juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John C. Pemberton

**John Clifford Pemberton** (August 10, 1814 – July 13, 1881), was a career officer in the United States Army. He fought in the Seminole Wars and the Mexican–American War. He was commended (rewarded) for his performance in the Mexican–American War.

He also fought in the American Civil War. He commanded the Confederate army in the Siege of Vicksburg. He surrendered on July 4th, 1863.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: John Clifford Pemberton
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- **death place**: Penllyn, Pennsylvania
- **placeofburial**: Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **image**: John C. Pemberton.jpg
- **caption**: John Clifford Pemberton
- **allegiance**: United States, United States of America
 Confederate States of America
- **branch**:

- **serviceyears**: 1837–61 (USA)
1861–65 (CSA)
- **rank**:  Brevet (military), Brev. Major (United States), Major (USA)
Lieutenant General (CSA)
- **commands**: Army of Mississippi
- **battles**: Seminole Wars
Mexican–American War
American Civil War
Grypania

***Grypania*** is an early, tube-shaped fossil from the Proterozoic eon. It is regarded by some as the first known eukaryote.

_Grypania_'s status as a eukaryote is not absolutely proven. It might have been a giant bacterium or bacterial colony. Its size (over one centimeter) and consistent form, suggest it is a eukaryotic alga. The oldest known _Grypania_ fossils come from an iron mine near Negaunee, Michigan. The fossils were originally dated as 2100 million years ago, but later research showed the date as about 1874 million years ago. _Grypania_ lasted into the Mesoproterozoic era.

## Other websites

- http://www.peripatus.gen.nz/paleontology/MaiLinEvo.html
Celtis

***Celtis*** is a genus of about 60–70 species of deciduous trees. They are commonly called **hackberries**. They grow in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, in southern Europe, southern and eastern Asia, south to central Africa, southern and central North America, and northern and central South America.
Hatfield Chase

**Hatfield Chase** is a low-lying area in South Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire, England. It was often flooded. Hatfield chase was a royal hunting ground until Charles I tried to have it drained. He hired a Dutch engineer to drain the water in 1626. The engineer's name was Cornelius Vermuyden. He also changed the courses of the rivers Don, Idle and Torne. This included making drainage channels. But the project was not completely successful. More work was done in the 1760s to see to the problem of winter flooding. Modern pumps now work to drain the area. The history of Hatfield chase goes back to the end of Roman Britain.

## Location

On the west Hatfield Chase is bordered by the M18 motorway. The River Ouse is its northern border. The River Idle is to the south, and the Isle of Axholme borders the area to the east. It covers an area of around , including two large peat bogs known as Thorne and Hatfield Moors. Hatfield chase is part of the once vast Humberhead Levels, a wetland which originally covered some .

## History

Originally the region was called _Haethfieldlande_ or Hatfield. It was another minor Anglo-Saxon kingdom listed in the Tribal Hidage. Very little is known about Hatfield and nothing of its kings. Unlike other petty kingdoms in this area of Britain, the name here is of Anglo-Saxon origin and not British. According to the Tribal Hidage, 'Hatfield-land' was merged with Lindsey into a single kingdom. Afterwards it became known simply as Hatfield Chase, an area on the west part of Lindsey, later part of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Hatfield was the site of a synod held by Theodore, the Archbishop of Canterbury . It was a royal residence of several kings of Northumbria. Edwin of Northumbria was killed here at the Battle of Hatfield Chase on 12 October 633. Later, Hatfield chase became a part of the East Riding of Yorkshire.

Before the drainage and lowering of the water levels Hatfield chase was home to large numbers of aquatic birds. The waters were full of fresh-water fish.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **static image**: Idle Bank - geograph.org.uk - 910503.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>The South Idle Bank drain looking towards Tunnel Pits</small>
- **official name**: Hatfield Chase
- **country**: England
- **map type**: South Yorkshire
- **label position**: left
- **region**: Yorkshire and the Humber
- **shire county**: South Yorkshire
- **hide services**: Yes
Alexa PenaVega

**Alexa Ellesse PenaVega** (born August 27, 1988) is a Native Hispanic/Latino-American singer, musician and actress. She starred in lots of movies and TV series, among which are _Ghost Whisperer_, _Evening Shade_, _Twister_, _The Glimmer Man_, _Nine Months_ and the _Spy Kids_ movie series. Vega was born in Miami, Florida. She voices Carlota in The Casagrandes.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alexa PenaVega
- **image**: Alexa Vega 2013 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: PenaVega in 2013
- **birth name**: Alexa Ellesse Vega
- **birth place**: Miami, Florida, U.S.
- **years active**: 1993–present
- **children**: 4
- **relatives**: Makenzie Vega (sister)
NXT Tag Team Championship

The **NXT Tag Team Championship** is a professional wrestling tag team championship in WWE. The title is an NXT-only championship.

## History

The title was presented by special guest Shawn Michaels on the January 23, 2013 edition of _NXT_. He announced that there would be a tournament held to crown the first champions. A team called British Ambition (whose members were Adrian Neville and Oliver Grey) beat a team called The Wyatt Family (Luke Harper and Erick Rowan) to become the first champions on January 31, 2013 (but it could not be watched on TV until February 13). In their first match for the title, Neville and Bo Dallas fought the Wyatt Family because Grey was hurt badly and could not fight. Neville and Dallas lost. Neville and Corey Graves beat the Wyatt Family for the titles on June 20 (shown on TV on July 17) and Neville became the first wrestler to win the title twice. At NXT TakeOver: The End in June 2016, The Revival (Dash Wilder and Scott Dawson) became the first team to win the title twice by beating American Alpha (Chad Gable and Jason Jordan).

## Infobox (pro wrestling championship)

- **name**: NXT Tag Team Championship
- **image**: Undisputed Era April 2018.jpg
- **caption**: Longest combined champions The Undisputed Era (Kyle O'Reilly, Roderick Strong, Adam Cole, and Bobby Fish), with O'Reilly and Cole holding the second design of the belt (2017–present), and Cole also being NXT North American Championship, NXT North American Champion
- **currentholder**: The Vanity Project

- **won**: October 25, 2025
- **created**: January 23, 2013
- **promotion**: WWE
- **brand**: WWE NXT, NXT
- **firstchamp**: British Ambition

- **mostreigns**: As Tag Team (3 reigns):
*The Undisputed Era
As Individual (3 reigns):
*Kyle O'Reilly
- **longestreign**: The Ascension (professional wrestling), The Ascension

(364 days)
- **shortestreign**: Moustache Mountain

(2 days)
- **oldest**: Matt Hardy
(51 years, 14 days)
- **youngest**: Tyler Bate
()
- **heaviest**: The Authors of Pain

(629 lbs combined)
- **lightest**: Pretty Deadly

(347 lbs combined)
Al Plastino

**Alfred John Plastino** (December 15, 1921 – November 25, 2013) was an American comic book artist. He was best known as one of the most important Superman artists of the 1950s, along with his DC Comics colleague Wayne Boring. Plastino also worked as a comics writer, editor, letterer and colorist.

He co-created the DC characters Supergirl and Braniac, as well as the teenage team the Legion of Super-Heroes.

Plastino lived for many years in Shirley, New York, on Long Island. At the time of his death on November 25, 2013, after suffering from prostate cancer, aged 91.

## Other websites

- Cadigan, Glen. _The Legion Companion_ (TwoMorrows Publishing, 2003)

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Al_Plastino_in_2007.jpeg
- **caption**: Al Plastino in 2007
- **birth place**: Manhattan, New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Long Island, New York, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **notable works**: _Action Comics_
_Adventure Comics_
_Superboy (comic book), Superboy_
_Superman (comic book), Superman_
- **awards**: Inkpot Award 2008
William Atherton

**William Atherton** (born **William Atherton Knight**; July 30, 1947) is an American movie, stage and television actor. He is known for his roles as Richard "Dick" Thornburg in _Die Hard_ and in _Die Hard 2_ and as Walter Peck in _Ghostbusters_.

Atherton was born on July 30, 1947 in Orange, Connecticut. He studied acting at the Drama School at Carnegie Tech and graduated from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1969.
Troubadour

A **troubadour** was someone who composed and performed Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages.  A female troubadour is usually called a trobairitz.

Troubadour songs were mainly about chivalry and courtly love. Many were humorous or vulgar satires. A Troubadour was considered a profession with great honor.
Pope Dionysius

**Pope Dionysius** (??? − 26 December 268) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 22 July 259 until he died on 26 December 268. He was born in Greece.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: Pope Saint
- **name**: Dionysius
- **image**: Pope Dionysius St Paul.gif
- **image size**: 220px
- **birth name**: Dionysius
- **term start**: 22 July 259
- **term end**: 26 December 268
- **predecessor**: Pope Sixtus II, Sixtus II
- **successor**: Pope Felix I, Felix I
- **birth date**: ???
- **birth place**: Greece
- **death place**: Rome, Roman Empire
Food group

A **food group** is a collection of foods that have nutritional properties or biological classifications that are almost the same. People have written nutrition guides to put different foods into food groups and recommend daily servings of each group for a healthy diet.

## Common food groups

- **Dairy**, also called **milk products**, is sometimes grouped together with milk alternatives or meat. This is usually a small

er category in nutrition guides. Some examples of dairy products ae milk, butter, yogurt and cheese, and most nutrition guides put them in a different place from other food groups. Some groups, such as the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) have said that dairy products should not be a food group. The HSPH says that "research has shown little benefit, and considerable potential for harm, of such high dairy intakes. Moderate consumption of milk or other dairy products—one to two servings a day—is fine, and likely has some benefits for children. But it’s not essential for adults, for a host of reasons."
- **Fruits**, sometimes grouped together with vegetables, have apples, oranges, bananas, berries and lemons. Fruits are carbohydrates, like sugar, dairy, grains, and starches.
- **Grains**, also called **cereals** sometimes have potatoes and other starches. This is mostly the largest group in nutrition guides. Wheat, rice, oats, barley, bread and pasta are grains.
- **Meat**, sometimes called **protein,** can sometimes have legumes, eggs, meat analogues and/or dairy. In most nutrition guides, this group is usually a medium- to smaller-sized category. Some examples of meat are chicken, fish, turkey, pork and beef.
- **Sweets**, also called **sugary foods** sometimes has fats and oils. Sweets is mostly a very small group in nutrition guides, and sometimes this group is not included or is put apart from other food groups. Some examples are candy, soft drinks, cake, pie and ice cream.
- **Vegetables**, sometimes grouped with fruit and occasionally with legumes. This is usually a large group. Most times, only grains, are a larger group than vegetables in nutrition guides. Some vegetables are spinach, carrots, onions, peppers, and broccoli.
- **Water** is treated in very different ways by different nutrition guides. Some nutrition guides do not include water, while others include it, and yet others make it the most important part or basic part of the guide. Water is sometimes grouped with tea, fruit juice, vegetable juice and even soup, and is recommended to be drunk in large amounts.

## Uncommon food groups

The number of "common" food groups can change depending on who is defining them. Canada's Food Guide, which has been printed every year since 1942 and is the second most requested government document (after the income tax form) in Canada, recognizes only four official food groups, with all other foods called "another." Some of these "others" include:
- **Alcohol** is put away from other food groups and recommended only for certain people in moderation by Harvard's Healthy Eating Pyramid and the University of Michigan's Healing Foods Pyramid, while Italy's food pyramid includes a half-serving of wine and beer.
Taipei Grand Mosque

The **Taipei Grand Mosque** () is a mosque in Taipei, Taiwan. It is the first and largest mosque in Taiwan. The original building of the mosque was built in 1947.

## History

After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China (ROC) in 1945, the Chinese Muslim Association (CMA) in ROC capital, Nanking, established the preparatory committee to create the Taiwan branch of the CMA in 1947. Since there was no place for Chinese Muslim to pray in Taiwan at that time, they raised money to build the very first mosque in Taiwan which was located at Lishui Street in Taipei City. After they have finished constructing the mosque, Muslims started to pray there in August 1948.

After the Chinese Civil War in 1949, there were many Chinese Muslims fled Mainland China to Taiwan with the Nationalist (Kuomintang) government army. The first mosque was not enough to accommodate all of them, therefore they had to find a new place to rebuild the mosque. The new mosque was proposed by CMA Director-General Bai Chongxi and ROC Minister of Foreign Affairs George Yeh. The mosque was finally built at the Xinsheng South Street in Taipei. The mosque was inaugurated on 13 April 1960 by ROC Vice President Chen Cheng.

## Architecture

The mosque was designed by Taiwanese famous architect Yang Cho-cheng, the same architect who had designed the Taipei Grand Hotel, Chang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, National Theater and Concert Hall and many other buildings in Taiwan. The mosque was registered as a historic landmark by the Taipei City Government on 29 June 1999.

## Activities

The mosque houses the Chinese Muslim Association, the largest Islamic organization in Taiwan. It houses also the headquarter for the Chinese Islamic Cultural and Educational Foundation.

## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Taipei Grand Mosque
- **native name**: 台北清真寺
- **native name lang**: zh
- **image**: Taipei Grand Mosque 20060112.jpg
- **religious affiliation**: Islam
- **location**: No. 62, Sec. 2, Xing Sheng South Road, Da'an, Taipei, Taiwan
- **tradition**: Sunni Islam, Sunni
- **governing body**: Chinese Muslim Association
- **architect**: Yang Cho-cheng
- **architecture type**: mosque
- **general contractor**: Continental Engineering Corporation
- **year completed**: August 1948 (original building)
13 April 1960 (current building)
- **construction cost**: US$250,000
- **capacity**: 1,000 worshipers
- **dome quantity**: 1
- **dome height outer**: 15 meters
- **dome dia outer**: 15 meters
- **minaret quantity**: 2
- **minaret height**: 20 meters
Kaohsiung Mosque

The **Kaohsiung Mosque** () is a mosque in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. It is the second mosque to be built in Taiwan.

## History

The original building of the mosque was built in 1949 by the Nationalist Muslims whom mostly came with the Nationalist Army who fled from Mainland China after their defeat in the Chinese Civil War by the Communist Army. This wave of migration is considered to be the second wave of Muslim migration to Taiwan in the 1950s. The construction of the mosque was initially suggested by the Muslim public officers working for the Nationalist government.

The first mosque building was built at Wufu 4th Road in Kaohsiung City. After two years, they moved the mosque to a new bigger place at Linsen 1st Road in 1951 to accommodate larger crowds. In 1990, they moved the mosque again to its current location at the Jianjun Road. The mosque was opened on April 1992.
Taipei Cultural Mosque

The **Taipei Cultural Mosque** () is a mosque in Taipei, Taiwan. It is the third mosque in Taiwan.

## History

The mosque was originally built in 1950 at Roosevelt Road in Taipei. Because of the expansion of roads a few year later, the mosque was moved to Xinhai Road. It was reopened in 1983. The mosque was inaugurated by the Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to the ROC, Assad Abdul Aziz Al-Zuhair. The mosque was renovated on April 2010 with help from the Indonesian Economic and Trade Office to Taipei.

## Architecture

The mosque is a building with five floors. It has Islamic traditional culture and modern architecture.

## Activities

The mosque serves as the headquarters of the Chinese Muslim Youth League. It also houses the office of the Taiwan Halal Integrity Development Association, a group that issues Halal certification to food products produced in Taiwan for Muslims to eat. The mosque also has dormitories for Muslim travelers and foreign missionaries to stay.

## Funding

It is not like Taipei Grand Mosque, which is heavily supported by the ROC government and Kuomintang. Taipei Cultural Mosque depends heavily on private donations. This makes it a purely civilian mosque concentrating on religious affairs.

## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Taipei Cultural Mosque
- **native name**: 台北文化清真寺
- **native name lang**: zh
- **image**: Taipei Cultural Mosque.JPG
- **religious affiliation**: Islam
- **location**: No. 3, Lane 25, Sec. 1, Xinhai Road, Zhongzheng District, Zhongzheng, Taipei, Taiwan
- **tradition**: Sunni Islam, Sunni
- **governing body**: Chinese Muslim Youth League
- **architect**: Huang Mo-chun
- **architecture type**: mosque
- **year completed**: 1950 (original building)
1982 (current building)
- **minaret quantity**: 1
Taichung Mosque

The **Taichung Mosque** () is a mosque in Taichung, Taiwan. It is the fourth mosque in Taiwan. The original building of the mosque was built in 1951.

## History

After fleeing Mainland China at the end of Chinese Civil War in 1949, some of the Nationalist Muslim army resided in Changhua. Most of them did their prayers in some residential houses. To accommodate the growing number of Muslims in Taiwan, a mosque was planned to be built in 1951. The first location of the mosque was at Zhongxiao Road in Taichung City. When the number of Muslims grew, the new Taichung Mosque was constructed and reopened in 1990 at Dadun South Road.

## Architecture

Taichung Mosque is a building with three floors. It has shop, restaurant, dormitories and classroom.

## Activities

The library at the mosque is used as a place to spread information about Islam to the public.
Longgang Mosque

The **Longgang Mosque** or **Lungkang Mosque** () is a mosque in Taoyuan County, Taiwan. It is the fifth mosque in Taiwan. The original building of the mosque was built in 1967.

## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Longgang Mosque
- **native name**: 龍岡清真寺
- **native name lang**: zh
- **image**: Longgang Mosque.JPG
- **religious affiliation**: Islam
- **location**: No. 216, Long Dong Road, Zhongli District, Zhongli, Taoyuan City, Taiwan 320
- **tradition**: Sunni Islam, Sunni
- **architecture type**: mosque
- **year completed**: 1967 (original building)
1989 (current building)
- **construction cost**: US$712,000
- **capacity**: 150 worshipers
- **site area**: 1,300 m<sup>2</sup>
Victor Hasselblad

**Fritz Victor Hasselblad** (8 March 1906 in Gothenburg – 5 August 1978 in Gothenburg) was a Swedish camera designer and photographer. He was the founder and CEO of Victor Hasselblad AB, and the creator of the Hasselblad camera 1948. The U.S. space agency NASA chose the Hasselblad camera to be its official "place camera" and it was later used by astronauts on the moon.
Feeling Good

**"Feeling Good"** (or **"Feelin' Good"**) is a jazz ballad. It was written by English composers Anthony Newley and Leslie Bricusse for the musical _The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd_. It was first performed on stage in 1964 by Cy Grant on the UK tour and by Gilbert Price in 1965 with the original Broadway cast.

Nina Simone recorded "Feeling Good" for her 1965 album _I Put a Spell on You_.  The ballad was then performed again and covered by Michael Bublé and Muse, along with others throughout the years. The song has been also sampled in other recording artists' music.

In addition to Buble and Muse, the song has been covered by Sammy Davis Jr., Traffic, John Coltrane, George Michael, Victory, Eels, Joe Bonamassa, Eden, Black Cat Bones, Bassnectar, Sophie B. Hawkins, Leslie West, Avicii, Chlöe and Lauryn Hill. It was performed by John Legend as part of the Celebrating America performance marking the inauguration of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris on January 20th 2021.
God Bless the Child

"**God Bless the Child**" is a popular jazz ballad. It was first written in 1939 though not released until 1942. Billie Holiday sang the first version. Lisa Simpson (voiced by Yeardley Smith), made this ballad more popular in 1990-1991.
The Simpsons Sing the Blues

***The Simpsons Sing the Blues*** is an album of songs sung by the characters from _The Simpsons_. The songs are not on the television series, except for "Moaning Lisa Blues". The album was released in early December 1990. It included many songs, including "Do the Bartman" and "Deep Deep Trouble". The most notable, however, was Lisa Simpson's version of "God Bless the Child" (originally by Billie Holiday). That song was a major hit during early 1991.
George Monbiot

**George Joshua Richard Monbiot** (born 27 January 1963) is an English writer and activist. He writes for _The Guardian_ every week about environment issues. Seven of his books have been published. In 1995, Nelson Mandela gave him a _United Nations Global 500 Award_.

## Early life

Monbiot was born in Kensington, London. Both his parents worked in politics. He grew up in a house in Henley-on-Thames. He went to Stowe School. He then won a scholarship to study at Brasenose College, Oxford. He did a Master's degree in zoology there.

## Career

After he got his degree, Monbiot made radio programmes about natural history for the BBC Natural History Unit. Then he left and joined the BBC's World Service. He left to write his first book, _Poisoned Arrows_. Monbiot cast in the 2009 movie _The Age of Stupid_. In 2013, Monbiot's book _Feral: Searching for Enchantment on the Frontiers of Rewilding_ was published. In July 2013, he gave a TED talk about _Feral_.

## Personal life

Monbiot lived for a time in Wales with his wife Angharad Penrhyn Jones. He has since relocated to South Devon .
Bat For Lashes

**Natasha Khan** (born 25 October 1979) is a British singer-songwriter better known as **Bat For Lashes**. She is the daughter of Pakistani squash player Rehmat Khan. Her first album, _Fur and Gold_, was released by The Echo Label on 11 September 2006 in the United Kingdom. It got good reviews. It was nominated for the 2007 Mercury Prize. In 2008 Khan performed at some of the shows in Radiohead's tour. She did a cover of The Cure's song "A Forest". It was put on _Perfect as Cats: A Tribute to the Cure_. On 3 April 2009 her second album _Two Suns_ was released. It went straight to No.5 in the UK Albums Chart. Like _Fur and Gold_ it was nominated for the Mercury Prize but didn't win. The first single from the album, "Daniel", is her best-selling single so far. It has sold over 46,000 copies around the world. It won Best Contemporary Song at the 2010 Ivor Novello Awards. Khan sang a song with Beck called "Let's Get Lost" for the soundtrack to the 2010 movie _The Twilight Saga: Eclipse_. Bat For Lashes' third album, _The Haunted Man_, was released on 11 October 2012. Pitchfork gave it 8.4 out of 10.

In July 2013 Bat For Lashes released a single with Toy called "The Bride".

In 2013 Khan wrote and sung a song with Jon Hopkins called "Garden's Heart". It was released as a single. It is on the soundtrack to the film _How I Live Now_. Khan directed the music video.

## Other websites

- Official website
Ola Orekunrin

**Ola Orekunrin** (born 1986 / 1987) is a Nigerian-British doctor and entrepreneur.

## Early life

Orekunrin was raised by foster parents in Lowestoft. She started studying Medicine at the University of York in England when she was fifteen.

## Career

Orekunrin became a doctor when she was twenty one. This made her one of the United Kingdom's youngest doctors. She started a charity called Flying Doctors Nigeria Lt in Lagos in 2007. It is West Africa's first air ambulance service. In 2008 she was given the MEXT Japanese Government Scholarship. In 2012 she gave a talk at TEDxSendai and TEDxVictoriaIsland. She was on the cover of _Ladybrille magazine_. In 2013 the World Economic Forum put her on their list of Young Global Leaders.
Julianna Barwick

**Julianna Barwick** is an American singer. She was born in Louisiana. She has released three albums.

## Career

In 2006 Barwick released _Sanguine_. Her first album _The Magic Place_ was released by Asthmatic Kitty Records on February 21, 2011. It got good reviews. Pitchfork gave it 8.5 out of 10. On June 14 2011, _FRKWYS Vol. 6_ was released. It is an album that Barwick made with Ikue Mori. On August 20, 2013, _Nepenthe_ was released by Dead Oceans Records. Amiina play string instruments in it. There is also a choir of teenage girls in it. _Pitchfork_ said that it 'sounds like nobody else'. They gave it 8.5 out of 10. Barwick is currently doing a tour for the album.

## Other websites

- Official website
Dolmabahçe Palace

**Dolmabahçe Palace** is a palace in the Beşiktaş district on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey. It is on the coast of the Bosphorus. It was the official residence of the Ottoman Sultans and the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1856 to 1922 marking the beginning of constitutional governance. Construction of the palace started in 1843. After the Ottoman Empire ended in 1922 and Turkey became a republic in 1923, it became a museum.

## Other websites

- Dolmabahce Palace History, photos, opening hours and opinions
- Dolmabahçe Palace  Official website
- National Palaces in Turkey  Official website

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Dolmabahçe Palace
- **image**: Dolmabahçe Palace.JPG
- **caption**: Dolmabahçe Palace as seen from the Bosphorus
- **map type**: Turkey Istanbul
- **location**: Istanbul, Turkey
- **architect**: Garabet Balyan
- **client**: Ottoman sultans
- **start date**: 1843
- **completion date**: 1856
- **building type**: Palace (1856–1922)
- **owner**: Turkish state
- **style**: Baroque architecture, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical
Exeter College, Oxford

**Exeter College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. The full name of the college is "The Rector and Scholars of Exeter College at the University of Oxford". It was founded in 1314, making it the fourth oldest college at Oxford. The college was founded by the Bishop of Exeter, Walter de Stapledon.

Exeter first allowed women to enroll in 1979. In 1993, it became the first Oxford college to elect a female Rector, Marilyn Butler.

Famous people who attended Exeter college include authors J.R.R. Tolkien and Phillip Pullman.
Green Templeton College, Oxford

**Green Templeton College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 2008, when Green College and Templeton College merged. It is the newest college at Oxford.

The former Green College was formed in 1979, and was named after one of its largest donors, Cecil H. Green, the founder of Texas Instruments.

The former Templeton College was originally formed in 1965 as the Oxford Center for Management Studies.  It was renamed Templeton College in 1983 after John Templeton donated a large endowment.  In 1995, Templeton College was granted a charter as a graduate college of the University.

Green Templeton College is a graduate college only. It does not have any undergraduate students.

The college is located at the former Green College campus in North Oxford.  Its most notable building is the Radcliffe Observatory at the center of the campus.
Harris Manchester College, Oxford

**Harris Manchester College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. Its formal name is "Manchester Academy and Harris College". It was founded in 1786 as the Manchester Academy in Manchester. The college moved from Manchester to York in 1803. It moved back to Manchester in 1840 and began an association with the University of London. The college moved to London in 1853. In 1889, the college moved to Oxford, and a new campus, designed by Thomas Worthington was completed in 1893.

The college became a full college of the University in 1996. At that time, it changed its name to Harris Manchester College.

Harris Manchester College only admits students who are at least 21 years old.
Hank Green

**Hank Green** (born May 5, 1980) is an American YouTuber, author, and musician. He is the younger brother of John Green.

## Personal life

He lives with his wife Katherine Green, in Missoula, Montana. He was born in Alabama.

On May 19, 2023, Green announced that he had been diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma.

## Web projects

Hank and John have a YouTube channel called VlogBrothers. The brothers began the channel on January 1, 2007, when Hank made the channel's first video blog. Since then, Hank and John have been active on the channel, making videos back and forth. In the beginning of their channel's history, the videos were being made as a way to talk to each other without having to text. The two brothers made their goal to do this for a year, as a way to grow close to each other again, and called the project "Brotherhood 2.0."

Once 2007 ended, the brother said that the Brotherhood 2.0 project would end, but that they would continue making video blogs on the channel. Since then, the amount of fans of the channel, or as Hank and John call them, "Nerdfighters," have grown.

In 2007, Hank and John started "Project 4 Awesome," a charity fundraiser that takes place every year through the internet. Hank and John also started VidCon, a conference and convention held every year, beginning 2010.

In 2011, YouTube gave the Greens funds to start two educational channels, _Crash Course_, and _SciShow_. Hank hosts _SciShow_, which has videos on different science topics. On _Crash Course_, Hank teaches viewers science subjects, and started with biology.

In 2012, Hank made _The Lizzie Bennet Diaries_, a present-day adaptation of _Pride and Prejudice_, with producer Bernie Su. The show put up its episodes on YouTube, in a vlog diary style. Hank was an executive producer and a writer on the show. In 2013, the show won a Creative Arts Emmy Award in the "Interactive Media" category.

## Music career

Hank started a record label called DFTBA Records with Alan Lastufka in 2008.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hank Green
- **image**: Hank Green by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Hank Green at VidCon 2014
- **birth name**: William Henry Hank II
- **birth place**: Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.
- **occupation**: YouTube vlogger, musician, entrepreneur, author
- **relatives**: John Green (brother)
Kellogg College, Oxford

**Kellogg College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1990 as "Rewley House". It was renamed as Kellogg College in 1994 to honor large financial donations from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation.

Kellogg College only admits graduate students. It does not have any undergraduate students. It was the first college at the University to allow part-time students.
Palace of Fine Arts (Mexico)

The **Palace of Fine Arts** () is the most important cultural center in Mexico. It is located in the historic center of Mexico City. The building has several murals by Diego Rivera, Siqueiros and others. Exhibitions and theatrical performances take place here, including performances of the Ballet Folklorico de Mexico.

## Other websites

- Palacio de Bellas Artes website
- Palacio de Bellas Artes - Insight
Operation Restore Hope

The **Operation Restore Hope** was an operation of the United States and many of its allied countries in Somalia. The operation was protected by the United Nations. The United States was the leader of this operation. Somalia was in civil war and many people were dying from hunger in this country. The goal of this operation was creating suitable conditions and calming down the situation in Somalia for helping the Somali people who needed food in the southern part of this country.

After the killing of several Pakistani peacekeepers, the United Nations Security Council ordered the allied forces by the Resolution 837, that they can do anything for sending the humanitarian aid to the Somali people in accordance to Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. This operation was successful.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Operation _Restore Hope_
- **image**: UNITAF AO Feb 1993.jpg
- **caption**: UNITAF Area of Operations, February 1993
- **partof**: the Somali Civil War
- **date**: 9 December 1992 – 4 May 1993
()
- **place**: Somalia
- **result**: Multinational success
- **combatant1**: *
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*Others
- **combatant2**: United Somali Congress
- **commander1**: Boutros Boutros Ghali
 George H. W. Bush
 Bill Clinton
 Robert B. Johnston (UNITAF)
- **commander2**: Mohamed Farrah Aidid
- **casualties1**: **US:**
43 killed
153 wounded (Includes UNOSOM II casualties)
**Italy:**
3 killed
36 wounded
**Australia:**
1 killed
3 wounded
**Belgium:**
3 killed
2+ wounded
**Malaysia:**
1 killed
**Greece:**
1 killed
- **casualties2**: Not known
Apollo 8 Genesis reading

On December 24, 1968, the crew of Apollo 8 read from the Book of Genesis on a television broadcast of their mission as they orbited the moon. Bill Anders, Jim Lovell, and Frank Borman read verses 1 through 10, using the Authorized King James Version text. This was the most watched television broadcast at the time of its broadcast.

## Readings

- Bill Anders : "We are now approaching lunar sunrise, and for all the people back on Earth, the crew of Apollo 8 has a message that we would like to send to you.
 'In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep.
And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.
And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.'"

- Jim Lovell : "And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.
And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.
And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.
And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day."

- Frank Borman : "'And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.
And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.'
And from the crew of Apollo 8, we close with good night, good luck, a Merry Christmas – and God bless all of you, all of you on the good Earth."
Electric power distribution

**Electric power distribution** is the delivery system of electricity to places that use it, such as homes and other buildings. It is done mainly by power lines, transformers, substations and meters. The electricity comes from the power station at high voltage and is delivered at medium to low voltage levels.

In early days, electricity was distributed as direct current (DC). Alternating current (AC) was later introduced during the War of Currents. DC distribution disappeared because transformers can easily convert AC to high voltage for electric power transmission and low voltage to use at home.

## Configurations

- Radial network
- Loop network

## Related pages

- Nikola Tesla

Electric power distribution transformer solutions丨Welldone Power. _www.welldonepower.com_. Retrieved 2025-10-01.
Electricity meter

An **electricity meter** (or **energy meter**) is a device that measures the amount of electricity used by a house or business. Measurements are usually taken in kilowatt hours (kWh).

## History

Electricity meters became popular when more and more houses were connected to electricity in the 1880s. Instead of charging the homes based on how many electricity loads they had, charging on how much electricity they used became more accurate and fair.

### Electromechanical meters

This type electricity meter uses the force generated by current when passing through magnetic field to rotate a spinning disk inside the meter. The disk is then turn the number to indicate how much electricity has been used which is recorded by the meter.

### Electronic meters

This type of electricity meter converts electricity directly with an analogue-to-digital converter inside a microprocessor to get the exact electricity usage reading.

## Security

Electricity meters can easily be tampered with. This may allow the customers to use electricity for free. Tampering with electricity meters is illegal and can carry fines or legal actions.
Alicia Vikander

**Alicia Vikander** (born October 3, 1988) is a Swedish actress. She will play Alice Deane in _Seventh Son_. She has also been in lots of other movies, such as the 2015 _Ex Machina_ and the 2018 Tomb Raider.

Vikander was born in Gothenburg, Sweden.
Seventh Son

***Seventh Son*** is a 2014 action fantasy movie directed by Sergei Bodrov. The movie is set during the medieval period. In this movie are Julianne Moore, Alicia Vikander and Jeff Bridges. This movie was released in the United States on February 6, 2015. The studio which distributes _Seventh Son_ is Universal Pictures.
Hau Pei-tsun

**Hau Pei-tsun** (; 8 August 1919 – 30 March 2020) was the Premier of the Republic of China from May 30, 1990 to February 10, 1993. He was also a 4-star general in that country's army.

He was born on 8 August 1919 in Yancheng, Jiangsu. He studied at the Chinese Military Academy.

In the 1996 elections, he ran for vice-president as an independent. He ran with Lin Yang-kang, who was running for president. His party later collapsed and was expelled from the elections. His party's membership was restored in 2005.

He married Kuo Wan-hua and had two sons and three daughters. One of his sons is politician Hau Lung-pin, the former chairman of the New Party, and current Mayor of Taipei.

Hau died of multiple organ failure on 30 March 2020 in Taipei at the age of 100.

## Other websites

- Who's Who in Taiwan 2003
- Denny Roy, _Taiwan: A Political History_ (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003)

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Hau Pei-tsun
郝柏村
- **image**: 郝柏村院長.jpg
- **office1**: List of premiers of the Republic of China, Premier of the Republic of China
- **term start1**: 1 June 1990
- **term end1**: 10 February 1993
- **deputy1**: Shih Chi-yang
- **president1**: Lee Teng-hui
- **predecessor1**: Lee Huan
- **successor1**: Lien Chan
- **office2**: Ministry of National Defense (Republic of China), Minister of National Defense of the Republic of China
- **term start2**: 5 December 1989
- **term end2**: 31 May 1990
- **predecessor2**: Cheng Wei-yuan
- **successor2**: Chen Li-an
- **birth place**: Yancheng, Jiangsu, Kiangsu
- **death place**: Taipei, Taiwan
- **spouse**: Kuo Wan-hua
- **children**: 2 sons
3 daughters
- **party**:  Kuomintang
- **branch**: Republic of China Army
- **serviceyears**: 1938–1989
- **rank**: General officer, General
- **battles**: World War II
Chinese Civil War
Skin effect

**Skin effect** is the tendency of an alternating electric current to flow towards the perimeter of a conductor and leave the center part of the conductor without (or barely) any electricity flow. This effect increases as frequency increases.
Utility frequency

**Utility frequency**, **line frequency** or **mains frequency** is the frequency level of the AC electricity used in transmission and distribution from electricity generation sources to customers. The world's two major utility frequencies are 50 Hz (most, but not all, of the Eastern hemisphere) and 60 Hz (most, but not all, of the Western hemisphere).

Many electric railways in Europe use a frequency of 16.7 Hz (one third of 50 Hz). Early electric railways sometimes used 25 Hz (half of 50 Hz). New electric railways usually use the standard mains frequency of 50 Hz. Some lines in the northeast United States still use 25 Hz.
Rogelio Guerra

**Hildegardo Francisco Guerra Martínez** (8 October 1936 in Aguascalientes, Mexico – 28 February 2018 in Mexico City) or **Rogelio Guerra**, was a Mexican movie actor and television actor. He has also sometimes worked as a voice actor.

He appeared in over 200 Spanish sitcoms since his career began in 1957. He has also appeared on several international movies as a Spanish-dub actor such as Perry White in _Superman Returns_.

Guerra was born on 8 October 1936 in Aguascalientes, Mexico. He was married to Maribel Robles. Guerra died in Mexico City of a heart attack while suffering from complications of a stroke he had in 2015. He was 81 years old.

## Other websites

- Biography
- Rogelio Guerra information
- Rogelio Guerra on his career

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rogelio Guerra
- **image**: Roguelio Guerra.jpg
- **birth name**: Hildegardo Francisco Guerra Martínez
- **birth place**: Aguascalientes, Mexico
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1957 – 2014
- **spouse**: Maribel Robles
Power system harmonics

**Power system harmonics** are the harmonic contents from the utility frequency. Harmonics are one kind of distortion to a voltage or current's waveform. This distortion is produced by non-linear devices connected to the power system. Since equipment is made to work at the utility frequency, harmonics can make it work wrong. This is one kind of power quality problem. It increases heating in power equipment.

Harmonics can be eliminated or reduced by using harmonic filter.
Eric del Castillo

**José Eduardo Eric del Castillo Negrete-Galván** (born July 22, 1934) is a well-known Mexican actor who appeared in many telenovelas and movies. He appeared in over 200 television or movies related to Mexico or voice dubbing since 1960. He has won several awards throughout his career.

del Castillo was born on July 22, 1934 in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. He is married to Kate Trillo. They have two children. He now lives in Mexico City, Mexico.

## Other websites

- Eric del Castillo biography
- Interview
- Information about life and career
New College of Florida

**New College of Florida** is a public liberal arts college in Sarasota, Florida, in the United States. It started as a private college in 1960. In 2001, it became public.

## Notable alumni

Melissa Cristina Márquez

## Other websites

- Official website
Changhua County

**Changhua County** () is a county in Taiwan. It is the smallest county on the island, though there are smaller counties on some of Taiwan's other islands. The capital is Changhua City.

About 1.3 million people live in this county. It has the second-largest population after Taoyuan City.
Chiayi County

**Chiayi County** () is a county in Taiwan. It is in the southwest of the island. It surrounds Chiayi City but does not include it. The seat of the county's government is in Taibao City. Chiayi County is the sixth largest county in Taiwan. The National Chung Cheng University and Alishan are in this county.
Dušan Dragosavac

**Dušan Dragosavac** (; 1 December 1919 – 21 December 2014) was a former Yugoslav politician. He was a Serb from Croatia. He was the Chairman of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia from 20 October 1981 until 20 June 1982.

He died on 21 December 2014, aged 95.

## Other websites

- Dušan Dragosavac information

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Dušan Dragosavac
- **office**: President of the Presidium of the
League of Communists of Yugoslavia
- **term start**: 20 October 1981
- **term end**: 20 June 1982
- **predecessor**: Lazar Mojsov
- **successor**: Mitja Ribičič
- **birth place**: Vrebac near Gospić, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
- **death place**: Zagreb, Croatia
- **party**: League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ)
- **alma mater**: University of Zagreb
(Faculty of Law)
Pope Eleuterus

**Pope Eleuterus** (??? − 189) was thirteenth Pope, the official title is the Bishop of Rome of the Catholic Church from c. 174 to his death in 189. He was born in Nicopolis, Epirus, Greece.

In _Liber Pontificalis_, it says that they ascribe a decree to Pope Eleutherius that no kind of food should be despised by Christians(Et hoc iterum firmavit ut nulla esca a Christianis repudiaretur, maxime fidelibus, quod Deus creavit, quæ tamen rationalis et humana est).

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: Pope Saint
- **name**: Eleuterus
- **image**: Eleutherius.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **birth name**: Eleuterus or Eleutherius
- **term start**: c. 174
- **term end**: 189
- **predecessor**: Pope Soter, Soter
- **successor**: Pope Victor I, Victor I
- **birth date**: ???
- **birth place**: Nicopolis, Epirus, Greece
- **death date**: 189
- **death place**: Rome, Roman Empire
Underground cable

An **underground cable** is a cable that works below the ground. It may be protected inside a pipe called a cable duct, or it may be directly buried. Underground cables distribute electrical power or telecommunications. Such cables are an alternative to overhead cables, which are several meters above the ground. Overhead cables are often replaced with underground cables. Downtown areas with many tall buildings usually have few or no cables above ground, This is mainly for aesthetic purposes because underground cables can not be seen. They are also less dangerous to people because they are out of the way. They cost more to install, but last longer.

Identifying a fault in underground cable may be difficult because it cannot be seen or accessed by test equipment  Faults are usually one of three different types. They can be short circuit, open circuit, or the breakdown of cable insulation. It requires testers like Underground Wire Locator to identify the fault.
Pope Gelasius II

**Pope Gelasius II** (??? − 29 January 1119) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 24 January 1118 to his death in 29 January 1119.

He was born in Gaeta, Principality of Capua and died in Cluny, Duchy of Burgundy, Kingdom of France. He was ordained a priest on 9 March 1118 after he fled to Gaeta. He returned to Rome in July under Norman protection after he excommunicated Henry V and the antipope.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: Pope
- **name**: Gelasius II
- **image**: Pope Gelasius II.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **birth name**: Giovanni Caetani
- **term start**: 24 January 1118
- **term end**: 29 January 1119
- **predecessor**: Pope Paschal II, Paschal II
- **successor**: Pope Callixtus II, Callixtus II
- **birth date**: 1060/1064
- **birth place**: Gaeta, Principality of Capua
- **death place**: Cluny, Duchy of Burgundy, France in the Middle Ages, Kingdom of France
Hualien County

**Hualien County** () is a county in Taiwan. It is the largest county in Taiwan in terms of area. It is located on the mountainous eastern coast.

It contains the Port of Hualien. It is famous for tourism.
Kinmen

**Kinmen** (or **Quemoy**) is a small group of islands close to the coast of China. It is governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan). It forms a county, **Kinmen County** (), of Fujian Province. The capital is Jincheng Township.

The county is claimed by the People's Republic of China (PRC) as part of its own Fujian Province. It is very close to Xiamen, no more than 2 kilometres.
Matsu Islands

The **Matsu Islands** () are a small group of islands in the Taiwan Strait. There are 19 islands.

They are governed as a county of the Republic of China (ROC), **Lienchiang County** (). This county is part of Fujian Province. It is the smallest county in the ROC.