juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jarya

**Jarya** is the name for a certain type of enslaved women and slave girls in the Islamic world of the Middle Ages. Other names include  **jariyah** and **jawaris.** They were "Slaves for pleasure" (muṭʿa, ladhdha) or slave girls for sexual intercourse (jawārī al-waṭ). They had received an artistic education. Unlike the Qiyan, they usually did not perform outside the harem of their master.

Usually, Jarya were bought on the slave market, or they were captured in a war as a form of booty. They are mainly known because they were able to entertain a man with their artistic skills or their knowledge, rather than  sexuality and physical beauty.

Royal harems often employed  many jawaris, who acted as the entertainers of the royal harem and who were not necessarily the concubines of the ruler. The Abbasid harem had thousands of jawaris as well as concubines. The harems of many other Islamic rulers, did the same,  such as the harems of the Caliphate of Cordoba and the Fatimid Caliphate.

In the  9th-century, writer Al-Jahiz described the sexual harem slaves. He also said that with their artistic skills they had a destructive influence over their owners. According to him, these skills created a web of dependent feelings such as love (hub), passion (hawa) affinity (mushakala) and a wish for continued companionship (ilf).
Nothing Else Matters

"**Nothing Else Matters**" is a power ballad by American heavy metal band Metallica. It was released on April 20, 1992 as the third single off their self-titled fifth album.

The song was able to make it to #11 on the Mainstream Rock and #34 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 charts. It was also certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

When he wrote the song, James Hetfield didn't want to show it to the band at first. Hetfield said in an interview with _Metal Hammer_: "I thought that Metallica could only be the four of us. These are songs about destroying things, head banging, bleeding for the crowd, whatever it is, as long as it wasn't about chicks and fast cars, even though that's what we liked. The song was about a girlfriend at the time. It turned out to be a pretty big song."

A music video for the song was released. In the video, the band is recording the song in a studio. Footage of the band doing different things like shooting a basketball, donating money to a disabled veteran and choosing album artwork are shown.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Nothing Else Matters
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Metallica
- **album**: Metallica (album), Metallica
- **b-side**: *"Enter Sandman" (live)
*"Harvester of Sorrow" (live)
*"Nothing Else Matters" (demo)
- **recorded**: May 30, 1991
- **studio**: One on One, North Hollywood, California
- **genre**: Soft rock
- **length**: 6:28
- **label**: Elektra Records, Elektra
- **composer**: *James Hetfield
*Lars Ulrich
- **lyricist**: James Hetfield
- **producer**: *Bob Rock
*James Hetfield
*Lars Ulrich
- **prev title**: The Unforgiven (song), The Unforgiven
- **prev year**: 1991
- **next title**: Wherever I May Roam
- **next year**: 1992
Albert Wesker

**Albert Wesker** is a main antagonist fictional character in the Resident Evil franchise.
Gunship

A **gunship** (not to be confused with a gunboat) is a military aircraft armed with heavy aircraft guns, primarily intended for attacking ground targets either as airstrike or as close air support.

In modern usage the term "gunship" refers to fixed-wing aircraft having laterally-mounted heavy armaments (i.e. firing to the side) to attack ground or sea targets.  The term "gunship" originated in the mid-19th century as a synonym for gunboat and also referred to the heavily armed ironclad steamships used during the American Civil War.

The term **helicopter gunship** is commonly used to describe armed helicopters.

### Attack aircraft

During World War II, the urgent need for hard-hitting attack aircraft led to the development of the heavily armed gunship versions of the North American B-25 Mitchell.

### Fixed-wing aircraft

In the more modern, post-World War II fixed-wing aircraft category, a gunship is an aircraft having laterally-mounted heavy armaments (i.e. firing to the side) to attack ground or sea targets.

The Douglas AC-47 Spooky was the first notable modern gunship.
Pinch Me

"**Pinch Me**" is a 2000 song by Barenaked Ladies and is the leading single from their fifth studio album _Maroon_. It went to number 15 in the United States, number 41 in New Zealand and number 4 in Canada. It was their final top 40 single in the United States

## Track listings

**US CD single**
1. "Pinch Me" (radio edit)
1. "Powder Blue"

**US 7-inch single**
1. "Pinch Me" (radio edit) – 3:48
1. "Falling for the First Time" (album version) – 3:40

**European and Australian CD single**
1. "Pinch Me"
1. "Pinch Me" (radio edit)
1. "Inline Bowline"
1. "Born Human"

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Pinch Me
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Barenaked Ladies
- **album**: Maroon (Barenaked Ladies album), Maroon
- **b-side**: * "Powder Blue"
* "Falling for the First Time"
- **length**: * 4:45 (album version)
* 4:37 (radio edit  fade)
* 3:49 (radio edit  fade)
- **label**: Reprise Records, Reprise
- **writer**: * Steven Page
* Ed Robertson
- **producer**: Don Was
- **prev title**: Alcohol (Barenaked Ladies song), Alcohol
- **prev year**: 1999
- **next title**: Too Little Too Late (Barenaked Ladies song), Too Little Too Late
- **next year**: 2001
Kafkania pebble

The **Kafkania pebble** is a pebble, small in size, and round in shape, found on 1 April 1994, near a river in Kafkania, north of Olympia. The pebble contains some Mycenaean Greek words, including a image of a labrys. The text and image on the pebble is suggested to have come from the 17th century BC. If the pebble is truly a ancient artifact, it would have been the earliest writing to come from Greece, and by far the earliest document written in Mycenaean Greek. However, it is most likely a modern-day hoax.

## Inscription

There is an short inscription consisting of three words written on the pebble, probably reading as:

On the other side of the pebble, there is a image of a labrys.

Some believe that the inscription is written in Mycenaean Greek, but it is disputed.

G. Owens suggested that the inscription is written in Minoan, rather than Mycenaean Greek. Then, a Minoan could have written the text for a Mycenaean. No evidence exists that the Mycenaeans wrote text before the 14th century BC.
When a Blind Man Cries

"**When a Blind Man Cries**" is a 1972 song by British rock band Deep Purple and was originally released as a B-side to the single _Never Before_. It was recorded during the sessions to their sixth studio album _Machine Head_ in 1971. It has been covered by Bon Jovi and Metallica for their album _Re-Machined: A Tribute to Deep Purple's Machine Head_.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: When a Blind Man Cries
- **caption**: Cover of the 1972 German single
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Deep Purple
- **a-side**: Never Before (song), Never Before
- **released**: 17 March 1972
- **recorded**: 6–21 December 1971
Montreux, Switzerland
- **genre**: Blues rock
- **length**: 3:32
- **label**: EMI <small>(United Kingdom, U.K.)</small>
Warner Records, Warner Bros. <small>(United States, U.S.)</small>
- **writer**: Ritchie Blackmore, Ian Gillan, Roger Glover, Jon Lord, Ian Paice
- **producer**: Deep Purple
- **prev title**: Strange Kind of Woman
- **prev year**: 1971
- **title**: Never Before (song), Never Before
- **title2**: When a Blind Man Cries
- **next title**: Smoke on the Water
- **next year**: 1973
Siege of Lisbon (1142)

The **siege of Lisbon** (Portuguese: _Cerco de Lisboa_), was a short-lived blockade undertaken by Anglo-Norman crusaders. The siege began in the summer of 1142. Shortly after the siege began, Anglo-Norman crusaders realized that it would not last long, because they were few in number.  They then destroyed the outskirts of the city Lisbon, before abandoning it until 1147, when they returned with more people for battle.
Katri Suutari

**Katri Suutari** is an archer from Finland. She was born on 8 April 1976. Suutari competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Katri Suutari
- **nationality**: Finnish
- **sport**: Archery
- **birth place**: Kouvola, Finland
Markku Syrjälä

**Markku Syrjälä** (12 May 1955 – 11 October 2023) was a Finnish archer. Syrjälä competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Markku Syrjälä
- **nationality**: Finnish
- **sport**: Archery
- **birth place**: Kurikka, Finland
Tommi Tuovila

**Tommi Tuovila** is an archer from Finland. He was born on 8 July 1971. Tuovila competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Tommi Tuovila
- **nationality**: Finnish
- **sport**: Archery
- **birth place**: Kuusamo, Finland
Antti Vikström

**Antti Vikström** is an archer from Finland. He was born on 15 January 1993. Vikström competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Antti Vikström
- **nationality**: Finnish
- **sport**: Archery
All Out (2023)

**All Out (2023)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by All Elite Wrestling (AEW). It took place on September 3, 2023 at United Center in Chicago, Illinois. It was the fifth All Out event held by AEW.

The main event saw Jon Moxley defeat Orange Cassidy to win the AEW International Championship. Moxley ended up hitting Cassidy with the Death Rider and getting the pinfall victory.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|"Hangman" Adam Page won by last eliminating Brian Cage|Over Budget Charity Battle Royale|13:15||||||
|Hikaru Shida, Willow Nightingale, and Skye Blue defeated Athena, Mercedes Martinez, and Diamante (with Billie Starkz)|Six-woman tag team match|8:30||||||
|The Acclaimed (Anthony Bowens and Max Caster) and Billy Gunn (c) (with Dennis Rodman) defeated Jeff Jarrett, Satnam Singh, and Jay Lethal (with Sonjay Dutt and Karen Jarrett)|Six-man tag team match for the AEW World Trios Championship|6:00||||||
|Better Than You Bay Bay (Adam Cole and MJF) (c) defeated The Dark Order (Alex Reynolds and John Silver) (with Evil Uno)|Tag team match for the ROH World Tag Team Championship|14:05||||||
|Samoa Joe (c) defeated Shane Taylor|Singles match for the ROH World Television Championship|6:25||||||
|Luchasaurus (c) (with Christian Cage) defeated  Darby Allin (with Nick Wayne)|Singles match for the AEW TNT Championship|12:20||||||
|Miro defeated Powerhouse Hobbs|Singles match|15:40||||||
|Kris Statlander (c) defeated Ruby Soho (with Saraya)|Singles match for the AEW TBS Championship|12:25||||||
|Bryan Danielson defeated Ricky Starks|No disqualification strap match|16:40||||||
|Blackpool Combat Club (Claudio Castagnoli and Wheeler Yuta) defeated Eddie Kingston and Katsuyori Shibata|Tag team match|15:55||||||
|Konosuke Takeshita (with Don Callis) defeated Kenny Omega|Singles match|22:30||||||
|Bullet Club Gold (Austin Gunn, Colten Gunn, Jay White, and Juice Robinson) defeated FTR (Cash Wheeler and Dax Harwood) and The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson)|Eight-man tag team match|21:35||||||
|Jon Moxley defeated Orange Cassidy (c)|Singles match for the AEW International Championship|19:50||||||
|colspan="4" align=center||||||||

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: All Out (2023)
- **promotion**: All Elite Wrestling
- **date**: August 27, 2023
- **venue**: United Center
- **city**: Chicago, Illinois
- **lastevent**: All In (2023)
- **nextevent**: WrestleDream (2023)
- **event**: AEW All Out, All Out
- **lastevent2**: All Out (2022)
- **nextevent2**: All Out (2024)
Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory

**Cattell–Horn–Carroll** theory (**CHC**) is a science model that tells about how intelligence works. It was made by three psychologists. These psychologists are Raymond B. Cattell, John L. Horn and John B. Carroll. They used factor analysis to discover it.

CHC theory says that there are relationships or levels of cognitive abilities. _g_, or "general intelligence," is the most stable of any level. It predicts the best. Next, there are "broad abilities." These are things like how much knowledge you have, or your ability to reason. Both _g_  and these broad abilities are measured by individual tests.
Angel of the Morning

"**Angel of the Morning**" is a 1967 song written by Chip Taylor and was originally recorded by Evie Sands and first charted by Merrilee Rush. It went to number 1 in Canada and number 7 in the United States. In 1981 it was covered by Juice Newton for her sixth studio album _Juice_. It went to number 4 in the United States and Switzerland, number 1 in Canada and number 5 in New Zealand.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Angel of the Morning
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Evie Sands
- **b-side**: "Dear John"
- **released**: 1967
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **label**: Cameo Records, Cameo
- **writer**: Chip Taylor
- **producer**: Chip Taylor and Al Gorgoni
- **chronology**: Evie Sands
- **prev title**: The Love of a Boy
- **prev year**: 1966
- **next title**: Billy Sunshine
- **next year**: 1967


## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Angel of the Morning
- **caption**: A-side label of U.S. single
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Merrilee Rush, Merrilee Rush & the Turnabouts
- **album**: Angel of the Morning
- **b-side**: "Reap What You Sow"
- **released**: February 7, 1968
- **recorded**: January 1968
- **studio**: American Sound Studios, Memphis
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, Country music, country
- **label**: Bell Records, Bell
- **writer**: Chip Taylor
- **producer**: Tommy Cogbill and Chips Moman
- **chronology**: Merrilee Rush
- **prev title**: How's the Weather on Your Street
- **prev year**: 1967
- **next title**: That Kind of Woman
- **next year**: 1968
Jawan (movie)

***Jawan*** () is an Indian Hindi , Tamil, Telugu language action thriller movie. Atlee Kumar made his Hindi movie debut by writing and directing this movie. It is produced by Gauri Khan and Gaurav Verma under Red Chillies Entertainment. It stars Shah Rukh Khan in a multiple roles, along with Vijay Sethupathi, Nayanthara and Sanya Malhotra in lead roles. The music of the movie is composed by Anirudh Ravichander.

## Release

_Jawan_ was released worldwide on 7 September 2023 in various languages such as Hindi, Tamil and Telugu languages. It became the first Indian movie to be release at the world's largest movie theater IMAX Leonberg. _Jawan_ premiered on over 10,000 screens worldwide, highest for a Hindi film and one of the highest for an Indian film. The film will be streaming on  netflix premier on 2 November 2023. Jawan received highly positive reviews upon it's release praised shah rukh Khan,Nayanthara for their performance.

## Other websites

- Jawan Review at Shikipedia

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Jawan
- **director**: Atlee
- **producer**: Gauri Khan
Gaurav Verma
- **screenplay**: Atlee
S.Ramanagirivasan
- **story**: Atlee
Sumit Arora
- **starring**: Shahrukh Khan
Nayanthara
Vijay Sethupathi
- **music**: Anirudh Ravichander
- **cinematography**: G. K. Vishnu
- **editing**: Ruben
- **studio**: Red Chillies Entertainment
- **distributor**: Pen Studios (North India)
Red Giant Movies (Tamil Nadu)
Cosmos Entertainment (Telangana)
Yash Raj Films (Overseas)
- **released**: 7 September 2023
- **runtime**: 169 minutes
- **country**: India
- **language**: Hindi
- **budget**: crore
Catch Me Outside

"**Catch Me Outside**" is the third single off of American rapper Ski Mask the Slump God's second mixtape _You Will Regret_. The song was released on June 13, 2017. The title of the song is a reference to an internet meme of Danielle Bregoli on _Dr. Phil_.

The song was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

The song is a freestyle rap over the beat of Missy Elliott's 1999 song "She's a Bitch". Elliott said that she was a fan of the song, saying "Oh he rode the heck out of this Fiyahthis my She's a Bith beat! Me & @Timbaland did this beat in 1999 & it still Bang! big up".

A music video for the song was released. It was directed by Cole Bennett. In the video, Ski is in Times Square carrying around a doll of Chucky from the _Child's Play_ movies. He smokes a joint, drinks lean out of a Sprite bottle, and hangs out with street performers dressed as the Statue of Liberty. He is also seen rapping to himself in a mirror and out of the window in the back of a car. _Rolling Stone_ ranked the video #137 on their list of The 150 Greatest Hip-Hop Videos of All Time. _Pitchfork_ also put the video on their list of their favorite music videos of the 2010s.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Catch Me Outside
- **artist**: Ski Mask the Slump God
- **album**: You Will Regret
- **released**: June 13, 2017
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop
- **length**: 2:25
- **label**: Victor Victor, Republic Records, Republic
- **writer**: Ski Mask the Slump God, Stokeley Goulbourne, Missy Elliott, Melissa Elliott, Timbaland, Timothy Mosley
- **producer**: Timbaland
Falling Down (Lil Peep and XXXTentacion song)

"**Falling Down**" is the first single off of American rapper Lil Peep's second and final studio album _Come Over When You're Sober, Pt. 2_. The song was released on September 19, 2018. American rapper XXXTentacion also appears on the song.

The song was able to make it to #13 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100, #35 on the Alternative Airplay, and #40 on the Rhythmic charts. It was also certified 3× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Since both rappers had died by then, the mothers of both Peep and X came together to accept the plaques.

The originally recorded song was called "Sunlight on Your Skin" and was by iLoveMakonnen and Lil Peep. The song was left unfinished because Peep ended up dying from a drug overdose on November 15, 2017. Rapper XXXTentacion heard the snippet and iLoveMakonnen let X record a verse to replace his. Some of Peep's friends like fellow GothBoiClique member Fish Narc and rapper Lil Tracy didn't like that X was included because of his legal history. Fish and Tracy later retracted their statements with Fish saying that it was "what [he] said in anger".

In the song, Peep raps about missing a girl and that things don't feel the same when she isn't around. Makonnen said that the name "Falling Down" was chosen because it was heavily pouring rain outside of the studio when they were recording the song in London.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Falling Down
- **artist**: Lil Peep and XXXTentacion
- **album**: Come Over When You're Sober, Pt. 2
- **released**: September 19, 2018
- **recorded**: 2017
- **genre**: Emo pop, alternative rock
- **length**: 3:18
- **label**: AUTNMY, Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: Lil Peep, Gustav Åhr, XXXTentacion, Jahseh Onfroy, iLoveMakonnen, Makonnen Sheran
- **producer**: The Invisible Men, IIVI, John Cunningham, Mike Will Made It (co-producer)
Queen of My Heart (Hank Williams Jr. song)

"**Queen of My Heart**" is a 1983 song by American country singer Hank Williams Jr. and is the leading single from his 36th studio album _Man of Steel_. It went to number 6 on the Canadian country charts and number 5 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Queen of My Heart
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Hank Williams Jr.
- **album**: Man of Steel (album), Man of Steel
- **b-side**: She Had Me
- **released**: November 1983
- **length**: 3:45
- **label**: Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros./Curb Records, Curb
- **writer**: Hank Williams Jr.
- **producer**: Jimmy Bowen, Hank Williams Jr.
- **prev title**: Leave Them Boys Alone
- **prev year**: 1983
- **next title**: The Conversation (Waylon Jennings and Hank Williams Jr. song), The Conversation
- **next year**: 1983
Noakhalian language

Noakhalian or Noakhailla is an eastern Indo-Aryan language, spoken in the Greater Noakhali, South Tripura and some other parts of Chittagong Division. Irish linguist Grierson classified this dialect in the _Southeastern Bengali_ group of dialects of Bengali language.
Many other linguists like Suniti Kumar Chatterji and Sukumar Sen classified this dialect under Vanga group of dialects of Bengali language. Linguist Dr. Muhammad Shahidulla placed this dialect under Prachya or eastern dialects of Bengali language.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Noakhali
- **nativename**: _Noakhailla_
- **altname**: নোয়াখাইল্লা
- **state**: Bangladesh & India
- **region**: Greater Noakhali, southern Tripura
- **date**: 2011
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian
- **fam3**: Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan
- **fam4**: Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, Eastern
- **fam5**: Bengali–Assamese languages, Bengali–Assamese
- **dialects**: Chatkhil Upazila, Chatkhili
- **script**: Bengali script
- **glotto**: noak1234
- **glottorefname**: Noakhali
- **map**: Noakhailla bibhag Chai.png
- **mapcaption**: Map of where Noakhali is spoken
- **iso3comment**: ( is proposed)
- **iso3**: none
Raorchestes huanglianshan

The **Huanglianshan bush frog** or **Huanglianshan shrub frog** (_Raorchestes huanglianshan_) is a frog.  It lives in China and Thailand.  The scientists found it on Mt. Huanglian, between 1600 and 1900 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is about 17.0-19.6 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 21.5 mm long.  The skin of the frog's back is brown-gray in color with orange marks on the top of its head and a darker brown mark on its back in the shape of the letter X. It has three brown spots under each eye. It has disks on its toes for climbing. The disks are orange in color.  Its belly is gray-white in color.

Scientists named this frog for Mt. Huanglian because they found it there.
Kayangel

**Kayangel** is the northernmost state of Palau. It consists of five settlements and is by area and population the country's second smallest state.
Coolie

**Coolie** is the name for a person who does unskilled work at a low wage. Typically these people were of Indian or Chinese descent. Today, it is a pejorative term, and should no longer be used.

The term was first used by European traders, in the 16th century. By the 18th century, the term referred to migrant workers from India. There was a system that resembled indentured servitude.
Sri Lankan Tamils

**Sri Lankan Tamils** (Tamil: இலங்கை தமிழர், ilankai tamiḻar or ஈழத் தமிழர், īḻat tamiḻar), also known as **Ceylon Tamils** or **Eelam Tamils**, are Tamils from the South Asian island country of Sri Lanka. Most Sri Lankan Tamils are living in the Northern Province and Eastern Province.
Sato Kilman

**Meltek Sato Kilman Livtuvanu** (born 30 December 1957) is a Vanuatuan politician. He was the Prime Minister of Vanuatu,  from 4 September 2023 to 6 October 2023.  Kilman was previously Prime Minister from December 2010 to April 2011 and from May to June 2011, though his premiership was subsequently annulled by a court of law, and again from June 2015 to February 2016.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sato Kilman
- **image**: Sato Kilman (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Vanuatu
- **president**: Nikenike Vurobaravu
- **term start**: 4 September 2023
- **term end**: 6 October 2023
- **predecessor**: Ishmael Kalsakau
- **successor**: Charlot Salwai
- **president1**: Baldwin Lonsdale
- **term start1**: 11 June 2015
- **term end1**: 11 February 2016
- **predecessor1**: Joe Natuman
- **successor1**: Charlot Salwai
- **president2**: Iolu Abil
- **term start2**: 26 June 2011
- **term end2**: 23 March 2013
- **predecessor2**: Edward Natapei
- **successor2**: Moana Carcasses Kalosil
- **president3**: Iolu Abil
- **term start3**: 13 May 2011
- **term end3**: 16 June 2011
- **predecessor3**: Serge Vohor
- **successor3**: Edward Natapei
- **president4**: Iolu Abil
- **term start4**: 2 December 2010
- **term end4**: 24 April 2011
- **predecessor4**: Edward Natapei
- **successor4**: Serge Vohor
- **birth place**: Malakula, New Hebrides <small>(present day Vanuatu)</small>
- **party**: People's Progressive Party (Vanuatu), People's Progressive Party
Sri Lankan Moors

**Sri Lankan Moors** are the third largest group in Sri Lanka. They are 9.23% of the population. Almost all of them follow Islam and speak Tamil as their mother tongue. They are thought to be from Arab traders who came to Sri Lanka between the 700 and 1400. Many Arabic words are mixed in their dialect, the way they talk.
Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka

**Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka** are Tamil people from India living in Sri Lanka. They are also known as **Malayaga Tamilar**, **Hill Country Tamils**, **Up-Country Tamils** or **Indian Tamils**. They come from the workers sent from Southern India to Sri Lanka in the 19th and 20th centuries to work in coffee, tea and rubber plantations by British people. Some also came to Sri Lanka on their own as business people. These Tamil people mostly live in the middle part of Sri Lanka, also known as the Malayakam or Hill Country and in the Northern Province. Most Indian Tamil people who are living in Hill Country are children from the lower working castes of South India.
Sri Lankan English

**Sri Lankan English (SLE)** is the English language dialect, or different type of English that is used in Sri Lanka. Not many people like Sri Lankan English being called a dialect of English. English in Sri Lanka is used by one quarter of Sri Lanka's population. Sri Lankan English is the mother-tongue language for 5,000 people.

## Sri Lankan words in English

Some English words are taken from Sinhalese. A list of these words is in: _A Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon in the East Indies_. The words are about flora, different types of plants, and fauna, different types of animals:

- anaconda
- betel
- rattan
- wanderoo
Anaconda (disambiguation)

An **anaconda** is a large, non-venomous snake found in tropical South America.

**Anaconda** may also refer to:

- "Anaconda" (song), a 2014 song by Nicki Minaj
- _Anaconda_ (movie), a 1997 American horror movie
- Anaconda (installer), an installer program for the Red Hat Linux and Fedora operating systems
- Anaconda Plan, an strategy for controlling the South in the American Civil War
- Anaconda, British Columbia, a ghost town in Canada
- Anaconda, Missouri, an unincorporated community in the US
- Anaconda, Montana, a small community in the US
- Anaconda, New Mexico, a mining community in the US
Burgher people

The **Burghers** are a mixed small group of Eurasian people in Sri Lanka created by the mixed marriage of local women with Portuguese, Dutch_,_ British and other European men who came to Sri Lanka. Most of the Burghers are found in Sri Lanka. Today, even though their mother tongue is English or other European languages, they also speak many local languages. Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole is one of the most common languages they speak.
Sri Lankan Malays

**Sri Lankan Malays** are the Malay or southeast Asian people living in Sri Lanka. They are Sri Lankan citizens from Indonesia, Malaysia, or Singapore. Also people from Brunei and the Philippines are called Malays in Sri Lanka. The 2011 Census said that the population of Sri Lankan Malays is 40,000 people. They came to Sri Lanka during 1796-1948 when both countries came to control of the British Empire.
Chinese people in Sri Lanka

**Chinese people in Sri Lanka** or **Sri Lankan Chinese** (; ), are Sri Lankan citizens who came from China and are born or living in Sri Lanka. Most Sri Lankan Chinese people are Hakka and Cantonese people from the southern sea areas of China. Others are Han people from Hubei and Shandong who came to Sri Lanka in 1600-1800.

It is common for Sri Lankan Chinese people to marry Sinhalese people so many have a little bit of Sinhalese ancestry.Approximately 80% of Sri Lankan Chinese live in Colombo, the capital city.
Buddhism in Sri Lanka

Theravada Buddhism is the main, or official religion in Sri Lanka. Based on the 2012 Census, 14,222,844, or 70.2% of people practice Buddhism. People who practice **Sri Lankan Buddhism** is mostly the Sinhalese population.

Sri Lanka Constitution Article 9 says that Buddhism is the main religion in Sri Lanka. This is because people who practice it wanted Buddhism to have a high position like before colonisation. Buddhism has been inside Sri Lanka for thousands of years.
Islam in Sri Lanka

**Islam** is practiced by 9.7% of people in Sri Lanka . Based on the 2012 census, 1,967,227 people practice Islam. The Muslim community consists of four groups which are Sri Lankan Moors, Indian Muslim and Malay people. Each group has its own culture, their way of living and praying. Most Sri Lankan Muslim people talk in Tamil language.
Christianity in Sri Lanka

**Christianity** is a small religion in Sri Lanka. People think that Christianity came to Sri Lanka, which is close to India, when Christianity came to India in 52 AD.  Christian traders came to in Sri Lanka in 500AD and created a church. Roman Catholicism came to Sri Lanka by the Portuguese in 1505. People were converted by the Dutch people in the 17th century. Christians increased by 10% of the population. This number has fallen after Dutch people left. Christians in Sri Lanka are from Tamil, Sinhalese and Parangi groups.
Constitution of Sri Lanka

The **Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka** (, ) is the constitution of Sri Lanka after its first public use by National State Assembly of Sri Lanka since 7 September 1978. It has been properly changed 21 times.

It is Sri Lanka's second constitution since turning into a Republic and third constitution since independence from the United Kingdom.
Robert Hale (bass-baritone)

**Robert Hale** (August 22, 1938 – August 23, 2023) was an American opera singer and a bass-baritone, who at first spent a decade as a leading baritone at the New York City Opera. With Beverly Sills, he mostly performed in Mozart operas and in the revival of belcanto opera such as Donizetti's _Lucia di Lammermoor_.

He then shifted to more difficult roles, performing the title role of Wagner's _Der fliegende Holländer_ first in 1978 at the Opernhaus Wuppertal, Germany. After his success there, people wanted him to perform the role at leading opera houses in Europe and the United States. He went further and tackled the role of Wotan in Wagner's _Ring_ cycle, which he first performed in Wiesbaden in 1984, then at the Deutsche Oper Berlin in 1986. It became his signature role, performed and recorded worldwide, and he regarded the Berlin company as his artistic home for almost two decades. He died on August 23, 2023, a day after his 85th birthday.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robert Hale
- **birth place**: Kerrville, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: California
- **occupation**: Operatic bass-baritone
2000 Sri Lanka cyclone

The **2000 Sri Lanka cyclone** (IMD designation: ***BOB 06*** JTWC designation: ***04B***) was the strongest tropical cyclone to hit Sri Lanka since 1978. It is the fourth tropical storm and the second very dangerous storm in the 2000 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It formed from an area of disturbed weather in the Bay of Bengal on December 25, 2000. It moved west, and quickly became very strong under conditions that were liked by the cyclone. It got to a top wind speed of . The cyclone hit east Sri Lanka at the highest strength, then became weak slightly while crossing the island. It ended in on 28 December. The storm closed into a low stage later, before  joining with a trough on the next day.
Ministry of Education (Sri Lanka)

The **Ministry of Education** (; ) is a ministry, or a high-level part of the Government of Sri Lanka that directs the creation and use of rules related to primary, secondary, and higher education in Sri Lanka.
Ministry of Education

An **education ministry** is a national or part of the government that directs education in a country. Many other names are commonly used to name these types of ministries, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Public Education, and the leader of this type of group can be a minister of education or secretary of education. These groups take care of problems in educating children in a country like the quality of schools.
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

**The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation** (BIMSTEC) is an international organization with seven member countries in South Asia and South East Asia. The member countries of this organization are Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal and Bhutan. All these are countries are around the Bay of Bengal.

## Lead

Each country leads the organization for two years in alphabetical order. It started with Bangladesh in 1997-1999.

## Member countries

|Country Name|Headship|Chief Executive Officer|Government leadership|population (  )|Domestic production (nominal)|World Bank|South Asian Association|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Prime Minister|Zeke Hasina, Prime Minister of Bengal|Abdul Hameed, President of the Republic of Bengal||$285.8 billion|✔|✔|
||Prime Minister|Tasso Tsering Wanchuk, Prime Minister of Bhutan|Jigmi Kesar Namjil Wangchuck, King of Bhutan||$2.2 billion|✔|✔|
||Prime Minister|Narendra Modi , Prime Minister of India|Ram Nath Kovind, President of the Republic||$2308.0 bn|✔|✔|
||Chairman|colspan="2"|Win Myint, President of Myanmar||$68.277 billion|✔|✖|
||Prime Minister|Khadka Prasad Oli, Prime Minister of Nepal|Pitya Devi Bhandari, President of Nepal||$74.020 bn|✔|✔|
||President of the Republic|Ranil Vikram Singh, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka|Maithripala Sirisena, President of Sri Lanka||$80.4 billion|✔|✔|
||Prime Minister|Prayuth Chan-o-cha, Prime Minister of Thailand|King Vajiralongkorn (Tenth Rama), King of Thailand||$409.724 billion|✔|✖|
FC Libertas Wien

**FC Libertas Wien** (Latin for freedom) was an Austrian football club from Ottakring, a district of Vienna. From 1932 to 1937 he played for a total of five seasons in the first division.

## History

Libertas was founded in 1914 by some high school students. Among them were Josef Gerö, later ÖFB President, UEFA Vice President and Minister of Justice, and Karl Zankl, later WFV President. The rapid-enthusiastic students chose green and white as the colors of their club. The club played  in the lower Viennese leagues for several years. A brief merger in 1922 with the Josefstädter Sportfreunde broke up, until 1928 the club did not get beyond the third class. Nevertheless, the club produced two later internationally very successful players in Josef Horejs and Walter Nausch, who were able to win the Mitropapokal with Sparta Prague and FK Austria Wien.

In 1927 the club merged with the second-rate SC International Vienna to form the International Libertas. The  club appeared as FC Libertas Vienna from the following season in 1928/29. They reached the 2nd division championship in 1931/32 and were promoted to the 1st division. The first game in Austria's highest division took place in front of 16,000 spectators on 27 August  1932 against Rapid and ended 0-0. Libertas played the first few years against relegation. Since the Libertas sports field was too small for the 1st league, the club first played at Dornbacher Sport-Club-Platz and later at  Wacker Wien Schönbrunner Platz.

The 1934/35 season was the highlight of the club's history, and the club finished fifth behind Rapid, Vienna, Admira and Wacker. In 1936  the club was able to reach to the semi-finals of the ÖFB Cup. In 1937, due to the reduction of the league to ten clubs, the club was relegated. The outbreak of the Second World War meant that the Libertas merged with the district rivals SC Red Star Vienna in 1941 in order to be able to guarantee further game operations. This ended the history of the only Ottakringer first division club since there was no reactivation after the end of the war.
What'd I Say

"**What'd I Say**" is a 1959 song by Ray Charles and is the title track to his fifth studio album _What'd I Say_. It was one of his first soul tracks and broke into mainstream pop music with this track. It has been covered by Jerry Lee Lewis, Cliff Richard and Elvis Presley as a B-side to his hit single _Viva Las Vegas_.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: What'd I Say
- **alt**: Head and shoulders shot of Ray Charles next to a microphone, his sunglasses reflecting his hands on piano keys and the shadow of the microphone cast on his face
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Ray Charles
- **album**: What'd I Say (album), What'd I Say
- **b-side**: What'd I Say, Pt. 2
- **released**: June 1959
- **recorded**: February 18, 1959
- **length**: 5:10 (Album)
 3:05 (Part 1)
 1:59 (Part 2)
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **writer**: Ray Charles
- **producer**: Jerry Wexler
- **prev title**: Night Time Is the Right Time
- **prev year**: 1959
- **next title**: I'm Movin' On (Hank Snow song), I'm Moving On
- **next year**: 1959
Ludwig Brousek

**Ludwig Brousek** (20 March 1908 – 14 August   1974) was an Austrian football player. He played mainly for FC Libertas Wien. He also played one match for the Austrian national football team.

## Career

Ludwig Brousek began his career with the first division club SpC Rudolfshügel. After the club played in the VAFÖ, he moved to SC Altmannsdorf in the second division. After one season he went to  BAC. They were sent up to the 1st league without losing a single game. They were sent back down in the following season and Brousek went to  FC Libertas Vienna.

With Libertas, Ludwig Brousek found a club with which he could play in the first division for a long time and also got along well with his right wing partner Josef Lebeda. They played together with club colleague Rudolf Schlauf in the international match on 6 October 1935 against Poland in Warsaw. Ludwig Brousek stayed with the club in the highest Austrian league until 1937. In early 1938 he moved to SV Wienerberg, where he played until 1944.
Electoral districts of Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico uses electoral districts () for elections to both houses of the Legislative Assembly: the House of Representatives (the lower house) and the Senate (the upper house).

Puerto Rico also has an at-large congressional district that elects a Resident Commissioner to the United States House of Representatives, though the Resident Commissioner is a non-voting delegate.

### House of Representatives

- Puerto Rico's at-large congressional district
Puerto Rico representative districts

The House of Representatives of Puerto Rico has 40 single-memref representative districts (). They elect 40 of the 51 members of the House of Representatives, with the other 11 being elected at-large.

The boundaries of each district are changed every 10 years.

## List

|District|Municipalities/Barrios|Population|
| --- | --- | --- |
|*Old San Juan *Santurce *some regions of Hato Rey|align=center||
|*most of Hato Rey|align=center||
|*Río Piedras *Sabana Llana, San Juan|align=center||
|* most of Cupey, San Juan|align=center||
|*some of Cupey, San Juan *some of Guaynabo *Aguas Buenas|align=center||
|*some of Guaynabo *Cataño|align=center||
|*some of Bayamón|align=center||
|*some of Bayamón|align=center||
|*some of Bayamón *Toa Alta|align=center||
|*Toa Baja|align=center||
|*Dorado *some of Vega Alta *some of Vega Baja|align=center||
|*some of Vega Alta *some of Vega Baja *some of Manatí *Morovis|align=center||
|*some of Manatí *Barceloneta *Ciales *Florida *some of Arecibo|align=center||
|*most of Arecibo *some of Hatillo|align=center||
|*some of Hatillo *Camuy *Quebradillas|align=center||
|*Isabela *San Sebastián *Las Marías|align=center||
|*most of Moca *Aguadilla|align=center||
|*some of Moca *Aguada *Rincón *Añasco *some of Mayagüez|align=center||
|*most of Mayagüez *some of San Germán|align=center||
|*some of San Germán *Hormigueros *Cabo Rojo|align=center||
|*Lajas *Maricao *Sabana Grande *Guánica *some of Yauco|align=center||
|*Lares *Adjuntas *Utuado *some of Jayuya|align=center||
|*some of Yauco *Guayanilla *Peñuelas *some of Ponce|align=center||
|*some of Ponce|align=center||
|*most of Ponce *some of Jayuya *some of Juana Díaz|align=center||
|*Villalba *some of Coamo *Orocovis *some of Barranquitas|align=center||
|*some of Juana Díaz *some of Coamo *Santa Isabel *Aibonito *some of Salinas|align=center||
|*some of Barranquitas *Corozal *Naranjito *Comerío|align=center||
|*Cidra *Cayey|align=center||
|*some of Salinas *Guayama *Arroyo|align=center||
|*some of Caguas *Gurabo|align=center||
|*most of Caguas|align=center||
|*some of San Lorenzo *Juncos *some of Las Piedras|align=center||
|*most of San Lorenzo *Patillas *Maunabo *Yabucoa|align=center||
|*some of Las Piedras *Naguabo *Humacao|align=center||
|*some of Río Grande *Luquillo *Fajardo *Ceiba *Vieques *Culebra|align=center||
|*most of Río Grande *Loíza *some of Canóvanas|align=center||
|*some of Canóvanas *some of Carolina *some of Trujillo Alto|align=center||
|*some of Carolina *some of Trujillo Alto|align=center||
|*most of Carolina|align=center||
Puerto Rico senatorial districts

The Senate of Puerto Rico has eight **senatorial districts** (). They elect 16 of the 27 Senators (with the others being elected at-large).

## List

|District|Municipalities/Barrios|Population|
| --- | --- | --- |
|*San Juan *Aguas Buenas *some regions of Guaynabo|align=center|462,035|
|*Bayamón *Cataño *some regions of Guaynabo *Toa Alta *Toa Baja|align=center|459,805|
|*Arecibo *Barceloneta *Camuy *Ciales *Dorado *Florida *Hatillo *Manatí *Morovis *Quebradillas *Vega Alta *Vega Baja|align=center|470,250|
|*Aguada *Aguadilla *Añasco *Cabo Rojo *Hormigueros *Isabela *Las Marías *Mayagüez *Moca *Rincón *San Germán *San Sebastián|align=center|478,194|
|*Adjuntas *Guánica *Guayanilla *Jayuya *some regions of Juana Díaz *Lajas *Lares *Maricao *Peñuelas *Ponce *Sabana Grande *Utuado *Yauco|align=center|464,962|
|*Aibonito *Arroyo *Barranquitas *Cayey *Cidra *Coamo *Comerío *Corozal *Guayama *some regions of Juana Díaz *Naranjito *Orocovis *Salinas *Santa Isabel *Villalba|align=center|462,202|
|*Caguas *Gurabo *Humacao *Juncos *Las Piedras *Maunabo *Naguabo *Patillas *San Lorenzo *Yabucoa|align=center|462,914|
|*Canóvanas *Carolina *Ceiba *Culebra *Fajardo *Loíza *Luquillo *Río Grande *Trujillo Alto *Vieques|align=center|465,427|
Puerto Rico Senatorial district I

**Puerto Rico Senatorial district I** is a senatorial district of Puerto Rico.

## Infobox (constituency)

- **name**: District I — San Juan
- **type**: Puerto Rico senatorial districts, Senatorial
- **image**: PRSenDist1.gif
- **caption**: Location in Puerto Rico
- **members**: 2
- **population**: 462,035
- **blank1 name**: Senators
Puerto Rico Senatorial district II

**Puerto Rico Senatorial district II** is a senatorial district of Puerto Rico.

## Infobox (constituency)

- **name**: District II — Bayamón
- **type**: Puerto Rico senatorial districts, Senatorial
- **image**: PRSenDist2.gif
- **caption**: Location in Puerto Rico
- **members**: 2
- **population**: 459,805
- **blank1 name**: Senators
Puerto Rico Senatorial district III

**Puerto Rico Senatorial district III** is a senatorial district of Puerto Rico.

## Infobox (constituency)

- **name**: District III — Arecibo
- **type**: Puerto Rico senatorial districts, Senatorial
- **image**: PRSenDist3.gif
- **caption**: Location in Puerto Rico
- **members**: 2
- **population**: 470,250
- **blank1 name**: Senators
Pentti Vikström

**Pentti Vikström** is an archer from Finland. He was born on 9 December 1951. Vikström competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Pentti Vikström
- **nationality**: Finnish
- **sport**: Archery
- **birth place**: Oulainen, Finland
Puerto Rico Senatorial district IV

**Puerto Rico Senatorial district IV** is a senatorial district of Puerto Rico.

## Infobox (constituency)

- **name**: District IV — Mayagüez-Aguadilla
- **type**: Puerto Rico senatorial districts, Senatorial
- **image**: PRSenDist4.gif
- **caption**: Location in Puerto Rico
- **members**: 2
- **population**: 478,194
- **blank1 name**: Senators
Puerto Rico Senatorial district V

**Puerto Rico Senatorial district V** is a senatorial district of Puerto Rico.

## Infobox (constituency)

- **name**: District V — Ponce
- **type**: Puerto Rico senatorial districts, Senatorial
- **image**: PRSenDist5.gif
- **caption**: Location in Puerto Rico
- **members**: 2
- **population**: 464,962
- **blank1 name**: Senators
Virginie Arnold

**Virginie Arnold** is a Frenche archer. She was born on 24 December 1979. Arnold competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Puerto Rico Senatorial district VI

**Puerto Rico Senatorial district VI** is a senatorial district of Puerto Rico.

## Infobox (constituency)

- **name**: District VI — Guayama
- **type**: Puerto Rico senatorial districts, Senatorial
- **image**: PRSenDist6.gif
- **caption**: Location in Puerto Rico
- **members**: 2
- **population**: 462,202
- **blank1 name**: Senators
Puerto Rico Senatorial district VII

**Puerto Rico Senatorial district VII** is a senatorial district of Puerto Rico.

## Infobox (constituency)

- **name**: District VII — Humacao
- **type**: Puerto Rico senatorial districts, Senatorial
- **image**: PRSenDist7.gif
- **caption**: Location in Puerto Rico
- **members**: 2
- **population**: 462,914
- **blank1 name**: Senators
Puerto Rico Senatorial district VIII

**Puerto Rico Senatorial district VIII** is a senatorial district of Puerto Rico.

## Infobox (constituency)

- **name**: District VIII — Carolina
- **type**: Puerto Rico senatorial districts, Senatorial
- **image**: PRSenDist8.gif
- **caption**: Location in Puerto Rico
- **members**: 2
- **population**: 465,427
- **blank1 name**: Senators
Charles Aubras

**Charles Aubras** was an archer from France. Aubras competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Charles Aubras
- **nationality**: French
- **sport**: Archery
Lisa Barbelin

**Lisa Barbelin** is an archer from France. She was born on 10 April 2000. Barbelin competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## Life

Lisa Barbelin was born 10 April 2000. She won the recurve event at the 2021 European Archery Championships. She also won at the 2022 European Indoor Archery Championships.

Barbelin has won several medals at the World Youth Archery Championships. She won bronze medals at the 2019 and 2022 Archery World Cup events.

In June 2021, she was ranked number one in the world.

Barbelin competed in the women's individual event at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2024 Summer Olympics. She won a bronze medal at the 2024 Games.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Lisa Barbelin
- **birth place**: Ley, Moselle, France
- **sport**: Archery
- **worlds**: 2021 World Archery Championships, 2021
- **regionals**: 2021 European Archery Championships, 2021
- **olympics**: 2020 Summer Olympics, 2020
- **show-medals**: y
Marie-Josée Bazin

**Marie-Josée Bazin** is an archer from France. She was born on 3 May 1952. Bazin competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Marie-Josée Bazin
- **nationality**: French
- **sport**: Archery
- **birth place**: Avignon, France
Mata mata

The **mata mata** (_Chelus fimbriata_), also known as the **matamata**, is a type of freshwater turtle that lives in South America. It is one of two species in the genus _Chelus_, the other being _Chelus orinocensis_.

## Description

The mata mata is a large turtle with a flat head that is shaped like a triangle. It has many tubercles. The shell looks like a piece of bark, and its head looks like a leaf.

## As pets

Mata mata turtles can be kept as pets. Mata matas, however, are not active hunters and like the alligator snapping turtle, they need less space than a large, active species.

## References

1. Giant fossil matamata turtles (matamatas part V) Archived 2011-10-11 at the Wayback Machine, Tetrapod Zoology
1. Matamata, _Chelus fimbriatus_, California Turtle & Tortoise Club