juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
18 (number)

**18** (**eighteen**) is a number. It comes between seventeen and nineteen, and is an even number.  It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18.
In most countries it is the age of majority, age of consent, and voting age.

In Roman numerals, 18 is written as **XVIII**.

The number 18 has many multiples such as: 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, and so on. The prime factorization of 18 is 3x3x2 in expanded form, and 2x3²  in factored form.

## Infobox (number)

- **number**: 18
- **divisors**: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
19 (number)

**19** (**nineteen**) is a number. It comes between eighteen and twenty, and is an odd number.  It is also the 8th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, and 17. In ordinal, it is written as 19th (nineteenth).

In Roman numerals, 19 is written as **XIX**.

## Infobox (number)

- **number**: 19
- **factorization**: prime number, prime
- **prime**: 8th
- **divisor**: 1, 19
21 (number)

**21** (**twenty-one**) is a number. It comes between twenty and twenty-two, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 7, and 21.

Twenty-one is also a name of a popular card game and is the age at which people in the United States can buy alcoholic drinks.

In Roman numerals, 21 is written as **XXI**.

In Greek numerals 21 is written as κα

## Infobox (number)

- **number**: 21
- **divisor**: 1, 3, 7, 21
Jorge Guillén

**Jorge Guillén y Álvarez** (18 January 1893 – 6 February 1984) was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27.

## Biography

Jorge Guillén was born in Valladolid. His life paralleled that of his friend Pedro Salinas, whom he succeeded as a Spanish teaching assistant at the Collège de Sorbonne in the University of Paris from 1917 to 1923. He was also a professor at the University of Murcia from 1925 to 1929, the University of Oxford from 1929 to 1931, and the University of Seville from 1932 to 1938. Exiled, he was forced to establish himself in the United States to continue his postsecondary teaching. He was a professor of Spanish at Wellesley College from 1941 to 1967. He retired to Italy, where he married for the second time. He later moved to the city of Málaga. In 1977, he was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize, one of the most prestigious prizes for Spanish-language writers. He died in Málaga in 1984, age 91.

## Other websites

- The Jorge Guillén Foundation
- Poetry of Jorge Guillén
Proxima Centauri

**Proxima Centauri** is a red dwarf star that is likely a part of the Alpha Centauri star system and is the closest star to the Sun at a distance of
. It is in the constellation of Centaurus.

Proxima Centauri was found to share the same proper motion as Alpha Centauri in 1915 by Robert Innes while he was Director of the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa.

In 1951, Harlow Shapley said that Proxima Centauri was a flare star. Recorded photographs showed that the star became measurably brighter about 8% of the time, making it the most active flare star then found.

## Characteristics

Red dwarfs are usually far too faint to be seen with the naked eye, that means without a telescope. Proxima Centauri has an apparent magnitude of 11 while its absolute magnitude is a very dim 15.5. Even from Alpha Centauri A or B, Proxima would only be seen as a 5th magnitude star.

Proxima Centauri has been the closest star to the Sun for about the last 32,000 years. Barnard's Star will make its closest approach to the Sun around AD 11,700, when it approaches to within about 3.8 light-years. However, at that time, it will _not_ be the nearest star, since Proxima Centauri will then have moved even closer to the Sun. Six stars will come closer to Earth in the next 45,000 years.

## Planetary system

In 2016, an exoplanet was found by the European Southern Observatory around Proxima Centauri, Proxima Centauri b (or Proxima b). It was found in the habitable zone, and was thought to be Earth-like, with an ESI of 0.87. While being Earth-like, it may not be habitable on the surface, since Proxima Centauri gives off strong solar flares and high solar winds, which could strip away parts of the atmosphere of the planet, making it less habitable.

In October of 2016, scientists at France's CNRS research institute said that the planet may have oceans on its surface, and a thin atmosphere. If this idea is true or not is not known.

Another planet, Proxima Centauri c, much farther out than b, was discovered in 2019. It is seven times heavier (more massive) than Earth. It is too cold to be habitable. Because it showed up brighter than expected when photos of it were taken, it may have a ring system five times wider than that of Jupiter.

## Related pages

- Alpha Centauri
- Barnard's Star
- List of nearest stars

## Other websites

- Photograph of Proxima Centauri
- O Sistema Alpha Centauri (portuguese)
San Jacinto fault

The **San Jacinto Fault Zone** is a series of faults that run through Southern California.  It is said to be a sister fault of the older, much more famous San Andreas Fault.  Some cities that are directly on the fault zone include San Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Hemet.  This fault could create a large earthquake that could greatly affect Greater Los Angeles.
Dhammapada

The **Dhammapāda** is a Buddhist scripture which includes sayings by the Gautama Buddha himself.
Chant

A **chant** is a type of song. It usually repeats, and is used in religious services around the world, as well as by many nonreligious groups.

**Chants** are also common in sport matches, usually consisting of words to do with players, football, or the team.
Habenaria mossii

***Habenaria mossii*** is a species of plant in the Orchidaceae family. It is naturally found in South Africa. Its natural habitat is mild grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Source

- Pfab, M.F. & Victor, J. 2003.  _Habenaria mossii_.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 21 August 2007.
22 (number)

**22** (**twenty-two**) is a number. It comes between twenty-one and twenty-three, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 11, and 22.

In Roman numerals, 22 is written as **XXII**.

## Infobox (number)

- **number**: 22
- **divisor**: 1, 2, 11, 22
23 (number)

**23** (**twenty-three**) is a natural number. It comes between twenty-two and twenty-four, and is an odd number.  It is also the 9th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and 19.

## Infobox (number)
Adelite

**Adelite** is a rare mineral. It is a calcium, magnesium, arsenate with chemical formula CaMgAsO<sub>4</sub>OH. Adelite was named from the Greek word for indistinct.

It can be blueish-gray, green, gray, yellow, or light green in color. It is made of crystals. Adelite is not radioactive. It is scratched easily with apatite.

The mineral was first described in 1891 in Värmland, Sweden. It can be found in Flipistad, Sweden.
The Naked Brothers Band

***The Naked Brothers Band*** is a musical comedy television series that airs on Nickelodeon created by actress Polly Draper. It stars her real-life sons Nat and Alex Wolff, real-life brothers that deal with fame and living their lives as rockstars. The show is shot in the style of a documentary, which exaggerates the real musical experiences of the brothers', who self-write all of their own music. The series started in January 2007 and ended in 2009. The show began with the pilot episode _The Naked Brothers Band: The Movie_, a low budget pretend documentary. It also has another movie, _Battle of the Bands_. The second season of the series will started in January 2008 after the premiere of the new NBB movie "Sidekicks".
Matterhorn

The **Matterhorn** (in German; ,  or _Le Cervin_) is ranked, by height, 12th  mountain in the European Alps. Its height is 4,478 metres.

The mountain is on the border between Switzerland and Italy, it towers over the Swiss village of Zermatt and the Italian village Breuil-Cervinia in the Val Tournanche. The name of the mountain comes from the German words _Matte_, meaning _valley_ or _meadow_, and _Horn_, which means _peak_.

## References

- Charles Gos, _Le Cervin_ (Attinger, 1948)
- Edward Whymper, _Scrambles Amongst the Alps_ (1871)

**Notes**

## Other websites

- Virtual ascent of the Hörnli Ridge with 360 degree panoramas
- Alpinist Magazine  Mountain Profile - Issue 16
- Matterhorn Webcams
- Matterhorn on Summitpost
- PeakWare info on Matterhorn
- Matterhorn on 4000er.de
- Walt Disney and Zermatt
- Chronology of climbs - in German
- Photo gallery dedicated to Matterhorn and surrounding nature

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Matterhorn
- **photo**: Matterhorn from Domhütte - 2.jpg
- **photo size**: 285
- **photo caption**: East and north faces of the Matterhorn
- **elevation m**: 4478
- **prominence**: 1042 m<span title="above the wind-gap"> ↓ </span>Col Durand
- **isolation**: 13.8 km<span title="to"> → </span>Liskamm-West Top
- **parent peak**: Weisshorn
- **listing**: List of Alpine four-thousanders, Alpine four-thousanders
 Great north faces of the Alps
- **translation**: Peak of the Meadows
- **range**: Pennine Alps
- **map**: Alps
- **map caption**: Location in the Alps
- **topo**: swisstopo [http://s.geo.admin.ch/3f3f65ee3 1347 Matterhorn]
- **easiest route**: Hörnli ridge (AD, rock/mixed climb)
Particle size

- Particle size (general) provides general definitions of the _particle size_ notion.
- Particle size (grain size) provides specific details for particle size of soils, powders, gravel, etc.
- Particle size distribution
Arachniodes

***Arachniodes*** is a genus of fern in family Dryopteridaceae. It has the following species (but this list may not have all species):
- _Arachniodes squamulosa_, R.C.Moran & B.Øllg.
Dryopteridaceae

The **Dryopteridaceae** is a family of ferns that can be found almost anywhere on the world.

Many are cultivated as ornamental plants.
Grain size

**Particle size**, also called **grain size**, means the diameter of individual grains of sediment, or the lithified particles in clastic rocks. The term may also be used for other granular materials.

|φ scale|Size range (metric)|Size range (approx. inches)|Aggregate name (Wentworth Class)|Other names|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|< −8|> 256 mm|> 10.1 in|Boulder||
|−6 to −8|64–256 mm|2.5–10.1 in|Cobble||
|−5 to −6|32–64 mm|1.26–2.5 in|Very coarse gravel|Pebble|
|−4 to −5|16–32 mm|0.63–1.26 in|Coarse gravel|Pebble|
|−3 to −4|8–16 mm|0.31–0.63 in|Medium gravel|Pebble|
|−2 to −3|4–8 mm|0.157–0.31 in|Fine gravel|Pebble|
|−1 to −2|2–4 mm|0.079–0.157 in|Very fine gravel|Granule|
|0 to −1|1–2 mm|0.039–0.079 in|Very coarse sand||
|1 to 0|0.5–1 mm|0.020–0.039 in|Coarse sand||
|2 to 1|0.25–0.5 mm|0.010–0.020 in|Medium sand||
|3 to 2|125–250 µm|0.0049–0.010 in|Fine sand||
|4 to 3|62.5–125 µm|0.0025–0.0049 in|Very fine sand||
|8 to 4|3.90625–62.5 µm|0.00015–0.0025 in|Silt|Mud|
|> 8|< 3.90625 µm|< 0.00015 in|Clay|Mud|
|>10|< 1 µm|< 0.000039 in|Colloid|Mud|

In some schemes "gravel" is anything larger than sand (>2.0 mm), and includes "granule", "pebble", "cobble", and "boulder" in the above table. In this scheme, "pebble" covers the size range 4 to 64 mm (−2 to −6 φ).

## References

- W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition (Freeman, San Francisco, 1963).
- J A Udden, Mechanical composition of clastic sediments, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 25, 655-744 (1914).
- C K Wentworth, A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments, J. Geology V. 30, 377-392 (1922).
Rock flour

**Rock flour**, or **glacial flour**, is a kind of flour which consists of clay-sized particles of rock, generated by glacial erosion or by artificial grinding to a similar size. Because the material is very small, it is suspended in river water making the water appear cloudy. If the river flows into a glacial lake, the lake may appear turquoise in color as a result.  Examples of this are Lake Louise, Canada and Gjende lake in Norway.

## Agricultural use

Some agronomists believe that rock flour has a powerful effect in restoring trace minerals to soil. An early experimeter was the German miller Julius Hensel, author of _Bread from Stones_, who reported successful results with _steinmehl_ (stonemeal) in the 1890s. His ideas were not taken up through technical limitations and, according to proponents of his method, opposition from the champions of conventional fertilisers.

## Other websites

- On a Fad Diet of Rock Dust, How the Garden Does Grow  Henry Homeyer, June 24, 2004, _New York Times_.
- Remineralize the Earth - "non-profit organization incorporated to disseminate ideas and practice about soil remineralization".
- Soil remineralization: a future market for aggregate industry fines , Robert J. Able, June 1995, _Pit & Quarry_.
- Julius Hensel
- Downloadable document on co-utilisation of mineral fines and composts
Virginia opossum

The **Virginia opossum** (_Didelphis virginiana_) is the only species of North American marsupial. It is sometimes called a possum, but that refers more correctly to a group of Australian marsupials.

## Description

An opossum is about the size of a house cat. It has grizzled white and gray fur. Adult opossums weigh about 2-6 kg (4-14 lbs). They live alone, are active at night, and they are good climbers.

## Habitat

People can find this opossum in the eastern United States, and along the west coast from British Columbia and to Baja California.  They like to live in forests, brushy areas, and farmland.
Motor ship

A **motor ship** is a ship moved through water by an engine, usually a diesel engine. The name of motor ships are often prefixed with **MS** or **M/S**.
24 (number)

**24** (**twenty-four**) is a number. It comes between twenty-three and twenty-five, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24.

_24_ is also the name of a popular television show in the United States.

## Infobox (number)
25 (number)

**25** (**twenty-five**) is a number. It comes between twenty-four and twenty-six, and is an odd number.  It is also the 5th square number, after 1, 4, 9, and 16.

## Infobox (number)
Passo de Camaragibe

**Passo de Camaragibe** is a municipality in Brazil. It is on the northern coast of the Brazilian state of Alagoas. About 13,544 people live there (2005). Its area is .
Radlin

**Radlin** is a town in Wodzisław County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, with about 17,673 people (2004).

## Sports

- Górnik Radlin - men's volleyball team playing in Polish Volleyball League (Polska Liga Siatkówki, PLS: Seria B in 2003/2004, Seria A in 2004/2005 season).
Particle size (general)

The term **particle size** is used to compare dimensions of different small material objects.

Larger objects are usually called stone, rock, a piece of something, etc. The term _particle_ indicates small size, usually less than centimeter. Particle might be either solid, or liquid, or even gas. Liquid particles are called _droplets_. Gaseous particles are _bubbles_. All of them can be characterised in terms of size.

- Particle size of spherical object equals to its diameter.

But a typical material object is likely to be irregular in shape. This causes ambiguity in definition of _particle size_. Existing definitions are based on replacent of a given particle with imaginary sphere that has one of the properties identical with the particle.
- **Volume based particle size** equals to the diameter of the sphere that has same volume as a given particle;
- **Weight based particle size** equals to the diameter of the sphere that has same weight as a given particle;
- **Area based particle size** equals to the diameter of the sphere that has the same surface area as a given particle;
- **Hydrodynamic particle size** equals to the diameter of the sphere that has the same drag coefficient as a given particle;

## Related pages

- Particle size (grain size)
Admontite

**Admontite** is a mineral that is colorless in color and is made of crystals.  It is named for Admont, Austria, which is where they found the first example of it.  They found the first example of it in a gypsum deposit.  Gypsum and calcite both easily scratch this mineral, and it easily breaks as well.  Admontite is not radioactive. Admontite is not edible.
Hydrology

**Hydrology**  is the study of movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the Earth. A person who studies hydrology is called a **hydrologist**.

The central theme of hydrology is how the water circulates. This is called the water cycle. The most vivid illustration of it is the water evaporation from the ocean with the formation of clouds. These clouds drift over the land and produce rain.

## Related pages

- Civil engineering
- Climatology
- Hydraulics
- Hydrography
Semicircle

In geometry, a **semicircle** is a two-dimensional geometric shape that forms half of a circle. Being half of a circle's 360° (360 degrees), the arc of a semicircle always measures 180°. A triangle inscribed in a semicircle is always a right triangle.

## Other websites

- Semicircle - Mathworld
Hurricane Camille

**Hurricane Camille** was the third named storm and second hurricane of the 1969 Atlantic hurricane season. Camille was the second of three Category 5 hurricanes to make landfall in the United States during the 20th century, which it did near the mouth of the Mississippi River on the night of August 17, resulting in catastrophic damage.

The storm formed on August 14 and rapidly deepened. It scraped the western edge of Cuba at Category 3 strength. Camille strengthened further over the Gulf of Mexico and made landfall with a pressure of 900 mbar (hPa), estimated sustained winds of 200;mph (305 km/h), and a peak storm surge of 24 feet (7.3 m); by maximum sustained wind speeds, Camille was the strongest landfalling tropical cyclone recorded worldwide, and one of only four tropical cyclones worldwide ever to achieve wind speeds of 190 mph. The hurricane flattened nearly everything along the coast of the U.S. state of Mississippi, and caused additional flooding and deaths inland while crossing the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia. In total, Camille killed 259 people and caused $1.42 billion (1969 USD, $9.14 billion 2005 USD) in damages.

## Other websites

- Harrison County Library's Camille Page
- Thirty Years After Hurricane Camille: Lessons Learned, Lessons Lost , Roger A. Pielke, Jr., Chantal Simonpietri, and Jennifer Oxelson, July 12, 1999.
- "Roar Of The Heavens: Surving Hurricane Camille," Stefan Bechtel (Citadel Press, 2006)
- Track of Camille's eye at landfall
- Storm surge profile
- Post-Storm Report on Camille
- The story of Harbour Oaks Inn
- Radar image of Camille

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Camille
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 1969
- **basin**: Atl
- **track**: Camille-aug16.jpg
- **formed**: August 14, 1969
- **dissipated**: August 22, 1969
- **1-min winds**: 150
- **pressure**: 900
- **damages**: 1420
- **inflated**: 0
- **deaths**: 259 direct
- **areas**: Cuba, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Southern United States, East-Central United States
- **hurricane season**: 1969 Atlantic hurricane season
1935 Labor Day hurricane

The **Labor Day Hurricane of 1935** was the strongest tropical cyclone during the 1935 Atlantic hurricane season. The second tropical cyclone, second hurricane, and second intense hurricane of the season was the most intense Atlantic hurricane that affected the United States, and it remains the first of three Category 5 hurricanes that struck the country. After forming as a weak tropical storm east of the Bahamas on August 29, it slowly proceeded westward, became a hurricane on September 1, and underwent rapid intensification prior to striking the upper Florida Keys on September 2. After landfall at its peak intensity, it continued northwest along the Florida west coast, and it weakened prior to landfall near Cedar Key on September 4.

The large and strong hurricane caused severe damage in the upper Florida Keys, and a storm surge about 18 to 20 feet affected the region. The hurricane's strong winds destroyed most of the buildings in the Islamorada area, and many World War I veteran workers were killed by the storm surge. Portions of the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railroad were severely damaged or destroyed. The hurricane also caused additional damage in northwest Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas. In total, more than 400 people were killed.

## Other websites

- Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
    - Excerpts from the Labor Day 1935 Hurricane Monthly Weather Review Article
- Images of historic Florida Hurricanes (State Archives of Florida)
- Florida Keys History Museum
    - Key West Memorial
    - Hurricanes history
- Major Daniel C. Main killed in Hurricane
- Monroe County listings at National Register of Historic Places
- Florida Keys Memorial  at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
- List of 56 victims

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Labor Day Hurricane of 1935
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 1935
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Labor Day hurricane weather analysis (Enlarged), Sep 2, 1935.jpg
- **caption**: Weather map of the hurricane on September 2
- **formed**: August 29, 1935
- **dissipated**: September 10, 1935
- **1-min winds**: 140
- **pressure**: 892
- **damages**: 6
- **inflated**: 0
- **deaths**: 408–600 direct
- **areas**: Bahamas, Florida, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia
- **hurricane season**: 1935 Atlantic hurricane season
Vahan Totovents

**Vahan Hovhannesi Totovents** (; September 1, 1889 - July 18, 1938) was an Armenian writer, poet and public activist.

## Biography

Vahan Totovents was born in Mezire, Western Armenia (modern Turkey). He studied in Armenia and Istanbul, then at Wisconsin University which he finished in 1915.

He was a volunteer in the Caucasian front during World War I, and served as the bodyguard and translator for the secretary of General Andranik Ozanian, about whom he wrote memoires and published them in 1920. In Tbilisi Totovents edited the "Hayastan" paper, the official organ of Andranik.

Since 1922 he lived in Yerevan, Soviet Armenia. In 1938 he became a victim of Stalinism.

## Works

The works of Totovents were published from 1907. He is the author of "Doctor Burbonian" (1918), "Death battalion" (1923), "New York" (1927), "Baku" (v. 1-3, 1930-34), "Jonathan, Son of Jeremiah" novels, stories and dramas. He influenced to Armenian literature especially by his "Life on the Old Roman Road" autobiographical novel (1930, "A piece of sky" film by Henrik Malian) which "reflect the society, culture, and mores not only of the Armenians of his childhood but also of their neighbors in the waning days of the Ottoman Empire".

## Other websites

- Vahan Totovents (1893-1938)  Présentation de ses mémoires sur le Général Antranik (in French)
- Totovents at Amazon.com
Leonid Azkaldian

**Leonid Azkaldian** (; November 22, 1942 in Tbilisi – June 21, 1992 in Martakert) was an Armenian physicist and one of the founders and the commander of "Liberation Army" military organization.

## Biography

Leonid Azkaldian was born on November 22, 1942, in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR. In 1959, he graduated from Askanaz Mravyan school and in 1960, he was admitted into Physics Department of Moscow State University. He later transferred and graduated with honors from the same department of Yerevan State University. After graduation, he worked in many spheres in national economy of USSR.

Leonid Azkaldian was one of the creators of Karabakh movement and a military leader. From February of 1990, he planned and organized the defense of several regions of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh (a part of Azerbaijan). In June, 1991, with Hovsep Hovsepyan co-founded and commanded the "Liberation army" military organization whose goal was to preserve the self-determination and defense of the local Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh. He was killed in 21 June, 1992 in the Tonashen village of Martakert region of occupied Nagorno-Karabakh. After his death, he was awarded with the Order of the Combat Cross of the First Degree.

## Other websites

- Leonid Azkaldian
Central United States

The **Central United States** is sometimes conceived as between the Eastern United States and Western United States as part of a three-region model, roughly coincident with the Midwestern United States plus the western and central portions of the Southern United States; the term is also sometimes used more or less as a synonym for the Midwest, leaving out all or most of the South.

The Census Bureau does not provide a standard definition of "Central" region of the United States, and organizations that need to subdivide the US are free to define a "Central" region to fit their needs.

## References and other websites

- Central Time Zone Midwest minus OH, MI, most of Indiana (seasonal), and westernmost fringes of Plains states; plus South minus South Atlantic states, eastern KY, eastern TN, but western FL is included.
- YPO  Only 6 central states of the Midwest, plus KY
- CERI  All of Midwest and South including MD, DE
- NOAA Midwest minus OH, plus KY, CO, WY
- HSUS  Midwest minus ND, SD, KS, plus KY
- USGS  West North Central States, South Central United States, 4 eastern Mountain States
- Adventure Camp  Midwest plus South minus Atlantic states, AL, WV
Meridian, Mississippi

**Meridian** is the county seat and the most populous city of Lauderdale County in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is the eighth most populous city in the state (after Jackson, Gulfport, Southaven, Biloxi, Hattiesburg, Olive Branch and Tupelo) and the principal city of the Meridian, Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area. it serves as a hub for the Eastern Mississippi region. The population was 35,052 at the 2020 census.  Many people moved there for a short time after Hurricane Katrina.

## Other websites

- City of Meridian website
- The Meridian Star Newspaper
- History of Meridian's Jewish community
- MeridianOnline.info

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Meridian, Mississippi
- **settlement type**: City and county seat
- **nickname**: Queen City
- **motto**: "A Better Longitude On Life"
- **image skyline**: Meridian December 2018 18 (6th Street).jpg
- **image caption**: A view of 6th Street in Downtown Meridian
- **image map**: Lauderdale_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Meridian_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Meridian in Lauderdale County
- **map caption1**: Interactive map of Meridian
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Mississippi, County
- **subdivision name2**: Lauderdale County, Mississippi, Lauderdale
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title**: Municipal incorporation, Incorporated
- **area total sq mi**: 54.51
- **area total km2**: 141.17
- **area land sq mi**: 53.74
- **area land km2**: 139.19
- **area water sq mi**: 0.76
- **area water km2**: 1.98
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 35052
- **population metro**: 88599
- **population density km2**: 251.83
- **population density sq mi**: 652.24
- **population rank**: 7th in Mississippi
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: Central Time Zone (North America), CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation m**: 105
- **elevation ft**: 344
- **postal code type**: ZIP code, ZIP code(s)
- **postal code**: 39301-39307
- **area code**: Area code 601, 601
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 28-46640
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0673491
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Hydrometeorological Prediction Center

The **Hydrometeorological Prediction Center** (a.k.a. **HPC**) is one of nine Service Centers that are part of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), which is part of the National Weather Service, which in turn is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. government.

The HPC serves as a center of excellence in Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting, Medium Range Forecasting (three to seven days) and the interpretation of numerical weather prediction models.

The HPC issues storm summaries on storm systems bringing significant rainfall and snowfall to portions of the United States. Advisories are also issued for tropical cyclones which have moved inland and are no longer the responsibility of the National Hurricane Center. The HPC also acts as the backup office to the National Hurricane Center in the event of a complete communications failure.

The HPC was created in October 1995, when the former National Meteorological Center was reorganised into the NCEP. It is based at the World Weather Building in Camp Springs, Maryland, along with a few of the other National Centers such as the Climate Prediction Center (CPC), the Ocean Prediction Center (OPC), and the Environmental Modeling Center (EMC).

## Other websites

- Official website
Côte-Nord

**Côte-Nord** (French for "Northern Coast", area 234,000 km², or 90,500 sq mi) is the second largest administrative region by land area in Quebec, Canada. It covers much of the northern shore of the Saint Lawrence River's estuary and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence past Tadoussac. At the 2021 census it had a resident population of 88,525 people.

## Other websites

- Côte-Nord Tourism

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Côte-Nord
- **settlement type**: Region
- **motto**: Entre nature et démesure (French language, French)
_Between nature and grandeur_
- **image map**: Côte-Nord in Quebec.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Côte-Nord in Quebec
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **area land km2**: 234,442.27
- **population total**: 88,525
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian Census, 2021
- **population density km2**: 0.4
- **timezone link**: Time in Canada
- **timezone1 location**: Minganie Regional County Municipality, Minganie and West of 63rd meridian west
- **timezone1**: Eastern Standard Time, EST
- **utc offset1**: -05:00
- **timezone1 dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -04:00
- **timezone2 location**: East of 63rd meridian west, except Minganie Regional County Municipality, Minganie
- **timezone2**: Atlantic Standard Time, AST
- **utc offset2**: -04:00
Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean

**Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean** is a region in Quebec, Canada.

## Other websites

- Tourism Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean
- **settlement type**: Région
- **image flag**: Flag of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean.svg
- **flag size**: 125px
- **image map**: Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean in Quebec.svg
- **map caption**: Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean's location in comparison to the whole Canadian province of Quebec.
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Canada, Province
- **area total km2**: 95,542.70
- **population total**: 275,552
- **population as of**: Canada 2021 Census, 2021
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana

**Plaquemines Parish** (Cajun French: _Paroisse Plaquemine_) is the parish with the biggest combined land and water area in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The parish seat is Pointe à la Hache. As of 2020, the parish's population was 23,515.

The name is pronounced  (transcription in IPA).

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Plaquemines Parish
- **state**: Louisiana
- **type**: List of parishes in Louisiana, Parish
- **flag**: Flag of Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana.svg
- **seat wl**: Pointe à la Hache
- **largest city wl**: Belle Chasse
- **area total km2**: 6649
- **area land km2**: 2021
- **area water km2**: 4628
- **area percentage**: 69.6
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 23515
- **population density sq mi**: 30.1
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: plaqueminesparish.com
- **founded**: 1807
- **named for**: Louisiana French word for persimmons
- **ex image**: Plaquemines Courthouse March 2012.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Plaquemines Parish Courthouse
- **district**: 1st
Naiad (moon)

|align="left"|Discovered by|
| --- | --- |
|Voyager Imaging Team||
|September 1989||
|colspan="2"|<small>Epoch 18 August  1989 </small>|
|48 227 ± 1 km||
|0.0004 ± 0.0003||
|0.2943958 ± 0.0000002 d||
|4.75 ± 0.03°  (to Neptune equator) 4.75° (to local Laplace plane)||
|Neptune||
|96×60×52 km||
|~1.9 kg (based on assumed density)||
|~1.2 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (estimate)||
|assumed synchronous||
|~zero presumably||
|0.07||
|~51 K mean (estimate)||
|none||

**Naiad** or **Neptune III** is the closest moon to Neptune named after the Naiads of Greek legend. It was found sometime before mid-September, 1989 from the images taken by the _Voyager 2_ probe. The last moon to be discovered during the flyby, it was designated **S/1989 N 6**. Naiad is not a sphere and probably has not been changed by any internal geological processes after its formation. It orbits about 23,500 km above Neptune's cloud tops.

Since the _Voyager 2_ flyby, the Neptune system has been studied a lot from ground-based observatories and the Hubble Space Telescope as well. In 2002-03, Keck telescope looked at the system using adaptive optics and detected easily the biggest four closer satellites. Thalassa was found with some image processing, but Naiad was not located.

## Other websites

- Naiad Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
Tamsui District

**Tamsui District** (Chinese: 淡水鎮, Taiwanese: Tām-súi/Tām-chúi, Tongyong Pinyin: Danshuei, Hanyu Pinyin: Danshui) is a sea-side town in Taipei County, Taiwan. The town has a population of 130,105 people. It is named after a river whose name means "Freshwater". The town is also popular as a site for viewing the sun setting into the Taiwan Strait. There are three universities in this town.
Lovisa Aarberg

**Lovisa Aarberg** _(from 1803 -1866)_ was a Swedish surgeon and doctor.

She and Kisamor were the first female doctors in Sweden. She was a doctor and a surgeon long before it was permitted for women. In Sweden, her name is spelled as Lovisa Årberg, and she was often called _Jungfru Årberg_, which means "Maiden Årberg" in English.

## Personal life

Lovisa Årberg was born in Uppsala. Her mother often nursed sick people, and when Lovisa was a child, she followed her mother to the hospitals. She learned a lot about sickness and medicine and how to cure and nurse sick people, and often helped people she knew when they were sick.

## Career

When she was an adult, she moved to Stockholm and became a maid. People had heard that she was good at helping sick people, and often came and asked her for help. Soon, even rich people started to ask her for help. The paid her money when she cured them, so she could stop being a maid and could start to work as a doctor instead. Lovisa then opened her own clinic and started to work as a doctor and a surgeon.

She opened her clinic and started to work as a doctor in the 1820s. In the 1820s, it was forbidden for a woman to work as a doctor. The male doctors did not like that a woman worked as a doctor, and the government was worried that she might hurt her patients as she had never learned medicine at a university. But when they examined her, they found out that she was a very good doctor, and that she had all the knowledge that the male doctors had.

So instead, they gave her a medal and special permission to work as a surgeon and a doctor. She continued to work as a doctor for forty years, until the 1860s. She gave treatment to poor people, even when they did not have the money to pay her. She was a popular doctor, and many people asked her for help. She worked very hard until she became unhealthy, so she often had to take time to rest.

## References

- https://runeberg.org/sqvinnor/0449.html
Kisamor

**Kisamor**, (1788-1842), was a famous female doctor in Sweden. Her real name was Maria Jansson, but she was always called Kisamor. Kisamor means "The Mother in Kisa" in English, and Kisa was the place were she worked. She was a doctor before it was allowed for a woman to be a doctor, and she is the most famous woman doctor in Sweden in the 19th century.

She was born in Örebro. Her father was a doctor in natural medicine, and she wanted to become one too. But her father wouldn't let her. Instead, her forced her to marry a farmer. The marriage became unhappy, and she divorced her husband.

She often visited sick people and worked as a doctor in natural medicine. One day, she was given a house in Östergötland as a gift by some rich women after she had made them well after sickness. She visited the sick in their cottages, and sometimes they came to her in the inn called Kisa, and therefore, she was called "The Mother in Kisa".

She became famous, and people came to her from all over the country to ask her for help. In 1825, she was given special permission to work as a doctor, even though it was forbidden for a woman to work as a doctor.

## Related pages

- Lovisa Aarberg

## Sources

- Österberg, Carin et al., _Svenska kvinnor: föregångare, nyskapare_. Lund: Signum 1990. ()
- http://art-bin.com/art/akisamo.html

## Other websites

- http://art-bin.com/art/akisamen.html
Amalia Lindegren

**Amalia Euphrosyne Lindegren** (22 May 1814 – 27 December 1891) was a famous Swedish painter.

## Life

She became an orphan when her mother died in 1817. Then, she was adopted by the widow of Benjamin Sandel. Benjamin Sandel is thought to have been her real father.

Amalia liked to draw and wanted to become an artist. When the artist Qvarnström saw her drawings, he got her a permission to study art at the Swedish Academy of Arts in 1849. They thought she was very promising and had great talent. In 1850, she became the first woman who got a scholarship by the Academy to study art in Paris.

In 1856, she was elected to become a member in to the Swedish Academy of Arts. She showed people her paintings in the exhibitions in Paris in 1867, Philadelphia in 1876, and in Chicago in 1893.

## Related pages

- Lea Ahlborn
- Düsseldorf school of painting

## Sources

- Österberg, Carin et al., _Svenska kvinnor: föregångare, nyskapare_. Lund: Signum 1990. ()
Thalassa (moon)

|bgcolor="#a0ffa0" colspan="2"|Discovery|
| --- | --- |
|bgcolor="#000000" colspan="2" align="center"|<span style="color:white"><small>Naiad or Thalassa as seen by Voyager 2 (smearing has caused excessive elongation)</small></span>|
|Richard J. Terrile and Voyager Imaging Team||
|September 1989||
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|<small>Epoch 18 August  1989 </small>|
|50 075 ± 1 km||
|0.0002 ± 0.0002||
|0.31148444 ± 0.00000006 d||
|0.21 ± 0.02°  (to Neptune equator) 0.21° (to local Laplace plane)||
|Neptune||
|108×100×52 km||
|~3.5 kg (based on assumed density)||
|~1.2 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (estimate)||
|assumed synchronous||
|~zero presumably||
|0.09||
|~51 K mean (estimate)||
|none||

**Thalassa** or **Neptune IV**, is the second closest moon to Neptune. It was named after a daughter of Aether and Hemera from Greek mythology.
"Thalassa" is also the Greek word for "sea".

Thalassa was discovered sometime before mid-September, 1989 from the images taken by the _Voyager 2_ probe. It was given the designation **S/1989 N 5**. The discovery was said (IAUC 4867) on September 29, 1989, but the text only talks of "25 frames taken over 11 days", giving a discovery date of sometime before September 18. The name was given on 16 September 1991.

Thalassa is not a sphere and shows no sign of any geological changes. Unusually for a non-spherical moon, it appears to be oddly shaped not able to be explained.

## Other websites

- Thalassa Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
Bayerischer Rundfunk

**Bayerischer Rundfunk** is the main German radio and television broadcasting company for Bavaria. It is a member of the ARD public broadcasting group.

It includes the following broadcasting services:

the **radio stations**
- Bayern 1
- Bayern 2
- Bayern 3
- BR-Klassik
- BR Schlager
- BR24
- BR24live
and the **TV channels**
- BR Fernsehen
- ARD-Alpha
Disorder

**Disorder** may mean

1. Disorder (medicine): a functional abnormality in a person's body.
1. Mental disorder: a psychological pattern with distress or disability which occurs in a person and is not a part of normal development or culture.
1. Civil disorder: disturbances caused in public places.
1. Lawlessness: general lack of law enforcement.
1. Randomness as opposed to order
Asian elephant

The **Asian elephant** (_Elephas maximus_) is the elephant species living in Asia. They are more easily tamed than larger African elephants. People have used them as working animals for hundreds of years.

The Asian elephant is mostly found in parts of India and nearby countries.

## Description

Asian elephants are different from African elephants. They are smaller, have smaller ears, short legs, a more rounded back, and a fourth toenail on each of their back feet. They have thick, dry skin with a small amount of stiff hair, and are grey to brown in colour. Male Asian elephants have small tusks and female Asian elephants have no tusks. Sometimes pink spots appear on the ears as a result of loss of pigment.

Asian elephants eat grass, hay, twigs, bark and fruits. It can live up to 60 to 80 years. It can weigh up to 5000kg and be up to 300cm tall. It takes up to 660 days or 22 months until the babies are born.

## Distribution

Asian elephants live across many parts of India and Sri Lanka. They also live as far east as Sumatra, Indonesia. These three areas have subspecies that are slightly different.

## Habitat

Asian elephants are spread over areas with very different amounts of rain. They can survive in dry places where less than 40cm of rain falls per year, and in wet areas where over 8 meters of rain fall in a year.
Karolina Bock

**Karolina Sofia Bock**, (1792-1872), was a Swedish dancer, actor and singer. She also became principal for the famous theatre-school, Dramatens elevskola.

## Birth

Karolina Bock was born as Karolina Richter. She was a student at the theatrical school Dramatens elevskola in Stockholm between 1806 and 1809, were she was instructed by the principal Sofia Lovisa Gråå. Many of the girls graduating from the school between 1804 and 1812, when Gråå was principal, became famous in Sweden, and were called "the girls of Gråå".

## Works

Karolina worked at the theatres Djurgårdsteatern and Nya Komiska Teatern before she was hired at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in 1814. She worked there for fifty years, and became one of the most popular actors there. But she never became a star because of the parts she played; she always played old women in comedys, never heroines and main parts. She was very well used and never lacked parts to play, but she was not given main parts. It was said, that she had a rare quality; she knew her limitations.

Her most popular parts were in the plays _Min tante Aurore_, _Bildhuggaren_, _Brodertvisten_, _Syrsan_, _Preciosa_, _Jane Eyre_ and _Mäster Smith_.

She was principal for Dramatens elevskola two times; the first time from 1831 to 1834, and the second time from 1841 to 1856. She was also teatcher in declamation there. She was the third woman to be principal for the famous school. Anne Marie Milan Desguillons had ben the first in 1793-1800, but she was principal together with her husband. Sofia Lovisa Gråå had ben the first woman who was principal of this school alone, and she was principal in 1804-1812. Karolina Bock was a good teacher, but unlike her own teacher, Sofia Lovisa Gråå, she was very strict and firm with her students, so strict that her students rebelled and had her deposed from her position as principal. But she continued to work as an actor until 1863.

## Mariage

Karolina Bock was married two times. In 1813, she married J.G. Svanberg, who played violin in the royal chapel, and in 1826 she married K.F. Bock, who played the flute in the royal chapel. She had a daughter, Bertha Tammelin, who became an actor, singer, composer, musician and a teacher at Dramatens elevskola.

Karolina Bock was rewarded with the medal Litteris et Artibus in 1857.

## Sources

- Nordisk familjebok
- Österberg, Carin et al., _Svenska kvinnor: föregångare, nyskapare_. Lund: Signum 1990. ()
- https://runeberg.org/sqvinnor/0054.html
Lea Ahlborn

**Lea Fredrika Ahlborn** (_née_ **Lundgren**) (18 February 1826 – 13 November 1897) was a famous Swedish artist. She was a member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Arts, and the first woman to be appointed royal printmaker. The position of royal printmaker also made her the first female official in Sweden.

## Life

She was daughter to Ludvig Lundgren, who was a printmaker, and she early decided, that she wanted to become a printmaker too. In 1849, she, as well as Amalia Lindegren and Agnes Börjesson, became one of the four women who were given permission to study art at the Swedish Royal Academy of Arts.

In 1851, she made a study-trip to Paris with her teacher Carl Gustaf Qvarnström and her brother Pehr Henrik.

In 1855, she was appointed royal printmaker, and was also elected as a member in the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts. She kept herself updated in everything regarding her work, and was given assignments from the Swedish Academy, the science academy and the royal academy Pro Patria. She made the medal-portraits to the celebration of the anniversary of the king and queen, and she was hired by the US government to make the medal of George Washington at the centenary (hundred years anniversary) of the end of the American War for Independence in 1883. In 1892, she was given the medal _Illis Quorum_ by the king.

## Family

Her sister, Carolina Weidenhayn, (1822-1902), became the first professional female xylographer, who after she studied in Paris 1858-1867, became an instructor at the great technical school Tekniska Skolan in 1859-1881.

## Sources

- Österberg, Carin et al., _Svenska kvinnor: föregångare, nyskapare_. Lund: Signum 1990. ()
Hedda Hjortsberg

**Hedda (Hedvig Katarina) Hjortsberg**, (1777-1867), was a Swedish ballerina. She was the sister of Swedish actor Lars Hjortsberg. She became a student of the French ballet-master Louis Gallodier in 1786, at the age of nine. Between 1791 and 1806 she was a premier-dancer at the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm. She danced the parts of Lucile in the pantomime ballet _Det dubbla giftermålet_ by Jean Marcadet in the 1790-1719 season, Leonore in _Enleveringen_ by Louis Deland, and Diana in _Diana och Kärleken_ by Deland in 1800-1801. She also performed the part of Venus in _Venus och Adonis_ by Deland in 1801-1802, and Frosine in _Dansvurmen_ by Gardel in 1803-1804. When the Opera was opened again in 1809 after it had been closed since 1806, she performed with her five year old daughter in _Dansvurmen_.  Hjortsberg married the businessman Erik Samuel Koersner in 1804, and Abraham Hülphers in 1811, and after that, she danced only as a guest-artist.

## Sources

- https://runeberg.org/sbh/a0501.html
- Georg Nordensvan, "Svensk teater och svenska skådespelare från Gustav III till våra dagar; Första bandet, 1842-1772"
- Kungliga teaterns repertoar 1773-1973".
Despina (moon)

|style="background:#a0ffa0" colspan="2"|Discovery|
| --- | --- |
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller; color:white; background:#000000"|Despina as seen by Voyager 2 (smeared horizontally)|
|Stephen P. Synnott||
|July 1989||
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"|Epoch 18 August 1989|
|52 526 ± 1 km||
|0.0002 ± 0.0002||
|0.33465551 ± 0.00000001 d||
|0.216 ± 0.014°  (to Neptune equator) 0.06° (to local Laplace plane)||
|Neptune||
|180×150×130 km||
|~2.1 kg (based on assumed density)||
|~1.2 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (estimate)||
|assumed synchronous||
|~zero presumably||
|0.09||
|~51 K mean (estimate)||
|none||
**Despina** or **Neptune V** is the third closest moon to Neptune. It is named after Despina, a nymph who was a daughter of Poseidon.

Despina was found in late July 1989 from the images taken by the _Voyager 2_ probe. It was given the designation **S/1989 N 3**.

Despina is not a sphere and shows no sign of any geological changes.

## Other websites

- Despina Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration