Southern Ireland

**Southern Ireland** was the twenty-six county Irish state created by the Government of Ireland Act 1920.  This Act divided the island of Ireland in two, Northern Ireland (covering approximately fifteen percent of the island, in the northeast) and Southern Ireland (covering the remaining territory to the south and west). Both were given bicameral (two houses) parliaments and separate governments.

The king was represented by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who also acted in Northern Ireland.

Southern Ireland never existed except on paper.  It was set up by law, but the first attempted meeting of its Parliament failed because it was short of a _quorum_ (the number of members needed to hold a meeting).  The second sitting was only to confirm the decision of Dáil Éireann to confirm the Anglo-Irish Treaty, then dissolved it itself.

So the British government set up Southern Ireland but there was never any government to take power.

## Birth of The Irish Free State

After the treaty was confirmed Michael Collins, head of Dáil Éireann's government became Chairman of the Provisional Government

According to the British he met the Lord Lieutenant and was made the King's prime minister.   According to the Irish viewpoint, Collins went to accept the surrender of Dublin Castle. Arthur Griffith became President of Dáil Éireann, and then both Dáil Éireann and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland were then replaced in a  new election, for the 'Third Dáil', sometimes called the 'Provisional Parliament' or the 'Constituent Assembly'.  When Griffith died and a week later Collins was assassinated both in August 1922, W.T. Cosgrave was appointed to both offices, so the Irish nationalist and the British both systems of government joined into one temporary system, until the 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State came into force in December 1922.

## Footnotes

1. _Southern Ireland_ is sometimes erroneously used as a name for the Republic of Ireland or the earlier Irish Free State. However, officially the term has been wrong since 1922.

## Related pages

- Irish Home Rule

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Southern Ireland
- **common name**: Southern Ireland
- **p1**: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- **s1**: Irish Free State
- **life span**: 1921–1922

- **image map**: Southern Ireland in the UK and Europe.svg
- **capital**: Dublin
 <small></small>
- **government type**: Devolved parliamentary system, parliamentary legislature within constitutional monarchy
- **title leader**: List of British monarchs#House of Windsor (1917–present), Monarch
- **leader1**: George V
- **year leader1**: 1921–1922
- **title deputy**: Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State, Chairman
- **deputy1**: Michael Collins (Irish leader), Michael Collins
- **year deputy1**: 1922
- **deputy2**: W. T. Cosgrave
- **year deputy2**: 1922
- **legislature**: Parliament of Southern Ireland<sup>a</sup>
 Third Dáil, Provisional Parliament

- **house1**: Parliament of Southern Ireland#Senate, Senate
- **house2**: Parliament of Southern Ireland#House of Commons, House of Commons

- **event start**: Government of Ireland Act 1920, Government of Ireland Act
- **date start**: 3 May
- **year start**: 1921
- **event1**: Anglo-Irish Treaty
- **date event1**: 6 December 1921
- **event2**: Provisional Government of Ireland (1922), Provisional Government
- **date event2**: 16 January 1922
- **event end**: Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922, Irish Free State Constitution
- **date end**: 6 December
- **year end**: 1922
- **currency**: Pound sterling
- **common languages**: English language, English, Irish language, Irish
- **footnotes**: a. A Council of Ireland was also envisaged with "a view to the eventual establishment of a Parliament for the whole of Ireland" _(Source: GOI Act)_
- **today**: Republic of Ireland
- **image flag**: File:Flag of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.svg