juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rodolfo Martín Villa

**Rodolfo Martín Villa** (born 3 October 1934) is a Spanish engineer and politician. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Spain from 1981 to 1982.

He is being investigated in Argentina for murder and crimes against humanity during the 1976 Vitoria massacre.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Martin villa002.jpg
- **office**: Deputy Prime Minister of Spain, First Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
- **primeminister**: Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo
- **predecessor**: Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado
- **successor**: Alfonso Guerra
- **term start**: 1 December 1981
- **term end**: 28 July 1982
- **office2**: Ministry of the Interior (Spain), Minister of Interior
- **primeminister2**: Adolfo Suárez
- **predecessor2**: Manuel Fraga Iribarne
- **successor2**: Antonio Ibáñez Freire
- **term start2**: 5 July 1976
- **term end2**: 6 April 1979
- **office3**: Minister for Trade Union Relations
- **term start3**: 12 December 1975
- **term end3**: 5 July 1976
- **primeminister3**: Carlos Arias Navarro
- **birth place**: León, Spain
- **party**: Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain), Union of the Democratic Centre (until 1983)
People's Party (Spain), People's Party
- **nationality**: Spanish
Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón

**Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón** (born 18 June 1940) is a Spanish jurist and politician. He is a member of the Union of the Democratic Centre until 1982, then of People's Alliance and the People's Party.

He is one of the "Fathers of the Constitution", the seven politicians who were part of the draft of the Spanish constitution in 1978.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Miguel Herrero de Miñón
- **image**: Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón 2015 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: In 2015
- **office**: Member of the Congress of Deputies (Spain), Congress of Deputies
- **term start**: 15 June 1977
- **term end**: 6 June 1993
- **constituency**: Madrid (Spanish Congress electoral district), Madrid
- **birth name**: Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón
- **birth place**: Madrid, Spain
- **party**: Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain), UCD
People's Alliance (Spain), AP
People's Party (Spain), PP
Joaquín Almunia

**Joaquín Almunia Amann** (born 17 June 1948) is a Spanish politician. He was President of the European Commissioner for Competition (2009–2014).

From 1997 to 2000, he was the leader of the opposition as secretary general of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Joaquín Almunia
- **image**: Joaquin Almunia Mercosul.jpg
- **office**: European Commissioner for Competition
- **president**: José Manuel Barroso
- **term start**: 9 February 2010
- **term end**: 1 November 2014
- **predecessor**: Neelie Kroes
- **successor**: Margrethe Vestager
- **office1**: European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs
- **president1**: Romano Prodi
José Manuel Barroso
- **term start1**: 24 April 2004
- **term end1**: 9 February 2010
Served with Siim Kallas
- **predecessor1**: Pedro Solbes
- **successor1**: Olli Rehn
- **office2**: Leader of the Opposition (Spain), Leader of the Opposition
- **primeminister2**: José María Aznar
- **term start2**: 14 May 1999
- **term end2**: 1 July 2000
- **predecessor2**: Josep Borrell
- **successor2**: José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
- **primeminister3**: José María Aznar
- **term start3**: 22 June 1997
- **term end3**: 24 April 1998
- **predecessor3**: Felipe González
- **successor3**: Josep Borrell
- **office4**: Cabinet of Spain, Minister of Public Administrations
- **primeminister4**: Felipe González
- **term start4**: 26 July 1986
- **term end4**: 12 March 1991
- **predecessor4**: Félix Pons Irazazábal
- **successor4**: Juan Manuel Eguiagaray
- **office5**: Cabinet of Spain, Minister of Labor and Nacional Health Service
- **primeminister5**: Felipe González
- **term start5**: 1 December 1982
- **term end5**: 26 July 1986
- **predecessor5**: Santiago Rodríguez Miranda
- **successor5**: Manuel Chaves González
- **birthname**: Joaquín Almunia Amann
- **birth place**: Bilbao, Spanish State, Spain
- **party**: Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Socialist Workers' Party
- **alma mater**: University of Deusto
École pratique des hautes études, Practical School for Advanced Studies
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Antonio Hernández Mancha

**Antonio Hernández Mancha** (born 1 April 1951) is a Spanish politician, lawyer and businessman. He was president of the People's Alliance political party and Spain's Leader of the Opposition from 1987 to 1989.

## Other websites

- Article published by Hernández Mancha in _El País_
- El PP ya tiene muertos en el armario: el ‘fantasma’ de Antonio Hernández Mancha (article published in _El Confidencial_)

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Antonio Hernández Mancha
- **office**: Leader of the Opposition (Spain), Leader of the Opposition
- **primeminister**: Felipe González
- **term start**: 8 February 1987
- **term end**: 20 January 1989
- **predecessor**: Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón
- **successor**: José María Aznar
- **honorific prefix**: Member of the Parliament, MP
- **office2**: Senate of Spain, Senator
 appointed by Parliament of Andalusia
- **term start2**: 20 July 1986
- **term end2**: 2 September 1989
- **birth place**: Guareña, Badajoz, Spain
- **party**: People's Alliance (Spain), People's Alliance
- **profession**: Lawyer
People's Party (Spain)

The **People's Party** ( ; known mostly by its acronym, **PP** ) is a conservative and Christian-democratic political party in Spain.

The People's Party was founded in 1989 from the People's Alliance (AP). This party was created as a more centre-right party instead of a far-right party.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: People's Party
- **native name**: Partido Popular
- **logo**: Logo del PP (2022).svg
- **logo size**: 150px
- **country**: Spain
2023 Spanish general election

The **2023 Spanish general election** were held in 23 July 2023, after an electoral advance of the Spanish prime minister Pedro Sánchez, to elect the 15th Cortes Generales of the Kingdom of Spain.

All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 265 seats in the Senate.

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2023 Spanish general election
- **country**: Spain
- **type**: parliamentary
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: November 2019 Spanish general election
- **previous year**: 2019 (Nov)
- **next election**: Next Spanish general election
- **next year**: _Next_
- **outgoing members**: 14th Cortes Generales
- **elected members**: 15th Cortes Generales
- **seats for election**: All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 208 (of 266) seats in the Senate of Spain, Senate
176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies
- **registered**: 37,469,458 1.3%
- **turnout**: 24,952,447 (66.6%)
0.4 Percentage point, pp
- **election date**: 23 July 2023
- **image1**:
- **leader1**: Alberto Núñez Feijóo
- **party1**: People's Party (Spain)
- **leaders seat1**: Madrid
- **last election1**: 89 seats
- **seats1**: **137**
- **seat change1**:  48
- **percentage1**: 33.1%
- **image2**:
- **leader2**: Pedro Sánchez
- **party2**: Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
- **leaders seat2**: Madrid
- **last election2**: 120 seats
- **seats2**: 121
- **seat change2**:  1
- **percentage2**: 31.7%
- **image3**:
- **leader3**: Santiago Abascal
- **party3**: Vox (political party)
- **leader since3**: 20 September 2014
- **leaders seat3**: Madrid
- **last election3**: 52 seats
- **seats3**: 33
- **seat change3**:  19
- **percentage3**: 12.4%
- **image4**:
- **leader4**: Yolanda Díaz
- **party4**: Sumar (electoral platform)
- **leaders seat4**: Madrid
- **last election4**: 38 seats
- **seats4**: 31
- **seat change4**:  7
- **percentage4**: 12.3%
- **image5**:
- **leader5**: Gabriel Rufián
- **party5**: Republican Left of Catalonia
- **leaders seat5**: Barcelona (Congress of Deputies constituency), Barcelona
- **last election5**: 13 seats
- **seats5**: 7
- **seat change5**:  6
- **percentage5**: 1.9%
- **image6**:
- **leader6**: Míriam Nogueras
- **party6**: Together for Catalonia (2020), Junts
- **leaders seat6**: Barcelona (Congress of Deputies constituency), Barcelona
- **last election6**: 8 seats
- **seats6**: 7
- **seat change6**:  1
- **percentage6**: 1.6%
- **map image**: SpainCongressDiagram2023.svg
- **map size**: x215px
- **map caption**: Spanish Congress of Deputies after the election
- **title**: Prime Minister of Spain, Prime Minister
- **posttitle**: Prime Minister after election
- **before election**: Pedro Sánchez
- **before party**: Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
- **after election**: Pedro Sánchez
- **after party**: Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
Happiness pump

A **happiness pump** is an idea in philosophy.  A happiness pump is someone who will do anything to make other people happy even if it makes them very unhappy themselves.  They have turned themselves into a machine (a "pump") that makes happiness.

The happiness pump is a way of showing problems in utilitarianism.  Utilitarianism is a moral philosophy. It is a way of deciding which actions are good and which are bad. In utilitarianism, actions that make more happiness or stop pain are good.  Actions that stop happiness or make pain are bad.  In utilitarianism, it does not matter who is becoming happier or feeling less pain.  That means that, in utilitarianism, helping strangers is good.  The happiness pump is a person who has taken utilitarianism too far and will give themselves lots of pain so long as they believe it makes other people somewhere in the world much happier.

The happiness pump is only an idea.  Philosopher Joshua David Greene says it is almost impossible to be a happiness pump for real.  People who even tried would give up.

## In popular culture

A happiness pump character is on one episode of the television show _The Good Place_.

## Related pages

- Thought experiment
Oriol Junqueras

**Oriol Junqueras i Vies** (; born 11 April 1969) is a Spanish politician, historian and academic.

He was mayor of Sant Vicenç dels Horts. He was Vice President of Catalonia from January 2016 to October 2017. He is president of the Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC).

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Oriol Junqueras
- **image**: Retrat_oficial_del_Vicepresident_Oriol_Junqueras_(cropped_-_2).jpg
- **caption**: Junqueras in 2016
- **office2**: Vice President of Catalonia
- **term start2**: 14 January 2016
- **term end2**: 28 October 2017
- **president2**: Carles Puigdemont
- **predecessor2**: Neus Munté
- **successor2**: _Office suspended_
Pere Aragonès (2018)
- **office3**: Minister of Economy and Finance (Catalonia), Minister of Economy and Finance, Catalonia
- **term start3**: 14 January 2016
- **term end3**: 27 October 2017
- **president3**: Carles Puigdemont
- **predecessor3**: Andreu Mas-Colell
- **successor3**: Pere Aragonès
- **office4**: Member of the Parliament of Catalonia
for the Barcelona (Parliament of Catalonia constituency), Province of Barcelona
- **term start4**: 17 December 2012
- **term end4**: 10 July 2018
- **office5**: Mayor of Sant Vicenç dels Horts
- **term start5**: 11 June 2011
- **term end5**: 23 December 2015
- **predecessor5**: Amparo Piqueras Manzano
- **successor5**: Maite Aymerich
- **office6**: Member of the European Parliament
for Spain (European Parliament constituency), Spain
- **term start6**: 7 June 2009
- **term end6**: 16 January 2012
- **successor6**: Ana Miranda Paz
- **office7**: Member of the Municipality Council of Sant Vicenç dels Horts
- **term start7**: 2007
- **term end7**: 2015
- **birth name**: Oriol Junqueras i Vies
- **birth place**: Barcelona, Catalonia, Francoist Spain, Spain
- **party**: Republican Left of Catalonia
- **otherparty**: Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes
- **alma mater**: Autonomous University of Barcelona
- **occupation**: Academic
- **signature**: Firma de Oriol Junqueras.svg
Josep Tarradellas

**Josep Tarradellas i Joan** (), 1st Marquess of Tarradellas (1899 in Cervelló, Baix Llobregat – 1988 in Barcelona) was a Spanish politician. He was President of Catalonia from 1954 to 1980.

## Infobox (politician)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Most Illustrious
- **name**: The Marquess of Tarradellas
- **image**: (Josep_Tarradellas)_Adolfo_Suárez_junto_al_presidente_de_la_Generalitat_de_Cataluña_a_su_llegada_a_Barcelona._Pool_Moncloa._24_de_febrero_de_1979_(cropped).jpeg
- **birth place**: Cervelló, Baix Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
- **death place**: Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- **nationality**: Spaniards, Spanish
- **order**: 125th
- **office**: President of the Government of Catalonia
- **monarch**: Juan Carlos I of Spain, Juan Carlos I
- **term start**: 7 August 1954
- **term end**: 8 May 1980

- **predecessor**: Josep Irla
- **successor**: Jordi Pujol
- **office2**: List of Ministers of Governance and Public Administration of Catalonia, Minister of Governance of the Government of Catalonia

- **term start2**: 29 December 1931
- **term end2**: 24 January 1933
- **office3**: List of Prime Ministers of Catalonia, First Minister of the Government of Catalonia

- **term start3**: 26 September 1936
- **term end3**: 5 May 1937
- **office4**: Minister of Economy and Finance of Catalonia, Minister of Economy and Public Services of the Government of Catalonia
- **term start4**: 6 August 1936
- **term end4**: 26 September 1936
- **party**: Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, ERC
- **spouse**: Antònia Macià i Gómez (1904-2001)
José Montilla

**José Montilla Aguilera** (born 15 January 1955 in Iznájar, Córdoba, Spain) is a Spanish politician who is currently a member of the Spanish Senate.  He was the 128th President of Generalitat de Catalunya.

## Infobox (president)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honorable#Catalonia, The Right Honourable
- **name**: José Montilla
- **image**: José Montilla - 001.jpg
- **order**: 128th
- **office**: President of the Government of Catalonia
- **term start**: 28 November 2006
- **term end**: 27 December 2010
- **monarch**: Juan Carlos I of Spain, Juan Carlos I
- **vicepresident**: Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira
- **predecessor**: Pasqual Maragall
- **successor**: Artur Mas
- **order2**: Mayor of Cornellà de Llobregat
- **term start2**: 1985
- **term end2**: 17 April 2004
- **predecessor2**: Frederic Prieto
- **successor2**: Antonio Balmón i Arévalo
- **order3**: Cabinet of Spain, Minister of Industry, Trade and Tourism
- **term start3**: 17 April 2004
- **term end3**: 8 September 2006
- **president3**: José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
- **predecessor3**: Juan Costa Climent
- **successor3**: Joan Clos
- **office4**: Spanish Senate, Spanish Senator
 for designation of the Parliament of Catalonia
- **term start4**: 1 December 2011
- **term end4**: 8 May 2019
- **birth place**: Iznájar, Province of Córdoba (Spain), Province of Córdoba, Francoist Spain, Spain
- **party**: Socialists' Party of Catalonia
- **spouse**: Anna Hernández
- **children**: Three sons and two daughters
- **occupation**: Politician
- **signature**: Signatura Montilla.jpg
Artur Mas

**Artur Mas i Gavarró** (; born 31 January 1956) is a Spanish politician. He was president of the Government of Catalonia from 2010 to 2015 and acting president from September 2015 to 12 January 2016.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honorable#Catalonia, The Right Honourable
- **name**: Artur Mas
- **image**: File:Artur Mas - Fotografia oficial.jpg
- **order**: 129th
- **office**: President of the Government of Catalonia
- **monarch**: Juan Carlos I of Spain, Juan Carlos I
Felipe VI of Spain, Felipe VI
- **vicepresident**: Joana Ortega
Neus Munté
- **term start**: 24 December 2010
- **term end**: 11 January 2016
- **predecessor**: José Montilla
- **successor**: Carles Puigdemont
- **office1**: List of First Ministers of Catalonia, First Minister of Catalonia
- **president1**: Jordi Pujol
- **term start1**: 19 January 2001
- **term end1**: 20 December 2003
- **predecessor1**: Josep Tarradellas
- **successor1**: Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira
- **office2**: Leader of the Opposition of Catalonia
- **term start2**: 27 May 2004
- **term end2**: 23 December 2010
- **predecessor2**: Pasqual Maragall
- **successor2**: Joaquim Nadal
- **office3**: List of Ministers of Economy and Knowledge of Catalonia, Minister of Economy and Finance of Catalonia
- **president3**: Jordi Pujol
- **term start3**: 30 July 1997
- **term end3**: 17 January 2001
- **predecessor3**: Macià Alavedra
- **successor3**: Francesc Homs Ferret
- **office4**: List of Ministers of Planning and Sustainability of Catalonia, Minister of Town and Country Town and Public Works of Catalonia
- **president4**: Jordi Pujol
- **term start4**: 15 June 1995
- **term end4**: 30 July 1997
- **predecessor4**: Jaume Roma i Rodríguez, Jaume Roma
- **successor4**: Pere Macias
- **birth name**: Artur Mas i Gavarró
- **birth place**: Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- **nationality**: Spanish
- **party**: Catalan European Democratic Party
- **spouse**: Helena Rakosnik
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: University of Barcelona
- **signature**: Signatura Artur Mas.svg
Hugo Clément

**Hugo Clément** (born 7 October 1989 in Strasbourg) is a French journalist.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hugo Clément
- **image**: Hugo Clément 2017.jpg
- **caption**: Hugo Clément in 2017
- **birth place**: Strasbourg
- **nationality**: French people, French
- **occupation**: Journalist
Southeast Region, Brazil

**Southeast Brazil** () is one of five official regions in Brazil.  It borders South Brazil, Center-West Brazil, and Northeast Brazil.  It makes 60% of Brazil's gross domestic product.  Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro,  Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo  are all in Southeast Brazil.
Tom and Jerry: The Movie

***Tom and Jerry: The Movie*** (also known as ***Tom and Jerry: The Great Escape***) is an 1993 German-American animated comedy-adventure musical family movie directed by Phil Roman produced by Film Roman and Turner Entertainment, distributed by Miramax Films, released in Germany by October 1, 1992 and United States on July 30, 1993. as the first film's installment of the Tom and Jerry Movie trilogy, with few direct-to-video sequels then.

## Voice cast

- Richard Kind as Tom Cat
- Dana Hill as Jerry Mouse
- Anndi McAfee as Robyn Starling
- Ed Gilbert as Puggsy
- David Lander as Frankie Da Flea
- Charlotte Rae as Aunt Pristine Figg
- Tony Jay as Lickboot
- Rip Taylor as Captain Kiddie
- Howard Morris as Squawk
- Henry Gibson as Dr. Applecheek
- Michael Bell as Ferdinand, Straycatcher 1/Larry
- Sydney Lassick as Straycatcher 2/Sid
- Don Messick as Droopy
Additional voices include Raymond McLeod as Bulldog, Alley Cat 1, Scott Wohjahn as Alley Cat 3, Mitchell D. Moore as Alley Cat 2, Greg Burson, BJ Ward, Tino Insana.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Tom and Jerry: The Movie
- **image**: Tom and Jerry — The Movie.png
- **director**: Phil Roman
- **producer**: Phil Roman
Bill Schultz
- **writer**: Dennis Marks
- **starring**: Richard Kind
Dana Hill
Anndi McAfee
Charlotte Rae
Tony Jay
Ed Gilbert
David L. Lander
Michael Bell
Howard Morris
- **music**: Henry Mancini
Randy Edelman
- **editing**: William Hanna
- **production companies**: WMG Film
Film Roman
Live Entertainment
Turner Entertainment Co.
- **distributor**: Miramax Films
Warner Bros (USA Home video)
- **runtime**: 84 minutes
- **country**: United States
Germany
- **language**: English
Beyond the Forest

***Beyond the Forest*** is a 1949 American crime drama movie directed by King Vidor and was based on the novel of the same name by Stuart Engstrand. It stars Bette Davis, Joseph Cotten, David Brian, Ruth Roman, Minor Watson, Regis Toomey and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1950.
Ólafur Darri Ólafsson

**Ólafur Darri Ólafsson** (born 13 March 1973) is an Icelandic actor, producer and screenwriter. He is known for roles in movies such as _Children_ (2006), _The Deep_ (2012), _The Secret Life of Walter Mitty_ (2013) and _The Vanishing_ (2018). His television work includes shows such as _Trapped_ and _Lady Dynamite_.

Ólafur was born in Connecticut, United States, the son of Icelandic parents. He holds dual citizenship of Iceland and the United States. He has two children with dancer Lovísa Ósk Gunnarsdóttir.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ólafur Darri Ólafsson
- **image**: Olafur Darri Olafsson by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Ólafur at the 2019 WonderCon
- **birth place**: Connecticut, US
- **children**: 2
- **years active**: 1998–present
New York's 21st congressional district

**New York's 21st congressional district** is a congressional district in the state of New York in the United States of America. As of the 2020 United States presidential election Republican representative Elise Stefanik is the current representative for the district. The district is the largest district in New York and is made up of the entire counties of, Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Fulton, Hamilton, Jefferson, Lewis, St. Lawrence, Warren, and Washington. Parts of Herkimer and Saratoga counties are also part of the 21st district.

## Recent election results

|Year|Candidate|Winner Result|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1992|Bill Clinton (D)|48%|
|1996|Bill Clinton (D)|57%|
|2000|Al Gore (D)|56%|
|2004|John Kerry (D)|55%|
|2008|Barack Obama (D)|58%|
|2012|Barack Obama (D)|52.2%|
|2016|Donald Trump (R)|54%|

|Party|Candidate|Result|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Republican|Elise Stefanik (Incumbent)|58.8% (winner)|
|Democrat|Tedra Cobb|41.1%|

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: New York
- **district number**: 21
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2025
- **representative**: Elise Stefanik
- **party**: Republican
- **residence**: Schuylerville
- **percent urban**: 42.30
- **percent rural**: 57.70
- **population**: 767,195
- **population year**: 2023
- **median income**: $70,193
- **percent white**: 87.6
- **percent hispanic**: 3.5
- **percent black**: 2.5
- **percent asian**: 0.9
- **percent more than one race**: 4.2
- **percent other race**: 0.3
- **percent native american**: 0.9
- **cpvi**: R+10
Tostig Godwinson

**Tostig Godwinson** lived in England in the 11th century and was the younger brother of King Harold II. He was the third son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex, and his Danish wife, Gytha, who was the daughter of Thorkell Sprakaleg.

Tostig, his father and his brothers were banished from England in 1051 by King Edward the Confessor but returned in 1052. After Siward, Earl of Northumbria, died three years later, Tostig was appointed Earl of Northumbria, Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire.

Tostig rebelled against Harold and fought alongside the Danish forces at the Battle of Stamford Bridge but died in battle.
Munchos

**Munchos** are a potato chips snack food. They are manufactured from dehydrated potatoes by Frito-Lay.

Munchos are somewhat similar to Lay's Stax and Pringles. These are also made with dried potatoes. They are kosher.

The chips were first made in 1969.
Lay's Stax

**Lay's Stax** is a potato chip snack food. It was produced by Frito-Lay. It was introduced in 2003 as a direct competition to Pringles.

Lay's Stax potato chips are heavier and thicker than Pringles. The shape of Stax is a simple curve called a hyperbolic cylinder. Pringles are formed into a double-curve.
The Eve of St. Mark

***The Eve of St. Mark*** is a 1944 American World War II fantasy movie directed by John M. Stahl and was based on the 1942 play of the same name by Maxwell Anderson. It stars Vincent Price, Harry Morgan, Ruth Nelson, Anne Baxter and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Langbian Plateau frog

The **Langbian Plateau frog ** or **Chantaburi Stream frog** (_"Hylarana" montivaga_) is a frog from Vietnam and Thailand. Scientists think it may also live in Cambodia and Laos.
Dodie Stevens

**Dodie Stevens** (born **Geraldine Ann Pasquale**; February 17, 1946) is an American pop and rock singer. She's best known for her 1959 song "Pink Shoe Laces". It began at #96 on the United States _Billboard_ Hot 100. It peaked at #3 on the chart.

Other Stevens songs are "Merry, Merry Christmas Baby."

Stevens was born in Chicago, Illinois. She and her family moved to the San Gabriel Valley in California when she was a child.
San Gabriel Valley

The **San Gabriel Valley** is one of the main valleys in Southern California. It lies generally to the east of Los Angeles. The surrounding areas include:

- The San Gabriel Mountains to the north

- San Rafael Hills to the west

- Puente Hills to the south, with the coastal plain of Orange County beyond

- Chino Hills and San Jose Hills to the east, with the Pomona Valley and Inland Empire beyond

The San Gabriel Valley gets its name from the San Gabriel River.

Pasadena is the largest city in the valley.

## Cities and communities

The San Gabriel Valley is in Los Angeles County. The incorporated cities and unincorporated neighborhoods of the San Gabriel Valley include:

- Altadena
- Alhambra
- Arcadia
- Avocado Heights
- Azusa
- Baldwin Park
- Bassett
- Bradbury
- Charter Oak
- Citrus
- City of Industry
- Claremont
- Covina
- Diamond Bar
- Duarte
- East Pasadena
- El Monte
- Glendora
- Hacienda Heights
- Hillgrove
- Irwindale
- La Puente
- La Verne
- Los Angeles (El Sereno)
- Mayflower Village
- Monrovia
- Monterey Park
- North El Monte
- Pasadena
- Pomona
- Rosemead
- Rowland Heights
- San Dimas
- San Gabriel
- San Marino
- San Pasqual
- Sierra Madre
- South El Monte
- South Pasadena
- South San Gabriel
- South San Jose Hills
- Temple City
- Valinda
- Vincent
- Walnut
- West Covina
- West Puente Valley
While the City Sleeps (1956 movie)

***While the City Sleeps*** is a 1956 American crime thriller movie directed by Fritz Lang and was based on the 1953 novel _The Bloody Spur_ by Charles Einstein. It stars Dana Andrews, Rhonda Fleming, George Sanders, Howard Duff, Thomas Mitchell, Vincent Price, John Drew Barrymore and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.
Cup (unit)

The **cup** is a unit of measure in the U.S. customary system. It is defined as 8 fluid ounces.
Bearberry

**Bearberry** is the name for three species of  small woody plants in the heath family, Ericaceae. They grow well in cold places. Each species has subspecies. They can grow well in poor soil (for example soil that is mostly sand).

They have edible fruit. Their leaves are sometimes used for folk medicine. The common name comes from the fact that bears often eat them.

## Species

The three species are:

- **Alpine bearberry**, _Arctostaphylos alpina_: Grows in the Alps, and is 10-30cm high.
- **Red bearberry**, _Arctostaphylos  rubra_: Grows in the mountains in Sichuan province, China, Siberia, Alaska, and northern Canada.  Leaves fall offf in autumn. Also 10-30cm high. Fruit are red.
- **Common bearberry**, _Arctostaphylos uva-ursi:_ Common in the northern Hemisphere. This is what most people refer to as 'bearberry'.
Barbara Rose

**Barbara Ellen Rose** (June 11, 1936 – December 25, 2020) was an American art historian, art critic, curator, college professor, and filmmaker. She was born in Washington, D.C.. She wrote the screenplay for the 1977 documentary _North Star: Mark di Suvero_. Rose wrote for _Vogue_, _Art in America_, _Artforum_, and _Partisan Review_.

Rose died on December 25, 2020, from problems caused by breast cancer in Concord, New Hampshire, aged 84.
Bronisława Kowalska

**Bronisława Kowalska** (1955 – 26 December 2020) was a Polish politician. She was a Deputy from 1993 to 2005 and was a Member of the European Parliament in 2004. Kowalska was born in Starachowice, Poland.

Kowalska died on 26 December 2020 from COVID-19 in Warsaw at the age of 65.
José Luiz Carbone

**José Luiz Carbone** (22 March 1946 – 27 December 2020) was a Brazilian footballer and coach. He was born in São Paulo. He played for São Paulo, Ponte Preta, Metropol, Internacional, Botafogo and Nacional (SP).

He played for the Brazilian national team from 1973 to 1974 making six appearances.

Carbone died of liver cancer in hospital in Campinas, Brazil on 27 December 2020 at the age of 74.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: José Luiz Carbone
- **fullname**: José Luiz Carbone
- **birth place**: São Paulo, Brazil
- **death place**: Campinas, Brazil
- **position**: Defensive midfielder
- **years1**: 1963–1967
- **clubs1**: São Paulo FC, São Paulo
- **years2**: 1966
- **clubs2**: → Associação Atlética Ponte Preta, Ponte Preta (loan)
- **years3**: 1968
- **clubs3**: Esporte Clube Metropol, Metropol
- **years4**: 1969–1973
- **clubs4**: Sport Club Internacional, Internacional
- **years5**: 1973–1978
- **clubs5**: Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas, Botafogo
- **caps5**: 52
- **goals5**: 1
- **years6**: 1978–1981
- **clubs6**: Nacional Atlético Clube (SP), Nacional (SP)
- **nationalyears1**: 1973–1974
- **nationalteam1**: Brazil national football team, Brazil
- **nationalcaps1**: 6
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **managerclubs1**: Fluminense FC, Fluminense
- **managerclubs2**: Guarani FC, Guarani
Marian Jochman

**Marian Gerard Jochman** (2 February 1935 – 27 December 2020) was a Polish long-distance runner. He competed in the men's 5000 metres at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Jochman died on 27 December 2020 at the age of 85.
Antonio Velasco Piña

**Antonio Velasco Piña** (8 September 1935 – 27 December 2020) was a Mexican novelist, spiritual writer and essayist. He was the founder of La Nueva Mexicanidad, a group supporting Aztec religion. He was born in Buenavista de Cuellar, Guerrero.

Velasco Piña died on 27 December 2020 in Mexico City at the age of 85.

## Works

- _Anibal y Escipion_ (2013)
- _San Judas Tadeo_ (2010)
- _Cartas a Elizabeth_
- _Dos Guerreros Olmecas_
- _Regina - Dos de octubre no se olvida_ (1987)
- _El despertar de Teotihuacan_ (1994)
- _Tlacaelel, El Azteca entre los Aztecas_
- _La mujer dormida debe dar a luz_
- _El retorno de lo sagrado_
- _El círculo negro. El grupo secreto detrás del poder en México_ (2006)
Phil Niekro

**Philip Henry Niekro** ( ; April 1, 1939 – December 26, 2020), nicknamed "**Knucksie**", was an American baseball pitcher. He played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), 20 of them with the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves. He played with New York Yankees, Cleveland Indians and Toronto Blue Jays.

Niekro was honored into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1997. He was born in Blaine, Ohio.

Niekro died of cancer on December 26, 2020 in Flowery Branch, Georgia at the age of 81.
Hugo Travers

**Heinrich Travers** (born 6 April 1997 in Versailles), also known as **HugoDécrypte**, is a French journalist and YouTuber.

Hugo Travers is known for his YouTube videos which feature daily news updates in French, and more detailed videos on his second channel.

On September 22, 2025, Hugo Travers announced the launch of an office in the French-speaking province of Quebec, Canada, to offer "quality, local information to its subscribers".

## Infobox (youtube personality)

- **name**: Hugo Travers
- **image**: Hugo Travers 2020.jpg
- **birth place**: Versailles
- **nationality**: French people, French
British people, British
- **occupation**: Journalist
- **pseudonym**: HugoDécrypte
- **channel name**: HugoDécrypte
- **years active**: 2015-present
- **genre**: Journalism
- **subscribers**: 2.83 million (2024)
- **silver button**: yes
- **gold button**: yes
- **diamond button**: y
- **ruby button**: y
- **red diamond button**: y
Blaine, Ohio

**Blaine** is an unincorporated community in northern Pease Township, Belmont County, Ohio, United States. It has a post office, with the ZIP code of 43909.
Pease Township, Belmont County, Ohio

**Pease Township** is one of sixteen townships of Belmont County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census showed 12,849 people living in the township.
Flowery Branch, Georgia

**Flowery Branch** is a city in Hall County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had 9,391 people living here.
Margaret Weis

**Margaret Weis** (March 16, 1948 – ) was an American fantasy and science fiction writer and author of dozens of novels and short stories. She is one of the creators of the _Dragonlance_ game world.

## Dragonlance

In 1983, Weis signed up for a job as games editor at TSR Inc. She didn't get that job. She was, however, hired as book editor. She worked in the TSR book division until 1986.

Weis was born in Independence, Missouri. She now lives in Wisconsin.
Murder of Dee Dee Blanchard

On June 14, 2015, **Clauddine "Dee Dee" Blanchard** was found murdered in the bedroom of her house in Springfield, Missouri. Her body was lying on the bed covered in blood from stab wounds which were caused days earlier.

Dee Dee's daughter Gypsy Rose, was not in the house at the time the body's discovery.

The following day, police found Gypsy Rose in Wisconsin, where she had traveled with her boyfriend Nicholas Godejohn.

Godejohn and Gypsy planned and killed Dee Dee while she was sleeping. afterward they called a cab to take them to a hotel. Gypsy sent Godejohn out to wait in the cab, while she remained in the house with Dee Dees body for 45 minutes. There is a lot of speculation about her staging the crime scene while she was alone with her mother's body. Gypsy has refused to comment on these accusations.

Gypsy Rose was given a plea of second-degree murder and  served 7.5 years of a 10 year sentence. After a brief trial in November 2018 Godejohn was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.

After serving 85% of her sentence, Gypsy Rose was released from prison on December 28, 2023. and has gone on to have a reality TV series. She has stirred up drama via social media and has become known as a pathological liar, which leaves many people questioning the claims she made about being abused.  Most people believe Gypsy lied about her mother having muncheausens by proxy to cover for the real reason she enlisted a developmentally delayed, Nicholas Godejohn to help murder her. Some believe the real reason is because GRB is a sexually deviant abuser, herself and that Dee Dee was planning to tell the truth about all the scams that Gypsy was most likely forcing her to facilitate.  It is believed that Gypsy wanted to create another scenario that would make the public feel sorry for her and also allow her to indulge in her deviant fantasies, while still appearing to the public, to be sick and now totally helpless, without her beloved mother to care for her.
Motorola Mobility

**Motorola**, whose corporate name is **Motorola Mobility LLC**, is an American telecommunications and consumer electronics company, a subsidiary of the Chinese technology conglomerate Lenovo. The company primarily manufactures smartphones and other mobile devices running the Android operating system.

In 2011, Motorola Inc. was split into two independent franchises. Motorola Mobility was created as a spin-off of Motorola's former phone arm, while Motorola Solutions retained the equipment business, such as servers and telecommunications networks, after the original name was renamed. Therefore, the direct legal successor to Motorola Inc. is **Motorola Solutions**.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Motorola Mobility LLC
- **logo**:
- **logo caption**: Logo used since 2017
- **image**: Merchandise Mart 080405.jpg
- **image upright**: 1.15
- **image caption**: Headquarters at Merchandise Mart, Chicago, Illinois
- **former name**: Motorola Mobility Holdings, Inc. (2011–2014)
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **predecessor**: Motorola, Inc.
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **industry**: Consumer electronics
- **key people**: Sergio Buniac (President)
- **products**: Smartphones
Smartwatches
Smartphone accessories
Televisions
- **num employees**: 1,001–5,000
- **parent**: Google (2012–2014)
Lenovo (2014–present)
- **subsid**: Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC
- **hq location**: Merchandise Mart
- **location country**: United States
Arbutus

**Arbutus** is a genus of flowering plants in the Ericaceae family. There are 12 species, which mostly grow around the Mediterranean, and in Central America. The type species is Arbutus unedo, which is known as strawberry tree in English. All species are either trees or shrubs.

Certain Lepidoptera species use Arbutus as food. Some species are cultivated as ornamental plant<nowiki/>s outside their range.
Norman Thavaud

**Norman Thavaud** (born 14 April 1987) is a French YouTuber.

## Infobox (youtube personality)

- **name**: Norman Thavaud
- **image**: Norman Thavaud Cannes 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Thavaud in 2015
- **birth name**: Norman Jacky Cyril Thavaud
- **birth place**: Arras, France
- **nationality**: French
- **occupation**: YouTuber
- **channel direct url**: @NormanFaitDesVideos
- **channel display name**: Norman Thavaud
- **years active**: 2011–present
- **subscribers**: 12.1 million
- **associated acts**: Cyprien Iov
- **silver button**: yes
- **gold button**: yes
- **diamond button**: yes
A Star Is Burns

"**A Star Is Burns**" is the 18th episode of the 6th season of ***The Simpsons***. It was first shown on the Fox network on March 5, 1995.

## Infobox (television episode)

- **series**: The Simpsons
- **season**: 6
- **episode**: 18
- **director**: Susie Dietter
- **writer**: Ken Keeler
- **production**: 2F31
- **guests**: Jon Lovitz as Jay Sherman
Maurice LaMarche as George C. Scott, Jay Sherman’s burp, and Eudora Welty’s burp
Phil Hartman as Judah Ben-Hur
- **prev**: Homer vs. Patty and Selma
- **next**: Lisa's Wedding
- **season article**: The Simpsons (season 6)
- **episode list**: List of The Simpsons episodes
Dobsonian telescope

A **Dobsonian telescope** is a Newtonian telescope design.

It is "altazimuth-mounted".  An **altazimuth** or **alt-azimuth mount** is a simple two-axis mount. It supports and rotates an instrument about two perpendicular axes – one vertical and the other horizontal.

Rotation about the vertical axis varies the compass bearing of where the instrument points (the azimuth). Rotation about the horizontal axis varies the altitude (angle of elevation) of the pointing direction.

It was popularised by John Dobson in 1965. It increased the size of telescopes for amateur astronomers. Dobson's telescopes had a simplified mechanical design that was easy to make from readily available components. It made a large, portable, low-cost telescope.

The design works for looking at faint, deep-sky objects such as nebulae and galaxies. This type of observation needs a large objective diameter (i.e. light-gathering power) of relatively short focal length. It can be taken to less light-polluted places.
Lava lamp

A **lava lamp** is a decorative lamp, invented in 1963 by British entrepreneur Edward Craven Walker, who made the lighting company Mathmos. The lamp usually takes 2 to 6 hours to heat up, but this also depends on the light bulb which is heating the wax. The lamps are designed in a variety of styles and colours, for example, a mixture of blue and red. The wax inside usually reflects the colours.
Arthur Berckmans

**Arthur Berckmans** (3 May 1929 – 28 December 2020), better known as **Berck**, was a Belgian comics writer. He wrote _Sammy_. He was born in Leuven, Belgium. He retired in 1994. He also worked on _Zonneland_.

Berckmans died on 28 December 2020 at the age of 91.
Maria Gąsienica Bukowa-Kowalska

**Maria Gąsienica Bukowa-Kowalska** (2 January 1936 – 27 December 2020) was a Polish cross-country skier. She competed in the women's 10 km and the women's 3 × 5 km relay events at the 1956 Winter Olympics. Bukowa-Kowalska was born in Kościelisko, Poland.

Bukowa-Kowalska died on 27 December 2020 at the age of 84.
Armando Manzanero

**Armando Manzanero Canché** (7 December 1935 – 28 December 2020) was a Mexican bolero singer-songwriter, composer and pianist. He was born in Mérida, Yucatán. His career began in 1950. His record label was RCA Records. His best known singles were: "Somos Novios (It's Impossible)", "Mía" and "Adoro".

In 2014, Manzanero was honored with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

On 17 December 2020, Manzanero was hospitalized in Mexico City after being diagnosed with COVID-19. He died five days later from the infection, aged 85.
Mérida, Yucatán

**Mérida** () is the capital and largest city in the Yucatán state in Mexico. It is also the largest city of the Yucatán Peninsula.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Mérida
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: File:Collage Merida Yucatan.jpg
- **image caption**: Collage of the City of Mérida
- **image shield**: Escudo_de_Merida_Yucatan.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Yucatán (state), Yucatán
- **subdivision type2**: Municipalities of Yucatán, Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Mérida Municipality, Mérida
- **pushpin map**: Mexico Yucatán
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Yucatán
- **leader title**: Municipal President of Mérida, Mayor
- **leader party**: National Action Party (Mexico), PAN
- **leader name**: Cecilia Patrón Laviada
- **established title**: City founded
- **established date**: January 6, 1542
- **population as of**: 2015
- **population total**: 892,363
- **population density km2**: 858.41
- **population blank1 title**: Demonym
- **population blank1**: Meridian
- **timezone**: Central Standard Time, CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation m**: 10
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **area code**: 999
- **postal code**: 97000
- **blank name sec2**: Major airport
- **blank info sec2**: Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport
- **blank1 name sec2**: IATA Airport Code, IATA Code
- **blank1 info sec2**: Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, MID
- **blank2 name sec2**: ICAO airport code, ICAO Code
- **blank2 info sec2**: Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, MMMD
- **blank3 name sec2**: INEGI Code
- **blank3 info sec2**: 310500001
- **blank4 name sec2**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank4 info sec2**: Tropical savanna climate, Aw
Chris Wilder

**Christopher John Wilder** (born 23 September 1967) is an English professional football manager who had played as a right-back. He is the manager of EFL Championship club Sheffield United.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Chris Wilder
- **image**: Chris Wilder.png
- **alt**: Chris Wilder
- **caption**: Wilder in 2008
- **full name**: Christopher John Wilder
- **birth place**: Stocksbridge, Sheffield, England
- **position**: Right-back
- **youthyears1**: 1982–1986
- **youthclubs1**: Southampton F.C., Southampton
- **years1**: 1986–1992
- **clubs1**: Sheffield United F.C., Sheffield United
- **caps1**: 93
- **goals1**: 1
- **years2**: 1989
- **clubs2**: → Walsall F.C., Walsall (loan)
- **caps2**: 4
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 1990
- **clubs3**: → Charlton Athletic F.C., Charlton Athletic (loan)
- **caps3**: 1
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 1991
- **clubs4**: → Charlton Athletic F.C., Charlton Athletic (loan)
- **caps4**: 2
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 1992
- **clubs5**: → Leyton Orient F.C., Leyton Orient (loan)
- **caps5**: 16
- **goals5**: 1
- **years6**: 1992–1996
- **clubs6**: Rotherham United F.C., Rotherham United
- **caps6**: 132
- **goals6**: 11
- **years7**: 1996–1997
- **clubs7**: Notts County F.C., Notts County
- **caps7**: 46
- **goals7**: 0
- **years8**: 1997–1998
- **clubs8**: Bradford City A.F.C., Bradford City
- **caps8**: 42
- **goals8**: 0
- **years9**: 1998–1999
- **clubs9**: Sheffield United F.C., Sheffield United
- **caps9**: 12
- **goals9**: 0
- **years10**: 1998
- **clubs10**: → Northampton Town F.C., Northampton Town (loan)
- **caps10**: 1
- **goals10**: 0
- **years11**: 1999
- **clubs11**: → Lincoln City F.C., Lincoln City (loan)
- **caps11**: 3
- **goals11**: 0
- **years12**: 1999
- **clubs12**: Brighton & Hove Albion F.C., Brighton & Hove Albion
- **caps12**: 11
- **goals12**: 0
- **years13**: 1999–2001
- **clubs13**: Halifax Town A.F.C., Halifax Town
- **caps13**: 51
- **goals13**: 1
- **totalcaps**: 414
- **totalgoals**: 14
- **manageryears1**: 2001–2002
- **managerclubs1**: Alfreton Town F.C., Alfreton Town
- **manageryears2**: 2002–2008
- **managerclubs2**: Halifax Town A.F.C., Halifax Town
- **manageryears3**: 2008–2014
- **managerclubs3**: Oxford United F.C., Oxford United
- **manageryears4**: 2014–2016
- **managerclubs4**: Northampton Town F.C., Northampton Town
- **manageryears5**: 2016–2021
- **managerclubs5**: Sheffield United F.C., Sheffield United
- **manageryears6**: 2021–2022
- **managerclubs6**: Middlesbrough F.C., Middlesbrough
- **manageryears7**: 2023
- **managerclubs7**: Watford F.C., Watford
Yaël Braun-Pivet

**Yaël Braun-Pivet** (born 7 December 1970 in Nancy) is a French lawyer, activism associative and politician. She was the Minister of the Overseas from May 2022 to June 2022.

Yaël was member of the Socialist Party (PS) and then of En Marche (now La République en Marche). She was elected as member of the national assembly on 18 June 2017, as a representative for the department of Yvelines.

She is Chair of the Committee on Constitutional Laws, Legislation and the General Administration of the Republic in the French National Assembly.

## Personal life

Braun-Pivet is married and has five children.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Yaël Braun-Pivet
- **image**: Yaël Braun-Pivet 4colonnes 19185.jpg
- **office**: List of presidents of the National Assembly of France, President of the National Assembly
- **term start**: 28 June 2022
- **predecessor**: Richard Ferrand
- **office1**: Minister of the Overseas (France), Minister of the Overseas
- **term start1**: 20 May 2022
- **term end1**: 25 June 2022
- **primeminister1**: Élisabeth Borne
- **predecessor1**: Sébastien Lecornu
- **successor1**: Élisabeth Borne
- **office2**: Member of the National Assembly (France), National Assembly
 for Yvelines's 5th constituency
- **term start2**: 21 June 2017
- **predecessor2**: Jacques Myard
- **birth place**: Nancy, France, Nancy, France
- **nationality**: French
- **party**: La République En Marche!
- **spouse**: Vianney Pivet
- **children**: 5
- **profession**: Lawyer
- **signature**: Signature Yaël Braun-Pivet.svg