juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Atheris

**Atheris** is a genus of venomous vipers found only in rain forest areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. There are currently eight species found. Atheris are commonly known as "_Bush Vipers_". They are all arboreal (meaning they live in trees), but they can sometimes be seen on the ground.

## Description

Bush Vipers are small snakes, with adults growing to the size of around 40 to 78 cm. They all have broad, triangular heads with large eyes and a slender body.

## Where they live

The Bush Viper lives in rain forest areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, far from humans, but some Bush Vipers are threatened because of habitat loss.

thumb | right | 250px | The head of a Variable Bush Viper

## Feeding

Bush Vipers eat small amphibians like frogs, and toads, reptiles like lizards and other snakes, rodents and birds. They ambush their prey by hanging on to a branch of a tree, waiting for a prey to come close, then jump on the prey and inject venom, and then swallow it. Some Bush Vipers in zoos only eat mice and small birds, but there have been reports on some eating each other.

## Reproduction

All Bush Vipers are viviparous, meaning they give live birth. They mate between September and November, and females give to their young in March or April.

## Venom

The venom of Bush Vipers is hemotoxic, it causes pain, swelling, and stop blood clotting. There is no antivenom, but there has been reports on Echis antivenom working on some Bush Viper's bites.

## Species

- Atheris anisolepis
- Horned Bush Viper, _A. ceratophora_
- Western Bush Viper, _A. chlorechis_
- Mount Kenya Bush Viper, _A. desaixi_
- Spiny Bush Viper, _A. hispida_
- Upemba Bush Viper, _A. katangensis_
- Mount Mabu Bush Viper, _A. mabuensis_
- Matilda's Bush Viper, _A. matildae_
- Great Lakes Bush Viper, _A. nitschei_
- Variable Bush Viper, _A. squamigera_
Maristes Valldemia

The **Maristes Valldemia** school (aka: **Col·legi Maristes Valldemia**, **Col·legi Valldemia** or **Valldemia**), is in Mataró, Province of Barcelona - Catalonia (Spain). It is a Catholic school run by Marist Brothers. It is dedicated to Our Lady the Virgin of the Candle. _Fundació Champagnat, Fundació Privada_ owns the school.

The school was founded in 1855 by three Piarists related persons: the priest Ermengol Coll de Valldemia, Pelegrí Ferrer and Ramon Cuspinera. Its first name was  «Colegio de Cataluña», and it was on the land of a traditional Catalan manor named _Can Miralpeix_. The school's aim was to provide a modern and Christian education. After 1858, the school was known as «» (in Catalan) or «» (in Spanish). In 1888 the school was given to the Marist Brothers to run. From 2012 the official name is **Maristes Valldemia**.

The main building was designed by the architect Jeroni Boada, and later improved in 1911 by Josep Goday i Casals (who used to be an student at the school, and founder member of the Alumni Association).

The school received its first international recognition at the Paris Exposition of 1900, a Gold Medal in recognition of quality education. During the years of the Spanish Civil War, Valldemia was converted into a hospital and blood bank.

Today, the school has 1200 students from ages 3 to 18, who are taught by a staff of 90 teachers.

## Alumni

- Josep Goday i Casals - Architect linked to Noucentisme
- Joan Pujol Garcia - WW2 British double agent aka “Garbo”
Phil Harris

**Wonga Philip Harris** (June 24, 1904 – August 11, 1995) was an American actor and comedian. As a voice actor he voiced: Baloo in _The Jungle Book_, Thomas O'Malley the Alley Cat in _The Aristocats_, Little John in _Robin Hood_ and Patou in _Rock-a-Doodle_. In 1995, he had a heart attack and later died in Rancho Mirage, California at age 91.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Phil Harris
- **birth name**: Wonga Philip Harris
- **birth place**: Linton, Indiana, U.S.
- **death place**: Rancho Mirage, California, U.S.
- **resting place**: Forest Lawn Cemetery (Cathedral City), Forest Lawn Cemetery, Cathedral City, California
- **nationality**: American
- **years active**: 1933–1991
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 3
Collide with the Sky

***Collide with the Sky*** is the third album by San Diego experimental rock group Pierce the Veil. It was released on July 27, 2012 under Fearless Records in the United States. The album's lead single "King for A Day" was released on June 5, 2012 for digital download and contemporary radio. The single features Sleeping With Sirens singer Kellin Quinn. The second single titled "Bulls in the Bronx" was released on June 25, 2012 for digital download. The band supported the album throughout the 2012 Van's Warped Tour in the summer.

## Track listing

1. "May These Noises Startle You In Your Sleep"
1. "Hell Above"
1. "A Match Into Water"
1. "King For A Day" <small>(featuring Kellin Quinn of Sleeping with Sirens)</small>
1. "Bulls In The Bronx"
1. "Props & Mayhem"
1. "Tangled In The Great Escape" <small>(featuring Jason Butler of Letlive.)</small>
1. "I'm Low On Gas and You Need A Jacket"
1. "The First Punch"
1. "One Hundred Sleepless Nights"
1. "Stained Glass Eyes and Colorful Tears"
1. "Hold On Till May" <small>(featuring Oh No, Fiasco)</small>

## Album artwork

According to Vic Fuentes, "the theme to the album artwork is 'jumping off of the ground that is breaking beneath you'. The idea is to inspire hope amongst the chaos that may be happening around you. If the ground was breaking beneath your feet, your first reaction may be to run and jump to safety, and it's that moment where you are suspended in the air that I am focusing on. A still frame where you're not sure if the person is falling or flying. It's about freeing yourself from the things that are breaking or falling apart in your life, and inspiring a sense of hope from the desperation".

## Reception

The album has been received rather well by critics. Alternative Press rated the album 4/5 stars saying "Collide with the Sky is PTV's best work to date". They praised the album for the power pop hooks on "Props & Mayhem", saying that you should download "Tangled in the Great Escape". AbsolutePunk commented that the album is "sure to continue Pierce the Veil's steady ascent to the top of their league", concluding that "[it] proves Pierce the Veil are seemingly still one step ahead of everyone else when it comes to concocting energetic slices of post-hardcore and that they won’t be dropping the ball any time soon."

### Pierce the Veil

- Vic Fuentes - lead vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards, piano
- Mike Fuentes - drums, percussion, backing vocals
- Jaime Preciado - bass guitar, unclean vocals
- Tony Perry - lead guitar

## Release history

The album was released in the United Kingdom on July 16, 2012. It was released in the United States on July 17, 2012 with the release of the bonus track "Hold On Till May", the acoustic version.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Collide with the Sky
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Pierce the Veil
- **recorded**: February–April 2012, at House of Loud, Elmwood Park, New Jersey, U.S.
- **genre**: Post-hardcore, experimental rock
- **label**: Fearless Records
- **producer**: Dan Korneff, Kato Khandwala, Vic Fuentes
- **prev title**: Selfish Machines
(2010)
Pedro Armendáriz Jr.

**Pedro Armendáriz, Jr.** (April 6, 1940 – December 26, 2011) was a Mexican actor and television actor.

## Early life

Armendáriz, Jr. was born on April 6, 1940 in Mexico City, Mexico, the son of actors Carmela (née Pardo) and to Pedro Armendáriz, Sr, both Mexican. His grandmother was from the United States. Armendáriz, Jr. was married to Mexican actress Ofelia Medina.

## Career

His career began in 1965 and is known for playing a small role with his father Armendáriz, Sr. in _Licence to Kill_ (1989). His final role was in the 2012 movie _Casa de Mi Padre_.

## Death

In November 2011 Armendáriz, Jr. was diagnosed with lung cancer. On December 26, 2011 Armendáriz, Jr. died in a Memorial Hospital in New York City, New York from eye cancer, aged 71. He was later buried in Panteón Jardín, Mexico City.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Pedro Armendáriz, Jr.
- **image**: Pedro Armendariz, Jr. 1973.JPG
- **caption**: Armendáriz in November 1973
- **birth name**: Pedro Armendáriz Bohr
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **death place**: New York City, New York, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: Mexican people, Mexican
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1965–2011
- **parents**: Pedro Armendáriz,
Carmelita (née Bohr) Armendáriz
- **spouse**: Lucia Gomez de Parada, then had relationships with actresses Ofelia Medina, and Luz Maria Jerez
Phyllis Diller

**Phyllis Ada Driver** (July 17, 1917 – August 20, 2012) was an American voice, movie and stage actress and comedian who makes self deprecating jokes about her age and her terrible cooking. She has performed in many movies and television programs.

## Early life

Diller was born on July 17, 1917 in Lima, Ohio. She was of German and Irish descent. She was educated at Bluffton College, she was the classmate of Hugh Downs.

## Career

Diller's career would begin in 1952 and would later appear in almost 100 of movies and television programs, her movie include; _The Fat Spy_, _The Boneyard_, _Happily Ever After_, _Silence of the Hams_, and in _A Bug's Life_. Her television programs appearances also include; _Alice Through the Looking Glass_, _The Pruitts of Southampton_ aka _The Phyllis Diller Show_, _The Muppet Show_, _Hey Arnold!_, _The Powerpuff Girls_ and as Peter Griffin's mother in _Family Guy_.

## Personal life

Diller married Sherwood Anderson Diller from 1939 to 1965. Second and thirdly, she married Warde Donovan from 1965 to 1966, and again they married until they divorced again in 1974. She had a partner Robert P. Hastings from 1985 until his death in 1996. She had six children with her first husband.

### Death

Diller died of heart failure in Los Angeles, California on August 20, 2012.
Sherman Hemsley

**Sherman Alexander Hemsley** (February 1, 1938 – July 24, 2012) was an American actor, singer and comedian.

## Early life

Hemsley was born on February 1, 1938 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to and was raised in South Philadelphia by his mother, who was a factory worker. He left school to join the Air Force, where he served in for four years. Later he returned to Philadelphia where he worked in a post office during the day and at night he went to acting classes. Later he moved to New York still working for the post office during the day and at night he went to acting classes.

## Career

Hemsley's career began when he starred in a 1970 Broadway play in _Purlie_ as Gitlow. Hemsley's television career began in 1970 in the television series _All in the Family_. And his first movie was in the 1979 movie _Love at First Bite_. Hemsley is mostly known as for his role as George Jefferson on the CBS in television series _The Jeffersons_, and as Deacon Ernest Frye on the NBC series _Amen_. He also played Earl Sinclair's horrifying boss, and a Triceratops in Jim Henson's ABC sitcom _Dinosaurs_.

## Personal life and death

Hemsley was a smoker and never married. Hemsley lived in El Paso, Texas and died there after he was found in his home on July 24, 2012. The cause of his death was a lung tumor caused by Superior Vena Cava Syndrome, aged 74. Hemsley was cremated.

## Filmography

- _Love at First Bite_ (1979)
- _Stewardess School_ (1986)
- _Ghost Fever_ (1987)
- _Club Fed_ (1990)
- _Mr. Nanny_ (1993)
- _Home of Angels_ (1994)
- _The Misery Brothers_ (1995)
- _Sprung_ (1997)
- _Senseless_ (1998)
- _Jane Austen's Mafia!_ (1998)
- _Up, Up, and Away_ (2000)
- _Screwed_ (2000)
- _For the Love of a Dog_ (2007)
- _Hanging in Hedo_ (2008)
- _American Pie Presents: The Book of Love_ (2009)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sherman Hemsley
- **image**: Sherman Helmsley 1239819.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Hemsley in December 1999
- **birth name**: Sherman Alexander Hemsley
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: El Paso, Texas,  U.S.
- **resting place**: Fort Bliss National Cemetery
- **death cause**: Lung cancer, Lung tumor caused by Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1968–2011
- **notable works**: **George Jefferson** in _The Jeffersons_,
**Deacon Ernest Frye** in _Amen_
- **signature**: ShermanHemsleySignature.svg
Gangster Squad

***Gangster Squad*** is a 2013 movie about the Mafia. It stars Emma Stone and Nick Nolte. This crime picture was to have been released in September, 2012.  After the 2012 Aurora shooting certain scenes had to be removed and this caused a delay. The movie has been released January 11, 2013 by Warner Bros.

## Other websites

- Roger Ebert Website review in Chicago Sun-Times
Frontiers of the Roman Empire

**Frontiers of the Roman Empire** is a World Heritage Site. The site includes three walls in different parts of Europe. They were part of the frontiers of the Roman Empire.
- Hadrian's Wall
- Antonine Wall
- Limes Germanicus

## Limes

**Limes** (plural: 'Limites') is the Latin name of walls at the border of the Roman empire. There were many such fortifications.

The Latin word has a number of meanings, but the most common one is border.

The term _limes_ was used by Roman writers to describe paths, walls, boundary stones, rivers marking a boundary, but its meaning was not the same as the modern boundary.

Some notable examples of Roman _limites_ are:
- _Limes Arabicus_  the frontier of the Roman province of Arabia Petraea facing the desert
- _Limites Britannicus_  Hadrian's Wall; Antonine Wall
- _Limes Germanicus_  Upper Germanic & Rhaetian _Limes_
- _Limes Saxoniae_   a medieval _limes_ in Holstein
- _Limes Tripolitanus_  the frontier in modern Libya facing the Sahara

## Other websites

- _Verein Deutsche Limes-Straße_
- _Römische Militärbauten und -anlagen_
- Frontiers of the Roman Empire : UNESCO Official Website
Frank Ocean

**Christopher Francis Ocean** (born **Christopher Edwin Breaux**; October 28, 1987) known professionally as **Frank Ocean,** is an American singer, songwriter, and rapper. He was born in Long Beach, California and moved to New Orleans, Louisiana when he was five. Ocean made an early career as a ghostwriter for artists such as, Brandy, Justin Bieber, Beyonce, and John Legend. In 2010, he became a member of Odd Future.  His first mixtape, _Nostalgia, Ultra_, was released in 2011.

In 2012, BBC said that Ocean finished second place in its Sound of 2012 poll. Ocean appeared at Coachella.  He was scheduled for Lollapalooza at the end of his 2012 summer tour. His first studio album, _channel ORANGE_, was a digital download only on iTunes for one week.  Then it was a full release on July 17, 2012. It was nominated for six Grammy Awards.

Ocean won the 2013 Brit Award for International Male Solo Artist.

In August 2016, Ocean released his second studio album, _Blonde_.

## Personal life

Ocean was one of the first major hip-hop/R&B artists to say that he had a same-sex relationship.

### Albums

- _Channel Orange_ (2012)
- _Endless_ (2016)
- _Blonde_ (2016)

### Awards and nominations

|Year|Organization|Award|Result||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2012|BBC|Sound of 2012|style="background:lightgrey"|Second|
|2012|Grammy Award|International Album of the Year|style="background:lightgrey"|Nominated|

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **origin**: New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
- **past member of**: Odd Future


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frank Ocean
- **image**: Frank Ocean 2022 Blonded.jpg
- **caption**: Frank Ocean in 2021
- **alt**: Portrait of Frank Ocean
- **birth name**: Christopher Edwin Breaux
- **birth place**: Long Beach, California, U.S
- **years active**: 2005–present
- **nationality**: American
- **organization**: Homer (brand), Homer
- **works**: Frank Ocean discography, Discography
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Frank Ocean, Full list
Dabry's sturgeon

**Dabry's sturgeon**, also known as the **Yangtze sturgeon** (_Acipenser dabryanus_), is a member of the family Acipenseridae and the order Acipenseriformes.

The fish is thought to have lived at the same time as dinosaurs.  It may have lived as long as 140 million years ago. Because of that, it is sometimes called a living fossil. It is an animal carefully protected by the Chinese government.  It is named a "national treasure" much like the Giant Panda.

The fish can be between  in body length.  It can weigh  on average. A grown-up sturgeon measures up to  long, and weighs over .  This makes it the third biggest only to the White sturgeon and Atlantic sturgeon.

Sturgeon are anadromous.  This means they spawn in fresh water and migrate to salt water to mature.

It lives on the main streams of the Yangtze River and coastal regions of Qiantang River, Minjiang River and Pearl River.

## Other websites

- Fishbase
Chad Everett

**Raymon Lee Cramton** or **Chad Everett** (June 11, 1937 – July 24, 2012) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Dr. Joe Gannon in the television drama _Medical Center_.

## Early life

Everett was born **Raymon Lee Cramton** on June 11, 1937 in South Bend, Indiana, to Virdeen (née Hopper) and Harry Clyde "Ted" Everett. He was raised in Dearborn, Michigan. Everett was educated at Fordson High School and at Wayne State University.

## Career

Everett has appeared in shows including _Cold Case_, _Medical Center_, _Supernatural_, _Malibu_, and movies including: _Aiplane II: The Sequel_, _The Firechasers_, _Made in Paris_, and _The Impossible Years_.

## Personal life and death

Everett was married to actress Shelby Grant from 1966 until her death in 2011. Everett had 2 children. Everett died of lung cancer on July 24, 2012 in Los Angeles, California, aged 75.
Luca Signorelli

**Luca Signorelli** (probably born in 1441 or 1445, died 16 October 1523 in Corona, Italy) was an Italian painter. He was also called **Luca d'Egidio di Ventura** and **Luca da Cortona**. He is one of the most important painters of the Renaissance in Italy. He was good at painting perspective. One of the techniques he used is called _foreshortening_ - with it a distance appears shorter than it actually is, because the object painted is shown at an angle. From 1499 to 1503, he painted a series of frescoes in Orvieto Cathedral, called _the Last Judgement_. This is what he is remembered for most.
CGI

**CGI** is an abbreviation, that can stand for:
- Computer-generated imagery - using computer graphics in movies
- Common Gateway Interface - a technology used on web servers
Bitis

**Bitis** is a genus of venomous vipers found in Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. This group contains the largest and smallest vipers in the world. There are currently 14 species found. Bitis are commonly known as the "African Adders", or the "African Viper".

## Description

Both the largest viper, and the smallest viper in the world belong in this group. The largest viper, the Gaboon Viper, grows up to the length of 2 meters, while the smallest viper, the Namaqua Dwarf Adder, grows up to the length of only 28 cm. All African Adders have wide, triangular heads, a large, rounded snout, and small eyes.

## Where they live

The African Adders are found in Africa, and the southern Arabian Peninsula.

## Behavior

African Adders are terrestrial (meaning they live and are found on the ground), and ambush their prey. They are slow, and sluggish, but they can bite their prey or enemy with amazing speed. African Adders are known for when being disturbed inflating their body, and hissing loudly. All African Adders are viviparous, meaning they give live birth. They eat small rodents like mice and rats, birds, amphibians like frogs and toads, other snakes

## Species

- Puff Adder, _B. arietans_
- Berg Adder, _B. atropos_
- Horned Adder, _B. caudalis_
- Many-horned Adder, _B. cornuta_
- Gaboon Viper, _B. gabonica_
- Angolan Adder, _B. heraldica_
- Plain Mountain Adder, _B. inornata_
- Rhinoceros Viper, _B. nasicornis_
- Ethiopian Mountain Adder, _B. parviocula_
- Peringuey's Desert Adder, _B. peringueyi_
- Red Adder, _B. rubida_
- Namaqua Dwarf Adder, _B. schneideri_
- Kenya Horned Viper, _B. worthingtoni_
- Desert Mountain Adder, _B. xeropaga_
Computer-generated imagery

**Computer-generated imagery** (**CGI**) is using computer graphics, especially in movies. These images are used for special effects, simulation, and commercials, amongst others. Sometimes the technology is used to produce a static background, which is then merged into the image; at other times it is used to produce animations in 2D or 3D. In its broadest sense, a computer-generated image (CGI) can be defined as any image that is created with the use of a computer-based processor or program. Because computers are widely used, both in image generating and in image processing, these images are pervasive—from billboard advertisements to film productions and photography.
Benjamin Morrell

** Benjamin Morrell**, (July 5, 1795 – 1839) was an American sea captain, navigator and explorer.

Between 1821 and 1823, he made four important trips, especially in the Southern Ocean, the Pacific Islands and the eastern shores of the Americas.

He wrote a memoir about his travels titled "_A Narrative of Four Voyages_" and, following the information provided, earned a bad reputation as a liar, because it contained inaccuracies and also contained a somewhat fanciful way of exposing their experiences.

## Infobox (_person)

- **name**: Benjamin Morrell
- **image**: Morrell.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **birth date**: July 5, 1795
- **birth place**: Westchester County, New York
- **death date**: 1839
- **death place**: Mozambique
- **occupation**: Explorer, Farmer, Magistrate
Donna Lewis

**Donna Lewis** (born August 6th 1973) is a Welsh singer who is best known for her hit single _I Love You Always Forever_. She released her first two albums under Atlantic Records although she now has an independent label. Lewis was born in Wales.
Brain Stew/Jaded

**Brain Stew**, A.K.A. **Jaded** is a song by the punk rock band Green Day. The song was on their fourth studio album _Insomniac_ in the year 1995.
Paula Cole

**Paula Cole** (born April 5, 1968) is an American singer and songwriter. Her songs include _Where Have all the Cowboys Gone?_. Cole was born in the Boston area. She received a Grammy Award for "Best New Artist" in 1998 and released more albums over the years.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Paula Cole
- **image**: Paula-Cole 2009.jpg
- **caption**: Cole performing in 2009
- **background**: solo_singer
- **origin**: Rockport, Massachusetts, United States, U.S.
- **genre**: Adult contemporary, pop rock, experimental music, art rock
- **instrument**: Vocals, piano, Keyboard instrument, keyboard
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **label**: Imago Records, Imago / Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros.<small> (1993–2003)</small>
Columbia Records, Columbia<small> (2003–2005)</small>
Decca Records, Decca<small> (2006–present)</small>
Eristicophis

**Eristicophis** is a monotypic genus made for the venomous viper species "_E. macmahonii_". It is found in the desert areas near the borders of Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. There are currently no subspecies recognized. The E. macmahonii is also known as the "_McMahon's Viper_", the "_Asian Sand Viper_", the "_Leaf-nosed Viper_", and the "_Whiskered Viper_".

## Description

The McMahon's Viper is a small species of snake, growing up to less than one meter. Males are smaller than females; males can grow up to the length of 22-40 cm, and females can grow up to the length of 28-72 cm. They are reddish-brown or yellowish brown in color.

## Where they live

The McMahon's Viper is found in the desert regions of Balochistan, near the borders of Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Typically lives up to 15 years in the wild.

## Behavior

The McMahon's Viper is said to be nocturnal, but some say it is crepuscular, meaning it is active during the early morning or late evening. It is able to sidewind on loose sand, and sometimes climbs into bushes. It is a aggressive snake, hissing very loudly when disturbed or annoyed, and sometimes it raising its head of the ground and starts striking aggressively. It is able to sink into the sand by moving in a rocking motion. When it sinks into the sand it leaves its eyes and snout sticking out of the sand.

## Feeding

The McMahon's Viper eats small lizards, small rodents like mice, and sometimes birds.

## Reproduction

The McMahon's Viper is oviparous, meaning it lays eggs. It lays around a dozen eggs at a time, and these eggs take around 6-8 weeks to hatch. When the eggs hatch the young are about 6 inches (15 cm) long.

## Venom

Not much is known about the McMahon's Viper venom, but some say it is similar to the venom of the Echis.
Macrovipera

**Macrovipera** is a genus of venomous vipers, found in semi-deserts of North Africa, Middle East, and Milos Archipelago in the Aegean Sea. Macrovipera are commonly known as the "_Large Palearctic Vipers_". The Large Palearctic Viper is responsible for many bites in Africa and western Asia each year. There are four species currently found.

## Description

Besides the Milos Viper, all the vipers in this group grow up to the length 1.5 meters.

## Where they live

The Large Palearctic Viper lives in dry regions of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunis in North Africa, east to Pakistan, Kashmir, and India, north to Milos Archipelago in the Aegean Sea, and Armenia and Dagestan in Russia.

## Species

- Desert Viper, _M. deserti_
- Blunt-nosed Viper, _M. lebetina_
- Moorish Viper, _M. mauritanica_
- Milos Viper, _M. schweizeri_
Atropoides

**Atropoides** is a genus of venomous Pit vipers found in Mexico and Central America. There are currently three species found. Atropoides are also known as the "_Jumping Pit vipers_" or the "_Jumping Vipers_".

## Description

Jumping Vipers grow up to the length of around 90 centimeters (36 inches), while the longest ever found was 120.2 centimeters (47 in). All of them are thick-bodied, with the Mexican Jumping Pit viper being the thickest, and the Picado's Jumping Pit viper being the slimmest. It has a large head, with small eyes, and a rounded snout, it also has a short tail. They are gray-brown, reddish brown or black in color with brown blotches on them.

## Where they live

The Jumping Vipers are found on the mountains of east Mexico, the lowlands of Central America, and Panama.

## Behavior

Even though this snake is known as the "Jumping Viper" they do not really jump, but some say when they attack an enemy or prey they strike at such a force they actually leave the ground. They are slow moving and are not very aggressive snakes. They are active during both night and day, but those which are found on high altitudes are usually active at day time.

## Feeding

Adult Jumping Vipers eat mainly small mammals and lizards, while young Jumping Vipers eat orthopterans, and skinks.

## Species

- Mexican Jumping Pit Viper, _A. nummifer_
- Tuxtlan Jumping Pit Viper, _A. olmec_
- Picado's Jumping Pit Viper, _A. picadoi_
Shawn Colvin

**Shawn Colvin** (born January 10, 1956 in Vermillion, South Dakota) is a singer-songwriter and a musician. She began her career in the 1980s, though it was not until 1997 that she became mainstream: her song "Sunny Came Home" (from her album _A Few Small Repairs_) was number one on the _Billboard_ Adult Pop Songs chart in August 1997. Colvin released more records during the late 1990s, 2000s and 2010s.
TRS-80

The **TRS-80** is a computer made by Tandy Corporation sold by Radio Shack. It was realeased in 1977, it is based on the Zilog CPU

## Infobox (information appliance)

- **image**: TRS-80 Model I - Rechnermuseum Cropped.jpg
- **caption**: TRS-80 Model I with Expansion Interface
- **type**: Home computer
- **discontinued**: January 1981
- **cpu**: Zilog Z80 @ 1.78 MHz
- **memory**: 4 Kilobyte, KB ~ 48 KB
Cheryl Ladd

**Cheryl Ladd** (born **Cheryl Jean Stoppelmoor**, July 12, 1951 in Huron, South Dakota) is an American actress. Ladd is known for many television series and many movies. She is best known for her role as Kris Munroe in _Charlie's Angels_. She was with the show until 1981.
Andrea True

**Andrea True** (born **Andrea Marie Truden**, July 26, 1943 - November 7, 2011) was an American porn star and a singer from the disco era of the 1970s. She is best known for her single "More, More, More". It was released in 1976. It peaked at #4 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100.

## Career

True was born in Nashville, Tennessee as Andrea Marie Truden. She moved to New York City during her teenage years. She wanted to seek fame as a movie star or singer. True sang in clubs. She got minor roles in mainstream movies from time to time. She was in movies, such as _The Way We Were_. But the fame she sought was fleeting. When some friends asked her to join them in a porn movie, True went along with the idea.

True acted in porn movies in Scandinavia in the 1960s. By the end of the decade, she began appearing in American adult movies. In the 1970s and 1980s, she acted in more than 50 hardcore porn movies in the early New York.

By the time of her singing career, True said she was getting tired of porn.

In early 1977, True released another song, "N.Y. You Got Me Dancing" from her follow-up studio album _White Witch_. The song was True's second biggest hit. It reached #27 on the American _Billboard_ pop chart.

True's third album, _War Machine_ (1980), failed. When that happened, she tried to return to porn. But at almost 40, she was too old to return. She also could not go back to music due to a goiter that had developed on her vocal cords.

## Death

Andrea True died of heart failure in Kingston, New York, where she was raised.
Chicago Board of Trade Building

The **Chicago Board of Trade Building** is a skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The Chicago Board of Trade Building is currently the 37th tallest building in Chicago. It stands , and has 44 floors. The building has a faceless statue of Ceres (goddess of agriculture) as a reference to the exchange's heritage as a commodity market.

## History

The Chicago Board of Trade Building was built in 1929 and finished in 1930. It is at 141 W. Jackson Boulevard at the foot of the LaSalle Street canyon, in the Chicago Loop community area in Cook County. It first became a Chicago landmark in May 4, 1977. The building was made a National Historic Landmark on June 2, 1978. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 16, 1978.

Originally built for the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), it is now the primary trading venue for the derivatives exchange, the CME Group, The CME Group was founded in 2007 when the Chicago Board of Trade and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange merged.

## Movies

The building has been featured in several movies, such as _Transformers: Dark of the Moon_, _Batman Begins_, _Ferris Bueller's Day Off_, and _The Dark Knight_. The building was featured as the outer part of the Daily Planet in the 2013 Superman movie _Man of Steel_.

## Related pages

- Chicago
- List of tallest buildings in Chicago
- List of tallest buildings in the United States

## Other websites

- Official Building Page from CBOT.com
Torrent salamander

The **torrent salamander** is a species of salamanders. They are also known as **Cascade salamanders**. They are part of the family Rhyacotritonidae. They live in the Pacific Northwest.

The genus is divided into four species
- Cascade Torrent Salamander (_Rhyacotriton cascadae_)
- Columbia Torrent Salamander (_Rhyacotriton kezeri_)
- Olympic Torrent Salamander (_Rhyacotriton olympicus_)
- Southern Torrent Salamander (_Rhyacotriton variegatus_)

## Other websites

- Tree of Life: Rhyacotritonidae
Wood frog

<small>_For other wood frogs, see Wood frog (disambiguation)._</small>

The **wood frog** (_Rana sylvatica_) is a species of frog. It is part of the family Ranidae. It lives in North America and is the state amphibian of New York. The wood frog hibernates during winter.

## Other websites

- USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
Desert froglet

The **desert froglet** (_Crinia deserticola_) is a species of frog. They are part of the Myobatrachidae family. They live in Australia. They live in savannas and deserts.

## Other websites

- Hero J.-M; Horner P. & Retallick R. 2004.  Crinia deserticola.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species   Downloaded on 23 July 2007.
Moor frog

The **Moor Frog**, **Wolterstorff's Frog**, **Swedish swamp frog**, **Siberian frog**, or **Altai swamp frog** (_Rana arvalis_) is a species of frog. It is part of the family Ranidae.  It lives in many parts of Europe and Asia, as far north as Siberia. It is skinny, reddish-brown and semi-aquatic amphibians.

## Other websites

- http://www.eol.org/pages/333000
- http://www.theanimalfiles.com/amphibians/frogs/moor_frog.html
- http://www.whose-tadpole.net/key-to-adult-amphibia/R-arvalis.htm
California tree frog

The **California tree frog** (_Pseudacris cadaverina_) is a species of tree frogs is a frog that live in California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico. They often look like stones because of their skin which helps them to camouflage. They have webbed feet and their skin is rough and looks like warts. They can reach up to 2.9 to 5 cm long.
Ensatina

***Ensatina*** is a genus of lungless salamanders. They are a complex of subspecies of _Ensatina  eschscholtzii_, found in forests in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California and Baja California,  Mexico.

## Ring species

The _Ensatina_ salamander is a ring species in the mountains around the Californian Central Valley. The complex forms a horseshoe shape around the mountains. Though interbreeding can happen between each of the 19 populations around the horseshoe, the _Ensatina eschscholtzii_ subspecies on the western end of the horseshoe cannot interbreed with the _Ensatina klauberi_ on the eastern end. It is an illustration of "nearly all stages in a speciation process" (Dobzhansky). Richard Highton argued that _Ensatina_ is a case of multiple species and not a continuum of one species.

## Subspecies

- Yellow Blotched Ensatina — _E. e. croceater_ <small>(Cope, 1868)</small>
- Monterey Ensatina — _E. e. eschscholtzii_ <small>Gray, 1850</small>
- Large Blotched Ensatina — _E. e. klauberi_ <small>Dunn, 1929</small>
- Oregon Ensatina — _E. e. oregonensis_ <small>(Girard, 1856)</small>
- Painted Ensatina — _E. e. picta_ <small>Wood, 1940</small>
- Sierra Nevada Ensatina — _E. e. platensis_ <small>(Jiménez de la Espada, 1875)</small>
- Yellow Eyed Ensatina — _E. e. xanthoptica_ <small>Stebbins, 1949</small>
Foothill yellow-legged frog

The **Foothill yellow-legged frog** (_Rana boylii_) is a species of frogs. They are part of the _Rana_ genus in the Ranidae family. They are small frogs only reaching 3.72-8.2 cm long. They are found in northern Oregon, California and Baja California in Mexico.
Rana

**Rana**:

- Rana (genus)
- Rana - a municipality in Nordland county in Norway
Centroleninae

**Centroleninae** is a subfamily of frogs. There are nine genera.

## Genera

- _Centrolene_ (27 species)
- _Chimerella_
- _Cochranella_ (~55 species)
- _Espadaranaa_
- _Nymphargus_ (30 species)
- _Rulyrana_
- _Sachatamia_
- _Teratohyla_
- _Vitreorana_
Dendrobatoidea

**Dendrobatoidea** is a superfamily of frogs. There are two family of frogs.

## Taxonomy

- Aromobatidae (Grant et al., 2006)
- Dendrobatidae (Cope, 1865)
Nahomi Kawasumi

is a Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team.

## Biography

Kawasumi was a member of the Japan national team that won the 2011 World Cup. She scored two goals during the tournament.

She played on the women's team which won a silver medal in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Her play was highlighted when she scored a crucial goal in her team's first match in the Olympic tournament.

## Statistics

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="2"|League|colspan="2"|Cup|colspan="2"|League Cup|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="5"|INAC Kobe Leonessa|2008|21|3|4|2|-|25|5|||
|2009|21|10|3|0|-|24|10|||||
|2010|18|8|4|2|5|2|27|12||||
|2011|16|12|4|2|-|20|14|||||

|colspan="3"|Japan national team||
| --- | --- | --- |
|2008|1|0|
|2009|2|0|
|2010|7|0|
|2011|13|6|
|2012|16|3|
|2013|11|3|
|2014|17|6|
|2015|11|1|
|2016|4|1|
|2017|0|0|
|2018|8|0|

## Other websites

- Japan Football Association

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Nahomi Kawasumi
- **image**: Nahomi Kawasumi in 2011.JPG
- **image size**: 200
- **caption**: Kawasumi at the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, 2011 World Cup
- **fullname**: Nahomi Kawasumi
- **birth place**: Yamato, Kanagawa, Yamato, Kanagawa Prefecture, Kanagawa, Japan
- **position**: Midfielder
- **currentclub**: Sky Blue FC
- **youthyears1**: 2001–2003
- **youthclubs1**: Yamato Sylphid
- **youthyears2**: 2004–2007
- **youthclubs2**: Nippon Sport Science University
- **years1**: 2008–2016
- **clubs1**: INAC Kobe Leonessa
- **caps1**: 155
- **goals1**: 60
- **years2**: 2014
- **clubs2**: →OL Reign, Seattle Reign FC (loan)
- **caps2**: 22
- **goals2**: 9
- **years3**: 2016–2018
- **clubs3**: OL Reign, Seattle Reign FC
- **caps3**: 48
- **goals3**: 9
- **years4**: 2019–
- **clubs4**: Sky Blue FC
- **caps4**: 19
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 2020
- **clubs5**: →INAC Kobe Leonessa (loan)
- **caps5**: 9
- **goals5**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2008–2018
- **nationalteam1**: Japan women's national football team, Japan
- **nationalcaps1**: 90
- **nationalgoals1**: 20
- **club-update**: end of the 2020 season
Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome

**Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome** (PANS) is the name of a disease that normally begins in childhood. It causes Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or tics. The symptoms begin very suddenly. If it is not treated at the beginning the disease can be there also in adults. The reason for PANS can be a bacteria called "Group A streptococcus" (PANDAS type) or an immunologic reaction to other pathogens like certain bacteria or viruses. (PITANDS type).

## Signs and symptoms

Patients suffering from PANS show sudden begin OCD and/or tics and at least two of these symptoms:

1. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or finding it hard to eat. This begins very suddenly and very intensely.
1. At the same time, more neuropsychiatric symptoms begin. These are just as quick and severe. The symptoms are from at least two of these categories:
    1. Fear with or without a reason (Anxiety)
    1. Problems with feelings and/or sadness (Depression)
    1. Aggression
    1. Behavioral regression (acting like a younger child)
    1. Problems in school
    1. Sensory or movement problems (e.g. suddenly bad handwriting)
    1. Other symptoms, including sleep problems, bed-wetting or using the toilet very often
1. Symptoms cannot be better explained by other illnesses such as Sydenham's chorea, systemic lupus erythematosus, Tourette disorder or others.

## Similar conditions

PANS shares symptoms with other diseases. Therefore diagnostic tests must be done to exclude other conditions like Sydenham's chorea, lupus erythematosus, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and Tourette syndrome.  Proof of acute rheumatic fever would exclude a PANS classification.

## Treatment

There is no direct treatment for PANS available yet. This means today only some of the symptoms can be treated. But scientists are already working to develop treatments with antibiotics and immune-based therapies that can heal the disease. Nevertheless early and consequent  treatment of the symptoms seems to be important. Otherwise the disease can become a lifelong problem.

## Other websites

- PANS/PANDAS Information - National Institute of Mental Health
- PANS/PANDAS Information provided by the International OCD Foundation
- NIMH Director's Blog
- From Research Subgroup to Clinical Syndrome: Modifying the PANDAS Criteria to Describe PANS (Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome)
- Harvard Health Publications about PANS/PANDAS
A.N.T. Farm

***A.N.T. Farm*** is an American sitcom. The first episode played on television on May 6, 2011. It continued as a regular series starting on June 17, 2011. The pilot episode, "TransplANTed" aired after the last episode of _The Suite Life on Deck_. The show was created by Dan Signer. He was a screenwriter and co-executive producer of _The Suite Life on Deck_. He also made the YTV series _Mr. Young_. Disney Channel approved the show in mid-November 2010. Production began in early 2011. The first promo was released during the premiere of _Lemonade Mouth_.

The show takes place in San Francisco, California. The show stars China Anne McClain, Sierra McCormick and Jake Short. They are middle school students in a gifted education program called the "Advanced Natural Talent" (or "A.N.T.") program. On November 30, 2011, _A.N.T. Farm_ was accepted for a second season. It started on June 1, 2012. The last show aired on March 21, 2014.

## Cast

- China Anne McClain as Chyna
- Sierra McCormick as Olive
- Jake Short as Fletcher
- Stefanie Scott as Lexi
- Carlon Jeffery as Cameron
- Aedin Mincks as Angus

## Episodes

|scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;" rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Season|scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;" rowspan="2"|Episodes|scope="col" style="padding:0 80px;" colspan="2"|Originally aired (U.S. dates)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|scope="row" style="background:#c33cff; color:#111;"||**1**|25|<small>(preview)</small> <small>(premiere)</small>||
|scope="row" style="background:#1E90FF; color:#111;"||**2**|20|||
|scope="row" style="background:#00ea73; color:#111;"||**3**|17|||

## Awards

|Year|Award|Category|Work|Result||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2011|J-14's Teen Icon Awards|Icon To Tomorrow|China Anne McClain - _A.N.T. Farm_|||
|rowspan=4|2012|Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|Favorite TV Actor|Jake Short||
|rowspan=3|Young Artist Award|Best Performance in a TV series - Supporting Young Actress|Stefanie Scott|||
|Best Performance in a TV series - Guest Starring Young Actress Ten and Under|Francesca Capaldi|||||
|Best Performance in a TV series - Recurring Young Actress 17-21|Allie DeBerry|||||

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: A.N.T.Farm.png
- **genre**: Musical movie, Musical
Teen sitcom
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **camera**: Videotape (Filmizing, filmized)
Multi-camera setup, Multi-camera
- **creator**: Dan Signer
- **opentheme**: "Exceptional" by China Anne McClain
- **endtheme**: "Exceptional" (instrumental)
- **theme music composer**: Toby Gad
Lindy Robbins
China Anne McClain
Lauryn McClain
Sierra McClain
- **composer**: Kenneth Burgomaster
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **network**: Disney Channel
- **num seasons**: 3
- **num episodes**: 62
- **list episodes**: List of A.N.T. Farm episodes
Williams syndrome

**Williams syndrome** is a genetic disorder that affects many parts of the body. The condition can cause facial features like a broad forehead, small chin, wide mouth, full cheeks, and a short, upturned nose, which have sometimes been described as “elfin” (elf-like). It usually causes a mild to moderate intellectual disability, which affects how people think and learn, and may especially affect visual spatial tasks like drawing. People with Williams syndrome usually have good verbal skills (speech) but often take longer than other children to learn how to speak. Many people with the condition have an outgoing and happy personality, enjoy socializing, and have a lot of empathy. Medical issues such as heart problems, teeth problems, and high blood calcium are common.

Williams syndrome is caused when one of about 27 genes is deleted from the long arm of one of the two copies of chromosome 7. This is usually a random event that happens when the sperm or egg that a person develops from is being formed. The different traits of Williams syndrome have been linked to the loss of specific genes. The diagnosis is usually suspected based on symptoms and proven by genetic testing.

The syndrome was first described in 1961 by New Zealander John C. P. Williams. It is a rare condition; around one in 7,500 to 20,000 people are born with it. Those with Williams syndrome have a lower life expectancy (number of years they are expected to live) than the general population, mostly because they are more likely to have heart disease.
Naomi Judd

**Naomi Judd** (born **Diana Ellen Judd**; January 11, 1946 – April 30, 2022) was an American country music singer, songwriter, and activist.

Judd was married to Michael Ciminella from 1964 to 1972.  She married Larry Strickland in 1989.
Naomi was the mother of Christina Ciminella (aka Wynonna Judd) and Ashley. Ashley is an American movie and stage actress. Naomi and daughter Wynonna formed a successful country singing duo called The Judds. That group ended after Naomi was diagnosed with hepatitis C in 1990. Judd was also a writer.

After her last tour, Judd had depression, anxiety, panic attacks, edema, baldness, tremors and suicidal thoughts.

Judd shot herself on April 30, 2022 in Franklin, Tennessee at the age of 76. She had mental health issues such as depression. The day after her death, The Judds were honored into the Country Music Hall of Fame.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals
- **genre**: country music, Country
- **years active**: 1983–91
1994–2022
- **associated acts**: The Judds
- **website**: [http://www.naomijudd.com naomijudd.com]


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Naomi Judd
- **image**: Naomi Judd AHA (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Naomi Judd in 2012
- **birth name**: Diana Ellen Judd
- **spouse**: Michael Ciminella ( 1964–72)
Larry Strickland ( 1989)
- **birth place**: Ashland, Kentucky, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Franklin, Tennessee, U.S.
Etsuko Inada

was a Japanese athlete.  She was best known as a figure skater.

Inada won the Japan Figure Skating Championships seven times.

Inada was a member of the Japan national team at the 1936 Winter Olympics.  At age 12, She was the youngest Japanese competitor in all Olympic games.

## Competitive highlights

- Winter Olympic Games, 1936
- World Figure Skating Championships, 1936
- European Figure Skating Championships, 1936
- Japan Figure Skating Championships, 1934-1935, 1936-1951

## Other websites

- Sports in Japan
- Japan at the Olympics
Farnaz Ghazizadeh

**Farnaz Ghazizadeh** (; born December 3, 1974 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian journalist, blogger, and BBC Persian Television presenter. She has been involved in BBC Persian Television.

## References

- BBC Persian TV – services

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Farnaz Ghazizadeh
- **image**: Farnaz Ghazizadeh.jpg
- **birthname**: Farnaz Ghazizadeh
- **employer**: BBC Persian
- **birth place**: Iran, Tehran
- **occupation**: Journalist, presenter, News presenter, newsreader
Spear-thrower

A **spear thrower** is a wooden tool used for throwing spears. It gives the human arm more leverage to build up the spear's velocity. This gives the spear more force and makes it go faster. Spear throwers were used in many civilisations. It was used by the Aztecs, who called it an _atlatl_. It is also used by Aboriginals in Australia, where it has become most widely known as a _woomera_ (the Dharuk name for it).

## Other websites

- Aboriginal technology
- World Atlatl Association Web Site