juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Cuban Revolution

The **Cuban Revolution** (1953-1959) was an armed revolt in the mid-1950's. It was led by Fidel Castro against the government of Fulgencio Batista. The revolt took place between 1953 and 1959. Batista was finally removed from office on January 1, 1959. He was replaced by a revolutionary government led by Castro. This government changed to communism, and became the Communist Party of Cuba in October 1965.

The revolt began with the assault on the Moncada Barracks on July 26, 1953.  It ended on December 31st, 1958, when Batista was forced to leave the country and Santa Clara and Santiago de Cuba were taken by rebels. Che Guevara and Fidel Castro, Raúl Castro and Huber Matos led the rebels.  Guevara led the group at Santa Clara. Raúl Castro and Matos led the rebels at Santiago de Cuba. Castro used guerilla warfare methods.

The United States of America tried to sabotage the new government (Led by Fidel Castro) Cuba. The U.S tried to send them and more soldiers to the Bay of Pigs to try and create a surprise attack. Somehow, Fidel Castro got wind of their attack and sent his army to the bay to fight. The U.S force was outnumbered, and faced defeat. Many soldiers were captured and killed in public.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: the Cuban Revolution
- **place**: Cuba, Cuban Archipelago
- **partof**: the Cold War
- **date**: First phase: July 26, 1953 - November 5, 1956<hr>Second phase: December 2, 1956 - January 1, 1959
- **image**: LaCaballeriaCorrales.JPG
- **combatant1**: 26th of July Movement<hr>
***Revolutionary Student Directorate "13th of March"**
***Revolutionary Army**
***Universitary Student Organization**
***People's Socialist Party**
- **combatant2**: Government of Cuba, Batista's Government<hr>**Defense Intelligence Agency** (USA)
***General Intelligence Directorate**
***National Warfare Army**
- **commander1**: **Fidel Castro**
 Huber Matos
 Camilo Cienfuegos
 Rolando Cubela Secades
 Che Guevara, Ernesto Guevara
 William Alexander Morgan
 Juan Manuel Márquez
 Blas Roca, Blas Roca Calderío
- **commander2**: **Fulgencio Batista**
 Rafael Díaz-Balart
 Francisco Tabernilla Dolz
 Rolando Masferrer
 Eulogio Cantillo
- **caption**: the Revolutionary cavalry entering Habana after the triumph of the Revolution on January 8, 1959.
- **image size**: 265px
- **result**: The rebels army takes over the government of Fulgencio Batista and Cuba becomes a communist-led country.
George Stephanopoulos

**George Robert Stephanopoulos** (; born February 10, 1961) is an American television journalist and a former political advisor.

Stephanopoulos is the chief political correspondent for the news division at ABC-TV– and a co-anchor of ABC-TVs morning news program, _Good Morning America_ (_GMA_). He returned as host of ABC-TV's _This Week_ in January 2012, a Sunday morning news program produced by ABC-TV's news division. He is the main replacement anchor for ABC-TV's newscast program, _World News with Diane Sawyer_.

In recent years, he has co-hosted ABC Newss special live coverage of political events with Charles Gibson and Diane Sawyer. He and has often been on _GMA_ and _World News_. He launched _George's Bottom Line_, an ABCNews.com blog.

Before he started working for ABC News, he was a senior political adviser to the 1992 U.S. presidential campaign of Bill Clinton. He later became the White House Communications Director for two years. He was replaced by David Gergen. This change came after the Republican party getting control of the U.S. House and Senate in the mid-term elections of 1994.

In April 2020, Stephanopoulos was diagnosed with COVID-19.

## Further reading

- Clinton, Bill (2005). _My Life_. Vintage (New York City). .
- Stephanopoulos, George (1999).  _All Too Human – A Political Education_. Little, Brown (Boston, Massachusetts). .

## Other websites

- abcnews.com/thisweek, _This Week with George Stephanopoulos_ official website
- blogs.abcnews.com/george, _George's Bottom Line_, an _ABC News_ blog by Stephanopoulos

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: George Stephanopoulos
- **office**: Senior Advisor to the President of the United States, Senior Advisor to the President
- **president**: Bill Clinton
- **term start**: June 7, 1993
- **term end**: December 10, 1996
- **predecessor**: Rahm Emanuel
- **successor**: Sidney Blumenthal
- **office1**: White House Communications Director
- **president1**: Bill Clinton
- **term start1**: January 20, 1993
- **term end1**: June 7, 1993
- **predecessor1**: Margaret D. Tutwiler
- **successor1**: Mark Gearan
- **birth place**: Fall River, Massachusetts, Fall River, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Columbia University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Balliol College, Oxford (Master of Arts, MA)
- **image**: George Stephanopoulos in 2024 (cropped).jpg
Platt (surname)

**Platt** is a surname, and may refer to:

## People

- Alyce Platt, Australian actress
- Campion Platt, American architect
- Casper Platt (1892 – 1965), a United States federal judge.
- Charles Platt (science-fiction author), American writer
- Charles A. Platt, American architect
- Charles Z. Platt, NYS Treasurer 1813-1817
- Clive Platt, footballer
- Conal Platt, Irish footballer
- David Platt, English footballer
- Edward Platt, American character actor best known for his portrayal of "The Chief" in the 1965-70 television series _Get Smart_
- Geoff Platt, Canadian ice hockey player
- Howard Platt, stage and screen actor known for his role as "Officer Hopkins" on the hit NBC-TV series _Sanford and Son_
- Jenny Platt, British actress
- John Platt, computer scientist
- John Platt (MP), textile machine manufacturer from Oldham
- John Platt, partner in Mather and Platt in Salford
- Jonas Platt, New York politician
- J. Platt Goodsell (1819-1869), NY State Engineer and Surveyor 1866-1867
- Ken Platt, British north-country comedian
- Kin Platt, American writer for radio
- "General" Larry Platt, American civil rights advocate and musician
- Lewis Platt, American, CEO of Hewlett-Packard
- Marc Platt, British writer
- Marc Platt (dancer), American
- Marc E. Platt, American film producer
- Moss K. Platt (1808-1876), New York politician
- Nicholas Platt, American diplomat
- Oliver Platt, American actor
- Orville H. Platt, American politician, proponent of the Platt Amendment
- Steve Platt, British journalist, former editor of _The New Statesman_
- Tristan Platt, British anthropologist
- Thomas C. Platt, American politician
- Zephaniah Platt, American lawyer

## Fictional characters

- Bethany Platt, from _Coronation Street_
- David Platt (_Coronation Street_)
- Gail Platt, from _Coronation Street_
- Martin Platt, from _Coronation Street_
- Sarah-Louise Platt, from _Coronation Street_
- Yardley Platt, from _Harry Potter_
- Esme Anne Platt, from _Twilight_ (her maiden name)

## Related pages

- Platt
- Platts McGraw Hill
- Platt Brothers Textile Machine Manufacturers
Ciara Bravo

**Ciara Quinn Bravo** (born March 18, 1997 in Alexandria, Kentucky) is an American actress, singer, and voice actress. She is best known for her role in _Big Time Rush_ as Katie Knight. Bravo is also known for voicing Giselita in _Open Season 3_ and Peaches in _Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas_.

### Movies

- _Big Time Audition_ - Katie Knight (2009)
- _Big Time Concert_ - (2010)
- _Big Time Christmas_ - (2010)
- _Open Season 3_ - Giselita (2010) (voice)
- _Big Time Beach Party_ - Katie Knight (2011)
- _Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown_ - Patty (2011) (voice)
- _My Dog's Christmas Miracle_ - Heather (2011)
- _Big Time Break-Up_ - Katie Knight (2011)

#### 2008

- _Can You Teach My Alligator Manners?_ - Additional Voices (voice)

#### 2009

- _Special Agent Oso_ - Sarah (voice)
- _The Cafeteria_ - Caroline (short)
- _Washed Up_ - Sarah
- _Big Time Rush_ - Katie Knight

#### 2011

- _Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas_ - Peaches (TV special) (voice)
- _BrainSurge_ - Herself

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ciara Bravo
- **image**: Ciarabravo.jpg
- **image size**: 190px
- **birth name**: Ciara Quinn Bravo
- **birth place**: Alexandria, Kentucky, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2006–present
Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run

***Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run*** is a 2006 American computer-animated short movie from Sony Pictures Animation. The movie is a spin-off of the movie _Open Season_ and stars Boog and Elliot, the main characters of the _Open Season_ franchise.

## Plot

One summer night, Bob and Bobbie (Georgia Engel) leave the trailer to go skinny-dipping, leaving Mr. Weenie (Cody Cameron) to guard the cinnamon buns they left on the counter. Boog (Martin Lawrence) and Elliot (Ashton Kutcher) sneak into the camp and discover there's buns in trailer. Unfortunately, Weenie is guarding the door.

To avoid the waking Weenie, Boog and Elliot climb onto the roof and Boog ties Elliot to the end of a rope and lowers him through the open skylight. Unfortunately, Elliot is distracted by the buns and salivates, waking Mr. Weenie, who bites his backside, accidentally pulling Boog into the trailer. Bob and Bobbie is hear noises from outside and think that Weenie is being nightmarely attacked. Bobbie puts on a towel to go investigate. Shocked by what she sees, she accidentally drops her towel, revealing her bare tattooed buttocks (as well as everything else her breasts, abdomen, and crotch, which are off-screen) to the passing police car, whose driver pulls over, startled away by the screaming and naked woman. Elliot runs out of the window looking for a place to hide, leaving Boog incriminatingly holding Weenie by the tail when the police officer, Gordy (Gordon Tootoosis), breaks into the RV camper. Then Mr. Weenie laughs to Boog, "You are so busted?!" and Boog responds, "Tell me about it?.."

## Voice cast

- Martin Lawrence as Boog
- Ashton Kutcher as Elliot
- Georgia Engel as Bobbie
- Gordon Tootoosis as Sheriff Gordy
- Cody Cameron as Mr. Weenie

### Home media

_Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run_ was exclusively released on December 15, 2006, as a special feature on the _Open Season_ DVD and Blu-ray.

The DVD copy of the short film was released on May 9, 2007 in China and the DVD copy of the short film was released on March 18, 2008 in Japan. The DVD copy of the short film was debuted on TV in Sweden on December 27, 2009.

## References

1. ↑ McCutcheon, David (January 4, 2007). _"Open Season's DVD Hunt". IGN. Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2011._
1. ↑ _"Open Season Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved August 23, 2011._
Karley Scott Collins

**Karley Scott Collins** (born December 14, 1999) is an American actress and voice artist. She is the voice of Gisela in the _Open Season_ franchise.

## Filmography

- _The Class_
- _Private Practice_
- _The Hottie & the Nottie_
- _Pulse 2: Afterlife_
- _Amusement_
- _Pulse 3_
- _The Collecter_
- _Amish Grace_
- _Letters to God_
- _Open Season 3_
- _Family Guy_
- _Fringe_
- _Answers to Nothing_
- _When You Find Me_
- _Once Upon a Time_
Robert M. Berdahl

**Robert Max Berdahl** (born March 15, 1937) is an American historian, author and the interim President of the University of Oregon (OU). He was chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley from 1997 to 2004. He was president of the Association of American Universities (AAU) from May 2006 to June 2011. In addition to his duties as interim President, he serves on the Board of Directors of Lam Research Corporation.

## Biography

Berdahl was born in Sioux Falls, South Dakota in 1937. He received his B.A. degree from Augustana College (South Dakota). Berdahl got an M.A. degree from the University of Illinois. He earned a Ph.D. in history from the University of Minnesota in 1965.

Berdahl taught history at OU from 1967 to 1986. During that time he was dean of the College of Arts and Sciences from 1981 to 1986 while Paul Olum was OU president.  Olum also was forced to retire in a fight over resources for the university.  Berdahl then was vice chancellor for academic affairs at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for seven years.  He then was president of the University of Texas for four years.

On December 9, 2011, Berdahl announced that he had been asked by the Oregon State Board of Higher Education to serve as the interim president of the University of Oregon.   On November 28, 2011, the board gave Richard W. Lariviere 30 days to leave his office. Berdahl had written an editorial supporting Lariviere. Berdahl took office on December 29, 2011 and will serve until fall 2012 when his successor is named.

## Other websites

- OU official webpage

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Robert M. Berdahl
- **order**: Interim
- **title**: List of University of Oregon faculty and staff#Presidents of the University of Oregon, President of the University of Oregon
- **term start**: 2011
- **term end**: 2012
- **predecessor**: Richard W. Lariviere
- **successor**: Michael R. Gottfredson
- **order2**: 5th
- **title2**: Association of American Universities#Presidents, President of the Association of American Universities
- **term start2**: 2006
- **term end2**: 2011
- **predecessor2**: Nils Hasselmo
- **successor2**: Hunter R. Rawlings III
- **order3**: 8th
- **title3**: Chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley
- **term start3**: 1997
- **term end3**: 2004
- **predecessor3**: Chang-Lin Tien
- **successor3**: Robert J. Birgeneau
- **order4**: 25th
- **title4**: List of University of Texas at Austin presidents, President of the University of Texas at Austin
- **term start4**: 1993
- **term end4**: 1997
- **predecessor4**: William S. Livingston
- **successor4**: Peter Tyrrell Flawn
- **birth place**: Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- **alma mater**: Augustana College (South Dakota), Augustana College
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois
University of Minnesota
- **residence**: Portland, Oregon
- **profession**: Academic administration, Administrator
Richard W. Lariviere

**Richard W. Lariviere** was President of the University of Oregon (OU) from 2009 to 2011. He is a Life Member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
He became president of OU in 2009. Lariviere's contract was not renewed in 2011 amid a racketeering scandal in the OU Dean of Students office.

Lariviere has stated that he will remain at OU as a tenured faculty member.

## Biography

Lariviere was Visiting Lecturer in the South Asia Regional Studies Department of the University of Pennsylvania from 1978-79. He was a Visiting Professor at the University of Iowa from 1980-1982. Lariviere was dean of the College of Liberal Arts at the University of Texas at Austin from 1999 to 2006. He was executive vice chancellor and provost at the University of Kansas from 2006 to 2009.

As OU president, Lariviere answered to a number of different groups.  He ran into two problems: OU salaries and OU governance. Before Lariviere arrived at OU, salaries were frozen for several years. OU could not compete with other colleges. In February 2011, Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber asked all the public universities in Oregon to limit payroll increases to six percent. But Lariviere found OU money that did not come from Oregon to give bigger pay increases to faculty and staff. This caused the unions to demand a pay increase from OU for their members.

All seven public colleges in Oregon are run by a single Oregon state board of higher education. Lariviere agreed to work with other public colleges to seek more independence in a plan that resulted in Senate Bill 242. Governor Kitzhaber signed that law on July 20, 2011 to give public college more control over how they spend money. At the same time, OU developed a separate legislative proposal (the "New Partnership") to start a separate 15-person board of trustees for OU and a $800 million state bond issue to match private donations to a new OU endowment fund. The governor and state board asked Lariviere to delay pushing for the OU legislation while Senate Bill 242 went through the legislature first.  Because Lariviere and OU seemed to be working separately from the Governor and state board, the board voted to fire him on November 28, 2011. He was given 30 days to leave his office. The board hired Robert M. Berdahl as interim president.

## Education

- **Ph.D.** Asian Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 1978
- **B.A.** History of Religion, University of Iowa, 1972

## Other websites

- Presidential website
- vitae  (PDF)
- OU biography

## Infobox (academic)

- **name**: Richard W. Lariviere
- **image**: Richard_Lariviere.jpg
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, US
- **nationality**: United States
- **workplaces**: University of Texas at Austin (1982–2006)
University of Kansas (2006–2009)
University of Oregon (2009–2011)
Field Museum (2012–)
- **alma mater**: University of Iowa (Bachelor of Arts, B.A.) (1972)
University of Pennsylvania (Doctor of Philosophy, PhD.) (1978)
- **spouse**: Janis Worcester (1984–present)
Oxford Movement

The **Oxford Movement** was a religious movement within the Church of England, based at the University of Oxford, which began in 1833. Members of this movement were known as 'Tractarians' (from _Tracts for the Times_, a collection of books, pamphlets and essays that described their beliefs). Opponents of the movement called them Newmanites (before 1845) and Puseyites (from 1845), after John Henry Newman and Edward Bouverie Pusey, two leading Tractarians. The members of the movement tried to bring back Catholic doctrine and forms of service into the Church of England.  The Oxford Movement wanted to make services more like a Catholic Mass. They also believed the Anglican church was an 'apostolic' church, connected directly to the Church of Saint Peter and the other Apostles. John Keble was another leader of the movement.

After publishing ninety Tracts, Newman decided, in Tract 90, that the Branch Theory (that the Anglican, Eastern Orthodox and Roman Churches were all part of the one Church) was not enough, and he converted to Catholicism, and later became a Cardinal. Enemies of the Movement thought this proved that they were trying to reunify with Rome. Others followed Newman to Rome (Henry Edward Manning, another important Tractarian, converted in 1851) while others, such as Pusey and John Keble, remained in the Anglican Church to continue the work of reforming it.

Today, it is represented in the 'Anglo-Catholic' or High Church (more Catholic, as opposed to Low Church, more Protestant) part of the Anglican Church, the smaller, conservative part. Recently, with the Anglican Church debating if female clergymen should be allowed, some Anglo-Catholics, such as Bishop Burnham, Bishop Newton and sixty priests  left the Church and converted to Rome in protest, as they do not believe female bishops or female priests should be allowed.

## More information

- Michael Chandler _An Introduction to the Oxford Movement_. New York: Church Publishing, 2003

## Other websites

- _Tracts for the Times_
- _Tractarianism_ (_Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge_)
Ninpei

, also romanized as **Nimpyō**, was a  after _Kyūan_ and before _Kyūju._  This period started in January 1151 and ended in October 1154. During this time, the emperor was .

## Events of the _Ninpei_ era

- **1151** (_Ninpei 1, 1st month_): Fujiwara no Yorinaga was given the role of reading formal written requests before they should be presented to the emperor.

- **13 April 1152** (_Ninpei 2, 7th day of the 3rd month_): Emperor Konoe visited the home of former Emperor Toba on the occasion of his 50th birthday.

- **28 January 1153** (_Ninpei 3, 2nd day of the 1st month_): Konoe re-visited his father's home.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Ninpei|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1151|1152|1153|1154|
Graphics Interchange Format

**Graphics Interchange Format** (often shortened to **GIF**) is a file format for images.

It is a raster graphics format; that is the image has a fixed size. CompuServe developed and introduced the format in 1987. Today, it is widely used on the World Wide Web.The format supports up to 8 bits per pixel, or 256 colors. It also supports animations. Each frame of an animation can have its own set of 256 colors. GIF is not used to show photographs very much, because having only 256 colors is limiting for such a task.

To reduce their size, images are compressed using Lempel–Ziv–Welch compression. Lempel-Ziv-Welch, or LZW, is a lossless compression. No information is lost when compressing or uncompressing. There were some problems with the patent of the LZW compression. That patent was not held by CompuServe, but by Unisys. These issues led to the development of another format, called PNG. This is no longer a problem, because the patents have expired.

A GIF may often represent a small clip of a favorite scene from a show or video.

## Pronunciation of GIF

The creators of the format pronounced the word as "jif" with a soft "G" /dʒɪf/ as in "gin". Steve Wilhite says that the intended pronunciation deliberately echoes the American peanut butter brand Jif, and CompuServe employees would often say "Choosy developers choose GIF", spoofing this brand's television commercials.

The disagreement over the pronunciation led to heated Internet debate. On the occasion of receiving a lifetime achievement award at the 2013 Webby Award ceremony, Wilhite rejected the hard-"G" pronunciation, and his speech led to 17,000 posts on Twitter and 50 news articles.

## Infobox (file format)

- **name**: Graphics Interchange Format
- **screenshot**: Rotating earth (large).gif
- **caption**: A rotating globe in GIF format. Posterization is noticeable in the blue gradient areas due to the restricted palette.
- **extension**: .gif
- **mime**: image/gif
- **type code**: GIF
GIFf
- **uniform type**: com.compuserve.gif
- **magic**: `GIF87a`/`GIF89a`
- **owner**: CompuServe
- **genre**: Raster graphics Graphics file formats, image format
Kyūan

, also romanized as **Kyū-an**, was a  after _Ten'yō_ and before _Ninpei._  This period spanned the years from July 1145 through January 1151. The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Kyūan_ Era

- **1145** (_Kyūan 1, 8th month_): Taiken-mon In, died. She was mother of former-Emperor Sutoku.

- **1146** (_Kyūan 2, 2nd month_), The emperor visited the home of former Emperor Toba.

- **1146** (_Kyūan 2, 12th month_), Konoe joined Fujiwara no Tadamichi in celebrating his 58th birthday.

- **1148** (_Kyūan 4, 6th month_): In Heian-kyō (Kyoto), the imperial palace was destroyed by fire.

- **1150** (_Kyūan 6, 1st month_): Konoe married Fujiwara-no Tokoku.  This bride became _kōgū_ (first empress).

- **1150** (_Kyūan 6, 3rd month_): Konoe took a second wife; and this bride became _chūgyo_ (second empress).  Konoe caused discord when he neglected his first wife.

- **1150** (_Kyūan 6, 12th month_): Minamoto no Yoshikane became head of the Ashikaga clan in Shimotsuke province.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Kyūan|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1145|1146|1147|1148|1149|1150|1151|
Tabuaeran

**Tabuaeran** is one of the Line Islands of the central Pacific Ocean. It is an atoll. Tabueran is part of Kiribati.  The highest point on the island is about 3 m (10 ft) above high tide.

Tabuaeran is the name in Gilbertese language. The island is also called **Fanning Island** or **Fanning Atoll** in English.

## Other websites

- Map of Tabuaeran
- Fanning Island on Jane Resture's Oceania Home Page  A strong resource including geography, history, photos, and links.
- Fanning-Island.com
- Ancient Polynesian remains
- Atoll Institute, proposed Field Station
- _Edmund Fanning_ in _Explorers of the Pacific_ by Buck (eText)
Augustana University

**Augustana University** is a private liberal arts college in South Dakota. It is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The school is in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States. The 100-acre (40 ha) campus makes the school the largest private university in South Dakota. Some people call the college “Augie.”

It was first called "The Lutheran Normal School". It was started for the purpose of educating teachers. In 1918, the college got its current name after joining with Augustana College in Canton. This happened because synod officials worried about having enough money to run two institutions so close together. The schools were only 20 miles (32 km) apart. The college claims its founding as 1860, the same as its sister-school (which shares the same name) in Rock Island, Illinois. Augustana gets its name from the _Confessio Augustana_, the Latin name for the Augsburg Confession of 1530.

Augustana regularly gets high rankings among other Midwestern schools. Publications such as _The Princeton Review_ named Augustana a "Best Midwestern College" and _U.S. News & World Report_ listed Augustana as a "Best Buy" in 2009. _U.S. News & World Report_ has listed the school a top tier baccalaureate college in the Midwest for 13 years in a row, with Augustana placing third as of 2009. It got this ranking again in 2010.

## Other websites

- Augustana College, official website
- Augustana Choir
- Augustana Computer Organization
- KAUR FM , Minnesota Public Radio's talk radio station (owned in name by Augustana College).
- Augustana Pre-Med Club
- The Mirror , Augustana's student newspaper
- Augustana College Theatre Company
- Circle K , Circle K International-Augustana chapter
- ACSJ Augustana Coalition for Social Justice Blog
- Mikkelsen Library
- Hillsboro Academy , Historical Society of Montgomery County Illinois

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Augustana University
- **image**: AugustanaSFSD.JPG
- **image upright**: 0.9
- **motto**: _Verbum Dei manet in aeternum_
- **mottoeng**: The Word of God endures forever
- **established**: 1860
- **type**: Private school, Private
- **affiliation**: Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
- **endowment**: United States dollar, USD $67 1000000 (number), million (2016)
- **president**: Stephanie Herseth Sandlin
- **vice-president**: Dr. Colin Irvine
- **dean**: Mark Blackburn
- **students**: 2,080
- **undergrad**: 1613
- **city**: Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Sioux Falls
- **state**: South Dakota
- **country**: United States
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban

- **athletics**: Baseball, Basketball, Football, Soccer, Tennis, Volleyball, Softball, Golf, Wrestling, Track and Field, Cross Country, Swimming, etc.
- **nickname**: Augustana (South Dakota) Vikings, Vikings
- **mascot**: Ole the Viking
- **website**: [http://www.augie.edu/ www.augie.edu]
- **logo**: Augustana College Logo.png
- **faculty**: 134
- **colors**: Navy blue  and Gold (color), gold
- **sporting affiliations**: NCAA Division II – Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference, NSIC (most sports)
NCAA Division I – Central Collegiate Hockey Association, CCHA (men's ice hockey)
Chiodos

**Chiodos** (pronounced  ) is an American post hardcore band. They formed in Davison, Michigan in 2001. The band was first known as "The Chiodos Bros." This was a tribute to the filmmakers Stephen, Charles, and Edward Chiodo. Chiodos released their first full-length album on July 26, 2005. It was titled _All's Well That Ends Well_. Their second album was titled _Bone Palace Ballet_.

It was released in North America on September 4, 2007.  Later on, Warner Bros. Records released _Bone Palace Ballet_ in the United Kingdom on January 26, 2009. It debuted at number 5 on the _Billboard_ 200.

It also reached number 1 on the Independent Albums chart. In 2010, they released their third studio titled _Illuminaudio_. This is the first album without lead vocalist Craig Owens. Chiodos has not said why they let Owens leave the band. On February 2, 2010, Chiodos announced Brandon Bolmer from Yesterday's Rising would be their new lead vocalist. Illuminaudio has received very positive reviews. It reached #37 on the Billboard 200 and #5 on Top Alternative Albums.

## Band members

- Current
- Pat McManaman - rhythm guitar <small>(since 2001)</small>
- Bradley Bell - keyboards, synthesizers, piano, backing vocals <small>(since 2001)</small>
- Matt Goddard - bass guitar <small>(since 2001)</small>
- Jason Hale - lead guitar <small>(since 2004)</small>
- Brandon Bolmer - lead vocals <small>(since 2010)</small>
- Tanner Wayne - drums <small>(since 2010)</small>

- Former
- Craig Owens - lead vocals <small>(2001–2009)</small>
- Crosby Clark - drums <small>(2002–2004)</small>
- Dane Spencer - lead guitar <small>(2002–2003)</small>
- Patrick "Chip" Kelly - lead guitar <small>(2003–2004)</small>
- Derrick Frost - drums <small>(2004–2009)</small>
- Mike Catalano - drums <small>(2009)</small>

## Discography

- EP's
- _The Chiodos Bros._ (2001)
- _The Best Way to Ruin Your Life_ (2002)
- _The Heartless Control Everything_ (2003)
- Studio albums
- _All's Well That Ends Well_ (2005)
- _Bone Palace Ballet_ (2007)
- _Illuminaudio_ (2010)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Chiodos
- **image**: Chiodos 2009.jpg
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Davison, Michigan, Davison, Michigan United States
- **genre**: Post-hardcore
- **years active**: 2001–present
- **label**: Equal Vision Records, Equal Vision, Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros.
- **associated acts**: Cinematic Sunrise, Isles & Glaciers, The Sound of Animals Fighting, D.R.U.G.S., Yesterdays Rising, In Fear and Faith
- **url**: [http://www.chiodos.net www.chiodos.net]
- **current members**: Matt Goddard
Pat McManaman
Tanner Wayne
Brandon Bolmer
Jason Hale
Bradley Bell
- **past members**: Derrick Frost
Craig Owens
Crosby Clark
Dane Spencer
Davison, Michigan

**Davison** is a city in Genesee County in the U.S. state of Michigan and a suburb of Flint. The population was 5,143 at the 2020 census. Davison is located within Davison Township. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , which is all land. Davison was first settled in 1842 by Eleazer Thurston. Davison was named after Judge Norman Davison, who founded a nearby town formerly known as Davisonville, now known as Atlas.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Davison, Michigan
- **nickname**: City of Flags
- **pushpin map**: Michigan
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin label**: Davison
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of Michigan
- **image map**: Davison, MI location.png
- **mapsize**: 250
- **map caption**: Location within Genesee County, Michigan, Genesee County
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Michigan
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Michigan, County
- **subdivision name2**: Genesee County, Michigan, Genesee
- **government type**: Council–manager government, Council–manager
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: City manager
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1889 (village)
1938 (city)
- **area total km2**: 5.14
- **area total sq mi**: 1.99
- **area land km2**: 5.14
- **area land sq mi**: 1.99
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **settlement type**: City
- **population total**: 5143
- **population density km2**: 999.70
- **population density sq mi**: 2589.63
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 242
- **elevation ft**: 794
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code, ZIP code(s)
- **postal code**: 48423
- **area code**: Area code 810, 810
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 26-19880
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0624356
- **unit pref**: Imperial
The Chiodo Brothers

**The Chiodo Brothers** (**Stephen, Charles & Edward Chiodo**, all born in Bronx, New York) are a group of sibling special effects artists. They are best known for their movie _Killer Klowns from Outer Space_ and for making puppets and effects for movies such as _Critters_, _Ernest Scared Stupid_, and _Team America: World Police_. They made the detailed dioramas seen in the 2010 movie _Dinner for Schmucks_. The post-hardcore band Chiodos (originally called The Chiodos Bros) is named after them as a tribute.

Their studio has also made several clay animation segments on _The Simpsons_
The Saturdays

**The Saturdays** are a five person Anglo-Irish girl group. They were formed in 2007 in London. They released their first single, "If This Is Love" in 2008. The group consists of Una Healy, Mollie King, Frankie Sandford, Vanessa White and Rochelle Humes. They have sold over four million singles in the UK and Ireland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Saturdays
- **img**: The Saturdays in Sept 2011.jpg
- **img capt**: The Saturdays performing in September 2011
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: London, England
- **genre**: Pop, electropop, dance-pop
- **years active**: 2007–present
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor, Fascination Records, Fascination
- **current members**: Una Healy
Mollie King
Frankie Sandford
Vanessa White
Rochelle Humes
Viber

**Viber** is an application for iOS, Windows Phone and Android OS. It lets users make free phone calls and send free text messages to anyone who has the application installed. Viber works on both 3G and Wi-Fi networks. A version for BlackBerry devices is in the works, according to Viber.

As of March 2017, this application is said to have 800 million registered users worldwide. In 2017, the app introduced a new feature "secret chats" wherein, the users are given an option to start conversations that self-destruct after a certain time limit.

## Reference

- Fans website

## Other websites

- Official website
Portfolio management

**Portfolio management** refers to earning money by putting assets into different types of investments. The idea of portfolio management comes from the portfolio theory. This theory says that a person can reduce the risk of investment by having a diversified portfolio that has different types of securities of which some of them may cause a great return on the investment.
Keio

**Keio** may refer to:

- Keiō (慶応), a Japanese era name
- Keio University (慶應義塾大学), a Tokyo-based University
Koan

**Kōan** is a story, dialog, question, or statement in the context of Zen Buddhism.

**Kōan** may mean:
- Kōan (Kamakura period), a Japanese era (1278-1288)
- Kōan (Muromachi period), a Japanese era (1361-1362)
- Emperor Kōan, the 6th emperor of Japan
Yun Seon-do

**Yun Seon-do** (; June 22, 1587  June 11, 1671) was a Korean politician, philosopher, and poet during the Joseon Dynasty. He was also called Gosan (고산, 孤山), Haeong (해옹, 海翁), or Yaki (약이, 約而).

## Works

- Gosanseonsaengyugo (고산선생유고, 孤山先生遺稿)
- Byeoljip (별집, 別集)
- Yakhwaje (약화제, 藥和劑)
- Seonchangyak (선창약, 癬瘡藥)
- Hwaechungyak (회충약, 蛔蟲藥)
- Haesuyak (해수약, 咳嗽藥)
- Bokhaksinbang (복학신방, 腹학神方)
- Uyeoksinbang (우역신방, 牛疫神方)
- Oseonjubang (오선주방, 五仙酒方)

## Related pages

- Heo Mok
- Yun Hyu
- Jeong Gu
- Song Siyeol
- Jeong Yak-yong

## Other websites

- http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=123646
- http://people.aks.ac.kr/front/tabCon/ppl/pplView.aks?pplId=PPL_6JOb_A1587_1_0008531
- http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=689760
- http://navercast.naver.com/contents.nhn?contents_id=465
Kōan

- _For other uses, see Koan_

The **kōan** (; ) are groupings of related questions and answers which are a paradox. The _kōan_ may be a story which cannot be understood or explained easily.

The _kōan_ can be a special kind of metaphor with a hidden meaning, such as "the sound of one hand clapping".

## History

_Kōans_ originate in the sayings and events in the lives of wise men and legendary figures.

A _kōan_ can refer to a story selected from Buddhist historical records and sutras.

The _kōan_ is a fundamental part of the history and practice of Zen Buddhism.

## Select examples

- "Firewood becomes ash and it does not become firewood again".
- "The verbal and the nonverbal are like vines clinging to a tree".

## Classical kōan collections

- _Blue Cliff Record_ or _Account of the Blue Montains_ ; , is a collection of 100 kōans compiled in 1125 by Yuanwu Keqin (圜悟克勤 1063–1135).
- _The Book of Equanimity_ or _Book of Serenity_ ;   is a collection of 100 Kōans compiled in the 12th century by Hongzhi Zhengjue (宏智正覺 1091–1157)
- _The Gateless Gate_ or the _Gate with no Entrance_ ;  is a collection of 48 kōans and commentaries published in 1228 by Chinese monk Wumen (無門 1183–1260). The title may be more accurately rendered as _Gateless Barrier_ or _Gateless Checkpoint_.

## Other websites

- The Gateless Gate 48 Zen kōans compiled in the early 13th century
- Book of Serenity  A collection of 100 kōans, originally compiled in the 12th century
- Life at the Monastery  – a humorous look at kōans
- Zen Buddhism Koan Study Pages
- Koan Collections and Studies
- Short Zen Poems, Koans – Collection of modern koans.
- Zen Koans: Transcending Duality – a list of kōans
- What is the sound of one hand clapping?
Facepalm

A **facepalm** (sometimes also **face-palm** or **face palm**) is when someone places their hand flat across their face or puts their face into their hand or hands. This gesture is found in many cultures. It can be done as a display of frustration, embarrassment, shock, or surprise.
Cinematic Sunrise

**Cinematic Sunrise** was an American rock band signed to Equal Vision Records. The members of the band were Craig Owens (vocals), Bradley Bell (piano), Bryan Beeler (guitar), Marcus VanKirk (bass), Nick Martin (guitar), and Dave Shapiro (drums). Their only released work, "A Coloring Storybook and Long Playing Record" included a coloring book and four colored pencils with the purchase of the EP. "Basically, the whole idea - everything about Cinematic Sunrise - is just happy and fun. And there's nothing more fun than coloring," explains vocalist Craig Owens about the decision to include the coloring book  with the EP.

## History

Owens and Bell were both in Chiodos at the time Cinematic Sunrise formed. The group differs majorly from Chiodos's post-hardcore sound, as Cinematic Sunrise plays more of pop rock and pop punk. The group's debut EP, titled _A Coloring Storybook and Long Playing Record_, was released on May 13, 2008. Beeler recorded, and produced the EP. The EP barely reached the Billboard charts, at #196. The EP also hit #8 on the Top Heatseekers chart. It also got to #26 on the Top Independent Albums chart. The EP was re-released in late October 2008, with two new songs. This was because they ran out of the original copies, selling past 10,000 copies.

## A Coloring Storybook and Long Playing Record

_A Coloring Storybook and Long-Playing Record_ is the first and only EP by the band Cinematic Sunrise, who is a side project of Chiodos' Bradley Bell and Craig Owens. The pair's pop rock project is all about having a good time and making music that is innocent and fun to play. The record was first released with four color pencils. These would be used in a book that includes drawings of animals with pictures of the band members hidden somewhere in the coloring page.

On October 14, 2008, Equal Vision Records re-released _A Coloring Storybook and Long-Playing Record_. The re-release includes two bonus tracks. They were titled "If Lilly Isn't Back by Sunset" and "Crossing Our Fingers for Summer".

### Track listing

Source: Amazon

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Cinematic Sunrise
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Detroit, Michigan, United States
- **genre**: Pop punk, emo, pop rock
- **years active**: 2006–2009
- **label**: Equal Vision Records
- **associated acts**: Chiodos, Isles & Glaciers, D.R.U.G.S., Underminded, The Sound of Animals Fighting
- **current members**: Craig Owens
Bryan Beeler
Marcus Van Kirk
Nick Martin
Bradley Bell (musician), Bradley Bell
Dave Shapiro
- **past members**: Vic Fuentes - Guitar
Eric Nicolau - Guitar


## Infobox (album)

- **name**: A Coloring Storybook and Long-Playing Record
- **type**: EP
- **artist**: Cinematic Sunrise
- **recorded**: Bryan Supreme Recording, Novi, MI
- **genre**: Pop rock
Emo
- **length**: 21:46
 27:51 <small>(Re-Issue)</small>
- **label**: Equal Vision Records, Equal Vision
- **producer**: Bryan Beeler
Ten'yō

was a  after _Kōji_ and before _Kyūan._  This period started in February 1144 and ended in July 1145. During this time, the emperor was .

## Events of the _Ten'yō_ Era

- **1144** (_Ten'yō 1, 7th month_): A comet was sighted in the sky.
- **1145** (_Ten'yō 1, 8th month_): The empress Taiken-mon In, mother of former-Emperor Sutoku died.
- **1145** (_Ten'yō 1_): The emperor went to Iwashimizu Shrine and to the Kamo Shrines.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Ten'yō|1st|2nd|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1144|1145|
Kōji (Heian period)

was a  after _Eiji_ and before _Ten'yō._  This period spanned the year from April 1142 through February 1144.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Kōji_ Era

- **1143** (_Kōji 2, 1st month_): Former Emperor Go-Toba, now known by the title Daijō Tennō or  or _Hōō_, visited his mother.
- **1143** (_Kōji 2, 5th month_): Emperor Konoe lived simply.  His main activities were praying at Tōdai-ji and praying at the temples on Mount Hiei.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Kōji|1st|2nd|3rd|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1142|1143|1144|
Eiji

is a common masculine Japanese given name.

Eiji can be written using different kanji characters which can mean:
- 栄治, "prosperity, peace"
- 英治, "great, peace"
- 英二, "great, second"
- 永次, "eternity, next"

## People

- Eiji Aonuma (英二, born 1963), Japanese designer and director of video games

- Eiji Toyoda (英二, born 1913), chairman of _Toyota Motor Corporation_

- Eiji Yoshikawa (英治, 1892–1962), Japanese historical novelist

- Eiji Kawashima Japanese National Football Team's Goalkeeper

## Other

- Eiji (永治),  Japanese era name (1141-1142)
Eiji (era)

was a  after _Hōen_ and before _Kōji._  This period started in July 1141 and ended in April 1142.  During this time, the emperors were  and .

## Events of the _Eiji_ Era

- **1141** (_Eiji  1, 3rd month_): Former Emperor Toba became a Buddhist monk at age of 27.

- **5 January 1132** (_Eiji 1, 7th day of the 12th month_): In the 18th year of Sutoku's reign, the emperor abdicated.  The succession (_senso_) was received by a younger brother.  Soon after, Emperor Konoe  accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (_sokui_). This was confirmed in ceremonies.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Eiji|1st|2nd|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1141|1142|
Civic Star

The **Civic Star** () is a French award.

It was established by the Académie française in 1930.

The star distinguishes those who contribute to the enrichment of the community, improvement of social life,and the progress of Humanity. It is particularly for those whose lives are of hard work, sacrifice and would remain unknown without this award. It is divided into four degrees: Bronze, Silver, Gold and Silver-gilt.

The star's motto is __ ('To honor the civic virtues - Serving national prestige').

## Infobox (military award)

- **name**: Étoile Civique
- **image**: Étoile Civique.jpg
- **caption**: Civic Star
- **awarded by**: Académie française
- **type**: Award with 4 degrees:
***Bronze***
***Silver***
***Gold***
***Silver-gilt***
- **for**: Distinguished contributions to the community, improvement of Interpersonal relationship, social life, progress of Humanity, through hard work, selflessness, and sacrifice.
- **status**: Currently awarded
- **established**: 1930
Augustana

**Augustana** may refer to:

In religion:
- The **Augustana**, or Augsburg Confession, which gives its name to several Lutheran institutions
- Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church, a Lutheran religious body from the 1860 until 1962

In education:
- Augustana Academy, a former educational institute in South Dakota, USA
- Augustana College (Illinois), a liberal arts college in Illinois, USA
- Augustana College (South Dakota), a liberal arts college in South Dakota, USA
- Augustana University College, a formerly Lutheran college in Alberta, Canada
- The University of Alberta Augustana Faculty of the University of Alberta, the present incarnation of the former Augustana University College after its merger with the University of Alberta
- Augustana Divinity School (Neuendettelsau), a divinity school of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria in Neuendettelsau, Germany

In music:
- Augustana (band), a rock band from California, USA
- Augustana (album), this band's third, self-titled album
Hōen

was a  after _Chōshō_ and before _Eiji._  This period started in September 1135 ended in July 1141. During this time, the emperor was .

## Events of the _Hōen_ Era

- **1136** (_Hōen 2, 3rd month_): The former-Emperor Toba hosted a grand dinner party.

- **1138** (_Hōen 4, 9th month_): Toba went to Mount Hiei, where he stayed for seven days.

- **2 May 1140** (_Hōen 6, 14th day of the 4th month_): The priests of the Buddhist temples on Mount Hiei joined together to burn down the Mii-dera.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Hōen|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1135|1136|1137|1138|1139|1140|1141|