juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Gave de Pau

The **Gave de Pau** is a river of south-western France. It is a left tributary of the Adour river.

It takes its name from the city Pau, through which it flows. The word **gave** is a name given to rivers on the mountains in regions of the western Pyrenees; so, Gave de Pau means "the river of Pau" or "the river that flows through Pau". Many other rivers in the region have the word _gave_ as part of their names.

## Geography

The Gave de Pau has a length of about , including the _Gave de Gavarnie_, and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Bérenx, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department.

**Average monthly discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) at Bérenx**

### Course

The Gave de Pau starts in the Cirque de Gavarnie, in the _Parc national des Pyrénées_ ("Pyrénées National Park"), in the _commune_ of Gavarnie, Hautes-Pyrénées department, at an altitude of about . The upper part of the river is known as _Gave de Gavarnie_; the name _Gave de Pau_ is given to the river after the Gave de Gavarnie joins the Bastan river at Luz-Saint-Sauveur.

The Gave de Pau receives its main tributary, the Gave d'Oloron, in Peyrehorade and, from there, it is named as _Gaves Réunis_ (United Gaves). Finally, it flows, as a left tributary, into the river Adour in the Landes department, at about  of altitude.

The Gave de Pau flows through 90 _communes_. It passes through the following regions, departments and _communes_:

- Occitanie region
    - Hautes-Pyrénées: Gavarnie, Luz-Saint-Sauveur, Pierrefitte-Nestalas, Argelès-Gazost, Lourdes, Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre
- Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
    - Pyrénées-Atlantiques: Lestelle-Bétharram, Coarraze, Nay, Pau, Artix, Orthez
    - Landes: Labatut

## Main tributaries

The tributaries of Gave de Pau with a length greater than  are:
- Left tributaries
    - Ouzom - 33.2 km;
    - Baïse - 40.6 km;
    - Gave d'Azun - 29.1 km;
    - Laâ - 29.5 km;
- Right tributaries
    - Ousse - 42.4 km;
    - Ousse des Bois - 32.3 km;
    - Gave d'Oloron - 148.2 km;

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France

## Other websites

- Banque Hydro - Station Q5501010 - Le Gave de Pau à Berenx

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Gave de Pau
- **image**: Orthez Pont.JPG
- **image caption**: Gave de Pau in Orthez
- **map**: Gave de Pau.png
- **source1 location**: Pyrenees
- **mouth location**: Gaves réunis
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: France
Virgin Australia

**Virgin Australia** is a large Australian airline. It started in 2000. From 2000 until 2011, the airline was called _Virgin Blue_. Virgin Australia flies as both a full-service airline and a low-cost airline, like Ryanair or Southwest Airlines. As of 2016, the airline has a fleet of 108 airplanes and flies to Australia, Fiji, Indonesia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, the United States, the United Arab Emirates and Vanuatu. Virgin Australia is Australia's second largest airline. It is the main competitor for Jetstar Airways and Qantas. In 2014, Virgin Australia bought Tigerair Australia. Virgin Australia became bankrupt in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic and was bought by Bain Capital in June 2020.

## References

**Notes**

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Virgin Australia
- **logo**: Virgin-logo.svg
- **fleet size**: 101
- **destinations**: 52
- **iata**: VA
- **icao**: VOZ
- **callsign**: VELOCITY
- **parent**: Virgin Australia Holdings
- **company slogan**: _This is how we fly_
- **founded**: 1999 (as Virgin Blue)
- **commenced**: 31 August 2000
- **headquarters**: Bowen Hills, Brisbane
- **key people**: <div>
*John Borghetti (CEO)
*Richard Branson (co-founder)
*Brett Godfrey (co-founder and former CEO)
</div>
- **hubs**: <div>
*Auckland Airport
*Brisbane Airport
*Melbourne Airport
*Sydney Airport
</div>
- **focus cities**: <div>
*Adelaide Airport
*Gold Coast Airport
*Perth Airport
</div>
- **frequent flyer**: Velocity Frequent Flyer
- **revenue**: A$4.7 billion (2015)
- **operating income**: A-$49 million (2015)
- **assets**: A$5.8 billion (2015)
- **equity**: A$1 billion (2015)
Maiduguri

**Maiduguri**, also called **Yerwa**, is the capital and the largest city of Borno State in north-eastern Nigeria. As of 2007, 1,197,497 people live in the city. Maiduguri was founded in 1907 as a military outpost by the British. The Islamist group Boko Haram was founded in Maiduguri in 2002. Since it began its insurgency in 2009, the city has been target of many terrorist attacks by the group.
Atlit Yam

**Atlit Yam** is an ancient neolithic village off of the coast of Atlit, Israel.

A study by Maria Pareschi of the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Pisa says that a volcanic collapse of Mount Etna's Eastern flank which happened 8,500 years ago likely caused a 10-storey (40 m or 131 ft) megatsunami that hit and engulfed some of the Mediterranean coastal cities within hours. Scientists point to the sudden abandonment of the village around the same time as more evidence that the tsunami happened.

A stone semicircle was found which contains seven 600-kilogram (1,320 lb) megaliths. There are cup marks carved into the stones and the stones are around a freshwater spring. It is suggested that it was used for a water ritual. In 2008, there were skeletons of a woman and child found, which revealed the earliest known cases of tuberculosis.
Red Red Wine

"**Red Red Wine**" is a pop ballad. It was originally recorded by Neil Diamond. His version reached #62 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 in 1968. The single is about a person drinking red wine to forget his problems.

The song was covered by UB40 in August 1983. It peaked at #1 in 1984 in United Kingdom and at #34 in the United States.

It was released again in 1988 in the United States. That time, it hit #1.
Mace Windu

**Mace Windu**  is a fictional character in the Star Wars series.
He was  portrayed by Samuel L. Jackson as a Jedi Master in the prequel movies. He was Master of the High Council of the Jedi in episodes I to III. He appears in _Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace_, _Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones_, and _Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith_. He also appears in the computer and television versions of the movies.

In  _Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith_, Windu is betrayed by Anakin Skywalker, and killed by Supreme Chancellor Palpatine.
Aer Lingus

**Aer Lingus** is Ireland's national airline. It is the second largest Irish airline after its main competitor, Ryanair. _Aer Lingus_ means _Air Fleet_ in the Celtic languages.

The airline began flying in April 1936. At that time, it had only one aircraft. It flew between Dublin and Bristol. As of 2015, the airline has almost 50 airplanes. It flies to about 70 airports in Europe and North America.

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Aer Lingus
- **image**:
- **iata**: EI
- **icao**: EIN
- **callsign**: SHAMROCK
- **hubs**: Dublin
- **frequent flyer**: AerClub
- **parent**: International Airlines Group
No Pads, No Helmets...Just Balls

***No Pads, No Helmets...Just Balls*** is the first studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. _No Pads, No Helmets...Just Balls_ was released on March 19, 2002 through both Atlantic and Lava.

The album debuted at #35 on the _Billboard_ 200 and at #8 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA.

The album featured the singles "I'm Just a Kid", "I'd Do Anything", "Addicted", and "Perfect".

Tracklist:

01. I’d Do Anything (ft. Mark Hoppus) {03:18}

02. The Worst Day Ever {03:27}

03. You Don’t Mean Anything (ft. Joel Madden) {02:29}

04. I’m Just A Kid {03:18}

05. When I’m With You {02:37}

06. Meet You There {04:14}

07. Addicted {03:52}

08. My Alien {03:08}

09. God Must Hate Me {02:45}

10. I Won’t Be There {03:09}

11. One Day {03:15}

12. Perfect {04:37}

13. One By One {03:23}

14. Grow Up {02:33}

15. Happy Together {02:35}

16. My Christmas List {03:28}

17. Vacation {02:31}

18. Perfect (Acoustic Version) {04:07}

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: No Pads, No Helmets... Just Balls
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Simple Plan
- **released**: March 19, 2002
- **recorded**: 2001
- **genre**: pop punk
- **length**: 46:42
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Lava Records, Lava, Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **producer**: Arnold Lanni
- **next title**: Live in Japan 2002
- **next year**: 2003
Government of Ontario

The **Government of Ontario** is the provincial government of Ontario, Canada. There are several parts of Ontario's government. The Queen of Canada, Elizabeth II, is represented by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is a unicameral body with 107 members. A cabinet, called the Executive Council of Ontario, is formed from members of the Assembly, usually from the largest party. The cabinet is headed by the Premier of Ontario.

The current premier is Doug Ford.
Legislative Assembly of Ontario

The **Legislative Assembly of Ontario** is the legislature of the province of Ontario, Canada. It has the second largest number of members out of the provincial legislatures of Canada. It meets at the Ontario Legislative Building in Toronto, the provincial capital.

The Assembly was created in 1867 by the British North America Act. The Assembly is unicameral, meaning there is no upper house. There are 124 members of the assembly, who are called Members of Provincial Parliament (MPPs). Each member is elected from one electoral district. The party with the most members gets to choose the Premier of Ontario, who leads the government, and the Executive Council of Ontario, which is the cabinet. The leader of the second largest party in the assembly becomes the Leader of the Opposition.

The current assembly was elected in the 2018 Ontario general election. The members that were elected are part of the 42nd Parliament of Ontario.

## Seat distribution

The following table shows how many seats each political party has in the legislature.

|colspan="10"|↓|||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="background:; width:58.87%;"|83|style="background:; width:32.25%;"|31|style="background:; width:5.64%;"|8|style="background:; width:2.41%;"|1|style="background:; width:0.80%;"|1|
Chandra X-ray Observatory

The **Chandra X-ray Observatory** (**CXO**)  is a space telescope launched by NASA on July 23, 1999.

Chandra is sensitive to X-ray sources 100 times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope. This is done by the high angular resolution of its mirrors. Since the Earth's atmosphere absorbs the vast majority of X-rays, Earth-based telescopes cannot detect them. Space-based telescopes are needed to make these observations. Chandra is an Earth satellite in a 64-hour orbit, and its mission is ongoing as of 2024.

Chandra is one of the Great Observatories, with the Hubble Space Telescope, Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (1991–2000), and the Spitzer Space Telescope.  The telescope is named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.

## Infobox (spaceflight)

- **name**: Chandra X-ray Observatory
- **image**: Chandra artist illustration.jpg
- **image caption**: Artist's illustration of the Chandra X-ray Observatory
- **mission type**: X-ray Astronomy
- **operator**: NASA
- **mission duration**: 5 years (planned)

(in progress)
- **launch date**: July 23, 1999, 04:30:59.984 UTC
- **launch rocket**: Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-93)
- **launch site**: Kennedy, LC-39B
- **launch contractor**: NASA
Austrian Airlines

**Austrian Airlines** is the largest airline of Austria. Its main hub is the Vienna International Airport. It was founded on May 3, 1923.  Austrian bought its first jet aircraft in 1963. Austrian joined the Star Alliance on March 26, 2000.  The Government of Austria sold the airline in 2008. Lufthansa bought Austrian Airlines in 2009.  In April 2015, Austrian Airlines was combined with Tyrolean Airways.

On 17 March 2020, the airline temporarily blocks work as a result of the COVID-19.

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Austrian Airlines AG
- **image**: Austrian Airlines Logo 2018.svg
- **iata**: OS
- **icao**: AUA
- **callsign**: AUSTRIAN
- **parent**: Lufthansa, Lufthansa Group
- **headquarters**: Schwechat, Austria
Jurisdiction: Vienna
- **revenue**:  euro, EUR 460 mio. (2020)
- **operating income**:  euro, EUR −379 mio. (2020)
- **key people**: <div>
*
* Andreas Otto, Chief commercial officer, CCO
* Wolfgang Jani, CFO</div>
- **hubs**: Vienna International Airport
- **frequent flyer**: Miles & More
- **alliance**: Star Alliance
- **fleet size**: 61
- **destinations**: 130
- **num employees**: 6,443 <small>(as of December 2020)</small>
Miami International Airport

**Miami International Airport** (MIA) is the largest airport in passenger and size terms in the US state of Florida. It's historic name was **Wilcox Field**.

The airport is one of the busiest airports in the United States. This is mainly because of Miami's closeness to all of Florida's tourist attractions, the city's economic activity, and its large Latin American and European population.

## Airlines

These airlines fly to and from Miami:
- Aeroflot
- Aerolíneas Argentinas
- Aeroméxico
- Air Canada
- Air Europa
- Air France
- Alitalia
- American Airlines
- Aruba Airlines
- Austrian Airlines
- Avianca
- Avior Airlines
- Bahamasair
- Boliviana de Aviacion
- British Airways
- Canadian North
- Caribbean Airlines
- Cayman Airlines
- Copa Airlines
- Delta Air Lines
- Delta Connection
- Eastern Air Lines
- Finnair
- Frontier Airlines
- Gol Airlines
- Iberia Airlines
- Insel Air
- Interjet
- Jetairfly
- LAN Airlines
- LATAM Airlines Brasil
- Lufthansa
- Qatar Airways
- SBA Airlines
- Scandinavian Airlines
- Sun Country Airlines
- Surinam Airways
- SWISS
- TAP Portugal
- Thomas Cook Airlines
- TUI Airlines
- Turkish Airlines
- United Airlines
- Virgin Atlantic Airways
- VivaColombia
- WestJet
- XL Airways France

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Miami International Airport
- **image**: Miami_International_Airport_(KMIA-MIA)_(8204606870).jpg
- **iata**: MIA
- **icao**: KMIA
- **faa**: MIA
- **type**: Public
- **owner**: Miami-Dade County, Florida
- **operator**: DFW Airport Board
- **city-served**: Miami, Florida
- **location**: Miami-Dade County, Florida
- **hub**: <div>
* American Airlines
* American Eagle Airlines
* 21 Air
* ABX Air
* Amerijet International
* Atlas Air
* Avianca Cargo
* Eastern Airlines, LLC
* FedEx Express
* IAero Airways
* IBC Airways
* Mas Air
* Northern Air Cargo
* Sky Lease Cargo
* Songbird Airways
* UPS Airlines
* Western Global Airlines
* World Atlantic Airlines
</div>
Pan American World Airways

**Pan American World Airways**, or **Pan Am**, was once the largest airline of the USA. The crash of Pan Am Flight 103 and several other factors led to the airline to stop flying in 1991.

## History

Pan Am was founded in 1926. Its first flights were from Key West, Florida to Havana, Cuba. During the 1920s and 1930s, Pan Am bought several smaller airlines in Central America and South America. These were bought to help Pan Am expand its flights throughout The Americas. Pan Am became the first airline to circumnavigate the world in 1942. By the 1950s, Pan Am had several larger airplanes like the Boeing 377, Douglas DC-6 and the Lockheed Constellation. It went to cities all across the world. In 1959, Pan Am bought its first jet - the Boeing 707. In 1970, Pan Am introduced its first widebody jet - the Boeing 747.

In 1980, Pan Am was combined with National Airlines. This was because Pan Am wanted to fly domestic flights and the government didn't allow it. When Pan Am bought National, it could finally fly domestically. In the 1980s, Pan Am started having many financial problems, having paid too much to buy National Airlines. Pan Am also spent too much money on the new Boeing 747s. The Gulf War of 1990 also caused many problems with Pan Am's transatlantic flights. Pan Am declared bankruptcy in January 1991. Delta Air Lines bought small parts of Pan Am and tried to help it. However, on December 4, 1991 Pan Am stopped flying due to the big financial problems. United Airlines got many of Pan Am's old flights. American Airlines got Pan Am's Miami hub. Pan Am was resurrected three times in 1996, 1998, and 2025.

## Other websites

- Pan Am Museum Foundation YouTube

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Pan American World Airways
- **logo**: Pan Am Logo.svg
- **logo caption**: Logo used from 1973 to 1991
- **logo size**: 250
- **image**: File:Boeing 747-212B, Pan American World Airways - Pan Am AN1104795.jpg
- **iata**: PA
- **icao**: PAA
- **callsign**: CLIPPER
- **founded**:
(as _Pan American Airways_)
- **commenced**:
(as _Pan American Airways_)
- **company slogan**: "The System of the Flying Clippers" (1946–1953)
"World's Most Experienced Airline" (1953–early 1970s)
"Pan Am makes the going great" (late 1960s/early 1970s)
"Experience makes the difference" (early 1970s)
"America's airline to the world" (late 1970s)
"You can't beat the experience" (1980s)
"Die Flügel Berlins" (German for "Berlin's wings", 1980s, only in Germany)
"Every country has an airline. The World has Pan Am." (late 1980s)
 "Expect More From Pan Am" (Some TV ads)
 "Say Hello To Pan Am" (Pan Am-National merger)
- **frequent flyer**: WorldPass
- **fleet size**: 226
- **destinations**: 87 countries on six continents at its peak in 1968
- **parent**: Pan Am Corporation
Joint State Political Directorate

The **Joint State Political Directorate** (**OGPU**; ) was the secret police of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1934. It was after the Cheka and before the NKVD. Its official name was  the Joint State Political Directorate.

The OGPU was theoretically supposed to operate with more restraint than the original Bolshevik secret police, the Cheka. The OGPU's powers were greatly increased in 1926, when the Soviet criminal code was amended to include a section on "anti-state terrorism". The law were vaguely written and very broadly interpreted. Even before then, it set up tribunals to try the most exceptional cases of terrorism, usually without calling any witnesses. In time, the OGPU's powers grew even greater than those of the Cheka.

Perhaps its most spectacular success was the Trust Operation of 1924–1925. OGPU agents contacted émigrés in western Europe and pretended to be on a large group working to overthrow the communist regime, known as the "Trust". Exiled Russians gave the Trust large sums of money and supplies, as did foreign intelligence agencies. The Trust finally succeeded in luring one of the leading anti-Communist operators, Sidney Reilly, into Russia to meet with the Trust. Once he was in Russia, he was captured and killed. It was a great propaganda success.

From 1927 to 1929, the OGPU engaged in intensive investigations of an opposition coup.  Stalin soon made a public decree that any and all opposition views should be considered dangerous and gave the GPU the authority to seek out hostile elements. There were many trials during Stalin's Five Year Plan.

The OGPU was responsible for the creation of the Gulag system. It also became the Soviet government's arm for the persecution of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Greek Catholics, the Latin Catholics, Islam and other religious organizations. The OGPU was also the main secret police agency for the detection, arrest, and liquidation of anarchists and other dissident left-wing factions in the early Soviet Union.

The OGPU was merged into the newly created all-union People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) in July 1934. Its last change was into the more widely known Committee for State Security (KGB).

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: OGPU
- **formed**: November 15th, 1923
- **preceding1**: State Political Directorate, GPU
- **dissolved**: 1934
- **superseding**: Main Directorate of State Security under the NKVD of the USSR
- **headquarters**: Lubyanka (KGB), Lubyanka Square, Moscow
- **chief1 name**: Felix Dzerzhinsky (1923–1926)
- **chief2 name**: Vyacheslav Menzhinsky (1926–1934)
- **agency type**: Secret police
- **parent agency**:
Council of the People's Commissars
Copa Airlines

**Copa Airlines** is the national airline of Panama.

## History

Copa Airlines was founded in 1947. Its first international flights began in the 1970s. They went to airports in Colombia, Costa Rica and Jamaica.

In 1998, Copa Airlines began an agreement with Continental Airlines. Copa Airlines also changed its logo.

As of March 2015, the airline was flying almost 100 airplanes to 69 cities in the Americas.
Aeroflot

**Aeroflot** is the national airline of the Russian Federation. It's one of the oldest airlines in the world. It has been flying for over a century.

## History

Aeroflot began in 1923 in the Soviet Union. Much of Aeroflot's history was kept secret once the Cold War began and Aeroflot had to stop flying to the United States.

Throughout the 1960s, 70s and 80s, Aeroflot and many Eastern Bloc airlines suffered many air crashes due to old and poor Russian airplanes. Those were the only ones Aeroflot and those airlines could use. However, Aeroflot was the world's largest airline until the 1980s. After the Soviet Union ended in 1991, Aeroflot began modernizing its fleet and buying more Western airplanes, like the Airbus A300 and Boeing 767. By 1991, Aeroflot again started flying to the United States. Aeroflot is member of aviation alliance SkyTeam. As of 2021, Aeroflot was flying to 146 cities in 52 countries.

## Fleet

|Aircraft|In service|Order|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|A320-200|64|||
|A321-200|36|||
|A330-200|2|||
|A330-300|10|||
|A350-900|7|13||
|B737-800|37|||
|B777-300ER|22|||
|Ikrut MS-21||260|Additional order for 210 of its type in September 2022|
|Sukhoi Superjet 100|4|||
Interjet

**Interjet** was a low-cost airline based in Mexico begun in 2005. Mexico City International Airport is Interjet's hub. Interjet mainly flies Airbus A320 and Sukhoi Superjet airplanes from Mexico to the USA, Central America and South America.

In 2014, Interjet began an agreement with American Airlines and Iberia. As of December 2020 the CFO Erick Peña Bonola announced the suspension of all operations and from the IATA for its non-payment of debt, primarily from fuel costs. The airline's website is currently inactive, as reported by sources.

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Interjet
- **image**: XA-BIO (9341153708).jpg
- **iata**: 4O
- **icao**: AIJ
- **callsign**: ABC AEROLINEAS
- **focus cities**: <div>
*Cancún
*
*Monterrey
</div>
- **frequent flyer**: Club Interjet
Intertours
- **aoc**: 23IF051B
- **fleet size**: 25
- **destinations**: 55
- **parent**: Grupo Alemán
- **logo**: Logo Interjet transparent.svg
- **logo size**: 250
- **headquarters**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **key people**: Alejandro del Valle (President (corporate title), President and Chairman)
Carlos Rello (Chief executive officer, CEO)
Erick Peña Bonola (Chief financial officer, CFO)
Avianca

**Avianca** is the national and largest airline of Colombia. It is the second oldest airline in the world. It began flying in 1919. Avianca has grown to become one of the largest airlines in the Americas. It flies to 121 cities with over 140 airplanes. In 2009, TACA Airlines and Avianca were combined to create a single airline.
Trans World Airlines

**Trans World Airlines** (**TWA**) was one of the largest airlines of the United States. It stopped flying after it was bought by American Airlines in 2001, after many financial problems.

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Trans World Airlines
- **image**: File:Trans World Airlines Logo.svg
- **iata**: TW
- **icao**: TWA
- **callsign**: TWA
- **founded**: July 16, 1930
(as Transcontinental & Western Air)
- **ceased**: December 1, 2001
(acquired by American Airlines)
- **hubs**: *Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Atlanta
*John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York-JFK
*Pittsburgh
*St. Louis Lambert International Airport, St. Louis
- **frequent flyer**: Aviators
- **subsidiaries**: Trans World Express
- **parent**: Trans World Corporation
Eastern Air Lines

**Eastern Air Lines** was one of the largest airlines of the United States. It was founded by Eddie Rickenbacker in 1929. It stopped flying in 1991. Eastern was one of the _Big Four_ airlines of the USA, along with American Airlines, United Airlines and TWA.

In ***2015***, ***Eastern*** relaunched flights.  The company merged with Swift Air in 2017 stating that, "the transaction is not a purchase of one certificate or merger of two certificates." Eastern's last flight was in September of 2017. Swift completed its asset purchase and all remaining Eastern aircraft were transferred to the Swift certificate. In September 2017 Eastern surrendered its certificate to the FAA. The Eastern name will be transferred to Dynamic International Airways, an airline co-owned by Swift ownership.

## Gallery

Possibly could be added to

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Eastern Air Lines
- **image**:
- **image size**: 50
- **iata**: EA
- **icao**: EAL
- **callsign**: EASTERN
- **founded**: April 19, 1926
(as Pitcairn Aviation)
- **ceased**: January 17, 1991
- **hubs**: Miami International Airport
- **secondary hubs**: *Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport
*Charlotte Douglas International Airport
*Kansas City International Airport
*John F. Kennedy International Airport
*LaGuardia Airport
*Philadelphia International Airport
*Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
- **focus cities**: *O'Hare International Airport
*Orlando International Airport
*Tampa International Airport
- **frequent flyer**: OnePass
- **subsidiaries**: Eastern Air Lines Shuttle
- **parent**: Texas Air Corporation
- **headquarters**: New York City
Miami-Dade County
Black Sabbath (song)

"**Black Sabbath**" is a song by the English heavy metal band Black Sabbath, written in 1969 and released on their self-titled first album. In 1970, the song appeared as an A-side on a four-track 12-inch single, with "The Wizard" also on the A-side and "Evil Woman" and "Sleeping Village" on the B-side, on the Philips Records label Vertigo. In Japan and the Philippines, a 7-inch single on the Philips label was released with "Evil Woman, Don't Play Your Games with Me" on the A-side and "Black Sabbath" on the B-side.
Ice-T sampled the song on his 1989 song "Shut Up, Be Happy" and his 1991 song "Midnight". Other musicians have done covers of this song. One of them was Beth Gibbons of Portishead.

## History

According to the band, the song was inspired by an experience that bassist Geezer Butler had in the days of Earth. Butler had recently become obsessed with the occult,so he painted his apartment matte black and placed several inverted crucifixes and pictures of Satan on the walls. Ozzy Osbourne gave Butler a black occult book as a gift. It was written in Latin and decorated with numerous pictures of Satan. Butler read the book and then placed it on a shelf beside his bed before going to sleep. When he woke up, he claims he saw a large black figure standing at the end of his bed, staring at him. The figure vanished and Butler ran to the shelf where he had placed the book earlier, but the book was gone. Butler related this story to Osbourne, who then wrote the lyrics to the song based on Butler's experience. The song starts with the lyrics:

_What is this that stands before me?"

"Figure in black which points at me._

A version of this song from Black Sabbath's first demo exists on the Ozzy Osbourne compilation album _The Ozzman Cometh_. The song has an extra verse with additional vocals before the bridge. The guitar and bass are tuned down one whole step, resulting in the key position of A being played on the fretboard, but having the pitch as G (octave - D flat) to the listener.  It's one of the band's most frequently performed tracks, being featured on every single tour of their career.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Black Sabbath
- **artist**: Black Sabbath
- **album**: Black Sabbath (album), Black Sabbath
- **recorded**: 16 October 1969
- **label**: Vertigo Records, Vertigo
- **producer**: Rodger Bain
Malayo-Polynesian languages

The **Malayo-Polynesian languages** are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages. There are about 385.5 million people who speak these languages. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken by the Austronesian people of the island nations of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean. There are a smaller number in continental Asia. Malagasy is spoken on the island of Madagascar. Part of the language family shows a strong influence of Sanskrit and Arabic as the western part of the region has many followers of Buddhism, Hinduism, and, since the 10th century, Islam.
Ohio Players

The **Ohio Players** were a funk and R&B band from the United States. The group formed in 1959. They were best known for the songs "Fire", "Funky Worm" and "Love Rollercoaster". This group was most popular in the 1970s. They were from Dayton, Ohio.

The group's first big song was "Funky Worm". The song hit the Top 20 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100. It also hit #1 on the _Billboard_ R&B chart.

They had seven Top 40 songs between 1973 and 1976. The songs included "Fire" in 1975 and "Love Rollercoaster" in 1976.
Still Not Getting Any...

***Still Not Getting Any...*** is the second studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. _Still Not Getting Any..._ was released on October 26, 2004 through both Atlantic and Lava.

The album peaked at #3 on the _Billboard_ 200 and at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA, selling one million copies.

The album featured the singles "Welcome to My Life", "Shut Up!", "Untitled (How Could This Happen to Me?)", and "Crazy".

Tracklist:

01. Shut Up! {03:03}

02. Welcome To My Life {03:27}

03. Perfect World {03:51}

04. Thank You {02:54}

05. Me Against The World {03:12}

06. Crazy {03:37}

07. Jump {03:08}

08. Everytime {04:01}

09. Promise {03:32}

10. One {03:20}

11. Untitled (How Could This Happen To Me?) {04:00}

12. Don’t Wanna Think About You {03:26}

13. Crash And Burn {03:11}

14. Surrender {02:59}

15. I’d Do Anything (iTunes Live From Montreal) {04:06}

16. Welcome To My Life (Acoustic Version) {03:33}

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Still Not Getting Any...
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Simple Plan
- **released**: October 26, 2004
- **recorded**: 2004
- **genre**: Pop punk, punk rock, alternative rock
- **length**: 44:27
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Lava Records, Lava, Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **producer**: Bob Rock
- **prev title**: Live in Anaheim (EP), Live in Anaheim
- **prev year**: 2004
- **next title**: MTV Hard Rock Live
- **next year**: 2005
Balas y Chocolate

***Balas y Chocolate*** () is the eighth studio album by Mexican latin singer Lila Downs. Released on March 24, 2015. It was going to be much darker than her earlier material, though it became an upbeat electronic-folk inspired album. The album features collaborations from Juan Gabriel and Juanes.  It reached the top of the charts in Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Spain and the United States. It also reached the top ten in other major markets.

## Other websites

- Balas y Chocolate on iTunes.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: _Balas y Chocolate_
- **type**: Studio
- **artist**: Lila Downs
- **released**: March 24, 2015
- **recorded**: 2014
- **genre**: World music
- **length**: 52:25
- **label**: Sony Music Latin, RCA Records
- **producer**: Paul Cohen, Aneiro Taño
- **chronology**: Lila Downs studio album
- **prev title**: Pecados y Milagros
- **prev year**: 2011
Prisoner's dilemma

The **prisoner's dilemma** is a paradox about co-operation. It shows why a fully rational individual might not act in ways that seem in their best interests. It is studied in game theory.

### Setup

The police catch two criminals after they committed a crime. The police do not know which person committed the crime and which person just helped. They question the two in separate cells, so the two prisoners cannot talk to each other in any way. Each prisoner can either stay silent or betray the other by blaming the crime on them.

If both stay silent, they only go to jail for 2 years. If one betrays and the other stays silent, the one that stays silent goes to jail for 10 years and the other one does not go to jail at all. If they both betray each other, they each go to jail for 5 years. No matter what happens, the prisoners will never see each other again.

Both prisoners are very logical, and will choose the option that gives them the shortest prison sentence.

### Strategies

If you are a prisoner in this situation and you want the shortest prison sentence, the ideal choice is to betray the other prisoner.

If the other prisoner stays silent, also staying silent will put you in jail for two years, while betraying them will set you free. If the other prisoner betrays you, staying silent will put you in jail for ten years, while betraying them back will only put you in jail for five.

The other prisoner realizes this too, and will also choose to betray you, giving you both a five year prison sentence. But this is not the best outcome; if both of you cooperated, you both could've gotten away with only two years. Betrayal benefits each prisoner individually, but harms the group as a whole.

Game theory was much studied during the Cold War period. In that case the "players" being studied were the United States and the Soviet Union.
Seguridad Social

**Seguridad Social** is a Spanish rock music band from Benetússer, Valencia. It was founded in 1982 by José Manuel Casany (also Casañ) (vocalist) and Santiago Serrano (guitar).

Casany met him when he was a member of Paranoicos. After that Serrano left his former band and joined to his friend's group. However they stopped their music career due their military services. Before leaving to go into the armed forces, they signed a contract with Citra label. One year later both returned to the band.

In 1984 Seguridad Social released its first LP: _El desconcierto_.

The 90's were a big change for the band. Most of its members left Seguridad Social. They were replaced by Javi Vela (guitar/vocalist), Alex Olías (bass/vocalist) and Rafa Villalba (drummer).

### Former members

- Rafa Montañana - Drummer
- Arístides Abreu - Guitar
- Alberto Tarín - Guitar
- Santiago Serrano - Guitar
- Javier Forment - Drummer
- Emilio Docena - Bass
- Julián Nemesio - Drummer
- José Antonio Cuesta - Bass

### Currently members

- José Manuel Casany (also known as Casañ) - Vocalist
- Javi Vela - Guitar/Vocalist
- Alex Olías - Bass/Vocalist
- Rafa Villalba - Drummer

### Studio albums

- 1985 - Solo para locos
- 1987 - La explosión de los pastelitos de merengue
- 1988 - Vino, tabaco y caramelos
- 1990 - Introglicerina
- 1991 - ¡Que no se extinga la llama!
- 1993 - Furia latina
- 1995 - Un beso y una flor
- 1997 - En la boca del volcán
- 1999 - Camino vertical
- 2000 - Va por ti
- 2003 - Otros mares
- 2005 - Puerto escondido
- 2009 - Clásicos del futuro. 2 CD
- 2011 - El mundo al día en 80 vueltas

### Compilation albums

- 2002 - Grandes éxitos. Gracias por las molestias. CD + DVD
- 2007 - 25 años de Rock & Roll. 2 CD + DVD

### In live

- 1984 - En desconcierto
- 1994 - Compromiso de amor. 2 CD
- 2013-  Por siempre jamás (30 años de Seguridad Social). CD + DVD

## Other websites

- Official website
Cædmon's Hymn

**Cædmon's _Hymn**_ is a short Old English poem originally composed by Cædmon. It was about God. It survives in a Latin translation by Bede in his _Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum_ and in other dialects written down in several manuscripts of Bede's _Historia_. Bede wrote about the poet and his work in the fourth book of his _Historia_.

## Cædmon

Bede told the story of Cædmon who was an illiterate cow-herder who was suddenly able to recite a Christian song of creation in Old English verse. This miracle happened after Cædmon left a feast when they were passing a harp around for all to sing a song. He left the hall after feeling ashamed that he could not contribute a song. Later in a dream he said a man appeared to him and asked him to sing a song. Cædmon responded that he could not sing. But the man told him that he could and asked him to “Sing to me the beginning of all things.”  Cædmon was then able to sing verses and words that he had not heard of before. Cædmon then reported his experience first to a steward then to Hild the abbess. She invited scholars to evaluate Cædmon’s gift. Cædmon was sent home to turn more divine doctrine into song. The abbess was so impressed with the success of his gift that she told him to become a monk. Cædmon lived a long and very productive life as a monk. He created songs from all kinds of Church history and doctrine.

## Choral settings of Caedmon's Hymn

The text has been set to music by a number of composers of choral music. Graham Keitch used Bede's translation for a motet which was commissioned to mark the 1100th anniversary of the death of the Anglo Saxon queen, Aethelflaed. It was first sung during the commemorative Evensong for Queen Aethelflaed which took place in Gloucester Cathedral, June 12th 2018.

## Translated text

<div lang="ang">
- <span lang="en">Old English</span>
- nu scylun hergan  hefaenricaes uard
- metudæs maecti  end his modgidanc
- uerc uuldurfadur  swe he uundra gihwaes
- eci dryctin  or astelidæ
- he aerist scop  aelda barnu_m_
- heben til hrofe  haleg scepen.
- tha middungeard  moncynnæs uard
- eci dryctin   æfter tiadæ
- firum fold_u_  frea allmectig
</div>

<div lang="la">
- <span lang="en">Latin (Bede)</span>
- Nunc laudare debemus auctorem regni caelestis,
- potentiam creatoris, et consilium illius
- facta Patris gloriae: quomodo ille,
- cum sit aeternus Deus, omnium miraculorum auctor exstitit;
- qui primo filiis hominum
- caelum pro culmine tecti
- dehinc terram custos humani generis
- creavit.
- omnipotens
</div>

- Modern English translation
- Now [we] must honour the guardian of heaven,
- the might of the architect, and his purpose,
- the work of the father of glory
- as he, the eternal lord, established the beginning of wonders;
- he first created for the children of men
- heaven as a roof, the holy creator
- Then the guardian of mankind,
- the eternal lord, afterwards appointed the middle earth,
- the lands for men, the Lord almighty.

## Other websites

- CAEDMON'S HYMN, Washington State University
Kingsville, Texas

**Kingsville** is a city in Texas. It is the county seat of Kleberg County in Texas. It was founded in 1904. The population was 25,402 in 2020. Kingsville has an area of .

## Other websites

- City of Kingsville
- Kingsville Visitors Center
- Kingsville Chamber of Commerce
- The King Ranch
- Texas A&M University Kingsville
- Kleberg County Airport

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Kingsville, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Downtown Kingsville Wiki 1-1.jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Kingsville
- **image map**: Kleberg Kingsville.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **pushpin map**: USA Texas#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the state of Texas##Location in the United States
- **pushpin label**: Kingsville
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Kleberg County, Texas, Kleberg
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: July 4, 1904
- **established title2**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1911
- **named for**: Richard King (entrepreneur), Richard King
- **government type**: Council-manager government, Council-Manager
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Commissioners
- **leader title2**: Manager
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 36.02
- **area total sq mi**: 13.91
- **area land km2**: 35.96
- **area land sq mi**: 13.88
- **area water km2**: 0.06
- **area water sq mi**: 0.02
- **elevation m**: 18
- **elevation ft**: 59
- **population total**: 25402
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 684.27
- **population density sq mi**: 1769.40
- **population metro**: 31,040
- **population demonym**: Kingsvillian
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 78363-78364
- **area code**: Area code 361, 361
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-39352
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1374386
Appeal

In law, an **appeal** is how legal cases are reviewed. An appeal is made to a higher court than the one that made the initial judgment. This is usually an appeals court. In turn, appeals court decisions may be appealed in a supreme court. The person pursuing an appeal is called an **appellant**.

When a lower court judgement is filed, the losing party (appellant) must file a notice of appeal. The appellant must give the appeals court legal reasons for reversing the decision of the lower court. Usually the legal argument includes legal precedents that relate to this case. The other party, called a respondent or appellee files a brief that counters the claims of the appellant. In turn, the appellant may counter the response of the appellee with a final brief. Then, if the appeals court agrees to hear the case each party argues their case before the court. The appeals court may sustain the original court ruling. They may also reverse the decision sending it back to the lower court. No new evidence is introduced in an appeals court.
Phil Lynott

**Philip Parris** "**Phil**" **Lynott** (20 August 1949 – 4 January 1986) was an Irish musician. He was born in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, England and raised in Dublin, Ireland from age four. His mother was businesswoman Philomena Lynott. He was a bass guitar player and singer. He was the leader of the rock band Thin Lizzy.

Lynott started Thin Lizzy in 1969. He also made two solo albums in the early 1980s. Thin Lizzy were famous for their songs "The Boys Are Back in Town", "Waiting for an Alibi", "Whisky in the Jar" and "Jailbreak". Lynott also worked with Gary Moore.

Lynott had problems with drugs and alcohol in his final years. On 25 December 1985, he collapsed and went to a clinic in Wiltshire, England. He was diagnosed with septicaemia. He died of pneumonia and heart failure in Salisbury, Wiltshire on 4 January 1986. He was 36.
Get Your Heart On!

***Get Your Heart On!*** is the fourth studio album by Canadian pop punk band, Simple Plan. _Get Your Heart On!_ was released on June 21, 2011 through both Atlantic and Lava. It was also released on 17 June 2011 in countries like Australia and the Netherlands.

The album peaked at #52 on the _Billboard_ 200 and at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

The album featured the singles "Can't Keep My Hands off You", "Jet Lag", "Astronaut", and "Summer Paradise".

Tracklist:

01. You Suck At Love {03:11}

02. Can’t Keep My Hands Off You (ft. Rivers Cuomo) {03:21}

03. Jet Lag (ft. Natasha Bedingfield) {03:25}

04. Astronaut {03:41}

05. Loser Of The Year {03:26}

06. Anywhere Else But Here {03:43}

07. Freaking Me Out (ft. Alex Gaskarth) {03:07}

08. Summer Paradise {03:54}

09. Gone Too Soon {03:16}

10. Last One Standing {03:27}

11. This Song Saved My Life {03:12}

12. Never Should Have Let You Go {04:23}

13. Ordinary Life {03:25}

14. The Rest Of Us {03:14}

15. Outta My System {03:25}

16. Fire In My Heart {03:26}

17. In {03:42}

18. Lucky One {03:50}

19. Try {03:26}

20. Loser Of The Year (Acoustic Version) {03:50}

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Get Your Heart On!
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Simple Plan
- **released**: June 21, 2011
- **recorded**: August–November 2010
- **genre**: Pop punk, alternative rock, pop rock
- **length**: 1 hour 10 minutes
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Lava Records, Lava, Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **producer**: Brian Howes
- **prev title**: Simple Plan (album), Simple Plan
- **prev year**: 2008
- **next title**: Get Your Heart On - The Second Coming!
- **next year**: 2013
Festival Song

"**Festival Song**" is the fourth and last single single off American pop punk band Good Charlotte's album _Good Charlotte_. The song was released in 2001.

Joel Madden  of Good Charlotte said that the song was about the HFStival, which is a rock festival. He explained:
> "I grew up coming to the HFStival. . . I wrote this song about being here, how we wanted to quit our jobs to be in a band. We have all our friends, the fans and the radio support right here."

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Festival Song
- **artist**: Good Charlotte
- **album**: Good Charlotte (album), Good Charlotte
- **released**: 2001
- **recorded**: 1999–2000
- **genre**: Punk rock, pop punk
- **length**: 4:03
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **writer**: Benji Madden, Joel Madden
- **producer**: Don Gilmore
- **prev title**: The Click (song), The Click
- **prev year**: 1999
- **next title**: Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous (song), Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous
- **next year**: 1999
Mexicana de Aviacion

**Mexicana de Aviacion** was one of the largest airlines of Mexico. It was one of the oldest airlines in the world. It began flying in 1921. It stopped flying in August 2010.

## History

Mexicana began in 1921 at Tampico. At first, it only carried mail. By the early 1930s, Mexicana was almost entirely owned by Pan American World Airways. In the late 1920s, Mexicana started flying to airports in Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador and Guatemala. Mexicana was also the first international airline to begin flights to Los Angeles International Airport.

By the 1960s, Mexicana's main competitor was Aeroméxico. Mexicana almost went into bankruptcy. Mexicana got its first Boeing 727 in 1969. However, two of its Boeing 727s crashed in 1969. The accidents killed some people.

In the 1990s, Aeroméxico and Mexicana formed an agreement. Mexicana started flying the Airbus A320 family in 1991.

Mexicana kept growing. It eventually became one of the largest airlines in North America. In August 2010, Mexicana filed for bankruptcy. The company ended a few weeks later. Mexicana has never flown since then.

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Mexicana de Aviación
- **iata**: MX
(Terminated)
- **icao**: MXA
(Terminated)
- **logo**: Mexicana de aviacion.jpg
- **logo size**: 230
- **callsign**: MEXICANA
(Terminated)
- **ceased**: (suspended indefinitely)
- **hubs**: <div>
* Cancún International Airport
* Guadalajara International Airport
* Mexico City International Airport
</div>
- **focus cities**: <div>
* O'Hare International Airport <small>(Chicago)</small>
* Los Angeles International Airport
* General Abelardo L. Rodriguez International Airport
* General Francisco J. Mujica International Airport
*
</div>
- **frequent flyer**: Mexicana Go
- **alliance**: Star Alliance (2000-2004) Oneworld (full member 2009-2010; 2010-2017, inactive member.)
- **fleet size**: 130 with subsidiaries (most transferred)
- **destinations**: 80 (all terminated)
- **parent**: Med Atlántica
- **company slogan**: _Vuela en lo más alto_ (Spanish) _Fly on top_ (English)—since 2008
- **headquarters**: Mexicana de Aviación Tower
Mexico City, Mexico
- **key people**: Gerardo Badin (Conciliator/Administrator)
Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous

***Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous*** is an American television series. The show ran from March 31, 1984 until September 2, 1995. It was created by Alfred M. "Al" Masini. The show featured the lifestyles of rich and famous celebrities.

The show was hosted by Robin Leach. After Leach was joined by Shari Belafonte in 1994, the show was renamed to ***Lifestyles with Robin Leach and Shari Belafonte***. The show ended with Leach's catchphrase "champagne wishes and caviar dreams." David Greenspan narrated most of the segments for the show's run and he could be heard narrating when Leach did not appear on camera.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Reality television, Reality
- **creator**: Al Masini, Alfred M. "Al" Masini
- **presenter**: Robin Leach
Shari Belafonte (1994–1995)
- **runtime**: 60 minutes
30 minutes
- **producer**: Robin Leach
- **theme music composer**: Bill Conti
- **composer**: John Valentino
Christopher Neal Nelson
- **country**: United States
- **num seasons**: 2