juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Deira

**Deira** (Brittonic: _Dubro_ or _dyfr_) was a kingdom in Northern England. The Anglian people living there were known as the _Dere_. Deira occupied the area that was later called the East Riding of Yorkshire. Deira was one of two early Anglian kingdoms north of the River Humber; the other being Bernicia, their northern neighbor. In the early 7th century they combined to become the kingdom of Northumbria.

## Roman and early Anglian Deira

In Roman Britain Deira was separated from Bernicia. The two had a broad area between them where no one lived. The Romans had small defensive works in this area to protect the route to Hadrian's Wall. It was a kind of no man's land after the Angles arrived. Deira first came under the control of the Angles in 560 under their leader Ella. He conquered the Britons in Deira in 581. Deira was still blocked from northward expansion by Bernicia. To the west they were blocked by the last remaining British kingdom of any size, Elmet. King Athelfrith of Bernicia united the kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia into Northumbria. In 617 Edwin of Deira defeated Elmet and expelled their king, Cerdic. Deira and Bernicia were separated again briefly after the death of King Oswald. His brother Oswiu of Northumbria inherited the kingship of Bernicia but did not control Deira until 651. From that time until 867, Deira was treated as a subkingdom of Northumbria. In 867 the Vikings took control of Deira.

## Kings of Deira

- Aelle (–
- Athelric (–
- Athelfrith (604–616) Defeated Deira to form Northumbria
- Edwin (616–)
- Osric (–) Kingdom split back into Deira and Bernicia
- —no ruler— (634–635)
- Oswald (645–642) Reunited Northumbria
- Oswiu of Northumbria (642–670) From 654 he ruled Northumbria. had several sub-kings who ruled Deira:
    - Oswine (643–651)
    - Athelwald (651–655) Only son of King Oswald.
    - Alfrith (655–)
    - Ecgfrith of Northumbria (664–670) Ruled Deira under his father Oswiu
- Ecgfrith of Northumbria (670–685) Ruled Northumbria. Gave Deira to his brother:
    - Elfwine (670–679)
- Aldfrith (685–704) Ruled Northumbria including Deira
6 World Trade Center

**Six World Trade Center** was an eight-story building in Lower Manhattan, New York City. It was part of the original World Trade Center complex of buildings. It was opened in 1973. It served as the U.S. Customs House for 28 years.

On September 11, 2001, the building was badly damaged from the fall of the North Tower (WTC 1) of the World Trade Center during the 9/11 attacks. The building was demolished later that year.

The new One World Trade Center is built on its site.

## Other websites

- Emporis entry on Six World Trade Center
- Tenants of Six World Trade Center via CNN

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Six World Trade Center
- **alternate names**: 6 WTC
- **status**: <span style="color:red">Destroyed</span>
- **image**: Image:Six WTC SW Corner.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Southwest corner of Six World Trade Center after the September 11 attacks
- **location**: Lower Manhattan
- **location town**: New York City
- **location country**: United States
- **start date**: 1970
- **completion date**: April 4, 1973
- **demolition date**: December 2001
- **destruction date**: September 11 attacks, September 11, 2001
- **architect**: Yamasaki & Associates
Emery Roth & Sons
- **owner**: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
- **floor count**: 8
- **building type**: Office
- **architectural style**: Modern architecture, Modern
- **current tenants**: List of tenants in Six World Trade Center, List
- **structural engineer**: Leslie Robertson, Leslie E. Robertson Associates
- **main contractor**: Tishman Construction
Fish processing

**Fish processing** has to do with fish and fish products between the time fish are caught or harvested, and the time the final product is delivered to the customer. It also refers to the time when fish are caught in wild fisheries or harvested from aquaculture or fish farming.
Vinny Griffin

**Vinny Griffin** is a fictional character in the television comedy show _Family Guy_. Vinny replaces Brian after his death in the episode "Life of Brian". In the episode "Christmas Guy", Stewie meets another version of himself and steals his time pad. He goes back in time to save Brian, causing Stewie not to meet Vinny. Vinny has an Italian accent and is kind to the Griffins. He was last seen in "Christmas Guy". He was voiced by Tony Sirico.
Naver

**Naver** is a brand of South Korea’s Internet portal service.

Naver Corporation stated working since 1999 and it is considered as popular search portal in South Korea, which holds a market share of over 70% since 2011. “Naver” is a combination of the words “navigate” and the suffix, “-er”. It means ‘a human’ who navigate Internet. Also, it is similar to the English “neighbor”. Naver Corporation listed on KOSDAQ (Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) in September 2002 and transferred to KOSPI (Korea Composite Stock Price Index) in November 2008.

## History

Naver was launched in June 1999 by the Naver Corporation. In August 2000, Naver serviced the “Comprehensive Search”. In July 2000, Naver Corporation was merged with Hangame which is an online game portal. So they changed their name to NHN. It means “Next Human Network”. They still used the brand name of portal service, which is Naver. In 2002, Naver serviced “Knowledge Search”. This service had a great vogue among Korean Internet users. In 2005, Naver added a blog service. In August 2013, NHN was undergone split off Naver Corporation and NHN Entertainment (formerly ‘Hangame’). Since then, Naver Corporation has managed ‘Naver’.

## Services

Naver provides not only a search service but also various other services. The popular services are ‘Junior Naver’, which is a portal site aimed at children and ‘Happy Bean’, which is an online donation portal. Also Naver has acquired many Internet service companies. In 2006, Naver acquired a search company ‘1noon’. They acquired ‘me2day’, a micro blog website and ‘Wingbus’, a tour guide website in 2009. Also they established some subsidiary companies. In 2007, they established NHN Japan. It was changed to LINE Corporation in April 2013. Also they established ‘Camp Mobile’, the mobile exclusive affiliated company in March 2013.

## Other websites

- Naver.com
- Junior Naver
- Happy bean
- Hangame
- Line
- Naver Webtoon

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Naver
- **url**: <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.naver.com/ www.naver.com]</span>
- **commercial**: Yes
- **type**: Web portal
- **registration**: Optional
- **launch date**: June 1999
- **owner**: Naver Corporation
SkyTeam

**SkyTeam** is the world's second largest airline alliance. Its headquarters are on the grounds of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol near Amsterdam, Netherlands. SkyTeam was founded or established in 2000 by five airlines, Aeroméxico, Air France, Delta Air Lines, and Korean Air. It was the last of the three major airline alliances to be established after Star Alliance and Oneworld. Though it was the last of three airline alliances to be established it is second only behind Star Alliance by number of passengers and number of member airlines. As of December 2013, SkyTeam is made up of 19 airlines from five continents, and operates with the slogan _"Caring more about you"_.

SkyTeam flies to more than 1,000 destinations in 178 countries, and operates some 15,200 daily flights with a combined fleet of over 4,300 aircraft, including associate carriers. , the alliance and its members had a total workforce of 452,590; furthermore, it had 530 lounges worldwide to serve 569 million annual passengers.

## Members

|style="background:#000f89; color:white;"|Member airline|style="background:#000f89; color:white;"|Joined|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Aeroflot|style="text-align:center;"|||
|Aerolíneas Argentinas|align=center|||
|Aeroméxico|align=center|||
|Air Europa|align=center|||
|Air France|align=center|||
|ITA Airways|align=center|||
|China Airlines|align=center|||
|China Eastern Airlines|align=center|||
|Czech Airlines|align=center|||
|Delta Air Lines|align=center|||
|Kenya Airways|align=center|||
|KLM|align=center|||
|Korean Air|align=center|||
|Middle East Airlines|align=center|||
|Saudia|align=center|||
|TAROM|align=center|||
|Vietnam Airlines|style="text-align:center;"|||
|XiamenAir|align=center|||
Founding member.

## Past members

- Alitalia
- Continental Airlines
- Copa Airlines
- Northwest Airlines

## Other websites

- Official website of SkyTeam

## Infobox (airline alliance)

- **alliance**: SkyTeam
- **size**: 100px
- **full members**: 19
- **airports**: 1,150+
- **countries**: 175
- **annual passengers**: 630
- **fleet**: 3,054
- **alliance slogan**: Caring more about you
- **headquarters**:
Haarlemmermeer, Netherlands
Busbar

A **busbar** (or **bus bar**) is a strip of metal used to conduct electricity within an electrical substation, distribution board, electric switchboard or other electrical equipment. A busbar is usually a flat or hollow piece of copper, brass or aluminium. It allows heat to be released quickly because of its relatively large surface area.
Electric switchboard

An **electric switchboard** is an electrical device that directs electricity from one place to another. It is usually seen as an electrical panel in an enclosure, which contains switches for doing different things.

One of the most common differences for an electric switchboard is a series of differently connected electrical panels.  Each of the panels in turn has a line of switches that make it possible to control the flow of electricity.  Making use of the switches, it is possible to change the voltage that is sent to connected devices, making sure that the flow is not enough to cause damage to, or hurt, the circuitry.  From this viewpoint, the electric switchboard can be seen as a way of improving electronic safety in the use of different appliances, machinery, and other things.
Contactor

A **contactor** is an electric device to switch an electric circuit. It is controlled electrically for it to switch on or switch off the circuit. It has a relatively high current rating. The control circuit usually has much lower power level than the switched circuit.

## Related pages

- Relay
Motor soft starter

A **motor soft starter** is a device used in an electric motor to smooth out the starting of the motor. This is done by lowering the load, torque and current.
Tap changer

A **tap changer** is a component of a transformer. It controls the transformer's output voltage by adjusting its winding ratio within some range of step levels. The tap changer can be done manually or automatically and either when the transformer is energized (**On Load Tap Changer**; **OLTC**) or when it is off (**Off Circuit Tap Changer**; **OCTC**).
Variable-frequency drive

A **variable-frequency drive** (**VFD**) is a device used to control the speed and torque of an AC motor by changing the motor input frequency and voltage.

## Applications

VFDs are used for many things that range from small appliances to large mining motors and compressors.
Black start

**Black start** is the process to start up in a power station from zero, without the help of power from the grid connected to the station.

Usually, a power station uses its own set of electrical generator to start the plant. This is a diesel generator called the **Black start diesel generator** (**BSDG**). This powers up all electrical panels which control the station.
Ray Price

**Noble Ray Price** (January 12, 1926 – December 16, 2013) was an American country music singer, songwriter and guitarist. Some of his famous songs were  "Release Me", "Crazy Arms", "Heartaches by the Number", "For the Good Times", "Night Life", and "You're the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me". He was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1996 and—even into his late 80s—continued to record and tour.

Price died at his home in Mt. Pleasant, Texas on December 16, 2013 from pancreatic cancer.

## Related pages

- List of country musicians from Texas

## Other websites

- The "Ray Price Shuffle" with audio examples
- at the Country Music Hall of Fame
- Allmusic Ray Price with Biography, Discography, Charts

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: Ray_Price.jpg
- **name**: Ray Price
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Noble Ray Price
- **alias**: The Cherokee Cowboy
- **birth place**: Wood County, Texas, Perryville, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Mount Pleasant, Texas, U.S.
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **genre**: Country music, Country, Western swing, Traditional Pop
- **occupation**: Singing, Singer, songwriter, guitarist
- **years active**: 1948–2013
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia, Myrrh, ABC Records, ABC, Monument Records, Monument, Dimension, Viva, Step One Records, Step One
- **associated acts**: Johnny Bush, Merle Haggard, Rosetta Tharpe, Harlan Howard, George Jones, Roger Miller, Willie Nelson, Johnny Paycheck
Can't Hold Us

"**Can't Hold Us**" is a song by American rapper Macklemore and producer Ryan Lewis. It is from their album _The Heist_ (2012). The music video is nominated for Best Music Video at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards in 2014. It was released on August 16, 2011. The song also features actress Susannah Wetzel, who sings portions of the chorus alongside Ray Dalton.
Kowtow

**Kowtow**, which is borrowed from _koutou_ in Mandarin Chinese.  It is a traditional prostration common in Eastern Asia. It means kneeling and bowing one's head to the ground. Kowtow is used in showing respect to parents or gods, or as a form of punishment by the parents when one has done something wrong. In the Qing Dynasty of China, the main usage of kowtow was to show respect and loyalty to the king.

Nowadays, people seldom kowtow and bow to others instead. However, in some Chinese weddings, the couple kowtow to the parents. At some schools in Taiwan, students still have to kowtow to thank their teachers.
Switchboard

A **switchboard** is usually a set of switches. The word can refer to different things:

- Telephone switchboard, used to direct telephone calls
- Electric switchboard, used to direct electricity from one place to another
- Printed circuit board, a flat piece of material made for attaching electronic components
- Mixing console, used to combine, route and manipulate audio signals
Riders on the Storm

"**Riders on the Storm**" is a 1971 jazz and rock ballad from The Doors. This song has the sound of thunder and rain. It was on the album _L.A. Woman_. The song peaked at #14 on the Billboard Hot 100 and at #22 in the United Kingdom. It was recorded in autumn 1970.
Martin Rodbell

**Martin Rodbell** (December 1, 1925 – December 7, 1998) was an American Biochemist and molecular endocrinologist.

He is best known for discovering G proteins. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1994 for "discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.". He shared the prize with Alfred G. Gilman.

He died on December 7, 1998 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina from multiple organ failure.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Martin Rodbell
- **image**: Rodbell, Martin (1925-1998).jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Rodbell on the cover of Environmental Health Perspectives
- **birth name**: Martin Rodbell
- **birth place**: Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- **death place**: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- **occupation**: Biochemist
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **known for**: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995
discovery of G-proteins
Marie Dressler

**Leila Marie Koerber** (or **Marie Dressler**; November 9, 1868 - July 28, 1934) was a Canadian and American actress. She was born in Ontario. She acted in movies and on stage. Her movies include _Tillie's Punctured Romance_ (1914), _Min and Bill_ (1930). She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for _Min and Bill_.

Dressler died of cancer at age 65.
Callanish Stones

The **Callanish stones** ( or ) are near the village of **Callanish** (Gaelic: Calanais) on the west coast of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides (Western Isles of Scotland).

## Construction and description

The site was built between 2900 and 2600 BC, though there were possibly earlier buildings before 3000 BC. A tomb was later built into the site. The 13 primary stones form a circle about 13 m in diameter, with a long approach avenue of stones to the north, and shorter stone rows to the east, south, and west. The overall layout of the monument recalls a distorted Celtic cross. The individual stones vary from around 1 m to 5 m in height, with an average of 4 m, and are of the local Lewisian gneiss.

## Interpretation

The first written reference to the stones was by Lewis native John Morisone, who in c. 1680 wrote that "great stones standing up in ranks [...] were sett up in place for devotione".

The tallest of the stones marks the entrance to a burial cairn where human remains have been discovered. An excavation campaign in 1980 and 1981 showed that the burial chamber was a late addition to the site, and that it had been modified a number of times.
Reply 1997

***Reply 1997*** () is a Korean television series about two childhood friends, their friends, and family. The story moves back and forth between their past high school lives in 1997 as 18-year-olds, and their present high school reunion in 2012. It was aired on cable channel tvN from July 24 to September 18, 2012.

This cable drama depicts the place and time of the story in detail. The background of the television serial is Busan, so most of the conversations between the characters are spoken in Busan dialect. It recreates the lives of Koreans in the late 1990s. Shi-won, the main character, is a huge fan of H.O.T, one of the first generation idol groups. She represents the fan culture of those days. Also, the latest styles and electronic appliances (which are old-fashioned in the eyes of modern-day audiences) of the times are shown to add the sense of reality. Moreover, most pieces of the background music used in the scenes are the popular songs of the 1990s. As a result, viewers got nostalgic feelings and a sense of humor. _Reply 1997_ was influential in the rise of retro trend across the whole society.

The sensational attention to the cable drama resulted in average ratings of 7.55% in the last episode. The success led to the production of its spin-off _Reply 1994_, which was broadcast from October 18, 2013 on tvN.

## Cast

- Jung Eun-ji - as Sung Shi-won
- Seo In-guk - as Yoon Yoon-jae
- Hoya - as Kang Joon-hee
- Shin So-yul - as Mo Yoo-jung
- Eun Ji-won - as Do Hak-chan
- Lee Shi Un - as Bang Sung-jae
Korea Train eXpress

**Korea Train eXpress** (**KTX**) is South Korea's high-speed railway system, operated by Korail. According to "the Rules of High-Speed Railway Construction" in South Korea, high-speed railway is defined as a railway train that is traveling at a speed of 200 km/h or more in major section and it is designated and notified by Minister of Construction and Transportation.

The construction of high-speed railway began in June 30, 1992, and KTX services were launched on April 1, 2004, making South Korea the world's fifth country after Japan, France, Germany, Spain, and China to develop a high-speed train running above 300 km/h. The total length of railway is 410 km and it links Seoul and Pusan. The major stations between the two cities are Gwangmyeong, Cheonan, Asan, Daejeon, Daegu, Gyeongju, and Busan.

Top speed for trains in regular service is currently 305 km/h (190 mph), though the infrastructure is designed for 350 km/h (217 mph). The initial rolling stock was based on Alstom's TGV Reseau, and was partly built in Korea. The domestically developed HSR-350x, which achieved 352.4 km/h (219.0 mph) in tests, resulted in a second type of high-speed trains now operated by Korail, the KTX Sancheon. The next generation KTX train, HEMU-430X, achieved 421.4 km/h in 2013, making South Korea the world's fourth country after France, Japan and China to develop a high-speed train running on conventional rail above 420 km/h.

## History

Along with the Seoul-Busan axis in 1970s, more than half of the population and GDP of South Korea were concentrated, and 70% of freight traffic and 66% of passenger traffic were concentrated on this axis either, which cause traffic congestion. So, the government saw the pressing need for solution to this problem. The first proposal for a second Seoul-Busan railway line originated from France and Japan which already joined in Korean metropolitan subway business. After that, the Ministry of Territory and Transportation outsourced it research to KAIST, which was committed from 1978 to 1981. The study came to conclusion that building double track railway on Seoul-Busan line is needed and a high-speed passenger railway is advisable for a new railway. A plan for construction of high-speed railway on Seoul-Daejeon line was adopted in the 5th Korean Five Year Plan.

However, it took 10 years more to initiate the project of construction of high-speed railway. The public opinion was formed that several feasibility studies should be done because the project needed lots of money. Also, because of preparation for the Seoul Olympic in 1988, the government suffered from narrow resources. However, one of candidates for the presidency presented the High-speed railway project as election pledge, and the project began in earnest after he became president. In 1989, the institutions to manage its preparation were established: the Gyeongbu High Speed Electric Railway & New International Airport Committee, and the High Speed Electric Railway Planning Department. In 1991, the law for Korea High-Speed Railway Construction Authority was proclaimed, and the project started to be governed by the corporation.
Hur Jun (TV series)

**Hur Jun** is a biographical drama about Hur Jun, a doctor and author of _Dongui Bogam_. It was produced and broadcast by the South Korean TV channel MBC from 1999 to 2000. It got 63.5% viewer rating in Korea. Thanks to its success, the Korean traditional medicine industry developed. It was aired by Kurdsat in 2012. Thanks to the great success in Iraq, Jun Kwang-ryul, the actor of Hur Jun, visited Iraq.

## Story

This is a story of origin of Dongui Bogam and the author, a legendary royal doctor of Joseon Dynasty. Hur Jun was in a very low social position under Joseon law at the time. As a result, he suffered a tough life when he was young. He met Da-hee who was an upper class but a child of a traitor. She is only one since her father had died. Hur Jun made a decision to run away with her, though, they failed. Thus, the couple got married in exile.

They moved to Saneum where he met Yoo I- Tae, the best doctor in Jeosun. Thanks to the chance to meet him, Hur Jun got interested in Korean medicine. He eventually became Yoo’s pupil to study medicine. Increasing knowledge of medicine made him a better doctor. He met Ye-Jin who is an assistant of Dr. Yoo with a lot of knowledge of a medicine usage. They were getting interested in each other.

Through a stormy experience, he passed a test for the medical officer. Due to his low position and high level of medical skill, he got many rivals. However, he was steadily moving up the ranks in the Imperial Hospital. In 1601, Hur Jun finally published Dongui  Bogam a medical book with the help of royal doctors.

## Characters

**Hur Jun** - The main character of Hur Jun. He is a royal physician during reign of King Seonjo of Joseon Dynasty. in Korea. He wrote _Dongui Bogam_

**Yoo Ui Tae ** – a Doctor during of reign King Seonjo. He taught Hur Jun into a skillful doctor.

**Yoo Do Ji** – Yoo Ui Tae’s son and assistant. He and Hur Hun were rivals in life.

**Ye Jin** – Yoo Ui Tae’s assistant. She loves Hur Jun, thouh, The fact that Hur Jun had a wife deterred her from loving Hur Jun.
Gyrwas

**Gyrwas** (also called **Gyrwe**) was the name of an early Anglo-Saxon people. They lived mainly on the western edge of  the grassy wetlands called the Fens in eastern England. They were divided into two tribal groups; the northern Gyrwas and the southern Gyrwas. This is how they were recorded in the Tribal Hidage.

The name Gyrwe means 'fen-dweller'. The territory of the Gyrwas included Lindisfarne, Hatfield, Nottinghamshire, Northern Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, and as far south as Peterborough in Northamptonshire. The area around Jarrow was in their territory as well. The Fens supplied the Gyrwas with fish and gamebirds but they lived on the drier lands and islands nearby.

The Gyrwas had their own leaders as late as the first half of the 7th century. Bede records a Tondbert, _priceps_ of the South Gyrwas. He asked for the hand in marriage of Etheldreda, the daughter of King Anna of East Anglia. Tondbert died shortly after the wedding and Ethelreda was then given in marriage to Ecgfrith of Northumbria. Underkings and leaders of tribes like the Gyrwas probably did not claim descent from ancient Germanic gods, as many kings of the heptarchy did. But they were of high enough status to marry Anglo-Saxon royalty.

For a time the territory of the Gyrwas formed a buffer state between the Mercians and the East Anglians. The Gyrwas were later absorbed into Middle Anglia.
Linear regression

**Linear regression** is a way to look at how something changes when other things change using math. A linear regression uses a dependent variable and one or more explanatory variables to create a straight line. This straight line is known as a "line of regression".

Linear regression was the first of many ways of performing regression analysis. This is because models which depend linearly on their unknown parameters are easier to fit than models which are non-linearly related to their parameters.  Another advantage of linear regression is that the statistical properties of the resulting estimators are easier to determine.

Linear regression has many practical uses. Most applications fall into one of the following two broad categories:
- Linear regression can be used to fit a predictive model to a set of observed values (data). This is useful, if the goal is prediction, forecasting or reduction. After developing such a model, if an additional value of _X_ is then given without its accompanying value of _y_, the fitted model can be used to make a predicted value of _y_ (written as ).
- Given a variable _y_ and a number of variables _X_<sub>1</sub>, ..., _X_<sub>_p_</sub> that may be related to _y_, linear regression analysis can be applied to quantify the strength of the relationship between _y_ and the _X_<sub>_j_</sub>, to assess which _X_<sub>_j_</sub> has no relationship with _y_ at all, and to identify which subsets of the _X_<sub>_j_</sub> contain redundant information about _y_.

Linear regression models try to make the vertical distance between the line and the data points (that is, the residuals) as small as possible. This is called "fitting the line to the data." Often, linear regression models try to minimize the sum of the squares of the residuals (least squares), but other ways of fitting exist. They include minimizing the "lack of fit" in some other norm (as with least absolute deviations regression), or minimizing a penalized version of the least squares loss function as in ridge regression. The least squares approach can also be used to fit models that are not linear. As outlined above, the terms "least squares" and "linear model" are closely linked, but they are not synonyms.

### Economics

Linear regression is the main analytical tool in economics. For example, it is used to guess consumption spending, fixed investment spending, inventory investment, purchases of a country's exports, spending on imports, the demand to hold liquid assets, labor demand and labor supply.

## Related pages

- Curve fitting
- Logistic regression
- Ordinary least squares
Pope Boniface V

**Pope Boniface V** (??? – 25 October 625) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 23 December 619 until 25 October 625 when he died. He played a significant role in the Christianization of England. He enacted a decree that designated churches as places of refuge for criminals.

After over a year of vacancy, he replaced Pope Adeodatus I. He was described by Liber Pontificalis  as "the mildest of men", whose chief distinction was his great love for the clergy. He died on 25 October 625 and was buried in St. Peter's Basilica. He was succeeded by Pope Sisinnius.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: Pope Saint
- **name**: Boniface V
- **image**: Pope Boniface V.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **term start**: 23 December 619
- **term end**: 25 October 625
- **predecessor**: Pope Adeodatus I, Adeodatus I
- **successor**: Pope Honorius I, Honorius I
- **birth date**: ???
- **birth place**: Naples, Byzantine Empire
- **death date**: 25 October 625
- **death place**: ???
Zero tolerance

The term **zero tolerance** refers to automatic  punishment for even mild violations of certain rules. The policy forbids any consideration of how or why it happened.  It is mostly applied to minor offenses by homeless people, and the disorders associated with them. It is also sometimes used in schools, the military and businesses.

The first recorded use for the term was 1972, though it might have been used earlier. In certain schools, zero tolerance applies to any knife regardless of its type. Credible evidence, though, does not support zero tolerance rules having positive effects. In fact, suspensions may result in embarrassment to schools and students or even bad publicity. The policy has been criticized for violating Law Enforcement Codes.
Pacific plate

The **Pacific plate** is a tectonic plate beneath parts of the Pacific Ocean.

- It is the largest tectonic plate (_103 million square kilometers_)
- It includes the hot spot which formed the Hawaiian Islands

Note the Ring of Fire zones on the ocean's edges. The oldest seafloor is destroyed by going down into the Asian oceanic trenches. The oldest part disappearing this way is early Cretaceous (145 to 137 million years ago).

All maps of the Earth's ocean floor geology show ages younger than 145 million years. This is only about 1/30 of the Earth's 4.55 billion year history.
Millie Jackson

**Mildred "Millie" Jackson**  (born July 15, 1944) is an American R&B singer and songwriter. She released her first album in 1972. In 1974 Jackson was nominated for a Grammy Award. In 2000 she sung on some songs for the soundtrack of a French movie called _Comme un aimant_. In 2008 she played Claudette in a movie called _Soul Men_.

## Personal life

Jackson has a daughter called Keisha Jackson. She is also a singer.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Millie Jackson
- **image**: Millie Jackson.jpg
- **caption**: Millie Jackson in 2006
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Mildred Jackson
- **origin**: Thomson, Georgia, Thomson, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, United States
- **instrument**: Human voice, Vocals
- **genre**: Soul music, Soul, disco, rhythm and blues
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, comedienne
- **years active**: 1964–present
- **label**: MGM Records (1970–1972)
Spring Records (1973–1984)
Jive Records (1985–1993)
Ichiban Records (1993–1997)
Weird Wreckuds (2000–present)
- **associated acts**: Isaac Hayes, Betty Wright, Keisha Jackson, Joi (singer), Joi, Facts of Life (band), Facts of Life
- **website**: http://www.weirdwreckuds.com/
http://aj-productions.com/
Her

***Her*** is a 2013 science fiction romance drama movie set in Los Angeles. The movie was released just before Christmas 2013 in certain United States areas and January 2014 with wide release.

It is about a man that gets obsessed with a female voice from a computer system. Joaquin Phoenix plays the man and Scarlett Johansson plays Samantha, the female artificial intelligence voice. Olivia Wilde plays a blind date.
!!!

**!!!** is a dance band. Their name is usually said as **'Chk Chk Chk**'. It can not be searched for on Google unless it is written like that. They started in 1996 in Sacramento, California. They have released five albums. Nic Offer is the singer. !!!'s fifth album, _THR!!!ER_, was released on April 29 2013.

## History

The band's first album _'!!!_ was released in 2001 on Gold Standard Laboratories.

## Other websites

- Official website
TV Tropes

**TV Tropes**, also called **Television Tropes and Idioms**, is a wiki that collects tropes seen in movies, television shows, video games, books, and other media. It started in 2004. It originally covered only television and movie tropes, but has since added other media such as books, comics, advertisements, and toys. Unlike other wikis such as Wikipedia, it covers tropes in a casual and funny way.

## Content

TV Tropes started by focusing on the television series _Buffy the Vampire Slayer_. It has since added other television series, movies, books, plays, professional wrestling, video games, anime, manga, comic strips, and books, fan fiction, and other subjects, including Internet works such as Wikipedia, which is called "The Other Wiki" on the website. It also describes topics such as science, philosophy, politics, and history under its Useful Notes section.

The site has pages on series and tropes. A page on a work has a summary of what the work is about, as well as the tropes that are seen in the work. Trope pages are the opposite of articles on works: after describing the trope, it lists the trope's appearances in different media. For example, the page for the antihero trope has a list of works that have different types of antiheroes.

Trope pages are created through a system called "Trope Launch Pad" (originally called "You know that thing where ... "), TLP, where other users, who are called "tropers", can give examples or suggest ideas to make the page better. This was originally just a suggestion to help the page improve before launching, but as of 2016, all new trope pages go through TLP before creation.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: TV Tropes
- **url**: http://tvtropes.org/
- **commercial**: Ad-supported
- **type**: Wiki
- **language**: English language, English, German language, German (translation occurring slowly in French language, French, Spanish language, Spanish, Portuguese language, Portuguese, Dutch language, Dutch, Norwegian language, Norwegian, Finnish language, Finnish, Danish language, Danish, Swedish language, Swedish, Italian language, Italian, Esperanto, and Quenya, among others)
- **registration**: Required to edit
- **launch date**: April 2004
- **current status**: Active
Ryan Callahan

**Ryan Callahan** (born March 21, 1985 in Rochester, New York) is an American professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Career

He started his hockey career in the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League. He played 3 games with the Syracuse Jr. Crunch and 1 seasons with the Buffalo Lightning. He also played in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) with the Guelph Storm for 4 seasons. He was drafted by the New York Rangers with the 127th overall pick in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He played one season with the Hartford Wolf Pack of the American Hockey League (AHL) before being called up to the Ranger's main roster. On September 12, 2011, Callahan was named the captain of the Rangers.

On March 5, 2014, the Rangers traded Callahan along with a 2015 first-round draft pick, and a conditional 2014 second-round pick to the Tampa Bay Lightning for Tampa Bay captain Martin St. Louis.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Ryan Callahan
- **image**: Ryan Callahan 2 2014-03-22.jpg
- **caption**: Callahan with the Lightning in 2014
- **image size**: 220px
- **team**: Tampa Bay Lightning
- **former teams**: New York Rangers
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 185
- **ntl team**: United States
- **birth place**: Rochester, New York, Rochester, New York (state), NY
- **draft**: 127th overall
- **draft year**: 2004
- **draft team**: New York Rangers
- **career start**: 2006
Biphobia

**Biphobia** is the fear of or bad treatment of bisexual people. Biphobia is different from homophobia. Members of the LGBTQIA+ community can be biphobic as well as cisgender heterosexual people can be biphobic. Bisexual people may feel like their sexual orientation is less real than that of a monosexual (person who is attracted to one gender). Biphobia has also been interpreted by psychiatrists to mean the fear of BIPH, a prison system. This is internalized biphobia.

## Stereotypes

A biphobic stereotype is that bisexual people have more sex than monosexual people. Some people associate bisexuality with polyamory. Bisexual women may be called nymphomaniacs. Another belief is that bisexuality does not exist. Some people think that bisexual people are heterosexual or homosexual people who are confused.

## Discrimination

In May 2013 the results of the European Union lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender survey were released. They found that bisexual people are discriminated against at work more than gay men.
Goldfrapp

**Goldfrapp** is an English  electronic music duo, Alison Goldfrapp and Will Gregory. They found in 1999. They have released six studio albums. In 2005 their single "Ooh La La" reached number four in the UK Singles Chart.

## Career

In 1999 Goldfrapp were signed to Mute Records. In 2000 they released their first album _Felt Mountain_. Pitchfork gave the album a score of 8 out of 10. It reached number 57 in the UK Albums Chart. In 2003 Goldfrapp's second album _Black Cherry_ was released. It entered the UK Albums Chart at number 19. In 2005 their third album _Supernature_ was released. The album went straight to number two in the UK. It was nominated for Best Electronic/Dance Album at the 2007 Grammy Awards. In Februar 2012 Goldfrapp released _The Singles_. The album has twelve of Goldfrapp's singles from earlier albums and two new songs. In 2014 Goldfrapp will nine concerts in the UK.

They have been on hiatus since 2022.

## Discography

- _Felt Mountain_ (2000)
- _Black Cherry_ (2003)
- _Supernature_ (2005)
- _Seventh Tree_ (2008)
- _Head First_ (2010)
- _Tales of Us_ (2013)
- _Silver Eye_ (2017)

## Infobox (infobox)

- **child**: yes
- **header**: Logo
- **headerstyle**: background:#b0c4de
- **data1**:


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Goldfrapp
- **image**: GoldfrappPonders.jpg
- **caption**: Alison Goldfrapp performing live in Cambridge, 2005
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: London, England
- **years active**: 1999–2022 (on hiatus)
- **past members**: * Alison Goldfrapp
* Will Gregory
Oneworld

**Oneworld** (marketed as **one**world) is an airline alliance. It was founded in 1999. As of October 2017, Oneworld is the third-largest global alliance. It carried more than 527.9 million passengers, behind SkyTeam (630 million) and Star Alliance (762 million). Its headquarters are in New York City, United States. Its slogan is, _"An alliance of the world's leading airlines working as one."_

## Members

|style="width:160px;"|Member airline|style="width:50px;"|Joined|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|American Airlines|align=center|||
||31 March 2021|||
|British Airways|align=center|||
|Cathay Pacific|align=center|||
|Finnair|align=center|||
|Iberia|align=center|||
|Japan Airlines|align=center|||
|LAN Airlines|align=center|||
|Malaysia Airlines|align=center|||
|Mexicana de Aviacion|align=center|||
|Qantas|align=center|||
|Qatar Airways|align=center|||
|Royal Jordanian|align=center|||
|S7 Airlines|align=center|||
|SriLankan Airlines|align=center|||

Founding member

Inactive member since August 2010.

## Past members

- Aer Lingus
- Canadian Airlines
- MALÉV Hungarian Airlines
- US Airways

## Infobox (airline alliance)

- **alliance**: Oneworld
- **logo**: oneworld logo.svg
- **size**: 100
- **full members**: 14
- **sponsored members**: 15 affiliates
- **airports**: 1,012
- **countries**: 170
- **fleet**: 3,296
- **annual passengers**: 490
- **key people**:
Rob Gurney (CEO)
- **alliance slogan**: _Travel Bright_
- **headquarters**: New York City, New York, New York, USA
Nouri al-Maliki

**Nouri Kamil Mohammed Hasan al-Maliki** (born 20 June 1950) is an Iraqi politician. He was the Prime minister of Iraq from May 2006 to August 2014. His predecessor was Ibrahim al-Jaafari.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Nouri al-Maliki
 <small>نوري المالكي</small>
- **birth name**: Nouri Kamil Mohammed Hasan al-Maliki
- **image**: Nouri al-Maliki with Bush, June 2006, cropped.jpg
- **office**: 74th Prime Minister of Iraq
- **president**: Jalal Talabani
Fuad Masum
- **term start**: 20 May 2006
- **term end**: 12 Aug 2014
- **predecessor**: Ibrahim al-Jaafari
- **successor**: Haider Al-Abadi
- **office2**: Ministry of Interior (Iraq), Minister of the Interior
<small>Acting</small>
- **term start2**: 21 December 2010
- **predecessor2**: Jawad al-Bulani
- **term start3**: 20 May 2006
- **term end3**: 8 June 2006
- **predecessor3**: Baqir Jabr al-Zubeidi
- **successor3**: Jawad al-Bulani
- **office4**: Ministry of Defence (Iraq), Minister of Defence
<small>Acting</small>
- **term start4**: 21 December 2010
- **term end4**: 17 August 2011
- **predecessor4**: Qadir Obeidi
- **successor4**: Saadoun al-Dulaimi
- **office5**: Minister of National Security Affairs
<small>Acting</small>
- **term start5**: 21 December 2010
- **predecessor5**: Shirwan al-Waili
- **office6**: Leader of the Islamic Dawa Party
- **term start6**: 1 May 2007
- **predecessor6**: Ibrahim al-Jaafari
- **birth place**: Hindiya, Kingdom of Iraq, Iraq
- **nationality**: Iraqi people, Iraqi
- **party**: Islamic Dawa Party
State of Law Coalition
- **spouse**: Faleeha Khalil
- **children**: 4
- **alma mater**: Usul al-Din College
University of Baghdad
Living with Michael Jackson

***Living with Michael Jackson*** is a two-hour-long television movie about the American pop star Michael Jackson. In it, a British journalist called Martin Bashir asked Jackson questions. The movie was made between May 2002 and January 2003. It was shown first in the United Kingdom on 3 February 2003 on ITV. More than 15 million people watched it. It was shown in the United States on 6 February 2003 on ABC. 38 million people watched it.

_Living with Michael Jackson_ starts at Jackson's Neverland Ranch. They go to the Giving Tree. This is a tree where Jackson got inspiration for his songs. There was a confidentiality agreement. This meant that Jackson did not talk about the 1993 child molestation allegations against him in the movie.
In the programme Jackson told Bashir that he had "slept in a bed with many children". He said that this was a "beautiful thing" and was not sexual. He held hands with a 12-year-old boy. Martin Bashir said that Neverland Ranch was a "dangerous place for children". After the programme was shown Thomas W. Sneddon started a criminal investigation about Jackson. Gavin Arvizo, the boy who Jackson held hands with in the movie, said that Jackson hebephilically molested him when he was 13 years old, after the documentary was on television. In 2005 the _People v. Jackson_ trial began. After four months Jackson was found not guilty of all 10 charges.

On 23 February 2003 _The Michael Jackson Interview: The Footage You Were Never Meant to See_ was shown on Fox. In it there were interviews with people who were not in _Living with Michael Jackson_. These included Jackson's ex-wife Debbie Rowe. In the video Bashir also said that he thinks it is wonderful that Jackson allows children to come to Neverland.

Jackson's lawyers wrote to the Independent Television Commission and the Broadcasting Standards Commission saying that he was "unfairly treated".

## Other websites

- YouTube link to the documentary
Bío Bío River

The **Biobío River** (also known as **Bío Bío** or **Bio-Bio**) is a river in Chile. It is the second largest river in Chile. The river starts at Icalma and Galletué in the Andes, Araucanía Region. The river flows 380 km to the Gulf of Arauco on the Pacific Ocean.

## Other websites

- EVALUACION DE LOS RECURSOS HIDRICOS SUPERFICIALES EN LA CUENCA DEL RIO BIO BIO (Source)

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Biobío River
- **image**: Mapa río Biobío.png
- **image caption**: Map
- **source1 location**: Galletué Lagoon and Icalma Lake
- **mouth**: Gulf of Arauco, Pacific Ocean
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Chile
- **length**: 380 km
- **source1 elevation**: 1,160 m
- **discharge1 avg**: 899 m³/s
- **basin size**: 24,264 km²
Radical feminism

**Radical feminism** is a type of feminism. Radical feminists are sometimes called 'radfems'. Famous radical feminists include Andrea Dworkin, Catharine MacKinnon, and Alice Walker. Radical feminists say that society is a patriarchy. In patriarchy, men have more social power than women. Men harm women by oppressing them. Liberal feminists want to be equal to men. Radical feminists realise that they can never gain equality without getting rid of patriarchy entirely. This is so that women will not be oppressed. This is different than Marxist feminists, who think that women's oppression is caused by economic conflict, not patriarchy. Radical feminism says that BDSM, and gender roles should not exist, because they are part of the patriarchy. Radical feminists do not believe in buying and selling sex acts, which is called prostitution. Radical feminists also believe in ending rape and domestic violence.

## History

In 1967 a group called New York Radical Women was started by Carol Hanisch, Shulamith Firestone and Robin Morgan. They were a group of who were unhappy with being ignored by civil rights and antiwar groups that were led by men.

In September 1968 they did a protest at the Miss America Pageant in Atlantic City, New Jersey. They put symbols of female oppression including bras, copies of _Playboy_ magazine, and girdles in a trash can.

In 1969 New York Radical Women broke up. A new radical feminist group called Redstockings was started in 1969 by Ellen Willis and Shulamith Firestone.

In the 1980s the Feminist Sex Wars happened. The Feminist Sex Wars were fights between radical feminists who said that porn, sex work, and BDSM are bad, and sex positive liberal feminists, who said that those things can be feminist. Radical feminism is associated with the second wave of feminism. This ended in the 1990s. Since then radical feminism has been less popular. The third wave of feminism is liberal. Some of the women who started radical feminism have died. However, radical feminism still has influence. In 2012 a book by Julia Long, _Anti-Porn: The Resurgence of Anti-Pornography Feminism_ was published.

## Criticism

Radical feminism has been criticized for being anti-sex. An example of this is the work of Andrea Dworkin. Andrea Dworkin published a book in 1987 called _Intercourse_. In the book she wrote about how heterosexual sex and pornography is oppressive to women. It is often thought that _Intercourse_ argues that "all heterosexual sex is rape" even though Andrea Dworkin did not say this. Dworkin wrote two books against pornography, _Pornography - Men Possessing Women_ and _Pornography and Civil Rights: A New Day for Women's Equality_.

Radical feminists have been criticized by sex workers who do not want to lose their jobs. Sex workers may disagree with radical feminists who say that if you are paid to have sex then it is rape. Anti sex work radical feminists are sometimes called SWERFs (Sex Work Exclusionary Radical Feminists).