juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
WrestleMania VIII

## Results

- Dark Match: The Bushwhackers (Luke Williams and Butch Miller) defeated The Beverly Brothers (Blake and Beau)
- Shawn Michaels (with Sensational Sherri) defeated El Matador
- The Undertaker (with Paul Bearer) defeated Jake Roberts
- WWF Intercontinental Championship Match: Bret Hart defeated Roddy Piper to win the WWF Intercontinental Championship
- Big Boss Man, Virgil, Sgt. Slaughter, and Jim Duggan defeated The Nasty Boys (Brian Knobbs and Jerry Sags), Repo Man, and The Mountie (with Jimmy Hart)
- WWF Championship Match: Randy Savage (with Miss Elizabeth) defeated Ric Flair (c) (with Mr. Perfect) to win the WWF Championship
- Tatanka defeated Rick Martel
- WWF Tag Team Championship Match: The Natural Disasters (Earthquake and Typhoon) defeated Money Inc. (Ted DiBiase and Irwin R. Schyster) (c) (with Jimmy Hart) by countout
- Owen Hart defeated Skinner.
- Hulk Hogan defeated Sid Justice (with Harvey Wippleman) by disqualification

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: WrestleMania VIII
- **tagline**: Friendship Torn Apart! / The Macho/Flair Affair
- **promotion**: World Wrestling Entertainment, World Wrestling Federation
- **date**: April 5 1992
- **venue**: RCA Dome, Hoosier Dome
- **city**: Indianapolis, Indiana
- **attendance**: 62,167
- **lastevent**: Royal Rumble (1992)
- **nextevent**: SummerSlam (1992)
- **event**: WrestleMania (PPV series), WrestleMania
- **lastevent2**: WrestleMania VII
- **nextevent2**: WrestleMania IX
Airbag

An **airbag** is a part of the safety restraint system in cars. Airbags are bags that rapidly fill with air when an accident happens. That way they can prevent injuries that occur when the driver hits a hard object.

An airbag is a useful vehicle safety device. Airbags are used in the world increasingly because in accidents, it can help passengers reduce shock.
When the sensor feels a strong shock, the gas device explodes. This gas fills the bag immediately.

## History of airbags

An American inventor, Dr. Allen S. Breed, invented and developed a key component for automotive use. Breed Corporation then marketed this innovation first in 1967 to Chrysler. A similar "Auto-Ceptor" crash-restraint, brandon, developed by Eaton, Yale & Towne Inc. for Ford was soon offered as an automatic safety system in the USA. The Italian Eaton-Livia company offered a variant with localized air cushions.

All cars used the airbag nowadays was originally invented by a Japanese man Mr. Kobori and he took the world patents.

The first patent on an inflatable crash-landing device for airplanes was filed during World War II. In 1973, the first commercial airbags appeared in a run of 1,000 Chevrolet Impalas. Since model year 1998, all new cars sold in the United States have been required to have airbags on both driver and passenger sides. To date, statistics show that airbags reduce the risk of dying in a direct frontal crash by about 30 percent. Today, some cars have six or even eight airbags.

## How airbags work

First, moving objects have momentum (the product of the mass and the velocity of an object). If no outside force acts on an object, the object will continue to move at its present speed and direction (because of inertia). Cars consist of several objects, including the vehicle itself, loose objects in the car and, of course, passengers. If these objects are not restrained, they will continue moving at whatever speed the car is travelling at, even if the car is stopped by a collision.
Stopping an object's momentum requires force acting over a period of time. When a car crashes, the force required to stop an object is very great because the car's momentum has changed instantly while the passengers' has not (there is not much time to work with). The goal of any supplemental restraint system is to help stop the passenger while doing as little damage to them as possible.
What an airbag wants to do is to slow the passenger's speed to zero with little or no damage. The constraints that it has to work within are huge. The airbag has the space between the passenger and the steering wheel or dashboard and a fraction of a second to work with. Even that tiny amount of space and time is valuable, however, if the system can slow the passenger evenly rather than forcing an abrupt halt to their motion.

## Motorcycle airbag

In 2006 the airbag was set up for a motorcycle. This was in the Gold Wing by Honda.

The second airbag device for motorcyclist is an inflatable airbag jacket was invented by Tamás Straub in 1976.
Darkly Dreaming Dexter

***Darkly Dreaming Dexter*** is a 2004 book written by Jeff Lindsay. It won the 2005 Dilys Award and the 2007 Book to TV Award.

The television show _Dexter_ was based on the book.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Darkly Dreaming Dexter
- **author**: Jeff Lindsay
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English Language, English
- **genre**: Crime novel
- **release date**: 2004
- **media type**: Print (Hardcover, Hardback & Paperback)
- **followed by**: Dearly Devoted Dexter
Dearly Devoted Dexter

***Dearly Devoted Dexter*** is a 2005 book written by Jeff Lindsay. It is a sequel to the 2004 book _Darkly Dreaming Dexter_ which the television show _Dexter_ is based on.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Dearly Devoted Dexter
- **author**: Jeff Lindsay
- **illustrator**: von burhen
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English Language, English
- **genre**: Crime novel
- **release date**: 2005
- **media type**: Print (Hardcover, Hardback & Paperback)
- **preceded by**: Darkly Dreaming Dexter
- **followed by**: Dexter in the Dark
Dexter in the Dark

***Dexter in the Dark*** is a 2007 book written by Jeff Lindsay. It is the third book in Lindsay's _Dexter_ series.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Dexter in the Dark
- **author**: Jeff Lindsay
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English Language, English
- **genre**: Crime novel
- **release date**: 2007
- **media type**: Print (Hardcover, Hardback & Paperback)
- **preceded by**: Dearly Devoted Dexter
- **followed by**: Dexter by Design
Fugging, Upper Austria

**Fugging** ( ) is an Austrian village in the municipality of Tarsdorf, in the Innviertel region of western Upper Austria.

The village is 33 kilometres north of Salzburg, four kilometres east of the German border and can be travelled to in half an hour by car from the town of Petting, in Bavaria.

## History and name

Fugging (which was Fucking at the time) has existed since at least 1070 and is named after a man from the 6th century called "Fuko".  In old Germanic, "-ing" is used to describe people as belonging to their leader; so "Fucking" means "(place of) Fuko’s people."

Although the village has a population of 104 , it has drawn attention in the English-speaking world for its name, which is spelled the same as the continuous form of the profane English-language verb "fuck".

Fucking's most famous feature is a traffic sign with its name on it, which tourists often photograph. This street sign is often stolen. Significant public funds have been spent on replacing the stolen signs.

In 2004, because many signs had been stolen, a vote was held to change the village name, but the villagers voted not to change. In August 2005, the road signs were welded to a very strong pole. This made it more difficult to steal them.

Fucking changed its name to Fugging, the name change came to affect on 1 January 2021.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Fugging
- **settlement type**: Village
- **image caption**: Fugging village sign
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Austria, 4 kilometers from the German border.
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Upper Austria
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Innviertel
- **subdivision type3**: Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Tarsdorf
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: since at least 1070
- **named for**: 6th century nobleman named Focko
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population total**: 104
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 5121 Tarsdorf
- **area code**: 07940
- **blank name**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, Licence plate
- **blank info**: BR
Susan Featherly

**Susan Featherly** (February 5, 1963) is an American actress. She is best known for her appearances in Cinemax television programs and adult movies such as _Kama Sutra_ and _Corporate Fantasy_. Featherly was born in Syracuse, New York.

## Movies

|Yr|Movie|Character||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2004|_Grave Tales_|The Girl||
|rowspan=2|2002|_Ted Bundy_|Bundy Victim|
|_Deviant Vixens 2_|Emily Johnson|||
|rowspan=7|2001|_Animal Attraction III_|Catherine (credited as Marie West)|
|_Sinful Temptations_|Claudia (credited as Marie West)|||
|_Virtual Girl 2: Virtual Vegas_|Sharon|||
|_Passion Crimes_|Heather (credited as Jen Dike)|||
|_Just Can't Get Enough_|Kitchen Girl|||
|_Stolen Kisses_|Jill|||
|_Soul Desires_|Catherine|||
|rowspan=3|2000|_House of Love_|Sunny (credited as Marie West)|
|_Fast Lane to Malibu_|Erika (credited as Marie West)|||
|_Diary of Lust_|Niki (credited as Michelle Turner)|||
|rowspan=6|1999|_The Awakening of Gabriella_|Gabriella|
|_Andromina: The Pleasure Planet_|Xula (credited as Michelle Turner)|||
|_Dungeon of Desire_|Carrie (credited as Michelle Turner)|||
|_Lip Service_|Linda (credited as Michelle Turner)|||
|_Carnal Desires_|Kate|||
|_Corporate Fantasy_|Tammy|||

## Television appearances

|Yr|Program|Episode|Character|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2002|_The Best Sex Ever_|_Mystery Writer_|Theresa|||
|rowspan=3|2001|rowspan=2|_Lady Chatterley's Stories_|_A Few Moments in Time_|Sharon (credited as Michelle Turner)|
|_One Night Stand_|Elise (credited as Michelle Turner)|||||
|rowspan=2|_Passion Cove_|_Ghostly Passion_|Grace (credited as Michelle Turner)|||
|rowspan=5|2000|_Blind Date_|Elise (credited as Michelle Turner)|||
|_Bedtime Stories_|_Strangers_|Danielle||||
|rowspan=3|_Kama Sutra_|_Carnal Heat_|Anne (credited as Michelle Turner)|||
|_Conduct of a Wife_||||||
|_Ménage à Trois_|Sarah (credited as Michelle Turner)|||||
|1998|_Arli$$_|_The Cult of Celebrity_|Girl #1|||
|1998|_Erotic Confessions_|_Savannah Gardens_|Violet|||
|1996|_Hot Line_|_Sleepless Nights_|Cindy|||
Ron Wilson (ice hockey, born 1955)

**Ronald Lawrence Wilson** (born May 28, 1955) is a former ice hockey player. He was the head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs from 2008 to 2012. He also was the coach for the San Jose Sharks, Washington Capitals, Vancouver Canucks, and Anaheim Mighty Ducks of the NHL. Wilson was born in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. He is a citizen of both Canada and the United States.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Ron Wilson
- **image**: Ron Wilson cropper.JPG
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Wilson in 2010, coaching the Maple Leafs
- **position**: Defenceman, Defense
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 175
- **played for**: Toronto Maple Leafs
Kloten Flyers
HC Davos
Minnesota North Stars
- **ntl team**: USA
- **birth place**: Windsor, Ontario, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
- **draft**: 132nd overall
- **draft year**: 1975
- **draft team**: Toronto Maple Leafs
- **wha draft**: 176th overall
- **wha draft year**: 1974
- **wha draft team**: Houston Aeros (WHA), Houston Aeros
- **career start**: 1977
- **career end**: 1988
- **shoots**: Right
Earth's inner core

The **inner core** is the very center of the Earth, and the hottest part of the planet. It is a mainly a solid ball with a radius of about , according to seismological studies. It is believed to consist mostly of an iron–nickel alloy and to be about the same temperature as the surface of the Sun: about 5700 K (5400 °C).

The inner core was discovered by Inge Lehmann in 1929, using seismology. Lehmann was studying a large New Zealand earthquake. An earthquake makes vibrations which move through the inside of the Earth. The vibrations Lehmann studied seemed to be moving across something solid in the center of the planet. She called this the _inner core_. She wrote about it for many years, but it was not proved to exist until 1970.

The inner core is more than 5,000 kilometers below the earth's surface. The pressure in Earth's inner core is about 3,500,000 atmospheres. Iron can only be solid at such high temperatures because its melting temperature increases dramatically at such pressures.

## Related pages

- Earth's core
- Planetary core
Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?

***Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?*** is the second studio album by Megadeth. Megadeth is an American thrash metal band. It was released on September 19, 1986 by Capitol Records. Combat Records was going to release the album first, but Capitol bought the rights to it. Many band members had drug abuse problems while they were making the album. Guitarist Chris Poland and drummer Gar Samuelson were fired from the band after the album came out. A song from the album, "Peace Sells", was the band's first music video. The art on the album's cover shows Vic Rattlehead in front of the United Nations Headquarters.

_Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?_ is one of the first thrash metal albums. Many people think it made extreme metal more popular. It was put on _1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die_. In 2004, the album was remixed by Megadeth frontman Dave Mustaine. It was remixed again in 2011 for the album's 25th anniversary. The album's front art shows Vic Rattlehead. He is standing in front of the United Nations Headquarters. The art was made by Ed Repka. Repka made more art for the band later.

## Background

In December 1985, Dave Mustaine said that the band was making music for a second album. He also said that two songs ("Black Friday" and "Bad Omen") were done. Mustaine said that these songs were much faster than the music from Megadeth's first album, _Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!_. Mustaine and bassist David Ellefson wanted to change how people thought about heavy metal by making music with political lyrics.

In early 1986, Megadeth had a short tour in the United States. At the tour's concerts, the band played music that was going to be on _Peace Sells_. Combat Records gave them $25,000 to record the album. Recording the album was very hard because of many problems. Mustaine and Ellefson were homeless. Chris Poland and Gar Samuelson did not show up to make music very much because they were using heroin. After the band finished recording the album, someone from Capitol Records asked Megadeth to join their record label. The band joined Capitol. The album was released with Capitol Records.

## Track listing

All songs written by Dave Mustaine, except "I Ain't Superstitous" by Willie Dixon.

## Personnel

Information is from the album liner notes.

### Weekly charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2011)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|89|||

### Year-end charts

|scope="col"|Chart (1987)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|92|||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Megadeth
- **released**: September 19, 1986
- **recorded**: February 15 – March 20, 1986 in Los Angeles, California
- **genre**: Thrash metal
- **length**: 36:12
- **label**: Capitol Records
- **producer**: Dave Mustaine, Randy Burns
- **prev title**: Killing Is My Business... and Business Is Good!
- **prev year**: 1985
- **next title**: So Far, So Good... So What!
- **next year**: 1988
A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain That Rules from the Centre of the Ultraworld

"**A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain That Rules From the Centre of the Ultraworld**" is a mix of a song by the ambient house group The Orb. The song is about being in love with a beautiful person. The song was at first a Minnie Riperton song called Lovin' You.  The Orbs version was first sold in October 1989 and was in the UK Singles Chart in 1990, at number 78. In April 1991, it was sold as part of the album _The Orb's Adventures Beyond the Ultraworld_.  The name is taken from a sound effects track from _Blake's 7_ on _BBC Sound Effects No. 26 - Sci-Fi Sound Effects_ called "The Core, A Huge Evergrowing Pulsating Brain which Rules from the Centre of Ultraworld".

## History

In 1989, The Orb, with Martin "Youth" Glover, developed the musical style of ambient house using samples.  The best of their musical work came when The Orb recorded music for John Peel on BBC Radio 1.  The song, then known as "Loving You", was made quickly with many sound effects and samples from science fiction radio plays, nature sounds, and Minnie Riperton's "Lovin' You".  Before the song was sold by record company Big Life, The Orb changed the name to "A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain That Rules From the Centre of the Ultraworld".  After the first week of sale Minnie Ripertons record company forced Big Life to remove her voice from the song. After the first week another singer sang the song.

The Orbs version of the song was 19 minutes long and became number 78 on the UK Singles Chart.

### 12": WAU! Mr.Modo / MWS 17T (UK)

1. "Loving You [orbital mix]" (19:07)
1. "Loving You [bucket and spade mix]" (5:50)
1. "Loving You [why is six scared of seven?]" (5:30)

### 12": WAU! Mr.Modo / MWS 017R (UK)

1. "A Huge Ever Growing Remix (orbital dance mix)" (7:05)
1. "A Huge Ever Growing Remix (orbital radio mix)" (3:34)
1. "A Huge Ever Growing Remix (aubry mix mk 2)" (8:38)

- First sold January 1990

### CD: Big Life / BLR 27 OCD (UK)

1. "Loving You [orbital mix]" (19:07)

- Called "compactdisc"
- First sold June 1990, re-issued March 1994 [BLRDB 27]

### CD: Big Life / BLR 27CD (UK)

1. "A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain... (orbital dance mix)" (8:20)
1. "A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain... (orbital 9am radio mix)" (3:15)
1. "A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain... (aubrey mix mk1)" (6:06)

- Labeled as "Jimmy Cauty Remixes"
- "aubrey mix mk1" is an edit of "aubrey mix mk11"
- Called "Compactdisco"
- First sold June 1990, re-issued March 1994 [BLRDA 27]

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain That Rules From the Centre of the Ultraworld
- **artist**: The Orb
- **album**: **The Orb's Adventures Beyond the Ultraworld**
- **b-side**: Alternate mixes
- **released**: 1989
- **genre**: Ambient house
- **length**: 19:07
- **label**: WAU/Mr. Modo Records
Big Life
- **producer**: The Orb
- **next title**: Little Fluffy Clouds
- **next year**: 1991
Hermann Carl Vogel

**Hermann Carl Vogel** (born 3 April 1841, died 13 August 1907) was a German astronomer. He was born in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony.

Vogel was one of the first astronomers to use a spectroscope in astronomy.  He used it to read the chemicals on planets far away and to measure the time it takes the Sun to spin. He could read it by measuring the Doppler effect.

In 1882, Vogel became the Director at the Astrophysical Observatory Potsdam and he is best known for some work there in 1890. Vogel found that the colour of some stars changed over time, becoming red and then later becoming blue.  His idea was that the star was moving toward and then away from the Earth, and that the colour changes were the because of that movement. These stars seemed to be orbiting around a hidden star as if they were double-stars but the second star could never be seen, only known by the colour changing Doppler effect.

Volgel proved that Algol was a double star that could not be seen (spectroscopic binary star) and it was one of the first of these double stars proven to exist.

## Medals of Hermann Carl Vogel

**Awarded to Hermann Carl Vogel**
- Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1893)
- Henry Draper Medal (1893)
- Landskroener Medal of Achievement (1898)
- Richard C. White Purple Honors Medal (1899)
- Bruce Medal (1906)

## Places in space named after Hermann Carl Vogel

- Vogel crater on the Moon
- Crater on Mars

## Other websites

- Short biography

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Hermann Carl Vogel
- **image**: Vogel Hermann Carl.jpg
- **image size**: 350px
- **caption**: Hermann Carl Vogel
- **birth place**: Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony
- **death place**: Potsdam, German Empire
- **nationality**: Germany, German
- **field**: Astronomy
- **work institutions**: Potsdam Observatory
- **known for**: spectroscopy, Astronomical spectroscopy
Algol

**Algol**, also known as the **Demon Star**, is a bright star in the Perseus constellation.  It is one of the best known double stars that can only be seen in spectroscopes, the first star of its type discovered, and one of the first variable stars  to be discovered before it explodes. Algol is made of three stars (Beta Persei A, B and C) and the brightest is **Persei A**. These stars partly eclipse each other every 2 days, 20 hours and 49 minutes for 10 hours.
So Far, So Good... So What!

***So Far, So Good... So What!*** is the third studio album by thrash metal band Megadeth.  It was released on January 19, 1988.

## Track listing

All songs written by Dave Mustaine, except where noted.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: So Far, So Good... So What!
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Megadeth
- **released**: January 19, 1988
- **recorded**: 1987
- **genre**: Thrash metal
- **length**: 34:26
- **label**: Capitol Records
- **producer**: Dave Mustaine, Paul Lani
- **prev title**: Peace Sells... but Who's Buying?
- **prev year**: 1986
- **next title**: Rust in Peace
- **next year**: 1990
Lissamphibia

The subclass **Lissamphibia** includes all living amphibians. They are classified in three orders:
- the Anura: frogs, including toads
- the Caudata or Urodela: salamanders, including newts
- the Gymnophiona or Apoda: the limbless caecilians.

Although the ancestry of each group is controversial, all share certain common characteristics. This indicates they evolved from a common ancestor and so form a clade.
NRG Stadium

**NRG Stadium** is a football stadium in Houston, Texas. The NFL's Houston Texans play their home games here. It was called **Reliant Stadium** from 2002 until 2013. The stadium hosted WWE's WrestleMania 25 on April 5, 2009. On March 19, 2014, the stadium's name was changed to NRG Stadium, after NRG Energy, the parent company of Reliant Energy.

## Other websites

- Official website
Shamanism

**Shamanism** is a practice where a practitioner reaches altered states of consciousness. Supposedly, the shaman perceives and interacts with a spirit world, and channels these energies into this world.

A shaman is a person regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of good and bad spirits. They usually enter into a trance state during a ritual, and do divination and healing. To become a shaman, a person has to have had a near death experience (a "_shamanic illness_").

The name "shaman" comes from the Evenki people in Siberia.

**Shamans** play a central role in these movements, as they can be in both worlds, this one, and the world of spirits.

## Beliefs

- Spirits are real and can do things in the real world.
- There are good and evil spirits.
- Healing can be done in the spirit and real world.
- A person's spirit can leave their body and go into the world of the spirits.
- Animal shapes are used to interact with the spirits.

Shamanism is different from animism.

## Films

- Quantum Men (Carlos Serrano Azcona) Spain 2011
- Other Worlds (Jan Kounen) France 2004
- Bells From the Deep (Werner Herzog) Germany 1993
- The Mad Masters (Jean Rouch) France 1955
- Au pays des mages noirs (Jean Rouch) France 1947
Jocky Scott

**John 'Jocky' Alexander Scott** (born January 14, 1948 in Aberdeen) is a Scottish football manager and former player. He is currently the manager of Dundee F.C.
Real-time operating system

A **real-time operating system** (**RTOS**; commonly pronounced as "are-toss") is a multitasking operating system designed for real-time applications. Such applications include embedded systems, industrial robots, scientific research equipment and others.

An RTOS simplifies the creation of a real-time applications, but does not guarantee the final result will be real-time; this requires good development of the software.

Real-time operating systems use specialized scheduling algorithms in order to provide the real-time applications. An RTOS can respond more quickly and/or predictably to an event than other operating systems.

The main features of an RTOS are minimal interrupt latency and a minimal thread switching latency.

The basic two designs for RTOS are:

- Event-driven (priority scheduling) designs: switch tasks only when an event of higher priority needs service, called pre-emptive priority.
- Time-sharing designs: switch tasks on a clock interrupt, and on events, called round robin.

## Examples

These are the best known, most widely used real-time operating systems. See List of real-time operating systems for a full list. Also, see List of operating systems for all types of operating systems.

- Windows CE
- QNX
- RTLinux
- VxWorks
- TRON

## Related pages

- Operating system
- BIOS
- Rate-monotonic scheduling
- Adaptive Partition Scheduler
- Earliest deadline first scheduling

## Other websites

- SOOS Project
Rage (band)

**Rage** is a heavy metal band from Germany. They have been playing since 1984. Today, only Peavy Wagner is the only member in the band who has been playing since the beginning. At first they were called _Avenger_.

### Under the name Avenger

- _Prayers of Steel_ (1985)
- _Depraved to Black_ (EP, 1985)

### Albums

- Reign of Fear (1986)
- Execution Guaranteed (1987)
- Perfect Man (1988)
- Secrets in a Weird World (1989)
- Reflections of a Shadow (1990)
- Trapped (1992)
- The Missing Link (1993)
- 10 Years in Rage (1994)
- Black In Mind (1995)
- Lingua Mortis (1996)
- End of All Days (1996)
- XIII (1998)
- Ghosts (1999)
- Welcome to the Other Side (2001)
- Unity (2002)
- _Soundchaser_ (2003)
- _Speak of the Dead_ (2006)
- Carved in Stone (2008)
- Strings to a Web (2010)
- 21 (2012)
- The Devil Strikes Again (2016)

### EPs

- _Extended Power_ (1991)
- _Beyond the Wall_ (1992)
- _Refuge _(Japan) (1993)
- _Higher than the Sky_ (Japan) (1996)
- _Live from the Vault_ (Japan) (1997)

### Other

- _Power of Metal_ (Live, 1994)
- _From the Cradle to the Stage_ (Live, 2004)
- _Full Moon in St. Petersburg_ (Live, 2007)

## Other websites

- Official website
- Nuclear Blast - official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Rage
- **img**: 2008-04-01 Rage.jpg
- **img capt**: Rage live in Milano, Italy.
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Herne, Germany, Herne, Germany
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal
 Speed metal
 Thrash metal
 Power metal
 Progressive metal
- **years active**: 1984 – present
- **label**: Nuclear Blast, SPV GmbH, Noise Records, Noise
- **associated acts**: Kipelov, Stratovarius, Savage Circus
- **url**: [http://www.rage-official.com/ www.rage-official.com]
- **current members**: Peavy Wagner
Egon Schiele

**Egon Schiele** (12 June 1890 – 31 October 1918) (, or SHEE-luh) was a painter from Austria. Some people see his work as expressionist, but also in the art nouveau movement. With Gustav Klimt and Oskar Kokoschka, he was among the most important artists of Wiener Moderne.  The most important collection of Schiele's work is in the Leopold Museum in Vienna.

Schiele died of influenza, at only 28 years old of the pandemic known as Spanish flu, which killed between 20 and 100 million people.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Egon Schiele
- **image**: Egon-schiele.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **birth name**: Egon Schiele
- **birth place**: Tulln
- **death place**: Vienna
- **nationality**: Austrian
- **field**: Painting
- **training**: Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, Akademie der Bildenden Künste
- **movement**: Expressionism
- **works**: Porträt des Albert Paris von Gütersloh, 1918; Self-portrait, 1912
Reduced instruction set computer

A **reduced instruction set computing** (acronym **RISC** pronounced _risk_), represents a CPU design method to simplify instructions which "do less" but provide higher performance by making instructions execute very fast.

RISC was developed as an alternative to what is now known as CISC. However, there are CPU designs other than RISC and CISC. Some examples are VLIW, MISC, OISC, massive parallel processing, systolic array, reconfigurable computing, and dataflow architecture.

The main feature of a RISC processors is a small core logic which allows designers to increase the number of the register set and increase internal parallelism using one of the following methods:
1. Instruction level parallelism (ILP) which increases the rate at which instructions are executed within a CPU
1. Thread level parallelism (TLP)  which increases the number of threads the CPU can execute "in-parallel".

Other features, which are typically found in RISC architectures are:

- Uniform instruction format, using a single word with the opcode in the same bit positions in every instruction, requiring less decoding.
- Similar general purpose registers, allowing any register to be used by any method, simplifying compiler design. However most RISC CPUs have separate floating point registers.
- Simple addressing modes. Complex addressing performed via sequences of arithmetic and/or load-store operations.
- Few data types in hardware. Some CISCs have byte string instructions, or support complex numbers, which are almost never found on a RISC.

Well known RISC processors include Alpha, ARC, ARM, AVR, MIPS, PA-RISC, PIC, Power Architecture (including PowerPC), SuperH, and SPARC.

## Related pages

- Complex instruction set computer
- Very long instruction word
- Minimal instruction set computer
- Zero instruction set computer
- OISC
- Microprocessor
- Instruction set architecture
- Computer architecture

## Other websites

- RISC vs. CISC
- What is RISC
- RISC vs. CISC from historical perspective
Complex instruction set computer

A **complex instruction set computer** (acronym **CISC** pronounced _sisk_), represents a CPU design method in which each instruction can execute several low-level operations, such as a load from memory, an arithmetic operation, and a memory store, all in a single instruction. The term is used in contrast to reduced instruction set computer (RISC).

The terms RISC and CISC have become less meaningful with the continued improvements of both CISC and RISC designs and implementations. The first highly pipelined "CISC" implementations, such as Intel 80486 series, supports every instruction that their predecessors did, but achieved _high efficiency_ only on a few simple x86 subset (similar to a RISC instruction set, but without the _load-store_ limitations of RISC). Modern x86 processors also decode and split more complex instructions into a series of smaller internal "Micro-operations" which can thereby be executed in a pipelined (parallel) fashion, thus achieving high performance on a much larger subset of instructions.

Examples of CISC processors are the System/360 (excluding the 'scientific' Model 44), VAX, PDP-11, Motorola 68000 family, and Intel x86 architecture based processors.

## Related pages

- CPU
- RISC
- ZISC
- VLIW
- microprocessor
- CPU design
Debugger

A **debugger** is a computer program that is used to test and "debug" other programs, mainly to solve programming bugs.

Debuggers offer advanced functions such as:
1. Running a program step by step (**single-stepping**),
1. Stopping (**breaking**) (pausing the program to examine the current state) at some kind of event by means of breakpoint (a place for stopping or pausing in a program),
1. Tracking; which means following the values of some variables,
1. Some debuggers can change a program while it is running; some only watch it.

The same things that make a debugger useful for solving software bugs allow it to be used as a software cracking tool to defeat copy protection and other software protection features.

## Types of debuggers

- Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Debuggers
- Standalone Debuggers
BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra

**BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra** (formerly known as **BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra**) is a digital radio station from the BBC. It is broadcast on digital radio services and digital TV in the UK and Republic of Ireland. It is not available on normal analogue radio. It is also streamed online, however, some events are not available online, or outside the UK.

It is used to provide an additional sports commentary service when the BBC's main sports channel, BBC Radio 5 Live, is already being used.

It has given coverage of Major League Baseball's World Series since 2004.
It is also the digital radio home for Test Match Special - the station provides full commentary without the shipping forecast given by the Radio 4 long wave coverage.

Each year during Wimbledon Sports Extra provides extra court commentary for the first week of the tournament. The station also provides live coverage of the non-final rounds of the other Grand Slam tournaments.

The station first broadcast at 2.30pm on 2 February 2002. Juliette Ferrington introduced the first programme - commentary of a Manchester United against Sunderland football match.

## Related pages

- BBC Radio 5 Live

## Infobox (radio station)

- **name**: BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra
- **image**:
- **area**: United Kingdom, UK - National
- **airdate**: February 2002
- **share**: 0.3%
- **share as of**: September 2008
- **frequency**: Digital audio broadcasting, DAB: 12B
 Freeview (United Kingdom), Freeview: 706
 Freesat: 706
 Sky Digital (UK & Ireland), Sky: 0144
 Virgin Media: 908
Tiscali TV: 607
UPC Ireland: 928
  [http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio/aod/fivesportsextra.shtml?listen Live Stream] Real/WM
- **format**: Sport
- **owner**: BBC
Firmware

In computing, **firmware** is a computer program that is "embedded" in a hardware device and is an essential part of the hardware. It is sometimes called embedded software.  For example, in a microcontroller, firmware tells the microprocessor what actions to take.  Firmware can also be a larger program stored on flash memory, or uploaded onto existing hardware by a user.

As its name suggests, firmware is somewhere between hardware and software, connecting the two worlds. It can mean slightly different things to different people, especially as stand-alone electronic devices become more like computers. Like software, it is a computer program which is run by a microprocessor. But it is also linked to a piece of hardware and has no meaning without it.

## On a Computer

A computer can have both firmware and software. The firmware is permanently stored in the computer, such as the BIOS, and cannot be easily changed or added to. Software, even the OS, can be replaced by reformatting the hard drive. Software includes the applications that a person operating a computer sees, like a web browser or a word processor. Sometimes a device driver is called firmware, since it is needed to run that piece of hardware, like a printer or a video card. The device driver is on the main part of the computer and can be easily updated (if an update exists).

## On an Electronic Device

Other electronic devices may not look like a computer, but they still have an embedded system such as a microcontroller inside, with a program telling them what to do. This is also firmware. A TV cable box, an elevator controller and a card reader in a hotel door lock all run firmware. In this case, the firmware is the only software on the device and it runs everything, from handling button presses to turning motors on or off.

In the past, firmware was stored in ROMs but now it is often stored in media that can be written to such as EEPROMs and Flash. Firmware in many machines such as routers can now be updated without any special hardware, other than a computer and a USB cable. This is done by downloading a new version from the World Wide Web to update the device, using instructions from the device manufacturer.

An electronic device is said to be "bricked" if it cannot be started because of firmware issues. It is then as useful as a brick. Loading the wrong firmware into a device might cause this. Firmware is stored as a binary image file.

## Examples

Examples of firmware include:
- The BIOS found in IBM-compatible Personal Computers
- Code inside a printer (in addition to the printer driver that is on the computer)
- Software controlling a heart defibrillator
- Software controlling the lights in an office building
- Software controlling electronics in a car — the radio, the ABS (anti-lock braking system), engine controls, etc.
- Software controlling newer household appliances (microwave ovens, dishwashers, etc.)

## Related pages

- BIOS
- Real-time operating system
- Microcode
Tropical Storm Edouard (2008)

**Tropical Storm Edouard** was a tropical storm that formed in the Gulf of Mexico. A weather system became still in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico in early August. An area of low pressure formed along the shear line early on August 2, which slowly became stronger during the next day. It strengthened into Tropical Depression Five, and was named Tropical Storm Edouard on August 3. The tropical storm moved towards the west on August 4. It moved onto land on August 5 on the upper Texas coast, about 40 miles southwest of Port Arthur and moved west-northwest into inland Texas. Edouard died out over land and became a tropical depression late on August 5. The depression turned to the northwest, causing heavy rain in central Texas on August 6.

## Preparations and impact

In preparations for the storm, emergency teams along the Louisiana and Texas coasts became active. The Governor of Texas, Rick Perry, started a disaster declaration for 17 counties in Texas that were in the possible path of the storm. He also activated around 1,200 National Guard troops, a 70 member rescue team, six helicopters, and a team that brings food and water to affected areas. About 200 buses became ready for use in San Antonio and Houston to help in evacuations. Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal declared a statewide emergency. In Cameron Parish, Louisiana, the Office of Emergency Preparedness started a mandatory evacuation, and Sheriff's deputies put up roadblocks. In the Gulf of Mexico, the Shell Oil company removed about 40 workers from drilling locations.

Storm surge from the storm reached  at Freshwater Locks in Louisiana, and also reached  at Rollover Pass in Texas.  Heavy rain fell along the upper Texas coast. The highest rainfall in Jefferson county from Edouard was  from a site along the East Bay Bayou at Jones and Allen.  In the Houston, Texas area,  of rain faell at the Baytown Emergency Management Center.  In central Texas, a cluster of thunderstorms near the center of the storm on August 6 caused  of rain near Hamilton, Texas. The strongest winds of  at the caused loss of electric power and a few fallen trees.

## Related pages

- Tropical cyclone
- National Hurricane Center

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Tropical Storm Edouard
- **type**: Tropical storm
- **year**: 2008
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Edouard 04 August 2008.jpg
- **image name**: Edouard in Gulf of Mexico
- **formed**: August 3, 2008
- **dissipated**: August 8, 2008
- **1-min winds**: 55
- **pressure**: 997
- **fatalities**: None
- **areas**: Louisiana, Texas
- **hurricane season**: 2008 Atlantic hurricane season
Discriminant

In algebra, the **discriminant**, sometimes represented by the symbol , is an algebraic expression used to determine the number of roots a polynomial have.

For example, the discriminant of the quadratic polynomial
-       is       .

If the discriminant is larger than zero, then the polynomial has two (distinct) real numbers as roots.

If the discriminant is equal to zero, then the polynomial has two repeating real numbers as roots (i.e., exactly one real root).

If the discriminant is smaller than zero, then the polynomial has two (purely) complex numbers as roots (i.e., zero real root).

Apart for quadratic polynomials, discriminants can be defined for cubic polynomials, general conic equations, and other mathematical entities such as differential equations and quadratic forms as well.

## Related pages

- Equation solving
- Quadratic equation
Single event upset

A **single event upset** (**SEU**) is a change of state caused by a low-energy ions or electro-magnetic or nuclear radiation or any other kind of interferences that can reach (called _"strike"_) a sensitive node in a micro-electronic device, such as in a microprocessor, semiconductor memory, or power transistors. The error in the device output or operation caused as a result of the strike is called a SEU or a soft error. The SEU itself is not considered permanent damage to the transistor's, circuits' or devices'.
Chris Gbandi

**Chris Gbandi** is a football player. He plays for Haugesund and Liberia national team.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Chris Gbandi
- **image**: Chris Gbandi.jpg
- **fullname**: Chris Gbandi
- **birth place**: Bong County, Bong Mines, Liberia
- **position**: Left back
- **currentclub**: UConn Huskies men's soccer, UConn Huskies (head coach)
- **collegeyears1**: 1998–2001
- **college1**: UConn Huskies men's soccer, UConn Huskies
- **years1**: 2002–2007
- **clubs1**: FC Dallas
- **caps1**: 111
- **goals1**: 3
- **years2**: 2008–2009
- **clubs2**: FK Haugesund, Haugesund
- **caps2**: 37
- **goals2**: 5
- **years3**: 2010
- **clubs3**: Fort Lauderdale Strikers (2006–2016), Miami FC
- **caps3**: 19
- **goals3**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2004
- **nationalteam1**: Liberia national football team, Liberia
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **pcupdate**: September 25, 2010
- **ntupdate**: July 16, 2006
- **manageryears1**: 2011
- **managerclubs1**: UConn Huskies men's soccer, University of Connecticut (assistant)
- **manageryears2**: 2012–13
- **managerclubs2**: Holy Cross Crusaders men's soccer, Holy Cross (assistant)
- **manageryears3**: 2014–2015
- **managerclubs3**: Dartmouth Big Green men's soccer, Dartmouth Big Green (assistant)
- **manageryears4**: 2016–2021
- **managerclubs4**: Northeastern Huskies men's soccer, Northeastern Huskies
- **manageryears5**: 2022–
- **managerclubs5**: UConn Huskies men's soccer, UConn Huskies
Matthew Wolfenden (footballer)

**Matthew Wolfenden** (born 23 July 1987) is an English footballer who plays as a striker for North West Counties League team Avro.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Matthew Wolfenden
- **birth place**: Oldham, England
- **currentclub**: Avro F.C., Avro
- **position**: Attacking midfielder / Forward (association football), Striker
- **youthyears1**: –2003
- **youthclubs1**: Oldham Athletic A.F.C., Oldham Athletic
- **years1**: 2003–2009
- **years2**: 2009–2010
- **years3**: 2010–2017
- **years4**: 2017–2019
- **years5**: 2019–2020
- **years6**: 2021–
- **clubs1**: Oldham Athletic A.F.C., Oldham Athletic
- **clubs2**: Wrexham A.F.C., Wrexham
- **clubs3**: F.C. United of Manchester, FC United of Manchester
- **clubs4**: Stalybridge Celtic F.C., Stalybridge Celtic
- **clubs5**: Radcliffe F.C., Radcliffe FC
- **clubs6**: Avro F.C., Avro
- **caps1**: 48
- **caps2**: 17
- **caps3**: 305
- **caps4**: 73
- **caps6**: 4
- **goals1**: 5
- **goals2**: 1
- **goals3**: 94
- **goals4**: 21
- **goals6**: 1
- **club-update**: 18:50, 22 January 2017 (UTC)
Arthur Wharton

**Arthur Wharton** (28 October 1865 – 12 December 1930) was a English former football player. He is believed to be the first black professional football player in the world.
Sandy Martens

**Sandy Martens** (born 23 December 1972) was a Belgian football player. He has played for Belgium national team.

## Career statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Continental|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1993–94|Olsa Brakel||30|18|||||||||
|1994–95|Gent|First Division|31|10|||||||||
|1995–96|32|9|||||||||||
|1996–97|30|6|||||||||||
|1997–98|22|6|||||||||||
|1998–99|28|8|||||||||||
|1999–00|Club Brugge|First Division|29|4|||||||||
|2000–01|31|8|||||||||||
|2001–02|26|5|||||||||||
|2002–03|30|14|||||||||||
|2003–04|15|2|||||||||||
|2003–04|Gent|First Division|11|0|||||||||
|2004–05|3|1|||||||||||
|2005–06|28|2|||||||||||
|2006–07|7|1|||||||||||
|2007–08|Beveren|Second Division|26|5|||||||||
|2008–09|||||||||||||

## Honours

**Club Brugge**
- Belgian First Division A: 2002–03
- Belgian Cup: 2001–02
- Belgian Super Cup: 2002

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Sandy Martens
- **birth place**: Opbrakel, East Flanders, Belgium
- **position**: Defender (football), Defender
- **youthyears1**: 1981–1993
- **youthclubs1**: Olsa Brakel
- **years1**: 1991–1994
- **years2**: 1994–1999
- **years3**: 1999–2003
- **years4**: 2004–2007
- **years5**: 2007–2008
- **years6**: 2008–2011
- **years7**: 2012–2013
- **clubs1**: Olsa Brakel
- **clubs2**: K.A.A. Gent, Gent
- **clubs3**: Club Brugge KV, Club Brugge
- **clubs4**: K.A.A. Gent, Gent
- **clubs5**: K.S.K. Beveren, KSK Beveren
- **clubs6**: KSV Oudenaarde
- **clubs7**: KVV Windeke
- **caps1**: 30
- **caps2**: 143
- **caps3**: 130
- **caps4**: 49
- **caps5**: 26
- **caps6**: 24
- **goals1**: 18
- **goals2**: 39
- **goals3**: 34
- **goals4**: 4
- **goals5**: 5
- **goals6**: 6
- **nationalyears1**: 1999–2003
- **nationalteam1**: Belgium national football team, Belgium
- **nationalcaps1**: 11
- **nationalgoals1**: 3
- **manageryears1**: 2012
- **managerclubs1**: K.A.A. Gent, Gent (youth)
- **manageryears2**: 2012–2013
- **managerclubs2**: KVV Windeke (playing coach)