juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Vicolungo

**Vicolungo** is a _comune_ in the Province of Novara in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Vicolungo
- **official name**: Comune di Vicolungo
- **image skyline**: Vicolungo veduta.jpg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Novara, Novara (NO)
- **area total km2**: 13.4
- **population total**: 857
- **population as of**: Dec. 2004
- **postal code**: 28060
- **area code**: 0321
Vinzaglio

**Vinzaglio** is a _comune_ in the Province of Novara in the Piedmont region in Italy.

The Battle of Palestro was fought near the town from 30 to 31 May 1859.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Vinzaglio
- **official name**: Comune di Vinzaglio
- **image skyline**: Vinzaglio veduta.jpg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Novara, Novara (NO)
- **mayor**: Giuseppe Olivero
- **area total km2**: 15.5
- **population total**: 612
- **population as of**: Dec. 2004
- **population demonym**: Vinzagliesi
- **postal code**: 28060
- **area code**: 0161
Albera Ligure

**Albera Ligure** is a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Albera Ligure
- **official name**: Comune di Albera Ligure
- **image skyline**: Albera Ligure.jpg
- **image shield**: Albera Ligure-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Alessandria, Alessandria (AL)
- **frazioni**: Astrata, San Martino, Figino, Santa Maria, Vendersi, Vigo, Volpara
- **mayor**: Renato Lovotti
- **area total km2**: 21.4
- **population total**: 308
- **population as of**: 30 November 2017
- **population demonym**: Alberini or Albèresi
- **elevation m**: 423
- **postal code**: 15060
- **area code**: 0143
Alfiano Natta

**Alfiano Natta** is a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Alfiano Natta
- **official name**: Comune di Alfiano Natta
- **image skyline**: VIsta di Alfiano Natta, Italia.jpg
- **image shield**: Alfiano Natta-Stemma.svg
- **province**: (AL)
- **frazioni**: Cardona, Casarello, Casa Paletti, Sanico
- **mayor**: Sabrina Zeglio
- **area total km2**: 13.16
- **population total**: 739
- **population as of**: 31 December 2020
- **population demonym**: Alfianesi
- **elevation m**: 280
- **saint**: St. Marcian of Tortona, St. Marcian
- **day**: 3 June
- **postal code**: 15021
- **area code**: 0141
Edmonia Lewis

**Mary Edmonia Lewis** (, 1844 – September 17, 1907) was an American sculptor. She is known for marble statues.

## Life

Lewis was born in 1844 in Greenbush (now Rensselaer), New York. Her mother was a Native American from the Ojibwe tribe. Her father was from the country of Haiti. She was taught art at The Ladies' Department of Oberlin College in Ohio. She did not graduate, but left school in 1863 after being physically attacked by racists.

Lewis began her career by creating clay statues of famous abolitionists and American Civil War generals. Her work sold well. She made enough money to travel to Rome, Italy to see statues created by important sculptors in history.

Lewis stayed in Rome and set up a studio there. She preferred living in Europe to living in America because there was less racial prejudice there.

Lewis continued making sculptures of Native Americans and African Americans. In 1867 she made "Forever Free". In 1876 she created "the Death of Cleopatra".

Lewis died in 1907 in London, England.

In 2022 the United States Postal Service issued a stamp featuring a portrait of Lewis. It is part of the Black Heritage Stamp series.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Edmonia Lewis
- **image**: Sculptress Supreme Edmonia Lewis (49868214211) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Edmonia Lewis
- **birth name**: Mary Edmonia Lewis
- **birth place**: Greenbush (now Rensselaer, New York, Rensselaer), New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: London, England
- **movement**: Late Neoclassicism
- **field**: Sculpture
Parkesburg, Pennsylvania

**Parkesburg** is a borough in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. 3,866 people lived here at the 2020 census. The ZIP code is 19365.
Dupuy, Quebec

**Dupuy** is a municipality in Quebec, Canada. In 2021, 940 people lived there. Its area is 123.48 km².
Alluvioni Piovera

**Alluvioni Piovera** is a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy. It was created on 1 January 2018 from the former municipalities of Alluvioni Cambiò and Piovera.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Alluvioni Piovera
- **mayor**: Giuseppe Francesco Betti
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Alessandria, Alessandria (AL)
- **frazioni**: Alluvioni Cambiò, Piovera
- **area total km2**: 24.79
- **population total**: 1733
- **population as of**: 31 December 2016
- **postal code**: 15040
- **area code**: 0131
Alluvioni Cambiò

**Alluvioni Cambiò** was a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy. On 1 January 2018, the former municipalities of Alluvioni Cambiò and Piovera merged to form the new municipality of Alluvioni Piovera.
Piovera

**Piovera** was a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy. On 1 January 2018, the former municipalities of Alluvioni Cambiò and Piovera merged to form the new municipality of Alluvioni Piovera.
Altavilla Monferrato

**Altavilla Monferrato** is a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Altavilla Monferrato
- **official name**: Comune di Altavilla Monferrato
- **image skyline**: Altavilla Monferrato-panorama da municipio.jpg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Alessandria, Alessandria (AL)
- **mayor**: Pier Giuseppe Fracchia
- **area total km2**: 11.33
- **population total**: 447
- **population as of**: Dec. 2004
- **population demonym**: Altavillesi
- **elevation m**: 256
- **saint**: St. Julius of Novara
- **day**: 31 January
- **postal code**: 15041
- **area code**: 0142
Villeneuve-les-Cerfs

**Villeneuve-les-Cerfs** is a commune. It is in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in the Puy-de-Dôme department in central France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Villeneuve-les-Cerfs
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: MRSVlescerfs01.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Villeneuve-les-Cerfs (Puy-de-Dôme).svg
- **arrondissement**: Riom
- **canton**: Maringues
- **insee**: 63459
- **postal code**: 63310
- **mayor**: Roland Genestier
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Plaine Limagne
- **elevation min m**: 311
- **elevation max m**: 401
- **area km2**: 9.89
David Ospina

**David Ospina Ramírez** (born 31 August 1988) is a Colombian football player. He plays as a goalkeeper for Al Nassr and is the captain of the Colombia national team.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: David Ospina
- **image**: FWC 2018 - Round of 16 - COL v ENG - Photo 003 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Ospina with Colombia national football team, Colombia at the 2018 FIFA World Cup
- **full name**: David Ospina Ramírez
- **birth place**: Itagüí, Colombia
- **height**: 1.83 m
- **position**: Goalkeeper
- **currentclub**: Al Nassr FC, Al Nassr
- **clubnumber**: 25
- **youthclubs1**: Atlético Nacional
- **years1**: 2005–2008
- **clubs1**: Atlético Nacional
- **caps1**: 97
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 2008–2014
- **clubs2**: OGC Nice, Nice
- **caps2**: 189
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2014–2019
- **clubs3**: Arsenal F.C., Arsenal
- **caps3**: 29
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2018–2019
- **clubs4**: → S.S.C. Napoli, Napoli (loan)
- **caps4**: 17
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 2019–2022
- **clubs5**: S.S.C. Napoli, Napoli
- **caps5**: 64
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 2022–
- **clubs6**: Al Nassr FC, Al Nassr
- **caps6**: 13
- **goals6**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2005–2007
- **nationalteam1**: Colombia national under-20 football team, Colombia U20
- **nationalcaps1**: 12
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2007–
- **nationalteam2**: Colombia national football team, Colombia
- **nationalcaps2**: 127
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **pcupdate**: 14 January 2023 (UTC)
- **ntupdate**: 09:39, 19 November 2022 (UTC)
Thal-Marmoutier

**Thal-Marmoutier** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Bas-Rhin department in northeast France.
Cecilia Beaux

**Cecilia Beaux** (May 1, 1855 – September 17, 1942) was an American artist. She is best known for her portraits which were painted in the Impressionist style.

Beaux was born on May 1, 1855 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She did not have education at formal art schools. She was taught to paint by members of her family. She learned more about painting from the artists William Sartain and Adolf van der Whelen.

In 1883 Beaux started painting __ (the last days of infancy). She showed the painting at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1885. It won a prize there. It was also accepted to be shown at the 1887 Paris Salon. This painting made her important in the United States and France.

In 1895 the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts hired Beaux to teach art. She was the first woman to teach there. She taught there until 1915.

From 1888 to 1889 Beaux traveled to Europe. She learned more about painting at the Académie Julian in Paris. In 1898 she moved to New York. She also bought a summer house in Gloucester, Massachusetts. She was paid to make portraits of many famous Americans.

Beaux died on September 17, 1942 in Gloucester.

Beaux's work is in many museums including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art, the National Museum of Women in the Arts,  and the Smithsonian American Art Museum.

In 1995 the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, DC held a retrospective exhibition of her work.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Cecilia Beaux
- **image**: Cecilia Beaux self-portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Self-portrait, 1894
- **birth name**: Eliza Cecilia Beaux
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- **death place**: Gloucester, Massachusetts
- **field**: Portrait painting
- **movement**: Impressionism
Urinary incontinence

**Urinary incontinence** is another name for not being able to control when or where urination happens.

## Definition and symptoms

Urinary incontinence can mean involuntary or accidental urination. It is a common condition (especially in people over 65) and has a big effect a person's life. Other problems may exist alongside urinary continence which affect the same body area when the problem is caused by or is causing something physical. It is an important problem in healthcare for older people because it is so common.

Urinary incontinence UI (urinary tract infection) can can be a source of shame or stigmatization. This is when the urinary incontinence is caused by an UI or UTI from unsafe sex. This shame creates barriers to successful treatment and makes the problem worse. This is because some people may be too embarrassed to seek medical help for urinary incontinence.

## Cause and diagnosis

Pelvic surgery, pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause are major risk factors for urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence can be a symptom of another condition. It is common. Some people might not even tell their doctor about it. There are four main types of urinary incontinence:
- Urge incontinence due to an bladder problem
- Stress incontinence due to urethral sphincter muscle weakness
- Overflow incontinence due to either weak bladder or blockage of the urethra
- Mixed incontinence involving features of different other types

## Treatment and epidemiology

Treatments for urinary incontinence include pelvic floor muscle training, bladder training, surgery, and electrical stimulation. Councelling therapy works better than medication for stress and urge incontinence. The benefit of medications is small and long term safety is unclear. Urinary incontinence is more common in older women.

## Related pages

- Nocturnal enuresis

## Other websites

- https://nafc.org/conditions-overview/

## Infobox (medical condition (new))

- **name**: Urinary incontinence
- **image**: Female and Male Urethra.jpg
- **caption**: Anatomy of the lower urinary tract and genital system. The top diagram shows the female urinary system, and the bottom shows the male urinary system.
- **synonyms**: Involuntary urination
- **field**: Urology, gynecology
- **frequency**: Common
Rutka Laskier

**Rut Laskier**, nicknamed **Rutka Laskier** (12 June 1929 – December 1943), was a Polish girl of Jewish background, who kept a diary in the Będzin concentration camp, in early 1943.

## Life

Rutka Laskier was born _Rut Laskier_ on 12 June 1929 in Kraków, Poland, the eldest of two children. Her mother was a housewife, whilst her father Jakub Laskier, worked as a bank officer.

In late 1939, the Germans invaded Poland. When the Germans eventually reached Kraków, the family escaped to Będzin, a nearby city, from where her father's family originally came from.

The Germans reached Będzin too, shortly after, and after the Polish surrendered to the Germans, the Germans began occupying the country. A few months later, all the Jews from Będzin were deported to a concentration camp, which was located near the city.

## Death

In August 1943, Rutka and her family were deported by train to a extermination camp. Her mother and brother were gassed upon arrival, whilst her father was sent to do forced labor. Rutka was originally believed to have died in the gas chambers with her mother and brother, but when her diary was published, a Holocaust survivor Zofia Minc said that she was friends with a girl named Rutka Laskier in the camp, whom she said came from Będzin. She also said that she was friends with her until she died from a cholera epidemic in the camp in December 1943. She then stated that Rutka was taken to the gas chambers. She then said that Rutka begged her [Zofia] to take her to the electric fence, so she could kill herself. She did so, but an SS guard following them would not allow it. He then grabbed Rutka and took her away. She said that she did not know what happened to Rutka, after that. Zofia assumed that Rutka died the same day she last saw her.

## Diary

In early 1943, without her family's knowledge, Rutka kept a diary in an exercise book, writing in both ink and pencil. In it, she wrote about witnessing the Nazis persecuting the Jews, her daily life in the Będzin concentration camp, as well as about boys whom she had a crush on.

The diary begins on 19 January, with the entry "I can not grasp that it is already 1943, four years since this hell began".

According to her diary, she used to believe in God, but became a atheist when the Nazis began persecuting the Jews in Poland.

The diary ends three months later on 24 April 1943, with Rutka noting how beautiful and sunny the weather looked outside of her house.
A Good Heart

"**A Good Heart**" is a 1985 song by Northern Irish singer Feargal Sharkey. It is the first single from his first studio album _Feargal Sharkey_. The song  went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, the Netherlands and Belgium, number 74 in the United States, number 3 in New Zealand, South Africa and Switzerland and number 4 in Germany and Canada.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: A Good Heart
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Feargal Sharkey
- **album**: Feargal Sharkey (album), Feargal Sharkey
- **b-side**: * "Anger Is Holy"
* "Ghost Train Blues"
- **length**: 4:39
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin
- **writer**: Maria McKee
- **producer**: David A. Stewart
- **prev title**: Loving You (Feargal Sharkey song), Loving You
- **prev year**: 1985
- **next title**: You Little Thief
- **next year**: 1985
Raorchestes beddomii

**Beddome's bush frog** or **Beddomme's bubble-nest frog** (_Raorchestes beddomii_) is a frog.  It lives in India. Scientists have seen it in the Western Ghat Mountains, between 1200 and 1780 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in trees and bushes. People have seen it on the lower plants in tropical forests and evergreen forests. It lives in places where the tree branches do not come together like a roof all the way. This frog can live near human beings.

The frogs that live in the very southern part of this frog's home have red eyes. Frogs that live further north do not.

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out because even though it does not live in a large place, people are only changing small parts of that place, and the frog is good at living in places that humans have changed.
Będzin Ghetto

The **Będzin Ghetto** was a Nazi ghetto in the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland, located near the city of Będzin. The ghetto was first established in 1940.
Over 20,000 Jews from Będzin, along with an additional 10,000 Jews expelled from other areas where deported there.
Too Close (Next song)

"**Too Close**" is a 1998 song recorded by American pop boy band Next. It was taken from their debut studio album _Rated Next_. It contains a sample of _Christmas Rapping_ by Kurtis Blow. It went to number 1 in the United States and New Zealand, number 24 in the United Kingdom, number 75 in Scotland, number 12 in Australia and number 2 in Canada.

## Blue version

In 2001, British band Blue covered "Too Close" for their debut studio album _All Rise_. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom and New Zealand, number 5 in Australia, number 2 in Scotland, number 19 in Norway and number 17 in Ireland.

### Track listings

**UK and Australian CD single**
1. "Too Close" (radio edit) – 3:45
1. "Too Close" (Blacksmith R&B club rub) – 5:41
1. "Too Close" (instrumental) – 3:45
1. "Too Close" (video) – 3:45

**UK cassette single and European CD single**
1. "Too Close" (radio edit) – 3:45
1. "Too Close" (Blacksmith R&B club rub) – 5:41

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Too Close
- **caption**: Artwork for US single release; non-US releases use same artwork but with different titling layout
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Next (American band), Next
- **album**: Rated Next
- **length**: 4:20
- **label**: Arista Records, Arista
- **writer**: Kay Gee, Terry Brown, Robert Huggar, Raphael Brown
- **producer**: Kay Gee
- **prev title**: Butta Love
- **prev year**: 1997
- **next title**: I Still Love You
- **next year**: 1998


## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Too Close
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Blue (group), Blue
- **album**: All Rise (Blue album), All Rise
- **studio**: Ruffland (London, England), Cutfather & Joe (Copenhagen, Denmark)
- **length**: 3:47
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin, Innocent Records, Innocent
- **writer**: Kier Gist, Darren Lighty, Robert Huggar, Raphael Brown, Robert Ford Jr., Denzil Miller, James B. Moore, Kurtis Walker, Larry Smith
- **producer**: Ray Ruffin, Cutfather & Joe
- **prev title**: All Rise (song), All Rise
- **prev year**: 2001
- **next title**: If You Come Back
- **next year**: 2001
Oscar Palma

**Oscar Palma** is a weightlifter from Colombia. Palma competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on 7 October 1955.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Oscar Palma
- **nationality**: Colombian
- **sport**: Olympic weightlifting, Weightlifting
Oscar Penagos

**Oscar Penagos** is a retired weightlifter from Colombia. Penagos competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born on 2 August 1964.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Oscar Penagos
- **nationality**: Colombian
- **sport**: Olympic weightlifting, Weightlifting
Gilberto Mercado

**Gilberto Mercado** is a retired weightlifter from Colombia. Mercado competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on 2 May 1962.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Gilberto Mercado
- **nationality**: Colombian
- **sport**: Olympic weightlifting, Weightlifting
Tolentino Murillo

**Tolentino Murillo** is a weightlifter from Colombia. Murillo competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born on 29 August 1967.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Tolentino Murillo
- **nationality**: Colombian
- **sport**: Olympic weightlifting, Weightlifting
Pyelonephritis

**Pyelonephritis**  is inflammation of the kidney. Bacterial infection is a common cause. Inflammation may affect one or both kidneys. Symptoms most often include fever and the side of the body hurting between the ribs and the hips. Other symptoms include nausea, a burning feeling when urinating (peeing), and unusually frequent urination. Complications may include pus around the kidney, sepsis (an infection that is out of control, often of the blood), or kidney failure. This can also happen in pets and other animals.

Usually, antibiotics are used to treat the infection. In some cases, a stay in hospital may be required. Urinating after sex and drinking a lot of water may prevent it.
Youth Gone Wild

"**Youth Gone Wild**" is the debut single from American glam metal band Skid Row. It is the leading single from their debut studio album _Skid Row_ and went to number 99 in the United States and number 22 in the United Kingdom when it charted in 1992.

### 7" vinyl, CC, Japan mini CD

1. "Youth Gone Wild"
1. "Sweet Little Sister"

### UK 7" shaped vinyl

1. "Youth Gone Wild"
1. "Rattleshake Snake (live)"

### UK 12" vinyl

1. "Youth Gone Wild"
1. "Makin' A Mess (live)
1. "Sweet Little Sister"

### Youth Gone Wild/Delivering The Goods UK 7" vinyl, CC (1992)

1. "Youth Gone Wild"
1. "Delivering the Goods" (live, Judas Priest cover)

### Youth Gone Wild/Delivering The Goods UK 12" vinyl, CD (1992)

1. "Youth Gone Wild"
1. "Delivering the Goods" (live, Judas Priest cover)
1. "Psycho Therapy (Ramones cover)"
1. "Get the Fuck Out"

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Youth Gone Wild
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Skid Row (American band), Skid Row
- **album**: Skid Row (Skid Row album), Skid Row
- **released**: January 1989 (US)
- **recorded**: 1988
- **genre**: Glam metal
- **length**: 3:21
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **writer**: Rachel Bolan, Dave Sabo
- **producer**: Michael Wagener
- **next title**: 18 and Life
- **next year**: 1989


## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Youth Gone Wild/ Delivering the Goods
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Skid Row (American band), Skid Row
- **album**: B-Side Ourselves
- **released**: 17 August 1992 (UK)
- **genre**: Glam metal
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **writer**: Rachel Bolan, Dave Sabo
- **producer**: Michael Wagener
- **prev title**: Quicksand Jesus
- **prev year**: 1992
- **next title**: My Enemy (Skid Row song), My Enemy
- **next year**: 1995
Paper Plane (song)

"**Paper Plane**" is a 1972 song by British rock band Status Quo. It was taken from their fifth studio album _Piledriver_. It went to number 8 in the United Kingdom, number 11 in Ireland and number 42 in Germany. In 2007, it was covered by Persephone's Bees.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Paper Plane
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Status Quo
- **album**: Piledriver (album), Piledriver
- **b-side**: Softer Ride
- **recorded**: 1972
- **genre**: Hard rock, Heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **length**: 3:00
- **label**: Vertigo Records, Vertigo
- **writer**: Francis Rossi
Bob Young (musician), Bob Young
- **producer**: Status Quo
- **prev title**: Tune to the Music
- **prev year**: 1971
- **next title**: Mean Girl
- **next year**: 1973
Are You Growing Tired of My Love

"**Are You Growing Tired of My Love**" is a 1969 song by British rock band Status Quo. It was taken from their second studio album _Spare Parts_. It went to number 46 in the United Kingdom.

## Track listing

1. "Are You Growing Tired of My Love" (A King) – 3:33
1. "So Ends Another Life" (Lancaster) – 3:10

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Are You Growing Tired of My Love
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Status Quo
- **album**: Spare Parts (album), Spare Parts
- **b-side**: So Ends Another Life
- **genre**: Psychedelic rock
- **length**: 3:33
- **label**: Pye Records, Pye
- **writer**: Anthony King (songwriter), Anthony King
- **producer**: John Schroeder (musician), John Schroeder
- **prev title**: Make Me Stay a Bit Longer
- **prev year**: 1969
- **next title**: The Price of Love (The Everly Brothers song), The Price of Love
- **next year**: 1969
Tremonton, Utah

**Tremonton** is a city in Box Elder County, Utah, United States.
Willard, Utah

**Willard** is a city in Box Elder County, Utah, United States.
Deweyville, Utah

**Deweyville** is a town in Box Elder County, Utah, United States.
Ice in the Sun

"**Ice in the Sun**" is a 1968 song by British band Status Quo and is the third single from their debut studio album _Picturesque Matchstickable Messages from the Status Quo_. It went to number 8 in the United Kingdom, number 70 in the United States, number 29 in Canada, number 17 in Ireland and Germany and number 48 in Belgium and Australia.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Ice in the Sun
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Status Quo (band), The Status Quo
- **album**: Picturesque Matchstickable Messages from the Status Quo
- **b-side**: When My Mind Is Not Live
- **recorded**: 1968
- **genre**: Psychedelic rock
- **length**: 2:14
- **label**: Pye Records
- **writer**: Marty Wilde
Ronnie Scott (songwriter), Ronnie Scott
- **producer**: John Schroeder (musician), John Schroeder
- **prev title**: Black Veils of Melancholy
- **prev year**: 1968
- **next title**: Make Me Stay a Bit Longer
- **next year**: 1969
Belfast Child

"**Belfast Child**" is a 1989 song by Scottish band Simple Minds and is the leading single from their eighth studio album _Street Fighting Years_. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Ireland and also went to the top ten in New Zealand, Belgium, Greece, Germany, Switzerland, Norway, Italy and Spain.

## Track listings

**7" vinyl**

**12" vinyl**

**CD**

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Belfast Child [Ballad of the Streets]
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Simple Minds
- **album**: Street Fighting Years
- **genre**: Progressive folk
- **length**: 6:39
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin
- **writer**: Music: Traditional music, traditional
Lyrics: Simple Minds (Jim Kerr, Charlie Burchill and Mick MacNeil)
- **producer**: Trevor Horn,
Stephen Lipson
- **prev title**: Don't You (Forget About Me)
- **prev year**: 1988
- **next title**: This Is Your Land
- **next year**: 1989
Common Technical Document

The **Common Technical Document** (**CTD**) is a set of rules for information to be supplied for the registration of medicines.  It was made by the European Medicines Agency, the Food and Drug Administration and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan) in 1989. It is now used in most of the world.  It was adopted in Australia in 2004.   It means that medicines can be traded across borders.

PipelinePharma has an online marketplace with  more than 9 900 European CTD dossiers.
Laparoscopy

**Laparoscopy** is a surgical technique. It is commonly called "keyhole surgery". The surgery is done through a small incision (~opening or cut). This is a "minimally invasive procedure". Its benefits include: reduced pain, reduced bleeding, and shorter recovery time.
It needs special surgical instruments, and a fibre optic system so the surgeon can see into the right place.

The first laparoscopic procedure was performed by German surgeon Georg Kelling in 1901.
European Medicines Agency

The **European Medicines Agency** (**EMA**) is an agency of the European Union. It manages the  evaluation and quality of pharmaceutical products.  It started in 1995.  The idea was to make it easier for companies to sell medicines in all the different countries without having to meet different rules in each one. It also encourages competition across borders.

Until 2019 it was in London, but after Brexit it moved to Amsterdam.

It checks the safety of medicines through a pharmacovigilance network which collects adverse drug reaction reports.
Ichthyosporea

The **Ichthyosporea** (or **DRIP** clade, or **Mesomycetozoea**) is a group of microscopic organisms within the Opisthokont group. They are mostly parasites of fish and other animals.

## Terminology

The original name, _ichthyosporea_, described the first discovered species in the group (such as Sphaeroforma arctica). They were all parasites of fish.

## Phylogeny

Its main groups are Dermocystida and Ichthyophonida
Love Is the Drug

"**Love Is the Drug**" is a 1975 song by English rock band Roxy Music. It is the leading single from their fifth studio album _Siren_. It went to number 2 in the United Kingdom, number 3 in Canada, number 30 in the United States, number 18 in Australia, number 24 in New Zealand, number 9 in the Netherlands and number 15 in Belgium. It was covered by Jamaican singer Grace Jones in 1980.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Love Is the Drug
- **border**: yes
- **caption**: 1975 Italian single artwork
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Roxy Music
- **album**: Siren (Roxy Music album), Siren
- **b-side**: Sultanesque
- **released**: 26 September 1975
- **length**: 4:11
- **label**: E.G. Records, EG
- **producer**: Chris Thomas (record producer), Chris Thomas
- **prev title**: The Thrill of It All (song), The Thrill of It All
- **prev year**: 1974
- **next title**: Both Ends Burning
- **next year**: 1975
Víctor Martín

**Víctor Martín** is a swimmer from Spain. Martín competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He was born on 25 September 1993.

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **name**: Víctor Martín
- **nationality**: Spanish
Günther Hasler

**Günther Hasler** is a middle-distance runner from Liechtenstein. Hasler competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born on 2 May 1951.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Günther Hasler
- **nationality**: Liechtenstein
- **sport**: Middle-distance running
- **event**: 800 metres
Bobby Mills

**Albert Robert Mills** was a long-distance runner from England. Mills competed at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics. He was born on 16 January 1894 and died on 6 December 1964.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Bobby Mills
- **image**: Bobby Mills 1920.jpg
- **caption**: Bobby Mills in 1920
- **nationality**: British
- **sport**: Long-distance running
- **event**: Marathon
- **club**: Leicester Harriers
- **pb**: 2:37:40.4 (1920)
- **birth place**: Fishtoft, Benington, Lincolnshire, England
- **death place**: Wyberton, Lincolnshire, England
- **show-medals**: yes
Ján Žiška

**Ján Žiška** is a rower from Slovakia. Žiška competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics. He was born on 29 January 1971.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Ján Žiška
- **nationality**: Slovak
- **sport**: rowing (sport), Rowing
- **birth place**: Bratislava, Slovakia
Marijke Zeekant

**Marijke Zeekant** is a rower from Netherlands. Zeekant competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics. She was born on 12 December 1956.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Marijke Zeekant
- **image**: Marijke-zeekant.jpg
- **caption**: Marijke Zeekant in 2009
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **sport**: rowing (sport), Rowing
- **birth place**: Medemblik, Netherlands
Bruno Barabani

**Bruno Barabani** is a retired weightlifter from Brazil. Barabani competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics, the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was born on 26 July 1932 and died on 28 March 2015.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Bruno Barabani
- **nationality**: Brazilian
- **sport**: Olympic weightlifting, Weightlifting
- **birth place**: São Paulo, Brazil
Luiz de Almeida

**Luiz de Almeida** is a weightlifter from Brazil. Almeida competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born on 20 August 1941.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Luiz de Almeida
- **nationality**: Brazilian
- **sport**: Olympic weightlifting, Weightlifting
- **birth place**: Mucugê, Brazil
Aad de Koning

**Aad de Koning** was a speed skater from Netherlands. Koning competed at the 1948 Winter Olympics. He was born on 25 December 1928 and died on 29 May 2010.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Aad de Koning
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **sport**: Speed skating
- **birth place**: Purmerend, Netherlands
- **death place**: Zuidoostbeemster, Netherlands
Khalifa Diouf

**Khalifa Ababacar Diouf** is a retired judoka from Senegal. Diouf competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics, the 1992 Summer Olympics, and the 1996 Summer Olympics. He was born on 24 March 1958.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Khalifa Diouf
- **nationality**: Senegalese
- **sport**: Judo
Mucugê

**Mucugê** is an Brazilian municipality in the state of Bahia. In 2020, 8,889 people lived there.

Mucugê Airport is in the municipality.
Abdoulaye Djiba

**Abdoulaye Djiba** is a judoka from Senegal. Djiba competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics and the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born on 7 July 1938.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Abdoulaye Djiba
- **nationality**: Senegalese
- **sport**: Judo
M'Bagnick M'Bodj

**M'Bagnick M'Bodj** is a judoka from Senegal. M'Bodj competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born on 7 August 1940.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: M'Bagnick M'Bodj
- **nationality**: Senegalese
- **sport**: Judo
Mohamed Hamad

**Mohamed Hamad** is a retired wrestler from Egypt. Hamad competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born on 10 September 1951.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Mohamed Hamad
- **nationality**: Egyptian
- **sport**: Wrestling
Dick ten Cate

**Dick ten Cate** (24 March 1914 – 13 December 1969) was a equestrian from the Netherlands. Ten Cate competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (equestrian)

- **name**: Dick ten Cate
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **discipline**: Eventing
- **birth place**: Purmerend, Netherlands
- **death place**: Meppel, Netherlands
Iván Mangual

**Félix Iván Mangual Guilbe** is a sprinter from Puerto Rico. Mangual competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born on 22 July 1951.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Iván Mangual
- **full name**: Félix Iván Mangual Guilbe
- **nationality**: Puerto Rican
- **sport**: Sprinting
- **event**: 400 metres
Abdel Fattah Sayed Ibrahim

**Abdel Fattah Sayed Ibrahim** is a retired wrestler from Egypt. Ibrahim competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born on 3 February 1947.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Abdel Fattah Sayed Ibrahim
- **nationality**: Egyptian
- **sport**: Wrestling
Monnickendam

**Monnickendam** is a city in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Waterland. It has had city rights since 1355.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Monnickendam
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Monnickendam, Haven - panoramio.jpg
- **image shield**: Monnickendam wapen.svg
- **image flag**: Monnickendam vlag.png
- **image map**: LocatieWaterland.png
- **image map1**: Map NL - Waterland - Monnickendam.png
- **map caption1**: The town centre (dark green) and the statistical district (light green) of Monnickendam in the municipality of Waterland
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Netherlands
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: North Holland
- **subdivision type2**: Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Waterland
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area footnotes**:  (2012)
- **area total ha**: 1536
- **area land ha**: 1464
- **area water ha**: 72
- **population as of**: 2012
- **population total**: 9,915
- **population density km2**: auto
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in the Netherlands, Postal code
- **postal code**: 1140–1141
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in the Netherlands, Area code
- **area code**: 0299
Maranello

**Maranello** is a city and _comune_ in the Province of Modena in Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy. It is 18 km from Modena. 17,504 people lived there in 2017. It is known worldwide as the home of Ferrari and the Formula 1 racing team Scuderia Ferrari.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Maranello
- **official name**: Commune di Maranello
- **image skyline**: Municipality of Maranello in 2018.04.jpg
- **image caption**: The Prancing Horse, symbol of Ferrari, which has its headquarters in Maranello
- **image shield**: Maranello-Stemma.svg
- **shield size**: 45px
- **region**: Emilia-Romagna
- **province**: Province of Modena, Modena (MO)
- **frazioni**: Bell'Italia, Fogliano, Gorzano, Pozza, San Venanzio, Torre delle Oche, Torre Maina
- **mayor party**: Democratic Party
- **mayor**: Luigi Zironi
- **area total km2**: 32
- **population total**: 17504
- **population as of**: 30 September 2017
- **population demonym**: Maranellesi
- **elevation m**: 137
- **saint**: Saint Blaise
- **postal code**: 41053
- **area code**: 0536
Teun Buijs

**Teun Buijs** is a volleyball player from Netherlands. Buijs competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics. He was born on 24 February 1960.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Teun Buijs
- **image**: Teun Buijs 2013 03.jpg
- **caption**: Teun Buijs in 2013
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **sport**: Volleyball
- **birth place**: Oostzaan, Netherlands
Pogliano Milanese

**Pogliano Milanese** is a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Pogliano Milanese
- **official name**: Comune di Pogliano Milanese
- **image skyline**: PoglianoMilaneseChiesaSantaRita.JPG
- **image shield**: Pogliano Milanese-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Lombardy
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Milan, Milan (MI)
- **frazioni**: Bettolino
- **mayor**: Carmine Lavanga
- **area total km2**: 4.7
- **population total**: 8379
- **population as of**: 24 December 2017
- **population demonym**: Poglianesi
- **elevation m**: 127
- **postal code**: 20005
- **area code**: 02
Boubacar Sow

**Boubacar Sow** is a judoka from Senegal. Sow competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He was born on 28 November 1957.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Boubacar Sow
- **nationality**: Senegalese
- **sport**: Judo
Pregnana Milanese

**Pregnana Milanese** is a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Pregnana Milanese
- **official name**: Comune di Pregnana Milanese
- **image shield**: Pregnana Milanese-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Lombardy
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Milan, Milan (MI)
- **mayor**: Angelo Bosani
- **area total km2**: 5.07
- **population total**: 7306
- **population as of**: 1 January 2017
- **population demonym**: Pregnanesi
- **elevation m**: 154
- **postal code**: 20010
- **area code**: 02
Vaduz Castle

**Vaduz Castle** is a castle in Liechtenstein which serves as the home of the royal family of Liechtenstein.

It was built in the 12th century by the Counts of Vaduz. It was bought by the Liechtenstein family in 1712.

The castle is located on a hill and overlooks the town of Vaduz.
Vanzago

**Vanzago** is a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Vanzago
- **official name**: Comune di Vanzago
- **image skyline**: Vanzago - chiesa dei Santi Ippolito e Cassiano.jpg
- **image shield**: Vanzago-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Lombardy
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Milan, Milan (MI)
- **frazioni**: Mantegazza, Valdarenne, Tre Campane
- **area total km2**: 6.2
- **population total**: 7615
- **population as of**: Dec. 2004
- **population demonym**: Vanzaghesi
- **elevation m**: 154
- **postal code**: 20043
- **area code**: 02
Arluno

**Arluno** is a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Arluno
- **official name**: Comune di Arluno
- **image skyline**: Piazza Pozzobonelli foto drone 30 marzo 2014.jpg
- **image shield**: Arluno-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Lombardy
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Milan, Milan (MI)
- **frazioni**: Cascina Poglianasca, Rogorotto, Cascina Malpensa, Cascina Frisasca
- **mayor**: Moreno Agolli
- **area total km2**: 12.4
- **population total**: 11882
- **population as of**: 31 January 2015
- **population demonym**: Arlunesi
- **elevation m**: 156
- **postal code**: 20010
- **area code**: 02
Sedriano

**Sedriano** is a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Sedriano
- **official name**: Comune di Sedriano
- **image shield**: Sedriano-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Lombardy
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Milan, Milan (MI)
- **frazioni**: Roveda
- **mayor**: Angelo Cipriani
- **area total km2**: 7.9
- **population total**: 11969
- **population as of**: 31 December 2015
- **population demonym**: Sedrianesi
- **elevation m**: 145
- **postal code**: 20018
- **area code**: 02
Cisliano

**Cisliano** is a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Cisliano
- **official name**: Comune di Cisliano
- **image skyline**: ParrocchiaCisliano.jpg
- **image shield**: Cisliano-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Lombardy
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Milan, Milan (MI)
- **mayor**: Luca Durè
- **area total km2**: 14.7
- **population total**: 4857
- **population as of**: 30 June 2017
- **population demonym**: Cislianesi
- **elevation m**: 128
- **saint**: St. John the Baptist
- **postal code**: 20080
- **area code**: 02
Cornaredo

**Cornaredo** is a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Cornaredo
- **official name**: Comune di Cornaredo
- **image skyline**: Parrocchiale Cornaredo.JPG
- **image shield**: Cornaredo-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Lombardy
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Milan, Milan (MI)
- **frazioni**: San Pietro all'Olmo, Cascina Croce, Cascina Torrette, Favaglie San Rocco
- **mayor**: Yuri Santagostino
- **area total km2**: 13.6
- **population total**: 20301
- **population as of**: 28 February 2014
- **population demonym**: Cornaredesi
- **elevation m**: 145
- **postal code**: 20010
- **area code**: 02
Hans Adam I, Prince of Liechtenstein

**Hans-Adam I** (16 August 1662 – 16 June 1712) was the 3rd Prince of Liechtenstein and the first holder of the title to rule over the Principality of Liechtenstein.

He was the son of Prince Karl Eusebius. Hans-Adam inherited his title after Karl Eusebius died in 1984.

His family, the House of Liechtenstein were nobles in the Holy Roman Empire. They came from a castle in Austria named Liechtenstein Castle. Hans-Adam I was also the Duke of Troppau and Duke of Jägerndorf.

He was the owner of many art collections and was known for being very rich.

In 1699, Hans-Adam I bought the Lordship of Schellenberg. In 1712, he also bought the County of Vaduz. He combined the two territories to form the Principality of Liechtenstein.

Hans-Adam I had seven children. He was succeeded as Prince of Liechtenstein by Joseph-Wenzel I, his cousin.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Hans-Adam I
- **image**: Johann Adam Andreas v Liechtenstein.jpg
- **succession**: Prince of Liechtenstein
- **reign**: 5 April 1684 – 16 June 1712
- **predecessor**: Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein, Karl Eusebius
- **successor**: Joseph Wenzel I, Prince of Liechtenstein, Joseph Wenzel I
- **birth place**: Brünn
- **death place**: Vienna
- **burial place**: Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, Brünn
- **spouse**: Erdmuthe Maria Theresia of Dietrichstein, Princess Edmunda Maria of Dietrichstein-Nikolsburg
- **full name**: Johann Adam Andreas
- **house**: Princely Family of Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein
- **father**: Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein
- **mother**: Johanna Beatrix of Dietrichstein
Parabiago

**Parabiago** is an Italian city in Lombardy. About 27,800 people live there.
San Vittore Olona

**San Vittore Olona** is a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: San Vittore Olona
- **official name**: Comune di San Vittore Olona
- **image skyline**: San Vittore Olona-Mulino Montoli.jpg
- **image shield**: San Vittore Olona-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Lombardy
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Milan, Milan (MI)
- **mayor**: Marilena Vercesi<small>
 elected 2009-06-07</small>
- **area total km2**: 3.4
- **population total**: 7982
- **population as of**: Dec. 2004
- **population demonym**: Sanvittoresi
- **elevation m**: 197
- **saint**: Victor Maurus, San Vittore
- **day**: 8 May
- **postal code**: 20028
- **area code**: 0331
San Giorgio su Legnano

**San Giorgio su Legnano** is a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: San Giorgio su Legnano
- **official name**: Comune di San Giorgio su Legnano
- **image skyline**: Via Gerli SGSL2.JPG
- **image shield**: San Giorgio su Legnano-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Lombardy
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Milan, Milan (MI)
- **mayor**: Walter Cecchin
- **area total km2**: 2.17
- **population total**: 6785
- **population as of**: 28 February 2017
- **population demonym**: Sangiorgesi
- **elevation m**: 198
- **saint**: Saint George
- **day**: April 23
- **postal code**: 20010
- **area code**: 0331
Hypomania

**Hypomania** is a condition similar to mania but less severe. The symptoms are similar with elevated mood, increased activity, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, racing thoughts, and the like. However, hypomanic episodes differ in that they do not cause significant distress or impair one's work, family, or social life in an obvious way while manic episodes do.

Hypomanic people tend to be unusually cheerful, have more than ample energy, and need little sleep. Hypomania is a pleasurable state. It may confer a heightened sense of creativity and power. However, hypomania can subtly impair a person's judgment. Too much confidence can hide the consequences of decisions.

Hypomania can be difficult to diagnose because it may seem like mere happiness. It is important to diagnose hypomania because, as an expression of bipolar disorder, it can cycle into depression and carry an increased risk of suicide.

Hypomania has a reputation for being difficult to treat. There are anti-psychotics and anti-manic drugs, but above all, a person who shows these symptoms needs specialist attention.
Busto Garolfo

**Busto Garolfo** () is a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Lombardy region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Busto Garolfo
- **official name**: Comune di  Busto Garolfo
- **image skyline**: Busto_Garolfo_-_Palazzo_Molteni.jpg
- **image caption**: Palazzo Molteni.
- **image shield**: Busto Garolfo-Stemma.svg
- **image map**: Map of comune of Busto Garolfo (province of Milan, region Lombardy, Italy).svg
- **map caption**: Busto Garolfo within the Metropolitan City of Milan
- **region**: Lombardy
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Milan, Milan (MI)
- **frazioni**: Olcella
- **mayor**: Susanna Biondi
- **area total km2**: 12.8
- **population total**: 13752
- **population as of**: 28 February 2014
- **population demonym**: Bustesi
- **elevation m**: 180
- **saint**: Beata Vergine del Rosario e santa Croce
- **postal code**: 20038
- **area code**: 0331