juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Hiroki Mihara

**Hiroki Mihara** (born 20 April 1978) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1997||rowspan="4"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||Sagan Tosu||J. League 2||22||5||3||2||0||0||25||7
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0||0||0||2||0||2||0
|-
|2002||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 2||14||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||14||1
|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|Consadole Sapporo||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||17||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|2004||4||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2005||20||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||21||1
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Ryukyu||rowspan="2"|Football League||11||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||11||1
|-
|2007||23||3||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||3
111||11||7||2||2||0||120||13
111||11||7||2||2||0||120||13
|}
David Degen

**David Degen** (born 15 February 1983) is a Swiss former football player.

### Club

|Club performance|League|Cup|Continental|Total||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|FC Aarau|Nationalliga A|2000–01|5|1||||||||
|2001–02|2|0||||||||||
|2002–03|23|2||||||||||
|FC Basel|Swiss Super League|2003–04|22|2||||||||
|2004–05|16|1||||||||||
|2005–06|23|5||||||||||
|Borussia Mönchengladbach|Bundesliga|2006–07|18|2|1|0|–|–|19|2||
|FC Basel|Swiss Super League|2007–08|20|3||||||||
|BSC Young Boys|Swiss Super League|2008–09|19|5||||||||
|2009–10|30|6||||||||||
|2010–11|32|4||||||||||
|2011–12|25|2||||||||||
|rowspan="2"|FC Basel|Swiss Super League|2012–13|26|3|1|0|8|1|35|3|
|Swiss Super League|2013–14|6|0|3|0|1|0|10|0|||

### International career statistics

|-
|2006||4||0
|-
|2007||5||0
|-
|2008||0||0
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
!Total||10||0
|}

## Honours

- Basel
- Swiss Super League: 2003–04, 2004–05, 2007–08, 2012–13, 2013–14
- Swiss Cup: 2002–03, 2007–08
- Uhren Cup: 2003, 2013

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: David Degen
- **fullname**: David Degen
- **image**: David Degen.jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **caption**: Degen in January 2007
- **birth place**: Liestal, Switzerland
- **height**: 1.83 m
- **position**: Midfielder#Winger, Right winger
- **youthyears1**: 1990–1996
- **youthclubs1**: FC Oberdorf, Oberdorf
- **youthyears2**: 1996–1999
- **youthclubs2**: FC Basel
- **youthyears3**: 1999–2000
- **youthclubs3**: FC Aarau
- **years1**: 2000–2003
- **clubs1**: FC Aarau
- **caps1**: 30
- **goals1**: 3
- **years2**: 2003–2006
- **clubs2**: FC Basel
- **caps2**: 61
- **goals2**: 8
- **years3**: 2006–2008
- **clubs3**: Borussia Mönchengladbach
- **caps3**: 18
- **goals3**: 2
- **years4**: 2007–2008
- **clubs4**: → FC Basel (loan)
- **caps4**: 20
- **goals4**: 3
- **years5**: 2008–2012
- **clubs5**: BSC Young Boys, Young Boys
- **caps5**: 106
- **goals5**: 17
- **years6**: 2012–2014
- **clubs6**: FC Basel
- **caps6**: 34
- **goals6**: 3
- **totalcaps**: 269
- **totalgoals**: 36
- **nationalyears1**: 2000–2001
- **nationalteam1**: Switzerland national under-17 football team, Switzerland U17
- **nationalcaps1**: 10
- **nationalgoals1**: 3
- **nationalyears2**: 2001
- **nationalteam2**: Switzerland national under-19 football team, Switzerland U19
- **nationalcaps2**: 4
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **nationalyears3**: 2002–2003
- **nationalteam3**: Switzerland U20
- **nationalcaps3**: 6
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
- **nationalyears4**: 2003–2005
- **nationalteam4**: Switzerland national under-21 football team, Switzerland U21
- **nationalcaps4**: 24
- **nationalgoals4**: 6
- **nationalyears5**: 2006–2011
- **nationalteam5**: Switzerland national football team, Switzerland
- **nationalcaps5**: 17
- **nationalgoals5**: 0
Oceanside, California

**Oceanside** is a beach city in the state of California. It is the third largest city in San Diego County, California and the 17th largest in Southern California. The city has a population of 174,068 as of 2020. The cities Oceanside, Vista and Carlsbad all form the Tri-City area. Oceanside is south of the Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton.

## Climate

<div style="width:83%;">

</div>
Salt Lake Tabernacle

The ** Salt Lake Tabernacle** is a building in Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah. It was built by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in 1867.
Engelhard, North Carolina

**Engelhard** is a small village in North Carolina, United States. The village is found in Hyde County.

## People

About 300 people live there.
Luna Park, Melbourne

Melbourne's **Luna Park** is a historic amusement park near the beach at St Kilda, Victoria Australia. It was designed and developed by Frederick Ingersoll. It opened in 1912 and has been operating ever since. It is the first of two Luna Parks still operating in Australia; the other is on Sydney Harbour.
Miragoâne

**Miragoâne** (Kréyòl: _Miragwàn_) is a port city in southwestern Haiti. It is the capital city of the Nippes _Département_.

The city is on the coast of the _Miragoâne_ Bay, in the Gonâve Channel of the Gulf of Gonâve, about 100 km south of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. It is also the chief town of an _arrondissement_ (a part of a department) with the same name. The _arrondissement_ has four _communes_ (a _commune_ is like a municipality): Miragoâne, Fonds-des-Nègres, Paillant and Petite-Rivière-de-Nippes.

## History

The town was founded by English during the 17th century on the coast of a well-protected bay.

The name Miragoâne comes from _Miraguano_, the name given by the Taíno people to the
_Étang de Miragoâne_, the second largest lake of Haiti; the town is near the lake.

During a civil war in 1883, the town was destroyed.

## Economy

Miragoâne is an important port; coffee, fruits and wood are sent to other countries and other parts of Haiti from here. Used products (like clothes and cars) come to this port from Miami.

## Other websites

- Alliance Haiti: Balade à Miragoâne  - Information on Miragoâne (French text).

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Miragoâne
- **native name**: (Kréyòl): _Miragwàn_
- **pushpin map**: Haiti
- **pushpin map caption**: Miragoâne in Haiti
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Haiti
- **subdivision type1**: Province, Département
- **subdivision name1**: Nippes Department, Nippes
- **subdivision type2**: Arrondisement
- **subdivision name2**: Miragoâne
- **population as of**: 2003
- **population total**: 89202
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone (North America), Eastern
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Time Zone (North America), Eastern
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 0
Your Body Is a Wonderland

"**Your Body Is a Wonderland**" is a 2002 song written and sung by John Mayer. It was recorded in 2001 and released in 2002. The song won John Mayer a Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Your Body Is a Wonderland
- **artist**: John Mayer
- **album**: Room for Squares
- **released**: 2002
- **recorded**: 2001
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
Acoustic music, Acoustic
- **length**: 4:09
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **producer**: John Alagia
- **prev title**: No Such Thing
- **prev year**: 2002
- **next title**: Why Georgia
- **next year**: 2003
Brooke Hogan

**Brooke Hogan** (born May 5, 1988 in Tampa, Florida) is an American singer, actress and model who currently has her own show on VH1 and MuchMore called _Brooke Knows Best_ it is a spin-off of the show her parents were on called _Hogan Knows Best_. Her father is semi-retired professional wrestler Hulk Hogan. She released her debut album in 2006 entitled _Undiscovered_.
Kim Do-kyun

**Kim Do-kyun** (born 13 January 1977) is a South Korean football manager and former player. He is the current manager of K League 2 club Seoul E-Land.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1999||rowspan="5"|Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i||rowspan="5"|K-League||6||0||||||5||0||11||0
|-
|2000||12||1||||||2||0||14||1
|-
|2001||22||1||||||5||0||27||1
|-
|2002||8||0||||||10||1||18||1
|-
|2003||34||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||34||0

|-
|2004||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 2||17||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0

|-
|2005||Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma||K-League||1||0||0||0||6||0||7||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Chunnam Dragons||rowspan="2"|K-League||10||0||1||0||0||0||11||0
|-
|2006||7||0||0||0||0||0||7||0
100||2||1||0||28||1||129||3
17||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
117||2||1||0||28||1||146||3
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||7||0
|-
!Total||10||0
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Kim Do-kyun
- **birth place**: Yeongdeok, North Gyeongsang Province, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
- **height**: 1.84 m
- **position**: Midfielder
- **currentclub**: Seoul E-Land FC, Seoul E-Land (manager)
- **collegeyears1**: 1996–1998
- **college1**: University of Ulsan
- **years1**: 1999–2003
- **clubs1**: Ulsan Hyundai FC, Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i
- **caps1**: 82
- **goals1**: 2
- **years2**: 2004
- **clubs2**: Kyoto Sanga FC, Kyoto Purple Sanga
- **caps2**: 17
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2005
- **clubs3**: Seongnam FC, Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma
- **caps3**: 1
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2005–2006
- **clubs4**: Jeonnam Dragons
- **caps4**: 17
- **goals4**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 117
- **totalgoals**: 2
- **nationalyears1**: 1997
- **nationalteam1**: South Korea national under-20 football team, South Korea U20
- **nationalcaps1**: 8
- **nationalgoals1**: 2
- **nationalyears2**: 1999–2000
- **nationalteam2**: South Korea national under-23 football team, South Korea U23
- **nationalcaps2**: 28
- **nationalgoals2**: 2
- **nationalyears3**: 1999–2000
- **nationalteam3**: South Korea national football team, South Korea
- **nationalcaps3**: 10
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 2014–2016
- **manageryears2**: 2020–2023
- **managerclubs1**: Ulsan Hyundai FC, Ulsan Hyundai
- **managerclubs2**: Suwon FC
- **manageryears3**: 2024–
- **managerclubs3**: Seoul E-Land FC, Seoul E-Land


## Infobox (korean name)

- **hangul**: 김도균
- **hanja**: 金徒均
- **rr**: Kim Do-gyun
- **mr**: Kim To-kyun
Rodrigo Mendes

**Rodrigo Mendes** (born 9 August 1975) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Novo Hamburgo.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1996|Kashima Antlers|J1 League|14|4|3|0|0|0|17|4|
|1997|2|0|0|0|0|0|2|0|||
|2003|Oita Trinita|J1 League|13|3|0|0|3|1|16|4|

## Honours

- Guanabara Cup: 1995
- Rio de Janeiro State League: 1995, 1999
- Japanese League: 1997
- Paraná State League: 1998
- Mercosul Cup:1999
- Rio de Janeiro's Cup: 2000
- Rio Grande do Sul State League: 2001
- Brazilian Cup: 2001
- AFC Champions League **:** 2003
- United Arab Emirates League: 2004
- Ceara's Cup: 2009

## Personal honours

- Copa Libertadores Top Scorer **:** 2002

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Rodrigo Mendes
- **fullname**: Rodrigo Fabiano Mendes
- **birth place**: Uberaba, Brazil
- **height**: 1.80 m
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **youthyears1**: 1987–1990
- **youthclubs1**: Uberaba Sport Club, Uberaba-MG
- **youthyears2**: 1991–1994
- **youthclubs2**: Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, Flamengo
- **years1**: 1993–1995
- **years2**: 1996
- **years3**: 1996–1997
- **years4**: 1997
- **years5**: 1998
- **years6**: 1998
- **years7**: 1999–2000
- **years8**: 2000–2002
- **years9**: 2003
- **years10**: 2003–2004
- **years11**: 2004–2007
- **years12**: 2007–2008
- **years13**: 2008
- **years14**: 2009
- **years15**: 2009–2011
- **clubs1**: Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, Flamengo
- **clubs2**: Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense, Grêmio
- **clubs3**: Kashima Antlers
- **clubs4**: Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, Flamengo
- **clubs5**: Clube Atlético Paranaense, Atlético Paranaense
- **clubs6**: Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense, Grêmio
- **clubs7**: Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, Flamengo
- **clubs8**: Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense, Grêmio
- **clubs9**: Oita Trinita
- **clubs10**: Al Ain FC, Al Ain
- **clubs11**: Al-Gharrafa Sports Club, Al-Gharrafa
- **clubs12**: Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense, Grêmio
- **clubs13**: Sharjah FC, Sharjah CSC
- **clubs14**: Fortaleza Esporte Clube, Fortaleza
- **clubs15**: Esporte Clube Novo Hamburgo, Novo Hamburgo
- **caps1**: 46
- **goals1**: 2
- **caps2**: -
- **caps3**: 16
- **goals3**: 4
- **caps4**: -
- **caps5**: -
- **caps6**: 23
- **goals6**: 7
- **caps7**: 12
- **goals7**: 1
- **caps8**: 51
- **goals8**: 9
- **caps9**: 13
- **goals9**: 3
- **caps10**: -
- **caps11**: 48
- **goals11**: 25
- **caps12**: 7
- **goals12**: 2
- **caps13**: -
- **goals13**: -
- **caps14**: 6
- **goals14**: 3
Karim Haggui

**Karim Haggui** (born 20 January 1984) is a Tunisian football player. He plays for VfB Stuttgart and Tunisia national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Strasbourg||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||20||0
|-
|2005/06||23||2

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="9"|Bundesliga||24||0
|-
|2007/08||24||2
|-
|2008/09||11||1
|-
|2009/10||rowspan="5"|Hannover||30||2
|-
|2010/11||25||1
|-
|2011/12||27||3
|-
|2012/13||22||1
|-
|2013/14||3||0
|-
|2013/14||VfB Stuttgart||||
43||2
166||10
209||12
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|2003||3||1
|-
|2004||14||3
|-
|2005||4||0
|-
|2006||13||1
|-
|2007||8||0
|-
|2008||10||0
|-
|2009||7||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||59||5
|}
Dong Fangzhuo

**Dong Fangzhuo** (; born 23 January 1985) is a Chinese former professional footballer who played as a forward.

### Domestic

|-
|2002||Dalian Sidelong||Jia-B League||14||20
|-
|2003||Dalian Shide||Jia-A League||8||0

|-
|2003–04||rowspan="4"|Royal Antwerp||First Division||9||1
|-
|2004–05||rowspan="3"|Second Division||19||6
|-
|2005–06||29||18
|-
|2006–07||14||10

|-
|2006–07||rowspan="2"|Manchester United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||1||0
|-
|2007–08||0||0

|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Dalian Haichang||rowspan="2"|Super League||8||0
|-
|2009||15||1

|-
|2009–10||Legia Warszawa||Ekstraklasa||||
45||21
71||35
1||0
0||0
117||56

### International

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="4"|China|||
|2005|1|0||
|2006|7|1||
|2007|5|0||

- _Scores and results list China's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Fangzhuo goal_

|scope=col|No.|scope=col|Date|scope=col|Venue|scope=col|Opponent|scope=col|Score|scope=col|Result|scope=col|Competition|scope=col class="unsortable"||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|1||Hardturm, Zürich, Switzerland||align="center"|1–4|align="center"|1–4|Friendly|||||||

## Honours

**FC Mika**
- Armenian Cup: 2011

## Other websites

- Stats at Royal Antwerp F.C.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Dong Fangzhuo
- **image**: Dong Fangzhuo In Hunan Billows (cropped).JPG
- **caption**: Dong with Hunan Billows in 2013
- **fullname**: Dong Fangzhuo
- **birth place**: Dalian, Liaoning, China
- **height**: 6 ft 0 in
- **position**: Forward (association football), Striker
- **years1**: 2002
- **clubs1**: Dalian Sidelong F.C., Dalian Sidelong
- **caps1**: 18
- **goals1**: 2
- **years2**: 2002–2004
- **clubs2**: Dalian Shide F.C., Dalian Shide
- **caps2**: 8
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2004–2008
- **clubs3**: Manchester United F.C., Manchester United
- **caps3**: 1
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2004–2006
- **clubs4**: → Royal Antwerp F.C., Royal Antwerp (loan)
- **caps4**: 71
- **goals4**: 34
- **years5**: 2008–2010
- **clubs5**: Dalian Shide F.C., Dalian Shide
- **caps5**: 26
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 2010
- **clubs6**: Legia Warsaw
- **caps6**: 2
- **goals6**: 0
- **years7**: 2010–2011
- **clubs7**: Portimonense S.C., Portimonense
- **caps7**: 3
- **goals7**: 0
- **years8**: 2011
- **clubs8**: FC Mika, Mika
- **caps8**: 21
- **goals8**: 4
- **years9**: 2012–2013
- **clubs9**: Hunan Billows
- **caps9**: 43
- **goals9**: 9
- **years10**: 2014
- **clubs10**: Hebei Zhongji
- **caps10**: 7
- **goals10**: 2
- **totalcaps**: 200
- **totalgoals**: 51
- **nationalyears1**: 2005
- **nationalteam1**: China national under-20 football team, China U20
- **nationalcaps1**: 3
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2008
- **nationalteam2**: China national under-23 football team, China U23
- **nationalcaps2**: 3
- **nationalgoals2**: 1
- **nationalyears3**: 2005–2007
- **nationalteam3**: China national football team, China
- **nationalcaps3**: 13
- **nationalgoals3**: 1
Gura Humorului

**Gura Humorului** is a town in northern Romania. It is in Suceava County in the southern part of Bukovina. The population of Gura Humorului was 15,728 as of 2006. The mayor is Marius Ioan Ursaciuc of the National Liberal Party. On 11 May 1899, there was a disastrous fire which destroyed most of the town, more than 400 houses and businesses were lost in the blaze. It was a World War I battlefield between Austrian and Imperial Russian troops until the Russians were driven out in 1917.

Between 1960 and 1963 the fossils of prehistoric fish, about 1.90 metres long were discovered in rocks near the town. The fish was an unknown Palaeorhynchus, a kind of mackerel, which lived about 30 million years ago. It was named Palegrhynchus humorensis, after the city. The area was made a special reserve in 1973.

On October 10, 1941, during World War II, 2945 Jewish men, women and children were sent from Gura Humorului to Transnistria. Most of these people died in the concentration camps. Only about 100 returned to the town after the war, and most of these people then moved to Israel. The former residents have sent money to repair the Jewish cemetery, and the one surviving synagogue.

## Other websites

- A list of the Jews removed from the city in WW2

## Infobox (settlement)

- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
- **map caption**: Location of Gura Humorului
- **official name**: Gura Humorului
- **image shield**: ROU SV Gura Humorului CoA.jpg
- **pushpin map**: Romania
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Gura Humorului
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Romania, County
- **subdivision name1**: Suceava County
- **subdivision type2**: Subdivisions of Romania, Status
- **settlement type**: Town
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Marius Ioan Ursaciuc
- **leader party**: National Liberal Party (Romania), National Liberal Party
- **population as of**: 2002
- **population total**: 15837
- **website**: http://www.gurahumorului.info
Sex chromosome

**Sex chromosomes** are chromosomes which determine the sex of individual organisms. In men, for example, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, and one of these pairs are sex chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes, males have one X and one Y. An egg always carries a single X, while sperms carry either an X or a Y. That is how sex is determined in humans.

Not all organisms have their sex determined by chromosomes. Those that do use the sex chromosome system have variations in how it happens. The account above is generally true for mammals.

## Related pages

- Sex determination
- Karyotype
- Chromosome
Cytogenetics

**Cytogenetics** is the branch of genetics which deals with cytology: cell structure and function. It includes the study of chromosomes, chromosome bands, karyotypes, and cell division, especially meiosis. Cytogenetic studies have also been used to study evolution in natural populations.
Somatic cell

All the cells in the body of an organism are **somatic cells**, except for the haploid gametes (sex cells like eggs and sperm) and other cells involved in reproduction.

Somatic cells are usually diploid, except where there is polyploidy. Either way, somatic cells have double the number of chromosomes that gametes in the same organism have. Somatic cells divide by mitosis and make identical copies of themselves, while gametes are made when germ cells divide by meiosis.

In humans, somatic cells have 46 chromosomes.
Genetic screening

**Genetic screening** finds out genetic susceptibility to a particular disease. Genetic testing identifies differences in chromosomes, genes, or proteins. It allows the genetic diagnosis of vulnerabilities to inherited diseases. It can also be used to find out a child's parentage (genetic mother and father).

Genetic screening in a broader sense includes biochemical tests for the possible presence of genetic diseases, or mutant forms of genes associated with increased risk of developing genetic disorders.
Most of the time, testing is used to find changes that are associated with inherited disorders. The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person's chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder. Several hundred genetic tests are currently in use, and more are being developed.

Since genetic testing may open up ethical or psychological problems, genetic testing is often accompanied by genetic counselling.

## Related pages

- Designer baby
Haploid

**Haploid** is the term used when a cell has half the usual number of chromosomes. A normal eukaryote organism is composed of diploid cells, one set of chromosomes from each parent. However, after meiosis, the number of chromosomes in gametes is halved. That is the haploid condition.

In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is 46 (2x23). The number in haploid cells (sperm and eggs) is 23. Some types of animals are haploid, such as male Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps). This is a special genetic system called haplodiploidy.

Some plants and animals are polyploid, with more than two sets of chromosomes. For example, one species of wheat is hexaploid, with six sets of chromosomes, although other species of wheat have only two sets. Because so many organisms are diploid, it can become confusing whether haploid refers to one set of chromosomes or more than one. The special term **monoploid** can be used; it means one set of chromosomes.

## Related pages

- Cell division
- Meiosis
- Karyotype
- Ploidy
Malt shop

A **malt shop** or **soda shop** was a older type of drink store in North America. It is where kids mostly went to buy sodas and candy (confectionery).

## Other websites

- Art of drink history
Atong language (Sino-Tibetan)

**A’tong** (also spelled _Attong_) is a language spoken in Bangladesh. It is spoken by about 5,400 people in the northern Netrokona District.

The language will possibly become more mixed with the Abeng dialect of Garo and Bengali. Many children can speak Abeng before starting school, but most speakers also have good proficiency in Bengali.

They are reckoned by themselves and other Garos to be Garos, but the languages are not mutually intelligible with Garo. The speakers of A’tong are mostly Christian peasants.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Atong
- **states**: India, Bangladesh
- **region**: India, State of Meghalaya and adjacent areas in Bangladesh
- **speakers**: 10,000, 4,600 in India
- **date**: no date
- **ref**: e16
- **familycolor**: Sino-Tibetan
- **fam2**: Sal languages, Brahmaputran
- **fam3**: Bodo–Garo languages, Bodo–Garo
- **fam4**: Koch languages, Koch
- **iso3**: aot
- **glotto**: aton1241
- **glottorefname**: A'tong
Jaywalking

**Jaywalking** is a form of crossing a street by not following the crosswalk. People crossing the street, known as pedestrians, can get a fine or time in prison for jaywalking in some states and cities.
Do Ab (Iran)

- _For the village Do Ab in Afghanistan see: Do Ab._

**Do Ab** is the name of a rural area in the center of Savadkuh County, Mazanderan province, Iran. It contains five villages. Sevatcow station on the Mazanderan branch of the trans-Iranian railway was built there during the rule of Reza Pahlavi. It is about 7 kilometers south of Pol Sefid (Capital of township) and about 14 kilometers from Veresk Bridge.
Euptoieta hegesia

The **Mexican Fritillary** (***Euptoieta hegesia***) is a North and South American butterfly.  It is in the family Nymphalidae.

## Description

The upper side of the wings is bright orange.  Most of the hind wing (the bottom wing) does not have black markings.  There is a row of submarginal (submarginal means just inward of the wing edge) black spots on both the fore wing (the top wing) and the hind wing.  The underside of the wings is yellow-orange.  There are no black submarginal spots.  It has a wingspan of 2.5 to 3 inches.

## Similar species

The only similar species in the Mexican Fritillary's range is the Variegated Fritillary (_Euptoieta claudia_).  The Variegated Fritillary has more black on the upper side of the hind wing.  The underside of the hind wing has a pale band in the center.

## Flight period

The Mexican Fritillary may be seen from mid-June to November in Arizona.  It is seen from July to December in Texas.  It is seen year-round in Mexico.

## Habitat

This species may be found in a variety of open habitats and gardens.

## Life cycle

The caterpillar is shiny red.  It has a silver stripe edged with black on each side of the body.  It has silver spots edged with black along the top of the body.  There are six rows of black spines.  The head has two long black spines with clubbed ends.  The chrysalis is dark brown or tan.  It has gold eyes and short gold spines.  On the wing cases, it has a black marking shaped like a "T".  It has 1-3 broods per year.

## Host plants

Here is a list of host plants that the Mexican Fritillary caterpillar feeds on:

- _Ipomoea maritima_ (used in Brazil)
- _Passiflora foetida_ - Foetid Passionflower
- _Turnera ulmifolia_ - Yellow Alder (used in Mexico and in the Antilles)
University of Bonn

The **University of Bonn** () is a public research university in Bonn, Germany. Started in 1818, the University of Bonn is today one of the leading universities in Germany. The University of Bonn offers many programs in different subjects. Its library has more than two million volumes. The University of Bonn has 525 professors and 27,800 students. Among its famous students and teachers are seven Nobel prize winners, two Fields Medalists, eleven Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners, Pope Benedict XVI, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Joseph Schumpeter and Joseph Goebbels.

## Other websites

- Official Website
- University Library
- Students' union executive committee (AStA)
- Student parliament

## Infobox (_university)

- **name**: University of Bonn
- **native name**: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- **image name**: University of Bonn seal.svg
- **image size**: 166px
- **established**: 1818
- **type**: Public university, Public
- **president**: Michael Hoch
- **students**: 27,800
- **staff**: 6,500
- **city**: Bonn
- **country**: Germany
- **campus**: Urban
- **affiliations**: Europaeum
- **website**: https://www.uni-bonn.de
- **footnotes**: Data
- **caption**: Official university seal
- **logo**: Universität Bonn.svg
University of Würzburg

The **University of Würzburg** is a university in Würzburg, Germany, which first started in 1402. The university is a member of the Coimbra Group.

## Name

The University’s official name is **Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg**  (_Julius Maximilian University Würzburg_) but it is commonly called the _University of Würzburg_. This name is taken from two people; Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, who restarted the University 426 years ago, and Prince Elector Maximilian Joseph, the prince under whom it became public, not religious, at the start of the 19th century. The University’s central administration, foreign student office, and several research institutes are located within the old town. The new liberal arts campus, with its modern library, overlooks the city from the east. The University today has about 21,000 students, of which more than 1,000 come from other countries. Among its students and teachers, the University includes 13 Nobel Prize winners.

## Other websites

- University of Würzburg

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- **image**: Siegel seal wuerzburg university germany.gif
- **established**: 1402 <small>(closed 1415—1582)</small>
- **type**: Public
- **president**: Alfred Forchel
- **city**: Würzburg
- **country**: Germany
- **undergrad**: 20.534 (term 2008/09)
- **postgrad**: 3,100
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban
- **mascot**: none
- **website**: [http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/en/home/]
Carles Rexach

**Carles Rexach** (born 13 January 1947) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1967/68||rowspan="14"|Barcelona||rowspan="14"|La Liga||22||6
|-
|1968/69||14||2
|-
|1969/70||26||7
|-
|1970/71||29||17
|-
|1971/72||26||5
|-
|1972/73||28||7
|-
|1973/74||28||9
|-
|1974/75||31||6
|-
|1975/76||32||6
|-
|1976/77||14||0
|-
|1977/78||22||9
|-
|1978/79||24||4
|-
|1979/80||24||3
|-
|1980/81||8||0
328||81
328||81
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|1969||2||0
|-
|1970||2||1
|-
|1971||3||1
|-
|1972||1||0
|-
|1973||0||0
|-
|1974||2||0
|-
|1975||3||0
|-
|1976||0||0
|-
|1977||0||0
|-
|1978||2||0
|-
!Total||15||2
|}
Frank Lobos

**Frank Lobos** (born 25 September 1976) is a former Chilean football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2003||Mito Hollyhock||J. League 2||16||1
16||1
16||1
|}

### Club

- Colo-Colo
- Chilean Primera División (3): 1996, 1997 Clausura, 1998
- Copa Chile (2): 1994, 1996

### International

- Chile U17
- FIFA U-17 World Cup Third place: 1993

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Frank Lobos
- **fullname**: Frank Ronald Lobos Acuña
- **birth place**: Santiago, Chile
- **height**: 1.61 m
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthclubs1**: Colo-Colo
- **years1**: 1992–1999
- **years2**: 1999
- **years3**: 2000
- **years4**: 2001
- **years5**: 2001–2002
- **years6**: 2003
- **years7**: 2005
- **years8**: 2006
- **clubs1**: Colo-Colo
- **caps1**: 40
- **goals1**: 1
- **clubs2**: Deportes La Serena
- **caps2**: 36
- **goals2**: 3
- **clubs3**: Everton de Viña del Mar, Everton
- **caps3**: 14
- **goals3**: 4
- **clubs4**: Deportes Concepción (Chile), Deportes Concepción
- **caps4**: 7
- **goals4**: 0
- **clubs5**: Racing Club de Ferrol, Racing de Ferrol
- **caps5**: 19
- **goals5**: 0
- **clubs6**: Mito HollyHock
- **caps6**: 16
- **goals6**: 1
- **clubs7**: Deportes Puerto Montt
- **caps7**: 28
- **goals7**: 5
- **clubs8**: CR Vasco da Gama, Vasco da Gama
- **caps8**: 0
- **goals8**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 144
- **totalgoals**: 13
- **nationalyears1**: 1993
- **nationalteam1**: Chile national under-17 football team, Chile U17
- **nationalyears2**: 1995
- **nationalteam2**: Chile national under-20 football team, Chile U20
Andriy Rusol

**Andriy Rusol** (born 16 January 1983) is a Ukrainian retired footballer who formerly played as a defender for Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and the Ukrainian national team.

### Club

|-
|1999–00||rowspan="4"|Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih||rowspan="4"|Premier League||3||0
|-
|2000–01||9||0
|-
|2001–02||19||0
|-
|2002–03||9||0
|-
|2002–03||rowspan="8"|Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk||rowspan="8"|Premier League||1||0
|-
|2003–04||24||1
|-
|2004–05||28||0
|-
|2005–06||30||3
|-
|2006–07||28||1
|-
|2007–08||28||0
|-
|2008–09||27||1
|-
|2009–10||||
206||6
206||6
|}

### International

|-
|2004||9||0
|-
|2005||9||1
|-
|2006||13||2
|-
|2007||8||0
|-
|2008||4||0
|-
|2009||4||0
|-
!Total||47||3
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Andriy Rusol
- **image**: Andriy Rusol3.jpg
- **fullname**: Andriy Anatoliyovych Rusol
- **birth place**: Kropyvnytskyi, Kirovohrad, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union, USSR
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **youthyears1**: 1997–1998
- **youthclubs1**: FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi, Zirka Kirovohrad
- **years1**: 1998–1999
- **years2**: 1999–2003
- **years3**: 2003–2011
- **clubs1**: FC Zirka Kropyvnytskyi, Zirka Kirovohrad
- **clubs2**: FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih, Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih
- **clubs3**: FC Dnipro, Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk
- **caps1**: 1
- **goals1**: 0
- **caps2**: 40
- **goals2**: 0
- **caps3**: 211
- **goals3**: 9
- **totalcaps**: 252
- **totalgoals**: 9
- **nationalyears1**: 2003
- **nationalteam1**: Ukraine national under-21 football team, Ukraine U21
- **nationalyears2**: 2004–2011
- **nationalteam2**: Ukraine national football team, Ukraine
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalcaps2**: 49
- **nationalgoals2**: 3
- **manageryears1**: 2011–2012
- **managerclubs1**: FC Dnipro, Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk (scout)
- **manageryears2**: 2012–2018
- **managerclubs2**: FC Dnipro, Dnipro (executive director)
Ari (footballer, born 1980)

**Arivaldo Alves dos Santos** (born 19 November 1980) is a Brazilian football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2005||Kashima Antlers||J. League 1||14||0||0||0||3||0||17||0
14||0||0||0||3||0||17||0
14||0||0||0||3||0||17||0
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Ari
- **fullname**: Arivaldo Alves dos Santos
- **birth place**: Bahia, Brazil
- **position**: Midfielder
- **years1**: 2000
- **years2**: 2001
- **years3**: 2002
- **years4**: 2003
- **years5**: 2003–2005
- **years6**: 2005
- **years7**: 2006
- **years8**: 2006
- **years9**: 2007
- **years10**: 2008
- **years11**: 2008
- **clubs1**: A.O. Itabaiana, Itabaiana
- **clubs2**: C.S. Sergipe, Sergipe
- **clubs3**: Guaratinguetá Futebol, Guaratinguetá
- **clubs4**: River A.C., River
- **clubs5**: E.C. Bahia, Bahia
- **clubs6**: Kashima Antlers
- **clubs7**: S.C. Internacional, Internacional
- **clubs8**: Clube Atlético Mineiro, Atlético Mineiro
- **clubs9**: Fortaleza E.C., Fortaleza
- **clubs10**: Atlético Clube Goianiense, Atlético Goianiense
- **clubs11**: Criciúma E.C., Criciúma
Darijo Srna

**Darijo Srna** (born 1 May 1982) is a Croatian former football player. He last played for Shakhtar Donetsk and Croatia national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|Hajduk Split||rowspan="4"|Prva HNL||2||0||||||||||2||0
|-
|2000/01||10||0||||||||||10||1
|-
|2001/02||24||1||||||||||24||1
|-
|2002/03||27||3||||||||||27||3

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="7"|Shakhtar Donetsk||rowspan="7"|Premier League||19||0||5||3||5||0||29||3
|-
|2004/05||21||1||7||1||11||0||39||2
|-
|2005/06||20||2||1||0||10||0||31||2
|-
|2006/07||20||3||5||0||9||1||34||4
|-
|2007/08||28||0||3||0||10||0||41||0
|-
|2008/09||25||4||3||0||18||1||46||5
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
63||4||||||||||63||4
133||10||24||4||63||2||220||16
196||14||24||4||63||2||283||20
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||11||1
|-
|2004||11||4
|-
|2005||9||3
|-
|2006||9||3
|-
|2007||11||4
|-
|2008||10||2
|-
|2009||9||1
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||71||18
|}
Mara Manzan

**Mara Virgínia Manzan** (28 May 1952 – 13 November 2009) was a Brazilian actress. At the age of 17, Mara, at the time living and studying in São Paulo, visited the Teatro Oficina, and, as she often jokingly said, never left it. There she made all kinds of backstage activities, until one day she had the chance to replace a sick actress in a play. In March 2008, acting as "Amara" in _Duas Caras_, she discovered she was suffering from lung cancer, and was operated by surgeon Drauzio Varella on 16 April that year. The actress had already faced a cancer of the uterus and ovaries and had to undergo a radical hysterectomy. Her condition worsened and she died at the age 57. Mara Manzan died of pulmonary failure.

## Career in television

- 1994 - _A Viagem_ .... Edméia
- 1996 - _Salsa e Merengue_ .... Sexta-feira
- 1997 - _Mundo VIP_ .... herself
- 1998 - _Hilda Furacão_ .... Nevita
- 1998 - _Pecado Capital_ .... Alzira
- 1998 - _Você Decide_ .... Marly
- 1999 - _Ô Coitado_ .... Cráudia
- 1999 - _Terra Nostra_ .... seamstress dress Giuliana
- 2001 - _O Clone_ .... Odete
- 2003 - _Kubanacan_ .... Agatha
- 2004 - _Da Cor do Pecado_ .... client of Father Helinho
- 2004 - _Senhora do Destino_ .... Janice
- 2005 - _América_ .... mother of Creuza
- 2006 - _Cobras & Lagartos_ .... Marilene
- 2007 - _Duas Caras_ .... Amara
- 2009 - _Caminho das Índias_ .... Dona Ashima

## Film career

- 1982 - _Bonecas da Noite_
- 2000 - _De Cara Limpa_ .... Suzy
- 2003 - _Herman_ .... herself
- 2008 - _Sexo com Amor?_ .... Dirce

## Other websites

- Personal Blog
- Istoé Gente
Madeline Kahn

**Madeline Kahn** (September 29, 1942 – December 3, 1999) was an American actress. She was known mainly for her comic roles in movies such as _Paper Moon_, _Young Frankenstein_, _Blazing Saddles_, _What's Up, Doc?,_ and _Clue_. She made a guest appearance on _The Carol Burnett Show_ and the _Cosby Show_.

She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She moved to New York City during her early childhood and died of ovarian cancer there.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Madeline Kahn
- **image**: Carol Burnett Madeline Kahn Eunice Carol Burnett Show.JPG
- **caption**: Carol Burnett and Madeline Kahn in 1976
- **image size**: 225px
- **birth name**: Madeline Gail Wolfson
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States
- **death cause**: Ovarian cancer
- **spouse**: John Hansbury
<small>(October–December 1999; her death)</small>
- **years active**: 1968–1999
Shin-Yokohama Station

**Shin-Yokohama Station** (新横浜駅,しんよこはまえき) is a railway station of JR Central, JR East, and Yokohama Municipal Subway in Yokohama, Japan.

## Adjacent stations

- JR Central
- Tōkaidō Shinkansen
    - Shinagawa - **Shin-Yokohama** - Odawara
- JR East
- Yokohama Line
- Rapid
    - Kikuna - **Shin-Yokohama** - Kozukue
- Local
    - Kikuna - **Shin-Yokohama** - Kamoi
- Yokohama Municipal Subway
- Blue Line
    - Kishine-koen(B25) - **Shin-Yokohama**(B26) - Kita-Shin-Yokohama(B27)
Hachiōji Station

**Hachiōji Station**(八王子駅,はちおうじえき) is a Railway station of East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in the city of Hachiōji, Tokyo, Japan.

## Neighbor

- JR East
- Chūō Line
- Commuter Ltd. Rapid
    - Tachikawa - **Hachiōji** - Takao
- Chūō Ltd. Rapid, Commuter Rapid, Rapid, Local
    - Toyoda - **Hachiōji** - Nishi-Hachiōji
- Yokohama Line
- Rapid,local
    - Katakura - **Hachiōji**
- Hachikō Line
    - **Hachiōji** - Kita-Hachiōji
Nuclear football

The **nuclear football** is the name given to a black briefcase which is carried along with the President of the United States at all times. Inside the briefcase are instruction manuals, a radio transmitter and authentication codes for the Emergency Broadcast System. The President can use the briefcase in case of emergency, to order the use of nuclear weapons. The briefcase is carried by a military aide for the President.

## References

- https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-05-05-nuclear-football_x.htm
- http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/nuclear-football.htm
Hizbul Mujahideen

**Hizbul Mujahideen** (HM) is one of the largest militant groups operating in Jammu and Kashmir from Azad Jammu and Kashmir and stands for the integration of the Disputed Territory and supports the unification of all the Kashmir region with Pakistan. Since its formation the Hizbul Mujahideen organization has also wanted the complete Islamization of Kashmir.

The Hizbul Mujahideen was formed in 1989 in the Kashmir Valley with Master Ahsan Dar as its chief. Dar was later arrested by the Indian Army by mid-December 1993. It was reportedly formed as the militant wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami (JeI) at the behest of the Inter Services Intelligence (ISI), Pakistan’s external intelligence agency, to counter the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), which had advocated complete independence of the State from the nations. Many of the early Hizbul Mujahideen cadres were former JKLF members.
Kalat, Pakistan

**Qalat** or **Kalat** () is a historical town in Kalat District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Qalat is the capital of _Qalat District_ and is known locally as **Qalat-e Baluch**.

Qalat, formerly Qilat, is roughly in the center of Pakistani Balochistan, south and slightly west of the provincial capital Quetta. It was the capital of the **Qalat Khanate**. The Brahui population is almost completely Muslim.
Makran (princely state)

**Makran** was an autonomous princely state of both British India and Pakistan, which ceased to exist in 1955. It was located in the extreme southwest of Pakistan, an area occupied by the districts of Gwadar, Kech and Panjgur. The state did not include the enclave of Gwadar which was under Omani rule until 1958.
Kharan (princely state)

The **State of Kharan** was an autonomous princely state in British India (later Pakistan), in the southwest of modern Pakistan. It was established about the year 1697 CE. In 1948, the state was integrated into Pakistan's _West Pakistan_. In 1971, East Pakistan became Bangladesh, and West Pakistan was renamed to _Pakistan_. Since then, the state is organised as the Kharan District of Balochistan.
Phulra

**Phulra** was a minor princely state of both Pakistan and British India, in the modern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It was east of the nearby princely Amb. Both states ended in 1950 when they were merged into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. There is some dispute as to whether Phulra ranked as a full princely state or as a minor noble estate (_jagir_) of the Indian Empire.

At present, Phulra is a small town and union council in Mansehra District, Hazara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.
Chitral (princely state)

**Chitral** (or Chitrāl); was a former princely state of Pakistan and British India which ceased to exist in 1969. The area of the state now forms the Chitral District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Shahzada Ghaziuddin (Prince of Nagar) was a graduate from Aligarh university India. he was the son of Shuja ul mulk (Mehtar of Chitral) He was highly intelligent man and due to his intelligence, bravery, kind, loving nature was highly recognised. He was given the jagir of Nagar, Ursoon, patai, sweer, arandu, ziarat etc. Nagar fort was the winter resort of H.H Sir Shuja Ul Mulk.
Dir (princely state)

**Dir** was a small former princely state in the modern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. The state ceased to exist in 1969 when it was incorporated into Pakistan. The area once occupied by the state (5,282 km²) now forms two districts of Pakistan - Upper Dir and Lower Dir. The two districts were part of Malakand Division until divisions were abolished as an administrative tier.
Hunza (princely state)

**Hunza** () was a former princely state in the northernmost part of the Northern Areas, of Pakistan, which existed until 1974. The state bordered the Gilgit Agency to the south, the former princely state of Nagar to the east, Chinese Turkistan to the north and Afghanistan to the northwest. The state capital was the town of Baltit (also known as Karimabad). The area of Hunza now forms the Aliabad Tehsil of Hunza-Nagar District.
Nagar (princely state)

**Nagar** () was a princely state in the northernmost part of the Northern Areas of Pakistan, which existed until 1974. The state bordered the Gilgit Agency to the south and west, and the former princely state of Hunza to the north and east. The state capital was the town of Nagar. The area of Nagar now forms three tehsils of Nagar District. Nagar along with Gilgit and Baltistan are claimed by the Republic of India as so-called part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
Polyurethane

**Polyurethane** is a polymer. Its name is often shortened to _PU_ or _PUR_. Polyurethane is made of organic units, which are joined by urethane. Polyurethane polymers are formed through step-growth polymerization. In this process, a monomer containing at least two isocyanate functional groups reacts with another monomer containing at least two hydroxyl (alcohol) groups in the presence of a catalyst.

Polyurethane is available with different levels of stiffness, hardness or densities. Examples for such materials are:
- Low-density flexible foam used in upholstery
- Low-density rigid foam used for thermal insulation and RTM cores
- Soft solid elastomers used for gel pads and print rollers
- Low density elastomers used in footwear
- Hard solid plastics used as electronic instrument bezels and structural parts

Polyurethanes are widely used in high resiliency flexible foam seating, rigid foam insulation panels, microcellular foam seals and gaskets, durable elastomeric wheels and tires, automotive suspension bushings, electrical potting compounds, high performance adhesives and sealants, Spandex fibers, seals, gaskets, carpet underlay, and hard plastic parts.

Polyurethane products are often called "urethanes". They should not be confused with the specific substance urethane, also known as ethyl carbamate. Polyurethanes are not produced from ethyl carbamate, nor do they contain it.
Violetta Villas

**Violetta Villas** (born 10 June 1938  - 5 December 2011) was a Polish singer, actress, composer and songwriter. She was born in Verviers, Belgium. Her voice was a coloratura soprano which spans 4.7 octaves. In 1960s she was the star of revues in Paris, New York and Las Vegas. She died in Lewin Klodzki, Poland.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Violetta Villas
- **image**: Villas-Kołobrzeg-2006.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **birth name**: Czesława Cieślak
- **birth date**: 10 June 1938
- **birth place**: Verviers, Belgium
- **death date**: 5 December 2011 (aged 73)
- **death place**: Lewin Klodzki, Poland
- **nationality**: Polish
- **occupation**: Singer, actress
- **spouse**: Gospodarek
(m. 1954-1956, divorced)
Ted Kowalczyk
(m. 1988-1988, divorced)
- **parents**: Bolesław Cieślak
Janina Cieślak
- **children**: Krzysztof Gospodarek
Yutaka Fukufuji

**Yutaka Fukufuji** (born September 17, 1982) is a Japanese professional ice hockey goaltender. He currently plays for the Nikkō Ice Bucks of the Asia League. He was drafted by the Los Angeles Kings with the 238th overall pick in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut with the Kings on January 13, 2007 and became the first Japanese player to start in a NHL game on January 16, 2007. He returned to the Bakersfield Condors on September 10, 2007. He signed a contract with the Destil Trappers of the Eredivisie and played a full season with them before returning to Japan in 2010 to play with the Nikkō Ice Bucks.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: 福藤豊 コンパクト版 cropped from 202310221356 DSCN6152.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Fukufuji playing for the H.C. Tochigi Nikkō Ice Bucks in 2023
- **position**: Goaltender
- **catches**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 198
- **team**: Nikkō Ice Bucks
- **league**: Asia League Ice Hockey, ALIH
- **former teams**: Bakersfield Condors (1998–2015), Bakersfield Condors (ECHL)
Manchester Monarchs (AHL), Manchester Monarchs (American Hockey League, AHL)
Los Angeles Kings (National Hockey League, NHL)
Reading Royals (ECHL)
Cincinnati Cyclones (ECHL)
Seibu Prince Rabbits, Kokudo Tokyo (Asia League Ice Hockey, Asia League)
Nikkō Ice Bucks(Asia League Ice Hockey, Asia League)
- **birth place**: Kushiro, Hokkaidō, Japan
- **career start**: 2002
- **draft**: 238th overall
- **draft year**: 2004
- **draft team**: Los Angeles Kings
- **ntl team**: Japan
XFL

**XFL, LLC**, operated as **XFL**, was a professional American football. The league was founded by Vince McMahon, owner of the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The league was founded in 2000. The XFL was supposed to be a major professional sports league complement to the off-season of the NFL, but could not find an audience and folded after its first season. The first and only champions were the Los Angeles Xtreme. Both the WWF and NBC each lost a reported $35 million.

## Teams

|style="background:white; width:14%"|Division|style="background:white; width:14%"|Team|style="background:white; width:12%"|City/Area|style="background:white; width:19%"|Arena|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Orlando Rage**|Orlando, FL|Citrus Bowl||||||
|**Chicago Enforcers**|Chicago, IL|Soldier Field||||||
|**New York/New Jersey Hitmen**|East Rutherford, NJ|Giants Stadium||||||
|**Birmingham Thunderbolts**|Birmingham, AL|Legion Field||||||
|**Los Angeles Xtreme**|Los Angeles, CA|Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum||||||
|**San Francisco Demons**|San Francisco, CA|Pacific Bell Park||||||
|**Memphis Maniax**|Memphis, TN|Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium||||||
|**Las Vegas Outlaws**|Las Vegas, NV|Sam Boyd Stadium||||||

## Other websites

- Official website
- a XFL website

## Infobox (sports league)

- **title**: XFL, LLC
- **logo**: Logo of the XFL (2000-2001).svg
- **pixels**: 200px
- **sport**: American football
- **founded**: 2000
- **inaugural**: 2001
- **folded**: 2001
- **teams**: 8
- **owner**: WWE, World Wrestling Federation (50%)

NBCUniversal (50%)
- **champion**: Los Angeles Xtreme
- **website**: [http://www.all-xfl.com/xfl/ Official website]