juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Front-runner

In American politics, a **front-runner** or **frontrunner** is a leader/most popular in an electoral race.

A political front-runner, mainly during the U.S. presidential primary process, is the most likely to be the nominee or the one who leads in the polls. The front-runner is most often declared by the media who are following the race, and is written about in a different style than his or her challengers.
Sick leave

**Sick leave**  is time off from work that workers can use to stay home because they are sick.

## Overview

Paid sick leave is a requirement in many nations around the world. Most European, many Latin American, a few African and a few Asian countries have legal requirements for paid sick leave.

## History

Already in 1500 BC, at least some of the workers who built the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs received paid sick leave as well as state-sponsored healthcare.

## Sick pay

**Sick pay** is money paid to a person who is not able to work because they are ill.  This may come from the business they normally work for, from health insurance, or from social security.  To get the money most people will need a sick note from a medical doctor to show that they cannot work.

## Examples

In the United Kingdom (UK), general practitioners had to give people sick notes since the National Insurance Act 1911.  They could get 10 shillings a week Sickness benefit for 26 weeks.
Annual leave

**Annual leave** is paid time off work given by employers to employees to be used for whatever the employee wishes. Depending on the employer's policies, there are different numbers of days off given. It is thought to be a benefit for the employees. Some employees must tell their boss a few days before they go on leave. Most countries around the world have labor laws that mandate employers give a certain number of paid time-off days per year to workers.
Conservatoire national des arts et métiers

The ***Conservatoire national des arts et métiers*** (; **CNAM**) is a graduate engineering school in Paris, France. It was created in 1794.

Its different programs lead to the following French and European degrees:
- Ingénieur CNAM (CNAM Graduate engineer Masters level program)
- Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies
- Mastères Spécialisés (MS)
- Massive Online Open Courses

Classes and research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen nationalities participate in the different programs at CNAM.

## Former student

- Lucien Servanty (1943), head of design of Concorde

## Other websites

- Official website  (in French)
- Official website (in English)
- Official website CNAM lebanon  (in French)

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Conservatoire national des arts et métiers
- **image**: Logo_cnam.gif
- **established**: 1794
- **type**: Public, Graduate engineering school
- **students**: 90.000
- **city**: Paris
- **country**: France
- **affiliations**: héSam université
Conférence des Grandes Écoles
- **website**: http://www.cnam.fr
Brindisi

**Brindisi** is an Italian city in Apulia. Brindisi is the capital of the Province of Brindisi. About 85,000 people live there.
Zina

**Zināʾ** (زِنَاء) or **zina** (زِنًى or زِنًا) is an Islamic law concerning unlawful sexual relations between male and female. Historically, sexual relations with  concubines, who are known as “those whom your right hands possess” in the Qur'an, was permissible in Islam.

However, most modern Muslims believe that Islam no longer permits concubinage and that sexual relations are religiously permissible only within marriage. In modern times, the term zina often refers to sexual relations between males and females who are not married to one another through a _nikah_,  and includes extramarital sex, premarital sex, adultery (consensual, fornication (consensual sexual intercourse between two unmarried persons), and homosexuality (consensual sexual relations between same-sex partners).

In the four schools of Sunni fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and the two schools of Shi'a fiqh, the term zināʾ is a sin of sexual intercourse that is not allowed by Sharia (Islamic law) and classed as a hudud crime (class of Islamic punishments that are fixed for certain crimes that are considered to be "claims of God").  To prove an act of zina, a qadi (religious judge) in a sharia court relies on an unmarried woman's pregnancy, the confession in the name of Allah, or four witnesses to the actual act of penetration. The last two types of prosecutions are uncommon. Most cases of zina in the history of Islam have been pregnant unmarried women. In some schools of Islamic law, a pregnant woman accused of zina who denies sex was consensual must prove she was raped with four eye-witnesses testifying before the court.  This has led to many cases where rape victims have been punished for zina.  Pressing charges of zina without required eyewitnesses is considered slander (Qadhf, القذف) in Islam, itself a hudud crime. The punishment for zina is stoning the accused to death.

The above sense of _zina_ is not to be confused with the woman's name _Zina_ or _Zeina_ (زينة). The name has a different linguistic root (Greek _xen_-). It also has a different meaning ("guest, stranger"), is pronounced differently (either Zīnah or Zaynah), and is usually spelled differently.
École polytechnique

**École Polytechnique** (**EP** or "**l'X**") is a engineering graduate school in France. It is in a campus of Palaiseau (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
- _Ingénieur Polytechnicien_ (Polytechnique Graduate engineer Masters level program)
- Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies
- _Mastères Spécialisés_ (MS)
- Massive Online Open Courses.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed  in French and English languages. Students from a lot of nationalities participate to the different curricula at École Polytechnique.

## Notable Graduates

- Caroline Aigle, French fighter jet pilot
- Paul-Louis Arslanian, Former head of _Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile_
- Michel Bernard, French public servant
- Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematiker
- Yves Carcelle, French businessman
- Auguste Comte, French thinker
- Valérie Cornetet, head of the Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées
- Philippe Crébassa, French public servant
- Jacques Friedel, French physicist, educator and material scientist
- Carlos Ghosn, French-Lebanese businessman
- Patrick Ky, French Manager
- Joseph-Louis Lagrange, mathematician and astronomer
- Yves Lambert, French aerospace engineer
- Edmond Malinvaud, French economist
- Gérard Mestrallet, CEO of GDF Suez
- Guy du Merle, French aerospace engineer, pilot and writer
- Louis Pailhas, French politician and aerospace engineer
- Yves Poilane, French manager
- Siméon Denis Poisson,  French mathematician and physicist
- Jean Robieux, French Physicist
- Gérard Rozenknop, French aerospace engineer
- Jean-Paul Troadec, French aerospace engineer
- Jacques Villiers, French aerospace engineer and public servant
- Michel Wachenheim, French ambassador
- Farid Zizi, French aerospace engineer

## Related pages

- École Polytechnique massacre

## Further reading

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: École Polytechnique
- **image**: Ecole Polytechnique France seen from lake DSC03389.JPG
- **established**: 1794
- **type**: Public, Graduate engineering school
- **students**: 3000
- **city**: Palaiseau
- **country**: France
- **affiliations**: Conférence des Grandes Écoles
UniverSud Paris
- **website**: http://www.polytechnique.edu
Farmington

**Farmington** may refer to:

**in Canada**:
- Farmington, British Columbia
- Farmington, Nova Scotia

**in the United Kingdom**:
- Farmington, Gloucestershire
- Farmington Institute for Christian Studies at Oxford

**in the United States** (by state):
- Farmington, Arkansas
- Farmington, California
- Farmington, Connecticut
- Farmington, Delaware
- Farmington, Kentucky
- Hustonville, Kentucky, formerly known as Farmington
- Kingsley, Kentucky, formerly known as Farmington
- Farmington, Illinois
- Farmington, Indiana
- Farmington, Iowa
- Farmington, Maine
- Farmington, Michigan
- Farmington, Minnesota
- Farmington, Mississippi
- Farmington, Missouri
- Farmington, New Hampshire
- Farmington, New Mexico
- Farmington, New York
- Farmington, North Carolina, a township and unincorporated community in Davie County, North Carolina
- Farmington, Ohio
- Farmington, Oregon
- Farmington, Pennsylvania (Fayette County)
- Farmington Township, Pennsylvania
    - Farmington Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania
    - Farmington Township, Tioga County, Pennsylvania
    - Farmington Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania
- Farmington, Utah
    - Farmington (UTA station), Utah Transit Authority commuter rail station
- Farmington, Virginia
- Farmington (Albemarle County, Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Albemarle County, Virginia
- Farmington (St. Stephens Church, Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in King and Queen County, Virginia
- Farmington, Washington
- Farmington, West Virginia
- Farmington, Wisconsin
    - Farmington, Jefferson County, Wisconsin, a town
    - Farmington, La Crosse County, Wisconsin, a town
    - Farmington, Polk County, Wisconsin, a town
    - Farmington, Washington County, Wisconsin, a town
    - Farmington, Waupaca County, Wisconsin, a town
    - Farmington (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
Ada County, Idaho

**Ada County** is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho.  As of the 2020 Census, 494,967 people lived in the county. That was more than any other county in Idaho. The county seat and largest city is Boise. Boise is also the state capital.

### Cities

- Boise
- Eagle
- Garden City
- Kuna
- Meridian
- Star

### Census-designated places

- Avimor
- Hidden Spring

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Ada County
- **state**: Idaho
- **ex image**: James A. McClure Federal Bldg & U.S. Courthouse.JPG
- **ex image size**: 220px
- **ex image cap**: James A. McClure Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in Boise, Idaho.
- **founded date**: December 22
- **founded year**: 1864
- **seat wl**: Boise
- **largest city wl**: Boise
- **area total sq mi**: 1060
- **area land sq mi**: 1053
- **area water sq mi**: 7.9
- **area percentage**: 0.7
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 494967
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Mountain
- **district**: 1st
- **district2**: 2nd
- **footnotes**: County Code: 1A
- **web**: www.adaweb.net
- **named for**: Ada Riggs
Hidden Springs, Idaho

**Hidden Springs** is a census-designated place in Ada County, Idaho, United States. Its population was 3,076 in the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hidden Springs
- **settlement type**: Census-designated place
- **image map**: File:Ada County Idaho Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Hidden Springs Highlighted 1637500.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Hidden Springs in Ada County, Idaho.
- **pushpin map**: Idaho
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Idaho
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Idaho, County
- **subdivision name2**: Ada County, Idaho, Ada
- **area total km2**: 6.85
- **area land km2**: 6.82
- **area water km2**: 0.03
- **area total sq mi**: 2.65
- **area land sq mi**: 2.63
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3076
- **population density sq mi**: 1168
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **elevation ft**: 2864
- **area code**: Area code 208, 208
- **blank name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank info**: 2585573
Buddy Cianci

**Vincent Albert "Buddy" Cianci, Jr.** (, ; , ; April 30, 1941 – January 28, 2016,) was an American lawyer, convicted felon, conservative radio talk show host, politician and political commentator.

He served as the mayor of Providence, Rhode Island from 1975 to 1984 and again from 1991 to 2002. Cianci was the longest-serving mayor of Providence, and one of the longest-serving "big city" mayors in United States history, having held office for over 21 years.

Cianci died of colon cancer in Providence, Rhode Island on January 28, 2016 at the age of 74.

## Other websites

- WJAR's index of Plunder Dome–related articles
- "Charges in 30-Count Indictment against Cianci and other Defendants"
- Vice and Virtue—2002 special by Rhode Island's _The Providence Journal_.
- "ABC6 News names Buddy chief political analyst"
- _The Buddy Cianci Show_ on 630 WPRO

## Infobox (mayor)

- **name**: Vincent A. Cianci, Jr.
- **image**: Buddy Cianci 4 July 2009 Bristol RI.jpg
- **caption**: Cianci at the Bristol Fourth of July Parade in 2009
- **order**: 32nd & 34th
- **office**: Mayor of Providence, Rhode Island
- **term start**: January 7, 1991
- **term end**: September 6, 2002
- **predecessor**: Joseph R. Paolino, Jr.
- **successor**: John J. Lombardi
- **term start2**: January 7, 1975
- **term end2**: April 25, 1984
- **predecessor2**: Joseph A. Doorley, Jr.
- **successor2**: Joseph R. Paolino, Jr.
- **birth place**: Cranston, Rhode Island
- **death date**:
Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.
- **residence**: Providence, Rhode Island
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican (1974–Dec. 1982)
 Independent (politician), Independent (Jan. 1983–2016)
- **website**: http://www.buddycianci.com
- **alma mater**: Fairfield University, Fairfield, B.A.
 Villanova University, Villanova, M.A.
 Marquette University Law School, Marquette, J.D.
Carlos Loyzaga

**Carlos Matute Loyzaga** (August 29, 1930 – January 27, 2016) was a Filipino basketball player and coach. He was born in Manila, Philippine Islands.

He was the most dominant basketball player of his era in the Philippines. He was called the greatest Filipino basketball player of all time. Loyzaga was a two-time Olympian (1952, 1956), as a member of the Philippines men's national basketball team.

Loyzaga died on January 27, 2016 in San Juan, Metro Manila from complications of a stroke at the age of 85.

## Other websites

- Basketball-reference.com
- Blogs.inquirer.net
- Interaksyon.com
- Sports.enquirer.com
- Philstar.com
- Journal.com.ph
- Gameface.ph

## Infobox (basketball biography)

- **name**: Carlos Loyzaga
- **number**: 41
- **position**: Center (basketball), Center
- **nationality**: Filipino
- **birth place**: Manila, Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, Philippine Islands
- **death place**: San Juan, Metro Manila, San Juan, Metro Manila, Philippines
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **college**: San Beda College
- **career start**: 1951
- **career end**: 1964
- **years1**: 1954–1964
- **team1**: YCO Painters (Manila Industrial Commercial Athletic Association, MICAA)
PhinDeli Town Buford, Wyoming

**PhinDeli Town Buford**, originally known as **Buford**, is an unincorporated community in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. In 2013, it had only 1 resident.

## Other websites

- Community of Buford
- 2010 video interview from CNN

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: PhinDeli Town-Buford
(Buford, Wyoming)
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated community
- **image skyline**: Buford wyoming sign.jpg
- **image caption**: Street sign for Buford
- **pushpin map**: USA Wyoming
- **pushpin label position**: top
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of Wyoming
- **map caption**: Location within Albany county
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wyoming
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wyoming, County
- **subdivision name2**: Albany County, Wyoming, Albany
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1866
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 0.04
- **area land km2**: 0.04
- **area water km2**: 0
- **population as of**: 2012
- **population total**: 1
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 82052
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **website**: [http://www.bufordtradingpost.com/ bufordtradingpost.com]
Harmony, Wyoming

**Harmony** is an unincorporated community  in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. It is located about  southwest of Laramie. Harmony Elementary School is a part of Albany County School District #1. Older students attend school in Laramie.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Harmony, Wyoming
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated community
- **pushpin map**: USA Wyoming
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of Wyoming
- **map caption**: Location within Albany county
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of the United States, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wyoming
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wyoming, County
- **subdivision name2**: Albany County, Wyoming, Albany
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2000, 2000
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1589316
Garrett, Wyoming

**Garrett** is an unincorporated community in Albany County, Wyoming, United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Garrett, Wyoming
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated community
- **pushpin map**: USA Wyoming#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of Wyoming
- **map caption**: Location within Albany county
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wyoming
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wyoming, County
- **subdivision name2**: Albany County, Wyoming, Albany
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2000, 2000
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 82058
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1597328
Wellesley, Massachusetts

**Wellesley** is a town in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.
Paul Kantner

**Paul Lorin Kantner** (March 17, 1941 – January 28, 2016) was an American guitarist, vocalist, and political activist. He was known for co-founding Jefferson Airplane, a psychedelic rock band of the 1960s and its more commercial spin-off band Jefferson Starship. He was born in San Francisco, California.

Kantner died from multiple organ failure and septic shock caused by a heart attack in San Francisco, California on January 28, 2016. He was 74.

## Other websites

- Official website for Jefferson Starship
- Official website for Jefferson Airplane.
- 'Got A Revolution': Biography of Jefferson Airplane by Jeff Tamarkin
- Jefferson Airplane biography  at _Rolling Stone_.
- Jefferson Airplane profile, NNDB.
Dmitry Shirkov

**Dmitry Vasil'evich Shirkov** (; 3 March 1928 – 23 January 2016) was a Russian theoretical physicist. He was known for his works to quantum field theory and to the development of the renormalization group method. He used to work at Lund University in Sweden. He was born in Moscow, Russia.

Shirkov died at his home in Dubna, Russia from a heart attack on 23 January 2016 at the age of 87.

## Other websites

- Biography at the department of Quantum Theory and High Energy Physics at MSU
Jorma Kaukonen

**Jorma Ludwik Kaukonen, Jr.** (born December 23, 1940) is an American blues, folk and rock guitarist. He is best known for his work with Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna. _Rolling Stone_ magazine ranked him #54 on its list of 100 Greatest Guitarists.

Kaukonen was born in Washington, D.C.. He moved to San Francisco, California in the 1960s and studied at Santa Clara University.

## Other websites

- Jorma Kaukonen website
- Fur Peace Ranch website
- Jorma searches for his Jewish Soul
- List of Authorized links from Jormakaukonen.com
- Got a Revolution: Jefferson Airplane biography by Jeff Tamarkin
Jack Casady

**John William "Jack" Casady** (born April 13, 1944) is an American musician. He is called one of the popular bass guitarists of the rock music era. He is best known as a member of Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna. He was born in Washington, D.C.. He became the bass player for Jefferson Airplane with lead guitarist Jorma Kaukonen and Paul Kantner.

## Other websites

- Official Jack Casady website  requires Flash
- Jack Cassady in SVT

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **instrument**: Bass guitar, vocals, guitar, keyboards, percussion
- **birth name**: John William Casady
- **image**: Jack Casady.jpg
- **caption**: Casady playing on his Epiphone Jack Casady Signature Bass, signature bass with Hot Tuna in 2005.
- **image size**: 240px
- **landscape**: no
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C., United States, US
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, blues
- **associated acts**: Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna, Moonalice, Jimi Hendrix, SVT, Roky Erickson
- **years active**: 1964–present
- **website**: (requires flash)
Sciences Po

**Sciences Po** or **Institut d'études politiques de Paris** is a special university in France. The school is in Paris and was created in 1872.

It is a specialist in the fields of economics, administration, social sciences and politics.

## Notable graduates

- Charline Avenel, French official
- Paul Biya, President of Cameroon
- Marc Drillech, French sociologist and President of universities
- Roland Dumas, French lawyer and Socialist politician
- François Hollande, President of France
- Adrienne Jablanczy, French economist, professor
- Pierre Mauroy, French Socialist Party politician who was Prime Minister of France from 1981 to 1984
- Jean Peyrelevade, French civil servant, politician and business leader
- Peter Scholl-Latour, French-German professor, journalist and publicis

## Notable teachers

- Dominique Strauss-Kahn, French politician, economist

## More reading

- Sciences Po Paris website
- Richard Descoings, _Sciences Po. De la Courneuve à Shanghai_, préface de René Rémond, Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 2007 ()
Work (Rihanna song)

**"Work"** is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It is from her eighth studio album, _Anti_.  The song features Canadian rapper Drake.  It was released on March 18, 2016. It was the most heard song for its first day on the over 1,200 stations monitored by Nielsen music.  A few hours after its release, it was sent to digital outlets such as iTunes and Google Play Music.  Rihanna announced via Twitter that "Work" was the lead single for _Anti_.  In June 2017, the song was certified sextuple-Platinum in the US for sales and streams equal to six million copies.

The song was nominated for Record of the Year and for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017.

## Chart performance

The song reached number one on the iTunes charts of over 70 countries.  "Work" debuted at number 9 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100, which made her one of the artists with the fifth-most top-ten singles in _Billboard_ history (with 27 top-ten songs), along with singer-songwriters Mariah Carey, Janet Jackson, and Elton John.  In addition, the song also managed to enter the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number one.  "Work" reached number two in the UK, number five in Australia, and topped the charts in Canada.  The song became Rihanna's 14th and Drake's second number-one single on the US _Billboard_ Hot 100.  Rihanna became the artist with the third-most number-one songs in Hot 100 history and the second-most for a female artist.  She passed Michael Jackson's record of 13 number-ones and is behind Mariah Carey's 18 chart-toppers and The Beatles' 20 number-one songs.  "Work" was the third longest-running number-one song of 2016, with nine weeks at the top of the _Billboard_ Hot 100 (The Chainsmokers' "Closer" featuring Halsey has spent 12 weeks at number one, and Drake's "One Dance" has spent ten weeks at the top).  The song was later replaced at number one by rapper Desiigner's first single, "Panda".

## About the song

"Work" is about a relationship that has turned bad and using work as a distraction from the relationship.  It is a reggae-pop and dancehall song.

## Music video

The music video was released on February 22, 2016, two days after Rihanna's 28th birthday.  It first appeared on the streaming service Tidal and was later uploaded to YouTube/Vevo.  The first half of the video contains scenes of a club and shows Rihanna performing Caribbean dance moves with short hair.  The second half is a different version of the video, which contains a couch and neon signs, while Rihanna, wearing much longer hair, sings to Drake, and is wearing a sheer shirt.  Drake is present in both versions of the video.

## Infobox (single)

- **name**: Work
- **artist**: Rihanna featuring Drake (rapper), Drake
- **album**: Anti (album), Anti
- **producer**: Boi-1da
- **chronology**: Rihanna singles
- **type**: single
- **prev title**: American Oxygen
- **prev year**: 2015
- **next title**: Kiss It Better (Rihanna song), Kiss It Better
- **next year**: 2016
Rover

**Rover** or **rovers** may refer to:

## Cars and motorcycles

- Rover (marque), British car brand in use from 1904–2005
- Rover Company (1885–1967), a British car maker
- Rover Group (1986–2000), a British car maker
- MG Rover Group (2000–2005), a British car maker, formerly the Rover Group
- Land Rover, a brand of 4-wheel drive cars by Jaguar Land Rover
- Rover (motorcycles), a British bicycle and motorcycle maker

## Space rovers

- Rover (space exploration), a vehicle that explores the surface of an astronomical body
- Lunar rover, a vehicle designed to move across the surface of the Moon
- Mars rover, a vehicle designed to explore the surface of Mars

## Sports

- A.F.C. Kempston Rovers, a football club based in Kempston, Bedfordshire, England
- Albion Rovers F.C., Coatbridge, Scotland
- Albion Rovers F.C. (Newport), Wales
- Blackburn Rovers F.C., England
- Blackpool Wren Rovers F.C., Lancashire, England
- Boston Rovers, a United States soccer team that competed in the United Soccer Association league in 1967
- Bristol Rovers F.C., England
- Doncaster Rovers F.C., England
- Fall River Rovers, a United States soccer club, based in Fall River, Massachusetts
- Forest Green Rovers F.C., Gloucestershire, England
- Paulton Rovers F.C., near Bristol, England
- Raith Rovers F.C., Kirkcaldy, Scotland
- Rochedale Rovers Football Club, Queensland, Australia
- Shamrock Rovers F.C., Dublin, Ireland
- Sligo Rovers F.C., Sligo, Ireland
- Tampines Rovers FC, Singapore
- Taringa Rovers Soccer Football Club, Brisbane, Australia
- Tranmere Rovers F.C., Birkenhead, England
- River City Rovers, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
Gooding County, Idaho

**Gooding County** is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. In the 2020 census, the population was 15,598. Its county seat is Gooding. It is named for Frank R. Gooding, an early 20th Century governor and United States Senator from Idaho.

## Communities

- Bliss
- Gooding
- Hagerman
- Wendell

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Gooding County
- **state**: Idaho
- **ex image**: HAFO snake river.jpg
- **ex image size**: 300px
- **ex image cap**: Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument
- **founded year**: 1913
- **founded date**: January 28
- **seat wl**: Gooding
- **largest city wl**: Gooding
- **area total sq mi**: 734
- **area land sq mi**: 729
- **area water sq mi**: 4.7
- **area percentage**: 0.6
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 15598
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Mountain
- **district**: 2nd
- **web**: www.goodingcounty.org/
- **named for**: Frank R. Gooding
Lost River, Idaho

**Lost River** is a city in Custer County, Idaho, United States. It had 42 residents at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Lost River is located at  (43.721785, -113.544931).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of .  of it is land and  is water.

It is named after the Big Lost River.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lost River, Idaho
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: Custer_County_Idaho_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Lost_River_Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Custer County, Idaho, Custer County and the state of Idaho
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of the United States, State
- **subdivision name1**: Idaho
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Idaho, County
- **subdivision name2**: Custer County, Idaho, Custer
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 21.56
- **area land km2**: 21.54
- **area water km2**: 0.02
- **area total sq mi**: 8.33
- **area land sq mi**: 8.32
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 42
- **population density sq mi**: 5.0
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: Mountain Time Zone, MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **area code**: Area code 208, 208
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 16-47890
Getúlio Vargas

**Getúlio Dornelles Vargas** (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was President of Brazil. He was the dictator from 1930 to 1945. His first 15-year long rule is known as the Vargas Era. Then he was elected President in 1951 and served until 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the longest of any President. He was second in Brazilian history only to Emperor Pedro II among heads of state. He favored nationalism, industrialization, centralization, social welfare and populism. Vargas won the nickname "The Father of the Poor". He was a supporter of workers rights and was very much an anti-communist. He committed suicide by shooting himself with a gun, after he was forced by the Brazilian military to resign from the Presidency.

In 2014, sixty years after his death, the movie _Getúlio_ which depicts the events that ended with his suicide, was made.
Custer County, Idaho

**Custer County** is a county in U.S. state of Idaho. In the 2020 census, the population was 4,249. The county seat is Challis.

### Cities

- Challis
- Clayton
- Lost River
- Mackay
- Stanley

### Unincorporated communities

- Ellis
- Goldburg

### Ghost towns

- Bayhorse
- Bonanza
- Custer

## Other websites

- Challis School District #181

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Custer County
- **state**: Idaho
- **ex image**: Yankeeforkstamp.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Mill used to process gold and silver ore at Land of the Yankee Fork State Park, Yankee Fork mining operations.
- **founded year**: 1881
- **founded date**: January 8
- **seat wl**: Challis
- **largest city wl**: Challis
- **area total sq mi**: 4937
- **area land sq mi**: 4921
- **area water sq mi**: 16
- **area percentage**: 0.3
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 4249
- **population density sq mi**: 0.88
- **time zone**: Mountain
- **district**: 2nd
- **web**: www.co.custer.id.us
- **named for**: General Custer gold mine
Bosler, Wyoming

**Bosler** is an unincorporated community in Albany County, Wyoming, United States, along the Laramie River.  It lies along the concurrent U.S. Routes 30 and 287 north of Laramie.  Its elevation is 7,080 feet (2,158 m).  Although Bosler is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 82051.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bosler, Wyoming
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated community
- **image skyline**: Bosler, Wyoming.JPG
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Some old buildings along U.S. Route 30 in Bosler.
- **pushpin map**: USA Wyoming
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of Wyoming
- **map caption**: Location within Albany county
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of the United States, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wyoming
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wyoming, County
- **subdivision name2**: Albany County, Wyoming, Albany
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2000, 2000
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **elevation ft**: 7080
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 82051
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1585790
Gordon Goody

**Gordon Goody** (11 March 1929 – 29 January 2016) was a British criminal and small businessman who was born in London, England.

He was known for playing a role in the Great Train Robbery in 1963, which was led by Bruce Reynolds.Goody was sentenced to 30 years in jail, but was released in 1975. A year after his release, he moved to Spain, where he opened a small business as a bar owner.

Goody died at his home in Mojácar, Spain, from a heart attack on 29 January 2016, at the age of 86.

## Other websites

- Great Train Robber Gordon Goody Confesses 50 Years On
- Great Train Robbers, Who Were They?
Powell, Wyoming

**Powell** is a city in Park County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 6,419 at the 2020 census.
Albany, Wyoming

**Albany** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. Its population was 31 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Albany, Wyoming
- **settlement type**: Census-designated place, CDP
- **image map**: Albany County Wyoming incorporated and unincorporated areas Albany highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Albany County, Wyoming, Albany County and the state of Wyoming.
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wyoming, County
- **subdivision name2**: Albany County, Wyoming, Albany
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 11.0
- **area land sq mi**: 11.0
- **area water sq mi**: 0
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 31
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **elevation m**: 2538
- **elevation ft**: 8327
- **area code**: Area code 307, 307
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 56-00680
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1597700
Centennial, Wyoming

**Centennial** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 283 at the 2020 census.
Ellis, Idaho

**Ellis** is an unincorporated community in Custer County, Idaho, United States. It is located on U.S. Route 93  northeast of Challis. Ellis has a post office with ZIP code 83235.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ellis, Idaho
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated community
- **pushpin map**: Idaho#USA
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Idaho
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Idaho, County
- **subdivision name2**: Custer County, Idaho, Custer
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **elevation ft**: 4623
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 83235
- **area code**: Area code 208, 208
- **blank name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank info**: 381426
Lander, Pennsylvania

**Lander** is a unincorporated community in Farmington Township in Warren County, Pennsylvania.
Farmington, Ohio

**Farmington** is an unincorporated community in Belmont County, Ohio, United States.

## History

Farmington was laid out in 1818. A former variant name of Farmington was Cope. A post office called Cope was established in 1874, and operated until 1895.
Hershey, Pennsylvania

**Hershey** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. Hershey's chocolates are made in Hershey, which was founded by candy magnate Milton S. Hershey.

The community is located  east of Harrisburg and is part of the Harrisburg−Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 13,858 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Hershey
- **settlement type**: Census-designated place
- **motto**: The Sweetest Place on Earth
- **image skyline**: Hershey, Pennsylvania (cropped).JPG
- **image caption**: Downtown Hershey at the intersection of Chocolate and Cocoa avenues
- **image map**: Dauphin County Pennsylvania incorporated and unincorporated areas Hershey highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 300px
- **map caption**: Location of Hershey in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, Dauphin County (left) and of Dauphin County in Pennsylvania (right)
- **pushpin map**: Pennsylvania#USA
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Pennsylvania
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Pennsylvania, County
- **subdivision name2**: Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, Dauphin
- **subdivision type3**: Township (Pennsylvania), Township
- **subdivision name3**: Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, Derry
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 37.34
- **area land km2**: 37.03
- **area water km2**: 0.30
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 13858
- **population density km2**: 374.23
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 411
- **postal code**: 17033
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **area code**: Area code 717, 717
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 34-71385
- **blank1 name**: GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1176895
- **area total sq mi**: 14.42
- **area land sq mi**: 14.30
- **area water sq mi**: 0.12
- **population density sq mi**: 969.23
- **pushpin label**: Hershey
Lovell, Ohio

**Lovell** is an unincorporated community in Wyandot County, Ohio.

## History

Lovell was founded in the 1870s soon when the railroad was extended to that point. A post office was established at Lovell in 1877, and operated until 1909. The community was named for its founder, Lovell B. Harris.
Agnès Varda

**Agnès Varda** (30 May 1928 – 29 March 2019) was a French movie director and producer, screenwriter, editor, actress, artist, photographer. She was also a professor at the European Graduate School.

Her movies, photographs, and artworks focused on realism, feminist issues, and social commentary with a distinct experimental style. Movie historians have cited Varda's work as central to the development of the French New Wave movie movement. She was known for her works _Cleo de 5 a 7_, _La Pointe Courte_, and _Vagabond_.

Varda was born in Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium to French parents. She studied at École des Beaux-Arts. Varda was married to Jacques Demy from 1962 until his death in 1990. They had one daughter, Rosalie.

Varda died of cancer on 29 March 2019 in Paris, at the age of 90.

## Awards and honours

- Golden Lion of the Venice Film Festival for _Vagabond_/_Without Roof or Rule_
- 2002 - _René Clair Award_.
- 2009 - _The Beaches of Agnès_ won the César Award for best documentary film
- 12 April 2009 - made Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur
- May 2010 - Directors' Fortnight's 8th Carosse d'Or award for lifetime achievement at the Cannes Film Festival
- 14 May 2013 - promoted to Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit of France
- 10 August 2014 -Leopard of Honour award at the 67th Locarno Film Festival
- 13 December 2014 - Lifetime Achievement Award from the European Film Academy
- 24 May 2015 - honorary Palme d'or

## Other websites

- Agnès Varda  Faculty Page @ European Graduate School Biography, bibliography, films and quotes.
- Watch 17 films of Agnes Varda at www.dafilms.com
- Biography on newwavefilm.com
- Ciné-Tamaris
- Jonathan Romney, _The Beaches of Agnès_ (_Sight & Sound_ 'Film of the Month')
- _"A Talk: Agnès Varda ,"_ 2009, (Frieze Foundation Talks)
- Agnès Varda  talks about cinema and her work
U.S. News & World Report

**U.S. News & World Report** is an American media company that publishes news, opinions, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis. It was founded as a weekly news magazine in 1933. Since 2010, it mainly publishes its content on the internet. U.S. News is best known today for its influential rankings of colleges and hospitals. It has expanded its content on education, health, money, careers, travel, and cars.

The editorial staff of U.S. News & World Report is based in Washington, D.C. Brian Kelly has been the chief content editor since April 2007. The company is owned by Mortimer Zuckerman.

## Other websites

- , which includes:
    - U.S.News & World Rankings – Rankings main website
    - America's Best High Schools
    - Reviews and Rankings for the Best Cars and Trucks
Richard Sugarman

**Richard Sugarman** (born July 12, 1944) is an American academic and political advisor. He is a Professor of Religion and Philosophy at the University of Vermont. He has been called a "world-renowned expert on the Lithuanian-born philosopher Emmanuel Levinas." He is a political advisor to presidential candidate Bernie Sanders on his 2016 presidential campaign.

He studied philosophy at Yale and Boston University.

Sugarman is of Jewish descent. He is an Orthodox Jew and also a Zionist.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Richard Sugarman
- **birth name**: Richard Ira Sugarman
- **birth place**: Buffalo, New York, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Yale University
Boston University
- **occupation**: Academic, political advisor
- **spouse**: Linda Sugarman
- **children**: 3
Huck Gutman

**Huck Gutman** (born about 1944) is an American academic and political advisor. He is a Professor of English at the University of Vermont. He was the Chief of Staff to U.S. presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. He co-wrote Sanders' political memoir, _Outsider in the White House_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Huck Gutman
- **image**: Huck Gutman.jpg
- **birth name**: Stanley Gutman
- **birth date**: c. 1944
- **alma mater**: University of Vermont
Duke University
- **occupation**: Academic, political advisor and writer
- **spouse**: Bertha Gutman
Outsider in the White House

**Outsider in the White House** is a political memoir written by Huck Gutman and Bernie Sanders. It was first published as _Outsider in the House_ in 1997. It was republished in 2015, when Sanders ran for President of the United States. The book contains an afterword by journalist John Nichols.

The book talks about Sanders's support for the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. This law gives United States citizens the right to own guns.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Outsider in the White House
- **author**: Huck Gutman,
Bernie Sanders,
John Nichols (journalist), John Nichols
- **country**: United States of America
- **language**: English
- **subject**: Bernie Sanders, Politics of the United States
- **genre**: non-fiction
- **publisher**: Verso Books
- **release date**: 1997; 2015
- **pages**: 346
- **isbn**: 9781784784188
- **oclc**: 918986570
John Roper, Baron Roper

**John Francis Hodgess Roper, Baron Roper** (10 September 1935 – 29 January 2016) was a British politician.

Roper was elected Member of Parliament for Farnworth in 1970. He sat as a Labour Co-operative MP from 1970 to 1981, and for the Social Democratic Party (SDP) from 1981 to 1983, when he was also the party's Chief Whip. His Farnworth seat was then abolished, and he contested the seat of Worsley at the 1983 general election. He finished third in a three-way marginal election.

On 12 May 2000, he was created a life peer as **Baron Roper**, of Thorney Island in the City of Westminster. He was the Liberal Democrat Chief Whip in the House of Lords until 2005. He was then appointed to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom. In 2008, he was elected Principal Deputy Chairman of Committees. He retired from the House of Lords on 23 May 2015.

Roper died on 29 January 2016 after a long illness. He was aged 80.

## Other websites

- Lord Roper  profile at the site of Liberal Democrats
- Who's Who 2002 entry
Aleš Debeljak

**Aleš Debeljak** (25 December 1961 – 28 January 2016) was a Slovenian cultural critic, poet, and essayist. He was born in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. From the mid-1980s onwards, Debeljak took an active part in civil society movements. He was one of the co-editors of popular journal _Nova revija_.

Debeljak was killed in a car crash on 28 January 2016. He was aged 54.

## Other websites

- Personal Page (Faculty for Social Sciences, Ljubljana)
- Biography and bibliography
- Aleš Debeljak's "Without Anesthesia" in _Blackbird: an online journal of literature and the arts_
Augusto Giomo

**Augusto Giomo** (3 February 1940 – 27 January 2016) was an Italian basketball player. He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. He finished in fourth and fifth place. His younger brother Giorgio played for Italy at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born in Treviso.

Giomo died in Treviso, from cancer, on 27 January 2016. He was aged 75.
Paul Terasaki

**Paul Ichiro Terasaki** (September 10, 1929 – January 25, 2016) was an American scientist. He worked in the field of human organ transplant technology. He was the Professor Emeritus of Surgery at UCLA School of Medicine. Terasaki was born in Los Angeles, California.

In 1964, Terasaki developed the microcytotoxicity test. This is a tissue-typing test for organ transplant donors and recipients. It required only 1 microliter of antisera used to identify human leukocyte antigens (HLA).

Terasaki died on January 25, 2016 after a long illness in Beverly Hills, California. He was aged 86.

## Other websites

- See also its links to oral history video clips.
Słopnice

**Słopnice**  is a village in southern Poland. It is located in Limanowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Słopnice. It is located about  west of Limanowa and  south-east of the regional capital Kraków.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Słopnice
- **settlement type**: Village
- **image skyline**: Słopnice (36).jpg
- **image caption**: Panorama of Słopnice
- **image flag**: POL gmina Słopnice flag.jpg
- **image shield**: POL gmina Słopnice COA.svg
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Poland
- **subdivision type1**: Voivodeships of Poland, Voivodeship
- **subdivision name1**: Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Lesser Poland
- **subdivision type2**: Powiat, County
- **subdivision name2**: Limanowa County, Limanowa
- **subdivision type3**: Gmina
- **subdivision name3**: Gmina Słopnice, Słopnice
- **pushpin map**: Poland
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **population total**: 6,814
- **website**: [http://www.slopnice.pl Słopnice]