juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Eureka, Missouri

**Eureka** is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri. It has a population of 11,646.

## Other websites

- City of Eureka official website
- Eureka Fire Protection District
- Eureka Chamber of Commerce

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Eureka, Missouri
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: File:Stlouisflags.jpg
- **image caption**: Six Flags St. Louis
- **image map**: St._Louis_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Eureka_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Eureka, Missouri
- **map caption1**: Interactive map outlining Eureka
- **subdivision type**: City
- **subdivision name**: Eureka
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Missouri
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Missouri, County
- **subdivision name2**: St. Louis County, Missouri, St. Louis
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title**: 1858
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 29.06
- **area land km2**: 28.62
- **area water km2**: 0.44
- **area total sq mi**: 11.22
- **area land sq mi**: 11.05
- **area water sq mi**: 0.17
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 11646
- **population density km2**: 406.85
- **population density sq mi**: 1053.75
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation ft**: 476
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 63025
- **area code**: Area code 636, 636
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 29-22834
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2394707
- **website**: [http://www.eureka.mo.us/ City of Eureka official website]
St. Louis County, Missouri

**St. Louis County** is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Clayton. In 2020, 1,004,125 people lived there.
Julián Pastor

**Julián Pastor Llaneza** (18 October 1943 – 24 August 2015) was a Mexican movie director, actor, screenwriter, editor, and photographer. He was known for directing the movie _No One Writes to the Colonel_. Pastor was born in Mexico City.

Pastor died in Mexico City at the age of 71.
Gurgen Dalibaltayan

**Gurgen Dalibaltayan** (; 5 June 1926 – 1 September 2015) was an Armenian military commander. He was the Chief of General Staff of Armenian Armed Forces during the Battle of Shusha on 8–9 May 1992. The battle took place during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.

Dalibaltayan was born in Bogdanovka, Javakheti, Georgian SSR (present-day Ninotsminda, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia). He was married to Shushanik Dalibaltayan (née Khachatryan). They have two children, a daughter Varduhi (b. 1952) and a son Varazdat (b. 1954).

Dalibaltayan died on 1 September 2015 in Yerevan, aged 89.
Alan Menken

**Alan Irwin Menken** (born July 22, 1949) is an American composer, conductor, songwriter, singer, music director and music producer. Menken is best known for his scores and songs for movies produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios.

His scores and songs for _The Little Mermaid_ (1989), _Beauty and the Beast_ (1991), _Aladdin_ (1992), and _Pocahontas_ (1995) have each won him two Academy Awards.

He also composed the scores and songs for _Little Shop of Horrors_ (1986), _Newsies_ (1992), _The Hunchback of Notre Dame_ (1996), _Hercules_ (1997), _Home on the Range_ (2004), _Enchanted_ (2007) and _Tangled_ (2010).

## Other websites

- Internet Broadway database Listing
- Internet Off-Broadway database Listing
- MusicalTalk interview with Alan Menken
- The Whole New World of Alan Menken
- Alan Menken: "Beauty and the Beast captures the magic of Disney animations and brings it to the stage"  Alan Menken in Barcelona's Beauty and the Beast

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Alan Menken
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **image**: Alan Menken 2013 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Menken in 2013
- **birth name**: Alan Irwin Menken
- **birth place**: Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
- **years active**: 1972–present
- **website**: [http://alanmenken-live.herokuapp.com/ Official website]
Playtime Is Over (mixtape)

***Playtime Is Over*** is the debut mixtape by Trinidan-American rapper Nicki Minaj. It was released on July 5, 2007 by Young Money Entertainment and Dirty Money Entertainment. The mixtape includes guest appearances from Hell Red, Red Café, Murda Mook, Ransom, Gravy, Lil Wayne, Angel De-mar, and Ru Spits. Before releasing the mixtape, Minaj released five songs with rap group the Hoodstars. She left the group to start up a solo career. She used to upload songs on her Myspace page. With that she met Fendi, CEO for Brooklyn label Dirty Money Entertainment. Through that she met Lil Wayne who saw her appearance on the DVD _The Come Up_.

## Track listing

|No.|Title|Original Instrumental|Length|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|"1-900-Ms-Minaj" <small>(featuring Hell Rell, Red Café, Murda Mook, Ransom and Gravy)</small>||4:48|
|2|"Dreams '07"|"Just Playing (Dreams)" by The Notorious B.I.G|2:39|
|3|"Wuchoo Know"|"Lip Gloss" by Lil Mama|2:18|
|4|"Interlude" <small>(Lil Wayne only)</small>|"Upgrade U" by Beyoncé and Jay-Z|1:50|
|5|"Can't Stop Won't Stop" <small>(featuring Lil Wayne)</small>|"Can't Stop, Won't Stop" by Young Gunz|2:26|
|6|"Playtime Is Over"|"We Takin' Over" by DJ Khaled, Akon, T.I., Rick Ross, Fat Joe, Birdman and Lil Wayne|1:46|
|7|"Jump Off '07"|"Jump Off" by Lil' Kim and Mr. Cheecks|2:24|
|8|"Click Clack"|"Click Clack" by Slim Thug and Pusha T.|4:02|
|9|"40 Bars"|"Banned from T.V." by Noreaga, Nature, Cam'ron and The Lox.|2:09|
|10|"Dilly Dally"|"Kingdom Come" by Jay-Z|3:03|
|11|"Warning"|"Warning" by The Notorious B.I.G.|2:52|
|12|"N.I.G.G.A.S." <small>(featuring Angel De-mar)</small>||3:48|
|13|"Sunshine" <small>(featuring Gravy)</small>|"Sunshine" by Jay-Z featuring Foxy Brown|2:39|
|14|"Letcha Go"|"Can't Let You Go" by Fabolous, Lil Mo and Mike Shorey|2:37|
|15|"Sticks In My Bun"||2:46|
|16|"I'm Cumin"|"Mo Money Mo Problems" by The Notorious B.I.G., Diddy and Mase|2:03|
|17|"Freestyle"|"Yeah Yeah Yeah" by Terror Squad|1:01|
|18|"Hood Story"||1:59|
|19|"Ease Up" <small>(featuring Ru Spits)</small>||3:39|
|20|"Encore '07"|"Numb/Encore" by Jay-Z and Linkin Park|4:10|

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Playtime Is Over
- **type**: Mixtape
- **artist**: Nicki Minaj
- **released**: July 5, 2007
- **recorded**: 2006–2007
- **length**: 44:10
- **producer**: Hosted by Big Mike (rapper), Big Mike
- **next title**: Sucka Free
- **next year**: 2008
Sucka Free

***Sucka Free*** is the second mixtape by Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj. The album was released on April 12, 2008 through Young Money Entertainment and Dirty Money Records. _Sucka Free_ features guest appearances from fellow rappers Lil Wayne, Gucci Mane, Jadakiss, Lil' Kim; a person who Minaj would argue with later on in her career and Ransom.

## The making of _Sucka Free_

Just after Minaj's previous mixtape, _Playtime Is Over_, was released in 2007, Minaj released _Sucka Free_ with label mate Lil Wayne after he saw her on the Queens-made DVD series called _The Come Up_. Lil' Wayne helped Minaj with making the mixtape.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Sucka Free
- **type**: Mixtape
- **artist**: Nicki Minaj
- **released**: April 12, 2008
- **recorded**: 2007–2008
- **length**: 56:25
- **producer**: Hosted by Lil Wayne
- **prev title**: Playtime is Over (mixtape), Playtime is Over
- **prev year**: 2007
- **next title**: Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape), Beam Me Up Scotty
- **next year**: 2008
Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)

***Beam Me Up Scotty*** is the third mixtape by Trinidadian-American rapper artist Nicki Minaj; it was released on April 18, 2009 by Trapaholics Records. It features guest verses from rappers Bobby V, Brinx, Busta Rhymes, Drake, Gucci Mane, Gudda Gudda, Jae Millz, Lil Wayne, Red Café, Ricky Blaze, Rocko, Ron Browz, and Shanell.

## Track listing

- Sample credits
- "Itty Bitty Piggy" contains a sample of "Donk" performed by Soulja Boy Tellem.
- "Mind on My Money" contains a sample of "Live Your Life" performed by T.I.
- "Go Hard" contains a sample of "Go Hard" performed by DJ Khaled.
- "Get Silly" contains a sample of "Get Silly" performed by V.I.C.
- "Still I Rise" contains a sample of "No Matter What" performed by T.I.
- "Beam Me Up Scotty" contains a sample of "Kill the Bitch" performed by Sasha.

## Release history

|Country|Date|Format|Label|Ref.|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Worldwide|April 18, 2009|Digital download|||
|United Kingdom|September 6, 2010|CD|Trapaholics||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Beam Me Up Scotty
- **type**: mixtape
- **artist**: Nicki Minaj
- **label**: Trapaholics
- **producer**: DJ Holiday and The Trapaholics
- **prev title**: Sucka Free
- **prev year**: 2008
- **next title**: Pink Friday
- **next year**: 2010
M. M. Kalburgi

**Malleshappa Madivalappa Kalburgi** (; 28 November 1938 – 30 August 2015) was an Indian scholar of Vachana sahitya (Vachana literature) and academic. He was the vice-chancellor of Kannada University in Hampi. A noted epigraphist of Kannada, he was awarded the National Sahitya Akademi award in 2006 for _Marga 4_, a collection of his research articles.

Kalburgi was shot dead in the morning of 30 August 2015 at his residence in Dharwad district of Karnataka by two unidentified men.
Harry Hughes

**Harry Roe Hughes** (November 13, 1926 – March 13, 2019) was an American politician. He was a member of the  Democratic Party. Hughes was the 57th Governor of Maryland from 1979 to 1987.

Hughes died at his home in Denton, Maryland from pneumonia-related problems on March 13, 2019 at the age of 92.

## Infobox (politician)

- **image**: Maryland Governor Harry Hughes speaking at Fort Belvoir, Feb 16, 1985.jpg
- **caption**: Governor Hughes speaking at Fort Belvoir, February 1988
- **birth name**: Harry Roe Hughes
- **birth place**: Easton, Maryland, U.S.
- **death place**: Denton, Maryland, U.S.
- **order**: 57th
- **office**: Governor of Maryland
- **lieutenant**: Samuel Bogley
J. Joseph Curran, Jr.
- **term start**: January 17, 1979
- **term end**: January 21, 1987
- **predecessor**: Marvin Mandel
- **successor**: William Donald Schaefer
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat
- **spouse**: Patricia Donoho Hughes, Patricia Donoho
- **children**: Ann and Elizabeth
- **alma mater**: George Washington University
In My Mind (Pharrell Williams album)

***In My Mind*** is the first studio album by American recording artist Pharrell Williams. It was released on July 25, 2006. The album features the hit single "Can I Have It Like That" which features singer Gwen Stefani. The album is mainly a hip hop album with a bit of R&B.

## Reviews

The album received generally mixed reviews from music critics.

## Track listing

All songs produced by Pharrell Williams.

## Grammy Nomination

The album was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 2007 Grammy Awards. It lost to _Release Therapy_ by Ludacris.

## Notes

- A song titled "Mamacita", which featured reggaeton artist Daddy Yankee was leaked in early 2006. It was supposed to be the third single from the album, but it did not appear on the final track listing, nor was there a video for the song. However it is featured in the movie _The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift_.
- Not on the official album, "Big White Spaceship" (featuring Timbaland & Magoo) is actually an early project with Timbaland & Magoo called Surrounded by Idiots. Pharrell recalls in an interview: "In seventh grade I met Chad. That's twenty years ago by now. Like I said earlier, we started producing beats together. But then again, I also played with this famous group which consisted of Timbaland, Magoo, myself and some other guy. Chad wasn't a part of the group, so I was in The Neptunes and in Surrounded by Idiots at the same time." A few tracks produced by the group float around on the Internet, this being the most distributed.
- The song "Skateboard P Presents: Show You How to Hustle" is featured in the game _Need for Speed: Carbon_.
- Other songs presumed to be B-sides or possibly just unreleased Pharrell compositions include "Creamsickle" and "I Need Love".
- The album cover is a reference to the art style of BAPE, a Japanese street clothing company that is popular in the urban scene. Williams and founder Nigo launched the first American store in New York together.
- The initial pressing offered buyers a choice of three covers: each cover had Pharrell pictured with either a blue Ice Cream sweater, red and white Polo Shirt, or white Billionaire Boys Club T-shirt as shown in the album cover.
- A remixed version of the album, titled "Out of My Mind", was produced. It was never officially released. This remixed version of the album featured interpolated instrumentals by drummer Questlove and James Poyser of the hip hop band the Roots.

### Charts

|Chart (2006)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Japanese Albums (Japanese Albums Chart)|style="text-align:center;"|8|

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: In My Mind
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Pharrell Williams
- **border**: yes
- **recorded**: 2003–2006
- **length**: 64:20
- **producer**: Pharrell Williams
- **next title**: Girl (album), Girl
- **next year**: 2014
Sustainable Development Goals

The **Sustainable Development Goals** (**SDGs**) are created by the United Nations and promoted as the Global Goals for Sustainable Development. They replaced the Millennium Development Goals that expired at the end of 2015. The SDGs run from 2015 to 2030. There are 17 goals and 169 specific targets for those goals.

## Goals

In August of 2015, 193 countries agreed to the following 17 goals:

1. No poverty
1. Zero hunger
1. Good health and wellbeing
1. Quality education
1. Gender equality
1. Clean water and sanitation
1. Affordable and clean energy
1. Decent work and economic growth
1. Industry, innovation and infrastructure
1. Reduce inequality
1. Sustainable cities and communities
1. Responsible consumption and production
1. Climate action
1. Life below water
1. Life on land
1. Peace and justice.  Strong institutions
1. Partnerships for the goals
Antonio Nirta

**Antonio Nirta** (22 April 1919 – 1 September 2015) was an Italian criminal. He was the boss of the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type organization in Calabria. He was born in San Luca, and, together with his brothers Giuseppe, Francesco and Sebastiano, ruled the comune.

Nirta died on 1 September 2015 in Benestare, Province of Reggio Calabria. He was 96.
Aleksandar Stipčević

**Aleksandar Stipčević** (10 October 1930 – 1 September 2015) was a Croatian archeologist, bibliographer, librarian and historian. He was best known for studying the Illyrians. He wrote several works on the Illyrians. He was a full professor at the University of Zagreb from 1987 until his retirement in 1997.

Stipčević was born in the village of Arbanasi near Zadar (then Zara, Kingdom of Italy). He was of Albanian ancestry.

Stipčević died on 1 September 2015 in Zagreb, aged 84.

## Works

- _Gli Iliri_ ("Illyrians"; 1966)
- _Arte degli Illiri_ ("The Illyrian Art"; 1963)
- _Iliri: povijest, život, kultura_ (1974)
- _Bibliografija antičke arheologije u Jugoslaviji_ (I–II, 1977)
- _Kultni simboli kod Ilira_ ("The Illyrian Cult Symbols"; 1981)
- _Povijest knjige_ ("The History of Books"; 1985, extended edition in 2006)
- _Cenzura u knjižnicama_ ("Censorship and Libraries"; 1992)
- _O savršenom cenzoru_ (1994)
- _Sudbina knjige_ (2000)
- _Socijalna povijest knjige u Hrvata_ (I–III, 2004–08)
- _Tradicijska kultura zadarskih Arbanasa _(2011)
Some of them are translated to other languages.

He was the editor-in-chief of the second volume of the _Croatian Biographical Lexicon_ (1983–1989).
Willy Stähle

**Willy Juana Stähle** (16 June 1954 – 27 August 2015) was a Dutch world water skiing champion. She won a gold for women's figure skiing and a silver medal for women's slalom at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany. She was the Dutch Sportswoman of the Year in 1971.

Stähle was born in Amsterdam. Her death was announced on 1 September 2015.
Japandroids

**Japandroids** are a Canadian rock band from Vancouver, British Columbia.

## Career

The band was formed in 2006 by Brian King and David Prowse. King and Prowse met each other in 2000 while they were attending the University of Victoria in Victoria. They started going to live shows together regularly in Victoria and Vancouver after they found out that they had a mutual interest in music. In 2003, Prowse moved to Vancouver and transferred to Simon Fraser University. After King graduated in 2005, he moved to Vancouver to form the band with Prowse. The band was influenced by The Sonics and they started writing music in 2006. The band got their name from a combination of two other band name ideas: Japanese Scream and Pleasure Droids.

The band self-released two EPs: _All Lies_ in 2007 and _Lullaby Death Jams_ in 2008. The EPs were only limited to 500 copies each but were re-released as a compilation titled _No Singles_ in 2010.

Their first studio album titled _Post-Nothing_ was released on April 28, 2009 through Unfamiliar Records and re-released on August 4, 2009 on Polyvinyl Record Co. In March 2009, the website Pitchfork Media named the song "Young Hearts Spark Fire" as a 'Best New Track'. This helped the band gain more recognition outside of Canada.

The band's second studio album _Celebration Rock_ was released on June 5, 2012. The album's first single "The House That Heaven Built" was released on May 15, 2012.

The album received positive reviews. Ian Cohen of Pitchfork said, "Japandroids have gone from having almost none at all [lyrics] to packing their songs with an astonishing command of legend and literalism that all but dares you to feel _something_." Spin named Japandroids 2012's _Band of the Year_ and rated the album a 9 out of 10. Rolling Stone rated it a 4 out of 5 and listed the album as #10 on their _The 10 Coolest Summer Albums of All Time_ list.

### Studio albums

- _Post-Nothing_ (2009)
- _Celebration Rock_ (2012)

### Compilation albums

- _No Singles_ (2010)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Japandroids
- **img**: Japandroids.jpg
- **img capt**: Japandroids performing at the Hillside Festival in 2010
- **img size**: 230px
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- **genre**: Alternative rock, indie rock, punk rock, noise rock, garage rock, post-punk
- **years active**: 2006–present
- **label**: Polyvinyl Record Co.
- **current members**: Brian King
David Prowse
Opus isodomum

**Opus isodomum** is an ancient technique of wall building. It uses perfectly cut, completely regular square stone blocks of equal height, and sometimes of the same length.

In classical antiquity this technique was perfected and widely used, especially for public buildings (temples, theaters, amphitheaters etc.). One of the most well-known examples is the Parthenon.

Vitruvius briefly described this technique in his De Architectura, 2nd book, 8th chapter as following: _A wall is called “isodomum“ when all the courses are of equal height_.

Vitruvius further states that the stone blocks of opus isodomum are bound together by mortar, but more often they are not connected with mortar but with metal ties such as iron cramps, fixed in stone blocks with molten lead.

Completely regular isodomum is relatively rare, especially in the provinces. More frequent is isodomum made of stone blocks of the same height but not of the same length. In order to strengthen this type of wall, builders always take good care that the ends of stone blocks in alternating courses of the wall do not match.

**Opus pseudoisodomum** is a version of opus isodomum mentioned by Vitruvius, describing that it is a kind of stonemasonery in which "the rows of courses do not match but run unequally", referring to the height and length of the blocks, which are nevertheless still perfectly cut.

Vitruvius considered both types of wall construction as Greek, emphasizing that "both kinds are strong".

## Bibliography

- Vitruvius 1990 - Marcus Vitruvius Pollio: Deset knjiga o arhitekturi, translated by Matija Lopac, Sarajevo, 1990, p. 41-46
- Müller / Vogel 1999 - Werner Müller; Gunther Vogel: Atlas arhitekture 1, translated by Milan Pelc, Zagreb, 1999., p. 3, 31, 60, 61
- Suić 1976 - Mate Suić: Antički grad na istočnom Jadranu, Zagreb, 1976, p. 108, 110
Vasto

**Vasto** (; Latin: **Histonium**, **Istonium**, and **Histonios**; formerly also, **Guastaymonis**, **Il Vasto**, and **Il Vasto d'Ammone**) is a town and _comune_. It is on the Adriatic coast of the Province of Chieti in southern Abruzzo, Italy. The population is now just over 40,000.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Vasto
- **official name**: Città di Vasto
- **image skyline**: Vasto 2009 019 (RaBoe).jpg
- **image caption**: Vasto
- **image shield**: Vasto-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Abruzzo
- **province**: province of Chieti, Chieti (CH)
- **mayor**: Luciano Antonio Lapenna
- **area total km2**: 70.65
- **population total**: 40,381
- **population as of**: 30 November 2010
- **population demonym**: Vastesi
- **elevation m**: 138
- **saint**: Saint Michael
- **day**: September 29
- **postal code**: 66054
- **area code**: 0873
VH1 Storytellers (Kanye West album)

***VH1 Storytellers*** is the second live album by American hip hop artist Kanye West. It was released on January 5, 2010 by Roc-A-Fella Records. The album was recorded live in February 2009.

## Track listing

1. "See You in My Nightmares" – 3:13
1. "RoboCop" – 6:17
1. "Flashing Lights" – 6:41
1. "Amazing" – 8:24
1. "Touch the Sky" – 9:53
1. "Say You Will" – 7:42
1. "Good Life" – 6:30
1. "Heartless/Pinocchio Story" – 11:01
1. "Stronger" – 4:53

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: VH1 Storytellers
- **type**: live
- **artist**: Kanye West
- **recorded**: February 2009
- **length**: 64:37
- **producer**: Kanye West
- **prev title**: 808s & Heartbreak
(2008)
- **next title**: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
- **next year**: 2010
The Alesha Show

***The Alesha Show*** is the second studio album from British recording artist Alesha Dixon, the album is her first album to be released in the United Kingdom. It was released on 24 November 2008 in the UK by Asylum Records. The album was billed in Dixon's full name of **Alesha Dixon**. The album is mainly a R&B album with soul and funk styles.

A deluxe edition of the album was released on 23 November 2009, entitled ***The Alesha Show – Encore***. The first single from the _Encore_ edition was "To Love Again". All the singles released from the album, including the _Encore_ edition, reached the top 15 on the UK Singles Chart.

## Reviews

_The Alesha Show_ received mainly good reviews from music critics.

## Track listing

- Notes
"Don't Ever Let Me Go" samples "Paper Aeroplane" by Angus and Julia Stone.

## Release history

|Region|Date|Label|
| --- | --- | --- |
|UK|24 November 2008|Asylum|
|style="text-align:center;"|Ireland||
|Japan|21 January 2009|Victor|
|Europe|20 February 2009|Warner Music|
|Poland|23 March 2009||
|Brazil|23 April 2009||
|Spain|12 May 2009||
|Germany|29 May 2009||
|style="text-align:center;"|Austria||
|style="text-align:center;"|Switzerland||
|Australia|4 September 2009||
|style="text-align:center;"|United Kingdom <small>(_Encore_ edition)</small>|| style="text-align:center;"|23 November 2009||Asylum||

## Charts

|Chart (2009)|Peak position|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Belgian Albums Chart (Wallonia)|style="text-align:center;"|60||
|align="left"|Dutch Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|80|
|align="left"|Finnish Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|23|
|align="left"|French Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|39|
|align="left"|Irish Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|64|
|align="left"|Spanish Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|23|
|align="left"|Swiss Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|69|
|align="left"|UK Albums Chart|style="text-align:center;"|11|

- Year End Charts
|Chart|Position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|UK Albums Chart Year-End Chart (2008)|style="text-align:center;"|181|
|UK Albums Chart Year-End Chart (2009)|style="text-align:center;"|59|

### Certifications

|style="text-align:center;"|Country|style="text-align:center;"|Certifier|style="text-align:center;"|Certification|style="text-align:center;"|Sales|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center;"|United Kingdom|style="text-align:center;"|BPI|style="text-align:center;"|Platinum|style="text-align:center;"|300,000+|

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Alesha Show
- **type**: Studio
- **artist**: Alesha Dixon
- **border**: yes
- **released**: 24 November 2008
- **recorded**: 2007–2008 (Standard), 2009 (Encore Edition)
- **genre**: *Funk
*Soul music, soul
*Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **prev title**: Fired Up (Alesha Dixon album), Fired Up
(2006)
- **next title**: The Entertainer (Alesha Dixon album), The Entertainer
 (2010)
Victor Navasky

**Victor Saul Navasky** (born July 5, 1932) is an American journalist, editor, publisher, and author. He is a professor at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. He was editor of _The Nation_ from 1978 until 1995, and its publisher and editorial director 1995 to 2005.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Victor Navasky
- **birthname**: Victor Saul Navasky
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **education**: Little Red School House Swarthmore College (1954),
Yale Law School (1959)
- **occupation**: Journalist, publisher
- **status**: married
- **spouse**: Anne (Strongin) Navasky
- **children**: three children
- **credits**: _The Nation_
Cinderella Man

***Cinderella Man*** is a 2005 American biographical drama movie. It was directed by Ron Howard and produced by Brian Grazer, Ron Howard and Penny Marshall. _Cinderella Man_ was released in the United States on June 3, 2005.

The movie got positive reviews from critics. It has a 80% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Due to a low opening, AMC Theatres advertised on June 24, 2005 that it would offer a refund to any ticket-buyer dissatisfied with the film to try and help boost ticket sales.

## Cast

- Russell Crowe as James J. Braddock
- Renée Zellweger as Mae Braddock
- Paul Giamatti as Joe Gould
- Bruce McGill as James Johnston
- Craig Bierko as Max Baer
- Paddy Considine as Mike Wilson
- David Huband as Ford Bond
- Connor Price as Jay Braddock
- Ariel Waller as Rosemarie "Rosy" Braddock
- Patrick Louis as Howard Braddock
- Rosemarie DeWitt as Sara Wilson
- Linda Kash as Mrs. Gould
- Nicholas Campbell as Sporty Lewis
- Gene Pyrz as Jake
- Chuck Shamata as Father Roddick
- Ron Canada as Joe Jeanette
- Alicia Johnston as Alice
- Troy Amos-Ross as John Henry Lewis
- Mark Simmons as Art Lasky
- Art Binkowski as Corn Griffin
- David Litzinger as Abe Feldman
- Matthew G. Taylor as Primo Carnera
- Rance Howard as Announcer Al Fazin
- Robert Norman Smith as reporter

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Cinderella Man
- **director**: Ron Howard
- **producer**: Brian Grazer
Ron Howard
Penny Marshall
- **writer**: Cliff Hollingsworth
Akiva Goldsman
- **story**: Cliff Hollingsworth
- **starring**: Russell Crowe
Renée Zellweger
Paul Giamatti
Craig Bierko
Paddy Considine
Bruce McGill
Ron Canada
- **music**: Thomas Newman
- **cinematography**: Salvatore Totino
- **editing**: Mike Hill (film editor), Mike Hill
Daniel P. Hanley, Dan Hanley
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
(North America)
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Buena Vista International
(International)
- **studio**: Imagine Entertainment
Miramax Films
Penny Marshall, Parkway Productions
Touchstone Pictures
- **released**: June 3, 2005
- **runtime**: 144 minutes
- **country**: United States
Canada
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $88 million
- **gross**: $108.5 million
Michael Wenning

**Michael Harold Wenning** (July 5, 1935 – June 28, 2011) was an South African-born American Presbyterian minister. From 1969 to 1977, he was pastor of a Presbyterian church in Durban, South Africa. He was known for performing President Reagan's state funeral.

## Early life

Wenning was born in Cape Town, South Africa. He studied at Texas Christian University and at New York University.

## Career

From 1969 to 1977, he was pastor of a Presbyterian church in Durban, South Africa. In 1977 he returned to the United States where he worked for the next three decades as a pastor in various Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) congregations, including one in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Death

Wenning died at his home in Mission Viejo, California from kidney failure caused by leukemia, aged 75.
Boomer Castleman

**Owens Boomer Castleman** (July 18, 1945 – September 1, 2015), better known by his stage name **Boomer Castleman**, was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. He and Michael Martin Murphey teamed up to make the pop music group The Lewis & Clarke Expedition in the 1960s. His single "Judy Mae" peaked at #33 in the US charts. He also founded the independent country music record label BNA Records which he later sold to BMG Music. He invented the palm pedal.

Castleman was born in Los Angeles, California. He grew up in Farmers Branch and Dallas, Texas. He had two daughters.

Castleman died from cancer on September 1, 2015 in Nashville, Tennessee. He was 70.
Ken Cuccinelli

**Kenneth Thomas "Ken" Cuccinelli II** ( ; born July 30, 1968) is an American politician.

In June 2019, President Donald Trump appointed him to be acting Director of the Citizenship and Immigration Services office. He is a former Attorney General of Virginia. In November 2019, he became United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security.

He was the Republican candidate for Governor of Virginia in the 2013 Virginia gubernatorial election.

He was elected as Virginia's 46th Attorney General in the November 2009 general election. From 2002 until January 16, 2010 he was a Republican member of the Senate of Virginia, representing the 37th district in Fairfax County. He holds degrees in engineering, law and commercial policy, and co-founded a law firm.

## Other websites

- Attorney General Cuccinelli  official government site
- Ken Cuccinelli for Governor
- Ken Cuccinelli at the Virginia Public Access Project
- Senator Ken Cuccinelli (R-Fairfax)  at Richmond Sunlight

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ken Cuccinelli
- **image**: Ken Cuccinelli official photo.jpg
- **office**: Senior Official Performing the Duties of the United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security
- **status**: _De facto_, 2019–2020 Department of Homeland Security appointment disputes, disputed
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **term start**: November 13, 2019
- **term end**: January 20, 2021
- **predecessor**: David Pekoske
- **successor**: David Pekoske (acting)
- **office1**: Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Director of United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
- **status1**: _De facto_, 2019–2020 Department of Homeland Security appointment disputes, disputed
- **president1**: Donald Trump
- **term start1**: June 10, 2019
- **term end1**: January 20, 2021
<small>As Acting Director: June 10, 2019 – December 31, 2019</small>
- **predecessor1**: Lee Cissna
- **successor1**: Tracy Renaud (acting)
- **office2**: Principal Deputy Director of United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
- **president2**: Donald Trump
- **term start2**: June 10, 2019
- **term end2**: January 20, 2021
- **predecessor2**: _Office established_
- **successor2**: _Office abolished_
- **office3**: 46th Attorney General of Virginia
- **governor3**: Bob McDonnell
- **term start3**: January 16, 2010
- **term end3**: January 11, 2014
- **predecessor3**: Bill Mims
- **successor3**: Mark Herring
- **state senate4**: Virginia
- **district4**: Virginia's 37th Senate district, 37th
- **term start4**: August 19, 2002
- **term end4**: January 12, 2010
- **predecessor4**: Warren E. Barry
- **successor4**: David W. Marsden
- **birth name**: Kenneth Thomas Cuccinelli II
- **birth place**: Edison, New Jersey, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Teiro Davis
- **children**: 7
- **education**: University of Virginia (Bachelor of Science, BS)
George Mason University (Master of Arts, MA, Juris Doctor, JD)
- **signature**: Ken Cuccinelli Signature.jpg
George Ariyoshi

**George Ryoichi Ariyoshi**  (有吉良一; born March 12, 1926) is an American politician. He served as the third Governor of Hawaii from 1974 to 1986. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He became governor when John A. Burns was stepped down.

## Early life

Ariyoshi was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. His parents were Japanese immigrants. He studied at the University of Michigan. He served in the United States Army during World War II.

## Governor of Hawaii (1974-1986)

When he was elected, Ariyoshi became the first American of Asian descent to be elected governor of a state of the United States.

Ariyoshi's administration was marked by fiscal conservatism as the post-statehood economic boom came to an end. He guided the state through its first economic recession. He has gathered some criticism for having only people with Japanese surnames on his staff, many were relatives.

He also holds the record as the longest-serving state governor in Hawaii, a record likely to remain unbroken because of term limits enacted after his tenure. Ariyoshi is now considered an elder statesman of the Democratic Party of Hawaii.

## Personal life

Ariyoshi married Jean Miya Hayashi in 1955. They have a daughter, Lynn, born in 1957; and two sons, Ryozo, born in 1959, and Donn, 1961.

## Other websites

- Honolulu Star Bulletin Article about Ariyoshi's Wife and her book, _Washington Place: A First Lady's Story_
- Honolulu Star Bulletin Editorial Column
- http://www.weekender.co.jp/LatestEdition/010713/baby.html
- Donn Ariyoshi
- George Ariyoshi Tribute Site
- Portrait of Ariyoshi  by Margaret Holland Sargent

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: George Ariyoshi (6341239579).jpg
- **name**: George R. Ariyoshi
- **order**: List of Governors of Hawaii, 3rd
- **office**: Governor of Hawaii
- **term start**: December 2, 1974<sup>1</sup>
- **term end**: December 2, 1986
- **lieutenant**: Nelson Doi
Jean King
John D. Waihee III, John D. Waihee
- **predecessor**: John A. Burns
- **successor**: John D. Waihee III, John D. Waihee
- **order2**: 4th
- **state2**: Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii
- **term start2**: December 2, 1970
- **term end2**: December 2, 1974
- **governor2**: John A. Burns
- **predecessor2**: Thomas Gill (U.S. politician), Thomas Gill
- **successor2**: Nelson Doi
- **birth place**: Honolulu, Hawaii
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: University of Michigan
- **profession**: Lawyer
- **party**: United States Democratic Party, Democrat
Charles Gyamfi

**Charles Kumi Gyamfi** (4 December 1929 – 2 September 2015) was a Ghanaian footballer and coach. He became the first African to play in Germany when he joined Fortuna Düsseldorf in 1960, and later became the first coach to lead the Ghana national football team to an Africa Cup of Nations victory. As coach of the Ghana national football team, he won the African Cup of Nations three times (1963, 1965 and 1982), making him the most successful coach in the competition's history.

Gyamfi died in Accra, Ghana at the age of 85.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Charles Gyamfi
- **fullname**: Charles Kumi Gyamfi
- **birth place**: Accra, Ghana
- **death place**: Accra, Ghana
- **position**: Midfielder
- **years1**: 1948
- **years2**: 1948–1949
- **years3**: 1949–1954
- **years4**: 1954–1956
- **years5**: 1956–1960
- **years6**: 1960–1961
- **clubs1**: Sailors Football Club, Sailors
- **clubs2**: Ebusua Dwarfs
- **clubs3**: Asante Kotoko
- **clubs4**: Kumasi Great Ashantis
- **clubs5**: Accra Hearts of Oak Sporting Club, Hearts of Oak
- **clubs6**: Fortuna Düsseldorf
- **nationalyears1**: 1950–1961
- **nationalteam1**: Ghana national football team, Ghana
- **manageryears1**: 1963–1965
- **manageryears2**: 1972
- **manageryears3**: 1982
- **manageryears4**: 1983–1984
- **manageryears5**: 1984
- **manageryears6**: 1988–1991
- **manageryears7**: 1992–1993
- **managerclubs1**: Ghana national football team, Ghana
- **managerclubs2**: Africa XI
- **managerclubs3**: Ghana national football team, Ghana
- **managerclubs4**: Municipal Club
- **managerclubs5**: Somalia national football team, Somalia U21
- **managerclubs6**: AFC Leopards
- **managerclubs7**: Ashanti Gold SC, Ashanti Gold
Minister

**Minister** may refer to:

- Minister (Christianity), a Christian minister
- Minister (diplomacy), the rank of diplomat directly below ambassador
- Minister (government), a politician who heads a ministry (government department)
- Ministerialis, a member of a noble class in the Holy Roman Empire
- Shadow minister, a member of a Shadow Cabinet of the opposition
Aleksander Mandziara

**Aleksander Mandziara** (16 August 1940 – 2 September 2015), also known as **Alfons Mandziara**, was a Polish football player and coach. He played for ŁTS Łabędy, Flocie Gdynia, Szombierki Bytom, NAC Breda, and GKS Tychy. He managed GKS Tychy, Pogoń Szczecin, Rot-Weiss Essen, BSC Young Boys, FC Biel/Bienne, LASK Linz, FC Stahl Linz, SV Darmstadt 98, and FC Bern. He was born in Gliwice.

Mandziara died on 2 September 2015, aged 75.
Mis-Teeq

**Mis-Teeq** were an English R&B and UK garage girl group. The members were lead singer Sabrina Washington, rapper Alesha Dixon and backing vocalist Su-Elise Nash. A fourth member, Zena McNally, performed on only one song, "Why" (the group's first song). She left soon after to start a solo career.

The group only released two studio albums, _Lickin' on Both Sides_ and _Eye Candy_. They released a self titled album in the United States in 2004. That album had songs from the group's first two albums. There was also a greatest hits album released in 2005. The group broke up in 2005 after their label went out of business. All of the group's singles reached the UK top 40.

Ever since the group broke up in 2005, there have been rumors about the group releasing more music. On 9 February 2011, it was reported that the group were in talks to do a comeback tour. This was denied by Dixon. Two years later, Dixon said that she would never rule out a reunion.

## Discography

- _Lickin' on Both Sides_ (2001)
- _Eye Candy_ (2003)
- _Mis-Teeq_ (2004)
- _Greatest Hits_ (2005)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mis-Teeq
- **caption**: From left to right: Su-Elise Nash, Sabrina Washington, and Alesha Dixon
- **origin**: London, United Kingdom
- **years active**: 1999–2005
Jeremy Corbyn

**Jeremy Bernard Corbyn** (born 26 May 1949) is a British politician who was the 18th Leader of the Labour Party and the Leader of the Opposition from 2015 until his resignation in 2020. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Islington North since 1983. He was elected as Leader of the Labour Party in 2015. Corbyn calls himself a democratic socialist. Before becoming a politician, he worked as a representative for many trade unions. He was elected to Haringey Council in 1974. He was later secretary of the Islington Constituency Labour Party (CLP).

As an MP, he is known for his activism and for voting against the Labour whip when the party was in government under New Labour leaders Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. During his career, he has worked to stop big businesses and very rich people avoiding tax. He has been an anti-war and anti-nuclear activist. Corbyn is a member of the Socialist Campaign Group, the Palestine Solidarity Campaign, Amnesty International and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND). He was the national chair of the Stop the War Coalition from June 2011 until September 2015. Corbyn won many awards for his work as an international human rights activist.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: Jeremy Corbyn
- **image**: Official portrait of Jeremy Corbyn MP crop 2, 2024.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **office**: Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom), Leader of the Opposition
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **term start**: 12 September 2015
- **term end**: 4 April 2020
- **predecessor**: Harriet Harman
- **successor**: Keir Starmer
- **office1**: Leader of the Labour Party (UK), Leader of the Labour Party
- **deputy1**: Tom Watson (Labour politician), Tom Watson
- **term start1**: 12 September 2015
- **term end1**: 4 April 2020
- **predecessor1**: Ed Miliband
- **successor1**: Keir Starmer
- **office2**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament
for Islington North (UK Parliament constituency), Islington North
- **term start2**: 9 June 1983
- **predecessor2**: Michael O'Halloran (British politician), Michael O'Halloran
- **majority2**: 7,247 (14.8%)
- **office3**: Chair of the Stop the War Coalition
- **deputy3**: Chris Nineham
- **president3**: Tony Benn
- **vicepresident3**: Lindsey German
- **term start3**: 14 June 2011
- **term end3**: 12 September 2015
- **predecessor3**: Andrew Murray (trade unionist), Andrew Murray
- **successor3**: Andrew Murray
- **birth name**: Jeremy Bernard Corbyn
- **birth place**: Chippenham, Wiltshire, England
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent (part of the Independent Alliance (UK), Independent Alliance)
- **otherparty**: Labour Party (UK), Labour (1965–2024)
- **children**: 3
- **relatives**: Piers Corbyn (brother)
- **alma mater**: University of North London, North London Polytechnic (did not graduate)
- **occupation**: Politician
- **signature**: CorbynSignature.svg
- **footnotes**: a.
Ashley Madison

**Ashley Madison** is a Canada-based online dating service and social networking service. It used for people who are married or in a committed relationship. It promotes affairs. Its slogan is "Life is short. Have an affair." The website was launched in 2001.

The company received attention on July 15, 2015, after hackers stole all of its customer data—including emails, names, home addresses, sexual fantasies, and credit card information—and threatened to post all the data online if Ashley Madison and fellow Avid Life Media site EstablishedMen.com were not permanently closed.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Ashley Madison updates
Alejandro Maldonado

**Alejandro Maldonado Aguirre** (born January 6, 1936) is a Guatemalan politician. He was the acting President of Guatemala following the Congress of Guatemala's acceptance of the resignation of Otto Pérez Molina on September 3, 2015. He left office on January 14, 2016.

## Infobox (president)

- **image**: Retrato oficial de Presidente Alejandro Maldonado Aguirre (cropped 3).jpg
- **order2**:
14th
- **office2**: Vice President of Guatemala
- **president2**: Otto Pérez Molina
- **term start2**: May 14, 2015
- **term end2**: September 3, 2015
- **predecessor2**: Roxana Baldetti
- **successor2**: Alfonso Fuentes Soria
- **order**:  Acting
- **office**: President of Guatemala
- **term start**: September 3, 2015
- **term end**: January 14, 2016
- **predecessor**: Otto Pérez Molina
- **successor**: Jimmy Morales
- **birth name**: Alejandro Maldonado Aguirre
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2015
Simo Salminen

**Simo Veli Atte Salminen** (8 November 1932 – 2 September 2015) was a Finnish comic-actor. He was best known for his many performances in movies and television shows by Spede Pasanen. He was known for his roles in _Pähkähullu Suomi_ and in _Koeputkiaikuinen ja Simon enkelit_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Simo Salminen
- **image**: Simo Salminen.jpg
- **caption**: Salminen in 2010
- **birth name**: Simo Veli Atte Salminen
- **birth place**: Vanaja (Finland), Vanaja, Finland
- **death place**: Salo, Finland
Ora (Rita Ora album)

***Ora*** is the debut studio album by British recording artist Rita Ora, released on 27 August 2012 through Roc Nation.

## Track listing

- Notes
- Track listing and credits from album booklet.
- <sup></sup> signifies an additional producer
- <sup></sup> signifies a vocal producer
- <sup></sup> signifies a co-producer
- "Facemelt" is originally "Brap" written and performed by Bart B More with original vocals performed by Rita Ora.
- "R.I.P." embodies portions of "Heartbeat" written by N. Egbuna and F. Samadzada and performed by Nneka.
- "Fall in Love" embodies portions of "Handguns (Dada Life Remix)" written by Alexis Latrobe.

### Year-end charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2012)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center;"|35|||

## Release history

|scope="col"|Region|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Format|scope="col"|Label|scope="col"|Edition|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Ireland|24 August 2012|rowspan="7"|CD, digital download|rowspan="7"|Roc Nation|rowspan="2"|Standard, deluxe|||
|United Kingdom||27 August 2012||||||||
|Australia||15 September 2012||Standard||||||
|Germany||19 October 2012||Standard, deluxe||||||
|Portugal||21 January 2013||||||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Ora
- **type**: Studio
- **artist**: Rita Ora
- **length**: 42:44
Leon Gorman

**Leon A. Gorman** (December 20, 1934 – September 3, 2015) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was the President (1967–2001) and Chairman (2001–2013) of the bard for the clothing company L.L.Bean. He had a reported net worth of $860 million, and, until his death, was the richest person in Maine. He was born in Nashua, New Hampshire.

Gorman died from cancer on September 3, 2015 in Yarmouth, Maine, aged 80.
Jean-Luc Préel

**Jean-Luc Préel** (30 October 1940 – 3 September 2015) was a French politician. He was a member of the National Assembly from 1988 until 2012. He represented the Vendée department, and was a member of the New Centre. He was born in Caen.

Préel died on 3 September 2015 in La Roche-sur-Yon, aged 74.
Graham Brazier

**Graham Brazier** (6 May 1952 – 4 September 2015) was a New Zealand musician and songwriter. He was best known as a member of the band Hello Sailor. He was also a member of The Pink Flamingos and The Legionnaires. He was born in Auckland.

Brazier died from a heart attack on 4 September 2015 in Auckland, aged 63.
Wilfred de Souza

**Wilfred de Souza** (23 April 1927 – 4 September 2015) was an Indian surgeon and politician. He served as the Chief Minister of Goa three times; 18 May 1993 until 2 April 1994, 8 April 1994 until 16 December 1994 and 30 July 1998 until 26 November 1998.

De Souza was born in Kampala, Uganda. He grew up in Goa. He was a Roman Catholic.

De Souza died after a short illness on 4 September 2015 in Panaji, aged 88.
Geoffrey Bolton

**Geoffrey Curgenven Bolton**  (5 November 1931 – 3 September 2015) was an Australian historian, academic and writer. He was best known for his research and writings of Western Australian history. He wrote around thirteen books between 1958 and 2008. He also taught at universities such as the University of Western Australia (UWA), Murdoch University and Monash University. In 2005, he was named Western Australian of the Year.

Bolton was born in Perth, Western Australia. He was educated at the Oxford University and UWA. He was married to Carol Grattan and had two sons and five grandchildren.

Bolton died on 4 September 2015 in Perth, aged 83.
Giya Kancheli

**Giya Kancheli** (; August 10, 1935 – October 2, 2019) was an Georgian composer. After the fall of the Soviet Union he became famous as one of the composers who resisted pressure to conform to official Soviet styles of music. Kancheli has composed many soundtracks for  movies such as _Mimino_, _Kin-dza-dza!_, _Passport_, _Blue Mountains_, _The Eccentrics_, and _Extraordinary Exhibition_.

Kancheli died at his home in Tbilisi on October 2, 2019 at the age of 84.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Giya Kancheli
- **image**: Gia Kancheli.jpg
- **caption**: Giya Kancheli(2010)
- **background**: non_performing_personnel
- **birth place**: Tbilisi, Georgia (country)
- **death place**: Tbilisi, Georgia
- **genre**: Film score, contemporary classical music, jazz
- **occupation**: Composer
- **years active**: 1964–2014
- **associated acts**: Jansug Kakhidze