Ruhr Area

The **Ruhr Area** (__) is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.  Many of the cities in the Ruhrgebiet used to have a lot of heavy industry.

The Ruhr Area is bordered by the rivers Ruhr River to the south, Rhine River to the west, and Lippe to the north. Southwest it borders the Bergisches Land.

The area has about 5.3 million inhabitants, and is part of the larger Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area of more than 12 million people.

The Ruhr Area consists of the cities of Duisburg, Oberhausen, Bottrop, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Bochum, Herne, Hamm, Hagen and Dortmund and the rural districts of Wesel, Recklinghausen, Unna and Ennepe-Ruhr

## Culture

The city of Essen in the Ruhr area was selected as European Capital of Culture for 2010 by the Council of the European Union.

## References

- Bishop, Patrick.  _Bomber Boys Fighting Back 1940–1945_
- French Directorate for Economic Affairs, Memorandum on the separation of the German industrial regions , 8 September 1945.
- Gareau, Frederick H.  "Morgenthau's Plan for Industrial Disarmament in Germany", _Western Political Quarterly,_ Vol. 14, No. 2 (Jun., 1961), pp. 517–53 in JSTOR
- Yoder, Amos. "The Ruhr Authority and the German Problem", _Review of Politics,_ Vol. 17, No. 3 (Jul., 1955), pp. 345–358 in JSTOR

## Further reading

- Kift, Roy, _The Complete Ruhrgebiet: The English language guide_ (2018)  () Klartext Verlag, Essen http://www.roy-kift.com
- Berndt, Christian. _Corporate Germany Between Globalization and Regional Place Dependence: Business Restructuring in the Ruhr Area_ (2001)
- Crew, David. _  Town in the Ruhr: A Social History of Bochum, 1860–1914_ (1979) ()
- Fischer, Conan. _The Ruhr Crisis, 1923–1924_ (2003)
- Gillingham, John.  "Ruhr Coal Miners and Hitler's War", _Journal of Social History_ Vol. 15, No. 4 (Summer, 1982), pp. 637–653 in JSTOR
- Chauncy D. Harris, "The Ruhr Coal-mining District", _Geographical Review,_ 36 (1946), 194–221.
- Gillingham, John. _Industry and Politics in the Third Reich: Ruhr Coal, Hitler, and Europe_ (1985) ()
- Pounds, Norman J. G. _The Ruhr: A Study in Historical and Economic Geography_ (1952) online
- Pierenkemper, Toni. "Entrepreneurs in Heavy Industry: Upper Silesia and the Westphalian Ruhr Region, 1852 to 1913", _Business History Review_ Vol. 53, No. 1 (Spring, 1979), pp. 65–78 in JSTOR
- Royal Jae Schmidt. _Versailles and the Ruhr: Seedbed of World War II_ (1968)
- Spencer, Elaine Glovka. "Employer Response to Unionism: Ruhr Coal Industrialists before 1914" _Journal of Modern History_ Vol. 48, No. 3 (Sep., 1976), pp. 397–412 in JSTOR
- Spencer, Elaine Glovka.  _Management and Labor in Imperial Germany: Ruhr Industrialists as Employers, 1896–1914._  Rutgers University Press. (1984) online
- Todd, Edmund N. "Industry, State, and Electrical Technology in the Ruhr Circa 1900", _Osiris_ 2nd Series, Vol. 5, (1989), pp. 242–259 in JSTOR

## Other websites

- Capital of Culture 2010 Official Site
- ruhr.2010 Capital of Culture Blog
- Ruhrgebietsbilder: Photos about the Ruhr

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ruhr Metropolitan Region
- **native name**: <small>_Metropolregion Ruhr_</small>
- **image map**: Locator map RVR in Germany.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: map of the Ruhr metropolitan region within Germany
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States of Germany, State
- **subdivision name1**: ----
- **governing body**: Regionalverband Ruhr
- **subdivision type3**: Largest Cities
- **subdivision name3**: Dortmund
Essen
Duisburg
Bochum
- **population metro**: 5,172,745
- **area metro km2**: 4435
- **population density metro km2**: 1646
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **elevation max m**: 441
- **elevation min m**: 13
- **blank name sec1**: Gross regional product, GRP
- **blank info sec1**: 2007
- **blank1 name sec1**: Nominal
- **blank1 info sec1**: Euro, € 136.3 billion
- **website**: [http://www.metropoleruhr.de/ www.metropoleruhr.de]