Estado Novo (Portugal)

The **Estado Novo**, also known as the **Second Portuguese Republic**, was a corporatist regime in Portugal from 1933 to 1974 until Carnation Revolution. It evolved from the _Ditadura Nacional_ that was formed after the _coup d'état_ of 28 May 1926 against the democratic First Portuguese Republic. The Estado Novo was conservativee and autocratic, it was developed by António de Oliveira Salazar, who was President of the Council of Ministers from 1932 until 1968 due to illnesses.

The Estado Novo was one of the longest-surviving authoritarian regimes in Europe, it was conservative, corporatist, and nationalist and traditionalist. Estado Novo had very colonialist foreign policies, with colonies oversea like Angola, Mozambique, and other Portuguese territories. During this period, Portugal tried to expand its empire, using the Portuguese Colonial War to combat self-determination and independence of colonies.

After four decades of dictatorship, on 25 April 1974, the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon, a military coup organized by Portuguese military officers of the Armed Forces Movement overthrew the Estado Novo regime.

## Economy

From 1950 until Salazar's death in 1970, Portugal saw its GDP per capita increase at an annual average rate of 5.7 per cent. By the fall of the Estado Novo in 1974, Portugal had the lowest per capita income in Western Europe and the highest rate of preventable deaths and infant mortality rate in Europe.

## Infobox (country)

- **native name**: _República Portuguesa_
- **conventional long name**: Portuguese Republic
- **government type**: Unitary state, Unitary António de Oliveira Salazar, Salazarist republic under an Authoritarianism, authoritarian dictatorship
- **event pre**: Constitutional referendum
- **date pre**: 19 March 1933
- **event start**: Established
- **year start**: 1933
- **date start**: 11 April
- **event1**: Admitted to the United Nations
- **date event1**: 14 December 1955
- **event end**: Carnation Revolution
- **year end**: 1974
- **date end**: 25 April
- **p1**: Ditadura Nacional
- **flag p1**: Flag of Portugal.svg
- **s1**: National Salvation Junta
- **flag s1**: Flag of Portugal.svg
- **today**: Third Portuguese Republic
- **flag type**: Flag of Portugal, Flag
- **image flag**: Flag of Portugal.svg
- **image coat**:
- **symbol type**: Coat of arms of Portugal, Coat of arms
- **image map**: Portuguese Empire 20th century.png
- **capital**: Lisbon
- **national motto**: _António de Oliveira Salazar, Deus, Pátria e Familia_

- **national anthem**: _A Portuguesa_

- **other symbol**: <div style="padding:0.3em;"></div>
- **other symbol type**: National Union (Portugal), Flag of the National Union:
- **common languages**: Portuguese language, Portuguese
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism (state religion, Official)
- **legislature**: <wbr />
- **title leader**: List of Presidents of Portugal, President
- **leader1**: Óscar Carmona
- **year leader1**: 1926–1951
- **leader2**: Francisco Craveiro Lopes
- **year leader2**: 1951–1958
- **leader3**: Américo Tomás
- **year leader3**: 1958–1974
- **title deputy**: List of Prime Ministers of Portugal, Prime Minister
- **year deputy1**: 1932–1968
- **deputy2**: Marcelo Caetano, Marcello Caetano
- **year deputy2**: 1968–1974
- **currency**: Portuguese escudo