juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Clay Matthews III

**William Clay Matthews III** (born May 14, 1986 in Northridge, California) is an American former football outside linebacker. He played eleven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played for the Green Bay Packers and Los Angeles Rams. During his time with the Packers, Matthews helped them win Super Bowl XLV.

Matthews was drafted out of the University of Southern California by the Green Bay Packers with the 26th pick in the first round of the 2009 NFL Draft. Matthews is the son of former NFL player Clay Matthews, Jr. and his uncle is Bruce Matthews who also played in the NFL.

On September 27, 2022, Matthews announced that he was retiring from playing professional football.

## Other websites

- Clay Matthews' Official website
- Clay Matthews' profile at nfl.com

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Clay Matthews III
- **image**: Clay Matthews - San Francisco vs Green Bay 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Matthews III with the Green Bay Packers in 2012
- **number**: 52
- **position**: Outside linebacker
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lbs**: 255
- **high school**: Agoura
(Agoura Hills, California)
- **college**: USC Trojans football, USC
- **draftyear**: 2009
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 26
- **pastteams**: * Green Bay Packers (–)
* Los Angeles Rams ()
- **highlights**: * Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl XLV, XLV)
* 6× Pro Bowl (2010 Pro Bowl, 2009–2013 Pro Bowl, 2012, 2015 Pro Bowl, 2014, 2016 Pro Bowl, 2015)
* First-team All-Pro (2010 All-Pro Team, 2010)
* 2× Second-team All-Pro (2012 All-Pro Team, 2012, 2014 All-Pro Team, 2014)
* Pro Football Writers Association NFL Defensive Player of the Year, PFWA NFL Defensive Player of the Year (2010)
* Butkus Award (2010)
* 3× Pac-12 Conference, Pac-10 champion (2006–2008)
- **statlabel1**: Tackle (football move), Total tackles
- **statvalue1**: 519
- **statlabel2**: Quarterback sack, Sacks
- **statvalue2**: 91.5
- **statlabel3**: Pass deflected, Pass deflections
- **statvalue3**: 44
- **statlabel4**: Interceptions
- **statvalue4**: 6
- **statlabel5**: Fumble, Forced fumbles
- **statvalue5**: 17
- **statlabel6**: Touchdown, Defensive touchdowns
- **statvalue6**: 3
- **nflnew**: clay-matthews
- **pfr**: MattCl99
Lea Thompson

**Lea Katherine Thompson** (born May 31, 1961) is an American actress. She acted in the 1983 movie _All the Right Moves_ and the 1990s sitcom _Caroline in the City_. She also starred in many made for television movies.

## Early life

Thompson was born in Rochester, Minnesota. Both she and her older brother Andrew Thompson took ballet classes as children. Both became dancers with major dance companies--Andrew with the Colorado Ballet and Lea with the American Ballet Theatre. After Lea had many injuries and Mikail Baryshnikov told her she didn't have the ideal body, she left professional ballet to become an actress.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Lea Katherine Thompson
- **image**: Lea Thompson by Gregg Bond (2008).jpg
- **caption**: Lea Thompson in 2008
Rallidae

The **rails**, or **Rallidae**, are a large family of small to medium-sized birds. The rails are related to cranes, and both are in the order Gruiformes.

The family is diverse, and includes the crakes, coots, and gallinules. Many species are associated with wetlands, although the family is found in every terrestrial habitat except dry deserts, polar regions and alpine areas above the snow line. The Rallidae are found on every continent except Antarctica. There are numerous island species. The most common habitats are marshland or dense forest. They like dense vegetation.

There are many rails on islands, and they are often flightless.

## Flight and flightlessness

The wings of all rails are short and rounded. Their flight is not powerful, but can continue for long periods, and many species migrate annually. The weakness of their flight means they are easily blown off course, so they are common vagrants. This has led them to colonize many isolated oceanic islands. Furthermore, these birds often prefer to run rather than fly, especially in dense shrub or woodland habitats. Some are also flightless at some time during their moult period.

Many island rails are flightless because on a small island without threatening predators they do not need to fly or move long distances. Flight makes intense demands, with the keel and flight muscles taking up to a quarter of a bird's weight. Reducing the flight muscles lowers the metabolic demands, and reduces the flightless rail's energy needs. For this reason, flightlessness makes it easier to survive and colonize an island where resources may be limited. Flightlessness can evolve extremely rapidly in island rails; it took as little as 125,000 years for the Laysan rail to lose the power of flight and evolve the reduced, stubby wings only useful to keep balance when running quickly.
Tim Masthay

**Tim Masthay** (born March 16, 1987 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American football punter for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). Masthay was not drafted but started his football career in 2009 with the Indianapolis Colts when he was part of their practice squad. Masthay's father, Dr. Mark Masthay is a chairman of the chemistry department at the University of Dayton and his mother is the Executive Director of TriState Habitat for Humanity in Cincinnati, Ohio.

## Other websites

- Tim Masthay's profile at nfl.com

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Tim Masthay
- **image**: Tim Masthay.jpg
- **caption**: Masthay with the Green Bay Packers, Packers in 2011 Green Bay Packers season, 2011
- **number**: 8,7
- **position**: Punter (football), Punter
- **birth place**: Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lbs**: 200
- **high school**: Murray High School (Kentucky), Murray (KY)
- **college**: Kentucky Wildcats football, Kentucky
- **undraftedyear**: 2009
- **pastteams**: * Indianapolis Colts ()*
* Green Bay Packers (–)
- **pastteamsnote**: yes
- **highlights**: * Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl XLV, XLV)
* First-team All-Southeastern Conference, SEC (2008 All-SEC football team, 2008)
- **statleague**: NFL
- **statweek**: 17
- **statseason**: 2015
- **statlabel1**: Punts
- **statvalue1**: 390
- **statlabel2**: Punting yards
- **statvalue2**: 17,230
- **statlabel3**: Average punt
- **statvalue3**: 44.2
- **statlabel4**: Inside 20
- **statvalue4**: 132
- **nfl-new**: timmasthay/71387
All Pakistan Muslim League

The **All-Pakistan Muslim League**, is a political party in Pakistan founded by Pervez Musharraf in Karachi, Pakistan, in 2010, . The party was registered at the Election Commission.
All Parties Hurriyat Conference

The **All Parties Hurriyat Conference** (APHC) (formed March 10, 1993) is a political front formed as an alliance of 26 political, social and religious organizations in Kashmir. It was formed achieving the right of self-determination according to United Nations Security Council Resolution 47. "Hurriyat" in Kashmiri (as well as in Arabic from which the word is loaned, Urdu and Persian)  means "liberty". Tabish Bhat was elected its leader in January 2010.

## Objectives

The primary objective of Hurriyat Conference is to have Islamic governance in Jammu & Kashmir and liberating the regions from India to Pakistan.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: All Parties Hurriyat Conference
- **logo**: Hurriyat Conference Logo.jpg
- **colorcode**: Darkgreen
- **chairperson**: Mirwaiz Umar Farooq (Mirwaiz faction)
Masarat Alam Bhat (Geelani faction; interim)
- **predecessor**: Muslim United Front
- **founders**: Mirwaiz Umar Farooq
Syed Ali Shah Geelani
Sheikh Abdul Aziz
Mohammad Abbas Ansari
Abdul Gani Lone
Yasin Malik
Abdul Gani Bhat
Ghulam Mohammad Bhat
- **foundation**: 31 July 1993
- **ideology**: Kashmiri separatism
Self-determination
Islamism
- **position**: Big tent
- **colors**: Green
- **headquarters**: Srinagar
- **country**: India
Matt Turk

**Matthew Edward Turk** (born June 16, 1968 in Greenfield, Wisconsin) is a former American football punter that played 18 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). Turk was not drafted but started his football career in 1995 with the Washington Redskins.

He played for the Washington Redskins from 1995 to 1999, the Miami Dolphins from 2000 to 2001, the New York Jets in 2002, the Miami Dolphins again from 2003 to 2005, the St. Louis Rams in 2006, the Houston Texans from 2007 to 2010, the Jacksonville Jaguars in 2011 and the Houston Texans again in 2011.

## Websites

- Matt Turk at nfl.com

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Matt Turk
- **image**: Matt Turk.JPG
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Turk in 2010
- **number**: 1
- **position**: Punter (football), Punter
- **birth place**: Greenfield, Wisconsin
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lbs**: 248
- **high school**: Greenfield High School (Wisconsin), Greenfield (WI)
- **college**: University of Wisconsin at Whitewater, Wisconsin-Whitewater
- **undraftedyear**: 1993
- **pastteams**: * Racine Raiders (1993)
* Green Bay Packers ()*
* Los Angeles Rams (1946–94), Los Angeles Rams ()*
* Washington Redskins (–)
* Miami Dolphins (–)
* New York Jets ()
* Miami Dolphins (–)
* St. Louis Rams ()
* Houston Texans (–)
* Jacksonville Jaguars ()
* Houston Texans ()
- **pastteamsnote**: yes
- **highlights**: * 3× Pro Bowl (1997 Pro Bowl, 1996–1999 Pro Bowl, 1998)
* First-team All-Pro (1996)
- **statlabel1**: Punts
- **statvalue1**: 1,143
- **statlabel2**: Punt yards
- **statvalue2**: 48,414
- **statlabel3**: Average
- **statvalue3**: 42.8
- **nflnew**: mattturk/2503416
Anthurium

***Anthurium*** is a large plant genus of about one thousand species, belonging to the arum family (Araceae). Anthurium can also be called "**Flamingo Flower**" or "**Boy Flower**", both referring to the structure of the spathe and spadix.

The species has neotropical distribution; mostly in wet tropical mountain forest of Central America and South America, but some in semi-arid environments.
Wynonna Judd

**Wynonna Ellen Judd** (born **Christina Claire Ciminella**; May 30, 1964) is an American singer and songwriter.  She was born in Ashland, Kentucky.  She first rose to fame during the 1980s as part of the duo The Judds with her mother Naomi Judd, who was also a singer. The duo had seven albums via Curb Records. Wynonna has had many solo albums. In 1992 she had her first number one album on Billboard's Top Country Albums.

Wynonna's half-sister is actress Ashley Judd.  She was married to Arch Kelley from 1996 to 1999, with whom she has two children.  She was later to married to D. R. Roach from 2003 until 2007 and to Cactus Moser as of 2012.

### As lead artist

|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:22em;"|Title|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Year|scope="col" colspan="6"|Peak chart positions|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Album|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="4"|1992|—|1|25|—|1|—|rowspan="4"|_Wynonna_|
|—|1|—|—|1|76|||||
|83|1|35|—|1|—|||||
|—|4|—|—|4|—|||||
|rowspan="5"|1993|77|3|24|—|1|56|rowspan="7"|_Tell Me Why_|
|—|—|—|—|—|—|||||
|—|3|—|—|3|—|||||
|—|6|—|—|8|—|||||
|—|61|—|—|—|—|||||
|rowspan="2"|1994|—|2|—|—|5|—|||
|—|10|—|—|9|—|||||
|rowspan="4"|1996|—|1|25|—|3|—|rowspan="4"|_Revelations_|
|—|14|—|—|5|—|||||
|—|44|—|—|22|—|||||
|—|55|—|—|51|—|||||
|rowspan="3"|1997|—|—|—|—|—|—|_Collection_||
|98|13|—|—|6|—|rowspan="3"|_The Other Side_|||
|—|14|—|—|12|—|||||
|rowspan="3"|1998|—|45|—|—|47|—|||
|—|62|—|—|72|—|_Tammy Wynette Remembered_||||
|—|68|—|—|85|—|_The Prince of Egypt: Nashville_||||
|1999|—|31|—|—|49|—|rowspan="2"|_New Day Dawning_||
|2000|—|43|—|—|57|—||||
|rowspan="2"|2003|70|14|—|—|—|—|rowspan="5"|_What the World Needs Now Is Love_|
|—|37|—|—|—|—|||||
|rowspan="2"|2004|—|33|—|—|—|—|||
|—|—|14|12|—|—|||||
|rowspan="2"|2005|—|—|—|—|—|—|||
|—|40|—|—|—|—|_Her Story: Scenes from a Lifetime_||||
|2006|—|54|3|—|—|—|_A Classic Christmas_|||
|rowspan="3"|2009|—|—|—|—|—|—|rowspan="3"|_Sing: Chapter 1_|
|—|—|—|4|—|—|||||
|—|—|—|—|—|—|||||
|2011|—|—|—|—|—|—|rowspan="2"|||
|2013|—|—|—|—|—|—||||
|2016|—|—|—|—|—|—|_Wynonna & the Big Noise_|||
|colspan="9" style="font-size:90%"|"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.|||||||||

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Network|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2023|_Wynonna Judd: Between Hell and Hallelujah_|Paramount+||

## Related pages

- List of country musicians from Kentucky

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **years active**: 1983–present
- **genre**: Country music, Country


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Wynonna Judd
- **image**: Wynonna judd openarms.jpg
- **other names**: Wynonna
- **birth name**: Christina Claire Ciminella
- **birth place**: Ashland, Kentucky, United States, U.S.
- **spouse**: Arch Kelley ( 1993–99)
D. R. Roach ( 2003–07)

- **children**: 2
- **mother**: Naomi Judd
- **relatives**: Ashley Judd (half-sister)
Blades of Glory

***Blades of Glory*** is a 2007 American sports comedy movie that was produced by Ben Stiller, Stuart Cornfeld and John Jacobs and was directed by Josh Gordon and Will Speck. Blades of Glory was given a 69% Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 64 out of 100 rating on Metacritic. Blades of Glory grossed $33,014,202 on its opening weekend with 3,372 theaters, beating Disney's Meet the Robinsons to be the number 1 film. Voice clips from the movie are featured in the 2011 song, "Niggas in Paris" by Jay-Z and Kanye West.

## Cast

- Jon Heder as James "Jimmy" MacElroy
- Will Ferrell as Charles "Chazz" Michael Michaels
- Amy Poehler as Fairchild Van Waldenberg
- Will Arnett as Stranz Van Waldenberg
- Jenna Fischer as Katie Van Waldenberg
- Craig T. Nelson as Coach Robert
- Nick Swardson as Hector
- Romany Malco as Jesse
- Rob Corddry as Bryce
- William Daniels as Commissioner Ebbers
- William Fichtner as Darren MacElroy

## Other websites

- Blades of Glory's official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Blades of Glory
- **director**: Josh Gordon
Will Speck
- **producer**: Ben Stiller
Stuart Cornfeld
John Jacobs
- **starring**: Jon Heder
Will Ferrell
Craig T. Nelson
Will Arnett
Amy Poehler
William Fichtner
Jenna Fischer
Romany Malco
Nick Swardson
Rob Corddry
- **music**: Theodore Shapiro
- **cinematography**: Stefan Czapsky
- **editing**: Rick Pearson
Max Coyne
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures (USA)
- **released**: March 30, 2007
- **runtime**: 93 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $53 million
- **gross**: $145,708,642
Kathleen Turner

**Mary Kathleen Turner** (born June 19, 1954) is an American actress. She became famous during the 1980s with Hollywood movies including: _Body Heat_, _Romancing the Stone_ and _Peggy Sue Got Married_. Turner has starred in many television programs and theatrical movies. She was born in Springfield, Missouri. She is a Democrat.
Jewel (singer)

**Jewel Kilcher** (born May 23, 1974), known simply as **Jewel**, is an American singer-songwriter. She has had four Grammy Award nominations. Jewel was born in Payson, Utah, but raised in Anchorage, Alaska.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jewel
- **image**: Jewel Kilcher 05-18-2016 -4 (26573874204).jpg
- **caption**: Jewel performing at the Valley Performing Arts Center, Los Angeles, 2016
- **birth place**: Payson, Utah, U.S.
- **years active**: 1994–present
- **children**: 1
Woody Bay railway station

**Woody Bay** was a station on the old Lynton and Barnstaple Railway, a narrow gauge railway line that ran through Exmoor from Barnstaple to Lynton and Lynmouth in North Devon. The station was inland, about 2 km from **Woody Bay** itself. It opened with the line (as _Wooda Bay_ until the name was changed in 1901) on 7 March 1898, and closed when the line was closed on 29 September 1935. From 1923 until closure, the line was part of the Southern Railway.

Woody Bay station was built in part to serve the expected development of a resort at Woody Bay, a mile or so to the north.  A pier was built in the bay, although not much more building took place, and the pier was destroyed by storms before it properly opened.
The development was stopped when the promotor went bankrupt in 1900, and although a route was surveyed for a branch line to the bay, it was never built.

After being bought by the Lynton and Barnstaple Railway Company in 1995, restoration of the station began, and it opened as a Visitors' Centre in 2003.  An "out and back" service over a few hundred yards of track began in 2004, and with the opening of a temporary station at Killington Lane, about one mile towards Parracombe Halt, a regular "point to point" service started in 2006.

A carriage shed has been built into a cutting beyond the station.  It is a temporary structure erected in 2003, and can be moved when the line expands.

Woody Bay station is at:
Endgame (chess)

The **endgame** in chess (or _end game_ or _ending_) is the part of the game when there are few pieces left on the board. Alternatively, endgames begin when the middlegame is over, and kings are relatively safe.

## Features of endgame play

There are three main strategic differences between earlier parts of the game and endgame:
the
- _Pawns_: during the endgame, pawns become more special. In the endgame, one thing players try to do is to promote a pawn by advancing it to the eighth rank.
- _Kings_: may become strong pieces in the endgame. The king may be brought towards the center of the board. There it can support its own pawns, attack the opponent's pawns, and oppose the opponent's king.
- _Draws_: in the endgame, a game may be drawn because there are too few pieces on the board to allow a player to win. This is one of the main reasons for games to be drawn.

All endgame positions can be put into two camps. On the one hand are positions which may be won by force. On the other hand are positions which are drawn, or which should be drawn. The ones that are drawn for certain may be legally drawn (mate could not happen) or drawn by chess experience (no sane defence could lose). All endgames in master chess revolve around the borderline between winning and drawing. Generally, once a 'textbook' drawn position is reached the players will agree a draw; otherwise they play on.

Endgames can be studied according to the type of pieces that remain on board. For example, king and pawn endgames have only kings and pawns on one or both sides and the task of the stronger side is to promote one of the pawns. Other endings are studied according to the pieces on board other than kings, e.g. rook and pawn versus rook endgame.

## Basic checkmates

Basic checkmates are positions in which one side has only a king and the other side has one or two pieces, enough to checkmate the opponent's king. They are usually learned at the beginner stage. Examples are mate with K+Q v K; K+R v K; K+2B v K; K+B&N v K (this one is quite difficult).

## Technical endgames

Positions for which the result is certain, given best play, are technical positions. The best example is the analysis by computer chess engine of all possible positions with six pieces or fewer. This is called proof by exhaustion or exhaustive proof. It is logically the same as proving a mathematical theorem by proving the complete set of individual cases covered by the theorem.

### Endgame tablebases

After the chess engine has analysed the positions, the results are put into an endgame tablebase for easy retrieval by users. Working with a database to discover previously unknown facts is called **'data mining**'.

A number of interesting and surprising facts have indeed emerged. For example, For all three- to five-piece endgames and pawnless six-piece endgames, a complete list of mutual zugzwangs has been tabulated and published.

Another case is the longest sequence of moves to reach a definite result, called 'Depth to conversion'. In May 2006, Bourzutschky and Konoval discovered a KQN vs KRBN position with an astonishing DTC of 517 moves.
Jean-François Labbé

**Jean-François "J.F." Labbé**, nicknamed **Ti-Mine**, (born June 15, 1972) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender.

## Playing career

After playing four seasons in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, Labbé began a very successful American Hockey League career.  He played for the Prince Edward Island Senators, Cornwall Aces, Hershey Bears, Hamilton Bulldogs, Hartford Wolf Pack and Syracuse Crunch in his AHL tenure.  His best season came in 1996–1997 with the Hershey Bears, when he won both the Hap Holmes Memorial Award for lowest goals against average and the Les Cunningham Award for league MVP. Labbé won the Calder Cup with the Hartford Wolf Pack in 2000.

Labbé appeared in 15 NHL games: one with the New York Rangers at the end of the 1999–2000 season and 14 with the Columbus Blue Jackets during the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons.

He played for the Saint-Georges Garaga in the Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey in 2003–2004 after a short stint with the Tolyatti Lada in the Russian Hockey Super League.

Labbé has played in the DEL for three seasons, with Augsburger Panther in 2004–05 and with the Sinupret Ice Tigers in 2005–06 and 2006–07.

For the 2007–08 season he joined the Vienna Capitals in Austria's Erste Bank Hockey League.

Labbé was selected for induction as part of the American Hockey League Hall of Fame's 2016 class.

## Awards

- 1996-97 AHL Hap Holmes Memorial Award (lowest GAA)
- 1996-97 AHL Les Cunningham Award (MVP)
- 1999-00 AHL Hap Holmes Memorial Award (lowest GAA)

## Records

Labbé currently holds records with the Syracuse Crunch for:
- Lowest GAA in a single season - 2.18 (2001–02)
- Highest single season save percentage - .928 (2001–02)
- Career shutouts - 11

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: STP 20160201 1423 (39367178275).jpg
- **caption**: Labbé at the AHL Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony on February 1, 2016
- **played for**: New York Rangers
Columbus Blue Jackets
HC Lada Togliatti
Augsburger Panther
Thomas Sabo Ice Tigers
Vienna Capitals
- **position**: Goaltender (ice hockey), Goaltender
- **catches**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 172
- **birth place**: Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- **draft**: Undrafted
- **career start**: 1993
- **career end**: 2011
Damian Marley

**Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley** (born July 21, 1978 in Kingston, Jamaica) is a Jamaican singer, songwriter, rapper and DJ.  Marley has won four Grammy Awards. He is the son of Bob Marley.

## Personal life

Marley has released four studio albums. Marley has ten siblings: Ky-Mani, Julian, Stephanie, Karen, Rohan, Robbie, Stephen, Ziggy, Cedella and Sharon. Marley has a football team named after him in England called FC Zion.

## Discography

Damian Marley has released 4 studio albums:
|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|1996|_Mr. Marley_|
|2001|_Halfway Tree_|
|2005|_Welcome to Jamrock_|
|2010|_Distant Relatives_|

## Other websites

- Damian Marley official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley
- **image**: Damian Marley070607.jpg
Upstate New York

**Upstate New York** is the part of the state of New York that is north or west of the New York metropolitan area.

## Geography

Upstate cities include Binghamton, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Ithaca and Utica.  Rural areas of New York are also upstate.  These include the Adirondack Mountains and the Mohawk Valley.  Culturally, upstate New York is quite different than New York City.

## Politics

The people who live in upstate New York came from different places than the people who live in New York City.  Also, upstate New York is more moderate politically, with rural counties voting more conservative and urban counties more liberal, contrasted with the mostly liberal New York City.

## Attractions

Attractions in Upstate New York include:
- Corning Museum of Glass, Corning
- Culinary Institute of America, Hyde Park
- International Boxing Hall of Fame, Canastota
- National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Cooperstown
- Niagara Falls, Niagara Falls
- Women's Rights National Historical Park, National Women's Hall of Fame, Seneca Falls
Precision Approach Path Indicator

The **Precision Approach Path Indicator** (PAPI) is a visual system next to the touch-point on a runway. The purpose of the system is to lead a plane in correct approach. The PAPI creates ray of light which gives pilot information about his actual height.

Principle:

- If plane is over correct approach line, pilot will see 3 white lights and 1 red. If he is higher, he will see all lights in white.
- If plane keeps correct approach, pilot will see 2 white lights and 2 red. The right line is in the angle 3 degrees from axis of airport.
- If plane is under correct approach line, pilot will see 3 red lights and 1 white. If he is lower, he will see all lights in red.

The rules about the parameters are written in standard ANNEX 14 ICAO. The brochure contains more specific information about intensity of ray, location where we can get device etc.
Social Futebol Clube

**Social Futebol Clube** is a football club which plays in Brazil.

## Honours

- Campeonato Mineiro da Primeira Divisão Módulo II: 2
    - 1996, 2007

- Campeonato Mineiro da Segunda Divisão: 1
    - 1995

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Social
- **fullname**: Social Futebol Clube
- **nickname**: Saci
- **founded**: 1944
- **ground**: Estádio Louis Ensch, Coronel Fabriciano, Brazil
- **capacity**: 6,000
- **chairman**: Djalma Rodrigues
- **league**: Campeonato Mineiro
- **season**: 2009
- **position**: Campeonato Mineiro, 11th
Twiztid

**Twiztid** are an American hip-hop/horrorcore group from Detroit, Michigan. The group consists of two members: Jamie Madrox and Monoxide.

## Albums

Twiztid has released five studio albums:
|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|1997|_Mostasteless_|
|2000|_Freek Show_|
|2003|_The Green Book_|
|2005|_Man's Myth_|
|2010|''Heartbroken & Homicidal|

## Websites

Twiztid's Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Twiztid
- **img**: Twiztid in Chesterfield, MI on April 27th, 2013.JPG
- **img capt**: on the Abominationz tour show in Chesterfield, MI on April 27th, 2013
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Warren, Michigan, United States
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop, horrorcore, rap rock
- **years active**: 1997–present
- **label**: Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
- **associated acts**: Insane Clown Posse, House of Krazees, Psychopathic Rydas, Dark Lotus, Blaze Ya Dead Homie
- **url**: [http://www.twiztid.com/ Twiztid.com]
- **current members**: Jamie Spaniolo, Jamie Madrox
Paul Methric, Monoxide
University of California, San Diego

The **University of California, San Diego** (**UCSD** or **UC San Diego**) is a public research university. It is in the La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, California, United States. UCSD is part of the University of California system. It was founded in 1960 near the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

There were 22,048 undergraduate and 5,073 graduate students in fall 2007. The university awarded 6,802 degrees in 2005/06. The university is organized into six undergraduate colleges and six graduate divisions. It offers 125 undergraduate majors, 52 master's degrees, 51 doctoral programs, and four professional degrees.

In 2012, UCSD was ranked the 15th best university in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.  The 2010 edition of U.S. News & World Report ranked UC San Diego as the 35th best university in the nation. UCSD is consistently ranked high in other college and university rankings. In 2010, the university ranked 1st nationally in _The Washington Monthly_.

## Other websites

- Official website of the University of California, San Diego
- Historical Overview of UCSD
- NEES @ UC San Diego Large High Performance Outdoor Shake Table website
University of California

The **University of California** (**UC**) is a public university system in the state of California. The University of California is a part of the state's three-tier public higher education system, which also includes the California State University system and the California Community Colleges system.

The University of California has a combined student body of more than 220,000 students and over 170,000 faculty and staff. Its first campus, UC Berkeley, was founded in 1868, while its tenth and newest campus, University of California, Merced, opened for classes in fall 2005.

The University of California's campuses boast large numbers of distinguished faculty in almost every field and is widely regarded as one of the top public university systems in the world. Eight of its undergraduate campuses are ranked among the top 100, six among the top 50, and two among the top 25 U.S. universities by _U.S. News and World Report_. All of its undergraduate campuses except UC Merced are members of the Association of American Universities, a group of over 70 top U.S. and Canadian research universities. The current president of the University of California is Janet Napolitano.

## Campuses

- University of California, Berkeley
- University of California, Davis
- University of California, Irvine
- University of California, Los Angeles
- University of California, Merced
- University of California, Riverside
- University of California, San Diego
- University of California, San Francisco – Admits only graduate students in the health sciences.
- University of California, Santa Barbara
- University of California, Santa Cruz
- The University of California College of the Law, San Francisco is affiliated with UC, but governed separately from the rest of the UC system.

## Other websites

- Official website of the University of California
Luther Vandross

**Luther Ronzoni Vandross Jr.** (April 20, 1951 – July 1, 2005) was an American R&B/soul singer-songwriter, record producer and actor. He sold over 25 million albums and won eight Grammy Awards during his singing career.

Vandross died of a heart attack on July 1, 2005. Luther Vandross’ net worth.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Luther Vandross
- **image**: Luther Vandross and Diana Ross 2000.jpg
- **caption**: Vandross performing with Diana Ross in New York in 2000
- **image size**: 250px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Luther Ronzoni Vandross
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States
- **death place**: Edison, New Jersey, United States
- **genre**: Contemporary R&B, R&B, soul music, soul, Adult contemporary music, adult contemporary, soft rock, soul jazz, quiet storm
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, musician, record producer
- **instrument**: Vocals, keyboards
- **years active**: 1968–2005
- **label**: Cotillion Records, Cotillion, Epic Records, Epic, Virgin Records, Virgin, J Records, J, Legacy Recordings, Legacy
- **associated acts**: Change (band), Change, Chic (band), Chic, Dionne Warwick, Mariah Carey, Richard Marx, Whitney Houston
University of California, Santa Barbara

The **University of California, Santa Barbara** (also referred to as **UCSB** and **UC Santa Barbara**) is a research university in Santa Barbara, California, United States. The third-oldest of the ten major campuses affiliated with the University of California, Santa Barbara offeres 87 undergraduate and 55 graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. The main campus is located on a  site in Santa Barbara, California,  northwest of Los Angeles. The University was founded in 1909 and joined the University of California-system in 1944.

UC Santa Barbara is a "very high activity" research university. UCSB houses twelve national research centers.  UCSB faculty includes five Nobel Prize laureates, one Fields Medalist, 29 members of the _United States National Academy of Sciences_, 27 members of the _National Academy of Engineering_, and 23 members of the _American Academy of Arts and Sciences_.

## Other websites

- Official website of the University of California, Santa Barbara
Brown pelican

The **brown pelican** (_Pelecanus occidentalis_) is a large bird that lives along the coasts of the Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico in North and South America.

Brown pelicans are carnivores (meat-eaters) and hunt during the day (they are diurnal). They eat mostly fish and some amphibians and crustaceans.
Lincoln Continental

The **Lincoln Continental** was an American luxury car first produced around in 1939. The production ended around 1948, but started again during 1956. This car was a fully sized vehicle during most of its years. Its production ended around 2002. The replacement vehicle was Lincoln LS V8. Later, Lincoln introduced a new model, produced between 2016 and 2020.
Julia Stiles

**Julia Stiles** (born March 28, 1981, New York City) is an American actress. She played Nicky Parsons in the _Bourne_ movie series. She is also a stage and television actress. On March 17, 2001, Stiles hosted _Saturday Night Live_. She is a feminist.
Ryu Gwan-sun

**Ryu Gwan-sun** or **Yu Gwan-sun** (Hangul: 유관순, Hanja: 柳寬順) (December 17, 1902 – September 28, 1920) was a Christian Korean freedom fighter who protested against the Japanese occupation of Korea.

## Childhood

Ryu Gwansun was born on November 17, 1902, in a small farming village. Her brother said that she taught herself how to read Hangul. She was a playful, lively child who enjoyed running "like a boy" and was able to memorize Bible verses quickly. Her nephew, who grew up in the same village as her, said that she had very large, bright black eyes. Her brother described her as tall, with a plump, fair face.

When she was 12, she entered the Ewha Girls' School in Seoul, where she learned more about Christianity.

## Demonstrations

Ryu Gwansun joined in the March 1st Movement with some friends from her school, though her teacher strongly told them not to. She was taken to prison for a short time, and her school was closed. With the help of her family and friends, Ryu planned a peaceful demonstration in her province for 1 March. The day before the demonstration, Ryu lit a bonfire on a mountain as a signal to begin the demonstration. The next day, over 2000 people came together in a marketplace for the demonstration. The Japanese police shot at the people, and about 19 people died, including Ryu's parents. Ryu Gwansun was taken to prison. She died on September 28, 1920 from injuries sustained from torture and beatings in prison.

## Infobox (korean name)

- **img**: Ryu Gwan-sun.jpg
- **caption**: Ryu Gwansun in the Japanese prison.
- **width**: 140px
- **hangul**: 유관순
- **hanja**: 柳寬順
- **rr**: Ryu Gwansun
- **mr**: Ryu Kwansun
Dorothy Hamill

**Dorothy Hamill** (born July 26, 1956) is an American athlete. She won a gold medal in the 1976 Winter Olympics in figure skating.
Hamill was born in Chicago but grew up in Greenwich, Connecticut. She was married to Dean Paul Martin from 1982 until they divorced in 1984. She was married to Kenneth Forsythe from 1987 until 1995. Hamill has been married to John MacColl since 2009. She has a daughter by Forsythe.
Peggy Fleming

**Peggy Fleming** is an American figure skater and ABC Sports television commentator. She was the champion at 1968 Winter Olympics. She was born July 27, 1948 in San Jose, California.
Display (zoology)

**Display** is a form of animal behaviour, linked to survival of the species in various ways.

One function of display is in courtship. In most species the male has a striking feature that is distinguished by colour, shape or size, used to attract a female. In many species the male has another, more cryptic, form out of the mating season.

A related function is armament (horns, teeth) exhibited and used by 'tournament' species. In these species, males fight to gain the 'right' to breed. The display part of the process is a mechanism for younger males to avoid being damaged by prime males. Instinctive behaviour prompts lesser males to leave the field. Peafowl, deer, antelope and elephant seals are good examples.

The other main function is in species which have territorial display behaviour. This may preserve a foraging or hunting territory for its family or group.
Mary Lou Retton

**Mary Lou Retton** (born January 24, 1968) is an American gymnast. She was born in Fairmont, Virginia. Retton won gold, silver and bronze medals in the 1984 Summer Olympics. She was the first female outside Eastern Europe to win an Olympic all around title.

## Infobox (gymnast)

- **name**: Mary Lou Retton
- **image**: Retton-m.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: A portrait of Mary Lou Retton as a member of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, 2004.
- **nickname**: America's Sweetheart
- **birth place**: Fairmont, West Virginia
- **height**: 4 ft 9 in
- **weight**: 93 lb
- **discipline**: WAG
- **club**: Karolyi Gym
- **formercoach**: Béla Károlyi, Márta Károlyi
- **retired**: September 29, 1986
- **show-medals**: yes
Air mass

An **air mass** is a volume of air defined by its  temperature and water vapor content. Air masses cover many hundreds or thousands of square miles. Colder air masses are called polar or arctic, while warmer air masses are called tropical.
Antelope

**Antelope** is a term for many even-toed ungulate species. _Antelope is not a strict taxonomic term_ because they are not a clade. Antelope is a 'wastebasket taxon' in the family Bovidae. It includes the old-world species which are not cattle, sheep, buffalo, bison, or goats.

Antelopes occupy the ecological niche which deer occupy north of the Sahara. Both deer and antelopes are grass-eating mammals which have replaced browsers as the dominant vegetarian animals as forests gave way to grasslands.

Antelope are found mostly in Africa below the Sahara, and parts of Asia. No antelope are native to North America: the pronghorn is a member of the family Antilocapridae, another family. True antelope have horns which are unbranched and never shed, while pronghorns have branching horns, and shed annually.

There are 91 species of antelope, most of which are native to Africa, in about 30 genera. A group of antelope is called a herd.

Species of forest, woodland, or bush tend to be sedentary, but many of the plains species undertake huge migrations. These migrations enable grass-eating species to follow the rains and therefore their food supply. The gnus and gazelles of East Africa perform some of the most impressive mass migratory circuits of all mammals.

All bovids have even-toed hooves, horizontal pupils, ruminating guts, and (in at least the males) bony horns.
Many antelope are sexually dimorphic. In most species, both sexes have horns, but those of males tend to be larger. There is a tendency for males to be larger than the females

Horns are not shed and are not made of bone, which distinguishes them from antlers.
Gazelles and springbok are known for their speed and leaping abilities. Even larger antelope, such as elands, and kudus, are capable of jumping 8 feet (2.4 m) or greater, although their running speed is restricted by their greater mass.
Bredevoort Castle

The **Castle of Bredevoort** was a castle in the city of Bredevoort, Guelders in the Netherlands.

## History

The name of the castle was for the first time written in the year 1188 as "castrum Breidervort".

In 1646 lightning hit the gunpowder tower of the castle, causing an explosion that destroyed the castle and the town, killing Lord Haersolte of Bredevoort and his family, as well as others. Only one son, Anthonie, who was not home that day, survived.

In April 2009 big walls were discovered  underground in the heart of the town. On the square they found remain of the gate building which was a part of the ring wall surrounding the castle. That foundation is visible on the square today.
Tim Leveque

**Tim Leveque** (born June 13, 1968) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He is most famous for being the Laval Chiefs enforcer that is called up later in the season in the hockey documentary "Les Chiefs".

## Playing career

Leveque started his career with the Thunder Bay Senators of the Colonial Hockey League during the 1993-94 season. In two games, Leveque accumulated 23 PIMs.

After an eight year layoff, Leveque would resurface with the Laval Chiefs of the Quebec Semi-Pro Hockey League (currently the LNAH). Leveque would engage in several fights with Dominic "The Giant" Forcier of the Sorel Royaux during the season. Forcier who stood 6' 7" and 320 lbs, was taken down by Leveque during each of their three fights. After Leveque's final fight with Forcier on February 10, 2002, he would fight Chad Nicholson in the closing minutes of the same game. This would be Leveque's final game with the Chiefs. After the game, Leveque would tell the team that he had "connections in Norfolk" and that he was leaving the team.

In 2004, Leveque received a tryout with the Sherbrooke Saint-Francois. He would play one game with Sherbrooke, and was briefly involved in a fight with David Lessard. Leveque would be released after the game.

In 2005, Leveque played a preseason game with the Sorel-Tracy Mission and fought Corey Dean. After one game with the Mission, Leveque was released.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **played for**: Laval Chiefs
Thunder Bay Senators
- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Left wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lb**: 260
- **birth place**: Ottawa, Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **career start**: 1993
- **career end**: 2006
Opossum

**Opossums** are the largest order of marsupials  in the Western Hemisphere, the **Didelphimorphia**.

They are often called possums, though that term is more properly applied to Australian fauna of the suborder Phalangeriformes.

The Virginia opossum was the first animal to be called an _opossum_: the word comes from the Algonquian language, and means "white beast." It was one of the few South American marsupials to establish itself permanently in North America after the Great American Interchange, and the only one to survive there today.

Scientists used to believe that opossums hosted large numbers of ticks, but now they think they do not. Wildlife scientist Cecilia Hennessy thinks this belief came from a paper called "Hosts as ecological traps for the vector of Lyme disease." Hennessy did her own study and found that opossums do not eat many ticks. She and her team looked at opossums' stomachs and found animals without bones like beetles and worms, animals with bones like amphibians and small mammals, plants including grass, leaves and seeds, and garbage.

Marsupials like opossums are born before their jaw bones have grown enough for them to drink their mothers' milk the way other baby mammals do.  Scientists from King's College London found that opossums and other marsupials use tissue from their inner ear to make a temporary jaw so they can feed and grow.
Damian Jackson

**Damian Jacques Jackson** (born August 16, 1973 in Los Angeles, California) is an American baseball player. He is a second baseman for the Orange County Flyers of Golden Baseball League.

Jackson has formerly played for the Cleveland Indians from 1996-97, Cincinnati Reds from 1997-98, San Diego Padres from 1999-01, Detroit Tigers in 2002, Boston Red Sox in 2003, Chicago Cubs in 2004, Kansas City Royals in 2004, again with the San Diego Padres in 2005 and the Washington Nationals in 2006.

## Other websites

- Damian Jackson at sports.espn.go.com
Eland

The **eland** is the largest antelope. There are two species, both African.

The **common eland**, _Taurotragus oryx_, is from East Africa and South Africa. The **giant eland**, _Taurotragus derbianus_, is found in Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroon and Senegal  and West Africa.

The two species are rather similar in size: males range in size from  and may even reach a ton on rare occasions; females range from .

Giant eland are alert and wary, making them difficult to approach and observe. They are gregarious, and migrate in small herds of twenty or so animals. Giant eland live in open forest and savannah where they eat grass, leaves, and branches. Common eland live in large herds.

Observers have, as usual, found it difficult to measure their speed of running. Some claim they move quickly, running at over , and despite their size are exceptional jumpers, easily clearing heights of . Others claim elands are one of the slowest antelopes, but can even jump a height of  or more.

When walking, tendon or joints in the eland's foreleg produce a sharp clicking sound, the cause of which is not known. The sound carries some distance and is a good indication of an approaching herd. Naturalists think it is a form of communication in elands.
Daryl Hannah

**Daryl Christine Hannah** (born December 3, 1960 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American actress and environmental activist. She starred in many movies during the 1980s, including _Splash_.
Tachisme

**Tachisme** is a French art style popular in the 1940s and 1950s. It had large brush strokes and had many drips and blobs of paint straight from the paint tube.
Wale (rapper)

**Wale Victor Folarin** (born **Olubowale Victor Akintimehin**; September 21, 1984 in Washington D.C.) is an  American rapper better known by his stage name **Wale**.

In 2010, Wale was nominated for Best New Artist from both the Soul Train Awards and BET Awards. He did not win.

### Studio albums

Wale has released 7 studio albums:
- _Attention Deficit_ (2009)
- _Ambition_ (2011)
- _The Gifted_ (2013)
- _The Album About Nothing_ (2015)
- _Shine_ (2017)
- _Wow... That's Crazy_ (2019)
- _Folarin II_ (2021)

### Mixtapes

Wale has released 8 mixtapes:
- _Paint a Picture_ (2005)
- _Hate Is the New Love_ (2006)
- _100 Miles & Running_ (2007)
- _The Mixtape About Nothing_ (2008)
- _Back to the Feature_ (2009)
- _More About Nothing_ (2010)
- _The Eleven One Eleven Theory_ (2011)
- _Folarin_ (2012)

### Singles

Wale has had 5 singles:
|Year|Single|
| --- | --- |
|2007|"Nike Boots"|
|2009|"Chillin" <small>(featuring Lady Gaga)</small>|
|2009|"World Tour" <small>(featuring Jazmine Sullivan)</small>|
|2009|"Pretty Girls" <small>(featuring Gucci Mane and Backyard Band)</small>|
|2010|"Let's Chill" <small>(featuring Lloyd)</small>|

## Other websites

- Wale's Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **child**: yes
- **children**: 2


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Wale
- **image**: Walle Georgetown (cropped).JPG
- **caption**: Wale performing at Georgetown University's 2010 Midnight Madness (basketball), Midnight Madness
- **alias**: Ralph Folarin
- **origin**: Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.
- **birth name**: Olubowale Victor Akintimehin
- **birth place**: Northwest (Washington, D.C.), Northwest, Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **genre**: Hip hop music, Hip hop
- **years active**: 2005–present
- **past member of**: Lupe Fiasco #All City Chess Club, All City Chess Club
- **instrument**: Drums (s. 2016)
- **native name**: Frank
National Academy of Sciences

**National Academy of Sciences** (**NAS**) is United States corporation whose members serve as advisers to the nation on science. New members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research.

The National Academy of Sciences is part of the United States National Academies, which also includes:
- _National Academy of Engineering_ (NAE)
- _Institute of Medicine_ (IOM)
- _United States National Research Council_ (NRC)

The NAS is running  21-month project which will study how humans might influence weather patterns, assess dangers and investigate possible national security implications of climate geoengineering attempts to mitigate global warming.  The project is funded by the CIA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and NASA.

## Other websites

- National Academy of Sciences: About the NAS