juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
ISO 3166-2:SK

**ISO 3166-2:SK** is the entry for Slovakia in ISO 3166-2, it is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which makes codes for the names of the subdivisions (like provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
ISO 3166-2:PL

**ISO 3166-2:PL** is the entry for Poland in ISO 3166-2, it is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which makes codes for the names of the  subdivisions (like provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
ISO 3166-2:PF

**ISO 3166-2:PF** is the entry for French Polynesia in ISO 3166-2, it is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which makes codes for the names of the  subdivisions (like provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
ISO 3166-2:TL

**ISO 3166-2:TL** is the entry for Timor-Leste in ISO 3166-2, it is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which makes codes for the names of the subdivisions (like provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
Trachycephalus mambaiensis

***Trachycephalus mambaiensis*** is a species of frog that lives in Brazil.
Sanabares

**Sanabares** (Greek: ϹΑΝΑΒΑΡΟΥ _Sanabarou_; 135-160 CE)  was an Indo-Parthian king. He was the last Indo-Parthian king to rule in Sakastan and south Arachosia.
Engin Baytar

**Engin Baytar** (born 11 July 1983) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a winger.

## Career statistics

.

### Club

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="2"|League|colspan="2"|Cup|colspan="2"|League Cup|colspan="2"|Europe|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="5" valign="center"|Gençlerbirliği|2005–06|4|0|0|0|—|—|4|0||||
|2006–07|26|6|7|3|—|—|33|9||||||
|2007–08|27|2|8|1|—|—|35|3||||||
|2008–09|12|1|0|0|—|—|12|1||||||
|rowspan="2" valign="center"|Eskişehirspor (loan)|2008–09|11|1|0|0|—|—|11|1||||
|rowspan="3" valign="center"|Trabzonspor|2009–10|20|2|9|2|—|1|0|30|4|||
|2010–11|18|1|3|0|—|0|0|21|1|||||
|rowspan="5" valign="center"|Galatasaray|2011–12|33|2|2|1|0|0|—|35|3|||
|2012–13|7|0|2|0|1|0|1|0|11|0||||
|2013–14|7|1|1|1|0|0|1|0|9|2||||
|2014–15|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0||||
|rowspan="2" valign="center"|Çaykur Rizespor (loan)|2013–14|4|2|—|—|—|4|2|||||

## Honours

- Trabzonspor
- Türkiye Kupası (1): 2009–10
- Süper Kupa (1): 2010

- Galatasaray
- Süper Lig (2): 2011–12, 2012–13
- Süper Kupa (1): 2012

- Individual
- 2009–10 Turkish Cup Final – Man of the Match

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Engin Baytar
- **image**: EnginBaytar.jpg
- **image size**: 175px
- **fullname**: Engin Baytar
- **birth place**: Gütersloh, West Germany
- **height**: 1.76 m
- **position**: Midfielder#Winger, Winger
- **youthyears1**: 1996–2000
- **youthyears2**: 2000–2004
- **youthclubs1**: FC Gütersloh
- **youthclubs2**: Arminia Bielefeld II
- **years1**: 2004–2006
- **clubs1**: Maltepespor
- **caps1**: 29
- **goals1**: 2
- **years2**: 2006–2009
- **clubs2**: Gençlerbirliği S.K., Gençlerbirliği
- **caps2**: 66
- **goals2**: 9
- **years3**: 2009
- **clubs3**: → Eskişehirspor (loan)
- **caps3**: 11
- **goals3**: 1
- **years4**: 2009–2011
- **clubs4**: Trabzonspor
- **caps4**: 38
- **goals4**: 3
- **years5**: 2011–2015
- **clubs5**: Galatasaray S.K. (football team), Galatasaray
- **caps5**: 47
- **goals5**: 3
- **years6**: 2014
- **clubs6**: → Çaykur Rizespor (loan)
- **caps6**: 4
- **goals6**: 2
- **years7**: 2015–2016
- **clubs7**: Karşıyaka SK, Karşıyaka
- **caps7**: 9
- **goals7**: 2
- **years8**: 2016–2017
- **clubs8**: Büyükşehir Belediye Erzurumspor, BB Erzurumspor
- **caps8**: 13
- **goals8**: 4
- **years9**: 2017
- **clubs9**: İstanbulspor A.Ş., İstanbulspor
- **caps9**: 7
- **goals9**: 1
- **years10**: 2017
- **clubs10**: Yeni Malatyaspor, Malatyaspor
- **years11**: 2018
- **clubs11**: Karadeniz Ereğli Belediyespor
- **years12**: 2018
- **clubs12**: Yeşilova S.K., Yeşilova
- **years13**: 2018–2019
- **clubs13**: Gaziosmanpaşaspor
- **caps13**: 1
- **goals13**: 0
- **years14**: 2019–2021
- **clubs14**: İstanbul Siirtgücüspor
- **nationalyears1**: 2010–2012
- **nationalteam1**: Turkey national football team, Turkey
- **nationalcaps1**: 3
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **club-update**: 23 April 2024
Brian Behrendt

**Brian Behrendt** (born 24 October 1991) is a German professional footballer  who plays as a centre-back for 2. Bundesliga club Eintracht Braunschweig.

## Career

Behrendt started playing football with local clubs Bremervörder SC and TuS Heeslingen. In 2006, he joined the youth squad of Hamburger SV, but transferred to Rapid Wien at the age of 16 when his father moved to Austria for work. He advanced through the club's youth system and made his debut for the second team in a 3–0 win against SV Mattersburg II in Regional League East on 5 March 2010. He joined First League side SV Horn on loan in January 2013 for the rest of the 2012–13 season.

After returning to Rapid Wien, Behrendt made his first-team debut as an extra-time substitute in an Austrian Cup penalty shootout defeat to LASK Linz on 14 July 2013. He missed most of the 2014–15 season with a broken metatarsal, and he joined Arminia Bielefeld in July 2015.

In December 2020 it was announced Behrendt would move to Eintracht Braunschweig in January 2021, having agreed a contract until summer 2023.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Brian Behrendt
- **image**: Behrendt, Brian BIE 15-16 WP.jpg
- **caption**: Behrendt with Arminia Bielefeld in 2017
- **birth place**: Bremervörde, Germany
- **height**: 1.87 m
- **position**: Centre back, defensive midfielder
- **currentclub**: Hallescher FC
- **clubnumber**: 3
- **youthyears1**: –2004
- **youthclubs1**: Bremervörder SC
- **youthyears2**: 2004–2006
- **youthclubs2**: TuS Heeslingen
- **youthyears3**: 2006–2008
- **youthclubs3**: Hamburger SV
- **youthyears4**: 2008–2010
- **youthclubs4**: SK Rapid Wien, Rapid Wien
- **years1**: 2010–2015
- **clubs1**: SK Rapid Wien, Rapid Wien II
- **caps1**: 68
- **goals1**: 7
- **years2**: 2012–2015
- **clubs2**: SK Rapid Wien, Rapid Wien
- **caps2**: 40
- **goals2**: 1
- **years3**: 2013
- **clubs3**: → SV Horn (loan)
- **caps3**: 17
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2015–2021
- **clubs4**: Arminia Bielefeld
- **caps4**: 112
- **goals4**: 4
- **years5**: 2021–2024
- **clubs5**: Eintracht Braunschweig
- **caps5**: 71
- **goals5**: 1
- **years6**: 2024–
- **clubs6**: Hallescher FC
- **caps6**: 0
- **goals6**: 0
- **club-update**: 17 December 2023
Johann Philipp Kirnberger

**Johann Philipp Kirnberger** (24 April 1721  27 July 1783) was a composer and music theorist.

## Life

Kirnberger was born on 24 April 1721 in Saalfeld. He learned to play the violin and harpsichord at his home. He learned to play the organ with J. P. Kellner. In 1739, he went to Leipzig. He studied music with Johann Sebastian Bach for two years. In 1741 he went to Poland, where he worked as a musician. He returned to Germany in 1751. That year, he became a violinist (somebody who plays the violin) in the Prussian court chapel. In 1758, he became the music director for Princess Anna Amalia of Prussia.

He worked as a composer and music teacher for Princess Anna. During this time, he started writing about music theory. Kirnberger died on 27 July 1783 in Berlin after a period of sickness.

## Writings

Kirnberger was a famous music theorist. He wrote about counterpoint, music theory, tuning, and figured bass. However, he was not a good writer. He had to ask other people to help him write and edit his ideas. His writing is often confusing to read.

He often praised J. S. Bach's in his writing. He thought that Bach's way of writing music is the best way. He tried to explain Bach's way of writing music in his book,  (English: "Art of Pure Writing").

He created three musical temperaments. A musical temperament is how each note in an instrument is tuned. His first temperament is based on Pythagoras' temperament. His third temperament is often used to play baroque music.

He created a way to write music using a pair of dice. This was published in  (English: "The polonaise and minuet composer who is always ready"). A pair of dice is thrown. Then, the numbers on the dice is used to search a bar of melody from a table. This bar is added to the music. There are  minuets from Kirnberger's original table.
March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia

**March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia** (), is the current national anthem of Ethiopia, adopted in 1992.

## Lyrics

|Amharic original (<span style="color:#0A45B4;">Ge'ez script</span>)|Transliteration|IPA transcription|English translation|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem>Respect for citizenship is strong in our Ethiopia; National pride is seen, shining from one side to another. For peace, for justice, for the freedom of peoples, In equality and in love we stand united. Firm of foundation, we do not dismiss humanness; We are people who live through work. Wonderful is the stage of tradition, owners of a proud heritage, Natural grace, mother of a valorous people. We shall protect you – we have a duty; Our Ethiopia, live! And let us be proud of you!</poem>|

### In local languages

|Oromo translation|Tigrinya translation|
| --- | --- |
|<poem>Kabajni lammummaa Itoophiyaa keenya keessatti cimaadha; Boonuun sabaa ni mul’ata, gama tokkoon gara gama biraatti ibsaa. Nagaadhaaf, haqaaf, bilisummaa ummatootaaf, Walqixxummaa fi jaalalaan tokkummaan dhaabbanna. Bu’uura jabaannee, dhala namaa hin tuffannu; Nuti namoota hojiin jiraannudha. Ajaa'iba sadarkaa duudhaa, abbootii qabeenyaa hambaa boonsaa, Ayyaana uumamaa, haadha ummata goota. Isin ni eegna – dirqama qabna; Itoophiyaan keenya jiraadhu!  Akkasumas siin haa boonnu!</poem>|<poem>ምኽባር ዜግነት ኣብ ኢትዮጵያና ሓያል እዩ፤ ሃገራዊ ኩርዓት ካብ ሓደ ወገን ናብ ካልእ ወገን እናበርሀ ይረአ። ምእንቲ ሰላም፡ ምእንቲ ፍትሒ፡ ምእንቲ ናጽነት ህዝብታት፡ ኣብ ማዕርነትን ብፍቕርን ሓድነትና ደው ንብል። ጽኑዕ መሰረት፡ ሰብኣውነት ኣይንነጽጎን ኢና፤ ብስራሕ እንነብር ሰባት ኢና። ግርም እዩ መድረኽ ትውፊት፣ ወነንቲ ዘኹርዕ ቅርሲ፣ ተፈጥሮኣዊ ጸጋ ኣደ ጅግና ህዝቢ። ክንከላኸለኩም ኢና - ግዴታ ኣለና፤ ኢትዮጵያና ንበር!  ብኣኻ ድማ ንሕበን!</poem>|

## Infobox (anthem)

- **title**: ወደፊት ገስግሺ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ
- **transcription**: Wedefīt Gesigishī wid inat ītiyop’iya
- **english title**: March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia
- **prefix**: National
- **author**: Dereje Melaku Mengesha
- **composer**: Solomon Lulu Mitiku
- **adopted**: 1992
Far Cry

***Far Cry*** is a franchise of first-person shooter games published by Ubisoft. The first game to the franchise, named _Far Cry,_ was developed by Crytek to show their CryEngine software, which was released in March 2004. Ubisoft later got the rights to the franchise and began making newer games using a modified version of CryEngine. Far Cry is known for its open world gameplay.

### Origins

The first _Far Cry_ game was made by German studio Crytek using their CryEngine software. Crytek wanted to create a realistic outdoor spaces with their game engine, which was advanced compared with other game engines at the time. _Far Cry_ released in March 2004 for Microsoft Windows and sold 730,000 units in the first four months.

After the release, Crytek stopped working with Ubisoft and signed a deal in July 2004 to make a gaming franchise with another publisher called Electronic Arts, which became the _Crysis_ franchise. In March 2006, Ubisoft got the legal rights to the _Far Cry_ series and a license for the CryEngine version used in the making of _Far Cry_.  Ubisoft Montreal became the main studio for making all future _Far Cry_ games.

### Continued development

_Far Cry 2_ was announced by Ubisoft in July 2007, with two large changes from the previous _Far Cry_ games. First, the game use the Dunia Engine, a modified version of the licensed CryEngine by Ubisoft Montreal. The Dunia Engine creates a completely open-world game with realistic physics and destroyable environments. Secondly, _Far Cry 2_ is more open-ended than _Far Cry,_ that means the player get to create their own stories with the other characters using an advanced artificial intelligence system.

_Far Cry 2_ was released in October 2008 and sold over 2.9 million units by 2009.

### Expansion

After the release of Far Cry 2, Ubisoft Montreal made a newer version of the Dunia Engine to allow some open-world features such as weather system, which was shown in the next game of the series. _Far Cry 3_ was announced in 2011 and released in November 2012, it still received positive reviews and had sold more than 10 million units by 2014.

## Infobox (video game series)

- **title**: Far Cry
- **image**: Far Cry logo.svg
- **genre**: First-person shooter
- **developer**: Crytek <small>(2004)</small>
Ubisoft Montreal <small>(2005–)</small>
Ubisoft Toronto <small>(2018–)</small>
- **publisher**: Ubisoft
- **platforms**: Microsoft Windows, Xbox (console), Xbox, Xbox 360, Wii, Arcade game, Arcade, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Google Stadia, Amazon Luna, Xbox Series X and Series S, Xbox Series X/S, PlayStation 5
- **first release version**: _Far Cry (video game), Far Cry_
- **first release date**: March 23, 2004
- **latest release version**: _Far Cry 6_
- **latest release date**: October 7, 2021
Crytek

**Crytek GmbH** is a German video game developer and software developer based in Frankfurt. It was founded by the Yerli brothers in Coburg in 1999 and moved to Frankfurt in 2006, Crytek also have studios in Kyiv and Istanbul.

## Subsidiaries

- Crytek Kiev in Kyiv, Ukraine — founded in 2006.
- Crytek Istanbul in Istanbul, Turkey — founded in 2012.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Crytek GmbH
- **logo**: Crytek logo.svg
- **type**: Privately held company, Private
- **industry**: Video game industry, Video games
- **founded**: in Coburg, Germany
- **hq location city**: Frankfurt
- **hq location country**: Germany
- **owner**: Yerli family
- **num employees**: 250
- **num employees year**: 2021
- **subsid**: #Subsidiaries, List of Crytek subsidiaries
Federal Statistical Office of Germany

The **Federal Statistical Office** (, shortened _Destatis_) is a federal authority of Germany. It reports to the Federal Ministry of the Interior. The office is responsible for keeping track of statistical information about the economy, society and environment. They provide qualitative information for the public.
About 2300 staff members are employed in the departments in Wiesbaden, Bonn and Berlin.
Rodrigo Chaves Robles

**Rodrigo Alberto de Jesús Chaves Robles** (born 10 June 1961) is a Costa Rican politician. He is the 49th President of Costa Rica since 2022. Chaves was Minister of Finance during the presidency of Carlos Alvarado Quesada from 2019 until 2020. He was elected president in 2022, beating former president José María Figueres.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Rodrigo Chaves, discurso posesión (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: San José, Costa Rica
- **office**: 49th List of presidents of Costa Rica, President of Costa Rica
- **term start**: 8 May 2022
- **predecessor**: Carlos Alvarado Quesada
- **successor**: Laura Fernández Delgado (elect)
- **office1**: Ministry of Finance (Costa Rica), Minister of Finance
- **president1**: Carlos Alvarado Quesada
- **term start1**: 30 October 2019
- **term end1**: 28 May 2020
- **predecessor1**: Rocío Aguilar Montoya
- **successor1**: Elián Villegas Valverde
- **party**: Social Democratic Progress Party (2020-)
- **education**: Ohio State University (PhD)
- **vicepresident**: Stephan Brunner
Mary Munive
José María Figueres

**José María Figueres Olsen** (born 24 December 1954) is a Costa Rican businessman and politician. He was President of Costa Rica from 1994 to 1998. He also ran for president in the 2022 but lost to Rodrigo Chaves Robles.

José María Figueres is the son of José Figueres Ferrer, who was a three-time President of Costa Rica. His mother, Karen Olsen Beck, an American social worker born to Danish immigrant parents, later adopted Costa Rican nationality.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: José María Figueres
- **image**: José María Figueres Olsen (2012) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Figueres in 2012
- **order**: 42nd President of Costa Rica
- **term start**: 8 May 1994
- **term end**: 8 May 1998
- **vicepresident**: Rodrigo Oreamuno Blanco
Rebeca Grynspan
- **predecessor**: Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier
- **successor**: Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
- **order2**: Director of the World Economic Forum
- **term start2**: 2000
- **term end2**: 2004
- **order3**: Minister of Agriculture
- **term start3**: 1989
- **term end3**: 1990
- **president3**: Óscar Arias Sánchez
- **predecessor3**: Antonio Álvarez Desanti
- **successor3**: Juan Rafael Lizano Sáenz
- **order4**: Minister of Foreign Trade
- **term start4**: 1986
- **term end4**: 1988
- **president4**: Óscar Arias Sánchez
- **predecessor4**: None
- **successor4**: Luis Diego Escalante Vargas
- **birth place**: San José, Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- **party**: National Liberation Party (Costa Rica), PLN
- **spouse**: Cinthya Geovanna Berrocal Quirós
- **profession**: Businessman and politician
- **signature**: Firma Jose Maria Figueres Olsen.jpg
- **alma mater**: United States Military Academy
Harvard University
- **nationality**: Costa Rican
Area code 704

**Area code 704** is an area code for North Carolina. It was one of the first area codes created in 1947. It initially covered the entire state but after it was split by 919 in 1954 and 828 in 1998. It now covers the Charlotte area. It consists of towns such as Concord, Indian Trail, Charlotte, Cornelius, Cherryville, Huntersville, and Albemarle. It was overlaid by 980 in 2000.
Radiodonta

**Radiodonta** is an extinct order of ancient arthropods that was successful during the Cambrian period. They can be called radiodonts and radiodontans along with other names.

Radiodonts are identified by distinct appendages on their faces, which are diverse and can do a lot of things. They were some of the earliest top predators, such as _Anomalocaris_, but some others, such as _Aegirocassis_ were filter feeders, eating by filtering food out of the water around them.
Area code 803

**Area code 803** is an area code for South Carolina. It was one of the earliest area codes created in 1947. It initially covered the entire state, but after it was split by 864 in 1995 and 843 in 1998, it now covers the middle of the state, including its capital city Columbia. It was overlaid by 839 on May 26, 2020.
The Escapists 2

***The Escapists 2*** is a 2017 simulation strategy role playing video game. It is about escaping prisons. The game is a sequel to _The Escapists_ (2015).

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: The Escapists 2
- **developer**: Mouldy Toof Studios
Team17
- **publisher**: Team17
- **designer**: James Witcomb
- **engine**: Unity (game engine), Unity
- **released**: Windows, MacOS, Linux, PlayStation 4, Xbox One
August 21, 2017
Nintendo Switch
January 11, 2018
iOS, Android
January 31, 2019
- **platforms**: Microsoft Windows
macOS
Linux
PlayStation 4
Xbox One
Nintendo Switch
iOS
Android (operating system), Android
- **genre**: Strategy video game, Strategy, Role-playing video game, role-playing,  Simulation video game, simulation
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, multiplayer
Viola Desmond

**Viola Irene Desmond** (July 6, 1914 – February 7, 1965) was a civil rights activist in Canada.

In 1946 she went into a segregated part of a movie theatre and would not leave. Then she was charged with tax evasion because the seats cost one cent less there. This event turned into a very well-known example of discrimination. Desmond was born in 1914 and died in 1965. She was pardoned from the tax evasion charge in 2010.
Area code 705

**Area code 705** is an area code for Ontario. It was created in 1957 as a split from area codes 613 and 519. It was overlaid by 249 in 2011. That same area was overlaid by 683 on June 18, 2022.
Khodadad Rezakhani

**Khodadad Rezakhani** (Persian: خداداد رضاخانی,  born 1976) is an Iranian historian. He was an associate research scholar for the Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies at Princeton University from 2016 to 2020. Rezakhani  is also the founder of the website Iranologie.com. It  a website that talks about the history of Iran since 1997.

### Books

- _ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity_ (Edinburgh University Press, 2017);
- _The Anonymous Syriac Chronicle Known as the Chronicle of Khuzistan (Rūydādnāme-ye Khūzestān)_ (Hekmat-e Sina, 2016).
- (with Touraj Daryaee)_From Oxus to Euphrates: The World of Late Antique Iran_ (H&S Media, 2016)
- (editor)_Excavating an Empire: Achaemenid Persia in Longue Durée_ (with Touraj Daryaee and Ali Mousavi, Mazda Publishers, 2014)
- _Iranians on the Silk Road: Merchants, Kingdoms, and Religions_ (with Matteo Compareti, 2010)

#### Popular Media

- Arab Conquests and Sasanian Iran (History Today)
- Reza Shah's Mummy, back from the dead, haunts Iranian politics (Ajam Media)

#### Academic Journals

- the Road that Never Was: the Silk Road and Trans-Eurasian Exchange
- The Rebellion of Babak and the Historiography of Southern Caucasus.
- West Asia, 600-900
- From Miirosan to Khurasan: Huns, Alkhans, and the Creation of East Iran
- Markets for Land, Labour and Capital in Late Antique Iraq, AD 200-700 (with Michael Morony)
- Mazdakism, Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism: In search of orthodoxy and heterodoxy in late antique Iran
- Continuity and Change in Late Antique Irān: An Economic View of the Sasanians

## Other websites

- Iranologie.com
- Khodadad Rezakhani's Academia Page

## Infobox (scientist)

- **known for**: History of Central Asia
- **education**: *PhD in Late Antique History of the Sasanian Empire, Sassanid Empire from UCLA
*MSc Global History from the London School of Economics (London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE)
*Indo-European Studies and Iranian Languages at UC Berkeley, UCLA and SOAS
- **name**: Khodadad Rezakhani
- **birth date**: 1976
- **birth place**: Tehran, Iran
Far Cry (video game)

***Far Cry*** is a 2004 first-person shooter game made by Crytek and published by Ubisoft. It is the first game in the _Far Cry_ franchise.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Far Cry
- **writer**: Alexis Nolent
- **genre**: First-person shooter
- **released**: **Microsoft Windows****PlayStation 3**, **Xbox 360**
- **engine**: CryEngine#CryEngine 1, CryEngine 1
Dunia Engine, Dunia Engine 2
- **series**: _Far Cry_
- **composer**: Thomas Baertschi
- **director**: Cevat Yerli
- **publisher**: Ubisoft
- **developer**: Crytek
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
- **image**: File:FarCry Logo.svg
Asturleonese language

**Asturleonese** () is a Romance language spoken mainly in the autonomous communities of Asturias, northwestern León and Cantabria, and also in some parts of Portugal. Asturleonese is a dialect continuum, speakers of _Leonese_, _Cantabrian and_ _Asturian_ _(Mirandese_ in Portugal) are mutually intelligible, meaning they can understand each other. Asturleonese has been classified by UNESCO as an endangered language, because it is being replaced by the Spanish language.

## Infobox (language family)

- **name**: Asturleonese
- **child4**: Extremaduran language, Extremaduran
- **glottoname2**: Extremaduran
- **glotto2**: extr1243
- **glottoname**: Asturo-Leonese
- **glotto**: astu1244
- **iso3**: ast
- **iso2**: ast
- **child5**: Cantabrian dialect, Cantabrian
- **child3**: Mirandese language, Mirandese
- **altname**: Asturllionés
- **child2**: Leonese dialect, Leonese
- **child1**: Asturian language, Asturian
- **fam6**: West Iberian languages, West Iberian
- **fam5**: Ibero-Romance languages, Ibero-Romance
- **fam4**: Western Romance languages, Western
- **fam3**: Romance languages, Romance
- **fam2**: Italic languages, Italic
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **region**: Spain (Asturias, northwestern Castile and León)
Northeastern Portugal (Terra de Miranda)
Some authors include Cantabria and parts of Extremadura
Beast (2022 Indian movie)

***Beast*** is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language action comedy movie written and directed by Nelson and produced by Sun Pictures. The movie stars Vijay and Pooja Hegde in lead roles. Selvaraghavan, Yogi Babu, and Redin Kingsley play supporting roles. It revolves around an ex-RAW agent's crusade to rescue people held hostage in a shopping mall by terrorists.

## Production

The production rights of Vijay's 65th movie as lead actor were acquired by Sun Pictures in early January 2020. It was titled _Thalapathy 65_. The movie was set to be written and directed by AR Murugadoss. However, the producers ousted Murugadoss from the movie in October 2020, after he refused to cut his renumeration. Nelson was later hired and he wrote a new script for the movie.

## Schedule

With an official announcement during December 2020, the movie began principal photography in April 2021. It wrapped in December. The movie was shot across various locations in Chennai, including a specially designed set resembling that of a shopping mall where most of the movie was shot. Sporadic schedules took place in Delhi and Georgia. The music was composed by Anirudh Ravichander, cinematography was handled by Manoj Paramahamsa, editing by R. Nirmal and production design supervised by D. R. K. Kiran.

The movie was released in theaters on 13 April 2022. It received mixed reviews from critics and the audience.

## Cast

- Vijay as Veera Raghavan
- Pooja Hegde as Preethi
- Selvaraghavan as Althaf Hussain
- Shine Tom Chacko as a terrorist who sides with Veera
- Yogi Babu as Jill
- Redin Kingsley as Jack
- VTV Ganesh as Dominic Irudhayaraj
- Shaji Chen as the Home Minister
- Aparna Das as Aparna
- Sathish Krishnan as Ramachandran
- Lilliput as Umar Farooq
- Ankur Ajit Vikal as Umar Saif
- Prudhvi Raj as Veera's psychiatrist
- Sunil Reddy as Mahaali
- Shiva Arvind as Killi
- Sujatha Babu as Aparna's mother
- Subbalakshmi as a hostage
- Gayathri Shan as a hostage
- Smruthi as a hostage
- Janani Durga as a hostage
- Madhuri Watts as a hostage
- Hasini Pavithra as a hostage
- Bjorn Surrao in a cameo appearance as a drummer in the song "Jolly O Gymkhana"

Additionally, director Nelson, music composer Anirudh and choreographer Jani appear in cameo appearances as themselves in the song "Jolly O Gymkhana".

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Beast
- **director**: Nelson (director), Nelson
- **writer**: Nelson
- **producer**: Kalanithi Maran
- **cinematography**: Manoj Paramahamsa
- **editing**: R. Nirmal
- **music**: Anirudh (composer), Anirudh
- **studio**: Sun Pictures
- **distributor**: Red Giant Movies
- **country**: India
- **language**: Tamil
- **runtime**: 156 minutes
- **budget**: crore
- **gross**: crore
Knorr (brand)

**Knorr** (, ), is a German brand of soups and drinks, belonging to the Anglo-Dutch conglomerate since the 2000s Unilever, it was founded in 1838 by Carl Heinrich Theodor Knorr. Knorr headquarters are in Heilbronn, Germany. Previously products sold under the Lipton brand.

By 2000, the Knorr is available in ninety countries

The brand is engaged in the sale of dehydrated soups, soup mixes, condiments and bouillon cubes.

## Infobox (brand)

- **name**: Knorr
- **logo**:
- **logo caption**: Current logo used since 2019
- **type**: Food, beverage
- **origin**: Germany
- **introduced**: in Heilbronn, Germany
- **related**: Continental (brand), Continental (Australia)
**Royco** (Indonesia)
- **markets**: Worldwide
- **previousowners**: Carl Heinrich Theodor Knorr
- **currentowner**: Unilever
- **ambassadors**: Carl Heinrich Knorr
Great Plains wolf

The **Great Plains wolf** (_Canis lupus nubilus_) is an extinct subspecies of grey wolf. It is also called the **buffalo wolf** or **loafer**. It once lived in the Great Plains. The subspecies was declared extinct in 1926.

## Taxonomy

Thomas Say documented the Great Plains wolf in 1823. He was the first person to record "prairie wolves" (coyotes) and Great Plains wolves as different animals. He named it _Canis nubilus_. Say wrote that the Great Plains wolf was more fierce and powerful than the red wolf or coyote.

## Description

The Great Plains wolf once lived in the Great Plains, from southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan to northern Texas.

The Great Plains wolf was described as a large wolf with light-colored fur. However, some of them had fur that was all white or all black. The body length is 1.7 m (5.6 ft). The average weight of a male was 100lb (45 kg). The heaviest one recorded was 150 lb (58kg). The Native Americans of North Dakota told stories about how only three of these wolves could bring down a bison.

There used to be many of these wolves living in the Great Plains. When the American bison was being killed, Great Plains wolves were also being poisoned and trapped for their pelts. Alexander Henry wrote that they were bold around humans, and fed on the dead bodies of bison. He recorded that Native Americans dug up wolf pups from their dens in the prairie. They also dug large pitfalls to capture wolves and foxes. Members of Henry's group dug up wolf pups and found them very tame and easy to train. In 1833, the explorer Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied recorded that these wolves were common in the upper part of Missouri. There, Native Americans had wolf pits and traded wolves to him for tobacco. He thought that the Native American's dogs were more dangerous to humans than the wolves.

In 1856, Lt. G. K. Warren studied Great Plains wolf skulls and found that some of them were not full-blooded wolves. There have been many stories about violent hybrid wolf-dogs. It is possible that the Great Plains wolf's tameness and lack of fear of humans might be because they were mixed with domestic dogs. In North Dakota, by 1875 sightings of the wolf became rare, and by 1877 they were almost all gone. In North Dakota, two were sighted in 1915 by Remington Kellogg. The last known wolf was shot in 1922. The Great Plains wolf was officially declared extinct in 1926.
Max Grodénchik

**Michael "Max" Grodénchik** (born November 12, 1952) is an American stage, movie and television actor, best known for his role as Rom, a recurring character on the television series _Star Trek: Deep Space Nine_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Max Grodénchik
- **image**: Max Grodénchik 2009.jpg
- **caption**: Grodénchik in 2009
- **birth name**: Michael Grodénchik
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1975-present
- **relatives**: Barry Grodenchik (brother)
Boyd Hilton

**Andrew John Boyd Hilton** FBA (born 19 January 1944) is a British historian. He is a professor and fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He specialises in modern British history.

## Infobox (scholar)

- **name**: Boyd Hilton
- **birth name**: Andrew John Boyd Hilton
- **birth place**: United Kingdom
- **main interests**: British history from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century
- **major works**: _A Mad, Bad, and Dangerous People? England 1783–1846_
Karol Divín

**Karol** "**Karcsi**" **Emil Divín** (born **Karol Finster**; 22 February 1936 – 6 April 2022) was a Hungarian-born Slovak-Czech figure skater who represented Czechoslovakia. He was the 1960 Olympic silver medalist. He also was a two-time European champion (1958–59), and a two-time World medalist. He was born in Budapest, Hungary.

Divín died on 6 April 2022 in Brno, Czech Republic at the age of 86.
Rae Allen

**Raffaella Julia Theresa Abruzzo** (July 23, 1926 – April 6, 2022), professionally known as **Rae Allen**, was an American actress. She was born in New York City. Her career began in 1948. She won a Tony Award in 1971 for her stage performance in _And Miss Reardon Drinks a Little_.

Allen died at the age of 95 on April 6, 2022.
Eric Boehlert

**Eric Boehlert** (December 6, 1965 – April 4, 2022) was an American media critic and writer. He founded Press Run. He was a staff writer for _Salon_ for five years. He also was a contributing editor to _Rolling Stone_ and as a staff writer at _Billboard_.

Boehlert was killed on April 4, 2022, after being hit by a train in Montclair, New Jersey, while cycling at aged 57.
Jerry Uelsmann

**Jerry N. Uelsmann** (June 11, 1934 – April 4, 2022) was an American photographer. He was known for his photomontage work. His works helped create the Adobe Photoshop to make surrealistic images. He won the Lucie Award in Fine Art in 2015.

Uelsmann died on April 4, 2022 in Gainesville, Florida at the age of 87.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Jerry Uelsmann
- **image**: Jerryuelsmann1.jpg
- **caption**: Uelsmann in 2011
- **birth date**: June 11, 1934
- **birth place**: Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
- **death place**: Gainesville, Florida, U.S.
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **field**: Photography
- **alma mater**: Indiana University
Rochester Institute of Technology
University of Florida
Boris Brott

**Boris Brott**,  (March 14, 1944 – April 5, 2022) was a Canadian conductor and motivational speaker. He was one of the most well known Canadian conductors. He performed at Carnegie Hall and Covent Garden. Brott was the founder and artistic director of the National Academy Orchestra of Canada.

Brott was killed after being hit by a car while riding his bike in Hamilton, Ontario on April 5, 2022 at the age of 78.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Boris Brott
- **caption**: Brott conducting a Hungarian orchestra in 2007
- **birth place**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **death place**: Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- **spouse**: Ardyth Webster
- **children**: 3
- **occupation**: Conducting, conductor, composer, violinist
Joaquim Carvalho

**Joaquim da Silva Carvalho** (18 April 1937 – 5 April 2022) was a Portuguese footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He made six appearances for the Portugal national football team from 1965 until 1966.

Carvalho died on 5 April 2022, thirteen days before his 85th birthday.

## Honours

**Sporting CP**
- Primeira Liga: 1961–62, 1965–66, 1969–70
- Taça de Portugal: 1962–63
- UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1963–64

**Portugal**
- FIFA World Cup third place: 1966

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Joaquim Carvalho
- **fullname**: Joaquim da Silva Carvalho
- **birth place**: Barreiro, Portugal, Barreiro, Portugal
- **death place**: Portugal
- **height**: 1.80 m
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **years1**: 1955–1958
- **clubs1**: Luso Barreiro
- **years2**: 1958–1970
- **clubs2**: Sporting CP
- **caps2**: 152
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 1970–1972
- **clubs3**: Atlético Clube de Portugal, Atlético
- **caps3**: 16
- **goals3**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 168
- **totalgoals**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1965–1966
- **nationalteam1**: Portugal national football team, Portugal
- **nationalcaps1**: 6
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Graciela Giannettasio

**Graciela María Giannettasio de Saiegh** (20 October 1950 – 5 April 2022) was an Argentine politician. She was a member of the Justicialist Party. She was the Minister of Education during the interim presidency of Eduardo Duhalde from 2002 to 2003. She also was Vice Governor of Buenos Aires Province under Felipe Solá from 2003 to 2007.

From 2007 until 2015, Giannettasio was a National Deputy. She was born in Remedios de Escalada, Argentina.

Giannettasio died on 5 April 2022 in Buenos Aires, Argentina at the age of 71.
Bjarni Tryggvason

**Bjarni Valdimar Tryggvason** (September 21, 1945 – April 5, 2022) was an Icelandic-born Canadian engineer and a NRC/CSA astronaut. He was a Payload Specialist on Space Shuttle mission STS-85 in 1997. It was a 12-day mission to study changes in the Earth's atmosphere. Tryggvason was born in Reykjavík, Iceland. He grew up in Vancouver, British Columbia.

Tryggvason died on April 5, 2022 at the age of 76.
Raymond Lopez

**Raymond Anthony Lopez** (born May 26, 1978) is an American politician. He is a member of the Chicago City Council since 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He is seen as a critic of Mayor Lori Lightfoot.

In April 2022, Lopez announced he would run for mayor in the 2023 election. No Chicago City Council member has ever been elected mayor, although two have been appointed to the office to fill vacancies. In November 2022, he dropped out of the race to focus on his re-election campaign for the city council.

Lopez is openly gay.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Raymond Lopez
- **image**: Raymond Lopez.jpg
- **office**: Member of the Chicago City Council
from the 15th ward
- **term start**: May 18, 2015
- **predecessor**: Toni Foulkes
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Illinois, Chicago
Han Myeong-sook

**Han Myeong-sook** (born March 24, 1944;  ) is a South Korean politician. She was the Prime Minister of South Korea from April 2006 to March 2007. She is South Korea's first female prime minister. She was from the United New Democratic Party (UNDP) as a member of the Korean National Assembly (representative) for Ilsan-gab.

She resigned as Prime Minister on March 7, 2007 and ran for President of South Korea in 2007.

## Infobox (korean name)

- **title**: Korean name
- **rr**: Han Myeong-suk
- **mr**: Han Myŏngsuk
- **child**: yes


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, Her Excellency
- **name**: Han Myeong-sook
- **image**: Prime Minister Han Myeong-sook taking a commemorative photo with the Speaker of the National Assembly.jpg
- **term start**: 16 January 2012
- **term end**: 12 April 2012
- **predecessor**: Won Hye-young
Lee Yong-sun

- **successor**: Moon Sung-keun
- **office1**: 33rd Prime Minister of South Korea
- **president1**: Roh Moo-hyun
- **term start1**: 19 April 2006
- **term end1**: 7 March 2007
- **predecessor1**: Han Duck-soo
- **successor1**: Kwon O-kyu
Han Duck-soo
- **office2**: Ministry of Environment (South Korea), Minister for Environment
- **primeminister2**: Goh Kun
- **term start2**: 27 February 2003
- **term end2**: 16 February 2004
- **predecessor2**: Kim Myung-ja (politician), Kim Myung-ja
- **successor2**: Kwak Kyul-ho
- **office3**: Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, Minister for Gender Equality
- **primeminister3**: Lee Han-dong
Chang Sang
Jeon Yun-churl
Chang Dae-hwan
Kim Suk-soo
- **term start3**: 29 January 2001
- **term end3**: 26 February 2003
- **predecessor3**: Position established
- **successor3**: Ji Eun-hee (politician), Ji Eun-hee
- **birth place**: Pyongyang, Heijo, Korea under Japanese rule, Japanese Korea

- **party**: National Congress for New Politics
Democratic Party (South Korea, 2000), Millennium Democratic Party
Uri Party
United New Democratic Party
Democratic Party (South Korea, 2008), Democratic Party
Democratic Party (South Korea, 2011), Democratic United Party
Democratic Party of Korea, Minjoo Party
- **spouse**: Park Seong-jun
- **alma mater**: Ewha Womans University
- **signature**: Han Myong-suk signature.png
- **footnotes**: Korean royal family
(Cheongju Han clan)
Rockleigh, New Jersey

**Rockleigh** (pronounced ROCK-lee) is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the borough's population was 407. It is near Alpine.
Alpine, New Jersey

**Alpine** is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It is  north of Manhattan.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Alpine, New Jersey
- **settlement type**: Borough (New Jersey), Borough
- **image skyline**: US AlpineNJ.jpg
- **imagesize**: 225px
- **image caption**: Alpine Borough Hall, Post Office and police station
- **image map**: Bergen_County_New_Jersey_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Alpine_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Alpine in Bergen County, New Jersey, Bergen County highlighted in red (left). Inset map: Location of Bergen County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (right).
- **image map1**: Census_Bureau_map_of_Alpine,_New_Jersey.png
- **mapsize1**: 250x200px
- **map caption1**: Census Bureau map of Alpine, New Jersey
- **pushpin map**: USA New Jersey Bergen County#USA New Jersey#USA
- **pushpin label**: Alpine
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Bergen County, New Jersey, Bergen County##Location in New Jersey##Location in the United States
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New Jersey, County
- **subdivision name2**: Bergen County, New Jersey, Bergen
- **government type**: Borough (New Jersey), Borough
- **governing body**: Borough Council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Municipal clerk
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: April 8, 1903
- **named for**: The Alps
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 24.01
- **area land km2**: 16.58
- **area water km2**: 7.43
- **area total sq mi**: 9.27
- **area land sq mi**: 6.40
- **area water sq mi**: 2.87
- **area water percent**: 30.61
- **area rank**: 218th of 565 in state
4th of 70 in county
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 1762
- **population rank**: 497th of 565 in state
68th of 70 in county
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: 275.3
- **population density rank**: 483rd of 565 in state
69th of 70 in county
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −05:00
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, Eastern (EDT)
- **utc offset dst**: −04:00
- **elevation ft**: 518
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 07620
- **area codes**: Area codes 201 and 551, 201 Telephone exchange, exchanges: 750, 767, 768, 784.
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0885139
Panthaplavu

Panthaplavu is one of the Theri (section), in Pattazhy village (which is said to have 9000 acre Land).

By one side of Panthaplavu is  the highest place in Pattazhy, called "Mathiramala"; where the Russian monk escaped from the revolution and lived in an Ashram. ( who prayed and healed many sick during his life here). Part of Panthaplavu is Irruppakkuzhy and other side having the paddy fields and the Kallada River.
Gonzalo García Vivanco

**Gonzalo García Vivanco** (December 25, 1981, Guadalajara, Jalisco), is a Mexican Actor and Model, known for participating in the series _Soy tu fan_, and being the antagonist in _Relaciones Peligrosas_.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Character|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2003|_Un nuevo amor_|Pablo de la Vega Montoya|Recurring role|
|2004|_Soñarás_|Pablo||
|2004|_Las cinco caras del amor_|Juan Ignacio||
|2009|_Verano de amor_|Mauro Villalba Duarte|Main role|
|2010-11|_Ojo por ojo_|Arcangel Barragan|Main cast|
|2010-12|_Soy tu fan_|Diego García||
|2012|_Relaciones peligrosas_|Juan Pablo Reyes "JP" / Daniel Arámbula / Gael Sánchez|Main cast|
|2013|_La Patrona_|Luis "Lucho" Vampa|Main cast|
|2014|_Los miserables_|Pedro Morales|Guest star|
|2014-15|_Tierra de reyes_|Flavio Gallardo|Main role|
|2017-18|_Las Malcriadas_|Diego Mendoza|Main role|
|2019-20|_El Dragón: Return of a Warrior_|Roberto Garza|Guest star|
|2019|_Cuna de Lobos_|Jose Carlos Larios|Main role|
|2021|_La desalmada_|Rigoberto Murillo Campos|Main cast|
|2022|_Corazón guerrero_|Jesús Guerrero|Main role|

|Year|Title|Character|Notes||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="2"|2011|_Eres un mamón_||Music video by Amandititita|
|_¡Corre!_|Eduardo|Music video by Jesse & Joy|||

## Theater

|Year|Work|Company|Character|Director|Theatre||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="2"|2008|_La Lámpara Verde_|Teatro Barlovento||Juan Campesino|Teatro Julio Prieto|
|_Trainspotting_|Compañía Gabriel Retes||Gabriel Retes|Teatro Julio Prieto|||

## Awards

|Year|Award|Category|Nominated work|Result|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2009|Premios People en Español|Best Actor / Actor Youth|rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|_Verano de Amor_|||
|2010|Premios TVyNovelas|Best Young Actor|||||
|rowspan="2"|2012|Premios Tu Mundo|The Bad More Good|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|_Relaciones Peligrosas_||
|Premios People en Español|Best Villain||||||
|rowspan="2"|2013|Miami Life Awards|Best Villain Actor Telenovela||||
|Premios Tu Mundo|Best Supporting Actor|style="text-align:center;"|_La Patrona_||||

## Infobox (model)

- **birthname**: Gonzalo García Vivanco
- **birth place**: Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- **years active**: 2002 - present
- **occupation**: Actor, model
- **hair color**: Black
Mercedes-Benz Travego

The **Mercedes-Benz Travego** is a coach made by Mercedes-Benz, It has been made from 1999 to the present day.

## First generation - 1999-2006

The first generation Travego was made from 1999 to 2006.

## Second generation - 2006-2017

The second generation Travego was made from 2006 to 2017.

## Third generation - 2017-present

The third generation Travego was made from 2017 to the present day.

## Infobox (uk bus)

- **name**: Mercedes-Benz Travego
- **image**: File:Mercedes Travego, Vagebund.JPG
- **caption**: Travego M 2nd generation facelift
- **manufacturer**: Mercedes-Benz buses, Mercedes-Benz
- **production**: 1999-present
- **assembly**: Germany: Neu-Ulm
Germany: Mannheim
Turkey: Istanbul
- **predecessor**: Mercedes-Benz O404
- **successor**: Mercedes-Benz Tourismo
- **width**: 2,550 mm
- **height**: 3,710 mm
- **floortype**: High floor
- **doors**: 2
- **weight**: 19,500 - 24,000 kg
- **engine**: OM 470 or OM 471 12.8 liter 6-cylinder in-line diesel engine (Euro VI)
- **powerout**: or
- **transmission**: Mercedes-Benz GO 210, 6-speed manual, power-assisted
Mercedes-Benz GO 250 MPS 3, automated 8-speed manual
Space habitat

A **space habitat**, **space settlement** or **spacestead** is a theoretical space station that rotates to simulate gravity and is set up to be like an environment on Earth, with landscaping and one or more settlements where people live. Space habitats would be very big, from 500 meters in diameter to several kilometers in size.

_Space habitat_ can also mean a base or enclosed settlement on or beneath the surface of a planet or large natural satellite or floating in its atmosphere.

## Proposed designs

Proposed designs include but are not limited to the following.

### O'Neill cylinders

O'Neill cylinders are cylinder-shaped spacesteads with livable space all over the inside surface (except for the ends). Two joined cylinders form the space settlement.

### Stanford toruses

Stanford toruses are donut-shaped habitats in which the land, settlement, and water are on the outer part of the interior surface. This leaves the other half to be the habitat's sky. These would also have spokes and a central hub in the middle.

### Bernal Spheres

Bernal Spheres are spherical habitats from 500 meters to more than one kilometer in diameter. Part of the inner surface is habitable land.

### Bishop rings

These are essentially smaller Stanford toruses without central spokes.

### Birch Worlds

These are spherical habitats one or two light-years in diameter built around a galaxy's supermassive black hole.
Post-scarcity economy

**Post-scarcity** society is a society where all needs are met with little need to work. It doesn't necessarily mean that anything is available for free, but that everybody has enough to live well. Discussions of abundance denial often arise in critiques of current economic structures that resist transition toward post-scarcity models.

Post-scarcity does not seem to be possible within capitalism, as jobs become scarce once all needs are met.
Cybernetic immortality

**Cybernetic immortality** is a form of immortality that would come about by people replacing their biological body parts with almost indestructible artificial equivalents. Such people would be cyborgs.

## Related pages

- Transhumanism
- Mind uploading
Mind uploading

**Mind uploading** is the theoretical process of uploading the contents of one's brain, possibly even their consciousness onto a digital substrate such as the cloud. The amount of data and computer memory needed to do this would be immense indeed, on the order of millions of terabytes, no current computers have this sort of data capacity.