juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Western Victorian Volcanic Plains

The **Western Victorian Volcanic Plains** in Victoria, Australia, also known as the **Newer Volcanic Province**, are the third largest volcanic plains in world. The biggest is the Deccan Plateau in India and the Snake River Plateau in the USA. The Western Victorian Volcanic Plains cover an area of 2.3 million hectares, more than 10% of the state. The basalt plains were formed by volcanoes over the last 6 million years with the most recent eruption being at Mount Napier 7,200 years ago. There are only a few rivers which flow across the plains, these are the Barwon, Hopkins, Leigh, Maribyrnong, Wannon and Werribee Rivers and the Mount Emu Creek. More than 90% of the plains have been cleared for farming.
Over 400 volcano sites have been found on the plains. Near Ballarat the volcanoes are quite close together. The plains have built up over time with many small lava flows. The average depth of the lava is about 60 metres. Many of the features are stand out on the flat plains.

The Indigenous Australians must have seen some of the eruptions as they told stories about rocks and fires coming from some mountains. Stone tools have been found buried in volcanic ash near Warrnambool. Major Thomas Mitchell was the first European to describe the Western Volcanic Plains. He climbed Mount Napier in 1836 and wrote that it looked as if the volcano had been active not that long ago. Early settlers liked the plains as they could easily grow crops in the rich, fertile soil. They used the volcanic stones to build dry stone walls around their farms.

The Western Victorian Volcanic Plains have been quiet for thousands of years. There have been no earthquakes, no hot springs or other signs of activity. It is not known why the volcanos stopped, and some scientists believe that the volcanos on the plains are not extinct, but dormant.

## Volcanic features

- Bald Hill, north of Craigieburn
- Blue Mount
- Brocks Monument
- Camel's Hump
- Granville Hill
- Green Hill, near Wallan
- Green Hill near Buninyong
- Green Hill near Pootilla
- Green Hill near Snake Valley
- Hanging Rock
- Happy Valley
- Hardie Hill
- Hayes Hill near Donnybrook
- The Jim Jim
- Lake Bullenmerri
- Lake Keilambete
- Lake Purrumbete
- Lake Terang
- Larundel Hill
- Magnet Hill (45 metres)
- Melbourne Hill (75 metres)
- Mount Aitken
- Mount Blackwood
- Mount Bullengarook
- Mount Buninyong
- Mount Cotterell
- Mount Eccles
- Mount Elephant
- Mount Franklin
- Mount Fraser (120 metres)
- Mount Gisborne (100 metres)
- Mount Hamilton
- Mount Holden (75 metres)
- Mount Kooroocheang
- Mount Koroit (60 metres)
- Mount Lawaluk
- Mount Leura
- Mount Mercer
- Mount Moorookyle
- Mount Napier
- Mount Noorat
- Mount Pisgah
- Mount Porndon (278 metres)
- Mount Rouse
- Mount Rowan (Victoria)
- Mount Shadwell
- Mount Warrenheip
- Mount Widderin
- Organ Pipes
- Pretty Sally Hill
- Red Rock near Alvie
- Red Rock near Gisborne
- Tower Hill
- Wallinduc Hill

## Related pages

- List of volcanos
- Active volcano
Harry Mulisch

**Harry Kurt Victor Mulisch** (July 29, 1927 – October 30, 2010) was a writer from the Netherlands. He wrote more than 30 works. His books were translated into more than 20 languages. His most famous book is _The Discovery of Heaven_.

Mulisch was born in Haarlem and lived in Amsterdam from 1958 until the end of his life.

## Works

- _Archibald Strohalm_ (1952; novel)
- _Tussen hamer en aambeeld_ ("Between hammer and anvil", 1952; novella)
- _Chantage op het leven_ ("Blackmail on life", 1953; short story)
- _De Diamant_ ("The Diamond", 1954; novel)
- _De Sprong der Paarden en de Zoete Zee_ ("The Jump of Horses and the Sweet Sea", 1955; novel)
- _Het mirakel_ ("The miracle", 1955; short stories)
- _Het Zwarte licht_ ("The Black Light", 1957; novel)
- _Manifesten_ ("Manifestos", 1958; essays)
- _Het Stenen Bruidsbed_ ("The Stone Bridal Bed", 1959; novel)
- _Tanchelijn_ (1960; play)
- _De knop_ ("The button", 1961; play)
- _Voer voor Psychologen_ ("Food for psychologists", 1961; autobiography)
- _Wenken voor de bescherming van uw gezin en uzelf, tijdens de Jongste Dag_ ("Tips for the Protection of Your Family and Yourself During the Last Judgment"), 1961; essays)
- _De Zaak 40/61_ ("Criminal Case 40/61", 1963; report on the Eichmann trial)
- _Bericht aan de Rattenkoning_ ("Message to the Rat King", 1966; essay on the Provos revolts in Amsterdam in the 1960s)
- _Wenken voor de Jongste Dag_ ("Tips for the Last Judgment", 1967; essays)
- _Het woord bij de daad_ ("The word added to the deed", 1968; essays)
- _Reconstructie_ ("Reconstruction", 1969; essays)
- _Paralipomena Orphica_ ("Paralipomena Orphica", 1970; essays)
- _De Verteller_ ("The Narrator", 1970; novel)
- _De Verteller verteld: Kommentaar, Katalogus, Kuriosa en een Katastrofestuk_ ("The Narrator being narrated: Comments, Catalogue, Curiosities and a Piece of Catastrophe, 1971; essay on _The Narrator_)
- _De toekomst van gisteren_ ("Yesterday's future", 1972; essay on a book the author cannot write)
- _Oidipous Oidipous_ (1972; play)
- _Woorden, woorden, woorden_ ("Words, words, words", 1973; poetry)
- _De vogels_ ("The Birds", 1974; poetry)
- _Mijn Getijdenboek_ ("My book of hours") (1975; autobiography)
- _Tegenlicht_ (1975; poetry)
- _Kind en Kraai_ (1975; poetry)
- _Twee Vrouwen_ ("Two Women", 1975; novel) (filmed as _Twice a woman_)
- _Oude Lucht_ (1977; stories)
- _Opus Gran_ (1982; poetry)
- _De Aanslag_ (The Assault, 1982; novel); see above.
- _De Kamer_ (1984; stories)
- _Hoogste Tijd_ ("Last Call", 1985; novel)
- _De Pupil_ ("The Pupil", 1987; novel)
- _De Elementen_ ("The Elements", 1988; novel)
- _De Ontdekking van de Hemel_ (The Discovery of Heaven, 1992; novel); see above
- _De Procedure_ ("The Procedure", 1999; novel)
- _Het Theater, de brief en de waarheid_ ("The Theatre, the Letter and the Truth", 2000; novel)"Boekenweekgeschenk"
- _Siegfried_ (2001; novel)
BellSouth

**BellSouth Telecommunications** was a service provider which operated in the southern United States. It formed as a result of the 1984 AT&T Bell System breakup. BellSouth operated in nine states: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, Georgia and Louisiana. The Bell System telephone companies before BellSouth were South Central Bell and Southern Bell in these nine states. The BellSouth (and Southwestern Bell) were under the ownership of AT&T following their merger in 2005 or 2006.
Mayfly

**Mayflies** are insects which belong to the Order **Ephemeroptera** (from the Greek _ephemeros_ = ephemeral, or short-lived; _pteron_ = wing). The name refers to the most distinctive features of the adults. They are in an ancient group of insects, the Palaeoptera, ('Ancient wings') with dragonflies and damselflies.

There are over 3,000 living species of mayfly, in over 400 genera in 42 families.

## Egg stage

At mating the female lays her eggs in the water. They settle to the bottom where they stick to rocks, vegetation or the bottom of the stream. They range in size by the particular species of Mayfly. Depending on temperature, the eggs take from a few days to a year to develop: usually it is one to three months. During this embryonic stage the mouth, legs, tail and organs all develop.

## Larva (or nymph) stage

Mayfly are insects whose aquatic larvae (called _naiads_ or nymphs) live from several months up to a year, in freshwater. The naiads go through 20 or 30 moults as they develop.

## Adult stage

Mayflies are unique in that they moult one more time after getting functional wings (this is known as the _alate_ stage). This second-to-last winged stage is usually very short, lasting from 30 minutes to one day, depending on the species. The function of the adult imago is reproduction and dispersal; they do not eat. The stage is a favorite food of many fish, and many 'fishing flies' are modeled on them.

## The hatch

It often happens that all the mayflies in a population mature at once (called _the hatch_). For a day or two in the Spring or Autumn (Fall), mayflies will be everywhere, dancing around each other in large groups, or resting on every available surface. The adults have various special features. Their rear wings are small or almost vestigial; the males have two long front legs for holding females, the rest have no function. Mating is usually in mid-air. The mayfly are quite a successful group. About 2,500 species are known worldwide, including about 630 species in North America. The hatch at La Crosse, Wisconsin has been a news event for several years. The hatch is so large it appears on weather radar. The emerging mayflies land on everything and cover some areas like snow.
Alejandro (song)

**"Alejandro"** is a single from Lady Gaga's album _The Fame Monster_. The single is composed as a midtempo (medium speed) and Europop-influenced song with an uplifting melody. Critics portrayed the song as heavily influenced by pop groups such as Ace of Base. They gave this song mostly positive reviews. This was the seventh song by Lady Gaga to hit the top ten on the _Billboard_ Hot 100. It reached the top five in the US and Canada, while reaching the top ten in the UK.

## Track listing and formats

**Digital download**
1. "Alejandro" – 4:34

**The Remixes EP**
1. "Alejandro" (Afrojack Remix) – 4:48
1. "Alejandro" (Rusko's Papuseria Remix) – 3:53
1. "Alejandro" (Dave Audé Remix) – 7:15
1. "Alejandro" (Skrillex Remix) – 6:17
1. "Alejandro" (Kim Fai Remix) – 7:20
1. "Alejandro" (The Sound of Arrows Remix) – 3:57
1. "Alejandro" (Bimbo Jones Remix) – 6:40
1. "Alejandro" (Kleerup Remix) – 5:22

**French CD single and iTunes EP**
1. "Alejandro" (radio edit) – 3:58
1. "Alejandro" (Dave Audé Radio Remix) – 3:51
1. "Alejandro" (Bimbo Jones Radio Edit Remix) – 3:19

**UK CD single**
1. "Alejandro" – 4:34
1. "Alejandro" (Dave Audé Remix) – 7:15

**UK 7-inch vinyl**
1. "Alejandro" – 4:34
1. "Alejandro" (Bimbo Jones Remix) – 6:40

**UK iTunes bundle**
1. "Alejandro" – 4:34
1. "Alejandro" (music video) – 8:44

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Alejandro
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Lady Gaga
- **ep**: The Fame Monster
- **written**: July, 24 2009
- **released**: November 18, 2009
- **recorded**: 2009
- **studio**: FC Walvisch, Amsterdam
- **genre**: synthpop, Synth-pop
- **length**: 4:34
- **chronology**: Lady Gaga singles
- **prev title**: Telephone (song), Telephone
- **prev year**: 2010
- **next title**: :en:Dance in the Dark, Dance in the Dark
- **next year**: 2010
Gary Moore

**Robert William Gary Moore** (4 April 1952 – 6 February 2011) or **Gary Moore**, was a musician from East Belfast, Northern Ireland. He was a blues rock guitarist and singer.

On 6 February 2011, Moore died in his hotel room in Estepona, Spain of a heart attack.

## Other websites

- Official site
Osage Plains

The **Osage Plains** (sometimes known as the **Lower Plains**, **North Central Plains**, or the **Rolling Plains**) are a tallgrass prairie ecosystem. The Osage Plains are in the states of Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, and north-central Texas.
Metropolitan area network

A **Metropolitan area network** (often shortened to **MAN**) is a computer network that connects several other Local area networks (LANs). An example of  where  MANs are  used,  are the networks on a campus of a university. MANs use different technologies than LANs. Today, most MANs are done using fibre optic cabling. Protocol suites used in MANs include Asynchronous Transfer Mode, Switched Multimegabit Data Service, and Distributed-queue dual-bus. MANs can reach distances of up to 100km.
Jennie Garth

**Jennifer Eve "Jennie" Garth** (born April 3, 1972) is an American actress. Her first starring role was playing Denise in the television series _Growing Pains_. She starred as Kelly Taylor in _Beverly Hills 90210_ and also starred in the CW's television series _What I Like about You_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jennie Garth
- **image**: JGarth atemmys.jpg
- **caption**: Garth at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards, 2009 Primetime Emmy Awards
- **birth name**: Jennifer Eve Garth
- **birth place**: Urbana, Illinois, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, director
- **years active**: 1989–present
- **children**: 3
Brillat-Savarin cheese

**Brillat-Savarin** is a soft, white-crusted cow's milk cheese with at least 75% fat in dry matter (roughly 40% overall), named after the 18th century French gourmet Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin. The cheese was created in the 1930s by cheese-maker Henri Androuët.

Brillat-Savarin is produced all year round, mainly in Normandy. It comes in 12–13 cm wheels and approximately 4 cm thick, and is aged for one to two weeks. It is also available as a fresh cheese (non affine) that resembles rich cream cheese.

It is a triple cream Brie that is  creamy and faintly sour. It goes well with medjool dates and also champagne. Because of its creaminess combined with its Brie aroma and slight sharpness, it has been described as "Dairylea for grownups" or "what Dairylea tastes like in heaven".

Pairing with red wines is difficult, as any mushroominess or "mouldy" taste will bring out the tannins of the wine. Brillat-Savarin is also quite salty when ripe, which may disturb the taste of red wine. It does pair well with Pale Ale and Champagne. The carbonation wipes the fattiness from the palate and the malts enhance the creaminess of the cheese.

The French cheese making company Rouzaire also produces an older Brillat Savarin under the name Pierre Robert. The extra aging time concentrates the proteins and salt in the cheese, resulting in deeper earthy flavours and more intense salty taste. Wheels of Pierre Robert are physically shorter (due to loss of moisture), yet creamier than the regular-aged Brillat-Savarin.

## Related pages

- List of cheeses

## References

Description and history of Brillat Savarin cheese
Poularde Albufera

**Poularde Albufera**, (**Chicken Albufera**) is a chicken dish named in honour of the Duke of Albufera. It is sometimes credited to French chef Adolphe Dugléré, who invented several other dishes. However, as Dugléré was only ten years old when Albufera fell out of favour with the king, and had his French title of nobility taken away, it is more likely that Poularde Albufera was created by Antonin Carême, who trained Dugléré.

It consists of poached chicken with a garnish of vol-au-vents filled with quenelles, cocks' kidneys, mushrooms and truffles in Albufera sauce.
Guppy

The **guppy** (_Poecilia reticulata_), is a species of freshwater aquarium fish that is one of the most popular (fancy) aquarium fish species. The guppy is also called the **millionfish** or **rainbow fish**. It is a small member of the Poeciliidae family. The size of guppies vary, but males are typically  long, while females are  long. Like all other members of the family, it is considered a livebearer. Guppies are popular aquarium kept fish because of their inexpensive needs and beautiful color ranges. Guppies, like all fish, have gills. The heart of a guppy is very different from that of a mammal, for instance there are two compartments instead of four. They are called the auricle and ventricle. When the fish breathes, the ventricle contracts and blood is forced out to the gills which act as lungs. This is where the gas exchange happens. The blood receives oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. The blood that now carries oxygen goes through the dorsal artery, which divides into smaller and smaller vessels and go all over the body to then distribute the oxygen and gets carbon dioxide and waste. Then, the blood is carried to the heart by veins and lymph vessels. Then the cycle repeats over and over.

A guppy's nervous system is highly centralized around its spinal cord and brain. The cerebellum controls the body's movements, and the olfactory bulbs and cerebrum controls its sense of smell.
Albufera sauce

**Albufera sauce** (known in French as ***Sauce Albuféra***) is a minor sauce whose  mother sauce is velouté. It was probably created by Antonin Careme, to accompany Poularde Albufera, which he also created. It was named in honour of the Duke of Albufera.

Escoffier gives a recipe in _Le Guide culinaire_ which consists of a base of  Suprême Sauce to which is added meat glaze in order to lend the latter an ivory-white tint which characterizes it. It is served chiefly with poultry and  sweetbreads.
Jack in the Box

**Jack in the Box** is an American fast food restaurant chain. It was founded in 1951 by Robert O. Peterson. Peterson opened his restaurant in Long Beach, California on the Pacific Coast highway. It featured a clown's head on top of the building. Instead of using carhops like other drive-in restaurants, Peterson used a two-way intercom. He also pioneered the drive-through. It allowed a customer to place their order while the car ahead of them was picking up their order. This made service much faster and Jack in the Box became known for fast service.

Jack in the Box has over 2,200 restaurants in 21 states and Guam. At first the menu was simple. Only 15 items were offered including hamburgers, cheeseburgers, sourdough bread burgers, chicken sandwiches french fries, and soft drinks. Today the menu is expanded to include items such as onion rings, breakfast sandwichs, salads, pita sandwiches, breakfast burritos, eggs, egg rolls, Smash burgers, protein bowls, ciabatta steak sandwiches, tacos, chicken tacos and shrimp. They also offer ice cream, shakes, orange juice, coffee and hot apple turnovers. The most popular item in the Jack in the Box's menu is the Sourdough Jack.

Jack I. Box is a fictional character and the mascot for their advertising. He is a fictional business CEO of Jack in the Box.

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: Jack in the Box, Inc.
- **company logo**: JackInTheBoxLogo.svg
- **company type**: wikt:public, Public ()
- **foundation**: San Diego, California (1951)
- **location**: San Diego, California
- **key people**: Linda A. Lang, chairwoman
Robert O. Peterson, founder
Jack Box, fictional founder and fictional chairman
- **industry**: Restaurants
- **products**: Fast food
- **num employees**: 42,500 (2008)
- **homepage**: [http://www.jackinthebox.com www.jackinthebox.com]
Bihari Muslims

**Bihari Muslims** are people originating and tracing descent from the Indian State of Bihar, who practice Islam as their religion. Bihari Muslims mainly practice Sunni Islam of the Hanafi creed, though a small Shia minority exists.

## Origin

Islam in Bihar is said to have been established in the 10-15th century with the arrivals of Sufi missionaries as well as Sunni rulers.

About 3 millions of Bihari Muslims migrated to the newly created State of Pakistan and the former East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) because of Muslim League politics. Those who settled in Pakistan were deemed a sub-caste of Muhajirs. Those who lived in Bangladesh were deemed Stranded Pakistanis.

## History

This history of Bihar lasted till around the middle of the 7th or 8th century A.D. - the Gupta Period - when, with the conquest of almost all of northern India by invaders from the middle-east, the Gupta dynasty also fell a victim.

In medieval times Bihar lost its prestige as the political and cultural center of India. The Mughal period was a period of unremarkable provincial administration from Delhi. The only remarkable person of these times in Bihar was Sher Shah, or Sher Khan Sur, an Afghan. Based at Sasaram which is now a town in the district of the same name in central-western Bihar, this jagirdar of the Mughal King Babur was successful in defeating Humayun, the son of Babur, twice - once at Chausa and then, again, at Kannauj (in the present state of Uttar Pradesh or U.P.) Through his conquest Sher Shah became the ruler of a territory that, again, extended all the way to the Punjab. He was noted as a ferocious warrior but also a noble administrator - in the tradition of Ashok and the Gupta kings. Several acts of land reform are attributed to him. The remains of a grand mausoleum that he built for himself can be seen in today's Sasaram (Sher Shah's maqbara.)

## Society

The majority of educated Bihari Muslims formally speak Urdu, while in the vernacular speak in the Bihari language. The Muslims of Bihar have wealth rates comparable to rest of the Republic of India.
LeAnn Rimes

**Margaret LeAnn Rimes Cibrian** (born August 28, 1982), known professionally as **LeAnn Rimes**, is an American country and pop singer. Her first album _Blue_ was released in 1996. She has won many major industry awards.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Blue_ (1996)
- _You Light Up My Life: Inspirational Songs_ (1997)
- _Sittin' on Top of the World_ (1998)
- _LeAnn Rimes_ (1999)
- _Twisted Angel_ (2002)
- _What a Wonderful World_ (2004)
- _This Woman_ (2005)
- _Whatever We Wanna_ (2006)
- _Family_ (2007)
- _Lady & Gantlemen_ (2011)
- _Spitfire_ (2013)
- _Today Is Christmas_ (2015)
- _Remnants_ (2016)
- _Chant: The Human & the Holy_ (2020)
- _God's Work_ (2022)

- Singles
- "Can't Fight the Moonlight" (2000)
- "Life Goes On" (2002)

## On television

- Winner - Season 4 - _"The Masked Singer"_
- Herself - Over the Rainbow - Opening song for _"The Masked Singer"_ - Season 11 Episode 2

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: LeAnn Rimes
- **img**: LeAnn Rimes 2009.jpg
- **img capt**: LeAnn Rimes in October 2009
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Margaret LeAnn Rimes
- **birth place**: Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America, United States
- **origin**: Garland, Texas, United States of America, United States
- **genre**: Country music, Country, Pop music, pop
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter, actress, author
- **years active**: 1991–present
- **label**: Curb, RCA Records, RCA
- **associated acts**: Faith Hill, Wilbur C. Rimes, Darrell Brown
Beerwah

**Beerwah** () is a town in the Budgam District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Budgam

**Budgam** () is part of the Budgam District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.  As of 2011, Budgam had a population of 15,338. It is the district headquarter of Budgam.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Budgam
- **settlement type**: town
- **pushpin map**: India Jammu and Kashmir
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Jammu and Kashmir
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name2**: Budgam District, Budgam
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **elevation m**: 3194
- **population total**: 15,338
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Urdu
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
Khan Sahib, Jammu and Kashmir

**Khansahib** () is part of the Budgam District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Banihal

**Banihal** () is part of the Doda District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Doda, Jammu and Kashmir

**Doda** () is part of the Doda District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Thathri

**Thathri** is a town and a notified area committee in Doda district in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Thathri valley is located in the foothills of the Himalayan mountains, about 85 km from Batote. Apart from having ample forests, the mighty chenab transverse the town.It connects the district doda with khistwar district.
Ranbir Singh Pura

**Ranbir Singh Pora** () is in the Jammu District region of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Samba, Jammu and Kashmir

**Samba** () is a town in and headquarters of the Samba District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Hajira, Azad Kashmir

**Hajira** () is part of the Poonch District of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
Rawalakot

**Rawalakot** () is part of the Poonch District of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
Haveli taluka

**Taluka Haveli** is part of the Pune District of Maharashtra, India.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Haveli taluka
- **settlement type**: Tehsil
- **image map**: Haveli tehsil in Pune district.png
- **map caption**: Location of Haveli  in Pune district in Maharashtra
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: States and union territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Maharashtra
- **subdivision type2**: Administrative divisions of India, District
- **subdivision name2**: Pune district
- **seat type**: Headquarters
- **parts type**: Administrative divisions of India, Major villages
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Tehsildar
- **leader title1**: Lok Sabha, Lok Sabha constituency
- **leader title2**: Vidhan Sabha, Assembly constituency
- **leader title3**: Member of the Legislative Assembly (India), MLA
- **population density km2**: auto
Reasi

**Reasi** () is a town in and headquarters of the Reasi District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Surankote Tehsil

**Surankote** () is part of the Poonch District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Matanuska-Susitna Valley

**Matanuska-Susitna Valley** (known locally as **the Mat-Su** or **The Valley**) is an area in Southcentral Alaska. It is south of the Alaska Range about  from Anchorage, Alaska. It includes the valleys of the Matanuska River, the Knik River, and the Susitna River.  The Matanuska Valley has become a suburban community for many people who work in  Anchorage. It is now one of the most crowded areas in Alaska and includes the towns of Palmer, Wasilla,  Big Lake, Houston, Willow and Talkeetna.

There are three mountain ranges in the area. They are the Alaska Range, the Talkeetna Mountains and the Chugach Mountains. There are both working and old gold mines in the mountains.  Like many parts of Alaska, the Matanuska-Susitna Valley was carved by glaciers  which left many lakes.  Both the Matanuska and Susitna Rivers have lots of salmon.

The local government is called the _Matanuska-Susitna Borough._ Most of the United States is divided into counties, while Alaska is divided into boroughs and census areas.  A few hundred Alaska Natives were joined by small numbers of Alaska sourdoughs between 1900 and 1930 when hundreds of American settlers were moved there by the United States Federal Government in the early 1930s.

The three rivers in the area have large amounts of glacial silt that is good for farming. The valley is one of the few areas in Alaska which supports large scale agriculture.

## Other websites

- Alaska Census data
- Matanuska-Susitna Borough website
Kathua

**Kathua** () is part of the Kathua District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kathua
- **native name**: Kathue
- **native name lang**: Dogri
- **settlement type**: city
- **pushpin map**: India Jammu and Kashmir
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Jammu and Kashmir
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name2**: Kathua district, Kathua
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1025 BC
- **government type**: Municipal Council
- **governing body**: Kathua Municipal Council
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 26
- **elevation m**: 307
- **population total**: 1,62,988
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population rank**: 6
- **population density km2**: 6268
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Urdu
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **postal code type**: Postal Index Number, PIN
- **postal code**: 184101(Down town) and 184102(Patel Nagar Suburbs)
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 01922(xxxxxx)
- **registration plate**: JK-08
- **blank1 name sec1**: Literacy
- **blank1 info sec1**: 82%
Billawar

**Billawar** () is part of the Kathua District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Basohli (town)

**Basohli** () is part of the Kathua District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Hiranagar

**Hiranagar** () is part of the Kathua District of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Karnah Tehsil

**Karnah** () is an administrative tehsil of the Kupwara district in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It has 58 villages and is  away from the main town of Kupwara.

## Demographics

Karnah tehsil has a total population of 60,129 as per the Census 2011, of which 34,471 are males while 25,658 are females, giving a sex ration of 744 females per 1,000 males. In 2011 there were total 11,422 families residing in Karnah Tehsil. Paharis form a majority population in the tehsil. As per Census 2011 out of total population, 25.8% live in urban areas while 74.2% live in rural areas. The average literacy rate in urban areas is 68.4% while that in the rural areas is 58.9%. Also the sex ratio of urban areas in the tehsil is 587 while that of rural areas is 807.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Karnah
- **population total**: 60,129
- **population as of**: 2011
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Union territory
- **subdivision name1**: Jammu and Kashmir
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **subdivision name2**: Kupwara
- **postal code type**: Postal Index Number, PIN
- **postal code**: 193225
Chugach Mountains

The **Chugach Mountains** in southcentral Alaska are the farthest north of the mountain ranges that make up the Pacific Coast Ranges of western North America. The range is about  long.  Its highest point is Mount Marcus Baker, at , but most of its summits are not very high. Because of the wet weather on the coast, these mountains get a lot of snow.

There are several parks in and around the mountains, like Chugach State Park, the Chugach National Forest, and the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. They are popular destinations for outdoor activities. The World Extreme Skiing Championship is held yearly in the Chugach near Valdez.

Three highways run through the Chugach Mountains. There is also a tunnel from Portage that lets cars and trains go under the mountains to Whittier.

The name "Chugach" is from the Eskimo tribal name _Chugachmiut_ recorded by the Russians and written by them "Chugatz" and "Tchougatskoi"; in 1898 U.S. Army Captain W. R. Abercrombie spelled the name "Chugatch" and applied it to the mountains.

## Mountains

Some of the taller mountains in this range are:
- Mount Marcus Baker:
- Mount Thor:
- Mount Steller:
- Mount Michelson:
- Mount Palmer:
- Flattop Mountain:
- Eagle Peak:
- Polar Bear Peak:

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Chugach Mountains
- **photo**: Chugach Panorama Alaska.jpg
- **photo caption**: View of the Chugach Mountains from the Glenn Highway, north of Anchorage
- **country**: United States
- **state**: Alaska
- **parent**: Pacific Coast Ranges
- **length mi**: 300
- **length orientation**: E–W
- **highest**: Mount Marcus Baker
- **elevation ft**: 13094
Wrangell Mountains

The **Wrangell Mountains** are a high mountain range of eastern Alaska in the United States.  Much of the range is in the Wrangell-Saint Elias National Park and Preserve.  The Wrangell Mountains were made by volcanoes. The second and third tallest volcanoes in the United States, Mount Blackburn and Mount Sanford are there.  The range takes its name from Mount Wrangell, which is one of the largest shield volcanoes in the world. It is also the only mountain in the range that is an active volcano.

The Wrangell Mountains are just to the northwest of the Saint Elias Mountains and northeast of the Chugach Mountains. There are so many mountains there that they block the warm moist air over the Pacific Ocean. Because of this places north of the Wrangell Mountains are some of the coldest areas of North America during the winter.

## Major peaks

The Wrangell Mountains include 12 of the 40+ Alaskan peaks over

- Mount Blackburn, , and East Summit,
- Mount Sanford], , and South Peak,
- Mount Wrangell, , and West Summit,
- Atna Peaks,
- Regal Mountain,
- Mount Jarvis, , and North Peak,
- Parka Peak,
- Mount Zanetti,

Another prominent mountain is Mount Drum, , which can be seen from a very long way away.

## Name

The Wrangell Mountains are named after an explorer who was also president of  the Russian-American Company, Admiral Ferdinand von Wrangel. American folk singer John Denver wrote a song, "Wrangell Mountain Song", in reference to the range.

## Other websites

- Wrangell-St. Elias National Park & Preserve
- Wrangell Mountains Center

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **wikidata**: yes
- **marker**: triangle
- **zoom**: 6


## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Wrangell Mountains
- **photo**: MountWrangell.jpg
- **photo caption**: Mount Wrangell as seen from the southwest in 1987
- **country**: United States
- **subdivision1**: Alaska
- **parent**: Yukon Ranges
- **highest**: Mount Blackburn
- **map image**: Wrangell Mountains.jpg
- **map size**: 272
Q fever

**Q fever** is a disease caused by _Coxiella burnetii_, bacteria that affect humans and other animals. It is not common but can be found in cattle, sheep, goats, and other household animals, including cats and dogs. People can get infected if they inhale endospores or touch the milk, urine, feces, vaginal mucus, or semen of infected animals. The disease is rarely carried by ticks. A human can be infected by a single bacterium.

## Other websites

- Q fever at the CDC
Alprazolam

**Alprazolam**, better known by its trade name **Xanax**, is a short-acting drug. The drug is made to treat people who get panic attacks or other anxiety disorders.

Alprazolam is the most commonly misused benzodiazepine (the drug's class) in the United States; but the majority of prescribed users do not develop a substance-use disorder. Alprazolam is a prescription drug in the United States.

## Infobox (drug)

- **watchedfields**: changed
- **verifiedrevid**: 477164519
- **iupac name**: 8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4_H_-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a] [1,4]benzodiazepine
- **image**: Alprazolam structure.svg
- **width**: 140
- **image2**: Alprazolam ball-and-stick model.png
- **tradename**: Xanax, Xanor, Niravam, others
- **pronounce**: Alprazolam  or , Xanax
- **medlineplus**: a684001
- **pregnancy us**: D
- **legal au**: S8
- **legal ca**: Schedule IV
- **legal uk**: Class C
- **legal us**: Schedule IV
- **legal un**: Psychotropic Schedule IV
- **legal de**: Rx-only/Anlage III
- **legal status**: Rx-only
- **dependency liability**: High
- **routes of administration**: Oral administration, By mouth
- **protein bound**: 80%
- **bioavailability**: 80–90%
- **metabolism**: Liver, via cytochrome P450 3A4
- **metabolites**: alpha-hydroxyalprazolam, 4-hydroxyalprazolam, beta-hydroxyalprazolam
- **onset**: less than an hour
- **duration of action**: 6 hours
- **elimination half-life**: Immediate release: 4–6 hours
Extended release: 11–16 hours
- **excretion**: Kidney
- **iuphar ligand**: 7111
- **cas number**: 28981-97-7
- **atc prefix**: N05
- **atc suffix**: BA12
- **pubchem**: 2118
- **drugbank**: DB00404
- **chemspiderid**: 2034
- **unii**: YU55MQ3IZY
- **kegg**: D00225
- **chebi**: 2611
- **chembl**: 661
- **c**: 17
- **h**: 13
- **cl**: 1
- **n**: 4
- **smiles**: ClC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N3C(C)=NN=C3CN=C2C4=CC=CC=C4
- **stdinchi**: 1S/C17H13ClN4/c1-11-20-21-16-10-19-17(12-5-3-2-4-6-12)14-9-13(18)7-8-15(14)22(11)16/h2-9H,10H2,1H3
- **stdinchikey**: VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Toronto Stock Exchange

The **Toronto Stock Exchange** (**TSX**) is the largest stock exchange in Canada, the third largest in North America and the eighth largest in the world by market capitalisation.

## Infobox (exchange)

- **name**: Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX)
- **image**:
- **type**: Stock Exchange
- **city**: Toronto, Ontario
- **country**: Canada
- **foundation**: October 25, 1861
- **owner**: TMX Group
- **key people**: Tom Kloet <small>(CEO)</small>
Wayne Fox <small>(Chairman)</small>
- **currency**: Canadian dollar, CAD
- **listings**: 3,741
- **mcap**: United States dollar, US$2.17 trillion <small>(December 2010)</small>
- **indexes**: S&P/TSX Composite
- **homepage**: [http://www.tmx.com www.tmx.com]
Unwritten (album)

***Unwritten*** is an album by Natasha Bedingfield. This record was released in the United Kingdom in September 2004 and in the United States on August 2, 2005. It had five singles. One of these was the title track. This album was released in North America again during 2006, with new album artworks and a slightly different track listing.
N.B.

***N.B.*** is the second studio album from Natasha Bedingfield. It was released in United Kingdom on 30 April 2007 to mixed reviews by critics. The album was released in Canada and the United States during January 2008 as **Pocketful of Sunshine**. The US version's title single became a top 5 hit. Another track, "Love Like This", became a top twenty hit. The reviews from United States critics for this record were mixed.
Polish Americans

A **Polish American** is a citizen of the United States with ancestors from Poland. There have been Polish people living in North America since the earlier 1600s. Many live in the ghetto of Chicago, which has more Polish people than any city in the world other than Warsaw, Poland.

Most Polish immigrants are Catholic or practice Judaism.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Polish Americans

- **population**: **9,152,819**

- **popplace**: Northeastern United States, Northeast <small>(New York (state), New YorkNew JerseyPennsylvaniaMarylandConnecticutMassachusetts)</small>

Midwestern United States, Midwest <small>(MichiganIllinoisWisconsinOhioMinnesotaIndianaNorth Dakota)</small>
- **languages**: English language, English <small>(American English, American English dialects)</small>, Polish language, Polish
- **religions**: Predominantly Catholic Church in the United States, Roman CatholicismLutheranismJudaism
- **image**: Polish America map.jpg
- **image caption**: Polish Americans and Polish Canadians, % of population by state
- **related**: Polish diaspora, Polish Canadians, Polish Jews, other West Slavs, West Slavic Americans <small>(Czech Americans, Kashubian Americans, Silesian Americans, Slovak Americans and Sorbian Americans)</small>
Hallucinogen

**Hallucinogens** are chemical substances which temporarily change the way people see the world. Hallucinogens cause hallucinations. People no longer perceive reality as it is, but they see a reality that is distorted by their emotions. A person who is under the influence of a hallucionogen is said to be _having a trip_.

Hallucinogens have probably been used in the context of a cultic or religious function as long as there were humans.

There are different kinds of hallucinogens:
- Psychedelic drugs: these are the "classic hallucinogens"
- Dissociatives: They make people feel as if they were no longerpart of their surroundings.
- Deliriants produce a state of delirium, or confusion.

Most hallucinogens are highly addictive. This means that the user will want to take the drug over and over again. It also means that there will be some effect of getting used to the drug. In the long run, more and more of the drug will need to be taken, to get the same effect.

People that are under the unintended influence of a hallucinogen may need immediate help, as in a medical emergency.
Bad News Brown

**Paul Frappier** (May 8, 1977February 11, 2011) was a Canadian entertainer, musician, and rapper better known by his stage name, **Bad News Brown**. He was of Haitian descent. Bad News Brown was found  murdered in an alley near the Lachine Canal in Montreal on February 11, 2011. The feature movie _BumRush_, featuring Brown in a leading role, premiered posthumously on April 1, 2011.

Frappier's stage name comes from the name of his childhood favourite WWF wrestler, Allen Coage (nicknamed Bad News Brown).

### Albums

Bad News Brown released 1 studio album before his death:
|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|2009|_Born 2 Sin_|

### Singles

|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|2007|_Soul Clap_|
|2009|_Touch Her Body_|
|2009|_Born 2 Sin_|

### Mixtapes

|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|2009|_G'd Up From the Street Up_|

## Other websites

- Bad News Brown's Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Bad News Brown
- **alias**: Briz Brown
- **image**: BAD NEWS NAKED EYE.jpg
- **caption**: Bad News Brown in Montreal, 2010
- **birth name**: Paul Frappier
- **birth place**: Haiti
- **death place**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **origin**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop, soul music, soul
- **instruments**: Vocals, harmonica
- **occupation**: Rapper, singer, Harmonica, harmonica player
- **years active**: 2001–2011
- **label**: Trilateral Entertainment Inc.
Rick James

**James Ambrose Johnson Jr.** (1 February 1948 - 6 August 2004) also known as **Rick James**, was an American singer, songwriter, musician, recording artist and producer. He was popular during the late 1970s and 1980s. He scored four number one hits on the US R&B charts. He was born in Buffalo, New York.

## Career

In 1978 James released his first single "You and I" and "Mary Jane". In 1981 he released "Give it to me Baby" and "Super Freak". He produced singer and comedian Eddie Murphy's 1985 single "Party All the Time". In 1990 he sued MC Hammer.

## Personal life

In 1991 James was arrested with his girlfriend for kidnapping a woman. He made her have sex with his girlfriend. In 1994 he was sentenced to five years and four months in prison. He was released in 1996.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rick James
- **image**: Rick James in Lifestyles of the Rich 1984.JPG
- **caption**: Rick James on _Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous_ in 1984
- **birth name**: James Ambrose Johnson Jr.
- **birth place**: Buffalo, New York, Buffalo, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **alias**: Ricky Matthews
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **children**: 3
Kansas City Mavericks

The **Kansas City Mavericks** are an American professional ice hockey team. They began playing in 2009 in the Central Hockey League (CHL). The team now plays in the ECHL. They play their home games at the Cable Dahmer Arena in Independence, Missouri, which is near Kansas City, Missouri. They are the ECHL affiliate for the Seattle Kraken of the National Hockey League (NHL). They are also the affiliates for the Coachella Valley Firebirds of the American Hockey League (AHL).

## History

In April 2009, the CHL announced that Independence would get a new team to start play that fall. In June, the team said that it would be called the Mavericks.

In 2014, the CHL would end up going out of business. In October 2014, the Mavericks, Allen Americans, Brampton Beast, Quad City Mallards, Rapid City Rush, Tulsa Oilers and Wichita Thunder would all be accepted as new teams in the ECHL.

On March 11, 2017, the team announced that they were going to rename themselves as the **Kansas City Mavericks**.
Yip Man

**Yip Man** (October 1, 1893  December 2, 1972), also known as **Ip Man**, was the first teacher to teach martial arts Wing Chun openly. He taught Hong Kong students, who spread Wing Chun around the world. Later, Ip Man was the teacher of Bruce Lee, Chu Shong-tin (who taught then-Australian Jim Fung) and others.

After Ip Man died, the teacher Duncan Leung taught Wing Chun in Hong Kong from 1945 to 1969.
Nowadays, Wing Chun is taught around the world. Many children do Wing Chun.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Yip Man
- **image**: Yip Man.jpg
- **occupation**: Martial arts
- **nationality**: Hong Kong
San Fermín

The festival of **San Fermín** is held each year in the city of Pamplona (Navarre, Spain). Other names for the festival are **Sanfermines** or **Sanferminak**. It starts at noon on 6 July with the setting off of a rocket. It ends at midnight on 14 July with the singing of the _Pobre de Mí_. A bullfight is also part of the celebrations. The festival honors Saint Fermin, the co-patron of Navarre. San Fermín has become the most famous Spanish festival. More than 1,000,000 people watch this festival.

The Running of the Bulls is held the 6th - 14th of July every year. By midnight on July 6th Pamplona is already swarming with locals and tourist<nowiki/>s all waiting for the fireworks display that marks the start of the fiesta.

The day begins with the "encierro" or running of the bulls, when only the brave and foolish dash ahead of the bulls that are let loose to run through the narrow street<nowiki/>s to the bullring where they will be fought later in the day. The runners are usually clad in the typical white trousers and shirt, with a red scarf tied at their neck, and a red beret on their head.

Before and after the daily bullfights, held each evening at 6 pm, bands of music, "txistularis", regional dancing and processions with big giant head<nowiki/>s roam the streets. The Sanfermines festival of the running of the bulls in Pamplona is not the only one celebrated in Navarre, although it is the most well-known.

## Other websites

- Unofficial website on San Fermin
- Unofficial website on encierro

## Infobox (infobox)

- **abovestyle**: background-color:red
- **above**: San Fermín
- **image**:
- **caption**: Town Hall of Pamplona seconds before the initiation of the San Fermín festival with the chupinazo
- **label1**: Official name
- **data1**: San Fermín
- **label2**: Also called
- **data2**: Sanfermín, Sanfermines (plural)
- **label3**: Main location
- **data3**: Pamplona (Spain)
- **label6**: Begins
- **data6**: 6 of July; 12 AM
- **label7**: Ends
- **data7**: 14 of July; 12 PM
Bellini (cocktail)

A **Bellini** is a long drink cocktail that originated in Venice. It is a mixture of sparkling wine (traditionally Prosecco) and peach purée often served at celebrations. It is one of Italy's most popular cocktails.

## History

The Bellini was invented sometime between 1934 and 1948 by Giuseppe Cipriani, founder of Harry's Bar in Venice, Italy.

It got its name because the colour reminded Cipriani of the pink colour of the toga of a saint in a painting by 15th-century Venetian artist Giovanni Bellini.
Transduction

**Transduction** is a science term. It can mean:

- Transduction (physiology)
- Transduction (genetics)
- Transduction (engineering)