West Virginia

**West Virginia** is a state in the Appalachian region of the United States. Its capital and largest city is Charleston.  It is often abbreviated **W. Va.** or simply **WV**. About 1,800,000 people live in the state.

West Virginia is bordered by Pennsylvania to the north, by Ohio to the north and west, by Kentucky to the west, by Maryland to the north and east, and by Virginia to the east and south. The Ohio and Potomac Rivers form parts of the boundaries.

Before the American Civil War, the western part of Virginia practiced slavery as part of the state of Virginia. Slaves, at first Native American but increasingly brought from Africa in the slave trade, were forced to grow tobacco, mine coal, and be personal servants. Many slaves were rented from owners in other parts of the state to work in the mines. With land that was poor for growing cotton, slavery was less important than in other parts of Virginia. In the 19th century, white people kept slaves in order to earn money by selling them to Deep South states like Texas, Louisiana, and Georgia.

## Statehood Of West Virginia

West Virginia was admitted into the union as a slave state in 1863. Slavery was abolished after the war, and Confederate veterans voted out the politicians who passed the laws.

West Virginia was once a part of Virginia. At the beginning of the American Civil War, Virginia and the other southern states seceded from the United States, which means they chose to not be a part of it anymore. Slaves were fewer in the west than in other parts, and those in West Virginia who were against slavery were not objecting on moral grounds. They saw it as bad for free labor. While slavery was an issue in other parts of Virginia, in the western counties the issues were taxation and being governed from a state capital that was far away. The people in Western Virginia had far more in common with their neighboring states of Pennsylvania and Ohio than with the Commonwealth of Virginia. So this was an area of Union support.

On June 20, 1863, West Virginia became the thirty-fifth state of the United States. But it was not an easy process. There had been some discussion of the area becoming a state since the early 1800s. It took three conventions at Wheeling from 1861 to 1863. The process divided friends and communities.

Statehood was not universally accepted in West Virginia. While there were no large scale battles, there was a good deal of guerilla warfare in attempts to undermine the new government. Confederates raided into West Virginia trying to terrorize the citizens. Despite Confederate efforts to topple the state government, Washington provided both economic and political support. Union military successes outside the state helped keep the state government in power. After the war there were bitter resentments between those for and against statehood. Virginia even tried to force West Virginia back into becoming a part of Virginia again in 1871. But West Virginia remained a sovereign state despite the efforts.

## Geography

West Virginia is often called the "Mountain State" because it is entirely within the Appalachian Mountain Range, and there are many hills and mountains throughout the state. The highest one is Spruce Knob, which is 4,863 feet above sea level. There are many rivers, including the Ohio, the Potomac, the Kanawha, and the Monongahela.

## Related pages

- Colleges and universities in West Virginia
- List of counties in West Virginia

## Infobox (u.s. state)

- **name**: West Virginia
- **official name**: State of West Virginia
- **image flag**: Flag of West Virginia.svg
- **flag link**: Flag of West Virginia
- **image seal**: Seal of West Virginia.svg
- **seal link**: Seal of West Virginia
- **image map**: West Virginia in United States.svg
- **nickname**: Mountain State
- **motto**:

- **anthem**: List of West Virginia state symbols#Cultural, 4 songs
- **former**: Part of Virginia
- **seat**: Charleston, West Virginia, Charleston
- **largestcity**: capital
- **largestmetro**: Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA, Huntington-Ashland Tri-State Area
- **legislature**: West Virginia Legislature
- **upperhouse**: West Virginia Senate, Senate
- **lowerhouse**: West Virginia House of Delegates, House of Delegates
- **senators**:

- **representative**:

- **postal code**: WV
- **tradabbreviation**: W.Va.
- **officiallang**: _De jure_: English
- **population demonym**: List of U.S. state residents names, West Virginian
- **area rank**: 41st
- **area total sq mi**: 24,230
- **area total km2**: 62,755
- **area land sq mi**: 24,078
- **area land km2**: 62,361
- **area water sq mi**: 152
- **area water km2**: 394
- **area water percent**: 0.6
- **population rank**: 38th
- **population as of**: 2019
- **2010pop**: 1,792,147
- **population density rank**: 29th
- **2010densityus**: 77.1
- **2010density**: 29.8
- **medianhouseholdincome**: $43,469
- **incomerank**: 50th
- **admittanceorder**: 35th
- **admittancedate**: June 20, 1863
- **timezone1**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern
- **utc offset1**: −05:00
- **timezone1 dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: −04:00
- **latitude**: 37°12′ N to 40°39′ N
- **longitude**: 77°43′ W to 82°39′ W
- **width mi**: 130
- **width km**: 210
- **length mi**: 240
- **length km**: 385
- **elevation max point**: Spruce Knob
- **elevation max ft**: 4863
- **elevation max m**: 1482
- **elevation ft**: 1,513
- **elevation m**: 461
- **elevation min point**: Potomac River at
- **elevation min ft**: 240
- **elevation min m**: 73
- **iso code**: US-WV
- **website**: wv.gov


## Infobox (u.s. state symbols)

- **flag**: Flag of West Virginia.svg
- **seal**: Seal of West Virginia.svg
- **name**: West Virginia
- **bird**: Northern cardinal
(_Cardinalis cardinalis_)
- **butterfly**: Monarch butterfly
(_Danaus plexippus_)
- **fish**: Brook trout
(_Salvelinus fontinalis_)
- **flower**: Rhododendron
(_Rhododendron maximum_)
- **insect**: Western honey bee
(_Apis mellifera_)
- **mammal**: American black bear, Black bear
(_Ursus americanus_)
- **tree**: Acer saccharum, Sugar maple
(_Acer saccharum_)
- **colors**: Old gold and blue
- **food**: Golden Delicious, Golden Delicious apple
(_Malus domestica_)
- **fossil**: Megalonyx jeffersonii, Jefferson's ground sloth
(_Megalonyx jeffersonii_)
- **gemstone**: Coral, Silicified Mississippian fossil coral
(_Lithostrotionella_)
- **rock**: Coal
- **slogan**: "Wild and Wonderful"
"Open for Business" (_former_)
"Almost Heaven" (_former_)
- **soil**: Monongahela Silt Loam
- **tartan**: West Virginia Shawl
- **reptile**: Timber rattlesnake
(_Crotalus horridus_)
- **route marker**: WV-20.svg
- **quarter**: West Virginia quarter reverse side 2005 transparent sm.png
- **quarterreleasedate**: 2005