Hawaiian Kingdom

The **Hawaiian Kingdom**, or **Kingdom of Hawaiʻi**, was a sovereign state located in the Hawaiian Islands.

## Establishment

The country was formed in 1795, when the warrior chief Kamehameha the Great, of the independent island of Hawaiʻi, conquered the independent islands of Oʻahu, Maui, Molokaʻi and Lānaʻi and unified them under one government. In 1810, the whole Hawaiian archipelago became unified when Kauaʻi and Niʻihau joined the Hawaiian Kingdom voluntarily. Two major dynastic families ruled the kingdom: the House of Kamehameha and the House of Kalākaua.

## Recognition

Major European powers recognised the country. The United States became its chief trading partner and watched over it to prevent some other power (such as Britain or Japan) from threatening to seize control. Hawaiʻi was forced to adopt a new constitution in 1887. King Kalākaua signed it, because  the  Honolulu Rifles, an anti-monarchist militia, thratened him. Queen Liliʻuokalani, who succeeded Kalākaua in 1891, tried to replace the 1887 constitution with a new one. She was  but was overthrown in 1893, largely at the hands of the Committee of Safety, a group of residents consisting of Hawaiian subjects and foreign nationals of American, British and German descent, many of whom had been educated in the US, had lived there for a time. Hawaiʻi was an independent republic until the U.S. annexed it through the Newlands Resolution, on July 4, 1898. This created the Territory of Hawaii. United States Public Law 103-150 adopted in 1993 (informally known as the Apology Resolution), acknowledged that "the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii occurred with the active participation of agents and citizens of the United States" and also "that the Native Hawaiian people never directly relinquished to the United States their claims to their inherent sovereignty as a people over their national lands, either through the Kingdom of Hawaii or through a plebiscite or referendum."

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Kingdom of Hawaiʻi
- **common name**: Hawaii
- **image flag**: Flag of Hawaii.svg
- **image coat**: Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Hawaii.svg
- **image map**: Hawaii on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg
- **religion**: Church of Hawaii
- **demonym**: Hawaiian
- **government type**: Absolute monarchy
Constitutional monarchy
- **legislature**: Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Legislature
- **year end**: 1893
- **year start**: 1795
- **flag alt**: Flag of Hawaii (1816–1845)
- **flag type**: Flag of Hawaii, Flag
- **common languages**: Hawaiian language, Hawaiian, English language, English
- **title leader**: List of Hawaiian monarchs, Monarch
- **year leader1**: 1795–1819
- **leader1**: Kamehameha I
- **year leader2**: 1819-1824
- **leader2**: Kamehameha II
- **year leader3**: 1825-1854
- **leader3**: Kamehameha III
- **year leader4**: 1855-1863
- **leader4**: Kamehameha IV
- **year leader5**: 1863-1872
- **leader5**: Kamehameha V
- **year leader6**: 1873-1874
- **leader6**: Lunalilo
- **year leader7**: 1874-1891
- **leader7**: Kalakaua
- **year leader8**: 1891–1893
- **leader8**: Liliʻuokalani
- **title deputy**: Kuhina Nui
- **year deputy1**: 1819–1832
- **deputy1**: Kaʻahumanu
- **year deputy2**: 1863–1864
- **deputy2**: Kekūanāoʻa
- **house1**: Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom#House of Nobles, House of Nobles
- **house2**: Legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom#House of Representatives, House of Representatives
- **event start**: Inception
- **date start**: May,
- **event1**: Unification of Hawaii
- **date event1**: March/April 1810
- **event2**: 1840 Constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Constitutional monarchy
- **date event2**: October 8, 1840
- **event3**: Paulet affair, Partial Occupation by the United Kingdom
- **date event3**: February 25 – July 31, 1843
- **event4**: Anglo-Franco Proclamation
- **date event4**: November 28, 1843
- **event5**: French invasion of Honolulu, Partial Occupation by France
- **date event5**: August 22, 1849 - September 5, 1849
- **event end**: Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Monarchy overthrown
- **date end**: January 17,
- **event post**: Forced abdication of Queen Liliʻuokalani
- **date post**: January 24, 1895
- **stat year1**: 1780
- **stat year2**: 1800
- **stat year3**: 1832
- **stat year4**: 1890
- **stat pop1**: 400,000–800,000
- **stat pop2**: 250,000
- **stat pop3**: 130,313
- **stat pop4**: 89,990
- **p1**: Ancient Hawaii
- **s1**: Paulet affair
- **flag p2**: Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
- **p2**: Paulet affair
- **flag p3**: Flag of France.svg
- **p3**: French invasion of Honolulu
- **flag s1**: Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
- **flag s2**: Flag of Hawaii (1896).svg
- **s2**: Provisional Government of Hawaii
- **flag s3**: Flag of France.svg
- **s3**: French invasion of Honolulu
- **flag**: Flag of Hawaii