juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Flag Tower of Hanoi

The **Flag Tower of Hanoi** () is a tower in Hanoi, Vietnam. It is one of the symbols of the city. It is part of the Hanoi Citadel, a World Heritage Site. The tower is  tall, not counting the flag.

## History

The tower was built in 1812. Unlike many other structures in Hanoi, it was not destroyed during the French administration (1896-1897). It was used as a military post. It is now in the Vietnam Military History Museum.

## Architecture

The building has three tiers (levels). The tower is pyramid-shaped. A spiral staircase inside leads to the top. There are 42 windows. Of the windows, 36 are shaped like flowers and 6 are shaped like fans. The National Flag of Vietnam is on top of the tower.

The words "" (English: "To welcome dawn's sunlight") are on the eastern door. The words "" ("To reflect light") are on the western door. The words "" ("Directed to the sunlight") are on the southern door.

## Other websites

- A description of the tower
- A photo of the tower
- Satellite photo at Google Maps
National Dinosaur Museum

The **National Dinosaur Museum** is a museum in Gold Creek Village, near Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. It has the southern hemisphere's largest permanent display of prehistoric items. The museum's exhibition shows the evolution of life, especially dinosaurs.

The museum is one of the most popular places to visit in the Australian Capital Territory. Each year, 100,000 people visit it.

The museum was established in 1993. Since then it has been steadily improved and updated. The earth science dinosaur-oriented displays are kept up to date with most recent discoveries in geology. Some of the museum's directors are local and international scientists and geologists. Major upgrades have were done in April and May 2012. Those included twelve new animatronic dinosaurs and many life size models both inside and outside the museum.

The museum has guided tours for school groups of all ages by appointment. It hosts birthday parties, "dance with dinosaurs" events for young children, private parties, corporate functions and dinosaur sleepovers during school holiday periods.

## Other websites

- National Dinosaur Museum
Oso, Washington

**Oso** is a census-designated place in Snohomish County, Washington, United States.
Darrington, Washington

**Darrington** is a town in Snohomish County, Washington.
Snohomish County, Washington

**Snohomish County** is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of 2020, its population was 827,957. The county seat is Everett.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Snohomish County
- **state**: Washington
- **ex image**: Everett, with Snohomish River.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Aerial view of the Snohomish River delta, including portions of Everett, Washington, Everett, Lake Stevens, Washington, Lake Stevens, and Marysville, Washington, Marysville
- **flag**: Flag of Snohomish County, Washington.svg
- **seal**: Seal of Snohomish County, Washington.svg
- **area codes**: Area code 206, 206, Area code 360, 360, Area code 425, 425, Area code 564, 564
- **founded date**: January 14
- **founded year**: 1861
- **named for**: Snohomish (tribe), the Snohomish people
- **seat wl**: Everett
- **largest city wl**: Everett
- **area total sq mi**: 2196
- **area land sq mi**: 2087
- **area water sq mi**: 109
- **area percentage**: 5.0
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 827957
- **density sq mi**: 384
- **district**: 1st
- **district2**: 2nd
- **district3**: 8th
- **time zone**: Pacific
- **web**: snohomishcountywa.gov
What would Reagan do?

**What would Reagan do?** (sometimes abbreviated **WWRD**) is a phrase that has become popular among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. It is based on _"What would Jesus do?"_.

It is used as the belief in what former United States President Ronald Reagan would do in modern day problems. Reagan was a model conservative leader whose philosophy and policies provide guidance and a good example for modern politicians.
Oswaldo Vigas

**Oswaldo Vigas** (4 August 1926 – 22 April 2014) was a Venezuelan painter and muralist. His work was in the form of Cubism. He was best known for winning the National Prize of Plastic Arts of Venezuela in 1952. He was born in Valencia, Carabobo.

Vigas died on 22 April 2014 in Caracas, aged 87.
Capsid

A **capsid** is the protein shell of a virus. It is made of several protein subunits. The observable 3-dimensional subunits are called 'capsomeres'. The capsid encloses the nucleic acid of the virus.

Capsids are broadly classified according to their structure. Some viruses, such as bacteriophages, have developed more complicated structures.  The icosahedral shape, which has 20 equilateral triangular faces, approximates a sphere, while the helical shape is cylindrical.  The capsid faces may consist of one or more proteins. For example, the foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid has faces consisting of three proteins called VP1–3.

## Viral envelopes

Most viruses (e.g. influenza and many animal viruses) have viral envelopes covering their protein capsids. This means the capsid is coated with a lipid membrane.

The envelope is got by the capsid from an intracellular membrane in the virus' host; such as the inner nuclear membrane, the golgi membrane, or the cell's outer membrane.

The envelope may help viruses avoid the host immune system. Glycoproteins on the surface of the envelope bind to receptor sites on the host's membrane. The viral envelope then fuses with the host's membrane This allows the capsid and viral genome to enter and infect the host.
Deon Jackson

**Deon Jackson** (January 26, 1946 – April 19, 2014) was an American soul singer, songwriter and educator. His best known songs were "Love Makes the World Go Round" (1966), "Love Takes a Long Time Growing" (1966) and "Ooh Baby" (1967). He was born Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Jackson died on April 19, 2014 at the age of 68.

## Other websites

- Deon Jackson at All Music
Carillon

A **carillon** is a musical instrument consisting of bells. Carillons are usually in bell towers, and are made up of at least 23 bells. (If there are less than 23 bells, the instrument is called a **chime**.) A church in Michigan, called Kirk in the Hills, has 77 bells, the most of any carillon.

The bells in a carillon are usually made to ring using a keyboard. It is similar to the one in a piano or organ, but is made up of wooden batons that are hit with closed fists instead of pressing them with fingers (see the picture on the left). Each baton is linked to a bell with a different pitch and makes it ring out. The bell with the lowest pitch is called the "bourdon", and many carillons have pedal keyboards for the largest bells. The instrument is very heavy, and the world's heaviest carillon, which is in a New York City church, weights 91 tonnes.

Not all carillons use a keyboard. Some of them are automated, meaning they play music without a human. They can be controlled using a clockwork mechanism, similar to the one in Big Ben, so that the music plays at certain times every day. Two examples of this kind of carillon are the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin and the Munttoren in Amsterdam. More recent carillons, such as the one in the Peace Tower in Ottawa, are computer-controlled.

## Other websites

- World Carillon Federation
- The Carillon. A history of the carillon with particular attention to the carillon and carillon music in the times of Johannes Vermeer.

## Infobox (instrument)

- **name**: Carillon
- **image**: Carillon Olympiapark Muenchen.jpg
- **background**: percussion
- **classification**: Percussion
- **hornbostel sachs**: 111.242.2
- **hornbostel sachs desc**: Sets of bells or chimes
Netherlands Carillon

The **Netherlands Carillon** is a carillon in the Arlington National Cemetery near Washington D.C., United States. The carillon was a gift to the American people for helping the Dutch people during World War II.

## Other websites

- the Netherlands Carillon in the National Park Service website
Thameslink

**Thameslink** is a route in the British railway system. It has 68 stations. It is  long. It runs north to south through London from Bedford to Brighton. It goes to London Gatwick Airport and London Luton Airport. It has a suburban loop that goes to Sutton and Wimbledon. On weekdays a suburban line goes through Catford and Bromley South to Sevenoaks. A peak service also runs between Wewlyn and Orpington. It opened as a through service in 1988. By 1998, it was very overcrowded, carrying more than 28,000 passengers in the morning peak. Almost all the services are currently operated by Thameslink.

## Other websites

- Official Thameslink Programme website
- Thameslink Programme - Network Rail

## Infobox (rail line)

- **box width**: auto
- **name**: Thameslink
- **image**: 700110 - London Blackfriars 3T13.JPG
- **image width**: 321px
- **caption**: A British Rail Class 700, Class 700 Thameslink and Great Northern, Thameslink train at Blackfriars station, Blackfriars
- **type**: Commuter rail, Suburban rail
- **system**: National Rail
- **status**: Operational
- **locale**: East of England
Greater London
South East England
- **start**: Bedford railway station, Bedford/Luton railway station, Luton/St Albans City railway station, St Albans
- **end**: Brighton railway station, Brighton/Sutton railway station (London), Sutton/
Cambridge railway station, Cambridge
- **stations**: 68 (additional stations at peaks)
- **routes**: 5
- **open**: 1988
- **owner**: Network Rail
- **operator**: Thameslink and Great Northern, Thameslink
- **depot**: Bedford Cauldwell Walk depot, Bedford Cauldwell Walk
Bedford Carriage Sidings
Cricklewood Depot, Cricklewood
Three Bridges Thameslink Up Depot, Three Bridges
- **stock**: British Rail Class 700, Class 700 _Siemens Desiro, Desiro City_
- **tracks**: 2–4
- **electrification**: 25 kV 50hz Alternating current, AC OHLE
750 Volt, V Direct Current, DC third rail
- **speed mph**: 100
- **speed**:  maximum
Lick Observatory

The **Lick Observatory** is an astronomical observatory. It is owned and operated by the University of California. It is on Mount Hamilton, in the Diablo Range just east of San Jose, California, USA. The observatory is managed by the University of California Observatories. Its headquarters is on the campus of University of California, Santa Cruz.

## Significant discoveries

The following astronomical objects were discovered at Lick Observatory:
- Several moons of Jupiter
    - Amalthea
    - Ananke
    - Elara
    - Himalia
    - Lysithea
    - Sinope (disputed)
- Near-Earth asteroid (29075) 1950 DA
- Several extrasolar planets
    - Quintuple planet system
        - 55 Cancri
    - Triple planet system
        - Upsilon Andromedae (with Whipple Observatory)
    - Double planet systems
        - HD 38529 (with Keck Observatory)
        - HD 12661 (with Keck)
        - Gliese 876 (with Keck)
        - 47 Ursae Majoris

## Issues

Due to its proximity to San Jose, light pollution and skyglow are an issue for the observatory. This was fine in the past, as San Jose used sodium ion bulbs, whose light were easy to filter out. However, due to safety concerns, LED lights which cannot be filtered out have been installed in San Jose. San Jose dims its lights when the observatory is active.

## References

- Vasilevskis, S. and Osterbrock, D. E. (1989) "Charles Donald Shane" _Biographical Memoirs, Volume 58_ pp. 489–512, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC,

## Other websites

- Lick Observatory
- Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive

## Infobox (observatory)

- **location**: near San Jose, California
Seattle Art Museum

The **Seattle Art Museum** (commonly known as "SAM") is an art museum in Seattle, Washington, USA. It has three major facilities. The first is the main museum in downtown Seattle. The second is the Seattle Asian Art Museum (SAAM) in Volunteer Park on Capitol Hill. The third is the Olympic Sculpture Park on the central Seattle waterfront.

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: Seattle Art Museum
- **image**: Seattle Art Museum 03.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **caption**: Old entrance of the Seattle Art Museum, built 1991 (before expansion in 2007 added a new main entrance).
- **map type**: Seattle WA Downtown
- **map caption**: Location within downtown Seattle
- **established**: 1933
- **location**: 1300 First Avenue, Seattle, Seattle, Washington
- **type**: Art Museum
- **collection**: 25,000
- **visitors**: 797,127 (2007)
- **director**: Kimerly Rorschach
- **publictransit**: University Street station
- **website**: [http://www.seattleartmuseum.org www.seattleartmuseum.org]
Jun Kasai

is a Japanese professional wrestler. He is best known for working with Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW). Kasai is known for wrestling in violent hardcore wrestling matches. He is nicknamed the _Crazy Monkey_. He has also worked for HUSTLE, Ice Ribbon, Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) and FREEDOMS.

## Championships

- **Apache Pro-Wrestling/Apache Army**
    - WEW World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Jaki Numazawa (one) and Tomoaki Honma (one))
- **Big Japan Pro Wrestling**
    - WEW Hardcore Tag Team Championship (one time) (with The W*NGer)
    - BJW Tag Team Championship (three times) (with Jaki Numazawa)
- **Ice Ribbon**
    - International Ribbon Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Miyako Matsumoto)
- **Combat Zone Wrestling**
    - CZW World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Men's Teioh)
    - CZW World Junior Heavyweight Championship (one time)
    - CZW Ultraviolent Underground Championship (one time)
- **Independent Wrestling Association East Coast**
    - Masters of Pain (2006)

## Other websites

- Cagematch profile

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Jun Kasai
- **image**: Jun Kasai on March 12 2009.JPG
- **caption**: Kasai after a deathmatch against Jaki Numazawa, Jaki the Black Angel Numazawa called "Madness of Massacre" on March 12, 2009
- **names**: **Jun Kasai**
Crazy Monkey
Ape The Man
Junko Kasai
Nazo Fukumen KJ
Son Goku
- **birth place**: Obihiro, Hokkaido
- **billed**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Hiladelhia, United States, America
- **debut**: August 23, 1998
Alfonso Márquez de la Plata

**Alfonso Márquez de la Plata Yrarrázaval** (19 July 1933 – 22 April 2014) was a Chilean politician, businessman and writer. He was Minister of Agriculture from 1977 until 1980. He was later the Ministry General Secretariat of Government from 1983 to 1984. He was born in Santiago.

Márquez died from pneumonia on 22 April 2014 in Santiago. He was 80.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alfonso Márquez de la Plata
- **image**: Alfonso Marquez de la Plata (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Alfonso Márquez de la Plata in 1983
- **nationality**: Chilean
- **occupation**: politician, businessman and writer
Arlene McQuade

**Arlene McQuade** (May 29, 1936 – April 21, 2014) was an American actress. She started acting in 1950. She was best known for playing Rosalie in _The Goldbergs_. She was born in New York City, New York.

McQuade died from Parkinson's disease on April 21, 2014 in Santa Fe, New Mexico. He was 77.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Arlene McQuade
- **image**: Arlene McQuade.jpg
- **caption**: McQuade as Rosalie Goldberg
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Santa Fe, New Mexico, Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S.
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1950–1970, 2009
Spring wheat

**Spring wheat** is a type of wheat. It grows in the spring. It is harvested in late summer or early autumn. In colder regions (higher latitudes), seeds can only be sown after winter is over. It contributes to 5% to 8% of the U.S wheat production.
Spring wheat is normally planted in the spring and come to flower and produce grain before the end of the growing season.
Bobbie Rosenfeld

**Fanny “Bobbie” Rosenfeld** (December 28, 1904 — November 14, 1969) was a Canadian athlete in the 1920s. She competed in basketball, hockey, softball, speed skating, tennis, and track and field. During her career, she won two Olympic medals in track and field. She was also the Canadian record holder for the standing broad jump, running broad jump, and discus.

In 1949, Rosenfeld was one of the first people to be given a place in the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame. In 1950, she was named Canada’s woman athlete of the first half-century (meaning 1900-1950) by the Canadian Press.Fanny is considered to be one of the most influential Canadian athletes of all time.

## Early years

Fanny Rosenfeld was born on December 28, 1903 in Dnipro, Russia. After Fanny’s birth, the Rosenfeld family moved to Barrie, Ontario. Rosenfeld’s athletic ability was first noticed during a 100-metre dash that she ran for fun in a small track and field meet in 1923. She came first in the race, beating Rosa Grosse, the Canadian champion.

## 1928 Olympics

Rosenfeld competed in the Olympics in Amsterdam in 1928. This was the first time that women were allowed to participate in track and field events at the Olympics. She was a member of the Matchless Six, the Canadian women’s track and field team. This team placed first in the 400-metre relay, won the gold medal, and became national heroes. Rosenfeld also won the silver medal in the 100-metre dash and placed fifth in the 800-metre race.

## Retirement from sports

Soon after the Amsterdam Olympics, Rosenfeld found out she had arthritis. This arthritis forced her to retire as an athlete in 1933, but she continued to be involved in sports as a coach and as a writer. In 1934, she coached the women’s track and field team for Canada. They competed at the British Commonwealth Games in London, England.

Starting in 1937, she wrote “Sports Reel”, a newspaper column in the _Globe and Mail,_ a Canadian newspaper_._ Through her writing, she continued to remind women that they were “people” and they could do anything they wanted, including sports.

## Death and legacy

Rosenfeld died on November 13, 1969. She was 65 years old. Her contributions are remembered in a number of ways.

The Bobbie Rosenfeld Trophy has given to a female athlete every year since 1978. In Israel, she was introduced into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1981. A park in downtown Toronto was named after her in 1991. In 1996, Canada Post honored her with a stamp. The Jewish Women’s Archive in the United States named Rosenfeld a Woman of Valour for 2000.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Bobbie Rosenfeld
- **image**: Ethel Smith Fanny Rosenfeld 1928 Olympics cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Fanny Rosenfeld at the 1928 Olympics
- **birth date**: December 28, 1904
- **birth place**: Dnipro, Ukraine
- **death date**: November 13, 1969 (aged 64)
- **death place**: Toronto, Canada
- **sport**: Athletics
- **show-medals**: yes
Clidastes

***Clidastes*** is an extinct genus of mosasaur from marine environments of the late Cretaceous. It was an agile and fast swimmer which cruised the surface or shallow waters hunting for prey.

_Clidastes_ was one of the smallest of the mosasaurs, averaging  in length, with the largest specimens reaching  long.
It had a delicate, slim form with an expansion near the tip of the tail. This enabled it to chase down the fastest of prey.
Nuclear membrane

The **nuclear membrane** (or _nuclear envelope_) is the membrane inside a cell around the nucleus.  It has the genetic material (chromosomes and DNA) and the nucleolus inside it. The membrane forms a double layer. It is connected to another group of membranes in the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum.

The membranes or envelope is a double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the chromosomes and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.

The nuclear membrane has thousands of **nuclear pores**. They are large hollow proteins about 100 nm across, with an inner channel about 40 nm wide. They link the inner and outer nuclear membranes.

During cell division, the nuclear membrane breaks down to allow mitosis to take place.
Target Corporation

**Target Corporation** is an American company with a chain of discount department stores based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. George Dayton started the company in 1902.

Target has 1,956 stores in the United States. Target entered the Canadian market in 2013 and left in 2015. Target's main competitors are Amazon and Walmart.

Target stores are more upscale and have higher quality products than other discount stores. Targets are also located in more cities and urban centers while Walmart stores are mainly in rural areas and suburbs.

## Products

- Groceries
- Men's, Women's, and Children's clothing
- Baby products
- Home essentials
- Furniture
- Toys and video games
- Beauty products
- Electronics
- Movies, music, and books
- Health and pharmacy
- Kitchen and dining

## Related pages

- Target Canada
Sir Bors the Younger

**Sir Bors** the Younger is a legendary character in the King Arthur stories. He is one of the Knights of the Round Table. His father, Bors the Elder, was the King of Gaunnes. Bors the Younger and his brother, Lionel, rebelled against Claudas' court. Before they were captured by Claudas, the boys were rescued by one of the Lady of the Lake's servants. They, alongside Jaxon, grew up to become skilled knights. They then joined King Arthur's Round Table. Along with Galahad and Percival, Bors was one of the three to witness the wonders of the Holy Grail.
Bors is more known for his loyalty and faithfulness than his swordsmanship. Bors was always loyal to King Arthur, even if it meant risking his own life. Bors could be considered almost fearless, due to him never being afraid to fight beside other knights! Bors was known for his great power and agility, due to the fact that he had once slain 3 vicious dragons with a slash of his sword.
Mark Shand

**Mark Roland Shand** (28 June 1951 – 23 April 2014) was a British travel writer and conservationist. Shand is known for having been Camilla, Queen Consort's brother. He was chairman of Elephant Family. It is a wildlife foundation. He was born in London, England. His other sister is Annabel Elliot (born 1949).

On 23 April 2014, it was reported that Shand had been taken to Bellevue Hospital in New York City and died after suffering a head injury when he fell over.
Michael Glawogger

**Michael Glawogger** (3 December 1959 – 23 April 2014) was an Austrian movie director, screenwriter, cinematographer and actor. His best known movies were _Megacities_ (1998), _Workingman's Death_ (2005) and _Whores' Glory_ (2011). He was born in Graz.

Glawogger died from malaria on 23 April 2014 during a movie production in Liberia. He was 54.
Turnover

**Turnover** might mean:
- A pastry
- In sports, when a ball goes from one team to another
- In business, the amount of money, goods or staff that move in a period of time.
Arrondissements of the Aveyron department

There are 3 **arrondissements in the Aveyron department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into _arrondissements_, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**).  The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into cantons and communes.

The arrondissements of the Aveyron department are:

1. Arrondissement of Millau, (subprefecture: Millau), with 97 communes.
1. Arrondissement of Rodez, (prefecture of the Aveyron department: Rodez), with 127 communes.
1. Arrondissement of Villefranche-de-Rouergue, (subprefecture: Villefranche-de-Rouergue), with 62 communes.

## History

Since its creation, the Aveyron department has had few changes:
- 1790 : creation of the Aveyron department with nine districts: Mur-de-Barrez, Saint-Geniez-d'Olt, Sévérac-le-Château, Millau, Saint-Affrique, Sauveterre, Villefranche, Aubin, Rodez; the capital was Rodez
- 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Rodez, Espalion, Millau, Saint-Affrique, Villefranche-de-Rouergue
- 1926 : the arrondissements of Espalion and Saint-Affrique are eliminated
Aveyron (river)

The **Aveyron** () is a river in southern France. It is a tributary of the Tarn river. The Aveyron department is named after this river.

## Geography

The Aveyron river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) has been observed from 1914 to 2017 in Piquecos, a _commune_ of the Tarn-et-Garonne department close to the city of Montauban near the confluence with the Tarn river. Its average yearly discharge at Piquecos is .

**Average monthly discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) at Piquecos**

### Course

The source of the Aveyron is in southern Massif Central, near the _commune_ of Sévérac-le-Château, in the Aveyron department, at an altitude of .

The Aveyron passes through the departments and towns of:
- Aveyron : Sévérac-le-Château, Laissac, Rodez, Villefranche-de-Rouergue, Najac
- Tarn : Penne
- Tarn-et-Garonne : Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val, Bruniquel, Montricoux, Nègrepelisse, Piquecos

The Aveyron river flows through 62 _communes_. Three _communes_ have the name of the river: Agen-d'Aveyron, Gaillac-d'Aveyron, Clairvaux-d'Aveyron.

Finally, it flows into the Tarn river to the nortwest of Montauban, between Lafrançaise and Villemade, in the Tarn-et-Garonne department, at  of altitude.

## Main tributaries

The main tributaries of the Aveyron are:

**Left tributaries**:
- Viaur -
- Cérou -
- Vère -
- Serène de Sanvensa -

**Right tributaries**:
- Alzou -
- Bonnette -
- Lère -
- Serre -

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France

## Other websites

- Banque Hydro - Station O5882510 - l'Aveyron à Piquecos

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Aveyron
- **image**: Belcastel (Aveyron) pont.jpg
- **image caption**: 15th-century bridge at Belcastel, Aveyron, Belcastel
- **map**: Aveyron (rivière).png
- **source1 location**: Massif Central
- **mouth location**: Tarn (river), Tarn
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: France
Rumford, Maine

**Rumford** is a town in Oxford County, Maine.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Rumford, Maine
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Congress Street Rumford Maine 5.JPG
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Congress Street in downtown Rumford
- **image map**: Map_of_Maine_highlighting_Rumford.png
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Location of Rumford, Maine
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Maine
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Maine, County
- **subdivision name2**: Oxford County, Maine, Oxford
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1782
- **established title1**: Incorporated (town)
- **established date1**: February 21, 1800
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 180.91
- **area land km2**: 177.54
- **area water km2**: 3.37
- **area total sq mi**: 69.85
- **area land sq mi**: 68.55
- **area water sq mi**: 1.30
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 5858
- **population density km2**: 33.0
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **area code**: Area code 207, 207
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
Robert Novak

**Robert David Sanders "Bob" Novak** (February 26, 1931 – August 18, 2009) was an American television journalist, writer and lawyer. He was a reporter for the _Wall Street Journal_ and the Associated Press before joining the _Chicago Sun-Times_ as an opinion political columnist along with Rowland Evans.

He, along with Evans began as a liberal supporter of John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Nelson Rockefeller but soon moved to the right. By 1964 he was supporting Barry Goldwater for president. He was born in Joliet, Illinois.

Novak was a host and political analyst for the Cable News Network beginning in 1980. In 1982 he and Rowland Evans began hosting _Evans & Novak_ on that network. (That program was later called _Evans, Novak, Hunt, & Shields_ after CNN contributors Mark Shields and Al Hunt joined the panel, and after Rowland Evans died, _Novak, Hunt, & Shields_.) He co-hosted Cable News Network's _Crossfire_. He was founder, executive producer, and co-host of _Capital Gang _on that network. He was fired by Cable News Network in 2005, partially as a result of an incident where he stormed off set after cursing at fellow CNN political analyst James Carville. He joined Fox News Network that year.

Novak died from brain cancer in Washington, D.C., aged 78.
Trust, but verify

**Trust, but verify** is a Russian proverb. It was used often in the text of nuclear disarmament during the Cold War era by Ronald Reagan and meant the United States can trust the Soviet Union, but they need to make sure they will not betray the United States.

## Related pages

- Distrust
Watford, Ontario

**Watford** is a small town between Sarnia, Ontario, and London, Ontario. It has 2 elementary schools, a library, and 5 different types of churches including Catholic, United, Trinity Anglican, and two others.
Forgot About Dre

"**Forgot About Dre**" is the second single off American rapper Dr. Dre's second studio album _2001_. The song was released in January 29, 2000 and features vocals from Eminem. The song won a Grammy Award for _Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group_ in 2001.

It was called a stand-out track by Stephen Thomas Erlewine. NME said of the song: "In case folks been smoking too much heavy 'chronic' lately, West Coast rap founder and scary legend Andre Young, aka Dr Dre, jogs their memories on 'Forgot About Dre'. "Who you think brought you the Eazy Es, Ice Cubes and DOCs, the Snoop- D-O-G-Gs and the group that said motherf-- the police?" yammers the one-time NWA lynchpin, ex Death Row playa, inventor of - G-Funk and occasional breaker of rival producers' jaws. Yo, indeed, big bad Dre's back and, despite a four-year gap since his last hardcore missive, the Doc's recent collaboration with Eminem on 'The Slim Shady LP' has kept his legend simmering." The song also won an MTV Video Music Award for _Best Rap Video_ in 2000.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Forgot About Dre
- **artist**: Dr. Dre featuring Eminem
- **album**: 2001 (Dr. Dre album), 2001
- **b-side**: "Still D.R.E"
- **released**: January 22, 2000
- **recorded**: 1999
- **length**: 3:42
- **composer**: * Dr. Dre, Andre Young
* Eminem, Marshall Mathers
* Melvin "Mel-Man" Bradford, Melvin Bradford
- **producer**: * Dr. Dre
* Melvin "Mel-Man" Bradford, Mel-Man
- **chronology**: Dr. Dre singles
- **prev title**: Still D.R.E.
- **prev year**: 1999
- **next title**: The Next Episode
- **next year**: 2000
Brenda's Got a Baby

"**Brenda's Got a Baby**" is the debut solo single by American rapper 2Pac. It was featured on his debut studio album _2Pacalypse Now_. The song also features vocals from Dave Hollister.

The song is about twelve-year-old girl named Brenda who lives in a ghetto, has a baby by her cousin, and is not able to support it. She runs away from home, becomes a prostitute and is murdered. The song explores the issue of underage pregnancy and the effect on both the young mothers and their families. Like many of Shakur's songs, it draws from the trouble of the poor. By using Brenda to represent young single mothers in general, Shakur criticises the lack of support from the father of the baby, the government, and society in general. He wrote the song after he read an article in the newspaper about a twelve-year-old girl who got pregnant by her uncle  and threw the baby in a trash compactor.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Brenda's Got a Baby
- **artist**: Tupac Shakur, 2Pac featuring Dave Hollister
- **album**: 2Pacalypse Now
- **released**: October 20, 1991
- **recorded**: 1991
- **genre**: Conscious hip hop, Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **length**: 3:55
- **chronology**: Tupac Shakur, 2Pac singles
- **prev title**: Same Song
- **prev year**: 1990
- **next title**: If My Homie Calls
- **next year**: 1991
If My Homie Calls

"**If My Homie Calls**" is the second single by American rapper 2Pac. It was featured on his debut studio album _2Pacalypse Now_. Shakur performed the song on MTV show _Yo! MTV Raps_ in 1992.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: If My Homie Calls
- **artist**: Tupac Shakur, 2Pac
- **album**: 2Pacalypse Now
- **released**: December 20, 1991
- **recorded**: 1991
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop
- **length**: 4:18
- **label**: * Interscope Records, Interscope
* Jive Records, Jive
- **writer**: Tupac Shakur
- **chronology**: Tupac Shakur, 2Pac singles
- **prev title**: Brenda's Got a Baby
- **prev year**: 1991
- **next title**: Trapped (2Pac song), Trapped
- **next year**: 1992
Trapped (Tupac Shakur song)

"**Trapped**" is a single by American rapper 2Pac. The song was featured on his debut studio album _2Pacalypse Now_. The song also features vocals from Shock G.

The song is about police brutality. Near the time that the music video was debuting, Shakur was assaulted by the Oakland Police Department when he swore at them for degrading his name and extending the issuing of a ticket sustained during a jaywalking incident.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Trapped
- **artist**: Tupac Shakur, 2Pac featuring Shock G
- **album**: 2Pacalypse Now
- **b-side**: "The Lunatic"
- **released**: September 25, 1991
- **recorded**: 1991
- **genre**: Political hip hop
- **length**: 4:44
- **label**: Interscope Records, Interscope
- **chronology**: Tupac Shakur, 2Pac singles
- **prev title**: If My Homie Calls
- **prev year**: 1990
- **next title**: Holler If Ya Hear Me
- **next year**: 1991
Louis Sullivan

**Louis Henry Sullivan** (September 3, 1856 - April 14, 1924) was an American architect. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Many people call him the creator of the modern skyscraper. Along with Henry Hobson Richardson and Frank Lloyd Wright, he is one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture. He was a critic at the Chicago School. Sullivan was also a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright. He died in Chicago. He is buried in Graceland Cemetery in Uptown, Chicago.
Holler If Ya Hear Me

"**Holler If Ya Hear Me**" is the first single off American rapper 2Pac's second studio album _Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z._. The song samples the songs "Do It Any Way You Wanna" by People's Choice and "Rebel Without a Pause" by Public Enemy.

The song is about frustrations with black poverty, police injustice, and Shakur's perceived harassment from political figure Dan Quayle.

The editor of _Vibe_ was quoted in TIME as stating that the song struck a chord with a large section of disaffected youth.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Holler If Ya Hear Me
- **artist**: Tupac Shakur, 2Pac
- **album**: Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z.
- **released**: January 29, 1993
- **recorded**: 1992
- **length**: 4:38
- **writer**: Tupac Shakur
- **prev title**: Trapped (Tupac Shakur song), Trapped
- **prev year**: 1992
- **next title**: I Get Around (Tupac Shakur song), I Get Around
- **next year**: 1993
Mundo Earwood

**Raymond** "**Mundo**" **Earwood** (October 13, 1952 – April 21, 2014) was an American country music singer-songwriter. His first album was released by Excelsior Records in 1981. His best known single, "Things I'd Do for You", reached the Top 20 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in 1978. He was born in Del Rio, Texas.

Earwood died from abdominal and pancreatic cancer on April 21, 2014 in Humble, Texas. He was 61.
Humble, Texas

**Humble** is a city in Harris County, Texas, United States. As of 2020, 16,795 people live in Humble.
Tadeusz Różewicz

**Tadeusz Różewicz** (9 October 1921 – 24 April 2014) was a Polish poet, dramatist and writer. He wrote poetry from 1947 until 2008. For his work he was awarded the European Prize for Literature in 2007 and a Griffin Poetry Prize in 2012.

Różewicz was born in Radomsko near Łódź. His brothers, Janusz and Stanisław, were also writers. Janusz was executed in 1944 during World War II.

Różewicz died on 24 April 2014 in Wrocław, aged 92.
Plating

**Plating** is a surface covering in which a metal is put on another metal surface. Plating has been done for hundreds of years, and it is important for modern technology.

Plating is used to decorate objects, prevent corrosion, to harden, to improve wearability, to reduce friction, to allow painting, to alter conductivity, and for other purposes. Jewelry typically uses plating to give a silver or gold finish. Objects can be plated with films as thin as a single atom, so plating finds uses in nanotechnology.

There are several plating methods, and many variations. In one method, a solid surface is covered with a metal sheet, and then heat and pressure are applied to fuse them (a version of this is Sheffield plate). Electroplating is a very common method.
Cassadee Pope

**Cassadee Pope** (born August 28, 1989) is an American country musician. She was the lead singer of the group Hey Monday. She started performing by herself in the early 2010s.

Her song "Wasting All These Tears" was released in 2013. It received favorable reviews.

Pope was born in West Palm Beach, Florida.
Hans Hollein

**Hans Hollein** (30 March 1934 – 24 April 2014) was an Austrian architect, designer, sculptor and architectural theorist. His best known works were: Museum für Moderne Kunst and Haas House. He was also the winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1985. He was born in Vienna.

Hollein died from pneumonia on 24 April 2014 in Vienna. He was 80.
Malappuram

**Malappuram** is a city in the southern Indian state of Kerala. It is 50 km southeast of Kozhikode, 90 km northwest of Palakkad and 140 km northwest of Coimbatore.

Malappuram is the headquarters of the district. In earlier times, it was the headquarters of European and British troops and later it became the headquarters of the Malabar Special Police (M.S.P).

The municipality has started kottakkunnu amusement park, a water theme park in the valley of kottakkunnu. It is well known for its greenery, making it a tourist spot.
Connie Marrero

**Conrado Eugenio Marrero Ramos** (April 25, 1911 – April 23, 2014), nicknamed **"Connie,"** was a former Cuban professional baseball pitcher. Marrero played for the Washington Senators from 1950 to 1954. At age 102, Marrero was the oldest living former Major League Baseball player at the time of his death. He was born in Sagua la Grande, Cuba.

Marrero died in Havana, Cuba from natural causes, aged 102.
Shobha Nagi Reddy

**Shobha Nagi Reddy** (16 November 1968 – 24 April 2014) was an Indian politician from Andhra Pradesh, India. She represented Allagadda in the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh for four terms until 2012 when she resigned due to political scandals in her party. Reddy was born in Allagadda, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Reddy died in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India in a car crash.  She was 45 years old.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Shobha Nagi Reddy
- **birth place**: Allagadda, Andhra Pradesh, India
- **death place**: Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
- **constituency**: Allagadda
- **office**: Member of Legislative Assembly
- **party**: YSR Congress Party
- **spouse**: Bhuma Nagi Reddy
- **children**: Two daughters, a son
Godzilla (1954 movie)

is a 1954 Japanese science fiction kaiju movie. It was produced by Tomoyuki Tanaka and was directed by Ishirō Honda. The movie was distributed by Toho. It was the first of many kaiju movies that would be released in Japan. The movie is about Godzilla, a giant mutated monster, terrorizing Japan.

The opening scene of the _Eiko Maru_ being obliterated by Godzilla's first attack and later scenes of survivors of other attacks being found with radiation burns, were inspired by the 1954 U.S. testing of a hydrogen bomb on Bikini Atoll.

It gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 94% Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

## Cast

- Akira Takarada as Hideto Ogata
- Momoko Kōchi as Emiko Yamane
- Akihiko Hirata as Daisuke Serizawa
- Takashi Shimura as Dr. Kyohei Yamane
- Fuyuki Murakami as Dr. Tanabe
- Sachio Sakai as Hagiwara
- Ren Yamamoto as Masaji
- Toyoaki Suzuki as Shinkichi (Masaji's younger brother)
- Tsuruko Umano as Shinkichi's mother
- Tadashi Okabe as Assistant of Dr. Tanabe
- Jiro Mitsuaki as Employee of Nankai Salvage Company
- Ren Imaizumi as Radio Officer Nankai Salvage Company
- Kenji Sahara as Partygoer
- Sokichi Maki as Chief at Maritime Safety Agency
- Haruo Nakajima as Godzilla, the King of the Monsters who was mutated by the radiation of the H-Bomb & a reporter
- Katsumi Tezuka as Godzilla (as Nakajima's Stunt Double) & Editor Yamada

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Godzilla
- **image**: Gojira 1954 Japanese poster.jpg
- **caption**: The 1954 Japanese movie poster
- **director**: Ishirō Honda
- **producer**: Tomoyuki Tanaka
- **screenplay**: Ishirō Honda
Takeo Murata
- **story**: Shigeru Kayama
- **music**: Akira Ifukube
- **starring**: Akira Takarada
Momoko Kōchi
Akihiko Hirata
Takashi Shimura
- **cinematography**: Masao Tamai
- **editing**: Kazuji Taira
- **distributor**: RKO
- **studio**: Toho
- **released**: November 3, 1954
- **runtime**: 96 minutes
- **language**: Japanese
- **budget**: $1,500,000
- **gross**: $2,250,000
Shaun Ross (model)

**Shaun Ross** is an American model. He is known for being the first male albino model. He has modeled for Alexander McQueen and Givenchy. Ross was on the _Tyra Banks Show_ in 2009. Ross is in the 2013 Beyoncé video "Pretty Hurts".

## Personal life

Ross is gay.
Barbourofelis

***Barbourofelis*** is an extinct genus of large, carnivorous, mammals. They were a type of saber-toothed cat.

The genus was found in North America during the Miocene to Pleistocene. They lived from 13.6  5.3 million years ago (mya), which is about 8.3 million years.

Its flattened saber teeth were protected by a bony flange from the lower jaw. It was a saber-toothed cat, but it was not a close relative of cats such as _Smilodon_.

_Barbourofelis_ has been difficult to classify. It was put in  the Nimravidae by Schultz (1970) and Martin (1998).
Hipparion

***Hipparion*** (Greek, "pony") is an extinct genus of horse that lived in North America, Asia, Europe, and Africa. This was during the Early Miocene to the Late Pleistocene ~23 million years to 780,000 years ago. They lived for a total of 22 million years. Female _Hipparions_ were more different from male _Hipparions_. This creature was preyed upon by famous predators such as _Smilodon_ and _Titanis_.

## Media

_Hipparion_ has appeared only in Wild New World and the novel The People that Time Forgot, during where in the novel, it was named Ace and called as a _Merychippus_, an ancestral horse. It appeared in the documentary stop motion series My Ancient World, where it was depicted as a white horse and the main prey item for the large terror bird _Kelenken_.
Owen Jones (writer)

**Owen Jones** (born 8 August 1984) is an English writer. Jones was born in Sheffield. He grew up in Manchester. He writes a column for _The Guardian_. His first book was published by Verso in 2011. It was chosen by the _New York Times_ as one of their Top 10 Non-fiction Books of 2011. His second book _The Establishment and How They Get Away With It_ was published in 2014. Jones lives in London.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Owen Jones
- **image**: Owen Jones, 2016 Labour Party Conference.jpg
- **image size**: 250x250px
- **caption**: Owen Jones in 2016
- **birth place**: Sheffield, England
- **alma mater**: University College, Oxford, University College, University of Oxford, Oxford
- **occupation**: Columnist, author
- **subject**: Working class, socialism, left-wing politics, trade unions
- **notableworks**: _Chavs: The Demonization of the Working Class_
Night (book)

***Night*** is a memoir by Nobel Peace Prize-winning author Elie Wiesel. It was published in 1982 in Yiddish, French, and English. The story is about Wiesel's survival and struggle during the Holocaust. The soup consumed by Wiesel was described as "[tasting] of death" in a memorable quote.

## Infobox (infobox)

- **child**: yes
- **label1**: English translators


## Infobox (infobox)

- **child**: yes
- **label1**: First translation
- **data1**: **1958**: _La Nuit_ (French language, French). Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit, 178 pages.


## Infobox (infobox)

- **child**: yes
- **label1**: Library of Congress Classification, LC Class
- **data1**: D811 W4823 1960 (Hill & Wang, 1960)


## Infobox (book)

- **infoboxwidth**: 300px
- **name**: Night
- **author**: Elie Wiesel
- **language**: English language, English
- **pub date**: **1956**: _Un di Velt Hot Geshvign_ (Yiddish language, Yiddish). Buenos Aires: Central Union of Polish Jews in Argentina, 245 pages.
- **english pub date**: **1960**: _Night_. New York: Hill & Wang; London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, MacGibbon & Kee, 116 pages.
- **isbn**: 978-0-8090-7350-4
- **isbn note**: (Stella Rodway translation. New York: Hill & Wang, 1960.)
  (Stella Rodway translation. New York: Bantam Books, 1982.)
  (Marion Wiesel translation. New York: Hill & Wang/Oprah Book Club, 2006.)
- **followed by**: Dawn (Wiesel novel), Dawn , Day (Wiesel novel), Day
The Gates of the Forest

***The Gates of the Forest*** is a book written by Nobel Peace Prize-winning author Elie Wiesel. It was published in Yiddish, French, and in English in 1966. It is about Judaism.
Charles Koch

**Charles de Ganahl Koch** (, ; born November 1, 1935) is an American businessman. Koch was born in Wichita, Kansas. His net worth is $41 billion per Forbes.com. He is number five on Bloomberg's Billionaires list. In 1980 he started the Charles Koch Foundation along with his brother David.
Simon Wiesenthal

**Simon Wiesenthal**, KBE (31 December 190820 September 2005) was an Austrian Holocaust survivor from Mauthausen concentration camp. He became famous after World War II for his work as a Nazi hunter, including Adolf Eichmann. Wiesenthal was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985.

Wiesenthal died in Vienna, Austria from natural causes, aged 96.

## Other websites

- Photo Gallery: The Legacy of Simon Wiesenthal by _Der Spiegel_
- _New York Times_ obituary
- BBC News obituary
- _The Art of Remembrance: Simon Wiesenthal_ - documentary by Hannah Heer and Werner Schmiedel
Florida, Missouri

**Florida** is a village in Monroe County, Missouri. It is the birthplace of writer Mark Twain.
Ma Barker

**Arizona Donnie Barker** (also **Kate Barker** or **Ma Barker**; October 8, 1873 – January 16, 1935) was an American gangster. She was born in Ash Grove, Missouri. She ran the Barker gang.

On January 16, 1935, Barker and her son, Fred, were killed by federal agents in Ocklawaha, Florida.

The song "Ma Baker" refers to the life and crime of Ma Barker.
Alexander Imich

**Alexander Imich** (February 4, 1903 – June 8, 2014) PhD, was a Polish-born American chemist, parapsychologist, and supercentenarian. He was the president of the Anomalous Phenomena Research Center in New York City. He was born in Częstochowa, Poland (then a part of Russian Empire) in 1903. He was of Jewish descent.

At age 111, Imich was the world's oldest living man since the death of Arturo Licata on April 24, 2014. He was one of the few supercentenarians known for reasons other than longevity.

He died on June 8, 2014 peacefully at 9:03 AM from natural causes at the age of 111.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alexander Imich
- **birth date**: February 4, 1903
- **birth place**: Częstochowa, Congress Poland, Russian Empire
- **death date**:
(aged )
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York
- **occupation**: parapsychology, parapsychologist, Chemist, retired chemist
Redding, Connecticut

**Redding** is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut.
Elaine of Corbenic

**Elaine of Corbenic** is a legendary character in the King Arthur stories. She and Lancelot are the parents of Galahad. She is the daughter of King Pelles. Pelles sent Elaine to have a son with Lancelot, who would then be named Galahad. Galahad later retrieved the Holy Grail to heal Pelles from a sickness. Queen Guinevere was angry with Lancelot for having a son with Elaine, so she said that she never wanted to see him again. Lancelot went mad with despair, so Elaine used the Holy Grail to heal him.