juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Gold Coast (Florida)

The **Gold Coast** is a region on the southeastern coast of the U.S. state of Florida. It is between Tequesta and Florida City. It includes the cities of Miami and Fort Lauderdale, as well as West Palm Beach, Boca Raton, and Hollywood.
Erysipeloid

**Erysipeloid** is a mild disease caused by the bacterium Erysipelothrix. The only symptom is mild cellulitis. The disease is very rare and is seen in people who handle raw fish or meat.
Dipsacaceae

**Dipsacaceae**, or **teasel family**, was a family in the order Dipsacales. It contained 350 species of perennial or biennial herbs and shrubs. (_Perennial_ means that a plant lives for two or more years. _Biennial_ means that a plant takes two years to grow fully.) The family contained eleven (11) genera. It is in the family Caprifoliaceae now.

These plants live in most temperate climates. They are found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The family contains these genera:
- _Acanthocalyx_
- _Dipsacus_ (teasel)
- _Knautia_
- _Scabiosa_
- _Succisa_ (devil's bit)
- _Succisella_
- _Morina_ -- also placed in its own family, Morinaceae.
- _Cephalaria_
- _Pterocephalus_
- _Callistemma_
- _Pycnocomon_
- _Triplostegia_

## Outside pages

- Dipsacaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF
Deinococcus radiodurans

***Deinococcus radiodurans*** is a gram-positive, nonmotile, red-pigmented bacterium. It was originally identified as a contaminant of irradiated canned meat in 1956.

_Deinococcus radiodurans_ has the systems for DNA repair, DNA damage export and genetic redundancy. It can recover from desiccation (loss of water) and starvation. It has a very high tolerance to radiation forms like gamma radiation.  It is so far known as the most radioactive resistant organism. Thioredoxin reductase is an enzyme found in the cells' response to double-strand DNA breaks.

_D. radiodurans has_ a gene sequence that encodes for a protein that is very similar to the RecD enzyme found in _E. coli_. This significant finding suggests that this RecD-like protein in _D. radiodurans_ is an important part of the repair system it uses.

It may be possible to make other bacteria as radiation resistant as _D. radiodurans_ by changing their genetics. One research team in China is trying to insert an expressive recombinant Mn-SOD protein from _D. radiodurans_ into _E.coli_ BL21. The real challenge here is making the protein self-sustaining in the new species. The team has "provided the foundations for further studies and applications of the recombinant Mn-SOD".

## Genus

The genus _Deinococcus_ has 47 species, which share these characteristics. _D. radiodurans_ is the one discovered first, and on which most experiments have been done. All members of the genus are radio-resistant.
Karl Zankl

**Karl Zankl** (died 3 October 1945) was an Austrian football player and coach.

He played for Cricketer, Polizei SV and Wiener Sport-Club (52 matches- 4 goals)as midfielder. With Sport-Club he became Austrian champion in 1922 and cup winners in 1923. During the Second World War he was engaged in a resistance group against the Nazis. At the end of the war he tried to re-establish the Austrian Football Federation (ÖFB). He also formed a national football team and became the first coach of the post war era. He was the first president of the Vienna Football Association after the World War.
Menindee, New South Wales

**Menindee** is a small town on the banks of the Darling River in New South Wales, Australia. It is 1,271 km west of the state capital, Sydney. There are about 980 people who live in Menindee. The explorer Major Thomas Mitchell was the first Europen to visit the area in 1835. He named the lakes in the area Laidley Ponds. A hotel was built by Tom Paine in 1853, which became an important supply base for the Burke and Wills expedition in 1860.
Adelaide River

The **Adelaide River** is in the Northern Territory of Australia. It starts in the Lichfield National Park and flows into the sea at Clarence Strait, about 50 km northeast of Darwin. The river is about 253 km in length. It is well known for its Saltwater Crocodiles.

Europeans first explored the river in 1839 when a British sailor, Ben Helpmann, explored it by boat.
Roper River

The **Roper River** is in the Northern Territory of Australia. It flows east for 400 km from near Mataranka before it flows into the Gulf of Carpentaria.

The Roper was first explored by Europens in 1845, when the explorer Ludwig Leichardt crossed on his way west from Moreton Bay to Port Essington. He name it after a member of his group, John Roper. It is can be used by boats as far as the Roper Bar, and in the 1880's there were several paddlesteamers working on the river.
Mary River (Northern Territory)

The **Mary River** flows in the Northern Territory of Australia and is a site of the Mary River National Park.  Its lower reaches form part of the Adelaide and Mary River Floodplains. It was named in 1862 by the explorer John McDouall Stuart. He named it after the daughter of his employer, James Chambers.

## Other websites

- Northern Territory Government entry on the Mary River National Park
- pdf maps of river and environs
Susan Raab

**Susan Raab** (1969—November 27, 2006) was an American theatre actress and producer.

## Career

For seven years, Susan Raab worked as an associate producer for L.A. Theatre Works nationally syndicated radio theater series "The Play's the Thing", which airs weekly in the Bay Area on KPFA.

## Personal life

She was married to Oscar-winning director Eric Simonson since 2004 until her death in 2006. They had a one child.

## Death

Raab died after her 8-month battle with breast cancer at the age 37 in Marin County. She was buried in St. Anselm Church in Ross.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Susan Raab
- **birth date**: 1969
- **birth place**: U.S.
- **death date**: November 27, 2006 (aged 37)
- **death place**: Marin County, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, producer
- **yearsactive**: 1999–2006
- **spouse**: Eric Simonson
<small>(m.2004-2006; 1 child)</small>
- **children**: One child
Jamuna River

The **Jamuna River** (Bangla: যমুনা _Jomuna_) is one of the three major rivers of Bangladesh. The river flows from India to Bangladesh and is a major channel of the Brahmaputra River. The Jamuna flows in the _southward direction_ and meets the Padma River (_Pôdda_) and Meghna River near Goalundo Ghat and Chandpur respectively. These waters then together flow into the Bay of Bengal.

The Jamuna is known to be a very wide river. The breadth of the river, from bank to bank, is about 2 miles in the dry season while its about 5 miles during the rainy season. The River also acts as an important resource for transportation.
Rockbeare

**Rockbeare** is a village and civil parish in East Devon, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 880 people living in Rockbeare.
High Easter

**High Easter** is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 657 people living in High Easter.
Cullompton

**Cullompton** is a town and civil parish in Mid Devon, Devon, England. In 2010 there were 8,639 people living in Cullompton. It is also near Cullompton Services, on the M5 motorway.

## How the town got its name and spelling

There are two ideas about how the town got its name. The first idea is that its name means farm near the River Culm and that the name _Culm_ means twisted, because the river has lots of bends  The second idea is that it is named after Saint Columba of Tir-de-Glas who some people think came to Cullompton in 549 AD.

In the past there were 40 different ways to spell Cullompton. In the nineteenth century people used 3 different spellings. The Royal Mail who delivered letters, spelt it _Cullompton_. The first map made by the Ordnance Survey called it _Cullumpton_. The railway station sign said _Collumpton_. By 1889 almost everyone agreed to spell it Cullompton.

People who live in the town and like it call it _Cully_.

## History

A Roman fort was built on St Andrew's Hill above the town. This was later replaced by a second fort. Pottery which was made between 50 and 70 AD was found in the field where the forts were. Some more pottery was found in the middle of Cullompton. This was not as old as the pottery from the fort and was made in the second and third centuries.

The first written record of Cullompton is in the will of the English King Alfred the Great.

## Other websites

- http://www.cullompton.org/
Antlers

**Antlers** are usually large, branching structures, made of bone, which grow on the heads of deer and similar animals.

With deer, only males have antlers. Only reindeer (caribou) have antlers on the females, and these are normally smaller than those of the males.

## Growth of antlers

While an antler is growing, it is covered with highly vascular skin called velvet, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the growing bone.

Antlers are one of the most striking cases of male secondary sex characteristics in the animal kingdom. They grow faster than any other mammal bones.  Growth occurs at the tip, and is initially cartilage, which is mineralized to become bone. Once the antler has achieved its full size, the velvet is lost and the antler's bone dies. This dead bone structure is the mature antler. The antlers fall off at some point.

To re-grow antlers each year uses up nutrition, so they are honest signals of food gathering capability.

## Sexual selection

The principle means of evolution of antlers is sexual selection, which operates by two mechanisms: Male–male competition (behaviorally, physiologically) and female mate choice.

Male–male competition can take place in two forms. First, they can compete when males use their antlers as weapons to compete for mates; second, they can compete where males present their antlers to display their strength and fertility. Males with the largest antlers are more likely to obtain mates and achieve fertilization success.

## Related pages

- Horn (anatomy), a structure similar to antlers, but made of keratin instead of bone
Citroën

**Citroën** is automobile manufacturer based in France. André-Gustave Citroën started the company in 1919 and it became the first mass-production automobile company outside the USA. Citroën was the first to create a sales and services network that goes with the automobile. 1919

## Innovations

Citroën were innovators in automobile design. Their _Traction Avant_ (pictured) had the first mass production of three revolutionary features that are still in use today. They are: a unitary body with no separate frame, four-wheel independent suspension, and front-wheel drive.

Later on, in the 1950s, Citroën developed a remarkable type of suspension. A high-pressure hydraulic system was used in over 9 million Citroën cars. They included the DS, SM, GS, CX, BX, XM, Xantia, C5, and C6. Self-levelling is the principal benefit – the car kept a constant ride height above the road. It adjusted to the passenger and cargo load, and gave a  very soft suspension. This type of suspension smooths out road irregularities without disturbing the occupants. It is often compared to riding on a 'magic carpet' for this reason.

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: Automobiles CITROËN
- **company logo**: Citroen 2022.svg
- **company type**: Subsidiary of Stellantis
- **company slogan**: Nothing Moves Us Like Citroën
- **location**: Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis, Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis, France
- **foundation**: 1919
- **founder**: André Citroën
- **key people**: Carlos Tavares, CEO Stellantis

Thierry Koskas, CEO Citroën
- **num employees**: 13,900
- **industry**: Automotive
- **products**: Automobiles
- **production**: 1,302,900 (_2009_)
- **homepage**: [http://www.citroen.com/ Citroën.com]
- **parent**: Stellantis
Stove

A **stove** is an enclosed heated space. The word is usually taken to mean an enclosed space in which fuel is burned to provide heating, either to heat the space in which the stove is found or to heat the stove itself, and anything placed on it. This article is principally concerned with enclosed stoves burning solid fuels for room heating.

## Kitchen stove

A kitchen stove is a kitchen appliance designed for cooking food. Kitchen stoves rely on the application of direct heat for the cooking process and may also contain an oven underneath it which is used for baking.
Yarcombe

**Yarcombe** is a village and civil parish in East Devon, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 530 people living in Yarcombe.
Kitchen stove

A **kitchen stove**, **cooking stove**, **cookstove**, or **cooker** is a kitchen appliance designed for cooking food.

Stoves use direct heat for cooking and have an oven for baking. The design uses wood, coke or anthracite for fuel. The basic idea is that the stove completely encloses the fire inside its iron body. There are still many traditional stoves made, which burn wood or solid fuel. Many also have back boilers for domestic heating.

Gas stoves are different, because they have open flames on top of the stove, whereas the original stoves have hidden flames. Modern gas stoves were developed already in the 1820s, but these were isolated experiments. At the Great Exhibition in London in 1851, a gas stove was shown, but only in the 1880s did this technology start to become a commercial success. The main factor in this delay was the slow growth of the gas pipe network. Gas and electric stoves have largely replaced solid fuel stoves.

## Related pages

- AGA cooker
North Molton

**North Molton** is a village and civil parish in North Devon, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 1,047 people living in North Molton.
Weare Giffard

**Weare Giffard** is a village and civil parish in Torridge, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 354 people living in Weare Giffard.
Huish

**Huish** is a village and civil parish in Torridge, Devon, England. Huish has a church called Church of St James the Less.
Payhembury

**Payhembury** is a village and civil parish in East Devon, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 603 people living in Payhembury.
Greystoke, Cumbria

**Greystoke** is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 733 people living in Greystoke.
Little Waltham

**Little Waltham** is a village and civil parish in Chelmsford district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1,278 people living in Little Waltham.
Linton

**Linton** is a village and civil parish in South Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire, England. In 2001 there were 4,310 people living in Linton.
Enterobacteriaceae

**Enterobacteriaceae** is a large family of bacteria commonly affecting the stomach. The name is derived from the prefix "entero-", meaning  intestine; "bacteria", meaning bacteria; and "ceae", meaning family or group. It includes many of the more familiar pathogens, such as _Salmonella_ and _Escherichia coli_.

On February 19, 2015, 179 people in Los Angeles, California may have been exposed to the bacteria. At least two people have been reported dead. The bacteria has been called a "superbug" by news reporters. It was confirmed that the outbreak was caused by the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles.

## Related pages

- Enterovirus infection
- Enterococcus genus
- Enterovirus 71 (Hand Foot and Mouth Disease)

## References

sk:Enterobacteriales
Gamlingay

**Gamlingay** is a village and civil parish in South Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire, England. In 2001 there were 3,535 people living in Gamlingay.
Welwyn

**Welwyn** is a village and civil parish in Welwyn Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England. In 2001 there were 8000 people living in Welwyn.
Knebworth

**Knebworth** is a village and civil parish in North Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, England. In 2001 there were 4,433 people living in Knebworth.
Bray, Berkshire

**Bray** is a village and civil parish in Windsor and Maidenhead, Berkshire, England. In 2001 there were 8,425 people living in Bray.
Ethan Hawke

**Ethan Green Hawke** (born November 6, 1970 in Austin, Texas) is an American actor, writer and director. Hawke made his big screen debut in the 1985 movie _Explorers_. In 2021, he played The Grabber in _The Black Phone_.

Hawke was formally married to actress Uma Thurman from 1998 to 2005. He married Ryan Shawhughes in 2008. He is the father of actress Maya Hawke.

## Movies

- _Explorers_ as Ben Crandall (1985)
- _Lion's Den_ as Unnamed (1988)
- _Dead Poets Society_ as Todd Anderson (1989)
- _Dad_ as Billy Tremont (1989)
- _White Fang_ as Jack Conroy (1991)
- _Mystery Date_ as Tom McHugh (1991)
- _Waterland_ as Mathew Price (1992)
- _A Midnight Clear_ as Albert (1992)
- _Rich in Love_ as Sergeant Roger Murtaugh (1993)
- _Alive_ as Nando Parrado (1993)
- _Reality Bites_ as Troy Dyer (1994)
- _Quiz Show_ as Don Quixote Student (1994) (uncredited)
- _Floundering_ as Jimmy (1994)
- _Before Sunrise_ as Jesse Wallace (1995)
- _Search and Destroy_ as Roger (1995)
- _Gattaca_ as Vincent Anton Freeman/Jerome Morrow (1997)
- _Great Expectations_ as Finnegan 'Finn' Bell (1998)
- _The Newton Boys_ as Jess Newton (1998)
- _The Velocity of Gary_ as Nat (1999)
- _Joe the King_ as Len Coles (1999)
- _Snow Falling on Cedars_ as Ishmael Chambers (1999)
- _Hamlet_ as Hamlet (2000)
- _Waking Life_ as Jesse Wallace (2001)
- _Tape_ as Vince (2001)
- _Training Day_ as Jake Hoyt (2001)
- _Chelsea Walls_ as Sam (voice) (2002) (uncredited)
- _The Jimmy Show_ as Ray (2002)
- _Alias_ as CIA Agent James L. Lennox (2003)
- _Taking Lives_ as James Costa/Martin Asher (2004)
- _Before Sunset_ as Jesse Wallace (2004)
- _Assault on Precinct 13_ as Sergeant Jake Roenick (2005)
- _Lord of War_ as Agent Jack Valentine (2005)
- _One Last Thing..._ as Earl Jameison (2006)
- _The Hottest State_ as Vince (2006)
- _Fast Food Nation_ as Pete (2006)
- _Before the Devil Knows You're Dead_ as Hank Hanson (2007)
- _What Doesn't Kill You_ as Paulie McDougan (2008)
- _New York, I Love You_ as Writer (2009)
- _Staten Island_ as Sully Halverson (2009)
- _Daybreakers_ as Edward Dalton (2010)
- _Brooklyn's Finest_ as Detective Salvatore "Sal" Procida (2010)
- _Tonight at Noon_ as Lefty (2010)
- _Boyhood_ as Dad (2013)
- _The Black Phone_ as The Grabber (2021)

## Other websites

- Ethan Hawke at the Internet Movie Database

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ethan Hawke
- **image**: Ethan Hawke - 2009 Venice Film Festival.jpg
- **caption**: Ethan Hawke in 2009
- **birthname**: Ethan Green Hawke
- **birth place**: Austin, Texas, Austin, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **yearsactive**: 1984─present
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 4; including Maya Hawke, Maya
Snow Falling on Cedars (movie)

***Snow Falling on Cedars*** is an 1999 drama movie that was produced by Ron Bass
Kathleen Kennedy, Frank Marshall and Harry J. Ufland and was directed by Scott Hicks. _Snow Falling on Cedars_ was released on December 22, 1999 in North America. The movie received a 40% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 44 out of 100 from Metacritic. The movie was nominated for an Academy Award for _Best Cinematography_.

## Cast

- Ethan Hawke as Ishmael Chambers
- Reeve Carney as Young Ishmael Chambers
- James Cromwell as Judge Fielding
- Richard Jenkins as Sheriff Art Moran
- James Rebhorn as Alvin Hooks
- Sam Shepard as Arthur Chambers
- Max von Sydow as Nels Gudmundsson
- Youki Kudoh as Hatsue Miyamoto
- Anne Suzuki as Young Hatsue Imada
- Rick Yune as Kabuo Miyamoto
- Seiji Inouye as Young Kabuo Miyamoto
- Celia Weston as Etta Heine

## Other websites

- Snow Falling on Cedars Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Snow Falling on Cedars
- **director**: Scott Hicks
- **producer**: Ron Bass
Kathleen Kennedy
Frank Marshall
Harry J. Ufland
- **writer**: **Story**:
David Guterson
**Screenplay**:
Ron Bass
Scott Hicks
- **starring**: Ethan Hawke
Youki Kudoh
Reeve Carney
Anne Suzuki
Rick Yune
- **music**: James Newton Howard
- **cinematography**: Robert Richardson
- **editing**: Hank Corwin
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
- **released**: April 3, 2009
- **runtime**: 127 mins.
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $35 million
Macrauchenia

***Macrauchenia*** was an early hoofed mammal with a long neck; it may have had a long trunk. This quadruped lived during the Pleistocene. Fossils of _Macrauchenia_ have been found in Argentina, South America. _Macrauchenia_ was an herbivore that had high-crowned cheek teeth.
Victoria River (Northern Territory)

The **Victoria River** is in longest river in the Northern Territory of Australia. It flows into the Timor Sea.  Philip Parker King explored the mouth of the river on 12 September 1819. In 1839, the crew of HMS Beagle travelled more than 200 km up the river. In 1854 the explorer Augustus Charles Gregory reached the river after crossing the north of Australia from Brisbane, Queensland.
Kapunda

**Kapunda** is a town in South Australia, 79 km north of Adelaide. First settled in 1842, it is the oldest copper mining town in Australia. The name _Kapunda_ comes from an Aboriginal words _cappie oonda_, which meant spring of water.
Uncountable set

An **uncountable set** is an infinite set that is impossible to count.  If we try to count the elements, we will always skip some. It does not matter what size step we take. The set of real numbers, often written as , is an uncountable set. There are many other uncountable sets, such as the interval .  An uncountable set is bigger than an infinite countable set.  We know that because Georg Cantor proved it. He showed that any list of numbers is not complete. This is true even if the list is infinite.

## Related pages

- Cantor's diagonal argument
- Cantor set
Young Adam

***Young Adam*** is a 2003 British crime drama movie. The cast for this movie are Ewan McGregor, Tilda Swinton Peter Mullan and Emily Mortimer. The screenplay for this movie is based on the 1954 novel of the same name. This movie is set in Scotland in 1954. Young Adam is rated NC-17 due to sexual content.
2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot

The **2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot** was a riot that took place on June 15, 2011 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

The riot took place after the Boston Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in Game 7 of the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals. It happened immediately after the Bruins defeated the Canucks. There were at least 140 people that were reported as being injured in the incident, one critically and at least four people were stabbed. Close to 100 people were arrested.

People were angry over the result of the final game and threw objects at the large screens that were at the viewing area. They set fire to Boston Bruins flags, overturned and set fire to two vehicles in front of the main Canada Post headquarters. There were reports of similar car fires in a nearby parking garage that included two police cruisers. The rioters smashed windows and looted stores. The riot ended around midnight when people in the crowd either went home or were arrested. The mayor of Vancouver, Gregor Robertson, called the rioters "a small group of troublemakers". Several of the participants in the riot turned themselves in to the police after their faces were shown on TV, including the person responsible for setting the first car on fire. According to CBC News, the destruction caused by the rioters was worse than the riot that followed the Canucks loss in Game 7 of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals, especially the looting aspect.
Hermann Stadler

**Hermann Stadler** (born 21 May 1961) is a former Austrian footballer. He is at the moment coach of the U 17 national team.

## Career

Hermann Stadler started playing football in his local club Oberndorfer SK. His professional career started in 1979, when he came to SV Austria Salzburg. 1983 he went, together with his friend Leo Lainer, to SK Rapid Wien. But in Vienna he did not play often, so he left the club and played a short time for SK VOEST Linz. Then he went back to SV Salzburg into the second league.

With Salzburg he had his most successful time as player becoming two times Champion and reaching the UEFA Cup final versus Inter Mailand. His career ended in 1996 after 380 league matches (323 for Salzburg, 48 for Rapid, 9 for VOEST Linz) and 38 goals (36 for Salzburg, 2 for Rapid)

## International statistics

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="3"|Austria|1980|3|0|
|1981|6|0|||
|1987|1|0|||

## Coach

He began in different positions mainly in the youth department with SV Austria Salzburg. Now he is coach of Austrias U 17 national team. With the team he became runner up in the 2025 FIFA U17 World Cup.

### Player

- Austrian Champion:
3 x: 1987 (with SK Rapid Wien), 1994, 1995 (with SV Austria Salzburg)

- Austrian Cup:
3 x: 1984, 1985, 1987 (with SK Rapid Wien)

- Final European Cup winner Cup:
1 x: 1985 (with SK Rapid Wien)

- UEFA-Cup-Final:
1 x 1994

### Coach

- FIFA U17 World Cup
1 x: 2025 runner-up
Saw 3D

***Saw 3D*** is a 2010 American horror movie, the seventh and final motion picture of the _Saw_ franchise. This installment of the series is about a man who claims to be a Jigsaw survivor and writes a book of his experience. An 8th movie was planned, though a decrease in performance at the box office for **Saw VI** led to Saw 3D being the last planned movie in the series. _Saw 3D_ was released October 29, 2010 in the United States. The movie was originally rated NC-17 (No Children 17 or Under Admitted) and had to be edited six times to receive an R rating. The movie's reviews were not positive, although _Saw 3D_ did make $136 million at the box office.
Musky rat-kangaroo

The **musky rat-kangaroo**, _Hypsiprymnodon moschatus_, is a small marsupial species found in the rainforests of northeast Queensland, Australia. It moves by extending its body and then bringing both of its hind legs forward. It eats fallen fruit and large seeds, as well as small vertebrate animals. Its body is about  in length. Its tail is about . They weigh about .
Cambourne

**Cambourne** is a Town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is a new settlement and is divided into Lower Cambourne, Great Cambourne and Upper Cambourne.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Cambourne
- **civil parish**: Cambourne
- **shire district**: South Cambridgeshire
- **shire county**: Cambridgeshire
- **region**: East of England
- **constituency westminster**: South Cambridgeshire (UK Parliament constituency), South Cambridgeshire
- **post town**: CAMBRIDGE
- **postcode district**: CB23
- **postcode area**: CB
- **dial code**: 01954
- **os grid reference**: TL318598
Soham

**Soham** is a town and civil parish in East Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire, England. In 2001 there were 9,102 people living in Soham.

The town came to international attention in August 2002 following the disappearance of two girls, Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman.
Tanami Desert

The **Tanami Desert** is a desert in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is rocky with small hills, an arid and isolated area that was not fully explored until well into the twentieth century. It is crossed by the Tanami Track. The explorer John McDouall Stuart made repeated attempts to cross the desert in the 1860's while trying to reach the Victoria River. He was unable to find water.

Under the name **Tanami**, it is one of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) regions. The desert is uniquely "one of the most important biological areas to be found in Australia particularly as it provides refuge for several of Australia's rare and endangered species."

The species that are found include:
- Western Chestnut Mouse (_Pseudomys nanus_)
- Little Native Mouse (_Pseudomys delicatulus_)
- Long-tailed Planigale (_Planigale ingrami_)

Significant bird species include:
- Grey Falcon (_Falco hypoleucos_)
- Australian Painted Snipe (_Rostratula australis_)
- Freckled duck (_Stictonetta naevosa_)

## Indigenous people

The Tanami Desert is home to the Kukatja and Walpiri people. The Tjurabalan live at the edge of the desert.

## References

- Kelly, Kieran, (2003) _ Tanami : on foot across Australia's desert heart_ Sydney : Pan Macmillan Australia, 2003.
- Thackway, R and I D Cresswell (1995) _An interim biogeographic regionalisation for Australia : a framework for setting priorities in the National Reserves System Cooperative Program_ Version 4.0 Canberra : Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Reserve Systems Unit, 1995.

## Other websites

- http://www.nt.gov.au/nreta/environment/conservation/pdf/43_swtanami.pdf
- http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/series/paper4/tan.html Australian government paper on environmental conditions.
Ludwig Leichhardt

**Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichardt** (1813—1848) was a German naturalist and explorer who explored the north of Australia. In 1844 Leichhardt led a small group from Moreton Bay in the south east corner of Queensland west to Port Essington in the Northern Territory. This was a trip of 4,828 km. They returned to Sydney by boat. He was presented with the Patrons Gold Medal by the Royal Geographical Society in London.

In 1848 he set out to cross the continent from east to west. He believed he could go north around the deserts to the coast of Western Australia, and then follow the coast south to the Swan River. After leaving the Darling Downs, Leichhardt's group disappeared. Many people searched, and there were stories about marked trees, or found items, but nothing was proved.

In 2006 a small piece of brass with Leichhardt's name on it proved to be a genuine item from the explorer. It had been found in 1900 by an Aboriginal stockman in Western Australia, close to the Northern Territory border, in the area between the Great Sandy Desert and the Tanami Desert.
Taxis

A **taxis** (plural **taxes**) is an innate behavioral response by an organism to a directional stimulus. This means the organism automatically moves towards or away from the stimulus.

A taxis differs from a tropism (turning response, often plant growth towards or away from a stimulus) in that the organism has motility and shows movement towards or away from the stimulus source.

- **Phototaxis**: movement, usually towards light. Shown by many organisms, such as many flying insects.
- **Chemotaxis**: movement towards desirable chemicals, and away from unpleasant ones.

Even single-celled organisms can show taxis.
Euglena

***Euglena*** is a large genus of unicellular protists: they have both plant and animal characteristics.

All live in water, and move by means of a flagellum. This is an animal characteristic. Most have chloroplasts, which are characteristic of algae and plants.

Euglenids are believed to descend from an ancestor that took up green algae by secondary endosymbiosis.

Over 1,000 species of _Euglena_ have been described, and there are more to be discovered. Their relationships are being analysed.

__TOC__

## Form and function

When acting as a heterotroph (animal), the _Euglena_ surrounds a particle of food and consumes it by phagocytosis. When acting as an autotroph, the _Euglena_ has chloroplasts which produce sugars by photosynthesis. The chloroplasts use the pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.

The number and shape of chloroplasts within _Euglena_ varies greatly. _Euglena_ are able to move through aquatic environments by using a large flagellum for locomotion. To detect light, the cell has an eyespot, a primitive organelle that filters sunlight into light-detecting, photo-sensitive structures. These structures, at the base of the flagellum, allow only certain wavelengths of light to register. With the aid of this photo-sensitive area,  the _Euglena_ can shift its position to get better photosynthesis.

The mobility of _Euglena_ also allows hunting. Most _Euglena_ are considered mixotrophs: autotrophs in sunlight and heterotrophs in the dark. _Euglena_ do not have plant cell walls, but have a pellicle instead. The pellicle is made of protein bands that spiral down the length of the _Euglena_ and lie beneath the plasma membrane.

_Euglena_ can survive in fresh and salt water. In low moisture conditions, _Euglena_ forms a protective wall around itself and lies dormant as a spore until environmental conditions improve. _Euglena_ can also survive in the dark by storing starch-like paramylon granules inside the chloroplast.

## Reproduction

_Euglenas_ reproduce asexually by binary fission. There is no evidence of sexual reproduction. Reproduction includes transverse division and longitudinal division, which both occur in the active and encysted forms.

## As a food source

Starting in 2005, the Tokyo-based Euglena Company now markets _Euglena_-based food and beverage products. The fitness of _Euglena_ for human consumption had been thought about before, but this is the first attempt to cultivate and farm it. The company's main production facility is on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, where there is a favourable climate.

Euglena Company is also experimenting with the use of _Euglena_ as a potential fuel source.
American History X

***American History X*** is a 1998 American crime drama movie directed by Tony Kaye. It was released on October 23, 1998 in North America and received positive reviews, with an 83% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 62/100 from Metacritic. Edward Norton was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. The movie was named by Empire magazine as the 311th Greatest Movie of All Time. It is about a man who joins a neo-nazi gang, after his firefighter father is killed by black drug dealers in Venice, Los Angeles. While staying in prison for three years, his younger brother ends up facing the wrong path.

## Cast

- Edward Norton as Derek Vinyard
- Edward Furlong as Daniel "Danny" Vinyard
- Beverly D'Angelo as Doris Vinyard
- Jennifer Lien as Davina Vinyard
- Ethan Suplee as Seth Ryan
- Fairuza Balk as Stacey
- Avery Brooks as Dr. Robert "Bob" Sweeney
- Elliott Gould as Murray
- Stacy Keach as Cameron Alexander
- William Russ as Dennis Vinyard
- Paul Le Mat as McMahon
- Guy Torry as Lamont
- Joseph Cortese as Rasmussen
- Jason Bose Smith as Little Henry
- Antonio David Lyons as Lawrence
- Alex Sol as Mitch McCormick
- Keram Malicki-Sánchez as Chris
- Giuseppe Andrews as Jason
- Cleo Adell as Lizzie
- Jonathan Fowler Jr. as Jerome
- Christopher Masterson as Daryl Dawson
- Nicholas R. Oleson as Huge Aryan
- Jordan Marder as Curtis

## Other websites

- American History X official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: American History X
- **caption**: The Film Release Poster
- **director**: Tony Kaye
- **producer**: John Morrissey
- **writer**: David McKenna
- **starring**: Edward Norton
Edward Furlong
Beverly D'Angelo
Avery Brooks
Stacy Keach
Jennifer Lien
Fairuza Balk
Elliott Gould
- **music**: Anne Dudley
- **cinematography**: Tony Kaye
- **editing**: Gerald B. Greenberg
Alan Heim
- **studio**: New Line Cinema
- **distributor**: Warner Bros. Pictures
- **released**: October 23, 1998
- **runtime**: 119 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $20 million
- **gross**: $23,875,127
Melodica

The **melodica**, also known as the "blow-organ" or "key-flute", is a wind instrument with a keyboard on top, and is played by blowing air through a mouthpiece that fits into a hole in the side of the instrument. The keyboard is usually two or three octaves long. Melodicas are small, light, and portable. They are popular in music education, especially in Asia.
Mercedes-AMG

**Mercedes-AMG** GmbH, commonly known as AMG, is a part of the Mercedes-Benz car company. It makes high-performance luxury cars. AMG models usually have more aggressive looks, higher performances, better handling and better stability than normal Mercedes cars. Apart from the V12 Mercedes cars, AMG cars are the most expensive and highest-performance of each Mercedes series. They make cars from the small A45 AMG all the way to the very large G63 6X6.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Mercedes-AMG GmbH
- **logo**: AMG logo.svg
- **type**: Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung
- **fate**: acquired by DaimlerChrysler (1999)
- **predecessor**: AMG Motorenbau und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH
- **foundation**: Burgstetten, Burgstall a. d. Murr, Germany ()
- **location city**: Affalterbach
- **location country**: Germany
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **services**: Research and development
- **equity**: €21 million <small>(2011)</small>
- **num employees**: ~900
- **parent**: Daimler AG
Oculus

**Oculus** is a Latin word which means "eye". The hole in the ceiling of the Pantheon in Rome is called the _Oculus_.

A virtual reality headset from Facebook uses "Oculus" as a brand name_._
Teddy Purcell

**Edward "Teddy" Purcell** (born September 8, 1985 in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador) is a Canadian ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Los Angeles Kings and the Tampa Bay Lightning.

He was traded along with a 3rd round draft pick to the Lightning for Jeff Halpern. On July 10, 2012, he signed a three-year contract extension with the Lightning which would allow the Lightning to keep him through to the 2015-2016 season.

On June 29, 2014, the Lightning traded Purcell to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for Sam Gagner.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Teddy Purcell
- **image**: Teddy Purcell - Edmonton Oilers.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Purcell in February 2015
- **birth place**: St. John's, Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 198
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shoots**: Right
- **played for**: Los Angeles Kings
Tampa Bay Lightning
Edmonton Oilers
Florida Panthers
Avangard Omsk
- **draft**: Undrafted
- **career start**: 2007
- **career end**: 2018
- **ntl team**: Canada
Laura Sadler

**Laura Ruth Sadler** (25 December 1980 – 19 June 2003) was an English actress best known for her role as nurse Sandy Harper in the BBC One hospital drama series _Holby City_.

## TV career

Sadler was born in Ascot, Berkshire, and took up television acting as a young girl. She was spotted as a future talent at the age of 6 by Dustin Hoffman, who had seen her in a play. After the play had finished Hoffman asked to meet the young actress. Before joining the cast of _Holby City_, her best-known role had been as the character Judi Jeffreys in the children's television series _Grange Hill_ from 1997 to 1999. In a tragic coincidence, her _Grange Hill_ character was killed after slipping and falling out of a burning building, paralleling her real life death 4 years later. Laura also then played the part of Skirty Marm in a new BBC1 children's comedy, Belfry Witches. Skirty Marm and her friend Old Noshie (Lucy Davis) were teenage witches banished to earth from Witch Island; settling in a sleepy village where they caused mischief.

In 1996 she starred in the feature movie _Intimate Relations_ alongside Julie Walters, where she played a Lolita-like girl with a crush on her mother's adulterous lover. She joined the cast of _Holby City_, a spin-off series from the long-running BBC medical drama series _Casualty_, in the show's third series.

## Death

In the early hours of 15 June 2003, she fell 40 feet (12 metres) from the balcony of the Holland Park flat of her boyfriend and _Holby City_ co-star George Calil after having taken alcohol and cocaine. She suffered severe head injuries, and never regained consciousness. Her family decided to remove her from life support on 18 June 2003 and she died at Charing Cross Hospital a day later.

Her boyfriend, Calil, then aged 30, who played her character's drug-dealing boyfriend Sean Hunt in _Holby City_, was arrested for questioning before being released on bail. On 26 June police announced that the death was being treated as accidental and no further action would be taken.

Laura continued to feature in pre-recorded episodes of _Holby City_ after her death. Laura's mother took part in writing her daughter's character Sandy out of _Holby City_; in the episode, which was broadcast in September 2003, her character won the lottery and subsequently emigrated to Australia.

## Other websites

- BBC News - Holby actor speaks of shock
- BBC News - Actress Laura Sadler dies

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Laura Sadler
- **birth name**: Laura Ruth Sadler
- **birth place**: Ascot, Berkshire, Ascot, Berkshire, England
- **death place**: Charing Cross Hospital, London, England
- **death cause**: Accidental fall
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **years active**: 1987-2003
- **credits**: * "Judi Jeffries" in _Grange Hill_
*"Sandy Harper" in _Holby City_
Brevens bruk

**Brevens Bruk** is a minor locality in Örebro Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden. 121 people were living there in 2007. It is famous for a traditional Swedish midsummer celebration held every year. Thousands of people from neighbouring areas gather and celebrate. The celebration has drawn attention all the way to Germany and hundreds of German tourists share in the celebration.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Brevens bruk
- **image skyline**: Brevens_bruk_juli_2006_A.jpg
- **image caption**: Brevens bruk
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Örebro Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Örebro County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Närke
- **area total km2**: 0.79
- **population as of**: 2007-12-31
- **population total**: 121
- **population density km2**: 0
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Interstate 485

**Interstate 485** is a highway around Charlotte, North Carolina. It was finished in 2015.

## Infobox (road)

- **state**: NC
- **route**: 485
- **type**: I
- **alternate name**: Charlotte Outerbelt
- **maint**: North Carolina Department of Transportation, NCDOT
- **length mi**: 59
- **length round**: 0
- **beltway city**: Charlotte, North Carolina, Charlotte
- **established**: 1988
- **junction**: near Pineville, North Carolina, Pineville
 near Charlotte, North Carolina, Charlotte
 near Charlotte, North Carolina, Charlotte
 in Huntersville, North Carolina, Huntersville
 near Concord, North Carolina, Concord
 near Concord, North Carolina, Concord
 in Matthews, North Carolina, Matthews
- **counties**: Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, Mecklenburg
- **previous type**: NC
- **previous route**: 481
- **next type**: US
- **next route**: 501
Clarence Clemons

**Clarence Clemons** (January 11, 1942 – June 18, 2011) was an American musician and actor. He as known on stage as **the Big Man**. He died in his Florida home after having a large stroke.

He was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1942. His father gave him an alto saxophone for Christmas one year. Clemons' saxophone playing was an important part of early songs by Bruce Springsteen, including "Rosalita" and "Born to Run".

Clemons released his for solo album in 1983.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Clarence Clemons
- **img**: Clarence clemons Olbrich.JPG
- **img size**: 220px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **alias**: the Big Man
- **instrument**: Saxophone
- **genre**: Rock and roll
- **associated acts**: E Street Band
Flag of Wyoming

The **flag of the State of Wyoming** has an American bison in the center (facing to the left) and the Seal of Wyoming in the middle of the bison. The flag's original design was for the buffalo to face the opposite way.

There is a variant of this flag with the seal removed.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Wyoming
- **image**: Flag of Wyoming.svg
- **use**: 110000
- **proportion**: 7:10
- **design**: A dark blue field bordered by white and red; in the centre is the white silhouette of a bison bearing the state seal.
- **designer**: Verna Keays
Sajóvámos

**Sajóvámos** is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county in Hungary.

## Location

The village is lying next to the Sajó river.

### Connections

A minor road heading through Sajóvámos beetween Edelény and Felsőzsolca. There is another, even smaller road what connects the village with Road 26.

## History

Sajóvámos was first mentiones in 1219 as _villa Vamus_. It was an important custom house in the XIV. century.

## Landmarks

- Kossuth Square
- Reformatic Church

## Other websites

- Official site
- KSH

## Infobox (settlement)

- **image caption**: Sajóvámos high street
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **image shield**: HUN Sajóvámos COA.jpg
- **pushpin map**: Hungary
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **official name**: Sajóvámos
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Hungary, County
- **subdivision name1**: Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
- **area total km2**: 31.22
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 2213
- **population density km2**: 70.88
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 3712
- **area code**: 46
Nervous tissue

**Nervous tissue** is the main part of the nervous system – the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. These control the body functions. It is made up of neurons, which transmit impulses, and the neuroglia cells. Neuroglia cells help and provide food for the neurons. A neuron is the longest cell of our body.
Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles

***Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles*** is a 1994 American fantasy drama horror movie directed by Neil Jordan. It is about a vampire named Lestat who turns a plantation owner into a vampire. The movie is set in New Orleans during 1791, Paris in 1871 and San Francisco, California in 1988. The movie stars Tom Cruise, Brad Pitt, Stephen Rea, Antonio Banderas, Christian Slater and Kirsten Dunst.

The movie is based on the 1976 novel _Interview with the Vampire_ by Anne Rice.
The Advertiser (Adelaide)

***The Advertiser*** is a daily newspaper published in Adelaide, South Australia. It was first printed on 12 July 1858. it is owned by News Limited.

## Infobox (newspaper)

- **name**: The Advertiser
- **type**: Daily newspaper
- **format**: Tabloid (newspaper format), Tabloid
(since November 1997)
- **owners**: News Corp Australia
- **founder**: Rev John Henry Barrow
- **chiefeditor**: Melvin Mansell
- **editor**: Matt Deighton
- **foundation**: 1858 as The South Australian Advertiser
- **headquarters**: 31 Waymouth Street,
Adelaide, South Australia, SA, Australia
Utility software

In computing, a utility is a program or module which is used to give a general-purpose result, for many different uses. A utility is intended for a wide range of users, rather than an "app" (application program) which might be intended to serve a specific purpose for specific users.

For example, a utility program may handle computer files or guard against computer viruses.

## Definition

Utility is a system software that corresponds towards analyzing, configuring and optimizing the computer.

## Common examples of utility programs

- Anti-Virus
- Archives
- synchronisation
- Disk compression
- Disk Defragment
- search bar
- system restore
- synchronisation
- zip/unzip

The word "utility" has been used to mean a "general-purpose computing tool" for many decades, since at least 1960.
James Chambers (pastoralist)

**James Chambers** (1811–1862) was an English man who became a rich pastoralist (farmer) in South Australia. He is well known for funding the exploring costs of John McDouall Stuart from 1850—1862. Many Australian geographic features have been named after him including the strange rock formation, Chambers Pillar, and Chambers Bay.