juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Flares

**Flares** (also called **bell-bottoms**, **loon pants**, **boot-cut/leg** and **hip-huggers**) are trousers that become wider from the knees downwards. They are worn by men and women.
Autopsy

An **autopsy** (also called a **post-mortem examination**) is a medical examination of a corpse to find out what killed it (disease or injury). Autopsies are done by specialised doctors, called pathologists.

Autopsies are not done all the time. They are usually done either for medical reasons, or for legal ones. One of the legal reasons why an autopsy is done is to find out if the death was the result of a crime. A medical case is to find the cause of death when it is unclear. Sometimes autopsies are done to train new doctors.

Sometimes, the cause of death can be found by simply looking at the corpse without opening it. In other cases, it may need to be opened, to find the cause of death. If it is opened, it is usually closed again; most of the time, corpses are buried. Before being buried, they are on display for some time. For this, they need to look acceptable. In certain cases, like when the corpse is opened, special permissions are perhaps necessary. These are usually given by the closest living relative, called next of kin.

## Related pages

- Forensic science

## Other websites

- Autopsy  - a detailed description by a pathologist complete with cartoon figures.
- _HBO's Autopsy_  - a series on HBO about forensics and autopsies.
- How Stuff Works - Autopsies
Supro Ozark 1560 S

The **Supro Ozark** is an old electric guitar with only one pick-up. It is most famous as being the first electric guitar Jimi Hendrix owned.
Stormbreaker

***Stormbreaker*** is a book by British writer Anthony Horowitz. It is the first book in the _Alex Rider_ series. It was released on 4 September 2000 in the United Kingdom and on 21 May 2001 in the United States. A movie based on the book was released on 21 July 2006. It starred Alex Pettyfer as the book's main character, Alex Rider.
Event-driven programming

In computer programming, **event-driven programming** also known as **event-based programming** is a programming method in which the flow of the program is determined by sensor outputs or user actions (such as mouse clicks, key presses) or by messages from other programs or threads running on the computer.

Event-driven programs can be written using any of the computer programming languages, although the task is easier in languages that provide high-level of abstractions to support it. Some integrated development environments provide all assisting methods that automate most tasks required for events handling.
Leeds Bradford International Airport

**Leeds Bradford International Airport** is a large airport in West Yorkshire, England. It is in Yeadon, Leeds and near Bradford. The airport was sold to Bridgepoint Capital in 2007. The airport has flights to many other cities including London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Paris, Amsterdam, Brussels, Rome, Milan, Madrid, Barcelona and Prague.  It is widely used for both holiday and business flights. Around 3 million people use the airport every year. The number of passengers is increasing each year.

The airline Jet2.com is based at the airport. In August 2009, Ryanair announced they would open a base at Leeds Bradford Airport. Ryan would increase their routes from 3 to 17 from March 2010.

## Statistics

||Number of Passengers|Number of Movements|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1,254,853|26,123||
|1,406,948|25,615||
|1,462,497|26,185||
|1,585,039|29,263||
|1,530,227|28,397||
|1,530,019|28,566||
|2,017,649|29,397||
|2,368,604|31,493||
|2,609,638|35,949||
|2,792,686|37,251||
|2,881,539|39,603||
|2,873,321|37,604||
|colspan="5" style="text-align:right;"|<sup>_Source:_</sup>||

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Leeds Bradford International Airport
- **image**: Leeds Bradford International Airport terminal.jpg
- **image-width**: 250
- **iata**: LBA
- **icao**: EGCC
- **type**: Public
- **owner-oper**: Bridgepoint Capital
- **location**: Yeadon, West Yorkshire
- **elevation-f**: 681
- **elevation-m**: 208
- **website**: [http://www.lbia.co.uk/ www.lbia.co.uk]
- **metric-rwy**: yes
- **r1-number**: 14/32
- **r1-length-f**: 7,382
- **r1-length-m**: 2,250
- **r1-surface**: Concrete/Grooved Asphalt
- **footnotes**: Sources: UK Aeronautical Information Publication, AIP at National Air Traffic Services, NATS
Statistics from the Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom), UK Civil Aviation Authority
Leeds Metropolitan University

**Leeds Metropolitan University** is a university in Leeds, England.  It is the second largest university in the city after the University of Leeds.  The University sometimes calls itself **Leeds Carnegie**.  It used to be called **Leeds Polytechnic**.
Wetherby

**Wetherby** is a town in West Yorkshire, England.  It is part of the City of Leeds borough.  Wetherby is on the River Wharfe.  The town has a market every Thursday.  There are 11 pubs in Wetherby and many shops.  There are Morrisons and Sainsbury's supermarkets in the town.  Wetherby is on the A1 motorway.  22,000 people live in Wetherby.  Wetherby has an historic town hall.  Wetherby is also close to York and Harrogate.

## Work

Wetherby has many factories in Thorpe Arch and on the Sandbeck Industrial Estate.  The British Library are in London and **Wetherby**.  Most people in Wetherby work in Leeds.

## Market

Wetherby has a market every Thursday in the Market Place.  While the market is on, all cars are stopped from entering the area around the town hall.  There is also a farmers market one Sunday in every month.  A market and car-boot sale are held at the racecourse every Sunday during the summer months.

## Sport

Wetherby has its own racecourse as well as amateur football, cricket, rugby league, rugby union and bowls teams.  There is also a golf course.  Besides horse racing, there are no professional sports teams in Wetherby but there are many nearby in Leeds.

## Schools and Colleges

Wetherby has several primary schools, a large secondary school and Park Lane College.  There are universities nearby in Leeds.  Wetherby High School used to be a secondary modern school but is now a comprehensive school.

## Twinning

Wetherby is twinned with Privas in France.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **label position**: top
- **official name**: Wetherby
- **population**: 11,155
- **population ref**: _(2001)_
- **civil parish**: Wetherby
- **metropolitan borough**: City of Leeds
- **metropolitan county**: West Yorkshire
- **region**: Yorkshire and the Humber
- **constituency westminster**: Elmet and Rothwell (UK Parliament constituency), Elmet and Rothwell
- **post town**: WETHERBY
- **postcode district**: LS22, LS23
- **postcode area**: LS
- **dial code**: 01937
- **os grid reference**: SE404481
- **static image**: Wetherby from the South.jpg
- **static image caption**: Wetherby as viewed from Micklethwaite, Wetherby, Micklethwaite across the River Wharfe.
Dynamic-link library

**Dynamic-link library** (also written as **D**ynamic **L**ink **L**ibrary or **DLL**), is Microsoft's implementation of shared libraries used by the Microsoft Windows operating systems. These libraries usually have the file extension <kbd>DLL</kbd>, <kbd>OCX</kbd> (for libraries containing ActiveX controls), or <kbd>DRV</kbd> (for Windows legacy system drivers).

Any of the Microsoft Windows data files having the same file format as that of the _Dynamic-link library_ can be called a _resource DLL_. Examples of such DLLs include _icon libraries_, sometimes having the extension <kbd>ICL</kbd>, and the font files, having the extensions <kbd>FON</kbd> and <kbd>FOT</kbd>.
Jack Peddie

**John Hope Peddie**, commonly known as **Jack** or **Jock Peddie**, (3 March 1876 – 20 October 1928) was a Scottish footballer who played for various clubs in both England and Scotland, including Newcastle United, Manchester United, Plymouth Argyle and Heart of Midlothian.

## Other websites

- Plymouth Argyle club website biography
- Profile at StretfordEnd.co.uk
- Profile  at MUFCInfo.com

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Jack Peddie
- **fullname**: John Hope Peddie
- **birth place**: Glasgow, Scotland
- **death place**: Detroit, Michigan, United States
- **position**: Forward (association football), Centre-forward
- **youthyears1**: ?–1895
- **youthclubs1**: Benburb F.C., Benburb
- **years1**: 1895–1897
- **clubs1**: Third Lanark A.C., Third Lanark
- **caps1**: 39
- **goals1**: 11
- **years2**: 1897–1902
- **clubs2**: Newcastle United F.C., Newcastle United
- **caps2**: 125
- **goals2**: 73
- **years3**: 1902–1903
- **clubs3**: Manchester United F.C., Manchester United
- **caps3**: 30
- **goals3**: 11
- **years4**: 1903–1904
- **clubs4**: Plymouth Argyle F.C., Plymouth Argyle
- **caps4**: 40
- **goals4**: 15
- **years5**: 1904–1907
- **clubs5**: Manchester United F.C., Manchester United
- **caps5**: 82
- **goals5**: 41
- **years6**: 1907–1908
- **clubs6**: Heart of Midlothian F.C., Heart of Midlothian
- **caps6**: 14
- **goals6**: 5
- **totalcaps**: 330
- **totalgoals**: 156
Michael Cole

**Michael Sean Coulthard** (born December 8, 1966), better known by his stage name **Michael Cole**, is an American professional wrestling commentator and former news journalist. He is the current play-by-play announcer for WWE's SmackDown brand and  the vice president of announcing since 2020. Cole also guest refereed a couple of dark matches and competed in his first match against Jerry Lawler at WrestleMania XXVII. In 2010, he became a heel, and turned face again in 2012.

## Awards and accomplishments

- ***The Baltimore Sun***
    - Non-Wrestling Performer of the Year (2010)
- **World Wrestling Entertainment / WWE**
    - Slammy Award (4 times)
        - "Oh My" Moment of the Year (2009)
        - "And I Quote..." Line of the Year (2010)
        - Most Regrettable Attire of the Year (2011)
        - Favorite Web Show of the Year (2013) –
- ***Wrestling Observer Newsletter***
    - Worst Gimmick (2011)
    - Worst Television Announcer (2001, 2009–2012, 2020)
- **WrestleCrap**
    - Gooker Award (2011) <small>Antics throughout the years</small>

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Michael Cole
- **image**: Michael Cole 2010.jpg
- **names**: **Michael Cole**
- **height**: 5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
- **weight**: 176 lb. (80 kg)
- **birth place**: Syracuse, New York
- **debut**: 1997
- **caption**: Cole in 2010
Rlogin

In computing, **rlogin** is a Unix program that allows users to log in on another host using a network. rlogin uses TCP port 513. It was first distributed as part of the 4.2BSD release.  rlogin is also the name of the application layer protocol used by the software, also the protocol is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite.

The rlogin homepage is located at http://rlogin.sourceforge.net.

rlogin has several serious security problems, the most important are:
- All information, including passwords, is transmitted unencrypted (making it open to interception). There is a modern version, called Rlogin Kerberos, that uses the MIT Kerberos authentication technique.
- The protocol partially depends on the remote rlogin client to provide information honestly (including source port and source host name).  A corrupt client is thus able to rebuild this and gain access.
- The protocol lacks any means of authenticating other machines' identities, ensuring that the rlogin client is running on a trusted machine, or if it is the _real_ rlogin client.

Due to its serious problems, rlogin was rarely used across untrusted networks (like the public internet), and rlogin distributions are no longer included by default with many Unix and Linux distributions. Many networks which were depending on rlogin and telnet have replaced it with SSH and the _rlogin secured equivalent_ slogin.

## Related pages

- Internet protocol suite
- Communications protocol

## Other websites

- http://rlogin.sourceforge.net
Vasily Zaytsev

Captain **Vasily Grigoryevich Zaytsev**  (23 March 1915 – 15 December 1991) was a Soviet sniper during World War II.

He is particularly notable for his activities between 10 November and 17 December 1942, during the Battle of Stalingrad. He killed 225 soldiers and officers of the Wehrmacht and other Axis armies, including 11 enemy snipers. Before the 10th  November, he had already killed 32 Axis soldiers with the standard Mosin-Nagant rifle. Between October 1942 and January 1943, Zaytsev had made 242 verified kills, but the real number may be much higher; some argue it might have been as many as 400. His military rank at the time was Junior Lieutenant.

- A film called _Enemy At The Gates_ is based on his achievements during WWII.

## Books

- Zaytsev,Vasily (1956) "Notes of a Sniper:For us There is no Land Beyond the Volga" Vladivostok:Moscow/2826 Press Inc.
- Beevor, Antony (1998). _Stalingrad_. Penguin Books Ltd.: London. .
- Robbins, David L. (2000). _War of the Rats_. Bantam Books. .
- (1989). _The Reader's Digest Illustrated History of World War II_. Reader's Digest Association Limited.: London.

## Other websites

- Vasily Zaytsev war hero biography – On the website dedicated to the Heroes of the Soviet Union/Russia
- Василий Зайцев "За Волгой земли для нас не было.Записки снайпера"  — Vasily Zaytsev's book (Zip archive)
- WWII snipers

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Vasily Grigoryevich Zaytsev
- **placeofbirth**: Yeleninskoye, Russian Empire
- **placeofdeath**: Kiev, Ukraine
- **image**: Vasili Záitsev.jpg
- **allegiance**: Soviet Union
- **serviceyears**: 1942 — 1943
- **rank**: Captain
- **battles**: Eastern Front (World War II), Great Patriotic War
* Battle of Stalingrad
- **awards**: Hero of the Soviet Union
 Order of Lenin
 Order of the Red Banner
 Order of the Patriotic War, 1st Class
 Medal for the Defence of Stalingrad
 Medal For the Victory Over Germany
Mike Adamle

**Michael David Adamle** (born October 4, 1949; pronounced ) is a sports personality and former National Football League player.

In college he became a Big Ten Most Valuable Player. He is still thought of as one of the great players for Northwestern University.

After a successful career with the National Football League, Adamle began working for NBC Sports. He then worked for a variety of programs. He was host of _American Gladiators_ and worked for World Wrestling Entertainment.

He has worked for WMAQ-TV in Chicago since 2004.

In February 2017, Adamle was diagnosed with dementia.

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **name**: Mike Adamle
- **image**: Mike Adamle Rosemont IL 081808.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Mike Adamle as the General Manager of WWE's Raw (WWE brand), Raw brand
- **position**: Running Back
- **number**: 1, 20
- **birth place**: Euclid, Ohio, United States
- **draftyear**: 1971
- **draftround**: 4
- **draftpick**: 120
- **high school**: Theodore Roosevelt High School (Kent, Ohio), Kent (OH) Roosevelt
- **college**: Northwestern Wildcats football, Northwestern
- **teams**: * Kansas City Chiefs (–)
* New York Jets (–)
* Chicago Bears (–)
- **statlabel1**: Rushing attempts
- **statvalue1**: 308
- **statlabel2**: Rushing yards
- **statvalue2**: 1,149
- **statlabel3**: Rushing touchdowns
- **statvalue3**: 4
- **nfl**: ADA083058
- **pfr**: A/AdamMi01
Port forwarding

**Port forwarding**, also referred to as port mapping, is a method of forwarding a network port from one network node to another. This technique can allow an external user to reach a port on a private IP address (inside a LAN) from the outside using a NAT-enabled router.

Port forwarding allows remote computers (e.g. public machines on the Internet) to connect to a specific computer within a private LAN.

For example:
- forwarding of port 80 to run an HTTP webserver within private LAN from internet
- forwarding of port 22 to allow Secure Shell access within private LAN from internet
- forwarding of port 21 to allow FTP access within private LAN from internet

Port forwarding is not necessary with IPv6, because every IPv6-enabled device has a public IPv6 address.

## Related pages

- Internet protocol suite
- Communications protocol
Paul Burchill

**Paul Burchill** (born **Paul Kenneth Birchall** on 8 October 1979) is an English professional wrestler who currently appears for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). He is best known for his time in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) from 2005–2010. He had an on-screen sister called Katie Lea Burchill.

## Championships and accomplishments

- One Night Tournament (2004)
- **International Wrestling Promotions**
    - IWP Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- **Ohio Valley Wrestling**
    - OVW Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
    - OVW Southern Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Stu Sanders
- **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
    - PWI ranked him #**123** of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2009

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Paul Burchill
- **image**: Burchil signs autographs in belfast cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Burchill in 2009
- **names**: Paul Birchill
"The Ripper"Paul Burchall
Burchill
**Paul Burchill**
- **birth place**: Guildford, Surrey, England
- **billed**: **Chelsea, London, Chelsea, England**
London, England
Guildford, Surrey
Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
- **trainer**: professional wrestling school, FWA Training Academy
Mark Sloan
- **debut**: August 2002
Serial port

In computing, a **serial port** is a _serial communication physical interface_ through which information  transfers, either in or out, one bit at a time (in contrast with parallel port).

During most of the personal computers history, serial ports connected computers to devices such as terminals and various peripherals.

While such interfaces as  Ethernet, FireWire, and USB all send data as a serial stream, the term "serial port" usually identifies hardware meeting the requirements of the RS-232 standard, for the purpose of interfacing with a modem or with a similar communication device.

For many computer peripheral devices the USB interface has replaced the serial port. While nearly every server has a serial port, many modern low-end workstations and laptops often don't have one. The serial port is not present for cost savings, and is considered to be a legacy port on personal computers.

However, serial ports can be found in industrial systems, scientific analysis and laboratory equipments, point of sales and some industrial and consumer products. Network equipments (such as routers and switches) often have serial ports for configuration. Serial ports are still used in these areas as they are simple, cheap and allow communications between devices.
Flag of the Netherlands

The **flag of the Netherlands** is a tricolour of red, white, and blue. It was introduced in 1572. Since 1937, the flag has officially been the national flag of the Netherlands and of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

## Description

The national flag of the Netherlands is a tricolour flag. The colors are red (bright vermilion), white (silver), and blue (cobalt blue). The first Stadtholder, or ruler, of the Dutch Republic was William of Orange, who joined with Dutch nationalists and led the struggle for independence from Spain. Partly out of respect for him, the first flag adopted by the Dutch was originally orange, white, and blue. The orange dye was particularly unstable and tended to turn red after a while, so in the mid-17th century, red was made the official color. The flag has flown since then. As the first revolutionary flag, it has had an influence throughout the world. Until about 1800, in the case of both the orange- and the red-striped versions, the number of stripes and their order frequently varied.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Kingdom of the Netherlands
- **image**: Flag of the Netherlands.svg
- **proportion**: 2:3
Coat of arms of the Netherlands

**The Greater Coat of Arms of the Realm**, (or "Grote Rijkswapen"), is the Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The components of the coats of arms were regulated by Queen Wilhelmina in a Royal decree of July 10th 1907.

## Description

The shield is crowned with the Dutch royal crown and supported by two lions. They stand on a scroll Azure with the text "Je Maintiendrai" (medieval French for "I will endure".)

The monarch places this coat of arms on a mantle lined with Ermine. Above the mantle is a pavilion Gules again topped with the royal crown.

In the Royal decree it is stated that the male successors can replace the crown on the shield by a helm.

## History

This version of the coat of arms is in use since 1907.
Flag of the United States Virgin Islands

The **flag of the United States Virgin Islands** was adopted in 1921. The eagle holds a branch in one talon, and three arrows in the other, meaning the three major islands: Saint Thomas, Saint John, and Saint Croix. Additionally, the colors of the flag are: yellow, showing various characteristics of the territory and the flowers; green, symbolizing the hills; white, meaning the clouds; and blue, depicting the waters.

## History of the flag

The idea of a Virgin Islands Flag began with Rear Admiral Summer Ely Whitmore Kitelle, who was  governor of the Islands on April 26, 1921. He approached Mr. White, and Percival Wilson Sparks, and asked them for suggestions for a flag design. Sparks, a cartoonist, drew a flag on paper. Afterwards Sparks transferred it on heavy cotton material, then asked his wife Grace and her sister Blanche Joseph to make the design.
Morphine (band)

**Morphine** was an alternative rock band formed in 1989. They released the studio albums _Good_, _Cure for Pain_, _Yes_, and _Like Swimming_. They also released one greatest hits album in February of 2003.

## Members

- Mark Sandman - 2-string slide bass, vocals, organ, tritar (3-string slide guitar), guitar, piano
- Dana Colley - baritone sax, tenor sax, double sax, triangle
- Billy Conway - various percussion
- Jerome Deupree - various percussion

## Albums

- Good (_1992_)
- Cure for Pain (_1993_)
- Yes (_1995_)
- Like Swimming (_1997_)
- The B-Sides and Otherwise (_1997_)
- Sampilation (_1997_)
- The Night (_2000_)
- Bootleg Detroit (_2000_)
- The Best of Morphine: 1992 - 1995 (_2003_)
- Sandbox: The Mark Sandman box set (_2004_)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Morphine
- **img**: Mark_Sandman_Mississippi_Nights_1997.04.09.jpg
- **img capt**: Morphine in 1997 at Mississippi Nights, St Louis, MO
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Cambridge, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- **genre**: Alternative rock, experimental rock, jazz rock
- **years active**: 1989–1999
- **label**: Rykodisc, DreamWorks Records, DreamWorks
- **associated acts**: Treat Her Right, Twinemen, Bourbon Princess
- **past members**: Mark Sandman
Dana Colley
Billy Conway
Jerome Deupree
Pietro Acciarito

**Pietro Umberto Acciarito** (1871 - 1943) was an Italian anarchist. Born in france, he lived near Rome. Acciarito is famous because he tried to kill the Italian king, Umberto I, on 22 April 1897, for which he was sent to prison for life.

## Related pages

- List of anarchists

## Other websites

- drawing of the attack
Good (Morphine album)

***Good*** is the first album by rock band Morphine. It was released in 1992.

## Track listing

1. "Good" - 2:36
1. "The Saddest Song" - 2:50
1. "Claire" - 3:07
1. "Have a Lucky Day" - 3:24
1. "You Speak My Language" - 3:25
1. "You Look Like Rain" - 3:42
1. "Do Not Go Quietly Unto Your Grave" - 3:21
1. "Lisa" - 0:43
1. "The Only One" - 2:42
1. "Test Tube Baby/Shoot Em Down" - 3:11
1. "The Other Side" - 3:50
1. "I Know You (Part One)" - 2:17
1. "I Know You (Part Two)" - 2:45
Francisco Ascaso

**Francisco Ascaso Abadía** (April 1, 1901 – July 20, 1936) was a famous Anarcho-syndicalist in Spain, friend of Buenaventura Durruti. He was born in Almudévar and died in Barcelona. In his life he traveled and fought in Spain, France, Argentine, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, Latin America and was deported to the Canary Islands. In the Spanish Civil War, the anarchist Ascaso joined the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) and he fought in the first time in the armed group called and then in 1922 in the group called _Los Solidarios_. In 1934 he became regional general secretary of the CNT. He died in the Spanish Civil War, on the first day of conflict in Barcelona. After his death, a groups of anarchists called them the "Francisco Ascaso Column".

## Related pages

- Anarchy
Cure for Pain

***Cure For Pain*** was the second album released by the band Morphine. It was put out on the Rykodisc label in 1993. The tracks "Sheila" and "In Spite of Me" were part of the soundtrack of the 1994 independent movie _Spanking the Monkey_.

## Track listing

1. "Dawna" - 0:44 ^
1. "Buena" - 3:19
1. "I'm Free Now" - 3:24
1. "All Wrong" - 3:40
1. "Candy" - 3:14
1. "A Head With Wings" - 3:39
1. "In Spite of Me" - 2:34 ^
1. "Thursday" - 3:26
1. "Cure for Pain" - 3:13
1. "Mary Won't You Call My Name?" - 2:29
1. "Let's Take a Trip Together" - 2:59 ^
1. "Sheila" - 2:49
Marie Louise Berneri

**Marie Louise Berneri** (March 1, 1918 - April 13, 1949) was an anarchist activist and author.

## Life

She was born in Arezzo, Italy, and she was the daughter of Camillo & Giovanna Berneri. The family went into exile in 1926 for resisting Mussolini. In 1936, her father went to Spain, to fight against the fascists in the Spanish Civil War. He was assassinated by communists in 1937. She wrote for many journals, articles as, _Revision_, with Luis Mercier Vega and was a member of the group that edited _Revolt_, _War Commentary_, and the _Freedom newspaper_ published by the Freedom Bookstore in London. She also wrote _Journey Through Utopia_ and _Neither East Nor West_.  During the father's murder she was living in France and studying psychology at the Sorbonne University. She married Vernon Richards, also an active anarchist with many of the same groups and publications as she. In April 1945 she was one of the four editors of _War Commentary_. In the post-war international anarchist conference in Paris, 1948
 she was  a member of the British delegation. Her mother and sister Giliane Berneri were members of the Italian and French anarchists delegations.

## The death

Marie-Louise Berneri died, along with her baby, during childbirth, 13 April 1949 at the age of 31. George Woodcock & Ivan Avacumovic dedicated their biography of Peter Kropotkin, _The Anarchist Prince_ (1950) to Marie-Louise Berneri, "a true disciple of Kropotkin."

## Related pages

- Feminism
- Anarchism
- List of anarchists

## Other websites

- Marie-Louise Berneri , from The Anarchist Encyclopedia at Recollection Books
Marco Camenisch

**Marco Camenisch** (born 21 January 1952) is a Swiss anarchist and environmental activist. He was born in Schiers. He served several years in prison for the 1989 murder of a border guard in Brusio, Switzerland and other offences.

Camenisch has maintained his political ideas during his time in prison, and he has remained a political activist.

## Other websites

- List of anarchists
Sante Geronimo Caserio

**Sante Geronimo Caserio** (September 8, 1873 - August 16, 1894) was an Italian anarchist who assassinated the president of the French Third Republic, Marie François Sadi Carnot, by stabbing.

## Death

Caserio was executed by guillotine in Lyon at 5 am on August 16, 1894. In front of the guillotine, he shouted "_Coraggio, compagni — evviva l' anarchia!_" ("Courage, comrades — Long live anarchy!")

## Related pages

- List of anarchists

## Bibliography

- _Maurizio Antonioli_. Voce "Sante Caserio", in _Autori Vari_ "Dizionario biografico degli anarchici italiani", ed. _Pisa_, BFS.
- _Rino Gualtieri_. "Per quel sogno di un mondo nuovo", ed. _Milan_, Euzelia.
- _Errico Malatesta_. "Al caffè", 1922

## Other websites

- Article about Caserio
- Le Bal des Innocents: a film about Caserio
- The songs about Sante Caserio
Pakistan Day

**Pakistan Day** (, lit. _Yaum-e-Pakistan_) is a national holiday in Pakistan. It is celebrated on 23 March each year. At start this day was celebrated for  the adoption of the first Constitution of Pakistan during the transition of the Dominion of Pakistan to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan on 23 March 1956 making Pakistan the world's first Islamic republic. Later, this day celebrates the adoption of the Lahore Resolution by the Muslim League at the _Minar-e-Pakistan_ (lit. Pakistan Tower) which called for the creation of an independent sovereign state derived from the provinces with Muslim majorities located in the North-West and East of British India (excluding autonomous princely States) on 23 March 1940.

## Infobox (holiday)

- **holiday name**: Pakistan Day

- **type**: national
- **image**: Two JF-17 Thunders.jpg
- **imagesize**: 260px
- **caption**: Two JF-17 Thunder fighter jets flown at the Pakistan Armed Forces, Joint Inter-Services parade in Islamabad on 23 March 2007.
- **official name**:

- **significance**: Commemoration of Pakistan Resolution and Constitution of Pakistan, Constitution
- **date**: 23 March
- **scheduling**: same day each year
- **duration**: 1 day
- **frequency**: annual
- **celebrations**: Full Pakistan Armed Forces, Joint Inter-Services military parade, conferring of Civil decorations of Pakistan, national decorations
- **observances**: Pakistan
Karachi Agreement

The **Karachi Agreement** was a cease-fire agreement signed by Pakistan and India on the 27th of July 1949. It established a cease-fire line which could be monitored by observers from the United Nations. The Agreement was signed by the following:

- Major General W. J Cawthorn, Government of Pakistan.
- Lieutenanat-General S.M Shrinagesh, Government of India.
- Hernando Samper and M Delvoie United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan.
Badshahi Mosque

The **Badshahi Mosque** () is a mosque in Pakistan. It was built in 1673 by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan, near the Minar-e-Pakistan. It is one of the most famous historical places in Pakistan.

It is one of the city's best known landmarks, and a major tourist attraction. Reflecting the beauty and grandeur of the Mughal, it has four minarets. Two are minor and two are major.

## Related pages

- Sheesh Mahal<nowiki/>n
- Taj Mahal
- Shalimar Gardens Lahore
- Lahore Fort
- Minar-e-Pakistan

## Infobox (religious building)

- **building name**: <span style="font-size:larger;">Badshahi Masjid</span>
- **image**: Badshahi Mosque July 1 2005 pic32 by Ali Imran (1).jpg
- **location**: Lahore, Pakistan
- **religious affiliation**: Islam
- **province**: Punjab (Pakistan), Punjab
- **district**: Lahore District, Lahore
- **consecration year**: 1671
- **status**: Mosque
- **leadership**: Aurangzeb
- **architecture type**: Mosque
- **architecture style**: Islamic architecture, Islamic, Mughal architecture, Mughal
- **year completed**: 1673
- **dome quantity**: 3
- **minaret quantity**: 8 (4 square, 4 smaller octagonal)
- **minaret height**: 54 m (square),
Minar-e-Pakistan

**Minar-e-Pakistan** (; Mīnār-ĕ Pākistān or Yadgaar-e-Pakistan) is a tall minaret in Iqbal Park Lahore, built in commemoration of the Lahore Resolution.
Mazar-e-Quaid

**Mazar-e-Quaid** () or the **National Mausoleum** is the tomb of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It is a symbol of Karachi throughout the world. The mausoleum was built in the 1960s. It is in the center of the city. Near the tomb there is a park that has strong lights that shine on the tomb at night. Here  with Quaid-e-Azam, Liaquat Ali Khan and Fatima Jinnah are also buried.

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Mazar-e-Quaid
- **image**: Jinnah Mausoleum.JPG
- **caption**: The mausoleum is the resting place of the Pakistan, Pakistan's founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah
- **architect**: Yahya Merchant, Yahya C. Merchant
- **location**: Karachi, Pakistan
- **architectural style**: Modern architecture, Modernist
- **building type**: Mausoleum
- **client**: Government of Pakistan
- **start date**: 31 July 1960
- **inauguration date**: 18 January 1971
Queer as Folk (American TV series)

***Queer as Folk*** is an American-Canadian drama television series that aired from 2000-2005 on Showtime. It is a remake of a British program with the same name. The series follows the lives of several gay men living in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Due to the cost of making the series, it was actually filmed in Toronto, Canada. Following its first episode, the series quickly became the most-viewed program on the Showtime network in the United States, despite its somewhat controversial and graphic depictions of gay life.

## Main cast (in alphabetical order)

|Actor|Character|
| --- | --- |
|Michelle Clunie|Melanie Marcus|
|Robert Gant|Ben Bruckner|
|Thea Gill|Lindsay Peterson|
|Sharon Gless|Debbie Novotny|
|Gale Harold|Brian Kinney|
|Randy Harrison|Justin Taylor|
|Scott Lowell|Theodore (Ted) Schmidt|
|Peter Paige|Emmett Honeycutt|
|Hal Sparks|Michael Novotny|

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Queer As Folk.png
- **genre**: Drama
- **developer**: Ron Cowen
Daniel Lipman
- **starring**: Michelle Clunie
Robert Gant
Thea Gill
Gale Harold
Randy Harrison
Scott Lowell
Peter Paige
Chris Potter (actor), Chris Potter
Hal Sparks
Sharon Gless
Jack Wetherall
- **opentheme**: <small>**Seasons 1-3:**</small>
"Spunk" by Greek Buck
<small>**Seasons 4-5:**</small>
"Cue the Pulse to Begin" by Burnside Project
- **country**: United States
Canada
- **language**: English language, English
- **num seasons**: 5
- **num episodes**: 83
- **list episodes**: List of Queer as Folk episodes
- **runtime**: 44 to 58 minutes
- **network**: Showtime (TV network), Showtime
 Showcase (Canadian TV channel), Showcase
- **related**: Queer as Folk (UK TV series), _Queer as Folk_ (UK)
United States Department of Health and Human Services

The **United States Department of Health and Human Services** (**HHS**) is a cabinet-level executive branch department of the US federal government created to protect the health and providing essential human services. Before the Department of Education was created in 1979, it was called the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW).

HHS is administered by the secretary of health and human services, who is appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **type**: Department
- **seal width**: 175
- **seal caption**: Seal of the US Department of Health and Human Services
- **logo width**: 175
- **logo caption**: Flag of the US Department of Health and Human Services
- **picture caption**: Hubert H. Humphrey Building, Department headquarters
- **formed**: April 11, 1953
- **preceding1**: Federal Security Agency
- **jurisdiction**: Federal government of the United States
- **headquarters**:

- **budget**: $1.631 trillion (2022)
- **chief1 name**: Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
- **chief1 position**: United States Secretary of Health and Human Services, Secretary
- **chief2 name**: Jim O'Neill (investor), Jim O'Neill
- **chief2 position**: United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services, Deputy Secretary
United States Department of Energy

The **United States Department of Energy** (**DOE**) is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government responsible for energy policy and nuclear safety. Its responsibilities include the nation's nuclear weapons program, nuclear reactor production for the United States Navy, energy conservation, energy-related research, radioactive waste disposal, and domestic energy production. DOE also sponsors more basic and applied scientific research than any other US federal agency; most of this is funded through its system of United States Department of Energy National Laboratories.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **name**: United States Department of Energy
- **seal**: Seal of the United States Department of Energy.svg
- **seal width**: 175
- **seal caption**: Seal of the U.S. Department of Energy
- **logo**: Flag of the United States Department of Energy.svg
- **logo caption**: Flag of the U.S. Department of Energy
- **logo width**: 175
- **picture**: US Dept of Energy Forrestal Building.jpg
- **picture caption**: James V. Forrestal Building, Department Headquarters
- **preceding1**: Federal Energy Administration (FEA)
- **preceding2**: Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA)
- **headquarters**: James V. Forrestal Building
1000 Independence Avenue (Washington, D.C.), Independence Avenue
Southwest, Washington, D.C., Southwest, Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **employees**: 12,944 federal (2014)
93,094 contract (2008)
- **budget**: $27.9 billion (2015)
- **chief1 name**: Chris Wright
- **chief1 position**: United States Secretary of Energy, Secretary of Energy
- **chief2 name**: James Danly (nominee)
- **chief2 position**: Deputy Secretary of Energy
Clinton, Mississippi

**Clinton** is a city in Hinds County, Mississippi, United States. It's in the Jackson metropolitan area, and it's the tenth largest city in Mississippi. The population was 28,100 at the 2020 United States Census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Clinton, Mississippi
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: Mount Salus (original name)
- **motto**: You Belong Here
- **image skyline**: ClintonMSWelcomeSign.jpg
- **image map**: Hinds_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Clinton_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Hinds County, Mississippi, Hinds County, Mississippi
- **image map1**: Map of USA MS.svg
- **map caption1**: Location of Mississippi in the United States
- **coordinates footnotes**: __
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Mississippi, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Mississippi
- **subdivision name2**: Hinds County, Mississippi, Hinds
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1823
- **established title2**: Incorporation
- **established date2**: 1824
- **government type**: Mayor-council government, Strong Mayor-Council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Board of Aldermen
- **area total sq mi**: 42.14
- **area land sq mi**: 41.87
- **area water sq mi**: 0.28
- **area total km2**: 109.15
- **area land km2**: 108.44
- **area water km2**: 0.71
- **elevation ft**: 358
- **elevation m**: 109
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 28100
- **population density sq mi**: 671.16
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area codes
- **area code**: Area codes 601 and 769, 601 and 769
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 39056, 39058,
39060 (P.O. boxes)
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 668609
- **population density km2**: 259.13
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Apollo Beach, Florida

**Apollo Beach** is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States.  The population was 26,002 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Apollo Beach, Florida
- **settlement type**: Census-designated place
- **image map**: File:Hillsborough County Florida Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Apollo Beach Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Apollo Beach in Hillsborough County, Florida.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Florida, County
- **subdivision name1**: Florida
- **subdivision name2**: Hillsborough County, Florida, Hillsborough
- **established date**: 1923
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 57.73
- **area total sq mi**: 22.29
- **area land km2**: 50.97
- **area land sq mi**: 19.68
- **area water km2**: 6.77
- **area water sq mi**: 2.61
- **elevation m**: 1
- **elevation ft**: 3
- **population total**: 26002
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 510.16
- **population density sq mi**: 1321.31
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 33570, 33572
- **area code**: Area code 813, 813
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 12-01675
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1867110
Loco, Switzerland

**Loco** is a village and former municipality in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.

In 2001 the municipality of Loco was merged with the neighboring municipalities Auressio and Berzona to form a new and larger municipality Isorno.
Robert Gates

**Robert Michael Gates** (born September 25, 1943) was the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense. He took office on December 18, 2006 under George W. Bush and Barack Obama's administrations until his retirement on July 1, 2011 Prior to this, Gates served for 26 years in the Central Intelligence Agency and the United States National Security Council. Under President George H. W. Bush, Gates served as Director of Central Intelligence.  He was also president of Texas A&M. He is currently Chancellor of the College of William and Mary.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Robert Michael Gates
- **image**: Robert Gates, official DoD photo portrait, 2006.jpg
- **birth place**: Wichita, Kansas, Wichita, Kansas
- **alma mater**: College of William & Mary, Indiana University (Bloomington), Indiana University, Georgetown University
- **order**: 23rd
- **title**: Chancellor of The College of William & Mary
- **term start**: February 3, 2012
- **predecessor**: Sandra Day O'Connor
- **order1**: 22nd
- **title1**: United States Secretary of Defense
- **term start1**: December 18, 2006
- **term end1**: July 1, 2011
- **predecessor1**: Donald Rumsfeld
- **successor1**: Leon Panetta
- **president1**: George W. Bush
Barack Obama
- **deputy1**: Gordon R. England
- **order2**: 22nd
- **title2**: President of Texas A&M University
- **term start2**: August 1, 2002
- **term end2**: December 16, 2006
- **predecessor2**: Ray M. Bowen
- **successor2**: Eddie J. Davis
- **order3**: 15th
- **title3**: Director of Central Intelligence
- **term start3**: November 6, 1991
- **term end3**: January 20, 1993
- **predecessor3**: William Hedgcock Webster
- **successor3**: R. James Woolsey, Jr.
- **president3**: George H. W. Bush
- **deputy3**: Richard James Kerr
William Oliver Studeman
- **order4**: 16th Deputy Director of Central Intelligence
- **term start4**: April 1986
- **term end4**: March 1989
- **president4**: Ronald Reagan
George H. W. Bush
- **predecessor4**: John Norman McMahon
- **successor4**: Richard James Kerr
- **branch**: United States Air Force
- **serviceyears**: 1967-1969
- **battles**: Vietnam War
Director of Central Intelligence

The Office of United States **Director of Central Intelligence** (DCI) was established by U.S. President Harry Truman on January 23 1946 with Admiral Sidney Souers occupying the position. The DCI was coordinating intelligence activities among and between the various United States intelligence agencies, also called the American Intelligence Community.

Until April 2005, the DCI also served as de facto Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and was often referred to colloquially as the "CIA Director." After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the subsequent investigation by the 9/11 Commission, a movement grew to re-organize the Intelligence Community. That movement prompted the creation, on April 21, 2005, of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), in whose purview was the job portfolio that had been performed previously by the Director of Central Intelligence. The latter position then ceased to exist.

## List of Directors of Central Intelligence (in chronological order)

|Director|Tenure|
| --- | --- |
|RADM Sidney Souers, USNR|January 23 1946–June 10 1946|
|LTG Hoyt S. Vandenberg, USA|June 10 1946–May 1 1947|
|RADM Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter, USN|May 1 1947–October 7, 1950|
|GEN Walter Bedell Smith, USA|October 7 1950–February 9 1953|
|Allen W. Dulles|February 26, 1953–November 29, 1961|
|John McCone|November 29 1961–April 28 1965|
|VADM William Raborn, USN (Ret.)|April 28 1965–June 30 1966|
|Richard M. Helms|June 30 1966–February 2 1973|
|James R. Schlesinger|February 2, 1973–July 2 1973|
|William E. Colby|September 4 1973–January 30 1976|
|George H. W. Bush|January 30 1976–January 20 1977|
|ADM Stansfield Turner, USN (Ret.)|March 9 1977–January 20 1981|
|William J. Casey|January 28 1981–January 29 1987|
|William H. Webster|May 26 1987–August 31 1991|
|Robert M. Gates|November 6 1991–January 20 1993|
|R. James Woolsey</td>|February 5 1993–January 10 1995|
|John M. Deutch|May 10 1995–December 15 1996|
|George J. Tenet|July 11 1997–July 11, 2004|
|Porter J. Goss|September 24, 2004–April 21, 2005|
|colspan=2|_Position replaced by Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and Director of National Intelligence._|
Donald Rumsfeld

**Donald Henry Rumsfeld** (July 9, 1932 – June 29, 2021) was an American businessman and politician. Rumsfeld was the 13th United States Secretary of Defense under President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, and the 21st Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006.

He was both the youngest (43 years old) and the oldest (74 years old) person to have held the position, as well as the only person to have held the position for two non-consecutive terms. Rumsfeld was also the second-longest serving Secretary of Defense, behind Robert McNamara.

Rumsfeld was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois between 1963 until 1969. He was also the Ambassador to NATO from 1973 until 1974. He was also the White House Chief of Staff from 1974 until 1975 during the Gerald Ford presidency.

He ran for President of the United States in the 1988 election, but withdrew before any primary contests were held. He thought about running again in the 1996 election, but did not run and helped Bob Dole's campaign.

Rumsfeld died of multiple myeloma at his ranch in Taos, New Mexico on June 29, 2021 at the age of 88.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Donald Rumsfeld
- **image**: Rumsfeld1.jpg
- **order**: 21st
- **title**: United States Secretary of Defense
- **term start**: January 20, 2001
- **term end**: December 18, 2006
- **predecessor**: William Cohen
- **successor**: Robert Gates
- **order2**: 13th
- **title2**: United States Secretary of Defense
- **term start2**: November 20, 1975
- **term end2**: January 20, 1977
- **predecessor2**: James R. Schlesinger
- **successor2**: Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense), Harold Brown
- **state4**: Illinois
- **district4**: Illinois' 13th congressional district, 13th Congressional
- **term start4**: January 3, 1963
- **term end4**: March 20, 1969
- **predecessor4**: Marguerite S. Church
- **successor4**: Phil Crane
- **title3**: White House Chief of Staff
- **term start3**: September 1974
- **term end3**: November 20, 1975
- **predecessor3**: Alexander Haig
- **order3**: 6th
- **successor3**: Dick Cheney
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Taos, New Mexico, Taos, New Mexico, U.S.
- **spouse**: Joyce H. Pierson
- **children**: 3
- **party**: United States Republican Party, Republican
- **alma mater**: Princeton University
Georgetown University Law Center
- **signature**: Donald Rumsfeld Signature.svg
- **president**: George W. Bush
- **president2**: Gerald Ford
- **president3**: Gerald Ford
- **deputy2**: Bill Clements
- **deputy**: Paul Wolfowitz (2001-2005)
Gordon R. England (2005-2007)
- **branch**: United States Navy
- **rank**: Captain (naval), Captain