juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Don Pasquale

***Don Pasquale*** is an Italian comic opera in three acts. Gaetano Donizetti wrote the music. Giovanni Ruffini wrote the libretto (story and words).

_Don Pasquale_ was the 64th of the 66 operas Donizetti wrote. It is about an old bachelor who wants to marry. The opera was first performed on January 3, 1843 at the Comédie-Italienne in Paris, France.

It was first performed in Italy at La Scala in Milan on April 17, 1843. In London, England, it was first performed on June 29, 1843, and in the United States on January 7, 1845 in New Orleans.

## Characters

- Don Pasquale, an old bachelor (bass)
- Dr Malatesta, his doctor (baritone)
- Ernesto, Don Pasquale's nephew (tenor)
- Norina, a young widow (soprano)
- Carlino, a notary (bass)

## References

- Holden, Amanda (Ed.) 2001. _The New Penguin Opera Guide_. Penguin Putnam.

## Other websites

- Longer synopsis of Don Pasquale  from English Touring Opera
- Discography from Stanford website
Tierra del Fuego

**Tierra del Fuego** is an archipelago at the southern tip of South America. The Magellan Strait sepearates it from the South American Mainland. The archipelago consists of a big island, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego and a number of smaller islands. The land area of the archipelago is 73,746 square kilometers. With about 47,000 square kilometers, Isla Grande  takes roughly half of the total land mass. The archipelago and the island are the largest in South America. About 127,000 people live in the part belonging to Argentina. The Argentine part is called Tierra del Fuego Province, the Chilean part is called Magallanes Region. The biggest cities on the main island are Rio Grande with 57,000 people and Ushuaia in the Argentine part, and Porvenir with 5,700 inhabitants and Puerto Williams with 2,300 people in the Chilean part.
Mons Meg

**Mons Meg** is a mediaeval bombard made in 1449. It is now at Edinburgh Castle, Scotland. In contrast to modern shells, which are explosive, these older cannons fired solid balls. Mons Meg fired balls of iron.

It seems, from the accounts of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, that it was made to his order around 1449 and sent as a gift eight years later to King James II of Scotland, with other artillery supplies. Mons Meg weighs , is  in length, and has a calibre of . The final cost of the gun was £1,536. 2s.

### Manufacture

The bombard was made from long bars of iron, hooped with rings and fused into one mass. The Duke's artillery maker constructed it, and it was tested at Mons, Wallonia, in June 1449. The Duke did not take delivery until 1453. The Duke decided to help the Scots against the English, and sent it to James II. James imported a lot of artillery from continental Europe during his reign. He used it against his enemies in Scotland, such as the Earl of Douglas. James died as a result of an exploding cannon used in the siege of Roxburgh Castle in 1460.

Another story suggests Mons Meg was made in order to help James II in the 1452 siege of Threave Castle in Kirkcudbright, when the Clan MacLellan used it to batter the castle. This version has little support.

### In action

The  calibre cannon accepted balls that weighed about . It could only be fired 8-10 times a day due to the tremendous heat generated by the huge powder charge. In early years the gun, like the other royal cannon, was painted with red-lead to keep it from rusting. This cost 30 shillings in June 1539.

From the 1540s Meg was retired from active service and was fired only on ceremonial occasions from Edinburgh Castle, from where shot could be found up to two miles away. When Mons was fired on 3 July 1558, workmen were paid to find and retrieve the shot from Wardie Mure, near the River Forth. The salute marked the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to the French Dauphin.

The gun was fired in 1680 to celebrate the arrival of James, Duke of Albany and York, later King James II of England and VII of Scotland. The barrel burst. An English cannoneer had loaded the charge and many Scots believed that the damage was done on purpose, since the English had no cannon as big as this. The incident was also seen as a bad omen for the future King.

The cannon was left outside Foog's Gate at Edinburgh Castle. It was next taken, with other disused ordnance, to the Tower of London in 1754, but was returned to the Castle in 1829, after a campaign by the author Sir Walter Scott. It was restored, and now sits outside St. Margaret's Chapel.

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: Mons Meg
- **image**: MonsMeg.JPG
- **caption**: Mons Meg with its 20" (510 mm) caliber Round shot, cannon balls
- **origin**: Mons, Duchy of Burgundy
- **type**: Cannon
- **used by**: Kingdom of Scotland
- **weight**: 6.6 t
- **length**: 406 cm
- **part length**: 280 cm
- **cartridge weight**: 175 kg
- **caliber**: 510 mm (ball diameter)
Castelnaudary

**Castelnaudary** () is a commune in the Aude department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) is located at Castelnaudary.
Schwerer Gustav

**Schwerer Gustav** (English: _Heavy Gustaf, or Great Gustaf_) and **Dora** were the names of two huge World War II German **80 cm K (E)** railway siege guns.

The two guns were developed in the late 1930s by Krupp, the famous German arms manufacturer. Their purpose was to destroy heavy fortifications, especially in the French Maginot Line. The guns weighed nearly 1,350 tonnes, and could fire shells weighing seven tonnes to a range of .

Although they were intended for World War II, they were not ready for action when the Wehrmacht outflanked the Maginot line by sweeping through the low country (Belgium) to start the Battle of France. However, they were ready in Autumn 1941, after the Wehrmacht invaded the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa). Gustav was used at the siege of Sevastopol in the summer of 1942. By the end of the siege on 4 July the city of Sevastopol lay in ruins, and 30,000 tons of artillery ammunition had been fired. Gustav had fired 48 rounds and worn out its original barrel, which had already fired around 250 rounds during testing and development. The gun was fitted with the spare barrel and the original was sent back to Krupp's factory in Essen for relining.

Both Gustav and Dora were moved to Leningrad, and may have been intended for Warsaw. Gustav was eventually captured by US troops and cut up, whilst Dora was destroyed near the end of the war to avoid capture by the Red Army.

The Schwerer Gustav was the largest calibre rifled weapon in the history of artillery to see actual combat. It fired the heaviest shells of any artillery piece. A few other huge guns were never fired in anger: the French _Monster Mortar_ (36 French inches; 975mm), the  British Mallet's Mortar (36 inch; 914 mm) and the American Little David mortar (36 inch; 910 mm).

## Infobox (weapon)

- **image**: DoraVSScarab.svg
- **caption**: Schwerer Gustav (black) compared to an OTR-21 Tochka, SS-21 SRBM launcher (red)
- **type**: Railway gun, Super-Heavy Railway Gun
- **is artillery**: yes
- **service**: 1941–1945
- **used by**: Wehrmacht
- **wars**: World War II
- **designer**: Krupp
- **design date**: 1934
- **manufacturer**: Krupp
- **unit cost**: 7 million German Reichsmark, Reichsmark
- **production date**: 1941
- **number**: 2
- **part length**: L/40.6
- **crew**: 250 to assemble the gun in 3 days (54 hours), 2,500 to lay track and dig embankments. 2 Flak battalions to protect the gun from air attack.
- **rate**: 1 round every 30 to 45 minutes or typically 14 rounds a day
- **velocity**: (HE)
 (AP)
- **muzzle energy**: 1.734x10^9 Ft/lbs
- **range**: about
- **max range**: (HE)
 (AP)
- **elevation**: Max of 48°
Dominion of Newfoundland

The **Dominion of Newfoundland** was a British Dominion from 1907 to 1949. It was in northeastern North America along the Atlantic coast. It was made up of the island of Newfoundland and Labrador on the mainland.

The territory was a British colony until 1907, when it was made a dominion. The Statute of Westminster of 11 December 1931 said that the Dominion of Newfoundland was independent within the British Commonwealth, along with Canada, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. But on 16 February 1934 the Newfoundland parliament gave up its self-government, and governance of the dominion went back to being controlled from London. Though governed from overseas, Newfoundland stayed legally a dominion, until the British sold Newfoundland to Canada in 1949 to become Canada's tenth province.
Type 95 75 mm field gun

The  was a field gun of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).  It was used during World War II.

This artillery piece was planned to replace the Type 38 75 mm field gun and the Type 41 75 mm cavalry gun in front line combat.  However, Type 38s continued to be used.

## History

Before World War I, the Imperial Japanese Army mainly had Krupp cannons from Germany. After the Versailles Treaty, the Japanese considered other options including field guns designed by Schneider et Cie from France.

In 1931, IJA began to use the "Type 90" which was based on Schneider designs; however, the Type 90 was not considered successful.

The Type 95s were simpler and more sturdy than the Type 90s.

## Combat record

Type 95s were used in the Second Sino-Japanese War.

## Related pages

- Artillery of Japan
- List of field guns

## Other websites

- Type 95 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page
- US Technical Manual E 30-480

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: Type 95 75 mm field gun
- **image**: Type 95 75 mm field gun.jpg
- **caption**: Type 95 75 mm field gun
- **type**: Field gun
- **is ranged**: yes
- **is artillery**: yes
- **service**: 1936-1945
- **used by**:  Imperial Japanese Army
- **wars**: World War II
- **designer**: Osaka Arsenal
- **manufacturer**: Osaka Arsenal
- **number**: 261
- **part length**: L/30.67
- **caliber**: 75 mm (2.95 in)
- **velocity**: 500 m/s (1,640 ft/s)
- **sights**: Panoramic
- **breech**: Sliding wedge
- **recoil**: Hydropneumatic
- **carriage**: split trail
- **elevation**: -8° to +43°
- **traverse**: 50°
Douglas

**Douglas** can refer to:
- a given name of a person
- a family name of a person
- a name of a Scottish clan
- a Scottish title, the Lord, Earl, Marquess or Duke

- Places
- Douglas, Isle of Man
Hamitic

**Hamitic** is an outdated theory that claims that the so-called Hamitic race is superior to the negroid races of African. John Hanning Speke started the theory. Karl Richard Lepsius and Carl Meinhof extended the theory by using languages to divide people into Hamitic or non-Hamitic. That categorization is no longer in use.

## Alternative theories

Another way to classify people into Hamitic or non-Hamitic is by ethnic roots. Negroid people were perceived as Shemetic, as opposed to the Hamitic Ethiopian, Sudanese, and some other West African ethnic groups as attested by the genealogy of ancient ethnic lineages. For instance, a person who has ancestry from Rome would be considered closer to a Hamite than a person whose ancestry is in Africa.

Ironically, the Hamites include some of the darkest Sub-Saharan African groups like the Nilotes, who were considered closest to Europeans, as opposed to the Chadic Sub-Saharan Africans, who share a common RB1 lineage.

The Hamitic theory also was one factor in classifying the negroid races of Africa upon colonization. That was one factor leading to the Rwandan genocide, which pitted the Tutsis against the Hutus despite their strong similarities and long co-existence.

## Related pages

- Semites
- Scientific racism
- Rwandan genocide denial
Muret

**Muret** (Occitan gascon: _Murèth_) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the Occitanie region of southwestern France.

## Geography

Muret is at about  to the south of Toulouse and has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The _communes_ that are around Muret are Seysses, Roques, Saubens, Villate, Eaunes, Le Fauga, Beaumont-sur-Lèze, Saint-Hilaire, Lherm, Lamasquère, Saint-Clar-de-Rivière and Labastidette.

Muret is on the Garonne river at its confluence with the Louge, which flows northeast through the commune. The Garonne flows north through the commune and forms part of its northern border.

Muret has an oceanic climate with relatively hot summers, mild winters and abundant rainfall, **Cfb** in the Köppen climate classification.

## Population

The inhabitants of Muret are known, in French, as _Murétains_ (women: _Murétaines_).

The _commune_ of Muret has a population, in 2014, of 24,975; its population density is of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

**Evolution of the population in Muret**

## Administration

Muret is a subprefecture of the Haute-Garonne department, the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Muret and the administrative centre () of the canton of Muret.

It is part of the intercommunality _Le Muretain_ ().

### Sister city

Muret is twinned with:
- Monzón, Spain

## Education

A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) is in Muret.

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Muret
- Communes of the Haute-Garonne department

## Other websites

- City Council website

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Muret
- **commune status**: Subprefectures in France, Subprefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Muret (Haute-Garonne).svg
- **image**: Mairie de Muret.JPG
- **caption**: City and town halls, Town hall of Muret
- **arrondissement**: Muret
- **canton**: Muret
- **intercommunality**: Murétains
- **mayor**: André Mandement
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **elevation m**: 229
- **elevation min m**: 152
- **elevation max m**: 305
- **area km2**: 57.8
- **population demonym**: Muretains
- **population**: 24975
- **population date**: 2014
- **insee**: 31395
- **postal code**: 31600
- **website**: [http://www.mairie-muret.fr/ www.mairie-muret.fr]
Biscarosse

**Biscarosse** is a commune of 12,487 people (2007). It is in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Landes department in the southwest of France.

## Education

A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) is located at Biscarosse.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Biscarrosse
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de Biscarrosse.svg
- **image**: Biscarrosse Elm 2.jpg
- **caption**: The Biscarrosse Elm in January; died 2010.
- **arrondissement**: Mont-de-Marsan
- **canton**: Parentis
- **mayor**: Alain Dudon
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de commune des Grands Lacs
- **elevation m**: 26
- **elevation min m**: 0
- **elevation max m**: 78
- **area km2**: 160.48
- **population**: 12487
- **population date**: 2007
- **postal code**: 40600
- **insee**: 40046
Saint-Yan

**Saint-Yan** is a commune in eastern France. It lies in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Today, about 1.141 people live in the city.

## Education

A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) is located at Saint-Yan.

## Transports

- Saint-Yan Airport
Vices & Virtues

***Vices & Virtues*** is the third full-length studio album from Panic! at the Disco. It was released on March 18, 2011 under Fueled By Ramen and Decaydance Records. The album was produced and mixed by music engineers Butch Walker and John Feldmann. The album peaked at number seven on the _Billboard_ 200 albums chart and number five on the Billboard Digital Albums chart. The lead single off the album, "The Ballad of Mona Lisa", was released on February 1, 2011. The single peaked at number 84 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 chart. The second single off the album, titled "Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)", was released on June 6, 2011. It peaked at number 14 on the _Billboard_ Alternative Songs chart.

The album has a different sound than their previous two studio album releases _A Fever You Can't Sweat Out_ (2005) and _Pretty. Odd._ (2008). That is because two group members had left, and because of the amount of time between the releases of _Vices_ and _Pretty. Odd._ The album has elements from the band's debut album. It has heavy use of synthesizers and guitars. The track "Mona Lisa" returns to the idea of the band's first single "I Write Sins, Not Tragedies", which had heavier guitar and rock influences.

The song "Let's Kill Tonight" was released in the United Kingdom for the band's 2012 _Spring Vices & Virtues Tour_. A music video was uploaded on February 10, 2012 on the Fueled By Ramen official YouTube channel with a minute and ten seconds of the band performing the song live in London.

## Release

_Vices & Virtues_ was released March 22, 2011 in the United States, Brazil, and Canada. It was released on other dates in other countries. The record debuted at number seven on the US _Billboard_ 200 albums chart, with first-week sales of 56,000 copies in the United States. This is very different from the group's previous effort, _Pretty. Odd._, which debuted without much commercial attention in 2008, with first-week sales of 139,000. The album also came in at #2 on Neilson SoundScan Alternative Albums chart and #5 on the Digital Albums ranking.

## Track listing

1. "The Ballad of Mona Lisa"
1. "Let's Kill Tonight"
1. "Hurricane"
1. "Memories"
1. "Trade Mistakes"
1. "Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)"
1. "Always"
1. "The Calendar"
1. "Sarah Smiles"
1. "Nearly Witches (Ever Since We Met...)"
1. "New Perspective" <small>(bonus track from the soundtrack of the 2009 horror film _Jennifer's Body_)</small>

### Bonus tracks

1. "Oh Glory" <small>(demo version)</small>
1. "Stall Me"
1. "I Wanna Be Free"
1. "Bittersweet"
1. "Turn Off The Lights"
1. "Kaleidoscope Eyes"
1. "The Ballad of Mona Lisa" <small>(radio edit)</small>

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Vices & Virtues
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Panic! at the Disco
- **recorded**: April 20 – July 26, 2010
- **length**: 38:02
- **prev title**: Live in Chicago (Panic at the Disco album), ...Live in Chicago
- **prev year**: 2008
- **next title**: Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die!
- **next year**: 2013
Type 14 105 mm cannon

The , also known as a "10-cm" gun, was a cannon used by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA). It was used during for long-range fire.

This artillery piece was the first medium caliber cannon which was Japanese designed.  It the first with a split trail carriage. It was used Imperial Japanese Army but was not considered successful. It was replaced by the Type 92 105 mm cannon.

## History

Before World War I, the Imperial Japanese Army mainly had Krupp cannons from Germany. After the Versailles Treaty, the Japanese considered other options including cannon designed by Schneider et Cie from France.

In 1925, IJA began to use the "Type 14" which was based on Schneider designs; however, the Type 14 was not considered successful.

## Combat record

Type 14s were used for training units in the Japanese home islands.

## Related pages

- Artillery of Japan
- List of field guns

## Other websites

- Type 14 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page
- US Technical Manual E 30-480

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: Type 14 105 mm cannon
- **image**: Type 14 10cm Cannon.jpg
- **caption**: Type 14 105 mm cannon
- **type**: Field gun
- **is ranged**: yes
- **is artillery**: yes
- **service**: 1925-1945
- **used by**: Imperial Japanese Army
- **wars**: World War II
- **designer**: Osaka Arsenal
- **production date**: 1925-?
- **number**: 64
- **part length**: L/34.2
- **caliber**: 105 mm (4.13 in)
- **rate**: 6-8 rounds/minute
- **velocity**: 620 m/s (2,034 ft/s)
- **sights**: Panoramic
- **breech**: interrupted screw
- **recoil**: hydropneumatic
- **carriage**: split trail
- **elevation**: -5° to +33°
- **traverse**: 30°
The Ballad of Mona Lisa

***The Ballad of Mona Lisa*** (shortened as **Mona Lisa**) is the lead single off the Panic! at the Disco album _Vices & Virtues_ released on February 1, 2011 under Fueled By Ramen. The single was produced by Butch Walker and John Feldmann and written by band members frontman Brendon Urie and drummer Spencer Smith. The song peaked at number 84 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 single's chart. The song has received positive critical reviews upon its release.

## Charts

|Charts (2011)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|US _Billboard_ Hot 100|align="center"|89|
|US Alternative Songs (_Billboard_)|align="center"|24|
|US Rock Songs (_Billboard_)|align="center"|50|

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: The Ballad of Mona Lisa
- **artist**: Panic! at the Disco
- **album**: Vices & Virtues
- **released**: February 1, 2011
- **recorded**: August, 2010
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **length**: 3:47 (Album Version)
3:33 (Music Video Version)
- **label**: Fueled by Ramen, Decaydance Records, Decaydance
- **writer**: Panic! at the Disco, Brendon Urie, Spencer Smith, Butch Walker, & John Feldmann
- **producer**: John Feldmann, Butch Walker
- **prev title**: New Perspective
- **prev year**: 2009
- **next title**: Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)
- **next year**: 2011
Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)

"**Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)**" (also known as "**Ready to Go**") the second single off the album _Vices & Virtues_ by American pop rock band Panic! at the Disco. The single is the follow up to the band's previously released single "The Ballad of Mona Lisa". The single was produced by Butch Walker, who produced the majority of the band's _Vices & Virtues_ album, and written by frontman Brendon Urie and percussionist Spencer Smith along with co-producer John Feldmann. The single is a branch out statement relative to the group's other well-known songs as this song contains less rock elements and is lacking the group's sound from their previous two albums _A Fever You Can't Sweat Out_ and _Pretty. Odd._ The single peaked at number fourteen on the U.S. Billboard Alternative Songs chart in July of 2011.

The song was chosen as the opening act for the band's headlining Vices & Virtues U.S. Tour in 2011 duo to its rev-up sound and pop elements.

## Music video

The single's music video premiered on YouTube and VEVO on May 2, 2011 on the official Fueled By Ramen YouTube channel. As of February 1, 2012 the video itself, on YouTube, has a round-up tally of 6,000,000 views.

## Track list

1. "Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)" - 3:37 <small>(Album version)</small>
1. "Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)" - 3:20 <small>(live tour performance)</small>

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)
- **artist**: Panic! at the Disco
- **album**: Vices & Virtues
- **b-side**: "Vices & Virtues, Trade Mistakes"
- **released**: June 6, 2011
- **recorded**: October 2010; Butch Walker's Studio
- **genre**: rock music, Pop rock, rock music, alternative, rock music, synthrock
- **length**: 3:37
- **label**: Fueled by Ramen, Decaydance Records, Decaydance
- **writer**: Brendon Urie, Spencer Smith, Butch Walker, John Feldmann
- **producer**: Butch Walker
- **prev title**: The Ballad of Mona Lisa
- **prev year**: 2011
- **next title**: Let's Kill Tonight
- **next year**: 2011
The Producers (1967 movie)

***The Producers*** is a 1967 American satirical dark comedy cult classic movie written and directed by Mel Brooks. The movie tells the story of a theatrical producer and an accountant who want to produce a Broadway musical, but they want it to fail. They take more money from investors than they need and plan to run away to Brazil as soon as the play closes, only to see the show turn out to be a hit.

_The Producers_ was the first movie directed by Mel Brooks. He won an Academy Award for his screenplay. Decades later, it was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry and placed 11th on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs list. The movie was later remade by Brooks as a successful Broadway stage musical. The musical itself was adapted as a movie in 2005.

## Cast

- Zero Mostel as Max Bialystock, the producer and the deuteragonist
- Gene Wilder as Leo Bloom, the accountant and the main protagonist
- Dick Shawn as L.S.D.
- Kenneth Mars as former Nazi soldier and playwright, Franz Liebkind
MyNetworkTV

**MyNetworkTV** is an broadcast syndication channel in the United States. It is owned by The Walt Disney Company, Fox Corporation and Fox Television Stations. It is a major network. Their sisters channels are Fox and ABC.

## Programs

List of programs broadcast by MyNetworkTV

## References

- "Fall Premieres - TV Grid", _Orange County Register_, September 14, 2007
- MyNetworkTV series and specials from _The Futon Critic_ Showatch
- MyNetworkTV schedule  at MyNetworkTV.com

## Infobox (broadcasting network)

- **name**: MyNetworkTV
- **logo**: MyNetworkTV 2D Logo.svg
- **type**: Television Network (–)
Syndicated, Syndication Service
(since )
- **country**: United States
- **available**: Nationwide via digital terrestrial television, OTA digital television

- **area**: United States
- **owner**: The Walt Disney Company
:en:Fox Corporation, Fox Corporation
:en:Fox Television Stations, Fox Television Stations
- **key people**: Roger Ailes
<small>(Chairman, Fox Television Stations, Fox Television Stations Group)</small>
Jack Abernethy
<small>(Chief Operating Officer)</small>
- **picture format**: 480i (Standard-definition television, SDTV)
720p/1080i/1080p (High-definition television, HDTV)
Meu Bem Querer

***Meu Bem Querer*** (_My Wishing Well_) is a Brazilian historical telenovela. It was first shown in 1998. The series starred Murilo Benício, Alessandra Negrini, Leonardo Brício and Flávia Alessandra.

## Cast

|Character|Actor - Actress|
| --- | --- |
|Murilo Benício|Antônio Mourão Ferreira de Souza|
|Alessandra Negrini|Rebeca Maciel Mourão|
|Flávia Alessandra|Lívia Maciel Mourão|
|Leonardo Bricio|Juliano Mourão Ferreira de Souza|
|Marília Pêra|Custódia Alves Serrão|
|José Mayer|Martinho|
|Ângela Vieira|Ava Gardner Maria Ferreira de Souza|
|Lília Cabral|Verena Alves Serrão|
|Arlete Salles|Tonha da Pamonha|
|Mauro Mendonça|Bilac Maciel|
|Cláudio Corrêa e Castro|Ovídio|
|Ricardo Petraglia|Gregory Ferreira de Souza|
|Ary Fontoura|Neris Ferreira de Souza|
|Nuno Leal Maia|Inácio Alves Serrão|
|Rosi Campos|Jorgete|
|Bia Nunnes|Jacira Ferreira de Souza|
|Roberto Bomtempo|Cajão|
|Taís Araújo|Edivânia|
|Laura Cardoso|Yeda Ferreira de Souza|
|Osmar Prado|Barnabé Santos|
|Renata Dutra|Odaísa|
|Suzana Ribeiro|Selma|
|Eloísa Mafalda|Delfina|
|Cosme dos Santos|Zé da Rapadura|
|Samara Felippo|Baby Amoedo|
|Mário Frias|Patricio Amoedo|
|Sérgio Hondjakoff|Daniel Amoedo|
|Amélia Bittencourt|Ruth|
|Júlio Braga|Ananias|
|Bia Montez|Nazaré|
|Lulu Pavarin|Das Dores|
|Luka Ribeiro|Zulú (Edivaldo)|
|Marcos Otávio|Joel|
|Carolina Abranches|Lara|
|Carolina Pavanelli|Bisteca|
|Letícia Medella|Joca|
|Camila Farias|Ester Maciel Mourão|
|Helder Agostini|Antônio Maciel Mourão Jr.|
|Yan Whately|Tico|
|Samuel Costa|Pingo|

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 50 minutes
- **creator**: Ricardo Linhares
- **starring**: Marília Pêra
 Murilo Benício
 Alessandra Negrini
 Leonardo Brício
 Flávia Alessandra
- **country**: Brazil
- **opentheme**: "Meu Bem Querer" by Djavan
- **network**: Rede Globo
- **num episodes**: 179
Infantry gun

**Infantry guns** are artillery weapons for the use of infantry units. The designs usually have short barrels which fire a low speed shell. They are lightly built so they are easy to moved around on the battlefield. Very few infantry guns are still used by infantry units. They have been replaced by grenade launchers, light anti-tank weapons and heavier wire-guided missiles. Pack guns are similar to an infantry gun, but mean those guns that are meant to be taken apart for movement. Mountain guns are infantry guns designed for use during mountain combat. Airborne guns are those designed for use by paratroopers. They are easy to move and lighter weight when compared to field guns.

## History

Infantry guns were the first type of artillery used by armed forces, first in China, and later brought to Europe by the Mongol invasion. At first they were simple cast barrels called _pots de fer_ in French, or _vasi_ in Italian. These weapons were small, immobile, and fired large bolts or quarrels. As the barrels became longer, a way had to be found to move the guns. This led to two different solutions. One was the very light hand-gun, which became the arquebus. The other was to place the gun on wheeled carriages, such as the 2-pounder Culvern moyane, the 1-pounder Falcon, and the 3/4-pounder Falconet. These lighter Renaissance pieces led to the development of the 3-pounder and 4-pounder regimental guns of the 17th century, notably in the army of Gustavus Adolphus. The light field guns of the 17th century, known as a _drake_ in England, came in almost 100 different calibres. Each had its own name, some of which were:
- 5 pound, 3½ inch saker, weighing 1 ton
- 4 pound, 3 inch minion, weighing 3/4 ton
- 2 pound, 2¾ inch falcon, weighing 1/4 ton
- 1 pound, 2 inch falconet, weighing 200lbs
- ¾ pound, ¼ inch robinet, weighing 100lbs

The saker and falcon had ranges of 360 and 320 yards if fired straight at the target, and 2,170 and 1,920 yards if fired in an upward arc.

Although oxen were used to pull the heavier field and siege guns, some on wagons rather than limbers, they were too slow to keep up with the infantr. Horses were used to pull the lighter pieces, leading to the development of the artillery carriage and horse team that survived until the late 19th century.

## Related pages

- List of infantry guns
Giacomo Leopardi

**Giacomo Leopardi** (Recanati June 29, 1798 – Naples June 14, 1837) was an Italian poet, essayist, philosopher, and philologist. He is considered one of the greatest poets of the 19th century.
Even if he lived in a secluded town in the ultra-conservative Papal States, he came in touch with the main thoughts of the Enlightenment, and, by his own literary evolution, created a remarkable, renowned and pessimist poetic work,the Infinite
Good Night

"**Good Night**" is the first episode of Season 1 of The Simpsons shorts. It was first shown on television on April 19, 1987.

## Simple storyline

Homer and Marge Simpson say good night to their children, Bart, Lisa and Maggie Simpson, but actually scare them with sayings they have not heard of.

## Longer storyline

Homer says good night to his son Bart, but then he asks questions about the mind. Homer tells Bart to relax, and makes a joke about mind and matter. Bart is still scared when the lights are turned off.

In Lisa's bedroom, Marge is good night to her daughter Lisa. After a few sentences, she uses the saying "don't let the bed bugs bite". This scares Lisa as well.

In Maggie's bedroom, Marge sings the lullaby _Rock-a-bye Baby_, but in Maggie's thoughts she sees herself falling from a tree. Maggie becomes scared from this thought like Bart and Lisa.

In Marge and Homer's bedroom, they say good night to each other thinking they must be the best parents ever. Then Bart, Lisa and Maggie come in the room quickly, and start shouting and complaining. Marge tells them to come into bed with them to make them feel safer, and they go to sleep. Maggie is last, saying "Good night".

## Notes

This is one of Maggie's small amount of words she has said in The Simpsons.
Brookesia micra

**Brookesia micra** is, , the smallest known species of chameleon in the world. It is small enough to stand on the head of a match. It can grow up to  in length.
Airdrie, Alberta

**Airdrie** is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. The population of Airdrie was 85,805 in 2024. The city was first established as a railway village in 1889 during the construction of the Calgary and Edmonton Railway and is named after Airdrie, Scotland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Airdrie
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Alberta, City
- **image skyline**: Airdrie-aerial.JPG
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Airdrie
- **pushpin map**: Canada Alberta#Canada#CAN AB Rocky View
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Alberta##Location in Canada##Location in Rocky View County
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Alberta
- **subdivision type2**: Land-use framework regions of Alberta, Region
- **subdivision name2**: Calgary Metropolitan Region
- **subdivision type4**: List of municipal districts in Alberta, Municipal district
- **subdivision name4**: Rocky View County
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Governing body
- **leader title2**: Manager
- **leader title3**: Current members of the Canadian House of Commons, MP
- **leader title4**: Legislative Assembly of Alberta, MLA
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1899
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established date1**:  
- **established title2**:  • List of villages in Alberta, Village 
- **established date2**: September 10, 1909
- **established title3**:  • List of towns in Alberta, Town
- **established date3**: May 1, 1974
- **established title4**:  • List of cities in Alberta, City
- **established date4**: January 1, 1985
- **area total km2**: 86.03
- **area footnotes**:  (2021)
- **area land km2**: 84.39
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population total**: 74100
- **population density km2**: 878.1
- **population blank1 title**: Municipal census in Canada, Municipal census (2024 Alberta municipal censuses, 2024)
- **population blank1**: 85805
- **population demonyms**: Airdronian
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, MST
- **utc offset**: −7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: −6
- **elevation m**: 1098
- **postal code type**: Canadian postal code#Forward sortation areas, Forward sortation areas
- **postal code**: List of T postal codes of Canada, T4A - T4B
- **area codes**: Area code 403, 403, Area codes 587, 825, and 368, 587, 825, 368
- **blank name**: List of Alberta provincial highways, Highways
- **blank info**: Alberta Highway 2, 2
United States men's national ice hockey team

The **United States men's national ice hockey team** is the national ice hockey team of the United States, based in Colorado Springs, Colorado and Ann Arbor, Michigan. The team is controlled by USA Hockey.

## Infobox (national hockey team)

- **name**: United States
- **nickname**: _Team U.S.A._, _Ice Yanks_
- **association**: USA Hockey
- **general manager**: Jim Johannson
- **coach**: Jeff Blashill
- **asst coach**: Jack Capuano
Rand Pecknold
- **captain**: Connor Murphy
- **most games**: Mark Johnson (ice hockey), Mark Johnson (151)
- **most points**: Mark Johnson (ice hockey), Mark Johnson (146)
- **iihf code**: USA
- **iihf rank**: 5 1
- **iihf max**: 4
- **iihf max date**: 2016
- **iihf min**: 7
- **iihf min date**: first in 2003
- **jerseys**:
- **first game**: 29–0
<small>(Antwerp, Belgium; April 23, 1920)</small>
- **largest win**: 31–1
<small>(St. Moritz, Switzerland; February 1, 1948)</small>
- **largest loss**: 17–2
<small>(Stockholm, Sweden; March 12, 1963)</small>
 17–2
<small>(Stockholm, Sweden; March 15, 1969)</small>
- **world champ apps**: 70
- **world champ first**: 1930
- **world champ best**:  _Gold_: 2 (1933 World Ice Hockey Championships, 1933, 1960 World Ice Hockey Championships, 1960)
- **regional name**: Canada Cup / World Cup of Hockey, World Cup
- **regional cup apps**: 8
- **regional cup first**: 1976
- **regional cup best**:  _Winner_: 1 (1996 World Cup of Hockey, 1996)
- **olympic apps**: 21
- **olympic first**: Ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics, 1920
- **olympic medals**:  _Gold_ (Ice hockey at the 1960 Winter Olympics, 1960, Ice hockey at the 1980 Winter Olympics, 1980)
 _Silver_ (Ice hockey at the 1920 Winter Olympics, 1920, Ice hockey at the 1924 Winter Olympics, 1924, Ice hockey at the 1932 Winter Olympics, 1932, Ice hockey at the 1952 Winter Olympics, 1952, Ice hockey at the 1956 Winter Olympics, 1956, Ice hockey at the 1972 Winter Olympics, 1972, Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics, 2002, Ice hockey at the 2010 Winter Olympics, 2010)
 _Bronze_: (Ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics, 1936)
- **record**: 473–428–81
Type 92 105 mm cannon

, also known as a "10-cm" gun, was a cannon of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).  It was used during World War II.

This artillery piece was used during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.

It was intended to supersede the Type 14 105 mm cannon in front line combat service.

## History

A Type 92 prototype was completed in 1932.  Less than 200 Type92s were made.

## Combat record

The cannon was first used in combat at the Battle of Nomonhan.

In 1942, it was used during the Bataan and Corregidor Island.

On Guadalcanal, the US Marines called these guns "Pistol Petes".

## Related pages

- Artillery of Japan
- List of field guns

## Other websites

- Type 92 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page
- US Technical Manual E 30-480

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: Type 92 105 mm cannon
- **image**: Type 92 105mm field gun.jpg
- **caption**: Type 92 105 mm cannon
- **type**: Field gun
- **is ranged**: yes
- **is artillery**: yes
- **service**: 1932-1945
- **used by**: Imperial Japanese Army
- **wars**: Second Sino-Japanese War
Soviet-Japanese Border Wars
World War II
- **designer**: Osaka Arsenal
- **manufacturer**: Osaka Arsenal
- **production date**: 1932-?
- **number**: 180
- **part length**: L/45
- **caliber**: 105 mm (4.13 in)
- **rate**: 6-8 rpm
- **velocity**: 760 m/s (2,493 ft/s)
- **sights**: panoramic
- **recoil**: hydropneumatic
- **carriage**: split trail
- **elevation**: -5° to +45°
- **traverse**: 36°
Yamato, Kanagawa

**Yamato** () is a city in central Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2000.

## Geography

Yamato is in the plains of north-central Kanagawa Prefecture.

### Nearby cities

- Zama
- Fujisawa
- Ebina
- Sagamihara
- Ayase
- Yokohama
- Machida, Tokyo

## Other websites

- Official website in Japanese, English and Spanish

## Infobox (city japan)

- **name**: Yamato
- **japanesename**: 大和
- **official name**: 大和市 · Yamato
- **settlement type**: Special cities of Japan, Special city
- **mapimage**: Yamato in Kanagawa Prefecture Ja.svg
- **region**: Kantō region, Kantō
- **prefecture**: Kanagawa Prefecture, Kanagawa
- **area km2**: 27.06
- **popdate**: February 1, 2010
- **population**: 225,866
- **density km2**: 8320
- **tree**: Yamazakura <small>(Prunus jamasakura)</small>
- **flower**: Nogiku <small>(a group of Asteraceae)</small>
- **bird**: Azure-winged Magpie
- **image flag**: Flag of Yamato, Kanagawa.svg
- **symbolimage**: 神奈川県大和市市章.svg
- **symboldescription**: Seal
- **mayor**: Satoru Ōki
- **cityhallpostalcode**: 242-8601
- **cityhalladdress**: 1-1-1 Shimotsuruma, Yamato-shi, Kanagawa-ken
- **cityhalllink**: [http://www.city.yamato.kanagawa.jp/ City of Yamato]
Yamaguchi Prefecture

is a Japanese prefecture  at the western end of the Chūgoku region on the island of Honshū. The capital is the city of Yamaguchi.

## History

The area of Yamaguchi Prefecture includes the old provinces of Suō and Nagato.

## Geography

Yamaguchi is at the southern end of Honshū.  The Sea of Japan forms its northern coastline; and the Seto Inland Sea is on its southern coast. Its northeastern border meets Shimane Prefecture and Hiroshima Prefecture.

### Cities

There are 13 cities in Yamaguchi, including

### National Parks

National Parks are established in about 7% of the total land area of the prefecture.

## Shrines and Temples

_Tamanoya jinja_ and _Sumiyoshi jinja_ are the chief Shinto shrines (_ichinomiya_) in the prefecture.

## Notable people from Yamaguchi

- _This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it._
- Shinzo Abe
- Naoto Kan

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Yamaguchi Prefecture website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Yamaguchi
- **native name**: 山口県
- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **translit lang1**: Japanese
- **translit lang1 type**: Romaji
- **translit lang1 info**: Yamaguchi-ken
- **image flag**: Flag of Yamaguchi Prefecture.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Yamaguchi Prefecture.svg
- **seal type**: Symbol
- **image map**: Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_35_Yamaguchi_prefecture.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Yamaguchi in Japan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Chūgoku region, Chūgoku
- **subdivision type2**: Island
- **subdivision name2**: Honshū
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Tsugumasa Muraoka
- **area total km2**: 6,110.94
- **area rank**: 22<sup>nd</sup>
- **population as of**: May 1, 2011
- **population total**: 1,445,702
- **population rank**: 25<sup>th</sup>
- **population density km2**: auto
- **iso code**: JP-35
- **blank name sec1**: Prefectural flower
- **blank info sec1**: Natsumikan, Bitter summer mandarin blossom (_Citrus natsudaidai_)
- **blank1 name sec1**: Prefectural tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: Japanese Red Pine, Red pine tree (_Pinus densiflora_)
- **blank2 name sec1**: Prefectural bird
- **blank2 info sec1**: Hooded Crane _Grus monacha_
- **blank3 name sec1**: Prefectural bird
- **blank3 info sec1**: Tetraodontidae (_Takifugu rubripes_)
- **blank name sec2**: Number of districts
- **blank info sec2**: 4
- **blank1 name sec2**: Number of municipalities
- **blank1 info sec2**: 19
- **website**: [http://www.pref.yamaguchi.lg.jp/foreign/english/index.html  www.pref.yamaguchi.lg.jp/foreign/
english/]
Nocturnal enuresis

**Nocturnal enuresis**, also called **bedwetting**, is a health issue that is often caused by or the symptom of certain health troubles. It happens when a person involuntarily urinates while he or she is asleep. Sometimes people suffering from bedwetting use diapers. Usually this issue is common in newborns and  children.
Orion nebula

The **Orion Nebula**, or **Messier 42**, M42, or **NGC 1976**, is a diffuse nebula. It is visible to the naked eye in the night sky. It is exceptionally bright because it has O-type stars at its core. They are the hottest and brightest stars. The nebula is south of Orion's Belt in the constellation of Orion.

M42 is 1,344 ± 20 light years away from us. It is the closest region of massive star formation to Earth. Big as it is, the Orion Nebula is just part of an even larger star-forming area known as the Orion complex.

## Stellar nursery

The nebula is a huge stellar nursery. 700 stars are in the process of forming there. At its heart is a very young open cluster, known as the Trapezium because of the pattern formed by its main stars.

1993 observations with the Hubble Space Telescope showed protoplanetary disks inside the Orion Nebula. This is a major discovery. They are called _proplyds_ for short. There are more than 150 of these in the nebula. They are thought to be systems in the earliest stages of planetary system formation. The sheer numbers have been used as evidence that the formation of star systems is fairly common in the universe.

Stars form when clumps of hydrogen and other gases in an H II region contract under their own gravity. As the gas collapses, the central clump grows stronger and the gas heats to extreme temperatures by converting gravitational potential energy to thermal energy. If the temperature gets high enough, nuclear fusion will start, and form a protostar. The protostar is 'born' when it begins to emit enough energy to balance out its gravity and halt gravitational collapse.
Calgary Hitmen

The **Calgary Hitmen** are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1995. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Calgary, Alberta at the Scotiabank Saddledome. The teams name pays homage to the nickname of retired professional wrestler Bret Hart. Hart was also a founding member of the Hitmen along with NHL players Theoren Fleury and Joe Sakic. The team has won 2 Ed Chynoweth Cups.
Bulacan

**Bulacan** is a province in the Philippines. Its capital is Malolos City. It is in the northern island of Luzon. It is surrounded by the province of Pampanga in the west; Nueva Ecija in the north; Aurora and Quezon in the east; and Metro Manila in the south.

It is an historic place in the Philippines. Many Filipino heroes and political persons come from Bulacan. It was also the former seat of the national government.

## Geography

Bulacan is divided into 4 cities and 20 municipalities (towns) as of December 17, 2022:

### Major Highways

- North Luzon Expressway

### Adjacent provinces

- Nueva Ecija (north)
- Pampanga (west)
- Rizal (south)
- Metro Manila (southwest)
- Quezon (east)

### Cities

- Baliuag
- Malolos (capital city)
- Meycauayan
- San Jose del Monte

### Municipalities

- Angat
- Balagtas (1596-1966: Bigaa)
- Bocaue
- Bulakan
- Bustos
- Calumpit
- Dona Remedios Trinidad
- Guiguinto
- Hagonoy
- Marilao
- Norzagaray
- Obando
- Pandi
- Paombong
- Plaridel (1602-1938: Quingua)
- Pulilan
- San Ildefonso
- San Miguel
- San Rafael
- Santa Maria
Everett Silvertips

The **Everett Silvertips** are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2003. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Everett, Washington at the Comcast Arena at Everett. The team is named after the Silvertip bear. The team has won division titles in the 2003–04, 2005–06, 2006–2007 seasons, a conference title in the 2003-04 season and a regular season title in the 2006–0

## Other websites

- Official website
Edmonton Oil Kings

The **Edmonton Oil Kings** are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2007. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Edmonton, Alberta at the Rexall Place.

## Other websites

- Official website
Lethbridge Hurricanes

The **Lethbridge Hurricanes** are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1987. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Lethbridge, Alberta at the ENMAX Centre. The team was known as the _Winnipeg Jets_ from 1967–73, the _Winnipeg Clubs_ from 1973–76, the _Winnipeg Monarchs_ from 1976–77 and the _Calgary Wranglers_ from 1977–87. They have won 1 Ed Chynoweth Cup in the 1996-97 season.

## Other websites

- Official website
Chocolate Rain

"**Chocolate Rain**" is a song and music video by Tay Zonday. After being posted on YouTube on April 22, 2007, the song quickly became popular.

## Other websites

- Tay Zonday's Personal Website
CTV Television Network

**CTV Television Network** (commonly referred to as **CTV**) is a Canadian English-language television network.

## CTV stations

CTV has many TV stations around Canada. Some of them include:
- CFCN Calgary, Alberta
- CKCK Regina, Saskatchewan
- CKCW Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
- CJCH Halifax, Nova Scotia

## Slogans

- 1961-1966 This is CTV
- 1966-1967 The Colour Network
- 1967-1974 It's Happening on CTV
- 1968-1969 Pleasure Isle (TV promos only)
- 1974-1985 For Those Who Want It All
- 1985-1987 CTV Entertains You
- 1987-1988 You'll See it All on CTV
- 1988-1989 The Choice of Canadians
- 1989-1990 Watch Yourself on CTV
- 1990-1994 Tuned In To You
- 1994-1997 This Is CTV
- 1997-2005 Canadian Television
- 2003-2005 Canada's Watching (alternate slogan)
- 2005-2009 Canada's #1 Network

## CTV Two

Since the 2007 acquisition of A Channel by CTVglobemedia as part of the takeover of CHUM Limited, media analysts had speculated that CTV may potentially extend its market-leading CTV brand to that network. It was first rebranded as A in 2008, then as CTV Two on August 29, 2011.

## Infobox (broadcasting network)

- **network name**: CTV Television Network
- **network logo**:
- **country**: Canada
- **network type**: Terrestrial television, Broadcast television network
- **available**: Canada (via cable or antenna (radio), antenna)
- **owner**: BCE Inc., Bell Canada
<small>_(Bell Media, Bell Media Inc.)_</small>
- **key people**: <small>John Raisman, President, Programming and Sports
Rick Brace, President, Production
Wendy Freeman, President, CTV News, News
Mike Cosentino, Senior Vice-President, Programming</small>
- **launch date**: October 1, 1961 in television, 1961
- **founder**: Spence Caldwell
- **former names**: Canadian Television Network (CTN) – pre-launch name
- **slogan**: Naturally CTV
- **website**: [http://www.ctv.ca/ CTV]
- **servicename1**: Sister channels
- **service1**: CTV Two