juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Power Rangers Turbo

***Power Rangers Turbo*** is a TV show that started in 1997 it is a sequel to Power Rangers Zeo. A sequel called Power Rangers In Space started in 1998. This season the Rangers have powers based on cars. One new Ranger, Justin, joins the team, replacing Rocky. Justin is the first Ranger to be a child. Halfway through the season, the four other Rangers all leave, and four new Rangers join the team. Many other characters also leave during this season.

The Power Rangers fight an evil pirate called Divatox and her helpers Rygog, Elgar and Porto. The Rangers have new helpers called Dimitria, Alpha 6, Blue Senturion and the Phantom Ranger. The Rangers' friends Bulk and Skull are accidentally turned into chimps for several weeks, but their old boss Lt. Stone looks after them.

## Cast

**Rangers**

- Catherine Sutherland as Kat Hillard, the first Pink Turbo Ranger
- Nakia Burrise as Tanya Sloan, the first Yellow Turbo Ranger
- Johnny Yong Bosch as Adam Park, the first Green Turbo Ranger
- Blake Foster as Justin Stewart, the Blue Turbo Ranger
- Jason David Frank as Tommy Oliver, the first Red Turbo Ranger
- Patricia Ja Lee as Cassie Chan, the second Pink Turbo Ranger
- Tracy Lynn Cruz as Ashley Hammond, the second Yellow Turbo Ranger
- Roger Velasco as Carlos Vallerte, the second Green Turbo Ranger
- Selwyn Ward as Theodore J. Jarvis "TJ" Johnson, the second Red Turbo Ranger

**Supporting characters**

- Paul Schrier as Farkas as Farkas "Bulk" Bulkmeier, friend of the Rangers
- Jason Narvy as Eugene "Skull" Skullovitch, friend of the Rangers
- Gregg Bullock as Jerome "Lieutenant" Stone, owner of the Juice Bar
- Carol Hoyt as Dimitria & Divatox (first half of season)
- Hilary Shepard Turner as Divatox (second half of season)
- Catherine Battistone as Alpha 6 (voice)
- Danny Wayne Stallcup as Elgar (voice)

**Villains**

- Lex Lang as Rygog (voice)
- Scott Page-Pagter as Porto (voice)
- David Walsh as Blue Senturion (voice)
- Alex Dodd as Phantom Ranger (voice)

## Other websites

- "Turbo: A Power Rangers Movie at _Fox Kids_ (Archive)

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 30 minutes
- **creator**: Haim Saban
Shuki Levy
- **executive producer**: Haim Saban
Shuki Levy
- **producer**: Jonathan Tzachor
- **starring**: Johnny Yong Bosch
Nakia Burrise
Blake Foster
Jason David Frank
Catherine Sutherland
Carol Hoyt
Jason Narvy
Paul Schrier
Gregg Bullock
Hilary Shepard, Hilary Shepard Turner
Tracy Lynn Cruz
Patricia Ja Lee
Roger Velasco
Selwyn Ward
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **company**: Saban Entertainment
Renaissance Atlantic Entertainment
Toei Company, Ltd.
MMPR Productions, Inc.
- **network**: Fox Broadcasting Company, FOX (Fox Kids)
- **num episodes**: 45
- **list episodes**: List of Power Rangers Turbo episodes
Power Rangers In Space

***Power Rangers in Space*** is a TV show _Power Rangers_ started in 1998. It is based on the Super Sentai series _Denji Sentai Megaranger_. It is the sequel to _Power Rangers Turbo_. A sequel called to _Power Rangers Lost Galaxy_ started in 1999.

## Plot

The Turbo Rangers head for space and meet Andros. He brings them the Astro Morphers and they become the space Power Rangers. They battle the evil Astronema and her monsters.

## Characters

|Actor|Name|Rangers|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Christopher Khayman Lee|Andros|Red Space Ranger|
|Roger Velasco|Carlos Vallerte|Black Space Ranger|
|Selwyn Ward|Theodore "TJ" Johnson|Blue Space Ranger|
|Tracy Lynn Cruz|Ashley Hammond|Yellow Space Ranger|
|Patricia Ja Lee|Cassie Chan|Pink Space Ranger|
|Justin Nimmo|Zhane|Silver Space Ranger|

### Rangers

- Christopher Khayman Lee as Androd, the Red Space Ranger.
- Roger Velasco as Carlos Vallerte, the Black Space Ranger.
- Selwyn Ward as Theodore "TJ" Johnson, the Blue Space Ranger.
- Tracy Lynn Cruz as Ashley Hammond, the Yellow Space Ranger.
- Patricia Ja Lee as Cassie Chan, the Pink Space Ranger.
- Justin Nimmo as Zhane, the Silver Space Ranger.

### Supporting characters

- Paul Schrier as Farkas "Bulk" Bulkmeier.
- Jason Narvy as Eugene "Skull" Skullovitch.
- Jack Banning as Professor Phenomenus.
- Melody Perkins as Karone/Astronema.
- Blake Foster as Justin Stewart, the Blue Turbo Ranger.
- Johnny Yong Bosch as Adam Park, the second Mighty Morphin Black Ranger.

#### Weapons

- Astro Morpher
- Digimorpher
- Battlizer Gauntlet:
    - 1. Energy Punches / Chops
    - 2. Laser Blast
    - 3. Battlizer Armor
- Astro Blaster
- Spiral Saber: is the Red Space Ranger.
- Quadro Blaster: is the Black Space Ranger, Blue, Yellow & Pink.
    - Astro Axe: is the Black Space Ranger.
    - Lunar Lance: is the Blue Space Ranger.
    - Star Slinger: is the Yellow Space Ranger.
    - Satellite Stunner: is the Pink Space Ranger.
- Super Silverizer: is the Silver Space Ranger.
- Galaxy Glider
- Silver Cycle: is the Silver Space Ranger.
- Megatank
- Galactic Rover

### Zords

- Astro Delta Megazord
    - Astro Megazord
        - Astro Megaship
        - Astro Megashuttle
    - Delta Megaship / Megazord
- Winged Mega Voyager
    - Mega Voyager
        - Mega V1 (_Robo Voyager_)
        - Mega V2 (_Shuttle Voyager_)
        - Mega V3 (_Rocket Voyager_)
        - Mega V4 (_Saucer Voyager_)
        - Mega V5 (_Tank Voyager_)
    - Mega Winger

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 20 minutes
- **creator**: Haim Saban
Shuki Levy
- **executive producer**: Haim Saban
Shuki Levy
- **producer**: Jonathan Tzachor
- **starring**: Tracy Lynn Cruz
Patricia Ja Lee
Christopher Khayman Lee
Justin Nimmo
Roger Velasco
Selwyn Ward
Melody Perkins
Paul Schrier
Jason Narvy
- **country**: United States
- **company**: Saban Entertainment
Renaissance Atlantic Entertainment
Toei Company, Ltd.
MMPR Productions, Inc.
- **network**: Fox Broadcasting Company, FOX (Fox Kids)
- **num episodes**: 45
Power Rangers Lost Galaxy

***Power Rangers Lost Galaxy*** is a TV show _Power Rangers_ started in 1999. It is based on the Super Sentai series _Seijuu Sentai Gingaman_. It is the sequel to _Power Rangers In Space_. A sequel to called _Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue_ started in 2000.

## Plot

A group of youngsters set out on a space journey to Terra Venture in search of a new colony to live. Soon, empowered by mystical swords, they prepare themselves to fight evil space villains.

## Characters

|Actor|Name|Rangers|Zord|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Danny Slavin|Leo Corbett|Galaxy Red Ranger|Red Lion Zord|||
|Reggie Rolle|Damon Henderson|Galaxy Green Ranger|Green Condor Zord|||
|Archie Kao|Kai Chen|Galaxy Blue Ranger|Blue Gorilla Zord|||
|Cerina Vincent|Maya|Galaxy Yellow Ranger|Yellow Wolf Zord|||
|Valerie Vernon|Kendrix Morgan|rowspan="2"|Galaxy Pink Ranger|rowspan="2"|Pink Wildcat Zord|
|Melody Perkins|Karone|||||
|Russell Lawrence|Mike Corbett|Manga Defender|Torozord / Bull Zord|||

### Rangers

- Danny Slavin as Leo Corbett, the Red Galaxy Ranger.
- Archie Kao as Kai Chen, the Blue Galaxy Ranger.
- Reggie Rolle as Damon Henderson, the Green Galaxy Ranger.
- Cerina Vincent as Maya, the Yellow Galaxy Ranger.
- Valerie Vernon as Kendrix Morgan, the first Pink Galaxy Ranger.
- Melody Perkins as Karone, the second Pink Galaxy Ranger.
- Russell Lawrence as Mike Corbett. the second Magna Defender.

### Supporting characters

- Paul Schrier as Farkas "Bulk" Bulkmeier.
- Jack Banning as Professor Phenomenus.
- **Space Rangers**
    - Christopher Khayman Lee as Andros, the Red Space Ranger.
    - Roger Velasco as Carlos Vallerte, the Black Space Ranger.
    - Selwyn Ward as Theodore TJ Johnson, the Blue Space Ranger.
    - Tracy Lynn Cruz as Ashley Hammond, the Yellow Space Ranger.
    - Patricia Ja Lee as Cassie Chan, the Pink Space Ranger.

### Villains

- Amy Miller as Trakeena
- Kim Strauss as the voice of Scorpius
- Tom Wyner as the voice of Furio
- Derek Stephen Prince as the voice of Treacheron
- Bob Papenbrook as the voice of Deviot
- David Lodge as the voice of Villamax
- Richard Cansino as the voice of Kegler
- Mike Reynolds as the voice of Captain Mutiny
- Richard Epcar as the voice of Barbarax
- Rajia Baroudi as the voice of Hexuba

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 20 minutes
- **creator**: Haim Saban
Shuki Levy
- **executive producer**: Haim Saban
Shuki Levy
- **producer**: Jonathan Tzachor
- **starring**: Archie Kao
Reggie Rolle
Danny Slavin
Valerie Vernon
Cerina Vincent
Russell Lawrence
Melody Perkins
Paul Schrier
- **country**: United States
- **company**: Saban Entertainment
Renaissance Atlantic Entertainment
Toei Company, Ltd.
MMPR Productions, Inc.
- **network**: Fox Broadcasting Company, FOX (Fox Kids)
- **num episodes**: 45
Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue

***Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue***  is a TV show _Power Rangers_ started in 2000. It is based on the Super Sentai series _Kyuukyuu Sentai GoGoFive_. It is the sequel to _Power Rangers Lost Galaxy_. A sequel to called _Power Rangers Time Force_ started in 2001.

## Plot

Demons awaken. Five teens become the Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue to fight the demons and get New Zords.

## Characters

|Actor|Name|Rangers|Zord|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Sean Cw Johnson|Carter Grayson|Red Lightspeed Ranger|Omegazord 1|
|Michael Chaturantabut|Chad Lee|Blue Lightspeed Ranger|Omegazord 2|
|Keith Robinson|Joel Rawlings|Green Lightspeed Ranger|Omegazord 3|
|Sasha Williams|Kelsey Winslow|Yellow Lightspeed Ranger|Omegazord 4|
|Alison Maclnnis|Dana Mitchell|Pink Lightspeed Ranger|Omegazord 5|
|Rhett Fisher|Ryan Mitchell|Titanium Ranger|Lifeforce Megazord|

### Rangers

- Sean Cw Johnson as Carter Grayson, the Red Lightspeed Ranger.
- Michael Chaturantabut as Chad Lee, the Blue Lightspeed Ranger.
- Keith Robinson as Joel Rawlins, the Green Lightspeed Ranger.
- Sasha Williams as Kelsey Winslow, the Yellow Lightspeed Ranger.
- Alison Maclnnis as Dana Mitchell, the Pink Lightspeed Ranger.
- Rhett Fisher as Ryan Mitchell, the Titanium Ranger.

### Supporting characters

- Monica Louwerens as Ms. Angela Fairweather.
- Ron Rogge as Captain William Mitchell.
- **Galaxy Rangers**
    - Danny Slavin as Leo Corbett, the Red Galaxy Ranger.
    - Archie Kao as Kai Chen, the Blue Galaxy Ranger.
    - Reggie Rolle as Damon Henderson, the Green Galaxy Ranger.
    - Cerina Vincent as Maya, the Yellow Galaxy Ranger.
    - Valerie Vernon as Kendrix Morgan, the Pink Galaxy Ranger.

### Villain

- Jennifer L. Yen as Vypra.

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 20 minutes
- **creator**: Haim Saban
Shuki Levy
- **executive producer**: Haim Saban
Shuki Levy
- **producer**: Jonathan Tzachor
- **starring**: Michael Chaturantabut
Rhett Fisher
Sean Cw Johnson
Alison Maclnnis
Keith Robinson
Sasha Williams
Monica Louwerens
Ron Rogge
Jennifer L. Yen
- **country**: United States
- **company**: Saban Entertainment
Renaissance Atlantic Entertainment
Toei Company, Ltd.
MMPR Productions, Inc.
- **network**: Fox Broadcasting Company, FOX (Fox Kids)
- **num episodes**: 40
Humid subtropical climate

A **humid subtropical climate** is a type of climate. It has hot, humid summers and warm, mild or cool winters. In the Köppen climate classification, they are split into Cfa when there is no dry season and Cwa when there are dry winters. Unlike in a tropical climate, snow and frost can occur in a humid subtropical climate.

Examples are Atlanta, Brisbane, Buenos Aires, Durban, Milan, Shanghai, New Delhi, and Tokyo.
Power Rangers Time Force

***Power Rangers Time Force*** is a Canadian TV Children's show _Power Rangers_ that started in 2001. it aired from February 3 to November 17, 2001 Produced By Canada Based-Studio Nelvana Limited (Now Nelvana Enterprises) 40 episodes. It is based on the Super Sentai series _Mirai Sentai Timeranger_. It is the sequel to _Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue_. A sequel to called _Power Rangers Wild Force_ started in 2002.

## Plot

In the year 3000, four teens time travel to 2001 to defend the world against an evil being, a new member joins them and they become known as 'The Power Rangers Time Force'.

## Characters

|Actor|Name|Rangers|Zord|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Jason Faunt|Wesley "Wes" Collins|Time Force Red Ranger|Time Flyer 1|
|Michael Copon|Lucas Kendall|Time Force Blue Ranger|Time Flyer 2|
|Kevin Kleinberg|Trip Regis|Time Force Green Ranger|Time Flyer 3|
|Deborah Estelle Phillips|Katie Walker|Time Force Yellow Ranger|Time Flyer 4|
|Erin Cahill|Jennifer "Jen" Scotts|Time Force Pink Ranger|Time Flyer 5|
|Daniel Southworth|Eric Meyers|Quantum Ranger|Quantasaurus-Rex|

### Rangers

- Jason Faunt as Wesley "Wes" Collins, the Red Time Force Ranger.
- Erin Cahill as Jennifer "Jen" Scott, the Pink Time Force Ranger.
- Kevin Kleinberg as Trip Regis, the Green Time Force Ranger.
- Deborah Estelle Phillips as Katie Walker, the Yellow Time Force Ranger.
- Michael Copon as Lucas Kendall, the Blue Time Force Ranger.
- Daniel Southworth as Eric Myers, the Quantum Ranger.

### Supporting characters

- Jason Faunt as Alex Drake.
- Edward Laurence Albert as Mr. Albert Collins.
- Briana Siddall as Circuit (voice).
- Douglas Fisher as Phillips.
- Roy Werner as Captain Logan.
- Ken Merckx as Dr. Michael Zaskin.
- **Lightspeed Rangers**
    - Sean Cw Johnson as Carter Grayson, the Red Lightspeed Ranger.
    - Michael Chaturantabut as Chad Lee, the Blue Lightspeed Ranger.
    - Keith Robinson as Joel Rawlings, the Green Lightspeed Ranger.
    - Sasha Williams as Kelsey Winslow, the Yellow Lightspeed Ranger.
    - Alison Maclnnis as Dana Mitchell, the Pink Lightspeed Ranger.
    - Rhett Fisher as Ryan Mitchell, the Titanium Ranger.

## Villains

- Vernon Wells as Ransik.
- Kate Sheldon as Nadira.

## Production

The Series is Produced By Nelvana, in association with TVOKids, Fox, SCN, Bell Media, TFO, Knowledge Network, and Access.

## Infobox (television)

- **based on**: _Mirai Sentai Timeranger_ by Toei Company
- **language**: English
- **producer**: Jonathan Tzachor
- **runtime**: 20 minutes
- **network**: Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox (Fox Kids)
TVOKids
- **num episodes**: 40
Loving Annabelle

***Loving Annabelle*** is a 2006 American romantic drama movie. It is about a girl named Annabelle Tillman. She is sent to a Catholic boarding school after she was kicked out of two other schools. She has a lesbian relationship with one of her teachers.

This movie was released in March 2006.
American Mary

***American Mary*** is a 2012 horror-thriller movie. This movie is about a medical student named Mary. She is also a nightclub stripper.

This movie got mixed reviews. The movie was released August 2012.
Katharine Isabelle

**Katherine Isobel Murray** (also **Katharine Isabelle**; born November 2, 1981) is a Canadian actress. She played Chloe in the movie _Cousins_ (1989). She also played Lindsay Clark in the movie _Disturbing Behavior_ (1998). She played Julia Baker in the movie "Countdown" (2016).

Isabelle was born in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Zodiak Kids

**Banijay Kids & Family** is a division of Banijay. The company does animation for children as Zodiak Media does for parents. Zodiak Media is a worldwide distributor and production company.

## Productions

- _Totally Spies!_ (2013) (Season 6) (Co-produced with Marathon Media, TF1 and The Walt Disney Company France)
- _Rekkit Rabbit_ (2011-2013) (Co-produced with Marathon Media, TF1 and Disney XD Europe)
- _Lolirock_ (2014-) (Co-produced with Marathon Media, and Disney Channel France)
- _Totally Spiesǃ The Movie_ (2009 movie) (Co-produced with Marathon Media, TF1, Teletoon and Studio 37)

## Distributor rights

- _Blake and the aliens_ (2014-)
- _LoliRock_ (2014-)
Katie Leclerc

**Katie Lynn Leclerc** (born November 6, 1986) is an American actress. She plays a coffee lover in the 2014 movie _Caffeinated_. Also in 2014, she played Katie in _The Ones_.

Leclerc was born in San Antonio, Texas and grew up in Lakewood, Colorado.
Neighbors (movie)

***Neighbors*** is a 2014 American comedy movie. It is about a couple with a baby moving who have partying students move next door to them. Rose Byrne plays Kelly Radner. Seth Rogen plays Mac Radner, Zac Efron plays Teddy Sanders. The movie received positive reviews.

This movie was released in May 2014. It is followed by _Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising_.
Jane Wyatt

**Jane Wyatt** (August 12, 1910 – October 20, 2006) was an American actress. She played the housewife in _Father Knows Best_. She also played Jane in the movie _Gentleman's Agreement_.

Wyatt was born in Mahwah, New Jersey. She died from natural causes at age 96.
43 BC

Year **43 BC** was either a common year starting on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday or a leap year starting on Sunday or Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Pansa and Hirtius**.

## Events

- Marcus Junius Brutus defeats Gaius Antonius at Dyrrachium
- The Senate declares Antony an enemy of the state
- Sextus Pompey becomes supreme commander of the Roman navy
- Gaius Octavian meets Antony and Lepidus in Bononia.  The three make an official five-year pact, the Second Triumvirate.
- Lugdunum (Lyon) is founded.

## Births

- Publius Ovidius Naso (Ovid), Roman poet (d. 17/18)
- Princess Iotapa of Media

## Deaths

- Porcia Catonis, wife of Marcus Junius Brutus (b. 70 BC)
- Cicero, Roman politician and author (b. 106 BC)
- Atia Balba Caesonia, niece of Julius Caesar and mother of Augustus (b. 85 BC)
- Decimus Brutus, Roman statesman (b. c. 85 BC)
- Publius Cornelius Dolabella, consul (b. 70 BC)
- Hirtius, Roman statesman (b. c. 90 BC)
- Quintus Tullius Cicero (b. 102 BC)
- Pansa, Roman statesman
- Trebonius, assassin of Julius Caesar (b. c. 92 BC)
- Verres, corrupt praetor (b. c. 120 BC)
- Antipater the Idumaean
45 BC

Year **45 BC** was either a common year starting on Thursday, Friday or Saturday or a leap year starting on Friday or Saturday and the first year of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Caesar without Colleague**.

## Events

- Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the younger in the Battle of Munda
- Possible first year of the Azes I Era

## Births

- Iullus Antonius, son of Mark Antony and Fulvia (d. 2 BC)
- Wang Mang, usurper of the Han Dynasty and Emperor of the Xin Dynasty (d. 23)

## Deaths

- Tullia, daughter of Cicero (b. 79 BC or 78 BC)
- Titus Labienus (b. c. 100 BC)
- Publius Attius Varus
- Gnaeus Pompeius, son of Pompey the Great (b. c. 75 BC)
- Quintus Fabius Maximus
Efrem Zimbalist Sr.

**Efrem Zimbalist, Sr.** (  February 22, 1985) was a Russian-American violinist, composer, teacher, and conductor. He was director of the Curtis Institute of Music. He was married to Alma Gluck. He was the father of actor Efrem Zimbalist, Jr..

Zimbalist, Sr. died at the age of 94 from natural causes.
Poison (movie)

***Poison*** is a 1991 science fiction-horror drama movie written and directed by Todd Haynes. It has three different stories, inspired by the novels of Jean Genet. It was first shown at the Sundance Film Festival in 1991. _Poison_ had a limited release in the United States.

This movie was rated NC-17 by the MPAA.
47 BC

Year **47 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In this year Julius Caesar was Dictator of the Roman Republic.

## Events

- Caesar stops a mutiny
- Caesar invades Africa
- Cleopatra VII promotes her younger brother Ptolemy XIV of Egypt to co-ruler
- Julius Caesar and his ally Cleopatra VII of Egypt defeat the forces of the rival Egyptian Queen Arsinoe IV
- Caesar defeats Pharnaces II of Pontus, king of the Bosporus, in the Battle of Zela
- Feng Yuan becomes consort to Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty

## Births

- Prince Caesarion of Egypt, later Pharaoh Ptolemy XV (d. 30 BC)

## Deaths

- Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, Pharaoh of Egypt (b. 62 or 61 BC)
Alma Gluck

**Alma Gluck** (May 11, 1884October 27, 1938) was a Romanian-American soprano. She was one of the world's most famous female singers at the peak of her career, around 1910. She was married to violinist Efrem Zimbalist, Sr.. She was the mother of actor Efrem Zimbalist, Jr.. Gluck was born in Iași, Romania.

Gluck died in New York City from liver failure, aged 54.
Solvang, California

**Solvang** is a city in Santa Barbara County, California. It was founded in 1884. It became a city in 1985. It had a population of 6,126 in 2020. Solvang means "sunny fields" in Danish.
48 BC

Year **48 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Caesar and  Vatia**.

## Events

- Caesar besieges Pompey
- Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt
- Library of Alexandria burned by accident in battle
- Yuan becomes emperor of the Han Dynasty

## Births

- Lucius Calpurnius Piso, consul under Caesar Augustus (d. AD 32)
- Consort Ban, Chinese concubine of Emperor Cheng of Han, also a female poet and scholar (d. 6 BC)

## Deaths

- Pompey, Roman politician (b. 106 BC)
- Titus Annius Milo, Roman politician
Doctor Octopus

**Dr. Otto Gunther Octavius** (better known as **Doctor Octopus**, or **Doc Ock** for short) is a fictional character and an enemy of Spider-Man in Marvel Comics. The character was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko.

He is a genius supervillain and former atomic scientist who can control four mechanical arms grafted onto his body. He is one of Spider-Man's arch-enemies (alongside Norman Osborn/Green Goblin and Venom), as well as one of his earliest, first appearing in _The Amazing Spider-Man_ #3. He was the main antagonist of the storylines _If This Be My Destiny_, _Master Planner_, and _Ends of the Earth_. He appears as the titular protagonist of _Superior Spider-Man_ and one of the main protagonists of both the _Spider-Verse_ and _Spider-Geddon_ storylines.

## Adaptations

He was voiced by Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. in the 1990s television series _Spider Man_. He was also played by Alfred Molina in _Spider-Man 2_ (2004) and in _Spider-Man: No Way Home_ (2021).
49 BC

Year **49 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Lentulus and Marcellus**.

## Events

- The Great Roman Civil War begins

## Deaths

- Xuan, emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty (b. 91 BC)
- Zheng Ji, general during the Han Dynasty
50 BC

Year **50 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Paullus and Marcellus**.

## Events

- The Senate demands that Julius Caesar ends his command
- The Roman Republic takes control over Judea

## Deaths

- Aristobulus II, king of Judea
- Quintus Hortensius, Roman orator and advocate (b. 114 BC)

## In fiction

- The Asterix comic books all take place in this year
Iron Man (1994 TV series)

***Iron Man*** was a 1994 American animated series based on the Marvel Comics hero Iron Man. It was created by Stan Lee. It stars Robert Hays, James Avery, John Reilly, and Jim Cummings. It ran from September 1994 to February 1996.
77 Sunset Strip

***77 Sunset Strip*** is a hour-long American crime drama television series about detectives. It stars Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., Roger Smith, and Edd Byrnes. It ran from October 10, 1958 to February 7, 1964.
51 BC

Year **51 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Marcellus and Sulpicius**.

## Events

- Pompey demands that Julius Caesar end his command
- Cleopatra VII and her younger brother Ptolemy XIII begin co-rule of Egypt
- The Hsiung-nu split into two hordes

## Births

- Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, Roman governor of Syria (d. 21 AD)
- Cheng, Emperor of the Han Dynasty of China (d. 7 BC)

## Deaths

- Pharaoh Ptolemy XII of Egypt (b. 117 BC)
- Posidonius of Apamea, Greek philosopher, astronomer, geographer (b. c. 135 BC)
Maverick (TV series)

***Maverick*** is an American western television series. It stars James Garner, Jack Kelly, Roger Moore, Robert Colbert, and Efrem Zimbalist, Jr.. It ran from September 1957 to April 1962.
The F.B.I. (TV series)

***The F.B.I.*** was an American crime television series. It stars Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., Philip Abbott, William Reynolds, Stephen Brooks, and Lynn Loring. It ran from September 1965 to September 1974.
Father of the Bride (1950 movie)

***Father of the Bride*** is a 1950 American comedy movie. It was directed by Vincente Minnelli. It stars Spencer Tracy, Elizabeth Taylor, Joan Bennett, Don Taylor, Billie Burke, and Leo G. Caroll. It was released on June 16, 1950.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Father of the Bride
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Vincente Minnelli
- **producer**: Pandro S. Berman
- **screenplay**: Frances Goodrich
Albert Hackett
- **narrator**: Spencer Tracy
- **starring**: Spencer Tracy
Elizabeth Taylor
Joan Bennett
- **music**: Adolph Deutsch
- **cinematography**: John Alton
- **editing**: Ferris Webster
- **distributor**: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
- **runtime**: 92 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $1,215,000
- **gross**: $6,084,000
Father's Little Dividend

***Father's Little Dividend*** is a 1951 American comedy movie and the sequel to _Father of the Bride_. It was directed by Vincente Minnelli, and starring Spencer Tracy, Joan Bennett, Elizabeth Taylor and Don Taylor.
Ezer Weizman

**Ezer Weizman**  (, 15 June 1924 – 24 April 2005) was the seventh President of Israel. He was first elected in 1993 and re-elected in 1998. Before the presidency, Weizman was commander of the Israeli Air Force and Minister of Defense.

## Infobox (president)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Ezer Weizman
- **birthname**: Ezer Weizmann
- **nationality**: Israeli
- **image**: Ezer Weizman 1978-2.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **order**: List of Presidents of Israel, 7th
- **office**: President of Israel
- **term start**: 13 May 1993
- **term end**: 13 July 2000
- **primeminister**: Yitzhak Rabin
Shimon Peres
Benjamin Netanyahu
Ehud Barak
- **predecessor**: Chaim Herzog
- **successor**: Moshe Katsav
- **office2**: Ministry of Defense (Israel), Minister of Defense
- **primeminister2**: Menachem Begin
- **term start2**: 20 June 1977
- **term end2**: 28 May 1980
- **predecessor2**: Shimon Peres
- **successor2**: Menachem Begin
- **birth place**: Tel Aviv, Mandate Palestine, British Mandate of Palestine
- **death place**: Caesarea, Israel
- **party**: Israeli Labor Party, Labour Party
- **spouse**: Reuma Weizman
- **children**: 2
Source (game engine)

The **Source** engine is a video game engine created by a company called Valve Corporation. The engine made its first appearance in 2004 with a game called Half-Life: Source, and was also included in Half-Life 2. Source has been worked on since that date, and is included in many of Valve's games.

Source is meant to power first person shooter video games, but has also been used to create other types of video games as well.

### Source SDK

Source SDK is a toolset used for Source engine. It has tools such as Hammer Editor, Model Viewer, and Face Poser.

### Source Dedicated Server

Source Dedicated Server is used to run multiplayer game sessions. It can work on Windows and Linux.

### Valve Developer Community

In 2005, Valve launched a website called Valve Developer Community. It is a wiki about how to use the Source engine.

### Source SDK

The Source SDK has been criticized for being out of date and hard to use.

### Origins

The Source engine originated from the GoldSrc, which was a changed version of John D. Carmack's Quake engine. Carmack said on his blog in 2004 that there's "still bits of Quake code in Half-Life 2".

Valve worker Erik Johnson explains the origins of the GoldSrc engine on the Valve Developer Community:

The Source engine then continued to replace the GoldSrc engine, until Source was mostly used at Valve.

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Source Engine
- **logo**: Source engine logo and wordmark.svg
- **caption**: The logo of Source
- **developer**: Valve Corporation
- **latest release version**: Build 5595
- **latest release date**: 2014
- **status**: Active
- **programming language**: C++
- **operating system**: Microsoft Windows, Windows
- **platform**: Microsoft Windows, Windows
OS X
Linux
PlayStation 3
Xbox (console), Xbox
Xbox 360
- **genre**: Game engine
- **license**: Proprietary software, Proprietary
Richard Taylor (Confederate general)

**Richard Taylor** (January 27, 1826 – April 12, 1879) was an American plantation owner, politician and Confederate general in the American Civil War. He was born in 1826 in Kentucky. His father was Zachary Taylor, who was a U.S. general and later a U.S. president. Richard Taylor graduated from Yale University in 1845. When his father died in 1851, he inherited a sugar cane plantation in Louisiana.

When the Civil War started, he became colonel of the 9th Louisiana Infantry. He fought in Virginia. He became a brigadier general in October 1861. In July 1862, he became a major general. After that, he was made the commander of the District of West Louisiana. He fought against several Union armies trying to invade western Louisiana, including during the Red River Campaign in 1864.

While he was in western Louisiana, Taylor often disagreed with Edmund Kirby Smith. Smith commanded the Confederates west of the Mississippi River. Because they disagreed so often, Taylor was sent east of the Mississippi in April 1864. He commanded Confederates in Mississippi and Alabama until the end of the war in May 1865.

Taylor died on  April 12, 1879 in New York City.
George Henry Thomas

**George Henry Thomas** (July 31, 1816 – March 28, 1870) was a general in the U.S. Army. He was one of the top Union army generals in the Western Theater of the American Civil War.

Thomas was born in Virginia in 1816. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1840. He fought in the Mexican-American War in an artillery battery. When the Civil War started, he decided to stay in the Union army instead of fighting for Virginia. He became a Brigadier General. He won a victory at the Battle of Mill Springs in Kentucky in 1861.

In 1862, he became a major general and commanded a corps in the Army of the Cumberland. He fought at the Battle of Stones River and the Battle of Chickamauga. He became commander of the Army of the Cumberland during the Chattanooga Campaign in 1863. He continued commanding the army during the Atlanta Campaign. When William T. Sherman started his March to the Sea, Thomas was left behind to defend Tennessee against John Bell Hood. Thomas defeated Hood at the Battle of Nashville in December 1864.

After the war, Thomas stayed with the U.S. army. He died in 1870 in San Francisco.
Army of the Cumberland

The **Army of the Cumberland** was one of the main Union field armies in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. The army started out as the Army of the Ohio in 1861. It was renamed to the Army of the Cumberland in October 1862. The army fought in several battles during the war, including the Battle of Stones River, Battle of Chickamauga, and the Battle of Nashville.
Borgomanero

**Borgomanero** is a _comune_ (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont. It is about  northwest of Milan, about  northwest of Novara and not far from the border between Lombardy and Piedmont

Borgomanero borders the following municipalities: Bogogno, Briga Novarese, Cressa, Cureggio, Fontaneto d'Agogna, Gargallo, Gattico, Gozzano, Invorio, Maggiora, Veruno.

## Twin towns

- Digne-les-Bains, France
- Bad Mergentheim, Germany

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Borgomanero
- **official name**: Comune di Borgomanero
- **image skyline**: Veduta di Borgomanero.jpg
- **image flag**: Flag of John the Baptist.svg
- **image shield**: Borgomanero-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Novara, Novara (NO)
- **frazioni**: Rivano, San Marco, Santa Cristina, Santa Croce, Santo Stefano, Vergano
- **mayor party**: The People of Freedom, PdL
- **mayor**: Anna Tinivella
- **area total km2**: 32.4
- **population total**: 21305
- **population as of**: 31 December 2008
- **population demonym**: Borgomaneresi
- **elevation m**: 306
- **postal code**: 28021
- **area code**: 0322
A Million Ways to Die in the West

***A Million Ways to Die in the West*** is a 2014 American western-comedy movie, starring Seth MacFarlane, Charlize Theron, Amanda Seyfried, Neil Patrick Harris, Giovanni Ribisi, Sarah Silverman and Liam Neeson.

## Synopisis

After losing his girlfriend who is in love with the mustache owner, a sheep herder befriends the wife of an infamous bounty hunter in 1882 Arizona.
The Grand Budapest Hotel

***The Grand Budapest Hotel*** is a 2014 German-American comedy movie directed by Wes Anderson. It is about a caretaker who teams up with one of his employees to prove that he is innocent of murder. Ralph Fiennes plays the caretaker. Tilda Swinton plays Céline. Léa Seydoux plays Clotilde. Harvey Keitel plays Ludwig.

This movie has an R rating from the Motion Picture Association of America. The reviews of the movie were very positive.
Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson

The **second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson** as the 36th president of the United States was held on January 20, 1965.

The inauguration was the start of the second term (and first full four-year term) of Lyndon B. Johnson as president and the only term of Hubert Humphrey as Vice President. Chief Justice Earl Warren gave the oath of office. Lady Bird Johnson started the tradition of First Ladies taking part in the event by holding the President's Bible.

About 1.2 million people attended the inauguration. At the time, that was the most people at any event held at the National Mall. This was the last time an inauguration was covered by newsreels.

## Related pages

- United States presidential election, 1964
Žarko Petan

**Žarko Petan** (27 March 1929 – 2 May 2014) was a Slovenian writer, essayist, screenwriter, and theatre and movie director. He is known as a writer of aphorisms. His career began in 1950. He wrote over 100 essays and novels. Between 1992 and 1994, he served as Director General of the Slovenian National Radio and Television Broadcast. Petan was born in Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Petan died on 2 May 2014 at the age of 85.
Yuengling

**D. G. Yuengling & Son** is the oldest operating brewing company in the United States. It was started in 1829. It is one of the largest breweries by volume in the country. Based on sales in 2011, Yuengling was tied with the Boston Beer Company, maker of Samuel Adams brands, as the largest producer of beer in the United States. Yuengling's headquarters are in Pottsville, Pennsylvania.  Yuengling produces about 2.5 million barrels of beer a year. They operate two breweries in Pennsylvania and one in Tampa, Florida.

Yuengling is pronounced /ˈjʏŋlɪŋ/ , and is an Anglicized version of _Jüngling_, its founder's surname and the German term for "young man".
Jim Oberstar

**James Louis "Jim" Oberstar** (September 10, 1934 – May 3, 2014) was an American politician. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 2011. He represented Minnesota's 8th district. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Oberstar was born in Chisholm, Minnesota.

Oberstar lived with his wife, Jean, in Potomac, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C.. He also lived in his boyhood home in Chisholm, Minnesota. He died in his sleep at his home in Potomac on May 3, 2014, aged 79.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jim Oberstar
- **image**: Oberstar2010.JPG
- **state**: Minnesota
- **term start**: January 3, 1975
- **term end**: January 3, 2011
- **predecessor**: John Blatnik
- **successor**: Chip Cravaack
- **birthname**: James Louis Oberstar
- **birth place**: Chisholm, Minnesota, Chisholm, Minnesota, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Potomac, Maryland, Potomac, Maryland, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Jean Kurth
- **alma mater**: University of St. Thomas (Minnesota), University of St. Thomas, Minnesota
College of Europe
Canton of Grevenmacher

**Grevenmacher** () is a canton in Luxembourg.  Its capital is Grevenmacher.

## Geography

With an area of , and a population (2017) of 29,525, the Grevenmacher canton has a population density of  inhabitants/km².

It is bordered on the north by the Echternach canton, on the east by the German district of Trier-Saarburg (part of the _Land_ of Rhineland-Palatinate), on the south by the Remich canton, and on the west by the Luxembourg district.

## Communes

The Grevenmacher canton consists of the following 8 communes (2017 population).
1. Betzdorf (3,810)
1. Biwer (1,813)
1. Flaxweiler (2,060)
1. Grevenmacher (4,923)
1. Junglinster (7,537)
1. Manternach (2,068)
1. Mertert (4,530)
1. Wormeldange (2,784)

## Related pages

- Cantons of Luxembourg
- Districts of Luxembourg (all former)
- List of cities in Luxembourg

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Canton of Grevenmacher
- **native name**: Kanton Gréiwemaacher
- **settlement type**: Cantons of Luxembourg, Canton
- **image map**: Canton Grevenmacher in Luxembourg.svg
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Luxembourg
- **subdivision type2**: Legislative constituency
- **subdivision name2**: Circonscription Est (Luxembourg), Est
- **subdivision type3**: Local administrative unit, LAU 1
- **subdivision name3**: LU00011
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Grevenmacher
- **area total km2**: 211.4
- **area rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by area, 7th of 12
- **elevation max m**: 411
- **elevation max footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by highest point, 10th of 12)
- **elevation min m**: 132
- **elevation min footnotes**: (List of cantons of Luxembourg by lowest point, 1st of 12)
- **population rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population, 6th of 12
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: List of cantons of Luxembourg by population density, 7th of 12
- **parts type**: Communes
<small>(List of cities in Luxembourg, cities in bold)</small>
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Betzdorf, Luxembourg, Betzdorf
Biwer
Flaxweiler
**Grevenmacher**
Junglinster
Manternach
Mertert
Wormeldange
- **image shield**: Coat of arms grevenmacher luxbrg.png
Samuel Adams (beer)

**Samuel Adams** is an American brand of beer. It is brewed by the Boston Beer Company () and its associated contract brewers.  The company was founded in 1984 by Jim Koch, Harry M. Rubin, and Lorenzo Lamadrid in Boston, Massachusetts. The brand name of Samuel Adams (often abbreviated to Sam Adams, even in advertisements), was chosen in honor of Samuel Adams, an American patriot. Samuel Adams was famous for his role in the American Revolution and the Boston Tea Party. According to tradition, he was also a maltster. However, James Koch, founder of the Boston Beer Company, reports having seen a receipt for hops signed by Samuel Adams. This seems to indicate the patriot Adams may have done some brewing. Based on sales in 2011, the Boston Beer Company is tied with Yuengling for the largest American-owned beer-maker.
Eastern Theater of the American Civil War

The **Eastern Theater** of the American Civil War included the U.S. states of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia and the coastal seaports and fortifications of North Carolina. There were many battles fought in this area, especially in northern and eastern Virginia. Several battles were fought between the Union Army of the Potomac and Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. There was so much fighting in Virginia because the Confederate capital was at Richmond, Virginia.

The Eastern Theatre was the scene of several key battles. These included the First Battle of Bull Run, the bloody Battle of Antietam and the greatest battle, the Battle of Gettysburg. Only 100 miles separated the two capital cities, Washington, D.C. the Union capital and the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia. Between the two lay the Shenandoah Valley, a natural corridor that could hide entire armies.

## Background

After the fall of Fort Sumter in April 1861, both sides scrambled to create armies. President Abraham Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion. This immediately caused the secession of four additional states, including Virginia. The United States Army had only around 16,000 men, with more than half spread out in the West. The army was commanded by the elderly Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott, veteran of the War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War. On the Confederate side, only a handful of federal officers and men resigned and joined the Confederacy. The formation of the Confederate States Army was a matter initially undertaken by the individual states.

## Major campaigns and battles

|**Campaign**|**Effective Dates of the Campaign**|**Notes**|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Battle of Fort Sumter|April 12–13, 1861|War started, CSA victory|
|First Battle of Bull Run|July 16–22, 1861|First Manassas, CSA victory|
|Peninsula Campaign|March 17 - August 3, 1862||
|Jackson's Valley Campaign|May 15 - June 17, 1862||
|Second Battle of Bull Run|August 7 - September 2, 1862|("Second Manassas" for Confederate service)|
|Maryland Campaign|September 3–17, 1862|("Sharpsburg" for Confederate service)|
|Battle of Fredericksburg|November 9 - December 15, 1862||
|Battle of Chancellorsville|April 27 - May 3, 1863||
|Gettysburg Campaign|June 29 - July 3, 1863||
|Battle of the Wilderness|May 4–7, 1864||
|Battle of Spotsylvania Court House|May 8–21, 1864||
|Overland Campaign|May and June 1864||
|Siege of Petersburg|June 4, 1864 - April 2, 1865||
|Valley Campaigns of 1864|August 7 - November 28, 1864||
|Appomattox Campaign|April 3–9, 1865||

## Other websites

- The Civil War in Four Minutes: War in the East, Civil War Trust; YouTube
- Eastern Theater Battles; YouTube
Elena Baltacha

**Elena Sergeevna Baltacha** (14 August 1983 – 4 May 2014) was a British professional tennis player.

Baltacha was born in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union to Olga and Sergei Pavlovich Baltacha. Her brother is Sergei Baltacha, Jr. She moved to the United Kingdom in 1989.

She was British No. 1 intermittently from 2002 to 2012. However, due to her absence from competition, due to knee surgery, she dropped down the world rankings and at the time of her retirement, on 18 November 2013, she was ranked as the world No. 221 and British No. 6. She was a four-time winner of the Aegon Award.

Baltacha was diagnosed with liver cancer in January 2014. She died of the disease three months later, aged 30.
Corona, California

**Corona** is a city in Riverside County, California. It has a population of 157,136 as of 2020. It is near Yorba Linda, California.
Japanese idol

An  in the Japanese pop culture is a young media personality (a singer, an actor, a model, etc.). This is usually a teenager, who has a cute and innocent public image. Idols are a separate category of Japanese artists.

The term is commercialized by Japanese talent agents. The talent agencies hold auditions for cute boys and girls and make them stars. Idols are intended to be an ideal object of love of frenzied fans. There is also a view that the Japanese people see idols as sisters or girls next door.

Japanese idol singers work across genres of the Japanese pop music. This is usually whatever is most popular at the moment. Their songs do not require great singing skills, but the artist must be beautiful, sweet and nice to sing them. In their everyday life, idols must also match the songs they sing. They must have a perfect public image and be good examples to young people.

## History

The phenomenon appeared in the early 1970s. It was thanks to the popularity of young French actress Sylvie Vartan and the movie she played in called _Cherchez l'idole_ ("Look for the Idol"). The movie came out in Japan in November 1964 under the title _Aidoru o Sagase_. The term "idol" started being used for girls, mostly between 14 and 16, who were just beginning their path to stardom or for very young new stars.

## Selective list of Japanese idol music groups

This is a selective list of Japanese idol music groups, divided by projects or talent agencies.
- AKB48
- Stardust Promotion (talent agency)
    - Momoiro Clover Z
    - Shiritsu Ebisu Chugaku
    - Takoyaki Rainbow
- Hello! Project (project)
    - Morning Musume
    - °C-ute
    - Berryz Kobo
    - S/mileage
    - Juice=Juice
    - Buono!
- Fairies
- 9nine
- Sakura Gakuin

## Other websites

- 10 Kawaii Japanese Female Idol Groups
Zhané

**Zhané** (pronounced jah-nay) was an American R&B-soul group. The group was known for several major songs, like "Groove Thang", "Hey Mr DJ" and "Sending My Love". The group was part of Queen Latifah's Flavor Unit collective.

The group broke up during the late 1990s.

## Other websites

- Jean Baylor Official Site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Zhané
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- **years active**: 1993–1999
- **label**: Flavor Unit/Epic Records, Epic
Motown Records, Motown
- **associated acts**: Queen Latifah, De La Soul, Busta Rhymes
- **past members**: Renee Neufville
Jean Norris-Baylor
Gary Becker

**Gary Stanley Becker** (December 2, 1930 ~ May 3, 2014) was an American economist. He was a professor of economics and sociology at the University of Chicago and a professor at the Booth School of Business. He won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1992 and received the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007.

Becker was one of the first economists to study topics that were usually researched in sociology. He studied family organization in new and interesting ways. He studied racial discrimination, crime, and rational addiction. He said that many different types of human behavior that seem self-destructive or irrational can be seen as rational and utility-maximizing. He also studied altruism in human behavior. He showed that sometimes altruism was really to help oneself. He was a strong supporter of studying human capital. According to Milton Friedman, he was "the greatest social scientist who has lived and worked" in the second part of the twentieth century.

Becker was born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania. Gary Becker died in Chicago, Illinois from complications of ulcer surgery, aged 83.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gary Becker
- **image**: GaryBecker-May24-2008.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Gary Becker speaking in Chicago, May 24, 2008
- **birth place**: Pottsville, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Princeton University
University of Chicago
- **awards**: 1967 John Bates Clark Medal
1992 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
1997 Pontifical Academy of Sciences
2004 John von Neumann Award
2007 Presidential Medal of Freedom
Tatiana Samoilova

**Tatiana Yevgenyevna Samoilova** (; 4 May 1934 – 4 May 2014) was a Soviet and Russian movie actress. She starred in _The Cranes Are Flying_ (1957), _The Unsent Letter_ (1959) and _Anna Karenina_ (1967).

Samoilova's career began in 1955. She starred in over 50 Russian movies. She retired in 2008. Samoilova was born in Leningrad, Russia SFSR, Soviet Union.

On 3 May 2014, the eve of her 80th birthday, Samoilova was taken to hospital in Moscow. She had a serious condition with coronary heart disease and hypertension. She died, two days later on 4 May 2014.
Newington Butts

**Newington Butts** is a former village, now an area of south London. It is most famous as the location of the Newington Butts Theatre in the late 1500s. Some of the first performances of plays such as _Hamlet_, _Titus Andronicus_ and _The Taming of a Shrew_ happened there. It probably gets its name from an archery butts, or practice field. It is also the birthplace of the physicist Michael Faraday.
Regina Belle

**Regina Belle** (born July 17, 1963) is an African American singer-songwriter and musician. She performed the award-winning "A Whole New World". She also did "I Can't Imagine".

Belle was born in Englewood, New Jersey.
Stacy Lattisaw

**Stacy Lattisaw** (born November 25, 1966) is an American R&B and gospel singer. Since the 1990s, she has performed only gospel music.

Lattisaw's major singles include "Love on a Two-Way Street" and 1989's "Where Do We Go from Here".

Lattisaw was born in Washington, D.C..
Aegis

**Aegis** was the shield that Athena used. It had the face of the gorgon Medusa on it.
Curing (chemistry)

In chemistry, **curing** is the name of a process that strengthens the links between polymers. When it is used with rubber, this process is called vulcanization.