juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
University of Buckingham

The **University of Buckingham** (**UB**) is a non-profit private university in Buckingham, England. It is the oldest of the country's six private universities.

Buckingham has formal charity status as a not-for-profit institution dedicated to the ends of research and education .

## History

Some of the founding academics migrated from the University of Oxford, disillusioned or cautious of aspects of the late-1960s thinking. On 27 May 1967, _The Times_ published a letter from J. W. Paulley, a physician, who wrote:  Three London conferences followed which explored this idea.

The university was incorporated as the "University College of Buckingham" in 1976 and received its royal charter as a university from the Queen in 1983. As of May 2016, it is the only private university in the UK with a royal charter.

## Other websites

- University of Buckingham website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University of Buckingham
- **image**: University of Buckingham coat of arms.svg
- **image upright**: 0.7
- **mottoeng**: Flying on Our Own Wings
- **established**: 1973; as University college#United Kingdom, university college
1983; as Universities in the United Kingdom, university
- **type**: private university#United Kingdom, Private
- **academic staff**: 97 (2011)
- **administrative staff**: 103 (2011)
- **chancellor**: Mary Archer, Dame Mary Archer
- **vice chancellor**: James Tooley
- **students**: ()
- **undergrad**: ()
- **postgrad**: ()
- **city**: Buckingham
- **country**: England
- **campus**: Multiple sites, rural
- **colours**: Charcoal and gold
- **logo**: The University of BUckingham Charcoal Logo.png
We Are the Fallen

**We Are the Fallen** is an American alternative metal band formed in 2009.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Tear the World Down_ (2010)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: We Are the Fallen
- **image**: WAtF Irving Plaza.jpg
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **genre**: Alternative metal, hard rock, nu metal, gothic metal
- **years active**: 2009–present
- **label**: Republic Records, Universal Republic
- **associated acts**: Evanescence
- **current members**: Carly Smithson
Ben Moody
John LeCompt
Marty O'Brien
Rocky Gray
Mister Terrific (Michael Holt)

**Michael Holt**, also known as **Mister Terrific**, is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.

## Publication history

He was created by writer John Ostrander and artist Tom Mandrake, first appearing in _Infinity Inc._ #25 in 1985.

## Fictional character biography

Michael Holt is a highly intelligent individual with degrees in engineering and physics. He becomes **Mister Terrific** after being inspired by the Golden Age hero, the original Mister Terrific (Terry Sloane). Holt is notable for his commitment to justice, his strong moral compass, and his belief in the potential of humanity.

## Powers and abilities

He possesses a genius-level intellect, he is an expert in multiple martial arts, and in the use of advanced technology.

### Traits and equipment

Holt wears a costume that features a T-suit with a T-sphere, which grants him various technological enhancements, including enhanced strength and agility, and advanced visual capabilities.

He is known for his "T-Spheres," which are floating devices that serve multiple functions, such as surveillance, communication, and combat support.

## Role in the DC Universe

Mister Terrific is a member of the Justice Society of America (JSA) and has also been part of the Titans and other superhero teams. He is often characterized as a highly capable and intelligent hero, embodying the ideals of perseverance and heroism.

## In other media

Holt has been adapted into media outside comics. Michael Beach, Hannibal Buress, and Kevin Michael Richardson, among others, have voiced the character in animated television series and films. Echo Kellum portrayed a version of the character renamed **Curtis Holt** in the CW Arrowverse series _Arrow_. Edi Gathegi played the character in the 2025 film _Superman_, set in the DC Universe (DCU).
EUR-ACE label

The **EUR-ACE label** (European Accredited Engineer) is an accreditation awarded by the European Network for Accreditation of Engineering Education (ENAEE) to engineering programs that meet specific quality standards within the framework of the European Higher Education Area.

## Function

ENAEE (European Network for Accreditation of Engineering Education) authorizes national bodies (for example, in France the Commission des titres d'ingénieur – CTI) to grant the certification, which must be renewed every five years.

ENAEE adapted the general framework of the European Higher Education Area, including the European Qualifications Framework (levels 6 and 7) and the Quality assurance approach.

In 2015, ENAEE published the second version of the _EUR-ACE Framework Standards and Guidelines_, defining the scientific knowledge, technical skills, and behavioral abilities expected from European engineering graduates. An update was made in 2018.

As of recent data, nearly  engineering programs have received the EUR-ACE label worldwide, including more than 400 in France. ENAEE authorizes accreditation and quality assurance agencies to award the label, which are then responsible for accrediting institutions. In France, the CTI grants the label to schools accredited for the full five-year term.

Graduates from EUR-ACE labeled programs are recognized as having qualifications and competencies aligned with European academic and professional standards. The label also serves as a benchmark to promote student mobility. It is recognized not only in European Union countries but also in nations such as Turkey, Switzerland, and Russia.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: EUR-ACE label
- **abbreviation**: EUR-ACE
- **formation**: 2006
- **type**: Accreditation system
- **purpose**: Quality assurance in engineering education
- **region served**: Europe and associated countries
- **parent organization**: European Network for Accreditation of Engineering Education (ENAEE)
- **website**: [https://www.enaee.eu enaee.eu]
Davidson Academy

**Davidson Academy** is a private Christian school in Nashville, Tennessee. It teaches children from 6 weeks old to 12th grade.

## History

The school started as Madison Christian School in September 1980. It was a ministry of the First Baptist Church of Madison and had students in grades 1–4. In 1981, the church planned a new building, renamed the school Davidson Academy, and expanded it to grades K–12.

## Athletics

Davidson Academy has sports teams for boys and girls.  It competes in Division 2, Section A of the private school division in the Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association.

## Notable alumni

- Rachel Smith, Miss USA, 2007 (4th Runner-up, Miss Universe 2007)

- James Austin Johnson, cast member of Saturday Night Live (2021–present)

## Infobox (school)

- **name**: Davidson Academy
- **motto**: Preparing Students for College, Life, and Eternity
- **streetaddress**: 1414 Old Hickory Blvd.
- **city**: Nashville, Tennessee
- **zipcode**: 37207
- **country**: United States
- **type**: Private school, Private, Coeducational
- **religion**: Christian
- **denomination**: Interdenominational
- **founded**: 1980
- **principal**: Mrs. Sarah Jane Moore (Upper School), Mrs. Kelly Colley (Lower School)
- **head label**: Headmaster
- **head**: Dr. Lindsey Judd
- **faculty**: 73
- **grades**: Infants, 6 Wks–Twelfth grade, 12
- **enrollment**: 702
- **ratio**: 14:1
- **colors**: Black, cardinal, white
- **mascot**: Boomer the Bear
- **nickname**: Bears
- **rival**: Goodpasture Christian School
- **accreditation**: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
- **homepage**: http://www.davidsonacademy.com
Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls

The **Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls** (OWLAG) is a boarding school for girls in grades 8–12. It is in Henley on Klip, Gauteng, South Africa. The school was started by Oprah Winfrey in 2002 after she spoke with former President Nelson Mandela. OWLAG opened in 2007, and the first class graduated in 2011.

The school helps academically gifted girls from poor backgrounds and teaches them leadership skills. The school uses the Independent Examinations Board (IEB) curriculum and gives the South African National Senior Certificate.

## History

OWLAG was built between 2006 and 2007 by Concor Construction. It has classrooms, labs, a library, dormitories, sports fields, and a dining hall. The school was designed by Rose Mashabane Architects.

## External links

- Official website
Odontophrynus carvalhoi

**Carvalho's Escuerzo** (_Odontophrynus carvalhoi_) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Home

Scientists saw the frog in Caatinga, Atlantic forest, and Cerrado places. People see it on the dead leaves on the ground. Scientists saw the frog 500 meters above sea level. This frog is good at living in places that people have changed.

Scientists have seen the frog in many safe parks: Área de Preservação Ambiental Aldeia-Beberibe, Área de Preservação Ambiental da Serra de Baturite, Área de Preservação Ambiental de Murici, Área de Preservação Ambiental do Rio Pandeiros, Parque Estadual das Sete Passagens, Parque Nacional da Chapada da Diamantina, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Parque Nacional do Catimbau, and Reserva Biológica de Serra Negra.

## Young

This frog has many young at the same time. The tadpoles swim and grow in streams and ponds that dry up for part of the year.

## Danger

The IUCN says this frog is not in danger of dying out. People do change the places where the frog lives by making places for cows to eat grass. Fires can also hurt this frog.
Nick Collison

**Nicholas John Collison** (born October 26, 1980) is a retired basketball player for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association. His jersey number (#4) is the only one the team has retired since relocating to Oklahoma City. He is nicknamed "Mr. Thunder" for his loyalty to the team.

During college, he played for the Kansas Jayhawks, who also retired his jersey number.

He was selected 12th overall in the 2003 NBA Draft by the Seattle Supersonics, which relocated to Oklahoma City in 2008 and changed their name to the Thunder.

While he never won a NBA championship as a player, he won one as an executive of the Thunder when they won their first championship in the 2024-25 season.
Acid gas

**Acid gas** is a gas that makes an acidic solution when mixed with water. In the natural gas and petroleum industries, it usually means a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. If the gas contains a large amount of hydrogen sulfide, it is also called **sour gas**.

Acid gas is a problem for purifying and using fossil fuels. Hydrogen sulfide reacts with many types of metal, making the metal weaker and eventually cracking it. Burning fuels containing acid gas can release sulfur dioxide, an acid gas that causes acid rain.
Elden Henson

**Elden Henson** (born **Elden Ryan Ratliff**, August 30, 1977) is an American actor known for his roles in television and movie.

He was born on August 30, 1977, in Rockville, Maryland. Henson is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Foggy Nelson in the Marvel television series _Daredevil_ and its spin-offs, as well as for his roles in movies like _Mighty Joe Young_ and _The Butterfly Effect_. Throughout his career, he has been recognized for his versatile acting skills and his contributions to both television and film industries.
John M. Martinis

**John Matthew Martinis** (born 1958) is an American physicist. He is a Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Martinis, John Clarke, and Michel Devoret were given the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2025 for their work of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **birth name**: John Matthew Martinis
- **image**: John Martinis (cropped).jpg
- **education**: University of California, Berkeley (Bachelor of Science, BS, PhD)
- **thesis title**: Macroscopic quantum tunneling and energy-level quantization in the zero voltage state of the current-biased Josephson junction
- **thesis url**: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5kr3d1ff
- **thesis year**: 1985
- **doctoral advisor**: John Clarke (physicist), John Clarke
Foggy Nelson

**Franklin Percy** "**Foggy**" **Nelson** is a fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe, primarily known as a close friend and legal partner of Matt Murdock / Daredevil.

## Publication history

Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Bill Everett, he first appeared in _Daredevil_ #1 in 1964.

## Fictional character biography

Foggy is characterized by his loyalty, good-hearted nature, and a strong sense of justice. He often provides comic relief and moral support to Daredevil, and his legal expertise is a vital asset in their crime-fighting endeavors.

## In other media

In adaptations, Foggy Nelson has been portrayed by actors such as Elden Henson in the Marvel Cinematic Universe's Netflix series _Daredevil_. He is typically depicted wearing glasses, with a friendly demeanor, and as a dedicated attorney working alongside Matt Murdock in their law practice, Nelson & Murdock.
John Clarke (physicist)

**John Clarke**  (born 1942) is a British physicist. He is a Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley.

In the 1980s, Clarke led a research team, that included John M. Martinis and Michel Devoret. They became known for their discoveries in macroscopic quantum phenomena in superconductors. This work is the reason why they won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2025.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **birth place**: Cambridge, England
- **field**: Physics
Superconductivity
- **education**: Christ's College, Cambridge (BA, MA)
Darwin College, Cambridge (PhD)
- **doctoral advisor**: Brian Pippard
- **doctoral students**: John M. Martinis
Okoye (character)

**Okoye** is a prominent character in Marvel Comics, best known as the fierce and loyal general of the Dora Milaje, Wakanda's all-female special forces group.

## Publication history

Created by writer Christopher Priest and artist Mark Texeira, the character first appeared in _Black Panther_ (vol. 3) #1 (November 1998).

## Fictional character biography

She is a highly skilled warrior, expert in hand-to-hand combat and spear fighting, and is dedicated to protecting Wakanda and its king.

## In other media

Okoye is also a prominent character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), portrayed by Danai Gurira, where she appears in films such as _Black Panther_, _Avengers: Infinity War_, and _Avengers: Endgame_. Her character embodies strength, loyalty, and leadership, making her a fan-favorite.
Michel Devoret

**Michel Henri Devoret** (; born 1953) is a French physicist. He is Professor of Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara and Professor Emeritus of Applied Physics at Yale University. He is the chief scientist for quantum hardware at Google Quantum AI. He is known for his work on macroscopic quantum phenomena.

Devoret, John Clarke, and John M. Martinis were given the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2025 for their work in superconductivity.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **birth name**: Michel Henri Devoret
- **image**: Michel H. Devoret 2017 190x180.jpg
- **caption**: Devoret in 2017
- **fields**: Condensed matter physics
- **workplaces**: Collège de France
Yale University
University of California, Santa Barbara
- **education**: Université Paris-Saclay, University of Orsay (PhD)
- **thesis title**: Mise en évidence d'un ordre orientationnel de type vitreux dans l'hydrogène et le deutérium solides
- **thesis year**: 1982
- **awards**: John Stewart Bell Prize, John Bell Prize (2013)
Micius Quantum Prize (2021)
Nobel Prize in Physics (2025)
Kraglin

**Kraglin** is a character from Marvel Comics, known primarily as a member of the Ravagers and an associate of the Guardians of the Galaxy.

## Publication history

Created by plotter Stan Lee, writer Ernie Hart and artist Don Heck, he first appeared in _Tales to Astonish_ #46 (August 1963).

## Fictional character biography

He is a member of the alien species called the Sakaaran and is recognizable by his distinctive appearance, often wearing a space suit with a helmet and various technological gear.

## In other media

In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, A version of the character named **Kraglin Obfonteri**, is portrayed by actor Sean Gunn and appears in movies such as _Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2_, _Avengers: Infinity War_, and _Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3_. He is a loyal member of the team, initially serving as Yondu Udonta’s second-in-command, and later becomes a key member of the Guardians.
Everett K. Ross

**Everett K. Ross** is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

## Fictional character biography

He is typically depicted as a CIA agent and a friend to the superhero T'Challa / Black Panther. Ross plays a significant role in various storylines involving Wakanda, often acting as a liaison between the Wakandan government and the outside world.

## In other media

In the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), Everett K. Ross is portrayed by actor Martin Freeman. He appears in films such as _Captain America: Civil War_, _Black Panther_, and _Avengers: Infinity War_, where he is shown as an agent working with the U.S. government and becomes an ally to T'Challa and other characters.
Dioxirane

**Dioxirane** is a chemical compound and a functional group in organic chemistry.

Chemical structure: The chemical dioxirane is a ring of three atoms: one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.

Dioxirane has the chemical formula . Replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms with other atoms or groups gives the **dioxiranes**, which have the functional group .

The parent molecule dioxirane is very unstable and has no uses other than research. Other dioxiranes, such as dimethyldioxirane, are used as oxidising agents in organic synthesis.

## Preparation

Dioxiranes can be made from ketones by oxidation. Potassium peroxymonosulfate (oxone) can be used for this reaction.
2025 Enderlin tornado

In the late-night hours of June 20, 2025, a large and very violent EF5 tornado moved through areas near Enderlin, North Dakota. It was part of a larger outbreak that happened across the northern Great Plains between June 19–22.

## Tornado

The tornado touched down at 11:02 p.m. CDT along 58th Street SE, 3.8 miles south of Enderlin. It ended at 11:21 p.m. CDT, about five miles southwest of Alice. The tornado lasted for about 19 minutes. It had a path length of .

The tornado was originally called by the National Weather Service (NWS) as **Enderlin Tornado #1**. Three people died in the tornado. The three deaths occurred at two different locations along the tornado's path. It was the deadliest tornado to strike the state since 1978, when an F4 tornado killed five people in Elgin.

## Rating

It was the first to be rated EF5 on the Enhanced Fujita scale since the Moore, Oklahoma tornado on May 20, 2013, ending a historic 12-year-long drought of EF5 tornadoes.

The tornado was the first of such intensity in North Dakota since the 1957 Fargo tornado.

Along with the 2011 Hackleburg–Phil Campbell tornado, 2011 El Reno–Piedmont tornado, and 2013 Moore tornado, this tornado has the highest rated official wind speed on the Enhanced Fujita Scale.

## Other websites

- ...Enderlin Tornado #1 Upgraded to EF-5... at the Iowa Environmental Mesonet
Elgin, North Dakota

**Elgin** is a city in Grant County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 543 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Elgin, North Dakota
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: ND Grant County Elgin.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Elgin, North Dakota
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: North Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in North Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Grant County, North Dakota, Grant
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1910
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2.13
- **area land km2**: 2.13
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.82
- **area land sq mi**: 0.82
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population est**: 524
- **pop est as of**: 2024
- **population total**: 543
- **population density km2**: 254.89
- **population density sq mi**: 659.78
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **elevation m**: 717
- **elevation ft**: 2352
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 58533
- **area code**: Area code 701, 701
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 38-23020
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1036020
Carson, North Dakota

**Carson** is a city in and the county seat of Grant County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 254 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Carson, North Dakota
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Carson, North Dakota 6-12-2009.jpg
- **image caption**: Business District of Carson
- **image map**: ND Grant County Carson.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Carson, North Dakota
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: North Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in North Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Grant County, North Dakota, Grant
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1910
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 10.34
- **area land km2**: 10.34
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 3.99
- **area land sq mi**: 3.99
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population est**: 245
- **pop est as of**: 2024
- **population total**: 254
- **population density km2**: 24.57
- **population density sq mi**: 63.64
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **elevation m**: 705
- **elevation ft**: 2313
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 58529
- **area code**: Area code 701, 701
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 38-12460
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1035956
Lisbon, North Dakota

**Lisbon** is a city in and the county seat of Ransom County, North Dakota, United States.
The population was 2,204 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lisbon, North Dakota
- **settlement type**: City
- **blank emblem type**: Icon
- **blank emblem size**: 160px
- **motto**: "A Place to Call Home!"
- **image skyline**: Ransom County Courthouse 2008.jpg
- **image caption**: Ransom County Courthouse in Lisbon
- **image map**: ND Ransom County Lisbon.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Lisbon, North Dakota
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: North Dakota
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in North Dakota, County
- **subdivision name2**: Ransom County, North Dakota, Ransom
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Tim Meyer
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1880
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 5.94
- **area land km2**: 5.94
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 2.29
- **area land sq mi**: 2.29
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population est**: 2175
- **pop est as of**: 2024
- **population total**: 2204
- **population density km2**: 371.08
- **population density sq mi**: 961.19
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 333
- **elevation ft**: 1093
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 58054
- **area code**: Area code 701, 701
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 38-47100
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1036133
- **blank2 name**: List of North Dakota numbered highways, Highways
- **blank2 info**: North Dakota Highway 27, ND 27, North Dakota Highway 32, ND 32
Halid Bešlić

**Halid Bešlić** (; 20 November 1953 – 7 October 2025) was a Bosnian folk singer and musician. He performed professionally from 1979 until his death in 2025. His singing career was one of the most successful in Yugoslavia. He was popular in the Balkan region.

## Career

His first musical releases were eight singles between 1979 and 1982, with his first studio album, titled _Sijedi starac_ (_White Haired Old Man_), being released in 1981.

Bešlić also had many popular songs in the 2000s and 2010s. The 2003 album _Prvi poljubac_ (First Kiss) had the hit song of the same name. The song "Miljacka" was on his 2007 album _Halid 08_ and the songs "Štiklom o kamen" (High Heels on Stone) and "Kad zaigra srce od meraka" (When the Heart Dances with Joy) were on _Romanija_ (2013). The album _Trebević_ was released in February 2020.

## Personal life

In 2009, Bešlić was in a coma for a short time after surviving a car accident.

### Death

In late August 2025, Bešlić was forced to cancel his concert in Gradačac because of health problems. He was hospitalized in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina for kidney-related treatment. In September 2025, his manager revealed that Bešlić was being treated in the oncology department.

Bešlić died on 7 October 2025 in Sarajevo from problems caused by kidney cancer at the age of 71.

## Other websites

- Halid Beslic 15 Godina Estrade - 1 Nimfa Sound Album

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Halid Bešlić
- **image**: Halid bešlić.jpg
- **caption**: Bešlić in 2007
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Knežina, Sokolac, Knežina, PR Bosnia and Herzegovina, FPR Yugoslavia
- **death place**: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **genre**: Pop-folk, Folk music, folk
- **occupation**: Musician, singer
- **years active**: 1979–2025
- **label**: Nimfa Sound, Diskoton, Jugoton, City Records
Imide

**Imide** is a functional group in organic chemistry. It is a nitrogen atom connected to two acyl groups. The name "imide" can mean all compounds that have this group, or just cyclic compounds. Oxidation of lactams can be used to make cyclic imides.
West Quincy, Missouri

**West Quincy, Missouri** is an area west of Quincy, Illinois. It was created in 1874. No one lives there. There are business places there.
Eva Gardner

**Eva Catherine Gardner** (born February 17, 1979) is an American bassist from Los Angeles. A founding member of The Mars Volta, she has been a studio and touring musician in bands for Cher, Gwen Stefani, P!NK, Veruca Salt and Tegan and Sara.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Eva Gardner
- **image**: Eva Gardner 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Gardner with her signature Fender Precision bass in 2013
- **birth name**: Eva Catherine Gardner
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **origin**: United States
- **genre**: Progressive rock, experimental rock
- **occupation**: Bassist
- **associated acts**: Gwen Stefani, Pink (singer), Pink, Cher, The Mars Volta, Veruca Salt (band), Veruca Salt, Tegan and Sara
Marcel Rodríguez-López

**Marcellus Rodríguez-López** (born September 29, 1983) is an American multi-instrumentalist musician and younger brother of Omar Rodríguez-López. He is best known as the keyboardist and percussionist of the Mars Volta and the drummer for Zechs Marquise. He also produces electronic music under the name Eureka the Butcher and has performed with De Facto since 2024.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Marcel Rodríguez-López
- **image**: Marcel Rodriguez-Lopez.JPG
- **caption**: Marcel Rodríguez-López in 2008
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Marcel Rodríguez-López
- **alias**: Eureka the Butcher
- **birth place**: Columbia, South Carolina
Mario Strikers: Battle League

***Mario Strikers: Battle League*** is a 2022 sports video game made by Next Level Games and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch. It came out on June 10, 2022. It is the third game in the  series,  which is part of the _Mario_ games. The game received both good and bad reviews, with some people liking its gameplay, multiplayer, and presentation, though it also received bad reviews for its limited single player content and characters.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Mario Strikers: Battle League
- **developer**: Next Level Games
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **series**: _List of Mario sports games#Mario Strikers games, Mario Strikers_
- **genre**: Sports video game, Sports
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, multiplayer video game, multiplayer
- **platforms**: Nintendo Switch
- **released**: June 10, 2022
Omar Rodríguez-López

**Omar Alfredo Rodríguez-López** (born September 1, 1975) is a Puerto Rican guitarist, songwriter, record producer and filmmaker. He has formed or played in several bands, including The Mars Volta, At the Drive-In, Antemasque, and Bosnian Rainbows. He was the bassist for the dub band De Facto. He has begun a solo career, both in studio and in concert, frequently described as experimental, avant-garde, or progressive. He has also collaborated with numerous artists, such as Damo Suzuki, John Frusciante, El-P, Mon Laferte and Calle 13.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Omar Rodríguez-López
- **image**: Omar Rodríguez-López - At the Drive-In - Frequency Festival - 2017-08-15-18-36-34.jpg
- **caption**: Rodríguez-López in 2017
- **birth name**: Omar Alfredo Rodríguez-López
- **birth place**: Bayamón, Puerto Rico
- **origin**: El Paso, Texas, U.S.
- **instrument**: Guitar, bass, synthesizer
- **years active**: 1990–present
Paramabhattaraka

**Paramabhattaraka** (Sanskrit: **परमभट्टारक**) is an ancient Indian royal honorific meaning “supreme overlord” or “venerable sovereign.” The title was historically used by rulers to assert paramount authority and sovereignty over their territories and subordinate kings.

The Abhira kings, who ruled parts of western and central India during the early centuries of the Common Era, prominently used the title Paramabhattaraka. It denoted their status as paramount sovereigns and emphasized their political, military, and cultural authority.
2006 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election

The **2006 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election** was held on 20 September 2006 after the current party leader and Prime Minister of Japan Junichiro Koizumi announced his plans to resign, a year after he led the party to landslide victory in the 2005 snap general election.

Shinzo Abe won the election. However he resigned a year later, causing the another leadership election for the next year. The other candidates were Sadakazu Tanigaki and Tarō Asō. Yasuo Fukuda was originally the frontrunner, but he chose not to run.

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2006 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election
- **country**: Japan
- **type**: presidential
- **vote type**: Caucus
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: 2003 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election
- **previous year**: 2003
- **next election**: 2007 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election
- **next year**: 2007
- **election date**: 20 September 2006
- **1blank**: LDP National Diet, MPs
- **2blank**: Party members
- **3blank**: Total
- **color1**: 438C15
- **candidate1**: **Shinzo Abe**
- **1data1**: **267**
- **2data1**: **197**
- **3data1**: **464**
- **color2**: 9370DB
- **candidate2**: Tarō Asō
- **1data2**: 69
- **2data2**: 67
- **3data2**: 136
- **color3**: CC0033
- **candidate3**: Sadakazu Tanigaki
- **1data3**: 66
- **2data3**: 36
- **3data3**: 102
- **title**: President
- **before election**: Junichiro Koizumi
- **after election**: Shinzo Abe
2007 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election

The **2007 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election** was held on 23 September 2007 after the current party leader and Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe announced that he would resign on 12 September 2007. Abe had only been elected to the role less than a year earlier.

Yasuo Fukuda beat Tarō Asō in the election, receiving 330 votes against 197 votes for Asō.

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2007 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election
- **country**: Japan
- **type**: presidential
- **vote type**: Caucus
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: 2006 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election
- **previous year**: 2006
- **next election**: 2008 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election
- **next year**: 2008
- **election date**: 23 September 2007
- **1blank**: LDP National Diet, MPs
- **2blank**: Party members
- **3blank**: Total
- **color1**: 438C15
- **candidate1**: **Yasuo Fukuda**
- **1data1**: **254**
- **2data1**: **76**
- **3data1**: **330**
- **color2**: 9370DB
- **candidate2**: Tarō Asō
- **1data2**: 132
- **2data2**: 65
- **3data2**: 197
- **title**: President
- **before election**: Shinzō Abe
- **after election**: Yasuo Fukuda
2008 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election

The **2008 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election** was held on 22 September 2008 after the current party leader and Prime Minister of Japan Yasuo Fukuda announced that he would resign on 1 September 2008, only 11 months after taking office on 25 September 2007 following a leadership election on 23 September 2007.

Tarō Asō, who had lost to Shinzo Abe in the 2006 leadership election and then again lost to Fukuda in 2007, was widely seen as the frontrunner to replace him. Asō announced on 2 September 2008 he was ready to take over as party leader.

Asō won the leadership election against four other candidates, winning 67% of the vote.

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2008 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election
- **country**: Japan
- **type**: presidential
- **vote type**: Caucus
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: 2007 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election
- **previous year**: 2007
- **next election**: 2009 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election
- **next year**: 2009
- **election date**: 22 September 2008
- **1blank**: LDP National Diet, MPs
- **2blank**: Party members
- **3blank**: Total
- **color1**: 9370DB
- **candidate1**: **Tarō Asō**
- **1data1**: **217**
- **2data1**: **134**
- **3data1**: **351**
- **color2**: FF7900
- **candidate2**: Kaoru Yosano
- **1data2**: 64
- **2data2**: 2
- **3data2**: 66
- **color3**: 438C15
- **candidate3**: Yuriko Koike
- **1data3**: 46
- **2data3**: 0
- **3data3**: 46
- **color4**: F2BA42
- **candidate4**: Nobuteru Ishihara
- **1data4**: 36
- **2data4**: 1
- **3data4**: 37
- **color5**: 0B75D9
- **candidate5**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **1data5**: 21
- **2data5**: 4
- **3data5**: 25
- **title**: President
- **before election**: Yasuo Fukuda
- **after election**: Tarō Asō
2009 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election

A **presidential election** was held in the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan on 28 September 2009 after the current party leader and outgoing Prime Minister of Japan Tarō Asō announced that he would resign after losing badly in the general election held on 30 August 2009.

Asō announced on 8 September he would resign on 16 September 2009, which he did as planned.

Sadakazu Tanigaki was elected with 300 of 498 ballots on 28 September 2009.

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2009 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election
- **country**: Japan
- **type**: presidential
- **vote type**: Caucus
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: 2008 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election
- **previous year**: 2008
- **next election**: 2012 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election
- **next year**: 2012
- **election date**: 28 September 2009
- **1blank**: LDP National Diet, MPs
- **2blank**: Party members
- **3blank**: Total
- **color1**: CC0033
- **candidate1**: **Sadakazu Tanigaki**
- **1data1**: **120**
- **2data1**: **180**
- **3data1**: **300**
- **color2**: D2BA43
- **candidate2**: Tarō Kōno
- **1data2**: 35
- **2data2**: 109
- **3data2**: 144
- **color3**: 438C15
- **candidate3**: Yasutoshi Nishimura
- **1data3**: 43
- **2data3**: 11
- **3data3**: 54
- **title**: President
- **before election**: Tarō Asō
- **after election**: Sadakazu Tanigaki
2012 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election

A **presidential election** was held on 26 September 2012 to elect the next president of the Liberal Democratic Party for a new 3-year term.

The leadership election was held on September 26, 2012, when Sadakazu Tanigaki's term of office expired. Three years after last general election, support for the ruling Democratic Party had been weak. Tanigaki decided not to run for re-election, even though he wished to run again before.

Former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was elected president again, having served as LDP president from 2006 to 2007.

### Declared

|colspan="2" style="width:110px;"|Candidate(s)|Date of birth|class="unsortable"|Current position|Party faction|Electoral district|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Shinzo Abe**|style="background:#438C15|||Member of the House of Representatives|Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai <small> (Machimura) </small>|Yamaguchi 4th|
|**Shigeru Ishiba**|style="background:#0C75D8|||Member of the House of Representatives||Tottori 1st|
|**Nobuteru Ishihara**|style="background:#F2BA42|||Member of the House of Representatives Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party|Kinmirai Seiji Kenkyūkai <small> (Yamasaki) </small>|Tokyo 8th|
|**Nobutaka Machimura**|style="background:#00CCCB|||Member of the House of Representatives|Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai <small> (Machimura) </small>|Hokkaido 5th|
|**Yoshimasa Hayashi**|style="background:#CC0033|||Member of the House of Councillors|Kōchikai <small> (Koga) </small>|Yamaguchi at-large|

### Withdrawn

|colspan="2" style="width:110px;"|Candidate(s)|Date of birth|class="unsortable"|Current positions|Party faction|Electoral District|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Sadakazu Tanigaki**|style="background:#CC0033|||**President of the Liberal Democratic Party** Member of the House of Representatives|Kōchikai <small> (Koga) </small>|Kyoto 5th|

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2012 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election
- **flag image**: 自民党Logo.svg
- **type**: legislative
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: 2009 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election
- **previous year**: 2009
- **next election**: 2015 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election
- **next year**: 2015
- **election date**: 26 September 2012
- **1blank**: First round
- **2blank**: Runoff vote
- **image1**: Shinzō Abe 20120501 (cropped).jpg
- **candidate1**: **Shinzo Abe**
- **color1**: 438C15
- **leaders seat1**: Yamaguchi 4th district, Yamaguchi 4th
- **1data1**: 141 (28.37%)
- **2data1**: **108 (54.82%)**
- **image2**: Shigeru Ishiba 20151007 (cropped).jpg
- **candidate2**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **color2**: 0C75D8
- **leaders seat2**: Tottori 1st district, Tottori 1st
- **1data2**: **199 (40.04%)**
- **2data2**: 89 (45.18%)
- **image3**: Isihara Nobuteru 2012.jpg
- **candidate3**: Nobuteru Ishihara
- **color3**: F2BA42
- **leaders seat3**: Tokyo 8th district, Tokyo 8th
- **1data3**: 96 (19.32%)
- **2data3**: _Eliminated_
- **title**: President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), President
- **before election**: Sadakazu Tanigaki
- **after election**: Shinzo Abe
2015 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election

A **presidential election** was set to be held on 20 September 2015 to elect the next president of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan for a new 3-year term. Incumbent president Shinzo Abe was running for re-election.

Since no other candidates besides Abe received enough nominations to be a candidate, Abe was re-elected on 8 September 2015 without a vote.

Minister of State for Science and Technology Policy Seiko Noda wanted to run, but did not have enough support to qualify as a candidate.

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2015 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election
- **flag image**: 自民党Logo.svg
- **type**: legislative
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: 2012 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election
- **previous year**: 2012
- **next election**: 2018 Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) presidential election
- **next year**: 2018
- **election date**: 8 September 2015
- **1blank**: LDP National Diet, MPs
- **2blank**: Members
- **3blank**: Total votes
- **image1**:
- **candidate1**: **Shinzo Abe**
- **color1**: 438C15
- **leaders seat1**: Yamaguchi 4th district, Yamaguchi 4th
- **1data1**: ***Unopposed***
- **2data1**: ***Unopposed***
- **3data1**: ***Unopposed***
- **title**: President of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), President
- **before election**: Shinzo Abe
- **after election**: Shinzo Abe
Yoshiko Ishiba

**Yoshiko Ishiba** ( **Nakamura**; born 26 August 1956) is the wife of Shigeru Ishiba, the former prime minister of Japan. She worked for Marubeni.

She married Shigeru Ishiba in 1983 and has two daughters with him.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Yoshiko Ishiba
- **image**: Yoshiko Ishiba 20250110.jpg
- **caption**: Ishiba in 2025
- **office**: Spouse of the Prime Minister of Japan
- **term label**: In role
- **term**: 1 October 2024 – 21 October 2025
- **monarch**: Naruhito
- **primeminister**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **predecessor**: Yuko Kishida
- **successor**: Taku Yamamoto
- **birth name**: Yoshiko Nakamura
(中村佳子)
- **birth place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **alma mater**: Keio University
- **children**: 2
- **native name lang**: ja
Yuko Kishida

**Yuko Kishida** (, _Kishida Yūko_;  **Wada**; born 15 August 1964) is the wife of the former Prime Minister of Japan, Fumio Kishida.

She joined Mazda to work as secretary of vice president Yoshihiro Wada in 1987 after graduating from TWCU. She married Fumio Kishida in 1988 and has three sons with him.

On 4 October 2021, she became the First Lady of Japan because her husband became the 100th Prime Minister of Japan after winning the 2021 LDP presidential election.

On 17 April 2023, Yuko Kishida traveled solo to the United States at the invitation of the First Lady, Jill Biden, making her the first spouse of a Japanese Prime Minister to have made a solo visit to the United States.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Yuko Kishida
- **image**: Yūko Kishida 20230101.jpg
- **term label**: In role
- **office**: Spouse of the Prime Minister of Japan
- **term start**: 4 October 2021
- **term end**: 1 October 2024
- **monarch**: Naruhito
- **primeminister**: Fumio Kishida
- **predecessor**: Mariko Suga
- **successor**: Yoshiko Ishiba
- **birth place**: Miyoshi, Hiroshima, Miyoshi, Hiroshima Prefecture, Hiroshima, Japan
- **caption**: Kishida in 2023
- **alma mater**: Tokyo Women's Christian University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **children**: 3 (three sons)
- **native name lang**: ja
2023–2024 Japanese slush fund scandal

Beginning in November 2023, a scandal became known whent it was discovered that some politicians were not using campaign money legally. These politicians were members of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (LDP)'s conservative Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai and Shisuikai factions. The scandal became public after it was revealed the faction did not report over ¥600 million in campaign funds and hid them in illegal slush funds.

On 18–19 January 2024, three factions of the Liberal Democratic Party (Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyūkai, Kōchikai, and Shisuikai) all announced their plan to dissolve. Several Liberal Democratic Party lawmakers were indicted, including incumbent lawmakers Yasutada Ōno and Yaichi Tanigawa, who both resigned from the party following their indictments.

The scandal brought negative attention to the LDP and Prime Minister Fumio Kishida's government.
2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine

On 21 March 2023, Fumio Kishida, the Prime Minister of Japan, visited Ukraine. This was the first visit to Ukraine by the Prime Minister since the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Out of security concerns, plans for visit had not been made public.

Kishida became the first Prime Minister of Japan to visit a battlefield since the end of World War II.

## Infobox (event)

- **title**: 2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine
- **image**: 20230321ukraine 01.jpg
- **caption**: Prime Minister Kishida receiving greetings from President Zelenskyy.
- **location**: Kyiv and Bucha, Kyiv Oblast, Bucha, Ukraine
- **type**: Diplomatic visit
Attempted assassination of Fumio Kishida

On 15 April 2023, a pipe bomb exploded close to Fumio Kishida, the prime minister of Japan. Kishida went to the fishing port of Saikazaki, Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture, in the Kansai region to give a campaign speech for the 2023 Wakayama 1st district by-election.

## Attack

Just before Kishida was to give a speech, a man threw a pipe bomb. The man who threw the bomb was caught by local fishermen and the police. Kishida was not injured, because he was evacuated at the moment the pipe bomb was thrown.Fifty seconds after the bomb was thrown, it exploded, injuring two people.

The suspect, 24-year-old Ryūji Kimura (), had tried to run in the July 2022 Upper House election but was blocked due to his age.

## Aftermath

Following the incident, Kishida said, "I am sorry for causing many people to be concerned. We are in the middle of an important election for our country. We must carry this on together."

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **zoom**: 13


## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: Attempted assassination of Fumio Kishida
- **image**:

- **caption**: **Above**:  photographed from the opposite shore. (The structure in the center of the image is where Kishida was attacked. Photo taken 18 November 2018.)
**Below**: Fumio Kishida gives a press conference the next day regarding the explosion incident.
- **map size**: 300px
- **map alt**: Saikazaki fishing port
- **map caption**: Map around Saikazaki fishing port
- **native name**:

- **location**: Saikazaki fishing port, Saikazaki, Wakayama (city), Wakayama, Kansai region, Japan
- **target**: Fumio Kishida
- **timezone**: Japan Standard Time, JST, UTC+9
- **type**: Explosion by pipe bomb projectile
- **injuries**: 2
- **weapons**: Pipe bomb (30cm)
- **accused**: Ryūji Kimura ()
- **charges**: *Attempted murder
*Violation of gun and swords control law
*Violations of explosives control law
Mariko Suga

is the wife of the former Prime Minister of Japan, Yoshihide Suga.

Mariko Suga was born on 28 November 1953, in Shimizu, Shizuoka Prefecture. She studied home economics at Shizuoka Women's University.

Suga worked as a live-in housekeeper in the home of politician Hikosaburo Okonogi. She married Yoshihide Suga and they have three children.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mariko Suga
- **image**: Mariko Suga cropped 1 Mariko Suga Yoshihide Suga Nguyen Xuan Phuc and Tran Thi Nguyet Thu 20201019 2.jpg
- **caption**: Suga during a state visit of her husband to Vietnam in 2020
- **office**: Spouse of the Prime Minister of Japan
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: 16 September 2020
- **termend**: 4 October 2021
- **primeminister**: Yoshihide Suga
- **predecessor**: Akie Abe
- **successor**: Yuko Kishida
- **birth place**: Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
- **spouse**: Yoshihide Suga
- **children**: 3