Ely S. Parker

**Ely Samuel Parker** (1828 – August 31, 1895), born ***Hasanoanda*** (Tonawanda Seneca), later known as ***Donehogawa*** was a Native American of the Seneca tribe. He became the first Commissioner of Indian Affairs.  He was also a U.S. Army officer, engineer, and tribal diplomat. He spoke English and the Seneca language. He was friends with the anthropoloigsist Lewis Henry Morgan.

## Life and career

Parker was born in 1828 at Indian Falls, New York. This was a  Seneca Reservation at Tonawanda.  His parents were Elizabeth and William Parker. His original name was _Ha-sa-no-an-da_, but his name was later changed to Ely Parker. He was educated at a Baptist Mission school.

For several years, Parker worked at a legal firm in New York.

Early on, Parker met scholars like Lewis Henry Morgan, Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, and John Wesley Powell. They were studying ethnology and anthropology. Parker eventually became friends with Lewis Henry Morgan. Morgan helped Parker to study engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. Parker was a civil engineer until the American Civil War. He helped update the Erie Canal.

Parker became a Seneca chief or sachem in 1852.

Parker fought and served in the American Civil War. He raised an Iroquois military unit to fight for the Union. He only became a captain of this unit in 1863. He became the assistant of Ulysses S. Grant. This was when Grant became commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi. Parker was later secretary to Ulysses S. Grant. Parker was present at the surrender of the Confederates at Appomattox. He wrote the surrender documents.

Parker was a military officer and secretary after the war. He resigned from the army in 1869.

Later President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Parker as the first Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1871. Parker also served as interpreter and diplomat for Seneca chiefs. He helped with treaties between the Seneca and the United States.

## Personal Life and Death

Parker married Minnie Orton Sackett (1849–1932) in 1867. They had one daughter, Maud Theresa Parker (1878–1956).

After retiring, Parker lived the rest of his life in poverty. He died on August 31, 1895. He is buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo, New York.

## Related pages

- Seneca people
- Arthur C. Parker
- Ulysses S. Grant
- Iroquois
- American Civil War

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **embed**: yes
- **office**: Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
- **term start**: 1869
- **term end**: 1871


## Infobox (military person)

- **birth name**: Ely Samuel Parker
- **native name**: Hasanoanda
- **birth date**: 1828
- **birth place**: Indian Falls, New York, Indian Falls, New York (state), New York
- **death date**: August 31,
- **death place**: Fairfield, Connecticut, Fairfield, Connecticut
- **placeofburial**: Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo, Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo, New York
- **image**: Ely S. Parker.jpg
- **allegiance**: Iroquois, Haudenosaunee

- **serviceyears**: 1863–1869
- **branch**: United States Army (Union Army)
- **rank**:  Colonel (United States), Colonel
 Brevet (military), Brevet Brigadier general (United States), brigadier general
- **unit**: Adjutant to General U.S. Grant
2nd Cavalry Regiment (United States), 2nd U.S. Cavalry Regiment
- **battles**: American Civil War
*Siege of Vicksburg
*Chattanooga Campaign, Battle of Chattanooga
*Overland Campaign
*Siege of Petersburg
*Appomattox Campaign