Habsburg Spain

**Habsburg Spain** means the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries (1506–1700).  This was when Spain was ruled by the major branch of the Habsburg dynasty. Under Habsburg rule (mostly under Charles I and Philip II), Spain reached the height of its influence and power. The Hapsburgs had land including the Americas; the East Indies in Asia; the Low Countries, territories now in France and Germany in Europe. From 1580 to 1640 they had the Portuguese Empire; and various other lands such as small enclaves like Ceuta and Oran in North Africa. Habsburg Spain was, for well over a century, the world's greatest power. For this reason, this period of Spanish history has also been called the "Age of Expansion."

With the Habsburgs, Spain was one of the greatest political and military powers in Europe and the world for much of the 16th and 17th centuries. During the Habsburg's period, Spain ushered in the Spanish Golden Age of arts and literature producing some of the world's most outstanding writers and painters and influential intellectuals, including Teresa of Ávila, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Miguel de Cervantes, Francisco de Quevedo, Diego Velázquez, El Greco, Domingo de Soto, Francisco Suárez and Francisco de Vitoria.

Spain or "the Spains", referring to Spanish territories across different continents in this period, initially covered the entire Iberian peninsula, including the kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, León, Navarre and, from 1580, Portugal.

The marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469 resulted in the union of the two main crowns, Castile and Aragon, which eventually led to the de facto unification of Spain, after the culmination of the _Reconquista_ with the conquest of Granada in 1492 and of Navarre in 1512–1529. Isabella and Ferdinand were bestowed the title of "Catholic King and Queen" by Pope Alexander VI in 1494, and the term _Monarchia Catholica_ (Catholic Monarchy, Modern Spanish: _Monarquía Católica_) remained in use for the monarchy under the Spanish Habsburgs. The Habsburgers period is formative of the notion of "Spain" in the sense that was institutionalized in the 18th century.

Spain as a unified state came into being _de jure_ after the Nueva Planta decrees of 1707 that succeeded the multiple crowns of its former realms. After the death in 1700 of Spain's last Habsburg king Charles II, the resulting War of the Spanish Succession led to the ascension of Philip V of the Bourbon dynasty and began a new centralizing state formation.

Among the most outstanding figures of this period were Diego Velázquez, El Greco, Miguel de Cervantes, Teresa of Ávila, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Francisco de Vitoria, Domingo de Soto and Francisco Suárez.

## Infobox (country)

- **native name**: _Monarchia Hispaniae_
- **conventional long name**: Spanish Empire, Monarchy of Spain
- **common name**: Spanish Empire
- **era**: Early Modern period
- **image flag**: Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg
- **flag type**: Cross of Burgundy Flag
- **image coat**: Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_II_of_Spain_(1668-1700).svg
- **symbol**: Coat of arms of Spain
- **symbol type**: Coat of arms of Habsburg Spain (1668–1700)
- **image map**: MAPA DE ESPAÑA EN 1570.jpg
- **image map caption**: 1570 map of the Iberian Peninsula
- **year start**: 1516
- **date start**: 23 January
- **event start**: Ascension of
- **year end**: 1700
- **date end**: 1 November
- **event end**: Death of Charles II
- **event post**: War of the Spanish Succession
- **date post**: 1701–1714
- **event pre**: Accession of Philip I of Castile
- **date pre**: 26 November 1504
- **event1**: Dutch Revolt
- **date event1**: 1568–1648
- **event2**: Iberian Union
- **date event2**: 1580–1640
- **event3**: Franco-Spanish War (1635–59), Franco-Spanish War
- **date event3**: 1635–1659
- **event4**: Portuguese Restoration War
- **date event4**: 1640–1668
- **p1**: Crown of Castile
- **flag p1**: Banner of arms crown of Castille Habsbourg style.svg
- **p2**: Crown of Aragon
- **flag p2**: Royal Banner of Arag%C3%B3n.svg
- **p3**: Kingdom of Navarre
- **flag p3**: Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg
- **p4**: Kingdom of Naples
- **flag p4**: Bandera de Nápoles - Trastámara.svg
- **p5**: NetherlandsHabsburg Netherlands
- **flag p5**: Bandera cruz de Borgoña 2.svg
- **border p2**: no
- **s1**: Kingdom of SpainBourbon Spain
- **flag s1**: Flag of Spain (1701–1760).svg
- **s5**: Dutch Republic
- **flag s5**: Statenvlag.svg
- **s6**: Kingdom of Sardinia
- **flag s6**: Flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia.svg
- **s8**: Iberian Union
- **flag s8**: Royal Coat of Arms of Spain (1580-1668).svg
- **flag s9**: Flag_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.svg
- **capital**: Madrid <small>(1561–1601; 1606–1700)</small>
Valladolid <small>(1601–06)</small>
- **government type**: Composite monarchy
- **religion**: Roman Catholic Church
- **title leader**: House of Habsburg
- **leader1**: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles I
- **year leader1**: 1516–1556 <small>(first)</small>
- **leader2**: Charles II
- **year leader2**: 1665–1700 <small>(last)</small>
- **currency**: Spanish real
- **demonym**: Spanish, Portuguese
- **today**: Spain, Portugal
- **legislature**: Cortes of Castile
Courts of Aragon
Catalan Courts
Corts Valencianes
Cortes of Navarre
Cortes of Portugal