juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Saint-Jean-de-Rives

**Saint-Jean-de-Rives** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Saint-Jean-de-Rives
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: St John church in St-Jean-de-Rives 05.jpg
- **caption**: The church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste in Saint-Jean-de-Rives
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Saint-Jean-de-Rives-A (Tarn).svg
- **arrondissement**: Castres
- **canton**: Les Portes du Tarn
- **insee**: 81255
- **postal code**: 81500
- **mayor**: Jean Sendra
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Tarn-Agout
- **elevation min m**: 95
- **elevation max m**: 207
- **area km2**: 6.02
Saint-Jean-de-Vals

**Saint-Jean-de-Vals** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.
Saint-Juéry, Tarn

**Saint-Juéry** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.
Uranium zirconium hydride

**Uranium zirconium hydride** (abbreviated UZrH), is a type of nuclear fuel. It is used in TRIGA (Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics) educational reactors. It is not a true chemical compound, but an alloy of uranium, zirconium, and hydrogen.

UZrH fuel is used in most educational and research reactors as a result of its material properties making it difficult for it to melt and nearly impossible for it to sustain a high temperature reaction.

Franco-Belge de Fabrication du Combustible, in Romans-sur-Isère, France, is the only manufacturer of this fuel.

## References

<references responsive="1"></references>

## Other websites

- Technical Foundations of TRIGA: Thermalization In Zirconium Hydride
- http://nrc.wsu.edu
Nicole Holliday

**Nicole Holliday** is an American socio-phonetician and Assistant Professor in the Department of Linguistics and Cognitive Science at Pomona College in Claremont, California.  Holliday received her Ph.D. in linguistics from New York University, and her BA in linguistics and Spanish from The Ohio State University. She is also Chair of the Linguistic Society America’s Committee on Ethnic Diversity in Linguistics.

## Career

Holliday’s studies focus on different ways people use language to show their identities. Do they use language that is common with a racial or cultural group? Is their language fancy, saying they have many years of education? When someone speaks, what do other people assume about them because of their words? She is especially interested in language and racial identification. Her Ph.D. dissertation focused on how people with one black parent and one white parent use variation in language to form their own identities.
Ella Mae Lentz

**Ella Mae Lentz** is a deaf American poet, author, and advocate. She is the author of the _Signing Naturally_ textbook for American Sign Language. This book was very popular for learning ASL. She also created _The Treasure_, a video poetry collection that included lessons in ASL poetry.

Lentz was born in Berkeley in the mid-1950s to deaf parents. She graduated from the California School for the Deaf in 1971. She went on to study at Gallaudet University, where she discovered her interest in ASL. She was also awarded the Kappa Gamma Poetry Award from Gallaudet University. She was interested in theater and drama.

Lentz decided not to study Drama and instead studied English.  She worked at Northeastern University as a research assistant. She was on “Silent Perspectives” in 1974. In 2007, she formed _ASL Presents_. She has currently done hundreds of presentations about ASL in the US.
Mary Kawena Pukui

**Mary Abigail Kawenaulaokalaniohiiakaikapoliopelekawahineaihonua Pukui (née Wiggin)** (born April 20, 1895, died May 21, 1986 ) was a native Hawaiian who worked to preserve her language and culture. She was born in Hale Ola (her grandmother's home, House of Life), in Hāniumalu Hill, Ka'ū (in the village of Nā'ālehu) on the island of Hawai'i. Pukui was an author, historian, scholar, and teacher widely credited for enabling the Hawaiian Renaissance of the 1970s.

## Early life

Pukui was the biracial daughter of Pa'ahana Kanaka'ole and Henry Nathaniel Wiggins. She married Kaloli Pukui, adopted two girls, and had one other daughter herself. Her relationship with her daughters helped preserve and pass on hula and the Hawaiian language. Her grandmother raised her Hanai style until she was nine. She was taught traditional skills, religion, and language. Pukui grew up with hula because of her grandmother, who was a Hawaiian court dancer. Her grandmother inspired her to honor her heritage and culture.

## Career

Pukui was recognized as one of Hawaii's “Living Treasures” in 1976 and was twice honored with awards from the Hawaii Book Publishers Association. She is a Nobel Peace Prize nominee for literature and honorary doctorates. She wrote over 50 books and more than 150 songs, like “Place Names of Hawaii” and the definitive “Hawaiian-English Dictionary”. Pukui worked at the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum and worked on preserving and expanding the Hawaiian language and culture. Her recordings of the language and videos of hula help provide connections for the new generation.
Barbara Liskov

**Barbara Liskov** (born November 7, 1939) is an American computer scientist and professor. She developed two programming languages, CLU and Argus. They are used in almost every modern programming language. She earned the Association for Computing Machinery's (ACM) Turing Award.

## Early life

Barbara Liskov was born in Los Angeles, California. She got her BA in mathematics at UC Berkeley. After she graduated in 1961, she went to work at the Mitre Corporation. After a year, Liskov moved to Harvard and worked on computer translation of human languages.  In 1968, she moved back to California and received her PhD in computer science at Stanford University.

## Career

Liskov went to work at the Mitre Corporation, in Bedford, Massachusetts. She worked on computer design and operating systems. During that time, she created the Venus Computer, which was specially created to support complex software. In 1971, she took a position at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where she started her work with data abstraction. She thought of writing computer code like doing a math problem, not a technology problem. She wanted to use logic and have the language look beautiful. She developed two programming languages, CLU and Argus. They are used in almost every modern programming language. She later published _Abstraction and Specification in Program Development_ (1986) and _Program Development in Java: Abstraction, Specification, and Object-Oriented Design_ (2001). In 2008, Liskov won the A.M. Turing Award.
Jean Berko Gleason

**Jean Berko Gleason** (born December 18, 1931) is an American researcher; she studies how children learn language. She is considered the founder of "experimental developmental psycholinguistics," doing experiments to understand how children figure out how language works and how to use it.

## Early life

Gleason was born on December 19, 1931 in Cleveland, Ohio. Her older brother had cerebral palsy. Other people had trouble understanding him when he talked. Her brother’s condition gave her an interest in language.

Gleason started her career with studying many languages, but then gained an interest in psycholinguistics. She went to college at Radcliffe. She studied linguistics. Gleason completed a linguistics Master's Degree, also at Radcliffe. She has a ph.D in linguistics and social psychology at Harvard.

## Career

Gleason studied how children learn language. She created the Wug Test in 1958. The Wug helps understand how young children understand and learn languages. She developed cards with pictures of imaginary objects and activities. For example, she shows a picture of one imaginary animal and says: "This is a wug." She then shows children a picture with two of the same imaginary animal and asks: "These are two....?" and listens to how children complete the sentence. Have they learned that we say: "one wug, two wugs"?

Gleason was a professor at Boston University.
Casey Miller

**Casey Miller** (Feb 26, 1919 – January 5, 1997) was an American feminist and writer. She was born in Toledo, Ohio, USA. Miller went to Smith College and studied philosophy. After college, she was a lieutenant in the navy during WWII and worked as a cryptographer and code breaker. She led the publication department for Colonial Williamsburg. She also worked as the curriculum editor for Seabury Press. Later on, she began to work on trying to change the use of "he," "him," and "his" in the English language to talk about all genders. She also tried to change other ways the English language sounded like it only talked about men, like using the word "mankind" and "Congressman." Miller and her partner, Kate Swift, wrote many books like “_The Handbook of Nonsexist Language._” Her wish was that English words would treat men and women equally. Miller wanted English speakers to use “tey”, “tem” and “ter” when the speaker did not know someone's gender, instead of using "him" for all people. She died from chronic obstructive lung disease.
Sile O'Modhrain

**Sile O’Modhrain** is a blind Irish professor and Braille innovator.  She makes musical and digital interfaces more tactile, meaning they can be felt with fingers, instead of seen or heard.  O'Mondhrain teaches at the University of Michigan in the School of Music, Theater, and Dance.

## Early life

O’Modhrain studied for a master’s degree in music technology from the University of York. She  worked for BBC Network Radio as a studio engineer. She could edit by feeling recording tape with her fingers. The BBC changed to digital editing and O'Modhrain could not do her job anymore. She then went on a scholarship to Stanford University. She studied at the Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics. She got her PhD. Then O’Modhrain went to teach at the Sonic Arts Research Centre at Queen's University Belfast.   Dr. O’Modhrain then directed the Palpable (feel-able) Machines group at Media Lab Europe.

## Career

Dr. O’Modhrain now teaches Performing Arts Technology at the School of Music, Theatre, and Dance at the University of Michigan. Dr. O’Modhrain is unable to access certain things seeing people can. She decided to find a way to help blind people “feel” certain untranslatable things. She has now gone on to design tablets that pop out Braille (like little air bubbles). Dr. O’Modhrain also is inventing a moose (an extension to a computer’s mouse). The moose allows people to control their computer through touch. She is working on an iMessaging system allowing you to send touch. Dr. O’Modhrain is also working on developing other tactile interfaces that show physical gestures and feelings.
Kwon Ki-Ok

**Kwon Ki-Ok** was a Korean activist, pilot, and winner of the Merit for National Foundation.  Kwon was born in Pyongyang, South Pyongan on Jan,11th 1901.

## Early Life

Kwon was born in Pyongyang, South Pyongan on Jan,11th 1901.

Kwon joined a secret society that wanted Korean independence called "송죽회”. Kwon played a big role in the March. 1 Movement by secretly copying the Korean anthem. Kwon was caught giving Kim Jae-Duk a pistol and was sentenced to jail for 6 months. She went to Shanghai, China after her release for Hongdo Girl's Middle School and later went to Unnam Military School.

## Career

She learned to fly a plane in under 9 hours at Unnam Military Aviation School. Japanese authorities tried to have her assassinated by paying a Korean male peer but failed. Kwon continued to be a pilot for 10 more years at the Chinese Air Force. Kwon returned to Korea in 1949 and became the first female publisher in 1966. Kwon received a  presidential citation in 1968, and Order of Merit for the National Foundation, National Medal in 1977. She died on April 19, 1988.
Polypedates megacephalus

The **Hong Kong whipping frog**, **hourglass whipping frog**, **hour-glass marked tree frog**, **spot-legged tree frog**, **Haut Sanuk frog**, **yellow tree frog**, **northern tree frog**, or **big-headed tree frog** (_Polypedates megacephalus_) is a frog.  It lives in Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos, China, and Hong Kong. People have seen them between 80 and 2000 meters above sea level.

This frog can live in many different types of places, for example farms and rice paddies. The female frog lays eggs in ponds or rice paddies. She lays them on grass or in a nest made out of mud.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place and because it can live in places that humans have changed.
Philosophy of history

***Philosophy of history*** is a branch of philosophy that looks at history, from a philosophical perspective. Voltaire, a French philosopher introduced the term. History is not random. People influence it with their decisions. It follows a plan. There are five large epochs:
- From antiquity, up to about the 17th century people thought that history is fixed, and planned. Usually, this plan is called _divine providence_, and attributed to a deity.
- In the 18th century, the Church loses a lot of influence. Philosophers such as Giambattista Vico or Immanuel Kant believe that the End of history is part of history itself. The meaning of history is determined by humans out of causality. Reason and Ideas people give themselves influence it. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, proclaimed in France,of 1789 marks a new era: The state becomes secular. People speak about "Men", "the State", or "History" as universals. Important thinkers of the Age of Enlightenment are called Lumières (literally: lights).
- In the 19th century, ideas become more formalized. there are doctrines: The Idealism of Hegel, Historical materialism of Marx, Positivism of Auguste Comte, Social Darwinism of Herbert Spencer are just a few. Nihilists such as Friedrich Nietzsche and people like Albert Camus criticize these ideas, towards the end of the century.
- In the 20th century, the Historical method becomes even more important. People like Wilhelm Dilthey try to understand history, rather than explain it. Modern philosophers try to combine the ideas of Hegel, Marx and Comte with those of people that were before. Marxists split into a reformist and a revolutionary branch. Ideas talked about are if there is technological change, and how it happens. Some people are critical about new technologies. From about 1979, people talk about Postmodernity.
- At the start of the 21st century, ideas are no longer about people "thinking history", but about their "natural intelligence" as a whole.
Idaho Steelheads

The **Idaho Steelheads** are an American professional ice hockey team. They began playing in 1997 in the West Coast Hockey League (WCHL). The team now plays in the ECHL. They play their home games in Boise, Idaho at Idaho Central Arena. They are the ECHL affiliate for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL). They are also the affiliates for the Texas Stars of the American Hockey League (AHL).

In 2003, the WCHL would end up going out of business. The league and the surviving teams in the league, including the Steelheads, would join the ECHL.

On October 17, 2003, the Idaho Steelheads would play their first game in the ECHL. They would be defeated by the Las Vegas Wranglers 5–3.

The team would be successful in their first season in the league. They finished with 40 wins, 23 losses, and 89 points and would make it all the way to the Kelly Cup finals. They would win their first Kelly Cup after defeating the Florida Everblades four games to one. In the 2006–07 season, the Steelheads would once again make it to the Kelly Cup Finals. They would win their second Cup when they would defeat the Dayton Bombers four games to one.

The Steelheads and the Dallas Stars are affiliates. The Steelheads were formerly the affiliates of the Phoenix Coyotes.
Marine Corps Prepositioning Program-Norway

The MCPPN are stockpiles of United States Marine Corps weapons, vehicles, ammunition, equipment, and other supplies in Norway that have been located there since 1981. This materiel is stored in caves surrounding the city of Trondheim.
War reserve stock

A **war reserve stock** is a collection of materiel held in pre-positioned storage to be used in warfighting situations.

## United States

The United States maintains many war reserve stocks around the world, mainly in its ally countries.
Mike Mentzer

**Mike Mentzer** (November 15, 1951June 10, 2001) was an American IFBB professional bodybuilder, businessman and author.

Mentzer was born in Pennsylvania. He started bodybuilding when he was 11 years old. He won several amateur bodybuilding competitions before turning professional in 1979, including the 1976 Mr. America title and the heavyweight division of the 1978 IFBB Mr. Universe. In late 1979, he won the heavyweight class of the Mr. Olympia, but lost in the overall to Frank Zane. In the 1980 Mr. Olympia he placed fourth in a tie with Boyer Coe behind Arnold Schwarzenegger, Chris Dickerson and Frank Zane.

## Infobox (bodybuilder)

- **name**: Michael John Mentzer
- **birth place**: Germantown, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death date**: June 10, 2001 (aged 49)
- **death place**: Rolling Hills, California, U.S.
- **height**: 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)
- **weight**: 225 pounds (102 kg)
- **firstproshow**: International Federation of BodyBuilders, IFBB Southern Pro Cup
- **firstproshowyear**: 1979
- **bestwin**: IFBB Mr. Olympia heavyweight champion
- **bestwinyear**: 1979
Sacca (Venice)

A **Sacca** (Italian for Sack or Bag) is an inlet, bay, or cove along a canal. It is usually in the context of the Venetian Lagoon; the word Sacca is used when talking about bays, inlets, and coves in canals in the Venetian Lagoon.

An example is the _Sacca della Misericordia_, in the district of Cannaregio in Venice. It is now used as a dock for boat storage.

These coves have been often used as deposits of gunk coming from canal excavation and crushed-up building material. This has formed artificial islands. Examples of this are Sacca Sessola, Sacca Fisola, and Sacca San Biagio.
UPC Switzerland

**UPC Switzerland** is a Swiss television provider.

UPC Switzerland broadcast over
language provider satellite for channels of French, German and Romansh.

## History

UPC Switzerland was founded in 1994, which beguns cable channel, IPTV and such as others

On May, 23 2022, UPC Switzerland is begin closed and defunct.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: UPC Switzerland
- **logo**: UPC logo.svg
- **predecessor**: Sunrise Communications
- **type**: Television provider
- **owner**: Sunrise Communications
- **fate**: Closed
- **products**: Satellite, IPTV, Provider, Cable channel
A Different Beat (song)

"**A Different Beat**" is a 1996 song by Irish boy band Boyzone and is the title track to their second studio album _A Different Beat_. It went to number 1 in the United Kingdom and Scotland, number 2 in Ireland, number 42 in Australia and number 36 in Iceland.

## Track listings

- **UK CD1 and Australian CD single**
1. "A Different Beat" (radio edit) – 3:34
1. "Angel" – 3:45
1. "A Different Beat" (remix) – 6:10

- **UK CD2**
1. "A Different Beat" (radio edit) – 3:34
1. "Angel" – 3:45
1. "Key to My Life" (live at Wembley) – 4:12
1. "A Different Beat" (remix) – 6:10

- **UK cassette and European CD single**
1. "A Different Beat" (radio edit) – 3:52 (3:24 on European CD)
1. "Angel" – 3:45

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: A Different Beat
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Boyzone
- **album**: A Different Beat (Boyzone album), A Different Beat
- **b-side**: Angel
- **length**: 3:34
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor
- **writer**: Ronan Keating, Stephen Gately, Shane Lynch, Keith Duffy, Martin Brannigan, Ray Hedges
- **producer**: Ray Hedges, Trevor Horn
- **prev title**: Words (Bee Gees song), Words
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: Isn't It a Wonder
- **next year**: 1997
Tulsa Oilers

The **Tulsa Oilers** are an American professional ice hockey team. They began playing in 1992 in the Central Hockey League (CHL). The team now plays in the ECHL. They play their home games in Tulsa, Oklahoma at BOK Center. They are the ECHL affiliate for the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL). They are also the affiliates for the San Diego Gulls of the American Hockey League (AHL).

During their time in the CHL, the Tulsa Oilers would win one Ray Miron Cups. They would win the Cup in 1993, becoming the very first winners of the Cup. They defeated the Oklahoma City Blazers four games to one.

In 2014, the CHL would end up going out of business. In October 2014, the Oilers, Allen Americans, Brampton Beast, Missouri Mavericks, Quad City Mallards, Rapid City Rush, and Wichita Thunder would all be accepted as new teams in the ECHL.

On October 24, 2014, the Tulsa Oilers would play their first game in the ECHL. They would be defeat the Allen Americans 9–6.

On July 1, 2020, the Oilers and the Anaheim Ducks announced their affiliation. The Oilers were formerly affiliates of the Winnipeg Jets and St. Louis Blues.
Canal+ Cinéma(s)

**Canal+ Cinema(s)** is a French television channel launched in April, 27 1996.

## History

**Canal+ Jaunes** was launched on 1996, it broadcast films, in Canal+, thought it's available on CanalSatellite on cable.

On June 28 2002, **Canal+ Jaunes** applied to the CSA to obtain frequency into TNT.

On 1 November 2003, as a creation of **Canal+ Bouquet**, the channel changed name into Canal+ Cinéma, The application is approved and the CSA assigned the frequency on the Multiplex R3 DTT from where it is begins the issue in early 21 November 2005.

On October 12, 2010, **Canal+ Cinéma(s)** available a high-definition channel.

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Canal+ Cinéma(s)
- **logo**: Logo C+CINÉMA(S).jpg
- **country**: France
- **area**: France
Switzerland
Africa
- **sister channels**: Canal+ Kids
Canal+ Sport
Canal+ Décalé
Canal+
Canal+ Séries
- **terr serv 1**: TNT
- **terr chan 1**: Channel 43
Utah Grizzlies

The **Utah Grizzlies** are an American professional ice hockey team. They began playing in 1992 in the Central Hockey League (CHL). The team now plays in the ECHL. They play their home games in West Valley City, Utah at Maverik Center. They are the ECHL affiliate for the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL). They are also the affiliates for the Colorado Eagles of the American Hockey League (AHL).

The team first started in 1981 as the Nashville South Stars in the Central Hockey League (CHL). They would last a year before moving to Vinton, Virginia to become the Virginia Lancers as a part of what would become the East Coast Hockey League (ECHL). Throughout the years, the name would go through many different names including the Roanoke Valley Rebels from 1990 until 1992, Roanoke Valley Rampage from 1992 until 1993, Huntsville Blast from 1993 until 1994, Tallahassee Tiger Sharks from 1994 until 2001, Macon Whoopee from 2001 until 2002, and the Lexington Men O' War 2002 until 2003.

The Utah Grizzlies name was also used for a team in the International Hockey League (IHL) and American Hockey League (AHL) from 1995 until 2005.

On October 21, 2005, the Utah Grizzlies would play their first game in the ECHL. They would be defeat the Phoenix Roadrunners 4–2.

On June 28, 2018, the Grizzlies and the Colorado Avalanche announced their affiliation. The Oilers were formerly affiliates of the New York Islanders, Calgary Flames, and Anaheim Ducks.
Sky Fox

The **Sky Fox** (Chinese: 天狐_)_ or the **Celestial Fox**, is a divine creature found in East Asian stories. When a fox spirit reaches 1,000 years old and grows its ninth tail, it becomes a golden-colored sky fox, the most powerful form of the fox spirit, and goes up to the heavens. In its celestial form, it can see thousands of kilometers ahead.

Legend says there are three ways for a fox to gain wisdom. First, it might accidentally swallow valuable treasures. Second, it could find a peaceful place to grow spiritually. Third, it could learn from a Taoist monk or master to develop special abilities.

## Mythology

The stories of foxes with many tails come from ancient China. A book called _Xuanzhongji_ from the Jin dynasty tells that when a fox turns fifty, it can change into a woman. At one hundred years old, it can become very wise and know things happening far away. People might get confused by its kindness and charm. When it reaches one thousand years old, it becomes a Sky Fox.

There are three ways for a fox to become wise. First, it might accidentally swallow valuable treasures. Second, it could find a peaceful place to grow spiritually. Third, it could learn from a Taoist monk or master.

Every one hundred years, a big event happens. If a fox can handle it well, it grows a new tail. Only a few foxes reach the stage of having nine tails. When a fox is one thousand years old, it becomes a Thousand-Year Heavenly Fox and gets recognized by the Heavenly Court.

The Youyang Zazu talked about the Sky foxes being connected to the divine; he says that these foxes have nine tails and are golden in color. They work in the Palace of the Sun and Moon. They have their own special talisman and a ritual. They can go beyond yin and yang.

In Japan during the Edo period, Tenko foxes were thought to be the highest rank. They were ranked as tenko, kūko, kiko, and yako. There was also a belief that tenko and tengu, a kind of mythical creature, were the same.

In some places like Fushimi Inari-taisha and Ojika, Nagasaki, foxes are worshipped as divine messengers. They are believed to have special powers, like divination.

## Related pages

- Wuzhiqi
- Simurgh
- Phoenix
Wichita Thunder

The **Wichita Thunder** are an American professional ice hockey team. They began playing in 1992 in the Central Hockey League (CHL). The team plays in the ECHL. They play their home games in Wichita, Kansas at Intrust Bank Arena. They are the ECHL affiliate for the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL). They are also the affiliates for the San Jose Barracuda of the American Hockey League (AHL).

During their time in the CHL, the Wichita Thunder would win two Ray Miron President's Cups. Their wins would be in back-to-back seasons in 1994 and 1995. In 1994, they would defeat the Tulsa Oilers four games to zero. In 1995, they would defeat the San Antonio Iguanas four games to two.

In 2014, the CHL would end up going out of business. In October 2014, the Thunder, Allen Americans, Brampton Beast, Missouri Mavericks, Quad City Mallards, Rapid City Rush, and Tulsa Oilers would all be accepted as new teams in the ECHL.

On October 25, 2014, the Wichita Thunder would play their first game in the ECHL. They would be defeated by the Allen Americans 5–3.
Piring dance

The **Piring dance** (Jawi: **تاري ڤيريڠ**), also called the **Plate dance**, is a dance from West Sumatra, Indonesia. People also dance it in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. In this dance, dancers can be women, men, or couples. The dancers hold plates in both hands and move them quickly in different ways.

## Dance

The dance shows how well the dancers can balance and move the clay plates without dropping or breaking them. Sometimes, they put candles on the plates. A Piring dance with candles is called _Tari lilin_ or candle dance version. Dancers hold the plates at the bottom and swing them fast to keep them from falling.

While dancing, the performers tap their plates with a ring on their fingers, making musical sounds. The dance is done this way to welcome guests and honor elders at traditional events. Along with other traditional dances like _randai_ and _saman_, the Piring dance is also popular at festivals outside Indonesia.

At the end of the dance, they often break the plates on the floor and dance on them. Usually, there is an odd number of dancers, as few as three or as many as seven.

Dancers wear bright clothes, mostly in red and yellow, and headgear. Musicians play music on the talempong and saluang instruments. The music starts slowly and then speeds up.

## History

This dance comes from Solok, West Sumatra in Indonesia. According to the old stories, the Piring dance was done for fertility. It is also a traditional art with lots of beauty and deep cultural meaning. People used to perform this dance to thank the gods after the farm plants grew well so that there was enough food. During this ritual, the dancers would carry offerings like food on plates and move around with lively steps.

After Islam came to the Minangkabau region, people did not dance the Piring dance for gods. Instead, they danced it because it is fun to watch at public events and festivals.

## Musical instruments

There are different musical instruments used in Minangkabau culture and during the Piring dance:

- **Talempong pacik:** This instrument is made of copper and brass. It's called "pacik" because the musician holds it while playing. There are three types:
    1. _Talempong jantan_
    1. _Talempong betina_
    1. _Talempong Pangawin_
- **Pupuik rice stem:** This instrument originally produces a single tone. By adding holes to the rice stems, it can create unique rhythms, similar to a flute.
- **Gandang (Minang drum):** The Minang term for drum is "gandang." While its shape is similar to drums in other regions, like Malay or Javanese, the way it's played varies. In Minang, the beat depends on the type of song.
Dabke

**Dabke** (Arabic: **دبكة**) is a traditional folk dance in the Middle East.  It started in the Levantine region that includes Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Syria. The word "Dabke" comes from the Levantine Arabic word "dabka", which means "punching of the feet" or "to make a noise". It involves repeated pattern of movement or sound. It is performed in a group by men or women, mostly at weddings, celebrations, and cultural events. Dabke is a important part of the cultural heritage of these countries. Cultural heritage festival is a celebration where people come together to show and celebrate their History and action or way of behaving that is common among them. It brings people together and make them enjoy their shared identity and joy.

## History

Dabke dance has a old history that dates back centuries in the Levantine region of the Middle East, especially in countries such as Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria. It started as a traditional folk dance among group of people living in these mountainous areas. Palestinians who study and document traditional ways of celebrations like Abdul-Latif Barghouthi and Awwad Sa'ud al-'Awwad believe that the jumps in dabke dance might have started long ago in ancient Canaanite rituals. These rituals were about helping the crops to grow, scaring away the bad spirits, and keeping the plants safe.

## Variations

The dance involves rhythmic stomping of the feet _(to walk with heavy steps)_, organised movements, and energetic footwork. It has both the circle dance and line dancing. Dabke is mostly performed along with traditional music, including drums, flutes, and other instruments. The movements of the line are led by a _laweeh_. Laweeh is a dancer who stand in the front and starts the changes in line formation. He is then followed by a group of singers.

Dabke is performed indoors as well as outdoors, on a stage or sometimes just on the ground. The dance has different steps called belbel, inzel, shemmel, etc. People do a mix of these steps, along with some jumps and turns, to complete the dance.

Different types of dabke can be found across different regions and communities. In Lebanon, _Dalouna_ is the most common type of dabke. It has six beats and is usually joined by a minjeira (flute) or mizmar (copper flute) and darbuka (goblet drum). Jordanian dabke often features slower, more calculated movements, reflecting the country's Bedouin history.

Despite these differences, dabke is a cultural symbol and popular practice that unites people who have grown up in the Levant.

## World records

On 7 August 2011, a group in the Lebanese village of Dhour El Choueir set a new world record. Organized by the Dhour El Choueir Summer Festival, a human chain of 5,050 was made and currently holds the world record in the Guinness Book of World Records.

## Other websites

- Palestinian Dabkeh performed in London
Gabriela Rodríguez de Bukele

**Gabriela Roberta Rodríguez de Bukele** (born 31 March 1985) is a Salvadoran educator and prenatal psychologist serving as the first lady of El Salvador since 2019 as the wife of President Nayib Bukele. She is also a professional ballet dancer and is part of the dance company Fundación Ballet de El Salvador.

Rodríguez was born in San Salvador. She holds a doctorate in prenatal psychology and founded PrePare, the first center for prenatal teaching in El Salvador, in October 2010. She married Bukele in 2014 and served as Secretary for Women during his tenure as mayor of San Salvador from 2015 to 2018, when she helped to create projects supporting women's rights and culture. Rodríguez founded the San Salvador Ballet group during her time as Secretary for Women in San Salvador.

## Early life

Gabriela Roberta Rodríguez Perezalonso was born on 31 March 1985 in San Salvador, the capital of El Salvador. She is the youngest of four daughters and her husband has claimed she has Sephardic Jewish ancestry.

Her father is José Roberto Rodríguez Trabanino, a Salvadoran investor, while her mother, Arena Perezalonso de Rodríguez, is a Nicaraguan who served as a member of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in El Salvador. She showed an interest in ballet at an early age and joined the dance company Fundación Ballet de El Salvador.

## Career

Rodríguez holds a doctorate in prenatal psychology, and is the first person in El Salvador with that title. She founded PrePare in October 2010, the country's first center of prenatal teaching, of which she is the director. Rodríguez is also the regional representative to the Association For Prenatal And Perinatal Psychology And Health (APPPAH).

## Personal life

Rodríguez is a professional ballet dancer and part of the dance company Fundación Ballet of El Salvador. She began dating Bukele in 2004 and they married on 6 December 2014 in a private ceremony in El Boquerón, San Salvador. She announced her pregnancy days before Bukele won the presidential elections. Their child was born in August 2019. The couple's second child was born in November 2023.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gabriela Rodríguez de Bukele
- **image**: Gabriela Rodríguez in 2019 (Gabriela Rodríguez de Bukele) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2019
- **office**: First Lady of El Salvador
- **president**: Nayib Bukele
- **term label**: Assumed role
- **term**: 1 June 2019
- **predecessor**: Margarita Villalta de Sánchez
- **birth name**: Gabriela Roberta Rodríguez Perezalonso
- **birth place**: San Salvador, El Salvador
- **party**: Nuevas Ideas
- **children**: 2
University of Edinburgh School of History, Classics and Archaeology

The **University of Edinburgh School of History, Classics and Archaeology** is a school of the University of Edinburgh and the university's College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (CAHSS). It has three divisions: history, classics, and archaeology. There are approximately 600 graduate students and 1500 undergraduate students.

## Notable people

- Gordon Brown – former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

## Journal

- _Journal of Lithic Studies_
Olly Alexander

**Oliver Alexander Thornton** (born 15 July 1990), better known as **Olly Alexander**, is an English singer and actor from Harrogate. He was the lead singer of the band Years & Years from 2010 to 2021. He continued releasing music under the name 'Years & Years' until 2023.

Alexander has also made several television appearances including performing the lead role in the Channel 4 series _It's a Sin._ He represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "Dizzy", finishing 18th with 46 points.
Enterprise, Nevada

**Enterprise**  is an unincorporated town in the Las Vegas Valley in Clark County, Nevada, United States. 221,831 people lived here at the 2020 census. This is up from 108,481 people at the 2010 census. It was founded on December 17, 1996.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Enterprise, Nevada
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated town
- **image skyline**: EnterpriseNVfromSouthernHighlands.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: The eastern portion of Enterprise and the Las Vegas Strip as seen from the foothills of Southern Highlands, Nevada, Southern Highlands
- **image map**: Clark County Nevada Incorporated Areas Enterprise highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Enterprise in Clark County, Nevada
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Nevada
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Nevada, County
- **subdivision name2**: Clark County, Nevada, Clark
- **government type**: Advisory Board
- **leader title1**: County Commissioner
- **leader name1**: Justin Jones – District F
- **leader title2**: County Commissioner
- **leader name2**: Michael Naft – District A
- **leader title3**: Board Chair
- **leader name3**: Joseph Throneberry
- **established title**: Founded
- **founder**: Clark County Commission
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 170.94
- **area land km2**: 170.94
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 66.00
- **area land sq mi**: 66.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 221831
- **population density km2**: 1297.73
- **population density sq mi**: 3361.13
- **timezone**: PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 778
- **elevation ft**: 2552
- **postal code**: 89113,89118, 89119, 89123, 89139, 89141 89183
- **area code**: Area codes 702 and 725, 702 and 725
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 32-23770
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1867345
- **website**: [https://www.clarkcountynv.gov/government/departments/administrative_services/town___liaison_services/enterprise_tab.php Enterprise Town Advisory Board]
Spring Valley, Nevada

**Spring Valley** is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States. 215,597 people lived here at the 2020 census. This is up from 178,395 people at the 2010 census. Spring Valley was founded in May 1981.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Spring Valley, Nevada
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated town
- **image skyline**: SpringValleyNevada1.JPG
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: Spring Valley, as seen from the Spanish Hills community, 2016. The Las Vegas Strip is in the background.
- **image map**: Clark County Nevada Incorporated Areas Spring Valley highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Spring Valley in Clark County, Nevada, Clark County, Nevada
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Nevada
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Nevada, County
- **subdivision name2**: Clark County, Nevada, Clark
- **government type**: Advisory Board
- **leader title**: Commissioner
- **leader name**: Michael Naft (Democratic Party (United States), D)
- **established title**: Founded
- **founder**: Clark County Commission
- **named for**: Spring Mountains
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 91.96
- **area land km2**: 91.96
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 35.51
- **area land sq mi**: 35.51
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 215597
- **population density km2**: 2344.51
- **population density sq mi**: 6072.30
- **timezone**: PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 721
- **elevation ft**: 2365
- **area code**: Area codes 702 and 725, 702 and 725
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 32-68585
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1867350
Saint-Julien-du-Puy

**Saint-Julien-du-Puy** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.
Saint-Julien-Gaulène

**Saint-Julien-Gaulène** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.
Saint-Lieux-lès-Lavaur

**Saint-Lieux-lès-Lavaur** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Saint-Lieux-lès-Lavaur
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Chemin de Fer Touristique du Tarn (8451518086).jpg
- **caption**: The Chemin de Fer Touristique du Tarn, Tarn Light Railway
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Saint-Lieux-lès-Lavaur (Tarn).svg
- **arrondissement**: Castres
- **canton**: Les Portes du Tarn
- **insee**: 81261
- **postal code**: 81500
- **mayor**: Gilles Cormignon
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Tarn-Agout
- **elevation min m**: 95
- **elevation max m**: 136
- **area km2**: 9.54
Saint-Marcel-Campes

**Saint-Marcel-Campes** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.
Saint-Martin-Laguépie

**Saint-Martin-Laguépie** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.
Saint-Michel-de-Vax

**Saint-Michel-de-Vax** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.
Saint-Michel-Labadié

**Saint-Michel-Labadié** is a commune. It is in Occitanie in the Tarn department in south France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Saint-Michel-Labadié
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Saint-Michel-Labadié (Tarn).svg
- **arrondissement**: Albi
- **canton**: Carmaux-1 Le Ségala
- **insee**: 81264
- **postal code**: 81340
- **mayor**: Fabienne Chazottes
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Val 81
- **elevation min m**: 262
- **elevation max m**: 573
- **area km2**: 9.78
Salvador, Lanao del Norte

**Salvador** is a municipality in the province of Lanao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, 32,115 people lived there.
Beerichthys

***Beerichthys** **ingens*** is an extinct, prehistoric louvar from the Ypresian London Clay fauna of Eocene England. It is known from incomplete skulls.

## Related pages

- List of prehistoric bony fish genera
Saman dance

The **Saman dance** or **Dance of a thousand hands**, is an old dance. The Gayo people from Aceh province in Indonesia dance this dance. People dance it during special festivals or holidays like Mawlid, the Prophet Muhammad's birthday. The dance is a way to share Islamic teachings and do _Dawah_ (telling other people about Islam).

Saman is the most popular type of dance in Indonesia. The dance has a fast rhythm. The dancers move at the same time. In Saman, dancers clap their hands and chests. This is important in Saman and it makes the dance easier to learn.

In 2011, UNESCO said Saman is an important part of Aceh's culture. UNESCO added Saman to its list of intangible cultural heritage, or things that are important to a group of people even though they cannot be touched. The ASEAN Tourism association also gave the dance an award for keeping cultural heritage alive.

## Name

The word _Saman_ comes from Sheikh Saman, a famous Islamic teacher from Gayo in Aceh. He learned about old Malay things like _Ratib_; which is Sufi song-speaking. Then he made the dance to show Islam to new people in Gayo. The Saman dance uses Islamic poems in the Gayo language.

## Dance

The Saman dance has no musical instruments. It used to be only men who did this dance, but now women dance it too. They sing and move in interesting ways while they dance. A short song, then a short dance, can last for about 15 to 20 minutes.

In Saman dance, the dancers stand in a line on a stage and sit in a special way. Then, a singer starts singing. The song can be about Gayo and Islamic things. The dancers move their hands in time with the song. A dancer called "Sheikh" leads the other dancers. As the dance goes on, the dancers start moving their arms, heads, and bodies too. The dance becomes faster, and sometimes the dancers change how they are sitting. Every dancer moves at the exact same time so their movements look smooth. The first Saman dance from _Gayo Lues_ does not use any musical instruments.

While they dance, everyone says Islamic poetry together. The dancers are usually young men wearing traditional Gayonese clothes. Sometimes, the dance is like a contest between two groups, with each group trying to do the same moves, dances, and songs as the other group.

## Infobox (intangible heritage)

- **image**: Penari Saman Aceh.jpg
- **caption**: A group of dancers in Indonesia performing Saman.
- **ich**: Saman dance
- **state party**: Indonesia
- **criteria**: Performing Arts, Oral Tradition, Traditions and Customs, Knowledge of Nature, and Traditional Craftsmanship
- **id**: 00509
- **region**: APA
- **year**: 2011
- **session**: 6th
- **list**: Need of Urgent Safeguarding
Everus

**Everus** is a Chinese manufacturer of passenger cars, and then electric crossovers based in Guangzhou, operating since 2008. The brand belongs to a Sino-Japanese joint venture between GAC Group and Honda.

## History

In 2008, joint venture **Guangqi Honda** between the Chinese car company GAC Group and the Japanese Honda decided to create a new brand, Everus, with the Chinese. The study announcement of the branch's first vehicle was the Li Nian Concept prototype in the form of a crossover presented in 2008 at the Guangzhou Auto Show, and two years later a second concept car was presented in the form of a 4-door sedan.

In April 2011, Everus presented the first production car in the form of urban sedan S1 developed as a twin to the Honda City. The model was sold exclusively on the Chinese market until 2014, after which the company temporarily disappeared from the market due to the lack of new products.

The announcement of Everus' return to the market, this time under a completely new form of the electric cars brand, was the Everus EV Concept study presented in April 2018 at the Beijing Auto Show. In November of the same year, a serial version of the model was presented, which was a twin design of Honda HR-V called Everus VE-1.

### Everus S1

The S1 was the first concept car available for sale. It is a replica of the 4th generation Honda City sedan, which was launched in April 2011.

### Everus VE-1

This is an ultra-compact electric CUV based on Honda Vezel, which was previously previewed as the Everus EV concept car.The car was jointly developed by Honda and GAC Honda. It is equipped with a 53.6 kilowatt-hour lithium-ion battery (NCM622) in the European new driving cycle, with a cruising range of . It is driven by an electric motor with a power of , the torque is .

## New Concept Car

The EV SUV concept car made its debut at the 2018 Beijing Auto Show.

## Infobox (brand)

- **logo**:
- **name**: Everus (Li Nian)
- **currentowner**: GAC Honda
- **origin**: People's Republic of China
- **introduced**: April 2008
- **markets**: People's Republic of China