juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Administrative law

**Administrative law** (also called ** regulatory law**) covers a wide range of procedures by administrative agencies. These agencies include city, county, state or federal government bodies. They may be called commissions, departments, divisions or boards.

Each may have its own rules and regulations which are usually not found in statutes. These are based on laws passed by a government. Agencies also have the power to enforce these rules and regulations.

## United States

Congress or state legislatures pass laws, sometimes on complicated issues. The details of how these laws are to be enforced is left to administrative agencies. For example, a government agency, the Social Security Administration (SSA) was created August 14, 1935 by an act of Congress. They were given the authority to administer Social Security benefits and disability laws. They have passed a body of rules and regulations that determine how benefits will be handled.

## European Union

The rules created by the European Union are carried out by an _ad hoc_ collection of agencies. These rules may be for a particular treaty or for things such as trade policy. These agencies evolve on a policy-by-policy basis.
Blood pheasant

The **blood pheasant** (_Ithaginis cruentus_) is a small, short-tailed pheasant. It fairly common in the eastern Himalayas. Its range is across the northern parts of India, Nepal, Bhutan and China. The total number of birds is slowly decreasing. For this reason the species has been evaluated as Least Concern by IUCN in 2009. It is the national bird of the former kingdom of Sikkim. The blood pheasant is the only species in the genus _Ithaginis_ of the pheasant family.

## Habitat

Blood pheasants like to live in coniferous or mixed forests and scrub areas near the snowline. They move their range depending on the seasons. They are found at higher elevations during the summer.
Mal Whitfield

**Malvin Greston Whitfield** (October 11, 1924 – November 18, 2015) was an American former athlete and goodwill ambassador. He was the Olympic champion in the 800 metres at the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics. Overall, he is a five-time Olympic medalist (three gold, one silver, one bronze).

Whitfield was born in Bay City, Texas. He moved at age 4 to Watts, Los Angeles. He joined the United States Army Air Forces in 1943 as a member of the Tuskegee Airmen. After World War II he remained in the military, but also enrolled at the Ohio State University. He served inn the Korean War. Whitfield died under hospice care in Washington, D.C. on the night of November 18, 2015 from heart failure, aged 91.

## Other websites

- Mal Whitfield's profile at Sports Reference.com
Abdelhamid Abaaoud

**Abdelhamid Abaaoud** (8 April 1987 – 18 November 2015) was a Belgian Islamic terrorist. He spent his early years in a nicer household, went to a private college and decided to join ISIS After his family advised against his decision. After which His Family disowned him stating that they hope That He was dead .He was suspected of having organized multiple terror attacks in Belgium and France, including the November 2015 Paris attacks. He also went by the names **Abou Omar Soussi** (, meaning "from Sous", his Moroccan family's place of origin) and **Abou Omar el-Beljiki** (, meaning Abou Omar the Belgian).

On 18 November French authorities conducted a raid which ended in the injury of five police officers, two deaths and five arrests. The raid took place in the suburb of Saint-Denis, near Paris, and targeted Abaaoud. Abaaoud was one of those who died in the raid.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Abdelhamid Abaaoud
- **caption**: undated photo of Abaaoud in Syria
- **birth date**: 8 April 1987
- **birth place**: Sint-Jans-Molenbeek, Brussels, Belgium
- **death place**: Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, France
- **death cause**: Ballistic trauma
- **nationality**: Belgian-Moroccan
- **other names**: Abdel-Hamid Abu Oud
Battery (crime)

**Battery** is the intentional and offensive or harmful contact with another person. The exact definition varies by jurisdiction. In criminal law the elements of battery are physical contact that causes harm or offensive contact without that person's consent. Battery is often confused with assault which is threatening battery. Battery is when the threat (assault) is carried out and the person is harmed in some way. Criminal battery and civil battery may be the same or differ slightly depending on jurisdiction. In many cases the act of battery can result in both criminal and civil liability.

## Civil vs Criminal battery

Civil battery is a tort. It is a wrong committed against another person that results in damage. It is also called an intentional tort. In most cases they are the result of negligence, caused by carelessness or recklessness. The person on whom the battery was committed, the victim, may bring a lawsuit in court to collect monetary damages.

Criminal battery is the result of breaking a law regarding harming another person. Criminal cases are prosecuted by the state. There are four elements to criminal battery:
- Touching which is harmful or offensive.
- Contact was to the victim's person.
- Intent, that the act was deliberate.
- Causation, that something happened as a result of the act.
If all four elements can be proved, a _prima facie_ case exists to go ahead and prosecute the offender.

In most cases the civil lawsuit follows a criminal trial. A person found not-guilty in a criminal trial does not prevent the victim from filing a civil suit. The burden of proof is usually lower in a civil court than in a criminal court.

## Aggravated battery vs simple battery

When a court refers to 'battery', what is usually meant is simple battery. Simple battery is more often a misdemeanor. The elements of simple battery include:
- The use of force that is unauthorized or unlawful.
- Battery to the person of another.
- There is a physical injury or touching in an offensive manner.

Aggravated battery is more serious than simple battery. In most jurisdictions aggravated battery is a felony.  What defines aggravated battery can vary, but most often in includes:
- The use of a deadly weapon.
- Cases where the result is serious bodily injury.
- The battery involves a hate crime
- Battery is committed against a vulnerable person: a child, an elderly person, or a pregnant woman.
- Battery committed against police officer is it usually considered aggravated battery.
Salatyn Asgarova

**Salatyn Aziz qizi Asgarova** (; ; 16 December 1961 – 9 January 1991) is a National Hero of Azerbaijan. She was one of the Azerbaijani journalists killed in the Nagorno-Karabakh War.

## Legacy

A Baku street and a ship in the Caspian Sea are named after her.

A monument in her memory was erected at Tafakkur University in Baku.

She was given the National Hero title after her death. Salatyn was buried in the Martyrs' Lane in Baku.

## Infobox (journalist)

- **name**: Salatyn Asgarova
Salatın Əsgərova
- **birth place**: Baku, Azerbaijan
- **death place**: 6th km of Lachin-Shusha highway, next to Böyük Galadərəsi village
- **occupation**: Journalist
- **children**: Jeyhun Asgarov
- **nationality**: Azerbaijani people, Azerbaijani
- **awards**:  National Hero of Azerbaijan (1991)
Shadi Sadr

**Shadi Sadr** (; born 1974) is an Iranian human rights lawyer, journalist, and activist for women's rights.  In 2010 Sadr received the International Women of Courage Award.

## Life

Shadi Sadr was born in Tehran, Iran in 1974. She studied law, and she received a master's degree in international law from Tehran University in 1999. In 2009, Sadr went to live in Germany.

## Work

Sadr is an expert on women's legal rights in Iran. She was director of Raahi, a legal advice center for women.  It is now closed.  Sadr also started _Women in Iran_, a website about women's rights in Iran.  As a lawyer, she defended several women activists and journalists in court, after they were sentenced to death.

Sadr worked to stop capital punishment by stoning, especially of women.  The name of this project was _End Stoning Forever_. This project was started by _Women's Field_, a women's rights group.

After the Bam earthquake in 2003, Sadr helped collect food and supplies for women and children in the area.

Sadr was the defense lawyer for Shiva Nazar Ahari, a human rights activist and member of the Committee of Human Rights Reporters.  Nazar Ahari was arrested on 14 June 2009. and is believed to be in Evin Prison.

### First arrest

In March 2007, the Iranian government arrested 33 women, including Shadi Sadr.  The women were protesting against the trial of five women who demonstrated for women's rights in the One Million Signatures protest of 12 June 2006. Sadr was in jail for fifteen days.  Then she was freed on bail with Mahbubeh Abbasgholizadeh.

### Second arrest

On 17 July 2009, Shadi Sadr was arrested again.  She was going to Friday prayers with other female activists. Some military men in civilian clothes stopped her.  They did not say who they were.  They beat her and put her in a car. She got away, but they got her again and put her in the car again.  Then they took her somewhere, although she did not know where they took her, she was later able to call her husband. She was released 11 days later on July 28, 2009.

## Awards

- In 2004, Sadr received the Ida B. Wells Award for Bravery in Journalism from Women's eNews 21 Leaders for the 21st Century.
- In 2009, she received the Lech Walesa Prize for human rights, freedom of expression, and democracy in Iran from the Lech Walesa Institute Foundation.

- She received a Dutch human rights prize, the Human Rights Defenders Tulip, on November 9, 2009.

- In 2010 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

## Other websites

- Women's Field
- Interview with Shadi Sadr: Collecting Evidence for Crimes against Humanity
- 2010 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Neurosecretion

**Neurosecretion** is when nerve cells make, store and release hormones.

The hormonal system of the body is almost entirely controlled by the central nervous system. It normally does this by sending nerve impulses down axons to a gland. However, some special nerve cells can make hormones themselves, and deliver them to glands which act as storage organs. The neurons of the neuroendocrine system are large; they are mini factories for producing secretory products. These cells are called **neurosecretory cells**, and they make **neurohormones**.

Most neurohormones are secreted from nerve cells in the hypothalamus of the brain which (either immediately, or after storage) circulate in the blood. They are similar to normal endocrine cells and glands because they regulate both endocrine and nonendocrine cells.

There are also neuroendocrine cells in the adrenal glands, which are just above the kidneys. They are called chromaffin cells, and they release epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
Ironclad warship

An **ironclad** is a ship protected by iron or steel armor plates. The first recorded use of an ironclad was during the Japanese invasion of Korea. Western use of ironclads began about the second half of the 19th century. The Western ironclad  was developed because up to then wooden warships were easily damaged by explosive or incendiary shells.

## History

In 1592 Admiral Yi Sun-sin put armor plates on his "tortoise-ships". These protected the sides and top from bullets, arrows and fire. This allowed his small fleet to be victorious in several battles with the Japanese fleet. The first Western ironclad battleship, "Gloire", was launched by the French Navy in November 1859. The British Admiralty had been considering armored warships since 1856. They prepared a draft design for an armored corvette in 1857. In early 1859 the Royal Navy started building two iron-hulled armored frigates, and by 1861 had made the decision to move to an all-armored battle fleet. After the first clashes of ironclads (both with wooden ships and with one another) took place in 1862 during the American Civil War. It became clear that the ironclad had replaced the unarmored ship of the line as the most powerful warship afloat. This type of ship would come to be very successful in the American Civil War.

By the 1870s, ironclads were the main warships of the world's most powerful Navies. But the ironclad era only lasted about 50 years. By the 1890s most sailing ironclads had been replaced by modern battleships.
Noble orchid

The **Noble Orchid** (_Cymbidium goeringii_) is a cold hardy evergreen Orchid. It is a dwarf plant that blooms in the spring. Its petals are green, yellow-green or brown. It has pseudobulbs found below ground. The leaves are long and grass-like with serrated edges. It is found growing as far north as Okushiri Island (42 degrees north latitude). It can stand freezing temperatures over the winter months. It has been grown in China for over 2500 years, dating back before the time of Confucius. In Japan it has been cultivated for several hundred years. In Europe the earliest records date it to 1780.
Ahmad

**Ahmed (**[ˈɑːmɛd], Ah-med**)**, also spelt Ahmad and Ahmet, is an Arabic word meaning "highly praised". The spellings are Ahmad, Ahmet and Ahmed. Ahmad's popularity ranking in 2021 was 688.

It is used in Arabic countries like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Palestine, Libya and Algeria.

## People

- Ahmad Jannati, the secretary of the Guardian Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran
- Ahmad Rashād, American sportscaster for NBC Sports and former professional football player
- Ahmad Khatami, member of the Iranian Assembly of Experts
- Ahmad Shamlou, Persian poet, writer and journalist
- Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, Sierra Leonean politician
- Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Muslim jurist and theologian (780–855)
- Ahmad Abdollahzadeh, Iranian association football player

## Infobox (given name2)

- **name**: <small>Ahmad and Ahmed</small>
- **how to say**: , or
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
- **gender**: Male
- **meaning**: _Highly praised_
- **language**: Arabic
- **variant**: Achmad, Achmat, Achmed, Achmet, Ahmat, Ahmet, Ahmadu, Amadou
Beata Szydło

**Beata Maria Szydło** (*15th April 1963 in Oświęcim, Poland) - is a Polish politician, deputy of Parliament of Poland since 2005. She became Prime Minister of Poland on 16 November 2015. She's a member of Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice). She left the Prime Minister office on 11 December 2017 and was replaced by Mateusz Morawiecki.

## Education

In 1987 Szydło finished studies in ethnography at The Jagiellonian University in Kraków. From 1989 until 1995 she was a PhD student. In 1997 she finished postgraduate studies for managers of culture at Warsaw School of Economics. In 2001 she finished Cracow University of Economics - management of local government in the European Union.

In 2004 she participated in the International Visitor Leadership Program.

## Political activity until 2015

In 1998 she became mayor of community Gmina Brzeszcze. In 2005 she joined Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice) and she was elected the deputy of Polish parliament. She renewed parliamentary mandate in 2007.

In the 2011 parliamentary election Szydło remained the position of deputy. She received 43 612 votes. She renewed mandate in 2015. She was designated as the candidate for Prime Minister of Poland.

## Prime Minister of Poland

On 13 November 2015, the President of Poland Andrzej Duda nominated Szydło for Prime Minister of Poland. On 16 November she was established for the position. On 18 November her government received a vote of confidence and she delivered an exposé. In December 2017, she was replaced by Mateusz Morawiecki as Prime Minister.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Beata Szydło
- **image**: V4 Prague 2015-12-03 - Beata Szydło (cropped 2).jpg
- **office**: Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland, Deputy Prime Minister of Poland
- **primeminister**: Mateusz Morawiecki
- **term start**: 11 December 2017
- **term end**: 4 June 2019
- **predecessor**: Mateusz Morawiecki
- **successor**: Jacek Sasin
- **office1**: Prime Minister of Poland
- **president1**: Andrzej Duda
- **deputy1**: Piotr Gliński
Mateusz Morawiecki
Jarosław Gowin
- **term start1**: 16 November 2015
- **term end1**: 11 December 2017
- **predecessor1**: Ewa Kopacz
- **successor1**: Mateusz Morawiecki
- **office2**: Member of the Sejm, Polish Parliament for Chrzanów (parliamentary constituency), Chrzanów
- **term start2**: 25 September 2005
- **office3**: Member of the European Parliament
- **term start3**: 2 July 2019
- **constituency3**: Lesser Poland and Świętokrzyskie (European Parliament constituency), Lesser Poland and Świętokrzyskie
- **predecessor3**: Edward Czesak
- **birth name**: Beata Maria Kusińska
- **birth place**: Oświęcim, Poland
- **party**: Law and Justice
- **spouse**: Edward Szydło
- **children**: Tymoteusz
Błażej
- **alma mater**: Jagiellonian University
Codification (law)

In law, **codification** is the process of collecting and restating the law of a jurisdiction. They are listed, usually by subject, forming a legal code (a codex  or book of law). Codification is the defining feature of civil law jurisdictions.

## History

Ancient Sumer's Code of Ur-Nammu was compiled  2100-2050 BC. It is the earliest known surviving civil code. Three centuries later, the Babylonian king Hammurabi enacted the set of laws named after him.

Religious laws such as the Torah were codified. Important codifications were developed in the ancient Roman Empire, with the compilations of the Lex Duodecim Tabularum. Much later the Corpus Iuris Civilis was assembled. These codified laws were the exceptions rather than the rule. During much of ancient history the Roman laws were left mostly uncodified.

The first _permanent_ system of codified laws could be found in China. This was with the compilation of the _Tang Code_ in AD 624. This formed the basis of the Chinese criminal code. This was then replaced by the _Great Qing Legal Code_. This code was in turn abolished in 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution and the establishment of the Republic of China. The new laws of the Republic of China were inspired by the German codified work, the _Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch_. A very influential example in Europe was the French Napoleonic code of 1804.

Another early system of laws is Hindu law framed by Manu and called as Manu Smriti. They date back to the 2nd century BC. The use of civil codes in Islamic Sharia law began with the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century AD.
Armand (singer)

**Herman George van Loenhout** (10 April 1946 – 19 November 2015), better known as **Armand**, was a Dutch protest singer. He was born in Eindhoven. His greatest hit song was "Ben ik te min" ("_Am I not worthy?_"). He mostly sang songs about legalizing marijuana in The Netherlands.

Armand died in Eindhoven of pneumonia at the age of 69.
Kitanoumi Toshimitsu

**Kitanoumi Toshimitsu** (北の湖敏満 _Obata Toshimitsu_; May 16, 1953 – November 20, 2015) was a Japanese sumo wrestler. He was the dominant _yokozuna_ in sumo during the 1970s. Kitanoumi was promoted to _yokozuna_ at age 21, becoming the youngest ever to achieve sumo's top rank, and he remained a _yokozuna_ for a record 63 tournaments.

He won 24 tournament championships during his career. Following his retirement in 1985 he established Kitanoumi stable. He was chairman of the Japan Sumo Association from 2002 until 2008, and from 2012 until his death.

Kitanoumi died of multiple organ failure caused by colorectal cancer on the evening of November 20, 2015, aged 62. He was in Fukuoka for the Kyushu tournament and was taken to hospital for anemia in the morning, after which his condition deteriorated.

## Other websites

- Japan Sumo Association profile
- Article on Kitanoumi
Keith Michell

**Keith Michell** (1 December 1926 – 20 November 2015) was an Australian actor. He was best known for his television and movie roles as King Henry VIII of England. He was born in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Michell made appearances on the mystery series _Murder, She Wrote_, playing Dennis Stanton.  He was the artistic director of the Chichester Festival Theatre from 1974 to 1977.

Michell died on 20 November 2015 in London, England of a heart attack, aged 88.
Allen E. Ertel

**Allen Edward Ertel** (November 7, 1936 – November 19, 2015) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He was a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania serving from January 3, 1977 through January 3, 1983. He lost re-election to Republican George Gekas in an upset election.

Ertel died from a heart attack in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, aged 79.
A Head Full of Dreams

***A Head Full of Dreams*** is the seventh hit studio album by rock-pop band Coldplay. Coldplay recorded _A Head Full of Dreams_ from summer 2014 to autumn 2015. The single "Adventure of a Lifetime" is featured in the album. The album was released on December 4, 2015.

### Original track list for _A Head Full of Dreams_

1. "A Head Full of Dreams"
1. "Birds"
1. "Hymn for the Weekend"
1. "Everglow"
1. "Adventure of a Lifetime"
1. "Fun"
1. "Kaleidoscope"
1. "Army of One"
    - "X Marks the Spot" (Hidden track)
1. "Amazing Day"
1. "Colour Spectrum"
1. "Up&Up"

### _Japanese Version bonus track_

1. "Miracles"

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: A Head Full of Dreams
- **type**: album
- **artist**: Coldplay
- **released**: 4 December 2015
- **recorded**: Summer 2014 – Autumn 2015
- **genre**: Pop, pop rock
- **length**: 45:45
- **label**: Parlophone
- **prev title**: Ghost Stories
(2014)
John Langdon

**John Langdon** (June 26, 1741September 18, 1819) was an American politician. He was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention signed the United States Constitution.

He was a politician born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He was one of the first two United States senators from that state. Langdon was an early supporter of the Revolutionary War and served in the Continental Congress.

After being in Congress for 12 years, including serving as the first president pro tempore of the Senate. Langdon became governor of New Hampshire. He turned down a nomination for vice presidential candidate in 1812.

Langdon died in Portsmouth, New Hampshire from pneumonia at the age of 78.

## Other websites

- Governor John Langdon House, Historic New England
- "The Founding Fathers: New Hampshire." U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.<small>http://www.lib.virginia.edu/speccol/exhibits/mellon/acquiring.html </small>
- State Builders: An Illustrated Historical and Biographical Record of the State of New Hampshire. State Builers Publishing Manchester, NH 1903
- Mayo, Lawrence Shaw. _John Langdon of New Hampshire_. Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, 1937.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Langdon
- **image**: John langdon.jpg
- **imagesize**: 245px
- **office**: 1st President pro tempore of the United States Senate, President pro tempore of the United States Senate
- **term start**: April 6, 1789
- **term end**: August 9, 1789
- **president**: George Washington
- **predecessor**: None
- **successor**: Richard Henry Lee
- **term start2**: November 5, 1792
- **term end2**: December 2, 1793
- **president2**: George Washington
- **predecessor2**: Richard Henry Lee
- **successor2**: Ralph Izard
- **order3**: United States Senate, United States Senator
from New Hampshire
- **term start3**: April 6, 1789
- **term end3**: March 3, 1801
- **predecessor3**: None
- **successor3**: James Sheafe
- **order4**: 2nd Governor of New Hampshire
- **term start4**: June 1, 1785
- **term end4**: June 7, 1786
- **predecessor4**: Meshech Weare
- **successor4**: John Sullivan (general), John Sullivan
- **term start5**: June 4, 1788
- **term end5**: January 22, 1789
- **predecessor5**: John Sullivan (general), John Sullivan
- **successor5**: John Sullivan (general), John Sullivan
- **term start6**: June 6, 1805
- **term end6**: June 8, 1809
- **predecessor6**: John Taylor Gilman
- **successor6**: Jeremiah Smith (lawyer), Jeremiah Smith
- **term start7**: June 5, 1810
- **term end7**: June 5, 1812
- **predecessor7**: Jeremiah Smith (lawyer), Jeremiah Smith
- **successor7**: William Plumer
- **birth place**: Portsmouth, New Hampshire
- **death place**: Portsmouth, New Hampshire
- **resting place**: North Cemetery, Portsmouth
- **party**: Pro-Administration
Anti-Administration Party (United States), Anti-Administration
Democratic-Republican Party, Democratic-Republican
- **signature**: John Langdon Signature.svg
Balakh Sher Mazari

**Sardar Mir Balakh Sher Mazari** () (8 July 1928 – 4 November 2022) was a Pakistani politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 18 April 1993 through 26 May 1993. He replaced Nawaz Sharif.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Balakh Sher Mazar.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **name**: Sardar Mir Balakh Sher Mazari
- **office**: Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan
- **president**: Ghulam Ishaq Khan
- **term start**: 18 April 1993
- **term end**: 26 May 1993
- **predecessor**: Nawaz Sharif
- **successor**: Nawaz Sharif
- **birth place**: Kot Karam Khan, Punjab Province (British India), Punjab, British Raj, British India
(now in Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan)
- **party**: Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
- **relations**: Dost Muhammad Mazari (grandson)
 Sherbaz Khan Mazari (brother)
Sardar Riaz Mehmood Khan Mazari   (son) Sardar Zahid Mehmood khan Mazari (son)
Ameen Faheem

**Makhdoom Muhammad Ameen Faheem** (; _alt. spelling_: Amin Fahim; 4 August 1939 – 21 November 2015), was an Pakistani populist left-wing figure and a poet and Spiritual leader, He was the senior vice-chairman of Pakistan Peoples Party. He was also the chairman of Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians and former chairman of Alliance for Restoration of Democracy. He served as the Commerce Minister of Pakistan serving from 3 November 2008 through 16 March 2013.

## Early life and education

born on August 4, 1939 in Hala Sindh, Pakistan, was the eldest son of Makhdoom Muhammad Zaman,

## Death

Faheem died on 21 November 2015 from leukemia after being admitted to a hospital in Karachi, Pakistan under ICU at the age of 76.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Makhdoom Muhammad Ameen Faheem
- **native name lang**: مخدوم محمد امین فہیم
- **image**: Makhdoom Amin Faheem - Horasis Global Arab Business Meeting 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Faheem at the Horasis Global Arab Business Meeting in 2012
- **order**: Commerce Minister of Pakistan, Minister of Commerce and Chambers
- **term start**: 3 November 2008
- **term end**: 16 March 2013
- **birth place**: Hala, Sindh, Hala, Sindh, Commissariat Sindh, British India
- **death place**: Karachi, Pakistan
- **birthname**: Makhdoom Muhammad Ameen Faheem
- **nationality**: Pakistani (1947-2015)
- **party**: Pakistan Peoples Party
- **residence**: Hala
- **alma mater**: University of Sindh
- **profession**: Poet, Politician,
- **predecessor**: Makhdoom Muhammad Zaman
Tamarillo

**Tamarillo** is a shrub or tree in the flowering species Solanaceae. It bears an egg-shaped edible fruit, also called a tamarillo. The fruit is about 4-10 centimeters long. The taste is similar to that of a tomato, but with less sweet and more of a salty flavour.

The tamarillo is native to the Andes of Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Chile,  and Bolivia.
Great Wall

The **Great Walls** are the largest known structures in the universe. They are based on  data set mapping of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The mapping found an unusually high concentration of similarly distanced GRBs in certain areas.

Structures larger than  1,200,000,000 light years are incompatible with the cosmological principle according to all estimates.

|style="background:#efefef; white-space:nobr;"|Structure name (year discovered)|style="background:#ffdead;"|Maximum dimension (in light years)|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall (2014)|10,000,000,000|Discovered through gamma-ray burst mapping, and is the first structure to exceed 10 billion light years.|||
|Giant GRB Ring (2015)|5,600,000,000|Discovered through gamma-ray burst mapping. Largest known regular formation in the observable Universe.|||
|Huge-LQG (2012-2013)|4,000,000,000|Decoupling of 73 quasars. Largest known large quasar group and the first structure found to exceed 3 billion light years.|||
|U1.11 LQG (2011)|2,500,000,000|Involves 38 quasars. Adjacent to the Clowes-Campusano LQG.|||
|Clowes-Campusano LQG (1991)|2,000,000,000|Grouping of 34 quasars. Discovered by Roger Clowes and Luis Campusano.|||
|Sloan Great Wall (2003)|1,370,000,000|Discovered through the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.|||
|Pisces-Cetus Supercluster Complex (1987)|1,000,000,000|Contains the Milky Way, and is the first galaxy filament to be discovered. (The first LQG was found earlier in 1982.) A new report in 2014 confirms the Milky Way as a member of Laniakea Supercluster.|||
|CfA2 Great Wall (1989)|750,000,000|Also known as the _Coma Wall_|||
|Laniakea Supercluster (2014)|520,000,000|Galaxy supercluster in which the Earth is located|||
|Horologium Supercluster (2005)|550,000,000|Also known as _Horologium-Reticulum Supercluster_.|||
Cosmological principle

In modern physical cosmology, the **cosmological principle** is a prediction based on the idea that the universe is about the same in all places when viewed on a large scale.

Forces are expected to act uniformly throughout the universe. There should, therefore, be no observable irregularities in the large scale structure. The structure is the result of the evolution of the matter field after the Big Bang.

Astronomer William Keel explains:

> The cosmological principle is usually stated formally as 'Viewed on a sufficiently large scale, the properties of the universe are the same for all observers.' This amounts to the strongly philosophical statement that the part of the universe which we can see is a fair sample, and that the same physical laws apply throughout.

The two testable consequences of the cosmological principle are homogeneity and isotropy. Homogeneity means that the same observational evidence is available to observers at different locations in the universe ("the part of the universe which we can see is a fair sample"). Isotropy means that the same observational evidence is available by looking in any direction in the universe ("the same physical laws apply throughout"). The principles are closely related, because a universe that appears isotropic from any two (for a spherical geometry, three) locations must also be homogeneous.
Innervisions

***Innervisions*** is the sixteenth studio album by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was released August 3, 1973 by Tamla. Wonder would release his next album _Fulfillingness' First Finale_ the following year. All of the songs on _Innverisions_ were written by Wonder.

## Reviews

_Innervisions_ received positive reviews from music critics.

## Track listing

All songs written, produced, and arranged by Stevie Wonder.

- Side one
1. "Too High" – 4:36
    - <small>Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Fender Rhodes, harmonica, drums, Moog bass</small>
    - <small>Lani Groves – background vocal</small>
    - <small>Tasha Thomas – background vocal</small>
    - <small>Jim Gilstrap – background vocal</small>
1. "Visions" – 5:23
    - <small>Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Fender Rhodes</small>
    - <small>Malcolm Cecil – upright bass</small>
    - <small>Dean Parks – acoustic guitar</small>
    - <small>David T. Walker – electric guitar</small>
1. "Living for the City" – 7:22
    - <small>Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocals, Fender Rhodes, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer, handclaps</small>
1. "Golden Lady" – 4:40
    - <small>Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer</small>
    - <small>Clarence Bell – Hammond organ</small>
    - <small>Ralph Hammer – acoustic guitar</small>
    - <small>Larry "Nastyee" Latimer – congas</small>

- Side two
1. "Higher Ground" – 3:42
    - <small>Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass</small>
1. "Jesus Children of America" – 4:10
    - <small>Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender rhodes, Hohner clavinet, handclaps, drums, Moog bass</small>
1. "All in Love Is Fair" – 3:41
    - <small>Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano, Fender Rhodes, drums</small>
    - <small>Scott Edwards – electric bass</small>
1. "Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing" – 4:44
    - <small>Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, drums, Moog bass</small>
    - <small>Yusuf Roahman – shaker</small>
    - <small>Sheila Wilkerson – bongos, Latin gourd</small>
1. "He's Misstra Know-It-All" – 5:35
    - <small>Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, drums, handclaps, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer, congas</small>
    - <small>Willie Weeks – electric bass</small>

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Innervisions
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Stevie Wonder
- **released**: August 3, 1973
- **recorded**: The Record Plant
<small>(Los Angeles, California)</small>
Media Sound Studios
<small>(New York, New York)</small>
- **length**: 44:12
- **label**: Motown, Tamla
- **prev title**: Talking Book
(1972)
- **next title**: Fulfillingness' First Finale
(1974)
Lube Volleyball Club

**Cucine Lube Civitanova** is a professional volleyball team based in Civitanova Marche, Italy. Since 1995, the club has been playing in Serie A of Italian Volleyball League. Club won Italian Championship three times, Italian Cup four-times, Italian SuperCup three-times, CEV Champions League in 2002, 2019, CEV Cup in 2002, 2005, 2006, CEV Challenge Cup 2011 and FIVB Men's Club World Volleyball Championship in 2019.

## Honours

- **Italian Volleyball League** (5)
    - **1. place:** 2005/2006, 2011/2012, 2013/2014, 2016/2017, 2018/2019
- **Italian Volleyball Cup** (5)
    - **1. place:** 2000/2001, 2002/2003, 2007/2008, 2008/2009, 2016/2017
- **Italian SuperCup** (4)
    - **1. place:** 2005/2006, 2007/2008, 2011/2012, 2014/2015
- **CEV Champions League** (2)
    - **1. place:** 2001/2002, 2018-2019
- **FIVB Club World Championship** (1)
    - **1. place:** 2019
- **CEV Cup** (3)
    - **1. place:** 2000/2001, 2004/2005, 2005/2006
- **CEV Challenge Cup** (1)
    - **1. place:** 2010/2011

## Former names

|**1990-1994**|Lube Carima Treia|
| --- | --- |
|**1994-1995**|Lube Carima Macerata|
|**1995-2012**|Lube Banca Marche Macerata|
|**2012-2014**|Cucine Lube Banca Marche Macerata|
|**2014-2015**|Cucine Lube Banca Marche Treia|
|**2015-2016**|Cucine Lube Banca Marche Civitanova|
|**2016-present**|Cucine Lube Civitanova|

### 2015/2016

|**Coach:**|Gianlorenzo Blengini|
| --- | --- |
|**Second coach:**|Gianfranco D'Amico|
|**Coach of physical preparation:**|Massimo Merazzi|
|**Scoutman:**|Matteo Carancini|
|**Manager:**|Claudio Leonardi|

|No.|style="width:15em"|Name|style="width:13em"|Date of birth|style="width:9em"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||align=right|opposite||||
|||align=right|outside hitter||||
|||align=right|outside hitter||||
|||align=right|middle blocker||||
|||align=right|middle blocker||||
|||align=right|outside hitter||||
|10||align=right|opposite||||
|11||align=right|setter||||
|12||align=right|middle blocker||||
|13||align=right|libero||||
|15||align=right|setter||||
|16||align=right|outside hitter||||
|17||align=right|opposite||||
|18||align=right|middle blocker||||

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (volleyball club)

- **clubname**: Cucine Lube Civitanova
- **fullname**: Cucine Lube Civitanova
- **founded**: 1990
- **ground**: Eurosuole Forum
Civitanova Marche
- **chairman**: Simona Sileoni
- **league**: Italian Volleyball League
- **website**: http://www.lubevolley.it/
- **pattern b1**: _redwhitestriped_sides
- **leftarm1**: FFFFFF
- **body1**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm1**: FFFFFF
- **shorts1**: FF0000
- **pattern b2**: _blueredstriped_sides
- **leftarm2**: 000000
- **body2**: 000000
- **rightarm2**: 000000
- **shorts2**: 000000
- **update**: May 2014
25 (Adele album)

***25*** is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Adele. It was released on November 20, 2015.  There are eleven tracks on the album.  The lead single from the album, "Hello", was released on October 23, 2015. It reached number one in the UK, US, Canada, and Australia. It was number one across Europe including Germany, France, Russia and Italy. It hit number ten in Japan. _25_ marks Adele's return to music after her recording of the Bond theme "Skyfall" in 2012, along with the birth of her son Angelo that year.  She has worked with producers who have worked with Pink, Kelly Clarkson, Britney Spears, and Taylor Swift.  She also worked with Bruno Mars on the song "All I Ask".  Five other songs charted from the album on the _Billboard_ Hot 100, even though they were not released as singles at the time.  They were "Send My Love (To Your New Lover)", "When We Were Young", "Remedy", "All I Ask", and "Water Under the Bridge".

_25_ has officially broken the record for the most albums sold in a week in the US by selling 3.38 million copies.  It has gone on to sell over 4 million copies in the US alone after only two weeks of release.  The album has been certified Diamond in the United States for sales and streams of more than 10 million copies in that country alone.  The album was not made available on streaming sites such as Spotify and Apple Music.  On November 20, 2016, a year after _25_ was released, _Billboard_ reported that the album sold over 9.1 million copies in the US alone, not including any streams of the album.

Adele has stated that _25_ was a "make-up record," compared to her previous album, _21_, being a "breakup record."  The song "Sweetest Devotion" was written about her son Angelo, who was born in October 2012.

On December 14, 2015, _Billboard_ said that "When We Were Young" has been chosen as the second single from _25_. When this was announced, the song had charted as high as number 22 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 and reached number 14. It has been certified Platinum in the United States.

The third single, "Send My Love (To Your New Lover)", was released on May 16, 2016.  The music video premiered at the 2016 _Billboard_ Music Awards on May 22, where _25_ won the award for Top _Billboard_ 200 Album.  "Send My Love" reached number eight on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 in the US and the top five in the UK.  It was certified Platinum in the United States.

The fourth single, "Water Under the Bridge", was released on November 4, 2016.  So far, it reached number 51 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100.

_25_ won two awards at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017 for Best Pop Vocal Album and Album of the Year.

## Awards

**2017 — 59th Annual Grammy Awards**
- Album of the Year — **Won**
- Best Pop Vocal Album — **Won**

## Credits and personnel

- Vocals - Adele

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: 25
- **type**: studio album
- **artist**: Adele
- **released**: 20 November 2015
- **length**: 48:26
- **prev title**: Live from Royal Albert Hall
- **year**: 2015
- **prev year**: 2011
- **next title**: 30 (album), 30
- **next year**: 2021
Aswan Dam

**Aswan Dam** might refer to:
- Aswan Low Dam completed in 1902
- Aswan High Dam, completed in 1971
Walter Tull

**Walter Daniel John Tull** (28 April 1888 – 25 March 1918) was an English professional  footballer. He played as an inside forward for Tottenham Hotspur and Northampton Town. He was the second person of mixed race to play in the top division of the Football League. He was the first mixed-race British outfielder in the top division of English football. His professional football career began after he was spotted while playing for his local amateur club, Clapton F.C..  He began playing for Clapton in 1908. Within a few months he had won winners' medals in the FA Amateur Cup, London County Amateur Cup and London Senior Cup. In March 1909 the _Football Star_ called him "the catch of the season".

Tull was brought up in a National Children's Home orphanage in Bethnal Green, London, along with his brother. They were placed there following the death of their parents. He joined Tottenham in 1909 and transferred to Northampton Town in 1911, where he made 111 first-team appearances.

During the First World War, Tull served in the Footballers' Battalion of the Middlesex Regiment. He fought in the Battle of the Somme in 1916. Tull was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant on 30 May 1917. This was in spite of the fact there was a ban on black people being given that status.

Tull fought in Italy in 1917–18. He was noted for his "gallantry and coolness" while leading his company of 26 men on a raiding party into enemy territory. He returned to France in 1918. Tull was killed in action on 25 March during the Spring Offensive. His body was never recovered.

Campaigners have called for a statue to be erected in his honour. Northampton South MP Brian Binley has campaigned for Tull to be posthumously awarded the Military Cross. He was honoured with a commemorative plaque in London placed close to where he lived. A Walter Tull commemorative coin is part of a set of £5 coins released by the Royal Mint.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Walter Tull
- **image**: Walter Tull Epitaph, Sixfields Stadium, Northampton.jpg
- **birth place**: Folkestone, Kent, England
- **death place**: Pas-de-Calais, France
- **position**: Midfielder
- **years1**: 1908–09
- **clubs1**: Clapton F.C., Clapton
- **caps1**:  
- **years2**: 1909–1911
- **clubs2**: Tottenham Hotspur F.C., Tottenham Hotspur
- **caps2**: 10
- **goals2**: 2
- **years3**: 1911–14
- **clubs3**: Northampton Town F.C., Northampton Town
- **caps3**: 111
- **goals3**: 9
Westfield, Indiana

**Westfield** is a city in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,410.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Westfield, Indiana
- **nickname**: Crossroads of Indiana
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Westfield-indiana-downtown-bank.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Downtown Westfield in 2005
- **image map**: File:Hamilton County Indiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Westfield Highlighted 1882700.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Westfield in Hamilton County, Indiana.
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Indiana
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Indiana, County
- **subdivision name2**: Hamilton County, Indiana, Hamilton
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1834
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area land km2**: 82.57
- **area water km2**: 0.57
- **area total km2**: 83.14
- **area total sq mi**: 32.10
- **area land sq mi**: 31.88
- **area water sq mi**: 0.22
- **elevation ft**: 902
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population est**: 57,746
- **pop est as of**: 2023
- **population total**: 46410
- **population density km2**: 576.2
- **population density sq mi**: 1492.4
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 46074, 46032 (part), 46033 (part), 46062 (part)
- **area code**: Area code 317, 317
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 18-82700
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2397735
Moheener Ghoraguli

**Moheener Ghoraguli** were a Bengali independent music group that became famous in the 1990s. They performed for more than 10 years. They are famous for their lyrical theme. Most of their albums are concept albums, which means every song is linked through a theme. Their first album was the _Shongbigno Pakhikul O Kolkata Bishayak_, which was released in 1977. Their latest album is _Khyapar Gaan_, which was released in 1999. The band were named actually taken from a poem "Ghora" ('Horses') from the poetry book _Shatti Tarar Timir_ by the great modernist Bengali poet Jibanananda Das. In 2008, they played at a concert called Abar Bochhor Tirish Pore. The original line up was Gautam Chattopadhyay, Biswanath Chattopadhyay, Pradip Chattopadhyay, Ranjon Ghoshal, Abraham Mazumdar, Tapas Das and Tapesh Bandopadhyay. They have made some very popular albums including _Shongbigno Pakhikul O Kolkata Bishayak_ and _Aabaar Bochhor Kuri Pore_.

## Discography

1. _Shongbigno Pakhikul O Kolkata Bishayak_ (1977)
1. _Ajaana UDonto bostu ba Aw-Oo-Baw_ (1978)
1. _Drishyomaan Moheener Ghoraguli_ (1979)

## Other websites

- Moheener Ghoraguli's official site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Moheener Ghoraguli
- **img**: MoheenerGhoraguli-group.jpg
- **img capt**: Moheener Ghoraguli in concert at Rabindra Sadan, 1979, left to right: Raja Banerjee, Pradip Chatterjee, Tapas Das, Pranab Sengupta, Gautam Chattopadhyay and Ranjon Ghoshal.  Not shown also present were Abraham Mazumder and Biswanath Chattopadhyay
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Kolkata, India
- **genre**: Bengali folk-rock, Bengali rock, Jazz
- **years active**: 1976–1981; 1995–1999
- **label**: Gathani, Hindusthan Records, Bharati Records, Asha Audio
- **url**: [http://moheenerghoraguli.hpage.com/ moheenerghoraguli.hpage.com]
- **past members**: Gautam Chattopadhyay
Biswanath Chattopadhyay
Pradip Chatterjee
Ranjon Ghoshal
Abraham Mazumdar
Tapas Das
Tapesh Bandopadhyay