juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
George Chambers

**George Michael Chambers** ORTT (4 October 1928 – 4 November 1997) was the second Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago. He served as Assistant General Secretary of the PNM before becoming Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Finance in 1966.  From there he went on to serve as Minister of Finance, Public Utilities, Housing, National Security, Education, Planning, Industry/Commerce and Agriculture.

## Other websites

- Biography from the National Library and Information Service of Trinidad and Tobago (Nalis).

## Infobox (politician)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: George Michael Chambers
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, ORTT
- **image**: George Chambers (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: George Chambers (1986)
- **office**: List of Prime Ministers of Trinidad and Tobago, 2nd Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
- **term start**: 30 March 1981
- **term end**: 18 December 1986
- **president**: Ellis Clarke
- **predecessor**: Eric Williams
- **successor**: A. N. R. Robinson
- **office3**: Political Leader of the People's National Movement
- **term start3**: 1981
- **term end3**: 1987
- **predecessor3**: Eric Williams
- **successor3**: Patrick Manning
- **birth place**: Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
- **death place**: Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
- **party**: People's National Movement (PNM)
Paula-Mae Weekes

**Paula-Mae Weekes** (born December 23, 1958) was the 6th president of Trinidad and Tobago from 2018 until 2023. She took office on 19 March 2018 and became the first woman to hold the office of President.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Paula-Mae Weekes
- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, Her Excellency
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, ORTT
- **image**: Paula-Mae Weekes 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Weekes in 2019
- **order**: 6th
- **office**: President of Trinidad and Tobago
- **primeminister**: Keith Rowley
- **term start**: 19 March 2018
- **term end**: 20 March 2023
- **predecessor**: Anthony Carmona
- **successor**: Christine Kangaloo
- **birth place**: Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
Prime Minister of Sri Lanka

The **Prime Minister of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka** ( ; ) is the most senior member of parliament in the cabinet of ministers in Sri Lanka. They are in charge for their policies and actions to parliament. The President is both head of state and head of government in Sri Lanka. Since 1978, most prime ministers have served as mere deputies to the executive presidency, while at times served as the _de-facto_ head of government.

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
 ශ්‍රී ලංකා අග්‍රාමාත්‍ය
 இலங்கை பிரதமர்
- **flag**: Flag of Sri Lanka.svg
- **flagsize**: 150px
- **flagcaption**: Flag of Sri Lanka
- **insignia**: Emblem of Sri Lanka.svg
- **insigniasize**: 100px
- **insigniacaption**: Emblem of Sri Lanka
- **incumbent**: Harini Amarasuriya
- **incumbentsince**: 24 September 2024
- **reports to**: Parliament of Sri Lanka, Parliament
- **residence**: Temple Trees
- **seat**: Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte
- **nominator**: Parliament of Sri Lanka
- **appointer**: President of Sri Lanka
- **termlength**: Five years
- **constituting instrument**: Constitution of Sri Lanka, Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
- **inaugural**: D. S. Senanayake, Don Stephen Senanayake
- **precursor**: Leader of the House, State Council of Ceylon
- **succession**: First in the
Sri Lankan presidential line of succession, presidential line of succession
- **salary**: Sri Lankan rupee, LKR 858,000 annually (2016)
Jusuf Gazibegović

**Jusuf Gazibegović** (born 11 March 2000) is a Bosnian football player. He plays for SK Sturm Graz in  the Austrian Football Bundesliga as a defender.

## Career

Gazibegovic started in the youth teams of Red Bull Salzburg. Then he went on to the football academy of FC Red Bull Salzburg from 2016 to 2018. He also played for the  UEFA Youth League squad in 2017–18. There he scored one goal against Girondis Bordeaux.

In the 2018–19 season he played in the regular team of Liefering. In September 2020 Gazibegović moved to Sturm Graz.

### Club

|rowspan=2|Club|rowspan=2|Season|colspan=3|League|colspan=2|Austrian Cup|colspan=2|Europe|colspan=2|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan=4|Liefering (loan)|2017–18|2. Liga|8|0|–|–|8|0|||
|2018–19|2. Liga|18|0|–|–|18|0|||||
|2019–20|2. Liga|13|0|–|–|13|0|||||
|rowspan=5|Sturm Graz|2020–21|Austrian Bundesliga|25|1|4|0|–|29|1||
|2021–22|Austrian Bundesliga|27|0|3|0|7|0|37|0|||
|2022–23|Austrian Bundesliga|29|2|6|1|7|0|42|3|||
|2023–24|Austrian Bundesliga|13|1|2|0|6|0|21|1|||

### International

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan=4|Bosnia and Herzegovina|||
|2021|2|0||
|2022|3|0||
|2023|8|0||

## Honours

**Sturm Graz**
- Austrian Bundesliga: 2023–24
- Austrian Cup: 2022–23, 2023–24
̈

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Jusuf Gazibegović
- **image**: File:FC Liefering gegen SV Ried (3. März 2018) 48.jpg
- **caption**: Gazibegović playing for SK Sturm Graz, Sturm Graz in 2021
- **birth place**: Salzburg, Austria
- **height**: 1.74 m
- **position**: Defender (association football)#Full-back, Right-back
- **currentclub**: SK Sturm Graz, Sturm Graz
- **clubnumber**: 22
- **youthyears1**: 2009–2011
- **youthclubs1**: SV Austria Salzburg, Austria Salzburg
- **youthyears2**: 2011–2018
- **youthclubs2**: FC Red Bull Salzburg, Red Bull Salzburg
- **years1**: 2018–2020
- **clubs1**: FC Red Bull Salzburg, Red Bull Salzburg
- **caps1**: 0
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 2018–2020
- **clubs2**: FC Liefering, Liefering
- **caps2**: 39
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2020–
- **clubs3**: SK Sturm Graz, Sturm Graz
- **caps3**: 117
- **goals3**: 5
- **nationalyears1**: 2016–2017
- **nationalteam1**: Bosnia and Herzegovina national under-17 football team, Bosnia and Herzegovina U17
- **nationalcaps1**: 16
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2017–2018
- **nationalteam2**: Bosnia and Herzegovina national under-19 football team, Bosnia and Herzegovina U19
- **nationalcaps2**: 11
- **nationalgoals2**: 1
- **nationalyears3**: 2018–2021
- **nationalteam3**: Bosnia and Herzegovina national under-21 football team, Bosnia and Herzegovina U21
- **nationalcaps3**: 4
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
- **nationalyears4**: 2021–
- **nationalteam4**: Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **nationalcaps4**: 19
- **nationalgoals4**: 0
- **club-update**: 31 August 2024
- **nationalteam-update**: 10 September 2024
Abbas Amir-Entezam

**Abbas Amir-Entezam** (; 18 August 1932 – 12 July 2018) was an Iranian politician and political prisoner. He was the spokesman and deputy prime minister in the Interim Cabinet of Mehdi Bazargan in 1979.

In 1981 he was sentenced to life imprisonment on charges of spying for the United States. He was "the longest-held political prisoner in the Islamic Republic of Iran". According to Fariba Amini, as of 2006 he had "been in jail for 17 years and in and out of jail for the last ten years, altogether for 27 years."

Amir-Entezam died on 12 July 2018 in Tehran at the age of 85.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Abbas Amir-Entezam
- **image**: Abbas_Amir-Entezam.jpg
- **caption**: Amir-Entezam in 1979
- **order**: Deputy Prime Minister of Iran for Spokesperson of the Government of Iran, Public Relations and Administration
- **term start**: 13 February 1979
- **term end**: August 1979
- **primeminister**: Mehdi Bazargan
- **successor**: Sadeq Tabatabaei
- **order2**: Ambassador to Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway and Iceland
- **term start2**: August 1979
- **term end2**: 19 December 1979
- **primeminister2**: Mehdi Bazargan
- **birth place**: Tehran, Iran
- **death place**: Tehran, Iran
- **party**: Freedom Movement of Iran
National Front of Iran
- **spouse**: Elaheh Amir-Entezam
- **children**: 3
- **website**: [http://iran-amirentezam.com/ Official website]
Chairperson of the African Union

The **Chairperson of the African Union** is the ceremonial head of the African Union elected by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government for a one-year term.

A candidate must be supported by at least two-thirds of the member states or by consensus. The chairperson is expected to complete the term without resignations or impeachment.

## List of Chairpersons

||Portrait|Chairperson|Took office|Left office|Country|Region|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1||Thabo Mbeki|9 July 2002|10 July 2003||Southern Africa|
|2||Joaquim Chissano|10 July 2003|11 July 2004||Southern Africa|
|3||Olusegun Obasanjo|11 July 2004|24 January 2006||West Africa|
|4||Denis Sassou Nguesso|24 January 2006|24 January 2007||Central Africa|
|5||John Kufuor|30 January 2007|31 January 2008||West Africa|
|6||Jakaya Kikwete|31 January 2008|2 February 2009||East Africa|
|7||Muammar Gaddafi|2 February 2009|31 January 2010|Libya|North Africa|
|8||Bingu wa Mutharika|31 January 2010|31 January 2011||Southern Africa|
|9||Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo|31 January 2011|29 January 2012||Central Africa|
|10||Yayi Boni|29 January 2012|27 January 2013||West Africa|
|11||Hailemariam Desalegn|27 January 2013|30 January 2014||East Africa|
|12||Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz|30 January 2014|30 January 2015||North Africa|
|13||Robert Mugabe|30 January 2015|30 January 2016||Southern Africa|
|14||Idriss Déby|30 January 2016|30 January 2017||Central Africa|
|15||Alpha Condé|30 January 2017|28 January 2018||West Africa|
|16||Paul Kagame|28 January 2018|10 February 2019||East Africa|
|17||Abdel Fattah el-Sisi|10 February 2019|10 February 2020||North Africa|
|18||Cyril Ramaphosa|10 February 2020|6 February 2021||Southern Africa|
|19||Félix Tshisekedi|6 February 2021|5 February 2022||Central Africa|
|20||Macky Sall|5 February 2022|18 February 2023||West Africa|
|21||Azali Assoumani|18 February 2023|17 February 2024||East Africa|
|22||Mohamed Ould Ghazouani|17 February 2024|15 February 2025||West Africa|
|23||João Lourenço|15 February 2025|Incumbent||Southern Africa|

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Chairperson
- **body**: the
 African Union
- **flag**: Flag of the African Union.svg
- **flagcaption**: Flag of the African Union
- **image**: João Lourenço 2023.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **incumbent**: João Lourenço
- **incumbentsince**: 15 February 2025
- **style**: Excellency
- **abbreviation**: CPAU
- **appointer**: Assembly of the African Union, the Assembly
- **termlength**: One year
- **constituting instrument**: Constitutive Act of the African Union, Constitutive Act of the AU (article 6)
- **precursor**: Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity, Chairperson of the OAU
- **inaugural**: Thabo Mbeki
- **formation**: 9 July 2002
- **deputy**: Chairperson of the African Union#Bureau, Bureau
Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz

**Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz** ( _Muḥammad Wald ‘Abd al-‘Azīz_; born 20 December 1956) was the President of Mauritania from 2009 to 2019.

Ould Abdel Aziz was a member of the military junta which ousted President Ould Taya in 2005. Following the 2008 coup, Abdel Aziz became President of the High Council of State as part of what was described as a political transition leading to a new election. He resigned from that post in April 2009 in order to stand as a candidate in the July 2009 presidential election, which he won. He was sworn in on 5 August 2009.

Abdel Aziz also served as the Chairman of the African Union from 2014 to 2015.

On July 9, 2020, Mohamed Abdel Aziz was to respond to the convening of a Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry tasked with writing a "report". In the aftermath, the Mauritanian justice started to boil in a race against the clock for the construction of the High court of justice, only authorized to judge the president of the republic in the event of high treason.

In October 2023, the prosecutor requests 20 years in prison with confiscation of the property of Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz.

On 25 February, 2025, the Attorney General requested on appeal, 20 years in prison against Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, accused of embezzlement of public funds and illicit enrichment during his mandate.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: General
- **name**: Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz

- **image**: Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz August 2014 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Abdel-Aziz in 2014
- **office**: 8th President of Mauritania
- **primeminister**: Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf, Moulaye Laghdaf
Yahya Ould Hademine
- **term start**: 5 August 2009
- **term end**: 1 August 2019
- **predecessor**: Ba Mamadou Mbaré
- **successor**: Mohamed Ould Ghazouani
- **office1**: 12th Chairperson of the African Union
- **term start1**: 30 January 2014
- **term end1**: 30 January 2015
- **predecessor1**: Hailemariam Desalegn
- **successor1**: Robert Mugabe
- **office2**: President of the High Council of State (Mauritania), High Council of State

- **primeminister2**: Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf, Moulaye Laghdaf
- **term start2**: 6 August 2008
- **term end2**: 15 April 2009*

- **predecessor2**: Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi
- **successor2**: Ba Mamadou Mbaré
- **birth place**: Akjoujt, French West Africa
- **nationality**: Mauritanian
- **party**: Union for the Republic (Mauritania), Union for the Republic
- **branch**: Military of Mauritania, Mauritanian Army
- **serviceyears**: 1977–2009
- **rank**: Brigadier general, Brigadier General
- **spouse**: Mariam Mint Ahmed Aicha
Bingu wa Mutharika

**Bingu wa Mutharika** (born **Brightson Webster Ryson Thom**; 24 February 1934 – 5 April 2012) was a Malawian politician and economist. He was President of Malawi from May 2004 until his death in April 2012. He was also President of the Democratic Progressive Party. He was also Chairperson of the African Union in 2010–2011. He died of cardiac arrest in Lilongwe while in office on 5 April 2012, at age 78.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bingu wa Mutharika
- **image**: Bingu Wa Mutharika - World Economic Forum on Africa 2008.jpg
- **office**: President of Malawi
- **term start**: 24 May 2004
- **term end**: 5 April 2012
- **predecessor**: Bakili Muluzi
- **successor**: Joyce Banda
- **order2**: 8th
- **office2**: Chairperson of the African Union
- **term start2**: 31 January 2010
- **term end2**: 31 January 2011
- **predecessor2**: Muammar Gaddafi
- **successor2**: Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
- **birth place**: Thyolo, Nyasaland
- **death place**: Lilongwe, Malawi
- **birthname**: Ryson Webster Thom
- **nationality**: Malawian
- **party**: Democratic Progressive Party (Malawi), DPP
- **otherparty**: United Democratic Front (Malawi), UDF
- **relations**: Peter Mutharika
- **children**: 4
- **alma mater**: University of Delhi
 California Miramar University
- **profession**: Economist
Peter Mutharika

**Arthur Peter Mutharika** (; born 18 July 1939) is a Malawian politician, educator and lawyer who is serving as the President of Malawi since 2025. He was the 5th President of Malawi from 31 May 2014 until he lost his re-election bid on June 28, 2020. He informally served as an adviser to his older brother, President Bingu wa Mutharika, on issues of foreign and domestic policy from the onset of his election campaign until the President's death on 5 April 2012.

In August 2021, the Constitutional Court examines an appeal lodged by the Progressive Democratic Party of Peter Mutharika. He calls for the cancellation of the 2020 presidential election because four of his representatives had been banned from sitting on the Electoral Commission.

He became president-elect again after defeating Chakwera in the 2025 election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**:  His Excellency
- **name**: Peter Mutharika
- **image**: Arthur Peter Mutharika 2014 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Mutharika in 2014
- **office**: 5th & 7th President of Malawi
- **term start**: 4 October 2025
- **vicepresident**: Jane Ansah
- **predecessor**: Lazarus Chakwera
- **term start1**: 31 May 2014
- **term end1**: 28 June 2020
- **vicepresident1**: Saulos Chilima
 Everton Chimulirenji
- **predecessor1**: Joyce Banda
- **successor1**: Lazarus Chakwera
- **office2**: Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **president2**: Bingu wa Mutharika
- **term start2**: 8 September 2011
- **term end2**: 26 April 2012
- **predecessor2**: Etta Banda
- **successor2**: Ephraim Chiume
- **office3**: Minister of Education, Science and Technology
- **president3**: Bingu wa Mutharika
- **term start3**: 9 August 2010
- **term end3**: 8 September 2011
- **predecessor3**: George Chaponda
- **successor3**: George Chaponda
- **office4**: Ministry of Justice (Malawi), Minister of Justice
- **president4**: Bingu wa Mutharika
- **term start4**: 15 June 2009
- **term end4**: 9 August 2010
- **predecessor4**: Henry Dama Phoya
- **successor4**: George Chaponda
- **office5**: Member of Parliament
for Thyolo District, Thyolo East
- **term start5**: 19 May 2009
- **term end5**: March 2014
- **predecessor5**: Bapu Khamisa
- **successor5**: Gerson Timothy Solomoni
- **office6**: Advisor to The President on Foreign and Domestic Policy
- **term start6**: 2009
- **term end6**: 2012
- **birth name**: Arthur Peter Mutharika
- **birth place**: Chisoka, Thyolo District, Thyolo, Nyasaland
- **nationality**: Malawian
- **party**: Democratic Progressive Party (Malawi), DPP (2004–present)
United Democratic Front (Malawi), UDF (before 2004)
- **spouse**: Christophine (d. 1990)

- **relatives**: Bingu wa Mutharika (brother)
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: University of London (LLB)
Yale Law School, Yale University (LL.M., LLM, Doctor of Juridical Science, JSD)
- **profession**: Lawyer
- **blank1**: Awards
- **data1**: International Jurist Award
Bakili Muluzi

**Elson Bakili Muluzi** (born March 17, 1943 in Machinga, Nyasaland) is a Malawian politician. He was the first freely elected President of Malawi from 1994 to 2004. He was also chairman of the United Democratic Front (UDF) until 2009. He replaced Hastings Kamuzu Banda as Malawi's president. He also served in Banda's cabinet as Minister without Portfolio, before retiring in 1980.

## Other websites

- personal website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Elson Bakili Muluzi
- **order**: President of Malawi
- **image**: Bakili Muluzi Dialogue (cropped).jpg
- **vicepresident**: Justin Malewezi and Chakufwa Chihana
- **term start**: 24 May 1994
- **term end**: 24 May 2004
- **predecessor**: Hastings Banda
- **successor**: Bingu wa Mutharika
- **birth place**: Machinga District, Machinga, Nyasaland
- **spouse**: Annie Chidzira Muluzi
Patricia Shanil Muluzi
- **children**: 7
- **party**: Malawi Congress Party (before 1992)
United Democratic Front (Malawi), UDF (1992–present)
- **website**: http://www.bakilimuluzi.com
President of Malawi

The **President of the Republic of Malawi** is the head of state and head of government of Malawi. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Malawi and is the commander-in-chief of the Malawian Defence Force.

## Monarch (1964–1966)

The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne.

|rowspan=2|No.|rowspan=2|Monarch|rowspan=2|Portrait|colspan="3"|Reign|rowspan=2|Royal House|rowspan=2|Prime Minister|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Queen **Elizabeth II **||1964|1966|2 years|Windsor|Banda||||||

### Governor-General

The Governor-General was the representative of the monarch in Malawi and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The Governor-General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the monarch. After the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of Malawi without the involvement of the British government. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice served as Officer Administering the Government.

- Status

|rowspan=2|No.|rowspan=2|Governor-General|rowspan=2|Portrait|colspan="3"|Tenure|rowspan=2|Monarch|rowspan=2|Prime Minister|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1964|1966|2 years|Elizabeth II|Banda|||||||

## List of presidents

|rowspan=2|No.|rowspan=2|President|rowspan=2|Portrait|colspan=2|Tenure|rowspan=2|Elected|rowspan=2 colspan=2|Political affiliation (at time of appointment)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1966|1994||style="background: ;"||Malawi Congress Party||||||
||1994|2004|1994 1999|style="background: ;"||United Democratic Front||||||
|rowspan=2||rowspan=2|2004|rowspan=2|2012|2004|style="background: ;"||United Democratic Front|||
|2009|style="background: ;"||Democratic Progressive Party|||||||||
||2012|2014|–|style="background: ;"||People's Party||||||
||2014|2020|2014, ~~2019~~|style="background: ;"||Democratic Progressive Party||||||
||2020|2025|2020|style="background: ;"||Malawi Congress Party||||||
||2025|Incumbent|2025|style="background: ;"||Democratic Progressive Party||||||

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: President
- **body**: the
Republic of Malawi
- **native name**: Mtsogoleri wa Dziko la Malawi
- **flag**: Flag of the President of Malawi.svg
- **flagsize**: 125px
- **flagcaption**: Presidential Standard
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **image**: Arthur Peter Mutharika 2014 (cropped).jpg
- **incumbent**: Peter Mutharika
- **incumbentsince**: 4 October 2025
- **department**: Politics of Malawi#Executive branch, Executive branch of the Malawian Government
- **style**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **member of**: Cabinet of Malawi, Cabinet
- **seat**: Lilongwe
- **termlength**: Five years,
- **constituting instrument**: Constitution of Malawi
- **formation**: 6 July 1966
- **first**: Hastings Banda
- **deputy**: Vice President of Malawi
- **salary**: US$ 42,000 p.a.
Joyce Banda

**Joyce Hilda Banda**  (née **Mtila**; born 12 April 1950) is a Malawian politician. She was the President of Malawi from 7 April 2012 to 31 May 2014. She is the founder and leader of the People's Party, created in 2011. She was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2009 and Vice-President of Malawi from May 2009 to April 2012.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Joyce Banda
- **image**: President of Malawi Joyce Banda (8985928177).jpg
- **office**: President of Malawi
- **vicepresident**: Khumbo Kachali
- **term start**: 7 April 2012
- **term end**: 31 May 2014
- **predecessor**: Bingu wa Mutharika
- **successor**: Peter Mutharika
- **office1**: Vice-President of Malawi, Vice President of Malawi
- **president1**: Bingu wa Mutharika
- **term start1**: 29 May 2009
- **term end1**: 7 April 2012
- **predecessor1**: Cassim Chilumpha
- **successor1**: Khumbo Kachali
- **office2**: Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **president2**: Bingu wa Mutharika
- **term start2**: 1 June 2006
- **term end2**: 29 May 2009
- **predecessor2**: George Chaponda
- **successor2**: Etta Banda
- **birth name**: Joyce Hilda Ntila
- **birth place**: Malemia, Zomba, Malemia, Nyasaland

- **party**: United Democratic Front (Malawi), United Democratic Front
Democratic Progressive Party (Malawi), Democratic Progressive Party
People's Party (Malawi), People's Party
- **spouse**: Roy Kachale
Richard Banda
- **children**: 5
- **alma mater**: Columbus University (Louisiana), Columbus University
Atlantic International University
Royal Roads University
John Magufuli

Dr **John Joseph Magufuli** (29 October 1959 – 17 March 2021) was a Tanzanian politician. He was the President of Tanzania from 2015 until his death. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania, Magufuli became known for not believing that the virus was real or a threat.

He was in the Cabinet of Tanzania as Deputy Minister of Works from 1995 to 2000, Minister of Works from 2000 to 2006, Minister of Lands and Human Settlement from 2006 to 2008, Minister of Livestock and Fisheries from 2008 to 2010, and as Minister of Works for a second time from 2010 to 2015.

Beginning in late February 2021, Magufuli was not seen publicly and rumors arose that he was hospitalized with COVID-19. On 10 March 2021, a Kenyan newspaper reported that an "African leader" was in bad health because of COVID.

Magufuli died at a Dar es Salaam hospital on 17 March 2021, aged 61. The cause of death was said to be heart failure by the Tanzanian government.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Magufuli
- **image**: John Magufuli 2015.png
- **office**: 5th President of Tanzania
- **primeminister**: Kassim Majaliwa
- **vicepresident**: Samia Suluhu
- **term start**: 5 November 2015
- **term end**: 17 March 2021
- **predecessor**: Jakaya Kikwete
- **successor**: Samia Suluhu
- **office2**: Ministry of Works (Tanzania), Minister of Works, Transport and Communications
- **primeminister2**: Mizengo Pinda
- **term start2**: 28 November 2010
- **term end2**: 5 November 2015
- **predecessor2**: Shukuru Kawambwa
- **successor2**: Makame Mbarawa
- **primeminister3**: Frederick Sumaye
- **term start3**: November 2000
- **term end3**: 21 December 2005
- **successor3**: Basil Mramba
- **office4**: Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, Minister of Livestock and Fisheries Development
- **primeminister4**: Mizengo Pinda
- **term start4**: 13 February 2008
- **term end4**: 6 November 2010
- **predecessor4**: Anthony Diallo
- **successor4**: David Mathayo David
- **office5**: Minister of Lands and Human Settlements
- **primeminister5**: Edward Lowassa
- **term start5**: 6 January 2006
- **term end5**: 13 February 2008
- **successor5**: John Chiligati
- **office6**: National Assembly (Tanzania), Member of Parliament for
Biharamulo District, Biharamulo East and Chato District, Chato
- **term start6**: November 1995
- **term end6**: July 2015
- **successor6**: Kalemani Medard
- **birth place**: Chato District, Chato, Tanganyika (territory), Tanganyika (now Tanzania)
- **death place**: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- **party**: Chama Cha Mapinduzi
- **spouse**: Janeth Magufuli
- **children**: 2
- **education**: University of Dar es Salaam (Bachelor of Science, BS, Master of Science, MS, Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
- **branch**: National Service (Tanzania), National Service
- **serviceyears**: 1983–1984
President of Tanzania

The **President of the United Republic of Tanzania** () is the head of state and head of government of Tanzania. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Tanzania and is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.

## List

1. Julius Kambarage Nyerere 1962 -1985
1. Ali Hassan Mwinyi 1985 - 1995
1. Benjamin Mkapa 1995 - 2005
1. Jakaya Kikwete 2005 - 2015
1. John Joseph Magufuli 2015 - 2021
1. Samia Suluhu since 2021

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: President
- **body**: the United Republic of Tanzania
- **flag**: Flag of the President of Tanzania.svg
- **flagsize**: 120px
- **flagcaption**: The Presidential Standard
- **insignia**: Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg
- **insigniasize**: 120px
- **insigniacaption**: The Coat of arms of Tanzania
- **image**: Samia Suluhu Hassan in May 2017.jpg
- **imagesize**: 165px
- **incumbent**: Dr.  Samia Suluhu
- **incumbentsince**: 18 March 2021
- **department**: Government of Tanzania#Executive branch, The Executive branch of the Tanzanian Government
- **style**: Excellency, His Excellency

- **member of**: Cabinet of Tanzania, Cabinet
- **residence**: Ikulu [http://www.ikulu.go.tz/]
- **seat**: Dar es Salaam
- **termlength**: Five years

- **constituting instrument**: Constitution of Tanzania, 1977 Constitution
- **formation**: 29 October 1964
- **first**: Julius Kambarage Nyerere
- **deputy**: Vice President of Tanzania
- **salary**: Tanzanian shilling, TSh 84 million (US$ 42,000) annually
Benjamin Mkapa

**Benjamin William Mkapa** (November 12, 1938 – July 24, 2020) was a Tanzanian politician. He was the third President of Tanzania, in office from 1995 to 2005. He was also Chairman of the Revolutionary State Political Party (Chama Cha Mapinduzi, CCM).

Mkapa died on July 24, 2020 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania at the age of 81.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Benjamin William Mkapa
- **image**: Benjamin William Mkapa - World Economic Forum on Africa 2010 - 3.jpg
- **order**: 3rd
- **office**: President of Tanzania
- **term start**: 23 November 1995
- **term end**: 21 December 2005
- **vicepresident**: Omar Ali Juma  <small>(1995–2001)</small>
 Ali Mohamed Shein, Dr Ali Mohamad Shein <small>(2001–05)</small>
- **1blankname**: Prime Minister of Tanzania, Prime Minister
- **1namedata**: Frederick Sumaye
- **predecessor**: Ali Hassan Mwinyi
- **successor**: Dr. Jakaya Kikwete
- **office2**: Minister for Science, Technology and Higher Education
- **term start2**: 1992
- **term end2**: 1995
- **president2**: Ali Hassan Mwinyi
- **office3**: Minister for Information and Broadcasting
- **term start3**: 1990
- **term end3**: 1992
- **president3**: Ali Hassan Mwinyi
- **birth place**: Ndanda, Masasi, Tanganyika Territory, Tanganyika
- **death place**: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- **nationality**: Tanzanian
- **spouse**: Anna Mkapa
- **party**: Chama cha Mapinduzi, CCM
- **otherparty**: Tanganyika African National Union, TANU
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: Makerere University <small>Bachelor of Arts, (B.A.)</small>
 Columbia University <small>Master of Arts, (M.A.)</small>
- **profession**: Journalist, diplomat
- **caption**: Mkapa in 2010
Jakaya Kikwete

**Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete** (born 7 October 1951) was the fourth President of Tanzania, in office from 2005 to 2015. He has also served as the Chairman of the African Union in 2008–2009 and the Chairman of the Southern African Development Community Troika on Peace, Defence and Security in 2012–2013.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete
- **image**: Jakaya Kikwete 2011 (cropped).jpg
- **order**: 4th
- **office**: President of Tanzania
- **term start**: 21 December 2005
- **term end**: 5 November 2015
- **vicepresident**: Ali M. Shein
 Mr. Mohamed Gharib Bilal, Mohamed Bilal
- **1blankname**: Prime Minister of Tanzania, Prime Minister
- **1namedata**: Edward Lowassa
 Mr. Mizengo Pinda
- **predecessor**: Benjamin William Mkapa
- **successor**: John Magufuli
- **order2**: 6th
- **office2**: Chairperson of the African Union
- **term start2**: 31 January 2008
- **term end2**: 2 February 2009
- **predecessor2**: John Kufuor
- **successor2**: Muammar al-Gaddafi
- **order3**: 11th
- **office3**: Minister of Foreign Affairs (Tanzania)Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **term start3**: November 1995
- **term end3**: 21 December 2005
- **predecessor3**: Joseph Rwegasira
- **successor3**: Asha-Rose Migiro
- **office4**: 7th Minister of Finance (Tanzania), Minister of Finance
- **term start4**: 1994
- **term end4**: 1995
- **predecessor4**: Kighoma Malima
- **successor4**: Mr. Simon Mbilinyi
- **office5**: Member of Parliament (Tanzania), Member of Parliament
for Chalinze
- **term start5**: 1995
- **term end5**: 2005
- **successor5**: Ramadhani Maneno
- **birth place**: Msoga, Tanganyika Territory, Tanganyika
- **nationality**: Tanzanian
- **party**: Chama Cha Mapinduzi, CCM
Tanganyika African National Union, TANU
- **children**: Family of Jakaya Kikwete, Eight
- **residence**: Msoga, The United Republic Of Tanzania
- **alma mater**: The University of Dar es Salaam
Tanzania Military Academy
- **profession**: Economist
- **blank2**: Twitter handle
- **data2**: [https://twitter.com/jmkikwete jmkikwete]
- **branch**: Tanzanian Army
- **rank**: Rank and insignia of the Tanzanian Armed Forces#Officer ranks, Lieutenant Colonel
Prime Minister of Tanzania

The **Prime Minister of the United Republic of Tanzania** is the leader of government business in the National Assembly. The position works closely with the President, the head of government.

The functions and powers of the Prime Minister are described in the Constitution of Tanzania:

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Prime Minister
- **body**: the
United Republic of Tanzania
- **flag**: Flag of Tanzania.svg
- **flagsize**: 120px
- **flagcaption**: Flag of Tanzania
- **insignia**: Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg
- **insigniasize**: 120px
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of arms of Tanzania
- **image**: Mwigulu Nchemba.jpg
- **imagesize**: 165px
- **incumbent**: Mwigulu Nchemba
- **incumbentsince**: 13 November 2025
- **style**: The Right Honourable
- **member of**: Cabinet of Tanzania, Cabinet
- **seat**: Dodoma, Tanzania
- **appointer**: President of Tanzania
- **constituting instrument**: Constitution of Tanzania, 1977 Constitution
- **formation**: 17 February 1972
- **first**: Rashidi Kawawa
- **salary**: Tanzanian shilling, TSh 6 m (US$ 3,750) monthly
Salim Ahmed Salim

**Salim Ahmed Salim** (, Urdu: , , born 23 January 1942) is a Tanzanian diplomat. He was the 4th Prime Minister of Tanzania from 24 April 1984 to 5 November 1985.

## Other websites

- Presidents of the General Assembly
- The South Center – Geneva
- East African Center for Constitutional Development
- Salim's Speech on HIV/AIDS
- Salim on Darfur
- Press release on Darfur
- AU in Darfur

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Salim Ahmed Salim

سليم احمد سليم
- **image**: Salim.JPG
- **office**: 7th Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity, Secretary General of the
Organisation of African Unity
- **term start**: 19 September 1989
- **term end**: 17 September 2001
- **predecessor**: Ide Oumarou
- **successor**: Amara Essy
- **office2**: Minister of Defense and National Service
- **term start2**: 1985
- **term end2**: 1989
- **president2**: Ali Hassan Mwinyi
- **order3**: 4th
- **office3**: Prime Minister of Tanzania
- **term start3**: 24 April 1984
- **term end3**: 5 November 1985
- **predecessor3**: Edward Sokoine
- **successor3**: Joseph Warioba
- **office4**: 8th Minister of Foreign Affairs (Tanzania), Minister for Foreign Affairs
- **term start4**: 1981
- **term end4**: 1984
- **predecessor4**: Benjamin Mkapa
- **successor4**: Benjamin Mkapa
- **office5**: Permanent Representative of Tanzania to the United Nations
- **term start5**: 1970
- **term end5**: 1980
- **president5**: Julius Nyerere
- **birth place**: Sultanate of Zanzibar
- **nationality**: Tanzanian
- **party**: Chama cha Mapinduzi, CCM
- **spouse**: Amne
- **alma mater**: University of Delhi
 School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, SIPA, Columbia
- **committees**: Chair, Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, Mo Ibrahim Prize selection committee
- **blank1**: Positions
- **data1**: Chancellor, Hubert Kairuki Memorial University, HKMU
 Chair, Mwalimu Nyerere Foundation, MNF
Cleopa Msuya

**Cleopa David Msuya** (4 January 1931 – 7 May 2025) was a Tanzanian politician. He was Prime Minister of Tanzania from 7 November 1980 to 24 February 1983 and again from 7 December 1994 to 28 November 1995.

Msuya died from heart failure on 7 May 2025 at the age of 94, at a hospital in Dar es Salaam.

## Funeral

His State funeral will held in 1 June 2025

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Cleopa David Msuya
- **office**: Prime Minister of Tanzania
- **image**: Cleopa David Msuya.jpg
- **predecessor**: John Malecela
- **successor**: Frederick Sumaye
- **predecessor2**: Edward Sokoine
- **party**: Chama cha Mapinduzi, CCM
- **successor2**: Edward Sokoine
- **death place**: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- **birth place**: Chomvu, Northern Province, Tanganyika Territory, Tanganyika
- **nationality**: Tanzanian
- **spouse**: Rhoda Msuya (Deceased)
- **term start**: 5 December 1994
- **term end**: 27 November 1995
- **president**: Ali Hassan Mwinyi
Benjamin Mkapa
- **president2**: Julius Nyerere
- **term start2**: 7 November 1980
- **term end2**: 23 February 1983
- **office3**: Vice President of Tanzania, First Vice President of Tanzania
- **term start3**: 9 November 1990
- **term end3**: 23 November 1995
- **president3**: Ali Hassan Mwinyi
- **1blankname3**: 2nd Vice President
- **1namedata3**: Salmin Amour
- **predecessor3**: John Malecela
- **successor3**: Omar Ali Juma
(as sole Vice President)
- **office4**: 3rd Minister of Finance (Tanzania), Minister of Finance
- **term start4**: 1986
- **term end4**: 1989
- **predecessor4**: Kighoma Malima
- **successor4**: Steven Kibona
- **term start5**: 1974
- **term end5**: 1975
- **predecessor5**: Amir H. Jamal
- **successor5**: Amir H. Jamal
Kassim Majaliwa

**Kassim Majaliwa Majaliwa** (born 22 December 1960) is a Tanzanian politician. He is the Prime Minister of Tanzania since 2015. He was appointed by President John Magufuli after the 2015 general election. He is a member of the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi party and has been a Member of Parliament for Ruangwa constituency since 2010.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Right Honourable
- **name**: Kassim Majaliwa
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of parliament, MP
- **image**: Kassim Majaliwa.jpg
- **order**: List of Prime Ministers of Tanzania, 10th
- **office**: Prime Minister of Tanzania
- **term start**: 20 November 2015
- **president**: John Magufuli
Samia Suluhu
- **predecessor**: Mizengo Pinda
- **office1**: Deputy Minister of State for Regional Administration and Local Government
- **term start1**: November 2010
- **term end1**: 5 November 2015
- **president1**: Jakaya Kikwete
- **primeminister1**: Mizengo Pinda
- **office2**: Member of Parliament (Tanzania), Member of Parliament
for Ruangwa
- **term start2**: November 2010
- **office3**: District Commissioner for Urambo
- **term start3**: 2006
- **term end3**: 2010
- **president3**: Jakaya Kikwete
- **birth place**: Tanganyika Territory, Tanganyika
- **nationality**: Tanzanian
- **party**: Chama Cha Mapinduzi, CCM
- **spouse**: Mary
- **alma mater**: The Mtwara Teacher training college, TTC
The University of Dar es Salaam
The Stockholm University
- **profession**: Teacher
- **branch**: National Service (Tanzania), National Service
- **military blank1**: Military camp
- **military data1**: Makutopora JKT
- **military blank2**: Duration
- **military data2**: 1 year
Rotherhithe

**Rotherhithe** () is a residential district in south east London. It is part of the London Borough of Southwark. Historically, the area was the most northeastern settlement in the county of Surrey. It is located on a peninsula on the South Bank of the River Thames and is a part of the Docklands area. It borders Bermondsey to the west and Deptford to the south east and faces Wapping and the Isle of Dogs on the north bank of the river.

The **Rotherhithe Tunnel** is a road tunnel under the River Thames. It connects Limehouse in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets north of the river to Rotherhithe  south of the river. A road runs through it called the A101. It was opened in 1908. It is a rare example of a road tunnel where road traffic, pedestrians and cyclists all share the same tunnel. Transport for London took over ownership and maintenance of the tunnel in 2001. The area is served by Rotherhithe railway station, Canada Water station and Surrey Quays railway station.
Samora Machel

**Samora Moisés Machel** (29 September 1933 – 19 October 1986) was a Mozambican military commander, politician and revolutionary. He served as the first President of Mozambique from the country's independence in 1975 until he died in a plane crash in 1986.

## Death

Of 44 people on board, Machel and 33 others including several ministers, senior officials of the Mozambican government, a navigator, a radio operator and 8 of 9 crew member aboard (all 6 flight attendants and both pilots) were killed in a presidential aircraft crashed near the Mozambique-South Africa border while 10 others (9 passengers and a flight engineer) survived.

## Other websites

- Speech by Nelson Mandela at the unveiling of the Samora Machel Memorial
- The TRC's Special Investigation into the death of President Samora Machel
- A case of assassination? President Samora Machel and the plane crash at Mbuzini
- Biographical notes on Samora Machel
- Graça Machel and Mandela
- Historic film essay on Frelimo and Samora Machel's rehabilitation program

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Samora Machel
- **image**: Samora Moises Machel detail DF-SC-88-01383.jpg
- **order**: 1st
- **office**: President of Mozambique
- **term start**: 25 June 1975
- **term end**: 19 October 1986
- **successor**: Joaquim Chissano
- **birth place**: Gaza Province, Portuguese Mozambique
- **birthname**: Samora Moisés Machel
- **death place**: Mbuzini, Lebombo Mountains, South Africa
- **death cause**: 1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash, Plane crash
- **office2**: Chairman of the FRELIMO, Mozambique Liberation Front
- **term start2**: 1970
- **term end2**: 19 October 1986
- **predecessor2**: Eduardo Mondlane
- **successor2**: Joaquim Chissano
- **nationality**: Mozambique, Mozambican
- **party**: FRELIMO, Mozambique Liberation Front
- **spouse**: Josina Machel, Josina Mutemba
 Graça Machel, Graça Simbine (1975–1986)
Joaquim Chissano

**Joaquim Alberto Chissano** (born 22 October 1939) is a politician. He served as the second President of Mozambique, from 1986 to 2005. He is known for transforming the war-torn country of Mozambique into one of the most successful African democracies. Chissano also served as Chairperson of the African Union from 2003 to 2004.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Joaquim Alberto Chissano
- **order**: 2nd President of Mozambique
- **image**: Joaquim Chissano (cropped).jpg
- **term start**: 6 November 1986
- **term end**: 2 February 2005
- **predecessor**: Samora Machel
- **successor**: Armando Guebuza
- **birth place**: Gaza Province, Mozambique
- **spouse**: Marcelina Rafael Chissano
- **children**: 4
- **party**: FRELIMO
- **primeminister**: Mário da Graça Machungo
Pascoal Mocumbi
Luisa Diogo
Armando Guebuza

**Armando Emílio Guebuza** (born 20 January 1943) is a Mozambican politician. He was President of Mozambique from 2005 to 2015.

In August 2021, his son Ndambi Guebuza was tried for corruption.

## Other websites

- Office of the President

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Armando Guebuza
- **image**: Armando Guebuza, President of Mozambique (cropped).jpg
- **order**: 3rd
- **office**: President of Mozambique
- **term start**: 2 February 2005
- **term end**: 15 January 2015
- **primeminister**: Luisa Diogo
Aires Ali
Alberto Vaquina
- **predecessor**: Joaquim Chissano
- **successor**: Filipe Nyusi
- **birth place**: Murrupula District, Murrupula, Nampula Province, Nampula
 Portuguese Mozambique
- **nationality**: Mozambican
- **spouse**: Maria da Luz Guebuza
- **party**: FRELIMO
- **blank1**: Nickname(s)
- **data1**: _Four-wheel drive, Four by Four_
 _Mr Guebusiness_
- **allegiance**: FRELIMO
- **branch**: Paramilitary wing
- **rank**: General
- **battles**: Mozambican War of Independence
Filipe Nyusi

**Filipe Jacinto Nyusi** (, born 9 February 1959), also spelled **Nyussi**, is a Mozambican politician. He serves as the fourth President of Mozambique, in office since 2015.

## Other websites

- Candidate Profile published by FRELIMO

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Filipe Nyusi
- **office**: President of Mozambique
- **order**: 4th
- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **image**: Filipe Nyusi - 2019 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Nyusi in 2019
- **predecessor**: Armando Guebuza
- **primeminister**: Carlos Agostinho do Rosário
Adriano Maleiane
- **office2**: Minister of National Defence
- **predecessor2**: Tobias Joaquim Dai
- **successor2**: Agostinho Mondlane
- **party**: FRELIMO
- **birth place**: Mueda District, Mueda, Cabo Delgado Province, Cabo Delgado,
 Portuguese Mozambique
- **nationality**: Mozambican
- **spouse**: Isaura Nyusi
- **children**: 4
- **alma mater**: Brno University of Technology
Victoria University of Manchester, University of Manchester
- **profession**: Mechanical engineer
- **term start**: 15 January 2015
- **term start2**: 27 March 2008
- **term end2**: 14 March 2014
St Michael's Mount

**St Michael's Mount** is a small tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England. The island is a civil parish and is linked to the town of Marazion by a man-made granite causeway, passable when the water is lower. The population of the parish in 2011 was 35. The castle and chapel have been the home of the St Aubyn family since about 1650, and is managed by the National Trust. The earliest buildings, on the summit, date from the 12th century.

The Mount is a kind of twin to Mont Saint-Michel on the French side of the Channel.
Barbara Underwood

**Barbara Dale Underwood** (born August 16, 1944) is an American lawyer. She was the New York State Attorney General from May 8, 2018, to December 31, 2018. She was the first woman to serve as Attorney General in the State of New York. She served as the Solicitor General of New York, first appointed to the position by New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo in January 2007, and reappointed in 2011 by New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Barbara Underwood
- **office**: Solicitor General of New York (state), New York
- **governor**: Eliot Spitzer
David Paterson
Andrew Cuomo
- **term start**: January 1, 2007
- **predecessor**: Caitlin Halligan
- **office1**: 66th Attorney General of New York
- **governor1**: Andrew Cuomo
- **term start1**: May 8, 2018
- **term end1**: December 31, 2018
Acting: May 8, 2018 – May 22, 2018
- **predecessor1**: Eric Schneiderman
- **successor1**: Letitia James
- **office2**: Solicitor General of the United States
Acting
- **president2**: George W. Bush
- **term start2**: January 20, 2001
- **term end2**: June 11, 2001
- **predecessor2**: Seth P. Waxman
- **successor2**: Theodore Olson
- **office3**: Solicitor General of the United States, Principal Deputy Solicitor General of the United States
- **president3**: Bill Clinton
- **term start3**: March 23, 1998
- **term end3**: January 20, 2001
- **predecessor3**: Seth P. Waxman
- **successor3**: Paul Clement
- **birth place**: Evansville, Indiana, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Georgetown University (Juris Doctor, JD)
Theodore Olson

**Theodore Bevry Olson** (September 11, 1940 – November 13, 2024) was an American lawyer. Olson served as United States Solicitor General under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2004. He was known for defending same sex marriage and undocumented immigrant children during his legal career. Some of the cases he defended were for liberal causes, despite being a Republican.

In March 2018, Olson turned down an offer to represent Donald Trump in the probe of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.

Olson's third wife, Barbara Kay Olson (née Bracher), an attorney and conservative commentator, was a passenger on the hijacked American Airlines Flight 77 that crashed into the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. She planned to leave to California on after celebrating Olson's birthday

Olson died at a hospital from a stroke in Fairfax, Virginia, on November 13, 2024, at the age of 84.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Theodore Olson
- **image**: Theodore Olson.jpg
- **office**: 42nd Solicitor General of the United States
- **president**: George W. Bush
- **term start**: June 11, 2001
- **term end**: July 14, 2004
- **predecessor**: Seth P. Waxman
- **successor**: Paul Clement
- **office1**: United States Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel
- **president1**: Ronald Reagan
- **term start1**: 1981
- **term end1**: 1984
- **predecessor1**: John Harmon (attorney), John Harmon
- **successor1**: Charles J. Cooper, Charles Cooper
- **birth name**: Theodore Bevry Olson
- **birth place**: Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Fairfax, Virginia, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: University of the Pacific (United States), University of the Pacific
UC Berkeley School of Law
Barbara Olson

**Barbara Kay Olson** (née **Bracher**; December 27, 1955 September 11, 2001) was an American lawyer and conservative television commentator. She was born in Houston, Texas. She worked for CNN, Fox News Channel, and several other outlets. She was married to Solicitor General Theodore Olson.

Olson was a passenger on American Airlines Flight 77 route to California when it was flown into The Pentagon in the September 11 attacks.  Her original plan had been to fly to California on September 10, but she delayed her departure until the next morning so that she could wake up with her husband on his birthday, September 11.