been calls for Scotland to have its own official national song.

In 2004, lawyers for the devolved Scottish Parliament advised that it was within the legal smart ability of the Scottish Parliament to choose a national song for Scotland, going against the suggestion that it would be a matter reserved to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. This ruling caused some interest in the idea, and a petition to the Scottish Parliament's petitions committee supported by the Scottish Green Party was referred without recommendation to the Scottish Executive, but they decided to take no action, thinking about the issue not to be a political priority. There have been subsequent attempts to re-open the debate on a national anthem for Scotland.

In 2006, the Scottish Parliament Enterprise Committee denied a formal request from Scottish National Party MSP Michael Matheson on the subject.

## Current use

At most international sporting events Scotland uses "Flower of Scotland" as its national song. These events include matches of the Scottish national football team, Scottish cricket team and the Scottish rugby union team. The song has also been used as the victory song of Scotland at the Commonwealth Games since 2010, replacing "Scotland the Brave".

## Possible candidates

In June 2006 the Royal Scottish National Orchestra conducted an online opinion poll on their website, asking visitors to choose a favourite to be Scotland's national song. With over 10,000 votes cast, "Flower of Scotland" came first with 41% of the votes, followed by "Scotland the Brave" with 29%.

|Tune|Votes (%)|
| --- | --- |
|"Flower of Scotland"|41%|
|"Scotland the Brave"|29%|
|"Highland Cathedral"|16%|
|"A Man's A Man for A' That"|7%|
|"Scots Wha Hae"|6%|

Other songs which have been suggested include Robert Burns' "Auld Lang Syne", and Hamish Henderson's "Freedom Come-All-Ye". Both of these songs, from the 18th and 20th centuries respectively, are written in Lowland Scots.

## Infobox (anthem)

- **title**: Proposed national anthems of Scotland
<small>Auld Lang Syne
Caledonia (song), Caledonia
Flower of Scotland
Highland Cathedral
A Man's A Man for A' That
Scotland the Brave
Scots Wha Hae
The Thistle o' Scotland (song), The Thistle o' Scotland
</small>
Everybody Lay Down

"**Everybody Lay Down**" is a 1993 song by Pat Benatar. It is the leading single from her ninth studio album _Gravity's Rainbow_. It went to number 50 in Canada and number 3 in the Billboard Modern Rock chart.

## Track listing

- 7–inch single (Jukebox release)
1. "Everybody Lay Down" – 4:25
1. "Promises in the Dark" (Live) – 5:11

- CD single (US promo)
1. "Everybody Lay Down" (Edit Version) – 3:57
1. "Everybody Lay Down" (Album Version) – 4:25

- CD single (Japanese release)
1. "Everybody Lay Down" (Edit Version) – 3:57
1. "Everybody Lay Down" (Album Version) – 4:25

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Everybody Lay Down
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Pat Benatar
- **album**: Gravity's Rainbow (album), Gravity's Rainbow
- **released**: April 26, 1993
- **label**: Chrysalis Records, Chrysalis
- **writer**: * Neil Giraldo
* Pat Benatar
- **producer**: * Don Gehman
* Neil Giraldo
- **prev title**: So Long
- **prev year**: 1991
- **next title**: Somebody's Baby
- **next year**: 1993
Beachlands, New Zealand

**Beachlands** is an outer suburb of Auckland. It was established in the 1920s. The development has increased from the 1950s, which makes it a beach holiday destination. It has a primary school, and its nearest high school is at Howick College or Botany Downs Secondary College.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **zoom**: 10


## Infobox (new zealand suburb)

- **name**: Beachlands
- **image**: Beachlands.jpg
- **caption1**: Sunkist Bay in Beachlands, New Zealand
- **city1**: Auckland
- **council**: Auckland Council
- **board**: Franklin Local Board
- **ward**: Franklin ward
- **established**: 1920s
- **area**: 882
- **ferryterminals**: Pine Harbour Marina
- **north**: (Waitematā Harbour), Waiheke Island
- **east**: Maraetai
- **southeast**: Clevedon, New Zealand, Clevedon
- **south**: Whitford, New Zealand, Whitford
- **west**: (Tamaki Strait), Howick, New Zealand, Howick
Mönch

The **Mönch** is a mountain in the Bernese Alps in Switzerland. It lies at the end of a valley, and forms a highly recognisable group with Eiger and Jungfrau, nearby.

At the foot of the mountain, geldings (male, castrated horses) were brought during the summer. In the local dialect, these were called "Münche". The mountain was called "Münchenberg" at first, later "Münch", and finally "Mönch". From the language there's no relation to a monk.

In 1935, the height was given as . In 1993, this was corrected to , later to  and finally to
Kural

The ***Tirukkuṟaḷ***  or shortly **the** ***Kural***  is a classic Tamil language text. It has 1,330 short couplets (two-line poem parts), or kurals, of seven words each.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Tirukkuṟaḷ
- **image**: திருக்குறள் தெளிவு.pdf
- **caption**: The _Kural_ in Tamil language, Tamil, its original language
- **author**: Valluvar
- **title orig**: திருக்குறள்
- **orig lang code**: ta
- **title working**: Kural
- **country**: India
- **language**: Old Tamil language, Old Tamil
- **series**: Eighteen Lesser Texts
- **genre**: Poetry
- **set in**: Probably after the Sangam era (c. 500 CE or earlier)
- **pub date**: 1812 (first known printed edition, older palm-leaf manuscripts exist)
- **english pub date**: 1794
- **native wikisource**: திருக்குறள்
- **wikisource**: The Kural or the Maxims of Tiruvalluvar
Source text

A **source text** is a piece of work (usually writing, sometimes speech) where information or ideas come from. In translation, a source text is the original text that is to be translated into another language.

In the study of history, people talk about primary (firsthand), secondary (secondhand) and tertiary (thirdhand) sources.
Intercrural sex

**Intercrural sex** is a form of Non-penetrative sex where a person's penis is stimulated between the thighs of another person.

It is known from Ancient Greece, and it is sometimes done because it spreads sexually transmitted diseases less than vaginal or anal sex.
Elliot Easton

**Elliot Easton** (born **Elliot Steinberg**, 18 December 1953 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American lead guitarist and singer. He sang background vocals for The Cars. He studied music at the Berklee College of Music.

## Career

Easton released a solo album in 1985, _Change No Change_, with songs co-written with Jules Shear. A later band project, Band Of Angels, was formed with singer Danny Malone, and recorded one album, _Band Of Angels_, which was not released, but some selections were included in the _Change No Change_ 1996 CD.

In 1998, Easton's rendition appeared on _No Cats_, an album by Stray Cats bassist Lee Rocker. He contributed guitar parts to "Rumblin' Bass" and "One Way or Another." According to both Easton and Rocker, the two have known each other since they were young boys growing up in New York.

Easton then joined Creedence Clearwater Revisited, the modern touring version of Creedence Clearwater Revival.

He has also played with Ric Ocasek as a solo artist.

Easton is currently a member of The New Cars, along with original The Cars member Greg Hawkes and singer/songwriter Todd Rundgren, along with former Utopia bassist/vocalist Kasim Sulton and The Tubes drummer Prairie Prince. In June 2006, the band released a live album, _It's Alive!_, which includes three new studio tracks.

He appeared and played the solo on the Click Five song "Angel To You (Devil To Me)".
Greg Hawkes

**Greg Hawkes** (born October 22, 1952) is an American musician. He is best known as the keyboardist for the new wave band The Cars.

A native of Fulton, Maryland, Hawks attended Atholton High School, where he played in a band called Teeth. He then attended Berklee College of Music for two years, majoring in composition and flute. He left to play in various bands, including Martin Mull and his Fabulous Furniture, where he played flute, saxophones and clarinet. He also played in a band called Richard and The Rabbits, which included future Cars bandmates Ric Ocasek and Benjamin Orr.

Greg Hawkes' most notable involvement was with The Cars. Hawkes pushed the limits of available technology and sequencing helping to forge the sound of the 1980s. His signature sounds include the Prophet-5 "touch sync" sound heard on "Let's Go" and "Hello Again" as well as arpeggiated and syncopated synth lines like on "Shake it Up" and "Heartbeat City".
Polow da Don

**Polow-Freache Jamal Fincher Jones** (born October 15, 1977 or 1978), known by his professional name **Polow da Don**, is an American record producer and rapper. He rose to fame in late 2005 and early 2006 through hit singles by musicians such as Ludacris, Will Smith, Jamie Foxx, Ciara, Kelly Rowland, Fergie, Rich Boy, Kelis, Nas, Usher, Nelly, G-Unit and Mario.

## Early life

Polow was born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia. His mother was born in Japan. As a teenager in the mid-1990s, Polow listened to groups such as UGK, the Geto Boys, and 8Ball & MJG. His younger sister, Karesha, helped him learn to play the keyboards and use MPC equipment. Polow played football and basketball for the Mount Vernon Christian Academy prep school. After earning good grades, he enrolled in Morehouse College. While in the middle through a bachelor's degree in accounting, he left college to pursue a rap career with his rap group Jim Crow.

## Career

The group signed to Sony Records in 1999, where they released two albums, _Crow's Nest_ (1999) and _Right Quick_ (2001), before being dropped. Though disappointed, Polow formed a Southern hip hop group with Bubba Sparxxx, Sean P, Pastor Troy, G Rock, and Timbaland. However, they also parted ways without any releases. Polow started making beats around 2001. His first beat tape of his came to Interscope Records president Jimmy Iovine. The beats were eventually used for the tracks "Runaway Love" by Ludacris, "Buttons" by the Pussycat Dolls, and "This Is the Life" by Tru-Life.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Polow da Don
- **birth name**: Jamal Fincher Jones
- **birth place**: Clearwater, Florida, U.S.
- **birth date**: or 1978 (age –)
- **origin**: Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, U.S.
- **years active**: 1997–present
1998–99 Austrian Cup

The **1998-99 Austrian Cup**  was the cup competition in Austrian football. SV Ried were the defending champions.

## Round 2

First round with teams from the first and second league.

## Final

||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"||||
|colspan="4"|||||
|GK||Kazimierz Sidorczuk|||
|DF||Franco Foda|||
|DF||Günther Neukirchner|||
|DF||Ranko Popović|||
|DF||Mehrdad Minavand|||
|MF||Roman Mählich|||
|MF||Jan-Pieter Martens|||
|MF||Hannes Reinmayr|||
|MF||Markus Schupp|||
|FW||Mario Haas|||
|FW||Ivica Vastić|||
|colspan=3|**Substitutes:**||||
|DF||Michael Bochtler|||
|FW||Victor Berco|||
|DF||Darko Milanič|||
|colspan=3|**Manager:**||||
|colspan=4|Ivica Osim|}|style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-size:90%; margin:auto;"|
|colspan="4"|||||
|GK||Željko Pavlović|||
|DF||Cheikh Sidy Ba|||
|DF||Željko Milinovič|||
|DF||Bernhard Muhr|||
|DF||Klaus Rohseano|||
|MF||Brendan Augustine|||
|MF||Herbert Grassler|||
|MF||Jürgen Kauz|||
|MF||Jürgen Panis|||
|MF||Jürgen Pichorner|||
|FW||Eugène Dadi|||
|colspan=3|**Substitutes:**||||
|MF||Michael Mehlem|||
|MF||Markus Weissenberger|||
|FW||Christian Stumpf|||
|colspan=3|**Manager:**||||
|colspan=3|Marinko Koljanin||||
|}|||||

## Top goalscorers

|Rank|Player|Club|Goals|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|align="left"|Gerald Strafner|align="left"|SV Ried|5|
|1|align="left"|Erik Regtop|align="left"|SC Austria Lustenau|5|
|3|align="left"|Angelo Vier|align="left"|SK Rapid Wien|4|
Sean Garrett

**Garrett Robin Hamler**, better known by his stage name **Sean Garrett**, is an American singer, songwriter and record producer.

Garrett is responsible for a series of chart-topping compositions, most notably "Yeah!" by Usher, Ciara's breakout song "Goodies", Teairra Mari's first single "Make Her Feel Good" and Chris Brown's first single "Run It!". He is in a production duo with Swizz Beatz, and together they produced several Beyoncé singles: "Diva", "Ring the Alarm", "Get Me Bodied", "Upgrade U" and "Check on It". He also often writes over productions by Polow da Don.

Garrett has also recently embarked on a career as a performer. He wrote and co-produced his own single "Grippin'". http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewprofile&friendID=128525583  His first album _Turbo 919_ was released June 24, 2008 on his own record label "Bet I Penned It Music".

Garrett's catchphrase appears on several songs he has produced, called "Smash on the radio, bet I penned it." Also, Sean Garrett has become good friends with Ludacris, who has collaborated on Garrett's first single from _Turbo 919_, "Grippin'". In return, Garrett was featured on Ludacris' "What Them Girls Like" with Chris Brown, the first single off _Theater of the Mind_. He worked on Ciara's third studio album _Fantasy Ride_ in early 2009.
Protocol stack

A  **protocol stack** is a part of an operating system (OS) or device that is used to communicate with other things.

Computers communicate in many ways.  A mobile phone contains several protocol stacks.  There are protocol stacks in a mobile phone for handling voice calls, for Bluetooth, for Wi-Fi, and for USB.  There is a protocol stack used when reading a webpage on Wikipedia.

Sometimes the protocol stacks work together. An example of this is when a person uses a Bluetooth headset for a voice call. One stack is used for the phone to communicate with the headset. Another stack is used to make the voice call.  The Bluetooth headset or earbud has its own bluetooth protocol stack.

The protocol stacks are used to send and receive information.

Each layer of the protocol stack handles a different part of the communication.  There is a protocol stack with many different layers that are used to send and receive data.   When two things communicate with each other in a standard manner, this is known as a protocol.

Some layers within the protocol stack will work on _reliability._ They will send a message again if the first message was lost in communication.

Some layers will provide _compatibility._ They will let data to be communicated in different ways, like over Wi-Fi or over a network wire, but the layers above don't need to know what way is being used.   And whether wifi or wired - those layers don't need to know if it is carrying text in a wikipedia page, or perhaps the data in a picture.  They let different types of data to be communicated in a standard manner.

Layers often handle a series of chunks of data. Some layers split the data into smaller chunks when sending it. This is called _fragmentation._ When the data is received, another layer puts the smaller chunks back together to form larger chunks or media streams. This is called _reassembly_.

Some layers may encrypt the data when it is sent. This is done so it cannot be read. A layer at the receiving side will remove the encryption, known as decryption. Secret keys are used to encrypt and decrypt the data.

The OSI model is a common way to think about protocol stacks.
Blac Elvis

**Elvis Williams** (born 12 April 1981), better known as **Blac Elvis**, is an American record producer. He rose to fame in 2005 co-producing with Polow da Don. Producing hits for Ludacris, Ciara, Kelly Rowland, Fergie, Rich Boy, Kelis, Nelly, Pussycat Dolls and Mario. He produced and co-wrote Beyoncé's hit single "Ego". Now he and his business partner, Grammy Award-winning songwriter/producer Harold Lilly, have launched their own record label called Mars On Sunday.

He has produced top 40 hit singles for Fergie ("London Bridge" and "Glamorous"), Ciara ("Promise"), Kelly Rowland ("Like This"), Mario ("Crying Out For Me"), Beyoncé ("Ego") and for Usher ("Lil Freak").

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Blac Elvis
- **birth name**: Elvis Williams
- **birth place**: Clarksdale, Mississippi, United States
- **occupation**: Record producer, Producer, pianist, songwriter
- **years active**: 1999–present
- **label**: Mars On Sunday/Solar Digital Music
- **website**: [http://www.myspace.com/blacelvismusic myspace.com/blacelvismusic]
Bryan-Michael Cox

**Bryan-Michael Cox** (born December 1, 1977) is an award-winning American songwriter and record producer.

He has co-written and co-produced singles including: Mariah Carey's "Shake It Off"; Tamia's "Still"; Fantasia's "Only One U"; Danity Kane's "Ride For You"; LeToya's "Obvious"; Mary J. Blige's "Be Without You"; Toni Braxton's "Trippin' (That's the Way Love Works)"; and Usher's "Confessions, Pt. 2". Cox has been producing professionally since 1998, receiving his first formal credit on 1999's "Get Gone" by the Houston R&B group Ideal.

## History

Cox was born in Miami and grew up in Houston, where he attended the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts. While in the eleventh grade, he met and was mentored by Greg Curtis (who produced and co-wrote Keyshia Cole's 2006 hit "Love"). From Curtis, who had a studio in Houston, Cox learned the basic fundamentals of creating songs, including production, using audio equipment, recording, as well as songwriting and structuring.

During his senior year, he was joined at the school by singer Beyoncé and her former Destiny's Child group member LeToya Luckett. His friendship with Beyoncé and her belief in his talent resulted in his first "real" recording session, which consisted of doing three demo songs for the group then known only as "Destiny." Although the songs were never officially released, Cox expressed that the session really led him to know that he wanted to be a professional music producer.

In 1997, he moved to Atlanta to attend Clark Atlanta University (CAU), where he majored in music. However, the mean reason for his move was to get into the music industry. He looked for opportunities within the music industry. Based on information from a campus brochure, he sought out and obtained an unpaid internship with the Noontime production company, to gain experience and opportunities. His hard work paid off as his affiliation with Noontime led him to work with Jagged Edge, which led to him meeting Jermaine Dupri. Cox's relationship with Dupri soon led to producing and writing for Nivea, Monica, Da Brat and Lil' Bow Wow. Though Cox has since co-written and co-produced an extensive body of work (including Hot 100 #1 hits such as Mariah Carey's "Don't Forget About Us" plus Usher's "Burn," "Confessions, Pt. 2" and "U Got It Bad") and won two Grammy awards (for his work on albums by Carey and Usher), Mary J. Blige's "Be Without You" marked his first Hot 100 Top 5 hit without Dupri.
Ziarat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

**Ziarat** is a valley located in Lower Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Its coordinates are 35° 40' 26" North, 71° 55' 28" East.

## Educational institutions

- Govt Higher Secondary School

## Related pages

- Laspur
- Orghoch
- Gahirat

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ziarat
- **native name**: زیارت
- **native name lang**: ur
- **settlement type**: valley
- **pushpin map**: Pakistan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of Pakistan, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of Pakistan, District
- **subdivision name2**: Chitral district, Chitral
- **subdivision name3**: Chitral
- **government type**: Municipal Corporation
- **governing body**: Municipal Corporation
- **population total**: 463
- **population as of**: 2003
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Urdu
- **timezone1**: Pakistan Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset1**: +5
- **postal code type**: Postal Index Number
- **postal code**: 17030 - 0xx
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: +924 - 7
- **blank1 name sec1**: constituency
- **blank2 name sec1**: Constituency
- **blank3 name sec1**: Civic agency
Johntá Austin

**Johntá Austin** (born June 28, 1980) is an American singer-songwriter who won two Grammy Awards on Jermaine Dupri's So So Def Recordings.

## History

Austin grew up in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1989, at the age of eight, Austin hosted the daily television show, _Kid's Beat_ on CNN. Covering current events, sports and the world of entertainment, Austin went on to become the Atlanta Bureau Chief for the CNN weekly news program, _Real News for Kids_ and the reporter for the TBS half hour weekly, _Feed Your Mind_. Austin grew up singing in church choirs and wanted to become an actor, interviewing celebrities like Michael Jackson and Michael Jordan, among others. In 1993, he made his television debut on _The Arsenio Hall Show_, where he admitted he loved to sing and was offered to sing with Arsenio Hall's band.

He was originally signed in the mid-late '90s to RCA Records before being succeeded by R&B singer Tyrese Gibson. However, he ended up writing a few songs for him (including the hit "Sweet Lady") as well as writing for other artists.

Austin has been extremely busy and successful during the past several years. He co-wrote Mariah Carey's hit 2005 singles, "We Belong Together", "Don't Forget About Us", "It's Like That", and "Shake It Off" from her album _The Emancipation of Mimi_. Austin also co-wrote Mary J. Blige's single "Be Without You" from her #1 selling CD "The Breakthrough" and Monica's single "Everytime Tha Beat Drop" from her album _The Makings of Me_. He also appears as a guest artist on Jermaine Dupri's 2005 song "Gotta Getcha" and has co-written a few songs on Chris Brown's self-titled debut album in 2005, as well as Marques Houston's "Can I Call You" from her debut album in 2003.

Austin produced and was featured on the songs "Shortie Like Mine" and "Outta My System," both singles by rapper Bow Wow from his album _The Price of Fame_. Both songs were successful, "Shortie Like Mine" peaking at number 9, and "Outta My System" peaking at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100.

The release of his debut album, _Love, Sex & Religion_, has been repeatedly delayed, due in part to So So Def changing its affiliation from Virgin Music to Island Records.
I Love It (Kanye West and Lil Pump song)

"**I Love It**" is a trap song by American rappers  Lil Pump and Kanye West. The song has guest vocals from comedian Adele Givens. It was released as a single on September 7, 2018. It is on Lil Pump's second studio album, _Harverd Dropout_. The song has sexual lyrics. Because of this, it premiered at the 2018 Pornhub Awards. The song was produced by West, as well as DJ Clark Kent and Lil Pump's collaborator, CBMix.
Tales from the Punchbowl

***Tales from the Punchbowl*** is the fourth studio album by Primus. Primus is an American rock band. The album was released on June 6, 1995. It was released again in 1996.

The album went to number eight on the _Billboard_ 200, an American music chart. It is the band's last studio album to get an RIAA certification. It is certified gold by the RIAA.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Tales from the Punchbowl
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Primus
- **released**: June 6, 1995
- **recorded**: November 1994 - March 1995
- **studio**: Rancho Relaxo, Sebastopol, California
- **length**: 54:05
- **label**: Interscope Records, Interscope, Prawn Song
- **producer**: Primus
Ussuriysk

**Ussuriysk** () is a city in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is in the fertile valley of the Razdolnaya River. It is  north of Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai. It is about  from both the China–Russia border and the Pacific Ocean. Population:

It used to be named **Nikolskoye** (until 1898), **Nikolsk-Ussuriysky** (until 1935), and **Voroshilov** (until 1957). It was named Ussuriysk in 1957.

## Demographics

Ethnic groups (2010):

- Russians – 91%
- Koreans – 3%
- Ukrainians – 2.4%
- Tatars – 0.5%
- Others – 3.1%

## Architecture and monuments

The central part of the city, including Lenina, Chicherina, Krasnoznamyonnaya, and Ageyeva Streets, is of historic value. On the central square there is a monument to the Red Guards and partisans, who died in the battles at Ussuriysk in June 1918. A monument to Vladimir Lenin is on the Railway Station Square. Steam locomotive YeL 629 is set on plinth as a memorial to three Bolshevik revolutionaries (Lazo, Lutsky, and Sibirtsev) who were allegedly burned alive by the White Guards in its firebox in 1920.

## Notable people

- Aleksandr Dvornikov (born 1961), army general

## Twin towns and sister cities

Ussuriysk is twinned with:

- Mudanjiang, China
- Changwon, South Korea

## Infobox (russian inhabited locality)

- **en name**: Ussuriysk
- **ru name**: Уссурийск
- **image skyline**: Уссурийск, ул. Некрасова.JPG
- **image caption**: Nekrasova Street in Ussuriysk
- **image coa**: Coat of Arms of Ussuriysk (Primorsky kray).png
- **federal subject**: Primorsky Krai
- **adm inhabloc jur**: Ussuriysk City of federal subject significance, City Under Krai Jurisdiction
- **adm ctr of1**: Ussuriysk City Under Krai Jurisdiction
- **inhabloc cat**: City
- **urban okrug jur**: Ussuriysky Urban Okrug
- **mun admctr of1**: Ussuriysky Urban Okrug
- **leader title**: Head
- **leader name**: Yevgeny Korzh
- **area km2**: 173
- **pop 2010census**: 158004
- **pop 2010census rank**: 111th
- **pop latest**: 168598
- **pop latest date**: 2016
- **established date**: 1866
- **current cat date**: 1898
- **postal codes**: 692500–692503, 692506, 692508–692512, 692515, 692519, 692522–692530, 692548–692554, 692558, 692559
- **dialing codes**: 4234
- **website**: http://adm-ussuriisk.ru/
- **date**: July 2020
Poverty porn

**Poverty porn**, **pornography of poverty**, **development porn**, **famine porn**, or **stereotype porn**, is a type of media that uses a place's bad conditions. The bad conditions create sympathy and this sympathy can then be used to get money. This money will then go to charities or another type of cause. Poverty porn is also a word that can be used to criticize movies that objectify people in poverty for the sake of entertaining a watcher.

## In politics

In western culture, "poverty porn" is often used in politics as well. Some political parties may use it as a way to purposefully make misleading impressions of the lives of the poor. Other political parties use this term as the result of the welfare state.

## In popular culture

Poverty porn is often used modern pop culture. The idea of poverty porn has become popular in many movies and TV shows.

### Reality TV

The British television program _The Hardest Grafter_ uses Poverty Porn this when it shows 25 of Britain's "poorest workers,". All of these workers have the shared objective of winning £15,000. They win this money through doing different tasks. Some sources say that this television show can be perverted and discriminatory. This is because the members of the show can only be poor.

### Examples of works

- _Benefits Street_
- _Slumdog Millionaire_
- _Nomadland_
Tricky Stewart

**Christopher "Tricky" Stewart** (born January 4, 1974) is an American songwriter, music producer, music publisher, executive producer, recording industry executive and recording studio owner. In a career that spans 30 years, Stewart, at the helm of his company RedZone Entertainment, is responsible for more than 25 million records sold. He is known for producing many chart-topping pop and R&B singles, such as Beyoncé's "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", Britney Spears's "Me Against the Music", Mýa's "Case of the Ex", Rihanna's "Umbrella", Mary J. Blige's "Just Fine", Mariah Carey's "Touch My Body" and "Obsessed", Jesse McCartney's "Leavin'", Justin Bieber's "Baby", Ciara's "Ride", Nicole Scherzinger's "Your Love" and many others.
OMG Tour

**OMG Tour** was a concert tour. It was the third one by American recording artist Usher. The tour, which visited North America, Asia, Europe and Australia, accompanies his sixth studio album, _Raymond v. Raymond_ (2010), as well as his first extended play, _Versus_ (2010). In late 2011, the tour was ranked seventh on Billboard's annual, "Top 25 Tours", earning nearly $75 million from 73 shows.

## Background

In the summer of 2010, Usher competed in a dance battle against fellow R&B artist Chris Brown at the Reggae Sumfest. The battle sparked an Internet buzz about the two possibly going on tour. This was further pushed by producer Jermaine Dupri alluding that the two artists may not be aware of this upcoming tour. The singers later took to Twitter to ask who the fans would like to see them perform with. On September 8, 2010, the singer announced his tour trip (and revealed that he was going solo) across North America. Due to demand many additional stops were added in Europe and Australasia. It is Usher's first arena tour since The Truth Tour in 2004. Introducing the tour, Usher said, > "Live performance has always been my thing. It's my purpose to master and capture the moment every time I have you connected. For me, I wanted to make sure that it was state of the art. I wanted to make sure that, in comparison to the other shows that are going on around the world, you get the type of experience that leave you saying, 'OMG.' [...] The look of the tour, it's a little futuristic but enough to capture your attention and leave you saying, 'OMG.' That's the whole point. With an incredible record, I wanted to also leave a great impression.
The Way (Ariana Grande song)

**"The Way"** is a song recorded by American singer and actress Ariana Grande. It features rapper Mac Miller. The song is from Grande's first studio album _Yours Truly_. It reached the Top 10 in The United States and United Kingdom. It was Grande's first successful song.

## Track listings

- **Digital download**
1. "The Way"  – 3:46
1. "The Way"  – 3:46
- **CD single**
1. "The Way"  – 3:48
1. "The Way" – 3:10

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: The Way
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Ariana Grande featuring Mac Miller
- **album**: Yours Truly (Ariana Grande album), Yours Truly
- **recorded**: January 2013
- **genre**: * Pop music, Pop
* hip hop soul
* Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **label**: Republic Records, Republic
- **writer**: * Harmony Samuels
* Sevyn Streeter, Amber Streeter
* Al Sherrod Lambert
* Jordin Sparks
* Mac Miller, Malcolm McCormick
* Brenda Russell
- **producer**: Harmony Samuels
- **chronology**: Ariana Grande
- **prev title**: Popular Song (song), Popular Song
- **prev year**: 2012
- **next title**: Baby I
- **next year**: 2013
Aaron Cometbus

**Aaron Elliott** (born September 20, 1968), better known as **Aaron Cometbus**, is an American drummer, lyricist, self-described "punk anthropologist" and author of punk rock zine Cometbus.

Born in Berkeley, California, Aaron Cometbus began writing zines in 1981 with Jesse Michaels of Operation Ivy, and started his own after Jesse moved to Pennsylvania in October 1981. Aaron became an active participant in the Gilman Street Project and was a founding member of Crimpshrine, a highly influential punk rock band from the East Bay, which also featured Jeff Ott. After Crimpshrine's demise, Aaron formed Pinhead Gunpowder with a handful of people from the East Bay punk scene, including Mike Kirsch, Jason White and Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day. Aaron has also played in a multitude of short-lived bands that usually only release a seven inch or two before breaking up, some of which include Astrid Oto, Cleveland Bound Death Sentence, Scooby Don't, Shotwell Coho, The Blank Fight, which includes Rymodee of This Bike Is A Pipe Bomb, EFS, Redmond Shooting Stars, Mundt and The Retard Beaters, T. Zatana, Colbom, and Harbinger, which also includes Robert Eggplant, formerly of Blatz, and John Geek of Fleshies. He briefly played drums in SF's anarcho-syndicalist group, Strawman. He has been known to sit behind the This Bike Is A Pipe Bomb kite from time to time.

## Band history

- S.A.G. (East Bay CA; 1982-1984)
- Crimpshrine (East Bay CA; 1984-1989)
- Sweet Baby (AKA Sweet Baby Jesus) (East Bay/Northern CA; 1989-1990)
- Pinhead Gunpowder (East Bay CA; 1991-2001; 2008)
- Mundt (Northern CA; 1992)
- Shotwell (San Francisco CA; AKA Shotwell Coho) (1994)
- EFS (Berkeley CA; 1995)
- Cosmetic Puffs (Eureka, Ca; 1995)
- Redmond Shooting Stars (Seattle WA; 1995-1996)
- Cleveland Bound Death Sentence (Minneapolis MN; 1997-1998; 2004)
- The Retard Beaters (Chattanooga, TN; 1997-1998)
- Harbinger (East Bay CA; 1998-1999)
- The Blank Fight (Pensacola FL; 1999-2000)
- Astrid Oto (Asheville NC; 1999-2001)
- Colbom (San Francisco CA; 2001)
- End of the World News (New York; 2002-2003)
- Crybaby MacArthur (Brooklyn NY; 2004-2006)
- The Thorns of Life (Brooklyn NY; 2008-2009)
- Sub Rosa (Brooklyn NY; 2020-2022)
Anti-Hero (song)

"**Anti-Hero**" is a pop song by Taylor Swift. It was released on October 21, 2022. It is from Swift's tenth studio album, _Midnights_. The song's lyrics are about depression and self-loathing. This is because the song is inspired by Swift's nightmares and problems with self-loathing. It reached the top 10 on music charts in 38 countries and became Swift's ninth US number-one song. It broke the global and US records for the most streams for a song's first day on Spotify.
Bill Bottrell

**Bill Bottrell** (born 27 October 1952) is an American record producer, songwriter and musician, probably best known for his Grammy Award-winning collaboration with Sheryl Crow.

During the late 1980s, Bottrell worked with a number of major recording artists, including Madonna and Michael Jackson. In the early 1990s he formed his own recording studio and founded a musical "think tank" he called the "Tuesday Night Music Club". One of the resulting acts was Sheryl Crow, whose 1993 debut album (produced by Bottrell) was titled _Tuesday Night Music Club_. Her single "All I Wanna Do" from that album won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year for Bottrell and Crow.

Bottrell has worked with many other artists, including Alisha's Attic, Rosanne Cash, Thomas Dolby, Five For Fighting, Lisa Germano, Kevin Gilbert, Shelby Lynne, Linda Perry, Tom Petty, and Toy Matinee.

## Other websites

- Bill Bottrell official website
Christopher Neil

**Christopher Neil** (born 1948) is a British-Irish record producer, active during the 1980s and 1990s.

He has worked with Sheena Easton, a-ha,  Dollar, Paul Nicholas, Kim Criswell, Morten Harket, Mike + The Mechanics, Johnny Logan, Marillion, The Moody Blues, The Other Ones, Paul Carrack, Marillion, Edyta Górniak and most of all, Celine Dion.

He is the lead singer of the mid-1960s Manchester group The Chuckles.
Batwheels

***Batwheels*** is an American computer-animated superhero children's television series that premiered on September 17, 2022, on HBO Max, and on October 17, 2022, on Cartoon Network's preschool block, Cartoonito.
Cornufer boulengeri

The **Kandrian wrinkled ground frog**, **Boulenger's wrinkled ground frog** or **Boulenger's Platymantis** (_Cornufer boulengeri_) is a frog. It lives on New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea.  People have seen it as high as 1500 meters above sea level.
Children's television series

**Children's television series** (also known as **children's television programs** outside North America, **children's television programmes** in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and **children's television shows**) are television programs designed for children, normally scheduled for broadcast during the morning and afternoon when children are awake. They can sometimes run during the early evening, allowing younger children to watch them after school. The purpose of these shows is mainly to entertain or educate. The children's series are in four categories: those aimed at infants and toddlers, those aimed at those aged 6 to 11 years old, those for adolescents and those aimed at all children.

## History

Children's television is nearly as old as television itself. The BBC's _Children's Hour_, broadcast in the UK in 1946, is generally credited with being the first TV programme specifically for children.

Television for children tended to originate from similar programs on radio; the BBC's _Children's Hour_ was launched in 1922, and BBC School Radio began broadcasting in 1924. In the US in the early 1930s, adventure serials such as _Little Orphan Annie_ began to emerge, becoming a staple of children's afternoon radio listening.
Slow Down (Larry Williams song)

"**Slow Down**" is a 1958 song by Larry Williams and was only released along with _Dizzy, Miss Lizzy_. Both songs were covered by The Beatles.

## The Beatles rendition

In 1964, The Beatles released a cover version of Slow Down as a B-side to their single _Matchbox_. It went to number 25 in the United States.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Slow Down
- **type**: single
- **caption**: US picture sleeve
- **artist**: Larry Williams
- **a-side**: Dizzy, Miss Lizzy
- **recorded**: September 11, 1957
- **studio**: Masters Records, Hollywood, California
- **genre**: Rock and roll
- **length**: 2:40
- **label**: Specialty Records, Specialty
- **writer**: Larry Williams
- **prev title**: Bony Moronie
- **prev year**: 1957
- **next title**: Hootchy-Koo
- **next title2**: The Dummy
- **next year**: 1958


## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Slow Down
- **a-side**: Matchbox (song), Matchbox
- **caption**: US picture sleeve
- **artist**: the Beatles
- **type**: single
- **released**: * (UK _Long Tall Sally (EP), Long Tall Sally_ EP)
*August 24, 1964 (US single)
- **recorded**: June 1 & 4, 1964
- **studio**: EMI Recording Studios, EMI 2, London
- **genre**: Rock and roll
- **label**: *Parlophone (UK)
*Capitol Records, Capitol (US)
- **writer**: Larry Williams
- **producer**: George Martin
- **chronology**: The Beatles US
- **prev title**: I'll Cry Instead
- **prev year**: 1964
- **next title**: I Feel Fine
- **next year**: 1964
Lignite

**Lignite**, often called **brown coal**, is a soft sedimentary rock. It is brown in color and combustible. The rock is created from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35%. It is thought to be the lowest rank of coal. This is because of its low heat content. Lignite has a  high amount of moisture when it is taken from the ground. This can explain its low carbon content. The rock is mined all around the world. It is mostly used as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.

The combustion of lignite makes less heat for the amount of carbon dioxide and sulfur that come out than other types of coal. Because of this, environmentalists have said that lignite is the worst coal for human health. Many different toxic heavy metals can also be in lignite. These are left over in the coal fly ash made from its combustion. This causes more health risks.

## Uses

Most lignite is used to make electricity. It is also used in agriculture, in industry, and, as **jet**, in jewelry.

## Other websites

- Geography in action – an Irish case study
- Photograph of lignite
- Coldry:Lignite Dewatering Process
Sober (song)

"**Sober**" is a power pop song by American singer-songwriter Pink. It was released on November 3, 2008. It is from her fifth studio album, _Funhouse_. The song's lyrics are about sobriety. They are also about the vices different people choose. The song's backstory is about Pink being at a party that she did not want to be in. It was written by Pink and Kara DioGuardi. Danja and Marcella Araica also helped write it.
Barbie Dreams

"**Barbie Dreams**" is a hip hop song by Nicki Minaj, released on August 14, 2018. It is from her fourth studio album, _Queen_. Barbie Dreams heavily samples The Notorious B.I.G.'s promotional single, Just Playing (Dreams). The song has been dismissed by many critics, due to the lyrics insulting popular male rappers and athletes, who are friends and collaborators of hers, including Kanye West, Eminem, Drake, Young Thug, Future and many others.
Blinken Open Society Archives

**Blinken Open Society Archives** (**Blinken OSA**) is an archival institution in Hungary.

## Introduction

It was founded by George Soros in 1995, and opened in 1996 as a department of the Central European University. Originally called Open Society Archives (OSA), in 2015 it was renamed **Vera and Donald Blinken Open Society Archives**.

Its archives are related to post-war European history, the Cold War, the history of the former Eastern Bloc, samizdat, the history of propaganda, human rights, and war crimes.

Blinken OSA is also a department of the Central European University.

The institution is located in Budapest.

The building now also has a gallery named Galeria Centralis.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Open Society Archives
- **native name**: Nyílt Társadalom Archívum
- **established**: 1995
- **city**: Budapest
- **country**: Hungary
- **affiliations**: Central European University
- **website**: http://www.osaarchivum.org
That's My Girl

**That's My Girl** is an R&B song by Fifth Harmony. It was released on September 27, 2016. It is from their second studio album, _7/27_. The lyrics speak of feminism and female empowerment. It has reached the Top 10 in Belgium and New Zealand.
Diss (music)

A **diss track** or a **diss song** (diss meaning _disrespect_) is a type of song made to be mean to others. Many times, they are mean to other musicians. Diss tracks are often made because of conflicts. For example, two musicians may have different opinions on something. Because of this, one of them may write a diss track. Diss tracks are most popular in the hip-hop genre.

## Examples of diss tracks

- John Lennon of The Beatles' "How Do You Sleep?" targeted towards Paul McCartney (1971)
- Wild Man Fischer's "Frank" targeted towards Frank Zappa (1980)
- 2pac and The Outlawz' "Hit Em Up" targeted towards Lil' Kim, The Notorious B.I.G. and many others (1996)
- Gwen Stefani's Hollaback Girl targeted towards Courtney Love (2005)
- Nicki Minaj's Roman's Revenge targeted towards Lil' Kim (2010)
- Taylor Swift's Bad Blood targeted towards Katy Perry (2015)
- Kanye West's Famous targeted towards Taylor Swift (2016)
- Taylor Swift's Look What You Made Me Do targeted towards Kanye West, Kim Kardashian, and Katy Perry (2017)
- PewDiePie's Bitch Lasagna targeted towards T-Series (2018)
- Lil Nas X and YoungBoy Never Broke Again's Late to da Party targeted towards Black Entertainment Television (2022)
Sailing the Seas of Cheese

***Sailing the Seas of Cheese*** is the second studio album by Primus. Primus is an American rock band. It was released on May 14, 1991. It was the first album the band made with Interscope Records. It had three singles: "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver", "Tommy the Cat", and "Those Damned Blue-Collar Tweekers".

The album was certified platinum by the RIAA. It went on the _Billboard_ 200, an American music chart. Les Claypool said that _Sailing the Seas of Cheese_ is one of his favorite Primus albums.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Sailing the Seas of Cheese
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Primus
- **released**: May 14, 1991
- **recorded**: August 2, 1990 - January 17, 1991
- **studio**: Fantasy Studios, Berkeley, California
- **length**: 45:43
- **label**: Interscope Records, Interscope
- **producer**: Primus
Daysleeper

"**Daysleeper**" is a 1998 song by alternative rock band R.E.M. and is the leading single from their 11th studio album _Up_. It went to number 1 in Iceland, number 5 in Canada, number 6 in the United Kingdom, number 9 in Belgium, number 12 in Norway, number 15 in Ireland, number 17 in Austria, number 18 in New Zealand and number 57 in Australia, Germany and the United States.

## Track listings

All songs were written by Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe.

**CD**
1. "Daysleeper" (Single edit) – 3:31
1. "Emphysema" – 4:21
1. "Why Not Smile" (_Oxford American_ version) – 2:59

**7-inch and cassette**
1. "Daysleeper" (Single edit) – 3:31
1. "Emphysema" – 4:21

**UK 3-inch CD**
1. "Daysleeper" (Single edit) – 3:31
1. "Sad Professor" (Live in the studio, Toast, San Francisco, California) – 3:58

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Daysleeper
- **type**: single
- **artist**: R.E.M. (band), R.E.M.
- **album**: Up (R.E.M. album), Up
- **b-side**: Emphysema
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **length**: 3:37
- **label**: Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros.
- **prev title**: How the West Was Won and Where It Got Us
- **prev year**: 1997
- **next title**: Lotus (R.E.M. song), Lotus
- **next year**: 1998
Jerry Was a Race Car Driver

"**Jerry Was a Race Car Driver**" is a song by Primus. Primus is an American rock band. The song was released as a single. It was the first single from the band's second album, _Sailing the Seas of Cheese_.

The song was played many times on rock music radio. It went onto _Billboard_<nowiki/>'s Modern Rock Tracks music chart in 1991. "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" has been put in many video games, such as _Tony Hawk's Pro Skater_ and _Rock Band 3_.

## Track listing

1. "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" – 3:11

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Jerry Was a Race Car Driver
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Primus
- **album**: Sailing the Seas of Cheese
- **released**: 1991
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **length**: 3:11
- **label**: Interscope Records, Interscope
- **writer**: Les Claypool, Larry LaLonde, Tim Alexander
- **producer**: Primus
I'd Die to Be with You Tonight

"**I'd Die to Be with You Tonight**" is a 1985 song by Australian singer Jimmy Barnes. It is the leading single from his second studio album _For the Working Class Man_. It went to number 7 in Australia and number 16 in New Zealand.

## Track listing

**7" Single (K-9819)**
- Side A "I'd Die to Be with You Tonight" - 3:54
- Side B "Vision" - 3:08

**12" /Maxi (X 14248)**
- Side A "I'd Die to Be with You Tonight" (Extended)
- Side B1 "Resurrection Shuffle"
- Side B2 "Vision" - 3:08

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: I'd Die to Be with You Tonight
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Jimmy Barnes
- **album**: For the Working Class Man
- **b-side**: Vision
- **released**: 26 August 1985
- **studio**: Rhinoceros
- **length**: 3:54
- **label**: Mushroom Records, Mushroom
- **writer**: Chas Sandford
- **producer**: *Chas Sandford
*Gary Gersh
- **prev title**: Daylight (Jimmy Barnes song), Daylight
- **prev year**: 1985
- **next title**: Working Class Man
- **next year**: 1985
Alpamysh

**Alpamysh**, also spelled as **Alpamish** or **Alpamis**, is a Turkic epic poem. It is one of the most notable examples of Turkic oral literature.
Bittersweet Me

"**Bittersweet Me**" is a 1996 song by alternative rock band R.E.M. and is the second single from their tenth studio album _New Adventures in Hi-Fi_. It went to number 5 in Iceland, number 6 in Canada, number 19 in the United Kingdom, number 20 in Ireland, number 46 in the United States and number 90 in Australia.

## Track listings

All songs were written by Berry, Buck, Mills, and Stipe unless otherwise indicated.

- **7-inch, cassette, and CD single**
1. "Bittersweet Me" – 4:06
1. "Undertow" (live)<sup>1</sup> – 5:05

- **12-inch and CD maxi-single**
1. "Bittersweet Me" – 4:06
1. "Undertow" (live)<sup>1</sup> – 5:05
1. "Wichita Lineman" (Webb) (live)<sup>2</sup>  – 3:18
1. "New Test Leper" (live acoustic)<sup>3</sup> – 5:29

### Notes

<sup>1</sup> Recorded at the Omni Theater, Atlanta, Georgia; November 18, 1995. Taken from the live performance video, _Road Movie_.

<sup>2</sup> Recorded at The Woodlands, Houston, Texas; September 15, 1995.

<sup>3</sup> Recorded at Bad Animals Studio, Seattle, Washington; April 19, 1996.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Bittersweet Me
- **type**: single
- **artist**: R.E.M. (band), R.E.M.
- **album**: New Adventures in Hi-Fi
- **b-side**: Undertow (Live)
- **recorded**: November 7, 1995
- **studio**: Memphis, Tennessee, Memphis soundcheck
- **length**: 4:06
- **label**: Warner Records, Warner Bros.
- **prev title**: E-Bow the Letter
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: Electrolite
- **next year**: 1997
Apsara

**Apsara** are female water spirits in Hinduism and Buddhism. They are usually depicted dancing and are prominent in sculpture, literature, dance, and art of Indian and Southeast Asian cultures.