juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Allobates conspicuus

The **Manu rocket frog** (_Allobates conspicuus_) is a frog.  It lives in Peru and Brazil.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day. It lives in bamboo forests and other forests. Scientists have seen it between 250 and 550 meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen the frog in Manu National Park in Peru. They think it could also live in Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor in Brazil.

## Young

Scientists think the tadpoles swim in streams like other tadpoles in _Allobates_ do.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out.  Human beings do change the places where it lives to make small farms, make big farms, and get wood to build with.
Cross-link

In polymer chemistry, a **cross-link** is a chemical bond or small group of bonds that connects two bigger polymer molecules. Making cross-links is called **cross-linking** or **curing**, and is an important part of making many different materials.

A chemical that creates cross-links in a polymer is called a **cross-linking agent**. If sulfur is used as the cross-linking agent, the process is sometimes called vulcanization. Oxygen from the air can also be a cross-linking agent; chemicals that are cross-linked by oxygen are called drying oils.

The amount of cross-links in a sample can change properties like strength, density, and flexibility. The amount of cross-links is also linked to the swelling capacity, which is used to measure how cross-linked something is.
Gustavo Adrianzén

**Gustavo Lino Adrianzén Olaya** (born 25 October 1966) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. He was the prime minister of Peru from March 2024 until May 2025. He was the 26th Permanent Representative of Peru to the Organization of American States from 2023 to 2024. He also was the Minister of Justice and Human Rights under former President Ollanta Humala from April to October 2015.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gustavo Adrianzén
- **image**: Gustavo Adrianzén octubre de 2024.jpg
- **caption**: Adrianzén in 2024
- **office**: Prime Minister of Peru
- **president**: Dina Boluarte
- **term start**: 6 March 2024
- **term end**: 13 May 2025
- **predecessor**: Alberto Otárola
- **successor**: Eduardo Arana Ysa
- **order1**: 26th
- **office1**: Permanent Representative of Peru to the Organization of American States
- **president1**: Dina Boluarte
- **term start1**: 23 February 2023
- **term end1**: 5 March 2024
- **predecessor1**: Harold Forsyth
(2022)
- **successor1**: José Luis Sardón de Taboada
- **office2**: Ministry of Justice and Human Rights (Peru), Minister of Justice and Human Rights of Peru
- **president2**: Ollanta Humala
- **term start2**: 2 April 2015
- **term end2**: 20 October 2015
- **predecessor2**: Fredy Otárola
- **birth place**: Cusco, Peru
- **nationality**: Peruvian
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **alma mater**: University of Lima
- **profession**: Lawyer
Alberto Otárola

**Luis Alberto Otárola Peñaranda** (born 12 February 1967) is a Peruvian attorney and politician who was the Prime Minister of Peru from 2022 until his resignation in 2024. Before, he was the Minister of Defense twice, from 2011 to 2012 and again for a few days in December 2022.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: 30.05.2023 - Chegada dos Presidentes dos países da América do Sul ao Palácio Itamaraty (52938046260) (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Peru
- **president**: Dina Boluarte
- **term start**: 21 December 2022
- **term end**: 5 March 2024
- **predecessor**: Pedro Angulo Arana
- **successor**: Gustavo Adrianzén
- **office1**: Ministry of Defense (Peru), Minister of Defense
- **president1**: Dina Boluarte
- **primeminister1**: Pedro Angulo Arana
- **term start1**: 10 December 2022
- **term end1**: 21 December 2022
- **predecessor1**: Gustavo Bobbio
- **successor1**: Jorge Chávez Cresta
- **president2**: Ollanta Humala
- **primeminister2**: Oscar Valdes
- **term start2**: 11 December 2011
- **term end2**: 14 May 2012
- **predecessor2**: Daniel Mora
- **successor2**: José Antonio Urquizo
- **birth name**: Luis Alberto Otárola Peñaranda
- **birth place**: Huaraz, Áncash, Peru
- **party**: We Are Peru (2024-present)
- **otherparty**: Peruvian Nationalist Party (2020–2021)
Independent politician, Independent (until 2020, 2021–2024)
- **profession**: Lawyer
- **alma mater**: University of San Martín de Porres (Bachelor of Laws, LLB)
- **nickname**: _El Carnicero_
Charles VII (disambiguation)

**Charles VII** may refer to:

- Karl Sverkersson (Charles VII of Sweden; 1130–1167)
- Charles VII of France (1403–1461), "the Victorious"
- Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (1697–1745)
- Charles VII of Naples, also Charles III of Spain (1716–1788)
- Carlos María de los Dolores (1848–1909), pretender to the throne of Spain, styled "Charles VII" by Carlists
- Charles VII, Archduke of Austria
Je me souviens

"**Je me souviens**" (English : I remember) is the motto of Quebec. It is used on licensing plates. It was made by Eugène Taché in the 19th century when he graved that sentence above the door of the Palais du Parlement.
Jon Arbuckle

**Jonathan Q. "Jon" Arbuckle** is a fictional character from the _Garfield_ comic strip by Jim Davis. He also appears in the animated television series _Garfield and Friends_ and _The Garfield Show_, two live-action/animated feature films, and four fully animated films.

## Played by

- Thom Huge (1980-2001; _The Fantastic Funnies, Garfield and friends_)
- Sandy Kenyon (1982; _Here comes Garfield_)
- Jon Barnard (2004; _Garfield the video game_)
- Breckin Meyer (_live action/CGI 2004-06_) (2011; _Robot Chicken_) (Voice)
- Wally Wingert (2007-Present)
- Nicholas Hoult (2024; The Garfield Movie)
- **Played By unofficial material**
- Fred Tatasciore (2006; _Robot Chicken_)
- Keith Ferguson (2012; _Mad_)
- Quinton Flynn (2020; _Robot Chicken_)

## Other media

- Jon's first animated appearance was in the 1980 CBS special, _The Fantastic Funnies_, when he was voiced by Thom Huge. Jon was voiced by Sandy Kenyon in the first animated television special (_Here Comes Garfield_), before Huge returned to the character in all later specials and in _Garfield and Friends_. Breckin Meyer portrayed Jon in the live-action/animated films _Garfield: The Movie_ and _Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties,_ and voiced him in the _Robot Chicken_ parodies. In _Garfield Gets Real_, _Garfield's Fun Fest_ and _Garfield's Pet Force_, he was voiced by Wally Wingert. Wally also provides Jon's voice for _The Garfield Show_. Nicholas Hoult voiced Jon in _The Garfield Movie_.
- Similarly, _Garfield Minus Garfield_ removes all the other characters completely and simply features Jon talking to himself. Fans connected with Jon's "loneliness and desperation" and found his "crazy antics" humorous; Jim Davis himself called Dan Walsh's (the author of _Garfield Minus Garfield_) strips an "inspired thing to do" and said that "some of the strips work better than the originals".
- Jon has appeared in three _Robot Chicken_ Sketches
174 (number)

**174** is a number. It comes after 173 and before 175.

## Mathematics

- 174 is an even number.
- The divisors of 174 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 29, 58, 87, and 174.
- The sum of its digits (1 + 7 + 4) is 12.
- The prime factorization is 2 × 3 × 29.

## Infobox (number)
175 (number)

**175** is a number. It comes after 174 and before 176.

## Mathematics

- 175 is an odd number.
- Its divisors are 1, 5, 7, 25, 35, and 175.
- The sum of its digits (1 + 7 + 5) equals 13.
- Its prime factorization is 5<sup>2</sup> x 7.

## Infobox (number)
Hospicio de San Jose

**Hospicio de San José** is a Roman Catholic welfare institution in the district of San Miguel, Manila in the Philippines. It is the first social welfare agency in the country, and as a foster care institution has been home to orphans, the abandoned, people with special needs and the elderly.

## Location

_Hospicio de San José_ is a hospise located on the riverine islanf of Isla de Convalecencia (Spanish, "Island of convalescence"), an eyot in the middle of the Pasig River, and can only be accessed via **Ayala Bridge**. It was formerly located in the Pandacan district. From there, it was transferred to Intramuros, Binondo, Nagtahan, and Echague.  In 1810, the _Hospicio_ was permanently relocated to the _Isla de Convalecencia_.

## History

Initially named the ***Hospicio General*** (General Hospice), _Hospicio de San José_ was established in October 1778 during the Philippines' Spanish colonial period (1521-1898) by Don Francisco Gómez Enríquez and his wife Doña Barbara Verzosa.  After being cured of a fever, Don Gómez Enríquez donated the sum of ₱ 4,000 to found the hospice that would take care of Manila’s “poor and unwanted children”, the physically and mentally disabled, and aging people. The initiative and example of Don Gómez Enríquez was followed by other charitable people of Manila.

## Historical markers

The Hospicio de San José has two historical markers. The first, dated October 17, 1939, inscribed in  English, was installed along Ayala Boulevard, San Miguel, Manila by the _Historical Research and Markers Committee_ of the Philippines. In 1977, a second historical marker, incribed in Tagalog, was installed by the National Historical Institute.
Debra Toporowski

**Debra-Ann Patricia Toporowski** (Quw’utsun: ) is a British Columbia New Democratic Party member of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly for the riding of Cowichan Valley. First elected in the 2024 provincial election, Toporowski succeeded outgoing MLA Sonia Furstenau, who vacated the seat in order to run in the riding of Victoria-Beacon Hill.
Robert Paul Wolff

**Robert Paul Wolff** (born December 27, 1933) is an American political philosopher. He has written widely on topics in political philosophy.

Wolff established the University Scholarships for South African Students organization in 1990 with the goal of providing underprivileged South African students with access to higher education in the country. Thousands of South African students have benefited from USSAS's financial support and educational opportunities since its founding.
Valentin Elizalde

Valentín Elizalde Valencia (Spanish: [balenˈtin eliˈsalde βaˈlensja]; 1 February 1979 – 25 November 2006) was a regional Mexican singer. Nicknamed "El Gallo de Oro" (The Golden Rooster), he was known for his off-key style. His biggest hits included: "Vete Ya," "Ebrio de Amor", and "Soy Así" (a cover of José José's classic song). Some of his songs were narcocorridos eulogizing Mexican drug lords like Vicente Carrillo Fuentes. He also wrote lyrics honoring Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, leader of the Sinaloa Cartel. He was murdered as he left a performance; allegedly by members of the drug trafficking cartel Los Zetas.

In 2007, following his passing, his albums were best-selling, even though none of them made it into the top 20 when he was alive. Elizalde was posthumously nominated for a Grammy Award in 2007 for Best Banda Album.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Valentín Elizalde
- **birth name**: Valentín Elizalde Valencia
- **image**: Valentín Elizalde in 2006.jpg
- **alias**: _El Gallo de Oro_
- **caption**: Elizalde in 2006
- **birth place**: Jitonhueca, Sonora, Mexico
- **death place**: Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1998–2006
Christian Gratzei

**Christian Gratzei** (born 19 September 1981 in Leoben) is a former Austrian football goalkeeper. He plaʏed mainly for SK Sturm Graz. He also played for the Austrian national football team.

## Career

Gratzei began his active career as a footballer in 1987 at DSV Leoben. He played for all of the Donawitz club's youth teams until 1998 and was a member of the professional squad in the second-tier First Division from 1998 onwards. In 2001 Gratzei moved to Grazer AK II. In 2002 he was moved to SK Sturm Graz II. When his coach Foda became coach of the first team Gratzei also got his chance to train with the first team. On 8 March 2003, Gratzei made his debut in the Bundesliga when he played in goal for Graz against SW Bregenz. After a break of more than half a year due to injury, he slowly felt his way back to the top, but was unable to consolidate his position permanently due to a number of mistakes. In the 2005/06 season, Gratzei did not make a single appearance. Since February 2007, he was once again  the regular goalkeeper for SK Sturm. He ended his career after the 2017/18 season.

In 2019, he took over as goalkeeping coach at Wolfsberger AC. After a year with the U15 of SK Sturm as assistance coach he went to TSV Hartberg. There he was goalkeeper coach and one year assistance coach.

## International

On 1 February 2008, Gratzei was nominated for the Austrian national team squad for the first time. In the fall of 2009, Gratzei became Austria's second goalkeeper behind Helge Payer. He made his national team debut on 14 October 2009 in the 3-1 defeat against France at the Stade de France. He came in for Payer in the second half. His last match was in a 0-0 versus Romania on 5 June 2012.

## International statistics

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="4"|Austria|2009|2|0|
|2010|3|0|||
|2011|4|0|||
|2012|1|0|||

## Honours

- 1 × Austrian Champion: 2011
- 2 × Austrian Cup winner: 2010, 2018 (Sturm Graz)
- 2 × Goalkeeper of the Year in Austria: 2008, 2011

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Christian Gratzei
- **image**: SV Mattersburg vs. SK Sturm Graz 2015-09-13 (006).jpg
- **image size**: 160x240px
- **fullname**: Christian Gratzei
- **birth place**: Leoben, Austria
- **position**: Goalkeeper
- **years1**: 1998–2001
- **clubs1**: DSV Leoben
- **caps1**: 2
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 2001–2002
- **clubs2**: Grazer AK
- **caps2**: 0
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2002–2018
- **clubs3**: SK Sturm Graz
- **caps3**: 273
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2006–2015
- **clubs4**: SK Sturm Graz, Sturm Graz II
- **caps4**: 23
- **goals4**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2009–2012
- **nationalteam1**: Austria national football team, Austria
- **nationalcaps1**: 10
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 2019– 2021
- **managerclubs1**: Wolfsberger AC (goalkeeper coach)
- **manageryears2**: 2022
- **managerclubs2**: SK Sturm Graz (assistance coach U15 )
- **manageryears3**: 2022– 2024
- **managerclubs3**: TSV Hartberg (goalkeeper coach)
- **manageryears4**: 2024
- **managerclubs4**: TSV Hartberg (assistance coach)
Analytic number theory

In mathematics, **analytic number theory** is a part of number theory that uses ideas from mathematical analysis to solve questions about whole numbers. It is believed to have started in 1837 when Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet used Dirichlet L-functions to give the first proof of Dirichlet's theorem about arithmetic progressions. This branch of math is well-known for its work on prime numbers (like the Prime Number Theorem and the Riemann zeta function) and on additive number theory (such as the Goldbach conjecture and Waring's problem).

## Branches of analytic number theory

Analytic number theory has two main parts, based on the type of questions they try to answer.

- **Multiplicative number theory** looks at how prime numbers are spread out, such as counting how many primes are between two numbers. It includes the Prime Number Theorem and Dirichlet's theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions.
- **Additive number theory** studies how whole numbers can be added together, like Goldbach's conjecture that says every even number greater than 2 is the sum of two prime numbers. One important result in this part is solving Waring's problem.
René Bliki

**René Bliki** (24 September 1926 – 5 January 2025) was a French-born Belgian resistance fighter, war volunteer and sport cyclist.

### World War II

During World War II he joined the resistance (Gewapende Weerstand / Witte Brigade). With dynamite he blew up important railway lines towards Brussels and smuggled explosives and weapons. During the War he was one of the people who saved a girl under the rubble of a house after a bombing raid. Because she had no home anymore, she lived in their home for months. Bliki fought and captured Germanin in the Battle of Arnhem in the Netherlands; in the flooded area between the Meuse and Waal. After the Battle of Arnhem, Bliki volunteered the First Canadian Army. In 1945 he was chosen to train volunteers in the United Kingdom for departure to Japan. He was for six months in Scotland and Ireland. He was about to go to Japan at the time of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, after which Bliki was sent home.

Bliki is praised for his war exploits. In 2015 he received the Order of Leopold II from the Minister of Defense Steven Vandeput. He was honored again in November 2017.

### Cycling

During his childhood, World War II, he practiced cycling. After World War II he was a road and cyclo-cross cyclist for twenty years. At the age of 33 he was most successful. He rode for the proffessional teams  in 1949, Plume Sport in 1959 and Dr. Mann in 1960. He competed in among others the Tour of Belgium, Omloop van Midden-Vlaanderen and Egmont Cycling Races. In cyclo-cross he beated the German world champion in Mechelen and received a lot of media attention in the newspapers.

### Personal life

Bliki was born in Chevilly-Larue, France on 24 September 1926. He had six brothers and sisters. His father had a café and bakery.

After World War II Bliki was married and lived in Hillegem. Next to cycling he worked for the police and the post in Brussels and also moved to Brussels. He divorced and later married Ida Van Lierde. During the last part of his life they lived in Sint-Martens-Lennik. He died there on 5 January 2025, at the age of 98.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: René Bliki
- **birth place**: Chevilly-Larue, France
- **death place**: Sint-Martens-Lennik, Belgium
- **nationality**: Belgian
- **occupation**: resistance fighter
war volunteer
road cyclist
cyclo-cross cyclist
- **awards**: Order of Leopold II
ZbMATH Open

**zbMATH Open**, once called **Zentralblatt MATH**, is a big review service. It gives reviews and short summaries for articles about pure and applied mathematics. It is made by the Berlin office of FIZ Karlsruhe – Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure GmbH. The editors are the European Mathematical Society, FIZ Karlsruhe, and the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences. Springer Science+Business Media shares zbMATH. It uses Mathematics Subject Classification codes to sort reviews by topic.zbMATH Open, once called Zentralblatt MATH, is a big review service. It gives reviews and short summaries for articles about pure and applied mathematics. It is made by the Berlin office of FIZ Karlsruhe – Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure GmbH. The editors are the European Mathematical Society, FIZ Karlsruhe, and the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences. Springer Science+Business Media shares zbMATH. It uses Mathematics Subject Classification codes to sort reviews by topic.
Parameter (computer programming)

In computer science, **parameters** are stored names of information that we want to use for a subroutine. These pieces of information, called values, are then passed on to the subroutine to be used as arguments. Then these arguments can affect how the program will run.

**Parameter (programming)**

For example, in the following Python function:

<pre>
def greet(name):
print("Hello, " + name + "!")
</pre>

The word `name` is a parameter. When the function is called with a value (like `"Alice"`), the parameter `name` will hold that value and the function will use it to perform its action:

<pre>
greet("Alice")  # Outputs: Hello, Alice!
</pre>

In this case, the parameter allows the function to personalize the greeting by using the value provided during the function call.
Shigemi Fukahori

**Shigemi Fukahori** (1931 – 3 January 2025) was a Japanese peace activist.

## Biography

At the age of 14 years old the atomic bombings of Nagasaki took place. He worked at a shipyard around 3 kilometres from the hypocenter of the explosion. He lost three brothers and a sister and had traumatic experiences during the aftermath. He didn't talk about it and prayed almost daily at the Urakami Catholic Church.

At old age, from around 2010 he began to talk about the disaster and helped him to open up. He became a peace activist and started addressing students. He addressed in an episode of the 2014-14 mini series _Les traces cachées_ and in the 2015 documentary _Hiroshima: Hidden Traces_. Fukahori handed Pope Francis a wreath of white flowers during his visit in Nagasaki in 2019. In 2020 he represented the bomb victims at an official ceremony.

Fukahori died at a hospital in Nagasaki on 3 January 2025, at the age of 94. His death received worldwide media attention.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Shigemi Fukahori
- **death place**: Nagasaki, Japan
- **nationality**: Japanese
- **occupation**: peace activist
Iftekhar Rafsan

**Iftekhar Rafsan** (born 6 August 1997, in Dhaka) also known as **RafsanTheChotobhai**, is a Bangladeshi YouTube personality and Bloggers known for food vlogging on YouTube. He started making videos on YouTube in 2017 and as of November 2024, has more than 2.8 million subscribers.

## Early life and education

Rafsan studied computer science and engineering at Independent University, Bangladesh.

## Esports career

Rafsan is also a professional esports athlete. He's in-game name is Outlaw. He has been playing _Counter-Strike: Global Offensive_ on a competitive level since 2015 as well as representing Bangladesh in multiple foreign tournaments. His endeavor in the gaming scene started with casual _Counter-Strike: Source_ back in 2011. In 2015, with the launch of _Counter-Strike: Global Offensive_, he returned to the gaming scene. At the end of 2016, he was a part of the first Bangladeshi team, Nomads, to represent Bangladesh on international grounds in the _CS: GO_ scene at the ESL Challengers 2016 where they placed 6th to 8th place. In 2017 again, Iftekhar represented Bangladesh with Xtreme Lungiz in Bangalore, India at the ASUS ROG Masters 2017.

## Television commercial (TVC)

|Year|Brand|Agency Network|Name|Creative Director|Art Director|Ref|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2017|Telenor|Mediumrare|Stop Cyberbullying!|Abrar Athar|Bizu Somoy||
|2019|Samsung Mobile Bangladesh|-|Samsung My Galaxy App|-|-||
|2020|Airtel Bangladesh|FCB Bitopi|It's OK to be single|Shakib Chowdhury|-||

## Controversies

Rafsan faces an arrest warrant on the allegation of violating registration obligations for his beverage brand BLU.

## Related pages

- Pinaki Bhattacharya
- Asad Noor
- Ayman Sadiq
- Nabela Noor
- Hero Alom
- Afiea Nusrat Barsha

## Infobox (youtube personality)

- **name**: Rafsan TheChotoBhai
- **image**: File:Iftekhar Rafsan (Rafsan thechotobhai).jpg
- **caption**: Rafsan in 2022
- **birth place**: Dhaka, Bangladesh
- **channel name**: https://youtube.com/@rafsanthechotobhai?si=5XREIlhBCctuz4-9
- **years active**: 2017–present
- **subscribers**: 2.92 million
- **views**: 319.7 million
- **silver button**: yes
- **gold button**: yes
- **stats update**: 23:14, 25 November 2024 (UTC)
Volt-ampere

A **volt-ampere** (VA) is the measurement of power in a direct current. In a DC circuit, 1 VA is the equivalent of 1 W. This equivalence means that the power factor of that power supply is 1.
Horizon (video game series)

***Horizon*** is an action role-playing and science fiction video game series developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Nintendo Switch and Microsoft Windows.

As of May 2023, the games in the series have sold over 32 million copies around the world.

In January 2025, a film adaptation of _Horizon Zero Dawn_ was announced by Sony.

## Infobox (video game series)

- **title**: Horizon
- **image**: Horizon game series logo.png
- **caption**: Series logo
- **publisher**: Sony Interactive Entertainment
- **genre**: Action game, Action role playing
- **first release version**: _Horizon Zero Dawn_
- **first release date**: February 28, 2017
- **latest release version**: _Lego Horizon Adventures_
- **latest release date**: November 14, 2024
Maria Jonas

**Maria Jonas** (21 July 19?? – December 2024) was a German operatic mezzo-soprano.

## Biography

Born in Brühl, she studied at the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln. After that she went to Venezuela where she founded a music school. After her return to Europe she was trained by Jessica Cash in London;  as Monserrat Figueras in Barcelona and by René Jacobs at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis in Basel, Switzerland.

Jonas was specialized in early, contemporary and improvised music. She was a sought after concert-soloist and made European tours and went to Australia working with renowned conductors.

She founded the ensemble Ars Choralis Coeln in 2004. Jonas was a singing teacher at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig and at the Folkwang University of the Arts in Essen from 1999. She was also a guest lecturer at several conservatories, including in Tilburg, the Netherlands.

Jonas died in December 2024.

## Other websites

- Maria Jonas at Ars Choralis Coeln

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Maria Jonas
- **birth date**: 21 July 19??
- **birth place**: Brühl (Rhineland), Brühl, Germany
- **nationality**: German
- **occupation**: operatic mezzo-soprano
176 (number)

**176** (**one hundred seventy-six**)is a number. It comes after 175 and before 177.

## Mathematics

- 176 is an even number.
- It is a composite number.
- Its divisors are 1, 2, 4, 8, 11, 16, 22, 44, 88, and 176.

## Infobox (number)
José Luis Beltrán

**José Luis Beltrán Lassaletta** (4 January 1956 – 4 January 2025) was an Argentine-born Spanish basketball player.

## Biography

He was born in Buenos Aires at the time his Spanish parents came to Argentina for a temporary job and stayed there for 4 years. When he was four year old he moved with his parents back to Spain. He grew up in Madrid and attended the , where he came into contact with basketball.

Playing with CB Estudiantes, he made his debut at just 16 years old in the Spanish Basketball league. He played in this league for nine seasons and reached two times the final of the Copa del Rey de Baloncesto.

He became also a member of the Spain men's national basketball team. He played during his career a total of 17 macthes for the national team and played at the 1975 Mediterranean Games and 1976 Pre-Olympic Basketball Tournament.

In 1981 he moved to CB Inmobanco, which at the time played in the Spanish second division. He became champion of the First Division B and of the XVIII Torneo de Navidad in 1982, and was silver medalist in the 1983 Copa del Rey de Baloncesto.

With the disappearance of Inmobanco, Beltrán retired from professional basketball. However, a year later he returned to competition with CB Gran Canaria in the second division. After achieving promotion, he played the 1985–86 ACB season and then retired permanently.

He became a professional photographer. He died on 4 January 2025, at the age of 68.

## Infobox (basketball biography)

- **name**: José Luis Beltrán
- **height**: 2.01 m
- **career position**: Center (basketball), Center
- **fullname**: José Luis Beltrán Lassaletta
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **nationality**: Spanish
Glenrothes

**Glenrothes** is a town in the middle of Fife, a part of east-central Scotland. In 2011, 39,277 people lived there, making it the third biggest town in Fife and the 18th biggest in Scotland. It is the main town for running Fife's local government, with offices for Fife Council and Police Scotland. It is also an important place for local services.

The town was planned in the 1940s after World War II to help grow the economy in Fife. It was built to provide houses, jobs, roads, and services for a large coal mine called Rothes Colliery. The mine closed early, so the town found new ways to grow. It became important for industry and helped make Scotland's Silicon Glen, a center for technology, between 1961 and 2000. The name Glenrothes comes from the Earl of Rothes, who owned the land. "Glen" means valley, added to avoid confusion with another place called Rothes and because the town is in a valley. Glenrothes' motto is _Ex terra vis_, meaning "From the Earth Comes Life."

Glenrothes has won many awards for its parks and gardens. It also has many outdoor artworks created by town artists when the town was built. The town is a top place for making electronics and other high-tech products. Big companies like Bosch Rexroth, Leviton, Raytheon, and Fife College are based there. The Kingdom Shopping Centre, the largest in Fife, is at the town's heart, with most shopping inside one place. Other public places include a sports centre, two golf courses, big parks, a civic centre, a theatre, and a college campus.

The A92 road connects Glenrothes to Scotland's big road network. The town has a large bus station for local and regional buses. There are also train stations near the town at Markinch and Thornton, linking it to the Edinburgh-Dundee and Fife Circle rail lines.
Legoland Holiday Village

**Legoland Holiday Village** is a motel and campsite with cabins located 500 metres from Legoland Billund Resort in Billund.

The motel was established in 1994 by the Fonden for Billund Hostel under the name **Billund FDM Camping** and later changed into **Legoland Village**.  It was run in close cooperation with the campsite FDM Camping Billund, which was established in 1992. The operation of the two companies, together with the employees, was taken over by Legoland Billund on 1 January 2014 and has subsequently been run under the joint name Legoland Holiday Village. After the takeover, a renovation was carried out and new cabins were added with Lego and Legoland as the theme. Also many Lego statues were added.

The fixed accommodation options have different themes. The motel rooms have a pirate theme. At the campsite you can stay in Lego Ninjago cabins, Lego Wild West cabins, Wilderness barrels (barrel-shaped cabins) or Indian tents. It is also possible to bring your own tent or caravan.
Kia Sonet

The **Kia Sonet** is a subcompact Crossover SUV made by Kia since 2020.

## History and Features

The Kia Sonet concept previewed the Sonet in February 2020. the production version was debuted in August 2020. and started being sold in September in India its positioned below the Kia Seltos and related to the Hyundai Venue.

it has a 1.0 turbocharged 1.2 and 1.5 petrol engine and a 1.5 diesel engine  with a 5-speed and 6-speed manual transmission a 6-speed semi-automatic transmission a 6-speed automatic transmission and a 7-speed CVT transmission.

## Markets

The Kia Sonet is sold mainly in emergent markets like Latin America Africa Middle East and Asia.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Kia Sonet
- **image**: 2021 Kia Sonet 1.5 Premiere (Indonesia) front view 02.jpg
- **caption**: 2021 Kia Sonet Premiere (Indonesia)
- **manufacturer**: Kia
- **model code**: QY
- **production**: 2020–present
- **model years**: 2021–present (Middle East)
- **class**: Subcompact crossover SUV
- **body style**: 5-door Sport utility vehicle, SUV
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
- **platform**: Hyundai-Kia K2 platform, Hyundai-Kia K2
- **related**: Hyundai Venue, Hyundai Venue (QXi)
- **predecessor**: Kia Stonic, Kia Stonic/KX1 (China/Philippines)
Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche

The Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche is an American stealth armed reconnaissance and attack helicopter designed for the United States Army. Following years of study and development, the RAH-66 program was stopped in 2004 before mass production began, after $7 billion dollars had been spent on the program.
Hyundai Reina

The **Hyundai Reina** is a Subcompact car made by Hyundai from 2017 to 2021.

## History and Features

The Hyundai Reina was debuted in Chongqing Motor Show in 2017 its made through the Beijing Hyundai joint venture it shares its platform with the Hyundai Accent and it was positioned below the Hyundai Verna the name Reina in Spanish means queen the car has a 1.4 liter petrol engine with 4-speed manual transmission and a 5-speed automatic transmission.

## Markets

The Hyundai Reina was sold mainly in China however it was exported to Philipines where it replaced the Hyundai Eon.  in Peru Chile and Costa Rica it was sold as the Hyundai Verna.

## Discontinuation

The Hyundai Reina was discontinued in 2021 due to weak sales and in Philipines it was replaced by the Hyundai Accent.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Hyundai Reina
- **image**: 2018 Beijing-Hyundai Reina, front 8.5.18.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Hyundai Motor Company, Hyundai
- **model code**: CB
- **aka**: Hyundai Verna
- **production**: 2017–2021
- **model years**: 2018–2021
- **assembly**: China: Chongqing (Beijing Hyundai)
- **class**: Subcompact car (B-segment, B)
- **body style**: 4-door Sedan (automobile), sedan
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
- **platform**: Hyundai-Kia small automobile platforms#Hyundai-Kia PB platform, Hyundai-Kia PB
- **engine**: **Petrol engine, Petrol:**
1.4 L Hyundai Kappa engine#G4LC, _Kappa II_ Fuel injection#Multi-point injection, MPi Straight-four engine, I4
- **predecessor**: Hyundai Accent#RB, Hyundai Verna (RC) (China)
- **sp**: us
Dušan Maravić

**Dušan Maravić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Душан Маравић; 7 March 1939 – 6 January 2025) was a Serbian footballer. He played as a midfielder. He played for the SFR Yugoslavia national team during the 1960 Summer Olympics. He won a gold medal.

Maravić died on 6 January 2025 at the age of 85.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Dušan Maravić
- **birth place**: Injoux-Génissiat, French Third Republic, France
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 1945–1955
- **youthclubs1**: Radnički Bajmok
- **years1**: 1956–1958
- **clubs1**: FK Spartak Subotica, Spartak Subotica
- **caps1**: 29
- **goals1**: 5
- **years2**: 1958–1964
- **clubs2**: Red Star Belgrade
- **caps2**: 82
- **goals2**: 22
- **years3**: 1964–1966
- **clubs3**: Racing Club de France Football, Racing Paris
- **caps3**: 43
- **goals3**: 20
- **years4**: 1966–1968
- **clubs4**: Entente Bagneaux-Fontainebleau-Nemours, Entente BFN
- **caps4**: 5
- **goals4**: 4
- **years5**: 1967
- **clubs5**: → AS Béziers Hérault (football), Béziers (loan)
- **caps5**: 9
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 1969–1973
- **clubs6**: Deportivo Italia
- **nationalyears1**: 1960
- **nationalteam1**: Yugoslavia national football team, Yugoslavia
- **nationalcaps1**: 7
- **nationalgoals1**: 3
Ayla Erduran

**Ayla Erduran** (22 August 1934 – 7 January 2025) was a Turkish violinist. She was born in Istanbul, Turkey. She studied with David Oistrakh. She was a violin teacher between 1973 and 1990 in Switzerland. She was honored with State Artist by the Republic of Turkey in 1971. Erduran won the fifth place prize in the Henryk Wieniawski Violin Competition in 1957.

Erduran died on 7 January 2025, at the age of 90.
276 (number)

**276** is a natural number. It comes after 275 and before 277.

## Mathematics

- **276** is an **even number**. This means it can be divided by 2 without a remainder.
- It is made up of the digits 2, 7, and 6.
- The factors of 276 are: **1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 23, 46, 69, 92, 138, and 276**.
- 276 is the sum of its divisors (excluding itself), which makes it an **abundant number**.
- 276 is also a **triangular number**. This means it can form a triangle when items are arranged in rows, with each row having one more item than the row above it.
- 276 is the smallest number for which it is not known if the corresponding aliquot sequence either terminates or ends in a repeating cycle. The number 306 follows the same sequence as 276, since its aliquot sum is the same as 276.

## Science

- In astronomy, **276 Adelheid** is the name of an asteroid in the asteroid belt. It was discovered in 1888.

## Infobox (number)
306 (number)

**306** is a natural number. It comes after 305 and before 307.

## Mathematics

- The factors of 306 are: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 17, 18, 34, 51, 102, 153, and 306.
- 306 is the sum of consecutive primes 71+73+79+83.
- 306 is the 17th oblong number meaning that it is equal to 17*18.
- The sum of all its divisors (excluding itself) is 396, so 306 is an abundant number.
- 306 is a Harshad number, which means it can be evenly divided by the sum of its digits (3 + 0 + 6 = 9, and 306 ÷ 9 = 34).
- 306 is the start of an infinite aliquot sequence and follows the same aliquot pattern as 276.
- 306 is an untouchable number meaning that it cannot be equal to the sum of proper factors in any number.
- The 5th root of 306 is approximately equal to pi.

## Other fields

- Martin Luther King Jr. was staying in Room 306 of the Lorraine Motel at the time of his assassination.

## Infobox (number)
January 2025 Southern California wildfires

The **January** **2025 Southern California wildfires** were a series of wildfires that started in the Los Angeles metropolitan area and surrounding areas on January 7, 2025. It spread quickly because of hurricane-force winds, very low humidity, and drought conditions.

A massive fire began near the Pacific Palisades neighborhood in Los Angeles, and burned about  of land. This fire led to massive evacuations to take place. The fire was reportedly expanding at the same rate as "three football fields of land per minute", with firefighters unable to put out the fire because of strong winds. Immediate evacuation orders are only for people living in Santa Monica. At 12:11 pm PST on January 8, the City of Malibu told their residents to also evacuate.

Firefighters responded to another fire in the Hollywood Hills area of Los Angeles County near Sunset Boulevard. The fire was put out shortly after it started.

Sixteen people have died in the fire.

Because of this NWS Los Angeles put out a PDS Red Flag Warning on January 14, 2025

Most of the damage has been done by the two largest fires: the Palisades Fire in Pacific Palisades and the Eaton Fire in Altadena. They are likely the fourth and second most destructive fires in California's history, respectively.

The fire was contained on January 31, 2025. At the time of containment, the wildfires killed at least 29 people, forced more than 200,000 to evacuate, and destroyed more than 18,000 homes and structures. The wildfires burned over  of land in total.

## Infobox (wildfire)

- **title**: January 2025 Southern California wildfires
- **partof**: the 2025 California wildfires
- **date**: January 7–31, 2025
(24 days)
- **location**: Los Angeles County, California, Los Angeles, Orange County, California, Orange, Riverside County, California, Riverside, San Bernardino County, California, San Bernardino, San Diego County, California, San Diego and Ventura County, California, Ventura counties, California
- **acres**: Roughly
- **fatalities**: 28+ total

- **missing**: 31+
- **evacuated**: 200,000+
- **structures**: 18,189+ destroyed or damaged
- **cause**: Under investigation, exacerbated by severe Santa Ana winds and drought conditions
- **image**: Southern california wildfires2025.png
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Sentinel-3 satellite image of the Palisades (left) and Eaton (right) fires burning near Los Angeles, California, January 9, 2025
Aliquot sequence

An **aliquot sequence** is a sequence of numbers where each number is the sum of the proper divisors of the previous number. Proper divisors are all the divisors of a number except the number itself.

The word "aliquot" comes from Latin. It means "a part of the whole."

## How it works

1. Start with a number, called the **starting number**.
1. Find the sum of the proper divisors of that number.
1. Use this sum as the next number in the sequence.
1. Repeat the process.

For example, if the starting number is 12, the proper divisors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6.

- Their sum is 1+2+3+4+6=16, so the next number in the sequence is 16.
- The proper divisors of 16 are 1, 2, 4, and 8.
- Their sum is 1+2+4+8=15, so the next number is 15.
- The proper divisors of 15 are 1, 3, and 5.
- Their sum is 1+3+5=9, and so on.

## Types of aliquot sequences

1. **Terminating sequence**: If the sequence reaches 1, it stops because the only proper divisor of 1 is 0.
    - Example: Starting with 6, the sequence is 6 → 6 → 6 (this is also called a perfect number sequence).
1. **Perfect numbers**: If the starting number is a perfect number, the sequence stays the same. For example, starting with 28, the sequence is 28 → 28 → 28.
1. **Amicable numbers**: If the sequence alternates between two numbers, those two numbers are called **amicable numbers**. For example, starting with 220, the sequence is 220 → 284 → 220 → 284.
1. **Sociable numbers**: If the sequence cycles through more than two numbers, those numbers are called **sociable numbers**.
1. **Non-terminating sequence**: For some starting numbers, the sequence continues indefinitely or grows very large. The smallest number with this property is 276, since its aliquot sum is 396. Additionally, 306 is also the start of the same infinite aliquot sequence since its aliquot sum is also 396.

## Applications

- Aliquot sequences are studied in number theory.
- They help mathematicians understand the relationships between numbers and their divisors.
- Perfect, amicable, and sociable numbers are special types of numbers studied using aliquot sequences.
Georgia General Assembly

The **Georgia General Assembly** is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is bicameral made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Each of the General Assembly's 236 members serve two-year terms and are directly elected.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **name**: Georgia General Assembly
- **logo pic**: File:Seal of Georgia.svg
- **logo caption**: The Great Seal of Georgia
- **house type**: Bicameral
- **houses**: Georgia State Senate, Senate
Georgia House of Representatives, House of Representatives
- **term length**: 2 years
- **term limits**: None
- **motto**: _Wisdom, Justice, and Moderation_
- **leader1 type**: Lieutenant Governor of Georgia, Senate President
- **leader1**: Burt Jones
- **party1**: (Republican Party (United States), R)
- **election1**: January 9, 2023
- **leader2 type**: Senate President pro tempore
- **leader2**: John F. Kennedy (Georgia politician), John Kennedy
- **party2**: (Republican Party (United States), R)
- **election2**: January 9, 2023
- **leader3 type**: Speaker of the Georgia House of Representatives, House Speaker
- **leader3**: Jon G. Burns
- **party3**: (Republican Party (United States), R)
- **election3**: January 9, 2023
- **house1**: Georgia State Senate, Senate
- **house2**: Georgia House of Representatives, House
- **election8**: January 11, 2021
- **structure1**: Georgia State Senate 2022.svg
- **structure1 res**: 250px
- **structure2**: Georgia State House_2023.svg
- **structure2 res**: 250px
- **salary**: $17,342/year + per diem
- **members**: **236** voting members

* 56 senators
* 180 representatives
- **last election1**: 2022 Georgia State Senate election, November 8, 2022
- **last election2**: 2022 Georgia House of Representatives election, November 8, 2022
- **next election1**: 2024 Georgia State Senate election, November 5, 2024
- **next election2**: 2024 Georgia House of Representatives election, November 5, 2024
- **meeting place**: Georgia State Capitol
Atlanta
- **session room**: GeorgiaCapitolBuilding.jpg
- **session res**: 275px
- **constitution**: Constitution of Georgia (U.S. state), Constitution of Georgia
Jimmy Carter National Historical Park

The **Jimmy Carter National Historical Park**, located in Plains, Georgia, preserves sites that were connected to 39th President of the United States Jimmy Carter. These include his residence, boyhood farm, school, and the town railroad depot, which was his campaign headquarters during the 1976 election.

Carter's home is also the burial site of Carter and former First Lady Rosalynn Carter.

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Jimmy Carter National Historical Park
- **locmapin**: USA Georgia#USA
- **nrhp type**: formernhs
- **designated nrhp type**: December 23, 1987
- **nrhp type2**: nhp
- **designated nrhp type2**: 2021
- **designated other1 name**: Georgia Register of Historic Places
- **designated other1 abbr**: GRHP
- **visitation num**: 51,580
- **visitation year**: 2018
- **website**: [http://www.nps.gov/jica Jimmy Carter National Historical Park]
- **image**: Jcnhsvistctr.jpg
- **caption**: Jimmy Carter National Historical Park Visitor Center
- **location**: 300 N. Bond St., Plains, Georgia
- **refnum**: 01000272
XYYYY syndrome

**XYYYY syndrome** is a very rare genetic disorder. Males usually have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, but people with this condition have three extra Y chromosomes. They have a total of 49 chromosomes instead of 46. Only twelve known cases of it have been diagnosed and it is believed to have a frequency of less than one in one million. Little is known about XYYYY syndrome.

## Symptoms

The symptoms of XYYYY syndrome largely vary. Physical traits include hypertelorism (wide-spaced eyes), low-set ears, radioulnar synostosis (fusion of the radius and ulna bones in the arm), and clinodactyly (curved finger, usually the fifth finger). In other disorders that affect the Y chromosome, like XYY syndrome and XYYY syndrome, a tall height is common, but this is not true for XYYYY syndrome. The genitalia in people with XYYYY is normal, but azoospermia is common. This means the person cannot produce sperm and is infertile.

Mentally, mild to moderate intellectual disability has been found in every case. Autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are also common.

## History

XYYYY syndrome was first found in 1968. This case was mosaic, meaning some cells had one X chromosome and four Y chromosomes but others did not. Mosaicism is common in this condition. Of the twelve known cases, seven were not mosaic while the other five were. Some of the other chromosomes that the mosaic cells had alongside XYYYY in some people with the condition are X0 and XYYY. The first non-mosaic case (meaning every cell had one X chromosome and four Y chromosomes) was found in a 14-month-old boy 1981. When the boy was 7, a follow-up was done. This was the only long-term follow-up of XYYYY syndrome.

## Prevalence

It is estimated that less than one in one million males have XYYYY syndrome.

## Infobox (medical condition)

- **name**: XYYYY syndrome
- **image**: 49, XYYYY.png
- **alt**: Man with XYYYY syndrome
- **caption**: Man with XYYYY syndrome
- **specialty**: Medical genetics
- **onset**: Prenatal
- **duration**: Lifelong
- **diagnosis**: Karyotype
- **frequency**: Less than 1 in 1,000,000
Glyoxal

**Glyoxal** is a chemical compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It has the chemical formula  or . It is the simplest dicarbonyl, a type of chemical that has two  double bonds near each other.

Glyoxal reacts with starch and cellulose to form cross-links. Two important uses of glyoxal are to make paper that stays stronger when wet and fabric that does not wrinkle as easily.

Glyoxal is not usually made as a pure chemical, and is most commonly mixed with water.

## Structure

Glyoxal has two carbon atoms connected by a single chemical bond. Each carbon also has a bond to one hydrogen and has a double bond with one oxygen, making a functional group (chemical shape which predicts how molecules act) called an aldehyde. Since glyoxal has two aldehydes, it is called a dialdehyde.

Because each aldehyde has only one possible link to the rest of the molecule, glyoxal is the only dialdehyde where the two aldehyde groups are right next to each other (a 1,2-dialdehyde).
Al Balad FC

**Al Balad FC** is a professional football club based in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The club plays at the Saudi Fourth Division.

## Club History

Al Balad FC was established in 2024. The club was born from the passion of local youth and inspired by the culture of Jeddah. Al Balad FC aims to become a leading contender in Saudi football. The club is aims to support local talent and encourage community engagement.

## Coaching and Leadership

The coaching team is led by Alejandro Sanchez Vera. It prioritizes skill development, discipline, and nurturing local talent.

## Other websites

- Al Balad FC website
- Al Balad FC Youtube channel
- Match results

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Al Balad FC
- **founded**: 2024
- **website**: https://albaladfc.com
- **league**: Saudi Fourth Division