juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Proprietary software

**Proprietary software** (or closed source software) does not let people see or change source code of the computer software. It is the opposite of free software. Proprietary software is usually created by businesses who want to sell their software, but some programs that are free to use are still proprietary because the user is not allowed to change them. With proprietary software, only the people that make the software can see and change the code.

Even if the people who make the program give the source code to other people, the program will be proprietary if they do not allow to do important things like these:
- Change the code;
- Give the code to other people;
- Give the changed code to other people;
- Use the code on a different computer;

Most companies who sell their software for money (and even some who do not charge money for it) make it proprietary source. This makes it harder for people to copy and change the software, or to use the source code to make similar software. It helps prevent a user from pretending to be the author of someone else's work (a way of plagiarism).

## Related pages

- Freeware, software that is free to use but is not allowed to change.
Dhaka Division

**Dhaka Division** is an administrative division of Bangladesh. The capital and largest city is Dhaka. The division has an area of . It has a population of 38,678,000. The Dhaka division is next to the Indian state of Meghalaya to the north, Barisal and Chittagong Divisions on the south, Sylhet Division to the east, Rajshahi and Khulna Divisions to the west.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Dhaka Division
- **native name**: ঢাকা বিভাগ
- **native name lang**: bn
- **settlement type**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **image map**: বাংলাদেশে ঢাকা বিভাগ.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Bangladesh showing Dhaka division
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 31,051
- **population total**: 46,729,000
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset1**: +6
Dhaka (disambiguation)

**Dhaka** may refer to:

- Dhaka - the capital of Bangladesh.
- Dhaka District - a district of Bangladesh.
- Dhaka Division - a division of Bangladesh.
- Kala Dhaka - a mountain range and tribal area of Mansehra District, Pakistan.
Muridke Tehsil

**Muridke Tehsil** is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Sheikhupura District, Punjab, Pakistan. The tehsil was formerly part of Ferozewala Tehsil until 2005, when it was separated from Ferozewal and became another of Sheikhupura's tehsils. It is headquartered at the city of Muridke. Besides various villages it includes the town of Narang Mandi.
The 'Ravi Rayon' factory  complex is very famous industry in Muridke.
Rice Reasurch Institute is popular place in Kala Shah Kaku.
Ratodero Taluka

**Ratodero** (Sindhi**:** رتوديرو) is a taluka of Larkana District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The Ratodero taluka is about 28 km from the district capital Larkana.
Swabi Tehsil

**Swabi** is a tehsil of Swabi District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is administratively divided into twenty Union Councils.
Mehrgarh

**Mehrgarh**, () one of the most important Neolithic (7000 BC to 3200 BC) sites in archaeology, lies on the Kachhi Plain of Balochistan, Pakistan. It is one of the earliest sites with evidence of farming (wheat and barley) and herding (cattle, sheep and goats) in South Asia.

It was rediscovered about 1974.
Mohenjo-daro

**Mohenjo-daro**  (; ) is an ancient city in Pakistan, in the modern-day province of Sindh. It was built around 2500 BCE and was the biggest town of the ancient Indus Valley civilization. Mohenjo-daro is a famous archeological site and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Mohenjo-daro was one of the earliest big cities in the world, like others in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Crete, and Norte Chico. People also call it the 'Mound of the Dead Men'.

Mohenjo-daro existed at the same time as the civilization of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece. The archaeological ruins of the city are designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In Pakistan, it is one of the national icons of the distant past.

## Historical context

Mohenjo-daro was built in the 26th century BCE. It was one of the largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, which developed around 3000 BCE from the prehistoric Indus culture.

At its height, the Indus Civilization spanned much of what is now Pakistan and some parts of northwest India. It also had an outpost in Bactria. There were major urban centers at Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.

Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning. However, when the Indus civilization went into sudden decline around 1900 BCE, Mohenjo-daro was abandoned.

### "The Dancing Girl"

"The Dancing Girl", an artifact found in Mohenjo-daro, is around 4500 years old. The 10.8 cm long bronze statue was found in 1926 in a house in the ancient city. She was British archaeologist Mortimer Wheeler's favorite statuette, as he said in a 1973 television program:

> "There is her... pouting lips and insolent look in the eyes. She's about fifteen years old I should think, not more, but she stands there with bangles all the way up her arm and nothing else on. A girl perfectly, for the moment, perfectly confident of herself and the world. There's nothing like her, I think, in the world".

John Marshall, one of the excavators at Mohenjo-daro, described her as a vivid impression of the young ... _girl, her hand on her hip in a half-impudent posture, and legs slightly forward as she beats time to the music with her legs and feet._

### "The Priest King"

A seated male sculpture is the so-called "Priest King" (even though there is no evidence that either priests or kings ruled the city). Archaeologists discovered the sculpture in Lower town at Mohenjo-daro in 1927. It was found in an unusual house with ornamental brickwork and a wall niche and was lying between brick foundation walls which once held up a floor.

This bearded sculpture wears a fillet around the head, an armband, and a cloak decorated with trefoil patterns that were originally filled with red pigment.
Kot Diji

The ancient site at **Kot Diji** () was the forerunner of the Indus Civilization. The people of this site lived about 3000 BC. The remains consist of two parts; the citadel area on high ground, and the outer area.

Kot Diji is located about 22 kilometres south of Khairpur in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. The site is at the foot of the hills.  There a fort (Kot Diji Fort) was built around 1790 by the Talpur ruler of Upper Sindh, Mir Suhrab, who ruled from 1783 to 1830. This fort built on the ridge of a steep narrow hill is well preserved.

## Recent developments

Today, Kot Diji is on the way to becoming a more developed area. It has broadband and Wi-Fi internet connections, and all the cellular network service providers are active in the area. Many private and government schools, teaching in English, Urdu, and Hindi, are in Kot Diji.  A new shopping centre called "Khazana" has also been built in the city.

## Other websites

- Kot Diji Fort Latest Pictures *
Chanhu-daro

**Chanhudaro** (also **Chanhu Daro**) is an archaeological site. It was a part of the Jhukar phase of Indus valley civilization. The site is located  south of Mohenjo-daro, in Sindh, Pakistan. People lived in the settlement between 4000-1700 BC. Chanhudaro is believed to have been a centre for manufacturing carnelian beads.

Digging first started in Chanhudaro in the middle of the 1930s by the American School of Indic and Iranian Studies and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. After the creation of Pakistan, Mohammed Rafique Mughal also did work in the area.
Harappa

**Harappa** (****) is an archaeological site in Punjab, northeast Pakistan. It is about 35 km (22 miles) southwest of Sahiwal. A village with the same name is located about 6 kilometres from the site. About 15,000 people live there.

The site got little attention until the 1920s. In 2005, an amusement park scheme was abandoned during the early stages of building work. Harrapa is a beautiful place

The site contains the ruins of a city from the Bronze Age. The people living in Harappa were part of the Indus Valley Civilization.
National Hockey League rules

While the **National Hockey League** (NHL) follows the general **rules** of ice hockey, it is slightly different from those used in international games organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation such as the Olympics.

## Other websites

- Official NHL Rulebook
Gilgit Agency

**Gilgit Agency** () was the name of most of the area of northern Kashmir which formed a de facto dependency of Pakistan from 1947 to 1970, which was then merged into Northern Areas. The Agency was administered directly from Islamabad separately from the neighbouring state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and the princely states of Hunza-Nagar District. The area of the Agency comprised the traditional region of Gilgit. The Agency also bordered the Sinkiang region of China to the northeast, the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir to the south, Baltistan to east, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west. Both India and Pakistan recognise the regions of Gilgit and Baltistan as disputed and technically part of the divided State of Jammu & Kashmir.

The chief towns of the Agency were Gilgit and Skardu with the small town of Ghyari also holding significance for Shia Muslims as the site of a mosque built by Sayyid Ali Hamadani, a fourteenth century Persian who brought Islam to the region
Latifabad Tehsil

**Latifabad Taluka** is an administrative subdivision (taluka) of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The city of Latifabad is the headquarters of the subdivision.
Aar

The **Aar** (German: _Aare_) is a tributary of the Rhine and is the longest river that both comes up from and ends completely inside of Switzerland.
Mehar Tehsil

Mehar is a town in Dadu District, Sindh, Pakistan, with a rich history dating back to 1848 when it was created as a subdivision of Dadu District during British rule. The town has a population of around 520,559 people, with Sindhi being the primary language spoken (99.7%) ¹ ².

Geography and Climate*

Mehar is located at 27°10′42″N 67°49′25″E, with an elevation of 43 meters (141 ft) above sea level. The area is irrigated by the Western Nāra canal and its smaller channels, making it suitable for farming ¹ ².

History and Culture*

Mehar has a long history, with records showing that it was once a fertile area, but floods in 1874 led to the water becoming brackish, and many gardens were lost. The town is home to several notable figures, including Liaquat Ali Jatoi, the former Chief Minister of Sindh, and Fayaz Ali Butt, a provincial Minister ¹ ³.

Notable Figures*

- *Mir Thebo*: A left-wing politician from Mehar, born on December 15, 1946, who later left Pakistan and now lives in Austin, Texas, United States.

- *Mir Sher Muhammad Talpur*: The last Mir of Mirpur Khas, who belonged to the Manikani house of the Talpur dynasty, and played a significant role in the Battle of Hyderabad in 1843 ⁴ ⁵.

- *Pir Meher Ali Shah*: A Punjabi Muslim Sufi scholar and mystic poet from Punjab, British India (present-day Pakistan), known for his anti-Ahmadiyya movement ⁶.

Administrative Divisions*

Mehar is administratively subdivided into 15 Union Councils, including Mehar, Balishah, Bothro, Baledai, Betto, Fareedabad, Gahi Mahessar, Kolachi, Khan Jo Goth, Mandwani, Nau Goth, Qazi Aarif, Radhan, Shah Panjo, and Tharari Mohabat.
Qasimabad Tehsil

**Qasimabad Taluka** is an administrative subdivision (taluka) of Hyderabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan
Mary

**Mary** [ **mer**-ee, **mair**-ee ] is a female given name. It can refer to:

- Mary (mother of Jesus)
- Mary Magdalene
- Mary of Bethany
- Mary, Queen of Scots
- Mary I of England
The name Mary has been a popular name for centuries and continues to be commonly used today. Its rich history and association with various meanings and interpretations make it a name of great significance. The name Mary has been used across different cultures and languages, and it has been given to numerous women throughout history. The name Mary is derived from the Hebrew name Miriam, which translates to "bitterness" or "rebellion." In the Bible, Mary is revered as the mother of Jesus Christ, and she symbolizes purity, grace, and devotion. She is also referred to as the "Queen of Heaven" and is recognized as one of the most significant figures in Christianity. This name was ranked #133 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People

- Mary Shelley, British writer (1797–1851)
- Mary Morrissey, American writer
Asea Brown Boveri

**ABB** Group is a power and automation company based in Zürich, Switzerland. It is one of the world's largest engineering multinationals with operations in around 100 countries. The company has five divisions: Power Products, Power Systems, Discrete Automation & Motion, Low Voltage Products and Process Automation.

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: ABB Ltd.
- **company logo**: ABB logo.svg
- **company type**: Public company, Public (, , )
- **foundation**: 1988 through merger of ASEA (1883) of Sweden and Brown, Boveri & Cie (1891) of Switzerland
- **location**: Zürich City, Zürich, Switzerland
- **key people**: Ulrich Spiesshofer chief executive officer, CEO
- **num employees**: 140,000 (2014)
- **industry**: motive power, Power technology, Industrial automation
- **revenue**: $31.8 billion United States dollar, USD (2009)
- **homepage**: [http://www.abb.com/ www.abb.com]
Samaro

**Samaro** is a town in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is at 25°16'60N 69°23'45E and has an altitude of 11 metres (39 feet), the town is the headquarters of a taluka (an administrative subdivision) of Umerkot District.
Fatehpur Thakiala Tehsil

**Fatehpur Thakiala** is one of the three tehsils, (administrative subdivisions), of Kotli District, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is also called Nakyal.
Alamanni

The **Alamanni**, **Allemanni**, or **Alemanni** were a group of west Germanic peoples. They lived around the upper Main, which is the longest tributary of the Rhine. They expanded their territory around parts of Germania and present-day Alsace. The land they lived on was called Alemannia.

## Other use

- Alemannic German
Sibi Tehsil

**Sibi Tehsil** () is a subdivision (tehsil) of Sibi District in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.
Schloss Lenzburg

**Schloss Lenzburg** (also known as **Lenzburg Castle**) is a castle that was started above the older part of the town of Lenzburg in the Canton of Aargau, Switzerland. It is one of the oldest castles in Switzerland.
Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil

**Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil** is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Dera Ismail Khan District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

## Administration

The tehsil is administratively divided into 21 Union Councils, four of which form the headquarters - Dera Ismail Khan.
Gojal

**Gojal Tehsil** (), also known as Upper Hunza is the largest tehsil of the Gilgit District, Northern Areas of Pakistan, it is north of the Gilgit region and is close to the Chinese border.

Gojal is a network of small and large valleys sharing borders with Hunza in the South, China in the North and East and Afghanistan in the North West. Shishkat is the first village of Gojal. Except for the Shimshal, Misgar and Chipursan valleys, all villages of Gojal can be seen while travelling on the Karakuram Highway.

The Karakorum Highway (KKH) crosses Gojal entering China at the Khunjerab Pass linking Pakistan to China and, in the future, other Central Asian states such as Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan.
Gojra Tehsil

**Gojra Tehsil** is a part (tehsil) of Toba Tek Singh District in Punjab, Pakistan. It has an area of 1,115 km² and is administratively separated into 24 Union Councils, 6 of which form the tehsil capital Gojra.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Gojra Tehsil
- **settlement type**: Tehsil
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Pakistan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Pakistan
- **subdivision type1**: Subdivisions of Pakistan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Punjab (Pakistan), Punjab
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Pakistan, District
- **subdivision name2**: Toba Tek Singh District
- **subdivision type3**: Capital
- **subdivision name3**: Gojra
- **subdivision type4**: Towns
- **subdivision name4**: 1
- **subdivision type5**: Union councils
- **subdivision name5**: 24
- **leader title**: Nazim
- **leader title1**: Naib nazim
- **area total km2**: 1115
- **timezone**: Pakistan Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: +5
- **timezone dst**: Pakistan Standard Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: +6
Guanaco

The **guanaco** (_Lama guanicoe_) is camelid animal native to South America. Guanacos are usually found in small herds or loosely structured family groups.

## Description

When a member of the herd picks up the slightest hint of danger, it makes a high-pitched warning call, causing the other guanacos to flee swiftly and nimbly across the steep and uneven terrain.

## Diet

Guanacos generally live at high elevations, grazing on grasses and browsing on leaves and buds.
They can get by without water for long periods of time, obtaining moisture from the plants they eat.
Vicuña

The **vicuña** (_Vicugna vicugna_) is one of two wild South American camelids. The vicuña is the smallest of the camelids. It has had an interesting relationship with humans over time.

## General characteristics

The main colour of the soft, wooly coat (hair) is ochre, light cinnamon, or reddish brown. The lower part of the body, the inside of the legs, and the underside of the head are white. On the chest, at the base of the neck, there is a 'mane' of white hairs. They can be 20-30 cm (8-12 inches) in length. The vicuña is very slender (slim). It has long neck and skinny limbs.  The head is small and wedge shaped. The ears are small and triangular. The incisors (front teeth) of the vicuña are always growing. It is the only even toed-ungulate with teeth that always grow. The enamel is on only one side. This is because of the tough grasses which they eat.

## Distribution

The vicuña lives in grasslands at elevations of 3,500-5,800 meters (11,700-19,300 feet) in the Andes mountains of Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile.
Nocturnes (Debussy)

- _This article is about the orchestral suite by Claude Debussy. For other musical compositions called "Nocturne", see Nocturne._

***Nocturnes*** is a piece of music for orchestra by the French composer Claude Debussy.  There are three movements.  A female chorus also sings in the last movement.  Debussy finished writing "Nocturnes" on  15 December 1899.

## The music

The three movements each have a title.  They are:
- I. _Nuages_ ("Clouds")
- II. _Fêtes_ ("Festivals")
- III. _Sirènes_ ("Sirens")

A large portion of Debussy’s music, including his nocturnes, is inspired by the works of the Impressionist painters.  The word nocturne (from the Latin _nocturnus_) usually describes a piece that is inspired by the night.  However, Debussy's Nocturnes do not follow this patter; rather, they capture the way light is shown in Impressionist paintings.

'Nuages' is about the clouds in the sky and the way they move slowly in grey colours with a little white.

'Fêtes' is a very lively picture of a group of people having a celebration and dancing.  A procession is heard arriving.  The music of the procession gradually gets louder,  mixes with the music of the dancing, then it gradually dies away as the procession disappears into the distance.

'Sirènes' describes the sea and the many rhythms that can be heard when we listen to it.  The moonlight shines on the sea, and the mysterious song of the Sirens is heard as they laugh.

## First performances

The Lamoureux Orchestra conducted by Camille Chevillard gave the first performance of _Nuages_ and _Fêtes_ in Paris in 1900, and they played the first performance of all three movements the next year.  Some of the listeners found it hard to understand at first, but today "Nocturnes"  is one of Debussy’s most popular works.

The music lasts for about 22 minutes.
Indiana Pacers

The **Indiana Pacers** are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Indianapolis, Indiana. They began playing in the American Basketball Association (ABA) from 1967 to 1976. They are named after the pace car used for the Indianapolis 500. The Pacers joined the NBA in 1976. They play their home games at Gainbridge Fieldhouse.

## Infobox (basketball club)

- **name**: Indiana Pacers
- **current**: 2024–25 Indiana Pacers season
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **conference**: Eastern Conference (NBA), Eastern
- **division**: Central Division (NBA), Central
- **founded**: 1967
- **history**: **Indiana Pacers**
1967–1976 (ABA)
1976–present (NBA)
- **arena**: Gainbridge Fieldhouse
- **location**: Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
- **colors**: Navy blue, gold, cool gray

- **sponsor**: Motorola Mobility, Motorola
- **owner**: Herbert Simon (real estate), Herbert Simon
- **president**: Kevin Pritchard
- **gm**: Chad Buchanan
- **coach**: Rick Carlisle
- **affiliation**: Fort Wayne Mad Ants
- **league champs**: **3**
**ABA: 3** (1970 ABA Playoffs, 1970, 1972 ABA Playoffs, 1972, 1973 ABA Playoffs, 1973)
**NBA: 0**
- **conf champs**: **1** (2000 NBA Playoffs, 2000)
- **div champs**: **9**
**ABA: 3** (1968–69 ABA season, 1969, 1969–70 ABA season, 1970, 1970–71 ABA season, 1971)
**NBA: 6** (1994–95 NBA season, 1995, 1998–99 NBA season, 1999, 1999–2000 NBA season, 2000, 2003–04 NBA season, 2004, 2012–13 NBA season, 2013, 2013–14 NBA season, 2014)
- **ret nums**: **6** (Bill Russell, 6, George McGinnis, 30, Reggie Miller, 31, Mel Daniels, 34, Roger Brown (basketball, born 1942), 35, Bobby Leonard, 529)
- **1 title**: Association
- **1 pattern b**: _indianapacers_association
- **1 pattern s**: _indianapacers_association
- **2 title**: Icon
- **2 pattern b**: _indianapacers_icon
- **2 pattern s**: _indianapacers_icon
- **3 title**: Statement
- **3 pattern b**: _indianapacers_statement
- **3 pattern s**: _indianapacers_statement
Fan (machine)

**Fans** are a device used for cooling many things down when they are hot, especially:
1. A machine using an electric motor to rotate vanes in order to move air for cooling.
1. A tool whose shape is often a long triangle, circle, or semicircle. Made of feathers, leaves, paper, cloth, etc., people usually wave it lightly in a hand to create a cooling current of air.

## Types of fans

- Table Fans: small size, appropriate for personal space, cheap price, economical cooling
- Pedestal Fans: height can be changed, provide powerful air
- Window Fans: save space, bring in fresh air
- Wall Mount Fans: save space, offer more air, suit for industrial environment
- Floor Fans: offer more air, save space, suit for offices and warehouses
- Tower Fans: small space, vertical shape, quiet
- Ceiling Fans: on the ceiling, have a lot of styles to match room's decoration
- Box Fans: flexible, suit for various need of rooms
- Misting Fans: suit for outside areas, creates a mist to increase cooling for hot days
- Industrial Fans and Blowers: made of durable metal or steel
- Decorative Fans: has a lot of different styles
- Bathroom Exhaust Fans: used in bathroom, prevent from excess moisture
- Bladeless fans have no visible blades. They are not actually bladeless, the blades are hidden in the base of the fan.

## Origin of fans

The fan making history is at least 3000 years long, and the earliest known fans date from 3000 BC, according to the record. Fans were first made in China. The first European folding fans were brought into Europe by businessmen and religious orders from China, and they were considered as a status symbol in Europe.
Washington Wizards

The **Washington Wizards** are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Washington, D.C. at the Verizon Center. They were known as the **Washington Bullets** from 1974–1997 and were formed as the **Chicago Packers** in 1961. Michael Jordan came out of his second retirement to play with the Washington Wizards from 2001–02 and was the Wizards' president of basketball operations from 2001 - 2003 until he was fired by Wizards' majority owner Abe Pollin.

## History

The team won an NBA Championship in 1978 over the Seattle SuperSonics. Wes Unseld was the Most Valuable Player of the NBA Finals.

## Infobox (basketball club)

- **name**: Washington Wizards
- **current**: 2022–23 Washington Wizards season
- **logo**: Washington Wizards wordmark.gif
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **conference**: Eastern Conference (NBA), Eastern
- **division**: Southeast Division (NBA), Southeast
- **founded**: 1961
- **history**: **Chicago Packers**
1961–1962
**Chicago Zephyrs**
1962–1963
**Baltimore Bullets**
1963–1973
**Capital Bullets**
1973–1974
**Washington Bullets**
1974–1997
**Washington Wizards**
1997–present
- **arena**: Capital One Arena
- **location**: Washington, D.C.
- **colors**: Red, navy blue, silver, white

- **owner**: Monumental Sports & Entertainment
- **sponsor**: GEICO
- **gm**: Tommy Sheppard
- **coach**: Wes Unseld Jr.
- **affiliation**: Capital City Go-Go
- **league champs**: **1** (1978 NBA Finals, 1978)
- **conf champs**: **4** (1971 NBA Playoffs, 1971, 1975 NBA Playoffs, 1975, 1978 NBA Playoffs, 1978, 1979 NBA Playoffs, 1979)
- **div champs**: **8** (1968–69 NBA season, 1969, 1970–71 NBA season, 1971, 1971–72 NBA season, 1972, 1972–73 NBA season, 1973, 1973–74 NBA season, 1974, 1974–75 NBA season, 1975, 1978–79 NBA season, 1979, 2016–17 NBA season, 2017)
- **ret nums**: **5** (Earl Monroe, 10, Elvin Hayes, 11, Gus Johnson (basketball), 25, Wes Unseld, 41, Phil Chenier, 45)
- **1 title**: Association
- **1 pattern b**: _2018-19_WAS_association
- **1 pattern s**: _2018-19_WAS_association
- **2 title**: Icon
- **2 pattern b**: _2018-19_WAS_icon
- **2 pattern s**: _2018-19_WAS_icon
- **3 title**: Statement
- **3 pattern b**: _2018-19_WAS_statement
- **3 pattern s**: _2018-19_WAS_statement
Orlando Magic

The **Orlando Magic** are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Orlando, Florida. They began playing in 1989. They play their home games at the Kia Center. They are the only team in the "big four" sports leagues to be based in Orlando. Steve Clifford is the current owner of the team.

## Infobox (basketball club)

- **name**: Orlando Magic
- **current**: 2022–23 Orlando Magic season
- **logo**: Orlando Magic wordmark logo 2008-current.gif
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **conference**: Eastern Conference (NBA), Eastern
- **division**: Southeast Division (NBA), Southeast
- **founded**: 1989
- **history**: **Orlando Magic**
1989–present
- **arena**: Kia Center
- **location**: Orlando, Florida
- **colors**: Blue, black, silver

- **sponsor**: Walt Disney World
- **owner**: RDV Sports, Inc.
(Dan DeVos, chairman)
- **ceo**: Alex Martins
- **president**: Jeff Weltman
- **gm**: John Hammond (basketball), John Hammond
- **coach**: Jamahl Mosley
- **affiliation**: Lakeland Magic
- **league champs**: **0**
- **conf champs**: **2** (1995 NBA Playoffs, 1995, 2009 NBA Playoffs, 2009)
- **div champs**: **6** (1994–95 NBA season, 1995, 1995–96 NBA season, 1996, 2007–08 NBA season, 2008, 2008–09 NBA season, 2009, 2009–10 NBA season, 2010, 2018–19 NBA season, 2019)
- **ret nums**: **3** (Sixth man (fans), 6, Bill Russell, 6, Shaquille O'Neal, 32)
- **1 title**: Association
- **1 pattern b**: _2018-19_ORL_association
- **1 pattern s**: _2018-19_ORL_association
- **2 title**: Icon
- **2 pattern b**: _2018-19_ORL_icon
- **2 pattern s**: _2018-19_ORL_icon
- **3 title**: Statement
- **3 pattern b**: _2018-19_ORL_statement
- **3 pattern s**: _2018-19_ORL_statement
Charlotte Hornets (NBA)

The **Charlotte Hornets** are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Charlotte, North Carolina. They play their home games at the Spectrum Center. Most of the team is owned by Michael Jordan, who was a star player for the Chicago Bulls in the 1980s and 1990s. The team started playing in 2004 as the **Charlotte Bobcats**, and was the second NBA team to play in Charlotte (the New Orleans Pelicans had played in Charlotte as the Hornets from 1988 to 2002). In 2010, the Bobcats made the playoffs for the first time.

After the New Orleans Hornets renamed themselves the Pelicans in 2013, they gave the "Hornets" name back to the NBA. The Bobcats soon announced they would rename themselves the Hornets beginning with the 2014–15 NBA season, and the name change became official on May 20, 2014.

At the time of the change to "Hornets", the team also said that it had reached a deal with the NBA and the Pelicans to split the Pelicans' history and records between the two teams:
- Records from the first Charlotte Hornets while in that city (1988 to 2002) belong to the current Hornets.
- Records from the first Hornets' move to New Orleans in 2002 until that team's name change to Pelicans in 2013 belong to the Pelicans.

## Infobox (basketball club)

- **name**: Charlotte Hornets
- **current**: 2022–23 Charlotte Hornets season
- **logo**: Charlotte hornets-wordmark.png
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **conference**: Eastern Conference (NBA), Eastern
- **division**: Southeast Division (NBA), Southeast
- **founded**: 1988
- **history**: **Charlotte Hornets**
1988–2002, 2014–present
**Charlotte Bobcats**
2004–2014
- **arena**: Spectrum Center (arena), Spectrum Center
- **location**: Charlotte, North Carolina
- **colors**: Teal, dark purple, gray

- **sponsor**: LendingTree
- **president**: Mitch Kupchak
- **gm**: Mitch Kupchak
- **owner**: Michael Jordan
- **coach**: Steve Clifford
- **affiliation**: Greensboro Swarm
- **league champs**: **0**
- **conf champs**: **0**
- **div champs**: **0**
- **ret nums**: **2** (Bill Russell, 6, Bobby Phills, 13)
- **1 title**: Association
- **1 pattern b**: _2018-19_CHO_association
- **1 pattern s**: _2018-19_CHO_association
- **2 title**: Icon
- **2 pattern b**: _2018-19_CHO_icon
- **2 pattern s**: _2018-19_CHO_icon
- **3 title**: Statement
- **3 pattern b**: _2018-19_CHO_statement
- **3 pattern s**: _2018-19_CHO_statement
Denver Nuggets

The **Denver Nuggets** are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Denver, Colorado. They play their home games at Ball Arena, formerly known as **Pepsi Center**. Carmelo Anthony, Chauncey Billups, Dikembe Mutombo, Allen Iverson,  J.R. Smith, Kenyon Martin, Juwan Howard, Nick Van Exel,  and Nenê used to play for them. Led by current stars Nikola Jokić, Jamal Murray, and Aaron Gordon, the Nuggets made their first Finals appearance in 2023 facing the Miami Heat, winning 4 games to 1 to win their first NBA championship.

## Infobox (basketball club)

- **name**: Denver Nuggets
- **current**: 2022–23 Denver Nuggets season
- **logo**: Denver Nuggets wordmark.gif
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **conference**: Western Conference (NBA), Western
- **division**: Northwest Division (NBA), Northwest
- **founded**: 1967
- **history**: **Denver Rockets**
1967–1974 (ABA)
**Denver Nuggets**
1974–1976 (ABA)
1976–present (NBA)
- **arena**: Ball Arena
- **location**: Denver, Denver, Colorado
- **colors**: Midnight blue, sunshine yellow, Flatirons red, skyline blue

- **sponsor**: Western Union
- **president**: Tim Connelly
- **gm**: Artūras Karnišovas
- **coach**: Michael Malone (basketball), Michael Malone
- **owner**: Ann Walton Kroenke
- **affiliation**: None
- **league champs**: **1** (2023 NBA Finals, 2023)
- **conf champs**: **1** (2023)
- **div champs**: **12**
**ABA: 2** (1969–70 ABA season, 1970, 1974–75 ABA season, 1975)
**NBA: 10** (1976–77 NBA season, 1977, 1977–78 NBA season, 1978, 1984–85 NBA season, 1985, 1987–88 NBA season, 1988, 2005–06 NBA season, 2006, 2008–09 NBA season, 2009, 2009–10 NBA season, 2010, 2018–19 NBA season, 2019, 2019–20 NBA season, 2020, 2022–23 NBA season, 2023)
- **ret nums**: **8** (Alex English, 2, Bill Russell, 6, Fat Lever, 12, David Thompson (basketball), 33, Byron Beck, 40, Dan Issel, 44, Dikembe Mutombo, 55, Doug Moe, 432)
- **1 title**: Association
- **1 pattern b**: _2018-19_DEN_association
- **1 pattern s**: _2018-19_DEN_association
- **2 title**: Icon
- **2 pattern b**: _2018-19_DEN_icon
- **2 pattern s**: _2018-19_DEN_icon
- **3 title**: Statement
- **3 pattern b**: _2018-19_DEN_statement
- **3 pattern s**: _2018-19_DEN_statement
Memphis Grizzlies

The **Memphis Grizzlies** are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). They play their home games at the FedExForum in Memphis, Tennessee.

In 1995, the team began playing in the NBA. The team was then in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and was called the Vancouver Grizzlies. In 2001, the Grizzlies moved to Memphis because the previous owner, Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment, started losing money on the franchise due to low attendance and a weak Canadian dollar.

## Infobox (basketball club)

- **name**: Memphis Grizzlies
- **current**: 2022–23 Memphis Grizzlies season
- **logo**: Memphis grizzlies wordmark.gif
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **conference**: Western Conference (NBA), Western
- **division**: Southwest Division (NBA), Southwest
- **founded**: 1995
- **history**: **Vancouver Grizzlies**
1995–2001
**Memphis Grizzlies**
2001–present
- **arena**: FedExForum
- **location**: Memphis, Tennessee
- **colors**: Beale Street blue, Memphis midnight blue, steel gray, gold

- **sponsor**: FedEx
- **ownership**: Memphis Basketball, LLC (Robert Pera, Chairman and Controlling Owner)
- **president**: Jason Wexler
- **gm**: Zachary Kleiman
- **coach**: Taylor Jenkins
- **affiliation**: Memphis Hustle
- **league champs**: **0**
- **conf champs**: **0**
- **div champs**: **1** (2021–22 NBA season, 2022)
- **ret nums**: **2** (Bill Russell, 6, Zach Randolph, 50)
- **1 title**: Association
- **1 pattern b**: _2018-19_MEM_association
- **1 pattern s**: _2018-19_MEM_association
- **2 title**: Icon
- **2 pattern b**: _2018-19_MEM_icon
- **2 pattern s**: _2018-19_MEM_icon
- **3 title**: Statement
- **3 pattern b**: _2018-19_MEM_statement
- **3 pattern s**: _2018-19_MEM_statement
Los Angeles Clippers

The **Los Angeles Clippers** are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Clippers play home games in the Intuit Dome in the Los Angeles suburb of Inglewood, California, which opened for the 2024–25 season. The team name comes from a certain ship. This followed 25 seasons of sharing Crypto.com Arena in downtown Los Angeles with the Los Angeles Lakers.

## Infobox (basketball club)

- **name**: Los Angeles Clippers
- **current**: 2025–26 Los Angeles Clippers season
- **logo**: Los angeles clippers logo 1984-2010.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **conference**: Western Conference (NBA), Western
- **division**: Pacific Division (NBA), Pacific
- **founded**: 1970
- **history**: **Buffalo Braves**
1970–1978
**San Diego Clippers**
1978–1984
**Los Angeles Clippers**
1984–present
- **arena**: Intuit Dome
- **location**: Inglewood, California
- **colors**: Red, blue, black, silver, white

- **sponsor**: Bumble (app), Bumble
- **owner**: Steve Ballmer
- **president**: Lawrence Frank
- **gm**: Michael Winger
- **coach**: Tyronn Lue
- **affiliation**: San Diego Clippers (NBA G League), San Diego Clippers
- **championships**: **0**
- **conf champs**: **0**
- **div champs**: **3** (2012–13 NBA season, 2013, 2013–14 NBA season, 2014, 2023–24 NBA season, 2024)
- **ret nums**: (Bill Russell, 6)
- **1 title**: Association
- **1 pattern b**: _2018-19_LAC_association
- **1 pattern s**: _2018-19_LAC_association
- **2 title**: Icon
- **2 pattern b**: _2018-19_LAC_icon
- **2 pattern s**: _2018-19_LAC_icon
- **3 title**: Statement
- **3 pattern b**: _2018-19_LAC_statement
- **3 pattern s**: _2018-19_LAC_statement
Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi

**Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi** is a public university in Corpus Christi, Texas, United States.  It has about 7,000 students enrolled and it was founded in 1947.

## Other websites

- Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi
Freedom of the press

**Freedom of the press** is a promise by a government not to punish journalists (and other people who report the news) for doing their job without censorship. It is an idea like freedom of speech: it lets people express their opinions or beliefs. Many countries have laws or constitutional amendments protecting freedom of the press. The word "press" in the phrase comes from the printing press.

## Restrictions

Like with freedom of speech, freedom of the press does not protect everything that a journalist writes. A journalist can be sued for libel, which is publishing false and damaging claims about a person. Publishing copyrighted material is not legal in many countries. Writing about state secrets, like military plans, weapon designs, or other classified information is almost always illegal.

## Related pages

- Internet censorship
Olympic flame

The **Olympic Flame** or **Olympic Torch** is a symbol of the Olympic Games. A committee plans the route that it goes through, which ends at the city where the event is being hosted. Sometimes people use the torch route to make a point.  During the 2008 Olympic torch relay to Beijing, people talked about and held signs that were against China's human rights record and signs that said Tibet was not a part of China.

## Other websites

- IOC brochure on the history of Olympic Flame (1 MB PDF)
- Olympic torch technology
Freedom of assembly

**Freedom of assembly** and **freedom of association**, is the right  to join together with others peacefully to reach common goals and express common opinions, both in public and in private. This usually includes business groups (or corporation), civic organizations, labor unions, political parties, and protest groups.

## Restrictions

Freedom of assemble does not mean that any group can come together for any purpose. Some governments prohibit militias, or groups of people outside the military that gather weapons and train soldiers, from demonstrating in public with their weapons to cause violence and a disturbance.

## Protection

Many developed nations protect the freedom of assembly. Many have passed laws or constitutional amendments ensuring that people will be able to freely assemble. These include:
- Canada - Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which is Part I of the Constitution of Canada
- France - article 431-1 of the _Nouveau Code Pénal_
- Hong Kong - Basic Law Section 27
- Article 27 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
- Republic of Ireland - Guaranteed by Article 40.6.1 of the Constitution of Ireland
- Turkey - article 33 and 34 of the Constitution of Turkey guarantee the freedom of association and assembly.
- United States - First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States
- United Nations - Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 20 and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 21.
First Amendment to the United States Constitution

The **First Amendment** to the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights. The first amendment limits the power of congress. The amendment does not allow congress to pass laws that establish a religion or restrict people's rights. These rights include freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, freedom of the press, and right to petition.

The Bill of Rights were passed to please the Anti-Federalists. Anti-Federalists liked the Bill of Rights because it made sure the government would respect the rights of people and not become too powerful.

The **Establishment Clause** does not allow the government to support one religion more than any other religion. The government also cannot say that a religion or a god is true.  This is often described as "separation of church and state", where "state" means "The Government". It also does not allow the government to establish a national religion. It allows people to debate religion freely without the federal government of the United States getting involved.  The clause did not stop the various states from supporting a particular religion, and several states did.

## Related pages

- Freedom of speech in the United States
- Constitutional amendment
Parliamentary procedure

**Parliamentary procedure** is a commonly accepted way in which a group of people work together to discuss and make decisions.  It is a set of rules for meetings.

## History

The term gets its name from its use in the Parliamentary system of government.

In the 16th century, there were rules of order in the early British Parliaments.  In the 1560s, Sir Thomas Smith published a book about the procedures in the House of Commons in 1583.  Early rules included
- One subject should be discussed at a time (adopted 1581)
- Personal attacks are to be avoided in debate (1604)
- Debate must be limited to the merits of the question (1610)
- Division of a question when some seem to be for one part but not the other (1640)

### Westminster procedures

The Westminster parliamentary procedures are followed in several Commonwealth countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, and South Africa.  In Canada, for example, Parliament uses _House of Commons Procedure and Practice_ as its primary procedural authority.

### American procedures

The rules of the [United States Congress were developed from the parliamentary procedures used in Britain. Variations of the American parliamentary procedures are followed in many nations, including Indonesia, the Phillipines, Mexico and South Korea.

### Other

In contrast, the procedures of the Diet of Japan have moved away from the British parliamentary model.  After the end of World War II, there were efforts to bring Japanese parliamentary procedures more in line with American congressional practices. In Japan, informal negotiations are more important than formal procedures.

## Robert's Rules

In the US, the most widely used set of rules is _Robert's Rules of Order_.

## Related pages

- Filibuster

## Other websites

- "Parliamentary Procedure" (UK)
- "Parliamentary Procedure" (Canada)
- "Powers, practice and procedure" (Australia)
- _Mason's Manual_ at National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)
- National Association of Parliamentarians (NAP)
Militia

A **militia** is a group of people who are not in the standing army or regular military but do many military tasks such as collecting weapons, training soldiers, defending people or land and policing an area. Militias are often made up of veterans, who used to be in the military.

Some militias, like the United States National Guard, are organized by a government. It is a group of state militias that help with wars, natural disasters and other emergencies. Others are not connected to a government and may even be illegal. One common definition of a militia includes all men who can serve as soldiers.

In the early late 20th century, some militias acted as professional forces but were still "part-time" or "on-call" organizations.
Wine (disambiguation)

**Wine** is an alcoholic beverage.

**Wine** can also mean:
- Wine (software), a program that lets Windows programs to run under other operating systems
- _Wine_ (movie), a 1913 movie starring Fatty Arbuckle
- Wine (color) or burgundy

## People

- Sherwin Wine (1928 - 2007), American rabbi
- Toni Wine (born 1947), American songwriter
- Wine (bishop), English bishop
Wine (software)

**Wine** is a piece of software which lets Unix-like computer operating systems on the x86 and x86-64 architectures to execute programs written for Microsoft Windows. Wine runs Windows programs without using emulation. Wine also provides a software library known as _Winelib_ which developers can compile Windows applications against to help port them to Unix-like systems. Some Wine code is used in ReactOS, a free operating system that is Windows-compatible and is not based on Unix.

The Wine developers released version 1.0 of Wine, after 15 years of development, on June 17 2008.
Wine is free software, released under terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).

## Other websites

- [news://comp.emulators.ms-windows.wine Wine newsgroup] (Google web interface)
- Jeremy White's Wine Answers - Slashdot interview with Jeremy White of CodeWeavers
- Jeremy White interview  on the "Mad Penguin" web-site
- Appointment of the Software Freedom Law Center as legal counsel to represent the Wine project
- Wine  on Freshmeat
- Wine: Where it came from, how to use it, where it's going a work by Dan Kegel

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Wine
- **logo**: WINE-Logo.svg
- **screenshot**: Wine configuration screenshot.png
- **caption**: screenshot of winecfg
- **author**: Alexandre Julliard
- **developer**: [https://source.winehq.org/source/AUTHORS Wine authors
(1,426 and counting)]
- **programming language**: C (programming language), C
- **operating system**: Unix-like systems and Microsoft Windows
- **platform**: Cross-platform
- **size**: 19 MB (archived)
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Compatibility layer
- **license**: GNU Lesser General Public License
- **website**: https://www.winehq.org
Carbon-12

**Carbon-12** (also written <sup>12</sup>C) is an isotope of carbon. It is the most common isotope of carbon, as 98.89% of all carbon is this type of carbon. It is one of two stable (non-radioactive) isotopes of carbon. The other is carbon-13.

Carbon-12 is important in chemistry as it is the benchmark from which all other relative atomic masses are worked out. Its relative atomic mass is exactly 12.

## Related pages

- Avogadro constant
Art rock

**Art rock** (also sometimes called **progressive rock** or **classical rock**) is a sub-genre of rock music that has "experimental influences". It tries to make rock music into art instead of just entertainment. It often uses longer songs than other genres of rock. It uses different techniques such as elements (parts) of classical music. It is not usually music to dance to, but music to just listen to. It started in the 1960s. Phil Spector (an American music producer) and Brian Wilson (the leader of The Beach Boys) are two early examples of musicians making art rock. The genre was popular with British bands at the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s.

## Relationship with progressive rock

Art rock is often the same as progressive rock, especially for bands in the 1970s. Allmusic says that progressive rock and art rock are almost the same; both describe rock music that is more artistic. The term "Progressive rock" became more popular to talk of the genre of rock music. Art rock is often to describe bands that are harder to define.

Princeton University's Wordnet dictionary says that "progressive rock, art rock" are "a style of rock music that [came out] in the 1970s; associated with attempts to [mix] rock with jazz and other forms." It also says that it is meant "for listening and not dancing".

## Examples of art rock bands

Examples include Queen, King Crimson, The Who, Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, The Velvet Underground, The Beatles, Genesis, Radiohead and Yes.