juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lagenandra dewitii

***Lagenandra dewitii*** is a plant in the Araceae family. It was first described for science in 1986 from living plants and dried herbarium material. It is named in honour of the Dutch botanist Hendrik de Wit.

## Where it grows

The plant is found only in Sri Lanka.

## Other websites

- Isotype in Kew Herbarium
- Isotype in Herbarium Berolinense
Aesch

**Aesch** is the name of three municipalities in Switzerland:
- Aesch, Basel-Landschaft, a municipality in the Swiss canton of Basel-Landschaft
- Aesch, Lucerne, a municipality in the Swiss canton of Lucerne
- Aesch, Zürich, a municipality in the Swiss canton of Zürich
Dänikon

**Dänikon** is a municipality in the district of Dielsdorf in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

## History

Until 1843 it was part of the municipality of Dällikon.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Dänikon
- **municipality name**: Dänikon
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Dänikon COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Dänikon.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Zurich
- **iso-code-region**: CH-ZH
- **district**: Dielsdorf (district), Dielsdorf
- **postal code**: 8114
- **municipality code**: 0085
- **area**: 2.77
- **elevation**: 437
- **population**: 1888
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **website**: www.daenikon.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Buchs, Zürich, Buchs, Dällikon, Hüttikon, Oetwil an der Limmat, Otelfingen
Butler, Missouri

**Butler** is a city in Bates County, Missouri, United States.  The population was 4,220 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Bates County. The city is named for William Orlando Butler, a noted American military and political figure of the early and mid-19th century. It is about fifty miles south of Kansas City, Missouri on U.S. Route 71-Interstate 49.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Butler, Missouri
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: The Electric City
- **image skyline**: Butler, MO Palace Hotel.jpg
- **image caption**: Palace Hotel
- **image map**: Bates_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Butler_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location within Bates County, Missouri, Bates County and Missouri
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Missouri
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Missouri, County
- **subdivision name2**: Bates County, Missouri, Bates
- **area total km2**: 10.56
- **area land km2**: 10.53
- **area water km2**: 0.02
- **area total sq mi**: 4.08
- **area land sq mi**: 4.07
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 4220
- **population density sq mi**: 1037.62
- **population density km2**: 400.64
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 866
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 64730
- **area code**: Area code 660, 660
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 29-10054
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2393483
- **website**: [http://mo-butler.civiccities.com/ City Website]
Dättlikon

**Dättlikon** is a municipality of the district of Winterthur in the Swiss canton of Zurich.

## Other websites

- Official Homepage of Dättlikon

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Dättlikon
- **image photo**: Daettlikon 153.jpg
- **municipality name**: Dättlikon
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Dättlikon COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Dättlikon.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Zurich
- **iso-code-region**: CH-ZH
- **district**: Winterthur (district), Winterthur
- **postal code**: 8421
- **municipality code**: 0215
- **area**: 2.87
- **elevation**: 386
- **population**: 745
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **popofyear**: 2015
- **website**: www.daettlikon.ch
- **mayor**: Sonia Steiger
- **neighboring municipalities**: Buch am Irchel, Embrach, Freienstein-Teufen, Neftenbach, Pfungen
Dielsdorf

**Dielsdorf** is the capital city of the district of Dielsdorf in the Swiss canton of Zurich.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Dielsdorf
- **municipality name**: Dielsdorf
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Dielsdorf COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Dielsdorf.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Zurich
- **iso-code-region**: CH-ZH
- **district**: Dielsdorf (district), Dielsdorf
- **postal code**: 8157
- **municipality code**: 0086
- **area**: 5.86
- **elevation**: 455
- **population**: 5917
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **website**: www.dielsdorf.ch
- **mayor**: Andreas Denz
- **mayor asof**: 2012
- **mayor title**: Gemeindepräsident
- **executive name**: Gemeinderat
- **executive number of members**: 7
- **neighboring municipalities**: Buchs, Zürich, Buchs, Niederhasli, Regensberg, Steinmaur
Dietikon

**Dietikon** is the fifth largest city of the canton of Zurich in Switzerland, after Zürich, Winterthur, Uster and Dübendorf. It is the capital of the same-named district of Dietikon.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the city of Dietikon

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Dietikon
- **municipality name**: Dietikon
- **municipality type**: city
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Dietikon COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Dietikon.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Zurich
- **iso-code-region**: CH-ZH
- **district**: Dietikon (district), Dietikon
- **postal code**: 8953
- **municipality code**: 0243
- **area**: 9.33
- **elevation**: 388
- **population**: 26633
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **website**: www.dietikon.ch
- **mayor**: Otto Müller
- **mayor asof**: March 2014
- **mayor title**: Stadtpräsident
- **parliament name**: Gemeinderat
- **parliament number of members**: 36
- **executive name**: Stadtrat
- **executive number of members**: 7
- **demonym**: Dietiker
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bergdietikon (AG), Geroldswil, Oetwil an der Limmat, Schlieren, Switzerland, Schlieren, Spreitenbach (AG), Unterengstringen, Urdorf, Weiningen, Switzerland, Weiningen
- **twintowns**: Kolín (Czech Republic), Braggio (Switzerland), Renens (Switzerland)
Bosque County, Texas

**Bosque County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 18,235 people lived there. The county seat is Meridian. The county is named for the Bosque River.

## Other websites

- Official website for Bosque County
Bowie County, Texas

**Bowie County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 92,893 people lived there. The county seat is Boston.  The county is named for James Bowie, a famous knife fighter who died at the Battle of the Alamo.

## Other websites

- Official website of Bowie County
Brazoria County, Texas

**Brazoria County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 372,031 people lived there. The county seat is Angleton. The largest city in the county is Pearland.

## Other websites

- Official website for Brazoria County
Brazos County, Texas

**Brazos County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 233,849 people lived there. The county seat is Bryan. The county is named for the Brazos River.

## Other websites

- Official website of Brazos County
North American Soccer League (1968–84)

The original **North American Soccer League** (NASL) was the highest major professional soccer league in the United States and Canada. It existed from 1968 to 1984.

## Previous Champions

|align="center"|Season|align="center"|Champions|align="center"|Runner-up|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1968|Atlanta Chiefs|San Diego Toros||||
|1969|Kansas City Spurs|Atlanta Chiefs||||
|1970|Rochester Lancers|Washington Darts||||
|1971|Dallas Tornado|Atlanta Chiefs||||
|1972|New York Cosmos|St. Louis Stars||||
|1973|Philadelphia Atoms|Dallas Tornado||||
|1974|Los Angeles Aztecs|Miami Toros||||
|1975|Tampa Bay Rowdies|Portland Timbers||||
|1976|Toronto Metros-Croatia|Minnesota Kicks||||
|1977|New York Cosmos|Seattle Sounders||||
|1978|New York Cosmos|Tampa Bay Rowdies||||
|1979|Vancouver Whitecaps|Tampa Bay Rowdies||||
|1980|New York Cosmos|Fort Lauderdale Strikers||||
|1981|Chicago Sting|New York Cosmos||||
|1982|New York Cosmos|Seattle Sounders||||
|1983|Tulsa Roughnecks|Toronto Blizzard||||
|1984|Chicago Sting|Toronto Blizzard||||

## Related pages

- North American Soccer League
- Major League Soccer
Andrew McCabe

**Andrew George McCabe** (born May 5, 1968) is an American attorney. He was the Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from February 1, 2016 to January 29, 2018.

On May 9, 2017, McCabe became acting director after James Comey was fired from duties as Director by U.S. President Donald Trump. President Trump sent a letter to Comey informing him of his dismissal, referring to a recommendation to remove Comey from Attorney General Jeff Sessions, and Deputy Attorney General Rod J. Rosenstein.

In the absence of a Senate-confirmed Director, the deputy director automatically becomes acting director.

McCabe became deputy director again after Christopher A. Wray was sworn in as the new FBI Director on August 2, 2017.

On March 16, 2018, Sessions fired McCabe only 26 hours before his scheduled retirement. Sessions said he based his action on reports from the DOJ Inspector General and the FBI's disciplinary office saying that McCabe had made unauthorized releases of information to the media and had "lacked candor" in talking about it. McCabe denied that he had ever been dishonest and charged that his firing was politically motivated.

On April 19, 2018, the Department of Justice Inspector General had earlier sent a criminal referral to federal prosecutors for possible criminal charges against McCabe associated with allegations of lying to internal investigators.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Andrew McCabe
- **image**: Andrew G. McCabe.jpg
- **office**: Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
- **president**: Barack Obama
Donald Trump
- **term start**: February 1, 2016
- **term end**: January 29, 2018
- **predecessor**: Mark F. Giuliano
- **successor**: David Bowdich
- **office1**: Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
- **status1**: Acting
- **president1**: Donald Trump
- **term start1**: May 9, 2017
- **term end1**: August 2, 2017
- **predecessor1**: James Comey
- **successor1**: Christopher A. Wray
- **birth name**: Andrew George McCabe
- **birth place**: Hartford, Connecticut, United States, U.S.
- **spouse**: Jill McCabe
- **education**: Duke University
Washington University in St. Louis
Christopher Boykin

**Christopher "Big Black" Boykin** (January 13, 1972 – May 9, 2017) was an American entertainer and musician. He was best known for his role on MTV's _Rob & Big_, which followed him and his co-star, skateboarder Rob Dyrdek. He was born in Raleigh, Mississippi.

Boykin died on May 9, 2017 in Plano, Texas from heart failure after being hospitalized for a heart attack at the age of 45.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Christopher Boykin
- **image**: Big Black - E3 Expo 2010 - June 17, 2010 - Los Angeles (cropped).jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Big Black in June 2010 in Los Angeles
- **birth place**: Raleigh, Mississippi, U.S.
- **death place**: Plano, Texas, U.S.
- **death cause**: Myocardial infarction
- **occupation**: Owner, CEO, musician, television personality
- **years active**: 2002–2013
- **children**: 1
- **alias**: "Big Black" Boykin
Petrozavodsk

**Petrozavodsk** (Russian: Петрозаводск, Karelian/Vepsian/Finnish: Petroskoi) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of the Republic of Karelia. The city has a population of around 280,170 people.

## History

Evidence shows that people have lived in the Petrozavodsk region since seven thousand years ago. At the end of the sixteenth century, there was a settlement in the region that was named _Onegaborg_.

During the Finnish occupation of Petrozavodsk, the city was named _Äänislinna_ (or _Ääneslinna_). The city was retaken by the Soviet army on 28 June 1944. The Finns set up concentration camps in the city for people of non-Finnic ethnicity. In total, six camps were set up; which in total held 23,984 civilians of Russian ethnicity.

In 1977, the Petrozavodsk phenomenon occurred. This was an incident where a glowing object showered the city with many rays. Many people now believe that it was caused by the launch of the Soviet satellite Kosmos 955.

The Petrozavodsk State University is located in the city. The university is made up of 9 faculties and 6 institutes, and was founded on 1 September 1940.

There are many popular landmarks in Petrozavodsk. One of them is "Lenin Square," which is an oval space with a large Vladimir Lenin statue in the center. The suburb of _Martsialnye Vody_ is the oldest spa in Russia. It was founded in 1714 by Peter the Great. Petrozavodsk is home to the Karelia Philharmonic Orchestra, the Karelian Musical Theater, the National Library of Karelia, the National Theatre of Karelia and a branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification, Petrozavodsk experiences a subarctic climate. However, the city has much milder temperatures than other cities in that climate. This is mainly because of the city's position next to the Baltic Sea. The average annual temperature is 3.1 °C. Temperatures in winter range from 0 to -15 °C, in summer from +5 to +25 °C. The record high temperature was 33.9 °C (93.0 °F), and the record low temperature was −41.6 °C (−42.9 °F).

## Other websites

- Official website of Petrozavodsk
- Official website of Petrozavodsk
- Unofficial website of Petrozavodsk
- Official website of the Board of Culture of Petrozavodsky Urban Okrug
- Kizhi Museum
Allan H. Meltzer

**Allan Howard Meltzer** (February 6, 1928 – May 8, 2017) was an American economist and professor of Political Economy at Carnegie Mellon University's Tepper School of Business and Institute for Politics and Strategy in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts to a Jewish family.

Meltzer specialized on studying monetary policy and the Federal Reserve System, and has authored several academic papers and books on the development and applications of monetary policy, and about the history of central banking in the US. Together with Karl Brunner, he created the Shadow Open Market Committee: a monetarist council that deeply criticized the Federal Open Market Committee.

Meltzer served as president of the Mont Pelerin Society for the 2012–2014 term.

Meltzer died on May 8, 2017 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at the age of 89.

## Other websites

- Allan Meltzer's home page  at Carnegie-Mellon
- Interview  with Meltzer from the Minnesota Fed's webpage
- Transcript of Meltzer's appearance on PBS's Think Tank program
- Source documents for Meltzer's A History of the Federal Reserve, Volumes I and II, at the FRASER historical documents site of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
- interview on National Public Radio's broadcast of September 26. 2008.
Gran Apache

**Mario Balbuena González** (April 16, 1959 – May 7, 2017), better known under the ring name **Gran Apache** and **El Apache**, was a Mexican _luchador_, or professional wrestler and trainer. He was born in Mexico City. Balbuena worked for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) from 1996 until his death in 2017, both as a wrestler and a trainer, having been involved in training almost all young wrestlers who worked for in that period of time.

Balbuena died on May 7, 2017 from colorectal cancer in Mexico City at the age of 58.
Arthur Moulin

**Arthur Moulin** (4 July 1924 – 9 May 2017) was a French politician. He served as a member of the National Assembly from 1958 to 1973, representing Nord. He also served as a member of the French Senate from 1983 to 1992, representing Nord. He was the mayor of Avesnes in Pas-de-Calais from 1971 to 1989. He was born Saint-Aubin, Nord, France.

Moulin died in Avesnes, France on 9 May 2017 at the age of 92.
Guadalupe Victoria

**Guadalupe Victoria**, born **José Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernández y Félix**, (29 September 1786 - 21 March 1843) was a Mexican general and political leader. He fought for independence against the Spanish Empire in the Mexican War of Independence. He was Mexico's first president.

## Infobox (president)

- **honorific prefix**: His Excellency The Most Excellent
- **name**: Guadalupe Victoria
- **image**: Guadalupe Victoria.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait of Guadalupe Victoria by Carlos Paris
- **order**: 1st
- **office**: President of Mexico
- **term start**: 10 October 1824
- **term end**: 31 March 1829
- **vicepresident**: Nicolás Bravo
- **predecessor**: Office established
- **successor**: Vicente Guerrero
- **office1**: Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–24), President of the Supreme Executive Power
- **term start1**: 1 July 1824
- **term end1**: 31 July 1824
- **predecessor1**: Vicente Guerrero
- **successor1**: Nicolás Bravo
- **office2**: Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–24), Member of the Supreme Executive Power
- **alongside2**: Miguel Domínguez
Vicente Guerrero
Nicolás Bravo
Mariano Michelena
Pedro Celestino Negrete
- **term start2**: 30 July 1834
- **term end2**: 10 October 1835
- **office3**: Governor of Puebla
- **term start3**: 31 March 1834
- **term end3**: 13 December 1836
- **predecessor3**: Patricio Furlong
- **successor3**: Cosme Furlong
- **birth name**: José Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernández y Félix
- **birth date**: 29 September 1786
- **birth place**: Tamazula de Victoria, Tamazula, Nueva Vizcaya, New Spain, Nueva Vizcaya, Viceroyalty of New Spain
(now Durango, Mexico)
- **death date**: 21 March 1843 (aged 56)
- **death place**: San Carlos Fortress, Perote, Veracruz
- **restingplace**: Angel of Independence, Column of Independence
- **nationality**: Mexican people, Mexican
 New Spain, New Spanish
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **alma mater**: San Ildefonso College
- **occupation**: Lawyer
 Soldier (General officer, General)
- **signature**: Firma Guadalupe Victoria.PNG
- **signature alt**: Cursive signature in ink
Dietlikon

**Dietlikon** is a municipality in the district of Bülach in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Dietlikon
- **municipality name**: Dietlikon
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Dietlikon COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Dietlikon.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Zurich
- **iso-code-region**: CH-ZH
- **district**: Bülach (district), Bülach
- **postal code**: 8305
- **municipality code**: 0054
- **area**: 4.26
- **elevation**: 445
- **population**: 7605
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **website**: www.dietlikon.ch
- **mayor**: Edith Zuber
- **mayor party**: SVP
- **mayor title**: Gemeindepräsidentin
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bassersdorf, Dübendorf, Kloten, Wallisellen, Wangen-Brüttisellen
Dinhard

**Dinhard** is a municipality of the district Winterthur in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Dinhard
- **municipality name**: Dinhard
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Dinhard COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Dinhard.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Zurich
- **iso-code-region**: CH-ZH
- **district**: Winterthur (district), Winterthur
- **postal code**: 8474
- **municipality code**: 0216
- **area**: 7.15
- **elevation**: 434
- **population**: 1490
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **website**: www.dinhard.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Altikon, Dägerlen, Rickenbach, Zürich, Rickenbach, Seuzach, Thalheim an der Thur, Winterthur
Dorf, Switzerland

**Dorf** is a municipality in the district of Andelfingen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. The German word _Dorf_ means _village_.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Dorf
- **municipality name**: Dorf
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Dorf COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Zurich
- **iso-code-region**: CH-ZH
- **district**: Andelfingen (district), Andelfingen
- **postal code**: 8458
- **municipality code**: 0026
- **area**: 5.55
- **elevation**: 426
- **population**: 627
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **website**: www.dorf.ch
- **mayor**: Werner Winkler
- **neighboring municipalities**: Andelfingen, Switzerland, Andelfingen, Buch am Irchel, Humlikon, Neftenbach, Volken
Avigdor Lieberman

**Avigdor Lieberman**, Hebrew: אביגדור ליברמן , born as _Evet Lvovich Liberman_, Russian: Эве́т Льво́вич Ли́берман, (born 5 July 1958 in Chișinău) is an Israeli politician. He is a political leader and also founder of Yisrael Beiteinu ("Israel Our Home").

## Early life and education

Lieberman studied hydrology in his native country. He migrated from the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic to Israel in 1978. After serving in the army he studied political science and international relations at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

## Career

In the 1980s he was involved in Zionist activities on behalf of Soviet Jews and also a leading member of economic and trade union organizations in Jerusalem.

In the 1990s he was an important assistant to prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu of HaLikud.

In 1999 he entered the Knesset with Yisrael Beiteinu, a nationalist political party focused on Israeli Jews from the former Soviet Union, founded in the same year.

Lieberman participated in several cabinets, among others as deputy prime minister in the Olmert Government and the Second Netanyahu Government, and as foreign minister in the Second and Third Netanyahu Government.

From 2016 to 2018 he was defense minister in the Fourth Netanyahu Government.

Since 2021 he has been finance minister in the Bennett-Lapid Government.

## References

- Bio at Knesset Website
Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland

**Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland** was a title given to the rulers during the Great Interregnum from 1649-1659 after the execution of Charles I and the installation of Oliver Cromwell. There were 2 lord protectors, Oliver and his son Richard who ruled as lord protecto<nowiki/>r for under a year (1658-1659)
|Name|Portrait|Term as Lord Protector|Birth|Death|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Oliver Cromwell _Nicknamed as_ _Old Ironsides_||16 December 1653 – 3 September 1658 **Succeeded by his son Richard**|April 25th 1559 **Huntingdon, England**|3rd September 1658 **London, England**|
|Richard Cromwell _Nicknamed as_ _Tumbledown Dick_||3rd September 1658 - 25 May 1659 **Succeeded by Charles I's son, Charles** **II as king**|4th October 1626 **Huntingdon, England**|12th July 1712 **Cheshunt, England**|
Following Richard Cromwell's resignation of May 25th 1659 he was succeeded by the Council of State who ruled the country until May 28th 1660 when king Charles II took back power and was restored as the monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland.
Dübendorf

**Dübendorf** is a municipality in the district of Uster in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

It is a suburb of Zürich. About 28,000 people live there. It is the fourth largest city in the canton, after Zürich, Winterthur and Uster.

## Villages

Dübendorf, Dübelstein, Geeren, Gfenn, Gockhausen, Hermikon and Stettbach.

## Other websites

- Official website of the city of Dübendorf

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Dübendorf
- **municipality name**: Dübendorf
- **municipality type**: city
- **image photo**: Dübendorf - Gemeindeverwaltung-Stadthaus (alt) IMG 1048 ShiftN.jpg
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Dübendorf COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Dübendorf.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Zürich
- **iso-code-region**: CH-ZH
- **district**: Uster (district), Uster
- **postal code**: 8600
- **municipality code**: 0191
- **area**: 13.61
- **elevation**: 440
- **website**: www.duebendorf.ch
- **mayor**: André Ingold
- **mayor asof**: July 2018
- **mayor title**: Stadtpräsident
- **parliament name**: Gemeinderat
- **parliament number of members**: 40
- **executive name**: Stadtrat
- **executive number of members**: 7
- **places**: Dübendorf, Dübelstein, Geeren, Gfenn, Gockhausen, Hermikon, Stettbach
- **neighboring municipalities**: Dietlikon, Fällanden, Schwerzenbach, Volketswil, Wallisellen, Wangen-Brüttisellen, Zürich
Joseph von Fraunhofer

**Joseph Ritter von Fraunhofer** (6 March 1787 – 7 June 1826) was a German physicist.

He was born in 1787 in Bavaria. When he was 11 years old, he had no father and no mother. Because of that, he had to work to survive. He worked making glass objects for a man called Philipp Anton Weichelsberger.

One day, in 1801, the place where Fraunhofer was working fell down and was destroyed. Fraunhofer was inside when this happened. Luckily, some people found him in the middle of the bits of the house and saved him. The Prince of Bavaria was with these people and he decided to help Fraunhofer.

The prince decided to give Fraunhofer money and books to study. He studied for five years and one day he was invited to work for a man called Joseph Utzschneider. This man had a company that made glass lenses to be used in scientific instruments. And this company had a secret laboratory in a monastery called Benediktbeuern. In this laboratory people were trying to discover how to make better glass lenses. Glass lenses at that time was a very complicated technology. After three years, Fraunhofer was one of the directors of this company. And after eight years he was a partner of the owner.

Fraunhofer died very sick in 1826, probably because of the time he worked as a child.

## Spectroscopy

During his time in Benediktbeuern, Fraunhofer did experiments with glass. He discovered very important things about light. One day Fraunhofer was playing with a piece of glass called a prism and a telescope in a room full of sunlight. When he used the telescope to look at the glass, he discovered that he could see all colours of the rainbow. But there were black lines between the colours.  Fraunhofer never discovered what the black lines were; he suggested they might be boundaries between different colors. Many years later, scientists discovered that these black spectral lines existed because some materials that exist in the sun and in the sky can absorb parts of the light.  Today scientists use a similar technique to discover what chemicals are in stars and planets.  The scientists who tried to find out what was happening call this part of science "spectroscopy".
Nick Galifianakis (politician)

**Nick Galifianakis** (July 22, 1928 - March 27, 2023) was an American attorney and politician. He was the Democratic U.S. Congressman from North Carolina. He served as a representative from 1967 through 1973.

Galifianakis was born in Durham, North Carolina. He studied at Duke University, and was an assistant professor at this university.

Galifianakis was the uncle of comedian Zach Galifianakis.

Galifianakis died at the age of 94 on March 27, 2023.
Arthur Ravenel Jr.

**Arthur Ravenel Jr.** (March 29, 1927 – January 16, 2023) was an American businessman and a Republican politician. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina's 1st congressional district. He served from 1987 through 1995.

Ravenel Jr. decided not to run for re-election in 1994, to run for Governor instead, but lost in the Republican primaries to David Beasley.

In 2005, Ravenel Jr. suffered from Guillain–Barré syndrome. The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge, near the Cooper River, is named after him.

Ravenel was a member of Moultrie Camp, Sons of Confederate Veterans, and was a supporter of the Confederate flag being flown at the South Carolina statehouse. He made controversy at a rally for the flag in 2000 when he called the NAACP as the “National Association for Retarded People”. Ravenel upset even more people after he apologized to mentally handicapped people for comparing them to the NAACP.

Ravenel died on January 16, 2023 in Charleston from problems caused by Guillain–Barré syndrome at the age of 95.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Arthur Ravenel Jr.
- **image name**: Arthur Ravenel Jr.jpg
- **birth place**: Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.
- **death place**: Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.
- **state**: South Carolina
- **term start**: January 3, 1987
- **term end**: January 3, 1995
- **preceded**: Thomas F. Hartnett
- **succeeded**: Mark Sanford
- **office1**: Member of the South Carolina Senate
- **constituency1**: 34th district
- **term start1**: January 3, 1997
- **term end1**: January 3, 2005
- **predecessor1**: Greg Smith
- **successor1**: Raymond E. Cleary III
- **constituency2**: 16th district (1981–1985)
44th district (1985–1987)
- **term start2**: January 13, 1981
- **term end2**: January 3, 1987
- **predecessor2**: Allen Ruffin Carter
Arnold Samuel Goodstein
Thomas Forbes Hartnett
- **successor2**: Sherry Shealy Martschink
- **office3**: Member of the
South Carolina House of Representatives
from Charleston County, South Carolina, Charleston County
- **term start3**: January 13, 1953
- **term end3**: January 13, 1959
- **predecessor3**: _Multi-member district_
- **successor3**: _Multi-member district_
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (until 1960s)
Republican Party (United States), Republican (after 1960s)
- **relatives**: Thomas Ravenel
Charles D. Ravenel
Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge

The **Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge** is a cable-stayed bridge over the Cooper River in South Carolina, United States, connecting downtown Charleston to Mount Pleasant. The bridge is named after former U.S. representative Arthur Ravenel Jr..

The eight lane bridge satisfied the capacity of U.S. Route 17 when it opened in 2005 to replace two old cantilever truss bridges. The bridge has a main span of 1,546 feet (471 m), the third longest among cable-stayed bridges in the Western Hemisphere. It was built using the design-build method and was designed by Parsons Brinckerhoff.

## Other websites

- Ravenel Bridge | South Carolina Picture Project
- The Official Website for the Cooper River Bridge , from SCDOT
- The Bridge Builders, Special Supplement from the Post & Courier
- The Story of the Building of the Arthur Ravenel Bridge, Site of Frank Starmer
- Unbuilding (demolition) of the Grace and Pearman Bridges, Site of Frank Starmer
- Cooper River Bridge Run

## Infobox (bridge)

- **bridge name**: Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge
- **image**: File:Ravenel Bridge at night from Mt Pleasant.jpg
- **caption**: As seen from Mount Pleasant.
- **official name**: Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge
- **also known as**: Ravenel Bridge
Cooper River Bridge
- **carries**: Bikes, pedestrians
8 lanes of
- **crosses**: Cooper River (South Carolina), Cooper River
- **locale**: **From:** Charleston, South Carolina, Charleston, SC
**To:** Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, Mt. Pleasant, SC
- **maint**: South Carolina Department of Transportation, SCDOT
- **design**: Cable-stayed bridge
- **mainspan**: 1,546 feet (471 m)
- **length**: 13,200 feet (4.0 km)
- **width**: Eight 12-foot (3.7 m) lanes
- **height**: 575 feet (175 m)
- **below**: 186 feet (57 m)
- **traffic**: 96,300
- **replaces**: John P. Grace Memorial Bridge
Silas N. Pearman Bridge
William E. Dannemeyer

**William Edwin Dannemeyer** (September 22, 1929 – July 9, 2019) was a conservative American politician, activist, and author. He was known for his criticism of homosexuality. He was the honorary national chairman of _Citizens For a Better America_. He served as U.S. Representative from the 39th Congressional District of California from 1979 to 1993.

Dannemeyer died of dementia in Thousand Palms, California on July 9, 2019, aged 89.

## Other websites

- Retrieved on 2008-07-23
- TakeBackOurRights.org  Dannemeyer's website
- Speech on Sodomy in 1990

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: William E. Dannemeyer
- **image**: Dannemeyer Wm.png
- **image size**: 180px
- **state**: California
- **district**: California's 39th congressional district, 39th
- **term**: January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1993
- **preceded**: Charles E. Wiggins
- **succeeded**: Ed Royce, Edward R. Royce
- **birth place**: Long Beach, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Thousand Palms, California, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
Esteban Edward Torres

**Esteban Edward Torres** (January 27, 1930 – January 25, 2022) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Miami, Arizona. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from California's 34th congressional district. He served as a member of the California Transportation Commission from 1997 to 2007.

Torres died on January 25, 2022 in Miami, Florida, two days before his 92nd birthday.
Imke Courtois

**Imke Courtois** (born 14 March 1988) is a Belgian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Standard Fémina de Liège and the Belgium women's national football team.

## Personal life

Imke is often asked if she is Thibaut Courtois' sister. As a joke she started a company called 'Niet de zus van' () and said: "for once and for all: no, Thibaut is not my brother."

## Career statistics

|colspan="3"|Club record in UEFA competitions||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|KFC Rapide Wezemaal|align="center"|17|align="center"|2|
|DVC Eva's Tienen|align="center"|3|align="center"|0|
|Standard Liège|align="center"|8|align="center"|0|
|**Total**|align="center"|**28**|align="center"|**2**|

## Honours

- 8 times Belgian Champion
- 3 times Belgian Women's Cup
- 2 times BeNe Super Cup
- 2 times Belgian Super Cup
- 1 time Women's BeNe League
- 1 time Double

## Other websites

- Profile at Royal Belgian Football Association
- Profile at Standard Fémina de Liège
- Profile at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Imke Courtois
- **image**: Imke Courtois-YT.jpg
- **alt**: Imke Courtois
- **caption**: Courtois at Tienen
- **birth place**: Leuven, Belgium
- **height**: 1.80 m
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **years1**: 2003–2008
- **clubs1**: KFC Rapide Wezemaal
- **years2**: 2008–2010
- **clubs2**: DVC Eva's Tienen
- **years3**: 2010–2017
- **clubs3**: Standard Liège (women), Standard Liège
- **nationalyears1**: 2003
- **nationalteam1**: Belgium women's national under-17 football team, Belgium U17
- **nationalcaps1**: 4
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2004–2007
- **nationalteam2**: Belgium U19
- **nationalcaps2**: 23
- **nationalgoals2**: 1
- **nationalyears3**: 2003–2017
- **nationalteam3**: Belgium women's national football team, Belgium
- **nationalcaps3**: 21
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
Ron Packard

**Ronald Charleston** "**Ron**" **Packard**, D.M.D. (born January 19, 1931) is a retired Republican politician from California. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1983 to 2001.

In 1982, Packard lost the Republican primary for the United States House of Representatives in a crowded field of candidates to Johnnie Crean by 92 votes. After Crean faced controversy, such as laying about being endorsed by then-President Ronald Reagan, Packard ran as a write-in candidate. He won the election in 1982 beating Crean. Packard won the election by 11,000 votes to become the first independent write-in candidate to defeat candidates of both the Democratic and Republican parties.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Ron Packard
- **image**: Ron Packard.jpg
- **birth place**: Meridian, Idaho, Meridian, Idaho, United States, U.S.
- **state**: California
- **district**: California's 48th congressional district, 48th
- **term start**: January 3, 1993
- **term end**: January 3, 2001
- **predecessor**: District created
- **successor**: Darrell Issa
- **state2**: California
- **district2**: California's 43rd congressional district, 43rd
- **term start2**: January 3, 1983
- **term end2**: January 3, 1993
- **predecessor2**: Clair Burgener
- **successor2**: Ken Calvert
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Jean Packard
Al McCandless

**Alfred Alfonso "Al" McCandless** (July 23, 1927 – August 9, 2017) was a Republican politician from California. He was born in Brawley, California on July 23, 1927. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles, 1951. Before becoming a representative, he was an automobile and truck dealer from 1953 through 1975.

McCandless was on the Riverside County board of supervisors from 1972 through 1982. He was in the United States House of Representatives from January 3, 1983 through January 3, 1995.

McCandless died at his home in La Quinta, California on August 9, 2017 at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- Political Graveyard biography

## Infobox (congressman)

- **image**: AlMcCandless.png
- **image size**: 150px
- **state**: California
- **district**: California's 44th congressional district, 44th
- **predecessor**: Randy "Duke" Cunningham
- **successor**: Sonny Bono
- **state2**: California
- **district2**: California's 37th congressional district, 37th
- **predecessor2**: Jerry Lewis (California politician), Jerry Lewis
- **successor2**: Walter R. Tucker III
- **term start2**: January 3, 1983
- **term end2**: January 3, 1993
- **birth place**: Brawley, California
- **death place**: La Quinta, California
- **term start**: January 3, 1993
- **term end**: January 3, 1995
- **alma mater**: University of California, Los Angeles
- **profession**: automotive dealer
- **branch**: United States Marine Corps
- **rank**: captain
- **serviceyears**: 1945–46, 1950–52
Cornelius Edward Gallagher

**Cornelius Edward "Neil" Gallagher** (March 2, 1921 – October 17, 2018) was an American Democratic Party politician. He represented New Jersey's 13th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1959 through 1973.

Gallagher died on October 17, 2018 in Columbia, New Jersey from brain cancer at the age of 97.

## Other websites

- Cornelius E. Gallagher Collection  and Photograph Collection  at the Carl Albert Center

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Cornelius Edward Gallagher
- **image name**: Cornelius Edward Gallagher.jpg
- **birth place**: Bayonne, New Jersey, U.S.
- **death place**: Columbia, New Jersey, U.S.
- **alma mater**: John Marshall College
John Marshall Law School (New Jersey), John Marshall Law School
- **state**: New Jersey
- **district**: New Jersey's 13th congressional district, 13th
- **term start**: January 3, 1959
- **term end**: January 3, 1973
- **preceded**: Alfred D. Sieminski
- **succeeded**: Joseph J. Maraziti
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat
Frank Joseph Guarini

**Frank Joseph Guarini** (born August 20, 1924) is an American Democratic Party politician. He  represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives, where he represented the now-defunct Fourteenth Congressional District from 1979 to 1993.

Guarini served in the New Jersey Senate from 1965 to 1972. In 1970, Guarini unsuccessfully challenged incumbent U.S. Senator Harrison A. Williams in the Democratic Primary, losing 66%-34%.

## Other websites

- Official website of Frank J. Guarini

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Frank Joseph Guarini
- **image name**: Frank Joseph Guarini.jpg
- **state1**: New Jersey
- **district1**: New Jersey's 14th congressional district, 14th
- **term start1**: January 3, 1979
- **term end1**: January 3, 1993
- **preceded1**: Joseph A. LeFante
- **succeeded1**: _District eliminated_
- **office2**: Member of the New Jersey Senate
- **term2**: 1965-1972
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **birth place**: Jersey City, New Jersey
- **alma mater**: Dartmouth College
New York University School of Law
Konstantin Stanislavski

**Konstantin Sergeievich Stanislavski** (_né_ **Alexeiev**; ; 7 August 1938) was a Russian actor and director.  He was widely known as an outstanding character actor and the many productions that he directed created a reputation as one of the leading theatre  directors of his generation. His principal fame and influence, however, rests on his 'system' of actor training, preparation, and rehearsal technique.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Konstantin Stanislavski
- **image**: Bundesarchiv Bild 183-18073-0003, Konstantin Sergejewitsch Stanislawski.jpg
- **imagesize**: 230px
- **box width**: 300px
- **birth date**: Konstantin Sergeievich Alexeyev, Alekseiev

- **birth place**: Moscow, Russian Empire
- **death place**: Moscow, Soviet Union
- **occupation**: Actor
Theatre director
Theatre practitioner, Theatre theorist
- **movement**: Naturalism (theatre), Naturalism
Symbolism (arts), Symbolism
Realism (theatre), Psychological realism
Socialist realism
- **spouse**: Maria Petrovna Perevostchikova
(stage name: Maria Lilina)
- **notableworks**: Founder of the Moscow Art Theatre, MAT
Stanislavski's system, Stanislavski's 'system'
_An Actor's Work_
_An Actor's Work on a Role_
_My Life in Art_
Herb Klein (politician)

**Herbert C. "Herb" Klein** (June 24, 1930 – November 24, 2023) was an American businessman, attorney, and politician. He represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives. He was widely called as one of New Jersey's foremost trial lawyers and was the lead counsel in some of the most important trials in the state.

Klein died on November 24, 2023 in Clifton, New Jersey at the age of 93.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honorable
- **name**: Herb Klein
- **image**: Herb Klein.jpg
- **caption**: Klein in 2015
- **state**: New Jersey
- **district**: New Jersey's 8th congressional district, 8th
- **term start**: January 3, 1993
- **preceded**: Robert A. Roe
- **term end**: January 3, 1995
- **successor**: William J. Martini
- **office2**: Member of the New Jersey General Assembly
from the 35th Legislative District (New Jersey), 35th Legislative District
- **term start2**: January 9, 1972
- **term end2**: January 9, 1976
- **preceded2**: William H. Hicks
- **successor2**: John J. Sinsimer
- **birth place**: Newark, New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
- **death place**: Clifton, New Jersey, Clifton, New Jersey, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **spouse**: Jacqueline Krieger
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **alma mater**:

- **profession**: Businessman, Attorneys in the United States, attorney, politician
- **serviceyears**: 1954–1956
- **rank**:  First Lieutenant
Lawson Soulsby, Baron Soulsby of Swaffham Prior

**Ernest Jackson Lawson Soulsby, Baron Soulsby of Swaffham Prior** (23 June 1926 – 8 May 2017) was a British microbiologist and parasitologist. In 1990 he was made a Conservative life peer and sat in the House of Lords until his retirement in December 2015. He was born in Westmorland, North West England.

Soulsby died on 8 May 2017 at his home in Swaffham Prior at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- Lord Soulsby's page at TheyWorkForYou.com
- Who's Who 2007 Published by A & C Black Publishers Ltd
Curt Lowens

**Curt Lowens** (17 November 1925 – 8 May 2017) was an American actor of the stage and in feature movies and television, as well as a Holocaust survivor and a rescuer who saved about 150 Jewish children during the Holocaust. He was known for his roles as Director Swift in _Werewolf in a Girls' Dormitory_ (1962) and as a Soviet ambassador on _The A-Team_, appearing from 1983 through 1987. He was also in _Angels & Demons_.

Lowens died in 8 May 2017 in New York City at the age of 91.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Curt Lowens
- **birthname**: Curt Löwenstein
- **birth date**: 17 November 1925
- **birth place**: Allenstein, East Prussia
(Olsztyn, Poland)
- **death date**: 8 May 2017 (aged 91)
- **death place**: New York City, New York, United States
- **othername**: Kurt Lowens
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1959−2017
Robert Miles

**Roberto Concina** (3 November 1969 – 9 May 2017), better known by his stage name **Robert Miles**, was a Swiss-Italian record producer, composer, musician and DJ.

In 1994, Miles wrote a trance/chill-out piece based on acoustic guitar chords and soft synthesizer effects, "Children", which was later developed into a dream trance song featuring a piano theme on top.

Miles died in Ibiza, Spain, on 9 May 2017 at the age of 47 after a short battle with stage 4 metastatic cancer.

## Other websites

- Track "Children" at BeWithMusic

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Robert Miles
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **image**: Robert Miles by Salim Lamrani (cropped) (377x500).jpg
- **caption**: Miles in 2014
- **birth name**: Roberto Concina
- **birth place**: Fleurier, Switzerland
- **death place**: Ibiza, Spain
- **years active**: 1984–2017
Beauty and the Beast (2017 movie)

***Beauty and the Beast*** is a musical romantic fantasy movie that was released in 2017. It was directed by Bill Condon and was produced by Walt Disney Pictures. The movie is based on the animated 1991 movie and the fairy tale written by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont.
Qian Qichen

**Qian Qichen** (; 5 January  1928 – 9 May 2017) was a Chinese diplomat and politician. He served as China's foreign minister from 12 April 1988 to 18 March 1998. He was Vice Premier of the State Council from 1993 until he retired in 2003.

Qian died on May 9, 2017 in Beijing at age of 89.

## Other websites

- Qian Qichen biography @ China Vitae

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Qian Qichen
- **office**: Second-ranked Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China
- **term start**: 25 March 1993
- **term end**: 6 March 2003
- **premier**: Li Peng
Zhu Rongji
- **office2**: Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China
- **term start2**: 12 April 1988
- **term end2**: 18 March 1998
- **predecessor2**: Wu Xueqian
- **premier2**: Li Peng
- **successor2**: Tang Jiaxuan
- **native name lang**: zh-cn
- **image**: Qian-Qichen.jpg
- **party**: Communist Party of China
- **birth place**: Tianjin, Zhili, Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China
- **death place**: Beijing, China
- **nationality**: Chinese
- **spouse**: Zhou Hanqiong (周寒琼)
Edward Lunn Young

**Edward Lunn Young** (September 7, 1920 – May 9, 2017) was a Republican U.S. Representative from South Carolina. He served in the House from January 3, 1973 through January 3, 1975. Young was the Republican candidate for Governor in 1978, but lost to Democratic State Senator Richard Riley. He ran again for Governor, but lost in the Republican primaries to John Light Napier. After his 1980 defeat, Young retired from politics.

Young died in his sleep on May 9, 2017 at his home in Florence, South Carolina, aged 96.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Edward Lunn Young
- **image**: Edward Lunn Young.jpg
- **birth place**: Florence, South Carolina
- **death place**: Florence, South Carolina
- **state**: South Carolina
- **district**: South Carolina's 6th congressional district, 6th
- **term start**: January 3, 1973
- **term end**: January 3, 1975
- **preceded**: John L. McMillan
- **succeeded**: John Jenrette
- **office2**: Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Florence County, South Carolina, Florence County
- **term start2**: 1958
- **term end2**: 1960
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic <small>(until the 1960s)</small>
Republican Party (United States), Republican <small>(1960s onward)</small>
- **alma mater**: Clemson University, Clemson College
- **branch**: United States Army Air Corps
United States Army Reserves
- **serviceyears**: 1941–1946
- **rank**:  Major
- **awards**: Distinguished Flying Cross (United States), Distinguished Flying Cross
Air Medal, Air Medal with nine Oak Leaf Clusters
Nelson Xavier

**Nelson Xavier** (30 August 1941 – 10 May 2017) was a Brazilian actor and director. He appeared in more than 95 movies and television shows between 1959 and 2017. He starred in the 1964 movie _Os Fuzis_.

In 1976 Xavier co-directed _A Queda_ along with Ruy Guerra. It was entered into the 28th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Silver Bear – Special Jury Prize. His last movie was _Trash_ (2014).

Xavier died on 10 May 2017 in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais from lung disease, aged 75.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Nelson xavier.jpg
- **name**: Nelson Xavier
- **birth date**: 30 August 1941
- **birth place**: São Paulo, Brazil
- **death place**: Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1959–2017