juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Robert Aumann

**Robert John Aumann** (Hebrew name: , _Yisrael Aumann_; born June 8, 1930) is an Israeli-American mathematician and economist. He is a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences.
He is specialized in mathematical economics and game theory. Aumann won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2005 for his work on conflict through game-theory analysis. He shared the prize with Thomas Schelling.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2020.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Robert Aumann
- **image**: ישראל אומן 2010.jpg
- **image size**: 180px
- **birth name**: Robert John Aumann
- **birth place**: Frankfurt am Main, Weimar Germany, Germany
- **nationality**: Israel, United States
- **workplaces**: Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Stony Brook University
- **field**: Mathematical economics
Game theory
- **alma mater**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
City College of New York
- **influences**: George Whitehead, Jr.
- **awards**: Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, John von Neumann Theory Prize, Harvey Prize in Science and Technology, Israel Prize for Economical Research
Monty Alexander

**Monty Alexander** (born **Montgomery Bernard Alexander**; June 6, 1944) is a jazz pianist, who also plays the melodica. His career began in 1958.

He was born in Kingston, Jamaica, but was raised in Miami, Florida. He was married to musician Emily Remler, but their marriage ended in divorce.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Monty Alexander
- **image**: Monty Alexander.jpg
- **caption**: Monty Alexander at Ronnie Scotts Jazz venue, London
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Montgomery Bernard Alexander
- **birth place**: Kingston, Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica
- **instrument**: Piano, melodica
- **genre**: Jazz, reggae
- **occupation**: Musician
- **years active**: 1958–present
- **website**: [http://montyalexander.com/ montyalexander.com]
Satellite state

A **satellite state** is an officially independent country that is strongly influenced or controlled by another country.
Unlike puppet states, satellite states are generally internationally recognized by most countries, as most of them were already independent countries, which later came under the influence of more powerful countries. Examples of satellite states include the Warsaw Pact countries which were called Soviet satellite states, because they were influenced by the Soviet Union. Belarus is currently a satellite state of Russia.

## Related pages

- Puppet state
- Client state
Lossy compression

**Lossy compression** is a form of data compression where parts of the data are lost in the process. When a compressed data is returned to normal some data is lost. Lossy compression is used to greatly reduce the size of a computer file when it is stored, handled, or transmitted. As an example, JPEG is a lossy compression format. GIF and PNG are lossless compression systems. Other lossy compression systems are MP3 for sound files and WMV for video. If a file were to be compressed too much, it would cause the file to be noticeably lower in quality.
Fangbone

***Fangbone*** Aventuras Cavernícolas is a Canadian animated television series. It is produced by Radical Sheep Productions and distributed by Disney XD Canada. The series is based on the New York Times best-selling comic books by Michael Rex. The first episode aired in March 2016. The last episode was in January 2017.

The series' pilot first aired in Canada. It won numerous awards including Best One-Off Or Special from the 2015 Kidscreen Awards, Best Animated Writing from the 2015 Writer's Guild Of Canada Awards, and Best TV Show Ages 9-14 from the 2015 Youth Media Alliance Awards. It was also nominated for Best Animated Series at the 2015 Canadian Screen Awards.

## Plot

Fangbone is a nine-year-old barbarian warrior from Skullbania. He has landed in Eastwood Elementary's third grade class to save his native land from the villain, Venomous Drool. With the help of his new friend Bill, a lovable, normal, goofy kid, Fangbone beats his enemies while discovering the modern world.

## Broadcast

A pilot for the series premiered on Disney XD Canada in 2014. Soon after, production began on a first season. This first aired in March 2016 in North America.
Toba catastrophe

The **Toba catastrophe** was the largest volcanic eruption in the last 2.6 million years. It is called a catastrophe because its effects may have damaged the human species.

## The eruption

Lake Toba in Sumatra, Indonesia, is the site of a supervolcanic eruption that occurred 73,000 (±4000 years) years ago.
It was a climate-changing event. The eruption was two orders of magnitude (= x100) larger than the largest known historic eruption, that of Tambora, also in Indonesia.

This eruption was the last and largest of four eruptions of Toba during the Quaternary epoch. It had an estimated Volcanic Explosivity Index of 8 (described as "apocalyptic"). It made a sizable contribution to the 100x30 km caldera complex. The mass it threw out was 100 times greater than the largest volcanic eruption in recent history. That was the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia, which caused the 1816 "Year Without a Summer" in the northern hemisphere.

## Consequences

The eruption of Toba led to a volcanic winter with a worldwide decline in temperatures between 3-5 degrees C, and up to 15 degrees C in higher latitudes.

### Effect on humans

According to the **Toba catastrophe theory**, it had global consequences. It killed most humans then alive. It created a population bottleneck in Central Eastern Africa and India that affected the genetic inheritance of all humans today.

According to the theory, only 10,000 (perhaps only 1,000) pairs of humans survived the disaster. Perhaps it led to the other hominids becoming extinct, though the Neanderthals certainly survived in Eurasia.

There is no direct evidence that the theory is correct. And there is no evidence for any other animal decline or extinction, even in environmentally sensitive species. There is evidence that human habitation continued in India after the eruption. The theory in its strongest form seems to be incorrect.
Laurie Strode

**Laurie Strode** is a fictional character in the _Halloween_ movies. The first movie she was in was the 1978 movie. She is an example of the "final girl" character, the last girl alive to fight the killer in a movie.

Jamie Lee Curtis was the first actress to play Laurie Strode.
Heather Thomas

**Heather Thomas** (born September 8, 1957) is an American actress and writer. She is also a political activist. She co-starred as Judy Banks on _The Fall Guy_.

Thomas was born in Greenwich, Connecticut.
Dick Ayers

**Richard Bache** "**Dick**" **Ayers** (April 28, 1924 – May 4, 2014) was an American comic book artist and cartoonist. He was best known for his work as one of Jack Kirby's inkers during the Silver Age of Comics period in the late-1950s and 1960s. He worked on some of the earliest issues of Marvel Comics' _The Fantastic Four_. He was born in Ossining, New York.

Ayers died on May 4, 2014 in White Plains, New York, aged 90.
Palaeothere

**Palaeotheres** are an extinct group of herbivorous mammals. They are related to tapirs and rhinoceros, and probably ancestral to horses. They ranged across Europe and Asia during the Eocene and Oligocene 5528 million years ago.

They were small to medium-sized. They lived in dense forests. They ate soft leaves, shoots, berries, and leaf matter picked up from the forest floor.

Genera:
- _Palaeotherium_
- _Hyracotherium_
- _Anchilophus_
- _Lophiotherium_
- _Propachynolophus_
Flatland

***Flatland*** is a novella by Edwin Abbott Abbott. It is set in a fictional two-dimensional world. The books is a satire on society in the Victorian era, where shapes are given jobs and roles based on how many sides they have. It also looks at dimensions, with math, shapes, and geometry.
Our Lady of Lourdes

**Our Lady of Lourdes** is a name for the Virgin Mary recalling Marian apparitions near Lourdes, France.  The first appearance was on 11 February 1858. It was seen by Bernadette Soubirous, 14 years old, made saint by the Catholic Church in 1933. "Our Lady" was standing in a niche above the main cavity of the Massabielle grotto. Seventeen more appearances were reported that year. In the course of the apparitions, our Lady instructed Bernadette to go in the nearby ground; a spring with healing properties flowed, still active today. After detailed investigation, the apparitions were approved for devotion by the Catholic Church.

Following a request of the Virgin Mary to Bernadette, a chapel at the grotto was built. Subsequently, due to the great increase of people visiting the chapel following the apparitions, a shrine was also built becoming a popular place of pilgrimage and prayer.

During the years, many miraculous healings have been recognized by the Catholic Church, with the support of medical consultation; a large group of physicians was permanently established in the site to provide continuous advice. Also, many conversions are reported.

The statue of the Lady of Lourdes with a white veil, a white robe with a blue ribbon and at the feet two golden roses, holding a crown of the Holy Rosary prayer, is a representation of the Virgin Mary as described by Saint Bernadette.

The feast day of Our Lady of Lourdes is February 11.

## Infobox (catholic apparition)

- **name**: Our Lady of Lourdes
- **image**: VirgendeLourdes.JPG
- **caption**: rock cave where Soubirous saw the apparition
- **size**: 220px
- **location**: Lourdes, France
- **date**: 11 February 1858
- **witness**: Bernadette Soubirous, Saint Bernadette Soubirous
- **type**: Marian apparition
- **approval**: 1862, during the pontificate of Pope Pius IX
- **shrine**: Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes, Lourdes, France
Helga Königsdorf

**Helga Königsdorf** (**Helga Bunke**; July 13, 1938 – May 4, 2014) was a German author and physicist. Her writings helped women's rights in Germany during the 1970s and 1980s. She worked with Christa Wolf, Brigitte Reimann and Maxie Wander. She retired in 1990. Königsdorf was born in Gera, Germany.

Königsdorf died in Berlin, Germany from Parkinson's disease, aged 75.
Division of Herbert

The **Division of Herbert** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was one of the 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is in northern Queensland, and is named after Sir Robert Herbert, the first Premier of Queensland (1859–1866). In 1901 the division covered an area from Mackay to the Torres Strait, but today it only covers an area around the city of Townsville, as well as some nearby islands, including Magnetic Island, Orpheus Island and Palm Island.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||rowspan="3"|Fred Bamford|Labor|1901–1916|
|||National Labor|1917–1917|||
|||Nationalist|1916–1925|||
|||Lewis Nott|Nationalist|1925–1928||
|||George Martens|Labor|1928–1946||
|||Bill Edmonds|Labor|1946–1958||
|||John Murray|Liberal|1958–1961||
|||Ted Harding|Labor|1961–1966||
|||Robert Bonnett|Liberal|1966–1977||
|||Gordon Dean|Liberal|1977–1983||
|||Ted Lindsay|Labor|1983–1996||
|||Peter Lindsay|Liberal|1996–2010||
|||Ewen Jones|Liberal National|2010–2016||
|||Cathy O'Toole|Labor|2016–2019||
|||Phillip Thompson|Liberal National|2019–present||

## Other websites

- Division of Herbert (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission
- Ewen Jones' website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Herbert
- **caption**: Interactive map of boundaries (excluding outer islands)
- **created**: 1901
- **mp**: Phillip Thompson
- **mp-party**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **namesake**: Robert Herbert
- **electors**: 97,236 (2013)
- **area**: 946
- **class**: Provincial
Eduardo Mac Entyre

**Eduardo Mac Entyre** (20 February 1929 – 5 May 2014) was an Argentine artist. He was known for his geometric paintings. Mac Entyre has also created a body of more traditional Abstract, Cubist and Figurative art.

He was honored by the Organization of American States in 1986 for his works to Modern art in Latin America and his work is widely displayed in Argentina and elsewhere. He was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Entyre died in Buenos Aires, Argentina, aged 85.
Billy Frank Jr.

**Billy Frank, Jr.** (March 9, 1931 – May 5, 2014) was a Native American environmental leader and treaty rights activist. Frank is known for his grassroots campaign for fishing rights on the tribe’s Nisqually River in Washington. He was mostly active during the 1960s and 1970s. He helped keep natural resources in the state. He was born in Nisqually, Washington.

Frank died on May 5, 2014, aged 83.
Butler Derrick

**Butler Carson Derrick, Jr. ** (September 30, 1936 – May 5, 2014) was an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from South Carolina. Derrick was a representative for South Carolina's 3rd district. He served from 1975 to 1995. He was succeeded by Lindsey Graham. Derrick was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts.

Derrick died in Easley, South Carolina from cancer, aged 77.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Butler Derrick
- **term end1**: January 3, 1975
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **death place**: Easley, South Carolina, United States, U.S.
- **birth place**: Springfield, Massachusetts, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, U.S.
- **birth name**: Butler Carson Derrick Jr.
- **successor1**: Constituency abolished
- **predecessor1**: Walter Clark
- **term start1**: January 14, 1969
- **image**: Congressman Butler Derrick.jpg
- **district1**: Edgefield County, South Carolina, Edgefield County
- **state house1**: South Carolina
- **successor**: Lindsey Graham
- **predecessor**: William Jennings Bryan Dorn
- **term end**: January 3, 1995
- **term start**: January 3, 1975
- **state**: South Carolina
- **education**: University of South Carolina, University of South Carolina, Columbia (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of Georgia (Bachelor of Laws, LLB)
Wil Albeda

**Willem (Wil) Albeda** (13 June 1925 - 6 May 2014) was a Dutch politician. From 1966, he was member and from 1973 chairman of the Anti-Revolutionary Party group in the Senate. He was Minister of Social Affairs in the first cabinet Van Agt. After this he returned to the Senate. He later became chairman of the Scientific Council for Government Policy.

Albeda was born in Rotterdam. He died in Maastricht, aged 88.

## Other websites

- Bio at Parlement.com
Otto Carius

**Otto Carius** (27 May 1922 – 24 January 2015) was a German former Nazi tank commander. He destroyed over 150 foreign tanks. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. After the war, Carius worked as a pharmacist. He also wrote books about his experiences during the war.

Carius was born in Zweibrücken, Weimar Germany. He died from a short illness in Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Germany, aged 92.
Keith Harvey Miller

**Keith Harvey Miller** (March 1, 1925 – March 2, 2019) was a Republican politician from Alaska. He was the second Secretary of State of Alaska, under Governor Walter Hickel. When Hickel resigned in 1969, Miller became Governor. He was governor until December 5, 1970.

Miller died from pancreatic cancer while in hospice in Anchorage a day after his 94th birthday on March 2, 2019.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Keith Miller
- **image**: Keith H. Miller.jpg
- **order**: 3rd
- **office**: Governor of Alaska
- **lieutenant**: Robert W. Ward, Robert Ward
- **term start**: January 29, 1969
- **term end**: December 5, 1970
- **predecessor**: Wally Hickel
- **successor**: William Allen Egan, William Egan
- **office1**: List of lieutenant governors of Alaska, Secretary of State of Alaska
- **governor1**: Wally Hickel
- **term start1**: December 5, 1966
- **term end1**: January 29, 1969
- **predecessor1**: Hugh Wade
- **successor1**: Robert W. Ward, Robert Ward
- **birth place**: Seattle, Washington (state), Washington, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Anchorage, Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **alma mater**: University of Washington, University of Washington, Seattle
Frank Murkowski

**Frank Hughes Murkowski** (; born March 28, 1933) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was a United States Senator from Alaska from 1981 until 2002. He was the eighth Governor of Alaska, from 2002 until 2006. His daughter is U.S. Senator Lisa Murkowski.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Frank Murkowski
- **image**: Frank Murkowski (R-AK) (tight crop).jpg
- **order**: 8th List of governors of Alaska, Governor of Alaska
- **lieutenant**: Loren Leman
- **term start**: December 2, 2002
- **term end**: December 4, 2006
- **predecessor**: Tony Knowles (politician), Tony Knowles
- **successor**: Sarah Palin
- **jr/sr1**: United States Senator
- **state1**: Alaska
- **term start1**: January 3, 1981
- **term end1**: December 2, 2002
- **predecessor1**: Mike Gravel
- **successor1**: Lisa Murkowski
- **office2**: 3rd Alaska Department of Commerce, Community and Economic Development, Alaska Commissioner of Economic Development
- **governor2**: Wally Hickel
Keith Harvey Miller, Keith Miller
- **term start2**: December 5, 1966
- **term end2**: December 7, 1970
- **predecessor2**: William Dickson
- **successor2**: Everett Buness
- **birth name**: Frank Hughes Murkowski
- **birth place**: Seattle, Washington (state), Washington, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 6, including Lisa Murkowski, Lisa
- **education**: Seattle University (Bachelor of Science, BS)
- **serviceyears**: 1955–1957
Bill Sheffield

**William Jennings Sheffield, Jr.** (June 26, 1928 – November 4, 2022) was an American Democratic politician. He was the fifth Governor of Alaska from 1982 to 1986. Sheffield's term as governor was marked by controversy including attempts to have him impeached. He was born in Spokane, Washington. He died at his Anchorage home on November 4, 2022. He was 94.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bill Sheffield
- **image**: Bill Sheffield 1989.jpg
- **caption**: Sheffield, 1989
- **order**: 5th List of governors of Alaska, Governor of Alaska
- **lieutenant**: Steve McAlpine
- **term start**: December 6, 1982
- **term end**: December 1, 1986
- **predecessor**: Jay Hammond
- **successor**: Steve Cowper
- **birth name**: William Jennings Sheffield Jr.
- **birth place**: Spokane, Washington, U.S.
- **death place**: Anchorage, Alaska, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: DeVry University
- **signature**: Bill Sheffield signature.svg
- **serviceyears**: 1946-1949
Al Quie

**Albert Harold "Al" Quie** (September 18, 1923 – August 18, 2023) was an American politician. He was the 35th Governor of Minnesota, from January 4, 1979 to January 3, 1983. Quie was born in Dennison, Minnesota. From 1958 until 1979, he was a member of the United States House of Representatives.

Quie died on August 18, 2023, at his home in Wayzata, Minnesota, one month before his 100th birthday.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Al Quie
- **image**: Albert Quie (2014).jpg
- **order**: 35th Governor of Minnesota
- **lieutenant**: Lou Wangberg
- **term start**: January 4, 1979
- **term end**: January 3, 1983
- **predecessor**: Rudy Perpich
- **successor**: Rudy Perpich
- **state1**: Minnesota
- **term start1**: February 18, 1958
- **term end1**: January 3, 1979
- **predecessor1**: August H. Andresen, August Andresen
- **successor1**: Arlen Erdahl
- **state senate2**: Minnesota
- **district2**: 18th
- **term start2**: January 3, 1965
- **term end2**: January 3, 1967
- **predecessor2**: Homer Covert
- **successor2**: Arnin Sundet
- **birth name**: Albert Harold Quie
- **birth place**: Dennison, Minnesota, Dennison, Minnesota, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Wayzata, Minnesota, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **spouse**: Gretchen Hansen
- **alma mater**: St. Olaf College
Dennison, Minnesota

**Dennison** is a city in Goodhue County and Rice County, Minnesota. It has a population of 223 residents in 2020. Most of it is in Goodhue.
Wendell R. Anderson

**Wendell Richard Anderson** (February 1, 1933 – July 17, 2016) was an American politician. He was the 33rd Governor of Minnesota from January 4, 1971 to December 29, 1976. In late 1976, he resigned to be named U.S. Senator. He replaced Senator Walter Mondale, who had been elected Vice President of the United States. Anderson was in the U.S. Senate from December 30, 1976 until December 29, 1978. He was a member of the Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party.

Anderson died on July 17, 2016 from pneumonia in St. Paul, Minnesota, aged 83.
Arne Carlson

**Arne Helge Carlson, Sr.** (born September 24, 1934) is an American politician. He was the 37th Governor of Minnesota, from 1991 to 1999. He was a member of the Republican Party. Carlson was born in New York City, New York.
Winfield Dunn

**Bryant Winfield Culberson Dunn** (July 1, 1927 – September 28, 2024) was an American politician, dentist, and medical industry official. He was Governor of Tennessee from 1971 to 1975. He was the state's first Republican governor in fifty years, and was the sixth one since the Civil War.

Dunn ran for a second term in 1986. He lost to Ned McWherter. He remained active in the Republican Party and the medical field after his term as governor.

Dunn was born in Meridian, Mississippi.

Dunn died on September 28, 2024 from natural causes at his home in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 97.

## Other websites

- Governor Winfield Dunn – entry at the National Governors Association
- Governor Winfield Dunn Papers (finding aid)  – Tennessee State Library and Archives
- Portrait painting of Governor Dunn  – Tennessee Portrait Project
- Portrait photograph of Governor Dunn – Tennessee State Library and Archives

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Winfield Dunn
- **image**: Winfield Dunn 2007.jpg
- **order**: 43rd Governor of Tennessee
- **lieutenant**: John Shelton Wilder, John Wilder
- **term start**: January 16, 1971
- **term end**: January 18, 1975
- **predecessor**: Buford Ellington
- **successor**: Ray Blanton
- **birth name**: Bryant Winfield Culberson Dunn
- **birth place**: Meridian, Mississippi, U.S.
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 3
- **occupation**: Dentist
- **father**: Aubert C. Dunn
- **education**: University of Mississippi, University of Mississippi, Oxford
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis
- **serviceyears**: 1944–1946
- **battles**: World War II
Make-A-Wish Foundation

The **Make-A-Wish Foundation** is a non-profit organization. It helps children that have life-threatening medical conditions by arranging experiences known as "wishes". These might include going to a special place (like Disney World), meeting a famous person, or having a unique experience. As of 2022, Make-A-Wish had granted over 520,000 wishes for children around the world.

The age limit is between 2 and a half and 18 at the time of referral. The child's physician decides if they are eligible.

The organization is based in Phoenix, Arizona. David A. Williams is the President and CEO of Make-A-Wish America.

Professional wrestler John Cena holds the record for granting the most wishes: over 450.

## Other websites

- Official website
Gotham (TV series)

***Gotham*** is an American television series created by Bruno Heller. It is based on the characters of DC Comics. It is set in Gotham City, but was filmed in New York City and parts of Chicago and Detroit.

The show takes place when then-rookie detective police officer James Gordon is trying to find out why Bruce Wayne's parents were murdered. It stars Ben McKenzie, David Mazouz, Jada Pinkett Smith, and Sean Pertwee. It was aired by Fox. The first episode aired in fall 2014, and the last episode aired in the spring of 2017.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Gotham-LOGO.png
- **developer**: Bruno Heller
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 5
- **num episodes**: 100
- **list episodes**: List of Gotham episodes
- **location**: New York City, New York (state), New York
- **runtime**: 42–49 minutes
- **network**: Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox
- **related**: _Pennyworth (TV series), Pennyworth_
Benjamin McKenzie

**Benjamin McKenzie Schenkkan** (born September 12, 1978) is an American comedian, actor and producer. He is also known as **Benjamin McKenzie** and **Ben McKenzie**, and was born in Austin, Texas. He plays Ryan Atwood in the television series _The O.C._ and Ben Sherman in _Southland_. He has also appeared on the television show, Gotham.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ben McKenzie
- **image**: Benjamin McKenzie at the Paley Center for Media, New York City, New York - 20110531-02.jpg
- **image size**: 200
- **caption**: McKenzie in 2011
- **birth name**: Benjamin McKenzie Schenkkan
- **birth place**: Austin, Texas, U.S.
- **education**: Stephen F. Austin Texas High School (Austin, Texas)
- **alma mater**: University of Virginia (B.A.)
- **known for**: The O.C., Gotham (TV series), Gotham
- **nationality**: American
- **years active**: 2000-present
- **children**: 1
Michael Elgin

**Aaron Michael Frobel** is a Canadian professional wrestler. He is better known by his ring name **Michael Elgin**. He regularly works for Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG) and is best known for his time with Ring of Honor (ROH). Elgin was the winner of the 2011 Survival of the Fittest tournament. On July 4, 2013, Elgin married fellow professional wrestler Rachel Collins.

## Championships

- **Absolute Intense Wrestling
    - AIW Absolute Championship (one time, current)
- **All American Wrestling**
    - AAW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
    - AAW Heritage Championship (one time)
    - AAW Tag Team Championship (one time, current) (with Ethan Page)
    - Third AAW Triple Crown Champion
- **Alpha-1 Wrestling**
    - A1 Zero Gravity Championship (one time)
- **BSE Pro**
    - BSE Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Ashley Sixx)
- **Great Canadian Wrestling**
    - GCW National Championship (two times)
    - GCW Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Jake O'Reilly (one) and Havok/Derek Wylde (one))<sup>1</sup>
- **Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South**
    - IWA Mid-South Strong Style Championship (one time)
- **Pro Wrestling Guerrilla**
    - PWG World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Brian Cage)
- **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
    - He was ranked **#37** of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2013.
- **Ring of Honor**
    - ROH World Championship (1 time)
    - Survival of the Fittest (2011)
- **Wrestling Observer Newsletter'''
    - 5 Star Match (2012) (vs. Davey Richards on March 31)

<small><sup>1</sup>He first won the championship with Havok, but Derek Wylde would later replace Havok as Elgin's tag team partner and co-champion during the reign</small>

## Other websites

- Ring of Honor profile

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Michael Elgin
- **image**: Michael Elgin SCW 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Elgin at a Squared Circle Wrestling event in Vaughan, Ontario in June 2012
- **names**: **Michael Elgin**
- **billed**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
- **trainer**: Joe Hitchen, Joe E. Legend
Rob Fuego
Tyson Dux
- **debut**: 2004
Hyaenodontidae

The **Hyaenodontidae** ("Hyaena teeth") is a family of the extinct order Creodonta, which contains several dozen genera.

The Hyaenodonts were important mammalian predators that arose during the late Paleocene and persisted well into the Miocene.  They were more widespread and successful than their sister family, the oxyaenids.

## General characteristics

They had long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies, and a tendency to walk on their toes rather than flat-footed (plantigrade). They ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. _Hyaenodon gigas_, the larger species, was as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder, 10 feet long and weighed about 500 kg, but most were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. Fossil evidence of their skulls shows that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for slicing, rather than crushing.

## Teeth

Hyaenodonts were mainly meat-eaters. They did not crack main bones because they lacked
crushing teeth. This contrasts with modern hyaenas, which can crush bones of larger prey. This gives then a good source of calcium, and access to the highly nutritious bone marrow. Modern bears and dogs also have bone-crushing capability, though not to the same extent as hyaenas. Hyaenodonts thus thus lacked dental versatility  for processing any foods other than meat.

The carnassials in a hyaenodontid are generally the second upper and third lower molars. However, some hyaenodontids had as many as three pairs of carnassials or carnassial-like molar teeth in their jaws.

## Life-style

Because of their size range, it is probable that different species hunted in different ways and allowed them to fill many different predatory niches. Smaller ones would hunt in packs during the night like wolves, and bigger, fiercer ones would hunt alone during the daylight, using their sheer size and their mighty jaws as their principal weapon.
Methanogen

**Methanogens** are microorganisms that make methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions. The organisms are archaea,  a different domain from bacteria.  They are common in wetlands, where they make marsh gas.

Methanogens are also common in the digestive tracts of animals such as ruminants and humans. Methane is often belched out.

In marine sediments methane is produced when sulfates are low. This happens below the top layers. Methanogenic archaea populations play an important role in anaerobic wastewater treatments. Some methanogens are extremophiles, found in environments such as hot springs and submarine hydrothermal vents as well as in the "solid" rock of the Earth's crust, kilometers below the surface.

Methanogens convert acetic acid to methane in a fermentation process. Do not confuse them with methanotrophs, which use up methane for their carbon and energy requirements. Methanogens were discovered in 1776 and were formed 3.6 billion years ago.
Selfie

A **selfie** is a self-portrait photograph. It is typically taken with a hand-held digital camera or camera phone.

One of the first self-portraits was taken in 1839 by Robert Cornelius, an American photographer. The term "selfie" was first used by photographer Jim Krause in 2005.

## Selfies by animals

A black crested macaque (_Macaca nigra_) stole a camera, and took a photo of herself. The selfie seemed to set a legal precedent when the Wikimedia Foundation rejected a copyright claim. The ground was that a non-human could not own a copyright, and the camera owner had not taken the photo, and so also could not own the copyright. And so, the photo was not under copyright.
La Crosse, Wisconsin

**La Crosse** is a city in the southwestern part of Wisconsin. The University of Wisconsin-La Crosse is there. The 2020 census counted 52,680 people living there.

It is across from Winona, Minnesota. The city was incorporated in 1856.
Concrete pump

A **concrete pump** is a machine to move liquid concrete by using a pump. The pump uses piston pumps to move the concrete.

Types of concrete pumps:
- Trailer-mounted boom concrete pump
- Truck-mounted concrete pump or trailer-mounted concrete pump
Chamba State

**Chamba State** was one of the oldest Princely states in present-day Republic of India. It was founded during the late 6th century. It is in the Himalaya mountains.

## Infobox (former subdivision)

- **native name**: चम्बा रियासत
- **conventional long name**: Chamba State
- **common name**: Chamba
- **nation**: British India
- **subdivision**: Princely State
- **year start**: ca 550
- **year end**: 1948
- **event end**: Accession to the Indian Union
- **s1**: India
- **flag s1**: Flag of India.svg
- **image flag**: Drapeau Chamba.png
- **image coat**: Chamba State Coat of Arms.png
- **image map**: Chamba Kangra Bilaspur Mandi Kulu 1911.jpeg
- **image map caption**: 1911 map of the Princely States of the Shimla Hills showing the boundaries of Chamba State.
- **stat area1**: 8099
- **stat year1**: 1892
- **stat pop1**: 115773
- **today**: Himachal Pradesh, India
- **footnotes**: [http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/c/chamba.html Chamba Princely State]
Wild Bill Hickok

**James Butler Hickok** (May 27, 1837 – August 2, 1876) was a figure in the American Old West. He was also known as **"Wild Bill" Hickok**. He was a gunfighter, gambler, and lawman.

## Biography

Hickok was born and raised on a farm in Homer, Illinois (now Troy Grove, Illinois). He went west at age 18 as a fugitive from justice. He worked first as a stagecoach driver, then as a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska.

He fought (and spied) for the Union Army during the American Civil War. After the war, he gained fame as a scout, marksman, actor, and professional gambler.  Calamity Jane claimed in her autobiography that she was married to Hickok and  divorced him.

Hickok was involved in several notable shootouts. He was shot from behind and killed while playing poker in a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory. The card hand he held at the time of his death is known today as poker's "Dead Man's Hand". In 1979, Hickok was inducted into the Poker Hall of Fame.

## Other websites

- James Butler “Wild Bill” Hickok
- Wild Bill Hickok collection, Nebraska State Historical Society
Nick Cvjetkovich

**Nicholas "Nick" Cvjetkovich** (born August 29, 1973) is a Canadian professional wrestler, television actor, comic book artist and tattoo artist. Cvjetkovich is best known for his short time with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where he wrestled on their _SmackDown_ brand under the ring name **Kizarny**. Cvjetkovich has also worked for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name **Sinn**. He currently competes on the independent circuit.

He is childhood friend with Edge and Christian. He is also a close friend and protégé of Jake "The Snake" Roberts. Cvjetkovich married former professional wrestling valet Stacy Carter on August 2, 2010. The later divorced on March 12, 2013.

### Martial arts

- **Karate**
    - Black belt

### Professional wrestling

- **All Canadian Wrestling**
    - ACW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- **Championship International Wrestling**
    - CIW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Elvis Elliot
- **Cauliflower Alley Club**
    - Men's Wrestling Award (2015)
- **Destiny Wrestling Organization**
    - DWO Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Hobo Hank
- **Devotion Championship Wrestling**
    - DCW Core Championship (1 time)
- **Independent Wrestling Revolution**
    - IWR Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Elvis Elliot
- **NWA Bluegrass**
    - NWA Bluegrass Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- **Ohio Valley Wrestling**
    - OVW Anarchy Championship (1 time)
- **Power Precision Pro Wrestling Alliance**
    - 3PWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time, current)
- **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
    - Ranked No. 223 of the best 500 singles wrestlers in the _PWI 500_ in 2007
- **Rocket City Championship Wrestling**
    - RCCW Worlds Heavyweight Championship (1 time, current)
- **Universal Championship Wrestling**
    - UCW World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- **Vendetta Pro Wrestling**
    - Cauliflower Alley Cup (2013)
- **West Coast Wrestling Connection**
    - WCWC Tag Team Championship (2 time) – with Gangrel

## Other websites

- Cagematch profile

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Nick Cvjetkovich
- **image**: Sinn Bodhi.jpg
- **caption**: Cvjetkovich at Chikara's King of Trios 2011
- **names**: Dr. Nick Sinnful
H.N. Hardcastle
Kizarny
Lucifer Love
Nicholas Doom
Nicholas Sinn
Nick Doom
Nick Sinn
Nikolas Sinn
(The) Original Sinn
Sinn / SiNN
**Sinn Bodhi**
Sinn Bowdee
- **birth place**: Toronto, Ontario
- **billed**: Toronto, Ontario
**Wizard Beach**
- **trainer**: Ron Hutchinson
Rob Fuego
Alex Atkinson
Jake Roberts
- **debut**: 2000
Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin

**Menomonee Falls** is a village in southeastern Wisconsin. It is near Milwaukee. About 38,527 people lived there as of the 2020 census.

This village was incorporated in 1892.
Menomonie, Wisconsin

**Menomonie** is a city in northwest Wisconsin. It is near Eau Claire. At the 2020 census, 16,843 people lived there.

The city is in Dunn County.
Tom's Rhinoplasty

"**Tom's Rhinoplasty**" is the eleventh episode of the first season of _South Park_. It was first shown on Comedy Central in the United States on February 11, 1998. The episode was the series' first Valentine's Day episode. It was written by the show's co-creator Trey Parker.

Trey Parker and Matt Stone said that they were originally not happy with the final product and they thought that fans of the show would hate. They were surprised that fans responded positively to it.

## Plot

When Valentine's Day approaches, Wendy suggests to her boyfriend Stan ways to try and spend time together. After their schoolteacher Mr. Garrison decides to get a rhinoplasty, he introduces their new substitute teacher, Ms. Ellen (voiced by Natasha Henstridge). The boys in class fall in love with her, including Stan, especially when she talks to him. This makes Wendy become incredibly jealous and she warns Ms. Ellen to stay away from Stan, oblivious to the fact that Ms. Ellen does not return Stan's affection.

When Ms. Ellen becomes worried about the student's education, she says that the winner of a spelling test will be bought a dinner. The boys attempt to date Ms. Ellen but Chef tells them that she is a lesbian and that she only likes other lesbians. They don't know what this means and they try to become lesbians themselves to try and attract Ms. Ellen. They try wearing Birkenstocks, listening to an Indigo Girls album and "licking carpet" (they mistake this for literally licking the carpet floor).

Meanwhile Mr. Garrison's gets a nose job that makes him one of the most attractive men in South Park with his face resembling David Hasselhoff. He decides to quit teaching and try to pursue women. Stan is able to win the spelling test and the dinner but he finds out that Ms. Ellen has no attraction or intention of making love with him. The next day, while Ms. Ellen is teaching the class, several Iraqi men burst through the door and say that she is actually an Iraqi fugitive. She resist her arrest but accidentally kills Kenny by impaling him in the face with a sword. They take her into custody and shoot her into the sun with a rocket.

Mr. Garrison later becomes a model with great success, but he finds himself being chased throughout the streets by a large group of women and doesn't want the attention. He returns to Tom's Rhinoplasty and regains his original look. Wendy speaks fluent Arabic to a group of Iraqi men and pays them with a wad of American money. She then watches happily in the sky as the rocket gets blown up in the sun. Kyle realizes that Wendy hired the Iraqi men to murder Ms. Ellen and Wendy says "I told her: 'Don't... fuck... with... Wendy... Testaburger!'" as the episode ends.

## Other websites

- Episode's official page

## Infobox (television episode)

- **series**: South Park
- **season**: 1
- **episode**: 11
- **production**: 111
- **writer**: Trey Parker
- **guests**: *Natasha Henstridge as Ms. Ellen
- **season article**: South Park (season 1)
- **episode list**: South Park (season 1)
- **prev**: Damien (South Park), Damien
- **next**: Mecha-Streisand
Tritonal

**Tritonal** is an explosive material. It is made of 80% TNT and 20% aluminium powder. It is used in many types of explosive weapons such as air-dropped bombs. Tritonal is almost 18% more powerful than TNT alone.
Countess Athena of Monpezat

**Countess Athena of Monpezat**, formerly **Princess Athena of Denmark** (born 24 January 2012) is a member of the Danish royal family. She is the youngest child and only daughter of Prince Joachim and Princess Marie of Denmark. Athena is currently tenth in the line of succession to the Danish throne.

Biography

Athena was born a princess of Denmark on 24 January at  Rigshospitalet, The Copenhagen University Hospital. When her father met the press following her birth, he joked that the name selected for her could be anything from Jo to Scheherazade. She has two older half-brothers from her father's first marriage, Count Nikolai of Monpezat and Count Felix of Monpezat, and an older brother Count Henrik of Monpezat.

In accordance with Danish royal traditions, her names were not revealed until her christening, which took place on 20 May 2012 at the Mogeltonder Church, where her older brothers Felix and Henrik were also christened. She was named Athena Marguerite Francoise Marie for both of her grandmothers as well as for her mother. Her godparents are her maternal uncles, Gregory Grandet and Edouard Cavallier; Princess Carina of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, the long-term girlfriend of her father's cousin Gustav, 7th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg; and friends of her parents, Julie Mirabaud, Diego de Lavandeyra and Henriette Steenstrup.

## Titles

24 January 2012-1 January 2023: Her Highness Princess Athena of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat

1 January 2023 -present: Her Excellency Countess Athena  of Monpezat

## Other websites

- Official website

|-

|-

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Countess Athena
- **full name**: Athena Marguerite Françoise Marie
- **image**: File:The Danish Royal Family at Amalienborg - Countess Athena.jpg
- **house**: Glucksburg
- **father**: Prince Joachim of Denmark
- **mother**: Princess Marie of Denmark
- **birth place**: Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- **religion**: Church of Denmark
Princess Marie of Denmark

**Princess Marie of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat**  (born **Marie Agathe Odile Cavallier**; 6 February 1976) is a member of the Danish royal family. She is the second wife of Prince Joachim of Denmark, the younger son of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark. She has two children: Count Henrik and Countess Athena of Monpezat.

Princess Marie was born in Paris, France.

## Title

24 May 2008: Her Royal Highness Princess Marie of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat

## National Honors

Knight of the Order of the Elephant (24 May 2008)

### Medals and Decorations

- Dame of the Royal Family Decoration of Queen Margrethe II
- Recipient of the Commemorative 75th Birthday Medal of His Royal Highness The Prince Consort (11 June 2009)
- Recipient of the Commemorative 70th Birthday Medal of Her Majesty The Queen (16 April 2010)
- Recipient of the Commemorative Ruby Jubilee of Her Majesty The Queen (14 January 2012)
- Recipient of the Commemorative 75th Birthday Medal of Her Majesty The Queen (16 April 2015)
- Recipient of the Golden Anniversary Medal of Queen Margrethe II and Prince Henrik (10 June 2017)
- Recipient of the Prince Henrik Commemorative Medal (11 June 2018)
- Recipient of the Commemorative 80th Birthday Medal of Her Majesty The Queen (16 April 2020)
- Recipient of the Commemorative Golden Jubilee Medal of Queen Margrethe II (14 January 2022)

## Foreign Honors

- Belgium: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II
- Finland : Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland
- France: Grand Officer of the  Order of the Legion of Honour , Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters
- Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of Beneficence
- Iceland : Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon
- Mexico : Grand Cross of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
- Netherlands : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown
- Norway: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav
- Spain: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit (Spain)

## Other websites

- Official page of Princess Marie of Denmark

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Princess Marie
- **title**: Count of Monpezat, Countess of Monpezat
- **image**: Prinsessan Marie av Danmark.jpg
- **caption**: Princess Marie at the Wedding of Princess Madeleine of Sweden and Christopher O'Neill on  8 June 2013
- **birth name**: Marie Agathe Odile Cavallier
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **father**: Alain Cavallier
- **mother**: Françoise Grassiot
- **religion**: Church of Denmark
_prev._ Roman Catholic
- **house**: Glucksburg (by marriage) Monpezat (agnatic)
Drake Younger

**Drake Wuertz** (born September 10, 1984) is an American professional wrestler and referee. He competes under the ring name **Drake Younger**. He is best known for his time in Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW). He has also competed for IWA Mid-South, EVOLVE, Dragon Gate USA, Chikara, and Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG). Younger was known for competing in deathmatches before he retired from them.

On March 4, 2014, Wuertz signed a contract with WWE. There he worked as a referee on the NXT brand. He was released in May 2021 after multiple controversies.

## Championships

- **Anarchy Championship Wrestling**
    - ACW Tag Team Championship (one time) – with Ian Rotten
- **Absolute Intense Wrestling**
    - AIW Absolute Championship (one time)
- **All Pro Wrestling**
    - APW Worldwide Internet Championship (one time)
- **Coliseum Championship Wrestling**
    - CCW Tag Team Championship (two times; with JC Bailey and Diehard Dustin Lee)
- **Combat Zone Wrestling**
    - CZW Ultraviolent Underground Championship (two times)
    - Tournament of Death (VI)
    - CZW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
    - CZW World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Eddie Kingston)
    - CZW World Junior Heavyweight Championship (one time)
    - CZW Best of the Best (2014)
    - Third CZW Triple Crown Champion
    - CZW Hall of Fame (Class of 2016)
- **Full Throttle Wrestling**
    - FTW Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Diehard Dustin Lee)
- **Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South**
    - IWA Mid-South Deathmatch Championship (one time)
    - IWA Mid-South King of the Deathmatch (2011)
    - Ted Petty Invitational (2008)
- **Insanity Pro Wrestling**
    - IPW Grand Championship (one time)
    - IPW Jr. Heavyweight Championship (one time)
    - IPW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
- **Mad Pro Wrestling**
    - MPW Heavyweight Championship (two times)
- **Pro Wrestling Bushido**
    - Pro Wrestling Bushido TV Championship (one time)
- **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
    - He was ranked **#146** of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2013.
- **Supreme Pro Wrestling**
    - SPW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

- **Xtreme Pro Wrestling**
    - XPW King Of The Deathmatch Tournament (2023)

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Drake Younger
- **image**: Drake Wuertz - 2019-04-25 - 02.jpg
- **caption**: Wuertz in April 2019
- **birth name**: Drake Wuertz
- **birth place**: Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.
- **names**: Drake Wuertz
Drake Younger
- **children**: 3
- **billed**: Indianapolis, Indiana by way of the R.A.A.G.E Dojo
- **trainer**: American Kickboxer
Ian Rotten
Chris Hero
Low Ki
- **debut**: August 31, 2001
Maeve Binchy

**Maeve Binchy Snell** (or just **Maeve Binchy**; 28 May 1939 – 30 July 2012) was an Irish novelist, playwright and short story writer. Her novels sold more than 40 million copies worldwide.

Binchy was born in Dublin, Ireland. She died there after a brief illness, aged 73.
Chelsi Smith

**Chelsi Putok Anglit Smith** (August 23, 1973 – September 8, 2018) was a former Miss USA and singer. In February 1995, she was crowned Miss USA. She competed as Miss Texas. Smith was born in Redwood City, California.

Smith was the first African-American to win Miss Texas USA.

Smith died at the age of 45 on September 8, 2018 of liver cancer in
Redwood City.