juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jose Melo

**Jose Armando R. Melo** (May 30, 1932 – October 18, 2020) was a Filipino lawyer and jurist. He was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 1992 to 2002. He is a former Chairman of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC).

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jose Melo
- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **office**: 128th Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
- **term start**: August 10, 1992
- **term end**: May 30, 2002
- **predecessor**: Ameurfina Melencio-Herrera
- **successor**: Conchita Carpio-Morales
- **appointer**: Fidel Ramos
- **office2**: Commission on Elections (Philippines), Chairman of the Commission on Elections
- **term start2**: March 25, 2008
- **term end2**: January 16, 2011
- **predecessor2**: Romeo A. Brawner
- **successor2**: Sixto Brillantes
- **appointer2**: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
- **nationality**: Filipino
- **birth place**: Manila, Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, Philippine Islands
- **death place**: Manila, the Philippines
- **spouse**: Norma Cruz Melo
Benjamin Abalos

**Benjamin Santos Abalos, Sr.** (born September 21, 1935) is a Filipino politician. He was a chairman of the Commission on Elections. He was also a former chairman of the  MMDA and mayor of Mandaluyong City.

On June 5, 2002 President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo appointed Abalos to replace Alfredo Benipayo.

On October 1, 2007, Abalos resigned during a press conference after complaining for lack of rules to create an impeachment case against Filipino governors. The Commission on Elections appointed Resurreccion Borra as Acting Chairman.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Benjamin Abalos
- **image**: Benjamin Abalos-2-.jpg
- **office**: Commission on Elections (Philippines), Chairman of the Commission on Elections
- **term start**: June 5, 2002
- **term end**: October 1, 2007
- **predecessor**: Alfredo Benipayo
- **successor**: Resurreccion Borra
- **appointer**: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
- **office2**: Chairman of the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
- **president2**: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
- **term start2**: January 20, 2001
- **term end2**: June 5, 2002
- **predecessor2**: Jejomar Binay
- **successor2**: Bayani Fernando
- **office3**: Mayor of Mandaluyong City
- **term start3**: June 30, 1988
- **term end3**: June 30, 1998
- **predecessor3**: Roman delos Reyes <small>(Officer In-Charge)</small>
- **successor3**: Benjamin Abalos, Jr.
- **office4**: Officer In-Charge Mayor of Mandaluyong City, Mandaluyong
- **term start4**: 1986
- **term end4**: 1987
- **predecessor4**: Ernesto Domingo
- **successor4**: Roman delos Reyes <small>(Officer In-Charge)</small>
- **birth name**: Benjamin Santos Abalos, Sr.
- **birth place**: Pangasinan, Insular Government of the Philippine Islands, Philippine Islands
- **nationality**: Filipino people, Filipino
- **party**: Lakas Kampi CMD
- **otherparty**: Lakas–CMD (1991), Lakas CMD <small>(1992-2009)</small>
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino, LDP <small>(before 1992)</small>
- **spouse**: Corazon "Cora" de Castro
- **children**: 4 (including Benjamin Abalos Jr., Benjamin Jr.)
- **alma mater**: Manuel L. Quezon University
- **occupation**: Judge, Lawyer
Christian Monsod

**Christian S. Monsod** (born July 16, 1936) is a Filipino lawyer. He was Chairman of the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). He was one of the creators of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines.

He is the founder and honorary chairman of the Legal Network for Truthful Elections (LENTE) and key activist of the National Citizens' Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL).

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**: The Honorable
- **name**: Christian S. Monsod
- **office**: Commission on Elections (Philippines), Chairperson of the Commission on Elections
- **term start**: June 6, 1991
- **term end**: February 15, 1995
- **predecessor**: Haydee Yorac
- **successor**: Bernardo P. Pardo
- **profession**: Lawyer
- **birth name**: Christian S. Monsod
- **nationality**: Filipino people, Filipino
- **birth place**: Cadiz, Negros Occidental, Cadiz, Negros Occidental, Philippines
- **spouse**: Solita Monsod
- **children**: 5
Canadian Aboriginal syllabics

**Canadian syllabic writing**, or simply **syllabics**, is an abugida and brahmic script created by a Christian missionary to write down the languages of some of the First Nations of Canada. This one alphabet later became many alphabets.

Each letter represents a syllable. The letters look like triangles and curves. Different languages have some different letters to represent the sounds in their own language best.

By the late 19th century the Cree had achieved what may have been one of the highest literacy rates in the world.

## History

James Evan was a Methodist missionary from England. He wanted to create an alphabet to teach the Cree and Ojibwe about Christianity. He got inspiration from the Devanagari alphabet from India.

## Principles

Every consonant has the same shape. For example, the syllables that start with a "p" sound look like a V. To show that they have different vowels, the shapes are rotated. So "pe" would look like ᐯ, while "pa" would be ᐸ.

### Final consonants

In some languages, words end in a final consonant, like the "t" in "cat." To show this, a small letter is added to the end of the word.

### Diacritics

In some languages, diacritics are added to indicate things like vowel length.

### Inuktitut

Syllabics is one of the official writing systems of Nunavut. That means that government forms in Inuktitut can be written either in the Latin alphabet (ABCs) or in syllabics.
Bernardo P. Pardo

**Bernardo P. Pardo** (February 11, 1932 – December 10, 2025) was a Filipino politician and lawyer. Between 1995 to 1998, he was Chairman of the Commission on Elections. In 1998, President Joseph Estrada nominated him to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He retired in 2002.

Pardo was born in Manila. He studied at the University of Texas. Pardo died on December 10, 2025 at the age of 93.
Wymeswold

**Wymeswold** is a village and civil parish in the north of Leicestershire, a county in England. The 2011 census saw that around 1,296 people live there.

It is located north-east of Loughborough, a university town, and is very close to the border with Nottinghamshire. Nearby villages include Barrow-upon-Soar, Prestwold, Burton on the Wolds and Rempstone.

The village was formerly the location of RAF Wymeswold which has since closed. There is a memorial plaque on the wall of Wymeswold Pharmacy that pays tribute to when a Wellington Bomber crashed into a nearby hill while on a night training course.

The village has a greengrocer, a general convenience store, a pine furniture store, a gift shop, a restaurant and two public houses (The Three Crowns and The Windmill). There is also a village cricket club which also includes a football pitch.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Wymeswold
- **country**: England
- **region**: East Midlands
- **static image name**: File:Wymeswold.jpg
- **static image caption**: Wymeswold Parish Church
- **population**: 1,296
- **os grid reference**: SK602235
- **map alt**: Map of Leicestershire, with a red dot showing the location of Wymeswold
- **label position**: right
- **post town**: Loughborough, LOUGHBOROUGH
- **postcode area**: LE
- **postcode district**: LE12
- **dial code**: 118 365
- **civil parish**: Wymeswold
- **constituency westminster**: Loughborough (UK Parliament constituency), Loughborough
- **unitary england**: Borough of Charnwood, Charnwood
- **lieutenancy england**: Leicestershire
Regino C. Hermosisima Jr.

**Regino Campos Hermosisima Jr.** (born October 18, 1927) is a Filipino politician and lawyer. He was born in Cebu. He became a member of the Supreme Court as an Associate Justice on July 10, 1995. He retired on October 18, 1997. He was nominated by President Fidel Ramos.
Jose Vitug

**Jose C. Vitug** (born 15 July 1934) is a Filipino lawyer and jurist. He was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He was appointed to the Court on June 28, 1993 by President Fidel Ramos and retired on July 15, 2004. Vitug was the Founding Dean of the Angeles University Foundation College of Law in Manila.
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines

An **Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines** is one of 15 members of the Philippine Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines.

The Chief Justice is in charge over the High Court, but carries only one of the 15 votes in the court.

Until 1973, only men were appointed as Associate Justices to the Court. Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, an appointee of then-dictator Ferdinand Marcos, was the first woman to sit on the Court.

Since then, 15 other women have been appointed as Associate Justices of the Supreme Court.

## References

- The Supreme Court E-library
Port of Beirut

The **Port of Beirut** () is the main port in Lebanon on the eastern part of the Saint George Bay on Beirut's northern Mediterranean coast. It is west of the Beirut River. It is one of the largest and busiest ports on the Eastern Mediterranean.

On 4 August 2020, two large explosions happened at the port, killing at least 220 people, and injuring more than 5,000 others.
Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya

**Sviatlana Hyeorhiyeuna Tsikhanouskaya** (, née **Pilipchuk**, Піліпчук, _also trans._ **Svetlana Georgiyevna Tikhanovskaya**, ; born 11 September 1982) is a Belarusian activist and politician. She was a presidential candidate in the 2020 Belarusian presidential election. She was born in Mikashevichy.

## 2020 presidential campaign

Her husband, Sergei Tikhanovsky is a YouTuber and ran for president in 2020. However he was arrested. After the arrest of her husband on 29 May, Tsikhanouskaya announced her intention to run in his place. Many people supported her campaign because the current president, Alexander Lukashenko has been seen as a dictator and very unpopular.

The night before the election, members of her campaign were arrested and some fled to Minsk.

Soon, she fled to Lithuania due to fear of imprisonment.

In January 2023, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus designated the structures of Svetlana Tikhanovskaya as an extremist formations. Members of extremist formations face imprisonment under Belarusian law.

In March 2023, Tsikhanouskaya was sentenced in-absentia to a 15-year jail term.

## Other websites

- Facebook page of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya

- **image**: Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya in 2025 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Tsikhanouskaya in November 2025
- **birth name**: Sviatlana Heorhiyeuna Pilipchuk
- **birth place**: Mikashevichy, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union (now Belarus)
- **nationality**: Belarusian
- **occupation**: Teacher, interpreter, politician
- **alma mater**: Mozyr State Pedagogical University
- **children**: 2
2020–2021 Belarusian protests

The **2020 Belarusian protests**, nicknamed the **Slipper Revolution**, and the **Anti-Cockroach Revolution** are a series of street protests against Belarus's president Alexander Lukashenko. They began on 24 March 2020.

The protests are part of the Belarusian democracy movement. They are upset over the 2020 Belarusian presidential election, in which Lukashenko was controversially re-elected. Many believed the election was rigged and unfair.

Support from Russian President Vladimir Putin helped Alexander Lukashenko hold on, and the security forces started attacking people from the opposite side.

There were more than 600 political prisoners as of August 2021. These numbers came from the Viasna Human Rights Centre. Tens of thousands of people have been arrested and thousands have left the country.
The Naked and the Dead

***The Naked and the Dead*** is a novel written by an American author named Norman Mailer. It was published in 1948. The novel was based on Mailer's experience as a cook while he was stationed in the Philippines. It is about the experiences about one platoon during World War II as they fight in the South Pacific.

It became very popular. It was turned into a film in 1958.

## Plot

The story takes place on the fictional island of Anopopei in the South Pacific and is about American soldiers trying to drive off the Japanese so that they can advance into the Philippines.

### Part 1- Wave

Staff Sergeant Sam Croft, Woodrow Wilson, and Roy Gallagher are playing cards the night before a scheduled attack. They are members of a recon platoon fighting on Anopopei. The next morning, as the platoon takes boats to the island, they are nervous. Sgt. William Brown and Cpl. Stanley talk about women and the other men in their squad. The assault begins, and as the platoon waits for their turn to come to the island, they nervously joke among themselves. Once the squad reaches the beach, they dig foxholes. Stanley picks a fight with Oscar Ridges and Red Valsen, but ultimately Red knows the time is not right for a fight, and he backs down. Croft leaves to find his commanding officer. Once they’ve begun to settle in on the beach, the Japanese attack. The squad splits up. Cpl. Toglio, Hennessey, and Ridges have completed their foxholes, so they stay on the beach. Brown, Gallagher, Wilson, Red, Stanley, and Sgt. Julio Martinez run after Croft. As the beach is shelled, Hennessey panics and soils himself. He runs down the beach to try to clean his pants, but he is killed.

### Part 2- Argil and Mold

Croft pleads with higher officers to give him more men to replace those lost. He ultimately earns an extra replacement man, bringing the squad up to fourteen. Roth and Goldstein, two of the new men in the platoon, become friends because they are both Jewish.

## Characters

- **Hennessey** is a newer member of the platoon. He is very cautious as to not get killed. When they arrive at the beach of Anopopei, he defecates in his pants out of fear. He has a mental breakdown and runs down the beach in hopes of getting new pants. He is killed soon after by shrapnel from an exploding mortar shell.

### "Fug"

The publisher would not let the word "fuck" be in the novel, so Mailer used the word "fug" to replace it.

## Infobox (book)

- **italic title**: The Naked and the Dead
- **image**: Norman Mailer (1948).jpg
- **caption**: Author of the book
- **name**: The Naked and the Dead
- **author**: Norman Mailer
- **language**: English
- **publisher**: Rinehart & Company
- **pub date**: 1948
- **pages**: 721
Oliviu Gherman

**Oliviu Gherman** (26 April 1930 – 11 August 2020) was a Romanian physicist, politician, university professor and diplomat. He was a member of the Romanian Senate between 1990 through 2004. He was the Senate President between 1992 to 1996. Between 2001 to 2004, he was the Romanian Ambassador to France.

Gherman died on 11 August 2020 at the age of 90.
Elaine Devry

**Elaine Devry** (born **Thelma Elaine Mahnken**, January 10, 1930 – September 20, 2023) is an American actress.

Her first movie was _The Atomic Kid_, in which she and her husband Mickey Rooney co-starred. Devry made three guest appearances on _Perry Mason_, including the title role of defendant Janice Wainwright in the 1962 episode "The Case of the Shapely Shadow."

She also appeared in many other popular television series, including _Death Valley Days_, _Bonanza_, _77 Sunset Strip_, _Burke's Law_, _Family Affair_, _I Dream of Jeannie_, _Marcus Welby, M.D._, _Dragnet_, and _Tales of Wells Fargo_.
She died in Grants Pass on September 20, 2023, at the age of 93.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Elaine Devry
- **birth name**: Thelma Elaine Mahnken
- **birth place**: Compton, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Grants Pass, Oregon, U.S.
- **other names**: Elaine Davis
- **occupation**: Actress
- **notable works**: _The Atomic Kid_
_Diary of a Madman (film), Diary of a Madman_
_A Guide for the Married Man_
- **alma mater**: Compton College, Compton Junior College
- **children**: 2
- **yearsactive**: 1953–1999
Martha Vickers

**Martha Vickers** (May 28, 1925 – November 2, 1971) was an American model and actress.

She played minor roles in many movies during the early 1940s. She played the drug-addicted younger sister of Lauren Bacall's character in _The Big Sleep_ (1946). She also starred in a musical, _The Time, the Place and the Girl_ (also 1946). She also starred in _Love and Learn_ and _That Way with Women_ (both 1947).

Vickers died of esophageal cancer at a hospital in Los Angeles on November 2, 1971 at the age of 46.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Martha Vickers
- **image**: Martha Vickers.jpg
- **caption**: Martha Vickers in 1945
- **birthname**: Martha Vitivker
- **birth place**: Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **resting place**: Valhalla Memorial Park
- **years active**: 1943–1960
- **children**: 3.
Lorenzo Lamas

**Lorenzo Lamas** (born January 20, 1958) is an American actor. He is best known for his role of Lance Cumson in the soap opera _Falcon Crest_ (1981–1990).

Lamas is also known for his roles as Reno Raines in the crime drama series _Renegade_ (1992–1997), and Hector Ramirez in the soap opera _The Bold and the Beautiful_ (2004–2006).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lorenzo Lamas
- **image**: Lorenzo Lamas 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Lamas in April 2013
- **birth name**: Lorenzo Fernando Lamas
- **birth place**: Santa Monica, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1969–present
- **spouse**: *Victoria Hilbert (m. 1981–1982)
*Michele Smith (m. 1983–1985)
*Kathleen Kinmont (m. 1989–1993)
*Shauna Sand (m. 1996–2002)
*Shawna Craig (m. 2011–2018)
- **children**: 6
- **parents**: Fernando Lamas (father)
Arlene Dahl (mother)
Fernando Lamas

**Fernando Álvaro Lamas y de Santos** (January 9, 1916October 8, 1982) was an Argentine-American actor and director. He was known for playing the "Latin Lover" in many movies during the 1940s and 1950s.

In 1951, Lamas starred as Paul Sarnac in the musical, _Rich, Young and Pretty_ with Jane Powell. He also starred in _The Law and the Lady_ (1952) which was very unpopular.

He also starred alongside Elizabeth Taylor in _The Girl Who Had Everything_ (1952).

He is the father of actor Lorenzo Lamas. He was married to Arlene Dahl between 1954 and 1960. He was also married to Esther Williams between 1969 until his death.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Fernando Lamas
- **image**: Fernando Lamas Mannix 1970 (cropped).JPG
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Lamas in 1970
- **birth name**: Fernando Álvaro Lamas y de Santos
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Pancreatic cancer
- **occupation**: Actor, director
- **years active**: 1942–1982
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 3, including Lorenzo Lamas
Female Go players

This is an article about the history of **Female Go players**.

## Social background

Female Go players are viewed to be a minority. This is due to these reasons:
- There are many male players but only few female players.
    - In Japan, there are only three female 8-dan players. And there are no female 9-dan. In addition, there are no female winners at games without gender rules. Asami Ueno was the first female player who managed to be a finalist.
    - In China, there was no female 9-dan before Rui Naiwei.
    - Most players and winners at World championships are male.
- Not all female players are fairly paid. Joanne Missingham is known for her protests to this issue.
- At most Go organizations, directors are only male.
These are caused by many reasons. One factor is they retire earlier due to marriage, pregnancy and maternity.

### Comparison with female shogi players

In Japan, Go players are always compared with shogi players. This is because newspapers like Asahi Shinbun treat them equal. But there is a big difference among female players. Female Go players usually belong to the same organization with others. But this does not happen for shogi. Female shogi players belong to the Ladies Professional Shogi Association (LPSA). The others belong to the Japan Shogi Association (JSA). Some LPSA players like Kana Satomi have tried to enter JSA. But currently, no one has entered.

### Europe

In Europe, there were no notable female players before Svetlana Shikshina and Diana Koszegi. In order to increase female players, the European Go Federation is holding the European Womens Go Championship (EWGC) since 1996 and the European Pair Go Championship (EPGC) since 1997.

### Japan

Kansai Ki-in has eased the age rules to female players. At Nihon Ki-in, there is a special exam for female players. Most female professionals (except Xie Yimin and Keiko Kato etc.) have got their pro status by this way. In 2019, Nihon Ki-in has started a female player test system to give more support to them. Nihon Ki-in is also sponsoring female amateur games.

#### Female Student Honinbo

This is a tournament operated with the All Japan Student Go Federation. Some winners have got pro status, or became top amateur players. Only players who cleared regional games can attend.

#### All Japan Female Amateur Go Championship

The All Japan Female Amateur Go Championship is the highest match for female amateur Go players. Some winners have became a pro. The next table shows the notable winners.
|Year|Winner|
| --- | --- |
|1965|Tomoko Ogawa|
|1970-1971 and 1975|Kazuko Kanai|
|1977-1978, 1980, 1985 and 1987|Yoshiko Kamekura|
|1981-1984|Yasuko Yoshie|
|1990-1991 and 1993-1995|Akiko Sato|
|1997|Narumi Ohsawa|
|2000-2001|Mieko Nakajima|
|2002 and 2013|Maya Ohsawa (Narumi Ohsawa's sister. The Ohsawa sisters became the first sisters to win at here)|
|2003|Kaori Mukai (Chiaki Mukai's sister, now known as Kaori Mimura)|
|2004|Miori Shimosaka|
|2005 and 2007|Akane Ishii (currently known as Akane Tatsumi)|
|2014-2015|Akiko Fujiwara|
|2016|Reina Oshima|
|2017|Saeka Iwata|
Kaori Chinen, Yukari Yoshihara and Rina Fujisawa also joined this game.
Rahat Indori

**Rahat Indori**, born **Rahat Qureshi** (1 January 1950 – 11 August 2020) was an Indian Bollywood lyricist and Urdu poet. He was also a former professor of Urdu language and a painter. He was a language professor at Devi Ahilya University, Indore. As a movie score composer, his best known works were _Khuddar_, _Mission Kashmir_ and _Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities_. Indori was born in Indore, Madhya Pradesh.

Indori died on 11 August 2020 at a hospital in Indore from COVID-19, aged 70. He was tested positive for the infection the night before.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Rahat Indori
- **image**: Rahat Saab At Ahmedabad.jpg
- **birth name**: Rahat Qureshi
- **birth place**: Indore, Madhya Bharat, Dominion of India (in present-day Madhya Pradesh, India)
- **death place**: Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
- **education**: Master of Arts, MA, PhD in Urdu literature
- **alma mater**: Islamia Karimia College, Indore
Barkatullah University, Bhopal
- **genre**: Ghazal, Nazm, Geet (song), Geet
- **spouse**: Seema Rahat

- **children**: 4
Mohammad Javad Zarif

**Mohammad Javad Zarif** (; ; born c. 7 January 1960) is an Iranian politician. He was the foreign minister of Iran from 2013 to 2021. He helped end the economic sanctions against Iran from many countries on 16 January 2016.

On 25 February 2019, Zarif resigned from his post as foreign minister. His resignation was rejected by President Hassan Rouhani.

Mohammad Yavad Zarif served as vice president of the Islamic Republic of Iran between August 1, 2024 and August 11, 2024 before resigning.

## Infobox (academic)

- **child**: yes
- **alma mater**: San Francisco State University, San Francisco State (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Master of Arts, MA)
Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver (Master of Arts, MA, Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
- **thesis title**: Self-Defense in International Law and Policy
- **thesis url**: https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65094080
- **thesis year**: 1988
- **workplaces**:
University of Tehran
Islamic Azad University


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mohammad Javad Zarif
- **image**: Mohammad javad zarif in 2021 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Zarif in 2021
- **office**: Vice President of Iran
for Strategic Affairs
- **president**: Masoud Pezeshkian
- **term start**: 1 August 2024
- **predecessor**: Position established
- **office2**: Foreign Affairs Minister of Iran, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran
- **president2**: Hassan Rouhani
- **deputy2**: Morteza Sarmadi
- **term start2**: 15 August 2013
- **term end2**: 25 August 2021
- **predecessor2**: Ali Akbar Salehi
- **successor2**: Hossein Amir-Abdollahian
- **office3**: List of Iranian nuclear negotiators, Chief Nuclear Negotiator of Iran
- **president3**: Hassan Rouhani
- **term start3**: 6 September 2013
- **term end3**: 14 July 2015
- **deputy3**: Abbas Araghchi
- **predecessor3**: Saeed Jalili
- **successor3**: Abbas Araghchi (as head of
- **office4**: Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations, Ambassador of Iran to the United Nations
- **president4**: Mohammad Khatami
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
- **term start4**: 5 August 2002
- **term end4**: 25 July 2007
- **predecessor4**: Mohammad Hadi Nejad Hosseinian, Mohd. Hadi Nejad Hosseinian
- **successor4**: Mohammad Khazaee
- **birth place**: Tehran, Pahlavi Iran
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **children**: 2
- **awards**: Mohammad Javad Zarif#Accolades, see below
- **signature**: Signature of Mohammad Javad Zarif.svg
- **website**: [http://www.mfa.gov.ir/index.aspx?fkeyid=&siteid=1&pageid=2162 Government site]
- **native name lang**: fa
Isabelle Fuhrman

**Isabelle Fuhrman** (born February 25, 1997) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Esther in the 2009 horror movie _Orphan_ and Clove in the 2012 dystopian adventure movie _The Hunger Games_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Isabelle Fuhrman
- **image**: Isabelle Fuhrman (Headshot).jpg
- **caption**: Fuhrman in 2010
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **education**: Stanford Online High School (2015), Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, RADA
- **years active**: 2004–present
- **relatives**: Elina Fuhrman (mother)
Shakuntala Devi

**Shakuntala Devi** (4 November 1929 – 21 April 2013) was an Indian writer and mental calculator. She was popularly known as the "Human Computer". Devi wanted to make mathematics easier for students.

Her talent earned her a place in the 1982 edition of _The Guinness Book of World Records_. However, the certificate for the record was given posthumously on 30 July 2020, despite Devi achieving her world record on 18 June 1980. In 2019, a movie was made in memory of her. The name of the movie was Shakuntala Devi.Unlike Marcus Zhong, Shakuntla had an IQ of 160.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Shakuntala Devi
- **caption**: Shakuntala Devi
- **other names**: Human computer
- **birth place**: Bangalore, Princely State of Mysore, British India (present day Karnataka, India)
- **death cause**: Heart attack
- **children**: 1
- **death place**: Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- **occupation**: Author, mental calculator, Mathematician, Astrologer
Vidya Balan

**Vidya Balan** (pronounced ; born 1 January 1979) is an Indian actress.

She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2014.

Vidya is known for her roles in _Paa_ (2009), the black comedy _Ishqiya_ (2010), the thrillers _No One Killed Jessica_ and _Kahaani_ (2012), and the biopic _The Dirty Picture_ (2011).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Vidya Balan
- **image**: Vidya Balan promoting Mission Mangal.jpg
- **caption**: Vidya in 2019
- **birth place**: Bombay, Maharashtra, India
- **alma mater**: University of Mumbai
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1995, 2003–present
- **works**: Vidya Balan filmography, Full list
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Vidya Balan, Full list
- **honours**: Padma Shri (2014)
Cheraw, South Carolina

**Cheraw** ( ,  ) is a town on the Pee Dee River in Chesterfield County South Carolina, United States. The population was 5,040 at the 2020 census. It has been nicknamed "The Prettiest Town in Dixie".
Jodrell Bank Observatory

The **Jodrell Bank Observatory** a radio telescope in Cheshire. It picks up radio waves from outer space. Jodrell Bank is mainly used for investigating radio waves from the planets and stars.

It was the idea of its first director, Bernard Lovell, to use radio signals to investigate cosmic rays. Lovell, Professor of Astronomy at Manchester University, had worked on radar in World War II. The observatory was set up in 1945.

It has been used to research meteoroids, quasars, pulsars, masers and gravitational lenses. It was heavily involved in tracking space probes.

The main telescope at the observatory is the Lovell Telescope. It has a diameter of , and is the third largest steerable radio telescope in the world. There are three other active telescopes at the observatory.

The Jodrell Bank Observatory is the base of the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN), a "National Facility" run by the University of Manchester. What this means is that radio telescopes can work together to form a long baseline to better collect data from an important phenomenon. There are three other active telescopes at the observatory; the Mark II, and  and 7 m diameter radio telescopes.

The telescope discovered radio noise from the Great Nebula in Andromeda—the first definite detection of an extragalactic radio source—and the remains of Tycho's Supernova in the radio frequency. At that time, Tycho's Supervova had not been discovered by regular light telescopes.

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **child**: yes
- **whs**: Jodrell Bank Observatory
- **location**: United Kingdom
- **criteria**: (i), (ii), (iv), (vi)
- **id**: 1594
- **year**: 2019


## Infobox (observatory)
New Town, Edinburgh

The **New Town** is in the central area in Edinburgh, Scotland. Together with the Old Town, it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.

It was built in stages between 1767 and around 1850. It kept much of its original neoclassical and Georgian period architecture. It is most famous for Princes Street. It faces the Edinburgh Castle and the Old Town.

## Other websites

- Edinburgh World Heritage_/_ New Town

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **whs**: New Town, Edinburgh
- **criteria**: (ii)(iv)
- **id**: 728
- **caption**: Edinburgh's New Town, viewed from Edinburgh Castle
- **image**: Edinburgh New Town from Edinburgh Castle.jpg
- **location**: Edinburgh, Scotland
- **part of**: Old Town, Edinburgh, Old and New Towns of Edinburgh
- **year**: 1995
Tycho's Supernova

**Tycho's Supernova**  also called **SN 1572** or **B Cassiopeiae** (B Cas) – was a supernova of Type Ia in the constellation Cassiopeia. It is one of eight supernovae visible to the naked eye in historical records. It appeared in early November 1572 and was independently discovered by many people. It is called Tycho's because Tycho Brahe published a book the next year about what he and other astronomers saw.

The remains of the supernova was first detected by radio telescope<nowiki/>s. It was often known as **3C 10**, which is a radio-source designation, but now people call it **Tycho's supernova remnant**. It can be seen by light telescope.
Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City

**Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City** is a former UNESCO World Heritage Site in Liverpool, England. The six sites included the Pier Head, Albert Dock,  William Brown Street,  and other famous landmarks in the city. They are considered the 'supreme example of a commercial port at a time of Britain's greatest global influence'.

The sites were nominated to UNESCO in January 2003. By March 2004, ICOMOS recommended the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City as a World Heritage Site. It was accepted under cultural bases: ii, iii and iv.

In 2012, the proposed construction of Liverpool Waters project caused the sites to be included in the List of World Heritage in Danger. In July 2017, UNESCO warned it might lose its status because of the development plans.

English Heritage argued against the Liverpool Waters development. It thought some of Liverpool's most significant historic buildings would be “severely compromised”.

In July 2021, UNESCO announced that the site had been stripped of its World Heritage status.

## Other websites

- Liverpool World Heritage Website

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City
- **image**: Liverpool Waterfront 202106.jpg
- **caption**: Liverpool Pier Head
- **location**: Liverpool, North West England, England, United Kingdom
- **start date**: 1841
- **completion date**: 1847
- **inauguration date**: 1846
- **map type**: North West England#United Kingdom
- **architectural style**: Victorian
- **image upright**: 1.2
Theaceae

The ***Theaceae*** is a family of plants in the order Ericales. They contain the genus _Camellia_, used to make tea. They have around 7 to 40 genera.
Supinfo

**SUPINFO International University**, formerly called "École Supérieure d'Informatique", is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of IONIS Education Group. It has been created in 1965. The school is recognized by the French State since 1972.

It offers a 5-year course in IT.

## Further reading

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Supinfo
- **image name**: SUPINFO Paris campus.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **established**: 1965
- **type**: Private
- **students**: 1500
- **city**: Paris and 4 other locations in France
- **campus**: Paris, Caen, Tours, Lyon, Lille
- **country**: France
- **affiliations**: IONIS Education Group
- **website**: https://www.supinfo.com
Sabang tree frog

The **Sabang tree frog** (_Nyctimystes sanguinolenta_)  is a tree frog from New Guinea.  Scientists have seen it in the Baliem Valley and other places not high above sea level in Indonesia.
Old Town, Edinburgh

The **Old Town** () is oldest part of Edinburgh. It preserved much of its medieval street plan and buildings. Together with New Town, it forms a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

## Royal Mile

The main street in the Old Town is called the "Royal Mile". It runs on a downwards path from Edinburgh Castle to Holyrood Palace and the ruined Holyrood Abbey.

The streets are not officially called The Royal Mile in terms of legal addresses. The actual street names (running west to east) are Castlehill, Lawnmarket, High Street, Canongate and Abbey Strand.

Notable buildings in the Old Town include St. Giles' Cathedral, the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland, the National Museum of Scotland, the Old College of the University of Edinburgh and the Scottish Parliament Building. The area is known to have underground vaults and hidden passages that are relics of old phases of construction.

## Sections

In addition to the Royal Mile, the Old Town may be divided into various areas from west to east:

- West Port, the old route to the west
- Grassmarket, the area to the south-west
- Edinburgh Castle
- The Cowgate, the lower southern section of the town
- Canongate, the whole eastern district
- Holyrood, it includes Holyrood Palace and Holyrood Abbey
- Croft-An-Righ, a group of buildings north-east of Holyrood

## Major events

In 1824, a major fire known as Great Fire of Edinburgh, destroyed most of the buildings on the south side of the High Street. During the Edinburgh International Festival, the High Street and Hunter Square become gathering points. Performers in the Fringe advertise their shows, often through street performances.

On 7 December 2002, the Cowgate fire destroyed a small but dense group of old buildings on the Cowgate and South Bridge. It destroyed the famous comedy club, The Gilded Balloon. Other areas affected were the Informatics Department of the University of Edinburgh. The vast artificial intelligence library was also damaged. The site was redeveloped 2013-2014. There now stands a single new building which largely used as a hotel.

## Other websites

- Kincaid map showing the Old Town in 1784

- UNESCO World Heritage Site Inscription
- Edinburgh Old Town Association

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **image**: Old Town from Princes Street.JPG
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **caption**: The Old Town seen from Princes Street
- **location**: Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- **part of**: Old and New Town, Edinburgh, New Towns of Edinburgh
- **criteria**: (ii)(iv)
- **id**: 728
- **year**: 1995
- **locmapin**: Edinburgh#Scotland#United Kingdom
Lantz, Navarre

**Lantz** is a village in Navarre, Spain. It still maintains its old tradition of rural carnival.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Lantz
- **official name**: Lantz, Navarre
- **image skyline**: Lanz 02.jpg
- **image caption**: Houses in the village of Lantz
- **image map**: Navarra-loc.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Navarre, Spain
- **image seal**: Escudo de Lanz.svg
Balsaminaceae

The ***Balsaminaceae*** is a family of two genera and around 850 to 1,000 species, mostly in the genus _Impatiens_. The two genera in this family are _Impatiens_ and _Hydrocera_.
Vyacheslav Volodin

**Vyacheslav Viktorovich Volodin** (; born 4 February 1964) is a Russian politician. He is the 10th Chairman of the State Duma since 5 October 2016.

## Career

Volodin was Vladimir Putin's aide. He was the Secretary-General of the United Russia party. He was also a deputy in the State Duma from 1999-2001.

From 2010 until 2012, he was Deputy Prime Minister of Russia. He was also a first deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. He also helped in Putin's third term.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **alma mater**: Saratov State Agrarian University
Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
- **otherparty**: Fatherland – All Russia
- **successor3**: Boris Gryzlov <small>(as Parliamentary leader of United Russia)</small>
- **successor2**: Anton Vaino
- **successor**: Sergey Kiriyenko
- **occupation**: Doctor of law
- **predecessor3**: Yevgeny Primakov
- **predecessor2**: Sergey Sobyanin
- **predecessor1**: Vladislav Surkov
- **predecessor**: Sergey Naryshkin
- **party**: United Russia
- **office4**: Parliamentary leader of Fatherland – All Russia
- **office3**: Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, Deputy Prime Minister of Russia — Head of the Government Executive Office
- **office2**: First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia
- **office1**: Deputy of the State Duma
- **office**: List of Chairmen of the State Duma, 10th Chairman of the State Duma
- **name**: Vyacheslav Volodin
- **image**: Володин В.В.jpg
- **honorific prefix**: State Duma, MP
- **birth place**: Alexeyevka, Khvalynsky District, Saratov Oblast, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
- **birth name**: Vyacheslav Viktorovich Volodin
<small>Вячеслав Викторович Володин</small>
- **website**: [http://vvolodin.ru/ vvolodin.ru]
- **signature**: Подпись Володина Вячеслава Викторовича.png
- **signature alt**: Signature of Vyacheslav Volodin
NGC 4754

**NGC 4754** is a barred lenticular galaxy in the Virgo constellation. It was discovered on March 15, 1784 by astronomer William Herschel.
Hiroe Nakai

(born June 24, 1969 in Hokkaido) is a Japanese Professional shogi player ranked 6-dan since 2002. She was one of the rivals of Ichiyo Shimizu.

## LPSA service

Nakai was selected to be the first representative director of The Ladies Professional Shogi-player's Association of Japan (LPSA) after it was established in 2007. She served in that position until 2010.

## Major titles

She has obtained 19 major titles in her career. This is a 3rd place record in Japanese shogi history.
|Title||Years||Number of times overall|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Women's Grand Master (女流名人)|1985-86, 1988, 1991–93, 1999, 2001–02|9 (Obtained lifetime title)|||
|Women's King (女流王将)|1995, 2002–04|4|||
|Women's Monarch (女流王位)|1990-92|3|||
|Kurashiki Tōka Cup|2000-03|3|||

## Awards and honors

Nakai received a number of Japan Shogi Association Annual Shogi Awards and other awards in recognition of her accomplishments in shogi and contributions made to Japanese society.

### Annual shogi awards

- 13th-14th, 16th, 20th and 27th Annual Awards: Women's Professional Award
- 29th-30th Annual Awards (April 2001 - March 2003): Women's Professional of the Year
- 31st-32nd Annual Awards (April 2003 - March 2005): Women's Professional Award
- 38th and 40th Annual Awards: Women's Professional Most Games Played

### Other awards

- 1986, February: Wakkanai, Hokkaido Meritorious Citizen Award

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Hiroe Nakai
- **image**: Hiroe_Nakai.jpg
- **occupation**: Professional shogi player
Fips Asmussen

**Fips Asmussen** (born **Rainer Pries**; 30 April 1938 – 9 August 2020) was a German comedian and entertainer. He was known for his quick delivery of puns and bad jokes. Asmussen was born in Hamburg. His later comedy performances became known for unfunny and mostly politically incorrect.

Asmussen died on 9 August 2020 in Querfurt, Saxony-Anhalt at the age of 82.
Rose of Washington Square

***Rose of Washington Square*** is a 1939 American musical drama movie directed by Gregory Ratoff and stars Tyrone Power, Alice Faye, Al Jolson, Moroni Olsen, Winifred Harris, Joyce Compton, William Frawley, Ralph Dunn, Louis Prima. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Vinka Lucas

**Vinka Dragica Lucas**  (née **Ravlich / Ravlić**; 1 January 1932 – 10 August 2020) was a Croatian-born New Zealand fashion and bridalwear designer and business owner. She was co-founder of _New Zealand Bride_ magazine. In 1959 Lucas and her husband David Lucas bought a fashion and dressmaking business in Hamilton. In 1963, the couple published a booklet of bridal designs, which later grew into the magazine _New Zealand Bride_.

In 2009, Lucas suffered a stroke.

In the 2019 New Year Honours, Lucas was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit.

She died in Auckland on 10 August 2020, aged 88.
Trini Lopez

**Trinidad "Trini" López III** (May 13, 1937August 11, 2020) was an American singer, guitarist, and actor.

His first album included a version of "If I Had a Hammer", which earned a Golden Disc for him. His other hits included "Lemon Tree", "I'm Comin' Home, Cindy" and "Sally Was a Good Old Girl".

He designed two guitars for the Gibson Guitar Corporation.

He starred as Pedro Jimenez in the 1967 war movie _The Dirty Dozen_.

Lopez never married and had no children.

Lopez died on August 11, 2020 at a hospital in Palm Springs, California from COVID-19, aged 83.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Trini Lopez
- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: Aankomst Trini Lopez op Schiphol voor bijwonen Grand Gala du Disque Aankomst T, Bestanddeelnr 915-6212.jpg
- **caption**: Trini Lopez in 1963
- **birth name**: Trinidad López III
- **birth place**: Dallas, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: Palm Springs, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Singer, musician and actor
- **years active**: 1959–2020
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar
- **label**: Reprise Records, Reprise, Columbia Records, Columbia, King Records (USA), King, Crown Records, Crown
Juan Pastor Marco

**Juan Pastor Marco** (24 November 1951 – 11 August 2020) was a Spanish politician. He was born in Orba, Alicante. He was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). In 1977, he was elected to the Spanish Congress of Deputies representing Valencia Province.

He then was Secretary General of the PSOE in the Valencian Community from 1978 to 1979. He retired in 1982.

Pastor Marco died on 11 August 2020, aged 68.
The Dirty Dozen

***The Dirty Dozen*** is a 1967 war movie starring Lee Marvin and featuring an ensemble supporting cast including Ernest Borgnine, Charles Bronson, Jim Brown, John Cassavetes, George Kennedy, Robert Ryan, Telly Savalas, Robert Webber and Donald Sutherland with Trini Lopez. It was directed by Robert Aldrich.

The screenplay is based on the 1965 bestseller by E. M. Nathanson.
Robert Ryan

**Robert Bushnell Ryan** (November 11, 1909July 11, 1973) was an American actor and activist. He was known for playing tough cops and ruthless villains. He worked in theater and movies. Ryan was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his rolein _Crossfire_ (1947)''.

Ryan died of lung cancer in New York City on July 11, 1973 at the age of 63.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robert Ryan
- **image**: Robert Ryan in Marine Raiders.JPG
- **caption**: Robert Ryan in _Marine Raiders (film), Marine Raiders_ (1944)
- **birthname**: Robert Bushnell Ryan
- **birth date**: November 11, 1909
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, U.S.
- **yearsactive**: 1940–73
- **children**: 3
Robert Webber

**Robert Laman Webber** (October 14, 1924 – May 19, 1989) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Juror No. 12 in the classic 1957 movie  _12 Angry Men_. He also starred as General Denton in the 1967 war movie _The Dirty Dozen_.

Webber died from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at the age of 64 in Malibu, California on May 19, 1989.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robert Webber
- **image**: Robert-webber-trailer.jpg
- **caption**: Robert Webber in _The Silencers_ trailer (1966)
- **birth name**: Robert Laman Webber
- **birth place**: Santa Ana, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Malibu, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1950–1989
- **spouse**: Miranda "Sammy" Jones (1953–1958; divorced)
Del Mertens (1972–1989; his death)
A2 road (England)

The **A2** is an important road in South East England. It goes between London and Dover. In Dover, it connects to the port to France. The road follows tracks used by the Celts and the Romans over a thousand years ago. It once linked to the three main Roman ports: Rutupiae (now Richborough), Dubris (now Dover) and Portus Lemanis (in modern Lympne). It was given the name "A2" in the 1920s. Now, the road is about  long.

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: GBR
- **type**: A
- **route**: 2
- **length mi**: 71.95
- **map**:
- **map custom**: yes
- **image**: A2M25A282.jpg
- **image notes**: A2 heading west towards the M25 motorway, M25/Dartford Crossing, A282
- **direction a**: North west
- **terminus a**: Southwark

- **junction**:

- **direction b**: South east
- **terminus b**: Dover

- **destinations**: Dartford, Rochester, Kent, Rochester, Faversham, Canterbury
The Hunters (1996 movie)

***The Hunters*** () is a 1996 Swedish thriller movie directed by Kjell Sundvall and starring Rolf Lassgård, Lennart Jähkel, Jarmo Mäkinen, Tomas Norström, Göran Forsmark, and Rolf Degerlund. The sequel was followed in 2011.
HUMINT

**HUMINT** (an abbreviation of **Human Intelligence**) is intelligence information got from personal contacts. It is a term used in the spy community of the NATO countries.

## Sources

Sources may be neutral, friendly, or hostile. They may or may not know they are giving information. Examples of HUMINT sources are:
- Advisors or foreign internal defence personnel working with the host nation forces or populations;
- Diplomatic reporting by accredited diplomats (e.g. military attachés);
- Espionage: secret reporting, using agents, couriers, cutouts;
- Military attachés: getting information is their job;
- Non-governmental organizations (NGOs);
- Prisoners of war (POWs) or other detainees;
- Refugees;
- Routine patrolling (by military police,  etc);
- Talking to travellers  (e.g. the CIA Domestic Contact Service).
About Us (movie)

***About Us*** () is a 2016 Costa Rican American drama movie directed by Hernán Jiménez (who also stars) and starring Noelia Castaño, Marina Glezer.