juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Small interfering RNA

**Small interfering RNA** (**siRNA**) is a class of double-stranded RNA molecules, 20-25 base pairs long.

siRNA plays many roles, but it is most notable in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, where it interferes with the expression of certain genes. Genes are only affected if they have nucleotide sequences complementary to those of the siRNA.

siRNA functions by breaking down mRNA after transcription. This prevents   translation of the gene into protein. siRNA also acts in RNAi-related pathways, e.g., as an antiviral mechanism or in shaping the chromatin structure of a genome. The complexity of these pathways is only now being worked out.
Gene editing

**Gene editing** may refer to:

- Genetic engineering of any organism by genome editing
- Genome editing, a type of genetic engineering
- Gene therapy, the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid polymers into a patient's cells as a way to treat disease
- CRISPR gene editing, a genetic engineering technique
- Zinc finger editing, using nucleases
Harjit Sajjan

**Harjit Singh Sajjan** PC OMM MSM CD MP (born September 6, 1970) is a Canadian Liberal politician. He was the Canadian Minister of National Defence. Sajjan is also a Member of Parliament representing the Vancouver South riding. He was a decorated lieutenant-colonel in the Canadian Armed Forces. Before becoming a politician he spent 11 years as a police officer and detective.

As a teenager, Sajjan was baptised as a Sikh.

## Infobox (police officer)

- **embed**: yes
- **currentstatus**: Retired
- **branch**: Gang Crime Unit
- **rank**: Detective
- **department**: Vancouver Police Department


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Harjit Sajjan
- **image**: Harjit Sajjan - 2023 - P060539-646377 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Sajjan in 2023
- **office**: President of the King's Privy Council for Canada
- **term start**: July 26, 2023
- **term end**: March 14, 2025
- **predecessor**: Bill Blair (politician), Bill Blair
- **successor**: Dominic LeBlanc
- **primeminister**: Justin Trudeau
- **office1**: Minister of Emergency Preparedness
- **term start1**: July 26, 2023
- **term end1**: March 14, 2025
- **predecessor1**: Bill Blair
- **successor1**: David McGuinty
- **primeminister1**: Justin Trudeau
- **office2**: Regional Development Agency (Canada), Minister responsible for the Pacific Economic Development Agency of Canada
- **primeminister2**: Justin Trudeau
- **term start2**: October 26, 2021
- **term end2**: March 14, 2025
- **predecessor2**: _Position established_
- **successor2**: _Position discontinued_
- **office3**: Minister of International Development (Canada), Minister of International Development
- **primeminister3**: Justin Trudeau
- **term start3**: October 26, 2021
- **term end3**: July 26, 2023
- **predecessor3**: Karina Gould
- **successor3**: Ahmed Hussen
- **office4**: Minister of National Defence (Canada), Minister of National Defence
- **primeminister4**: Justin Trudeau
- **term start4**: November 4, 2015
- **term end4**: October 26, 2021
- **predecessor4**: Jason Kenney
- **successor4**: Anita Anand
- **office5**: Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada), Minister of Veterans Affairs
- **primeminister5**: Justin Trudeau
- **term start5**: February 12, 2019
- **term end5**: March 1, 2019
- **predecessor5**: Jody Wilson-Raybould
- **successor5**: Lawrence MacAulay
- **termlabel5**: Acting
- **riding6**: Vancouver South (federal electoral district), Vancouver South
- **parliament6**: Canadian
- **term start6**: October 19, 2015
- **predecessor6**: Wai Young
- **birth name**: Harjit Singh Sajjan
- **birth place**: Bombeli, Punjab, India, Punjab, India
- **nationality**: Canadian
- **party**: Liberal Party of Canada, Liberal
- **children**: 2
- **profession**: Police officer
- **occupation**: Politician
- **residence**: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- **serviceyears**: 1989–2015
- **rank**:  Lieutenant-colonel (Canada), Lieutenant-Colonel
- **unit**: The British Columbia Regiment
- **commands**: The British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught's Own)
Pledge of Allegiance

The **Pledge of Allegiance** of the United States is an expression of allegiance to the Flag of the United States and the republic of the United States of America. It was originally composed by Colonel George Balch in 1887. It was changed by Francis Bellamy in 1892. It was formally adopted by the Congress as the pledge in 1942.
Liberty, Indiana

**Liberty** is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 2,000. It is the county seat of Union County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Liberty, Indiana
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Union County Courthouse, Liberty, IN (48490910786).jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Union County Courthouse
- **image map**: File:Union County Indiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Liberty Highlighted 1843434.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Liberty in Union County, Indiana
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Indiana
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Indiana, County
- **subdivision name2**: Union County, Indiana, Union
- **subdivision type3**: List of townships in Indiana, Township
- **subdivision name3**: Center Township, Union County, Indiana, Center
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area land km2**: 2.22
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **area total km2**: 2.23
- **area total sq mi**: 0.86
- **area land sq mi**: 0.86
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 2000
- **population density km2**: 900.34
- **population density sq mi**: 2331.00
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation ft**: 1004
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 47353
- **area code**: Area code 765, 765
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 18-43434
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2396717
Arcadia, Indiana

**Arcadia** is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, there were 1,515 people living in Arcadia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Arcadia, Indiana
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: File:Hamilton County Indiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Arcadia Highlighted 1801954.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Arcadia in Hamilton County, Indiana.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Indiana
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Indiana, County
- **subdivision name2**: Hamilton County, Indiana, Hamilton
- **subdivision type3**: List of townships in Indiana, Township
- **subdivision name3**: Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana, Jackson
- **area total km2**: 1.43
- **area total sq mi**: 0.55
- **area land km2**: 1.43
- **area land sq mi**: 0.55
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 856
- **population total**: 1515
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 1061.70
- **population density sq mi**: 2749.55
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 46030
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **area code**: Area code 317, 317
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS ID
- **blank1 info**: 2397435
- **website**: https://www.arcadiaindiana.org/
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Isometry

**Isometry** is a concept of geometry. Isometry means that one shape can be transformed into another, but metrics such as the arrangement of the points in relation to each other stay the same. An isometry is a special way of changing things that makes sure the distance between every two points stays the same in both places. An isometry is a special kind of function that moves points from one location in space to some other location. Some of these ways include turning objects, reflecting them across an axis, translating them, or not moving them at all.

Most transformation that repeats itself after every two moves can either be a mirror image or a rotation by half. Every movement in a flat surface can be made by reflecting it at most three times. Every small group of transformations has at least one point that doesn't move. To be an isometry, a function needs to keep the distances between all points in both places the same. The distance from x to y is the same as the distance from f(x) to f(y).

If you draw something and then move it according to an isometry, the distances between the points on the first drawing will be the same as on the new drawing. Isometries are useful tools in many areas of mathematics, such as studying shapes, patterns, and how numbers behave. Metric spaces are helpful in geometry (and other branches of mathematics such as topology) because they help us study concepts such as symmetry, congruence, and transformations.
Skeletal muscle

**Skeletal muscle** is a form of "striated" (striped) muscle tissue. It is under the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system (means it can be controlled using the conscious mind). Most skeletal muscles are attached to bones by bundles of collagen fibers that are known as tendons. It is one of three muscle types, the others being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.

Skeletal muscle is made up of individual muscle cells or myocytes, known as _muscle fibres_. Muscle fibres do the work when muscles contract. A great deal is known about their structure and how they work. They contract when they get a nerve impulse.

Muscles provide strength, balance, posture, movement, and heat for the body to keep warm.

## Related pages

- Smooth muscle
- Heart muscle
- Heart
- Skeleton
- Actin

## Infobox (anatomy)

- **name**: Skeletal striated muscle/ Striated voluntary muscle
- **latin**: muscularis striatus skeletalis
- **image**: Muscles anterior labeled.png
- **caption**: Skeletal muscles, viewed from the front
- **image2**: Muscle posterior labeled.png
- **caption2**: Skeletal muscles, viewed from the back
Chris Stapleton

**Chris Stapleton** (born April 15, 1978 in Lexington, Kentucky) is an American country musician.
He studied engineering in college before quitting school to try to become a musician at age 23. He is now signed to Universal Music Group in Nashville. Stapleton has written six number-one songs. Those songs include the five-week number one single "Never Wanted Nothing More" recorded by Kenny Chesney, "Love's Gonna Make It Alright" recorded by George Strait and "Come Back Song" recorded by Darius Rucker.

## Singles

- "Parachute" (2016)
- "Broken Halos" (2017)
- "Starting Over" (2020), number one on Hot Country Songs
- "You Should Probably Leave" (2021), number one on _Hot Country Songs_ and Country Airplay
- "Think I'm in Love with You" (2024)

- Promotional recording
- "Tennessee Whiskey" (2015)

## Albums

- _Traveller_ (2015)
- _From A Room: Volume 1_ (2017)
- _From A Room: Volume 2_ (2017)
- _Starting Over_ (2020)

## Related pages

- List of country musicians from Kentucky
Cardiac muscle

A **cardiac muscle** (**heart muscle**) is one of the three main types of muscle in vertebrates. It is involuntary: a person cannot control it consciously. Also, it is a striped muscle in the walls of the heart. It makes up the tissue called the **myocardium**.

The other types of muscle are the skeletal and smooth muscle. The cells that make up cardiac muscle  have one (74%) or two (24.5%) nuclei. The myocardium forms a thick middle layer between the outer epicardium layer and the inner endocardium layer.

Coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle cells in the heart force blood out of the atria and ventricles to the blood vessels of the left/body/systemic and right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems. This mechanism illustrates systole (contraction) of the heart.

Cardiac muscle cells, unlike most other tissues in the body, rely on the coronary arteries to deliver oxygen and nutrients and remove waste products directly. There is no time for them to diffuse.

## Problems of the myocardium

The heart muscle can become sick and weak.  For example, if a person has very high blood pressure (hypertension), part of the heart muscle can get overworked.  The heart muscle becomes bigger and cannot do its job as well.  This is called hypertrophy.

If a person has a problem with the system that controls the heart, the heart muscle may not beat the way it needs to.  It may beat too slowly to get blood out to the body (this is called bradycardia).  Or it may beat so fast that the heart does not have time to fill with blood and then squeeze the blood out to the body.  This is called tachycardia (there are many kinds).

The heart gets blood through the coronary arteries.  These are special blood vessels that carry blood only to the heart.  In order to do its job, the heart muscle needs a constant supply of blood and oxygen from the coronary arteries.  If these coronary arteries get blocked, blood flow to the heart muscle can stop.  Without blood flow, the heart muscle gets no oxygen.  If this lasts long enough, the part of the heart muscle which is not getting enough oxygen dies.  This is called a myocardial infarction, or a heart attack.

## Infobox (anatomy)

- **name**: Cardiac muscle
- **latin**: Textus muscularis striatus cardiacus
- **image**: Glanzstreifen.jpg
- **caption**: Cardiac muscle
- **image2**: 414c Cardiacmuscle.jpg
- **caption2**: Cardiac muscle tissue is only found in the heart
- **part of**: Myocardium of the heart
Selimiye Mosque

The **Selimiye Mosque** (Turkish: Selimiye Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque, which is in  Edirne, Turkey. The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Selim II, and was built by architect Mimar Sinan between 1569 and 1575.

## Infobox (religious building)

- **building name**: Selimiye Mosque
- **native name**: Selimiye Camii
- **image**: Selimiye Mosque.png
- **map type**: Turkey
- **map caption**: Location of the mosque in Turkey.
- **location**: Edirne, Turkey
- **religious affiliation**: Sunni Islam
- **architect**: Mimar Sinan
- **architecture type**: Mosque
- **architecture style**: Ottoman architecture
- **groundbreaking**: 1568
- **year completed**: 1574
- **minaret quantity**: 4
- **materials**: cut stone, marble
- **designation1**: WHS
- **designation1 offname**: Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex
- **designation1 date**: 2011 <small>(World Heritage Committee#Sessions, 35th session)</small>
- **designation1 number**: [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1366 1366]
- **designation1 criteria**: i, iv
- **designation1 type**: Cultural
- **designation1 free1name**: State Party
- **designation1 free2name**: Region
- **designation1 free2value**: Lists of World Heritage Sites in Europe, Europe and North America
Rebecca Soler

**Rebecca Soler** is an American voice actress who dubbed cartoons and anime for 4Kids Entertainment, Fox, Nickelodeon, Central Park Media and DuArt Film and Video. She grew up in Boston, MA and move it to Sugar Land, Texas. She is sometimes credited under the name "Jessica Paquet".

### Animation

- Chaotic - Sarah
- Huntik - Sophie Casterwill
- Viva Pinata - Ella Elephanilla and Simone Cinnamonkey
- Winx Club
    - Tecna (Season 3) (4Kids dub)
    - Stella (Season 7) (DuArt Dub)

### Anime

- Magical DoRemi - Reanne Griffith
- Outlanders - Battia (CPM dub)
- Yu-Gi-Oh! Zexal - Hart Tenjo & Kari Tsukumo

## Source

- Resume

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rebecca Soler
- **other names**: Jessica Paquet
Fenethylline

**Fenethylline**, the generic name of **Captagon**, was first produced in the 1960s to treat hyperactivity, narcolepsy, and depression. It was banned in most countries by the 1980s for being too addictive.

It remains popular in the Middle East and is used as a stimulant in the area to aid in combat.

The drug is cheap and simple to produce, using ingredients that are easy and often legal to obtain, yet sells for up to $20 a tablet. A Lebanese psychiatrist, Ramzi Haddad, said that Captagon had "the typical effects of a stimulant", producing "a kind of euphoria. You're talkative, you don't sleep, you don't eat, you're energetic."
Constitutionality

**Constitutionality** refers to the agreement with a nations constitution, especially a law. When a law violates a constitution, it is **unconstitutional**. Most constitutional issues in the United States involve the Bill of Rights. These are the first 10 amendments to the US constitution. Something that is unconstitutional refers to an action by a government that violates that government's authority. Most constitutions establish the powers that a government may have. Only a government action can violate a state or federal constitution. An example is the US Constitution that guarantees that the United States may not have an official religion. This is why holiday decorations at a city hall displaying only Christian images would be unconstitutional.
Atlanta, Indiana

**Atlanta** is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 712.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Atlanta, Indiana
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Downtown Atlanta Indiana.jpg
- **image map**: File:Hamilton County Indiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Atlanta Highlighted 1802602.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Atlanta in Hamilton County, Indiana.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Indiana
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Indiana, County
- **subdivision name2**: Hamilton County, Indiana, Hamilton
- **subdivision type3**: List of townships in Indiana, Township
- **subdivision name3**: Jackson Township, Hamilton County, Indiana, Jackson
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 712
- **population density sq mi**: 2274.76
- **population density km2**: 877.12
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **area land km2**: 0.81
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 0.81
- **area total sq mi**: 0.31
- **area land sq mi**: 0.31
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 860
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 46031
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **area code**: Area code 765, 765
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS ID
- **blank1 info**: 2397443
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Gunnar Hansen

**Gunnar Hansen** (March 4, 1947 – November 7, 2015) was an Icelandic-American actor and author. He was best known for playing the mentally-ill cannibal Leatherface in _The Texas Chain Saw Massacre_ (1974).

Hansen was born in Reykjavík, Iceland. He was raised in Maine and in Austin, Texas. He studied at the University of Texas at Austin. Hansen died of pancreatic cancer on November 7, 2015 at the age of 68.

## Other websites

- Gunnar Hansen official web site

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Gunnar Hansen photographed by Ryota Nakanishi (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Hansen at Days of the Dead in Indianapolis, Indiana, 2012
- **birth place**: Reykjavík, Iceland
- **death place**: Northeast Harbor, Maine, U.S.
- **death cause**: Pancreatic cancer
- **alma mater**: University of Texas at Austin
- **years active**: 1973-2014
- **occupation**: Actor
José Ángel Espinoza

**José Ángel Espinoza Aragón** (October 2, 1919 – November 6, 2015), also known as ***Ferrusquilla***, was a Mexican singer-songwriter and movie actor. He was the father of actress Angélica Aragón. He also was a composer working with the SACM (Society of Authors and Composers of Mexico)  He was known for his roles in _House of Evil_ and in _Two Mules for Sister Sara_. He was born in Mazatlán, Sinaloa.

Espinoza died in Mexico City, Mexico from pneumonia, aged 96.
Hamilton County, Indiana

**Hamilton County** is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 347,467. The county seat is Noblesville.

## Cities

- Carmel
- Fishers
- Noblesville
- Westfield

## Towns

- Arcadia
- Atlanta
- Cicero
- Sheridan

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Hamilton County
- **state**: Indiana
- **founded**: 1823
- **seat wl**: Noblesville
- **largest city wl**: Carmel
- **area total sq mi**: 402.44
- **area land sq mi**: 394.27
- **area water sq mi**: 8.17
- **area percentage**: 2.03%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 347467
- **density sq mi**: 690
- **density km2**: 266
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **web**: www.hamiltoncounty.in.gov
- **named for**: Alexander Hamilton
- **ex image**: Noblesville-indiana-county-seat.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Hamilton County courthouse in Noblesville, Indiana
- **district**: 5th
- **footnotes**:  
* Indiana county number 29
* Fastest-growing county in the state
* Most affluent county in the state
PSA Flight 182

**Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) Flight 182** was a Boeing 727-214 commercial airliner, registration,  that crashed with a private Cessna 172 light aircraft over San Diego, California on September 25, 1978.

It was Pacific Southwest Airlines' first fatal accident. The death toll of 144 makes it the deadliest aircraft disaster in California history. Until the crash of American Airlines Flight 191, it was also the deadliest plane crash in U.S. aviation history.

Both aircraft crashed into North Park, a San Diego neighborhood, killing all 137 people on both aircraft and seven people on the ground in houses, including two children. Nine others on the ground were injured and 22 homes were destroyed or damaged by the impact and the spreading of debris.

The Boeing 727 flew in on top of and behind the Cessna, unbeknownst to the Cessna pilots. The larger 727's right wing flaps and left main landing gear collided with the Cessna, which immediately exploded and fell to the ground below in flames. The burning PSA continued on for another few kilometeres before crashing in a residential area with high vertical speed and exploding, killing everyone on board instantly.

## Other websites

- Article about Flight 182  on PSA History Page
- PSA Flight 182 & 1771 Memorial Page  at The PSA History Museum
- San Diego magazine 20th anniversary article about the PSA Disaster - Archived copy from www.archive.org
- "Death Over San Diego", Time Magazine, October 9, 1978
- TV Channel 10 (in San Diego) 25th Anniversary article with eyewitness accounts
Harrisville, New Hampshire

**Harrisville** is a town in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. The population of the town was 984 at the 2020 census. It was founded in 1870.
Gerhard Sommer

**Gerhard Sommer** (24 June 1921 – 2019) was a SS-_Untersturmführer_ (Second Lieutenant) in the 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division _Reichsführer-SS_. He was involved in the massacre of 560 civilians on 12 August 1944 in the Italian village of Sant'Anna di Stazzema. He is on the Simon Wiesenthal Center's list of most wanted Nazi war criminals.

As of May 2006 Sommer was living in a nursing home in Hamburg-Volksdorf, Germany. In May 2015 Sommer was declared unfit for trial by prosecutors in Germany In  He died in 2019.

## Other websites

- „Die NS-Mörder sind noch unter uns. SS-Kriegsverbrecher Gerhard Sommer lebt bis heute unbehelligt in Hamburg.“
- Rechtspolitische Initiative zum Fall Gerhard Sommer aus dem Forschungsansatz „Systemkritik: Deutsche Justizverbrechen“
- Das Massaker von Sant’Anna di Stazzema am 12. August 1944 - Materialiensammlung 1 für eine bundesweite Kampagne zur Anklageerhebung in Deutschland

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Gerhard Sommer
- **birth place**: Hamburg, Weimar Republic
- **death place**: Hamburg, Germany
- **branch**: Hitler Youth, Hitlerjugend (Deutsches Jungvolk, Deutsche Jungvolk)
Schutzstaffel (SS)
- **rank**: _Jungzugführer_ (in Hitler Youth)
_Untersturmführer_ (Second Lieutenant, in SS)
- **unit**: 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler, 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS _Adolf Hitler_
 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division Reichsführer-SS, 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division _Reichsführer-SS_
- **battles**: World War II
Tom Graveney

**Thomas William "Tom" Graveney** OBE (16 June 1927 – 3 November 2015) was a leading English cricketer. He represented his country in 79 Test matches and scoring over 4,800 runs. In a career lasting from 1948 to 1972, he was the 15th person to score one hundred first-class centuries, and the first post-war player to do so.

## Early life

Graveney was born in Riding Mill, Hexham, Northumberland on 16 June 1927. His brother was Ken Graveney, also a cricketer. Graveney studied at the Bristol Grammar School.

## Career

He played for Gloucestershire and Worcestershire, and helped Worcestershire win the county championship for the first time in their history. His achievements for England after being recalled in 1966 have been described as "the stuff of legend." Graveney was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1953, captained England on one occasion and was awarded the OBE while still playing.

In later life he worked as a cricket commentator for BBC Television and was the first former professional to be President of the Marylebone Cricket Club.  He was one of the first 55 players inducted to the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame in 2009.

## Personal life

Graveney was married to Jackie Graveney from 1952 until her death of Alzheimer's disease in 2013. Graveney's brother, Ken, died on 25 October 2015. A week after his brother's death, Graveney died on 3 November 2015 from Parkinson's disease at the age of 88.

## Other websites

- ESPN Cricket biography
- Cricket Archive biography
NoSQL

A very common programming language for accessing a database is called SQL. Many of these databases use the mathematical concept of relations to store the data. **NoSQL** is a term for databases that do not use relations, to store the data in the database. Relational databases have the benefit of being able to guarantee that all the data stored in the database is consistent. The drawback of this is that the cost of indexing the data grows with the amount of data.

NoSQL approaches do not give strong guarantees about consistency, but they are able to better handle the situations where relational database systems have problems coping.

NoSQL is a non-relational DBMS, that does not require a fixed schema, avoid joins, and is easy to scale.

The purpose of using a NoSQL database is for distributed data stores with humongous data storage needs.

NoSQL is used for Big data and real-time web apps. For example, companies like twitter, Facebook, google collect terabytes of user data every single day.

NoSQL DBs could be grouped as follows, but these are archetypes rather than strict boundaries :

- Wide Column Stores, like Cassandra.
- Key Value Stores, like Redis.
- Document DBs, like CouchDB.
- Graph DBs, like Neo4j.
Rhea Chiles

**Rhea Chiles** (December 1, 1930 – November 8, 2015) was an American philanthropist and writer. She was the former First Lady of the State of Florida serving from 1991 to 1998. She was married to the late Governor Lawton Chiles.

In 1998, Chiles founded The Lawton Chiles Foundation, which carries on the commitment of her husband to benefit the lives of children in Florida. In 2009, Chiles was designated a Distinguished Floridian by the Florida Economics Club at an event hosted by former Florida Supreme Court Justice Major B. Harding and keynoted by former United States Senator Sam Nunn.

Chiles died from a long-illness at her home in Anna Maria Islands, Florida at the age of 84.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rhea Chiles
- **image size**: 150px
- **office**: First Lady of Florida
- **term start**: January 8, 1991
- **term end**: December 12, 1998
- **predecessor**: Mary Jane Martinez
- **successor**: Anne Selph MacKay
- **governor**: Lawton Chiles
- **birth place**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Anna Maria Island, Florida, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **alma mater**: University of Florida
- **spouse**: (his death)
- **children**: Tandy Chiles Barrett; Ed; Lawton Chiles, III ("Bud"); Rhea Gay
Charles Duncan Michener

**Charles Duncan Michener** (September 22, 1918 – November 1, 2015) was an American entomologist. He was born in Pasadena, California. He was a leading expert on bees, his _magnum opus_ being _The Bees of the World_.

## His books

- Michener, C. D. (1974). _The Social Behavior of the Bees_. Harvard University Press. 404 pp.
- Michener, C. D. (2000). _The Bees of the World_. Johns Hopkins University Press. 913 pp.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **image**: CharlesDMichener7June2015.jpg
- **caption**: Charles D. Michener at home, 2015
- **birth place**: Pasadena, California, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.
- **nationality**:  American
- **citizenship**: United States
- **fields**: entomology
- **workplaces**: University of Kansas
- **alma mater**: University of California, Berkeley
- **doctoral advisor**: Edward Oliver Essig
- **doctoral students**: Paul R. Ehrlich
- **thesis title**: Comparative External Morphology, Phylogeny, and a Classification of the Bees
- **thesis year**: 1942
Maduluwawe Sobitha Thero

**Maduluwawe Sobitha Thero** (; 29 May 1942 –  8 November 2015) was a Sinhalese Buddhist Bikku. He was a well-known socialist and social justice activist. He was a Buddhist style non-violent revolutionary and he led campaigns that toppled the Sri-Lankan government on several occasions. He was the chief monk of the Kotte Naga Vihara. He played a key role to bring a new government in 2015 defeating Mahinda Rajapaksa, where he supported a common candidate Maithripala Sirisena for presidency, and Ranil Wickremesinghe to form a new government.

Ven Sobitha died at the age of 73 on 8 November 2015 from multiple organ failure at the Mount Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore.
Skandagupta

**Skandagupta** () (died 470) was a Gupta Emperor of northern India. It is unsure about who were the ancestors of the Gupta Empire. He faced some of the greatest challenges in the annals of the empire having to contend with the Pushyamitras and the Hunas (a name by which the "White Huns" were known in India). He died in 467. He ascended the throne as successor of kumaragupta in 455 AD.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **battles**: *Pushyamitras Invasion
*Third Gupta Interregnum
*Battle of the Indus River
*Skandagupta's war with the invaders
*Gupta–Hunnic Wars
- **office**: List of Gupta emperors, Gupta Emperor
- **successor**: Purugupta
- **predecessor**: Kumaragupta I
- **serviceyears**: 455-467 CE
- **birth date**: 430
- **death date**: 470
- **parents**: Kumaragupta
- **honorific prefix**: Vikramaditya
- **image**: File:Skandagupta Circa 455-480 CE.jpg
- **caption**: Gold coin of Skandagupta, depicting himself on the obverse, Lakshmi on the reverse. The name  Skan-da appears vertically under the left arm of the emperor.
Piotr Domaradzki

**Piotr Krystian Domaradzki** (June 21, 1946 – November 4, 2015) was a Polish-American journalist, essayist and historian. He had a longtime association with Chicago's Polish community. He worked for 30 years at _Dziennik Związkowy_ (_Alliance Daily_), the oldest and largest Polish language newspaper in the United States. From October 2009 to March 2013, he served as the paper's editor-in-chief. He emigrated from Poland in 1984 and became a U.S. citizen in 1996.

Domaradzki died in Chicago, Illinois from complications following injuries sustained in a house fire, aged 69.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Piotr Domaradzki
- **image**: W AGKafe.jpg
- **caption**: Domaradzki in 2006
- **birth name**: Piotr Krystian Domaradzki
- **birth place**: Strzelce Opolskie, Poland
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **nationality**: Polish American
- **other names**: Peter K. Domaradzki
- **alma mater**: University of Gdańsk
- **occupation**: Journalist
Axes

**Axes** can refer to:

- The plural of _axe,_ an ancient tool.
- The x-axis and y-axis of the Cartesian coordinate system.
John Speraw

**John Speraw** is an American volleyball coach. He is the head coach of the United States men's national volleyball team and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He was the former coach of the University of California, Irvine volleyball program. There he led the team to three national titles in six years. Speraw graduated from UCLA in 1995 with a B.S. degree in microbiology and molecular genetics.
The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie

***The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie*** is the 1962 debut album by Stevie Wonder (then known as "**Little** Stevie Wonder") on the Tamla (a label owned by Motown) label. Wonder was eleven years old when it was released. It was also the first album Wonder released in 1962, the second was _Tribute to Uncle Ray_.

## Background

This is Wonder's only studio album in which he does not sing; he plays on percussion, the keyboard, and the harmonica.  Wonder's mentors Clarence Paul and Henry Cosby wrote and produced the songs on _The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie Wonder_, with Wonder also co-writing two of the songs on the album.

### Side one

1. "Fingertips" (Henry Cosby, Clarence Paul) – 3:00
1. "The Square" (Cosby, Paul) – 3:03
1. "Soul Bongo" (Marvin Gaye, Paul) – 2:20
1. "Manhattan at Six" (Cosby, Paul) – 3:47
1. "Paulsby" (Cosby, Paul) – 2:47

### Side two

1. "Some Other Time" (Cosby, Paul) – 5:11
1. "Wondering" (Paul, Stevie Wonder) – 2:51
1. "Session Number 112" (Paul, Wonder) – 3:18
1. "Bam" (Berry Gordy, Jr.) – 3:34

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Stevie Wonder, Little Stevie Wonder
- **released**: September 1962
- **recorded**: 1961-62
- **length**: 29:51
- **label**: Motown, Tamla
- **chronology**: Stevie Wonder
- **next title**: Tribute to Uncle Ray
 (1962)
Tribute to Uncle Ray

***Tribute to Uncle Ray*** is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder (then known as "**Little** Stevie Wonder") . It was released in October 1962, not long after Wonder's debut album _The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie_, which was also released in 1962.

## Background

The album was released to match the success of Ray Charles who was also a blind African American R&B singer.

## Track listing

All songs composed by Ray Charles, except where indicated.

1. "Hallelujah I Love Her So"
1. "Ain't That Love"
1. "Don't You Know"
1. "The Masquerade" (Herbert Magidson, Allie Wrubel)
1. "Frankie & Johnny" (Traditional)
1. "Drown in My Own Tears" (Henry Glover)
1. "Come Back Baby"
1. "Mary Ann"
1. "Sunset" (Stevie Wonder, Clarence Paul)
1. "My Baby's Gone" (Berry Gordy, Jr.)

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Tribute to Uncle Ray
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Stevie Wonder, Little Stevie Wonder
- **released**: October 1962
- **recorded**: 1962
- **label**: Motown, Tamla
- **chronology**: Stevie Wonder
- **prev title**: The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie
(1962)
- **next title**: Recorded Live: The 12 Year Old Genius
(1963)
Davidson County, Tennessee

**Davidson County** is a county located in middle Tennessee. The state capitol, Nashville, is in Davidson County and is the county seat. As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 715,884 people.
Recorded Live: The 12 Year Old Genius

***Recorded Live: The 12 Year Old Genius*** is the first live album by Stevie Wonder (then known as "Little Stevie Wonder") . The album was released on the Tamla record label on May 31, 1963. It was also the first album that Wonder released in 1963, the second was _With a Song in My Heart_.

## Track listing

1. "Fingertips" (Henry Cosby, Clarence Paul) – 6:40
1. "Soul Bongo" (Marvin Gaye, Paul) – 3:01
1. "La La La La La" (Paul) – 2:34
1. "(I'm Afraid) The Masquerade Is Over" (Herbert Magidson, Allie Wrubel) – 5:13
1. "Hallelujah I Love Her So" (Ray Charles) – 2:48
1. "Drown in My Own Tears" (Henry Glover) – 3:23
1. "Don't You Know" (Charles, Berry Gordy) – 3:19

## Chart positions

|Year|Chart|Position|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1963|_Billboard_ Pop Albums (_Billboard_ 200)|1|

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Recorded Live: The 12 Year Old Genius
- **type**: live
- **artist**: Stevie Wonder, Little Stevie Wonder
- **recorded**: June 1962 at Regal Theater, Chicago
- **label**: Motown, Tamla
- **producer**: Berry Gordy
- **chronology**: Stevie Wonder
- **prev title**: Tribute to Uncle Ray
 (1962)
- **next title**: With a Song in My Heart (Stevie Wonder album), With a Song in My Heart
 (1963)
With a Song in My Heart (Stevie Wonder album)

***With a Song In My Heart*** is Stevie Wonder's third album, released in 1963 on the Tamla label. The album was the first album of Wonder's not to be released as "**Little** Stevie Wonder" because he was getting older and taller. It was also the second album of Wonder's to be released in 1963.

## Track listing

1. "With a Song in My Heart" (Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers) – 3:11
1. "When You Wish Upon a Star" (Ned Washington, Leigh Harline) – 2:59
1. "Smile" (Charlie Chaplin, Geoffrey Parsons, John Turner) – 3:20
1. "Make Someone Happy" (Betty Comden, Adolph Green, Jule Styne) – 5:04
1. "Dream" (Johnny Mercer) – 2:50
1. "Put on a Happy Face" (Charles Strouse, Lee Adams) – 2:37
1. "On the Sunny Side of the Street" (Dorothy Fields, Jimmy McHugh) – 3:58
1. "Get Happy" (Harold Arlen, Ted Koehler) – 2:12
1. "Give Your Heart a Chance" (Ron Miller, Orlando Murden, O'Neil) – 2:16
1. "Without a Song" (Edward Eliscu, Billy Rose, Vincent Youmans) – 4:14

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: With a Song In My Heart
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Stevie Wonder
- **released**: December 28, 1963
- **recorded**: 1963 at Hitsville USA (vocals); Los Angeles (instrumentation)
- **genre**: Soul music, Soul, jazz
- **label**: Motown, Tamla
- **length**: 32:41
- **producer**: Clarence Paul, William "Mickey" Stevenson
- **prev title**: Recorded Live: The 12 Year Old Genius
(1963)
- **next title**: Stevie at the Beach
(1964)
McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II

The **McDonnell Douglas** (now **Boeing**) **AV-8B Harrier II** is a single-engine ground-attack aircraft. It is the second generation of the Harrier Jump Jet family. It is capable of vertical or short takeoff and landing (V/STOL). The aircraft was designed in the late 1970s as an Anglo-American development of the British Hawker Siddeley Harrier, the first operational V/STOL aircraft. It can hover like a helicopter but can also fly like a jet at near supersonic speeds. It is named after a bird of prey of the same name. It is primarily used on light attack or multi-role missions. These range from close air support of ground troops to armed reconnaissance. The AV-8B is used by the United States Marine Corps (USMC), the Spanish Navy, and the Italian Navy. A variant of the AV-8B, the British Aerospace Harrier II, was developed for the British military. Another is the TAV-8B, is a dedicated two-seat trainer.

The project that eventually led to the AV-8B's creation started in the early 1970s. It was a cooperative effort between the United States and United Kingdom (UK). it was aimed at working on solving the problems of the first-generation Harrier. Early efforts centered on a larger, more powerful Pegasus engine to improve the Harrier's performance. The UK dropped out of the project in 1975.

Following the withdrawal of the UK, McDonnell Douglas extensively redesigned the earlier AV-8A Harrier to create the AV-8B. While retaining the general layout of its predecessor, the aircraft uses a new wing, an elevated cockpit, a redesigned fuselage, one extra hardpoint per wing, and other structural and aerodynamic changes. The aircraft is powered by an upgraded version of the Pegasus, which gives the aircraft its V/STOL ability. The AV-8B made its maiden flight in November 1981 and entered service with the USMC in January 1985. Later upgrades added a night-attack capability and radar. This resulted in the AV-8B(NA) and AV-8B Harrier II Plus, respectively. An enlarged version named Harrier III was also studied, but was not built. The UK, through British Aerospace, re-joined the improved Harrier project as a partner in 1981. After corporate mergers in the 1990s, Boeing and BAE Systems have jointly supported the program. Approximately 340 aircraft were produced in a 22-year production program that ended in 2003.
Pevensey

**Pevensey** is a village and civil parish in the Wealden district of East Sussex, England. The main village is located 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Eastbourne, one mile (1.6 km) inland from Pevensey Bay.  The settlement of  **Pevensey Bay** forms part of the parish. It was here that William the Conqueror first landed on and invaded England in 1066 after crossing the English Channel from Normandy, France.

## Name

The name _Pevensey_ was first recorded in 947 as _Pefenesea_, meaning "River of [a man named] Pefen". It comes from the Anglo-Saxon personal name _Pefen_ plus _eã_, meaning "river". This is probably a reference to the now largely silted-up marshes.

## History

In the 290s the Romans built a fort at Pevensey, which they named Anderitum. In 471 Saxons attacked Pevensey and the fort was abandoned for centuries. When William the Conqueror invaded England in September 1066, he landed at Pevensey. The bay provided a safe haven for his fleet of 700 ships. The English army had been awaiting Duke William's arrival on the south coast all summer. With supplies running short King Harold allowed his soldiers to return home. When Harald Hardrada the king of Norway invaded northern England in late September, King Harold gathered his army and moved north to York, 250 miles away, to meet the invaders. William, meanwhile, moved his army and fleet to Hastings and built a castle while he awaited Harold and his army.

After the Battle of Hastings the Roman fort at Pevensey was occupied by the Normans. It was given to Robert, Count of Mortain (William's half brother). Robert de Mortain built his castle there. The castle was besieged several times during the 11th–13th centuries. Queen Elizabeth I ordered that it be demolished but the order was ignored. As late as 1942 small additions were made to the castle for the defence of Britain. It became a lookout over the channel for German aircraft during World War II. Today the castle is in the upkeep of English Heritage.
Deem Bristow

**Deem Bristow** (April 11, 1947 - January 15, 2005) was an American actor. He has voiced many characters across animated series and video games, and was best known for his role as Dr. Eggman in the Sonic the Hedgehog video game series from 1998 to 2004.

## Death

Bristow died on January 15, 2005 from heart failure in San Diego, California at the age of 57.

### Movies

- _Freeway_ - TV interviewer
- _Glitch!_ - Newscaster
- _I Am Joe's Ear_ - Joe
- _Problem Child_ - Additional voices
- _Terminal Exposure_ - Anchorman

### Television

- _Paranoia Agent_ - Masami Hirukawa
- _Rumic Theater: Mermaid Forest_ - Flower Shop Owner, Manager Hosoda
- _R.O.D the TV_ - Old Man, Chief Researcher
- _Quantum Leap_ - King
- _Spirit of Wonder: China-san no yûutsu_ - Breckenridge
- _Texhnolyze_ - The Sage Of Gabe

### Video games

- _Angel Devoid: Face of the Enemy_ - Dr. Silvanus, Rev. Gold
- _Blue Stinger_ - Dogs Bower
- _Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth_ - Jack's Father, Cult Member, Cutter Urania Navigation Officer
- _D2_ - Additional voices
- _Dark Seed_ - Additional voices
- _Diablo II_ - Meshif
- _Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas_ - Kenny Sinclair
- _Dungeon Lords_ - Galdryn, Lord Graemare, Urcula
- _High Seize_ - Black Barlow, Crimson Bob, Ezekiel Wiggins
- _Sonic Advance 3_ - Dr. Eggman
- _Sonic Adventure_ - Dr. Eggman
- _Sonic Adventure 2_ - Dr. Eggman
- _Sonic Battle_ - Dr. Eggman
- _Sonic Heroes_ - Dr. Eggman
- _Sonic Riders_ - Dr. Eggman (archive footage)
- _Sonic Shuffle_ - Dr. Eggman

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Deem Bristow
- **birth name**: Deem Reginald Bristow
- **birth place**: Eaton, Ohio, U.S.
- **death place**: San Diego, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Heart Attack
- **resting place**: El Camino Memorial Park
- **occupation**: Actor, voice actor
- **years active**: 1986–2005
- **other names**: Reg Green
- **notable works**: _Sonic the Hedgehog series, Sonic the Hedgehog_
as **Doctor Eggman**
Vladimir Alekno

**Vladimir Romanovich Alekno**; (born in Polotsk on 4 December 1966) is a former Russian volleyball player and current volleyball coach. He coaches the Russia men's national volleyball team. He also leads a professional team in Kazan, Russia.

Alekno coached the national volleyball team in 2007-2008 and 2011-2012. Under his leadership, the Russian players won the gold medal in 2012 and the bronze medal in 2008 in the Summer Olympic Games. As well, they won the World League and the World Cup both in 2011.
Daniel Castellani

**Daniel Jorge Castellani** (born 21 March 1961) is a former Argentine volleyball player and coach, a member of Argentina men's national volleyball team in 1976-1988, bronze medalist of the Olympic Games Seoul 1988, a participant of the Olympic Games Los Angeles 1984, head coach of Sir Safety Perugia.
Raúl Lozano

**Raúl Lucio Lozano** (born September 3, 1956 in La Plata, Argentina) is a former Argentine volleyball player. He first coached for Estudiantes de La Plata. In 2005-2008 Lozano was the head coach of Poland's national volleyball team.  He has also coached other top-level teams in Europe including teams from Italy, Greece, and Spain. He led the Polish national team to win a silver medal at the 2006 World championship held in Japan. His Polish team lost to Italy in the quarter final round of the 2008 Summer Olympics at Beijing. In 2009 he coached the German team for two years. He was then the head coach of Czarni Radom in Poland. He serves as head coach for the Ukraine national team.

On November 17, 2015, it was announced that Raúl Lucio will coach the Iranian national volleyball team.  He replaced Slobodan Kovac who is the former coach of the Iranian team.
Jackie Evancho

**Jacqueline Marie** "**Jackie**" **Evancho** ( ; born April 9, 2000) is an American classical crossover singer. Evancho plays piano, flute, and is also a songwriter. She gained wide recognition at an early age. Since 2009, Evancho has released an EP and five studio albums. She has one platinum and one gold album. Evancho has even performed at Carnegie Hall.

Between 2008 and 2010, Evancho entered several talent competitions. She made singing appearances, mostly in Pennsylvania. She also attracted interest on YouTube. In 2010, at age ten, she gained wider popularity with her performances in the fifth season of the _America's Got Talent_ competition. She finished in second place behind Michael Grimm. Evancho starred in the 2012 movie "The Company You Keep" with Robert Redford.
Bowerhill

**Bowerhill** is a suburb of Melksham, Wiltshire, England. It is located to the south of the town. There is a small primary school, a Tesco store and a sports centre in the village. During World War II, Bowerhill was home of a major Royal Air Force Station, RAF Melksham.