juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

A **malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor** (**MPNST**) is a form of cancer of the connective tissue surrounding peripheral nerves. It is classified as a sarcoma. About half the cases are diagnosed in people with neurofibromatosis. MPNST with rhabdomyoblastomatous component are called malignant triton tumors.
NJPW World Television Championship

The  is a professional wrestling championship in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). It is the promotion's television championship which means that it is defended on their weekly television shows. It also has a 15-minute time limit for its matches.

## History

On October 10, 2022 at Declaration of Power, New Japan Pro-Wrestling president and CEO Hiroyoki Mihira announced the creation of the NJPW World Television Championship. The reason for the championship's creation to celebrate New Japan Pro-Wrestling World, the promotion's streaming service, as well as, the over 50-year partnership between New Japan Pro-Wrestling and TV Asahi. All matches are broadcast on the New Japan Pro-Wrestling World service and have a 15-minute time limit.

A tournament was held to crown the first ever NJPW World Television Champion. The tournament had sixteen-men and was single-elimination. If a match went past the 15-minute time limit then a coin was flipped and the winner was chosen that way. The tournament began at Battle Autumn (Night 1) on October 14, 2022 and ended at Wrestle Kingdom 17 (Night 1) on January 4, 2023.

At Night 1 of Wrestle Kingdom 17, Zack Sabre Jr. would defeat Ren Narita to win the tournament and become the first ever NJPW World Television Champion.

El Phantasmo is the current champion. He is in his first reign as champion. He defeated Ren Narita, Jeff Cobb, and Ryohei Oiwa at Wrestle Kingdom 19.

## Other websites

- Official Japanese website
- Official English website (Archive)

## Infobox (pro wrestling championship)

- **name**: NJPW World Television Championship
- **currentholder**: El Phantasmo
- **won**: January 4, 2025
- **created**: October 10, 2022
- **promotion**: New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW)
- **firstchamp**: Zack Sabre Jr.
- **mostreigns**: Zack Sabre Jr. (2 reigns)
- **longestreign**: Zack Sabre Jr. (1st reign, 365 days)
- **shortestreign**: Zack Sabre Jr. (2nd reign, 21 days)
- **oldest**: Hiroshi Tanahashi
()
- **youngest**: Ren Narita
()
- **heaviest**: Jeff Cobb
()
- **lightest**: Ren Narita
()
Super Why!

***Super Why!*** is an animated educational superhero children's television series created by Angela C. Santomero and developed by Santomero and Samantha Freeman Alpert for PBS Kids. Santomero and Alpert additionally serve as executive producers alongside Steven DeNure and Anne Loi. The series was produced by Santomero and Alpert's New York City-based production company Out of the Blue Enterprises in co-production with Decode Entertainment for the first season and DHX Studios Halifax for the second and third seasons. Animation was by Toronto-based C.O.R.E. Toons (season 1), Gallus Entertainment (season 2) and DHX Media (originally through its Decode Entertainment division). The opening and closing theme songs were written by composers and lyricists Steve D'Angelo and Terry Tompkins, with D'Angelo also providing lead vocals for both. The background score for seasons 2 and 3 was composed by Lorenzo Castelli and Jeff Morrow.

The show was originally created as a stop motion pilot episode in 1999 by Cuppa Coffee Animation that was pitched to Nickelodeon/Nick Jr. It was later featured at the 2000 Annecy Film Festival. Nickelodeon ultimately opted not to pick up the show. Instead, Curious Pictures pitched another pilot to PBS Kids sometime in 2006, and PBS Kids further developed the series with funds from the United States Department of Education's Ready to Learn grant and aired the premiere episode on September 3, 2007. The original run ended on May 12, 2016 with a total of 103 episodes across three seasons.

## Characters

- Whyatt Beanstalk becomes Super Why
- Littlest Pig becomes Alpha Pig
- Little Red Riding Hood becomes Wonder Red
- Princess Pea becomes Princess Presto
- Puppy becomes Woofster

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Children's television series, Preschool
Superhero
Educational television, Educational
Adventure fiction, Adventure
- **creator**: Angela C. Santomero
- **theme music composer**: Steve D'Angelo
Terry Tompkins
- **opentheme**: "Who's Got the Power?"
- **endtheme**: "Hip Hip Hooray"
"Super Readers to the Rescue"
- **country**: United States
Canada
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 3
- **num episodes**: 103
- **list episodes**: #Episodes
- **runtime**: 26 minutes
Colored pencil

A **colored pencil** (_Canadian_ and _British_ English: **coloured pencil**), is an art tool. It is made of a narrow, colored core inside a wooden cylindrical case. Unlike graphite and charcoal pencils, colored pencils' cores are wax or oil-based and have different proportions of pigments, additives, and binding agents.

## Related pages

- Pencil
- Art
Rainforest Cafe

**Rainforest Cafe** is a jungle-themed restaurant chain. It is owned by Landry's, Inc., of Houston. The first location opened in the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, on February 3, 1994. It has 23 restaurants.
Věra Galusková

**Věra Galusková** (born 22 December 1906) was a Czechoslovak track and field athlete. She was specialized in the high jump. She was active during the 1920s, the early era of women's athletics. She represented Czechoslovakia at international competitions.

## Biography

Galusková was a member of AC Sl.Sl.Uh.Hradište, and from 1927 of SK Slavia. She was specialized in the high jump, but also competed in shot put and discus throw.

In 1924 Galusková finished second in the high jump at the 1924 Brussels Femina Club international women's athletics meeting behind Belgian Elise Van Truyen. She also competed in the shot put. In September she finished third in the high jump event at the 1924 France–Czechoslovakia women's athletics match.

At the 1926 Czechoslovakia–France–Yugoslavia women's athletics match she won the high jump event and improved the national record with a height of 1.43 meters. Olmerová was in 1926 also a Czechoslovak member at the 1926 Women's World Games in Gothenburg, Sweden.

She was the best Czechoslovak high jumper in 1924, 1926 and 1927.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Věra Galusková
- **headercolor**: #d7ecff
- **country**: Czechoslovakia
- **club**: AC Sl.Sl.Uh.Hradište
SK Slavia
- **sport**: Track and field athletics
- **event**: high jump, shot put, discus throw
Android 15

**Android 15** is the fifthteenth and latest major release of Android developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google, which was released to the public and the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) on September 3, 2024. It was released for Google Pixel devices on October 15, 2024. The first developer preview was released on February 16, 2024.

## Infobox (os version)

- **name**: Android 15
- **version of**: Android (operating system), Android
- **family**: Android (operating system)
- Android
- **logo**: Android 15 Logo.svg
- **logo size**: 100px
- **screenshot**: Android 15 Homescreen Screenshot.png
- **screenshot size**: 280px
- **developer**: Google
- **ga date**: September 3, 2024
- **kernel type**: Monolithic Kernel (Linux Kernel)
- **preceded by**: Android 14
- **succeeded by**: Android 16
- **support status**: Supported
Colorectal surgery

**Colorectal surgery** is a type of medicine that deals with problems of the rectum, anus, and colon. Doctors who work in this field are called colorectal surgeons or proctologists.

## Scope of the specialty

Colorectal surgical disorders include:

- Swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus (hemorrhoids)
- Cracks or tears in the anus (anal fissures)
- Abnormal passages between the rectum and the skin (fistulas)
- Severe constipation
- Loss of control over bowel movements (fecal incontinence)
- The rectum's walls pushing out through the anus (rectal prolapse)
- Birth defects like an imperforate anus (where the anus is blocked or missing)
- Treatment for severe digestive problems like Crohn's disease
- Colon and rectum cancer (colorectal cancer)
- Fixing the rectum if it falls out of place
- Cancer of the anus
- Injuries to the anus
- Removal of objects stuck in the anus
- Performing tests to check the colon (colonoscopies)
- Surgery to remove hemorrhoids (hemorrhoidectomies)

## Surgical treatment and diagnostic procedures

Surgical treatments for these conditions include removing part of the colon (colectomy), creating an opening in the colon or small intestine (ileo/colostomy), removing polyps (polypectomy), widening narrow areas in the intestines (strictureplasty), and removing hemorrhoids in severe cases (hemorrhoidectomy). Other operations include minimally invasive surgery, surgery of the anus-anoplasty-and more, depending on the need of the patient. Tests like a colonoscopy are very important for colorectal surgery because they help the doctor understand the condition and decide on the right surgery. Colorectal doctors conduct other tests which include proctoscopy, defecating proctography, and sigmoidoscopy. Now, the ratio of laparoscopic surgery is gaining more because of its lesser risks, quicker recoveries, and cuts due to special instruments used in this method.

## Mechanical bowel preparation

Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) is a process where the bowel is cleared of stool before surgery. This is usually done using sodium phosphate. But there is little evidence in medical research to show that it is necessary or helpful.
Glinda the Good

**Glinda the Good** is a character in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum. She is the Witch of the South. She explains to Dorothy how to use her magic Silver Slipper<nowiki/>s to go home to Kansas. She convinces Scarecrow that Ozma is the rightful Queen of Oz. She teaches The Wizard of Oz actual magic and she helps protect Oz from villains. One of the books, Glinda of Oz, is named after her.

The 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz had a Composite character of Glinda and The Good Witch of the North
Abraham Van Helsing

**Professor Abraham Van Helsing**, M.D., Phd, D.Litt is a character in the book Dracula by Bram Stoker. Dr. Van Helsing trained Dr. John Seward in Amsterdam.

## Role in the Book

When Dr. Seward isn’t sure how to treat Lucy Westenra, he writes to his Dutch teacher Dr. Abraham Van Helsing and asks for help. Dr. Van Helsing comes from Holland to England and notices that Lucy lost a lot of blood so he keeps her alive with Blood transfusion<nowiki/>s. Van Helsing doesn’t know how Lucy got so sick. Van Helsing figures out that, even though he’s never heard of people getting sick with what Lucy has, animals that get bitten by bats called vampires get sick with it all the time. Van Helsing tries to find out if there were ever humans who were bitten by vampire bats and he learns that there are legends about people being bitten by vampire bats, dying, and becoming Undead monsters called Nosferatu. Van Helsing gives Lucy garlic and keeps her window closed since he’s afraid that a Nosferatu will find her.

When Lucy dies, Van Helsing tries to convince Dr. Seward to cut her head off so she won’t become a Nosferatu but he says no. Then Lucy becomes a Nosferatu and bites a lot of children. When Van Helsing convinces Dr. Seward and his friends that this happened, they attack and kill Lucy. Van Helsing cuts her head off so she will stay dead. Van Helsing says since they killed her while the children she bit were alive, the children won’t become Nosferatu. Van Helsing also says that if they had killed the Nosferatu who bit her before she died, then Lucy would never have become a Nosferatu.

After meeting Jonathan and Mina Harker, Van Helsing finds out that the Nosferatu who bit Lucy is the same man who kidnapped Jonathan in Transylvania, whose name is Count Dracula. Van Helsing also thinks that Dracula is Vlad the Impaler and that he became a Nosferatu after he died because when he was alive, he went to the Scholomance and learned Magic from The Devil. Van Helsing looks up everything they need to know about vampires.

Dr. Seward’s patient R.M. Renfield begs him to let him go but Dr. Seward doesn’t so Renfield invites Dracula into Seward’s house and Dracula bites Mina without her knowing. When Dracula finds out that Van Helsing and the others are chasing him, he bites Mina in front of Jonathan and he kills Renfield. Van Helsing decides that they can’t trust Mina anymore because Dracula can use her to spy on them but then Mina convinces him that they can use her to spy on Dracula. Van Helsing and the others chase Dracula to Transylvania and three female Nosferatu attack Van Helsing and Mina so Van Helsing draws a circle around Mina and surrounds it with Wafers and Garlic so that they can’t get into it. Mina starts to turn into a Nosferatu. Then the Sun comes up so the three women teleport into their graves and fall asleep. Then Van Helsing stabs each one of them through the heart and cuts their heads off.
Violin Concerto No. 1 (Saint-Saëns)

The **Violin Concerto No. 1 in A major**, Op. 20, by Camille Saint-Saëns is a musical composition for violin and orchestra that was made in 1859. While this concerto is named  "No. 1", it was Saint-Saëns' second concerto for the violin, but was made public first. This piece of music was written for violinist Pablo Sarasate, who was only 15 years old at the time.

## Instrumentation

The music was made for violin, 2 flutes/piccolo, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, and strings.

## Structure

The music has one part, labeled _allegro_.

The music is played for 12 minutes.

## Other websites

- Violin Concerto No. 1: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project

## Infobox (musical composition)

- **name**: Violin Concerto
- **composer**: Camille Saint-Saëns
- **image**: Camille Saint-Saëns in 1893.jpg
- **key**: A Major
- **opus**: 20
- **period**: Romantic music, Romantic
- **genre**: Concerto
- **movements**: 1
- **scoring**: Violin & Orchestra
- **premiere conductor**: Camille Saint-Saëns
- **premiere location**: Paris
- **premiere performers**: Pablo de Sarasate, Paris Philharmonic
Oresteia (Xenakis)

***Oresteia*** is a Greek opera by Iannis Xenakis made in 1965 and 1966. The work is based on _Oresteia_ by Aeschylus.  It is made for a chorus and twelve instrument players and is 50 minutes. Xenakis made two additional parts of the music in the 1980s and 1992.

## Development

Most of the opera was finished in 1966. It was made for an event in Ypsilanti, Michigan.

In the 1980s, Xenakis made a cantata for an additional part, named _Kassandra_.

In 1992, Xenakis would make his last part, _La Déesse Athéna_ (the goddess Athena).

## Music and instrumentation

The opera is made for a children's chorus and twelve instrumentalists.

## Infobox (opera)

- **name**: Oresteia
- **genre**: Opera
- **composer**: Iannis Xenakis
- **image**: XenakisMDaniel crop.jpg
- **caption**: Composer Iannis Xenakis
- **alt**: Composer Iannis Xenakis
- **language**: Greek
- **based on**: The tragedy of Aeschylus
- **premiere location**: Sicily, Italy
Studies in Judaism, Christianity and the Religions of India

***Studies in Judaism, Christianity and the Religions of India*** (Arabic: دراسات في اليهودية والمسيحية وأديان الهند; Dirasaat Fi al-Yahudiyaat wa al-Maseehiyaat wa al-Adiyaan al-Hind) is a research book. It is written by Ziaur Rahman Azmi on comparative religion. The book is published by Al-Rushd Library, Riyadh in 2001.
The book is divided into two parts, one is Christianity and Judaism (Abrahamic religions), and another is Indian religions (Aryan religions).

## Parts

The book is in two part:
- Al-Yahudiyyaat wa al-Masihiyyaat
- Fusulun Fi Adianil Hind

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Dirasaat Fi al-Yahudiyaat wa al-Maseehiyaat wa al-Adiyaan al-Hind
- **title orig**: دراسات في اليهودية والمسيحية وأديان الهند بها
- **author**: Ziaur Rahman Azmi
- **country**: Saudi Arabia
- **language**: Arabic
- **genre**: Religion
Indian religion
Islam
Christian
Judaism
History
- **publisher**: :ar:مكتبة الرشد, Maktaba al-Rushd
- **published**: 2001
- **pages**: 784 (Al-Rushd Library, 1st edition)
Mattias Eriksson

**Mattias Eriksson** (born 17 November 1981 in Sundsvall, Medelpad) is a Swedish archer. He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics and at the 2004 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **headercolor**: lightsteelblue
- **name**: Mattias Eriksson
- **nationality**: Swedes, Swedish
- **birth place**: Sundsvall, Medelpad
- **sport**: Archery
- **event**: Recurve bow, Recurve archery
Niklas Eriksson

**Niklas Eriksson** (born 17 November 1981) is a Swedish archer. Eriksson competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Niklas Eriksson
- **nationality**: Swedish
- **sport**: Archery
- **birth place**: Sundsvall, Sweden
Ylva Ivarsson

**Gun Ylva Marianne Haglund** (born 10 November 1964) is a Swedish archer. Ivarsson competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Tok, Alaska

**Tok** is a town in Alaska, United States. The population was 1,243 at the 2020 census, slightly lower from 1,258 in 2010.
Strømsgodset Toppfotball

**Strømsgodset Toppfotball** is a football club in Drammen, Norway. They compete in the Eliteserien, the first division league for Norway. Strømsgodset was founded on 10 February 1907.
The New 52

**The New 52** is a 2011 DC Comics event marking the relaunch of its entire line with the publication of 52 new comic series, all beginning at #1. The New 52 came out of the _Flashpoint_ event. In September, 2011, DC Comics consolidated and relaunched their comic lines, discontinuing some series, and introducing yet other series, resulting in 52 titles, each with a new #1. That consolidation included the incorporation of both the Wildstorm Productions and the reincorporation of certain Vertigo properties into the mainstream DC Universe. The event takes its name from the company's thematic associations with the number 52, which began with the publication of the weekly series _52_, in which it was revealed that a Multiverse of 52 parallel realities existed within the DC Universe.

## New 52 series

DC Comics initiated 52 new ongoing series, featuring characters from the DC Universe, with the goal of showcasing a modernized take on its heroes and villains.

## Rebooting continuity

The New 52 involved a “soft reboot” of the DC Universe, meaning that while some histories remained intact, much of the storytelling and character arcs were retold, updated, or completely changed.

## Key titles

Some of the prominent series included _Justice League_, _Batman_, _Wonder Woman_, _Aquaman_, and _Green Lantern_. _Batman_, in particular, received widespread acclaim, especially the story arcs written by Scott Snyder.

## Artistic changes

The New 52 introduced new artistic styles and approached character designs that reflected contemporary aesthetics, often involving younger, edgier looks for many classic characters.

## Diverse representation

The initiative aimed to diversify its character lineup, introducing new characters and versions of existing ones, including the new "Green Lantern" Simon Baz and a redesigned Static Shock.

## Concluding the Initiative

The New 52 lasted until mid-2016, when DC Comics launched the DC Rebirth initiative. Rebirth sought to restore some of the elements of the pre-New 52 continuity while keeping the modernized aspects introduced during The New 52.

## Cultural impact

The New 52 era had a significant impact on comics and pop culture, influencing adaptations in television, film, and other media, as well as shaping the way superhero stories were told in comics.

Overall, The New 52 was a bold strategy that aimed to revitalize DC Comics and engage new audiences, leaving a lasting legacy on the comic book landscape.
Rohan Mehra

**Rohan Mehra** (born 8 April 1990) is an Indian actor and model, known for his work in films, web series, and television. He gained popularity for his portrayal of Naksh Singhania in the popular television series Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai and Sameer Kapoor in Sasural Simar Ka. Mehra also became a household name after being a finalist on the reality TV show Bigg Boss 10.

## Early Life and Education

Rohan Mehra was born on 8 April 1990. He completed his education at St. George's College, Mussoorie, Uttaranchal, where he developed an interest in acting and modeling.

## Personal Life

Rohan Mehra is known for his versatile acting skills and continues to be active in the entertainment industry, making appearances in films, web shows, and television.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rohan Mehra
- **image**: Rohan_Mehra_at_trip.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Mehra in 2019
- **years active**: 2012–present
- **education**: St. George's College, Mussoorie, Uttaranchal
ظ

**ظ** (called **Ẓāʾ**) is the 17th letter in the Arabic alphabet. It is written as ظ in its isolated form. This letter is used in Arabic and other languages that use the Arabic script.

## How it sounds

The letter ظ represents a voiced pharyngealized alveolar fricative sound. This means it is pronounced by constricting the throat and making a “z” sound. It is similar to the English “z” but with a deeper, more guttural sound.

Example: The word “ظَهر” (ẓuhr) means “back” or “afternoon” in Arabic and is pronounced like “ẓuhr”.

## Usage in Arabic

**Common Words**: The letter **ظ** appears in many common Arabic words.

Example: “ظَريف” (ẓarīf) means “nice” or “charming”.

Another example: “ظُلم” (ẓulm) means “injustice”.

## Writing forms

The letter ظ changes its shape depending on its position in a word:

- **Isolated**: ظ
- **Initial**: ظـ
- **Medial**: ـظـ
- **Final**: ـظ

## Unicode

The letter ظ has special codes in computers:

- Unicode: U+0638

These codes are used to represent the letter in digital text.

## Arabizi

In Arabizi, a system used to write Arabic using the Latin alphabet and numbers, the letter ظ is represented by the number 6’. This helps people type Arabic sounds on keyboards that do not have Arabic letters.
Clara Brugada

**Clara Marina Brugada Molina** (born August 12, 1963) is a Mexican politician who is the head of government of Mexico City since 2024. She is a member of Morena. She was the mayor of the borough of Iztapalapa from 2009 to 2012.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Clara Brugada
- **image**: Clara Marina Brugada Molina (cropped) 2.jpg
- **caption**: Clara Brugada in 2023
- **office1**: List of mayors of Mexico City, Head of Government of Mexico City
- **term start1**: 5 October 2024
- **predecessor1**: Martí Batres
- **office2**: Mayor of Iztapalapa
- **term start2**: 1 October 2018
- **term end2**: 16 September 2023
- **predecessor2**: Dione Anguiano Flores
- **successor2**: Raúl Basulto Luviano
- **office3**: Member of the Constituent Assembly of Mexico City by Proportional Representation
- **term start3**: 15 September 2016
- **term end3**: 31 January 2017
- **birth name**: Clara Marina Brugada Molina
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **office4**: Delegational Head of Iztapalapa
- **term start4**: 10 December 2009
- **term end4**: 30 November 2012
- **4blankname4**: Designated by
- **4namedata4**: Legislative Assembly of the Federal District
- **predecessor4**: Rafael Acosta Ángeles
- **successor4**: Salvador Valencia Guzmán
- **office5**: Member of the Congress of the Union for Mexico City's Twenty-fifth federal electoral district of the Federal District, 25th district
- **term start5**: 1 September 2003
- **term end5**: 31 August 2006
- **predecessor5**: María Magdalena García González
- **successor5**: Miguel Ángel Solares Chávez
- **office6**: Member of the Legislative Assembly of the Federal District for the 29th District
- **term start6**: 15 September 2000
- **term end6**: 14 September 2003
- **predecessor6**: Daniel Martínez Enríquez
- **successor6**: Aleida Alavez Ruiz
- **office7**: Member of the Congress of the Union for Mexico City's Twenty-second federal electoral district of the Federal District, 22nd district
- **term start7**: 1 September 1997
- **term end7**: 31 August 2000
- **predecessor7**: Víctor Manuel Álvarez Trasviña
- **successor7**: Esteban Daniel González Enríquez
- **party**: Morena (political party), Morena (2014-present)
- **education**: Metropolitan Autonomous University Master of Economics, MEcon
- **otherparty**: Party of the Democratic Revolution (1995-2012)
Manuel Ávila Camacho

**Manuel Ávila Camacho** (; 24 April 1897 – 13 October 1955) was a Mexican politician and military leader. He was the President of Mexico from 1940 to 1946.

He served with General Lázaro Cárdenas as his Chief of his General Staff during the Mexican Revolution. He was known as "The Gentleman President" ("El Presidente Caballero"). As president, he pursued "national policies of unity, adjustment, and moderation."

During his presidency, he helped fix relations between Mexico and the United States during World War II.

Ávila Camacho died at his farm in Huixquilucan, Mexico from heart disease on 13 October 1955, aged 58.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Manuel Ávila Camacho
- **image**: Manuel Ávila Camacho, Retrato.png
- **caption**: Official Potrait, 1940
- **order**: 52nd
- **office**: President of Mexico
- **predecessor**: Lázaro Cárdenas
- **successor**: Miguel Alemán Valdés
- **office2**: Secretariat of National Defense (Mexico), Secretary of National Defense of Mexico
- **term start2**: 18 October 1936
- **term end2**: 31 January 1939
- **president2**: Lázaro Cárdenas
- **predecessor2**: Andrés Figueroa
- **successor2**: Jesús Agustín Castro
- **birth place**: Teziutlán, Puebla, Mexico
- **death place**: Huixquilucan, State of Mexico, Mexico
- **resting place**: Panteón Francés
- **spouse**: Soledad Orozco
- **party**: Institutional Revolutionary Party, Institutional Revolutionary
- **allegiance**: Mexico
- **branch**: Mexican Army
- **serviceyears**: 1914–1933
- **rank**: Brigadier general
Gibran Rakabuming Raka

**Gibran Rakabuming Raka** (born 1 October 1987) is an Indonesian politician and businessperson who has been the 14th and current Vice President of Indonesia since 2024. Before, he was the mayor of Surakarta from 2021 to 2024. He is the oldest child of 7th President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo.

In the 2024 presidential election, he successfully ran as the vice presidential candidate of Prabowo Subianto.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gibran Rakabuming Raka
- **image**: Gibran Rakabuming 2024 official portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait of Gibran Rakabuming Raka in 2024
- **order**: 14th
- **office**: Vice President of Indonesia
- **term start**: 20 October 2024
- **president**: Prabowo Subianto
- **predecessor**: Ma'ruf Amin
- **office1**: 18th Mayor of Surakarta
- **term start1**: 26 February 2021
- **term end1**: 16 July 2024
- **1blankname1**: Vice Mayor
- **1namedata1**: Teguh Prakosa
- **predecessor1**: F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo
- **successor1**: Teguh Prakosa
- **birth place**: Surakarta, Central Java,  Indonesia
- **nationality**: Indonesia, Indonesian
- **children**: 2
- **father**: Joko Widodo
- **mother**: Iriana
- **relatives**: Family of Joko Widodo
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **otherparty**: Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, PDI-P (2019 - 2023)
- **education**: Orchid Park Secondary School
Gerindra Party

The **Great Indonesia Movement Party** (), better known as the **Gerindra Party**, is a nationalist, right-wing populist political party in Indonesia. It has been the third-largest party in the House of Representatives (DPR). It won 86 seats in the latest election. It is led by the former army general and the president-elect of Indonesia Prabowo Subianto.

## Infobox (indonesian political party)

- **name english**: Great Indonesia Movement Party
- **logo**: Partai Gerindra logo.jpg
- **abbr**: Gerindra
- **leader1 title**: General Chairman
- **leader1 name**: Prabowo Subianto
- **leader2 title**: Secretary-General
- **leader2 name**: Ahmad Muzani
- **leader3 title**: House of Representatives (Indonesia), DPR group leader
- **leader3 name**: Ahmad Muzani
- **youth**: TIDAR (Great Indonesia Bud)
- **women**: PIRA (Great Indonesia Women)
- **muslim**: GEMIRA (Great Indonesia Muslim Movement)
- **christian**: GEKIRA (Great Indonesia Christian Movement)
- **h-b**: GEMA SADHANA (Sanatana Dharma Nusantara Society Movement)
- **labour**: SEGARA (Great Indonesia Labor Movement Center)
- **split**: Golkar
- **headquarters**: Jakarta
- **membership**: 498,963
- **membership year**: 2022
- **ideology**: Pancasila (politics), Pancasila

Social conservatism
Right-wing populism
- **political position**: Right-wing
- **national**: Onward Indonesia Coalition
Advanced Indonesia Coalition
- **ballno**: 2
Bhoota

**Bhoota** is a supernatural being. In Indian subcontinental culture and folktales, a bhoota is any ghostly being that often manifests from someone who has died. People of the subcontinent still believe in ghosts because of having many places said to be haunted, like old buildings, forts, and cremation grounds. In Bengali culture, ghosts are important both for Muslims and Hindus. In Pakistan, the term jinn is used for both bhootas and spirits from Arabic and Persian stories. These bhootas can either be ghosts of dead people or jinns from another world.

## Characteristics of Bhootas

Bhutas are spirits that can change into various animals but generally take human forms. Their feet face backward. They float above the ground because they avoid touching the ground-as the earth is sacred in many Indian traditions. Bhutas do not have a shadow and speak with a nasal voice. They are often seen in white clothes and sometimes live in trees or haunt places where they were killed.

A special type of bhoota is called a churel, which is the spirit of a woman who died during pregnancy or childbirth. Churels take the form of women but have feet pointed backward, toes reversed, or some other strange features. They try to attract young men at road crossings or fields and if a man falls for a churel, she may cause his death.
Takeshi Iwaya

is a Japanese politician who was the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2024 until 2025. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2000.

Iwaya was the Minister of Defense from 2 October 2018 to 11 September 2019.

In September 2024, incoming Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba picked Iwaya as the next Foreign Minister, replacing Yōko Kamikawa.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Takeshi Iwaya
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Takeshi Iwaya 20241003 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **office**: Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan), Minister for Foreign Affairs
- **term start**: 1 October 2024
- **term end**: 21 October 2025
- **primeminister**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **predecessor**: Yōko Kamikawa
- **successor**: Toshimitsu Motegi
- **office2**: Minister of Defense (Japan), Minister of Defense
- **primeminister2**: Shinzō Abe
- **term start2**: 2 October 2018
- **term end2**: 11 September 2019
- **predecessor2**: Itsunori Onodera
- **successor2**: Tarō Kōno
- **office3**: Member of the House of Representatives of Japan, House of Representatives
for  Ōita Prefecture, Ōita's 3rd district
- **term start3**: 26 June 2000
- **term start4**: 19 February 1990
- **term end4**: 18 June 1993
- **birth place**: Beppu, Japan
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic Party
- **education**: Waseda University
Gen Nakatani

is a Japanese politician who was the Minister of Defense from 2024 until 2025 during the Shigeru Ishiba government. He served in this position before from 2001 to 2002 and from 2014 to 2016. He is a member of the far-right organization Nippon Kaigi.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gen Nakatani
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Gen Nakatani 20241003.jpg
- **office**: Minister of Defense (Japan), Minister of Defense
- **primeminister**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **term start**: 1 October 2024
- **term end**: 21 October 2025
- **predecessor**: Minoru Kihara (politician), Minoru Kihara
- **successor**: Shinjirō Koizumi
- **primeminister1**: Shinzō Abe
- **term start1**: 24 December 2014
- **term end1**: 3 August 2016
- **predecessor1**: Akinori Eto
- **successor1**: Tomomi Inada
- **office2**: Minister of Defense (Japan)#Minister of State, Head or Director General of the Japan Defense Agency, Director-General of the Japan Defense Agency
- **primeminister2**: Yoshirō Mori
 Junichirō Koizumi
- **term start2**: 4 April 2001
- **term end2**: 30 September 2002
- **predecessor2**: Toshitsugu Saito
- **successor2**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **office3**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives for the Kōchi 1st district
- **term start3**: 14 December 2014
- **predecessor3**: Teru Fukui
- **office4**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives for the  Kōchi 2nd district
- **term start4**: 20 October 1996
- **term end4**: 21 November 2014
- **predecessor4**: New district
- **successor4**: Yuji Yamamoto
- **office5**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives for the Kōchi at-large district (House of Representatives), Kōchi at-large district
- **term start5**: 19 February 1990
- **term end5**: 27 September 1996
- **alongside5**: , Noritoshi Ishida, , Yuji Yamamoto
- **predecessor5**: , , ,
- **successor5**: District abolished
- **birth place**: Kōchi, Kōchi, Kōchi
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic Party
- **alma mater**: National Defense Academy of Japan, National Defense Academy
- **serviceyears**: 1980–1984
- **rank**: First Lieutenant
Seiichiro Murakami

is a Japanese politician who was the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications from 2024 until 2025. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He has been a Member of the House of Representatives since 1986.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Seiichiro Murakami
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Seiichirō Murakami 2025.jpg
- **caption**: Seiichirō in 2025
- **office**: Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications
- **primeminister**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **term start**: 1 October 2024
- **term end**: 21 October 2025
- **predecessor**: Takeaki Matsumoto
- **successor**: Yoshimasa Hayashi
- **office2**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives
- **term start2**: 6 July 1986
- **predecessor2**: Takatoshi Fujita
- **constituency2**: Ehime 2nd district (1947–1993), Former Ehime 2nd (1986–1996)
Ehime 2nd district, Ehime 2nd (1996–2024)
Shikoku proportional representation block, Shikoku PR (2024–present)
- **birth place**: Japan
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic Party
- **alma mater**: Tokyo University
Vorombe

The largest elephant bird species, **V. titan**, was 3 metres (10 feet) tall. The average weight was about 650 kg (1,433 pounds).

## Related pages

- Aepyornis
Hideki Makihara

is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party. In 2024, he became the Minister of Justice. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 2005 to 2024.

## Other websites

- Official website in Japanese.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Hideki Makihara
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Hideki Makihara 20241001 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Minister of Justice (Japan), Minister of Justice
- **term start**: 1 October 2024
- **term end**: 11 November 2024
- **primeminister**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **predecessor**: Ryuji Koizumi
- **successor**: Keisuke Suzuki
- **birth place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic Party
- **alma mater**: University of Tokyo
Georgetown University
Takamaro Fukuoka

is a Japanese politician who was the Minister of Health, Labour, and Welfare from 2024 until 2025. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2005.

## Other websites

- Official website in Japanese.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Takamaro Fukuoka
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Takamaro Fukuoka 20241206 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Fukuoka in 2024
- **office**: Minister of Health, Labour, and Welfare
- **primeminister**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **term start**: 1 October 2024
- **term end**: 21 October 2025
- **predecessor**: Keizō Takemi
- **successor**: Kenichiro Ueno
- **office1**: Member of the House of Councillors
- **term start1**: 26 July 2010
- **predecessor1**: Hiromi Iwanaga
- **constituency1**: Saga at-large district, Saga at-large
- **office2**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives
- **term start2**: 11 September 2005
- **term end2**: 21 July 2009
- **predecessor2**: Kazuhiro Haraguchi
- **successor2**: Kazuhiro Haraguchi
- **constituency2**: Saga 1st district, Saga 1st
- **birth place**: Kawasoe, Saga, Japan
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic
- **alma mater**: Keio University
Keizō Takemi

is a Japanese politician who was the Minister of Health, Labour, and Welfare from 2023 to 2024. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He has been a member of the House of Councillors of Japan since 2012. He has been a member of the Commission for Universal Health by Chatham House and co-chaired by Helen Clark and Jakaya Kikwete.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Keizō Takemi
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Keizō Takemi 2006.jpg
- **office**: Minister of Health, Labour, and Welfare
- **primeminister**: Fumio Kishida
- **term start**: 13 September 2023
- **term end**: 1 October 2024
- **predecessor**: Katsunobu Katō
- **successor**: Takamaro Fukuoka
- **office2**: Member of the House of Councillors
- **term start2**: 14 December 2012
- **constituency3**: Japanese House of Councillors national proportional representation block, National PR block

Tokyo at-large district

- **term start3**: 24 July 1995
- **term end3**: 28 July 2007
- **birth place**: Minato, Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), LDP
- **relations**: Taro Takemi
- **alma mater**: Keio University
Toshiko Abe

**Toshiko Abe** (阿部 俊子, Abe Toshiko; born 19 May 1959) is a Japanese politician who was the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology from 2024 until 2025. She is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. She has been a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet since 2005.

## Other websites

- Official website in Japanese.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Toshiko Abe
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Toshiko Abe 20200604 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2020
- **office**: Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- **primeminister**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **term start**: 1 October 2024
- **term end**: 21 October 2025
- **predecessor**: Masahito Moriyama
- **successor**: Yohei Matsumoto
- **office1**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives
- **term start1**: 11 September 2005
- **predecessor1**: _Multi-member district_
- **constituency1**: Chugoku proportional representation block, Chugoku PR (2005–2017; 2021–present)
Okayama 3rd district, Okayama 3rd (2017–2021)
- **alma mater**: Miyagi Gakuin Women's Junior College
Mitsui Memorial Hospital Nursing School
University of Alabama at Birmingham
University of Illinois at Chicago (PhD)
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic
- **birth place**: Ishinomaki, Japan
Yasuhiro Ozato

is a Japanese politician who has been the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries since 2024. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2005.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Yasuhiro Ozato
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Yasuhiro Ozato 20210914 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan), Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
- **predecessor**: Ichiro Miyashita
- **successor**: Taku Etō
- **term start**: 1 October 2024
- **term end**: 11 Novemver 2024
- **primeminister**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **birth place**: Kirishima, Kagoshima (town), Kirishima, Kagoshima, Japan
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic

- **alma mater**: Keio University
The Art Institutes

**The Art Institutes**  were a private for-profit system of art schools in the United States.

They offered programs at the certificate, associate's, bachelors, and master's levels. By 2012, there were 50 campuses with roughly 80,000 enrolled students. It was created in 1969. All remaining Art Institute schools closed on September 30, 2023.
Virginia College

**Virginia College** was a private for-profit college. It was located primarily in the southeastern United States. It was founded in 1983.  It offered classes, certificates, diplomas, and degrees related to specific professions such as health sciences, information technology, business, office management, and criminal justice. It also offered online degree programs. In December 2018 Virginia College announced all campuses would close citing financial challenges and accreditation issues.
The Subways

**The Subways**  are an English rock band. They are from Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire. They were formed in 2002. It consists of Billy Lunn, Charlotte Cooper, and Camille Phillips.  The band's name comes from a time when brothers Billy Lunn and Josh Morgan and Charlotte Cooper used to hang around the local subway underpass which ran underneath a Welwyn Garden City roundabout.
Yoji Muto

is a Japanese politician who was the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry from 2024 until 2025. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2005.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Yoji Muto
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry Yōji Mutō.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **office**: Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry
- **primeminister**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **term start**: 1 October 2024
- **term end**: 21 October 2025
- **predecessor**: Ken Saitō
- **successor**: Ryosei Akazawa
- **office1**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives
- **constituency1**: Gifu 3rd district, Gifu 3rd
- **term start1**: 18 December 2012
- **predecessor1**: Yasuhiro Sonoda
- **constituency2**: Gifu 3rd
- **term start2**: 12 September 2005
- **term end2**: 21 July 2009
- **predecessor2**: Kabun Mutō
- **successor2**: Yasuhiro Sonoda
- **birth place**: Gifu, Japan
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic
- **alma mater**: Keio University
- **parents**: Kabun Mutō (father)
The Sonics

**The Sonics**  are an American garage rock band from Tacoma, Washington. They were formed in 1960. The band performed several early rock standards such as "Louie, Louie", and "Skinny Minnie" as well as original compositions like "Strychnine", "Psycho", and "The Witch". They were a major influence on many artists like "Nirvana" and "The Cramps". The original members of the band were: Bob Bennet (drums), Gerry Rosalie (lead vocals, piano), Andy Parypa (vocals, bass), Larry Parypa (vocals, guitar) and Rob Lind (vocals, saxophone). Since then the line up has had several changes. "The sonics" recently reformed to do concerts in Seattle, a documentary on them was also released in 2025 called "Boom: A  Film About The Sonics"
Keiichiro Asao

is a Japanese politician who was the Minister of the Environment from 2024 until 2025. He is also a member of the House of Councillors since 2022.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Keiichiro Asao
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: 浅尾慶一郎.jpg
- **office**: Minister of the Environment (Japan), Minister of the Environment
- **term start**: 1 October 2024
- **term end**: 21 October 2025
- **primeminister**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **predecessor**: Shintaro Ito
- **successor**: Hirotaka Ishihara
- **office1**: Member of the House of Councillors
- **constituency1**: Kanagawa at-large district, Kanagawa at-large
- **term start1**: 26 July 2022
- **constituency2**: Kanagawa at-large
- **term start2**: 26 July 1998
- **term end2**: 18 August 2009
- **office3**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives
- **constituency3**: Southern Kanto proportional representation block, Southern Kanto PR block

Kanagawa 4th district, Kanagawa 4th

- **term start3**: 30 August 2009
- **term end3**: 28 September 2017
- **birth place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic

- **otherparty**: New Frontier Party (Japan), New Frontier

New Fraternity Party, New Fraternity

Democratic Party of Japan, Democratic

Your Party

Independent politician, Independent

- **alma mater**: University of Tokyo
Stanford University (Stanford Graduate School of Business, GSB)
- **website**: https://asao.net/
Tetsuo Saito

is a Japanese politician. He is a member of the New Komeito Party. He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 1993. In 2024, he became the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism for a short time.

## Other websites

- Official website in Japanese.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Tetsuo Saito
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Tetsuo Saito 20211004.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2021
- **office**: Chief Representative of Komeito
- **term start**: 9 November 2024
- **predecessor**: Keiichi Ishii
- **office1**: Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
- **primeminister1**: Fumio Kishida
Shigeru Ishiba
- **term start1**: 4 October 2021
- **term end1**: 11 November 2024
- **predecessor1**: Kazuyoshi Akaba
- **successor1**: Hiromasa Nakano
- **office2**: Minister of the Environment (Japan), Minister of the Environment
- **primeminister2**: Yasuo Fukuda
Tarō Asō
- **term start2**: 2 August 2008
- **term end2**: 16 September 2009
- **predecessor2**: Ichirō Kamoshita
- **successor2**: Sakihito Ozawa
- **office3**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives
- **constituency3**: Hiroshima 1st district (1947-1993), Hiroshima 1st

Chūgoku proportional representation block, Chugoku PR block

Hiroshima 3rd district, Hiroshima 3rd

- **term start3**: 19 July 1993
- **birth place**: Ōnan, Shimane, Japan
- **alma mater**: Tokyo Institute of Technology
- **party**: Komeito
- **occupation**: Engineering physics, Physical engineer
Politician
Minister for Digital Transformation

The  is a member of the cabinet of Japan and is the leader and chief executive of the Digital Agency. The minister is nominated by the Prime Minister.

It began operations on 1 September 2021 during the Fumio Kishida government.

## List of Ministers for Digital Transformation

|colspan=4|Digital Minister|colspan=3|Term of office|style="width:160px;" rowspan=2 colspan=2|Prime Minister|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1||||||
||Takuya Hirai|September 1, 2021|October 4, 2021|||
|rowspan=1|Yoshihide Suga|||||
|2||||||
||Karen Makishima|October 4, 2021|August 10, 2022|||
|rowspan=2|Fumio Kishida|||||
|3||||||
||Taro Kono|August 10, 2022|October 1, 2024|||
|4||||||
||Masaaki Taira|October 1, 2024|October 21, 2025|||
|Shigeru Ishiba||||||
|5||||||
||Hisashi Matsumoto|October 21, 2025|_Incumbent_|||
|rowspan=1|Sanae Takaichi|||||
|colspan="9"|Reference: https://www.digital.go.jp/about/member/(https://www.digital.go.jp/about/member/)|||||

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Minister for Digital Transformation
- **insignia**: Goshichi no kiri.svg
- **insigniasize**: 80px
- **insigniacaption**: Emblem of the Government of Japan
- **image**: Hisashi Matsumoto 20230922.jpg
- **incumbent**: Hisashi Matsumoto
- **incumbentsince**: 21 October 2025
- **department**: Digital Agency
- **style**: His Excellency
- **member of**: Cabinet of Japan
- **reports to**: Prime Minister of Japan
- **appointer**: Prime Minister of Japan, Prime Minister
- **appointer qualified**: <small>subject to formal attestation by the Emperor of Japan, Emperor</small>
- **deputy**: State Minister of Digital Agency
Parliamentary Vice-Minister for Digital
- **salary**: ¥29,530,000