juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria

**Pope Shenouda III** (3 August 1923 – 17 March 2012) was the 117th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. His papacy lasted for forty years, four months, and four days from 14 November 1971 until his death on 17 March 2012.

Pope Shenouda III died on 17 March 2012 in Cairo, Egypt from respiratory and kidney failure, aged 88.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Pope Shenouda III – Coptic Orthodox Church Network: Biography, Online Books, and Audio Sermons
- Some Articles by Pope Shenouda III in English
- More information about the life of Pope Shenouda III – from Saint Takla Haymanout the Ethiopian Church, Alexandria, Egypt
- Common declaration of Pope Shenouda III and Pope Paul VI (1973)
- Pope Shenouda III's story and life in Arabic and English
- Pope Shenouda III's Life

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: His Holiness
- **name**: Pope Shenouda III
- **title**: Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Apostolic See of St. Mark the Evangelist of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
- **image**: Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria by Chuck Kennedy (Official White House Photostream).jpg
- **caption**: Pope Shenouda III
- **church**: Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
- **see**: Pope of Alexandria, Alexandria
- **archdiocese**: Alexandria
- **enthroned**: 14 November 1971
- **ended**: 17 March 2012
- **predecessor**: Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Cyril VI
- **successor**: Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria, Tawadros II
- **ordination**: 1954 (priesthood)
- **consecration**: 30 September 1962
- **birth name**: Nazir Gayed Roufail

- **birth place**: Abnub, Asyut Governorate, Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt
- **death place**: Cairo, Egypt
- **buried**: Monastery of Saint Pishoy, Scetes, Egypt
- **nationality**: Egyptian
- **religion**: Coptic Orthodox Christian
- **residence**: Seat of the Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria, Coptic Orthodox Patriarchal Residence
Critical analysis

**Critical analysis** is to examine something that someone has said. It means to study the individual parts of the work.
Theme (narrative)

**Theme** in writing is what you think is important in a story or narrative. It is the big idea of the work.

In contemporary literary studies, a **theme** is how the central topic a text, book, or story is treated. Themes can be divided into two categories: a work's _thematic concept_ is what readers "think the work is about" and its _thematic statement_ being "what the work says about the subject".

The most common understanding of theme is an idea or point that is central to a story. It can be summed in a single word (e.g. love, death, betrayal). Some examples of themes of this type are conflict between the person and society; getting to adult age; humans in conflict with technology; nostalgia.

A theme may be shown by the actions, words said, or thoughts of a character in a novel. An example of this would be the theme loneliness in John Steinbeck's _Of Mice and Men_. Many of the characters are lonely. It may be different from the book's or author's view of the world.
Figurative language

**Figurative language** is language that describes something by comparing it with something else. The language goes from the actual meaning of the words at face value to cause a special meaning. The figurative meaning is different from the literal meaning. For example, the sentence "When she heard the news, she was over the moon and jumped for joy" means that she was very happy, not that she was flying above the moon or jumping up and down.

Literal language has words and groups of words that do not go away from their meaning. Non-literal, or figurative, language has words and groups of words that change the normal meanings of words.

Literal use of language is the "normal" meanings of the words. It has the same meaning regardless of the context. The intended meaning is the same as the real meaning of the individual words.

Figurative use of language is the use of words or phrases in a manner in which the literal meaning of the words is not true or does not make sense. It "implies a non-literal meaning which does make sense or that could be true".
Jack Hills

The **Jack Hills** are a range of hills in Western Australia. They include the oldest material of terrestrial origin found on Earth. These are zircons which formed about 4.4 billion years ago (bya). The oldest zircon with the most consistent date is closer to 4.35 bya.

This zircon is part of a population of zircons in the metamorphosed conglomerate. They were deposited about 3.060 bya, which is the age of the youngest detrital zircon in the rock.

The zircons are used in research on the conditions on Earth in the Hadean eon.

## Comparisons

We have samples of rock from the Moon which are older than these zircons. The "Genesis Rock", got from the Moon by astronauts in the Apollo 15 mission, has been dated at 4.46 billion years. This is one of the oldest known rocks on Earth, though it originated on the Moon. During Apollo 16, older rocks were brought back.

The Allan Hills 84001 meteorite was blasted off from Mars by meteorite impact about 4.5 bya, and crystallised 4.091 bya. It arrived on Earth about 13,000 years ago. These figures were got by a number of radiometric dating techniques.
Province of Quebec (1763–1791)

The **Province of Quebec** was a colony in North America that was created by Great Britain after the Seven Years' War in which the British acquired New France by the Treaty of Paris (1763). After a long debate, France negotiated to keep Guadeloupe, a small island in the Caribbean, which was rich in sugar, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, small islands in the Atlantic with major fishery resources.

In the Royal Proclamation of 1763, the British renamed Canada, which was part of New France, to the Province of Quebec. The province extended from the coast of Labrador, on the Atlantic Ocean, southwest through the Saint Lawrence River Valley to the Great Lakes and beyond to the confluence of the Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers.

Portions of its southwest, below the Great Lakes, were ceded to the United States in the Treaty of Paris (1783), which ended the American Revolutionary War.
Casualty (person)

A **casualty** in military usage is a person in military service, who becomes unavailable for duty due to death or  injury. It also includes illness, capture, desertion, etc.; or a civilian casualty.

In civilian usage the word "casualty" is properly used for a person who is killed, wounded or injured by some event. It is usually used to describe multiple deaths and injuries due to violent incidents or disasters. _Casualties_ is sometimes loosely used to mean _fatalities_, but non-fatal injuries are also casualties.
Narratology

**Narratology** is the study of structure in narratives. The theory of narrative or narratology was developed in the 1960s. Narratology is based on the idea of a common literary language. Narratives are found and told through oral and written language. Narratology has helped to make it easier to understand the how and why of narrative.

## Other websites

- http://wikis.sub.uni-hamburg.de/lhn/index.php/Main_Page  - The Living Handbook of Narratology
- http://www.units.miamioh.edu/technologyandhumanities/narratology.htm  - Notes on Narratology
- http://www.nou-la.org/ling/1975a-theonarreme.pdf - THBORIE DES NARRGMES ET ALGORITHMES NARRATIFS
Red shirts

**Redshirts** or **Red coats** is the name given to the volunteers who followed Giuseppe Garibaldi. He was an Italian revolutionary who unified Italy by conquering the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1861.
The name came from the color of their shirts.
Man Against Machine

***Man Against Machine*** is the tenth studio album by Garth Brooks. The album was released on November 11, 2014. It was Brooks' second studio album on his new label Pearl Records. It was his first studio album new material in nine years. Two of the singles, "People Loving People," and "Send 'Em on Down the Road" were released early and made available digitally on Brooks' official website and GhostTunes.com.

## Other websites

- Garth Brooks official website
Granada Cathedral

**Granada Cathedral** (also called **Cathedral of the Incarnation**) is a cathedral in Granada, Spain. It is a Roman Catholic cathedral and is the seat of the Archdiocese of Granada. The site was once the center of Muslim Spain. In 1532 the Archbishop of Granada laid the cornerstone for the cathedral. The cathedral features a large number of paintings by the artist, sculptor and architect Alonso Cano.

## Other websites

- Guide to monuments of Granada: the Cathedral
- Granada Pictures
- _Del arte árabe en España_ Book about Arab Art in Spain by Rafael Contreras y Muñoz, pages 1 to 7.
- Information on the Cathedrals of Granada on the Spain.info website.
- History of the monuments of Granada in English
- Detailed maps of Granada
- Information on the Cathedrals of Granada on a Nicaraguan website
- Tourist Guide to Granada Cathedral and other places of tourist interest in Spain.
- Photo Gallery: Granada Cathedral of Incarnation ~ Spain
- Ixigo Granada Cathedral Photos

## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Granada Cathedral
 Catedral de Granada
- **image**: Plaza de las Pasiegas.JPG
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Granada Cathedral
- **location**: Granada, Spain
- **country**: Spain
- **denomination**: Roman Catholicism
- **style**: Renaissance architecture, Renaissance, Baroque architecture, Baroque
- **groundbreaking**: 1526
- **completed date**: 1561
1st Army (Russian Empire)

The **Russian First Army** was a World War I Russian field army that fought on the Eastern Front for two years.

## August 1914

It was commanded by General Paul Rennenkampf when Russia invaded East Prussia at the outbreak of war in 1914. They were accompanied by the Second Army commanded by General Alexander Samsonov. The plan was to trap the German army in a Pincer movement between the two armies. On 17 August the First Army engaged the Germans at Stallupönen. They fought the Germans again on 20 August at Gumbinnen and defeated them. Rennenkampf thought the Germans could be finished off by Samsonov's Second Army and did not move quickly enough to help them. In late August 1914 the German and Russian second army met at Tannenberg. The Second Army was encircled and suffered complete destruction.

## September 1914

Let by General Paul von Hindenburg the Germans turned north to attack the Russian First army at First Battle of the Masurian Lakes in September 1914. The Russians fought hard but were driven back to the Russian border. Rennenkampf kept his troops in good order as they retreated. They set up defensive lines on the Russian border.

## November 1914

After another defeat near Silesia on November 11, Rennenkampf was dismissed. He was replaced by General Litvinov. The First Army again fought at Thorn and Lódź but there was no clear cut winner.

## December 1914

The First army evacuated Lódź and returned to their own lines for the remainder of the winter. The First Army served on the Northwestern front for the rest of the war.
Offensive (military)

An **offensive** is an aggressive military operation usually aimed at an enemy force. It is also called an attack, an advance or an invasion. An offensive can be conducted on land, at sea or in the air. A common goal of an offensive is to engage the enemy in a battle. It can also be used to get an enemy to withdraw and avoid a battle.

A tactical offensive is an operation that is usually smaller or more limited. It often involves the use of special forces (or specialized forces). It often has a limited task such as the capture of a bridge or stronghold. A strategic offensive usually involves larger forces and usually has long-range goals.
Ewen Gilmour

**David Ewen Gilmour** ( 1963 – 2 October 2014), commonly known as **Ewen Gilmour**, was a New Zealand comedian and television presenter.

Gilmour began his comedy career in 1995. He shared the first Billy T Award with Cal Wilson in 1997. He won the Decade Award - Best Male Comedian - 2000 to 2010 at the 2010 NZ Comedy Guild Awards.  In 2012, he returned to the New Zealand International Comedy Festival "for the first time in a couple of years" with a one-hour show called "S'Truth".

He has made many appearances on New Zealand television, including Pulp Comedy (1995),  Intrepid Journeys - Peru (2003), Celebrity Treasure Island (2003), Dancing with the Stars series one (2005), and  Comedy Christmas Cracker (2010). He was the host of the TV3 show "Road Madness", mainly about dangerous driving on New Zealand roads, which first aired in 2012.

On 3 October 2014 it was reported Gilmour died in his sleep, aged 51.

## Other websites

- Official website
Robert Flower

**Robert Flower** (5 August 1955 – 2 October 2014) was an Australian rules footballer. He played with Melbourne Football Club. His first game was against Geelong in 1973. He captained the team from 1981 until his final game in 1987. He held the record for the number of games for his club, 272, until overtaken by David Neitz in 2006. Flower was born in Melbourne, Victoria.

Flower died on 2 October 2014, after a short illness.

## Infobox (afl biography)

- **name**: Robert Flower
- **fullname**: Robert Alan Flower
- **birth place**: Melbourne
- **originalteam**: Murrumbeena Football Club, Murrumbeena
- **nickname**: Tulip
- **statsend**: 1987
- **years1**: 1973–1987
- **club1**: Melbourne Football Club, Melbourne
- **games goals1**: 272 (315)
- **careerhighlights**: **Club**
*Keith 'Bluey' Truscott Medallist: 1977
*2×  List of Melbourne Football Club leading goalkickers, leading Goalkicker: 1979, 1983
*Melbourne Football Club#Honour board, Harold Ball Memorial Trophy: 1973
* List of Melbourne Football Club captains, captain: 1981–1987
*Melbourne Football Club, Melbourne Team of the Century –<small> Wing</small>
*Melbourne Football Club#Hall of Fame, Melbourne Hall of Fame
**Overall**
*Australian Football Hall of Fame
*2× All-Australian team, All-Australian: 1980, 1983
Kevin Metheny

**Kevin Metheny** (c. 1954 – October 3, 2014) was an American radio executive. He was played by Paul Giamatti in the 1997 movie, _Private Parts_. His final job in the radio industry was as operations manager of KGO-AM/KSFO-AM (San Francisco).

Metheny died in San Francisco, California from a suspected heart attack, aged 60.
Ward Ruyslinck

**Raymond De Belser** (17 June 1929 – 3 October 2014), pseudonym **Ward Ruyslinck**, was a Belgian writer. He was born in Berchem, Belgium. He was known for his book _Wierook en tranen_ ("_Incense and Tears_"). He won the _Prijs voor Letterkunde van de Vlaamse provincies_ for this work. In 1966, he wrote the bittersweet fairy tale _Golden Ophelia_.

Ward Ruyslinck retired in 1984. His wife committed suicide in 1980. Afterwards, he moved to Meise to live with his mistress Monika Lo Cascio. Ruyslinck and Cascio wrote the autobiographical novel _De speeltuin_ ("The Playground") in 1992.

Ruyslinck, who had from Alzheimer's disease, died on 3 October 2014 in a retirement home in Meise.
Jean-Jacques Marcel

**Jean-Jacques Marcel** (13 June 1931 – 3 October 2014) was a French footballer. He played at the World Cup tournaments in 1954 and 1958.

On 3 October 2014, it was announced by his former football club that Marcel died. He was 83.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Jean-Jacques Marcel
- **image**: Jean-Jacques Marcel vers 1954.jpg
- **caption**: 'Football 78 - 'Les étoiles du passé', p.51. 1954
- **fullname**: Jean-Jacques Marcel
- **birth place**: Brignoles, Var, France
- **position**: Midfielder (football), Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 1948–1949
- **youthclubs1**: Brignoles
- **years1**: 1949–1954
- **years2**: 1954–1959
- **years3**: 1959–1960
- **years4**: 1960–1965
- **clubs1**: FC Sochaux-Montbéliard
- **clubs2**: Olympique de Marseille
- **clubs3**: Sporting Toulon Var
- **clubs4**: RCF Paris
- **caps1**: 116
- **caps2**: 158
- **caps3**: 31
- **caps4**: 121
- **goals1**: 11
- **goals2**: 23
- **goals3**: 4
- **goals4**: 38
- **nationalyears1**: 1953–1961
- **nationalteam1**: France national football team, France
- **nationalcaps1**: 44
- **nationalgoals1**: 3
Jean-Claude Duvalier

**Jean-Claude Duvalier** (), nicknamed "**Bébé Doc**" or "**Baby Doc**" (July 3, 1951 – October 4, 2014) was the President of Haiti from 1971 until his overthrow by a popular uprising in 1986. He succeeded François "Papa Doc" Duvalier, his father, as the ruler of Haiti.

Duvalier died of a heart attack on October 4, 2014, at the age of 63.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jean-Claude Duvalier
- **image**: Baby Doc (centrée).jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Haiti, 41st President of Haiti
- **term start**: April 22, 1971
- **term end**: February 7, 1986
- **predecessor**: François Duvalier
- **successor**: Henri Namphy
- **birth place**: Port-au-Prince, Haiti
- **death place**: Port-au-Prince, Haiti
- **nationality**: Haitian
- **spouse**: Michèle Bennett
(1980–1990)
- **partner**: Veronique Roy
(1990–2014)
- **relations**: François Duvalier
(father)
Simone Duvalier, Simone Ovide
(mother)
- **children**: Nicolas Duvalier
Anya Duvalier
- **party**: National Unity Party (Haiti), National Unity Party
Splake

The **splake** or **slake** (_Salvelinus namaeycush X Salvelinus fontinalis_) is a fish. It is the hybrid of a male brook trout (_Salvelinus fontinalis_) and a female lake trout (_Salvelinus namaycush_).  The name is a combination of speckled trout (another name for brook trout) and lake trout. The name may have been used as early as the 1880s. Hybrids of the male lake trout with the female brook trout (the so-called "brookinaw") have also been produced, but are not as successful.
Seville Cathedral

**Seville Cathedral** is one of the famous Roman Catholic cathedrals in Spain. It is in Seville state. It is the third largest cathedral in the world and the largest Gothic style cathedral. It was consecrated in 1507.  In 1987, UNESCO added this church as a World Heritage site.

In the early 16th century, Hagia Sophia made the church into a mosque. At that time, the cathedral was the largest church or cathedral in the world. Christopher Columbus is buried in this church.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Interactive 360° panorama from Plaza del Triunfo with Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo General de Indias (Java, highres, 0,9 MB)
- acred-destinations
- More information of Seville Cathedral as the monument of Spain
- Great Building Website with more information about Seville Cathedral
- Bluffton University images and details pertaining to Catedral de Sevilla

## Infobox (designation list)

- **embed**: yes
- **designation1**: WHS
- **designation1 offname**: Cathedral, Alcázar of Seville, Alcázar and Archivo General de Indias, Archivo de Indias in Seville
- **designation1 date**: 1987 <small>(11th World Heritage Committee, session)</small>, modified 2010
- **designation1 number**: [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/383bis-001 383bis-001]
- **designation1 criteria**: i, ii, iii, vi
- **designation1 type**: Cultural
- **designation1 free1name**: State Party
- **designation1 free2name**: Region
- **designation1 free2value**: List of World Heritage Sites in Europe, Europe and North America
- **designation2**: Spain
- **designation2 offname**: Catedral de Santa María de la Sede de Sevilla
- **designation2 type**: Real property
- **designation2 criteria**: Monument (Spain), Monument
- **designation2 date**: 29 December 1928
- **designation2 number**: (R.I.) - 51 - 0000329 - 00000


## Infobox (church)

- **name**: Seville Cathedral
- **fullname**: Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See

- **image**: Sevilla Cathedral - Southeast.jpg
- **caption**: View of the southeastern side of the Cathedral
- **pushpin map**: Spain Andalusia
- **location**: Seville
- **country**: Spain
- **denomination**: Roman Catholic Church
- **consecrated date**: 1507
- **status**: Cathedral
- **functional status**: Active
- **architect**: Alonso Martínez, Pedro Dancart, Carles Galtés de Ruan, Alonso Rodríguez
- **architectural type**: church architecture, church
- **style**: Gothic architecture, Gothic
- **groundbreaking**: 1401
- **completed date**: 1528
- **spire quantity**: 1
- **archdiocese**: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seville, Seville
- **archbishop**: Juan Asenjo Pelegrina
Castle of Almansa

The **Castle of Almansa** () is a castle in Almansa, Spain. It was declared _Bien de Interés Cultural_ in 1921.

The Castle of Almansa was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.

## Other websites

- Details about the castle
- Images of castle

## Infobox (historic site)

- **name**: Castle of Almansa
- **native name**: Castillo de Almansa
- **native language**: Spanish
- **image**: Castillo de Almansa sobre el cerro del Aguila.jpg
- **locmapin**: Spain
- **location**: Almansa, Spain
- **designation1**: Spain
- **designation1 offname**: Castillo de Almansa
- **designation1 type**: Non-movable
- **designation1 criteria**: Monument
- **designation1 date**: 1921
- **designation1 number**: RI-51-0000190
Alcántara Bridge

**Alcántara Bridge** (also called **Puente Trajan at Alcantara**) is a Roman stone arch bridge. It was built over the Tagus River, Alcántara, Spain between 104 and 106 AD. The Roman emperor Trajan ordered this bridge built in 98 AD. The Alcántara Bridge was built at the expense of 12 local municipalities in Lusitania. The names were added on an inscription on the archway over the central pier.

The original length of this bridge was . It is now  long  The clear spans of the six arches from the right to the left riverside are , , , ,  and

The Alcántara Bridge was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.

## General references

- David J. Brown, _Bridges_ (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1993), p. 25
- Manuel Durán Fuentes, _La Construcción de Puentes Romanos en Hispania_ (Santiago de Compostela: Xunta de Galicia, 2004), pp. 194–200
- Vittorio Galliazzo, _I ponti romani, Catalogo generale_ Vol. 2 (Treviso: Edizioni Canova, 1994), pp. 353–358 (No. 754)
- Bernhard Graf, _Bridges that Changed the World_ (Munich: Prestel, 2002), pp. 20–21
- Colin O’Connor, _Roman Bridges_ (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 109–111 (SP21)

## Infobox (bridge)

- **bridge name**: Alcántara Bridge
- **image**: El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg
- **crosses**: Tagus, Tagus River
- **locale**: Alcántara, Spain
- **designer**: Caius Julius Lacer
- **design**: Roman bridge, Roman arch bridge
- **material**: Masonry, Stone
- **spans**: 6
- **begin**: 104 AD
- **complete**: 106 AD
- **heritage**: Listed as cultural heritage since 1921
Neo-creationism

Creationism is the idea that life on earth was created by God. This idea comes from a literal reading of scripture, very often the Bible.  Today, almost all scientists believe evolution is a good explanation. These scientists say that  the scientific method does not allow certain explanations, mostly those that include supernatural elements. For this reason, a movement called  **Neo-creationism** wants to re-state the ideas behind creationism and restart the discussion  over the origins of life. The followers want to do this in such a way that religious terms are not used, and that there are no references to scripture. This should make it easier to talk to other groups, such as the scientific community or the general public.
Cloud chamber

A **cloud chamber** is a sealed box with a supersaturated vapour of water or alcohol. When a charged particle (e.g. an alpha or beta particle) goes through it, the vapour is ionized. The resulting ions act as nuclei, around which a mist forms from the vapour.

The high energies of alpha and beta particles mean that a trail is left by ions produced along the path of the charged particle. These tracks have distinctive shapes (for example, an alpha particle's track is broad and shows more evidence of deflection by collisions, while an electron's is thinner and straight). When any uniform magnetic field is applied across the cloud chamber, positively and negatively charged particles will curve in opposite directions, according to the Lorentz force law.

The cloud chamber was invented by Charles Wilson (1869–1959), a Scottish physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for this work. The first cloud chamber was made in 1911. The invention was used in the early days of atomic physics. It is often called the 'Wilson chamber'. Since then a number of other types of particle detectors have been invented.

## References

- Das Gupta N.N. & Ghosh S.K. 1946. A report on the Wilson cloud chamber and its applications in physics. _Reviews of Modern Physics_. **18**, 225–365.

## Other websites

- Many pictures of nuclear interaction and experiences
- Video demonstration of a cloud chamber , Peter Wothers, Royal Institution, December 2012
- Wilson's Original Apparatus
- Radiation tracks in Cloud Chambers
Uric acid

**Uric acid** is a chemical compound that mammals, such as humans, reptiles and birds excrete. It is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. It forms ions and salts known as **urates** and **acid urates**. Uric acid is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides.

High blood concentrations of uric acid (hyperuricaemia  in people can lead to gout. The chemical is associated with other medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and the formation of kidney stones (ammonium acid urate).

## Related pages

- Guano
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

The **Guggenheim Museum Bilbao** is a museum of modern art.  It is in Abando, Bilbao, Spain. The museum was opened in 1997. It is one of the several museums belonging to Solomon R. Guggenheim foundation. This museum was designed by the architect Frank Gehry.  There are no flat surfaces in this building. The structure of the building is made of glass, titanium, and limestone.

> "Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum Bilbao not only changed the way that architects and people think about museums, but also boosted Bilbao’s economy with its astounding success."

The museum has three aims in its mission. The museum wants to bring together and help the public to interpret the arts of our time. They want to encourage art education. They also want to increase the knowledge of the public's understanding of the arts. The collections at the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao have works by the some of the most famous artists of the past four decades. There are works of many Work of art Parodies including Classical Baby, Little Einsteins, Starfall and BabyFirst. Spanish contemporary and Basque art are also displayed from some of the local and regional artists.

There are over one hundred exhibitions in the museum. There have been approximately ten million visitors to the museum.

## Other websites

- http://www.guggenheim.org/bilbao  - Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
- http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20131218-when-the-museum-is-the-art - Guggenheim Museum Bilbao: Art inside and out

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
- **native name**: Museo Guggenheim Bilbao / Guggenheim Bilbao Museoa
- **native name lang**: es
- **image**: Bilbao - Guggenheim aurore.jpg
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **caption**: The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, along the Estuary of Bilbao, Nervión Estuary in central Bilbao
- **location**: Abando, Bilbao, Spain
- **type**: Art museum
- **visitors**: 318,732 visitors (2020) down 45 percent from 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic
- **director**: John Joven
- **publictransit**: Baker & Hill
Purine

**Purine** is an organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. It has the chemical formula . Purine is a cyclic compound with two rings (a bicyclic compound). The rings share two atoms, so they are called fused. One of the rings is pyrimidine, and  the other is imidazole. Because the rings have nitrogen, it is a heterocyclic compound.

**Purines** are a family of chemicals where some of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by other functional groups. Purines are common in nature. Adenine and guanine, two of the four nucleobases that DNA is made of, are purines. The xanthines are a group of purines that includes caffeine and theobromine.
Telecommunications in Azerbaijan

|colspan="2" align="center"|Telecommunications Republic of Azerbaijan|
| --- | --- |
|colspan="2" align="center"||
|colspan="2" align="center"||
|Landlines (2014):|1,820,000|
|Mobile lines (2014):|11,000,000|
|ccTLD:|.az|
|Calling code:|+994|

**Telecommunications in Azerbaijan** is about television, radio, fixed and mobile telephones, and Internet in Azerbaijan.

## Telephones

- **Telephones - main lines in use:** 1,820,000 (2014)
- _Country comparison to the world:_ 64

- **Telephones - mobile cellular:** 11,000,000 (2014)
- _Country comparison to the world:_ 75

## Radio

As of 2014, Azerbaijan has 9 AM radio stations, 17 FM radio stations, and one shortwave radio station. There are also about 4,350,000 radios.

- **Radio broadcast stations:** 26 (2014)
    - Radio Respublika - FM 105.0 MHz
    - İctimai FM  - FM 90 MHz
    - Naxçıvan Dövlət radiosu (Nakhchivan State Radio) - FM 103 MHz
    - Naxçıvanın səsi (Voice of Nakhchivan) - FM 103 MHz
    - ARAZ FM     - FM 103.3 MHz
    - Antenn FM   - FM 101 MHz
    - ANS ChM     - FM 102 MHz
    - Avto FM     - FM 107.7 MHz
    - Azad Azərbaycan FM - FM 106 MHz
    - Bürc FM     - FM 100.5 MHz
    - Kəpəz FM    - FM 90.3 MHz
    - Lider FM    - FM 107 MHz
    - Media FM    - FM 105.5 MHz
    - Space FM    - FM 104 MHz
    - Xəzər FM    - FM 103 MHz
- **Radios:** 175,000 (1997)

## Television

Azerbaijan has a total of 47 television channels. Four of them are public and 43 are private. Twelve are national television channels and 31 are regional.

- **Television broadcast stations:** 43 (2014)
- **Televisions:** 170,000 (1997)

## Internet

- **Internet service providers (ISPs):** 15 (2005) 29 (2009)
- **Country code:** AZE
- **Internet TLD:** .az
- **Internet hosts:** 46,856 (2011)
- _Country comparison to the world:_ 98
- **Internet users:** 2.200,000 (2014)
- _Country comparison to the world:_ 70
- **Internet acess:** 31.26% (2014)

## Related pages

- Telecommunication
- Azerbaijan

## References

- CIA World Factbook

## Further reading

- Sidorenko, Alexey: "The Internet in Azerbaijan" in the _Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 15_
- Kazimova, Arifa: "Media in Azerbaijan: The Ruling Family Dominates TV, the Opposition Has Some Papers" in the _Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 25_

## Other websites

- Telecommunication Companies in Azerbaijan
- Azerbaijan Companies
Pyrimidine

**Pyrimidines** include three of the bases in DNA and RNA.

A pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound, similar to purine. It has nitrogens at positions 1 and 3 in the ring.

## Pyrimidines

The pyrimidine ring system occurs widely in nature.
- Cytosine (C),
- Thymine (T),
- Uracil (U).
- Thiamine (vitamin B1)

It is also found in many synthetic compounds such as barbiturates and the HIV drug, zidovudine. Uric acid is a pyrimidine derivative.
State Statistics Committee

The **State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan Republic** () is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of collection, processing and publishing statistical data on the economy, demographics and other sectors in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The State Statistics Committee was established on February 18, 1994 by President Heydar Aliyev. Its headquarters is located in the Azerbaijani capital city of Baku.

## Related pages

- Statistics
- Azerbaijan

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan Republic
- **nativename**: Azərbaycan Respublikası Dövlət Statistika Komitəsi
- **logo**: AzStat logo.png
- **logo caption**: Logo of the State Statistics Committee
- **seal**: Coat of arms of Azerbaijan.svg
- **seal width**: 120px
- **seal caption**: Coat of Arms of Azerbaijan
- **formed**: February 18, 1994
- **jurisdiction**: Republic of Azerbaijan
- **headquarters**: 136 Inshaatchilar Avenue, Baku, Azerbaijan AZ1136
- **chief1 name**: Arif Valiyev
- **chief1 position**: Chairman
The Colbys

***The Colbys*** was an American primetime soap opera. It was a spin-off of _Dynasty_. It aired on ABC from November 1985 to March 1987. The stars of the series included Charlton Heston, John James, Emma Samms, Maxwell Caulfield, and Stephanie Beacham. This show was focused on the fictional rich Colby family from Los Angeles, California.
Paul Revere (musician)

**Paul Revere Dick** (January 7, 1938 - October 4, 2014) was an American musician and organ player. In 1958, he and other musicians founded the group _Paul Revere & the Raiders_. They recorded many hits. He worked with the group until his death in 2014. Revere was born in Harvard, Nebraska.

Revere died from cancer in Garden Valley, Idaho, aged 76.
Alan Henning

**Alan Henning** (15 August 1967 – c. 3 October 2014) was a British taxicab driver-turned-humanitarian aid worker. He was the fourth Western hostage killed by Islamic State (IS). Henning was captured during IS's occupation of the Syrian city of Al-Dana in December 2013, where he was helping with humanitarian relief.

The British Foreign Office withheld news of Henning's capture while they attempted to negotiate his release. Henning was shown at the end of David Cawthorne Haines's execution video, released on 13 September 2014, and referred to by "Jihadi John" as the next victim. A video of Henning's beheading was released by IS on 3 October 2014.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alan Henning
- **birth place**: Eccles, Greater Manchester, Eccles, Lancashire, England
- **disappeared date**: December 2013
- **disappeared place**: Al-Dana, Syria, Al-Dana, Syria
- **death date**: circa, c
- **death cause**: Decapitation
- **nationality**: British
- **occupation**: Taxicab driver
Aid worker
Coleby Lombardo

**Coleby Jason Lombardo** (born September 7, 1978), is an American former child actor. He appeared in many movies and television series. The most popular of them was _The Colbys_. In that series, he played young Scott Cassidy. He was nominated for a Young Artist Award for that role.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Coleby Lombardo
- **birth name**: Coleby Jason Lombardo
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **known for**: _The Colbys_
- **occupation**: Child actor
David Cawthorne Haines

**David Cawthorne Haines** (9 May 1970 –  13 September 2014) was a British aid worker. He was captured by the Islamic State in early 2013. He was later executed by beheading in early September 2014.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: David C. Haines
- **birth name**: David Cawthorne Haines
- **birth place**: East Riding of Yorkshire, England
- **disappeared date**: March 2013
- **disappeared place**: Atme, Syria
- **death place**: Syrian desert
- **death cause**: Decapitation
- **nationality**: United Kingdom, British
- **occupation**: Aid worker
John J. Lloyd

**John J. Lloyd** (1922 – October 4, 2014) was an American art director and production designer. He was known for his work on such movies as _National Lampoon's Animal House_, _The Blues Brothers_, _The Thing_, _Big Trouble in Little China_, and _The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!_. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Lloyd died in Santa Monica, California, aged 92.
Vaughn O. Lang

**Vaughn Olin Lang** (November 10, 1927 – October 2, 2014) was an American lieutenant general in the United States Army. Lang began his service as 2LT at the Officers’ Basic Course at Ft. Monmouth, New Jersey in 1952. He served in the Radio-Radar Procurement Branch and in the European Trans-Atlantic Project. Lang was a general during the Vietnam War. Lang was born in Williamsburg, Pennsylvania.

Lang died on October 2, 2014, at his home in Vienna, Virginia, aged 86.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Vaughn O. Lang
- **image**: Vaughn O Lang.jpeg
- **birth place**: Williamsburg, Pennsylvania, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Vienna, Virginia, U.S.
- **placeofburial**: Williamsburg, Pennsylvania
- **branch**: United States Army
- **rank**: Lieutenant general (United States), Lieutenant general
- **commands**: Communications and Electronic Materiel Readiness Command (CERCOM) and the Army Communications Agency
Fyodor Cherenkov

**Fyodor Fyodorovich Cherenkov** () (25 July 1959 — 4 October 2014) was a Soviet and Russian football midfielder. He played for Spartak Moscow (1977–90 and 1991–94) and Red Star Football Club (1990–91). Cherenkov made 34 appearances for USSR national football team, scoring 12 goals. He was born in Moscow, Russia.

Cherenkov died in Moscow, Russia, aged 55.

## Other websites

- Fyodor Cherenkov's profile  at Spartak's official website
- Profile and interview

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Fyodor Cherenkov
- **fullname**: Fyodor Fyodorovich Cherenkov
- **image**: Черенков Фёдор Фёдорович (футболист, полузащитник сборной СССР).JPG
- **caption**: in 2010
- **birth place**: Moscow, USSR
- **death place**: Moscow, Russian Federation
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 1969–1971
- **youthyears2**: 1971–1977
- **youthclubs1**: Kuntsevo Moscow
- **youthclubs2**: FC Spartak Moscow
- **years1**: 1977–1990
- **years2**: 1990–1991
- **years3**: 1991–1993
- **clubs1**: FC Spartak Moscow
- **clubs2**: Red Star Saint-Ouen
- **clubs3**: FC Spartak Moscow
- **caps1**: 344
- **caps2**: 15
- **caps3**: 54
- **goals1**: 86
- **goals2**: 1
- **goals3**: 9
- **totalcaps**: 413
- **totalgoals**: 96
- **nationalyears1**: 1979–1990
- **nationalteam1**: USSR national football team, USSR
- **nationalcaps1**: 34
- **nationalgoals1**: 12
- **nationalyears2**: 1980–1983
- **nationalteam2**: Soviet Union Olympic football team, USSR (Olympic)
- **nationalcaps2**: 10
- **nationalgoals2**: 6
- **manageryears1**: 1994–1995
- **manageryears2**: 1996–1997
- **manageryears3**: 2013–2014
- **managerclubs1**: FC Spartak Moscow (assistant)
- **managerclubs2**: FC Spartak Moscow (reserves assistant)
- **managerclubs3**: FC Spartak Moscow (youth assistant)
Anna Przybylska

**Anna Przybylska** (26 December 1978 – 5 October 2014) was a Polish actress and model. She was born in Gdynia, Poland. She was ranked high amongst the most beautiful Polish actresses. In 2004, she was chosen to be the Polish ambassador for the ASTOR cometics brand. Two years later, she became the European ambassador for ASTOR. She was known for her role as Jadzia in _Kariera Nikosia Dyzmy_ (2002).

Przybylska died on 5 October 2014 from pancreatic cancer in Gdynia, Poland, aged 35.
Jules Bianchi

**Jules Bianchi** (3 August 1989 – 17 July 2015) was a French racing driver. He drove for the Marussia F1 team. He made his Formula One debut in 2013, driving for Marussia alongside Max Chilton. He previously raced in Formula Renault 3.5, the GP2 Series and Formula Three.

During the Japanese Grand Prix on 5 October, Bianchi's car crashed with a recovery vehicle which was helping to the car of Adrian Sutil, who had crashed the lap before. The race was cancelled after the crash. The FIA released a statement that CT scans have shown Bianchi suffered a "severe head injury" in the crash, and he will be transferred to intensive care following surgery. Bianchi died in Nice, France on 17 July 2015 from complications of his injuries at the age of 25.

## Other websites

- Jules Bianchi career statistics at Driver Database

## Infobox (racing driver)

- **name**: Jules Bianchi
- **image**: Jules Bianchi 2012-1.JPG
- **caption**: Bianchi in 2012
- **related to**: Lucien Bianchi (great-uncle)
Mauro Bianchi (grandfather)
- **year**: 2012 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season, 2012
- **prev series**: GP2 Series
GP2 Asia Series
Formula Renault 3.5 Series
British Formula Three Championship, British Formula Three
Formula 3 Euro Series
Championnat de France Formula Renault 2.0, French Formula Renault 2.0
Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0
- **prev series years**: 2010 GP2 Series season, 2010–2011 GP2 Series season, 11
2009–10 GP2 Asia Series season, 2009–10–2011 GP2 Asia Series season, 2011
2009 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season, 2009, 2012 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season, 2012
2009 British Formula Three season, 2009
2008 Formula 3 Euro Series season, 2008–2009 Formula 3 Euro Series season, 09
2007 Formula Renault seasons#2007 Championnat de France Formula Renault 2.0 season, 2007
2007 Formula Renault seasons#2007 Formula Renault 2.0 Eurocup season, 2007
- **titles**: Formula 3 Euro Series
Championnat de France Formula Renault 2.0, French Formula Renault 2.0
- **title years**: 2009 Formula 3 Euro Series season, 2009
2007 Formula Renault seasons#2007 Championnat de France Formula Renault 2.0 season, 2007
- **birth date**: 3 August 1989
- **birth place**: Nice, France
- **death date**: 17 July 2015
- **death place**: Nice, France
Elya Baskin

**Ilya (Elya) Zalmanovich Baskin** (; ; born 11 August 1950) is a Soviet-American actor of Jewish descent. He is known for his roles in _Moscow on Hudson_, _Air Force One_, _The Name of the Rose_, _2010_, _October Sky_, _Spider-Man 2_, and in _Transformers: Dark of the Moon_.

## Infobox (person)

- **birth place**: Riga, Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR (present-day Latvia)
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1971–present
Niagara Movement

The **Niagara Movement**, was a civil rights group of African-American activists who wanted equal rights for blacks. It was led by W. E. B. Du Bois. The movement opposed the Atlanta Compromise by Booker T. Washington.

## Founding

Along with Du Bois and Trotter, Fredrick McGhee of St. Paul, Minnesota, and Charles Edwin Bentley of Chicago also recognized the need for a national activist group. The foursome organized a conference to be held July 11–13, 1905, in Buffalo, New York. 59 carefully selected anti-Bookerites were invited to attend; 29 showed up, including prominent community leaders and a notable number of lawyers. At the last minute, to avoid disruption, the meeting was moved to the Erie Beach Hotel in Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada, across the Niagara River from Buffalo.

The organization founded at this meeting chose Du Bois as its general secretary and Cincinnati lawyer George H. Jackson as treasurer. It set up committees to oversee progress on the organization's goals. State chapters would advance local agendas and disseminate information about the organization and its goals. Its name was chosen to reflect the site of its first meeting and to be representative of a "mighty current" of change its leaders sought to bring about. Seventeen founders were each appointed as state secretary to individually represent 17 of the states of the union:
- Massachusetts – CG Morgan
- Georgia – John Hope
- Arkansas – FB Coffin
- Illinois – CE Bentley
- Kansas – B. S. Smith
- D.C. – L. M. Henshaw
- New York – G. F. Miller
- Virginia – James Robert Lincoln Diggs
- Colorado – C. A. Franklin
- Pennsylvania – G. W. Mitchell
- Rhode Island – Byron Gunner
- New Jersey – T. A. Spraggins
- Maryland – G.R. Waller
- Iowa – G. H. Woodson
- Tennessee – Richard Hill
- Minnesota – F. L. McGhee
- West Virginia – J. R. Clifford
Harvard, Nebraska

**Harvard** is a city in Clay County, Nebraska, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 951.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Harvard, Nebraska
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Harvard, Nebraska downtown 1.JPG
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Downtown Harvard: east side of Clay Avenue
- **image map**: Clay_County_Nebraska_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Harvard_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Harvard, Nebraska
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Nebraska
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Nebraska, County
- **subdivision name2**: Clay County, Nebraska, Clay
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 1.67
- **area land km2**: 1.67
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.65
- **area land sq mi**: 0.65
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 951
- **population density km2**: 569.66
- **population density sq mi**: 1474.42
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 549
- **elevation ft**: 1801
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 68944
- **area code**: Area code 402, 402
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 31-21345
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0829840
- **website**: [https://www.harvardnebraska.com/ www.harvardnebraska.com/]
Division of Moncrieff

The **Division of Moncrieff** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. The division was created in 1984 and is named after Gladys Moncrieff (1892–1976), an Australian singer who lived in the area.

Moncrieff is located in south east Queensland, and includes the central area of the Gold Coast, including Surfers Paradise.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Kathy Sullivan|Liberal|1984–2001||
|||rowspan="2"|Steven Ciobo|Liberal|2001–2010|
|||Liberal National|2010–2019|||
|||Angie Bell|Liberal National|2019–present||

## Other websites

- Division of Moncrieff (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Moncrieff
- **caption**: Interactive map of boundaries
- **created**: 1984
- **mp**: Angie Bell
- **mp-party**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **namesake**: Gladys Moncrieff
- **electors**: 92,679 (2013)
- **area**: 92
- **class**: Provincial
Liverpool 8

***Liverpool 8*** is the fourteenth studio album by Ringo Starr. The album was released on January 15, 2008. It was his first and only studio album on the Capitol Records label.

_Liverpool 8_ is the postal district of the Toxteth area of Liverpool where Starr was born.