juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Carshalton railway station

**Carshalton railway station** is a railway station at Carshalton in the London Borough of Sutton in Greater London. It is located between Sutton and Hackbridge.

The station opened on 1st October 1868. The two main trains that run in this station is Southern and Thameslink. This station is in fare zone 5.

## Platforms

There are two station in this station. Platform 1 is for trains towards Central London and Bedfordshire. This includes trains towards Victoria station, St Albans and Luton. Platform 2 is for southbound trains. This includes trains to Sutton (Surrey) and Epsom.

## Frequency

This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours.

### Up (northbound)

- 2 to Victoria Station via Balham station
- 1 to St Albans via St Pancras station
- 1 to Luton via St Pancras station

### Down (southbound)

- 2 to Sutton (Surrey) (_last stop_)
- 2 to Epsom via Sutton (Surrey)

## Buses

London buses routes 127, 157 and S3 operate at this station.

## Departures

This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line.

|Train|Towards|Calling Points|Approximate Journey Time|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Southern (train operating company)|Victoria Station|Hackbridge, Mitcham Junction, Mitcham Eastfields, Balham station, Clapham Junction railway station|29 minutes|
|Thameslink|Sutton (Surrey)|_Terminus_|3 minutes|
|Thameslink|Luton|Hackbridge, Mitcham Junction, Mitcham Eastfields, Streatham, Tulse Hill, Herne Hill railway station, Loughborough Junction, Elephant and Castle, Blackfriars station, City Thameslink, Farringdon station, St Pancras station, Kentish Town, West Hampstead Thameslink, Cricklewood, Hendon, Mill Hill Broadway, Elstree & Borehamwood, Radlett, St Albans, Harpenden, Luton Airport|1 hour 30 minutes|
|Thameslink|St Albans|Hackbridge, Mitcham Junction, Mitcham Eastfields, Tulse Hill, Herne Hill railway station, Loughborough Junction, Elephant and Castle, Blackfriars station, City Thameslink, Farringdon station, St Pancras station, Kentish Town, West Hampstead Thameslink, Cricklewood, Hendon, Mill Hill Broadway, Elstree & Borehamwood, Radlett|1 hour 16 minutes|
|Southern (train operating company)|Epsom|Sutton (Surrey), Cheam, Ewell East|14 minutes|

## Other websites

- Live Departure Boards - National Rail Enquiries

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Carshalton
- **symbol**: rail
- **manager**: Southern (train operating company), GTR Southern
- **owner**: Network rail
- **owner1**: Transport for London
- **locale**: Sutton
- **borough**: London Borough of Sutton
- **image name**: File:Carshalton_Station.jpg
- **caption**: The exterior of Carshalton station
- **platforms**: 2
- **fare zone**: 5
- **railcode**: CSH
- **access**: yes
- **years1**: 1st October 1868
- **events1**: Carshalton Station opened
Beah Richards

**Beah Richards** (July 12, 1920 – September 14, 2000) was an American actress. She performed on stage, in movies and on television. During her career, she received two Primetime Emmy Awards for her performances on television.

Richards made many guest television appearances in shows, like _The Bill Cosby Show_, _Designing Women_ and _ER_.

Richards was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Emphysema took her life in September 2000. She was age 80.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Beah Richards
- **image**: Beah Richards Bill Cosby Show 1970 (cropped).JPG
- **caption**: Beah Richards on _The Bill Cosby Show_ (1970)
- **birth name**: Beulah Elizabeth Richardson
- **birth place**: Vicksburg, Mississippi, U.S.
- **death cause**: Emphysema
- **death place**: Vicksburg, Mississippi, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Dillard University
- **occupation**: Actress
- **notable works**: _Guess Who's Coming to Dinner_
_Roots: The Next Generations_
- **years active**: 1955–2000
- **spouse**: Hugh Harrell Jr. (divorced)
ER (TV series)

***ER*** is an American medical drama television series that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994 to April 2, 2009. Novelist Michael Crichton was the creator of the show.

## Overview

The show is about the fictional County General Hospital in Chicago. It showed stories from the emergency room.

_ER_ won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards. It won 116 awards overall, including the Peabody Award. The show was nominated for 124 Emmys.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Medicine, Medical drama
- **creator**: Michael Crichton
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 15
- **num episodes**: 331
- **list episodes**: List of ER episodes
- **camera**: Single camera setup, Single
- **runtime**: 45 minutes
- **network**: NBC
- **related**: _Third Watch_
ZooParc de Beauval

The **ZooParc de Beauval** (or **Beauval zoo**) is a zoo in Saint-Aignan, Loir-et-Cher. It has nearly 35,000 animals, including two giant pandas, found nowhere else in France. It was created in 1980 by Françoise Delord. It is considered to be one of the largest zoos in Europe.
Jib

A **jib** is a triangular sail that sets ahead of the foremast of a sailing vessel. Its tack (lower leading edge) is attached to the bowsprit, to the bow, or to the deck between the bowsprit and the foremost mast. Jibs and spinnakers are the two main types of headsails on a modern boat.

## Traditional vessels

Schooners typically have up to three jibs. The foremost one sets on the topmast forestay and is generally called the _jib topsail_. A second jib on the main forestay is called _the jib_. The innermost jib is called _the staysail_. Actually, all three sails are both jibs and staysails, in a general sense. A large square-rigged ship typically has four jibs, but could have as many as six.

From forward (fore) to the back of the boat (aft), these sails are called:
- Jib of jibs
- Spindle jib
- Flying jib
- Outer jib
- Inner jib
- Fore (topmast) staysail.

The first two were rarely used except by clipper ships in light winds. A storm jib was a small jib of heavy canvas set to a stay to help to control the ship in bad weather.

## Modern vessels

Boats may be sailed using a jib alone. More commonly jib(s) make a minor direct contribution to moving the boat, compared to a mainsail. Generally, a jib's most important function is as an airfoil, increasing performance and overall stability of the mainsail.

On boats with only one jib, it is common for the clew of the jib to be further aft than the mast, meaning the jib and mainsail overlap. An overlapping jib is called a _genoa jib_ or simply a genoa (see illustration). These are efficiently used when reaching more broadly than a close reach. Alternatively, a boat may carry smaller jibs, to compensate aerodynamics when the mainsail is reefed; these more rugged sails are called _storm jibs_ or _spitfires_.

On a boat with two staysails the inner sail is called the _staysail_, and the outer (foremost) is called the jib. This combination of two staysails is called a _cutter rig_ (or in North America a _yankee pair_) and a boat with one mast rigged with two staysails and a mainsail is called a cutter.

On cruising yachts, and nearly all racing sailboats, the jib needs to be worked when tacking. On these yachts, there are two sheets (ropes) attached to the clew of the jib. As the yacht comes head to wind during a tack, the active sheet is released. At the same time the other sheet (the _lazy sheet_) on the other side of the boat is pulled in. This sheet becomes the new _active sheet_ until the next tack.

## Other websites

- Beginners Guide to Sailing - An Introduction; YouTube
Brian

**Brian** brahy-uhn is a common name in the English language. This name was ranked #288 on the US Popular Names in 2021. The name came from Irish and Breton origins. The name is also a surname of Occitan origins.The exact meaning of Brian is not known. However, it is possible the  name is from Old Celtic, meaning "high" or "noble".

## People named Brian

- Brian Blessed (born 1937), English actor
- Brian Clough (1935–2004), British football manager
- Brian Cowen (born 1960), former Taoiseach (Prime Minister) of the Republic of Ireland
- Brian Cox (born 1946), Scottish actor
- Brian De Palma (born 1940), American film director
- Brian Eno (born 1948), English electronic musician, music theorist and record producer
- Brian Epstein (1934–1967), English businessperson, manager of The Beatles
- Brian Johnson (born 1947), member and lead vocalist of the hard rock band AC/DC
- Brian Jones (1942–1969), founding member, guitarist and multi-instrumentalist in the English rock group The Rolling Stones
- Brian Jossie (born 1977), American professional wrestler performing under the ring name of _Abraham Washington_
- Brian Joubert (born 1984), French figure skater and 2007 World Champion
- Brian Lara (born 1969), former West Indian cricketer
- Brian Laudrup (born 1969), former Danish international soccer player
- Brian Littrell (born 1975), member of the boy band, The Backstreet Boys
- Brian May (born 1947), famous guitarist from the band, Queen
- Brian Molko (born 1972), lead vocalist of the band Placebo
- Brian Mulroney (born 1939), former Canadian prime minister (1984–1993)
- Brian Williams (born 1959), anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News on the NBC Television Network
- Brian Wilson (born 1942), member of American music group, The Beach Boys
- Brian Wilson (born 1982), pitcher for the San Francisco Giants
- Brian Condenanza (born 1999), is an Argentine entrepreneur and investor
Hurricane Otto

**Hurricane Otto** was a strong tropical cyclone in November 2016. The storm was the southernmost hurricane on record to hit Central America. It was also the first Atlantic storm to survive the crossover into the Pacific Ocean since Hurricane Cesar-Douglas in 1996.

Otto started late on November 21 in the southwest Caribbean Sea.

Costa Rica, southern Nicaragua and Panama had heavy damage from the storm.

At least 23 people died because of Hurricane Otto.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Otto
- **type**: Hurricane
- **year**: 2016
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Otto 2016-11-24 1605Z.jpg
- **image name**: Hurricane Otto nearing landfall in southern Nicaragua at peak intensity on November 24
- **formed**: November 21, 2016
- **dissipated**: November 26, 2016
- **1-min winds**: 100
- **pressure**: 975
- **damages**: 34
- **damagespost**: Costa Rica total only
- **fatalities**: 23 total
- **areas**: Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua
- **hurricane season**: 2016 Atlantic hurricane season and 2016 Pacific hurricane season
NES Classic Edition

The **NES Classic Edition** (also known as **NES Mini**) is a smaller version of the Nintendo Entertainment System with 30 games pre-installed. It is also known as the Famicom Mini in Japan. It was released in North America and Europe on November 11, 2016, in Japan and Australia on November 10, 2016,
and November 23, 2016 in Russia. The console comes with one controller. The cable of the controller is 0.7 meter long.

The Super NES Classic Edition, released in 2017, is the successor to the NES Classic Edition.

## Hardware

The console features a 720p HDMI display output and controllers that are similar to the original NES controller. The console also includes an emulation engine developed by Nintendo European Research and Development.

## Games

The NES Mini comes with 30 games. Each game can be saved. There are 4 save states for each game.

All versions of the console (no matter what region) include the following games:
- Balloon Fight
- Castlevania
- Donkey Kong
- Double Dragon II: The Revenge
- Dr. Mario
- Excitebike
- Galaga
- Ghosts 'n Goblins
- Gradius
- Ice Climber
- Kirby's Adventure
- Mario Bros.
- Mega Man 2
- Metroid
- Ninja Gaiden
- Pac-Man
- Super C
- Super Mario Bros.
- Super Mario Bros. 2
- Super Mario Bros. 3
- The Legend of Zelda
- Zelda II: The Adventure of Link

The North American, European, and Australian versions have the following exclusive games:
- Bubble Bobble
- Castlevania II: Simon's Quest
- Donkey Kong Jr.
- Final Fantasy
- Kid Icarus
- Punch-Out!! Featuring Mr. Dream
- StarTropics
- Tecmo Bowl

The Japanese "Famicom" version has the following exclusive games:
- Atlantis no Nazo
- Downtown Nekketsu Kōshinkyoku: Soreyuke Daiundōkai
- Downtown Nekketsu Monogatari
- Final Fantasy III
- NES Open Tournament Golf
- Solomon's Key
- Tsuppari Ōzumō
- Yie Ar Kung-Fu

## Reception

Some people think that the cables of the controllers of the NES Mini are too short.

### Sales

The NES and SNES Classic editions sold more than 10 million units by September 30, 2018.
Morton Sobell

**Morton Sobell** (born April 11, 1917 in New York City, died December 26, 2018) was an American engineer with General Electric and Reeves Electronics. He worked on military and government contracts. He was found guilty of spying for the Soviets as a part of a ring that included Julius Rosenberg and others. Sobell was tried and convicted of espionage in 1951 and sentenced to 30 years in prison. He was released in 1969 after spending 17 years and 9 months in prison.

In 2008, at the age of 91, he told _The New York Times_ that he did turn over military secrets to the Soviets during World War II. This was the first time he publicly admitted guilt.

Sobell died on December 26, 2018. He was 101 years old.

## Other websites

- An Interactive Rosenberg Espionage Ring Timeline and Archive
- Morton Sobell de-classified FBI records
Sumner Redstone

**Sumner Murray Redstone** (born **Sumner Murray Rothstein**; May 27, 1923 – August 11, 2020) was an American businessman and media magnate. He was the majority owner and chairman of the board of the National Amusements theater chain. Redstone and his family are majority owners of CBS Corporation and Viacom (itself the parent company of Viacom Media Networks, BET Networks, and the movie studio Paramount Pictures).

According to _Forbes_, as of September 2015, he was worth US$5 billion.

Redstone was formerly the executive chairman of both CBS and Viacom. In February 2016, at the age of 92, a week after a court-ordered examination by a geriatric psychiatrist, Redstone resigned both chairmanships, replaced by Leslie Moonves at CBS and Philippe Dauman at Viacom. Redstone then became chairman emeritus.

Redstone was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Harvard College and at Georgetown University. He was married to Phyllis Raphael from 1947 until they divorced in 1999. He then was married to Paula Fortunato from 2002 until they divorced in 2009. He had two children: Brent and Shari.

Redstone died on August 11, 2020 at his mansion in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 97.

## Other websites

- Sumner Redstone  at Viacom, Inc.
- Sumner Redstone Foundation
Sid Hartman

**Sid  Hartman** (March 15, 1920 – October 18, 2020) was an American sports journalist for the Minneapolis _Star Tribune_ and the WCCO 830 AM radio station. He was also a 20-year panelist on the weekly Sports Show with Mike Max, which aired Sunday nights at 9:30 p.m. on WUCW 23 in the Twin Cities metro area.

Hartman died on October 18, 2020 in Minneapolis at the age of 100.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sid Hartman
- **image**: 2013-0427-SidHartman.jpg
- **caption**: Hartman covering the 2013 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, Minnesota Gophers Spring Game
- **birth place**: Minneapolis, Minnesota
- **death place**: Minneapolis, Minnesota
- **occupation**: Sports journalist
- **children**: Chad Hartman
- **years active**: 1945-2020
- **credits**: _Star Tribune_
Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman

**Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman** (), also **Shtainman** or **Steinman** (November 3, 1914 – December 12, 2017), was a well-known Haredi rabbi and posek (halakhic authority) in Bnei Brak, Israel. Following the death of Rabbi Yosef Shalom Elyashiv in 2012, he was widely regarded as the Gadol Hador (Leader of the Generation), the leader of the non-Hasidic Lithuanian world.

## Infobox (religious leader)

- **honorific-prefix**: Rabbi
- **name**: Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman
- **image**: הרב שטיינמן 5.jpg
- **denomination**: Haredi Judaism
- **synagogueposition**: Rabbi
- **yeshiva**: Ponevezh Yeshiva, Ponevezh Yeshiva L'Tzi'irim
- **yeshivaposition**: Rosh Yeshiva
- **organization**: Degel HaTorah
- **organizationposition**: Posek
- **began**: 1955
- **ended**: Incumbent
- **birth name**: Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman
- **birth date**: c. 1913
- **birth place**: Brest, Belarus, Brest, Russian Empire
- **death date**: 12 December 2017 (age ~104)
- **death place**: Bnei Brak, Israel
- **nationality**: Israeli
- **residence**: Bnei Brak
- **spouse**: Tamar Kornfeld
- **children**: Rochel
3 other children
- **occupation**: Rabbi, Rosh yeshiva
- **alma mater**: Yeshivas Etz Chaim
Bob Dold

**Robert James "Bob" Dold Jr.** (born June 23, 1969) is an American politician. He was the U.S. representative for the 10th congressional district of Illinois. Dold served from 2011-2013, as well as 2015-2017. In the 2016 election, he lost to Congressman Brad Schneider. Robert is a member of the Republican Party.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bob Dold
- **image**: Robert Dold official portrait 114th Congress.jpg
- **state**: Illinois
- **term start**: January 3, 2015
- **term end**: January 3, 2017
- **predecessor**: Brad Schneider
- **successor**: Brad Schneider
- **term start1**: January 3, 2011
- **term end1**: January 3, 2013
- **predecessor1**: Mark Kirk
- **successor1**: Brad Schneider
- **birth name**: Robert James Dold Jr.
- **birth place**: Evanston, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Danielle Dold
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Denison University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
 (Juris Doctor, JD)
Northwestern University (MBA)
Jonas Mekas

**Jonas Mekas** (December 24, 1922 – January 23, 2019) was a Lithuanian-American filmmaker, poet and artist. He was often called "the godfather of American avant-garde cinema." His work were exhibited in museums and festivals worldwide.

His best known works were _Walden_, _Reminiscences of a Journey to Lithuania_ and _As I Was Moving Ahead Occasionally I Saw Brief Glimpses of Beauty_.

Mekas died on January 23, 2019 at his home in New York City at the age of 96.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Infobox (artist)

- **image**: Jonas Mekas.jpg
- **name**: Jonas Mekas
- **birth place**: Semeniškiai, Biržai, Lithuania
- **death place**: New York City, New York, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: Lithuanian, United States, American
- **field**: Movies
- **movement**: Experimental film, Avant-garde cinema
Camren Bicondova

**Camren Renee Bicondova** (born May 22, 1999) is an American actress, dancer and model. Bicondova is best known for her role as young Selina Kyle/Catwoman on the Fox television series _Gotham_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Camren Bicondova
- **image**: Camren Bicondova by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Bicondova at WonderCon 2017
- **birth name**: Camren Renee Bicondova
- **birth place**: San Diego, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, dancer, model
- **years active**: 2011–present
Jean-François Champollion University Center for Teaching and Research

**Institut national universitaire Jean-François Champollion** is a graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées.

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
- _Ingénieur ISIS_ (ISIS Graduate engineer Masters level program)
- Bachelor's degree
- Master of Science.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at Univ JFC.

## Research labs

Research activities at Univ JFC relate to the following topics:
- Education Physical Activity Intervention
- Albi Research and Legal Studies Group
- Computer science and information systems for health
- Public Policy, Environment and Societies
- Serious Game Research Lab
- Texts, contexts and borders

## Further reading

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Institut national universitaire Jean-François Champollion
- **established**: 2002
- **type**: Public, Graduate engineering school
- **city**: Albi, Castres, Tarn, Castres, Rodez
- **country**: France
- **affiliations**: Toulouse Tech
Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
- **website**: http://www.univ-jfc.fr
Desmond Morris

**Desmond John Morris** (born 24 January 1928) is an English zoologist, educator, ethologist and surrealist painter. He is a popular author in human sociobiology. He was known for writing _The Naked Ape_ (1967).

Morris was born in Purton, Wiltshire, England. He studied at Dauntsey's School in West Lavington, Wiltshire.

## Related pages

- List of biologists

## Other websites

- Official website including a complete biography
- Dinjet il-Qattus/Catlore by Desmond Morris , translated into Maltese by Toni Aquilina, D es Litt.
Nestlé Bear Brand

**Bear Brand** is a powdered milk. It was introduced in 1976. It was owned by Nestlé. It is a sterilized milk brand. The sterilized milk was introduced in 1906. The powdered milk was introduced in 1976. It is #6 among the top 50 "most popular fast-moving consumer goods" in the Philippines.

## Other websites

- https://www.nestle.com.ph/brands/dhns/bearbrand

## Infobox (brand)

- **name**: Bear Brand
- **image**:
- **type**: Milk brand
- **currentowner**: Nestlé
- **origin**: Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Malaysia, Brunei, India, Yemen, Nepal, Taiwan, Singapore, China, Iran, Bhutan, Hong Kong, Afghanistan
- **introduced**: (in sterilized milk)  (in powdered milk)
- **related**: Bärenmarke
- **markets**: Worldwide
- **previousowners**: Bernese Alps Milk Co. (in Sterilized milk)
Carshalton Beeches railway station

**Carshalton Beeches railway station** is a railway station in south Carshalton in the London Borough of Sutton in south London. It opened on the 1st October 1906. The train operator on this station is Southern (train operating company). This station is in fare zone 5.

## Platforms

There are two platforms on this station. Platform 1 is for northbound trains towards Victoria Station only. Platform 2 is for southbound trains towards, Sutton (Surrey), Epsom and Epsom Downs.

## Frequency

This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours.

### Up (Northbound)

- 6 trains to Victoria station including 4 trains via Norbury and 2 trains via Crystal Palace.
- 1 train to London Bridge (_until 9:00am_ and again at the _evening_)

### Down (Southbound)

- 4 trains to Sutton (Surrey) (_last stop_)
- 1 train to Epsom
- 1 train to Epsom Downs
- 1 train to Dorking (_until 7:00am_ and again at the _evening_)

## Buses

London buses routes 154 operate at this station.

## Departures

This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to  get to the end of the line.

|Train|Towards|Calling Points|Approximate Journey Time|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Southern (train operating company)|Epsom Downs|Sutton (Surrey), Belmont, Banstead|14 minutes|
|Southern (train operating company)|Victoria Station via Norbury|Wallington railway station, Waddon, West Croydon, Selhurst, Thornton Heath, Norbury, Streatham Common, Balham station, Wandsworth Common, Clapham Junction railway station, Battersea Park|39 minutes|
|Southern (train operating company)|Victoria Station via Crystal Palace|Wallington railway station, Waddon, West Croydon, Crystal Palace, Gipsy Hill, West Norwood, Streatham Hill, Balham station, Wandsworth Common, Clapham Junction railway station, Battersea Park|47 minutes|
|Southern (train operating company)|Sutton (Surrey)|_Terminus_|3 minutes|
|Southern (train operating company)|Epsom|Sutton (Surrey), Cheam, Ewell East|14 minutes|
|Southern (train operating company)|London Bridge (until _9:00 am_ and again at the _evening_)|Wallington, Waddon, West Croydon, Norwood Junction, Sydenham, Forest Hill, Honor Oak Park, Brockley, New Cross Gate|38 minutes|
|Southern (train operating company)|Dorking (until _7:00am and again at the _evening'')|Sutton (Surrey), Cheam, Ewell East, Epsom, Ashtead, Leatherhead|28 minutes|

## Other websites

- National Rail Enquiries - Station facilities for Carshalton Beeches
- Live Departure Boards - National Rail Enquiries
- Carshalton Beeches Rail Station - Transport for London

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Carshalton Beeches
- **symbol**: rail
- **manager**: Southern (train operating company), GTR Southern
- **owner**: Network Rail
- **owner1**: Transport for London
- **locale**: Carshalton
- **borough**: London Borough of Sutton
- **image name**: File:Carshalton Beeches Station 02.JPG
- **caption**: Platform 2 of Carshalton Beeches Station
- **platforms**: 2
- **fare zone**: 5
- **railcode**: CSB
- **access**: yes
- **years1**: 1st October 1906
- **events1**: Carshalton Beeches Station opened
Clarel (poem)

**Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land** is an epic poem by American writer and poet Herman Melville. The work was published in New York by G. P. Putnam & Company in 1876. It was author's last big book. The poem is really huge. It is composed of four parts. It consists of 150 cantos and comprises almost 18, 000 lines. It is written in rhymed verse. All the poem is written in iambic tetrameter, only final section is written in iambic pentameter. In some places the poet uses alliteration. The poem tells about a young man, named Clarel, who went on a trip to the Holy Land. The journey became for him a pilgrimage. The main theme of the poem is the seeking for faith. The main hero had lost his faith during his studies and wanted it back. One of his companions, named Vine, is believed to be a portrait of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne was Melville's friend and a writer, too. The poem ends with some words of hope for the hero.

<poem>
_Then keep thy heart, though yet but ill-resigned --_
_Clarel, thy heart, the issues there but mind;_
_That like the crocus budding through the snow --_
_That like a swimmer rising from the deep --_
_That like a burning secret which doth go_
_Even from the bosom that would hoard and keep;_
_Emerge thou mayst from the last whelming sea,_
_And prove that death but routs life into victory._
</poem>

Melville's poem was not much appreciated in 19th century. In 20th century, however, it was called by Robert Penn Warren a precursor of _The Waste Land_. In fact, T.S. Eliot's poem is about seeking for faith, too.

## Bibliography

- Herman Melville, Clarel, a poem and pilgrimage in the Holy Land. Edited by Walter E. Bezanson.
Mauisaurus

***Mauisaurus*** ("Maui reptile") is a genus of plesiosaur that lived during the Upper Cretaceous about 80 to 69 million years ago. It was the largest plesiosaur, and perhaps the largest marine reptile in New Zealand waters at the time. _Mauisaurus haasti_ is the only known species of the genus. A handful of specimens have been found, although only a few are well preserved and mostly complete.

With 68 cervical vertebrae, _Mauisaurus_ had one of the longest necks of any plesiosaur. It was large, over  in length. Like other plesiosaurs, it had a long slender body, with numerous vertebrae, allowing flexible movement. On its underside, _Mauisaurus_ had two sets of large flippers. These aided in swimming at high speeds, but may have also allowed the plesiosaur to venture onto shorelines for short amounts of time. _Mauisaurus_ was a carnivore, with sharp jagged teeth that would have been used to grip fish or squid.
Dapedium

***Dapedium*** is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish from the Triassic and Jurassic.

## Species

- Dapedium caelatum

- Dapedium granulatum

- Dapedium noricum

- Dapedium pholidotum

- Dapedium punctatum
Komlosaurus

**Komlosaurus** (Komlo lizard) is a theropod dinosaur known from footprints found in Hungary.
Parts of a sail

In sailing the **parts of a sail** have certain terms that clearly describe them.

There are two types of common mainsails. The Three Sided Mainsail and the Four sided Mainsail. Each of these Mainsail types have many different names according to exact location and relationship of supporting spars.

## Parts of the three sided mainsail

- The **head** is the very top of the sail.
- The **tack** (noun) is the name for the lower corner of the sail closest to the mast. Not to be confused with a **tack** which describes which side of a sailboat the wind is coming from while under way—port or starboard.
- The **foot** is the bottom edge of the sail from the tack to the clew. The foot of a sail attaches to the boom.
- The **luff** is the forward or leading edge of a sail.
- The **leech** is the back edge of the sail.
- The **clew** is the bottom back corner of the sail (furthest from the mast).

## Parts of the four sided mainsail

- The **peak** is the very top of the sail.
- The **throat** is the top front corner of the sail.
- The **tack** (noun) is the name for the lower corner of the sail closest to the mast. Not to be confused with a **tack** which describes which side of a sailboat the wind is coming from while under way—port or starboard.
- The **foot** is the bottom edge of the sail from the tack to the clew. The foot of a sail attaches to the boom.
- The **head** is the top edge of the sail. This is different from the three sided sail where head refers to a corner.
- The **luff** is the forward or leading edge of a sail.
- The **leech** is the back edge of the sail.
- The **clew** is the bottom back corner of the sail (furthest from the mast).

## Parts of a headsail

The headsail of a sailboat is any sail set forward of the mast (on a single masted boat) or foremast (the mast nearest the bow). The corresponding parts are the same relative to the front of the boat.  (Note: The **headsail** **tack** is the name for the lower corner of the headsail -- the sail closest to the front of the boat.)

## Associated parts

- The **boom** is a horizontal spar (pole) that runs along the foot of a fore-and-aft rigged sail.
- The jib is the next most common sail on a sailboat. It is always forward of the mainmast.
- A **sheet** is a rope used to control a sail.
Pterygotus

***Pterygotus*** is an extinct eurypterid, related to arachnids and commonly called as the famous sea scorpions. It lived in the Silurian and Devonian periods.

Fossils have been found in North America, South America, Europe and Australia. It is related to the larger eurypterid _Jaekelopterus,_ which also lived during the Silurian and Devonian. It is similar to the freshwater creature _Slimonia_.

_Pterygotus_ could reach a body length of 16 meters long. It had a pair of large compound eyes. It also had another pair of smaller eyes in the center of its head. It had 4 pairs of walking legs. A fifth pair of legs were swimming paddles. It also had a pair of large pincers.
American Airlines Flight 96

**American Airlines Flight 96** was a flight operated by American Airlines. The flight was operated with a McDonnell Douglas DC-10. On 12 June 1972, the flight went into explosive decompression after a cargo door was blown out from the airplane. This incident occurred near the city of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Because the incident occurred near the city, this incident is sometimes referred to as the **Windsor Incident**.

The incident was caused because of the cargo door. The cargo door was blown out of the plane because the locks of the cargo door failed. When the locks failed, the cargo door blew out and caused rapid decompression in the cargo area of the airplane. This caused the collapse of part of the passenger section of the airplane, which in turn led to some problems with the controls of the plane. The rudder of the airplane was jammed to the right, and cable controls to the second engine were separated. Luckily, no hydraulics were broken. Despite having little control of the airplane, Captain Bryce McCormick was successful in landing the airplane at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport. After the incident, McDonnell Douglas, the maker of the aircraft, made minor changes to the locks of the cargo door. These changes would prove to be not successful with the crash of Turkish Airlines Flight 981. The crash was caused by exactly the same reason as this incident.

## Related pages

- Turkish Airlines Flight 981

## Infobox (aircraft occurrence)

- **occurrence type**: Accident
- **name**: American Airlines Flight 96
- **image**: N103AA, at New York ( LGA ) Airport, NY, USA (Cropped).jpg
- **caption**: The aircraft involved, seen here in 1991
- **date**: 12 June 1972
- **type**: Cargo door failure due to design flaw leading to uncontrolled decompression, rapid decompression
- **site**: Airspace above Windsor, Ontario
- **passengers**: 56
- **crew**: 11
- **injuries**: 11 (2 crew, 9 passengers)
- **fatalities**: 0
- **survivors**: 67
- **aircraft type**: McDonnell Douglas DC-10, McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10
- **tail number**: N103AA
- **operator**: American Airlines
- **origin**: Los Angeles International Airport
Los Angeles, California
- **destination**: LaGuardia Airport
Queens, New York City, New York (state), New York
- **stopover**: Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport
Detroit, Michigan
- **last stopover**: Buffalo Niagara International Airport
Buffalo, New York
Buriolestes

***Buriolestes*** (meaning "Buriol's robber") is a genus of early sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Late Triassic of Brazil. It contains one species, ***B. schultzi***, named in 2016. The type specimen was found alongside a specimen of the lagerpetid dinosauromorph _Ixalerpeton_.
Lariniscotes

_Lariniscotes_ is a trace fossil attributed to sea scorpions. The tracks were probably made by _Pterygotus_ or _Eurypterus_.
Sonnet on the Great Suffering of Jesus Christ

"**Sonnet on the Great Suffering of Jesus Christ**" () is a poem by 17th century Polish poet Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski. It is one of the finest examples of sonnet form in Old Polish literature. The poem is a part of _The Poems of Lent_ (in Polish _Poezje postu świętego_). It was translated into English by Michael J. Mikoś (Michael J. Mikos).

## The author

Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski was a Polish nobleman. He was born in 1642. He travelled a lot in his youth. He visited France, Spain, Italy and Austria. He as interested in literature and theatre. After he had returned to Poland, he became a politician. He was a member of Sejm (Parliament). He became also the Great Marshall (that is a secretary of internal affairs). He died in 1702.

## The sonnet

The sonnet was not very popular in Old Polish literature. This genre existed for three hundred years in Italy, when Polish poets started writing such poems. The first poet to write sonnets in Polish was Jan Kochanowski. After him two notable poets wrote such poems. They were Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński and Sebastian Grabowiecki.

## The form

_Sonnet on the Great Suffering of Jesus Christ_ is one of the best poems of the genre in 17th century Polish poetry. It follows the rules of Italian sonnet. It is made up of 11-syllable lines. All Italian sonnets were written in _endecasillabo_ that is 11-syllable metre. The rhyme scheme is the most classical. There are only four rhymes. The scheme is abba abba cdc dcd.

<poem >
_Wielkiej miłości i nieogarnionej_
_Tryumf, czy piekła łupy, czy mogiły_
_Zawisnej śmierci, czy niebieskiej siły_
_Są cudem męki, co zniósł Bóg wcielony?_

_Moc, myśl, żal, strach, pot, krew, sen zwyciężony,_
_Zdrada, powrozy, łzy, sąd i niemiły_
_Twarzy policzek, i rózgi, co biły,_
_Słup, cierń, krzyż, gwóźdź, żółć i bok otworzony_

_Są to dobroci dary, a nie męki,_
_Nie dary, ale łaski źrzódła żywe,_
_Nie źrzódła, ale boskie cuda ręki,_

_Tej ręki, co nam zbawienie szczęśliwe_
_Z swych ran wylała, za które niech dzięki_
_Oddaje-ć serce, o dobro prawdziwe!_
</poem>

An unusual feature of the poem is a long enumeration in the 5th line and in the 8th line. It is composed of 1-syllable words. In Polish language such words are very rare. Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski was not the only poet to use such a poetic device. Daniel Naborowski used it earlier in the poem _The Brevity of Life_ (in Polish _Krótkość żywota_). This poem was put into English by Michael J. Mikoś, too.
Eurypterus

***Eurypterus*** is an extinct genus of sea scorpion. It is the most famous type of sea scorpion, although it was far from the largest. It lived during the Silurian era and out has been found in the United States, Canada and Europe. The first _Eurypterus_ fossil was discovered in 1818.
Crackdown

Crackdown has multiple meanings.

## Games

- _Crackdown,_ a 2007 game
- _Crackdown 2_, a 2009 game
- _Crackdown 3_, a 2019 game
64-bit computing

In computer science, **64-bit computing** refers to a microprocessor's data stream. It means an operating system can use more computer memory at one time. This makes a 64-bit system much faster than a 32-bit system. A 32-bit system can only use up to 3.56 gigabytes of random-access memory (called RAM or memory). A 64-bit system can use much more memory making it considerably faster. Using an analogy, a 64-bit system is like a 64 lane highway. If each bit were a car, it means 64 of them can move at the same time.

## Other websites

- 32-bit vs 64-bit Computers & Phones as Fast As Possible; YouTube
Sutton Common railway station

**Sutton Common railway station** opened in 1930. The only train that operates at this station is Thameslink. This station is in fare zone 4.

## Platforms

There are two platforms at this station. Platform 1 is for trains towards Luton via Wimbledon station. Platform 2 is for trains towards Sutton (Surrey).

## Frequency

This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours.

### Up (northbound)

- 2 trains to Luton via Wimbledon station

### Down (southbound)

- 2 trains to Sutton (Surrey)

## Buses

London buses routes 470 and S3 operates at this station.

## Departures

This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line.

|Train|Towards|Calling Points|Approximate Journey Time|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Thameslink|Luton|St Helier, Morden South, South Merton, WImbledon Chase, Wimbledon station, Haydons Road, Tooting, Streatham, Tulse Hill, Herne Hill railway station, Loughborough Junction, Elephant and Castle, Blackfriars station, City Thameslink, Farringdon station, St Pancras station, Kentish Town, West Hampstead Thameslink, Cricklewood, Hendon, Mill Hill Broadway, Elstree & Borehamwood, Radlett, St Albans, Harpenden, Luton Airport|1 hour 47 minutes|
|Thameslink|Sutton (Surrey)|West Sutton railway station|5 minutes|

## Other websites

- http://ojp.nationalrail.co.uk/service/ldbboard/dep/SUC
- http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/stations_destinations/SUC.aspx
- https://tfl.gov.uk/national-rail/stop/910GSUTTONC/sutton-common-rail-station

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Sutton Common
- **symbol**: rail
- **manager**: Thameslink
- **owner**: Network Rail
- **locale**: Sutton (Surrey)
- **borough**: London Borough of Sutton
- **image name**: Sutton_Common_stn_stairs.JPG
- **caption**: Sutton Common station from the top of the stairs.
- **platforms**: 2
- **fare zone**: 4
- **railcode**: SUC
- **years1**: 1930
- **events1**: Sutton Common station opened
- **cyclepark**: Yes
Singapore Airlines Flight 006

On October 31, 2000 **Singapore Airlines Flight 006** crashed after taking off on the wrong runway at Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taiwan, caused by pilot error in bad weather. The aircraft was a Boeing 747-400 with 179 people on-board. 83 people were killed in the crash while 96 survived.

## Causalities

|rowspan=2|Nationality||colspan=2|Passengers||colspan=2|Crew||colspan=2|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||2|0|0|0|2|0|||||
||1|0|0|0|1|0|||||
||1|0|0|0|1|0|||||
||1|0|0|0|1|0|||||
||1|0|0|0|1|0|||||
||1|0|0|0|1|0|||||
||1|1|0|0|1|1|||||
||1|0|0|0|1|0|||||
||1|0|0|0|1|0|||||
||2|0|0|0|2|0|||||
||1|0|0|0|1|0|||||
||1|1|0|0|1|1|||||
||1|1|0|0|1|1|||||
||11|11|0|0|11|11|||||
||5|1|0|0|5|1|||||
||1|0|0|0|1|0|||||
||2|0|0|0|2|0|||||
||1|1|0|0|1|1|||||
||1|1|0|0|1|1|||||
||2|2|0|0|2|2|||||
||8|4|1|0|9|4|||||
||3|0|0|0|3|0|||||
||1|1|0|0|1|1|||||
||2|0|0|0|2|0|||||
||1|1|0|0|1|1|||||
||1|1|0|0|1|1|||||
||1|1|0|0|1|1|||||
||3|1|0|0|1|1|||||
||1|0|0|0|0|1|||||
||11|8|17|4|28|12|||||
||1|1|0|0|1|1|||||
||1|0|0|0|1|0|||||
||3|0|0|0|3|0|||||
||1|0|0|0|1|0|||||
||55|26|2|0|57|26|||||
||2|0|0|0|2|0|||||
||4|2|0|0|4|2|||||
||47|24|0|0|47|24|||||
||2|1|0|0|2|1|||||
79 passengers and four crew members died in the crash. 24 Americans, 26 Taiwanese, 11 Indians, 12 Singaporeans, 4 Malaysians, 2 Koreans, 2 British, 1 Vietnamese, 1 Chinese, 1 Hong Konger, 1 Indonesian, 1 Japanese, 1 Dutch, 1 Macaoan, 1 Kazakhstani, and 1 Filipino were among the dead.
LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16

**LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16** a Boeing 767 was a regular flight from Newark to Warsaw, that made a belly landing at Warsaw Chopin Airport on November 1, 2011 without any loss of life to the 231 passengers and crew on board.

|rowspan=1|Nationality||colspan=1|Passengers||colspan=1|Crew||colspan=1|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||113|0|113||||||||
||41|11|52||||||||
||21|0|21||||||||
||10|0|10||||||||
||6|0|6||||||||
||4|0|4||||||||
||3|0|3||||||||
||3|0|3||||||||
||2|0|2||||||||
||2|0|2||||||||
||2|0|2||||||||
||2|0|2||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
||1|0|1||||||||
|**Total**|**220**|**11**|**231**||||||||
Forestay

On a sailing vessel, a **forestay**, sometimes called a **jibstay**, or a **headstay**, is a piece of standing rigging. It keeps a mast from falling backwards.  It is usually attached to the very top of the mast. The other end of the forestay is attached to the bow of the boat.

Often a sail is attached to the forestay.  This sail may be a jib or a genoa.  In a cutter rig, the jib or jibs are flown from stays in front of the forestay, perhaps going from the masthead to a bowsprit.  The sail on the forestay is then referred to as the staysail. A forestay might be made from stainless steel wire or rod.
Arrondissements of the Bas-Rhin department

There are 5 **arrondissements in the Bas-Rhin department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into _arrondissements_, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Bas-Rhin are:
|INSEE code !! Arrondissement !! Capital !! Population (2013) !! width="50px" | Area (km²) !! Density (Inh./km²) !! _Communes_|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|672|Haguenau-Wissembourg|Haguenau|239,965|1,421.9||142|
|673|Molsheim|Molsheim|102,824|771.2||77|
|674|Saverne|Saverne|129,344|1,243.8||165|
|675|Sélestat-Erstein|Sélestat|154,943|980.5||101|
|678|Strasbourg|Strasbourg|482,384|337.6||33|

## History

Bas-Rhin is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in four districts: Haguenau, Benfeld, Strasbourg and Wissembourg, with Strasbourg as is capital. Soon, the district of Sarre-Union was created and the name of the district of Benfeld was changed to Sélestat (in its origins, Schlestadt).

In 1800, with the creation of the _arrondissements_ in France, the five districts were changed into four _arrondissements_: Strasbourg, Barr, Saverne and Wissembourg. The subprefecture of Barr was moved to Schlestadt (Sélestat) in 1806.

The Bas-Rhin department was eliminated in 1871 when the territory became part of Germany.

In 1919, Bas-Rhin is again an department when the territory became part of France with the _arrondissements_ Strasbourg-Ville, Strasbourg-Campagne, Erstein, Haguenau, Molsheim, Saverne, Sélestat and Wissembourg.

The _arrondissements_ Sélestat and Erstein were combined in 1974 to form the _arrondissement_ of Sélestat-Erstein.

In 2015, the _arrondissements_ Strasbourg-Campagne and Wissembourg were eliminated and their territories passed to the remaining _arrondissements_, and only 5 were kept: Haguenau-Wissembourg, Molsheim, Saverne, Sélestat-Erstein and Strasbourg.

## Related pages

- List of arrondissements of France
Kotor Varoš

**Kotor Varoš** or **Kotor-Varoš** (Котор Варош) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In 2013, 22,001 people lived in Kotor Varoš.

The elevation of Kotor Varoš is .  Total municipality area is .

Kotor Varoš is on the Vrbanja river, on its southeastern upstream line of the Banja Luka, about  and to Šiprage  also,.

## History

The first settlement of  the medieval town Kotor, existed certainly before the 9th century, because, according to credible sources, it was previously "destroyed several times."  It  was named as Vasekatro „near Banja Luka“.

### Kotor Varoš settlement by Census years

|**Census Year**|style="background:#f3fff3;" align="center"|1879.|style="background:#ddffdd;" align="center"|1885.|style="background:#f3fff3;"|1889.|style="background:#ddffdd;" align="center"|1910|style="background:#f3fff3;"|1921.|colspan=1 style="background:#ddffdd;" align="center"|1931.|style="background:#f3fff3;"|1948.|colspan=1 style="background:#ddffdd;" align="center"|1953.|style="background:#f3fff3;"|1961.|colspan=1 style="background:#ddffdd;" align="center"|1971.|style="background:#f3fff3;"|1981.|colspan=1 style="background:#ddffdd;" align="center"|1991.|style="background:#f3fff3;"|2013.|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Population**|422|418|312|1.361|1.428|1.400|4.715|2.428|2.893|2.700|5.423|3.746|8.360||||||||||||||

## Related pages

- Vrbanja river
- Banja Luka
Vrbanja (river)

The **Vrbanja** (Врбањa) is a river in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. Along with the Ugar, it is the largest right tributary of the Vrbas. Its drainage basin covers an area of approximately 703.5 km<sup>2</sup>. It has significant hydropower potential. The estimations of the Vrbanja's length vary from 84 km to 95.4 km.

## Tributaries

The river is fed by numerous tributaries from Vlašić, Čemernica, Borja and Uzlomac mountains. The most significant right-side tributaries are the Bobovica, Lopača, Trnovac,  Crkvenica, Stopanska rijeka, Kruševica, Jezerka, Bosanka, and Jošavka, and the most significant left-side tributaries, the Čudnić, Kovačevića potok, Ćorkovac, Demićka, Sadika, Grabovička rijeka, Duboka river, Vigošća/Vigošta, Cvrcka and Jakotina.

## Related pages

- Šiprage
- Kotor-Varoš
- Čelinac

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Vrbanja
Врбањa
- **image**: Vrbanja_z.JPG
- **image caption**: The Vrbanja in Čelinac in wintertime
- **source1 location**: Vlašić (mountain), Vlašić
- **mouth location**: Vrbas (river), Vrbas
- **progression**: Vrbas (river), Vrbas→ Sava→ Danube→ Black Sea
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Wole Soyinka

**Akinwande Oluwole "Wole" Babatunde Soyinka** (Yoruba: _Akinwándé Oluwo̩lé Babátúndé S̩óyinká_; born 13 July 1934) is a Nigerian playwright and poet. He was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature, the first African to be honored in that category.

## Infobox (writer)

- **birth name**: Akinwande Oluwole Babatunde Soyinka
- **image**: Soyinka, Wole (1934).jpg
- **birth place**: Abeokuta, Nigeria Protectorate (now Ogun State, Nigeria)
- **occupation**: Author, poet, playwright
- **nationality**: Nigerian
- **genre**: Drama, Novel, poetry
- **subject**: Comparative literature
- **period**: 1957–Present
- **alma mater**: University of Leeds