juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Victoria Azarenka

**Victoria Azarenka** (, ; born 31 July 1989) is a Belarusian tennis player. She won the mixed doubles at the 2007 US Open and at the 2008 French Open. She won the singles at the 2012 and 2013 Australian Open. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she won a bronze medal in the singles and a gold medal in the mixed doubles. She is a former world number 1. As of 8 July 2013, she was the world number 3.
She was born in Minsk and lives in Monte Carlo, Monaco.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (tennis biography)

- **name**: Victoria Azarenka
<small>Вікторыя Азаранка</small>
- **image**: Victoria Azarenka Doha 2012.jpg
- **residence**: Manhattan Beach, California, Manhattan Beach, California, United States
- **fullname**: Victoria Fyodorovna Azarenka
- **native name**: Вікторыя Фёдараўна Азаранка
- **native name lang**: Belarusian
- **birth place**: Minsk, Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union
- **coach**: Wim Fissete (2018–present)
- **turnedpro**: 2003
- **plays**: Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
- **careerprizemoney**: (7 May 2018)
* <small> WTA Tour records#WTA career prize money leaders, 5th in all-time rankings (female)</small>
- **singlestitles**: 20 WTA, 1 ITF
- **highestsinglesranking**: List of WTA number 1 ranked tennis players, No. **1** (30 January 2012)
- **currentsinglesranking**: No. 46 (18 March 2019)
- **australianopenresult**: **W** (2012 Australian Open – Women's Singles, 2012, 2013 Australian Open – Women's Singles, 2013)
- **frenchopenresult**: SF (2013 French Open – Women's Singles, 2013)
- **wimbledonresult**: SF (2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, 2011, 2012 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, 2012)
- **usopenresult**: F (2012 US Open – Women's Singles, 2012, 2013 US Open – Women's Singles, 2013)
- **othertournaments**: yes
- **wtachampionshipsresult**: F (2011 WTA Tour Championships, 2011)
- **doublestitles**: 7 WTA, 3 ITF
- **highestdoublesranking**: No. 7 (7 July 2008)
- **currentdoublesranking**: No. 158 (18 March 2019)
- **australianopendoublesresult**: F (2008 Australian Open – Women's Doubles, 2008, 2011 Australian Open – Women's Doubles, 2011)
- **frenchopendoublesresult**: F (2009 French Open – Women's Doubles, 2009)
- **wimbledondoublesresult**: QF (2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles, 2008)
- **usopendoublesresult**: 2R (2009 US Open – Women's Doubles, 2009, 2018 US Open – Women's Doubles, 2018)
- **mixed**: yes
- **mixedtitles**: 3
- **australianopenmixedresult**: F (2007 Australian Open – Mixed Doubles, 2007)
- **frenchopenmixedresult**: **W** (2008 French Open – Mixed Doubles, 2008)
- **wimbledonmixedresult**: F (2018 Wimbledon Championships – Mixed Doubles, 2018)
- **usopenmixedresult**: **W** (2007 US Open – Mixed Doubles, 2007)
- **team**: yes
- **fedcupresult**: 21–5
- **medaltemplates-expand**: yes
- **updated**: 14 January 2019
Japanese Bobtail

The **Japanese Bobtail** is a breed of cat from Japan. It has a short tail.

The Maneki Neko is usually a Calico cat (Japanese Bobtail).

## Infobox (catbreed)

- **name**: Japanese Bobtail
- **image**: JapaneseBobtailBlueEyedMi-ke.JPG
- **imagecaption**: Female Japanese Bobtail
- **country**: Japan
- **cfastd**: https://cfa.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/japanese-bobtail-standard.pdf
- **ticastd**: https://tica.org/phocadownload/jb.pdf
- **ccastd**: https://www.cca-afc.com/documents/BreedStandards/JAPANESE_BOBTAIL_20200203_010430.pdf
Maneki Neko

, also known as "welcoming cat", "lucky cat", "money cat" or "fortune cat", is a common Japanese figurine. It is a lucky charm. This small statue is found in many Japanese shops, and it is also seen in some places outside Japan.

_Maneki neko_ is usually painted as a Calico cat (Japanese Bobtail), but new colors has appeared recently (for example, white, red, black, pink, blue and gold).  It usually has the right paw raised.  Some of these statues have the left paw raised.

The statue commonly has a gold coin called a _koban_ around the cat's neck.

Tokoname in Aichi Prefecture is Japan's top producer of _Maneki neko_.

## Color

This is the meaning of the colors
    - red, black; avoid getting ill
    - pink; help his or her love
    - gold; be lucky with money
    - calico; traditional color

## Gesture

Maneki-neko can be found with either the right or left paw raised (and sometimes both).
Generally, a right paw raised brings good luck and wealth, while the left paw raised brings in customers.

## History

_Maneki neko_ was a mascot of the silk industry, but now it is considered to be a mascot of business prosperity.
Different theories say that the Maneki neko came from Imado temples or that it came from Gotoku temples.

## Related pages

- Hello Kitty

## Other websites

- "Giant Maneki Neko....Tokoname Japan" at Panoramio
Hokota, Ibaraki

**Hokota** is a city in Ibaraki, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū.
Fukuro, Shizuoka

**Fukuro** is a city in Shizuoka, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū.
Fujieda, Shizuoka

**Fujieda** (藤枝市, Fujieda-shi) is a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is on the main island of Honshū.
Iizuka, Fukuoka

**Iizuka** is a small city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Kyūshū.
Takaoka, Toyama

is a city in Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

## History

Takaoka was established in 1609. It developed as a castle town.

The modern city of Takaoka was established in 1889.

In 1933, Takaoka's large statue of the Buddha (_Daibutsu_) was created.

### Surrounding municipalities

- Toyama Prefecture
    - Himi
    - Imizu
    - Oyabe
    - Tonami
- Ishikawa Prefecture
    - Hōdatsushimizu
    - Tsubata

## Demography

According to Japanese census data,

|1995|2000|2005|2010|2015|2020|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|186,827|185,682|181,229|176,061|172,125|166,393|

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Takaoka
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: Takaoka montage.JPG
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Takaoka montage
- **image flag**: Flag of Takaoka, Toyama.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Takaoka, Toyama.svg
- **image map**: Takaoka in Toyama Prefecture Ja.svg
- **mapsize**: 265px
- **map caption**: Takaoka in Toyama Prefecture
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Chūbu region, Chūbu
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Yūki Kakuda
- **area total km2**: 209.6
- **population total**: 166,393
- **population as of**: October 1, 2020
- **population density km2**: 793.9
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time, JST
- **utc offset1**: +09:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 933-8601
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 16202-7
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 0766-20-1111
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 7-50 Hirokōji, Takaoka-shi, Toyama-ken
Hirakata

**Hirakata** is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2001.
Kurashiki

**Kurashiki** (Japanese: 倉敷) is a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū.

It has been recognized as a core city since 2002.

## History

The town has been a center of business and trade for a long time. It is on a canal near Mt. Tsurugata. Kurashiki was not badly damaged during World War II. Many old storehouses, or kura, are here in their original condition. Kurashiki is a popular tourist spot.

## Museums

There are several museums in the historic _Bikan_ neighborhood of the city.
- The **City Art Museum** was designed by influential Japanese architect, Kenzō Tange.
- The **Ohara Museum of Art** shows European art and Japanese art. It features statues by Rodin, and pottery by Shōji Hamada and others. Torajiro Kojima built the original collection.
- **Kojima Torajiro Memorial Hall** shows paintings by this artist.
Ichinomiya, Aichi

is a Japanese city in Aichi on the island of Honshu.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2001.

## History

In the Edo period, Ichinomiya grew up around the Masumida Shrine.  It was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Owari Province.

## Timeline

- **1889** (_Meiji 32_): The town was established by the merger of Ichinomiya and Ichishiki.
- **September 1, 1921** (_Taishō 10_): The city was established.
- **1940** (_Shōwa 15_): Merged with the villages of Haguri and Nishinari.
- **1955** (_Shōwa 30_): Merged with surrounding 8 municipalities.
- **April 1, 2002** (_Heisei 14_): Ichinomiya became a Special City.
- **April 1, 2005** (_Heisei 17_): Absorbed the city of Bisai and the town of Kisogawa from Haguri District.

## Geography

The city is northwest of Nagoya.

## Other websites

- http://www.city.ichinomiya.aichi.jp/multilingual/ , [http://www.city.ichinomiya.aichi.jp/ ]

## Infobox (city japan)

- **name**: Ichinomiya
- **japanesename**: 一宮
- **official name**: 一宮市 · Ichinomiya
- **settlement type**: Special cities of Japan, Special city
- **mapimage**: Ichinomiya in Aichi Prefecture Ja.svg
- **region**: Chūbu region, Chūbu
- **prefecture**: Aichi Prefecture, Aichi
- **imageskyline**: Masumida shrine.jpg
- **imagecaption**: Ichinomiya takes its name after Masumida Shrine
- **area km2**: 113.91
- **popdate**: October 1, 2005
- **population**: 378,409
- **density km2**: 3322.00
- **tree**: Round-Leaf Holly
- **flower**: Chinese bellflower, Balloon Flower
- **image flag**: Flag of Ichinomiya, Aichi.svg
- **symbolimage**: Emblem of Ichinomiya, Aichi.svg
- **symboldescription**: Emblem
- **mayor**: Kazuo Tani
- **cityhallpostalcode**: 491-8501
- **cityhalladdress**: 2-5-6 Honmachi, Ichinomiya-shi, Aichi-ken
- **cityhalllink**: [http://www.city.ichinomiya.aichi.jp/ City of Ichinomiya]
Takasaki

is Japanese city in Gunma Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

It has been recognized as a core city since 2011.

## History

The tradition of the daruma doll as a good luck charm was started at the  in Takasaki.

## Other websites

- Takasaki City website
Takatsuki, Osaka

**Takatsuki** is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū.

It has been recognized as a core city since 2003.

## Other websites

- Takatsuki City website
Ōmihachiman

**Ōmihachiman** is a city in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū.
Sakado, Saitama

**Sakado** is a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū.
Hamamatsu

**Hamamatsu** is a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū. Every May 3-5, the Hammamatsu Festival is held in the city. There are three wards (Chūō, Hamana, and Tenryū) in this city on and after January 1, 2024.

## Related page

- Honda F.C.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **settlement type**: Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan, Designated city
- **image skyline**: Hamamatsu Montage2.jpg
- **image caption**: From top left: City center, Act city, Kazimachi, Hamamatsu Castle, Bentenzima, Government district
- **image flag**: Flag of Hamamatsu, Shizuoka.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Hamamatsu, Shizuoka.svg
- **nickname**: "City of Music"
- **image map1**: Hamamatsu in Shizuoka Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption1**: Location of Hamamatsu in Shizuoka Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Chūbu region, Chūbu (Tōkai region, Tōkai)
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Shizuoka Prefecture, Shizuoka
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Yūsuke Nakano
- **area total km2**: 1558.06
- **population total**: 791707
- **population as of**: December 1, 2019
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population metro footnotes**: (2015)
- **population metro**: 1129296 (Urban Employment Area, 13th)
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec1**: Symbols
- **blank info sec1**:  
- **blank1 name sec1**: • Tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: Pine
- **blank2 name sec1**: • Flower
- **blank2 info sec1**: Citrus unshiu, Mikan
- **blank3 name sec1**: • Bird
- **blank3 info sec1**: Japanese bush warbler
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 53-457-2111
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 103-2 Motoshiro-chō, Chuō-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka-ken 430-8652
Numazu

is a Japanese city in Shizuoka Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2000.

## History

In the Edo period, _Numazu-juku_ and _Hara-juku_ was the 12th and 13th of 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (_shuku-eki_) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto. Both Tōkaidō rest stops are within the boundaries of modern Numazu.

## Related pages

- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_

## Other websites

- http://www.city.numazu.shizuoka.jp/living_in/english.htm ,
Kaminoyama

**Kaminoyama** is a city in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: Kaminoyama city hall.JPG
- **image caption**: Kaminoyama City Hall
- **image flag**: Flag of Kaminoyama Yamagata.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Kaminoyama, Yamagata.svg
- **image map**: Kaminoyama in Yamagata Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Kaminoyama in Yamagata Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Tōhoku region, Tōhoku
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Yamagata Prefecture, Yamagata
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **area total km2**: 240.93
- **population total**: 31476
- **population as of**: November 2015
- **population density km2**: 131
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec1**: City symbols
- **blank info sec1**:  
- **blank1 name sec1**: - Tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: Japanese yew
- **blank2 name sec1**: - Flower
- **blank2 info sec1**: Chrysanthemum
- **blank3 name sec1**: - Bird
- **blank3 info sec1**: Little egret
- **blank4 name sec1**: -Fish
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 023-672-1111
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 1-1-10 Kawasaki, Kaminoyama-shi, Yamagata-ken 999-3192
- **website**: [http://www.city.kaminoyama.yamagata.jp/ http://www.city.kaminoyama.yamagata.jp/]
Western philosophy

**Western philosophy** is the school of thinking of Western civilisation. Generally, it is seen to start with the philosophy of Ancient Greece. Its early devleopment mainly occurred in Europe and the countries around the Mediterranean.

It is different from Eastern philosophy,  which developed in Asian countries such as China, Persia, Japan, India, Korea and Russia.

Philosophical thought developed in Babylon, and that relating to Islam are sometimes counted as "Eastern", and sometimes as "Western".
Shizuoka (city)

**Shizuoka** is the capital city of Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan. It is on the island of Honshū. The population was 3,765,044 in 2010. There are three areas of the city: Aoi, Suruga, and Shimizu.

## Places

- **Granship** is a large, public convention facility designed by architect Arata Isozaki.
- **Miho no Matsubara** is a place on the Miho peninsula with pine trees and views of Mount Fuji on a clear day. The pine groves were added to the World Heritage List as part of the Fujisan Cultural Site in 2013.
- **Nihondaira** is a 308-metre hill in central Shizuoka with good views of Mount Fuji, the Izu Peninsula, and Shimizu Bay.
- **Kunōzan Tōshō-gū** was the original burial place of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
- New Tower was built in Sumpujou Park in 2013.

## Education

- Shizuoka University
- Tokai University
- Tokoha Gakuen University
- Shizuoka Eiwa Gakuin University

## People from Shizuoka

- Princess Akishino—princess in the Japanese Imperial Family
- Masafumi Goto—lead vocalist/rhythm guitarist of the J-rock band Asian Kung-Fu Generation
- Koji Gyotoku—football player and coach of Bhutan national football team
- Keiko Masuda—Singer, "Kei" of female pop music duo Pink Lady
- Kazuyoshi Miura—football player
- Riyo Mori—Miss Universe 2007
- Mitsuyo Nemoto—Singer, "Mie" of Pink Lady
- Momoko Sakura—cartoonist, creator of _Chibi Maruko-chan_
- Atsuto Uchida—football player
- Yoshito Usui—creator of Crayon Shin-Chan
- Takahiro Yamada—bassist of Asian Kung-Fu Generation

## Related pages

- Shimizu S-Pulse

## Infobox (chinese)

- **title**: Shizuoka
- **pic**: Shizuoka (Chinese characters).svg
- **piccap**: "Shizuoka" in _kanji_
- **picupright**: 0.4
- **kanji**: 静岡
- **hiragana**: しずおか
- **katakana**: シズオカ
- **romaji**: Shizuoka
Fuji, Shizuoka

is a Japanese city in eastern Shikuoka Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It is near Mount Fuji.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2001.

## History

In the Edo period,  was the 14th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (_shuku-eki_) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

## Related pages

- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_

## Other websites

- http://www.city.fuji.shizuoka.jp/hp/menu000009500/hpg000009476.htm ; [http://www.city.fuji.shizuoka.jp/ ]
Futsal

**Futsal** is a sport that is like association football, but on hard court. It is played on indoor courts by two teams with five players each. Its name is short for _futebol de salão_, which means "room football" in the Portuguese language, or _fútbol de sala_, which is the same in the Spanish language. Futsal is most popular in European countries, like Portugal, Spain, Italy, Russia and Kazakhstan and South American countries, like Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. However, it is also played in many other countries.

The pitch is between 38 and 42 meters long and between 20 and 25 meters wide. This is shorter and narrower than football. The pitch is a hard court and smooth, unlike grass in football. The halves of the game are both twenty minutes long, shorter than the usual 45 minutes in football. There are 6 players on the court in total, including the goalkeeper. Substitutions are unlimited, and the maximum number of subs is 9. Players who break the rules can get yellow or red cards. If a player gets a red card, they can't play in that game anymore. The team that got the red card also has to play with one less player for two minutes or until the other team scores a goal. Another difference from football is that when the ball goes out, instead of throwing it back in, it is kicked in. There is also no offside in futsal.

A teacher from Uruguay called Juan Carlos Ceriani made the game in 1930. The rules were made in Sao Paulo, Brazil in 1933. He used rule templates from Football (soccer), Basketball, and Handball. A World Championship was held in 1971 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The first Futsal World Cup was in 1989 in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Since 1992 it is played every 4 years. In the 2016 Summer Olympics, Futsal was played for the first time in the Olympics.

## The importance of the futsal rules

The importance of futsal are the rules. There is a 6 second rules on the goalkeeper if they hold it longer it is a foul called on the goalkeeper. I will add the importance of no throw ins you have to set the ball on the floor and play. Free-kicks have to be 2 touch and the wall has to be 2 feet or 3 feet away The goalkeeper punts are not allowed in futsal , It is a closed area or open with a net or ceiling on top. Soccer and futsal are very different. Soccer is a sport that is played on a way bigger pitch with 10 players (110 by 100m long and 75 by 64 m wide) and it has different motion throughout the game like how the ball moves fast , slow you may never know. Futsal has about 5-6 players and the pitch is 3x smaller than a soccer pitch and it is about  (25 - 42 m long 16 - 20 m wide).  There are no slide tackles or else the is a foul called on you. Their is headers available but futsal is usually played fast and on the floor. If the ball touches the top net or ceiling it is the other teams ball.

## FIFA Futsal World Cup winners

- Netherlands 1989: Brazil
- Hong Kong 1992: Brazil
- Spain 1996: Brazil
- Guatemala 2000: Spain
- Chinese Taipei 2004: Spain
- Brazil 2008: Brazil
- Thailand 2012: Brazil
- Colombia 2016: Argentina
- Lithuania 2021: Portugal
- Uzbekistan 2024: Brazil
Niigata (city)

is the capital city of Niigata Prefecture in Japan. The port city is on the island of Sea of Japan.  The city has the mouth of Shinano River which is the longest river in Japan.

## Wards

Niigata has eight neighborhoods or wards (_ku_).

## History

On April 1, 2007 Niigata City became the largest Nihonkai coast city as a government-designated city.

## Related pages

- Albirex Niigata
- Niigata Prefecture
- Echigo Province
- Sado Province

## Other websites

- Niigata City website

## Infobox (city japan)

- **name**: Niigata
- **japanesename**: 新潟
- **official name**: 新潟市 · City of Niigata
- **settlement type**: City designated by government ordinance, Designated city
- **imagecaption**: From top left: NEXT21, Bandai Bridge, Toki Messe, Niigata Stadium, Central Niigata and Shinano River in the night, Rainbow Tower
- **mapimage**: Niigata in Niigata Prefecture Ja.svg
- **region**: Chūbu region, Chūbu
- **prefecture**: Niigata Prefecture, Niigata
- **area km2**: 726.09
- **popdate**: January 31, 2012
- **population**: 804,193
- **density km2**: 1107.57
- **tree**: Willow
- **flower**: Tulip
- **image flag**: Flag of Niigata, Niigata.svg
- **symbolimage**: Emblem of Niigata, Niigata.svg
- **symboldescription**: Seal
- **mayor**: Akira Shinoda
- **cityhallpostalcode**: 951-8550
- **cityhalladdress**: 1-602-1 Gakkōchō-dōri, Chūō-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata-ken
Raymond Chandler

**Raymond Chandler** (July 23, 1888 – March 26, 1959) was an American novelist and a screenwriter. He was born in Chicago. He became a detective fiction writer after he lost a position as an oil executive.

His first short story, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot", was published in 1933 in _Black Mask,_ a popular pulp magazine.  His first novel, _The Big Sleep_, was published in 1939. In addition to his short stories, Chandler published just seven novels during his lifetime. In the year before he died, he was elected president of the Mystery Writers of America. He died on March 26, 1959, in La Jolla, California.

## Novels

- _The Big Sleep_ (1939). Based on the short stories "Killer in the Rain" (1935) and "The Curtain" (1936).
- _Farewell, My Lovely_ (1940). Based on the short stories "The Man Who Liked Dogs" (1936), "Try The Girl" (1937) and "Mandarin's Jade" (1937).
- _The High Window_ (1942). Based on the short stories "Bay City Blues" (1938) and "The Lady In The Lake" (1939).
- _The Lady in the Lake_ (1943). Based on the short stories "Bay City Blues" (1938), "The Lady In The Lake" (1939), "No Crime In The Mountains" (1941).
- _The Little Sister_ (1949). Scenes based on the short story "Bay City Blues" (1938).
- _The Long Goodbye_ (1953 UK; Sept 1954 USA; Edgar Award for Best Novel, 1955).
- _Playback_ (1958). Based on an unproduced screenplay.
- _Poodle Springs_ (1959). (incomplete; completed by Robert B. Parker in 1989).

These are the criminal cases of Philip Marlowe, a Los Angeles private investigator. Their plots follow a pattern in which the men and women who hire him reveal themselves to be as corrupt, corrupting, and criminally complicit as those against whom he is hired to protect them.

## Screenplays

- _The Blue Dahlia_
- Double Indemnity
- Strangers on a Train
- Playback (Unproduced)

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Raymond Chandler
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **death place**: La Jolla, California, United States
- **occupation**: Novelist
- **nationality**: American _(1888–1907, 1956–59)_
British _(1907–56)_
- **period**: 1933–59
- **genre**: crime fiction, suspense, hardboiled
Bullfinch

**Bullfinches** are a genus of passerine birds in the finch family (Fringillidae). They belong to the genus ***Pyrrhula***.

The genus has a palearctic distribution. All species occur in Asia with two species exclusively in the Himalayas and one species, _P. pyrrhula_, also occurring in Europe. The Azores bullfinch (_P. murina_) is a critically endangered species (about 120 pairs remaining), occurring only in the east of the island of São Miguel in the Azores archipelago.

Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome _b_ sequence indicates that the holarctic pine grosbeak (_Pinicola enucleator_) is the sister group to the ancestor of the bullfinches.

The evolution of the bullfinch species started soon after the pine grosbeak's ancestors diverged from them (at the end of the middle Miocene, about a dozen million years ago (mya). It is fairly certain is that the bullfinch radiation started in the general area of the Himalayas. The mountain finches also seem to be part of this clade.

Bullfinches have glossy black wings and tail feathers. They show a white rump. The legs and feet are fleshy brown. Their short, swollen bill is adapted to eat buds, and is black except in _P. nipalensis_, which has a yellowish bill. The males can be distinguished by their orange or red breast. Some species have a black cap.

Probably most populations are partially migratory. Most migrants move short or medium distances. North European birds move within a wider compass than central European birds. Numbers migrating show marked annual fluctuations; no link with any particular food source has been established. Autumn migration begins late, and is fairly brief, mostly October–November; spring migration February–April.

The Eurasian bullfinch population in Britain has been in serious decline since the mid-1970s; numbers have fallen by 62 per cent in 35 years. Data suggests that productivity has increased over the last decade, and nest failure rates at the chick stage (15 days) have fallen from 37% to 21%.
Goldfinch

**Goldfinch** are finches of the genus ***Carduelis***. They are small passerine birds of the family Fringillidae.

The goldfinch breeds across Europe, North Africa, and western and central Asia, in open, partially wooded lowlands. It is resident in the milder west of its range, but migrates from colder regions. It will also make local movements, even in the west, to escape bad weather. It has been introduced to many areas of the world.

The goldfinch's preferred food is small seeds such as those from thistles and teasels, but insects are also taken when feeding young. It also regularly visits bird feeders in winter. They nest in the outer twigs of tall leafy trees, or even in bamboo, laying four to six eggs which hatch in 11–14 days.

In the winter goldfinches group together to form flocks of up to forty birds, occasionally more. The song is a pleasant silvery twittering.
Margaret Corbin

**Margaret Corbin** (born Margaret Cochran, November 12, 1751 – January 16, 1800) was a woman who fought in the American Revolutionary War She and her husband John Corbin were both from Philadelphia. On November 16, 1776, they were part of 600 American soldiers defending Fort Washington in northern Manhattan. The fort was being attacked by about 4,000 Hessian troops under British command. John and Margaret worked one of the two cannons at the fort. When her husband died, Margaret took his place at his cannon. She kept firing until she was badly hurt. She later became the first woman in U.S. history to get a pension from Congress for military service.
David Strassman

**David Strassman** (born September 6, 1957) is an American ventriloquist. He is widely known for performing Chuck and Ted E. Bare, as well as many other puppets.

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: David Strassman
- **image**: David Strassman.jpg
- **caption**: Strassman with Chuck Wood
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, United States, U.S.
- **other name**: Dave Strassman
- **medium**: Stand-up
- **nationality**: American
- **active**: 1980-present
- **genre**: Ventriloquism
- **website**: [http://www.chuckwood.com/ www.ChuckWood.com]
Machida, Tokyo

is a Japanese city in the western part of the greater metropolis of Tokyo, Japan. It is in the Tsurumigawa River basin.

## History

The city was founded on February 1, 1958.

Before 1965, Machida was a group of farm villages near Tokyo.

## Related pages

- F.C. Machida Zelvia
- Oberlin University

## Infobox (settlement)

- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: Machida-City-Office2013.jpg
- **image caption**: Machida City Hall
- **image flag**: Flag of Machida, Tokyo.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Machida, Tokyo.svg
- **image map**: Machida in Tokyo Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Machida in Tokyo
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Kantō region, Kantō
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Tokyo
- **area total km2**: 71.80
- **population total**: 429,040
- **population as of**: February 2016
- **population density km2**: 5980
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec1**: Symbols
- **blank info sec1**:  
- **blank1 name sec1**: • Tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: Zelkova serrata
- **blank2 name sec1**: • Flower
- **blank2 info sec1**: Scarlet sage
- **blank3 name sec1**: • Bird
- **blank3 info sec1**: Common kingfisher
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 042-722-3111
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 1-20-23 Nakamachi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8520
Ichikawa, Chiba

**Ichikawa** is a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū. It is just to the east of Tokyo. There are a lot of schools and universities there. Ichikawa station is between Koiwa and Motoyawata Stations on the Chūō-Sōbu Line.

## Local attractions

- **Satomi-kōen** is a historic park in the city. It is near Konodai station. There are lots of flowers in this park. Many tourists visit here every year. Akedo kofun is an historic tomb in the park.

### Universities

- Chiba University of Commerce
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Wayo Women's University
- Showagakuin Junior College

## Sister cities

- Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia, from November 4, 1989.
- Gardena, California, USA from November 6, 1962
- Leshan, People's Republic of China, from October 21, 1981
- Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Rosenheim, Germany, from July 14, 2004.
- Wonju, South Korea

## People from Ichikawa

- Kuniko Inoguchi – Cabinet minister
- Michio Hoshino – photographer
- Yuki Abe – professional soccer player
- Atsuko Maeda – AKB48 singer
- Peter Takeo Okada – Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tokyo
Niihama

**Niihama** is a city in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Shikoku.

## Infobox (place symbols)

- **embedded**: yes
- **tree**: Camphor Laurel
- **flower**: Azalea


## Infobox (settlement)

- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: View of Niihama city.jpg
- **image flag**: Flag of Niihama, Ehime.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Niihama, Ehime.svg
- **image map**: Niihama in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Niihama in Ehime Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Japan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Shikoku
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Ehime Prefecture
- **subdivision type3**: Districts of Japan, District
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Takuya Furukawa (since November 2024)
- **leader title1**: Vice Mayor
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 234.30
- **population total**: 125,711
- **population as of**: August 31, 2016
- **population density km2**: 519.67
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time, JST
- **utc offset1**: +09:00
- **blank name sec1**: City hall address
- **blank info sec1**: 1-5-1 Ikkuchō, Niihama-shi, Ehime-ken
792-8585
Fujisawa, Kanagawa

**Fujisawa** (藤沢市, Fujisawa-shi) is a Japanese city in Kanagawa Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

## History

In the Edo period, _Fujisawa-shuku_ was 6th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (_shuku-eki_) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

The area of the city expanded around Yugyō-ji temple (遊行寺) after 1325.

## Related pages

- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_

## Other websites

- http://www.city.fujisawa.kanagawa.jp/introduce/english/ ; [http://www.city.fujisawa.kanagawa.jp/ ]
Urawa, Saitama

**Urawa** was a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. It is now part of the city of Saitama.
Itabashi

is one of the 23 special wards in Tokyo, Japan.

The municipality calls itself "Itabashi City" in English.

## Geography

Itabashi is in northern Tokyo. It borders Toshima to the south.  Nerima is on the ward's western border. The Arakawa River and Saitama Prefecture are the norther border.  Kita is on the east.

## Related pages

- List of special wards of Tokyo
- Capital of Japan

## Other websites

- Itabashi website ;   [http://www.city.itabashi.tokyo.jp/ ]
- Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Special wards
Himeji, Hyōgo

**Himeji** () is a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū. The city is well known for its landmark, Himeji Castle. It has been recognized as a core city since 1996.

## Infobox (place symbols)

- **embedded**: yes
- **tree**: Evergreen Oak
- **flower**: _Pecteilis radiata_
- **bird**: Great egret, White Heron


## Infobox (settlement)

- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Core cities of Japan, Core city
- **image skyline**: Himeji montage2.jpg
- **image caption**: Himeji Castle
Nada Fighting Festival, Engyō-ji
View from the castle, Ieshima, Hyōgo, Ieshima, Mount Seppiko, Mt. Seppiko
- **image flag**: Flag of Himeji, Hyogo.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Himeji, Hyogo.svg
- **seal type**: Emblem
- **image map**: Himeji in Hyogo Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Himeji in Hyōgo Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Japan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Kansai region, Kansai
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Hyōgo Prefecture
- **subdivision type3**: Districts of Japan, District
- **established title1**: First official recordsed
- **established date1**: 3rd century AD
- **established title2**: City settled
- **established date2**: April 1, 1889
- **extinct title**: Now part of
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Hideyasu Kiyomoto (from April 2019)
- **leader title1**: Vice Mayor
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 534.43
- **population total**: 530,517
- **population as of**: July 1, 2019
- **population density km2**: 992.68
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time, JST
- **utc offset1**: +09:00
- **blank name sec1**: City hall address
- **blank info sec1**: 4-1 Yasuda
670-8501
Autopsy (band)

**Autopsy** is an American death metal band from Concord, California. Autopsy has four members in the band; the current band members are Chris Reifert, Danny Coralles, Eric Cutler and Joe Trevisano.

## Band members

- Current
- Chris Reifert – drums/vocals (1987–present)
- Danny Coralles – guitar (1987–present)
- Eric Cutler – guitar (1987–present)
- Joe Trevisano - bass (2010–present)

- Former
- Eric Eigard – bass (1987–1988)
- Ken Sorvari – bass (1988)
- Steve Cutler – bass (1990–1991)
- Josh Barohn – bass (1991–1993)
- Freeway Migliore – bass (1993–1995)
- Dan Lilker - bass (the 2010 Maryland Deathfest Show)

## Discography

So far as of 2011, Autopsy has released 5 Studio albums:

### Albums

- _Severed Survival_ (1989)
- _Mental Funeral_ (1991)
- _Acts of the Unspeakable_ (1992)
- _Shitfun_ (1995)
- _Macabre Eternal_ (2011)

## Other websites

- Official Myspace

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Autopsy
- **img**: Autopsy - Setembro Negro.jpg
- **img capt**: Autopsy at Setembro Negro 2012
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Concord, California, Concord, California
United States
- **genre**: Death metal, doom metal, death-doom
- **years active**: 1987–1995, 2008, 2009–_present_
- **label**: Peaceville Records
- **associated acts**: Abscess (band), Abscess
Death (metal band), Death
Eatmyfuk
Sadus
Suffocation (band), Suffocation
The Ravenous
- **url**: [http://www.myspace.com/autopsyofficial Autopsy Myspace]
- **current members**: Chris Reifert
Danny Coralles
Eric Cutler
Joe Trevisano
- **past members**: Eric Eigard
Steve Cutler
Ken Sorvari
Josh Barohn
Freeway Migliore
Dan Lilker
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

**Simple Mail Transfer Protocol** (**SMTP**) is an Internet communication protocol used to send and relay an email message between email servers. It is not used to retrieve email messages from a server. Instead either IMAP or POP is used to retrieve email messages.

## Related pages

- Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
- Post Office Protocol (POP)
Richard Beckinsale

**Richard Arthur Beckinsale** (6 July 1947 – 19 March 1979) was a British actor.

Beckinsale was born in Carlton, Nottinghamshire and went to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London.

He had starring roles in five sitcoms. They are: _The Lovers_, _Rising Damp_, _Porridge_, its spin-off _Going Straight_ and _Bloomers_.

Beckinsale had two daughters, actresses Samantha and Kate Beckinsale. He died of a heart attack in Sunningdale, Berkshire.
Kenneth Williams

**Kenneth Charles Williams** (22 February 1926 – 15 April 1988) was a British actor and comedian. He acted in movies including 26 _Carry On_s. He appeared in many television and radio shows and on stage.

## Life and death

Kenneth Williams was gay. He was born in North London and died there of a barbiturate overdose.
Louis-Ferdinand Céline

**Louis-Ferdinand Céline** was a pen name of **Louis-Ferdinand Destouches** (Courbevoie, 27 May 1894 – Meudon 1 July 1961) was a French writer and physician. Céline was his grandmother's first name. He is thought to be one of the most important writers of the twentieth century. He created a new style of writing that modernized both French and world literature. His most famous work is _Journey to the End of the Night_. He is a controversial person because of his anti-Semitic pamphlets. He was married to dancer Lucette Destouches.

## Works

- 1932: _Journey to the End of the Night_ (_Voyage au bout de la nuit_)
- 1936: _Death on Credit_  (_Mort à crédit_)
- 1936: _Mea Culpa_
- 1937: _Trifles for a Massacre_ (_Bagatelles pour un massacre_
- 1938: _School for Corpses_ (_L'École des cadavres_),
- 1941: _A Nice Mess_ (_Les Beaux Draps_)
- 1944: _Guignol's Band_
- 1949: _Cannon-fodder_ (_Casse-pipe_) 1949
- 1952: _Fable for Another Time_ (_Féerie pour une autre fois_)
- 1954: _Normance: Fable for Another Time II_ (_Normance - Féerie pour une autre fois II_)
- 1955: _Conversations with Professor Y_ (_Entretiens avec le Professeur Y_)
- 1957: _Castle to castle_ (_D'un château l'autre_),
- 1960: _North_ (_Nord_)
- 1964: _London Bridge: Guignol's Band II_ (_Le Pont de Londres − Guignol's band II_
- 1969: _Rigadoon_ (_Rigodon_)
Hamid Karzai

**Hamid Karzai** (, ; born 24 December 1957) is a former President of Afghanistan. He served from 22 December 2001 to 29 September 2014. He was the first democratically elected leader of the country.

He is ethnic Pashtun from Kandahar and can speak several different language, including English, French, Persian, Urdu and his native Pashto language. He was educated in Afghanistan and India. He lived in Pakistan before becoming popular in late 2001. He has many family members and relatives living in the United States.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Hamid Karzai

- **image**: Hamid Karzai in August 2009 cropped.jpgborder
- **office**: President of Afghanistan
- **vicepresident**: Karim Khalili
Mohammed Fahim
Yunus Qanuni
- **term start**: 22 December 2001
- **term end**: 29 September 2014

- **predecessor**: Burhanuddin Rabbani
- **successor**: Ashraf Ghani
- **birth place**: Kandahar, Kingdom of Afghanistan, Afghanistan
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **spouse**: Zeenat Karzai, Zeenat Quraishi
- **children**: Mirwais
Malalai
Howsi
- **alma mater**: Himachal Pradesh University
1570 Concepción earthquake

The **1570 Concepción earthquake** occurred at 9:00 (13:00 UTC), on February 8, 1570. The earthquake destroyed the town of  Concepción. A tsunami was caused and aftershocks were reported for months after the earthquake.

## Infobox (earthquake)

- **title**: 1570 Concepción earthquake
- **pre-1900**: yes
- **timestamp**: 1570-02-08 13:00
- **local-date**: February 8, 1570
- **local-time**: 9:00 am
- **magnitude**: 8.3
- **intensity**: XI Mercalli intensity scale, MMI
- **tsunami**: Yes
- **aftershocks**: Yes, for about 5 months
- **casualties**: Est. over 2000
Parma (disambiguation)

**Parma** is a city in Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Parma.

## Things about the city of Parma

- The Duchy of Parma, an earlier name for the area around Parma
- Parma River, which divides the city and flows into the Po river
- Parma F.C., the football (soccer) team from Parma
- _The Charterhouse of Parma_, an 1839 novel by Stendhal that mostly happens in Parma

## Places in the United States

- Parma, Idaho
- Parma, Michigan
- Parma Township, Michigan
- Parma, Missouri
- Parma, New York
- Parma, Ohio
- Parma Heights, Ohio

## Other uses

- Parma, Tibet
- Parmigiana, a food dish
Monbetsu, Hokkaido

**Monbetsu** is a city in Hokkaido, Japan. It is on the shore of the Sea of Okhotsk.

## Other websites

- Official Website (In Japanese)
Catatonia

**Catatonia** means a person is awake, but does not move, talk, or react to anything but pain. The person can stay stiff and still for hours. A person with catatonia may look to be in a stupor (being mentally numb and in a daze).  The cause is in the nervous system; the brain and nerves. This problem was first written about in 1874 in _Die Katatonie oder das Spannungsirresein_.

## Causes

Catatonia can sometimes happen with mental disorders. It can be a symptom of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression. Catatonia may also happen when a person abuses drugs or overdoses by taking too much of a drug.

Catatonia can also be caused by many different medical disorders. Some causes are infections, such as encephalitis; autoimmune diseases; damage to the brain from strokes; and metabolic problems.

A person can also get catatonia from benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome, which happens if the person quickly stops taking benzodiazepine medications.

## Treatment

Doctors can treat catatonia. They usually start with medicines such as benzodiazepines. If those medicines do not work; doctors may use shock therapy. Antipsychotic medicines can also be used, but with safety in mind. Sometimes they can make catatonia worse or have bad side effects. A group of anesthetic drugs called NMDA antagonists may be helpful when benzodiazepines don't work.

## Other websites

- Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders - Catatonic Disorders

## Infobox (_disease)

- **name**: Catatonic schizophrenia
- **meshid**: D002389
Vinessa Shaw

**Vinessa Elizabeth Shaw** (born 19 July 1976) is an American actress and model. Shaw was born in Los Angeles, California. She has starred in many movies since the early 1990s. These include _Hocus Pocus_, _Ladybugs_, the 2006 remake of _The Hills Have Eyes_, and _Two Lovers_.
Bezliudivka

**Bezliudivka** (Ukrainian: _Безлюдівка_; Russian: _Безлюдовка_) is a rural settlement in the Kharkiv Oblast of eastern Ukraine. It is next to the southern edge of the city of Kharkiv.

## History

For a long time, it was thought that Bezliudivka was first mentioned in the 1680s. Some sources also stated a made-up founding year of 1660.However, in 2024, a study was published showing a document from 1677 that mentions Bezliudivka, proving that the area was settling at that time. It was determined that the settlementwas founded between 1673 and 1677, and its name comes from the destruction caused by the 1668 uprising.

On October 19, 1938, the village of Bezliudivka was moved to the category of city-type settlements.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Bezliudivka
- **native name**:  Безлюдівка
- **native name lang**: uk
- **image shield**: Coat of arms of Bezlyudivka.png
- **settlement type**: Rural Settlement
- **population total**: 9135
- **population as of**: 2022
- **population density km2**: auto
- **area total km2**: 8,2
- **established title**: Foundation
- **established date**: 1677
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**:  Ukraine
- **subdivision type1**: Oblast
- **subdivision name1**:  Kharkiv Oblast
- **subdivision type2**: Raion
- **subdivision name2**:  Kharkiv Raion
- **other name**:  Безлюдовка
Joué-du-Plain

**Joué-du-Plain** is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France. The commune was mentioned in 1216 by the name of "Jeum". There are 201 people living there. It is  in size. The highest point in the commune is . The river l'Udon flows through the commune. The forest of Mancelliere is here. The community festival is 29 June.

## Important places

The church in the commune is dedicated to Saints Gervais and Portais.  The architectural elements are pointed arches, a Norman tower and Roman arches. The church was rebuilt in the Renaissance. Inside the church are sculptures of St. Gervais and Saint Portais made in the 18th century. Also, there is an 18th century sculpture of Saint Michael made in stone and painted. There are also sculpted wooden stalls, a statue of the Virgin Mary and a baptismal font made in the 18th century. The cemetery around the church has two 16th century entrances.

Another important place in the commune is Château de la Motte. The chateau is a 19th century building.

## Legends

Joué-du-Plain has a legend that the lord of Chantelou killed his wife and her lover. The lord painted the front of his chateau with their blood. The farm called Baritaur is the former place of the lord called "Red House of Chante-lou"
Military taxonomy

**Military taxonomy** is an indexing tool or record-keeping template. It includes weapons, equipment, organizations, strategies, and tactics.

Military taxonomy can be used to analyze field missions and other activities. For example, a taxonomy of terrorism would include terms related to terrorists, terrorist groups, terrorist attacks, weapons, venues, and characteristics of terrorists and terrorist groups.

A taxonomy of terms that describes types of military actions is affected by how all elements are defined and used. Many military strategies can be analyzed using a taxonomy model.