juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Horace Mann

**Horace Mann** (1796-1859) was an educator and politician who helped set up the first public schools in the United States. He did this in the state of Massachusetts. Mann personally visited every school in the state to inspect it. He later became the first president of Antioch College in Ohio. “Our means of education,” he stated, “are the grand machinery by which the ‘raw material’ of human nature can be worked up into inventors and discoverers, into skilled artisans and scientific farmers.”

## Infobox (congressman)

- **name**: Horace Mann
- **image**: File:Horace Mann - Daguerreotype by Southworth & Hawes, c1850.jpg
- **state1**: Massachusetts
- **term start1**: April 3, 1848
- **term end1**: March 3, 1853
- **predecessor1**: John Quincy Adams
- **successor1**: Tappan Wentworth
- **birth place**: Franklin, Massachusetts
- **death place**: Yellow Springs, Ohio
- **resting place**: North Burial Ground,
Providence, Rhode Island
- **spouse**: Charlotte Messer Mann (d. 1832)
Mary Peabody Mann
- **party**: Whig Party (United States), Whig
Free Soil Party, Free Soil
- **relations**: Thomas Mann (father)
Rebecca Stanley Mann (mother)
Stephen Mann (Brother)
Louise Mann (Sister)
- **children**: Horace Mann Jr.
George Combe Mann
Benjamin Pickman Mann
- **alma mater**: Brown University
Litchfield Law School
- **occupation**: Lawyer
Educator
College president
- **signature**: Appletons' Mann Horace signature.jpg
Kim Kyu-sik

**Kim Kyu-sik** (, 1881 - 1950) was a Korean politician, ambassador, poet, and academic.

He was the first and second Vice President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. He was also minister of education and foreign affairs in the same government.

A nickname & a pen name is Usa ().

He was a graduate of the American Roanoke College and also Princeton University.

Kim Kyusik was born in Pusan. He was kidnapped to North Korea in 1950, where he was assassinated in Manpo the same year.

## Related pages

- Rhee Syng-man
- Yun Chi-ho
- Yun Ch-Young
- Ahn Jae-Hong
- Philip Jaisohn
- Kim Gu
- Kim Won-bong
- Park Hon-Yong
Chang Myun

**Chang Myon**(, August 28, 1899 – June 4, 1966) was 2nd, 7th Prime Minister of South Korea, 4th Vice President of South Korea. His nickname was Unsuk (, hanja:雲石).

He was a special ambassador to the Vatican 1948. In 1949, United States Ambassador to South Korea, May 1950 2nd Prime Minister of South Korea. 1956 to 1960 4th Vice President of South Korea. Seventh Prime Minister in August 1960. On 16 May 1961, he was kicked out, By Park Chung hee's coup d'état.

## Life

Chang Myon was born in Incheon in 1899. He was born to a Catholic family. After graduating from high school, he studied in the United States. After returning, he worked as an educator. Dongseong High School teachers, Principal. Geseong Elementary School Principal.

August 15, 1945 Independence, he moved into politics. October 1948 was sent to UN, to represent of South Korea, after, December 1948 Special  Ambassador to the Vatican, Ambassador to the United States. Prime Minister of South Korea November 23, 1950 to April 23, 1952.

## Related pages

- Rhee Syngman
- Kim Gu
- Yun Posun
- Yun Chi-ho
- Jang Jun-ha
- Park Chung-hee
- Park Soon-Chon
- Shin Ik-hee
- Heo Jeong

## References

- http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=132789

## Other websites

- Unsyk Chang Myon Memorial site
- Chang Myon:National Assembly of the Republic of Korea

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Chang Myon
- **image**: Chang Myon 1955.jpg
- **caption**: Chang Myon (1955)
- **order**: 4th Vice President of South Korea
- **term start**: May 15, 1956
- **term end**: April 23, 1960
- **president**: Rhee Syng-man
- **predecessor**: Ham Tae-young
- **successor**: Lee Ki-bung
- **birth place**: Seoul, Korean Empire
- **death place**: Seoul, South Korea
- **spouse**: Kim Yun-ok
Stomach cancer

**Stomach cancer**, or **gastric cancer**, is a kind of cancer from any part of the stomach. Stomach cancer causes about 800,000 deaths worldwide per year. The odds of survival are 5 to 15%. The life span of someone with stomach cancer is five to fifteen years. This is because this type of cancer can spread faster than other cancers.

Most stomach cancer is caused by _Helicobacter pylori_ infection. Diet foods are not proven causes, but some foods, such as smoked foods, salted fish and meat, and pickled vegetables are associated with a higher risk. Heavy metals, such as arsenic in soil, have been linked to gastric cancers and have positive relationship with incidence or death.

## Types of stomach cancer

There are several types of stomach cancer, which can be categorized based on the location in the stomach where the cancer begins. The most common type of stomach cancer is adenocarcinoma, which starts in the cells lining the inside of the stomach. Other types of stomach cancer include:

- Lymphoma: This starts in the lymphatic system, which is a network of vessels and nodes that help circulate blood and fight infection.
- Sarcoma: This develops in the connective tissues or muscles of the stomach.
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: This type of tumor arises from the interstitial cells of Cajal, which are specialized cells  that control the movement of food through the digestive tract.
- Carcinoid tumor: This type of tumor arises from the neuroendocrine cells in the stomach, which produce hormones that regulate digestion.

### New therapies and survival rates

A 2025 study called the DRAGON-01 trial found that intraperitoneal chemotherapy helped people with stomach cancer live longer. This method puts the cancer medicine directly into the belly (abdomen), where it can more efficiently reach tumors.

In the study, patients received both intraperitoneal and intravenous paclitaxel and an oral drug called S-1. Patients lived longer than with standard treatments. The 1-year survival rate was 69.6% compared to 54.1% in the control group.

The study also showed that more patients could get surgery after this treatment, which can improve survival.

## Infobox (disease)

- **name**: Stomach cancer
- **image**: Adenocarcinoma of the stomach.jpg
- **caption**: A suspicious stomach ulcer that was ultimately diagnosed as cancer on biopsy and resected. The surgical specimen was subsequently kept for educational purposes.
- **diseasesdb**: 12445
- **omim**: 137215
- **medlineplus**: 000223
- **emedicinesubj**: med
- **emedicinetopic**: 845
- **meshid**: D013274
Bembridge

_Bembridge_ is a village on the Isle of Wight. It is the village which is farthest to the east on the island. According to the 2001 census of the United Kingdom it had a population of 3,848. The large population (for a village) means that some people have said that it has the biggest population of any village in the United Kingdom. Many of the most rich people who live on the Isle of Wight live in Bembridge.

## History

The villages of Bembridge and Yaverland were once a separate island, off the coast of the rest of the Isle of Wight. There was a channel of water called Brading Haven, which separated the two islands. Before the time in which Queen Victoria was the queen of the United Kingdom, the village of Bembridge only had a few huts and farm houses. It was only when a church was built in 1827 that the village started to grow.

## Geography

The most old buildings in the village are found close to the church in the north of the village. In this part of the village there are a number of shops, pubs (places to buy and drink alcohol), and restaurants (places to buy food). There is also the village hall (a place for meetings, sales and events).

In the south of the village there is an area which is called 'Lane End'. It is a more modern part of the village and has its own shops. In this part of the village there is a lifeboat station. There are two schools in Bembridge, one is for children of ages 4–8, and the other is for children of ages 9–13.
United States Secret Service

The **US Secret Service** (simply known as **Secret Service**) is a federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The agency is in charge with handling criminal investigations and protecting political leaders of the United States, their families, and visiting heads of state or government. The agency was under the United States Department of the Treasury until 2003. Its original job was to stop Counterfeit<nowiki/>ing of money.

## History

President Abraham Lincoln signed the legislation that established the Secret Service just hours before he was assassinated on April 14, 1865.

After the Assassination of President William McKinley in September 1901, U.S. Congress passed a federal law and directed the Secret Service to provide mandatory protection to the president.

## Primary missions

The Secret Service is authorized by 18 U.S.C. § 3056(a) to protect:

- President of the United States
- Vice President of the United States
- First Lady of the United States
- Spouse of the Vice President
- President-elect
- Vice President-elect
- People in the presidential line of succession.
- The immediate family members such as children, grandchildren, stepchildren, in-laws etc.
- Former presidents and their spouses for the rest of their life, unless the spouse remarries.
- Children of former presidents under the age of 16.
- Visiting heads of state or government and their spouses.
- Major presidential and vice presidential candidates and their spouses
- Former vice presidents, their spouses up to six months after the former vice president leaves office.

The Secret Service also provides security for the White House, the Number One Observatory Circle, Treasury Department building and private residences of the president and former presidents.

## Other missions

The Secret Service is tasked with protecting the financial systems of the United States and cyber-based crime such as, counterfeit money, bank and financial fraud, mail fraud, and wire fraud.

## Infobox (law enforcement agency)

- **agencyname**: US Secret Service
- **commonname**: Secret Service
- **abbreviation**: USSS
- **logo**:
- **logocaption**: Emblem of the U.S Secret Service
- **flag**:
- **flagcaption**: U.S. Secret Service flag
- **badge**:
- **badgecaption**: Secret Service special agent badge
- **employees**: 8,300+ (2024)
- **budget**: (2025)
- **country**: United States
- **headquarters**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **minister1pfo**: United States Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Department of Homeland Security
- **chief1name**: Sean M. Curran
- **chief1position**: Director of the United States Secret Service, Director
- **parentagency**: United States Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Department of Homeland Security (2003–present)
United States Department of the Treasury, U.S. Department of the Treasury (1865–2003)
- **vehicle1type**: Field and resident offices
- **vehicles1**: 116
- **vehicle2type**: Overseas offices
- **vehicles2**: 20
The Grand Inquisitor

**"The Grand Inquisitor"** is a parable told by Ivan to Alyosha in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel _The Brothers Karamazov_ (1879-1880). Ivan and Alyosha are brothers; Ivan questions the possibility of a kind, caring God. If there is a kind God, Ivan argues, why do people suffer, especially children?

"The Grand Inquisitor" is an important part of the novel and one of the most famous parts of it because of its ideas about humans and Gods, and because of its mysteriousness.

Dostoevsky's notebooks show that he had the idea of "The Grand Inquisitor" after he saw it in a play by Friedrich Schiller, _Don Carlos_ (1785-1787).

## Other websites

- Link to text of scene
Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act

The **Matthew Shepard Act**, officially called the **Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act**, is an Act of Congress that was passed on October 22, 2009, and signed into law by President Barack Obama on October 28. The act adds crimes that are committed because of the victims gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or disability to the 1969 federal hate-crime law.

The Act is the first federal law that gives legal protection to people who are transgender.

The bill also:
- protects a victim even if they were not engaging in a federally-protected activity, such as voting or going to school;
- gives federal law enforcement a greater ability to look into possible hate crimes that local law enforcement decides not to;
- gives $5 million per year in funding for 2010 through 2012 to help both state and local governments pay for the investigation and prosecution of hate crimes;
- makes the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) track how many hate crimes are committed against transgender persons
Pōhutukawa

The **pōhutukawa** (_Metrosideros excelsa_), also known as the **New Zealand Christmas tree**, **New Zealand Christmas bush**, and **iron tree**, is a tree native to New Zealand. It grows mainly on the coast of the North Island. It is evergreen and has bright red flowers. These flowers appear between November and January, during the Southern hemisphere summer. It is red and green during Christmas.

The Pōhutukawa is endangered, meaning that there are not many left. This is because possums eat the leaves of the trees, killing them. Project Crimson is a group trying to stop this happening.
North Island

The **North Island** is the smaller of the two main islands of New Zealand. It is separated from the South Island by Cook Strait. The island is  in area, making it the world's 14th-largest island. It has a population of 3,287,600 (June 2009). Its Māori name is _Te Ika a Māui_.

Twelve cities are in the North Island. The biggest is Auckland, New Zealand's largest city, which is in the northwestern part of the island. Wellington, the capital, is at the southern end of the island. About 76% of New Zealand's population live in the North Island.

## Related pages

- South Island
- Chatham Islands

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: North Island
- **image name**: NewZealand.A2002296.2220.250m North Island crop.jpg
- **native name lang**: mi
- **map**: Oceania
- **location**: Oceania
- **archipelago**: New Zealand
- **area km2**: 113729
- **rank**: 14th
- **highest mount**: Mount Ruapehu
- **elevation m**: 2797
- **country**: New Zealand
South Island

The **South Island** is the larger of the two main islands of New Zealand. It is separated from the North Island by Cook Strait. The South Island covers  and has a temperate climate. It is also known by its Māori name, _Te Wai Pounamu_. About 24% of New Zealand's population live in the South Island.

## Related pages

- North Island
- Chatham Islands

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: South Island
- **native name lang**: MI
- **image name**: Turbid Waters Surround New Zealand - crop.jpg
- **map**: Oceania
- **location**: Oceania
- **archipelago**: New Zealand
- **area km2**: 150437
- **rank**: 12th
- **coastline km**: 5842
- **highest mount**: Aoraki / Mount Cook
- **elevation m**: 3724
- **length km**: 840
- **country**: New Zealand
New Zealand English

**New Zealand English** is the English that is spoken in New Zealand. The words are mostly the same as in British English but are pronounced differently.

Some words are found only in or have special meanings in New Zealand English. They include _dairy_ (corner shop; small grocery shop), _bach_ (small holiday house, often near the beach), _heaps_ (lots of, i.e. "I ate heaps of pavlova last Christmas"), and _tramping_ (hiking).
Cook Strait

**Cook Strait** () is the body of water between the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It connects the Tasman Sea on the west with the South Pacific Ocean on the east.

The strait is named after James Cook, who was the first European commander to sail through it. Its Māori name is _Te Moana-o-Raukawa_. The strait has an average depth of . The strait can be dangerous and unpredictable, because of the tide patterns and the weather. The most common way to get across is by ferry.

## Infobox (body of water)

- **name**: Cook Strait
- **basin countries**: New Zealand
- **pushpin map**: New Zealand#Oceania
- **pushpin map alt**: Map of New Zealand with mark showing location of Cook Strait
- **pushpin map caption**: Cook Strait separates the North Island, North and South Island, South islands of New Zealand.
Tasman Sea

The **Tasman Sea** is the sea between Australia and New Zealand. It was named after Dutch explorer Abel Tasman. It is about  across, and  from north to south. The sea is part of the south Pacific Ocean. Its Māori name is _Te Tai-o-Rēhua_, and it is sometimes called _The Ditch_ by Australians and New Zealanders.
Bailiff

A **bailiff**  is a governor, a legal officer for the government. There are many different kinds of bailiffs, and they have different jobs. The word comes from the Latin word, _baiulivus_.

### Great Britain

The word was first used in England for the king's officers, such as sheriffs and mayors. It was also  the title for the chief officer of a hundred. The sheriff looked after an area called his bailiwick. Bailiff is kept as a title by the chief magistrates of various towns and the keepers of royal castles, such as the High Bailiff of Westminster, and the Bailiff of Dover Castle. In a medieval manor, a bailiff was in charge of the farming.
Leeroy Jenkins

**Leeroy Jenkins** is the name of a player character who was in the game World of Warcraft, created by Ben Shultz. He made a video which was put onto Youtube, and it became very popular. He has become known and even has his own achievement on World of Warcraft for pretending to be him in the video. Leeroy’s name is often spelt wrong as Leroy Jenkins who is a real different person.

The video, which made Leeroy famous, shows him and his friends doing a friendly activity known as a Raid in World of Warcraft, but this activity is hard to do, so the leader of the group that Leeroy is with has to explain what to do. But Leeroy is not around for the explanation, preparing some chicken, and when he comes back, he ends up running in the area, shouting his own name as he goes, which begins the activity, and ruining the plan which his friends made. This causes everyone to panic, and no-one knows what to do, and so, everyone dies. Everyone blames Leeroy for this, and he says "At least I got chicken."

Leeroy has become very well known and his name is now used by people to show that they are running in but have no idea what to do. These people should be avoided, as they may cause you to die as well, as the video shows. Because of this, people now consider the video to be a lesson.

## Other websites

- Leeroy Jenkins on YouTube
Billy Corgan

**William Patrick "Billy" Corgan, Jr.** (born March 17, 1967) is an American singer and musician. He is the singer and guitarist for the American band The Smashing Pumpkins. Corgan and James Iha formed the band in 1988.

## Related pages

- List of poets from the United States

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **current member of**: The Smashing Pumpkins


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Billy Corgan
- **image**: Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins - 2019158213151 2019-06-07 Rock am Ring - 2085 - AK8I7435 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Corgan performing with The Smashing Pumpkins in 2019
- **birth name**: William Patrick Corgan Jr.
- **birth place**: Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **years active**: 1985–present
- **children**: 3
Dark Horse (album)

***Dark Horse*** is the sixth studio album by Canadian rock band Nickelback. The album was released on November 18, 2008. Seven singles came from the album, including "Gotta Be Somebody", "If Today Was Your Last Day", "I'd Come for You", "Burn It to the Ground", and "Something in Your Mouth".

## Track listing

1. "Something in Your Mouth" – 3:38
1. "Burn It to the Ground" – 3:47
1. "Gotta Be Somebody" – 4:13
1. "I'd Come for You" – 4:22
1. "Next Go Round" – 3:45
1. "Just to Get High" – 4:02
1. "Never Gonna Be Alone" – 3:47
1. " Shakin' Hands " – 3:39
1. " S.E.X. " – 3:55
1. " If Today Was Your Last Day " – 4:08
1. " This Afternoon " – 3:34
1. ""This Afternoon" (Original Performance Series)" - 4:26 (Wal-Mart Exclusive Bonus Track)

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Dark Horse
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Nickelback
- **released**: 18 November 2008
- **recorded**: 2008 at Mountain View Studios, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Abbotsford, British Columbia
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **length**: 43:38
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Roadrunner Records, Roadrunner
 EMI
- **producer**: Mutt Lange, Nickelback, Joey Moi
- **prev title**: All the Right Reasons
- **prev year**: 2005
- **next title**: Here and Now
- **next year**: 2011
Duncan Keith

**Duncan Keith** (born July 16, 1983 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played a total of 17 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Chicago Blackhawks and the Edmonton Oilers. He played college hockey with the Spartans at Michigan State.

Keith has also played for Team Canada. He won a gold medal with Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2010 and was also awarded the 2010 Norris Trophy. On June 24, 2013, He won his second Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On July 12, 2021, the Blackhawks traded Keith along with Tim Söderlund to the Edmonton Oilers for Caleb Jones and a third-round pick in the 2022 NHL Entry Draft. On July 12, 2022, Keith announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Duncan Keith - Chicago Blackhawks.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Keith with the Blackhawks in December 2014
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks
Edmonton Oilers
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Defenceman (ice hockey), Defence
- **shot**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 196
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **birth place**: Winnipeg, Manitoba, MB, Canada, CAN
- **draft**: 54th overall
- **draft year**: 2002
- **draft team**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **career start**: 2003
- **career end**: 2022
A minor

**A minor** (usually shortened to **Am**) is a minor scale based on A, which is made up of the pitches A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and A.  The harmonic minor scale raises the G to G. Its key signature has no sharps or flats.

Its relative major is C major, and its parallel major is A major. A scale in both A minor and C major can be played on a piano or other keyboard instrument using only the white keys.

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals when needed.

Most of the time key signatures were cancelled whenever the new key signature had fewer sharps or flats than the old key signature, in modern popular music, this is only done when C major or A minor replace another key.

## Well-known classical music in this key

- _Violin Concerto in A minor BWV1041_ - Johann Sebastian Bach
- _Piano Sonata in A minor, K. 310_ - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- _Bagatelle in A minor "Für Elise"_ - Ludwig van Beethoven
- _Violin Sonata No. 4 Op.23_ - Ludwig van Beethoven
- _String Quartet No. 15 Op.132 _ - Ludwig van Beethoven
- Caprice No. 24 (Paganini) - Niccolo Paganini
- _Prelude #2 in A minor, Op. 28 #2_ - Frédéric Chopin
- Piano Concerto in A Minor, Op. 54 - Robert Schumann
- Variations on a Theme by Paganini, Op. 35 - Johannes Brahms
- Piano Concerto in A Minor, Op. 16 - Edvard Grieg
- Oboe Concerto in A Minor - Ralph Vaughan Williams
- Symphony No. 6 - Gustav Mahler
- Symphony No. 4 - Jean Sibelius
- Rhapsody on a Theme by Paganini - Sergei Rachmaninoff

## Infobox (scale)

- **image name**: Do_Mayor_armadura.png
- **scale name**: A minor
- **relative**: C major
- **parallel**: A major
- **first pitch**: A
- **second pitch**: B
- **third pitch**: C
- **fourth pitch**: D
- **fifth pitch**: E
- **sixth pitch**: F
- **seventh pitch**: G
You, Me and Dupree

***You, Me and Dupree*** is a 2006 American comedy movie. It was produced by Mary Parent, Scott Stuber and Owen Wilson. It was directed by Anthony Russo and Joe Russo.

The movie is about newlyweds Carl and Molly Peterson (played by Matt Dillon and Kate Hudson). After Carl's best man and friend Randolph Dupree (Owen Wilson) loses his job and apartment, the couple allow him to move in. Dupree overstays his welcome.

## Cast

- **Owen Wilson** as **Randolph "Randy" Dupree**
- **Matt Dillon** as **Carl Peterson**
- **Kate Hudson** as **Molly Thompson Peterson**
- **Michael Douglas** as **Bob Thompson**
- © Universal (2005)
- **Ralph Ting** as **Toshi**
- **Todd Stashwick** as **Tony**
- **Bill Hader** as **Mark**
- **Lance Armstrong** as himself

## Other websites

- You, Me and Dupree's official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: You, Me and Dupree
- **director**: Anthony Russo
Joe Russo
- **producer**: Mary Parent
Scott Stuber
Owen Wilson
- **writer**: Mike LeSieur
- **starring**: Matt Dillon
Owen Wilson
Kate Hudson
Michael Douglas
Seth Rogen
- **music**: Theodore Shapiro
- **cinematography**: Jerzy Zielinski
- **editing**: Don Zimmerman
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures (USA)
- **released**: July 14, 2006
- **runtime**: 109 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $54 million
Butters' Bottom Bitch

"**Butters' Bottom Bitch**" is the ninth episode of the thirteenth season of _South Park_. It first started on the Comedy Central in the United States on October 16, 2009.

In this episode, Butters pays a girl $5 to kiss him on the playground.   He decides to start a business, a "kissing company." This is a parody of prostitution with Butters as a pimp.  Police officers hear about Butters' company and think it is a real prostitution ring.  Sergeant Yates disguises himself as a female prostitute to find out.

## Other websites

Episode's official page
Eazy-E

**Eric Lynn Wright** (September 7, 1964 – March 26, 1995), known professionally as **Eazy-E**, was an American rapper. He was born in Compton, California. He rose to fame with the hip hop group N.W.A and is one of the founders of the "Gangsta rap" subgenre. He usually rapped about guns, drugs, relations between residents and the police, and sexual activity. He was known as the "_Godfather of Gangsta Rap_".

## Life

In 1987, he founded Ruthless Records.

## Illness and death

In 1994, Eazy-E believed he had asthma, until he learned he had HIV/AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). It led to his death
on March 26, 1995.

He was buried at Rose Hills Memorial Park in Whittier, California.

## Discography

During his career, Eazy-E released 2 studio albums and 3 EPs:

|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|1988|_Eazy-Duz-It_|
|1995|_Str8 off tha Streetz of Muthaphukkin Compton_*|

|Year|EP|
| --- | --- |
|1992|_5150: Home 4 tha Sick_|
|1993|_It's On (~~Dr. Dre~~) 187<sup>um</sup> Killa_|
|2002|_Impact of a Legend_*|

(*) albums or EPs were released posthumously (after death)

## Other websites

- Official website
- Eazy-E's find-a-grave page

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **years active**: 1987–1995
- **past member of**: N.W.A


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Eazy-E
- **image**: Eazy E headshot.jpg
- **image size**: 200
- **caption**: Eazy-E in 1993
- **birth name**: Eric Lynn Wright
- **birth place**: Compton, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **burial place**: Rose Hills Memorial Park
- **children**: 11, including Lil Eazy-E
Tyranni

**Tyranni** is a suborder of passerine birds. They are also known as the **suboscines**. There are about 1,000 species in this suborder. Most of them live in South America.

These birds are different to the passeri (songbirds) because they have a different syrinx. This is part of the bird's voice box which makes bird song. Scientists have also done studies on DNA and fossils to show that the tyranni suborder is different to the passeri suborder.

## Taxonomy

The tyranni suborder can be split into three infraorders: Acanthisittides, Eurylaimides, and Tyrannide.

The first group, the Acanthisittidae, are also known as the New Zealand "wrens". At the moment, scientists are unsure whether they should belong to the tyranni or not. Some scientists think they are too different and they should be in their own suborder.

The Eurylaimides contains two superfamilies: the Eurylaimoidea and the Pittoidea. The Euryaimoidea contains three families. They are also known as the Old World suboscines. Most of them live in tropical places around the Indian Ocean. One species, the Broad-billed Sapayoa, lives in the Americas. The three families are:
- Superfamily: Eurylaimoidea
    - Eurylaimidae: broadbills
    - Philepittidae: asities
    - Sapayoidae: Broad-billed Sapayoa
- Superfamily: Pittoidea
    - Pittidae: pittas

The Tyrannides contain all sub-oscine birds from the Americas, except the Broad-billed Sapayoa:
- Furnariidae: ovenbirds and woodcreepers
- Thamnophilidae: antbirds
- Formicariidae: antpittas and antthrushes
- Rhinocryptidae: tapaculos
- Conopophagidae: gnateaters and gnatpittas
- Tyrannidae: tyrant-flycatchers
- Tityridae: tityras and allies
- Cotingidae: cotingas
- Pipridae: manakins
Decision theory

**Decision theory** is a mathematical theory about how to best reach a decision. This is done using probability theory, statistics and logical reasoning. A decision can be made in different ways. Decision theory usually picks the best decision by looking at the consequences each way to decide might have.

In most cases, decision theory is normative and prescriptive. Most of the time, it assumes the decision maker has _perfect knowledge_. Decision makers know all the consequences, and case take the best pick.

There are three branches of decision theory:
1. **Normative decision theory**: The decision makers take rational choices. There is also a set of axioms that describe the decision process. This allows to reach a decision through the use of logic. This describes **how** to reach a decision.
1. **Prescriptive decision theory**: This tries to help people reach better decisions, through the use of models to follow. Humans have only limited capabilities to reach a decision. This is taken into account.
1. **Descriptive decision theory** looks at the way decisions are taken in real life, and tries to improve the process.

Decision theory can also be classified as follows:
1. **Choice under certainty**: The decision maker knows all possible alternatives, and can exactly say at what probability each occurs. The decision maker chooses the action that will result in the most desirable outcome.
1. **Choice under uncertainty**: There are several outcomes for each action, depending on the state of nature. The outcome corresponding to the chosen action are uncertain, but the probabilities associated with each outcome is known.
Rennes 2 University

The **University of Rennes 2 - Upper Brittany** is a national university in France. It is located in the city of Rennes. It was created in 1969.

## Faculties

They are 5 faculties:
- Faculty of foreign languages
- Faculty of social sciences
- Faculty of Human sciences
- Faculty of Arts, Humanities, and communication
- Faculty of sports.

## Other websites

- official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University of Rennes 2 - Upper Brittany
- **established**: 1969
- **type**: Public
- **president**: Marc Gontard
- **students**: 17,380
- **city**: Rennes
- **state**: Brittany
- **country**: France
- **website**: [http://www.univ-rennes2.fr/ www.univ-rennes2.fr]
Gypsophila paniculata

***Gypsophila paniculata*** is a species of perennial plant, a plant that lives for more than two years. The common name, a name that is in general use, is **baby's breath**.

## Description

The height of the species 2 to 3 feet long and the width of the species is 2 to 3 feet long. The species blooms anytime from April to August. The color of the flowers are typically white. The plant needs sunlight from the full sun, meaning direct sunlight. The species is an herbaceous plant, meaning it has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level and has no woody stem above the ground.

## Habitat

The species is native to Central Europe and Siberia.

## Toxicity

Despite being used in cakes and corsages, the species is commonly feared to be poisonous. The toxicity is said to be due to saponins. The poisonous parts of the plant are claimed to be the flowers, with other parts of the plant also being poisonous when they are dry. The species can cause eye irritation, sinus irritation, or asthma after the plant is repeatedly handled. The plant can also cause minor skin irritation that only lasts for a few minutes.<sup>potentially unreliable source</sup>

It is known that the roots of this species and other members of the genus gypsophila do in fact contain saponin. A study has been done which suggests that saponins are produced only in the root and stay in the root and do not move to other parts of the plant.
Xiongnu

The **Xiongnu** () were a group of nomads who lived north of China from the 3rd century BC to the 460s AD. Their lands were infertile, so they often attacked China. To stop these attacks, the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, built the Great Wall of China between 214 and 206 BC. Some Han dynasty emperors tried to make peace with them, but the Xiongnu continued to attack Chinese borders.

Some people believe that the Xiongnu were related to the Huns, and this idea is still widely accepted today. In the past, different nomadic tribes often lived together, even if they spoke different languages. Around 60 BC, a power struggle led to the Xiongnu breaking up into five smaller groups.

In 202 AD, the leader of the Southern Xiongnu surrendered to Cao Cao, the Prime Minister of the Han dynasty.

The Han dynasty sent unrelated women falsely labeled as princesses and members of the Han imperial family when they were practicing Heqin marriage alliances with the Xiongnu.

The Xiongnu practiced marriage alliances with Han dynasty officers and officials. The older sister of the Chanyu (the Xiongnu ruler) was married to the Xiongnu General Zhao Xin, the Marquis of Xi who was serving the Han dynasty. The daughter of the Qiedihou Chanyu was married to the Han Chinese General Li Ling after he surrendered and defected. The Yenisei Kirghiz Khagans claimed descent from Li Ling. Another Han Chinese General who defected to the Xiongnu was Li Guangli who also married a daughter of the Chanyu. The Han Chinese diplomat Su Wu married a Xiongnu woman given by Li Ling when he was arrested and taken captive. Han Chinese explorer Zhang Qian married a Xiongnu woman and had a child with her when he was taken captive by the Xiongnu. Han Emperor Wu dispatched the Han Chinese explorer Zhang Qian to explore the mysterious kingdoms to the west and to form an alliance with the Yuezhi people in order to combat the Xiongnu. During this time Zhang married a Xiongnu wife, who bore him a son, and gained the trust of the Xiongnu leader.

The Kyrgyz khagans claimed descent from the Chinese general Li Ling, grandson of the famous Han dynasty general Li Guang. Li Ling was captured by the Xiongnu and defected in the first century BCE. And since the Tang royal Li family also claimed descent from Li Guang, the Kirghiz Khagan was therefore recognized as a member of the Tang Imperial family. This relationship soothed the relationship when Kyrgyz khagan Are (阿熱) invaded Uyghur Khaganate and put Qasar Qaghan to the sword. The news brought to Chang'an by Kyrgyz ambassador Zhuwu Hesu (註吾合素).

## Infobox (former country)

- **conventional long name**: Xiongnu
- **common name**: Xiongnu
- **status**: Confederation
- **year start**: 3rd century BC
- **year end**: 460s
- **capital**: Longcheng (Xiongnu), Longcheng (龙城/蘢城), near Khöshöö Tsaidam Monuments, Khoshoo Tsaidam (present-day in Mongolia), was established as the annual meeting place and _de facto_ capital.
- **image map**: XiongnuMap.png
- **image map caption**: Territory of the Xiongnu (green), circa 250 BC
- **s2**: Xianbei State
- **religion**: possibly Tengriism
- **title leader**: Chanyu
InuYasha the Movie: Affections Touching Across Time

***InuYasha the Movie: Affections Touching Across Time*** is the first anime movie for the manga series _InuYasha_.

## Other websites

- Anime Classics Zettai!: 100 Must-See Japanese Animation Masterpieces
- DVD Vision Japan
Litmus paper

**Litmus** is a mixture which is made from different dyes which can be taken from lichens. It is water-soluble. It is used to tell whether a solution is an acid or an alkali.

Litmus is put onto filter paper. This paper is then called 'litmus paper'. The paper can then be used to give a rough indication of the pH value of a solution. Blue litmus paper will turn red, when acid is present; red litmus paper will turn blue when alkalines are present. At room temperature, this usually happens for pH values between 4.5 and 8.3.

Alternatively, a solution can be prepared which works the same way, but does not need the paper.

Although litmus and litmus paper can determine if any substance is acidic or alkaline, it cannot determine its pH. Universal indicator can be used to determine its exact pH.

## Related pages

- pH#Indicators
Psychopathic Records

**Psychopathic Records** is a record label based in Royal Oak, Michigan. It was founded in 1991 by Alex Abbiss and Horrorcore band Insane Clown Posse. The company is currently distributed by Fontana Distribution.

The Psychopathic Records mascot is Hatchetman.

## Psychopathic's current signed artists

- Insane Clown Posse
- Twiztid
- Blaze Ya Dead Homie
- Anybody Killa
- Boondox
- Dark Lotus
- Mike E. Clark

## Other websites

Psychopathic Records official website

## Infobox (record label)

- **name**: Psychopathic Records
- **image bg**: white
- **founded**: 1991
- **founder**: Alex Abbiss
Insane Clown Posse
- **status**: Active
- **distributor**: Jive Records (1995–1996)
Hollywood Records (1996–1997)
Island Records (1997–2001)
RED Distribution (2002-2010)
Fontana Distribution (2010-Present)
- **genre**: Hip hop/Horrorcore
- **country**: United States
- **location**: Royal Oak, Michigan
- **url**: http://www.psychopathicrecords.com/
Gene Snitsky

**Eugene Alan "Gene" Snisky** (born January 14, 1970 in Nesquehoning, Pennsylvania) better known by his ring name **Snitsky**, is an American professional wrestler and actor, best known for the four years he spent with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).

Snitsky was released from his WWE contract on December 11, 2008. Snitsky announced his retirement from wrestling on June 22, 2018.

On May 24, 2023, it was announced that Snitsky would be coming out of retirement and make his return to professional wrestling with Major League Wrestling on July 8 at Never Say Never paperview. He won his debut match by defeating Yoscifer El in a singles match.

### Finishing moves

- Fireman's carry swinging side slam
- Pumphandle slam

### Signature moves

- Chokeslam
- Elbow drop
- Fallaway slam
- High knee
- Running big boot
- Scoop slam
- Sidewalk slam

### Entrance themes

- "Hell Camp" by Chris Tsangarides (2004-2005)
- "Not My Fault" by Jim Johnston (WWE; 2005-2006)
- "Unglued" by Jim Johnston (WWE; 2007-2008)

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Gene Snitsky
- **names**: Gene Snitsky
Snitsky
"Mean" Gene Mondo
"Mean" Gene Snitsky
**Gene Snisky**
- **image**: Gene Snitsky cropped.jpg
- **birth place**: Nesquehoning, Pennsylvania
- **billed**: Nesquehoning, Pennsylvania
- **trainer**: Afa Anoa'i
A.J. Petrucci
- **debut**: 1997
Scottsboro Boys

**The Scottsboro Boys** were 9 African-American boys of 13 to 20 years old. They lived in Alabama. In the 1930s, they were accused of a rape that they did not do and they were punished for it. A jury found them guilty even though the woman who accused them of rape admitted during the trial that it did not happen.
Independence Hall

**Independence Hall** is a historic building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  It is called Independence Hall because the Declaration of Independence was passed there.  The United States Constitution was also written there.  It served as the capital of the United States several times, mostly during the Revolutionary War.  It was also the meeting place of the state legislature of Pennsylvania.  It is a World Heritage Site.  It is on the back of the $100 bill.

The Liberty Bell was originally in the bell tower of the building.

Abraham Lincoln's funeral included coming to Independence Hall, where over 300,000 people viewed the president's body.
Cartman Gets an Anal Probe

"**Cartman Gets an Anal Probe**" is the 1st episode for the 1st season of _South Park_. It was first shown on Comedy Central in the United States on August 13, 1997. The episode introduces the main characters, Stan Marsh and Kyle Broflovski. They try to rescue Kyle's brother Ike from a group of aliens.

## Plot

Stan, Kenny, Cartman, Kyle, and his little brother, Ike, are standing at the bus stop. Cartman tells them about the dream about getting abducted by aliens. The boys tell Cartman that it was not a dream and that he was actually abducted by aliens, but Cartman refuses to believe them. Chef drives up and asks the boys if they saw the space ship appearing in the sky. He tells stories about aliens performing anal probes. As the boys get on the bus and drive off they discover the aliens abducting Ike.

The boys are in the cafeteria and after Chef sees a machine emerge from Cartman's rear end, Chef helps the boys escape the school to save Ike by pulling the fire alarm. They escape outside and Cartman believes that being abducted by aliens was a dream until he is hit by a beam that makes him sing and dance and space ship appears. When Kyle throws a rock at the ship, it fires back and hits Kenny, who ends up getting killed by a herd of cows and a police car.

Stan, Kyle, and Wendy Testaburger meet at Stark's Pond and Wendy suggests that they use the device in Cartman's rear-end to contact the aliens, the boys tie Cartman to a tree, and a big satellite dish emerges from Cartman's rear-end. The spaceship appears and Ike leaps to safety. The aliens then begin to talk to the cows seeing them as the smartest species on the planet and Cartman is abducted once again, but is returned to the bus stop the next day.

## Infobox (television episode)

- **series**: South Park
- **season**: 1
- **episode**: 1
- **production**: 101
- **director**: Trey Parker
- **writer**: Trey Parker
Matt Stone
- **music**: "I Love to Singa"
by Norman Spencer
- **episode list**: List of South Park episodes
- **next**: Weight Gain 4000
Gin and Juice

"**Gin and Juice**" is a song by Snoop Doggy Dogg and produced by Dr. Dre, The song pay homage to Seagrams and Tanqueray gin and features Daz Dillinger. The video for "Gin and Juice" features Snoop Dogg wearing hockey jerseys from the Pittsburgh Penguins and the defunct Springfield (MA) Indians of the American Hockey League. The music video was also fourth on MTV2 and XXL's list of the 25 Greatest West Coast Videos.
Jordan Hendry

**Jordan Hendry** (born February 23, 1984 in Nokomis, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman that currently plays for Straubing Tigers of the DEL.

He played college ice hockey with the University of Alaska Fairbanks Nanooks. Hendry has played in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Blackhawks from four seasons and the Anaheim Ducks for 2 games. He has also played for HC Lugano of the National League A.

Hendry won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks on June 9, 2010 which he took to his hometown of Nokomis.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Jordan Hendry1.JPG
- **image size**: 230px
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks
HC Lugano
Anaheim Ducks
Straubing Tigers
AIK IF
- **position**: Defenceman (ice hockey), Defence
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 195
- **birth place**: Nokomis, Saskatchewan, Nokomis, Saskatchewan, Canada
- **draft**: Undrafted
- **career start**: 2006
- **career end**: 2015
Joe McElderry

**Joe McElderry** (born 16 June 1991) is an English singer. He was born in South Shields, Tyne and Wear. He won the 2009 series of singing competition _The X Factor_ UK. He is openly gay.
Absolute value

In mathematics, the **absolute value** of a real number , written as  or , is the value of  when the sign is dropped (or  without its sign). That is,  for a positive ,  for a negative , and

For example, the absolute value of 3 is 3, and the absolute value of −3 is also 3 (). The absolute value of a real number may be thought of as its distance from zero. It can be defined as follows:

Because a distance is always positive, the absolute value of a number is always positive.

Similarly, the absolute value of a complex number may be thought of as its distance from the origin.

It is defined by the equation

### Real numbers

For any real number , its **absolute value** is denoted by  (a vertical bar on each side of the quantity), and is defined as

The absolute value of  is always either positive or zero, but never negative. From an analytic geometry point of view, the absolute value of a real number is that number's distance from zero along the real number line. The absolute value of the difference of two real numbers is the distance between them.

In calculus, the absolute value function is differentiable except at 0. It is continuous everywhere.

In linear algebra, the norm of a vector is defined similarly as the distance from the tip of the vector to the origin. This is similar to the way the absolute value of a complex number is defined.

The square root notation without sign represents the _positive_ square root. So, it follows that:

which is another definition of absolute value.

The absolute value has the following four main properties:

- {| class="wikitable"
|-
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| style="width: 100px" | ()
| Non-negativity (the absolute value of a number is never negative)
|-
|
| ()
|Zero-definiteness (the absolute value of a number is zero _if and only if_ this number is zero)
|-
|
| ()
|Subadditivity (the absolute value of  plus  is less than or equal to the absolute value of  plus the absolute value of )
|-
|
| ()
|Multiplicativeness (the absolute value of  times  is equal to the absolute value of  times the absolute value of )
|}

Other important properties of the absolute value include:

- {| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width:250px" |
| style="width: 100px" | ()
|Idempotence (the absolute value of the absolute value is the absolute value)
|-
| style="width:250px" |
| style="width: 100px" | ()
|Symmetry (the absolute value of a number is the same as the absolute value of its opposite)
|-
|
| ()
|Identity of indiscernibles (equivalent to zero-definiteness)
|-
|
| ()
|Triangle inequality (equivalent to subadditivity)
|-
|
| ()
|Double absolute value (equivalent to subadditivity)
|-
|
| ()
|Preservation of division (equivalent to multiplicativeness)
|}

Two other useful properties related to inequalities are:

These relations may be used to solve inequalities involving absolute values. For example:

### Complex numbers

For a complex number , where  is the real part of  and  is the imaginary part of ,

## Related pages

- Magnitude (mathematics)
Lady Gaga

**Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta** (born March 28, 1986), better known as her stage name **Lady Gaga**, is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She has a mezzo-soprano vocal range. Her albums are _The Fame_, _The Fame Monster_, _Born This Way_, _Artpop_, _Cheek to Cheek_, _Joanne_, _Chromatica_, _Love for Sale_, and _Mayhem_.  In the US, she has earned six number-one singles and six number-one albums.  She has won 16 Grammy Awards, an Academy Award, two Golden Globe Awards, three American Music Awards, and three BRIT Awards.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lady Gaga
- **image**: Lady Gaga at Joe Biden's inauguration (cropped 5).jpg
- **alt**: Side view of Lady Gaga wearing a navy blue dress decorated with a golden bird and smiling
- **caption**: Gaga at the inauguration of Joe Biden, 2021
- **birth name**: Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta
- **birth place**: New York City, US
- **years active**: 2000–present
- **boards**: President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities
Born This Way Foundation
Haus Labs
- **partner**: Taylor Kinney (2011–16)
Christian Carino (2017–19)
Michael Polansky (2020–present; engaged)
- **mother**: Cynthia Germanotta, Cynthia Bissett
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga, Full list
- **signature**: Lady Gaga autograph.svg