juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dreadlock Holiday

"**Dreadlock Holiday**" is a 1978 reggae song by British band 10cc. It is the leading single from their sixth studio album _Bloody Tourists_. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Belgium, number 45 in Canada, number 44 in the United States, number 2 in both Ireland and Australia and number 7 in Norway.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Dreadlock Holiday
- **type**: single
- **artist**: 10cc
- **album**: Bloody Tourists
- **released**: July 1978
- **recorded**: Strawberry Studios, Strawberry Studios South, Dorking, Surrey, England
- **b-side**: Nothing Can Move Me
- **genre**: *Reggae rock
*pop reggae
- **length**: 4:28
- **label**: Mercury Records, Mercury
- **writer**: Eric Stewart
Graham Gouldman
- **producer**: 10cc
- **prev title**: People in Love
- **prev year**: 1977
- **next title**: For You and I
- **next year**: 1978
- **chronology**: 10cc
Electoral district of Chatsworth

**Chatsworth** is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 1960.

Chatsworth is in Brisbane.

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **name**: Chatsworth
- **state**: qld
- **image**: ECQ-2017-Final-Chatsworth.pdf
- **caption**: Map of the electoral district of Chatsworth, 2017
- **lifespan**: 1960–present
- **mp**: Steve Minnikin
- **mp-party**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **namesake**: Chatsworth Road
- **electors**: 35668
- **electors year**: 2020
- **area**: 57
- **class**: Inner-metropolitan
- **near-n**: Electoral district of Lytton, Lytton
- **near-ne**: Electoral district of Lytton, Lytton
- **near-e**: Electoral district of Capalaba, Capalaba
- **near-se**: Electoral district of Capalaba, Capalaba
- **near-s**: Electoral district of Mansfield, Mansfield
- **near-sw**: Electoral district of Mansfield, Mansfield
- **near-w**: Electoral district of Greenslopes, Greenslopes
- **near-nw**: Electoral district of Bulimba, Bulimba
Electoral district of Clayfield

**Clayfield** is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 1950, abolished in 1977 and recreated in 1992.

Clayfield is in Brisbane.

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **name**: Clayfield
- **state**: qld
- **image**: Map of the electoral district of Clayfield, 2017.pdf
- **caption**: Map of the electoral district of Clayfield, 2017
- **lifespan**: 1950–1977
1992–present
- **mp**: Tim Nicholls
- **mp-party**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **namesake**: Clayfield, Queensland, Clayfield
- **electors**: 40218
- **electors year**: 2020
- **area**: 71
- **class**: Inner-metropolitan
- **near-n**: Electoral district of Nudgee, Nudgee
- **near-ne**: _Moreton Bay_
- **near-e**: Electoral district of Lytton, Lytton
- **near-se**: Electoral district of Lytton, Lytton
- **near-s**: Electoral district of Bulimba, Bulimba
- **near-sw**: Electoral district of McConnel, McConnel
- **near-w**: Electoral district of Stafford, Stafford
- **near-nw**: Electoral district of Stafford, Stafford
Electoral district of Everton

**Everton** is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 1972.

Everton is in Brisbane.

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **name**: Everton
- **state**: qld
- **image**: ECQ-2017-Final-Everton.pdf
- **caption**: Everton electoral district map 2017
- **lifespan**: 1972–present
- **mp**: Tim Mander
- **mp-party**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **namesake**: Everton Park, Queensland, Everton Park
- **electors**: 37520
- **electors year**: 2020
- **area**: 48
- **class**: Outer-metropolitan
- **near-n**: Electoral district of Pine Rivers, Pine Rivers
- **near-ne**: Electoral district of Aspley, Aspley
- **near-e**: Electoral district of Aspley, Aspley
- **near-se**: Electoral district of Stafford, Stafford
- **near-s**: Electoral district of Ferny Grove, Ferny Grove
- **near-sw**: Electoral district of Ferny Grove, Ferny Grove
- **near-w**: Electoral district of Pine Rivers, Pine Rivers
- **near-nw**: Electoral district of Pine Rivers, Pine Rivers
Electoral district of Moggill

**Moggill** is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 1986.

Moggill is in Brisbane.

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **name**: Moggill
- **state**: qld
- **image**: ECQ-2017-Final-Moggill.pdf
- **caption**: Electoral map of Moggill 2017
- **lifespan**: 1986–present
- **mp**: Christian Rowan
- **mp-party**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **namesake**: Moggill, Queensland, Moggill
- **electors**: 34935
- **electors year**: 2020
- **area**: 307
- **class**: Outer-metropolitan
- **near-n**: Electoral district of Pine Rivers, Pine Rivers
- **near-ne**: Electoral district of Cooper, Cooper
- **near-e**: Electoral district of Maiwar, Maiwar
- **near-se**: Electoral district of Mount Ommaney, Mount Ommaney
- **near-s**: Electoral district of Bundamba, Bundamba
Electoral district of Inala, Inala
- **near-sw**: Electoral district of Ipswich West, Ipswich West
- **near-w**: Electoral district of Lockyer, Lockyer
- **near-nw**: Electoral district of Nanango, Nanango
Electoral district of Oodgeroo

**Oodgeroo** is an electoral district of Queensland. It was created in 2017.

Oodgeroo is in Brisbane.

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **name**: Oodgeroo
- **state**: qld
- **image**: Map of the electoral district of Oodgeroo, 2017.pdf
- **caption**: Map of the electoral district of Oodgeroo, 2017
- **lifespan**: 2017–present
- **mp**: Amanda Stoker
- **mp-party**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **namesake**: Oodgeroo Noonuccal
- **area**: 308
- **electors**: 33034
- **electors year**: 2020
- **class**: Outer-metropolitan
- **near-n**: _Moreton Bay_
- **near-ne**: Electoral district of Redcliffe, Redcliffe
- **near-e**: _Coral Sea_
- **near-se**: Electoral district of Redlands, Redlands
- **near-s**: Electoral district of Redlands, Redlands
- **near-sw**: Electoral district of Redlands, Redlands
- **near-w**: Electoral district of Capalaba, Capalaba
- **near-nw**: Electoral district of Capalaba, Capalaba
Legislative Assembly of Queensland

The **Legislative Assembly of Queensland** is the only chamber of the Parliament of Queensland established under the Constitution of Queensland. It is elected every four years using full preferential voting. It has 93 members who represent one electoral district each. Its members use the suffix MP.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **background color**: #307159
- **name**: Legislative Assembly
- **legislature**: 58th Parliament of Queensland, 58th Parliament
- **coa caption**: Badge of the Parliament of Queensland
- **house type**: Unicameral house
- **body**: Parliament of Queensland
- **leader1 type**: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland, Speaker
- **leader1**: Pat Weir
- **party1**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **leader2 type**: Premier of Queensland, Premier
- **leader2**: David Crisafulli
- **party2**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **election2**: 28 October 2024
- **leader3 type**: Leader of the House (Queensland), Leader of the House
- **leader3**: Christian Rowan
- **party3**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **leader4 type**: Leader of the Opposition (Queensland), Leader of the Opposition
- **leader4**: Steven Miles
- **party4**: Queensland Labor Party, Labor
- **election4**: 28 October 2024
- **leader5 type**: Leader of Opposition Business (Queensland), Manager of Opposition Business
- **leader5**: Mick de Brenni
- **party5**: Australian Labor Party (Queensland Branch), Labor
- **members**: 93
- **structure1**: File:2024 Queensland Legislative Assembly - Composition of Members.svg
- **structure1 res**: 250px
- **political groups1**: **Government of Queensland, Government (53)**

*  Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National (53)
**Opposition (Queensland), Opposition (35)**
*
**Crossbench (5)**
*
*  Queensland Greens, Greens (1)
*  Independent (politics), Independent (2)
- **voting system1**: Full Instant-runoff voting, preferential voting
- **term length**: 4 years
- **first election1**: 1860 Queensland colonial election, 27 April – 11 May 1860
- **last election1**: 2024 Queensland state election, 26 October 2024
- **next election1**: 2028 Queensland state election, 28 October 2028
- **session room**: Chamber of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.JPG
- **meeting place**: Legislative Assembly Chamber,
Parliament House, Brisbane,
 Queensland, Australia
Parliament of Queensland

The **Parliament of Queensland** is the legislature of Queensland. It only has one chamber, the Legislative Assembly of Queensland, so it is a unicameral state parliament.

The Legislative Assembly sits at Parliament House in Brisbane.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **background color**: #224C98
- **name**: Parliament of Queensland
- **legislature**: 58th Parliament of Queensland, 58th Parliament
- **session room**: Christmas tree in 2019 at Parliament House, Brisbane, Queensland 03.jpg
- **house type**: Unicameral
- **houses**: Legislative Assembly of Queensland, Legislative Assembly
- **crown-in-parl**: King of Australia, King (represented by the governor of Queensland)
- **leader1 type**: Monarchy of Australia, Monarch
- **leader1**: Charles III
- **election1**: 8 September 2022
- **leader2 type**: Governor of Queensland, Governor
- **leader2**: Jeannette Young
- **election2**: 1 November 2021
- **leader3 type**: Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland, Speaker of the Legislative
Assembly
- **leader3**: Pat Weir
- **party3**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **election3**: 26 November 2024
- **leader4 type**: Premier of Queensland, Premier
- **leader4**: David Crisafulli
- **party4**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **election4**: 28 October 2024
- **leader5 type**: Leader of the Opposition (Queensland), Leader of the Opposition
- **leader5**: Steven Miles
- **party5**: Queensland Labor Party, Labor
- **election5**: 28 October 2024
- **voting system1**: Instant-runoff voting, Full preferential voting
- **members**: **93**
- **structure1**: 2024 Queensland Legislative Assembly - Composition of Members.svg
- **structure1 res**: 250px
- **structure1 alt**: Current Structure of the Legislative Assembly
- **political groups1**: **Government of Queensland, Government (53)**

*  Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National (53)
**Opposition (Queensland), Opposition (35)**
*
**Crossbench (5)**
*
*  Queensland Greens, Greens (1)
*  Independent (politics), Independent (2)
- **last election1**: 2024 Queensland state election, 26 October 2024
- **next election1**: 2024 Queensland state election, October 2028
- **meeting place**: Parliament House, Brisbane, Parliament House,
Brisbane, Queensland,
Australia
- **constitution**: Constitution of Queensland
Rec Comtal

The **Rec Comtal** de Barcelona was a hydraulic structure of the first magnitude that will last until the segle xix as one of the main water suppliers in the city, which was used for irrigation and also in its use of force to operate the various mills built along its route. It is a work protected as a Cultural Property of Local Interest

It took water from the Besòs river to the walls of the city. Construction was begun by Miro, Count of Barcelona  in the 10th century, but it may date back to Roman times. It supplied water until the mid-20th century. In March 2016, extensive remains of structures associated with the system were discovered during excavations at Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes.

## Related pages

- Font del gat (water trough)

## Bibliography

- , Manuel (ed.). _La Revolució de l'aigua a Barcelona: de la ciutat preindustrial a la metròpoli moderna, 1867-1967_. Barcelona: Institut de Cultura, Muhba, 2011.
- MARTÍN PASCUAL, Manel (1999): _El Rec Comtal, 1822-1879. La lluita per l'aigua a del segle XIX_, Barcelona, Fundació Salvador Vives i Casajuana, Editorial Rafael Dalmau.

## Infobox (building)

- **image**: Rec Comtal Vallbona.JPG
Western Australian Legislative Assembly

The **Western Australian Legislative Assembly** is the lower house of the Parliament of Western Australia.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **background color**: #307159
- **name**: Legislative Assembly
- **legislature**: Members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, 2025–2029, 42nd Parliament
- **house type**: Lower house
- **body**: Parliament of Western Australia
- **leader1 type**: Speaker of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, Speaker
- **leader1**: Stephen Price (Australian politician), Stephen Price
- **party1**: Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch), Labor
- **election1**: 8 April 2025
- **leader2 type**: Deputy Speaker
- **leader2**: Ali Kent
- **party2**: Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch), Labor
- **election2**: 8 April 2025
- **leader3 type**: Leader of the House
- **leader3**: David Michael (politician), David Michael
- **party3**: Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch), Labor
- **election3**: 8 April 2025
- **leader4 type**: Manager of Opposition Business
- **leader4**: Libby Mettam
- **party4**: Western Australian Liberal Party, Liberal
- **election4**: 8 April 2025
- **leader5 type**: Government Whip
- **leader5**: Terry Healy (politician), Terry Healy
- **party5**: Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch), Labor
- **election5**: 8 April 2025
- **leader6 type**: Opposition Whip
- **leader6**: Liam Staltari
- **party6**: Western Australian Liberal Party, Liberal
- **election6**: 8 April 2025
- **members**: 59
- **political groups1**: **Government of Western Australia, Government (46)**
 Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch), Labor (46)
**Opposition (Western Australia), Opposition (13)**
 Liberal Party of Australia (Western Australian Division), Liberal (7)
 National Party of Australia (WA), National (6)
- **structure1**: 2025.04.07 Western Australian Legislative Assembly - Composition of Members.svg
- **structure1 res**: 200px
- **session room**: Western Australian Legislative Assembly.jpg
- **session res**: 250px
- **voting system1**: Instant-runoff voting, Full preferential voting
- **term length**: 4 years
- **first election1**: 1890 Western Australian colonial election, December 1890
- **last election1**: 2025 Western Australian state election, 8 March 2025
- **next election1**: March 2029
- **meeting place**: Legislative Assembly Chamber
Parliament House, Perth, Parliament House, Perth
Western Australia, Australia
- **website**: [https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/memblist.nsf/WALegislativeAssembly WA Legislative Assembly]
Biafra

**Biafra,** officially called the **Republic of Biafra**, was a break-away state in West Africa. It was created on 30 May 1967 by the Eastern Region governor Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu. It claimed the land of the Eastern Region of Nigeria. The country was mainly populated by the Igbo people.

Biafra was officially recognised by Gabon, Haiti, Ivory Coast, Tanzania and Zambia.Biafra was also _de facto_ recognised by France, Spain, Portugal, Norway, Israel, Rhodesia, South Africa and the Vatican City.

Biafra also had aid from non-state actors, including Joint Church Aid, foreign mercenaries and the Holy Ghost Fathers of Ireland.

The United States government under president Lyndon B. Johnson was officially neutral during the war. There was strong public support for Biafra in the US. American activists founded the American Committee to Keep Biafra Alive to spread propaganda. United States president Richard Nixon was supportive of the Biafran cause. Before he won the 1968 presidential election he accused Nigeria of committing genocide against the Biafrans. He also called for the United States to intervene in the war on the side of Biafra. His efforts failed because of the demands of the ongoing Vietnam War. After two-and-a-half years of war with Nigeria, during which almost two million Biafran civilians (three-quarters of them being smaller children) died from starvation caused by the Nigerian blockade of the region.

## Economy

An early body created by the Biafran government was the Bank of Biafra, made under "Decree No. 3 of 1967".  The bank carried out all central banking functions including the management of foreign exchange and the management of Biafra's public debt. The bank was managed by a governor and four directors. The first governor was Sylvester Ugoh. A second degree, "Decree No. 4 of 1967", changed the Banking Act of the Federal Republic of Nigeria for the Republic of Biafra.

The bank was originally in Enugu but because of the Nigerian Civil War it had to be moved multiple times.  Biafra tried to finance the war through foreign exchange. This effort increased when Nigeria said that its currency wouldn't be legal tender (to make way for a new currency).

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Republic of Biafra
- **common name**: Biafra
- **image flag**: Flag of Biafra.svg
- **image coat**: Coat of arms of Biafra.svg
- **national motto**: Peace, Unity, and Freedom.
- **image map**: Biafra in its region.svg
- **map caption**: The location of Biafra in West Africa
- **capital**: Enugu (1967)
 Umuahia (1967-1969)
 Owerri (1969-1970)
 Awka (1970)
- **largest city**: Onitsha
- **demonym**: Biafran
- **area km2**: 77,306
- **currency**: Biafran Pound
- **common languages**: English language, English
 Igbo language, Igbo
- **today**: Nigeria
Vehicle registration plates of New York

**New York license plates** are required vehicle registration plates in New York State. The plates vary in design and are issued motor vehicles in Austria. They are used to show that cars are legal to be used on the streets. The plates are also proof of a liability insurance and are used to identify the vehicle.
Western Australian Legislative Council

The **Western Australian Legislative Council** is the upper house of the Parliament of Western Australia.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **background color**: firebrick
- **name**: Legislative Council
- **legislature**: Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council, 2025–2029, 42nd Parliament
- **house type**: Upper house
- **body**: Parliament of Western Australia
- **leader1 type**: President of the Western Australian Legislative Council, President
- **leader1**: Alanna Clohesy
- **party1**: Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch), Labor
- **election1**: 25 May 2021
- **leader2 type**: Chair of Committees
- **leader2**: Steve Martin (Western Australian politician), Steve Martin
- **party2**: Western Australian Liberal Party, Liberal
- **election2**: 22 May 2025
- **leader3 type**: Leader of the Government
- **leader3**: Stephen Dawson (politician), Stephen Dawson
- **party3**: Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch), Labor
- **election3**: 17 March 2025
- **leader4 type**: Deputy Leader of the Government
- **leader4**: Jackie Jarvis
- **party4**: Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch), Labor
- **election4**: 17 March 2025
- **party5**: Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch), Labor
- **election5**: 16 May 2018
- **members**: 37
- **political groups1**: **Government of Western Australia, Government (16)**
 Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch), Labor (16)
**Opposition (Australia), Opposition (12)**
 Liberal Party of Australia (Western Australian Division), Liberal (10)
 National Party of Australia (WA), National (2)
**Crossbencher#Australia, Crossbench (9)**
 Greens Western Australia, Greens (4)
 Pauline Hanson's One Nation, One Nation (2)
 Animal Justice Party, Animal Justice (Amanda Dorn, 1)
 Australian Christians (political party), Christians (Maryka Groenewald, 1)

- **voting system1**: Single transferable vote
- **term length**: 4 years
- **structure1**: 2025.05.22 Western Australian Legislative Council - Composition of Members.svg
- **structure1 res**: 201px
- **last election1**: 2025 Western Australian state election, 8 March 2025
- **next election1**: 2029 Western Australian state election, 10 March 2029
- **meeting place**: Legislative Council Chamber
 Parliament House, Perth, Parliament House, Perth
 Western Australia, Australia
- **website**: [https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/memblist.nsf/WALegislativeCouncil WA Legislative Council]
South Australian House of Assembly

The **South Australian House of Assembly** is the lower house of the Parliament of South Australia.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **background color**: #307159
- **name**: House of Assembly
- **legislature**: 55th Parliament of South Australia, 55th Parliament
- **coa pic**: South Australian Coat of Arms.svg
- **session room**: House of Assembly SA.png
- **house type**: Lower house
- **body**: Parliament of South Australia
- **leader1 type**: Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly, Speaker
- **leader1**: Leon Bignell
- **party1**: Independent (politics), Independent
- **election1**: 11 April 2024
- **leader3 type**: Leader of Government Business in the House of Assembly (South Australia), Leader of Government Business
- **leader3**: Tom Koutsantonis
- **party3**: Australian Labor Party (South Australian Branch), Labor
- **election3**: 24 March 2022
- **leader4 type**: Government Whip
- **leader4**: Lee Odenwalder
- **party4**: Australian Labor Party (South Australian Branch), Labor
- **election4**: 24 March 2022
- **leader5 type**: Opposition Whip
- **leader5**: David Pisoni
- **party5**: Liberal Party of Australia (South Australian Division), Liberal
- **election5**: 18 April 2022
- **structure1 res**: 200px
- **members**: 47
- **political groups1**: **Government of South Australia, Government (28)**
*

**Opposition (Australia), Opposition (13)**
*

**Crossbencher, Crossbench (5)**
*

**Casual vacancy, Vacant (1)**
*
- **voting system1**: Instant-runoff voting, Full preferential voting
- **term length**: 4 years
- **first election1**: 1857 South Australian colonial election, 9 March 1857
- **last election1**: 2022 South Australian state election, 19 March 2022
- **next election1**: 2026 South Australian state election, 21 March 2026
- **redistricting**: Redistributions are carried out after each election by the South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission.
- **meeting place**: House of Assembly Chamber,
Parliament House, Adelaide, Parliament House, Adelaide,
 South Australia, Australia
- **website**: [https://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/House-of-Assembly/House-of-Assembly-Home SA House of Assembly]
Risky Rides

***Risky Rides*** was an investigative documentary by NBC from Austin, Texas that looked into how the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles fixed loopholes regard temporary license plates.  In 2018, Texas State Troopers began to see an increase in paper license plates on vehicles on their roads.  When the COVID plague hit, Texas Department of Motor Vehicles offices were closed.  Many people who have purchased an automobile needed a temporary registration to operate their vehicles on the road.  As time went on, criminals opened dealerships for the sole purpose of printing and issuing tags.

## Other websites

- In depth coverage  NBC Austin, Texas
South Australian Legislative Council

The **South Australian Legislative Council** is the upper house of the Parliament of South Australia.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **background color**: firebrick
- **name**: Legislative Council
- **legislature**: Members of the South Australian Legislative Council, 2022–2026, 55th Parliament
- **coa pic**: South Australian Coat of Arms.svg
- **session room**: South Australian Legislative Council Chamber.jpg
- **house type**: Upper house
- **body**: Parliament of South Australia
- **leader1 type**: President of the South Australian Legislative Council, President
- **leader1**: Terry Stephens
- **party1**: South Australian Liberal Party, Liberal
- **election1**: 3 May 2022
- **leader2 type**: Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council (South Australia), Leader of the Government
- **leader2**: Kyam Maher
- **party2**: South Australian Labor Party, Labor
- **election2**: 24 March 2022
- **leader3 type**: Leader of the Opposition
- **leader3**: Nicola Centofanti
- **party3**: South Australian Liberal Party, Liberal
- **election3**: 21 April 2022
- **structure1 res**: 200px
- **members**: 22
- **political groups1**: **Government of South Australia, Government (9)**
*
**Opposition (Australia), Opposition (8)**
*
**Crossbencher, Crossbench (5)**
*
*
*
- **term length**: 8 years
- **voting system1**: Single transferable vote
- **first election1**: 1851 South Australian colonial election, 21 February 1851 as unicameral
1857 South Australian colonial election, 9 March 1857 as bicameral
- **last election1**: Results of the 2022 South Australian state election (Legislative Council), 19 March 2022
- **next election1**: 2026 South Australian state election, 21 March 2026
- **meeting place**: Legislative Council Chamber
 Parliament House, Adelaide, Parliament House, Adelaide,
South Australia, Australia
- **website**: [https://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/Legislative-Council/Legislative-Council-Home SA Legislative Council]
Tasmanian House of Assembly

The **Tasmanian House of Assembly** is the lower house of the Parliament of Tasmania.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **background color**: #307159
- **name**: House of Assembly
- **legislature**: Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, 2025–2029, 52nd Parliament
- **coa pic**: Tasmania Coat of Arms.svg
- **session room**: Tasmanian House of Assembly.jpg
- **house type**: Lower House
- **body**: Parliament of Tasmania
- **leader1 type**: Speaker of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, Speaker
- **leader1**: Jacquie Petrusma, Tasmanian Liberal Party, Liberal
- **election1**: 19 August 2025
- **leader2 type**: Deputy Speaker
- **leader2**: Helen Burnet, Tasmanian Greens, Greens
- **election2**: 19 August 2025
- **leader3 type**: Leader of the House
- **leader3**: Eric Abetz
- **party3**: Liberal Party of Australia (Tasmanian Division), Liberal
- **election3**: 10 April 2024
- **leader4 type**: Government Whip
- **leader4**: Marcus Vermey
- **party4**: Liberal Party of Australia (Tasmanian Division), Liberal
- **election4**: 7 August 2025
- **leader5 type**: Leader of Opposition Business
- **leader5**: Ella Haddad
- **party5**: Australian Labor Party (Tasmanian Branch), Labor
- **election5**: 2025
- **leader6 type**: Opposition Whip
- **leader6**: Meg Brown
- **party6**: Australian Labor Party (Tasmanian Branch), Labor
- **election6**: 16 April 2024
- **leader7 type**: Leader of Greens Business
- **leader7**: Vica Bayley
- **party7**: Tasmanian Greens, Greens
- **election7**: 23 April 2024
- **leader8 type**: Greens Whip
- **leader8**: Vica Bayley
- **party8**: Tasmanian Greens, Greens
- **election8**: 23 April 2023
- **members**: **35**
- **structure1**: Tasmanian House of Assembly - 52nd Parliament.svg
- **structure1 res**: 200x200px
- **term length**: 4 years
- **voting system1**: Proportional representation via Hare-Clark system (Single Transferable Vote, STV)
- **last election1**: 2025 Tasmanian state election, 19 July 2025
- **next election1**: By 2029
- meeting_place
- **website**: [https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/HA/MainHA.html Tas House of Assembly]
- **political groups1**: **Third Rockliff ministry, Government (14)**
*
**Opposition (10)**
*
**Crossbench (11)**
*
*
*
Tasmanian Legislative Council

The **Tasmanian Legislative Council** is the upper house of the Parliament of Tasmania.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **background color**: firebrick
- **name**: Legislative Council
- **legislature**: Members of the Tasmanian Legislative Council, 2023-2029, 51st Parliament
- **house type**: Upper house
- **body**: Parliament of Tasmania
- **leader1 type**: President of the Tasmanian Legislative Council, President
- **leader1**: Craig Farrell (politician), Craig Farrell
- **party1**: Tasmanian Labor Party, Labor
- **election1**: 21 May 2019
- **leader2 type**: Deputy President and Chair of Committees
- **leader2**: Ruth Forrest
- **party2**: Independent
- **election2**: 10 May 2008
- **leader3 type**: Leader of the Government
- **leader3**: Tania Rattray
- **party3**: Independent politician, Independent
- **election3**: 8 August 2025
- **leader4 type**: Leader of Opposition Business
- **leader4**: Sarah Lovell
- **party4**: Tasmanian Labor Party, Labor
- **members**: 15
- **structure1**: File:2025 Tasmanian Legislative Council - Composition of Members.svg
- **structure1 res**: 150px
- **political groups1**: **Tasmanian Government, Government** (4)
* Liberal Party of Australia (Tasmanian Division), Liberal (3)
* Independent (politician), Independent (Tania Rattray, 1)
**Parliamentary Opposition, Opposition** (3)
* Australian Labor Party (Tasmanian Branch), Labor (3)
**Crossbench** (8)
* Tasmanian Greens, Greens (Cassy O'Connor, 1)
* Independent (politician), Independent (7)
- **term length**: 6 years
- **last election1**: 2025 Tasmanian Legislative Council periodic election, 24 May 2025 (periodic)
- **next election1**: 2026 Tasmanian Legislative Council periodic election, 2 May 2026
- **meeting place**: Legislative Council Chamber,
Parliament House, Hobart, Parliament House, Hobart,
Tasmania, Australia
- **website**: [https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/LC/MainLC.html Tas Legislative Council]
Brendan Nelson

**Brendan John Nelson** is an Australian former politician. He served as the 30th Leader of the Opposition and the 11th Leader of the Liberal Party from 2007 until 2008.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Dr. Brendan Nelson
- **honorific-suffix**: Officer of the Order of Australia, AO
- **image**: Brendan Nelson (3).jpg
- **order2**: 30th List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition, Leader of the Opposition
- **term start**: 17 December 2012
- **term end**: 23 December 2019
- **predecessor**: Steve Gower
- **successor**: Matthew Anderson
- **order1**: List of Australian Ambassadors to Belgium, Ambassador of Australia to Belgium, Luxembourg, the EU and NATO
- **term start1**: 17 September 2009
- **term end1**: 10 October 2012
- **predecessor1**: Alan Thomas
- **successor1**: Duncan Lewis
- **order**: Australian War Memorial, Director of the Australian War Memorial
- **term start2**: 3 December 2007
- **term end2**: 16 September 2008
- **primeminister2**: Kevin Rudd
- **deputy2**: Julie Bishop
- **predecessor2**: Kevin Rudd
- **successor2**: Malcolm Turnbull
- **office3**: 11th Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia, Leader of the Liberal Party
- **term start3**: 29 November 2007
- **term end3**: 16 September 2008
- **deputy3**: Julie Bishop
- **predecessor3**: John Howard
- **successor3**: Malcolm Turnbull
- **office4**: Minister for Defence (Australia), Minister for Defence
- **term start4**: 27 January 2006
- **term end4**: 3 December 2007
- **primeminister4**: John Howard
- **predecessor4**: Robert Hill (Australian politician), Robert Hill
- **successor4**: Joel Fitzgibbon
- **office5**: Minister for Education (Australia), Minister for Education, Science and Training
- **term start5**: 26 November 2001
- **term end5**: 27 January 2006
- **primeminister5**: John Howard
- **predecessor5**: David Kemp (Australian politician), David Kemp
- **successor5**: Julie Bishop
- **constituency mp6**: Division of Bradfield, Bradfield
- **parliament6**: Australian
- **term start6**: 2 March 1996
- **term end6**: 19 October 2009
- **predecessor6**: David Connolly (politician), David Connolly
- **successor6**: Paul Fletcher (politician), Paul Fletcher
- **birth name**: Brendan John Nelson
- **birth place**: Coburg, Victoria, Australia
- **party**: Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal (after 1994)
- **otherparty**: Australian Labor Party, Labor (until 1994)
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 3
- **education**: Saint Ignatius' College, Adelaide, Saint Ignatius' College
- **alma mater**: University of Adelaide
Flinders University
- **occupation**: Medical practitioner
(Self-employment, Self-employed)
- **profession**: General practitioner
Politician
Mark Latham

**Mark William Latham** is an Australian politician. He is currently serving as an independent member of the New South Wales Legislative Council. He was previously the federal Leader of the Opposition and the federal Leader of the Labor Party from 2003 until 2005. After leaving the Labor Party, he then joined the Liberal Democrats before joining Pauline Hanson's One Nation as the party's leader in New South Wales. He was elected to the Legislative Council as a member of One Nation in 2019 and again in 2023, before he left One Nation in the same year.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mark Latham
- **honorific-suffix**: New South Wales Legislative Council, MLC
- **image**: Mark Latham - Church And State Summit 2018 04.jpg
- **caption**: Latham in January 2018
- **office1**: Pauline Hanson's One Nation – New South Wales, Leader of One Nation NSW
- **term start1**: 7 November 2018
- **term end1**: 14 August 2023
- **predecessor1**: Brian Burston
- **successor1**: _TBD_
- **office2**: Member of the New South Wales Legislative Council
- **term start2**: 25 March 2023
- **term start3**: 23 March 2019
- **term end3**: 2 March 2023
- **predecessor3**: Rod Roberts (Australian politician), Rod Roberts
- **successor3**: Tania Mihailuk
- **office4**: Leader of the Opposition (Australia), Leader of the Opposition
- **term start4**: 2 December 2003
- **term end4**: 18 January 2005
- **primeminister4**: John Howard
- **deputy4**: Jenny Macklin
- **predecessor4**: Simon Crean
- **successor4**: Kim Beazley
- **office5**: Leader of the Australian Labor Party
- **term start5**: 2 December 2003
- **term end5**: 18 January 2005
- **deputy5**: Jenny Macklin
- **predecessor5**: Simon Crean
- **successor5**: Kim Beazley
- **office6**: Manager of Opposition Business in the House (Australia), Manager of Opposition Business in the House
- **leader6**: Simon Crean
- **term start6**: 16 June 2003
- **term end6**: 8 December 2003
- **predecessor6**: Wayne Swan
- **successor6**: Julia Gillard
- **office7**: Parliament of Australia, Member of Parliament
for Division of Werriwa, Werriwa
- **term start7**: 28 January 1994
- **term end7**: 21 January 2005
- **predecessor7**: John Kerin
- **successor7**: Chris Hayes (politician), Chris Hayes
- **office8**: City of Liverpool (New South Wales), Mayor of Liverpool
Member of City of Liverpool (New South Wales), Liverpool City Council
for City of Liverpool (New South Wales)#Council, South Ward
- **term start8**: 1991
- **term end8**: 1994
- **birth name**: Mark William Latham
- **birth place**: Ashcroft, New South Wales, Ashcroft, New South Wales, Australia
- **spouse**:

- **education**: Hurlstone Agricultural High School
- **alma mater**: University of Sydney (Bachelor of Economics, BEc)
- **children**: 3
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent (since 2023)
- **otherparty**:
Liberal Democratic Party (Australia), Liberal Democrats (2017–2018)
Australian Labor Party, Labor (until 2017)
- **residence**: Mount Hunter, New South Wales, Mount Hunter, New South Wales
- **honorific prefix**: The Honourable
Alexander Downer

**Alexander John Gosse Downer** is an Australian former politician and diplomat. He served as the Leader of the Opposition and the Leader of the Liberal Party from 1994 until 1995, then later as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1996 until 2007 under John Howard.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Alexander Downer
- **honorific-suffix**: Companion of the Order of Australia, AC
- **image**: Alexander Downer (1).jpg
- **office**: List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition, Leader of the Opposition
- **primeminister**: Paul Keating
- **deputy**: Peter Costello
- **term start**: 23 May 1994
- **term end**: 30 January 1995
- **predecessor**: John Hewson
- **successor**: John Howard
- **office1**: 10th Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia, Leader of the Liberal Party
- **term start1**: 23 May 1994
- **term end1**: 30 January 1995
- **deputy1**: Peter Costello
- **predecessor1**: John Hewson
- **successor1**: John Howard
- **office2**: Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia), Minister for Foreign Affairs
- **term start2**: 11 March 1996
- **term end2**: 3 December 2007
- **primeminister2**: John Howard
- **predecessor2**: Gareth Evans (politician), Gareth Evans
- **successor2**: Stephen Smith (Australian politician), Stephen Smith
- **order3**: List of High Commissioners of Australia to the United Kingdom, Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom
- **term start3**: 27 June 2014
- **term end3**: 27 April 2018
- **nominator3**: Tony Abbott
- **predecessor3**: Mike Rann
- **successor3**: George Brandis
- **constituency mp4**: Division of Mayo, Mayo
- **parliament4**: Australian
- **term start4**: 1 December 1984
- **term end4**: 14 July 2008
- **predecessor4**: _Constituency established_
- **successor4**: Jamie Briggs
- **birth name**: Alexander John Gosse Downer
- **birth place**: Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- **children**: 4
- **party**: Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal
- **alma mater**: Newcastle University, Newcastle University, England
John Hewson

**John Hewson** is an Australian former politician. He was the Leader of the Opposition and Leader of the Liberal Party from 1990 until 1994.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Hewson
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of the Order of Australia, AM
- **image**: John Hewson 2016 01.jpg
- **caption**: Hewson in 2016
- **order**: List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition, Leader of the Opposition
- **term start**: 3 April 1990
- **term end**: 23 May 1994
- **primeminister**: Bob Hawke
Paul Keating
- **deputy**: Peter Reith
Michael Wooldridge
- **predecessor**: Andrew Peacock
- **successor**: Alexander Downer
- **order1**: 9th Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia, Leader of the Liberal Party
- **term start1**: 3 April 1990
- **term end1**: 23 May 1994
- **deputy1**: Peter Reith
Michael Wooldridge
- **predecessor1**: Andrew Peacock
- **successor1**: Alexander Downer
- **constituency mp2**: Division of Wentworth, Wentworth
- **parliament2**: Australian
- **predecessor2**: Peter Coleman
- **successor2**: Andrew Thomson (Australian politician), Andrew Thomson
- **term start2**: 11 July 1987
- **term end2**: 28 February 1995
- **birth name**: John Robert Hewson
- **birth place**: Carlton, New South Wales, Australia
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 5
- **party**: Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal (until 2019)
- **education**: Kogarah High School
- **occupation**: Economist
(Reserve Bank of Australia)
Bank director (company), director
(Macquarie Group, Macquarie Bank)
- **profession**: Financier
businessman
politician
Arthur Calwell

**Arthur Augustus Calwell** was an Australian politician. He was the Leader of the Opposition and the Leader of the Labor Party from 1960 until 1967.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: Arthur Calwell
- **image**: Arthur Calwell 1966.jpg
- **order1**: 16th List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition, Leader of the Opposition
- **term start1**: 7 March 1960
- **term end1**: 8 February 1967
- **primeminister1**: Robert Menzies
Harold Holt
- **deputy1**: Gough Whitlam
- **predecessor1**: H. V. Evatt
- **successor1**: Gough Whitlam
- **office2**: Australian Labor Party, Leader of the Labor Party
- **term start2**: 7 March 1960
- **term end2**: 8 February 1967

- **deputy2**: Gough Whitlam
- **predecessor2**: H. V. Evatt
- **successor2**: Gough Whitlam
- **office3**: Australian Labor Party, Deputy Leader of the Labor Party
- **term start3**: 20 June 1951
- **term end3**: 7 March 1960
- **leader3**: H. V. Evatt
- **predecessor3**: H. V. Evatt
- **successor3**: Gough Whitlam
- **office4**: Minister for Immigration (Australia), Minister for Immigration
- **term start4**: 13 July 1945
- **term end4**: 19 December 1949
- **primeminister4**: Ben Chifley
- **predecessor4**: _New position_
- **successor4**: Harold Holt
- **office5**: Department of Information (Australia), Minister for Information
- **term start5**: 21 September 1943
- **term end5**: 19 December 1949
- **primeminister5**: John Curtin
Frank Forde
- **predecessor5**: Bill Ashley (politician), Bill Ashley
- **successor5**: Howard Beale (politician), Howard Beale
- **constituency mp7**: Division of Melbourne, Melbourne
- **parliament7**: Australian
- **predecessor7**: William Maloney (politician), William Maloney
- **successor7**: Ted Innes
- **term start7**: 21 September 1940
- **term end7**: 2 November 1972
- **birth place**: West Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- **birth name**: Arthur Augustus Calwell
- **death place**: East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- **resting place**: Melbourne General Cemetery
- **party**: Australian Labor Party, Labor
- **education**: St Mary's College
St Joseph's College, Melbourne, St Joseph's College
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 2
- **profession**: Public servant
Trade unionist
Politician
- **caption**: Calwell in 1966
John Latham (judge)

**Sir John Greig Latham** was an Australian politician, judge and lawyer. He was the Leader of the Opposition and the final leader of the Nationalist Party from 1929 until 1931.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable Sir
- **name**: John Latham
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG Queen's Counsel, QC
- **nationality**: Australian
- **image**: John Latham 1931.jpg
- **caption**: Latham in 1931
- **order**: 5th
- **office**: Chief Justice of Australia
- **term start**: 11 October 1935
- **term end**: 7 April 1952
- **appointer**: Isaac Isaacs, Sir Isaac Isaacs
- **nominator**: Joseph Lyons
- **predecessor**: Frank Gavan Duffy, Sir Frank Gavan Duffy
- **successor**: Owen Dixon, Sir Owen Dixon
- **office2**: Attorney-General of Australia
- **primeminister2**: Joseph Lyons
- **term start2**: 6 January 1932
- **term end2**: 12 October 1934
- **predecessor2**: Frank Brennan (politician), Frank Brennan
- **successor2**: Robert Menzies
- **office3**: Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia), Minister for External Affairs
- **primeminister3**: Joseph Lyons
- **term start3**: 6 January 1932
- **term end3**: 12 October 1934
- **predecessor3**: James Scullin
- **successor3**: Sir George Pearce
- **office4**: Department of Industry (1928–40), Minister for Industry
- **primeminister4**: Joseph Lyons
- **term start4**: 6 January 1932
- **term end4**: 12 October 1934
- **predecessor4**: James Scullin
- **successor4**: Robert Menzies
- **office5**: Leader of the Opposition (Australia), Leader of the Opposition
- **deputy5**: Henry Gullett
- **term start5**: 22 October 1929
- **term end5**: 7 May 1931
- **primeminister5**: James Scullin
- **predecessor5**: James Scullin
- **successor5**: Joseph Lyons
- **office6**: Leader of the Nationalist Party (Australia), Nationalist Party
- **deputy6**: Henry Gullett
- **term start6**: 22 October 1929
- **term end6**: 7 May 1931
- **predecessor6**: Stanley Bruce
- **successor6**: _Party dissolved_
- **office7**: Department of Industry (1928–40), Minister for Industry
- **primeminister7**: Stanley Bruce
- **term start7**: 10 December 1928
- **term end7**: 22 October 1929
- **predecessor7**: _New title_
- **successor7**: James Scullin
- **office8**: Attorney-General of Australia
- **primeminister8**: Stanley Bruce
- **term start8**: 18 December 1925
- **term end8**: 22 October 1929
- **predecessor8**: Littleton Groom
- **successor8**: Frank Brennan (politician), Frank Brennan
- **parliament9**: Australian
- **constituency mp9**: Division of Kooyong, Kooyong
- **term start9**: 16 December 1922
- **term end9**: 7 August 1934
- **predecessor9**: Robert Best (Australian politician), Robert Best
- **successor9**: Robert Menzies
- **birth name**: John Greig Latham
- **birth place**: Ascot Vale, Victoria, Australia
- **death place**: Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- **party**: Liberal Party (1922), Liberal Union (1921–1925)
Nationalist Party (Australia), Nationalist (1925–1931)
 United Australia Party, United Australia (1931–1934)
- **education**: Scotch College, Melbourne, Scotch College
- **alma mater**: University of Melbourne
French Hospital Federation

The **French Hospital Federation** (Fédération hospitalière de France) is a non-profit association started in 1924. Almost all the  public sector health and social care institutions, about 2000, are members. This includes about 1000 hospitals and about 1000 retirement homes and independent specialized shelters.   It promotes these organisations, represents them, and supports them.

It has representatives at many official bodies.
Rhacophorus poecilonotus

The **Sumatra flying frog** (_Rhacophorus poecilonotus_) is a frog.  It lives in Sumatra in Indonesia.
Salute of the Sublime State of Iran

**Salute of the Sublime State of Persia** (Persian: سلامتی دولت علیهٔ ایران, _Salāmati-ye Dowlat-e 'Aliyye-ye Irān_) was a national anthem of Persia from 1909 to 1933. The lyrics author is unknown, the melody was composed by Gholam-Reza Minbashian. The anthem was adopted on July 9, 1909 and was replaced in 1933 with "Iranian Imperial anthem".

## Lyrics

|Persian|
| --- |
|تا خدایْ این کشورِ ایران نمود بس درِ عزت به رویش برگشود خسروانش را کُلَه خورشید بود رایتش را فرق بر خورشید بود تا که خود چترِ عدالت گسترد خود چترِ عدالت گسترد مُلکِ ایران را نشانِ خیر و خوبی بُد لِوا این لِوا فرخنده بادا باز با دورِ بقا راست اندرین جهان افتخارِ ما، شرحِ مامَضیٰ شرحِ مامَضیٰ تا کی‌ام راست باز کوششی جوششی یاران چون به فرخ‌رسمِ دورانِ کیان مُلکِ ملت را یکی یابی روان بی‌تأمل باز باید داد جان تا به‌جز نیکی نبیند زین نشان هر که در تقدیرِ ایران بنگرد در تقدیرِ ایران بنگرد بود در مُلکِ کیان آیتِ قدرت عیان باد با تاجِ کیانی رایتِ عزت به پا هان ای برادران موطنِ عزیز بهترین سراست حفظِ خاکِ آن آبرویِ ماست باز غیرتی همتی مردان|

## Infobox (anthem)

- **transcription**: Salāmati-ye Dowlat-e 'Aliyye-ye Irān
- **title**: سلامتی دولت علیهٔ ایران
- **english title**: Salute of Sublime State of Persia
- **country**: Qajar dynasty, Persia
- **prefix**: Former national
- **author**: unknown
- **composer**: Gholam-Reza Minbashain
- **adopted**: 9 July 1909
- **until**: 1933
- **predecessor**: Royal Salute (Persia), Royal Salute
- **sound title**: Salute of Sublime State of Persia (instrumental version)
- **successor**: Iranian Imperial anthem
Catholic Church in the Netherlands

The **Catholic Church in the Netherlands** is the largest religious group there. In 2020, 22 to 24 percent of the people said they were Catholic. 42 percent weren't religious.
United Plankton Pictures

**United Plankton Pictures** is an American production company founded by Stephen Hillenburg, which makes SpongeBob SquarePants It has made other projects over the years, for example,"The Patrick Star Show", and more.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: United Plankton Pictures Inc.
- **type**: Privately held company, Private
- **industry**: Entertainment
- **founder**: Stephen Hillenburg
- **hq location city**: Burbank, California
- **hq location country**: U.S.
- **products**: _SpongeBob SquarePants_
_Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years, Kamp Koral_
_The Patrick Star Show_
Makeful

**Makeful** is a Canadian pay television channel owned by Blue Ant Media.

The channel launched on March 5, 2005, as **BiteTV**. It generally aired short form programming in the genre of reality.

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Makeful
- **logo**: Makeful TV.png
- **logo size**: 200px
- **closed date**: (Singapore)
- **picture format**: 480i (Standard-definition television, SDTV)
- **owner**: Blue Ant Media
Rock Entertainment, Rock Entertainment Holdings
- **country**: Canada
- **language**: Canadian English, English
- **area**: Canada
Sri Lanka
Singapore
- **headquarters**: Toronto, Ontario
- **former names**: BiteTV (2005–2015)
Unison (trade union)

**Unison** (stylised as **UNISON**) is the largest trade union in the United Kingdom.  Most of its members work in public services, including local government, education, health and outsourced services.  The union started in 1993 when three public sector trade unions, the National and Local Government Officers Association, the National Union of Public Employees  and the Confederation of Health Service Employees joined  together.

It had about 1.2 million members in 2022.
National Education Union

The **National Education Union** (**NEU**) is a trade union in the United Kingdom for school teachers, further education lecturers, education support staff and teaching assistants. It was formed by the amalgamation of the National Union of Teachers and the Association of Teachers and Lecturers in 2017. With 510,000 members, it is the largest education union in the UK and Europe.