juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Division of Durack

The **Division of Durack** is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Western Australia. The Division is named after the pioneering Durack family. Author Mary Durack's wrote about the family history in her books, _Kings in Grass Castles_ and _Sons in the Saddle_. The division was set up in 2010.

Durack covers the northern parts of Western Australia. It includes Geraldton, Broome, Carnarvon, Derby, Dongara, Kalbarri, Karratha, Kununurra, Meekatharra, Merredin, Moora, Mukinbudin, Newman, Port Hedland and Tom Price, as well as the Houtman Abrolhos islands.

At 1,587,758 km², Durack is the largest electorate in Australia by land area, covering most of Western Australia's land area.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Barry Haase|Liberal|2010–2013|
|||Melissa Price|Liberal|2013–present|
Barry Haase was the member for the Division of Kalgoorlie which was abolished in the changes which established Durack.

## Other websites

- Division of Durack – Australian Electoral Commission
- Melissa Price's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Durack
- **image**: Division of Durack 2022.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Durack (green) in Western Australia
- **created**: 2008
- **mp**: Melissa Price
- **mp-party**: Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal
- **namesake**: Durack family  of Western Australia
- **electors**: 85,811 (2010)
- **area**: 1587758
- **class**: Rural
Division of Gorton

The **Division of Gorton** is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was set up in 2004 and is named for Sir John Gorton, Prime Minister of Australia from 1968 to 1971. It covers the outer western suburbs of Melbourne. It includes the suburbs of Hillside, Delahey, Kings Park, Caroline Springs, Deer Park, Cairnlea and Melton as well as the satellite townships of Diggers Rest and Toolern Vale.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Brendan O'Connor|Labor|2004–2022|

Brendan O'Connor had also been the member for the Division of Burke. He has held several Ministerial positions in the Rudd Government and the Gillard Government These have included Immigration and Citizenship, Housing, Human Services, Skills and Training, Small Business, and Employment.

## Other websites

- Division of Gorton – Australian Electoral Commission
- Brendan O'Connor's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Gorton
- **image**: Division of Gorton 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Gorton (green) in Victoria (Australia), Victoria
- **created**: 2004
- **namesake**: John Gorton
- **electors**: 113,675 (2010)
- **area**: 166
- **class**: Outer Metropolitan
Division of Holt

The **Division of Holt** is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was created in 1969 and is named for Harold Holt, who was Prime Minister of Australia 1966–67. It covers the outer south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. This includes Cranbourne, Doveton, Hampton Park, Endeavour Hills, Narre Warren, and Hallam.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Len Reid|Liberal|1969–1972|
|||Max Oldmeadow|Labor|1972–1975|
|||William Yates|Liberal|1975–1980|
|||Michael Duffy|Labor|1980–1996|
|||Gareth Evans|Labor|1996–1999|
|||Anthony Byrne|Labor|1999–2022|
|||Cassandra Fernando|Labor|2022–present|
Gareth Evans was a member of the Senate before being elected to Holt. He was a Cabinet Minister in the Hawke and Keating Governments, including Foreign Minister. He was the Deputy Leader of the Opposition from 1996 to 1998.

## Other websites

- Division of Holt – Australian Electoral Commission
- Anthony Byrne's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Holt
- **image**: Division of Holt 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Holt (green) in Victoria (Australia), Victoria
- **created**: 1969
- **mp**: Cassandra Fernando
- **mp-party**: Australian Labor Party, Labor
- **namesake**: Harold Holt
- **electors**: 108,891 (2010)
- **area**: 145
- **class**: Outer Metropolitan
James Dougherty (police officer)

**James Dougherty** (born April 12, 1921 – August 15, 2005) was an American policeman in the Los Angeles Police Department. He was Marilyn Monroe's first husband.

## Early life

Dougherty was born in Texas. His parents were Ethel and Edward Dougherty. He was youngest of five children. His grandparents were immigrants from England and Ireland. When he was a child, he moved to Globe, Arizona with his parents.

He studied at Van Nuys, California  High School and graduated in 1938. Jane Russell, who grew up to become a very famous actress was in the same graduating class as James Dougherty.

## Marriages

In 1942, when he was 20 years old, he met his neighbor, Norma Jeane Baker. She was 16 years-old and they married in Los Angeles. After the wedding, he joined the navy. They separated in 1946. He told the Sun-Journal in 1997, that he was in love with a small town girl, not an actress. Until Monroe died in 1962, he followed the career of his ex-wife.

In 1947, he married Patricia Scoman. They have three daughters Cheryl Ann Dougherty (born 1947), Vivian Kathleen Dougherty (born 1950), and Maria Irene Dougherty (born 1952). Dougherty and Scoman separated in 1972.

His third wife was Rita Lambert. They married in 1974 and moved to her hometown in Maine. They were married until she died in 2003.

## Death

At the age of 84 years, he died in August 2005 of leukemia.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: James Dougherty
- **birth name**: James Edward Dougherty
- **birth place**: Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: San Rafael, California
- **occupation**: Policeman
- **spouse**: Marilyn Monroe (Norma Jeane Dougherty, née Mortenson) <small>(m. 1942–1946)</small>

Patricia Dougherty (née Scoman) <small>(m. 1947-1971)</small>

Rita Dougherty (née Lambert) <small>(m. 1974-2003; her death)</small>
- **parents**: Ethel Dougherty <small>(mother) (deceased)</small>
Edward Dougherty <small>(father) (deceased)</small>
- **children**: Cheryl Dougherty
Vivian Dougherty
Mary Dougherty
- **known for**: First husband of Marilyn Monroe
- **nationality**: American
Division of Lingiari

The **Division of Lingiari** is an Australian electoral division in the Northern Territory. It was created in 2000 and covers almost the entire Territory. The city of Darwin is in the Division of Solomon. Lingiari covers an area of , making it the second largest division in terms of area in Australia. The largest is the Division of Durack in Western Australia. Lingiari also includes the Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands.

The division was named for Aboriginal rights activist Vincent Lingiari AM (1908–1988), who was a member of the Gurindji nation.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Warren Snowdon|Labor|2001–2022|
|||Marion Scrymgour|Labor|2022–present|
Warren Snowden held a number of positions, including Minister for Veterans' Affairs, Minister for Defence Science and Personnel, Minister for Indigenous Health, and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister on the Centenary of Anzac during the Rudd and Gillard governments.

## Other websites

- Division of Lingiari – Australian Electoral Commission
- Warren Snowden's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Lingiari
- **image**: Division of Lingiari 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Lingiari (green) within Australia
(outer islands not shown)
- **created**: 2001
- **mp**: Marion Scrymgour
- **mp-party**: Australian Labor Party, Labor
- **namesake**: Vincent Lingiari
- **electors**: 61,168 (2010)
- **area**: 1352371
- **class**: Rural
Sophie Germain prime

A **Sophie Germain prime** is a type of prime number. If a prime number is still prime after being multiplied by 2 and adding 1 to the answer, then the original prime is a Sophie Germain prime. A mathematical definition is: a prime number, denoted by _p_, is a Sophie Germain prime if _2p+1_ is also a prime number. _2p+1_ is called a safe prime if it is a prime number.

Sophie Germain primes are named after the French mathematician Sophie Germain.

Many mathematicians believe that there are an infinite amount of Sophie Germain primes, but this has not been proven.

## Examples

11 is a Sophie Germain prime because 23 ((2 × 11) + 1 = 23) is also a prime number.

13 is a prime number but not a Sophie Germain prime because 27 ((2 × 13) + 1 = 27) is not a prime number.
Touraine

**Touraine** () is one of the traditional provinces of France. Its capital was Tours. In 1790 France changed from being divided into provinces to being divided into departments. Touraine was divided between the departments of Indre-et-Loire, :Loir-et-Cher and Indre.

## Geography

Touraine has a network of rivers. The Loire and its tributaries the Cher, the Indre and the Vienne all make up a part of the Paris river basin. It is well known for its wine. The TGV connects Tours with Paris. The trip takes less than an hour. This has made Touraine a place of residence for people who work in the capital but seek a different quality of life.

## History

Touraine takes its name from a Celtic tribe called the Turones, who inhabited the Tours region about two thousand years ago.
In 1044, the control of Touraine was given to the counts of Anjou. This same dynasty who (as the House of Plantagenet) became kings of England in 1154. The castle of Chinon was their great stronghold. In 1205, Philip II Augustus of France regained Touraine. At this time, Touraine was made into a Duchy. In 1429, Saint Joan of Arc had a historic meeting with the future King of France Charles VII at Chinon. Throughout the late 15th and 16th centuries, Touraine was a favorite residence of French kings. The castles were converted to Renaissance châteaux; for this reason the region was titled "The Garden of France". These same châteaux became popular tourist attractions in modern times. The royal duchy became a province in 1584, and was divided into departments in 1790.

## Famous natives

- René Descartes
- Honoré de Balzac

## Famous non-natives

- Leonardo da Vinci died in Amboise in 1519
- Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas, Duke of Touraine leader of the Army of Scotland in France during the Hundred Years' War.
Emily Procter

**Emily Mallory Procter** (born October 8, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Detective Calleigh Duquesne on the television series _CSI: Miami_.

## Early life

Procter was born in Raleigh, North Carolina and grew up there. She was adopted. Her parents William and Barbara divorced when she was three years old. She has an older brother Whit. She went to East Carolina University and got degrees in journalism and dance.

## Career

She went to the drama school for two years. She acted in movies like _Leaving Las Vegas_ and _Jerry Maguire_, before she graduated. In 1988, she got her first main role in the film _Breast Man_.

Her breakthrough was on the TV series _CSI: Miami_. She played the role of Calleigh Duquesne from 2002 to 2012.

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Emily Mallory Procter
- **image**: Emily Procter at Fashion Rocks 2008 cropped.jpg
- **birth place**: Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1995–present
- **relatives**: Whit (brother)
- **children**: 1
Eve Hewson

**Eve Hewson** (born 7 July 1991) is an Irish actress. She is the daughter of U2's lead singer Bono and Irish activist Ali Hewson.  Her first big movie role was in Paolo Sorrentino's _This Must Be the Place_ in 2011, with Sean Penn.

## Early life

Hewson was born on 7 July 1991 in Dublin. She was named Eve because she was born on 7 July at 7:00pm, and  "eve" is the middle of the word "seven". She has three siblings. She was educated at St. Andrew's College in Dublin and attended New York University (NYU).

U2 song "Kite" was based on a time when Bono his daughters to fly kite on Killiney Hill. When the kite smashed, Eve asked if they could go home to play with their Tamagotchis.

## Career

Hewson's parents did not want her to be a performer. However she was in a short movie in 2005 with her sister. This was Erica Dunton's short movie, _Lost and Found_. her first feature-length movie was in 2008, in Dunton's _The 27 Club_. The same year Hewson took part in an acting programme at the New York Film Academy. In 2010 she was in a music video and short movie for Irish band The Script's song "For the First Time".

In 2011 Hewson acted with Sean Penn and Frances McDormand in Paolo Sorrentino's _This Must Be the Place_. Her role was a young punk called Mary. She will play Yvonne in a new movie called Blood Ties by French director Guillaume Canet. Hewson  received her degree from New York University on 22 May 2013. Her father turned down an offer of an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters on the same day.

In July 2013 Jack Quaid from _The Hunger Games_ and Hewson asked fans for money for a new movie called _Roadies_ using crowdsourcing.

## Filmography

|Year|Film|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2005|_Lost and Found_||Credited as Brenda M. Stankard|
|2008|_Jorma's Blind Date_|The Blind Date|Credited as Eve Hewston|
|2008|_The 27 Club_|Stella||
|2010|_For the First Time_|Della|Music Video|
|2011|_This Must Be the Place_|Mary||
|2013|_Blood Ties_|Yvonne||
|2013|_Enough Said_|||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Eve Hewson
- **image**: Eve Hewson.png
- **birth name**: Memphis Eve Sunny Day Hewson
- **birth place**: Dublin, Republic of Ireland, Ireland
- **occupation**: Actress
- **nationality**: Irish
- **years active**: 2008–present
- **parents**: Paul Hewson (Bono) <small>(father)</small>
Ali Hewson <small>(mother)</small>
- **relatives**: Jordan Joy Hewson,
 Elijah Bob Patricius Guggi Q Hewson,
 John Abraham Hewson
Division of Solomon

The **Division of Solomon** is an Australian Electoral Division in the Northern Territory. It covers the cities of Darwin (including the surrounding suburbs) and Palmerston. The only other division in the territory, the Division of Lingiari, covers the remainder of the territory.

The division was created in 2000. It is named for Vaiben Solomon, a Premier of South Australia, and member of the first Australian Parliament. He represented the Northern Territory in the South Australian House of Assembly, when it was still part of that state.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||David Tollner|Country Liberal|2001–2007|
|||Damian Hale|Labor|2007–2010|
|||Natasha Griggs|Country Liberal|2010–2016|
|||Luke Gosling|Labor|2016–present|

## Other websites

- Division of Solomon – Australian Electoral Commission
- Natasha Grigg's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Solomon
- **image**:
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Solomon (green) within the Darwin, Northern Territory, Greater Darwin area
- **created**: 2000
- **mp**: Luke Gosling
- **mp-party**: Australian Labor Party, Labor
- **namesake**: Vaiben Solomon
- **electors**: 59,891 (2010)
- **area**: 337
- **class**: Inner Metropolitan
Izalco (volcano)

**Izalco** is a volcano in the west part of El Salvador. It is a black color. Izalco is near the Santa Ana volcano, which is three kilometers to the south.
Madeiran wall lizard

The **Madeira wall lizard** (_Teira dugesii_) or **Madeira lizard** is a species of lizard in the Lacertidae family, and the only member of the genus _Teira_.

## Distribution

This Madeira wall lizard is endemic to the Madeira Islands, Portugal, where it is abundant. In the Azores, this lizard is found after involuntary introduction during the 19th century by ship trade between the two archipelagos, but the lizards have never reached the population numbers as in their territory of origin. There is also a small population in the port area of Lisbon, probably accidentally transported in ships carrying bananas, and first found in 1992; a study of 2001 found that the population has remained stable in size since its discovery.

## Taxonomy

The species was named after the French zoologist Louis Antoine Dugès (1797–1838).

The subspecies _Teira dugesii mauli_ (Mertens, 1938) from the Desertas Islands now is a synonym of _Teira dugesii dugesii_. _Atlantolacerta andreanskyi_ (Andreansky's lizard) from Morocco, and _Scelarcis perspicillata_ (Menorca wall lizard) from Morocco, Algeria and Minorca, were in the genus _Teira_ but now are in other genera.

The species _Teira dugessii_ presents three subspecies:
- _Teira dugesii dugesii_ (Milne-Edwards, 1829) - of the Madeira island and of the Desertas Islands (Deserta Grande, Ilhéu Chão e Bugio). The population introduced in Azores and Lisbon are of this subspecie.
- _Teira dugesii jogeri_ (Bischoff, Osenegg & Mayer, 1989) - of the Porto Santo island.
- _Teira dugesii selvagensis_ (Bischoff, Osenegg & Mayer, 1989) of the Selvagens islands.

## Characteristics

These lizards can reach  in length, although adults have usually between . Their color can vary from light brown to dark gray, but with some of them (usually males) may show other colors, like green, blue and violet. Males can be easily distinguished from females due to the presence of a yellow fold at the bottom of the hind legs.

The females lay two to three groups of eggs annually. And some individuals could live to 16 years or more.

## Food

Despite being essentially an insectivorous species, ripe fruits and berries (especially blackberries) are also part of their diet.

## Habitat

This species is generally found in arid areas where the vegetation is not dense. It may also occur in open woodland, areas with rocks and where crops are grown.

## Other websites

- Animal Diversity Web: Teira dugesii
- Catalogue of Life
- Teira dugessi| The Reptile Database
- Fauna Europea: Taxon Details
- NCBI (Teira dugesii)
- uBio: Teira dugessi Milne-Edwards 1829
Moab

**Moab** (not to be confused with Moab, the city in Utah) is the historical name for an area of land in Jordan. The mountainous land covers the eastern shore of the Dead Sea. In ancient times, it was the **Kingdom of Möab**. There have been many archaeological findings that have helped reconstruct its history. It is also described in the Old Testament of the Bible. According to Genesis (19:37), it was inhabited by the children of Moab, a grandson and son<nowiki/>of Lot. The Moabites were often at war with its neighbours to the west, the Israelites.

The capital of Moab was Dibon.

A well-known Moabite is Ruth. According to the Biblical Book of Ruth, she married an Israelite man and became the greatgrandmother of king David.

## Related pages

- Massive Ordnance Air Blast - MOAB

## Other websites

- Catholic encyclopedia
Suffering

**Suffering** is pain or mental or emotional unhappiness caused by bad things happening, like disasters or illness. It is an important topic in philosophy, and religion. Much health care exists to help people who are suffering. It is proposed to be defined as an unpleasant experience as it affects a person at a psychophysical and existential level.

## Related pages

- Misery
- Pessimism

## Other websites

- Peter Kreeft
The Defiant Ones

***The Defiant Ones*** is a 1958 American black and white movie which tells the story of two escaped prisoners, one white and one black, who are shackled together and who must co-operate in order to survive. It stars Tony Curtis, Sidney Poitier, Theodore Bikel, Cara Williams, Charles McGraw, and Lon Chaney, Jr.. Ivan Dixon was a stunt double for Sidney Poitier.
Ruby (color)

**Ruby** is a deep red color that is a representation of the color of the cut and polished ruby gemstone.

The first written use of _ruby_ as a color name in English was in 1572.

## Meaning of ruby

- The ruby slippers are the magical shoes worn by Dorothy (played by Judy Garland) in the 1939 MGM movie _The Wizard of Oz_.

## Tones of ruby color comparison chart

|Name|width=100|Color|HEX Code|Red|Green|Blue|Hue|Sat|Lum|Source|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Ruby**|style = "background-color: #e0115f; "||**#E0115F**|**224**|**17**|**95**|**337***|**86%**|**47%**|**(Maerz and Paul)**|
|Rubine Red|style = "background-color: #d10056;"||#D10056|209|0|86|335*|100%|41%|(Pantone)|
|Ruber|style = "background-color: #ce4676;"||#CE4676|206|70|118|339*|58%|54%|(ISCC-NBS)|
|Medium Ruby|style = "background-color: #aa4069; color:#ffffff"||#AA4069|170|64|105|337*|45%|46%|(Ruby (Crayola Gem Tones))|
|Ruby Red|style = "background-color: #9b111e; color:#ffffff"||#9B111E|155|17|30|354*|80%|34%|(RAL)|
|Big Dip O' Ruby|style = "background-color: #9c2542; color:#ffffff"||#9C2542|156|37|66|345*|62%|38%|(Crayola Metallic FX)|
|Antique Ruby|style = "background-color: #841b2d; color:#ffffff"||#841B2D|137|27|45|350*|66%|31%|(ISCC-NBS)|
|Deep Ruby|style = "background-color: #843f5b; color:#ffffff"||#843F5B|132|63|91|336*|35%|38%|(Ruby (British Standards 381))|

## Related pages

- List of colors
Penny Ur

**Penny Ur** (born 1944) is a professor at Oranim and Haifa University. She retired as head of the Masters of Education program at the Oranim Academic College of Education. Ur studied at several universities earning her Master of Arts at Oxford University, PGCE at Cambridge University, Master of Arts in Teaching English as a Foreign Language at Reading University. She moved from the United Kingdom to Israel in 1967. She taught in primary and secondary schools in Israel for more than 30 years. She is interested in language-teaching methodologies, how they change the ways teachers teach, and English as a lingua franca. She writes for the Learning English section of the Guardian Weekly.

Ur received the OBE (Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire) for her work as an English language teacher.

## Works

- _A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory_. Cambridge University Press.
- _Discussions that Work_. Cambridge University Press.
- _Five-Minute Activities_. Cambridge University Press.
- _Grammar Practice Activities_. Cambridge University Press.
- _Teaching Listening Comprehension_. Cambridge University Press.
- _Vocabulary Activities_. Cambridge University Press.
Feng shui

**Feng Shui** () is a Chinese system of luck. It has to do with the laws which help one improve luck.

Feng Shui means "wind and water" in Chinese. It was invented by the Taoists. Feng Shui has "five elements", they are: Fire, Earth, Metal, Water, and Wood. These elements are set up in a specific way: Fire makes Earth, Earth creates Metal, Metal holds Water, Water nurtures Wood, and Wood feeds Fire. Also, Earth dams Water, Water extinguishes Fire, Fire melts Metal, Metal cuts Wood, and Wood consumes Earth.

Many people implement Feng Shui's philosophies in their everyday lives.  There are multiple Feng Shui schools, such as "The Western School of Feng Shui" and "The American Feng Shui Institute"
Adam Rodríguez

**Adam Michael Rodríguez** (born April 2, 1975) is an American actor. He is best known for his long running role as Eric Delko on _CSI: Miami_.

## Early life

Rodríguez was born in Yonkers, New York. His parents are Janet and Ramon Rodríguez. He is Puerto Rican and Cuban. He studied at Clarkstown High School North in New City, New York with the NFL player Keith Bullock of the New York Giants. He graduated in 1993.

Rodríguez wanted to become a baseball player. Because of an injury, he could not do that. Afterwards, he wanted to become an actor. His first casting was at the age of 10 years for _The Cosby Show_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Adam Rodríguez
- **image**: Adamrodriguez05.JPG
- **caption**: Rodriguez at a meet and greet, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, December 3, 2005
- **birth name**: Adam Michael Rodríguez
- **birth place**: Yonkers, New York
Exogeny

**Exogeny** refers to coming from the outside. People, planets, computers, and anything else can be influenced either by things in its environment or by things within itself. Things from within itself are indigenous.

The Earth is shaped by many geological processes. The forces that make these things happen come from both inside and outside the Earth.

In geology, **exogenous** processes come from forces _on or above_ the Earth's surface. Processes caused by forces from _within_ the Earth are **endogenous** processes. _Exo_ is a prefix meaning "out", and _endo_ is a prefix meaning "in".

Many exogenous (extraterrestrial) forces are caused by other bodies in the Solar System. For example, the Moon causes tides in the Earth's oceans and other big bodies of water. Impacts from comets and meteoroids change the surface of the Earth. When they strike the Earth, they make craters in the ground.

The Sun is the main exogenous influence in the Solar System. It has many effects on Earth. Radiation from the Sun is a main cause of the surface temperature of the Earth, and for the growth of plant life. We are partly shielded from the Sun's solar wind by the Earth's magnetic field. Storms of solar particles would otherwise strip away the ozone layer which protects us from ultraviolet radiation. Sometimes we see aurorae, which are lights that can be seen at night near the poles.

An example of an exogenous process that is not as a result of bodies in space is erosion. Erosion is mostly made by precipitation such as rain and snow, and by wind.

There are three main endogenous geological processes: folding, faulting and volcanism. They take place mainly along the plate boundaries. These are the zones on the edges of plates. Endogenous processes cause many major landform features.
Boeing E-6 Mercury

The **Boeing E-6 Mercury** is a U.S. military aircraft. It is used by the US Navy as airborne headquarters and a communication aircraft. It is the biggest aircraft of the U.S. Navy. **Boeing E-6 Mercury** is a military variant of the Boeing 707 airliner.
Boeing E-3 Sentry

The **Boeing E-3 Sentry** is a military aircraft. It is used as an airborne early warning and control (AWACS) aircraft by the United States Air Force, NATO and three foreign operators: France, Saudi Arabia, and the UK. It is a military variant of the famous Boeing 707 airliner. It is classified as an Airborne Warning and Control System, or an AWACS for short.

This kind of aircraft was used in the Gulf War, as well as in the War in Afghanistan.

The Boeing E-3 Sentry is used to watch the battlefield in the air and on the surface by tracking and observing them, then giving that information to military members on the same side. As such, they are considered very important by the air forces that use them.

The E-3 gets this data from to a big rotating radar that rises from its back. This radar allows it to detect enemy planes, while being out of range of enemy anti-air guns and missiles.

## References

- E-3 Sentry (AWACS), Archived, Tinker Air Force Base

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: Boeing E-3 Sentry
- **image**: File:Boeing E-3A (NATO) (8739203052).jpg
- **caption**: NATO **Boeing E-3 Sentry**  in flight.


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: AWACS aircraft
- **national origin**: United States
- **manufacturer**: Boeing
- **first flight**: 1976
- **introduction**: 1977
- **status**: Active
- **primary user**: US Air Force
- **number built**: 68 examples.
Fiat G.91

The **Fiat G.91** is a military aircraft designed and built in Italy. It was built for a NATO request as a light fighter jet and training aircraft. It was used in Germany, Italy, and Portugal.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: Fiat G.91
- **image**: File:Fiat G-91T-1, Italy - Air Force AN0854111.jpg
- **caption**: Training aircraft, Traning variant of the Fiat G.91, the **G.91T**.


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Light Fighter aircraft, fighter jet aircraft, jet and training aircraft
- **national origin**: Italy
- **manufacturer**: Fiat
- **first flight**: 1956
- **introduction**: 1958
- **status**: Out of service
- **primary user**: Italy, Italian Air Force
- **number built**: more than 600 examples
God's Gonna Cut You Down

**"God's Gonna Cut You Down"**, also known as "Run On" and "Run On for a Long Time", is a traditional folk song which has been recorded by many artists representing many genres. The lyrics are a warning to sinners that no matter how hard they try, they will not avoid God's judgment. Johnny Cash sang this song for an album called _American V: A Hundred Highways_ (2006).
Hurt (Nine Inch Nails song)

**"Hurt"** is a song written by Trent Reznor. It was first released on Nine Inch Nails' 1994 album _The Downward Spiral_. It received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Rock Song in 1996 but lost to Alanis Morissette's "You Oughta Know".

Originally recorded by Nine Inch Nails, the song "Hurt" has been adapted and covered by several artists, including Johnny Cash and Leona Lewis. The song clearly includes references to self-harm and heroin addiction, although the overall meaning of the song is unknown.

In 2002, Johnny Cash covered the song for his album, _American IV: The Man Comes Around_. The line "crown of shit" was changed to "crown of thorns", not only removing profanity from the lyrics, but also more directly referencing Christ and Cash's devout Christianity. Its accompanying video, featuring images from Cash's life and directed by Mark Romanek, was named the best video of the year by the Grammy Awards and CMA Awards, and the best video of all time by _NME_ in July 2011. The cover was released on a single with the B-side 'Personal Jesus', a cover of the Depeche Mode single.
Folsom Prison Blues

**"Folsom Prison Blues"** is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Johnny Cash. The song combines two popular folk genres, the train song and the prison song. Cash would continue to use these genres for the rest of his career. It became one of Cash's best known songs.
Man in Black (song)

**"Man in Black"** (or **"The Man in Black"**) is a song written and sung by Johnny Cash. The song was said to be based on Cash himself. It was originally released on his 1971 album of the same name. Cash himself was known as "The Man in Black" for his distinctive style of on-stage costuming. It was one of Cash's famous songs.
Kingsland, Arkansas

**Kingsland** is a city in Cleveland County, Arkansas, United States. Its population was 347 at the 2020 U.S. census. It is included in the Pine Bluff, Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is famous as the birthplace of legendary country music artist Johnny Cash.
Vasoconstriction

**Vasoconstriction** occurs when blood vessels become narrower because of the tightening of the muscles in their walls. Its opposite is vasodilation, which is when blood vessels widen. For example, when you are cold, blood vessels near the skin vasoconstrict so that you don't lose too much heat from your blood.

When blood vessels vasoconstrict, this increases blood pressure. Sometimes, blood pressure is too high and this can cause heart disease, so people have to take medicine to make the muscles in the blood vessels relax.
Jeannette Littlemore

**Jeannette Littlemore** studies applied linguistics in the English Language department at the University of Birmingham. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in European Studies at the University of Bradford in 1989, Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics and English Language Teaching at the University of East Anglia in 1993, and PhD in English Language Teaching at Thames Valley University in 1998. She has taught in Spain, Japan, Belgium, and the UK. One of her research interests is the use of metaphor and gestures.

## Books

- _Figurative Thinking and Foreign Language Learning_. Co-author Low, G. Palgrave Macmillan. (2006).
- _Applying Cognitive Linguistics to Second Language Learning and Teaching_. Palgrave Macmillan. (2009).
- _Doing Applied Linguistics_. Co-author Groom, N. Routledge. (2011)
- _Metonymy: Hidden Shortcuts in Language, Thought and Communication_. Cambridge University Press. (2015)

## Related pages

List of women linguists

## Other websites

- An Interview with Jeannette Littlemore
Wish I Was Here

***Wish I Was Here*** is an American comedy drama movie directed by Zach Braff. It was released on July 18, 2014. It is about Aidan Bloom (Zach Braff), a struggling actor, father and husband. He is trying to find the purpose of his life at the age of 35.

## Cast

- Zach Braff as Aidan Bloom
- Kate Hudson as Sarah Bloom
- Joey King as Grace Bloom
- Pierce Gagnon as Tucker Bloom
- Mandy Patinkin as Gabe Bloom
- Josh Gad as Noah Bloom
- Ashley Greene as Janine
- Jim Parsons as Paul
- Donald Faison as Anthony
- Phill Lewis as nerd
- Leslie David Baker as Audition actor #1
- James Avery as Audition actor #2
- Mark Thudium as Terry
- Bob Clendenin as Defense attorney

## Other websites

- _Wish I Was Here_ at Kickstarter

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Wish I Was Here
- **director**: Zach Braff
- **producer**: Michael Shamberg
 Stacey Sher
- **writer**: Adam J. Braff
 Zach Braff
- **starring**: Zach Braff
 Kate Hudson
 Jim Parsons
 Ashley Greene
 Joey King
- **cinematography**: Lawrence Sher
- **studio**: Double Feature Films
 Worldview Entertainment
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $6,000,000
A Boy Named Sue

"**A Boy Named Sue**" is a song written by Shel Silverstein. It was first made popular by Johnny Cash.  Cash was at the height of his popularity when he recorded the song live at California's San Quentin State Prison at a concert on February 24, 1969.  The concert was taped by Granada Television. It was later shown as a television program. Carl Perkins played guitar during the performance.

The sound recording of the concert was later released on Cash's _At San Quentin_ album by Columbia Records. Cash also sang the song as a comedy performance in December 1969 at Madison Square Garden.

The song became Cash's biggest hit on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 chart. It was his only top ten single there, spending three weeks at No. 2 in 1969. The track was also at the top of the _Billboard_ Hot Country Songs and Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts that same year. It was certified Gold on August 14, 1969, by the RIAA.

Shel Silverstein's recording was released the same year as "Boy Named Sue". It was a single on his album _Boy Named Sue (and His Other Country Songs)_. It was produced by Chet Atkins and Felton Jarvis.

## The song

The story of the song was inspired by the writer Jean Shepherd, a close friend of Shel Silverstein.  He was often made fun of as a child because of his feminine-sounding name.

In his autobiography, Cash wrote that he had just been given the song and only read it a couple of times. It was included in that concert just to try it out. He did not know the words when he first sang it.  On the video recording, he can be seen regularly looking at a piece of paper. Cash was surprised at how well the song went over with the audience.
Let It Be (song)

"**Let It Be**" is a song by The Beatles, released in March 1970 as a single, and (in an alternate mix) as the title track of their album _Let It Be_.

It was written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon. It was their final single before McCartney announced his departure from the band (by that time, Lennon had already left).

Both the _Let It Be_ album and the US single "The Long and Winding Road" were released after McCartney's announced departure from and subsequent break-up of the group.

"Let It Be" holds the number-one spot on "The Fans' Top 10" poll included in _The 100 Best Beatles Songs: An Informed Fan's Guide_ by Stephen J. Spignesi and Michael Lewis. The song is number three in the 100 Best Beatles Songs list, only behind "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "A Day in the Life", which is number one.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Let It Be
- **type**: single
- **artist**: the Beatles
- **album**: Let It Be
- **b-side**: You Know My Name (Look Up the Number)
- **released**: 6 March 1970
- **recorded**: :en:Apple Corps, Apple, 31 January 1969
Abbey Road Studios, EMI, 30 April 1969 & 4 January 1970
- **length**: 3:50 (single version)
4:03 (album version)
- **label**: Apple Records, Apple
- **writer**: Lennon–McCartney
- **chronology**: The Beatles UK
- **prev title**: :en:Something (Beatles song), Something
- **prev title2**: Come Together
- **prev year**: 1969
- **next title**: Yesterday (Beatles song), Yesterday
- **next year**: 1976
Escape from New York

***Escape from New York*** is a 1981 American science fiction movie.  It was released on July 10, 1981. It was directed by John Carpenter and written by Nick Castle.  The film's total budget was estimated to be US$6 million.

It stars Kurt Russell.

The cast includes Donald Pleasence (as the President of the United States), Isaac Hayes, Adrienne Barbeau, Harry Dean Stanton, Lee Van Cleef, Ernest Borgnine, Tom Atkins, Charles Cyphers, Ox Baker, and Jamie Lee Curtis as introduction narrator (uncredited).

A following movie was released called, _Escape from L.A._.
Escape from L.A.

***Escape from L.A.*** is a 1996 American science fiction movie directed by John Carpenter. It stars Michael Sopkiw, Cliff Robertson, Steve Buscemi, Peter Fonda, Stacy Keach, Bruce Campbell, and Pam Grier. Robertson replaced Donald Pleasence as President due to his death in 1995. It was sequel for _Escape from New York_. It was released on August 9, 1996.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Escape From L.A.
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: John Carpenter
- **writer**: John Carpenter
Debra Hill
Kurt Russell
- **based on**: Characters created by
John Carpenter
Nick Castle
- **starring**: Michael Sopkiw
Stacy Keach
Steve Buscemi
Peter Fonda
Georges Corraface
Cliff Robertson
Michelle Forbes
- **producer**: Debra Hill
Kurt Russell
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
- **music**: John Carpenter
Shirley Walker
- **cinematography**: Gary B. Kibbe
- **editing**: Edward A. Warschilka
- **released**: August 9, 1996
- **runtime**: 101 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $50 million
- **gross**: $25,426,861
Blue Jasmine

The movie ***Blue Jasmine*** is a 2013 drama movie. This was directed by Woody Allen. The subject talks about an NYC area woman by the name Jasmine, whose life completely falls apart, at which point she then relocates to San Francisco. This movie was released in July and August 2013. It has received very enthusiastic reviews by the critics. Woody Allen would not release _Blue Jasmine_ in India. It was nominated for 3 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 2014.
The Thing (1982 movie)

***The Thing*** (also known as ***John Carpenter's The Thing***) is a 1982 American science fiction horror monster movie directed by John Carpenter. It stars Kurt Russell, Wilford Brimley, Richard Dysart, Richard Masur and Donald Moffat. The movie's title refers to the main antagonist: a parasitic extraterrestrial lifeform that violently assimilates other organisms and in turn changes into their shape. The Thing enters an Antarctic research station, taking the appearance of the researchers that it absorbs, and paranoia develops within the group. It was released on June 25, 1982.

## Other websites

- _The Thing_ at theofficialjohncarpenter.com
- Film critic Jonathan Rosenbaum's Set Visit
Poseidon (movie)

***Poseidon*** is a 2006 American disaster movie directed by Wolfgang Petersen. It is a remake of _The Poseidon Adventure_. It was distributed by Warner Bros.. It stars Josh Lucas, Kurt Russell and Richard Dreyfuss. It was released on May 12, 2006.
Air Force One (movie)

***Air Force One*** is a 1997 American action-thriller movie written by Andrew W. Marlowe and directed by Wolfgang Petersen. It is about a group of Russian terrorists hijacking Air Force One. It stars Harrison Ford, Gary Oldman, Glenn Close, Xander Berkeley, Jürgen Prochnow, William H. Macy, Dean Stockwell, Wendy Crewson, Philip Baker Hall and Paul Guilfoyle. The movie was composed by Jerry Goldsmith.

## Filming

Kevin Costner was offered the role of President James Marshall but turned it down as he had other commitments, and the script was given to Harrison Ford who accepted it.

Ford refused to do a scene in the script where Marshall sits down to gather himself as he felt that he didn't sit down when family is in a crisis. Marlowe always felt the "Get off my plane!" line was cheesy until Ford performed it to "pitch-perfect".

## Release

It was released on July 25, 1997. When the move came out, U.S. President Bill Clinton praised it. The movie was a box office success and received mostly positive critical reviews. It became the fifth highest-grossing movie of 1997, earning $315.2 million worldwide.

It also received two Academy Award nominations for Best Sound and Best Film Editing, losing both awards to _Titanic_.

## Response

On Rotten Tomatoes, _Air Force One_ has an approval rating of 79% based on 63 reviews, with an average rating of 7/10. On Metacritic, the movie has a weighted average score of 62 out of 100, based on 25 critics. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the movie an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

A _Wall Street Journal_ poll in 2016 named Harrison Ford's James Marshall as the "greatest fictional U.S. president of all time".

## Other websites

- Air Force One DailyScript.com

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Air Force One
- **director**: Wolfgang Petersen
- **writer**: Andrew W. Marlowe
- **music**: Jerry Goldsmith
- **cinematography**: Michael Ballhaus
- **editing**: Richard Francis-Bruce
- **runtime**: 124 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **budget**: $85 million
- **gross**: $315.2 million
Triangular trade

The **triangular trade** refers to trade between three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually develops when a region is exporting resources that are not needed in the region from which its main imports come. Instead, the resources are exported to a third region. The routes involved were historically also shaped by the winds and currents during the age of sailing ships.

The best-known triangular trading systems were across the Atlantic Ocean, especially the Atlantic slave trade, which lasted from the late 16th to early 19th centuries. During this time, European countries such as Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands and France had colonies in the Americas and Africa. The ships carrying slaves, crops and manufactured goods between West Africa, the Caribbean and American colonies and the colonial powers in Europe. The use of African slaves was very important to growing colonial cash crops, which were exported to Europe. European goods, in turn, were used to buy African slaves, which were then brought from West Africa to the Americas to work on the crops. The middle passage of the triangular trade refers to the transportation of the slaves to America.

The Atlantic economy was tied into the idea of mercantilism, which thought it was a good idea for European countries to have a lot of colonies that traded only with them. Goods that were traded in the Atlantic economy were rum, slaves, sugar, tobacco, gold, spices, fish, lumber and manufactured goods. Triangular trading became less common in the 20th century due to free trade and ships specialized for particular cargoes.

## Other websites

- The Transatlantic Slave Trade Database, a portal to data concerning the history of the triangular trade of transatlantic slave trade voyages
Waistline (clothing)

The **waistline** is the part of a piece of clothing that sits on the wearer's waist. The actual position of the waitline can be different depending on the fashion or how the person chooses to wear the garment, but it is normally just above the hips.

Waistlines can be secured with a variety of methods, such as buttons, knots and zippers. A waistband is a strip of elastic rubber that adjusts to keep the item tight against the body.
Waistline

**Waistline** can mean several things:

- Waist, the narrow point of the human body between the ribcage and hips
- Waistline (clothing), part of clothing that sits on the waist
Heliocentrism

**Heliocentrism** is the idea that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun, which is the center of the solar system. Many people proposed heliocentrism, such as Aristarchus of Samos from ancient Greece, but Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to think of good reasons why it is true. This was the beginning of modern astronomy.

## History

Before Copernicus, most people thought that the Sun and the other planets revolved around the Earth (this was called geocentrism). This is because if you stand on Earth, it looks like the Sun and stars are moving across the sky. However, when people watched for many years they saw many things that did not make sense if the Earth was the center of the Solar system. For example, sometimes the planets seemed to move back and forth instead of moving around the Earth. Copernicus explained why these things happen in 1543, when he published the book _De revolutionibus orbium coelestium_ ("On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres"). This gave his reasons for thinking the Sun was at the center instead.

Other astronomers who made further advances after Copernicus were Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei. For example, Kepler showed that the planets do not orbit in perfect circles, and Galileo built very good telescopes that helped to confirm the heliocentric model.

Copernicus also thought that the sun was the center of the universe, but we now know that this is incorrect. The Sun is part of the Milky Way galaxy which is one out of billions of galaxies.

## Further reading

- _On the Revolutions _; translation of _De Revolutionibus_ with commentary by Edward Rosen, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992, .
Trance

**Trance** describes a state of mind. A trance is when a person is conscious, and not sleeping, but is unaware of what is happening around him or her.

The term _trance_ is associated with hypnosis, meditation, magic, flow, religion, and certain kinds of music. It is an "altered state of consciousness".

There are many efforts to define what a trance is. Some think it is a borderland between normal consciousness and spirituality.

The most straightforward example is when a person is hypnotized, they are in a trance. Conscious, and responding to the hypnotist, the person seems to block out other thoughts and other information.

Another common example is the day-dream, where a person's mind drifts across private thoughts. Everyone daydreams, but young children constantly daydream, and have vivid imaginary fantasies. This is entirely normal. In the language of psychology, this kind of temporary separation from one's surroundings is called "dissociation". Research shows that a lot is going on when we daydream.

There are many examples of trance in religion. African animistic religions, such as that of the Yoruba, feature dances in celebration of the spirits. Under the influence of rhythm and song, a group dances, often for hours at a time. During this time, various members of the group may fall into trances, and some may act as if possessed by one of the spirits being worshiped. States of "spiritual ecstasy" are known in most forms of Christian worship. It is a main part of those aspects of religion known as "mysticism".

## Related pages

- Flow (psychology)
Spitzer Space Telescope

The **Spitzer Space Telescope** is a telescope launched into space by NASA in 2003. It is the fourth telescope in the Great Observatories program (the Hubble Space Telescope was the first). The Hubble Space Telescope takes pictures of visible light, and the Spitzer Space Telescope takes pictures of infrared light. Unlike Hubble, Spitzer orbits the Sun instead of the Earth.

The Spitzer Space Telescope is named after the scientist Lyman Spitzer. It was planned to last for 2.5 years, but it actually lasted until 2009 when it exhausted its supply of coolant. Some parts of the telescope can work even when they are warm, and are still working.

## Discoveries

The Spitzer Space Telescope was able to see very good detail. Spitzer was the first telescope that could see light from extrasolar planets (planets outside the Solar System.) It was also able to see some of the first stars in the universe, believed to be only 100 million years after the Big Bang.

## Further reading

- Spitzer Space Telescope website at NASA.
- Spitzer Space Telescope website at Caltech.