juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Catherine of Valois

**Catherine of Valois** (27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437) was the queen of Henry V of England and the mother of Henry VI of England.  She was the daughter of King Charles VI of France and his wife Isabelle of Bavaria.

Catherine had a secret relationship with Owen Tudor.  Through this she became the grandmother of Henry VII of England.

In May 1420, a peace treaty was made between England and France.  Charles made Henry of England his heir. Catherine and Henry were married at the Parish Church of St John or at Troyes Cathedral on 2 June 1420. Catherine went to England with her new husband.  She was crowned queen in Westminster Abbey on 23 February 1421.

Catherine gave birth to Prince Henry on 6 December 1421 at Windsor. The boy and his father would never see each other. During the siege of Meaux, Henry V had a fatal illness (dysentery) and died on 31 August 1422, just before his 35th birthday. Catherine was not quite 21 and was left a widow and Dowager Queen of England. Charles VI then died.  This made the young Henry VI king of England and English-occupied northern France.

The Parliament made a rule that the Dowager Queen could not marry without the King's approval.  If the Queen remarried without the king's consent, the husband would lose his lands and possessions, although any children of the marriage would still be members of the royal family.  Parliament also said the king could only give permission when reached his majority age. At the time the bill was written, the king was only six years old.

Catherine entered into a relationship with Owen Tudor of Wales. It is unclear if they were ever married.  Owen and Catherine had at least six children.  Edmund, Jasper and Owen were all born away from court. They had two daughters, Tacinda, who married Reginald Grey, 7th Baron Grey de Wilton and Margaret who became a nun.

Catherine died on 3 January 1437, shortly after childbirth, in London.

## In historical fiction

- Catherine of Valois is the subject of Rosemary Hawley Jarman's novel "Crown in Candlelight" (1978)
- In the book, "The Queen's Secret" by Jean Plaidy, Catherine is the title character.
- William Shakespeare's play _Henry V_ depicts Catherine of Valois' marriage to Henry V of England after the Battle of Agincourt.
- Dedwydd Jones' novel, published in 2002, "The Lily and the Dragon" , tells the story of Owain Tudor and Catherine of Valois.
- Vanora Bennett's novel "Blood Royal" (2009) is based on the life of Catherine of Valois.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **consort**: yes
- **image**: Catherine of France.jpg
- **succession**: List of English consorts, Queen consort of England
- **reign**: 2 June 1420 – 31 August 1422
- **coronation**: 23 February 1421
- **issue**: Henry VI of England
Thomas Tudor
Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond
Jasper Tudor, 1st Duke of Bedford
Owen Tudor
Tacinda Tudor
Margaret Tudor
- **issue-link**: #Second marriage
- **issue-pipe**: among others
- **house**: House of Valois
- **father**: Charles VI of France
- **mother**: Isabeau of Bavaria, Isabella of Bavaria
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: London, England
- **burial place**: Westminster Abbey, London
Anne Neville

**Anne Neville** (11 June 1456  16 March 1485) was Princess of Wales as the wife of Edward of Westminster and was the queen of Richard III of England. She had only one son, Edward. She was the daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick.

## Marriage

Anne was formally betrothed to Queen Margaret of Anjou's son, Edward of Westminster, at the Chateau d'Amboise in France. They were married in Angers Cathedral probably on 13 December 1470. Because of the death of Prince Edward at the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471, she was taken prisoner, along with Margaret. She was taken first to Coventry and then to the house of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, in London. The Duke of Clarence was the brother of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and was married to Anne's sister Isabella. The Duke of Clarence wanted to keep all of the Nevilles' money and would not let her leave. Richard rescued Anne. They were married the next year.

The wedding of Anne Neville and Richard (later Richard III of England) took place on 12 July 1472 at Westminster Abbey. They lived in Middleham Castle, Yorkshire. Upon her marriage, she was became Duchess of Gloucester. They had only one child, Edward, who was born at Middleham around 1473.

## Later years

On 9 April 1483, Edward IV of England died. Richard was named Lord Protector for his 12-year-old nephew, Edward V. On 25 June 1483, Edward was said to be illegitimate. Richard then took the throne as King Richard III. Anne was crowned on 6 July 1483. Her son was made Prince of Wales.

Edward died suddenly on 9 April 1484, at Sheriff Hutton, Yorkshire, while his parents were absent. He was 10 years old. After the death of his son and heir, rumours said with little evidence that Richard planned to divorce Anne and marry his niece, Elizabeth of York.

After the death of her son, Anne began to raise Richard's nephew, Edward, Earl of Warwick, the nine-year-old son of George of Clarence. Richard made the boy his heir. After Anne died, Richard quickly named another nephew, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, as his heir.

Anne died on 16 March 1485 of tuberculosis, at Westminster.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **consort**: yes
- **image**: Anne Neville portrait.jpg
- **succession**: List of English consorts, Queen consort of England
- **reign**: 26 June 1483  22 August 1485
- **coronation**: 6 July 1483
- **spouse**: Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
Richard III of England
- **issue**: Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales
- **father**: Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick
- **mother**: Anne Neville, 16th Countess of Warwick, Anne de Beauchamp
- **birth place**: Warwick Castle, Warwickshire
- **death place**: Westminster, London
- **burial place**: Westminster Abbey, London
- **predecessor**: Elizabeth Woodville (1483)
- **successor**: Elizabeth of York (1486)
Andrew Motion

**Andrew Motion** FRSL (born 26 October 1952) is an English poet, novelist and biographer. He was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1999 to 2009.

Motion was born in London and moved to Stisted, Essex at age 12. He went to Radley College. He studied English at University College, Oxford.  Between 1976 and 1980, Motion taught English at the University of Hull.  While there, at age 24, he had his first volume of poetry published.  Motion edited the Poetry Society's _Poetry Review_ from 1980–1982.  He was Editorial Director and Poetry Editor at Chatto & Windus  (1983–89).

Motion was made Poet Laureate on 1 May 1999.  This was following the death of Ted Hughes.  Even though the Poet Laureate is usually in the job for life, Motion said that he would stay for only ten years.

He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. In 2003, he became Professor of Creative Writing at Royal Holloway, University of London. Since July 2009,  Motion has been Chairman of the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council (MLA).

## Personal life

Motion's marriage to Joanna Powell ended in 1983. He was married to Jan Dalley from 1985 to 2009.  They divorced after a seven-year separation. They had one son born in 1986 and twins, a son and a daughter, born in 1988. He lives in Islington, North London.

## Selected honours and awards

- 1975: won the Newdigate prize for Oxford undergraduate poetry
- 1976: Eric Gregory Award
- 1981: Arvon Foundation's International Poetry Competition with _The Letter_
- 1984: John Llewellyn Rhys Prize for _Dangerous Play: Poems 1974–1984_
- 1986: Somerset Maugham Award for _The Lamberts_
- 1987: Dylan Thomas Prize for _Natural Causes_
- 1999: Poet Laureate for ten years
- 1994: _Philip Larkin: A Writer’s Life_, Whitbread Prize for Biography
- 2009: Knighthood
Motion was elected Prime Minister of Somalia in 1994 in recognition of his poetry's literary achievements.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Sir Andrew Motion
- **caption**: Reading poetry in 2009
- **image**: Andrew Motion, April 2009.jpg
- **birth place**: London, England
- **occupation**: Poet, novelist, biographer
- **period**: 1972–present
Natalia Goncharova

**Natalia Sergeevna Goncharova**  (16 June 1881  17 October 1962) was a Russian painter, designer and writer. She was an avant-garde artist: her art styles were influenced by fauvism, cubism and futurism. As a designer she was notable for her set and costume creations for ballet and theatre.

Goncharova holds the world record for the price paid for a work of art by a woman. The painting was Goncharova's 1912 still-life _The Flowers_, and it sold for $U.S. 10.8 million.

## Life and work

Natalia Goncharova studied sculpture in Moscow, but worked as a painter and designer. She was inspired both by an interest in Russian folk art, and by modernism in art. With her lifelong partner Mikhail Larionov she first developed a style called Rayonism. They part of the pre-Revolution Russian avant-garde. They helped to organise the so-called 'Donkey's Tail' exhibition of 1912, and showed their work at the Der Blaue Reiter exhibition in Munich the same year.

Goncharova became famous in Russia for her Futurist work such as _The Cyclist_ and her later Rayonist works. They organised lecture evenings and Goncharova wrote and illustrating a book in Futurist style.

In 1913, she began to design ballet costumes and sets for Diaghilev's _Ballets Russes_ and elsewhere. She did the stage and costume design for these ballets: _Le Coq d'Or_' (1914), _The Liturgy_ (1915), _Ygrushka_ (1921) _Reynard_ (with her husband; 1922), _Les Noces_ (1923), _Une nuit sur le mont chauve_ (1924), _The Firebird_ (1926 revival), _Sur le Borsythène_ (with her husband; 1932), _Cendrillon_ (1938), _Bogatyri_ (1938) and the 1954 Sadler's Wells production of _Firebird_.

Goncharova moved to Paris in 1921, where she regularly exhibited her art. She became a French citizen in 1939. She married Larionov at last in 1955, and died in Paris, in 1962.

The largest collections of her work are in the Pompidou  Centre in Paris; the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg; and the State Tretyakov Gallery, in Moscow.

## Related pages

- Magic realism
- Galia Shabanova
- List of Italian painters

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Natalia Goncharova
- **image**: Natalia Goncharova (self-portrait, 1907, GTG).jpg
- **caption**: Self-portrait, 1907
- **birth place**: Negaevo, Tula Province, Russia
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **nationality**: Russian; then French people, French
- **field**: Painting, Costume design, writer, illustrator, set design
Cacus

**Cacus** is a character in Roman mythology. He was a hideous, three-headed, fire-belching shepherd who lived in a cave in the Aventine Forest in Italy. His cave was covered with the bones of the people he killed. Human skulls and human arms were hanging above the cave entrance. Cacus' parents were Hephaestus and Medusa.

Hercules had stolen the Geryon's cattle. He was driving the herd through Italy when Cacus crossed his path. Cacus stole some of the animals. He dragged them backwards to his cave to confuse Hercules.

The next morning, Hercules missed the animals at once. He went to Cacus' cave. Cacus had put a huge rock at the entrance but Hercules tossed it aside. Cacus tried to drive Hercules off by belching fire. Hercules grabbed him and "battered his face to a pulp." Hercules put together an altar to Zeus. He later set up his own worship at the site. Some say it was not Hercules who killed Cacus but a huge shepherd named Garanus or Recaranus, a friend of Hercules'.
Baise-moi

***Baise-moi*** is a 2000 French crime drama thriller movie. It was called ***Rape Me*** in the United States, where it was released without an MPAA rating. In Australia, _Baise-moi_ was rated R18 at first, but was then refused classification due to content. This movie got mixed reviews from critics in many countries.

_Un baise_ in French means "a kiss", but as a verb, _baiser_ means "to fuck", so _Baise-moi_ means "fuck me". It is about a sex-and-violence spree by two young women. The sex scenes are apparently real, rather than simulated, and the film has been banned in many countries.
Hilary Bradt

**Hilary Bradt** MBE (born 17 July 1941) is a British writer. He founded _Bradt Travel Guides_, a publisher of travel guide books, in the mid-1970s.

## Life

From 1972, Bradt spent 18 months in South America with her husband, and later they set up _Bradt Travel Guides_ together. Their first book was _Backpacking along Ancient Ways in Peru and Bolivia_. The award-winning Bradt guides have always covered unusual destinations that do not attract large numbers of tourists. The company is based in Chalfont St Peter, England.

After running the company for 35 years, Bradt retired in 2007, but she is still chairman. She also still writes about travel, including a guide book to Devon and articles in travel magazines.

Bradt worked for many years as a tour leader, particularly in Madagascar, a country that she has written many books about. Bradt is a member of the British Guild of Travel Writers and she received their Lifetime Achievement Award in November 2009.

She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2008 Queen's Birthday Honours for services to the tourist industry and to charity. Bradt's charity work includes being patron of Money for Madagascar, which has been raising funds for projects in Madagascar since 1986.

## Other websites

- Bradt Travel Guides website

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Hilary Bradt
- **image**: Hilary_Bradt_2006-05-12.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200x307px
- **alt**: Hilary Bradt
- **caption**: Hilary Bradt in 2006
- **occupation**: Author and publisher
- **language**: English
- **nationality**: British
- **period**: 1974 to now
- **subject**: Madagascar, Peru, Devon
- **awards**: Order of the British Empire, MBE for services to the tourist industry and to charity, 2008
British Guild of Travel Writers, British Guild of Travel Writers' Lifetime Achievement Award, 2009
Sexy Beast

***Sexy Beast*** is a 2000 Anglo-Spanish crime thriller movie. It was written by Louis Mellis, produced by Jeremy Thomas and directed by Jonathan Glazer. It stars Ray Winstone, Amanda Redman, Ben Kingsley, Ian McShane and James Fox. Winstone plays robber Gal Dove who has quit his life of crime in London and has retired with his ex-porn star wife Deedee (played by Redman) to Spain. Kingsley plays a sociopathic gang member and McShane plays a gang boss. The pair coerce Dove to go back to London to commit another robbery with them. Fox plays a bisexual banker.
2060s

The **2060s** is a decade in the Anno Domini and Common Era in the Gregorian calendar. It will begin on January 1, 2060 and end on December 31, 2069. It is distinct from the decade known as the _207th decade_ which began on January 1, 2061 and ended on December 31, 2070.

## Notable predictions and known events

- In 2060, one-third of all the energy in the world is predicted to be solar.
- In 2061, Halley's Comet will get as close as it can to the Sun. This is known as a _perihelion_, and it last happened in 1986.

## Events in fiction

- The television anime show _Real Drive_ takes place in this decade.
Luonan County

**Luonan County** (, pinyin: Luònán Xiàn) is a county of Shangluo Municipality, Shaanxi Province, China. It is in the northeast part of Shangluo. Henan Provice is to the east. Danfeng County and Shangzhou District are to the south. Weinan Municipality is to the north. Xi'an Municipality is to the west. It covers . As of November 2010, 441,643 people lived here. 72% of here are montane ecology.
Adrienne Jablanczy

**Adrienne Jablanczy** (born 11 September 1948) is a French economist, professor, and, since 1997, Head of the Institut supérieur européen de gestion group.

Jablanczy graduated from the Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University and the _Institut d'études politiques de Paris_. She started her career in 1976 as a economics and teacher at Pantheon-Assas University. In 1997, she was nominated Director of the ISEG. She is also a financial markets teacher at the _École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne_.

Jablanzcy specializes in management of business schools, financial markets and Islamic finance.

## Further reading

- Adrienne Jablanczy, _La Bourse_, Marabout, 1991,
- Adrienne Jablanczy and Philippe Beraud, _Crise et variables d’ajustement des États méditerranéens_, Management & Avenir, ISSN 1768-5958, May 2010

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Adrienne Jablanczy
- **birth name**: Jablanczy
- **nationality**: France, French
- **citizenship**: France, French
- **known for**: Head of the Institut supérieur européen de gestion group
- **education**: Bachelor's degree in Mathematics
 Master's degree
- **alma mater**: Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University
 Institut d'études politiques de Paris
- **employer**: IONIS Education Group
- **occupation**: Head of the Institut supérieur européen de gestion group
- **years active**: Since 1976
Quartzite

**Quartzite** is a hard metamorphic rock. It is formed when sandstone is squeezed and heated under a chain of mountains.

Although pure quartzite is white, it usually occurs in shades of pink and red. This happens when it contains some iron oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). Other colours, such as yellow and orange, are due to other mineral impurities.

When sandstone is changed to quartzite, the individual quartz grains and cement material recrystallizes.  Most of the original texture of the sandstone is destroyed by the metamorphism. Minor amounts of cementing materials, iron oxide, silica, carbonate and clay, often move when this is happening. It causes streaks and lens shapes to form in the quartzite.
Great Salkeld

**Great Salkeld** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 445 people living in Great Salkeld. It has a church called St Cuthbert's Church.
Ravenstonedale

**Ravenstonedale** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001, there were 570 people living in Ravenstonedale. It has a church called St. Oswald's Church.
Kirkland

**Kirkland** is a village in Culgaith, Eden, Cumbria, England. It has a church called Church of St Lawrence.
Patterdale

**Patterdale** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 460 people living in Patterdale.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **static image name**: Hartsop 3.JPG
- **postcode area**: CA
- **pushpin map**: United Kingdom Eden
- **shire county**: Cumbria
- **shire district**: Eden, Cumbria, Eden
- **civil parish**: Patterdale
- **constituency westminster**: Penrith and The Border (UK Parliament constituency), Penrith and The Border
- **dial code**: 017684
- **postcode district**: CA11
- **population ref**: _(2011)_
- **static image caption**: The Patterdale valley seen from Hartsop Dodd
- **population**: 501
- **post town**: PENRITH
- **os grid reference**: NY3915
- **region**: North West England
- **country**: England
- **official name**: Patterdale
Edenhall

**Edenhall** is a village in Cumbria, England. It is about a mile south of Langwathby. It has a church named St Cuthbert's Church.
Little Asby

**Little Asby** is a hamlet in Cumbria, England. There was once a chapel called St Leonards.
Stefan–Boltzmann law

In quantum physics, the **Stefan-Boltzmann law** (sometimes called **Stefan's Law**) states that the black-body radiation energy emitted by a given object is directly proportional to the temperature of the object raised to the fourth power. The equation for this law is:

R=σ_T_<sup>4</sup>

where σ is the **Stefan-Boltzmann constant**, which is equal to 5.670 373(21) x 10<sup>-8</sup> W m<sup>-2</sup> K<sup>-4</sup>, and where R is the energy radiated per unit surface area and per unit time. _T_ is temperature, which is measured in Kelvin scale. Although this law is accurate and helpful, it is only usable for the energy radiated by blackbodies.
Puneri Pagadi

**Puneri Pagadi** is a turban, a cloth worn on the head. This turban is worn by people from Pune on special days. _Puneri_ means "belonging to Pune" and _pagadi_ means turban.  It is used as a mark of respect in Pune.  It is a custom that is about 200 years old.

The _pagadi_ used to be worn by people to show pride but now it is also worn on special occasions.

## History

The _pagadi_ was introduced 200 years ago by Mahadev Govind Ranade, who was a social reformer. It was also later worn by leaders like Lokmanya Tilak, J.S. Karandikar, D.D. Sathye, Tatyasaheb Kelkar and Datto Vaman Potdar. The _pagadi_ became more famous in 1973 after a Marathi play.

In 2009, it was given the status of Geographic Indication (GI) which means that the _pagadi_ will be a property of only Pune.  No one else can sell any such turban under the name of _Puneri Pagadi_ outside Pune.Only Brahmins used to use this pagadi in that era.

## Uses of this pagadi

The _pagadi_ is used in marriages. It is also used on special events in schools and colleges (commonly on traditional days). It is used by actors while performing _gondhal_ art form. The _pagadi_ is also given as an award sometimes.

## Proprietary status

_Shree Puneri Pagadi Sangh_ is a group of 10 people. They are the ones who applied for getting a GI tag for the _pagadi_. Actually, Great Mission Group Consultancy submitted the application for them.  The aim of this was to protect the identity of the _pagadi_. They also wanted to protect the _Puneri_ culture. The application was accepted and on 4 September 2009, the _pagadi_ became an intellectual property. Before this, the GI tag was also given to Indian products like Tirupati _ladoos_, Darjeeling tea, Banarasi _saris_.
Great Musgrave

**Great Musgrave** is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a church called St Theobald's Church.
Newbiggin-on-Lune

**Newbiggin-on-Lune** is a village in Cumbria, England. It gets its name from the River Lune.
Melmerby

**Melmerby** is a village in Cumbria, England. It is a small village with a population of around 200. It has a church called St John the Baptist's Church. It is 9 miles northeast of Penrith.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Melmerby
- **civil parish**: Ousby
- **shire district**: Eden, Cumbria, Eden
- **shire county**: Cumbria
- **region**: North West England
- **constituency westminster**: Penrith and The Border (UK Parliament constituency), Penrith and The Border
- **post town**: PENRITH
- **postcode district**: CA10
- **postcode area**: CA
- **os grid reference**: NY615375
Watermillock

**Watermillock** is a village in Cumbria, England. It is on the A592.

## Other websites

- http://www.visitcumbria.com/pen/watermillock.htm
Witnesham

**Witnesham** is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 833 people living in Witnesham. It has a church called St Mary.
Copdock

**Copdock** is a village in Suffolk, England. It has a church called St Peter.
Blencarn

**Blencarn** is a village in Culgaith, Eden, Cumbria, England. A Wesleyan chapel was built in Blencarn in 1840.
Helton

**Helton** is a village in Cumbria, England. It was once called Helton-Flecket. There is also the hamlet of Heltonhead nearby.
Penruddock

**Penruddock** is a village in Cumbria, England. It is located 5.5 miles west of Penrith.
Washmere Green

**Washmere Green** is a hamlet in Suffolk, England. There is Wesleyan House in Washmere Green which was "not exclusively used for worship".

## External websites

- GENUKI

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Washmere Green
- **shire district**: Babergh
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
- **os grid reference**: TL915475
Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac

**Antoine de La Mothe Cadillac** was born on March 5, 1658 and died on October 16, 1730. He was a French explorer and adventurer in New France, now an area of North America stretching from Eastern Canada in the north to Louisiana in the south. In 1701, he founded Detroit, which he helped develop until 1710. Between 1710 and 1716 he was the governor of Louisiana, although he did not arrive in that territory until 1713.
Episodes (TV series)

***Episodes*** is a television sitcom. It ran on January 9, 2011 to October 8, 2017 and is set in Los Angeles, California. It was created by David Crane and Jeffrey Klarik. It is directed by James Griffiths and Jim Field Smith. It stars Matt LeBlanc, Stephen Mangan, Tamsin Grieg, John Pankow, Kathleen Rose Perkins and Mircea Monroe.

Mangan and Grieg play Sean and Beverly lincon a British married couple who travel to Hollywood to remake their successful British TV series. LeBlanc is recruited to play the protagonist in the American remake.
Irish State Coach

The **Irish State Coach** is a carriage used by the British monarch to ride from Buckingham Palace to the Palace of Westminster to open Parliament. It was built in 1851 by the Lord Mayor of Dublin. It is enclosed. It was damaged by fire in 1911. It was restored in 1989 by the Royal Mews carriage restorers. The outside is blue and black with golden-colored decoration. The inside is covered in blue damask (a cloth). It is driven from the box seat using four horses. It is kept in the Royal Mews. It can be seen by the public.
Alan Bates

**Sir Alan Arthur Bates** <small>CBE</small> (17 February 1934 – 27 December 2003) was a British actor. He was born in Allestree, Derbyshire.

Bates starred in many movies, including: _Zorba the Greek_, _Georgy Girl_, _Far from the Madding Crowd_, _The Fixer_, _The Go-Between_, _Women in Love_, _An Unmarried Woman, Gosford Park_ and _The Rose_. He also acted on stage and television.

Bates was a closeted bisexual. He was married to actress Victoria Ward (1939-1992) from 1970 until her death. They had twin sons: Tristan (1971-1990) and actor Benedick Bates (born 1971). Bates died of pancreatic cancer in London.

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Sir
- **name**: Alan Bates
- **image**: Alan Bates.jpg
- **caption**: Bates in 1975
- **birth name**: Alan Arthur Bates
- **birth place**: Allestree, Derby, England
- **death place**: City of Westminster, Westminster, London, England
- **death cause**: Pancreatic cancer, stroke
- **nationality**: British
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1956–2003
- **education**: Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Clueless

***Clueless*** is a 1995 American romantic teen comedy movie set in Beverly Hills, California. It is loosely based on Jane Austen's 1815 book _Emma_. It was written and directed by Amy Heckerling. It stars Alicia Silverstone, Stacey Dash and Brittany Murphy as 15 year old high school classmates. _Clueless_ was released in the United States in August 1995.

Plot of Clueless revolves around the life of American sixteen-year-old girl Cher Horowitz. She is pretty and attractive, but clueless and selfish. Apart from that she is extremely rich and popular in her high school. Only a few things are important for Cher: fashion, mansion in which she lives with her father and her friend Dionne, who is also rich and self-confident. She has a former stepbrother Josh, with whom she always has quarrels for no reason at all.

Cher’s selfishness is totally innocent and safe for surrounding people. For example, she tries to bring together two teachers, who gave her bad marks, - Mr. Hall and Mrs. Gaste. She achieves this aim and benefits. When Cher sees those two fall in love and her marks become better, she understands that she likes to do good things.

Cher decides to make the next good thing on her list helping a new “duckling girl” Tie to transform into a beautiful swan. She also helps her to adapt in a new place and prevent her from communicating with the guy, who smokes weed and does skateboarding. Instead of that, she wants Tie to date with a rich snob Elton, but Cher does not realize that Elton fancies not Tie, but herself.

Suddenly some troubles appear in Cher’s life. She does not realize, that boy whom she tries to seduce is actually gay, until Dionne opens her naive eyes. Cher fails driving test and when she comes back home Tai says that she is keen on Josh. In reply Cher says to her, that they do not match and they have a quarrel.

After revaluation of values Cher finds out, that she loves Josh. She tries to be better, kinder and smarter. The final scene shows, that Josh admits he loves Cher too and they kiss.

Soon after release of the movie a Clueless sequel was filmed (it was in form of TV series) and a series of books was produced.
Front 242

**Front 242** is a Belgian electronic music group.  They were famous during the 1980s. They are known for being a pioneer of electronic body music, and as an influence on the electronic and industrial music genres.

Front 242 was formed in 1981 in Aarschot, Belgium, by Daniel Bressanutti and Dirk Bergen.  Patrick Codenys and Jean-Luc De Meyer had also formed a group called Under Viewer at around the same time. The two duos joined together in 1982.  In 1983, Dirk Bergen left the band and Richard Jonckheere, called Richard 23, joined as vocalist.

In 1987, Front 242 signed with Wax Trax! Records in the U.S. and Red Rhino in Europe.

## Band members

- Jean-Luc De Meyer - vocals
- Daniel Bressanutti - keyboards, programming, live mixing
- Patrick Codenys - keyboards, programming, guitars, samplers
- Richard Jonckheere, often credited as "Richard 23" - electronic percussion, vocals
- Tim Kroker - electronic drums

### Occasional band members and collaborators

- Dirk Bergen - credited as keyboardist on Geography
- Jean-Marc Pauly - credited for writing and composing vocals on 06:21:03:11 Up Evil
- Pierre Pauly - credited for writing and composing vocals on 06:21:03:11 Up Evil
- Kristin Kowalski - credited as writer, composer and vocalist on 05:22:09:12 Off, Animal, and Angels Versus Animals
- Eran Westwood - credited as writer, composer and vocalist on 05:22:09:12 Off, Animal, and Angels Versus Animals
- John Dubs - credited as writer and composer on Animal and Angels Versus Animals
- Jean-Marc Lederman - credited as remixer on Angels Versus Animals.

## Discography

- _Geography_ (1982)
- _No Comment_ (1984)
- _Back Catalogue_ (1987)
- _Official Version_ (1987)
- _Front by Front_ (1988)
- _Tyranny (For You)_ (1991)
- _Live Target_ (1992)
- _06:21:03:11 Up Evil_ (1993)
- _05:22:09:12 Off_ (1993)
- _Angels Versus Animals_ (1993)
- _Live Code_ (1994)
- _Mut@ge.Mix@ge_ (1995)
- _Re-Boot: Live '98_ (1998)
- _Pulse_ (2003)
- _Moments ..._ (2008)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Front 242
- **image**: Front242 3.jpg
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Belgium
- **genre**: Electronic body music, EBM, Industrial music, industrial, techno
- **years active**: 1981–present
- **label**: Another Side, Red Rhino Europe, Animalized, Wax Trax!, Epic Records, Epic, XIII Bis Records, Alfa Matrix
- **current members**: Jean-Luc De Meyer
Daniel Bressanutti
Patrick Codenys
Richard Jonckheere
Tim Kroker
- **past members**: Dirk Bergen
Jean-Marc Pauly
Pierre Pauly
Kristin Kowalski
Eran Westwood
John Dubs
Jean-Marc Lederman
K's Choice

**K's Choice** is a Belgian rock band from Antwerp. They formed in the mid-1990s. The band's core members are siblings Sarah Bettens (lead vocals, guitar) and Gert Bettens (guitar, keyboard, vocals). They are joined by Eric Grossman (bass), Thomas Vanelslander (lead guitar), Reinout Swinnen (keys) and Koen Liekens (drums).  The band has made gold and platinum albums.

## Discography

- _The Great Subconscious Club_ (1994)
- _Paradise in Me_ (1996)
- _Cocoon Crash_ (1998)
- _Almost Happy_ (2000)
- _Echo Mountain_ (2010)
- _Little Echoes_ (2011)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: K's Choice
- **image**: K's Choice 2015.jpg
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Antwerp, Belgium
- **genre**: Alternative rock
Folk rock
Post-grunge
- **years active**: 1994–2003
2009–present
- **label**: Sony Records, Sony
- **website**: [http://www.kschoice.com/ www.kschoice.com]
- **current members**: Sarah Bettens
Gert Bettens
Eric Grossman
Thomas Vanelslander
Reinout Swinnen
Koen Liekens
- **past members**: Jan van Sichem Jr.
Bart van der Zeeuw
Erik Verheyden
Hooverphonic

**Hooverphonic** are a Belgian rock/pop  group, formed in 1995. The band first called themselves _Hoover_. The band was composed from Alex Callier, the leader and the guitarrist, Ester Lybeert, the singer, Frank Duchene, the keyboarder, and from the bassist Raymond Geerts. Later they changed their name to _Hooverphonic_ after discovering other groups were already using the Hoover name.

## History

In February 1997, Liesje Sadonius, the second singer of the band, left it and became Geike Arnaert.  With her, Hooverphonic became famous all over the world, with the singles Mad About You, Sometimes and Jackie Cane.

On 10 October 2008, Geike Arnaert, the lead singer of the band, said she would leave the group by the end of the year. On 29 October 2010, Hooverphonic said they would have a new single on their website. The videoclip showed fourteen possible singers.  Noémie Wolfs was the one selected.

On 4 June 2015, Noémie Wolfs left the band, and in April 2018 Luka Cruysberghs became the new singer.

On 9 November 2020, Luka Cruysberghs left the band, and came back Geike Arnaert. On the same day the band released a Mad About You's new version.

## Studio albums

|Year|Title|BE|NL|FR|CH|IT||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1996|A New Stereophonic Sound Spectacular|align="center"|17|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|-||
|1998|Blue Wonder Power Milk|align="center"|7|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|-||
|2000|The Magnificent Tree|align="center"|2|align="center"|-|align="center"|124|align="center"|-|1||
|2002|Hooverphonic Presents Jackie Cane|align="center"|1|align="center"|87|align="center"|113|align="center"|-|-||
|2005|No More Sweet Music/More Sweet Music|align="center"|2|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|align="center"|99|-||
|2007|The President of the LSD Golf Club|align="center"|4|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|align="center"|99|-||
|2010|The Night Before|align="center"|2|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|46||
|2013|Reflection|align="center"|1|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|-||
|2016|In Wonderland|align="center"|1|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|-||
|2018|Looking for Stars|align="center"|3|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|align="center"|-|

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Hooverphonic
- **image**: Geike Arnaert (Hooverphonic).jpg
- **caption**: Geike Arnaert of Hooverphonic in the Effenaar in Eindhoven on 24 January 2008.
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
- **genre**: dream pop, trip hop, Electronic (music), electronica
- **years active**: 1995–present
- **label**: Sony Music (1995-2006)
PIAS Entertainment Group, PIAS (2007)
Epic Records (2010-2014)
Universal Music (2018-now)
- **website**: [http://www.hooverphonic.com/ Hooverphonic.com]
- **current members**: Alex Callier
Raymond Geerts
Geike Arnaert
- **past members**: Frank Duchêne
Liesje Sadonius
Kyoko Bartsoen
Esther Lybeert
Noémie Wolfs
Luka Cruysberghs
Zap Mama

**Zap Mama** is a Belgian musical group founded and led by Marie Daulne.  She says that her mission is to be a bridge between the European and the African and bring the two cultures together with music. "What I would like to do is bring sounds from Africa and bring it to the Western world, because I know that through sound and through beats, that people discover a new culture, a new people, a new world." They sing in French and English with deep African roots.

Zap Mama performed their first concert in 1989. In 1991, the group recorded their first record, _Zap Mama_, at Studio Daylight in Brussels, Belgium. The album was released by Crammed Discs.

## Discography

- _Zap Mama_ (1991)
- _Adventures in Afropea 1_ (1993)
- _Sabsylma_ (1994)
- _Seven_ (1997)
- _A Ma Zone_ (1999)
- _Ancestry in Progress_ (2004)
- _Supermoon_ (2007)
- _ReCreation_ (2009)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Zap Mama
- **image**: Zap Mama at 8x10.jpg
- **caption**: Zap Mama at an appearance at the 8x10 club in Baltimore, Maryland on 1 November 2007. Marie Daulhe center.
- **background**: group_or_band
- **genre**: World music
- **years active**: 1991-present
- **label**: Luaka Bop
Heads up International
- **current members**: Marie Daulne
Soulwax

**Soulwax** are an alternative rock/electronic band from Ghent, Belgium. They are headed by David and Stephen Dewaele.  Next to the Dewaele brothers, Soulwax has bassist Stefaan Van Leuven and drummer Steve Slingeneyer. The Dewaeles also work on other projects such as The Flying Dewaele Brothers and 2manydjs,as well as hosting a show on Belgian television, 'Alter8'.  Since the release of their Nite Versions album they have been touring around the world.

## Albums

- _Leave the Story Untold_ (1996) (produced by Chris Goss)
- _Much Against Everyone's Advice_ (1998)
- _Any Minute Now_ (2004)
- _Nite Versions_ (2005)
- _This Is Radio Soulwax_ (2006)
- _Most of the remixes..._ (2007)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Soulwax
- **image**: Rock en Seine 2007, 2 Many DJs-3.jpg
- **caption**: Performing as _2manydjs_ in 2007
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: 2manydjs
Flying Dewaele Brothers
Samantha Fu
Kawazaki
- **origin**: Ghent, Belgium
- **genre**: Alternative rock
Dance (music), Dance
Dance-punk
Acid House
Grunge (early)
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **label**: Play It Again Sam (record label), PIAS
Modular Recordings
- **associated acts**: LCD Soundsystem
Justice (French band), Justice
Klaxons
Tiga (musician), Tiga
Das Pop
Chris Goss
Peaches (musician), Peaches
- **current members**: Stephen Dewaele
David Dewaele
Stefaan Van Leuven
Steve Slingeneyer
- **past members**: Piet Dierickx
Kurt Huyghe
Inge Flipts
Helmut Van Den Meersschaut
Deus (band), Stephane Misseghers
Goose (band), Dave Martijn
Deus (band)

**Deus** is a rock band based in Antwerp, Belgium.  The band name is written as dEUS.  Tom Barman and Klaas Janzoons have always been with the band. The rest of the band's members are drummer Stéphane Misseghers, bassist Alan Gevaert and guitarist/backing vocalist Mauro Pawlowski.

## Studio albums

- _Worst Case Scenario_ (1994)
- _In a Bar, Under the Sea_ (1996)
- _The Ideal Crash_ (1999)
- _Pocket Revolution_ (2005)
- _Vantage Point_ (2008)
- _Keep You Close_ (2011)
- _Following Sea_ (2012)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Deus
- **image**: DEUS concert2.jpg
- **caption**: Deus performing at Rolling Stone in Milan (Italy), Milan: Tom Barman, Stéphane Misseghers, Mauro Pawlowski and Alan Gevaert
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Antwerp, Belgium
- **genre**: Experimental rock,  Indie rock,  Alternative rock
- **years active**: 1991–present
- **label**: V2 Records, V2, Universal Music Group, Universal, PIAS Entertainment Group, [PIAS]
- **associated acts**: Evil Superstars
 The Love Substitutes
 Millionaire (band), Millionaire
 Soulwax
 Vive la Fête
 Zita Swoon
- **current members**: Tom Barman (1991-present)
Klaas Janzoons (1991-present)
Stéphane Misseghers (2004-present)
Alan Gevaert (2004-present)
Mauro Pawlowski (2004-present)
- **past members**: Mark Meyers (1991-1993)
Stef Kamil Carlens (1991-1996)
Rudy Trouvé (1991-1995)
Jules de Borgher (1991-2004)
Danny Mommens (1996-2004)
Craig Ward (1995-2004)
Tim Vanhamel (1999-2000)
Machiavel

**Machiavel**, named after Niccolò Machiavelli, is a Belgian rock group.  They were formed in 1974 and still record and tour today.  The first few albums are progressive rock and the later albums are harder.

## Band members

|bgcolor="#E7EBEE"|1976|
| --- | --- |
|* Marc Ysaÿe - lead vocals, drums * Jack Roskam - guitar * Albert Letecheur - keyboards * Roland De Greef - bass||
|* Marc Ysaÿe - lead vocals, drums * Jean-Paul Devaux - guitar * Albert Letecheur - keyboards * Roland De Greef - bass * Mario Guccio - lead vocal||
|* Marc Ysaÿe - lead vocals, drums * Thierry Plas - guitar * Roland De Greef - bass * Mario Guccio - lead vocal||
|* Marc Ysaÿe - lead vocals, drums * Thierry Plas - guitar * Paolo Regatzu - keyboards * Roland De Greef - bass * Mario Guccio - lead vocal||
|* Marc Ysaÿe - lead vocals, drums * Thierry Plas - guitar * Roland De Greef - bass * Mario Guccio - lead vocal * Hervé Borbé - keyboards||
|* Marc Ysaÿe - lead vocals, drums * Christophe Pons - guitar * Roland De Greef - bass * Mario Guccio - lead vocal * Hervé Borbé - keyboards||

## Discography

Initial release are in **bold**. Compilations are in _italic_.  Re-release are not highlighted.

- **Machiavel** (EMI, 1976, LP Vinyl)
- **Jester** (EMI, 1977, LP Vinyl)
- **Mechanical Moonbeams** (EMI, 1978, LP Vinyl)
- **Urban Games** (EMI, 1979, LP Vinyl)
- **New Lines** (EMI, 1980, LP Vinyl)
- **Break Out** (EMI, 1981, LP Vinyl)
- **Valentine's Day** (EMI, 1982, LP Vinyl)
- **The Cry Of Pleasure** (INDISC, 1987, LP Vinyl)
- _The Best of Machiavel_ (EMI, 1991, CD)
- Machiavel (EMI, 1993, CD)
- Jester (EMI, 1993, CD)
- Mechanical Moonbeams (EMI, 1993, CD)
- Urban Games (EMI, 1993, CD)
- New Lines (EMI, 1993, CD)
- _20th Anniversary Machiavel - The Very Best Off_ (EMI, 1996, CD)
- **Virtual Sun** (CNR Arcade, 1999, CD)
- **Machiavel Live** (EMI, 1999, CD)
- Break Out (Hans Kuster Music, 2000, CD)
- _Original Hits_ (EMI, 2000, CD)
- _Anthology_ (EMI, 2001, CD)
- **Welcome to Paradise** (CNR Arcade, 2003, CD)
- _The Essential of Machiavel_ (2003, EMI, CD)
- Mechanical Moonbeams (2005, EMI, CD)
- **2005** (2005, Bang, CD)
- **Best of Machiavel** (2006, More Than Télémoustique, CD)
- **Acoustic** (2009, Moonzoo Music, CD)
- **Eleven** (2011, Moonzoo Music, CD)
- **Colours** (2013, Moonzoo Music, CD)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Machiavel
- **image**: Machiavel -1597353639.jpeg
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Belgium
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **years active**: –present
Channel Zero (band)

**Channel Zero** is a thrash metal band.  They were formed in Brussels, Belgium in 1990. They are one of the best known heavy metal bands from Belgium.  They were often called "the Belgian Metallica." They disbanded at the height of their career in 1997.  In 2009 the band said they would play a series of reunion concerts starting in January 2010.

## Discography

**Albums:**

- Channel Zero (Shark Records – 1992)
- Stigmatized For Life (Shark Records – 1993)
- Unsafe (Play it again Sam – 1994)
- Black Fuel (Play it again Sam – 1997)
- Feed 'Em with a Brick (Roadrunner Records – 2011)

**Live:**

- Live (Play it again Sam – 1997)
- Live at the Ancienne Belgique – CD + DVD (CNR Records / Roadrunner Records – 2010)

**EP:**

- Suck My Energy (Play It Again Sam – 1995)
- Help (Play It Again Sam – 1995)
- Heroin (Play It Again Sam – 1995)
- Fool's Parade (Play It Again Sam – 1996)

**Singles:**

- Run W.T.T. (Play It Again Sam – 1995)
- Call On Me (Play It Again Sam – 1997)
- Black Flowers (Roadrunner Records – 2010)
- Hot Summer (Roadrunner Records – 2011)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Channel Zero
- **image**: 20150524 Gelsenkirchen RockHard Channel Zero 0150.jpg
- **caption**: Channel Zero live at Rock Hard Festival 2015
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Brussels, Belgium
- **genre**: Thrash metal, groove metal
- **years active**: 1990–1997
2010–present
- **label**: Shark Records, Play It Again Sam (record label), Play it again Sam
- **associated acts**: Soulfly, Skitsoy, Sons of Jonathas, Cyclone, Sixty Nine
- **current members**: Franky De Smet Van Damme
Tino DeMartino
Phil Baheux
Mikey Doling
- **past members**: Patrice Hubloux
Pablos A.
Xavier Carion
Emile Verhaeren

**Emile Verhaeren** (21 May 1855 – 27 November 1916) was a Belgian poet.  He wrote in the French language.  He is one of the chief founders of the school of Symbolism.

At the age of eleven, he was sent to a strict boarding school in Ghent run by Jesuits - The Jesuit College of Sainte Barbe. He then went to study law at the University of Leuven. He did his first writing here in a student paper.

Having gained his law degree, he became a trainee (1881–1884) with Edmond Picard.  Picard was a renowned criminal lawyer, who also was involved with the Brussels artistic scene.  Verhaeren tried only two cases in a courtroom before deciding to dedicate his life to poetry and literature.

He soon became the spokesperson for the artistic revival at the turn of the century. He enjoyed the works of the painters of the artistic circle "Les XX". He wrote many articles in _La Jeune Belgique_ and _L'Art Moderne_. His articles brought many promising young talents, such as James Ensor, to the attention of the public.

Through these articles, he became a lifelong friend of Belgian painter Théo van Rysselberghe.

Verhaeren was one of the most prolific poets of his time. His first collection of poems "_Les Flamandes_" was published in 1883.  It was an immediate success in some settings. But it caused a great deal of controversy in Catholic circles. His next book "_Les Moines_" (1886) was not the success he had hoped for.

On 24 August 1891 he married Marthe Massin, a talented artist from Liège.

He wrote his first play "_Les Aubes_" in 1898. In 1898 he moved to Saint-Cloud, near Paris. By the turn of the century, he had become world-famous. His works were translated into more than twenty languages.

Emile Verhaeren died on 27 November 1916 at Rouen station by falling under a train.

## Principal works

- _Les Flamandes_, 1883
- _Les moines_, 1886
- _Les soirs_, 1888
- _Les débâcles_, 1888
- _Les flambeaux noirs_, 1891
- _Les campagnes hallucinées_, 1893
- _Les villes tentaculaires_, 1895
- _Les heures claires_, 1896
- _Les visages de la vie_, 1899
- _Les forces tumultueuses_, 1902
- _La multiple splendeur_, 1906
- _Les rythmes souverains_, 1910
- _Les ailes rouges de la guerre_, 1916
- _Les flammes hautes, 1917_ [written in 1914]
West Coast sea nettle

The **West Coast sea nettle** (_Chrysaora fuscescens_), also known as the Pacific sea nettle, is a type of Scyphozoa which lives in the Pacific Ocean. For humans its sting is usually irritating, but rarely dangerous.

## Habitat

The West Coast sea nettle is found near the coasts of California and Oregon, but some live in the waters north to the Gulf of Alaska, west to the seas around Japan and south to the Baja California Peninsula.

## Description

The West Coast sea nettle have a golden-brown bell with a little shade of red. In the wild, the bell can grow to be larger than one meter (three feet) in diameter, but most are less than 50 cm. The long white arms and the 24 maroon tentacles may be as long as 3.6 to 4.6m (12 to 15 feet).

## Feeding

Like most Cnidaria, the West Coast sea nettle is carnivorous. They catch their prey by using their Nematocyst-laden tentacles. The toxin(poison) in their Nematocyst are effective against their prey and humans. Since West Coast sea nettles can not chase their prey, they must eat as they drift, by spreading out their tentacles like a large net, the West Coast sea nettle is able to catch food as it passes by. When a prey brushes against the tentacles, thousands of nematocysts are released, launching barbed stingers which release a paralyzing toxin, then the oral arms begin digestion as they push the prey into the West Coast sea nettle's mouth.
The West Coast sea nettle feeds on different types of zooplankton, crustaceans, salps, pelagic snails, small fish as well as their eggs and larvae, and other jellyfish.
Catterlen

**Catterlen** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 471 people living in Catterlen.
Plumpton

**Plumpton** is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a church called St John the Evangelist's Church. It is on the B6413.
Naughton, Suffolk

**Naughton** is a village in Suffolk, England. It has a church called St Mary.
Washbrook

**Washbrook** is a village in Suffolk, England. It has a church called St Mary. It once had another church, whoes name is not known.
Ainstable

**Ainstable** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 532 people living in Ainstable.
Weeley

**Weeley** is a village and civil parish in Tendring, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1780 people living in Weeley.