juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
42 (number)

**42** (**forty-two**) is a number. It comes between forty-one and forty-three, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, and 42.

42 is an extremely interesting number to mathematicians, because of its many features. For example:
1. It is the product of two consecutive integers (6 and 7), making it a **pronic number**.
1. It is the second **sphenic number**, the product of three distinct prime numbers.
1. It is an **abundant number**, the sum of its proper divisors is greater than the number itself.

There are at least a dozen more features of interest to number theory enthusiasts.

## Appearance in literature

"42" is the "Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything" in Douglas Adams' _The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy_ books.

The number makes regular appearances in Lewis Carroll's writings, such as in _The Hunting of the Snark_. Rule Forty-two in _Alice's Adventures in Wonderland_ is "All persons more than a mile high to leave the court". Charles Dodgson was a mathematician.

## Infobox (number)

- **number**: 42
Gautier, Mississippi

**Gautier** is a city along the Gulf of Mexico, west of Pascagoula, in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is part of the Pascagoula, Mississippi Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 19,024 at the 2020 census. Locally, the name is pronounced as "go-CHAY," reflecting its French origin. Descendants of the Gautier family, for whom it was named, still live in the area.

## Other websites

- Gautier official website
- Gautier Pride community website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Gautier, Mississippi
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: Jackson_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Gautier_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Gautier, Mississippi
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Mississippi
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Mississippi, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jackson County, Mississippi, Jackson
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 83.20
- **area land km2**: 78.37
- **area water km2**: 4.83
- **area total sq mi**: 32.12
- **area land sq mi**: 30.26
- **area water sq mi**: 1.86
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 19024
- **population density km2**: 242.76
- **population density sq mi**: 628.75
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation m**: 2
- **elevation ft**: 7
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 39553
- **area code**: Area code 228, 228
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 28-26860
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0670341
Pascagoula, Mississippi

**Pascagoula** is a city in Jackson County, Mississippi, United States. It is in the Gulfport-Biloxi, MS Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 22,010 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Jackson County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Pascagoula, Mississippi
- **official name**: City of Pascagoula
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in Mississippi, City
- **nickname**: Mississippi's Flagship City
- **motto**: "A Great Place to Live, Work & Play"
- **image skyline**: Pascagoula sign.jpg
- **image caption**: Welcome sign on U.S. Route 90
- **map caption**: Interactive map of Pascagoula
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Mississippi, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jackson County, Mississippi, Jackson
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jay Willis
- **leader party**: Republican Party (United States), R
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 63.48
- **area land km2**: 39.82
- **area water km2**: 23.66
- **area total sq mi**: 24.51
- **area land sq mi**: 15.38
- **area water sq mi**: 9.13
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 22010
- **population urban**: 51454 (US: List of United States urban areas, 495th)
- **population density km2**: 552.68
- **population density sq mi**: 1431.45
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation m**: 3
- **elevation ft**: 10
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 39567-39581
- **area code**: Area code 228, 228
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 28-55360
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0675480
43 (number)

**43** (**forty-three**) is a number. It comes between forty-two and forty-four, and is an odd number.  It is also the 14th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,  23,  29, 31, 37, and 41.

## Infobox (number)
44 (number)

**44** (**forty-four**) is a number. It comes between forty-three and forty-five, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 11, 22 and itself, 44.

### Chemistry

- Forty-four is the atomic number of ruthenium.

### Astronomy

- The saros number of the solar eclipse series which began on April 30, 1448 BC and ended on June 7, 168 BC.

## Infobox (number)
Sonoma County, California

**Sonoma County** is a county in the U.S. state of California. It is located north of the San Francisco Bay. It is the northernmost of the nine San Francisco Bay Area counties. Sonoma County is surrounded by 4 counties: Marin County to the south, Mendocino County to the north, Lake County to the northeast, and Napa County to the east. The county seat is in Santa Rosa.

Sonoma County was one of the original counties formed when California became a state in 1850.

The population was 488,863 in 2020.

## Cities

Some of the cities in Sonoma County include:
- Jenner
- Petaluma
- Santa Rosa
- Sonoma

## Related pages

- Sonoma Coast State Beach
- Sonoma County Transit

## Other websites

- Sonoma County Official Website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Sonoma County, California
- **settlement type**: County (United States), County
- **image caption**: Images, from top down, left to right: Bodega Bay, California, Bodega Bay, Sonoma Plaza, Fort Ross
- **image seal**: Seal of Sonoma County, California.png
- **motto**: "Agriculture, Industry, Recreation"
- **map caption**: Interactive map of Sonoma County
- **image map1**: Map of California highlighting Sonoma County.svg
- **mapsize1**: 200px
- **map caption1**: Location in the state of California
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of regions of California, Region
- **subdivision name2**: San Francisco Bay Area
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: February 18, 1850
- **named for**: the city of Sonoma, California, Sonoma
- **seat type**: County seat
- **seat**: Santa Rosa, California, Santa Rosa
- **government type**: Council–manager government, Council–Administrator
- **governing body**: Sonoma County Board of Supervisors
- **unit pref**: US
- **area total sq mi**: 1768
- **area land sq mi**: 1576
- **area water sq mi**: 192
- **population total**: 488863
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **area code**: Area code 707, 707
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **blank name sec1**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info sec1**: 06-097
- **blank1 name sec1**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **elevation max ft**: 4483
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time
- **utc offset dst**: −7
45 (number)

**45** (**forty-five**) is a number. It comes between forty-four and forty-six, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, and 45.

## Infobox (number)
46 (number)

**46** (**forty-six**) is a number. It comes between forty-five and forty-seven, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 23, and 46.

## In mathematics

- An even two-digit number.

- 46 = 2 6 + 2 3 + 2 2 + 2 1 46=2 6 +2 3 +2 2 +2 1 .

- 46 is a semiprime number.
- The 4th nonagonal number.

- The 6th centered triangular number.
- The 5th Erdős–Woods number.
- The 10th Wedderburn–Etherington number.
- 46 is the smallest even number 2 𝑘 2k such that the sum of the first 𝑘 k prime numbers is divisible by 2 𝑘 2k.
- The Tutte graph has 46 vertices.
- 46 is the largest even number for which no pair of abundant numbers sums to it.
- 46 = 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 46=10+11+12+13

## In biology

- The human karyotype (Homo sapiens) consists of 46 chromosomes.

## In computing

- 46 is the ASCII code for the full stop (period) character “.”

## In other fields

- Code 46, a science fiction romantic film directed by Michael Winterbottom.
- 46 is the international dialing code for Sweden.
- The first flag of Oklahoma, adopted in 1911, featured a white star outlined in blue on a red background; the number 46 appeared in the center of the star, signifying that Oklahoma was the 46th state admitted to the United States.

## Infobox (number)
Russian River

The **Russian River** is a river in the United States. It is the largest river and watercourse in Sonoma County, California. In addition to flowing through Sonoma, part of the river is also in Mendocino County, California. The mouth of the river is at the Pacific Ocean at Goat Rock Beach.
47 (number)

**47** (**forty-seven**) is a number. It comes between forty-six and forty-eight, and is an odd number.  It is also the 15th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,  23,  29, 31, 37, 41, and 43.

## Infobox (number)
Halimede (moon)

**Halimede** is a non-spherical moon of Neptune. It was found by Matthew J. Holman _et al._ on August 14, 2002.

Halimede follows a very inclined and very eccentric orbit seen on the image in relation to other non-spherical moons of Neptune.

Halimede is about 62 kilometres in diameter (assuming an albedo of 0.04) and appears neutral (grey) in the visible light.
Given the very similar colour of the moon to that of Nereid together with a high probability (41%) of their collision in the lifespan of the Solar system, it has been suggested that the moon could be a piece of Nereid.

Halimede, or **Neptune IX**, like many of the farther moons of Neptune, is named after one of the Nereids, the fifty daughters of Nereus and Doris. Before the announcement of its name on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802), Halimede was known by the designation S/2002 N 1.

## Other websites

- Matthew Holman's Neptune's page
- David Jewitt's pages
- Scott Sheppard's pages
Max Mayfield

**Britt Max Mayfield** (born on September 19, 1948 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is a meteorologist. He was the director of the National Hurricane Center from 2000 to 2007. As director, Mayfield became a trusted voice in preparing for weather-related disasters, particularly those involving tropical storms and hurricanes.

## Other websites

- National Hurricane Center
- White House Biography of Max Mayfield
- OneStorm.org  Family hurricane preparedness initiative.
River delta

A **river delta** is a landform shaped like a triangle. It is where the mouth of a river flows into an ocean, or even into a desert. It is formed by sediment carried by the river being deposited in the wider mouth. This happens because the water moves less quickly there.

Over time, the delta forms a series of fingers: places where the water flows, and places above water where plants grow. As time passes, these "fingers" change their position. The landform is typical of the tropical rivers of the past as well as the present.

The word "delta" comes from the Greek letter delta, Δ ,  because the deltas are shaped like the letter. A river delta can cover just a few square miles, or an area of hundreds or thousands of square miles of land.

There have been times in the past when the tropical rivers were larger than today. The South of England was, in the Jurassic period, part of a larger continent. There is today just a remnant of this huge tropical river. The mud from this river is like huge fingers, with gravel between the fingers. This can be seen in quarries where building materials are sorted for sale.

The deposition of mud and sand causes an alluvial fan, which is the name given to the phenomenon.

## Other websites

- Louisiana State University Geology  - World Deltas
Lockheed C-5 Galaxy

The **C-5 Galaxy** is a large military cargo aircraft made by Lockheed (now Lockheed Martin) used by the United States Air Force. It is the largest aircraft being used with the United States Air Force. It first flew in 1968 and was introduced in 1970. It is one of the biggest transports in the world. It is 247 feet (75 m) long, 65 feet (19 m) high, has a wingspan of 222 feet (67 m), and can weigh up to 840,000 pounds (378,000 kg).

It is used to fly military equipment on to battlefields, and because of its size, it can even carry tanks and helicopters. Five C-5s have crashed.

A newer version has recently been introduced, the C-5M "Super Galaxy." It can carry up to .

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: C-5 Galaxy
- **image**: File:USAF C-5 Galaxy in flight.jpg
- **caption**: A United States Air Force C-5 in-flight
- **alt**: Top view of four-engine jet transport in-flight above mountain range.


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Strategic airlifter
- **national origin**: United States
- **manufacturer**: Lockheed Corporation, Lockheed
- **first flight**: 30 June 1968
- **introduction**: June 1970
- **status**: Operational
Active: 36
Reserve: 37
Air National Guard, ANG: 21
- **primary user**: United States Air Force
- **produced**: C-5A: 1968–1973
C-5B: 1985–1989
C-5M upgrades: 2006–present
- **number built**: 131 (C-5A: 81, C-5B: 50)
- **unit cost**: C-5B: United States dollar, US$168 million (1987)
Template (word processing)

The term **template**, when used in the context of word processing software, refers to a sample "fill-in-the-blank" document that can be completed either by hand or through an automated iterative process, such as a with a wizard. Once the template is completed, the user can edit, save and manage the result as an ordinary word processing document. Word processing templates give the ability to bypass the original setup and configuration time necessary to create standardized documents such as a resume. They also give the automatic configuration of the User Interface of the Word processing software, with features such as autocompletion, toolbars, thesaurus, and spelling options.
Hurricane Betsy

**Hurricane Betsy** was a strong hurricane of the 1965 Atlantic hurricane season which caused a lot of damage in the Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana. Betsy made its most strongest landfall near the mouth of the Mississippi River, causing major flooding of the waters of Lake Pontchartrain into New Orleans; at the time it was the costliest hurricane in the history of the United States, and, as the first hurricane to cause over a billion dollars in damages, earned the nickname "Billion-Dollar Betsy".
It first hit the Lesser Ahtilles then Miami and New Orleans. 75 people died.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Betsy
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 1965
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Hurricane Betsy.jpg
- **image name**: Hurricane Betsy in the Gulf of Mexico
- **formed**: August 27, 1965
- **dissipated**: September 14, 1965
- **1-min winds**: 135
- **pressure**: 941
- **damages**: 1420
- **inflated**: 1
- **deaths**: 76 direct
- **areas**: Windward Islands, Bahamas, south Florida and Florida Keys, Louisiana, inland Southern United States
- **hurricane season**: 1965 Atlantic hurricane season
Houston Chronicle

The ***Houston Chronicle*** is the largest daily newspaper in Texas, USA. As of March 2007, it is the ninth largest newspaper circulating in the United States. With the demise of its long-time rival the _Houston Post_, its nearest major competitors are located in Dallas-Fort Worth.

### Official sites

- _The Houston Chronicle_

### Links critical of the _Chronicle_

- Chronically Biased - Archives of a (no-longer published) anti-Chronicle weblog
- Lone Star Times  - blog  launched by Dan Patrick
- Texas Media Watch  - media watchdog group (archived)
- blogHOUSTON - Houston media and politics weblog

### Miscellaneous

- Hearst subsidiary profile of the _Houston Chronicle_
Delta wing

A **delta wing** is a wing used on fixed-wing aircraft, mainly supersonic fighter aircraft. Delta wings are triangles. Some were "tailless" (which means they had no elevators) and others were "tailed." Many of the Dassault Aviation Mirages had delta wings (like the Mirage III, Mirage V, Mirage 50, and Mirage 2000).

## Delta winged fighters

- F-106 Delta Dart
- Mirage III
- Mirage V
- Mirage 50
- Mirage 2000
- MiG-21 Fishbed
- Su-9 Fishpot
- J-35 Draken
Popular Mechanics

***Popular Mechanics*** is an American magazine devoted to science and technology. It was first published January 11, 1902 by H.H. Windsor, and has been owned since the 1950s by the Hearst Corporation There is also a Latin American edition that has been published for decades and a newly formed South African version available.

_Popular Mechanics_ features regular sections on cars, trucks, science, technology, home how-to and outdoor adventures. A recurring column is "Jay Leno's Garage" featuring observations by the famed late-night talk show host and vehicle enthusiast.

## Other websites

- Popularmechanics.com
- Popular Mechanics South African edition
Scientific American

***Scientific American*** is a popular science magazine, published (first weekly and later monthly) since August 28, 1845, making it the oldest continuously published magazine in the United States. It brings articles about new and innovative research to the non-scientific audience.

## Other websites

- Online edition of _Scientific American_ with partially free access to the current issue.
- Online archive (not free) of the issues from 1993 to the present.
    - Information about the archive
- Online archive of _Scientific American_ between 1846 and 1869.
The Times-Picayune

***The Times-Picayune*** is a tri-weekly newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.

## Other websites

- Official website, including the paper's breaking news weblog
- The Times-Picayune's history of the Times-Picayune
- Print editions of the Times-Picayune during Katrina
- Best Leaders: Times-Picayune's Staff
Poultry

**Poultry** are a group of domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae, especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, turkeys). The term also includes birds that are killed for their meat, such as the young pigeons (known as squabs) but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game. The word "poultry" comes from the French word _poule_, which itself is derived from the Latin word _pullus_, which means game birds.

## Poultry as food

Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat in the world, accounting for about 33% of total meat production all around the world compared to pork at 36%.

World production of duck meat was about 4.2 million tonnes in 2011. China was producing two thirds of that total which means around 1.7 billion birds.

Global egg production reached 76.7 million tonnes in 2018, a huge 24% growth since 2008.

## Related pages

- Animal husbandry
- Cattle

## Other websites

- Information on Poultry Diseases
- PoultryCast podcast
- Chickens, Waterfowl and Exotic Poultry
- The Poultry Guide  - A to Z and FAQs
Gas station

A **gas station**, also known as a **filling station**, **fueling station**, **service station** or **petrol station** is a facility which sells fuel and lubricants for motor vehicles. The most common fuels sold are gasoline (petrol) or diesel fuel.

The fuel is dispensed by a gas pump. Some of the different kinds of fuel are
- Gasoline (petrol)
- Diesel
- CNG
- CGH<sub>2</sub>
- HCNG
- LPG (GPL)
- LH<sub>2</sub>
- Ethanol fuel (like E10, E85, E100)
- Biogas
- Biobutanol
- Biodiesel

Many gas stations have a convenience store close to the pumps, to make extra earnings. Some have tunnel car washs.

## Other websites

- An interview with architectural historian Jim Draeger about the history of filling stations from Wisconsin Public Television
- Petroleum Equipment Institute
- Petrol station cost structure
- Gasoline Signs — Signs and logos of gas stations in the United States
- British Petrol Stations — Design & branding history of filling stations in Great Britain
- U.S. Department of Energy's Gas Price Watch Hotline  — A U.S. government site to report alleged gas price gouging in the United States
- Report: Economics of the Nova Scotia Gasoline Market 
- Shell in the U.S.: Some basic truths about buying gas today
Warehouse

A **warehouse** is a commercial building for storage of goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc.  They are usually large plain buildings in industrial areas of cities and towns.  They have loading docks to load and unload trucks; or sometimes are loaded directly from railways, airports, or seaports.  They also often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets loaded into pallet racks.

In logistics, the warehouse performs the function of accumulating reserves of material resources necessary to dampen fluctuations in supply and demand volumes, as well as synchronizing the flow rates of goods in systems of promotion from manufacturers to consumers or material flows in technological production systems.
Nursery (horticulture)

A **nursery** is a place where plants are cultivated and grown to usable size. There are retail nurseries which sell to the general public, wholesale nurseries which sell only to other nurseries and to commercial landscape gardeners, and private nurseries which supply the needs of institutions or private estates.  Some retail and wholesale nurseries sell by mail.
Credit union

A **credit union** is a cooperative financial institution that is owned and controlled by its members. Credit unions differ from banks and other financial institutions in that the members who have accounts in the credit union are the owners of the credit union - there are no external shareholders. Profits from the operations of a credit union are distributed to members in the form of dividends.

The basic services of a credit union are to offer savings accounts and loans to members.

de:Genossenschaftsbank
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Tettigoniidae

The family **Tettigoniidae**, known in American English as **katydids** and in British English as **bush-crickets**, contains more than 6,400 species. It is part of the suborder Ensifera.

They are also known as **long-horned grasshoppers**, though they are more closely related to crickets than to grasshoppers.
Their antennae may be longer than their own body length, those of the grasshoppers are always relatively short.

## Disguise

Katydids may disguise themselves brilliantly. Some look exactly like dead brown leaves, complete with holes, lying still on the forest floor of the rainforests of Asia and South America. Others act like green, living leaves fluttering from a branch. They even have vein-like markings like real leaves.

## Other websites

- Bush katydid genus _Scudderia_ Stål, 1873 - diagnostic photographs, natural history
- Black-sided meadow katydid - _Conocephalus nigropleurum_ - diagnostic photographs
- BugGuide.net--family _Tettigoniidae _
- Singing Insects of North America (SINA) website.
- Bug guide.net-- Pink Katydid
Bills, Bills, Bills

"**Bills, Bills, Bills**" was the first single from Destiny's Child's second album _The Writing's on the Wall_. A track which echoed the men-bashing sentiments of TLC's massive summer hit "No Scrubs", and even featured the same producer (Kevin She"kspere Briggs). The song provided the group with their first US chart-topper in July 1999, and also reached the UK Top 10. The album featured a greater creative input from the group, although they still relied on a production crew including Rodney Jerkins, Missy Elliott, Chad Elliot, and Dwayne Wiggins of Tony! Toni! Tone!

## Formats and remixes

- "Bills, Bills, Bills" (Radio Edit)
- "Bills, Bills, Bills" (Acapella)
- "Bills, Bills, Bills" (Jonathan Coulton)
- "Bills, Bills, Bills" (Instrumental)
- "Bills, Bills, Bills" (Digital Black-N-Groove Club Mix Instrumental)
- "Bills, Bills, Bills" (Digital Black-N-Groove Club Mix)
- "Bills, Bills, Bills" (Digital Black-n-Groove Club Radio Remix)
- "Bills, Bills, Bills" (DJ Def Club's Xclusive Mix)
- "Bills, Bills, Bills" (Maurice's Xclusive Dub Mix)
- "Bills, Bills, Bills" (Maurice's Xclusive Livegig Mix)
- "Bills, Bills, Bills" (Maurice's Xclusive Mix)
- "Bills, Bills, Bills" (UK Garage Mix)
- "Bills, Bills, Bills" (D'n'D 2-Step Mix)

- "I Can't Go for That" ('BBB' Trackmasters Remix Radio Edit) (feat Jazz-Ming & Sporty Thievz)
- "I Can't Go for That" ('BBB' Trackmasters Remix) (feat Jazz-Ming & Sporty Thievz)
- "I Can't Go for That" ('BBB' Trackmasters Remix Acapella) (feat Jazz-Ming & Sporty Thievz)
- "I Can't Go for That" ('BBB' Trackmasters Remix Instrumental)

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Bills, Bills, Bills
- **border**: yes
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Destiny's Child
- **album**: The Writing's on the Wall
- **recorded**: December 1998
- **length**: 4:15
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **producer**: Kevin "She'kspere" Briggs, Shek'spere
- **prev title**: Get on the Bus (song), Get on the Bus
- **prev year**: 1998
- **next title**: Bug a Boo
- **next year**: 1999
Anna Maria Thelott

**Anna Maria Thelott** (1683 – 1710) was a Swedish artist. She was one of the first professional female artists in Sweden and also in Scandinavia. She was an engraver, an illustrator, a woodcut-artist, and a miniaturist.

## Life

Anna Maria was the daughter of the artist Philipp Jacob Thelott the Older, and sister of the artist Philip Jacob Thelott the Younger. When she was a child, she worked together with her brother and her father to illustrate the books "_Campus Elysii_" and "_Atlantica_", by Olof Rudbeck, and when she was grown up, she started to work alone and illustrate papers and maps and other things. She made miniature portraits of people, she drew animals, cities and landscapes.

Her family lived in Uppsala until 1702, when the city burnt down, and they moved to Stockholm.

In 1710, Anna Maria became one of the many victims of the last plague in Sweden.
Justina Casagli

**Justina Kristina Casagli**, (1794-1841), was a famous singer and actor. She was born in Sweden, but worked in all Europe, especially in Italy and Germany, where she became famous.

## Birth

She was born with the name Justina Kristina Wässelius. Her sister, Jeanette Wässelius, also became a singer, but she only worked in Sweden. Justina went to the theatre school Dramatens elevskola in 1805. When she graduated in 1812, she began to work at the theatre Royal Swedish Opera. The same year, she married the Italian dancer Ludovico Casagli, and got the name Justina Casagli.

## Works

She left Sweden with her husband in 1818 and went to Italy. In Italy, she played in the play "Cerentola" in Turino in 1818, in the play "Donna del Lago" in Rome in 1823 and in Lucca 1827 in the play "Matrimonio Segreto". She was a great success, and then worked in Munich in Germany for several years. After that, she tried to get work in the Opera in Sweden again, but her place there was occupied by a new singer, Henriette Widerberg.

The last years, she lived in Parma, where she died after she had fallen from a window.
48 (number)

**48** (**forty-eight**) is a number. It comes between forty-seven and forty-nine, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 48.

## Infobox (number)
49 (number)

**49** (**forty-nine**) is a number. It comes between forty-eight and fifty, and is an odd number.  It is divisible by 7.  49 is the 7th square number after 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, and 36.

## Infobox (number)
Cynthia Lennon

**Cynthia Lillian Lennon** (born Cynthia Lillian Powell 10 September 1939 – 1 April 2015) was the first wife of John Lennon. Cynthia divorced Lennon in 1968 after he left her for Yoko Ono. She is the mother of Lennon's elder son Julian.

She was born in Blackpool, Lancashire and raised in Hoylake, Cheshire.

## Other websites

- The Beatles First Wives Club
- Living with Lennon

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Cynthia Lennon
- **image**: Cynthia Lennon, 1964.jpg
- **caption**: Lennon in 1964
- **birth name**: Cynthia Lillian Powell
- **birth place**: Blackpool, Lancashire, England
- **death place**: Majorca, Spain
- **death cause**: Pulmonary edema
- **nationality**: English
- **spouse**: John Lennon
(m. 1962–68, divorced)
Roberto Bassanini
(m. 1970–73, divorced)
John Twist
(m. 1976–83, divorced)
Noel Charles
(m. 2002-2013, his death)
- **children**: Julian Lennon
51 (number)

**51** (**fifty-one**) is a number. It comes between fifty and fifty-two, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 17, and 51.

## Infobox (number)
53 (number)

**Fifty-three** is a number. It comes between fifty-two and fifty-four, and is an odd number.  It is also the 16th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,  23,  29, 31, 37, 41, 43,  and 47.

## Infobox (number)
52 (number)

**52** (**fifty-two**) is a number. It comes between fifty-one and fifty-three, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 13, 26, and 52.

Facts about number 52

<mark>The number 52 is an even composite number</mark>. Its prime factorization is 2 x 2 x 13, meaning it has prime factors of 2 and 13. It's divisible by 1, 2, 4, 13, 26, and 52. 52 is also an untouchable number, meaning it's not the sum of the proper divisors of any number.

There are 52 cards in a playing deck.

## Infobox (number)
54 (number)

**Fifty-four** is a number. It comes between fifty-three and fifty-five, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, and 54.

## Infobox (number)
55 (number)

**Fifty-five** is a natural number. It is one of those numbers used for counting. It comes between fifty-four and fifty-six. It is an odd number.

It is divisible by 1, 5, 11, and 55.

## Infobox (number)
Mandrill

The **mandrill** (_Mandrillus sphinx_) are the world's largest monkeys. They are also the most colourful primates. The skin colours brighten as the animal gets more excited. Males live mostly on the forest floor, while females and young climb up into trees and bushes. This monkey looks rather like a baboon, but they are in a different genus. They live in large groups, mostly in rain forests.

## Description

Males have an orange/yellow beard and an unmistakable bright red and blue snout and rump. Females and juveniles have a duller blue snout and a buff beard. Mandrills can live up to 40 years in captivity. They feed on fruits, leaves, roots, seeds, nuts, greens and invertebrates.

## Habitat

Mandrills live in Cameroon, Gabon and the Congo. They live in dense rainforest and coastal forests, although they sometimes go onto the savannah.  Mandrills live on the ground and in trees.

## Behaviour

Mandrills seem to live in large, stable groups called "hordes". Hordes often number in the hundreds, possibly averaging around 600+ individuals and reaching as many as 845. It is difficult to accurately estimate group size in the forest, but filming a group crossing a gap between two forest patches or crossing a road is a reliable way of estimating group size. The largest group verifiably observed in this way contained over 1,300 individuals, in Lopé National Park, Gabon—the largest aggregation of nonhuman primates ever recorded. These groups are made of adult females and their dependent offspring.

Males live a solitary lifestyle, and only enter hordes when females are ready for mating, which lasts three months each year.  All-male bachelor groups are not known to exist.
Carburization

**Carburization** (often also called **carburizing**) is how carbon is introduced into a metal. It is done to make the surface harder and more abrasion resistant.

Depending on the amount of time and temperature, the affected area can vary in carbon content.
In earlier times, direct application of charcoal was packed onto the metal for carburization. Modern techniques use carbon-bearing gases or plasmas (such as carbon dioxide or methane). Carburization is mainly used to harden the surface of low alloy steel.

Too great a concentration of carbon makes metal brittle and unworkable, so then metals may be decarburized.
56 (number)

**Fifty-six** is a number. It comes between fifty-five and fifty-seven, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, and 56.

## Infobox (number)
Sao (moon)

**Sao** is a non-spherical moon of Neptune. It was found by Matthew J. Holman _et al._ on August 14, 2019.

Sao orbits Neptune at a distance of about 22.4 million km and is about 44 kilometers in diameter (assuming an albedo of 0.04).

Sao has a very inclined and eccentric orbit seen on the diagram in relation to other non-sperical moons of Neptune.

Sao, or **Neptune XI**, like many of the farther moons of Neptune, is named after one of the Nereids; Sao was associated with sailing and is referred to as "The rescuer" or "Safety". Before the announcement of its name on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802), Sao was known provisionally as **S/2002 N 2**.

## Other websites

- Matthew Holman's Neptune's page
- David Jewitt's pages
- Scott Sheppard's pages
57 (number)

**Fifty-seven** is a number. It comes between fifty-six and fifty-eight, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 19, and 57.

## Infobox (number)
58 (number)

**Fifty-eight** is a number. It comes between fifty-seven and fifty-nine, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 29, and 58.

## Infobox (number)
59 (number)

**Fifty-nine** is a number. It comes between fifty-eight and sixty, and is an odd number.  It is also a prime number.

## Infobox (number)
Laomedeia (moon)

**Laomedeia** also **Neptune XII**, is a non-spherical moon of Neptune. It was found by Matthew J. Holman, et al. on August 13, 2002. Before the announcement of its name on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802), it was known as **S/2002 N 3**.

It orbits Neptune at a distance of about 23,571,000 km and is about 42 kilometers in diameter (assuming albedo of 0.04). It is named after Laomedeia, one of the 50 Nereids.

- Eccentricity: 0.381
- Orbital inclination: 37.7° (to the ecliptic)

## Other websites

- David Jewitt pages
- Scott Sheppard pages
- Ephemeris (IAU)http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/NatSats/NaturalSatellites.html
- Mean orbital parameters (NASA)http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_elem
Jenner, California

**Jenner** is a small unincorporated town in Sonoma County, California, U.S.. The town is small, with about 122 people. Just south of Jenner is Goat Rock Beach, a unit within the Sonoma Coast State Beach.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Jenner, California
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated community
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: California
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name2**: Sonoma County, California, Sonoma
- **population total**: 122
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 4
- **elevation ft**: 13
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 95450
- **area code**: Area code 707, 707
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 06-37274
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1656100
61 (number)

**Sixty-one** is a number. It comes between sixty and sixty-two, and is an odd number.  It is also a prime number.

## Infobox (number)
67 (number)

**Sixty-seven** is a number. It comes between sixty-six and sixty-eight, and is an odd number.  It is also a prime number. The 19th prime number more specifically and is the closest answer to  ⅔  of 100.

## Infobox (number)
Psamathe (moon)

**Psamathe** or **Neptune X**, is a non-spherical moon of Neptune.

Psamathe was found by Scott S. Sheppard and David C. Jewitt in 2003. It orbits Neptune at a distance of about 46,695,000 km and takes almost 25 Earth years to make one orbit. It is about 24 kilometers in diameter.

It is named after Psamathe, one of the Nereids. Before the announcement of its name on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802), it was known by the designation **S/2003 N 1**.

- Eccentricity: 0.4499
- Orbital inclination: 146.60° (to Neptune's equator), 124.39° (to the ecliptic)

Given the similarity of the orbit's parameters with Neso (S/2002 N 4), it was suggested that both non-spherical moons could have been a bigger moon that broken up.

## Other websites

- David Jewitt pages
- Scott Sheppard pages
- Ephemeris (IAU)
- Mean orbital parameters (NASA)
62 (number)

**Sixty-two** is a number. It comes between sixty-one and sixty-three, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 31, and 62.

## Infobox (number)
63 (number)

**Sixty-three** is a number. It comes between sixty-two and sixty-four, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 7, 9, 21, and 63.

## Infobox (number)
64 (number)

**Sixty-four** is a number. It comes between sixty-three and sixty-five, and is an even number.

## Math

It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64. 64 is the 8th square number after 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, and 49. It is the fourth cube after 1, 8, and 27.

## Other

There are sixty-four 1x1 squares on a chess, checkers and draughts board. It is also a power of two.

## Infobox (number)
65 (number)

**Sixty-five** is a number. It comes between sixty-four and sixty-six, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 5, 13, and 65.

## 65 in some places

- +65 is the International Calling Code for Singapore

## Infobox (number)
66 (number)

**Sixty-six** is a number. It comes between sixty-five and sixty-seven, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 22, 33, and 66. In numerical form, it is "66". In roman numerals, it is "LXVI".

## Infobox (number)
Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough

A **Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough** (**TUTT**) is a trough in upper-level (at about 200 hPa) tropics. Its formation is usually caused by the expansion of the Trough of Westerlies Wind to the tropics. It can also develop from the inverted trough adjacent to a upper level anticyclone. TUTTs are different from mid-latitude troughs in the sense that they are maintained by subsidence warming near the tropopause which balances radiation cooling.

TUTTs sometimes bring a large amount of vertical wind shear over tropical disturbances and cyclones so TUTTs can reduce cyclone development. But, there are also times when TUTTs help start tropical cyclones or make them stronger by providing additional forced ascent near the storm center and an efficient outflow channel in the upper troposphere. Moreover, under specific circumstances, TUTTs can grow into upper cold lows and may enhance the development of low level disturbances.

## Other websites

- FAQs on Hurricanes, Typhoons And Tropical Cyclones
- Definition of TUTT in Traditional Chinese
- Tropical textbook : from trade winds to cyclones (2 vols). The part 8.4 deals with TUTT .Florent Beucher, 25 mai 2010, Météo-France, 897 pp.
Leeward Islands

The **Leeward Islands** are the northern islands of the Lesser Antilles chain of islands, parts of the West Indies. They are where the Caribbean Sea meets the western Atlantic Ocean. The western Leewards are the Virgin Islands.

The southern part of the Lesser Antilles chain is called the Windward Islands.
68 (number)

**Sixty-eight** is a number. It comes above sixty-seven and below sixty-nine, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 17, 34, and 68.

## Infobox (number)
69 (number)

**Sixty-nine** is a number. It comes between sixty-eight and seventy, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 23, and 69.

## Infobox (number)
Saint Martin

**Saint Martin**  is a tropical island in the northeast Caribbean, approximately 300 km southeast of Puerto Rico. The 87 km² island is divided roughly in half between France and the Netherlands; it is the smallest inhabited sea island divided between two nations.

- The southern Dutch half comprises the _Eilandgebied Sint Maarten_ (Island area of St. Martin) was part of the Netherlands Antilles, until the Antilles was dissolved in October 2010, when Sint Maarten became a "country" ("land") within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Government of the Netherlands is responsible for defence, foreign affairs and nationality law. Although part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands the territory of Sin Maarten is not part of the European Union although its citizens are Citizens of the European Union

- The northern French half comprises the _Collectivité de Saint-Martin_ (Collectivity of Saint Martin) and is a overseas territory of France.

The main towns are Marigot (on the French part) and Philipsburg in the Dutch one.
About 60.000 people live on the island.
Antigua

**Antigua** (IPA: /ænˈtiːgə//an-tee-gah) is an island in the West Indies, Leeward Islands in the Caribbean region, the main island of the country of Antigua and Barbuda. It is also known as **Wadadli**, which means approximately "our own". The island's circumference is about 87 kilometres (54 miles) and its area is 281 km² (108 square miles). About 69,000 people lived there as of July 2006. It is the largest of the Leeward Islands, and has a busy economy based on tourism, internet gambling, and education, including two medical schools.

Indigenous peoples like the Ciboney, Taíno, and Kalinago had lived on and around the island for a long time. But in 1493, Christopher Columbus became the first European to visit, and he renamed it Antigua after Mary, the mother of Jesus. The British came in 1632 and colonized the island. They brought slaves to the island from Africa who were forced to grow sugar cane. The slaves were legally freed in 1834.

The island stopped being a part of Britain in 1981. It is now a country with Barbuda.

## Other websites

- Government of Antigua and Barbuda
- Antigua Barbuda Department of Tourism
71 (number)

**Seventy-one** is a number. It comes between seventy and seventy-two, and is an odd number.  It is also a prime number.

## Infobox (number)
Neso (moon)

**Neso** also known as **Neptune XIII**, is the farthest non-spherical moon of Neptune. It was found by Matthew J. Holman, Brett J. Gladman, _et al._ on August 14, 2002, though it went unnoticed until 2003.

Neso orbits Neptune at a distance of more than 48 million km, making it the farthest known moon of any planet.

It follows a very inclined and very eccentric orbit illustrated on the diagram in relation to other irregular satellites of Neptune.

Neso is about 60 km in diameter, and assuming the mean density of 1.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Its mass is estimated at 1.6 kg.

Given the similarity of the orbit's parameters with Psamathe (S/2003 N 1), it was suggested that both non-spherical moons could have been a bigger moon that broke up.

Neso is named after one of the Nereids. Before the announcement of its name on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802), Neso was known by its designation **S/2002 N 4**.

## Other websites

- Matthew Holman's Neptune's page
- David Jewitt's pages
- Scott Sheppard's pages
- Neso in Fiction
Weather front

A **weather front** is a boundary in between two masses of air of different densities, and is the main cause of significant weather. In surface weather analysis, fronts are depicted using various colored lines and symbols. The air masses separated by a front usually differ in temperature and humidity.

Cold fronts may feature narrow bands of thunderstorms and severe weather, and may on occasion be preceded by squall lines or dry lines.  Warm fronts are usually preceded by layered precipitation and fog. The weather usually quickly clears after a front passes. Some fronts produce no precipitation and little cloudiness, although there is usually a wind shift.
Subtropical ridge

They are called Downdrafts. Areas of sinking air are called these.

## Other websites

- Webster's Online Dictionary
- Physical Geography - The Global Environment
- Winds and the Global Circulation System
Vorticity

**Vorticity** is a mathematical concept used in fluid dynamics. It can be related to the amount of "circulation" or "rotation" (or more strictly, the local angular rate of rotation) in a fluid.

The average vorticity in a small region of fluid flow is equal to the circulation  around the boundary of the small region, divided by the area A of the small region.

Notionally, the vorticity at a point in a fluid is the limit as the area of the small region of fluid approaches zero at the point:

Mathematically, the vorticity at a point is a vector and is defined as the curl of the velocity:

One of the base assumptions of the potential flow assumption is that the vorticity  is zero almost everywhere, except in a boundary layer or a stream-surface immediately bounding a boundary layer.

Because a vortex is a region of concentrated vorticity, the non-zero vorticity in these specific regions can be modelled with vortices.

## Further reading

- Batchelor, G. K., (1967, reprinted 2000) _An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics_, Cambridge Univ. Press
- Ohkitani, K., "_Elementary Account Of Vorticity And Related Equations_". Cambridge University Press. January 30, 2005.
- Chorin,  Alexandre J., "_Vorticity and Turbulence_". Applied Mathematical Sciences, Vol 103, Springer-Verlag. March 1, 1994.
- Majda, Andrew J., Andrea L. Bertozzi, "_Vorticity and Incompressible Flow_". Cambridge University Press; 2002.
- Tritton, D. J., "_Physical Fluid Dynamics_". Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 1977.
- Arfken, G., "_Mathematical Methods for Physicists_", 3rd ed. Academic Press, Orlando, FL. 1985.

## Other websites

- Weisstein, Eric W., "_Vorticity_". Scienceworld.wolfram.com.
- Doswell III, Charles A.,  "_A Primer on Vorticity for Application in Supercells and Tornadoes_". Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, Norman, Oklahoma.
- Cramer, M. S., "_Navier-Stokes Equations -- Vorticity Transport Theorems : Introduction_". Foundations of Fluid Mechanics.
- Parker, Douglas, "_ENVI 2210 - Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics, 9: Vorticity _". School of the Environment, University of Leeds. September 2001.
- Graham, James R.,  "_Astronomy 202: Astrophysical Gas Dynamics_". Astronomy Department, UC, Berkeley.
    - "_The vorticity equation: incompressible and barotropic fluids _".
    - "_Interpretation of the vorticity equation _".
    - "_Kelvin's vorticity theorem for incompressible or barotropic flow _".
- "_Spherepack 3.1 _". (includes a collection of FORTRAN vorticity program)
- "_Mesoscale Compressible Community (MC2) Real-Time Model Predictions_". (Potential vorticity analysis)
Barbuda

**Barbuda** is an island in the eastern Caribbean, and forms part of the state of Antigua and Barbuda. It has a population of about 1,500, most of whom live in the town of Codrington.

Barbuda is located north of Antigua, in the middle of the Leeward Islands. To the south are the islands of Montserrat and Guadaloupe, and to the north and west are Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Barts, and St. Martin.
Popcorn

**Popcorn** is a snack food made by heating certain kinds of corn. There is a small amount of water inside the seeds, which causes them to explode. When the seed shell breaks a sharp noise is made. The name "pop" is because of this noise. After it pops it is white and fluffy.

Salt and melted butter are often added to popcorn. Sometimes caramel and other flavors are melted and mixed into the popcorn.

Popcorn is a popular food to eat at the cinema.

## Kernel choking

Many accidents of choking on popcorn kernels were reported. This is because the popcorn kernel does go into the airway and throat, and gets stuck. Many people want other people to take kernels out of the popcorn for children.