juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Cassi Davis

**Cassandra Davis Patton** (born July 11, 1964) is an American actress and singer who is best known for her role as Ella Payne on _Tyler Perry's House of Payne and its spin-off series The Paynes_. She has also starred in several other productions under the direction of Tyler Perry.

## Life and career

Born in Holly Springs, Mississippi, Davis' acting career began in 1988 with her role in the Spike Lee film _School Daze_. Her early television credits include appearances on _Living Single_, _Married... with Children_, _Kenan & Kel_, _Boycott_, and _The PJ's_. She established her acting career by appearing in Tyler Perry productions such as _Madea's Family Reunion_, _Madea Goes to Jail_, _Daddy's Little Girls_, and Tyler Perry's House of Payne.

Davis attended Spelman College in Atlanta and majored in music. She left the college one credit short of graduation, because she was not allowed to perform religious music during her senior recital. Davis returned to Spelman in 2008 to complete her degree, graduating in November of that year.

She has credited her devout, born-again Christian faith as the main reason behind her professional success.

### Film

|Year|Film|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1988|_School Daze_|Paula||
|2006|_Madea's Family Reunion_|Aunt Sarah||
|2006|_Madea Goes To Jail_|Ella Kincaid||
|2007|_Daddy's Little Girls_|Aunt Rita||
|2010|_Madea's Big Happy Family_|Betty Ann "Aunt Bam" Murphy||
|2011|_Madea's Big Happy Family_|Betty Ann "Aunt Bam" Murphy||
|2011|°_A Madea Christmas_|Betty Ann "Aunt Bam" Murphy||
|2011|_Aunt Bam's Place_|Betty Ann " Aunt Bam" Murphy||
|2014|_Madea's Neighbors from Hell_|Betty Ann  "Aunt Bam" Murphy||
|2015|_Madea on the Run_|Betty Ann "Aunt Bam" Murphy||
|2015|_Madea's Tough Love_|Betty Ann "Aunt Bam" Murphy||
|2016|_Boo! A Madea Halloween_|Betty Ann "Aunt Bam" Murphy||
|2017|_Boo 2! A Madea Halloween_|Betty Ann "Aunt Bam" Murphy||

### Television

|Year|Film|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1993|_Living Single_|Francine|Episode: "In The Black It's Beautiful"|
|1994|_Chicago Hope_|Nurse #1|Episode: "Food Chains"|
|1996|_Moesha_|||
|1996|_Married... with Children_|Patty|Episode: "Crimes Against Obesity"|
|1999|_Kenan & Kel_|Kitty|Episode: "He Got Job"|
|1999–2001|_The PJs_|HUD woman (Voice)|Recurring Role; 27 episodes|
|2000|_The Parkers_|Big Woman||
|2001|_Boycott_|Cook|Television movie|
|2007–2012|_Tyler Perry's House of Payne_|Ella Payne|Lead role; 254 episodes|
|2009|_Tyler Perry's Meet the Browns_|Ella Payne|Episode: "Meet the Christmas Spirit"|
|2018-present|_Tyler Perry's The Paynes_|Ella Payne|Lead role|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Cassi Davis
- **image**: Cassi Davis 2018.jpg
- **caption**: WBLS, 2018
- **birth name**: Cassandra Davis
- **birth place**: Holly Springs, Mississippi, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, singer
- **alma mater**: Spelman College
- **years active**: 1988–present
Gilmer McCormick

**Gilmer McCormick** (born March 13, 1947) is an American actress and singer, best known for her performance in the stage and film versions of _Godspell_ in the early 1970s and for her role as Sister Margaret in _Silent Night, Deadly Night_.

Born in Louisville, Kentucky, she graduated from Moravian Academy in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 1965. She attended Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.
Adrenal tumor

An **adrenal tumor** or **adrenal mass** is any benign or malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland. They are known to overproduce endocrine hormones.

**Adrenal cancer** is when there are malignant adrenal tumors, and includes neuroblastoma, adrenocortical carcinoma and some adrenal pheochromocytomas. Most adrenal pheochromocytomas and all adrenocortical adenomas are benign tumors, which do not metastasize or destroy nearby tissues, but may cause significant health problems by unbalancing hormones.
Storting

The **Storting** ( , 'the great assembly') is the parliament of Norway. It was created in 1814 by the Constitution of Norway. It is located in Oslo. The unicameral parliament has 169 members, and is elected every four years based on party-list proportional representation in nineteen constituencies.

A member of the Storting is known in Norwegian as a _stortingsrepresentant_, literally "Storting representative".

History: The first time that a woman became a member of parliament (Norway), was in 1911, Anna Rogstad.

The country's budget (for 2026), was passed in December 2025; The parties that passed that law, were Centre Party, Socialist Left, Red, MDG, and the Labour Party. Those parties make up a coalition known as the "tutti frutti coalition" named after a [a colorful topping for soft serve].

Earlier (November 2025), there was agreement to pass (another or) a law; Then, the political parties that got a majority, were Centre Party, Progress Party, Conservative Party and Liberal Party. Those parties have agreed about having a a law proposed.

## Political groups

These political parties have been represented in the Storting since the 2025 election:

- **Labour Party** – 53 seats
- **Progress Party** – 48 seats
- **Conservative Party** – 24 seats
- **Centre Party** – 9 seats
- **Socialist Left** – 9 seats
- **Red Party** – 9 seats
- **Green Party** – 7 seats
- **Christian Democratic Party** – 7 seats
- **Liberal Party** – 3 seats

## Infobox (legislature)

- **name**: Parliament of Norway
- **native name**: Stortinget
- **house type**: Unicameral
- **established**: 1814
- **term limits**: 4 years
- **seats**: 169
- **structure1**: 2025 Norwegian Storting.svg
- **structure1 res**: 250px
- **voting system1**: Proportional representation (open-list)
- **last election1**: 8 September 2025
- **next election1**: 2029
- **session room**: Storting6875.JPG
- **constitution**: Constitution of Norway, Constitution
- **logo**: Coat of arms of the Storting (parliamentary documents).svg
- **logo res**: 100px
- **logo caption**: Coat of Arms of Stortinget
- **political groups1**: **Støre Cabinet, Government (53)**
  **Supported by (35)**
  **Opposition (81)**
Allen Payne

**Allen Payne** (born July 7, 1968) is an American actor. He is known for his role as C.J. Payne on the hit BET sitcom _Tyler Perry's House of Payne_ television show.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Allen Payne
- **birth name**: Allen Roberts
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **known for**: C.J. Payne – _Tyler Perry's House of Payne, House of Payne_ & Gee Money - _New Jack City_
- **birth place**: Harlem, New York City, New York (state), New York,  U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1988–present
Demetria McKinney

**Demetria Dyan McKinney** (born August 27, 1979) is an American actress, model and singer.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Demetria McKinney
- **image**: Demetria_McKinney_2015.jpg
- **caption**: McKinney in Beverly Hills, California, 2015.
- **birth place**: Albuquerque, New Mexico U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **other names**: Dee Dee McKinney, Demi
- **education**: Fort Walton Beach High School
- **alma mater**: Okaloosa-Walton Community College
- **occupation**: Actress, singer, model
- **children**: 1
- **birthname**: Demetria Dyan McKinney
- **yearsactive**: 2000–present
Jackée Harry

**Jacqueline Yvonne Harry**, also known as **Jackée**, (born August 14, 1956) is an American actress, singer, comedian, and director. She is best known for her role as Sandra Clark _227_. She is the first African-American to win an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: JackéeHarryDec10.jpg
- **name**: Jackée Harry
- **birth name**: Jacqueline Yvonne Harry
- **other names**: Jackée
- **caption**: Harry at a December 2010 performance of
_The Hot Chocolate Nutcracker_
- **occupation**: Actress, singer, comedian, director, television personality
- **nationality**: American
- **known for**: Sandra Clark – _227 (TV series), 227_
Lisa Landry – _Sister, Sister (TV series), Sister, Sister_
Pauletta Birdsong – _The First Family (TV series), The First Family_
- **yearsactive**: 1978–present
- **education**: High School of the Performing Arts
C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University
- **children**: 1
- **awards**: 1987 – Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Sandra Clark (227)
1999 – NAACP Image Award, NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Lisa Landry (Sister, Sister)
2000 – NAACP Image Award, NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Lisa Landry (Sister, Sister)
William Mullan

**William Joseph Mullan** (30 March 1928 – 13 November 2018) was a Scottish football referee. He was born in Dublin, Republic of Ireland. In 1962, Mullan became a referee in the Scottish Division One. Three years later, he was appointed as a FIFA referee. In 1972, Mullan was selected as a referee for UEFA Euro 1972.

Mullan died on 13 November 2018 in Edinburgh, Scotland at the age of 90.

## Infobox (football official)

- **name**: William Mullan
- **fullname**: William Joseph Mullan
- **image**: William Mullen (1970).jpg
- **caption**: Mullan in 1970
- **birth place**: Dublin, Ireland
- **death place**: Edinburgh, Scotland
- **years1**: 1962–1973
- **league1**: Scottish Division One
- **role1**: Referee
- **internationalyears1**: 1965–1973
- **confederation1**: FIFA International Referees List, FIFA listed
- **internationalrole1**: Referee
Sigmund Steinnes

**Sigmund Steinnes** (19 January 1959 – 15 November 2018) was a Norwegian politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. He was born in Nordnes, Norway. In the 2013 elections, he was elected as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Troms. In the 2011 elections he was elected as the mayor of Storfjord.

Steinnes died of pancreatic cancer on 15 November 2018 in Oslo, aged 59.
Scott English

**Scott English** (born **Sheldon David English**; January 10, 1937 – November 16, 2018) was an American  songwriter and record producer. He was born in New York City.

English was best known as the co-writer of "Brandy" with Richard Kerr. This song became a No. 1 hit for Barry Manilow in 1974, under the revised title of "Mandy". English had also released a single of "Brandy", which reached No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart in November 1971.

His other best known works were  "Hi Ho Silver Lining", "Bend Me, Shape Me", "Help Me Girl" and "Where Are You?" (which was used by the United Kingdom in the 1998 Eurovision Contest).

English died on November 16, 2018 in London at the age of 81.

## Other websites

- A sample of Scott English singing "Brandy"  (1971)
Hiromasa Yonekura

was a Japanese businessman. He was chairman of Sumitomo Chemical and was also the chairman of the Japan Business Federation (_Nippon Keidanren_). He remained in this position until 2009, when he became chairman of the board. He was born in Kobe, Japan.

Yonekura died on November 16, 2018 in Tokyo at the age of 81.
Alí Rodríguez Araque

**Alí Rodríguez Araque** (9 September 1937 – 19 November 2018) was a Venezuelan politician, lawyer, and diplomat. He was born in Ejido, Mérida, Venezuela.

He was the leader of the party Patria Para Todos. He worked under the Hugo Chávez administration, such as oil advisor, General Secretary of OPEC, President of Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA), Minister of External Relations and Ambassador to Cuba. He was appointed as Minister of Finance in June 2008. His last occupation was Ambassador of Venezuela from 2014 until his death in 2018.

Rodríguez Araque died on 19 November 2018 in Havana, Cuba from a heart attack at the age of 81.
Roy Bailey (folk singer)

**Roy Bailey**,  (20 October 1935 – 20 November 2018) was an English socialist folk singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was known for his songs "Songs of Life from a Dying British Empire" and "Gentle Men". He worked with Robb Johnson. Bailey was born in London.

Bailey died on 20 November 2018 in Sheffield, England from heart failure at the age of 83.
Fluorescence microscope

A **fluorescence microscope** is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence and phosphorescence to study organic or inorganic substances.  "Fluorescence microscope" means any microscope that uses fluorescence to make a picture. This applies whether it is a more simple set up or a more complicated design.

Most fluorescence microscopes, especially those used in the life sciences, are of the epifluorescence design shown in the diagram. Light of the excitation wavelength illuminates the specimen through the objective lens. The fluorescence emitted by the specimen is focused onto the detector. The dichroic beamsplitter acts as a wavelength specific filter, transmitting fluoresced light through to the eyepiece or detector, but reflecting any remaining excitation light back towards the source.
White currant

The **white currant**, or **whitecurrant** is a cultivar of the red currant. They are flowering plants in the family Grossulaceae native to Europe. Usually, they grow as a shrub and can reach a height of about  tall. The plants have palmate leaves, and masses of spherical, edible fruit (berries) in summer. The white currant differs from the red currant only in the colour and flavour of these fruits, which are a translucent white and sweeter.
It is sometimes mislabelled as _Ribes glandulosum_, (which is the skunk currant in USA).

## Cultivation

Unlike their close relative the blackcurrant, red and white currants are cultivated for their ornamental value as well as their berries.

Currant bushes grow best in partial to full sunlight and can be planted between November and March in well-drained, slightly neutral to acid soil. They are relatively low-maintenance plants, but are considered cool-climate plants and fruit better in northern areas. They can also be grown in large containers.

The firm and juicy fruit are usually harvested in summer. Whole trusses of fruits should be cut instead of individual fruit, and then either used, or they can be stored in a fridge. They can also be bagged and frozen.

Various forms are known including; 'White Grape', 'Blanka' and 'Versailles Blanche' (syn ‘White Versailles’), and 'White Pearl'.

The cultivar 'White Grape' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. There are also cultivars with yellow and pink fruit, called respectively yellow currants and pink currants.

The bushes can suffer from pests such as gooseberry sawfly and birds.

## Culinary uses

White currant berries are slightly smaller and sweeter than red currants. When made into jams and jellies the result is normally pink. The white currant is actually an albino cultivar of the red currant but is marketed as a different fruit.
White currants are rarely specified in savoury cooking recipes compared with their red counterparts. They are often served raw and provide a sweetly tart flavor. White currant preserves, jellies, wines and syrups are also produced. In particular, white currants are the classic ingredient in the highly regarded Bar-le-duc or Lorraine jelly although preparations made of red currants can also be found.

The berries are a good source of vitamins C and K, and are rich in iron, copper and manganese.

## Related pages

- Redcurrant
- Blackcurrant
- Zante currant
- Gooseberry
- Jostaberry
- Currant

## Other websites

- http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/currants.html

## Infobox (cultivar)

- **name**: White currant
- **image**: Groseilles blanches.jpg
- **hybrid**: _Ribes rubrum_ (red currant)
- **origin**: Central and Eastern Europe
American Wedding

**American Wedding** is a 2003 American sex comedy movie and a sequel to American Pie and American Pie 2. It is the third (originally intended final) installment in the _American Pie_ theatrical series. It was written by Adam Herz and directed by Jesse Dylan. Another sequel, American Reunion, was released nine years later. This also stands as the last movie in the series to be written by Herz, who conceptualized the franchise.

## Cast

- Jason Biggs as Jim Levenstein
- Molly Cheek as Mrs. Levenstein
- Alyson Hannigan as Michelle Flaherty
- January Jones as Cadence Flaherty
- Thomas Ian Nicholas as Kevin Myers
- Seann William Scott as Steve Stifler
- Eddie Kaye Thomas as Paul Finch
- Fred Willard as Harold Flaherty
- Eugene Levy as Noah Levenstein
- Deborah Rush as Mary Flaherty
- Jennifer Coolidge as Jeanine Stifler
- Eric Allan Kramer as Bear/Mr. Belvedere
- Angela Paton as Grandma Levenstein
- John Cho as John
- Justin Isfeld as Justin

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: American Wedding
- **director**: Jesse Dylan
- **producer**: Chris Moore
Chris Weitz
Paul Weitz
Warren Zide
Craig Perry
Adam Herz
Chris Bender
- **writer**: Adam Herz
- **starring**: Jason Biggs
Molly Cheek
Alyson Hannigan
January Jones
Thomas Ian Nicholas
Seann William Scott
Eddie Kaye Thomas
Fred Willard
Eugene Levy
- **music**: Christophe Beck
- **cinematography**: Lloyd Ahem
- **editing**: Stuart Pappé
- **studio**: LivePlanet
 Zide/Perry Productions
- **distributor**: Universal Studios, Universal Pictures
- **released**: August 1, 2003
- **runtime**: 96 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $55 million
- **gross**: $231,5 million
Apisai Ielemia

**Apisai Ielemia** (19 August 1955 – 19 November 2018) was a Tuvaluan politician. He was the tenth Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 2006 to 2010, and was returned as a member of parliament in 2010. He was re-elected to parliament in 2015.

On 5 October 2016, the High Court of Tuvalu declared that Ielemia’s parliamentary seat was vacant as he was not qualified to be a member of parliament, following his conviction on 6 May 2016 in the Magistrate’s Court of charges of abuse of office during the final year of his term as Prime Minister. Ielemia said he believed himself to be a member of parliament. Ielemia challenged the decision in 2017.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Apisai Ielemia
- **office**: Prime Minister of Tuvalu
- **image**: Apisai Ielemia cropped.jpg
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **governor general**: Filoimea Telito
Kamuta Latasi
Iakoba Italeli
- **term start**: 14 August 2006
- **term end**: 29 September 2010
- **predecessor**: Maatia Toafa
- **successor**: Maatia Toafa
- **office2**: Tuvalu, Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Environment, Trade, Labour and Tourism
- **primeminister2**: Willy Telavi
- **term start2**: 24 December 2010
- **term end2**: 2 August 2013
- **predecessor2**: Enele Sopoaga (Foreign Affairs, Environment and Labour)
- **successor2**: Taukelina Finikaso (Minister of Environment, Foreign Affairs, Labour, and Trade)
- **death place**: Funafuti, Tuvalu
- **spouse**: Sikinala Ielemia
Enele Sopoaga

**Enele Sosene Sopoaga** PC (born 10 February 1956) is a Tuvaluan politician. He was the 12th Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 2013 until 2019.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: Enele Sopoaga
- **honorific-suffix**: Parliament of Tuvalu, MP
- **image**: Enele Sopoaga 2015.jpg
- **office**: 12th Prime Minister of Tuvalu
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **governor-general**: Iakoba Italeli
- **deputy**: Vete Sakaio
Maatia Toafa
- **term start**: 1 August 2013
- **term end**: 19 September 2019

- **predecessor**: Willy Telavi
- **successor**: Kausea Natano
- **office1**: Parliament of Tuvalu, Member of Parliament
for Nukufetau
- **alongside1**: Lotoala Metia then Elisala Pita
- **term start1**: 16 September 2010
- **birth place**: Nukufetau, Tuvalu
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **spouse**: Salilo Enele
- **alma mater**: University of Oxford
University of Sussex
Prime Minister of Tuvalu

The **Prime Minister of Tuvalu** is the head of government of Tuvalu. Because of Tuvalu's constitution, the prime minister must always be a member of the Parliament, and is elected by parliament in a secret ballot.

Because there are no political parties in Tuvalu, any member of parliament can be nominated for the role. After the parliament vote, the Governor-General of Tuvalu must swear in the prime minister.

The office of prime minister was created when Tuvalu gained independence in 1978. Several former prime ministers have been appointed the Governor-General of Tuvalu.

## List of prime ministers

|rowspan=2|No.|rowspan=2|Name|colspan=2|Tenure|colspan=2 rowspan=2|Political affiliation|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Sir Toaripi Lauti|1 October 1978|8 September 1981|Independent|||||
|Tomasi Puapua|8 September 1981|16 October 1989|Independent|||||
|Bikenibeu Paeniu|16 October 1989|10 December 1993|Independent|||||
|Sir Kamuta Latasi|10 December 1993|24 December 1996|Independent|||||
|Bikenibeu Paeniu|24 December 1996|27 April 1999|Independent|||||
|Ionatana Ionatana|27 April 1999|8 December 2000|Independent|||||
|Lagitupu Tuilimu|8 December 2000|24 February 2001|Independent|||||
|Faimalaga Luka|24 February 2001|14 December 2001|Independent|||||
|Koloa Talake|14 December 2001|24 August 2002|Independent|||||
|Saufatu Sopoanga|24 August 2002|27 August 2004|Independent|||||
|Maatia Toafa|27 August 2004|14 August 2006|Independent|||||
|Apisai Ielemia|14 August 2006|29 September 2010|Independent|||||
|Maatia Toafa|29 September 2010|24 December 2010|Independent|||||
|Willy Telavi|24 December 2010|1 August 2013|Independent|||||
|Enele Sopoaga|1 August 2013|19 September 2019|Independent|||||
|Kausea Natano|19 September 2019|26 February 2024|Independent|||||
|Feleti Teo|26 February 2024|Incumbent|Independent|||||

1. Tuilimu served as acting prime minister following the death of Ionatana.

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Prime Minister
- **body**: Tuvalu
- **insignia**: Coat of arms of Tuvalu.svg
- **insigniasize**: 125px
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of Arms of Tuvalu
- **image**: Feleti Teo 2016 taken in Nadi, Fiji at the annual meeting of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission.jpg
- **imagesize**: 165px
- **incumbent**: Feleti Teo
- **incumbentsince**: 26 February 2024
- **appointer**: Elected by members of the Parliament of Tuvalu, parliament
- **appointerpost**: Governor-General of Tuvalu
- **termlength**: At Her Majesty's pleasure, At the Governor-General's pleasure
- **formation**: 1 October 1978
- **inaugural**: Toaripi Lauti
Tomasi Puapua

**Sir Tomasi Puapua**  (born 10 September 1938) is a Tuvaluan politician. He was the Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 1981 to 1989 and then Governor-General of Tuvalu from 1998 to 2003. In 1998, he was made a Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) for services to medicine, politics and the community.
Kamuta Latasi

**Sir Kamuta Latasi**  (born September 4, 1936) is a Tuvaluan politician. He was elected to the Parliament of Tuvalu in 1992. Latasi was the 4th Prime Minister of Tuvalu from 1993 until 1996. He was the Speaker of parliament from 2006 to September 2010 and again from December 2010   to March 2014.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: Sir Kamuta Latasi
- **image**: File:Rt Hon Sir Kamuta Latasi (cropped).jpg
- **office1**: Prime Minister of Tuvalu
- **term start1**: 10 December 1993
- **term end1**: 24 December 1996
- **monarch1**: Elizabeth II
- **governor-general1**: Tomu Sione
Tulaga Manuella
- **predecessor1**: Bikenibeu Paeniu
- **successor1**: Bikenibeu Paeniu
- **office2**: List of Speakers of the Parliament of Tuvalu, Speaker of the Parliament of Tuvalu
- **term start2**: 24 December 2010
- **term end2**: 4 March 2014
- **primeminister2**: Willy Telavi
Enele Sopoaga
- **predecessor2**: Isaia Italeli
- **successor2**: Otinielu Tausi
- **term start3**: 16 August 2006
- **term end3**: 29 September 2010
- **primeminister3**: Apisai Ielemia
- **predecessor3**: Otinielu Tausi
- **successor3**: Isaia Italeli
- **office4**: Governor-General of Tuvalu, Acting Governor-General of Tuvalu
- **term start4**: 19 March 2010
- **term end4**: 16 April 2010
- **monarch4**: Elizabeth II
- **primeminister4**: Apisai Ielemia
- **predecessor4**: Filoimea Telito, Sir Filoimea Telito
- **successor4**: Iakoba Italeli, Sir Iakoba Italeli
- **birth date**: September 4, 1936
- **birth place**: Laulii , Western Samoa
Toaripi Lauti

**Sir Toaripi Lauti**  (28 November 1928 – 25 May 2014) was a Tuvaluan politician. He was chief minister of the Colony of Tuvalu (1975–78), as the first prime minister following Tuvalu's independence (1978-1981) and governor-general of Tuvalu (1990-1993).

## Infobox (prime minister)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: Sir Toaripi Lauti
- **order1**: 3rd
- **office1**: Governor-General of Tuvalu
- **term start1**: 1 October 1990
- **term end1**: 1 December 1993
- **monarch1**: Elizabeth II
- **primeminister1**: Bikenibeu Paeniu
- **predecessor1**: Tupua Leupena
- **successor1**: Tomu Sione
- **order2**: 1st
- **office2**: Prime Minister of Tuvalu
- **term start2**: 1 October 1978
- **term end2**: 8 September 1981
- **monarch2**: Elizabeth II
- **governor-general2**: Fiatau Penitala Teo
- **predecessor2**: Position Established
- **successor2**: Tomasi Puapua
- **order3**: 1st
- **office3**: Prime Minister of TuvaluChief Minister of the Ellice Islands
- **term start3**: 2 October 1975
- **term end3**: 1 October 1978
- **monarch3**: Elizabeth II
- **governor-general3**: Thomas H. Laying, Thomas Laying
- **predecessor3**: Position Established
- **successor3**: Position Abolished
- **birth date**: 28 November 1928
- **birth place**: Gilbert and Ellice Islands
- **death place**: Funafuti, Tuvalu
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
- **spouse**: Sualua Tui
Governor-General of Tuvalu

The **Governor-General of Tuvalu** is the representative of the Tuvaluan monarch (currently King Charles III) and performs the duties of the King in his absence.

The office has existed since Tuvalu was granted independence from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1978. The current incumbent is Tofiga Vaevalu Falani ().

## Governors-General of Tuvalu

|rowspan="2"||rowspan="2"|Portrait|rowspan="2"|Name <small>(Birth–Death)</small>|colspan="3"|Term of office|rowspan="2"|Monarch <small>(Reign)</small>|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1||Sir Fiatau Penitala Teo|<small>1 October</small> 1978|<small>1 March</small> 1986||rowspan="12" style="background:#eaecf0"|**Elizabeth II** <small>(1978–present)</small>|||
|2||Sir Tupua Leupena|<small>1 March</small> 1986|<small>1 October</small> 1990||||||
|3||Sir Toaripi Lauti|<small>1 October</small> 1990|<small>1 December</small> 1993||||||
|4||Sir Tomu Sione|<small>1 December</small> 1993|<small>21 June</small> 1994||||||
|5||Sir Tulaga Manuella|<small>21 June</small> 1994|<small>26 June</small> 1998||||||
|6||Sir Tomasi Puapua|<small>26 June</small> 1998|<small>9 September</small> 2003||||||
|7||Faimalaga Luka|<small>9 September</small> 2003|<small>15 April</small> 2005||||||
|8||Sir Filoimea Telito|<small>15 April</small> 2005|<small>19 March</small> 2010||||||
|–||Sir Kamuta Latasi|<small>19 March</small> 2010|<small>16 April</small> 2010||||||
|9||Sir Iakoba Italeli|<small>16 April</small> 2010|<small>22 August</small> 2019||||||
|–||Teniku Talesi Honolulu|<small>22 August</small> 2019|<small>January</small> 2021|–|||||
|–||Samuelu Teo|<small>January</small> 2021|<small>28 September</small> 2021|–|||||
|10||Tofiga Vaevalu Falani|<small>28 September</small> 2021|_Incumbent_||rowspan="1" style="background:#eaecf0"|**Charles III** <small>(1978–present)</small>|||

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Governor-General of Tuvalu
- **flag**: Flag of the Governor-General of Tuvalu.svg
- **flagsize**: 150px
- **flagcaption**: Flag of Tuvalu, Flag of the Governor-General
- **insignia**: Coat of arms of Tuvalu.svg
- **insigniasize**: 100px
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of Arms of Tuvalu
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **incumbent**: Tofiga Vaevalu Falani
<span style="font-size:80%" class="honorific-suffix">Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG</span>
- **incumbentsince**: 28 September
2021
- **department**: Viceroy
- **style**: His Excellency
- **appointer**: Monarchy of Tuvalu, Monarch of Tuvalu
- **termlength**: At  Majesty's pleasure
- **formation**: 1 October 1978
- **first**: Fiatau Penitala Teo, Sir Fiatau Penitala Teo
Iakoba Italeli

**Sir Iakoba Taeia Italeli**, GCMG, is a Tuvaluan politician. He was the Governor-General of Tuvalu from 16 April 2010 until 22 August 2019. He is also a former Attorney General of Tuvalu who served from 2002 to 2006.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Sir Iakoba Italeli
- **image**: Iakoba Italeli May 2015.jpg
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG
- **office**: Governor-General of Tuvalu
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II
- **primeminister**: Apisai Ielemia
Maatia Toafa
Willy Telavi
Enele Sopoaga
- **term start**: 16 April 2010
- **term end**: 22 August 2019
- **predecessor**: Kamuta Latasi
- **successor**: Teniku Talesi Honolulu (Acting)
- **office1**: Member of the Tuvaluan Parliament
for Nui (atoll), Nui
- **term start1**: 3 August 2006
- **term end1**: 16 September 2010
- **predecessor1**: Taom Tanukale
- **successor1**: Taom Tanukale
- **office2**: Law of Tuvalu, Attorney General of Tuvalu
- **term start2**: 2002
- **term end2**: 2006
- **predecessor2**: Feleti Teo
- **successor2**: Eselealofa Apinelu
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **spouse**: Lady Italeli
- **alma mater**: International Maritime Law Institute at the University of Malta
John Hartnell

**John Hartnell** was an explorer in the Franklin Expedition (Franklin's Lost Expedition). He died early in the trip.

## Death

Studies showed that Hartnell may have died from a zinc deficiency.
Mac Collins

**Michael Allen "Mac" Collins** (October 15, 1944 – November 20, 2018) was an American politician. He was a Republican politician. Collins was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1993 to 2005, representing  (previously  from 1993 to 2003).

In 2004, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate loosing the nomination to Johnny Isakson. He was born in Jackson, Georgia.

Collins died on November 20, 2018 in Flovilla, Georgia at the age of 74.

## Other websites

- Mac Collins papers at the University of West Georgia
Jackson, Georgia

**Jackson** is a city in Butts County, Georgia, United States. The city is the county seat of Butts County. The population was 5,557 in 2020.
Shlomo Erell

**Shlomo Erell** (20 November 1920 – 20 November 2018) was an Israeli military personnel. He was a Major General in the IDF, and the seventh Commander of the Israeli Navy. He was born in Łódź, Poland. In the 1970s, he became a member of the Likud party and from time to time he was brought in by Israeli leaders as an advisor of Naval issues.

Erell died on 20 November 2018, on his 98th birthday.
Franklin's lost expedition

**Franklin's lost expedition** was a trip to find the Northwest Passage that was by Captain Sir John Franklin and left England in 1845 on two ships, HMS _Erebus_ and HMS _Terror_. They were looking for a way to get from Europe to Asia by going through the last part of the Northwest Passage in the Canadian Arctic, but nobody had yet been able to travel through it. They were also looking at scientific data about the Earth's magnetic field. During the trip, the two ships were frozen in the Victoria Strait, near King William Island, in what is now the Canadian territory of Nunavut. Both ships were stuck in the ice for over a year before they were abandoned in April 1848. By then, 24 men, including Franklin, had died. After they abandoned the ships, the crew were led by Francis Crozier (the captain of HMS _Terror_ and Franklin's second-in-command), and James Fitzjames (the captain of HMS _Erebus_). They set off to walk to the Canadian mainland, but everyone in the crew got lost or died.

When the ships did not return to England, the Admiralty started looking for the missing expedition in 1848. In the decades afterwards, other searches found many things left behind by the expedition, including the bodies of two of the men. The bodies were brought back to Britain. Today, scientists think that the men did not all die quickly.

Hypothermia, starving, lead poisoning or zinc deficiency, diseases like scurvy, and other things such as not having the right sorts of clothes for where they were, killed everyone on the expedition in the years after they had left England. Some of the bones brought back to England had cut marks on them, which suggested that there was cannibalism after the men had left the ships. The Franklin searcher John Rae first said that may have happened in 1845.

## Search and discovery

Many people have tried to look for Franklin and what has happened to his crew, but they were not found until later. Then bodies of three of the explorers (John Torrington, John Hartnell, and William Braine) were discovered.

HMS _Erebus_ was found in 2014 south of King William Island in Canada in Queen Maud Gulf. Two years later, HMS _Terror_ was found in Terror Bay.
Anvar Khamei

**Anvar Khāmahʼī** (20 March 1917 – 20 November 2018) was an Iranian sociologist, economist, journalist, and politician. He wrote many books in his specialty fields, including his analytical and critical book _Revisionism from Marx to Mao Tse-Tung_. He was a university professor at the Université catholique de Louvain in Belgium.

Khamei was an activist of the Tudeh Party of Iran in the 1940s, but he quit in January 1948.

Khamei died on 20 November 2018 at the age of 101 from respiratory failure in Karaj, Iran.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Anvar Khamei
- **image**: Anvar Khamei 13940214000712.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Anvar Khamei in May 2015
- **birth place**: Tehran, Iran
- **death place**: Karaj, Iran
- **years active**: 1931–2018
- **party**: Tudeh Party
Eimuntas Nekrošius

**Eimuntas Nekrošius** (November 21, 1952 – November 20, 2018) was a Lithuanian theatre director. He was born in Pažobris village, Raseiniai district municipality, Lithuania. His career began in 1979. He worked with the Kaunas State Drama Theatre. A movie actor, Nekrošius was known for his role in _The Corridor_. He directed plays such as _Macbeth_, _Hamlet_, _The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years_ and _Faust_.

On November 20, 2018, one day shy of his 66th birthday, Nekrošius died in Vilnius, Lithuania of a heart attack at the age of 65.

## Other websites

- Recently directed plays and awards
- Review of play 'The Square' by The New York Times
- List of recorded performances
Meena Alexander

**Meena Alexander** (17 February 1951 – 21 November 2018) was an Indian poet, scholar, and writer. She was Distinguished Professor of English at Hunter College and at the CUNY Graduate Center in the PhD program in English.

She published two novels, _Nampally Road_ (1991)—which was a Village Voice Literary Supplement Editor's Choice—and _Manhattan Music_ (1997), and two academic studies, _The Poetic Self_ (1979) and _Women in Romanticism_ (1989). _Fault Lines_ was chosen by _Publishers Weekly_ as one of the best books of the year in 1993. _Illiterate Heart_ won the 2002 PEN Open Book Award.

She died on November 21, 2018, at age 67, in New York City.

## Infobox (writer)

- **image**: Meenaalexander.jpg
- **caption**: Alexander at Hyderabad Literary Festival, 2016
- **birth place**: Allahabad, India
- **death place**: New York City, U.S.
- **occupation**: Author, poet, translator
- **awards**: Imbongi Yesizwe International Poetry Award (South Africa), PEN Open Book Prize
Olivia Hooker

**Olivia J. Hooker** (February 12, 1915 – November 21, 2018) was an American psychologist and professor. She was a survivor of the Tulsa race massacre. She was the first African-American woman to enter the U.S. Coast Guard in February 1945.

## Biography

She was in the Coast Guard until her unit was disbanded in mid-1946. She later became a psychologist and a professor at Fordham University.

On November 21, 2018, Hooker died in White Plains, New York, at the age of 103.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Olivia Hooker
- **image**: Olivia Hooker DVIDS1101558.jpg
- **caption**: Hooker addressing an audience at a Women's History Month celebration in Manhattan on March 30, 2011
- **education**: Ohio State University
 Teachers College, Columbia University
 University of Rochester
- **occupation**: Professor, psychologist
- **years active**: 1947–2018
Igor Korobov

Colonel general **Igor Valentinovich Korobov** (, 3 August 1956 – 21 November 2018) was a Russian intelligence officer. He was the Chief of the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Russia's military intelligence agency from 2016 until his death in 2018. Korobov was born in Vyazma, a town in Russia's Smolensk Oblast.

On 29 December 2016, Korobov was one of the individuals sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasury for "malicious cyber-enabled activities" threatening the national security of the United States.

## Death

Korobov died on 21 November 2018 after a long and serious illness in Moscow at the age of 62.
M. I. Shanavas

**M. I. Shanavas** (22 September 1951 – 21 November 2018) was an Indian politician. He was the working president of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee and a member of parliament of the 16th Lok Sabha of India from 2009 until his death in 2018. Shanavas was born in Kottayam, India. He was a member of the Indian National Congress.

Shanavas died on 21 November 2018 in Chennai, India following complications from a liver transplant at the age of 67.
Lau Nai-keung

**Lau Nai-keung** <small>SBS</small> (, 1947 – 21 November 2018) was a Hong Kong academic, businessman, and politician. He was the chairman of Long View Cultural Services Limited, a research fellow at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, a member of the Basic Law Consultative Committee and the Commission on Strategic Development.

Lau was a member of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference from 1987 to 2007.

Lau died on 21 November 2018 in Happy Valley, Hong Kong from colorectal cancer at the age of 71.
Soslan Andiyev

**Soslan Petrovich Andiyev** (, 21 April 1952 – 22 November 2018) was a heavyweight freestyle wrestler from Ossetia.

He was an Olympic champion in 1976 and 1980, world champion in 1973, 1975, 1977 and 1978, European champion in 1974, 1975 and 1982, and Soviet champion in 1973–78 and 1980. He won the World Cup in 1976 and 1981, but missed the 1984 Olympics due to their boycott by the Soviet Union and retired the same year.

After that he first worked as a national wrestling coach, but in 1989 returned to his native Ossetia to become a sports functionary.
 In 1990–98, he served as vice-president of the Russian Olympic Committee.

In 2006 he was inducted into the FILA Wrestling Hall of Fame.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **image**: Soslan Andiyev 1978.jpg
- **caption**: Andiyev at the 1978 World Championships
- **birth place**: Vladikavkaz, Soviet Union
- **height**: 194 cm
- **weight**: 125 kg
- **sport**: Freestyle wrestling
- **club**: Dynamo Vladikavkaz
- **coach**: Aslan Dzgoyew
 Genady Andiyev (brother)
- **show-medals**: yes
Baishnab Charan Parida

**Baishnab Charan Parida**  (15 February 1941 – 22 November 2018) was a BJD politician, writer and social activist. He was a Member of Rajya Sabha (the upper house of India's Parliament) and represented Odisha. He was a Socialist. Parida was born in Jajpur, Odisha.

Parida died on 22 November 2018 from liver cancer in Bhubaneshwar, India at the age of 77.
Jose Peralta

**José Rafael Peralta** (November 10, 1971 – November 22, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in New York City. He was in the New York State Assembly and New York State Senate. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He last represented District 13 in the State Senate. He was elected in a landslide to the New York State Senate on March 16, 2010.

Peralta died at the age of 47 on November 22, 2018 of a heart attack in New York City.
Turing

**Turing** may refer to:

- Alan Turing, a computer scientist
- Turing test, a test to see if a computer can act like a person
- Turing machine, an idea in computer science
Ring-necked snake

***Diadophis punctatus***, also called the **ring-necked snake,** is a species of snake. Ring-necked snakes live in eastern and central North America. There are many colors and patterns of ring-necked snake. It is called the ring-necked snake because it has a stripe around its neck that looks like a ring.

Ring-necked snakes live in the United States, central Mexico, and southeastern Canada. Ring-necked snakes are nocturnal, which means that they are awake at night. Ring-necked snakes are a little venomous, but they do not hurt people. This is because they are small and do not bite people much. When ring-necked snakes are scared, they curl up their tails.

Scientists think that there are many ring-necked snakes. Scientists do not know exactly how many ring-necked snakes there are. This is because scientists have not studied ring-necked snakes very much.

Ring-necked snakes are the only species of snake in their genus. There are 14 subspecies of ring-necked snake.

## Description

Ring-necked snakes are usually dark-colored, with a bright stripe around their necks.  Ring-necked snakes that live in different areas may look different. Their heads are usually darker-colored than the rest of their bodies.

Snakes living in different areas are often different sizes. Adults are usually  long.   Young snakes less than a year old are usually about  and grow about  a year.

Ring-necked snakes have smooth scales with 15–17 rows of scales in middle of their bodies.

## Habitat

Ring-necked snakes live in many kinds of habitats. The Northern and western subspecies live in open woodlands near rocky hills, or in wetter environments with many places to hide. Southern subspecies mostly live in riparian and wet environments, especially in more arid, or dry, habitats. The snakes like it when their habitat is a little wet.  Ring-necked snakes do not live higher than  above sea level. In northern areas, ring-necked snakes may live in dens. Usually, more than one snake will live in one den. Ring-necked snakes often hide under pieces of wood. When it is hot, ring-necked snakes may make holes and burrows to hide in. They may also hide under rocks or other objects. Ring-necked snakes usually live in flatland forests.

## Diet

Ring-necked snakes mostly eat salamanders, earthworms, and slugs. They sometimes eat lizards, frogs, and some young snakes of other species. Ring-necked snakes in different habitats may eat different amounts of some species. Ring-necked snakes kill their prey with constriction, which is squeezing prey to kill it, and envenomation, which is using their venom. Ring-necked snakes usually don't try to hurt bigger animals. Instead of biting bigger animals, the snake curls up its tail, showing its brightly colored stomach.

## Predators

Coral snakes, kingsnakes, and racers are predators of ring-necked snakes. Sometimes, large spiders or centipedes will eat young ring-necked snakes.

## Subspecies

There are 14 subspecies of ring-necked snake.
Corydoras panda

***Corydoras panda*** is a species of catfish. It is in the genus _Corydoras_, which is in the family Callichthyidae. _Corydoras panda_ lives in rivers in Peru and Ecuador. The species was first collected by Randolph H. Richards in 1968. It was named _Corydoras panda_ by Nijssen and Isbrücker in 1971. It is called _Corydoras panda_ because the black stripes around its eyes look similar to the eyes of the giant panda. The common names for this fish are **panda corydoras** and **panda catfish**. _Corydoras panda_ is a popular species to keep in aquariums.

## References

- Lambourne, Derek: _Corydoras Catfish – An Aquarist's Handbook_ (Blandford Press, 128pp., )
Gayla Peevey

**Gayla Rienette Peevey** (born March 8, 1943) is an American former singer and child star. She is best known for her humorous song "I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas". Peevey recorded it under her maiden name in 1953 at age 10.

In 1960, under the name **Jamie Horton**, Peevey had a minor hit with the song "Robot Man", a Connie Francis cover.

Peevey graduated from San Diego State University with a Bachelor of Education degree. She later left teaching. She owned her own advertising business for 15 years.

Peevey was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In 1948, she and her family moved to Ponca City.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Gayla Peevey
- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: Gayla Peevey 1953.jpg
- **caption**: Publicity photo of Gayla Peevey in 1953
- **birth name**: Gayla Rienette Peevey
- **birth place**: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Singer
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **years active**: 1953–1962
- **label**: Columbia, Joy Records (New York)
2018 United States Senate election in Florida

The **2018 United States Senate election in Florida** took place on November 6, 2018.

Bill Nelson ran for a fourth term. He ran against Republican Rick Scott.

The campaign was very competitive. It was one of the most competitive Senate elections in the nation.

The victory margin was very close, so a recount was needed to find a winner. On November 18, Rick Scott officially won the election.

### Republican

|colspan=5|Republican primary results|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|bgcolor= #E81B23 width=1||Republican|**Rick Scott**|align=right|**1,452,952**|align=right|**88.6**|
|bgcolor= #E81B23 width=1||Republican|Rocky De La Fuente|align=right|186,636|align=right|11.4|

### Democratic

No Democratic primary was held.

## General election

|colspan=5|General election results|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|bgcolor= #E81B23 width=1||Republican|**Rick Scott**|align=right|**4,099,505**|align=right|**50.1**|
|bgcolor= #3333FF width=1||Democratic|Bill Nelson (inc.)|align=right|4,089,472|align=right|49.9|
|bgcolor= #E2E2E2 width=1||colspan=2|_Others_|align=right|607|align=right|0.0|

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2018 United States Senate election in Florida
- **country**: Florida
- **type**: presidential
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: 2012 United States Senate election in Florida
- **previous year**: 2012
- **next election**: 2024 United States Senate election in Florida
- **next year**: 2024
- **election date**: November 6, 2018
- **turnout**: 61.68%
- **image1**:
- **nominee1**: **Rick Scott**
- **party1**: Republican Party (United States)
- **popular vote1**: **4,099,505**
- **percentage1**: **50.06%**
- **image2**:
- **nominee2**: Bill Nelson
- **party2**: Democratic Party (United States)
- **popular vote2**: 4,089,472
- **percentage2**: 49.93%
- **map image**: File:2018 United States Senate election in Florida results map by county.svg
- **map size**: 250px
- **map caption**: County results
**Scott:**
**Nelson:**
- **title**: U.S. Senator
- **before election**: Bill Nelson
- **before party**: Democratic Party (United States)
- **after election**: Rick Scott
- **after party**: Republican Party (United States)
The Conners

***The Conners*** is an American television sitcom. The show is a spin-off of the American television sitcom _Roseanne_. The show follows the title family, the Conners.

The Conners are a working-class family. They work hard to get by on a limited household income. They're forced to face the daily struggles in their home in the fictional town of Lanford, Illinois.

The series stars John Goodman, Sara Gilbert, Lecy Goranson, Laurie Metcalf and Emma Kenney. Almost all continue their roles from the TV series _Roseanne_.

Development on a spin-off began when the series _Roseanne_ was canceled in May 2018. The show was canceled when actress Roseanne Barr made racist remarks on Twitter that month.

_The Conners_ airs at the same time that the previous show, _Roseanne_, had been scheduled to air during the 2018–19 television season. It airs at 8:00 pm Eastern Time and 7:00 pm Central Time.

The show's ran from October 16, 2018 to April 23, 2025 on the ABC network.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Sitcom
- **creator**: Laurie Metcalf
Matt Williams
Sara Gilbert
- **based on**: Roseanne
by Matt Williams
- **starring**: John Goodman
Laurie Metcalf
Sara Gilbert
Lecy Goranson
Michael Fishman
Emma Kenney
Ames McNamara
Jayden Rey
Maya Lynne Robinson
Jay R. Ferguson
- **composer**: Antonio Beliveau
- **executive producer**: Tom Werner
Tony Hernandez
Sara Gilbert
Laurie Metcalf
Dave Caplan
Bruce Rasmussen
Bruce Helford
- **company**: Mohawk Productions
Jax Media
Gilbert TV (season 1)
Werner Entertainment (season 1)
Sara + Tom (season 2–7)