juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
James Tate (writer)

**James Vincent Tate** (December 8, 1943 – July 8, 2015) was an American poet whose work earned him the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. He was a professor of English at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: James Tate
- **image**: James-tate-and-gordon-cairnie-by-elsa-dorfman.jpg
- **caption**: Tate (left) at the Grolier Poetry Book Shop in 1965 with the owner, Gordon Cairnie
- **birth name**: James Vincent Tate
- **birth place**: Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- **death place**: Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- **occupation**: Poet, professor of English at the University of Massachusetts Amherst
- **notableworks**: _Worshipful Company of Fletchers_
Yoash Tzidon

**Yoash "Chatto" Tzidon**, , (November 28, 1926 – July 8, 2015) was an Israeli former Air Force commander and politician.

He joined the Movement for Greater Israel, and later the Tzomet party. He was elected to the Knesset in 1988 on the Tzomet list, and was one of the instigators of the law that led to direct elections for the Prime Minister. He lost his seat in the 1992 elections.

## Infobox (member of the knesset)

- **image**: YoashTsiddon.JPG
- **birth place**: Focşani, Romania
- **year of aliyah**: 1941
- **knesset(s)**: Israeli legislative election, 1988, 12
- **party1**: Tzomet
- **partyyears1**: 1988–1992
Saud bin Faisal

**Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud** (), also known as **Saud Al Faisal** (‎; 2 January 1940 – 9 July 2015), was a Saudi diplomat and statesman. He served as Saudi Arabia's foreign minister from 1975 to 2015.

By the time of his retirement, he was the world's longest-serving foreign minister. He was a member of  the Saudi royal family.

Saud died on 9 July 2015 from complications from Parkinson's disease after going through surgery in Los Angeles, California at the age of 75.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Saud Al Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
- **image**: His Royal Highness Prince Saud al Faisal bin Abdul Aziz (5550131494) (cropped).jpg
- **succession**: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saudi Arabia), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **regent**: Khalid of Saudi Arabia, Khalid
Fahd of Saudi Arabia, Fahd
Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, Abdullah
Salman of Saudi Arabia, Salman
- **reg-type**: Monarch
- **reign**: 13 October 1975 – 29 April 2015
- **reign-type**: Term
- **predecessor**: Faisal of Saudi Arabia, Faisal
- **successor**: Adel al-Jubeir
- **birth place**: Ta'if, Saudi Arabia
- **death place**: Los Angeles, United States
- **spouse**: Jawhara bint Abdullah bin Abdul-Rahman
- **full name**: Saud Al Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
- **father**: Faisal of Saudi Arabia, King Faisal
- **mother**: Iffat Al-Thunayan
- **religion**: Wahhabi Hanbali Sunni Islam
Caspar Bowden

**Caspar Bowden** (died July 2015) was a privacy advocate, formerly chief privacy adviser at Microsoft. Styled as "an independent advocate for information privacy rights, and public understanding of privacy research in computer science", he was on the Tor anonymous service network board of directors.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Caspar Bowden
- **image**: Caspar Bowden-IMG 8994.jpg
- **image size**: 250
- **alt**: Caspar Bowden on black background, giving a speech
- **caption**: Caspar Bowden at the Congress on Privacy & Surveillance (2013) of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- **death date**: July 2015
- **known for**: Humans Rights and privacy advocacy
- **signature**: Caspar Bowden-signature.jpg
Ken Stabler

**Kenneth Michael "Ken" Stabler** (December 25, 1945 – July 8, 2015), nicknamed "The Snake," was an American football quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Oakland Raiders (1970–1979), Houston Oilers (1980–1981) and New Orleans Saints (1982–1984). He played college football for the University of Alabama.

After his death, an autopsy revealed that Stabler had been suffering from Stage 3 chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

## Other websites

- Ken Stabler Facebook
- KenStabler.com
- XOXO Stabler Foundation

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Ken Stabler
- **image**: Ken Stabler 2007 Alabama Broadcasters Convention.jpg
- **image size**: 230
- **caption**: Stabler in 2007
- **position**: Quarterback
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lbs**: 215
- **number**: 12, 16
- **birth place**: Foley, Alabama
- **death place**: Gulfport, Mississippi
- **draftyear**: 1968
- **draftround**: 2
- **draftpick**: 52
- **high school**: Foley High School, Foley (Foley, Alabama)
- **college**: Alabama Crimson Tide football, Alabama
- **teams**: * Oakland Raiders (–)
* Continental Football League, Spokane Shockers (1968)
* History of the Houston Oilers, Houston Oilers (–)
* New Orleans Saints (–)
- **highlights**: * Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl XI, XI)
* NFL Most Valuable Player (1974)
* 4× Pro Bowl (1974 Pro Bowl, 1973, 1975 Pro Bowl, 1974, 1977 Pro Bowl, 1976, 1978 Pro Bowl, 1977)
* 2× First-team All-Pro (1974 All-Pro Team, 1974, 1976 All-Pro Team, 1976)
* Bert Bell Award (1976)
* NFL Offensive Player of the Year Award, NFL Offensive Player of the Year (1974)
* 2× List of NFL season passing touchdowns leaders, NFL passing touchdowns leader (1974, 1976)
* List of NFL season passer rating leaders, NFL passer rating leader (1976)
* NFL 1970s All-Decade Team
* College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS, National champion (1965 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, 1965)
* First-team All-American (1967 College Football All-America Team, 1967)
* First-team All-Southeastern Conference, SEC (1967 All-SEC football team, 1967)
- **statlabel1**: Touchdown, TD–Interception, INT
- **statvalue1**: 194–222
- **statlabel2**: Passing yards
- **statvalue2**: 27,938
- **statlabel3**: Passer rating
- **statvalue3**: 75.3
- **nfl**: STA013616
- **pfr**: StabKe00
- **hof**: ken-stabler
Mark Everson

**Mark Whitty Everson** (born September 10, 1954) is an American politician. He served as the 46th Commissioner of Internal Revenue from 2003 until 2007.

On March 5, 2015, Everson announced his intention to seek the Republican Party's nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 Presidential election. He launched his bid with a video and sixteen page open letter in which he laid out six primary issues. He withdrew from the race on November 5, 2015.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mark Everson
- **image**: MarkEverson.jpg
- **office**: 46th Commissioner of Internal Revenue
- **president**: George W. Bush
- **term start**: May 1, 2003
- **term end**: May 4, 2007
- **predecessor**: Charles O. Rossotti, Charles Rossotti
- **successor**: Douglas Shulman
- **office1**: Deputy Director for Management at the Office of Management and Budget
- **president1**: George W. Bush
- **term start1**: August 1, 2002
- **term end1**: May 1, 2003
- **predecessor1**: Sally Katzen
- **successor1**: Clay Johnson III, Clay Johnson
- **birth name**: Mark Whitty Everson
- **birth place**: Manhattan, New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Nanette Rutka
- **children**: 4
- **alma mater**: Yale College, Yale University
New York University Stern School of Business, New York University
- **signature**: Mark Everson signature.png
Death hoax

A **death hoax** is a false report of someone's death.

In some cases, it might be because the person has faked their own death on purpose. In some cases they are mistakes while in most cases, they are intentional. Hoaxes are designed to play on other people's emotions. Sometimes, a death hoax is designed to be a practical joke; however, most are to give the person starting the rumor a sense of power over their victims.

There are often consequences when the person who started the hoax is discovered. The news media has to be especially careful of hoaxes, including death hoaxes. While some people will believe anything, most people resent being tricked. However, it depends on how the story is handled: For example, a death hoax ran in Canadian papers about a hard-drinking, hard-swearing Carcross Parrot who had just died; most forgave the writers since the story was published on April Fools' Day.

Mark Twain is one of the most famous people to be the subject of a death hoax. In his case, the newspapers were just careless. This is when he uttered his famous quote, "The report of my death was an exaggeration." It has often been misquoted as "reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated".
Absolute truth

**Absolute truth** is a statement that is true at all times and in all places. It is something that is always true no matter what the circumstances. It is a fact that cannot be changed. For example, there are no round squares. There are also no square circles. The angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees. These are all true by definition. Very similar are the propositions of Euclid, because they are proved once the axioms are accepted. One way or another, these are all truths because they are logically true.

According to Martin Luther, leader of the Reformation, "I shall never be a heretic; I may err in dispute, but I do not wish to decide anything finally; on the other hand, I am not bound by the opinions of men."  This means that if truth is not absolute it is not truth at all. Interestingly enough, Aristotle states that, “The high-minded man must care more for the truth than for what people think.”  According to him, if we consider ourselves to be wise individuals, our concern should be to find the truth not to submit to opinions.

"In two national surveys conducted by Barna Research, one among adults and one among teenagers, people were asked if they believe that there are moral absolutes that are unchanging or that moral truth is relative to the circumstances. By a 3-to-1 margin (64% vs. 22%) adults said truth is always relative to the person and their situation. The perspective was even more lopsided among teenagers, 83% of whom said moral truth depends on the circumstances, and only 6% of whom said moral truth is absolute."

Absolute truths are different to empirical truths. All the findings of science are empirical: based on evidence, and even if they are true in this world they don't need to be so in all the other possible worlds; they might also be wrong or incomplete due to lack of sufficient evidence. On the other hand, absolute truths might be based on logical truths, which are true by definition of their axioms.

## Related pages

- Universal (metaphysics)
Deb Fischer

**Deb Fischer** (born March 1, 1951 in Lincoln, Nebraska) is the United States Senator from Nebraska. She is a member of the U.S. Republican Party and has been in Senate since January 3, 2013. Fischer is the senior senator from Nebraska. She was in the Nebraska Legislature from 2005 to 2013.

Fischer graduated from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln with a Bachelor of Science degree. She is married to Bruce Fischer. They have three children.

## Other websites

- Deb Fischer, U.S. Senator for Nebraska, Home Page

## Infobox (senator)

- **name**: Deb Fischer
- **image**: Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE), official portrait, 118th United States Congress (cropped).jpg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Nebraska
- **alongside**: Pete Ricketts
- **term start**: January 3, 2013
- **predecessor**: Ben Nelson
- **office2**: Member of the Nebraska Legislature
 from the 43rd district
- **term start2**: January 3, 2005
- **term end2**: January 3, 2013
- **predecessor2**: Jim Jones
- **successor2**: Al Davis (Nebraska politician), Al Davis
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **birth place**: Lincoln, Nebraska
- **spouse**: Bruce Fischer
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Steve Koven

**Steve Koven** is a Canadian Jazz pianist and member of the Steve Koven Trio. Steve Koven is a composer, performer and educator. In 1993 Steve started the Steve Koven Trio. He performs worldwide with his trio. Koven also performs solo piano concerts throughout North America, Europe and the Caribbean. After nine albums with his trio, Koven has gone solo.

Dozens of Koven’s compositions have been licensed for national and international film and television productions. As an educator, Koven has been teaching in the Faculty of Music at York University since 2003. He teaches Contemporary Improvisation and Jazz Piano. Koven also teaches Music at Toronto's Centennial College. He holds a Masters in Music Composition. Koven has presented master classes and clinics in China, Japan, Colombia, Barbados, Bahamas and Mexico.

Steve lives in Toronto with his wife Lee-Anne.
First Peoples (TV program)

***First Peoples*** is a 2015 television documentary about the first people on the continents of the Earth.  The five-part PBS series covers each continent or group of continents one at a time. The focus is on very recent work in paleogenomics (the study of genomes from very long ago).  It was produced by Wall to Wall Television. The series challenges the East African origin theory of modern man showing there were other origins in other parts of Africa.

A two-disk DVD of the documentary was made in 2015.

## Other websites

- home page
- PBS First Peoples trailer, YouTube

### Reviews

- arstechnia/Condé Nast
- Forbes
Oestradiol

**Oestradiol**, E2, is an oestrogen, a steroidal hormone secreted by the ovaries. It is a main female hormone. Oestradiol regulates  female characteristics, the maturation of female sex organs and the  oestrus and menstrual cycle. It stimulates the production of mammary glands.

The serum concentrations of oestradiol and other female hormones change during the menstrual cycle. During gestation there is a high serum concentrations of oestradiol, E3. During menopause, oestrone has the higher concentration.

Oestradiol and oestrone can interchange. Oestradiol has a big effect on bone formation. Women past menopause have an accelerated loss of bone because they have less oestrogen.

Oestradiol also has some functions in males. Its serum concentration in men is < 35 pg/mL, level equivalent to that seen in post-menopausal women.
Chicken soup

**Chicken soup** is a soup made with chicken. The chicken is simmered in water. Classic chicken soups are made of clear broth. There are usually pieces of chicken and vegetables. There can also be grains, pasta or dumplings.

Chicken soup is thought to be a remedy for colds and influenza. In many countries, it is considered a comfort food.
Archer (TV series)

***Archer*** is an American adult animated black comedy, action adventure television series. It is about a secret agent whose boss is his mother.

The series airs on FX. A preview for the series aired on September 17, 2009. The first season started on January 14, 2010. Aisha Tyler plays Lana. Jessica Walter plays Malory Archer.

This television series has a rating of TV-MA, usually for foul language and violence. Sometimes there is also nudity.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: File:Archer_2009_TV_series_logo.svg
- **genre**: Animated sitcom
Adult animation
Action comedy
Black comedy
Adventure fiction, Adventure
Workplace comedy
- **creator**: Adam Reed
- **theme music composer**: Scott Sims
Mel Young
- **composer**: JG Thirwell
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 14
- **num episodes**: 145
- **executive producer**: Adam Reed
Matt Thompson
Casey Willis
- **producer**: Jeff Fastner
Neal Holman
Chad Hurd
Eric Sims
Bryan Fordney
- **runtime**: 18-24 minutes
- **company**: Floyd County Productions
FX Productions, FXP
- **network**: FX (TV channel), FX
- **network2**: FXX
Ghulam Sughra

**Ghulam Sughra** is a human rights activist in Pakistan. She is the head of the "Marvi Rural Development Organization" (MRDO). In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. Department of State.

## Life

Sughra was born in Sindh Province in Pakistan.  She was married at the age of 12. Six years later, she was the first woman in her village to divorce.  When she tried to go to school, her brothers beat her. So she studied at home. Sughra became the first girl in her village to finish secondary school. Later she was the first teacher in the first school for girls.

## Work

Ghulam Sughra started the Marvi Rural Development Organization (MRDO) in her village.  The MRDO works for education, health, and human rights. It also loans money for women to start small businesses.

## Awards

- International Women of Courage Award

## Other websites

- 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Vanda

***Vanda*** is a genus in the orchid family (_Orchidaceae_).

It is one of the most important orchids, with about fifty species. The genus is very  highly prized in horticulture for its showy, fragrant, long lasting, and intensely colorful flowers.

Vanda is widespread across East Asia, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea, with a few species extending into Queensland and some of the islands of the western Pacific. The genus is sometimes abbreviated as **V.** in the flower trade.
It belongs to angiosperm.

## References

- Grove, D. L. 1995. Vandas and Ascocendas. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 241 pp.
- Motes, Martin R., and Alan L. Hoffman. 1997 Vandas, Their botany, history and culture.

## Other websites

- Breeding in Vanda  Breeding in Vanda
Adipocyte

An **adipocyte**, also called a fat cell, is a cell in loose connective tissue, which is specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. This tissue is called adipose tissue.
Bridgewater, Nova Scotia

**Bridgewater** is a town in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The LaHave River runs through the town. Bridgewater is the largest town in the South Shore region.  A lot of the South Shore's economy is based on tourism. Bridgewater is also a commercial and industrial center. One of the main employers is a Michelin tire plant. The town was named after the bridge built over the LaHave River.

The first house in Bridgewater was built in 1812 by Ralph Hotchkiss. The town was incorporated in 1899. This was shortly after a fire in Bridgewater which burned the entire downtown area. For much of the 20th century, the town's economy depended on forestry. There was a large wood mill in the center of town. The Nova Scotia Central Railway and later the Halifax and Southwestern Railway had a central hub at Bridgewater.  The "Acadia Marine Engine Company" was based in Bridgewater. It made engines for fishing boats.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Bridgewater
- **settlement type**: List of towns in Nova Scotia, Town
- **image skyline**: Bridgewater NS king street postcard.jpg
- **image caption**: A postcard showing King Street
- **nickname**: Main Street of the South Shore
- **pushpin map**: Nova Scotia
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin mapsize**: 275
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Bridgewater, Nova Scotia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name1**: Nova Scotia
- **subdivision name2**: Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia, Lunenburg County
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1812
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: 13 February 1899
- **governing body**: Bridgewater Town Council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: David Mitchell
- **leader title1**: Chief administrative officer, CAO
- **leader name1**: Tammy Crowder
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 13.63
- **area footnotes**:  (2021)
- **elevation m**: 22.11
- **population total**: 8790
- **population as of**: Canada 2021 Census, 2021
- **population density km2**: 644.9
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: List of B Postal Codes of Canada, B4V
- **area code**: Area code 902, 902 & Area code 782, 782
- **footnotes**: *Median household income, 2020 ($) (all households)
- **leader title2**: MLA
- **leader name2**: Becky Druhan Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia, (PC)
- **leader title3**: MP
- **leader name3**: Rick Perkins Conservative Party of Canada, (C)
- **timezone**: Atlantic Standard Time, AST
- **utc offset**: −4
- **timezone dst**: ADT
- **utc offset dst**: −3
- **blank name**: Telephone Exchange
- **blank info**: 212, 298, 521, 523, 527, 529, 530, 541, 543, 553
- **blank1 name**: List of Nova Scotia provincial highways, Highways
- **blank1 info**:

- **blank2 name**: Median Earnings*
- **blank2 info**: $57,200
- **blank3 name**: National Topographic System, NTS Map
- **blank4 name**: Geographical Names Board of Canada, GNBC Code
- **blank4 info**: CAFBR
Christian Audigier

**Christian Audigier** (; May 21, 1958 – July 9, 2015) was a French fashion designer and entrepreneur. He worked for Ed Hardy and Von Dutch. Audigier was born in Avignon, France.

Audigier died in Los Angeles, California from myelodysplastic syndrome, aged 57.
Roger Rees

**Roger Rees** (5 May 1944 – 11 July 2015) was a Welsh-American actor. He was known for his stage work. He won an Olivier Award and a Tony Award for his performance as the lead in _The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby_.

He also received Obie Awards for his role in _The End of the Day_ and as co-director of _Peter and the Starcatcher_.

He was widely known to American television audiences for playing the characters Robin Colcord in _Cheers_ and Lord John Marbury in _The West Wing_.

Rees was born in Aberystwyth, Wales. Rees became a naturalised United States citizen in 1989. He converted to Judaism in the 1980s. Rees was married to his husband, writer/producer Rick Elice, from 2011 until Rees' death.

Rees died of brain cancer at his home in New York City, aged 71.

## Other websites

- Article on appointment to Williamstown Theater Festival
- Roger Rees  – _Downstage Center_ interview at American Theatre Wing.org

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Roger Rees.jpg
- **caption**: Rees in 2004
- **name**: Roger Rees
- **birth place**: Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire, Wales
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **resting place**: Cremated; ashes scattered in the Atlantic Ocean
- **occupation**: Actor, director
- **yearsactive**: 1975–2015
Nasta Palazhanka

**Nasta Palazhanka** (Russian: Наста Палажанка) is an activist in Belarus. In 2011, she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U. S. State Department.

## Life

Palazhanka became part of the youth movement in Belarus at the age of 14.   In  2011 she became the Deputy Chairperson of the Malady Front (Young Front), an NGO in Belarus.  She worked for freedom and human rights in Belarus, in spite of threats, harassment, and imprisonment.

In September 2011, she was engaged to another Young Front activist, Zmitser Dashkevich. They got married in December 2012, when Palazhanka visited him in Hrodno prison.

In July 2022, Nasta and Zmitser Dashkevich were sentenced for participating in the 2020 protests.

## Other websites

- 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Shukria Asil

**Shukria Asil** is an Afghan women's rights activist. In 2010 she received the International Women of Courage Award

## Work

In 2009, Asil saved the jobs of three women teachers in Baghlan.  They lost their jobs when the Ministry of Education wrote bad information about them.

In 2010 Asil was one of four women in the Baghlan Provincial Council.  In 2012 she was the head of the Baghlan Provincial Culture and Information Department.

Asil also helped a girl who was gang-raped.  The girl's family would not accept her.  Asil helped the family get together, although the governor of the province said it was not a good idea.  She also worked for women's rights, made groups for women, and worked for women's driving schools and education for young girls. She received threats of kidnapping and death for her work.  She also had to change her address because of the threats.

## Other websites

- 2010 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Daniel Quinn (actor)

**Daniel Quinn** (August 19, 1956 – July 4, 2015) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles on _The Young and the Restless_, police series _Hunter_, and independent drama _twentysixmiles_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Daniel Quinn
- **image**: Daniel Quinn.jpg
- **birth place**: Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1987–2015
Alan Walton

**Alan Walton** (April 3, 1936 – July 4, 2015) was a British biochemist. He was Chairman of Oxford Bioscience Corporation. He served on numerous Boards of Directors. Walton was an important figure in the development and funding of the Human Genome Project.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Alan Walton
- **image**: Alan Walton HD2013 Bolte Award 003.JPG
- **image size**: 175 px
- **caption**: Alan Walton, 2013
- **birth place**: Kings Norton, Birmingham, England
- **death place**: Westport, Connecticut, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **field**: Chemistry
- **prizes**: 2013 Richard J. Bolte, Sr., Award for Supporting Industries
Jim Bede

**James R. "Jim" Bede** (17 April 1933 – 9 July 2015) was an American aircraft designer. He designed well over a dozen aircraft since the 1960s, but a string of business failures have kept most of these designs out of widespread use.

Bede died of an aneurysm in Cleveland, Ohio, aged 82.
Cheng Siwei

**Cheng Siwei** (June 1935 – 12 July 2015) was a Chinese politician and economist. He was the Chairman of China Soft Science Research Association; President of the Chinese Society for Management Modernization; Director of the Research Center on Fictitious Economy and Data Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dean of the School of Management of the Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; and Honorary President of East China University of Science and Technology.

Siwei died on the morning of 12 July 2015 at the age of 80.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Flickr - World Economic Forum - Cheng Siwei - Annual Meeting of the New Champions Tianjin 2008.jpg
- **imagesize**: 225px
- **caption**: Siwei at the World Economic Forum in September 2008
- **office1**: President of the China Democratic National Construction Association
- **term start1**: 1996
- **term end1**: 2007
- **predecessor1**: Sun Mengqi
- **successor1**: Chen Changzhi
- **office2**: Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
- **term start2**: 1998
- **term end2**: 2008
- **1blankname2**: Chairman
- **1namedata2**: Li Peng → Wu Bangguo
- **name**: Cheng Siwei

- **birth place**: Xiangxiang, Hunan, China
- **residence**: Beijing
- **party**: China Democratic National Construction Association
- **occupation**: politician
- **nationality**: Chinese
- **parents**: Cheng Shewo
Xiao Zongrang ()
- **profession**: Science of Business Administration
Giacomo Biffi

**Giacomo Biffi** (13 June 1928 – 11 July 2015) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop Emeritus of Bologna, having served as archbishop there from 1984 to 2003. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1985.
Johnny Kemp

**Jonathan** "**Johnny**" **Kemp** (2 August 1959 – 16 April 2015) was a Bahamian singer-songwriter and record producer. He began singing at nightclubs in the Bahamas at 13. In 1979, he moved to New York City, New York in the United States and later signed with Columbia Records. His best known song is "Just Got Paid", which he got a Grammy Award nomination.

Kemp was born in Nassau. He was married and had two sons.

Kemp was found dead on 16 April 2015 on a beach in Montego Bay, St. James, Jamaica. He was 55 and is believed to have fallen, hit his head on some rocks and drowned.
Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa

**Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa**, GCB, GCMG (; 3 June 1933 – 6 March 1999) was the 1st emir of Bahrain from 1961 until his death. Born in Jasra, he became emir upon the death of his father, Salman ibn Hamad.

The emir died of a heart attack. He was succeeded by his son, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa
- **title**: 1st Emir of Bahrain
13th Hakim of Bahrain
- **image**: Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa 1998.jpg
- **caption**: Isa bin Salman in 1998
- **reign**: 2 November 1961 – 6 March 1999
- **coronation**: 16 December 1961
- **predecessor**: Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa I, Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa
- **successor**: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
- **spouse**: Hessa bint Salman Al Khalifa
- **issue**: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King Hamad
 Sheikh Rashed
 Sheikh Mohammed
 Sheikh Abdullah
 Sheikh Ali
 Sheika Munira
 Sheika Maryam
 Sheika Shaikha
 Sheika Nora
- **royal house**: Al Khalifa
- **father**: Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa I, Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa
- **mother**: Mouza bint Hamad Al Khalifa
- **birth place**: Jasra, History of Bahrain, Bahrain
- **death place**: Manama, Bahrain
- **place of burial**: Al Rifa'a Cemetery
- **religion**: Sunni Islam
Wheelspin

**Wheelspin** is the practice of making wheels lose traction on a road surface. This can occur in manual transmission cars when the clutch is released too quickly while accelerating. This can happen when pulling away from stop.

How to do a Wheelspin in a manual car
- Press the clutch full down
- Select 1st gear
- Push down the gas pedal
- Release the clutch pedal as fast as possible

This should result in a wheelspin
Aglaophyton

***Aglaophyton*** is a genus of early Devonian fossil land plants. Its fossils have been found in the Rhynie chert. Only the sporophyte generation have been found as fossils. Only one species has been found, _Aglaophyton major_.

## Relationship to other plants

_Aglaophyton_ was at first thought to be a species of the vascular plant genus _Rhynia_ which lived at the same time. Later it was discovered that it is not really a vascular plant. It had vascular tissue, but the cells had thin walls. It might therefore be a missing link between the Bryophytes and _Horneophyton_ and the vascular plants like _Rhynia_.

In 2004, Crane et al. published a cladogram which has _Aglaophyton_ as the sister group of the vascular plants.

## Other websites

- Cladogram  from
Amy Yang

**Amy Yang** (born July 28, 1989) also known as Yang Hee-Young is a Korean professional golfer. She plays on the United States-based Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) tour and on the Ladies European Tour (LET). Since turning professional at age 17, she has six professional wins.

Yang began playing golf at age 10. She moved to Australia with her family at age 15 to play golf. In 2005 she won the "Queensland Amateur Championship", the youngest winner ever of that championship. In 2006, while still an amateur she won the ANZ Ladies Masters on the Ladies European Tour. Yang was also the youngest winner ever on the LET at age 16 years, 6 months and 18 days. She was given an exception to join the LET at age 17. Yang qualified for the LGPA on her first attempt.
Church Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis

**Church Saint-Paul-Saint-Lous** (also known as **Église Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis**) is a church located in the 4th arrondissement in Paris. It was constructed from 1627 to 1641, by Jesuit architects Étienne Martellange and François Derand. It is also called **Saint-Louis-des-Jésuites**. Louis XIII commissioned it to be built.

## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Church of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis
- **image**: St-Paul-St-Louis-DSC 8068.jpg
- **location**: Paris
- **country**: France
- **denomination**: Catholic Church, Catholic
- **website**: [http://spsl.fr/ spsl.fr]
- **former name**: Church of Saint Paul
- **consecrated date**: 9 May 1641
- **architect**: Étienne Martellange and François Derand
- **groundbreaking**: 1627
- **completed date**: 1641
- **archdiocese**: Archdiocese of Paris, Paris
Scott Walker 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Scott Walker**, the 45th Governor of Wisconsin, was announced at an event in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on July 13, 2015. The scheduling of an announcement event was made public on July 2, two weeks after the formation of a "testing the waters" fundraising committee.

## Background

Two weeks before his announcement, he formed a "testing the waters" fundraising committee to see if running for President is a good idea.

## Announcement

On July 2nd, Walker started a countdown by posting a slice of his presidential campaign logo on Instagram, with eight more pieces to come in the days ahead. He also tweeted an image of himself waving next to an American flag with the message "It begins."

On July 10, then-Governor Walker's official Twitter account tweeted a premature presidential announcement, which is being investigated by Twitter.

## Suspension

On September 21, 2015, Walker suspended his campaign after low polling numbers.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **committee**: Scott Walker, Inc.
- **name**: Scott Walker for President
- **logo**: Scott Walker 2016 logo.svg
- **caption**: Scott Walker for America
- **campaign**: U.S. presidential election, 2016
- **candidate**: Scott Walker
<small>Governor of Wisconsin (2011–2019)</small>
- **cand id**: P60006046
- **fec date**: July 2, 2015
- **status**: **Announced:**
 July 13, 2015
 **Suspended:**
 September 21, 2015
- **affiliation**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **headquarters**: P.O. Box 620590
 Middleton, Wisconsin
- **key people**: Michael W. Grebe <small>(campaign manager)</small>
 Jon Hammes <small>(co-chair campaign fundraising)</small>
Todd Ricketts <small>(co-chair campaign fundraising)</small>
Kate Lind <small>(treasurer)</small>
 Joe Fadness
- **slogan**: Reform. Growth. Safety.
- **homepage**: http://www.scottwalker.com
Gamil Ratib

**Gamil Ratib** (جميل راتب, November 28, 1926 – September 19, 2018) was an Egyptian actor. He was known for his roles in _Lawrence of Arabia_, _Poussière de diamant_, and in _The Aquarium_.

Ratib was born in Cairo, Egypt. He died in Cairo on September 19, 2018 at the age of 91.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gamil Ratib
- **birth place**: Cairo, Egypt
- **death place**: Cairo, Egypt
- **nationality**: Egyptian
- **occupation**: Film actor, actor
Peterson

**Peterson** is a common English language surname. It means "Son of Peter". There are over 700 different spellings of the name. The form _Peterson_ may have also come from the Danish form _Petersen_.

## People

- Cassandra Peterson (1951 - ) is an American actress.
- Oscar Peterson (1925 - 2007) was a Canadian jazz pianist.
Rhopalostylis sapida

** _Rhopalostylis sapida**_, the **nikau** () is a palm tree endemic to New Zealand. It is the only palm tree to grow there. It also does not grow naturally anywhere else in the world.

_Nīkau_ is a Māori word. In the languages of the Pacific tropics, it means the leaves of a coconut palm.

The Maori had many uses for the nīkau palm. The bases of the inner leaves and the young flowers were eaten raw or cooked. Food was wrapped in the leaves for cooking.  The old tough leaves were used to make baskets, floor rugs and waterproof thatched roofs for buildings.

## Natural location

The nīkau palm lives along the coast and lowland forests on the North Island and on the South Island. It lives where there is humidity. It is the world's most southern palm at 44° 18'S latitude.

## Description

The nīkau grows tall with a wide, green trunk which has grey-green leaf scars. The trunk is topped by a smooth, bulging crown of fronds (leaves). The flowers are coloured lilac to pink. The fruit is circular or oblong and is red when ripe. The nīkau has flowers between November and April (summer). The fruit ripens from February to November and is a favourite food for the native wood pigeon.

## Caring for the palm

The nīkau makes an excellent potted plant, and is quite healthy. It is slow-growing. It grows easily from a seed if the fruit is soaked in water for a few days and then gently scrubbed to remove the skin. The seed will then germinate in sealed plastic bags in part shade. Later, they can be planted in deep pots.

The nīkau lives well in cool temperatures. In New Zealand, it does not get exposed to freezing weather. It can survive a few degrees of frost. It is hurt most by a sudden large drop in temperature even above freezing. It does well in areas with a mild Mediterranean climate.

## Other websites

- New Zealand native plant website: _Rhopalostylis sapida_
CNN Chile

**CNN Chile** is the Chilean version of CNN international.

## Overview

The CNN Chile is the local version of popular TV news channel CNN, which had previously shown interest in the Chilean market when it covered the 2005 presidential elections through CNN en Español.

## History

The CNN Chile was founded on December 4, 2008. It broadcasts 24 hours a day nationwide in Chile. It was originally a joint venture between VTR Chile and WarnerMedia. The channel is based in Santiago, Chile.

## Coverage

- News
- Sports
- Television programs

## Related pages

- BBC
- France 24
- Deutsche Welle
- CNN en Español
- Baltic News Network
- Public Broadcasting of Latvia

## Other websites

- Official website
Great Stink

The **Great Stink** was in central London in July and August 1858. During hot weather the smell of untreated faeces was overpowering.

It was caused by untreated human waste in the River Thames, and on its banks. An ageing and inadequate sewer system emptied directly into the Thames.

The bad air was thought to transmit contagious diseases. There were three outbreaks of cholera before the Great Stink was blamed on the problems with the river. A proposal from  the civil engineer Joseph Bazalgette for sewage treatment was finally accepted.
Cracked Rear View

***Cracked Rear View*** is the major-label debut album by Hootie & the Blowfish. It was released on July 5, 1994 by Atlantic Records.

## Reception

_Cracked Rear View_ is Hootie & the Blowfish's most successful album. It was the highest-selling album of 1995, with 10.5 million shipments that year alone. It eventually shipped 16 million copies by March 31, 1999. _Cracked Rear View_ reached number one on the _Billboard_ 200 five times during 1995. The album also reached number one in Canada and New Zealand. Three million copies were sold through the Columbia House mail-order system.

Critical reviews of _Cracked Rear View_ were mostly positive. The Allmusic review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave it four and a half stars out of five. He wrote that it was "the success story of 1994/1995." He also said, "Although Hootie & the Blowfish aren't innovative, they deliver the goods. They turned out an album of solid, rootsy folk-rock songs that have simple, powerful hooks."
Paddington

**Paddington** is a location in the London borough of City of Westminster, in central London. It has a train station called Paddington station.

## Related pages

- Paddington Bridge
- Paddington Green TV series
- Pretty Polly Perkins of Paddington Green

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **map type**: Greater London
- **region**: London
- **static image name**: St Mary's Hospital old section 2003-08-22.jpg
- **static image caption**: St Mary's Hospital, London, St Mary's Hospital
- **official name**: Paddington
- **os grid reference**: TQ267814
- **london borough**: Westminster
- **post town**: LONDON
- **postcode area**: W
- **postcode district**: W2, W9
- **dial code**: 020
- **constituency westminster**: Cities of London and Westminster (constituency), Cities of London and Westminster
- **constituency westminster1**: Westminster North (UK Parliament constituency), Westminster North
Tenzin Delek Rinpoche

Lithang Tulku **Tenzin Delek Rinpoche** or **Tenzing Deleg** (1950 – 12 July 2015) was a Tibetan Buddhist leader from Garze, Sichuan. He was born in Lithang, Tibet. He was arrested on April 7, 2002 during a raid on Jamyang Choekhorling in Garze, Sichuan, China. He was accused of being involved in a bomb attack on April 3, 2002 on the central square of Sichuan's provincial capital, Chengdu. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. He died in prison in Chengdu.
Philipp Mißfelder

**Philipp Mißfelder** (August 25, 1979 – July 13, 2015) was a German politician and a member of the Bundestag.  From January through March 2014 he served in the German government as the Coordinator for Transatlantic Cooperation in the Field of Intersocietal Relations, Cultural and Information Policy.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Philipp Mißfelder
- **image**: PhilippMissfelder2008.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **office**: Member of the Bundestag
- **term start**: German federal election, 2005, 2005
- **term end**: 2015
- **birth place**: Gelsenkirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia
- **death place**: Coesfeld, North Rhine-Westphalia
- **party**: Christian Democratic Union (Germany), Christian Democratic Union
- **alma mater**: Technical University of Berlin
- **profession**: Historian
2015 Pan American Games

The **17th Pan American Games** were held from July 10 to July 26, 2015 in Toronto, Canada.

Over 6,000 athletes from 41 countries. They competed in 36 sports.

## Other websites

- Official website
Looking for Lucky

***Looking for Lucky*** is the fourth and final studio album by Hootie & the Blowfish. The album was released on August 9, 2005.
1951 Pan American Games

The **1st version of the Pan American Games** was held in 1951 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Over 2,500 athletes from 21 countries competed in 20 sports.
Paddington (disambiguation)

**Paddington** is an area in the London borough of City of Westminster. It may also mean:

- Paddington station- the train station
- _Paddington_ (movie)- the movie
- Paddington Bear, a character in children's fiction books
- Paddington (TV series), a 1970s television children's shows
Anderson (name)

**Anderson** [an-der-suhn] is both a first name and a family name. In Scotland, the name first appeared in records of the 14th century as "Fitz Andreu" (it means "son of Andrew"). Anderson is one of the most common family names(Ranked 328th in the nation for newborns in 2021). It is especially common in Scotland, United States, Canada and England. This name was ranked #328 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

People with Anderson as a family name include Rona Anderson, Pamela Anderson, Loni Anderson, Laurie Anderson and Lynn Anderson.

People with Anderson as a first name include Anderson Cooper, who is the son of Gloria Vanderbilt.

## People with Anderson as a first name

- Anderson Dawson (1863-1910), Australian politician
- Anderson Hernández (born 1982), Dominican former Major League Baseball player, currently playing in the Mexican League
- Anderson Ribeiro (born 1981), Brazilian footballer
- Anderson Varejão (born 1982), Brazilian National Basketball Association player
- Anderson .Paak (born 1986),American singer, songwriter, rapper, musician
- Anderson Batatais, Brazilian association football player

## People with Anderson as a last name

- Alf Anderson (1914-1985), American baseball player
- Ben Anderson (born 1975), British journalist
- Bibi Andersson (born 1935), Swedish actress
- Bud Anderson (born 1922), American aviator and flying ace
- Charles D. Anderson (1827–1901), Confederate general
- Daphne Anderson (1922–2013), British actress
- Martina Anderson (born 1962), Northern Irish politician
- Anthony Anderson(born 1970),American actor
Carter

**Carter** is a family name. It originally meant to haul goods in a cart. The name comes from the Gaelic and Celtic word _cairt_ (cart). It originated in Ireland and Scotland. It later migrated to England, where it was changed to its English form.

People who have the name Carter include Lynda Carter, June Carter Cash, actress Dixie Carter and former U.S. President Jimmy Carter.
India (cat)

**India "Willie" Bush** (July 13, 1990 – January 4, 2009)  was the pet cat of U.S. President George W. Bush and his family while he was in the White House.  She lived with the Bush family for almost two decades.
__NOTOC__

## Biography

The Bushes got India, an all black, female American Shorthair, as a kitten in late 1991 or 1992. Their twin daughters Barbara and Jenna Bush were nine years old. It is not known if the cat had registered to vote.  India stayed with George and Laura Bush after Jenna and Barbara left for college. When George W. Bush became President in early 2001, India moved with the family from the Governor's Mansion in Austin, Texas to the White House.

Even while living at the White House, India did not get as much attention from the media as the family's Scottish terriers, Barney and Miss Beazley.  She is shown in the "Barneycam" videos made by the White House staff at Christmas. She first starred in _Where in the White House is Miss Beazley?_, where she was called by her nickname, "Willie". The dogs were always more interesting to the White House press during the Bush presidency. They became more famous to the public.

India (as "Willie") was shown in the March 2008 _Architectural Digest_, in the East Sitting Hall of the White House.

## Controversy

There was controversy reported in the news in  India. Some people were upset with the cat's name. In July 2004, demonstrations were held in the southern Keralian city of Thiruvananthapuram.  The cat's name was criticised as an insult to the nation of India. An effigy of President Bush was burned in protest.

The Bushes did not change the cat's name because of the demonstrations. India had been named for a baseball player, Rubén Sierra. He was nicknamed "El Indio" while playing for the Texas Rangers, when Bush owned the baseball team. The name had been given to the family cat by Barbara, one of the Bush's daughters.

## Death

India died at the White House on January 4, 2009, at age 18. In a statement to the press about India's death, Sally McDonough, speaking for First Lady Laura Bush, said that the family was "deeply saddened" by their cat's death. Part of the statement said, "India was a beloved member of the Bush family for almost two decades. She will be greatly missed."

## Other websites

- Official Biography at WhiteHouse.gov
- India at the Presidential Pet Museum

## Infobox (animal)

- **name**: India "Willie" Bush
- **image**: IndioCat.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: India in 2001
- **species**: Cat
- **breed**: American Shorthair
- **gender**: Female
- **birth date**: July 13, 1990
- **death place**: White House
- **owner**: George W. Bush and Laura Bush
- **appearance**: Short haired black fur
Peace be upon him (Islam)

***Alayhi as-salām*** (AAS) is a phrase Muslims say whenever they refer to the name of any prophet, messenger, and chosen figure of Allah. "Peace be upon him" is the English translation of _alayhi as-salām_. The phrase is used in Islamic practice to show respect. Muslims say or write the phrase to get Allah's blessings for the prophet/messenger, and in turn, get blessings for themselves. The abbreviations PBUH and AAS are used in writing in the Muslim world in private and sometimes government documents. The Qur'an, the holy book of Islam, says this respect must be given.

## Other websites

- The article Peace Be Upon Him & Christian Polemics explains the usage of the honorific from a linguistic perspective.
- عليه السلام – Wiktionary, the free dictionary.