juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Strength training

**Strength training** is the use of resistance to muscular contraction to build the _physical strength_ and _endurance_. There are many different methods of strength training, the most common being the weight/gravity training and the training with the help of resistive equipment.

When properly performed, strength training can provide significant functional benefits and improvement in overall health and well-being, including increased bone, muscle, tendon and ligament strength, improved joint function, reduced potential for injury, increased bone density, a temporary increase in metabolism, improved cardiac function.

Training commonly uses the technique of progressively increasing the force output of the muscle through incremental increases of weight, elastic tension or other resistance, and uses a variety of exercises and types of training equipment to target specific muscle groups. Strength training is primarily an anaerobic activity.

Strength training differs from _bodybuilding_, _weightlifting_, _powerlifting_, and _strongman_, which are sports rather than forms of exercise, although training for them totally depends on strength training. Many other sports use strength training as a part of their training regimen, notably football, lacrosse, basketball, hockey and track and field.

## Some samples

Some samples of strength training exercises in a gym are shown in the picture gallery below.

## Basic principles

The basic principles of strength training involve a number of repetitions (reps), sets, tempo, exercises and force to cause wanted changes in strength, endurance, size or shape by overloading of a group of muscles. Specific combination of reps, sets, exercises, resistance and force depend on the purpose of the person performing the exercise: sets with fewer reps can be performed using more force, but have less impact on endurance.

## Related pages

- Calisthenics
- Exercise
- Flexibility training
- Healthy lifestyle
- Jogging
- Mixed martial arts
- Physical fitness
- Training
- Weight training
Naohiko Minobe

is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1984||rowspan="8"|Matsushita Electric||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 2||||||||||||||||
|-
|1985/86||||||||||||||||
|-
|1986/87||JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1987/88||JSL Division 2||||||||||||||||
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="4"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1989/90||7||0||||||0||0||7||0
|-
|1990/91||21||1||||||0||0||21||1
|-
|1991/92||18||1||||||3||0||21||1
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||2||1||2||1
|-
|1993||13||2||0||0||4||0||17||2
|-
|1994||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="2"|Football League||29||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||32||0
|-
|1995||13||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||13||0
101||4||3||0||9||1||113||5
101||4||3||0||9||1||113||5
|}

## Other websites

- Naohiko Minobe official site
Hitoshi Nakata

**Hitoshi Nakata** (born 17 January 1962) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Fujita and Otsuka Pharmaceuticals.

## References

- Tokushima Vortis
Karin Gayer

**Karin Gayer** (born 1969 in Mödling near Vienna) is an Austrian writer. She published poetry and fiction.

## Life

Karin Gayer was born in May 1969 in Mödling and lives today in Vienna. She began to study psychology but ended her studies before the end because she “could not find what she was looking for″. Then she worked in several social professions. Karin Gayer began to write literature at school. In the beginning she only published in Austrian literary magazines, for example in _Zenit_ and _Wienzeile_. Her first book made was printed in 2002 by the publisher Arovell Verlag.

## Books

- _Flechtwerk_, poetry and small prose, Arovell Verlag, Gosau 2002,
- _Vorgänge im Labyrinth_, poetry and prose (anthology, with 3 co-authors), Arovell Verlag, Gosau 2004,
- _Nachtfieber_, novel, Arovell Verlag, Gosau 2009,

## Other websites

- Arovell Verlag, Gosau (Upper Austria)
- Website of the writer
Franzobel

**Franzobel** is the pseudonym of the Austrian writer **Stefan Griebl**. He was born on March 1, 1967 in Vöcklabruck. He now lives in Vienna.

## Books

- Der Wimmerldrucker. Ein Lexikaroman. Eigenverlag, 1990.
- Thesaurus. Ein Gleiches. Gedichte. Eigenverlag, 1992.
- Das öffentliche Ärgernis. Prosa. Klagenfurt: edition selene, 1993.
- Überin. Die Gosche. Prosa. Ill.: Franzobel. Klagenfurt: edition selene, 1993.
- Masche und Scham. Die Germanistenfalle - Eine Durchführung & Das öffentliche Ärgernis. Proklitikon. Klagenfurt: Edition Selene, 1993.
- Die Musenpresse. Aus einem Roman von Margarete Lanner. Mit mehreren Bildnachweisen. Klagenfurt: Ritter, 1994.
- Elle und Speiche. Modelle der Liebe. Gedichte und Prosa. Wien: Das Fröhliche Wohnzimmer, 1994.
- Ranken. Prosa. Ill.: Carla Degenhardt. Klagenfurt: edition selene, 1994.
- Hundshirn. Prosa. Ill.: Franzobel. Linz: Blattwerk, 1995.
- Die Krautflut. Erzählung. Nachw.: Thomas Eder. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp, 1995.
- Schinkensünden. Ein Katalog. Klagenfurt: Ritter, 1996.
- Unter Binsen. [Mit Christian Steinbacher] Graz: edition gegensätze, 1996.
- Linz. Eine _Obsession_. München, Berlin: Janus Press, 1996.
- Der Trottelkongreß. Commedia dell'pape. Ein minimalistischer Heimatroman. Klagenfurt, Wien: Ritter, 1998.
- m. T. [mit Klangwerkstatt Berlin]. Siegendorf: NN-Fabrik, 1998.
- Böselkraut und Ferdinand. Ein Bestseller von Karol Alois. Wien: Zsolnay, 1998.
- Das öffentliche Ärgernis. Proklitikon. & Masche und Scham. Die Germanistenfalle - eine Durchführung. Wien: Edition Selene, 1998.
- Met ana oanders schwoarzn Tintn. Dulli-Dialektgedichte. Weitra: Bibliothek der Provinz, 1999. (In Anspielung auf H. C. Artmann)
- Scala Santa oder Josefine Wurznbachers Höhepunkt. Roman. Wien: Zsolnay, 2000.
- Best of. Die Highlights. o. O: Edition Aramo, 2001.
- Shooting Star. Klagenfurt: Ritter, 2001 (aufgrund rechtlicher Auseinandersetzungen vom Markt genommen)
- Mayerling . Die österreichische Tragödie. Stück. Materialien. Collagen. Wien: Passagen, 2002.
- Lusthaus oder Die Schule der Gemeinheit. Roman. Wien: Zsolnay, 2002.
- Mundial. Gebete an den Fußballgott. Graz, Wien: Droschl, 2002.
- Austrian Psycho oder Der Rabiat Hödlmoser. Ein Trashroman in memoriam Franz Fuchs. Bibliothek der Provinz, 2002.
- Luna Park. Vergnügungsgedichte. Wien: Zsolnay 2003.
- Das Fest der Steine oder Die Wunderkammer der Extentrik. Wien: Zsolnay 2005.

## Plays

- 1996 _Das Beuschelgeflecht_
- 1998 _Paradies_
- 1998 _Nathans Dackel oder Die Geradebiegung der Ring-Parabel. Eine Lessingvollstreckung_
- 1997 _Kafka. Eine Komödie_
- 1998 _Bibapoh_
- 1999 _Phettberg. Eine Hermes-Tragödie_
- 1999 _Der Ficus spricht. Minidrama für A, B, einen Volkssänger, ein Blumenmädchen und einen Gummibaum_
- 1999 _Volksoper
- 2000 _Olympia. Eine Kärntner Zauberposse samt Striptease_
- 2003 _Black Jack_
- 2004 _Flugangst_
- 2008 _Der Impressario von Schmierna''

## Other websites

- Franzobel's homepage
- Franzobel: New German dramatic art. Goethe-Instituts Website
Intonation (linguistics)

In linguistics, **intonation** is variation of pitch while speaking which is not used to distinguish words. (Compare tone.) Intonation and stress are two main elements of linguistic prosody.

All languages use pitch semantically, that is, as intonation, for instance for emphasis, to convey surprise or irony, or to pose a question. Tonal languages such as Chinese and Hausa use pitch to distinguish words in addition to intonation.

_Rising intonation_ means the pitch of the voice increases over time; _falling intonation_ means that the pitch decreases with time. A _dipping intonation_ falls and then rises, whereas a _peaking intonation_ rises and then falls.

The classic example of intonation is the question-statement distinction.
For example, northeastern American English, like very many languages (Hirst & DiCristo, eds. 1998), has a rising intonation for echo or declarative questions (_He found it on the street?_), and a falling intonation for _wh-_ questions (_Where did he find it?_) and statements (_He found it on the street._). Yes or no questions (_Did he find it on the street?_) often have a rising end, but not always. Some languages like Chikasaw and kalaallisut have the opposite pattern: rising for statements and falling with questions.

Dialects of British and Irish English vary substantially, with rises on many statements in urban Belfast, and falls on most questions in urban Leeds.

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, **"global"** rising and falling intonation are marked with a diagonal arrow rising left-to-right  and falling left-to-right , respectively. These may be written as part of a syllable, or separated with a space when they have a broader scope:

- _He found it on the street?_
Here the rising pitch on _street_ indicates that the question hinges on that word, on where he found it, not whether he found it.

- _Yes, he found it on the street._

- _How did you ever escape?_
Here, as is common with _wh-_ questions, there is a rising intonation on the question word, and a falling intonation at the end of the question.
Heinz Gerstinger

**Heinz Gerstinger** (born October 13, 1919 in Vienna; died April 28, 2016 in Vienna) is an Austrian writer, playwright and historian.

## Life

Heinz Gerstinger studied history and dramatics at the University of Vienna. He has worked for the universities of Graz and Vienna, as well as for theaters in Graz, Augsburg and Vienna. As he published in literary magazines and newspapers, he worked for the Austrian radio and television. Heinz Gerstinger was a member of the Austrian P.E.N. and the writers' association Österreichischer Schriftstellerverband.

### Movie

- As an actor: Bernhard Wicki (director): _Das falsche Gewicht_ following the book by Joseph Roth

### Literature

- _Calderón_, Velber Hannover, Friedrich 1967
- _Spanische Komödie - Lope de Vega und seine Zeitgenossen_, Friedrich Velber Verlag, Hannover 1968
- _Theater und Religion heute_, 1972
- _Der Dramatiker Anton Wildgans_, 1981
- _Österreich, holdes Märchen und böser Traum - August Strindbergs Ehe mit Frida Uhl_, Herold, Vienna 1981
- _Der Dramatiker Hans Krendlesberger_, Wagner, Innsbruck 1981
- _Wien von gestern - ein literarischer Streifzug durch die Kaiserstadt_, Edition Wien, Vienna 1991,
- _Frau Venus reitet... - Die phantastische Geschichte des Ulrich von Lichtenstein_, 1995
- _Ausflugsziel Burgen - 30 Burgen rund um Wien_, Pichler, Vienna 1998,
- _Altwiener literarische Salons - Wiener Salonkultur vom Rokoko bis zur Neoromantik (1777-1907)_, Akademische Verlagsanstalt Salzburg 2002,
- _Der heilige Dämon - Pope Gregory VII_,  Faksimile Verlag, Graz/Salzburg,

## Other websites

- Critical review on _Ausflugsziel Burgen_ , in German
Ingrid Reichel

**Ingrid Reichel** (born 1961 in St. Pölten, Lower Austria) is an Austrian artist, painter, essayist, and a reviewer of arts and literature.

## Biography

Ingrid Reichel has grown up in Kabul, Afghanistan and between 1967 and 1981 in Paris, France. Then she moved to St. Pölten, the capital of Lower Austria, where she still lives with her family. She had her first art exhibitions in 1991. Her works address sociopolitical topics. Ingrid Reichel is very active in the cultural life of St. Pölten and introduces children to arts and literature. Since 2005 she writes critical reviews, essays and portraits of artists. She is a directing member of the Literary Society St. Pölten (Literarische Gesellschaft) and writes also for its literary magazine _etcetera_.

## Exhibitions

- 1998: Cycle _Nackte Gedanken_, Prehistoric Museum/Castle of Traismauer and Gallery Kleiner Bischofshof in Vienna
- 1999: _Reflections_, group exhibitions
- 2000: Cycle _ZOOM_, ORF Landesstudio Niederösterreich (TV of Lower Austria), St. Pölten
- 2000: _IM_PULS_, Dentist Congress, Melk
- 2001: Cycle _TABU_, Communal Museum of St. Pölten
- 2002: Cycle _Geh.ende_, Gallery fein.sinn, St. Pölten
- 2003: Cycle _isen formunge_, Haus Kremayr, Museum Ybbsitz
- 2005: _zart beseitigt_, poster series, exposition stock.WERK, St. Pölten, and Library of Lower Austria
- 2007: _high.matt.ade_, Aktionsradius, Vienna
- 2008: _Zwischen Sein & Schein, 30 Meter Sonnenschein_, façade of the Communal Museum of St. Pölten

## Other websites

- Homepage of the artist, retrieved on 2009-09-14
- Literary magazine etcetera, St. Pölten, retrieved on 2009-09-14
- Eva Riebler interviews Ingrid Reichel (in German), retrieved on 2009-09-14
- Artistic project _Zwischen Sein & Schein_ in the communal museum of St. Pölten , retrieved on 2009-09-14
- Critical review on the drama _Her mit den Prinzen und weg mit dem Speck_, Landestheater of Lower Austria, retrieved on 2009-09-14
Absurdism

**Absurdism** is a type of philosophy. People who support and argue for absurdism are known as 'absurdists'. Absurdists think that the human condition is essentially absurd because humans are always looking for meaning, but are completely unable to find meaning because no such meaning exists. In philosophy, this is called ‘the Absurd’. In this case _absurd_ means that it is not possible to be done by humans.

Absurdists, most notably Albert Camus, believe that when human beings realize this fundamental absurdity they have different reactions. One reaction is suicide, but this is not generally considered to be a viable solution by Absurdists; suicide is in and of itself the most absurd action possible. Another reaction is to believe in something higher (Camus gave religion as an example of this, although he went on to criticize its merit as a solution to fundamental absurdity) when they see that there is no meaning they can find in the universe (which is what absurdism says is the basic state of human experience). The final reaction is to accept the absurd, and also to keep trying to overcome it. Camus believed that a human being could become happy by finding meaning in their relationship with the absurdity of their existence.

Perhaps the most notable absurdist philosopher is Albert Camus. Søren Kierkegaard's ideas contributed to the development of Absurdist philosophy, although he was himself an existentialist.

## Related pages

- Existential crisis
- Nihilism
Elpídio Silva

**Elpídio Pereira Silva Filho** (born 19 July 1975), known as **Silva**, is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a striker.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1997|Atlético Mineiro|Série A|||
|1997|Kashiwa Reysol|J1 League|12|8|
|1998|10|2|||
|1998–99|Braga|Primeira Liga|32|16|
|1999–00|25|5|||
|2000–01|Boavista|Primeira Liga|21|10|
|2001–02|27|8|||
|2002–03|30|10|||
|2003–04|Sporting|Primeira Liga|27|5|
|2004–05|Vitória Guimarães|Primeira Liga|23|7|
|2005–06|Sporting|Primeira Liga|1|0|
|2005–06|Derby County|Championship|0|0|
|2006|Corinthians Alagoano||||
|2006|Suwon Samsung Bluewings|K-League|11|1|

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Elpídio Silva
- **fullname**: Elpídio Pereira Silva Filho
- **birth place**: Campina Grande, Brazil
- **position**: Forward (association football)#Striker, Striker
- **youthclubs1**: Clube Atlético Mineiro, Atlético Mineiro
- **years1**: 1995–1997
- **years2**: 1997–1998
- **years3**: 1998–2000
- **years4**: 2000–2003
- **years5**: 2003–2006
- **years6**: 2004–2005
- **years7**: 2006
- **years8**: 2006
- **years9**: 2007
- **years10**: 2007–2008
- **years11**: 2009
- **clubs1**: Clube Atlético Mineiro, Atlético Mineiro
- **clubs2**: Kashiwa Reysol
- **clubs3**: S.C. Braga, Braga
- **clubs4**: Boavista F.C., Boavista
- **clubs5**: Sporting CP
- **clubs6**: → Vitória S.C., Vitória Guimarães (loan)
- **clubs7**: Derby County F.C., Derby County
- **clubs8**: Sport Club Corinthians Alagoano, Corinthians-AL
- **clubs9**: Suwon Samsung Bluewings, Suwon Bluewings
- **clubs10**: Alki Larnaca FC, Alki Larnaca
- **clubs11**: AEK Larnaca FC, AEK Larnaca
- **caps2**: 22
- **caps3**: 57
- **caps4**: 78
- **caps5**: 29
- **caps6**: 23
- **caps7**: 0
- **caps9**: 11
- **caps10**: 37
- **caps11**: 6
- **totalcaps**: 263
- **goals2**: 10
- **goals3**: 21
- **goals4**: 28
- **goals5**: 6
- **goals6**: 7
- **goals7**: 0
- **goals9**: 1
- **goals10**: 13
- **goals11**: 1
- **totalgoals**: 87
Takahiro Shimada

**Takahiro Shimada** (born 9 February 1965) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Gamba Osaka.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="5"|Matsushita Electric||JSL Division 2||||||||||||||||
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="4"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1989/90||||||||||||||||
|-
|1990/91||21||0||||||1||0||22||0
|-
|1991/92||19||1||||||3||0||22||1
|-
|1992||rowspan="6"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||0||0||0||0
|-
|1993||12||0||0||0||1||0||13||0
|-
|1994||16||2||0||0||3||1||19||3
|-
|1995||38||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||41||0
|-
|1996||10||1||4||0||11||0||25||1
|-
|1997||15||0||1||0||6||0||22||0
131||4||8||0||25||1||164||5
131||4||8||0||25||1||164||5
|}
Ryuji Ishizue

**Ryuji Ishizue** (born 22 July 1964) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="5"|All Nippon Airways||JSL Division 2||||||||||||||||
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="4"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1989/90||||||||||||||||
|-
|1990/91||0||0||||||0||0||0||0
|-
|1991/92||6||0||||||0||0||6||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="3"|Yokohama Flügels||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||5||0||5||0
|-
|1993||0||0||1||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|1994||7||0||0||0||2||0||9||0
|-
|1995||rowspan="4"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="2"|Football League||23||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|-
|1996||30||0||3||0||0||0||33||0
|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||28||0||2||0||5||0||35||0
|-
|1998||13||0||2||0||4||0||19||0
107||0||11||0||16||0||134||0
107||0||11||0||16||0||134||0
|}

## References

- Vissel Kobe
Shuichi Mase

**Shuichi Mase** (born 22 October 1973) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for North American, Central American, and Croatian clubs. He is currently a football coach and interpreter.

## References

- Fagiano Okayama
Amar Osim

**Amar Osim** (born 18 July 1967) is a Bosnia and Herzegovina former football player. He is one of the most successful Bosnian-Herzegovinian football managers.

## Managerial statistics

|rowspan="2"|Team|rowspan="2"|From|rowspan="2"|To|colspan="8"|Record|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Željezničar|align="left"|1 March 2001|align="left"|10 October 2003|||
|align="left"|JEF United Chiba|align="left"|20 July 2006|align="left"|31 December 2007|||
|align="left"|Željezničar|align="left"|22 June 2009|align="left"|19 September 2013|||
|align="left"|Al Kharaitiyat|align="left"|27 December 2014|align="left"|5 November 2016|||
|align="left"|Željezničar|align="left"|31 December 2018|align="left"|11 April 2021|||
|align="left"|Velež Mostar|align="left"|11 June 2022|align="left"|29 November 2022|||

### Manager

**Željezničar**
- Bosnian Premier League: 2000–01, 2001–02, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13
- Bosnian Cup: 2000–01, 2002–03, 2010–11, 2011–12
- Bosnian Supercup: 2001

**JEF United Chiba**
- J.League Cup: 2006

**Individual**
- Bosnia and Herzegovina Manager of the Year: 2002, 2012
- Bosnian Premier League Manager of the Year/Season: 2010, 2011–12, 2012–13
- Qatar Stars League Manager of the Month: February 2015

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Amar Osim
- **image**: Amar Osim 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Osim with FK Željezničar Sarajevo, Željezničar in 2019
- **birth place**: Sarajevo, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFR Yugoslavia
- **height**: 1.95 m
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: –1986
- **youthclubs1**: FK Željezničar Sarajevo, Željezničar
- **years1**: 1986–1991
- **clubs1**: FK Željezničar Sarajevo, Željezničar
- **caps1**: 52
- **goals1**: 5
- **years2**: 1991–1992
- **clubs2**: SR Saint-Dié, Saint-Dié
- **years3**: 1992–1996
- **clubs3**: AS Pierrots Vauban Strasbourg, Strasbourg
- **years4**: 1996–1997
- **clubs4**: FK Željezničar Sarajevo, Željezničar
- **caps4**: 7
- **goals4**: 1
- **manageryears1**: 2001–2003
- **managerclubs1**: FK Željezničar Sarajevo, Željezničar
- **manageryears2**: 2006–2007
- **managerclubs2**: JEF United Chiba
- **manageryears3**: 2009–2013
- **managerclubs3**: FK Željezničar Sarajevo, Željezničar
- **manageryears4**: 2014–2016
- **managerclubs4**: Al Kharaitiyat SC, Al Kharaitiyat
- **manageryears5**: 2018–2021
- **managerclubs5**: FK Željezničar Sarajevo, Željezničar
- **manageryears6**: 2022
- **managerclubs6**: FK Velež Mostar, Velež Mostar
Be Good to Me

"**Be Good to Me**" is a song on Ashley Tisdale's first album, _Headstrong_. "Be Good to Me" was the first song released off the album. It was released in the United States on December 25, 2006 and in South America in January 2007. The album version has rap vocals by David Jassy.
Emperor Kameyama

(9 July 1249 – 4 October 1305), was the 90th emperor of Japan, in the traditional order of succession.  His reign started in 1259 and ended in 1274.

## Traditional history

Before he became the monarch, his personal name (_imina_) was .  The posthumous name of Kameyama comes from the place name of the emperor's tomb, in a section of Kyoto.

He was the seventh son of Emperor Go-Saga and the younger brother of Emperor Go-Fukakusa.

Kameyama was the father of 36 children, including the son and heir who became Emperor Go-Uda.

## Events of Kameyama's life

- **1258** (_Shōka 2_): Kameyama's son, Prince Tsunehito was named Crown Prince and heir at age nine.
- **1259** (_Shōgen 1, 11th month_): In the 14th year of Go-Fukakusa's reign, he abdicated.  Go-Fukakusa's younger brother got the succession (senso). Soon after, Emperor Kameyama accepted the monarch's role, duties and powers (_sokui_).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.
- **1268** (_Bun'ei 5_): Kameyama did not answer a letter from Kublai Khan which demanded tribute.  Khan, the leader of China, saw this non-response as rude and not respectful.
- **1274** (_Bun'ei 11, 1st month_): In the 15th year of Kameyama's reign, he abdicated.
- **19 November 1274** (_Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month_): Yuan China (Kublai Khan) sent a fleet and an army to invade Japan. Some military forces landed near Fukuoka in Kyūshū.   This was the "Battle of Bun'ei" or the 1st Mongol Invasion.  The same day, a storm sank many of the ships with the main part of the invading army. The invaders ran away to Korea.  During the short fight, the Hakozaki Shrine was burned to the ground.
- **1281** (_Kōan 4_): This is called the "Battle of Kōan" or the 2nd Mongol Invasion. A typhoon broke up the invading fleet; and this act of 'divine wind' was called _kamekaze._
- **1291** (_Shōō 4_): Kameyama helped to found the Buddhist temple Nanzen-ji in Kyōto.

- **1305** (_Kagen 3_): Kameyama died.

### After his death

The Imperial Household Agency say the mausoleum (_misasagi_) of Kameyama is in Kyoto.  The emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine there.

## Eras of reign

The years of Kameyama's reign cover more than one era name.
- _Bun'ō_, 1260-1261
- _Kōchō_, 1261-1264
- _Bun'ei_, 1264-1275

## Related pages

- Emperor of Japan
- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese imperial family tree
- Emperor Go-Kameyama

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Kameyama
- **title**: Emperor of Japan
- **image**: Emperor Kameyama cropped.jpg
- **reign**: 1259–1274
- **predecessor**: Emperor Go-Fukakusa, Go-Fukakusa
- **successor**: Emperor Go-Uda, Go-Uda
- **birth date**: 9 July 1249
- **death date**: 4 October 1305 (aged 56)
- **burial place**: _Kameyama no Misasagi_ (Kyoto)
National Diet Library

The  is the only national library in Japan. It was established in 1948.

The purpose of the library is to assist members of the . The library is similar in purpose and scope to the U.S. Library of Congress.

The National Diet Library has two main facilities. One is in Tokyo and the other is in Kyoto. There are also several branch libraries in Japan.

## Related pages

- National Archives of Japan

## Other websites

- NDL Japanese website
- NDL English website
- NDL Digital Archive Portal (English)
- Kansai-kan of the NDL (English)
- Digital Library from the Meiji Era (English summary only)
- Digital Library from the Meiji Era (Japanese)
- Rare Books Image Database (Japanese)
- NDL image viewer .
- NDL-OPAC Japanese Index
- NDL-OPAC English Index
- Database of National Diet Minutes (Japanese)
- Database of Imperial Diet Minutes (Japanese)
- NDL Interlibrary Loan Application Procedures
- NDL Photoreproduction Service
- NDL Portraits of Modern Japanese Historical Figures

## Infobox (library)

- **native name**:
 (Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan)
- **name**: National Diet Library (NDL)
- **image**: National diet library 2009.jpg
- **caption**: Tokyo Main Library of the National Diet Library
- **country**: Japan
- **type**: National Library, Parliamentary Library
- **ref legal mandate**: National Diet Library Law
- **location**: Tokyo, Kyoto
- **num branches**: 27
- **items collected**: books, journals, newspapers, electronic archives, manuscripts, official publications, doctoral dissertations, maps,  sheet music
- **collection size**: 41,881,649 items (March 2016)
- **criteria**: Publications issued in Japan, statutes and parliamentary documents, publications on Japan, reference material, material on science and technology, publications of international organizations and foreign governments, children's literature and related material, Asian works
- **legal deposit**: legal deposit
- **req to access**: eighteen years of age or older for the Tokyo Main Library and the Kansai-kan
- **pop served**: members of the Diet (722: fixed number as of Feb. 2009) and the general public
- **budget**: JP¥20,163M (FY2008) (US$221M)
- **director**: Sawako Hanyu (2016)
- **num employees**: 908
Gang

A **gang** is a group of people who do things together. The word "gang" comes from the Old English _gan_, which means "to go". It is also related to Old Norse _gangr_ "a group of men". In modern times the word _gang_ is often used to refer to a group of people who commit crimes together. Members of criminal gangs may be called gangsters.

There are several reasons why people join gangs. Lots of people who join gangs are young people. One reason that people join gangs is a chance to make money through doing things like selling illegal drugs, stealing and sex trafficking. Another reason, especially for younger people, is a chance to have a place where they belong. A third reason is boredom.

## Gang identification

Gang members often use graffiti to tell other gangs that an area is part of their "territory" and that other gangs should stay away. Marking territory, usually with spray paint, is sometimes called "tagging," however tagging usually means messages by one person, called a tagger. Tagger graffiti promotes the individual and is usually more artistic. As well as being a “no trespassing” sign telling rival crews to stay away, gang graffiti can send other messages. Gang graffiti may be a message about future violence or criminal activity. Members of a gang often dress similarly or have the same tattoos.

## Gang violence

Gang violence refers to illegal acts of violence performed by gangs. The violence may be against innocent people, property, or other gangs. Gang violence is extremely prevalent across the world in cities like Moscow, Detroit, Chicago and Los Angeles. Nearly every major city has seen gang violence at some point in its history.

## Related pages

- Mara Salvatrucha
Folk metal

**Folk metal** is a type of heavy metal music that started in Europe in the 1990s. This music is a mixture of heavy metal and traditional folk music. Many times, folk instruments are used in it. Sometimes traditional singing styles are also used.

The earliest example of folk metal was the English band Skyclad. Their first album, _The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth_ was made in 1990. In 1994 and 1995 more folk metal bands appeared in Europe and Israel. Some of these early bands were the Irish band Cruachan, the Israeli band Orphaned Land, and the German band Subway to Sally. Each band started to develop their own type of folk metal. These styles became Celtic metal, Oriental metal and Medieval metal.

In the 1990s, folk metal was not well known and there were not many folk metal bands. In the early 2000s, folk metal became a lot more popular. It was very popular in Finland. Some folk metal bands in Finland were Ensiferum, Turisas, Korpiklaani, Finntroll and Moonsorrow.

Different bands play folk metal music in different ways. A lot of different instruments are also used. Many bands have six or more members so they can play many different instruments at the same time. A few bands also use keyboards to make the sound of folk instruments. Lyrics in folk metal are normally about nature, fantasy, mythology and history.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Folk metal
- **bgcolor**: #BB0022
- **color**: white
- **cultural origins**: Early to mid 1990s across Europe and the Middle East
- **popularity**: Europe since the early 2000s; underground in United States
- **subgenrelist**: Heavy metal music
- **fusiongenres**: Viking metal
Ensiferum

**Ensiferum** is a folk metal band from Helsinki, Finland. The name comes from the Latin word _ensĭfĕrum_ which means "sword bearer". (someone who carries a sword) The members of the band call their music "heroic folk metal." Ensiferum has made four albums, one EP, one compilation, three singles, and three demo albums.

## Musical style

Ensiferum's music has harsh vocals. They are normally mixed with clean vocals for choruses and bridges. The band often plays Metal and folk tunes on lead guitar or keyboard with heavier traditional heavy metal sounds such as gallop rhythm. It is common for them to use acoustic guitar at the start of songs. Their lyrics often deal with fantastical, or historic stories. These stories usually have heroic themes.

## Albums

- Ensiferum  (2001)
- Iron  (2004)
- Victory Songs  (2007)
- From Afar  (2009)
- Unsung Heroes  (2012)
- One Man Army  (2015)
- Two Paths  (2017)
- Thalassic (2020)
- Winter Storm (2024)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ensiferum
- **img**: Ensiferum Metalcamp2007 01.jpg
- **img capt**: Ensiferum performing live at Metalcamp festival in Tolmin, Slovenia, 2007
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Helsinki, Finland
- **genre**: Folk metal
Viking metal
Melodic death metal
"Heroic folk metal"
- **years active**: 1995–present
- **label**: Spinefarm
- **associated acts**: Wintersun
Arthemesia
Cadacross
Norther
Waltari
Sinergy
Rapture (band), Rapture
- **url**: [http://www.ensiferum.com/ www.ensiferum.com]
- **current members**: Petri Lindroos
Markus Toivonen
Sami Hinkka
Janne Parviainen
Emmi Silvennoinen
- **past members**: Kimmo Miettinen
Jukka-Pekka Miettinen
Sauli Savolainen
Jari Mäenpää
Oliver Fokin
Meiju Enho
Henri "Trollhorn" Sorvali
Shōgen

was a  after _Shōka_ and before _Bun'ō._  This period started in March 1259 and ended in April 1260.  During this time, the emperors were  and .

## Events of the _Shōgen_ era

- **1259** (_Shōgen 1, 11th month_): In the 14th year of Go-Fukakusa's reign (後深草天皇14年), the emperor resigned; and his younger brother became the emperor
- **1260** (_Shōgen 2_): Nichiren wrote _Rissho Ankoku Ron_ ("On Securing the Peace of the Land through the Propagation of True Buddhism").

## Related pages

- Kamakura period
- Jōgen (Kamakura period), 1207-1211 – _Shōgen_ is an alternative pronunciation

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

|Shōgen|1st|2nd|
| --- | --- | --- |
||1259|1260|
Kenichiro Tokura

**Kenichiro Tokura** (born 31 May 1971) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="3"|Verdy Kawasaki||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||11||0||0||0||3||0||14||0
|-
|1995||21||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||22||0
|-
|1996||7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
|-
|1997||Kawasaki Frontale||Football League||20||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|1998||Gamba Osaka||J. League 1||5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|1999||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 1||10||0||0||0||1||0||11||0
|-
|1999||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||2||0||2||0||0||0||4||0
|-
|2001||Shonan Bellmare||J. League 1||15||0||0||0||2||0||17||0
91||0||3||0||6||0||80||0
91||0||3||0||6||0||80||0
|}
Gahkuch

**Gahkuch** is the capital city of the Ghizar District in Pakistan. It is at 36°10′N, 73°45′E.
Sicilian Defence

The **Sicilian defence**, usually called just _the Sicilian_, is a chess opening, which starts with these moves:
- 1. e4 c5
In competitive chess, it is by far the most frequently played reply to the King's Pawn opening (1.e4).

- Open variations 1e4 c5 2Nf3 followed by 3d4. A typical line is
- 1.e4 c5
- 2.Nf3 d6
- 3.d4 cxd4
- 4.Nxd4 Nf6
- 5.Nc3
Now Black decides where to put his KB: on e7 or g7; his QN will probably go to c6.

- Closed variations 1e4 c5 2Nc3 not followed by d4. A typical line is
- 1.e4 c5
- 2.Nc3 Nc6
- 3.f4 d6
- 4.Nf3 g6
- 5.Bb5 Bg7
- 6.d3

Instead of 3.f4, a slower game with 3.g3 followed by Bg2 and d3 could be chosen by White.

- ECO code B20–B99. ECO is the _Encyclopaedia of chess openings_.
King's Gambit

The **King's Gambit** is a chess opening which starts with these moves:
- 1.e4 e5
- 2.f4 and now
    - 2...exf4 is the King's Gambit accepted, and 3.Nf3 the most common move.
    - 2...any other move by Black is the King's Gambit declined. 2...d5 is most usual.

The opening is called a gambit because White sacrifices a pawn. In exchange for the pawn, White gets better development and opens up lines that can be used to attack/checkmate the black king. It was more popular in the 1800s, when many Black players did not know good ways to play against it.

- ECO code C30–C39. ECO is the _Encyclopaedia of chess openings_.

## Infobox (chess opening)

- **openingname**: King's Gambit
- **moves**: 1.e4 e5 2.f4
- **eco**: C30–C39
- **birth**: No later than 16th century
- **parentopening**: Open Game
- **chessgid**: 101115&move=2.5&moves=e4.e5.f4&nodes=21720.21721.101115
Celtic Sea

The **Celtic Sea** (; ; ; ) is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland. To the east of it are the Saint George's Channel, the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay, as well as adjacent portions of Wales, Cornwall, Devon, and Brittany. The southern and western boundaries are based on the continental shelf.

## Other websites

- Coccoliths in the Celtic Sea : a bloom of phytoplankton in the Celtic Sea, visible from outer space in an MISR image, 4 June 2001
Réti Opening

The **Réti opening** (or just "the Réti") is a hypermodern chess opening. It starts with 1.Nf3. It was originally devised for sequences like
- 1.Nf3 d5
- 2.c4 d4
- 3.b5

Now 2.g3 is as usual as 2.c4 in this opening. The opening can change into many others as pieces develop. This is called transposition.

- ECO code is A04–A08. ECO is the _Encyclopaedia of chess opening_

----Another variation of this is the **Tennison gambit,** also known as the **ICBM gambit.**

The Tennison Gambit is a chess opening in which White gambits a pawn. The opening moves begin with either the Réti Opening:

1. Nf3 /d5

2. e4

The first person to significantly research this opening was chess amateur Otto Mandrup Tennison (1834–1909). Tennison was born in Denmark, studied in Germany and moved to the United States in 1854. There he played in the chess clubs of New Orleans. Many strong players picked up the idea from the first half of the 20th century.

The other name of the Tennison Gambit is the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile. Ok so lets see how does it exactly work

King's pawn to e4 and black responds with d5 which is the Scandinavian Defence. It is only possible with this opening. We will not care about that pawn and play nf3. Being greedy, black will take that pawn as it is unprotected and also attack horse. We will play our knight to f5, saving the piece and attacking the pawn.  To defend the hanging pawn the very natural move black will think is to develop its knight and protect the pawn. Black plays knight to f6.  Now we will have to Gambit another pawn so we take our queens pawn to d3. Black will take the pawn because his pawn is under attack.  No we will develop our bishop to d3. Now you have essentially won the game. Black plays pawn to h6 attacking the knight. What we will do is that we will attack the f7 square with the knight forking the queen and rook. Black has no option but to play the king to f7 killing the knight and protecting the queen and rook. Now we will bring the bishop to g6 which gives a check and attacks the entire corridor. Black cannot retreat its king and has the only option to kill the bishop which leaves the queen in an exposed position.

Done. Blacks game is over.

WE CAN LAUNCH AN RT-2PM2 <<TOPOL-M>>CODE LAUNCH THREE-STAGE SOLID-PROPELLANT SILO-BASED INTERCONTINENTAL BALLISTIC MISSILE TO ATTACK BLACKS REMAINING PIECES.

NOW MANEUVER CAREFULLY AS OUR ATGM IS IS GOING THROUGH THE BOARD.

SO, IT BASICALLY MEANS AFTER KING TAKES BISHOP OUR QUEEN TAKES THEIR QUEEN.

HOW CAN BLACK MAKE A COMEBACK?

After the queen takes queen we dont need to care about our bishop on c8 we will simply move our kings pawn up 2 squares or 1 square. White being greedy will take the c8 bishop so now will take our bishop to b4 giving a check. It is a discovered attack. The king after he protects himself we can kill the queen with our rook having a very big material advantage.
Barbed wire

**Barbed wire** (also called **barb wire**) is a kind of wire that is used to make cheap fences. It has sharp metal points (**barbs**),  which make climbing over it painful.

The first patent in the United States for barbed wire was issued in 1867 to Lucien B. Smith of Kent, Ohio, who is regarded as the inventor. Joseph Glidden of DeKalb, Illinois, received a patent for the modern invention in 1874 after he made his own modifications to previous versions.

It was first used for controlling cattle and later in trench warfare, and in other places to stop people. Improvements led to the creation of Razor wire, in the 1960's.
Balanced budget amendment

A **balanced budget amendment** is a rule in the United States Constitution that requires the government's yearly budget to spend no more than it earns, so the government does not have to borrow money.

Some proposals of the balanced budget amendment allow the government to borrow money (spending more than it earns) during a time of emergency such as war, or if most people in Congress agree it is necessary.
Faggot

**Faggot** might mean:

- Faggot (food), a type of food, a meatball from the UK
- Faggot (slang) (or "fag"), a derogatory term for a homosexual in the United States
- MiG-15 Fagot, a fighter aircraft
- In music, a "faggotti" is a musical instrument called a bassoon
Syncope

**Syncope** is the medical term for **fainting** or **blacking out**. It is a sudden loss of consciousness, usually for a short time. It is mostly because there is not enough oxygen in the brain. It can be for other reasons.

Fainting is quite common. It usually happens in two age ranges: the teenage years, and during older age. The chance of a person fainting at least once in a lifetime is about 40 to 50 percent. Syncope causes 1 to 3 percent of all attendances to emergency departments and 1 to 6 percent of all hospital admissions.
English Opening

The **English Opening**, usually just called _the English_, is a chess opening for White. It has become the third most popular opening move, after 1.e4 and 1.d4. The opening was developed by the English master Howard Staunton and played in his match against Saint-Amant.<sup>p124</sup>

- 1. c4
As a first move, this may transpose into a Queen's Pawn Game: 1.c4 Nf6 2.d4. That would not be the English opening. The English is a flexible system that includes some or all of these moves:
1. Nc3
1. Bishop fianchettoed on g2
1. Nf3 or Ne2
1. 0-0
1. d3
1. Rb1 followed by b2-b4-b5

- Variation 1.
1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 g6 3.g3 Bg7 4.Bg2 0-0 5.d3 d6 6.Nf3 e5 7.0-0 Nc6 8.Rb1 a5 9.a3 h6 10.b4 axb4 11.axb4 Be6 12.b5 This sequence shows the system fully in operation. White operates in the centre and Q-side; Black operates more on the K-side.

- Variation 2.
1.c4 e5 2.g3 Nf6 3.Bg2 d5 4.cxd5 Nxd5 5.Nf3 Nc6 6.d3 This has the character of a Sicilian defence reversed.

- Variation 3.
1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.e4 d5 4.cxd5 exd5 5.e5 Here 5...d4, 5...Ne4 and 5...Nfd7 are most often played. This is a quite different line, where the two sides clash early in the centre. Since White does not have to play 3.e4, he could avoid this line.

Each of these lines has its own distinct character, and needs to be learnt by the player.
Sebastián Pardo

**Sebastián Pardo** (born 1 January 1982) is a former Chilean football player. He has played for the Chilean national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1999||rowspan="4"|Universidad Chile||rowspan="4"|Primera División||4||0
|-
|2000||14||0
|-
|2001||10||0
|-
|2002||14||2

|-
|2002–03||rowspan="5"|Feyenoord Rotterdam||rowspan="5"|Eredivisie||18||3
|-
|2003–04||15||2
|-
|2004–05||6||0
|-
|2005–06||21||5
|-
|2006–07||10||0
|-
|2007–08||Excelsior||Eredivisie||18||1

|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Universidad Chile||rowspan="2"|Primera División||7||1
|-
|2009||8||0
57||3
87||11
144||14
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|2002||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Sebastián Pardo
- **fullname**: Sebastián Eduardo Pardo Campos
- **birth place**: Quillota, Chile
- **height**: 1.70 m
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthclubs1**: Club Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile
- **years1**: 1999–2002
- **clubs1**: Club Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile
- **caps1**: 45
- **goals1**: 2
- **years2**: 2002–2007
- **clubs2**: Feyenoord
- **caps2**: 70
- **goals2**: 10
- **years3**: 2007–2008
- **clubs3**: SBV Excelsior, Excelsior
- **caps3**: 16
- **goals3**: 1
- **years4**: 2008–2009
- **clubs4**: Club Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile
- **caps4**: 15
- **goals4**: 2
- **years5**: 2010
- **clubs5**: Unión Temuco
- **caps5**: 10
- **goals5**: 1
- **years6**: 2013
- **clubs6**: Coquimbo Unido
- **caps6**: 5
- **goals6**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 161
- **totalgoals**: 16
- **nationalyears1**: 1999
- **nationalteam1**: Chile national under-17 football team, Chile U17
- **nationalyears2**: 2001
- **nationalteam2**: Chile national under-20 football team, Chile U20
- **nationalcaps2**: 3
- **nationalgoals2**: 1
- **nationalyears3**: 2002
- **nationalteam3**: Chile national football team, Chile
- **nationalcaps3**: 1
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
Goran Rubil

**Goran Rubil** (born 9 March 1981) is a Croatian football player. He plays for Hajduk Split.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|Nantes Atlantique||rowspan="3"|Division 1||2||0
|-
|2000/01||1||0
|-
|2001/02||2||0
|-
|2002/03||Ligue 1||5||0
|-
|2003/04||Stade Lavallois Mayenne||Ligue 2||8||1
|-
|2004/05||Nantes Atlantique||Ligue 1||1||0

|-
|2005||Shonan Bellmare||J. League 2||11||0

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Rijeka||rowspan="2"|Prva HNL||4||0
|-
|2006/07||10||1
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Hajduk Split||rowspan="4"|Prva HNL||9||0
|-
|2007/08||27||3
|-
|2008/09||15||1
|-
|2009/10||||
19||1
11||0
65||5
95||6
|}

## References

- Hajduk Split
Carlos Alberto Dias

**Carlos Alberto Costa Dias** (born 5 May 1967) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1988||rowspan="2"|Coritiba||rowspan="2"|Série A||12||3
|-
|1989||8||4
|-
|1990||rowspan="3"|Botafogo||rowspan="3"|Série A||17||0
|-
|1991||13||1
|-
|1992||23||4
|-
|1993||Vasco da Gama||Série A||0||0
|-
|1993||Grêmio||Série A||4||2
|-
|1994||Paraná||Série A||15||5

|-
|1995||Shimizu S-Pulse||J. League 1||32||17

|-
|1996||Paraná||Série A||8||1

|-
|1997||Verdy Kawasaki||J. League 1||10||3

|-
|1998||Coritiba||Série A||3||0
|-
|1999||Paraná||Série A||10||0
113||20
42||20
155||40
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|1992||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Carlos Alberto Dias
- **fullname**: Carlos Alberto Costa Dias
- **birth place**: Brasília, Brazil
- **position**: Striker (association football), Striker
- **years1**: 1985
- **clubs1**: Sociedade Esportiva Matsubara, Matsubara
- **years2**: 1986–1988
- **clubs2**: Shonan Bellmare, Fujita Industries
- **years3**: 1988–1989
- **clubs3**: Coritiba FC, Coritiba
- **years4**: 1990–1992
- **clubs4**: Botafogo FR, Botafogo
- **years5**: 1993
- **clubs5**: CR Vasco da Gama, Vasco da Gama
- **years6**: 1993
- **clubs6**: Grêmio FBPA, Grêmio
- **years7**: 1994
- **clubs7**: Paraná Clube, Paraná
- **years8**: 1995
- **clubs8**: Shimizu S-Pulse
- **years9**: 1996
- **clubs9**: Paraná Clube, Paraná
- **years10**: 1997
- **clubs10**: Tokyo Verdy, Verdy Kawasaki
- **years11**: 1998
- **clubs11**: Coritiba FC, Coritiba
- **years12**: 1999
- **clubs12**: Paraná Clube, Paraná
- **nationalyears1**: 1992
- **nationalteam1**: Brazil national football team, Brazil
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 2014
- **managerclubs1**: Castanhal Esporte Clube, Castanhal
- **manageryears2**: 2017
- **managerclubs2**: Paragominas Futebol Clube, Paragominas
- **manageryears3**: 2018
- **managerclubs3**: Sociedade Esportiva do Gama, Gama
Reinaldo Vicente Simão

**Reinaldo Vicente Simão** (born 23 October 1968) is a former Brazilian football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Bellmare Hiratsuka||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||23||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||23||3
|-
|1996||15||4||2||0||15||1||32||5
|-
|1997||12||3||0||0||5||0||17||3
50||10||2||0||20||1||72||11
50||10||2||0||20||1||72||11
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Simão
- **fullname**: Reinaldo Vicente Simão
- **birth place**: São Paulo, Brazil
- **position**: Midfielder
- **years1**: 1990
- **clubs1**: EC Juventude, Juventude
- **years2**: 1990–1993
- **clubs2**: SC Internacional, Internacional
- **years3**: 1993
- **clubs3**: SC Corinthians Paulista, Corinthians Paulista
- **years4**: 1994
- **clubs4**: Associação Portuguesa de Desportos, Portuguesa Desportos
- **years5**: 1995–1997
- **clubs5**: Shonan Bellmare, Bellmare Hiratsuka
- **years6**: 1998–2000
- **clubs6**: Associação Portuguesa de Desportos, Portuguesa Desportos
- **years7**: 2001
- **clubs7**: AD São Caetano, São Caetano
- **years8**: 2002
- **clubs8**: Fenerbahçe SK, Fenerbahçe
- **years9**: 2003
- **clubs9**: MKE Ankaragücü, Ankaragücü
- **years10**: 2004
- **clubs10**: Goiás EC, Goiás
Ovidiu Burcă

**Ovidiu Burcă** (born 16 March 1980) is a Romanian football player. He plays for Energie Cottbus.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1999||Emelec||Serie A||6||0

|-
|2000||JEF United Ichihara||J. League 1||4||0
|-
|2000||Ventforet Kofu||J. League 2||16||1

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Universitatea Craiova||rowspan="2"|Divizia A||6||0
|-
|2001/02||19||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Dinamo Bucureşti||rowspan="3"|Divizia A||12||0
|-
|2003/04||21||0
|-
|2004/05||13||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Naţional Bucureşti||Divizia A||22||1
|-
|2006/07||Liga I||17||1

|-
|2007/08||Energie Cottbus||Bundesliga||0||0
|-
|2008||Beijing Guoan||Super League||15||1
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Energie Cottbus||Bundesliga||7||0
|-
|2009/10||2. Bundesliga||||
6||0
20||1
110||2
7||0
15||1
158||4
|}

## References

- Energie Cottbus
Jussiê

**Jussiê Ferreira Vieira** (born 19 September 1983) is a Brazilian former football player. He plays for Girondins Bordeaux.

## Career statistics

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="2"|Cup|colspan="2"|Continental|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Cruzeiro|2001|Série A|8|1|0|0|0|0|8|1||
|2002|8|0|0|0|0|0|8|0||||
|2003|1|0|0|0|0|0|1|0||||
|Kashiwa Reysol|2003|J1 League|17|5|0|0|0|0|17|5||
|Cruzeiro|2004|Série A|41|12|0|0|0|0|41|12||
|Lens|2004–05|Ligue 1|12|1|0|0|7|0|19|1||
|2005–06|35|6|2|0|0|0|37|6||||
|2006–07|21|6|1|0|4|0|26|6||||
|Bordeaux|2006–07|Ligue 1|16|2|1|0|0|0|17|2||
|2007–08|22|4|2|0|3|2|27|6||||
|2008–09|20|2|3|0|2|2|25|4||||
|2009–10|30|4|5|0|7|1|42|5||||
|2010–11|31|4|2|0|0|0|33|4||||
|2011–12|28|6|3|2|0|0|31|8||||
|2012–13|15|1|1|0|6|4|22|5||||
|2013–14|22|9|1|1|4|1|27|11||||
|2015–16|14|0|3|1|4|1|21|2||||
|Al Wasl (loan)|2013|UAE Pro League|12|1|1|1|0|0|13|2||

## Honours

**Cruzeiro**
- Campeonato Mineiro: 2003, 2004

**Lens**
- UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2005

**Bordeaux**
- Ligue 1: 2009
- Coupe de la Ligue: 2007, 2009
- Trophée des Champions: 2009

## References

- Girondins Bordeaux