juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Canton of Schaffhausen

**Schaffhausen** is a canton of Switzerland. The capital city of the canton is Schaffhausen.

## Geography

The canton of Schaffhausen is the canton of Switzerland farthest north, located to the north of Zurich.

The Rhine Falls are the largest waterfalls in Europe and lie on the border of the canton of Schaffhausen, the canton of Zurich and Germany.

## Other websites

- Official Page (German)
- Archives  (German)
- 34 townships
- Official Statistics

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kanton Schaffhausen
- **settlement type**: Cantons of Switzerland, Canton
- **image flag**: Flag of Canton of Schaffhausen.svg
- **image shield**: Wappen Schaffhausen matt.svg
- **shield size**: 80x80px
- **map alt**: Map of Switzerland, location of Schaffhausen highlighted
- **map caption**: Location in Switzerland
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Schaffhausen
- **parts type**: Subdivisions
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Municipalities of the canton of Schaffhausen, 26 municipalities
- **leader title**: List of cantonal executives of Switzerland, Executive
- **leader name**: Regierungsrat (5)
- **leader title1**: List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland, Legislative
- **leader name1**: Kantonsrat (60)
- **population density km2**: auto
- **iso code**: CH-SH
- **blank name sec1**: List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation, Highest point
- **blank info sec1**: : Hoher Randen
- **blank1 name sec1**: List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation, Lowest point
- **blank1 info sec1**: : Rhine at Buchberg SH, Buchberg
- **blank name sec2**: History of Switzerland#Order of accession of the cantons, Joined
- **blank info sec2**: 1501
- **blank1 name sec2**: Languages
- **blank1 info sec2**: German
Vellerat

**Vellerat** was a municipality in Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019, the former municipalities of Rebeuvelier and Vellerat merged into the municipality of Courrendlin.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Vellerat
- **municipality name**: Vellerat
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Vellerat-armoiries.svg
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Delémont (district), Delémont
- **postal code**: 2830
- **municipality code**: 714
- **area**: 2.04
- **elevation**: 666
- **population**: 75
- **populationof**: 2003
- **website**: www.vellerat.ch
- **mayor**: Mne Stéphane Rötheli
- **neighboring municipalities**: Châtillon, Jura, Switzerland, Châtillon, Courrendlin,Roches, Switzerland, Roches(BE)
- **twintowns**: Voeren/Fourons (Belgium)
Vermes, Switzerland

**Vermes** was a municipality in district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. In 2013, it became a part of the new municipality of Val Terbi.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Vermes
- **municipality name**: Vermes
- **municipality type**: former
- **image photo**: Vermes 243.JPG
- **imagepath coa**: Vermes-Blazono.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Delémont (district), Delémont
- **postal code**: 2829
- **municipality code**: 6726
- **area**: 18.32
- **elevation**: 566
- **population**: 338
- **populationof**: 2003
- **website**: www.vermes.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Rebeuvelier, Vicques, Switzerland, Vicques, Courchapoix, Corban, Switzerland, Corban, Mervelier, Schelten(BE), Elay(BE), Corcelles, Bern, Corcelles(BE), Crémines(BE)
Rhine Falls

The **Rhine Falls**, called the Rheinfall in Switzerland, are the biggest waterfalls of Europe.

They can be found in the High Rhine in the upper parts of the river Rhine, in the municipalities of Neuhausen am Rheinfall and Laufen-Uhwiesen, near the town of Schaffhausen in the north part of Switzerland and close to the German border. They are 150 meters (450 ft) wide and 23 meters (75 ft) tall.
The Rhine Falls were made in the last ice age about 14,000 to 17,000 years ago.

## Other websites

- Rhine Falls homepage
- old views of the Rheinfall
Beggingen

**Beggingen** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Beggingen
- **image photo**: Beggingen im Randental.JPG
- **municipality name**: Beggingen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Beggingen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8228
- **municipality code**: 2951
- **area**: 12.58
- **elevation**: 545
- **population**: 522
- **populationof**: February 2009
- **popofyear**: 2009
- **website**: www.beggingen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Blumberg (DE-BW), Hemmental, Merishausen, Schleitheim
Beringen, Switzerland

**Beringen** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Since 2013, Guntmadingen part of the municipality.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Beringen
- **municipality name**: Beringen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Beringen.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Beringen 2013.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8222
- **municipality code**: 3260
- **area**: 14.19
- **elevation**: 456
- **population**: 3407
- **populationof**: January 2009
- **website**: www.beringen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Guntmadingen, Hemmental, Löhningen, Neuhausen am Rheinfall, Schaffhausen, Siblingen
Bibern

**Bibern** can be one of two municipalities in Switzerland:

- Bibern, Solothurn
- Bibern, Schaffhausen
Bibern, Schaffhausen

**Bibern** is a former municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Bibern, Altdorf, Hofen and Opfertshofen merged into the municipality of Thayngen.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bibern
- **image photo**: 2014-12-22 14-45-44 Switzerland Kanton Schaffhausen Opfertshofen SH Thayngen, Opfertshofen.JPG
- **municipality name**: Bibern
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Bibern.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8233
- **municipality code**: 2913
- **area**: 1.80
- **elevation**: 462
- **population**: 248
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **neighboring municipalities**: Hilzingen (DE-BW), Hofen, Lohn, Schaffhausen, Lohn, Opfertshofen, Tengen (DE-BW), Thayngen
Vicques, Switzerland

**Vicques** was a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Vicques, Montsevelier and Vermes merged into the new municipality of Val Terbi.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Vicques
- **municipality name**: Vicques
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Vicques-Blazono.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Delémont (district), Delémont
- **postal code**: 2824
- **municipality code**: 6727
- **area**: 12.75
- **elevation**: 455
- **population**: 1703
- **populationof**: Dec 2004
- **popofyear**: 2004
- **website**: www.vicques.ch
- **mayor**: Suzanne Maître
- **places**: Recolaine
- **demonym**: Vicquois
- **neighboring municipalities**: Courchapoix, Vermes, Switzerland, Vermes, Rebeuvelier, Courroux, Bärschwil(SO)
Le Bémont

**Le Bémont** is a municipality of the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

## Infobox (switzerland municipality)

- **subject name**: Le Bémont
- **municipality name**: Le Bémont
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **image photo**: Le Bemont 020.JPG
- **image caption**: Le Bémont in 2010
- **imagepath coa**: Le Bemont Blazono.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Jura
- **iso-code-region**: CH-JU
- **district**: Franches-Montagnes (district), Franches-Montagnes
- **postal code**: 2877
- **municipality code**: 6741
- **area**: 11.64
- **elevation**: 982
- **population**: 338
- **populationof**: 2003
- **places**: La Bosse, Les Communances, Les Cufattes, Les Rouges-Terres
- **neighboring municipalities**: Saignelégier, Les Pommerats, Les Enfers, Montfaucon, Switzerland, Montfaucon, Tramelan(BE)
Raisin bread

**Raisin bread** is a type of bread that has raisins in it. Sometimes it has cinnamon in it. It can be eaten as toast or as a dessert. Raisin bread is normally sold pre-sliced and often eaten in Northern Europe and the United States. Raisin bread is normally brown in color from the cinnamon. It is normally dryer than normal bread.

## Related pages

- Bread
- Sweetbread
- Cake
- Raisin
Robert Dyas

**Robert Dyas** is a large United Kingdom company. They sell goods that people can use in their homes and gardens. The company has over 100 stores in Greater London and South East England.

## History

The company was established in 1872. It was taken over in 2004 by Change Capital, headed by former Marks and Spencer chairman Luc Vandevelde and former M&S CEO and head of B&Q Roger Holmes.

## Other websites

- Robert Dyas

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: **Robert Dyas**
- **type**: Private Limited Company
- **foundation**: London, England (1872)
- **founder**: Robert Dyas
- **location**: Cleeve Court, Cleeve Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, England
- **area served**: England (mainly southeast)
- **locations**: 96. (97 in April 2014)
- **key people**: Bea Pearson <small>(Chief Operating Officer)</small>''
- **industry**: Retail
- **products**: Homeware, DIY, Small Domestic Appliances, Consumer Electronics, Gardening, Ironmongers
- **revenue**: Pound sterling, £114 million (2012/13)
- **owner**: Theo Paphitis
- **num employees**: 1300 (Dec 2013)
Buch, Schaffhausen

**Buch** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Buch
- **municipality name**: Buch
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Buch.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8263
- **municipality code**: 2961
- **area**: 3.80
- **elevation**: 416
- **population**: 279
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **website**: www.buch-sh.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Gailingen am Hochrhein (DE-BW), Gottmadingen (DE-BW), Ramsen
Buch

**Buch** can mean:

## Geography

- in Germany:
    - Buch am Wald, a town in the district of Ansbach, Bavaria
    - Buch am Buchrain, a town in the district of Erding, Bavaria
    - Buch am Erlbach, a town in the district of Landshut, Bavaria
    - Buch, Swabia, a town in the district of Neu-Ulm, Bavaria
    - Buch, Rhein-Hunsrück, in the Rhein-Hunsrück district, Rhineland-Palatinate
    - Buch, Rhein-Lahn, in the Rhein-Lahn district, Rhineland-Palatinate
    - Buch, Saxony-Anhalt, a town in the district of Stendal in Saxony-Anhalt
- Buch, Austria, a town in the district of Bregenz in Vorarlberg in Austria
- in Switzerland
    - Buch, Schaffhausen, a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen
    - Buch am Irchel, a municipality in the canton of Zurich
    - Buch (Wiesendangen), a place in the municipality of Wiesendangen, canton of Zurich
    - Buch bei Frauenfeld (until 1953 Buch bei Uesslingen), part of the municipality Uesslingen-Buch, Thurgau
    - Buch bei Happerswil (Happerswil-Buch), part of the municipality of Birwinken, Thurgau
    - Buch bei Märwil (until 1953 Buch bei Affeltrangen), part of the municipality of Affeltrangen, Thurgau
    - Buch bei Mühleberg, part of the municipality of Mühleberg, Canton of Berne
- Buch (crater), a crater on the moon
Buchberg

**Buchberg** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Buchberg
- **municipality name**: Buchberg
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Buchberg.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Buchberg 2007.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8454
- **municipality code**: 2933
- **area**: 6.04
- **elevation**: 487
- **population**: 816
- **populationof**: February 2009
- **website**: www.buchberg.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Eglisau (ZH), Flaach (ZH), Freienstein-Teufen (ZH), Marthalen (ZH), Rafz (ZH), Rüdlingen
- **twintowns**: Schnaittenbach (Germany)
Cologne Government Region

**Cologne Government Region** (German: _Regierungsbezirk Köln_, Kölsch: _Rejierungsbezirk Kölle_) is one of the five governmental districts of the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is in the southwest of that state. It covers the hills of the Eifel as well as the Bergisches Land.

It was made in 1815, when Prussia reorganised its districts.

|width="50%"|_Kreise_ (districts)|width="50%"|_Kreisfreie Städte_ (district-free towns)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign="top"|# Aachen # Düren # Euskirchen # Heinsberg # Oberbergischer Kreis # Rhein Erft Rural District # Rhein-Sieg Rural District # Rheinisch-Bergische Rural District|valign="top"|# Aachen # Bonn # Cologne # Leverkusen|

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german regierungsbezirk)

- **name**: Cologne Government Region
- **gname**: Regierungsbezirk Köln
 Rejierungsbezirk Kölle
- **map**: NRW rbkoeln.png
- **state**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **capital**: Cologne
- **area**: 7364.71
- **population**: 4384669
- **population as of**: 31 Dec. 2006
- **url**: [http://www.bezreg-koeln.nrw.de/ bezreg-koeln.nrw.de]
- **latd**: 50.94
- **longd**: 7.03
Büttenhardt

**Büttenhardt** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Büttenhardt
- **municipality name**: Büttenhardt
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Büttenhardt.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8236
- **municipality code**: 2914
- **area**: 4.00
- **elevation**: 658
- **population**: 357
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **website**: www.buettenhardt.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Lohn, Schaffhausen, Lohn, Merishausen, Opfertshofen, Schaffhausen, Stetten, Schaffhausen, Stetten, Tengen (DE-BW)
Dörflingen

**Dörflingen** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Dörflingen
- **image photo**: 2010-04-04 12 26 03 Switzerland Dörflingen.jpg
- **municipality name**: Dörflingen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Dörflingen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8239
- **municipality code**: 2915
- **area**: 5.82
- **elevation**: 451
- **population**: 791
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **website**: www.doerflingen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Büsingen am Hochrhein (DE-BW), Diessenhofen (TG), Gailingen am Hochrhein (DE-BW), Gottmadingen (DE-BW), Schaffhausen, Thayngen
Gächlingen

**Gächlingen** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Gächlingen
- **municipality name**: Gächlingen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Gächlingen COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8214
- **municipality code**: 2901
- **area**: 7.13
- **elevation**: 460
- **population**: 782
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **website**: www.gaechlingen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Neunkirch, Oberhallau, Schleitheim, Siblingen
Guntmadingen

**Guntmadingen** was a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Since 2013, it is part of the municipality of Beringen.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Guntmadingen
- **municipality name**: Guntmadingen
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Guntmadingen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8223
- **municipality code**: 2902
- **area**: 4.49
- **elevation**: 439
- **population**: 248
- **populationof**: February 2009
- **website**: www.guntmadingen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beringen, Switzerland, Beringen, Jestetten (DE-BW), Löhningen, Neuhausen am Rheinfall, Neunkirch
Hallau

**Hallau** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Hallau
- **municipality name**: Hallau
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **image photo**: Hallau-Dorf.jpg
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Hallau.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Hallau.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8215
- **municipality code**: 2971
- **area**: 15.32
- **elevation**: 421
- **population**: 2014
- **populationof**: December 2008
- **popofyear**: 2008
- **website**: www.hallau.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Eggingen (DE-BW), Neunkirch, Oberhallau, Stühlingen (DE-BW), Trasadingen, Wilchingen
- **twintowns**: Bergün/Bravuogn (Switzerland)
Hemishofen

**Hemishofen** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Hemishofen
- **image photo**: Aerial View of Hemishofen with the 2 Bridges across the Rhine 15.07.2008 16-40-21.JPG
- **municipality name**: Hemishofen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Hemishofen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8261
- **municipality code**: 2962
- **area**: 7.88
- **elevation**: 401
- **population**: 410
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **website**: www.hemishofen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Öhningen (DE-BW), Ramsen, Rielasingen-Worblingen (DE-BW), Singen (Hohentwiel) (DE-BW), Stein am Rhein, Wagenhausen (TG)
Hemmental

**Hemmental** was a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Since 2009, it is part of the municipality of Schaffhausen.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Hemmental
- **image photo**: Hemmental.JPG
- **municipality name**: Hemmental
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Hemmental.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Hemmental.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8231
- **municipality code**: 2934
- **area**: 10.78
- **elevation**: 588
- **population**: 542
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **website**: www.hemmental.ch
- **mayor**: Hermann Schlatter
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beggingen, Beringen, Switzerland, Beringen, Merishausen, Schleitheim, Schaffhausen, Siblingen
Hofen, Switzerland

**Hofen** was a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.  It is on the border with Baden-Württemberg in Germany. On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Hofen, Altdorf, Bibern and Opfertshofen merged into the municipality of Thayngen.

## Other websites

- Map of Hofen, Schaffhausen, Switzerland from Google Maps

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Hofen
- **image photo**: 2011-04-22 13-12-32 Germany Baden Württemberg Büsslingen.jpg
- **municipality name**: Hofen
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Hofen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8242
- **municipality code**: 2916
- **area**: 1.05
- **elevation**: 474
- **population**: 140
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **neighboring municipalities**: Altdorf, Schaffhausen, Altdorf, Bibern, Schaffhausen, Bibern, Opfertshofen, Tengen (DE-BW)
Lohn, Schaffhausen

**Lohn** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lohn
- **municipality name**: Lohn
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Lohn.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8235
- **municipality code**: 2917
- **area**: 4.87
- **elevation**: 636
- **population**: 662
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.lohn.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bibern, Schaffhausen, Bibern, Büttenhardt, Opfertshofen, Stetten, Schaffhausen, Stetten, Thayngen
- **twintowns**: Lohn-Ammannsegg, Solothurn (Switzerland)
Lohn

**Lohn** can mean:
- Landsitz Lohn, the country estate of the Swiss Federal Council
- Some of the municipalities in Switzerland:
    - Lohn, Graubünden
    - Lohn, Schaffhausen
    - Lohn, Solothurn, now part of Lohn-Ammannsegg
Löhningen

**Löhningen** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Löhningen
- **municipality name**: Löhningen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Löhningen.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Löhningen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8224
- **municipality code**: 2903
- **area**: 6.83
- **elevation**: 479
- **population**: 1188
- **populationof**: February 2009
- **popofyear**: 2009
- **website**: www.loehningen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beringen, Switzerland, Beringen, Guntmadingen, Neunkirch, Siblingen
Detmold Government Region

**Detmold** () is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is in the northeast of the state.

The Regierungsbezirk was created in 1947 when the old state of Lippe was put into North Rhine-Westphalia and joined to the old _Regierungsbezirk Minden_. Regierungsbezirk Minden was one of the original Regierungsbezirke, formed in 1815.

|width="50%"|_Kreise_ (districts)|width="50%"|_Kreisfreie Städte_ (district-free towns)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign="top"|# Gütersloh # Herford # Höxter # Lippe Rural District # Minden-Lübbecke Rural District # Paderborn|valign="top"|# Bielefeld|

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german regierungsbezirk)

- **name**: Detmold
- **map**: RB Detmold.svg
- **state**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **capital**: Detmold
- **area**: 6518.14
- **population**: 2065413
- **population as of**: 31 Dec. 2006
- **url**: [http://www.brdt.nrw.de/ www.brdt.nrw.de]
- **latd**: 51.93
- **longd**: 8.88
Merishausen

**Merishausen** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Merishausen
- **municipality name**: Merishausen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Merishausen-blazon.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8232
- **municipality code**: 2936
- **area**: 17.57
- **elevation**: 533
- **population**: 694
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.merishausen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bargen, Schaffhausen, Bargen, Beggingen, Blumberg (DE-BW), Büttenhardt, Hemmental, Schaffhausen, Tengen, Germany, Tengen (DE-BW)
Neuhausen am Rheinfall

**Neuhausen am Rheinfall** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

The municipality is known for the Rhine Falls, Europe's largest waterfall.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Neuhausen am Rheinfall
- **image photo**: Dampflokomotive beim Rheinfall, Neuhausen.jpg
- **image caption**: Neuhausen am Rheinfall
- **municipality name**: Neuhausen am Rheinfall
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Neuhausen am Rheinfall.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Neuhausen am Rheinfall.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8212
- **municipality code**: 2937
- **area**: 7.98
- **elevation**: 410
- **population**: 9978
- **populationof**: December 2003
- **popofyear**: 2003
- **website**: www.neuhausen.ch
- **mayor**: Stephan Rawyler (Free Democratic Party of Switzerland, FDP)
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beringen, Switzerland, Beringen, Flurlingen (ZH), Guntmadingen, Jestetten (DE-BW), Laufen-Uhwiesen (ZH), Schaffhausen
Neunkirch

**Neunkirch** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Neunkirch
- **municipality name**: Neunkirch
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Neunkirch.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8213
- **municipality code**: 2904
- **area**: 17.91
- **elevation**: 429
- **population**: 1828
- **populationof**: June 2008
- **popofyear**: 2008
- **website**: www.neunkirch.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Gächlingen, Guntmadingen, Hallau, Jestetten (DE-BW), Löhningen, Oberhallau, Siblingen, Wilchingen
Oberhallau

**Oberhallau** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Oberhallau
- **municipality name**: Oberhallau
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Oberhallau.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8216
- **municipality code**: 2972
- **area**: 6.04
- **elevation**: 430
- **population**: 426
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.oberhallau.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Gächlingen, Hallau, Neunkirch, Schleitheim, Stühlingen (DE-BW)
Opfertshofen

**Opfertshofen** was a municipality in the municipality of Thayngen and the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Opfertshofen
- **image photo**: 2011-04-22 12-57-29 Germany Baden Württemberg Büsslingen.jpg
- **municipality name**: Opfertshofen
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Opfertshofen.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Opfertshofen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8236
- **municipality code**: 2918
- **area**: 2.11
- **elevation**: 566
- **population**: 1000000
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **neighboring municipalities**: Altdorf, Schaffhausen, Altdorf, Bibern, Schaffhausen, Bibern, Büttenhardt, Hofen, Switzerland, Hofen, Lohn, Schaffhausen, Lohn, Tengen (DE-BW)
Ramsen

**Ramsen** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in northern Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Ramsen
- **image photo**: 2014-12-23 13-17-59 Switzerland Kanton Schaffhausen Ramsen Ramsen.JPG
- **municipality name**: Ramsen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Ramsen.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Ramsen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8262
- **municipality code**: 2963
- **area**: 13.45
- **elevation**: 413
- **population**: 1286
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.ramsen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Buch, Schaffhausen, Buch, Diessenhofen (TG), Gailingen am Hochrhein (DE-BW), Gottmadingen (DE-BW), Hemishofen, Rielasingen-Worblingen (DE-BW), Wagenhausen (TG)
Rüdlingen

**Rüdlingen** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Rüdlingen
- **municipality name**: Rüdlingen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Rüdlingen-blazon.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Rüdlingen 2007.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8455
- **municipality code**: 2938
- **area**: 5.49
- **elevation**: 367
- **population**: 631
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.ruedlingen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Berg am Irchel (ZH), Buchberg, Eglisau (ZH), Flaach (ZH), Freienstein-Teufen (ZH), Lottstetten (DE-BW), Marthalen (ZH), Rafz (ZH)
Düsseldorf Government Region

**Düsseldorf** is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the northwest of the country. It covers the western part of the Ruhr Area. It is the most populated of all German administrative areas of the kind.

It was formed in 1815 when Prussia first made districts.

|width="50%"|_Kreise_ (districts)|width="50%"|_Kreisfreie Städte_ (district-free towns)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign="top"|# Cleves (_Kleve_) # Mettmann # Neuss # Viersen # Wesel|valign="top"|# Duisburg # Düsseldorf # Essen # Krefeld # Mönchengladbach # Mülheim # Oberhausen # Remscheid # Solingen # Wuppertal|

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german regierungsbezirk)

- **name**: Düsseldorf
- **map**: North rhine w duesseldorf.png
- **state**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **capital**: Düsseldorf
- **area**: 5289.81
- **population**: 5217129
- **population as of**: 31 Dec. 2006
- **url**: [http://www.bezreg-duesseldorf.nrw.de/ bezreg-duesseldorf.nrw.de]
- **latd**: 51.23
- **longd**: 6.78
Schleitheim

**Schleitheim** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. It is located directly at the border to Germany.

## Other websites

- Official website of Schleitheim
- Tourist Information

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Schleitheim
- **municipality name**: Schleitheim
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **image photo**: Picswiss SH-04-01.jpg
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Schleitheim.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Schleitheim.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8226
- **municipality code**: 2952
- **area**: 21.63
- **elevation**: 480
- **population**: 1663
- **populationof**: December 2008
- **popofyear**: 2008
- **website**: www.schleitheim.ch
- **mayor**: Willi Fischer
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beggingen, Blumberg (DE-BW), Gächlingen, Hemmental, Oberhallau, Siblingen, Stühlingen (DE-BW)
Siblingen

**Siblingen** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Siblingen
- **image photo**: 2017-04-07 14-57-08 558.4 Switzerland Kanton Schaffhausen Siblingen Siblingen.jpg
- **municipality name**: Siblingen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Siblingen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8225
- **municipality code**: 2953
- **area**: 9.42
- **elevation**: 508
- **population**: 750
- **populationof**: February 2009
- **popofyear**: 2009
- **website**: www.siblingen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beringen, Switzerland, Beringen, Gächlingen, Hemmental, Löhningen, Neunkirch, Schleitheim
Stein am Rhein

**Stein am Rhein** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Stein am Rhein
- **municipality name**: Stein am Rhein
- **municipality type**: town
- **imagepath coa**: Stein am Rhein-coat of arms.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Stein am Rhein.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8260
- **municipality code**: 2964
- **area**: 6.06
- **elevation**: 413
- **population**: 3110
- **populationof**: December 2003
- **popofyear**: 2003
- **website**: www.steinamrhein.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Eschenz (Canton of Thurgau, TG), Hemishofen, Öhningen (Baden-Württemberg, DE-BW), Wagenhausen (TG)
Stetten, Schaffhausen

**Stetten** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Stetten
- **municipality name**: Stetten
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Stetten SH-blazon.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8234
- **municipality code**: 2919
- **area**: 4.73
- **elevation**: 579
- **population**: 1087
- **populationof**: December 2008
- **popofyear**: 2008
- **website**: www.stetten.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Büttenhardt, Lohn, Schaffhausen, Lohn, Schaffhausen, Thayngen
Stetten

**Stetten** can be one of many different places:

## Germany

- Baden-Württemberg
    - Stetten am kalten Markt, a town in the district Sigmaringen (district)
    - Stetten, an administrative district in Sigmaringen district
    - Stetten, Bodenseekreis, a town in the Bodensee district
    - Stetten im Remstal, a part of Kernen im Remstal in the Rems valley near Stuttgart.
    - Stetten, a place in the city of Lörrach
    - Stetten, a village in the municipality of Achstetten
- Bavaria
    - Stetten, a village in the municipality of Sondheim in the Rhön-Grabfeld district
    - Stetten, Bavaria, a town in the Unterallgäu district
- Rhineland-Palatinate
    - Stetten, Rhineland-Palatinate, a town in the Kirchheimbolanden administrative unit

## Austria

- Stetten, Austria, a town in the district of Horn in Lower Austria

## Switzerland

Stetten is the name of two Swiss municipalities:
- Stetten, Aargau
- Stetten, Schaffhausen

## France

- Stetten, a commune in Haut-Rhin
Thayngen

**Thayngen** is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, Altdorf, Bibern, Hofen, Opfertshofen merged into Thayngen.

## Other websites

- Official website of Thayngen

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Thayngen
- **municipality name**: Thayngen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Thayngen.png
- **pixel coa**: 98px
- **image photo**: Thayngen.jpg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Thayngen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8240
- **municipality code**: 2920
- **area**: 11.92
- **elevation**: 437
- **population**: 4935
- **populationof**: December 2008
- **popofyear**: 2008
- **website**: www.thayngen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bibern, Schaffhausen, Bibern, Dörflingen, Gottmadingen (DE-BW), Hilzingen (DE-BW), Lohn, Schaffhausen, Lohn, Schaffhausen, Stetten, Schaffhausen, Stetten
Trasadingen

**Trasadingen** is a municipality of the canton Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Trasadingen
- **image photo**: Trasadingen 144.JPG
- **image caption**: Trasadingen
- **municipality name**: Trasadingen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Trasadingen.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Trasadingen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8219
- **municipality code**: 2973
- **area**: 4.14
- **elevation**: 403
- **population**: 565
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.trasadingen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Eggingen (DE-BW), Hallau, Klettgau (DE-BW), Wilchingen
Wilchingen

**Wilchingen** is a municipality of the canton Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Osterfingen was added to this municipality in 2005.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Wilchingen
- **municipality name**: Wilchingen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **image photo**: Wilchingen 097.JPG
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Wilchingen.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Wilchingen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Schaffhausen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SH
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 8217
- **municipality code**: 2974
- **area**: 21.10
- **elevation**: 419
- **population**: 1692
- **populationof**: December 2008
- **popofyear**: 2008
- **website**: www.wilchingen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Dettighofen (DE-BW), Eggingen (DE-BW), Hallau, Jestetten (DE-BW), Klettgau (DE-BW), Neunkirch, Trasadingen
112 (band)

**112** (_"one-twelve"_) is an American R&B quartet boy band that came from Atlanta, Georgia.  They consist of four members. They started in 1991. In 1997 they won a Grammy Award.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: 112
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, United States
- **label**: Bad Boy Records, Bad Boy, Def Jam Recordings, Def Jam
- **associated acts**: Sean Combs
- **current members**: Quinnes "Q" Parker
Daron Jones
Slim (singer), Marvin "Slim" Scandrick
Michael Keith
Bucheggberg District

**Bucheggberg** is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the southwest of the canton.

Bucheggberg contains the following municipalities:

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|align="center" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|Coat of arms|align="left" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Municipality**|align="center" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Population** <small>(Dec 2005)</small>|align="center" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Area, km²**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"||Aetigkofen|184|2.03||||
|align="center"||Aetingen|289|2.85||||
|align="center"||Balm bei Messen|111|2.15||||
|align="center"||Bibern|227|2.99||||
|align="center"||Biezwil|315|4.18||||
|align="center"||Brügglen|194|1.70||||
|align="center"||Brunnenthal|203|0.91||||
|align="center"||Gossliwil|194|1.98||||
|align="center"||Hessigkofen|246|2.25||||
|align="center"||Küttigkofen|260|2.17||||
|align="center"||Kyburg-Buchegg|324|1.61||||
|align="center"||Lüsslingen|494|3.22||||
|align="center"||Lüterkofen-Ichertswil|715|4.40||||
|align="center"||Lüterswil-Gächliwil|343|3.09||||
|align="center"||Messen|1021|7.05||||
|align="center"||Mühledorf|347|3.32||||
|align="center"||Nennigkofen|493|4.60||||
|align="center"||Oberramsern|96|1.77||||
|align="center"||Schnottwil|991|7.19||||
|align="center"||Tscheppach|192|1.86||||
|align="center"||Unterramsern|198|1.54||||
|align="center"||**Total**|**7437**|**62.86**||||
</div>
Dorneck District

**Dorneck** is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the north of the canton.

Dorneck contains the following municipalities:

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|align="center" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|Coat of arms|align="left" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Municipality**|align="center" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Population** <small>(Dec 2005)</small>|align="center" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Area, km²**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"||Bättwil|1204|1.69||||
|align="center"||Büren|952|6.22||||
|align="center"||Dornach|6221|5.75||||
|align="center"||Gempen|738|5.96||||
|align="center"||Hochwald|1227|8.28||||
|align="center"||Hofstetten-Flüh|2899|7.50||||
|align="center"||Metzerlen-Mariastein|890|8.56||||
|align="center"||Nuglar-St. Pantaleon|1411|6.34||||
|align="center"||Rodersdorf|1315|5.29||||
|align="center"||Seewen|1010|16.39||||
|align="center"||Witterswil|1324|2.65||||
||**Total**|**19,191**|**74.63**|||||
</div>
Gäu District

**Gäu** is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the center of the canton.

Gäu contains the following municipalities:

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|align="center" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|Coat of arms|align="left" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Municipality**|align="center" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Population** <small>(Dec 2005)</small>|align="center" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Area, km²**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"||Egerkingen|2879|6.93||||
|align="center"||Härkingen|1243|5.57||||
|align="center"||Kestenholz|1672|8.59||||
|align="center"||Neuendorf|1904|7.13||||
|align="center"||Niederbuchsiten|967|5.49||||
|align="center"||Oberbuchsiten|1829|9.39||||
|align="center"||Oensingen|4610|12.03||||
|align="center"||Wolfwil|2044|6.89||||
|align="center"||**Total**|**17,148**|**62.02**||||
</div>
Gösgen District

**Gösgen** is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland, found in the northeast of the canton.

Gösgen contains the following municipalities:

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|align="center" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|Coat of arms|align="left" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Municipality**|align="center" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Population** <small>(Dec 2005)</small>|align="center" valign="center" bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Area, km²**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"||Erlinsbach|2937|8.90||||
|align="center"||Hauenstein-Ifenthal|290|5.30||||
|align="center"||Kienberg|513|8.53||||
|align="center"||Lostorf|3636|13.27||||
|align="center"||Niedergösgen|3790|4.33||||
|align="center"||Obergösgen|2057|3.63||||
|align="center"||Rohr|94|2.25||||
|align="center"||Stüsslingen|1001|6.15||||
|align="center"||Trimbach|6176|7.66||||
|align="center"||Winznau|1667|4.00||||
|align="center"||Wisen|407|4.79||||
|align="center"||**Total**|**22,568**|**68.81**||||
</div>
Snap!

**Snap!** is an electronic music group created by German producers Michael Münzing and Luca Anzilotti.

### Albums

- 1990 _World Power_
- 1992 _The Madman's Return_
- 1995 _Welcome To Tomorrow_
- 1996 _Attack!_
- 1996 _Attack! - The Remixes_
- 2000 _One Day On Earth_ (unreleased)
- 2001 _The Greatest Hits_
- 2002 _The Power - Best Of Snap!_
- 2003 _The Cult Of Snap!_ (US: _The Power Of Snap!_)

### Singles

- 1990 "The Power"
- 1990 "Ooops Up"
- 1990 "Cult of Snap"
- 1990 "Mary Had a Little Boy"
- 1991 "Megamix"
- 1991 "Colour of Love"
- 1992 "Rhythm Is a Dancer"
- 1992 "Exterminate!"
- 1993 "Do You See The Light (Looking For)"
- 1994 "Welcome To Tomorrow (Are You Ready?)"
- 1995 "The First The Last Eternity (Till The End)"
- 1995 "The World in my Hands"
- 1996 "Rame"
- 1996 "The Power '96"
- 1996 "Rhythm is a Dancer '96"
- 2000 "Gimme a Thrill"
- 2002 "Do You See The Light 2002" vs Plaything
- 2002 "Rhythm is a Dancer 2002" vs CJ Stone
- 2003 "The Power (Of Bhangra)"
- 2003 "Ooops up 2003"
- 2005 "Beauty Queen"
- 2006 "Excited"
- 2006 "We Want Your Soul"

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Snap!
- **img**: Snap! 2017.jpg
- **img capt**: Penny Ford and Rapper Benjamin Lowe alias Stoli from Snap! at A-Danceclub (Vienna) 2017
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Germany
- **genre**: electronic music
- **years active**: 1989-present
- **label**: Logic Records, Arista
- **associated acts**: 16 Bit, Off
- **url**: http://www.snap-world.com
- **current members**: Michael Münzing, Luca Anzilotti, Turbo B.
- **past members**: Jackie Harris, Penny Ford, Thea Austin, Niki Haris, Summer
Münster Government Region

**Münster** is one of the five _Regierungsbezirke_ of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the north of the state.

The _Regierungsbezirk_ was made in 1815. This means it is one of the original 25 _Regierungsbezirke_ made to help govern Prussia.

The last time the boundaries of the region were changed was 1975. This was when the number of districts was changed from 10 to 5, and the number of district-free cities (urban districts) from six to three.

|width=50%|_Kreise_ (districts)|width=50%|_Kreisfreie Städte_ (district-free towns)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||# Borken # Coesfeld # Recklinghausen # Steinfurt # Warendorf||# Bottrop # Gelsenkirchen # Münster|

## Other websites

- Official website
- The Münsterland Tourism board

## Infobox (german regierungsbezirk)

- **name**: Münster
- **map**: NRW rbmuenster.png
- **state**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **capital**: Münster
- **area**: 6904.93
- **population**: 2619372
- **population as of**: 31 Dec. 2006
- **url**: [http://www.bezreg-muenster.nrw.de/ bezreg-muenster.nrw.de]
- **latd**: 51.96
- **longd**: 7.63
Caffè Nero

**Caffè Nero** (Italian for _black coffee_) or **Caffè Nero Group Plc** is a British coffee shop chain. It was established in 1997 and runs more than 330 shops nationwide. The company successfully dismissed a hostile takeover attempt during the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Business Week Caffe Nero Article

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: Caffè Nero Group Plc.
- **company logo**: Caffè Nero.jpg
- **company type**: Public limited company (London Stock Exchange, LSE: [http://www.londonstockexchange.com/LSECWS/IFSPages/PageRedirect.aspx?sym=GB0001277499GBGBXSEAQ0127749CFN CFN])
- **foundation**: England, 1997
- **location**: 2nd Floor, 3 Neal Street, London, WC2H 9PU, England
- **key people**: Gerry Ford (Caffe Nero), Gerry Ford, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, CEO
Paul Ettinger, Commercial Director
 Benedictine Price, Finance Director, Financial Director
 Jonathan Hart, Managing Director
- **industry**: Coffee Shops
- **products**: Coffee
Frappelatte
Espresso
Caffe Latte, Caffè Latte
Cafe mocha, Mocha
- **revenue**: £43.4 million Pound Sterling, GBP (2005)
Costa Coffee

**Costa Coffee** is a British multinational coffeehouse and retail company headquartered in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Coca Cola. It is the largest coffeehouse chain in the world behind Starbucks and the largest in Britain.<sup>[2]</sup>

Costa Coffee was founded in London in 1971 by the Costa family as a wholesale operation supplying roasted coffee to caterers and specialist Italian coffee shops. Acquired by Whitbread in 1995 for £19M, it has since grown to over 3,277 stores across 31 countries. The business has 2,121 UK restaurants, over 6,000 Costa Express vending facilities and a further 1,280 outlets overseas (including 395 in China).<sup>[1][3]</sup>

## History

Italian emigrant brothers Bruno and Sergio Costa founded a coffee roastery in Lambeth, London, in 1971, supplying local caterers. The family having moved to England in the 1960s.<sup>[4][5]</sup> Costa branched out to selling coffee in 1978, when its first store opened on Vauxhall Bridge Road, London.

In 1985, Sergio bought out Bruno's share of the company. Bruno went on to found a tableware company.<sup>[6]</sup> By 1995, the chain had 41 stores in UK.<sup>[7]</sup> In 1995, the business was acquired by Whitbread for £19M, UK's largest hotel and coffee shop operator, becoming a wholly owned subsidiary. In 2009, Costa opened its 1,000th store - in Cardiff. In December 2009, Costa Coffee agreed to acquire Coffee Heaven for £36 million, adding 79 stores in central and eastern Europe.<sup>[8]</sup>  On 31 August 2018, Coca Cola paid US$4.9 billion for the Costa chain worldwide. After approval from regulatory authorities in the European Union and China, the deal went ahead, extending Coca-Cola's presence in the coffee and restaurant market.

## Related pages

- Starbucks
- Caffè Nero

## Other websites

- Costa Coffee at Motorway Services
- Costa Coffee website
- Costa Book Awards website
- Costa Foundation website

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Costa Limited
- **logo**: Costa Coffee Logo white on red.png
- **logo size**: 250px
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **foundation**:
London, England
- **founder**: Bruno Costa
Sergio Costa
- **location**: Dunstable, England, United Kingdom, UK
- **key people**: Dominic Paul (CEO)
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **industry**: Coffeehouse, Coffee shop & Retail
- **products**: Coffee (from beans to beverage), tea, sandwiches, sweet snacks and iced drinks
- **locations**: 3,882 <small>(2018)</small>
- **revenue**: £1.167 billion (2016)
- **net income**: £153 million (2016)
- **parent**: The Coca-Cola Company
Yves Ternon

**Yves Ternon** (born in 1932 in France) is a French historian specializing on historical research of the Jewish Holocaust and the Armenian Genocide. He is a doctor of history of University Paris IV Sorbonne. He is also an active member of _Doctors Without Borders_ organization.

## Books

- Le massacre des aliénés (with Socrate Helman), Casterman, 1971.
- German Doctors and national-socialism (1973),
- Armenians, history of a genocide (Threshold, 1977 and 1996),
- The Armenian Cause (Threshold, 1983),
- Investigation into the negation of a genocide (Brackets, 1989),
- The criminal State (Threshold, 1995).

## Other websites

- LeMonde:Yves Ternon
- Ternon's biography