juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bath Spa railway station

**Bath Spa railway station** is the main railway station in the city of Bath, Somerset, in South West England It's served by First Great Western, South West Trains and CrossCountry. It is on the Great Western Main Line and joins the Wessex Main Line via Bradford-on-Avon.

## Future

There are plans to electrify the Great Western mainline, which would make trains faster and bigger, shortening journey times. This will also make the journey a lot quicker and smoother.

## Changes to the station

First Great Western has manage Bath Spa. As of 2005, the main building is listed (protected).  Building work has taken place at the station, like changes to the building, with the more lifts to the platforms. They also have ticket barriers.

There were other changes in 2011 with a new bus station, and change some of the station car parks into a restaurant complex, costing £12 million.

## Infobox (gb station)

- **name**: Bath Spa
- **image name**: 2017 at Bath Spa - Dorchester Street entrance.JPG
- **caption**: Main buildings seen from Dorchester Street
- **locale**: Bath, Somerset, Bath
- **borough**: Bath and North East Somerset
- **code**: BTH
- **dft category**: C1
- **manager**: Great Western Railway (train operating company), Great Western Railway
- **platforms**: 2
- **usage1314**: 5.990
- **int1314**: 0.188
- **usage1415**: 6.222
- **int1415**: 0.194
- **usage1516**: 6.134
- **int1516**: 0.184
- **usage1617**: 6.432
- **int1617**: 0.197
- **usage1718**: 6.396
- **int1718**: 0.196
- **original**: Great Western Railway
- **pregroup**: Great Western Railway
- **postgroup**: Great Western Railway
- **years**: 31 August 1840
- **events**: Opened as _Bath_
- **years1**: 1949
- **events1**: Renamed _Bath Spa_
- **symbol**: rail
- **gridref**: ST752643
Philotes (mythology)

**Philotes** () was a minor Greek goddess. She was a daughter of Nyx. She is the personification of affection, sexual intercourse and friendship.
Suffolk Coastal

**Suffolk Coastal** is a local government district in Suffolk, England. Its council is based in Woodbridge. Other towns include Felixstowe. It was organized on April 1, 1974.
Guernésiais

**Guernésiais** is a Norman language spoken on the Channel island of Guernsey. It is related to the Jèrriais language on nearby Jersey island. It is part of the Oïl languages family. Only 2% of the island's people speak the language.

The most recent dictionary of Guernésais, _Dictiounnaire Angllais-guernesiais_ by Marie de Garis, was released in 1967. It was revised in 1982.
No Way Out (2012)

**No Way Out (2012)**, known as **No Escape** in Germany, was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It took place on June 17, 2012 at the Izod Center in East Rutherford, New Jersey. It was the twelfth and last No Way Out event held by WWE. The following year, its June slot was given to a new PPV called Payback.

## Other websites

- Official No Way Out 2012 website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: No Way Out (2012)
- **promotion**: WWE
- **date**: June 17, 2012
- **venue**: Izod Center
- **city**: East Rutherford, New Jersey, East Rutherford, New Jersey
- **lastevent**: Over the Limit (2012)
- **nextevent**: Money in the Bank (2012)
- **event**: WWE No Way Out, No Way Out
- **lastevent2**: No Way Out (2009)
- **nextevent2**: _Last_
Apate

In Greek mythology, **Apate** was the personification of deceit. She was one of the evil spirits released from Pandora's box. Her mother was Nyx, the personification of night. Her father was Erebos, the personification of darkness.

## Related pages

- List of figures in Greek mythology: Personified concepts
Olympe de Gouges

**Olympe de Gouges** (; born **Marie Gouze**; 7 May 17483 November 1793) was a French activist, feminist, playwright, and political writer.

She was born in Balbrigan, France. De Gouges never went to school. She had strong opinions about politics, and she liked to write about her opinions.

In 1765, when de Gouges was 17, she married a French officer, named Louis Aubrey, who was older than her. They had one child together. Three years later, Louis died in a flood. De Gouges was relieved, and never married again.

De Gouges wanted to be a writer. So, she moved to Paris, and left her son behind. She made a writer name out of her parents names mixed together.

She used high ranking men to gain power. When she started writing, she wrote plays, political documents, and novels. Some of her work was: _Le Mariage inattendu de Cheacute;rubin and Zamore et Mirza ou l'Heureux naufrage._

She started to write documents about human rights, mostly for women.  At the time, France was divided about rights. De Gouges may not have saved her country, but she did give her opinion to this debate.
Stanley Milgram

**Stanley Milgram** (August 15, 1933 – December 20, 1984) was an American social psychologist. He is most famous for his controversial study about obedience to authority figures. In these experiments, Milgram showed that about two out of three people would follow orders of an authority figure to the point of risking the life of, or perhaps even killing, an innocent person.  He got the idea from the Holocaust. He wrote a book about his experiments called _Obedience to Authority_.

The idea of six degrees of separation comes from Milgram's 1967 small-world experiment. It has been criticized a lot, but in 2008 Microsoft found that the average chain of contacts between users of its '.NET Messenger Service' was 6.6 people. A study published in the January 2014 volume of _Computers in Human Behavior_ found that the average number of acquaintances separating people in unusual jobs is 3.9, and 3.2 for average Facebook users.

## Early life

Milgram was born to a Jewish family in New York City.
Theodor W. Adorno

**Theodor W. Adorno** (; ; born **Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund**; 11 September 1903 – 6 August 1969) was a German sociologist, philosopher, composer, and music theorist.

He designed the F-scale with other researchers at the University of California. This scale tried to measure "the authoritarian personality". _F_ stands for _Fascist_. He wrote about this in the 1950 book _The Authoritarian Personality._  He was a Marxist.

## Related pages

- List of sociologists from Europe

## Infobox (philosopher)

- **region**: Western philosophy
- **era**: 20th century philosophy
- **image**: Theodor W. Adorno.jpg
- thumb
- 260px
- frame
- **name**: Theodor W. Adorno
- **other names**: Theodor Ludwig Adorno Wellington
- **birth place**: Frankfurt am Main, Hesse-Nassau Province, Hesse-Nassau, Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia, German Empire, Germany
- **death place**: Visp, Visp (district), Visp, Valais, Switzerland
- **nationality**: Germans, German
- **school tradition**: Critical theory, Marxism
- **main interests**: Social theory, sociology, psychoanalysis, epistemology, aesthetics, musicology, mass media
- **notable ideas**: Criticism of "anti-intellectualism, actionism," modernist art opposes the conventional ordering of experience found in the mass media, the paradox of aesthetics, negative dialectics
Nipissing University

**Nipissing University** is a university in Ontario, Canada. It is located in located in North Bay, Ontario.

## Other websites

- Official website
Typhoon Haiyan

**Typhoon Haiyan** (or **Super Typhoon Yolanda** in the Philippines) is one of the strongest tropical cyclones in history. It formed on November 3, 2013, in the western Pacific Ocean. It began east-southeast of Pohnpei. The storm later hit the Philippines with extremely high winds and a strong storm surge. It has caused major damage in the Visayas. At least 6,241 people died in the storm.  The director of Meteorology at Weather Underground, Jeff Masters, said this could be the strongest tropical system to reach land.  Haiyan's winds were near 195 miles an hour.

## Related pages

- Yolanda Memorial Marker
- Yolanda Shrine
- The English Wikipedia version

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Super Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
- **year**: 2013
- **basin**: WPac
- **type**: super typhoon
- **image location**: Haiyan 2013-11-07 1345Z (alternate, borderless).png
- **image alt**: Satellite image of a tropical cyclone with a very well defined eye and sprawling rainbands over open water approaching the Philippines.
- **image name**: Typhoon Haiyan at peak intensity, on November 7
- **formed**: November 3, 2013
- **dissipated**: November 11, 2013
- **10-min winds**: 125
- **1-min winds**: 170
- **pressure**: 895
- **pressurepost**: Estimated
- **fatalities**: 6,352 confirmed, 1,785 missing
- **damages**: 1500
- **damagespost**: Preliminary total
- **hurricane season**: 2013 Pacific typhoon season
Cessna 140

The **Cessna 140** is a light civilian aircraft. It was designed and built in USA between 1946 and 1950. At least more than 7600 examples were built. It's a single-engine plane with a high wing.
Kibera

**Kibera** is a slum in southwest Nairobi, Kenya. It is often called the biggest slum in Africa. Most people in Kibera don't have running water or electricity. Kibera has thirteen villages. It is a very poor slum and has very bad conditions.
Curt Hennig

**Curtis Michael "Curt" Hennig** (March 28, 1958 – February 10, 2003) was an American professional wrestler, manager and color commentator. He is known for competing in the American Wrestling Association (AWA), World Wrestling Federation (WWF), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He competed under his real name and under the ring name, **Mr. Perfect**.

He was the son of wrestler Larry "The Axe" Hennig. He was the father of former WWE superstar Joe "Curtis Axel" Hennig. He was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Major League Baseball player and longtime friend Wade Boggs in 2007. He is considered to be one of the greatest ever in-ring performers.

## Championships

- **American Wrestling Association
    - AWA World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
    - AWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Scott Hall)
- **Future of Wrestling**
    - FOW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
- **i-Generation Superstars of Wrestling**
    - i-Generation World Heavyweight Championship (two times)
- **Main Event Championship Wrestling**
    - MECW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
- **Pacific Northwest Wrestling**
    - NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship (one time)
    - NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship (3 times) (with Larry Hennig (one), Buddy Rose (one) and Pat McGhee (one))
- **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
    - He was ranked as the Most Improved Wrestler of the Year by PWI in 1987.
    - He was ranked **#9** of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the year in the PWI 500 by PWI in 1993.
    - He was ranked **#55** of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.
    - He was ranked **#98** of the Top 100 Tag Teams of the "PWI Years" with Scott Hall in 2003.
- **World Championship Wrestling**
    - WCW United States Heavyweight Championship (one time)
    - WCW World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Barry Windham)
- **World Wrestling Council**
    - WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship (one time)
- **World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment**
    - WWF Intercontinental Championship (two times)
    - WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2007)
- **Wrestling Observer Newsletter'''
    - Most Improved (1983)

## Other websites

- WWE profile

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Curt Hennig
- **names**: Curt Hennig
Mr. Perfect
- **image**: Curt Hennig at WrestleMania X in March 1994.jpg
- **caption**: Hennig at WrestleMania X guest refereeing the match between Rodney Anoa'i, Yokozuna and Lex Luger
- **birth place**: Robbinsdale, Minnesota, Robbinsdale, Minnesota
- **death place**: Tampa, Florida, Tampa, Florida
- **billed**: Robbinsdale, Minnesota
- **trainer**: Verne Gagne
Larry Hennig
Buddy Rose
- **debut**: 1980
Aethelred I of Mercia

**Aethelred**, also **Æthelred** or **Ethelred**, (died 716) was an early King of Mercia. He succeeded his brother Wulfhere when he died in 675. Like his brother, Wulfhere, he was considered an overlord over other English kings. But he never reached the same political status as Wulfhere. His importance was in his contributions to the church. Aethelred ruled Mercia until his abdication in 704. He stepped down to retire to the monastery at Bardney.

## King of Mercia

Aethelred was a son of King Penda. At about the same time he succeeded his brother to the throne he married Osthryth, daughter of Oswiu of Northumbria. Aethelred attacked Kent in 676 to get Hlothhere of Kent back in line as a vassal of Mercia. He destroyed much of that kingdom as well as sacked Rochester. In 679 Aethelred continued the struggle his father and brother had with Northumbria. He found Ecgfrith of Northumbria waiting for him on the River Trent which divided north and south Mercia. In the battle, Aelfwine, the younger brother of King Ecgfrith was killed and the Northumbrians were defeated. To prevent a blood feud between the two royal families, Theodore, the Archbishop of Canterbury stepped in to prevent further bloodshed. He secured a truce between Northumbria and Mercia that lasted for 50 years. For the rest of his reign Aethelred was respected as overlord of England even though Bede never listed him among the seven bretwaldas.

Aethelred was very involved in the church. He and his wife Osthryth founded Bardney abbey in Lindsey. Queen Osthryth had the bones of her uncle, Oswald of Northumbria, brought to Bardney to be buried there. This caused some resentment by the monks who at first refused to accept his bones. But they were accepted and buried in the church with all the honors due a saint. Aethelred was a close friend of Wilfrid of York. In 691 Aethelred gave the bishop sanctuary in Mercia after his exile from Northumbria. While welcomed by Aethelred he was not by Queen Osthryth. Wilfred was an old enemy of her brother king Ecgfrith of Northumbria. But Ostryth was not completely accepted in Mercia. She created the cult of Saint Oswald in Mercia which did little to help Mercians forget old feuds with Northumbria. In 697, Queen Osthryth was murdered by Mercian noblemen. She was suspected of having some part in the murder of Peada forty years earlier. By this time she had become a nun and had given up married life. In 704 Aethelred stepped down as king to become a monk. His nephew Cenred became King after him. Aethelred retired to the monastery of Bardney where his wife Osthryth had been buried. He became the abbot of Bardney although he remained aware of Mercian politics. Two years after giving up the throne he called his nephew, King Cenred, to Bardsley to ask him to remain on good terms with his old friend Bishop Wilfrid. Aethelred died in 716.

## Family

Athelred married Ostryth of Northumbria. Athelred may have married a second time. He had two known children but by which wife is uncertain:

- Ceolred, ruled as king of Mercia 709–716.
- Ceolwald, may have ruled briefly as king of Mercia in 716.

## Other websites

- The Kings of Mercia
P. L. Travers

**Pamela Lyndon Travers** OBE (**Helen Lyndon Goff**; 9 August 1899 – 23 April 1996) was an Australian-British writer, actress, and journalist.

Travers was known for writing the 1933 successful children's book _Mary Poppins_ and the seven sequels that followed. She worked with Walt Disney to make the 1964 movie version of the series, _Mary Poppins_.

Travers was born on 9 August 1899 in Maryborough, Queensland. She studied at Normanhurst Girls School. She adopted one son from Ireland, Camillus Travers Hone. He died in 2011. Travers died on 23 April 1996 in her London, England home from an epileptic seizure, aged 96.

## Other websites

- _Gurdjieff_ by P.L. Travers, from _Man, Myth and Magic: Encyclopedia of the Supernatural_ 12 vol., (London: Purnell, 1970–1971) reprinted on the _International Gurdjieff Review_ web site.
- _Finding aid_  to Papers of P. L. Travers in State Library of New South Wales (pdf file).
New York City Marathon

The **New York City Marathon** is a yearly marathon that goes through all five boroughs of New York City. The distance of the race is 26.219 miles. It starts at the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge and ends at Columbus Circle. It takes place on the first Sunday of November. It is one of the largest marathons in the world. 50,304 people ran the marathon in 2013. It has been held every year since 1970 except for 2012, when the race was cancelled because of Hurricane Sandy.

Most runners finish the 26.2-mile course during the day, but some participants continue into the evening. These runners often have personal challenges and inspiring stories. One such participant is Asha Noppeney from Germany. At age seven, she lost her right leg in a bicycle accident in Uganda. Despite this, she became an athlete and started running marathons at age 40. In the 2019 New York City Marathon, she finished after 13 hours, crossing the line at 10:05 p.m.
Bábism

**Bábism** is a religion. It was started in Persia in the middle of the 19th century. The founder was Mirza Ali Muhamed Reza ash-Shirazi. He claimed to be a kind of savior for Shi'a Muslims. He took the title _Báb_ (), meaning "gate" in Persian. Bábism was originally based on his interpretation of the Quran and other Islamic texts. There were similar movements like this, but the Bábí movement tried to break with Islam to start a new religion. It was opposed by the government in Persia, which used laws and violence to destroy it. Bábism continued in exile in the Ottoman Empire. It led to the creation of Azali Babism and the Bahá'í Faith.
The Mystery of the Vanished Prince

***The Mystery of the Vanished Prince*** is a children's novel by Enid Blyton. It was published in 1951. It is the ninth book in the _Five Find-Outers_ series.

The main characters in the story are Fatty, Bets, Pip, Larry and Daisy. The prince Bongahwah is kidnapped and the children solve this mystery.
North Platte, Nebraska

**North Platte** is a city in southwest Nebraska. It had 23,390 people in 2020. The climate of North Platte is semi-arid.
Óðr

In Norse mythology, **Óðr** (sometimes written in English as **Odr** or **Od**) is a man associated with the goddess Freyja. The _Prose Edda_ and _Heimskringla_, both by Snorri Sturluson, describe Óðr as Freyja's husband. They also describe him as the father of Freyja's daughter Hnoss. _Heimskringla_ adds that the couple had another daughter together, Gersemi.

Not much else is written about Óðr, except that he often went away on long journeys. Freyja wept when she missed him. Several scholars have suggested that Óðr may just have been another name for the god Odin.When Freyja wept, she wept  tears of red gold, which was very valuable and precious, and this is what she used to give to heroes to do jobs for her so that they had something to bargain with.
Alessandro Striggio

**Alessandro Striggio** (–1592) was an Italian composer and Musician of the Renaissance period. His music was well known throughout Europe and he was very influential in England.

His son, also named Alessandro Striggio, wrote the libretto for Monteverdi's _Orfeo_.
First Jewish–Roman War

The **First Jewish–Roman War** was the first and biggest of the Jewish–Roman wars in the Judaea province. It is often called **The Great Revolt**. It happened from 66–70 AD, and ended with the Empire winning.

It began in 66 AD in Caesarea, where there was religious tension between the Greek and Jewish population. It turned into an anti-taxation protest against Rome. In Caesarea, the Greeks sacrificed animals in front of a Jewish Synagogue. This resulted in the Jews ceasing sacrifices to the Roman Emperor. General Gallus went up against the rebels and lost a crucial battle at Beth Horon in 68 AD.

After this defeat, Emperor Nero replaced Gallus with Vespasian. He crushed the Northern and Southern leadership and the rebellion began to fall apart. Later that year, Nero was deposed. The Roman forces besieged Jerusalem and breached the walls by 70 AD. Once they got into the walls, the Roman soldiers burned and ransacked the city also destroying the Second Temple. The final stronghold at Masada was taken in 73 AD and when the Roman soldiers broke through the defences, they discovered all the defenders had committed suicide. As a result, most of the Jews in the area were scattered or sold into slavery. The final death toll, according to Josephus who was often wrong about numbers, was over one million.
Chvrches

**Chvrches** (pronounced "churches") are a Scottish synthpop band that started in Glasgow in 2011.

They released their first album, _The Bones of What You Believe_ on 20 September 2013. It got very good reviews. It was successful around the world. It reached No.9 in the UK Albums Chart and 12 in the US _Billboard_ 200. In December 2013 NME magazine put _The Bones of What You Believe_ at number 23 on their list of Best Albums Of 2013.

In 2015 they released their second album _Every Open Eye._ In 2018 they released their third album _Love Is Dead_. On 27 August 2021 they released their fourth album, _Screen Violence_.

From 2014 to the present they do concerts in Europe.

## Band members

- Lauren Mayberry - lead vocals, drums, percussion, additional synthesisers, sampler <small>(2011-present)</small>
- Martin Doherty - synthesisers, samplers, lead and backing vocals <small>(2011-present)</small>
- Iain Cook - synthesisers, guitar, bass guitar, backing vocals <small>(2011-present)</small>

- Touring musicians
- Jonny Scott – drums, percussion <small>(2018–present)</small>

## Awards and nominations

|Year|Organisation|Award|Result|Ref.||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan=2|2012|BBC Sound of 2013|Sound of 2013|style="background:lightgrey"|Fifth|||
|rowspan=3|Rober Awards Music Poll|Most Promising New Artist||||||
|rowspan="4"|2013|Best Pop Artist||rowspan=2||||
|Breakthrough Artist||||||||
|Grulke Prize Winner|South by Southwest|Inaugural Grulke Prize (for Developing Non-US Act)||||||
||Popjustice £20 Music Prize|Best British Pop Single for "The Mother We Share"||||||
|rowspan="3"|2014|A2IM Libera Awards|Breakthrough Artist of the Year|||||
|The SAY Awards|Scottish Album of the Year|||||||
|rowspan=2"|NME Awards|Best New Band||||||
|rowspan="2"|2015|Best British Band||||||
|Brit Awards|British Breakthrough Act|||||||
|2016|The SAY Awards|Scottish Album of the Year||||||
|rowspan=2|2018|iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards|Best Rock/Alternative Artist or Group|||||
|Best Art Vinyl|Best Art Vinyl for _Love is Dead_|||||||
|rowspan=2|2019|Sweden GAFFA Awards|Best Foreign Band|||||
|The SAY Awards|Scottish Album of the Year (Longlisted)|||||||
|2021|Consequence's 2021 Annual Report|Band of the Year||||||
|rowspan="6"|2022|rowspan="4"|NME Awards|Best Song in the World for "How Not to Drown"||rowspan="4'||
|Best Song by a UK Artist for "How Not to Drown"||||||||
|Best Band in the World||||||||
|Best Band from the UK||||||||
|rowspan=2|Denmark GAFFA Awards|Best International Band||rowspan=2||||
|Best International Album for _Screen Violence_||||||||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Chvrches
- **background**: group_or_band
- **image**: Chvrches 10-03-2016 -1 (30165768505).jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **caption**: Chvrches performing in Los Angeles in October 2016
- **origin**: Glasgow, Scotland
- **years active**: 2011–present
- **current members**: * Iain Cook
* Martin Doherty
* Lauren Mayberry
Yasuhiro Nakasone

was a Japanese politician. He was Prime Minister of Japan from 27 November 1982 to 6 November 1987. Nakasone was a friend of Brian Mulroney, Ronald Reagan, Helmut Kohl, François Mitterrand, Margaret Thatcher, and Mikhail Gorbachev.

He was best known for pushing through the privatization of state-owned companies, and for helping to revitalize Japanese nationalism during and after his term as prime minister. Nakasone was the oldest living Japanese prime minister. He turned 100 on 27 May 2018.

Nakasone died at Tokyo hospital on 29 November 2019 at the age of 101 years and 186 days.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Yasuhiro Nakasone
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Yasuhiro_Nakasone_19821127.jpg
- **office1**: Prime Minister of Japan
- **monarch1**: Hirohito, Shōwa
- **term start1**: 27 November 1982
- **term end1**: 6 November 1987
- **predecessor1**: Zenkō Suzuki
- **successor1**: Noboru Takeshita
- **office2**: House of Representatives (Japan), Member of the House of Representatives
- **term start2**: 26 April 1947
- **term end2**: 10 October 2004
- **constituency2**: Gunma 3rd district (1947–93), Gunma 3rd district (1947–1996)
Kantō region, Northern Kanto PR (1996–2004)
- **birth place**: Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
- **death place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **signature**: NakasoneY kao.png
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic Party
- **children**: Hirofumi Nakasone
- **alma mater**: University of Tokyo, Tokyo Imperial University
- **serviceyears**: 1941–1945
- **rank**: Lieutenant-commander (as Naval Paymaster)
- **battles**: World War II
Brian Mulroney

**Martin Brian Mulroney**  (March 20, 1939 – February 29, 2024) was a Canadian politician. He was the twenty-third Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984 to June 25, 1993, and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993.

His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement and the Goods and Services Tax, and the rejection of constitutional reforms such as the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord. He was also known for being very opposed to apartheid in South Africa. Prior to his political career, he was a prominent lawyer and businessman in Montreal.

Mulroney was born on March 20, 1939, in Baie-Comeau, Quebec. He is the son of Irish Canadian Catholic parents, Mary Irene (née O'Shea) and Benedict Martin Mulroney,

On February 29, 2024, Mulroney died at a hospital in Palm Beach, Florida at the age of eighty-four. He had been hospitalized from a fall at his home in Palm Beach.

## Other websites

- The 'Greenest' PM in History
- Ubben Lecture at DePauw University
- CBC Digital Archives – Brian Mulroney: The Negotiator
- "Martin Brian Mulroney," by Norman Hillmer

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: Brian Mulroney
- **honorific-suffix**: PC, CC, GOQ
- **image**: File:Brian Mulroney 2018.jpg
- **order**: 23rd
- **office**: Prime Minister of Canada
- **term start**: September 17, 1984
- **term end**: June 25, 1993
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **deputy**: Erik Nielsen <small>(1984-1986)</small>
Don Mazankowski <small>(1986-1993)</small>
- **predecessor**: John Turner
- **successor**: Kim Campbell
- **office2**: Leader of the Opposition (Canada), Leader of the Opposition
- **term start2**: August 29, 1983
- **term end2**: September 16, 1984
- **monarch2**: Elizabeth II
- **predecessor2**: Erik Nielsen
- **successor2**: John Turner
- **birth name**: Martin Brian Mulroney
- **birth place**: Baie-Comeau, Quebec, Canada
- **death place**: Palm Beach, Florida, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: Canadian
- **party**: Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, Progressive Conservative
- **spouse**: Mila Mulroney
- **signature**: Brian Mulroney Signature.svg
- **children**: Ben Mulroney, Ben, Mark, Nicolas, Caroline
- **alma mater**: St. Francis Xavier University
Université Laval
- **profession**: Lawyer
Businessman
- **constituency mp3**: Central Nova
- **term start3**: August 29, 1983
- **term end3**: September 4, 1984
- **predecessor3**: Elmer M. MacKay
- **successor3**: Elmer M. MacKay
- **constituency mp4**: Manicouagan (electoral district), Manicouagan
- **term start4**: September 4, 1984
- **term end4**: November 21, 1988
- **predecessor4**: André Maltais
- **successor4**: Charles Langlois (politician), Charles Langlois
- **constituency mp5**: Charlevoix (electoral district), Charlevoix
- **term start5**: November 21, 1988
- **term end5**: September 8, 1993
- **predecessor5**: Charles-André Hamelin, Charles Hamelin
- **successor5**: Gérard Asselin
Jim Leavelle

**James Robert "Jim" Leavelle** (August 23, 1920 – August 29, 2019) was a Dallas, Texas homicide detective who was escorting Lee Harvey Oswald through the basement of Dallas Police headquarters when Oswald was shot by Jack Ruby.

## Early life

Leavelle was born and raised in Red River County, Texas. He served in the United States Navy during World War II, and was a sailor on board the USS _Whitney_ during the December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor bombings.

## Career

He joined the Dallas Police Department in April 1950 and retired in April 1975.

Leavelle later said to author Joseph McBride that to him, the murder of President John F. Kennedy was "no different than a south Dallas nigger killing". This remark reveals that Leavelle was a racist who was not really concerned about who killed President Kennedy.

When Leavelle testified before the Warren Commission, he claimed that the first time he had ever sat in on an interrogation with Oswald was on Sunday morning, November 24, 1963. When Counsel Joseph Ball asked Leavelle if he had ever spoken to Oswald before this interrogation, he stated; "No; I had never talked to him before". Leavelle then stated during his testimony that; "...the only time I had connections with Oswald was this Sunday morning [November 24, 1963]. I never had [the] occasion to talk with him at any time..."

Leavelle believed that Oswald acted alone in killing Kennedy, and said that in a 2006 discussion, he was told by Oswald's brother Robert that he believes the same thing, "because I knew my brother."

## Death

Leavelle died at a hospital on August 29, 2019, at the age of 99 while on a trip to Denver, Colorado from a heart attack while recovering from hip surgery.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jim Leavelle
- **caption**: Leavelle while escorting Lee Harvey Oswald on November 24, 1963 moments before Oswald's assassination by Jack Ruby
- **image**: Jim Leavelle (clear).jpg
- **birth name**: James Robert Leavelle
- **birth place**: Red River County, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: Denver, Colorado, U.S.
- **death cause**: Myocardial infarction
- **nationality**: American
- **signature**: Jim Leavelle sign.jpg
Killing Lincoln (movie)

***Killing Lincoln*** is a 2013 American television movie that was based on Bill O'Reilly's book _Killing Lincoln_. It was narrated by Tom Hanks.

The television movie was produced by Ridley Scott and Tony Scott. It stars Billy Campbell and Jesse Johnson. It was released to positive reviews on February 17, 2013. Another television movie based on Bill O'Reilly's _Killing Kennedy_ was released on November 10, 2013 starring Rob Lowe.
Santa Ana winds

The **Santa Ana winds** are a kind of wind that happen in Southern California and northern Baja California. They are strong and extremely dry. They start in the mountains and blow towards the Pacific Ocean. They often happen during the autumn and winter. They cause wildfires to become worse.

These winds are a kind of katabatic wind, which means they come from the mountains.

Many people think the name "Santa Ana" comes from the Santa Ana Canyon in Orange County, California.
Battle of Prairie Grove

The **Battle of Prairie Grove** was an American Civil War battle. It was fought in Arkansas on December 7, 1862. Neither side won the battle, but the Union army was able to keep control of northwest Arkansas for the rest of the war.
Battle of Brandywine

The **Battle of Brandywine**, also known as the **Battle of Brandywine Creek**, was a battle between the American Continental Army of General George Washington and the British Army of General Sir William Howe on September 11, 1777, as part of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). The two sides met near Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania. More soldiers battled at Brandywine than any other battle of the American Revolution. It was the second longest one day battle of the war, beaten by the Battle of Monmouth, with the two sides fighting for 11 hours.

Result: British victory

Designated as world heritage site: March 18, 1952
Covington, Louisiana

**Covington** is a small city in the U.S. state of Louisiana. It is the parish seat of St. Tammany Parish.

## Movies filmed in Covington

|Year|Film|
| --- | --- |
|1995|_Dead Man Walking_|
|1995|_Kingfish: A Story of Huey Long_|
|1997|Kasi Lemmons' _Eve's Bayou_|
|2005|_Local Color_|
|2008|_The Yellow Handkerchief_|
|2009|_I Love You Phillip Morris_|
|2010|_The Pregnancy Pact_|
|2012|_The Lucky One_|
|2013|_Beautiful Creatures_|

## Other websites

- City of Covington official website
- Covington Business Association

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Covington, Louisiana
- **official name**: City of Covington
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Louisiana, City
- **image skyline**: JusticeCenter.jpg
- **image caption**: St. Tammany Parish Offices
- **image map**: File:St. Tammany Parish Louisiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Covington Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Covington in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana.
- **image map1**: Louisiana in United States (US48).svg
- **map caption1**: Location of Louisiana in the United States
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Covington, Louisiana
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Louisiana
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, St. Tammany
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1813
- **founder**: John Wharton Collins
- **named for**: Leonard Wailes Covington
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: [https://www.covla.com/mayors-office/ Mark R. Johnson]
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 21.12
- **area total sq mi**: 8.15
- **area land km2**: 20.77
- **area land sq mi**: 8.02
- **area water km2**: 0.35
- **area water sq mi**: 0.13
- **elevation ft**: 26
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 11564
- **population density km2**: 556.74
- **population density sq mi**: 1441.90
- **timezone1**: North American Central Time Zone, CD
T
- **utc offset1**: -6
- **timezone1 dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 70433, 70434, 70435
- **area code**: Area code 985, 985
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 22-18125
- **blank2 name sec2**: Wikimedia Commons
- **website**: http://www.covla.com
Long-Allen Bridge (Shreveport)

The **Long–Allen Bridge** is a truss bridge in Shreveport, Louisiana.

## Infobox (bridge)

- **bridge name**: Long–Allen Bridge
- **native name**: Texas Street Bridge
- **image**: Bossier City September 2015 08 (Long–Allen Bridge).jpg
- **caption**: The Long–Allen Bridge as viewed from Bossier City, Louisiana, Bossier City
- **carries**: 4 lanes of , pedestrians, and cyclists
- **crosses**: Red River of the South, Red River
- **open**: 1933
Ouachita Parish, Louisiana

**Ouachita Parish** () is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Its parish seat is Monroe. It was created in 1807 by the state government. As of the 2020 census, 160,368 people lived there.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Ouachita Parish
- **state**: Louisiana
- **type**: List of parishes in Louisiana, Parish
- **seat wl**: Monroe
- **largest city wl**: Monroe
- **area total km2**: 1636
- **area land km2**: 1581
- **area water km2**: 55
- **area percentage**: 3.4
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 160368
- **population density sq mi**: 262.7
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: oppj.org
- **founded**: March 31, 1807
- **named for**: Ouachita people
- **ex image**: Ouachita Parish Courthouse IMG 1301.JPG
- **ex image cap**: Ouachita Parish Courthouse in Monroe
- **district**: 5th
- **area codes**: Area code 318, 318
West Richland, Washington

**West Richland** is a city in Benton County, Washington, United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: West Richland, Washington
- **settlement type**: City
- **blank name sec1**: Official flower
- **blank info sec1**: _Phlox, Phlox longifolia_
- **image skyline**: West Richland city office complex - July 2013.JPG
- **image caption**: City Hall complex
- **image map**: Benton_County_Washington_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_West_Richland_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of West Richland, Washington
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Washington (state), Washington
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Washington, County
- **subdivision name2**: Benton County, Washington, Benton
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Mayor Pro Tem
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: June 13, 1955
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 57.71
- **area land km2**: 57.28
- **area water km2**: 0.43
- **area total sq mi**: 22.28
- **area land sq mi**: 22.11
- **area water sq mi**: 0.17
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 16295
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific (PST)
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 126
- **elevation ft**: 413
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 99352-99353
- **area code**: Area code 509, 509
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 53-77665
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1512794
West Monroe, Louisiana

**West Monroe** is the second-largest city in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Hammond, Louisiana

**Hammond** is the largest city in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, United States.

### Rail

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, is a common sight in Hammond. The old station is still in use and is located right in the middle of downtown.

### Highways

Part of Hammond's success is due to its location at the junction of two heavily travelled interstate highways:

|Number||Highway|
| --- | --- | --- |
|12||Interstate 12|
|55||Interstate 55|

Two U.S. Highways serve the city:

|Number||Highway|
| --- | --- | --- |
|51||U.S. Highway 51|
|190||U.S. Highway 190|

State highways serving the area include:

|Number||Highway|
| --- | --- | --- |
|443||LA 443|
|1040||LA 1040|
|1064||LA 1064|
|1065||LA 1065|
|1067||LA 1067|
|1249||LA 1249|
|3158||LA 3158|
|3234||LA 3234|
|3260||LA 3260|

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Hammond, Louisiana
- **official name**: City of Hammond
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in Louisiana, City
- **image skyline**: Hammond Oak 2023-12-26.jpg
- **image caption**: The Hammond Oak, located in the 500 block of East Charles Street: The grave of founder Peter av Hammerdal (Peter Hammond) is under this tree.
- **map caption**: Interactive map of Hammond
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, Tangipahoa
- **established title**: Settled
- **established title1**: Chartered
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Peter Michael Panepinto (R) (reelected 2018)
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 36.37
- **area total sq mi**: 14.04
- **area land km2**: 36.36
- **area land sq mi**: 14.04
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 43
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 19,584
- **population density sq mi**: 1395.17
- **timezone1**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset1**: −6
- **timezone1 dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: −5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 70401, 70403
- **area code**: Area code 985, 985
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 22-32755
- **website**: [http://www.hammond.org/ www.hammond.org]
Crowley, Louisiana

**Crowley** is the parish seat of Acadia Parish, Louisiana, United States. Over 60% of the population are non-Hispanic whites.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Crowley, Louisiana
- **official name**: City of Crowley
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in Louisiana, City
- **image skyline**: ChrisLitherlandCrowley.jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Crowley
- **nickname**: Rice Capital of America
- **motto**: Where Life Is Rice And Easy
- **map caption**: Interactive map of Crowley
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Acadia Parish, Louisiana, Acadia
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **founder**: Cornelius C. Duson, C.C. Duson and W.W.  Duson
- **named for**: Patrick Crowley, railroad owner
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Police Chief
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 15.16
- **area total sq mi**: 5.85
- **area land km2**: 15.15
- **area land sq mi**: 5.85
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 20
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 11710
- **population density km2**: 772.70
- **population density sq mi**: 2001.37
- **timezone1**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset1**: -6
- **timezone1 dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 70526
- **area code**: Area code 337, 337
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 22-18650
- **blank2 name sec2**: Wikimedia Commons
- **website**: [http://www.crowley-la.com/ crowley-la.com]
Nicola Pfund

**Nicola Pfund** (born November 7, 1960 in Sorengo) is a Swiss Italian writer, blogger and journalist.

## Biography

He comes from Canton Schaffhausen, but he was born in Sorengo (Canton Ticino). After studying at a teacher-training college, he got a diploma as  librarian-documentalist and later as General Culture teacher. Currently he teaches at a vocational school and he writes for some newspapers as a sports journalist (member sportpress.ch and AIPS). He is the author of several books in the historical, educational, sports and travel fields. In particular, his tales about cycling trips in Switzerland and over the Alpine passes are well known and they sometimes offer new and original information about the country.
In 2012, he created a sports blog (triathlon, ecology and ethics in sports) that rapidly became one of the most visited in the Italian language area. Enough to be selected among the seven biggest bloggers of Switzerland involved in a new project of the blogosphere, for the circulation of information concerning the “Energy Strategy 2050” of Switzerland.

## Bibliography

- _Triathleta per passione: viaggio alla scoperta di uno sport affascinante_, Lugano, Fontana, 2003.
- _Breganzona: echi dalla collina di ponente_, Lugano, Fontana, 2005.
- _L'ABC del perfetto ricercatore_, Lugano, Fontana, 2007.
- _La Svizzera in bicicletta_, Lugano, Fontana, 2008.
- _Fare ricerca a scuola: notizie utili per svolgere piccole o grandi ricerche a scuola_, Lugano, GLIMI, 2010.
- _Sui passi in bicicletta – Swiss Alpine passes by bicycle_, Lugano, Fontana, 2012.
- _La filosofia del Jogger_, Bellinzona, Salvioni, 2012.
- _A-Z fitness: sport, benessere, salute_, Lugano, Fontana Edizioni, 2014.
- _Allenare il corpo, allenare la mente_, Firenze, Giunti Editore, 2015.
- _In bicicletta su e giù per il Ticino: 26 salite imperdibili alla scoperta di un territorio_, Lugano, Fontana Edizioni, 2020.
- _Guida letteraria della Svizzera italiana. Distretto di Lugano_, Bellinzona, DECS, 2021.
- ''StraLugano: 15 anni di corsa (2006-2015), Associazione StraLugano, 2022.

## Other websites

- Nicola Pfund in Viceversaletteratura.ch
- Biography in ASSI.ch
- Bibliography in theeuropeanlibrary.com
- Bibliography in swissbib.ch
- Bibliography in Sistema bibliotecario ticinese
- Bibliography in OPAC SBN Italian
- Web/blog
Hesperides

The **Hesperides** () are nymphs in Greek mythology. They look after a peaceful garden in the far west of the world. The garden is located near the Atlas mountain range in far western Libya and close to the edge of the known world (the Pillars of Hercules), probably in the city of Lixus in modern Morocco. The garden originally belonged to Zeus but was given to Hera as a wedding gift. The garden was protected by the hundred-headed dragon Ladon and was famous for containing trees with golden apples that could grant immortality and the eleventh labor of Hercules also took place there. The oldest versions say that the Hesperides were the daughters of Nyx, but in later versions, considering the definitive ones, it will be said that they were the daughters of the first legendary king of Mauretania (a kingdom located in Morocco and Western Algeria), the titan Atlas, and of Hesperis.
Stochastic process

A **Stochastic process** is a mathematical description of random events that occur one after another. It is possible to order these events according to the time at which they occur.

This can be used to model such things as daily weather data, or exchange rate changes, or medical information like a patient's EKG, EEG, blood pressure or temperature.

Stochastic processes used in various disciplines, including physics, biology, finance, telecommunications, and operations research. They provide a powerful framework for analyzing and predicting the behavior of systems under uncertain conditions.