juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bixby, Oklahoma

**Bixby** is a city in Tulsa and Wagoner counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and is a suburb of Tulsa.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bixby, Oklahoma
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: "The Garden Spot of Oklahoma"
- **motto**: "A Community Of Choice"
- **image map**: Tulsa County Oklahoma incorporated and unincorporated areas Bixby highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Bixby within Tulsa County, Oklahoma, Tulsa County, and the state of Oklahoma
- **pushpin map**: Oklahoma
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oklahoma
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Oklahoma, Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Tulsa County, Oklahoma, Tulsa, Wagoner County, Oklahoma, Wagoner
- **government type**: Council–manager government, Council–manager
- **leader title**: City manager
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 69.30
- **area land km2**: 66.57
- **area water km2**: 2.73
- **area total sq mi**: 26.76
- **area land sq mi**: 25.70
- **area water sq mi**: 1.05
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 28609
- **population density km2**: 429.73
- **population density sq mi**: 1112.97
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation m**: 183
- **elevation ft**: 600
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 74008
- **area codes**: area codes 539 and 918, 539/918
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 40-06400
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1090185
- **website**: [https://www.bixbyok.gov/ bixbyok.gov]
Midwest City, Oklahoma

**Midwest City** is a city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Midwest City, Oklahoma
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: Where the Spirit Flies High
- **image map**: Oklahoma County Oklahoma Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Midwest City highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, Oklahoma County and the state of Oklahoma.
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in United States
- **subdivision type**: Place
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Oklahoma
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Oklahoma, County
- **subdivision name2**: Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, Oklahoma
- **government type**: Council–manager government, Council – Manager
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: City manager
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: March 11, 1943
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 63.23
- **area land km2**: 63.19
- **area water km2**: 0.04
- **area total sq mi**: 24.41
- **area land sq mi**: 24.40
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 58409
- **population density km2**: 924.33
- **population density sq mi**: 2394.01
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation ft**: 1221
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 73110, 73130, 73140
- **area code**: Area code 405, 405
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 40-48350
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411102
- **website**: [http://www.midwestcityok.org/ midwestcityok.org]
Council–manager government

The **council-manager government** is one of two main variations of representative municipal government in the United States that began in Staunton, Virginia in 1908. This system of government is used in the majority of American cities with populations over 12,000. When a city has a _council-manager_ form of government, the elected city council usually hires a city manager to oversee the day-to-day management of the city employees. In these cities, the position of Mayor is either a ceremonial position, or does not exist.
Mayor–council government

**The Mayor-Council government system,** sometimes called the **Mayor-Commission government system,** is one of two variations of government most commonly used in modern representative municipal governments in the United States.

## Strong-mayor form

Strong-mayor is a form of mayor-council government. It is made up of an executive branch and a legislative branch. Both branches are elected by the people. The executive brance is usually a city mayor. The legislature is usually a city council.
Oklahoma Rose

**Oklahoma Rose** is a hybrid tea rose. It was developed in 1964 at Oklahoma State University by Herbert C. Swim and O. L. Weeks. In 2004, the Oklahoma Rose became the official state flower of Oklahoma.

## Infobox (cultivar)

- **name**: _Rosa_ 'Oklahoma'
- **image width**: 250px
- **hybrid**: _Rosa_ hybrid
 _R_. 'Chrysler Imperial' x _R_. 'Charles Mallerin'
- **cultivar**: 'Oklahoma'
- **origin**: Herbert C.Swim,  O.L. Weeks, United States, 1964.
Okemah, Oklahoma

**Okemah** is the county seat of Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 3,074 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Okemah, Oklahoma
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: " Home of Woody Guthrie and the Woody Guthrie Folk Festival "
- **image skyline**: Okemah broadway.jpg
- **image caption**: West Broadway, Downtown
- **image map**: OKMap-doton-Okemah.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Okemah, Oklahoma
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oklahoma
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Oklahoma, County
- **subdivision name2**: Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, Okfuskee
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 8.28
- **area land km2**: 8.03
- **area water km2**: 0.25
- **area total sq mi**: 3.20
- **area land sq mi**: 3.10
- **area water sq mi**: 0.10
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3074
- **population density km2**: 382.59
- **population density sq mi**: 990.97
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 866
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 74859
- **area code**: area codes 539 and 918, 539/918
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 40-54200
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411310
- **website**: [http://www.okemahok.org/ okemahok.org]
Coppo di Marcovaldo

**Coppo di Marcovaldo** (c. 1225 – c. 1276) was an artist who was born in Florence and worked in that part of Italy in the Late Medieval period. He painted large icons of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Christ Child, in the Byzantine style. His most famous work is the mosaic of the Last Judgement in the Baptistery of Florence. He also worked in the towns of Pistoia and Siena. There are only two paintings that are known to be by Coppo. One is in the Church of the Servants of Mary in Siena and the other is in the Church of the Servants of Mary in Orvieto. Another painting thought to be by Coppo di Marcovaldo can be seen in the Civic Museum in San Gimignano.

## Related pages

- List of Renaissance artists
- List of Italian painters
- Cimabue
- Duccio
- Pietro Cavallini
- Giotto
- Nicola Pisano

## Sources

- Diana Davies (editor), _Harrap's Illustrated Dictionary of Art and Artists_, (1990),
Powys

**Powys**, officially the **County of Powys** (Welsh: **Sir Powys**), is the largest principal area and county in Wales. It is named after the Kingdom of Powys which was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that was founded during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain.

Modern day Powys covers the historic counties of Montgomeryshire and Radnorshire, most of Brecknockshire, and a small part of Denbighshire. With an area of about 2,000 square miles (5,200 km2), it is the largest unitary authority in Wales by land area and about the same size as the country of Trinidad and Tobago. It is bordered by English counties of Shropshire and Herefordshire to the east, Gwynedd, Wrexham and Denbighshire to the north, Ceredigion to the west and Rhondda Cynon Taf, Merthyr Tydfil, Caerphilly, Blaenau Gwent, Monmouthshire and Neath Port Talbot to the south.

The county's largest towns are:
- Newtown, population 11,357
- Ystradgynlais, population 8,092
- Brecon, population 8,250
- Welshpool, population 6,664

It has the lowest population density of all the principal areas of Wales. Most of Powys is mountainous making north–south travel fairly difficult.
Cimabue

**Cimabue**, (c.1240 - c.1302), was a painter from Florence in Italy who worked in the Late Medieval period. His real name was **Cenni di Peppi**. He painted large icons in the Byzantine style and was the first great painter in the city of Florence. The only works of art that are known to be definitely by Cimabue are the mosaic of Christ in Majesty in Pisa Cathedral and two very large ruined frescos in the Church of St Francis in Assisi.

The most famous painting that is believed to be by Cimabue is the "Madonna of Santa Trinita" which is an altarpiece that was done for the Church of the Holy Trinity. It is now in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. He is also believed to have painted two large crucifixes which hung in the Church of St Domenic in Arezzo and the Church of the Holy Cross (Santa Croce, Florence). The crucifix of Santa Croce was ruined in a flood and is now in the church's museum.

The biographer Giorgio Vasari wrote about Cimabue's life, 250 years after his death. He wrote that one day Cimabue was walking in the country when he saw a little shepherd boy scratching a picture of a sheep onto a rock. The drawing was so good that Cimabue went to the boy's father and begged that he might take the boy as his apprentice and teach him to paint. The boy was Giotto, who became a very famous painter, and who is thought of as the very first painter of the Italian Renaissance.

## References

- Giorgio Vasari, _Lives of the Artists_, (1568), 1965 edition, trans George Bull, Penguin,
- Frederick Hartt, _A History of Italian Renaissance Art_, (1970) Thames and Hudson,
- Helen Gardner, _Art through the Ages_, (1970) Harcourt, Brace and World,
- Ilan Rachum, _The Renaissance, an Illustrated Encyclopedia_, (1979) Octopus,
- Luciano Berti, _Florence: the city and its art_, (1971) Scala,
- Luciano Berti, _The Ufizzi_, (1971) Scala, Florence.
Pietro Cavallini

**Pietro Cavallini** (1259 – c. 1330) was a painter who lived and worked in Rome in Italy in the Late Medieval period. He may have also worked in Naples. He is thought of as one of the greatest painters of his day, but has never been as well known as Giotto from Florence, who was alive at the same time. This is probably because only two pictures by Cavallini still exist. One of them is a mosaic in the Church of Santa Maria in Trastevere. The other is a fresco in the nearby convent of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere. ("in Trastevere" means "in the part of the Rome that is across the Tiber River".)

The fresco at Santa Cecilia's is a large picture of the Last Judgement with Jesus sitting between rows of saints. <small>(see right)</small> Unfortunately, the room, which was quite tall, had a new level added, and the floor cut across the fresco. It is in ruins, but the parts that remain show that Cavallini was trying to make the figures that he painted look solid and three-dimensional like the frescos of Ancient Rome. Pietro Cavallini probably influenced the artists who travelled from Rome to work at the Basilica of St Francis of Assisi. It is not known if he painted any of the frescos there.

## Related pages

- Italian Renaissance art
- List of Renaissance artists
- List of Italian painters
- Coppo di Marcovaldo
- Cimabue
- Duccio
- Giotto

## References

- Diana Davies (editor), _Harrap's Encyclopedia of Art and Artists_, (1990),
- Helen Gardner, _Art through the Ages_, (1970) Harcourt, Brace and World,
Lollapalooza

**Lollapalooza** is a music festival. It was started in 1991 by Perry Farrell, lead singer of Jane's Addiction, as a farewell concert for his band. It happened every year until 1997, then took a break until 2003. There was no 2004 Lollapalooza. In 2005, the festival started again, and kept going every year. From 2005, it has played as a weekend show at Grant Park in Chicago.

## Other websites

- Lollapalooza website
East Tyrol

**East Tyrol** (German: **Osttirol**) is a small part of the Austrian state of Tyrol, located in the east part of the state. The other part of the state is North Tyrol, which also belongs to Austria, but does not share a border with East Tyrol.

East Tyrol borders Carinthia in the east, Salzburg in the north, South Tyrol in the west, Veneto in the south. Its capitals are Lienz and "the big brother" Innsbruck.
Gaillardia pulchella

**Indian blanket** (_Gaillardia pulchella_) is a short-lived annual flowering plant native to the central United States. It is easily grown throughout the southeast. The flowers are bright red with a yellow rim and is slightly smaller than _Gaillardia aristata_but is very drought tolerant and even salt tolerant, thriving along coastal dunes.
Perineum

The **perineum** is the area of the human body found between the lower end of the vulva and the anus (in females); and the scrotum and the anus (in males). When a person reaches puberty, the size of the perineum is about one inch in length. During puberty, hair will grow around and on the perineum to protect it.

Inside the perineum-area are specialized muscles that perform functions of sexuality, erection and excretion.

## Infobox (anatomy)

- **name**: Perineum
- **image**: Muscles of the male perineum-Gray406.png
- **caption**: The muscles of the male perineum
- **image2**: Gray408.png
- **caption2**: The muscles of the female perineum
- **artery**: perineal artery, dorsal artery of the penis, deep artery of the penis
- **nerve**: perineal nerve, posterior scrotal nerves, dorsal nerve of the penis, dorsal nerve of clitoris
- **lymph**: primarily superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Jar

A **jar** is a type of container, mostly used to store food. Jars are usually cylindrical, and are usually made of glass or clay.

Glass jars are able to be heated in microwave ovens.

## Types of jars

- Mason jar, a jar used to preserve serval foods (such as fruit, jam, vegetables, ...)
- Kilner jar, another type of jar for storing foods
- Mayonnaise jar, a mason jar especially made for mayonnaise
- Canopic jar, used in ancient Egyptian burial
- Leyden jar, a simple capacitor
- Killing jar
Flag of Thailand

The **Flag of Thailand** has five stripes red, white, and blue. Red-white-blue stand for nation-religion-king, an unofficial motto of Thailand. The flag was made official on 28 September 1917 by a royal decree. The Thai name for the flag is ธงไตรรงค์ ("Thong Trairong"), which means "tricolour flag".

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Thailand
- **type**: National
- **use**: 110110
- **proportion**: 2:3
- **adoption**: 28 September 1917
- **design**: Five horizontal stripes of red, white, blue, white and red, the middle stripe twice as wide as the others
- **designer**: Vajiravudh, King Vajiravudh (Rama VI)
- **image2**: Naval Ensign of Thailand.svg
- **nickname2**: (Royal Thai General System of Transcription, RTGS: Thong Ratchanawi), "Royal Navy flag"
- **use2**: 000001
- **proportion2**: 2:3
- **adoption2**: 28 September 1917
- **design2**: A red disc containing a white elephant (pachyderm), white elephant in regalia centred on the national flag
Just Stand Up!

"**Just Stand Up!**" is a song featuring the vocals of an all-star group of pop and R&B performers, including this is the order in which they are listed on the cover Mariah Carey, Beyoncé, Mary J. Blige, Rihanna, Fergie, Sheryl Crow, Melissa Etheridge, Natasha Bedingfield, Miley Cyrus, Leona Lewis, Carrie Underwood, Keyshia Cole, LeAnn Rimes, Ashanti and Ciara. The song was made to make money for a charity called Stand Up to Cancer.

## Charts

|align="center"|Chart (2008)|align="center"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|New Zealand RIANZ Singles Chart|align="center"|26|
|align="left"|_Billboard_ Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles|align="center"|20|
|align="left"|_Billboard_ Pop 100|align="center"|77|
|align="left"|_Billboard_ Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|align="center"|83|

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Just Stand Up!
- **border**: Yes
- **artist**: Artists Stand Up To Cancer
- **released**: August 29, 2008.
- **recorded**: 2008
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **length**: 3:34
- **writer**: Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds & Ronnie Walton
- **producer**: Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds & Antonio "L.A." Reid
Sam Houston State University

**Sam Houston State University** is a university in Huntsville, Texas. It was named after Sam Houston, the founder of Houston, Texas.
Indiangrass

**Indiangrass** (_Sorghastrum nutans_), also called **Indian grass**, is a North American prairie grass, and is the official state grass of both Oklahoma and South Carolina.
Port Silt Loam

**Port Silt Loam** is the state soil of Oklahoma.  This type of soil is reddish in color due to the weathering of reddish sandstones, siltstones, and shales of the Permian geologic era.
Common collared lizard

The **common collared lizard** or **Oklahoma lizard**, _Crotaphytus collaris_, is a North American lizard that can reach a foot (30 cm) long in length (including the tail), with a large head and powerful jaws. It is the state lizard of Oklahoma.
Oklahoma! (song)

***Oklahoma*** is the title song from and the finale to the Broadway musical _Oklahoma!_ It is also the state song of Oklahoma.
Queens of the Stone Age

**Queens of the Stone Age** are a rock band from California, USA. They formed in 1997. The band has released five studio albums, three extended plays (EP), fifteen singles and one live/video album. Between 2003 and 2008, they were nominated for the Grammy Award four times.

## Studio albums

- _Queens of the Stone Age_ (1998)
- _Rated R_ (2000)
- _Songs for the Deaf_ (2002)
- _Lullabies to Paralyze_ (2005)
- _Era Vulgaris_ (2007)
- _...Like Clockwork_ (2013)
- _Villains_ (2017)
- _In Times New Roman..._ (2023)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Queens of the Stone Age
- **background**: group_or_band
- **image**: Queens of the Stone Age - SSE Arena Wembley - Saturday 18th November 2017 QOTSAWembley181117-29 (24730972488) (cropped).jpg
- **landscape**: Yes
- **caption**: Queens of the Stone Age performing at Wembley Arena in November 2017; left to right: Dean Fertita, Josh Homme, Jon Theodore, and Michael Shuman
- **alias**: Gamma Ray (1996)
- **origin**: Palm Desert, California, U.S.
- **years active**: –present
- **current members**: * Josh Homme
* Troy Van Leeuwen
* Dean Fertita
* Michael Shuman
* Jon Theodore
- **past members**: * Alfredo Hernández
* Nick Oliveri
* Mark Lanegan
* Dave Grohl
* Joey Castillo
* Alain Johannes
* Natasha Shneider
The Fratellis

**The Fratellis** are a Scottish indie rock band from Glasgow. They have released a #2 album on the United Kingdom album chart, one top ten album as well as three top 10 singles. They have also made a live DVD called _Edgy In Brixton_.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Fratellis
- **img**: TITPFRATLIES.jpg
- **img capt**: The Fratellis performing at T in the Park 2008
- **img size**: 250
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Glasgow, Scotland
- **genre**: Indie rock, Garage rock#Revivals, garage rock revival, punk rock
- **url**: http://www.thefratellis.com/
- **current members**: Jon Fratelli
Barry Fratelli
Mince Fratelli
Minority (song)

"**Minority**" was the first single from Green Day's album, _Warning_. It was at #1 on the Modern Rock chart in late 2000.

## Track listing

1. "Minority" (Radio Version)
1. "Brat" (Live From Tokyo)
1. "86" (Live From Prague)

**AU Single:**
1. "Minority" (Album Version) - 2:49
1. "Brat" (Live from Tokyo) - 1:42
1. "86" (Live from Prague) - 2:59
1. "Jackass" (Album Version) - 2:47

**7":**

Side A.
1. "Minority"
1. "Brat" (Live Version)

_Side B._
1. "Jackass"
1. "86" (Live Version)

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Minority
- **artist**: Green Day
- **album**: Warning (Green Day album), Warning
- **b-side**: "Brat", "86", "Jackass"
- **released**: October 31, 2000
- **recorded**: 2000
- **genre**: Punk rock, pop punk, folk rock
- **length**: 2:49
- **label**: Reprise Records, Reprise
- **producer**: Rob Cavallo
- **prev title**: Nice Guys Finish Last
- **prev year**: 1999
- **next title**: Warning (Green Day song), Warning
- **next year**: 2000
Warning (Green Day song)

"**Warning**" is a single from Green Day's 2000 album _Warning_. It is the title track of the album.

## Track listing

**CD 1:**
1. Warning (Album Version)
1. Scumbag
1. Don't Want to Know If You Are Lonely (Hüsker Dü cover)

**CD 2:**
1. Warning (Album Version)
1. Outsider (Ramones cover)
1. Suffocate

**Warning / Minority AU Single:**
1. Warning
1. Minority
1. Scumbag
1. Outsider (Ramones cover)

**7" Adeline:**

Side A.
1. Warning

_Side B._
1. Scumbag
1. Outsider (Ramones cover)

**7" Reprise:**

Side A.
1. Warning

_Side B._
1. Suffocate
Nice Guys Finish Last

- _This article discusses the Green Day song. For the phrase itself, see Nice guys finish last.

**"Nice Guys Finish Last"** was a single released by the American punk band Green Day's fifth album _Nimrod''.

## Track listing

**AU Single:**
1. Nice Guys Finish Last
1. Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)
1. The Grouch (Live)
1. She (Live)

## Chart Positions

|Year|Chart|Position|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1998|_US Modern Rock Tracks_|31|
Hitchin' a Ride (Green Day song)

"**Hitchin' a Ride**" was the first single that American punk band Green Day released from their album _Nimrod_ in 1997.

## Track listing

1. Hitchin' a Ride
1. Sick (Non-LP Track)
1. Espionage (Non-LP Track From _Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me_ original motion picture soundtrack)

## Chart Positions

|Year|Chart|Position|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1997|U.S. Modern Rock Tracks|5|
|1997|U.S. Mainstream Rock Tracks|9|
|1997|Official UK Singles Chart|25|
|1997|U.S. Hot 100 Airplay|59|

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Hitchin' a Ride
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Green Day
- **album**: Nimrod (album), Nimrod
- **genre**: * Rock and roll
* rockabilly
* alternative rock
* grunge
- **length**: 2:51
- **label**: Reprise Records, Reprise
- **writer**: * Billie Joe Armstrong
* Mike Dirnt
* Tré Cool
- **producer**: * Rob Cavallo
* Green Day
- **prev title**: Walking Contradiction
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)
- **next year**: 1997
Proteus

**Proteus** (; Ancient Greek: Πρωτεύς, _Prōteus_) is a sea-god or god of rivers and oceans In Greek mythology. It is one of several gods which Homer calls the "Old Man of the Sea" _(halios gerôn)_.

Proteus can change form, and only answers those who can capture him. From this comes the adjective **protean**, meaning "versatile", "changeable", or "capable of assuming many forms". "Protean" suggests flexibility, versatility and adaptability.

## Related page

- Poseidon - a god of the sea in Greek mythology
Sphenodontia

The **Sphenodontia** is a diverse group of reptile. It includes only one living genus, the tuatara (_Sphenodon_). An alternative name for the order is the **Rhynchocephalia**.

They are an offshoot from the  evolutionary  line leading to the lizards and snakes. They had many families during the late  Triassic and  Jurassic periods but then declined. They are now are the least successful of the lepidosaurs.

The only surviving member today is the New Zealand tuatara.
Marat Safin

**Marat Safin** is a retired professional tennis player from Russia. He was once ranked number 1 in the world. In 2000 and 2005, Safin won the US Open and the Australian Open, respectively. In 2002 and 2004, Safin played in the last round of the Australian Open, but lost. In 2008, Safin became the first Russian man to play in the semifinals in the Wimbledon Championships.

Born to a Tatar family, he learned tennis in Spain when he was a teenager.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Marat Safin
- **image**: Marat Safin at the 2009 US Open 06.jpg
- **caption**: Marat Safin at the 2009 US Open .jpg
Brad Fitzpatrick

**Bradley Joseph Fitzpatrick** (born February 5, 1980) is an American programmer. He is best known as the creator of LiveJournal.

## Other websites

- BradFitz.com - personal homepage
- Fitzpatrick's personal LiveJournal
Zillertal

The **Zillertal** is the biggest valley branching off the Inntal in Tyrol, Austria drained by the river Ziller. It is surrounded by the strongly glaciated Zillertaler Alpen to the south and east, the lower grass peaks of the Kitzbüheler Alpen to the east and Tuxer Alpen to the west. The largest settlement is Mayrhofen.

## Culture

The Zillertal is particularly renowned for its musical tradition. For instance, several families of travelling singers and organ builders from the valley have been credited with spreading the Christmas carol _Silent Night_ across the world during the 19th and early 20th centuries. More recently, the Schürzenjäger band have had tremendous success in German-speaking countries with their crossover mix of _Volksmusik_ and pop.
David IV of Georgia

**David IV**, also known as **David II** or **David III**, or **David the Builder** (Georgian: დავით აღმაშენებელი, _Davit Aghmashenebeli_) (1073 – January 24, 1125), from the House of Bagrationi, was King of Georgia from 1089 to 1125.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: David IV
დავით IV
- **title**: King of Kings of Georgia
- **image**: Davit_Agmashenebeli.jpg
- **caption**: Depiction of King David IV from Gelati Monastery
- **succession**: Fifth King of Georgia
- **reign**: 1089–1125
- **predecessor**: George II of Georgia, George II
- **successor**: Demetrius I of Georgia, Demetrius I
- **full name**: Davit Aghmashenebeli
- **house**: Bagrationi dynasty, Bagrationi
- **house-type**: Dynasty
- **father**: George II of Georgia
- **birth date**: 1073
- **birth place**: Kutaisi
- **death date**: 1125
- **death place**: Tbilisi
- **place of burial**: Gelati Monastery
- **signature**: David IV signature.svg
- **signature type**: Khelrtva
- **religion**: Georgian Orthodox Church
Pope Victor III

**Pope Victor III** (; 1026-September 16, 1087), born **Dauferius** or **Daufar**, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 159th Pope from 1086 until his death in 1087.

## Early life

Dauferius was born in the Lombardy region of Italy.

## Benedictine

When Dauferius became a Benedictine monk, he took the name Desiderius.  He became the abbot of Monte Cassino.

## Cardinal

In 1059, Abbot Desiderius was made a cardinal by Pope Stephen IX.

## Pope

Despite frail health, he was elected pope in 1086.

### After his death

In 1887, Victor was beatified by Pope Leo XIII.

## Related pages

- List of popes

## Other websites

- GCatholic, Pope Victor III

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: pope
- **name**: Victor III
- **image**: Victor III. - Desiderius of Montecassino.jpg
- **birth name**: Dauferius di Benevento
- **birth date**: 1026
- **birth place**: Lombardy
- **death place**: Rome
- **term start**: May 9, 1086
- **term end**: September 16, 1087
- **predecessor**: Pope Gregory VII
- **successor**: Pope Urban II
- **other**: Victor
Oklahoma (disambiguation)

**Oklahoma** is a state in the United States of America.

**Oklahoma** could also mean:
- Oklahoma Territory, an organized territory (1890-1907) that would become part of the  state
- _Oklahoma!_, a 1943 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical comedy
    - _Oklahoma!_ (movie)
        - _Oklahoma!_ (soundrack)
    - "Oklahoma!" (song), the musical's theme song and the state of Oklahoma's official song
- _Oklahoma_ (1979 movie)
- USS _Oklahoma_ (BB-37), an American naval warship
- Mexico, Illinois, formerly Oklahoma, Illinois
- Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, United States
- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
    - Oklahoma City bombing, a 1995 terrorist attack
- University of Oklahoma
- Oklahoma State University
- Ed Ferrara or Oklahoma, a professional wrestling writer
Word processor

A **word processor** is a computer program (often a text editor) or a special computer intended to edit texts with colours and different font sizes and styles, or texts which will be printed.

Most such programs now have helpful instruments (tools) to make good texts. Important instruments include spelling & grammar checker, word count (this also counts letters and lines). Moreover, with such programs one can make attractive documents, add pictures into documents, make webpages, graphs etc. Also, they show synonyms (similar words) of words and some can read the text aloud. Many word processors, similar to many new programs, have configurable printing facilities. Some of the more versatile ones are called Desktop publishing programs.

Examples include:
- iWork Pages for macOS
- LibreOffice Writer
- Microsoft Word
- TextEdit for macOS
Atari Jaguar

**The Atari Jaguar** was a video game machine released by Atari in 1993. It was not a successful product and was Atari's last console. It also had a CD-based accessory called the Atari Jaguar CD. The Jaguar had three CPUs, one of which was a 16-bit Motorola 68000, and two of which were 32-bit. Atari marketed it as a 64-bit console, even though it did not have a 64-bit CPU.

The Atari Jaguar was sold at about the same time as the PlayStation, Sega Saturn and Nintendo 64, but it was not very popular as it did not have as many popular games as these other consoles. The graphics of Atari Jaguar games look a lot like the Sega Genesis, Sega Mega Drive or SNES games as it did not run 3D games as well as the Sega Saturn or PlayStation.

## Infobox (cvg system)

- **title**: Atari Jaguar
- **image**: Atari-Jaguar-Console-Set.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Atari Corporation
- **type**: Home video game console
- **generation**: History of video game consoles (fifth generation), Fifth generation
- **releasedate**: November 15, 1993
- **discontinued**: 1996
- **cpu**: Motorola 68000, plus two 32-bit RISC CPUs
- **media**: ROM cartridge, CD-ROM (Add-On)
- **unitssold**: 250,000 or fewer
- **predecessor**: Atari XEGS, Atari XE Game System
Failure

A **failure** (**fail**,  or **flop**) is where a goal or mission is not completed. It can mean the opposite of success.

## Commercial failure

A **commercial failure** is a product that does not complete a goal.

Most of the items listed below had high expectations, but failed to be successful.

- For flops in computer and video games, see List of commercial failures in computer and video gaming
- For company failures of the 1997–2001 Dot-com bubble, see Dot-com company
- See also Vaporware
- Box-office bomb

## Product failure

Product failure can be the failure to sell the product, or a problem with the product that may stop it from working after a while, or lead to the person using the product hurting themselves. The Edsel, a brand from Ford that was marketed in the late 50’s is one of the best known product failures and became closely associated with them.

## Examinations

People who take tests or examinations will pass the test if they are successful.  If they are unsuccessful they "fail" the test.
Telecommunication

**Telecommunication** (from two words, _tele_ meaning 'from far distances' and _communication_ meaning to share information) is the assisted transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. In earlier times, this may have involved the use of smoke signals, drums, semaphore, flags, or a mirror to flash sunlight. Starting with the telegraph, telecommunication typically involves the use of electronic transmitters such as the telephone, television, radio, optical fiber and computer.
Jim Keltner

**Jim Keltner** is an American musician (drummer). His career began in the early 1960s, playing at recording sessions for other musicians, and even for bands, including Gary Lewis and the Playboys.

Keltner played on recordings by members of The Beatles, after they disbanded. He and Ringo Starr played drums as a team during George Harrison's Concert for Bangladesh in 1971, and got along well. Keltner even played drums on some of Starr's solo records, and Starr was thought of as one of the best drummers in rock and roll music.

John Lennon counted on Keltner to play drums on his solo records, when Starr was not available. In 1973, he helped Lennon's wife Yoko Ono put a band together to record and tour with her.

Keltner toured the United States with George Harrison during 1974. He told Harrison he did not want to be paid to play on the tour. Harrison wanted to give him something for his work. Keltner was tired of driving his old car, so Harrison bought him a new Mercedes-Benz, as payment.

While Keltner had played for many artists and bands, he had never been a member of a band, until **Little Village** formed in the late 1980s.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jim Keltner
- **img**: Jim keltner.jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: James Lee Keltner
- **alias**: Traveling Wilburys, Buster Sidebury
- **birth place**: Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, U.S.
- **instrument**: Drum kit, Drums, ukulele
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, Rhythm and blues, R&B, jazz
- **occupation**: studio musician, Session drummer
- **years active**: 1971–present
- **associated acts**: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Delaney & Bonnie and Friends, Delaney Bramlett, John Lennon, Plastic Ono Band, George Harrison, Traveling Wilburys, Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band, The Manhattan Transfer, Steve Miller Band, Gary Lewis & the Playboys, Neil Young, Sheryl Crow, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Harry Chapin
Autopackage

**Autopackage** is a free computer programme aimed at making it simple to create other programs that can be installed on all Linux distributions.
Right now, the only operating system to include Autopackage is Super Ubuntu

## Related pages

- Zero Install
- RUNZ
- Super Ubuntu

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Autopackage
- **screenshot**: Autopackage ready to install software.png
- **caption**: Autopackage ready to install software
- **developer**: Mike Hearn
- **latest release version**: 1.2.6
- **operating system**: Linux
- **genre**: Package management system
- **license**: GNU Lesser General Public License
- **website**: [http://autopackage.org/ autopackage.org]
Marcy Levy

**Marcella "Marcy" Levy** (born June 21, 1952 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American musician and singer (soprano). She is well-known both under her real name, and as **Marcella Detroit**.

As Marcy Levy, she was a member of Eric Clapton's band in the 1970s, and wrote the song "Lay Down Sally", which was a hit for Clapton. She also sang with Randy Meisner and the Silverados in the early 1980s. She later moved to England, and renamed herself after her hometown.

As Marcella Detroit, she was a member of Shakespear's Sister, a duo with former **Bananarama** member Siobhan Fahey. They recorded two albums together, and several of the songs from the albums became hits. The two split during the recording of the third Shakespear's Sister album, in the mid-1990s.

She began a solo career as Marcella Detroit, but later went back to her original name. She appeared as an angel in _Absolutely Fabulous: The Last Shout_.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Marcella Detroit
- **img**: Marcy Levy.jpg
- **img capt**: Singing with Eric Clapton on tour; San Bernardino, California; August 15, 1975.  Photo: Matt Gibbons
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Marcella Levy
- **alias**: Marcy Levy
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals, guitar, harmonica
- **genre**: Rock (music), Rock
Pop music, Pop
- **occupation**: Singer
Songwriter
Musician
- **years active**: 1972–present
- **associated acts**: Eric Clapton
 Shakespears Sister
 Bob Seger
Stanley Clarke
- **url**: [http://www.marcelladetroit.com/ MarcellaDetroit.com]
Mastering (audio)

**Mastering** is the process of moving audio from recording device to the storage device. All copies after that are made from the master copy. Master recordings (usually called just "masters") can be made on discs, tapes, and computer data storage formats.

A multitrack master is an original multitrack recording, which may be worked on over time. This may have four, eight, sixteen or more tracks. This kind of recording cannot be played on an ordinary machine, and needs a special machine to be played or recorded.

Multitrack recordings are mixed when they are finished, into a mono (monaural), stereo, or Surround Sound recording. This is called a mixed master. Copies of the mixed master can be played on an ordinary machine.

Master recordings are often valuable, especially if the recording artist is popular. Most masters are owned by record companies, but many artists and bands own their own master recordings, or are able to buy them later.

Recordings are sometimes remastered, to copy them to another format, or to make them sound better. Digital recording allows for older analog recordings to be "cleaned up", and preserved.
National League East

The **National League East** is a division in the MLB. All of the teams are on the east coast of the U.S. In 2007, 2008, and 2009, the Phillies won the division; they also won the 2008 World Series. The NL East is known as one of the toughest divisions in the MLB.

## Teams in the National League East Division

- Philadelphia Phillies
- New York Mets
- Miami Marlins
- Atlanta Braves
- Washington Nationals
Wireless router

thumb | right | An example of a wireless router
A **wireless router** is a router that allows the user of computers and other electronic devices to connect to a computer network using Wi-Fi. Wireless router are commonly found in local area networks and remove the need to use a wire to connect to a network.

## Features

Most wireless routers have many features including a dual-band Wi-Fi network that uses 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands to improve connection. Most wireless routers have USB ports that allow you to connect a printers or other devices and ethernet ports.

## Related pages

- Wi-Fi
- Router
- Wireless access point
- Wireless LAN
Glyptodon

***Glyptodon*** is a genus of glyptodont. It is part of the placental group of mammals known as Xenarthra. This order of mammals includes anteaters, tree sloths, extinct ground sloths, extinct pampatheres, and armadillos.

_Glyptodon_ came from South America. A related genus, _Glyptotherium_,  first appeared in the south-west of the modern USA about 2.5 million years ago as a result of the Great American Interchange.

These herbivores (plant-eaters) would not have been vulnerable to the Sparassodont carnivores of the day. The native human population in their range is believed to have hunted them and used the shells for shelter in bad weather.

## References

- David Lambert and the Diagram Group. 1985. _The field guide to prehistoric life_. New York: Facts on File Publications.
Stegodon

***Stegodon*** is a genus of extinct proboscidiens. They lived from the late Miocene to the late Pleistocene.

Fossils are found in Asian and African strata dating from the late Miocene. They lived in large parts of Asia, East and Central Africa and North America during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs.

Some _Stegodon_ species were among the largest of all elephants. Some adults were 13 feet (4 m) high at the shoulder and 26 feet (8 m) long, not including 10 feet (3m) long nearly straight tusks. A few were much smaller, living on islands.

## Browser rather than grazer

The teeth of _Stegodon_ show that it was mainly a browser. As time passed, grassland increasingly took the place of forests, and browsers were at something of a disadvantage. No doubt, they were also hunted by early man.
Bakhshali

**Bakhshali** is a village and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is at 34°17'0N 72°9'0E and has a height of 307 metres (1010 ft).

## History

The village is famous for being the place where the Bakhshali manuscript was found. This is an ancient mathematical work written on birch bark and is the oldest surviving document in South Asia of Indian mathematics. It was discovered in 1881 during British rule by a tenant of Mian An-Wan-Udin, a police inspector. The  tenant discovered it while he was digging in an abandoned building.

## Bakhshali today

In March 2007 there were attacks made on music shops in Bakhshali. Two people were injured and one was killed in attacks by an unidentified extremist group who attacked the bazaar shooting and killing the watchman of the Seven Stars music centre.

In August 2007 the people of Bakhshali observed a strike against power cuts. They blocked the main Mardan to Bakshali road in protest. The protectors said that the power cuts were harming business and their children's studies. The village has also been affected by violence between the Taliban and the government; on 24 January 2008 the militants attacked the vehicle of former Health minister Syed Kamal Shah injuring his guard. The rebels have also been pressuring local people to stop listening to music as well launching bomb attacks in the area.

On 15 August a meeting of elders in Mardan decided to set up anti-Taliban group similar to one that has been stated in neighbouring Buner District. According to Shakoor Khan, an elder from Bakhshali who attended the meeting, "Before the Taliban resorts to torching more schools, we have decided to resist them".

## Related pages

- Bakhshali manuscript
Birch bark

**Birch bark** or **birchbark** is usually the bark of the paper birch tree or sometimes of similar trees such as gray (wire) birch.

Birch bark is useful because it is strong and water-resistant. It is similar in some ways to cardboard. And can be easily cut, bent and sewn. Because of this it has been very valuable for building, crafting, and writing material ever since ancient times.  Birch bark also contains substances that are used in medicines and chemicals.

## Uses

Birch bark was valuable throughout the world where birch trees were available:

- In North America, the native people used birch bark for canoes and wigwams and more.
- In Scandinavia and Finland, it had many uses, including roofs, boxes, casks and buckets.
- In Russia, many birch bark documents have survived from the Middle Ages.
- In the Indian civilisation birch-bark, along with dried palm leaves,  replaced parchment for writing.

Birch bark is can also be used as a tinder. It is very good tinder as the inner layers will stay dry even through heavy rainstorms.  To make birch bark useless as tinder, it must be soaked in water for a very long time.

## References

- The Algonquin Birchbark Canoe by David Gidmark .

## Other websites

- The Birch Bark Torch , a _Wilderness Way Magazine_'s article by Kevin Finney.
- Birchbark articles from the _NativeTech_ site.
- Birch and Birch Bark, an article by John Zasada at an University of Minnesota site.
- Birch Bark Canoe Building Courses at the North House Folk School, Minnesota.
- Birch Bark Canoe  page on the site of the Algonquins of Pikwàganagàn.
Bakhshali manuscript

The **Bakhshali Manuscript** is a mathematical manuscript written on birch bark. It was found in 1881 near the village of Bakhshali in what was then the North-West Frontier Province of British India (now Pakistan).

Most of the manuscript is missing, only 70 leaves of birch bark remain. Nobody knows how old it is and different scholars have come up with different dates. Most scholars agree that the manuscript is a copy of a more ancient text.

## Other websites

- The Bakhshali manuscript
- 6 – The Bakhshali manuscript
Bazaar

**bazaar** is an **Persian** word which can be also seen in other languages like   and . **bazaar** is an area that is always used for shopping. It can be a market place or a street of shops where things are exchanged or sold.

The word bazaar is from the Persian word _bāzār_, this word itself comes from the Pahlavi word _baha-char_ (**بهاچار**), meaning "the place of prices". Although the meaning of the word "bazaar" started in Persia, it has spread and is now used in many countries around world.

The world's biggest bazaar is the Grand Bazaar, Tehran, other well-known ones are the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, the Old Bazaar in Cairo, the Chandni Chowk in Delhi or the  Anarkali Bazar in Lahore. Very often, banks, or moneylenders, cafes and mosques can also be found in a bazaar.

## Related pages

- Market

## Other websites

- Iran Chamber Society on Architecture of the Bazaar at Isfahan
- 1911 Britannica article "Bazaar"
Alo, Mardan

**Alo** is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It has a height of 406 metres (1335 feet).
Graham Nash

**Graham William Nash** OBE (born 2 February 1942 in Blackpool, England) is an English musician, singer and songwriter. He was a founding member of The Hollies, but left that band to form Crosby, Stills & Nash with David Crosby and Stephen Stills. He moved to California to be part of the new group, which Neil Young also joined later.

While Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young broke apart and came back together many times, Nash has almost always worked with David Crosby since the 1960s.

Nash became an American citizen in 1978. Besides music, he is also a talented photographer, and collector of photographs. Nash was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE).

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Graham Nash
<small>Order of the British Empire, OBE</small>
- **image**: Graham Nash Rudolstadt 06 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Nash performing in 2018
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Graham William Nash
- **birth place**: Blackpool, Lancashire
England
- **origin**: City of Salford, Salford, Lancashire, England
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar, keyboards, harmonica, drums
- **genre**: Rock and roll, pop music, pop, folk rock, soft rock
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter, activist, Digital photography, digital photographer
- **years active**: 1958–present
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic, Atlantic Records, Atlantic, ABC Records, ABC, MCA Records, MCA, EMI Records, EMI, Reprise Records, Reprise, Artemis Records, Artemis
- **associated acts**: The Hollies, Crosby, Stills & Nash (and Young), Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Crosby & Nash, David Gilmour, Jackson Browne
Babini

**Babini** is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Babozai

**Babozai** is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is at 34°50'0N 72°8'0E and has a height of 1754 metres (5757 feet).
Bala Garhi

**Bala Garhi** is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is at 34°14'0N 72°9'0E and has a height of 302 metres (994 feet).
Chamtar

**Chamtar** is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is at 34°10'47N 71°59'2E and has a height of 286 metres (941 feet).
Charguli

**Charguli** is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is at 34°19'0N 72°14'0E and has a height of 342 metres (1125 feet).
Dagai

**Dagai** is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Dheri

**Dheri** is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Garhi Daulatzai

**Garhi Daulatzai** is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is at 34°12'0N 72°10'0E and has height of 294 metres (967 feet).
Garhi Ismail Zai

**Garhi Ismail Zai** is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located at 34°12'0N 72°10'0E and has a height of 294 metres (967 feet).
Garyala

**Garyala** is a town and Union Council of Mardan District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is at 34°16'0N 72°13'0E and has a height of 317 metres (1043 feet).