juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Apple Campus

The **Apple Campus** was the main headquarters of Apple Inc. from 1993 to 2017. It was then replaced by Apple Park but is still used by Apple for offices and labs. The campus is in Cupertino, California, USA. It looks like a university with buildings around green spaces. Apple has another big campus in Silicon Valley called Apple Campus 3.

Apple’s first headquarters was at Building 1 on Mariani Ave in Cupertino. The new campus was built on land that was used by Four-Phase Systems. The campus has an area of . It was built in 1992 and finished in 1993. Before 1997, the campus was only used for research and development. When Steve Jobs came back to Apple in 1997, he made changes to the campus. More buildings were used and activities not related to research and development were moved to buildings on Infinite Loop.

In August 2008, there was a fire in the building Valley Green 6. Firefighters worked all night to put out the fire. No one was hurt but the building had $2 million of damage.

The Apple Campus is at the corner of Interstate 280 and De Anza Boulevard. It has six buildings on four floors and covers 32 acres.

## Infobox (factory)

- **name**: Apple Campus
- **image**: Apple Infinite Loop Aerial.jpg
- **caption**: Apple's Infinite Loop campus in 2023
- **built**: 1993
- **location**: Cupertino, California, U.S.
- **architect**: Sobrato Development Company
- **address**: 1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014
David Wiese

**David Wiese** (born 18 May 1985 in Roodepoort, Transvaal Province, South Africa) is a South African cricketer who has played in 15 One Day Internationals for South Africa. He has also played in 39 Twenty20 Internationals, including five for Namibia.
Praise a Lord Who Chews but Which Does Not Consume; (Or Simply, Hot Between Worlds)

***Praise a Lord Who Chews but Which Does Not Consume; (Or Simply, Hot Between Worlds)*** is the fifth studio album by Yves Tumor. Yves Tumor is an American experimental music maker. The album was released on March 17, 2023. It was released by Warp Records.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Praise a Lord Who Chews but Which Does Not Consume; (Or Simply, Hot Between Worlds)
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Yves Tumor
- **genre**: *rock music, Rock
*Alternative pop
- **length**: 37:29
- **label**: Warp (record label), Warp
- **producer**: * Yves Tumor, Sean Lee Bowie
* Noah Goldstein
* Simon Christensen
* Elliott Kozel
* Dylan Wiggins
1966–67 Austrian Cup

The **1966–67 Austrian Cup** was  Austria's nationwide football cup competition.  Admira Energie were the defending champions. In the first round, the first league clubs had to play away. In the event of a draw, overtime + replay, in the event of a draw in the replay, overtime + drawing of lots. This time the cup was decided by drawing of lots for Austria Wien after the two finalists (Austria Wien, Linzer ASK) had scored a goal tie in the final after the two-legged game

## Round of 32

First round with teams from the first and second league.

**Replay match:**

## Quarter-finals

**Replay match:**

## Final first leg

- **Linzer ASK:**
Wilhelm Harreither - Heribert Trubrig - Manfred Pichler - Manfred Leitner - Franz Viehböck - Carlos Lima - Gerhard Sturmberger - Luka Liposinovic - Helmut Köglberger - Janos Kondert - Alfons Wurdinger
 coach: Frantisek Bufka

- **FK Austria Wien:**
Arkoc Özcan - Heinz Nowy - Johann Frank - Karl Fröhlich - Walter Hiesel - Alfons Dirnberger - Thomas Parits - Hans Buzek - Josef Hickersberger - Johann Geyer - Ernst Fiala
coach: Ernst Ocwirk

## Final second leg

- **FK Austria Wien:**
Arkoc Özcan - Heinz Nowy - Johann Frank - Karl Fröhlich - Walter Hiesel - Alfons Dirnberger - Thomas Parits - Hans Buzek - Josef Hickersberger - Jacare - Ernst Fiala
coach: Ernst Ocwirk

- **Linzer ASK:**
Wilhelm Harreither - Heribert Trubrig - Manfred Pichler - Siegfried Hintringer - Franz Viehböck - Carlos Lima - Gerhard Sturmberger - Luka Liposinovic - Helmut Köglberger - Janos Kondert - Alfons Wurdinger
 coach: Frantisek Bufka

## Top goalscorers

|Rank|Player|Club|Goals|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|align="left"|Helmut Köglberger|align="left"|LASK|6|
|2|align="left"|Johann Kondert|align="left"|LASK|5|
|3|align="left"|Heinz Marik|align="left"|First Vienna FC|4|
Ministry of Home Affairs (Nepal)

**Ministry of Home Affairs Nepal** () is the governmental body of Nepal mainly responsible for delivering critical services to the citizens and maintain security in the nation. After the Supreme Court annulled Rabi Lamichhane's citizenship certificate, the incumbent prime minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal is serving as the current minister of home affairs.

## Organisational structure

The Ministry of Home consists of the following seven Departments:
- District Administration Office
- Immigration Department
- Prison Management Department
- Police Record Management Department
- National ID and Registration Department
- Armed Police Force
- Nepal Police

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: Ministry of Home Affairs
- **seal**: Emblem of Nepal (alternative).svg
- **seal caption**: Emblem of Nepal
- **jurisdiction**: Government of Nepal
- **motto**: Peace and security in the nation and homely services to citizen
- **minister1 name**: Narayan Kaji Shrestha
- **chief1 name**: Kapil Sharma Adhikari
- **chief1 position**: Home Secretary
A1 Srbija

The **A1 Srbija** is a Serbian telecommunication company owned by A1 Telekom Austria Group. As of 2020, it is the third largest mobile telephony operator with market share of 25.67%.

## History

On December 1, 2006, Telekom Austria bought the third mobile phone license in Serbia for GSM 900/1800 and UMTS networks by paying €320 million.

Seeing the potential in Serbia's telecom market, Telekom Austria planned to invest up to €570 million in its first four years, including the €320 million spent on the license. This made the company to the largest Greenfield investment in Serbia at the time. In 2008, the company became the main sponsor of Serbia's national volleyball team.

In 2015, A1's financial report showed €206.8 million in revenue. With 2.1 million customers, it had a 22.5% market share.

## Network Information

The IMSI - Network Code of A1 is 220-05 and MSISDN Network Codes are **060** (international: +381 60), **061** (international: +381 61) and **068** (international: +381 68).

## Network technology

- 2G (GSM, GPRS, EDGE up to 250 kbit/s) on 900 MHz and 1800 MHz
- 3G (HSPA+ up to 42 Mbit/s) on 900 MHz and 2100 MHz
- 4G (LTE up to 225 Mbit/s) on 800 and 1800 MHz

## Related pages

- A1 Telekom Austria Group

## Other websites

- Telecommunications Market of Serbia for 2016  at ratel.rs

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: A1 Srbija
- **logo**: A1_red_logo.png
- **logo size**: 100px
- **native name**: A1 Srbija
- **native name lang**: srb
- **type**: Private limited company
- **industry**: Telecommunication, Telecommunications
- **location city**: Belgrade
- **location country**: Serbia
- **area served**: Serbia
- **key people**: Alexander Armstrong
Jasmine Bartholomew
Arabella Duffy
Poppie Boyes
Ollie Chequer
Duke Davis
Bella Green
Sander Jones
Alfie Sanderson
Leo Templer
Dexter Varrell
- **products**: Mobile phone, Mobile telephony
- **revenue**: €315.3 million
- **operating income**: €49.2 million
- **net income**: €40.3 million
- **assets**: €462.5 million
- **num employees**: 1,456
- **parent**: A1 Telekom Austria Group
Minister of Foreign Affairs (Nepal)

The **Minister for Foreign Affairs** (, or simply, the **Foreign Minister**) is the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of Nepal. One of the senior-most offices in the federal cabinet, the chief responsibility of the foreign minister is to represent Nepal and its government in the international community. The Foreign Minister also plays an important role in determining and implementing Nepal's foreign policy.

## List of ministers

This is a list of Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Nepal.

||Name|Portrait|Term of office|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1948|||
||1948–1951|||
||1951–1952|||
||1952–1953|||
||1953–1954|||
||1954–1955|||
||1955–1956|||
||1956–1957|||
||1957|||
||1958–1959|||
||1959–1960|||
||1960–1962|||
||1962|||
||1962–1963|||
||1963–1968|||
||1968–1971|||
||1971–1972|||
||1972–1975|||
||1975–1979|||
||1979|||
||1979–1981|||
||1981–1982|||
||1982–1985|||
||1985–1986|||
||1986–1990|||
||1990|||
||1990|||
||1990–1991|||
||1991–1994|||
||1994–1995|||
||1995–1997|||
||1997|||
||1997|||
||1997–1998|||
||1998–1999|||
||1999|||
||1999–2000|||
||2000–2001|||
||2001–2002|||
||2002–2003|||
||2003–2004|||
||2004|||
||2004–2005|||
||2005–2006|||
||2006–2007|||
||2007–2008|||
||2008–2009|||
||2009–2011|||
||2011|||
||2011–2012|||
||2012|||
||2012–2013|||
||2013–2014|||
||2014–2015|||
||2015–2016|||
||2016–2017|||
||2017|||
||2017–2018|||
||2018–2021|||
||2021|||
||2021|||
||2021|||
||2021–2022|||
||2023–2023|||
||2023–2023|||
||16 April 2023–6 March 2024|||
||6 March 2024–15 July 2024|||
||15 July 2024–12 September 2025|||
||12 September 2025–Present|||

## Other websites

- Official Website of Ministry of Foreign Affairs

## Infobox (official post)

- **insignia**: Emblem of Nepal (alternative).svg
- **insigniasize**: 150px
- **insigniacaption**: Emblem of Nepal
- **incumbent**: Arzu Rana Deuba
- **incumbentsince**: 15 July 2024
- **department**: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Nepal), Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- **style**: Honourable
- **member of**: Council of Ministers of Nepal, Council of Ministers
- **reports to**: Prime Minister of Nepal, Prime Minister, Federal Parliament of Nepal, Parliament
- **seat**: Kathmandu, Nepal
- **nominator**: Prime Minister of Nepal, Prime Minister
- **appointer**: President of Nepal, President
- **termlength**: No fixed term
- **first**: Mohan Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana
Rising Sun (movie)

***Rising Sun*** is a 1993 American action mystery thriller movie directed by Philip Kaufman and was based on the 1992 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton. It stars Wesley Snipes, Harvey Keitel, Sean Connery, Mako, Keith Anderson, Ray Wise, Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Tia Carrere, Peter Crombie, Steve Buscemi, Amy Hill, Matt LeBlanc, Alexandra Powers, Tylyn John and Clyde Kusatsu. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Galactic year

The **galactic year**, also known as a **cosmic year**, is the length of time needed for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. One galactic year is 230 million Earth years.  The Solar System is traveling at an average speed of 230 km/s (828,000 km/h) within its arc-like path around the galactic center, a speed at which an object could travel around the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that speed goes along with about 1/1300 of the speed of light.

The galactic year provides a conveniently usable unit for showing cosmic and geological time periods together. Very differently, a "billion-year" scale does not allow for useful difference between geologic events, and a "million-year" scale needs some rather large numbers.
Space Age Love Song

"**Space Age Love Song**" is a 1982 song by British new wave band A Flock of Seagulls and is the fourth single from their debut studio album _A Flock of Seagulls_. It made the top 40 in the United States, the United Kingdom and New Zealand. It was used in the 1991 movie _Career Opportunities_.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Space Age Love Song
- **type**: single
- **artist**: A Flock of Seagulls
- **album**: A Flock of Seagulls (album), A Flock of Seagulls
- **recorded**: 1981
- **studio**: Battery Studios, London
- **genre**: *Synth-pop
*new wave music, new wave
- **length**: 3:45
- **producer**: Mike Howlett
- **prev title**: I Ran (So Far Away)
- **prev year**: 1982
- **next title**: Wishing (If I Had a Photograph of You)
- **next year**: 1982
Case-sensitive

If something is **case-sensitive** uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as two different things.  This has become common since computerisation. But it is not always true.   Passwords are generally case-sensitive, but emai<nowiki/>l addresses are not.  url<nowiki/>s are usually case-senstive but search engines may not be.
Abell S740

The **Abell S740** is a cluster of galaxies. It is cataloged in the Abell catalogue of southern rich clusters of galaxies. It is over 450 million light years away in the constellation Centaurus. It also contains the giant elliptical galaxy ESO 325-G004, the giant elliptical galaxy is also the brightest galaxy in the cluster. It has a redshift of 10,073 km/s.
Sculptor Group

The **Sculptor Group** is a loose group of galaxies. It is visible near the south galactic pole.  The group is one of the nearest groups of galaxies to the Local Group; the distance to the center of the Sculptor Group from the Milky Way is about 12.7 million light years.

The Sculptor Galaxy (NGC 253) and a few other galaxies form a gravitationally-bound core in the center of this group.  A few other galaxies at the edges may be connected with the group but may not be gravitationally bound.  Because most of the galaxies in this group are actually weakly gravitationally bound, the group may also be described as a filament. It is believed to be at an early stage of evolution in which galaxies are still falling into the group along filamentary structures.
Astrakhan Tatars

The Astrakhan Tatars (Tatar: Əsterxan tatarları, Әsterhan tatarlary) are a Muslim Tatars population of about 80,000 people in the Astrakhan Oblast, Russia.

They are descended from the nomadic Kypchaks, Volga Bulgarians and Khazars. After the breakup of the Golden Horde, they founded the Khanate of Astrakhan (1459-1556) on the Lower Volga. The related Nogai also lived here, by whom they were strongly influenced. The Volga Bulgarians also had trading settlements in the area, and the so-called Agryzjan Tatars, were the Muslim descendants of 51 Indian Hindu traders from India, who settled in Astrakhan in 1649 and married local Muslim Astrakhan Tatar women.
The families lived in the Agryzjan suburb in Astrakhan and the descendants were named after this suburb.

Since the 17th century there was an increasing influence of the also Muslim Volga Tatars, who lived in the middle course of the river.

During the Soviet period, the Astrakhan Tatars were counted among the Volga Tatars. In the 2010 census, most simply listed themselves as "Tatars". A large number of Volga Tatars also live in the oblast, and the differences between them are gradually disappearing.

Astrakhan Tatar is a mixed dialect. Around 43,000 speakers have assimilated to the much more widely spoken Kazan Tatar language.

## Sources

- DM Iskhakov Astrakhan Tatars, ethnic settlement and population dynamics in the XVIII - beginning of XX century. / / Astrakhan Tatars. - Kazan, 1992. - S. 5-33.
- The Tartars. The people of Russia. Encyclopedia. - M., 1994. - S. 320–321.

## References

- First site Astrakhan Tatars
Icosidodecahedron

An **icosidodecahedron** is a polyhedron (a three-dimensional shape) with 20 (_icosi_) triangular faces and 12 (_dodeca_) pentagonal faces. An icosidodecahedron has 30 identical vertices, with two triangles and two pentagons meeting at each, and 60 identical edges, each separating a triangle from a pentagon. As such it is one of the Archimedean solids and more especially, a quasiregular polyhedron.
Xu Jilin

**Xu Jilin** (born 1957; ) is a Chinese historian. He is a professor of history at East China Normal University, and specializes in 20th century Chinese intellectual history.

## Life

Born in 1957 in Shanghai, Xu Jilin studied policy at East China Normal University. From 1997 to 2003, Xu Jilin was a visiting professor and visiting scholar at the Harvard–Yenching Institute, the National University of Singapore, and the University of Tokyo. In 2003, he returned to the East China Normal University where he continued his career.

Xu Jilin serves on the editorial board of the journal _Twenty-First Century Bimonthly_, published by Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Haldibari Rural Municipality

**Haldibari** () is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of seven rural municipality in Jhapa District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. There are a total of 15 municipalities in Jhapa in which 8 are urban and 7 are rural. According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Haldibari has an area of **** and the total population of the municipality is **29,223** as of Census of Nepal 2011.
Bhadrapur Municipality

**Bhadrapur** ()  is a town and municipality in Jhapa District in the Koshi Pradesh of southeastern Nepal. It lies on the banks of the Mechi River, and shares borders with Bihar state, India on the south and West Bengal state on the north. There is a border crossing with a customs office for goods. Galgalia village in Kishanganj district borders with Bhadrapur.

## Industries

Bhadrapur is home to Momento Apparels, which was one of Nepal's largest exporters of ready-made garments. The factory has been forced out of operation since 2012. In its heyday, the factory had a workforce of 2,000, and supplied ready-made garments to the US (including retail outlets such as Walmart and JCPenney) and several European countries.

## Transport

Bhadrapur Airport is served by Nepal Airlines, Saurya Airlines, Shree Airlines, Yeti Airlines and Buddha Air with daily flights. Nepal Airlines flies 3 times a week, the others have daily flights. The first flight to Kathmandu is at 06:30am and the last flight is 9:00 pm.

## Related pages

- List of mayors of municipalities in Koshi Province
- List of chairpersons of rural municipalities in Koshi Province
Jhapa Rural Municipality

**Jhapa** () is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of seven rural municipalities in Jhapa District of Koshi Province of Nepal. There are 15 municipalities in Jhapa. Eight are urban and 7 are rural.

According to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Developme Jhapa has an area of  and the total population of the municipality is 34601 as of Census of Nepal 2011.
Buddhashanti Rural Municipality

**Buddhashanti** () is a rural municipality (gaunpalika) out of seven rural municipality located in Jhapa District of Koshi Province of Nepal. There are a total of 15 municipalities in Jhapa in which 8 are urban and 7 are rural.
Buddhashanti, according to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development  has an area of  and the total population of the municipality is 41,615 as of Census of Nepal 2011.

## Related pages

- List of mayors of municipalities in Koshi Province
- List of chairpersons of rural municipalities in Koshi Province
Pushpa Raj Pokharel

**Pushpa Raj Pokharel** is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (UML). He is a former Member of Parliament and a former Mayor of Bhadrapur.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Pushpa Raj Pokharel
- **native name**: पुष्पराज पोखरेल
- **office**: Mayor of Bhadrapur.
- **term start**: 1997
- **term end**: 1996
- **office1**: Members of House of Representatives (Nepal), House of Representatives
- **term start1**: 1994
- **term end1**: 1999
- **constituency1**: Jhapa 1 (constituency), Jhapa 1
- **predecessor1**: Krishna Prasad Sitaula
- **successor1**: Krishna Prasad Sitaula
- **party**: Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
- **nationality**: Nepali
Dharma Prasad Ghimire

**Dharma Prasad Ghimire** () is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal. In the 2008 Constituent Assembly election he was elected from the Jhapa 1 constituency, winning   	15276 votes.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Dharma Prasad Ghimire
- **native name**: धर्म प्रसाद घिमिरे
- **office**: Member of House of Representatives (Nepal)
- **term start**: 2008
- **term end**: 2013
- **predecessor**: Krishna Prasad Sitaula
- **successor**:  Rabin Koirala
- **constituency**: Jhapa 1 (constituency), Jhapa 1
- **party**: Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre), Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
- **nationality**: Nepali
Rabin Koirala

**Rabin Koirala** is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the CPN (UML). He is a former Member of Parliament, elected in 2013, and a former Mayor of Mechinagar.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rabin Koirala
- **native name**: रविन कोइराला
- **office**: Member of House of Representatives (Nepal)
- **term start**: 2013
- **term end**: 2017
- **predecessor**: Dharma Prasad Ghimire
- **successor**: Surendra Kumar Karki
- **constituency**: Jhapa 1 (constituency), Jhapa 1
- **office1**: 1st List of mayors of Mechinagar, Mayor of Mechinagar
- **1blankname1**: Deputy Mayor
- **1namedata1**: Chandra Bhandari
- **term start1**: 14 May 1997
- **term end1**: 4 October 2003
- **predecessor1**: Create Posting
- **successor1**: Kalyan Khadka
- **party**: CPN (UML)
- **nationality**: Nepali
Ram Karki

**Ram Karki** (), (born 16 October 1956) also known as **Surendra Kumar Karki**, is a Nepali politician belonging to the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). He was the minister for Information and Communications of Nepal from August 2016 to May 2017.

## Other websites

- Information and Communications of Nepal( Native language official website)
- English version of DOI Nepal website
- Ram Karki from CPN Maoist Centre sworn-in

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ram Karki
- **native name**: राम कार्की
- **native name lang**: ne
- **office**: Ministry of Information and Communications (Nepal), Ministry of Information and Communications
- **term**: 25 August 2016 - 31 May 2017
- **predecessor**: Sher Dhan Rai
- **successor**: Mohan Bahadur Basnet
- **office1**: Pratinidhi Sabha, Member of Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha
- **term start1**: 4 March 2018
- **constituency1**: Jhapa 1 (constituency), Jhapa 1
- **predecessor1**: Rabin Koirala
- **office2**: 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly, Member of Constituent Assembly for
UCPN (Maoist) party list
- **term start2**: 21 January 2014
- **term end2**: 14 October 2017
- **president**: Bidhya Devi Bhandari
- **primeminister**: Pushpa Kamal Dahal
- **party**: CPN (Maoist Centre)
- **otherparty**: Nepali Congress
Janabadi Morcha
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre), CPN (Fourth Convention)
- **birth name**: Surendra Kumar Karki
- **birth place**: Rumjatar, Okhaldhunga District, Okhaldhunga, Nepal
- **nationality**: Nepali
- **occupation**: Politician
- **successor1**: Bishwa Prakash Sharma
- **termend1**: Nov 2022
Arrondissement of Abbeville

The **arrondissement of Abbeville** is an arrondissement of France. It is in the Somme department in the Hauts-de-France region. It has 6 cantons and 164 communes.

## Infobox (french subdivision)

- **type**: arr
- **name**: Abbeville
- **insee**: 801
- **nbcomm**: 164
- **prefecture**: n
- **seat**: Abbeville
- **area**: 1560.6
- **image map**: Locator map of Arrondissement Abbeville 2019.png
- **map caption**: Location within the region Hauts-de-France
Oleh Barna

**Oleh Stepanovych Barna** (; 18 April 1967 – 17 April 2023) was a Ukrainian human rights activist and politician who served as a People's Deputy of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019. Barna fought during the Russian invasion of Ukraine and was killed in action on 17 April 2023, a day before his 56th birthday.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Oleh Barna
- **native name lang**: uk
- **image**: Barna-Oleh-Stepanovych-15043021.jpg
- **office**: People's Deputy of Ukraine
- **term start**: 27 November 2014
- **term end**: 29 August 2019
- **predecessor**: Ivan Stoiko
- **successor**: Volodymyr Hevko
- **constituency**: Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine's 167th electoral district, No. 167
- **birth place**: Nahirianka, Ternopil Oblast, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
- **death place**: Pavlivka, Volnovakha Raion, Pavlivka, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
- **party**: European Solidarity, Petro Poroshenko Bloc
Bishwa Prakash Sharma

**Bishwa Prakash Sharma** () is a Nepali politician. He is one of the two general secretaries of the Nepali Congress.

## Other websites

- Bishwa Prakash Sharma on Twitter
- Bishwa Prakash Sharma on Facebook

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**: Honourable
- **native name**: विश्वप्रकाश शर्मा
- **education**: Masters in Political Science
- **alma mater**: Tribhuwan University
- **name**: Bishwa Prakash Sharma
- **nationality**: Nepalese
- **party**: Nepali Congress
- **office**: General Secretary of Nepali Congress
- **termstart**: 2021
- **alongside**: Gagan Thapa
- **predecessor**: Shashanka Koirala
- **president**: Sher Bahadur Deuba
- **office1**: Member of Pratinidhi Sabha, Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha
- **termstart1**: 22 December 2022
- **predecessor1**: Surendra Kumar Karki
- **constituency1**: Jhapa 1 (constituency), Jhapa 1
- **office2**: President of Nepal Student Union
- **termstart2**: 2000
- **termend2**: 2002
- **predecessor2**: Govinda Bhattarai
- **successor2**: Kishore Singh Rathore
- **birth place**: Jhapa District, Jhapa, Koshi Province (Nepal), Koshi Province, Nepal
- **parents**: Parshuram Sharma (father)
Sabitri Sharma (mother)
- **spouse**: Kabita Sharma
- **children**: 1 Son, 1 Daughter
- **honorific suffix**: MP
Earth radius

The **Earth's radius** (represented as ***R_<sub>🜨</sub>_' or ***') is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface.

## Length

Earth is shaped like a slightly flattened ball (an oblate spheroid). Because it is not perfectly round, Earth's radius varies.
At the Equator, Earth's radius (called the equatorial radius) measures about 6,378 km (3,963 miles). At the North and South Poles, the planet's radius (called the polar radius) is slightly shorter: around 6,357 km (3,950 miles). The global average has been estimated at .

### Definitions

Earth's radius can also be defined and measured using the radius of curvature. This calculation considers land and sea topography. As a result, it can produce a different result than measurement of the equatorial or polar radiuses.

"Earth radius" is sometimes used as a unit of measurement in astronomy and geophysics.  The International Astronomical Union recommends that "Earth radius" should equal the planet's equatorial radius.

## Infobox (unit)

- **name**: Earth radius
- **image**: EarthPieSlice.png
- **caption**: Cross section of Earth's Interior
- **standard**: astronomy, geophysics
- **quantity**: distance
- **symbol**: **_R_<sub>🜨</sub>**
- **symbol2**: ,
- **units1**: SI base unit
- **units2**: Metric system
- **units3**: English units
1999 Nepalese general election

General elections were held in Nepal on 3 and 17 May 1999. The Nepali Congress emerged as the largest party, gaining 28 seats, while the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) (CPN–UML) lost 17.

## Related pages

- List of MPs elected in the 1999 Nepalese general election

## Infobox (election)

- **country**: Nepal
- **type**: parliamentary
- **previous election**: 1994 Nepalese general election
- **previous year**: 1994
- **previous mps**: List of MPs elected in the 1994 Nepalese general election
- **elected mps**: List of MPs elected in the 1999 Nepalese general election
- **next election**: 2008 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election
- **next year**: 2008 (CA)
- **seats for election**: All 205 seats in the Pratinidhi Sabha
- **majority seats**: 103
- **election date**: 3 and 17 May 1999
- **turnout**: 65.79%
- **image size**: 130x130px
- **image1**: Krishna bhattarai.jpg
- **leader1**: Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
- **party1**: Nepali Congress
- **leaders seat1**: Parsa 1 (constituency), Parsa 1
- **last election1**: 83
- **seats1**: 111
- **seat change1**: 28
- **popular vote1**: 3,214,786
- **percentage1**: 37.17%
- **image2**: Madhav Kumar Nepal 2009-09-23.jpg
- **leader2**: Madhav Kumar Nepal
- **party2**: Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
- **leaders seat2**: Rautahat 1 (constituency), Rautahat 1
 Rautahat 4 (constituency), Rautahat 4 _(vacated)_
- **last election2**: 88
- **seats2**: 71
- **seat change2**: 17
- **popular vote2**: 2,734,568
- **percentage2**: 31.61%
- **image3**: Surya bahadur thapa (cropped).png
- **leader3**: Surya Bahadur Thapa
- **party3**: Rastriya Prajatantra Party
- **leaders seat3**: Dhankuta 2
 Sarlahi 2 (constituency), Sarlahi 2 _(lost)_
- **last election3**: 20
- **seats3**: 11
- **seat change3**: 9
- **popular vote3**: 902,328
- **percentage3**: 10.43%
- **title**: Prime Minister of Nepal, PM
- **before election**: Girija Prasad Koirala
- **before party**: Nepali Congress
- **after election**: Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
- **after party**: Nepali Congress
Sabina Bajagain

**Sabina Bajagain** (Nepali: सबिना बजगाईं) is a NepalI politician. She is a member of the Koshi Provincial Assembly from Rastriya Prajatantra Party. She was elected via 2022 Provincial Assembly election from  Jhapa 1 (B).

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable, Honourable
- **name**: Sabina Bajagain
- **native name**: सबिना बजगाईं
- **native name lang**: ne
- **office**: Member of the Koshi Provincial Assembly
- **term start**: 26 December 2022
- **predecessor**: Gopal Chandra Budhathoki
- **constituency**: Jhapa 1 (constituency), Jhapa 1 (B)
- **nationality**: Nepal, Nepalese
- **party**: Rastriya Prajatantra Party
- **occupation**: Politician
Zhangixalus hui

The **white-striped tree frog** (_Zhangixalus hui_) is a frog.  It lives in China and Vietnam. People have seen it between 600 and 2100 meters above sea level.

Scientists used to think this was the same species as _Rhacophorus dugritei_, but they changed their minds in 2008.

People have seen this frog in forests near wet places and bodies of water and paddies. The female frog makes a nest out of foam and lays her eggs in holes near water. People have seen it between 3050 and 3350 meters above sea level.

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in a large place. Human beings cut down forests and build things for visitors. Scientists think climate change could also hurt this frog because it causes dry times and floods.
Pens Corner

**Pens Corner** in Dublin, Ireland was a business that used to supply pens across the world and in Ireland since the 1920s. They were a company that used to home pens from all across the world including parts of Europe such as Switzerland, France, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom these brands would include Caran D'Ache, Waterman, Mont Blanc, Lamy, Faber Castell, Montegrappa, Visconti, ST. Dupont, Namisu, Dunhill, Cartier, and Parker; the United States would home brands such as Sheaffer(now partnered with William Penn from India), Cross and Easterbrook and parts of Asia such as Japan would home pens such as Pilot, Curidas and Sailor. Pens Corner would also be situated in Dubai, United Arab Emirates since the 1990s with staff from Dubai, Kerala and Mumbai, Pens Corner Dubai would be associated with King's formerly known as King's Traders a custom made online shoe store integrated with selling pens. King's has been a business in Dubai since the late 1960s.

Pens Corner Dublin has been in Dublin 12 College Green, Dublin 2, D02 H973, Ireland, and has relocated in 2022 and has renamed itself to Pen Palace in Dublin, Unit 317a, Marine Rd, Dún Laoghaire Shoppin Center, Dublin, Ireland. The store opens at 9:00 am.

## Also see

William Penn (Pen company from India, branches across India)

Fountain Pen Hospital (Manhattan, New York)
Blackjack (1998 movie)

***Blackjack*** is a 1998 Canadian American television action movie directed by John Woo and starring Dolph Lundgren, Peter Keleghan, Fred Williamson, Kate Vernon, Belle Perez, Andrew Jackson, Saul Rubinek, Kam Heskin. It was distributed by Miramax Films.
Impractical Jokers

***Impractical Jokers*** is an American hidden-camera reality comedy show which premiered on truTV on December 15, 2011. The show is about four lifelong friends (known as "jokers"): James "Murr" Murray, Brian "Q" Quinn, Sal Vulcano, and Joe Gatto, who compete in a series of hilarious public challenges in (almost) every episode while being secretly filmed with hidden cameras. At the end of most episodes, the joker(s) who lost the most challenges (known as the "Big Loser[s]") have to face an uncomfortable punishment, and if they refuse, they're kicked off the show. Joe left the show in the middle of season 9 to focus on parenting his children after divorcing his wife. Starting with its tenth season, the show is airing on TBS. _Impractical Jokers_ has gotten mostly good reviews from most critics, and has become a popular show.
Antlia Dwarf

The **Antlia Dwarf** (also known as **PGC 29194**) is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) or irregular galaxy. It is located 4.3 million light years away in the Antlia-Sextans Group in the constellation Antlia. It is the 4th and the faintest galaxy of the Antlia-Sextans Group. It contains stars of all ages, it contains large amounts of gas and has experienced recent star formation. The Antila Dwarf is believed to be tidally interacting with the small barred galaxy called NGC 3109.
Bleach: Erabareshi Tamashii

is the role-playing video game developed by Aspect Co. and published by Sony Computer Entertainment Japan. It is the first game based on the popular anime hits by Tite Kubo, titled _Bleach_.

The opening theme based on the anime is "D Tecnolife" by UVERworld, that used from the second opening of the anime.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Bleach: Erabareshi Tamashii
- **developer**: Aspect Co.
- **publisher**: Sony Interactive Entertainment, SCEJ
- **series**: _List of Bleach video games, Bleach_
- **platforms**: PlayStation 2
- **released**: : August 4, 2005
- **genre**: Role-playing game, Role-playing
- **modes**: Single-player
Jim Elliot

**Phillip James Elliot** (October 8, 1927 – January 8, 1956) was a Christian missionary to Ecuador, where he was killed by Huaorani Indians.

## Quotes

"He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain what he cannot lose." (an entry in Jim Elliot's journal)

"Wherever you are, be all there. Live to the hilt every situation you believe to be the will of God."
Granula

**Granula** was the first commercial breakfast cereal. It was invented by James Caleb in 1863. It was mostly made of bran-rich gram flour, which was formed into nugget shapes and baked until it was crispy. Granula was marketed as healthy. It was intended to be eaten with milk or cream.

## History

James Caleb, a Seventh-day Adventist, owned the Jackson Sanatorium in Dansville, New York. It specialized in hydrotherapy and vegetarianism. He created Granula as a healthy food for his patients, who had to follow a vegetarian diet. Jackson believed that a diet of whole grains and vegetables was the key to good health and long life.

In 1863, Jackson created Granula by baking gram flour into nuggets, which were then broken into smaller pieces. The cereal was very hard and had to be soaked in milk or cream before it could be eaten. Jackson marketed Granula as a healthy food, claiming that it was nutritious and easily digestible.

Granula was sold through mail order catalogs and health food stores. It was not popular for a long time because of its hard texture and the fact that it required soaking before it could be eaten. In 1877, a similar cereal called Grape-Nuts was introduced. It was made from wheat and barley flour and had a less hard texture. Grape-Nuts quickly became more popular than Granula.

## Legacy

Granula led to the development of the modern breakfast cereal industry. It inspired other inventors to create new and more palatable cereal products.

Today, the term "granola" is used to describe a range of breakfast cereals that are typically made from rolled oats, nuts, and dried fruit. These cereals are often sweetened with honey or sugar and are popular with health-conscious consumers.
IOS jailbreaking

iOS jailbreaking is the process of Removing the software restrictions imposed by Apple on its iOS operating system. This allows users to gain root access to their iOS devices, to modify the device's software and install apps from sources outside of the Apple App Store. Jailbreaking dates back to the early days of the iPhone.

## History

Jailbreaking first became popular in 2007 with the release of the original iPhone. The first jailbreaking tool was developed by a group of hackers known as the iPhone Dev Team. The tool allowed users to modify their iPhones, install third-party applications, and customize the appearance of the user interface.

Over the years, jailbreaking became more mainstream. A thriving community of developers and enthusiasts emerged. Many of the early jailbreaking tools were based on exploits found in iOS, which allowed users to bypass Apple's security measures.

In 2010, the US government made it legal to jailbreak an iPhone, saying that jailbreaking did not violate copyright laws. This helped to further legitimize jailbreaking and brought it into the mainstream.

## Jailbreaking Today

Jailbreaking is still popular among iOS users, although it has become less common. This is partly due to the increased security measures implemented by Apple in recent versions of iOS.

Jailbreaking can  void the device's warranty. It potentially leaves the device vulnerable to security threats.

There are still many jailbreaking tools and communities available for those interested in modifying their iOS devices. They develop new tweaks, apps, and tools to enhance the functionality and customization of iOS devices.

## Modern Jailbreaks

|Name|Versions|
| --- | --- |
|palera1n|15.0 - 16.4|
|Odysseyra1n|14.4 - 14.8.1|
|Taurine|14.0 - 14.3|
|Odyssey|13.0 - 13.7|
|Chimera|12.0 - 12.4.1|
|Electra|11.0 - 11.4.1|
|unc0ver|11.0 - 14.8|

## Classic Jailbreaks

|iOS Version|Jailbreak Name|Jailbreak Developers|
| --- | --- | --- |
|iOS 10.0 - 10.2|Yalu102|Luca Todesco|
|iOS 9.2 - 9.3.3|Pangu9|Pangu Team|
|iOS 9.0 - 9.1|Pangu9|Pangu Team|
|iOS 8.0 - 8.1.2|TaiG|TaiG Team|
|iOS 7.1 - 7.1.2|Pangu7|Pangu Team|
|iOS 7.0 - 7.0.6|evasi0n7|evad3rs|
|iOS 6.0 - 6.1.2|evasi0n|evad3rs|
|iOS 5.1.1|Absinthe 2.0|Chronic Dev Team and iPhone Dev Team|
|iOS 5.0.1 - 5.1.1|Redsn0w|iPhone Dev Team|
|iPhoneOS 1.1.1 - 1.1.4|JailbreakMe 1.0|comex|
|iPhoneOS 1.0 - 1.1.1|JailbreakMe 1.0|comex|
IRAS 05280-6910

**IRAS 05280–6910** (also known as **LMC 582**) is a red supergiant star or OH/IR supergiant star. It is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud and it is also the most reddened object in the Large Magellanic Cloud, far more than the redness that the famous red supergiant WOH G64 emits. Its radius is 1,367 to 1,736 times that of the Sun, making it one of the largest stars found so far. If it was placed at the center of the Solar System, its photosphere would reach and eat the orbit of Jupiter. It is estimated that the star loses  (Solar mass) per year, this mass loss rate is the highest known for any red supergiant star.
R1a1

**Haplogroup R1a1** (Y DNA) In genetics, the Haplogroup R1a1 (M17) is a Y chromosome haplogroup, which is distributed across Greater Asia or (Eurasia). This group is common in Europe, North Central Asia and India. In Europe, the highest concentrations are in Eastern Europe, particularly in Poland and Ukraine, where half of all males belong to this haplogroup. High concentrations are also present in Northern Europe and it is believed that the Vikings spread it throughout the rest of Europe, including the British Isles. The first carriers of the R1a1 haplotype may have been the Proto-Indo-European nomads in Ukraine about 5,000 years ago. In the context of the kurgan hypothesis, it is associated with the spread of the Indo-European languages. In India, the highest concentrations of R1a can be found in the Brahmins. The studies point to an Aryan migration dating back to before 1500 B.C. The average frequency across all castes of the R1a haplogroup is approximately 40%. In Europe a high concentration of this Lineage be found in Roma people
Hotaka

**Hotaka** may refer to:

- Hotaka, Nagano
- Hotaka Shrine
WASP-17

**WASP-17** is a main sequence star about 1,300 light years away in the constellation Scorpius. It has the spectral type F6V.

WASP-17 is also known as **Dìwö**. The name was selected in the NameExoWorlds campaign by Costa Rica. At that time, it was the 100th anniversary of the IAU. Dìwö in Bribri language means the sun.

The star has about the same amount of heavy elements as the Sun. However, it has less carbon than the Sun. The carbon-to-oxygen molar ratio of 0.18 for WASP-17 is far below the solar ratio of 0.55.

## Planetary system

An extrasolar planet known as WASP-17b was confirmed orbiting the star as of 2009. The star is unusual for the reason that WASP-17b is believed to orbit in the opposite direction to the direction the star spins and is said to be twice the size of Jupiter, but half its mass. It is subject to deep photo-evaporation, and may be completely destroyed within 1 billion years from now.

WASP-17b was discovered by SuperWASP project. For this reason, the name of the planet and the star has WASP in them.
Peter Hannan (producer)

**Peter Hannan** is the creator of CatDog.

## Works

- _CatDog_ – Creator
- _Figure It Out_ - Writer
- _Pound Puppies_ – Writer
- _Let's Go Luna!_ – Writer
- Really Freaking Embarrasing- Creator
Subgiant

A **subgiant** is a type of star that is brighter and larger than a normal main sequence star of the same spectral class, but not as bright as giant stars. The term subgiant is applied both to a particular spectral luminosity class and to a stage in the evolution of a star.
James Dunlop

**James Dunlop** FRSE (31 October 1793 – 22 September 1848) was a Scottish astronomer, noted for his work in Australia. He was employed by Sir Thomas Brisbane to work as astronomer's helper at his private observatory, once located at Paramatta (now named Parramatta), New South Wales, about  west of Sydney during the 1820s and 1830s. Dunlop was mostly a visual observer, doing stellar astrometry work for Brisbane, and after its completion, then independently discovered and catalogued many new telescopic southern double stars and deep-sky objects. He later became the Top-level manager of Paramatta Observatory when it was finally sold to the New South Wales Government.

## Early life

James Dunlop was born in Dalry, Ayrshire, Scotland, the son of John Dunlop, a weaver, and his wife Janet, _née_ Boyle. Dunlop was educated at a primary school in Dalry and went to work at a thread factory in Beith when he was 14. He also attended a night-school in Beith kept by a man named Gardiner. He became interested in astronomy at an early age and was building telescopes in 1810. By fortune in 1820, he got to know the astronomically inclined Sir Thomas Brisbane. In the same year, Brisbane was selected as the new Governor of New South Wales, who then decided to set up an astronomical observatory in the new Colony. Before leaving Britain, Dunlop was then selected as his second scientific helper, and both travelled to Sydney in 1821.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: James Dunlop
- **image**: James Dunlop, ca. 1843 oil portrait by Joseph Backler a2448001h.jpg
- **caption**: 1843 oil portrait of James Dunlop by Joseph Backler
- **birth place**: Dalry, Ayrshire, Scotland
- **death place**: New South Wales, Australia
- **resting place**: St. Paul's Anglican Church Kincumber, New South Wales
- **fields**: Astronomy
- **workplaces**: Paramatta Observatory
- **known for**: made 40,000 observations and catalogued some 7385 stars, of which included 166 double stars
- **awards**: Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society <small>(1828)</small>
- **children**: No children
The Loud House Movie

***The Loud House Movie*** is a 2021 American traditionally animated musical fantasy comedy movie. It is based on Nickelodeon's _The Loud House_. It was produced by Paramount Animation, Nickelodeon Movies, and Nickelodeon Animation Studios. The movie was originally going to be theatrically released in 2020 by Paramount Pictures. Instead, the movie was released on Netflix on August 20, 2021. The film's animation was done by Jam Filled Entertainment in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, with the former having provided the animation for the television series. It was directed by Chris Savino, co-directed by Dave Needham in his directorial debut. It stars the voices of Asher Bishop, David Tennant, Michelle Gomez and Katy Townsend, and the regular voice cast of the series; consisting of Tex Hammond, Jill Talley, Brian Stepanek, Catherine Taber, Liliana Mumy, Nika Futterman, Cristina Pucelli, Jessica DiCicco, Grey Griffin, Lara Jill Miller, and Andre Robinson, reprising their respective roles, with music by _The Fairly OddParents_ composer Guy Moon. The film tells the story of the Louds going to Scotland where they learn that they are descended from royalty.

A live-action Christmas movie, _A Loud House Christmas_ (also known as _A Really Loud House Christmas_) was released on Paramount+ on November 26, 2021.

__TOC__

## Cast

- Asher Bishop as The Duke
- David Tennant as Angus
- Michelle Gomez as Morag
- Tex Hammond as Lincoln Loud
- Jill Talley as Rita Loud
- Brian Stepanek as Lynn Loud Sr.
- Catherine Taber as Lori Loud
- Liliana Mumy as Leni Loud
- Nika Futterman as Luna Loud
- Cristina Pucelli as Luan Loud
- Jessica DiCicco as Lynn Loud Jr. and Lucy Loud
- Grey Griffin as Lola Loud, Lana Loud, Lily Loud and Scoots
- Lara Jill Miller as Lisa Loud
- Katy Townsend as Lucille Loud
- Andre Robinson as Clyde McBride

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Loud House Movie (2021)
- **image**: The Loud House logo.svg
- **director**: Chris Savino
Kyle Marshall
Amanda Rynda
**Co-Directed by**
Dave Needham
- **producer**: Karen Malach
Chris Viscardi
**Executive Producer**
Michael Rubiner
- **writer**: Chris Savino
Gloria Shen
Alec Schwimmer
Kyle Marshall
Miguel Puga
- **screenplay**: Kevin Sullivan
Chris Viscardi
Alec Schwimmer
- **story**: Michael Rubiner
- **based on**: _The Loud House_ by
Chris Savino
- **music**: Guy Moon
**Additional Music by**
Philip White
- **cinematography**: Color
- **editing**: Peter Ettinger
- **animator**: Jam Filled Entertainment (traditional animation)
- **studio**: Paramount Animation
Nickelodeon Animation Studio, Nickelodeon Animation Studios
Nickelodeon Movies
- **distributor**: Netflix
Paramount+
- **released**: August 20, 2021
- **runtime**: 105 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
The Devil and God Are Raging Inside Me

***The Devil and God Are Raging Inside Me*** is the third studio album by Brand New. Brand New is an American rock band. The album was released on November 21, 2006. It was released by Interscope Records. It was the band's first album with Interscope. The album was recorded from 2005 to 2006. The album was released after many of the band's demo tracks for it were put on the Internet. The album had two singles: "Sowing Season" and "Jesus Christ". The album went to the number 31 spot on the _Billboard_ 200. It was the band's highest-charting album when it was released.

Many music critics have said _The Devil and God Are Raging Inside Me_ is one of the best albums made in the 2000s. Other music makers and writers have said it is a very important post-hardcore and emo album. The album is different from Brand New's other albums. The music on it is about things such as death, religion, and depression. On November 15, 2022, the album was certified gold by the RIAA.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Devil and God Are Raging Inside Me
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Brand New (band), Brand New
- **recorded**: March 2005 – April 2006
- **studio**: * Cove City (Glen Cove, New York, Glen Cove)
* Long View Farm (North Brookfield, Massachusetts, North Brookfield)
* Sapone (Bethpage, New York, Bethpage)
- **genre**: * Emo
* alternative rock
- **length**: 54:51
- **label**: * Interscope Records, Interscope
* Tiny Evil
* Procrastinate! Music Traitors
- **producer**: * Mike Sapone
* Brand New