juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ennis

**Ennis** is a town in the Republic of Ireland. It has about 25,000 people living in it. There are people from eastern Europe, Africa and the United Kingdom living in Ennis.

## Transport

Ennis has a bus and railway station.

## History

The town was once small but has grown much because of an economic boom, which has now ended.
Trey Parker

**Randolph Severn "Trey" Parker III** (born October 19 1969) is an American animator, screenwriter, film director, voice actor, actor, musician and Academy Award nominated lyricist. He and Matt Stone worked on the animated series _South Park_.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Trey Parker
- **image**:
- **imagesize**: 1150px
- **caption**: Parker at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con International
- **birth name**: Randolph Severn Parker III
- **birth place**: Conifer, Colorado, United States, U.S.A.
- **years active**: 1989–present
- **nationality**: American
- **education**: Evergreen High School (Evergreen, Colorado), Evergreen High School
- **alma mater**: University of Colorado at Boulder
- **notable works**: _South Park_, _South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut_, _Team America: World Police_, _The Book of Mormon (musical), The Book of Mormon_
- **father**: Randy Parker
- **awards**: **Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming less than One Hour)**
2005 - South Park
 List of South Park Episodes, episode, "Best Friends Forever"
2007 - South Park
 List of South Park Episodes, episode, "Make Love, Not Warcraft"
**Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or More)**
2008 - South Park
 "Imaginationland"
- **spouse**: Emma Sugiyama (2005–2008)
- **children**: Betty Parker
Matt Stone

**Matthew Richard "Matt" Stone** (born May 26, 1971) is an Academy Award- nominated Emmy Award- winning American animator, screenwriter, director, producer, voice actor, musician and actor. He and Trey Parker created the animated television series, _South Park_.

## Infobox (actor)

- **image**: Matt Stone at the 2024 Telluride Film Festival (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Stone in 2024
- **birthname**: Matthew Richard Stone
- **birth place**: Houston, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **yearsactive**: 1989- present
- **known for**: South Park
South Park Bigger-Longer and Uncut
Team America: World police
- **spouse**: Angela Howard
- **awards**: **Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming less than One Hour)**
2005 _South Park_
<small>List of South Park Episodes, episode, "Best Friends Forever"</small>
2007 _South Park_
<small>List of South Park Episodes, episode, "Make Love, Not Warcraft"</small>
**Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or More)**
2008 - _South Park_
<small>"Imaginationland"</small>
Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet

Tibet and Mongolia signed a treaty called the **Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet**  on February 2, 1913, at Urga (now Ulaanbaatar). Today, we are not sure if the treaty can be used or not.

## Legal issues

The Qing Dynasty ended in 1911. After this, both Tibet and Mongolia were independent. Both had a lamaist head of state. The Republic of China did not see them as independent. In the treaty, both Mongolia and Tibet said they would see each other as independent, and help each other in war.

The people who signed for Mongolia were foreign minister Da Lama Ravdan and General Manlaibaatar Damdinsüren. Those who signed for Tibet were Agvan Dorjiev, Chijamts, and Gendun-Galsan, who lived in Tibet. Dorjiev was  a Buryat, a citizen of Russia. For this reason, the treaty may not be legal. The 13th Dalai Lama denied that he had let Dorjiev sign a treaty with Mongolia. More importantly, neither the Lama nor the Tibetan government has ever signed any treaty. The Russian government said  that Dorjiev was Russian. He could therefore not act as a diplomat for the Dalai Lama. The Mongolian text of the treaty was published by the Mongolian Academy of Sciences in 1982.

Most people did not see Mongolia or Tibet as independent. They said that these areas belonged to China. Western powers had made treaties with the Qing Dynasty, and China had said it would honour these treaties. If they had recognised either Tibet or Mongolia, these treaties would have become invalid. The main Western powers were the United Kingdom and Russia. Both feared that if they saw the countries as independent, they could come under the influence of the other western powers. In their opinion, that situation was worse than if China controlled both of them, because China was weak.

## Solutions

British negotiators at the Simla Convention heard about the treaty and got very suspicious. They feared that Russia might use the treaty to gain more influence in Tibet.  In the end, China did not sign the Simla Convention. Instead, a very similar treaty was signed by Mongolia, China, and Russia on 25 May 1915. This treaty was called the tripartite Treaty of Kyakhta. The agreement stated that Mongolia was completely  autonomous in internal matters and that Russia had certain privileges in Mongolia. At the same time it said that Mongolia was in fact a part of China.

## Other websites

- English translation of the Treaty from Tibetan
Waterford

**Waterford City** is a city in Ireland. The population in 2006 was nearly 50,000 people. It is the county town of County Waterford. Waterford is the fifth largest city in Ireland. It is also the oldest city in Ireland.

Waterford is home to the Waterford Crystal glass factory, which exports crystal all around the world. This glass factory has made many famous pieces, including the New Years Eve glass ball used in Times Square in New York. The factory closed in 2009 leading to over 1,500 job losses. The factory reopened again in the city centre in June 2010 and is now a popular tour. Tourists also come to Waterford to visit the Waterford Viking Triangle.

## History

The city was founded in 914 by the Vikings. The Norman King Henry II of England landed at Waterford in 1171. Waterford and then Dublin were made royal cities and in the Middle Ages, Waterford was Ireland's second city after Dublin. As a result, King Henry VII gave the city its motto: _Urbs Intacta Manet Waterfordia (Waterford remains the untaken city)_.
After the Protestant Reformation, Waterford remained a Catholic city and participated in an independent Catholic government from 1642 to 1649. This was ended by Oliver Cromwell, who brought the country back under English rule; his son-in-law Henry Ireton finally took Waterford in 1650 after a battle.

The 18th century was a period of wealth for Waterford. Most of the city's best buildings came during this time. A permanent military base was established in the city with the Waterford Barracks at the end of the 18th century.

During the 19th century, great industries such as glass making and shipbuilding started in the city.

Reginald's Tower is the oldest urban civic building in Ireland, and the oldest monument to retain its Viking name. It is Waterford's most recognisable landmark. It is believed to be the first building in Ireland to use mortar. Reginald's Tower is in the Viking Triangle, a favourite visiting area for tourists which contains three museums and the Waterford Crystal factory and showroom.

The River Suir, which flows through Waterford City, has provided a basis for the city's long maritime history. The place downriver from Waterford where the River Nore and the River Barrow join the River Suir is known in the Irish language as _Cumar na dTrí Uisce_ ("The confluence of the three waters"). Waterford Port has been one of Ireland's major ports for over 1000 years. In the 19th century, shipbuilding was a major industry. The owners of the Neptune Shipyard, the Malcomson family, built and operated the largest fleet of iron steamers in the world between the mid-1850s and the late 1860s, including five trans-Atlantic passenger liners.

## Transport

Waterford Airport is a regional airport. Waterford is also known for where of one of the biggest European airlines, Ryanair started from. The first flight was a 14-seat Bandeirante aircraft, flying between Waterford and Gatwick Airport.
Dissipation

In physics, **dissipation** includes the concept of a dynamical system where _important mechanical modes_, such as waves or oscillations, lose energy over time, typically due to the action of friction or turbulence. The lost energy is converted into heat, raising the temperature of the system. Such systems are called dissipative systems.

For example, a wave that loses amplitude is said to **dissipate**. The dissipative nature depends on the nature of the wave: an atmospheric wave, for instance, may dissipate close to the surface due to friction with the land mass, and at higher levels due to radiative cooling.

## In computational physics

In computational physics, a numerical dissipation is also known as **"artificial dissipation"** or **"artificial diffusion"** or **"numerical diffusion"**. They all mean this: when the pure advection equation--which, by definition, _is free of dissipation_--is solved by a numerical approximation method that reduces the amplitude and changes the shape of the initial wave in a way analogous (similar) to a diffusional process, the method is said to contain 'dissipation'.

## In river hydrology

In Hydrology, dissipation is the process of converting mechanical energy of downward flowing water into thermal and acoustical energy. Various devices are designed in stream-beds (river-banks) to reduce the kinetic energy of flowing waters to reduce their erosive potential on banks and river bottoms. Very often these devices look like small waterfalls or cascades, where water flows vertically or over riprap to lose some of its kinetic force.
Galway

**Galway** is a port city in the western part of Ireland. It is in the historic province of Connacht. Over 70,000 people live there as of 2011. It is located on the Galway Bay.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Galway
- **motto**: _Laudatio Ejus Manet In Secula Seculorum_<small>(Latin language, Latin)</small>
"His Praise Remains unto Ages of Ages"
- **image skyline**: Galway-St Nicholas-02-gje.jpg
- **nickname**: "City of the Tribes"
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: St. Nicholas
- **image flag**: Galway colours.PNG
- **image shield**: Galway crest.png
- **pushpin map**: Ireland
- **pushpin map caption**: Galway City in Ireland
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Republic of Ireland, Ireland
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Ireland, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Connacht
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Ireland, County
- **subdivision name2**: County Galway, Galway
- **government type**: Galway City Council, City Council
- **leader title**: Mayor of Galway
- **leader name**: Terry O'Flaherty
- **leader title1**: Local Electoral Areas, LEAs
- **leader name1**: 3
- **leader title2**: Dáil Éireann
- **leader name2**: Galway West (Dáil Éireann constituency), Galway West
- **leader title3**: European Parliament
- **leader name3**: North-West (European Parliament constituency), North-West
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 75,529
- **population urban**: 76,778
- **population blank1 title**: Demonym
- **population blank1**: Galwegian, Tribesman
- **timezone**: Western European Time, WET
- **utc offset**: 0
- **timezone dst**: Irish Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset dst**: +1
- **area code**: 091
- **website**: [http://www.galwaycity.ie www.galwaycity.ie]
- **blank name**: Vehicle registration plates of Ireland, Car plates
- **blank info**: G
Springfield, Massachusetts

**Springfield** is a city in Massachusetts, United States. In the year 2020, 155,929 people lived in the city and 460,000 people lived in Metropolitan Springfield. Springfield is the largest city on the Connecticut River. It is at a natural crossroad where three rivers flow into the Connecticut River.

## History

One of Springfield's nicknames is "The City of Firsts" because many famous inventions came from there, like:

- The sport of basketball was invented in Springfield in 1892. The James Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame is there.
- The American car was invented there in 1893.
- The American motorcycle was invented in Springfield in 1901.
- The modern fire engine was invented there in 1905.
- The commercial radio station was invented there in 1920.
- The UHF TV station was invented in Springfield in 1950.

## Location

Springfield is near Hartford, Connecticut. The two cities are only 24 miles (38 km) apart. Airline service to Springfield and Hartford is provided from Bradley International Airport. Bradley is 12 miles (19 km) away from Springfield, and 12 miles (19 km) away from Hartford.

## People

Many famous people are from Springfield: Dr. Seuss, the author, is from there. John Brown, the abolitionist, started his abolitionism here. James MacNeill Whistler, the famous painter, lived there too. Timothy Leary, the LSD activist was born there. Milton Bradley, the game-maker made his games, like "The Game of Life," and "Chutes and Ladders" there. Charles Goodyear, the man who invented vulcanized rubber, first made it in Springfield.

## Environment

Springfield's other nicknames are "The City in a Forest," because it has a lot of trees in it, and "The City of Homes" because it has many big Victorian houses.

## Sports

Springfield has two professional sports teams, the Springfield Falcons AHL ice hockey team, and the Springfield Armor NBA D-League basketball team. Both teams play home games at the MassMutual Center on Main Street in Springfield.

## Transportation

Many trains and buses meet in Springfield, because it is close to big cities like New York City, Boston, Montreal, and Albany. It is also next to New England's largest river, the Connecticut River. Springfield has always been a city that has welcomed immigrants.

## Sightseeing

Springfield has the Basketball Hall of Fame, The Quadrangle museums - a group of art, science, and history museums around the Dr. Seuss sculptures. There is the Club Quarter, where there are many restaurants, bars, and discos. There is also Forest Park, where there is a zoo, different sports fields, and a lake.
Global apartheid

**Global apartheid** is a term used to mean the worldwide control of resources, the economy, and government by an ethnic minority. The term comes from apartheid, a governmental system that ruled South Africa in which the Afrikaners, or "whites", controlled most of the resources and where non-whites were denied access to these resources. Apartheid or 'separate development' was introduced by the National Party after the 1948 election to protect European interests and identity by enforcing separation between the 'races'. The term is often used to describe the gap between whites and nonwhites, and global socioeconomic inequality, the existence of which has been proven by statistics. As in South Africa, there is a hierarchy of group rights in the world:

1. citizens of the US, UK and France, with veto powers in the Security Council, NATO and IMF, World Bank and global economic regimes;
1. OECD and Western Alliance, who have the vote, access to courts and Western solidarity;
1. other independent states represented on a regional basis and party to human rights conventions
1. independent states which do not adhere to human rights conventions;
1. occupied territories and peoples without states;
1. refugees, asylum-seekers and stateless person.

Although not explicitly classified by race, this hierarchy is banded by colour. Nationality laws of most countries, and the European Union, explicitly enshrine this ‘classification'.

European countries control most of the world's technology and weapons, and 20% of the global population, the richest percentage, take in 71.3% of income. Although most people of the world are not white, thereby making whites a minority, this minority often holds power in society. Most Western countries have laws against racial discrimination and active anti-racist movements, however much Western thought, law and action are exclusive, operating through institutional and indirect discrimination rather than overt racism. Their system of exclusion are more sophisticated, this prevents the West from exercising unconditional power in international affairs.

The term apartheid was famously used by Thabo Mbeki, the then-President of South Africa, in a 2002 speech, drawing comparisons the modern-day status of the world's people, economy, and access to natural resources to the apartheid era. Mbeki got the term from the book Unravelling Global Apartheid (1996) by Titus Alexander, initiator of Charter 99, a campaign for global democracy, who was present at the UN Millennium Summit.
Baccara

**Baccara** was a Spanish pop group. They were formed in 1977. It had two members: Mayte Mateos and María Mendiola. They were successful with their first song, _Yes Sir, I Can Boogie_. Baccara represented Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1978. They performed _Parlez-vous français?_. In 1981, Baccara split. Both Mateos and Mendiola then began work on music by themselves. revived several times in 1987-onwards.

## Main songs discography

- 1977 : Yes Sir, I Can Boogie/Cara Mia
- 1978 : Parlez-Vous Francais?/Amoureux
- 1979 : Body Talk/By 1999
- 1980 : Sleepy Time Toy/Candido
- 1981 : Colorado/Mucho Mucho
- 1987 : Call Me Up/Talisman
- 1988 : My, Fantasy Boy
- 1989 : Touch Me
- 2000 : I Want to Be in Love with Somebody
- 2017 : I Belong to Your Heart/Super Sexy Baby
- 2021 : No Sir, Don't Say Goodbye

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Baccara
- **img**: Baccara - CSD 2006 Cologne - Bühne Heumarkt (5015).jpg
- **img capt**: Baccara in 2006
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Spain
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, Eurodisco
- **years active**: 1977–present (in some versions)
- **label**: RCA, United Artists Records, Bellaphon, ZYX Music
- **associated acts**: Venus
- **past members**: Maria Mendiola
Mayte Mateos
The Clash (Album)

***The Clash*** is the first album-length recording made by English punk rock band the Clash.  It was released twice. Both releases are still in print: the original version in 1977 and the changed U.S. version in 1979 (with several post-1977 single sides added to the album).

## Track listing

All tracks were written by Joe Strummer and Mick Jones, except where noted.

### Side one

1. "Janie Jones" – 2:08
1. "Remote Control " – 3:03
1. "I'm So Bored with the USA" – 2:24
1. "White Riot" – 1:56
1. "Hate and War" – 2:06
1. "What's My Name?" (Jones, Keith Levine, Strummer) – 1:41
1. "Deny" – 3:06
1. "London's Burning" – 2:12

Tracks 1, 3–4, 6–8 are sung by Joe Strummer. Tracks 2 and 5 are sung by Joe Strummer and Mick Jones.

### Side two

1. "Career Opportunities" – 1:54
1. "Cheat" – 2:06
1. "Protex Blue" – 1:47
1. "Police and Thieves" (Junior Murvin, Lee "Scratch" Perry) – 6:03
1. "48 Hours" – 1:36
1. "Garageland" – 3:12

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Clash
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: The Clash
- **released**: 8 April 1977
- **recorded**: 10 February 1977–27 February 1977 National Film and Television School, Beaconsfield, Whitfield Street Studios, CBS Studios London, England, London
- **genre**: Punk rock
- **length**: 35:18
- **label**: CBS Records, CBS
- **producer**: Mickey Foote
- **next title**: Give 'Em Enough Rope
- **next year**: 1978
Give 'Em Enough Rope

***Give 'Em Enough Rope*** is the second album by English punk rock band the Clash. It was released in 1978. In the United States, this was their first official album because it was released before the U.S. version of _The Clash_.  The album was well liked and got to number 2 in the UK chart, and number 128 in the U.S.

## Track listing

All songs were written by Joe Strummer and Mick Jones, except where noted. All songs were arranged by The Clash. All lead vocals were by Strummer, except "Stay Free" by Jones.

### Side one

1. "Safe European Home" – 3:50
1. "English Civil War" – 2:35
1. "Tommy Gun" – 3:17
1. "Julie's Been Working for the Drug Squad" – 3:03
1. "Last Gang in Town" – 5:14

### Side two

1. "Guns on the Roof" (Strummer, Jones, Paul Simonon, Topper Headon) – 3:15
1. "Drug-Stabbing Time" – 3:43
1. "Stay Free" – 3:40
1. "Cheapskates" – 3:25
1. "All the Young Punks (New Boots and Contracts)" – 4:55

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Give 'Em Enough Rope
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: The Clash
- **released**: 10 November 1978
- **recorded**: May–June 1978
<small>Sarm West Studios, London;</small>
August–September 1978
<small>The Automatt, San Francisco, California</small>
- **genre**: Punk rock
- **length**: 36:57
- **label**: CBS Records, CBS, Epic Records, Epic
- **producer**: Sandy Pearlman
- **prev title**: The Clash (album), The Clash
(1977)
- **next title**: London Calling
(1979)
The Daily Show

***The Daily Show*** is an Emmy Award-winning news parody television program. It airs each Monday through Thursday on Comedy Central in the United States. The half-hour long program was first shown on Monday, July 22, 1996.  It was first hosted by Craig Kilborn. Kilborn acted as its anchorman until December 1998. Jon Stewart took over as host in January 1999.  Many changes were made to the program at that time. Stewart retired in 2015. The show will be hosted by South African comedian Trevor Noah in September 2015.

Under Stewart, _The Daily Show_ has become more strongly focused around politics and the national media. It is much different to the more character-driven comedy which was shown more during Kilborn's time on the program. Stewart's final broadcast aired on August 6, 2015.

## Infobox (television)

- **alt name**: _The Daily Show with Jon Stewart_
- **genre**: Comedy
Satire
News parody
Late night television, late night
 talk show
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **creator**: Madeleine Smithberg
Lizz Winstead
- **presenter**: Craig Kilborn (1996–1998)
Jon Stewart (1999–2015)
Trevor Noah (2015-present)
- **starring**: Correspondents
Guests
- **executive producer**: David Javerbaum
Jon Stewart
 Rory Albanese
Kahane Corn
Josh Lieb
- **director**: Chuck O'Neil
- **country**: United States
- **network**: Comedy Central
- **last aired**: present
- **num episodes**: 3,681 (as of June 1, 2022)
- **opentheme**: Bob Mould, "Dog On Fire" (performed by They Might Be Giants)
- **related**: _The Colbert Report_
Ritchie Neville

**Richard Neville Dobson** (born 23 August 1979) is an English singer from Solihull, Birmingham, England. He is most noted for being a member of the boy band Five.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ritchie Neville
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Richard Neville Dobson
- **origin**: Solihull, Birmingham, England
- **occupation**: Singer
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **years active**: 1997–present
- **current member of**: Five (band), Five
Five (band)

**Five** (occasionally stylised as **5ive**) are an English boy band formed in 1997 by the same team that formed the Spice Girls, Bob Herbert and his son Chris. Signed by Simon Cowell, they enjoyed success worldwide, but particularly in the UK, parts of Europe, Russia, parts of Asia, Brazil, Israel, Australia, New Zealand and USA. They broke up on 27 September 2001, after selling almost 20 million records, and having 11 top ten singles and 4 top ten albums in the UK. The five members are Scott Robinson, Ritchie Neville, Jason "J" Brown, Richard "Abs" Breen, and Sean Conlon. Four of the five original members briefly reformed the group on September 27, 2006, but only 7 months after announcing a comeback, Five made an announcement by their official website they would again disband. They reformed in 2012.

Abz left on 29 August 2014, and rejoined again on 27 February 2025.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Five
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: 5ive
- **origin**: London, England
- **associated acts**: Abs Breen, Abs
- **current members**: Ritchie Neville
*Scott Robinson (singer), Scott Robinson
*Sean Conlon
*Abz Love
*Jason "J" Brown
- **website**: [https://itsfiveofficial.com Official website]
Secret Diary of a Call Girl

***Secret Diary of a Call Girl*** (also known as ***Secret Diary***) is a British television drama broadcast on ITV2 starring Billie Piper as "Belle", a high-class London-based call girl. The story is based on the blogs of Belle de Jour.

The first 8 part series began on 27 September 2007 at 10pm. The second 8 part series began on 11 September 2008 at 10pm.

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **creator**: Lucy Prebble
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **starring**: Billie Piper
Iddo Goldberg
Cherie Lunghi
Callum Blue
Ashley Madekwe
- **network**: ITV2
- **num series**: 2
- **num episodes**: 16
- **list episodes**: List of Secret Diary of a Call Girl episodes
ITV2

**ITV2** is a free television channel in the United Kingdom owned by ITV Digital Channels Ltd, a part of ITV plc. It started on 7 December 1998. For a long time, it was the most popular channel other than the main five analogue channels. Now, ITV3 is the most popular other than these.

The channel shows many American programmes such as _Family Guy_, _American Dad!_, and _The Vampire Diaries_. It also has its own programmes that have been popular, such as _Celebrity Juice_ and _Love Island_.

### Current programmes

- American Dad
- Celebrity Juice
- Coronation Street Omnibus
- Dinner Date
- Emmerdale Omnibus
- Family Guy
- Supermarket Sweep
- Take Me Out
- You've Been Framed!

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: ITV2
- **logo**: ITV2 logo 2022.svg
- **owner**: ITV Digital Channels
(ITV plc)
- **picture format**: 1080i HDTV

- **country**: United Kingdom
- **sister channels**: ITV1
ITV3
ITV4
ITVBe
CITV
- **timeshift service**: ITV2 +1
- **slogan**: _TV. And then some._
- **terr serv 1**: Freeview (UK), Freeview
- **terr chan 1**: Channel 6
Channel 28 (+1)
- **sat serv 1**: Freesat
- **sat chan 1**: Channel 113
Channel 114 (+1)
- **sat serv 2**: Sky (United Kingdom), Sky
<small>(UK only)</small>
- **sat chan 2**: Channel 118 (HD)
Channel 218 (+1)
Channel 816 (SD)
- **sat serv 3**: Astra 2E <small>(Astra 28.2°E, 28.2°E)</small>
- **sat chan 3**: 10758 V 22000 5/6
10891 H 22000 5/6 (+1)
- **sat serv 5**: Astra 2G <small>(Astra 28.2°E, 28.2°E)</small>
- **sat chan 5**: 11053 H 23000 3/4 (HD)
- **cable serv 1**: Virgin Media <small>(UK)</small>
- **cable chan 1**: Channel 115
Channel 116 (+1)
 Channel 176 (HD)
- **cable serv 2**: UPC Switzerland
- **cable chan 2**: Channel 206
- **cable serv 3**: Citycable
<small>(Switzerland)</small>
- **cable chan 3**: Channel 406
- **cable serv 4**: WightFibre
- **cable chan 4**: Channel 6
- **iptv serv 1**: SwisscomTV
<small>(Switzerland)</small>
- **iptv chan 1**: Channel arbitrary
- **iptv serv 2**: FL1
<small>(Liechtenstein)</small>
- **iptv chan 2**: Channel 115
- **online serv 1**: ITVX
- **online chan 1**: [http://www.itv.com/watch?channel=itv2 Watch live] <small>(UK only)</small>
- **online serv 2**: TVPlayer
- **online chan 2**: [http://tvplayer.com/watch/itv2 Watch live]
- **online serv 3**: Virgin TV Anywhere
- **online chan 3**: [http://anywhere.virginmedia.com/channels/live/itv2/ Watch live] <small>(UK only)</small>
- **online serv 4**: Sky Go
- **online chan 4**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20140528023020/http://go.sky.com/vod/page/default/home.do Watch live]
(UK only)
Belle de Jour (writer)

**Belle de Jour** is the _pen name_ of a former London call girl, **Brooke Magnanti** (born 5 November 1975). Under this name she maintains a successful blog, _Belle de Jour: Diary of a London Call Girl_ which by 2003 had been selected by _The Guardian_ as its blog of the year and has had two books published in both the UK and US.

Magnanti was born and raised in Clearwater, Florida. Her father is Italian American; her mother is Jewish American. Magnanti became a British citizen in 2013. She is married and lives in Lochaber in the Scottish Highlands. She is a former prostitute.

The name recalls the 1928 novel _Belle de Jour_ by Joseph Kessel and the 1967 movie, _Belle de Jour_, starring Catherine Deneuve, directed by Luis Buñuel.

In French "Belle de Jour" means "beauty of [the] day," as opposed to "femme de nuit" or "belle de nuit," women of the night (common euphemisms for prostitutes).
Cloth mill Offermann

In the 18th century, the **cloth mill Offermann** was a brass factory in the German city of Stolberg. It was later changed to cloth mill and then to a restaurant and apartment building. The changes show the change of economical needs in that city.

## History of the building

The building was founded as a brass factory. In the 18th century, it was one of many brass factories in the city.

At the end of the 18th century, the brass industry in Stolberg lost importance. The building was sold to a clothier of the nearby village of Imgenbroich. He produced cloth for more than 60 years.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the building was used as a restaurant. Some parts of the building were greatly in need of repair.

At the end of the 20th century, major repairs were done to the building. Currently, it is used as an apartment building.

## Related pages

- Factory Bauschenberg

## Other websites

- Historians are fascinated by the cloth mill Offermann
St. Anger

***St. Anger*** is the 8th studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica. It was released on June 5, 2003. It was their last album released by Elektra Records. Four singles were released from the album. In 2004, the album's lead single, "St. Anger", won a Grammy Award for "Best Metal Performance". A lot of people did not like the style of this album and the way the drums sounded. It also has a free DVD that has the band playing the entire album in a studio.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: St. Anger
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Metallica
- **recorded**: May 1, 2002 – April 8, 2003
- **studio**: Metallica's HQ in San Rafael, California
- **label**: Elektra Records, Elektra
- **prev title**: Garage Inc.
- **prev year**: 1998
- **next title**: Death Magnetic
- **next year**: 2008
Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!

***Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!*** is the first studio album by American thrash metal band Megadeth. The album was released on June 12, 1985. It was released by Combat Records.

In early 1985, the band was given $8,000 by Combat Records. The band was given this money to record and produce their first album. Later, the band was given another $4,000. Most of the money was spent on drugs, alcohol, and food. Megadeth fired their producer, and produced the record by themselves. A new version of the album was made in 2018. It was named _Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good! - The Final Kill_.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Megadeth
- **caption**: The original cover art created by Combat Records
- **recorded**: December 1984–January 1985
- **label**: Combat Records, Combat
- **next title**: Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?
- **next year**: 1986
Fable II

***Fable II*** is a fantasy role-playing video game released for Microsoft's Xbox 360 console in 2008. It is the sequel to the original Xbox game, _Fable_. In _Fable II_ you begin as a poor orphan child who has a sister. You are invited into the King's palace where he kills your sister. The rest of the game you go through various quests where your ultimate goal is to gain revenge on the King.

## Other websites

- Official _Fable II_ site

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Fable II
- **developer**: Lionhead Studios
- **composer**: Danny Elfman

Russell Shaw (composer), Russell Shaw
- **publisher**: Xbox Game Studios, Microsoft Game Studios
- **designer**: Peter Molyneux
- **series**: _Fable (video game series), Fable_
- **platforms**: Xbox 360
- **genre**: Action role-playing game, Action role-playing
- **modes**: Single-player, multiplayer
Vocal cords

The **vocal cords** or **vocal folds** are two sets of tissue stretched across the larynx. They can vibrate when air passes through the larynx. This produces sounds. Humans use them to produce language.

Men and women have different vocal fold sizes.  Adult male voices are usually deeper: males have thicker cord. The male vocal folds are between 17 mm and 25 mm in length.**'

The female vocal folds are between 12.5 mm and 17.5 mm long.

The difference in vocal fold size between men and women means that their voices have a different pitch. Each person's voice is different and has a slightly different pitch. This is caused by genes that influence how the larynx is made.

## False vocal cords

The vocal cords are sometimes called 'true vocal cords' to distinguish them from the **false vocal cords**.  These are a pair of thick folds of mucous membrane. They sit directly above the true vocal folds, to protect them. They have a very small role in normal speech , but are often used in musical screaming and the death grunt singing style.  They are also used in Tuvan throat singing.

The false cords are also called **vestibular folds** and **ventricular folds_'.  They can be seen on the diagram above as _ventricular folds''.

Unlike the true vocal cords, the false ones grow back completely when they are removed by surgery.
Parallel computing

**Parallel computing** is a form of computation in which many instructions are carried out simultaneously (termed "in parallel"), depending on the theory that large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, and then solved concurrently ("in parallel").

There are several different forms of parallel computing:
1. Bit-level parallelism,
1. Instruction-level parallelism,
1. Data parallelism,
1. Task parallelism.

It has been used for many years, mainly in high-performance computing, with a great increase in its use in recent years, due to the physical constraints preventing frequency scaling. Parallel computing has become the main model in computer architecture, mainly in the form of Multi-core processors. However, in recent years, power consumption by parallel computers has become a concern.

Parallel computers can be classified according to the level at which the hardware supports parallelism—with multi-core and multi-processor computers having multiple processing elements inside a single machine, while clusters, blades, MPPs, and grids use multiple computers to work on the same task.

Parallel computer programs are more difficult to program than sequential ones, because concurrency introduces several new classes of potential software bugs, of which race conditions and dead locks are the most common. however many parallel programming languages have been created to simplify parallel computers programming. But still communication and synchronization between the different subtasks is difficult while achieving good parallel program performance.

## Other websites

- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Introduction to Parallel Computing
- Designing and Building Parallel Programs, by Ian Foster
- Internet Parallel Computing Archive
- Parallel processing topic area at IEEE Distributed Computing Online
- Parallel Computing Works Free On-line Book
- Frontiers of Supercomputing Free On-line Book Covering topics like algorithms and industrial applications
WrestleMania V

**WrestleMania V** was the fifth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on April 2, 1989 at the Trump Plaza in Atlantic City, New Jersey.

## Results

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**#**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Hercules defeated King Haku (with Bobby Heenan)|Singles match|06:57|||||
|2|The Twin Towers (Akeem and The Big Boss Man) (with Slick) defeated The Rockers (Shawn Michaels and Marty Jannetty).|Tag team match|08:02|||||
|3|Brutus Beefcake and Ted DiBiase (with Virgil) fought to a double countout.|Singles match|10:01|||||
|4|The Bushwhackers (Luke Williams and Butch Miller) defeated The Fabulous Rougeaus (Jacques and Raymond) (with Jimmy Hart).|Tag team match|09:10|||||
|5|Mr. Perfect defeated The Blue Blazer.|Singles match|05:38|||||
|6|Demolition (Ax and Smash) (c) defeated The Powers of Pain (The Warlord and The Barbarian) and Mr. Fuji.|Handicap tag team match for the WWF Tag Team Championship|08:20|||||
|7|Dino Bravo (with Frenchy Martin) defeated Ronnie Garvin.|Singles match|04:59|||||
|8|The Brain Busters (Arn Anderson and Tully Blanchard) (with Bobby Heenan) defeated Strike Force (Rick Martel and Tito Santana).|Tag team match|09:17|||||
|9|Jake Roberts defeated André the Giant (with Bobby Heenan) by disqualification|Singles match with special guest referee Big John Studd|09:44|||||
|10|The Hart Foundation (Bret Hart and Jim Neidhart) defeated The Honky Tonk Man and Greg Valentine (with Jimmy Hart).|Tag team match|07:40|||||
|11|Rick Rude (with Bobby Heenan) defeated The Ultimate Warrior (c).|Singles match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship|09:36|||||
|12|Jim Duggan and Bad News Brown fought to a double disqualification.|Singles match|03:49|||||
|13|The Red Rooster defeated Bobby Heenan (with The Brooklyn Brawler).|Singles match|00:32|||||
|14|Hulk Hogan defeated Randy Savage (c)|Singles match for the WWF Championship|17:54|||||

## Other websites

- The Official Website of WrestleMania V

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: WrestleMania V
- **tagline**: The Mega Powers Explode
- **promotion**: World Wrestling Entertainment, World Wrestling Federation
- **date**: April 2, 1989
- **venue**: Trump Plaza (Atlantic City), Trump Boardwalk Hall, Plaza
- **city**: Atlantic City, New Jersey
- **attendance**: 18,946
- **lastevent**: Royal Rumble (1989)
- **nextevent**: SummerSlam (1989)
- **event**: WrestleMania (PPV series), WrestleMania
- **lastevent2**: WrestleMania IV
- **nextevent2**: WrestleMania VI
Optimization (computer science)

In computing, **optimization** is the process of modifying a system to make some features of it work more efficiently or use fewer resources.  For instance, a computer program may be optimized so that it runs faster, or to run with less memory requirements or other resources (see Space-time tradeoff), or to consume less energy. This is a branch of software engineering.

The optimization can have sense at different levels, from the lowest (development of circuits, writing of machine code designed especially for the architecture) up to the highest levels of making of implementation, use or design of algorithms.

The optimization is generally recommended to leave until the end of the process of development, since the premature optimization can introduce new errors (generally more difficult to detect for being of algorithmic nature).

The optimized system may be a single computer program, a collection of computers or even an entire network such as the Internet.

## Emerging Trends

- Optimization for AI and Machine Learning
- Quantum Optimization
- Multi-objective Optimization

## Other websites

- Programming Optimization
- C,C++ optimization
- C optimization tutorial
- Software Optimization at Link-time And Run-time
- Article "A Plea for Lean Software" by Niklaus Wirth
- Description from the Portland Pattern Repository
- Performance tuning of Computer Networks
- An article describing high-level optimization
- Some examples of optimization problems & algorithms
Pilgrimage of Grace

The **Pilgrimage of Grace** was a revolt in York, Yorkshire in 1536. People  protested against England's break with Rome and the Dissolution of the Monasteries. There were also other specific political, social and economic issues they did not like. Technically the term _Pilgrimage of Grace_ only refers to the uprising around York, but sometimes it is used in relation to the risings in general which took place around Northern England; first from Lincolnshire, twelve days before the actual _Pilgrimage of Grace_.

The revolt was caused by Henry VIII's Dissolution of the Monasteries, which caused problems with around 500,000 monks and nuns.
WrestleMania VI

**WrestleMania VI** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on April 1, 1990 at SkyDome in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was the sixth WrestleMania event held by the WWF. It was the first WrestleMania to be held outside of the United States. It was up from the last WrestleMania's attendance which was 18,946.

The event was known for "The Ultimate Challenge", a match where Hulk Hogan (WWF Champion) faced The Ultimate Warrior (WWF Intercontinental Champion), in which both championship titles were on the line.

## Results

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**#**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Matches**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1<sup>D</sup>|Paul Roma defeated The Brooklyn Brawler|Singles match|N/A|||||
|2|Rick Martel defeated Koko B. Ware|Singles match|3:51|||||
|3|Demolition (Ax and Smash)  defeated The Colossal Connection (André the Giant and Haku) (c) (with Bobby Heenan)|Tag team match for the WWF Tag Team Championship|9:30|||||
|4|Earthquake (with Jimmy Hart) defeated Hercules|Singles match|4:52|||||
|5|Brutus Beefcake defeated Mr. Perfect (with The Genius)|Singles match|7:48|||||
|6|Roddy Piper and Bad News Brown fought to a double countout|Singles match|6:48|||||
|7|The Hart Foundation (Bret Hart and Jim Neidhart) defeated The Bolsheviks (Nikolai Volkoff and Boris Zhukov)|Tag team match|0:19|||||
|8|The Barbarian (with Bobby Heenan) defeated Tito Santana|Singles match|4:33|||||
|9|Dusty Rhodes and Sapphire (with Miss Elizabeth) defeated Randy Savage and Sensational Queen Sherri|Mixed tag team match|7:52|||||
|10|The Orient Express (Sato and Pat Tanaka) (with Mr. Fuji) defeated The Rockers (Shawn Michaels and Marty Jannetty) by countout|Tag team match|7:38|||||
|11|Jim Duggan defeated Dino Bravo (with Jimmy Hart and Earthquake)|Singles match|4:15|||||
|12|Ted DiBiase (c) (with Virgil) defeated Jake Roberts by countout|Singles match for the Million Dollar Championship|11:50|||||
|13|Big Boss Man defeated Akeem (with Slick)|Singles match|1:49|||||
|14|Rick Rude (with Bobby Heenan) defeated Jimmy Snuka|Singles match|3:59|||||
|15|Intercontinental Champion The Ultimate Warrior defeated WWF Champion Hulk Hogan|Singles match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship and the WWF Championship|22:51|||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match D – indicates that the match was a dark match|||||||

## Other websites

- Official WrestleMania VI website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: WrestleMania VI
- **tagline**: The Ultimate Challenge
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Federation
- **date**: April 1, 1990
- **venue**: Rogers Centre, SkyDome
- **city**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **lastevent**: Royal Rumble (1990)
- **nextevent**: SummerSlam (1990)
- **event**: WrestleMania
- **lastevent2**: WrestleMania V
- **nextevent2**: WrestleMania VII
Real-time computing

**Real-time computing** is a field of Computer science. The idea is to design systems that have a _real-time constraint_.  Real time systems will guarantee to give a result within a specified time. There are two kinds of real-time systems:

- _Hard real-time systems_: After the delay has passed the result is totally useless (and considered to be an error). No matter what happens, hard-real time systems deliver the result in the specified time. Real world examples are the controller for the airbag in a car. The reaction time of an airbag system is around 1 ms. Another example for a hard real-time system is the Anti-lock braking system in a car. If it does not react fast enough, an accident will occur. People might die because the result was not there fast enough.

- _Soft real-time systems_: On average, these systems work _fast enough_ to make it feel like real-time. A videoconferencing system has microseconds to record sound and video, to send them to the other party, and to process the incoming data. If at one time, this cannot be done, the video will be blurred, and the sound may be out of sync for a few moments. This is however not a catastrophe, and the system can continue to work.
AVN Awards

The **AVN Awards** are movie awards sponsored by and presented by the adult video industry magazine AVN. They began in January 1984.

## Infobox (award)

- **name**: AVN Awards
- **current awards**: 40th AVN Awards
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **alt**: 2015 AVN Awards Statuette
- **caption**: The 32nd AVN Awards, 2015 AVN Award statuette for the category "Best Director Feature", won by Brad Armstrong (director), Brad Armstrong
- **sponsor**: _Adult Video News_
- **presenter**: _Adult Video News_
- **location**: Las Vegas Valley, Las Vegas, Nevada
- **country**: United States
- **reward**: Trophy
- **year2**: Present
- **main**: AVN Award
Fuji

**Fuji** can refer to:
- Mount Fuji, a mountain in Japan
- Fuji River, a river in Japan
- Fuji, Shizuoka, a city in Japan
- Fuji Heavy Industries, a Japanese manufacturing company. (Now known as Subaru Corporation)
- Fuji Speedway, a racetrack near Mount Fuji
- Fuji (apple), a variety of apple
WrestleMania VII

**WrestleMania VII** was the seventh annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event. It was produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE).

## Results

- The Rockers (Shawn Michaels & Marty Jannetty) Def. Haku & The Barbarian w/ Bobby “The Brain” Heenan
- The Texas Tornado Def. Dino Bravo
- The British Bulldog Def. Warlord w/ Slick
- WWF Tag Team Championship Match:The Nasty Boys (Jerry Sags and Brian Knobbs) (w/Jimmy Hart) Def. The Hart Foundation (Bret Hart and Jim Neidhart) to win the WWF Tag Team Champions
- Jake Roberts Def. Rick Martel in a Blindfold Match
- The Undertaker (with Paul Bearer) Def. Jimmy Snuka
- The Ultimate Warrior Def. Randy Savage (with Sensational Queen Sherri)
- Genichiro Tenryu and Kōji Kitao Def. Demolition (Crush and Smash) (with Mr. Fuji)
- WWF Intercontinental Title Match: The Big Boss Man (with André the Giant) Def. Mr. Perfect (c) (with Bobby Heenan) by DQ
- Earthquake (with Jimmy Hart) Def. Greg Valentine
- The Legion of Doom (Hawk and Animal) Def. Power and Glory (Paul Roma and Hercules) (with Slick)
- Virgil (with Roddy Piper) Def. Ted DiBiase by countout
- The Mountie (with Jimmy Hart) Def. Tito Santana
- WWF Title Match:Hulk Hogan Def. Sgt. Slaughter (c) (w/General Adnan) to win the WWF Championship

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: WrestleMania VII
- **tagline**: Superstars and Stripes Forever
- **promotion**: World Wrestling Entertainment, World Wrestling Federation
- **date**: March 24 1991
- **venue**: Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena
- **city**: Los Angeles, California
- **attendance**: 16,158
- **lastevent**: Royal Rumble (1991)
- **nextevent**: SummerSlam (1991)
- **event**: WrestleMania (PPV series), WrestleMania
- **lastevent2**: WrestleMania VI
- **nextevent2**: WrestleMania VIII