juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Van Morrison

**Sir George Ivan Morrison**  (born 31 August 1945) is a Northern Irish Grammy Award-winning singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer whose recording career spans seven decades.

Morrison's solo career began in 1967 with the release of the hit single "Brown Eyed Girl". His first well known album was _Astral Weeks_ (1968). While initially a poor seller, the album has become regarded as a classic. _Moondance_ (1970) made Morrison famous.

Morrison has been honored into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2016, he was knighted for services to the music industry and to tourism in Northern Ireland.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **honorific prefix**: Sir
- **name**: Van Morrison
- **honorific suffix**: Order of the British Empire, OBE
- **image**: Van morrison, slieve donard 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Morrison performing on 23 August 2015
- **birth name**: George Ivan Morrison
- **alias**: Van the man

The Belfast Cowboy
The Belfast Lion
- **birth place**: Bloomfield, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- **years active**: 1958–present
- **associated acts**: Them (band), Them, Georgie Fame, Shana Morrison
Grief

**Grief** is a reaction when someone or something loses something personal. This is usually when someone loses something living that has died, to which a bond or affection was formed. Reactions to grief can be different depending on the person. They can cry, be mad or even not react because they are in shock.

Some people say that grief comes in five parts:
1. denial
1. anger
1. guilt
1. depression
1. acceptance
Siege of Sarajevo

The **siege of Sarajevo** was a long blockade of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Bosnian War. It was done by members of the Yugoslav People's Army. The city was then taken by the Army of Republika Srpska from 5 April 1992 to 29 February 1996 (1,425 days). It lasted three times longer than the Battle of Stalingrad and more than a year longer than the siege of Leningrad, and was the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern war.
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The **Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina** ( ) was a state in Southeastern Europe. It existed from 1992 to 1995. It is the direct legal predecessor to the modern-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **native name**:

- **common name**: Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **government type**: Unitary state, Unitary Dominant-party system, dominant-party parliamentary republic
- **era**: Breakup of Yugoslavia
- **event pre**: 1992 Bosnian independence referendum, Independence referendum
- **date pre**: 1 March 1992
- **event start**: History of Bosnia and Herzegovina#Independence and Bosnian War (1992–1995), Independence declared
- **year start**: 1992
- **date start**: 3 March
- **event1**: Bosnian War
- **date event1**: 6 April 1992
- **event2**: Washington Agreement
- **date event2**: 18 March 1994
- **event end**: Dayton Agreement
- **year end**: 1995
- **date end**: 14 December
- **p1**: Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **flag p1**: Flag of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
- **s1**: Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **flag s1**: Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1998).svg
- **flag**: Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **flag type**: Flag
(1992–1995)
- **image coat**: Coat of Arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1998).svg
- **coa size**: 65px
- **symbol**: Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **symbol type**: Coat of arms
(1992–1995)
- **image map**: Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–2006).svg
- **demonym**: Bosnian
- **national anthem**: "Jedna si jedina"
"Једна си једина"
<small>()</small>

- **official languages**: Serbo-Croatian
- **capital**: Sarajevo
- **title leader**: Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chairman of the Presidency
- **leader1**: Alija Izetbegović
- **year leader1**: 1992–1996
- **title deputy**: Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Prime Minister
- **deputy1**: Jure Pelivan
- **year deputy1**: 1992
- **deputy2**: Mile Akmadžić
- **year deputy2**: 1992–1993
- **deputy3**: Haris Silajdžić
- **year deputy3**: 1993–1996
- **deputy4**: Hasan Muratović
- **year deputy4**: 1996–1997
- **legislature**: National Assembly
- **currency**: Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar, BH Dinar
- **calling code**: +387
- **p2**: SFR Yugoslavia
- **flag p2**: Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg
Human bonding

**Human bonding** is the process of becoming close or having a close relationship between two or more people. It most commonly takes place between family members or friends, but can also happen between groups, such as sports teams.

Bonding usually means becoming attached to romantic partners, close friends, or parents and children. This bond can be seen through emotions such as affection and trust.
Affection

** Affection** or **fondness** is an act or feeling of love or friendship. Reactions to affection can be different ranging from happiness, embarrassment, disgust, and annoyance. It also has a different physical effect on the giver and the receiver.
Acceptance

**Acceptance** is a person's reaction or realizing the reality of a situation. They become comfortable to any event (happy or not) and usually try not to change it or protest it. An example would be a person being in rest or comfortable with the idea of dying. The term _acceptance_ is a noun with many different meanings.

## Related pages

- Forgiveness
- Toleration
Amusement

**Amusement** is the reaction of having fun or seeing something entertaining. The person or animal who is amused can go through enjoyment, happiness, laughter and pleasure. It is an emotion with a positive effect.

## References

magician
Annoyance

**Annoyance** is when someone is not happy or mad because of irritation and distraction from one's thought. It can lead to emotions such as frustration and anger. This is usually caused by someone becoming unhappy by an event, person or comment.
Irritability

**Irritability** is when a living organism has a negative response to changes in their environment such as annoyance. Reactions can include pain, anger and unhappiness. This can also be a symptom of a mental illness.
Distraction

**Distraction** is the process of trying to change or get the attention of an individual or group from one area to another.

This is done so that people can move from one place to another without the target noticing the person. Distraction in humans is caused by: the lack of ability to pay attention; lack of interest in the object of attention; or the great intensity, novelty or attractiveness of something other than the object of attention.

Any behaviour which is human has its origin in the deep past. One principle is that animals adapt to regular features of their environment. So most animals learn their environment in detail. This reduces the chance of their being surprised. A standard observation is that a predator moves when its target is distracted. Behaviours related to this are strongly inherited. When discovery is almost certain, prey may drop body parts (for example, their tail), play possum (play dead) or just run away. Some lizard tails are programmed to wriggle a bit when they are dropped.

## References

-
Attention

**Attention** is when we point our sight and thought on a particular thing.

It is the behavioral and cognitive process of concentrating on a specific piece of information. Attention has also been described as the way we make use of limited cognitive processing resources.
Anticipation

**Anticipation** is an emotion usually someone waiting for something. This can cause pleasure or anxiety depending on what the person is thinking of.

Anticipation can be seen as an act of sexual desire.

Anticipation can be shown in many ways; for example, some people seem to smile uncontrollably during this period, while others look or feel sick. It is not uncommon for the brain to be so focused on an event, that the body is affected in such a way.
Awe

**Awe** is an emotion that is like wonder but less joyous. It can be seen as a combination of surprise and fear.

Awe can be seen as a reaction to a person or animal seeing something shocking, bad or beautiful.
Wonder (emotion)

**Wonder** is an emotion that is similar to surprise that people feel seeing something rare or unexpected. It has been seen as an important part of human nature and has been connected with curiosity. Wonder is also often compared to the emotion of awe but instead of fear, its joyful.
Confidence

**Confidence** is an emotion of someone being happy with what they know, look like and feel like. A positive example could be someone being happy with how they look. A negative example can be someone who thinks so highly of themselves that they act rude and better than everyone else.

## Related pages

- Arrogance
- Dunning–Kruger effect
- Megalomania
- Narcissism
- Pride
- Self-esteem
Contentment

**Contentment** or **Satisfaction** is a pleasant or positive emotion, feeling or state of mind. Satisfaction is when a desire or a need is fulfilled. Satisfaction is when a person has nothing to complain about. Someone feels satisfied when they achieve a difficult goal. A person feels satisfied by accomplishment, recognition, invention and service. Someone can feel job satisfaction when they like their work. A person tends to feel satisfied by basic body functions. These can include eating, exercising, hygiene, sex or defecation. Some people feel satisfied when they get revenge for something that hurt them. Satisfaction is related to pleasure, gratification and contentment.

## Contentment as an emotion

Humans and many other mammals feel satisfaction. Sometimes a person lacks satisfaction. They may feel negative feelings such as discontent, emptiness, boredom or sadness. This is the opposite of satisfaction. It is called dissatisfaction. Dissatisfaction occurs when we fail at doing something many times. Dissatisfaction may occur when comparing yourself to another person. This is called social comparison theory. Ongoing dissatisfaction causes complacency, apathy and even depression.

Satisfaction does not occur automatically. Satisfaction is the process of coping with life. Humans are in a constant fight against dissatisfaction. The Dalai Lama spoke about this:
> "When you are discontent, you always want more, more, more. Your desire can never be satisfied. But when you practice contentment, you can say to yourself, "Oh yes—I already have everything that I really need."
If someone slips into total dissatisfaction, they might experience anguish. A person is more likely to be happy and satisfied if they learn how to control their negative experiences and to process positive thoughts. Usually, a person does not share their satisfaction with other people. That is called pride.

Satisfaction, like all emotions, is a motivator of behavior. Satisfaction is an important part of one's quality of life. In positive psychology, researchers are studying what gives a person satisfaction in life. Delayed gratification is a part of satisfaction. Delayed gratification is when a person chooses long-term rewards over immediate rewards. Delayed gratification is also when a person prioritizes long-term objectives over closer targets. When a person delays gratification, they feel satisfied.

Psychologists say that life satisfaction and well-being are the two main ingredients of happiness.

## Satisfaction and happiness

Satisfaction is different from happiness. Satisfaction refers to a particular situation or state of mind. Satisfaction is often temporary. Happiness is a prolonged condition.

## Hedonism

Satisfaction is different from hedonism. A hedonist seeks pleasure or enjoyment above everything else. Satisfaction is not about doing things simply to feel pleasure. Satisfaction is not self-indulgent.

## Related pages

- Happiness
- Pleasure

## Other websites

- Can’t Get No Satisfaction? The Buddha and Nietzsche Can Help
- The United States of Satisfaction
Cruelty

**Cruelty** is pleasure in causing suffering to other living things or even themselves. Sadism can also be related to this as it means someone really enjoying this. Cruel ways of causing suffering may involve violence.

For example, if a person is drowning and begging for help and another person is able to help with no cost or risk, but watches happily. Bertrand Russell said that "the [causing] of cruelty with a good conscience is a delight to moralists. That is why they invented Hell."
Desire

**Desires** is the emotion of someone or something wanting something. This can be similar to "wanting", "wishing", "**longing**" or "**craving**". Desires are closely related to agency: they motivate the agent to realize them. People usually desire things that will make them happy or bring them pleasure.
Distrust

**Distrust** is a way of not trusting any one because it has great risk or deep doubt. The phrase "Trust, but verify" refers specifically to distrust.

Research on high risk settings such as oil platforms, banking, medical surgery, aircraft piloting and nuclear powerplants has seen distrust as the same of failure because of the high consequences.

## Related pages

- Misanthropy
Enthusiasm

**Enthusiasm** can mean enjoyment, interest, or approval given by a person. The term is related to playfulness, inventiveness, optimism and high energy.
Sorrow (emotion)

**Sorrow** is an emotion of sadness. Sorrow worse than sadness because it can last longer. At the same time sorrow has someone admit that they have lost something. It is a normal reaction to something that makes a person mad or when they went through something tragic.
Social connection

**Social connection** is the experience of feeling close and connected to others. It involves feeling loved, cared for, and valued. Scientists say that it is important for someone to have social connections as it would help them develop a healthier life and reduce the risk of depression or mental illness.

Feeling socially connected depends on the quality and number of meaningful relationships one has with family and friends.
Shyness

**Shyness** is the feeling of apprehension, not being comfortable, or awkwardness especially when a person is around other people. This usually happens when someone is doing something or being somewhere they are not used to. This can be seen as the opposite of confidence.

This fear of negative reactions such as being laughed at, humiliated, criticized or rejected can cause a shy person to retreat. Stronger forms of shyness can be known as anxiety.
Acute stress disorder

**Acute stress disorder** (ASD), also known as **acute stress reaction**, **psychological shock**, **mental shock** (or simply **shock**) is a psychological response to a terrifying, traumatic, or surprising event. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) introduced it to the fourth edition of the _Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders_ (DSM-4) in 1994.

## Overview

Acute stress disorder is not fatal, but it may bring stress if not treated. ASD typically occurs within one month of a traumatic event. It lasts at least three days and can persist for up to one month. People with ASD have symptoms similar to those seen in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients with acute stress disorder may benefit from psychological first aid. This offers practical assistance and helps the patient get social support and other services.

## Symptoms

ASD symptoms fall under five broad categories:

- **Negative mood**: A person may experience negative thoughts, sadness, and low mood
- **Intrusion symptoms**: These occur when a person is unable to stop revisiting a traumatic event via dreams, flashbacks or memories
- **Avoidance symptoms**: People with these symptoms intentionally avoid thoughts, feelings, people, or places that they associate with the traumatic event
- **Dissociative symptoms**: These can include an altered sense of reality, a lack of awareness of the surroundings, and an inability to remember parts of the traumatic event
- **Arousal symptoms**: These can include insomnia and other sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating, and irritability or aggression, which can be either verbal or physical. The person may also feel tense or on guard and become startled very easily

## Causes

A traumatic event can cause significant physical, emotional, or psychological harm.

- car accidents
- natural disasters
- the death of a loved one
- receiving a terminal diagnosis
- surviving a traumatic brain injury
- the threat of death or serious injury
- sexual assault, rape, or domestic abuse
Saudade

***Saudade*** (, , , ; plural _saudades_) is a deep emotional state of nostalgic or melancholic thinking for something or someone that one cares for and/or loves. It can be caused by someone thinking about something happy, sad or angry from their childhood. It can also bring someone good memories and comfort. _Saudade_ is a Galician-Portuguese word that claims no direct translation to English or other languages.
Resentment

**Resentment** (also called **ranklement** or **bitterness**) is an emotion that can mean many things that has been seen as a mixture of disappointment, disgust, anger, and fear.

It can be someone's reaction to injustices or something unfair that has happened in their life. It can also be caused by guilt, someone feeling guilty over something happening that they felt they could have controlled.
Remorse

**Remorse** is an emotion experienced by an individual who regrets actions which they have done in the past that they see as hurtful, or wrong. Remorse is closely similar to guilt and resentment.

When a person regrets an earlier action or failure to act, it may be because of remorse or in response to other consequences.  People may express remorse through apologies.
Apology (act)

An **apology** is an expression of regret or remorse for actions, while **apologizing** is the act of showing regret or remorse. It can be known as **saying sorry**. The goal of apologizing is generally forgiveness.
Wrongdoing

A **wrong** (from Old English  – 'crooked') is an act that is illegal or immoral. What is wrong can be seen or talked about in laws. They can be seen as crimes or can be seen as someone just having false information.
Boana gladiator

The **Cusco gladiator tree frog** (_Boana gladiator_) is a frog that lives in Peru, in Cusco and Puno. Scientists have seen it between 1097 and 1975 meters above sea level in cloud forests.

The adult male frog is 35.3 to 49.4 mm long from nose to rear end, and the adult female frog is 47.8 to 55.3 mm long. Like other gladiator tree frogs, the male Cusco gladiator tree frog has a spike on each front foot that it uses to fight other males. The female frog lays eggs in streams.

This frog is in danger of dying out. One reason is that human beings cut down the trees in the forests where the frogs live. Another is that the fungus _Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis_ infects the frogs. This illness makes their skin thick so the frog cannot let water pass through it. The chemicals in the frog's blood turn bad, and the frog has a heart attack and dies.
Social relation

In social science, a **social relation** or **social interaction** is any relationship between two or more individuals. They can be both positive (affiliative) and negative (agonistic) interactions, showing opposing effects.

**Social relationships** are a special case of social relations that can exist without any communication taking place between the actors involved.

## Related pages

- Interpersonal relationship
Regret

**Regret** is the emotion of wishing one had made a different decision in the past, because the effect of the decision were not good.

Regret is related to a missed opportunity. Its intensity changes over time after the decision.

Regret is different than remorse because people can regret things beyond their control, but remorse is about a sense of responsibility for the situation.
Gratification

**Gratification** is the emotional reaction of happiness because someone had reached or gotten their desire or goal. It is also seen as a response of fulfillment and getting recognition.
Gratitude

**Gratitude**, **thankfulness**, or **gratefulness**, from the Latin word _gratus_ "pleasing, thankful", is a feeling of appreciation felt by and/or similar positive response shown by kindness, gifts, help, favors, or other types of generosity.

It has also been a topic of interest to ancient, medieval and modern philosophers, and is a popular topic for modern day philosophers.
Please

***Please*** is a word used in the English language to show politeness and respect while asking for something. It is short for the phrase "if you please" or "if it please(s) you". In modern days, the phrase is taught to children by their parents as a way to teach politeness.
Politeness

**Politeness** is the teaching or acting of good manners so as not to offend others. What is thought to be polite may be different or event rude depending on many cultures.

## Types

- **Negative politeness**: Making a request less rude, such as "If you don't mind..." or "If it isn't too much trouble..."
- Non-assertive politeness: when a person does not stop from making a comment or pushing their beliefs during a discussion.
- Assertive politeness: when a person offers their opinion in a positive way to be assistive and helpful during an interaction. Or
- **Positive politeness**: Seeks to create a positive relationship between people.

Some cultures seem to prefer one of these kinds of politeness over the other. In this way politeness is culturally bound.

## Related pages

- Bowing
- Curtsey

## Other websites

- Model Citizenship  Real-life Examples of Civil Politeness
- Sociolinguistics: Politeness
- Sociolinguistics: Politeness in Spanish
- wiki project in comparative politeness: European Communicative Strategies (ECSTRA) (directed by Joachim Grzega)
- Politeness, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Amanda Vickery, David Wootton & John Mullan (_In Our Time_, Sep. 30, 2004)
Rudeness

**Rudeness** (also called **effrontery**) is showing disrespect to people or cultures. These have been created by boundaries of normally accepted behavior.

Forms of rudeness include acting inconsiderate, insensitive, deliberately offensive, impolite, a faux pas, obscenity, profanity and violating taboos such as deviancy. In some cases, an act of rudeness can go so far as to be a crime, for example, the crime of hate speech.
Respect

**Respect**, also called **esteem**, is a positive feeling or action shown towards someone or something that are important. It shows a sense of admiration for good or valuable qualities. It is also the process of honoring someone by showing care, concern, or consideration for their needs or feelings.

## Related pages

- Dignity
- Solidarity
Outrage (emotion)

**Outrage** is a strong emotion made up of surprise, disgust, and anger. It can be a reaction to something rude. It comes from old French "ultrage" which means ultra. Moral outrage is the emotion of outrage experienced in reaction to an injustice.
Injustice

**Injustice** is the unfairness of some outcomes. The term may be applied to certain event or situation, or to a larger status quo. It can be seen as the opposite of justice or someone not getting it. The sense of injustice is a universal human feature. It can be seen as an abuse of the justice systems.

## Related pages

- Corruption
- Economic inequality
- Oxfam
Status quo

**** is a Latin phrase meaning the existing state of affairs. It can talk about what is certain or permanent social, political, or military issues. In the sociological sense, the _status quo_ refers to the current state of social structure and/or values. It also means how conditions are without the chance of possible change.

_In short Status quo is the current situation at hand._
Kindness

**Kindness** is a type of behavior that shows generosity, thinking of another person, giving or concern for others, without wanting a reward. Showing kindness is respectful and shall always be used. Kindness was one of the main topics in the Bible. Nietzsche considered kindness and love to be the "most curative herbs" for humans. Many believe that God is the same as kindness. Kindness can help to grow a bond with someone.
Interest (emotion)

**Interest** is a feeling or emotion that causes attention to focus on an object, event, or process. It can be someone focusing on something because of their curiosity. It can also mean someone liking something.

The emotion of interest does have its own face expression, such as having their pupils grow.
Humiliation

**Humiliation** is when someone is embarrassed by something, usually in public. It is usually when the person has no pride. It is an emotion felt by a person whose social status have lowered.

Humiliation is currently an active research topic.

## Related pages

- Masochism
- Sadism
Hostility

**Hostility**  is seen as form of emotionally aggressive behavior. In everyday speech it is more commonly used as a synonym for anger and aggression.

Tensions between the two differences of hostility and hospitality has increased in the 21st century. Some physicals forms of hostility can be grinding or gnashing of teeth, the clenching and shaking of fists, and frowning.
International Islamic University Malaysia

The **International Islamic University Malaysia** (; ), also known as **IIUM**, is a public university in Malaysia. Its main building is in Gombak, Selangor. It has six other campuses all over Malaysia: two medical-centric campuses and a Centre for Foundation Studies in Gambang, Pahang, two city campuses in Kuala Lumpur, and a language & tourism campus in Pagoh, Johor.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: International Islamic University Malaysia
- **native name**: _Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia_
IIUM
- **caption**: Logo of the International Islamic University Malaysia
- **motto**: Taman Ilmu dan Budi (Malay language, Malay)
- **mottoeng**: The Garden of Knowledge and Virtue
- **established**: 23 May 1983
- **type**: Public university
- **endowment**: RM400 million (2018)
- **chancellor**: Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah, Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah
- **president**: Datuk Dr. Mohd Daud Bakar
- **rector**: Prof. Emeritus Dzulkifli Abdul Razak
- **faculty**: 1,904 (2019)
- **students**: 26,266 (2019)
- **city**: Gombak
- **state**: Selangor
- **country**: Malaysia
- **campus**: Suburban, 700 acres (2.8 km²)
- **colours**: Gold (color), Gold and Turquoise (color), Turquoise
- **nickname**: Mustangs
- **affiliations**: Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning, ASAIHL, Association of Commonwealth Universities, ACU, AUAP, Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World, FUIW
Cranberry juice

**Cranberry juice** is the liquid juice from cranberries. Cranberry juice sold in stores usually has sugar and water added. Some have other fruit juices.

The terms _cranberry juice cocktail_ and _cranberry juice blend_ mean products have between 25% and 49% cranberry juice. The rest comes from different fruit juice concentrate (usually peach, grape or raspberry), also having added sugar to improve taste. Low-calorie cranberry juice products contain artificial sweeteners. Cranberry juice is tart due to its mixed content of polyphenols. Those include flavonoids, phenolic acids and anthocyanins.

Although many people believe that cranberry juice helps prevent urinary tract infections, this is not proven. This was determined by the Cochrane review of clinical research. The scientific panel of the European Food Safety Authority said a cause-and-effect relationship could not be established between cranberry juice and urinary tract infections.

## Consuming cranberry juice and nutrition

Cranberry juice sold in the USA is 86% water, 26% carbohydrates, and less than 1% fat or protein. A cup of regular (fortified) cranberry juice (248 grams or 8 ounces) has 107 calories. It has vitamin C as an ingredient to preserve freshness. Other micronutrients may be added during manufacturing. Other than vitamin C and folate having more than 10% of the Daily Value, a typical serving of cranberry juice has no micronutrients in significant content.

Cranberry juice is an acidic drink with a pH of about 2.6. Some cranberry juice products have large amounts of sugar used in manufacturing. This makes the drink taste better. Drinking cranberry juice may increase the risk of hyperglycemia and reduced control of blood glucose in people with diabetes or glucose intolerance.
Aker Solutions

**Aker Solutions ASA**, is an engineering company based in Oslo, Norway.

The company has operations in Norway.

## History

The company was founded in 1841.

**Aker Solutions** was known as **Aker Kværner** until 2008.

On 3 April 2008, the company announced that it was  changing its name - to **Aker Solutions.**

In 2014, Aker Solutions was divided to two companies, Aker Solutions and Akastor.

In 2020, the company merged with Kværner ASA.
1943 Ashford by-election

The **1943 Ashford by-election** happened on 10 February 1943.  The by-election happened because the current MP, Patrick Spens was made Chief Justice of India. Conservative candidate Edward Percy Smith won the election. Percy Smith won with 69.7% of the vote.
Interior

**Interior** may refer to:

## Arts and media

- _Interior_ (Degas) (also known as _The Rape_), painting by Edgar Degas
- _Interior_ (play), 1895 play by Belgian playwright Maurice Maeterlinck
- _The Interior_ (novel), by Lisa See
- Interior design, the trade of designing an architectural interior

## Places

- Interior, South Dakota
- Interior, Washington
- Interior Township, Michigan
- British Columbia Interior, commonly known as "The Interior"

## Government agencies

- Interior ministry, sometimes called the ministry of home affairs
- United States Department of the Interior

## Other uses

- Interior (topology), mathematical concept that includes, for example, the inside of a shape
- Interior FC, a football team in Gambia
Salmon burger

A **salmon burger** is a type of hamburger made from ground or minced salmon in a shape of a patty. The salmon needs something to make it stick together and is easy to overcook which makes it too dry.  Salmon burgers are commonly eaten in Alaska as an alternative to beef hamburgers.
Guilded

**Guilded** was a VoIP, instant messaging and digital distribution platform made and owned by Guilded, Inc. Users could talk by using voice calls, video calls, text messaging, media and files in private chats or as part of communities called "guilds". Guilded ran on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS. Guilded mainly focused on competitive gaming and esports. Guilded said that unlike their competitor Discord, they prioritized gaming over general communities, Guilded was made by Guilded, Inc. which had been bought by the Roblox Corporation since August 16, 2021.

Their services have been shut down as of December 19, 2025.

## Infobox (software)

- **logo**: Guilded Logomark Wordmark Black.svg
- **caption**: Screenshot of Guilded
- **developer**: Guilded, Inc.
- **genre**: VoIP communications, instant messaging, content delivery, and social media
- **license**: Proprietary license, Proprietary
Pacific swift

The **Pacific swift** **(_Apus pacificus_)**  is a bird in the Swift family (Apodidae). It has four subspecies. The number of pacific swifts is unknown. They live in East Asia and Oceania.

This bird is medium-sized.  its body is 18 to 21 cm long and it is 40-42 cm wide from wingtip to wingtip.  Its feathers are mostly black, but it has a band of white feathers on its rear end.  Its tail is forked, or split into two pieces.  It can fly at least 300 m up in the air.  It looks for food over open areas, towns, grasslands or even sand dunes near the ocean.  It eats insects that it catches in the air.

## Distribution

The pacific swft has a large range of nearly 10 million square kilometers (3.8 million square miles). These birds live throughout the eastern Asia from the Ob River northeast to Kamchatka and east to the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin and Japan.
The Cassandra Crossing

***The Cassandra Crossing*** is a 1976 disaster thriller movie directed by George Pan Cosmatos, produced by Carlo Ponti and starring his wife Sophia Loren, Richard Harris, Ava Gardner, Martin Sheen, Burt Lancaster, Lee Strasberg and O. J. Simpson. The movie is about a disease-infected Swedish terrorist who infects a train's passengers with the pneumonic plague as they travel across Europe and head to a crumbling arch bridge.

The reviews from the movie critics were very negative. In the movie-review website Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has a low score of 30% based on ten reviews.

_The Cassandra Crossing_, however, still made money at the box office, which was more than the movie budget. The producers claimed that they covered the production costs of the movie out of Japan alone.

The movie was shot in Switzerland, Czechoslovakia and France.

## Related pages

- Bioterrorism

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Cassandra Crossing
- **director**: George Pan Cosmatos
- **producer**: Carlo Ponti
Lew Grade
- **screenplay**: Tom Mankiewicz
Robert Katz
George Pan Cosmatos
- **story**: Robert Katz
George Pan Cosmatos
- **starring**: Sophia Loren
Richard Harris
Burt Lancaster
Ava Gardner
Martin Sheen
O. J. Simpson
Lee Strasberg
- **music**: Jerry Goldsmith
- **cinematography**: Ennio Guarnieri
- **editing**: Roberto Silvi
Françoise Bonnot
- **studio**: * ITC Entertainment
* C. Cinematografica Champion s.p.a.
- **distributor**: AVCO Embassy Pictures
- **released**: 18 December 1976 (Italy & Japan) / 9 February 1977 (USA) / 31 March 1977 (UK)
- **country**: Italy
United Kingdom
West Germany
- **language**: English language, English
- **runtime**: 129 Minutes
- **budget**: $3 million or $6 million
- **gross**: $15,300,000 (Japan) SEK 152,111 (Sweden)
Mechanical seal

A **mechanical seal** is a piece of hardware that is used in places where two other pieces of hardware are connected. The idea of the seal is to prevent or limit leakage. Depending on the use case, there are different designs of these seals. Very often, the substance used for sealing is also important.

When water is still dripping from a tap that is closed, this means that the mechanical seal (that should prevent this) is broken.
Bob Boyle

**Robert "Bob" James Boyle II** (born May 18, 1971) is an American animator whose known for _Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!_.

## Works

- _The Fairly OddParents_
- _Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!_
- _Yin Yang Yo!_
- _The Powerpuff Girls_ (2016 revival)
- _Poochini_ (character designer)

## Related works

- _Nutri Ventures: The Series_ - Developer, English dub (2013-2021)
- _Rock, Paper, Scissors_ - executive producer

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Bob Boyle.png
- **birth name**: Robert James Boyle II
- **yearsactive**: 1990–present
- **organization**: Film Roman, Cartoon Network Studios, Lionsgate Television, Nickelodeon Animation Studio
- **occupation**: Animator, writer, developer
Verbosity

**Verbosity** or **verboseness** is writing or speaking that uses more words to describe something than the amount needed. The opposite of it is plain language. Some teachers don't like verbosity and tell people not to use it.
Abhay Kumar

Abhay Kumar (Abhay K) (born 1980) is an Indian poet-ambassador. Now he is the Ambassador to Madagascar and Comoros. He has been diplomate in Russia, Nepal and Brazil also. His published books are The Seduction of Delhi, The Eight-Eyed Lord of Kathmandu, The Prophecy of Brasilia, The Alphabets of Latin America. He has edited books like CAPITALS,100 Great Indian Poems,100 More Great Indian Poems, New Brazilian Poems, The Bloomsbury Anthology of Great Indian Poems,The Bloomsbury Book of Great Indian Love Poems. He has translated “Meghaduta” and “Ritusamhara” of Kalidasa into English from Sanskrit.

## Various Anthems

His Earth Anthem has been translated into over 100 languages.It was played at the United Nations to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Earth Day. He also wrote an anthem for SAARC. He wrote a 'Moon Anthem' to celebrate the success of India's Moon Mission Chandrayaan-2. He also wrote a 'Mars Anthem' and anthems on all the planets in the Solar System.He recorded his poems at the Library of Congress. He received the SAARC Literary Award.He was nominated for the Pushcart Prize in 2013.

## Early Life

He was born in Rajgir in Nalanda district of Bihar. He studied at Jawaharlal Nehru University and Delhi University. He studied Russian language and literature at the Moscow State University, U.S. foreign policy at George Washington University.He can speak Hindi, English, Russian, Nepali, Portuguese,French and Sanskrit.

## Career

Kumar has served at the Ministry of External Affairs of India. He also served at the Indian missions in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kathmandu and Brasilia. He was appointed Director of the Nehru Centre, London in March 2015.He was appointed as India's Deputy High Commissioner to Australia in 2015.He currently serves as India's Ambassador to Madagascar and Comoros. He also proposed International Day of Diplomats on the United Nations Day.

## As a Poet

Abhay Kumar's first book was “River Valley to Silicon Valley(2007). He has published eight collections of poetry. Abhay Kumar's poems have appeared in several magazines and literary journals. His poems have also been included in a number of anthologies including A Poem A Day edited by Gulzar (Harper Collins|2020), The Younger Indian Poets edited by Sudeep Sen(Sahitya Akademi|2019), 100 Great Indian Poems (Bloomsbury|2018), and The Himalayan Arc edited by Namita Gokhale (Harper Collins|2018).

## Awards

Pushcart Prize Nomination-2012

SAARC Literary Award

Asia- Pacific Excellence Award
Pablo P. Garcia

**Pablo "Pabling" Paras Garcia** (September 25, 1925 – August 18, 2021) was a Filipino politician. He was born in Cebu, Philippines. He was the Governor of Cebu from 1995 until 2004. He was a member of the Philippine House of Representatives from 1987 until 1995 and again from 2007 until 2013.

Garcia died on August 18, 2021 at the age of 95.
Olav Akselsen

**Olav Akselsen** (28 August 1965 – 17 August 2021) was a Norwegian Labour politician. He was Minister of Petroleum and Energy from 2000 to 2001. He was a member of the Storting from 1989 until 2009. He was born in Stord, Norway.

Akselsen died on 17 August 2021 in Oslo at the age of 55.
Stord

**Stord** is a municipality in Vestland county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sunnhordland. Stord is the 68th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 18,759.

The mayor, Sigbjørn Framnes, is elected until late 2027.

## Related pages

- List of mayors in Norway that are elected until 2027

## Infobox (kommune)

- **name**: Stord
- **image skyline**: Leirvik.JPG
- **image caption**: View of the town of Leirvik
- **idnumber**: 4614
- **county**: Vestland
- **district**: Sunnhordland
- **capital**: Leirvik
- **language**: Nynorsk
- **coatofarms**: Stord komm.svg
- **established**: 1 Jan 1838
- **demonym**: Stordabu, Stording
- **munwebpage**: stord.kommune.no
- **area rank**: 316
- **area total km2**: 143.73
- **area land km2**: 137.45
- **area water km2**: 6.28
- **area water percent**: 4.4
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population rank**: 68
- **population total**: 18,759
- **population density km2**: 136.5
- **population increase**: 6.8
- **utm zone**: 32V
- **utm northing**: 6635337
- **utm easting**: 0301839
- **geo cat**: adm2nd
Simão Sessim

**Simão Sessim** (8 December 1935 – 16 August 2021) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. He was a member of the Progressistas Party. In 1979, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies. He retired in 2019. Sessim was born in Rio de Janeiro. From 1973 until 1977, he was the Mayor of Nilópolis.

Sessim died on 16 August 2021 in Rio de Janeiro from COVID-19, aged 85.
Nilópolis

**Nilópolis** (, , ) is a municipality in Brazil.

The city was named after Nilo Peçanha, a President of Brazil.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Nilópolis
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **official name**: Município de Nilópolis
- **motto**: "Terra da Azul e Branca"
- **image skyline**: Centro de Nilópolis.JPG
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: A view of the city
- **image flag**: Bandeira Nilopolis.png
- **image seal**: Brasao-nilopolis.png
- **image map**: RiodeJaneiro Municip Nilopolis.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Nilópolis in the State of Rio de Janeiro
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Brazil, Region
- **subdivision type2**: States of Brazil, State
- **subdivision name1**: Southeast Region, Brazil, Southeast
- **subdivision name2**:  State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Abraãozinho David Neto (Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006), PL)
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: August 21, 1947
- **area total km2**: 19.157
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 162,693
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: UTC-3
- **elevation m**: 14
- **area code**: +55 22
- **postal code type**: Postal Code
- **postal code**: 28000-000
- **blank name**: **Human Development Index, HDI** (2000)
- **website**: [http://www.nilopolis.rj.gov.br www.nilopolis.rj.gov.br]
Nilo Peçanha

**Nilo Procópio Peçanha** (; 2 October 1867 – 31 March 1924) was a Brazilian politician. He was the 7th President of Brazil. He was Governor of Rio de Janeiro State (1903–1906), then elected Vice President of Brazil in 1906.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Nilo Peçanha
- **image**: Nilo Peçanha 02.jpg
- **office**: President of Brazil
- **term start**: 14 June 1909
- **term end**: 14 November 1910
- **predecessor**: Afonso Pena
- **successor**: Hermes da Fonseca
- **office1**: Vice President of Brazil
- **term start1**: 15 November 1906
- **term end1**: 14 June 1909
- **president1**: Afonso Pena
- **predecessor1**: Afonso Pena
- **successor1**: Venceslau Brás
- **birth place**: Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil
- **death place**: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **spouse**: Anita de Castro Belisário de Sousa
- **party**: Rio Republican Party
- **signature**: Assinatura de Nilo Peçanha.jpg
Afonso Pena

**Afonso Augusto Moreira Pena** (; 30 November 1847 – 14 June 1909) was a Brazilian politician who served as President of Brazil between 1906 and 1909. He was the first president to die in office. Pena died of pneumonia on 14 June 1909.

## Infobox (president)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Afonso Pena
- **image**: Afonso_Pena.jpg
- **office**: President of Brazil
- **vicepresident**: Nilo Peçanha
- **term start**: 15 November 1906
- **term end**: 14 June 1909
- **predecessor**: Rodrigues Alves
- **successor**: Nilo Peçanha
- **office1**: Vice President of Brazil
- **term start1**: 17 June 1903
- **term end1**: 14 November 1906
- **president1**: Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, Rodrigues Alves
- **predecessor1**: Francisco de Assis Rosa e Silva, Rosa e Silva
- **successor1**: Nilo Peçanha
- **alma mater**: University of São Paulo
- **children**: 12
- **birth place**: Santa Bárbara, Minas Gerais, Santa Bárbara, Minas Gerais, Empire of Brazil
- **death place**: Catete Palace, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **spouse**: ; his death
- **party**: Conservative Party (Brazil), Conservative Party
Mineiro Republican Party
- **signature**: Assinatura do presidente Afonso Pena.jpg
Brian P. Burns

**Brian Patrick Burns** (July 12, 1936 – August 12, 2021) was an American businessman, lawyer and philanthropist. He was a well known leader of the Irish-American community. He collected many pieces of Irish art. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts and spent his career both in Boston and San Francisco, California.

In December 2016, then President-elect Donald Trump wanted to nominate Burns as the United States Ambassador to Ireland. However, in June 2017, Burns withdrew his name because of his health.

Burns died on August 12, 2021 in Palm Beach, Florida one month after his 85th birthday.
Texas (1941 movie)

***Texas*** is a 1941 American western movie directed by George Marshall and starring William Holden, Glenn Ford, Claire Trevor, George Bancroft, Addison Richards, Edgar Buchanan, Andrew Tombes, Don Beddoe, Edmund MacDonald. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
MacOS Monterey

**macOS Monterey** (version 12) is the eighteenth version of macOS. It was announced at WWDC 2021 on June 7, 2021.

## Infobox (os version)

- **name**: macOS Monterey
- **title**: macOS Monterey
- **logo**: MacOS Monterey wordmark.svg
- **screenshot**: MacOS Monterey.png
- thumb
- screenshot of MacOS Monterey
- **caption**: Screenshot of macOS Monterey in "light mode".
- **version of**: macOS
- **developer**: Apple Inc.
- **source model**: Proprietary software, Closed, with open-source software, open source components
- **ga date**: October 25, 2021
- **update model**: Software Update
- **supported platforms**: x86-64, ARM64
- **kernel type**: Hybrid kernel, Hybrid (XNU)
- **license**: Proprietary software with open-source components and content licensed with Apple Public Source License, APSL
- **preceded by**: macOS Big Sur
- **succeeded by**: macOS Ventura
- **support status**: Unsupported as of September 16, 2024. Finder is still able to download driver updates to sync to newer devices. Drops support for Macs released from 2013 to 2014.
Flight dynamics

**Flight dynamics** is the study of the performance, stability, and control of things flying through the air or in outer space. It is concerned with how forces that act on the vehicle determine its velocity and altitude with respect to time.
Lema tree frog

The **lema tree frog** (_Boana lemai_) is a frog that lives in Venezuela and Guyana.  Scientists have seen it between 600 and 1400 meters above sea level.
Marco the Magnificent

***Marco the Magnificent*** is a 1965 French Italian Egyptian Afghan Serbian adventure movie directed by Denys de la Patellière and starring Omar Sharif, Anthony Quinn, Horst Buchholz, Orson Welles, Akim Tamiroff, Elsa Martinelli, Robert Hossein, Guido Alberti.
Ann Zhang

**Ann Zhang** (born 21 June 1957) is a retired Chinese short track athlete and coach. She was the coach of the Australian short track team from 1996 to 2014.

Zhang Yuanyuan was born in Beijing on 21 June 1957.

Zhang, living in Brisbane, Australia, began her coaching career as the junior coach of the New South Wales selection in 1992. Four years later she was promoted to become the Australia national coach. At that time, the country's short track team had already achieved considerable success, including the first medal for Australia at the Winter Olympics, a bronze medal in the relay at the Games in Lillehammer in 1994. After Zhang took over the team, an Australian short tracker was able to finish fourth in the Short Track World Cup in 1996. Zhang achieved her greatest successes as a coach at the Olympic Games. The short track team was successful in the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City. Very surprisingly, Steven Bradbury won the first Winter Olympics gold medal for his country.