juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Catharine Macaulay

**Catharine Macaulay** (2 April 1731 – 22 June 1791) was an English historian. Between 1763 and 1783 Macaulay wrote her biggest work, _The History of England from the Accession of James I to that of the Brunswick Line_. Her 1790 work _Letters on Education_ deeply influenced Mary Wollstonecraft.

## Early life

Macaulay was born **Catharine Sawbridge** at Olantigh in Kent. She had two brothers. She was educated by a governess.

## Personal life

Macaulay married her first husband George Macaulay on 18 June 1760. In 1766, he died. In 1774, she moved to Bath. In 1788, Macaulay married William Graham. Macaulay died in Binfield in 1791.
Burmee Colony

**Burmee Colony** (Urdu: برمی کالونی is one of the neighbourhoods of Landhi Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. This neighborhood is named after the Muslim Rohingyas refugees who came from Myanmar (formerly Burma). However, this colony has been settled by Sayed Ahmed and late Haji Hilal Ahmed in early 1960s.
Yadollah Sharifirad

**Yadollah Sharifirad** (born March 24, 1946) is an Iranian former fighter pilot and military attaché. He was also in 1978 a member of Golden Crown. Golden Crown was the national aerobatics team of Iran. It was a part of the former Imperial Iranian Air Force.

Sharifirad was one of the most successful Iranian F-5 pilots during the Iran–Iraq War. He had 5 victories against the Iraqi fighter aircraft (3 confirmed victories and 2 probable victories). The victories include: one Su-22 and four MiG-21s. After that he attacked an Iraqi power station, 3 Iraqi fighters attacked him. The Iraqi fighters shot his airplane down. He ejected and Iraqi Kurdish guerrillas took him back to Iran. A movie called _The Eagles_ was made about this event.

From 1984 until 1987, he was a military attaché in Pakistan. In 1987, the Iranian government ordered him back to Iran and accused him of the espionage for the United States. He spent one year in prison. He was set free after one year and fled to Canada.

In 2010, Sharifirad wrote a book about his life, called _Flight of a Patriot._" In this book he tells the story of his life from his youth and through taking part in the Iran-Iraq war, his arrest, prison and being tortured, ending with his immigrating to Canada.
Bryan Berard

**Bryan Wallace Berard** (born March 5, 1977) is an American retired professional ice hockey defenceman. Berard played a total of 619 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Columbus Blue Jackets, Chicago Blackhawks, Boston Bruins, New York Rangers, Toronto Maple Leafs, and New York Islanders.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Berard played 1 season with the Detroit Junior Red Wings and 1 seasons with the Detroit Whalers of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He was drafted with the 1st overall pick by the Ottawa Senators in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft.

Berard is best known for a game he played on March 11, 2000 where he was clipped in the right eye by Senators' Marian Hossa and had his sclera slashed. This resulted in both a retinal tear and a detached retina. Berard was told that he might have to lose his eye. During the next season, Berard had over 7 eye operations. The operations left him with 20/600 in his damaged eye. He would later be fitted with a contact lens which allowed him to meet the league's minimum vision requirement of 20/400. He was awarded the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy for his ability to "overcome an injury that left him legally blind in one eye" in 2004.

In early 2006, it was announced that Berard had tested positive for an anabolic steroid which was known as 19-Norandrosterone, in a drug test that he took in November 2005. Berard became the first NHL player to ever test positive for steroids. He said in a statement: "I made a mistake that resulted in a suspension and, while unintentional, I take full responsibility. I became aware of this problem after the fact, and for that I am disappointed in myself." He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2009.

## Later life

On November 13, 2013, Berard along with ex-police officer John Kaiser, helped catch two con artists that were conspiring to steal $15 million from NHL players as well as many Long Island police officers and their families.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **played for**: **Kontinental Hockey League, KHL**:
HC Vityaz, Vityaz Chekhov
**National Hockey League, NHL**:
Columbus Blue Jackets
Chicago Blackhawks
Boston Bruins
New York Rangers
Toronto Maple Leafs
New York Islanders
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shot**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 220
- **ntl team**: United States
- **birth place**: Woonsocket, Rhode Island, Woonsocket, Rhode Island, RI, USA
- **draft**: 1st overall
- **draft year**: 1995
- **draft team**: Ottawa Senators
- **career start**: 1996
- **career end**: 2009
Cheo Feliciano

**Cheo Feliciano** (José Luis Feliciano Vega, July 3, 1935 – April 17, 2014) was a Puerto Rican composer and singer. He was mostly involved with salsa and Cuban music. He was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico.

Feliciano died in Cupey, Puerto Rico, in a car accident. He was 78 years old.

At the peak of his career in the 1960s he recorded nine albums with the Joe Cuba Sextet, and in the 1970s he recorded 15 albums for Fania Records, then the leading salsa music record company.
Gallatin, Tennessee

**Gallatin** is a city in Sumner County, Tennessee. It has the population of 44,431 residents. It is named after United States Secretary of State Albert Gallatin.
Virgilio Barco Vargas

**Virgilio Barco Vargas** (17 September 1921 – 20 May 1997) was a Colombian politician, and civil engineer and member of Colombian Liberal Party. He served as the 27th President of Colombia from 1986 to 1990. Vargas was born in Cúcuta, North Santander, Colombia.

Vargas died in Bogotá, D.C., Colombia from cancer, aged 75.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Virgilio Barco Vargas
- **image**: President Virgilio Barco.png
- **caption**: Barco in 1991.
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **order**: List of Presidents of Colombia, 27th
- **office**: President of Colombia
- **predecessor**: Belisario Betancur
- **successor**: César Gaviria
- **birth place**: Cúcuta, North Santander, Colombia
- **death place**: Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- **restingplace**: Central Cemetery of Bogotá
- **nationality**: Colombian people, Colombian
- **party**: Colombian Liberal Party, Liberal
- **spouse**: Carolina Isakson Proctor
<small>(1950–1997) </small>
Carlsbad, California

**Carlsbad** is a city in north San Diego County, California. It is near San Diego, and 114,746 people live there as of 2020.
Cowboy from Brooklyn

***Cowboy from Brooklyn*** is a 1938 American musical comedy movie directed by Lloyd Bacon. It stars Pat O'Brien, Dick Powell, Priscilla Lane, Ann Sheridan, Dick Foran, Johnnie Davis, and Ronald Reagan. It was released on July 9, 1938.
Pat O'Brien

**Pat O’Brien** (**William Joseph Patrick O'Brien**; November 11, 1899 – October 15, 1983) was an American movie, radio, and stage actor. He won a Daytime Emmy Award during his career. O'Brien was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

He began acting in 1920. He appeared in over 100 movies. He is known for his roles in _Knute Rockne, All American_, _Cowboy from Brooklyn_, and in _Some Like It Hot_.

O'Brien died from a heart attack in Santa Monica, California, aged 83.

## Other websites

- Find a Grave
John Houbolt

**John Cornelius Houbolt** (April 10, 1919 – April 15, 2014) was an American aerospace engineer for NASA. He is best known for his work on  the lunar mission mode called "lunar orbit rendezvous" (LOR). This was chosen for Apollo program in early 1962. He was born in Altoona, Iowa.

Houbolt died from natural causes on April 15, 2014 in Scarborough, Maine, aged 95.

## Other websites

- John Houbolt at Encyclopedia Astronautica
John Slattery

**John M. Slattery Jr.** (born August 13, 1962) is an American actor, director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for his role as Roger Sterling in the AMC drama series _Mad Men_. He was part of the _Mad Men_ cast that won two SAG Awards. He has also appeared in the movies _Iron Man 2_ (2010) and _The Adjustment Bureau_ (2011).

Slattery was born in Boston, Massachusetts to an Irish Roman Catholic family. He married actress Talia Balsam in 1998 and together they have a son, Harry.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: JohnSlattery08.jpg
- **caption**: Slattery in 2008
- **birthname**: John M. Slattery Jr.
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **alma mater**: The Catholic University of America, Catholic University of America <small>(Bachelor of Fine Arts, BFA, 1984)</small>
- **yearsactive**: 1989–present
- **children**: 1
Sorrento, Maine

**Sorrento** is a town in Hancock County, Maine. The population was 279 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Sorrento, Maine
- **settlement type**: New England town, Town
- **image skyline**: Sorrento, Maine (8187330732) (cropped).jpg
- **pushpin map**: Maine
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of Maine
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Maine
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Maine, County
- **subdivision name2**: Hancock County, Maine, Hancock
- **government type**: Board of Selectmen
- **established date**: 1895
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 36.54
- **area land km2**: 10.33
- **area water km2**: 26.21
- **area total sq mi**: 14.11
- **area land sq mi**: 3.99
- **area water sq mi**: 10.12
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 279
- **population density km2**: 27.0
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 12
- **elevation ft**: 39
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 04677
- **area code**: Area code 207, 207
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 23-69750
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0582730
LeRoy Neiman

**LeRoy Neiman** (born **Leroy Leslie Runquist**, June 8, 1921 – June 20, 2012) was an American artist. He is known for his colored, expressionist paintings and screen prints of athletes, musicians, and sporting events. He was born in St. Paul, Minnesota.

Neiman died in New York City, New York from natural causes, aged 91.
Ralf Dahrendorf

**Ralph Gustav Dahrendorf, Baron Dahrendorf**, KBE, FBA (1 May 1929 – 17 June 2009) was a German-British sociologist, philosopher, political scientist and liberal politician.

Dahrendorf was born in Hamburg, Germany. He studied at Hamburg University and at the London School of Economics.

Dahrendorf was a member of the House of the Lords from July 1993 to June 2009.

Dahrendorf died in Cologne, Germany, aged 80, on 17 June 2009, after suffering from cancer.

## Related pages

- List of sociologists from Europe
Augusto Boal

**Augusto Boal** (16 March 1931 - 2 May 2009) was a Brazilian theatre director, writer and politician.

He was the founder of Theatre of the Oppressed. Boal served one term as a _Vereador_ (the Brazilian version of a city councillor) in Rio de Janeiro from 1993 to 1997. He developed the legislative theatre.

Boal died from respiratory failure caused by leukemia, aged 78.

## Infobox (writer)

- **image**: Augusto Boal nyc3.jpg
- **imagesize**: 275px
- **caption**: Boal presenting a workshop on the _Theatre of the Oppressed_ at the Riverside Church in New York City, New York, 13 May 2008.
- **birth place**: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **death place**: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **occupation**: Theatre practitioner
- **genre**: Theatre of the Oppressed
Algirdas Brazauskas

**Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas** (22 September 1932 – 26 June 2010) was the first President of Lithuania from 1993 to 1998 and Prime Minister from 2001 to 2006.

Brazauskas died from lymphatic cancer in Vilnius, Lithuania, aged 77.
Your Everything

"**Your Everything**" is a song performed by country singer Keith Urban. It was released in May 2000. It reached number four on _Billboard_ country charts the same year.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Your Everything
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Keith Urban
- **album**: Keith Urban (1999 album), Keith Urban
- **b-side**: "If You Wanna Stay"
- **released**: May 2, 2000
- **recorded**: 1999
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **length**: 4:10 <small>(album version)</small>
3:59 <small>(radio edit)</small>
- **label**: Capitol Records Nashville, Capitol Nashville
- **writer**: Chris Lindsey
Bob Regan
- **producer**: Matt Rollings
Keith Urban
- **prev title**: It's a Love Thing
- **prev year**: 1999
- **next title**: But for the Grace of God (song), But for the Grace of God
- **next year**: 2000
Plains, Georgia

**Plains** is a city in Sumter County, Georgia. It is the birthplace of the 39th President of the United States Jimmy Carter. He was born there in 1924. In 2020, the U.S. Census Bureau has 573 people living there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Plains, Georgia
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state), City
- **motto**: "Home of the Jimmy Carter, 39th President of the United States"
- **image skyline**: Plains, Georgia (5746324119).jpg
- **image caption**: Plains downtown storefronts in 2011
- **seal size**: 85px
- **image map**: Sumter_County_Georgia_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Plains_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Sumter County, Georgia
- **pushpin map**: USA Georgia#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Plains
- **pushpin label**: Plains
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state), County
- **subdivision name2**: Sumter County, Georgia, Sumter
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Joseph Recker Jr.
- **established title**: Established
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 2.11
- **area land km2**: 2.11
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.81
- **area land sq mi**: 0.81
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 573
- **population density km2**: 271.76
- **population density sq mi**: 703.93
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation m**: 152
- **elevation ft**: 499
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 31780
- **area code**: Area code 229, 229
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 13-61628
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0356474
Point Pleasant, Ohio

**Point Pleasant** is a small unincorporated community in Clermont County, Ohio. It is the birthplace of the 18th President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant.
Wilton, New York

**Wilton** is a town in Saratoga County, New York. It has the population of 17,361 residents as of 2020.
Baytown, Texas

**Baytown** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. As of 2020, it has about 84,000 residents.

It lies in the east of Texas, near the Gulf Coast.

## History

Baytown was created in 1948.

## Geography

Baytown has a total area of 37.99 square miles.

## People

Baytown has about 84,000 living there.

## Well-known people

- John Hagee (born 1940), pastor and television evangelist

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Baytown, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Fred Hartman Bridge, Baytown, Texas 1209261519.jpg
- **image caption**: Fred Hartman Bridge
- **image map**: Harris County Texas incorporated and unincorporated areas Baytown highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Baytown, Texas
- **pushpin label**: Baytown
- **pushpin map**: Texas#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Texas
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Harris County, Texas, Harris, Chambers County, Texas, Chambers
- **subdivision type3**: Congressional District
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: January 24, 1948
- **government type**: Council–manager government, Council–manager
- **leader title**: City council
- **leader title1**: City manager
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 37.99
- **area land sq mi**: 36.91
- **area water sq mi**: 1.08
- **area total km2**: 98.39
- **area land km2**: 95.59
- **area water km2**: 2.80
- **elevation ft**: 23
- **population total**: 83701
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density sq mi**: 2091.58
- **population density km2**: 807.57
- **population demonym**: Baytonian
- **population blank1 title**: Metropolitan Statistical Area, Metro
- **population blank1**: 7,206,841 (List of United States metropolitan areas, 6th)
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 77520-77523
- **area code**: Area code 281
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-06128
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1380966
One Hundred Years of Solitude

***One Hundred Years of Solitude*** (Spanish: _Cien años de soledad)_ is a book written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1967 and translated to English by Gregory Rabassa in 1970. This book is thought to be Marquez's magnum opus and one of the best books ever written in the Spanish language. It follows the Buendia family in the fictional town of Macondo.
The Autumn of the Patriarch

***The Autumn of the Patriarch*** is a book written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1975. The books is inspired by the dictatorships of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, Juan Vicente Gómez, and Francisco Franco.
Love in the Time of Cholera

***Love in the Time of Cholera*** is a book written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1985 and was translated in English in 2007.
Memories of My Melancholy Whores

***Memories of My Melancholy Whores*** (Spanish: **Memoria de mis putas tristes**) is the last novel written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 2004. It was translated in English in 2005.

## Infobox (book)

- **publisher**: Editorial Norma (Colombia)
Alfred A. Knopf (US)
- **image**: Gabriel Garcia Marquez2 (2009).jpg
- **oclc**: 58431922
- **congress**: PQ8180.17.A73 M4613 2005
- **dewey**: 863/.64 22
- **isbn**: 978-1-4000-4460-3
- **pages**: 128
- **media type**: Print (Hardcover, Hardback & Paperback)
- **english release date**: 2005
- **release date**: 2004
- **name**: Memories of My Melancholy Whores
- **language**: Spanish language, Spanish
- **country**: Colombia
- **author**: Gabriel García Márquez
- **caption**: First edition (Colombian)
- **border**: yes
- **translator**: Edith Grossman
- **title orig**: Memoria de mis putas tristes
The Solitude of Latin America

"**The Solitude of Latin America**" was a speech given by Gabriel García Márquez. Márquez gave the speech when he was accepting the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1982.
New Rochelle, New York

**New Rochelle** is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. As of 2020, 79,726 people live in New Rochelle.
Rodrigo García

**Rodrigo García** (born 24 August 1959) is a Colombian-born television and movie director and screenwriter. He is the son of Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez.

He directed movies and television series such as _Nine Lives_ and _Albert Nobbs_, and  episodes of several HBO series, _Six Feet Under_, _Carnivàle_, and _Big Love_.

Barcha was born in Bogotá, Colombia.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rodrigo García
- **image**: Rodrigo García Barcha.jpg
- **birth place**: Bogotá, Colombia
- **occupation**: Movie director, screenwriter, television director
- **yearsactive**: 2000–present
In Evil Hour

***In Evil Hour*** is a novel written by Colombian Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1972. It was published in English in 1979. Márquez lived in Paris at the time and was about to title this book _This Town of Shit_ or _This Shitty Town_.
Chronicle of a Death Foretold

***Chronicle of a Death Foretold*** is a novel written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1981. It was translated into English in 1983.
The General in His Labyrinth

***The General in His Labyrinth*** is a novel written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1989. It was translated in English in 1990.
Andy Whitfield

**Andy Whitfield** (17 October 1971 – 11 September 2011) was a Welsh-Australian actor. He was best known for his leading role of Spartacus in the Starz television series _Spartacus: Blood and Sand_. He was born in Amlwch, Anglesey.

Whitfield died from non-Hodgkin lymphoma on 11 September 2011 in Sydney, New South Wales. He was 39. He was outlived by his wife and their two children.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Andy Whitfield
- **image**: Andy Whitfield in 2010 by Gage Skidmore 02.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **caption**: Whitfield at the San Diego Comic-Con International, July 2010
- **birth date**: 17 October 1971
- **birth place**: Amlwch, Wales, United Kingdom
- **death place**: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- **death cause**: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 2004–2011
- **spouse**: Vashti Whitfield (2001-2011; his death)
- **children**: 2
Of Love and Other Demons

***Of Love and Other Demons*** is a novel written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1994.
The Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor

***The Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor*** (Spanish: _Relato de un náufrago_) is a non-fiction novel written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published as a series in 1955, but the whole book was published in 1970.
Clandestine in Chile

***Clandestine in Chile*** is a novel written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1986. The story was based on the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet and when movie director Miguel Littín was in exile.
News of a Kidnapping

***News of a Kidnapping*** (original Spanish title: _Noticia de un secuestro_) is a non-fiction book by Gabriel García Márquez. It was first published in Spanish in 1996. The English translation was released in 1997.
Living to Tell the Tale

***Living to Tell the Tale*** (original Spanish-language title: _Vivir para contarla_) is the first volume of the autobiography of Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 2002. The English translation was published in 2003.
No One Writes to the Colonel

***No One Writers to the Colonel*** is a short story written by Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1961. It was translated into English in 1968.
The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World

***The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World*** is a short novel written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in Spanish in 1968. It was published in English in 1972.
Leaf Storm

***Leaf Storm*** is a short story written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1955. It was translated into English in 1972.
Big Mama's Funeral

***Big Mama's Funeral*** is a short story written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1972. This novel is also mentioned in _One Hundred Years of Solitude_ another novel by Márquez.
The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Eréndira and Her Heartless Grandmother

***The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Eréndira and Her Heartless Grandmother*** is a short story written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1972.
Strange Pilgrims

***Strange Pilgrims*** is a short story written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1992, but Márquez wrote it during the 1970s and 1980s.
A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings

***A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings*** is a short story written by Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez. It was published in 1955. It was published in English in 1972.
University of Cartagena

**University of Cartagena** is a university in Cartagena, Colombia. It was established in 1827. It is a public, departmental, coeducational, research university. Its motto is _Siempre a la altura de los tiempos_. Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez attended the university.
Solitude

**Solitude** is the lack of contact with people. Solitude has positive and negative effects on people.

## Positive effects

Solitude is the pleasure of being alone. It allows people to focus and make good decisions. Solitude allows people to think deeply and to pray. Prayer in solitude gives many people a sense of peace.

Many writers, musicians, and artists create in solitude. Songwriters and poets often write about solitude. Poetry gives comfort to people who feel alone. Poems give positive perspectives on being alone. Shakespeare, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Octavio Paz, Giannina Braschi, Donald Hall, and Anne Sexton wrote poems about solitude. Philosophers who encouraged solitude include Lao Tzu, Friedrich Nietzsche, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Virginia Woolf. Woolf wrote a famous essay called "A Room of One's Own" about writing in solitude and privacy.

## Negative effects

Too much solitude can cause feelings of loneliness. Social isolation creates health problems, such as dementia, depression, anxiety, and suicide. People who suffer from chronic loneliness can get help from medical professionals, including doctors, psychologists, and spiritual leaders.

## Related pages

- Existential crisis
- Social isolation
- Loneliness
Francesco Rosi

**Francesco Rosi** (15 November 1922 – 10 January 2015) was an Italian movie director, producer and screenwriter.

He is the father of actress Carolina Rosi. He is known for his 1979 movie _Christ Stopped at Eboli_. He won the Golden Prize at the 11th Moscow International Film Festival.

Rosi was born in Naples and died in Rome. _The Truce_ was his last film.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Francesco Rosi
- **image**: Francesco Rosi Cannes.jpg
- **birth place**: Naples, Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **occupation**: movie director, Director, movie producer, Producer, screenwriter
Love in the Time of Cholera (movie)

***Love in the Time of Cholera*** is a 2007 drama movie directed by Mike Newell. It is based on Gabriel García Márquez's novel _Love in the Time of Cholera_. It stars Javier Bardem, Benjamin Bratt, Hector Elizondo, Liev Schreiber, John Leguizamo, and Fernanda Montenegro. It was released on November 16, 2007.
Carolina Beach, North Carolina

**Carolina Beach** is a town in New Hanover County, North Carolina.
Ground beetle

**Ground beetles** are the **Carabidae**, a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles. There are more than 40,000 species worldwide, about 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in Europe. There are a large number of subfamilies.

## Description

Although their body shapes and colouring vary, most are shiny black or metallic. They have ridged wing covers (elytra). The elytra are fused in some large flightless species.

Almost all carabids  have a groove on their foreleg  with a comb of hairs used to clean their antennae.

## Defensive secretions

They defend themselves with noxious secretions. This is typical for the ancient beetle suborder Adephaga to which they belong. They have paired  glands in the lower back of the abdomen. These are well developed, and produce noxious or even caustic secretions used to deter would-be predators.

In bombardier beetles these secretions are mixed with volatile compounds and ejected by a small combustion with a loud popping sound and a cloud of hot and acrid gas. This can injure small mammals, such as shrews, and may kill invertebrate predators outright. To humans, getting "bombed" by a bombardier beetle is a decidedly unpleasant experience. This ability has evolved twice – in the flanged bombardier beetles (Paussinae) which are among the most ancient ground beetles, as well as in the typical bombardier beetles (Brachininae) which are part of a later lineage.

The Anthiini can squirt their defensive secretions for considerable distances and are able to aim with a startling degree of accuracy; in Afrikaans they are known as __ ("eye-pissers"). Charles Darwin got on the receiving end of a bombardier beetle's defences on a collecting trip in 1828. He discussed this in a letter:
> "A _Cychrus rostratus_ once squirted into my eye & gave me extreme pain; & I must tell you what happened to me on the banks of the Cam in my early entomological days; under a piece of bark I found two carabi (I forget which) & caught one in each hand, when lo & behold I saw a sacred _Panagaeus cruxmajor_; I could not bear to give up either of my Carabi, & to lose _Panagæus_ was out of the question, so that in despair I gently seized one of the carabi between my teeth, when to my unspeakable disgust & pain the little inconsiderate beast squirted his acid down my throat & I lost both Carabi & _Panagæus_!"

## Ecology

Ground beetles often live under the bark of trees, under logs, or among rocks or sand by the edge of ponds and rivers. Most species are carnivorous and actively hunt for any invertebrate prey they can overpower. Some run fast to catch their prey; tiger beetles (Cicindelinae) are certainly fast runners in comparison to their length. Unlike most Carabidae, which are nocturnal, the tiger beetles are active daytime hunters and often brightly coloured. They have large eyes and hunt by sight. Ground beetles of the species _Promecognathus laevissimus_ are specialised predators of the cyanide millipede _Harpaphe haydeniana_. They can counter the hydrogen cyanide which makes these millipedes poisonous to most carnivores.
Igor Radulov

**Igor Valerievich Radulov** (born August 23, 1982) is a Russian ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for HC Atlant Moscow Oblast of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Radulov played 1 season with the Mississauga IceDogs of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Radulov was drafted with the 74th overall pick by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft. He played 7 games with the Blackhawks before being sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate Norfolk Admirals. After a season with the Admirals, Radulov was called back up to the Blackhawks. He would play 36 games with them before he was again sent down. He played 54 games with the Admirals before leaving for Russia after the 2004–05 NHL lockout.

His older brother, Alexander Radulov, plays for HC CSKA Moscow also of the KHL.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Igor Radulov.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Radulov during his times with the Norfolk Admirals in 2005
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Left Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **birth place**: Nizhny Tagil, Soviet Union, URS
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 195
- **team**: HC Atlant Moscow Oblast, Atlant Moscow Oblast
- **former teams**: Chicago Blackhawks (National Hockey League, NHL)
HC Spartak Moscow, Spartak Moscow (Russian Superleague, RSL)
Metallurg Novokuznetsk (Russian Superleague, RSL)
Metallurg Magnitogorsk (Kontinental Hockey League, KHL)
Severstal Cherepovets (Kontinental Hockey League, KHL)
HC Vityaz, Vityaz Chekhov (Russian Superleague, RSL/Kontinental Hockey League, KHL)
Salavat Yulaev Ufa (Kontinental Hockey League, KHL)
CSKA Moscow (Kontinental Hockey League, KHL)
- **league**: Kontinental Hockey League, KHL
- **draft**: 74th overall
- **draft year**: 2000
- **draft team**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **career start**: 1998
Parkersburg, West Virginia

**Parkersburg** is a city in Wood County, West Virginia, United States. As of 2020, 29,738 people live in Parkersburg.
Houma, Louisiana

**Houma** is the parish seat and the only municipality of Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of 2020, 33,406 people live in Houma.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Houma, Louisiana
- **official name**: City of Houma
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in Louisiana, City
- **image skyline**: HoumaTerrebonneParishCourthouse.jpg
- **image caption**: Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana, Terrebonne Parish Courthouse at Houma
- **map caption**: Interactive map of Houma
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana, Terrebonne
- **established title**: Founded
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established title2**: Reincorporated
- **seat type**: County seat
- **seat**: Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana, Terrebonne
- **seat1 type**: Principal city
- **seat1**: Houma–Bayou Cane, Louisiana, Bayou Cane–Thibodaux, Louisiana, Thibodaux Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux metropolitan area, Metropolitan Statistical Area
- **parts type**: Region
- **parts**: Acadiana
South Louisiana
- **government type**: Government
- **governing body**: Consolidated City-Parish
- **leader title**: Parish President
- **leader name**: Jason W. Bergeron
- **area total km2**: 37.80
- **area total sq mi**: 14.60
- **area land km2**: 37.47
- **area land sq mi**: 14.47
- **area water km2**: 0.33
- **area water sq mi**: 0.13
- **population total**: 33406
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 891.55
- **population density sq mi**: 2309.12
- **population metro**: 207,137
- **timezone1**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset1**: −6
- **timezone1 dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: −5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 70360, 70363-64
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: Area code 985, 985
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 22-36255
John Christopher

**Christopher Samuel** "**Sam**" **Youd** (16 April 1922 – 3 February 2012), better known by his pen name **John Christopher**, was a British science fiction writer. He was best known for his novel _The Death of Grass_ and the young adult novel series _The Tripods_. He won the Guardian Prize in 1971 and the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in 1976.

Christopher was born in Huyton, Lancashire. He was married to Joyce Fairbairn from 1946 until they divorced in 1978. They had five children: Nick, Rose, Liz, Sheila and Margret. He later was married to Jessica Ball until her death in 2001.

Christopher died from bladder cancer on 3 February 2012 in Bath, Somerset. He was 89.
Sewol

The ferry MS _Sewol_, travelling from Incheon towards Jeju Island off the south coast of South Korea, sank on April 16, 2014 near Jindo Island off the southwest coast, resulting in the death of 304 people.
Leinier Domínguez

**Leinier Domínguez Pérez** (born September 23, 1983 in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban chess Grandmaster.

He won the Cuban Chess Championship in 2002, 2003, 2006, and 2012.

During the 2004 FIDE World Chess Championship he reached the quarter finals, losing to Teimour Radjabov in the tie-break.

His best tournament result was Barcelona 2006, where he scored 8/9 and finished first, ahead of Vassily Ivanchuk, with a performance rating of 2932.

In 2008, he won the CPA chess tournament and the 43rd Capablanca in Memoriam tournament. In the same year he tied for first with Evgeny Alekseev (but lost to him in tie-break) at Biel (6.5/10), ahead of Magnus Carlsen.

On November 8, 2008 he won the World Blitz Championship 2008, held at Almaty in Kazakhstan, with 11.5 points out of 15, ahead of Vassily Ivanchuk, Peter Svidler, Alexander Grischuk and many other top grandmasters.

In June 2013 he won the FIDE Grand Prix in Thessaloniki as a clear first in a field of twelve elite players, among them Fabiano Caruana, Veselin Topalov and Alexander Grischuk.

## Infobox (chess player)

- **image**: Dominguez perez leinier 20081119 olympiade dresden.jpg
- **playername**: Leinier Domínguez
- **caption**: at the Dresden Olympiad, 2008
- **birthname**: Leinier Domínguez Pérez
- **placebirth**: Havana, Cuba
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster
- **rating**: 2757
<small>(#13 in the April 2014 FIDE World Rankings)</small>
- **peakrating**: 2757 <small>(July 2013)</small>
- **peakranking**: #13 <small>(July 2013)</small>
- **fideid**: 3503240
Igor Korolev

**Igor Borisovich Korolev** (September 6, 1970 – September 7, 2011) was a Russian ice hockey centre. He played 700 games in the National Hockey League (NHL), He played for the St. Louis Blues, Winnipeg Jets, Phoenix Coyotes, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Chicago Blackhawks. He also played 329 games in the Russian Superleague (RSL) with HC Dynamo Moscow, Lokomotiv Yaroslavl, and Metallurg Magnitogorsk, as well as 104 games in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) with Metallurg Magnitogorsk and Lokomotiv Yaroslavl.

In 2000, Korolev became a naturalized Canadian citizen. On September 7, 2011, 4:05 P.M. Moscow Time, Korolev was killed in the 2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl air disaster. The plane that was carrying the entire roster of Lokomotiv Yaroslavl ran off the runway before it took off, hit a tower mast, caught fire and crashed, killing 43 of 45 passengers on board. He was buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto after a funeral on September 18, 2011.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shot**: Left
- **birth place**: Zelenograd, Soviet Union
- **death place**: Yaroslavl, Russia
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 198
- **played for**: HC Dynamo Moscow (Russian Superleague, RSL)
St. Louis Blues (National Hockey League, NHL)
Winnipeg Jets (1972–96), Winnipeg Jets (National Hockey League, NHL)
Phoenix Coyotes (National Hockey League, NHL)
Toronto Maple Leafs (National Hockey League, NHL)
Chicago Blackhawks (National Hockey League, NHL)
Metallurg Magnitogorsk (Kontinental Hockey League, KHL)
Atlant Moscow Oblast, Atlant Mytishchi (Kontinental Hockey League, KHL)
Lokomotiv Yaroslavl (Russian Superleague, RSL/Kontinental Hockey League, KHL)
- **league**: Kontinental Hockey League, KHL
- **ntl team**: Soviet Union
- **draft**: 38th overall
- **draft year**: 1992
- **draft team**: St. Louis Blues
- **career start**: 1988
- **career end**: 2010
Anish Giri

**Anish Giri** (born June 28, 1994) is a Dutch chess prodigy. He got the grandmaster title at the age of 14 years, 7 months and 2 days at the 2009 Corus Chess Tournament in Wijk aan Zee in the Netherlands.

Giri is the son of a Nepali-Indian father (Sanjay Giri), and a Russian mother (Olga Giri). Giri was born in St. Petersburg, Russia on 28 June 1994. In 2002, he moved to Japan with his parents. When he lived in Japan, he visited St. Petersburg regularly. Since February 2008, Giri and his family have been living in the Netherlands, in the Dutch city of Rijswijk where his father is working in a research and consulting foundation.

## Infobox (chess player)

- **playername**: Anish Giri
- **image**: AnishGiri14a.jpg
- **caption**: Giri in 2014 playing in the Bundesliga
- **birthname**: Anish Giri
- **country**: Netherlands
- **placebirth**: Saint Petersburg, Russia
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster
- **rating**: 2773
<small>(#3 in the Jan 2016 FIDE World Rankings)</small>
- **peakrating**: 2798 <small>(October 2015)</small>
- **fideid**: 24116068
Wesley So

**Wesley So** (born 9 October 1993) is a Filipino chess grandmaster. So got the GM title at the age of 14 years, 1 month and 28 days, making him the 8th youngest chess grandmaster.

So's transfer to the United States Chess Federation was confirmed in the November 2014 rating list. Soon after, he left Webster University to focus full-time on chess.

## Infobox (chess player)

- **playername**: Wesley So
- **image**: Wesley So in 2023.jpg
- **birthname**: Wesley Barbasa So
- **placebirth**: Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster (2008)
- **rating**: 2773 <small>(#10 in the Jan 2016 FIDE World Rankings)</small>
- **peakrating**: 2788 <small>(February 2015)</small>
Rod Roddy

**Robert Ray** "**Rod**" **Roddy** (September 28, 1937 – October 27, 2003) was an American television and radio announcer.

## Life and career

Roddy was born in Fort Worth, Texas on September 28, 1937. He went on to serve as the host of CBS's _The Price is Right_, shortly after the death of Johnny Olson in 1986. He remained on the show until his death on October 27, 2003. Roddy died from colon cancer and male breast cancer, aged 66.

## Other websites

- 'The Price Is Right's' Rod Roddy Dies (CBS News)

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Rod Roddy
- **birthname**: Robert Ray Roddy
- **birth place**: Fort Worth, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **restingplace**: Greenwood Memorial Park (Fort Worth), Greenwood Memorial Park, Fort Worth
- **occupation**: Host of _The Price Is Right_, television personality
- **yearsactive**: 1975–2003
Liberty Island

**Liberty Island** is a small uninhabited island in New York Harbor in the United States. It is best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty. In 1937, by proclamation 2250, President Franklin D. Roosevelt expanded the Statue of Liberty National Monument to include all of **Bedloe's Island**. In 1956, an act of Congress officially renamed Bedloe's Island, 'Liberty Island'.

Liberty Island is located in the middle of New York Harbor. It is about 2,000 feet (610 meters) from Liberty State Park in New Jersey and 1.6 miles (2.6 km) from Battery Park in Lower Manhattan, New York City. The island covers around 14.7 acres. It can only be reached by ferry. Many tourists visit the island every year to see the Statue of Liberty and learn about its history at the Statue of Liberty Museum.
Punch-Out!! (Wii)

***Punch-Out!!*** is a boxing video game written by Next Level Games for the Nintendo Wii. It is the fifth game in the _Punch-Out!!_ series.

It was first sold at the Nintendo World Store in New York City on May 16, 2009. It was then in other shops from May 18, 2009 in North America, and from May 22, 2009 in Europe.

In January 2015 Nintendo Direct, said that _Punch-Out!!_ and other Wii games would be released for download through the Wii U's Nintendo eShop.

## Play

_Punch-Out!!_ stars a boxer named Little Mac working his way up the professional boxing circuits, facing a series of colorful boxers. The game requires good speed to keep up with the boxers who are controlled by the Wii.  Some of the new opponents  in this game are Disco Kid, Giga Mac and Donkey Kong. There are also ten boxers from old versions of _Punch-Out!!_.

The Wii Remote and Nunchuk can be used together, a Wii Balance Board can be used along with Wii Remote and Nunchuk to duck or dodge, or the Wii Remote can be used by itself.

The player must react quickly and spot the moves the opponent is about to make. They need to dodge or block their attacks, before returning with attacks to either the body or the head with the left and right fists. Hitting a weak point at the right time earns stars, with the player able to save up to three stars, losing them if they are hit. When the player has one or more stars, they can perform a Star Punch which deals extra damage. Each fighter has a gauge which must be run down in order to knock the opponent down. Also the player has a heart counter that goes down if they are hit, or if their attacks are blocked. If it reaches zero, the player cannot attack. The player wins a match by either knocking out their opponent (either by a ten count or because they are unable to recover), earning a "technical knock out" by knocking them down three times in a single round, or winning by decision after three rounds have passed. If the player is hit by a knockout punch, it is possible to recover.

## Development

The game was revealed in 2008 at the Nintendo Media Summit, where a fifteen second trailer was shown. It was later announced that it was being developed by Next Level Games which had worked with Nintendo on games such as _Super Mario Strikers_. Nintendo wished to make a new game similar to the original _Punch-Out!!_ for the NES, so they asked the studio to design the game to be exactly like it and the characters to look like the original games.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Punch-Out
- **developer**: Next Level Games
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **director**: Jason Carr
Mike Inglehart
- **producer**: Jared Johnson
Ken Yeeloy
Kensuke Tanabe
- **artist**: Eddie Visser
- **writer**: Naoki Mori
- **composer**: Mike Peacock
Darren Radtke
Chad York
- **genre**: Boxing, Fighting game, fighting, Sports game, sports
- **modes**: Single-player, Two-player, Multiplayer game, Multiplayer
- **platforms**: Wii, Wii U (Nintendo eShop)
Patty Schemel

**Patricia Theresa Schemel** (born April 24, 1967) is an American drummer. She was the drummer of Hole from 1992 until 1998. In 2013 she joined the indie rock band Upset.

## Early life and career

Schemel grew up in Marysville, Washington. When she was eleven she started playing drums. She started her first band, Sybil, with her brother when she was fifteen. Kurt Cobain liked the band. In 1987, she joined a punk band called Doll Squad. The band broke up in 1989. After drummer Chad Channing left Nirvana, Kurt Cobain considered choosing Schemel as a replacement. Then Dave Grohl auditioned and Cobain chose him as the drummer instead.

In 1992 Schemel was asked to join Hole. She played drums on the band's second album _Live Through This_.

In 1995 Schemel came out publicly as a lesbian in a _Rolling Stone_ interview.

Schemel started a new band called Green Eyes in early 2010. A documentary about Schemel's life, _Hit So Hard_, was released in 2012.

## Personal life

In the early 1990s Schemel became addicted to heroin.

After Schemel left Hole in 1998, she became addicted to crack cocaine and was homeless for over a year.

She lives with her wife, Christina Soletti, in Los Angeles.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Patty Schemel
- **image**: Patty Schemel MOMA.jpg
- **caption**: Schemel at a screening of _Hit So Hard_ at the Museum of Modern Art, New York City, 2011.
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Patricia Theresa Schemel
- **birth place**: Marysville, Washington, United States
- **instrument**: Drum kit, Drums, guitar
- **genre**: Alternative rock, punk rock, indie rock
- **occupation**: Musician, dog walking, dog walker, drum teacher
- **years active**: 1987–present
- **label**: DGC Records, DGC, Geffen Records, Geffen, Don Giovanni Records, Don Giovanni
- **associated acts**: Kill Sybil, Doll Squad, Hole (band), Hole, Phranc, Constant Comment, Bastard, Juliette and the Licks, Courtney Love, Imperial Teen, Green Eyes, Upset (band), Upset, Death Valley Girls