juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Islamic Consultative Assembly

The **National Consultative Assembly of Iran**, also called **The Iranian Parliament** or **People's House**, is the national legislative body of Iran. The Parliament has 290 representatives.  There were 272 seats since the 18 February 2000 election.  The election took place on 2 March 2012. The new parliament will be opened on 27 May 2012.

### The first national assembly

The first national assembly, the "Majlis", was formed in 1906, after the 1905-1906 revolution.  The Majlis wrote a constitution for the Persian empire.
The first Majlis had 156 delegates.  Tehran had 60 of the 156 seats. Major provinces like Azerbaijan had 12 delegates. Smaller provinces like Gilan and Tavala had 6 delegates each.

### War

In 1941, Britain and Russia invaded Persia to put the Germans out. This happened during the 13th Majlis.  Mohamed Reza Shah was the constitutional monarch from 1941–1953. From 1953 until the revolution of 1979, Shah was the absolute ruler. Elections for the 14th Majlis were in 1943. In 1950, a special assembly met to create a new upper house, or senate, with half of the members appointed by Shah.  The assembly also gave Shah the power to dissolve the national assembly. The 21st Majlis was elected in September 1963.

### The 1979 revolution

After the revolution, Iran changed the name of the parliament from the National Assembly to the Islamic Assembly.

#### Elections after the revolution

Dates of elections:

- 1st Majlis 1979-83
- 2nd Majlis 1983-87
- 3rd Majlis 1987-91
- 4th majlis 1991-96
- 5th Majlis 1996-00
- 6th Majlis 2000-04

## Infobox (legislature)

- **name**: Islamic Consultative Assembly
- **native name**: مجلس شورای اسلامی
- **native name lang**: fa
- **transcription name**: Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī
- **legislature**: 11th term
- **coa pic**: Islamic Parliament of Iran Seal.svg
- **logo pic**: Flag of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.svgborder
- **session room**: مجلس شورای اسلامی - panoramio (1).jpg
- **house type**: Unicameral
- **leader1 type**: List of Speakers of the Parliament of Iran, Speaker
- **leader1**: Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
- **preceded by**: National Consultative Assembly
- **foundation**:
14 March 1980
- **election1**: 28 May 2020
- **leader2 type**: First Vice
- **leader2**: Ali Nikzad
- **election2**: 25 May 2021
- **leader3 type**: Second Vice
- **leader3**: Abdolreza Mesri
- **election3**: 25 May 2021
- **political groups1**: * Iranian Principlists, Principlists (221)
* Independent Politician, Independents (38)
* Iranian Reformists, Reformists (20)
* Iranian Parliament religious minority reserved seats, Minorities (5)
* _Vacant_ (6)
- **structure1**: File:Iranparliament.svg
- **structure1 res**: 270px
- **voting system1**: Majority rule, Qualified majority two-round system
- **seats**: 290
- **term length**: 4 years
- **last election1**: 2020 Iranian legislative election, 21 February and 11 September 2020
- **next election1**: 2024
- **meeting place**: Islamic Consultative Assembly
Baharestan (district), Baharestan
 Tehran
 Iran
- **constitution**: Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
- **website**: http://www.Majlis.ir
Charles Belgrave

**Charles Dalrymple Belgrave** (1894–1969) was a British citizen.  He was an advisor to the rulers of Bahrain from 1926 until 1957.  He first was under Shaikh Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa.  The he was under Shaikh Salman ibn Hamad Al-Khalifa.

During the war he was with the Imperial Camel Corps.  He spent two years in Siwa Oasis. He got better at his Arabic at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London.  He came to Bahrain in March 1926.  He stayed there until 1957.

The biggest long-term benefit to the country has said to be the making of schools for girls by his wife Marjorie Belgrave.

## References

- _Personal Diary of Charles Belgrave (1926–1957)_
- Historic photos of Charles Belgrave
Abdul Amir al-Jamri

Sheikh **Abdul Amir al-Jamri** (1937-December 18, 2006) was the 'spiritual leader' of Bahrain's Twelver Shi'a population and the 1990s Intifada. He is the father of Mansoor Al-Jamri, editor-in-chief of the Al Wasat daily newspaper.

## Biography

Al-Jamri was born in the village of Bani Jamra, Bahrain, in 1937.  In 1962 he went to school at the Najaf Religious Institute in Iraq. In 1973 al-Jamri became a member of Bahrain's parliament, the National Assembly of Bahrain.

Beginning in 1977, al-Jamri was a judge at the High Religious Court of Bahrain. In 1992, al-Jamri joined with Islamists, liberals and leftists to ask the ruler of Bahrain to make a new parliament.  In 1994, he asked again.

On April 1, 1995, al-Jamri was placed under house arrest for two weeks.  He then went to jail. He was let go on September 25, 1995. On January 21, 1996 he went to jail again. On July 7, 1999 al-Jamri was given 10 years imprisonment and fined $15 million.  He was let go a day later and placed under house arrest until January 23, 2001.  Less than one month later he called on the people to support the reforms of the King of Bahrain, Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah.

In June 2002, al-Jamri suffered a stroke.  He died at home on December 18, 2006.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: الشيخ عبدالامير الجمري - البحرين.jpg
- **caption**: Sheikh Abdul Amir al-Jamri
- **name**: Abdul Amir al-Jamri
- **title**: Sheikh
- **birth date**: 1937
- **birth place**: Bani Jamra, Bahrain
- **death date**: December 18, 2006
- **nationality**: Bahraini
Sheikh

**Sheikh** (Arabic: شَىخْ) —  also spelled **Sheik** or **Shaikh** or **Shekh** — is an honorific in the Arabic language. It means "elder" and often means "leader and/or governor". It is commonly used for the front man of a tribe. He can be an Islamic scholar who got this title after graduating from a basic Islamic school. **Sheikha** is the female term. These are uncommon in the Arabic world. A sheikh who is wise is called _ḥakīm_ and can rule.

The word is also generally used for a man over forty or fifty years of age.

## Surname

In Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, "Sheikh" is a common surname among Muslims.  It generally means there is Arab ancestry.
Abdulhadi al-Khawaja

**Abdulhadi Abdulla Hubail Alkhawaja** is a Bahraini-Danish human rights activists. He is now in prison in Bahrain after the Bahraini uprising. He is the former president and co-founder of the Bahrain Centre for Human Rights (BCHR).  This is a nonprofit non-governmental group which works to promote human rights in Bahrain.

On 9 April 2011, Al Khawaja was arrested. Al Khawaja was given life imprisonment on 22 June 2011. On 8 February 2012, he started a hunger strike until "freedom or death".

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Abdulhadi Alkhawaja.jpg
- **imagesize**: 215px
- **caption**: Abdulhadi Alkhawaja taking part in a pro-democracy protest in February 2011
- **birth name**: Abdulhadi Abdulla Hubail Alkhawaja
- **birth date**: April 5, 1961
- **birth place**: Bahrain
- **occupation**: Human rights defender
- **years active**: 1979–present
- **children**: Maryam Alkhawaja, Maryam and Zainab al-Khawaja, Zainab
2 others
- **nationality**: Danish people, Danish and Bahraini people, Bahraini
- **website**: http://www.bahrainrights.org/
- **disappeared date**: April 23, 2012
- **disappeared place**: Bahrain Royal Medical Services, BDF hospital
- **disappeared status**: Found
- **criminal charge**: organizing and managing a terrorist organisation, attempt to overthrow the government by force and in liaison with a terrorist organisation working for a foreign country and the collection of money for a terrorist group
- **criminal penalty**: Life imprisonment
- **criminal status**: To be retried
- **spouse**: Khadija Almousawi
Hasan Mushaima

**Hasan Mushaima** is an opposition leader in Bahrain.  He is the secretary-general of the Haq Movement. He wants more democratic rights in Bahrain. He was a starting member of Al Wefaq.  He was in the 1994 uprising in Bahrain.

The Bahraini government arrested Mushaima many times.

In 2010 Mushaima traveled to Great Britain to be treated for lung cancer.

Mushaima said he was going to return to Bahrain during the protests in February 2011.  He was kept in Lebanon. Mushaima finally did return to Bahrain on Saturday, February 26, 2011.

On 22 June 2011, Mushaima was given life imprisonment by a military court for "attempting to overthrow the monarchy".

## References

- Front Line: Ongoing harassment of Bahraini human rights defenders
- Clashes erupt after two opposition figures are held in Bahrain

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Hassan Mushaima
 <big>**حسن مشيمع**</big>
- **nationality**: Bahraini
- **image**: Hasan Mushaima à la Place de la Perle, 26 févier 2011.png
- **caption**: Hassan Mushaima
- **office**: Secretary-General of Haq Movement
- **term start**: November 11, 2005
- **deputy**: Isa Al Jowder until September 24, 2011 (his death)
- **birth date**: 1948
- **birth place**: Jidd Haffs, Bahrain
- **residence**: Jidd Haffs, Bahrain
- **party**: Al Wefaq until 2005

Haq Movement 2005 – present
Governorate

The governorate is the administrative division of the country. It is headed by governor / Caliph. English-speaking nations name regions that have governors either states, provinces or colonies

## Arab countries

The word governorate is widely used in Arab countries.

- Governorates of Bahrain
- Governorates of Egypt
- Governorates of Iraq (official translation, sometimes also translated as province)
- Governorates of Jordan
- Governorates of Kuwait
- Governorates of Lebanon
- Governorates of Oman
- Governorates of Palestine
- Governorates of Saudi Arabia
- Governorates of Syria
- Governorates of Tunisia (_wilayah_)
- Governorates of Yemen
Governorates of Iraq

Iraq is divided into 18(discluding partially recognized halabja)Governorates (_muhafazah_). also the Iraqi Constitution has recognized only one autonomous federal region inside Iraq, the name of the region is Kurdistan Region, this region consists of the three Governorates(and one partially recognized one)of Duhok ( دهوك ), Erbil ( اربيل ), As-Sulaymaniyah (السليمانية ) and Halabja (حلبجة)

Kurdistan Region Governorates are marked in **bold.**

Partially recognized Governorate are marked in _Italic_.
Governorates of Jordan

Jordan is divided into 12 governorates. In 1994, four new governorates were created: Jerash, Ajloun, Madaba and Aqaba.

The governorates of Jordan are in one of three regions: the North Region, Central Region and the South Region. The regions are mainly distributed by the distance between the cities.

### North Region

|colspan=6|↓ North Region ↓|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Irbid Governorate|1,572|1,137,100|723.4|Irbid|
|2|Ajloun Governorate|420|146,900|350.1|Ajloun|
|3|Jerash Governorate|410|191,700|467.8|Jerash|
|4|Mafraq Governorate|26,551|300,300|11.3|Mafraq|
|5|Balqa Governorate|1,120|428,000|382.0|Salt|
|6|Amman Governorate|7,579|2,473,400|326.3|Amman|
|7|Zarqa Governorate|4,761|951,800|199.9|Zarqa|
|8|Madaba Governorate|940|159,700|170.0|Madaba|
|9|Karak Governorate|3,495|249,100|71.3|Al Karak|
|10|Tafilah Governorate|2,209|89,400|40.5|Tafilah|
|11|Ma'an Governorate|32,832|121,400|3.7|Ma'an|
|12|Aqaba Governorate|6,905|139,200|20.2|Aqaba|

## Related pages

- List of cities in Jordan

## Other websites

- Jordan Governorates: Empowering the Regions
Governorates of Kuwait

The State of Kuwait is divided into 6 **governorates (_muhafazah_)**. The governorates are then divided into areas. The governorates were first created in 1962, although several newer ones were created many years later.

## List

|Governorate|ISO 3166-2:KW|data-sort-type="date"|Formation|Population|Area (km<sup>2</sup>)|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|KW-AH|1962|align="right"|959,009|align="right"|5,120|It was named after Sheikh Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, 10th ruler of Kuwait.|
|KW-KU|1962|align="right"|568,567|align="right"|175|It is the capital governorate. It houses most of Kuwait's financial and business centres such as the Kuwait Stock Exchange.|
|KW-FA|1988|align="right"|1,169,312|align="right"|204|It is the most populated governorate and is Kuwait's main residential area.|
|KW-HA|1962|align="right"|939,792|align="right"|85|It is the smallest and most densely populated governorate.|
|KW-JA|1979|align="right"|540,910|align="right"|12,750|It is the largest governorate and contains the agricultural area.|
|KW-MU|1999|align="right"|254,999|align="right"|104|The newest governorate of Kuwait, founded in 1999 and the least populated governorate in Kuwait.|

## Related pages

- Demographics of Kuwait
- Areas of Kuwait
- ISO 3166-2:KW

## Infobox (subdivision type)

- **name**: Governorates of Kuwait
- **map**: Kuwait governorates english.png
- **category**: Governorate
- **territory**: State of Kuwait
- **current number**: 6 Governorates
- **number date**: 27 November 1999
- **population range**: Mubarak Al-Kabeer Governorate - 254,999 (lowest); Farwaniya Governorate - 1,169,312 (highest)
- **area range**: Hawalli Governorate -  (smallest); Jahra Governorate -  km² (largest)
- **government**: Government of Kuwait
- **subdivision**: Areas of Kuwait
Governorates of Palestine

The **Governorates of Palestine** (Arabic: محافظات فلسطين) are the administrative divisions of the country of Palestine. The West Bank and Gaza comprise of 16 governorates. They are under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority.

## List

|Governorate|Population (2017) !! Area (km<sup>2</sup>) !! Population density (km<sup>2</sup>) !! Capital !! Region !! Location||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Bethlehem Governorate||Bethlehem|West Bank||
|Hebron Governorate||Hebron|West Bank||
|Jenin Governorate||Jenin|West Bank||
|Jericho Governorate||Jericho|West Bank||
|Nablus Governorate||Nablus|West Bank||
|Qalqilya Governorate||Qalqilya|West Bank||
|Quds Governorate||Jerusalem|West Bank||
|Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate||Ramallah|West Bank||
|Salfit Governorate||Salfit|West Bank||
|Tubas Governorate||Tubas|West Bank||
|Tulkarm Governorate||Tulkarm|West Bank||
|Deir al-Balah Governorate||Deir al-Balah|Gaza||
|Gaza Governorate||Gaza City|Gaza||
|Khan Yunis Governorate||Khan Yunis|Gaza||
|North Gaza Governorate||Jabalia|Gaza||
|Rafah Governorate||Rafah|Gaza||

**Notes**

## Infobox (subdivision type)

- **name**: Governorates of Palestine

- **alt name**: Muhafazat filastin
- **map**:
- **category**: Unitary state
- **current number**: 16 governorates
- **population range**: 316,541 (Jericho Governorate, Jericho) – 551,129 (Hebron Governorate, Hebron)
- **area range**: (Deir al-Balah Governorate, Deir al-Balah) –  (Hebron Governorate, Hebron)
- **government**: Governorate government, Government of Palestine, National government
- **subdivision**: Municipality (Palestinian Authority), Municipality, Palestinian refugee camps, refugee camp, neighbourhood
- **caption**: Map of Area A, Palestinian localities in Area B and Palestinian neighborhoods in East Jerusalem.
Capital Governorate, Bahrain

The **Capital Governorate** is one of the five governorates of Bahrain. It includes parts of the municipalities of Al Manamah, Ras Roman and Jidd Haffs.
Central Governorate

The **Central Governorate** was one of the five governorates of Bahrain until 23 September 2014. It includes parts of the former municipalities of Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Madinat 'Isa, Sitrah and A'ali.
Northern Governorate

The **Northern Governorate** is one of the five governorates of Bahrain. It includes parts of the former municipalities of Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah al Shamaliyah, Jidd Haffs and Madinat Hamad.

## References

- Northern Governorate website
Southern Governorate

The **Southern Governorate**  is the largest of the five governorates of Bahrain. It includes parts of Bahrain's old municipalities - Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, and Juzur Hawar (the Hawar Islands). It has the least number of people of the regions on Bahrain.  It is the least economically productive.
Arabian Gulf

- Persian Gulf, a body of water sometimes controversially called the _Arabian Gulf_ or _The Gulf_ by some Arab countries
- Red Sea, in geographical works from ancient times to the 19th century
- Khalij el-Arab, near Alexandria, Egypt, translates to English as the "Arab Gulf", or "The Arabs' Gulf"

## Groups

- Arabian Gulf Rugby Football Union
- Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain
- Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf
- National Democratic Front for the Liberation of Oman and the Arabian Gulf

## Distinguish

Not to be confused with:
- The Arabian Sea, to the west of India
Mountain of Smoke

The **Mountain of Smoke** is a hill in the Southern Governorate of Bahrain. At  above mean sea level, it is the country's highest point.

The Mountain of Smoke is named because of the haze which often surrounds it on humid days. A number of caves are around the mountain.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mountain of Smoke
- **elevation m**: 134
- **prominence m**: 134
- **map size**: 250
- **listing**: List of countries by highest point, Country high point
- **location**: Bahrain
Territorial waters

**Territorial waters** or a **territorial sea** is a belt of coastal waters that goes at most  from the edge of a coastal state. The territorial sea is the land of the state underwater. Foreign ships and submarines are only allowed to sail in territorial waters, when the state gives its permission. Ownership also extends to the airspace above and the seabed below, which is also the same length.

The term "territorial waters" is also sometimes used to mean any area of water, a state has jurisdiction. This includes  internal waters, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and potentially the continental shelf.

Unlike territorial waters, in an exclusive economic zone, foreign ships and submarines from other countries can freely sail without any permission. However, this is under the condition that they are just passing by and not taking any resources, which is only reserved to the state who owns it.

## Contiguous zone

The **contiguous zone** is a band of water that goes from the outer edge of the territorial sea to up to  from the baseline.
Tanker

**Tanker** may be:

## Transportation

- Tanker (ship), a ship to carry bulk liquids
    - Chemical tanker, a type of tanker to transport chemicals in bulk
    - Oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker
    - LNG carrier, a ship for transporting liquefied natural gas
- Tank car, a railroad freight car for carrying bulk liquids
- Tank truck, a heavy road vehicle for carrying bulk liquids
- Water tender, a firefighting vehicle used to carry large amounts of water to a fire
- Tanker (aircraft), an aircraft for in-flight refuelling
- Tanker 910, a specific aircraft used to drop water or retardant on fires in California

## Other

- André Tanker (1941–2003), Trinidadian musician and composer
- _Tanker_ (album), a 1988 album by Bailter Space
Refinery

A **refinery** is a production place that breaks down certain materials and makes raw material into products of value.

## Types of refineries

Different types of refineries are as follows:

- oil refinery, which changes crude oil into high-octane motor fuel (gasoline/petrol), diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), jet aircraft fuel, kerosene, heating fuel oils, lubricating oils, asphalt and petroleum coke;
- sugar refinery, which changes sugar cane and sugar beets into crystallized sugar and sugar syrups;
- natural gas processing plant, which purifies and changes raw natural gas into residential, commercial and industrial fuel gas, and also recovers natural gas liquids (NGL) such as ethane, propane, butanes and pentanes;
- salt refinery, which cleans common salt (NaCl), made by the solar evaporation of sea water, followed by washing and re-crystallization;
- metal refineries refining metals such as alumina, copper, gold, lead, nickel, silver, uranium, zinc, magnesium and cobalt;
- vegetable oil refinery
Australian Greens

The **Australian Greens** is a green political party in Australia founded in 1992. They are the third-biggest political party in Australia, based on how many votes they got in the 2019 federal election. The leader of the party right now is Larissa Waters. Eleven members of the Senate and four member of the House of Representatives are a part of the Greens.

Bob Brown lead the party in federal parliament from 2005 to 2012. In 2010 Adam Bandt was elected to the seat of Melbourne and became one of several crossbenchers providing support to the Gillard Labor minority government.

The Greens also discuss other issues than the environment, such as equality, human rights, peace and non-violence.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 1
- 151
- **hex**: #10C25B


## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 11
- 76
- **hex**: #10C25B


## Infobox (political party)

- **country**: Australia
- **name**: The Australian Greens
- **colorcode**: #10C25B
- **logo**: AustralianGreensLogo official.svg
- **leader**: Larissa Waters
- **leader1 title**: Deputy Leader
- **leader1 name**: Mehreen Faruqi
- **foundation**: 1992
- **ideology**: Green politics
Left-wing populism
Progressivism
- **position**: Left-wing politics, Left-wing
- **headquarters**: GPO Box 1108
Canberra GPO ACT 2601
- **international**: Global Greens
Asia-Pacific Green Network
- **colours**: Green
- **website**: [http://www.greens.org.au/ www.greens.org.au]
- **seats1 title**: Australian House of Representatives, House of Representatives
- **seats2 title**: Australian Senate, Senate
Grande école

**Grandes écoles** are specialized universities in France. Each grande école only teaches a very limited number of subjects. Unlike the other universities in France, the grandes écoles can pick the students they admit. These students have to follow special courses and tests before they are admitted. The grandes écoles award degrees that correspond to a master's degree; they do not award bachelor's degrees. There is no exhaustive list, but in general, there are the following types of grandes écoles, along with some of the representative schools in each category:
- Sciences: École normale supérieure
- Engineering: École polytechnique, École centrale Paris, Mines ParisTech, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées
- Aviation: École nationale de l'aviation civile, Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées
- Politics and public administration: Institut d'études politiques de Paris, École nationale d'administration
- Business: École des hautes études commerciales de Paris, Emlyon Business School
- Military: École Navale, École de l'Air
- Veterinary:, such as the École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort
- Archival science: École nationale des chartes
Kerrang! Awards

The **Kerrang! Awards** are the United Kingdom's annual music awards run by the music magazine _Kerrang!_. Since they began in 1993, the Kerrang! Awards have become one of Britain's biggest and most advertised music awards.

## Primary winners of each year

- 1999: Stereophonics (2 awards)
- 2000: Slipknot (3 awards)
- 2001: Papa Roach (2 awards)
- 2003: The Darkness (2 awards)
- 2004: The Darkness (2 awards)
- 2005: Green Day and My Chemical Romance (2 awards)
- 2006: Lostprophets (2 awards)
- 2007: Enter Shikari and Machine Head (2 awards)
- 2008: 30 Seconds to Mars (2 awards)
- 2009: Slipknot (2 awards)
- 2010: Bullet for My Valentine (2 awards)
- 2011: 30 Seconds to Mars (2 awards)

## Other websites

- Official site
Beginnings (Ambrose Slade album)

***Beginnings*** is a 1969 rock album by English band Slade, under their earlier name Ambrose Slade. It was the band's first studio album, which failed to chart. In America, the album was titled _Ballzy_ and featured new artwork.

The album featured the instrumental single "Genesis".

## Other websites

- Beginnings at Discogs

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Beginnings
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Slade, Ambrose Slade
- **released**: 9 May 1969
- **genre**: Rock music
- **length**: 35:30
- **label**: Fontana Records
- **producer**: Ambrose Slade, Roger Wake
- **next title**: Play It Loud (as Slade, 1970)
Play It Loud

***Play It Loud*** is a 1970 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's second studio album, released before their fame and therefore failing to chart. In Canada, the album was released in 1973 where it charted at #40.

The album featured the two singles "Shape of Things to Come" and "Know Who You Are" which did not chart.

## Band members

- Noddy Holder – guitar, vocals
- Jim Lea – bass, keyboards, violin, vocals
- Dave Hill – guitar, vocals
- Don Powell – drums

## Other webcites

- Play It Loud at Discogs

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Play It Loud
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Slade
- **released**: 28 November 1970
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **length**: 34:05
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor (UK), Cotillion Records, Cotillion (US)
- **producer**: Chas Chandler
- **prev title**: Beginnings
 (as Ambrose Slade)
- **prev year**: 1969
- **next title**: Slayed?
- **next year**: 1972
Slayed?

***Slayed?*** is a 1972 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's third studio album, released as the first since their rise to fame. A successful album, it went to number one in the UK.

The album featured the two singles "Mama Weer All Crazee Now" and "Gudbuy T'Jane".

## Other websites

- Slayed? on AllMusic
- Slayed? at Discogs.com

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Slayed?
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Slade
- **released**: 1 November 1972
- **recorded**: 1972
- **length**: 34:30 <small>(53:42 with bonus tracks)</small>
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor (UK/US)
- **producer**: Chas Chandler
- **prev title**: Slade Alive!
- **prev year**: 1972
- **next title**: Sladest
- **next year**: 1973
Sladest

***Sladest*** is a 1973 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's first UK compilation, mixing all the band's hit singles with some songs from before the band's fame. A successful album, it went to number one in the UK.

## Other webcites

- Sladest on AllMusic
- Sladest on Discogs

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Sladest
- **type**: Compilation album
- **artist**: Slade
- **released**: 28 September 1973
- **genre**: Glam rock, hard rock
- **length**: 45:47
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor (UK), Reprise Records, Reprise (US)
- **producer**: Chas Chandler
- **prev title**: Slayed?
- **prev year**: 1972
- **next title**: Old New Borrowed and Blue
- **next year**: 1974
Old New Borrowed and Blue

***Old New Borrowed and Blue*** is a 1974 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's fourth studio album. In America, the album was titled _Stomp Your Hands, Clap Your Feet_. A successful album, it went to number one in the UK.

The album featured the singles "My Friend Stan" and "Everyday".

## Other websites

- Old New Borrowed and Blue on AllMusic
- Old New Borrowed And Blue on Discogs

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Old New Borrowed and Blue
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Slade
- **released**: 15 February 1974
- **recorded**: late 1973
- **genre**: Glam rock
- **length**: 37:32 (57:40 with bonus tracks)
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor (UK/Canada), Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros. (US)
- **producer**: Chas Chandler
- **prev title**: Sladest
- **prev year**: 1973
- **next title**: Slade in Flame (album), Slade in Flame
- **next year**: 1974
Slade Alive!

***Slade Alive!*** is a 1972 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's first live album. A successful album, it went to number two in the UK.

## Other webcites

- Slade Alive! at Discogs
- Slade Alive! at AllMusic

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Slade Alive!
- **type**: live
- **artist**: Slade
- **released**: 24 March 1972
- **recorded**: 19 October -21 October 1971, London
- **genre**: Hard rock, protopunk
- **length**: 38:59
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor (UK/US)
- **producer**: Chas Chandler
- **prev title**: Coz I Luv You (album), Coz I Luv You
- **prev year**: 1972
- **next title**: Slayed?
- **next year**: 1972
Slade in Flame (album)

***Slade in Flame*** is a 1974 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's fifth studio album. The album was a soundtrack to the band's own 1975 film _Slade in Flame_. A successful album, it went to number six in the UK.

The album featured the singles "Far Far Away" and "How Does It Feel?".

## Track listing

There were "Bangin' Man" instead of "Summer Song (Wishing You Were Here)" and "Thanks For The Memories" instead of "Heaven Knows" on US version.

## Other webcites

- Slade in Flame on AllMusic
- Slade in Flame on Discogs

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Slade in Flame
- **type**: soundtrack
- **artist**: Slade
- **released**: 29 November 1974
- **length**: 41:20
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor (UK)
Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros. (US)
- **producer**: Chas Chandler
- **prev title**: Old New Borrowed and Blue
- **prev year**: 1974
- **next title**: Nobody's Fools
- **next year**: 1976
Nobody's Fools

***Nobody's Fools*** is a 1976 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's sixth studio album. A year before, the band had moved to America to try and gain success in the country, causing the band to lose popularity in the UK and Europe. The album showed the band's declining popularity by peaking at #14 in the UK.

The album featured the singles "In For A Penny", "Let's Call It Quits" and "Nobody's Fool".

## Other webcites

- Nobody's Fools on Discogs

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Nobody's Fools
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Slade
- **border**: yes
- **released**: 5 March 1976
- **recorded**: Mid-1975
The Record Plant,
New York
- **genre**: Glam rock
- **length**: 42:03
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor (UK), Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros. (US)
- **producer**: Chas Chandler
- **prev title**: Slade in Flame (album), Slade in Flame
- **prev year**: 1974
- **next title**: Whatever Happened to Slade
- **next year**: 1977
Whatever Happened to Slade

***Whatever Happened to Slade*** is a 1977 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's seventh studio album. After the band had tried to find success in America, the band were no longer popular in the UK or Europe. The album failed to chart in the UK, due to the new interest in Punk music.

The album featured the single "Gypsy Roadhog".

## Track listing

1. "Be" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Lightning Never Strikes Twice" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Gypsy Roadhog" (Holder/Lea) **UK #48**
1. "Dogs Of Vengeance" (Holder/Lea)
1. "When Fantasy Calls" (Holder/Lea)
1. "One Eyed Jacks With Moustaches" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Big Apple Blues" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Dead Men Tell No Tales" (Holder/Lea)
1. "She's Got The Lot" (Holder/Lea)
1. "It Ain't Love But It Ain't Bad" (Holder/Lea)
1. "The Soul, The Roll and The Motion" (Holder/Lea)

## Other webcites

- Slade – Whatever Happened To Slade (1977, Vinyl). Discogs
- Whatever Happened to Slade? - Slade. AllMusic

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Whatever Happened to Slade
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Slade
- **released**: 1977
- **genre**: rock
- **length**: 01:09:03
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor
- **producer**: Chas Chandler
- **prev title**: Nobody's Fools
- **prev year**: 1976
- **next title**: Return to Base
- **next year**: 1979
Return to Base

***Return to Base*** is a 1979 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's eighth studio album. Continuing the band's period of low popularity, the band were no longer able to get hit singles or albums. The album was released to failure, where it failed to chart.

The album featured the singles "Ginny, Ginny" and "Sign of the Times".

## Track listing

1. "Wheels Ain't Coming Down" (Holder/Lea) - 3:40
1. "Hold on to Your Hats" (Holder/Lea) - 2:32
1. "Chakeeta" (Holder/Lea) - 2:26
1. "Don't Waste Your Time (Back Seat Star)" (Holder/Lea) - 3:28
1. "Sign of the Times" (Holder/Lea) - 3:57
1. "I'm a Rocker" (Chuck Berry) - 2:46
1. "Nut Bolts and Screws" (Holder/Lea) - 2:30
1. "My Baby's Got It" (Holder/Lea) - 2:34
1. "I'm Mad" (Holder/Lea) - 2:46
1. "Lemme Love into Ya" (Holder/Lea) - 3:38
1. "Ginny, Ginny" (Holder/Lea) - 3:38

## Other websites

- Slade - Return To Base | Releases. Discogs
- Return to Base - Slade | Songs, Reviews, Credits. AllMusic

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Return to Base
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Slade
- **released**: 1979
- **genre**: rock
- **length**: 33:43
- **prev title**: Whatever Happened to Slade
- **prev year**: 1977
- **next title**: We'll Bring the House Down
- **next year**: 1981
We'll Bring the House Down

***We'll Bring the House Down*** is a 1981 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's ninth studio album. After the band's period of low popularity, the band played at the 1980 Reading Festival, after Ozzy Osbourne cancelled his appearance at the last minute. The band's performance gave them popularity again and the album peaked at #25 in the UK, becoming their comeback album. The album used the songs "Wheels Ain't Coming Down", "Hold On To Your Hats", "Nut Bolts and Screws", "My Baby's Got It" and "I'm A Rocker" from their previous album _Return to Base_ (1979).

The album featured the singles "We'll Bring the House Down" and "Wheels ain't Coming Down".

## Other websites

- Slade – We'll Bring The House Down (1981, Vinyl). Discogs
- We'll Bring the House Down - Slade | Release Info. AllMusic

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: We'll Bring the House Down
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Slade
- **studio**: Portland Studios
- **genre**: rock
- **length**: 27:17
- **label**: Cheapskate Records
- **producer**: Slade, Chas Chandler
- **prev title**: Return to Base
- **prev year**: 1979
- **next title**: Till Deaf Do Us Part
- **next year**: 1981
Till Deaf Do Us Part

***Till Deaf Do Us Part*** is a 1981 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's tenth studio album. After the band's comeback at the 1980 Reading Festival, the band were now popular again amongst heavy metal fans. The band released a hard rock/heavy metal album to fit with this new success, and the album itself peaked at #68 in the UK.

The album featured the singles "Knuckle Sandwich Nancy", "Lock Up Your Daughters", Ruby Red" and "Rock and Roll Preacher".

## Track listing

1. "Rock N Roll Preacher" (Holder/Lea)  **DE #49**
1. "Lock Up Your Daughters" (Holder/Lea) **UK #29**
1. "Till Deaf Do Us Part" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Ruby Red" (Holder/Lea) **UK #51**
1. "She Brings Out The Devil In Me" (Holder/Lea)
1. "A Night To Remember" (Holder/Lea)
1. "M'Hat, M'Coat" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Its Your Body Not Your Mind" (Holder/Lea)
1. "That Was No Lady, That Was M'Wife" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Knuckle Sandwich Nancy" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Till Deaf Do Us Part (Reprise)" (Holder/Lea)
The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome

***The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome*** is a 1983 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's eleventh studio album. The album featured two successful UK top ten singles, whilst the album itself peaked at #49 in the UK. It was the  band's most successful album of the 1980s.

The album featured the singles "(And Now the Waltz) C'est La Vie", "My Oh My" and "Run Runaway".

## Track listing

1. "Slam the Hammer Down" (Holder/Lea)
1. "In the Doghouse" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Run Run Away" (Holder/Lea) **UK #7**
1. "High and Dry" (Holder/Lea)
1. "My Oh My" (Holder/Lea) **UK #2**
1. "Cocky Rock Boys (Rule O.K.)" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Ready To Explode" (Holder/Lea)
1. "(And Now the Waltz) C'est La Vie" (Holder/Lea) **UK #50**
1. "Cheap 'N' Nasty Luv" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Razzle Dazzle Man" (Holder/Lea)
Keep Your Hands Off My Power Supply

***Keep Your Hands Off My Power Supply*** is a 1984 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's twelfth studio album. The album was a new version of the band's previous album _The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome_, where it was released in America only, after heavy metal band Quiet Riot had big success with a cover of the Slade song "Cum on Feel the Noize". It became the band's most successful album in America, peaking at #33.

The album featured the singles "Run Runaway", "My Oh My" and the promotional single "Slam the Hammer Down".

## Track listing

1. "Run Runaway" (Holder/Lea) **US #20**
1. "My Oh My" (Holder/Lea) **US #37**
1. "High And Dry" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Slam The Hammer Down" (Holder/Lea)
1. "In The Dog House" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Keep Your Hands Off My Power Supply" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Cheap 'N' Nasty Luv" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Don't Tame A Hurricane" (Holder/Lea)
1. "(And Now The Waltz) C'est La Vie" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Ready To Explode" (Holder/Lea)
Rogues Gallery

***Rogues Gallery*** is a 1985 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's thirteenth studio album. Following from the band's European and American success with the singles "My Oh My" and "Run Runaway", the band decided to stop touring but continue recording. The album featured ten radio-friendly songs, although the album was not as successful as hoped, peaking at #60 in the UK.

The album featured the singles "All Join Hands", "7 Year Bitch", "Myzsterious Mizster Jones" and "Little Sheila".

## Track listing

1. "Hey Ho Wish You Well" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Little Sheila " (Holder/Lea) **US #86**
1. "Harmony" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Myzsterious Mizster Jones" (Holder/Lea) **UK #50**
1. "Walking On Water, Running On Alcohol" (Holder/Lea)
1. "7 Year Bitch" (Holder/Lea) **UK #60**
1. "I'll Be There" (Holder/Lea)
1. "I Win, You Lose" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Time To Rock  " (Holder/Lea)
1. "All Join Hands" (Holder/Lea) **UK #15**
Natalie

**Natalie** [ **nat**-l-ee ] is a female given name that comes from late Latin name **Natalia**, which means "Christmas Day". _Natalie_ is found in many languages, but is especially common in French and English speaking countries. Natalie is a name that's been popular for centuries due to its beauty and widespread usage across different cultures and languages. It comes from the Latin word "natalis," which means "birth" or "birthday." Natalie is often associated with Christmas, a holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. The name has been used in many cultures and languages, with different spellings in French, Spanish, Russian, and Italian. It's also been widely used in countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. This name was ranked #56 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People

- Natalie Biden, American internet personality and granddaughter of U.S. President Joe Biden
- Natalie Cole, American singer and songwriter (1950-2015)
- Natalie Merchant, American singer-songwriter
- Natalie Portman, American actress and filmmaker
- Natalie Wood, American actress (1938-1981)
Crackers – The Christmas Party Album

***Crackers – The Christmas Party Album*** is a 1985 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's fourteenth studio album. The album mainly featured new versions of Slade songs, various versions of party anthems, previous Slade hits. The album was successful, peaking at #34 in the UK, receiving a Gold award for sales.

The album featured the single "Do You Believe in Miracles".

## Track listing

1. "Let's Dance"
1. "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town"
1. "Hi Ho Silver Lining"
1. "We'll Bring the House Down"
1. "Cum On Feel the Noize" _(re-recording)_
1. "All Join Hands"
1. "Okey Cokey"
1. "Merry Xmas Everybody"
1. "Do You Believe in Miracles" **UK #54**
1. "Let's Have a Party!"
1. "Get Down and Get with It"
1. "My Oh My"
1. "Run Runaway"
1. "Here's to... (the New Year)"
1. "Do They Know It's Christmas"
1. "Auld Lang Syne / You'll Never Walk Alone"
You Boyz Make Big Noize

***You Boyz Make Big Noize*** is a 1987 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's fourteenth and last studio album. The album featured twelve radio-friendly songs, although the album was not as successful as hoped, peaking at #98 in the UK.

The album featured the singles "Still the Same", "That's What Friends Are For", "You Boyz Make Big Noize", "Ooh La La in L.A." and "We Won't Give In".

## Track listing

1. "Love Is Like A Rock" (Avsec/McClain/Ierace/Hoenes/Valentine)
1. "That's What Friends Are For" (Holder/Lea) **UK #95**
1. "Still The Same" (Holder/Lea) **UK #73**
1. "Fools Go Crazy" (Holder/Lea)
1. "She's Heavy" (Holder/Lea)
1. "We Won't Give In" (Holder/Lea) ***UK #121***
1. "Won't You Rock With Me" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Ooh La La In L.A." (Holder/Lea) ***Did Not Chart***
1. "Me And The Boys" (Holder/Lea)
1. "Sing Shout (Knock Yourself Out)" (Holder/Lea)
1. "The Roaring Silence" (Holder/Lea)
1. "It's Hard Having Fun Nowadays" (Holder/Lea)
1. "You Boyz Make Big Noize" (Holder/Lea) ***UK #94***
    - featured on later editions of the album
Slade Alive, Vol. 2

***Slade Alive, Vol. 2*** is a 1978 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's second live album. Released during the band's period of low popularity, the album failed to chart or gain the same success as the first live album _Slade Alive!_ did.

## Track listing

1. "Get On Up" - 6:02 (Holder/Lea)
1. "Take Me Bak 'Ome" - 4:20 (Holder/Lea)
1. "My Baby Left Me" - 2:41 (Crudup)
1. "Be" - 3:51 (Holder/Lea)
1. "Mama Weer All Crazee Now" - 3:58 (Holder/Lea)
1. "Burning in the Heat of Love" - 3:46 (Holder/Lea)
1. "Everyday" - 3:35 (Holder/Lea)
1. "Gudbuy T'Jane" - 4:59 (Holder/Lea)
1. "One Eyed Jacks With Moustaches" - 3:25 (Holder/Lea)
1. "Cum on Feel the Noize" - 4:21 (Holder/Lea)
Slade on Stage

***Slade on Stage*** is a 1982 rock album by English band Slade. It was the band's third and last live album. The album peaked at #58 in the UK.

## Track listing

1. "Rock 'n' Roll Preacher" - 5:19 (Holder/Lea)
1. "When I'm Dancin' I Ain't Fightin'" - 3:43 (Holder/Lea)
1. "Take Me Bak 'Ome" - 4:33 (Holder/Lea)
1. "Everyday" - 3:18 (Holder/Lea)
1. "Lock Up Your Daughters" - 4:03 (Holder/Lea)
1. "We'll Bring the House Down" - 4:17 (Holder/Lea)
1. "A Night to Remember" - 8:10 (Holder/Lea)
1. "Gudbuy T'Jane" - 4:40 (Holder/Lea)
1. "Mama Weer All Crazee Now" - 2:56 (Holder/Lea)
1. "You'll Never Walk Alone" - 0:35 (Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein)

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Slade on Stage
- **type**: live
- **artist**: Slade
- **released**: December 11, 1982
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **length**: 41:38
- **label**: RCA
- **producer**: Slade
- **prev title**: Til Deaf Do Us Part
(1981)
- **next title**: The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome
(1983)
Aeronautical literary festival

The **Salon du livre aéronautique** (in English : **aeronautical literary festival**) is an events for aviation books and writing created in 2009 and organized each year in Toulouse (campus of ENAC) by the French Civil Aviation University and the ENAC Alumni association.

The event welcomes both large and small publishers and representatives of the book industry. Its originality is to be open to professionals and general public. On one day, meetings are organized with writers, authors ... The diversity of participants, book signings, discussion topics and activities have helped to make this appointment a great cultural and festive time.

## Notable participants

- Jean-François Clervoy
- Guy Jalabert
- Yves Marc
- Bernard Mark
- Patrick Poivre d'Arvor
- André Turcat
- Bernard Ziegler
- Jean-Marc Zuljani
Laura

The name **Laura** [ **lahv**-rah; _English_ **lah**-vr_uh_ ] is a female given name in Latin Europe whose meaning, "Bay Laurel", translates to everyman. The name is from the bay laurel plant, which in the Greco-Roman era, was used as a symbol of victory, fame or honor.

Around British North America, it is likely the name _Laura_ was strongly popular for female babies until its rapid decline in late 19th century. It rebounded various times since, although it has steadily declined in popularity in some countries. This name was ranked #391 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

There are many celebrities carrying the name _Laura_.

In 2020, Hurricane Laura struck western Louisiana and southeast Texas. The storm caused $19 billion in damage. The name _Laura_ was retired and replaced by _Leah_

## People

- Laura Branigan, American singer (1952-2004)
- Laura Marano, American actress and singer
- Laura Marling, British folk singer-songwriter
39th G8 summit

The **39th G8 summit** took place in Northern Ireland on 17th and 18th June 2013.  The meeting was at the Lough Erne Golf Resort in Enniskillen,  Northern Ireland

In the Queen's speech at the state opening of Parliament in 2012, Elizabeth II said that "my government will use this opportunity to promote international security and prosperity."

## History

The gathering of the Group of Eight (G8) will be the 39th meeting in a series which began in 1976.

Previous G8 summits have been hosted by the United Kingdom at London (1977, 1984, 1991) and Birmingham (1998) in England.  The 2005 summit was in Scotland at Gleneagles.

The G8 and the summit are part of a consultation process.  The G8 is not an international organization. It is an informal group.

## Participants

The participants will be the "core members" of the group:

|colspan=2|Member|Represented by|Title|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="4" style="text-align: center; background:Gainsboro"|**Core G8 members** <small>Host nation and leader are indicated in bold text.</small>|||
|Canada|Stephen Harper|Prime Minister||
|France|François Hollande|President||
|Germany|Angela Merkel|Chancellor||
|Italy|Enrico Letta|Prime Minister||
|Japan|Shinzo Abe|Prime Minister||
|Russia|Vladimir Putin|President||
|**United Kingdom**|**David Cameron**|**Prime Minister**||
|United States|Barack Obama|President||
|European Commission|Jose Manuel Barroso|President||
|European Council|Herman Van Rompuy|President||

### Invited leaders

A number of national leaders are traditionally invited to attend the summit.  They are asked to participate in some, but not all, G8 summit activities.

## Schedule and agenda

The summit meetings are intended as a way to resolve differences among the G8 members.

Traditionally, the host country sets the agenda.  As host, Prime Minister Cameron is expected to try to change the G8.  He has criticised costs and questioned the value of G8 meetings.

Discussions at the 39th G8 summit will include some issues which remain unresolved from previous summits.

The G8 discussions will be about a range of topics, including
- Food security
- Nutrition
- Sexual violence in armed conflict

## Protesters  and demonstrations

Because of the nature of the summit, protest groups and other activists usually attend.  The planning for the summit includes how to deal with these groups.

Britain's leading aid groups and charities are planning a "propaganda offensive" which hopes to affect the food-dominated agenda for the G8.

## Related pages

- List of G8 summits

## Other websites

- University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
- Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context
Bugatti

**Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.** is a French supercar company currently owned by Volkswagen. They made cars back in the early 1900s. They made cars such as the Bugatti Veyron. Unlike the regular Veyron, with 300 produced, there are only 20 supersport versions, which used to hold the record for world's fastest car at 267mph. However, that record has been broken by the new Bugatti Chiron, breaking the 300mph barrier. All Bugattis have a 16-cylinder engine and all cost between $1.8 million to $2.2 million (not counting the extras). 1909

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Ettore Bugatti Automobiles
- **native name lang**: fr
- **hq location city**: Molsheim
- **hq location country**: France