juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tree fern

**Tree ferns** are a large group of ferns with tree-like form. They are part of a subclass of ferns which is monophyletic by DNA sequence analysis.

The tree-ferns and some other ferns with creeping rhizome stems make up the **Cyatheales** group of ferns (as a sub-class or order). The tree-like habit has evolved a number of times in this group. They can grow up to 20 metres tall, with their large fronds at the top. Many are much shorter, however.

The coal forests of the Lower Jurassic were mainly formed by tree ferns and cycads. Tree ferns were probably food for Ankylosaurs in the Upper Jurassic, as were cycads.

Tree ferns are found growing in tropical and subtropical areas as well as temperate rainforests in Australia, New Zealand, and other island groups nearby. A few genera extend further, such as _Culcita_ in southern Europe. Like all ferns, tree ferns reproduce by means of spores developed in sporangia on the undersides of the fronds. The fronds of tree ferns are usually very large, and multiple-divided fronds. The young fronds of ferns emerge in coils that uncurl as they grow.

Unlike flowering plants, tree ferns do not form new woody tissue in their trunk as they grow. Rather, the trunk is supported by a fibrous mass of roots that expands as the tree fern grows.

It is not certain how many species of tree fern there are but it is likely to be around a thousand. New species are discovered in New Guinea with each botanical survey. Many species must have become extinct in the last century as forest habitats were cut down.
George Eastman

**George Eastman** (July 12, 1854 - March 14, 1932) was an American inventor and businessman.

Eastman was born in Waterville, New York. He founded the Eastman Kodak Company and invented roll film. This made photography popular and led to other men inventing film stock. His Kodak company still runs today, but more focused on printers and printing.

Eastman shot himself dead in Rochester, New York.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: George Eastman
- **image**: GeorgeEastman2.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **birth place**: Waterville, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Rochester, New York, U.S.
- **death cause**: Suicide by gunshot
- **resting place**: Ashes buried at Kodak Park
- **parents**: George Eastman (1815–1862)
Maria Kilbourn (1821–1907)
- **known for**: Photography pioneer, Founder of Eastman Kodak
- **occupation**: Businessman, inventor, philanthropist
- **nationality**: American
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified

**Pervasive developmental disorder** is an autistic spectrum disorder. The full name for this condition is _pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified_. It is also known as _atypical autism_.
Eric Lloyd

**Eric Lloyd** (born **David Eric Lloyd Morelli** on May 19, 1986) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for his role as Charlie Calvin in _The Santa Clause_ movie series.
Sonic Youth

**Sonic Youth** is an American rock band from New York City. The band was formed in 1981. In the beginning of their career, the band was associated with the underground art and music scene in New York City, No Wave. Sonic Youth was part of the first wave of American noise rock groups, but made their own interpretation of hardcore punk sound. Critics consider Sonic Youth as an important element in the rise of indie rock movements. The band members are: Thurston Moore (guitar and vocals), Kim Gordon (bass, vocals, and guitar), Lee Ranaldo (guitar and vocals), Steve Shelley (drums), and Mark Ibold (guitar and bass).

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Sonic Youth_ (1981)
- _Confusion Is Sex_ (1983)
- _Bad Moon Rising_ (1985)
- _EVOL_ (1986)
- _Sister_ (1987)
- _Daydream Nation_ (1988)
- _Goo_ (1990)
- _Dirty_ (1992)
- _Experimental Jet Set, Trash and No Star_ (1994)
- _Washing Machine_ (1995)
- _A Thousand Leaves_ (1998)
- _NYC Ghosts & Flowers_ (2000)
- _Murray Street_ (2002)
- _Sonic Nurse_ (2004)
- _Rather Ripped_ (2006)
- _The Eternal_ (2009)
**Other musical works**

- _The Whitey Album_ (as Ciccone Youth) (1988)
- SYR Series (1997-2011)

## Other websites

- **Sonic Youth** – official website
- Sonic Youth live recordings archive

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sonic Youth
- **img**: Sonic Youth live 20050707.jpg
- **img capt**: Sonic Youth in 2005
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: New York City, USA
- **genre**: Alternative rock, noise rock, experimental rock, No Wave, post-punk, indie rock
- **years active**: 1981–2011
- **label**: Neutral, Ecstatic Peace!, Blast First, Homestead, SST Records, SST, Enigma, DGC, SYR, Interscope Records, Interscope, Matador Records, Matador
- **associated acts**: Ciccone Youth, Free Kitten
- **current members**: Thurston Moore
Kim Gordon
Lee Ranaldo
Steve Shelley
Mark Ibold
- **past members**: Anne DeMarinis
Richard Edson
Jim Sclavunos
Bob Bert
Jim O'Rourke
Leroy Goldsworthy

**Leroy "Goldy" Goldsworthy** (October 18, 1908 – March 16, 1980) was an American ice hockey player. He played 11 seasons in the NHL. Goldsworthy won the Stanley Cup while a member of the Chicago Black Hawks in 1934. Goldsworthy along with Rosario Couture were given the task of helping identify the body of their Black Hawks teammate Jack Leswick when Leswicks body was pulled out of the Assiniboine River in August 1934.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **played for**: New York Rangers
Detroit Red Wings
Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
Montreal Canadiens
Boston Bruins
New York Americans
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **shot**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 165
- **birth place**: Two Harbors, Minnesota, Two Harbors, Minnesota, MN, United States, USA
- **career start**: 1925
- **career end**: 1942
Communes of the Martinique department

The following is a list of the 34 **communes of the Martinique overseas department** of France.

<small>
(CAC) Communauté d'agglomération du Centre de la Martinique, created in 2001.
</small>

|INSEE code|Postal code|Commune name|
| --- | --- | --- |
|97201|97216|L'Ajoupa-Bouillon|
|97202|97217|Les Anses-d'Arlet|
|97203|97218|Basse-Pointe|
|97234|97222|Bellefontaine|
|97204|97221|Le Carbet|
|97205|97222|Case-Pilote|
|97206|97223|Le Diamant|
|97207|97224|Ducos|
|97208|97250|Fonds-Saint-Denis|
|97209|97200|Fort-de-France <small><sup>(CAF)</sup></small>|
|97210|97240|Le François|
|97211|97218|Grand'Rivière|
|97212|97213|Gros-Morne|
|97213|97232|Le Lamentin <small><sup>(CAF)</sup></small>|
|97214|97214|Le Lorrain|
|97215|97218|Macouba|
|97216|97225|Le Marigot|
|97217|97290|Le Marin|
|97218|97260|Le Morne-Rouge|
|97233|97226|Le Morne-Vert|
|97219|97250|Le Prêcheur|
|97220|97211|Rivière-Pilote|
|97221|97215|Rivière-Salée|
|97222|97231|Le Robert|
|97226|97227|Sainte-Anne|
|97227|97228|Sainte-Luce|
|97228|97230|Sainte-Marie|
|97223|97270|Saint-Esprit|
|97224|97212|Saint-Joseph <small><sup>(CAF)</sup></small>|
|97225|97250|Saint-Pierre|
|97229|97233|Schœlcher <small><sup>(CAF)</sup></small>|
|97230|97220|La Trinité|
|97231|97229|Les Trois-Îlets|
|97232|97280|Le Vauclin|
The Jerk

***The Jerk*** is a 1979 American comedy movie. It starred Steve Martin in his first movie role. Martin also wrote the movie with Carl Gottlieb and Michael Elias. The movie was directed by Carl Reiner.
Porsche 944

The **Porsche 944** is a front engine four cylinder sports car. Porsche built the car from 1983 until 1991.
Porsche 924

The **Porsche 924** is a sports car built by Porsche of Germany. It was made from 1976 to 1988.

In 2017 a stolen 1979 Porsche 924 stolen in 1991 was found after 25 years
Jemaah Islamiyah

**Jemaah Islamiah**  (, _al-Jamāʿat ul-Islāmíyatu_, meaning "Islamic Congregation", frequently abbreviated **JI**), is a Southeast Asian militant Islamic organization. It wants the creation of an Islamic caliphate (Daulah Islamiyah)  in Southeast Asia. It would include Indonesia, Malaysia, the southern Philippines, Singapore and Brunei.  JI was added to the United Nations 1267 Committee's list of terrorist organizations linked to al-Qaeda or the Taliban on 25 October 2002 under UN Security Council Resolution 1267. On 30 June 2024, key members of the terror group Jemaah Islamiyah in Indonesia dissolved the organisation in a video declaration made at the National Counter Terrorism Agency in Bogor, near Jakarta.
Geophysics

**Geophysics** () is the physics of the Earth and its environment in space. It is also the study of the Earth by measuring things and collecting data. Sometimes _geophysics_ means studying the geology of the earth such as its shape, gravitational and magnetic field, internal structure and composition. It may also mean how they create plate tectonics, magma, volcanism and rock formations.

Some geophysicists now also study the hydrological cycle including snow and ice. They study how the oceans and the atmosphere move. They study electricity and magnetism in the atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. How the earth and sun affect each other is also part of geophysics.

Geophysics was only recognized as a special area of study in the 19th century. But, there were geophysicists in ancient history. The first magnetic compasses were made in the fourth century BC and the first seismoscope was built in 132 BC. Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox. Instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as parts of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean.

Studying geophysics may help with problems such as mineral resources, reducing natural hazards, and protecting the environment. Geophysical survey data help find petroleum reservoirs, mineral deposits, groundwater, and archaeological relics. Such data can also tell the thickness of glaciers and soils, and tell which areas have environmental damage that should be fixed and avoided to visit.

## Other websites

- A reference manual for near-surface geophysics techniques and applications
- Commission on Geophysical Risk and Sustainability (GeoRisk), International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
- Study of the Earth's Deep Interior, a Committee of IUGG
- Union Commissions (IUGG)
- USGS Geomagnetism Program
Kōfu

is the capital city of  Yamanashi Prefecture in Japan.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2000.

## History

Kōfu's name means "capital of Kai Province". During the Sengoku period, it was the stronghold of Takeda Shingen.

## Special places

- Kai-Zenkō temple
- Maizuru Castle Park
- Takeda Shrine
- Yumura Spa
- Yamanashi Science Museum

## People from Kōfu

- Hidetoshi Nakata, football player who last played with Bolton Wanderers in the Premier League. He retired following World Cup 2006.
- Naoko Takeuchi, Creator of _Sailor Moon_ and other comics.

## Sports

A J-League football team, Ventforet Kofu is based in Kōfu. Their home ground is the Kose Sports Stadium.

## Sister cities

- Cheongju, South Korea
- Chengdu, China
- Des Moines, Iowa, USA
- Lodi, California, USA
- Pau, France, France
- Yamatokoriyama, Nara, Japan

## Other websites

- Kōfu official website - Japanese
- Yamanashi International Association - English

## Infobox (settlement)

- **settlement type**: Special cities of Japan, Special city
- **image skyline**: Kofu montage.jpg
- **image caption**: View from Sakaorimiya
Kai-Zenko-ji, Kakueno in autumn
Moats of Kofu Castle, Takeda Shingen festival
Night view of Kofu, Kofu motsu-ni stew
Kose Sports Stadium
- **image flag**: Flag of Kofu, Yamanashi.svg
- **image seal**: 山梨県甲府市市章.svg
- **image map**: Kofu in Yamanashi Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Kōfu in Yamanashi Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Chūbu region, Chūbu (Tōkai region, Tōkai)
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Yamanashi Prefecture
- **leader title**: -Mayor
- **leader name**: Yūichi Higuchi (since February 2015)
- **area total km2**: 212.47
- **population total**: 193127
- **population as of**: November 2015
- **population density km2**: 909
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec1**: City Symbols
- **blank1 name sec1**: - Tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: Quercus
- **blank2 name sec1**: - Flower
- **blank2 info sec1**: Dianthus
- **blank3 name sec1**: - Bird
- **blank3 info sec1**: Common kingfisher
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 055-237-1161
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 2-17-1 Aioi, Kofu-shi, Yamanashi-ken400-8585
Sumoto, Hyōgo

is a city on Awaji Island in Hyōgo, Japan. The city was founded on February 11, 1940.

Sumoto city is famous for many foods, for example: Awaji onions, Naruto oranges, and Kobe Beef.

## Bicycle rental scheme

Sumoto runs runs a cheap electric bike rental program with Awaji and Minami Awaji. It is to help visitors stay for more than one day and explore the island.

## Other websites

- Sumoto official website

## Infobox (city japan)

- **name**: Sumoto
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: Sumoto city view from Sumoto Castle Awaji Island Japan01n.jpg
- **image flag**: Flag of Sumoto, Hyogo.svg
- **image symbol**: Emblem of Sumoto, Hyogo.svg
- **image map**: Sumoto in Hyogo Prefecture Ja.svg
- **region**: Kansai region, Kansai
- **prefecture**: Hyōgo Prefecture
- **mayor**: Michihiro Takeuchi
- **area km2**: 182.47
- **population**: 45,090
- **population as of**: April 30, 2017
- **density km2**: auto
- **tree**: Pine
- **flower**: Narcissus (genus), Narcissus and Rapeseed
- **bird**: Plover
- **fish**: Japanese Spanish mackerel
- **city hall address**: 3-4-10 Honmachi, Sumoto-shi, Hyōgo-ken
- **city hall postal code**: 656-8686
Mourning collared dove

The **mourning collared dove** (_Streptopelia decipiens_) is a pigeon that lives in Africa, south of Sahara. Despite its name, it is not a close relative of the North American mourning dove (_Zenaida macroura_). This species is found most near water.
Diplôme d'études universitaires générales

A **Diplôme d'études universitaires générales** (**DEUG**) is the French certificate given to a university student after he has completed two years of study. It was created in 1973.
Netherlands Bridge League

The **Netherlands Bridge League** (; NBB) is an association of bridge clubs in the Netherlands. It was founded in 1930.

## Other websites

- Official website
Lugo

**Lugo** is a municipality in the Province of Lugo, in Galicia, Spain.

It has an area of 329.8 km² and a population of 97,514 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Lugo
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Bandera de Lugo.svg
- **image seal**: Escudo de Lugo (Galicia).svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Spain Galicia
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Miguel Fernández
- **area total km2**: 329.8
- **population total**: 97,514
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 295.7
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 27001–27004, 27140, 27141, 27146, 27160, 27161,
27180–27182, 27185,
27190–27192, 27210,
27230–27233, 27290, 27293, 27294, 27296–27299
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 27028
Porsche 928

The **Porsche 928** was a car built by Porsche in Germany. It had an aluminum V8 engine. It was made famous in movies such as _Scarface_, _Risky Business_ and _Leonard_.
Andy Hilbert

**Andrew John Hilbert** (born February 6, 1981) is an American former professional ice hockey forward who played in the National Hockey League. He was drafted with the 37th overall pick by the Boston Bruins in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft. Hilbert has also played 3 seasons with the Boston Bruins, 1 season with the Chicago Blackhawks, 1 season with the Pittsburgh Penguins and 1 season with the Minnesota Wild.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Andy Hilbert (1).jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **played for**: Boston Bruins
Chicago Blackhawks
Pittsburgh Penguins
New York Islanders
Minnesota Wild
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Center/Winger (ice hockey), Left Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 188
- **ntl team**: USA
- **birth place**: Howell, Michigan, United States
- **draft**: 37th overall
- **draft year**: 2000
- **draft team**: Boston Bruins
- **career start**: 2001
- **career end**: 2010
Hilbert space

A **Hilbert space** is a mathematical concept covering the extra-dimensional use of Euclidean space in more than three dimensions. A Hilbert space uses the mathematics of two and three dimensions to describe outcomes in more than three dimensions. It is named after David Hilbert.

Vector algebra and calculus are methods normally used in the two-dimensional Euclidean plane and three-dimensional space. In Hilbert spaces these methods can be used with any finite or infinite number of dimensions. A Hilbert space is a vector space that has the structure of an inner product that allows length and angle to be measured. Hilbert spaces also have to be complete, which means that enough limits have to exist for calculus to work.

The earliest Hilbert spaces were studied in the first decade of the 20th century by David Hilbert, Erhard Schmidt, and Frigyes Riesz. John von Neumann first came up with the name "Hilbert Space". Hilbert space methods made a big difference to functional analysis.

Hilbert spaces show up a lot in mathematics, physics, and engineering, often as infinite-dimensional function spaces.  They are especially useful for studying partial differential equations, quantum mechanics, and Fourier analysis (which includes signal processing and heat transfer). Hilbert spaces are used in ergodic theory which is the mathematical basis of thermodynamics. All normal Euclidean spaces are also Hilbert spaces. Other examples of Hilbert spaces include spaces of square-integrable functions, spaces of sequences, Sobolev spaces made up of generalized functions, and Hardy spaces of holomorphic functions.

## References

- .
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- ; originally published _Monografje Matematyczne_, vol. 7, Warszawa, 1937.
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## Other websites

- Hilbert space at Mathworld
- 245B, notes 5: Hilbert spaces by Terence Tao
Christian Laflamme

**Christian Laflamme** (born November 24, 1976 in St-Charles, Quebec) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman that played a combined 10 seasons in the NHL. He was drafted with the 45th overall pick by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft. Laflamme played 3 seasons with the Chicago Blackhawks before being traded along with Daniel Cleary, Ethan Moreau and Chad Kilger to the Edmonton Oilers for Boris Mironov, Dean McAmmond and Jonas Elofsson. He only played 2 seasons with the Oilers before being traded along with Matthieu Descoteaux to the Montreal Canadiens for Igor Ulanov and Alain Nasreddine. After playing 2 seasons with the Canadiens, he signed a contract with the St. Louis Blues.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks
Edmonton Oilers
Montreal Canadiens
St. Louis Blues
- **image**: Christian Laflamme.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Defenceman (ice hockey), Defenceman
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 195
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **birth place**: St-Charles, Quebec, St-Charles, Quebec, QC, Canada, CAN
- **draft**: 45th overall
- **draft year**: 1995
- **career start**: 1996
- **career end**: 2010
Machine Gun Kelly (musician)

**Colson Baker** born April 22, 1990), known professionally as **Machine Gun Kelly** (abbreviated as **MGK**), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter,  and actor.

He was previously signed to Sean Combs' Bad Boy Records but parted ways as of March 2024. Although, he remains with Interscope Records. He was also named the _Hottest Breakthrough MC of 2011_ by MTV on December 14, 2011. His song "Invincible" featuring co-writer and singer Ester Dean is the official theme song of WrestleMania XXVIII.

Since May 2020, he has been in a relationship with actress Megan Fox. On January 12, 2022, Fox announced that the two were engaged.

### Studio albums

|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|2012|_Lace Up_|
|2015|_General Admission_|
|2017|_Bloom_|
|2019|_Hotel Diablo_|
|2020|_Tickets to my Downfall_|
|2022|_Mainstream Sellout_|

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **origin**: Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Machine Gun Kelly
- **image**: Machine Gun Kelly (rapper) 03.jpg
- **caption**: Machine Gun Kelly in 2019
- **birth name**: Richard Colson Baker
- **alias**: MGK
- **birth place**: Houston, Texas, U.S.
- **education**: Shaker Heights High School
- **partner**: Megan Fox
(2020–present; engaged)
- **years active**: 2006–present
- **children**: 2
- **awards**: #Awards and nominations, Full list
The New York Zoo hoax

**The New York Zoo hoax** was a false story. The _New York Herald_ printed an untrue story about a fictional breakout of animals from the Central Park Zoo on November 9, 1874. It is also known as _The Central Park Zoo Escape_ and the _Central Park Menagerie Scare of 1874._

The article warned that dangerous animals were loose in the city. The article said that 49 people died and 200 were injured. Many readers panicked, even though the end of the story said that everything in it was not true. The authors later said they wanted to make people pay attention to weak safety precautions at the zoo. They said they were surprised at the strong reaction to their story.

## References

- Thomas Connery, "A Famous Newspaper Hoax." _Harper's Weekly_ (June 3, 1893)
- Fred Fedler, _Media Hoaxes_. Iowa State University Press, 1989
- Alex Boese, "The Central Park Zoo Escape." Museum of Hoaxes
Karl Dykhuis

**Karl Dykhuis** (born July 8, 1972 in Sept-Îles, Quebec) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman that played a combined 14 seasons in the NHL. He was drafted with the 16th overall pick by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1990 NHL Entry Draft. He played 2 seasons with the Chicago Blackhawks, 5 with the Philadelphia Flyers, 2 with the Tampa Bay Lightning and 5 with the Montreal Canadiens. He was named the QMJHL Defensive Rookie of the Year and was named to the QMJHL All-Rookie Team in 1989. He was also a World Junior U20 Gold Medalist in 1991.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks
Philadelphia Flyers
Tampa Bay Lightning
Montreal Canadiens
- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Defenceman (ice hockey), Defenceman
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lb**: 214
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **birth place**: Sept-Îles, Quebec, Canada
- **draft**: 16th overall
- **draft year**: 1990
- **draft team**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **career start**: 1991
- **career end**: 2004
Makinohara

**Makinohara** is a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is a coastal city on the island of Honshū next to Suruga Bay. Nearby cities are: Omaezaki, Kikugawa, Shimada, and Yoshida.

## Sister cities

- - Kelso, Washington, USA
- - Matsukawa, Nagano (Shimoina), Japan
- - Sannohe, Aomori, Japan
- - Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto, Japan

## People from Makinohara

- Takuma Edamura - professional soccer player
- Mika Motosugi - actress, member of C.C.Girls J-Pop group
- Umetaro Suzuki - scientist

## Infobox (settlement)

- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: Tea Plantation.jpg
- **image caption**: Tea plantations in Makinohara
- **image flag**: Flag of Makinohara, Shizuoka.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Makinohara, Shizuoka.svg
- **image map**: Makinohara in Shizuoka Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Makinohara in Shizuoka Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Chūbu region, Chūbu (Tōkai region, Tōkai)
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Shizuoka Prefecture
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Shigeki Nishihara
- **area total km2**: 111.68
- **population total**: 46040
- **population as of**: September 2014
- **population density km2**: 412
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec1**: City Symbols
- **blank1 name sec1**: - Tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: camellia sinensis
- **blank2 name sec1**: - Flower
- **blank2 info sec1**: hydrangea
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 548-23-0001
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 447 Shizunami, Makinohara-shi, Shizuoka-ken 421-0495
Yokkaichi

**Yokkaichi**  is a Japanese city in Mie Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It is a port near Nagoya.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2000.

## History

In the Edo period, _Yokkaichi-juku_ was 43rd of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (_shuku-eki_) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto.

In 1936, Yokkaichi hosted an international trade fair called "Exposition of Yokkaichi City".

## Sister cities

Yokkaichi has 2 sister cities.
- Long Beach, California (USA) - Since October 7, 1963
- Tianjin (China) - Since October 28, 1980

## People from Yokkaichi

- Katsuya Okada - Foreign Affairs Minister
- Takuya Okada - past chairman of AEON Group
- Katsuaki Watanabe - president of Toyota Motor Corporation

## Related pages

- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_

## Other websites

- Yokkaichi City website 
- Hiroshige prints, Yokkaichi

## Infobox (settlement)

- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Special cities of Japan, Special city
- **image skyline**: Yokkaichi City Office.jpg
- **image caption**: Yokkaichi City Hall
- **image flag**: Flag of Yokkaichi, Mie.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Yokkaichi, Mie.svg
- **image map**: Yokkaichi in Mie Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Yokkaichi in Mie Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name1**: Kansai region, Kansai, Tōkai region, Tōkai
- **subdivision name2**: Mie Prefecture
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Tomohiro Mori
- **area total km2**: 206.44
- **population total**: 306107
- **population as of**: August 2015
- **population density km2**: 1480
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec1**: City Symbols
- **blank1 name sec1**: - Tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: _Cinnamomum camphora_
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 059-354-8244
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 1-5 Suwa-chō, Yokkaichi-shi, Mie-ken 510-8601
- **blank2 name sec1**: - Flower
- **blank2 info sec1**: _Salvia splendens_
- **blank3 name sec1**: -Bird
- **blank3 info sec1**: Black-headed gull
Abiko, Chiba

**Abiko** (我孫子市, Abiko-shi) is a city in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is next to the Tone River.

## Neighboring cities

- Inzai, Chiba
- Kashiwa, Chiba
- Toride, Ibaraki
- Tone, Ibaraki

### Universities

- Chuo Gakuin University ()
- Kawamura Gakuen Women's University ()

## People from Abiko

- Aoki Isao (青木 功) - Professional golfer and member of the World Golf Hall of Fame
- Kiyoshi Matsumoto (松本清) - Business person, founder of the Matsumoto Kiyoshi drugstore chain, past mayor of Matsumoto, Chiba

## Other websites

- Abiko official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Abiko
- **native name**: 我孫子市
- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: City
- **image flag**: Flag of Abiko, Chiba.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Abiko, Chiba.svg
- **image map**: Abiko in Chiba Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: <small>Location of Abiko in Chiba Prefecture, Chiba</small>
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Kantō region, Kantō
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Chiba prefecture, Chiba
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Junichiro Hoshino (since January 2007)
- **area total km2**: 43.19
- **population total**: 134154
- **population as of**: February 2011
- **population density km2**: 3110
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec1**: City Symbols
- **blank1 name sec1**: -Tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: Zelkova serrata
- **blank2 name sec1**: - Flower
- **blank2 info sec1**: Azalea
- **blank3 name sec1**: - Bird
- **blank3 info sec1**: Eurasian Coot
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 04-7185-1111
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 1858 Banchi, Abiko-shi, Chiba-ken 270-1192
- **website**: [http://www.city.abiko.chiba.jp/ Abiko City]
Shimada, Shizuoka

**Shimada** is a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Honshū.

## Geography

Shimada is on the Shida Plain. Several rivers pass through Shimada including the Tochiyama River and the Õi River.

## Sister cities

- Himi, Toyama, Japan, from April 15, 1987
- Huzhou, Zhejiang, China, from May 1987
- Brienz, Switzerland, from August 10, 1986
- Richmond, California, USA, from December 1961. Shimada and Richmond have a student exchange program.

## People from Shimada

- Yuki Iwata (岩田 ユキ) - movie director

## Infobox (settlement)

- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: Horai-bridge1,Shimada-city,Japan.JPG
- **image caption**: Hōrai Bridge in Shimada
- **image flag**: Flag of Shimada, Shizuoka.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Shimada, Shizuoka.svg
- **image map**: Shimada in Shizuoka Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Shimada in Shizuoka Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Chūbu region, Chūbu (Tōkai region, Tōkai)
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Shizuoka Prefecture
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Someya Kinuyo
- **area total km2**: 315.70
- **population total**: 97540
- **population as of**: December 2016
- **population density km2**: 309
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec1**: Symbols
- **blank info sec1**:  
- **blank1 name sec1**: • Tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: _Osmanthus_
- **blank2 name sec1**: • Flowers
- **blank2 info sec1**: Rose, azalea
- **blank3 name sec1**: • Bird
- **blank3 info sec1**: Blue-and-white flycatcher
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 0547-37-8200
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 1-1 Chūō-chō, Shimada-shi, Shizuoka-ken 427-8501
Ōnojō

**Ōnojō** is a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is on the island of Kyūshū.

## People from Ōnojō

- Aska - musician
- Yu Eto - footballer
- Yuichi Honda - baseball player

## Infobox (city japan)

- **name**: Ōnojō
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image flag**: Flag of Onojo, Fukuoka.svg
- **image map**: Onojo in Fukuoka Prefecture Ja.svg
- **region**: Kyushu
- **prefecture**: Fukuoka Prefecture
- **mayor**: Muneji Imoto
- **area km2**: 26.89
- **population**: 99,965
- **population as of**: September 30, 2016
- **density km2**: 3717.65
- **tree**: Round leaf holly
- **flower**: Chinese bellflower
- **city hall address**: 2-2-1, Akebonomachi, Ōnojō-shi, Fukuoka-ken
- **city hall postal code**: 816-8510
Asakuchi, Okayama

**Asakuchi** (浅口市, Asakuchi-shi) is a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. It is on the main island of Honshū.

## Famous people from Asakuchi

- Hideo Nakata (Japanese: 中田 秀夫) - movie director, Ring (movie)

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Asakuchi
- **official name**: 浅口市
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Asakuchi city office.jpg
- **image caption**: Asakuchi city office
- **image flag**: Flag of Asakuchi, Okayama.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Asakuchi, Okayama.svg
- **image map**: Asakuchi in Okayama Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: <small>Location of Asakuchi in  Okayama Prefecture</small>
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Chugoku region, Chugoku (Sanyo region, Sanyo)
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Okayama Prefecture
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Yoshihiko Kuriyama (since April 2010)
- **area total km2**: 66.46
- **population total**: 36985
- **population as of**: June 30, 2011
- **population density km2**: 556.50
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec1**: City Symbols
- **blank1 name sec1**: - Tree
- **blank2 name sec1**: - Flower
- **blank3 name sec1**: - Bird
- **blank4 name sec1**: - Insect
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 0865-44-7000
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 3050 Rokujō-in Naka, Kamogata-machi, Asakuchi-shi, Okayama-ken
- **blank2 name sec2**: Postal
- **blank2 info sec2**: 719-0295
Erotic asphyxiation

**Erotic asphyxiation** is a sexual act where strangling is used to increase sexual pleasure. It can result in accidental death. If a person is doing it alone, it is called  **autoerotic asphyxiation**.

Autoerotic asphyxiation is a sexual act where someone restricts their own breathing for sexual pleasure.

It has been documented since about the 17th century. At first it was used as a treatment of erectile dysfunction. The idea for this most likely came from watching people who were executed by hanging. Observers at public hangings noted that male victims developed an erection, sometimes remaining after death (a death erection), and occasionally ejaculated when being hanged.

There are different methods to achieve the level of oxygen depletion needed. Examples include hanging, suffocation with a plastic bag over the head, and self-strangulation. or combination of these. Complicated devices are sometimes used to produce the desired effects. The practice can be dangerous even if performed with care. It has resulted in many accidental deaths. Uva (1995) writes "Estimates of the mortality rate of autoerotic asphyxia range from 250 to 1000 deaths per year in the United States." Cases have also been reported in Scandinavia and Germany. Swedish police reported in 1994 that the number of autoerotic asphyxiation fatalities in the Stockholm area (c. 1.7 million inhabitants) were at least five annually, but the number of unrecorded cases was assumed to be high. Autoerotic asphyxiation may often be mistaken for suicide, which is a major cause of death in teenagers.
Thomas Funck

**Thomas Funck** (26 October 1919, Linköping, Östergötland, Sweden – 30 December 2010) was a Swedish writer of children's literature. He is known for his stories about Charlie Strap and Froggy Ball.

## Filmography

- _Charlie Strapp Froggy Ball And Their Friends (film)_ (, 1956, voice)
- _Charlie Strapp and Froggy Ball Saves The Chicken (1987 Short Films)_ (, 1987, voice)
- _Charlie Strapp and Froggy Ball Flying High (1991 The Movie)_ (, 1991, voice)
Gord Wilson

**Gordon Allan Wilson** (born August 13, 1932) is a retired professional ice hockey player. He played two games in the National Hockey League.  He played with the Boston Bruins.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Left Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 185
- **played for**: Boston Bruins
- **birth place**: Port Arthur, Ontario, Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada
- **career start**: 1952
- **career end**: 1960
Percy Wickman

**Percy Dwight Wickman** (June 10, 1941 – July 3, 2004) was a Canadian politician and well-known activist for people with disabilities who was born in Thunder Bay, Ontario.

Wickman served as an alderman on Edmonton City Council from 1977 to 1986. He made the news when he was elected as Liberal MLA for Edmonton-Whitemud after unseating Alberta premier Don Getty in the 1989 election, despite the fact Getty had otherwise won a majority government. In 1993 election and 1997 election Wickman was re-elected as the MLA for Edmonton Rutherford. Wickman retired from politics in 2001.

Wickman died in 2004 due to a paraplegic-related illness.

## Other websites

- Embarrassment for Getty CBC Archives
- Death of Percy Wickman

## Infobox (canadianmp)

- **name**: Percy Wickman
- **birth name**: Percy Dwight Wickman
- **birth place**: Thunder Bay, Ontario
- **death place**: Edmonton, Alberta
- **spouse**: Silvia
- **office1**: Legislative Assembly of Alberta, Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta
- **constituency1**: Edmonton-Rutherford
- **successor1**: Ian McClelland
- **term start1**: 1993
- **term end1**: 2001
- **constituency2**: Edmonton-Whitemud
- **predecessor2**: Don Getty
- **successor2**: Mike Percy (politician), Mike Percy
- **term start2**: 1989
- **term end2**: 1993
- **profession**: activist, city councillor
- **party**: Alberta Liberal Party
Rob Whistle

**Robert Douglas Whistle** (born April 30, 1961) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played for the New York Rangers and St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Playing career

Whistle was signed as a free agent by the New York Rangers on August 13, 1985. He played 32 games for the Rangers before getting traded to St. Louis for Tony McKegney and Bruce Bell. After playing 19 games for the Blues, he was traded to the Washington Capitals. However, he played for their farm team the whole season, and he retired at the end of that season.

## Career statistics

|colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Regular season|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Playoffs||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1976–77|Thunder Bay Flyers|TBJHL|28|10|21|31|—|—|—|—|—|—|
|1977–78|Thunder Bay Flyers|TBJHL|28|28|30|58|—|—|—|—|—|—|
|1978–79|Thunder Bay Flyers|TBJHL|18|10|12|22|22|—|—|—|—|—|
|1979–80|Kitchener Rangers|OMJHL|55|2|5|7|68|—|—|—|—|—|
|1980–81|Kitchener Rangers|OHL|33|4|0|4|47|—|—|—|—|—|
|1982–83|Wilfrid Laurier University|CIAU|24|6|14|20|12|—|—|—|—|—|
|1983–84|Wilfrid Laurier University|CIAU|24|9|15|24|42|—|—|—|—|—|
|1984–85|Wilfrid Laurier University|CIAU|24|5|22|27|31|—|—|—|—|—|
|1985–86|New York Rangers|NHL|32|4|2|6|10|3|0|0|0|2|
|1985–86|New Haven Nighthawks|AHL|20|1|4|5|5|—|—|—|—|—|
|1986–87|New Haven Nighthawks|AHL|55|4|12|16|30|7|1|1|2|7|
|1987–88|St. Louis Blues|NHL|19|3|3|6|6|1|0|0|0|0|
|1987–88|Peoria Rivermen|IHL|39|5|21|26|21|—|—|—|—|—|
|1988–89|Baltimore Skipjacks|AHL|61|2|24|26|30|—|—|—|—|—|
|1988–89|Peoria Rivermen|IHL|4|0|1|1|4|—|—|—|—|—|

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 195
- **played for**: St. Louis Blues
New York Rangers
- **birth place**: Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- **draft**: _Undrafted_
- **career start**: 1985
- **career end**: 1989
James Whalen

**James Whalen** (April 29, 1869 – June 4, 1929) was a Canadian businessperson and entrepreneur based in Port Arthur, Ontario, now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario, with interests in the forest industries, shipbuilding, dredging, and towing. He began as a timber contractor in the 1890s, he built an impressive business empire in various Great Lakes marine businesses. With the help of his brothers he was less successful in entering the competitive British Columbia pulp and paper business that went bankrupt in 1925.

He was born in Collingwood, Ontario, April 29, 1869, to Joseph Whalen and Alice Broad, and died in Duluth, Minnesota June 4, 1929. His marriage to Laurel Conmee in 1896 allied his fortunes to her father, the formidable Ontario politician and contractor James Conmee.

He constructed the eight-storey Whalen building in Port Arthur in 1913.

## Companies associated with James Whalen

- Western Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company
- Port Arthur Shipbuilding Company, PASCO
- Great Lakes Dredging Company
- Canadian Towing and Wrecking Company
- Dominion Towing and Salvage Company
- Whalen Pulp and Paper Company (British Columbia)
- Canada West Coast Navigation Company
- Canada Pebble Company
ISG Business School

**Institut supérieur de gestion**, commonly named **ISG**, is a European higher studies establishment. The school is in three places, in Paris (France), in New-York (USA) and in Tokyo (Japan). ISG delivers Bachelor's degree, Master's degree and MBA.

ISG is specialist in the fields of economics, social sciences and management.

Since the 10th of April 2012, the school is member of the _Conférence des Grandes Écoles_.
Terry Watkinson

**Terry Watkinson** (born 1940 in what is now Thunder Bay, Ontario) was an artist, painter, illustrator, and musician.

After spending his youth in Thunder Bay and Iroquois Falls Ontario, Watkinson attended the University of Toronto for two years in the field of architecture, until he left to participate in the band Max Webster. Upon the dissolution of the band, he returned to the university to study medical illustration. After graduating with a Bachelor of Science, he taught the subject at the University of Toronto.

He gained national prominence as a keyboardist for rock group Max Webster during the 1970s and early 1980s.

He is also active as a painter of other subjects.  In 1993 he painted the cover of Klaatu's compilation album, Peaks.

## Other websites

- Terry Watkinson official site , accessed 16 February 2007
Western Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company

The **Western Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Company** operated at Port Arthur, Ontario, now part of Thunder Bay, on Lake Superior from its organization in October 1909 until its reorganization in November 1916 as the **Port Arthur Shipbuilding Company**. It was probably a subsidiary of the Cleveland-based American Ship Building Company until entrepreneur James Whalen took control in 1916. Whalen was president from 1909–1916.

Its dry dock and shops were located at Bare Point at the extreme eastern end of the Thunder Bay harbour. They were constructed in 1910. The first launching of a vessel was June 27, 1911, a scow or barge for the Great Lakes Dredging Company.

During the First World War, the company also produced shells and munitions for the Imperial Munitions Board. It also built Big Bull tractors in 1915.

## Ships built by the company

- Hamiltonian (steel package freighter, 1912)
- Calgarian (package freighter, 1913)
- Noronic (passenger steamer, 1913)
- Nasookin (passenger steamer, 1913)
- Sicamous (passenger steamer, 1914)
- W. Grant Morden (lake bulk carrier, 1914)
- Blaamyra (ocean freighter, 1916)
- Thorjerd (ocean freighter, 1916)
HMCS Fort Frances (J396)

**HMCS _Fort Frances_ (J396)** was an  that served in the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II.

## References

- Haze Gray and Underway
- ReadyAyeReady.com

## Infobox (ship begin)


## Infobox (ship image)

- **ship image**: Hmcsfortfrances.jpg
- **ship image size**: 300px
- **ship caption**: HMCS _Fort Frances_


## Infobox (ship career)

- **ship country**: Canada
- **ship name**: _Fort Frances_
- **ship namesake**: Fort Frances, Ontario
- **ship ordered**: 25 November 1942
- **ship builder**: Port Arthur Shipbuilding Company, Port Arthur Shipbuilding Company Ltd.
- **ship laid down**: 11 May 1943
- **ship launched**: 30 October 1943
- **ship commissioned**: 28 October 1944
- **ship decommissioned**: 3 August 1945


## Infobox (ship career)

- **hide header**: yes
- **ship recommissioned**: 23 October 1945
- **ship decommissioned**: 5 April 1946
- **ship honours**: Atlantic 1945
- **ship identification**: Pennant number: J396
- **ship fate**: Transferred to Department of Mines and Technical Surveys 1948
- **ship badge**: Azure, a unicorn's head erased argent, armed and crine, or langued gules, gorged with a plain collar of gold on which a plate edged or and charged with a maple leaf gules


## Infobox (ship characteristics)

- **ship displacement**: * (standard)
* (deep)
- **ship length**: Length overall, o/a
- **ship power**: *2 × Admiralty 3-drum boilers
*
- **ship propulsion**: *2 shafts
*2 Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion, vertical triple-expansion steam engines
- **ship range**: at
- **ship complement**: 85
- **ship armament**: *1 × QF 4 inch Mk V naval gun, QF  Mk V anti-aircraft gun
*4 × twin Oerlikon 20 mm cannon
*1 × Hedgehog (weapon), Hedgehog
Goh Keng Swee

**Goh Keng Swee** (; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Gô͘ Khèng-sūi; 6 October 1918 – 14 May 2010) was the second Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore between 1973 and 1984, and a Member of Parliament for the Kreta Ayer constituency for a quarter of a century.

Goh died in the early morning of 14 May 2010 at the age of 91. His body lay in state at Parliament House from 20 to 22 May. A state funeral was held on 23 May 2010 at the Singapore Conference Hall. After the ceremony, a private ceremony for family members was held at the Mandai Crematorium. As a mark of respect, the State flag was flown at half-mast from all Government buildings between 20 and 23 May.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Goh Keng Swee
吴庆瑞
- **alt**: Black and white photograph of the head and shoulders of a balding Chinese man in a suit and tie, smiling broadly
- **order**: 2nd
- **office**: Prime Minister of Singapore#List of deputy prime ministersDeputy Prime Minister of Singapore
- **term start**: 1 March 1973
- **term end**: 3 December 1984
- **primeminister**: Lee Kuan Yew
- **predecessor**: Toh Chin Chye
- **successor**: S. Rajaratnam
- **constituency**: Kreta Ayer
- **office2**: Ministry of Education (Singapore), Minister for Education
- **term2**: 12 February 1979 – 31 May 1980,
1 June 1981 – 3 December 1984
- **predecessor2**: Chua Sian Chin
- **successor2**: Tony Tan Keng Yam
- **order3**: 3rd
- **office3**: Ministry of Defence (Singapore)Minister for Defence
- **term start3**: 11 August 1970
- **term end3**: 11 February 1979
- **predecessor3**: Lim Kim San
- **successor3**: Howe Yoon Chong
- **order4**: 3rd
- **office4**: Ministry of Finance (Singapore)Minister for Finance
- **term start4**: 17 August 1967
- **term end4**: 10 August 1970
- **predecessor4**: Lim Kim San
- **successor4**: Hon Sui Sen
- **order5**: 1st
- **office5**: Minister for the Interior and Defence
- **term start5**: 9 August 1965
- **term end5**: 16 August 1967
- **predecessor5**: None (Post newly created)
- **successor5**: Lim Kim San
- **order6**: 1st
- **office6**: Ministry of Finance (Singapore)Minister for Finance
- **term start6**: 5 June 1959
- **term end6**: 8 August 1965
- **predecessor6**: None (Post newly created)
- **successor6**: Lim Kim San
- **birthname**: Robert **Goh** Keng Swee
- **birth date**: 6 October 1918
- **birth place**: Malacca, Straits Settlements
- **death place**: Singapore
- **nationality**: Singaporean
- **party**: People's Action Party
- **spouse**: Alice Woon (1942–1986), Dr. Phua Swee Liang (from 1991)
- **children**: Goh Kian Chee
- **alma mater**: Anglo-Chinese School (SC), Raffles College (Dip. A.), London School of Economics, LSE (Bachelor's degree#Business and management degrees, B.Sc. (Econ.), 1951; Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D., 1954)
- **serviceyears**: 1939?–1942
- **rank**: Corporal
- **unit**: Singapore Volunteer Corps