juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jay Van Andel

**Jay Van Andel** (June 3, 1924 – December 7, 2004) was an American businessman and billionaire. He was best known as co-founder of the Amway Corporation, along with Richard DeVos. He was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

He also served as chairman of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce from 1979 to 1980 and later as a member of its Senior Council from 1980 to 1985.

He was also known for funding religious missions and conservative political causes, including the Republican Party.

Van Andel was a member of the Christian Reformed Church in North America. He died of Parkinson's disease in Ada Township, Michigan on December 7, 2004, at the age of 80.
Amway

**Amway** (short for "American Way"; ) is an American company specializing in the use of multi-level marketing to sell health, beauty, and home care products. Amway and its sister companies under Alticor reported sales of $9.5 billion in 2015.

It conducts business through a number of affiliated companies in more than a hundred countries and territories. Amway was ranked No. 29 among the largest privately held companies in the United States by _Forbes_ in 2015 based on revenue, and No. 1 among multi-level marketing companies by _Direct Selling News_ in 2016.

It was founded in 1959 by Jay Van Andel and Richard DeVos and is based in Ada Township, Michigan.
Troisdorf

**Troisdorf** is a town in the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis (district) in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

It is  south of Cologne and  northeast of Bonn.

## Twin cities

- Évry, Essonne, Île-de-France, France, since  1972
- Genk, Limburg, Belgium since 1990
- Heidenau, Saxony, Germany, since  1990
- Redcar and Cleveland, England, United Kingdom, since  1990
- Corfu, Greece, since 1996
- Nantong, Jiangsu, China, since 1997
- Mušutište, Serbia since 2001
- Özdere, Turkey since 2004

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **name**: Troisdorf
- **image photo**: Rathaus Troisdorf.jpg
- **image caption**: Town hall of Troisdorf
- **image coa**: DEU Troisdorf COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Troisdorf.svg
- **image plan**: Troisdorf in SU.svg
- **state**: Nordrhein-Westfalen
- **region**: Köln
- **district**: Rhein-Sieg Rural District, Rhein-Sieg-Kreis
- **elevation**: 55
- **area**: 62.17
- **population**: 74790
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 53840, 53842, 53844
- **area code**: 02241, 02203, 02246, 0228
- **licence**: SU
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 3 82 068
- **divisions**: 12
- **mayor**: Klaus-Werner Jablonski (since October 2009)
- **party**: CDU
Kirtland, Ohio

**Kirtland** is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States. The population was 6,937 at the 2020 census. Kirtland was the headquarters of the Latter Day Saints movement from 1831–1838.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kirtland, Ohio
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: "City of Faith & Beauty"
- **image skyline**: KirtlandTemple Ohio USA.jpg
- **imagesize**: 225px
- **image caption**: Kirtland Temple
- **image map**: OHMap-doton-Kirtland.png
- **mapsize**: 225px
- **map caption**: Location of Kirtland, Ohio
- **image map1**: Map of Lake County Ohio Highlighting Kirtland City.png
- **mapsize1**: 225px
- **map caption1**: Location of Kirtland in Lake County
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Ohio
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Ohio, County
- **subdivision name2**: Lake County, Ohio, Lake
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 43.52
- **area land km2**: 43.18
- **area water km2**: 0.34
- **area total sq mi**: 16.80
- **area land sq mi**: 16.67
- **area water sq mi**: 0.13
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 6937
- **population density km2**: 160.66
- **population density sq mi**: 416.11
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation ft**: 1037
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 44094
- **area code**: Area code 440, 440
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 39-40642
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1086419
Cock Lane

**Cock Lane** is a small street in Smithfield, London which runs east to Giltspur Street and west to Snow Hill.

It was known as _Cokkes Lane_ during the Middle Ages - when the lane was known for its legal brothels. However, it is most well known for the ghost that is said to be around the area since 1762. It is also known for being where Christian preacher and writer John Bunyan died of a fever in 1688.

The junction between this lane and Giltspur Street marks an area known as Pye Corner which serves as a marker for the furthest reach of the Great Fire of London. A monument, the Golden Boy of Pye Corner, marks this location.
Mass-to-charge ratio

The **mass-to-charge ratio** is a physical quantity (it is an amount that can be measured). The SI unit is kg/C, which is kilograms divided by the coulomb. Sometimes the **charge-to-mass** ratio is used instead.

In a vacuum, all particles with the same mass-to-charge ratio move in the same path, when in the same strength of electric and magnetic fields.

It is important for things like mass spectrometry.
Alain Berbérian

**Alain Berbérian** (; July 2, 1953 – August 22, 2017) was a French movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Beirut, Lebanon. He was known for directing _La Cité de la peur_, _Le Boulet_, and _The Corsican File_. He was also known writing the screenplay of _Paparazzi_.

Berbérian died on August 22, 2017 at the age of 63.
Jason Clarke

**Jason Clarke** (born 17 July 1969) is an Australian actor.

Clarke is known for playing Tommy Caffee on the television series _Brotherhood_. He has also appeared in many movies such as _Death Race_ (2008), _Public Enemies_ (2009), _Zero Dark Thirty_ (2013), _White House Down_ (2013), _Dawn of the Planet of the Apes_ (2014), _Terminator Genisys_ (2015), _Everest_ (2015), _Chappaquiddick_ (2017), and _Oppenheimer_ (2023).

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Jason Clarke by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Clarke in July 2013.
- **name**: Jason Clarke
- **birth place**: Winton, Queensland, Winton, Queensland, Australia
- **occupation**: Film and television actor
- **yearsactive**: 1995–present
Heinz Lieven

**Heinz Lieven** (born April 18, 1928) is a German actor. He was born in Hamburg, Germany. His career began in the 1950s. Lieven made his international movie debut in Aleksandar Petrovic's _Group Portrait with Lady_ and played a former SS Officer named Aloise Lange in the 2011 movie _This Must Be the Place_.
Rachna Khatau

**Rachna Khatau** (born 29 January 1981) is an British-American actress, singer and television host. She is known for her role as Sondra in the Freeform sitcom _Baby Daddy_ appearing in the series from 2013 through 2017. As a singer, Rachna was previously signed to a record deal with a subsidiary label of Universal Records. She has hosted live shows and worked as a red carpet correspondent for _Extra_.

Khatau was born in London, England. She was raised in Chicago, Illinois. She received a master's degree in journalism at the University of Southern California.
Amelyn Veloso

**Amelyn Jean Veloso** (April 25, 1974 – September 25, 2020) was a Filipina broadcast journalist of CNN Philippines. She was the anchor of morning show New Day, Morning Newsroom, and public service program Serbisyo All Access. She was born in Cebu City, Philippines.

She was a co-anchor of _Solar Daybreak_ from 7 January 2013 until her death in 2017. until 2014.

On September 25, 2020, Veloso died due to complications from liver cancer in Manila at the age of 46.
Michał Żebrowski

**Michał Jan Żebrowski** (born 17 June 1972) is a Polish actor and dramatist. He owns the theater 6 Piętro.

Żebrowski was born in Warsaw, Poland.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Michal Zebrowski.jpg
- **caption**: Żebrowski
- **birth place**: Warsaw, Poland
- **spouse**: Aleksandra Adamczyk (2009-present)
Lorain, Ohio

**Lorain**  is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States. The city is located in northeastern Ohio on Lake Erie. It is about 30 miles west of Cleveland. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 65,211, making it Ohio's ninth largest city, the third largest in Greater Cleveland, and the largest in Lorain County by population.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Lorain, Ohio
- **nickname**: International City, Steel City
- **settlement type**: City
- **map caption**: Interactive map of Lorain
- **pushpin map**: Ohio#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin label**: Lorain
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Ohio, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Ohio
- **subdivision name2**: Lorain County, Ohio, Lorain
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title2**: City council
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1807
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: [http://www.lorainpubliclibrary.org/research/local-research/local-history-resources/early-history-of-lorain February, 1817]
- **established title3**: Incorporated
- **established date3**: July 16, 1834 (Incorporated township, township)
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 24.08
- **area land sq mi**: 23.61
- **area water sq mi**: 0.47
- **area total km2**: 62.37
- **area land km2**: 61.14
- **area water km2**: 1.23
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 65211
- **population density km2**: 1066.57
- **population density sq mi**: 2762.36
- **population urban footnotes**:  (Lorain–Elyria, OH)
- **population urban**: 199,067 (US: List of United States urban areas, 194th)
- **population density urban sq mi**: 2,196.9
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation ft**: 617
- **postal code type**: ZIP code, Zip code(s)
- **postal code**: 44052–44055
- **area code**: Area code 440, 440
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 39-44856
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1086514
East Lancs EL2000

The **East Lancs EL2000** was a single-decker body of a bus, It had a step entrance. It was made from 1989 to 1996 by East Lancashire Coachbuilders.

From 1989 to 1996, it was improved, it had new front bumpers, new grille, new headlights and new turn signals.

## Chassis

The El2000 body was built on the following chassis:

- Volvo B10M chassis
- Volvo B6 chassis
- Dennis Falcon chassis
- Dennis Dart chassis
- Dennis Lance chassis
- Scania K93 chassis
- Scania N113 chassis

## Related pages

- List of buses

## Infobox (uk bus)

- **name**: East Lancs EL2000
- **image**: Dennis Dart East Lancs EL2000 1.jpg
- **caption**: Dennis Dart with East Lancs EL2000 bodywork with a double-curvature windscreen.
- **manufacturer**: East Lancashire Coachbuilders
- **capacity**: 28 to 40 seated
- **length**: 8.5m to 12.0m
- **width**: 2.5m
- **height**: 3.0m
- **floortype**: High-floor, Step entrance
- **doors**: 1
Jay Thomas

**Jon Thomas Terrell** (July 12, 1948 – August 24, 2017), professionally known as **Jay Thomas**, was an American actor, comedian, and radio talk show host.

His well known television work included his role as Remo DaVinci on _Mork & Mindy_ (1979–81), the recurring role of Eddie LeBec on _Cheers_ (1987–89), the lead character Jack Stein on _Love & War_ (1992–95), and a repeat guest role as Jerry Gold on _Murphy Brown_.

Thomas won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series in 1990 and 1991 for playing Gold.

In 1997, he starred in the television movie _Killing Mr. Griffin_, based on the novel of the same name. In movie, he co-starred in _Mr Holland's Opus_ and portrayed The Easter Bunny in _The Santa Clause 2_ and _The Santa Clause 3_. He was also an annual guest on _The Late Show with David Letterman_ during the Christmas season.

Beginning in 2005, he hosted _The Jay Thomas Show_ on SiriusXM Satellite Radio, and was on every Friday afternoon on Howard 101.

Thomas died in Santa Barbara, California of throat cancer on August 24, 2017 at the age of 69.

## Other websites

- "The Jay Thomas Show" website
- TV.com entry
- Ten Questions with Jay Thomas

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jay Thomas
- **image**: Jay Thomas at 44th Primetime Emmy Awards cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Thomas at the 1992 Emmy Awards
- **birth name**: Jon Thomas Terrell
- **birth place**: Kermit, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: Santa Barbara, California
- **occupation**: Actor, radio talk show host
- **children**: 3
- **years active**: 1980–2017
Jack Rosenthal (journalist)

**Jacob "Jack" Rosenthal** (30 June 1935 – 23 August 2017) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American journalist, editor and executive. He was born in Tel Aviv during Mandatory Palestine. He was best known for his work at _The New York Times_. In 1982, he won the Pulitzer Prize for distinguished editorial writing on national politics and social policy.

Rosenthal was the president of _The New York Times_ Company Foundation from 2000 to 2009. Thereafter, he was a senior fellow at The Atlantic Philanthropies from 2010 to 2014.

Rosenthal died on 23 August 2017 in Manhattan, New York of complications from pancreatic cancer at the age of 82.
Alan Boswell

**Alan Henry Boswell** (8 August 1943 – 24 August 2017) was an English football goalkeeper who made 479 league and cup appearances in a 12-year career in the English Football League. He was born in Walsall, England.

He began his career at Walsall in 1961, before moving on to Shrewsbury Town in 1963. He spent five years at the club, before moving to First Division club Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1968. The next year he moved to Bolton Wanderers, before signing with Port Vale in July 1972. He left Vale Park in May 1974, and later played for Oswestry Town.

Boswell died on 24 August 2017 at the age of 74.

## Career statistics

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|rowspan="2"|Division|colspan="2"|League|colspan="2"|FA Cup|colspan="2"|Other|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="3"|Walsall|1961–62|Second Division|25|0|4|0|0|0|29|0|||
|1962–63|Second Division|41|0|1|0|1|0|43|0|||||
|rowspan="7"|Shrewsbury Town|1963–64|Third Division|39|0|1|0|1|0|41|0|||
|1964–65|Third Division|43|0|6|0|2|0|51|0|||||
|1965–66|Third Division|42|0|8|0|3|0|53|0|||||
|1966–67|Third Division|46|0|3|0|3|0|52|0|||||
|1967–68|Third Division|46|0|5|0|1|0|52|0|||||
|1968–69|Third Division|6|0|0|0|1|0|7|0|||||
|Wolverhampton Wanderers|1968–69|First Division|10|0|0|0|0|0|10|0||||
|rowspan="3"|Bolton Wanderers|1969–70|Second Division|22|0|1|0|0|0|23|0|||
|1970–71|Second Division|29|0|1|0|3|0|33|0|||||
|rowspan="3"|Port Vale|1972–73|Third Division|44|0|3|0|2|0|49|0|||
|1973–74|Third Division|42|0|4|0|0|0|46|0|||||

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Alan Boswell
- **fullname**: Alan Henry Boswell
- **birth place**: Walsall, England
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthyears1**: 1958–1960
- **youthclubs1**: Walsall F.C., Walsall
- **years1**: 1960–1963
- **clubs1**: Walsall F.C., Walsall
- **caps1**: 66
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1963–1968
- **clubs2**: Shrewsbury Town F.C., Shrewsbury Town
- **caps2**: 222
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 1968–1969
- **clubs3**: Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C., Wolverhampton Wanderers
- **caps3**: 10
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 1969–1972
- **clubs4**: Bolton Wanderers F.C., Bolton Wanderers
- **caps4**: 51
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 1972–1974
- **clubs5**: Port Vale F.C., Port Vale
- **caps5**: 86
- **goals5**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 435
- **totalgoals**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1976–1977
- **managerclubs1**: Oswestry Town F.C., Oswestry Town
Alan Sayers

**Alan John Sayers** (6 December 1915 – 19 August 2017) was a New Zealand journalist, photographer and athlete. He was born Onehunga, New Zealand.

Sayers represented _The New Zealand Herald_ prior to World War II. When the war was over he was invited to join the _Auckland Star_ where he was the first reporter in New Zealand to receive a personal by-line. In 1953 he was an official journalist on the tour of Queen Elizabeth 11 to the Pacific Islands and New Zealand.

Sayers died in Auckland on 19 August 2017 at the age of 101.
Anne-Aymone Giscard d'Estaing

**Anne-Aymone Giscard d'Estaing**, born **Anne-Aymone Marie Josèphe Christiane Sauvage de Brantès** on 10 April 1933 in Paris), is the widow of 20th President of France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Anne-Aymone Giscard d'Estaing
- **image**: Anne-Aymone Giscard d'Estaing portrait.jpg
- **birth name**: Anne-Aymone Marie Josèphe Christiane Sauvage de Brantès
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **nationality**: France, French
- **children**: Valérie-Anne
Henri Giscard d'Estaing, Henri
Louis Giscard d'Estaing, Louis
Jacinte
- **education**: École du Louvre
- **term start**: 27 May 1974
- **term end**: 21 May 1981
- **president**: Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
- **office**: List of spouses or partners of the President of France, Spouse of the President of France
- **predecessor**: Claude Pompidou
- **successor**: Danielle Mitterand
- **term label**: In role
Bernadette Chirac

**Bernadette Thérèse Marie Chirac** (born **Bernadette Thérèse Marie Chodron de Courcel**; 18 May 1933) is a French politician and the widow of the former President Jacques Chirac.

## Post-First Lady roles

Since 2001, Bernadette has been a leading member of the "Pièces Jaunes" (Yellow Coins), a charity that aids children in French hospitals by collecting small change. On 3 September 2007, she became the president of the "Fondation Claude-Pompidou" (Claude Pompidou Foundation), following the death of its founder, Claude Pompidou.

She also helped her husband's being elected in 1995 and is herself an elected official in Corrèze, the couple's home _département_.

## Honours

- Knight of the Legion of Honour ()

## Bibliography

- 2001: _Bernadette Chirac_ by Bertrand Meyer-Stabley (Perrin Edition)
- 2006: _La Fille de Cœur_ by Anh Đào Traxel (Flammarion Editions) (a biography of the Chirac family by their foster daughter).
- 2001: _Conversation_ by Bernadette Chirac, with Patrick de Carolis, (Plon Editions)

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Bernadette Chirac 1 (2009).jpg
- **imagesize**: 225px
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **birthname**: Bernadette Thérèse Marie Chodron de Courcel
- **nationality**: French nationality law, French
- **relations**: Claude Chirac
Martin Rey-Chirac
Anh Dao Traxel
- **residence**: Quai Voltaire, Paris (personal)
Bity Castle, Sarran, Corrèze (personal)
- **profession**: politician
- **term start**: 17 May 1995
- **term end**: 16 May 2007
- **president**: Jacques Chirac
- **office**: List of spouses or partners of the President of France, Spouse of the President of France
- **predecessor**: Danielle Mitterand
- **successor**: Cécilia Attias, Cécilia Sarkozy
- **term label**: In role
Brigitte Macron

**Brigitte Marie-Claude Macron** (; _née_ **Trogneux**, , previously **Auzière**, ; born 13 April 1953) is a French former teacher who is the wife of Emmanuel Macron, the President of the French Republic.

## Politics

In 2015, to help support her husband in his political career, she ended her career as a teacher of literature at the elite lycée Saint-Louis de Gonzague in Paris.

Macron ran for the city council of Truchtersheim in Bas-Rhin in 1989, but lost. It would be the only time she would run for office.

### First Lady

In 2017, Brigitte Macron played an active role in her husband's presidential campaign; a top adviser was quoted as saying that "her presence is essential for him". After winning of the French presidency, Emmanuel Macron said that his wife "will have the role that she always had with me, she will not be hidden".

After being elected, President Macron wanted to create an official "first lady" title for his wife along with giving her a personal staff, office and a giving her part of the budget for her activities. This was not popular with the French people because some thought it was a sign of nepotism, something that Macron openly spoke out against. A petition against his proposal got more than 275,000 signatures, and the French government announced that Brigitte Macron would not hold the official title of "first lady" and would not be given an official budget.

In May 2025, Macron was filmed shoving her hand in her husband Emmanuel's face, which he described as "joking around".

## Personal life

In 1993, at the age of 40, she met the then 15-year-old Emmanuel Macron in La Providence High School where she was a teacher and he was a student and a classmate of her daughter.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Brigitte Macron
- **image**: Brigitte Macron - June 2025 (cropped).png
- **caption**: Macron in 2025
- **office**: List of spouses or partners of the president of France, Spouse of the President of France
- **status**: Current
- **term label**: Assumed role
- **president**: Emmanuel Macron
- **term start**: 14 May 2017
- **predecessor**: Valérie Trierweiler (2014)
- **birth name**: Brigitte Marie-Claude Trogneux
- **birth place**: Amiens, France
- **children**: 3, including Laurence Auzière-Jourdan
- **occupation**: Teacher
Mary Wilson, Baroness Wilson of Rievaulx

**Gladys Mary Wilson, Lady Wilson of Rievaulx** (12 January 1916 – 6 June 2018) was an English poet. She was the widow of Harold Wilson, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the mid- to late-1960s and mid-1970s. Her birth name was **Gladys Mary Baldwin**.

Private Eye regularly published satirical pages under the title _Mrs Wilson's diary_ in the 1960s when she was living in Downing Street with Harold.  It was in the style of the BBC radio serial _Mrs Dale's Diary._  In 1969  it was made into a movie.

In 1970 her volume of poetry, _Selected Poems_, was published and in 1976 Wilson was one of three judges of the Man Booker Prize, the other judges being Walter Allen and Francis King.

In 2013, aged 97, she attended the funeral of Margaret Thatcher.

In 2016, she became the first spouse of a British prime minister to turn 100.

Wilson died on 6 June 2018, of a stroke, in London at age 102. She is the longest-lived spouse of a British prime minister in history.

## Infobox (prime ministerial spouse)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: The Lady Wilson of Rievaulx
- **image**: Mary Wilson at the White House.tiff
- **caption**: Mary Wilson in 1970
- **office**: Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Spouse of the Prime Minister
of the United Kingdom
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: 4 March 1974
- **term end**: 5 April 1976
- **predecessor**: _Vacant_
- **successor**: Audrey Callaghan
- **term label2**: In role
- **term start2**: 16 October 1964
- **term end2**: 19 June 1970
- **predecessor2**: Elizabeth Douglas-Home, Lady Douglas-Home
- **successor2**: _Vacant_
- **birth name**: Gladys Mary Baldwin
- **birth place**: Diss, Norfolk, England
- **death place**: St Thomas' Hospital, London, England
- **resting place**: St Mary's Old Church, St Mary's, St Mary's Old Church
- **nationality**: British
- **party**: Labour Party (UK), Labour
- **children**: 2, including Robin Wilson (mathematician), Robin
- **education**: Milton Mount College
- **footnotes**: n.b.
Clarissa Eden

**Anne Clarissa Eden, Dowager Countess of Avon** (_née_ **Spencer-Churchill**; 28 June 1920 – 15 November 2021) was the widow of Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon (1897–1977), who was British Prime Minister from 1955 to 1957.

She married Eden in 1952, becoming Lady Eden in 1954, when he was made a Knight of the Garter, and then becoming Countess of Avon in 1961, on her husband's elevation to the peerage. She is also the niece of the prime minister Winston Churchill.

Her memoir, sub-titled _From Churchill to Eden_, was published in 2007, under the name of Clarissa Eden.

Eden turned 100 in June 2020. She died on 15 November 2021, aged 101.

## Other websites

- Clarissa Eden – a memoir: photographic images

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: The Dowager Countess of Avon
- **image**: Clarissa Eden.jpg
- **caption**: Clarissa Eden in 1960
- **office**: Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- **term start**: 6 April 1955
- **term end**: 10 January 1957
- **predecessor**: Clementine Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill, Clementine Churchill
- **successor**: Lady Dorothy Macmillan
- **birthname**: Clarissa Spencer-Churchill
- **birth place**: Cromwell Road, Kensington, England
- **parents**: John Strange Spencer-Churchill (1880–1947)
Lady Gwendoline Bertie (1885–1941)
- **relations**: Lord Randolph Churchill (grandfather)
Lady Randolph Churchill (grandmother)
Winston Churchill, Sir Winston Churchill (uncle)
Clementine Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill, The Baroness Spencer-Churchill (aunt)
Diana Churchill, Randolph Churchill, Sarah Churchill (actress), The Baroness Audley, Marigold Churchill and Mary Soames, Baroness Soames, The Baroness Soames (cousins)
John Spencer-Churchill (artist), John Spencer-Churchill (brother)
- **nationality**: British
Double Dutchess

***Double Dutchess*** is the second studio album, by American singer-songwriter Fergie. It was released on September 22, 2017. The album will be Fergie's first to be released on her own imprint Dutchess Music, a partnership with BMG Rights Management, and first since her debut album, _The Dutchess_ (2006).

## Singles

The album's fourth single, "You Already Know", featuring Nicki Minaj, was made available for purchase on August 25, 2017. It will be released onto Mainstream and Rhythmic radio on September 12, 2017.

## Track listing

- Sample credits
- "Hungry" contains parts from "Dawn of the Iconoclast", written by Lisa Gerrard and Brendan Perry and performed by Dead Can Dance.
- "Like It Ain't Nuttin" contains parts from "Top Billin'", written by Kirk Robinson and Roy Hammond and performed by Audio Two.
- "You Already Know" contains parts from "Think (About It)", written by James Brown and performed by Lyn Collins.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Double Dutchess
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Fergie
- **border**: yes
- **released**: September 22, 2017
- **recorded**: 2014–2016
- **length**: 56:00
- **prev title**: The Dutchess
- **prev year**: 2006
Neunkirchen, Saarland

**Neunkirchen** is a town-municipality in Saarland, Germany. It is the capital (_Kreisstadt_) of Neunkirchen District.

It had about 46,000 people in 2016.

Neunkirchen lies at an altitude of 252 m, on the Blies river, and about 20 km northeast of Saarbrücken.

It is the biggest settlement of Saarland after Saarbrücken.

## Well-known people

- Erich Honecker (1912-1994), East German leader
- Stefan Kuntz (b. 1962), footballer
Hurricane Harvey

**Hurricane Harvey** was a 2017 tropical cyclone, the 8th named storm, 3rd hurricane, and the 1st major hurricane of the hyperactive 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. Harvey was also the 3rd consecutive hurricane of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season—after Franklin and Gert. The storm went through the Caribbean and Mexico. It threatened southern Texas, particularly the Corpus Christi and Victoria areas. The storm struck the state as a Category 4 hurricane on August 25.

The storm was the first major hurricane to make landfall in the United States since Hurricane Wilma in twelve years earlier.

The storm first developed on August 17, 2017, from a tropical wave to the east of the Lesser Antilles. It faded into an open tropical wave on August 19. But on August 24, Harvey redeveloped into a tropical storm, and then strengthened into a hurricane. On August 25, Harvey rapidly strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of at least 130 mph, and it made landfall in Texas as a low-end Category 4 hurricane. On August 26, Harvey stalled and rapidly weakened into a tropical storm in just a few hours after making landfall, resulting of dumping heavy rainfall and caused major and catastrophic flooding in parts of southeastern Texas especially the Houston metropolitan area.

Harvey was the strongest hurricane to hit Texas since Hurricane Carla in 1961.

Damage from Harvey was set around $125 billion. This and Hurricane Katrina in 2005 are both tied as the costliest tropical cyclones on record in the Atlantic and the United States history. Harvey is the wettest tropical cyclone on record in the United States, especially in Texas with rainfall accumulations of over 60 inches.

The storm killed just over 100 people in Texas alone.

The name _Harvey_ was retired in April 2018 by the World Meteorological Organization and was replaced with _Harold_ for the 2023 Atlantic hurricane season.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Harvey
- **basin**: Atl
- **year**: 2017
- **type**: hurricane
- **image location**: Harvey 2017-08-25 2337Z.jpg
- **image name**: Hurricane Harvey near peak intensity prior to landfall in southern Texas on August 25
- **extratropical**: September 1
- **1-min winds**: 115
- **pressure**: 937
- **fatalities**: 68 direct, 39 indirect
- **damages**: 125000
- **damagespost**: List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes, Tied as costliest tropical cyclone on record
- **areas**: Windward Islands, Suriname, Guyana, Nicaragua, Honduras, Belize, Cayman Islands, Yucatán Peninsula, Southern United States, Southern and Eastern United States (especially Texas, Louisiana)
- **hurricane season**: 2017 Atlantic hurricane season
Year 2038 problem

The **Year 2038 problem** could affect computers that store time as the number of seconds since 1 January 1970 at 00:00:00 UTC, using a 32-bit signed integer.

The biggest number you can store this way is 2,147,483,647 seconds after 1 January 1970.  This means 19 January 2038 at 03:14:07 UTC.  The problem begins one second after this time.  The computer will add 1 to this 32-bit number, and the computer will set the value to _negative_ 2,147,483,648 seconds.  This means 13 December 1901 at 20:45:52 UTC.  Depending on how the computer has been programmed, the computer could behave incorrectly or even stop running.

A solution to this problem is to store the time in a 64-bit value, which will work for 292 billion years. Many computers already store the time in a 64-bit number.  Computers that store time in a 32-bit number will need to be reprogrammed before 2038.
Charlie Robertson (mayor)

**Charles H. Robertson** (April 12, 1934 – August 24, 2017) was an American Democratic politician. He was mayor of York, Pennsylvania from 1994 to January 2002. In May 2001, Robertson was charged for a murder during the York race riots in July 1969, but was acquitted in October 2002.

Robertson died of cancer on August 24, 2017 in York, Pennsylvania at the age of 83.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Charlie Robertson
- **order**: 22nd
- **office**: Mayor of York, Pennsylvania
- **predecessor**: William J. Althaus
- **successor**: John S. Brenner
- **term start**: 1994
- **term end**: January 7, 2002
- **birth place**: York, Pennsylvania
- **death place**: York, Pennsylvania
- **death cause**: Cancer
- **children**: 1 son adopted
- **party**: Democratic party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: William Penn Senior High School
- **branch**: United States Army
- **serviceyears**: two, in the 1950s
- **known for**: role in the 1969 York Race Riot
Kai Linnilä

**Kai Linnilä** (23 July 1942 – 24 August 2017) was a Finnish editor and writer. He was born in Oulu, Finland. He is the husband of the novelist Kaari Utrio. He takes responsibility for the importation and marketing of cigars and pipes in the Oy Amanita Ltd, the Utrios' family-owned company.

His best known works are _Isoäidin kermakakku_ (_The Grandmother's Cream Cake_), _Oman äidin lihapullat_ (_The Own Mother's Meat Balls_), _Punainen tupa ja erämaa. Rikkaan arjen allakka_ (_The Red Cottage and the Wilds. The Almanac of Rich Everyday Life_) (with Seppo Saraspää), _Wanhan ajan joulu_ (_Christmas of the Old Time_), Olaus Magnus: _Suomalaiset pohjoisten kansojen historiassa_ (_Finnish People in the History of Nordic Folks_) (edited) and _Linnut_ (_The Birds_).

## Other websites

- Oy Amania Ltd
Engelbert Jarek

**Engelbert Jarek** (7 June 1935 – 23 August 2017) was a Polish footballer. He was born in Rokittnitz, Hindenburg O.S., German Empire . Jarek competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was known for managing and playing for Odra Opole.
Eduardo Angeloz

**Eduardo César Angeloz** (October 18, 1931 – August 23, 2017) was an Argentine politician. He was a presidential candidate and Governor of Córdoba from December 11, 1983 to December 11, 1995. He was born in Río Tercero, Córdoba.

Angeloz died on August 23, 2017 in Cordoba, Argentina from complications of a fall at the age of 85.
Sergio Zaniboni

**Sergio Zaniboni** (4 August 1937 – 18 August 2017) was an Italian comics artist and writer. He was especially known as the artist of numerous stories for _Diabolik_. He was born in Turin, Italy. His son Paolo Zaniboni is also a comic book artist.

From 1972 he also he collaborates with _Il Giornalino_, for which he produced _Il Campione_ (a series set in the boxing world, written by Alberto Ongaro) and the police series _Tenente Marlo_, with stories by Claudio Nizzi.

## Other websites

- Page at lambiek.com
- Short biography at fumetti.org
Arnold Koller

**Arnold Koller** (born 29 August 1933) is a Swiss politician. He was a member of the Swiss Federal Council (1986-1999).

He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 10 December 1986. He was member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland from the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden. He handed over office on 30 April 1999.

Koller was Chairman of the Board of the Forum of Federations from 2006 to 2010.

During his time in office he held the following departments:

- Federal Military Department (1987–1988)
- Federal Department of Justice and Police (1989)
- Federal Military Department (1989)
- Federal Department of Justice and Police (1990–1999)

He was President of the Confederation twice in 1990 and 1997.
Fürstenau, Switzerland

**Fürstenau** () is a municipality of the district of Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Fürstenau
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Fürstenau COA.svg
- **municipality name**: Fürstenau
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Fürstenau.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Graubünden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GR
- **district**: Hinterrhein (district), Hinterrhein
- **postal code**: 7414
- **municipality code**: 3633
- **area**: 1.32
- **elevation**: 650
- **population**: 345
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **website**: www.fuerstenau.ch
- **places**: Fürstenaubruck
- **neighboring municipalities**: Almens, Cazis, Pratval, Scharans, Sils im Domleschg, Thusis
Grono, Switzerland

**Grono** is a municipality of the district Moesa in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Leggia and Verdabbio merged into the municipality of Grono.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Grono
- **municipality name**: Grono
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Grono wappen.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Grono.png
- **languages**: Italian
- **canton**: Graubünden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GR
- **district**: Moesa (district), Moesa
- **postal code**: 6537
- **municipality code**: 3832
- **area**: 14.83
- **elevation**: 336
- **population**: 1321
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **website**: grono.moesano.ch
- **mayor**: Carlo Bernasconi
- **places**: Grono, Leggia, Verdabbio
- **neighboring municipalities**: Cama, Switzerland, Cama, Castaneda, Switzerland, Castaneda, Dosso del Liro (IT-CO), Leggia, Roveredo, Switzerland, Roveredo, Santa Maria in Calanca, Verdabbio
Guémar

**Guémar** is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Independence, Ohio

**Independence** is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 7,584 at the 2020 Census.
Lawrence County, Ohio

**Lawrence County** is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. In 2020, 58,240 people lived there. The county seat is Ironton.
Balmaseda

**Balmaseda** is a municipality in the province of Biscay in the autonomous community of the Basque Country in Spain.
Fairlawn, Ohio

**Fairlawn** is a city in Summit County, Ohio, United States, and a suburb of Akron. The population was 7,710 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Fairlawn, Ohio
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Kaiser Permanente - Fairlawn, Ohio Medical Offices - panoramio.jpg
- **image caption**: Medical offices in Fairlawn
- **image map**: Summit County Ohio incorporated and unincorporated areas Fairlawn highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Summit County, Ohio, Summit County and the state of Ohio.
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin label**: Fairlawn
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Fairlawn in the United States
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Ohio
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Ohio, County
- **subdivision name2**: Summit County, Ohio, Summit
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 11.85
- **area land km2**: 11.82
- **area water km2**: 0.03
- **area total sq mi**: 4.58
- **area land sq mi**: 4.57
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 7710
- **population density km2**: 652.15
- **population density sq mi**: 1688.94
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation ft**: 1030
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 44313, 44333, 44334, 44398
- **area code**: Area code 330, 330, Area code 234, 234
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 39-26166
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2394734
- **website**: https://www.fairlawn.us/
Lightning Rod (roller coaster)

**Lightning Rod** is a wooden roller coaster located at Dollywood near Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. It is manufactured by Rocky Mountain Construction.

Lightning Rod is the world's first and only launched wooden roller coaster.

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: Lightning Rod
- **image**: File:LightningRod-Entrance.jpg
- **imagedimensions**: 300px
- **caption**: Lightning Rod main entrance
- **location**: Dollywood
- **section**: Jukebox Junction
- **status**: Operating
- **opened**: June 13, 2016
- **cost**: $22 million
- **type**: Wood
- **type2**: Launched
- **manufacturer**: Rocky Mountain Construction
- **designer**: Alan Schilke
- **model**: Topper Track - Custom
- **track**: Terrain
- **lift**: Linear motor, Linear Synchronous Motor
- **drop ft**: 165
- **length ft**: 3800
- **speed mph**: 73
- **inversions**: 0
- **duration**: 3:12
- **angle**: 73
- **gforce**: 3.5
- **restriction in**: 48
- **trains**: 2
- **carspertrain**: 6
- **rowspercar**: 2
- **ridersperrow**: 2
- **rcdb number**: 13369
SheiKra

**SheiKra** is a roller coaster located at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay in Tampa, Florida. It is a Dive Coaster which means riders experience a moment of free fall.

SheiKra was the first Dive Coaster. It is floorless and features a 90 degree drop.

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: SheiKra
- **logodimensions**: 150px
- **image**: SheiKra (Busch Gardens Africa) 05.JPG
- **caption**: SheiKra's logo (top), Part of Sheikra's layout (bottom)
- **location**: Busch Gardens Tampa Bay
- **section**: Stanleyville
- **type**: Steel
- **type2**: Dive Coaster
- **status**: Open
- **opened**: May 21, 2005
- **manufacturer**: Bolliger & Mabillard
- **model**: Dive Coaster - SheiKra
- **lift**: Chain lift hill
- **track**: Twister roller coaster, Twister
- **height ft**: 200
- **length ft**: 3188
- **speed mph**: 70
- **inversions**: 1
- **duration**: 2:20
- **angle**: 90
- **cost**: US$13,500,000
($ in  dollars)
- **gforce**: 4
- **trains**: 5
- **carspertrain**: 3
- **rowspercar**: 1
- **ridersperrow**: 8
- **virtual queue name**: Quick Queue
- **virtual queue image**: Quick Queue availability logo (Busch Gardens).svg
- **virtual queue status**: available
- **restriction in**: 54
- **rcdb number**: 2662
Lin Jiamei

**Lin Jiamei** (; born 1924) is a Chinese civil servant. She is the widow of former Chinese president Li Xiannian. She was the First Lady of the People's Republic of China from 1983 to 1988.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lin Jiamei
- **native name lang**: zh-hans
- **image**: Lin Jiamei, 1985 (cropped).jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **caption**: Lin Jiamei, 1985
- **nationality**: Chinese
- **birth place**: Danyang, Jiangsu
- **education**: Tong De Medical College, Shanghai
- **order**: Spouse of the President of the People's Republic of China, Spouse of the President of China
- **term**: 18 June 1983 – 8 April 1988
- **predecessor**: Wang Guangmei
- **successor**: Wang Yeping
- **spouse**: Li Xiannian
- **children**: 3, including Li Xiaolin (b. 1953), Li Xiaolin
Wang Yeping

**Wang Yeping** (, born February 12, 1928), is the widow of Jiang Zemin, former General Secretary of the Communist Party of China _de facto_ paramount leader and President of the People's Republic of China (_de jure_ head of state), and is a native of Yangzhou, Jiangsu.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**:
- **caption**: Wang Yeping in Crawford, Texas, Crawford  in 2002
- **birth place**: Yangzhou, Jiangsu
- **office**: Spouse of the Paramount leader of China
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: June 1989
- **term end**: November 2002
- **predecessor**: Zhuo Lin
- **successor**: Liu Yongqing
- **office1**: Spouse of the President of the People's Republic of China
- **term label1**: In role
- **term start1**: 27 March 1993
- **term end1**: 15 March 2003
- **predecessor1**: Vacant, (see Lin Jiamei wife of Li Xiannian)
- **successor1**: Liu Yongqing
- **spouse**: Jiang Zemin
- **children**: Jiang Mianheng
Jiang Miankang
- **alma mater**: Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai Foreign Language Institute
Barneveld, Wisconsin

**Barneveld** is a village in Iowa County, Wisconsin. There is a public library called Barneveld Public Library.

## 1984 F5 tornado

On June 8, 1984, the city was hit by a deadly F5 tornado. After tornadoes broke out across the Midwest, including tornadoes that killed four people in Missouri and Iowa, a tornado watch was issued at 11:00 p.m. CT, but most residents had went to sleep. A line of thunderstorms entered Wisconsin from Iowa/Illinois border shortly after midnight. A sharp bolt of lightning followed by a loud clap of thunder cut power to the city, awakening residents. Nine people died, and two hundred were injured.
Jeannie Rousseau

**Jeannie Rousseau (Viscomtesse de Clarens)** (April 1, 1919 – August 23, 2017)  was an Allied intelligence agent in occupied France during World War II. She was a member of Georges Lamarque's "Druids" network. Rousseau was born in Saint-Brieuc, France.

Codenamed AMNIARIX, she evaded Gestapo agents while gathering crucial information on the Germans' emerging rocket weapons programs from behind enemy lines.  Her intelligence reports, forwarded to London, led directly to the British raid on Peenemünde and to delays and disruptions in the V-1 and V-2 programs, saving many thousands of lives in the West.

Rousseau was captured twice and spent time in three concentration camps.

Rousseau died on 23 August 2017 in Montaigu, France, aged 98.
Sardinians

**Sardinians** (Sardinian: _Sardos_ or _Sardus_; ) are the people native to the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy.

Sardinians are noted for the distinct Nuragic civilization in ancient times. They are also known for the indigenous language many still speak, Sardinian. Sardinian is quite separate from Italian and said to be one of the languages, if not the language, keeping most archaic features of ancient Latin. Sardinians have long been active to fight for the official recognition of autonomy in Italy and the protection of their cultural and environmental heritage.

## Related pages

- Sardinia
Namborn

**Namborn** is a municipality in the district of Sankt Wendel in the state of Saarland, Germany.

Namborn is  north of Sankt Wendel. It is  southwest of Idar-Oberstein.

## Infobox (german location)

- **wappen**: DEU Namborn COA.svg
- **lageplan**: Namborn in WND.svg
- **bundesland**: Saarland
- **landkreis**: Sankt Wendel
- **höhe**: 288-509
- **fläche**: 26.00
- **einwohner**: 7397
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **plz**: 66640
- **vorwahl**: 06857 (Namborn: 06854, Baltersweiler: 06851)
- **kfz**: WND
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 10 0 46 113
- **gliederung**: 8
- **bürgermeister**: Theo Staub
- **partei**: SPD
Sardinian language

**Sardinian** (_Sardu_, _Limba_ or _Lingua sarda_) is a Romance language. It is native to the island of Sardinia, a Mediterranean island and autonomous region of Italy. About 1.2 million people speak Sardinian. The main dialects are Campidanese (Campidanian), Gallurese (Gallurian), Logudorese (Logudorian), and Sassarese (Sassarian). The standard version of the language is called Limba Sarda Comuna.

Sardinian is often seen as the closest language to Latin. It fought for decades to get basic recognition by the Italian government.

## Other websites

- Sardinian language -Citizendium

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Sardinian
- **states**: Italy
- **region**: Sardinia
- **speakers**: ~1 million
- **date**: 1993-2007
- **ethnicity**: Sardinians
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Italic languages, Italic
- **fam3**: Romance languages, Romance
- **nation**: Sardinia
- **agency**: _Limba Sarda Comuna_
- **iso1**: sc
- **iso2**: srd
- **iso3**: srd
- **lingua**: 51-AAA-s +(Corso-Sardinian)
51-AAA-pd & -pe
- **map**: Sardinia Language Map.png
- **mapcaption**: Languages and dialects of Sardinia. Sardinian is spoken in all the orange-coloured areas.
Eure (river)

The **Eure** is a river in northwestern France. It is a left tributary of the Seine. The Eure and Eure-et-Loir departments are named after this river.

Its main tributaries are the Avre and the Iton.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Eure
- **image**: L'Eure.jpg
- **image caption**: The Eure
- **source1 location**: Normandy
- **mouth**: Seine
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: France
Horst Sindermann

**Horst Sindermann** (September 5, 1915 in Dresden - April 20, 1990 in East Berlin) was a German communist politician.

Sindermann was a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) till 1946, and afterwards a member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED).

During the war he was imprisoned in several concentration camps.

He was Prime Minister of East Germany from 1973 to 1976, and President of the Volkskammer from 1976 to 1989.

## References

- www.stiftung-aufarbeitung.de
Abdul Kalam Vision India Party

**Abdul Kalam Vision India Party** is an Indian political party that was founded on 28 February 2016. The party was founded in the name of former president A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, by V. Ponraj, who was the scientific adviser to Bharat Ratna Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. However, the family of A.P.J. Abdul Kalam expressed their upset over the party using the Kalam's name and portrait as their symbols.

Preparation to the declaration of this political party, a two-day convention was held by United Vision India 2020, inviting V. Ponraj to lead a political party. The convention was conducted on 26 February 2016 without the presence of V. Ponraj and in the presence of V. Ponraj on 27 February 2016.This convention was conducted before the house of V. Ponraj at Thonugal village. The party has been started to achieve the vision 2020 of People's President - Bharat Ratna Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam.