Ivan the Terrible

**Ivan IV Vasilyevich** (25 August 1530 – 28 March 1584), more often known in English as **Ivan the Terrible**, was the first Tsar (Emperor) of Russia. He was the Grand Prince of Moscow before that. He was called Ivan the Terrible because then the word _terrible_ meant "formidable" or "fearsome", rather than"extremely bad". This comes from his Russian nickname _Ivan Grozny_, which also means "Ivan the Formidable".

## Life

Ivan became the Grand Prince of Moscow when he was just three years old. When he was young, a group of Russian nobles ran the country in his place. In those days, Russia was divided into many kingdoms like Moscow. At the age of 16, Ivan and his government changed his title to Tsar of all Russia. Over the next few years, Ivan took full control of the government and conquered lands to the east of the Tatars. He began turning Russia from a divided group of kingdoms into an empire with one powerful ruler, at the cost of many lives. He died in 1584 at age of 54, nevertheless, he remains the longest ruling Russian leader in Russian History.

## Wars

In 1558-63, Russia fought countries to the west in the Livonian War. They lost lands around the Baltic Sea to the west, but the war gave Ivan more control over his own country. Ivan was harsh towards the Russian nobles (known as the _boyars_). He executed many and took lands from others in order to make himself more powerful. This was known as the _oprichnina_, and it was done by his private army called the _Oprichniks_. In 1570 Ivan and the Oprichniks also killed many people in Novgorod, a city he believed was not lozal to him. Later in his reign, Russia had battles with the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) and Tatars and conquered more lands to the east, including Siberia. Ivan also increased trade with England and set up Russia's first printing press.

Ivan was known to become furious at times. His behaviour seems to have varied, as he could at times be intelligent and quiet. His mental health became worse in the second half of his reign, especially after the death of his first wife Anastasia in 1560. It is believed that during one of his rages he caused the death of his son and heir Ivan as well as the same son's unborn son. His other son Feodor would be the next Tsar. Feodor was a "weak" ruler, and this led to a war called the Time of Troubles.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Ivan IV
- **image**: Ivan grozny frame.jpg
- **succession1**: List of Tsars of Russia, Tsar of Russia
- **reign1**: 16 January 1547 – 28 March 1584
<small>Except in 1575-76 when Ivan let Simeon Bekbulatovich was the Tsar instead, but Ivan still held de facto power.</small>
- **coronation1**: 16 January 1547
- **predecessor1**: _Monarchy created_
- **successor1**: Feodor I of Russia, Feodor I
- **succession2**: Grand Prince of Moscow
- **reign2**: 3 December 1533 – 16 January 1547
- **predecessor2**: Vasili III of Russia, Vasili III
- **successor2**: _Himself as Tsar of Russia_
- **house**: Rurik dynasty
- **father**: Vasili III of Russia
- **mother**: Elena Glinskaya
- **spouse-type**: Wives
- **issue-type**: Children
- **birth date**: 25 August 1530
- **birth place**: Kolomenskoye, Grand Duchy of Moscow (now Russia)
- **death date**: 28 March 1584 (aged 53)
- **death place**: Moscow, Russia
- **religion**: Russian Orthodox Church