Saint Barthélemy

**Saint-Barthélemy**, officially the **Collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy** (French: _Collectivité de Saint-Barthélemy_), is a new overseas collectivity of France. It was created on 22 February 2007. It consists of the island of Saint-Barthélemy and neighboring small islands.

The island of Saint-Barthélemy, also known as **Saint Barts**, **Saint Barths**, or **Saint Barth**, is in the Caribbean among the Leeward Islands. Its land area is 21.0 km² (8.1 sq. miles). Administratively, the whole island of Saint-Barthélemy was a French commune (_commune de Saint-Barthélemy_). It was part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas _région_ and overseas _département_ of France. For this reason, it is part of the European Union. In 2003, the people voted in favour of becoming independent from Guadeloupe. They wanted to form a separate overseas collectivity (COM) of France. On February 7, 2007  the  French Parliament passed a bill granting COM status to both Saint-Barthélemy and neighbouring Saint-Martin. The new status took effect on 22 February 2007, when the law was published in the Official Journal.

Saint-Barthélemy has long been considered a playground of the rich and famous and is known for its beautiful pristine beaches, gourmet dining in chic bistros and high-end designer shopping.

## Geography

Saint-Barthélemy is about 150 miles east of Puerto Rico. It is near the islands of Saint Martin, Saba and Anguilla.

Gustavia, which is the main town of the island, was named after King Gustav III of Sweden, and remains as a reflection of the Swedish period.

The oldest settlement still remaining is the village of Lorient (or L'Orient), although scattered in every cemetery on the island are Swedish grave markers.  Lorient's sister village on the French mainland is the city of Lorient on the northern coast of Brittany.

### Beaches

Of the 20 beaches on the small island, several are seen as especially inviting. On the southern side of the island, Saline and Governor beaches are pristine beaches with no development on them. On the western edge of the island is Colombier beach. This beach is only reachable by boat or a hike. St. Jean, Flammands and Grand-Cul-de-Sac beaches are also popular and attractive beaches which have hotels and other establishments on them. Shell Beach is popular for families with kids as it has little surf, and lots of tide pools.

St. Barths has a tidal difference of only 3 - 5 inches.  The beaches vary according to ocean currents—the weather travels onto the island following the sun from the East.  One of the main surfing beaches (Toiny) is known for its riptide, while Grand Fond is one of the island's only non-swimming beaches.  Although tourism does not allude to it, there are a small variety of warm water sharks in the Caribbean.  So, swimming at dusk and dawn or in murky waters is not recommended.  Otherwise, scuba and snorkeling are a great way to see the nurse sharks, lobsters, conch and green sea turtles that abound in the waters surrounding St. Barths.

The beach of Grand Cul-de-Sac is the easiest beach in the Caribbean to learn to sail, windsurf or kitesurf on, as it has a reef which closes off the entire bay.  The current that passes outside the reef here also carries the migrating whales and dolphins.

## History

Saint-Barthélemy was first claimed by France in 1648. It was sold to Sweden in 1784. Sweden sold it back to France in 1878. The Swedish period left its mark in the names of many of the streets and the town (in honor of King Gustav III). It also left its national arms, the three crowns along with the grey heron, in the island's coat of arms.

## Demographics

At the 1999 census, Saint-Barthélemy had 6,852 people. There were 326 people per square kilometer. Unlike most Caribbean islands, most of the people are Caucasians (white).

Many of the people who live there all the time are French citizens who work at the various establishments on the island. French is the primary language spoken, but many locals also speak English, particularly at the hotels and restaurants.

|1766|1785|1812|1885|1961|1967|1974|1982|1990|1999|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|327|950|5,482|2,600|2,176|2,351|2,491|3,059|5,038|6,852|
|colspan="10" style="text-align:center;"|<small>Official figures from French and Swedish censuses.</small>|||||||||

## Transportation

Saint-Barthélemy has a small airport (IATA identifier **SBH**) is served by small regional commercial aircraft and charters. Most visiting aircraft carry fewer than twenty passengers, such as the Twin Otter, a common sight around Saint Barths and throughout the northern West Indies. The short airstrip is at the base of a steep hill ending directly on the beach.  The arrival descent is extremely steep over the hilltop traffic circle and departing planes fly right over the heads of sunbathers (although small signs advise sunbathers not to lie directly at the end of the runway). The nearest commercial jet airport is on the neighboring island of Saint Martin.

There are also charters to St. Barths from San Juan, Puerto Rico available through Tradewind Aviation.  The current mayor's airline, called St. Barths Commuter, offers non-prohibitive cost one-way/roundtrip travel between both of St. Maarten's airports and St. Barths.  It is also an excellent service for charters.  A favorite island business for an extra fee is via St. Barths Services, as they offer full-service attention.

Ferries to and from Saint Martin are the only other real option (although the passage from St. Maarten to St. Barths is often rough), unless one is arriving by private charter boats/yachts.

## Tourism

Saint-Barthélemy has about 25 hotels, most of then with 15 rooms or fewer, and the largest, the Guanahani has just 70 rooms. Hotels are classified in the traditional French manner 3 Star, 4 Star and 4 Star Luxe.

Villa vacations are extremely popular and there are hundreds of villas terraced into the hillsides throughout the island as well has many beachfront locations. Villas here by definition can range from one-bedroom bunglalows to large luxurious homes. Saint-Barthélemy Properties http://www.stbarth.com and Wimco http://www.wimco.com are the two main villa rental agencies on the island.

Singer Jimmy Buffett is a frequent visitor on the island, and owns a house there. He also owned a hotel, the Author de Rocher, before it burned down.

## Sports

Saint-Barthélemy has its own bobsled team. To date the team has not achieved competitive success. The island also competes in carotchie.

## Related pages

- Guadeloupe, French island in the Caribbean
- Martinique, French island in the Caribbean
- Saint Martin, French island in the Caribbean

## Other websites

- The Insiders' Guide to St. Barthélemy
- Saint Barths Online
- Official Flag
- Radio St Barth
- Map of Saint-Barthélemy

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy
- **common name**: Saint Barthélemy
- **image flag**: Flag of Saint Barthélemy (local).svg
- **image coat**: Blason St Barthélémy TOM entire.svg
- **symbol width**: 125px
- **image map**: Saint Barthelemy in France.svg
- **map width**: 240px
- **map caption**: Location of Saint Barthélemy (circled) in the Leeward Islands relative to France (white, top right corner).
- **image map2**: Saint Barthelemy-CIA WFB Map.png
- **map2 width**: 240px
- **national anthem**: _La Marseillaise_
- **official languages**: French language, French
- **languages type**: Local languages
- **demonym**: Barthélemois(es)
- **capital**: Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy, Gustavia
- **largest city**: Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy, Gustavia
- **government type**: Dependent territory
- **leader title1**: President of France
- **leader name1**: Emmanuel Macron
- **leader title2**: Prefect (France), Prefect
- **leader name2**: Sylvie Daniélo-Feucher
- **leader title3**: President of the Territorial Council
- **leader name3**: Bruno Magras
- **leader title4**: Deputy
- **leader name4**: Daniel Gibbs
- **leader title5**: Senator
- **leader name5**: Michel Magras
- **sovereignty type**: Overseas collectivity
- **established event1**: French colony
- **established date1**: 1648
- **established event2**: Exchanged with Sweden
- **established date2**: 1 July 1784
- **established event3**: Sold back to France
- **established date3**: 16 March 1878
- **established event4**: Overseas collectivity
- **established date4**: 22 February 2007
- **area km2**: 22.1
- **area sq mi**: 8.5
- **percent water**: negligible
- **population census**: 8,902
- **population census year**: 2009
- **population density km2**: 402
- **population density sq mi**: 1042
- **population density rank**: 26th
- **currency**: Euro (€)
- **currency code**: EUR
- **time zone**: Atlantic Standard Time, AST
- **utc offset**: -4
- **calling code**: +590<sup>c</sup>
- **footnote a**: French East Asians.
- **footnote b**: Assigned, but not in use.
- **footnote c**: Shared with Guadeloupe and Saint Martin.