juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Flag of Castile and León

The **flag of Castile and León**() is the official flag of the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León. It consists of the quartered coats of arms of Castile, represented by a castle, and León, represented by a lion.

The flag has got four camps, up of red, a white, down of white and red quartering. It was adopted 4 May 2021.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Flag of Castle and León
- **image**: Flag of Castile and León.svg
- **proportion**: 2:4
Linnahall

**Linnahall** is an abandoned monument in Tallinn, Estonia. Linnahall has been used for recording of Tenet, which allowed the building to have people inside of it. Not all sections are available, but you can now be inside of the building in some parts of it.
Parish of Saint James Apostle, Tequixquiac

**Parish of Saint James Apostle** is a large Plateresque Catholic parish in Mexico and is found in Santiago Tequixquiac in Mexico (state).

## Priets

- Juan Pedro Juárez Meléndez
Russet potato

A russet potato is a type of potato that is large, with dark brown skin and few eyes. The flesh is white, dry, soft, and mealy, and it is suitable for baking, mashing, and french fries.
Ectopoglossus confusus

The **confusing rocket frog** or **confounding rocket frog** (_Ectopoglossus confusus_) is a frog.  It lives in Ecuador.

## Body

Scientists found one male frog. It was 21.7 mm long from nose to rear end and six female frogs were 23 - 26 mm long. The skin of the frog's back can look black or can look dark green, depending on the light.  It has light brown or bronze spots. There are stripes across the legs. There is some blue color on the front legs. The throat and belly are light blue in color. The iris of the eye is light bronze or green in color with a black pattern. The bottoms of the legs are gray-brown in color with some orange.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day. It lives near streams with clear water and rocks on hte bottom. It lives on mountains where 2000-4000 mm of rain falls each year. Scientists saw the frog between 600 and 1700 meters above sea level.

The frog lives in one protected park: Reserva Ecológica Los Ilinizas.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in big danger of dying out. Humans have cut down forests so that only small pieces of forest are left, and the frogs cannot move between those pieces easily.  Humans also cut down forests to get wood to build with, to make places for cows to eat grass, and to make farms. Scientists have seen the fungal disease chytridiomycosis near where the frog lives, but they are not sure if it has killed many of this frog or not.
Venice (video game)

***Venice*** is a Microsoft Windows puzzle game set in Venice and developed by Retro64 Games and PopCap Games.

## Gameplay

The player moves a gondola that shoots treasure upward. The goal is to match each treasure with the slot that has the same shape. The slots are on plates on the side of a building. Plates come in varied shapes such as bars, circles, half-circles, T-shapes, and X-shapes.

When the level is completed, the player receives points for accuracy, speed and combos.

## Game modes

The game includes four game modes:

- **Journey**: Basic gameplay
- **Flood**: An action mode in which the river level rises at a steady rate. Icons that splash in the water no longer cost the player.
- **Survival**: Flood mode, but a single building that never ends.
- **Trick shots**: Nothing but trick shots. The player is given a reward of 1,000 points for a successful trick shot, incrementing 1,000 points with each successful trick shot, and resetting to 1,000 after a failure.

There are a total of 72 buildings across eight neighborhoods.

## Other websites

- Official site
- PopCap official website
- Retro64 official website

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Venice
- **developer**: Retro64
- **publisher**: PopCap Games
- **released**: June 22, 2007
- **genre**: Puzzle video game, Puzzle
- **modes**: Single-player
- **platforms**: Windows
Granaglione

**Granaglione** was a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy. On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Granaglione and Porretta Terme merged to form the new municipality of Alto Reno Terme.
Porretta Terme

**Porretta Terme** was a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy. On 1 January 2016, the former municipalities of Granaglione and Porretta Terme merged to form the new municipality of Alto Reno Terme.
Castiglione dei Pepoli

**Castiglione dei Pepoli** is a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Castiglione dei Pepoli
- **official name**: Comune di Castiglione dei Pepoli
- **image skyline**: Piazza Marconi-lato torre dell'orologio.jpg
- **region**: Emilia-Romagna
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Bologna, Bologna (BO)
- **frazioni**: Baragazza, Ca' di Landino, Creda, Lagaro, Rasora, Roncobilaccio, San Giacomo, Sparvo, Spianamento, Monte Baducco, Valli
- **mayor**: Maurizio Fabbri
- **area total km2**: 65.76
- **population total**: 6057
- **population as of**: Dec. 2004
- **population demonym**: Castiglionesi
- **elevation m**: 691
- **postal code**: 40035
- **area code**: 0534
MCB Bank

**MCB Bank Limited**  is a Pakistani multinational commercial bank which is based in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The Malaysian bank Maybank and the Pakistani conglomerate Nishat Group possess the majority of the shares. In order to explore foreign markets, the bank's management shortened its name from Muslim Commercial Bank Limited to MCB Bank Limited in 2005. However, they encountered opposition to obtaining a license, particularly from Western countries, because of the word "Muslim.

## History

MCB Bank was incorporated as Muslim Commercial Bank in July 1947. Director members from prominent Muslim commercial and industrial families, such as the Ispahani, Adamjee, Dada, Arag, and Amin Jute families, joined the founders, Adamjee Haji Dawood and M. A. Ispahani.. Khwaja Shahabuddin, who served in Bengal's first Muslim cabinet from 1937 to 1940, was also one of the founding members.

MCB was nationalised in 1974 during the government of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Subsequently, its shares were de-listed from the Karachi Stock Exchange after acquisition by the government of Pakistan.

On April 6, 1991, the government sold 26 percent of MCB's shares to the National Group at PKR 56 per share, totaling PKR 838.8 million.

In 2008, Maybank (Malaysia) declared that it had acquired somewhat more than 94 million common shares from the Nishat Group, acquiring 20% of the stock in MCB Bank Limited. The total value of this deal was MYR 2.17 billion, or US$686 million. Maybank paid 470 Pakistani rupees for each common share of MCB..

The network of Islamic banks had expanded to 34 branches by 2014. In light of the potential of the Islamic banking industry, the bank established a separate but fully owned subsidiary bank in 2015, which it called "MCB Islamic Bank Limited" or simply "MIB.
Minerbio

**Minerbio** is a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Minerbio
- **official name**: Comune di Minerbio
- **image skyline**: Minerbio, comune.jpg
- **region**: Emilia-Romagna
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Bologna, Bologna (BO)
- **frazioni**: Ca' De' Fabbri, Capo d'Argine, San Martino in Soverzano (o dei Manzoli), San Giovanni in Triario, Spettoleria, Tintoria
- **mayor**: Roberta Bonori
- **area total km2**: 43.07
- **population total**: 8783
- **population as of**: 31 October 2017
- **population demonym**: Minerbiesi
- **elevation m**: 16
- **postal code**: 40061
- **area code**: 051
Monzuno

**Monzuno** (Bolognese: ) is a _comune_ in the Metropolitan City of Bologna in the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Monzuno
- **official name**: Comune di Monzuno
- **image skyline**: MonzunoPanorama4.jpg
- **image caption**: Monzuno
- **image shield**: Monzuno-Stemma.svg
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Bologna, Bologna (BO)
- **frazioni**: Bologna, Brento, Ca' di Giulietta, Carbonarolo, Gabbiano, La Trappola, Lodole, Montorio, Pian di Lama, Rioveggio, San Niccolò, San Rocco, Selve, Trasasso, Vado, Valle
- **mayor**: Marco Mastacchi
- **area total km2**: 65
- **population total**: 6359
- **population as of**: 30 November 2017
- **elevation m**: 621
- **saint**: St. Louis
- **day**: Last Sunday in August
- **postal code**: 40036
- **area code**: 051
Fahy-lès-Autrey

**Fahy-lès-Autrey** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Fahy-lès-Autrey
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Fahy-les-Autrey.svg
- **insee**: 70225
- **postal code**: 70100
- **arrondissement**: Vesoul
- **canton**: Dampierre-sur-Salon
- **mayor**: Agnès Todeschini
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Val de Gray
- **elevation min m**: 224
- **elevation max m**: 278
- **area km2**: 6.20
Fallon, Haute-Saône

**Fallon** is a commune located in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in the east France.
Faucogney-et-la-Mer

**Faucogney-et-la-Mer** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Faverney

**Faverney** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Faymont

**Faymont** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Vecuronium

**Vecuronium** is a medicine that relaxes muscles during surgery, or when a person needs a machine to help them breathe. It belongs to a group of drugs called skeletal muscle relaxants.

It is often used as part of general anesthesia. It makes it easier to put a tube down a person's throat to help them breathe. (This is called intubation.)
Hydrocortisone

**Hydrocortisone** is a steroid medicine. When a person's immune system is overreacting, hydrocortisone can calm it. This can relieve pain, allergic reactions, itching, and inflammation.

Hydrocortisone is a man-made version of cortisol, an important stress hormone made within the body. Some people's bodies do not make enough cortisol naturally. Hydrocortisone is a treatment for these people.

### Skin problems

Hydrocortisone cream, lotions, and ointments can treat many skin conditions, including:

- Eczema
- Dermatitis
- Rashes caused by heat
- Sunburns
- Insect bites or stings
- Psoriasis
- Diaper rashes

### Painful joints

Hydrocortisone injections can treat joints that are swollen and painful. They are used for conditions like arthritis, bursitis, and tennis elbow. They can relieve pain for months, or even up to a year.

### Other problems

Hydrocortisone cream, spray, ointments, and suppositories (which are inserted into the rectum) can treat hemorrhoids.

The Mayo Clinic describes the many other uses of hydrocortisone:> Hydrocortisone provides relief for inflamed areas of the body. It [treats] inflammation (swelling), severe allergies, adrenal problems, arthritis, blood or bone marrow problems, eye or vision problems, lung or breathing problems ([like] asthma), lupus, skin conditions, and ulcerative colitis.
3BM Television

**3BM Television** was an independent British television production company. It was founded in October 1995 by Jeremy Bennett, Simon Berthon, Marion Milne, and Malcolm Brinkworth. The company specialized in producing documentaries, focusing on historical, current affairs, popular science, and human interest topics.

## History and Operations

3BM Television operated with offices in London and Bath. The company gained recognition for its high-quality factual programming and documentaries. One of its notable productions was the four-part television series "Warlords," which aired on Channel 4 in 2005. This series, accompanied by a book of the same name, provided a detailed examination of World War II through the perspectives of key figures such as Churchill, Hitler, Stalin, and Roosevelt.

## Notable Productions

3BM Television was involved in producing several acclaimed documentaries and series:

1. _Secrets of the Dead_ series: The company produced episodes for this long-running documentary series, including "Catastrophe! Part 1: The Day the Sun Went Out," which aired on May 15, 2000.
1. "The Berlin Airlift": A documentary produced by Jeremy Bennett and directed by Marion Milne.
1. "Nuremberg: Goering's Last Stand": This production won the BAFTA Huw Wheldon award.
1. "Secret History": A long-running documentary series for Channel 4.

## Key personnel

Simon Berthon, one of the founding partners, served as the Chief Executive of 3BM Television. Berthon had a long career in the television industry, working as an executive producer, producer, director, and writer. He later became Vice-Chair of Directors UK from 2007-11.

## Acquisition

In 2004, 3BM Television was acquired by Zinc Media, marking a significant change in its ownership and operational structure.

Throughout its existence, 3BM Television contributed significantly to the landscape of independent television production in the UK, particularly in the realm of factual programming and documentaries.
Old Romanian

**Old Romanian** it as named the literary stage of Romanian language up to the publishing of Elementa linguae daco-romanae sive valachicae and it attested with the oldest preserved Romanian texts such as Neacșu's letter and the so-called Rhotacizing Texts.
During this period the first religious literary texts written in Romanian appear, followed by the first popular literary texts, and translations such as narratives _Varlaam şi Ioasaf_  and _Alexandria_. The period is characterized by the advent of the printed books and the almost exclusive use of the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet.

### Vowels

Stressed  from Common Romanian developed into the vowel  in the pre-literary stage of the language. The Old Romanian vowel system which is preserved in the current stage of the language.  The asyllabic final sound [u]'s devoicing was not complete in Old Romanian.

### Consonants

Old Romanian retained the consonants  and  from Common Romanian, but with a limited distribution, mainly in the Banat-Hunedoara-Oltenia part. It also had two consonants characterized as _intense_, after which the front vowels ,  underwent velarization.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Old Romanian
- **script**: Glagolitic script, Glagolitic, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet, Romanian Cyrillic
- **nativename**: __
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Italic languages, Italic
- **fam3**: Latino-Faliscan languages, Latino-Faliscan
- **fam4**: Latin
- **fam5**: Romance languages, Romance
- **fam6**: Eastern Romance languages, Eastern
- **ancestor**: Proto-Indo-European
- **ancestor2**: Proto-Italic language, Proto-Italic
- **ancestor3**: Latino-Faliscan languages#Phonology, Proto-Latino-Faliscan
- **ancestor4**: Old Latin
- **ancestor5**: Vulgar Latin
- **ancestor6**: Proto-Romance
- **ancestor7**: Proto-Romanian language, Proto-Romanian
- **iso3**: roa-RO
- **era**: to
Mikala Münter

**Mikala Münter** (born 26 September 1968) is a Danish dressage rider. She has been racing for the United States since 2019. She was for Denmark at the 2014 World Equestrian Games. She was seventh place with the Danish team.

Münter has also been in the 2014 Dressage World Cup Final in Lyon, France. She was able to be at the World Cup Final after her other rider, Anna Kasprzak, had to go out.

In April 2015, Gundersen has also been in another World Cup Final in Las Vegas, Nevada. The finals went from April 15 to April 19. Gundersen was ninth place.

Gunderson was at the 2015 European Dressage Championships in Aachen, Germany. She was eighth place.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Mikala Münter
- **image**: Mikala Münter Gundersen - Grand Prix Special.jpg
- **full name**: Mikala Münter Gundersen
- **sport**: Equestrianism, Equestrian
- **event**: Dressage
- **show-medals**: yes
Emma Tremblay

**Emma Tremblay** (born April 21, 2004) is a Canadian actress. Tremblay is known for her roles on the television series _Supergirl_ and _Wayward Pines_, and the films _Elysium_, _The Giver_, and _The Judge_.

## Personal life

She is the elder sister of actor Jacob Tremblay.

### Film

|Year|Title|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2013|_Elysium_|Matilda|||
|2014|data-sort-value="Giver, The"|_The Giver_|Lilly||
|2014|data-sort-value="Judge, The"|_The Judge_|Lauren Palmer||
|2017|_Juliana & the Medicine Fish_|Juliana Reid|||
|2017|_Wonder_|Michelle|||
|2018|_Night Hunter_|Faye|||
|2022|_Aliens Abducted My Parents and Now I Feel Kinda Left Out_|Itsy|||

### Television

|Year|Title|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2013|_Let It Snow_|Amanda|rowspan="2"|Television film|
|2014|_Santa's Little Ferrets_|Elsa Collins|||
|2015|data-sort-value="Whispers, The"|_The Whispers_|Tania|Episode: "Hide & Seek"|
|2016|_Wayward Pines_|Lucy|7 episodes||
|2017|_Loudermilk_|Lizzy|Episode: "Invitation Only"||
|2017|_Psych: The Movie_|Iris Vick|Television film||
|2017–2018|_Supergirl_|Ruby Arias|15 episodes||
|2022|_Caught in His Web_|Gabby|Television film||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Emma Tremblay
- **image**: File:Emma Tremblay.jpg
- **birth place**: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2013–present
- **relatives**: Jacob Tremblay (brother)
Thomas E. Kurtz

**Thomas Eugene Kurtz** (February 22, 1928 – November 12, 2024) was an American computer scientist and educator. He was a Dartmouth professor of mathematics.

With John G. Kemeny, he helped make computers freely available to college students by creating the idea of time-sharing at Dartmouth College. He also co-developed the BASIC programming language (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) and the Dartmouth Time Sharing System during 1963 to 1964.

Kurtz died in Lebanon, New Hampshire, on November 12, 2024 from multiple organ failure caused by sepsis at the age of 96.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Thomas E. Kurtz
- **birth name**: Thomas Eugene Kurtz
- **birth place**: Oak Park, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Lebanon, New Hampshire, U.S.
- **education**: Princeton University
Knox College (Illinois), Knox College
- **known for**: _BASIC_, _True BASIC_
- **awards**: **1974** _AFIPS Pioneer Award_
**1991** _IEEE Computer Science Pioneer Award_
Shel Talmy

**Sheldon Talmy** (August 11, 1937 – November 13, 2024) was an American record producer, songwriter, and arranger. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was best known for his work in the 1960s with the Who and the Kinks. He also helped produced "You Really Got Me" by the Kinks, "My Generation" by the Who, and "Friday on My Mind" by the Easybeats.

Talmy died from problems caused by a stroke on November 13, 2024 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 87.

## Other websites

- Shel Talmy official site
Kenney Jones

**Kenneth Thomas Jones** (born 16 September 1948) is an English drummer. He is best known for his work in the groups Small Faces, Faces and the Who.

Kenney Jones was honoured into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 as a member of Small Faces/Faces.

## Other websites

- Kenney Jones' Small Faces Charitable Trust

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kenney Jones
- **image**: Kenney Jones (cropped modded).jpg
- **caption**: Jones in 2007
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Kenneth Thomas Jones
- **birth place**: Whitechapel, London, England
- **years active**: 1964–present
- **occupation**: Musician
- **current member of**: The Jones Gang
Kalambay Otepa

**Paul-Mohamed Kalambay Otepa** (12 November 1948 – 12 November 2024) was a Congolese football goalkeeper. He played for Zaire at the 1974 FIFA World Cup.

Otepa died on his 76th birthday in Kinshasa, DR Congo on 12 November 2024.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Kalambay Otepa
- **full name**: Paul-Mohamed Kalambay Otepa
- **birth place**: Belgian Congo
- **death place**: Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, DR Congo
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **clubs1**: TP Mazembe
- **nationalteam1**: Zaire national football team, Zaire
Kumaragupta's Deccan Campaign

During the end Regin of Kumaragupta, he formed alliance with Bhavadatta Varman of Nala Dynasty and collective attacked the Vakataka dynasty as an ally together invaded the Deccan and captured as deep as Nandivardhana and captured it.

## Invasion

The death of Pravarasena II may have triggered a succession struggle, with Narendrasena ultimately emerging as the victor. Vakataka inscriptions suggest that Narendrasena had to "regain the fortunes of his family" following an unspecified calamity, which many historians interpret as a reference to the aftermath of the succession conflict. However, A.S. Altekar proposes an alternative explanation, suggesting that the records actually describe an invasion by the Nala king Bhavadattavarman of Bastar and Kumaragupta of Gupta Empire, who were known to have advanced into Vidarbha and captured Nandivardhana, the former Vakataka capital.

## Aftermath

Soon after the combined Invasion of Nalas and Guptas, in 445 CE during the end of Kumaragupta's reign, Narendrasena was able to recapture his past captial driving away the Gupta and Nala troops.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Kumaragupta's Deccan Campaign
- **partof**: Wars of Gupta Empire
- **date**: 440
- **place**: Deccan Plateau, Deccan (Modern day India)
- **result**: Gupta Empire, Gupta-Nala victory
- **territory**: Vakataka capital Nandi-vardhana captured
- **combatant2**:  Vakataka Dynasty
- **combatant1**: Gupta Empire
**Nala Dynasty
- **commander2**: Maharaja Narendrasena
- **commander1**: Kumaragupta I
Bhavadattavarman
Georgia's 9th congressional district

**Georgia's 9th congressional district** is a congressional district in the north of the U.S. state of Georgia. The district is represented by  Republican Andrew Clyde. The district is mostly rural. It stretches into Hall (home to the district's largest city, Gainesville) and Gwinnett counties near Atlanta.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: Georgia
- **district number**: 9
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries
- **representative**: Andrew Clyde
- **party**: Republican
- **residence**: Athens
- **percent urban**: 42.68
- **percent rural**: 57.32
- **population**: 810,092
- **population year**: 2023
- **median income**: $75,543
- **percent white**: 64.7
- **percent hispanic**: 15.4
- **percent black**: 9.7
- **percent asian**: 6.0
- **percent more than one race**: 3.6
- **percent other race**: 0.6
- **cpvi**: R+22
Todd Blanche

**Todd Wallace Blanche** (; born August 6, 1974) is an American attorney and former prosecutor. Since 2025, he has been serving as the 40th United States deputy attorney general.

Blanche is best known for representing former U.S. president Donald Trump in the 2024 criminal trial in New York. On November 14, 2024, President-elect Trump announced that he planned to nominate Blanche to be deputy attorney general. He was confirmed to the post by the U.S. Senate on March 5, 2025 in a 52-46 vote.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Todd Blanche
- **image**: DAG DAG Todd Blanche Official Port.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2025
- **office**: 40th United States Deputy Attorney General
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **term start**: March 6, 2025
- **predecessor**: Lisa Monaco
- **order1**: Acting
- **office1**: Librarian of Congress
- **status1**: Disputed
- **president1**: Donald Trump
- **term start1**: May 12, 2025
Disputed with Robert Newlen
- **predecessor1**: Robert Newlen
(acting, disputed)
Carla Hayden
- **birth name**: Todd Wallace Blanche
- **birth place**: Denver, Colorado, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (before 2023)
Republican Party (United States), Republican (since 2024)
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Beloit College
American University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Brooklyn Law School (Juris Doctor, JD)
D. John Sauer

**Dean John Sauer** (born November 13, 1974) is an American lawyer and politician who has been the 49th Solicitor General of the United States since 2025. He was the Solicitor General of Missouri from 2017 to 2023. He also represented former President Donald Trump in his successful appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court in _Trump v. United States_.

## Early life

Sauer was born on November 13, 1974. He was raised in Creve Coeur, Missouri. Sauer graduated from Duke University in 1997. He then studied at Oriel College at the University of Oxford on a Rhodes Scholarship. He later went to University of Notre Dame and then Harvard Law School.

## Legal career

Sauer worked as a litigation associate at Cooper & Kirk and then became an Assistant United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri.

In 2015, Sauer successfully vindicated a priest who had been falsely accused of sexually abusing children.

In January 2017, then-Missouri Attorney General Josh Hawley made Sauer Solicitor General of Missouri.

On January 9, 2024, he represented former President Donald Trump in oral arguments before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit about the issue of presidential immunity in the criminal case of _United States of America v. Donald J. Trump_.

### U.S. Solicitor General

On November 14, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced that he planned to nominate Sauer to serve as the next Solicitor General of the United States. His nomination was confirmed by the Senate on April 4, 2025, by a vote of 52–45. He took office the same day.

In May, 2025, Sauer asked the Supreme Court of the United States to include DOGE as a "presidential advisory body" within the Executive Office of the President.

## Other websites

- Appearances at the U.S. Supreme Court from the Oyez Project

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: D. John Sauer
- **image**: Dean John Sauer Official Portrait 2025.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2025
- **office**: 49th Solicitor General of the United States
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **term start**: April 4, 2025
- **predecessor**: Elizabeth Prelogar
- **office1**: Solicitor General of Missouri
- **governor1**: Eric Greitens
Mike Parson
- **term start1**: January 9, 2017
- **term end1**: January 3, 2023
- **predecessor1**: James Layton
- **successor1**: Josh Divine
- **birth name**: Dean John Sauer
Trump v. United States (2024)

***Trump v. United States***, 603 U.S. 593 (2024), is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court found that presidential immunity from criminal prosecution protects all of a president's "official acts"with absolute immunity for official acts while they were president and that Congress cannot control such as the pardon or control of the executive branch.

This case happened because of the ongoing federal case to see whether then-President Donald Trump who took part in election interference during the 2020 election, including events during the January 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol. It is the first time a case about criminal prosecution for alleged official acts of a president was brought before the Supreme Court.

On July 1, 2024, the Court ruled in a 6–3 decision that presidents have absolute immunity for acts committed as president.
Sarah Frey

**Sarah Frey** (born July 24, 1976) is an American farmer, writer and businesswoman. She is the CEO and owner of Frey Farms. She founded the company at age sixteen.

## Personal life

Frey was born on July 24, 1976. In her memoir, Frey wrote that at age seven she was sexually abused by a farmhand. At 15, she moved out of her parents' house. Frey went to Frontier Community College in Fairfield, Illinois while also going to high school.

Frey is divorced with two sons.

## Business career

At 16, she borrowed $10,000 to buy a used truck and took over a melon route, quickly increasing her family farm's client list from 12 to 150. She bought her family farm, near Mount Vernon, Illinois, at age 18.

Frey has been called  "the Pumpkin Queen of America". She grows more pumpkins than any other farmer in the United States. In 2016, Frey sold around five million pumpkins. In 2018, Frey created another company called Sarah's Homegrown that focused on agua frescas and fresh produce.

Frey is on the United Fresh Government Relations Council and the National Watermelon Promotion Board. She is also a member of the Illinois Agriculture Coalition committee.

## Politics

In 2019, some Republican congress officials wanted Frey to run for office to replace Republican Representative John Shimkus after he announced his retirement but decided not to run.

In November 2024, it was reported that President-elect Donald Trump was thinking about nominating Frey to serve as the United States Secretary of Agriculture for his second administration.

## Written works

- _For the Love of Pumpkins: A Visual Guide to Fall Decorating with Pumpkins and Ornamentals_ (2007)
- _The Growing Season: How I Built a New Life--and Saved an American Farm_ (2020)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sarah Frey
- **image**: Sarah Frey-Talley (19494902783) (cropped).jpg
- **image caption**: Sarah Frey in 2006
- **education**: :en:Frontier Community College, Frontier Community College
- **occupation**: Farmer, businesswoman
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **title**: CEO of Frey Farms
- **term**: 1992–present
- **children**: 2
Agua fresca

***Aguas frescas*** are light non-alcoholic drinks made from one or more fruits, cereals, flowers, or seeds mixed with sugar and water. They are popular in Mexico and some other Latin American countries, as well as parts of the United States. Some of the more common flavors are , , and .
Charter school

A **charter school**  is a school that is given government funding but works independently from a state school system in which it is located. It is independent as they work under the simple charter.
Arleen Sorkin

**Arleen Frances Sorkin** (October 14, 1955 – August 24, 2023) was an American actress, screenwriter, television presenter and comedian. Sorkin is known for playing Calliope Jones on the NBC daytime series _Days of Our Lives_ and for being the real-life inspiration and voice for DC Comics character Harley Quinn on _Batman: The Animated Series_.

Sorkin died in Los Angeles, California on August 24, 2023 from problems caused by pneumonia and multiple sclerosis at the age of 67.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Arleen Sorkin
- **image**: Arleensorkin.jpg
- **caption**: Sorkin in 2011
- **birth name**: Arleen Frances Sorkin
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Pneumonia caused by multiple sclerosis
- **years active**: 1983–2011
- **children**: 2
- **relatives**: David Lloyd (writer), David Lloyd (father-in-law)
Eileen Kramer

**Eileen Kramer** (8 November 1964 – 15 November 2004) was an Australian dancer, artist, performer, choreographer and supercentenarian. Kramer was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Kramer began her career by performing with the Bodenwieser Ballet in 1980. She toured around Australia, France and the United States for the next 40 years, before returning to Australia where she remained active in the arts until her death.

Kramer died on 15 November 2004 in New South Wales, a week after her 40th birthday.

## Other websites

- One Plus One - ABC News
- The Art of Now: Breath is Life - Eileen Kramer - BBC Radio 4
- Studio 10 interview - YouTube

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Eileen Kramer
- **image**: Eileen Cramer.jpg
- **caption**: Kramer,  1982
- **birth place**: Mosman Bay, New South Wales, Australia
- **death date**:
(aged )
- **death place**: New South Wales, Australia
- **education**: Sydney Conservatorium of Music
- **years active**: –2004
Tyler Hoechlin

**Tyler Lee Hoechlin** (; born September 11, 1987) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Michael Sullivan Jr. in the 2002 movie _Road to Perdition_, Gerry in _Hall Pass_ (2011), Martin Brewer in the television series _7th Heaven_ (2003–2007), Shawn Hodges in _CSI: Miami_ (2007), Superman in _Arrow_ (2018-2020), Derek Hale on _Teen Wolf_ (20112014; 2017) and Superman in The CW's _Supergirl_ (20162019) and _Superman & Lois_ (2021present).

Hoechlin was born in Corona, California, on September 11, 1987.

## Other websites

- UC Irvine player biography

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tyler Hoechlin
- **image**: Tyler Hoechlin Photo Op GalaxyCon Raleigh 2021.jpg
- **caption**: Hoechlin in 2021
- **birth name**: Tyler Lee Hoechlin
- **birth place**: Corona, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1998–present
- **occupation**: Actor
Elizabeth Henstridge

**Elizabeth Frances Henstridge** (born 11 September 1987) is an English actress, model and director. She is known for playing Jemma Simmons in the ABC superhero action drama series _Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D._ (2013–2020).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Elizabeth Henstridge
- **image**: Elizabeth henstridge 2021 1.jpg
- **caption**: Henstridge in 2021
- **birth name**: Elizabeth Frances Henstridge
- **birth place**: Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England
- **years active**: 2010–present
Barry Jordan

**Barry Jordan** (17 December 1957 — 13 November 2024) was a South African church musician. He was the organist and cantor of the Magdeburg Cathedral in Germany for almost 30 years.

## Biography

Jordan was born in Gqeberha, South Africa on 17 December 1957. He studied music at the University of Cape Town from 1976 to 1979. He was also organ scholar at the St. George’s Cathedral. He obtained his Master of Music in composition in 1985. He studied composition with Francis Burt from 1986 to 1988 and organ with Martin Haselböck. In 1988 he received his "Konzertexamen" in 1992 his church music diplomas A and 1994 his diplomas B. He worked at the St. Nikolai in Kiel, as the assistant of Hans Gebhard. Afterwards he was cantor-organist at the Osterkirche. In 1994 he was appointed cantor-organist of the Magdeburg Cathedral. Between 2003 and 2006 Jorsan was also organ teacher af the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig. In 2004 he was awarded the honorary title of Kirchenmusikdirektor. He retired as the cantor-organist of Magdeburg Cathedral in December 2023.

Jordan has performed regularly as a concert organist. Mainly in Germany but also in other countries. Recordings of his playing have appeared on labels including, Prospect, IFO, and Querstand. He was also active as a composer for organ and other ensembles.

Jordan died on 13 November 2024, at the age of 66 years old.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Barry Jordan
- **image**: Barry Jordan.jpg
- **caption**: Jordan in 2008
- **birth place**: Gqeberha, South Africa
- **genre**: church music
- **occupation**: organist, composer
- **website**: https://www.barryjordan.de/
Hamani Diori

**Hamani Diori** (6 June 1916 – 23 April 1989) was the first President of the Republic of Niger.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Hamani Diori
- **image**: Hamani Diori 1968b.jpg
- **caption**: Diori in 1968
- **order**: 1st President of Niger
- **term start**: 3 August 1960
- **term end**: 15 April 1974
- **predecessor**: Himself as Prime Minister of Niger, French Community
- **successor**: Seyni Kountché
- **order1**: 1st Prime Minister of Niger
- **term start1**: 10 October 1958
- **term end1**: 15 April 1974
- **predecessor1**: Djibo Bakary
- **successor1**: Seyni Kountché
- **birth place**: Soudouré, Niger, French West Africa
- **death place**: Rabat, Morocco
- **spouse**: Aissa Diori
- **party**: Nigerien Progressive Party-African Democratic Rally, PPN-RDA
- **children**: Abdoulaye Hamani Diori
- **relations**: Djibo Bakary
New Great Migration

The New Great Migration refers to the demographic shift that has occurred from 1970 to the present, marking a reversal of the preceding 60-year trend of African American migration within the United States.

Since 1970, various factors have contributed to the migration of African Americans to the Southern United States. These include the deindustrialization of cities in the Northeastern and Midwestern regions, the emergence of job opportunities in the "New South" characterized by lower living costs, a desire to reconnect with family, strong cultural ties, a perceived reduction in discrimination, and religious affiliations.
Afrocentrism

**Afrocentrism** is a perspective that prioritizes the historical experiences and contributions of individuals of African descent, often placing them in a more prominent position compared to non-African cultures.
African-American English

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: African-American English
- **altname**: Black English
- **region**: United States
- **ethnicity**: African Americans
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Germanic languages, Germanic
- **fam3**: West Germanic languages, West Germanic
- **fam4**: North Sea Germanic
- **fam5**: Anglo-Frisian languages, Anglo–Frisian
- **fam6**: Anglic languages, Anglic
- **fam7**: English language, English
- **fam8**: North American English
- **fam9**: American English
- **isoexception**: dialect
- **glotto**: none
Gullah language

**Gullah** is a creole language spoken by the Gullah community, also called "Geechees" among its members. This African American population lives in the coastal areas of South Carolina and Georgia, which cover urban centers such as Charleston and Savannah, as well as the far northeastern part of Florida and the southeastern tip of North Carolina.
Americo-Liberians

**Americo-Liberians** constitute an ethnic group in Liberia, originating from African American, Afro-Caribbean, and liberated African backgrounds. Their lineage can be traced back to free-born individuals and formerly enslaved African Americans who migrated to Liberia in the 19th century, playing a pivotal role in establishing the nation. This group identifies itself as Americo-Liberians.
Historically black colleges and universities

**Historically black colleges and universities**, **(HBCUs)** are institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the intention of primarily serving African American men and woman, where they can get earn am academic degree upon graduation.
Sierra Leone Creole people

The **Sierra Leone Creole people**, known in Krio as Krio pipul, constitute an ethnic group within Sierra Leone. They are the descendants of freed African-American, Afro-Caribbean, and Liberated African slaves who established themselves in the Western Area of Sierra Leone from 1787 to approximately 1885. This colony was founded by the British, with the backing of abolitionists, under the auspices of the Sierra Leone Company, intended as a haven for freed individuals. The settlers named their new community Freetown. Currently, the Sierra Leone Creole population represents 1.2 percent of the total population of Sierra Leone.
African-American dance

**African-American dance** is a distinctive form of dance. It originated from Africans in the Diaspora, particularly within the United States. This dance style has evolved in various environments throughout African-American communities, rather than in traditional studios, educational institutions, or professional companies. The dances primarily focus on folk and social dance practices, although elements of performance dance often enhance these forms. Emphasizing the importance of improvisation, African-American dance is marked by continuous transformation and evolution. Several prominent African-American modern dance companies draw inspiration from this cultural dance, including the Whitey's Lindy Hoppers, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, Dance Theatre of Harlem, and the Katherine Dunham Company. Additionally, Hollywood and Broadway have created platforms for African-American artists to showcase their talents and for audiences to engage with their work.
Loek Dijkman

**Lodewijk Theodorus Lambertus "Loek" Dijkman** (22 February 1942 – 1 November 2024) was a Dutch business person and philanthropist.

Dijkman was the founder of the music centre  in the Parkkerk, Amsterdam. He also ensured the preservation of the Arboretum , which he took over from the Wageningen University and started the statue galary   there. On the  in Leiden, Stichting Utopa that was founded by Dijkman, owns the historic Holy Spirit Orphanage, the oldest parts of which date back to the fifteenth century. After a thorough renovation, the building has been used by Stichting Utopa as the Utopa Orphanage/Children's Rights House since 2010.

He has been awarded several times for his commitment to art and culture in the Netherlands, including the  in 2008.

Dijkman died in Leiden on 1 November 2024, at the age of 82.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Loek Dijkman
- **birth name**: Lodewijk Theodorus Lambertus Dijkman
- **birth place**: Velsen, Netherlands
- **death place**: Leiden, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: business person and philanthropist
István Nemere

**István Nemere** (8 November 1944 – 15 November 2024) was a Hungarian novelist, Esperantist, and translator. He wrote 744 published books, mostly in Hungarian, over twenty novels in Esperanto. Nemere said that the movie _Demolition Man_ was plagiarized from one of his novels. He was born in Pécs, Hungary. His first book was published in 1974.

On 8 November 2024, Nemere was hospitalized for a heart attack on his 80th birthday in Tiszaeszlár, Hungary. He died one week later on 15 November, aged 80.

## Other websites

- István Nemere website

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: István Nemere
- **image**: Nemere-Istvan.JPG
- **birth place**: Pécs, Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), Hungary
- **nationality**: Hungarian
- **caption**: Nemere in 2010
Tiszaeszlár

**Tiszaeszlár** (Old form: _Tisza-Eszlár_) is a village in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, Hungary.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Tiszaeszlár
- **image shield**: HUN Tiszaeszlár COA.jpg
- **pushpin map**: Hungary
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Tiszaeszlár in Hungary
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Hungary
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Hungary, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Northern Great Plain
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Hungary, County
- **area total km2**: 54.56
- **postal code**: 4464
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **area code**: +36 42
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Hungary, Area code
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **total type**: Total
- **population total**: 2566
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density urban km2**: auto
- **population density metro km2**: auto
- **population as of**: 2012
Honda Passport

The **Honda Passport** is a mid-sized four-door crossover sport utility vehicle made by Honda. It was first made in 1994 and replaced in 2002 by Pilot. In 2018, Passport name returned as a two-row mid-size SUV slotted between the CR-V and Pilot.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Honda Passport
- **image**: 2022 Honda Passport Elite (facelift), front 6.1.22.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Honda
- **production**: 1993-2002
 2019-present
- **body style**: Mid-size crossover SUV
Calauan

**Calauan**, officially the **Municipality of Calauan** (), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Laguna, Philippines. The municipality has a land area of 25.25 square miles which constitutes 3.41% of Laguna's total area. According to the 2020 census, 87,693 people lived there.
Seeing Allah

**Seeing Allah** (Arabic: رؤية الله) is a much-discussed and controversial topic in Islam. There are various interpretations in the Quran and Hadith regarding whether the Islamic prophet Muhammad saw Allah during the ascension and in a dream. The disagreements over these interpretations have often led to extremist conflicts, with Islamic sects sometimes declaring each other as infidels. However, most Sunni scholars agree that Allah will be seen on the Day of Judgment.
Marianne Bernadotte

**Gullan Marianne, Princess Bernadotte, Countess of Wisborg** (née **Lindberg**, later **Tchang**; 15 July 1924 – 16 May 2025), also known as **Princess Marianne Bernadotte**, was a Swedish actress and philanthropist.

In 1961, she married Sigvard Bernadotte, the second son of Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden.

Since the death of Gunnila Bernadotte in 2016, she is the last surviving aunt of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and Queen Anne-Marie of Greece. On 15 July 2024, she became the first official member of the Swedish Royal Family to turn 100 years old.

Bernadotte died at a retirement home in Stockholm, on 16 May 2025, at the age of 100.

## Infobox (noble)

- **name**: Marianne Bernadotte
- **title**: Prince Bernadotte, Princess Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg, Countess of Wisborg
- **image**: File:Princess Marianne Bernadotte, Countess of Wisborg, 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Bernadotte in 2019
- **birth name**: Gullan Marianne Lindberg
- **birth place**: Helsingborg, Sweden
- **death place**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **issue**: Robert Tchang
 Richard Tchang
 Marie Tchang
- **father**: Helge Lindberg
- **mother**: Thyra Dahlman
René Henry Gracida

**René Henry Gracida** (born June 9, 1923) is an American Roman Catholic prelate. He was the Bishop of Corpus Christi from 1983 to 1997. He was also the Bishop of Pensacola-Tallahassee from 1975 to 1983. Gracida was an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Miami from 1971 to 1975.

## Catholic prelate career

Gracida became a priest for the Order of St. Benedict on May 23, 1959.

On December 6, 1971, Gracida was made by Pope Paul VI as auxiliary bishop of Miami and titular bishop of Masuccaba. On May 19, 1983 Pope John Paul II appointed Gracida as the bishop of Corpus Christi. He took office on July 11, 1983.

In January 1989, Gracida called for a boycott of all Pepsi-Cola products because of one of their commercials used the song "Like a Prayer" by the singer Madonna. Gracida and other religious leaders saw as sacrilegious. Pepsi eventually stopped showing the ads and canceled its contract with Madonna.

During his time as Bishop of Corpus Christi, many priests were accused of sexual abuse of minors. Pope John Paul II accepted Gracida's resignation on April 1, 1997.

## Personal life

Gracida was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. During World War II, Gracida flew 32 missions in the US Army Air Corps. He studied at the University of Houston.

Gracida turned 100 on June 9, 2023.

## Other websites

- "Abyssus Abyssum Invocat: Commentary on all things Catholic, Roman, that is!" (blog maintained by Bishop Gracida)
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Corpus Christi
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Pensacola–Tallahassee
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami
Peter Sinfield

**Peter John Sinfield** (27 December 1943 – 14 November 2024) was an English rock singer-songwriter, guitarist and poet. He was best known as a co-founder and lyricist of King Crimson. He also wrote songs for artists such as Celine Dion, Cher, Cliff Richard, Leo Sayer, Five Star, and Bucks Fizz.

Sinfield died on 14 November 2024 in London, England from a long-illness at the age of 81.

## Other websites

- Song Soup On Sea  – Official website of Peter Sinfield.
- of 2002 interview by Todd Kennedy.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Peter Sinfield
- **image**: Peter_Sinfield_in_Genoa,_2010.jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **caption**: Sinfield in Genoa, 2010
- **background**: non_performing_personnel
- **birth name**: Peter John Sinfield
- **birth place**: London, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **years active**: 1960s–2024
- **label**: Manticore Records, E.G. Records, EMI, Imagem
- **past member of**: King Crimson
- **associated acts**: King Crimson; Emerson, Lake & Palmer; Roxy Music; Premiata Forneria Marconi; Greg Lake; Keith Christmas; Five Star; Bucks Fizz (band), Bucks Fizz