juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Carcharhinidae

**Carcharhinidae**, also known as the **requiem sharks**, is a family of sharks in the order Carcharhiniformes.

There are currently 60 species of requiem sharks which are grouped into 12 genera. Some of the most familiar species in this family are the lemon shark, the blue shark, the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the whitetip reef shark.

Requiem sharks are found in temperate and tropical oceans, and many species are worldwide. Some live in the open ocean (oceanic whitetip shark), while some live in freshwater rivers and lakes (bull shark).

All species of requiem sharks have a head of normal shape. Their eyes have a nictitating (winking) membranes. They have caudal fins with the upper lobe being larger than the lower but not very long, two spineless dorsal fins, the first one usually much larger than the second in most of the Atlantic species, an anal fin, a caudal peduncle which doesn't have lateral keels, and sharp, bladelike teeth with a single cusp.

Almost all species of requiem sharks have a similar diet of fish, octopus, marine mammals and seabirds. Since they look similar, it is usually hard to tell one species from another.

## Evolutionary history

The oldest member of the family is from the early Cretaceous of France. Only a few examples of the group are known from before the beginning of the Cenozoic. Modern carcharinid sharks have extensively diversified in coral reef habitats.

## Genera

thumb|right|250px|A [[lemon shark]]
thumb|right|250px|A [[tiger shark]]
thumb|right|250px|A [[blue shark]]
thumb|right|250px|A [[whitetip reef shark]]

There are 12 genera in the family **Carcharhinidae**:
- _Galeocerdo_
- _Scoliodon_
- _Carcharhinus_
- _Glyphis_
- _Lamiopsis_
- _Nasolamia_
- _Negaprion_
- _Prionace_
- _Rhizoprionodon_
- _Loxodon_
- _Isogomphodon_
- _Triaenodon_
Springfield Model 1855

The **Model 1855 Springfield** was a rifled musket used in the mid-19th century. This is a type of musket that was used to fire long-range shots, before the enemy could get close enough. It was produced by the Springfield Armory in Massachusetts, United States.
Narcissistic parent

The term **narcissistic parent** refers to parents who are affected by narcissism. They are almost exclusively close to and possessive about their children. The parents are especially envious regarding their child growing to independence. In other words, narcissistic parents often feel senses of losses when their children grow to adulthood. The parents carry self-esteem problems and extreme needs regarding how others may look at or regard them. Children are often punished very strongly if narcissistic parents are not responded to in adequacy. The behavior of such parents is not flexible, and they have an inability to admit to their own fault or feel sympathy and empathy.
Leptospira

***Leptospiras*** are long, thin motile spirochaetes. They may be free-living or parasitic. They survive well in fresh water, soil, and mud in tropical areas. They have been studied at the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Molecular taxonomic studies at CDC and elsewhere have identified 13 named and 4 unnamed species of pathogenic leptospires. Leptospirosis causes a wide range of symptoms, and some infected persons may have no symptoms at all. Symptoms of leptospirosis include high fever, severe headache, chills, muscle aches, and vomiting, and may include jaundice (yellow skin and eyes), red eyes, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or a rash.
Helicopter parent

**Helicopter parents** are those who hover over their children, cosseting them
and overseeing their entire lives.

The terminology began appearing around 1969. It was not until late 2002 or 2003, however, that the term became very popular via media and cell phone use. This was at exactly the same time the millennials begin turning 18 and moving into college. The rising of mobile phones is often blamed for the rise of helicopter parent-style teaching over the years. The phone enables the mother to keep in touch at all times, which was almost impossible before. What caused most notice was parents following up children as far as college and early employment. Sports coaches, college teachers and employers have had the experience of parents turning up to complain and argue in support of their children.
Clostridium

***Clostridium*** is a genus of bacteria. _Clostridium_ bacteria are obligate anaerobes, which means they do not need oxygen to grow.

_Clostridium_ bacteria are shaped like rods. The name "_Clostridium_" comes from the Greek word _kloster_ (κλωστήρ), which means "spindle."

_Clostridium_ bacteria are gram-positive and can produce endospores.

## Important species

There are many different species of _Clostridium_ bacteria. Some of these species can cause serious illness.

### _Clostridium botulinum_

_Clostridium botulinum_ bacteria make a toxin called botulinum. When botulinum toxins get into food or wounds, they cause botulism, a dangerous disease. Botulism can paralyze the muscles (stop the muscles from moving or working). People can die from botulism if their breathing muscles get paralyzed. This makes them unable to breathe.

Most cases of botulism happen because people eat meat that was not cooked well enough, or eat canned food that was not canned properly.

If babies under age one eat natural honey, they can get infant botulism. Most adults and older children can eat natural honey without getting sick. In healthy people, the intestines are filled with good, healthy bacteria. Usually, these regular bacteria keep _Clostridium botulinum_ under control. Infants do not have enough of these good bacteria to be able to eat honey safely.

Sometimes doctors use botulinum toxins to treat medical problems. There are medicines, like Botox, which contain botulinum toxin. Some people get Botox treatments when they have wrinkles in the face. When it is injected into the forehead, Botox paralyzes the muscles in the face, and makes the face look smoother.

### _Clostridium difficile_

_Clostridium difficile_ bacteria can cause bad diarrhea and serious illness. Usually, people get _Clostridium difficile_ infection after they have taken antibiotic medicines. These medicines can kill the healthy bacteria that normally live in the intestines and keep _Clostridium difficile_ bacteria under control. _Clostridium difficile_ infection can be spread from person to person, and is getting more common in hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care facilities. Just in the United States, 14,000 people die every year from _Clostridium difficile_ infection.

_Clostridium difficile_ is an antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This means that many antibiotic medicines cannot kill the bacteria. This makes _Clostridium difficile_ infection difficult to treat.

### _Clostridium tetani_

_Clostridium tetani_ causes tetanus. Usually, people get tetanus when they get a cut or wound, and _Clostridium tetani_ bacteria get into the wound. At first, tetanus causes the muscles in the jaw to spasm (tighten). (Tetanus is often called "lockjaw" because the jaw muscles spasm so badly that the jaw seems "locked.") This can make it difficult to swallow. As tetanus gets worse, other muscles in the body get stiff and spasm.

Tetanus immunization can keep people from getting tetanus.
Gram-positive

**Gram-positive bacteria** are those that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining. This is in contrast to gram-negative bacteria, which cannot hold the _crystal violet_ stain. Instead they take up the counterstain (_safranin_ or _fuchsine_) and appear red or pink.

The difference is caused by the cell wall structure. Gram-positive organisms have thick peptidoglycan layer. This protects them, so they do not need rigid cell walls. On the other hand, gram-negative bacteria have thin, insignificant peptidoglycan layers, so they do need rigid cell walls for support and protection.

## Related pages

- Gram-negative
- Gram staining

## Other websites

- 3D structures of proteins associated with plasma membrane of Gram-positive bacteria
- 3D structures of proteins associated with outer membrane of Gram-positive bacteria
- Gram Staining Procedure and Images
Minigun

The **M134 Minigun** is an American 7.62x51mm six-barreled machine gun. Its rate of fire is 3000 to 4000 rounds (bullets) per minute. It is called "mini" as compared to the earlier, much bigger M61 Vulcan.

In movies and video games, the Minigun is sometimes called the chaingun, but this is a mistake. The chaingun is completely different and has only one barrel.

## Other websites

- 1985 Patent of a Minigun
Ron Moody

**Ron Moody** (born **Ronald Moodnick**; 8 January 1924 – 11 June 2015) was a British actor, composer, singer and writer. He was known for his roles in _Murder Most Foul_ (1964), _Summer Holiday_ (1963), _Oliver!_ (1968), and in _The Twelve Chairs_ (1970). He won a Golden Globe Award for his role in _Oliver!_ in 1968.

## Biography

Moody was born on 8 January 1924 in Tottenham, London, England. He was raised in Hornsey, England. Moody studied at Southgate County School and at London School of Economics. His father was of Russian Jewish descent and his mother was a Lithuanian Jew. Moody married Therese Blackbourn in 1985. They had six children.

Moody died at a hospital in London, England on 11 June 2015 from natural causes, aged 91.

## Other websites

- Ron Moody's Official Charitable website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ron Moody
- **image**: Ron Moody.jpg
- **caption**: Moody in 1975
- **birth name**: Ronald Moodnick
- **birth place**: Tottenham, Middlesex, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **alma mater**: London School of Economics
- **years active**: 1952–2012
- **children**: 6
Abdul Basit 'Abd us-Samad

Qari **Abdul Basit 'Abd us-Samad** (1927 – 30 November 1988; ) was a well known Qari (reciter of the Quran). As such, many modern reciters try to copy his style. He is the only Qari to have won three world Qirat competitions in the early 1970s. 'Abd us-Samad was one of the first Hafiz to make commercial recordings of his recitations, and the first president of the newly formed Reciters' Union in Egypt. He is best known for his recitation of Sura Al-Fatiha, the first chapter of the Qur'an, and an important sura in the five daily Islamic prayers. Basit's eldest son; Tarek Abd us-Samad is currently also a well-known Qari in Egypt.

## Early life

Abdul Basit was born in a village called Armant, in southern Egypt, to a middle-class Upper-Egyptian family. In 1950, he came to Cairo where Muslims in many mosques were touched by his recitations. On one happening, he was reciting verses from Sura al-Ahzab (The Confederates) he was requested to recite for longer than 10 minutes by his audience, and continued to recite for over an hour and a half, his listeners were captured by his mastery of pitch, tone and the rules of tajweed (Qur'anic recitation).

## Travels

'Abd us-Samad travelled outside Egypt, in 1961, he recited at the Badshahi Masjid, in Lahore, Pakistan. In 1987, whilst on a visit to America, 'Abd us-Samad related a story from one trip he made to the Soviet Union, with then Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser.

'Abd us-Samad was asked to recite for some leaders of the Soviet party. 'Abd us-Samad remembered that four to five of his listeners from the Communist Party were in tears on hearing the recitation, although they didn't understand what was being recited, but they cried, apparently touched by his recitation.

Indira Gandhi, an Indian prime minister and political leader always felt touched by his recitation and would stop alongside to appreciate his recitation.

'Abd us-Samad died on 30 November 1988, and is survived by his three sons (from oldest to the youngest): Yasir, Hisham, and Tariq. Following his father's footsteps, Yasir has also become a "Qari".

## Other websites

- Abdul Basit Abdul Samad
- Golestane Quran
- Everymuslim
- Nice Quran Recitation Website
- Abdul Basit Abdul Samad
Fokker D.XXI

The **Fokker D.XXI** is a single-engine fighter aircraft designed and built by Fokker in 1935. It was used by the Dutch Air Force in World War II against Luftwaffe. Slower and less maneuverable than the German fighters as Messerschmitt Bf 109 most of them were quickly destroyed.Denmark and Finland also used this aircraft in the war.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: Fokker D.XXI
- **image**: File:Fokker_D.XXI_(1).jpg
- **caption**: **Fokker D.XXI**.


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Fighter aircraft
- **national origin**: Netherlands.
- **manufacturer**: Fokker
- **first flight**: 1936
- **introduction**: 1938
- **status**: Out of service
- **number built**: 148
General Dynamics–Grumman EF-111A Raven

The **General Dynamics / Grumman EF-111 Raven** is a twin-turbojets military aircraft. Its main mission was jamming enemy radar, including those of the anti-aircraft defense. It was designed and built in the United States, and flown only for the U.S. Air Force. It was used in the last years of Cold War and for the Yugoslavia's war NATO operation in 1995. It stopped being made in 1998.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: General Dynamics / Grumman EF-111 Raven
- **image**: File:EF-111A_Raven.jpg
- **caption**: **General Dynamics / Grumman EF-111A Raven**  in flight.


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Electronic warfare aircraft
- **national origin**: USA
- **manufacturer**: General Dynamics & Grumman.
- **first flight**: 1977
- **introduction**: 1981
- **status**: Out of service.
- **primary user**: US Air Force.
- **number built**: 42
Fouga CM-170 Magister

The **Fouga CM-170 Magister** is a French military aircraft. Designed and built as a training aircraft, it was also a light atack aircraft. It was built under licence in Belgium, Finland and Germany. The Fouga CM-170 Magister was used by many air forces in the world: Algeria, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Biafra, Brazil, Cambodia, Cameroon, El Salvador, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Katanga, Khmer Republic, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Nicaragua, Rwanda, Senegal, Togo, and Uganda.

It was the major aircraft of the _Patrouille de France_ from 1964 to 1981. In 2013 many CM-170 Magisters fly on air meeting around the world.

## Related pages

- Fouga CM-175 Zéphyr.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: Fouga CM-170 Magister
- **image**: File:Château-Savigny-lès-Beaune_11.jpg
- **caption**: Former **Fouga CM-170** from the Patrouille de France.


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Training aircraft
- **national origin**: France.
- **manufacturer**: Fouga
- **first flight**: 1952
- **introduction**: 1956
- **status**: Active
- **primary user**: French Air Force.
- **number built**: 929
Fouga CM-175 Zéphyr

The **Fouga CM-175 Zéphyr** is a navalized variant of the Fouga CM-170 Magister. It was used by the French Navy for air training between 1959 and 1994. Thirty examples only were built, and it was not sale at foreign country. It flown from the French aircraft carrier Clemenceau, and sister-ship Foch.
Fougasse (bread)

**Fougasse** is a type of bread made in Provence, France. It is coked with lardons, olive oil, and sometimes _herbes de Provence_ and it is usually served as an accompaniment to an apéritif.
911 (disambiguation)

**911** might mean:

- 911, the year
- September 11 attacks, sometimes called "911" because they happened on September 11 (9/11)
    - 9/11 (2002 movie), a documentary about the event.
    - 9/11 Commission Report, the government report on the incident.
- 9-1-1, an emergency telephone number in some countries
- 911 (Gorillaz and D12 song), a colaboration song by artists Gorillaz and the group D12
- 911 (Lady Gaga song), a song by music artist Lady Gaga
Qari

**Qāri**', or "reader", is a person who recites the Qur'an with the proper rules of recitation.

Although it is encouraged, a reciter (_Qari_) does not necessarily have to memorise the Qur'an, just to recite it with proper rules.

- Examples:
- Qari Abdul Basit
- Qari Minshawi

These Qaris have memorized the whole Quran. Hafiz means a Muslim who memorized the whole Quran.
Mario Doyon

**Mario Doyon** (born August 27, 1968 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a Canadian retired ice hockey defenceman that played a total of 28 games in the NHL.

Before he played in the NHL, Doyon played 3 seasons in the QMJHL with the Drummondville Voltigeurs. He was drafted #119 overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1986 NHL Entry Draft. Doyon played 7 games with the Chicago Blackhawks and 22 games with the Quebec Nordiques. He last played for the Corpus Christi Rayz of the Central Hockey League. He has also played roller hockey with the Montreal Roadrunners of the Roller Hockey International.

He currently plays coaches the Indiana Jr Ice U-16 hockey team which his son Drew Doyon plays on.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks
Quebec Nordiques
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Defenceman
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 200
- **birth place**: Quebec City, Quebec, QC, Canada, CAN
- **draft**: 119th overall
- **draft year**: 1986
- **draft team**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **career start**: 1985
- **career end**: 2004
Carrie Akers

**Carrie Akers** (1860s - ?) was an American sideshow attraction. Contrary to several websites, she was not known as The Warthog. She was born in Virginia. She weighed 309 pounds, and stood 34 inches tall. She was both a sideshow Fat Lady and one of the Little People (dwarves, midgets). She was known as "Quarrelsome Carrie" in the  sideshow community because of her volcanic temper. The community avoided her. A fiery dispute with P. T. Barnum led to the showman firing her from the American Museum [source?].

## References

- The Human Marvels: Carrie Akers
- Hartzman, Marc. 2005. _American Sideshow_. Penguin. Unpaged.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Carrie Akers
- **image**: Carrie akers the warthog.jpg
- **caption**: Akers, date unknown
- **birth date**: 1860s
- **birth place**: Virginia, United States
- **death date**: Unknown
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **employer**: P. T. Barnum
- **occupation**: Sideshow attraction
- **height**: 34 inches
Bayonne Bridge

The **Bayonne Bridge** is a steel arch bridge that connects Bayonne, New Jersey and Staten Island, New York. It is the fifth-longest steel arch bridge in the world. It was the longest in the world when it was opened. It was designed by bridge-builder Othmar Ammann and architect Cass Gilbert. It was built by the Port of New York Authority (now the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey). It opened on November 15, 1931. In 2017 the deck was raised to allow ships designed for the new Panama Canal to pass.

The bridge of one of three bridges that connect Staten Island with New Jersey. The other bridges are the Goethals Bridge to Elizabeth, New Jersey and the Outerbridge Crossing to Perth Amboy, New Jersey.

## Infobox (bridge)

- **bridge name**: Bayonne Bridge
- **image**: File:High BB from Bayonne jeh.jpg
- **image upright**: 1.4
- **carries**: 4 lanes of /
- **crosses**: Kill Van Kull
- **locale**: Staten Island, New York City and Bayonne, New Jersey, Bayonne, New Jersey
- **maint**: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
- **design**: Steel arch bridge
- **mainspan**: 1,675 feet (510.54 m)
- **length**: 5,780 feet (1,762 m)
- **width**: 85 feet (26 m)
- **clearance**: 14 feet (for motor vehicles)
- **below**: 215 feet (66 m) (for ships)
- **traffic**: 9,025 (2016)
Jonathan Bass

**Jonathan Richardson Bass** (November 25, 1830 - September 13, 1892) was an American sideshow attraction. His stage name was The Ossified Man. He was born in New York State. Rheumatism led to the ossification of his joints, tendons, and muscles in his teen years. His sideshow career began in 1887 at Niagara Falls. He toured the United States. He died in New York City in 1892.

## Early years

Bass was born in Cambria in western New York State. He was the eldest of three brothers. He appeared perfectly normal in his very early years. As a child and a teenager however, a series of rheumatism attacks left him unable to walk without crutches and canes.

## Middle years

Eventually, Bass became completely ossified. The rheumatism led to ankylosis of his joints, tendons, and muscles. They turned to bone. Things got worse. In 1869, he lost his eyesight. He had to eat by sucking food up and swallowing it whole. When his mother died in 1872, a brother began taking care of him.

In 1887, Bass began his show biz career at Niagara Falls. He then worked his way across the United States. In spite of his disabilities, Bass remained cheerful. He parted with his manager after a dispute about his cut of the take.

## Last years and death

Bass died of a fever and pneumonia while performing in Huber's Museum in New York City. The family refused an autopsy. Bass was buried in an ironclad vault to deter grave robbers from making off with the body.

An article in a 1908 issue of _Scientific American_ accused a careless museum attendant of causing Bass's death by letting the man fall to the pavement while being lifted from a carriage.

## References

- Hartzman, Marc. 2005. _American Sideshow_. Penguin. Unpaged.
Isaac Sprague

**Isaac W. Sprague** (May 21, 1841 - January 5, 1887) was an American sideshow attraction. His stage name was The Skeleton Man. He also appeared as The Living Skeleton and The Original Thin Man.  He was born in Massachusetts. Doctors were puzzled when he began losing weight rapidly in his teens. He joined a sideshow in 1865, then got a job at P. T. Barnum's American Museum in New York City in 1868. He married and had three healthy sons. He died penniless in Chicago, Illinois in 1887.

## Early years

Sprague was born in East Bridgewater, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Sprague, a shoemaker, and his wife, Betsey Sprague. He was a normal child who spent much time swimming. At 12 years, he began to lose weight quickly. His appetite was healthy. Sprague blamed the swimming for his weight loss, but doctors were puzzled. Parents were puzzled, because they were healthy and weighed as much as an average adult back in 1800s.

## Middle years

Sprague worked in his father's shoemaking business and later in his father's grocery store. The more weight Sprague lost, the weaker he grew. After his parents died, he was too weak to work and was forced to leave his job.

In 1865, a sideshow passed through town. He declined a job offer with the troupe, but reconsidered and joined the show. He appeared as The Living Skeleton or The Original Thin Man. He went to New York City and got a job in P. T. Barnum's American Museum at $80 a week. Sprague's job ended when the museum burned to the ground in 1868.

## Last years

Sprague married Tamar Moore, and sired three healthy boys upon her. He returned to work with Barnum and other showman. At age 44, Sprague stood five feet six inches, and weighed only 44 pounds. Physicians decided he suffered from extreme muscular atrophy.  He died penniless in Chicago, Illinois in 1892.

## Notes

- Hartzman, Marc. 2005. _American Sideshow_. Penguin. Unpaged.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Isaac W. Sprague
- **image**: Isaac W Sprague, living skeleton, 1867.jpg
- **caption**: Sprague in 1867
- **birth date**: May 21, 1841
- **birth place**: East Bridgewater, Massachusetts, United States
- **death date**: January 5,
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **employer**: P. T. Barnum
- **occupation**: Sideshow attraction
- **height**: 66 inches (in 1885)
- **spouse**: Tamar Moore
- **children**: Three sons
- **parents**: Nathaniel and Betsey Sprague
Scott McCloud

**Scott McCloud** (born **Scott McLeod** on June 10, 1960) is an American artist. He is famous for writing comic books that are about comic books. His book _Understanding Comics_ was published in 1993. It is about comic books as a form of art. He has also written _Reinventing Comics_ (2000) and _Making Comics_ (2006).

In 1984, he created a superhero comic called _Zot!_. McCloud thought that super heroes were too grim so he made _Zot!_ fun and light-hearted.

McCloud does most of his art on computers with a graphics tablet and software like Adobe Photoshop.
Andrea Evans

**Andrea Lynn Evans** (June 18, 1957 – July 9, 2023) was an American actress. She worked mostly on television soap operas. She played Rebecca Hotchkiss in the soap opera _Passions_, and Tawny in the series _The Bold and the Beautiful_. Evans was born in Aurora, Illinois.

Evans died of breast cancer at her home in Pasadena, California, on July 9, 2023, at the age of 66.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Andrea Evans
- **birth name**: Andrea Lynn Evans
- **birth place**: Aurora, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Pasadena, California, U.S.
- **children**: 1
- **occupation**: Actress, producer
- **years active**: 1978–2020
The Wild Men of Borneo

**The Wild Men of Borneo** was a sideshow attraction. The Wild Men were midget brothers Hiram and Barney Davis. Hiram (1825–1905) was born in England. His brother Barney (1827–1912) was born on Long Island, New York State.

The two were mentally deficient, but physically strong. They each stood about 42 inches tall and weighed about 40 pounds. In 1852, showman Lyman Warner discovered them, and bought the two from their widowed mother.

Warner named them Waino and Plutano. The two capably acted their parts as The Wild Men of Borneo. They talked gibberish, lifted male audience members, or wrestled to show their muscles. They recited poems they had been taught. When Lyman Warner died in 1871, his son Hanford managed the brothers.

In 1880, Waino and Plutano were managed by P. T. Barnum. Under his direction, The Wild Men of Borneo became one of the most famous sideshow attractions in the world. The two earned $200,000 over their lifetimes.

In 1893, the promotional booklet _What We Know About Waino and Plutano, Wild Men of Borneo_ described their 1848 "capture" and the Wild Men as hardly above the social level of "orang-outangs of a like size".

The brothers' sideshow days ended in 1903 when Hiram fell ill. They moved to Massachusetts. Hiram died in 1905 and Barney in 1912. The two are buried in Mount Vernon, Ohio.

## Other websites

- Wild Men of Borneo at The Human Marvels
Casey Affleck

**Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck-Boldt** (born August 12, 1975) is an American actor and director. He is the younger brother of Ben Affleck.

He played Morgan O'Mally in _Good Will Hunting_, Virgil Malloy in the _Ocean's Trilogy_ and Patrick Kenzie in _Gone Baby Gone_. He portrayed Robert Ford in _The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford_ which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

In 2017, Affleck won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in _Manchester by the Sea_.

## Early life

Affleck was born in Falmouth, Massachusetts. He is the second son of Christine Anne "Chris" (née Boldt), a school district employee and teacher, and Timothy Byers Affleck, a drug counselor, social worker, janitor, auto mechanic, bartender, and former actor with the Theater Company of Boston. Affleck is three years younger than his brother Ben. He has English, Irish, German, Scottish, French, Swiss, Northern Irish (Scotch-Irish), Welsh, and Swedish ancestry. He is a tenth cousin, once removed, of actor Matt Damon, through a common New England ancestor. He was raised in a mostly Episcopalian family. As a child, he had numerous pets, including cats, snakes, guinea pigs and turtles. Affleck went to George Washington University and later transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in physics, astronomy, and Western philosophy, but never graduated.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Casey Affleck.jpg
- **image size**: 180px
- **caption**: Affleck in June 2006
- **birth name**: Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck-Boldt
- **birth place**: Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1988–present
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **spouse**: Summer Phoenix (2006–present)
- **children**: 2
- **family**: Ben Affleck (brother)
Linda Thorson

**Linda Thorson** (born **Linda Robinson** on 18 June 1947) is a Canadian actress. She acts mostly on television. She played Tara in the British television action show _The Avengers_. Thorson was born in Toronto, Ontario.
Nebling

**Nebling** is a small village in the municipality of Untergriesbach in Passau in Lower Bavaria, Germany.

## References

- Ortverzeichnis der Bayerischen Landesbibliothek
Snuff (song)

"**Snuff**" is the fifth single from the album _All Hope Is Gone_ by metal band Slipknot. It was released on September 28, 2009.

The song reached #2 on _Billboard_'s Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks. It was the last single that was released from the band before the death of their bassist, Paul Gray. Vocalist Corey Taylor performs an acoustic version of the song as a tribute to Paul Gray during Stone Sour shows.

The song was nominated for Best Single at the Kerrang! Awards 2010. It lost to "Liquid Confidence" by You Me at Six.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Snuff
- **cover**: Slipknot snuff.png
- **cover size**: 250px
- **artist**: Slipknot
- **album**: All Hope Is Gone
- **released**: September 28, 2009
- **recorded**: 2008 at Sound Farm Studio in Jamaica, Iowa
- **genre**: Alternative rock
Grunge
- **length**: 4:36 (album)
4:12 (radio)
- **label**: Roadrunner Records, Roadrunner
- **producer**: Dave Fortman
Slipknot
- **prev title**: Sulfur (song), Sulfur
- **prev year**: 2009
Social movement

The term **social movement** refers to action by groups, individuals, or organizations focusing over political or social matters. In particular, the movement often wants to resist or undo a certain change. A **reform movement** is one seeking to change laws and normals such as on abotion or LGBT matters. **Trade unions** represent workers' rights.

## Related pages

- Activism
- Anti-nuclear movement
- Anti-war movement
- Autism rights movement
- Environmentalism
- Lobbying
- Protest
Minority rights

The term **minority rights** refers to the rights of minority groups. This includes the individual rights of a group's members and the collective rights of the group itself. These groups can be racial, ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or sexual minorities.

For the rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights protects their identities. For people with disabilities, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities  exists to protect them, and for LGBT people, the Yogyakarta Principles were written down by the United Nations.

Also, the Council of Europe, European Union and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe also affirm protection of minority rights as part of human rights and the rule of law.

## Related pages

- Freedom
- Liberty

## Other Page

- International human rights law
Tanycolagreus

***Tanycolagreus*** is a genus of coelurosaur theropod from the Upper Jurassic of North America.

The fossil holotype  was donated to science by an anonymous benefactor. It is part of the collection of Thanksgiving Point Institute, and displayed in the North American Museum of Ancient Life at Lehi, Utah. It includes an incomplete skull and mandible (lower jaws) and much of the postcranial skeleton, i.e. the parts behind the head. The size of this specimen suggests a size in life of about 3.3 meters (11 feet) long.

## Habitat

The fossil was found in the Morrison Formation, where originally there was a great variety of life. This environment  a savannah with many rivers. Along the rivers were conifer forests, with  ginkgos, cycads, tree ferns, and horsetails rushes.

Insects were very similar to modern species, with termites building 30 m (100 ft.) tall nests. Along the rivers, there were fish, frogs, salamanders, lizards, crocodiles, turtles, pterosaurs, crayfish, clams, and monotremes (prototherian mammals, the largest of which was about the size of a rat). The dinosaurs were most likely along the rivers as well. Hundreds of dinosaur fossils have been discovered.

According to radiometric dating, the Morrison Formation dates from 156.3 ± 2 million years old (mya) at its base, to 146.8 ± 1 mya at the top, so it lasted just under 10 million years.

## Phylogeny

Carpenter and his co-workers said that this genus most closely resembles _Coelurus_, though it has some more "primitive" features. Although a 2007 analysis suggested it was a basal Tyrannosaur, later work showed once again its basal position in the Coelurosauria.
Videotape

**Videotape** is magnetic tape used to record moving images and (usually) sound. Videotape was invented in the 1950s for recording television shows for later broadcasting. In the 1970s it entered use in low-cost filmmaking. In the 1980s analog tape became commonplace at home, and replaced the use of photographic film for home movies. Better digital videotape systems started replacing motion picture film at the end of the 1990s. 21st century video mostly uses digital recording media such as memory cards and hard drives rather than videotape.
Saint Catherine's Monastery

**Saint Catherine's Monastery** is a monastery in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. It is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Holy Monastery of St. Catherine at Mount Sinai
- Saint Catherine Area/ World Heritage Listing on UNESCO's Website
- Saint Catherine Foundation
Arabian Desert

The **Arabian Desert** is a desert in western Asia. It is on most of the Arabian Peninsula. It covers .

Most people in this area are Arabs. The main language is Arabic, and the main religion is Sunni Islam.

## Countries

The countries in The Arabian Desert are:

- Bahrain
- Kuwait
- Oman
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- The United Arab Emirates
- Yemen

## Wildlife

Gazelles, oryx, sand cats, and spiny-tailed lizards live in parts of the Arabian Desert. However, very few animals live in the Rub' al Khali in the middle of the desert.

## Related pages

- Desert
- Arabian Peninsula
- Middle East
- Western Asia
My Old Man (Said Follow the Van)

**My Old Man** is a music hall song. It was written in 1919 by Fred W. Leigh and Charles Collins. Marie Lloyd made the song popular.  The songs lyrics relate to a man who is fleeing his house because he cannot afford the rent.

## Chorus

The chorus is known the most (for several reasons):
- My old man said "Foller the van,
- And don't dilly dally on the way".
- Off went the van wiv me 'ome packed in it,
- I followed on wiv me old cock linnet.
- But I dillied and dallied, dallied and I dillied
- Lost me way and don't know where to roam.
- Well you can't trust a special like the old time coppers
- When you can't find your way 'ome.

## Other websites

- Full song lyrics
Mobridge, South Dakota

**Mobridge** is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Walworth County, which is in the northern part of the state. It became a city in 1906, and 3,261 people lived there at the 2020 census.

## Other websites

- City of Mobridge website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mobridge, South Dakota
- **native name**: Kȟowákataŋ Otȟúŋwahe
- **nickname**: Mo-Town or Mo-Town, USA
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: _Make It Mobridge_
- **image skyline**: Walleye Sculpture.jpg
- **image caption**: Scrap metal sculpture of a cowboy riding a walleye on the south end of main street in Mobridge
- **image map**: Walworth_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Mobridge_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Walworth County, South Dakota, Walworth County and the state of South Dakota
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: South Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in South Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Walworth County, South Dakota, Walworth
- **government type**: Municipal
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: City Administrator
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1906
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 5.08
- **area land km2**: 5.08
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 1.96
- **area land sq mi**: 1.96
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3261
- **population density km2**: 642.42
- **population density sq mi**: 1663.78
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation ft**: 1660
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 57601
- **area code**: Area code 605, 605
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 46-43180
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1267481
- **website**: [http://www.mobridge.org/ City of Mobridge]
Delusional disorder

The term **delusional disorder** refers to an uncommon although serious condition in which patients have non-bizarre delusions. These patients function in normal manners. Their delusions are not caused from drugs or general disorders. Examples of these delusions include being followed, spied on or being poisoned, having certain health problems, such as heart disease or stroke.
Romanian Television

**Televiziunea Română**  (**68 de Ani Televiziunea Română) Internațional**) (**TVR**) is the national television system of Romania. It is made up of many channels (important channels of TVR : TVR1, TVR2, TVR3, TVR Cultural, TVR Info, TVR Folclor and TVR Sport). It broadcasts most official and important international events. It started in the year 1956.

## Other websites

- TVR official website
- Six TVR journalists accuse censorship (_Ziua_, 8 December 2004)

## Infobox (broadcasting network)

- **network name**: Societatea Română de Televiziune
- **network logo**: TVR logo 2022.svg
- **network logo size**: 185px
- **country**: Romania
- **network type**: Broadcasting, Broadcast television network
- **available**: International
- **owner**: Romanian State (The Government of Romania)
- **key people**: Irina Radu, President and General Chairman
- **past names**: Radioteleviziunea Românǎ
<small>(1956-1990; when it was the only radio-tv company in the country)</small>
- **motto**: "Imaginea timpului tău"
("The Image of your times")
- **website**: [http://www.tvr.ro www.tvr.ro]
Sam Alexander

**Sam Alexander** (ca. 1920s-1997) was a 20th-century sideshow attraction. His stage name was _The Man with Two Faces_. As a young man and an employee of the Schubert Theater in Chicago, Illinois, his carelessness with a lit cigarette caused a gasoline explosion that burned off his face.

After a year in the hospital and then a stay in a nursing home, Alexander began wearing a mask and joined a Peter Kortes sideshow. Alexander would tell his story to the audience and then remove his mask. It was a shocking exhibition. Alexander was made the blow-off for the show.

Alexander went on to work with Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey. At Madison Square Garden in the 1960s, ladies were so shocked by his face that he was ordered off the stage. He later worked with the Clyde Beatty Circus. He later started his own sideshow company. Alexander had 72 operations throughout his life to repair his face, all were unsuccessful. Eventually, he decided the remaining years of his life were not best spent behind the mask. He died in 1997.

## References

- Hartzman, Marc. 2006. _American Sideshow_ Penguin. pp. 112-113.
- Sideshows: Sam Alexander
- The Human Marvels: Sam Alexander
- Top 10 Famous Side Shows & Peculiar Performers: Sam Alexander

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sam Alexander
- **birth date**: ca. 1920s
- **death date**: 1997
- **death cause**: Natural causes
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **other names**: Man with Two Faces
- **occupation**: Sideshow attraction
Quetiapine

**Quetiapine** (better known as **Seroquel**) is an antipsychotic drug used to treat bipolar disorder and unipolar major depression, though it is used off-label for anxiety problems, Tourette syndrome and autism issues. The side effects of Quetiapine include fatigue, dry mouth and being sleepy. The medication is sometimes used for PTSD.

## Infobox (drug)

- **watchedfields**: changed
- **verifiedrevid**: 443404910
- **iupac name**: 2-(2-(4-Dibenzo[_b_,_f_][1,4]thiazepine-11-yl-1-piperazinyl)ethoxy)ethanol
- **image**: Quetiapine.svg
- **width**: 250px
- **image2**: Quetiapine-from-xtal-3D-balls.png
- **width2**: 225px
- **tradename**: Seroquel, Temprolide, others
- **medlineplus**: a698019
- **licence us**: Quetiapine
- **pregnancy au**: B3
- **pregnancy us**: C
- **legal au**: S4
- **legal ca**: Rx-only
- **legal us**: Rx-only
- **legal uk**: POM
- **routes of administration**: Oral administration, By mouth
- **bioavailability**: 100%
- **metabolism**: Liver via CYP3A4-catalysed sulfoxidation to its active metabolite norquetiapine (N-desalkylquetiapine)
- **protein bound**: 83%
- **elimination half-life**: 7 hours (parent compound); 9–12 hours (active metabolite, norquetiapine)
- **excretion**: Kidney (73%), faeces (20%)
- **cas number**: 111974-69-7
- **atc prefix**: N05
- **atc suffix**: AH04
- **pubchem**: 5002
- **iuphar ligand**: 50
- **drugbank**: DB01224
- **chemspiderid**: 4827
- **unii**: BGL0JSY5SI
- **kegg**: D08456
- **chebi**: 8707
- **chembl**: 716
- **c**: 21
- **h**: 25
- **n**: 3
- **o**: 2
- **s**: 1
- **molecular weight**: 383.5099 g/mol
- **smiles**: N\1=C(\c3c(Sc2c/1cccc2)cccc3)N4CCN(CCOCCO)CC4
- **stdinchi**: 1S/C21H25N3O2S/c25-14-16-26-15-13-23-9-11-24(12-10-23)21-17-5-1-3-7-19(17)27-20-8-4-2-6-18(20)22-21/h1-8,25H,9-16H2
- **stdinchikey**: URKOMYMAXPYINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- **solubility**: 3.29
Miriam Bryant

**Miriam Bryant** (born in Gothenburg, Sweden on 8 March 1991) is a Swedish-Finnish singer and songwriter.

## Albums

1. _Raised in Rain_ (2013) (N12 in Sweden)

## Singles

1. "Finders, Keepers" (2012)
1. "Raised in Rain" (2012)
1. "Push Play" (2013) (N13 in Sweden)
1. "Find You" (2014) Zedd ft Matthew Koma and Miriam Bryant
1. "Dragon" (2014) (N44 in Sweden)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Miriam Melanie Bryant
- **img**: Miriam Bryant.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Miriam Melanie Bryant
- **origin**: Gothenburg, Sweden
- **genre**: pop music, Pop, soul music, soul
- **years active**: 2011 - present
- **label**: 100Songs/ EMI
- **url**: [http://www.miriambryantmusic.com/ www.miriambryantmusic.com]
Wood Buffalo National Park

**Wood Buffalo National Park** is a national park and the largest one in Canada. The park is in northeastern Alberta and southern Northwest Territories.

It was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 because of its biological diversity. The Peace-Athabasca Delta is one of the world's largest freshwater deltas, as well as having a population of wild bison.

Inside the park is the only natural nesting habitat for the endangered whooping crane. The park is also populated by moose, wood bison, black bear, wolf, lynx, beaver, brown bear, snowshoe hare, sandhill crane, ruffed grouse, and the world's northernmost population of red-sided garter snakes.

## Other websites

- Wood Buffalo National Park; Parks Canada
- Wood Buffalo National Park; UNESCO
County Tipperary

**County Tipperary** () is a county of Ireland. County Tipperary is in the province of Munster. It is named after the town of Tipperary. The area of the county is in two halves, North Tipperary and South Tipperary. The population of the county as a whole is 158,754, according to the 2011 Irish Census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: County Tipperary
- **image shield**: IRL county Tipperary COA.png
- **image map**: Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Tipperary.svg
- **area total km2**: 4303
- **area rank**: List of Irish counties by area, 6th
- **seat type**: County town, County seat
- **seat**: North: Nenagh
 South: Clonmel
- **blank name sec1**: Vehicle registration plates of Ireland, Car plates
- **blank info sec1**: T
- **population**: 158652
- **population rank**: List of Irish counties by population, 11th
- **population as of**: 2011
- **subdivision type3**: Dáil Éireann
- **subdivision name3**: Tipperary North (Dáil Éireann constituency), Tipperary North
Tipperary South (Dáil Éireann constituency), Tipperary South
- **subdivision type4**: EU Parliament
- **subdivision name4**: South (European Parliament constituency), South
- **subdivision type**: Sovereign state, Country
- **subdivision name**: Republic of Ireland, Ireland
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Ireland, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Munster
Sideshow

A **sideshow** is an amusement or entertainment usually associated with circus and carnival midways. Such a show displays curiosities of all sorts such as bearded ladies, midgets, giants, snake charmers, two-headed babies saved in formaldehyde, six-legged calves, and more.

## Related pages

- _Freaks_, a 1930s movie about sideshow performers
Robert Ford

**Robert Newton "Bob" Ford** (January 31, 1862 – June 8, 1892) was an American outlaw. He is best known for shooting his gang leader Jesse James in the back of the head and killing him. Ford shot James because Missouri governor Thomas T. Crittenden placed a $10,000 bounty on James.

## Death

On June 8, 1892, while Ford was drinking in his tent saloon, Edward Capehart O'Kelley entered with a shotgun. O'Kelley said "Hello, Bob." and when Ford turned around O'Kelley fired both barrels which killed Ford instantly. "The man who shot Jesse James" was inscribed on his grave marker.

## Other websites

- Robert Ford's Legends of America profile

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robert Ford
- **image**: Robert Ford.jpg
- **birth name**: Robert Newton Ford
- **birth place**: Ray County, Missouri, Ray County, Missouri, United States, USA
- **death place**: Creede, Colorado, Creede, Colorado, United States, USA
- **known for**: The assassination of Jesse James
- **occupation**: Outlaw; Saloon owner
- **parents**: James Thomas and Mary Bruin Ford
Tony Soprano

**Anthony John "Tony" Soprano** is an Italian-American fictional character on _The Sopranos_. He is a troubled crime boss who leads many criminal organizations and struggles to balance his family life and Mafia career. Soprano was born in Newark, New Jersey.

Soprano was played by James Gandolfini, who became famous for his performance. _Entertainment Weekly_ listed Gandolfini as the 42nd Greatest TV Icon of All Time.
Westwood, New Jersey

**Westwood** (nicknamed "The Hub of the Pascack Valley") is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Westwood was officially incorporated as a borough on May 8, 1894. Actors James Gandolfini and Robert Sean Leonard. are from Westwood.

## Other websites

- Borough of Westwood official website
- Westwood Regional School District
- Data for the Westwood Regional School District, National Center for Education Statistics
- Westwood Chamber of Commerce website
- Westwood NJ HandyGuide
- Westwood Heritage Society
- Westwood United Methodist Church
Staten Island Mall

The **Staten Island Mall** is an indoor shopping mall located in Staten Island, New York. It is the largest shopping center on Staten Island. It is the only indoor shopping mall in the borough. It opened in 1973.

The mall has 200 stores with around 3,000 people working in those stores. Stores include JCPenney, Sears, and Macy's. Many bus routes go to the mall area. This makes it the second-largest area in the borough for public transportation after the St. George ferry terminal.

## Other websites

- Staten Island Mall website

## Infobox (shopping mall)

- **name**: Staten Island Mall
- **image**: Car service outside the Staten Island Mall in Staten Island, New York.JPG
- **caption**: The main entrance to the Staten Island Mall.
- **location**: Staten Island, New York City, New York, United States
- **opening date**: 1973
- **manager**: GGP (company), GGP
- **owner**: Brookfield Properties
- **number of stores**: 200
- **number of anchors**: 3
- **floor area**: 1,274,000 ft²
- **floors**: 2 (3 in Macy's)