juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tramery

**Tramery** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Marne department in northeast France.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Marne department

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tramery
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Tramery église bmr 74 149.jpg
- **arrondissement**: Reims
- **canton**: Dormans-Paysages de Champagne
- **insee**: 51577
- **postal code**: 51170
- **mayor**: Marie-Bernadette Neyrinck
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Grand Reims
- **elevation min m**: 90
- **elevation max m**: 188
- **area km2**: 3.56
Trécon

**Trécon** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Marne department in northeast France.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Marne department

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Trécon
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Trécon église.jpg
- **caption**: The church of Saint-Martin in Trécon
- **arrondissement**: Épernay
- **canton**: Vertus-Plaine Champenoise
- **insee**: 51578
- **postal code**: 51130
- **mayor**: Georges Leherle
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Épernay, Coteaux et Plaine de Champagne
- **elevation min m**: 103
- **elevation max m**: 143
- **area km2**: 12.45
Harlequin (Lady Gaga album)

***Harlequin*** is an album released by American entertainer Lady Gaga. It was released September 27, 2024, through Interscope Records and is Gaga's first album under her own imprint, Lil Monsters LLC. _Harlequin_ is a mix of pop standards and original material. It was described by Gaga as a "companion album" to the film _Joker: Folie à Deux_ (2024), in which Gaga stars as Lee, a reimagination of Harley Quinn. Gaga's fiancé, philanthropist Michael Polansky, is also credited as a writer on several tracks.

The album differs from the original soundtrack.

## Track listing

Credits taken from Genius. Tracks 1–11 produced by Gaga and Benjamin Rice.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Harlequin
- **type**: studio
- **longtype**: /
- **artist**: Lady Gaga
- **length**: 38:54
- **chronology**: Lady Gaga studio albums
- **prev title**: Love for Sale
- **prev year**: 2021
- **next title**: Mayhem (Lady Gaga album), Mayhem
- **next year**: 2025
Tréfols

**Tréfols** is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Marne department in northeast France.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Marne department

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tréfols
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Tréfols - Église Saint-Médard 1.jpg
- **caption**: The church of Saint-Médard in Tréfols
- **arrondissement**: Épernay
- **canton**: Sézanne-Brie et Champagne
- **insee**: 51579
- **postal code**: 51210
- **mayor**: Patrick Vié
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Brie Champenoise
- **elevation min m**: 135
- **elevation max m**: 213
- **area km2**: 14.39
Prairie Farms Dairy

**Prairie Farms Dairy** is a dairy cooperative (group of farms). It was started in Carlinville, Illinois in 1938, and now headquartered in Edwardsville, Illinois, a suburb of St. Louis. As a dairy cooperative, Prairie Farms receives milk from producers and turns it into many different products, including cheese, butter, ice cream, sour cream, cottage cheese, many dips, yogurt, and liquid milk.
Googlebot

**Googlebot** is the web crawling software used by Google to index websites and gather information from across the internet for its search engine. It plays a crucial role in how Google Search functions by discovering and collecting data from publicly available web pages, which it then organizes into Google's search index. Googlebot operates as a web crawler, visiting websites systematically and following links to discover new or updated pages.

## Types of Googlebot

There are two main types of Googlebot, each designed to handle different types of content:

1.	Googlebot Desktop: This version of the crawler mimics the behavior of a user on a desktop or laptop computer. It is optimized to collect data from websites as they would appear to desktop users.

2.	Googlebot Smartphone: In response to the growing importance of mobile browsing, Google introduced Googlebot Smartphone. This crawler simulates a mobile device's behavior and is used to prioritize mobile-first indexing, where Google primarily uses the mobile version of a site for indexing and ranking purposes.

## How Googlebot Works

Googlebot operates by sending requests to web servers for individual web pages using a programmatic process known as crawling. The crawler starts with a list of URLs that are either provided through previous crawls, sitemaps submitted by webmasters, or links found during previous crawling sessions. When visiting a page, Googlebot downloads its content and stores it in Google's search index. It also follows internal and external links on that page to discover new content.

## Impact of Googlebot on SEO

Googlebot plays a key role in Search Engine Optimization (SEO) strategies. Webmasters and digital marketers often take steps to ensure that their websites are easily crawlable and that important content is indexed correctly. This involves optimizing website architecture, improving page load speed, and ensuring that internal linking helps Googlebot discover relevant pages.

Googlebot's mobile-first indexing approach has made it even more important for websites to be mobile-friendly, as poorly performing mobile sites may impact a site's ranking in Google’s search results.

## Privacy and Ethical Concerns

As Googlebot crawls the public web, it adheres to the ethical guidelines established by web standards like robots.txt. However, the extensive reach of Googlebot and other crawlers has raised privacy concerns among some users and website owners, who may worry about how their data is being indexed and used.
Despite these concerns, Google has emphasized that Googlebot only crawls publicly available pages and adheres to guidelines set by webmasters. Sensitive information can be protected by using noindex tags or blocking access through robots.txt files.

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Googlebot
- **logo**: Google 2015 logo.svg
- **author**: Google
- **genre**: Web crawler
- **website**: [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/googlebot Googlebot FAQ]
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (2017 movie)

***Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul*** is a 2017 American road comedy movie written and directed by David Bowers. It serves as a standalone sequel to _Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days_ and the fourth installment in the _Diary of a Wimpy Kid_ movie series and the final live-action movie in the franchise. It was based on the ninth book of the same name, with elements of the seventh, eighth and tenth books in the series and was cowritten by the books' author, Jeff Kinney.

Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul was the final Diary of a Wimpy Kid movie to be released by 20th Century Fox before Disney's ownership of the franchise.

## Cast

- Jason Drucker as Greg Heffley, Susan and Frank's son
- Alicia Silverstone as Susan Heffley, Greg's mother
- Tom Everett Scott as Frank Heffley, Greg's father
- Charlie Wright as Rodrick Heffley, Greg's older brother
- Owen Asztalos as Rowley Jefferson, Greg's best friend
- Dylan and Wyatt Walters as Manny Heffley, Greg's younger brother
- Joshua Hoover as Mac Digby
- Christopher A. Coppola as Mr. Beardo
- Kimberli Lincoln as Mrs. Beardo
- Mira Silverman as Brandi Beardo
- Mimi Gould as Meemaw
- Nathaniel Dickson as Brandon Beardo
- Jake Strerner as Brent Beardo
Flag of Florencia, Caquetá

The **flag of Florencia** (), it has a horizontal tricolour of green (double-width), white and red. It was adopted on 4 May 2021.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Florencia
- **image**: Flag of Florencia (Caquetá).svg
- **proportion**: 2:4
- **adoption**: *4 May 2021
Flag of La Victoria, Valle del Cauca

The **flag of La Victoria** () It is colored green and white and the coat of arms in the center. The emblem has a diameter of three-quarters the width of the stripes. The ratio of the flag is 2:4.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Flag of La victoria
- **image**: Flag of La Victoria (Valle).svg
- **proportion**: 7:4
Dean Foods

**Dean Foods** was an American food and beverage company. It was the largest dairy company in the United States. The company's products included milk, ice cream, dairy products, cheese, juice, and teas. It processed milk in the United States under a number of regional and national brands. It was started in 1925. It filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2019, and its assets were bought by several buyers in 2020.
Flag of Ocaña, Norte de Santander

The **flag of Ocaña** () has four horizontal stripes of green, white, white and green. It was adopted in 2010.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Flag of Ocaña
- **image**: Flag of Ocaña (Norte de Santander).svg
- **proportion**: 7:4
- **adoption**: *2010
Flag of San Andrés de Cuerquia

The **flag of San Andrés de Cuerquia** () consists in three stripes, up strip is blie, on center is white and down is green with three yellow stars. It was adopted in 2010.

## Other websites

[]

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Flag of San Andrés de Cuerquia
- **image**: Flag of San Andrés de Cuerquia.svg
- **proportion**: 7:4
- **adoption**: *2010
Flag of Armenia, Quindío

The **flag of Armenia** () consists in three stripes, up strip is yellow, on center is white and down is green. It was adopted in 2010.

## Other websites

[]

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Flag of Armenia
- **image**: Flag of Armenia (Quindío).svg
- **proportion**: 7:4
- **adoption**: *2010
Longworth Peak

**Longworth Peak**, 2,094 m, is a mountain in the Cariboo Land District in Robson Valley, British Columbia, Canada.

The mountain is named for the placename on the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway.

The mountain has a popular hiking trail spot called the Longworth Lookout. There is a unincorporated area below the mountain called Longworth, British Columbia.

In 2016, a automated snow weather station was erected on the south west side of the mountain by the BC Ministry of Environment.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Longworth Peak
- **photo**: Longworth Peak.jpg
- **elevation m**: 2091
- **prominence m**: 1265
- **prominence ft**: 4150
- **isolation km**: 27.65
- **isolation parent**: Kisano Mountain
- **location**: Robson Valley, British Columbia, Canada
- **map**: Canada British Columbia
- **district**: Cariboo Land District
Flag of Cundinamarca

The **flag of Cundinamarca** () consists in three stripes, up strip is blue, on center is yellow and down is red with coat of arms. It was adopted in 2010.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Flag of Cundinamarca
- **image**: Flag of Cundinamarca.svg
- **proportion**: 7:4
- **adoption**: *2010
Ivory Tower (Van Morrison song)

"**Ivory Tower**" is a 1986 song by Northern Irish singer Van Morrison and was taken from his 16th studio album _No Guru, No Method, No Teacher_. It went to number 21 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Ivory Tower
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Van Morrison
- **album**: No Guru, No Method, No Teacher
- **a-side**: Ivory Tower
- **b-side**: A New Kind of Man
- **released**: 1986
- **recorded**: 1985
- **genre**: Celtic music, Celtic, Folk rock
- **length**: 3:34
- **label**: Mercury Records
- **writer**: Van Morrison
- **producer**: Van Morrison
- **prev title**: Tore Down a la Rimbaud
- **prev year**: 1985
- **next title**: Got to Go Back
- **next year**: 1986
Dark Avengers

***Dark Avengers*** is a 2009–2013 American comic book series published by Marvel Comics. They are a group of supervillains who banded together under the leadership of the influential Norman Osborn, who was also the leader of the Thunderbolts and S.H.I.E.L.D. Osborn created the team to defend America after being appointed the new Head of S.H.I.E.L.D. after an invasion of the Earth by the alien Skrulls. Each of the members took on the identity of one of the Avengers. On their first misison they successfully defended Osborn's ally Doctor Doom from the demon hordes of Morgan le Fay. They were initially praised by the public as heroes, but soon showed their true colors. This group consists of about 21 supervillains.

Osborn formed an alliance with Loki and led the Dark Avengers in an attack and siege of Asgard. The Dark Avengers disbanded after this war and their final defeat by the real Avengers.

They battled the real Avengers many times throughout their career, as well as the X-Men.
New Avengers

The **New Avengers** is a fictional team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

## Overview

A splinter group of the Avengers that chose not to comply with federal superhuman registration, the team considers itself the authentic Avengers. The group's members are Luke Cage (leader), Captain America (founder), Spider-Man, Ms. Marvel, Wolverine, the Thing, Spider-Woman, Mockingbird, and Sentry.

After the Avengers were disassembled after the Scarlet Witch fell into madness upon losing her children, Captain America convinced Iron Man to form a new team to stop criminals from escaping the Raft.

## In other media

A version of the New Avengers debuted in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) movie _Thunderbolts*_ (2025), and are set to return in _Avengers: Doomsday_ (2026).
Ă

**Ă (uppercase: Ă, lowercase: ă)** is a letter in the Latin alphabet. It is made by adding a small mark called a breve (˘) to the letter A. This letter is used in Romanian and Vietnamese languages.

## How it sounds

- Romanian: In Romanian, ă sounds like the mid-central vowel, which is similar to the sound of a in the English word “Canada”. This sound is called a schwa. It is a very common sound in Romanian and appears in many words.
    - Example: The word “măr” (apple) uses **ă** and is pronounced like “mər”.
    - Another example: The word “fată” (girl) uses **ă** and is pronounced like “fata”.
- Vietnamese: In Vietnamese, ă represents a "short a" sound. It is different from the regular a sound in Vietnamese, which is longer.
    - Example: The word “ăn” (eat) uses **ă** and is pronounced like “an”.
    - Another example: The word “cắt” (cut) uses **ă** and is pronounced like “cat”.

## Usage in Romanian

In Romanian, the letter ă is very important. It is the second most common letter in the Romanian alphabet. It appears in many common words and is used in both formal and informal writing. The sound it represents is similar to the unstressed “a” in English words like “sofa” or “sofa”.

## Usage in Vietnamese

In Vietnamese, ă is used to represent a short vowel sound. Vietnamese is a tonal language, which means that the meaning of a word can change depending on the tone used. The letter ă can appear with different tones, which changes the meaning of the word. For example:

- **chăn** (blanket/herd) - with a rising tone.
- **chẵn** (round) - with a falling-rising tone.

## Unicode

The letter Ă has special codes in computers:

- Uppercase **Ă**: U+0102
- Lowercase **ă**: U+0103

These codes are used to represent the letter in digital text.
Olle Boström

**Olle Boström** (31 March 1926 – 31 July 2010) was a Swedish archer. Boström competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Olle Boström
- **nationality**: Swedish
- **sport**: Archery
- **birth place**: Forshaga, Sweden
- **death place**: Forshaga, Sweden
Lise-Lotte Djerf

**Lise-Lotte Djerf** (born 17 March 1963) is a Swedish archer. Djerf competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Lise-Lotte Djerf
- **nationality**: Swedish
- **sport**: Archery
- **birth place**: Huskvarna, Sweden
Petra Ericsson

**Petra Ericsson** (born 1 June 1973 in Mölndal, Sweden) is a Swedish archer. Ericsson competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics.
Skrull

The **Skrulls** are a spacefaring alien race in the Marvel Comics fictional universe. They first appeared in _Fantastic Four_ #2 and were created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. They originated from the planet Skrullos and their empire is located in the Andromeda Galaxy. Their infiltration of Earth was a major event in the Marvel Comics universe as shown in the crossover event _Secret Invasion_.

The Skrulls have at times being villains and at times heroes, either to specific heroes, Earth itself, or the known cosmos. It's a race that has proven themselves to be a heroic, brave, and honorable people and at other times they have been deceitful, savage, and brutal. They have been led by megalomaniac tyrants and benevolent sovereigns. It is a race and empire with a history that spans tens of millions of years and therefore it is not a surprise that their history runs the gamut.

## In other media

The Skrulls have made numerous appearances in animated television and video games before making their live-action cinematic debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movie _Captain Marvel_ (2019). Skrulls have also appeared in _Spider-Man: Far From Home_ (2019) and the Disney+ series _WandaVision_, _What If...?_ (both 2021) and _Secret Invasion_ (2023), and the movie _The Marvels_ (2023).
Nikkei 225

The **Nikkei 225**, or , also called the ***Nikkei*** or the ***Nikkei index*** (), is a stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), operating in the Japanese Yen (JP¥). The Nikkei 225 measures the performance of 225 publicly owned companies in Japan. Since 2017, the index is calculated every five seconds. It was originally launched by the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1950.
Mike Schaefer

**John Michael Schaefer** (born March 25, 1938) is an American politician and former lawyer. He was seen as a perennial candidate. He was a member of the San Diego City Council from 1965 to 1971. He then ran for 33 local and state offices in California, Arizona, Maryland, and Nevada for nearly fifty years.

Schaefer won an election to the California Board of Equalization in 2018 in an upset victory. After being sworn-in at aged 80 in 2019, Schaefer became the oldest Californian to serve in a state constitutional office. He is a member of the Democratic Party, but before 2004, he was a member of the Republican Party.

Schaefer was born in San Diego, California on March 25, 1938. He studied at the University of California, Berkeley and at the Georgetown University.

During the 1960 presidential election, he supported U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy for President of the United States. He also worked as an analyst for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Schaefer was a Democratic candidate for California's 47th congressional district in the 2024 election, but later switched to run for the U.S. Senate in Nevada. He lost the primary election to Senator Jacky Rosen.

In May 2025, Schaefer filed paperwork to run for Lieutenant Governor of California in 2026.

He said he loves to run for political office, which is why he runs for office many times.

In 1970, Schaefer was arrested for bribery and conspiracies charges in 1970, but was later acquitted a year later. In 1993, Schaefer was convicted of misdemeanor spousal abuse.

Mike Schaefer started off 2026 by dropping out of the Ca. Lt. Governor race and became one of perhaps a dozen seeking Democratic Nomination for Congress,  CA 48th, to succeed Republican incumbent Darrell Issa.  The district changed from Republican 14% edge to Democrat 4% edge, and is now a target District by the Democratic National Commitee where winning just a few of the
Republican seats with democratic majorities(thanks to recent redistricting).   Schaefer is the only state official among the Democrats and is optimistic.   He has a website:  mikefightsforus.com.
Perennial candidate

A **perennial candidate** is a political candidate who runs for elected office many times and rarely, if ever, win and election.

Perennial candidates are seen where there is no limit on how many times a person can run for office or costs little to register as a candidate.

Some have called a candidate a "perennial candidate" for elected office when they have lost two to three times, and then decide to run a campaign again. However, some articles have listed a number of exceptions.
California State Board of Equalization

The **California State Board of Equalization** (**BOE**) is a public agency that is in charge with tax administration and fee collection in the state of California in the United States. They try to make sure that counties fairly assess property taxes, collect excises taxes on alcoholic beverages, administer the insurance tax program, and other tax collection related activities.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **name**: California State Board of Equalization
- **type**: Board
- **seal**: File:California State Board of Equalization seal.svg
- **agency type**: Tax administration and fee collection
- **jurisdiction**: Government of California
- **headquarters**: Sacramento, California
- **image**: File:Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors.svg
- **image caption**: Partisan makeup of the Board of Equalization.
- **employees**: 400
- **chief1 name**: Ted Gaines
- **chief1 position**: First District
- **chief2 name**: Sally Lieber
- **chief2 position**: Second District
- **chief3 name**: Tony Vazquez
- **chief3 position**: Third District
- **chief4 name**: Mike Schaefer
- **chief4 position**: Fourth District
- **chief5 name**: Malia Cohen
- **chief5 position**: State Controller
A. K. M. Fazlul Haque (surgeon)

**A. K. M. Fazlul Hoque** was born on 25 January 1958. He is a Bangladeshi Surgeon. He started the Department of Colorectal Surgery at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in Dhaka.

## Early life

Haque was born on 25 January 1958 in Gazipura village, Patuakhali district, which was part of East Pakistan at the time. His father is Rashid Ahmed.

## Education

He passed Secondary School Certificate (SSC) in 1972 from the Jessore Board. In 1974, he completed his Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC). He earned MBBS degree in 1982 from Dhaka Medical College and received a fellowship (FCPS) from the Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons in January 1989.

## Career

Dr. Haque worked in both government and private healthcare since April 1982 to the year 2021. He has only focused on colorectal surgery since 1997. In the last 18 years, he has examined around 950,000 new patients and performed 535,000 surgeries for piles, fistula, fissures, colon cancer, rectal cancer, polyps, rectal prolapse, and diverticulitis. He often carries out colonoscopies on his patients. He has attended several conferences and has conducted several international workshops. He also has teaching experience as a visiting professor in Tribhuvan University in Nepal.

## Contributions

Haque is the pioneer of colorectal surgery in Bangladesh and the sub-continent. He also pioneered several modern surgeries for problems of the colon and rectum, such as the double stapling method for rectal cancer and the Longo operation for hemorrhoids. He also promoted non-surgical treatments for hemorrhoids, such as Rubber Ring Ligation, which is used for 70-80% of patients. Haque started "World Piles & Colorectal Cancer Day" on 20 November in Bangladesh and worldwide to create awareness. In 2006, Haque introduced the "MS degree" in colorectal surgery at BSMMU. In May 2008, he made history by leading an international training program for senior foreign specialists and teaching surgeons from Sri Lanka, Nepal, India, and the Maldives how to do the Longo operation successfully.

## Membership

- Member, American Society of Colon & Rectal Surgeons
- Member, Endoscopic & Laparoscopic Surgeons of Asia, ELSA, SINGAPORE
- Life Member, Bangladesh College of Physicians & Surgeons
- Life Member, Society of Surgeons of Bangladesh
- Life Member, Bangladesh Medical Association

## Books and publications

Haque has written a book on colorectal surgery for the public. He has introduced some new surgeries in Bangladesh for the first time. These include the Low Anterior Resection with Double Stapling, the Longo Operation, and a complex fistula operation using the Seton technique.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Prof.dr.Akmfazlulhaque.jpg
- **name**: A. K. M. Fazlul Haque
- **native name**: একেএম ফজলুল হক
- **native name lang**: bn
- **caption**: Haque in 2016
- **education**: MBBS, Master of Surgery
- **birth place**: Patuakhali, East Pakistan, Pakistan
- **nationality**: Bangladeshi
- **spouse**: Shahin Mahbuba Haque
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: Dhaka Medical College and Hospital
- **occupation**: Colorectal surgery, Colorectal surgeon
California's 47th congressional district

**California's 47th congressional district** is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California.

After the 2020 redistricting cycle, the district moved to Orange County. The district now represents Irvine, Huntington Beach, Costa Mesa, Newport Beach, and Seal Beach.

It is currently represented by Democrat Dave Min.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: California
- **district number**: 47
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
- **population**: 754,022
- **population year**: 2023
- **median income**: $123,229
- **percent white**: 50.2
- **percent hispanic**: 17.3
- **percent black**: 1.5
- **percent asian**: 24.8
- **percent more than one race**: 5.3
- **percent other race**: 0.6
- **cpvi**: D+3
Loretta Weinberg

**Loretta Weinberg** (born February 6, 1935) is an American Democratic Party politician. She was a member of the New Jersey Senate from 2005 to 2022. She was also the State Senate Majority Leader from 2012 to 2022. Weinberg was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly from 1992 to 2005.

Weinberg was the Democratic nominee for Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey in the 2009 election. She ran as Governor Jon Corzine's running mate. Corzine and Weinberg lost the election to the Republican Chris Christie and Kim Guadagno ticket.

Weinberg was born in New York City. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley and at Fairleigh Dickinson University.

Weinberg lost $1.3 million in a retirement fund that had been invested through a Beverly Hills, California financial planner with Bernard Madoff, without her knowledge.

In January 2020, Weinberg announced her retirement from politics when her current term expires in 2022. She officially resigned on January 7, 2022, four days before the end of her term.

In August 2024, Weinberg was seen as a replacement pick by Governor Phil Murphy to replace the resigning Senator Bob Menendez in the United States Senate. However, Murphy ended up picking his former Chief of Staff George Helmy to the U.S. Senate.
New Jersey Senate

The **New Jersey Senate** is the upper house of the New Jersey Legislature by the Constitution of 1844, replacing the Legislative Council. There are 40 legislative districts. Each district has one senator and two members of the New Jersey General Assembly, the lower house of the legislature.

## Other websites

- New Jersey Legislature Homepage
- New Jersey Senate Bill Search
- New Jersey section  of Project Vote Smart, a national database of voting records and other information about legislators.
- Senate Democratic Office
- Senate Republican Office

## Infobox (legislature)

- **coa pic**: Seal_of_New_Jersey.svg
- **name**: New Jersey Senate
- **legislature**: New Jersey Legislature
- **house type**: Upper House
- **session room**: New Jersey State House, Senate chamber.jpg
- **term limits**: None
- **structure1**: NJSenate22diagram.png
- **structure1 res**: 250px
- **new session**: January 9, 2024
- **leader1 type**: President
- **leader1**: Nicholas Scutari (Democratic Party (United States), D)
- **election1**: January 11, 2022
- **leader2 type**: President pro tempore
- **leader2**: Shirley Turner (Democratic Party (United States), D)
- **election2**: January 9, 2024
- **leader3 type**: Majority Leader
- **leader3**: Teresa Ruiz (politician), Teresa Ruiz (Democratic Party (United States), D)
- **election3**: January 11, 2022
- **leader4 type**: Deputy Majority Leader
- **leader4**: Paul Sarlo (Democratic Party (United States), D)
- **election4**: October 29, 2008
- **leader5 type**: Minority Leader
- **leader5**: Anthony M. Bucco (Republican Party (United States), R)
- **election5**: July 1, 2023
- **term length**: 4 years (with one two-year term each decade)
- **authority**: Article IV, New Jersey Constitution
- **salary**: $49,000/year
- **members**: 40
- **last election1**: 2023 New Jersey State Senate election, November 7, 2023
- **next election1**: 2027 New Jersey State Senate election, November 2, 2027
- **redistricting**: New Jersey Apportionment Commission
- **political groups1**: **Majority**
* New Jersey Democratic Party, Democratic (25)
**Minority**
* New Jersey Republican Party, Republican (15)
- **meeting place**: State Senate Chamber
New Jersey State House
Trenton, New Jersey, Trenton, New Jersey
- **website**: [http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/Default.asp New Jersey State Legislature]
New Jersey General Assembly

The **New Jersey General Assembly** is the lower house of the New Jersey Legislature. The Assembly has been made up of 80 members. Two members are elected from each of New Jersey's 40 legislative districts for a term of two years.

## Other websites

- New Jersey Legislature official website
- Assembly Democrats official website
- Assembly Republicans  official website
- New Jersey section  of Project Vote Smart, a national database of voting records and other information about legislators.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **name**: New Jersey General Assembly
- **legislature**: 221st New Jersey Legislature
- **coa pic**: Seal of New Jersey.svg
- **session room**: New Jersey General Assembly floor.jpg
- **house type**: Lower house
- **term limits**: None
- **new session**: January 9, 2024
- **leader1 type**: Speaker
- **leader1**: Craig Coughlin (Democratic Party (United States), D)
- **election1**: January 9, 2018
- **leader2 type**: Speaker pro tempore
- **leader2**: Benjie E. Wimberly (Democratic Party (United States), D)
- **election2**: January 11, 2022
- **leader3 type**: Majority Leader
- **leader3**: Louis Greenwald (Democratic Party (United States), D)
- **election3**: January 10, 2012
- **leader4 type**: Minority Leader
- **leader4**: John DiMaio (Republican Party (United States), R)
- **election4**: January 11, 2022
- **term length**: 2 years
- **authority**: Article IV, New Jersey Constitution
- **salary**: $49,000/year
- **members**: 80
- **voting system1**: Plurality-at-large voting
- **last election1**: 2023 New Jersey General Assembly election, November 7, 2023
(80 seats)
- **next election1**: November 4, 2025
(80 seats)
- **redistricting**: New Jersey Apportionment Commission
- **structure1**: NJ Assembly 2022-2023 diagram.png
- **structure1 res**: 250px
- **political groups1**: **Majority**
* New Jersey Democratic Party, Democratic (52)
**Minority**
* New Jersey Republican Party, Republican (28)
- **meeting place**: General Assembly Chamber
New Jersey State House
Trenton, New Jersey, Trenton, New Jersey
Debbie Mucarsel-Powell

**Debbie Mucarsel-Powell** ( ; born January 18, 1971) is an American politician and academic administrator. She was the U.S. representative for  from 2019 to 2021. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Mucarsel-Powell was the first Ecuadorian-American and first South American–born immigrant to serve as a member of the U.S. Congress. She lost her re-election bid in 2020 to Miami-Dade County mayor Carlos Giménez.

In August 2023, Mucarsel-Powell announced she would be running for the United States Senate in 2024 against incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Rick Scott. She won the Democratic nomination in August 2024. She lost the election to Scott in November 2024.

Mucarsel-Powell was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador, and raised in Miami, Florida. She immigrated to the United States when she was 14 years old with her mother and three older sisters.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Debbie Mucarsel-Powell
- **image**: Debbie Mucarsel-Powell, official portrait, 116h Congress.jpg
- **state**: Florida
- **term start**: January 3, 2019
- **term end**: January 3, 2021
- **predecessor**: Carlos Curbelo
- **successor**: Carlos A. Giménez, Carlos Giménez
- **birth name**: Debbie Mucarsel Gil
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Robert Powell
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Pitzer College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Claremont Graduate University (Master of Arts, MA)
Herbert Kickl

**Herbert Kickl** (born 19 October 1968) is an Austrian politician. He has been the leader of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) since June 2021. He has been a Member of the National Council since 2019. He was the Minister for the Interior from 2017 to 2019 and general-secretary of the FPÖ from 2005 to 2018. He has been seen as a far-right politician.

Kickl led the FPÖ into the 2024 legislative election in which his party won the most seats in the National Council. The party won 29.2% of the vote, its best result in the party's history.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Herbert Kickl
- **image**: Herbert Kickl - Pressekonferenz am 1. Sep. 2020.JPG
- **office**: Chair of the Freedom Party of Austria, Freedom Party
- **term start**: 7 June 2021
- **predecessor**: Norbert Hofer
- **office2**: Minister of the Interior (Austria), Minister for the Interior
- **chancellor2**: Sebastian Kurz
- **term start2**: 18 December 2017
- **term end2**: 22 May 2019
- **predecessor2**: Wolfgang Sobotka
- **successor2**: Eckart Ratz
- **office3**: General Secretary of the Freedom Party
- **alongside3**: Karlheinz Klement, Harald Vilimsky
- **term start3**: 23 April 2005
- **term end3**: 12 January 2018
- **predecessor3**: Uwe Scheuch
- **successor3**: Marlene Svazek
- **office4**: National Council (Austria), Member of the National Council
- **term start4**: 23 October 2019
- **nominator4**: Norbert Hofer
- **1blankname4**: Affiliation
- **1namedata4**: Freedom Party of Austria, Freedom Party
- **term start5**: 24 May 2019
- **term end5**: 22 October 2019
- **constituency5**: Lower Austria, 3 – Lower Austria
- **term start6**: 30 October 2006
- **term end6**: 18 December 2017
- **nominator6**: Heinz-Christian Strache
- **1blankname6**: Affiliation
- **1namedata6**: Freedom Party of Austria, Freedom Party
- **birth place**: Villach, Carinthia, Austria
- **party**: Freedom Party of Austria, Freedom Party
- **children**: 1
Hiroshi Moriyama

is a Japanese politician. He was the Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party from 2024 until 2025. He was the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries from 2015 to 2016. He was a member of the House of Councillors from 1998 to 2004 and has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2004.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Hiroshi Moriyama
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Hiroshi Moriyama 20240604.jpg
- **caption**: Moriyama in 2024
- **office**: Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party
- **president**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **vicepresident**: Yoshihide Suga
- **term start**: 30 September 2024
- **term end**: 7 October 2025
- **predecessor**: Toshimitsu Motegi
- **successor**: Shun'ichi Suzuki (politician), Shun'ichi Suzuki
- **office1**: Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan), Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
- **primeminister1**: Shinzo Abe
- **term start1**: 7 October 2015
- **term end1**: 3 August 2016
- **predecessor1**: Yoshimasa Hayashi
- **successor1**: Yūji Yamamoto
- **office2**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives
- **constituency2**: Kagoshima 5th district, Kagoshima 5th (2004–2017)
Kagoshima 4th district, Kagoshima 4th (2017–present)
- **term start2**: 25 April 2004
- **office3**: Member of the House of Councillors
- **constituency3**: Kagoshima at-large district, Kagoshima at-large
- **term start3**: 26 July 1998
- **term end3**: 13 April 2004
- **predecessor3**: Kazuto Kamiyama
- **successor3**: Tetsuro Nomura
- **office4**: Member of the Kagoshima City Council
- **term start4**: 28 April 1975
- **term end4**: 25 April 1998
- **birth place**: Kanoya, Kagoshima, Empire of Japan, Japan
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic
Ŋ (letter)

**Ŋ** (lowercase: **ŋ**) is a letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It is a letter in the Latin alphabet. It is used to represent a sound in many languages.

## Sound

The sound of Ŋ is called a voiced velar nasal.

It is the same sound as the “ng” in the English word “sing.”

## Usage

Many languages use the letter ŋ in their alphabets.

Some examples include English. The letter is not used in usual English spelling, but the sound is common. For example, in “sing,” “long,” and “song.”

A group of languages spoken by the Sami people in Northern Europe.

Inuit: Languages spoken by the Inuit people in the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada, and Alaska.

Several African languages, such as Wolof and Bambara, use the letter ŋ.

## Appearance

When it is uppercase, it looks like Ŋ. When the letter is lowercase, it looks like ŋ.

The lowercase letter looks like an “n” with a long right leg that goes to the left.

## History

The letter ŋ was first used in the 19th century by Danish Linguist Rasmus Rask.

It was later put into the International Phonetic Alphabet to show the voiced velar nasal sound.
Dhaka Medical College

**Dhaka Medical College Hospital** is a public medical college and hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is one of the most renowned public medical colleges and hospitals in Bangladesh. It is the largest public medical college and hospital in Bangladesh. DMCH stands among the top 20 hospitals in the world by considering its size and the number of patients being treated here. The college was established on 10 July 1946. The campus has both a medical school and a high-level care hospital within the premises.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Dhaka Medical College
- **native name**: ঢাকা মেডিকেল কলেজ
- **image size**: 160px
- **caption**: Emblem of Dhaka Medical College
- **type**: Public Medical College & Hospital
- **academic affiliation**: University of Dhaka
 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
- **principal**: Md. Kamrul Alam
- **head label**: Director of Hospital
- **head**: Brig. Gen. Md. Asaduzzaman
- **undergrad**: 1327 (2023)
- **postgrad**: 976 (2023)
- **address**: Secretariat Road
- **city**: Shahbag, Shahbag, Dhaka
- **country**: Bangladesh
- **campus**: Urban,
- **language**: English
- **other name**: DMCH
Ṇ

**Ṇ** (uppercase: Ṇ, lowercase: ṇ) is a letter in the Latin alphabet. It is made by adding a dot below the letter N. This letter is used in the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) and in some Indic languages.

## How it sounds

In Sanskrit and other Indic languages, **ṇ** represents a retroflex nasal sound. This means the sound is made by curling the tongue back in the mouth and letting the air flow through the nose.

For example, the word “अणु” (aṇu), which means “atom” in Sanskrit, is pronounced like “aṇu”.

### Sanskrit

_Also see: Sanskrit language_

The letter ṇ is used in many Sanskrit words. It helps to show the correct pronunciation of words that have a retroflex nasal sound. One example is the word “कर्ण” (karṇa), which means “ear” in Sanskrit. It is pronounced like “karṇa”. Another example is the word for "hand" in Sanskrit: “पाणि” (pāṇi), pronounced like “pāṇi”.

### Hindi

_Also see: Hindi language_

In Hindi, ṇ is used in words borrowed from Sanskrit and in some native words. For example, the word “ठण्डा” (ṭhaṇḍā), which means “cold”, is pronounced like “ṭhaṇḍā”. The word “गणेश” (Gaṇeś), the name of a Hindu deity, is pronounced like “Gaṇeś”.

### Marathi

_Also see: Marathi language_

In Marathi, ṇ is used similarly to Hindi and Sanskrit. For example, the word “माणूस” (māṇūs), which means “man”, is pronounced like “māṇūs”.

## Historical development

The letter ṇ has its origins in the ancient Brahmi script, which is the ancestor of many Indic scripts. The use of the dot below the letter N to indicate a retroflex nasal sound has been carried over into modern transliterations of Sanskrit and other Indic languages.

## Unicode

The letter Ṇ has special codes in computers:

- Uppercase **Ṇ**: U+1E46
- Lowercase **ṇ**: U+1E47

These codes are used to represent the letter in digital text.
Android 14

**Android 14** is the fourteenth major release mobile operating system developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google, which was released to the public and the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) on October 4, 2023.

## Infobox (os version)

- **name**: Android 14
- **version of**: Android (operating system), Android
- **family**: Android (operating system)
- Android
- **logo**: Android 14 Logo.svg
- **logo size**: 100px
- **screenshot**: Android 14 Homescreen screenshot.png
- **screenshot size**: 250px
- **developer**: Google
- **ga date**: October 4, 2023
- **latest release version**: Android 14
- **kernel type**: Monolithic Kernel (Linux Kernel)
- **preceded by**: Android 13
- **succeeded by**: Android 15
- **support status**: Supported
PlaceAVote.com

**PlaceAVote.com** is a grassroots American organization founded in 2014, headquartered in Los Angeles, CA. The platform provides a peer-to-peer framework to review, discuss, and vote on every issue before the United States Congress. PlaceAVote aims to serve as a boundary-free, non-partisan forum where the collective will of the people can be communicated to their United States Congressional Representatives. The organization’s mission is to facilitate democracy and combat government corruption, both in the United States and abroad.

## History

PlaceAVote was founded in 2014 by Luke Arrigoni, Ben Colman, and Job Melton. The platform was designed as a response to the growing disconnect between elected representatives and the will of their constituents. By using technology, PlaceAVote aimed to provide a direct means of representation, allowing voters to have their say on every issue before Congress.

The guiding principle of PlaceAVote is to create a forum for the people to express their views on legislative matters. The results of these discussions and votes would then be communicated to elected officials, ensuring representation based on voter consensus.

Since its launch, the platform gained significant traction, and over 50 candidates across the United States expressed an interest in running on the PlaceAVote platform during the 2014 primaries.

## 2014 Congressional elections

In the 2014 Congressional elections, two candidates ran on the PlaceAVote.com platform, leveraging technology to fully represent their constituents. Job Melton, a Democrat running in California's 16th District, and John Catano, a Republican running in California's 22nd District, both utilized PlaceAVote to engage, educate, and interact with their constituencies.

The candidacies of Melton and Catano reflected the non-partisan nature of PlaceAVote. To emphasize this, both candidates switched their lifelong political party affiliations to match the constituency of their districts, demonstrating a commitment to represent the majority consensus.

## Related pages

- Direct democracy

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: PlaceAVote.com
- **founded**: 2014
- **founder**: Luke Arrigoni, Ben Colman, Job Melton
- **headquarters**: Los Angeles, CA, U.S.
- **key people**: Luke Arrigoni, Ben Colman, Job Melton
- **type**: Grassroots organization
- **purpose**: Political representation platform
- **location**: United States
- **services**: Peer-to-peer platform to discuss and vote on Congressional issues
- **mission**: Facilitate democracy and combat government corruption
- **products**: Online voting platform
- **region served**: United States
Declaration of majority of Pedro II

The **Declaration of Majority of Pedro II** () was a document signed by the General Assembly of Brazil on July 23, 1840. It declared the 14-year-old Pedro II of Brazil to be of legal age, allowing him to assume the full powers of Emperor, earlier than the usual age of 18.

The declaration was meant to bring an end to the regency that had governed Brazil in Pedro II's name since the abdication of his father, Pedro I, in 1831. The regency had been plagued by political crises and unrest, such as the Ragamuffin War, the Sabinada, and the Cabanagem.

## Background

Pedro II was declared emperor in the context of significant social and political turmoil. His premature rise to power was intended to bring stability to Brazil, with the hope that his authority as emperor would quell the ongoing revolts.

## Aftermath

To assist the young emperor, a new ministry was formed, known as the _Ministry of the Majority_, which included prominent figures such as the Andrada brothers and the Cavalcanti brothers. The declaration marked the beginning of the Second Reign of Pedro II, which would last until 1889.

## Related pages

- Pedro II of Brazil

## Infobox (event)

- **name**: Declaration of Majority of Pedro II
- **native name**: Declaração da Maioridade
- **date**: July 23, 1840
- **location**: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **also known as**: Majority Coup
- **outcome**: Pedro II takes over as Emperor
Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada

**Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada** (9 April 1775 – 23 February 1844) was a Brazilian politician who played a prominent role in the declaration of Brazil's independence and held various government roles during the early years of the Brazilian Empire. He was twice appointed as Minister of Finance under Emperor Pedro I and Pedro II.

## Early life

Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada was born in Santos, São Paulo on 9 April 1775. He was the son of Colonel José Bonifácio Ribeiro de Andrada and Maria Bárbara da Silva. His brothers were Antônio Carlos and José Bonifácio de Andrada, both notable political figures in Brazil. Martim attended the University of Coimbra in Portugal, where he earned degrees in philosophy and mathematics in the late 1790s. He later received a PhD in Natural Sciences.

### Regency period

In January 1822, Martim's brother, José Bonifácio de Andrada, was heavily involved in promoting Brazil's independence. Martim served as Secretary of State for Business and Finance in the first cabinet of the Empire of Brazil, starting in July 1822. During his time in office, he pursued nationalist policies to stabilize the economy, imposing taxes on imports, especially those from Portugal.

He refused to take foreign loans, opting instead for a ten-year compulsory loan secured by the income of the state of Rio de Janeiro. This policy helped generate public support by promising to modernize Brazil's economy.

## Later years and death

Ribeiro de Andrada resumed his role as Minister of Finance in 1840 under Emperor Pedro II. He passed away in Santos, São Paulo on 23 February 1844 at the age of 68.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada
- **image**: Martim Francisco Ribeiro d'Andrada - Litografia (cropped).jpg
- **alt**: Lithography of Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada
- **caption**: Lithography by S. A. Sisson
- **office1**: Minister of Finance
- **term start1**: 7 September 1822
- **term end1**: 17 July 1823
- **monarch1**: Pedro I of BrazilPedro I
- **predecessor1**: Office established
- **successor1**: Marquis of Baependi
- **office2**: Minister of Finance
- **term start2**: 24 July 1840
- **term end2**: 23 March 1841
- **monarch2**: Pedro II of Brazil, Pedro II
- **predecessor2**: José da Silva Maia
- **successor2**: Marquis of Abrantes
- **birth place**: Santos, São Paulo, State of Brazil
- **death place**: Santos, São Paulo, Empire of Brazil
- **occupation**: Politician
Gavin Creel

**Gavin James Creel** (April 18, 1976 – September 30, 2024) was an American actor and pop singer-songwriter. He was best known for his work in musical theater. Creel was born in Findlay, Ohio. His career began in 1997. During his career, he won a Tony Award, a Laurence Olivier Award, a Drama Desk Award and a Grammy Award.

Creel had his first Broadway role in 2002 in the leading role of Jimmy in _Thoroughly Modern Millie_. He later starred as Claude in the 2009 Broadway revival of _Hair_. From 2012 to 2015, he starred as Elder Price in _The Book of Mormon_.

Creel was openly gay. In 2009, Creel dated actor Jonathan Groff.

In July 2024, Creel was diagnosed with a metastatic melanotic peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma. He died from the disease at his home in New York City on September 30, 2024, at the age of 48.

## Other websites

- (official website)
- [ Gavin Creel] at _Billboard_
- Gavin Creel on Discogs