juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Gerald P. Carmen

**Gerald Posner "Jerry" Carmen** (July 8, 1930 – September 1, 2023) was an American businessman and politician. He was born in Quincy, Massachusetts. He was a member of the Republican Party. From 1981 to 1984, he was the Administrator of the General Services Administration during the Ronald Reagan presidency.

Carmen died on September 1, 2023, at the age of 93.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gerald P. Carmen
- **image**: Gerald P. Carmen 174-CD-L03-07-25B-007 (cropped).jpg
- **office1**: President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Asset Disposition Association
- **president1**: Ronald Reagan
George H. W. Bush
- **term start1**: February 24, 1988
- **term end1**: 1989
- **predecessor1**: Roslyn B. Payne
- **office2**: 10th Representative of the United States to the European Office of the United Nations, United States Ambassador to the United Nations International Organizations in Geneva
- **president2**: Ronald Reagan
- **term start2**: April 12, 1984
- **term end2**: August 31, 1986
- **predecessor2**: Geoffrey Swaebe
- **successor2**: Joseph Carlton Petrone
- **office3**: 12th General Services Administration, Administrator of the General Services Administration
- **president3**: Ronald Reagan
- **term start3**: May 26, 1981
- **term end3**: February 29, 1984
- **predecessor3**: Rowland G. Freeman III
- **successor3**: Terence C. Golden
- **birth place**: Quincy, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
Whitewater controversy

The **Whitewater controversy**, **Whitewater scandal**, or simply **Whitewater**, was an American political controversy during the 1990s. It began with an investigation into the real estate investments of Bill and Hillary Clinton in the Whitewater Development Corporation. Neither Bill Clinton nor Hillary Clinton were ever prosecuted, after three separate inquiries found lack of evidence linking them with the criminal conduct.

A March 1992 _New York Times_ article published during the 1992 U.S. presidential campaign reported that the Clintons, then governor and first lady of Arkansas, had invested and lost money in the Whitewater Development Corporation.

Lewis looked for connections between the savings and loan company and the Clintons, and on September 2, 1992, she submitted a criminal referral to the FBI naming Bill and Hillary Clinton as witnesses in the Madison Guaranty case.

David Hale, the source of criminal allegations against the Clintons, claimed in November 1993 that Bill Clinton had pressured him into providing an illegal $300,000 loan to Susan McDougal, the Clintons' partner in the Whitewater land deal.

Jim Guy Tucker, Bill Clinton's replacement as governor, was convicted of fraud and sentenced to four years of probation for his role in the controversy.
Guyanese Americans

**Guyanese Americans** are an ethnic group of Americans who can trace their ancestry back to Guyana. As of 2011, there are 208,899 Guyanese Americans currently living in the United States. The majority of Guyanese live in New York City – some 140,000 – making them the fifth-largest foreign-born population in the city.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **population**: **208,899 (±11,894)**
- **popplace**: New York (state), New York New Jersey Florida Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia California Texas PennsylvaniaMaryland
- **langs**: English language, EnglishGuyanese CreoleCaribbean Hindustani#Guyanese Hindustani, Guyanese Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu)Portuguese language, PortugueseChinese language, ChineseKapóng language, AkawaioMacushi language, MacushiWaiwai language, WaiwaiArawakan languages, ArawakPatamona language, PatamonaWarao language, WarrauCarib language, CaribWapishana people, WapishanaCariban languages, Arekuna
- **rels**: ChristianityHinduismIslam
- **related**: Trinidadian and Tobagonian AmericansSurinamese AmericansWest Indian Americans, Caribbean AmericansIndo-Caribbean AmericansAfrican AmericansChinese AmericansPortuguese Americans
Jamaican Americans

**Jamaican American** or **Jamerican** are an ethnic group of Caribbean Americans who have full or partial Jamaican ancestry.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Jamaican Americans
- **total**: **1,091,482**
**0.3% of the U.S. population (2013)**
- **popplace**: Majority in New York (state), New York, Florida, Connecticut, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, Pennsylvania and New Jersey
 Smaller numbers in other parts of the country, including North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Massachusetts, Ohio, Illinois, Texas and California
- **langs**: English (American English, Jamaican English), Jamaican Patois
- **rels**: Predominantly Protestantism. Some adherents of Catholicism, Islam and other faiths.
- **related**: British Jamaicans, Jamaican British, Jamaican Canadians, Chinese Jamaicans, Afro-Jamaicans, Jamaicans of African ancestry, Indo-Jamaicans, Jamaican Australians, African Americans, Afro Americans, Hakka Americans, West Africans in the United States, West Africans
West Indian Americans

**West Indian Americans** or **Caribbean Americans** are Americans who can trace their ancestry to the Caribbean, unless they are of native descent. As of 2016, about 13 million  — about 4% of the total U.S. population — have Caribbean ancestry.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Caribbean Americans
- **population**: 13 million (about 4% of total U.S. population)
- **popplace**: <small>mainly in the metropolitan area of New York and Miami, to a lesser degree Orlando, Tampa, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington and Atlanta, among others. </small>
 Majority in the states of New York (state), New York, Florida, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Maryland and Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia and the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
 <small> Smaller populations in Texas, California, Illinois, Ohio, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana and Rhode Island. </small>
- **langs**: American English, English-based creole languages (Jamaican Patois, Jamaican Creole, Jamaican Patois, Trinidadian Creole, Tobagonian Creole, Bajan Creole, Sranan Tongo, Virgin Islands Creole, etc.), French language, French, French-based creole languages (Haitian Creole, Antillean Creole), Caribbean Spanish, Spanish
- **rels**: Predominantly: Christianity, Hinduism, Islam
Minority: Yoruba religion, Yoruba, Rastafari, Traditional African religion, Traditional African Religion, Afro-American religions, Native American religion, Amerindian Religion, Buddhism, Judaism, Jainism, Baháʼí Faith, Baháʼí, East Asian religions
- **related**: Taíno, Arawak, English people, English, French people, French, Dutch people, Dutch, Germans, German, Asian people, Asian, Black Canadians, Caribbean Canadians, Black Canadians, Black British
Hypogamy

**Hypogamy** is marrying someone considered to be of lower economic or social class or caste. Hypogamy has been found to be practiced more by men than by women. For men power and control is the one of the strongest attainments and what often leads them to pursue a hypogamous relationship. The idea of power and control is made possible by the gender roles and expectations that society has instilled in both men and women. Societal institutions have created deeply rooted systematic differences between men and women and an idea of how far women can go socially, professionally, and economically. Immigration and citizenship have influenced the goal of marriage, consequentially creating hypogamy on the personal level.
Moldovan Americans

**Moldovan Americans** are Americans who are from Moldova or are descended from Moldovans. According to the U.S. 2000 census, there were 7,859 Moldovan Americans in the United States. However, the American Community Survey indicated that the number of Moldovan immigrants greatly increased over the years, and in 2014 exceeded 40,000 people in the United States. Most Moldovan Americans are Eastern Orthodox.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Moldovan Americans
- **population**: **7,859** (Moldovan ancestry, 2000 US Census)

**47,156** (Moldovan-born, 2017 American Community Survey)
- **langs**: Romanian language, Romanian, American English, Russian language, Russian
- **rels**: Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, Protestantism, Judaism
- **popplace**: Asheville, North Carolina, Asheville (North Carolina), New York City, New York and Washington, D.C.
- **related**: Romanian American, Romanian, Ukrainian Americans, Ukrainian, Russian Americans, Russian
Mediterranean tree frog

The **Mediterranean tree frog** or **stripeless tree frog** (_Hyla meridionalis_) is a frog from Africa and Europe.  It lives in parts of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Portugal, Spain, France and Italy where there is plenty of water in the air.

## Appearance

The adult male frog is 55 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 65 mm long.  It has disks on its toes for climbing.  Its belly is white or almost white.  Its back is green, yellow or green-yellow.  It can change color.  It has two dark stripes, one on each side of its head.  The stripe starts at the nose and goes over the eye and ear to the shoulder.

## Reproductive biology

The beginning and the duration of the reproductive period are very different. In southern France it extends from April to June, in Portugal from December to January (and later), in North Africa from March to April, in Tenerife from December to May. Sometimes she experiences an interruption due to bad weather. This is not uncommon for the Mediterranean tree frogs of the Camargue, France, when the mistral brings cold air from the Massif Central to the coast and causes a sudden fall in the weather there. Female frogs lay eggs on groups of plants near the edge of a body of water.  The tadpoles hatch after eight to ten days.  The very largest tadpoles grow to 5.5 cm long.  They become frogs after three or four months.  The frogs eat insects and insect-like animals, for example spiders.
Azerbaijani Americans

**Azerbaijani Americans** () or **Azeri Americans** () are Americans of the Azerbaijani ancestry from Azerbaijan and Iranian Azerbaijan region or people possessing Azerbaijani, Iranian, and/or American citizenship. Most Azerbaijani Americans have immigrated to the United States from Azerbaijan, Iran, Germany, Georgia, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Azerbaijani Americans
- **popplace**: New York City Metropolitan Area,Greater Houston, San Francisco Bay area, Greater Los Angeles Area, Greater Los Angeles, New Jersey, Chicago Metropolitan Area, Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex and other.
- **population**: **14,205** and Iranian Azerbaijanis  **40,400** (Census 2000) = **54,605**
- **langs**: Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijani, American English
<small>Persian language, Persian and Russian language, Russian</small>
- **religions**: Predominantly Shia Islam
- **related**: Turkish Americans
Turkish diaspora
Lebanese Americans

**Lebanese Americans** () are Americans of Lebanese descent. This includes both those who are native to the United States as well as Lebanese immigrants to America.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Lebanese Americans
- **image**:
- **population**: **504,499** (born)
 **489,702** (ancestry)
- **popplace**: Michigan, California, New York (state), New York, Florida, Ohio, Massachusetts, Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Arizona, New Jersey, Washington (U.S. state), Washington
- **languages**: American English, Lebanese Arabic, Armenian language, Armenian, French language, French
- **religions**: Majority: Christianity in Lebanon, Christianity (Maronite Christianity in Lebanon, Maronite Catholic, Greek Orthodox Christianity in Lebanon, Orthodox, Melkite Christianity in Lebanon, Melkite Catholic, Protestantism)
 Minorities: Islam in Lebanon, Muslim (Shia Islam in Lebanon, Shia, Sunni Islam in Lebanon, Sunni), Druze, and History of the Jews in Lebanon, Judaism.
- **related-c**: Other Lebanese peopleSyrian AmericansPalestinian AmericansArab Americans
Argentine Americans

**Argentine Americans** are people in or from the United States who have at least one ancestor from Argentina.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **pop**: **286,346** (2018)
0.09% of the U.S. population (2018)
- **popplace**: Florida, Texas, California, Illinois, New York (state), New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Pennsylvania
- **langs**: American English, Spanish (Rioplatense Spanish, Cordobés Spanish)
- **rels**: Predominantly Roman Catholic Church
 Religion in the United States, Others
- **related**: Uruguayan Americans, Spanish Americans, Italian Americans
Types of crushing machines

Crushers are machines used to reduce the size of rocks, stones and ore. They are often utilized in aggregates production, construction material recycling and in mining operations.

There are four traditional types of crushers in materials engineering. They are known as jaw crushers, gyratory crushers, cone crushers and roll crushers. The first two crushers mentioned are the most common when it comes to mineral processing. Roll crushers are a relatively new type of crusher and they are just starting to become more and more popular in mineral processing.

The main idea behind how jaw crushers work is that there is a hinge plate that moves back and forth with a fixed plate is held up against the prior hinge plate. The beginning of the process has the jaws of the crusher open to receive a rock. The hinge plate, like a big jaw-bone, bites down on the rock and crushes it.

Gyratory crushers have a conical outer wall and a large spindle suspended from a bearing. There is a circular propeller at the bottom of the crusher that oscillates, spins around, really fast and compresses the rocks that enter.

For roll crushers, there are two side by side rolls, one fixed and the other can move a little bit from side to side. The gap between the rollers is what determines the output size of the rocks. Forcing rocks through these gaps produces a large amount of shear stress on them and causes them to break apart.

Cone Crushers are compression-type crushers that are typically found in secondary crushing stages but can be used as the primary crusher in certain applications. They handle medium hard to very hard, abrasive materials that can be dry or wet but not sticky. Cone Crushers are typically found in quarried materials and sand and gravel applications.
Bisection method

The **bisection method** is a way to estimate solutions for single equations. When we solve one equation, this method can help us to get a number that is very close to the real solution.

Think about a continuous function F(x). If the curve of F(x) passes through the x-axis, it means that there must be one specific x number which makes F(x) = 0, in other words, a solution. But how to judge whether the curve passes the x-axis or not? We pick one section with lower boundary a1 and upper boundary b1. Then we calculate F(a) and F(b). If F(b) has different signal with F(a) (or F(a)*F(b) < 0), the F(x) curve will pass through the x-axis in this section, which means F(x) must have a solution in this section. In this way, we can estimate a range of the solution.

To make our estimation more precise, we need to shorten the range which contains the solution. We divide this section into two equal parts: ( a , a/2+b/2) and (a/2+b/2, b). Then we apply the same method to judge whether there is a solution in each section. If there is no solutions in one section( F(a)*F(a/2+b/2) > 0 or F(a/2+b/2)*F(b)> 0), we ignore this section. If there is a solution in one section (F(a)*F(a/2+b/2) < 0 or F(a/2+b/2)*F(b) < 0), we continue to shorten the range until the range is smaller than the error of estimation we expected. Finally, we take the middle point of the final range as a solution of F(x).
Deaths in 2021

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in 2021**. For deaths in each month, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

## Months

- January
- February
- March
- April
- May
- June
- July
- August
- September
- October
- November
- December

## Related pages

- List of deaths due to COVID-19
- 2021 in association football deaths
- Deaths in 2015
- Deaths in 2016
- Deaths in 2017
- Deaths in 2018
- Deaths in 2019
- Deaths in 2020
- Deaths in 2022
- Deaths in 2023
- Deaths in 2024

## Other websites

- _The Guardian_, UK obituaries
- _The Telegraph_ obituaries
- Obituaries, _Chicago Tribune_
- Obituaries, _Los Angeles Times_
- _The New York Times_, US obituaries
- _The Washington Post_ obituaries
- _The Sydney Morning Herald_, Australian obituaries
Deaths in January 2021

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in January 2021**. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Deaths in February 2021

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in February 2021**. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Deaths in March 2021

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in March 2021**. For earlier or later deaths, please see "Months". Names under each day are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of a death must have a source. If no source is included, the death notice will be removed. If you add a death, you must include: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Deaths in April 2021

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in April 2021**. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Deaths in May 2021

The following is a list of **deaths** that should be noted in **May 2021**. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Deaths in June 2021

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in June 2021**. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Deaths in July 2021

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in July 2021**. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Deaths in August 2021

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in August 2021**. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Deaths in September 2021

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in September 2021**. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Deaths in October 2021

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in October 2021**. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Deaths in November 2021

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in November 2021**. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of death, must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Deaths in December 2021

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in December 2021**. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of death, must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Valorant

***Valorant*** (stylized as **VALORANT**) is a free-to-play multiplayer tactical first-person shooter developed and published by Riot Games, for Microsoft Windows. First talked about under the codename _Project A_ in October 2020, the game began a closed beta period with limited access on April (6) 7, 2020, followed by official release on June 2, 2020.

VALORANT Mobile Beta Registration Now Open

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Valorant
- **image**: Valorant logo - pink color version.svg
- **developer**: Riot Games
- **engine**: Unreal Engine 4
- **publisher**: Riot Games
- **released**: June 2, 2020
- **genre**: First-person shooter
- **modes**: Multiplayer
- **platforms**: Microsoft Windows
- **artist**: Moby Francke
Nernst equation

Nernst Equation is a scientific equation used to find the reduction potential or voltage of an electrochemical cell. It is widely used in cell physiology and neurobiology. It is named after Walther Nernst. He was a German chemist who created this equation.

This equation can be used to check which combination of chemicals will be suitable to construct a powerful electric cell.

## Expression

Nernst Equation:

where

E<sub>cell</sub> = Reduction potential or voltage of the electrochemical cell. In SI units, the voltage counts the one kilogram blocks you have to push one meter for each 6.2x10<sup>18</sup> electrons you move across the cell. In a perfect world, every time a 9 volt battery moves 6.2x10<sup>18</sup> electrons, we could harness the slow-moving electrons to move 9 blocks one meter.

E = Standard potential of the cell. It is the reduction potential of the cell or voltage under standard conditions (Temperature = 298 Kelvin, Pressure = 1 bar).

R = Gas constant. It is an important constant used in thermodynamics. Its value is 8.314 J.K<sup>-1</sup>.mol<sup>-1</sup>.

T = Temperature of the electrochemical cell in Kelvin.

z = Number of moles of electrons that got transferred when reduction took place.

F  = Faraday constant. It is equal to the charge carried by 1 mole of electrons. Faraday constant = 96,485.3329 s Ampere/mole.

Q = Reaction quotient of the chemical reaction that is driving the cell.

## Equilibrium

When the reduction potential of a cell = 0 V, it is in equilibrium. At equilibrium, the reaction quotient Q = K<sub>eq</sub> (equilibrium constant).
Angle grinder

An **angle grinder** is a handheld power tool. It is also known as a disc grinder or side grinder. They are commonly used in machine shops and metal workshops. Most angle grinders today are powered by electricity. They can be corded or battery-powered. Angle grinders can be used for cutting, grinding, and polishing objects.

There are different kinds of discs that are used for various materials and tasks. Angle grinders can use grinding stones, sanding discs, wire brush wheels, cut-off discs, abrasive grinding discs, and polishing pads. Angle grinders come in different disc sizes and motor specifications. Other differences include a power source, rpm, and arbor size. Generally disc size and power increase together. Disc size is measured in imperial or metric units. Pneumatic grinders are generally used for lighter duty jobs where more precision is required. Electric grinders are more commonly used for larger, heavy-duty jobs.

Angle grinders generate sparks when cutting ferrous metals. The blades on the angle grinder may also break during operation. Proper personal protective equipment must always be worn when using an angle grinder. Angle grinders should never be used without their guard or handle attached. Inspect the discs for cracks, defects, and wear before using an angle grinder.
Demis Hassabis

**Demosthenes "Demis" Hassabis**  (born 27 July 1976) is a significant figure in artificial intelligence. He is a British researcher, neuroscientist, video game designer, entrepreneur, and five times winner of the Pentamind board games championship.

Hassabis and John M. Jumper were awarded half of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their protein folding predictions.

## Career

Hassabis is the CEO and co-founder of DeepMind, a machine learning and AI research lab, founded in London in 2010 with Shane Legg and Mustafa Suleyman. Hassabis met Legg when both were postdocs at University College London's Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, and he and Suleyman had been friends through family. Hassabis also recruited his university friend and Elixir partner David Silver.

DeepMind's mission is to "solve intelligence" and then use intelligence "to solve everything else". More concretely, DeepMind aims to use powerful general-purpose learning algorithms to build an artificial general intelligence (AGI).

The company was bought by Google for £400 million.

They created AlphaGo, a program which defeated world champion Lee Sedol at the complex game of Go. Go had been considered a holy grail of AI, for its high number of possible board positions and resistance to existing programming techniques. However, AlphaGo beat European champion Fan Hui 5-0 in October 2015 before winning 4-1 against former world champion Lee Sedol in March 2016.

More recently, DeepMind turned its artificial intelligence to protein-folding, one of the toughest problems in science. In December 2018, DeepMind's tool AlphaFold won the 13th Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP) by successfully predicting the most accurate structure for 25 out of 43 proteins.

Although Hassabis is expert at many games, he does not program specific rules into Deep Mind. For Go and chess, the machine played many games with itself, learning from its results. In other words it taught itself how to play, given the basic rules of the game.

## Honors

- 2018: Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in May 2018.
- 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Demosthenes Hassabis
- **image**: Demis_Hassabis_Royal_Society.jpg
- **caption**: Demis Hassabis at the Royal Society admissions day in London, July 2018
- **birth place**: London, England, UK
- **nationality**: United Kingdom, British
- **education**: Christ's College, Finchley
- **thesis title**: Neural processes underpinning episodic memory
- **thesis url**: http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.564607
- **thesis year**: 2009
- **doctoral advisor**: Eleanor Maguire
- **influences**: Peter Molyneux
George Carter (basketball)

**George Carter** (January 10, 1944 – November 18, 2020) was an American professional basketball player. He was a 6'4" swingman. He was born in Buffalo, New York. His career lasted from 1967 to 1977. He played for the Detroit Pistons and for the New York Nets.

Carter died on November 18, 2020 in Las Vegas, Nevada at the age of 76.
Eduardo Lourenço

**Eduardo Lourenço** <small>GCSE</small>, <small>GCIH</small> (23 May 1923 – 1 December 2020) was a Portuguese essayist, professor, critic, philosopher, and writer. He was a professor at the University of Coimbra. He won the Camões Prize in 1996. Lourenço was born in Almeida, Portugal.

Lourenço died on 1 December 2020 in Lisbon at the age of 97.
November 2020 lunar eclipse

A **penumbral lunar eclipse** took place on 30 November 2020. It was visible mainly in North America with visibility reaching to some other places such as parts of South America and Asia.
DeepMind

**DeepMind Technologies** is a UK based artificial intelligence company and research laboratory founded in September 2010. It was bought by Google in 2014. The company merged with Google AI's Google Brain division to become Google DeepMind in April 2023.

The company is based in London, with research centres in Canada, France, and the United States.

## Related pages

- Demis Hassibis
- John M. Jumper

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: DeepMind Technologies Limited
- **logo**: DeepMind logo.png
- **founded**: September 2010
- **ceo**: Demis Hassabis
- **industry**: Artificial intelligence
Miguel Algarín

**Miguel Algarín Jr.** (11 September 1941 – 1 December 2020) was a Puerto Rican poet, historian and writer. He was known as the co-founder of the Nuyorican Poets Café. He was a Rutgers University professor of English. Algarín was born in Santurce, Puerto Rico.  He lived most of his life in New York City.  He was a Nuyorican poet.

Algarín's books include _Mongo Affair_, _On Call_ (1980), _Body Bee Calling from the 21st Century_ (1982), _Time's Now/Ya es tiempo_ (1985), _Love Is Hard Work: Memorias de Loisaida/Poems_ (1997, Lower East Side Memories/Poems).

Algarín died on 1 December 2020 in New York City of sepsis, aged 79.

## Works

- _Action._ Touchstone. 1997.
- _Survival Supervivencia_. Arte Publico Press. 2009.

## Other websites

- Miguel Algarin Web Site 
- Nuyorican Poets Café
- View Current TV's program on Nuyorican Power
- View list of past American Book Award winners

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Miguel Algarín Jr.
- **image**: Miguel Algarín in front of Nuyorican Poets Café 2007-08-08.jpg
- **caption**: Miguel Algarín Jr.
- **birth place**: Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Santurce, Puerto Rico
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Poet, scholar, editor, playwright, translator
- **nationality**: Puerto Rican
- **movement**: Nuyorican
- **notableworks**: "On Call", "Time's Now"/"Ya Es Tiempo"
- **relatives**: Miguel Algarín (father), María Algarín (mother)
- **awards**: American Book Award (1980, 1985, 1994), Larry Leon Hamlin Producer's Award, American Book Award for Lifetime Achievement, Obie Award
Jim McFarland

**James Darrell McFarland** (October 4, 1947 – November 27, 2020) was an American football player. He played tight end for six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Buffalo Bills, St. Louis Cardinals, and Miami Dolphins. He was born in North Platte, Nebraska.

After leaving football, he became a member of the Nebraska Legislature between 1986 to 1991 as a Democrat. He unsuccessfully ran for Governor of Nebraska in 1998.

McFarland died of pancreatic cancer on November 27, 2020, in Omaha, Nebraska at age 73.
Dieter Popp

**Dieter Popp** (24 November 1938 – 27 November 2020) was a West German insurance agent. He worked as a spy between 1969 and 1990. He was born in Bonn. He was a spy for the Military Intelligence Service of the East German National People's Army.

Popp died on 27 November 2020, three days after his 82nd birthday.
Clifton Bertrand

**Clifton Bertrand** (2 March 1936 – 28 November 2020) was a Trinidadian sprinter. He was born in Arima, Trinidad and Tobago. He won three bronze medals at the Pan American Games in 1959 and 1963. Bertrand also competed during the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics.

Bertrand died on 28 November 2020 in New York City at the age of 84.
Shams Badran

**Shams Al Din Badran** (; 19 April 1929 – 28 November 2020) was an Egyptian politician. He was Minister of Defence of Egypt during Gamal Abdel Nasser's era from 1966 to 1967. He also was Commander of the Egyptian Armed Forces at the same time. He was removed from the ministry during the Six-Day War and later imprisoned.

Badran died at a Plymouth, Devon hospital on 28 November 2020 while living in exile since his prison release in 1974, aged 91.
KaTeX

**KaTeX** is a JavaScript library that shows mathematical notation on any web browser. It aims to be fast and easy to use.

It was initially developed by Khan Academy. This is why it starts from K. KaTeX is known to be one of the top five popular projects on GitHub in September 2014.

## Features

KaTeX claims to be:

- Fast: It doesn’t need to reload the webpage.
- Print quality: It is based on LaTeX.
- No dependencies: It doesn't need anything else for installation.

## Other websites

- "KaTeX is a (partial) alternative to (some of) MathJax"
- "KaTeX - a new way to display math on the Web"
- KaTeX-MathJax comparison

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: KaTeX
- **logo**:
- **latest release version**: v0.12.0
- **operating system**: Cross-platform
- **programming language**: JavaScript
- **genre**: Mathematical software
- **license**: MIT License
Miša Aleksić

**Miroslav "Miša" Aleksić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Мирослав-Миша Алексић, 16 August 1953 — 29 November 2020) was a Serbian musician. He was best known as the bass guitarist for the Serbian and former Yugoslav rock band Riblja Čorba.

On 29 November 2020, Aleksić died from problems caused by COVID-19 in Belgrade at the age of 67.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: Misa Aleksic 2008.jpg
- **caption**: Aleksić performing in 2008.
- **name**: Miša Aleksić
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: Belgrade, SR Serbia, FPR Yugoslavia
- **death place**: Belgrade, Serbia
- **instrument**: Bass guitar, vocals
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, rockabilly, hard rock, heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter
- **years active**: 1970–2020
- **label**: PGP RTB, Jugoton, Samy (Label), Samy, WIT (Label), WIT, Hi-Fi Centar, M Factory
- **associated acts**: SOS
Riblja Čorba
José Rafael Barquero Arce

**José Rafael Barquero Arce** (27 October 1931 – 29 November 2020) was a Costa Rican Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1956. He was titular bishop of 'Arindela' and was auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Alajuela, Costa Rica, from 1979 to 1980. He then was bishop of the diocese from 1980 until 2007.

Barquero Arce died on 29 November 2020 at the age of 89.
Marco Dino Brogi

**Marco Dino Brogi**, O.F.M. (12 March 1932 – 29 November 2020) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church

Brogi was born in Cairo, Egypt. He was became a priest on 5 May 1963. Pope John Paul II made Brogi titular archbishop of Città Ducale, Apostolic Nuncio to Sudan, and Apostolic Delegate to Somalia on 13 December 1997. Pope John Paul named him Apostolic Nuncio to Egypt and Apostolic Delegate to the Arab League on 5 February 2002.

Brogi ended his service as Nuncio on 27 January 2006. Benedict named him a Consultor to the Congregation for the Oriental Churches on 15 September 2007.

Brogi died on 29 November 2020 in Rome at the age of 88.
Delian League

The **Delian League** was founded in 478 BC. It was an association of Greek city-states under the leadership of Athens. The League had a many cities: at various times between 150 and 330.

The League was led by Athens to continue fighting the Persian Empire. The Greeks had won the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece.

The League's modern name comes from its official meeting place, the island of Delos, where congresses were held in the temple. The treasury stood there, until Pericles moved it to Athens in 454 BC.

Soon after the League was set up, Athens began to use the League's funds for its own purposes. This led to conflict between Athens and the less powerful members of the League. By 431 BC,  the League presented a threat to Sparta. This, and Athens's heavy-handed control of the League, started the Peloponnesian War. The League was dissolved after the war's end in 404 BC by the order of Lysander, the Spartan commander.
Irina Antonova

**Irina Aleksandrovna Antonova** () (20 March 1922 – 30 November 2020) was a Russian art historian. He was a Director of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow for 52 years, from 1961 to 2013. She was the oldest and the longest serving director of a major art museum in the world.

Antonova was honored with the State Prize of the Russian Federation and the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. She was the President of the Pushkin Museum.

Antonova died of COVID-19 at a Moscow hospital on 30 November 2020 at the age of 98.
Dee Benson

**Dee Vance Benson** (August 25, 1948 – November 30, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was born in Sandy, Utah. He was nominated to the United States District Court for the District of Utah in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush. From 1999 to 2006, he was chief justice of the court.

Benson died of brain cancer on November 30, 2020 at his home in Salt Lake City, Utah at the age of 72.

## Other websites

- BYU Law Review
- Crandall Canyon Mine - Deseret News
- Mineral Leasing Act
- Secretary of the Interior
Sandy, Utah

**Sandy** is a city in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, located in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. The population of Sandy was 96,904 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Sandy
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Sandy, Utah city hall.jpg
- **image caption**: Sandy City Hall in September, 2009
- **image map**: Salt Lake County Utah incorporated and unincorporated areas Sandy highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Salt Lake County, Utah, Salt Lake County and the state of Utah.
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Utah, County
- **subdivision name1**: Utah
- **subdivision name2**: Salt Lake County, Utah, Salt Lake
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1871
- **established title1**: Incorporated town, Incorporated
- **established date1**: 1893
- **area total km2**: 62.44
- **area total sq mi**: 24.11
- **area land km2**: 62.41
- **area land sq mi**: 24.10
- **area water km2**: 0.03
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **elevation m**: 1356
- **elevation ft**: 4450
- **population total**: 96904
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 84070, 84090-84094
- **area code**: Area codes 385 and 801, 385, 801
- **website**: [http://www.sandy.utah.gov/ www.sandy.utah.gov]
- **timezone**: Mountain Standard Time, MST
- **utc offset**: −7
- **timezone dst**: Mountain Daylight Time, MDT
- **utc offset dst**: −6
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 49-67440
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population density km2**: auto
Tan Eng Bock

**Tan Eng Bock** (29 April 1936 – 30 November 2020) was a Singaporean water polo player He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Tan died in Singapore on 30 November 2020 at the age of 84.
Ben Bova

**Benjamin William Bova** (November 8, 1932November 29, 2020) was an American writer. He was the author of more than 120 works of science fiction. He was a six-time winner of the Hugo Award.

He was an editor of _Analog Magazine_, an editorial director of _Omni_; he was also president of both the National Space Society and the Science Fiction Writers of America. He was known for his _Grand Tour_ novel series.

Bova died on November 29, 2020 at a hospital in Naples, Florida from pneumonia and a stroke caused by COVID-19, aged 88.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Ben Bova
- **image**: Ben Bova at Minicon 8(1974).jpg
- **caption**: Ben Bova in 1974
- **birth name**: Benjamin William Bova
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Naples, Florida, U.S.
- **genre**: Science fiction
- **awards**: Inkpot Award (1985)
Abhay Bharadwaj

**Abhay Ganpathrai Bharadwaj** (2 April 1954 – 1 December 2020) was a Ugandan-born Indian politician, activist and lawyer. He was born in Kampala, Uganda.

Bharadwaj was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 22 July 2020 until his death. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He also was a member of the national Law Commission from 2016 to 2018.

Bharadwaj died of COVID-19 on 1 December 2020 at a hospital in Chennai, India at the age of 66.
Tableau vivant

A **tableau vivant** is when people pose and make the scene look like the one in a picture. People in a tableau vivant don't move or speak. The name comes from French, and translates as "living picture". The plural is **tableaux vivants**.

In Europe, tableaux vivants became popular towards the end of the 19th century. Sometimes, there was even music. Jean Sibelius composed his work _Finlandia_ (1900) for a sequence of tableaux vivants.

At the beginning of the 20th century, they became notorious, because usually naked women would present them in revue theatres. The dancer Olga Desmond became well-known because of her posing naked in revues at the beginning of the 20th century.

There was also a type of _tableau_ used in the professional theatre. It took advantage of a special case in law: Nudity could be shown as long as the actors did not move. Tableaux featured  ('flexible poses') by models, who were almost nude. This provided a form of erotic entertainment, both on stage and in print.
Gillette Stadium

The **Gillette Stadium** is an outdoor stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts. It is the home stadium of NFL team New England Patriots and MLS team New England Revolution.

## Other websites

- Official Site
SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom

***SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom*** is a 2003 platformer video game based on the acclaimed animated TV show _SpongeBob SquarePants_.

## Gameplay

The game lets you play as either SpongeBob, Patrick or Sandy. SpongeBob can switch places with either Patrick or Sandy in the levels. They have to collect Patrick's socks, shiny objects and Golden Spatulas to progress through the game.

## Plot

Plankton has made a robot army.

## Reception

The game had mixed to positive reviews but became a cult classic among speedrunners.

## Infobox (video game)
Legacy of Kain: Defiance

***Legacy of Kain: Defiance*** is a 2003 platform/action game released for various platforms. It is the fifth entry of the _Legacy of Kain_ franchise.

## Gameplay

The player can switch between the material and soul realms as Razel and attack enemies as Kain.

## Plot

Kain has reunited with Raziel and knows that the Elder God is evil.

## Development

The game was made after the success after Soul Reaver 2 and Blood Omen 2.

## Reception

The game had great reviews but didn't sell well.
Thomas and the Magic Railroad

***Thomas and the Magic Railroad*** is a 2000 live-action fantasy adventure movie based on _Thomas the Tank Engine_ and _Shining Time Station_. The Fat Controller is on holiday while Thomas and his friends were working hard .

## Cast

- Peter Fonda as Mr. Stone
- Alec Baldwin as Mr. Conductor
- Mara Wilson as Lily Stone
- Edward Glen as the voice of Thomas

## Production

By 2020, a workprint of the movie has been released including narration done by Mara Wilson instead of Alec Baldwin.

## Reception

The movie got mixed to negative reviews, including from British reviewers.

## Cancelled sequel and live-action adaptation

On July 1, 2000, it was reported that Destination Films began working on a sequel, but it was cancelled.

In 2009, HiT announced a live-action film of _Thomas & Friends_ called _The Adventures of Thomas_. It was going to be released in late 2010 release, but this was changed to Spring 2011. In January 2011, the release date had been changed to 2012. In 2012 HiT was bought by Mattel and in 2012 they cancelled the project.

## Fan film

- _The Magic Railroad Parody_ (2020)
Turtles Forever

***Turtles Forever*** is a 2009 television movie based on the _TMNT_ franchise. It is a crossover between the 1984 comics, 1987 cartoon and 2003 cartoon.

## Production

The 4Kids crew weren't able to get the voice cast of the 1987 show involved due to that the show was recorded in Los Angeles instead of New York.

## Voice cast

- Jason Griffith as 1984 Leonardo
- Dan Green as 1987 Leonardo
- Michael Sinterniklaas as 2003 Leonardo
- Sean Schemmel as 1984 Raphael
- Sebastian Arcelus as 1987 Raphael
Scary Movie 2

***Scary Movie 2*** is an American comedy movie. It is a parody of horror movies. It is directed by Keenen Ivory Wayans. It stars Anna Faris Regina Hall, Marlon Wayans and Shawn Wayans. It was released to mixed reviews on July 7, 2001.

## Production

Marlon Brando was going to have a role but he wouldn't make it due to his declining health.
Marcus Terentius Varro

**Marcus Terentius Varro Reatinus** (116 – 27 BC) was a Roman writer. He wrote many books, but only one work survives completely - _Three books on Agriculture_.  In this work, he describes farming in Roman times.

Scholars say this book has a little microbiology and epidemiology. Varro warned his contemporaries to stay away from swamps and marshes:

> ...there are bred certain minute creatures which cannot be seen by the eyes, but which float in the air and enter the body through the mouth and nose and cause serious diseases.