juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Arnold Palmer (drink)

The **Arnold Palmer** is a non-alcoholic beverage. It combines iced tea and lemonade. The name refers to the professional American golfer Arnold Palmer, who was known to often request and drink this beverage combination; some attribute the invention of the beverage to the golfer.

it is made by many companies like but not only Arizona Beverage Company who sell it in cans and large cardboard crates of cans as well as plastic bottles.it is sold in many places such as supermarkets and grocery stores. it is also sold in some restraunts that offer it on there menu.

it is belived to have been invented in part by profssional golfer Arnold Palmer who commonly asked for it at restraunts.
IRAS 04509-6922

IRAS 04509-6922 is an AGB in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

IRAS 04509-6922’s minimum radius is 1,027 solar radii (1,430,286,468 km) (1,430,286,468,000 m).

IRAS 04509-6922’s maximum radius is 2,249 solar radii (3,132,146,316 km) (3,132,146,316,000 m), but this is unlikely.

Another estimate suggests a radius of 1,187 solar radii.

It has a spectral type of M10.
Ranitomeya reticulata

The **reticulated poison frog**, **red back poison frog**, or **redbacked poison frog** (_Ranitomeya reticulata_) is a frog.  It lives in Peru and Ecuador.

## Body

The adult male frog is 13.0 to 15.0 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 14.0–17.0 mm long. The top of the head and skin of the back are a color red that looks like metal or brown-red. Some frogs have black spots. The tops of the four legs, sides, and belly are gray or blue-gray with black marks.

## Name

Scientists named this frog _reticulata_ in Latin because the pattern on its belly and legs is called "reticulated" in English.

## Home

This frog lives in rainforests that have never been cut down and in rainforests that have been cut down and are growing back. People have seen this frog between 150 and 340 meters above sea level.

## Young

The female frog lays eggs on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the male frog carries the tadpoles water in holes in trees or in bromeliad plants high off the ground.

## Danger

Scientists believe this frog is not danger of dying out because it lives in a large place. But it is in some danger because people kill trees, for example to make charcoal: People set the forest on fire so they can sell the char for fuel.  Scientists think people might also catch this frog to sell.

One of the places this frog lives is a protected park: Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana.
R71

RMC 71 (HD 269006) is a luminous blue variable that experienced an outburst in 2012 and during the outburst the star reached up to 500 solar radii (696,342,000 km). The star is naturally 107 solar radii.
Pierre Picault

**Pierre Picault** (27 February 1899 – 20 November 2008) was, at age 109, France's last surviving French veteran of World War I and eldest man. He became the last French World War I veteran following the death of 108-year-old Fernand Goux on 9 November 2008.

## Related pages

- Oldest people
Fjälkinge

**Fjälkinge** is a town in Kristianstad Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden.  1,690 persons lived there in 2010.

The name, Fjälkinge, may mean "steep hill".

Fjälkinge Church is a Romanesque-style church with paintings made in the 1200s.

Olof Hanson, an American building designer, was born in Fjälkinge in 1862.  His family moved to Willmar, Minnesota in 1875.

## Infobox (city)

- **name**: Fjälkinge
- **native name lang**: sw
- **image skyline**: S3700064.JPG
- **pushpin map**: Sweden Skåne#Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Skåne
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Skåne County
- **subdivision name3**: Kristianstad Municipality
- **area total km2**: 1.35
- **population total**: 1,690
- **population density km2**: 1254
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Michael Bates (Sealand)

**Michael Roy Bates** (born ), self-styled as **Prince Michael of Sealand**, is an English businessman and self-published author. He operates a self-proclaimed and unrecognized micronation called the Principality of Sealand, which he inherited from his parents Paddy Roy Bates and Joan Bates. He has claimed the title "Prince of Sealand" since the death of his father in 2012.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Michael Bates
- **image**: Principe di Sealand.jpg
- **alt**: Bates in 2015 posing with his book
- **caption**: Bates in 2015
- **succession**: Principality of Sealand, Prince of Sealand

- **reign**: 9 October 2012 - _present_
- **reign-type**: Pretendance
- **predecessor**: Paddy Roy Bates
- **successor**: James Bates
- **birth name**: Michael Roy Bates
- **mother**: Joan Bates
- **father**: Paddy Roy Bates
Switzerland national under-17 football team

The **Switzerland national under-17 football team** represents Switzerland in youth international football. They have competed at the FIFA U-17 World Cup and the UEFA European Under-17 Championship. Its biggest success when the won the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Nigeria.

### FIFA U-17 World Cup Record

|Year|Round|GP|W|D*|L|GS|GA|GD|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1985|_did not qualify_||||||||
|1987|||||||||
|1989|||||||||
|1991|||||||||
|1993|||||||||
|1995|||||||||
|1997|||||||||
|1999|||||||||
|2001|||||||||
|2003|||||||||
|2005|||||||||
|2007|||||||||
|2009|**Champions**|7|7|0|0|18|7|+11|
|2011|_did not qualify_||||||||
|2013|||||||||
|2015|||||||||
|2017|||||||||
|2019|||||||||
|~~2021~~|_Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic_||||||||
|2023|_did not qualify_||||||||
|2025|_to be determined_||||||||

### UEFA European U-17 Football Championship Record

|Year|Round|GP|W|D*|L|GS|GA|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2002|**Champions**|6|5|1|0|12|2|
|2003|_did not qualify_|||||||
|2004||||||||
|2005|Group stage|3|1|1|1|5|5|
|2006|_did not qualify_|||||||
|2007||||||||
|2008|Group stage|3|1|0|2|1|4|
|2009|**Semi-final**|4|1|2|1|5|4|
|2010|Group stage|3|0|0|3|1|10|
|2011|_did not qualify_|||||||
|2012||||||||
|2013|Group stage|3|0|1|2|3|5|
|2014|Group stage|3|0|1|2|2|5|
|2015|_did not qualify_|||||||
|2016||||||||
|2017||||||||
|2018|Group stage|3|2|0|1|4|2|
|2019|_did not qualify_|||||||
|~~2020~~|_Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic_|||||||
|~~2021~~||||||||
|2022|_did not qualify_|||||||
|2023|Quarter-finals|4|2|2|0|5|2|
|2024|_to be determined_|||||||
|**Total**|**9/20**|**32**|**12**|**8**|**12**|**38**|**39**|
_*Denotes draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks._
- Gold background color indicates first-place finish. Silver background color indicates second-place finish. Bronze background color indicates third-place finish

## Infobox (national football team)

- **name**: Switzerland U-17
- **fifa trigramme**: SUI
- **association**: Swiss Football Association
- **confederation**: UEFA (Europe)
- **coach**: Stefan Marini
- **pattern la1**: _sui22h
- **pattern b1**: _sui22h
- **pattern ra1**: _sui22h
- **pattern sh1**: _sui22h
- **pattern so1**: _sui22hl
- **leftarm1**: FF0000
- **body1**: FF0000
- **rightarm1**: FF0000
- **shorts1**: FF0000
- **socks1**: FF0000
- **pattern la2**: _sui22a
- **pattern b2**: _sui22a
- **pattern ra2**: _sui22a
- **pattern sh2**: _sui22a
- **pattern so2**: _sui22al
- **leftarm2**: FFFFFF
- **body2**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm2**: FFFFFF
- **shorts2**: FFFFFF
- **socks2**: FFFFFF
- **regional name**: FIFA U-17 World Cup, World Cup
- **regional cup apps**: 1
- **regional cup first**: 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup, 2009
- **regional cup best**: **Champions** (2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup, 2009)
- **2ndregional name**: UEFA European Under-17 Championship, European championships
- **2ndregional cup apps**: 9
- **2ndregional cup first**: 2002 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, 2002
- **2ndregional cup best**: **Champions** (2002 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, 2002)
Nicki Minaj discography

This is the discography of Trinidadian rapper Nicki Minaj.

### Studio albums

|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:8em;"|Title|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"|Album details|scope="col" colspan="10"|Peak chart positions|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em;"|Sales|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"|Certifications||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|* Released: November 22, 2010 * Label: Young Money, Cash Money, Universal Motown * Formats: CD, LP, digital download|1|1|1|19|8|116|17|15|—|16|* US: 2,000,000 * UK: 282,000|* RIAA: 3× Platinum * ARIA: Platinum * BPI: Platinum|
|* Released: April 2, 2012 * Label: Young Money, Cash Money, Universal Republic * Formats: CD, LP, digital download|1|1|1|5|1|20|2|3|37|1|* US: 905,000 * UK: 242,000|* RIAA: 2× Platinum * ARIA: Gold * BPI: Platinum * IRMA: Platinum|
|* Released: December 12, 2014 * Label: Young Money, Cash Money, Republic * Formats: CD, LP, digital download|2|1|1|19|6|70|31|21|9|22|* US: 682,000|* RIAA: 2× Platinum * ARIA: Platinum * BPI: Gold * IFPI SWE: Gold * MC: 2× Platinum|
|* Released: August 10, 2018 * Label: Young Money, Cash Money, Republic * Formats: CD, LP, digital download|2|2|2|4|2|7|5|8|15|5|* US: 147,000|* RIAA: Platinum * ARIA: Gold * BPI: Gold * MC: 2× Platinum * SNEP: Gold|
|* Released: December 8, 2023 * Label: Young Money, Cash Money, Republic * Formats: CD, LP, digital download, streaming|1|1|1|3|2|20|9|3|32|3|* US: 92,000|* RIAA: Platinum * BPI: Silver|
|colspan="14" style="font-size:90%"|"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.||||||||||||

## Infobox (artist discography)

- **artist**: Nicki Minaj
- **image**: Nicki Minaj - Live Femme Fatale 10.jpg
- **caption**: Minaj performing in 2010
- **studio**: 5
- **alt**: Nicki Minaj
- **compilation**: 1
- **singles**: 136
- **option**: 1
- **option name**: Reissues
- **1option**: 3
- **1option name**: Mixtapes
- **2option**: 20
- **2option name**: Promotional singles
Hartford, Wisconsin

**Hartford** is a city in Washington and Dodge counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, 15,626 people live in Hartford.
Chilton, Wisconsin

**Chilton** is a city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. It is the county seat of Calumet County. As of the 2020 census, 4,080 people lived here. It is within the Town of Chilton.
Chilton (town), Wisconsin

**Chilton** is a town in Calumet County, Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2020 census, 1,059 people lived here. It is within the City of Chilton.
WWF Light Heavyweight Championship

The **WWF Light Heavyweight Championship** was a professional wrestling championship. It was fought for in Universal Wrestling Association (UWA) from March 26, 1981 until June 16, 1995, Michinoku Pro Wrestling (MPW) from June 16, 1995 until November 5, 1997, and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from November 5, 1997 until March 8, 2002. It was best known for its time being fought for in the WWF.

The championship was fought for between professional wrestlers who were under the weight of 215 lbs, known as light heavyweights.

## History

On March 26, 1981, the title was created by Universal Wrestling Association (UWF). A tournament was held to find the first champion (winner). Perro Aguayo of Legends of Lucha Libre won defeating Gran Hamada in the finals. He became the Light Heavyweight champion.

After the UWA went bankrupt, the championship was picked by Michinoku Pro Wrestling (MPW) on June 16, 1995. Aeroflash would win the vacant championship. He would be defeated by The Great Sasuke at Michinoku Pro Luchabaka Diary '96 - Tag 7 on March 24, 1996. During its history, the Light Heavyweight championship would also make appearances in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) as part of it's J-Crown. When Ultimo Dragon was J-Crown champion, he appeared at World War 3 with the unofficial WWF Light heavyweight championship and defeated Rey Misterio Jr.

A five-week, eight-man tournament was held by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) to find the first-ever WWF Light Heavyweight champion. On December 7, 1997 at _D-Generation X: In Your House_, Taka Michinoku defeated Brian Christopher in the finals to become the first champion.

The last champion would be X-Pac after he defeated Tajiri at SummerSlam. On March 8, 2002, the championship would be retired and replaced with the WCW Cruiserweight Championship after The Invasion storyline.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (pro wrestling championship)

- **name**: WWF Light Heavyweight Championship
- **promotion**: Universal Wrestling Association (March 26, 1981—June 16, 1995)
Michinoku Pro Wrestling (June 16, 1995—November 5, 1997)
WWE, World Wrestling Federation (November 5, 1997—March 8, 2002)
- **firstchamp**: Perro Aguayo
Taka Michinoku (by WWE's official title history)
- **finalchamp**: Sean Waltman, X-Pac
- **created**: March 26, 1981
December 7, 1997 (by WWE's official title history)
- **mostreigns**: Perro Aguayo and Villano III
(7 reigns)
- **longestreign**: Villano III (826 days)
- **shortestreign**: Perro Aguayo and Scotty 2 Hotty (8 days)
- **oldest**: Perro Aguayo (43 years, 9 months)
- **youngest**: Mr. Águila, Essa Rios
(21 years, 63 days)
- **heaviest**: Shinjiro Otani ()
- **lightest**: The Great Sasuke
()
- **titleretired**: March 8, 2002
Ranitomeya sirensis

The **Biolat poison frog**, **bamboo poison frog**, **Sira poison frog**, or **Pasco poison frog** (_Ranitomeya variabilis_) is a frog.  It lives in the Amazon rainforest in Peru  and Bolivia.

## Body

The adult male frog is 15-17 mm long from nose to rear end. The frogs that live in the Sira mountains have red skin on their backs, and the legs are light blue-green. Their bellies are blue-green with one red mark each.  Frogs in other places are black with yellow stripes.  This is called a color morph: The frogs are the same species but they have different colors.  These frogs have disks on their toes for climbing.

## Name

Scientists gave this frog the Latin name _sirensis_ because of the place where they saw the frog: Serranía de Sira.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day. It lives in  rainforests that have been cut down and are growing back. People have seen this frog between 200 and 1560 meters above sea level. This frog can sometimes live on farms, for example coffee farms, but it does not live on farms where the plants grow close together and there is only one type of plant.

## Young

Only the male frog takes care of the young.  After the eggs hatch, the male frog carries the tadpoles to different pools of water inside bamboo plants or other plants. The tadpoles eat what they find there, for example baby mosquitoes.

## Danger

Scientists believe this frog is not danger of dying out because it lives in a large place. But it is in some danger because people catch this frog to sell as a pet.  The frog can become locally endangered, meaning that even though there are many _R. sirensis_ frogs on planet Earth, there are suddenly very few in a place where there used to be many. Because this frog has different color morphs, and because some pet owners think the colors are interesting or pretty, people catch the frogs that are that color morph, and they can become very rare in some places. Scientists say that countries should pass laws against catching frogs in just those places. This frog is also in danger from habitat loss because people cut down forests to make farms.

Some of the places this frog lives are protected parks, for example Yanachaga Chemillén National Park, Reserva Comunal El Sira, Manu National Park, Bahuaja-Sonene National Park and Tambopata National Reserve.
Senary

A **senary** numeral system (also known as **base-6**, **heximal**, or **seximal**) is a number system that uses 6 digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). Examples are 12 in senary is 20, and 35 in senary is 55.

## Overview

In senary, when it reaches 5, it will not be 6 because 6 is not in the senary system, so you add a 1 in front and 0 on everything else.

## Decimal to senary 1 to 20

Decimal is on the left and senary is on the right.
- 0 = 0
- 1 = 1
- 2 = 2
- 3 = 3
- 4 = 4
- 5 = 5
- 6 = 10
- 7 = 11
- 8 = 12
- 9 = 13
- 10 = 14
- 11 = 15
- 12 = 20
- 13 = 21
- 14 = 22
- 15 = 23
- 16 = 24
- 17 = 25
- 18 = 30
- 19 = 31
- 20 = 32

## Related pages

- Binary (Base 2)
- Ternary (Base 3)
- Quaternary (Base 4)
- Quinary (Base 5)
- Septenary (Base 7)
- Octal (Base 8)
- Nonary (Base 9)
- Decimal (Base 10)
- Hexadecimal (Base 16)
- Vigesimal (Base 20)
Koli Mahasabha

The **Koli Mahasabha** (Hindi: कोली महासभा) or ***All India Kshatriya Koli Mahasabha*** (Hindi: अखिल भारतीय क्षत्रिय कोली महासभा) was a social organisation of Koli community formed in Ajmer city of Rajputana (now Rajasthan) in British India to promote the interests of Kolis for seeking social upliftment into Kshatriya varna and to raise awareness about the social and economic problems faced by Kolis. in the November and December 1939, Koli Mahasabha filled the petition to be counted as separated Kshatriya caste by British Indian Government. B. R. Ambedkar was not in support of the ABKKM because of the use of Kshatriya word and opposed the Koli leader by many ways.

Akhil Bhartiya Kshatriya Koli Mahasabha was a social organisation initiated in Ajmer by a group of kolis of Rajasthan in 1927 and spread throughout the Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan. Koli leaders of Mahasabha claimed Kshatriya status because of the Koli Princely states and Jagirs of Kolis in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Himachal Pradesh. At that time, there were 52 princely states of kolis in Gujarat but all of them were minor or petty states, several of koli principlities were in Maharashtra and Kullu state in Himachal. After the Independence of India from British rule in 1947, The leaders of Mahasabha in 1952 invited the Koli Maharaja Yashwantrao Martandrao Mukne of Jawhar state, Maharaja Deshmukh Dhairyashilrao Pawar of Surgana state and the Koli Thakurs of Jagirs in Gujarat to take a meating in Ajmer to discuss for upliftment of Koli society. Maharaja Mukne sent his Prime Minister to the meeting with a grateful thank.

In 1939, The **ABKKM** published a book named ***Koli Kshatriya Jaati Ka Sanchhipta Parichay*** to promote the history of Kolis. this book was written by a Arya Samaji Nand Kumar Shastri and published by Ram Krishna Printing Press.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Koli Mahasabha
- **formation**: 1927
- **full name**: Akhil Bharatiya Kshatriya Koli Mahasabha
- **native name**: अखिल भारतीय क्षत्रिय कोली महासभा
- **native name lang**: Hi
- **abbreviation**: ABKKM
- **named after**: Koli people
- **founding location**: Ajmer, Ajmer-Merwara, British India
- **type**: Non - Profit Social organisation
- **status**: Social Organisation
- **headquarters**: Ajmer
- **services**: Social activities
- **language**: *Koli language, Koli
*Hindi
*Himachali language, Himachali
*Braj Bhasa
*English language, English
- **leader title**: President & Vice - President
- **leader name**: *Pratap Shivram Singh
*Hukam Chand Kachwai
- **key people**: *Chandan Singh Mahor of Bharatpur
*Mohan Kumar Nathu Singh Tanwar
- **affiliations**: *Mahawar Koli
*Sankhwar, Sankhwar Koli
*Ahirwar Kori
*Shakya Koli
*Shakyawar Kori
*Jaiswar Kori
Joban Pagi

**Joban Pagi** was a notorious Koli dacoit of Gujarat who looted the treasury of the Rajas and Maharajas of the native Princely States. Joban Pagi had also looted the Treasury of Baroda State, the largest princely state of Gujarat. Pagi was born in a Koli landlord family of Vadtal village in Gujarat.  Later Pagi became a devotee of Swaminarayan and built a big temple of Swaminarayan in Vadtal.

## Phool Dol festival

In Dhaban, the Phooldol festival of Swaminarayan is made which was first celebrated at the behest of Joban Pagi.  After becoming the devotee of Swaminarayan, Pagi requested Swaminarayan to celebrate the festival, since then that festival is known as Phool Dol.

## History

Jaban Pagi had tried many times to steal Swaminarayan's mare named Manaki during the dacoit life, but failed every time, due to which the dacoit Joban Pagi became Swaminarayan's devotee and retired from the dacoit life.

There is also a legend that Swaminarayan was on a tour of Vadtal village and he rested near the Gomti lake when there was a crowd of devotees.  There were mango trees near the lake, in which juicy mangoes were planted, so the devotees expressed their desire to eat mangoes, only then Joban Pagi said, if the lord permit me, then I should shoot the mangoes down with the gun.  In this, Swaminarayan saw arrogance in Pagi's words and ordered Pagi, if you can do so, of course, put the mangoes down, but not a single mango was targeted on Pagi, after which Swaminarayan asked all the devotees to give up arrogance.  And ordered to live peacefully and Pagi did the same.

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Dacoit
- **name**: Joban Pagi
- **honorific suffix**: Devotee of Swaminarayan
- **native name**: જોબન પગી
- **native name lang**: gu
- **other names**: Joban Vadtalo
- **birth name**: Joban Pagi
- **birth place**: Vadtal, Baroda State, British India
- **death place**: Vadtal, Baroda State, British India
- **death cause**: Hunger
- **occupation**: Agriculturist
- **era**: British India, British era
- **criminal charges**: Murder, Blackmail, Threatening, Looting
- **criminal status**: Pardoned
Baburao Kokate

The **Baburao Dhondirao Kokate** was Koli revolutionary from Maharashtra. He took active part in Quit India Movement in 1942.

He was joined by Nagnath Naikwadi and Y.C. Patil in Quit India Movement.

## Early life

Baburao Kokate was born in Padvalwadi village to a Koli family of Kokate clan of Dhondirao Kokate.

## History

Baburao Kokate took an active part in the 1942 _August Kranti Movement_ known as Quit India Movement. At that time, he was in the Intermediate class but he gave up his studies. Even after the movement was suppressed, Baburao Kokate maintained contact with the underground revolutionaries. He helped them in all possible ways and arranged for shelter for them. He also arranged for money for them. The police came to know of his activities and shot him dead, as he was trying to leave Sangli one night 1942.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Baburao Dhondirao Kokate
- **native name**: बाबूराव धोंदीराव कोकाटे
- **native name lang**: Hi
- **birth name**: Baburao Dhondirao Kokate
- **birth date**: 14 July, 1920
- **birth place**: Padvalwadi, Sangali, British India
- **death date**: 1942
- **death place**: Sangali, British India
- **death cause**: Shot to death
- **nationality**: Indian
- **education**: Intermediate
- **occupation**: Student
- **years active**: 1942
- **era**: British Raj, British era
- **movement**: Indian Independence movement
- **father**: Dhondirao Kokate
Babar Deva

The **Babar Deva** (1885–1924) (Hindi: बाबर देवा) was a notorious and infamous dacoit who was born in the Koli family of Gorelgaon in Borsad taluka of Anand district in Gujarat. Like his father, Babar Deva was an outlaw. He murdered and robbed many people in Gujarat.

## Crimes

Babar's first murder victim was the Patel (Mukhiya) of his village, who was a Patidar by caste. After committing at least 23 more murders, he discovered that his family members were giving information to the British government in India, and killed them all. Babar also cut off the noses of other people who had given information to the British government about him.

Babar evaded capture for several years. But after he robbed the house of a Patidar in Kaniyagaon of Petlad taluka, he was caught by the army of the princely state of Baroda and was imprisoned in Petlad jail.

After escaping from jail in 1919, he committed two major robberies and some murders. In 1920, the same year he killed his sister for informing to the British government, he made fifteen big dacoits by forming a big gang.

## Reform

In 1922, Babar changed himself and befriended a social reformer. She worked to help the poor, and gradually Babar began to do the same. He vowed to rob British officers and treasury instead of killing and robbing regular people. He never harassed women, children, or poor people. He gave money to poor farmers for marriage and for digging wells, after which people considered him a messiah.

In the middle of the year 1923, Babar organized a festival in his village, fed the cows, and gave sweets to the children. He also provided protection to the jagirdars.

Babar Deva also supported Mahatma Gandhi's movement.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Babar Deva
- **honorific prefix**: Dacoit
- **honorific suffix**: Indian freedom activist
- **native name**: બાબર દેવા
- **native name lang**: Gujrati
- **birth name**: Babar Deva
- **birth date**: 1885
- **birth place**: Gorelgaon, Borsad taluqa, Baroda State, British Raj, British India
- **death date**: December, 1923
- **nationality**: British Indian
- **citizenship**: Baroda State
- **other names**: Koli lootero
- **occupation**: Agriculturist, dacoity
- **criminal charge**: 24 murders
Nana Farari

The **Nana Farari** was a Koli revolutionary (later turned as Dacoit) from Bombay State (now Maharashtra) who fought against the British rule in India during Indian independence movement in 1947.

## Early life

Nana Ferrari was born in a Koli family of Maharashtra and even today stories of Nana Ferrari can be heard in Dharampur, Surgana and Peth towns of Maharashtra and Gujarat.

## History

Nana Farari took active part in Indian independence movement but after independence of India in 1947, Nana Farari continued his rebellion. Nana Farari took up arms against hoarding and malsaji Sahukars and Moneylenders, due to which in October 1947, Nana Farrari had cut off the nose and ears of the people from trading communities such as Bania, Parsi and Teli, due to which the Bombay State (present days Maharashtra) government declared Nana Farari as a dacoit despite revolutionary status in public.

After this, For several months, Bombay state Police used to search Nana in Nashik and Trimbak to catch Nana Farari and one day in battle with police force, Nana Ferrari was killed in an encounter in Toragaon village.

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Bandkari
- **name**: Nana Farari
- **native name**: नाना फरारी
- **native name lang**: Hi
- **other names**: _Nana Bandkari_
- **birth name**: Nana Farari
- **birth place**: Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India
- **death date**: 1947
- **death place**: Toragaon, Bombay State, India
- **death cause**: Shot to dead
- **nationality**: Indian
- **occupation**: Agriculturist
- **years active**: 1945 - 1947
- **era**: British Raj, British era
- **movement**: Indian independence movement
- **criminal charges**: Dacoity, Plundering, Blackmailing, Threatening, Murder
- **criminal penalty**: Shot to dead
- **criminal status**: Encounter
Ahmed Sanjar

**Sultan Ahmad Sanjar** was the sultan of the Seljuk Empire in Khursan. He reigned from 1118 to 1157.
Shilkande Kolis

The **Shilkande Koli**, or **Shelkande Koli** and **Shilkunda Koli** is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of the Maharashtra and neighbouring Territories. The Shilkunda Kolis revolted against Peshwa (Prime minister of Maratha Empire) because of their land rights and cutoff the head of Patil of Chovisi.

## Other websites

- The Madras journal of literature and science, Volume 5
Gaikriya Koli

The **Gaikriya Koli**, or **Garikariya Koli** is a subcaste of the Koli caste found in the Indian state of Uttrakhand.

## Origin

The Gaikriya Kolis worship the cow (Gai) like other upper castes so they called as Gaikriya Kolis and enjoy the upper status among society.

## Related pages

- Sucha Koli
Shakyawal Koli

The **Shakyawal Koli**, or **Shakyaval Koli** is a subcaste of the Koli caste found in the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Shakyawal Kolis does not support to commit feticide and Also evils like dowry system, child marriage.

## Organisations

- Shri Shakyawal Koli Samaj Vikas Samiti, Susawan
- Shakyawal Koli Samaj Mahapanchayat, Rajasthan

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Shakyawal Koli
- **native name**: शाक्यवाल कोली
- **native name lang**: Hi
- **languages**: Hindi, English language, English, Braj Bhasa, Punjabi language, Punjabi
- **religions**: Hindus, Hindu
- **related groups**: Shakya
Kengale Koli

The **Kengale Koli**, or **Kangle Koli** (Hindi: केंगले कोली) is a clan (Gotra) of the Koli caste found in the Maharashtra state of India. The Kolis of Kengle clan revolted against British rule and Sahukars, or Moneylenders in Deccan in 1872 to 1876 under their chief.

## Notable

- Honya Kengle, freedom activist from Maharashtra

## Infobox (tribe)

- **local name**: केंगळे कोळी
- **name**: Kengale Koli
- **type**: Clan of the Koli people, Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli people
- **location**: *Maharashtra
*Goa
*Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
- **varna**: Warrior
- **parent tribe**: Mahadev Koli
- **demonym**: Koli people, Koli
- **language**: *Koli language, Koli
*Marathi language, Marathi
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **religion**: Hinduism, Hindu
- **surnames**: *Patil (title), Patil
*Deshmukh
*Bandkari
*Nayak (title), Nayak
Sucha Koli

The **Sucha Koli**, or **Suchcha Koli** and **Soocha Koli** is a subcaste of the Koli caste found in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

## Origin and distribution

The Sucha Kolis drived their name from word _Sachcha_ which means _Pure_, or _Asal_ (original) Koli of Himachal Pradesh.

Sucha Kolis mostly found in Kutlehar, Kullu, Lambargaon and Kangra regions of the state.

## Clans

There are two main clans of Sucha Kolis in the state:,
- Kashyap
- Shandilya

## Infobox (caste)

- **caste name**: Sucha Koli
- **caste name in local**: Suchcha Koli
- **native name**: सुच्चा कोली
- **religions**: Hindu
- **country**: India
- **populated states**: Himachal Pradesh
- **family names**: Shandilya, Kashyap
- **ethnicity**: Koli people, Koli
- **original kingdom**: Kullu
Dabhi

The **Dabhi** (Gujarati: ડાભી, Hindi: डाभी) is a clan (Gotra) of the Koli caste found in the Indian state of Gujarat and Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India. The Kolis of the Dabhi clan ruled over Ghorasar state during British rule in India.

## Related pages

- Gujarati people

## Infobox (tribe)

- **name**: Dabhi Koli
- **local name**: ડાભી કોલી
- **type**: Gotra of Koli people, Koli caste in Gujarat
- **ethnicity**: Koli people
- **location**: *Gujarat
*Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
- **varna**: Warrior
- **parent tribe**: *Chunvalia Koli
*Talpada Kolis
*Ghedia Koli
*Divecha, Divecha Koli
- **demonym**: Koli people, Koli
- **language**: *Koli language, Koli
*Gujarati language, Gujarati
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **religion**: Hinduism, Hindu
- **surnames**: *Patel
*Koli Darbar, Darbar
*Thakor
*Garasia
*Pagi (title), Pagi
*Dharala (title), Dharala
Babria Koli

The **Babria Koli**, or **Bavlia Koli** and **Bavalia Koli** is a clan (Gotra) of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Gujarat and Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.

Babria Kolis mostly found in the Babariawad region of Gujarat. the region of Babariawad of Gujarat got his name because of Babria Kolis. They mostly lived by plundering and Their plundering was called as **Dhang**.

## Infobox (tribe)

- **name**: Babria Koli
- **local name**: બાવળિયા કોલી
- **type**: Gotra of the Koli people, Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli people
- **location**: *Gujarat
*Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
- **varna**: Warrior
- **parent tribe**: *Talpada Kolis, Talpada Koli
*Chunvalia Koli
- **demonym**: Koli people, Koli
- **language**: *Koli language, Koli
*Gujarati language, Gujarati
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **religion**: Hinduism, Hindu
- **surnames**: *Patel
*Thakor
*Koli Darbar, Darbar
*Pagi (title), Pagi
*Kotwal
*Garasia
*Dharala (title), Dharala
Solanki Koli

The **Solanki Koli** (also spelled as **Saulanki Koli**) is a clan (Gotra) of Koli caste mostly found in the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan and Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.

## Jagirs

The Solanki Kolis of Gujarat ruled over petty Princely states in Chunval region (now Becharaji) of Gujarat named as _Bhankoda_, Kukvav, Chaniar and Dekavada Jagirs.

## Notable

- Madhav Singh Solanki, former three terms Chief Minister of Gujarat, former president of Gujarat Pradesh Congress Committee, Minister of External Affairs (India), founder of Kham theory
- **Parshottambhai Solanki**, State minister for Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying in Gujarat government
- **Hirabhai Odhavji Solanki**, Member of the Legislative Assembly in Gujarat Legislative assembly
- **Natvarsinh Solanki**, founder of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha, Jagirdar in British India, Member of the Legislative Assembly in Bombay Legislative Assembly from 1952 to 1957 and 2nd term MLA in Gujarat Legislative Assembly from 1967 to 1972, Member of parliament in 7th Lok Sabha from 1980 to 1984.

## Infobox (tribe)

- **name**: Solanki Koli
- **local name**: સોલંકી કોલી
- **type**: Clan of Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli people
- **location**: *Gujarat
*Rajasthan
*Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
- **varna**: Warrior
- **parent tribe**: *Talpada Kolis
*Chunvalia Koli
*Ghedia Koli
*Palia Koli
*Divecha Koli
- **demonym**: Koli people, Kolis
- **branches**: *Solanki Koli
*Saulanki Koli
- **language**: *Koli language
*Gujarati language, Gujarati
*Rajasthani language, Rajasthani
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **religion**: Hinduism
- **surnames**: *Patel
*Thakor
*Koli Darbar, Darbar
*Kotwal
*Pagi (title), Pagi
*Dharala
Kirave Kolis

The **Kirave Koli**, or **Kirve Koli** is a clan (Gotra) of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra and neighbouring areas. in 1829, The Kolis of Kirwe clan revolted against British rule in Deccan.

## Notable

- Rama Kirve, freedom activist from Maharashtra

## Infobox (tribe)

- **local name**: किर्वे कोळी
- **name**: Kirave Koli
- **type**: Clan of the Koli people, Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli people
- **location**: *Maharashtra
*Goa
*Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
- **varna**: Warrior
- **parent tribe**: Mahadev Koli
- **demonym**: Koli people, Koli
- **language**: *Koli language, Koli
*Marathi language, Marathi
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **religion**: Hinduism, Hindu
- **surnames**: *Patil (title), Patil
*Deshmukh
*Bandkari
*Nayak (title), Nayak
Kokate Kolis

The **Kokate Koli**, or **Kokata Koli** is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra. in 1776, Kokata Kolis revolted against Peshwa government in Maratha Empire.

## History

The Kokote Kolis served in Maratha Empire as Subedar and Faujdar. The Koli subedar burnt down the rebellion of Gavlis against Peshwa.

## Related pages

- Javji Bamble

## Other websites

- Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency: Ahmadnagar
Popere Kolis

The **Popere Koli**, or **Popera Koli** is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

The ruling Koli dynasty of Jawhar State belong to the Popere clan of Mahadev Kolis of Konkan who established the rule over Jawhar in 1346 by Koli chief Jayaba Popere. They are Agriculturist and noted for the militant spirit.

## Infobox (tribe)

- **religion**: Hinduism
- **language**: *Koli language, Koli
*Gujarati language, Gujarati
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **branches**: *Popere Koli
*Popera Koli
- **demonym**: Koli caste, Koli
- **parent tribe**: Kolis of Maharashtra
- **name**: Popere Koli
- **local name**: पोपेरे कोळी
- **type**: Clan (Gotra) of Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli caste
- **location**: *Maharashtra
*Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Satav Koli

The **Satav Koli**, or **Sataw Koli** is a clan of Malhar Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

The Satav clan of Kolis was hereditary priest and responsible for Mahalaxmi temple of Dahanu and considered the Mahalakshmi as their clan deity. Satav Kolis also served as the royal priest to the rulers of Jawhar State.

## See also

- Mukne dynasty

## Infobox (tribe)

- **name**: Satav Koli
- **type**: Clan of Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli caste
- **location**: *Gujarat
*Rajasthan
*Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
- **varna**: Warrior
- **parent tribe**: Malhar Koli
- **demonym**: Koli caste, Kolis
- **language**: *Koli language
*Marathi
*Rajasthani language, Rajasthani
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **religion**: Hinduism
Bokad Kolis

The **Bokad** is a clan (Gotra) of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

They served in the Maratha Empire and in 1769 - 70, Bokad Kolis received the grants of Jagir from Peshwa Madhavrao i. later, they served in British Indian Empire at good positions such as Faujdar.

## Related pages

- Marathi people

## Infobox (tribe)

- **local name**: बोकाड कोळी
- **name**: Bokad Koli
- **type**: Clan of the Koli people, Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli people
- **location**: *Maharashtra
*Goa
*Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
- **varna**: Warrior
- **parent tribe**: Mahadev Koli
- **demonym**: Koli people, Koli
- **language**: *Koli language, Koli
*Marathi language, Marathi
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **religion**: Hinduism, Hindu
- **surnames**: *Patil (title), Patil
*Deshmukh
*Bandkari
*Nayak (title), Nayak
Sonavane Koli

The **Sonavane Koli**, or **Sonawane Koli** (also spelled as **Sonvane Koli** and **Sonwane Koli**) is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

## See also

- Bhangare
Sord dynasty of Idar State

The **Sord dynasty** was a ruling dynasty in Gujarat that ruled over Idar state for many generations.

## Rise of dynasty

This dynasty was ruled by various dynasties at different times starting from the Pratihara Rajputs then Hathi Sor Koli who was a vassal in the Eder state, but Amarsingh Parmar, the ruler of the Eder state, was killed in a battle after which Hathi Sord took over as the ruler of the Eder state. He was succeeded by his son, Samwaliya Sord. Later, the Rathore Rajput prince, Sonangji, defeated the former ruler and assumed control, establishing the Rao dynasty that reigned for numerous generations.

## Fall of dynasty

Maharaja Sanvalia Sord appointed a Nagar Brahmin as the commander of the army of the state of Idar but commander was jealous of the maharaja, due to which the commander asked for help from the Rathores. The Senapati incited the Rathore Rajputs to attack Hathi Sord and made a strategy.

According to the plan, the commander called Hathi Sord for his daughter's wedding party and hid the soldiers in the houses of neighbouring region.  Later, Rathore Rajputs captured the idar from Kolis but later they were drove out by Rao Rajputs.

## Infobox (dynasty)

- **name**: Sord dynasty
- **native name**: સોર્ડ કોલી રાજવંશ
- **native name lang**: Gj
- **other names**: Sora dynasty
- **country**: India
- **region**: Idar State
- **founded**: 1200
- **titles**: Maharaja
- **styles**: His Highness
- **deposition**: 1300
Thorat Koli

The **Thorat Koli** (Marathi: थोरात) is a clan (Gotra) of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra and Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.

The Thorat Kolis ruled over Dadra and Nagar Haveli till 1262. but in 1262, Koli king Nag Thorat was defeated by Ramsing who was a Rajput from Rajasthan. later, Thorat Kolis lived by plundering.

## Related pages

- List of Koli people

## Infobox (tribe)

- **name**: Thorat Koli
- **local name**: थोरात कोळी
- **type**: Gotra of the Koli people, Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli people
- **location**: *Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
*Maharashtra
*Goa
- **varna**: Warrior
- **parent tribe**: Mahadev Kolis
- **demonym**: Koli people, Koli
- **language**: *Koli language, Koli
*Marathi language, Marathi
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **religion**: Hinduism, Hindu
- **surnames**: *Deshmukh
*Patil (title), Patil
*Nayak (title), Nayak
*Bandkari
Bapaiya

The **Bapaiya**, or **Bapaiyya** was a legendary Koli dacoit of Gujarat who killed the Bahucharaji mata at Shankhalpur during her return to Kathiawar.

When Bahuchara and her two sisters were returning from Marwad to Gujarat, they were attacked by Bapaiya plunderer at Shankhalpur. He killed two of the sisters of Bahuchara. To save herself from being raped and abduction, Bahuchara cut off ber breasts, with a sword carried by Charan women, and pronounced the dread Traga on the Bapaiya, cursing him and prophesying that he would become impotent. Bapaiya begged forgiveness, and the dying Charan girl Bahuchara realizing that the Traga having been called forth could not be recalled, advised Bapaiya to install her as a goddess and worship her image. Bahuchara also promised that any eunuch who would stay at her shrine dressed as a woman and worship her would attain salvation.

After death of Bahuchara, Bapaiya, who was feeling guilty, erected a shrine of the goddess Bahuchara under a varakhda tree and passed his life in worship of the Bahuchara, but died on the way to Arnej and Balal.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bapaiya
- **honorific suffix**: Dacoit
- **image**: Bahuchara.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait of Bahuchara Mata who was killed by Bapaiya
- **native name**: બાપૈયયા
- **native name lang**: Gj
- **birth name**: Bappasinhji Baria
- **birth place**: Shankhalpur, Gujarat, India, Asia
- **death place**: Arnej, Kathiawar, Gujarat
- **death cause**: Hunger
- **citizenship**: Indian
- **occupation**: Thuggee
- **era**: Sultanate era
- **known for**: Killing of Bahuchara Mata
- **criminal charges**: *Murder
*Thuggee
*Kidnapping
*Blackmailing
Sikh Kolis

The **Sikh Koli**, or **Koli Sikh** is a religious subset of Koli caste who adopted the Sikh religion in Punjab region of India and Pakistan.

## Infobox (tribe)

- **name**: Sikh Koli
- **local name**: सिख कोली
- **type**: Religious subgroup of Koli caste
- **ethnicity**: Koli people
- **location**: *Punjab
- **varna**: Warrior
- **demonym**: Koli people, Kolis
- **branches**: *Sikh Koli
*Koli Sikh
- **language**: *Koli language
*Punjabi language, Punjabi
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **religion**: Sikhism
- **surnames**: Sardar#As a title, Sardar
Satpute Koli

The **Satpute Koli**, or **Sutpute Koli** is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra.

The Kolis of Satpute clan revolted against British rule in Maharashtra under their Koli chief Sakharam Satpute and captured the British offices and plundered the British controlled Territories in Konkan.

## See also

- List of Koli titles, clans and subcastes
Bhangare Koli

The **Bhangare Koli**, or **Bhangre Koli** is a clan of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Bhangare Kolis were granted the villages from Peshwa and served as Patil and Deshmukh. in 1761 for Maratha Empire, Bhangare Kolis along with Pattikar Kolis captured the Trimbak fort from Nizam of Hyderabad state.

## Notable

- Valoji Bhangare, Infian revolutionary
- Raghoji Bhangare, freedom fighter from Maharashtra
- Bapuji Bhangare, freedom fighter from Maharashtra
- Ramji Bhangare, freedom fighter from Maharashtra, former Jemadar of British Indian Army, former Subedar of Maratha Army and Patil of Devgaon

## Infobox (tribe)

- **name**: Bhangare Koli
- **local name**: भांगरे कोळी
- **type**: Clan (Gotra) of the Koli people, Koli caste
- **image**: File:Statue of Naik Raghoji Rao Bhangre in Akola, Maharashtra.jpg
- **caption**: Statue of Nayak (title), Naik Raghoji Bhangare in Akola, Maharashtra, India.
- **ethnicity**: Koli people
- **location**: Maharashtra
- **varna**: Warrior
- **parent tribe**: Mahadev Kolis
- **demonym**: Koli people, Koli
- **language**: *Koli language, Koli
*Marathi language, Marathi
*Konkani language, Konkani
*Hindi
*English language, English
- **religion**: Hinduism, Hindu
- **surnames**: *Nayak (title), Nayak
*Deshmukh
*Patil
*Bandkari
Grimsby (movie)

***Grimsby*** (released as ***The Brothers Grimsby*** in North America) is a 2016 British American spy action comedy movie directed by Louis Leterrier and starring Sacha Baron Cohen, Mark Strong, Isla Fisher, Rebel Wilson, Penélope Cruz, Gabourey Sidibe, Annabelle Wallis, Ian McShane. It was distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing and was a box office failure.
25th Parliament of Ontario

The **25th Legislative Assembly of Ontario** went from June 9, 1955 until May 4, 1959. It went until just before the 1959 general election. The majority party was the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party. The leader of this party was Leslie Frost.

Alfred Wallace Downer was the speaker for the assembly.

## Timeline

|rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Party|rowspan="2"|1955|colspan="4"|Gain/(loss) due to|rowspan="2"|1959|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|83|(6)|(5)|1|11|84|||
|10|||||10|||
|3|||||3|||
|1|||||1|||
|1||(1)|||–|||
|**Total**|98|(6)|(6)|1|11|98||

|rowspan="2"|Seat|colspan="4"|Before|colspan="3"|Change||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Renfrew South|October 24, 1955|James Shannon Dempsey||Died in office|January 12, 1956|James Maloney|||
|York West|July 2, 1956|Elmer Brandon||Died in office|October 18, 1956|Leslie Rowntree|||
|Middlesex North|January 10, 1957|Thomas Patrick||Died in office|September 5, 1957|William Atcheson Stewart|||
|Glengarry|May 25, 1957|Osie Villeneuve||Resigned to contest the House of Commons seat of Glengarry—Prescott in the 1957 election|September 5, 1957|Fernand Guindon|||
|rowspan="2"|Lanark|August 14, 1957|George Henry Doucett||Resigned to contest the House of Commons seat of Lanark in a byelection, after the death of William Gourlay Blair|October 24, 1957|John Arthur McCue||
|May 26, 1958|John Arthur McCue||Died in office|August 28, 1958|George Gomme||||
|Elgin|November 9, 1957|Fletcher Stewart Thomas||Died in office|January 30, 1958|Ron McNeil|||
|Huron|January 5, 1958|Thomas Pryde||Died in office|May 12, 1958|Charles MacNaughton|||
|Cochrane North|January 22, 1958|Philip Kelly||Resigned, after being told to resign as Minister of Mines|May 12, 1958|René Brunelle|||
|St. George|January 30, 1958|Dana Porter||Appointed as Chief Justice of the Ontario Court of Appeal|May 12, 1958|Allan Lawrence|||
|Renfrew North|March 1, 1958|Stanley Joseph Hunt||Resigned in the 1958 election|May 12, 1958|Maurice Hamilton|||
|Hastings East|July 30, 1958|Roscoe Robson||Became the sheriff Hastings County|August 28, 1958|Lloyd Price|||

## Other websites

- Members in Parliament 25
Devi Movement

The **Devi Movement** was a social reformative movement started by Koli caste in Gujarat and Maharashtra states of India in 1920 to give up alcoholic drinks and meat. Most of the tribal communities were influenced by this movement and stopped working for Parsis because Parsis mostly ate meat and consumed the alcoholic drinks. The Devi movement among the tribes of the adjoining areas of Gujarat and Maharashtra had combined the elements of Bhakti religion and protest against exploitation of moneylenders and liquor dealers.

## Spread

The Devi Movement spread over Thana, Nashik, Bharuch and Baroda districts of Maharashtra and Gujarat states. Conditions for Adivasis improved a little as a result.

In 1921, the Koli peasants of Gujarat were more active in social reform movements during Mahatma Gandhi's non-cooperation movement. The excise revenue of Surat district fell by Rs 350,000. In Jalalpor taluka large numbers of Koli peasants chopped down their toddy trees and picketed liquor and toddy shops. People who continued to drink suffered severe social isolation.

Under the direct guidance of Vallabhbhai Patel, the Baroda State Praja Mandal carried on the Devi Movement. The campaign continued during the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930 - 31.

## Fall of Devi Movement

In Jalalpor taluka a Devi medium was prosecuted for forcing a Parsi toddy-shop owner to pay a fine of Rs 120 to a local nationalist school. He was judged guilty of extortion and sentenced to fifteen days imprisonment and a fine of Rs 300. The Devi Movement was already weak in this area, and by early February 1923, the local police chief reported that the movement had died down as a result of the prosecution.

Eventually, the Devi Movement was crushed when the British government in India punished the movement's leader.

## Infobox (event)

- **title**: Devi Movement
- **native name**: देवी आंदोलन
- **date**: 1920
- **place**: Gujarat - Maharashtra
- **location**: India
- **also known as**: Social Reformative Movement