juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Christie Brinkley

**Christie Brinkley** (born February 2, 1954) is an American model, actress, writer and designer. She was born Christie Lee Hudson in Monroe, Michigan. She moved to Los Angeles, California and changed her surname to that of her stepfather, writer Don Brinkley (1921–2012). She has appeared on magazine covers many times and has a long contract with CoverGirl (the longest of any model in history). All her four marriages ended in divorce. Her second marriage was to singer Billy Joel and lasted from 1985–1994. Their daughter Alexa Ray Joel (born 1985) is her eldest child and is a musician. Brinkley also has a son by her third husband and a daughter by her fourth.

On March 12, 2024, Brinkley announced on Instagram that she had basal cell carcinoma, a form of skin cancer and had surgery to remove it.
Mike Bibby

**Michael "Mike" Bibby** (born May 13, 1978 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey) is a retired American basketball player who played with the Sacramento Kings of the NBA for most of his career. He attended college at University of Arizona where he played basketball with the Wildcats. Mike Bibby started his NBA career when he was drafted by the Vancouver Grizzlies in the 1998 NBA Draft with the 2nd pick in the 1st round. Bibby played 3 seasons with the Vancouver Grizzlies, 7 seasons with the Sacramento Kings, 3 seasons with the Atlanta Hawks and two games with the Washington Wizards before having his contract bought out by the Wizards on February 28, 2011.

## Other websites

- Mike Bibby's Official website
- Mike Bibby's NBA player profile

## Infobox (nba biography)

- **name**: Mike Bibby
- **image**: MikeBibbyMiamiHeat.jpg
- **caption**: Bibby with the Miami Heat in 2011
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 195
- **nationality**: American
- **birth place**: Cherry Hill, New Jersey
- **college**: Arizona Wildcats men's basketball, Arizona (1996–1998)
- **draft year**: 1998
- **draft round**: 1
- **draft pick**: 2
- **draft team**: Vancouver Grizzlies
- **career start**: 1998
- **career end**: 2012
- **career position**: Point guard
- **career number**: 10, 00, 0, 20
- **years1**: –
- **team1**: Vancouver Grizzlies
- **years2**: –
- **team2**: Sacramento Kings
- **years3**: –
- **team3**: Atlanta Hawks
- **team4**: Washington Wizards
- **team5**: Miami Heat
- **team6**: New York Knicks
- **highlights**: * NBA All-Rookie Team, NBA All-Rookie First Team ()
* List of NCAA Men's Division I Basketball champions, NCAA champion (1997 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, 1997)
* Consensus first-team NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans, All-American (1998 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans, 1998)
* Pac-12 Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year, Pac-10 Player of the Year (1998)
* First-team List of All-Pac-12 Conference men's basketball teams, All-Pac-10 (1998)
* Pac-12 Conference Men's Basketball Freshman of the Year, Pac-10 Freshman of the Year (1997)
* No. 10 retired by the Arizona Wildcats men's basketball#Retired jerseys, University of Arizona
- **letter**: b
- **bbr**: bibbymi01
Vancouver Grizzlies

The **Vancouver Grizzlies** were a Canadian professional basketball team that played in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team started playing in 1995. They started with the Toronto Raptors, as part of the NBA's expansion into Canada. They relocated to Memphis, Tennessee in 2001 and became the Memphis Grizzlies. The Grizzlies played their home games at the General Motors Place (Now Rogers Arena). The Grizzlies were originally going to be called the **Vancouver Mounties** but were forced to find a new name because the RCMP objected it.

The team had struggled in their early years and they finished last in their division in five of their six seasons. Over their six seasons, they had an overall record of 101 wins and 359 loses and were never able to make it to the playoffs.

After the 1998–99 lockout, the team suffered low attendance and a weak Canadian dollar was making the owner Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment lose money on the franchise. After they failed to sell the team to Bill Laurie, it was instead sold to Michael Heisley. At the time, Heisley said that he was going to keep the team in Vancouver, but he then immediately started looking for a suitable relocation city in the US. He would eventually move the team to Memphis, Tennessee for the 2001-02 season.

## Other websites

- Official website (Archived)
- Vancouver Grizzlies history at sportsecyclopedia.com

## Infobox (basketball club)

- **name**: Vancouver Grizzlies
- **conference**: Western Conference (NBA), Western
- **division**: Midwest Division (NBA), Midwest
- **founded**: 1995
- **history**: **Vancouver Grizzlies**
1995–2001
**Memphis Grizzlies**
2001–present
- **arena**: General Motors Place
- **city**: Vancouver, Vancouver, British Columbia
- **colors**: Turquoise, bronze, red

- **owner**: Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment (1995–2000)
Michael Heisley (2000–2001)
- **manager**: Stu Jackson (1994–2000)
Billy Knight (2000–2001)
- **coach**: Brian Winters (1995–1997)
Stu Jackson (1997)
Brian Hill (basketball coach), Brian Hill (1997–1999)
Lionel Hollins (1999–2000)
Sidney Lowe (2000–2001)
- **league champs**: **0**
- **conf champs**: **0**
- **div champs**: **0**
- **1 title**: Home
- **1 pattern b**: _vancouvergrizzlies_home
- **1 pattern s**: _vancouvergrizzlies_home
- **2 title**: Road
- **2 pattern b**: _vancouvergrizzlies_road
- **2 pattern s**: _vancouvergrizzlies_road
Rango (2011 movie)

***Rango*** is a 2011 American computer-animated western comedy film directed by Gore Verbinski and produced by Verbinski, Graham King and John B. Carls. The film was released on March 4, 2011. It was positively received from the audience. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.

## Cast

- Johnny Depp as Rango, a chameleon
- Isla Fisher as Beans, a desert iguana
- James Ward Bykrit as Waffles, a horned lizard
- Abigail Breslin as Priscilla, a cactus mouse
- Alfred Molina as Roadkill, a nine-banded armadillo
- Bill Nighy as Rattlesnake Jake, a western diamondback rattlesnake
- Harry Dean Stanton as Balthazar, a mole
- Maile Flanagan as Lucky
- Ray Winstone as Bad Bill, a Gila monster
- Ned Beatty as John, a desert tortoise
- Timothy Olyphant as The Spirit of the West
- Alanna Ubach as Fresca
- Lew Temple as Furgus
- Ian Abercrombie as Ambrose
- Stephen Root as Doc and Merrimack
- John Cothran, Jr. as Elgin
- Beth Grant as Bonnie
- Gil Birmingham as Wounded Bird
- Blake Clark as Buford
- Joe Nunez as Rockeye
- Daisy Eckersley as Melonee
- Alex Manugian as Spoons
- Logan Grove as Mouse Boy #1
- Kwesi Boakye as Mouse Boy #2
- Kyla Rae Kowalewski as Mouse Girl

## Other websites

- Rango's Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Rango
- **director**: Gore Verbinski
- **producer**: Gore Verbinski
Graham King
John B. Carls
- **writer**: John Logan
- **starring**: Johnny Depp
Isla Fisher
Abigail Breslin
Alfred Molina
Bill Nighy
Harry Dean Stanton
Ray Winstone
Timothy Olyphant
- **music**: Hans Zimmer
- **editing**: Craig Wood
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
- **released**: March 4, 2011
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $135–$150 million
Abigail Breslin

**Abigail Kathleen Breslin** (born April 14, 1996) is an American actress. Breslin was born in New York City, New York. She first appeared in the 2002 science fiction movie, _Signs_. Breslin had her breakthrough role in the 2006 comedy-drama _Little Miss Sunshine_ where she played Olive Hoover. At age 10, she was one of the youngest people to be nominated for an Academy Award.

## Personal life

In April 2017, Breslin revealed that she has been diagnosed with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after she was raped by an ex-boyfriend.

On January 28, 2023, Breslin announced that she married Ira Kunyansky.

## Movies

|id="mwUA"|Year|id="mwUQ"|Title|id="mwUg"|Role|class="unsortable" id="mwUw"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|id="mwVQ"|2002|id="mwVg"|_Signs_|id="mwWQ"|Bo Hess|id="mwWg"||
|id="mwXA"|2004|id="mwXQ"|_Raising Helen_|id="mwYA"|Sarah Davis|id="mwYQ"||
|id="mwYw"|2004|id="mwZA"|_The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement_|id="mwZw"|Parade Girl Carolina|id="mwaA"||
|id="mwag"|2004|id="mwaw"|_Keane_|id="mwbg"|Kira Bedik|id="mwbw"||
|id="mwcQ"|2004|id="mwcg"|_Chestnut: Hero of Central Park_|id="mwdQ"|Ray|id="mwdg"||
|id="mweA"|2005|id="mweQ"|_Family Plan_|id="mwew"|Nicole|id="mwfA"|Television movie|
|id="mwfg"|2006|id="mwfw"|_Little Miss Sunshine_|id="mwgg"|Olive Hoover|id="mwgw"||
|id="mwhQ"|2006|id="mwhg"|_Imaginary Friend_|id="mwiQ"|Hally|id="mwig"||
|id="mwjA"|2006|id="mwjQ"|_The Ultimate Gift_|id="mwkA"|Emily Rose|id="mwkQ"||
|id="mwkw"|2006|id="mwlA"|_The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause_|id="mwlw"|Trish|id="mwmA"||
|id="mwmg"|2006|id="mwmw"|_Air Buddies_|id="mwng"|Rosebud|id="mwnw"|Voice|
|id="mwoQ"|2007|id="mwog"|_No Reservations_|id="mwpQ"|Zoe Armstrong|id="mwpg"||
|id="mwqA"|2008|id="mwqQ"|_Definitely, Maybe_|id="mwrA"|Maya Hayes|id="mwrQ"||
|id="mwrw"|2008|id="mwsA"|_Nim's Island_|id="mwsw"|Nim Rusoe|id="mwtA"||
|id="mwtg"|2008|id="mwtw"|_Kit Kittredge: An American Girl_|id="mwug"|Kit Kittredge|id="mwuw"||
|id="mwvQ"|2009|id="mwvg"|_My Sister's Keeper_|id="mwwQ"|Anna Fitzgerald|id="mwwg"||
|id="mwxA"|2009|id="mwxQ"|_Zombieland_|id="mwyA"|Little Rock|id="mwyQ"||
|id="mwyw"|2010|id="mwzA"|_Quantum Quest: A Cassini Space Odyssey_|id="mwzw"|Jeana|id="mw0A"|Voice|
|id="mw0g"|2010|id="mw0w"|_Janie Jones_|id="mw1g"|Janie Jones|id="mw1w"||
|id="mw2Q"|2011|id="mw2g"|_The Wild Bunch_|id="mw3Q"|Daisy|id="mw3g"|Voice|
|id="mw4A"|2011|id="mw4Q"|_Rango_|id="mw5A"|Priscilla|id="mw5Q"||
|id="mw5w"|2011|id="mw6A"|_New Year's Eve_|id="mw6w"|Hailey|id="mw7A"||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Abigail Breslin
- **image**: Abigail_Breslin_at_2010_TIFF adj.jpg
- **caption**: Abigail Breslin in 2010
- **birth name**: Abigail Kathleen Breslin
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1999–present
- **relatives**: Spencer Breslin (brother)
Dicastillo

**Dicastillo** is a village in Navarre. There are 691 people in Dicastillo. Festivals are held on August. These festivals are celebrated on San Blas, 3rd of February, or on the Asparagu's day, which is in spring. There is a music band called Banda Bizkarra, formed by 30 musicians.
Desiccation

**Desiccation** is the state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying.

A **desiccant** is a hygroscopic (water-attracting) substance that causes desiccation in a moderately sealed container.

## Biology

**Desiccation tolerance** refers to the ability of an organism to withstand or endure extreme dryness, or drought-like conditions.

Plants and animals living in arid or periodically arid environments such as temporary streams or ponds may face desiccation, therefore physiological or behavioural adaptations are necessary to ensure survival. In particular, insects occupy a wide range of ecologically diverse niches and so have a variety of strategies to avoid desiccation.

Desiccation resistance in insects is generally measured by the change in mass during dry conditions.  The overall mass difference between measurements before and after aridity exposure is attributed to body water loss.

### Extreme cases

**Cryptobiosis** refers to the state of an organism that has no detectable metabolic activity, resulting from extreme and unfavorable environmental conditions.
**Anhydrobiosis** refers to the state of surviving the loss of (almost) all body water.

#### Tardigrades

Tardigrades are able to live in environments that would kill most animals. In 2007, scientists discovered that some tardigrades were able to survive 10 days in outer space. Tardigrades can survive more than ten years without water.

#### Rotifers

Rotifers are specialists at living in habitats where water dries up regularly.

The Monogononta, which have males, produce fertilised 'resting eggs' which can resist desiccation (drought) for long periods.

The Bdelloids, who have no males, contract into an inert form and lose almost all body water, a process known as _cryptobiosis_. Bdelloids can also survive the dry state for long periods: the longest well-documented dormancy is nine years. After they have dried, they may be revived by adding water.
Libra

**Libra** generally refers to:

- Libra (constellation), a constellation
- Libra (astrology), an astrological sign based on the star constellation

**Libra** may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

- _Libra_ (novel), a 1988 novel by Don DeLillo

### Music

- _Libra_ (Gary Bartz album), 1968
- _Libra_ (Julio Iglesias album), 1985
- _Libra_ (Lali album), 2020
- _Libra_ (Toni Braxton album), 2005
- _The L.I.B.R.A._, 2020 album by T.I.

### Fictional entities

- Libra Dohko, a manga _Saint Seiya_ character
- Libra (Marvel Comics), Gustav Brandt, the character most commonly associated with the name
- Libra (DC Comics), a DC Comics villain who is one of the leading characters in _Final Crisis_

## Organizations

- Libra Association, an oversight body for the digital currency Diem
- Libra Group, a multinational conglomerate business based in New York and London
- LIBRA, a former Croatian liberal democratic political party that is now part of the Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats
- Libra Party, an Albanian political party
- Libra Foundation, a charitable organization in Maine, US

## Science and technology

- _Libra_ (skipper), a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae
- Libra (Academic Search), a public search engine for academic papers and literature
- Libra (weight), an ancient Roman unit of weight
    - Carolingian pound (), a unit of weight and coinage based on the Roman unit
- Diem (digital currency), formerly Libra, a cryptocurrency project initiated by Facebook
- Libra (Chinese astronomy)
- $Libra, a meme coin that caused a political scandal in Argentina in 2025

## Other uses

- Libra oil field, a giant oil field off the coast of Brazil
- Libra, the brand name in Australia of Libresse feminine hygiene products
Space Jam

***Space Jam*** is a 1996 American live-action/animated sports comedy movie directed by Joe Pytka and produced by Ivan Reitman, Joe Medjuck, and Daniel Goldberg. It stars former basketball star Michael Jordan and the Looney Tunes. The movie won a Grammy Award in 1997 for Best Song Written Specifically for Motion Picture or Television for "I Believe I Can Fly" by singer R. Kelly. The stand-alone sequel _Space Jam: A New Legacy_, starring current basketball star LeBron James, was theatrically released on July 16, 2021.

### Live-action

- Michael Jordan as a fictional version of himself
- Bill Murray as himself
- Wayne Knight as Stan Podolak
- Thom Barry as James Jordan, Michael Jordan's father
- Theresa Randle as Juanita Jordan
- Kenn Michael as Adult Jeffrey Jordan
- Faizon Love as Adult Marcus Jordan
- Reagan Gomez-Preston as Adult Jasmine Jordan
- Manner Washington as Jeffrey Jordan
- Eric Gordon as Marcus Jordan
- Penny Bae Bridges as Jasmine Jordan
- Dan Castellaneta as a basketball fan
- Patricia Heaton as a basketball fan
- Trey Parker as a basketball fan
- Matt Stone as a basketball fan
- Noah Segan as a young boy
- Julia McIlvaine as a young boy
- Cedric Ceballos as himself
- Vlade Divac as himself
- Jeff Malone as himself
- Anthony Miller as himself
- A.C. Green as himself
- Sharone Wright as himself
- Alonzo Mourning as himself
- Charles Barkley as himself
- Muggsy Bogues as himself
- Patrick Ewing as himself
- Larry Johnson as himself
- Shawn Bradley as himself
- Larry Bird as himself

### Voices

- Billy West as Bugs Bunny / Elmer Fudd
- Dee Bradley Baker as Daffy Duck / Tasmanian Devil
- Danny DeVito as Swackhammer
- Bob Bergen as Porky Pig / Tweety / Marvin the Martian
- Bill Farmer as Sylvester the Cat / Foghorn Leghorn / Yosemite Sam
- Maurice LaMarche as Pepe le Pew
- Kath Soucie as Lola Bunny
- Jocelyn Blue as Nerdluck Pound
- Charity James as Nerdluck Blanko
- June Melby as Nerdluck Bang
- Catherine Reitman as Nerdluck Bupkus
- Colleen Wainwright as Nerdluck Nawt / Sniffles
- Darnell Suttles as Monstar Pound
- Steve Kehela as Monstar Blanko / Announcer
- Joey Camen as Monstar Bang
- Dorian Harewood as Monstar Bupkus
- T.K. Carter as Monstar Nawt
- June Foray as Granny / Witch Hazel
- Frank Welker as Charles the Dog

## Other websites

- _Space Jam_'s Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Space Jam
- **image**: Space Jam 1996 logo.png
- **director**: Joe Pytka
- **producer**: Ivan Reitman
Joe Medjuck
Daniel Goldberg
- **writer**: Karey Kirkpatrick
Leo Benvenuti
Steve Rudnick
Timothy Harris
Herschel Weingrod
- **starring**: Michael Jordan
Wayne Knight
Theresa Randle
Billy West
Dee Bradley Baker
 Danny DeVito
- **music**: James Newton Howard
- **cinematography**: Michael Chapman
- **editing**: Sheldon Kahn
- **distributor**: Warner Bros. Family Entertainment
- **released**: November 15, 1996
- **runtime**: 88 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $80 million
- **gross**: $230,418,342
DeMarcus Cousins

**DeMarcus Cousins** (born August 13, 1990 in Mobile, Alabama) is a professional basketball player. He plays for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). His position is center. The Kings chose Cousins with the fifth pick in the first round of the 2010 NBA Draft. Cousins played basketball at the University of Kentucky with the Wildcats.

## Career highlights

- He was selected to the McDonald's All-American team selection in 2009.
- He was selected to the Jordan Brand High School All-American team selection in 2009.
- He was named the 2009–10 SEC Freshman of the Year.
- He was named the Rookie of the Month in July of 2010.

## Infobox (nba biography)

- **name**: DeMarcus Cousins
- **image**: 1 demarcus cousins 2019 (cropped).jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Cousins with the Golden State Warriors in 2019
- **position**: Center (basketball), Center
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 270
- **league**: NBA
- **team**: Los Angeles Lakers
- **number**: 15
- **nationality**: American
- **birth place**: Mobile, Alabama
- **high school**: LeFlore Magnet High School, LeFlore (Mobile, Alabama)
- **college**: Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball, Kentucky (2009–2010)
- **draft year**: 2010
- **draft round**: 1
- **draft pick**: 5
- **draft team**: Sacramento Kings
- **career start**: 2010
- **years1**: –
- **team1**: Sacramento Kings
- **years2**: –
- **team2**: New Orleans Pelicans
- **team3**: Golden State Warriors
- **years4**: –present
- **team4**: Los Angeles Lakers
- **highlights**: * 4× List of NBA All-Stars, NBA All-Star (–)
* 2× All-NBA Second Team (, )
* NBA All-Rookie First Team (2011)
* Consensus second-team NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans, All-American (2010 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans, 2010)
* First-team All-Southeastern Conference, SEC (2010)
* Southeastern Conference Men's Basketball Rookie of the Year, SEC Rookie of the Year (2010)
* SEC All-Rookie Team (2010)
- **bbr**: couside01
- **nba profile**: demarcus_cousins
Fettuccine Alfredo

**Fettuccine Alfredo** is a pasta dish made from fettuccine pasta tossed with Parmesan cheese and butter.

This is an old and simple recipe, in Italy it is simply called _Fettuccine al burro_ ().  The Italian restaurateur Alfredo Di Lelio doubled the amount of butter used.  Alfredo invented his recipe in 1908 in the “trattoria” run by his mother Angelina in Rome, Piazza Rosa. This made it easier for his pregnant wife Ines to eat.  He then in 1914 started selling his variation at his restaurant _Alfredo" in via della scrofa in Rome. _
Alfredo Di Lelio's family since 1950 continue to serve the fettuccine Alfredo in the restaurant "Il Vero Alfredo" in Piazza Augusto Imperatore in Rome.

Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks ate in 1927 at _Alfredo alla Scrofa_ on their honeymoon, and this helped make the restaurant, and Fettuccine alfredo, popular with tourists.

## American version

In U.S. cuisine, cream is used as a sauce base. it may be mixed with other ingredients such as broccoli, parsley, garlic, shrimp, or chicken. Fettuccine Alfredo has now become ubiquitous in Italian-style restaurants in the United States and internationally, although in Italy this dish is not popular at all, as wrongly believed, and it is better known if called "Fettuccine al burro" instead of "Fettuccine Alfredo".

## History

Fettuccine Alfredo is named for Alfredo di Lelio, an Italian restaurant owner. He ran a restaurant in Rome in the first half of the 20th century.

In 1914, his wife, who was pregnant, was having difficulty eating so he adapted a meal of pasta and butter, _pasta al burro_, for her. Later, he put the dish on the menu at his restaurant, the _Alfredo alla Scrofa_, and called his version Fettuccine Alfredo.  Hollywood celebrities Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks visited his restaurant on their honeymoon and eat the dish. When they returned home, they talked often about the dish. This caused the restaurant and the dish to become popular with American tourists.

In 1943, Di Lelio sold the restaurant but kept the right to the name and menu. In 1950, Alfredo Di Lelio reopened a new  restaurant "Il Vero Alfredo" in Rome, Piazza Augusto Imperatore 30. He worked there until his death in 1959. "Il Vero Alfredo" is now managed by his nephews Alfredo and Ines, with the famous “gold cutlery”” (fork and spoon gold) donated in 1927 by two well-known American actors Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks (in gratitude for the hospitality).

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Fettuccine Alfredo
- **image**: Chicken fettuccine alfredo.JPG
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Fettuccine Alfredo served with chicken and caesar salad.
- **country**: Italy
- **region**: Rome
- **creator**: Alfredo di Lelio
- **course**: Main course
- **served**: Hot
- **main ingredient**: Fettuccine
Parmigiano-Reggiano, Parmesan cheese
butter
- **variations**: Broccoli, parsley, garlic, chicken, shrimp
Knockout mouse

A **knockout mouse** is a genetically engineered mouse in which one or more genes have been turned off by a gene knockout.

Knockout mice are important animal models for studying the role of genes which have been sequenced but whose functions are not yet known. By causing a specific gene to be inactive in the mouse, and observing any differences from normal behaviour or condition, researchers can infer its probable function.

Mice are currently the most closely related laboratory animal species to humans for which the knockout technique can easily be applied. They are widely used in knockout experiments, especially those genetic questions which relate to human physiology.

Gene knockout in rats is much harder and has only been possible since 2003.

The first knockout mouse was created by Mario R. Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies in 1989, for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2007.

A detailed explanation of how knockout (KO) mice are produced is at the website of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007.

Aspects of the technology for generating knockout mice, and the mice themselves have been patented in many countries by private companies.
Water chestnut

The **Chinese water chestnut** (or **water chestnut**) is a plant,  _Eleocharis dulcis_.

The corms of the plant are the water chestnuts. It has a crispy white flesh and can be eaten raw, slightly boiled, grilled, pickled, or tinned. This plant comes from China. They are grown in flooded paddy fields.
Gene knockout

A **gene knockout** is a genetic technique in which one of an organism's genes is switched off or replaced by one which does not work.

The organisms, such as knockout mice, are used to learn about a gene that has been sequenced, but whose function is unknown or incompletely known. Researchers draw inferences from the difference between the knockout organism and normal individuals. Knockout is often abbreviated as **KO**.

**Gene knock-in** is the opposite term. There a gene is switched on, or a working gene inserted.

## Method

Knockout is accomplished through a combination of techniques. It starts in the test tube with a plasmid, or other DNA construct, and proceeding to cell culture.

Individual cells are genetically transformed with the DNA construct. Often the goal is to create an animal that has the altered gene.

If so, embryonic stem cells are genetically transformed and inserted into early embryos. Resulting animals with the genetic change in their germline cells can then often pass the gene knockout to future generations.
Stewart-Haas Racing

**Stewart Haas Racing** was a NASCAR racing team based in Kannapolis, North Carolina. The team was co-owned by Tony Stewart and Gene Haas. The team shutdown at the end of 2024. At the time of shutting down, there were four drivers on the NASCAR Cup Series team: Josh Berry, Noah Gragson, Chase Briscoe, and Ryan Preece. Two Xfinity Series drivers drove for the team: Sheldon Creed and Riley Herbst. Gene Haas would start his own team for 2025: Haas Factory Team.
Temple Square

**Temple Square** is a National Historic Landmark and religious center in Salt Lake City, Utah, and is owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).  Temple Square contains the Salt Lake Temple, Salt Lake Tabernacle, Salt Lake Assembly Hall, the Seagull Monument and two visitors' centers.  With 3 million to 5 million visitors a year, Temple Square is the most popular tourist attraction in Utah.

## Other websites

- Official website - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
- Official Site - Temple Square at lds.org
DNA construct

A **DNA construct** is an artificially constructed segment of nucleic acid which is going to be 'transplanted' into a target tissue or cell.

It often contains a **DNA insert**, which contains the gene sequence encoding a protein of interest. The DNA insert has been subcloned into a **molecular biology vector**.

A DNA construct may express wildtype protein, or prevent the expression of certain genes by expressing competitors or inhibitors. It may express mutant proteins, such as deletion mutations or missense mutations. A DNA construct is often used in molecular biology to analyze macromolecules such as proteins or RNA in more detail.

## Molecular biology vectors

A molecular biology vector is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to transfer foreign genetic material into another cell.

The main types of vectors are plasmids, bacteriophages and other viruses, and artificial chromosomes. Common to all engineered vectors are an origin of replication, a multicloning site, and a selectable marker.

The vector itself is generally a DNA sequence that consists of an insert (transgene) and a larger sequence that serves as the 'backbone' of the vector. The backbone will include bacterial resistance genes for growth in bacteria, and promoters for expression in the organism.

The purpose of a vector which transfers genetic information to another cell is typically to isolate, multiply, or express the insert in the target cell.

Insertion of a vector into the target cell is usually called transformation for bacterial cells, or transfection for eukaryotic cells. Insertion of a viral vector is often called transduction.
This Hour Has 22 Minutes

***This Hour Has 22 Minutes*** is a Canadian comedy television series created by Mary Walsh, Cathy Jones, Michael Donovan, Jack Kellum, Gerald Lunz and George Anthony. In Canada reruns are shown on The Comedy Network and new episodes are shown on Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

On a 2004-05 episode, Carolyn Parrish was shown stomping on a George W. Bush doll and performing voodoo on its head which ultimately lead to her dismissal from the Liberal caucus.

## Other websites

- This Hour Has 22 Minutes at cbc.ca

## Infobox (television)

- **camera**: Camera crew
- **runtime**: 22 min.
- **creator**: Mary Walsh
- **starring**: Cathy Jones, et al.
- **country**: Canada
- **language**: English
- **network**: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
- **last aired**: present
- **num seasons**: 18
- **num episodes**: 22-24 each season
Arnold Bennett

**Enoch Arnold Bennett** (27 May 1867 – 27 March 1931) was an English novelist.

He started as a journalist, and during World War I was in charge of propaganda in France.

Bennett was born in Hanley in the Potteries district of Staffordshire, and his best known books were about life in this area.  He changed the names of the five towns in the district, but their names are easy to recognise.

|The Six Towns of Stoke-on-Trent|Bennett's Five Towns|
| --- | --- |
|Tunstall|Turnhill|
|Burslem|Bursley|
|Hanley|Hanbridge|
|Stoke|Knype|
|Fenton|The 'forgotten town'|
|Longton|Longshaw|

## Food

When in London, Bennett liked to eat at the Savoy Hotel's Grill.  He often ate an omelette made with smoked haddock, and this has become known as the Omelette Arnold Bennett.  The Omelette Arnold Bennett has remained a Savoy standard dish ever since.
George Wald

**George Wald** (November 18, 1906 – April 12, 1997) was an American scientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1967 (with Ragnar Granit and Haldan Keffer Hartline) for his discoveries in vision. He was born on November 18, 1906 in New York City and died on April 12, 1997 in Cambridge, Massachusettes, United States.
Passions (soap opera)

***Passions*** was a television soap opera which aired starting July 5, 1999 until September 7, 2007 on NBC and on DirecTV from September 17, 2007 to August 7, 2008. This show focused toward the romantic and paranormal issues of Harmony, a fictional New England town. The storylines centered around multi racial families (the white Cranes and Bennetts, the black Russells, the Hispanic Lopez-Fitzgeralds). It also focused on Tabitha Lenox, a town witch.
Gene targeting

**Gene targeting** is a genetic technique for replacing an existing gene with a mutated (changed) one. It can be done in lab mice or some other model organism.

The method can be used to delete a gene, remove control sections, add a gene, and introduce point mutations.

Gene targeting can be permanent or conditional. Conditions, for example, can be a specific time during development in the life of the organism or limited to a specific tissue.

To date, this method has been applied to a number of species including _Drosophila melanogaster_, tobacco, corn, human cells. mice, and rats.

## 2007 Nobel prize

Mario R. Capecchi, Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on "principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells", in other words, gene targeting.

## Method for mice

First a DNA construct is made, usually in bacteria. The construct has the mutated gene or part of it, and a reporter gene, which may be a selectable marker. Mutated DNA is put into a stem cell genome derived from an embryo.

To target genes in mice, the construct is inserted into mouse embryonic stem cells in tissue culture. Cells with the correct insertion can be selected, because they carry a visible marker (such as a gene for white fur where the normal is brown). The treated cells can be added a mouse's tissue by embryo injection. Finally, _chimeric mice where the modified cells make up the reproductive organs are selected for breeding_. After breeding to others of the same kind, the entire body of the offspring mice has the altered gene.

In practice, large numbers of the injected mice are mated, which produces a few white mice (this only occurs when there are white-type cells in the germ line). Cross-breeding the white mice produces 50% of offspring which are homozygous for the marker, and so pure-bred for the experimental gene being inserted. Tests on the mice with the gene insertion can now take place.
Pipit

The **pipits** are a cosmopolitan genus ***Anthus***, of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. Along with the wagtails and longclaws, the pipits make up the family Motacillidae. The genus is widespread, occurring across most of the world, except the driest deserts, rainforests and the mainland of Antarctica.

They are slender, often drab, ground-feeding insectivores of open country. Like their relatives in the family, the pipits are monogamous and territorial. Pipits are ground nesters, laying up to six speckled eggs.
Anonymous work

**Anonymous works** are works, such as art or literature, made by someone who is anonymous. Some authors or artists choose to keep their identity a secret; others cannot reveal their names for legal reasons. In 2007, The Washington Post published an article by an anonymous author describing the use of national security letters by the FBI. In this case, the author, who would have preferred to be named, could not reveal his or her identity because it was against the law.

Some anonymous works are not created by people who choose to be anonymous, but their creators are unknown (not by choice). With some very old or ancient works, the creator's name may simply be lost over the course of history, or historians are not sure. In such cases the author is often referred to as Anonymus, the Latin form of "anonymous". In the United States it is legally defined as "a work on the copies or phonorecords of which no natural person is identified as author."

## Related pages

- Pseudonym
2011 Tucson shooting

The **2011 Tucson shooting** was a mass murder in Tucson, Arizona.

The mass shooting happened on January 8, 2011. Nineteen people were shot. Six of the nineteen people died. Another person was injured.

U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords was holding a public meeting in the parking lot of a Safeway store.

Giffords was shot through the head from a very short distance. Her condition was said to be very bad just after the shooting. The six killed included John Roll, a chief judge for the District of Arizona.

22 year old schizophrenic Jared Lee Loughner was arrested at the scene with five charges filed against him. Loughner pleaded guilty to 19 crimes. He never gave a reason for the shooting. In November 2012, Loughner was sentenced to life in prison.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **map**: Pima County Arizona USA Casas Adobes highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location of the shooting
- **image**: Gabrielle Giffords shooting scene.jpg
- **caption**: Crime scene outside the Safeway
- **location**: Casas Adobes, Arizona (part of Tucson metro area)
- **target**: US Representative Gabrielle Giffords
- **date**: January 8, 2011
- **time**: 10:10 am Mountain Time Zone, MST
- **timezone**: UTC-07:00
- **type**: Mass murder, mass shooting, assassination attempt
- **fatalities**: 6 (including John Roll)
- **injuries**: 14 (including the perpetrator)
- **weapons**: 9x19mm Parabellum, 9mm Glock, Glock model 19 pistol
- **perp**: Jared Lee Loughner
Nintendogs + Cats

***Nintendogs + Cats*** is a video game sequel of Nintendogs. It was released in North America on March 26, 2011. This game has a total of 3 versions. It is made for the Nintendo 3DS.

On April 26, 2011, just one month after this game was released in North America, Nintendogs + Cats have sold 1.7 million copies of the game.

## Ratings

Common Sense Media gave this game 5 out of 5 stars.

## Features

Nintendogs + Cats has more features than Nintendogs, like a RoboDog and cats.

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Nintendo
- **title**: Nintendogs + Cats
- **released**: All versions:
NA: March 26, 2011
- **platforms**: Nintendo 3DS
- **series**: Nintendogs
- **genre**: Pet simulator
- **caption**: The Golden Retriever game card.
Trey Songz

**Tremaine Aldon Neverson** (born November 28, 1984 ), better known by his stage name _Trey Songz_.
Songz was born in Petersburg, Virginia, and raised in a military family,  He did not intend having a musical career as a child due to his shyness, saying "Singing wasn't a reality for me, until other people started noticing I sounded good." He recognized his vocal abilities at the age of 14 in 1998 (jobs).
A
Some refer to him as 'The Prince of R&B'. His 2010 album, _Passion, Pain and Pleasure_, entered the Billboard magazine charts at Number 2 in September 2010. the song "Bottoms Up" from the album got into the Top Ten songs.

## Recordings

- _ Step Up 3D_ - Soundtrack Appearance
- _I Gotta Make It_ - 2005
- _Trey Day_- 2007
- _Ready_ - 2009
- _Passion, Pain and Pleasure_ - 2010
- _Chapter V_ - 2012
- _Trigga_ - 2014
- Tremaine: The Album - 2017

## Other websites

- Trey Songz website
Mad About You

***Mad About You*** is an American situation comedy. It began on NBC on September 23, 1992. It ended on May 24, 1999. It stars Paul Reiser and Helen Hunt. They play a married couple living in New York City. Near the end of the sitcom's run, the couple have a baby, Mabel.
Go Ask Alice

***Go Ask Alice*** is a controversial book from 1971. The book is said to be the actual diary of an anonymous teenage girl who became addicted to drugs. The diarist's name is never given in the book. The title is from the lyrics to the Jefferson Airplane song "White Rabbit". Grace Slick wrote the song based on drug references in the classic novel _Alice's Adventures In Wonderland_ by Lewis Carroll.

The story caused a sensation when published and remains in print as of 2011. Revelations about the book's origin have caused much doubt as to its authenticity and factual accounts, and the publishers have listed it as a work of fiction since at least the mid-late 1980s. Although it is still published under the byline "Anonymous", press interviews and copyright records suggest that it is largely or wholly the work of its purported editor, Beatrice Sparks. Some of the days and dates referenced in the book put the timeline from 1968 until 1970.

The teenage girl is insecure and wants more friends. She does this by taking drugs. Because of this she gets all kind of problems and is not a 'real' child anymore.

## Plot

A 15-year-old girl begins keeping a diary. With a sensitive, observant style, she records her thoughts and concerns about issues such as crushes, weight loss, sexuality, social acceptance, and difficulty relating to her parents. The diarist's father, a college professor, accepts a teaching position at a new college. After the move the diarist feels like an outcast at the new school, with no friends. She then meets Beth and they become best friends. When Beth leaves for summer camp the diarist returns to her hometown to stay with her grandparents. She reunites with an old school neighbor, Jill. Jill is impressed by the diarist's move to a larger town, and invites her to a party. At the party, bottles of sodas—some of which are laced with LSD—were served. The diarist was not aware about LSD and has an intense and pleasurable trip. Over the following days the diarist continues friendships with the people from the party and willingly uses more drugs. She loses her virginity while on LSD. She worries she may be pregnant, and her grandfather has a small heart attack. Guilt and lies were overwhelming her.
National Climatic Data Center

The United States **National Climatic Data Center** (**NCDC**) in Asheville, North Carolina is the world's largest active archive of weather data.  The center became established in late 1951, and moved into a new facility  in early 1952. The center collects data on climate change, science, and transportation.
Model organism

A **model organism** is a non-human species that is studied over many years, building up a lot of knowledge about it in order to understand fundamental biological phenomena. The hope is that discoveries made in the model will give insight into how other organisms work.

In particular, model organisms are widely used in animal testing to explore potential causes and treatments for human disease when experimenting on humans would be impossible or less ethical.

This strategy is made possible by the similarities of all living organisms. They are similar because of their common descent and the conservation of metabolic and developmental pathways and genes  over the course of evolution.

### _Drosophila melanogaster_

_Drosophila melanogaster_ was one of the first animals used for genetics. Today it is one of the most widely used and genetically best-known of all eukaryotic organisms.

All organisms use common genetic systems; understanding  transcription and replication in fruit flies helps to understand these processes in other eukaryotes, including humans.

Studies of X-linked traits confirmed that genes are found on chromosomes. Studies of linked traits led to the first maps of genetic loci on chromosomes. The first maps of _Drosophila_ chromosomes were done by Alfred Sturtevant.

_Drosophila melanogaster_ is one of the most studied organisms in biological research, particularly in genetics and developmental biology. Its complete genome was sequenced and first published in 2000.

Because great deal is known about its development from egg to larva to adult, it is a key model for developmental genetics, or evo-devo. The hox genes, or homeobox, which control development in metazoa, were worked out first of all in _Drosophila_.

### _Escherischia coli_

In 1946, Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum first described the phenomenon known as bacterial conjugation using _Escherichia coli_ as a model bacterium.

_E. coli_ was an integral part of the first experiments to understand phage genetics, and early researchers, such as Seymour Benzer, used _E. coli_ and phage T4 to understand the topography of gene structure. Before Benzer's research, it was not known whether the gene was a linear structure, or if it had a branching pattern.

_E. coli_ was one of the first organisms to have its genome sequenced; the complete genome of _E. coli_ K12 was published by _Science_ in 1997.

The long-term evolution experiments using _E. coli_, begun by Richard Lenski in 1988, have allowed direct observation of major evolutionary shifts in the laboratory.

## Other model organisms

- Viruses
    - Phage Lamda
    - Tobacco Mosaic Virus
- Protists
    - _Emiliania huxleyi_: coccolithophore alga, extensively studied as a model phytoplankton species
    - _Chlamydomonas reinhardtii_
- Fungi
    - _Aspergillus nidulans_
    - _Neurospora crassa_
- Plants
    - _Arabidopsis thalliana_
    - _Zea mays_ Maize
    - _Pisum sativum_, Pea
- Animals
    - _Caenorhabditis elegans_, a nematode
    - _Tribolium castaneum_, flour beetle
    - _Drosophila melanogaster_
    - _Mus musculus_, the mouse
    - _Rattus norvegicus_, the Norwegian rat
John McGraw

**John Joseph McGraw** (April 7, 1873– February 25, 1934) was a Major League baseball player/manager from 1894-1932. He was a player for the Baltimore Orioles and the New York Giants from 1894 until 1906. McGraw died one year after he stopped managing for the Giants.
HuffPost

***HuffPost*** (used to be called ***The Huffington Post***) is an American liberal news website and political blog. It was founded in 2005 by Andrew Breitbart, Arianna Huffington, Kenneth Lerer, and Jonah Peretti. The website prints news stories and columns (called blogs) by celebrities, politicians, academics, and other well known people who have been invited to write for them.

_HuffPost_ has around 25 million visitors each month and is the most well known political blog in the world. Der Spiegel calls The Huffington Post the most important source of information for millions of Americans.

On February 7, 2011, AOL announced it would acquire _The Huffington Post_ for US$315 million.

## Contributors

_HuffPost_ has both staff writers, and other individuals they have invited to write for them, from politicians and celebrities to academics and policy experts, who contribute on a wide range of topics. The term _blog_ is used for columns written by both staff and invited columnists.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: _HuffPost_
- **logo**: HuffPost.svg
- **commercial**: Yes
- **type**: News aggregator, News and opinion
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: AOL
- **editor**: Lydia Polgreen
- **current status**: Active
- **parent**: Verizon Media
- **location city**: 770 Broadway, New York City
- **location country**: United States 10003
Denim

**Denim** is a very strong kind of cloth. Denim has been used in the United States since the late 18th century.  The word comes from the name of a cloth called serge.  Serge was first made in the French town of Nîmes (de Nîmes)), by the André family.  First called _serge de Nîmes_, the name was soon shortened to denim.

Denims are highly popular throughout India.  Before in celebrations, formal wear was obvious.  These days in many functions and even in workplaces, there is no shortage of people donning denims.  International brand skinny jeans available in Asia and the market sees introduction of new styles.
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Denim was usually colored blue with indigo dye to make blue "jeans," though "jean" meant a different, lighter cotton textile.

## Jeans vehicles

Between 1973 and 1975, Volkswagen made the Jeans Beetle, which had all-denim trim. They did this again in some later models.
Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez

The **Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez** is a Mexican Formula One circuit near Mexico City. It was named after racing driver Ricardo Rodríguez (the brother of Pedro Rodríguez, a Formula One driver). It was finished in 1962 and held its first Formula One race there in the same year, though it did not count for the championship. A year later, the Mexican Grand Prix started, and continued from 1963 to 1970, where F1 did not return until 1986, and left once again 1992. The track still hosts various events, and even hosted the Nationwide Series from 2005 to 2008, before leaving once again.

## F1 winners

|Year|Event|Driver|Constructor|Track layout|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gran Premio de México|Jim Clark|Lotus-Climax|rowspan="8"||
|Gran Premio de México|Dan Gurney|Brabham-Climax|||
|Gran Premio de México|Richie Ginther|Honda|||
|Gran Premio de México|John Surtees|Cooper-Maserati|||
|Gran Premio de México|Jim Clark|Lotus-Ford|||
|Gran Premio de México|Graham Hill|Lotus-Ford|||
|Gran Premio de México|Denny Hulme|McLaren-Ford|||
|Gran Premio de México|Jacky Ickx|Ferrari|||
|Gran Premio de México|Gerhard Berger|Benetton-BMW|rowspan="7"||
|Gran Premio de México|Nigel Mansell|Williams-Honda|||
|Gran Premio de México|Alain Prost|McLaren-Honda|||
|Gran Premio de México|Ayrton Senna|McLaren-Honda|||
|Gran Premio de México|Alain Prost|Ferrari|||
|Gran Premio de México|Riccardo Patrese|Williams-Renault|||
|Gran Premio de México|Nigel Mansell|Williams-Renault|||
|Gran Premio de México|Nico Rosberg|Mercedes|rowspan="7"||
|Gran Premio de México|Lewis Hamilton|Mercedes|||
|Gran Premio de México|Max Verstappen|Red Bull-TAG Heuer|||
|Gran Premio de México|Max Verstappen|Red Bull-TAG Heuer|||
|Gran Premio de México|Lewis Hamilton|Mercedes|||
|Gran Premio de la Ciudad de México|Max Verstappen|Red Bull-Honda|||
|Gran Premio de la Ciudad de México|Max Verstappen|Red Bull|||
Andromeda

**Andromeda** may refer to:
- Andromeda (mythology), the daughter of Cassiopeia and wife of Perseus in Greek mythology
- Andromeda (constellation), a group of stars
- The Andromeda Galaxy
- HMS _Andromeda_, one of several warships of the Royal Navy

In **arts** and **literature**:
- _Andromeda_ (play), play by Euripides
- _Andromeda_ (novel), by Ivan Yefremov
    - _The Andromeda Nebula_, Russian 1967 science fiction film based on _Andromeda_
- Andromeda Tonks, a minor character in the Harry Potter series

- _Andromeda_ (TV series), science fiction TV series
- Andromeda (English band), a 1960s psychedelic rock band from Britain
- Andromeda (Swedish band), a 2000s progressive metal band from Sweden

In **comics**:
- Andromeda (Marvel Comics), character native of Atlantis in the Marvel comics universe
- Laurel Gand codenamed Andromeda, character of the Legion of Super-Heroes in the DC comics universe
- Andromeda Shun, character in the _Saint Seiya_ universe