juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kantoku

was a  after _Chōkyū_ and before _Eishō._  This period started in November 1044 and ended in April 1046.  The reigning emperors were  and .

## Events of the _Kantoku_ era

- **1045** (_Kantoku 2, 16th day of the 1st month_):  Emperor Go-Suzaku abdicated; and his eldest son received the succession (_senso_) on the same day.  Soon after, Emperor Go-Reizei 's role as monarch is confirmed by ceremonies (_sokui_).
- **1045** (_Kantoku 2, 18th day in the 1st month_): Go-Suzaku died at the age of 37.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Kantoku|1st|2nd|3rd|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1044|1045|1046|
Saint Joseph, Barbados

**Saint Joseph** is a parish of Barbados on the eastern side of the island.  The parish is home to two of the more notable botanic gardens in the country - Flower Forest and Andromeda Gardens.  Parts of St. Joseph are called the Scotland District because of the appearance of the landscape.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Saint Joseph
- **type**: Parishes of Barbados, Parish
- **image skyline**: Saint Joseph, Barbados 005.jpg
- **image map**: Saint Joseph in Barbados.svg
- **mapsize**: frameless
- **map caption**: Map of Barbados showing the Saint Joseph parish
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Barbados
- **area total km2**: 26
- **seat type**: Largest city
- **seat**: Bathsheba
- **population as of**: 2010 census
- **population total**: 6620
- **population density km2**: auto
- **government type**: Parliamentary democracy
- **leader title**: Parliament of Barbados, Parliamentry seats
- **leader name**: 1
- **iso code**: BB-06
Saint Lucy, Barbados

**Saint Lucy** ("St. Lucy") is the northern-most area in the country of Barbados.  Saint Lucy is the only parish of Barbados to be named after a female patron saint, Saint Lucy of Syracuse.  Saint Lucy was the location of a United States Navy base at Harrison's Point.  Saint Lucy is also a peninsula, surrounded on three sides by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, east and west.

Saint Lucy is the birthplace of Barbados's first Prime Minister, Errol Barrow. It is also the birthplace of two cricketers; Charlie Griffith and Manny Martindale.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Saint Lucy
- **type**: Parishes of Barbados, Parish
- **image map**: Saint Lucy in Barbados.svg
- **mapsize**: frameless
- **map caption**: Map of Barbados showing the Saint Lucy parish
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Barbados
- **area total km2**: 36
- **seat type**: Largest city
- **seat**: Checker Hall
- **population as of**: 2010 census
- **population total**: 9758
- **population density km2**: auto
- **government type**: Parliamentary democracy
- **leader title**: Parliament of Barbados, Parliamentry seats
- **leader name**: 1
- **iso code**: BB-07
Saint Michael, Barbados

**St. Michael** is one of eleven parishes of Barbados. It is in the south-west part of the island.

The parish is home to Bridgetown, the capital of Barbados. There is also the international seaport of Barbados—the Deep Water Harbour. Rihanna, a singer was born in St. Michael.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Saint Michael
- **type**: Parishes of Barbados, Parish
- **image map**: Saint Michael in Barbados.svg
- **mapsize**: frameless
- **map caption**: Map of Barbados showing Saint Michael
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Barbados
- **area total km2**: 39
- **seat type**: Largest city
- **seat**: Bridgetown
- **population as of**: 2010 census
- **population total**: 88529
- **population density km2**: auto
- **government type**: Parliamentary democracy
- **leader title**: Parliament of Barbados, Parliamentary seats
- **leader name**: 11
- **iso code**: BB-08
Saint Peter, Barbados

**Saint Peter** ("St. Peter") is one of eleven parishes in the Caribbean island country of Barbados.  It is named after the Christian Apostle and Patron saint, Saint Peter.  It is in the north of Barbados.

Saint Peter is a tourist hot spot.  The parish is surrounded with white sand beaches, including those along Mullins Bay. The Barbados Wildlife Reserve is mostly a monkey sanctuary for the Barbados Green Monkey.  St Nicholas Abbey is one of the more famous landmarks on Barbados.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Saint Peter
- **type**: Parishes of Barbados, Parish
- **image skyline**: Saint Peter, Barbados 007.jpg
- **image caption**: A scenic shot of St. Peter
- **image map**: Saint Peter in Barbados.svg
- **mapsize**: frameless
- **map caption**: Map of Barbados showing the Saint Peter parish
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Barbados
- **area total km2**: 34
- **seat type**: Largest city
- **seat**: Speightstown
- **population as of**: 2010 census
- **population total**: 11300
- **population density km2**: auto
- **government type**: Parliamentary democracy
- **leader title**: Parliament of Barbados, Parliamentary seats
- **leader name**: 1
- **iso code**: BB-09
Medal of Aeronautics

**Medal of Aeronautics** ()  is a civil honor of the government of France.  It is awarded to those who have made outstanding contributions to the aviation industry.

## History

The Medal was established in February, 1945.

## Select recipients

- _This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it._
- Caroline Aigle
- Daniel Calleja
- Jorge Chavez, 1957
- James Stephen Fossett
- Yves Lambert
- Norman Lo
- David McMillan
- Louis Pailhas
- Francis Pollet
- Michel Tognini
- Wu Tongshui
- Brian Trubshaw, 1976

## Other websites

- Orders & Medals Society of America, Medal of Aeronautics/_Médaille de l'Aéronautique_
- Medal-medaille.com, Aeronautical Medal (_Médaille de l’Aéronautique_)
Asclepius

**Asclepius** (also spelled **Aesculapius**) was a demigod in Greek mythology. He was the son of Apollo. He was made god of medicine and healing.

Ascelpius was the god of medicines and healing and was often associated with Imhotep, the architect of the step pyramid of King Djoser.

## References

- Farnell, Lewis Richard. _Greek Hero Cults and Ideas of Immortality_, (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1921).
- Grimal, Pierre, _The Dictionary of Classical Mythology_, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, . pp. 62–63
- Hart, Gerald D. MD. _Asclepius: The God of Medicine_ (Royal Society of Medicine Press, 2000)
Eileithyia

**Eileithyia** (; ) was the goddess of childbirth and midwifery in Greek mythology. She is the daughter of Zeus and Hera, king and queen of the gods. While she is not a prominent deity in Ancient Greek religion, Eileithyia does feature in a number of myths. Her Roman counterpart was Lucina.

In the myth of Herakles, Zeus, king of the gods on Mount Olympus fathers a child with the Mycaenean princess and granddaughter of Perseus, Alcmene. Hera, wife of Zeus and queen of Olympus, is enraged at the illegitimate child, Herakles that comes from the union, sending Eileithyia to prevent Alcmene from giving birth, so Heracles's cousin Eurystheus becomes high king in his place.
Charites

The **Charites** (; , _Khárites_; sing. Χάρις), also known as the **Graces**, are three minor goddesses of charm, beauty, grace, and splendor in Greek mythology. They were the daughters of Zeus and Eurynome, and served as handmaidens of Aphrodite, goddess of love and beauty. In Roman mythology they are known as the **Gratiae** (the “Graces”). They are often shown in sculptures and mosaics as three naked women, holding hands and dancing in a circle. Their names are Euphrosyne ("the light-hearted one"), Thalia ("the flowering one"), and Aglaia ("the shining one").
Civil Aviation University of China

**Civil Aviation University of China** (Simplified Chinese 中国民航大学, Traditional Chinese 中國民航大學, Pinyin _Zhōngguó Mínháng Dàxué_), also known as **CAUC**, is a national university in Tianjin, China. It offers education and training in civil aviation for new pilots in China.

## History

CAUC was founded in 1951.

## Related pages

- Wu Tongshui
- French Civil Aviation University

## Other websites

- http://www.cauc.edu.cn/
Günter Blobel

**Günter Blobel** (May 21, 1936 – February 18, 2018) was a German-born American biochemist. His native city, Waltersdorf, now belongs to Poland.

He was elected a foreign member of the Academia Europaea in 1992.

He has received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1999 for his studies concerning protein targeting.

Blobel died in New York City on February 18, 2018 of prostate cancer at the age of 81.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Günter Blobel
- **image**: Gunter Blobel 2008 1.JPG
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Günter Blobel in 2008.
- **birth place**: Niegosławice, Waltersdorf, Prussia
- **death place**: New York City, U.S.
- **occupation**: Biochemist
- **nationality**: Germany, German-United States, American
- **known for**: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1999
Ahmed Abu Laban

**Ahmad Abu Laban** (born 1946 - 1 February 2007) was the leader of an organisation called Islamic Society of Denmark. In 2006, he complained about a series of cartoons that were printed in a Danish newspaper. He said the cartoons, which made fun of the prophet Muhammad, were offensive to Muslims. People in Syria, Lebanon.Afghanistan and Iran protested outside Danish embassies. There were riots in Afghanistan, in which 11 people were killed.

Ahmad was born in Palestine. He moved to Denmark with his family, and became a leading religious leader in the Danish Islamic community. He died in Copenhagen in 2007 from lung cancer.
Michel Tognini

**Michel Ange-Charles  Tognini** (born September 30, 1949, in Vincennes, France) is a French test pilot, astronaut, educator, writer and administrator.  Tognini is Head of the European Astronaut Centre (EAC) of the European Space Agency (ESA) in Cologne, Germany.

Tognini graduated from the _École de l'Air_.

## Awards and honors

- Medal of Aeronautics
- Chevalier de Ordre National du Mérite
- Commander dans l'Ordre de la Légion d'Honneur
- Soviet Order of Friendship between the People
- Russian Order of Friendship between the People

## Other websites

- NASA biography of Tognini
- Spacefacts biography of Tognini
All the Vermeers in New York

***All the Vermeers in New York*** is an American movie released in 1990. It was directed by Jon Jost.

## Plot

Mark is a broker on Wall Street who notices a woman that resembles a painting by Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer. The woman is named Anna and she is an actress from France. The two start a romantic relationship when they meet each other for the first time. Mark suffers from a cerebral hemorrhage while calling Anna and then  Anna disappears into a Vermeer painting at the end.

## Reception

The film won the Caligari Film Award at the Berlin International Film Festival in 1991. Roger Ebert liked the film, but he thought that it ended too soon.
Saint Philip, Barbados

**Saint Philip** is a parish of Barbados at the southeastern end of the island.

St. Philip has the largest land area of the 11 parishes of Barbados.  It has a mostly flat 'close to sea-level' land. It does not have a true city, rather villages and areas.

This parish is home to the only 'dependency' of Barbados called Culpepper Island. This tiny rock in the ocean is used as a feeding ground for sheep.  It cannot be reached unless by boat or by foot at low tide.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Saint Philip
- **type**: Parishes of Barbados, Parish
- **image skyline**: Saint Philip, Barbados 001.jpg
- **image map**: Saint Philip in Barbados.svg
- **mapsize**: frameless
- **map caption**: Map of Barbados showing the Saint Philip parish
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Barbados
- **area total km2**: 60
- **area total sq mi**: 23.17
- **seat type**: Largest city
- **seat**: Six Cross Roads, Barbados, Six Cross Roads
- **population as of**: 2010 census
- **population total**: 30662
- **population density km2**: auto
- **government type**: Parliamentary democracy
- **leader title**: Parliament of Barbados, Parliamentry seats
- **leader name**: 3
- **iso code**: BB-10
Saint Thomas, Barbados

**Saint Thomas** ("St. Thomas") is in the centre of Barbados. It is one of only two landlocked parishes in the island. The other is Saint George to the south.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Saint Thomas
- **type**: Parishes of Barbados, Parish
- **image map**: Saint Thomas in Barbados.svg
- **mapsize**: frameless
- **map caption**: Map of Barbados showing the Saint Thomas parish
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Barbados
- **area total km2**: 34
- **seat type**: Largest city
- **seat**: Welchman Hall
- **population as of**: 2010 census
- **population total**: 14249
- **population density km2**: auto
- **government type**: Parliamentary democracy
- **leader title**: Parliament of Barbados, Parliamentry seats
- **leader name**: 1
- **iso code**: BB-11
Liberty Kid

***Liberty Kid*** is a 2007 low budget American movie. It is directed by Ilya Chaiken. The movie has to do with two friends that lose their jobs at the Statue of Liberty after 9/11.

The movie won Best Film at the New York Latino Film Festival. The movie won Critics' Pick from both _The New York Times_ and _New York Magazine_.  The movie played at New York Latino Film Festival, the Woodstock Film Festival, and the Atlanta Film Festival. The DVD has an audio commentary by three actors, deleted scenes, behind the scenes, photo gallery, and conversations with Iraq War veterans as special features. The DVD is in 5.1 stereo sound.
Frank Worrell

**Sir Frank Mortimer Maglinne Worrell** (1 August 1924, Bank Hall, St Michael,  Barbados – 13 March 1967, Kingston, Jamaica) was a West Indies cricketer and Jamaican senator. He is sometimes called by his nickname of **Tae**. He was a stylish right-handed batsman and useful left-arm seam bowler. He became famous in the 1950s as the first black captain of the West Indies cricket team.  He is the only batsman to be in two 500-run partnerships in first-class cricket.

Since the 1960–61 series, the Frank Worrell Trophy is awarded to the winner of the Test series between Australia and West Indies. One of the two Halls of Residence at the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus in Barbados is named after him.

Caribbean journalist Ernest Eytle wrote a biography of Worrell titled _Frank Worrell: The Career of a Great Cricketer_ in 1963.

In June 1988 Worrell was celebrated on the $2 Barbadian stamp along with the Barbados Cricket Buckle.

## Infobox (cricketer)

- **name**: Sir Frank Worrell
- **image**: Frank Worrell cropped.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **country**: West Indies
- **fullname**: Frank Mortimer Maglinne Worrell
- **birth place**: Saint Michael, Barbados, Saint Michael, Barbados
- **death place**: Kingston, Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica
- **batting**: Right-handed
- **bowling**: Left-arm orthodox spin, Slow left arm orthodox
Left arm Medium pace bowling, medium
- **family**: Larry Worrell (cousin)
- **international**: true
- **testdebutdate**: 11 February
- **testdebutyear**: 1948
- **testdebutagainst**: England
- **testcap**: 61
- **lasttestdate**: 26 August
- **lasttestyear**: 1963
- **lasttestagainst**: England
- **club1**: Barbados national cricket team, Barbados
- **year1**: 1941–1947
- **club2**: Jamaica national cricket team, Jamaica
- **year2**: 1947–1964
- **columns**: 2
- **column1**: Test cricket, Test
- **matches1**: 51
- **runs1**: 3,860
- **bat avg1**: 49.48
- **100s/50s1**: 9/22
- **top score1**: 261
- **deliveries1**: 7,141
- **wickets1**: 69
- **bowl avg1**: 38.72
- **fivefor1**: 2
- **tenfor1**: 0
- **best bowling1**: 7/70
- **catches/stumpings1**: 43/–
- **column2**: First-class cricket, First-class
- **matches2**: 208
- **runs2**: 15,025
- **bat avg2**: 54.24
- **100s/50s2**: 39/80
- **top score2**: 308not out, *
- **deliveries2**: 26,979
- **wickets2**: 349
- **bowl avg2**: 28.98
- **fivefor2**: 13
- **tenfor2**: 0
- **best bowling2**: 7/70
- **catches/stumpings2**: 139/–
- **date**: 8 January
- **year**: 2009
- **source**: http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/0/821/821.html CricketArchive
West Indies men's cricket team

The **West Indies** men's cricket team has been active since 1888. It is governed by Cricket West Indies (CWI), which is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). The West Indies play all forms of international cricket: Test, One Day International (ODI), and Twenty20 International (T20I).

## Countries

For the purpose of cricket, the West Indies is a confederation of fifteen Caribbean countries who are all CWI members:
- Anguilla
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Barbados
- British Virgin Islands
- Dominica
- Grenada
- Guyana
- Jamaica
- Montserrat
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Maarten
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Trinidad and Tobago
- United States Virgin Islands

## Early days

The earliest known match involving a team called the West Indies took place on 5 January 1888. An American team called the Gentlemen of the United States of America had arrived in British Guiana, and a two-day match was arranged at the Bourda ground in Georgetown. It was completed on the first day, the Americans winning by nine wickets. The West Indies team included players from at least six different colonies.

An English team called Arthur Priestley's XI toured the Caribbean in 1896/97. This team consisted of players with first-class experience, including Andrew Stoddart and Sammy Woods. Nine of their sixteen matches were first-class. Eight of those were against Barbados (3), Jamaica (3), and Trinidad (2). The other was against West Indies at the Queen's Park Oval in Port-of-Spain from 15 to 17 February 1897. This was West Indies' first-class debut, and they won by three wickets. The team included wicket-keeper Lebrun Constantine, father of Learie Constantine.

## Infobox (cricket team)

- **name**: West Indies
- **image**: Learie Constantine.jpg
- **caption**: Learie Constantine,
 one of the first West Indies greats
- **association**: Cricket West Indies (CWI)
- **nickname**: Windies
- **test status year**: 1928
- **first test**: v.  at Lord's (23/26 June 1928)
- **first odi**: v.  at Headingley Stadium, Leeds (5 September 1973)
- **first t20i**: v.  at Eden Park, Auckland (16 February 2006)
Ryan Brathwaite

**Ryan Brathwaite**  (born June 6, 1988) is a track and field athlete from Barbados.  He won the gold medal in the 110 metres hurdles at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin.

## Achievements

|style="background:#ccc;"|Year|style="background:#ccc;"|Competition|style="background:#ccc;"|Venue|style="background:#ccc;"|Position|style="background:#ccc;"|Event|style="background:#ccc;"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan = "2"|2004|rowspan = "2"|Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships (U-17)|rowspan = "2"|Coatzacoalcos, México|7th (h)|100 m|11.71   (1.1 m/s)||||
|bgcolor=gold|1st|100 m hurdles|13.20 **w**   (2.5 m/s)|||||||||
|rowspan = "2"|2005|CARIFTA Games (U-20)|Bacolet, Trinidad and Tobago|style="background:silver;"|2nd|110 m hurdles|14.64   (-0.7 m/s)|||||
|World Youth Championships|Marrakesh, Morocco|style="background:silver;"|2nd|110 m hurdles|13.44   (1.1 m/s)|||||||
|rowspan = "2"|2006|CARIFTA Games (U-20)|Les Abymes, Guadeloupe|bgcolor=gold|1st|110 m hurdles|13.85 **CR**    (-1.4 m/s)|||||
|Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships (U-20)|Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago|bgcolor=gold|1st|110 m hurdles|13.69 **CR**   (1.6 m/s)|||||||
|2007|CARIFTA Games (U-20)|Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands|bgcolor=gold|1st|110 m hurdles|13.42 **CR**    (0.2 m/s)||||||
|rowspan=2|2009|Central American and Caribbean Championships|Havana, Cuba|style="background:silver;"|2nd|110 m hurdles|13.31w|||||
|World Championships|Berlin, Germany|style="background:gold;"|1st|110 m hurdles|13.14|||||||
|2010|Central American and Caribbean Games|Mayagüez, Puerto Rico|style="background:gold;"|1st|110 m hurdles|13.39||||||

## Infobox (athlete)

- **name**: Ryan Brathwaite
- **image**: Ryan Brathwaite (BAR) (3855095671).jpg
- **sport**: Running
- **event**: 110 metres hurdles
- **birth place**: Hillaby, Saint Andrew, Barbados, Hillaby, Saint Andrew, Barbados, St. Andrew
- **collegeteam**: Barton County Community College
- **pb**: **110 m h**: 13.14 s (Berlin 2009)
- **updated**: 29 May 2013
DGM Barbados Open

The **DGM Barbados Open** is a senior (over 50s) men's professional golf tournament.  It is played on the Caribbean island state of Barbados. It is the opening event on the European Seniors Tour.  It is the only event on the tour that takes place in the Americas. The PGA European Tour organisation is based in the United Kingdom. Barbados is a former British colony.  The tournament was first played in 2000. It is hosted by the Royal Westmoreland Golf Club.

## Winners

**DGM Barbados Open**
- 2009 Sam Torrance -
- 2008 Bill Longmuir -
- 2007 Gordon J. Brand -
- 2006 José Rivero -
- 2005 Denis O'Sullivan -
- 2004 Gavan Levenson -

**Royal Westmoreland Barbados Open**
- 2003 Terry Gale -
- 2002 Peter Townsend -
- 2001 Priscillo Diniz -
- 2000 Tommy Horton -
Hirotaka Takeuchi

is a Japanese mountaineer. He is best known as the first Japanese man to reach the summits of the 14 tallest peaks in the Himalayas.

Fewer than 30 people have climbed all 14 mountains.
European Seniors Tour

The **European Seniors Tour** is a professional tour for male golfers aged 50 and over.  It is run by the PGA European Tour. The Tour started in 1992. The highest profile seniors event in Europe is the Senior British Open Championship.

The 2010 season added new events in Mauritius, Thailand, South Africa, England, the Netherlands, and France.

## Order of Merit winners

|Year|Order of Merit leader|Country|Earnings (€)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2011|Peter Fowler||302,327|
|2010|Boonchu Ruangkit||266,609|
|2009|Sam Torrance||170,696|
|2008|Ian Woosnam||320,120|
|2007|Carl Mason||412,376|
|2006|Sam Torrance||347,525|
|2005|Sam Torrance||277,421|
|2004|Carl Mason||354,743|
|2003|Carl Mason||350,242|
|2002|Seiji Ebihara||330,211|
|2001|Ian Stanley||287,025|
|2000|Noel Ratcliffe||163,167|
|1999|Tommy Horton||138,944|
|1998|Tommy Horton||127,656|
|1997|Tommy Horton||158,427|
|1996|Tommy Horton||133,195|
|1995|Brian Barnes||63,620|
|1994|John Morgan||57,209|
|1993|Tommy Horton||56,935|
|1992|John Fourie||47,857|
Payphone (song)

"**Payphone**" is a song performed by American pop rock band Maroon 5. It was released on April 17, 2012 under A&M/Octone Records in the United States. It was the lead single on the band's fourth studio album, _Overexposed_, set to be released on June 26, 2012. The song was written by producer Benny Blanco, bandmates Adam Levine, James Valentine, and featured vocalist Wiz Khalifa. The song was recorded in southern Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.

## Cover artwork

The cover artwork or the track was leaked to the web over a newsletter on April 11, 2012 and featured similar varieties of colorful aspects from the band's upcoming fourth album's cover, which leaked a day prior on E! News.

## Chart success

The song debuted at number-three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles' chart and later peaked at number-two. It also topped the Billboard Digital Songs chart in late April.

## Music Video

A music video for the song has not been officially announced yet. However, featured rapper Wiz Khalifa said in a press conference that he would like the music video to be in a sutle setting where no people may be to relate to the lyrics of the song.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Payphone
- **artist**: Maroon 5 featuring Wiz Khalifa
- **album**: Overexposed (album), Overexposed
- **released**: April 16, 2012 <small>(digital, digital download)</small> April 17, 2012 <small>(radio, mainstream radio)</small>
- **recorded**: 2012; Los Angeles, California
- **genre**: Pop rock, hip hop, R&B
- **label**: A&M/Octone Records
- **writer**: Adam Levine, Maroon 5, James Valentine, Wiz Khalifa, Benjamin Levin
- **producer**: Benny Blanco
- **chronology**: Maroon 5 singles
- **prev title**: Moves Like Jagger
- **prev year**: 2011
- **next title**: One More Night
- **next year**: 2012
Wren

The **wrens** are passerine birds in the mainly New World family **Troglodytidae**. There are about 80 species in about 20 genera. The Wren is also the shortest bird in Britain.

Originally, the word 'wren' was (and still is) used for the species found in Europe, western Asia and North Africa. The word came into English after a long history in the Germanic languages. The bird's scientific name is _Troglodytes troglodytes_. When European biologists got to the Americas, they soon realised that the family of wrens has many species, and is mainly an American family of birds.

Most wrens are about 10 centimetres (4 inches) long, brown (both sexes), and has a short bill that curves slightly down. Its wings are round and it has a short tail.

## Vocalizations

Its song is a gushing burst of sweet music, loud and emphatic. It has an enormous voice for its size, ten times louder, weight for weight, than a cockerel. Its song may sometimes be confused for the dunnock, which has warble that is shorter and weaker. The wren's song also has trill sounds, which the dunnock does not. The male has a long and complex song, with a series of tinkling trills one after the other for seconds on end.

When this bird is annoyed or excited, its call runs into an emphatic _churr_, like clockwork running down.

## Other websites

- Wren videos  on the Internet Bird Collection
Vireo

The **vireos** () are a group of passerine birds that are mostly in the part of the New World. Their feathers are dull-colored and greenish, the smaller species slightly resembling wood warblers. New evidence from DNA places vireos as relatives of crows. Vireos are mostly shy.

## Other websites

- Vireos (Vireonidae)  information, including 33 species with videos and 40 with photographs at the Internet Bird Collection
Shrike

**Shrikes** are passerine birds of the family **Laniidae**. The family has 31 species in three genera. The family name, _Lanius_, is derived from the Latin word for "butcher". Some shrikes were also known as "butcher birds" because of their feeding habits. This is because shrike sometimes sticks its prey on a thorn, as on a meat hook. This makes it easier for them to feed on it.

## Distribution

Most shrike species live in Eurasia and Africa, with just two breeding in North America. There are no members of this family in South America or Australia, although one species reaches New Guinea.

The shrikes vary in the size of their ranges. Some species like the Great Grey Shrike range across the northern hemisphere,  whereas Newton's Fiscal is restricted to the island of São Tomé.

## Other websites

- Shrike videos  on the Internet Bird Collection
Photoflash capacitor

A **photo flash capacitor** is a capacitor used in the flashes of cameras.

A camera flash works by applying short bursts of high voltage to a type of gas in a glass tube. The electrical energy required is small, but it has to be given very fast because since the flash doesn't last long. An ordinary battery cannot give such a high voltage or give it so fast, so a photo flash capacitor is used. An electronic circuit increases the battery voltage, and charges a capacitor. When the button is pressed, the capacitor releases the stored energy in about a thousandth of a second and makes a bright flash.
Information leakage

**Information leakage** is when secret information gets stolen.

With the development of the internet, the issue of **information leakage** has been more and more serious. The definition of an information leakage is that secret information is stolen by others through hacker’s attack, copying, sending, printing or screen shooting.

Most individual information leakages are caused by hackers. This can be prevented by through antivirus software. Most corporate information leakages are caused by people in the company. Preventing corporate information leakage is more difficult. In 2003, the FBI and the CSI did research, the result shows that only 30 percent of information leakage accidents are caused by people outside the organization. That is because people inside are familiar with the regulation and more likely to find the information. Encrypting the information is an important way to stop corporate information leakages.
Doug Savant

**Doug Savant** (born June 21, 1964) is an American actor. He is known for his role in the television _Desperate Housewives_.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Doug Savant
- **image**: Doug Savant 2009.jpg
- **birth name**: Douglas Peter Savant
- **birth place**: Burbank, California
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1984–present
Australia men's cricket team

The **Australia** men's cricket team has been active since 1866. It is governed by Cricket Australia, which is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). Australia play all forms of international cricket: Test, One Day International (ODI), and Twenty20 International (T20I).

## Infobox (cricket team)

- **name**: Australia
- **image**: Flag of Australia.svg
- **caption**: National flag
- **association**: Cricket Australia
- **test status year**: 1877
- **first test**: v.  at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (15/19 March 1877)
- **first odi**: v.  at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (5 January 1971)
- **first t20i**: v.  at Eden Park, Auckland (17 February 2005)
Twenty20 International

A **Twenty20 International** (**T20I**) is a cricket match which is authorised by the International Cricket Council (ICC) and played under Twenty20 rules. The first T20I took place on 17 February 2005 at Eden Park in Auckland, where Australia defeated New Zealand by 44 runs.
Reynaldo Hahn

**Reynaldo Hahn** (August 9, 1874 – January 28, 1947) was a French composer, conductor, music critic and diarist (he wrote a diary). He was famous for his songs.  He wrote the music (which was considered "insipid") for the ballet _Le Dieu bleu_. The ballet was a failure and the music was blamed.
Gaussian elimination

In mathematics, **Gaussian elimination** (also called **row reduction**) is a method used to solve systems of linear equations. It is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, a famous German mathematician who wrote about this method, but did not invent it.

To perform Gaussian elimination, the coefficients of the terms in the system of linear equations are used to create a type of matrix called an augmented matrix. Then, elementary row operations are used to simplify the matrix. The three types of row operations used are:
- **Type 1**: Switching one row with another row.
- **Type 2**: Multiplying a row by a non-zero number.
- **Type 3**: Adding or subtracting a row from another row.

The goal of Gaussian elimination is to get the matrix in _row-echelon form_. If a matrix is in row-echelon form, that means that reading from left to right, each row will start with at least one more zero term than the row above it. Some definitions of Gaussian elimination say that the matrix result has to be in _reduced row-echelon form_. That means that the matrix is in row-echelon form and the only non-zero term in each row is 1. Gaussian elimination that creates a reduced row-echelon matrix result is sometimes called **Gauss-Jordan elimination**.

## Example

Suppose the goal is to find the answers to this system of linear equations.
First, the system needs to be turned into an augmented matrix. In an augmented matrix, each linear equation becomes a row. On one side of the augmented matrix, the coefficients of each term in the linear equation become numbers in the matrix. On the other side of the augmented matrix are the constant terms each linear equation is equal to. For this system, the augmented matrix is:

Then, row operations can be done on the augmented matrix to simplify it. The table below shows the row reduction process on the system of equations and on the augmented matrix.

The matrix is now in row-echelon form. This is also called _triangular form_.

The matrix is now in reduced row-echelon form. Reading this matrix tells us that the solutions for this system of equations occur when x = 2, y = 3, and z = -1.
Bronislava Nijinska

**Bronislava Nijinska** (8 January 1891 [old style 27 December 1890] – 22 February 1972) was a Russian ballerina, choreographer, and teacher of Polish descent. Her parents were dancers. She was one of three siblings and the sister of the famous ballet dancer, Vaslav Nijinsky.

When she was very young, Nijinska learned to dance at home. Her parents taught her Polish, Hungarian, Italian, and Russian folk dances. Her father also taught her some acrobatics. This helped her later with her choreography.

She was only four years old when she made her debut in a Christmas program with her brothers in Nizhny Novgorod. Nijinska trained with the Italian dancer, Enrico Cecchetti, before joining the Imperial Ballet School in 1900. She was a student there until 1908. Her teachers were Nicolai Legat and Mikhail Fokine.

She danced with the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg and the Ballets Russes. She was a choreographer for the Ballets Russes, with important modernist dance titles to her credit: _Les Noces_ (1923), _Le Train Bleu_ (1924) and _Les Biches_ (1924). She guided the re-creation of these works in modern times.

She died in Pacific Palisades, California. She was twice married and had two children.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bronislava Nijinska
- **image**: Harvard_Theatre_Collection_-_Saison_Russe_1913,_Petrouchka,_MS_Thr_965_(7).jpg
- **caption**: Bronislava Nijinska in Petrouchka. From a playbill, Théâtre des Champs-Elysées. Saison Russe. 23 May 1913
- **birth name**: Bronislava Fominichna Nizhinskaya
- **native name**: Бронисла́ва Фоми́нична Нижи́нская
- **birth place**: Minsk, Russian Empire
- **death place**: Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, Pacific Palisades, California
- **occupation**: ballerina, choreographer, ballet teacher
- **spouse**: Alexandre Kochetovsky
Nicholas Singaevsky
- **children**: Leo Kochetovsky, Irina Nijinska
- **relatives**: Vaslav Nijinsky (brother)
- **awards**: National Museum of Dance and Hall of Fame, 1994
Federico de Madrazo y Ochoa

**Federico de Madrazo y Ochoa** (1875 – 1935) was a Spanish painter working in and around Madrid. He was part of a famous family of Spanish artists which included his father Raimundo de Madrazo, his uncle Ricardo de Madrazo y Garreta, his grandfather, Federico de Madrazo y Kuntz, and his great grandfather José de Madrazo. He worked together with Jean Cocteau to write a ballet, the _Le Dieu bleu_ (_The Blue God_), in 1912 for Serge Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Music for the ballet was composed by Reynaldo Hahn.
Madea's Witness Protection

***Madea's Witness Protection*** is a comedy-drama movie. It was directed, written, and produced by Tyler Perry. The movie is about Madea taking care of a White American family who are in being protected by the FBI. The movie was filmed from January to March 2012. The movie was released in the United States on June 29, 2012.

## Cast

- Eugene Levy as George Needleman
- Tyler Perry as Mabel "Madea" Simmons/Joe Simmons/Brian Simmons
- Denise Richards as Kate Needleman
- Romeo Miller as Jake
- Doris Roberts as Barbara Needleman
- Tom Arnold as Walter
- John Amos as Pastor Nelson
- Marla Gibbs as Hattie
- Danielle Campbell as Cindy Needleman,
- Devan Leos as Howie Needleman,
Giant antshrike

The **giant antshrike** (_Batara cinerea_) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It belongs to the genus ***Batara***. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. This species is the largest species of antbird, measuring 34 cm long and weighing around 150 g.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical forests.

## References

- BirdLife International 2004.  Batara cinerea.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 25 July 2007.

## Other websites

- Image at ADW
Pygmy antwren

The **pygmy antwren** (_Myrmotherula brachyura_) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.
It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

The Pygmy Antwren is the smallest of the antbirds. It usually weighs only 7 g (0.25 oz).

## References

- BirdLife International 2006.  Myrmotherula brachyura.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 26 July 2007.

## Other websites

- Pygmy Antwren photo gallery VIREO
- Photo-High Res ; Article wingsbirds–"Peru-Explornapo Lodge"
Ant-follower

The **ant-follower** is a bird which feeds by following army ants. They take the prey that the ants have. The best known ant-followers are 18 species of antbird in the family Thamnophilidae, but there are other families as well, such as cuckoos.
Tropical Storm Beryl

**Tropical Storm Beryl** was a strong Atlantic tropical storm. It was the second tropical cyclone of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season. Beryl formed on May 26 from a low-pressure system. This system was near the East Coast of the United States.  It was described as a subtropical storm. However, it slowly became stronger and was upgraded to a tropical storm on May 27. It upgraded because it moved to warmer water. Beryl is responsible for floods in Cuba. This caused a mudslide that left two people missing. Beryl caused rough surf to beaches in Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. In South Carolina, one person was reported missing.

## Other websites

- Tropical Storm Beryl Advisory Archive

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Tropical Storm Beryl
- **type**: Tropical storm
- **year**: 2012
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Beryl 2012-05-27 1835Z.jpg
- **image name**: Tropical Storm Beryl near the coast of northeastern Florida
- **formed**: May 26, 2012
- **dissipated**: May 30, 2012
- **1-min winds**: 60
- **pressure**: 992
- **areas**: Cuba, The Bahamas, Southeastern United States
- **hurricane season**: 2012 Atlantic hurricane season
Collared antshrike

The **collared antshrike** (_Thamnophilus bernardi_) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.
It is found in Ecuador and Peru.

## References

- BirdLife International 2004.  Thamnophilus bernardi.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 27 July 2007.
- Brumfield, R. T., and S. V. Edwards. 2007. _Evolution into and out of the Andes: a Bayesian analysis of historical diversification in Thamnophilus antshrikes._ Evolution 61:346-367.

## Other websites

- Image at ADW
Thamnophilus

***Thamnophilus*** is a genus of antbird in the family Thamnophilidae. The species in this genus are commonly known as **antshrikes**. The Collared Antshrike (_Thamnophilus bernardi_) is one of the species.
Dot-winged antwren

The **dot-winged antwren** (_Microrhopias quixensis_), also known as the **velvety antwren**, is a passerine bird in the antbird family. It is found in tropical Central and South America from southeastern Mexico south to western Ecuador, northern Bolivia and  central Brazil. The male dot-winged antwren is blackish, while the female has brownish underparts. It is the only member of the genus _Microrhopias_.

## References

- Stiles and Skutch,  _A guide to the birds of Costa Rica_
Flag of Belarus

The  current national **flag of Belarus** was introduced on June 7, 1995.  This new design replaced a historical flag used by the Belarusian People's Republic of 1918. The current flag is a change of the 1951 flag.

The flag has a red upper stripe and a green lower stripe.  A vertical red and white pattern is against the flagstaff.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Belarus
- **image**: Flag of Belarus.svg
- **use**: 111000
- **proportion**: 1:2
- **adoption**: June 7, 1995 (updated in 2012)
- **design**: A horizontal bicolor of red over green in a 2:1 ratio, with a red ornamental pattern on a white vertical stripe at the hoist
- **type**: National
National emblem of Belarus

The **national emblem of Belarus** replaced the historic Pahonia arms in 1995.  It has a ribbon in the colors of the national flag, a map of Belarus, wheat ears and a red star. It is sometimes called the coat of arms of Belarus, but this is not correct.

Despite the fact that the Belarusians share a distinct ethnic identity and language, they never previously had a political sovereignty prior to 1991, except during a brief period in 1918 when the short-lived Belarusian People's Republic used the horseman as its emblem. The unique Belarusian national symbols were not created as a result of the foreign rule of the Belarusian territories by Prussia, Poland, Lithuania, and Russia until the 20th century.

## Infobox (coat of arms)

- **name**: National Emblem of Belarus
- **image**: Coat of arms of Belarus (2020).svg
- **image width**: 250
- **armiger**: Republic of Belarus
- **year adopted**: June 7, 1995
- **crest**: Red star
- **shield**: Globe, rising sun and a outline of Belarus in green
Thaila Ayala

**Thaila Ayala Sales** (born April 14, 1986 in Presidente Prudente) is a Brazilian actress and model.

## Career

She played Marcela, the protagonist of the 14th season of the teen soap __. In 2006 she posed nude for the magazine Trip.

In 2007, she was photographed by Terry Richardson for the book, _Rio, Wonderful Town_, released the same year. Subsequently, the release actress and model, who appears in a photo with the breast showing and biting her lip, claimed to be sorry that she participated in the book.

In 2011, she said that posing nude was "rape".

## Personal life

On 19 November 2011 she married actor Paulo Vilhena.
Mikhail Myasnikovich

**Mikhail Uladzimiravich Myasnikovich** (born 6 May 1950) is a Belarusian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Belarus from 2010 to 2014. He was picked by President Alexander Lukashenko after the 2010 presidential election.

He graduated from the Brest Engineering and Construction Institute in 1972 and the Communist Party School in 1989 in Minsk. He has a PhD in economics. He speaks English. He has a son, daughter and two grandchildren.

## Other websites

- BelarusProfile project page.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mikhail Myasnikovich
- **image**: Mikhail Myasnikovich, March 2011.jpeg
- **office**: List of Prime Ministers of Belarus, Prime Minister of Belarus
- **president**: Alexander Lukashenko
- **deputy**: Vladimir Semashko
- **term start**: 28 December 2010
- **term end**: 27 December 2014
- **predecessor**: Sergei Sidorsky
- **successor**: Andrei Kobyakov
- **birth place**: Nesvizh, Novy Snov, Minsk Oblast, Soviet Union
<small>(now Belarus)</small>
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
- **alma mater**: Brest State Technical University, Brest Engineering and Construction Institute
Aozora Bunko

is a Japanese digital library. This online collection has several thousands of works of Japanese-language fiction and non-fiction.

_Aozora Bunko_ has digital copies of many out-of-copyright books.
Project Gutenberg is similar to _Aozora Bunko_.

## History

_Aozora Bunko_ was established in 1997.

In 2006, _Aozora Bunko_ became a public policy advocate for freely accessible e-books.

## Related pages

- Wikisource

## Other websites

- 青空文庫 (_Aozora Bunko_) official website
- _Aozora Bunko_ official blog
Prunus japonica

**Prunus japonica** (also _Cerasus japonica_) is a shrub in the genus Prunus.  It is also called **Korean cherry**, **Flowering almond** or **Oriental bush cherry**.  It is used for ornamental use. Its range goes from Central China through to the Korean peninsula. _P. maximowiczii_, the Miyama cherry is also often called Korean cherry.

## Description

The shrub reaches 1.5 m by 1.5 m. Its flowers are hermaphrodite.  They are pollinated by insects. The plant blossoms in May. Its fruit reaches about 14 mm. It is used in making pies.

Every fruit has one seed. The plant usually grows from seed.

## Other uses

The leaves of this plant procure a green dye, while the fruit procures a greenish to grayish dye.

## Varieties

There are several varieties:
- _P. japonica eujaponica_
- _P. japonica gracillima_
- _P. kerii_
- _P. japonica nakaii_, originated from Manchuria, which gives bigger plums (up to 50 mm in diameter).
Delta Force

**1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta** (**1st SFOD-D**) is a special forces unit of the United States Army. They are a highly secretive, highly elite unit that take part in very dangerous missions including counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, direct action, and more. Delta Force is highly elite in that it is not a unit that just anyone can apply for. Delta Force recruits primarily from the Army Special Forces (aka the Green Berets) and the 75th Ranger Regiment, themselves already elite special operations units.

## Infobox (military unit)

- **unit name**: 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Airborne)
— Delta Force —
- **image**: US Army Special Operations Command SSI.svg
- **caption**: USASOC patch worn by Delta Force
- **dates**: 21 November 1977 – present
- **branch**:  United States Army
- **type**: Special forces, Special Operations
- **role**: Tier One Special forces, Special Operations Force
- **motto**: sine pari-without equal
- **size**: Classified
- **command structure**:  U.S. Special Operations Command
 Joint Special Operations Command
 U.S. Army Special Operations Command
- **garrison**: Fort Bragg (North Carolina), Fort Bragg, North Carolina
- **nickname**: _The Unit_,"task force green."
- **battles**: Operation Eagle Claw
Operation Urgent Fury
Operation Just Cause
Operation Acid Gambit
Gulf War
Operation Restore Hope
Operation Gothic Serpent
*Battle of Mogadishu (1993)
War in Afghanistan (2001-present), War in Afghanistan
*Battle of Tora Bora
Iraq War
*Operation Red Dawn
*Objective Medford
*Roy Hallums, Rescue of Roy Hallums
Basal ganglia

The **basal ganglia** (or basal **nuclei**) are three areas under the cerebral cortex. They are part of the cerebrum (forebrain), and connected to the midbrain and the thalamus. They are vital to movement, and damage here results is damaged ability to move.

The three areas are:
1. striatum
    1. caudate nucleus
    1. putamen
1. pallidum (or globus pallidus)
    1. substantia nigra
    1. nucleus accubens
1. subthalamic nucleus

The range of behaviours controlled by the nuclei is wide. They control eye movements. They do voluntary motor control, learning procedures for routine behaviors or "habits", and cognitive emotional functions.

The basal ganglia also control motivation. They select actions, that is, the choice of what to do at a given time. Experimental studies show that the basal ganglia inhibit (suppress) a number of motor systems. A release of this inhibition lets a motor system act. This "behaviour switching" is influenced by signals from many parts of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex, which plays a key role in doing things.

## Evolution

The basal ganglia form one of the basic components of the forebrain, and can be recognized in all species of vertebrates.  Even in the lamprey (one of the most primitive vertebrates) striatal, pallidal, and nigral elements can be identified by their anatomy and histochemistry.

## Related pages

- Alexander Cools