juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kuniwo Nakamura

**Kuniwo Nakamura** (; November 24, 1943 – October 14, 2020) was a Palauan politician. He was the President of Palau from 1993 to 2001. He earlier was Vice President of Palau from 1989 to 1993.

Nakamura died on October 14, 2020 at the age of 76.

## Infobox (president)

- **image**: 中村國雄(cropped).jpg
- **name**: Kuniwo Nakamura
- **order**: 6th
- **office**: President of Palau
- **vicepresident**: Tommy Remengesau
- **term start**: January 1, 1993
- **term end**: January 1, 2001
- **predecessor**: Ngiratkel Etpison
- **successor**: Tommy Remengesau
- **office2**: 3rd Vice President of Palau
- **president2**: Ngiratkel Etpison
- **term start2**: January 1, 1989
- **term end2**: January 1, 1993
- **predecessor2**: Thomas Remengesau Sr.
- **successor2**: Tommy Remengesau
- **spouse**: Elong Nakamura
- **caption**: Nakamura in 2007
John Philip Saklil

**John Philip Saklil** (20 March 1960 – 3 August 2019) was an Indonesian prelate of the  Catholic Church who was Bishop of Timika from 2004 until his death in 2019.

Saklil died on 3 August 2019 in Timika at the age of 59.
Mike Troy

**Michael Francis Troy** (October 3, 1940 – August 3, 2019) was an American swimmer. He was a two-time Olympic champion, and world record-holder in three events.

Troy broke the world record in the 200-meter butterfly six consecutive times before it was taken over by fellow American swimmer Carl Robie in 1961. In 1971 he was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame.

Troy died on August 3, 2019 in Arizona at the age of 78.

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **name**: Mike Troy
- **image**: Mike Troy 1960.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Troy in 1960
- **fullname**: Michael Francis Troy
- **national team**: United States
- **strokes**: Butterfly stroke, Butterfly, freestyle swimming, freestyle
- **club**: Indianapolis Athletic Club
- **collegeteam**: Indiana Hoosiers, Indiana University
- **birth place**: Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.
- **death place**: Arizona, U.S.
Ernie Bowman

**Ernest Ferrell Bowman** (July 28, 1935 – August 4, 2019) was an American professional baseball player. He was an infielder who appeared in 165 games in Major League Baseball for the San Francisco Giants from 1961 to 1963.

He retired in 1969. Bowman died at his home in Johnson City, Tennessee on August 4, 2019 at the age of 84.

## Infobox (baseball biography)

- **name**: Ernie Bowman
- **position**: Infielder
- **image**: Ernie Bowman.jpeg
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Johnson City, Tennessee
- **death place**: Johnson City, Tennessee
- **debutleague**: MLB
- **debutdate**: April 12
- **debutteam**: San Francisco Giants
- **finalleague**: MLB
- **finaldate**: September 29
- **finalteam**: San Francisco Giants
- **statleague**: MLB
- **stat1label**: Batting average (baseball), Batting average
- **stat1value**: .190
- **stat2label**: Home runs
- **stat2value**: 1
- **stat3label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat3value**: 10
- **teams**: *San Francisco Giants (1961–1963)
Prime Minister of Cambodia

The **Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia** (, ) is the head of government  of Cambodia.

The prime minister is also the chairman of the Cabinet and leads the executive branch of the Royal Cambodian Government.

The prime minister is required to be a member of parliament, and is appointed by the monarch for a term of five years.

Since 1945, 36 individuals have served as prime minister; 32 as official prime ministers, and 4 in acting capacities.

The incumbent prime minister, since 2023, is Hun Manet of the Cambodian People's Party.

## History

King Norodom Sihanouk held the position in March 1945 during the time when Cambodia was a French protectorate. Sihanouk worked with Imperial Japan and declared independence from France on March 12, 1945. On 18 March, he said that he was the Prime Minister of Cambodia and formed the first government. It lasted until August 1945, when Sun Ngoc Thanh took the position.

The CPP-FUNCINPEC coalition of 1993 made it so that Hun Sen and Prince Norodom Ranariddh were both Prime Minister.

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Prime Minister
- **body**: the Kingdom of Cambodia
- **insignia**: Royal arms of Cambodia.svg
- **insigniasize**: 150px
- **termlength**: Five years, renewable
- **image**: Hun Manet 2016 cropped.jpg
- **incumbent**: Hun Manet
- **incumbentsince**: 22 August 2023
- **status**: Head of government
- **department**: Office of the Prime Minister (Cambodia), Office of the Prime Minister
Government of Cambodia, Royal Government of Cambodia
- **memberof**: Cabinet of Cambodia, Council of Ministers
Royal Council of the Throne, Council of the Throne
- **constituting instrument**: Constitution of Cambodia
- **style**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **residence**: Peace Palace, Phnom Penh, The Peace Palace
- **reportsto**: National Assembly of Cambodia, National Assembly
- **deputy**: Deputy Prime Minister of Cambodia, Deputy Prime Minister
- **seat**: Phnom Penh
- **salary**: Cambodian riel, KHR3,675,000, including KHR10,600,000 MP's salary
- **nominator**: List of political parties in Cambodia, Political parties
- **appointer**: King of Cambodia
- **inaugural**: Norodom Sihanouk
André Goosse

**André Goosse** (16 April 1926 – 4 August 2019) was a Belgian grammarian. He was known for his works on _Le Bon Usage_. In 1988, he married the Belgian writer France Bastia. He was a professor at the Université Catholique de Louvain. He was also the president of the Conseil international de la langue française.

Groosse died on 4 August 2019, at the age of 93.
Willi Tokarev

**Vilen Tokarev** (11 November 1934 – 4 August 2019), known professionally as **Willi Tokarev**, was a Russian-American singer-songwriter. He was known for his 80s music about life as a Russian immigrant in New York. In 1973, Tokarev's song "Murmanchanochka" ("Murmansk Girl") became a huge local hit.

Tokarev died on August 4, 2019 from cancer in Moscow, aged 84.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Willi Tokarev
- **image**: Villi Tokarev 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Tokarev in 2012
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Vilen Tokarev
- **birth place**: Chernyshov,
Adyghe Autonomous Oblast, USSR
- **death place**: Moscow, Russia
- **genre**: Russian chanson
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter
Bob Wilber

**Robert Sage Wilber** (March 15, 1928 – August 4, 2019) was an American jazz clarinetist, saxophonist, and band leader. He was popular in the 1950s and 1960s, including Bobby Hackett, Benny Goodman, Sidney Bechet, Jack Teagarden and Eddie Condon.

In the late 1960s, he was an original member of the World's Greatest Jazz Band, and in the early 70s of Soprano Summit, a band which gained wide attention. In the late 1970s, he formed the Bechet Legacy Band.

Wilber died at the age of 91 in Chipping Campden, England on August 4, 2019.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Bob Wilber
- **image**: Bob Wilber.jpg
- **caption**: Bob Wilber at the North Sea Jazz Festival in the late 1970s
- **image size**: 250
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Robert Sage Wilber
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **death place**: Chipping Campden, England, U.K.
- **genre**: Jazz, dixieland
- **occupation**: Musician
- **instrument**: Saxophone, clarinet
- **years active**: 1940s–2010s
- **label**: Arbors Records, Arbors
- **associated acts**: Kenny Davern, Dick Hyman, Soprano Summit, World's Greatest Jazz Band, Sidney Bechet
Josef Kadraba

**Josef Kadraba** (29 September 1933 – 5 August 2019) was a Czech football player. He played for Czechoslovakia, playing 17 matches and scoring 9 goals. He attended the 1962 FIFA World Cup, where Czechoslovakia won the silver medal.

## Other websites

- Article at iDnes.cz

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Josef Kadraba
- **image**: Josef Kadraba 1962.jpg
- **caption**: Kadraba in 1962
- **birth place**: Řevničov, Czechoslovakia
- **death place**: Vienna, Austria
- **position**: Forward
- **youthclubs1**: Sokol Rakovník
- **years1**: 1953
- **years2**: 1954–1955
- **years3**: 1955–1957
- **years4**: 1958–1965
- **years5**: 1965–1967
- **years6**: 1967–1973
- **years7**: 1973–1979
- **clubs1**: Slovan Liberec, Slavoj Liberec
- **clubs2**: Tankista Prague
- **clubs3**: Sparta Prague
- **clubs4**: SK Kladno, SONP Kladno
- **clubs5**: Slavia Prague
- **clubs6**: SC Hinteregger
- **clubs7**: SK Slovan Wien
- **caps4**: 289
- **goals4**: 132
- **nationalyears1**: 1958–1963
- **nationalteam1**: Czechoslovakia national football team, Czechoslovakia
- **nationalcaps1**: 17
- **nationalgoals1**: 9
Bjorg Lambrecht

**Bjorg Lambrecht** (2 April 1997 – 5 August 2019) was a Belgian cyclist. He rode for UCI WorldTeam . In August 2018, he was named in the startlist for the 2018 Vuelta a España.

Lambrecht died on 5 August 2019 after crashing into a concrete tunnel during the third stage of the 2019 Tour de Pologne, at age 22.

## Infobox (cyclist)

- **name**: Bjorg Lambrecht
- **image**: Lillers_-_Grand_Prix_de_Lillers-Souvenir_Bruno_Comini,_6_mars_2016_(B141).JPG
- **caption**: Lambrecht in 2016.
- **fullname**: Bjorg Lambrecht
- **birth place**: Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
- **death place**: Bełk, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
- **height**: 168 cm
- **weight**: 56 kg
- **discipline**: Road
- **role**: Cyclist
- **amateuryears1**: 2016–2017
- **amateurteam1**: Lotto–Soudal U23
- **proyears1**: 2018–2019
Asif Mohseni

Grand Ayatollah **Muhammad Asif Mohseni** () (Sheik Mohseni) (26 April 1935 – 5 August 2019) was an Afghan politician and religious leader. He was seen as the most powerful Twelver shia Marja' in Afghanistan. He was the founder of the Islamic Movement of Afghanistan (_Harakat-I Islami-yi Afghanistan_). He was a Shia Pashtun. He was born in the city of Kandahar, Afghanistan.

Mohseni died on 2 August 2019 in Kabul at the age of 84.
Alejandro Serrano

**Nicanor Alejandro Serrano Aguilar** (13 January 1933 – 6 August 2019) was an Ecuadorian politician and sports leader.  He was born in Cuenca, Ecuador. Serrano was Vice President of Ecuador from 5 May 2005 to 15 January 2007. National Congress of Ecuador elected him to fill vacancy of Vicepresidency when Alfredo Palacio became President of Ecuador. Serrano has been a mayor, councilman, sports leader and civil engineer.

Serrano died on 6 August 2019 at a hospital in Cuenca from surgery-related problems, aged 86.
Molar heat capacity

The **molar heat capacity** of a substance is the energy needed to raise the temperature of one mole of it by one degree Celsius.

When using SI units, it can be calculated with the equation
where  refers to the molar heat capcity (in joules per Kelvin),  to the heat supplied (in joules) and  (in Kelvin) to the temperature change in the substance.

The molar heat capacity of a given substance can be found by heating the substance by releasing a known amount of energy into the substance and measuring the temperature change.

For example, a common school experiment to find the molar heat capacity of water involves heating a beaker of water with an immersion heater (that can display the heat released in joules on a display) and stirring the water, while checking the temperature at specific intervals.

For more accurate results, a bomb calorimeter can be used; these contain a chamber of fuel (in this case, a compound that will release heat when needed) inside a chamber of water, with the water chamber protected by heat-proof walls (to ensure minimal heat loss, which would affect the final heat capacity recorded).
Spontaneity (chemistry)

The **spontaneity** of a process refers to whether or not the reaction would occur without an input of energy, because of the value of the reaction's Gibbs free energy.

The Gibbs free energy is given by:

where  refers to the Gibbs free energy, to the enthalpy change,  to the temperature (in Kelvin) and  to the entropy change.

If the Gibbs free energy change is 0 or negative, the reaction is said to be spontaneous and can occur without an input of energy into the system. If the Gibbs free energy were above 0, the reaction would not be spontaneous and would require an input of energy in order for it to proceed.

In equilibrium reactions, a reaction one way will be spontaneous, while the reverse reaction will be non-spontaneous. Therefore, using a general formula for equilibria:

<chem>A <=> B + C</chem>

If the formation of compounds  and  from  were spontaneous, the formation of compound  from  and  would be non-spontaneous.

An example of a spontaneous process is the conversion of diamond into graphite, because graphite has a more thermodynamically stable structure. An example of a non-spontaneous process would be the combustion of methane in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, as this requires an input of energy.
Immobilized enzyme

An **immobilized enzyme** is an enzyme that is attached to an inert, insoluble material. This can provide a higher resistance to changes in condition such as pH or temperature.

## Commercial use

Immobilised enzymes can be important for commercial uses as they have many benefits to the cost and processes of the reaction such as:
- Convenience: small amounts of protein dissolve in the reaction so purification of the product is easier.
- Economy: The immobilized enzyme is easily removed from the reaction so it can be recycled. This is useful in the production of lactose-free milk as the milk can be drained from a container leaving the enzyme (lactase) inside for the next batch.
- Stability: Immobilised enzymes normally have a higher thermal and operational stability than the soluble form of the enzyme.
- Safety: In the past, biological washing powders contained proteases and lipases that would break down dirt but also irritate the skin if it was touched - immobilization prevents this from happening

## Methods

- Adsorption on glass: The enzyme is attached to a glass bead.
- Covalent bond: The enzyme is bound covalently to a support (such as silica gel).
- Cross-linkage: Multiple enzymes are bound together to create a matrix.
- Affinity-tag binding: Enzymes attached to a surface with protein tags.
U.S. Route 56

**U.S. Route 56** (**US 56**) is an east–west United States highway. It goes for  in the Midwestern United States. The highway's eastern endpoint is at U.S. Route 71 in Kansas City, Missouri. Its western endpoint is at Interstate 25 Business in Springer, New Mexico. Much of it follows the Santa Fe Trail.

## Route description

The highway goes through New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri. It also touches a corner of Texas at a small road junction near the New Mexico/Oklahoma border.

## Other websites

- Endpoints of U.S. Highway 56
- Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 56
- **map**: US 56 map.png
- **length mi**: 640
- **established**: 1957
- **direction a**: West
- **terminus a**: at Springer, New Mexico, Springer, NM
- **direction b**: East
- **terminus b**: at Kansas City, Missouri, Kansas City, MO
- **states**: New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri
U.S. Route 160

**U.S. Route 160** (**US 160**) is a 1,465 mile (2,358 km) long east–west United States highway in the Midwestern and Western United States. The western endpoint of the route is at US 89, five miles (8 km) west of Tuba City, Arizona. The eastern endpoint is at US 67 and Missouri 158, southwest of Poplar Bluff, Missouri.

Its route was made famous in song in 1975. This is because the road from Wolf Creek Pass to Pagosa Springs, Colorado in C.W. McCall's country music song "Wolf Creek Pass".

## Related routes

- U.S. Route 60
- U.S. Route 260
- U.S. Route 360
- U.S. Route 460

## Other websites

- Endpoints of US 160
- Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 160
- **map**: US 160 map.png
- **length mi**: 1465
- **length round**: 0
- **established**: 1930
- **direction a**: West
- **terminus a**: near Tuba City, Arizona, Tuba City, AZ
- **junction**: in Navajo County, Arizona, Navajo County, AZ

in Teec Nos Pos, Arizona, Teec Nos Pos, AZ

in Pagosa Springs, Colorado, Pagosa Springs, CO

in Alamosa, Colorado, Alamosa, CO

between Walsenburg, Colorado, Walsenburg and Trinidad, Colorado, Trinidad, CO

at Wellington, Kansas, Wellington, KS

at Lamar, Missouri, Lamar, MO

at Springfield, Missouri, Springfield, MO

in Springfield, MO

near Branson, MO
- **direction b**: East
- **terminus b**: near Poplar Bluff, Missouri, Poplar Bluff, MO
- **states**: Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri
- **spur type**: US
- **spur of**: 60
U.S. Route 166

**U.S. Route 166** (**US 166**) is a  west–east United States highway. This route and US-266 are the only two remaining parts of historic U.S. Route 66 (which was decommissioned in 1985), since US-666 was renumbered to US-491 in 2003.

US-166 meets the old route of US-66, now designated US-69 Alternate, in Baxter Springs in the southeast corner of Kansas.

## Route description

|-
|KS||
|-
|MO||
|-style="border-top:2px solid #666; background-color:#eaecf0;"
|Total||
|}

## Other websites

- Endpoints of US highway 166

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 166
- **map custom**: yes
- **map notes**: US 166 highlighted in red
- **maint**: Kansas Department of Transportation, KDOT and Missouri Department of Transportation, MoDOT
- **spur type**: US
- **spur of**: 66
- **length mi**: 164.159
- **established**: 1926
- **direction a**: West
- **terminus a**: in South Haven, Kansas, South Haven, KS
- **direction b**: East
- **terminus b**: near Joplin, Missouri, Joplin, MO
- **states**: Kansas, Missouri
- **counties**: **KS:** Sumner County, Kansas, Sumner, Cowley County, Kansas, Cowley, Chautauqua County, Kansas, Chautauqua, Montgomery County, Kansas, Montgomery, Labette County, Kansas, Labette, Cherokee County, Kansas, Cherokee
**MO:** Newton County, Missouri, Newton
U.S. Route 69

**U.S. Route 69** (**US 69**) is a major north–south United States highway.  When it was first created, it was only  long. It has been expanded into a Minnesota to Texas cross-country route. The highway's southern endpoint (as well as those of US 287 and US 96) is in Port Arthur, Texas at an intersection with State Highway 87. Its northern endpoint is in Albert Lea, Minnesota at Minnesota State Highway 13.

## Other websites

- Endpoints of U.S. Highway 69

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 69
- **map**: US 69 map.png
- **length mi**: 1136
- **length round**: 0
- **established**: 1926 (extended north 1934, south 1935)
- **direction a**: South
- **terminus a**: at Port Arthur, Texas, Port Arthur, TX
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus b**: at Albert Lea, Minnesota, Albert Lea, MN
- **states**: Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota
U.S. Route 270

**U.S. Route 270** (**US 270**) is a spur of US 70. It goes for  from Liberal, Kansas at US 54 to White Hall, Arkansas at Interstate 530 (I-530) and US 65. It goes through the states of Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. It goes through the cities of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Hot Springs, Arkansas, and McAlester, Oklahoma.

### Kansas

US 270 starts in the southeast part of Liberal, Kansas. It is at an intersection with US 83 (running north–south through the intersection) and US 54. US 270 follows the south partg of this intersection, following US 83 south. US 270 only goes  in Kansas before it goes into Oklahoma. Seward County is the only Kansas county that US-270 is in.

## Other website

- Endpoints of U.S. Highway 270

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 270
- **map**: US 270 map.png
- **length mi**: 643
- **established**: 1930
- **direction a**: West
- **direction b**: East
- **terminus a**: in Liberal, Kansas, Liberal, KS
- **terminus b**: at White Hall, Arkansas, White Hall, AR
- **states**: Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas
- **spur type**: US
- **spur of**: 70
U.S. Route 73

**U.S. Route 73** (**US 73**) is a north–south United States highway. it goes for  from northeast Kansas to southeast Nebraska. The highway's southern endpoint is Bonner Springs, Kansas at I-70. Its northern endpoint is near Dawson, Nebraska at US 75.

### Kansas

U.S. Route 73 starts at I-70 in Kansas City. It goes along with U.S. Route 24, U.S. Route 40, and K-7. Two miles north of its endpoint, US 24 and US 40 turn west; US 73 continues north with K-7. It goes north with K-7 through Lansing, where it intersects K-5. US 73 and K-7 then go through Leavenworth. It goes northwestern from Leavenworth. It meets K-192 near Easton. At Atchison, it turns west. At Atchison, K-7 ends. US 73 goes along with U.S. Route 59. It goes west. It then turns northwest near Lancaster at its intersection with K-9. It goes through Huron. It goes along with K-20 near Everest. It goes west into Horton, and it intersects U.S. Route 159. The two highways go north together, and they meet U.S. Route 36 at Hiawatha. After going northwest through Reserve, US-73 and US-159 turn north and enter Nebraska.

## Other websites

- Endpoints of U.S. Highway 73

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 73
- **map custom**: yes
- **map notes**: US 73 highlighted in red
- **length mi**: 113.14
- **length notes**: in Kansas
 in Nebraska
- **established**: 1926
- **direction a**: South
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus a**: in Bonner Springs, Kansas, Bonner Springs, KS
- **junction**: in Atchison, Kansas, Atchison, KS
 in Atchison, KS
 in Hiawatha, Kansas, Hiawatha, KS
- **terminus b**: in Dawson, Nebraska, Dawson, NE
- **states**: Kansas, Nebraska
- **counties**: **KS:** Wyandotte County, Kansas, Wyandotte, Leavenworth County, Kansas, Leavenworth, Atchison County, Kansas, Atchison, Brown County, Kansas, Brown
**NE:** Richardson County, Nebraska, Richardson
U.S. Route 75

**U.S. Route 75** is a major north–south U.S. Highway. It goes  in the central United States. The highway's northern endpoint is in Noyes, Minnesota, at the Canada–US border. Its southern endpoint is at Interstate 30 and Interstate 45 in Dallas, where it is called North Central Expressway.

U.S. 75 was a cross-country route. It went from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico at Galveston, Texas. However, the entire part south of Dallas has not been used in favor of Interstate 45. That part became Texas State Highway 75.

## Related roads

- U.S. Route 175
- U.S. Route 275

## Other websites

- Endpoints of US highway 75  - at usends.com

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 75
- **map**: US 75 map.png
- **length mi**: 1239
- **length round**: 0
- **established**: 1926
- **direction a**: South
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus a**: at Dallas, Dallas, TX
- **terminus b**: Canada–United States border, Canada–US border at Noyes, Minnesota, Noyes, MN; Port of Entry closed
- **states**: Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota
Roberto Totaro

**Roberto Totaro** (born 1957 in Belluno) is an Italian cartoonist. He is famous for the comic _Nirvana_, also translated into Spanish.

## Biography

Roberto Totaro was born in 1957 in Belluno, in northern Italy, and studied at Artistic Liceo (High School) and L'accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia (University of Art in Venice). He started his career during the 80's, learning from the Disney author Luciano Gatto, and drawing comics for the italian magazine Topolino (italian for Mickey Mouse).
U.S. Route 77

**U.S. Route 77** (**US 77**) is a major north–south United States highway. It goes for 1305 miles in the central United States. As of 2005, the highway's northern endpoint is in Sioux City, Iowa, at an interchange with Interstate 29. Its southern endpoint is in Brownsville, Texas, at Veteran's International Bridge on the U.S.-Mexico border.

The road does not have signs in and around Dallas, Texas. The route has major freeway parts in Oklahoma City. It includes the Broadway Extension part, which connects suburban Edmond to downtown Oklahoma City.

### Kansas

US-77 goes for  in Kansas. It is a Blue Star Memorial Highway between the U.S. 40 junction and the Cowley County line. In Cowley County, it is called the Robert B. Docking Memorial Highway. Near Arkansas City, it is called the Walnut Valley Greenway.

From Nebraska to U.S. 24 and from K-15 to Arkansas City, it is part of the National Highway System.

## Other websites

- Endpoints of U.S. Highway 77
- Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 77
- **map**: US 77 map.png
- **length mi**: 1305
- **length round**: 0
- **established**: 1926
- **direction a**: South
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus a**: at U.S.-Mexico border, Mexican Border in Brownsville, Texas, Brownsville, TX
- **terminus b**: at Sioux City, Iowa
- **states**: Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa
Sio (cartoonist)

**Simone Albrigi** (born 8 October 1988, Verona, Italy) better known as _Sio_ is an Italian cartoonist and youtuber.

## Biography

He was educated at Ca' Foscari University of Venice.

In 2006 he joined the group Shockdom and he pubblished his first Comic _L'uomo scottecs_. The English version of the comic was released in 2012.

Sio became a father in 2019, and on 30th May, he published his first videogame _Super Cane Magic ZERO - Legend of the Cane Cane_.
U.S. Route 81

**U.S. Route 81** or **U.S. Highway 81** (**US 81**) is a major north–south U.S. highway. It goes for  in the central United States. It is one of the original United States Numbered Highways created in 1926 by the American Association of State Highway Officials.

The route of US 81 follows that of the old Meridian Highway which dates back as early as 1911. The highway has alternately (and unofficially) been known as part of the Pan-American Highway. In the part in the state of Oklahoma, the highway closely follows the old Chisholm Trail for cattle drives from Texas to railheads in Kansas in the 1860s and 1870s.

As of 2004, the highway's northern endpoint is just north of Pembina, North Dakota, at the Canadian border.

Its southern endpoint is in Fort Worth, Texas, at an intersection with I-35W and US 287. Between 1926 and 1991, US 81's southern endpoint was at the Mexican border in Laredo, Texas. In 1991, the endpoint was moved to San Antonio.

## Other websites

- Endpoints of US 81

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 81
- **map**: US 81 map.png
- **length mi**: 1220
- **length round**: 0
- **established**: 1926, truncated to Fort Worth in the 1990s
- **direction a**: South
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus a**: at Fort Worth, Texas, Fort Worth, TX
- **terminus b**: /  at Pembina–Emerson Border Crossing near Pembina, ND
- **states**: Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota
U.S. Route 83

**U.S. Route 83** (**US 83**) is a major north–south U.S. Highway. It goes  in the central United States. Only four other north–south routes are longer: U.S. Routes 1, 41, 59, and 87. The highway's northern endpoint is north of Westhope, North Dakota, at the Canada–United States border. The southern endpoint is in Harlingen, Texas.

## More reading

- Reynolds, David. _Slow Road to Brownsville: A Journey Through the Heart of the Old West_. New York: Greystone Books, 2014. Narrative of a journey along U.S. Route 83 from Swan River, Manitoba to Brownsville, Texas
- Magnuson, Stew. _The Last American Highway: A Journey Through Time Down U.S. Route 83: The Dakotas: Volume 1 _. Court Bridge Publishing, 2014.
- Magnuson, Stew. _The Last American Highway: A Journey Through Time Down U.S Route 83 Nebraska Kansas Oklahoma: Volume 2_. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015.
- Magnuson, Stew. _The Last American Highway: A Journey Through Time Down U.S. Route 83 in Texas: Volume 3_. Court Bridge Publishing, 2017.

## Other websites

- Endpoints of U.S. Highway 83

## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 83
- **map**: US 83 map.png
- **length mi**: 1885
- **length round**: 0
- **established**: 1926
- **direction a**: South
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus a**: Veterans International Bridge at Los Tomates to  at the Mexico–United States border in Brownsville, Texas, Brownsville, TX
- **terminus b**: at the Canada–United States border near Westhope, North Dakota, Westhope, ND
- **states**: Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota
U.S. Route 400

**U.S. Route 400** (**US 400**) is a  mostly east–west U.S. Highway. It was created in 1994. The highway's western endpoint is in Granada, Colorado, at an intersection with US 385. The highway's eastern endpoint is southwest of Joplin, Missouri, near Loma Linda, at an interchange with Interstate 44. It originally ended in Garden City, Kansas; in 1996 it was made longer to its current western endpoint. Its route number does not follow the usual AASHTO numbering scheme, as there is no "parent" US 0.

### Colorado

US 400 begins in Granada at an intersection with US 385. It then goes along with US 50 through Holly east to the Kansas border.

### Kansas

US-400 and US-50 enter Kansas west of Coolidge. They go together through Garden City, where it intersects US-83. They separate at Dodge City. This is where it intersects US-56 and US-283. It goes southeast from Dodge City and first intersects US-54 at Mullinville.

US-400 and US-54 start going together at Mullinville. This goes through Greensburg, Pratt and Kingman before going into Wichita. While in Wichita, US-400 and US-54 intersect Interstate 235. It goes along with US-81 and Interstate 135. K-96 provides a short freeway connection to Interstate 35, which is also the Kansas Turnpike. At Augusta, US-400 and US-54 goes along with US-77. US-400 separates at Haverhill.

US-400 goes east through several small towns before turning southeast to go through the Fredonia area. It intersect US-75 at Neodesha. After going along with US-75, it turns east. It intersects U.S. Route 169 near Morehead and then US-59 near Parsons. Then it intersects US-69 south of Pittsburg. It then turns south with US-69. At Crestline, it follows US-69A south to Riverton. US-400 then turns east with US-166 at Baxter Springs. The two highways go eastward into Missouri.

### Missouri

US 400, along with US 166, ends at I-44 about one mile (1.6 km) east of the Kansas-Missouri state line. It is three miles (5 km) west of Joplin.

## Other websites

- Kansas Highway Maps: Current , Historic , KDOT
- Sanderson, Dale End of U.S. Highway 400  (with maps of US 400 and related routes)

## Infobox (road/browselinks/usa)

- **state**: CO


## Infobox (road/browselinks/usa)

- **state**: KS


## Infobox (road/browselinks/usa)

- **state**: MO


## Infobox (road)

- **country**: USA
- **type**: US
- **route**: 400
- **map**: US 400 map.png
- **length mi**: 481.306
- **established**: 1994
- **history**: Extended west in 1996
- **direction a**: West
- **terminus a**: in Granada, Colorado, Granada, CO
- **direction b**: East
- **terminus b**: near Joplin, Missouri, Joplin, MO
- **states**: Colorado, Kansas, Missouri
Tyson Foods

**Tyson Foods, Inc.** is an American multinational corporation based in Springdale, Arkansas. It is in the food industry. The company is the world's second biggest processor and marketer of chicken, beef, and pork after JBS S.A.. Every year, it exports the biggest percentage of beef out of the United States. It operates major food brands, including Jimmy Dean, Hillshire Farm, Sara Lee, Ball Park, Wright Brand, Aidells, and State Fair. Tyson Foods ranked No. 80 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.

## Profile

The company was created by John W. Tyson in 1935. World War II helped their business because chicken was not included in foods that were rationed. As of 2014, the company has 115,000 employees. They have more than 300 facilities, over 100 of which are in the US.

## Other websites

- Consumer web site for Tyson Foods
- Corporate web site for Tyson Foods

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Tyson Foods, Inc.
- **logo**: Tyson Foods logo.svg
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **traded as**: (Class A)
S&P 500, S&P 500 Component
- **key people**: Noel White (CEO and President)
- **founder**: John W. Tyson
- **industry**: Food processing
- **products**: Meat
- **num employees**: 122,000
- **subsid**: Hillshire Brands
- **location**: Springdale, Arkansas, U.S.
- **homepage**: [http://www.tysonfoods.com/ tysonfoods.com]
National Beef

**National Beef** is an American food company. They are a beef processor. The company is headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri, United States. They make fresh, chilled, and further processed beef and beef by-products for customers worldwide. The company’s main focuses include branded box beef, consumer ready beef, portion control beef and wet blue leather.

## Sales & Operations

National Beef is the United States’s fourth biggest beef processor. They make more than $7 billion every year.

## Controversies

Between 1991 and 1994, several accidental and unrelated employee deaths happened. The company faced legal prosecution. The cases ended with settlements.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: National Beef Packing Company LLC
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **industry**: Food processing
- **foundation**: 1992
- **location**: Kansas City, Missouri, United States, USA
- **key people**: Tim Klein, <small>(President & CEO)</small>
- **products**: Beef
- **parent**: Marfrig (51%)
- **revenue**: US$ 7.3 billion (2017)
- **num employees**: 8,200
Wilson Lake (Kansas)

**Wilson Lake** is a reservoir in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is on the border of Russell County and Lincoln County. It was built and managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for flood control. It is also used for wildlife management and recreation. Several parks are along its shoreline, including Wilson State Park.

## History

The Corps of Engineers planned, designed, and built Wilson Dam. They completed it in 1964 for $20 million.

## Geography

Wilson Lake is at  (38.9401464, -98.5567638) at an elevation of . It is in north-central Kansas in the Smoky Hills region of the Great Plains. Most of Wilson Lake is in Russell County. A small part of its southeastern part goes into Lincoln County.

The reservoir is impounded at its northeastern end by **Wilson Dam**. The dam is at  (38.9666777, -98.4947876) at an elevation of . The Saline River is the reservoir's main inflow of water from the west. It is also the reservoir's main outflow to the east. Smaller tributaries include Elm Creek, which flows from the south into the western part of the reservoir, and Hell Creek, which feeds the reservoir's southeastern arm.

Kansas Highway 232 goes north-south along the reservoir's eastern shore. It also goes across the top of Wilson Dam. Shoreline Road, a paved county road, goes east-west parallel to the southern shore. It crosses the reservoir's southeastern part.

## Hydrography

The surface area, surface elevation, and water volume of the reservoir changed based on inflow and local climate. When the reservoir is full, it has a surface area of , a surface elevation of , and a volume of .

## Infrastructure

Wilson Dam is a dam that has a floor made of rock and soil. It is  tall and  long.

## Other websites

- Wilson Lake, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
- Wilson State Park, Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism
- Wilson Wildlife Area, Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism

## Infobox (body of water)

- **name**: Wilson Lake
- **image**: USACE Wilson Dam Kansas.jpg
- **caption**: Wilson Dam
- **image bathymetry**: Map of Russell Co, Ks, USA.png
- **caption bathymetry**: Kansas Department of Transportation, KDOT map of Russell County, Kansas, Russell County (:File:Kansas official transportation map legend.png, legend)
- **location**: Russell County, Kansas, Russell and Lincoln County, Kansas, Lincoln counties in Kansas
- **type**: Reservoir (water), Reservoir
- **inflow**: Saline River (Kansas), Saline River
- **outflow**: Saline River (Kansas), Saline River
- **basin countries**: United States
- **agency**: United States Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
- **volume**: _Full:_
_Current (Nov. 2015):_
- **elevation**: _Full:_
_Current (May. 2019):_
- **cities**: Lucas, Kansas, Lucas, Sylvan Grove, Kansas, Sylvan Grove, Wilson, Kansas, Wilson
Gerry Fairhead

**Arthur Gerald "Gerry" Fairhead** (March 23, 1923 – July 5, 2019) was a Canadian sailor. He placed eighth in the Star class at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

Fairhead died on July 5, 2019 at the age of 96.
Godfried Toussaint

**Godfried Theodore Patrick Toussaint** (1944 – July 2019) was a Canadian computer scientist. He was a Professor of Computer Science, and the Head of the Computer Science Program at New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD). He did research on many aspects of computational geometry and discrete geometry.

He was a co-founder of the Annual ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry, and the annual Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry.
Miriam Butterworth

**Miriam Butterworth** (April 14, 1918 – July 9, 2019) was an American educator, activist, and politician. She was a Democrat. In the 1940s, she helped equalize representation in the Connecticut General Assembly.

She was involved in the international peace movement and worked for peace to end the Vietnam War and later as a monitor for voting in Nicaragua. After teaching at independent schools, Butterworth was chair of the Public Utilities Control Authority. She was president of Hartford College for Women and was on the Town Council of West Hartford.

Butterworth died from heart disease on July 9, 2019 in Bloomfield, Connecticut, aged 101.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Miriam Butterworth
- **image**: Miriam_Butterworth,_1971.jpg
- **caption**: Butterworth in 1971
- **birth name**: Miriam Ford Brooks
- **birth place**: Hartford, Connecticut
- **death place**: Bloomfield, Connecticut, Bloomfield, Connecticut
- **nationality**: American
- **other names**: Mims Butterworth, Miriam B. Butterworth, Miriam Brooks Butterworth
- **occupation**: educator, politician, historian, activist
- **years active**: 1940–2018
Toy & Wing

**Toy & Wing** were an Asian-American tap dance duo. The duo were known as **Dorothy Toy** (real name **Shigeko Takahashi**, May 28, 1917 – July 10, 2019) and **Paul Wing** (real name **Paul Wing Jew**, October 14, 1912 – April 27, 1997). They were known as the "Chinese Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers".

They were active in the 1930s and 1940s. They were the first Asian-Americans to enter the American tap dance scene.

Dorothy Toy was born on May 28, 1917 in San Francisco. She died on July 10, 2019 in Oakland, California at the age of 102. Paul Wing was born in Menlo Park, California on October 14, 1912 and died on April 27, 1997 at the Veterans Home of California located in Yountville, California. He was 85 years old.
Inger Berggren

**Inger Berggren** (23 February 1934 – 19 July 2019) was a Swedish singer. Her biggest hits were "Sol och vår" and "Elisabeth serenad", both in 1962. She participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 1962. She was the mother of the actress Gunilla Röör. Berggren was born in Stockholm.

Berggren died on 19 July 2019 in Stockholm at the age of 85.
Chaser (dog)

**Chaser** (April 28, 2004 – July 23, 2019) was a Border Collie with the largest tested memory of any non-human animal. Chaser worked with Professor John W. Pilley, at his home in Spartanburg, South Carolina, from eight weeks old, until Pilley's death in June 2018. She was trained in a formal research project. Chaser could identify and retrieve 1,022 toys by name.

On July 23, 2019, Chaser died from natural causes, at the age of 15 years, in her home in Spartanburg, South Carolina.

## Infobox (animal)

- **name**: Chaser
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **species**: Dog
- **breed**: Border Collie
- **gender**: Female
- **birth place**: Pauline, South Carolina, U.S.
- **death place**: Spartanburg, South Carolina, U.S.
- **title**: The Smartest Dog In The World
- **owner**: John W. Pilley
Redding Municipal Airport

**Redding Municipal Airport** (IATA:**RDD** IACO:**KRDD** FAA:**RDD**) is a public airport that lies 11 kilometers southeast of Redding, California. The airport was first used by the United States Army Air Force in 1942, but the military use for the airport was ended 1949.

The airport is now used for both general and commercial flights with United Express, a small branch of United Airlines, having flights to San Francisco and Los Angeles.

## Airline destinations

|Airline|Destinations|
| --- | --- |
|United Express|Los Angeles, San Francisco|

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Redding Municipal Airport
- **nativename**: **Redding Army Air Field**
- **image**: Redding_Municipal_Airport_-_USGS_Topo.jpg
- **image-width**: 250
- **caption**: Satellite view of the airport.
- **iata**: RDD
- **icao**: KRDD
- **faa**: RDD
- **type**: Public
- **owner**: City of Redding, California, Redding
- **city-served**: Redding, California
- **location**: Redding, California, Redding, California, United States
- **elevation-f**: 505
- **elevation-m**: 154
- **website**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20080129103647/http://ci.redding.ca.us/transeng/airports/rma.htm Redding Municipal Airport]
- **pushpin map**: California
- **pushpin mapsize**: 250
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in CA
- **pushpin label**: **KRDD**
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **r1-number**: 16/34
- **r1-length-f**: 7,003
- **r1-length-m**: 2,135
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **r2-number**: 12/30
- **r2-length-f**: 5,067
- **r2-length-m**: 1,544
- **r2-surface**: Asphalt
- **stat1-header**: Aircraft operations
- **stat1-data**: 104,674
- **stat-year**: 2012
Michael Roth

**Michael Roth** (18 June 1936  – 23 July 2019) was a German engineer. He was professor of automation, specializing in microprocessor technology,  computer science and sociology as well as philosophy of science. He was one of the founders of computer engineering in Germany.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Michael Roth
- **image**: Michael Roth (Kybernetiker).jpg
- **birth place**: Lomnička (Stará Ľubovňa District), Lomnička, Czechoslovakia
- **death place**: Ilmenau, Germany
- **nationality**: German
- **occupation**: Engineer and Professor for Technical Cybernetics and computer engineering
Insular area

**Insular area** is the name for one of the territories of the United States which are not a state of the union. People that live in these areas usually have no right to vote in US elections. Sometimes, they take part in preliminary elections.

There are three areas in the Pacific Ocean:

- Guam
- Northern Mariana Islands
- American Samoa

The following areas are in the Caribbean:

- Puerto Rico
- US Virgin Islands

## Uninhabited islands

The term is also used for many uninhabited islands, which the US claims as its territory. Most of these are in the Pacific:

- Palmyra Atoll
- Baker Island
- Howland Island
- Jarvis Island
- Johnston Atoll
- Kingman Reef
- Midway Atoll
- Wake Island (disputed with Marshall Islands)

Only a few are in the Caribbean:

- Navassa Island (disputed with Haiti)
- Serranilla Bank (_disputed with Colombia, Jamaica and Nicaragua)_
- Bajo Nuevo Bank or Petrel Islands _(disputed with Colombia, Honduras and Jamaica)_
Container garden

A **container garden** or **pot garden** is a garden that is in containers instead of in the ground.
A container in gardening may be of various sizes. It may or may not be easily portable. and is used for showing live flowers or plants. It may take the form of a pot, flower box, tub, pot, basket, tin, barrel or hanging basket.

## Methods

Pots, made of terracotta or sometimes plastic, and window boxes have been the most common containers. Terracotta containers are usual for long-term use in back yards. The reason is that they are porous, and water evaporates through the pores. This keeps the contents aerated. Plastic pots are usually for short-term use, and often sold complete with flowers and earth. Window boxes are shallow and open, and may be used for above-ground windows.

Small pots are commonly called flowerpots.
Green roof

A **green roof** or **living roof** is a roof of a building that is partially or totally covered with plants. It may also include layers such as a root barrier and drainage and irrigation systems. Container gardens on roofs, where plants are in pots, are not generally true green roofs. Although, this is debated. Rooftop  ponds are another kind of green roof which are used to treat greywater. Vegetation, soil, drainage layer, roof barrier and irrigation system make up a green roof.

There are reasons why a building may have a green roof. The reasons include absorbing rainwater, providing insulation, creating a habitat for wildlife, increasing benevolence and decreasing stress of the people around the roof, and helping to lower urban air temperatures and go against the heat island effect. Green roofs are able to be added on old buildings as well as new buildings. They can be put on small garages or larger industrial, commercial and municipal buildings. They effectively use the natural abilities of plants to filter water and treat air in urban and suburban areas.

There are two types of green roof:
- **intensive roofs**: thicker, with a minimum depth of . They can support many different kinds of plants, but they are heavier and require more maintenance.
- **extensive roofs**: shallow, ranging in depth from  to . They are lighter than intensive green roofs, and they don't need as much maintenance.
Anders P. Ravn

Professor **Anders Peter Ravn** (29 October 1947 – 1 August 2019) was a Danish computer scientist.

Between 1969–73, Anders Ravn was a teaching assistant in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Copenhagen (DIKU). From 1972–76, he was a systems programmer on minicomputers at the early Danish computer company A/S Regnecentralen.

He returned to academia and rose from assistant professor (1976–80) to associate professor (1980–84) at DIKU.

Ravn died on 1 August 2019 in Copenhagen at the age of 71.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Anders P. Ravn
- **image**: Anders in China 2017.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Anders Ravn in China, 2017
- **birth place**: Caracas, Venezuela
- **death place**: Copenhagen, Denmark
- **citizenship**: Danish
- **fields**: Computer science, software engineering, formal methods
- **workplaces**: University of Copenhagen
Technical University of Denmark
Aalborg University
- **alma mater**: University of Copenhagen
Technical University of Denmark
- **known for**: Duration calculus
- **influences**: C.A.R. Hoare
Zhou Chaochen
- **influenced**: Zhiming Liu (computer scientist), Zhiming Liu
- **awards**: Brinch's Honorary Award (1996)
Order of the Dannebrog (2015)
- **website**: [http://people.cs.aau.dk/~apr/ people.cs.aau.dk/~apr]
- **spouse**: Annemette Lind
David Berman (musician)

**David Cloud Berman** (born **David Craig Berman**; January 4, 1967 – August 7, 2019) was an American poet, cartoonist and singer-songwriter. He was best known for his work with indie-rock band the Silver Jews.

In January 2009, Berman announced his retirement from music in hopes of finding a meaningful way of undoing the damage that his estranged father Richard (drug lobbyist) had done to society.

Berman had written and recorded with the Silver Jews, he has also released two books: _Actual Air_ (1999) and _The Portable February_ (2009). In early 2019, Berman returned to music under the new band name Purple Mountains, releasing an eponymous debut album in July 2019.

Berman lived in Chicago, Illinois. He was found dead at his Brooklyn apartment on August 7, 2019 at the age of 52. The cause of death was suicide by hanging.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: David Berman
- **image**: David Berman @ Watkins Institute 2008.jpg
- **caption**: Berman at the Watkins Institute in 2008
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: David Craig Berman
- **birth place**: Williamsburg, Virginia, U.S.
- **death place**: Brooklyn, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals, guitar
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, indie rock
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, poet, cartoonist
- **years active**: 1989–2019
- **label**: Drag City (record label), Drag City, Domino Recording Company, Domino
- **associated acts**: Silver Jews, Purple Mountains, Pavement (band), Pavement, Ectoslavia, New Radiant Storm King
- **website**: https://web.archive.org/web/20090130034735/http://silverjews.net/ www.silverjews.net