juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ballpoint pen

A **ballpoint pen** or **biro** (pronounced "BY-roe", named after its inventor László Bíró), is a modern kind of pen for writing. It uses oil-based ink of high viscosity. The ink is inside a long, thin tube inside the pen. When a person writes with it, the ink comes onto the small, ball-shaped tip of the unit. The ink dries almost as soon as it is on the paper.

Ballpoint pens may be cheap or expensive:
1. **Disposable pens** (ones that can be thrown away) are extremely cheap. They are made almost entirely of plastic. They can be thrown away once the ink is used up.
1. **Refillable pens** are often of better quality and cost more. The thin tube which has the ink and ball-shaped tip is called a "refill" and can be replaced more cheaply than the pen.

Before the ballpoint pen was invented people usually wrote with pens which were dipped into ink, or fountain pens which were filled with ink. When the ballpoint pen was invented, many people thought they were inferior to use because the user's handwriting was not as good. Children in school continued to use the old dip pens. However, ballpoint pens are cheaper and simpler to use than pens that need to be dipped in ink.

The ink in a ballpoint is different from the ink used in a dip or fountain pen. It is a paste. It has 25 to 40 per cent dye suspended in an oil-based solvent. The most common oils are benzyl alcohol or phenoxyethanol, which mix with the dyes to create a smooth paste that dries quickly. Common dyes in blue (and black) ink are Prussian blue, Victoria blue, methyl violet, crystal violet and phthalocyanine blue. The dye eosin is commonly used for red ink.

Biros have the advantage of being very cheap, and easily portable. As a gel or paste, the dye does not run and is stable. For the same reason, the dye needs harder pressure to write than a fountain pen does, sometimes very hard pressure. This is not true of **rollerball** pens, which are ballpoints that use water-based ink of low viscosity. And it is not true of pencils.

- The inventor László Bíró registered his invention of the ballpoint pen in 1938.
- Galileo was working on a draft for an invention similar to the ballpoint pen in the early 1600s.
- Société Bic is the biggest manufacturer of ballpoint pens, having sold more than 100,000,000,000 of them.
Spratly Islands

The **Spratly Islands**  are 100 small uninhabited islands in the South China Sea. Fish are an abundant resource around the islands. The countries of Brunei Darussalam, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam have a commercial interest in them. These countries share control of the islands but have varying claims of territory.

The islands are named after the British whaling captain Richard Spratly who saw Spratly Island in 1843.

The islands have less than 2 km<sup>2</sup> (490 acres) of land area. This is  spread over an area of more than .The biggest island is Taiping Dao. The island is also known as It Aba. It is about  long and about  wide at its widest point.
Sumba

**Sumba** is an island in Indonesia, and is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands. It has an area of 11,153 km², and the population was at about 611,422 people as of the year 2005. There is a dry season from May to November and a rainy season from December to April. Historically, this island exported sandalwood.
Gili Trawangan

**Gili Trawangan** is the largest of Lombok's Gili Islands. It is the only one to rise notably above sea level. It is  long and  wide. The island has a population of about 1000 people. Of the Gilis, Trawangan has the most tourist facilities. The pub Tîr na Nôg says that Trawangan is the smallest island in the world with an Irish pub. The most crowded part of Trawangan is on the eastern side.

On Gili Trawangan (as well as the other two Gilis), there are no motorized vehicles. The main means of transportation are bicycles (rented by the people who live on the island to tourists) and cidomo (a small horse pulled carriage). For traveling to and from each of the Gilis, motorized boats and speedboats are used.

Some of the first people to live on Gili Trawangan were from Sulawesi. They were fishermen and farmers. Before they came to Gili Trawangan, the island was covered in forest and deer lived there.

The economy of Gili Trawangan centres on tourism. The island is too small to support large amounts of agriculture. It is also too far away from other places to be useful for either industry or commerce.

## Related pages

- Gili Meno
- Gili Air
Gili Meno

**Gili Meno** is an island in Indonesia. It is the middle of Lombok's three Gilis. It has population of about 300, mainly concentrated  on the center of the island. The main income of the population comes from tourism, coconut plantation, and fishing. On the west side of the island there is a small shallow lake that produces salt in the dry season. Until a few years ago there was also a small production of seaweed on the reef at the north end of the island. It has good beaches for swimming and is the quietest of the Gili islands.

## Related pages

- Gili Air
- Gili Trawangan
Gili Air

**Gili Air** is one of three islands off the north coast of Lombok, known collectively as the Gili Islands. Gili Air means ‘Small Island with Water’ in the local Sasak language, as it is the only one of the Gili Islands that naturally has underground fresh water.

Gili Air was first settled by nomadic fishermen from Sulawesi. For a brief period during the Second World War, Japanese forces occupied the island. Relics from this period include the wreck of a patrol boat submerged in the bay to the south of Gili Air. In the 1980's, the island’s economy began to shift from traditional fishing and coconut plantations to tourism. The island now has a range of shops, restaurants and resorts that cater to visitors.

As motorized traffic is prohibited on Gili Air, the preferred methods of transportation are by foot, bicycle, or horse-drawn carriages known as Cidomos. Scuba diving is a popular activity on the island due to the abundance of marine life and coral formations. Turtles come to the east coast of the island to feed on seagrass and can frequently be seen near to the shore.

Both Bali and Lombok are easily visible from Gili Air in clear weather. Mount Rinjani is close by on neighbouring Lombok, and dominates views towards the east.

## Getting to Gili Air

Most people travel to Gili Air from Bali by taking boats from the ports of Pandangbai, Sanur, or Amed. Travellers can also fly to Lombok, then take a taxi to the harbour at Bangsal where public boats depart several times a day to Gili Air.

## Related pages

- Gili Meno
- Gili Trawangan

## Other websites

- Map of Gili Air
Cidomo

A **Cidomo** is a small horse-drawn carriage used on Indonesia's Gili Islands.
Grease (musical)

***Grease*** is a 1971 musical by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. It takes its name from the 1950s United States working-class culture known as the greasers. It is set in 1959 in a made-up school called Rydell High in Chicago and is about the romance between high schoolers Danny Zuko and Sandy Dumbrowski.

## Premieres

_Grease_ had its world premiere in Chicago in 1971. Its Broadway premiere occurred at the Broadhurst Theatre on 7 June 1972. It closed on 13 April 1980 after a run of 3,388 performances. It opened on the West End in 1973.
Ogoh-ogoh

An **Ogoh-ogoh**, a papier-mâché and wood puppet built on Bali for the New Year Holiday Nyepi. They are primarily constructed by young Balinese men and frequently depict caricatures of the many tourists. On the evening before Nyepi they are paraded about and then burnt. Nyepi is known as the day of silence.
Padangbai

**Padangbai** is a small town in eastern Bali, Indonesia. It serves as a ferry port for travel to Lombok, The Gilis and other of the Lesser Sunda Islands. It is also a lovely beach town that is popular with those who prefer a small town atmosphere over the large scale beach party that is Kuta.

Besides the beach near the ferry terminal there is a beach just to the north known locally as the _Blue Lagoon_ and the especially nice _Secret Beach_ just to the south of town. These pleasant beaches have clusters of small family owned warungs that will be glad to prepare a meal and serve beer.
Houten

**Houten** is a municipality in Utrecht province in the Netherlands. The population of the town in 2007 was about 45,000.

Houten lies on the railway line from Utrecht to Tiel and 's Hertogenbosch. In 2004, the railway line needed fixing, but the old station building was in the way. What was done is pretty unique: the old station building was lifted off its foundations, and moved a few hundred metres to new foundations.

Many people living in Houten have jobs in Utrecht. According to plans of the government, the city should grow to about 50.000 people by 2010.

People have lived in the area since Roman times.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Houten
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Gemeentehuis_NS-station_Houten_nederland.JPG
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Houten
- **image flag**: Flag of Houten.svg
- **image seal**: Houten wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Gilbert Isabella
- **area total km2**: 54.94
- **population total**: 35,976
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 654.8
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 3990–3999
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 030
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 0321
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
West Slavs

**West Slavs** are part of the Slavic peoples. Czechs, Kashubians, Poles, Slovaks, and Sorbs are West Slavs. The most of them are in three countries: in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. West Slavs' national languages are languages from West Slavic languages group.
WWE Judgment Day

**Judgment Day** was a series of professional wrestling pay-per-view events made World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) from 1998 to 2009. It was replaced by Over the Limit in 2010. In 2022, a stable of the same name formed in WWE.

## Dates and venues

|#|Event|Date|City|Venue|Main Event|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Judgment Day: In Your House|October 18, 1998|Rosemont, Illinois|Rosemont Horizon|The Undertaker vs. Kane for the vacant WWF Championship with Stone Cold Steve Austin as the special guest referee|
|2|Judgment Day (2000)|May 21, 2000|Louisville, Kentucky|Freedom Hall|The Rock (c) vs. Triple H in a 60-minute Iron Man match for the WWF Championship with Shawn Michaels as the special guest referee|
|3|Judgment Day (2001)|May 20, 2001|Sacramento, California|ARCO Arena|Stone Cold Steve Austin (c) vs. The Undertaker in a No Holds Barred match for the WWF Championship|
|4|Judgment Day (2002)|May 19, 2002|Nashville, Tennessee|Gaylord Entertainment Center|Hollywood Hulk Hogan (c) vs. The Undertaker for the Undisputed WWE Championship|
|5|Judgment Day (2003)|May 18, 2003|Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte Coliseum|Brock Lesnar (c) vs. Big Show in a Stretcher match for the WWE Championship|
|6|Judgment Day (2004)|May 16, 2004|Los Angeles, California|Staples Center|Eddie Guerrero (c) vs. John "Bradshaw" Layfield for the WWE Championship|
|7|Judgment Day (2005)|May 22, 2005|Minneapolis, Minnesota|Target Center|John Cena (c) vs. John "Bradshaw" Layfield in an "I quit" match for the WWE Championship|
|8|Judgment Day (2006)|May 21, 2006|Phoenix, Arizona|US Airways Center|Rey Mysterio (c) vs. John "Bradshaw" Layfield for the World Heavyweight Championship|
|9|Judgment Day (2007)|May 20, 2007|St. Louis, Missouri|Scottrade Center|John Cena (c) vs. The Great Khali for the WWE Championship|
|10|Judgment Day (2008)|May 18, 2008|Omaha, Nebraska|Qwest Center Omaha|Triple H (c) vs. Randy Orton in a Steel cage match for the WWE Championship|
|11|Judgment Day (2009)|May 17, 2009|Rosemont, Illinois|Allstate Arena|Edge (c) vs. Jeff Hardy for the World Heavyweight Championship|
|colspan="6"||||||

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (wrestling ppv series)

- **name**: WWE Judgment Day
- **brands**: WWE Raw, Raw (2002–2003, 2007–2009)
WWE SmackDown, SmackDown (2002–2009)
ECW (WWE), ECW (2007–2009)
- **promotions**: WWE, World Wrestling Entertainment
- **firstevent**: Judgment Day: In Your House (1998)
- **lastevent**: Judgment Day (2009), 2009
Tokugawa Ieyasu

was a Japanese shogun of the Edo period. His rule started in 1603 and ended in 1605. He is one of the most famous military commanders in Japan.

## Early life

At birth, his name was Matsudaira Takechiyo.

In 1562, he changed his name to Matsudaira Motoyasu. The second syllable -- _-yasu_ -- comes from the name of his grandfather Kiyoyasu.  A few months later, he changed his first name to the one by which he is known today.  The first syllable -- _ Ie-_ -- comes from the last part of the name of Minamoto Yoshile, who was a famous ancestor.  He received permission from the emperor to change his family name from Matsudaira to Tokugawa.

## Shogun

Ieyasu was the first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate.

## Other websites

- "Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542-1616)" at BBC History
Billy Graham Center

The **Billy Graham Center** was founded and opened in 1981 on the campus of Wheaton College. Named after Billy Graham, the center is the main place for many of Wheaton College's bible and theology classes. There are eleven areas of work focused on "Stimulating Global Evangelism" with 25-40 staff, carrying out the work.

## Other websites

- Official _Billy Graham Center_ website
Revival meeting

A **Revival meeting** is an event organised by Christian missionaries. The purpose of the meeting is to inspire people to convert to Christianity or to raise funds for the church. The name means to bring _revival_ (meaning to _reawaken_) to a group or area. It is most common in American Protestant churches.
Revival

**Revival** could mean:

- Revival (play) of a former hit play in a new production
- Revival (television) of a former television series
- Language revival of an extinct language
- Revivalism of religious fervor or fervent traditions
- Revival meeting, a Christian gathering
- Revival (sports team) of a defunct team
- Revival Centres International, a church group

- Music
- _Revival_ (Eminem album)
- _Revival_ (Reid Paley album), an album by Reid Paley
- _Revival_ (Gillian Welch album)
- _Revival_ (John Fogerty album)
- _Revival_ (Reverend Horton Heat album)
- _Revival_ (Petra album), released in 2001
- _Revival_ (Jully Black album)
- _Revival_, a song by The Allman Brothers Band
- Revival Records, a record label

- Architectural movements
- Colonial Revival architecture
- Egyptian Revival architecture
- Gothic Revival architecture
- Greek Revival architecture
- Mediterranean Revival Style architecture
- Romanesque Revival architecture
- Mission Revival Style architecture

- Others
- Aytayra _(Revival)_, a political party in Abkhazia
- The Revival (UK magazine), a magazine for British Muslims
Bob Jones, Sr.

**Bob Jones, Sr** (October 30, 1883—January 16, 1968)  was an American, Christian, Fundamentalist, evangelist, broadcaster, and founder of Bob Jones University. He was born the eleventh of twelve children to _William_ and _Georgia Jones_.

In 1905, Jones married Bernice Sheffield, who got tuberculosis and died within ten months of their marriage. On June 17, 1908, he married Mary Gaston Stollenwerck, whom he had met as a choir member. Their only child, Bob Jones, Jr. was born October 19, 1911 in Montgomery.

## Other websites

- Biography from the BJU website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bob Jones
- **image**: Bob Jones, Sr.jpg
- **birth name**: Robert Davis Reynolds Jones
- **death place**: Greenville, South Carolina
- **resting place**: Bob Jones University
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **occupation**: Evangelist
University administrator
- **title**: President of Bob Jones University
- **term**: 1927-47
- **successor**: Bob Jones, Jr.
- **spouse**: Mary Gaston Stollenwerck Jones
- **parents**: William Alexander Jones
Georgia Ann Creel Jones
Auditorium

An **auditorium** (plural ***auditoriums***, or less commonly ***auditoria***) is the room in a theatre, cinema, concert hall, or other place where the audience is located to hear or watch the show. Auditoriums are made with great sound. The sound is easily heard by everyone in the auditorium.
Pulpit

A **pulpit** (from Latin _pulpitum_ "scaffold", "platform", "stage") is a small lifted platform where a member of the clergy stands to read a Gospel lesson, or give a sermon. In some Protestant churches, the _pulpit_ is thought to be the most important piece of furniture in the sanctuary.
Level crossing

A **level crossing** (also called a **grade crossing**, a **railway crossing**, or a **railroad crossing**)  is a place where a railway line and a road meet each other on the same level. This means that the grades (the road and the track) are not separated by using a bridge or a tunnel. Usually, there are signs indicating the crossing. There may also be barriers/gates that go down before a train passes.

Depending on how much traffic there is, there are different measures to make the crossing more secure:
- Signs or panels, indicating the crossing
- Blinking or steady lights
- Sounds (usually a warning bell)
- Gates/barriers that are lowered before a train passes

Since level crossings are dangerous (there are many accidents), they are usually reworked into grade separated crossings when there is more traffic, or high speed trains.

## Related pages

- Billups Neon Crossing Signal
Macaulay Culkin

**Macaulay Macaulay Culkin Culkin** (born **Macaulay Carson Culkin**; ) is an American actor, voice actor and musician. He is perhaps most notable and best notable for his prominent kiddie roles in the first two _Home Alone_ movies as Kevin McCallister. These blockbuster movies still continue to be very popular with many American audiences to this day onwards much to a cult following. His parents are Patricia Brentrup and Christopher 'Kit' Culkin.

## Acting career

Culkin began acting ever since at the age of 4 when he then became famous and well known around the world in 1990 as a Hollywood child star when _Home Alone_ was released. In the movie, Culkin played the main character, Kevin McCallister. He reprised the role of Kevin in the second film. He was then nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor on Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. Culkin mysteriously dropped out of acting at the age of 14, but later returned at the age of 23 for in a couple of movies as a recurring adult actor.

### Pizza Underground

In 2012, Culkin had founded and started up an anti-folk band called The Pizza Underground. This musical band plays songs which are related to about pizza.

### Relationships

In 1998, Culkin married Rachel Miner. In 2000, Culkin and Miner divorced because Culkin had decided and wanted to go back acting again as a new recurring adult actor.
Culkin has then dated actress Mila Kunis from May 2002 to 2011. Culkin also dated Jordana Lane Price.

In 2017, Culkin began a relationship with singer and actress Brenda Song. They have a son together named Dakota Song Culkin, born in 2021.

### Friendship with Michael Jackson

At around the same time that _Home Alone_ was released, Culkin also became very good friends with the late Hollywood singer and King of Pop Michael Jackson. He has also acted in Jackson's 1991 "Black or White" music video. In 2005, Culkin testified and had said at Jackson's trial for charges of child molestation that he had once slept in Jackson's bedroom but was never molested or touched in improper ways. Culkin also attended Jackson's burial and death memorial which was then held on October 6, 2012. He is also the godfather of Jackson's 2 older children with Debbie Rowe, Prince and Paris Jackson.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Macaulay Culkin
- **image**: Macaulay Culkin singing (2010).jpg
- **caption**: Macaulay Culkin in 2010
- **birthname**: Macaulay Carson Culkin
- **birth place**: New York City, United States, U.S.
- **yearsactive**: 1985─1994
 2003─present
- **spouse**: Rachel Miner
(married 1998─2002, divorced)
- **partner**: Mila Kunis (2002─2010)
Brenda Song (2017─present)
- **children**: 2
- **occupation**: Actor, comedian, musician, writer, voice actor
Tencent QQ

Tencent QQ also known as **QQ**, is a popular instant messaging software in mainland China. It was created by Tencent Inc. in 1999.

Source codes for the software were taken from AOL/ICQ.

QQ source Codes:

`#ifdef __QQ_SUPPORT__`

`#include "IM_QQ_prot.h"`

`#endif  //__QQ_SUPPORT__`

## Languages

Tencent QQ is a multilingual web page, offering languages such as: English, French, Japanese, Spanish, German & Korean.
For users who do not speak Chinese, translations are also available in 50 different languages.

## Facts

- Tencent has become the prime Internet Establishment in China and has been named by Markey Cap the world’s 4th major web page, right after Google, Amazon & facebook.

- Facebook happens to be the largest social network online, buy QQ comes in 2nd in the world.

- As of May 2012 QQ has received 750+ million active users on the website.

- QQ.com has the largest pageviews and userviews in China, and is the No.1 portal.

## References

- http://www.imqq.com/about.html
Princess Jasmine

**Princess Jasmine** is a fictional character of in the movie _Aladdin_.

## Life

Jasmine was born in Agrabah, in the royal Place. She lived surrounded by all kinds of luxuries,comforts and she had as her only friend the tiger;Rajah. She lost her mother early in life (when not mentioned) and, hence, was educated by her father, the Sultan. She was happy until the day that the Sultan tried to force her to marry before her 16th birthday.

Unhappy about being forced to marry, Jasmine fled the palace. In the streets, she finds out that Aladdin is arrested for stealing. Later, Jafar takes the control of the city of Agrabah, reducing Jasmine to the position of a slave. Aladdin arrives and defeats Jafar. Jasmine realizes that she loves Aladdin and the two decide to marry. She has since married and has become queen.
Fürstenfeldbruck (district)

**Fürstenfeldbruck** is a rural district in Upper Bavaria in south Bavaria, Germany.

## Towns and municipalities

|align=left width=33%|Towns|align=left width=33%|Municipalities|align=left width=33%||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||#Fürstenfeldbruck #Germering #Olching #Puchheim||#Adelshofen #Alling #Althegnenberg #Egenhofen #Eichenau #Emmering #Grafrath #Gröbenzell #Hattenhofen #Jesenwang||<ol start=11> <li> Kottgeisering <li> Landsberied <li> Maisach <li> Mammendorf <li> Mittelstetten <li> Moorenweis <li> Oberschweinbach <li> Schöngeising <li> Türkenfeld </ol>|

## Other websites

- Official website
- Regional news platform for the Landkreis Fürstenfeldbruck

## Infobox (district de)

- **name**: Fürstenfeldbruck
- **image coa**: Wappen des Landkreises Fürstenfeldbruck.svg
- **image flag**: Hissflagge des Landkreises Fürstenfeldbruck.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **regierungsbezirk**: Upper Bavaria
- **region**: Munich
- **capital**: Fürstenfeldbruck
- **area**: 435
- **kreisschlüssel**: 09179
- **population**: 213481
- **population as of**: 2015
- **carsign**: FFB
- **url**: http://www.lra-ffb.de
José Zorrilla y Moral

**José Zorrilla y Moral** (February 21, 1817 - January 23, 1893), was a Spanish Romantic poet and dramatist.
Ottobrunn

**Ottobrunn** is a municipality in the Munich Rural District. It was started in 1955. The German headquarters of the EADS are there.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Ottobrunn COA.svg
- **image plan**: Ottobrunnlkrm.svg
- **image photo**: Ottobrunn St. Otto von Osten.jpg
- **image caption**: Saint Otto Church
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Upper Bavaria
- **district**: Munich
- **elevation**: 557
- **area**: 5.23
- **population**: 20609
- **stand**: 2012-12-31
- **postal code**: 85521
- **area code**: 089
- **licence**: M
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 84 136
- **mayor**: Thomas Loderer
- **party**: CSU
Ja'far

**Ja'far** may mean:

In **fictional characters**
- Jafar (Disney), a character in Disney's movie _Aladdin_
- Jaffar (Fire Emblem), a character Fire Emblem video game series
- Jaffar, the evil Grand Vizier in the Prince of Persia video game series

In **historical persons**
- Ja'far ibn Abu Talib (died 629), cousin and companion of Muhammad
- Ja'far al-Sadiq (702-765), sixth Shi'i Imam
- Ja'far ibn Yahya (767 - 803), the vizier of Caliph Harun al-Rashid
- Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (787-886), Persian scholar
- Khawlah bint Ja'far

In **people**
- Mir Jafar, second son of Sayyid Ahmad Najafi
- Jafar Khan (died 1789), shah of Persia (1785-1789)
- Jafar al-Askari (1887–1936), prime minister of Iraq
- Onn Jaafar (1895-1962), Malay politician
- Jafar Sharif-Emami ((1910-1998)), Prime minister of Iran
- Jafar Pishevari (died 1947), Azerbaijani politician
- Jafar Zafarani (born 1947), Iranian mathematician
- Jafar Panahi (born 1960), Iranian filmmaker

## Related pages

- Gaafar Nimeiry (born 1930), President of Sudan (1971-1985)
Aying

**Aying** is a municipality  in the Munich Rural District in Bavaria, Germany. The Ayinger Brewery is there.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Aying COA.svg
- **image photo**: Aying, Pfarrkirche Sankt Andreas foto4 2012-08-06 12.34.jpg
- **image caption**: Church of Saint Andrew at Aying
- **image plan**: Ayinglkrm.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Upper Bavaria
- **district**: Munich
- **elevation**: 550-675
- **area**: 44.98
- **population**: 4258
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 85653
- **area code**: 08095, 08102, 08063
- **licence**: M
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 84 137
- **divisions**: 19 Gemeindeteile
- **mayor**: Johann Eichler
Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn

**Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn** (Central Bavarian: _Hähakircha-Siegertsbrunn_) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany. It is south of Munich. It is the municipality with the longest name in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Siegertsbrunn, kerktoren in straatzicht 2012-08-06 11.33.jpg
- **image caption**: Siegertsbrunn, church tower in the street
- **image coa**: DEU Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn COA.svg
- **image plan**: Hoehenkirchen-siegertsbrunnlkrm.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Munich
- **elevation**: 586
- **area**: 15.19
- **population**: 9272
- **stand**: 2006-06-30
- **postal code**: 85635
- **area code**: 08102
- **licence**: M
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 84 127
- **divisions**: 3 Ortsteile
- **mayor**: Ursula Mayer
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Bürgermeisterin
- **party**: CSU
Habitation at Port-Royal

The **Habitation at Port-Royal** was an early French colonial settlement. Today it is a National Historic Site in Port Royal in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

## The settlement

Port Royal was founded by the French explorer Champlain after half of his men had died of Scurvy in his first settlement. Champlain worked with the Algonquain tribe to found Port Royal and, in return, fought with them and the Hurons against the Iroquoians.

In May, 1613 the Jesuits moved on to the Penobscot River valley and in July, the settlement was attacked by Samuel Argall of Virginia.  Argall returned in November that same year and burned the Habitation down while the settlers were away nearby.  Poutrincourt returned from France in spring 1614 and found _Port-Royal_ in ruins. The settlers were living with the Mi'kmaq.  Poutrincourt then gave his holdings to his son and returned to France.  Poutrincourt's son gave the settlement to Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour upon his own death in 1623.

## Replica construction

A replica of the settlement was built in 1939-1940.  Today, this replica serves as the cornerstone of Port-Royal National Historic Site of Canada, and together with the nearby Fort Anne National Historic Site of Canada in Annapolis Royal, continues to remind of this important historic region for Canadians and visitors.

## Other websites

- Censuses of Canada - 1665 to 1871 - Early French Settlements
- Port-Royal National Historic Site of Canada
- Acadian Ancestral Home - repository of Acadian history and genealogy
- Saint Croix Island International Historic Site
- An Essay on Port Royal
Wang Xiaobo

**Wang Xiaobo** (; pinyin: Wáng Xiǎobō; May 13, 1952 – April 11, 1997) was a famous writer in mainland China. His most famous book is called _Golden Time_. It was published in 1994.

Wang was born in Beijing, China. In 1972, he became a teacher in the Shandong province. In 1978, he started studying at the Renmin University of China.

## Related pages

- List of Chinese writers
Chengdu

**Chengdu** (also called The Hibiscus City), is the fifth largest city in the  People's Republic of China. It is the capital of Sichuan province and is on top of the Chengdu Plain. The city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. The city has a famous food culture, so much so that UNESCO awarded the city as a City of Gastronomy. Chengdu is known for hot pot and teahouses and for adding chili peppers in much of their food.
Hohenbrunn

**Hohenbrunn** (Central Bavarian: _Hohabrunn_) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Hohenbrunn COA.svg
- **image photo**: St. Stephanus Hohenbrunn-1.jpg
- **image caption**: The church of St. Stephanus at Hohenbrunn
- **image plan**: Hohenbrunnlkrm.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Upper Bavaria
- **district**: Munich
- **elevation**: 568
- **area**: 16.82
- **population**: 8726
- **stand**: 2014-06-30
- **postal code**: 85662, 85521
- **area code**: 08102, 089
- **licence**: M
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 84 129
- **mayor**: Stefan Straßmair
- **party**: CSU
Neubiberg

**Neubiberg** (Central Bavarian: _Neibiberg_) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany. The university of the Bundeswehr is there.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Unterbiberg Hachinger Bach-2.jpg
- **image caption**: Unterbiberg with the church of St. Georg and the Hachinger Bach
- **image coa**: DEU Neubiberg COA.svg
- **image plan**: Neubiberglkrm.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Munich
- **elevation**: 547-555
- **area**: 5.77
- **population**: 13702
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 85579
- **area code**: 089
- **licence**: M
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 84 146
- **mayor**: Günter Heyland
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Bürgermeister
- **party**: Freie Wähler N@U
Brunnthal

**Brunnthal** (Central Bavarian: _Brunntoi_) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Brunnthal COA.svg
- **image plan**: Brunnthallkrm.svg
- **image photo**: St. Nikolaus Brunnthal-1.jpg
- **image caption**: Saint Nicholas Church
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Munich
- **elevation**: 592
- **area**: 26.92
- **population**: 4666
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 85649
- **area code**: 08102, 08104
- **licence**: M
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 84 114
- **mayor**: Stefan Kern
- **party**: CSU
Putzbrunn

**Putzbrunn** (Central Bavarian: _Butzbrunn_) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Putzbrunn
- **type**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Putzbrunn Rathaus.jpg
- **image caption**: Rathaus (City Hall) in Putzbrunn
- **image coa**: DEU Putzbrunn COA.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Upper Bavaria
- **district**: Munich
- **image plan**: Putzbrunnlkrm.svg
- **elevation**: 553
- **postal code**: 85640
- **area code**: 089
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 84 140
- **mayor**: Edwin Klostermeier
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Bürgermeister
- **party**: SPD
- **year**: ~996
Unterföhring

**Unterföhring** (Central Bavarian: _Untafering_) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany. Many media companies are in Unterföhring, for example ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG and Sky Deutschland.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Unterfoehring COA.svg
- **image photo**: Unterföhring train station.JPG
- **image caption**: Train station
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Munich
- **elevation**: 508
- **area**: 12.80
- **population**: 7887
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09184147
- **postal code**: 85774
- **area code**: 089
- **licence**: M
- **mayor**: Andreas Kemmelmeyer
- **website**: [http://www.unterfoehring.de www.unterfoehring.de]
Fur trade

The **fur trade** is a worldwide industry dealing in the gain and sale of animal bodies, or parties. It is still a on going tradition. The North American fur trade flourished for 250 years. This long time can be roughly divided into three sections:
- the "French Era" from 1600 to 1760 _(See Coureur de bois)_
- the "British Era" from 1760 to 1816
- the "American Era" from 1816 to 1850 _(See John Jacob Astor)_

Before the colonization of the Americas, Russia was a major fur supplier of Western Europe and parts of Asia.
The North American fur trade was a central part of the early history of contact in The New World (North America) between European-Americans and Native Americans in the United States and First Nations in Canada.

The North American fur trade flourished for 250 years. This long time can be roughly divided into three sections:
- the "French Era" from 1600 to 1760 _(See Coureur de bois)_
- the "British Era" from 1760 to 1816
- the "American Era" from 1816 to 1850 _(See John Jacob Astor)_

One of the earliest companies in the fur trade business was the Hudson's Bay Company, which was created by an English royal charter in 1670. The company still exists today, but now works in the retail business and operates a number of department stores in Canada, the United States and all around the world.

Before the colonization of the Americas, Russia was a major fur supplier of Western Europe and parts of Asia.
The North American fur trade was a central part of the early history of contact in The New World (North America) between European-Americans and Native Americans in the United States and First Nations in Canada.

The North American fur trade flourished for 250 years. This long time can be roughly divided into three sections:
- the "French Era" from 1600 to 1760 _(See Coureur de bois)_
- the "British Era" from 1760 to 1816
- the "American Era" from 1816 to 1850 _(See John Jacob Astor)_

One of the earliest companies in the fur trade business was the Hudson's Bay Company, which was created by an English royal charter in 1670. The company still exists today, but now works in the retail business and operates a number of department stores in Canada, the United States and all around the world.

## References

- Barbara Huck (2000) Exploring the Fur Trade Routes of North America  (2nd Ed: May 2002)

## Other websites

- The Canadian Museum of Civilization - Great Fur Trade Canoes
- A Brief History of the Fur Trade
- History of the Fur Trade in Wisconsin
- Museum of the Fur Trade, Chadron, Nebraska USA
Argyle, Wisconsin

**Argyle** is a village in Lafayette County, Wisconsin, United States. There were 783 people living in Argyle as of the year 2020. The village can be found inside the Town of Argyle.  The United States Census Bureau says that the village has an area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km²).

## Other websites

- The Village of Argyle, Wisconsin website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Argyle, Wisconsin
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: WIMap-doton-Argyle.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Argyle, Wisconsin
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of the United States, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wisconsin
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wisconsin, County
- **subdivision name2**: Lafayette County, Wisconsin, Lafayette
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 1.6
- **area land km2**: 1.6
- **area water km2**: 0.0
- **area total sq mi**: 0.6
- **area land sq mi**: 0.6
- **area water sq mi**: 0.0
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2020, 2020
- **population total**: 783
- **population density km2**: 480.6
- **population density sq mi**: 1244.8
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 246
- **elevation ft**: 807
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 55-02675
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1582711
Miyuki Komatsu

is a Japanese actress.

She has acted in:
- _Death Note_ and _Death Note: The Last Name_: Sanami
- _Oh! Oku_
Aschheim

**Aschheim** (Central Bavarian: _Oscham_, _Aschhoam_) is a municipality in the district of the Munich Rural District.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Aschheim COA.svg
- **image plan**: Aschheimlkrm.svg
- **image photo**: Aschheim-Rathaus.jpg
- **image caption**: Town hall
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Munich
- **elevation**: 512
- **area**: 28.04
- **population**: 6879
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 85609
- **area code**: 089
- **licence**: M
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 84 112
- **divisions**: 2 Ortsteile
- **mayor**: Thomas Glashauser
NetSolve

**NetSolve** is an information technology company in the United States. Cisco Systems took it over on September 9, 2004.

## Infobox (company)

- **type**: Subsidiary
- **foundation**: United States
- **location**: United States
- **industry**: Computer networking
- **parent**: Cisco Systems
Third-person shooter

**Third-person shooter** is a genre of video games in which the players character is seen from a distance. A first-person shooter is where the player plays as if they _are_ the character. In a third person shooter the player _controls_ the character. Some examples of a third-person shooter are the Grand Theft Auto series and Mafia.
For PSP can also have Socom Fireteam Bravo Also with the Syphon Filter series with first person scope aim.
Wagoner County, Oklahoma

**Wagoner County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 80,981 people lived there.  Its county seat is Wagoner.

## Bordering counties

- Rogers County  (northwest)
- Mayes County  (northeast)
- Cherokee County  (east)
- Muskogee County  (south)
- Tulsa County  (west)

## National Register  of Historic Places sites

The following sites in Wagoner County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Wagoner County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **founded year**: 1907
- **seat wl**: Wagoner
- **largest city wl**: Coweta
- **area total sq mi**: 591
- **area land sq mi**: 562
- **area water sq mi**: 29
- **area percentage**: 4.9%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 80981
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: www.ok.gov/wagonercounty
- **named for**: Henry "Bigfoot" Wagoner
- **ex image**: Wagoner County Oklahoma Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Wagoner County Courthouse in Wagoner
- **district**: 1st
- **district2**: 2nd
Tulsa County, Oklahoma

**Tulsa County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 669,279 people lived there. The county seat is Tulsa. It has the second most people of any county in Oklahoma, after Oklahoma County.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 587 square miles.

## Bordering counties

- Washington County  (north)
- Rogers County  (northeast)
- Wagoner County  (southeast)
- Okmulgee County  (south)
- Creek County  (west)
- Pawnee County & Osage County  (northwest)

## Unincorporated Communities

- Berryhill
- Turley
- Oakhurst

## NRHP Sites

The following sites in Tulsa County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

## Other websites

- Tulsa County website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Tulsa County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **flag**: Flag of Tulsa County, Oklahoma.svg
- **founded year**: 1907
- **seat wl**: Tulsa
- **largest city wl**: Tulsa
- **area total sq mi**: 587
- **area land sq mi**: 570
- **area water sq mi**: 17
- **area percentage**: 2.9%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 669,279
- **density sq mi**: 1134
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: www.tulsacounty.org
- **named for**: city of Tulsa, Oklahoma, Tulsa
- **ex image**: Tulsa County Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Tulsa County Courthouse
- **district**: 1st
National Register of Historic Places

The **National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)** is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects (all called "properties") worthy of preservation. The list is kept by the National Park Service.  The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) created the National Register and the method for adding properties to it. There are more than one million properties on the National Register, 80,000 are listed by themselves.  The rest of the properties are smaller "contributing properties" that are part of historic districts. Each year around 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or through individual listings. A few are National Historic Landmarks.

## Other websites

- National Register of Historic Places
Wagoner, Oklahoma

**Wagoner** is a city in Wagoner County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 7,621 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Wagoner County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Wagoner, Oklahoma
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: " Proud Of Our Past Confident In Our Future "
- **image map**: OKMap-doton-Wagoner.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Wagoner, Oklahoma
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oklahoma
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Oklahoma, County
- **subdivision name2**: Wagoner County, Oklahoma, Wagoner
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 25.94
- **area land km2**: 25.93
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **area total sq mi**: 10.02
- **area land sq mi**: 10.01
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 7621
- **population density km2**: 293.90
- **population density sq mi**: 761.19
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 180
- **elevation ft**: 591
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 74467, 74477
- **area code**: area codes 539 and 918, 539/918
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 40-77850
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1099288
- **website**: [http://wagonerok.org/ Wagoner, Oklahoma]
Muskogee County, Oklahoma

**Muskogee County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 66,339 people lived there.  Its county seat is Muskogee.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 840 square miles.

## Bordering counties

- Wagoner County  (north)
- Cherokee County  (northeast)
- Sequoyah County  (east)
- Haskell County  (southeast)
- McIntosh County  (southwest)
- Okmulgee County  (west)

## NRHP sites

The following sites in Muskogee County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Muskogee County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **founded year**: 1907
- **seat wl**: Muskogee
- **largest city wl**: Muskogee
- **area total sq mi**: 840
- **area land sq mi**: 810
- **area water sq mi**: 29
- **area percentage**: 3.5%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 66339
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **named for**: Muscogee Nation
- **district**: 2nd
- **ex image**: Muskogee County Courthouse.JPG
- **ex image cap**: Muskogee County Courthouse
Polans

**The Polans** were a West Slavic tribe that lived in Greater Poland. Polans united other Polish tribes and created Poland. The first Catholic ruler of the Polans was Mieszko I. Here is an extract of Helmold's Chronica Slavorum:

"_Slavorum igitur populi multi sunt habitantes in litore Balthici maris. Sinus huius maris ab occidentali occeano orientem versus porrigitur. Appellatur ideo Balthicus (...) idemque mare barbarum seu pelagus Schiticum vocatur a gentibus, quas alluit, barbaris. Hoc mare multae circumsedent naciones. Dani siquidem ac Sueones, quos Northmannos vocamus, septentrionale litus et omnes in eo continent insulas. At litus australe Slavorum incolunt nationes, quorum ab oriente primi sunt Ruci, deinde Polani, habentes a septentrione Pruzos, ab austro Boemos et eos qui dicuntur Marahi sive Karinthi atque Sorabi._"

in English, it means:

"_There are a lot of Slavic tribes, that live on the coast of the Baltic Sea. The bay of this sea is directed from the west ocean to east. It's called Baltic (...) This sea is also called barbarian or Scythian from the barbarian tribes, that is failing. There are a lot of tribes that live around this sea; namely Danes and Swedes, which we call Normans, they live on the northern coast and all of the isles. Southern coast inhabit Glavic tribes, the first of them are Rus'; there are also Polans, that border in the north with Prussians, on the south with Czechs, and these, that are calling themselves Moravians or Carynthians and Sorbians._"
Cherokee County, Oklahoma

**Cherokee County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, the population was 47,078.  Its capital city is Tahlequah.

## Geography

The county has a total area of 776 square miles.

## Bordering counties

- Delaware County  (north)
- Adair County  (east)
- Sequoyah County  (south)
- Muskogee County  (southwest)
- Wagoner County  (west)
- Mayes County  (northwest)

## NRHP sites

The following sites in Cherokee County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Cherokee County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **ex image**: Cherokee National Capitol.jpg
- **ex image size**: 300px
- **ex image cap**: Cherokee National Capitol in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, Tahlequah.
- **founded year**: 1907
- **seat wl**: Tahlequah
- **largest city wl**: Tahlequah
- **area total sq mi**: 776
- **area land sq mi**: 749
- **area water sq mi**: 27
- **area percentage**: 3.5%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 47078
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **named for**: Cherokee Nation
- **time zone**: Central
- **district**: 2nd
Mayes County, Oklahoma

**Mayes County** is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2020, 39,046 people lived there.  Its county seat is Pryor, also known as Pryor Creek.

## Bordering counties

- Craig County  (north)
- Delaware County  (east)
- Cherokee County  (southeast)
- Wagoner County  (south)
- Rogers County  (west)

## NRHP Sites

The following sites in Mayes County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:
- Cabin Creek Battlefield, Pensacola
- Farmers and Merchants Bank, Chouteau
- Lewis Ross/Cherokee Orphan Asylum Springhouse, Salina
- Pensacola Dam, Langley
- Territorial Commercial District, Chouteau
- Union Mission Site, Mazie

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Mayes County
- **state**: Oklahoma
- **ex image**: Pensacola Dam USACE.jpg
- **ex image size**: 300px
- **ex image cap**: Pensacola Dam on the Neosho River in-between Disney, Oklahoma, Disney and Langley, Oklahoma, Langley on Oklahoma State Highway 28, creating Grand Lake o' the Cherokees.
- **founded year**: 1907
- **founded date**: November 16
- **seat wl**: Pryor Creek
- **largest city wl**: Pryor Creek
- **area total sq mi**: 684
- **area land sq mi**: 655
- **area water sq mi**: 28
- **area percentage**: 4.1%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 39046
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: mayes.okcounties.org
- **named for**: Samuel Houston Mayes
- **district**: 2nd