juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ray Ceresino

**Ray Ceresino** (April 24, 1929 – May 1, 2015) was a Canadian ice hockey left winger. He played for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL. He was born in Port Arthur, Ontario.
Tom Cook

**Thomas John Cook** (May 7, 1907 – October 2, 1961) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played 348 games in the National Hockey League. Born in Fort William, Ontario, he played for the Montreal Maroons and Chicago Black Hawks. He won the Stanley Cup in 1934 with the Chicago Black Hawks.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **birth place**: Fort William, Ontario, Fort William, Ontario, Canada
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 7
- **weight lb**: 140
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Left
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
Montreal Maroons
- **career start**: 1928
- **career end**: 1938
Dave Creighton

**David Theodore Creighton** (June 24, 1930 – August 18, 2017) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward. He was born in Port Arthur, Ontario.

Creighton started his National Hockey League career with the Boston Bruins in 1948. He would also play with the Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Black Hawks, and New York Rangers. He left the NHL after the 1960 season. He played several more seasons in the AHL before retiring after the 1969 season. After this, he coached the Providence Reds from 1969 to 1970.

Creighton died at his home in Wesley Chapel, Florida on August 18, 2017 at the age of 87.
Frank Daley

**Francis Patrick Denis "Dapper Dan" Daley** (August 28, 1908 – October 15, 1968) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played for the Detroit Cougars in the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Left Wing
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 178
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **team**: Detroit Cougars (NHL), Detroit Cougars
- **birth place**: Port Arthur, Ontario, Port Arthur, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **career start**: 1928
- **career end**: 1945
Larry Aurie

**Harry Lawrence "Little Dempsey" Aurie** (February 8, 1905 in Sudbury, Ontario – December 12, 1952 in Detroit, Michigan) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger who played 11 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Detroit Cougars, Detroit Falcons and Detroit Red Wings.

## Awards and achievements

- IAHL Second All-Star Team, 1939
- Led NHL in goals in 1936–37
- Named to NHL First All-Star Team, 1936–37
- Played in NHL All-Star Game, 1933–34
- Won the Stanley Cup (with the Detroit Red Wings) 1936, 1937

## References

- Aurie holds Detroit's forgotten number, Macomb Daily
- http://www.kuklaskorner.com/index.php/hockey/comments/ilitch_celebrates_yzerman_desecrates_aurie/ , Kukla's Corner: Ilitch Celebrates Yzerman, Desecrates Aurie

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **played for**: London Panthers
Detroit Red Wings
Pittsburgh Hornets
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Right Wing (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 6
- **weight lb**: 148
- **birth place**: Greater Sudbury, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- **death place**: Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
- **career start**: 1926
- **career end**: 1944
Hurricane Gloria

## Timeline

**Hurricane Gloria** was an Atlantic tropical cyclone in September 1985. The storm was the first major storm to affect Long Island and New York directly since Hurricane Donna 25 years before.

The storm started as a tropical depression on September 16; it became Tropical Storm Gloria on September 17.

On September 18, it weakened back to a tropical depression. Two days later, it became a tropical storm again.

After being a weak tropical cyclone for several days, on September 22, Gloria became a hurricane. It quickly became stronger on September 24; the next day, its winds peaked at 145 mph. A 2008 reanalysis later found the winds had been even stronger.

On September 27, the hurricane struck eastern North Carolina as a Category 2 storm. It then moved up the East Coast of the United States. Later that day, the storm struck western Long Island, with winds of 85 mph. One hour after striking Long Island, it hit near Westport, Connecticut.

Gloria moved northeast through Atlantic Canada.

## Damages

Damage from the storm was $900 million.

The death toll from the storm was fourteen.

## Naming

The name _Gloria_ was later retired and replaced with _Grace_.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Gloria
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 1985
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Gloria 1985-09-24 1813Z.jpg
- **image name**: Hurricane Gloria near peak intensity to the northeast of the Bahamas on September 24
- **alt**: A view of Hurricane Gloria from Space on September 25. The intense storm features a small eye and large convective bands.
- **formed**: September 16, 1985
- **dissipated**: October 2, 1985
- **extratropical**: September 28
- **1-min winds**: 125
- **pressure**: 919
- **damages**: 900
- **fatalities**: 14 total
- **areas**: North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic states, Long Island, New England, Atlantic Canada
- **hurricane season**: 1985 Atlantic hurricane season
Amherst, Nova Scotia

**Amherst** is a Canadian town in northwestern Cumberland County, Nova Scotia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Amherst, Nova Scotia
- **settlement type**: List of towns in Nova Scotia, Town
- **image skyline**: Downtown Amherst, Nova Scotia.jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Amherst, Nova Scotia in the morning
- **image flag**: Flag-of-Amherst-NS.jpg
- **named for**: Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst
- **pushpin map**: Nova Scotia#Canada
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin mapsize**: 275
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Amherst, Nova Scotia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties of Nova Scotia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Nova Scotia
- **subdivision name2**: Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Cumberland
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1764
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: December 18, 1889
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Deputy Mayor
- **area footnotes**:  (2021)
- **area land km2**: 12.07
- **area urban km2**: 12.38
- **elevation m**: 22.11
- **population total**: 9404
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: 779.4
- **population urban**: 9550
- **population density urban km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Change <small>2016-21</small>
- **population blank1**: -0.1%
- **population blank2 title**: Census Ranking
- **population blank2**: 452 of 5,162
- **population demonym**: Amherstonian
- **postal code type**: Canadian postal code, Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: List of B postal codes of Canada, B4H
- **website**: [http://www.amherst.ca/ www.amherst.ca]
- **footnotes**: *Median household income, 2005 (all households)
- **leader title2**: Councillors
- **leader title3**: MLA
- **leader title4**: MP
- **timezone**: Atlantic Time Zone, AST
- **utc offset**: −04:00
- **timezone dst**: ADT
- **utc offset dst**: −03:00
- **blank name**: Access Routes

- **blank info**:

- **blank1 name**: Dwellings
- **blank1 info**: 4,745
- **blank2 name**: Median Income*
- **blank2 info**: $36,539 Canadian dollar, CAD
- **blank3 name**: National Topographic System, NTS Map
- **blank4 name**: Geographical Names Board of Canada, GNBC Code
- **blank4 info**: CAAOO
Sulfur hexafluoride

**Sulfur hexafluoride**, also known as **sulfur(VI) fluoride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SF<sub>6</sub>. It contains sulfur in its +6 oxidation state. It also contains fluoride ions.

BBC News says "It's the most powerful greenhouse gas known to humanity, and emissions have risen rapidly in recent years. Sulphur hexafluoride, or SF6, is widely used in the electrical industry to prevent short circuits and accidents. Leaks of the little-known gas in the UK and the rest of the EU in 2017 were the equivalent of putting an extra 1.3 million cars on the road".

## Properties

Sulfur hexafluoride is a colorless, odorless gas. It is very heavy for a gas (about 5 times heavier than air). It is non-reactive, and hard to find anything that reacts with it. It is a strong greenhouse gas. This has made people put some restrictions on using it.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting sulfur with fluorine. That combination also makes toxic disulfur decafluoride, which has to be removed.

## Uses

It is used in electronics and various electrical devices. It can be used in the body since it is not toxic. It can be used as a test gas to look where gas flows in a heater system, for example. It is detected easily. It is used in some torpedoes. Lithium is one of the only things that reacts with sulfur hexafluoride. Sulfur hexafluoride is sprayed on lithium. This makes the lithium very hot. It creates steam from water and shoots the torpedo. It can be breathed in to make the voice deeper. This is the opposite of breathing in helium gas.

## Safety

Sulfur hexafluoride is not toxic. It can fill up in closed spaces though. A person may suffocate in the closed space if sulfur hexafluoride has pushed out the oxygen from the space.

## Greenhouse gas

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,  is the most potent greenhouse gas that it has evaluated, with a global warming potential (GWP) of 22,800 times that of carbon dioxide when compared over a 100-year period.  Measurements of SF<sub>6</sub> show that its global average mixing ratio has increased by about 0.2 ppt per year to over 7 ppt.  Sulfur hexafluoride is also extremely long-lived. It is inert in the troposphere and stratosphere. It has an estimated atmospheric lifetime of 800–3200 years.  is very stable. (For countries reporting their emissions to the UNFCCC, a GWP of 23,900 for  was suggested at the third Conference of the Parties: GWP used in Kyoto protocol). Average global SF<sub>6</sub> concentrations increased by about seven percent per year during the 1980s and 1990s, mostly as the result of its use in the magnesium production industry, and by electrical utilities and electronics manufacturers. Given the low amounts of SF<sub>6</sub> released compared to carbon dioxide, its overall contribution to global warming is estimated to be less than 0.2 percent.

In Europe,  falls under the F-Gas directive which ban or control its use in several ways. Since 1 January 2006,  is banned as a tracer gas and in all applications except high-voltage switchgear.

## Related pages

- Sodium fluoride
- Potassium fluoride
Gallery

An **art gallery** is a place where art is displated.  **Gallery** may also refer to:

- National Gallery, London, an art gallery in London, England
- National Gallery of Art, an art gallery in Washington, D.C.
- National Gallery of Armenia, an art gallery in Yerevan, Armenia
Disulfur decafluoride

**Disulfur decafluoride**, also known as **sulfur pentafluoride** and **sulfur(V) fluoride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is S<sub>2</sub>F<sub>10</sub>. It contains sulfur in its +5 oxidation state.

## Properties

Disulfur decafluoride is a colorless liquid. It has no odor. It is very toxic. It disproportionates to sulfur hexafluoride and sulfur tetrafluoride when heated. It reacts with sulfur dioxide. It also can react with chlorine, bromine, and ammonia. It is more toxic than phosgene.

## Uses

It was thought of as a poison gas in World War II, but it was never used. It has almost no uses.

## Related pages

- Sulfur trioxide
- Phosphorus pentoxide
Turdidae

The **Turdidae** are a family of passerine songbirds, the **thrushes**. It includes the common song thrush and the blackbird. Most authorities now place this group in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.
Paridae

The **Paridae** is a family of tiny birds, the **tits** (called 'chickadees' or 'titmice' in North America). They are passerine songbirds which are native to the northern hemisphere and Africa. Most of them used to be classified in the genus _Parus_, which has now been split up.

These birds are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout  bills. Some have crests. They range in length from 10 to 22 centimetres. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

Many species will live around human habitation and come readily to bird feeders for nuts or seed, and learn to take other foods. In Britain, great tits and blue tits learned to break through the foil caps sealing bottles of milk on doorsteps, to get at the cream on top. Of course, the change in milk packaging has robbed them of this delicacy.

These are hole-nesting birds, typically using trees, although some species build nests on the ground. They lay anything from three to nineteen speckled white eggs, depending on species.

## Behaviour

The tits are active, noisy, social birds. They are territorial during the breeding season. The tits are highly adaptable and, after the corvids (crows and jays) and parrots, amongst the most intelligent of all birds.

### Vocalisations

The tits make a variety of calls and songs. They are amongst the most vocal of all birds, calling continuously and loudly. They are only ever silent for reasons such as avoiding predators or when intruding on a rival's territory. Quiet calls are made while feeding to keep contact with others in their social group. Other calls are used for signalling alarm—the most famous of which is the "Chic-a-dee-dee" of North American species in the genus _Poecile_. The call also serves a rallying call to summon others to mob and harass the predator. It has been demonstrated through experiments that the number of "dee" syllables at the end of the call increases with the level of danger the predator poses.

### Diet and feeding

The tits are insectivorous, and eat a wide range of small insects and other invertebrates, particularly small leaf-eating caterpillars. They also eat seeds and nuts, especially in winter. A typical activity is _hanging_, where they inspect a branch or twig and leaves from all angles while hanging upside down to feed.

In areas with several species of tit, the different species will forage (search) in different parts of a tree. Larger species search on the ground, medium sized species search on larger branches, and the smallest species on the ends of branches. If they get larger prey or seeds, tits will do 'hold-hammering'. They hold the item with one foot, and hammer it with their bill (beak) until it is open. In this way they can open hazelnuts in 20 minutes.

Many birds store food in a cache or hiding place. They hoard supplies of food for the winter. These caches are usually of seeds but may be of insects.

## Related pages

- Black-capped chickadee
Sulfur tetrafluoride

**Sulfur tetrafluoride**, also known as **sulfur(IV) fluoride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SF<sub>4</sub>. It contains sulfur in its +4 oxidation state.

## Properties

Sulfur tetrafluoride is a colorless gas. It is toxic and corrosive. It releases hydrogen fluoride when exposed to water.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting sodium fluoride, chlorine, and sulfur dichloride. The chlorine does not have to be included. If no chlorine is used, other products form that need to be taken out.

## Uses

Sulfur tetrafluoride is used to make organic molecules containing fluoride ions. It is not used much.

## Related pages

- Sulfur hexafluoride
- Sulfur pentafluoride
Sulfur dichloride

**Sulfur dichloride**, also known as **sulfur(II) chloride**, is a chemical compound made of sulfur and chlorine. Its chemical formula is . It contains sulfur in its +2 oxidation state.

## Properties

Sulfur dichloride is a red liquid. It has a strong odor. It is a common sulfur chloride. It reacts with water to make hydrochloric acid and sulfur dioxide. When it is old, it might have some chlorine in it. It reacts with fluorides to make sulfur tetrafluoride.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting chlorine with sulfur. Disulfur dichloride is an intermediate. It is also a common impurity in sulfur dichloride.

## Related pages

- Sulfur hexafluoride
- Disulfur decafluoride
Disulfur dichloride

**Disulfur dichloride**, also known as **sulfur(I) chloride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>. It contains sulfur in its +1 oxidation state. It contains chlorine in its -1 oxidation state.

## Properties

It is a yellow or orange liquid. It smokes in air because it reacts with water. It releases sulfur, sulfur dioxide, and hydrochloric acid when reacted with water. It reacts with chlorine to make sulfur dichloride. It can dissolve sulfur.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting a little chlorine with sulfur. A lot of chlorine would make sulfur dichloride.

## Uses

It is used to place sulfur atoms some organic compounds.

## Related pages

- Tetrasulfur tetranitride
- Sulfur tetrafluoride
Sulfur fluoride

**Sulfur fluoride** can refer to any of these chemical compounds:

- Sulfur tetrafluoride
- Disulfur decafluoride
- Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur chloride

**Sulfur chloride** can refer to any of these chemical compounds:

- Disulfur dichloride, yellow liquid
- Sulfur dichloride, red liquid
Tetrasulfur tetranitride

**Tetrasulfur tetranitride**, also known as **tetrasulphur tetranitride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is S<sub>4</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. It contains sulfur in its +3 oxidation state. It also contains nitride ions.

## Properties

It is a gold solid. It is an explosive, releasing sulfur and nitrogen when detonated. The purer the substance is, the more easily it explodes. It is pale yellow when cold, orange at normal temperature, and red when hot. It reacts with bases. It can be split into disulfur dinitride when it is reacted with silver. It does not dissolve in water.

## Preparation

It can be made by reacting disulfur dichloride with ammonia. It can also be made by reacting ammonium chloride with disulfur dichloride.

## Uses

It can be used to react with many organic compounds.

## Safety

It is an explosive, so it should not be ground. Explosion releases harmless nitrogen and sulfur.

## Related pages

- Nitrate
- Sulfate
Sulfur nitride

**Sulfur nitride** can refer to either of these chemical compounds:

- Disulfur dinitride, explosive
- Tetrasulfur tetranitride, two disulfur dinitrides connected, explosive
Disulfur dinitride

**Disulfur dinitride** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is S<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>. It contains sulfur in its +3 oxidation state. It also contains nitride ions.

## Properties

Disulfur dinitride is a colorless crystalline solid. It is explosive, similar to tetrasulfur tetranitride. It easily evaporates. It does not dissolve in water. It turns back into tetrasulfur tetranitride when exposed to water.

## Preparation

Disulfur dinitride is produced by reacting elemental silver with tetrasulfur tetranitride. This forms silver(I) sulfide, which acts as a catalyst. This reaction happens in a vacuum.

## Uses

It reacts with some chemical compounds that are acids.

## Related pages

- Sulfur nitride
- Sulfur hexafluoride
I puritani

***I puritani*** is an Italian opera in three acts by Vincenzo Bellini, first performed in Paris, on January 25, 1835, libretto by Carlo Pepoli, after Jacques Ancelot and Xavier Boniface Saintine's _Têtes Rondes et Cavaliers_, itself based on Sir Walter Scott's _Old Morality_. Bellini's last work and one of his greatest triumphs.

## Principal characters

- Elvira - soprano
- Arturo - tenor
- Riccardo - baritone
- Giorgio - bass
- Enrichetta - mezzo-soprano
- Bruno - tenor
- Gualtiero - bass

## Reference

- _The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta_, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
La sonnambula

***La sonnambula*** is an Italian opera in two acts by Vincenzo Bellini, first performed at La Scala in Milan, on March 6, 1831, libretto by Felice Romani, after Eugène Sribe's ballet-pantomime _La somnanbule_. Bellini's most pastoral work, it was an immediate success and is still regularly performed.

## Principal roles and voice types

- Amina - soprano
- Elvino - tenor
- Count Rodolfo - bass
- Lisa - soprano
- Teresa - mezzo-soprano

## Discography

- 1952: Lina Pagliughi (Amina), Ferruccio Tagliavini (Elvino), Cesare Siepi (Rodolfo), Wanda Ruggeri (Lisa), Anna Maria Anelli (Teresa); Coro e Orchestra Sinfonica della RAI di Torino, Franco Capuana - (Preiser Records)
- 1955: Maria Callas (Amina), Cesare Valletti (Elvino), Giuseppe Modesti (Rodolfo), Eugenia Ratti (Lisa), Gabriella Carturan (Teresa); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Leonard Bernstein - (EMI Classics)
- 1957: Maria Callas (Amina), Nicola Monti (Elvino), Nicola Zaccaria (Rodolfo), Eugenia Ratti (Lisa), Fiorenza Cossotto (Teresa); Coro e Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, Antonino Votto - (EMI Classics)
- 1962: Joan Sutherland (Amina), Nicola Monti (Elvino), Fernando Corena (Rodolfo), Sylvia Stahlman (Lisa), Margreta Elkins (Teresa); Orchestra e Coro del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Richard Bonynge - (Decca)
- 1980: Joan Sutherland (Amina), Luciano Pavarotti (Elvino), Nicolai Ghiaurov (Rodolfo), Isobel Buchanan (Lisa), Della Jones (Teresa); London Opera Chorus, National Philharmonic Orchestra, Richard Bonynge - (Decca)
- 2006: Natalie Dessay (Amina), Francesco Meli (Elvino), Carlo Colombara (Rodolfo), Sara Mingardo (Lisa), Jael Azzaretti (Teresa); Chœur et Orchestre de l'Opéra National de Lyon, Evelino Pido - (Virgin Classics)
- 2008: Cecilia Bartoli (Amina), Juan Diego Flórez (Elvino), Ildebrando D'Arcangelo (Rodolfo), Gemma Bertagnolli (Lisa), Liliana Nikiteanu (Teresa); Chor des Opernhauses Zürich, Orchestra La Scintilla, Alessandro de Marchi - (L'Oiseau-Lyre)

## Reference

- _The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta_, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
Roméo et Juliette

***Roméo et Juliette*** is a French opera in five acts by Charles Gounod, first performed in Paris, on April 27, 1867, libretto by Jules Barbier et Michel Carré, after Shakespeare's _Romeo and Juliet_. One of Gounod's most successful works, it contains his most beautiful and melodious music. It is still regularly performed.

## Principal roles

- Juliette - soprano
- Roméo - tenor
- Frère Laurent - bass
- Mercutio - baritone
- Stephano - soprano
- Gertrude - mezzo-soprano
- Thybalt - tenor
- Capulet - baritone

## Reference

- _The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta_, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
Roberta Peters

**Roberta Peters** (May 4, 1930 – January 18, 2017) is an American soprano. She had a long and successful career at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. She was particularly associated with light coloratura roles in Italian, French and German operas.

## Life and career

Born **Roberta Peterman** in New York City, she began vocal study at the age of 13 with William Herman, encouraged by tenor Jan Peerce, a family friend.

She made her unscheduled debut (as an emergency replacement) at the Metropolitan Opera, on November 17, 1950, as Zerlina in _Don Giovanni_, aged only 20 and having no previous stage experience. The success was immediate. Her well schooled voice, good looks and charming personality quickly made her a great favorite of this theatre where she was to sing regularly for 35 seasons.

Some of her most performed roles include; Susanna (_Le nozze di Figaro_), Despina (_Cosi fan tutte_), The Queen of the Night (_The Magic Flute_),  Rosina (_Il barbiere di Siviglia_), Adina (_L'elisir d'amore_), Norina (_Don Pasquale_), Lucia (_Lucia di Lammermoor_), Gilda (_Rigoletto_), Oscar (_Un ballo in maschera_), Nanetta (_Falstaff_), Olympia (_Les contes d'Hoffmann_), Sophie (_Der Rosenkavalier_), Zerbinetta (_Ariadne auf Naxos_), etc.

She also appeared abroad, notably at the Royal Opera House in London in 1951, as Arline in _The Bohemian Girl_, and later appeared at the Vienna State Opera, the Salzburg Festival, the Bolshoi in Moscow. She also made several appearances on television, notably on _The Ed Sullivan Show_.

Roberta Peters retired from the stage in 1985, but continued to give recital until recent years. She was briefly married to baritone Robert Merrill.

Peters died from Parkinson's disease on January 18, 2017 in Rye, New York. She was 86.

## References

- _The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia_, edited by David Hamilton, Simon & Schuster, 1987.
Hannibal Alkhas

**Hannibal Alkhas** (1930 – 2010) was a sculptor, painter and author. He was born in 1930 in Iran into an ethnic Assyrian and Christian family and spent his childhood and teenage years in Kermanshah, Ahwaz and Tehran. In 1951, Hannibal Alkhas moved to the United States in pursuit of his education and studied philosophy for three years at Loyola University of Chicago, Illinois.
From 1953 to 1958 he attended the Art Institute of Chicago where he earned his Bachelor's and Masters of Fine Arts.

In 1959, after the death of his father, the famous Assyrian writer Rabi Adai Alkhas, Hannibal Alkhas returned to Iran and began to teach painting, drawing, and art history at the Tehran School of Fine Arts for the next four years. During this time he established the _Gilgamesh gallery_, where aspiring young artists were introduced.
In 1963 he returned to the United States and taught a Monticello College in Illinois where he became the chairman of the art department.
In 1969 Hannibal again returned to Iran and spent the next eleven (11) years teaching at Tehran University [6].

He taught at Islamic Azad University in Iran.

Hannibal Alkhas has also created book illustrations, written poems and translated many poems to and from Assyrian. His works have been displayed in numerous exhibitions in Iran, Europe, Canada, Australia and the US.

Hannibal Alkhas died on September 14, 2010 at the age of 80 in the United States. He was suffering from cancer.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hannibal Alkhas
- **image**: Hanibal Alkhas.jpg
- **birth date**: June 16, 1930
- **birth place**: Kermanshah
- **death date**: September 13, 2010 (aged 80)
- **death place**: California
- **nationality**: Iranian
- **education**: Fine art
- **alma mater**: Firooz Bahram High School
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
- **party**: Tudeh Party of Iran
- **occupation**: Painter, art critic and teacher, translator and writer
- **known for**: Alkhas was one of the contemporary Iranian painters who spent more than thirty-five years of his life studying and teaching.
Blue tit

The **blue tit** (_Cyanistes caeruleus_) is a passerine songbird in the family Paridae. It is 10.5 to 12 cm (4.2 to 4.8 inches) long.

The blue tit is a widespread and common resident breeder. It lives throughout temperate and subarctic Europe and western Asia in deciduous or mixed woodlands. It is a resident bird; most do not migrate.

## Behaviour

Blue and great tits form mixed winter flocks, and the former are perhaps the better gymnasts on the slender twigs. A blue tit will often ascend a trunk in short jerky hops, imitating a treecreeper. As a rule the bird roosts in ivy or evergreens, but in hard weather will shelter in a hole. Blue tits are very agile and can hang from almost anywhere.

The blue tit has an average life expectancy of 1.5 years http://www.garden-birds.co.uk/information/lifespan.htm

### Diet

The blue tit is a destroyer of pests. It is fond of young buds of various trees, and may pull them to bits in the hope of finding insects. No species, however, destroys more coccids and aphids, the worst foes of many plants. It also eats leaf miner grubs and green tortrix moths (Tortricidae). Seeds are eaten, as with all this family.

### Learning

An interesting example of culturally transmitted learning in birds was the phenomenon dating from the 1960s of blue tits teaching one another how to open traditional British milk bottles with foil tops, to get at the cream underneath. This behaviour has declined recently because of the replacement of doorstep delivery by supermarket purchases of milk, and by hard-topped containers instead of the old bottles.

## Other websites

- The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (Blue tit)
- Blue tit videos, photos & sounds  on the Internet Bird Collection.
Crow

**Crows** form the genus ***Corvus*** are in the family Corvidae. They are medium to large sized birds, carnivores and scavengers.

The genus includes the crow (carrion crow or hooded crow), the rook, jackdaw, and the large common raven. The genus has 40 or so members on all temperate continents except for South America, and some islands.

The Corvus makes up a third of the species in the Corvidae. Crows appear to have evolved in Asia from corvid stock which had evolved in Australia. The collective name for a group of crows is a _flock_ or, more poetically, a _murder_.

## Characteristics

Crows will eat just about anything from insects to invertebrates to meat. They also enjoy nuts, worms, and vegetables. Crows are known for being shy around humans at first. Crows are naturally shy and wary creatures, and they prefer open areas with good visibility and safe places to perch and roost. Crows have keen eyesight. They enjoy bathing and drinking from birdbaths.

Crows such as the all-black Carrion Crow are fairly solitary, usually found alone or in pairs, although they may sometimes form flocks. This is unlike other crows such as the Rook and the Hooded Crow, which are more sociable birds.

## Intelligence

Some crow species not only use tools but also make tools.  Crows are now thought to be, with parrots, among the world's most intelligent birds.

They have a brain size (adjusted for body size) as large as some apes. The jackdaw and the European magpie have a _nidopallium_ about the same relative size as the equivalent neocortex in chimpanzees, and significantly larger than is found in the gibbon.

A story of how a girl fed crows, and in return they brought her tiny gifts, shows what the birds are capable of.

## Cultural depictions

Historically, the crow was believed to be a divine agent. In the Qur'an's story of Cain and Abel, a crow is mentioned as the bird whom Allah sent to teach Cain how to bury his murdered brother. It was also believed that when Alexander the Great and his army became lost in the North African desert, two crows guided them to safety.
Silver(I) sulfide

**Silver(I) sulfide**, also known as **silver sulfide** and **silver sulphide**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Ag<sub>2</sub>S. It contains silver in its +1 oxidation state. It also contains sulfide ions.

## Properties

It is a black solid. It reacts with acids. It is heavy. It can irritate the skin.

## Occurrence and preparation

It exists in the ground as acanthite and argentite. It is also made when silver is in air containing hydrogen sulfide. The oxygen in air cannot oxidize the silver directly; the hydrogen sulfide helps it. It is the tarnish on silver items.

## Uses

It is mostly an unwanted product when silver tarnishes.

## Related pages

- Silver(I) oxide
Silver nitrate

**Silver nitrate** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AgNO<sub>3</sub>. It contains silver in its +1 oxidation state as an ion. It also has nitrate.

## Properties

Silver nitrate is a colorless crystalline solid. It dissolves in water. Most silver compounds do not dissolve in water. It can get dark if light shines on it. It is an oxidizing agent. Most of the time the silver ion is reduced, but sometimes the nitrate ion is reduced. It reacts with copper to make silver crystals and copper(II) nitrate. It turns into silver, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen when it is heated. It is the least expensive silver compound. It reacts with bases to make dark brown silver(I) oxide.

## Preparation

It is made by dissolving silver in nitric acid. This produces nitrogen dioxide, so it should be done where the person can get fresh air.

## Uses

It was used to separate silver and gold. Gold does not dissolve in nitric acid. It is used to make other silver compounds. It reacts with chloride, bromide, and iodides to make white, cream, and yellow-colored solids. It is also used as an oxidizing agent. It can also be used to kill germs.

## Safety

Silver nitrate is an oxidizing agent and should be kept away from chemicals that can burn. It can burn and stain skin. If too much is eaten, it can turn the skin blue.

## Related pages

- Silver bromide
- Silver iodide
- Silver chloride
- Silver(II) fluoride
Burt Munro

**Burt Munro** (25 March 1899 – 6 January 1978) was a motorcycle racer from New Zealand. He began riding motorcycles when he was 15. He is famous for setting a world record on 26 August 1967 with his motorcycle. The speed was 295.453 km/h (183.59 mph). To qualify he made a one-way run of 305.89 km/h (190.07 mph), the fastest-ever officially recorded speed on an Indian.

## Other websites

- http://www.antiquemotorcycle.org/TheMagazine/burt_monro.html  Letters from the hand of Burt Munro
- Burt Munro: A New Zealand Legend
- E Hayes and Sons: The World's Fastest Indian Exhibition (original motorcycles), The World's Fastest Indian Legend
- A Tribute to H.J Munro, a.k.a "Burt" Munro
- Indian Motorcycle website
- , a documentary
Lilongwe River

**Lilongwe River** is a river in Malawi flowing through Lilongwe. Its length is near . At mouth of the Lilongwe River is Malawi Lake.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Lilongwe River
- **image**: Lilongwe.jpg
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Malawi
- **mouth**: Lake Malawi
Finch

**Finches** are passerine songbirds in the family **Fringillidae**. They are mostly seed-eaters. The scientific name Fringillidae comes from the Latin word _fringilla_ for the Chaffinch (_Fringilla coelebs_), which is common in Europe.

Most species are native to the Southern Hemisphere, but one subfamily is endemic to the Neotropics, one to the Hawaiian Islands, and one genus is found only in the Palaearctic (Eurasia and north Africa).

Many birds in other families are also commonly called "finches" They include
- • some species in the very similar-looking waxbills (family Passeridae, of the Old World tropics and Australia;
- • several groups of the bunting and American sparrow family (Emberizidae);
- • Darwin's 'finches' of the Galapagos Islands, which provided evidence of natural selection. They are now recognized to be peculiar tanagers (Thraupidae).

Some species are being imported or smuggled into other countries and sold as exotic pets.

## Sub-families

1. Fringillinae: _Fringilla_
1. Carduelinae:
    1. Grosbeaks
    1. American rosefinches
    1. Bullfinches
    1. Arid-zone clade
    1. Asian rosefinches
    1. Goldfinch-canary-crossbill clade
1. Drepanidinae: Hawaiian honeycreepers
1. Euphoniinae: Euphonious finches
Third way

**Third Way** tries to create consensus that restores friendly relations between the two types of political parties: right-wing and left-wing. Its goal is to settle their differing standpoints.

Supporters of the Third Way include Bill Clinton and Tony Blair.
Silver(II) fluoride

**Silver(II) fluoride**, also known as **argentic fluoride**, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AgF<sub>2</sub>. It has silver in its +2 oxidation state. It also contains fluoride ions.

## Properties

It is a white or gray crystalline solid. It is usually black or brown because of impurities. It is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is one of the only silver compounds that is in the +2 oxidation state. Most of the silver compounds are in the +1 oxidation state. It can react with glass. It should be stored in certain fluorinated plastics.

It is extremely reactive. It reacts with xenon. It also reacts with water to make oxygen and hydrofluoric acid. It reacts with acids to make ozone. It reacts with iodide to make iodide. It also reacts with hydrogen peroxide to make oxygen.

It is very expensive. Only a little is made each year.

## Preparation

Silver(II) fluoride is made by reacting fluorine with silver(I) oxide. It can also be made by reacting silver(I) fluoride or silver chloride with fluorine.

## Uses

Silver(II) fluoride is used to add fluoride to certain chemical compounds. It is not used much because it is very expensive.

## Safety

Silver(II) fluoride is very corrosive and toxic. It reacts with water to make toxic hydrofluoric acid. It also corrodes glass.

## Related pages

- Potassium fluoride
Katrina cottage

**Katrina cottages** are small houses designed and marketed in the United States in the wake of Hurricane Katrina (August 2005). They were designed as a response to the inadequacies of the trailers issued to flood victims by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The homes are designed to attempt to fulfill the needs of their occupants in a more permanent and weather-resistant manner, while addressing the challenges of building and protecting a home in the Gulf Coast region. Some of the homes are elevated, on stilts, particularly in southern Louisiana and Mississippi, where much of the land currently used is near sea level, protected by levees, or prone to flooding by nearby rivers or coastal storm surges or high tides.

Though designs differ somewhat, the main factor for appearance is that Katrina cottages look like traditional homes in the area, reduced in size to lower costs and ease construction so that multiple units can be built quickly as needed. The Katrina cottages are usually one-bedroom, shotgun-house designs, with a front porch that helps stabilize the house from strong winds. Hence, they tend to be smaller than many house trailers, which have 2 or 3 bedrooms (as in a double wide trailer); however, the cottages are constructed of heavier materials to resist winds that would buckle the light-weight walls of mobile homes.

The best-known of these designs are those by Marianne Cusato, whose original "Katrina Cottage" made the term popular and received in 2006 the first annual People's Design Award from the Cooper-Hewitt Museum of the U.S. Smithsonian Institution. As Cusato's design and others gained increasing media attention, the number of designs has increased.  The home-improvement retailer Lowe's offers pre-packaged Katrina Cottage kits, including plans and all materials needed for construction. A Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) pilot program accommodating 900 Mississippi coast families encountered some opposition from local government officials opposed to permanent small housing units, although Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour urged local officials to accept the cottages as safer than trailers, in high winds or moderate floods.

## Other websites

- "The house that Katrina built", _St. Petersburg Times_, January 28, 2006.
- "The little house that roared" , _San Francisco Chronicle_, March 4, 2006.
- "Lowe's Makes Katrina Cottages Available for Purchase", _Architectural Record Digest_, November 3, 2006.
Silver fluoride

**Silver fluoride** can refer to either of these chemical compounds:

- Silver(I) fluoride
- Silver(II) fluoride
Silver(I) fluoride

**Silver(I) fluoride** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AgF. It contains silver in its +1 oxidations state. It also contains fluoride ions.

## Properties

It is a yellow-brown solid. It can turn black when in moist air. It dissolves easily in water. It is an oxidizing agent because of the silver ion.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting silver(I) carbonate with hydrofluoric acid.

## Uses

It is used to add fluoride to organic compounds.

## Safety

Silver compounds can stain skin. They are also oxidizing agents and should be kept away from metal.

## Related pages

- Silver(II) fluoride
- Silver chloride
Silver carbonate

**Silver carbonate** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Ag<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. It contains silver in its +1 oxidation state. It also contains carbonate ions.

## Properties

It is a yellow solid. It reacts with acids to make carbon dioxide and a silver salt. It does not dissolve in water.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting sodium carbonate with silver nitrate.

## Uses

It is used as a catalyst.

## Safety

Silver compounds can irritate skin. If consumed, they may turn the skin blue.

## Related pages

- Silver oxide
- Silver chloride
Silver chloride

**Silver chloride** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AgCl. It contains silver in its +1 oxidation state. It also contains chloride ions.

## Properties

It is a white crystalline solid. It does not dissolve in water. When it is exposed to light, it turns back into silver and chlorine. It dissolves in several solutions, such as ammonia.

## Preparation

It can be made by reacting a common chloride such as sodium chloride with silver nitrate.

## Uses

It is used in photographic film. It darkens when exposed to light, which makes a picture. It is also used in electrochemistry. It is used as a disinfectant in bandages. It is also used to make stained glass. It can be used when someone is poisoned with mercury.

## Safety

It can irritate skin. It can also stain the skin. It is a weak oxidizing agent.

## Related pages

- Silver bromide
- Silver iodide
Silver bromide

**Silver bromide** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AgBr. It contains silver in its +1 oxidation state. It also contains bromide ions.

## Properties

It is a light yellow solid. It does not dissolve in water. It darkens when light shines on it. The darkening is because it turns into silver metal and bromine gas. It reacts with ammonia to dissolve.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting a bromide such as potassium bromide or sodium bromide with silver nitrate.

## Uses

It is used in photographic film. Many science studies are on this. Scientists are figuring out how it changes color when light shines on it.

## Related pages

- Silver chloride
- Silver fluoride
- Silver iodide
Potassium bromide

**Potassium bromide** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is KBr. It contains potassium and bromide ions.

## Properties

It is a white crystalline solid. It dissolves easily in water. When it is dilute, it tastes sweet; when it is a little concentrated, it tastes bitter; when it is very concentrated, it tastes salty. This taste is because of the potassium ion.

## Preparation

It can be made by reacting hydrogen bromide with potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide. It can also be made by reacting bromine and potassium metal. This is very difficult, though.

## Uses

It is used to put people to sleep (sedative). It is also used to stop convulsions. This is because of the bromide ion, not the potassium ion. It is used to make silver bromide. It is used to treat various animals.

## Safety

Bromide ions can be toxic in large amounts. Potassium ions can burn, similar to salt when someone eats too much.

## Related pages

- Potassium iodide
- Sodium bromide
Silver iodide

**Silver iodide** is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AgI. It contains silver in its +1 oxidation state. It also contains iodide ions.

## Properties

Silver iodide is a yellow solid. It does not dissolve in water. It turns dark when light is shined on it. The darkening is caused by a chemical reaction. The silver iodide turns into silver and iodine.

## Preparation

It is made by reacting an iodide such as sodium iodide with silver nitrate.

## Uses

Silver iodide is sprinkled in clouds to make rain. It can also be used in photographic film.

## Safety

Silver iodide is toxic. It can stain skin. It is not as toxic as other silver compounds that dissolve in water. The iodide also is toxic.

## Related pages

- Silver fluoride
- Silver chloride
- Silver bromide
Drosera regia

***Drosera regia***, also known as the **King sundew**, is a carnivorous plant of the sundew family. In the wild, it only grows in two places in a single valley in South Africa. Its leaves can grow to a size of 70 cm in length. It also has features which are not found in many other sundews, such as wooded rhizomes and special covered pollen. These features have been combined with a genetic analysis, and it was found that _D. regia_ is among the older species of sundew. The Venus Flytrap, another carnivorous plant, shares some of the features, which suggests a close relationship between the two.

The leaves of the plant are covered with tentacles. They are able to capture large prey, such as beetles, moths and butterflies. The tentacles of all _Drosera_ species are specialized glands, capable of producing sticky mucus. The leaves are active flypaper traps: they capture prey by surrounding it. In its native habitat, the plants compete for space with native marsh grasses and low evergreen shrubs. There are two known populations of the plant in the wild. The higher-altitude site is overgrown, and _D. regia_ no longer grows there. On the lower-altitude site, there are about 50 mature plants. For this reason, _D. regia_ is the most endangered _Drosera_ species, since it is threatened with extinction in the wild. It is often grown by people who like carnivorous plants and a single cultivar, "Big Easy", has been registered.
Green tree python

**Morelia viridis**, also called the green tree python, is a species of python found in New Guinea, islands in Indonesia, and Cape York Peninsula in Australia.
Ohm

There are some materials which offer some resistance to the current flow; they are not good Electrical conductor<nowiki/>s or good Electrical insulator<nowiki/>s. They are resistive materials, for example graphite, iron, and certain synthetic materials.

The magnitude that represents this characteristic is the resistance, and it is measured in ohms. An **ohm** (referred to by the Greek letter Ω (Omega)) is the SI unit of resistance (R). It can be defined by Ohm's law and the equation: 
where  is resistance in ohms,  is voltage in volts, and  the current in amperes.

The ohm was named after Georg Ohm.

## Further reading

- **Resistors Basics** : Everybody is able to understand electronics
Cathedral Prep Events Center

The **Cathedral Prep Events Center** is an outdoor multi-purpose sports stadium in Erie, Pennsylvania. It is home to the Cathedral Prep Ramblers. The field name is Dollinger Field. It has an official seating capacity of 1,800. That makes it the second largest football stadium in the City of Erie.

## Infobox (stadium)

- **name**: Cathedral Prep Events Center
- **nickname**: The Events Center
- **location**: Erie, Pennsylvania
- **built**: 2010
- **opened**: 2010 - September 10th
- **owner**: Cathedral Preparatory School
- **operator**: Cathedral Prep
- **surface**: Matrix artificial turf
- **construction cost**: 8.8 Million
- **tenants**: Cathedral Prep
- **capacity**: 2,500