Oregon

**Oregon** is a state in the United States. Salem is the capital (where most of the state government works), and Portland is the city with the most people. Oregon was the 33rd state to join the United States, in 1859.

## Geography

The state of Washington is to the north of Oregon. California and Nevada are to the south. Idaho is to the east. The Pacific Ocean is to the west.

The Columbia River flows along most of the border with Washington. The Snake River flows along much of the border with Idaho. The highest mountain is Mount Hood ( high), part of the Cascade Range of mountains. Another famous Cascade Mountain in Oregon is Mount Mazama, better known as Crater Lake.

## History

Oregon was a long way from the United States of America, which was east of the Mississippi river in the 1830s and 1840s. To get to Oregon, settlers had to cross the Great Plains, which were empty except for a few forts and groups of Native Americans. Most people thought that it was impossible to farm there. They called it the "Great American Desert", because crossing it was long and dangerous; however, thousands did anyway.

Mountain men (people who knew a lot about living in mountainous places) had found a passway over the Rocky Mountains, and they named it the South Pass. This path helped many wagons to reach the west coast. In 1836 a missionary named Marcus Whitman crossed through the pass with his wife to Oregon. This proved that it was possible for others with women and families to go too, and because of this, Oregon suddenly became the place pioneers wanted to make a trip to.

Most of the settlers that came by the Oregon Trail had a very difficult trip. The Trail began in Missouri, and they went in covered wagons pulled by animals like bulls. They could only travel 100 miles in one week, and so the whole trip would take half a year. But still, lots of pioneers traveled so much that it is still possible to see the wagon ruts in some places today.

Life on the trail was very hard for the pioneers. Every day, they would break up and camp, travel all day, and set up camp again. Food was usually beans and coffee, for every single day of the trip. The travelers always searched for water, wood for fires, and something to catch and eat fresh. But these were hard to find, and so sometimes they got mad at each other and fought with fists and guns.

The Trail was also dangerous. Rivers could flood, washing away people and other things. Native Americans could attack, oxen or horses could die, and diseases and injuries could strike.

By 1840, due to all the hard work of the pioneers, there were thousands of Americans in Oregon. Towns and farms had been set up. The area was part of British North America at the time. But the British, however, only had a few hundred settlers in Oregon. Because of this, the Americans began to plan to take over the whole land.

Many Americans wanted this as well. They made up the slogan, "Fifty-four Forty or Fight!" and wanted all of Oregon up to latitude 54 or they would go to war with Britain to get it. They were so eager to have Oregon all for themselves, they supported James Polk as president because he claimed to have similar thoughts with them as well.

However, after President Polk was elected, he began to be more sensible. He did not want to wage war with Britain, if it could be avoided. The British also realized that the Americans would soon have enough settlers in Oregon to easily drive out the British defenders. In 1846 the British offered to divide Oregon by giving most of the border land between the USA and what is now Canada. President Polk accepted this, and so now the Americans had power over Oregon as well as the other states.

## Education

There are a number of colleges and universities in Oregon. The four-year universities with the most students are Portland State University, Oregon State University, and the University of Oregon.

## Related pages

- List of counties in Oregon

## Other websites

- Official Oregon website

## Infobox (u.s. state)

- **name**: Oregon
- **official name**: State of Oregon
- **image flag**: Flag of Oregon.svg
- **flag caption**: Flag (obverse)
- **image seal**: Seal of Oregon.svg
- **image map**: Oregon in United States.svg
- **nickname**: The Beaver State
- **motto**: _Alis volat propriis_

- **anthem**: Oregon, My Oregon
- **former**: Oregon Territory
- **seat**: Salem, Oregon, Salem
- **largestcity**: Portland, Oregon, Portland
- **largestmetro**: Portland metropolitan area
- **population demonym**: Oregonian
- **lieutenant governor alt**: Secretary of State
- **upperhouse**: Oregon State Senate, State Senate
- **lowerhouse**: Oregon House of Representatives, House of Representatives
- **senators**:

- **representative**: 5 Democrats
 1 Republican
- **postal code**: OR
- **tradabbreviation**: Ore.
- **borderingstates**: California, Idaho, Nevada,
Washington (state), Washington
- **officiallang**: **De jure**: none
**De facto**: Pacific Northwest English
- **area rank**: 9th
- **area total sq mi**: 98,381
- **area total km2**: 254,806
- **area land sq mi**: 95,997
- **area land km2**: 248,849
- **area water sq mi**: 2,384
- **area water km2**: 6,177
- **area water percent**: 2.4
- **population rank**: 27th
- **population as of**: 2019
- **2010pop**: 4,217,737
- **population density rank**: 39th
- **2010densityus**: 39.9
- **2010density**: 15.0
- **medianhouseholdincome**: $60,212
- **incomerank**: 21st
- **admittanceorder**: 33rd
- **admittancedate**: February 14, 1859
- **timezone1**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset1**: −08:00
- **timezone1 dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: −07:00
- **timezone1 location**: primary
- **timezone2**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain
- **utc offset2**: −07:00
- **timezone2 dst**: Mountain Daylight Time, MDT
- **utc offset2 dst**: −06:00
- **timezone2 location**: primary for Malheur County, Oregon, Malheur County
- **latitude**: 42° N to 46°18′ N
- **longitude**: 116°28′ W to 124°38′ W
- **width mi**: 400
- **width km**: 640
- **length mi**: 360
- **length km**: 580
- **elevation max point**: Mount Hood
- **elevation max ft**: 11,249
- **elevation max m**: 3,428.8
- **elevation ft**: 3,300
- **elevation m**: 1,000
- **elevation min point**: Pacific Ocean
- **elevation min ft**: 0
- **elevation min m**: 0
- **iso code**: US-OR
- **website**: www.oregon.gov
- **capital**: Salem


## Infobox (u.s. state symbols)

- **name**: Oregon
- **flag**: Flag of Oregon.svg
- **seal**: Seal of Oregon.svg
- **bird**: Western meadowlark (_Sturnella neglecta_)
- **crustacean**: Dungeness crab
(_Metacarcinus magister_)
- **fish**: Chinook salmon
(_Oncorhynchus tshawytscha_)
- **flower**: Oregon grape
(_Mahonia aquifolium_)
- **grass**: Pseudoroegneria spicata, Bluebunch wheatgrass
(_Pseudoroegneria spicata_)
- **insect**: Oregon swallowtail
(_Papilio oregonius_)
- **mammal**: North American beaver, American beaver
(_Castor canadensis_)
- **tree**: Coast Douglas-fir, Douglas-fir
- **beverage**: Milk
- **dance**: Square dance
- **food**: Pear
(_Pyrus_)
- **fossil**: _Metasequoia_
- **gemstone**: Sunstone, Oregon sunstone
- **motto**: She Flies With Her Own Wings
- **rock**: Thunderegg
- **shell**: Fusitriton oregonensis, Oregon hairy triton
(_Fusitriton oregonensis_)
- **soil**: Jory (soil), Jory soil
- **other**: **Nut:** Hazelnut
- **route marker**: OR 140.svg
- **quarter**: 2005 OR Proof.png
- **quarterreleasedate**: 2005