juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Murder of Noor Suzaily Mukhtar

On 7 October 2000, 34-year-old **Hanafi Mat Hassan**, a bus driver with a criminal past, raped and murdered 24-year-old computer engineer **Noor Suzaily Mukhtar** near Bukit Tinggi, Klang in Selangor, Malaysia. Her body was found at a construction site, and an autopsy revealed she had been raped, sodomized, and strangled. Hanafi was arrested and, in April 2002, sentenced to death for murder and 20 years in prison with 12 strokes of the cane for rape. His appeals were rejected, and he was executed on 19 December 2008.

The murder of Noor Suzaily Mukhtar shocked the public and made headlines. Many, including then-Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, condemned Hanafi Mat Hassan for his horrific actions.
Big Mommas: Like Father, Like Son

***Big Mommas: Like Father Like Mother*** is a 2011 American crime comedy movie directed by John Whitesell and starring Martin Lawrence, Nia Long, Zachary Levi, Mark Moses, Emily Procter, Kat Dennings, Chloë Grace Moretz. It is the sequel to 2000's _Big Momma's House 2_ and is the third and final movie of the _Big Momma_ trilogy. The movie was distributed by 20th Century Fox and  was a box office success.
Mavournee Hazel

**Mavournee Hazel** (born 20 March 1996) is an Australian actress and model. She began her acting career having many television roles, including _Sam Fox: Extreme Adventures_ and _Catching Milat_.

Hazel became popular for her role as Piper Willis in _Neighbours_. She later had roles in _Halifax: Retribution_, _Shantaram_ and _NCIS: Sydney_.

In 2019, Hazel came out as demisexual.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mavournee Hazel
- **birth place**: Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- **occupation**: Actress, model
- **years active**: 2012–present
Tai Hara

**Tai Hara** (born March 29, 1990) is an Australian actor. He is known for his role as Andy Barrett in the soap opera _Home and Away_.

## Personal life

Hara married Fely Irvine in 2017. They have a daughter.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tai Hara
- **image**: Tai Hara.jpeg
- **birth place**: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 2010-present
- **children**: 1
Homogeneous catalysis

In **homogeneous catalysis**, the catalyst and the reagents are in the same phase of matter as each other (e.g. solid, liquid, gas). Most homogeneous catalysis takes place in the liquid phase. The word _homogeneous_ comes from the Ancient Greek _homos_ ( “the same”) and _genos_ (“kind”).

### Enzymes

Enzymes are special proteins in living things that speed up biochemical reactions. Without enzymes, life as we know it would not exist, as most of the processes keeping animals, plants, and fungi alive would be too slow. In industry, enzymes are used to make cheese, washing detergents, and leather.

### Organometallic complexes

In industry, many homogeneous catalysts are _co-ordination complexes._ These molecules have an electrically charged metal atom known as an ion in their centres, which is connected to a number of functional groups through pairs of donated electrons. Co-ordination complexes are often intensely coloured, and in high concentrations, they are typically highly toxic to humans.

## Advantages

- Homogeneous catalysts are often highly _selective_. This means that they do not produce many waste products.

- As the catalyst and the reactants are in the same phase of matter as each other, it is easy for the atoms to get close to each other. If the conditions are right, this results in very high reaction rates, even at low temperatures.

- Working out the structure of homogeneous catalysis is comparatively easy. Scientists can do this with a special type of spectroscopy known as NMR.

## Disadvantages

- It is often tricky to recover homogeneous catalysts from reactors. Every time a reaction runs to completion, some catalyst will be lost. This quickly becomes expensive to replace if the reaction is being ran on an industrial scale.

- Homogeneous catalysts are often very sensitive to temperature and pH (how acidic or basic the reaction mixture is). If chemists do not carefully monitor the reactor conditions, the catalyst may be irreversibly damaged.
Santa Lucia Range

The **Santa Lucia Mountains** (sæntə luˈsiːə) or **Santa Lucia Range** is a rugged mountain range in coastal central California, running from Carmel southeast for  to the Cuyama River in San Luis Obispo County. The range is never more than  from the coast. The range forms the steepest coastal slope in the contiguous United States. Cone Peak at  tall and three miles (5 km) from the coast, is the highest peak in proximity to the ocean in the lower 48 United States. The range was a barrier to exploring the coast of central California for early Spanish explorers.

## Other websites

- Los Padres National Forest — **Monterey Ranger District**
- Ventana Wilderness Alliance

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Santa Lucia Range
- **photo**: Conepeak 135711.jpg
- **photo caption**: November 2005 view from summit of Cone Peak, the highest coastal mountain in the lower 48 US states.
- **country**: United States
- **state**: California
- **region**: Monterey County, California, Monterey County
San Luis Obispo County, California, San Luis Obispo County
- **topo map**: Cone Peak
- **topo maker**: United States Geological Survey, USGS
- **highest**: Junipero Serra Peak
- **elevation ft**: 5,857
- **map**: California
- **map caption**: location of Santa Lucia Range in California
Bad

**Bad** or **BAD** may refer to:

## Common meanings

- Evil, the opposite of moral good
- Erroneous, inaccurate or incorrect
- Unhealthy, or counter to well-being
- Antagonist, the threat or obstacle of moral good

## Acronyms

- BAD-2, a Soviet armored trolley car
- Bank account debits tax, an Australian tax
- Bcl-2-associated death promoter, a pro-apoptotic protein
- Team B.A.D., a professional wrestling tag team
- Big Airship of Doom, a type of Bloon in the _Bloons Tower Defense_ game series

## Movies

- _Andy Warhol's Bad_, a 1977 movie
- _Bad_, an unfinished movie by Theo van Gogh

### Performers

- B. A. D., the Taiwanese boy band, who formed in 1998
- Big Audio Dynamite, Mick Jones' post-Clash band, from London
- Royce da 5'9", the American rapper known as Bad, in the group Bad Meets Evil

### Albums

- _Bad_ (album), a 1987 album by Michael Jackson
- _BAD_, or _Bigger and Deffer_, the second album by LL Cool J, 1987

### Songs

- "Bad" (U2 song), 1984
- "Bad" (Michael Jackson song), 1987
- "Bad", from the 2011 album _Symphony Soldier_ by The Cab
- "Bad" (Wale song), 2013
- "Bad" (David Guetta and Showtek song), 2014
- "Bad!" (XXXTentacion song), 2018
- "Bad" (James Bay song), 2019
- "Bad", by Don Diablo, featuring Zak Abel, 2020

### Other music

- Bad (tour), a Michael Jackson world tour

## Places

- "Bad" is the German word for "bath/spa" and so is found in many placenames in German-speaking Europe, e.g. Bad Kissingen
- Bad, Azerbaijan, a village in the Quba District
- Bad, a village in the Agra district of India
- Bad, Uttar Pradesh, a census town in India
- Bād, alternate name for Badrud, a city in Iran
- Bad River (disambiguation), various rivers

## Transport

- Banstead railway station, Surrey, England (National Rail station code)
- Barksdale Air Force Base, Bossier City, Louisiana, US (IATA airport code BAD)

## Other uses

- Bad (economics), the opposite of a good
- Bad (cuneiform), a cuneiform sign
- Little Miss Bad, a character in the _Little Miss_ series of books by Roger Hargreaves
- Banda languages, spoken in Central Africa (ISO 639-2 and -5 codes "bad")
- Bipolar affective disorder
- Turkish cold bulgur soup, also known as Bad (Bat) in Turkish

## Related pages

- BADD (disambiguation)
- List of people known as the Bad
- _Bad 25_, 2012 special 25th anniversary edition of the Michael Jackson album _Bad_
- _Bad 25_ (movie), a 2012 documentary movie about the Michael Jackson album
Enid Bennett

**Enid Eulalie Bennett** (15 July 1893 – 14 May 1969) was an Australian silent film actress, however she mainly appeared in American movies. She is known for her role in _The Courtship of Myles Standish_ (1923).

On 14 May 1969, Bennett died at her home in Malibu, California, aged 75.

## Other websites

- Enid Bennett at Virtual History

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Enid Bennett
- **image**: Enid Bennett in 1918 (SAYRE 5041) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Bennett in 1918
- **birth place**: York, Western Australia, York, Western Australia, Australia
- **death place**: Malibu, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1916–1941
- **relatives**: Marjorie Bennett (sister)
- **children**: 3
Eluned Morgan, Baroness Morgan of Ely

**Mair Eluned Morgan, Baroness Morgan of Ely** (born 16 February 1967) is a Welsh Labour politician who is currently serving as the First Minister of Wales and the Leader of Welsh Labour since 2024. She previously served as Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care in the Welsh Government from 2021 to 2024.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **embed**: yes
- **office**: Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care (Wales), Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care
- **term start**: 13 May 2021
- **term end**: 6 August 2024
- **firstminister**: Mark Drakeford
Vaughan Gething
- **predecessor**: Vaughan Gething
- **successor**: Mark Drakeford
- **office1**: Deputy Minister for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Minister for Mental Health and Wellbeing
- **term start1**: 8 October 2020
- **term end1**: 13 May 2021
- **firstminister1**: Mark Drakeford
- **predecessor1**: _Office established_
- **successor1**: Lynne Neagle
- **office2**: Welsh Government, Minister for the Welsh Language
- **term start2**: 3 November 2017
- **term end2**: 13 May 2021
- **predecessor2**: Alun Davies (politician), Alun Davies
- **successor2**: Jeremy Miles


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **embed**: yes
- **office3**: Member of the House of Lords
- **status3**: Lord Temporal
- **term label3**: Life peerage
- **term start3**: 26 January 2011
- **office4**: Member of the European Parliament
 for Wales (European Parliament constituency), Wales
- **term start4**: 10 June 1999
- **term end4**: 4 June 2009
- **predecessor4**: _Position established_
- **successor4**: John Bufton
- **office7**: Member of the European Parliament
 for Mid and West Wales (European Parliament constituency), Mid and West Wales
- **term start7**: 9 June 1994
- **term end7**: 10 June 1999
- **predecessor7**: David Morris (Labour politician), David Morris
- **successor7**: _Seat abolished_


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: The Baroness Morgan of Ely
- **image**: Official photograph of First Minister Eluned Morgan MS (Portrait) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **office**: First Minister of Wales
- **term start**: 6 August 2024
- **deputy**: Huw Irranca-Davies
- **monarch**: Charles III
- **predecessor**: Vaughan Gething
- **office1**: Welsh Labour, Leader of Welsh Labour
- **term start1**: 24 July 2024
- **predecessor1**: Vaughan Gething
- **deputy1**: Carolyn Harris
- **office2**: Member of the Senedd
 for Mid and West Wales (Senedd electoral region), Mid and West Wales
- **term start2**: 5 May 2016
- **predecessor2**: Rebecca Evans (politician), Rebecca Evans
- **birth name**: Mair Eluned Morgan
- **birth place**: Cardiff, Wales
- **party**: Labour Party (UK), Labour Party
- **nationality**: Welsh
- **spouse**: Rhys Jenkins
- **children**: 2
- **father**: Bob Morgan (priest), Bob Morgan
- **alma mater**: University of Hull
- **website**: [http://www.elunedmorgan.wales www.elunedmorgan.wales]
Olympic sports

Olympics sports are games that are in Olympics in Summer and Winter Olympics. The 2024 Summer Olympics has 32 sports, and the 2022 Winter Olympics has 7 sports. The Olympics 5 rings means 5 continents in the world that have played Olympics. The sports are: Swimming, Golf, Volleyball, Hockey, etc. The most recent Olympics is the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. Every Olympics will happen about 2 years per each. The next Olympics will be the 2026 Winter Olympics at February 6th 2026.
Ben 10 (2016 TV series)

***Ben 10*** is an animated television series created by Man of Action for Cartoon Network. It is a reboot of the Cartoon Network series of the same name also created by Man of Action. The series is served as a parallel world. The series premiered in Australia, New Zealand and Asia-Pacific on October 1, 2016, and premiered in the United States on April 10, 2017, before concluding on April 11, 2021, after four seasons, a film, and three specials, the latter featuring a crossover with _Generator Rex_ and previous _Ben 10_ television series continuity, via the concept of the multiverse.

A film based on the series, _Ben 10 Versus the Universe: The Movie_, was announced on February 19, 2020, and was aired on October 10, 2020.

## Plot

Building on the highly successful franchise about kid hero Ben Tennyson, Ben 10 introduces a re-imagined Ben, his cousin Gwen, and Grandpa Max, as they travel the country during summer vacation. When Ben finds the Omnitrix, a mysterious watch that transforms him into 10 different aliens, a world of extraterrestrial superpowers opens up to him. The series is produced by Cartoon Network Studios and created and executive produced by Man of Action Entertainment (_Big Hero 6_, _Generator Rex_ and the original four _Ben 10_ shows in their shared continuity), with John Fang (_Mixels_, _Generator Rex_) on board as supervising producer.

### Premise

Ten-year-old Ben Tennyson has spent his summer vacation traveling across the country with his cousin Gwen and Grandpa Max, in an RV nicknamed the Rustbucket. However, after coming across a strange high-tech watch known as the Omnitrix, which enables him to transform into 10 alien heroes, he finds himself in the position of a superhero. At each place his family stops, Ben goes from trying to find a source of entertainment to doing battle against supervillains such as the mad scientist Dr. Animo, the dark sorcerer Hex, the psychotic clown Zombozo, the technology-loathing Steam Smythe, the emotionless Weatherheads, amongst other threats both big and small. Despite having lots to learn, he hones his hero skills with Gwen and Max's help.

## Episodes

|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Episodes|colspan="2"|Originally aired|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="2"|40|colspan="1"|October 1, 2016|May 27, 2017||
|colspan="2"|40|colspan="1"|October 3, 2017|October 26, 2018||
|colspan="2"|52|colspan="1"|January 26, 2019|November 30, 2019||
|colspan="2"|34|colspan="1"|December 13, 2019|September 18, 2020||
Charles Brantley Aycock

**Charles Brantley Aycock** was an American Democratic Party politician. He was the governor of North Carolina from 1901 to 1905. While he was governor, a number of reforms were carried out affecting areas such as welfare, child labor, and education.
Cameron A. Morrison

**Cameron A. Morrison** was an American Democratic Party politician. He was the governor of North Carolina from 1921 to 1926. His term as governor was notable for various reforms including legislation providing for mother's pensions.
William Walton Kitchin

**William Walton Kitchin** was an American Democratic Party politician who served as governor of North Carolina from 1909 to 1913. His time as governor, according to one study, was one of “tremendous increases in expenditures for public education, public health service to the feebleminded, and expansion of swampland affected by significant drainage laws.” A number of other reforms such as ones concerning labor were also passed.
Robert Broadnax Glenn

**Robert Brodnax Glenn** was an American Democratic Party politician who served as governor of North Carolina from 1905 to 1909. His time as governor was notable for the expansion of education and public health services along with other reforms.
Hyloxalus elachyhistus

The **Loja rocket frog** (_Hyloxalus elachyhistus_) is a frog.  It lives in  Ecuador and Peru.

## Body

The adult male frog is about 24.1 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is as big as 24.8 mm long.  It has disks on the toes of all four feet for climbing. This frog has a light yellow or light brown stripe on the sides of its body. The stripe has brown or black color around it. The chest is yellow with some gray marks. The belly can be white or yellow with gray marks. The iris of the eye is gray-brown in color.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day. It lives in forests that do not have much water in the air. It lives on mountains and in lower places.  People have seen the frog in streams, pools of water, and on farms. People have seen this frog between 540 and 2760 meters above sea level.

Many of the places the frog lives are protected parks, for example Reserva Ecológica de Chaparri, and Área de Conservación Regional Bosques Secos Salitral-Huarmaca, Reserva Ecológica Buenaventura, and Reserva Laipuna.

## Young

The male frogs sit near stones that are part in the water and part above the water, or they sit next to a stream, and they call to the female frogs. After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.  Scientists have seen one female frog carrying tadpoles on her back. All the other adult frogs they saw carrying tadpoles were male frogs. Scientists saw the tadpoles swimming from January to July.

The tadpoles are 3.3–7.4 mm long not counting the tail and 9.8–17.4 mm long with the tail when the adults carry them to water. They can grow to be as big as 10.8 mm without the tail and 32.5 with the tail.

## Danger

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature says this frog is not in danger of dying out from planet Earth, but the government of Peru says it is "endangered" in Peru and the government of Ecuador says it is "vulnerable" in Ecuador. Many of the frogs died years ago. Scientists think this could be because of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis but they are not sure. Mostly, human beings change the places where the frog lives to get wood to build with, make places for cows to eat grass, and make farms. Bad chemicals and fish from other parts of the world could kill this frog.
Nondenominational Christianity

A Christian church that is non-denominational is one that is not affiliated with any of the official denominations or mainline churches, including the Methodist, Baptist, Catholic, Pentecostal, Lutheran, or Presbyterian churches. Church denominations are established groups of people/organizations who share a common identity, set of values, and customs. Non-denominational churches do not belong to or have formal affiliation with any one Christian denomination.

Within denominational churches, policies regarding membership, leadership roles, and doctrine may be established by the larger organization. Within non-denominational churches, individual churches make decisions regarding different aspects of church life. The second half of the 20th century saw the emergence of non-denominational churches. It was here in the United States that they initially began to appear, even though there are now many of them in several countries throughout the world.

A non-denominational church's founding motivations may vary depending on the unique circumstances and beliefs of its founders, but generally speaking, these churches were founded out of a need for independence and a desire to return to the core beliefs of Christianity found in the Bible, freed from the doctrinal and occasionally political ties that many long-standing denominational churches had amassed over the years.

The term "non-denominational" gained popularity in the United States in the late 20th century, although the idea of non-denominational churches originated in the 1800s with the Restoration Movement, which espoused "no creed but Christ." As it became more popular, people who wanted to escape the strict doctrines of mainline denominations began to follow it.
Bright Side (YouTube channel)

**Bright Side** is a video channel on the American videosharing platform YouTube. It was created on 15 March 2017 by the media publisher TheSoul Publishing. It makes how-to, trivia, riddle, and life hack videos. It has over 45 million subscribers to its main channel. It also has 11 billion views in total and over seven thousand videos.

## History

During the June of 2019, the channel made the 382-day fast of Angus Barbieri in 1965 popular by making a video about it. After just a week, the video was seen three hundred thousand times.

The most seen video from the channel is "13 Tips on How to Survive Wild Animal Attacks", which was made during the September of 2017. It currently has been seen over ninety-three million times.

## Company

The company that made the channel, TheSoul Publishing, was made by two Russian developers, Pavel Radaev and Marat Mukhametov. Apart from _Bright Side_, TheSoul Publishing has made more than a hundred channels, which are mostly about riddles and arts and crafts (_5-Minute Crafts Kids_, _7-Second Riddles_, etc.), as well as more than forty Facebook pages. They also have more than two thousand one hundred members.
Ashina Revolt

The Ashina rebellion was a revolution that resulted in the establishment of the First Turkic khaganate and the fall of the Rouran state.

## Reason for Revolt

After a series of diplomatic relations, Bumin, the first known Turkic ruler, was officially recognized by the Western Wei state and subsequently annexed the Töles tribes. As a result, he began to see himself as equal to the Rouran state to which he belonged, and to prove this to the Rouran Khagan, he wanted to marry his daughter. For this purpose, he sent an envoy to the Rouran Khan and attempted to marry his daughter. The Rouran leader A-na-kuei rejected this proposal very strongly. He then sent a counter envoy and insulted Bumin by saying, "You are my iron-working slave, how dare you speak to me?". Thus he declared that he did not recognize Bumin as a power. Bumin killed A-na-kuei's envoy.

## Revolt

In the spring of 552, the Gokturk horsemen, moving from the southeast of the Altai mountains, crossed the Gobi desert and arrived north of the Huai-huang region outside the Great Wall of China, where they defeated A-na-kuei's army.

Unable to bear the pain of defeat, A-na-kuei committed suicide and the Rourans dispersed. Bumin became Il-Kagan and his wife became Khatun. The Rourans were killed and enslaved, never to establish a state again.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Ashina Revolt
- **place**: Rouran Khaganate
- **partof**: Rise of the Gokturks
- **date**: 552
- **result**: Turkic victory
- **combatant1**: Turkic Khaganate
- **combatant2**: Rouran Khaganate
- **commander1**: Bumin Khagan
- **commander2**: A-na-kuei
- **strength1**: Unknow
- **strength2**: Unknow
- **casualties1**: Tiny or none
- **casualties2**: All Rourans were killed, enslaved or fled to China
David Jacks

**David Jacks** (18 April 1822 – 11 January 1909) was a landowner, developer, and businessman in the US State of California. Born in Scotland, he emigrated to California, United States during the 1849 Gold Rush, and soon acquired several thousand acres in and around Monterey, shaping the history of Monterey County, California in the first decades of American possession. He is also credited as being the first to market and popularize Monterey Jack cheese.

He was born David Jack, but started spelling his last name "Jacks" once in California.

In 1850, Jacks moved to Monterey, initially taking up a job in the store of a fellow Scotsman, James McKinlay. By 1852 Jack had been elected Treasurer of Monterey County and began purchasing land in the area.

## Other websites

- A Memorial and Biographical History of the Coast Counties of Central California David Jacks, pp 241–249
- David Jacks Papers, 1845-1960 housed at Stanford University Libraries

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: David Jack.jpg
- **alt**: Bearded, portly man from 1880s
- **caption**: David Jacks,  1880s
- **birth name**: David Jack
- **birth place**: Crieff, Perthshire, Scotland
- **death place**: Monterey, California
- **nationality**: Scottish, American
- **occupation**: Land speculator, developer, businessman, university trustee
- **spouse**: Maria Cristina Soledad Romie
- **known for**: Monterey Jack cheese
The Pure Fusion Collective

**The Pure Fusion Collective** was an evil professional wrestling stable in WWE. They were a part of the Raw brand. The members of the group were Sonya Deville, Shayna Baszler, and Zoey Stark.

On February 7, 2025, Deville's contract with WWE expired and she was removed from the Pure Fusion Collective. Baszler and Stark continued to wrestle as a tag team until May 2, when Baszler was released from her contract.

## Infobox (wrestling team)

- **article name**: The Pure Fusion Collective
- **members**: Sonya Deville (leader)
Shayna Baszler
Zoey Stark
- **names**: _The Pure Fusion Collective_
- **years active**: 2024–2025
- **type**: S
- **debut**: July 8, 2024
- **disbanded**: May 2, 2025
- **heights**: Baszler:
Stark:
Deville:
Kingdom of France (1791–92)

The **Kingdom of France** (the remainder of the absolutist Kingdom of France) was a constitutional monarchy for around a year's time, between 1791 to 1792. After the Insurrection of 10 August 1792, the monarchy was suspended and later abolished by the Legislative Assembly.

## Background

From 1789, France had a revolution against monarchy in the government. At the time, a idea of a fair and liberal constitution became more and more popular with the French people, and to the National Assembly. Louis XVI moved to Paris that year, but grew to hate it, planning the Flight to Varennes, which ruined the monarchy's already bad public opinion to be worse.

## Constitution

After the Flight, Louis XVI was forced to submit to the constitution by the National Assembly. The new constitution was revolutionary and abolished the nobility of France and said all men were to be treated the same before the law.

!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="6"|
|-

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## Related pages

- Louis XVI and the Legislative Assembly

## References

- Fraser, Antonia: "Marie Antoinette: the Journey", Orion Books, London, 2001,
- Hibbert, Christopher: "The French Revolution", Penguin Books, Great Britain, 1982,
- Jones, Colin: "The Great Nation: France from Louis XV to Napoleon", Columbia University Press, New York, 2002,

## Infobox (former country)

- **conventional long name**: Kingdom of France
- **common name**: France
- **image flag**: Flag of France (1790-1794).svg
- **image coat**: Coat of arms of France 1790-92.svg
- **symbol type**: State coat of arms
- **national motto**: _La Nation, la Loi, le Roi_
"The Nation, the Law, the King"
- **national anthem**: _Marche Henri IV_ (1590–1830)

- **image map**: France in 1792.jpg
- **capital**: Paris
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism
(state religion)
- **demonym**: French
- **government type**: Parliamentary system, Parliamentary constitutional monarchy
- **legislature**: Legislative Assembly (France), Legislative Assembly
- **currency**: Assignat
- **year end**: 1792
- **life span**: 1791–1792
- **year start**: 1791
- **image map caption**: Kingdom of France, September 1791 – September 1792
- **common languages**: French language, French
- **title leader**: King of the French
- **year leader1**: 1791–1792
- **leader1**: Louis XVI of France, Louis XVI
- **event pre**: Flight to Varennes
- **date pre**: 20–21 June 1791
- **event start**: French Constitution of 1791, Constitution adopted
- **date start**: 3 September
- **event1**: Insurrection of 10 August 1792, Storming of the Tuileries
- **date event1**: 10 August 1792
- **event end**: Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy, Republic proclaimed
- **date end**: 21 September
- **p1**: Kingdom of France
- **s1**: French First Republic
- **flag p1**: Royal Standard of the King of France.svg
- **flag s1**: Flag of France (1790-1794).svg
- **flag**: Flag of France
- **symbol**: Coat of arms of France
Voepass Linhas Aéreas Flight 2283

On 9 August 2024, **Voepass Linhas Aéreas Flight 2283**, an ATR 72-500 Brazilian domestic flight from Cascavel to Guarulhos, crashed in Vinhedo, São Paulo State. The plane was flying at an altitude of  before to stalling and spun with a rapid descent at around 13:22 BRT. All 62 people on board died.

The crash was the deadliest aviation accident in Brazil since TAM Airlines Flight 3054 in July 2007.

Aviation experts believe that ice buildup could have been a reason for the crash.

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was at an event in the south of the country when he received news of the crash and asked for a moment of silence at the event for those on board. Later that evening, he declared three days of national mourning in response to the crash.

On 24 June 2025, the Brazilian aviation agency Anac permanently cancelled the Air Operator Certificate of Voepass Linhas Aéreas, ending its commercial flights. The decision came after inspections found cracks near the wing and fuselage, damage to the aircraft structure, and missing repair records. A fatal crash in Vinhedo in August 2024 killed 62 people, leading to closer inspections. Between 2023 and 2025, Voepass faced 15 official cases. Despite a flight suspension in March and a court recovery request in April, the airline could not fix its safety issues.

## Infobox (aircraft occurrence)

- **name**: Voepass Linhas Aéreas Flight 2283
- **image**: PS-VPB ATR 72-500 Voepass SBSV (cropped).jpg
- **image upright**: 1.15
- **caption**: PS-VPB, the aircraft involved in the accident, pictured in November 2023
- **occurrence type**: Accident
- **summary**: Crashed after a flat spin
- **site**: Vinhedo, São Paulo State, Brazil
- **aircraft type**: ATR 72-500
- **aircraft name**: _Maritaca_
- **operator**: Voepass Linhas Aéreas
- **iata**: 2Z2283
- **icao**: PTB2283
- **callsign**: PASSAREDO 2283
- **tail number**: PS-VPB
- **origin**: Cascavel Airport, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
- **destination**: Guarulhos International Airport, São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
- **occupants**: 62
- **passengers**: 58
- **crew**: 4
- **fatalities**: 62
- **survivors**: 0
Hortense de Roux

**Hortense de Roux** (born 11 November 1981) is theCEO of HEC Alumni.
She graduated from HEC Paris, Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Paris-Panthéon-Assas University and EFB. She is also Partner at Ashurst LLP, a multinational law firm.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hortense de Roux
- **birth place**: Reims, France
- **nationality**: France, French
- **occupation**: CEO of HEC Alumni
- **alma mater**: HEC Paris
Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University
Paris-Panthéon-Assas University
EFB
The Tortured Poets Department

***The Tortured Poets Department*** is the 11th studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It was released on April 19, 2024.

An expanded version of the album, named ***The Anthology***, was released not long after.

## Content

_The Tortured Poets Department_ has 16 songs, with _The Anthology_ having 31. Most of them were co-written by Swift and Jack Antonoff and Aaron Dessner. All of the albums songs were produced with Antonoff and Dessner. Many of the songs in the album are about Swift's life and public image.

## Release

The album was announced on February 4, 2024 during the 66th Annual Grammy Awards. _The Tortured Poets Department_ was released on April 19, 2024. The expanded version, _The Anthology_, released two hours later. The album was well received and sold well, selling over two million units by July 2024.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Tortured Poets Department
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Taylor Swift
- **cover**: The Tortured Poets Department Logo.png
- **border**: yes
- **recorded**: 2022–2024
- **genre**: * Synth-pop
* folk-pop
* chamber pop
- **length**: 65:08
- **label**: Republic Records, Republic
- **producer**: * Taylor Swift
* Jack Antonoff
* Aaron Dessner
* Patrik Berger
- **prev title**: 1989 (Taylor's Version)
- **prev year**: 2023
Red (Taylor Swift album)

***Red*** is the 4th studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It was released on October 22, 2012. The album was worked on for two years, and has 16 tracks. The album was well received and sold well. It was considered by some to be one of the best albums to release in 2012. A re-recording of the album, known as _Red (Taylor's Version)_, was released in 2021.

## Production

Taylor Swift worked on _Red_ for two years. She wrote the songs and produced them with Nathan Chapman and other producers. With songs she wrote with other writers, she would demonstrate the song's style and played an early version of it to the co-writers. The album was worked in during the tour for her previous album, _Speak Now_. The first song made for _Red_ was "All Too Well." As the album progressed, Swift produced several songs with Max Martin and Shellback. These songs were "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", "I Knew You Were Trouble", and "22." When the album's production ended, Swift had created 30 songs, with 16 being included on the final version.

## Release

Swift announced _Red_ on August 13, 2012. The announcement was followed by the release of the album's first single, "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together". Four songs from the album were released in the four weeks before the album's release. The album was released on October 22, 2012.

In 2021, Swift released a re-recorded version of _Red_ after a dispute with Big Machine Records. This version of _Red_ is named _Red (Taylor's Version)_.

## Reception

_Red_ sold over one million units in the first week of its release in the United States. It spent seven weeks at first place on the _Billboard_ 200 chart. By August 2014, _Red_ sold over eight million copies worldwide. _Red_ was well received, with some considering it one of the best albums released in 2012. In 2023, the American music magazine _Rolling Stone_ considered _Red_ to be one of the best albums of all time.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Red
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Taylor Swift
- **cover**: Red Taylor Swift.png
- **recorded**: 2011–2012
- **genre**: * Pop music, Pop
* Country music, country
* Rock music, rock
- **length**: 65:09
- **label**: *Big Machine Records, Big Machine
- **prev title**: Speak Now World Tour – Live
- **prev year**: 2011
- **next title**: 1989 (Taylor Swift album), 1989
- **next year**: 2014
Samogitian language

The **Samogitian** ("lowlander") dialect is a dialect of the Lithuanian language. This dialect is spoken at the Northern Samogitian or Douninikų. and some people consider this dialect as an seperate language.<mapframe latitude="53.748711" longitude="22.587891" zoom="2" text="Europe." width="268" height="154" />
Jaume Bertran

**Jaume Bertran** is a cartographer author of three maps The first chart was signed in Barcelona in 1456 and are conserved at the Greenwich Maritime Museum. The other two were signed in Mallorca in 1482 and in 1489, and are conserved at State Archives of Florence, and at Marucelliana Library in Florence

It follows the style of Mallorcan cartography, and the language of the maps is Catalan. The one from Barcelona is the only surviving medieval portolan chart made in this city.

## Related pages

- Catalan Atlas
Scrub Daddy

**Scrub Daddy** is a line of cleaning products made by Scrub Daddy, Inc. Their best known product is a sponge in the shape of a smiley face. Most of their products are made of a polymer that becomes hard in cold water and soft in warm water. As of 2019, Scrub Daddy made more money than any other product shown on _Shark Tank_, a reality TV series created by ABC.

## History

While he was working as a car cleaner, Aaron Krause damaged the outside of a car, so he started a company that made cleaning pads. In August 2008, 3M bought his company, but not the sponges, which were not sold. Four years later, he realized they could be successful after he used them to clean his dishes and lawn furniture.

Scrub Daddy, Inc. was founded in 2012. In October that year, Aaron was on _Shark Tank_, of which Lori Greiner gave him $200,000 to own 20% of the company. The next day, they sold 42,000 sponges in under seven minutes on QVC. Greiner then helped Scrub Daddy to be sold in stores such as Bed Bath & Beyond. In January 2017, Scrub Daddy, Inc. reached $100 million in sales, more than any other _Shark Tank_ product. As of October 2019, the company had sold $209 million of products. In Season 14 Episode 13, it was said that Scrub Daddy had 273 employees and 160 products, which were sold in 257,000 retail locations. They were also one of the five companies on _Shark Tank_ to have made the most money, with more than $670 million in sales.

### Scrub Daddy

Scrub Daddy is made from a strong polymer. Older patents say that this is polycaprolactone. Aaron Krause owns two patents on its design.

### Other products

Scrub Daddy, Inc. sells more than 20 products, including scouring pads, dual-sided sponges, sink organizers, soap dispensers and household erasers.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Scrub Daddy Inc.
- **logo size**: 190px
- **type**: Privately held company, Private
- **industry**: Cleaning products
- **founder**: Aaron Krause
- **hq location city**: 1700 Suckle Highway Pennsauken Township, New Jersey
- **hq location country**: US
- **products**: Sponge (tool), Sponges
Catalan Atlas

**Catalan Atlas** ( ,  ) is a world map created in the 14th century in the Catalan school of medieval cartography . Prepared in Palma de Mallorca around 1375 by the Jew Abraham Cresques and his son Jafuda Cresques, commissioned by the Aragonese king Juan I. As a gift to the French king, it has long been kept in Paris (now in the National Library of France ).

The atlas originally consisted of six sheets of parchment, which were later cut in half and stretched over wooden boards. The first sheets deal with issues of cosmography, astronomy and astrology (in particular, the spherical shape of the Earth is noted). Practical advice for sailors is also provided. The last four sheets of the atlas are an expanded portolan chart with information about overseas countries according to Marco Polo and John Mandeville . North, according to the Arab tradition, is below . The cities' affiliations are indicated by flags.

## Infobox (artwork)

- **image**: El_mar_Mediterráneo_en_el_Atlas_catalán_de_Cresques_Abraham.jpg
Dan Feuerriegel

**Daniel Gregory Feuerriegel** (born October 29, 1981) is an Australian actor. He is known for his role as "Agron" in the series _Spartacus: Blood and Sand_, _Spartacus: Vengeance_ and _Spartacus: War of the Damned_. Starting in 2021, he starred in _Days of Our Lives_ as EJ DiMera.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dan Feuerriegel
- **image**: Dan Feuerriegel 2014.jpg
- **birth name**: Daniel Gregory Feuerriegel
- **birth place**: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 2004-present
Nicholas Hamilton

**Nicholas William Hamilton** (born May 4, 2000) is an Australian actor and musician. He is known for his roles as Henry Bowers in _It Chapter One_ and _Chapter Two_ and superhero Maverick in _Gen V_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nicholas Hamilton
- **birth name**: Nicholas William Hamilton
- **birth place**: Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
- **years active**: 2013–present
Rancho Pescadero

**Rancho Pescadero** (also called "Punta del Cipreses") was a  Mexican land grant in present day Monterey County, California given on March 3, 1836 by Governor Nicolás Gutiérrez to Fabián Barreto. Pescadero means fishing place in Spanish. The grant extended along the Pacific coast from Rancho Punta de Pinos and Seal Rocks south to Carmel by the Sea and encompassed present day Pebble Beach, California.

## History

Fabián Barreto, a Mexican who came to Monterey in 1827 married María del Carmen Garcia Barreto Madariaga in 1833. Barreto received the one square league grant in 1836, but died in 1841. His widow, Maria, sold the Rancho Pescadero most likely becaue she could not pay the taxes on the land. David Jacks acquired the property through John Frederick Romie. David Jacks married Maria Cristina Soledad Romie (1837-1917) on April 20, 1861, in San Luis Obispo, California and produced nine children, with only seven surviving childhood.

With the Mexican Cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Pescadero was filed by John C. Gore with the Public Land Commission in 1853,
 but the grant was patented to David Jacks in 1868. David Jacks sold the rancho to the Pacific Improvement Company in 1880.
Dictatus Papae

***Dictatus papae*** is a list of 27 rules written by Pope Gregory VII in 1075. These rules describe the powers of the Pope and show his authority over both the Church and the kings. The _Dictatus papae_ is important in history because it played a big part in a conflict between the Pope and European rulers called the Investiture Controversy.

### The Church and the Pope's power

In medieval times, the Church was very powerful and influenced many aspects of life, including politics. The Pope was the leader of the Church, but his authority was often challenged by kings who wanted to control the Church in their countries.

### Pope Gregory VII

Pope Gregory VII, born Hildebrand of Sovana, became Pope in 1073. He wanted to make the Church stronger and more independent from kings. Gregory VII worked to end corruption in the Church, enforce rules for priests to be celibate (not marry), and stop the buying and selling of Church positions.

## Contents of the _Dictatus papae_

The _Dictatus papae_ includes 27 statements about the Pope's powers. Some key points are:

1. The Roman Church was founded by God alone.
1. Only the Pope can use the symbols of the emperor.
1. All princes must kiss the Pope's feet.
1. The Pope has the power to remove emperors.
1. Only the Pope can call general church meetings.
1. The Pope can release people from their loyalty to bad rulers.

These rules show that the Pope claimed to have supreme authority over both the Church and the rulers of countries.

### Investiture Controversy

The _Dictatus papae_ was important in the Investiture Controversy, a conflict about who had the right to appoint church leaders like bishops. Pope Gregory VII said only the Pope could do this, not kings. This led to a fight with Emperor Henry IV of the Holy Roman Empire. Gregory VII excommunicated (excluded) Henry IV from the Church, and Henry IV had to ask for forgiveness.

### Church reforms

The _Dictatus papae_ was part of a larger effort to reform the Church and make it more independent from kings. These reforms, led by Gregory VII, changed how the Church was run and made the Pope more powerful.

### Lasting effects

The ideas in the _Dictatus papae_ influenced the relationship between the Church and European rulers for many years. The document helped develop the idea that the Pope had ultimate authority over both religious and political matters. This set the stage for future conflicts and negotiations between the Church and kings.

## References

1. "The Papacy and the Papal State." Catholic Encyclopedia.
1. "Investiture Controversy." Encyclopedia Britannica.
1. "Pope Gregory VII and the Dictatus Papae." Medieval History.
1. "The Gregorian Reform Movement." The Oxford Handbook of Medieval Christianity.
1. "The Role of the Pope in Medieval Europe." The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Kepler-283 c

**Kepler-283 c** is an extrasolar planet that circles Kepler-283, a K-type star. It circles Kepler-283 every 93 days in the circumstellar habitable zone. It was discovered by the Kepler space telescope in 2014.
Pacific Improvement Company

The **Pacific Improvement Company** was a large California company that was part of the Southern Pacific Railroad. It was started in 1878 by four influential men known as the Big Four. These men were Leland Stanford,  Collis Potter Huntington, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker. They were wealthy businessmen who helped build the Central Pacific Railroad. They actively participated to remove Chinese American presence in the 19th Century anti-Chinese movement.

## History

The Pacific Improvement Company was started in San Francisco, California, on November 4, 1878. It had $5,000,000 in capital, divided into 5,000 shares worth $100 each. The company’s directors were J. H. Strobridge, F. S. Douty, Authur Brown, B. R. Crocker, and W. E. Brown.

The Pacific Improvement Company was involved in many big projects, including building the Hotel Del Monte in 1880, a large resort hotel in Monterey, California. By the 1880s, it had grown into one of the largest companies in the Western United States. The company was in charge of businesses like shipping, mining, publishing, land development, resort hotels, electric streetcars, and water systems.

In 1880, the Pacific Improvement Company purchased Rancho Pescadero from a businessman David Jacks. In 1919, the company was sold to Del Monte Properties.

## Other websites

- Pacific Improvement Company

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Pacific Improvement Company
- **logo**:
- **logo caption**: Pacific Improvement Company Sign (1881).
- **hq location city**: San Francisco
- **hq location country**: USA
- **area served**: Western United States, Monterey Peninsula
- **type**: Holding company
- **industry**: Railroad, Land development
- **predecessor**: Western Development Company
- **founded**: November 4, 1878
- **founder**: Leland Stanford
- **defunct**: February 27, 1919
- **fate**: Acquired
- **products**: railroads, hotels, land
- **owner**: Southern Pacific Railroad
Kern Valley High School

**Kern Valley High School** is a small high school in Lake Isabella, California. It is one of the high schools in the Kern High School District. The school has a staff of about 80 teachers and support staff, and about 484 students.

## Infobox (school)

- **name**: Kern Valley High School
- **streetaddress**: 3340 Erskine Creek Road
- **city**: Lake Isabella, California, Lake Isabella
- **county**: Kern County, California, Kern County
- **state**: California, CA
- **zipcode**: 93240
- **country**: United States
- **schooltype**: Public High School
- **established**: 1941
- **district**: Kern High School District
- **superintendent**: Bryon Schaefer, Ed.D.
- **principal**: Alan Paradise
- **administrator**: Eric Hansen, Assistant Principal
- **dean**: Randi Chappell
- **faculty**: 26.57 (FTE)
- **grades**: 9–12
- **mascot**: The Bronc
- **information**: +1 (760) 379-2611
- **website**: https://kernvalley.kernhigh.org/
- **ratio**: 18.07
- **enrollment**: 484 (2023-24)