juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Military diving

**Military diving** is underwater diving done by members of armed forces for military purposes.

Any method of diving may be used. It is the military purpose that makes it military diving.

Military diving for offensive purposes is usually done using rebreathers as they do not make much bubbles which can be seen by the enemy. These divers may be called frogmen or combat divers.

Othe military divers do work to remove obstructions and explosive devices like mines. They are called clearance divers.

Military divers may also do inspections and repair work on the bottoms of ships, and underwater work in support of military engineering operations.
Dagens Næringsliv

***Dagens Næringsliv*** is one of Norway's main newspapers. It was founded in 1889.

_Dagens Næringsliv_ is owned by media conglomerate Norges Handels og Sjøfartstidende (NHST Media Group).

## History

The newspaper was first named _Norges Sjøfartstidende_.

On 5 September 2013, the newspaper said that it is one of 17 international partners cooperating with Wikileaks about the Spy Files 3 project that spotlights the international surveillance industry.

In July 2015, one former journalist said that he had done plagiarism, in several articles he wrote for the newspaper, said the website of the trade union, Norsk Journalistlag.

## Other websites

- Official site
Forsvarets Spesialkommando

**FSK** (_Forsvarets spesialkommando_) is the name of the special forces of Norway's Ministry of Defence.  They were established in 1981.
Piping and instrumentation diagram

A **piping and instrument diagram** (P&ID) is a simplified illustration or diagram of a process. It shows the required functional equipment and instrumentation to make the process work. Typically, this document is the basis of design for plant engineering.
Zifeng Tower

**Nanjing Greenland Financial Center** or **Greenland Square Zifeng Tower** is a skyscraper in Nanjing, China. It is 459 meters (1476 feet) tall and has 89 floors. It was built in 2009 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the world

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - Nanjing Greenland Financial Center
- SkycraperPage.com – Nanjing Greenland Financial Complex

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Nanjing Greenland Financial Center
 紫峰大厦
- **location**: Nanjing, China
- **floor count**: 89
- **completion date**: 2009
- **antenna spire**: 1000 m (3280 ft)
Modular arithmetic

**Modular arithmetic**, sometimes also called **clock arithmetic**, is a way of doing arithmetic with integers. Much like hours on a clock, which repeat every twelve hours, once the numbers reach a certain value, called the _modulus_, they go back to zero.

In general, given a modulus **', we can do addition, subtraction and multiplication on the set  in a way that "wraps around" **'. This set is sometimes represented by the symbol , and called the set of integers modulo **'.

People talked about modular arithmetic in many ancient cultures. For instance, the Chinese remainder theorem is many centuries old. The modern notation and exact definition of modular arithmetic were first described by Carl Friedrich Gauss.

## Congruence

Modular arithmetic can be used to show the idea of **congruence**. In general, given a positive integer _n_, two integers _a_ and _b_ are **congruent modulo n**, if they have the same remainder when both are divided by _n_. Congruence can be written this way:
The number _n_ is called the **modulus**. Another definition of congruence, that means the same thing but is sometimes more useful, is that the two integers are congruent modulo n if the difference (_a_ - _b_) is an integer multiple of _n_. That is, if _n_ is a factor of (_a_ - _b_), then _a_ and _b_ are congruent **mod_' _n_.

For example:
The remainder when 32 is divided by 7 is 4, and the remainder when 11 is divided by 7 is also 4. This tells us that they are congruent—when the modulus is 7.

We can use this example with the other definition too. The difference, (_a_ - _b''), is 32 - 11 = 21. This shows the two numbers are congruent, because 21 = 3 × 7 and 7 is a factor of 21.

## Uses

Modular arithmetic is useful in many fields, and its applications include RSA algorithm in cryptography, primality testing in computer science, and 12-tone arithmetic in music. It is often used in calculating checksums and check digits.

## Related pages

- Modulation
- Primitive root modulo n
Live – Friday the 13th

**Live – Friday the 13th** is a live album released on Sept. 20th, 2005. The album was released as a live CD/DVD album featuring all 12 original songs from Pop band Maroon 5's hit debut called _Songs About Jane_. This album has been released with the _Copy Control_ protection system in some regions. The CD has the length of 77:58.

## Performance

Maroon 5 performed in Santa Barbara, California on Friday, May 13th of 2005.

## Songs

The songs from the hit debut album by Maroon 5 called _Songs About Jane_ were all featured performed live on this album. Two songs are performed called _Hello_ by band _Oasis_ (cover), and _Ain't No Sunshine_ (cover).

## Track listing

1. "Shiver" – 4:49
1. "Through with You" – 3:19
1. "Tangled" – 3:37
1. "Harder to Breathe" – 2:59
1. "The Sun" – 7:52
1. "Wasted Years" – 5:23
1. "Secret" / "Ain't No Sunshine" – 7:11
1. "Not Coming Home" – 4:28
1. "This Love" – 5:14
1. "Must Get Out" – 4:08
1. "Sunday Morning" – 6:37
1. "Sweetest Goodbye" – 9:38
1. "Hello" (Oasis cover) – 3:52
1. "She Will Be Loved" – 8:51
Tropicana Field

**Tropicana Field** is a domed baseball stadium that serves as the home field for the Tampa Bay Rays since 1998. The stadium was opened in 1990 in hopes of snatching a team away from another city. Two teams almost moved to Tampa to call Tropicana Field home; they were the Chicago White Sox and the San Francisco Giants. They stadium also served as the former home for the NHL team, Tampa Bay Lightning and the former home for the AFL's Tampa Bay Storm. Former Rays manager, Joe Maddon, has nicknamed the stadium **"The Pit"**. While the fans nicknamed it **"The Trop"**. The former name of the stadium was the **Florida Suncoast Dome**. It has also been called the **Thunderdome**.

In 2023, it was announced that a new stadium was approved to be built. The new stadium would replace Tropicana Field as the home of the Rays. It is expected to cost at least $1.2 billion. Taxpayers would pay half and city council blocked taxpayers from expressing their opinion to council on it or voting on it.

## Other websites

- Ballpark Digest review of Tropicana Field
- Official website of Tropicana Field
Jin Mao Tower

**Jin Mao Tower** is a skyscraper in Shanghai, China.  It is  tall. It has 88 floors.  It was built between 1994 and 1999 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

## Relates pages

- List of tallest buildings in the world

## References

- Jin Mao Tower at emporis.com

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - Jin Mao Tower
- SkycraperPage.com – Jin Mao Tower

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Jin Mao Tower
 金茂大厦
- **image**: Jin Mao Tower.jpg
- **location**: Shanghai, China
- **floor count**: 88
- **construction start date**: 1994
- **completion date**: 1999
Two International Finance Centre

**Two International Finance Centre** ("**Two** **ifc**") is a skyscraper in Hong Kong.  It is 415 meters (1362 feet) tall and has 88 floors.  It was built in 2003 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the world

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - Two International Finance Centre
- SkycraperPage.com – Two International Finance Centre

## Infobox (infobox)

- **child**: yes
- **label2**: Executive Architect (Cladding)
- **data2**: Adamson Associates Architects


## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Two International Finance Centre
- **image**: Overlook International Finance Centre.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: International Finance Centre
- **location**: 8 Finance Street
Central, Hong Kong
- **map type**: Hong Kong
- **status**: Complete
- **start date**: 2000
- **completion date**: 2003
- **opening**: 2003
- **building type**: Commercial offices
- **floor count**: 88 above ground level,
6 basement floors
- **elevator count**: 62
- **architect**: César Pelli, César Pelli & Association Architects
- **structural engineer**: Arup Group Limited, Ove Arup & Partners
- **developer**: ifc Developer
Gentoo penguin

The **gentoo penguin** (_Pygoscelis papua_) is a species of penguin easily recognized by the white stripe across its head. They are the largest penguins of the stiff-tailed family, which also makes them the largest penguin except the two giant penguins, the emperor penguin and the king penguin.

## Appearance

The gentoo penguin is, on average, 5 kilograms in weight and 80 centimeters in height, but can range from 8.5 kg to 4.5 kg and 51 to 91 cm. They have very large male reproductive organs, and are also the fastest at swimming underwater among the penguins, reaching speeds of 36 kilometers per hour.

## Life

Gentoo penguins generally live on Antarctic islands, with their largest colony on the Falkland Islands. There are approximately 320,000 breeding pairs of gentoo penguins.

These penguins nest on the ground, making nests of stones, sticks, grass, feathers, and various other materials. They usually lay two eggs by mid-October, which hatch in about 34 days, and put equal care into caring for either chick. Young chicks remain in the nest for 3 to 4 weeks until their second down feathers grow in, during which their parents hunt for food in order to feed them. Afterward, they leave the nest but remain in the colony in groups of chicks, called creches that free their parents to hunt for food for them.

Gentoo penguin pairs often stay together for a long period of time.

Gentoo penguins usually eat crustaceans, such as krill, but genrally eat what is easiest to get. At sea, they may be under attack from sea lions, leopard seals, and orcas. While on land they have no natural predators, but skua, gulls, and other birds of prey have been known to attack and eat young chicks and eggs.

## Other websites

- Gentoo penguins from the International Penguin Conservation Web Site
- www.pinguins.info : information about all species of penguins
- Gentoo Penguin images
- Gentoo penguin webcam from the Antarctic – worldwide first webcam with wild penguins; photo quality
Flag of Florida

The **Flag of Florida** is a white flag with the Seal of Florida centered on it. Behind the Seal, it has a red saltire, which resembles the Spanish Cross of Burgundy flag used in Florida since the early 1500s. The current flag was adopted in 1900, however the State Seal in the center of the flag was updated in 1985 to reflect the proper historical dress of a Seminole maiden, in the previous seal she was dressed in buckskin with a feathered headband.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Florida
- **image**: Flag of Florida.svg
- **use**: 110000
- **proportion**: 2:3
- **adoption**: November 6, 1900 (modified May 21, 1985)
- **design**: A red saltire on a white field, with the seal of Florida superimposed at the center.
- **type**: State
Flag of Libya

The **Flag of Libya** has three horizontal stripes of red, black, and green, with a white crescent and star in the center of the black stripe.  It has been the official flag of Libya since 3 August 2011.

## Overview

The flag is the same as the flag of the earlier Kingdom of Libya, used from 1951 to 1969.  During the dictatorship of Muammar al-Gaddafi the flag was changed twice and it was just a plain field of green. It was unique for being the only national flag in the world with just one color and no design, emblems, coat of arms, or any other details. It was adopted on 11 November 1977.

## Related pages

- Flag of Libya (1977–2011)
Chambar

**Chambar**, or **Chamber**, is a town of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the capital Chamber Taluka (a subdivision of the district). The town itself is subdivided into two Union Councils.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Chamber
- **imagesize**: 240px
- **mapsize**: 150 px
- **pushpin map**: Pakistan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Pakistan
- **subdivision type1**: Subdivisions of Pakistan, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Sindh
- **subdivision type2**: Subdivisions of Pakistan, District
- **subdivision name2**: Tando Allahyar District, Tando Allahyar
- **population as of**: 1998
- **elevation m**: 11
- **area code type**: List of dialling codes of Pakistan, Calling code
- **timezone1**: Pakistan Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset1**: +5
2008 Formula One World Championship

The **2008 Formula One season** was the 59th FIA Formula One World Championship season. It began on March 16 and was over on November 2 after eighteen races. Lewis Hamilton became the Drivers' World Champion while Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro won the Constructors' title.

## Infobox (f1 season)

- **year**: 2008
- **image**:
- **champion**: Lewis Hamilton
- **constructor**: Ferrari
- **second**: Felipe Massa
- **third**: Kimi Räikkönen
- **previous**: 2007
- **next**: 2009
New York Film Critics Circle Awards

**New York Film Critics Circle Awards** are awards given every year for excellence in cinema worldwide. They are given by an organization of movie critics from New York City-based publications. It is considered one of the most important movie critics awards in North America.

## Other websites

- New York Film Critics Circle Awards Official Website
Duncan II of Scotland

**Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim** (Modern Gaelic: _Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim_) renamed as **Duncan II** (before c. 1060 – 12 November 1094) was king of Scots. He was son of Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) and his first wife Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **more**: scotland
- **name**: Duncan II
 (_Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim_)
- **title**: King of Scots
- **image**: Duncan II, King of Scotland.jpg
- **reign**: 1094
- **predecessor**: Donald III of Scotland, Donald III (_Domnall Bán mac Donnchada_)
- **successor**: Donald III (_Domnall Bán mac Donnchada_)
- **spouse**: Uchtreda of Northumbria
- **issue**: William fitz Duncan
- **house**: Dunkeld
- **father**: Malcolm III of Scotland, Malcolm III (_Máel Coluim mac Donnchada_)
- **mother**: Ingibiorg Finnsdottir
- **birth date**: before c.1060
- **burial place**: Dunfermline Abbey, Scotland
Messolonghi

**Messolonghi** is a Greek city. It is the capital of the Aitoloakarnania prefecture. It is build on the bank of a lagoon. Its population is 14,209 inhabitants. Messolonghi is known because of the Greek War of Independence. During that time the siege of Messolonghi took place. During the siege the residents of Messolonghi fought with the Turks and the majority of them were killed there. During the siege of Messolonghi Lord Byron died, in 1824.
Kalamata

**Kalamata** is a Greek city. It is in the southwest of the Peloponnese peninsula. 54,065 people live there. Kalamata it is built at the foot of Taygetos mountain. It is also a coastal city and it has a big beach, in front of the city.

## History

Kalamata became the first city which was liberated in the Greek War of Independence in 1821. Kalamata was liberated on 21 March 1821. Kalamata is also known because of the big earthquake in 1986. At that time, Kalamata had a lot of disasters.
Matt Joyce

**Matthew R. Joyce** (born August 3, 1984) is an outfielder for the Oakland Athletics. He has also played for the Detroit Tigers, Tampa Bay Rays, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, and Pittsburgh Pirates.

In 2011, Joyce was picked to play in the Major League Baseball All-Star Game.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Matt Joyce
- **image**: Matt Joyce Whitecaps.jpg
- **width**: 300
- **caption**: Joyce with the West Michigan Whitecaps in 2006.
- **team**: Free Agent
- **number**: 23
- **position**: Outfielder
- **birth place**: Tampa, Florida
- **bats**: Left
- **throws**: Right
- **debutleague**: MLB
- **debutdate**: May 5
- **debutyear**: 2008
- **debutteam**: Detroit Tigers
- **statyear**: 2016 season
- **statleague**: MLB
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .242
- **stat2label**: Home runs
- **stat2value**: 106
- **stat3label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat3value**: 376
- **teams**: * Detroit Tigers (2008)
* Tampa Bay Rays (2009–2014)
* Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2015)
* Pittsburgh Pirates (2016)
* Oakland Athletics (2017–2018)
- **awards**: * Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star (2011)
Foundation

**Foundation** might mean:

- Foundation (engineering)
- Foundation (nonprofit)
- Foundation (novel)
CITIC Plaza

**CITIC Plaza** is a skyscraper in Guangzhou, China.  It is 391 meters (1283 feet) tall and has 80 floors.  It was built in 1997 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the world

## Other websites

- Emporis.com – CITIC Plaza
- SkycraperPage.com – CITIC Plaza

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: CITIC Plaza
 中信廣場
- **image**: Guangzhou citic plaza.jpg
- **location**: Guangzhou, China
- **floor count**: 80
- **completion date**: 1997
- **antenna spire**: 391 m (1283 ft)
Shun Hing Square

**Shun Hing Square** is a skyscraper in Shenzhen, China.  It is 384 meters (1260 feet) tall and has 69 floors.  It was built in 1996 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the world

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - Shun Hing Square
- SkycraperPage.com – Shun Hing Square

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Shun Hing Square
 信興廣場
- **image**: Shun Hing Square.jpg
- **location**: Shenzhen, China
- **floor count**: 69
- **completion date**: 1996
- **antenna spire**: 384 m (1260 ft)
Salesforce Tower (Indianapolis)

**Salesforce Tower** is a skyscraper in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is 247 meters (811 feet) tall and has 49 floors and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. It was built in 1990 and was named **Bank One Tower**. In 2004, its name was changed to **Chase Tower** because Chase Bank bought Bank One Corporation. In 2017, its name was changed again, to **Salesforce Tower** because Salesforce bought the naming rights.

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the world

## Other websites

- Chase Tower Website
- Emporis.com - Chase Tower
- SkycraperPage.com – Chase Tower

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Salesforce Tower
- **image**: ChaseTowerIndianapolis.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **location**: 111 Monument Circle
 Indianapolis, Indiana,
 United States
- **completion date**: 1990
- **architect**: KlingStubbins
- **floor count**: 49
- **building type**: Office
- **elevator count**: 31
Gray whale

The **gray whale** (_Eschrichtius robustus_) is a baleen whale (a filter feeder) that has a layer of blubber up to 10 inches (25 cm) thick. Because a mother gray whale would defend her calf so fiercely it would actually attack whalers and overturn their boats, whalers often called the gray whale a **devilfish**.

The gray whale migrates from cold waters to the tropics each year in pods. Gray whales are very agile swimmers. They can dive for up to 30 minutes and go 500 feet (155 m) deep. Gray whales make grunts, clicks, and whistling sounds which may be used to communicate with other gray whales.

## Diet

This giant cetacean eats small fish, crustaceans, squid, and other tiny organisms that it finds on the sea floor. It sieves its food through its comb-like plates of baleen.

## Description

Compared to most baleen whales, gray whales are rather small, growing to be only about 45 feet long. They are easy to see with their gray mottled color, which is actually more charcoal black than it is gray. Gray whales have barnacles and lice on their skin.

Whales prefer one fin over the other, just like humans are right-handed or left-handed. It is possible to see whether a gray whale is left-fineed or right-finned. The fin that has least barnacles is the fin it uses most. This is because the whale likes to dive down to the ocean floor to scoop up huge amounts of sand from the bottom, filtering out small prey animals that live in it. When the whale does this, many of the barnacles on the side that rubbed along the bottom are scraped off. So, whichever side has fewest barnacles is the side the whale prefers to use when it digs up sand.

## Migration

Gray whales migrate on both sides of the Americas. One route is a really long migration from the Arctic Ocean (northwest of Alaska) to the coast of Mexico, and back each year. They travel about 20,000 km (~12,500 miles) each year, staying near the coast. They feed in the cold Arctic waters and calve and mate in the warm, protected tropical lagoons of the Pacific Ocean off Mexico.

Traveling night and day, the gray whale averages approximately  per day at an average speed of . This round trip of  is believed to be the longest annual migration of any mammal.
As they migrate, they may be preyed upon by pods of killer whales (_Orca_). This has been recorded in the cold current running down west of California.
Chase Tower (Chicago)

**Chase Tower** is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States.  It is 259 meters (850 feet) tall and has 60 floors.  It was built in 1969 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

## Related pages

- Chase Bank
- List of tallest buildings in Chicago
- List of tallest buildings in the world

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - Chase Tower
- SkycraperPage.com – Chase Tower

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Chase Tower
- **image**: Chase Tower 060514.jpg
- **caption**: Chase Tower
- **location**: Chicago

- **floor count**: 60
- **completion date**: 1969
- **antenna spire**: 259 m (850 ft)
Le Père Fouettard

**Le Père Fouettard** (French for _The whipping Father_) was a character who went with Saint Nicholas in his rounds at Christmas giving the naughty children the whip<nowiki/>while St. Nick gives gifts to the well behaved.
He wore a long, dirty, dark colored robe and had a beard that was poorly groomed.

He is known mainly in the Eastern regions of France. In Alsace, Le Père Fouettard is synonymous with the bogeyman.
Dryococelus australis

***Dryococelus australis***, also known as the **Lord Howe Island stick insect** or **tree lobster**, is a phasmid which is sometimes called a land lobster. It was thought to have become extinct in 1930, but more were found in 2001. It no longer lives on Lord Howe Island which was its main habitat. It is now only found on the small rock island called Ball's Pyramid. With less than 30 of the stick insects left alive in the wild, it has been called "the rarest insect in the world". Melbourne Zoo has been able to breed the stick insects with more than 9,000 hatched. It is hoped that the insects will be released back on Lord Howe Island in the future.

## Other websites

- The Lord Howe Island Phasmid: an extinct species reborn  by David Priddel, at the Foundation for National Parks & Wildlife
- Sticks and stones article, Sydney Morning Herald, 18 October 2003 (with picture)
Chamber Tehsil

**Chamber Taluka** is an administrative subdivision (taluka) of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The city of Chambar is the capital.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **settlement type**: Tehsil
- **name**: Chamber Taluka
- **image flag**: Flag_of_Sindh.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Subdivisions of Pakistan, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Sindh
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Pakistan, District
- **subdivision name2**: Tando Allahyar District
- **population as of**: 1998
- **timezone1**: Pakistan Standard Time, PST (UTC+5)
- **blank name sec1**: No. of towns
- **blank1 name sec1**: No. of Union Councils
- **leader title**: Nazim
- **leader title1**: Naib Nazim
Fortress

A **fortress** is a building designed to be defended, which means it was very hard for enemies to get inside. Fortification kept the people inside safe. There is little difference between a fortress and a castle. Fortresses normally have thick stone walls, thicker but less tall than in castles so artillery cannot break them. There were very small windows, without glass, so that soldiers inside could fire out through them. As time passed, the weapons they used changed, from bow and arrow, crossbow, gun or cannon. Soldiers outside had great difficulty firing into such small windows. The people defending the fortress were also able to drop things like rocks and boiling oil on the heads of those below. Successful attacks were usually sieges.

Fortresses were not designed for comfort. They were dark and often damp. The Tower of London is an example of a fortress.
Malay alphabet

The modern **Malay alphabet** is based on the Latin alphabet. It is used to write Malay.

It contains the same letters as the English language alphabet. Q, V, and X are not used in native Malay words. The Malay alphabet contains 26 letters:

|A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|a|b|c|d|e|f|g|h|i|j|k|l|m|n|o|p|q|r|s|t|u|v|w|x|y|z|

## Letter names and pronunciations

- {| class="wikitable"
! Letter
! Name
! IPA
! Notes
|-
| align=center| Aa || _e_ ||  or  ||
|-
| align=center|  Bb || _bi_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Cc || _si_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Dd || _di_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Ee || _e_ || ,  ||
|-
| align=center|  Ff || _ef_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Gg || _ji_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Hh || _ec_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Ii  || _i_ ||   ||
|-
| align=center|  Jj   || _je_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Kk  || _ke_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Ll  || _el_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Mm  || _em_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Nn  || _en_ || |
|-
| align=center|  Oo  || _o_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Pp  || _pi_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Qq  || _kiu_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Rr  || _ar_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Ss  || _es_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Tt  || _ti_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Uu  || _iu_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Vv  || _vi_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Ww  || _dabaliu_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Xx  || _eks_ ||  /  ||
|-
| align=center|  Yy  || _wai_ ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Zz  || _zed_ ||  ||
|}

**Diphthongs**

**Consonant combinations**

## Usage

Actual written examples of the Malay language:

**Good day** > Apa khabar

**What is your name?** > Siapa nama awak?

**Do you speak Malay?** > Awak boleh cakap bahasa Melayu ke?

## Related pages

- Malay language

## Other websites

- Malay alphabet
- Omniglot
- Coba-coba(Cuba-cuba) Bahasa Indonesia ＆ Bahasa Melayu
- Sistem Ejaan Bahasa Melayu
- Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Melayu
Central Plaza (Hong Kong)

**Central Plaza** is a skyscraper in Hong Kong, China. It is  tall. It has 78 floors. It was built in 1992. It is one of the tallest buildings in the world

## Related pages

- List of tallest buildings in the world

## Other websites

- Emporis.com - Central Plaza
- SkycraperPage.com – Central Plaza

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Central Plaza
 中環廣場
- **image**: 中環廣場.JPG
- **location**: Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- **floor count**: 78
- **construction start date**: January 1989
- **completion date**: April 9, 1992
- **antenna spire**: 374 m (1227 ft)
Fin whale

The **fin whale** (_Balaenoptera physalus_) is a huge baleen whale. It is the second largest animal on Earth (the blue whale is the biggest). This whale is sometimes called the "greyhound of the sea" because of its fast swimming speed; it can swim up to 23 mph (37 km/hr) in short bursts. The fin whale is also called the finback, finner, razorback, common rorqual, and herring whale.

The fin whale is a streamlined whale that is found worldwide; it is most common in the North Atlantic. There are three separate populations of fin whales, one in the North Pacific, one in the North Atlantic, and one in the Southern Hemisphere; they do not interbreed. Many groups of fin whales migrate between feeding grounds and breeding grounds. This whale usually swims in pods of 3-7 whales but larger groups (up to 300 animals) may form at rich feeding grounds.

## Diet and baleen

Fin whales are filter feeder<nowiki/>s that eat plankton (tiny crustaceans like krill and copepods) and small fish from the water.  They have very fine grey-black baleen that traps very small particles of food. Each side of the upper jaw has 270-470 baleen plates.
James Skinner (East India Company officer)

**James Skinner** CB (1778 – December 4, 1841) was an Anglo-Indian military adventurer in India.

Skinner was born in India, son of Lieutenant-Colonel Hercules Skinner and a Indian lady from Bhojpur. Because of his Indian heritage, Skinner was unable to serve as an officer in the East India Company army and, at the age of eighteen, he entered the Mahratta army under Benoît de Boigne, where he soon showed military talent. He remained in the same service under Pierre Cuillier-Perron until 1803, when, on the outbreak of the second Anglo-Maratha War all Anglo-Indians were dismissed from Mahratta service.
Nauplion

**Nauplion** is a Greek city. It is in the Argolida's prefecture, in the east of Peloponnese peninsula. Near Nauplio is the historical city of Argos. Nauplio was the first capital of Greece. Nauplio is a coastal city. It has three castles. The most famous are the Palamidi castle, and Bourtzi castle which is on the islet in front of the port. The population of Nauplion is 13,124 inhabitants.

## History

Nauplion was the second capital of Greece. In 1834 the king Otto carried the capital to Athens. Nauplion was one of the first cities which were liberated during the Greek War of Independence.

## Sites of interest

Nauplion has many sites of interest. The most interesting sites are its three castles. Its old neighborhoods are also very beautiful places for visiting. In Nauplion there are many old beautiful buildings from previous centuries.
Lincoln, Alabama

**Lincoln** is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 6,845.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lincoln, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: "Come Grow With Us"
- **image map**: Talladega County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Lincoln Highlighted 0143120.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Lincoln in Talladega County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Talladega County, Alabama, Talladega
- **area total sq mi**: 25.87
- **area land sq mi**: 25.67
- **area water sq mi**: 0.20
- **elevation ft**: 502
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 6845
- **population density sq mi**: 266.65
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35096
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205, 659 Area code 256, 256
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-43120
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0112832
- **website**: http://www.lincolnalabama.com/
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 67.00
- **area land km2**: 66.49
- **area water km2**: 0.52
- **population density km2**: 102.96
Linden, Alabama

**Linden** is a city in and the county seat of Marengo County, Alabama, United States. The population was 1,930 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Linden, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Marengo Alabama Courthouse.jpg
- **image caption**: Marengo County Courthouse in Linden
- **image map**: File:Marengo County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Linden Highlighted 0143240.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Marengo County, Alabama
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name2**: Marengo County, Alabama, Marengo
- **government type**: Mayor/Council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Gwendolyn Rogers
- **area total km2**: 9.36
- **area land km2**: 9.27
- **area water km2**: 0.09
- **elevation ft**: 161
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 1930
- **population density km2**: 208.24
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 36748
- **area code**: Area code 334, 334
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-43240
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0152070
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Lineville, Alabama

**Lineville** is a city in Clay County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 2,489.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lineville
- **settlement type**: City
- **image caption**: Lineville in 2022
- **image map**: File:Clay County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Lineville Highlighted 0143264.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Lineville in Clay County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Clay County, Alabama, Clay
- **area total km2**: 25.23
- **area total sq mi**: 9.74
- **area land km2**: 25.04
- **area land sq mi**: 9.67
- **area water km2**: 0.19
- **area water sq mi**: 0.07
- **elevation ft**: 1056
- **elevation m**: 322
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2489
- **population density km2**: 99.40
- **population density sq mi**: 257.45
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 36266
- **area code**: Area code 256, 256
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-43264
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0159953
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **image flag**: Flag of Lineville, Alabama.svg
Lipscomb, Alabama

**Lipscomb** is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 2,086.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lipscomb
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: File:Jefferson County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Lipscomb Highlighted 0143336.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Lipscomb in Jefferson County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Jefferson County, Alabama, Jefferson
- **area total sq mi**: 1.18
- **area land sq mi**: 1.18
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 541
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2086
- **population density sq mi**: 1773.81
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205 & 659
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-43336
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2404936
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 3.05
- **area land km2**: 3.05
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population density km2**: 684.84
Livingston, Alabama

**Livingston** is a city in Sumter County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 3,436. The city is the county seat of Sumter County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Livingston, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: SumterCountyAlabamaCourthouseLivingstonAlabama.jpg
- **image caption**: The Sumter County Courthouse in Livingston, Alabama
- **image map**: File:Sumter County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Livingston Highlighted 0143720.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Livingston in Sumter County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Sumter County, Alabama, Sumter
- **area total sq mi**: 7.21
- **area land sq mi**: 7.13
- **area water sq mi**: 0.08
- **elevation ft**: 154
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3436
- **population density sq mi**: 481.91
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35470
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205, 659
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-43720
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0152129
- **website**: https://www.cityoflivingstonal.com/
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 18.68
- **area land km2**: 18.47
- **area water km2**: 0.22
- **population density km2**: 186.07
Luverne, Alabama

**Luverne** is a city in Crenshaw County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census the population was 2,765. The city is the county seat of Crenshaw County.

## Media

- Radio station
    - WHLW 104.3 FM (Gospel)
- Newspaper
    - _Luverne Journal_ (weekly)

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Luverne, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Luverne, Alabama.JPG
- **image caption**: Downtown Luverne
- **image map**: Crenshaw County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Luverne Highlighted 0144728.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Luverne in Crenshaw County, Alabama.
- **nickname**: "Friendliest City in the South"
- **established title**: Founded
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established date1**: February 6, 1891
- **founder**: M.P. Legrand, S.D. Hubbard, and George A. Folmar
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Crenshaw County, Alabama, Crenshaw
- **government type**: Mayor-council
- **established date**: 1889
- **area total km2**: 40.60
- **area total sq mi**: 15.67
- **area land km2**: 40.53
- **area land sq mi**: 15.65
- **area water km2**: 0.07
- **area water sq mi**: 0.03
- **elevation ft**: 354
- **elevation m**: 108
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2765
- **population density km2**: 68.23
- **population density sq mi**: 176.71
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 36049
- **area code**: Area code 334, 334
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-44728
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0122110
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Iridaceae

**Iridaceae** are perennial herbs from rhizomes, bulbs or corms comprising about 80 genera and 1,500 species. The leaves are distichous and have a sheathing, equitant base and a generally ensiform or linear blade with parallel venation. The flowers are bisexual, usually showy, and are actinomorphic or zygomorphic.

Some genera:
- _Gladiolus_
- _Ixia_
- _Iris_
- _Libertia_
Tampa Bay Area

The **Tampa Bay Area** is an area in West Central Florida that includes Tampa and St. Pete. Among notable residents is John Cena, a WWE pro wrestler and former 3-time WWE Champion and reigning World Heavyweight Champion.
Live at Wembley '86

***Live at Wembley '86*** is a set of two discs recorded by English rock band Queen.

It was recorded live on Saturday July 12, 1986 during the _Magic Tour_ at Wembley Stadium in London, England and was released on May 26, 1992.

A DVD was released in June 2003. The album was re-sold in a new CD with bonus tracks in August 2003 in the United States as **Live at Wembley Stadium** after the DVD.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Live at Wembley '86
- **type**: Live album
- **artist**: Queen (band), Queen
- **recorded**: 12 July 1986
- **venue**: Wembley Stadium (1923), Wembley Stadium, London, England
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **length**: 110:00
- **label**: EMI Records, EMI/Parlophone, Hollywood Records, Hollywood (US)
- **producer**: Queen
- **prev title**: Classic Queen
- **prev year**: 1992
- **next title**: The 12" Collection
- **next year**: 1992
Trams in Melbourne

Melbourne, Australia introduced trams in 1885 and now it is the largest tram network in the world, consisting of  of tracks, 500 trams, 24 routes, and 1,700 tram stops. The trams are powered using 600V DC delivered by overhead wires and run on standard gauge track. Currently operated by a private company, Yarra Trams under contract from the Victorian Government, the owner of the network. Melbourne's trams give a lot to the city's distinctive character and are loved by the people of Melbourne.

In 2023-2024,a total of 154.8 million passengers took rides on Melbourne’s trams.
Lincoln City F.C.

**Lincoln City F.C.** is an English football team currently playing in Football League one (the third tier of the English football league system).

The team play at the 10,127 capacity Sincil Bank in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, and are nicknamed the Imps after the legend of the Lincoln Imp. More recently, they have also been known as the Red Imps. Traditionally they play in red and white striped shirts with black shorts and red and white socks.

## League position

|Season|League|Position|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2000/01|Third Division|18th|
|2001/02|Third Division|22nd|
|2002/03|Third Division|6th|
|2003/04|Third Division|7th|
|2004/05|League Two|6th|
|2005/06|League Two|7th|
|2006/07|League Two|5th|
|2007/08|League Two|15th|
|2008/09|League Two|13th|

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Lincoln City F.C.
- **fullname**: Lincoln City Football Club
- **nickname**: Imps
- **founded**: 1884
- **ground**: Sincil Bank
Lincoln, Lincolnshire, Lincoln
- **capacity**: 10,127
- **chairman**: Steff Wright
- **manager**: Mark Kenndy
- **captain**: Luke Waterfall
- **league**: Football League one, League one
- **season**: The Football League 2016–17, 2016/17
- **position**: Vanarama National League, National League, 1st
- **pattern b1**: _whitestripes
- **leftarm1**: FF0000
- **body1**: FF0000
- **rightarm1**: FF0000
- **shorts1**: 000000
- **socks1**: FF0000
- **leftarm2**: ffffff
- **body2**: ffffff
- **rightarm2**: ffffff
- **shorts2**: FF0000
- **socks2**: ffffff
- **pattern b3**: _blackhalf
- **leftarm3**: 000000
- **body3**: a0522d
- **rightarm3**: 000000
- **shorts3**: 000000
- **socks3**: a0522d
Neamț County

**Neamţ** () is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia, with the county seat at Piatra Neamţ.

## Demographics

In 2002, it had a population of 557,000 and a population density of 99/km².

- Romanians - 98.66%
- Hungarians - 0.05%
- Rromas - 1.08
- Lipovans - 0.07%, and others

|Year|County population|
| --- | --- |
|1948|357,348|
|1956|419,949|
|1966|470,206|
|1977|532,096|
|1992|578,420|
|2002|554,516|

## Other websites

- **www.piatra-neamt.net - Neamt info portal**
- prefecturaneamt.ro - The Neamt Prefecture
- judetulneamt.ro - Neamt county map
- neamt.ro - a website about Neamt county
- mont.ro - biggest newspaper in Neamt
Retezat Mountains

The **Retezat Mountains** (, ) are one of the highest massifs in Romania. They are part of the Southern Carpathians. The highest peak is Peleaga (Vârful Peleaga), at an altitude of . Other important peaks are Păpuşa (Varful Păpuşa) and Retezat Peak (Vârful Retezat).

The Retezat Mountains have many glacial lakes. The largest glacial lake in Romania, Bucura Lake (lacul Bucura) is in these mountains. It covers  and is located at an altitude of  metres. The area also contains the Retezat National Park, Romania's first national park.

## Other websites

- Retezat page on **SummitPost**
- Website of Retezat National Park
- Maps of the Retezat
- Jiu Valley Portal  - Romania's principal coalmining region and a gateway to the Retezat National Park
- Retezat - photographs + information in Czech
- Alpinet
Swainsona formosa

**Swainsona formosa**, commonly called _Sturt's Desert Pea_, is the floral emblem of South Australia It was named after explorer Charles Sturt.

This plant is a part of the pea family, Fabaceae. It is only found in Australia. It grows in the drier areas of the country except in Victoria. Explorer William Dampier was the first European to collect a sample of the plant. He found it growing in what is now called the Dampier Archipelago in Western Australia in 1699.

## Other websites

- Download a line drawing of the plant http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/swainsona-formosa-line.html
Gossypium sturtianum

**_Gossypium sturtianum_,** commonly called _Sturt's Desert Rose_, is the floral emblem of the Northern Territory. It was named after explorer Charles Sturt who found the plant in creeks near the site of Broken Hill, New South Wales in 1844. He collected the seeds and brought them back for Robert Brown (1773-1858), a Scottish botanist, to study.

A stylized drawing of the flower is used on the Northern Territory's flag.
University of San Francisco

The **University of San Francisco**, is a private Jesuit university founded in 1855 in San Francisco, California, and is the oldest university in San Francisco.
Mureș County

**Mureş** (, ) is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. The capital of Mureş County is Târgu Mureş.

## Geography

Mureş County has an area of 6,714 km².

## Population

In 2002, about 582,000 people lived in Mureş County.

## Divisions

Mureş County has 4 municipalities, 7 towns and 91 communes.

### Municipalities

- Târgu Mureş (Marosvásárhely)
- Sighişoara (Segesvár)
- Reghin (Szászrégen)
- Târnăveni (Dicsőszentmárton)

### Towns

- Iernut (Radnót)
- Luduş (Marosludas)
- Sovata (Szováta)
- Miercurea Nirajului (Nyárádszereda)
- Sărmaşu (Nagysármás)
- Sângeorgiu de Pădure (Erdőszentgyörgy)
- Ungheni (Nyárádtő)

## Other websites

- Mureş Info
- Mureş online
Hurricane Dog (1950)

**Hurricane Dog** was the strongest hurricane in the 1950 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the fourth named storm of the season. Dog began on August 30 to the east of Antigua. After passing through the northern Lesser Antilles, the storm turned to the north and became a Category 5 hurricane. Dog reached its highest strength of 185 mph (295 km/h) winds over the ocean. The hurricane weakened and passed within 200 miles (320 km) of Cape Cod before becoming extratropical on September 12.

Hurricane Dog caused high damage to the Leeward Islands, and was said to be the strongest hurricane on record in Antigua. Many buildings were destroyed or damaged on the island. In the United States, the hurricane caused damage along the coast. It damaged several boats and caused 11 people to drown. Strong winds caused large power outages across southeastern New England. Damage along Hurricane Dog's track totaled to about $3 million (1950 USD, $25.7 million 2007 USD).

## Other websites

- 1950 Monthly Weather Review

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Dog
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 1950
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Hurricane Dog (1950).JPG
- **image name**: Surface weather analysis of Hurricane Dog on September 4
- **formed**: August 30, 1950
- **dissipated**: September 12, 1950
- **1-min winds**: 160
- **pressurepre**: ≤
- **pressure**: 979
- **damages**: 3
- **inflated**: 1
- **fatalities**: 14 direct, 5 indirect
- **areas**: Lesser Antilles, East Coast of the United States
- **hurricane season**: 1950 Atlantic hurricane season