juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Habib Bank Limited

**Habib Bank Limited** is a Pakistani commercial bank headquartered in Karachi, Pakistan.

## History

HBL is the first commercial bank in Pakistan, having been founded in 1941 by the Habib Family. Its first overseas location opened in Colombo, Sri Lanka, in 1951. The Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development obtained a majority stake and administrative control in the bank when it was nationalized by the government in 1974 and then privatized in 2004.

The Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED), headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, owns a significant stake in HBL. HBL branches also exchange foreign currency, initiate SWIFT and FEDWIRE transfers, and facilitate RAAST real-time money transfer transactions.

Habib Bank Limited was established as a public limited company in Bombay in 1941 by the Habib family, previously engaged in internal trade and private banking.

In early 1947, the bank's headquarters were relocated to Karachi on August 7, 1947, just before the Partition of India.

The Habib family owned and managed the bank until the Pakistan government nationalised it on 1 January 1974. The Habib family received compensation of PKR 36.31 per share from the Government of Pakistan and subsequently the bank was delisted from the Karachi Stock Exchange.

In 2002, Pakistan's Privatisation Commission announced that the Government of Pakistan would grant the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED), a subsidiary of the Aga Khan Development Network, majority ownership of HBL against AKFED's investment in the bank.

In 2003, the Government of Pakistan granted AKFED rights to 51% of the shareholding in the bank against an investment of PKR 22.409 billion (US$389 million).

In 2004, the Government of Pakistan handed over management control of Habib Bank to AKFED.

In 2013, the bank acquired Citibank Pakistan consumer business for .

In 2015, the bank acquired Barclays's Pakistan operations.

In 2016, HBL received a Licence to operate a subsidiary in Ürümqi, Xinjiang.

In 2020, HBL was designated one of the domestic systemically important banks (D-SIB) of the year by the State Bank of Pakistan.

## Corporate governance

|Name|Position|
| --- | --- |
|Sultan Ali Allana|Chairman of the board|
|Moez Ahamed Jamal|Director|
|Shafiq Dharamshi|Director|
|Salim Raza|Director|
|Najeeb Samie|Director|
|Saba Kamal|Director|
|Khaleel Ahmed|Director|

### List of CEOs

- R. Zakir Mahmood (2000 – September 28, 2012)
- Nauman K. Dar (September 28, 2012 – December 31, 2017)
- Rayomond Kotwal - Interim CEO (December 31, 2017 – April 30, 2018)
- Muhammad Aurangzeb (April 30, 2018 – 11 March 2024)
- Muhammad Nassir Salim (11 March 2024 – )

## Related links

- Habib Bank

__NEWSECTIONLINK__
Stellenbosch University

**Stellenbosch University (SU)** is a public research university situated in Stellenbosch, a town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Stellenbosch is the oldest university in South Africa and the oldest extant university in Sub-Saharan Africa, which received full university status in 1918. Stellenbosch University designed and manufactured Africa's first microsatellite, SUNSAT, launched in 1999.

Stellenbosch is organised in 139 departments across 10 faculties offering bachelor's (NQF 7) to doctoral degrees (NQF 10) in the English and Afrikaans language. Across five campuses in the Western Cape, the university is home to 32,000 students.

The students of Stellenbosch University are nicknamed "Maties". The term probably arises from the Afrikaans word "tamatie" (meaning tomato, and referring to the maroon sports uniforms and blazer colour). An alternative theory is that the term comes from the Afrikaans colloquialism _maat_ (meaning "buddy" or "mate"), originally used diminutively ("maatjie") by the students of the University of Cape Town's precursor, the South African College.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Stellenbosch University
- **native name**: Universiteit Stellenbosch or Stellenbosch Universiteit
- **image name**: Stellenbosch University New Logo.jpg
- **mottoeng**: "A sound education strengthens the spirit"
- **type**: Public university, Public
- **endowment**: South African rand, ZAR 5.04 Billion
- **chancellor**: Edwin Cameron
- **vice chancellor**: Wim de Villiers
- **academic staff**: 1028
- **administrative staff**: 2183
- **undergrad**: 25,042
- **postgrad**: 10,051
- **city**: Stellenbosch
- **province**: Western Cape
- **country**: South Africa (SA)
- **campus**: 2 suburban, 2 Urban area, urban and 1 rural
- **colours**: Maroon (color), Maroon
- **mascot**: Pokkel
- **nickname**: _Maties_
Bain Capital Ventures

**Bain Capital Ventures LLC** (BCV) is the venture capital division of Bain Capital. It invests in early-stage and growth companies in various industries. BCV manages $10 billion and has offices in New York City, Palo Alto, and San Francisco. The firm is part of Bain Capital, which manages $160 billion in assets worldwide.

## Investments

Since starting in 2001, BCV has raised over $10 billion across ten funds. Some of its early investments include LinkedIn, DocuSign, Twilio, and Rent the Runway.

Its investments include companies at the seed, early, and growth stages. Examples of recent growth-stage investments are Docker and GoCardless.

### Notable Exits

Some of Bain Capital Ventures' investments have been very successful. For example:
- LinkedIn became a public company worth $7.8 billion in 2011.
- Twilio became a public company worth $150 million in 2016.
- DocuSign became a public company worth $629 million in 2018.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Bain Capital Ventures LLC
- **type**: Limited liability company
- **foundation**: 2001
- **location**: New York City, New York, San Francisco, California, Palo Alto, California
- **industry**: Financial services, Investment management
- **products**: Venture capital
- **parent**: Bain Capital
Rent the Runway

**Rent the Runway** is an e-commerce service where people can rent, subscribe, or buy designer clothes and accessories. It was started in 2009 by Jennifer Hyman and Jennifer Fleiss.

## History

Jennifer Hyman and Jennifer Fleiss met at Harvard Business School in 2007. Hyman had the idea to rent dresses for events after her sister spent too much on a wedding dress. They pitched the idea to designer Diane von Fürstenberg, who became an early partner.

The company launched in November 2009 and gained attention after being featured in _The New York Times_. In 2016, it began offering everyday clothing through subscriptions.

Rent the Runway raised over $400 million in funding from major investors like Fidelity Investments and Bain Capital Ventures. In 2019, it was valued at $1 billion, making it a unicorn.

## Business

Rent the Runway offers clothes from over 700 designers in sizes 00 to 22. The service includes event wear, everyday clothes, children's clothing, ski apparel, home décor, and accessories like handbags and jewelry.

## Challenges

In 2023, the company struggled as sales failed to meet customer demand. Analysts reported it could face financial trouble, including possible bankruptcy.

## Awards

Rent the Runway appeared on CNBC's Disruptor 50 list in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2019. It was also named one of Fast Company's Most Innovative Companies several times.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Rent the Runway
- **company type**: Public company, Public
- **location city**: New York City
- **founder**: Jennifer Hyman
Jennifer Fleiss
- **key people**: Jennifer Hyman (Chief executive officer, CEO)
- **industry**: E-commerce
- **homepage**: [https://www.renttherunway.com renttherunway.com]
Railhead Trilogy

The **Railhead Trilogy** by Phillip Reeve is a set of 3 books. The books tell the story of Zen Starling in a fictional, future setting where sentient trains provide travel throughout the galaxy and humanity is overseen by powerful artificial intelligences.

## Trilogy

Railhead consists of three books:

- Railhead (2015)
- Black Light Express (2016)
- Station Zero (2018)
Second Battle of Eran

Toramana was ultimately defeated five years after the First Battle of Eran (510 CE) by local Indian rulers, with Bhanugupta, a regional king, sometimes credited for his victory over him. Bhanugupta's inscription from 510 CE, found in Eran, mentions his involvement in "a great battle," and though the details are unclear, it has been interpreted by some as indicating his role in Toramana's defeat.

## Battle

Toramana was eventually defeated by some local Indian rulers, with specially Bhanugupta sometimes credited with this defeat of Toramana. Bhanugupta's 510 CE inscription from Eran refers to his involvement in a "great battle," but the details of this conflict are vague, leaving room for various interpretations.Some scholars, such as Mookerji, suggest that the inscription, along with references in the Manjusri-mula-kalpa, imply that Bhanugupta was actually defeated by Toramana in the battle at Eran, leading to the western Gupta province of Malwa falling under Huna control. In this scenario, Toramana would have been recognized as the ruler of the region, as noted in the Eran boar inscription.

Toramana was decisively defeated by King Prakashadharma of the Aulikara dynasty of Malwa after nearly 20 years of his presence in India. According to the Rīsthal stone-slab inscription, which was discovered in 1983, this victory occurred in 515 CE.

Prakashadharma was a notable king of this dynasty, who assumed the title, _Adhiraja_. The Rīsthal inscription gives us information about his achievements.

The First Hunnic War ended with a defeat for the Huns, and their army reportedly withdrew to the Punjab region. The Manjusri-mula-kalpa just says that Toramana died in Benares while he was heading back west after fighting Narasimhagupta.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Daśapura (510 CE)
- **partof**: Gupta–Hunnic Wars
- **date**: 510 CE
- **place**: Eran (Modern day India)
- **result**: Gupta Empire, Gupta victory
- **territory**: Tormana retreats to Gwalior
- **combatant2**: Hephthalites, Alchon Huns
- **combatant1**: Gupta Empire
Aulikara dynasty
- **commander2**: Toramana
- **commander1**: Gupta Empire#Gupta dynasty, Bhanugupta
Goparaja
Prakashadharma Aulikara
Ameerega pulchripecta

The **blue-breasted poison frog**, **beautiful-breasted poison frog**, **beautiful-breasted poison arrow frog**, or **Silverstone's poison frog** (_Ameerega pulchripecta_) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Home

This frog lives in the Amazon. People see it on the dead leaves on the ground in rainforests. Scientists saw the frog between 100 and 310 meters above sea level.

Scientists have only seen this frog in protected parks. Two of them are Floresta Nacional do Amapá and Parque Natural Municipal do Cancão.

## Young

The adult male frogs sit under plant roots no higher than 40 cm above the ground. Then they call to the female frogs. Scientists think the female frog lays her eggs on the dead leaves on the ground and that, after the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Humans do cut down trees to get wood to build with and mark farms. People might also catch this frog to sell as a pet. Scientists say this does not happen enough to make the frog die out.
Aggregate effects doctrine

The **Aggregate effects doctrine** is an idea about how laws work in the United States of America. The Aggregate effects doctrine is also named the **Cumulative effects doctrine**. The Aggregate effects doctrine is also named the **Substantial effects doctrine**.

The Aggregate effects doctrine allows a power of the United States of America's Congress to go further than that power could go before. That power is the power to decide about trade between states of the United States of America. The Aggregate effects doctrine is the belief that that power also allows the United States of America's Congress to decide about some trade. That some trade is trade which happens within only 1 state of the United States of America. That some trade is that trade which changes something about trade between states of the United States of America.

Some experts believe that the Aggregate effects doctrine lets Congress decide about trade which does _not_ change trade between states, but merely _could_.
Jericho, New York

**Jericho**  is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, on the North Shore of Long Island, in New York, United States.

It is about 29 miles (47 km) east of Manhattan. The population was 14,808 at the time of the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Jericho, New York
- **settlement type**: Hamlet (New York), Hamlet and census-designated place
- **image skyline**: The Milleridge Inn; Jericho, New York-3.jpg
- **image caption**: The Milleridge Inn, a local landmark
- **pushpin map**: USA New York Long Island#New York
- **pushpin map caption**: Location on Long Island##Location within the state of New York
- **image map**: Nassau County New York incorporated and unincorporated areas Jericho highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Nassau County, New York, Nassau County and the state of New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name2**: Nassau County, New York, Nassau
- **area total km2**: 10.26
- **area land km2**: 10.26
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 3.96
- **area land sq mi**: 3.96
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 14808
- **population density km2**: 1443.09
- **population density sq mi**: 3737.51
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 60
- **elevation ft**: 197
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 11753, 11853, 11590
- **area code**: Area codes 516 and 363, 516, 363
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-38539
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0954000
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **subdivision type3**: Town (New York), Town
- **subdivision name3**: Oyster Bay (town), New York, Oyster Bay
- **area code type**: Area codes
- **named for**: Jericho, Biblical city of Jericho
Haverford College

**Haverford College** ( ) is a private liberal arts college in Haverford, Pennsylvania. The college gives Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Haverford College
- **image upright**: .7
- **former name**: The Haverford School (1833–1856)
- **motto**: _Non doctior, sed meliore doctrina imbutus_
- **mottoeng**: "Not more learned, but steeped in a higher learning"
- **top free label**: College newspaper
- **top free**: _The Clerk_, _The Bi-College News_
- **type**: Private university, Private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college
- **religious affiliation**: None
(formerly Quakers#Hicksite–Orthodox split, Orthodox Quakers)
- **endowment**: $643 million (2023)
- **president**: Wendy Raymond
- **undergrad**: 1,435
- **city**: Haverford, Pennsylvania, Haverford community
Haverford Township, Pennsylvania, Haverford Township
Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania, Lower Merion Township
- **state**: Pennsylvania
- **country**: United States
- **campus**: Suburban
- **free label**: Acceptance rate:
- **free**: 12.9%
- **sporting affiliations**: National Collegiate Athletic Association, NCAA Division III (NCAA), Division III – Centennial Conference, CC
- **nickname**: Haverford College Fords, Fords
- **mascot**: Black Squirrel
- **logo upright**: .9
- **faculty**: 165
- **colors**: Red and black
Haverford, Pennsylvania

**Haverford** is an unincorporated community located in both Haverford Township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States, and Lower Merion Township in Montgomery County. It is about  west of Philadelphia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Haverford, Pennsylvania
- **image skyline**: File:Haverford, Pennsylvania 3.jpg
- **image caption**: Haverford post office and Haverford Square shopping center
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Pennsylvania
- **subdivision type2**: Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Delaware/Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, Montgomery
- **subdivision type3**: Townships
- **subdivision name3**: Haverford Township, Pennsylvania, Haverford/Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania, Lower Merion
- **pushpin map**: USA Pennsylvania#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Haverford in Pennsylvania
- **area land sq mi**: 3.3
- **elevation ft**: 318
- **population as of**: 2010 US Census
- **population total**: 6248
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone1**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset1**: -5
- **timezone1 dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -4
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 19083
- **area codes**: Area codes 610 and 484, 610 and 484
- **blank name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank info**: 1176657
Haverford Township, Pennsylvania

**Haverford Township** is a home rule municipality township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States.  Haverford is named after the town of Haverfordwest in Wales. It is a suburb of Philadelphia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Haverford Township
- **other name**: The Township of Haverford, Pennsylvania
- **settlement type**: Home rule municipality (Pennsylvania), Home rule municipality
First Class Township
- **image skyline**: Site23now.jpg
- **image caption**: Darby Creek (Pennsylvania), Darby Creek in Haverford Township
- **image seal**: File:2htseal.png
- **image map**: Delaware County Pennsylvania incorporated and unincorporated areas Haverford highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Delaware County and the state of Pennsylvania.
- **image map1**: Pennsylvania in United States (US48).svg
- **map caption1**: Location of Pennsylvania in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name2**: Delaware County, Pennsylvania
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1682
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 25.76
- **area total sq mi**: 9.95
- **area land km2**: 25.76
- **area land sq mi**: 9.95
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 289
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 50431
- **population density km2**: 1957.9
- **population density sq mi**: 5071.0
- **timezone1**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset1**: -5
- **timezone1 dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -4
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 42-045-33144
- **blank2 name sec2**: Wikimedia Commons
Cesare Bonizzi

**Cesare Bonizzi**, OFM Cap. (15 March 1946 – 19 November 2024), also known as  "**Frate Cesare**" was an Italian Capuchin friar and heavy metal singer.

Bonizzi was born in Offanengo, in the Province of Cremona, Italy. He was ordained a priest in 1983.

In 1990, he became interested in using music for spiritual devotion. He released many albums in different styles from new age to rock. He was inspired by Metallica and began producing heavy metal albums.

Bonizzi died on 19 November 2024 in Milan, Italy at the age of 78.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **honorific prefix**: The Reverend
- **name**: Cesare Bonizzi
- **honorific suffix**: Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, OFM Cap.
- **image**: Frate Cesare Bonizzi MEI 2008.jpg
- **caption**: Bonizzi in 2008
- **alias**: Frate Cesare
Fratello Metallo
- **birth place**: Offanengo, Province of Cremona, Cremona, Italy
- **death place**: Milan, Italy
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal, hard rock, Christian metal
- **occupation**: friar and religious priest, musician, singer-songwriter
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **years active**: 1990–2009
- **associated acts**: Metalluminium, Fratello Metallo
- **website**: [http://www.fratecesare.com FrateCesare.com]
Virginia's 7th congressional district

**Virginia's seventh congressional district** is a United States congressional district in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The district is currently represented by Democrat Eugene Vindman, first elected in 2024.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: Virginia
- **district number**: 7
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries since 2023
- **representative**: Eugene Vindman
- **party**: Democratic
- **residence**: Woodbridge
- **english area**: 3,117.9
- **percent urban**: 73.1
- **percent rural**: 26.9
- **population**: 814,164
- **population year**: 2023
- **median income**: $109,348
- **percent white**: 50.8
- **percent hispanic**: 17.4
- **percent black**: 19.9
- **percent asian**: 5.2
- **percent more than one race**: 5.7
- **percent other race**: 1.0
- **cpvi**: D+1
Eugene Vindman

**Eugene Semyon Vindman** (born **Yevgeny Semyonovich Vindman**; June 6, 1975) is an American politician, attorney, and retired U.S. Army officer. He is the member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Virginia's 7th congressional district since 2025. He was a deputy legal advisor for the United States National Security Council (NSC) until he was reassigned on February 7, 2020.

Vindman became well known in October 2019 when his twin brother, Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Vindman, testified before the United States Congress about the Trump–Ukraine scandal.

In 2024, Vindman won the Democratic Party nomination for  in the U.S. House of Representatives, Vindman won election to Congress in the general election for that office.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Eugene Vindman
- **native name lang**: uk
- **image**: Representative Eugene Vindman Official Portrait.jpg
- **alt**: Official House portrait of Vindman smiling in front of the U.S. flag, wearing a black suit with American flag lapel pin, light blue shirt, and striped red and blue tie.
- **state**: Virginia
- **term start**: January 3, 2025
- **predecessor**: Abigail Spanberger
- **birth name**: Yevgeny Semyonovich Vindman
- **birth place**: Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union (now Kyiv, Ukraine)
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Cindy Groff
- **children**: 2
- **relatives**: Alexander Vindman (brother)
- **branch**: United States Army
- **serviceyears**: 1998–2022
- **rank**: Lieutenant Colonel (United States), Lieutenant Colonel
- **unit**: Judge Advocate General's Corps
- **battles**: Iraq War
Levar Stoney

**Levar Marcus Stoney** (born March 20, 1981) is an American politician. He was the 80th mayor of Richmond, Virginia from 2017 to 2025. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Stoney is running for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia in the 2025 election. He originally ran for governor, but dropped out in April 2024 to support Congresswoman Abigail Spanberger.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Levar Stoney
- **image**: Levar Stoney (52508706410) (1).jpg
- **caption**: Stoney in 2022
- **office**: 80th List of mayors of Richmond, Virginia, Mayor of Richmond
- **term start**: January 1, 2017
- **term end**: January 1, 2025
- **predecessor**: Dwight Clinton Jones, Dwight Jones
- **successor**: Danny Avula
- **office1**: Secretary of the Commonwealth of Virginia
- **governor1**: Terry McAuliffe
- **term start1**: January 17, 2014
- **term end1**: April 15, 2016
- **predecessor1**: Janet Vestal Kelly
- **successor1**: Kelly Thomasson
- **birth name**: Levar Marcus Stoney
- **birth place**: Nassau County, New York, Nassau County, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 1
- **education**: James Madison University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **signature**: Levar Stoney signature.png
Glen Allen, Virginia

**Glen Allen** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Henrico County, Virginia, United States. The population was 16,187 as of the 2020 Census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Glen Allen, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Census-designated place
- **image skyline**: Glen Allen VA.JPG
- **image caption**: Mountain Road in Glen Allen, Virginia, with historical marker in the foreground
- **image map**: VAMap-doton-GlenAllen.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Glen Allen, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Henrico County, Virginia, Henrico
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 22.9
- **area land km2**: 22.9
- **area water km2**: 0.0
- **area total sq mi**: 8.9
- **area land sq mi**: 8.8
- **area water sq mi**: 0.0
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 16,187
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation m**: 63
- **elevation ft**: 207
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 23058-23060
- **area code**: Area code 804, 804
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-31200
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1494958
2025 Virginia gubernatorial election

The **2025 Virginia gubernatorial election** was held on November 4, 2025, to elect the governor of Virginia. Current governor Glenn Youngkin could not run for re-election as the state's constitution doesn't allow it's governors to serve consecutive terms.

Former Congresswoman Abigail Spanberger was elected governor, defeating incumbent lieutenant governor Winsome Earle-Sears. Spanberger is also the first woman to be elected Virginia governor.

#### Nominee

- Winsome Earle-Sears, lieutenant governor of Virginia (2022–present)

#### Failed to qualify

- Amanda Chase, former state senator for SD-11 (2016–2024), and candidate for governor in 2021
- Dave LaRock, former state delegate for HD-33 (2014–2024), and candidate for SD-1 in 2023

#### Declined

- Jason Miyares, Virginia attorney general (2022–present) _(running for re-election)_
- Rob Wittman, U.S. representative from  (2007–present) _(running for re-election in 2026)_

#### Nominee

- Abigail Spanberger, U.S. representative from  (2019–2025)

#### Withdrawn

- Levar Stoney, former mayor of Richmond (2017–2025), and former Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth (2014–2016) _(ran for lieutenant governor)_

#### Declined

- Bobby Scott, U.S. representative from  (1993–present)

## Official websities

- Winsome Earle-Sears for Governor
- Abigail Spanberger for Governor

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2025 Virginia gubernatorial election
- **country**: Virginia
- **type**: presidential
- **previous election**: 2021 Virginia gubernatorial election
- **previous year**: 2021
- **next election**: 2029 Virginia gubernatorial election
- **next year**: 2029
- **election date**: November 4, 2025
- **nominee2**: Winsome Earle-Sears
- **party2**: Republican Party (United States)
- **popular vote2**: 1,449,586
- **percentage2**: 42.22%
- **nominee1**: **Abigail Spanberger**
- **party1**: Democratic Party (United States)
- **popular vote1**: **1,976,857**
- **percentage1**: **57.58%**
- **map caption**: **Spanberger**:
**Earle-Sears**:
- **title**: Governor
- **before election**: Glenn Youngkin
- **before party**: Republican Party (United States)
- **after election**: Abigail Spanberger
- **after party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **ongoing**: No
- **image1**:
- **image2**:
Syrian revolution

The **Syrian revolution**, also called the **Syrian Revolution of Dignity**, was a series of protests and uprisings in Syria during the Arab Spring. It began in March 2011 and lasted until mid-2012. Protesters called for the end of the Assad family's rule, which had lasted for decades.

## Background

Before the protests, Syria was ruled by President Bashar al-Assad under a strict Ba'ath Party dictatorship. The government limited freedom of speech and arrested critics. Syria was also affected by corruption, poverty, and a severe drought. Protests in other countries during the Arab Spring inspired Syrians to demand change.

## The Uprising

Protests began in January 2011 and grew by March. Security forces responded with violence, killing and arresting many people. This led to anger and larger protests. By mid-2011, soldiers were defecting, and opposition militias like the Free Syrian Army formed. The peaceful uprising became an armed conflict, eventually leading to a civil war.

## International Reaction

The United Nations and many countries condemned the government’s actions. Reports accused the Assad government of using extreme violence, including torture and attacks on civilians. In August 2011, the UN said these acts were crimes against humanity and called for President Assad to face trial.

The Syrian Revolution turned into one of the most significant events of the Arab Spring, but it also led to a prolonged and devastating civil war.

## See als

- Arab Spring
AJR

is an American indie pop band made by brothers  Met. They are a group of singers, multi-instrumentalists, and songwriters. The brothers grew up in New York City. They were mostly focused on busking and singing covers before they changed to writing songs and touring. AJR has recorded more than 100 songs at their studio at home. They have released five studio albums on many record labels and their indie label.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: AJR
- **image**: AJR Bang Powidz 2023.jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **alt**: AJR performing "Bang!" in 2023. Ryan playing an electronic keyboard, Jack singing, and Adam playing a bass guitar. (pictured, left-to-right)
- **origin**: New York City, U.S.
- **years active**: 2005–now
- **current members**: * Adam Met
* Jack Met
* Ryan Met
Beer Island

**Beer Island** is an island in the South Pacific. It is 1 nautical mile from The Niblets, and was charted and named by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill. It's basically just a lump of ice.

## Related pages

- List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands
Bryan Yuile

**Bryan William Yuile** was born 29 October, 1941 in Palmerston North. He was a New Zealand cricketer who played 17 tests for New Zealand and also played for Central Districts in Plunket Shield. He, Bruce Murray, and Vic Pollard objected to playing cricket on Sundays.
Murray Chapple

**Murray Ernest Chapple** (25 July 1930 – 31 July 1985) was a New Zealand cricketer who was born in Christchurch. An all-rounder, he was a left arm medium pace bowler and a right-handed batter.

Badcock played in a total of 119 first-class matches from 1949 to 1972, representing Canterbury and Central Districts in the Plunket Shield. In international cricket, he played for New Zealand in fourteen Test matches from 1953 to 1966.

Murray Chapple died in Hamilton, New Zealand, aged 55.
Barry Hadlee

**Barry George Hadlee** (born 14 December, 1941 in Christchurch) is a former New Zealand cricketer. He played in two one-day internationals for New Zealand in 1975. He is the eldest son of Walter Hadlee, and the brother of Dayle and Richard Hadlee.
Arthur Alloo

**Arthur William Alloo** (9 January 1892 – 16 September 1950) was a New Zealand cricketer who was born in Sydney. He was the brother of Albert Alloo and Cecil Alloo. An all-rounder, he was a right arm off break bowler and a right-handed batter.

Alloo played in a total of 51 first-class matches from 1913/14 to 1930/31, representing Otago in the Plunket Shield. He scored two first-class centuries and took 131 wickets in his career.

Arthur Alloo died in Nelson, aged 58.
Tony Campolo

**Anthony Campolo** (February 25, 1935 – November 19, 2024) was an American sociologist, Baptist pastor, author and public speaker. He was a spiritual advisor to U.S. President Bill Clinton.

Campolo was known as a leader of the evangelical left and was a major supporter of progressive thought in the evangelical community. He also became a leader of the Red-Letter Christian movement.

Campolo was a popular commentator on religious, political, and social issues. He appeared on _The Colbert Report_, _The Charlie Rose Show_, _Larry King Live_, _Nightline_, _Crossfire_, _Politically Incorrect_ and _The Hour_.

Campolo was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied at Eastern University, at Palmer Theological Seminary and at Temple University.

In June 2020, Campolo had a stroke that paralyzed him. He died on November 19, 2024 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania from heart failure at the age of 89.

## Other websites

- Red Letter Christians Blog, by Tony Campolo and friends
- Interview with Tony Campolo  by Stephen McKiernan, Binghamton University Libraries Center for the Study of the 1960s, September 3, 1997

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **honorific prefix**: The Reverend
- **name**: Tony Campolo
- **image**: Tony Campolo (2009).jpg
- **caption**: Campolo speaking in Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland on behalf of World Vision in 2009
- **birth name**: Anthony Campolo
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **ordination**: 1957
- **religion**: Baptist (American Baptist Churches USA)
- **church**: St. John's Baptist Church in Philadelphia
- **occupation**: Associate Pastor of the St. John's Baptist Church in Philadelphia, since 2019, Professor emeritus of Sociology at Eastern University (United States), Eastern University in St. David's, Pennsylvania, St David's, Pennsylvania
 Evangelical Association for the Promotion of Education (EAPE)
- **education**: B.A. at Eastern University (United States), Eastern College,
BD and MDiv at Palmer Theological Seminary, Eastern Baptist Theological Seminary
PhD, Temple University (Sociology)
Digital Agency

The **Digital Agency** (, _Dejitaru-chō_) is an agency of the Japanese government established on September 1, 2021, with the goal of advancing digital transformation in Japan. Its mission includes improving administrative efficiency, strengthening information security, and fostering digital inclusion. The agency operates under the slogan, "Government as a Startup.
Marie Stevens

**Anne Marie Stevens** (born 26 April 1909) was a Belgian track and field athlete, being active during the 1920s and early 1930s. She was specialized in the javelin throw but also competed in other disciplines. She was two times national javelin throw champion and multiple times national record holder.

## Biography

Stevens was born on 26 April 1909 in Anderlecht, Belgium. She was a sister of athletics competitors Léontine Stevens and Catherine Stevens.

Stevens was a member of Brussels Femina Club. In 1929 she moved to Cercle Athlétique Féminin Schaerbeek.

Internationally she competed at the 1924 Brussels Femina Club international women's athletics meeting and was also registered for the 1925 Brussels Femina Club international women's athletics meeting.

In 1928, Stevens improved the one-week-old Belgian javelin throw record of Jenny Toitgans to 23.57 m. The same year she became at the Belgian Athletics Championships national javelin champion. In September 1928, she improved the Belgian record for the second time to 24.68 m. She was registered for the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam for the 4 x 100 metres relay and long jump, but didn't start.

In 1929, Stevens became for the second time Belgian javelin champion with a new Belgian record of 24.98 m. At the 1929 Belgian Championships, she also won the silver medal in the 200 metres and the bronze medal in the shot put.

At the 1932, she won her last medal at the national championships, the silver medal in the javelin throw.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Marie Steven
- **fullname**: Anne Marie Steven
- **birth place**: Anderlecht, Belgium
- **nationality**: Belgian
- **sport**: Track and field athletics
- **event**: javelin throw, sprint, high jump
- **club**: Brussels Femina Club (until 1929)
Cercle Athlétique Féminin Schaerbeek (from 1929)
- **show-medals**: yes
Gustav Thaler

**Gustav Thaler** (21 November 1909 – 6 December 1963) was an Austrian football player and football coach. He played mainly for First Vienna FC as midfielder. He also played one match for the Austrian national football team.

## Career

Thaler made his debut in the top league in 1929  for SC Nicholson. In the following two seasons he became a regular player. In 1932 he moved to SK Admira Wien. He only stayed for a few months and moved to Wiener AC for the second half of the season.

When the WAC faced serious economic difficulties in the mid-1930s, Thaler returned to FC Wien. There he was now used in defense. FC Wien took seventh place in 1937/38. Due to the reorganization of the top division after the annexation of Austria and the inclusion of provincial teams, the club was relegated. Thaler moved to RB Wacker Wiener Neustadt, which he left after just half a season. Thaler then joined First Vienna FC. During the war years he was part of the Vienna team that won the championship three times. As a guest player during the war, Thaler worked for Wilhelmshaven 05 for a long time.

## International

In June 1931 there was an inoffical match against the Switzerland national football team, in which Thaler came on as a substitute for Roman Schramseis. The game  was declared an official international match by the ÖFB in the 1970s. This means that Thaler appears in today's statistics as a national player of the Wunderteam era. In the late 1930s he was also used once in the Ostmark selection and several times in the Vienna city team

## International statistics

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="1"|Austria|1931|1|0|

## Manager career

In the 1950s, Thaler worked as a coach at SC Olympia 33. He was able to achieve five championship titles  within just six years. He led the club from the sixth to the top division, where they stayed two seasons. Thaler was replaced as coach and looked after the second division club FC Stadlau till 1964.

## Honours

- 3× Austrian champion: 1942, 1943 and 1944
- 1× Austrian second division champion: 1957 (as coach)
- 1 match for the Austrian national football team: 1931

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Gustav Thaler
- **birth name**: Gustav Thaler
- **position**: Midfielder
- **years1**: 1929-1932
- **clubs1**: SC Nicholson
- **years2**: 1932
- **clubs2**: SK Admira Wien
- **years3**: 1933-?
- **clubs3**: Wiener AC
- **years4**: -1938
- **clubs4**: FC Wien
- **years5**: 1938
- **clubs5**: RB Wacker Wiener Neustadt
- **years6**: 1939-1944
- **clubs6**: First Vienna FC
- **years7**: 1941-1943
- **clubs7**:  Wilhelmshaven 05 (guest)
- **nationalteam1**: Austria national football team, Austria
- **nationalyears1**: 1931
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: –1958
- **managerclubs1**: SC Olympia 33
- **manageryears2**: 1960-1964
- **managerclubs2**: FC StadlauH
The Adventures of Blinky Bill

***The Adventures of Blinky Bill*** is an Australian animated television series based on Dorothy Wall's books about Blinky Bill, and is a sequel series to the 1992 film _Blinky Bill: The Mischievous Koala_. The series is produced by the Yoram Gross.

It is set in Greenpatch, a fictional Australian bushland town, the series has stories about the activities and misadventures of Blinky Bill, and his family and friends.

## Episodes

In the Philippines, the special was aired across two parts on GMA Network on 1 and 2 December 2020.

### Series overview

|colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Season|rowspan="2"|Episodes|colspan="2"|Originally aired|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="background-color:#4CA93B;"||1|26|||
|style="background-color:#03C03C;"||2|26|||
|style="background-color:#2fce1f;"||3|26|||

## Characters

- **Mayor Pelican**: The town's pompous, unhelpful president.
- **Miss Magpie**: The town's school teacher.
- **Mrs. Koala**: Blinky's mother.
- **Mr. Koala**: Nutsy's long-lost father.
- **Mrs. Platypus**: Flap's mother.
- **Mr. Platypus**: Flap's father.
- **Mrs. Meryl Rabbit**: a Greenpatch resident and mother of many children.
- **Mr. Bobbin Rabbit**: Mrs. Rabbit's husband and father of many children.
- **Granny Grunty Koala**: An elderly koala who is hard of hearing.
- **Ma Dingo**: The bad-tempered mother of Danny, Meatball, Daisy, and Shifty.

## Video games

- _Blinky Bill's Ghost Cave_ (1996)
- _Blinky Bill's Extraordinary Balloon Adventure_ (1997)
- _Blinky Bill and the Magician_ (1998)
- _Blinky Bill's Play & Learn_ (1999)
- _Blinky Bill's Cartoon Maker_ (2001)

### VHS releases

- _Blinky Bill's Favourite Café_ (1994)
- _Blinky Rescues the Budgie_ (1994)
- _Blinky and the Red Car_ (1995)
- _Detective Blinky_ (1995)
- _Blinky Bill Down On the Farm_ (1996)
- _Blinky Bill and the Lost Puppy_ (1996)
- _Sing A Song with Blinky Bill_ (1997)
- _Blinky Bill and the Polar Bears_ (1998)
- _Blinky Remembers Nutsy's Birthday_ (1998)
- _Blinky Bill's Holiday_ (1998)
- _Blinky Bill and the Blue Mystery_ (1999)
- _Blinky Bill Goes Camping_ (2000)
- _Blinky Bill and the Magician_ (2002)
- _Blinky Bill and the Winter's Tale_ (2002)
- _Mayor Blinky Bill_ (2003)

### DVD releases

- _Blinky Bill to the Rescue_ (2014)
- _Blinky Bill's Red Car_ (2015)
- _Blinky Saves Granny's Glasses_ (2015)
- _Detective Blinky_ (2016)
- _Blinky Bill and the Strange Koala_ (2017)
- _Blinky Bill's Treasure Hunt_ (2017)

## Reception

_The Adventures of Blinky Bill_ received generally positive reviews.

## Infobox (television)

- **caption**: Title card
- **genre**: Animated series, Animation
Adventure
Comedy
- **based on**: _Blinky Bill, The Complete Adventures of Blinky Bill_ by Dorothy Wall
- **theme music composer**: Guy Gross
- **country**: Australia
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 3
- **num episodes**: 78
Henk van Rooy

**Henk van Rooy** also written as **Henk van Rooij** (10 January 1948 – 19 November 2024) was a Dutch football player. He played as an attacker.

Van Rooy was born in 's-Hertogenbosch in 1948. He started playing there with , where he played from 1965 at the Tweede Divisie. The following two years he had a contract with FC Den Bosch that played in the Eerste Divisie, but only played six matches with the first team. During his time with FC Den Bosch he mainly played and scored with the second team. In a match against De Volewijckers that was won 7-0 against, Van Rooy scored all the seven goals.

After his contract ended he started playing with the amateur team VV DESK and made it to the Dutch military football team. There he was scouted by Roda JC Kerkrade where he started playing in the Eerste Divisie from 1971. During the two seasons he played with the team he scored 31 goals. From 1973 he signed a contract with NAC Breda and made is debut in the Eredivisie. After two seasons with NAC he played five seasons with Willem II Tilburg where he became a popular player. He played with the club a total of 164 matches and scored 53 times. After the 1978-79 season the club promoted to the Eredivisie. The next season Van Rooy scored nine times in the Eredivisie. Van Rooy ended his career with the Belgian club K.V. Mechelen, where he played two season. Also here the team promoted.

Van Rooy died in the Boswijk nursing home in Vught on 19 November 2024 from Alzheimer's disease, at the age of 76. Willem II Tilburg held a minute's silence in his memory at a subsequent match.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Henk van Rooy
- **image**: Henk van Rooij oud voetballer.jpeg
- **caption**: Van Rooij (2017)
- **birth place**: 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
- **death place**: Vught, Netherlands
- **height**: 193 cm
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: football player
Emile Jansen

**Emile Jansen** (21 November 1959 – 18 November 2024) was a Dutch stage, television and movie actor.

Jansen studied at Gymnasium Apeldoorn and afterwards the drama school in Arnhem. In the theatre he played under the direction of Johan Doesburg in plays by John Steinbeck, Sam Shepard and . Jansen became most known for playing in the television series like _Goede tijden, slechte tijden_ as detective Huibert Remonder; _Zeg 'ns Aaa_ and __. He also played in several movies including _Winter in Wartime_.

Jansen died on 18 November 2024, at the age of 64.

## Other websites

- Profile at Theater Encyclopedie

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Emile Jansen
- **image**: Emile Jansen.jpg
- **caption**: Jansen in 2008
- **birth place**: Apeldoorn, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: actor
Royal Italian Army

The **Royal Italian Army** (_Regio Esercito Italiano_ - REI) was the army of the Kingdom of Italy, During the World War I and World War II.
Piet Zwaanswijk

**Piet Zwaanswijk** (12 September 1947 – 14 November 2024) was a Dutch sculptor, engraver, illustrator, painter, photographer and installation artist.

Zwaanswijk was born in Haarlem in 1947. His father was in the army. Several of his works are war-related.

Together with Jan Heijer, Zwaanswijk founded the museum called  and was a creative workshop in Haarlem. It opened on 30 October 2005 in a vacant commercial building. The museum closed 1 on September 2019.

Zwaanswijk is regarded as "one of the most respected post-World War II visual artists of Haarlem" and his work had a "profound influence on the local art scene".

In 2016, Zwaanswijk's artwork _Merry Fucking Christmas_ in Haarlem received criticism. The work included a mannequin shooting a Christmas peak through the head with a gun. According to Zwaanswijk, it was intended as an indictment of the commercial nature of Christmas. Because some Haarlem residents found it offensive, former alderman Jur Botter asked the artist to remove the work.

Zwaanswijk had his last main exhibition in 2022 named _Deadline_. This anniversary exhibition, in honor of his 75th birthday, was about the theme of war: from the World War I, Vietnam War to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Zwaanswijk suffered from pancreatic cancer and died via euthanasia on 14 November 2024, at the age of 77.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Piet Zwaanswijk
- **image**: Piet Zwaanswijk wearing Order of Orange-Nassau and holding his own self-portrait etching plate.jpg
- **caption**: Zwaanswijk wearing his Order of Orange-Nassau and holding his own self-portrait etching plate
- **birth place**: Haarlem, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: artist
Armistice Army

The  **Armistice Army**, or the **Vichy French Military** was the armed forces of Vichy France, during World War II. Their biggest fighting was in the North African Campaign. In France itself, they got some from the Milice.
Milice

The **Milice** (French Militia) was the paramilitary of Vichy France during World War II. They fought in various actions including the Liberation of Paris.
Volkspolizei

The **Volkspolizei** or **VoPo** (People's Police) was a police force in East Germany founded in 1945.
Korean People's Army

The **Korean People's Army** or **KPA** is the armed forces of North Korea. It is the second largest military organisation in the world. 29.9% of the population of North Korea serve actively in the armed forces.
Nazi Paramilitary Organizations

The **Nazi paramilitary organizations** was the paramilitary of Nazi Party in  World War II.

The major Nazi Party paramilitary groups were as follows:
- _Schutzstaffel_ (SS)
- _Sturmabteilung_ (SA)
- National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK)
- National Socialist Flyers Corps (NSFK)