juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Risk (song)

"**Risk**" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams for her second studio album, _The Secret of Us_ (2024). It was released on May 1, 2024, through Interscope Records. It is the lead single from the album.

"Risk" peaked at number 94 on the US _Billboard_ Hot 100. Abrams performed "Risk" on _The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon_ and _The Today Show_. She also performed it on The Secret of Us Tour (2024–2025) and Taylor Swift The Eras Tour (2024).
The Secret of Us Tour

**The Secret of Us Tour** is the ongoing fourth concert tour by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams, in support of her second studio album, _The Secret of Us_ (2024). The tour began on September 5, 2024, in Portland, United States. It will end on August 27, 2025, in Mexico City, Mexico.
Close to You (Gracie Abrams song)

"**Close to You**" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams for her second studio album, _The Secret of Us_ (2024). The song was released through Interscope Records on June 7, 2024. It is the second single from the album.

"Close to You" became Abrams' first solo entry on the US _Billboard_ Hot 100 and peaked within the top 40 in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. She performed the song The Secret of Us Tour (2024–2025) and Taylor Swift The Eras Tour (2024).

Abrams first posted a 20-second clip of "Close to You" on her Instagram account in 2017. She never originally meant for it to be officially released.
Everywhere, Everything

"**Everywhere, Everything**" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Noah Kahan, for his third studio album _Stick Season_. It was released on October 14, 2022. The track was written and produced by Kahan, along with Gabe Simon.

A duet version of the song, with singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams, was released on December 1, 2023, as the fourth single from the album's 2024 expanded edition, subtitled _Forever_.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Everywhere, Everything
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Noah Kahan and Gracie Abrams
- **album**: Stick Season (album), Stick Season (Forever)
- **genre**: Folk-pop
- **length**: 4:17
- **label**: * Mercury Records, Mercury
* Republic Records, Republic
- **writer**: Noah Kahan
- **producer**: * Gabe Simon
* Kahan
- **chronology**: Noah Kahan
- **prev title**: She Calls Me Back
- **prev year**: 2023
- **next title**: Homesick
- **next year**: 2024
Good Riddance Tour

**Good Riddance Tour** was the third concert tour by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams. It was to support of her first studio album, _Good Riddance_ (2023). The tour began on March 6, 2023, in Chicago, United States, and ended on January 22, 2024, in Melbourne, Australia.
Good Riddance (album)

***Good Riddance*** is the debut studio album by the American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams. It was released on February 24, 2023, through Interscope Records. A deluxe edition of the album with four bonus tracks was released on June 16, 2023.

_Good Riddance_ is a pop album. Some main themes of the album is guilt, heartbreak, self-identity, personal accountability, and coming of age.

It was promoted by three singles and the Good Riddance Tour, which passed across North America, Europe, and Australia.

It received positive reviews, with critics liking Abrams's singing and songs, however not many liked the way it was produced.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Good Riddance
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Gracie Abrams
- **released**: February 24, 2023
- **studio**: Long Pond (Hudson Valley)
- **genre**: * Pop music, Pop
- **length**: 52:24
- **label**: Interscope Records, Interscope
- **producer**: Aaron Dessner
- **prev title**: This Is What It Feels Like (EP), This Is What It Feels Like
- **prev year**: 2021
- **next title**: The Secret of Us
- **next year**: 2024
Irish Albums Chart

The **Irish Albums Chart** is the Irish music industry standard albums popularity chart. It is issued weekly by the Irish Recorded Music Association (IRMA). The charts were made on behalf of IRMA by Chart-Track before. Now, they are made by the Official Charts Company since 2017.
VO2 max

**VO<sub>2</sub> max** (also called **maximal oxygen uptake**) is the highest amount of oxygen that a person's body can use during hard exercise. The "V" means volume, "O<sub>2</sub>" means oxygen, and "max" means maximum. It is usually measured in milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (mL/kg·min).

## Understanding VO2 max

When people exercise, their bodies need oxygen to make energy for their muscles. VO<sub>2</sub> max measures how well someone's body can take in and use oxygen during exercise. A higher VO<sub>2</sub> max usually means a person can exercise longer and harder.

## Measurement

Doctors and scientists measure VO<sub>2</sub> max by having a person exercise on a treadmill or exercise bike while wearing a mask that measures their breathing. The person exercises harder and harder until they cannot continue. The highest amount of oxygen they use is their VO<sub>2</sub> max.

## Normal Values

Different people have different VO<sub>2</sub> max values:

- The average untrained healthy man has a VO<sub>2</sub> max of about 35-40 mL/kg·min
- The average untrained healthy woman has a VO<sub>2</sub> max of about 27-31 mL/kg·min
- Athletes in sports like running, cycling, and cross-country skiing often have much higher values
- As people get older, their VO<sub>2</sub> max usually gets lower
- Training can help improve someone's VO<sub>2</sub> max

## Why VO2 max is Important

VO<sub>2</sub> max is important because:

- It helps doctors check how healthy someone's heart and lungs are
- It can show how fit an athlete is
- People with higher VO<sub>2</sub> max values often live longer and have better health
- It helps coaches and athletes plan training programs

## See also

- Exercise
- Physical fitness
- Cardiovascular system
Noah Kahan

**Noah  Berkenkamp Kahan** ( ; born January 1, 1997) is an American singer-songwriter. He is known for his single "Hurt Somebody". His first album, _Busyhead_ came out in 2019. He then released the albums _I Was / I Am_ (2021) and _Stick Season_ (2022).

## Discography

_Main article: _

- _Busyhead_ (2019)
- _I Was / I Am_ (2021)
- _Stick Season_ (2022)
- _The Great Divide_ (2026)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Noah Kahan
- **image**: Noah Kahan 2024 01 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Kahan in 2024
- **birth place**: Strafford, Vermont, U.S.
- **genre**: Folk-pop
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 2016–present
- **birth name**: Noah Berkenkamp Kahan
This Is What It Feels Like (EP)

***This Is What It Feels Like*** is the second EP by American singer and songwriter Gracie Abrams. It was released on November 12, 2021, through Interscope Records. It is mainly pop with a mix of bedroom pop and indie pop. Abrams co-wrote all the tracks, and as a producer on "Feels Like".
I Miss You, I'm Sorry

"**I Miss You, I'm Sorry**" is a song by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams. It was released on April 8, 2020. The song was released as the second single from her first EP, _Minor_.

In November 2022, Abrams was announced as an opener for Taylor Swift's The Eras Tour. During Swift's acoustic act, she invited Abrams on stage where they performed "I Miss You, I'm Sorry" together.
Dutch Album Top 100

The **Dutch Album Top 100** or **Album Top 100** is a weekly hit list of music albums made by Dutch Charts. It shows the 100 best-selling music albums of the moment in the Netherlands. The list has had many name changes and has expanded from a Top 10 to a Top 100. The first list was released in 1969.
Benny Blanco

**Benjamin Joseph Levin** (born March 8, 1988), known professionally as **Benny Blanco**, is an American record producer, songwriter, record executive and author. He was honored into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2013. He has also won five BMI Songwriter of the Year Awards, won the 2017 iHeartRadio Producer of the Year Award, and received 11 Grammy Award nominations.

Blanco has been in a relationship with singer and actress Selena Gomez since June 2023. They became engaged on December 11, 2024, and were married on September 27, 2025.

## Other websites

- Open Wide a cookbook for friends

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Benny Blanco
- **image**: Benny Blanco KCA 2025.png
- **caption**: Blanco in 2025
- **birth name**: Benjamin Joseph Levin
- **birth place**: Reston, Virginia, U.S.
- **discography**: Benny Blanco production discography
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **years active**: 2007–present
Minor (EP)

***Minor*** is the first EP by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams. It was released on July 14, 2020, through Interscope Records. Abrams co-wrote all the tracks.

## Charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2024)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|45||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Minor
- **border**: yes
- **type**: EP
- **artist**: Gracie Abrams
- **released**: July 14, 2020
- **length**: 20:40
- **label**: Interscope Records, Interscope
- **next title**: This Is What It Feels Like (EP), This Is What It Feels Like
- **next year**: 2021
I Love You, I'm Sorry

"**I Love You, I'm Sorry**" is a song by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams from her second studio album, _The Secret of Us_ (2024). The song was written by Abrams and Aaron Dessner. A music video for the song premiered on July 17, 2024.

On October 11, 2024, Abrams released the Vevo live performance on all streaming platforms as a single.
That's So True

"**That's So True**" is a song by American singer-songwriter Gracie Abrams. It was released through Interscope Records on November 6, 2024, as the first single from the deluxe edition of her second studio album, _The Secret of Us_ (2024). "That's So True" peaked at number six on the _Billboard_ Hot 100.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: That's So True
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Gracie Abrams
- **album**: The Secret of Us _(Deluxe)_
- **genre**: Folk-pop
- **length**: 2:46
- **label**: Interscope
- **writer**: * Gracie Abrams
* Audrey Hobert
- **producer**: * Gracie Abrams
* Aaron Dessner
* Julian Bunetta
- **prev title**: I Love You, I'm Sorry
- **prev year**: 2024
Vevo

**Vevo LLC** is a multinational video hosting service. It is best known for making music videos to YouTube.

The service opened on June 16, 2009.

In August 2016, Warner Music Group (WMG), the world's third-largest record company, agreed to license premium videos from its artists to Vevo.
PGA Tour 2K21

**PGA Tour 2K21** is a professional golf video game by 2K Sports. It is announced on 6 May 2020. It is released on 21 August 2020. It works on Stadia, Microsoft Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.
Chappell Roan

**Kayleigh Rose Amstutz** (born February 19, 1998), known professionally as **Chappell Roan** ( ), is an American singer-songwriter. Her music is inspired by 1980s synth-pop and 2000s pop songs.

## Career

Following a short break, she released a several songs independently in 2022. Her debut album, _The Rise and Fall of a Midwest Princess_, was released through Island Records in 2023. The album became a "sleeper hit" and was nominated for Album of the Year at the 67th Grammy Awards. Its single "Pink Pony Club" reached number one in the UK in 2025.

Roan was a supporting act on Olivia Rodrigo's Guts World Tour. Her producer, Dan Nigro, is also known for his work with Rodrigo. Roan released the single "Good Luck, Babe!" in 2024, which went on to reach number one in Ireland and the top five in the UK, US, and Canada.

Roan also starred in label-mate Sabrina Carpenter's Netflix Christmas special, _A Nonsense Christmas_ (2024), in which the two sang a cover of Wham!'s "Last Christmas".

In February 2025 at the 67th Grammy Awards, Roan won her first Grammy Award for Best New Artist.

## Personal life

Kayleigh Rose Amstutz was born in Willard, Missouri, on February 19, 1998, the oldest of four children. Roan took her stage name from her late grandfather, Dennis Chappell, and his favorite song, "The Strawberry Roan".

Roan is openly a lesbian. In the Apple TV+ special _A Carpool Karaoke Christmas_ (2024), Roan revealed to the host, New Zealander DJ Zane Lowe, that her strict Christian upbringing caused her to feel "like [she] was going to hell no matter how good of a person [she] was or how much [she] loved God, for being gay."

## Filmography

|Year|Program|Role|Notes|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="2"|2024|_A Nonsense Christmas_|rowspan="2"|Self; guest|Sabrina Carpenter Netflix special|
|_A Carpool Karaoke Christmas_|Apple TV+ special|||||

## Infobox (person)

- **embed**: yes
- **signature**: Chappell Roan sig.svg
- **sig size**: 100px


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Chappell Roan
- **image**: ChappellRoanRockES200825-198 (cropped).jpg
- **alt**: Roan singing into a microphone
- **caption**: Roan in 2025
- **birth name**: Kayleigh Rose Amstutz
- **birth place**: Willard, Missouri, Willard, Missouri, United States, U.S.
- **years active**: 2014–present
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243

**Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243** was a scheduled international passenger flight from Baku, Azerbaijan, to Grozny, Russia. On 25 December 2024, the flight crashed near Aqtau International Airport, Kazakhstan, with 62 passengers and 5 crew on board.

Russian news agencies said that a cause for the crash was because of a bird strike.  but initial investigations confirmed that a Russian missile caused the AZAL airplane crash. In total, 38 people died in the accident, including both pilots. 29 people survived.

## Infobox (aircraft occurrence)

- **name**: Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243
- **image**: Azerbaijan Airlines - Embraer 190AR (ERJ-190-100IGW) 4K-AZ65 Antalya Airport June 18, 2016 (cropped).jpg
- **image upright**: 1.15
- **caption**: 4K-AZ65, the aircraft involved in the accident, photographed on 18 June 2016
- **occurrence type**: Accident
- **date**: 25 December 2024
- **summary**: Crashed on approach during emergency landing; suspected Airliner shootdown, shootdown
- **site**: Near Aqtau International Airport, Aktau, Kazakhstan
- **aircraft type**: Embraer E190, Embraer E190AR
- **aircraft name**: _Qusar (city), Gusar_
- **operator**: Azerbaijan Airlines
- **iata**: J28243
- **icao**: AHY8243
- **callsign**: AZAL 8243
- **tail number**: 4K-AZ65
- **origin**: Heydar Aliyev International Airport, Baku, Azerbaijan
- **destination**: Kadyrov Grozny International Airport, Chechnya, Russia
- **occupants**: 67
- **passengers**: 62
- **crew**: 5
- **fatalities**: 38
- **injuries**: 29
- **survivors**: 29
Michael McGrath (Irish politician)

**Michael McGrath** (; born 23 August 1976) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who has been the EU Commissioner for Democracy, Justice, the Rule of Law and Consumer Protection since 2024. He was the Minister for Finance from December 2022 to June 2024. He was Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform from 2020 to 2022.

He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork South-Central constituency from 2007 to 2024.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: McGrath EC Portrait 2024 (cropped2).jpg
- **caption**: McGrath in 2024
- **office**: European Commissioner for Justice, European Commissioner for Democracy, Justice and Rule of Law
- **president**: Ursula von der Leyen
- **term start**: 1 December 2024
- **predecessor**: Didier Reynders
- **office1**: Minister for Finance (Ireland), Minister for Finance
- **term start1**: 17 December 2022
- **term end1**: 26 June 2024
- **predecessor1**: Paschal Donohoe
- **successor1**: Jack Chambers (politician), Jack Chambers
- **office2**: Minister for Public Expenditure, National Development Plan Delivery and Reform, Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform
- **taoiseach2**: Micheál Martin
- **term start2**: 27 June 2020
- **term end2**: 17 December 2022
- **predecessor2**: Paschal Donohoe
- **successor2**: Paschal Donohoe
- **office3**: Teachta Dála
- **term start3**: 2007 Irish general election, May 2007
- **term end3**: 2024 Irish general election, November 2024
- **constituency3**: Cork South-Central (Dáil constituency), Cork South-Central
- **birth place**: Cork (city), Cork, Ireland
- **nationality**: Irish people, Irish
- **party**: Fianna Fáil
- **children**: 7
- **alma mater**: University College Cork
- **relatives**: Séamus McGrath (brother)
Magnus Brunner

**Magnus Brunner** (; born 6 May 1972) is an Austrian People's Party politician who has been the European Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration since December 2024. Before, he was Austria's finance minister from 2021 until 2024.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Magnus Brunner
- **image**: Brunner EC Portrait 2024.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **office**: European Commissioner, European Commissioner for Internal Affairs and Migration
- **term start**: 1 December 2024
- **president**: Ursula von der Leyen
- **predecessor**: Ylva Johansson
- **office1**: Minister of Finance (Austria), Minister of Finance
- **term start1**: 6 December 2021
- **term end1**: 20 November 2024
- **chancellor1**: Karl Nehammer
- **predecessor1**: Gernot Blümel
- **successor1**: Gunter Mayr (acting)
- **office2**: Ministry of Climate Action and Energy (Austria), State Secretary for Climate Action and Energy
- **term start2**: 7 January 2020
- **term end2**: 6 December 2021
- **chancellor2**: Sebastian Kurz
Alexander Schallenberg
- **office3**: Member of the Federal Council (Austria), Federal Council
- **term start3**: 1 May 2009
- **term end3**: 6 January 2020
- **predecessor3**: Jürgen Weiss
- **successor3**: Christine Schwarz-Fuchs
- **constituency3**: Vorarlberg
- **birth place**: Höchst, Austria, Höchst, Vorarlberg, Austria
- **party**: Austrian People's Party, ÖVP
- **alma mater**: University of Innsbruck
University of Vienna
King's College London
David McGuinty

**David Joseph McGuinty**  (born February 25, 1960) is a Canadian lawyer and politician who has been a Member of Parliament for Ottawa South since 2004. He has been the Minister of National Defence since 2025. He was the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness for two months in 2025. Before, he was the minister of public safety.

## Other websites

- David McGuinty's MP Website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: David McGuinty
- **image**: David McGuinty 2025.jpg
- **caption**: McGuinty in 2025
- **office**: Minister of National Defence (Canada), Minister of National Defence
- **primeminister**: Mark Carney
- **term start**: May 13, 2025
- **predecessor**: Bill Blair
- **office1**: Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness
- **primeminister1**: Mark Carney
- **predecessor1**: Himself (Public Safety)
Harjit Sajjan (Emergency Preparedness)
- **successor1**: Gary Anandasangaree (Public Safety)
 Eleanor Olszewski (Emergency Management)
- **term start1**: March 14, 2025
- **term end1**: May 13, 2025
- **office2**: Minister of Public Safety
- **primeminister2**: Justin Trudeau
- **predecessor2**: Dominic LeBlanc
- **successor2**: Himself
- **term start2**: December 20, 2024
- **term end2**: March 14, 2025
- **office3**: National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians, Chair of the National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians
- **primeminister3**: Justin Trudeau
- **predecessor3**: _Position established_
- **successor3**: Patricia Lattanzio
- **term start3**: November 6, 2017
- **term end3**: December 20, 2024
- **parliament4**: Canadian
- **riding4**: Ottawa South
- **predecessor4**: John Manley (politician), John Manley
- **term start4**: June 28, 2004
- **birth name**: David Joseph McGuinty
- **birth place**: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- **party**: Liberal Party of Canada, Liberal
- **spouse**: Brigitte Bélanger
- **father**: Dalton McGuinty Sr.
- **relatives**: Dalton McGuinty (brother)
Team Asobi

**Team Asobi** is a Japanese video game developer owned by PlayStation Studios.

## History

In 2012, the studio was founded within Japan Studio, but after it shutdown in 2021, Team Asobi became an independent PlayStation studio. Their name comes from the Japanese word "Asobi" which means "play".

## Games

The studio is best know for creating the Astro Bot series starting in 2013 with the release of The Playroom on PlayStation 4.

Their most recent game is Astro Bot, which was released on PlayStation 5 on September 6, 2024.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Team Asobi
- **logo**: TeamAsobiLogo.svg
- **logo caption**: Logo since 2020
- **type**: Division (business), Division
- **industry**: Video games
- **predecessor**: Japan Studio
- **founded**: 2012 (as a division of Japan Studio)
April 1, 2021 (as an independent studio)
- **hq location city**: Tokyo
- **hq location country**: Japan
- **key people**: Nicolas Doucet (President, creative director)
- **num employees**: 65
- **num employees year**: 2024
- **parent**: Japan Studio (2012–2021)
PlayStation Studios (2021–present)
- **products**: _Astro Bot (series), Astro Bot Series_
Éric Lombard

**Éric Roger Pierre Lombard** (born 16 May 1958) is a French businessman and politician who was the minister of economics and finance from 2024 until 2025. From 2017 to 2024, he was the CEO of the Caisse des dépôts et consignations.

He is a former student of HEC Paris.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Éric Lombard
- **image**: Eric Lombard (46824286954) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Lombard in 2018
- **office**: Ministry of Economics and Finance (France), Minister of Economy, Finance, Industrial and Digital Sovreignty
- **primeminister**: François Bayrou
- **term start**: 23 December 2024
- **term end**: 5 October 2025
- **predecessor**: Antoine Armand
- **successor**: Roland Lescure
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **birth place**: Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- **office1**: Chief executive officer, CEO of Caisse des dépôts et consignations
- **termstart1**: 8 December 2017
- **termend1**: 23 December 2024
- **successor1**: Olivier Sichel
- **predecessor1**: Pierre-René Lemas
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: HEC Paris
- **occupation**: Businessman • Business executive
- **birth name**: Éric Roger Pierre Lombard
Street harassment

**Street harassment** is a form of harassment.

## Overview

It most cases, street harassment comes in the form of sexual harassment. It usually consists of  unwanted sexualised comments, provocative gestures, honking, wolf whistles, indecent exposures, stalking, persistent sexual advances, and touching by strangers, in public areas such as streets, shopping malls and public transportation.

Other than actions or comments that have a sexual connotation, it often includes homophobic and transphobic slurs, and hateful comments about race, religion, class, ethnicity and disability. The practice is about power and control. It is often about discrimination. People have said that it may come from the fact that other people did not have the opportunities to express interest or affection. This may be because these people find it difficult to interact with other people.

## Academic views

People of both genders are targeted. Commonly, women are victims more often than men. According to _Harvard Law Review_ (1993), street harassment is considered _harassment done primarily by male strangers to females in public places_.

## History

There is no definitive beginning of street harassment.

### Street harassment in history

In the 19th century London, street harassment came into the spotlight as a social issue. In London, new shopping districts were created near the West End. This caused many middle-class women to walk through traditionally male-dominated neighborhoods to purchase the latest goods. Women sometimes found themselves questioned and followed by men who worked in the area. The men's behaviors resembled contemporary working-class courtship rituals. In such rituals, a young man would show his preference for a woman by "glad-eyeing" her in the street, and the woman would respond by slowing down her pace.

According to Walkowtiz, the public's perception of street harassment was shaped by the middle-class women who were the new subjects of this courtship practice,. This practicer was seen to be far too casual and informal to be proper. The experience of these women was given a greater weight by the society than those of working class women. Leading ladies' journals of the era contained advice on how to avoid being "spoken to" by men when going about their business.

### Modern anti-street-harassment movements

The modern discussion regarding the subject began in 1944 with the rape of Recy Taylor. Rosa Parks was commissioned to investigate the crime:  Taylor, a black woman, was kidnapped and gang-raped in Abbeville, Alabama. Parks responded by starting what was later dubbed the "strongest campaign for equal justice to be seen in a decade."

## Prevalence

Worldwide:

- 80% of women endure at least occasional street harassment
- 45% (at least monthly) avoids going alone to public spaces after dark
- 50% (at least monthly) have to find alternate routes to their destinations
- 9% have had to switch careers to escape the area in which harassment occurred.
- 80% (at least monthly) feel the need to be constantly alert when traversing local streets

This problem affects people of all identities, races and ages regularly.
Allobates zaparo

The **sanguine poison frog**, **sanguine poison-arrow frog**, or **Zaparo's poison frog** (_Allobates zaparo_) is a frog.  It lives in Ecuador and Peru.

## Body

The adult male frog is 27.0 to 30.5 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 26.5 - 30.5 mm long.  The skin of the frog's back is red in color with light brown or copper colored lines that start on the nose. The sides of the head and body are black in color with brown on top and white on the bottom.  The white stripe may turn blue toward the rear of the body. There is a green-yellow mark on the mouth. The tops of the front legs are light brown in color with black or dark brown spots. There is yellow or orange color where the front legs meet the body.  The tops of the back legs are black in color with blue-gray marks. The bottoms of the hind legs or blue in color with black marks. The throat and chest are black in color but may have some blue color.  The blue becomes an orange stripe near where the front legs meet the body.  The belly is blue with black marks. The iris of the eye is black in color with some bronze or copper near the middle.

This frog does not have poison chemicals in its skin, but its stripes and colors look like those of other frogs in Dendrobatidae. Because of this, scientists call this frog a mimic. It looks like poisonous frogs to trick animals that want to eat it into thinking that it has poison too.  _A. zaparo_ looks like _A. bilinguis_, which has some poison but not a lot. Scientists think this is because animals that try to eat the frog learn exactly what it looks like.

## Food

This frog can eat many kinds of things. For example, it eats ants.

## Name

Scientists named this frog _zaparo_ for the Sápara people who live in eastern Ecuador.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day. People see it in forests in low places and on hills, mostly in forests that have never been cut down but sometimes in forests that were destroyed and are growing back and near streams near farms. People have seen it on the dead leaves on the ground. Scientists saw the frog between 200 and 1000 meters above sea level.

People have seen this frog in many protected parks: Yasuní National Park, Sangay National Park, Yachana Reserve, and Jatun Sacha Biological Station.

## Young

The male frog sits above the dead leaves on the ground and calls to the female frogs. The female frogs lays their eggs on the dead leaves on the ground.  After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. People change the places where the frog lives to make farms, make places for animals to eat grass, and make roads to dig for oil.  Bad chemicals from farms, humans' animals, and mining can also hurt the frog.
Federation of Jewish Communities in Hungary

The **Mazsihisz** (short for _Magyarországi Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége_) is the **Federation of Hungarian Jewish Communities**. It is the largest Jewish organization in Hungary, representing many Jewish communities across the country.

Mazsihisz helps preserve Jewish culture, history, and traditions in Hungary. It manages synagogues, cemeteries, and Jewish schools, and organizes religious services and events. The organization also supports Holocaust remembrance and works to combat antisemitism.

Mazsihisz works with other Jewish groups and international organizations to strengthen Jewish life and protect the interests of the Jewish community in Hungary.

## History

In 1950, the communist regime forced all Jewish religious groups and communities in Hungary to merge into one organization called the **Hungarian Israelite National Representation (MIOK)**. After the change of regime in 1991, Mazsihisz was formed from the restructuring of MIOK.

Mazsihisz’s president and executive director are elected every two years by the general assembly, which is made up of 12 members representing local communities from across Hungary and rabbis from Budapest.

The Federation of Hungarian Jewish Communities represents Hungarian Jewry in international Jewish organizations, including the World Jewish Congress, the European Jewish Congress, and the Claims Conference.

### Presidents

|Péter Feldmájer|1991–1999|
| --- | --- |
|Péter Tordai|1999–2003|
|András Heisler|2003–2005|
|Péter Feldmájer|2005–2013|
|András Heisler|2013–2023|
|Andor Grósz|2023–|

### Directors

|Gusztáv Zoltai|1991–2014|
| --- | --- |
|Péter Kunos|2014–|

## Infobox (organization)

- **native name**: Magyarországi Zsidó Hitközségek Szövetsége
- **native name lang**: hungarian
- **logo**: Israeli blue Star of David.svg
- **nickname**: Mazsihisz
- **type**: Non-governmental organization, NGO
- **headquarters**: Budapest
- **membership**: 121
- **membership year**: 2014
- **language**: Hungarian language, hungarian, hebrew
- **leader title**: president
- **leader name**: Grósz Andor
- **website**: https://mazsihisz.hu/en
Adeline Magloire Chancy

**Adeline Magloire Chancy** (born 4 April 1931) is a Haitian educator, feminist, and politician. She is known for her works in making Haitian Creole as a valid language. Chancy is a founding member of the Haitian Creole Academy. She was Haiti's minister for the feminine condition and women's rights from 2004 to 2006.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Adeline Magloire Chancy
- **image**: Adeline Chancy2.jpg
- **alt**: Adeline Chancy
- **caption**: Adeline Chancy in 2018
- **office**: Ministry on the Status and Rights of Women in Haiti, Minister on the Status and Rights of Women in Haiti
- **term start**: 29 February 2004
- **term end**: 14 May 2006
- **president**: Boniface Alexandre
- **primeminister**: Gérard Latortue
- **successor**: Marie-Laurence Josselyn Lassègue
- **birth name**: Adeline Magloire
- **birth place**: Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Péter Magyar

**Péter Magyar** (; born 16 March 1981) is a Hungarian politician and lawyer. He is the President of the Respect and Freedom (Tisza) Party, Hungary's largest opposition party, since 2024. He has been a member of the European Parliament since July 2024. He has been a critic of Viktor Orbán and was a member of his Fidesz party until 2024.

His great-uncle Ferenc Mádl was President of Hungary from 2000 to 2005.

From 2006 until their divorce in 2023, Magyar was married to politician Judit Varga. They had three children.

## Other websites

- Official movement

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Péter Magyar
- **honorific suffix**: Member of the European Parliament, MEP
- **image**: Péter Magyar MEP (2024).jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **birth place**: Budapest, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungary
- **party**: TISZA – Respect and Freedom Party, TISZA (since 2024)
- **otherparty**: Fidesz (2002–2024)
- **children**: 3
- **relatives**: Ferenc Mádl (great-uncle)
- **nickname**: MP
- **office**: President of Respect and Freedom Party
- **termstart**: 22 July 2024
- **office1**: Member of the European Parliament
for Hungary (European Parliament constituency), Hungary
- **termstart1**: 16 July 2024
- **predecessor**: Attila Szabo
Judit Varga (politician)

**Judit Varga** (pronunciation: , born 10 September 1980) is a Hungarian lawyer and retired politician. She was the Minister of Justice from her appointment in July 2019 until her resignation in June 2023.

In 2022, she was elected to the National Assembly.

From 2006 until their divorce in 2023, Varga was married to politician Péter Magyar.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Judit Varga
- **image**: Varga Judit 2020 wikipedia.jpg
- **caption**: Varga in 2020
- **office**: Minister of Justice (Hungary), Minister of Justice
- **primeminister**: Viktor Orbán
- **term start**: 12 July 2019
- **term end**: 31 July 2023
- **predecessor**: László Trócsányi
- **successor**: Bence Tuzson
- **birth place**: Miskolc, People's Republic of Hungary, Hungary
- **party**: Fidesz
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: Nürtingen-Geislingen University of Applied Science
University of Miskolc
- **office2**: Member of the National Assembly (Hungary), National Assembly
- **termstart2**: 2 May 2022
- **termend2**: 16 February 2024
- **office3**: Minister of State for European Union Relations
- **termstart3**: 22 May 2018
- **termend3**: 11 July 2019
- **nationality**: Hungarian
Pázmány Péter Catholic University

**Pázmány Péter Catholic University** (**PPCU**) (_PPKE_)) is a private university in and near Budapest, Hungary. The university belongs to the Catholic Church. It was founded in 1635. It is one of Hungary's oldest and most well known institutions of higher education.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Pázmány Péter Catholic University
- **native name**: Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem
- **image name**: Logo univpazmany.svg
- **image size**: 150px
- **type**: Private university, Private
- **faculty**: 546 (2013/14)
- **rector**: Géza Kuminetz
- **head label**: Chancellor (education), Great Chancellor
- **head**: János Székely
- **students**: 7,910 (2013/14)
- **city**: Budapest, Piliscsaba, Esztergom
- **country**: Hungary
- **campus**: Suburban: 52 acre
- **affiliations**: International Research Universities Network, IRUN
 IFCU/FIUC
 FUCE
 CEECU
 International Association of Universities, IAU
 DRC
 REVACERN
 European Language Council, ELC
 European Association for International Education, EAIE
Baptist Church of Hungary

The **Baptist Church of Hungary**  is a Christian denomination in Hungary. Baptists believe in baptism by immersion, meaning people are baptized by being fully submerged in water. They also emphasize the importance of personal faith, the Bible, and the freedom of individuals to make their own decisions about religion.

## History

Baptism is a religious movement that brings back and renews the teachings of the Anabaptists, who were part of the 16th century Reformation. The Hungarian Baptists are a Protestant community with more than 160 years of history. The first Baptists appeared in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1846.

Around 2010, the Baptist Church of Hungary was one of the largest churches in Hungary. According to the denominational census published in 2020, there were 299 congregations and 11,406 members in the country.

## Infobox (christian denomination)

- **icon**: Baptista_icon.svg
- **website**: https://www.baptist.hu/
- **name**: Baptist Church of Hungary
- **native name**: Magyarországi Baptista Egyház
- **native name lang**: hungarian
- **language**: Hungarian language, hungarian
- **main classification**: Protestantism
- **scripture**: Bible
- **members**: 11 406 (2020)
- **headquarters**: Budapest
- **founded date**: 1846
- **founded place**: Hungary
- **theology**: Baptist
- **associations**: Baptist World Alliance
Chris Hoy

**Sir Christopher Andrew Hoy** (born 23 March 1976) is a former track cyclist and racing driver. He represented Great Britain at the Olympic and World Championships and Scotland at the Commonwealth Games. Hoy has won six gold medals at the Summer Olympics during his career and two gold medals at the Commonwealth Games.

## Early life

Hoy was born and raised in Edinburgh. He studied at George Watson's College and at the University of St Andrews, where he studied Mathematics and Physics until 1996. He later transferred to the University of Edinburgh.

## Cycling career

Hoy was inspired to cycle at age six because of the 1982 movie _E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial_. Hoy says the BMX bike he saw in the movie is what inspired him to start cycling.

Hoy has won six gold medals during the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He has also won eleven gold medals, eight silver medals and six bronze medals at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships between 1999 and 2012.

Hoy won two gold medals and two bronze medals at the Commonwealth Games in 2002 and 2006.

In 2005, Hoy was appointed a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE) "for services to cycling" in the New Year Honours. In 2009, he was appointed Knight Bachelor in the New Year Honours "for services to Sport".

On 18 April 2013, Hoy announced his retirement from competitive cycling.

## Personal life

Hoy is married to Sarra Kemp, Lady Hoy, a lawyer from Edinburgh. They were married in 2010. They have two children, a son and a daughter.

Hoy's autobiography was published in 2009. Hoy's first two children's fiction books, about a young cyclist called Flying Fergus, were published in 2016. In 2020, Hoy published another children's book titled _Be Amazing_.

### Illness

In September 2023, Hoy was diagnosed with stage 4 prostate cancer. In October 2024, he said the disease was terminal.

## Infobox (cyclist)

- **name**: Sir Chris Hoy
<small></small>
- **image**: UCI Track World Championships 2020 110 (2).jpg
- **caption**: Hoy in 2020
- **fullname**: Christopher Andrew Hoy
- **birth place**: Edinburgh, Scotland
- **discipline**: Track
- **role**: Rider
- **amateuryears1**: 1984–1986
- **amateurteam1**: Scotia BMX
- **amateuryears2**: 1986–1991
- **amateurteam2**: GT Factory BMX Team
- **amateuryears3**: 1992–1993
- **amateurteam3**: Dunedin CC
- **amateuryears4**: 1994–2001
- **amateurteam4**: City of Edinburgh Racing Club, City of Edinburgh RC
- **amateuryears5**: 2001–2003
- **amateurteam5**: Team Athena
- **amateuryears6**: 2004
- **amateurteam6**: Team Persil
- **amateuryears7**: 2005–2007
- **amateurteam7**: Team Wolfson Microelectronics / Miller
- **proyears1**: 2008–2013
Matteo Pessina

**Matteo Pessina** (born 21 April 1997) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a Midfielder for Monza in the Serie A and Italy National football Team.

## Club Career

He joined Monza in 2013 and He beat Pordenone 6-3 In 30 May 2015.

On 30 June 2015 He joined AC Milan.

On August 2015 He joined Lecce on loan.

On January 2016 He joined Catania on loan.

On Summer 2016 He joined Como on loan.

On 7 July, 2017 He joined Atalanta.

On 25 August 2017 He joined Spezia on loan.

On 2023 He joined Monza back.

## International Career

On 20 June 2021 He did beat Wales 1-0 in UEFA Euro 2020 Matches.

On 26 June 2021 He scored a goal and beat Austria in extra time 2-1 in UEFA Euro 2020 Matches.

On 11 July 2021 He beat England with penalty shootout 1-1 and 3-2 in Penalty Shootout He won in UEFA Euro 2020.

## Honours

**Italy U20**
- FIFA U-20 World Cup 3rd: 2017.

**Italy**
- UEFA European Championship: 2020.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Matteo Pessina
- **image**: Matteo Pessina (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Matteo Pessina in 2018
- **full name**: Matteo Pessina
- **birth place**: Monza, Italy
- **height**: 1.87 m
- **position**: Midfielder (association football), Midfielder
- **currentclub**: AC Monza, Monza
- **clubnumber**: 32
- **youthyears1**: 2002-2007
- **youthclubs1**: La Dominante
- **youthyears2**: 2007-2014
- **youthclubs2**: AC Monza, Monza
- **years1**: 2013–2015
- **clubs1**: AC Monza, Monza
- **caps1**: 22
- **goals1**: 6
- **years2**: 2015–2017
- **clubs2**: AC Milan
- **caps2**: 0
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2015-2016
- **clubs3**: → US Lecce, Lecce (loan)
- **caps3**: 3
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2016
- **clubs4**: → Calcio Catania, Catania (loan)
- **caps4**: 1
- **goals4**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2015-2016
- **nationalteam1**: Italy national under-19 football team, Italy U19
- **nationalcaps1**: 4
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2016-2017
- **nationalteam2**: Italy national under-20 football team, Italy U20
- **nationalcaps2**: 12
- **nationalgoals2**: 1
- **nationalyears3**: 2017-2018
- **nationalteam3**: Italy national under-21 football team, Italy U21
- **nationalcaps3**: 7
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
- **club-update**: 16:53, 25 December 2024 (UTC)
- **nationalteam-update**: 16:53, 25 December 2024 (UTC)
- **years5**: 2016-2017
- **clubs5**: → Como 1907, Como (loan)
- **caps5**: 36
- **goals5**: 9
- **years6**: 2017-2023
- **clubs6**: Atalanta B.C., Atalanta
- **caps6**: 67
- **goals6**: 3
- **years7**: 2017-2018
- **clubs7**: → Spezia Calcio, Spezia (loan)
- **caps7**: 38
- **goals7**: 2
- **years8**: 2019-2020
- **clubs8**: → Hellas Verona FC, Hellas Verona (loan)
- **caps8**: 35
- **goals8**: 7
- **years9**: 2022-2023
- **clubs9**: → AC Monza, Monza (loan)
- **caps9**: 35
- **goals9**: 5
- **years10**: 2023-
- **clubs10**: AC Monza
- **caps10**: 47
- **goals10**: 6
- **nationalteam4**: Italy national football team, Italy
- **nationalyears4**: 2020-
- **nationalcaps4**: 16
- **nationalgoals4**: 5
Rex Williams

**Desmond Rex Williams**  (born 20 July 1933) is an English retired professional billiards and snooker player. He was born in Halesowen, England. Williams won the World Professional Billiards Championship in 1968. He kept the title in the 1970s and lost it to Fred Davis in 1980. He won the title again from 1982 to 1983.

He was an important figure in the creation of the World Snooker Championship. At the 1986 Grand Prix, aged 53, he became the oldest player to reach a ranking tournament final.

Williams was awarded the British Empire Medal in the 2020 Birthday Honours for services to snooker and billiards.
Sony Entertainment

**Sony Entertainment** is an umbrella division of Sony. The company was founded in 2012 to manage Sony's music, film and television. It is managed by Sony's American subsidiary.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Sony Entertainment, Inc.
- **logo**: Sony logo.svg
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **industry**: Entertainment
- **hq location city**: New York City
- **hq location country**: United States
- **key people**: Kenichiro Yoshida (chairman and Chief executive officer, CEO)
- **num employees**: 18,000
- **parent**: Sony Corporation of America
- **subsid**: Sony Pictures, Sony Pictures Entertainment
Sony Music Group
Luz Banzon Magsaysay

**Luz Banzon Magsaysay** (b. June 25, 1914 — d. August 17, 2004) was the wife and widow of President Ramon Magsaysay and the seventh First Lady of the Philippines.

As the wife of the President, Luz Magsaysay was active in many socio-civic programs, especially the Philippine National Red Cross where she was honorary Chairwoman for several years. She is remembered as one of the most admired First Ladies and distinguished herself for her graciousness and kindness.

Magsaysay was widowed at the age of 43 when President Magsaysay died in a Douglas C-47 plane crash in 1957, three years and two months into his presidency, making it one of the shortest presidential term in Philippine history. She dedicated herself to the preservation of her husband's memory and lived an unpretentious life faithful to her husband's legacy.

## Death and legacy

She died on August 17, 2004, at the age of 90. In commemoration of her memory, a Barangay in Cebu City was named _Barangay Luz_ in the late 1960s; and _Barangay Luz Banzon_ in the municipality of Jasaan in Misamis Oriental province, was also named in her honor.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image name**: Luz Magsaysay (Malacanang photo) (cropped).jpg
- **name**: Luz Magsaysay
- **order**: 7th First Lady of the Philippines
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: December 30, 1953
- **term end**: March 17, 1957
- **president**: Ramon Magsaysay
- **predecessor**: Victoria Quirino-Delgado
- **successor**: Leonila Garcia
- **birth name**: Luz Rosauro Banzon
- **birth place**: Balanga, Bataan, Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
- **death place**: Quezon City, Philippines
- **restingplace**: Manila North Cemetery
- **children**: Teresita (1934–1979)
 Milagros (b. 1936)
Ramon Jr. (b. 1938)
Billie Lourd

**Billie Catherine Lourd** (born July 17, 1992) is an American actress. She is known for playing Chanel #3 in the Fox horror comedy series _Scream Queens_ (2015–2016) and for her roles in the FX horror anthology series _American Horror Story_ (2017–present). She also played Lieutenant Connix in the _Star Wars_ sequel trilogy (2015–2019).

Lourd is the only child of actress Carrie Fisher. She is the granddaughter of actress Debbie Reynolds and singer Eddie Fisher.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Billie Lourd
- **birth name**: Billie Catherine Lourd
- **image**: Billie Lourd 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Lourd in 2019
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **education**: Harvard-Westlake School
- **alma mater**: New York University (Bachelor of Arts, B.A.)
- **years active**: 2015–present
- **father**: Bryan Lourd
- **mother**: Carrie Fisher
- **children**: 2
Edi Gathegi

**Edi Mūe Gathegi** (born March 10, 1979) is a Kenyan-American actor. He is known for playing Dr. Jeffrey Cole in the television series _House_, as Cheese in the 2007 movie _Gone Baby Gone_, Laurent in the movies _Twilight_ and its sequel _The Twilight Saga: New Moon_, and as Darwin in _X-Men: First Class_.

He played Matias Solomon in the NBC television series _The Blacklist_ and in the crime thriller, _The Blacklist: Redemption_.

He played the role of Mister Terrific in the DC Universe movie _Superman_ (2025).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Edi Gathegi
- **image**: Edi_Gathegi.jpg
- **caption**: Gathegi in 2009
- **birth name**: Edi Mūe Gathegi
- **birth place**: Nairobi, Kenya
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 2006–present
- **spouse**: Adriana Marinescu (m. 2018)
Madame Alexander Doll Company

**Madame Alexander Doll Company** is an American manufacturer of collectible dolls. It was founded in 1923 by Beatrice Alexander in New York City. Their most popular doll, the 8-inch Wendy doll was introduced in the 1950s. There is also their first fashion doll, Cissy, and Pussycat, a vinyl baby doll.
Sony Music Group

**Sony Music Group** (**SMG**) is an American company that controls all of Sony's music publishing and recording. It is today the second largest music company after Universal Music Group.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Sony Music Group
- **logo**: Sony Music Group logo 2023.svg
- **logo caption**: Logo used since 2023
- **image**: Metropolitan Life North Building, Manhattan, New York City.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **image caption**: Headquarters in New York City
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **industry**: Music
- **genre**: Various
- **hq location**: Metropolitan Life North Building, 25 Madison Avenue
- **hq location city**: New York City
- **hq location country**: United States
- **key people**: Rob Stringer (Chairman)
- **products**: Music
Entertainment
- **parent**: Sony Entertainment
- **divisions**: Sony Music Entertainment
Sony Music Publishing
Millennium (TV series)

**Millennium** is an American television show on Fox from October 25, 1996 to May 21, 1999.
imdb
Innocence (Nero song)

**Innocence (Nero song)** is a song by the music group, Nero.
Innocence

On April 2, 2010, a music video for the song "Innocence" was initially uploaded to YouTube.