Montenegro

**Montenegro **(meaning** Black Mountain**) is a small country in Southeastern Europe. It is on the Adriatic Sea, between Albania (to the South) and Croatia to the North. Inland (to the East and South-East) it also has a common border with Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. For most of the 20th century it was part of Yugoslavia. It had also been independent before World War I and existed as a kingdom. Its leader is Jakov Milatović.

## History

Montenegro was an independent country during the 20th century, but after WW1 was united to the newly created Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Montenegro was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1918 until 1941 when Nazi Germany and the Kingdom of Italy invaded it in 1941.

In 1945 the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes became SFR Yugoslavia (SFRY). This was the time Montenegro became the Socialist Republic of Montenegro, a federated state in Yugoslavia along with Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, and Macedonia.

In 1948, Josip Broz Tito ended his friendship with Stalin. Yugoslavia became neutral and founded the Non-Aligned Movement.

In 1991, Yugoslavia started to breakup. A country named Serbia and Montenegro was formed in 1992. Montenegro came to exist when its people decided to split from the country Serbia and Montenegro on May 21, 2006.

Montenegro became a independent country after the Yugoslav Wars during the 1990s.

The national song is called "_Oj, svijetla majska zoro."_
Montenegrin Cyrillic: "Ој, свијетла мајска зоро."
_English: "Oh, Bright Dawn of May."_

## Economy and demographics

The size of the economy's GDP is $4.114 billion and it has 621,873 people in Montenegro in 2020. The traditional old capital of Montenegro is _Cetinje_, but Podgorica is the new capital. The country adopted the Euro unilaterally as Montenegro does not have its own currency, but the adoption has raised the national debt to 57 percent of GDP in 2011. The most professed religion is Eastern Orthodoxy at 72.1% and the second most is Islam at 19.2%.

## Related pages

- List of rivers of Montenegro
- Montenegro at the Olympics
- Montenegro national football team

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Montenegro
- **common name**: Montenegro
- **native name**:

- **image flag**: Flag of Montenegro.svg
- **image coat**: Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg
- **national anthem**:

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<div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"></div>
- **image map**: Europe-Montenegro.svg
- **capital**: Podgorica
- **largest city**: capital
- **official languages**: Montenegrin language, Montenegrin
- **languages2 type**: Languages in official use
- **ethnic groups year**: 2011
- **religion year**: 2011
- **demonym**: Montenegrins (demonym), Montenegrin
- **government type**: Unitary state, Unitary parliamentary republic
- **leader title1**: President of Montenegro, President
- **leader name1**: Jakov Milatović
- **leader title2**: Prime Minister of Montenegro, Prime Minister
- **leader name2**: :en:Milojko Spajić, Milojko Spajić
- **leader title3**: President of the Parliament of Montenegro, Speaker
- **leader name3**: :en:Andrija Mandić, Andrija Mandić
- **legislature**: Parliament of Montenegro, Skupština
- **sovereignty type**: History of Montenegro, Establishment history
- **established event1**: Principality of Duklja
- **established date1**: 625
- **established event2**: Kingdom of Duklja
- **established date2**: 1077
- **established event3**: Lordship of Zeta
- **established date3**: 1356
- **established event4**: Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro, Prince-Bishopric
- **established date4**: 1516
- **established event5**: Principality of Montenegro, Principality proclaimed
- **established date5**: 1852
- **established event6**: Treaty of Berlin (1878), Independence recognised
- **established date6**: 1878
- **established event7**: Kingdom of Montenegro, Kingdom proclaimed
- **established date7**: 1910
- **established event8**: Podgorica Assembly, Unification with Serbia
- **established date8**: 1918
- **established event10**: Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic
- **established date10**: 1945
- **established event11**: Republic of Montenegro (1992-2006), State union with Serbia
- **established date11**: 1992
- **established event12**: Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006, Independence restored
- **established date12**: 2006
- **area rank**: 156th
- **area km2**: 13,812
- **percent water**: 2.6
- **population estimate**: 620,739
- **population estimate year**: 2021
- **population estimate rank**: 169th
- **population census year**: 2011
- **population density km2**: 45
- **population density sq mi**: 124
- **population density rank**: 133rd
- **gdp ppp**: $11.994 billion
- **gdp ppp year**: 2020
- **gdp ppp rank**: 149th
- **gdp ppp per capita**: $19,252
- **gdp ppp per capita rank**: 63rd
- **gdp nominal**: $4.790 billion
- **gdp nominal year**: 2020
- **gdp nominal rank**: 153rd
- **gdp nominal per capita**: $7,688
- **gdp nominal per capita rank**: 73rd
- **gini year**: 2019
- **gini change**: decrease
- **gini**: 34.1
- **hdi**: 0.829
- **hdi year**: 2019
- **hdi change**: increase
- **hdi rank**: 48th
- **currency**: Euro (Euro sign, €)<sup>a</sup>
- **currency code**: EUR
- **time zone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **time zone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **date format**: dd.mm.yyyy.
- **drives on**: right
- **calling code**: Telephone numbers in Montenegro, +382
- **cctld**: .me
- **footnote a**: Montenegro and the euro, Adopted unilaterally; Montenegro is not a member of the Eurozone.