juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dawlish

**Dawlish** () is a town on the south coast of Devon, South West England. It is 12 miles from the County town of Exeter. The town has a population of around 13,000 people. During the eighteenth century, it grew from a small fishing port to become a well-known seaside resort.

The Great Western Railway runs along the sea.  It is the main line to Cornwall. In 2014 a storm washed it away and it was closed for 8 weeks.  It has now been reinforced with a much stronger sea wall.

Dawlish was one of the pumping stations for Isambard Kingdom Brunel'<nowiki/>s atmospheric railway which opened in 1846.

## Other websites

- infodawlish.co.uk  An informative look at the Town & Businesses of Dawlish
- Dawlish (DMOZ.org)

## Infobox (uk place)

- **static image name**: Dawlish 2.jpg
- **static image width**: 240
- **static image caption**: <small>The seafront at Dawlish</small>
- **country**: England
- **region**: South West England
- **shire county**: Devon
- **shire district**: Teignbridge
- **civil parish**: Dawlish
- **official name**: Dawlish
- **os grid reference**: SX963767
- **population**: 12,819
- **population ref**: _(2001)_
- **post town**: DAWLISH
- **postcode area**: EX
- **postcode district**: EX7
- **dial code**: 01626
- **constituency westminster**: Newton Abbot (UK Parliament constituency), Newton Abbot
Newquay

**Newquay** () is a town, civil parish, seaside resort, and fishing port on the north Atlantic coast of Cornwall, South West England. It is bounded to the west by the River Gannel and its associated salt marsh, and in the east by the Porth Valley. The town has been expanding inland (south) since it was founded. According to the 2001 census, it had a permanent population of 19,423. It is the largest holiday resort in Cornwall, and it is served by Newquay Airport. The large beach provides very good conditions for surfing. There are numerous shops, ranging from the usual charity shops to shops selling many different brands of surf clothing.  There are many places to enjoy eating within the town.

## Climate

As with the rest of the British Isles and South West England, Newquay experiences a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest Met Office weather station is St. Mawgan/Newquay Airport, about 3.5 miles to the north east of the town centre. Temperature extremes in the area since 1960 vary from  in June 1976 and August 1995  down to  during January 1987.

## Other websites

- Newquay Town Council
- Treninick entry in the Domesday Book
- 1st Newquay Scout Group
- Newquay Nightlife - Guide to bars, hotels, restaurants, beaches and more

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **map type**: Cornwall
- **official name**: Newquay
- **cornish name**: Tewynblustri
- **static image**: Newquayhill.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Looking towards Newquay Harbour</small>
- **population**: 19,562
- **population ref**: (Civil Parish, 2001)
- **civil parish**: Newquay
- **unitary england**: Cornwall Council, Cornwall
- **lieutenancy england**: Cornwall
- **region**: South West England
- **constituency westminster**: St Austell and Newquay (UK Parliament constituency), St Austell and Newquay
- **post town**: NEWQUAY
- **postcode district**: TR7
- **postcode area**: TR
- **dial code**: 01637
- **os grid reference**: SW815615
Cairnryan

**Cairnryan** is a small Scottish village overlooking Loch Ryan and is notable today for its large modern ferry port, operated by P&O, which links Scotland with Larne in Northern Ireland. The village has been of vital importance in maritime history.

## Other websites

- Larne Ferry Web - for news & history of ferries to Larne
Stranraer

**Stranraer** (Gaelic: _An t-Sròn Reamhar_, ) is a town in the south of Scotland in the west of the region of Dumfries and Galloway and in the county of Wigtownshire. It was formerly the ferry port connecting Scotland with Belfast in Northern Ireland.  Ferries now leave from Cairnryan.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Stranraer
- **gaelic name**: An t-Sròn Reamhar
- **scots name**: Stranrawer
- **population**: 10,851
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 Census)
- **os grid reference**: NX059606
- **unitary scotland**: Dumfries and Galloway
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Wigtownshire, Wigtown
- **constituency westminster**: Dumfries and Galloway (UK Parliament constituency), Dumfries and Galloway
- **constituency scottish parliament**: Galloway and Upper Nithsdale (Scottish Parliament constituency), Galloway and Upper Nithsdale
- **post town**: STRANRAER
- **postcode district**: DG9
- **postcode area**: DG
- **dial code**: 01776
Coleraine

**Coleraine** () is a very large town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland near to the mouth of the River Bann. It is  northwest of Belfast and  east of Derry City, both of which are linked by major roads and railway connections. George Best Belfast City Airport to the south–east, City of Derry Airport,  to the west, and the main regional airport, Belfast International Airport, to the south are all relatively accessible from Coleraine.

## Notable people

- Famous people who have lived in Coleraine include the actor James Nesbitt, Andrew Bonar Law who was Prime minister of the United Kingdom for a short period in the 1920s, and also suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams.

## Other websites

- Coleraine Borough Council
- Coleraine Community Safety Partnership
- Coleraine Youth Forum

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Coleraine
- **irish name**: Cúil Rathain
- **scots name**: Cowlraine
- **static image**: Coleraine Stadtmitte.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Coleraine town hall</small>
- **map type**: Northern Ireland
- **label position**: none
- **population**: 24,089
- **population ref**: <small>(United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 Census)</small>
- **irish grid reference**: C844328
- **unitary northern ireland**: Coleraine Borough Council, Coleraine
- **country**: Northern Ireland
- **post town**: COLERAINE
- **postcode area**: BT
- **postcode district**: BT51, BT52
- **dial code**: 028
- **constituency westminster**: East Londonderry (UK Parliament constituency), East Londonderry
- **constituency ni assembly**: East Londonderry (Assembly constituency), East Londonderry
- **lieutenancy northern ireland**: County Londonderry
County Down

**County Down**, (_Contae an Dúin_ in Irish - meaning _the Fort_) is one of six counties that form Northern Ireland, and one of the nine counties of the ancient province of Ulster.

The county forms an area of 2,489 km² (961 square miles). The population in 2021 was 553,261. The county town is Downpatrick, and the largest town is Bangor.

## Further reading

- Harris, Walter (attributed). 1744. _The Ancient and Present Stare of the County of Down..._'Dublin.
- _The Memoirs of John M. Regan, a Catholic Officer in the RIC and RUC, 1909–48_, Joost Augusteijn, editor, District Inspector, Co. Down 1930s, 1919, .

## Other websites

- County Down website
- Armagh and Down Tourism
- Culture Northern Ireland - Industrial Heritage of County Down
- Down Gaelic Athletic Association/Cummann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste An Dún
- Genealogy indexes for County Down
- Ardglass Fishing port on East Down coast

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: County Down
- **native name**:
 / (Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots)
- **settlement type**: Counties of Ireland, County
- **image shield**: County Down Coat of Arms.png
- **shield size**: 150px
- **nickname**: Mourne Mountains, Mourne Country
- **motto**: (Latin language, Latin)
"Nothing Without Labour"
- **image map**: Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Down.svg
- **area total km2**: 2489
- **area rank**: List of Irish counties by area, 12th
- **seat type**: County town#Historic counties of Northern Ireland, County town
- **seat**: Downpatrick
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **elevation max m**: 850
- **elevation max point**: Slieve Donard
- **timezone**: Greenwich Mean Time, GMT
- **utc offset**: ±0
- **timezone dst**: British Summer Time, BST
- **utc offset dst**: +1
- **postal code type**: List of postcode areas in the United Kingdom, Postcode area
- **postal code**: BT postcode area, BT
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: Early 16th century
- **population**: 553261
- **population rank**: List of Irish counties by population, 4th
- **population as of**: 2021
- **subdivision type**: sovereign state, Country
- **subdivision name**: United Kingdom
- **subdivision type1**: Countries of the United Kingdom, Constituent Country
- **subdivision name1**: Northern Ireland
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Ireland, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Ulster
- **footnotes**: is the Irish language, Irish name,  and  are Ulster Scots dialects, Ulster Scots spellings.
Rostrevor

**Rostrevor** (in Irish: _Ros Treabhair_, i.e. Trevor’s Wood, also _Caislean Ruairi_, i.e. Rory's Castle) is a village in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is on Carlingford Lough and the hill of Slieve Martin, at the base of the Mourne Mountains and on the Kilbroney River. It had a population of 2,444 in the 2001 Census. The town is known for its folk music festival, Fiddler's Green Festival . It is in the Newry and Mourne District Council area. The name 'Rostrevor' first appeared circa 1618 and was named after Rose Ussher (the daughter of Henry Ussher, the Anglican Archbishop of Armagh) by her husband Edward Trevor (who came from Brynkynallt in Wales).
Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands

**Saint Thomas** is an island in the Caribbean Sea. It is a county and constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). The territorial capital and port of Charlotte Amalie is on the island. As of the 2020 census, Saint Thomas had 42,261 peoplehttps://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/island-areas/us-virgin-islands/population-and-housing-unit-counts/us-virgin-islands-phc-table01.pdf, about 48% of the US Virgin Islands total. The district has a land area of 80.9 km² (31.24 sq mi).

## Other websites

- Official sites
- United States Virgin Islands  - Official Website for the United States Virgin Islands Department of Tourism
- Districts of the United States Virgin Islands, United States Census Bureau

- Map
- St. Thomas USVI Google Map - Satellite Map of St. Thomas, USVI
Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands

**Saint John** is an island in the Caribbean Sea. It is a constituent district of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI). It is the smallest of the three main USVI islands.

St. John is about 4 miles east of Saint Thomas, and 4 miles south and west of Tortola, part of the British Virgin Islands. It is 50.8 km² (19.61 sq mi) in area. It has a population of 3,881 (2020 census).

## Other websites

- Official sites
- St. John  - Official Website for the United States Virgin Islands Department of Tourism
- Cruz Bay Visitor Center  - Virgin Island National Park, U.S. Department of the Interior
- St. John, USVI  - Official site for the US Virgin Islands Hotel & Tourism Association
- VINP Archaeology -Friends of the Virgin Islands National Park Archaeology blog (provides weekly updates of National Park excavations on St. John)

- Map
- St. John USVI Google Map - Satellite Map of St. John, USVI
Culebra

**Culebra** (meaning _snake_ in Spanish) has several meanings:
- Island of Culebra, part of Puerto Rico.
- Culebra Peak, the southernmost fourteener in Colorado, USA.
- Culebra (automobile), an English automobile manufactured in 1989.
- The Culebra Cut, an artificial valley located in the Panama Canal area, was renamed the Gaillard Cut in 1915.
Neuenhof, Aargau

**Neuenhof** is a municipality of the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Neuenhof
- **municipality name**: Neuenhof
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Neuenhof COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Baden (district), Baden
- **postal code**: 5432
- **municipality code**: 4034
- **area**: 5.37
- **elevation**: 403
- **population**: 7877
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.neuenhof.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Baden, Switzerland, Baden, Fislisbach, Killwangen, Oberrohrdorf, Wettingen, Würenlos
- **twintowns**: Holzgerlingen (Germany)
Niederlenz

**Niederlenz** is a municipality in Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Niederlenz
- **municipality name**: Niederlenz
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Niederlenz-blason.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Lenzburg (district), Lenzburg
- **postal code**: 5702
- **municipality code**: 4204
- **area**: 3.26
- **elevation**: 377
- **population**: 4038
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.niederlenz.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Lenzburg, Möriken-Wildegg, Rupperswil
Niederrohrdorf

**Niederrohrdorf** is a municipality in the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Niederrohrdorf
- **image photo**: Nieder--und-Oberrohrdorf.jpg
- **image caption**: Niederrohrdorf
- **municipality name**: Niederrohrdorf
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Niederrohrdorf AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Baden (district), Baden
- **postal code**: 5443
- **municipality code**: 4035
- **area**: 3.33
- **elevation**: 436
- **population**: 2817
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.niederrohrdorf.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Fislisbach, Mellingen, Oberrohrdorf, Remetschwil, Stetten, Aargau, Stetten
Niederwil, Aargau

**Niederwil** is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Niederwil
- **municipality name**: Niederwil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Niederwil AG COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Bremgarten (district), Bremgarten
- **postal code**: 5524
- **municipality code**: 4072
- **area**: 6.15
- **elevation**: 405
- **population**: 2309
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.niederwil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Fischbach-Göslikon, Hägglingen, Künten, Stetten, Aargau, Stetten, Tägerig, Wohlen, Aargau, Wohlen
Oberbözberg

**Oberbözberg** was a municipality, in the new municipality of Bözberg and district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Oberbözberg
- **municipality name**: Oberbözberg
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Oberbözberg AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Brugg (district), Brugg
- **postal code**: 5225
- **municipality code**: 4108
- **area**: 5.37
- **elevation**: 540
- **population**: 509
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.oberboezberg.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Effingen, Mönthal, Remigen, Riniken, Unterbözberg
Oberentfelden

**Oberentfelden** is a municipality of the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Oberentfelden
- **municipality name**: Oberentfelden
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Oberentfelden AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Aarau (district), Aarau
- **postal code**: 5036
- **municipality code**: 4010
- **area**: 7.16
- **elevation**: 416
- **population**: 7250
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.oberentfelden.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Gränichen, Gretzenbach (SO), Kölliken, Muhen, Schönenwerd (SO), Suhr, Unterentfelden
Oberflachs

**Oberflachs** was a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Oberflachs and Schinznach-Dorf merged into the new municipality of Schinznach.

## Other websites

- Official Website of Oberflachs

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Oberflachs
- **municipality name**: Oberflachs
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Oberflachs AG.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Oberflachs.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Brugg (district)
- **postal code**: 5108
- **area**: 3.38
- **elevation**: 401
- **population**: 475
- **populationof**: 2006
- **website**: www.oberflachs.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Auenstein, Switzerland, Auenstein, Schinznach-Dorf, Thalheim, Aargau, Thalheim, Veltheim, Aargau, Veltheim
- **twintowns**: Seitingen-Oberflacht (Germany)
Oberhof, Aargau

**Oberhof** is a municipality of the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Oberhof
- **municipality name**: Oberhof
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Oberhof COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Laufenburg (district), Laufenburg
- **postal code**: 5062
- **municipality code**: 4173
- **area**: 8.20
- **elevation**: 472
- **population**: 564
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.oberhof.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Densbüren, Erlinsbach, Aargau, Erlinsbach, Kienberg, Switzerland, Kienberg (SO), Küttigen, Wölflinswil
Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)

The Federal **Ministry of Finance** () (BMF) is a ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is based in Berlin and Bonn. It is led by the Minister of Finance, whose office is in the Detlev-Rohwedder House in Wilhelmstraße, Berlin. This was the old Reich Air Ministry Building. The ministry is supported by a scientific advisory board.

## Responsibility

The ministry works out how much the government can spend each year, and how to raise that money, in income tax and other taxes.

To help it do this, the ministry controls :
- the Federal Forestry Commission, Bundesforstverwaltung
- Federal Spirits Monopoly Administration, Bundesmonopolverwaltung für Branntwein
- Federal Portfolio Management, Bundesvermögensverwaltung, and

## Federal Ministers of Finance since 1949

|colspan="6"|Ministers of Finance|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Fritz Schäffer|1888-1967|20 September 1949|29 October 1957|CSU|
|2|Franz Etzel|1902-1970|29 October 1957|14 November 1961|CDU|
|3|Heinz Starke|1911-2001|14 November 1961|19 November 1962|FDP|
|4|Rolf Dahlgrün|1908-1969|13 December 1962|28 October 1966|FDP|
|5|Kurt Schmücker|1919-1996|8 November 1966|30 November 1966|CDU|
|6|Franz Josef Strauß|1915-1988|2 December 1966|20 October 1969|CSU|
|7|Alexander Möller|1903-1985|22 October 1969|13 May 1971|SPD|
|8|Karl Schiller|1911-1994|13 May 1971|7 July 1972|SPD|
|9|Helmut Schmidt|1918-2015|7 July 1972|15 May 1974|SPD|
|10|Hans Apel|1932-2011|16 May 1974|15 February 1978|SPD|
|11|Hans Matthöfer|1925-2009|16 February 1978|28 April 1982|SPD|
|12|Manfred Lahnstein|1937-|28 April 1982|4 October 1982|SPD|
|13|Gerhard Stoltenberg|1928-2001|4 October 1982|21 April 1989|CDU|
|14|Theodor Waigel|1939-|21 April 1989|27 October 1998|CSU|
|15|Oskar Lafontaine|1943-|27 October 1998|18 March 1999|SPD|
|16|Hans Eichel|1941-|12 April 1999|22 November 2005|SPD|
|17|Peer Steinbrück|1947-|22 November 2005|27 October 2009|SPD|
|18|Wolfgang Schäuble|1942-|28 October 2009|14 March 2018|CDU|
|19|Olaf Scholz|1958-|14 March 2018|8 December 2021|SPD|
|20|Christian Lindner|1979-|8 December 2021|7 November 2024|FDP|
|21|Jörg Kukies|1968-|7 November 2024|6 May 2025|SPD|
|22|Lars Klingbeil|1978-|6 May 2025|present|SPD|

Between 1990 and 1993, the senior civil servant () was Horst Köhler (CDU) who went on to become Federal President in, 2004.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: Federal Ministry of Finance
- **nativename**: Bundesministerium der Finanzen
- **logo**: Bundesadler Bundesorgane.svg
- **jurisdiction**: Government of Germany
- **formed**: 1880 as the "Reichsschatzamt"
- **headquarters**: Berlin
- **minister1 name**: Lars Klingbeil,
Bundesminister der Finanzen
- **website**: [http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/ bundesfinanzministerium.de]
Oberhofen, Aargau

**Oberhofen** was a municipality, in the new municipality of Mettauertal and district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Oberhofen
- **municipality name**: Oberhofen
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Oberhofen AG COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Laufenburg (district), Laufenburg
- **postal code**: 5273
- **municipality code**: 4174
- **area**: 3.12
- **elevation**: 364
- **population**: 291
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.oberhofen-ag.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Etzgen, Gansingen, Mettau, Switzerland, Mettau, Sulz, Aargau, Sulz, Wil, Aargau, Wil
Oberkulm

**Oberkulm** is a municipality in Kulm, in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Oberkulm
- **image photo**: Oberkulm-Kornspeicher.jpg
- **image caption**: The granary of Oberkulm
- **municipality name**: Oberkulm
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Oberkulm COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Oberkulm.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Kulm (district), Kulm
- **postal code**: 5727
- **municipality code**: 4140
- **area**: 9.40
- **elevation**: 476
- **population**: 2382
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.oberkulm.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Dürrenäsch, Gontenschwil, Schlossrued, Schmiedrued, Unterkulm, Zetzwil
Oberlunkhofen

**Oberlunkhofen** is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten, in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Oberlunkhofen
- **municipality name**: Oberlunkhofen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Oberlunkhofen AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Bremgarten (district), Bremgarten
- **postal code**: 8917
- **municipality code**: 4073
- **area**: 3.25
- **elevation**: 442
- **population**: 1697
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.oberlunkhofen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Arni, Aargau, Arni, Jonen, Rottenschwil, Unterlunkhofen
Obermumpf

**Obermumpf** is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website of the municipality of Obermumpf

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Obermumpf
- **municipality name**: Obermumpf
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Obermumpf AG.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Obermumpf.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Rheinfelden (district), Rheinfelden
- **postal code**: 4234
- **municipality code**: 4256
- **area**: 5.06
- **elevation**: 377
- **population**: 1052
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.obermumpf.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Hellikon, Mumpf, Münchwilen, Aargau, Münchwilen, Schupfart, Stein, Aargau, Stein, Zuzgen
Oberrohrdorf

**Oberrohrdorf** is a municipality of the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Oberrohrdorf
- **municipality name**: Oberrohrdorf
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Oberrohrdorf AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Baden (district), Baden
- **postal code**: 5452
- **municipality code**: 4037
- **area**: 4.30
- **elevation**: 493
- **population**: 3517
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.oberrohrdorf.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Fislisbach, Killwangen, Neuenhof, Aargau, Neuenhof, Niederrohrdorf, Remetschwil, Spreitenbach
Heat wave

A **heat wave** is a period of unusually warm or very hot weather, and may be accompanied by high humidity. "Heat wave" is not an exact term: Any weather that feels warmer than people expect, might be called a heat wave. For example, temperatures normal for a warmer climate might be called a "heat wave" by people living in a place that is usually cooler.  So a "heat wave" could mean a little warm weather, (like "several days as hot as summer, but in winter"), or temperatures so high they make history, (such as, "the hottest summer in a hundred years").

## Related pages

- Extreme weather
- List of heat waves

## Other websites

- FEMA: Extreme Heat
- Hot Weather Tips
- Marble Bar heatwave, 1923-1924
Ray Nagin

**Clarence Ray Nagin, Jr.** () (born June 11, 1956) was the mayor of New Orleans. He was first elected on March 2, 2002, to succeed his fellow Democrat, Marc Morial. Nagin gained international attention in 2005 in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, which devastated the New Orleans area.

In 2014, Nagin was convicted on twenty of twenty-one charges of wire fraud, bribery, and money laundering related to bribes from city contractors before and after Hurricane Katrina and was sentenced to ten years in federal prison.

## Other websites

- BBC NEWS | Americas |Profile: Ray Nagin, BBC News
- Nagin calls for rebuilding 'chocolate' New Orleans, CNN 1/17/2006
- The City of New Orleans
- Campaign contributions made by Ray Nagin
- Louisiana Emergency Operations Plan
- Mayor to feds: 'Get off your asses', CNN transcript and the audio  of WWL-AM radio interview.
- Profile on CityMayors.com
- Southeast Louisiana Evacuation Plan Supplement
- New Orleans “overrun” by Mexicans
- Profile of Ray Nagin in Tulane University Magazine
- Nagin Works Both Sides of Aisle for Aid _The Wall Street Journal,_ January 10, 2006
- The Tavis Smiley Show - interview with Ray Nagin , January 13, 2006
- Ray Nagin's Redemption, by William Robinson, _Washington Post_, May 23, 2006
- Labou Movie  - Independent Film In Which Ray Nagin stars as the Mayor of New Orleans.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ray Nagin
- **image**: Nagin2June2006.jpg
- **order**: Mayor of New Orleans, 60th Mayor of New Orleans, Louisiana
- **term start**: May 6, 2002
- **term end**: May 3, 2010
- **predecessor**: Marc Morial
- **successor**: Mitch Landrieu
- **birth place**: New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, U.S.A.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Seletha Smith Nagin
- **profession**: Cox Communications Executive
New York Mercantile Exchange

The **New York Mercantile Exchange** (NYMEX) is the world's largest physical commodity futures exchange. It is in New York City. Its two principal divisions are the New York Mercantile Exchange and the New York Commodities Exchange (COMEX) which were once independent companies but are now merged.

## Other websites

- National Futures Association
- New York Mercantile Exchange Official Website

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: New York Mercantile Exchange
- **company type**: NYSE listed public company
- **foundation**: 1882
- **location**: New York City, New York (state), New York, USA
- **homepage**: [http://www.nymex.com www.nymex.com]
Saba

**Saba** (spoken as "Sah-ba") is the smallest island of the Caribbean Netherlands and the former Netherlands Antilles. It is a special municipality (public body) of the Netherlands. It lies at . It is mostly made up of Mount Scenery (877 m), the highest point of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Scenery is a dormant volcano.

Saba has a land area of 13 km² (5 sq. miles). At the 2001 Netherlands Antilles census, 1,349 people lived there. In 2004, about 1,424 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Saba's Tourist Bureau homepage
- Saba Conservation Foundation's homepage
- Saba Ferry Dawn II
- Saba (N.A.): Bos en nationale parken. 54pp.
- Saba University School of Medicine

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Saba
- **image flag**: Flag of Saba.svg
- **image shield**: Saba wapen.svg
- **image map**: Saba in its region.svg
- **image map1**: SSS Islands Map.png
- **map caption1**: Map showing location of Saba relative to Sint Eustatius and Saint Martin (island), Saint Martin.
- **motto**: _"Remis Velisque"_ <small>(Latin)</small>
_"With oars and sails"_ <small>(English language, English)</small>
- **anthem**: _"Saba you rise from the ocean"_

- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Dutch language, Dutch
- **demographics1 info2**: English language, English
- **demographics type2**: Ethnicity
- **demographics2 title1**: Saban
- **demographics2 info1**: 26.6 %
- **demographics2 title2**: Sint Maarten
- **demographics2 info2**: 15.7 %
- **demographics2 title3**: American
- **demographics2 info3**: 10.0 %
- **demographics2 title4**: other
- **demographics2 info4**: 47.7 %
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Overseas region
- **subdivision name1**: Caribbean Netherlands
- **established title**: Incorporated into the Netherlands
- **established date**: 10 October 2010
- **government footnotes**:  
- **leader title**: List of heads of government of Saba, Lt. Governor
- **leader name**: Jonathan G. A. Johnson, Jonathan Johnson
- **seat type**: Capital

- **seat**: The Bottom
- **area total km2**: 13
- **population total**: 1,911
- **population as of**: 1 January 2022
- **population density km2**: 148
- **population demonym**: Saban
- **timezone**: Atlantic Standard Time, AST
- **utc offset**: −4
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Curaçao and the Caribbean Netherlands, Calling code
- **area code**: +599, +599-4
- **blank name sec1**: Currency
- **blank info sec1**: ($) (ISO 4217, USD)
- **blank name sec2**: Country code top-level domain, Internet TLD
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:BQ, BQ-SA, ISO 3166-2:NL, NL-BQ2
Sint Eustatius

**Sint Eustatius**, also known as **Statia**, or **Saint Eustace**, is one of the islands which make up the Caribbean Netherlands and formerly the Netherlands Antilles. It is in the northern, Leeward Islands portion of the West Indies, some distance southeast of the Virgin Islands. It forms part of the inner arc of the Leeward Island chain, lying immediately to the northwest of Saint Kitts and Nevis and to the southeast of Saba at . The regional capital is Oranjestad. It is named after the legendary Catholic Saint Eustace.

Sint Eustatius is a special municipality (public body) of the Netherlands.

Sint Eustatius has a land area of 21 km² (8.1 sq. miles). At the 2001 Netherlands Antilles census, the population was 2,292 inhabitants, which means a population density of 109 inh. per km². In 2004, the population was estimated at 2,498 inhabitants.

## Other websites

- Sint Eustatius Tourist Office's homepage
- Sint Eustatius info in Lonely Planet website
- Sint Eustatius Center for Archaeological Research

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Sint Eustatius
- **image flag**: Flag of Sint Eustatius.svg
- **image shield**: Sint Eustatius wapen.svg
- **motto**: _"Superba et confidens"_ <small>(Latin)</small>
_"Proud and confident"_ <small>(English language, English)</small>
- **anthem**: _"Golden Rock (anthem), Golden Rock"_

- **image map**: Sint Eustatius in its region.svg
- **image map1**: SSS Islands Map.png
- **map caption1**: Map showing the location of St. Eustatius relative to Saba (island), Saba and Saint Martin (island), St. Martin
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: English language, English and Dutch language, Dutch
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Overseas region
- **subdivision name1**: Caribbean Netherlands
- **established title**: Incorporated into the Netherlands
- **established date**: 10 October 2010
- **government footnotes**:  
- **leader title**: Lieutenant governor, Lt. Governor
- **leader name**: Alida Francis (Government commissioner)
- **seat type**: Capital

- **seat**: Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius, Oranjestad
- **area total km2**: 21
- **population total**: 3138
- **population as of**: 1 January 2019
- **population density km2**: 150
- **population demonym**: St. Eustatian; Statian
- **timezone**: Atlantic Standard Time, AST
- **utc offset**: −4
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Sint Eustatius, Calling code
- **area code**: +599
- **blank name sec1**: Currency
- **blank info sec1**: ($) (ISO 4217, USD)
- **blank name sec2**: Country code top-level domain, Internet TLD
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:BQ, BQ-SE, ISO 3166-2:NL, NL-BQ3
Royal Caribbean International

**Royal Caribbean International** () is a Norwegian-American cruise ship company based in Miami, Florida.

## Other websites

- Official site
- RCI ship history at Fakta om Fartyg  (only in Swedish)
- F/Y 2006 Report for Royal Caribbean from 10kwizard.com
- Independent Royal Caribbean Cruise resource

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: Royal Caribbean International
- **company logo**: Royal Caribbean logo (2024).svg
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **foundation**: 1968
- **location**: Miami, Florida, USA
- **key people**: Michael Bayley <small>(CEO)</small>
- **products**: Cruise ship, Cruises
- **homepage**: http://www.royalcaribbean.com/ or http://www.royalcaribbean.co.uk/
Inagua

**Inagua** is the southernmost district of the Bahamas.  It is the islands of Great Inagua and Little Inagua.

Great Inagua is the third largest island in the Bahamas at 596 square miles (1544 km²) and lies about 55 miles (90 km) from the eastern tip of Cuba. The island is about 55 × 19 miles (90 × 30 km) in extent, the highest point being 108 ft (33 m) on East Hill. It encloses several lakes, most notably the 12-mile long Lake Windsor (also called Lake Rosa) which occupies nearly ¼ of the interior. The population of Great Inagua is 969 (2000 census).

The island's capital and only harbour is Matthew Town.

There is a large bird sanctuary in the centre of the island.  There are more than 80,000 West Indian Flamingoes and many other exotic birds such as the native Bahama Parrot, the Bahama woodstar hummingbird, Bahama pintails, Brown pelicans, Tri-colored herons, Snowy egrets, Reddish egrets, Stripe-headed tanangers, Cormorants, Roseate spoonbills, American kestrels, and Burrowing owls.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: District of Inagua
- **image map**: Inagua in Bahamas (zoom).svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bahamas
- **subdivision type1**: List of islands of the Bahamas, Island
- **subdivision name1**: Great Inagua
- **government type**: District Council
- **leader title1**: Chief Councillor
- **leader name1**: Francoinn Cox
- **leader title2**: Deputy Chief Councillor
- **leader name2**: Colin Ingraham
- **established title**: The Bahamas Local Government Act of 1996, Established
- **established date**: 1999
- **area total km2**: 1,679
- **population as of**: 2008
- **settlement type**: District
- **population total**: ~1000
- **population density km2**: 0.59
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone (North America), EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **area code**: 242
Acklins and Crooked Islands

**Acklins and Crooked Islands** was a district of the Bahamas until 1996, and as **Acklins, Crooked Island and Long Cay** until 1999. The islands are at .

The population of Acklins was 428, and Crooked Island 350, at the 2000 census.

Since 1999, Acklins and Crooked Island are separate districts.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: Acklins
- **location**: Atlantic Ocean
- **archipelago**: Bahamas
- **area km2**: 238-389
- **area sqmi**: 92-150
- **country**: Bahamas
- **population**: 560
- **population as of**: 2010
Mayaguana

**Mayaguana** is the most easterly island and district of the Bahamas.  It is one of only two Bahamian islands which retain their Arawak names, the other being Inagua. The population of Mayaguana in the 2000 census was 259 and is currently about 312. It has an area of about 110 square miles.

## Other websites

- Islands of the Bahamas: Mayaguana
- Bahamas Getaway: Mayaguana
- Images of Mayaguana
Indie rock

**Indie rock** is a subgenre of alternative rock music which originated in the United Kingdom and North America in the early 1980s. Initially a form of independent music, it was based on small labels with low budgets which produced lo-fi rock records. Indie rock, as a genre, is very diverse; indie rock has several subgenres, and each vary greatly in style. Nevertheless, indie rock distinguishes itself from indie pop as it is generally rougher and more hard-edged.

Indie rock and alternative rock are often used interchangeably. Nevertheless, there are some differences between the genres. Initially, the term "indie" was used for British-based music, whilst "alternative" for American. In 1986, British magazine _NME_ released a cassette, _C86_, which defined much of the sound of what is today regarded as "indie" music, notably the usage of jangly guitar sounds, retro elements borrowing from 1960s rock bands, and a DIY, amateur-like sound.

According to About.com, the term indie has two different general meanings in the UK and North America. In the UK, "indie" is a term used to describe "melancholy" and "non-rock" ballad-based music; in North America, on the other hand, "indie" is often used to refer to retro-sounding, "twee" and "Anglophilic" music.

Today, indie rock has been able to find some commercial success. Popular indie rock acts and artists include R.E.M., Pavement, Regina Spektor and Superchunk, to name a few.

Additionally, indie rock has fused to create several new genres and subgenres. Indietronica, or indie electronic music, is a genre which fuses elements of indie rock, pop and electronic music, and often makes usage of synthesizers and drum machines. Alternative dance music, or indie dance, is also a genre which fuses elements of electronic dance music, alternative rock, indie rock and new wave, usually incorporating elements of the rock genres and using them in a dance-based context.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Indie rock
- **color**: black
- **bgcolor**: crimson
- **cultural origins**: Early 1980s, the United Kingdom and North America
- **popularity**: Some commercial success, especially ever since the late-2000s in the United Kingdom, Japan and North America.
- **subgenrelist**: List of alternative rock genres
Catabolism

**Catabolism** is a kind of metabolism. It happens when food is digested and the molecules break down in the body for use as energy. It is the opposite of anabolic metabolism. An example of anabolism is gluconeogenesis, which is the body building molecules (carbohydrates, muscle) up.

Large, complex molecules in the body are broken down into smaller, simple ones. An example of catabolism is glycolysis.

It is also the process of breaking the chemical bonds among the atoms of macromolecules to extract the chemical energy that is stored in them, such as releasing the energy that results from the glucose oxidation (during cellular respiration process).

## Related pages

- Metabolism
- Anabolism
Acetic acid

**Acetic acid**, or **ethanoic acid**, is a carboxylic acid. It is the main compound of vinegar, other than water. The chemical formula is CH<sub>3</sub>COOH (also written as CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H, HC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, or C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>).

It tastes and smells sour; it has no color. Its melting point is 16.5 °C (61.6 °F) and its boiling point is 118.1 °C (244.5 °F). It has a pH of 2.4.

Acetic acid is commonly used as a food additive. It has the E numbers E 260 (acetic acid).

Potassium acetate (E 261), sodium acetate (E 262), and calcium acetate (E 2639) are salts of acetic acid; they are commonly used to preserve food, usually vegetables. In sourdough, ethanol fermentation is used.
Boris Becker

**Boris Franz Becker** (born 22 November 1967) is a  German retired tennis player. He was born in Leimen, Germany. At the age of 17, he became the youngest ever winner at Wimbledon in 1985. He won the contest while being unseeded. That means that he had not achieved enough to be assigned within an order of the better players at the start of the tournament.

He became a very successful player, winning the Wimbledon title again in 1986. Becker also helped West Germany win its first Davis Cup in 1988. In 1989, he won the Wimbledon, the US Open and another Davis Cup.

In 1991, he reached the World number 1 ranking by winning the Australian Open. Becker defeated Jim Courier in straight sets to win the 1992 Association of Tennis Professionals Tour World title. His final Grand Slam title was in 1996, where he beat Michael Chang for another Australian Open title in four sets.

Becker completed at the 1992 Summer Olympics where he won a gold medal in the men's doubles event.

Throughout his career, Becker won 49 singles titles and 15 doubles titles. He is known for his rivalry with certain players, including Ivan Lendl, Stefan Edberg and Michael Stich.

After his career, he also took part in exhibition matches as Michael Stich and in 2005 they answered questions from the journalist Marc Engelhard about the state of tennis.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Boris Becker
- **image**: Boris Becker.jpg
- **caption**: Boris Becker in 1994
- **birth place**: Leimen (Baden), Leimen, Germany
GCE Advanced Level

The General Certificate of Education **Advanced Level** (commonly shortened to **A-Level**) is a set of exams taken worldwide.  They are usually taken during the end of secondary school.  In the UK, they are usually taken two years after the students have completed GCSE or IGCSE exams. Students in the UK usually take their A-level exams when they are roughly 18 years old.

Students usually need A-Levels if they want to go to university to study for a degree.

A-Levels are usually split into six parts, each with its own exam.

Most people study three A-Levels, and one AS-Level (Advanced Subsidary Level). An AS-Level is the first half of an A-Level.  An AS-Level can be studied on its own, but to get an A-Level the second half must also be completed.  The second half of an A-Level is an A2-Level. A student might opt to appear for their AS-Level and A2-Level together in one go.
Chinese New Year

**Chinese New Year**, known in China as the **SpringFestival** and in Singapore as the **LunarNewYear**, is a holiday on and around the new moon on the first day of the year in the traditional Chinese calendar. This calendar is based on the changes in the moon and is only sometimes changed to fit the seasons of the year based on how the Earth moves around the sun. Because of this, Chinese New Year is never on January1. It moves around between January21 and February20.

The Chinese New Year is one of the most important holidays for Chinese people all over the world. Its 7th day used to be used instead of birthdays to count people's ages in China. The holiday is still used to tell people which "animal" of the Chinese zodiac they are part of. The holiday is a time for gifts to children and for family gatherings with large meals, just like Christmas in Europe and in other Christian areas. Unlike Christmas, the children usually get gifts of cash in red envelopes (_hongbao_) and not toys, clothes and electronics.

## Infobox (intangible heritage)

- **name**: Spring Festival—

Social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of traditional new year
- **image**: Chinese New Year Celebrations, Princess Street - geograph.org.uk - 3834827.jpg
- **caption**: Chinese New Year Celebrations
- **country**: China
- **id**: 2126
- **region**: APA
- **year**: 2024
- **session**: 19
Suite (music)

In music, a **suite** (pronounce "sweet") is a collection of short musical pieces which can be played one after another. The pieces are usually dance movements. The French word “suite” means “a sequence” of things, i.e. one thing following another.

In the 17th century many composers such as Bach and Handel wrote suites. They were collections of dances: usually an allemande, a courante, a sarabande, and a gigue. Sometimes other dances were included as well, e.g. a minuet, gavotte, passepied or bourree. Sometimes the first movement was not a dance movement but an introduction. It may have been called a prelude or even an overture. Some of Bach’s suites were called _Partitas_. The French composer François Couperin called his suites _Ordres_.

Bach wrote suites for orchestra which he called "overtures". Handel wrote two very famous collections of dance movements for orchestra: _Water Music_ and _Music for the Royal Fireworks_. These are also suites although they are not given that title. He also wrote 22 suites for keyboard, and Bach wrote "French Suites", "English Suites" and "Partitas" for keyboard as well as partitas for unaccompanied violin and suites for unaccompanied cello.

Earlier composers, e.g. Renaissance composers, had also written suites, but the word “suite” was not used until around the middle of the 17th century.
By the 1750s composers had stopped writing suites as the symphony and concerto had become popularized.

In the late 19th century, the word "suite" started to be used again. Composers who had written operas or ballets with lots of popular dance movements often made an arrangement of these movements for orchestra so that it could be played at concerts. Tchaikovsky wrote the "Nutcracker Suite" which includes the most popular dances from his ballet "The Nutcracker". Some composers used the word "suite" for pieces with movements which had a common theme: Gustav Holst called "The Planets" a suite, as each movement is about one of the planets. French composers of the Impressionist period such as Ravel and Debussy wrote suites for piano.
Suite

**Suite** might mean:

- Suite (music), a collection of musical pieces, usually dances, which are played one after the other.
- In furniture a suite is a collection of sofas and chairs.  A “three piece suite” is usually a sofa and two arm chairs.
- Suite (hotel), a type of hotel room
- an “en suite” bathroom is a bathroom joined on to a bedroom, i.e. it is just for the use of the people who are using that bedroom.
- Suite (address), a kind of address or location in an office building, shopping mall, etc.
- Suite, a term in petrology, a collection of rock specimens from one particular area
- Software suite, a collection of software of related functionality
- A retinue or suite of retainers in service of a dignitary
Michael Chang

**Michael Te-pei Chang** (; born February 22, 1972) is an American retired tennis player. He was the youngest-ever male winner of a Grand Slam singles title, when he won the French Open in 1989 at the age of 17.

Chang was often in the Top 10 in the Association of Tennis Professionals world rankings for several years in the 1990s. His highest ranking (that is, the order in which it is shown how good he is in the sport at a certain time) was World No. 2.

When he won the French Open in 1989, Chang had a well known semi-final match with Ivan Lendl.  Before the match, many people thought the unseeded Chang would lose to the No. 1 ranked Lendl.  At first Chang was losing, but he won the important third set.  Starting then, Chang began to have leg cramps, but won the match through determination.  Today, many people remember this game as one of his best matches when the name Michael Chang is mentioned.

Chang was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, United States. His parents are Taiwanese. Chang is a Christian. With his family he started the Chang Family Foundation in 1999 "to introduce the Good News of Jesus Christ to the world".
Catalão

**Catalão** is a Brazilian city in the state of Goiás. It has 75.623 inhabitants. It covers . It was founded in 1833 and is today an important industrial center of state of Goiás.