juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Death and funeral of Lech Kaczyński and Maria Kaczyńska

Lech Kaczyński, the fourth President of the Republic of Poland, died on 10 April 2010. He died in a plane crash outside of Smolensk, Russia. The plane was a Tu-154 belonging to the Polish Air Force. The crash killed all 96 on board. His wife, Maria Kaczyńska, was also among those killed.

The speaker of parliament, Bronisław Komorowski, soon became Acting President by law.

After the death of Kaczyński was announced, Komorowski declared a week of mourning. It went from 11 to 18 April. A state funeral for Lech and Maria was held on the last day. Several countries observed a day of national mourning on the day of the funeral. Afterwards, the couple were buried together in a crypt in the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków.

President of the United States Barack Obama cancelled his plans. He made a public statement. He spoke of his sadness and blamed the volcanic ash that was disrupting air travel over Europe at the time.
André Gide

**André Paul Guillaume Gide** (22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French writer. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1947.

Gide was born in Paris into a middle class Protestant family. During a trip to Alegeria, Gide realized that he was gay. His first novel _The Notebooks of Andre Walter_ was published in 1891. Gide met Oscar Wilde in 1894. In October 1895 Gide married his cousin Madeleine. When Gide was 47 15-year-old Marc Allégret became his lover.

Gide also opposed colonialism and exploitation of slavery in Africa and was interested in communism and visited Soviet Union, but he expressed critical idea on the totalitarian regime.
Death and funeral of Hugo Chávez

Hugo Chávez, the President of Venezuela, died on 5 March 2013. He was 58 years old. Because of his death, the Venezuelan constitution required an election for a new president to be held within 30 days. Vice President Nicolás Maduro became temporary president. On 14 April, and he was officially elected.

Chávez' funeral was held on 8 March. Maduro originally said that Chávez' body would be embalmed and permanently displayed in a glass coffin at a military museum. However, on 13 March Maduro announced that this would not happen. This was because the government could not get prepared in the short time that had passed. Maduro extended the National Mourning for four days more, to eleven days. By the end of this, Chávez' body was moved to the Museum of the Revolution at Fort Montana. This had been where Chávez had tried to overthrow the government in 1992.

Chávez's body was never embalmed. He was buried at a cemetery in Venezuela.
Battle of Pea Ridge

The **Battle of Pea Ridge** was a battle which happened during the American Civil War. It was fought on March 7th and 8th, 1862 in Arkansas. The Confederates lost the battle.
Battle of Bentonville

The **Battle of Bentonville** was a battle which happened during the American Civil War. It was fought from March 19th to March 21st, 1865 in North Carolina. It was one of the last battles of the war. The Confederates lost the battle.
Reykjavík Summit

The **Reykjavík Summit** was a meeting between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev.

It was held in Höfði in Reykjavík, the capital city of Iceland, on October 11–12, 1986. This was during the Cold War. The talks focused on peace between the United States and the Soviet Union.

The talks failed near the end of the meeting. However, the progress that had been made eventually led to the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty between the two countries.
Mr. Lordi

**Mr. Lordi** (born 15 February 1974) is a Finnish musician, painter and graphic designer. He is the singer and songwriter for the hard rock band Lordi. He also makes all the costumes for the band. His real name is **Tomi Petteri Putaansuu**.

Putaansuu was born in Rovaniemi, Finland. He studied filmmaking in Tornio. While there, he created Lordi's first music video, "Inferno". He formed the band Lordi in 1992. All publicity photographs of Mr. Lordi have his face hidden behind his mask and stage makeup. He does not talk about his private life or his real name for the media.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mr. Lordi
- **img**: Lordi, 3-Majówka 2023 19.jpg
- **img capt**: Mr. Lordi in 2023
- **img size**: 150px
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Tomi Petteri Putaansuu
- **alias**: Hulk from Hell
Biomechanic Man
- **birth date**: February 15, 1974
- **birth place**: Finland
- **instrument**: vocals, Bass guitar, bass, guitar
- **genre**: hard rock, Heavy Metal
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter, painter, make-up artist, special effects make-up artist, actor, comics artist, graphic designer
- **years active**: 1987 - present
- **associated acts**: Lordi, Wanda Whips Wall Street, Double Beat Und Bodys, Aliens, Holy Shit, Metalox
Anti-balaka

**Anti-balaka** is a name for a group of Christian militias in the Central African Republic. They are the main militias fighting the Seleka rebels. Anti-balaka means "anti- machete" or "anti-sword" in the local Sango and Mandja languages.

In September 2021, Eugène Ngaïkosset, anti-balaka leader and former member of President François Bozizé's close guard, was arrested. Eugène Ngaïkosset is accused of numerous crimes in the CAR.
Bruce Dern

**Bruce MacLeish Dern** (born June 4, 1936) is an American actor. He was nominated for two Academy Awards, including Best Supporting Actor for _Coming Home_ and Best Actor for _Nebraska_.

## Other websites

- Bruce Dern at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection
- Cinema Retro's Evening with Bruce Dern at The Players, New York City

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Bruce Dern Cannes 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Dern at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival.
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1960–present
- **spouse**: Marie Dean (divorced)
Diane Ladd
(m. 1960–1969; divorced)
Andrea Bakken (m. 1969–present)
- **children**: Laura Dern, Laura, Diane
June Squibb

**June Louise Squibb** (born November 6, 1929) is an American actress. She has played supporting roles in movies like _Alice_, _Scent of a Woman_, _The Age of Innocence_, _In & Out_, and _Far from Heaven_. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for _Nebraska_ in 2013.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: June Squibb
- **image**: June Squibb at Art Directors Guild 18th Award Show (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Squibb in 2014
- **birth name**: June Louise Squibb
- **birth place**: Vandalia, Illinois, U.S.
- **yearsactive**: 1958–present
- **occupation**: Actress
- **spouse**: Edward Sostek (divorced)
 Charles Kakatsakis (?-1999; his death; 1 child)
Rich Whitney

**Rich Whitney** (born April 21, 1955) is an American politician and civil rights attorney. He was the Illinois Green Party's nominee for Governor of Illinois in the elections of 2006 and 2010.

## Other websites

- Whitney for Governor (Official Website)
- Rich Whitney for Governor on MySpace
- A look at Rich Whitney, Green Party candidate for governor
- "Don't Fear the Spoiler: Why it's (probably) safe to vote Green for governor"  (Chicago Reader, Oct. 2006)

## Infobox (governor)

- **name**: Rich Whitney
- **image**: RichWhitney2.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **birth place**: Bridgeport, Connecticut
- **party**: Illinois Green Party
- **profession**: Lawyer
- **children**: Amanda, Jessica, Ben
- **alma mater**: Michigan State University
Southern Illinois University
- **residence**: Carbondale, Illinois
Mona Lisa (actress)

**Gloria Lerma Yatco** (June 22, 1922 – August 25, 2019), better known as **Mona Lisa**, was a Filipino movie actress. She was one of the most popular Filipino actresses of the 1940s. She resumed her movie career in the 1970s retiring for 20 years and remained in her 80s.

Her best known roles were _Insiang_, _Giliw Ko_, and _Cain at Abel_.

Lisa died on August 25, 2019 at her home in Manila from Alzheimer's disease-related problems at the age of 97.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mona Lisa
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Mona Lisa as appeared in Philippine Daily Inquirer
- **birth name**: Gloria Lerma Yatco
- **birth place**: Manila, Philippines
- **death place**: Manila, Philippines
- **occupation**: Actress
- **othername**: Fleur de Lis, Gloria Guinto
- **yearsactive**: 1938–2005
- **awards**: **FAMAS award, FAMAS Best Supporting Actress**
 1975 _Insiang_
 **Gawad Urian Awards, Gawad Urian**
 1999 _Lifetime Achievement Award_
Janakkala

**Janakkala** is a municipality in Finland. 16,881 people lived there in 2013. Population centers: Turenki, Tervakoski, Leppäkoski and a village called Tarinmaa.

Neighbour municipalities, in south: Hausjärvi, Loppi and Riihimäki. Hämeenlinna is on the north.

It was founded in 1866.

## Coat of arms

Janakkalas coat of arms has been designed by Onni Oja in 1950.

## Villages

26 villages:

## Known people

- Tuomas Kyrö, writer
- Ida Aalberg, actor
- Olavi Borg, professor
- Laiska Leppone, rap-musician
- Reko Lundán, writer
- Timo Mäenpää, musician
- Kustaa Paturi, poetry and agonist
- A. P. Sarjanto, songwriter

## Other websites

- The official Janakkala page
Iberian Union

The **Iberian Union** was a state that governed the Iberian peninsula between 1580 and 1640. After the young king of Portugal and his uncle died, three of their relatives fought the War of the Portuguese Succession. Philip II of Spain won, thus linking the monarchies of Portugal and the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg. This dynastic union joined the crowns of Castile, Portugal and Aragon along with their respective colonial possessions, under the rule of the Hispanic monarchy. The institutions, government and legal traditions of each kingdom remained independent of each other; they merely had the same king of Habsburg Spain.  The alien laws (Leyes de extranjeria) determined that the national of one kingdom was a foreigner in all the other Iberian kingdoms.  The term _Iberian union_  was not used at the time, it is a creation of modern historians.

The monarchs had long wanted to unify the peninsula: They had the  visigothic monarchy in mind. Sancho III of Navarre and Alfonso VII of León and Castile both took the title _Imperator totius Hispaniae_, meaning "Emperor of All Hispania" centuries before.  If  Miguel da Paz (1498–1500), Prince of Portugal and Asturias had become king, the union could have been achieved earlier.  However, he died early in his childhood.

The history of Portugal from the dynastic crisis in 1578 to the first House of Braganza monarchs was a period of transition. The Portuguese Empire's spice trade was peaking at the start of this period.  Vasco da Gama had finally reached the East by sailing around Africa in 1497–98, completing the exploratory efforts started by Henry the Navigator.  This opened an oceanic route for the profitable spice trade into Europe that bypassed the Middle East.

Throughout the 17th century, the increasing predations and surrounding of Portuguese trading posts in the East by the Dutch, English and French, and their rapidly growing intrusion into the Atlantic slave trade, undermined Portugal's near monopoly on the lucrative oceanic spice and slave trade<nowiki/>s. This sent the Portuguese spice trade into a long decline. To a lesser extent the diversion of wealth from Portugal by the Habsburg monarchy to help support the Catholic side of the Thirty Years' War, also created strains within the union, although Portugal did benefit from Spanish military power in helping to retain Brazil and in disrupting Dutch trade. These events, and those that occurred at the end of Aviz dynasty and the period of Iberian Union, led Portugal to a state of dependency on its colonies, first India and then Brazil.
Roberta Cowell

**Roberta Elizabeth Marshall Cowell** (8 April 1918 – 11 October 2011) was a British racing driver and World War II fighter pilot. She was born in Croydon, Surrey. She was also the first known British transsexual woman to undergo sex reassignment surgery.

She died on 11 October 2011 in Hampton, London. Her funeral was attended by only six people and (on her instructions) was unpublicised - her death was not publicly reported until two years later, when a profile of her was printed in _The Independent_ newspaper in October 2013.
Cyclomatic complexity

**Cyclomatic complexity** is a measurement to see how difficult a computer program is to understand. The measurement was developed by Thomas J. McCabe, Sr. in 1976. It looks at the program's source code and measures the number of independent paths through the source code. The concept is similar to the general text complexity, which is measured by the Flesch-Kincaid Readability Test.

Cyclomatic complexity is computed using the control flow graph of the program: the nodes of the graph correspond to indivisible groups of commands of a program, and a directed edge connects two nodes if the second command might be executed immediately after the first command. Cyclomatic complexity may also be applied to individual functions, modules, methods or classes within a program.

One testing strategy, called Basis path testing by McCabe who first proposed it, is to test each linearly independent path through the program; in this case, the number of test cases will equal the cyclomatic complexity of the program.
April Ashley

**April Ashley**, MBE (born; 29 April 1935 – 27 December 2021) was an English model and restaurant hostess. She was one the first British people to be outed as a transsexual, this was done by the _Sunday People_ in 1961.

She was also known as one of the first British people to undergo sex reassignment surgery, after racing driver and World War II fighter pilot Roberta Cowell, and the ninth in the world to have the surgery.

Ashley died on 27 December 2021 in London, at the age of 86.

## Out-of-wiki websites

- April Ashley's Odyssey  The text and pictures from her 1982 book
- April Ashley Photo Gallery Tribute
- How Prescott made a woman out of me - Daily Mail profile, 3 June 2006
- April Ashley Documentary

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: April Ashley
- **birth name**: George Jamieson
- **birth place**: Liverpool, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **nationality**: British
- **image**: An_Evening_With_April_Ashley_at_the_Southbank_Centre4.jpg
Jane Kean

**Jane Kean** (April 10, 1923 – November 26, 2013) was an American actress, writer, and singer. Her most famous roles were as Trixie Norton on _The Honeymooners_ with Jackie Gleason, and as the voice of Belle in _Mister Magoo's Christmas Carol_.

Kean died on November 26, 2013 at age 90, at Providence St. Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California of complications from a fall.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Jane Kean 1973.JPG
- **caption**: Kean in 1973
- **birth place**: Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.
- **death place**: Burbank, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, singer, writer
- **years active**: 1941–2013
Tom Laughlin

**Thomas Robert "Tom" Laughlin** (August 10, 1931 – December 12, 2013) was an American actor, director, screenwriter, author, educator and political activist. He was known for his role as Billy Jack on the television series _Billy Jack_. He ran for President of the United States in 1992, 2004, and 2008 for the Democratic Party.

Laughlin died of complications from pneumonia on December 12, 2013 at Los Robles Hospital and Medical Center in Thousand Oaks, California.

## Other websites

- Official _Billy Jack_ website, including information on Tom Laughlin's political aspirations

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tom Laughlin
- **image**: Tom Laughlin 1978.jpg
- **caption**: Laughlin in 1978
- **birth name**: Thomas Robert Laughlin
- **birth place**: Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.
- **death place**: Thousand Oaks, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter, political activist, educator
- **years active**: 1955–2010
- **spouse**: (his death); 3 children
Riihimäki

**Riihimäki** is a town in Finland. It locates 70 km from Helsinki to north. As of 31 August 2013, almost 30,000 people lived there. Nearby municipalities include Janakkala, Hausjärvi, Hyvinkää, and Loppi.

## History

Riihimäki's population center grew around railwaystation. Riihimäki railway station is one of the 1862 opened Helsinki-Hämeenlinna railways stations. Story tolds that this not dense populated area was simply named by the kiln what was upon a hill.

## Other websites

- Community website
Nguyen Van Troi

**Nguyen Van Troi** (1947–1964) was a Vietnamese assassin. He was arrested and sentenced to death because he tried to kill United States Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara while he was visiting South Vietnam. He was glorified as a national hero.

Nowadays, many streets in Vietnam are named after him.
Internet café

An **Internet café** (also called a **Cybercafé**) is a type of café. It is a business that provides Internet access to the public, usually for a fee. It also sells coffee and food. Internet cafés were introduced in the 1990s. The spread of modern-style cafés to many places, urban and rural, went hand in hand with computers. Many Internet cafés offer wireless Internet or have computers customers can use. They also offer telephones and newspapers. Internet café users need to be aware they have less security than most private networks. They are also more exposed to malicious software, also called 'malware'.
Black Point

**Jonás Joaquín Ortiz Alberto** (born in 1989), is better known by his stage name **Black Point** (sometimes **El Negro** or **Black Jonas Point**). He is a Dominican rapper, songwriter and producer. Ortiz, along with Del Patio and Pitbull, wrote and performed the song "Watagatapitusberry". This song reached number 30 in the US Billboard Latin Songs chart and number 13 in the US Billboard Tropical Songs chart.

## Biography

Black Point was born in Santo Domingo, in the Dominican Republic. He was only 8 when he started to get interested in hip hop music and start writing rap songs. His manager, Big W One, was the person that produced and record his debut song of rap on the 2000. On 2008 Black Point arrives to the Dominican Republic's radio stations gaining so much fame with themes like _"Mi mujer no era mala"_, _"Amigo"_ and the famous collaboration of hip hop Dominican culture, _"Capea El Dough: All Stars"_.

### Singles

|**Title**|**Year**|
| --- | --- |
|_Tu Siempre Dices_|2008|
|_Mi Mujer No Era Mala_|2008|
|_Te Lo Agradezco_|2008|
|_Fumao Y Loco_|2009|
|_Dominicano Soy_|2009|
|_Flore' Para Los Muertos_|2009|
|_Yo Soy Tu Hombre_ feat. L.R. "La Fucking Ley and T.y.S & Alex B|2009|
|_Capea El Doug All Star_ all stars|2009|
|_Tengo Dinero_|2009|
|_Corremo' el Bloque_ Ft Ñengo Flow|2010|
|_Mi Coro_|2010|
|_Pla, Pla, Pla_|2010|
|_Cuídate_|2010|
|_Obsesión_|2010|
|_Juicio Final_|2010|
|_Topalo y Siéntelo Y Escupelo_|2010|
|_Chuponsito_|2010|
|_Watagatapitusberry_|2010|
|_ Que Buena Tu Ta_' Ft Fuego and all stars|2010|
|_Cuídate Del Jolopero_|2010|
|_Hooky Party_ feat. Sensato Del Patio|2010|
|_Tikita Tikita Tikita_|2010|
|_Problema Y Mujeres_|2010|
|_El Capo_|2011|
|_Disparate_|2011|
|_El Calentón_|2011|
|_Todo Acabó, Tiro por la Culata_|2011|
|_Me Quiere O No Me Quiere?_|2011|
|_Yo Tengo Sed_|2011|
|_Escucho Voces_|2011|
|_Te Deculate_'|2011|
|_Ustedes No Son De Na_|2011|
|_Ando buscándote_ ft Teno el Melodico|2012|
|_Vejigazo_|2012|
|_Me Kitpreee_|2012|
|_Lo Que Quieras_|2012|
|_Solo grita_|2012|
|_Señor yo te doy gracias_|2012|
|_Seguimos Juntos_ Ft Nico|2012|
|_Sexy_|2013|
|Cromo X - _Te Quiero Amar (Remix)_|2013|
|_Déjame Entrar_ Ft Randy, De La Ghetto and Secreto El Biberon|2013|
|_Te Enseñe A Querer_|2013|
|_La Para de tu Coro_ Ft Daddy Yankee, Cromo X, Jacool, Mozart La Para & Secreto El Biberon|2013|
|_Se Valiente_|2013|
|_Carro En Movimiento_|2013|
|_Tu Si Pelea_|2013|
|_Prendi_|2014|
|_Tu Sabe Que No_|2014|

## Other websites

- Black Point discography at MusicBrainz
X-DuckX

***X-DuckX*** is an animated children's television series. The program was directed by François Reczulski in 2001. It was made by Alphanim, France 3, YTV, Super Écran and Tooncan Productions, Inc.. The series has 78 episodes.

The series tells the story of two wacky and dangerous ducks, Slax and Geextah. They are fans of extreme sports . In France, the series was first broadcast on France 3 in 2002 before being broadcast on Jetix (formerly Fox Kids) from 2004 to 2006. In Canada, _X-DuckX_ was broadcast on Super Écran and YTV.
Michael Jackson (writer)

**Michael Jackson** (March 27, 1942 – August 30, 2007) nicknamed "Beer Hunter" was a famous British writer. He was known for being an expert about beer.

It was revealed in December 2006 that Michael Jackson "is and has been suffering for at least a decade from Parkinson's Disease." He also suffered from diabetes. Michael Jackson died of a heart attack in his home the morning of 30 August 2007 at the age of 65 in London.

## Other websites

- Obituary, _The Independent_, 3 September 2007
- Obituary, _The Times_, 5 September 2007
- 'Lives Remembered' The Times
- Remembering Michael Jackson, The Brewers Association
- Michael Jackson's Life and Death, _All about Beer_
- 'Michael Jackson's Rare Beer Club'
Deterrence (legal)

In law, the term **deterrence** is used to describe the situation where punishment or threat is used to keep people from committing a crime. Both the person who committed a crime, as well as other people should be kept from committing that kind of crime.

## Related pages

- Criminal law
Magnesium sulfate

**Magnesium sulfate** is a chemical compound that contains magnesium, sulfur and oxygen. Its formula is MgSO<sub>4</sub>.

Magnesium sulfate is used as a brewing salt in beer.

## Properties

Magnesium sulfate is soluble in water.

## References

- http://www.rxmed.com/b.main/b2.pharmaceutical/b2.1.monographs/CPS-%20Monographs/CPS-%20(General%20Monographs-%20M)/MAGNESIUM%20SULFATE.html
- http://www.webmd.com/baby/magnesium-sulfate-for-preterm-labor
- http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm354603.htm
The War of the Worlds

***The War of the Worlds*** is a 1898 science fiction book by H. G. Wells. It is about Martians attacking Earth. It has inspired movies including _War of the Worlds_ (2005 movie).

A 1938 radio broadcast version by Orson Welles frightened many people, who thought it was real even though a warning at the start said it was fiction.

## Plot

The book is set in Britain at the turn of the 19th century and is told by a first-person narrator. The Martians are jealous of Earth’s more livable environment and launch themselves to Earth in capsules fired from cannons. They easily defeat the human military with their giant war machines, aircraft, poison gas, and heat rays. The narrator travels through the now ruined Britain and encounters invasive alien plants, Martian robots, and the Martians themselves-- who are strange slug-like beings with tentacles who feed on human blood. Eventually, the Martian invasion is stopped when the Martians become infected by Earth germs that they have no immunity to and die.
Bert Williams

**Bert Frederick Williams** MBE (31 January 1920 – 19 January 2014) was an English international football goalkeeper. Nicknamed **"The Cat"**, he spent the majority of his playing career at Wolverhampton Wanderers where he won the League Championship and FA Cup. At the time of his death Williams was the oldest living England international.

## Other websites

- England Profile

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Bert Williams
- **image**: Retrato basado en el futbolista inglés Bert Williams.JPG
- **fullname**: Bert Frederick Williams MBE
- **birth place**: Bradley, West Midlands, Bradley, Staffordshire, England
- **death place**: Wolverhampton, West Midlands (county), West Midlands
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthclubs1**: Bilston
- **youthclubs2**: Thompson's FC
- **years1**: 1937–1945
- **clubs1**: Walsall F.C., Walsall
- **caps1**: 25
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1945–1959
- **clubs2**: Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C., Wolverhampton Wanderers
- **caps2**: 381
- **goals2**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1949
- **nationalteam1**: England B national football team, England B
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 1949–1955
- **nationalteam2**: England national football team, England
- **nationalcaps2**: 30
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
Aletia

***Aletia*** is a genus of moths. It is part of the Noctuidae family.

## Species

- _A. argentaria_ <small>(Howes, 1945)</small>
- _A. cucullina_ <small>Guenee</small>
- _A. cuneata_ <small>(Philpott, 1916)</small>
- _A. cyanopetra_ <small>(Meyrick, 1927)</small>
- _A. dentata_ <small>(Philpott, 1923)</small>
- _A. empyrea_ <small>(Hudson, 1918)</small>
- _A. falsidica_ <small>(Meyrick, 1911)</small>
- _A. falsidica hamiltoni_ <small>(Hampson, 1913)</small>
- _A. fibriata_ <small>(Meyrick, 1913)</small>
- _A. inconstans_ <small>(Butler, 1880)</small>
- _A. lacustris_ <small>(Meyrick, 1934)</small>
- _A. mitis_ <small>(Butler, 1877)</small>
- _A. moderata_ <small>(Walker, 1865)</small>
- _A. obsecrata_ <small>(Meyrick, 1914)</small>
- _A. panda_ <small>(Philpott, 1920)</small>
- _A. probenota_ <small>(Howes, 1945)</small>
- _A. sistens_ <small>(Guenée, 1868)</small>
- _A. sollennis_ <small>(Meyrick, 1914)</small>
- _A. temperata_ <small>(Walker, 1858)</small>
- _A. virescens_ <small>(Butler, 1879)</small>

## Other websites

- Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Lamborghini Aventador

The **Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4** is a supercar made by Lamborghini. It replaced the Lamborghini Murciélago. The name Aventador comes from a fighting bull. The Aventador is also the base of the Lamborghini Veneno, a limited production hypercar.

## Overview

As with the Murciélago model, the Maternal company Audi used the bullfight concept. In the advertising materials of Lamborghini, it was said that Aventador is a bull who became famous after one of the most bloody battles in Zaragoza, for which he received a "_Trofeo de la Peña La Madroñera"_ which was prestigious award for courage in the arena. _LP 700-4_ means technical equipment of the car, where 700 is power in hp, and 4 is a full drive.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Lamborghini Aventador
- **image**: Aventador. (6675860749).jpg
- **caption**: Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4.
- **manufacturer**: Lamborghini
- **assembly**: Italy: Sant'Agata Bolognese
- **class**: Sports car (S-segment, S)
- **layout**: Mid-engine, four-wheel drive layout, Mid-engine, all-wheel drive
- **engine**: 6.5-litre Lamborghini V12#Second Generation, _L539_ V12 engine, V12
- **transmission**: 7-speed _ISR_ Electrohydraulic manual transmission, electrohydraulic manual
- **width**: (with mirrors: )
- **predecessor**: Lamborghini Murciélago
- **doors**: Scissor doors, Scissor
Audi R8

The **Audi R8** is a V10 sports car produced by the German company Audi, for the first time introduced in 2006 at the Paris Motor Show.

## Overview

Model R8, as well as a number of other Audi auto models, is manufactured at the Quattro GmbH plant which is a subsidiary of the German company for the production of Audi AG cars, which is part of the Volkswagen AG concern. The enterprise is based in Neckculum, near Stuttgart.

The design of the car was developed by the Italian automobile designer Valter de Valva and his design team.

Audi R8 is available to have two people inside.

The new Audi R8 of the second generation was shown on March 3, 2015 at the Geneva Motor Show.

In 2020, the Audi R8 received an updated engine line.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **image**: R8 Coupe V10 performance-1.jpg
- **caption**: Audi R8 V10 Performance (Type 4S)
- **manufacturer**: Audi (Audi Sport GmbH)
- **production**: 2006–present
- **class**: Sports car (S-segment, S)
- **body style**: 2-door coupé
2-door convertible (spyder)
- **layout**: Longitudinal engine, Longitudinal Mid-engine design, mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive / all-wheel-drive
- **sp**: uk
Azaria Alon

**Azaria Alon** (November 15, 1918 – January 19, 2014) was an Israeli environmentalist. He was the co-founder of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (SPNI).

Alon received an Israel Prize for lifetime achievement in 2012. He had previously been cited for the Israel Prize when the SPNI won it in 1980.

Alon died on January 19, 2014 from natural causes, aged 95.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Azaria Alon
- **image**: Azaria Alon.jpg
- **caption**: Azaria Alon in 2009
- **birth place**: Ukraine
- **death date**: (aged 95)
- **death place**: Beit HaShita, Israel
- **occupation**: Conservationist,
Environmentalist
- **spouse**: Ruth Alon
- **children**: 4
- **nationality**: Israeli
Yakuza

, known also as , are members of transnational organized crime syndicates in Japan.

Yakuza call themselves ninkyō dantai (chivalrous organizations), while the Japanese media and police call them bōryokudan (violence group). They are the world's largest criminal organization and have about 103,000 members. The three biggest Yakuza families are Yamaguchi-gumi, Sumiyoshi-kai, and Inagawa-kai. During the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, they opened their offices to help refugees and sent dozens of trucks with supplies to affected areas.

## Other websites

- The secret lives of Yakuza women-BBC Reel<small>(Video)</small>
- 101 East – Battling the Yakuza—Al Jazeera <small>(Video)</small>
- FBI What We Investigate - Asian Transnational Organized Crime Groups
- Yakuza Portal site
- Blood ties: Yakuza daughter lifts lid on hidden hell of gangsters' families
- Crime Library: Yakuza
- Yakuza distribution map
- Japanese Mayor Shot Dead; CBS News, 17 April 2007
- Yakuza: The Japanese Mafia
- Yakuza distribution map
- Yakuza: Kind-hearted criminals or monsters in suits?

## Infobox (criminal organization)

- **name**: _Yakuza_
- **image**: Marukin_at_Sanja_Matsuri_3.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: _Yakuza_ members displaying their status at Sanja Matsuri
- **founded**: 17th century
(presumed to have originated from the _Kabukimono_)
- **membership**: members
- **activities**: Varied, including illegitimate businesses
- **notable members**: Principal clans:
# Aizukotetsu-kai
Christopher Chataway

**Sir Christopher John Chataway**, PC (31 January 1931 – 19 January 2014) was a British middle- and long-distance runner, television news broadcaster, and Conservative politician. His stepson is the Conservative MP Charles Walker and his brother-in-law the former Conservative MP Peter Hordern.

He suffered from cancer for the last two and a half years of his life. He died aged 82 at St John's Hospice in north west London.

## Other websites

- Sunday Times article 13 December 2009
Ancel Keys

**Ancel Benjamin Keys** (January 26, 1904 – November 20, 2004) was an American scientist. He is known for his research on human nutrition. On January 13, 1961, Keys was featured on the cover of the _Time_ magazine.

## Controversies

Keys cherrypicked data in order to make it seem like saturated fats were the reason why heart disease was increasing. He criticized some work against sugars. When fellow scientist John Yudkin said that sugar plays a major role in heart disease, Keys wrote:

> It is clear that Yudkin has no theoretical basis or experimental evidence to support his claim for a major influence of dietary sucrose in the [cause] of CHD; his claim that men who have CHD are excessive sugar eaters is nowhere confirmed but is disproved by many studies superior in methodology and/or magnitude to his own; and his  "evidence" from population statistics and time trends will not bear up under the most elementary critical examination. But the propaganda keeps on reverberating ...

Multiple studies have proved Keys wrong.

## Death

Keys died at 100 years old on November 20, 2004.
Steven Fromholz

**Steven Fromholz** (June 8, 1945 – January 19, 2014) was an American entertainer, poet, singer and songwriter. He was the Poet Laureate of Texas in 2007.

Fromholz was born in Temple, Texas on June 8, 1945. Fromholz began performing while he was serving in the United States Navy during the 1960s. After leaving the Navy, he teamed with Dan McCrimmon to create the group Frummox.

Fromholz died on January 19, 2014 in a hunting accident when a rifle fell and discharged in El Dorado, Houston, Texas. He was 68 years old.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Steven Fromholz
- **image**: Steven fromholz 2007.jpg
- **caption**: Steven Fromholz at the 2007 Texas Book Festival.
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Steven Fromholz
- **birth place**: Temple, Texas, Temple, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: El Dorado, Houston, El Dorado, Texas, U.S.
- **genre**: Texas country music, Texas country, outlaw country
- **associated acts**: Stephen Stills, Rick Roberts (musician), Rick Roberts, Lyle Lovett, Willie Nelson
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, poet
- **years active**: 1960–2013
General Mills

**General Mills Inc.** is an American corporation, focused on food products. The company's headquarters are in Golden Valley, Minnesota. It markets many well-known North American brands. Its most well-known products are cereals, such as Cheerios, Trix, and Lucky Charms. The company makes more than 100 of the leading U.S. brands.
Division of Wentworth

The **Division of Wentworth** is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was one of the 75 divisions set up in 1901 for the first federal election. The division is named after William Charles Wentworth (1790–1872), an Australian explorer and politician.  In 1813 he crossed the Blue Mountains with Blaxland and Lawson.

The Division, in terms of area, is the smallest in Australia. It includes the suburbs of Bellevue Hill, Bondi, Bondi Beach, Bondi Junction, Bronte, Centennial Park, Clovelly, Darlinghurst, Darling Point, Dover Heights, Double Bay, East Sydney, Edgecliff, Elizabeth Bay, Kings Cross, North Bondi, Paddington, Point Piper, Potts Point, Queens Park, Rose Bay, Vaucluse, Watsons Bay, Waverley, Woollahra and Woolloomooloo; and parts of Randwick.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Sir William McMillan|Free Trade|1901–1903||
|||rowspan="3"|Willie Kelly|Free Trade, Anti-Socialist|1903–1909|
|||Commonwealth Liberal|1909–1917|||
|||Nationalist|1917–1919|||
|||rowspan="5"|Walter Marks|Nationalist|1919–1929|
|||Independent|1929|||
|||Australian|1929–1930|||
|||Independent|1930-1931|||
|||United Australia|1931|||
|||rowspan="2"|(Sir) Eric Harrison|United Australia|1931–1944|
|||Liberal|1944–1956|||
|||Les Bury|Liberal|1956–1974||
|||Bob Ellicott|Liberal|1974–1981||
|||Peter Coleman|Liberal|1981–1987||
|||John Hewson|Liberal|1987–1995||
|||Andrew Thomson|Liberal|1995–2001||
|||rowspan="2"|Peter King|Liberal|2001–2004|
|||Independent|2004|||
|||Malcolm Turnbull|Liberal|2004–2018||
|||Kerryn Phelps|Independent|2018–2019||
|||Dave Sharma|Liberal|2019–2022||
|||Allerga Spender|Independent|2022–present||

Eric Harrison was a minister in the governments of Joseph Lyons and Robert Menzies. He was also deputy Leader of the Liberal Party. He resign in 1956 and became Australian High Commissioner in London. Bob Ellicott was Attorney-General from 1975–1977. He also served as Minister for Home Affairs, Minister for Capital Territory. He resigned in 1981 to become a judge on the Federal Court of Australia. John Hewson and Malcolm Turnbull both served as Leaders of the Opposition, and Turnbull served as Prime Minister from 2015 to 2018. Peter King lost Liberal Party support, and decided to become an independent. He was banned from the Liberal Party for 10 years.

After Malcolm Turnbull was removed as Prime Minister by the Liberal Party he resigned from the Parliament. A by-election was held for the seat which was one by an independent candidate, Kerryn Phelps.

## Other websites

- Division of Wentworth – Australian Electoral Commission

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Wentworth
- **image**: Division of Wentworth 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Wentworth (green) in New South Wales
- **created**: 1901
- **mp**: Allegra Spender
- **mp-party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **namesake**: William Wentworth
- **electors**: 109262
- **electors year**: 2013
- **area**: 30
- **class**: Inner Metropolitan
National University of La Plata

The **National University of La Plata** (, **UNLP**) is one of the national universities in the Argentine city of La Plata. The university was founded in 1905 by Dr. Joaquín Víctor González.

## Academic units

- Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism
- Faculty of Arts
- Faculty of Agrarian and Forest Sciences
- Faculty of Astronomic and Geophysic Sciences
- Faculty of Economic Sciences
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Faculty of Law and Social Sciences
- Faculty of Medic Sciences
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences
- Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences
- Faculty of Informatics
- Faculty of Engineering
- Faculty of Dentistry
- Faculty of Journalism and Social Communication
- Faculty of Social Work
- Fine Arts High School "Professor Francisco Américo de Santo"

## Famous students and professors

- Raúl Alfonsín (Law degree in 1950) President of Argentina (1983–1989)
- Florentino Ameghino (Professor of geology)
- Adolfo Pérez Esquivel (Nobel Peace laureate)
- Juan José Arévalo (Philosophy PhD in 1934)
- Mario Bunge (Physics-Mathematics PhD in 1952)
- René Favaloro (Medicine degree in 1949) Inventor of the coronary artery by-pass
- Julio Palmaz (Medicine degree in 1971) Inventor of the balloon-expandable stent
- Emilio Pettoruti
- Raúl A. Ringuelet (Professor of Zoology)
- Carlos Saavedra Lamas (Law teacher, rector, Nobel Peace laureate)
- Ernesto Sábato (Physics PhD in 1937, writer)
- Néstor Kirchner (Law degree in 1976) President of Argentina (2003–2007)
- Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (Law degree in 1979) President of Argentina (2007-until now)
- Florentina Gómez Miranda (Law degree in 1945) Argentine Deputy from 1983 to 1991
- Horacio Pagani (Industrial design) CEO of the automotive company, Pagani Automobili S.p.A.

### Bibliography

- _History of the University of La Plata (Historia de la Universidad de La Plata)_, Julio Castiñeira, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
- _National University of La Plata on the Centennial of its Nationalization (La Universidad Nacional de La Plata en el centenario de su nacionalización)_, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: National University of La Plata
- **native name**: Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- **motto**: Pro Scientia et Patria
- **image**: Unlp marca escudo.png
- **established**: 1897
- **type**: Public university, Public
- **staff**: 10,400
- **chancellor**: Fernando Alfredo Tauber
- **city**: La Plata
- **state**: Buenos Aires Province, Buenos Aires
- **campus**: --
- **students**: 91,135
- **website**: http://www.unlp.edu.ar/
Brackenheim

**Brackenheim** () is a town in the _Landkreis_ (district) of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It is  southwest of Heilbronn.
With an area of  of vineyards, it is the biggest grape-growing municipality in Württemberg.

## Other websites

- Brackenheim.de

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Brackenheim.jpg
- **wappen**: Brackenheim Wappen.svg
- **lageplan**: Brackenheim in HN.png
- **bundesland**: Baden-Württemberg
- **regierungsbezirk**: Stuttgart
- **landkreis**: Heilbronn
- **höhe**: 192
- **fläche**: 45.74
- **einwohner**: 15009
- **stand**: 2012-12-31
- **plz**: 74336
- **vorwahl**: 07135
- **kfz**: HN
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 1 25 013
- **gliederung**: 8
- **bürgermeister**: Rolf Kieser
University of Chile

The **University of Chile** it’s the best institution of higher education in the city of Santiago de Chile.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University of Chile
- **native name**: Universidad de Chile
- **image**: Coat of arms of the University of Chile (previous official version).svg
- **established**: 17 September 1842
- **type**: Chilean Traditional Universities, Public
- **president**: Víctor Pérez Vera
- **city**: Santiago
- **state**: Santiago Metropolitan Region, RM
- **country**: Chile
- **undergrad**: 23,400
- **postgrad**: 4,108
- **faculty**: 3.523 (2004)
- **campus**: Antumapu (La Pintana, Santiago)
Beauchef (Santiago)
Juan Gómez Millas (Ñuñoa, Santiago)
Norte (Independencia, Santiago)
Andrés Bello (Providencia, Santiago
- **mascot**: Owl
- **website**: [http://www.uchile.cl/ www.uchile.cl]
Lucky Charms

**Lucky Charms** is an American brand of cereal made by General Mills. The cereal first appeared in stores in 1964. Its two main ingredients are toasted oat pieces and colored marshmallows with the animated television series Big Brother.

## Ingredients

Oats (Whole grain), Ayse marshmallows (sugar, modified starch/modified corn starch, corn syrup, dextrose, gelatin, calcium carbonate, yellow 5 & yellow 6, blue 1, red 40), artificial flavor, semen,  sugar, corn syrup, corn starch, salt, calcium carbonate, food coloring/artificial color, trisodium phosphate, zinc, and iron.

## Other forms

In 2005, another form of the cereal was made, Chocolate Lucky Charms. Then later being followed by Lucky Charms Marshmallow Treats. After these changes proved to increase sales, General Mills decided to make changes to the cereal periodically.
Battle of the Winwaed

The **Battle of the Winwaed** () was fought on 15 November 655 between the forces of Kings Penda of Mercia and Oswiu of Bernicia. The outcome of the battle was a major victory for Oswiu and a restoration of Northumbrian dominance of Anglo-Saxon England.

## Background

Several events led to the battle of the Winwaed. King Oswald of Northumbria was considered the bretwalda or overlord over the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England. Penda of Mercia defeated and killed Oswald of Northumbria in 642 at the battle of Maserfield. This left Penda the most powerful king in England. Penda did not claim to be the overlord, however. When his brother Oswald was killed, Oswiu of Northumbria claimed the throne of Bernicia but was not able to rule Deira. It was a year before Oswiu felt it was safe enough to recover his brother's body from the battlefield where he was killed. To appease Penda Oswiu gave his daughter in marriage to Penda's son Peada. Also Oswiu agreed to the marriage of his son Alfrith and Penda's daughter Cyneburh. Still, Penda was not satisfied. He was determined to destroy Oswiu. In 654 Penda raised a large army of some thirty 'legions'. Then, about 653, Penda began raiding into Bernicia.

## The battle

In a series of battles fought all across Northumbria, Oswiu kept being pushed back until he reached the far north of his kingdom. When Osiwu wanted peace, Penda took Oswiu's son Ecgfrith as a hostage. Oswiu also made an offer of tribute to Penda if he would bring an end to the hostilities. According to Nennius, Oswiu gave Penda all the treasure he had which Penda gave to his Briton allies. But Bede claims Penda turned down the offer of treasure as tribute. Penda took his army and left Bernicia. It was at this point, according to Bede, that Oswiu with a much smaller force attacked Penda's army. He caught up with Penda on the banks of the flooded Winwaed river. Some of Penda's allies deserted him and decided not to fight. But probably catching Penda's main force by surprise Oswiu's army fell upon the Mercians without mercy. Penda and most of the leaders of his 'thirty legions' were killed. Also killed with Penda was king Aethelhere of East Anglia. One of those who also withdrew and did not engage in the battle was Oswiu's nephew, King Athelwald of Deira. He had guided Penda through Northumbria and been his ally against his  to dominance had a major impact in 7th century England. Athelwald was either killed or went into exile. From this time Oswiu became the bretwalda or overlord over all the southern English people including Mercia. Mercia was then divided. North of the River Trent was controlled directly by Oswiu. He made Peada of Mercia, Penda's son, king over the part of Mercia south of the Trent. Peada had married Oswiu's daughter, Alflaed. Peada was murdered five months later by Alflaed, possibly on Oswiu's orders. Mercians rebelled against Oswiu and Peada's brother Wulfhere became king of Mercia.

## Other websites

- Kings of Northumbria
- Anglo-Saxon West Yorkshire: The Historical Background
Miyazawa Kenji

was a Japanese poet and writer. He wrote stories for children. He lived in the early Shōwa period of Japan.

Miyazawa's first collection of children's stories and fairy tales was _The Restaurant of Many Orders_ (, **'). Another famous work of his was _Night on the Galactic Railroad_ (, **').
Hanamaki, Iwate

**Hanamaki** is a city in the Iwate Prefecture of Japan. Hanamaki is famous as the birth place of poet Kenji Miyazawa. There are many places and museums related to Kenji Miyazawa in the city.
Kitakami, Iwate

**Kitakami** city is in the southwest of Iwate prefecture on the main island of Japan. Kitakami has a population of more than 93,000. The city is famous for the sakura that bloom in Tenshochi Park, which is regarded as one of the hundred best places in Japan to view cherry blossoms.
Hideyo Noguchi

was a Japanese microbiologist. He studied bacteria.

He was born in Inawashiro, Fukushima. He worked at the Institute of Infectious Diseases as a doctor. When he was 24, he went to the United States. In 1928, he moved to Ecuador, where there were many cases of yellow fever. He went to find the bacteria that caused it. After arriving there, he was able to identify the bacteria as yellow fever, and developed a vaccine. This quickly reduced the number of people dying of yellow fever in South America.
In 1928, while researching yellow fever in Accra, he was infected by yellow fever and died.
William F. Buckley Jr.

**William Frank Buckley, Jr.** (November 24, 1925 – February 27, 2008) was an American conservative author and commentator. He founded the political magazine _National Review_ in 1955, which had a big impact on the American conservative movement. He supported Barry M. Goldwater and Ronald Reagan.

## Career

He hosted 1,429 episodes of the television show _Firing Line_ from 1966 until 1999, where he became known for his transatlantic accent and wide vocabulary. He also wrote a nationally syndicated newspaper column, and wrote many spy novels.

## Personal life

Buckley was born November 24, 1925, in New York City. He was of Irish descent. As a child he lived in Mexico and learned Spanish. He studied in France and England and learned their languages. In 1950, Buckley married Patricia Buckley. They had a son, Christopher.

Buckley died at his home in Stamford, Connecticut, on February 27, 2008. Initially, it was reported that he was found dead at his desk in his study, a converted garage. At the time of his death, he had been suffering from emphysema and diabetes.  His cause of death was soon ruled as emphysema.

## Other websites

- Buckley Online , a complete guide to the writings William F. Buckley at Hillsdale College
- William F. Buckley at Library of Congress Authorities — with 109 catalog records

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: William Frank Buckley, Jr.
- **image**: William F. Buckley, Jr. 1985.jpg
- **caption**: William F. Buckley, Jr. in 1985