juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lunar dynasty

**Lunar dynasty** also known as **Chandravanshi, Somavanshi** or **Chandravamsa** was a mythological dynasty in ancient Indian texts. They are said to be descendants from the moon god Chandra. The Lunar dynasty was established by the Pururavas, who was the first ruler of the lunar dynasty, and he was a common ancestor of both the Kauravas and Pandavas.

According to the _Shatapatha Brahmana_, Pururavas was the son of Budha (himself often described as the son of Soma) and the gender-switching deity Ila (born as the daughter of Manu). Pururavas's great-grandson was Yayati, who had five sons named Yadu, Turvasu, Druhyu, Anu, and Puru. These seem to be the names of five Vedic tribes as described in the Vedas. According to the _Mahabharata_, the dynasty's progenitor Ila ruled from Prayag, and had a son Shashabindu who ruled in the country of Bahli. The son of Ila and Budha was Pururavas who became the first Chandravanshi emperor of the planet.

Ila's descendants were also known as the Ailas In Hindu texts, the Kurukshetra war that forms the subject of the Indian epic _Mahabharata_, was largely fought between rival branches of the Lunar dynasty, famously resulting in the hesitation of Arjuna away from war and the reprimand of his mentor Krishna. Krishna reminds Arjuna that dharma stands above everything and the text forms an integral cultural cornerstone for all four Kshatriya houses.

By the conclusion of the Kurukshetra war most of the Yadhuvanshi lineage is in peril. The sinking of Dwarka sees the destruction of the entire Yaduvanshi lineage with the exception of Vajranabh who was saved by Arjuna and later becomes the king of Mathura.
Agnivansha

**Agnivanshi** is a person who belongs to the Fire Dynasty of the Rajputs.

## Origin

According to Bhavishya Purana, When Parshurama destroyed all the Kshatriyas in the land, the Brahmin priests, headed by Sage Vasishtha, kindled a sacrificial fire at Mount Abu and prayed that they be granted protection by being given some warriors. In answer to their prayer, four heroes came out of the sacrificial fire-pit and these were the ancestors of the chief Rajput Clans - the Parmaras, the Pratiharas, the Chauhanas and the Chalukyas.

The Four Agnivanshi clans are :
- Parmar
- Pratihar
- Chauhan
- Bundela
- Baghela
- Dogra
- Solanki or the Chalukyas
Parmar

**Parmar** also known as **Panwar** or **Pawar** refers to clans of various communities of the Indian subcontinent.

## Related pages

- Pawar
- Pawar Koli
Canadian Tire Centre

**Canadian Tire Centre** () is an indoor arena in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, located in the western suburb of Kanata. It can be used for many purposes.

It opened in January 1996 as **The Palladium** and was also known as **Corel Centre** from 1996 to 2006 and **Scotiabank Place** from 2006 to 2013. The Ottawa Senators play hockey here.

On June 23, 2022, a proposal was accepted that would build a new arena in the LeBreton Flats area of downtown Ottawa. The arena will replace the Canadian Tire Centre as the new home arena for the Senators when it's built.

## Other websites

- Official site
- Ottawa Sports Hall of Fame

## Infobox (venue)

- **stadium name**: Canadian Tire Centre
- **former names**: The Palladium (January–February 1996)
Corel Centre (February 1996–2006)
Scotiabank Place (2006–2013)
- **image**: Canadian Tire Centre in 2023 (1) (cropped).jpg
- **address**: 1000 Palladium Drive
- **location**: Ottawa, Ontario
- **publictransit**: **OC Transpo**: OC Transpo routes#"Canadian Tire Centre Event" routes, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, OC Transpo routes, 62, 162, 261, 263
- **broke ground**: July 7, 1994
- **opened**: January 15, 1996
- **expanded**: 2005
- **owner**: Capital Sports Properties (an Ottawa Senators subsidiary)
- **operator**: Capital Sports Properties
- **surface**: Multi-surface
- **cost**: Canadian dollar, C$170 million
($ in 2016 dollars)
- **architect**: Rossetti Architects
Murray & Murray Architects (associate)
- **project manager**: ZW Group
- **structural engineer**: Carruthers & Wallace Ltd.
- **services engineer**: J. L. Richards & Associated Ltd.
- **general contractor**: PCL Construction, PCL Constructors/Bellai Brothers Construction Ltd.
- **main contractors**: Eastern Inc.
- **capacity**: Basketball: 22,500
Concerts: 22,500
Ice hockey: 20,500 (1996–2005)
21,153 (2005–2015)
20,694 (2015–2017)
20,572 (2017)
19,373 (2017–2018)
20,655 (2018–present) (at least 21,000 with standing room)
Lacrosse: 8,995
Theatre: 4,500–9,400
- **tenants**: Ottawa Senators (National Hockey League, NHL) (1996–present)
Ottawa Rebel (National Lacrosse League, NLL) (2001–2002)
Ottawa 67's (Ontario Hockey League, OHL) (2012–2014)
Ottawa SkyHawks (National Basketball League of Canada, NBL Canada) (2013–2014)
Matthew Flinders

**Matthew Flinders**  (16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814) was an English navigator and cartographer. He was the leader of the first circumnavigation of Australia and identified it as a continent.

Flinders made three voyages to the southern ocean between 1791 and 1810. In the second voyage, George Bass and Flinders confirmed that Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) was an island. In the third voyage, Flinders circumnavigated the mainland of what was to be called Australia, along with Aboriginal man Bungaree.

Heading back to England in 1803, Flinders' vessel needed urgent repairs at Isle de France (Mauritius). Although Britain and France were at war, Flinders thought the scientific nature of his work would ensure safe passage, but a suspicious governor kept him under arrest for more than six years. In captivity, he recorded details of his voyages for future publication, and put forward his rationale for naming the new continent 'Australia', as an umbrella term for New Holland and New South Wales – a suggestion taken up later by Governor Macquarie.

Flinders' health had suffered, however, and although he reached home in 1810, he did not live to see the publication of his widely praised book and atlas, _A Voyage to Terra Australis_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Matthew Flinders
- **image**: Matthew Flinders watercolour 1801 a069001.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **birth place**: Donington, Lincolnshire,
England
- **death place**: London, England
- **occupation**: Royal Navy Ships Officer
- **children**: Anne
Induction coil

An **induction coil** or "spark coil" is a type of electrical transformer. It is used to produce high-voltage pulses from a low-voltage direct current (DC) supply.  To create the flux changes necessary to induce voltage in the secondary coil, the direct current in the primary coil is repeatedly interrupted by a vibrating mechanical contact called an interrupter.

The induction coil was the first type of transformer.  It was widely used in X-ray machines, spark-gap radio transmitters,  arc lighting and quack medical devices from the 1880s to the 1920s.  Today its only common use is for **ignition coils** in internal combustion engines and in physics education to demonstrate induction.

## Key to diagram

- A = Armature
- B = Battery
- C = Capacitor
- G = Spark gap
- K = Interrupter
- M = Iron core
- P = Primary coil
- S = Secondary coil
Frodsham

**Frodsham** is a small market town in the county of Cheshire in the north west of England, north west of Chester, on the River Weaver, and overlooking the River Mersey estuary.

The town is of Saxon origin, its 11th century church is mentioned in the Domesday Book. When a salt refinery was opened in 1964, salt was brought by river from Northwich.
Great Western main line

The **Great Western main line** is a main line railway in England, that runs westwards from London Paddington to .

It opened in 1841 and was the original route of the old Great Western Railway. In 1948 it became the Western Region of British Railways. It is now part of the national rail system managed by Network Rail.

## Electrification

The line was electrified from Paddington to Heathrow Airport in the late 1990s. Work to electrify the rest of the route started in 2011. The aim was to complete the work all the way to Bristol by 2016. Parts of the programme have been deferred because costs have tripled. The four sections deferred are: Didcot to Oxford, Bristol Parkway to Bristol Temple Meads, Royal Wootton Bassett Junction to Bristol Temple Meads and the Thames Valley branches to Henley-on-Thames and Windsor.

## Train services

Most trains are operated by Great Western Railway.

## Infobox (rail line)

- **name**: Great Western Main Line
- **image**: Brunel's railway bridge at Maidenhead from the Thames Path National Trail, geograph 5893373 by Dave Kelly.jpg
- **caption**: Maidenhead Railway Bridge carrying the line over the River Thames.
- **type**: Commuter rail, Higher-speed rail
- **system**: National Rail
- **status**: Operational
- **start**: Paddington station, London Paddington
- **stations**: 25
- **open**: 30 June 1841 (complete line)
- **owner**: Network Rail
- **tracks**: Four (London to Didcot),
two (Didcot to Bristol)
- **electrification**: 25 kV AC, 25 kV 50 Hz AC Overhead line, OLE (London to Chippenham)
- **signalling**: Automatic Warning System, AWS, Train Protection & Warning System, TPWS, Automatic Train Protection (United Kingdom), ATP
- **map**:
- **map state**: uncollapsed
South Western Railway (train operating company)

**South Western Railway** (SWR) was an English train operating company owned by FirstGroup (70%) and MTR Corporation (30%) that operated the South Western franchise. It operated commuter services from its Central London terminus at London Waterloo to South West London.  SWR provided suburban and regional services in the counties of Surrey, Hampshire and Dorset, as well as regional services in Devon, Somerset, Berkshire and Wiltshire. Its subsidiary Island Line operated services on the Isle of Wight.
Marko Orlandić

**Marko Orlandić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Марко Орландић) (28 September 1930 – 20 December 2019) was a Montenegrin politician active during the 1970s and 1980s. In two terms, 1969–1971 and 1971–1974, he was a member of the Federal Executive Council. He was the Prime Minister from May 1974 to May 1978 and President of Montenegro from May 1983 to May 1984.

From 1979 to 1982, he served as Ambassador of SFRY in Soviet Union (USSR). He was one of the figures who called for Montenegro's independence.

After the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia, a new Yugoslavia was formed with only Serbia and Montenegro. Orlandić supported full independence for Montenegro. He wrote three books in Serbo-Croatian: _U Vrtlogu_ (1997), _U Predvečerje Sloma_ (2002), and _Crnogorsko Posrtanje_ (2005).

Orlandić died in Podgorica on 20 December 2019 at the age of 89.
Prime Minister of Montenegro

The **Prime Minister of Montenegro** (Montenegrin: _Premijer Crne Gore_) (_Premier of Montenegro_), is the head of the Government of Montenegro. The role of the Prime Minister is to follow and lead the work of the Government, and to submit to the Parliament the Government's Program.

The current Prime Minister, Milojko Spajić is the member of Europe Now! party and became prime minister in October 2023.

## List of prime ministers

|colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Head of government|rowspan="2"|Name <small>(Birth–Death)</small>|rowspan="2"|Elected|colspan="3"|Term of office|rowspan="2"|Political party|colspan="2" rowspan="3"|President|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan=2|1990 1992 1996|rowspan=2|15 February 1991|rowspan=2|5 February 1998|rowspan=2|6 years, 355 days|rowspan=2|Democratic Party of Socialists|align=center style="background: ;"||rowspan=2|<small></small> <small>(1990–1998)</small>|
|align=center style="background: ;"||||||||||||||
|1998 2001|5 February 1998|8 January 2003|4 years, 337 days|Democratic Party of Socialists|align=center style="background: ;"||<small>**Milo Đukanović** (1998–2002)</small>|||||||
|2002|8 January 2003|21 May 2006|3 years, 134 days|Democratic Party of Socialists|rowspan=7 align=center style="background: ;"||rowspan=7|<small> (2003–2018)</small>||||||
|align="center"|—|21 May 2006|10 November 2006|173 days|Democratic Party of Socialists|||||||||
|2006|10 November 2006|29 February 2008|1 year, 110 days|Democratic Party of Socialists||||||||||
|2009|29 February 2008|29 December 2010|2 years, 304 days|Democratic Party of Socialists||||||||||
|align="center"|—|29 December 2010|4 December 2012|1 year, 339 days|Democratic Party of Socialists|||||||||
|2012|4 December 2012||3 years, 358 days|Democratic Party of Socialists||||||||||
|2016||4 December 2020||Democratic Party of Socialists|align=center style="background: ;"||rowspan="3"|<small>**Milo Đukanović** (2018–2023)</small>||||||
|2020|4 December 2020|28 April 2022|__|Independent|align=center style="background: ;"|||||||||
|align="center"|—|28 April 2022|31 October 2023|__|United Reform Action|align=center style="background: ;"||||||||
|2023|31 October 2023|Present|__|Europe Now!|align=center style="background: #F1C851;"||<small>**Jakov Milatović** (2023–present)</small>|||||||

## Other websites

- Prime Minister of Montenegro

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: President of the Government
- **body**: Montenegro
- **insignia**: Coat of arms of Montenegro (seal).svg
- **insigniasize**: 80px
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of Arms of Montenegro, Insignia
- **image**: Milojko Spajić (2023-12-20).jpg
- **imagesize**: 155px
- **incumbent**: Milojko Spajić
- **incumbentsince**: 31 October 2023
- **appointer**: Parliament of Montenegro
- **termlength**: No term limit
- **salary**: 15,522 USD annually
- **formation**: 20 March 1879
- **inaugural**: Božo Petrović-Njegoš
- **website**: [http://www.gov.me/ www.gov.me]
Filip Vujanović

**Filip Vujanović** (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Филип Вујановић, ) (born 1 September 1954 ; in Belgrade,SFR Yugoslavia) is a Montenegrin politician. He was the 3rd President of Montenegro from 2003 to 2018. He was the country's first president since its independence in June 2006.

## Biography

In 1978, he graduated from the Law Faculty of the University of Belgrade.

From March 1978 to November 1980, he was an employee of the municipal and district prosecutor's office in Belgrade.

From November 1980 to January 1981, he worked as a court clerk at the District Court of Titograd.

In 1982-1993 he was engaged in advocacy.

From March 1993 to May 1995, Minister of Justice of Montenegro.

1995-1998, Minister of Internal Affairs of Montenegro.

From February 5, 1998, to November 5, 2002, Chairman of the Government of Montenegro as part of Yugoslavia.

Since November 5, 2002, Chairman of the Assembly of the Union Republic of Montenegro.

Since November 25, 2002, after the resignation of Milo Djukanovic he became acting president.

May 11, 2003 elected President of Montenegro; the inauguration took place on 22 May.

He was a supporter of NATO integration of Montenegro.

## President

On 5 November 2002, he became speaker of the Montenegrin parliament, and from 25 November 2002, he served as Acting President after Đukanović's resignation.  Vujanović ran in the December 2002 presidential elections but the result was invalid due to low turnout. The elections were repeated in February 2003, with Vujanović winning again, but turnout was still below 50%.  A third election was held on 11 May 2003, with the minimum turnout rule abolished, and Vujanović won with 63% of the vote.

On 14 December 2006, he signed an agreement to join NATO's "Partnership for Peace" program, making Montenegro a member. After that, President Vujanović and NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer held a press conference, where Scheffer praised Montenegro's choice to move towards European integration.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Filip Vujanović
- **image**: File:F Vujanovic (crop).jpg
- **office**: 3rd President of Montenegro
- **primeminister**: Milo Đukanović
Željko Šturanović
Milo Đukanović
Igor Lukšić
Milo Đukanović
Duško Marković
- **term start**: 22 May 2003
- **term end**: 20 May 2018
- **predecessor**: Dragan Kujović
- **successor**: Milo Đukanović
- **primeminister1**: Milo Đukanović
- **term start1**: 25 November 2002
- **term end1**: 19 May 2003

- **predecessor1**: Milo Đukanović
- **successor1**: Dragan Kujović
- **office2**: 2nd Prime Minister of Montenegro
- **president2**: Milo Đukanović
- **term start2**: 5 February 1998
- **term end2**: 5 November 2002
- **predecessor2**: Milo Đukanović
- **successor2**: Dragan Đurović
- **birth place**: Belgrade, Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia

- **party**: Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro, Democratic Party of Socialists
- **spouse**: Svetlana Vujanović
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: University of Belgrade
Igor Lukšić

**Igor Lukšić** (Cyrillic alphabet: Игор Лукшић), , born birth 14 June 1976) is a Montenegrin politician. He became acting Prime Minister of Montenegro with the resignation of Milo Đukanović. He was elected as Đukanović's official replacement on 29 December 2010. He became Prime Minister on 4 December 2012 and was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2016. He plans to become Secretary General of the Regional Cooperation Council in January 2022.

## Early life

Lukšić was born in Bar, Montenegro (then Yugoslavia). He finished elementary school and high school in his hometown.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Igor Lukšić
- **image**: Luksic portrait.jpg
- **office**: 4th Prime Minister of Montenegro
- **president**: Filip Vujanović
- **term start**: 29 December 2010
- **term end**: 4 December 2012
- **predecessor**: Milo Đukanović
- **successor**: Milo Đukanović
- **office1**: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Montenegro, Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **primeminister1**: Milo Đukanović
- **term start1**: 4 December 2012
- **term end1**: 28 November 2016
- **predecessor1**: Nebojša Kaluđerović
- **successor1**: Srđan Darmanović
- **office2**: Ministry of Finance (Montenegro), Minister of Finance
- **primeminister2**: Milo Đukanović
Željko Šturanović
Milo Đukanović
- **term start2**: 16 February 2004
- **term end2**: 29 December 2010
- **predecessor2**: Miroslav Ivanišević
- **successor2**: Milorad Katnić
- **birth place**: Bar, Montenegro, Bar, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia
- **party**: Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro, Democratic Party of Socialists
- **alma mater**: University of Montenegro
Duško Marković

**Duško Marković** (Cyrillic: Душко Марковић; born 6 July 1959) is a Montenegrin politician. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Montenegro from 28 November 2016 to 4 December 2020.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Duško Marković
- **image**: PM Dusko Markovic.jpg
- **office**: 5th Prime Minister of Montenegro
- **president**: Filip Vujanović
Milo Đukanović
- **term start**: 28 November 2016
- **term end**: 4 December 2020
- **predecessor**: Milo Đukanović
- **successor**: Zdravko Krivokapić
- **office2**: Deputy Prime Minister of Montenegro
- **primeminister2**: Igor Lukšić
Milo Đukanović
- **term start2**: 29 December 2010
- **term end2**: 28 November 2016
- **predecessor2**: Igor Lukšić
- **successor2**: Milutin Simović
- **office3**: Ministry of Justice (Montenegro), Minister of Justice of Montenegro
- **primeminister3**: Igor Lukšić
Milo Đukanović
- **term start3**: 29 December 2010
- **term end3**: 12 May 2016
- **predecessor3**: Miraš Radović
- **successor3**: Zoran Pažin
- **office4**: National Security Agency (Montenegro), Head of the National Security Agency
- **primeminister4**: Milo Đukanović
Željko Šturanović
- **term start4**: 5 May 2005
- **term end4**: 29 December 2010
- **predecessor4**: Position established
- **successor4**: Vladan Joković
- **birth place**: Mojkovac, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia

- **party**: Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro, Democratic Party of Socialists
- **alma mater**: University of Kragujevac
Momir Bulatović

**Momir Bulatović** (Cyrillic: Момир Булатовић; 21 September 1956 – 30 June 2019) became the first President of Montenegro in 1990 and was president until 1998. He was also Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1998–2000).

Bulatović died on 30 June 2019 in Raći, Podgorica, Montenegro from a heart attack at the age of 62.

## Infobox (prime minister)

- **name**: Momir Bulatović
- **image**: Momir Bulatović (cropped).jpg
- **nationality**: Montenegro, Montenegrin (by citizenship)
Serbs, Serb (by ethnicity)
- **order**: 1st President of Montenegro, President of the Republic of Montenegro
- **term start**: 23 December 1990
- **term end**: 15 January 1998
- **predecessor**: Position established
- **successor**: Milo Đukanović
- **order2**: 3rd Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Prime Minister of the FR Yugoslavia
- **term start2**: 19 May 1998
- **term end2**: 4 November 2000
- **president2**: Slobodan Milošević
Vojislav Koštunica
- **predecessor2**: Radoje Kontić
- **successor2**: Zoran Žižić
- **office3**: Opposition (Montenegro), Leader of the Opposition
- **term start3**: 31 May 1998
- **term end3**: 24 September 2000
- **predecessor3**: Novak Kilibarda
- **successor3**: Predrag Bulatović
- **birth place**: Belgrade, People's Republic of Serbia, PR Serbia, Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, FPR Yugoslavia
- **death place**: Kuči, Raći, Podgorica Capital City, Podgorica, Montenegro
- **party**: League of Communists of Yugoslavia, SKJ
Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro, DPS
Socialist People's Party of Montenegro, SNP
People's Socialist Party of Montenegro, NSS
Veljko Bulajić

**Veljko Bulajić** (22 March 1928 – 3 April 2024) was a Croatian Montenegrin movie director.

Bulajić was a resistance fighter in World War II having joined the Yugoslav Partisans  group at the age of 13.

Some of his best known movies were _Kozara_ and _Battle of Neretva_. According to the Croatian Public Broadcasting Company, his movies have reached an audience of 500 million viewers worldwide. The top four most viewed Yugoslav films of all time were all directed by Bulajic.

Bulajić died on 3 April 2024 in Zagreb, Croatia at the age of 96.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Veljko Bulajić
- **image**: Stevan Kragujevic, Veljko Bulajic, 1969.JPG
- **caption**: Bulajić in 1969
- **birth place**: Vilusi, Nikšić, Vilusi, Kingdom of Yugoslavia
- **death place**: Zagreb, Croatia
- **yearsactive**: 1953–2024
- **spouse**: Vlasta Bulajić
- **education**: Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia
- **occupation**: Film director
- **notable works**: _Vlak bez voznog reda_, _Kozara (film), Kozara_, _Bitka na Neretvi_, _Veliki transport_
Hans Kronberger

**Hans Kronberger** (May 9, 1951 in Hall bei Admont, Styria – July 14, 2018 in Vienna) was an Austrian politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament from Austria. He was a parliamentary member of the Freedom Party of Austria. He served as an MEP from 1996 to 2004.
Gary Beach

**Gary Beach** (October 10, 1947 – July 17, 2018) was an American actor and singer. He was born in Alexandria, Virginia. Beach was best known for the role of Roger De Bris in both the stage and movie productions of _The Producers_. He won a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical and Drama Desk Award in 2001.

Beach died on July 17, 2018 in Palm Springs, California at the age of 70.

## Other websites

- Gary Beach - _Downstage Center_ 2005 interview at American Theatre Wing.org
João Semedo

**João Pedro Furtado da Cunha Semedo** (20 June 1951 – 17 July 2018), was a Portuguese physician and politician. He was a member of Assembly of the Republic from March 2006 to March 2015. He was born in Lisbon.

Semedo died on 17 July 2018 in Lisbon at the age of 67.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: João Semedo
- **image**: João_m_Semedo.jpg
- **office**: Member of Assembly of the Republic (Portugal), Assembly of the Republic
- **term start**: 8 March 2006
- **term end**: 13 March 2015
- **office2**: Co-coordinator of Left Bloc, Bloco de Esquerda
- **term start2**: 2012
- **term end2**: 2014
- **birth place**: Lisbon, Portugal
- **death place**: Lisbon, Portugal
- **alma mater**: University of Lisbon
- **occupation**: Pulmonologist and Politician
- **party**: Left Bloc, Bloco de Esquerda
Portuguese Communist Party
Adrian Cronauer

**Adrian Cronauer** (September 8, 1938 – July 18, 2018) was a United States Air Force sergeant and radio personality. His work as a disc jockey on American Forces Network during the Vietnam War inspired the 1987 movie _Good Morning, Vietnam_. He was played by Robin Williams.

Cronauer died on July 18, 2018, at his home in Troutville, Virginia after a long illness, aged 79.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Adrian Cronauer
- **image**: Adrian Cronauer 2 crop.jpg
- **image size**: 225px
- **caption**: Cronauer in 2006
- **birth place**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Troutville, Virginia, U.S.
- **occupation**: Radio personality
- **spouse**: Jeane Steppe
- **children**: 2
Gopaldas Neeraj

**Gopaldas Saxena 'Neeraj** (popularly known as **Niraj** or **Neeraj**; 4 January 1925 – 18 July 2018) was an Indian poet and author. He was also a famous poet of Hindi Kavi sammelan. He was born in the village of Puravali near Mahewa of Etawah in Uttar Pradesh, India.

He wrote under the pen name "Neeraj". His style is easy to understand and thought to be high quality Hindi literature. He was awarded Padma Shri in 1991 and Padma Bhushan in 2007.

On 18 July 2018, Neeraj died from a respiratory tract infection at a Delhi hospital, aged 93.

## Other websites

- Get All Poems of Gopaldas Neeraj at Hindi Sahitya

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gopaldas Neeraj
- **image**: Poet Gopaldas Neeraj.jpg
- **birth name**: Gopaldas Saxena Neeraj
- **birth place**: Puravali, Uttar Pradesh, British India
- **death place**: Delhi, India
- **occupation**: poet, songwriter
Burton Richter

**Burton Richter** (March 22, 1931 – July 18, 2018) was an American physicist. He was a Nobel Prize winner. He led the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) team. He co-discovered the J/ψ meson in 1974. This discovery was part of the so-called November Revolution of particle physics. He was the SLAC director from 1984 to 1999.

Richter died on July 18, 2018 in Palo Alto, California at the age of 87.

## Other websites

- Nobelprize.org autobiography
- Nobel Lecture  (PDF format)
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 1976
- Richter Burton,  Nobel Luminaries Project, The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot
- SLAC press image
- Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Burton Richter
- **image**: Burton Richter - charm quark.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City
- **death place**: Palo Alto, California
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **work institutions**: Stanford University
 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
- **alma mater**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT
- **doctoral advisor**: Bernard T. Feld
- **known for**: J/ψ meson
- **spouse**: Laurose Becker (m. 1960; 2 children)
Geoffrey Wellum

Squadron Leader ** Geoffrey Harris Augustus Wellum** DFC (4 August 1921—18 July 2018) was a British Battle of Britain fighter pilot and author.

Wellum suffered severe sinusitis and battle fatigue after three years' intensive frontline flying. He returned from Malta to Britain, becoming a test pilot on the Hawker Typhoon, based at Gloster Aircraft.

He finished the war as a gunnery instructor, staying in the RAF, first as a staff officer in West Germany, followed by a four-year tour with 192 Squadron. He married Grace, his wartime girlfriend, and they had three children.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Geoffrey Wellum
- **image**: Geoffreywellum 140.jpg
- **caption**: Geoffrey Wellum in 2009
- **birth place**: Walthamstow, Essex, England
- **death place**: Mullion, Cornwall, Mullion, Cornwall, England
- **birth name**: Geoffrey Harry Augustus Wellum
- **servicenumber**: 42925
- **allegiance**: United Kingdom
- **serviceyears**: 1939–1961,
- **rank**: Squadron Leader
- **branch**: Royal Air Force
- **battles**: Battle of Britain
- **awards**: Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom), Distinguished Flying Cross
Rayo de Jalisco Sr.

**Máximino "Max" Linares Moreno** (November 22, 1932 – July 19, 2018) was a Mexican _luchador_ (professional wrestler). He was better known under the ring name **Rayo de Jalisco** ("The Lightning Bolt from Jalisco"). He was thought to be one of the best wrestlers of his generation.

During his career, Linares held the NWA World Middleweight Championship three times as well as the Mexican National Tag Team Championship with _lucha libre_ icon El Santo. He was added into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame in 1996 and the AAA Hall of Fame in 2014.

Linares died of congestive heart failure in Mexico City on July 19, 2018, aged 85.

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Rayo de Jalisco Sr.
- **birthname**: Máximino Linares Moreno
- **names**: Águila Negra
Dr. Curtis
El Rayo
Mr. Misterio
Rayo de Jalisco
Tony Curtis
- **height**: 170 cm
- **weight**: 93 kg
- **birth date**: November 22, 1932
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **family**: Rayo de Jalisco Jr. (son)
Rayman (wrestler), Rayman (granson)
Mitzuki Wong (daughter-in-law)
Tony Sugar (brother)
Black Sugar (brother)
- **billed**: Jalisco, Mexico
- **trainer**: Tony Sugar
Denis Ten

**Denis Yuryevich Ten** (; 13 June 1993 – 19 July 2018) was a Kazakh figure skater.

Ten was the 2014 Olympic bronze medalist, a two-time World medalist (silver in 2013, bronze in 2015), the 2015 Four Continents champion, the 2017 Winter Universiade champion, and a five-time national champion of Kazakhstan.

On 19 July 2018, Ten was stabbed in the thigh by two men who were trying to steal his car mirrors. Ten suffered blood loss and died in the Central Clinical Hospital in Almaty, aged 25.

## Infobox (figure skater)

- **name**: Denis Ten
- **image**: 2018 Olympics - Denis Ten - 1.jpg
- **caption**: Ten at the 2018 Winter Olympics
- **fullname**: Denis Yuryevich Ten
- **country**: Kazakhstan
- **birth place**: Almaty, Kazakhstan
- **death place**: Almaty, Kazakhstan
- **coach**: Frank Carroll (figure skater), Frank Carroll, Nikolai Morozov (figure skater), Nikolai Morozov
- **formercoach**: Rafael Arutyunyan,
 Elena Buianova,
 Tatiana Tarasova
- **choreographer**: David Wilson (figure skating), David Wilson
- **formerchoreographer**: Nikolai Morozov (figure skater), Nikolai Morozov. Stéphane Lambiel,
 Lori Nichol,
 Elena Buianova,
 Tatiana Tarasova,
 Irina Tagaeva,
 Mikhail Pochitalin
- **skating club**: Kiyal Almaty
- **currenttraininglocations**: El Segundo, California,
 Almaty
- **formertraininglocations**: Hackensack, New Jersey,
 Novogorsk
 Moscow
- **beganskating**: 1998
- **worldranking**: **31** (_2017–18 ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking, 2017–18_)
 **12** (_2016–17 ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking, 2016–17_)
 **3** (_2015–16 ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking, 2015–16_)
 **3** (_2014–15 ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking, 2014–15_)
 **5** (_2013–14 ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking, 2013–14_)
 **6** (_2012–13 ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking, 2012–13_)
 **16** (_2011–12 ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking, 2011–12_)
 **25** (_2010–11 ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking, 2010–11_)
 **18** (_2009–10 ISU World Standings, 2009–10_)
 **28** (_2008–09 ISU World Standings, 2008–09_)
 **81** (_2007–08 ISU World Standings, 2007–08_)
- **combined total**: 289.46
- **combined date**: 2015 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, 2015 Four Continents
- **sp score**: 97.61
- **sp date**: 2015 Four Continents
- **fs score**: 191.85
- **fs date**: 2015 Four Continents
- **show-medals**: yes
Luís Vaz de Torres

**Luís Vaz de Torres** was a Spanish explorer. Sometimes his name is spelled **Luis Váez de Torres**. He was born around the year 1565, and died in 1607. Today, he is noted for the first recorded European navigation of the strait which separates the continent of Australia from the island of New Guinea. The strait is now named after him (Torres Strait).

## Origins and early life

Captain Luis Váez de Torres undertook a voyage from 1606 to 1607. In this voyage, the crew called him a "Breton" in reports. One of the reports points to an origin in the northwest province of Spain, that is Galicia. Historians accept this as evidence of his origins. The year and exact place of his birth are unknown but he was likely born around 1565.

Torres has been presented as Portuguese, without any evidence other than his name. He is never called a Portuguese in the records but they note remarks made by crew members of the Portuguese origins of Pedro Fernandes de Queirós.

Torres entered the navy of the Spanish Crown and found his way to its South American colonies. By late 1605 he first entered the historical record as the nominated commander of the second ship in an expedition to the Pacific. The Portuguese born navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirós proposed him for the position.
The President's Keeper

***The President's Keepers: Those Keeping Zuma in Power and out of Prison*** is a book by an investigative journalist from South Africa about allegedly corrupt and compromised power networks in the government of President Jacob Zuma. It was written and published in 2017.

## Infobox (book)

- **italic title**: The President's Keeper
- **author**: Pauw Jacques
- **language**: English language, English
- **subject**: Politics
- **genre**: Non Fiction
- **pub date**: November 2017
- **pages**: 304
Variscan orogeny

The **Variscan orogeny** (Hercynian orogeny) is an ancient mountain-building event in the late Palaeozoic era. It was caused by a continental collision between Euramerica (Laurussia) and Gondwana to form the supercontinent of Pangaea.

It explains many older features of the present-day world. The Appalachians in North America and the Massif Central in France are two examples. Other examples are the Pyrenees, Sardinia, the Rhine Massif, the Anti-Atlas in Morocco. To the east, the Variscan caused the Urals, the Pamir, the Tian Shan mountains.

This geologic mountain-building event took place mostly in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. By then Pangaea was more or less complete. In the Triassic period of the Mesozoic, there was land between Siberia over the North Pole to Antarctica over the South Pole. Later in the Mesozoic, the opening of the Atlantic split Pangea. The various parts of the huge mountain belts ended up widely apart on the modern globe.

Higher mountain chains on present-day Earth are the product of a later episode of mountain-building known as the Alpine orogeny.
Pomarkku

**Pomarkku** () is a municipality in Satakunta in Finland. It's nearby Pori and Kankaanpää. The municipality has a population of 2,196 (31 August 2017).

In the civil war, Pomarkku had a big battle with several deads.

## Other websites

- Municipality of Pomarkku – Official website
Head-end power

**Head-end power** (**HEP**) or **Electric train supply** (**ETS**) is the electric power distribution system on a passenger train. The power source, usually a locomotive (or a generator car) at the front or 'head' of a train, provides the electricity used for heating, lighting, air conditioning, etc.
Switcher

A **switcher** (US) or **shunter** (UK) is a small railway locomotive used for assembling railway trains.  Switchers or shunters are geared to produce high torque but have a low top speed.
Jon Schnepp

**Jonathan D. "Jon" Schnepp** (May 16, 1967 – July 19, 2018) was an American producer, director, voice actor, editor, writer, cartoonist, animator, and cinematographer. His documentary movie _The Death of "Superman Lives": What Happened?_ (2015) was one of his best works. He regularly made appearances on _Collider Movie Talk_ and _Collider Nightmares_, and hosted _Collider Heroes_ each week.

Schnepp was also known for directing _Metalocalypse_.

On July 12, 2018, Schnepp suffered a massive stroke that left him under life-support. He died of complications of the illness a week later on July 19, aged 51.

## Other websites

- Jon's Twitter
Jean-Loup Dabadie

**Jean-Loup Dabadie** (27 September 1938 – 24 May 2020) was a French journalist, writer, lyricist, and screenwriter. He was born in Paris. Dabadie was a member of the Académie française. Dabadie was known for his works in _Anna_ (1967), _Such a Gorgeous Kid Like Me_ (1972), _Courage - Let's Run_ (1979), _Clara et les Chics Types_ (1981) and _Get Well Soon_ (2014).

Dabadie died at a Paris hospital on 24 May 2020, aged 81.

## Other websites

- L'Académie française
Loading gauge

A **Loading gauge** defines the maximum height and width for railway vehicles and their loads to ensure safe passage through bridges, tunnels and other structures. Classification systems vary between different countries and gauges may vary across a network, even if the track gauge remains constant.
L’Malouma Said

**L’Malouma Said** (; born 1972) is a politician and activist from Mauritania. In 2018, she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S Department of State.

## Life

L’Malouma Said was born a slave in Boutilmitt, Mauritania.  She was a leader in the El Hor movement (Movement for the liberation of Haratines) in Mauritania.  She helped to start the Mauritanian anti-slavery organization S.O.S. Esclaves.  She is married to Boubacar Messaoud, the current leader of S.O.S. Esclaves.

She was elected to the National Assembly of the Parliament of Mauritania in 2006 and 2013.

## Other websites

- 2017 and 2018  International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award 2018 (U.S. Department of State)
- S.O.S. Esclaves Mauritanie (in French, archived)
Silvia Bel

**Silvia Bel** (Catalan: **Sílvia Bel i Busquet**) (born June 24, 1970) is a Spanish actor of theater, film, and television.  She is known for the films Painless, The Next Skin, and Com si fos ahir. In 2012 she received the Margarita Xirgu Memorial Award for the best female performance of the Barcelona theater season for her part in "La Ciutat".

## Life

Bel was born in Barcelona, Catalonia, in Spain.  She was married to actor Karra Elejalde.  They had one daughter. She studied theater at the Institut del Teatre in Barcelona.

## Other websites

- Sílvia Bel
Titot

**Titot** or **Francesc Ribera i Toneu** (born June 26, 1967) is a musician and Catalan politician.

## Life

Titot was born in Berga, Berguedà, in central Catalonia, Spain. He started the musical group Brams in 1990. In 2000, he started the group Mesclat. In 2006, he started the group Aramateix.

In 2011, Titot was elected councilor in the Berga municipal election on the list of the CUP (Candidatura d'Unitat Popular) party.

## Books

- Ribera, Francesc. Entestat en la independència. Ara Llibres, 2008. ISBN 9788492406234.
- Ribera, Francesc; Creus, Jordi. Història de Catalunya al revés. La Magrana, 2012. ISBN 9788482643946.
- Ribera, Francesc. L'assassinat de Guillem de Berguedà. Ara Llibres, 2015. ISBN 9788415645634.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Titot
- **image**: Cultura contra la repressió DC73658 (40946629985).jpg
- **caption**: Titot in 2018
- **birth name**: Francesc Ribera i Toneu
- **native name lang**: Catalan
- **birth place**: Berga
- **origin**: Catalonia, Spain
- **occupation**: Musician, politician
Mascarats

**Mascarats** is a Catalonian rock and reggae musical group.

The group started in 2008 with the name "Amagau Todos" in the city of La Sénia in Catalonia, Spain. Later they changed their name to Mascarats.

Mascarats is a nickname given to the people of La Sénia. At one time, coal was produced La Sénia, and the people who worked there came out with black and dirty faces. They were called "masked". This name was being forgotten and the group wanted to revive it.

## Music

Their first album was "La veu del poble" in 2014.

Their second album was "Trencarem l'imaginari" ("Let's break the imaginary') in 2017. The album was released with a video: "Mai més presons" ("No more prisons'). The album was described as "fusing reggae and rock", and having a rebellious spirit with themes of feminism, internationalism, anti-capitalism, and political references. The album was produced at WZ Estudi in Borriol, Castellón de la Plana, Spain, and produced by Sam Ferrer. It featured Gemma Polo (vocalist from Roba Estesa), and backup vocals by Xavi Sarrià of Obrint Pas and Josep Nadal of La Gossa Sorda, and additional instrumentals by Joan Palà of Txarango on percussion and Héctor Peropadre of Aspencat on lute.

In 2015 their song "Sentiment comú" was chosen to represent the XXXVII Aplec dels Ports, a yearly festival of the historical port cities, that is in a different city every year.

In 2018 they recorded a video "Els carrers seran sempre nostres" ("The streets will always be ours") as a tribute to the October 1, 2017 Catalonia independence referendum and the September 20 arrests.

In July 2018 they joined the "Free Forcadell" campaign, a benefit for Catalan President Carme Forcadell, the release of the political prisoners, and the return of the exiles, along with musicians Maria del Mar Bonet, musical group Gossos, singer Gerard Quintana, actor Sílvia Bel, musicians Titot and Borja Penalba, and poet Roc Casagran, actors Joel Joan and Anna Sahún, and journalist Sarai Sarroca. The event was originally scheduled for July 21, but was changed to September 15 because of rain.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mascarats
- **landscape**: yes
- **caption**: The Mascarats in 2018
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: Amagueu-vos Tots, Maskarats
- **origin**: The city of La Sénia in Catalonia, Spain
- **genre**: Rock, reggae, ska
- **years active**: –
- **label**: Self-published with a micro-finance campaign
- **associated acts**: "Amagau Todos" 2008-2011
- **website**: [https://twitter.com/mascarats_grup Mascarats@mascarats_grup]
- **current members**: David Mingorance López (lead vocals)
Josep Subirats Puig (vocals and saxophone)
Jordi Garcia Jimenez (trumpet)
Alex Huguet Querol (bass)
Cristian Pepió Centelles (guitar)
Ferran Arasa Baila (trombone)
Carles Tomas Querol (drums)
Ignasi Iranzo i Ortí (keyboard)
Pau Ortiz Prades (guitar)
- **past members**: 2017
(_Trencarem l'imaginari_ album)
Xavi Sarrià of Obrint Pas (vocals)
Josep Nadal of La Gossa Sorda (vocals)
Gemma Polo of Roba Estesa (vocals)
Hector Peropadre of Aspencat (lute)
Joan Palà of Txarango (percussion)
2017
Robert Benet (drums)
Óscar Pla (bass)
Roc Casagran

**Roc Casagran** or **Roc Casagran i Casañas** (born 1980) is a Catalan professor and poet.  He received the _XIII Premi de poesia Parc Taulí_ (Parc Taulí Poetry Prize) for his work _L’ombra queixalada_ on the subject of the May 1968 student protests. He received the 18th Ciutat de Tarragona Prize for his work _Austràlia_.

## Works

Selected works:
- _Els carrers de les fàbriques_ (2002)
- _Trènicament trennificats_ (2005)
- _Austràlia_ (2007)
- _Un ós pan­da al pas zebra_ (2011)
- _Ara que estem junts_ (2012)
- _L’amor fora de mapa_ (2016)
- _Direm nosaltres_ (2018) ISBN 9788416743629.
Anna Sahun

**Anna Sahun** or **Anna Sahun Martí** (born March 13, 1975) is a Catalonian actor. Sahun is known for the movies "Agnosia", "The Hours of the Day", and "Temps de Silenci".  She is also known for playing the part of Lídia Almeda in the television series "La Riera".

Anna Sahun was born in Barcelona. She studied theater at the Institut del Teatre in Barcelona.

## Other websites

- Official website for Anna Sahun
Telling You

***Telling You***, also known as ***Love Sucks***, is a 1998 romantic comedy movie directed by Robert DeFranco and starring Peter Facinelli, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Matthew Lillard, Judge Reinhold and Dash Mihok. It was distributed by Miramax. Its filming location finds place in North Hollywood. It was released on August 7, 1998.

## Plot

Three college graduates find themselves back home in New Jersey stuck behind the counter of a pizza parlor and frustrated about their life's perspectives, while their friends move on, struggle to find a new direction for their lives. Dennis feels overtaken by those he outstripped at high school while Phil re-encounters an ex-girlfriend who is Tony's sister he left behind. In the meantime, dealing with problems created by some money missing from the restaurant, the trio begin meeting old acquaintances and trying to pull themselves up and reorganise their plans for the future.

## Cast

- Peter Facinelli as Phil Fazzulo
- Jennifer Love Hewitt as Deb Freidman
- Matthew Lillard as Tony Friedman (Deb's brother)
- Judge Reinhold as Adam Ginesberg
- Dash Mihok as Dennis Nolan
- Andy Berman as Howard Gurtler
- Robert DeFranco as Steve Fagan
- Gary Wolf as John Foley
- Richard Libertini as Mr. P
- Gina Philips as Kristen Barrett
- Jennifer Jostyn as Beth Taylor
- Frank Medrano as Sal Lombardo
- Jensen Daggett as Susan
- Shanna Moakler as Cheryl Tangeray
- Charlotte Ayanna as Allison Fazio (as Charlotte Lopez)
- Marc Bossley as Tommy Spahn
- Stephanie Brown as Michelle Itzo
- Gerald Jennke as Michelle Itzo's Neighbor
- Michelle Burke as Kristen's Friend (as Michelle Thomas)
- Andrea Tiano as Maria (Sal's Sister)
- Mike Muldoon as Jerry (Sal's Brother-in-Law)
- Jack Rourke as Murph
- Rick Rossovich as McQueeney (uncredited)
- Lorin Eric Salm as Lettuce Man
- John Bachelder as John Batchelder
- Stephen 'Bundy' DeFranco as Bundy
- Paul Anthony as Rough Stranger
- Kerri Kleiner as Allison's Friend
- Liz Reese as Telephone Montage
- Jennifer Foley as Amy
- Jon Cellini as the tough guy
- Joe Crusco as the Police Officer

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Telling You
- **director**: Robert DeFranco
- **producer**: Christopher DeFranco
David DuPuy
- **writer**: Denis Flood
Marc Palmieri
- **starring**: Peter Facinelli
Jennifer Love Hewitt
Matthew Lillard
Judge Reinhold
Dash Mihok
- **music**: Sean Hall
Russ Landau
Tom Romero
- **cinematography**: Mark Doering-Powell
- **editing**: Jonathan Cates
Louis F. Cioffi
- **studio**: Division I Entertainment Inc.
- **distributor**: CineTel Films
Miramax
- **runtime**: 94 min.
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
V509 Cassiopeiae

**V509 Cassiopeiae** is a yellow hypergiant in the Cassiopeia constellation. It is 900 times bigger than the Sun.
Alpha Herculis

**Rasalgethi**, (Arabic: رأس الجاثي ra‘is al-jāthī 'Head of the Kneeler'). also called as **Alpha Herculis**, is a red giant star. It is the brightest star in the Hercules constellation.
NGK (movie)

***NGK*** (which is a abbreviation for Nandha Gopalan Kumaran) is an Indian Tamil language political drama movie. It was written and directed by Selvaraghavan. This was his first time working with Suriya. Yuvan Shankar Raja is the music composer. The movie was produced by S. R. Prakashbabu and S. R. Prabhu of Dream Warrior Pictures.

The movie stars Suriya, Rakul Preet Singh and Sai Pallavi in the lead roles. The project was officially announced in November 2017 after completion of _Thaanaa Serndha Kootam_. The movie's pre-production began in January 2018. Principal photography began on 22 January 2018. It was released on 31 May 2019. This movie received mixed to positive reviews.

## Cast

- Suriya as Nandha Gopalan Kumaran
- Sai Pallavi as Keetha Kumari
- Rakul Preet Singh as Vanathi
- Bala Singh
- Mansoor Ali Khan
- Murali Sharma
- Sampath Raj
- Jagapathi Babu

## Production

Principal photography of the movie began on 22 January 2018. The first look of the movie and title _NGK_ were unveiled on 5 March 2018.

## Songs

|<abbr>No.</abbr>|Title|Lyrics|Singer(s)|Length|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|"Thandalkaaran"|Kabilan|Ranjith|3:38||
|"Thimiranumda"|Vignesh Shivan|Jithin Raj|3:56||
|"Anbe Peranbe"|Uma Devi|Sid Sriram, Shreya Ghoshal|4:30||
|"Pothachaalum"|Selvaraghavan|Shivam|2:04||
|**14:08**|||||

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: NGK
- **director**: Selvaraghavan
- **producer**: S. R.Prakashbabu
S. R. Prabhu
- **music**: Yuvan Shankar Raja
- **cinematography**: Sivakumar Vijayan
- **editing**: Praveen K. L.
- **studio**: Dream Warrior Pictures
- **distributor**: Reliance Entertainment
- **released**: 31 May 2019
- **runtime**: 2h 30m
- **country**: India
- **language**: Tamil language, Tamil
- **budget**: 62crore
- **gross**: 103crore
1000 Forms of Fear

***1000 Forms of Fear*** is the fourth studio album by Sia Furler, released in June 2014.