juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John Spratt

**John McKee Spratt Jr.** (November 1, 1942 – December 14, 2024) was an American Democratic politician. He was the U.S. representative for  from 1983 to 2011.

Spratt was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 2010. He died on December 14, 2024 from problems caused by the disease in York, South Carolina at the age of 82.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Spratt
- **image**: File:John Spratt, official Congressional photo.jpg
- **state**: South Carolina
- **term start**: January 3, 1983
- **term end**: January 3, 2011
- **predecessor**: Kenneth Lamar Holland, Ken Holland
- **successor**: Mick Mulvaney
- **office1**: Chair of the United States House Committee on the Budget, House Budget Committee
- **term start1**: January 3, 2007
- **term end1**: January 3, 2011
- **predecessor1**: Jim Nussle
- **successor1**: Paul Ryan
- **office2**: Ranking Member of the House Budget Committee
- **term start2**: January 3, 1995
- **term end2**: January 3, 2007
- **predecessor2**: John Kasich
- **successor2**: Paul Ryan
- **office3**: Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives, House Democratic Assistant to the Leader
- **term start3**: January 3, 2003
- **term end3**: January 3, 2007
- **leader3**: Nancy Pelosi
- **predecessor3**: Rosa DeLauro
- **successor3**: Xavier Becerra
- **birth name**: John McKee Spratt Jr.
- **birth place**: Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S.
- **death place**: York, South Carolina, York, South Carolina, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Jane Stacy
- **education**: Davidson College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Corpus Christi College, Oxford (Master of Arts, MA)
Yale University (Bachelor of Laws, LLB)
- **serviceyears**: 1969–1971
- **mawards**: Meritorious Service Medal (United States), Meritorious Service Medal
Ernie Beck

**Ernest Joseph Beck** (December 11, 1931 – December 12, 2024) was an American professional basketball player. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Beck played seven years in the National Basketball Association for the Philadelphia Warriors, St. Louis Hawks, and Syracuse Nationals from 1953 to 1961.

Beck died in West Chester, Pennsylvania on December 12, 2024, one day after his 93rd birthday.

## Other websites

- Career statistics
Official New Zealand Music Chart

The **Official New Zealand Music Charts** is a chart, a ranking of records, singles and albums in New Zealand. It is published by Recorded Music NZ. It is based on sales of records, but also on digital sales, and streaming. It is compiled once a week. It has been done since 1975, but before there already were regional charts.
Kamidana

**Kamidana** is the name for a shrine or altar used at home, in Shinto religion, mostly in Japan. Usually they look like small versons of the nulidings that hold the shrine. They are used to pray to deceased members of the family, or to local deites, called Kami.
A similar concept are house altars found in Buddhism. These can also be found in Japan. They are called Butsudan.
Mikheil Kavelashvili

** Mikheil Kavelashvili** (; born 1971) is a Georgian politician and former professional footballer. He is the 6th and current President of Georgia after the disputed 2024 presidential election. He was elected to the Parliament of Georgia in the Georgian Dream party.

Before entering politics, he was a striker who played in the English Premier League for Manchester City and in the Swiss Super League for Grasshoppers, Zürich, Luzern, Sion, Aarau and Basel.

He also played for Dinamo Tbilisi and Spartak Vladikavkaz. He played 46 times for Georgia national football team from 1991 to 2002.

On 27 November 2024, the ruling Georgian Dream party nominated Kavelashvili as its candidate for the Presidency of Georgia. On 14 December 2024, he was controversially elected in a process that has been called "illegitimate" and boycotted by the opposition.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **embed**: yes
- **header-color**: lavender
- **height**: 1.80 m
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **youthyears1**: 1989–1991
- **youthclubs1**: FC Dinamo Tbilisi, Dinamo Tbilisi
- **years1**: 1988–1995
- **clubs1**: FC Dinamo Tbilisi, Dinamo Tbilisi
- **caps1**: 132
- **goals1**: 80
- **years2**: 1994–1995
- **clubs2**: → Alania Vladikavkaz (loan)
- **caps2**: 24
- **goals2**: 12
- **years3**: 1996–1997
- **clubs3**: Manchester City F.C., Manchester City
- **caps3**: 28
- **goals3**: 3
- **years4**: 1997–1999
- **clubs4**: → Grasshopper Club Zürich, Grasshoppers (loan)
- **caps4**: 59
- **goals4**: 20
- **years5**: 1999–2002
- **clubs5**: FC Zürich, Zürich
- **caps5**: 81
- **goals5**: 28
- **years6**: 2002–2003
- **clubs6**: FC Luzern, Luzern
- **caps6**: 25
- **goals6**: 5
- **years7**: 2003–2004
- **clubs7**: FC Sion, Sion
- **caps7**: 10
- **goals7**: 6
- **years8**: 2004–2005
- **clubs8**: FC Aarau, Aarau
- **caps8**: 16
- **goals8**: 8
- **years9**: 2004
- **clubs9**: → Alania Vladikavkaz (loan)
- **caps9**: 7
- **goals9**: 0
- **years10**: 2005–2006
- **clubs10**: FC Basel, Basel
- **caps10**: 14
- **goals10**: 4
- **totalcaps**: 396
- **totalgoals**: 166
- **nationalyears1**: 1991–2002
- **nationalteam1**: Georgia national football team, Georgia
- **nationalcaps1**: 46
- **nationalgoals1**: 9


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Mikheil Kavelashvili
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent (2024–present)
- **image**: Kavelashvili cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Kavelashvili in 2025
- **order**: 6th
- **office**: President of Georgia
- **primeminister**: Irakli Kobakhidze
- **1blankname**: Disputed with
- **1namedata**: Salome Zourabichvili
- **term start**: 29 December 2024
- **predecessor**: Salome Zourabichvili
- **otherparty**: Georgian Dream (2016–2022)
People's Power (Georgia), People's Power (2022–2024)
- **office2**: Member of the Parliament of Georgia
- **term start2**: 18 November 2016
- **term end2**: 10 December 2024
- **birth place**: Bolnisi, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union
- **spouse**: Tamar Bagrationi
- **children**: 4
IPhone 15

The **iPhone 15** and **iPhone 15 Plus** are smartphones made by Apple Inc. They are the seventeenth generation of the iPhones. Apple announced the phones on September 12, 2023 at the Apple Event at Apple Park in Cupertino, California. They were launched pre-order on September 15, 2023. They were released on September 22, 2023. After the release date, Apple launched on New York store. Apple switched from Lightning connector to the USB-C to follow the rules of the European Union. The iPhone 15 Plus has a 6.7 Inch 460ppi OLED screen, and the iPhone 15 has a 6.1 Inch 460ppi OLED screen. They have an Apple A16 Bionic chipset.

The iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Plus have 60hz refresh rate screens. Along with the iPhone 15 Pro and iPhone 15 Pro Max. They were successors to the iPhone 14 and iPhone 14 Plus. They have bigger battery than iPhone 14.

## Infobox (mobile phone)

- **name**: iPhone 15
iPhone 15 Plus
- **image**: IPhone 15 Vector.svg
- **alt**: A blue front of the iPhone 15
- **caption**: The front of the iPhone 15 in blue color
- **developer**: Apple Inc., Apple
- **series**: iPhone
- **networks**: 2G, 3G, 4G, 4G LTE, 5G NR
- **discontinued**: Yes
- **predecessor**: iPhone 14, iPhone 14 and iPhone 14 Plus
- **successor**: iPhone 16, iPhone 16 and iPhone 16 Plus
- **related**: iPhone 15 Pro, iPhone 15 Pro and iPhone 15 Pro Max
- **type**: Smartphone
- **form**: Slate
- **os**: **Original**: iOS 17, iOS 17.0
- **soc**: Apple A16, Apple A16 Bionic
- **modem**: Qualcomm X70 5G
- **memory**: 6GB
- **display**: **15:**   resolution, 19.5:9 aspect ratio (~460 ppi density) Super Retina XDR OLED, 60Hz, HDR10, 1000 nits (typ), 2000 nits (peak) supplied by Samsung Display
**15 Plus:**   resolution, 19.5:9 aspect ratio, (~460 ppi density) Super Retina XDR OLED, 60Hz, HDR10, 1000 nits (typ), 2000 nits (peak) supplied by Samsung Display
- **connectivity**: Bluetooth 5.3 (A2DP, LE), Ultra-wideband (UWB), USB-C (with DisplayPort support), Wi-Fi 6 (802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax) dual-band, Near field communication, NFC (reader mode, Express Cards)
Global Positioning System, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, QZSS, BeiDou
- **water resist**: IP68 dust/water resistant (up to 6m for 30 minutes)
- **hac**: M3, T4
- **status**: Discontinued
The Lifetimes Tour

**The Lifetimes Tour** was the fifth concert tour by American singer-songwriter Katy Perry, supporting her 2024 album _143_. It started on April 23, 2025, in Mexico City and ended on December 7, 2025, in Abu Dhabi. The tour included 84 shows and was her first tour in seven years, since _Witness: The Tour_.

## Infobox (concert)

- **concert tour name**: The Lifetimes Tour
- **artist**: Katy Perry
- **album**: _143 (Katy Perry album), 143_
- **number of shows**: 84
- **support act**: Rebecca Black
 Mariana BO
 Midnight Generation
- **producer**: Live Nation (events promoter), Live Nation
- **last tour**: Play (concert residency), Play
(2021–2023)
- **this tour**: **The Lifetimes Tour**
(2025)
- **next tour**: ...
Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders

**Prince Philippe of Belgium, Count of Flanders** (24 March 183717 November 1905) was the third child of Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Louise of Orléans. He is the younger brother of Leopold II of Belgium, and when Leopold II of Belgium died, Philippe’s son Albert I. He was also a Prince of Belgium.

## Marriage and children

In 1867, Prince Philippe married Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. The had the following children: Prince Baudouin of Belgium, Princess Henriette, Duchess of Vendôme, Princess Joséphine-Marie, Joséphine, Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern, and Albert I of Belgium.

## Infobox (noble)

- **name**: Prince Philippe
- **title**: Count of Flanders
- **full name**: French: Philippe Eugène Ferdinand Marie Clément Baudouin Léopold Georges
Dutch: Filips Eugeen Ferdinand Marie Clemens Boudewijn Leopold Joris
- **image**:
- **house**: House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- **father**: Leopold I of Belgium
- **mother**: Louise of Orléans
- **birth place**: Royal Castle of Laeken, Laeken, Belgium
- **death place**: Palace of the Count of Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
- **place of burial**: Church of Our Lady of Laeken
Katy Hudson (Katy Perry album)

**Katy Hudson** is the debut studio album by American singer Katy Perry, who was previously known as Katy Hudson. Released on March 6, 2001, through Red Hill Records, this album differs from her later work by focusing on Christian rock and contemporary Christian music. Its lyrics reflect themes of childhood, growing up, and her Christian faith. Unfortunately, just before the album could gain any real attention, Red Hill Records went bankrupt, which meant it couldn’t be properly promoted. As a result, the album sold only around 200 copies and received a range of mixed reviews.

## Track listing

Credits extracted from _Katy Hudson_ liner notes.

## Personnel

Adapted from _Katy Hudson_ liner notes.
- Katy Perry – lead vocals (1–10), background vocals (2, 7, 8)
- Tommy Collier – production (2, 3), acoustic guitars (1), guitars (3), keyboards (2, 3), loops (2, 3)
- Otto Price – production (1, 7, 8), synthesizers (1, 7, 8), bass (1, 2, 4–10), loops (2), programming (1, 7, 8), B-3 (1, 8), additional guitars (7, 8)
- Scott Faircloff – piano (2), keyboards (2, 3), wurlitzer (3)
- David Browning – production (4–6, 9, 10), keyboards and programming (4–6, 9, 10), B-3 (7), piano (8), string arrangements (5, 9, 10)
- Chris Graffagnino – guitars (4-6, 9, 10)
- Barry Graul – electric guitars/12-str (1), guitars (7, 8)
- Tony Morra – drums (2–6, 9, 10)
- Scott Williamson – drums (7, 8)
- Greg Herrington – drums (1), additional drums (7)
- Matt Pierson – bass (3)
- Jeffrey Scot Wills – saxophone (4)
- Otto Price, III – wah guitar (8)
- David McMullan – brass (7)
- Kim Palsma – woodwinds (1, 8)
- David Davidson – violin (1, 7)
- Kristin Wilkinson – viola (1, 7)
- John Catchings – cello (1, 7)
- Mark Stuart (of Audio Adrenaline) – background vocals (1)
- Stacy Tiernan – background vocals (3)

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Katy Hudson
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Katy Perry
- **border**: yes
- **genre**: * Christian rock
* Contemporary Christian music, contemporary Christian
* alternative rock
- **length**: 48:11
- **label**: Pamplin Music, Red Hill
- **next title**: Ur So Gay (EP), Ur So Gay
- **next year**: 2007
- **chronology**: Katy Perry
Piura District

The Piura District is the main district of the province Piura in Peru.
Klondike Highway

The **Klondike Highway** is a highway that runs from the Alaska Panhandle through the province of British Columbia and the territory of Yukon in Canada, linking the coastal town of Skagway, Alaska, to Dawson City, Yukon.

## Related pages

- List of British Columbia provincial highways
Typhoon Dot (1985)

**Typhoon Dot**, known in the Philippines as **Typhoon Saling**, was the strongest typhoon of the 1985 Pacific typhoon season. Dot formed on October 13 1985.

## Infobox (weather event)

- **image**: Dot Oct 17 1985 0533Z.png
- **caption**: Typhoon Dot approaching the Philippines on october 17
- **date**: October 13-October 22 1985
- **formed**: October 13 1985
- **crossed-over**: Philippines


## Infobox (weather event/jma)

- **winds**: 140
- **gusts**: 220
- **pressure**: 895


## Infobox (weather event/sshws)

- **agency**: JTWC
- **winds**: 175
- **gusts**: 280
- **pressure**: 897


## Infobox (weather event/effects)

- **casualties**: 90 dead
- **deaths**: 90
- **damage**: $105 million (1985 USD)
- **areas**: Philippines Hainan China Vietnam


## Infobox (weather event/footer)

- **season**: 1985 Pacific typhoon season
TransLink (British Columbia)

**TransLink** (formerly **South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority**) is a Canadian transportation authority. It is based in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia and they are responsible for most of the public transportation in the region. TransLink runs buses, the SkyTrain, the West Coast Express, SeaBuses, and the HandyDART.

On January 1, 1998, the organization was created by the Government of British Columbia under the name **Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority**. It started to be used April 1999 and replaced the former BC Transit which now serves everywhere in British Columbia except Greater Vancouver. George Puil was also named as the first Chairman of TransLink with Ken Dobell becoming the first CEO.

On July 19, 2021, Kevin B. Quinn was named as the CEO of TransLink. He was the CEO of the Maryland Transit Administration from 2017 until 2020.

In 2022, they reported to have a budget of $2.03 billion.
Sean Lucas (actor)

**Sean Lucas**, (born on December 7, 2002) is a Filipino model, actor in the Philippines, he is currently contract at Sparkle agency and under at GMA Network.

## Career

Lucas was born and raised in the city of Davao on 7, December 2002, He studied at Philippine Science High School – Southern Mindanao Campus when he was highschool and De La Salle University of Davao (college).

### Television

- 2024 – _Maka_
- 2024 – _My Guardian Alien_ as Kevin
- 2023 – _Luv is Caught in His Arms_ as Troy Alvis Ferell
- 2017 – _My Fairy Grand Mother_ as Iggy

## See also

- Raheel Bhyria
- Vince Maristela

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sean Lucas
- **birth name**: Sean Lucas
- **birth place**: Davao City, Philippines
- **nationality**: Filipino
- **other names**: Sean
- **occupation**: actor & model
- **known for**: Kevin, Troy
- **years active**: 2017–present
- **eduction**: De La Salle University of Davao
Syed Hamid ul Hasan

**Syed Hamidul Hasan** is a Shia scholar, orator from Lucknow, India. He is also the current principal of Jamia Nazmia.

## Education

He completed his education from Jamia Nazmia up to Mumtaz-ul-Afazil and was taught by Syed Ahmad Ali (son of Mohammad Abbas) along with other learned teachers. After finishing his studies at Madrasatul Waizeen and completing different oriental courses from Lucknow University, Shia Arabic College and Aligarh Muslim University, he went to Najaf-e-Ashraf, Iraq, for higher education. There his teachers included Muhsin al-Hakim and Syed Abul Qasim al-Khoei.

He became the principal of Jamia Nazmia in 1969.

## Social impact

He is an authority on Shia theology.

He has always advocated non-violence.
He has also strived hard over the years to bridge the gap between the two main communities of India viz., the Hindus and Muslims.

He played a prominent role in resolving the century-old Shia-Sunni conflict in Lucknow in 1998. His efforts in maintaining peace in the city by reaching out to other communities have been acknowledged by the media and administration alike.

### Related videos

- Ayatullah Hamidul Hasan's channel on the YouTube
- Ayatullah Hamidul Hasan's moharram lectures

## Infobox (religious biography)

- **honorific-prefix**: Hujjatul Islam
 Sayyid, Syed
- **name**: Syed Hamid ul Hassan
- **native name**: حجۃ الاسلام و المسلمین سید حمید الحسن
- **image**: Ayatullah Syed Hamidul Hasan.jpg
- **caption**: Hujjat ul Islam Syed Ayatullah Hamid ul Hassan at a Muharram Majlis in Sultanat Manzil, Lucknow.
- **religion**: Islam
- **denomination**: Twelver Shi’ism, Twelver
- **school**: Jaʽfari jurisprudence, Ja'fari
- **sect**: Shia Islam, Shia
- **birth place**: Lucknow, India
- **location**: Lucknow
- **title**: Hujjatul Islam
Typhoon Jelawat (2012)

**Typhoon Jelawat** known in the Philippines as **Typhoon Lawin** was a strong typhoon that recurved away from Philippines in 2012

## Infobox (weather event)

- **image**: Jelawat Sept 25 2012 0205Z.jpg
- **caption**: Jelawat on Sept 25 2012
- **date**: Sept 20-Oct 3 2012
- **formed**: September 20 2012
- **dissipated**: October 1 2012
- **name**: Typhoon Jelawat (Lawin)


## Infobox (weather event/jma)

- **winds**: 125
- **gusts**: 205
- **pressure**: 918


## Infobox (weather event/sshws)

- **agency**: JTWC
- **winds**: 160
- **gusts**: 260
- **pressure**: 918


## Infobox (weather event/effects)

- **deaths**: 2
- **damage**: 115
- **areas**: Japan Philippines Taiwan Alaska Russian Far East


## Infobox (weather event/footer)

- **season**: 2012 Pacific typhoon season
Shah Ismail's Turkestan Expedition

**Shah Ismail's Turkestan Expedition** War Between Turkestanis and Safavids

## Expedition

Shaybani Khan invaded the Safavid lands and Shah Ismail showed this as the main reason for the start of this war. Although Shaybani Khan declared that his aim was to go on a pilgrimage, the Safavids did not take this into account. As a result, in 1510, Shah Ismail made an expedition and the Safavids expanded their dominance from the Euphrates to the Ceyhun and Shaybani Khan was killed.
Kalbe Rushaid

**Maulana Kalbe Rushaid Rizvi** (born 8 February 1976) is an Islamic scholar, theologian, and religious leader from India. Known for his knowledge of Islamic jurisprudence and theology, he is also recognized for his multilingual abilities, delivering sermons and speeches in several languages, including Arabic, Persian, English, French, Gujarati, Hindi, Urdu, and Bhojpuri.

## Early life and education

After ten years of Islamic education in Lucknow, he pursued advanced studies at the Islamic University in Jamhuri Islami, Iran. During his time in Qom, he was awarded the _Amama_ (Islamic turban) by Ayatollah Gulpaigani, the head of _Hauza Ilmiya_, Qom. He also received an _Ijaza_ (authorization to transmit Islamic knowledge) from Ayatollah Jawad Tabraizi (R.A), a distinguished Islamic jurist.

## Career

Maulana Rizvi has been actively engaged in promoting Islamic teachings and addressing contemporary socio-political issues. His sermons often emphasize the teachings of the Ahlulbayt (A.S.), and his work is aimed at fostering unity and understanding within the Muslim community.

Maulana Rizvi is fluent in multiple languages. He delivers religious sermons, political debates, and interfaith dialogues in Arabic, Persian, English, French, Gujarati, Hindi, Urdu, and Bhojpuri.

Maulana Rizvi lives in Delhi, India.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kalbe Rushaid
- **image**: Maulana Kalbe Rushaid Rizvi.jpg
- **caption**: Maulana Kalbe Rushaid Rizvi
- **birth place**: Siwan
- **nationality**: Indian
- **occupation**: Religious sermons, Political debates
Hillary Wolf

**Hillary Wolf Saba** (née **Wolf**) is an American former child actress known for playing the role of Megan McCallister in _Home Alone_ and _Home Alone 2: Lost in New York._
Nicefor Czernichowski

**Nikifor Romanovich Chernigovsky** (died in 1675; Polish: _Nicefor Czernichowski_, also known as _Jaxa-Czernichowski_ and _Czernihowski_, Russian: _Никифор Романович Черниговский_) was a Polish noble who is notable for establishing the micro-nation of Jaxa. He fought in the Russo-Polish War of 1654-1667, where he was captured by the Russians and was exiled to Siberia.

## Before Jaxa

Nikifor Chernigovsky was imprisoned by Russians in 1633 during the battle near Novhorod-Siverskyi. He was exiled to Vologda. When the Russo-Polish war ended, he was given freedom. Chernigovsky had married a woman from Moscow during his exile, and so intended to stay in Russia (specifically, the state of Muscovy.) He swore loyalty to the Tsar and converted to Orthodoxy in 1635.

Despite all this, in 1636 he changed his mind and decided to try and go back to Poland. Since this was a betrayal of his loyalty to the Tsar, he was captured and sent back into exile in Yeniseysk. He arrived with his wife in 1637. In 1649, he was sent further east, to the settlements of Ilimsk, Ust-Kut and Kirensk. During this time, he had three sons and two daughters. In 1656 he became a notable leader of Cossacks. In 1657, he attempted to have his nobility officially acknowledged by the Tsar of Russia, but he was left unanswered.

In 1664, the Voivode (military leader) of Ilimsk Lawrentij Obuhov raped Chernigovsky's daughter Pelagia. Nikifor murdered Obuhov in an act of revenge in 1665. For this, Nikifor became an outlaw. Fleeing Russian law, he organized a group of about 80 Cossacks and traveled to the Russian-Chinese border, specifically the Amur river. They settled in the abandoned settlement of Albazin.

## State of Jaxa

Nikifor founded a small kingdom with the local Siberian Duar people, naming it Jaxa after his coat of arms. His state was not officially acknowledged by either Russia or China. The state only had about 500 people.

From the beginning, Nikifor's international position was very strange. After some struggles with Russia, Nikifor declared in 1669 that Russia was their overlord, but Jaxa was still an independent state. In 1670, Jaxa successfully defended itself from a minor Chinese attempt at conquering it. In 1672, the Tsar of Russia issued a death sentence against Nikifor, but two days later the Tsar decided to show mercy and not enforce it.

Some Duar people had been forcibly moved from regions near Jaxa and into Manchuria. In 1675, he was called by these Duar people to free them so that they could join the state of Jaxa. Nikifor decided to lead a small military expedition into Manchuria. He most likley died during his expedition.

Jaxa was annexed by China in 1685.

## Other websites

- Knowledge and Life – A Different Side of History at the Wayback Machine (archived 20 October 2011)
X-Ray binary

## X-Ray binary

X-Ray binary are a type of Binary star system that has a star, called a donor (usually a main sequence star) and an accretor, the accretor is either a neutron star or black hole. The donor gives matter to the accretor. The systems are luminous in X-Rays which are formed from the matter falling from the donor.

## Classification

X-Ray binaries are subdivided into several subclasses. They include:

Low-mass X-ray binary (LMXBs)

Soft X-ray transients (SXTs)

Symbiotic X-ray binary

Super soft X-ray sources (SSXs)

Accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars (AMXPs)

Intermediate-mass X-ray binary (IMXBs)

Be/X-ray binary (BeXRBs)

Supergiant X-ray binary (SGXBs)

Supergiant fast X-ray transients (SFXTs)

## List of X-Ray binary systems

3XMM J004232.1+411314

4U 0614+091

4U 1543-475

4U 1700-37

A0620-00

Aquila X-1

HD 8358

BP Crucis

Centaurus X-3

Circinus X-1

Cygnus X-1

UY Volantias

GX 339-4

Hercules X-1

IGR J17329-2731

OAO 1657-415

UW Coronae borealis

V404 Cygni

V4641 Sagittarii

Vela X-1

X Persei

XTE J1118+480

XTE J1550-564

GRO J1719-24

GRS 1915+105

GS 2000+25

The Bursting Pulsar (GRO J1744-28)

The black widow pulsar (PSR B1957+20)

PSR J0952-0607

M51 ULS 1
Dersim uprising

**Dersim rebellions**, the name given to the rebellions that broke out in the Dersim region during the Ottoman State period in the second half of the 19th century and the 20th century.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Dersim Rebellions
- **date**: 19th century and 20th century
- **place**: Dersim
- **region**: Zara, İmranlı, Refahiye, Tercan, Kemah,Erzincan,  Erzincan Central District, Hozat, Mazgirt, Nazımiye
- **result**: Kurdish Victory
*Ottoman government can establish regional authority
* Dersim partially preserved its autonomy
*Dersim tribes influence in the region continues
- **combatant1**: Ottoman Empire
- **combatant2**: Dersim tribes
- **commander1**: Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
 İsmail Hakkı Pasha (1818-1897), İsmail Hakkı Pasha
 Samih Pasha
 Ali Şefik Pasha
 Neşet Pasha
- **commander2**: Tribal leaders
Tulsi Gowda

**Tulsi Gowda** ( – 16 December 2024) was an Indian environmentalist. She was born in Honnāli, British India. In 2021, she was honored with the Padma Shri. Gowda was known as the "Encyclopedia of the Forest" because she was able to recognise the mother tree of any species of tree.

Gowda died on 16 December 2024, at her home in Honnāli, Karnataka at the age of 86.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tulsi Gowda
- **image**: Tulsi Gowda receiving Padma Shri award (cropped).jpg
- **alt**: Tulsi Gowda an India environmentalist receiving Padma Shri award from President Ram Nath Kovind
- **caption**: Gowda receiving the Padma Shri award from President ram Nath Kovind
- **occupation**: Environmentalist
- **other names**: Encyclopedia of Forest
- **birth date**: 1937 or 1938
- **birth place**: Honnali, Mysore State, British Raj, India
- **death place**: Honnali, Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India
Zakir Hussain (musician)

**Zakir Hussain Allarakha Qureshi** (9 March 1951 – 15 December 2024) was an Indian tabla player, composer, percussionist, music producer and movie actor. He was known for playing classical Indian music. He was honored with the National Endowment for the Arts' National Heritage Fellowship. Hussain has received seven Grammy Award nominations, with four wins, including three in 2024.

Hussain died on 15 December 2024 at his home in San Francisco, California from problems caused by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at the age of 73.

## Other websites

- His website

## Infobox (person)

- **embed**: yes


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Zakir Hussain
- **image**: Zakir Husaain .jpg
- **birth name**: Zakir Allarakha Qureshi
- **birth place**: Bombay, Bombay State (now Mumbai, Maharashtra), India
- **death place**: San Francisco, California, U.S.
- **genre**: Hindustani classical music, jazz fusion, world music
- **occupation**: Musician
- **instrument**: Tabla
- **years active**: 1963–2024
- **label**: HMV
Thēthi language

Language spoken in parts of Bihar state, in regions surrounding present day Madhepura, Saharsha, Purnia.
Pauk Ko Taw

**Pauk Ko Taw** (; , also known as **Ashin Ariawuntha** (; ) is a Buddhist monk from Myanmar. He is involved in both religious and political movements and is a member of Ma Ba Tha, an organization advocating for Buddhist causes in Myanmar. His activities and views have received differing reactions from various groups.

## Early life and ordination

Pauk Ko Taw was born in Myanmar and adopted the monastic name _Warthawa_ early in his religious life. Details about his early years and training remain limited, as he is primarily recognized for his later public and political roles.

## Involvement with Ma Ba Tha

Pauk Ko Taw is an active member of Ma Ba Tha, an organization promoting the protection of Buddhism in Myanmar. While some supporters praise its efforts to preserve Buddhist culture, others criticize its rhetoric for potentially fostering religious divisions. Reports from organizations such as Frontier Myanmar and Burma Human Rights Network discuss the group’s impact on Myanmar’s socio-political landscape.

## Support for the military Junta

After the 2021 military coup in Myanmar, Pauk Ko Taw publicly supported the military government. This position has drawn support from pro-military groups but criticism from human rights organizations and other observers who highlight the military’s alleged human rights abuses. International organizations like Progressive Voice Myanmar and Amnesty International have voiced concerns about the broader implications of his alignment with the junta.

## Connections to Pyu Saw Htee militias

Pauk Ko Taw has been linked to Pyu Saw Htee militias, which are pro-military paramilitary groups. These militias have been accused of involvement in violence and human rights abuses. Human rights groups such as Burma Human Rights Network and Frontier Myanmar have criticized these associations, arguing that they contribute to ongoing conflicts.

## Influence and criticism

Pauk Ko Taw is a notable but divisive figure in Myanmar. His supporters commend his dedication to Buddhist values, while critics view his stances as exacerbating religious and ethnic tensions. Organizations such as Al Jazeera and the International Crisis Group have raised concerns over his influence in Myanmar’s political and humanitarian crises.

## Infobox (religious biography)

- **religion**: Buddhism
- **honorific prefix**: Burmese names, Ashin
- **name**: Pauk Ko Taw
- **native name lang**: my
- **birth place**: Myanmar
- **nationality**: Burmese people, Burmese
- **movement**: Ma Ba Tha (Patriotic Association of Myanmar)
- **monastic name**: Warthawa
- **profession**: Buddhist monk
- **other name**: Ashin Ariawuntha (အရှင်အရိယဝံသ)
Jeep Commander (2022)

The **Jeep Commander**, also known as the **Jeep Meridian** in India, is a mid-size crossover SUV produced by Jeep starting in 2021. It is designed to be a larger version of the Jeep Compass, with three-row seating. The Commander is aimed at markets in Latin America, India, and Japan.

## History

The Jeep Commander was first introduced in Brazil in August 2021. It was launched in India in April 2022.

The Commander uses the same platform as the second-generation Jeep Compass, but it is longer to fit a third row of seats. It is positioned above the Compass in terms of size and features.

## Markets

The Jeep Commander is mainly sold in growing markets like Brazil, India, and Latin America. It was launched in Japan in October 2022, where it is imported from India.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Jeep Commander
- **image**: 2023 Jeep Commander Overland T270 (Colombia) front view.jpg
- **caption**: 2023 Jeep Commander Overland (Colombia)
- **manufacturer**: Jeep
- **aka**: Jeep Meridian (India)
- **production**: 2021–present
- **model years**: 2022–present
- **class**: Mid-size crossover SUV (D-segment, D)
- **body style**: 5-door SUV
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel drive or Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout, all-wheel drive
- **platform**: SCCS platform#SUSW, FCA Small Wide 4×4 LWB
- **chassis**: Unibody
Hyundai Chorus

The **Hyundai Chorus** is a minibus produced by Hyundai Motor Company, primarily used as a tourist bus. It was built in collaboration with Mitsubishi Motors Corporation.

## History

The first generation of the Hyundai Chorus was produced between 1988 and 1994. It was developed alongside Mitsubishi Fuso, which also influenced its design. The second generation was built from 1994 to 1998, with various models available, including the Hyundai Mighty.

## Markets

The Hyundai Chorus was sold worldwide, being sold in Japan, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and South America.

## Models

The Hyundai Chorus was offered in several variations, with seating capacities of 16 or 25 passengers. Models included the Chorus Private, Chorus Tour.

## Cultural Influences

The Hyundai Chorus is mentioned in Steven Laine's book Iconoclast.

## Discontinuation

The Hyundai Chorus was Discontinued in 1998 and replaced by the Hyundai County

## Infobox (automobile)

- **image**: Hyundai Chorus in Savannakhet 01.jpg
- **name**: Hyundai Chorus
- **manufacturer**: Hyundai Motor Company
Mitsubishi Motors Corporation
- **production**: 1988-1998
- **assembly**: Ulsan South Korea (1988-1994) Wanju County South Korea (1994-1998)
- **predecessor**: Hyundai DQ-7
- **successor**: Hyundai County
- **class**: Minibus
- **body style**: Single-deck bus
- **engine**: Mitsubishi 117 HP
- **transmission**: Hyundai/Mitsubishi (manual)
- **aka**: Hyundai Mighty
- **related**: Mitsubishi Fuso Rosa
- **designer**: Hyundai Motor Company, Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation, Mitsubishi Fuso
Ameerega trivittata

The **orange-striped poison frog**, **three-striped arrow frog**, or **three-striped arrow poison frog** (_Ameerega trivittata_) is a frog.  It lives in Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Suriname, and Brazil. Scientists think it could also live in French Guiana and Ecuador.

## Body

These frogs are about 35 mm long from nose to rear end. The biggest male frogs are 42 mm long and the biggest female frogs are 50 mm long. This is one of the biggest frogs in Dendrobatidae. This frog has no teeth. The legs are yellow-green to green-brown in color. The back legs have black spots. The backs of the back legs are black with blue spots.  The belly is black with some green or blue marks.  All four feet are green with blue spots. The four legs are dark green. This frog has two stripes on each side of its body. One stripe is green to yellow in color and goes from the nose to the back legs. The other stripe is white-yellow in color and goes from the eye to the back legs. The iris of the eye is dark brown in color.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day. The frog can live in different kinds of places. Scientists have seen it on the ground in forests that have never been cut down and forests that were cut down and are growing back. They have seen it in grassland forests too. Scientists saw the frog between 20 and 680 meters above sea level in some places and between 500 and 1300 meters above sea level in other places.

One of the places the frog lives is a protected parks: Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul.

## Young

The adult male frogs fight over good places and the female frogs do not. The female frog lays her eggs on the dead leaves on the ground. The male frog watches the eggs.  The frogs take 14 to 17 days to hatch. After the eggs hatch, the male frogs carry the tadpoles to pools of water that dry up for part of the year. The tadpoles take 41 to 54 days to become frogs.

Younger frogs have two green-yellow stripes and big spots where the legs meet the body.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Humans do cut down trees to get wood to build with. People also catch this frog to sell as a pet.
Hyundai Xcient

The **Hyundai Xcient** is a heavy-duty truck developed by Hyundai Motor Company, designed for commercial use. First introduced in 2013, the Xcient serves as the successor to the Hyundai Trago.

## History

The Hyundai Xcient was presented at the 2013 Seoul Motor Show, as a new model in Hyundai’s truck lineup. It was developed to meet the growing demand for more sustainable and efficient commercial vehicles. In 2020, Hyundai, in collaboration with H2 Energy, began mass production of the hydrogen-powered version of the Xcient, a 34-ton cargo truck.

## Hydrogen Version

The Hyundai Xcient hydrogen-powered truck uses a hydrogen fuel cell system that allows it to travel up to 400 kilometers (250 miles) on a full tank of hydrogen. The refueling time is between 8 to 20 minutes.

## Markets

The Hyundai Xcient is sold mainly in South Korea while the hydrogen version is sold worldwide and in Switzerland 1,600 units are expected to be shipped by 2025. In 2021, 140 units of the new model were delivered, along with 46 units of the older model.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Hyundai Xcient
- **image**: Hyundai Xcient 6x2 tractor front side.jpg
- **engine**: **H engine (D6HB38)** (Max. power: 380 ps, Max. Torque: 160 kg·m, Displacement: 9,960 cc, Euro 3), **Powertec engine (D6CC41)** (Max. power: 410 ps, Max. Torque: 188 kg·m, Displacement: 12,920 cc, Euro 4) **Q engine (D6AC)** (Max. power: 340 ps, Max. Torque: 140 kg·m, Displacement: 11,149 cc, Euro 1)
- **aka**: Hyundai Trago Xcient
 Hyundai Super Truck Xcient (Africa, Asia Pacific, Middle East, Latin America)
 Inokom Xcient
- **predecessor**: Hyundai Trago
Hyundai New Power Truck
- **production**: 2013–present
- **assembly**: Jeonju, South Korea (Hyundai Motors Jeonju)
Ziyang, China (Sichuan Hyundai)
Kaliningrad, Russia (Avtotor)
Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines (HARI)
Allobates talamancae

The **Talamanca rocket frog** or **striped rocket frog** (_Allobates talamancae_) is a frog.  It lives in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama.

## Body

The adult male frog can be as big as 24 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog can be as big as 25 mm long. The skin of the frog's back is brown in color and its belly is light in color. There is a dark stripe along each side of the body. There are two white stripes around each one. The throat and belly are white in color. Female frogs can have yellow stomachs.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day. It lives on the ground.  in tropical forests. It lives in places where 2000-4000 mm of water falls as rain or other weather each year. People have also seen it on farms and in forests that were destroyed and are growing back. Scientists saw the frog between 0 and 970 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in many protected parks. It also lives near Reserva Ecológica Cayapas-Mataje and Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi-Cayapas.

## Young

The female frog lays her eggs on the dead leaves on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the male and female adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

The tadpoles are dark brown in color on the back, lighter on the belly, and light brown on the tail. They can be 12 mm long.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. Humans do cut down trees to make farms, get wood to build with, make places for animals to eat grass, and make places for people to live. Bad chemicals from farms can hurt this frog. People also brought fish from other parts of the world that eat this frog. In some places, the fungal disease chytridiomycosis has killed this frog.
Enver Hadžihasanović

**Enver Hadžihasanović** (7 July 1950 – 16 December 2024) was a Bosnian general and convicted war criminal. He was the chief of staff of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was Commander of the 3rd Corps.

Hadžihasanović died on 16 December 2024 at the age of 74.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Enver Hadžihasanović
- **caption**: Major General Enver Hadžihasanović, commander of the 3rd Corps of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 3rd Corps and army chief of staff
- **birth place**: Zvornik, PR Bosnia and Herzegovina, FPR Yugoslavia
- **allegiance**: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia
 Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **serviceyears**: 1973–2000
- **rank**: Major general
- **branch**: Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **commands**: Commander of the 3rd Corps of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 3rd Corps
Dick Van Arsdale

**Richard Albert Van Arsdale** (February 22, 1943 – December 16, 2024) was an American professional basketball player and coach in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. His playing career lasted from 1965 to 1977. He played for the New York Knicks and the Phoenix Suns. He coached the Suns in 1987. He had an identical twin brother Tom Van Arsdale, who was also a basketball player.

Van Arsdale died of kidney failure in Phoenix, Arizona on December 16, 2024 at the age of 81.

## Other websites

- Basketball-Reference.com: Dick Van Arsdale (as coach)
- Phoenix Suns History: Dick Van Arsdale
Tom Van Arsdale

**Thomas Arthur Van Arsdale** (born February 22, 1943) is an American former professional basketball player. He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He had an identical twin brother, Dick Van Arsdale, who was also a basketball player. Van Arsdale played for the National Basketball Association from 1965 to 1977.

Van Arsdale played for the Detroit Pistons, Cincinnati Royals / Kansas City-Omaha Kings, Philadelphia 76ers, Atlanta Hawks and the Phoenix Suns.
Conclave (movie)

***Conclave*** is a 2024 mystery thriller movie directed by Edward Berger and written by Peter Straughan. It is based on the 2016 novel by Robert Harris. The movie stars Ralph Fiennes, Stanley Tucci, John Lithgow, Sergio Castellitto, and Isabella Rossellini. In April 2025, after Pope Francis died and the real-life papal election set to happen in the next weeks, the movie had a huge increase of people watching it from their homes. Viewership went up 283% on streaming platforms on 21 April.

## Plot

The movie is about Cardinal Thomas Lawrence (Fiennes) who plans a papal conclave to elect the next pope and soon begins investigating secrets and scandals about each candidate.

## Premiere

_Conclave_ premiered at the 51st Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2024, was released in theatres in the United States by Focus Features on October 25, 2024 and in the United Kingdom by Black Bear Pictures on November 29, 2024.

## Reception

The movie received positive reviews from critics. It was named one of the top ten movies of 2024 by the National Board of Review and the American Film Institute.

## Awards

It received nominations for six Golden Globe Awards. At the 97th Academy Awards, it was nominated for eight Oscars, winning one, for Best Adapted Screenplay.

## Infobox (film)

- **image**: Conclave logo.svg
- **director**: Edward Berger
- **screenplay**: Peter Straughan
- **music**: Hauschka, Volker Bertelmann
- **cinematography**: Stéphane Fontaine
- **editing**: Nick Emerson
- **runtime**: 120 minutes
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $20 million
- **gross**: $127.1 million
Edward Berger

**Edward Berger** (born 1970) is a West German-born Austrian and Swiss director and screenwriter. He is known for directing _Jack_ (2014), _All My Loving_ (2019), _All Quiet on the Western Front_ (2022) and _Conclave_ (2024).

Berger has won two British Academy Film Awards for Best Direction and Best Adapted Screenplay.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Edward Berger
- **image**: 2025 Edward Berger (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Berger in 2025
- **birth place**: Wolfsburg, West Germany
- **nationality**: Austria, Austrian, Swiss people, Swiss
- **education**: New York University, 1995
Sergio Castellitto

**Sergio Castellitto** (born 18 August 1953) is an Italian director, actor, and screenwriter. In 2024, he played Cardinal Tedesco	in the mystery thriller movie _Conclave_.

## Directing works

|Year|Title|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1999|_Libero Burro_||
|2004|_Don't Move_||
|2010|_Love & Slaps_||
|2012|_Twice Born_||
|2015|_You Can't Save Yourself Alone_||
|2017|_Lucky_||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sergio Castellitto
- **image**: Castellitto.jpg
- **caption**: Castellitto in 2009
- **birth place**: Rome, Italy
- **yearsactive**: 1981–present
- **children**: 4, including Pietro Castellitto
Autobiography (album)

**Autobiography** is the debut studio album by American pop-rock singer and actress Ashlee Simpson. Released on June 20, 2004, it was mostly well recieved by critics and a commercial success, peaking at #1 on the Billboard 200 and having spent four weeks there. The album is certified triple platinum. Three singles were released- "Pieces of Me", "Shadow", and "La La", and the title track was used as the theme song to Simpson's MTV reality TV show "The Ashlee Simpson Show".

### Singles

_(Main articles: "Pieces of Me", "Shadow", "La La")_

Simpson released the lead single, "Pieces of Me", on May 17, 2004. It was a success, peaking at #5 on the Billboard Hot 100. The second single, "Shadow", was released on September 14, 2004. It peaked at #57 on the Billboard Hot 100. In the U.K., however, Shadow was not the second single, instead, "La La" was released as the second single from the album. It peaked at #11 on the U.K. singles chart. "La La" was the third (and final) U.S. single, released on November 8, 2004. It peaked at #86 on the Billboard Hot 100.

### Tour

_(Main article: "The Autobiography Tour")_

In 2004, Simpson embarked on a tour, "The Autobiography Tour", in support of the album. The tour was a success, as many dates of the tour sold out. It began on February 16, 2005, at The Grove of Anaheim in Anaheim, California, and ended on April 20, 2005, at Texas Trust CU Theatre in Grand Prarie, Texas. The bands Pepper's Ghost and The Click Five opened for Simpson.

## Billboard/U.K. Chart Positions

|Country|Chart|Date of Peak|Peak|Weeks On Chart|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|United States of America|Billboard 200|August 7, 2004|#1|40|
|United States of America|Top Album Sales|August 7, 2004|#1|40|
|Canada|Billboard Canadian Albums|January 22, 2005|#8|2|
|United Kingdom|Offical Albums Chart|October 16, 2004|#31|11|
|United Kingdom|Offical Physical Albums Chart|October 16, 2004|#31|11|
|Scotland|Offical Scottish Albums Chart|October 2, 2004|#23|14|
Jumba la Mtwana

**Jumba la Mtwana** is the site of archaeological relics on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya, lying close to the Mtwapa Creek, north of Mombasa. It dates back to  the fourteenth century.

## Description

The archaeological site includes three mosques built of coral stone, a tomb and eight houses. The territory was added to the list of national monuments of Kenya on June 4, 1982. The excavations were carried out by James Kirkman in 1972. There are no written historical records about the city, but the Chinese ceramics found make it possible to trace the dating back to the fourteenth century.

The city was located close to fresh water sources and was protected from attack from the ocean. The architectural style is made in the Arabic style using coral blocks.

## Peculiarities

The House with Many Doors is notable for its Gothic-style door. The house is divided into apartments that can accommodate several visitors. The Mosque by the Sea is the best preserved ruin. The tomb contains a funerary stele made of coral. A passage from the Koran is carved on it, but the epitaph is illegible.

## In popular culture

The ruins of Jumba la Mtwana are described and repeatedly mentioned in Andrei Gusev's story "Consummation in Mombasa". The final events in the story take place in Mtwapa (located next to the ruins), where the main characters go after their wedding in Mombasa.

## Related pages

- Ruins of Gedi
- Mnarani ruins

## Infobox (historic site)

- **name**: Jumba la Mtwana
- **image**: Jumba la Mtwana-mosque on the beach-detail-2.jpg
- **location**: Kilifi District, Kenya
- **locmapin**: Kenya
- **map width**: 275
- **map relief**: yes
- **map caption**: Location of the Jumba la Mtwana