juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Digne-les-Bains

**Digne-les-Bains** is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the south-east of France. It is also the capital of the department.

## Twin towns

Digne is twinned with:
- Bad Mergentheim, Germany
- Borgomanero, Italy

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Digne-les-Bains
- **commune status**: Prefectures of France, Prefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason DignelesBains.svg
- **image**: Digne les bains - vue est.jpg
- **caption**: A general view of Digne-les-Bains in 2014
- **arrondissement**: Digne-les-Bains
- **canton**: Canton of Digne-les-Bains-1, Digne-les-Bains-1 and Canton of Digne-les-Bains-2, 2
- **insee**: 04070
- **postal code**: 04000
- **mayor**: Patricia Granet Brunello
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **intercommunality**: Asse Bleone Verdon
- **elevation m**: 608
- **elevation min m**: 524
- **elevation max m**: 1731
- **area km2**: 117.07
- **population**: 17268
- **population date**: 2008
Gap, Hautes-Alpes

**Gap** is a _commune_ in the Hautes-Alpes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. It is the _préfecture_ (capital), and main city, of the department.

Gap is the highest prefecture (departmental capital) of France; the city is in a valley whose bottom is at an altitude of about  above sea level.

## Geography

Gap is in the south central part of the Hautes-Alpes department. The _Luye_, a tributary of the Durance river, flows through the city.

It has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The distances from Gap to other cities are:
- Paris, the national capital - ;
- Marseille, the regional capital - ;
- Strasbourg - ;
- Reims - ;
- Bordeaux - ;
- Toulouse - ;
- Montpellier - ;
- Lyon - ;
- Nice - .

The _commune_ of Gap is surrounded by 17 _communes_: Laye, Saint-Laurent-du-Cros, Forest-Saint-Julien, La Rochette, Rambaud, Jarjayes, Neffes, Châteauvieux, Lettret, Pelleautier, La Roche-des-Arnauds, La Freissinouse, La Fare-en-Champsaur, Poligny, Le Noyer, Le Dévoluy, Rabou

### Climate

The climate of Gap, in the Köppen climate classification, is **Cfb** - Oceanic climate with template summers.

## Population

The inhabitants of Gap are known, in French, as _Gapençais_ (women: _Gapençaises_).

With a population of 40,225, Gap has a population density of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

**Evolution of the population in Gap**

Gap forms with La Rochette the urban area of Gap with a population of 40,700 inhabitants (2014) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Gap, formed by 39 _communes_, with a population of 62,567 inhabitants (2014) and an area of .

## Administration

Gap is the prefecture of the Hautes-Alpes department, the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Gap and the administrative centre () of four cantons:
- Gap-1 formed by a part of Gap, with 9,895 inhabitants <small>(2014)</small>.
- Gap-2 formed by a part of Gap, with 10,743 inhabitants <small>(2014)</small>.
- Gap-3 formed by a part of Gap, with 10,346 inhabitants <small>(2014)</small>.
- Gap-4 formed by a part of Gap, with 9,241 inhabitants <small>(2014)</small>.

It is part of the intercommunality _Gap-Tallard-Durance_ ().

### Twin towns

Gap is twinned with:

- Pinerolo, Italy, since 1966;
- Traunstein, Germany, since 1976.

## Related pages

- Arrondissements of the Hautes-Alpes department
- Communes of the Hautes-Alpes department

## Other websites

- Ville de Gap - official website

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Gap
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Gap.svg
- **image**: Gap018.jpg
- **caption**: View of Gap.
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **canton**: Chief town of 4 cantons
- **intercommunality**: CA Gap-Tallard-Durance
- **mayor**: Roger Didier
- **term**: 2014-2020
- **elevation m**: 1493
- **elevation min m**: 625
- **elevation max m**: 2360
- **area km2**: 110.43
- **population**: 40225
- **population date**: 2014
- **insee**: 05061
- **postal code**: 05000
- **website**: [https://www.ville-gap.fr/ www.ville-gap.fr]
Anne Spielberg

**Anne Spielberg** (born December 25, 1949) is an American screenwriter. She is the sister of movie director Steven Spielberg.

She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1949. After working for her brother's production company, Amblin Entertainment, she co-wrote the movie _Big_ in 1988. For this, she was nominated for an Academy Award for "Best Writing of an Original Screenplay". She was also a co-producer on the movie, along with noted television and movie producer James L. Brooks. She was also an uncredited cowriter of the movie _Small Soldiers_. Sue Spielberg and Nancy Katz are her sisters.
Kate Capshaw

**Kate Capshaw** (born **Kathleen Sue Nail** on November 3, 1953 in Fort Worth, Texas) is an American actress. She is the wife of movie director Steven Spielberg.

In 1956, Capshaw's desire to be an actress led her to New York. There she got a role on the soap _The Edge of Night_.

Capshaw was married to her first husband, Robert Capshaw, from 1976 until their divorce in 1980. In 1982, she made her first movie role in _A Little Sex_. In 1984, she met future husband Spielberg when she beat out 120 actresses for the female lead in _Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom_. The two married on October 12, 1991. In 1993, Capshaw became a regular on the brief series _Black Tie Affair_.
Charleville-Mézières

**Charleville-Mézières** is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Ardennes department.

## Sister cities

Charleville-Mézières is twinned with:
- Nevers, France
- Mantua, Italy
- Dülmen, Germany
- Euskirchen, Germany
- Nordhausen, Germany
- Iida, Japan
Soulby

**Soulby** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 186 people living in Soulby.
Waitby

**Waitby** is a village and civil parish in near Kirkby Stephen in Eden, Cumbria, England. Waitby has a castle.
Nateby, Cumbria

**Nateby** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 110 people living in Nateby.
Nateby, Lancashire

**Nateby** is a village and civil parish in Wyre, Lancashire, England. In 2001 there were 475 people living in Nateby.
Hawes

**Hawes** is a market town and civil parish in Richmondshire, North Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 1,115 people living in Hawes.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Hawes
- **static image name**: Hawes.jpg
- **static image caption**: Main Street, Hawes
- **population**: 1,180
- **shire district**: Richmondshire
- **region**: Yorkshire and the Humber
- **shire county**: North Yorkshire
- **constituency westminster**: Richmond, North Yorkshire (UK Parliament constituency), Richmond
- **post town**: HAWES
- **postcode district**: DL8 3
- **postcode area**: DL
- **dial code**: 01969
- **os grid reference**: SD873898
Catterick

**Catterick** is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England in the United Kingdom. In 2001 there were 2,743 people living in Catterick.
Staindrop

**Staindrop** is a village and civil parish in County Durham, England. In 2001 there were 1,241 people living in Staindrop.
Sedgefield

**Sedgefield** is a town in County Durham, England. In 2001 there were 4,534 people living in Sedgefield.
Eden, Cumbria

**Eden** is a local government district in Cumbria, England.  Its council is based in Penrith.  It is named after the River Eden which flows north through the district toward Carlisle.

It has an area of , making it the eighth largest district in England and the largest non-unitary district. It also has the lowest population density of any English district, with a mean of just 24 persons per square kilometre.

The district council was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, from the Penrith urban district, Alston with Garrigill Rural District and Penrith Rural District, all in Cumberland, and Appleby Municipal Borough, part of Lakes urban district and North Westmorland Rural District, all in Westmorland.

Within the district lies part of the Lake District National Park.

The West Coast Main Railway Line runs through the district but with only one station at Penrith. Services on this line are provided by Virgin Trains.  The Northern Rail Settle-Carlisle Railway also goes through the district and has stations at Armathwaite, Lazonby, Langwathby, Appleby and Kirkby Stephen.

Road transport links are provided by the M6 motorway, the A6 and the A66.

## Sports and recreation

In Eden there are King George's Fields, in memorial to King George V, at Appleby-in-Westmorland and Patterdale.

The council is the owner of the Penrith Leisure Centre which is run by a private company under contract.  The council also owns a number of playing fields and recreation grounds throughout the district most notably the sports pitches at Frenchfield on the outskirts of Penrith.

## Other website

District Council Website
Glusburn

**Glusburn** is a village and civil parish in Craven, North Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 3,902 people living in Glusburn.
Millom

**Millom** is a town and civil parish in Copeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 7,132 people living in Millom.

## Other websites

- http://www.visitcumbria.com/wc/millom.htm
Mansriggs

**Mansriggs** is a village and civil parish in South Lakeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 42 people living in Mansriggs.
Mansergh

**Mansergh** is a village and civil parish in South Lakeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 141 people living in Mansergh.
Pooley Bridge

**Pooley Bridge** is a village on the northern end of Ullswater in Cumbria, England. It has a church called St Paul's Church.
Milburn

**Milburn** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 171 people living in Milburn.
Langwathby

**Langwathby** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 748 people living in Langwathby.
Warcop

**Warcop** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 491 people living in Warcop.
Troyes

**Troyes** is a commune of France.  It is the capital city of the Aube department in north-central France. It is on the Seine river about  southeast of Paris.  It was briefly the capital of France in the early 15th century.

The name troy weight for gold derives from the standard of measurement which developed in Troyes.

## History

Troyes has existed since Roman times.  It was the capital of the Counts of Champagne.

The first Lord of Troyes was Gwain de Nantouillet in 884.

In 1417, the Duke of Burgandy and Isabeau of Bavaria, wife of Charles VI of France, planned to establish the capital of France at Troyes.  This included a court, council, and parliament with comptroller's offices.

In 1419-1425, during the Hundred Years' War, Troyes was the center of the royal government.

### Timeline

- **878** – Louis the Stammerer is crowned King of France by Pope John VIII
- **884** – Gwain de Nantouillet is crowned Lord of Troyes by the king of France Charles the Fat
- **1262** – Pope Urban IV begins construction of church in honor of St Urban.
- **1285** – Philip the Fair confirms traditional privileges of the city
- **1420** – Treaty of Troyes
- **1429** – Joan of Arc and the Dauphin of France enter the city.
- **1524** – Fire destroyed much of the medieval city

## Related pages

- Capital of France
- Communes of the Aube department

## Other websites

- http://www.ville-troyes.fr/premiere.htm
Glassonby

**Glassonby** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 314 people living in Glassonby.
Judas (song)

"**Judas**" is a song by American pop singer Lady Gaga from her second studio album, _Born This Way_. It was released as the second single from the album on April 15, 2011.

"Judas" is a house-tinged electropop and techno song about a woman falling in love with a man who betrayed her.

The song managed to reach the top ten in the US and Canada.  On February 29, 2016, the song was certified double-Platinum by the RIAA for sales and shipments of over 2 million copies in the United States alone.

## Music video

The music video for the song was controversial, like Gaga's video for "Alejandro", because it contained religious imagery.  Gaga is shown dressed as Mary Magdalene in the video and depicted riding on the back of a motorcycle that an actor portraying Jesus is driving.  The Catholic League condemned the video.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Judas
- **artist**: Lady Gaga
- **album**: Born This Way
- **written**: 2009
- **released**: April 15, 2011 (radio)
May 2011 (remix)
- **recorded**: 2010;
Gang Studios, Paris
- **length**: 4:10
- **prev title**: Born This Way (song), Born This Way
- **prev year**: 2011
- **next title**: The Edge of Glory
- **next year**: 2011
Brough

**Brough** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 680 people living in Brough.

## History

The village is on the site of the Roman fort of **Verterae** ("The Forts"), on the northern leg of the Roman-era Watling Street, linking Luguvalium (Carlisle) with Eboracum (York) and points south.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Brough
- **static image**: BroughCastleSE.jpg
- **static image caption**: Brough Castle from the south east
- **country**: England
- **region**: North West England
- **os grid reference**: NY794145
- **post town**: KIRKBY STEPHEN
- **postcode area**: CA
- **postcode district**: CA17
- **dial code**: 017683
- **constituency westminster**: Penrith and the Border (UK Parliament constituency), Penrith and the Border
- **civil parish**: Brough
- **shire district**: Eden (district), Eden
- **shire county**: Cumbria
- **population**: 751
- **population ref**: _(2011 including Helbeck)_
Stoke-by-Clare

**Stoke-by-Clare** is a village and civil parish in St Edmundsbury, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 460 people living in Stoke-by-Clare.
Brough Sowerby

**Brough Sowerby** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 127 people living in Brough Sowerby.
Kemsing

**Kemsing** is a village and civil parish in Kent, England. In 2001 there were 4,014 people living in Kemsing.
Crowland

**Crowland** is a village and civil parish in South Holland, Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 3,607 people living in Crowland.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **static image name**: Crowland Abbey - geograph.org.uk - 2499.jpg
- **static image caption**: Croyland Abbey
- **official name**: Crowland
- **population**: 3,607
- **population ref**: (Parish)
- **shire district**: South Holland, Lincolnshire, South Holland
- **shire county**: Lincolnshire
- **region**: East Midlands
- **constituency westminster**: South Holland and The Deepings (UK Parliament constituency), South Holland and The Deepings
- **post town**: PETERBOROUGH
- **postcode district**: PE6
- **postcode area**: PE
- **dial code**: 01733
- **os grid reference**: TF2410
- **map type**: Lincolnshire
- **london distance mi**: 80
- **london direction**: S
Persistent organic pollutant

**Persistent organic pollutants** (**POP**s) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes.
For this reason, they persist in the environment for a long time. They can be transported over long distances and bioaccumulate in human and animal tissue. When going up a food chain, there will be larger amounts of these substances. For this reason, they have a large impact on human health and the environment.

Many POPs are currently or were in the past used as pesticides.  Others are used in industrial processes and in the production goods such as solvents, polyvinyl chloride, and pharmaceuticals.  There are a few natural sources of POPs; most POPs are created by humans in industrial processes, either intentionally or as byproducts.
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

The **Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants** is an international treaty signed in 2001. The treaty became effective in May 2004. Its aim is to limit the use and production of Persistent Organic Pollutants. Examples of substances affected by the treaty are Polychlorinated biphenyl and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. An extension to the treaty in 2009 added other substances, like Lindane. Critics have said that the treaty limits the effectiveness of the fight against diseases such as malaria. This is not the case, as the use of certain substances for vector control is permitted; this includes the use against mosquitoes.

## Chemicals listed

The following chemicals are listed:

|Annex|Name|CAS Number|Exceptions|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|A. Elimination|Aldrin|309-00-2|**Production** none **Use** as a pesticide|
|A. Elimination|Chlordane|57-74-9|**Production** by registered parties **Use** as a local ectoparasiticide, insecticide, termiticide (including in buildings, dams and roads) and as an additive in plywood adhesives|
|A. Elimination|Dieldrin|60-57-1|**Production** none **Use** in agricultural operations|
|A. Elimination|Endrin|72-20-8|None|
|A. Elimination|Heptachlor|76-44-8|**Production** none **Use** as a termiticide (including in the structure of houses and underground), for organic treatment and in underground cable boxes|
|A. Elimination|Hexachlorobenzene|118-74-1|**Production** by registered parties **Use** as a chemical intermediate and a solvent for pesticides|
|A. Elimination|Mirex|2385-85-5|**Production** by registered parties **Use** as a termiticide|
|A. Elimination|Toxaphene|8001-35-2|None|
|A. Elimination|Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)|various|**Production** none **Use** in accordance with part II of Annex A|
|B. Restriction|DDT|50-29-3|Disease vector control in accordance with Part II of Annex B Production and use as an intermediate in the production of dicofol and other compounds|
|C. Unintentional Production|Polychlorinated dibenzo-_p_-dioxins ("dioxins") and polychlorinated dibenzofurans|various||
|C. Unintentional Production|Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)|various||
|C. Unintentional Production|Hexachlorobenzene|118-74-1||
Tokyo Electric Power Company

, also known as  or **TEPCO**, is a Japanese company that sells electrical power in Japan's Kantō region, Yamanashi Prefecture, and the eastern part of Shizuoka Prefecture. This area includes Tokyo. Its headquarters are in Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo. It has international offices in Washington, D.C., and London.

After the March 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, its power plant at Fukushima Daiichi became a continuing nuclear disaster. The  Fukushima disaster forced 50,000 households to leave the evacuation zone because of radiation leaks into the air, soil and sea.

Tokyo Prefecture is the largest shareholder in the company with 9.37 percent voting rights.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Tokyo Electric Power Co., Ltd.
東京電力株式会社
- **logo**: TEPCO symbol.svg
- **type**: Public company, Public Kabushiki kaisha, KK
- **traded as**:
Osaka Securities Exchange, OSE: [https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=9501:JP 9501]
Nagoya Stock Exchange, NSE: [https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=9501:JP 9501]
- **foundation**: Tokyo, Japan ()
- **location city**: Chiyoda, Tokyo, Chiyoda, Tokyo
- **location country**: Japan
- **predecessor**: The Tokyo Electric Light Company, Incorporated (founded in 1889)
- **key people**: Masataka Shimizu
<small>(ex-President)</small>
Toshio Nishizawa
<small>(President)</small>
- **area served**: Tokyo, Kanagawa Prefecture, Kanagawa, Saitama Prefecture, Saitama, Chiba Prefecture, Chiba, Tochigi Prefecture, Tochigi, Gunma Prefecture, Gunma, Ibaraki Prefecture, Ibaraki, Yamanashi Prefecture, Yamanashi, and east Shizuoka Prefecture, Shizuoka
- **industry**: Electric utility
- **services**: Electric generation, transmission, and distribution
- **revenue**: ¥5,368.5 billion (FY 2010)
- **operating income**: ¥399.6 billion (FY 2010)
- **net income**: ¥-1,247.3 billion (FY 2010)
- **assets**: ¥14,790.3 billion (FY 2010)
- **equity**: ¥1,602.4 billion (FY 2010)
- **num employees**: 38,671
Bourges

**Bourges** is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Cher department.

## Sister cities

Bourges is twinned with:
- Augsburg, Germany
- Aveiro, Portugal
- Forlì, Italy
- Koszalin, Poland
- Palencia, Spain
- Peterborough, United Kingdom
- Yoshkar-Ola, Russia

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bourges
- **commune status**: Prefectures of France, Prefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image**: Kathedrale Bourges v2.jpg
- **image flag**: Flag of Bourges.svg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de Bourges.svg
- **caption**: Bourges Cathedral
- **arrondissement**: Bourges
- **insee**: 18033
- **postal code**: 18000
- **population demonym**: Berruyers
- **mayor**: Yann Galut
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Communauté d'agglomération Bourges Plus, CA Bourges Plus
- **elevation m**: 153
- **elevation min m**: 120
- **elevation max m**: 169
- **area km2**: 68.74
- **population**: 66786
- **population date**: 2009
Tulle

**Tulle** () is a French commune, the _prefecture_ of the Corrèze department in central France. It is in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It is also the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Tulle.

## Geography

Tulle is in the valley of the Corrèze river at the confluence of this river with several tributaries: the Solane and the Céronne on the right side, and Saint-Bonnette and Montane on the left side. The city is in narrow part of the valley along several Kilometres.

The _commune_ of Tulle has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The _commune_ of Tulle is surrounded by the _communes_:

Three rivers flow through the _commune_ː the river Diège (the town sometimes is called _Ussel-sur-Diège_), the river Sarsonne and the stream _Étang Roux_.

### Climate

The climate of Tulle, in the Köppen climate classification, is **Cfb** - Oceanic climate with template summers.

## Population

The inhabitants of this city are known, in French, as _Tullistes_.

With a population of 14,325, Tulle has a population density of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

**Evolution of the population in Tulle**

Tulle forms, together with other 7 _communes_, the urban area of Tulle with a population of 21,108 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Tulle, formed by 25 _communes_, with a population of 30,970 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .

## Administration

Tulle is the prefecture of the Corrèze department, the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Tulle and the administrative centre () of the canton of Tulle.

It is part of the intercommunality _Tulle Agglo_ ().

### Twinned and partner towns

Tulle is twinned with:
- Schorndorf, Germany
- Errenteria, Spain
- Bury, England, United Kingdom
- Lousada, Portugal
- Smolensk, Russia
- Dueville, Italy

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Tulle
- Communes of the Corrèze department
- Tulle massacre

## Other websites

- Mairie de Tulle website
- Office de Tourisme Intercommunal Tulle et Cœur de Corrèze

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tulle
- **commune status**: Prefectures in France, Prefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason tulle.svg
- **image**: Tulle 2207.jpg
- **caption**: A view in front of the cathedral in Tulle.
- **arrondissement**: Tulle
- **canton**: Tulle
- **intercommunality**: Tulle Agglo
- **mayor**: Bernard Combes
- **elevation m**: 323
- **elevation min m**: 185
- **elevation max m**: 460
- **area km2**: 24.44
- **population demonym**: Tullistes
- **population**: 14325
- **population date**: 2014
- **insee**: 19272
- **postal code**: 19000
- **website**: [http://www.ville-tulle.fr/ www.ville-tulle.fr]
Edward

**Edward** is an English male given name. It is an old name, dating from before the Norman conquest of England in 1066. It means "wealthy" (rich) and "guard". _Ted_, _Teddy_, and _Ned_ are often used as nicknames for people called Edward, such as Ted Kennedy, or Ned Kelly. There have been many kings of England called Edward, such as Edward the Confessor, and Edward VIII.This name was ranked #217 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## Variations of "Edward" in other languages

- Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese: Eduardo
    - Spanish and Portuguese also use Duarte
    - Italian also uses Edoardo
- French: Édouard
- Norwegian: Edvard

### English people

- Edward the Elder (c. 874–924), the son of Alfred the Great
- Edward the Martyr (c. 962–978), English king and Christian martyr
- St. Edward the Confessor (c. 1003–1066), English King; patron saint of England until 1348
- Edward I of England (1239–1307), called Longshanks; conqueror of Wales
- Edward II of England (1284–1327), deposed in January 1327, probably murdered
- Edward III of England (1312–1377), one of the most successful English kings of medieval times
- Edward, the Black Prince (1330–1376), eldest son of King Edward III
- Edward, Duke of Guelders (1336–1371)
- Edward IV of England (1442–1483), older brother of Richard III, father of Edward V
- Edward V of England (1470–c. 1483), one of the princes in the Tower
- Edward VI of England (1537–1553), the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour
- Edward VII of the United Kingdom (1841–1910), the son of Queen Victoria
- Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (1894–1972), the son of George V, abdicated

### Other people

- Edward Balliol (c. 1283–1367), pretender to the Scottish throne during the reign of David II
- Ed Gainey, American player of Canadian football
- Edward Gierek (1913-2001), First Secretary of Polish United Workers Party from 1970-1980
- Edward Heath (1916–2005), former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- Edward Stanley Kellogg (1870-1948), 16th Governor of American Samoa
- Ed Miliband (born 1969), former leader of the UK Labour Party
- Edward Snowden (born 1983), American who disclosed National Security Agency secrets
- Edward Stettinius, Jr. (1900–1949), former United States Secretary of State

## Infobox (given name)

- **image**: Edward_Mills_Purcell.jpg
- **caption**: Edward Purcell, Nobel Prize in Physics, 1952
- **gender**: Male
- **meaning**: Wealth; guard
- **nickname**: Eddie, Ned, Ted, Teddy
- **related names**: Édouard, Eduardo
Holiday Inn

**Holiday Inn** is a brand of hotels. Holiday Inn is one of the world's most recognized hotel brands. It is part of the InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG).

Kemmons Wilson had the idea for the business after a family road trip to Washington, D.C.. During the trip, he was disappointed by the quality of roadside motels at that time. Mr. Wilson partnered with Wallace E. Johnson to build the first four motels on roads entering Memphis, Tennessee. Eddie Bluestein was the architect who designed these first hotels.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Holiday Inn Hotels review

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Holiday Inn Hotels
- **type**: Subsidiary of InterContinental Hotels Group, IHG
- **foundation**: Memphis, Tennessee, United States, U.S.
()
- **founder**: Kemmons Wilson
- **location city**: Atlanta, Georgia
- **locations**: 1,874 United States
- **area served**: Americas, Europe, Middle East, Africa & Asia-Pacific
- **industry**: Hotels
- **services**: Food services, lodging, convention (meeting), conventions, meetings, timeshares
- **parent**: InterContinental Hotels Group
- **divisions**: .
- **homepage**: [http://www.holidayinn.com HolidayInn.com]
Garibaldi

**Garibaldi** could mean:

## Fish

- Garibaldi (fish)

## People

- Giuseppe Garibaldi
AJ Lee

**April Jeanette "AJ" Mendez** (born March 19, 1987) is an American professional wrestler. She is currently signed to WWE under the ring name **AJ Lee**. Considered by many to be one of the greatest women’s wrestlers of all time, AJ Lee was the trailblazer that sparked the turning point in women’s wrestling. She competed on the third season of NXT but finished fourth overall. Even though she did not win NXT she was still given a contract with the WWE and debuted in her first match for the SmackDown brand on May 27, 2011 edition where she teamed with Kaitlyn in a losing effort against Alicia Fox and Tamina.

AJ Lee held the Divas Championship 3 times in WWE, successfully retaining her title at WrestleMania XXX. the night after on Raw she was defeated and lost her title to NXT Women's Champion, Paige. On the June 30, 2014 episode of _Raw_, Lee returned to the WWE. She challenged Paige for the Divas Championship and won her second championship.

On April 3, 2015, it was announced that AJ decided to retire from the company.

On the September 8, 2025, episode of _SmackDown_, AJ Lee returned to WWE after 10 years, confronted and attacked Becky Lynch, who had been indirectly feuding with AJ’s husband, CM Punk, via her own husband Seth Rollins. AJ’s first return match took place Wrestlepalooza on September 20, where she and Punk defeated Lynch and Rollins in a mixed tag team match after she forced Lynch to submit.

## Championships and accomplishments

- **Florida Championship Wrestling**
    - FCW Divas Championship (1 time)
    - Queen of FCW (1 time)
- ***Guinness World Records***
    - Most wins of the WWE Divas Championship (3 times)
    - First female WWE Superstar Challenge winner (2012)
- **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
    - PWI ranked her #**43** of the top 50 female singles wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2013
- **Women Superstars Uncensored**
    - WSU Tag Team Championship (1 time) — with Brooke Carter
    - WSU/NWS King and Queen of the Ring (2004) — with Jay Lethal
- **Wrestling Observer Newsletter**
    - Worst Worked Match of the Year (2013) <small>with Aksana, Alicia Fox, Kaitlyn, Rosa Mendes, Summer Rae and Tamina Snuka vs. Cameron, Eva Marie, JoJo, Naomi,Natalya and The Bella Twins at Su<nowiki/>rvivor Series on November 24</small>
- **WWE**
    - WWE Divas Championship (3 times)
    - Slammy Award for Diva of the Year (2012, 2014)
    - Slammy Award for Kiss of the Year (2012) — with John Cena

- **Other awards and honors**
    - National Alliance on Mental Illness Multicultural Outreach Award (2018)

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **image**: WOW - Women Of Wrestling Press Launch October 2021 (cropped).jpg
- **alt**: Photograph of AJ Lee
- **caption**: AJ in 2021
- **birth name**: April Jeanette Mendez
- **birth place**: Union City, New Jersey, U.S.
- **height**: 5 ft 3 in
- **weight**: 115 lb
- **billed**: Union City, New Jersey
- **debut**: 2007
Basset Hound

The **Basset Hound** is a short-legged dog, of the hound family. Bassets are used in hunting to detect the scent of game. Their sense of smell for tracking is second only to that of the Bloodhound.

The name _Basset_ comes from French words meaning "_rather low_".

Basset Hounds usually have coats of brown, black or white and are most often spotted.  Sometimes they can be other colours. Basset Hounds have been bred from the nineteenth century. They are said to descend from the Basset d'Artois. Basset Hounds are  tall, and can weight up to .
Alvin Plantinga

**Alvin Plantinga** (born November 15, 1932, Ann Arbor, Michigan ) is an American epistemologist, philosopher of religion and professor at the University of Notre Dame. He is a founding member of the Society of Christian Philosophers.

Plantinga's aim in philosophy is to defend believing in God as rational. His epistemology is one that tries to say that knowledge is only possible if you accept the possibility of some form of intelligent design by God.
Acute radiation syndrome

**Acute radiation syndrome** (**ARS**) also known as **radiation poisoning**, **radiation sickness** or **radiation toxicity**, is a syndrome or group of health effects which occur within months of exposure to high amounts of ionizing radiation. The term generally refers to acute (serious, rapid onset) problems rather than ones that develop after a prolonged period. It is mainly damage to the blood, digestive system, and nervous system.
Castorocauda

***Castorocauda*** was a genus of small, semi-aquatic proto-mammals which lived in the Jurassic period, about 154 million years ago.

Its fossil was found in lakebed sediments of the Daohugou Beds of Inner Mongolia. _Castorocauda_ was highly specialized, with adaptations like those of modern semi-aquatic mammals such as beavers, otters, and the platypus (convergent evolution). It is the earliest animal found with fur.

_Castorocauda_ is one of the near-mammals in a group called the Docodonta.

Although _Castorocauda_ was not a crown group mammal, it is important in the study of how mammals evolved. It was the first find with an almost complete skeleton. Also it is not a "small nocturnal insectivore".
- It was larger than most Mesozoic mammaliaform fossils  about  from its nose to the tip of its  tail, and may have weighed .
- It is the earliest absolutely certain evidence of hair and fur. Previously the earliest was _Eomaia_, a crown group mammal from about 125M years ago.
- It had aquatic adaptations including flattened tail bones and remnants of soft tissue between the toes of the back feet, suggesting that they were webbed. Previously the earliest known semi-aquatic mammaliaforms were from the Eocene, about 110 million years later.
- _Castorocauda_'s powerful forelimbs look adapted for digging. This feature and the spurs on its ankles make it resemble the platypus, which also swims and digs.
- Its teeth look adapted for eating fish: the first two molars had cusps in a straight row, which made them more suitable for gripping and slicing than for grinding. These molars are curved backwards, which helps in grasping slippery prey.
Element Skateboards

**Element Skateboards** (sometimes shortened to **Element**) is an American company. It is known for making skateboards and swimwear. It was founded in 1992 by Johnny Schillereff. The company is based out of Irvine, California. The company was originally known as **Underworld Element Skateboards** but Schillereff decided to drop the "Underworld" part due to the company being absorbed because of financial problems. The Element company also sponsors professional skateboarders like Bucky Lasek, Bam Margera, Chad Muska, Ray Barbee, Vanessa Torres, Mark Appleyard, Nyjah Huston and
Madars Apse
WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009

***WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009*** is a professional wrestling video game that was published by THQ. It is available for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, Wii and Xbox 360 systems. The game is also featured as a mobile phone game which can be downloaded. It featured new features like the Inferno match, a newer tag team match, and also four new game modes: Create-a-Finisher, Road to WrestleMania, Career and multiplayer season. The game received positive reviews from video game reviewers. Triple H and Shawn Michaels both as member of D-Generation X are on the cover.

It is part of the WWE SmackDown vs. Raw video game series.

## Other websites

- Official game website

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Yuke's
TOSE (Nintendo DS)
- **publisher**: THQ
- **engine**: Havok (software), Havok
- **genre**: Professional wrestling
Fighting game, Fighting
- **modes**: Single player,
multiplayer,
Online game, multiplayer online
- **platforms**: PlayStation 2,
PlayStation 3,
PlayStation Portable,
Wii,
Nintendo DS,
Xbox 360,
Mobile game, Mobile
Junkyard Dog

**Sylvester Ritter** (December 13, 1952 – June 2, 1998) was an American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW) under the ring names, **Junkyard Dog** and **JYD** for short. He died in Forest, Mississippi on June 2, 1998 after he fell asleep at the wheel of the car he was driving home in and crashed into another car.

## Championships

Ritter held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

- **Mid-South Wrestling Association**
    - Mid-South Louisiana Championship (three times)
    - Mid-South North American Heavyweight Championship (four times)
    - Mid-South Tag Team Championship (eight times) – with Buck Robley (one), Terry Orndorff (one), Killer Karl Kox (one), Dick Murdoch (three), Mike George (one), and Jerry Stubbs (one)

- **NWA Mid-America**
    - NWA Mid-America Tag Team Championship (one time) – with Gypsy Joe

- **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
    - PWI Most Inspirational Wrestler of the Year in 1980.
    - PWI ranked him #51 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.

- **Stampede Wrestling**
    - Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship (two times)

- **United States Wrestling Association**
    - USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

- **World Championship Wrestling**
    - WCW World Six-Man Tag Team Championship (one time) with Ricky Morton and Tommy Rich

- **World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment**
    - WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2004)
    - Wrestling Classic tournament winner in 1985.
    - Slammy Award – Best Single Performer in 1986.

- **Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards**
    - Feud of the Year in 1982 (vs. Ted DiBiase)
    - Worst Feud of the Year in 1990 (vs. Ric Flair)
    - Worst Tag Team in 1986 (with George Steele)

## Other websites

- Profile on WWE.com

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Junkyard Dog
- **names**: Leroy Rochester
Stagger Lee
Big Daddy Ritter
**Junkyard Dog**
- **image**: Sylvester "Junkyard Dog" Ritter in the mid-80s.jpg
- **birth place**: Wadesboro, North Carolina, U.S.
- **death place**: Forest, Mississippi, U.S.
- **billed**: Charlotte, North Carolina
- **trainer**: Larry Johnson (wrestler), Larry Johnson
- **debut**: 1977
- **retired**: 1993
Full Dark, No Stars

***Full Dark, No Stars*** (2010) is a book of four novellas that was written by Stephen King. The book was published on November 9, 2010. The four novellas are _1922_, _Big Driver_, _Fair Extension_ and _A Good Marriage_.

## Other websites

- About the book from King's website

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Full Dark, No Stars
- **author**: Stephen King
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English
- **publisher**: Charles Scribner's Sons, Scribner
- **media type**: Print (Hardcover)
- **pages**: 368 pp
- **isbn**: 978-1439192566
- **release date**: 2010 in literature, 2010
- **preceded by**: Just After Sunset
Cell (novel)

***Cell*** (2006) is a novel by Stephen King. The book was published on January 24, 2006. It is about Clayton Riddell, an artist from New England who tries to reunite with his son after a signal is sent out over the global cell phone network which turns every cell phone user into a murderer.

## Other websites

- About the novel from King's website

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Cell
- **author**: Stephen King
- **cover artist**: Mark Stutzman
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English
- **genre**: Horror
- **publisher**: Charles Scribner's Sons, Scribner
- **media type**: Print (Hardcover)
- **pages**: 449 pp
- **isbn**: 978-0743292337
- **release date**: January 24, 2006 in literature, 2006
- **preceded by**: The Colorado Kid
- **followed by**: Lisey's Story
Lisey's Story

***Lisey's Story*** (2006) is a novel that was written by Stephen King. The novel was published on October 24, 2006. The novel was nominated for the World Fantasy Award in 2007.

## Other websites

- About the novel from King's website

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Lisey's Story
- **author**: Stephen King
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English
- **genre**: Horror
Fantasy
- **publisher**: Charles Scribner's Sons, Scribner
- **media type**: Print (Hardcover)
- **pages**: 528 pp
- **isbn**: 978-0743289412
- **release date**: October 24, 2006 in literature, 2006
- **preceded by**: Cell (novel), Cell
- **followed by**: Duma Key
Guéret

**Guéret** () is a commune of France. It is the prefecture of the  Creuse department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.

## History

In 1514, Guéret became the capital of the **County of Marche**,  a medieval French county, approximately corresponding to the modern Creuse department.

In 1790, when the departments were created, Guéret was named as the capital of the Creuse department.

## Geography

Guéret is in a plateau between the Creuse and the Gartempe rivers, at the foot of two hills: the _Puy de Gaudy_,  high, and the _Maupuy_,  high. The _commune_ has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The city of Guéret is at about  from Bordeaux, at  from Toulouse, at  from Paris and at  from Lyon.

The _communes_ that are around Guéret are Saint-Fiel, Sainte-Feyre, Savennes, Saint-Christophe, La Chapelle-Taillefert, Saint-Léger-le-Guérétois and Saint-Sulpice-le-Guérétois.

### Climate

Guéret has an oceanic climate with relatively hot summers, mild winters and abundant rainfall, **Cfb** in the Köppen climate classification.

## Population

The inhabitants of Guéret are known, in French, as _Guérétois_ (women: _Guérétoises_).

The _commune_ of Guéret has a population, in 2014, of 13,342; its population density is of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

**Evolution of the population in Guéret**

Guéret forms, together with Saint-Fiel, the urban area of Guéret with a population of 14,157 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Guéret, formed by 32 _communes_ with a population of 31,499 inhabitants and an area of .

## Administration

Guéret is the prefecture of the Creuse department, the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Guéret and the administrative centre () of two cantons:
- Guéret-1, with 9,332 inhabitants <small>(2014)</small>.
- Guéret-2, with 9,724 inhabitants <small>(2014)</small>.

It is part of the intercommunality _Le Grand Guéret_ ().

### Sister cities

Guéret is twinned with:
- Stein, Germany since 1991

## Sites of interest

- The _Hotel de Moneyroux_. This building, of Gothic style, was built in the fifteenth century. It is now the headquarters of the General Council of the Creuse.
- The _Presidial_, dating from the seventeenth century, now is the town hall.
- The _Museum of the Sénatorerie_. The building served as house for senators under Napoleon. Since 1832, the Society of Archaeological and Natural Sciences of the Creuse has been housed here.
- Courtille lake, a recreation area south of Guéret, is an artificial lake along a shaded path.
- Chabrières forest is a large forest to the south of Guéret. It has a zoo, where one can see wolves in semi-liberty in large espaces with walls. Here  there are some big dolmens.

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Guéret
- Communes of the Creuse department

## Other websites

- Ville de Guéret - official website
- La Communauté d’Agglomération du Grand-Guéret
- Conseil Départamental de la Creuse
- Préfecture de la Creuse
Périgueux

**Périgueux** () is a commune in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France. It is the capital, prefecture, of the Dordogne department.

## Geography

Périgueux is in the centre of the Dordogne department, in the tourist region named as _Périgord Blanc_. The Isle river flows through the city.

The city is at about  from Angoulême,  from Limoges,  from Agen,  from Bordeaux and  from Cahors.

The _commune_ of Périgueux has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Périgueux is surrounded by the _communes_ Château-l'Évêque, Champcevinel, Trélissac, Boulazac, Notre-Dame-de-Sanilhac, Coulounieix-Chamiers, Marsac-sur-l'Isle and Chancelade.

### Climate

Périgueux has an oceanic climate with template summers (Köppen climate classification: **Cfb**).

## Population

The inhabitants of Périgueux are known, in French, as _Pétrocoriens_ (women: _Pétrocoriennes_). Another name for the inhabitants of Périgueux is _Périgourdins_.

With a population of 30,069 (2014), Périgueux has a population density of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

**Evolution of the population in Périgueux**

Périgueux forms, together with 8 other _communes_, the urban area of Périgueux with a population of 66,895 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Périgueux, formed by 55 _communes_ with a population of 102,855 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .

## Administration

Périgueux is a prefecture of the Dordogne and the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Périgueux.

The _commune_ is the administrative centre () of two cantons
1. **Périgueux-1**, formed with a part of Périgueux; and
1. **Périgueux-2**, formed with the remaining part of Périgueux.

It is part of the intercommunality _Le Grand Périgueux_ ().

### Twin towns

Périgueux is twinned with:
- Amberg, Germany

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Périgueux
- Communes of the Dordogne department

## Other websites

- Ville de Périgueux - Official site
- Office de Tourism, Périgueux
- Departamental Council of Dordogne
- Prefecture official website
- Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Périgueux
- **commune status**: Prefectures in France, Prefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Périgueux (Dordogne).svg
- **image**: Hôtel de ville de Périgueux.jpg
- **caption**: Périgueux town hall
- **arrondissement**: Périgueux
- **canton**: Périgueux-1
Périgueux-2
- **intercommunality**: Le Grand Périgueux
- **mayor**: Antoine Audi
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **elevation m**: 106
- **elevation min m**: 75
- **elevation max m**: 189
- **area km2**: 9.82
- **population demonym**: Pétrocoriens
- **population**: 30069
- **population date**: 2014
- **insee**: 24322
- **postal code**: 24000
- **website**: [http://perigueux.fr/ perigueux.fr]
Évreux

**Évreux** is a commune in the Eure department in France.

## Social housing

The four social housing buildings in the Nétreville district will be renovated by 2027. The Champagne building will be completed and demolished in September 2025. Nétreville is also one of the 200 poorest districts in France.

## Sister cities

Évreux is twinned with:
- Rugby, England
- Rüsselsheim, Germany
- Sueca, Spain
- Djougou, Benin

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Évreux
- **commune status**: Prefectures of France, Prefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image**: Iton evreux.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason_ville_fr_Evreux_(Eure).svg
- **caption**: River Iton
- **arrondissement**: Évreux
- **canton**: Canton of Évreux-1, Évreux-1, Canton of Évreux-2, 2 and Canton of Évreux-3, 3
- **insee**: 27229
- **postal code**: 27000
- **mayor**: Guy Lefrand
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **intercommunality**: Évreux Portes de Normandie, CA Évreux Portes de Normandie
- **elevation m**: 92
- **elevation min m**: 58
- **elevation max m**: 146
- **area km2**: 26.45
- **population**: 50777
- **population date**: 2008
Eric Nickulas

**Eric Nickulas** (born March 25, 1975) is an American former professional ice hockey right winger. He played parts of 6 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Boston Bruins, St. Louis Blues, and Chicago Blackhawks. He also played in the 3 years in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) with the Hannover Scorpions and ERC Ingolstadt.

On March 2, 2000, Nickulas would score his first goal in the NHL against Jose Theodore in a 5—2 loss to the Montreal Canadiens.

He won the Calder Cup in 1998 while he was apart of the Boston Bruins farm team, the Providence Bruins.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Eric Nickulas
- **image**: Eric Nickulas.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Nickulas during his time with the Providence Bruins in 2005
- **played for**: Boston Bruins
St. Louis Blues
Chicago Blackhawks
Hannover Scorpions
ERC Ingolstadt
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shot**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 195
- **birth place**: Hyannis, Massachusetts, Hyannis, Massachusetts, MA, United States of America, USA
- **ntl team**: United States
- **draft**: 99th overall
- **draft year**: 1994
- **draft team**: Boston Bruins
- **career start**: 1997
- **career end**: 2009