juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Pukhrayan train derailment

The **Pukhrayan train derailment** was an accident that happened on 20 November 2016 in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The Indore-Rajendra Nagar express derailed in the place of Pukhrayan, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.It has resulted in 140 deaths and 200+ injuries.

## Accident

The Indore-Rajendra Nagar Express is a passenger train between the Indore Junction and Rajendra Nagar Terminal. On 20 November 2016 at the time 3:00 the train derailed in the place of Pukhrayan, a town in Uttar Pradesh.

## Death

After the derailment about 142 passengers travelled in the train were reported dead and 200+ passengers were injured. It has been reported as one of the deadliest derailments after the 2010 Jnaneshwari Express derailment.

## Compensation

- PM Narendra Modi declared ₹200,000 compensation for each death in the accident and ₹50,000 for each seriously injured person.
- Indian Railways declared compensation of ₹3.5lakhs to the family of each dead people and ₹50,000 for each seriously injured.
- Uttar Pradesh CM Akhilesh Yadav announced ₹5 lakh compensation for dead people's family, ₹50,000 for seriously injured and promised ₹25,000 for minorly injured.
- Madhya Pradesh CM Shivraj Singh Chohan announced ₹2lakh to the family of each dead people and ₹50,000 for each seriously injured.
Mount Selinda

**Mount Selinda** is a village and mission station in the province of Manicaland in the eastern mountains of Zimbabwe. Its altitude is 1,100 meters.

Mount Selinda is on the very edge of the Chirinda Forest Botanical Reserve – the southernmost tropical rainforest in Africa. It is at the southern end of the Eastern Highlands mountain range which separates Zimbabwe from neighboring Mozambique. The Indian Ocean is about 400 kilometers away.

## Flora and fauna

The Mount Selinda area is home to a variety of indigenous African flora, fungi, birds, butterflies, insects and reptiles. This is mainly due to being near the Chirinda Forest Botanical Reserve, which is protected by law.

Among the hundreds of indigenous trees found in Mount Selinda are: Red mahogany, Brown mahogany, Natal mahogany, Albizia, White stinkwood, Chirinda stinkwood, Ironwood and colossal specimens of strangling figs. The largest Red Mahogany tree in southern Africa stands at Mount Selinda.

Other smaller flora include thousands of specimens of the yucca-like _Dracaena fragrans_, numerous ferns, creepers, vines, epiphytes, montbretia, orchids and flame lilies.

Mount Selinda boasts a dazzling array of bird life, with Trumpeter hornbills, Livingstone's turaco, African pygmy kingfishers, Firefinches, Sunbirds, African green pigeons, Owls, Nightjars, Eagles and Bee-eaters.

The reptile population includes pythons, cobras, vipers, mambas, adders, chameleons, geckos, skinks and lizards. The endemic Marshall's pygmy chameleon, _Rhampholeon marshalli_, is found within the forest and at the forest margin.

The variety and brilliant colors of butterflies in the area is also noteworthy.

## Agriculture

Avocadoes, tea, bananas, sweet potatoes, taro, citrus, pineapples, sugarcane, coffee, macadamia nuts are grown in the area. There are also commercial timbers such as eucalyptus, wattle and pine. Dairy farming is also a part of the agriculture.
Afrocarpus falcatus

***Afrocarpus falcatus*** is a tree in the family Podocarpaceae. Common terms include common yellowwood, bastard yellowwood, outeniqua yellowwood, African fern pine, and weeping yew.

The tree is native to the montane forests of southern Africa. It can be found in Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, and Swaziland.  The tree is widespread in some areas and not considered threatened. In South Africa it is a protected tree in South Africa.

## Description

This is an evergreen conifer. It often grows up to about 45 meters tall, but is known to reach 60 m. The trunk can be 2 to 3 m wide, and is gray-brown to reddish. The leaves are arranged in spirals on the branches. They are small and narrow, up to 4.5 cm long by about 6 mm wide.

## Biology

Female trees bear their fruit only every few years. The main agents of seed dispersal are fruit bats. They eat the fleshy covering but discard the hard, woody seed.

Many birds feed on the fruits, such as hornbills, Cape parrot, purple-crested turaco, Knysna turaco, Ross's turaco, African olive pigeon, African green pigeon, and eastern bronze-naped pigeon. Colobus monkeys, bushpigs and rodents also feed on the fruits.
Latin rock

**Latin rock** is a term to describe a music subgenre. It has traditional sounds and elements of Latin American and Caribbean folk music merged with rock music. However, it is widely used in the English-language media to refer any kind of rock music featuring Spanish or Portuguese vocals.

The archaetypal latin rock band was led by Carlos Santana. His band _Santana_ was far and away the most popular latin rock fusion  of the late 1960s to the early 2000s. _Santana_ has sold more than 90 million records worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling groups of all time.

In 1969, after the release of the debut album by _Santana_, Latin rock appeared in the US and other parts of the world. The band's musical style is a fusion of Latin American and Caribbean rhythms, soul, jazz, funk, blues, psychedelia and rhythm and blues based on rock music.

Equally important to their success was the use of English lyrics. In the United States of fifty years ago, to sing in Spanish was to limit the audience to Puerto Rican, Mexican and Cuban immigrants. To sing in English was to open up the chance of really wide popularity.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Latin rock
- **color**: white
- **bgcolor**: crimson
- **cultural origins**: Late 1950s, United States
New York City Hall

**New York City Hall** is located at the center of City Hall Park in the Civic Center area of Lower Manhattan.  The building is the oldest city hall in the United States that still houses its original governmental functions. It has the office of the Mayor of New York City and the chambers of the New York City Council.  While the Mayor's Office is in the building, the staff of thirteen municipal agencies under mayoral control are located in the nearby Manhattan Municipal Building.

It was built from 1810 to 1812. The New York City Hall is a National Historic Landmark. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Both the outside (1966) and the inside of the building (1976) are designated New York City landmarks.
Gateway drug theory

**Gateway drug theory** is the idea that once a person uses one illegal drug, they are more likely to use other drugs.  It is also called **stepping-stone theory**, **escalation hypothesis**, or **progression hypothesis.**

If the gateway theory is true, people who use one drug may be more likely to use other drugs because:
- Using the first drug changed their brain
- They have similar attitudes about using different drugs

The gateway theory helps shape education and lawmaking about drugs. Scientific study of the possible causes of the gateway theory is important for health policy.
Kavaratti

**Kavaratti** is a town and is the capital of Lakshadweep in India. It is also the name for the atoll on which the town stands. It is well known for its sandy beaches and calm lagoons. This makes it a popular tourist destination.
Jnaneswari Express train derailment

The Jnaneshwari Express derailed on 28 May 2010 in West Midnapore district, West Bengal. It is believed that the track was bombed or sabotaged, damaging it.

## Derailment

At that time The Communist Party of India (Maoist) arranged a four-day bandh in that area. State police said that the track of length about 46 cm was removed by the Maoist-Naxalites. At 1:30pm Jnaneshwari Super Deluxe Express train with 13 carriages which was travelling from Howrah to Mumbai derailed.

## Casualties

At least 148 people were killed and over 200 others were injured. Compensation was announced Rs.5Lakhs for the family of the people who were killed.
2004 Sri Lanka tsunami train wreck

The **2004 Sri Lanka tsunami train wreck** was the largest single rail disaster in history (by death toll). It was caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.

## Train

Train #50, the _Matara Express,_ also known as the "Queen of the Sea" line, was a regular train between the Sri Lankan capital Colombo and Matara. The train, overcrowded with 1800+ passengers, left Colombo on 26 December 2004.

## Tsunami strikes the train

At 9:30 am in the village of Peraliya  gigantic waves arrived at the beach. The first wave flooded the carriages and caused panic among the passengers. The next wave arrived after 10 minutes. It was huge and washed away the train and smashed it against trees and houses which were nearby.

## Casualties

The huge waves of tsunami  destroyed the train and only 150 passengers out of more than 1800 survived. About 1700 were reported dead, even though only 900 bodies were recovered. The  Sri Lankan authorities did not know where the train was washed to. After 4 pm, Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa's helicopter identified it. Even though there were  rescue operations not more than 150 people survived and the village was also washed away by the waves.
Charlottetown Conference

The **Charlottetown Conference** was a conference about the Canadian Confederation. The representatives of the unions in British North America were present at the conference. The meeting took place in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island from September 1st to September 9th 1864.

The purpose of the conference was to discuss the future of the maritime provinces in what later became Canada. The maritime provinces were Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.
National Anthem of Saudi Arabia

The **national anthem of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia** (), which can be known by its incipit "**Hasten!**" (), was first adopted in 1950. A few years before, this song was a present given by the Fâruq of Egypt to King Abdulaziz when he visited Egypt. It was composed by Tarik Abdul Hakim, which was then rearranged by Serâġ Omar. Later in 1984, ‘Ebrâhim Xafâġi wrote the lyrics to the song; in the same year, the anthem was officially readopted with the lyrics.

### Official Arabic lyrics since 1984

|Arabic script|Roman Arabic|IPA transcription|
| --- | --- | --- |
|<poem>سَارْعِي ،لِلْمَجْدِ وَالْعَلْيَاء|||
|<poem>Sār'iy Lilmajde wāl'alyā*, Majjidiy lixāliqe elsamā*! Wārfa'iy elxaffāqa elaxḑar Yaħmilo elnuwra elmosaţţar, Raddidiy: Allāho akbar! Yā mawţeniy! Mawţeniy, Qad 'ešta faxra elMuslimiyn! 'Āša elmalek Lil'alam Wālwaţan!</poem>|<poem>/saːriʕij/ /lilmadʒdi walʕaljaːʔ/ /madʒdʒidij lixaːliqis samaːʔ/ /warfaʕil xaffaːqa ʔaxdˤar/ /jaħmilun nuwral musatˤtˤar/ /raddidij ʔallaːhu ʔakbar/ /jaː mawtˤinij/ /mawtˤinij/ /ʕiʃta faxral muslimijn/ /ʕaːʃal malik/ /lilʕalam/ /walwatˤan/</poem>||

### English translation

- Hurry and Rise
- To the highest glory
- Glorify the Creator of the Sky
- And raise the green flag
- Which carry the guidance light
- Repeat: Allahu Akbar
- My country,
- Live as the pride of all Muslims!
- Long live the king
- For the flag
- And homeland

## References

5:https://ithraeyat.ithra.com/editions/nation/the-saudi-national-anthem

## Infobox (anthem)

- **title**: National Anthem of Saudi Arabia
النشيد الوطني
- **transcription**: an-Našīd al-Waṭaniyy
- **english title**: The National Anthem
- **image**: Emblem of Saudi Arabia.svg
- **prefix**: National
- **author**: ‘Ebrâhim Xafâġi
- **lyrics date**: 1984
- **composer**: Tariq Abdul Hakim
- **music date**: 1947
- **adopted**: 1950, 1984
- **sound**: Saudi Arabian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga
- **sound title**: as-Salâm al-Malaki (instrumental)
Agave nectar

**Agave nectar** (also called **agave syrup**) is a sweetener produced from several species of agave, including blue agave (_Agave tequilana)_. Agave syrup is sweeter than honey and tends to be less viscous. Most agave syrup comes from Mexico and South Africa.
Chuvash language

**Chuvash** (, _Čăvašla_; ) is a Turkic language. It is spoken in Chuvashia, a part of central Russia. It is the only language from the Oghur branch of the Turkic languages that is still spoken today. Though many Turkic languages can be understood by different speakers, Chuvash is quite different.

Chuvash is written using the Cyrillic script. Its alphabet has all of the letters of the Russian alphabet and adds four letters of its own: Ӑ, Ӗ, Ҫ and Ӳ.

## Other websites

- Виталий Станьял: На чувашском конь еще не валялся...
- Виталий Станьял: Решение Совета Аксакалов ЧНК

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Chuvash
- **nativename**: Чӑвашла, _Čăvašla_
- **states**: Russia
- **region**: Chuvash Republic, Chuvashia and adjacent areas
- **nation**: *
- **ethnicity**: Chuvash people, Chuvash
- **speakers**: million
- **date**: 2010 Russian Census (2010), census
- **ref**: e18
- **familycolor**: Altaic
- **fam1**: Turkic languages, Turkic
- **fam2**: Oghur languages, Oghur (Lir)
- **ancestor**: Bulgar language, Bulgar
- **script**: Cyrillic script, Cyrillic
- **iso1**: cv
- **iso2**: chv
- **iso3**: chv
- **glotto**: chuv1255
- **glottorefname**: Chuvash
- **notice**: IPA
Playback singer

A **playback singer** is a singer whose singing is pre-recorded for use in movies. Playback singers record songs for soundtracks. The actors or actresses lip-sync the songs for cameras. The actual singer does not appear on screen.

South Asian movies produced in the Indian subcontinent are particularly known for using this technique. A majority of Indian movies as well as Pakistani movies typically include six or seven songs. Popular playback singers in India enjoy the same status as popular actors. Most of the playback singers are initially trained in classical music. Mohammed Rafi and Ahmed Rushdi are regarded as two of the most influential playback singers in South Asia.
AQ

**AQ**, **Aq**, **aQ**, or **aq** may refer to:

- **AQ** is ISO 3166 code for Antarctica
- **.aq** is top-level domain for Antarctica
- **AQ** is code for Province of L'Aquila in Italy
- **AQ** is IATA code for airline company 9 Air
Tuvalu mo te Atua

"**Tuvalu mo te Atua**" (; "Tuvalu for the Almighty") is the national anthem of Tuvalu. The words and music are by Afaese Manoa.

## Lyrics

|Tuvaluan original|IPA transcription|English translation|
| --- | --- | --- |
|<poem>**I** Tuvalu mo te Atua, Ko te Fakavae sili, Ko te ala foki tena, O te manuia katoa. Loto lasi o fai, Tou malo saoloto Fusi ake katoa Ki te loto alofa. Kae amo fakatasi Ate atu fenua. "Tuvalu mo te Atua" Ki te se gata mai! **II** Tuku atu tau pulega Ki te pule mai luga, Kilo tonu ki ou mua Me ko ia e tautai. "Pule tasi mo ia" Ki te se gata mai, Ko tena mana Ko tou malosi tena. Pati lima kae kalaga Ulufonu ki te tupu. "Tuvalu ko tu saoloto" Ki te se gata mai!</poem>|<poem>**1** [tu.va.lu mo te a.tu.a] [ko te fa.ka.vae̯ si.li] [ko te a.la fo.ki te.na] [o te ma.nu.i.a ka.to(a̯)] [lo.to la.si o fai̯] [tou̯ ma.lo sao̯.lo.to] [fu.si a.ke ka.to(a̯)] [ki te lo.to a.lo.fa] [kae̯ a.mo fa.ka.ta.si] [a.te a.tu fe.nu.a] [tu.va.lu mo te a.tu.a] [ki te se ŋa.ta ma(.)i] **2** [tu.ku a.tu tau̯ pu.le.ŋa] [ki te pu.le mai̯ lu.ŋa] [ki.lo to.nu ki ou̯ mu.a] [me ko i.a e tau̯.tai̯] [pu.le ta.si mo i(.a)] [ki te se ŋa.ta ma(.)i] [ko te.na ma.na] [ko tou̯ ma.lo.si te.na] [pa.ti li.ma kae̯ ka.la.ŋa] [u.lu.fo.nu ki te tu.pu] [tu.va.lu ko tu sao̯.lo.to] [ki te se ŋa.ta ma(.)i]</poem>|<poem>I Tuvalu for the Almighty Are the words we hold most dear For as people or as leaders Of Tuvalu we all share. In the knowledge that God Ever rules in heav'n above, And that we in this land Are united in His love. We build on a sure foundation When we trust in God's great law "Tuvalu for the Almighty" Be our song for evermore! **II** Let us trust our lives henceforward To the King to whom we pray, With our eyes fixed firmly on Him He is showing us the way. "May we reign with Him in glory" Be our song for evermore, for His almighty power Is our strength from shore to shore. Shout aloud in jubilation To the King whom we adore. "Tuvalu free and united" Be our song for evermore!</poem>|
Bihar train derailment

On June 6, 1981, a train crashed in Bihar, India. It was carrying more than 800 passengers, traveling between Mansi railway station and Saharsa railway station. It derailed and fell into the River Bagmati while it was crossing the bridge over the river.

## Casualties

Five days after the accident only 200 out of 800 passengers had been recovered as dead bodies with hundreds more people missing. The missing passengers were thought to have been washed away by the River Bagmati. Total deaths were listed as 500-800. This derailment stands in 4th place in the worst railway accidents by death toll in the world.

## Reasons

Many reasons were given for this railway derailment accident. They were:
- Brake failure while trying to avoid hitting a water buffalo
- Cyclone
- Flash floods
Snitch

**Snitch** may refer to:
- Informant

## Movies and television

- _Snitch_ (1998 movie) or _Monument Ave._, an American crime drama directed by Ted Demme
- _Snitch_ (2011 movie) or _Witness Insecurity_, an American thriller starring Edward Furlong
- _Snitch_ (movie), a 2013 American crime drama starring Dwayne Johnson
- "Snitch" (_Law & Order: Special Victims Unit_), a 2007 episode
- "Snitch" (_The Shield_), a 2008 episode
- "Snitch" (_Tower Prep_), a 2010 episode

## Music

- "Snitch" (song), by Obie Trice, 2006
- "Snitch", a song by Netsky with Aloe Blacc, 2019

## Other uses

- Golden Snitch or Snitch, a ball in Quidditch in the _Harry Potter_ series
- _Snitch Newsweekly_, a 2000–2005 American newspaper covering crime and police news
- Steve Snitch (born 1983), English rugby league footballer
Firozabad rail disaster

The **Firozabad rail disaster** is the second most worst rail accident in India after the Bihar train derailment. It occurred on 20 August 1995 near Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

## Accident

The crash happened at 02:55 when a passenger train named Kalindi Express from Kanpur Railway station collided with Purushottam Express from Puri. At first the Kalindi Express from Kanpur Railway station struck a cow but was unable to proceed further as its brakes were damaged. Next the Purushottam Express from Puri struck the Kalindi Express behind with a speed of 70 km/h.

The last three carriages of the Kalindi Express and two carriages along with the engine of Purushottam Express were destroyed. About 358 passengers were killed.
Accession

**Accession** is the attainment or acquisition of a position of rank or power, typically that of monarch or president. Eg."the queen's accession to the throne".

**Accession day** is a celebration. It is usually the anniversary of when a monarch takes office. The earliest record of accession celebrations are from the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England.

Accession is not the same as coronation or inauguration. Coronation and inauguration are both ceremonies which take place after the accession.
Church of the Company Fire

**Church of the Company Fire** is the largest fire accident ever by death toll in the world. It occurred on 1863 December 8 in Santiago, Chile. About 2000 to 3000 people are said to have been killed in the fire accident.

Church of the Company of Jesus was a Jesuit church in Santiago, Chile.The day of the fire was the celebration of the Feast of the Immaculate Conception. The fire started at 7 P.M. when an oil lamp had ignited the place and it caught fire.

The cleanup of the bodies took about ten days, and since most of the bodies were burned beyond recognition, they were placed in a mass grave at the Cementerio General de Santiago. A Santiago newspaper printed the names of over 2,000 known victims, and the same paper also printed a list of the objects saved by the priests and their value, which led to public outcry against the priests who had saved valuable objects but not people.

The tragedy, and the fact that one of the contributing factors was the lack of an organized fire-brigade, motivated José Luis Claro y Cruz to organize the first Volunteer Firemen's Corps in Santiago, on December 20 of the same year. Fire brigades in Chile, even today, are still made up only of unpaid volunteers.  New fire regulations also resulted, and the tragedy contributed to the partial secularization of Chilean government over the next two decades.
1931 China floods

The **1931 China floods** or the 1931 Yellow River Floods were a series of floods that occurred in China in the year 1931. It is the most deadly natural disaster by death toll. About 1,000,000-3.7 million people were said to be dead in this series of floods.

## Cause

In the period of 1928-30 China faced a severe drought. Due to some abnormal weather conditions heavy snowstorms and heavy rainfall occurred in parts of central China. The water levels increased in the rivers. The rain grew heavier in July and August in 1931. China faced nine cyclones in July 1931 alone.

## Death

Chinese sources say 1,000,000 died due to the overflow of the Yangtze River. Western sources say a death toll of 3.7 million-4 million people. In July alone, four weather stations along the Yangtze River reported rain totaling over  for the month.

The Yangtze and Huai River floods soon reached Nanjing, the capital of China at the time. The city, located on an island in a massive flood zone, suffered catastrophic damage. Millions died of drowning while some died due to starvation, from waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhus. The high-water mark was reached on 19 August at Hankou town in Wuhan, with the water level exceeding  above normal. On the evening of 25 August 1931, the water rushing through the Grand Canal washed away dikes near Gaoyou Lake. Some 200,000 people drowned in their sleep in the resulting deluge.

## Infobox (flood)

- **image location**: Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12231, China, Überschwemmungsopfer.jpg
- **image name**: Victims of the flooding in August 1931
- **image size**: 350px
- **name**: 1931 China floods
- **duration**: July–November 1931 (depending on river)
- **total fatalities**: 422,499–4,000,000
- **areas affected**: Yellow River, Yangtze River, Huai River
Trans-Siberian Orchestra

The **Trans-Siberian Orchestra** is an American progressive rock group. They were founded around 1996. They became popular around 1999. This was when they began touring with their second studio album, _The Christmas Attic_.

Both _Billboard Magazine_ and _Pollstar_ ranked them as one of the top ticket-selling groups in the first decade of the new millennium.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Trans-Siberian Orchestra
- **image**: Trans-Siberian Orchestra 4.jpg
- **caption**: Trans-Siberian Orchestra performing live in November 2006
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **genre**: Christmas music, Christmas, progressive metal, hard rock, progressive rock, speed metal, symphonic metal
- **years active**: –present
- **alias**: TSO
- **label**: Lava Records, Lava, Atlantic Records, Atlantic, Rhino Records, Rhino, Republic Records, Republic
- **associated acts**: Savatage, Jon Oliva's Pain
Joan Chen

**Joan Chen** (born April 26, 1961) is a Chinese-American actress, movie director and movie producer. She became famous for her performance in the Academy Award-winning 1987 movie _The Last Emperor_. She also had a role in the 1990-1991 television series _Twin Peaks_. Chen played Mrs. Yee in the 2007 award-winning erotic thriller _Lust, Caution_.

Chen was born in Shanghai, China.
Sylvia Chang

**Sylvia Chang** (born 21 July 1953) is a Taiwanese movie director, actress, singer and producer. She began her career in the 1970s. She has acted in, directed and produced many movies.

Chang won the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actress. Her movies have been accepted into movie festivals.

She was born in Chiayi City, Taiwan.
Azerbaijanfilm

**Azerbaijanfilm** () is an Azerbaijani state movie studio. It is located in the capital city Baku. They mainly make movies and sometimes documentaries.

## History

"Azerbaijanfilm" started in 1920 as a photo-cinema department at the Azerbaijan SSR People's Commissariat (Government Ministry).  In 1923 it was renamed to "Azerbaijani Photo-Cinema Office" (AFKI). There were several name changes, including "Azdovletkino" (1926–1930), "Azkino" (1930–1933), "Azfilm" (1933), "Azdovletkinosenaye" (1934), "Azerfilm" (1935–1940), and "Baku Cinema Studio" (1941–1959). In 1960 it became "Azerbaijanfilm" cinema studio named after Jafar Jabbarly.

Currently, "Azerbaijanfilm" is a part of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan.

### Azerbaijan SSR

- 1931 _Qaz_
- 1933 _Lökbatan_
- 1945 _The Cloth Peddler_
- 1956 _O Olmasin, Bu Olsun_
- 1961 _Balıqçılar_
- 1963 _Kür_
- 1964 _İçəri Şəhər_
- 1964 _Ulduz_
- 1965 _Mingəçevir_
- 1970 _Sevil_
- 1977 _Birthday_
- 1979 _Babek_
- 1988 _The Scoundrel_
- 1989 _Anecdote_

### Azerbaijan

- 1991 _The Engagement Ring_
- 1998 _Sari Gelin_
- 2001 _Yuxu_
- 2004 _National Bomb_
- 2009 _The 40th Door_
- 2010 _The Precinct_
- 2011 _Buta_
- 2012 _Amazing Azerbaijan_ (documentary)
- 2012 _Steppe Man_

## Other websites

- Azeri films
- Azerbaijani film  at the Internet Movie Database
- Azerbaycan Kinosu
Cognitive impairment

**Cognitive impairment** (also called **cognitive deficit**) is a condition in which mental functioning is not good. The term "cognitive impairment" may mean problems with intelligence, like intellectual disability (also called "mental deficiency"). It may also mean specific problems, such as learning disability, slow learning or dyslexia.

Cognitive impairment may be congenital or caused by environmental problems, such as brain injuries, neurological disorders or mental illness.
Borderline intelligence

**Borderline intelligence** (also called **borderline intellectual functioning** or **borderline mental disability**) is a category of intelligence in which a person has lower than normal menta<nowiki/>l ability. IQ levels are between 70 and 85. It is not as bad as intellectual disability (IQ 69 and under).

In school years, people with borderline intelligence are known as "slow learners".

## Related pages

- Resource room
- Separate classroom
- Special education

## Infobox (medical condition (new))

- **name**: Borderline intellectual functioning
- **synonyms**: Borderline mental retardation, borderline mental subnormality, borderline mental deficiency, borderline mental disability, borderline intelligence, deficientia intelligentiæ, backwardness
- **specialty**: Psychiatry
Profilage

**Profilage** is a French crime drama TV series. It was developed in 2009 by Fanny Robert and Sophie Lebarbier along with TF1.

## Background

The series focuses on Chloé Saint-Laurent (_Odile Vuillemin_), a criminologist who works at police department in Paris. To solve crimes she uses her own experiences and intelligence.

## Cast

|Caption|||
| --- | --- | --- |
|<span style="background:#FFFF80; border:1px solid darkgrey; display:block; float:left; height:20px; width:20px; vertical-align:middle; margin-right:5px;"> </span> <small>Main character</small>|<span style="background:#AFEEEE; border:1px solid darkgrey; display:block; float:left; height:20px; width:20px; vertical-align:middle; margin-right:5px;"> </span> <small>Supporting character (two or plus episodes)</small>|<span style="background:lightgreen; border:1px solid darkgrey; display:block; float:left; height:20px; width:20px; vertical-align:middle; margin-right:5px;"> </span> <small>Guest artist</small>|
|rowspan="2" style="width: 7%;"|Actor/Actress|rowspan="2" style="width: 7%;"|Character|colspan="12"|Season|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="7" style="background:#FBF373;"||||||
|colspan="7" style="background:#FBF373;"||||||

## Other websites

- Profilage's website on TF1
Salgesch

**Salgesch** () is a municipality in the district of Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website
- Pfynwald

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Salgesch
- **municipality name**: Salgesch
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Salgesch COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Salgesch.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Leuk (district), Leuk
- **postal code**: 3970
- **municipality code**: 6113
- **area**: 11.3
- **elevation**: 581
- **population**: 1258
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **popofyear**: 2002
- **website**: www.salgesch.ch
- **mayor**: Urs Kuonen
- **neighboring municipalities**: Chandolin, Leuk, Miège, Mollens, Valais, Mollens, Sierre, Varen, Switzerland, Varen, Veyras, Switzerland, Veyras
Turtmann

**Turtmann** was a municipality of the district Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Turtmann and Unterems merged into the new municipality of Turtmann-Unterems.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Turtmann
- **municipality name**: Turtmann
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Turtmann.gif
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Turtmann.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Leuk (district), Leuk
- **postal code**: 3946
- **municipality code**: 6114
- **area**: 6.8
- **elevation**: 640
- **population**: 980
- **populationof**: Dec 2012
- **popofyear**: 2012
- **website**: www.turtmann.ch
- **mayor**: Christian Jäger
- **neighboring municipalities**: Agarn, Bratsch, Eischoll, Ergisch, Gampel, Leuk, Niedergesteln, Steg, Valais, Steg, Unterems
Janjaweed

The **Janjaweed** are a militia that operate in Western Sudan and Eastern Chad.  They are one of the main players in the Darfur conflict.
Unterems

**Unterems** (Walliser German: _Unneräms_) was a municipality of the district Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Unterems and Turtmann merged into the new municipality of Turtmann-Unterems.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Unterems
- **image photo**: Unterems.jpg
- **municipality name**: Unterems
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Unterems COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Unterems 2009.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Leuk (district), Leuk
- **postal code**: 3948
- **municipality code**: 6115
- **area**: 1.4
- **elevation**: 1003
- **lowest m**: 800
- **highest m**: 1200
- **highest**: Massoltern
- **population**: 142
- **populationof**: December 2011
- **popofyear**: 2011
- **website**: www.unterems.ch
- **mayor**: Johann Tscherrig
- **neighboring municipalities**: Agarn, Ergisch, Oberems, Turtmann
Turtmann-Unterems

**Turtmann-Unterems** is a municipality of the district Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Turtmann and Unterems merged into the new municipality of Turtmann-Unterems.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Turtmann-Unterems
- **municipality name**: Turtmann-Unterems
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Turtmann-Unterems 2013.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Leuk (district), Leuk
- **postal code**: 3948, 3946
- **municipality code**: 6119
- **area**: 42.27
- **elevation**: 1003
- **lowest m**: 800
- **highest m**: 1200
- **highest**: Massoltern
- **population**: 1117
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **popofyear**: 2015
- **website**: www.turtmann-unterems.ch
- **mayor**: Johann Tscherrig
- **places**: Ems, Gruben, Turtmann and Unterems
- **neighboring municipalities**: Agarn, Ergisch, Oberems, Switzerland, Oberems
Varen, Switzerland

**Varen** (Walliser German: _Faru_; ) is a municipality in Leuk in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It is known as the birthplace of skier Brigitte Albrecht-Loretan.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Varen
- **municipality name**: Varen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Varen COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Varen.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Leuk (district), Leuk
- **postal code**: 3953
- **municipality code**: 6116
- **area**: 12.8
- **elevation**: 760
- **population**: 857
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **popofyear**: 2002
- **website**: www.varen.ch
- **mayor**: Gilbert Loretan
- **neighboring municipalities**: Inden, Switzerland, Inden, Leuk, Mollens, Valais, Mollens, Salgesch
Bovernier

**Bovernier** is a municipality of the district Martigny in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website of Bovernier

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Bovernier
- **municipality name**: Bovernier
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Bovernier COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Bovernier.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Martigny (district), Martigny
- **postal code**: 1932
- **municipality code**: 6131
- **area**: 12.9
- **elevation**: 613
- **population**: 746
- **populationof**: Dec 2002
- **website**: www.bovernier.ch
- **mayor**: Marcel Gay
- **neighboring municipalities**: Martigny, Switzerland, Martigny, Martigny-Combe, Orsières, Sembrancher, Vollèges
Septic shock

**Septic shock** is a medical condition which can result from sepsis. Sepsis is a special form of infection. With septic shock, the circulation of blood changes or stops. This makes septic shock a medical emergency, which is usually treated in intensive care. Between a quarter and half the people with the condition die.

Treatment is usually done in the following steps:
1. Stabilizing, restarting blood circulation, usually by giving fluids
1. Treatment of the infection
1. Coping with organ failures

## Infobox (medical condition (new))

- **name**: Septic shock
- **image**: Gabriel Metsu - La Fille malade.jpg
- **caption**: Sepsis is one of the most common causes of death in critically ill patients in intensive care units. Oil by Gabriël Metsu.
- **field**: Infectious disease (medical specialty), Infectious disease, critical care medicine, emergency medicine
Caucasian

**Caucasian** might refer to:
- Caucasian race, a name that was used in former times for people from Europe and parts of Africa and Asia
- White people
- Anything related to the Caucasus, an area in Eurasia
    - Languages of the Caucasus
Bulgogi

**Bulgogi** is a Korean dish. It is usually made of grilled beef which has been soaked in sauce for a long time.

## History

Bulgogi is believed to have come from Goguryeo, one of the three kingdoms of ancient Korea. It was called "Maekjeok" at first. In the Joseon dynasty, it was called "Neobiani" which means 'thinly spread'.

## Nutrition

There are a lot of essential nutrients in bulgogi. In bulgogi, there are lots of lysine, which is an essential amino acid. It helps children's growth and development.
They

**They** is the third person plural pronoun in English, used to describe a subject. The object form is "them". "They" can be used for both people or objects.

'They' can also be used for the singular third person if the gender of the person is unknown, or to purposely be ambiguous, or neither male nor female. Some people choose to use 'they' as their pronouns. Singular 'they' is conjugated the same way as the plural form, similar to the matching conjugations of the plural and singular 'you' in English. Singular 'they' is never used for objects, only people.

'They' can also be used to refer to a generic group of people, such as "In Britain, they celebrate Christmas in December".
Lençóis Maranhenses National Park

The **Lençóis Maranhenses National Park** (Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses) is a national park in Maranhão, northeastern Brazil.

It is an area with low, flat, occasionally flooded land, between large sand dunes. It is about . Despite abundant rain, it has almost no vegetation.

With large, white, sweeping dunes, Lençóis Maranhenses looks like a typical desert, but in fact it is not one. Being just outside the Amazon Basin, the region gets a regular rainy season in first half of the year. When it rains, fresh water collects in the valleys between sand dunes. The water is prevented from sinking down by a layer of rock underneath the sand. This results in blue, green and black lagoons surrounded by the desert-like sand. The lagoons are at their fullest between July and September.

When the lagoons are full, they are interconnected to rivers such as the Rio Negro. From the river, large numbers of fish arrive. One species of fish, however, is resident. The wolf fish or tiger fish (_Hoplias malabaricus_) stays dormant in the mud and moist areas after most of the water has evaporated, re-emerging during the next rainy season.
Military glider

**Military gliders** (a variation of the common glider) have been used by the military of various countries for carrying troops and heavy equipment into a war zone. They were used mainly during the Second World War. These aircraft with no engines were towed into the air and most of the way to their target by military transport planes. One of the most popular tow aircraft was the C-47 Skytrain or Dakota. They could also be towed by bombers. Military gliders do not soar. Once released from the tow craft near the front lines, they were to land on any convenient open terrain close to their target.

They tried to landed with as little damage as possible to the cargo and crew as possible. But most landing zones (LZ) were far from ideal. The one-way nature of the missions meant that military gliders were treated as being disposable. This is why they were made from common and inexpensive materials such as wood. They were unarmored, fragile, aircraft with crude steering and no brakes. This is why a large number of them crashed on landing. Troops landing by glider were referred to as airborne infantry. Pilots called themselves "tow targets" while the soldiers referred to the gliders as "flying coffins." Casualties for some missions ran as high as 40%.

Gilders had certain advantages, however. Paratroopers, soldiers landing by parachute, were usually spread over a large area. They could easily be separated from other paratroopers and from air-dropped equipment, such as vehicles and anti-tank guns. Gliders, on the other hand, could land troops and equipment precisely at the target landing area. Once released from the tow aircraft, military gliders were silent and difficult for the enemy to identify. Larger gliders were developed to land heavy equipment like anti-tank guns, anti-aircraft guns, small vehicles, such as jeeps, and also light tanks (e.g., the Tetrarch tank). This heavier equipment made glider forces much more capable. During World War II, the United States had about 6,000 trained glider pilots. Some were given a second chance to fly as glider pilots after failing to complete conventional aircraft training. The Soviets also experimented with ways to deliver light tanks by air, including the Antonov A-40, a gliding tank with detachable wings.

By the time of the Korean War, helicopters had largely replaced gliders. Helicopters have the advantage of being able to deliver and extract soldiers to and from the battlefield with more precision. Also, modern advances allow even light tanks to be dropped by parachute. Only special forces use gliders for silent, small-scale insertion today.
Freedom of Information Act 2000

The **Freedom of Information Act 2000** was introduced by the British Government in the year 2000.

The Act creates a general right of access, on request, to information held by public authorities. That means any member of the public may demand that withheld information about them is released to them.

About 120,000 requests are made each year. Private citizens made 60% of them, with businesses and journalists accounting for 20% and 10% respectively.  The Act cost £35.5 million in 2005.

Although there are some groups which are exceptions to the Act, it covers over 19,000 authorities.
Cannabis (drug)

**Cannabis**, also known as **marijuana**, **weed**, **sativa**, and **indica** (as well as other names) is a psychoactive drug from the _Cannabis_ plant used for medical or recreational reasons. The main part of cannabis that causes its effects is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), one of the 483 known chemical compounds in the plant, including at least 65 other cannabinoids, which are chemicals only found in Cannabis. Cannabis can be used by smoking, vaporizing, within food, or as an extract.

Cannabis is mostly used recreationally or medically, although like other psychoactive drugs it may also be used for spiritual purposes. In 2013, between 128 and 232 million people used cannabis (2.7% to 4.9% of the global population between the ages of 15 and 65). It is the most commonly used illegal drug in the world, though it is legal in some areas. The places it is used most are () Zambia, the United States, Canada, and Nigeria. It is illegal in most of the world.

Marijuana plants are split into 3 categories: sativa, indica, and hybrid. A hybrid is a mixture of sativa and indica. Sativa is a mild stimulant whilst indica is a mild depressant.

## Infobox (botanical product)

- **pronounce**:

- **product**: Cannabis
- **image**: Hampa Cannabis sativa L. (närbild).jpg
- **caption**: Close-up of flowering cannabis plant
- **plant**: _Cannabis sativa_, _Cannabis indica_, _Cannabis ruderalis_
- **part**: Inflorescence, Flower and Infructescence, fruit
- **origin**: Central Asia and Indian subcontinent
- **active**: Tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol, tetrahydrocannabivarin
- **producers**: Afghanistan, Canada, China, Colombia, India, Jamaica, Lebanon, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Paraguay, Spain, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States
- **legal au**: S9
- **legal ca**: Unscheduled
- **legal de**: Medical cannabis from state-controlled production: Anlage III, other cannabis: Anlage I, I
- **legal uk**: Class B
- **legal us**: Schedule I (legal recreationally in 24 states & DC; medically legal in 39 states)
- **legal un**: Narcotic Schedule I
Draguignan

**Draguignan** () is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeastern France.

It is a subprefecture of the department.

## History

Draguignan became the prefecture of the Var in 1797, at the beginning of the French Revolution. This was even if the town was not the biggest city in the department. It remained as the prefecture until 1974, when it was moved to Toulon.

## Geography

The city is at the foot of the Malmont mountain, in a valley that is about  long, from northwest to southeast. The Nartuby, a tributary of the Argens river, flows to the west of the city.

Draguignan has an area of ,  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Draguignan is surrounded by the _communes_ Saint-Rémy, Maleville, La Bastide-l'Évêque, Morlhon-le-Haut, Sanvensa, La Rouquette, Savignac and Toulonjac.

### Climate

The climate of Draguignan, in the Köppen climate classification, is **Csb** - Mediterranean climate with template summers.

## Population

With a population in 2013 of 39,174, Draguignan has a population density is of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

The inhabitants of Draguignan are known, in French, as _Dracenois_ (women: _Dracenoises_).

## Sister cities

Draguignan is twinned with:
- Tuttlingen, Germany

## Related pages

- Arrondissements of the Var department

## Other websites

- Mairie de Villefranche-de-Rouergue - Official website

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Draguignan
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Draguignan.svg
- **image coat of arms size**: 70px
- **image**: Draguignan Theatre Municipal 1.jpg
- **caption**: City theater, Draguignan
- **arrondissement**: Arrondissement of Draguignan, Draguignan
- **canton**: Canton of Draguignan, Draguignan
- **intercommunality**: Draguignan
- **mayor**: Richard Strambio
- **term**: 2014-2020
- **elevation m**: 376
- **elevation min m**: 153
- **elevation max m**: 603
- **area km2**: 53.8
- **population demonym**: Dracénois
- **population**: 39174
- **population date**: 2013
- **insee**: 83050
- **postal code**: 83300
- **website**: [http://www.ville-draguignan.fr/ www.ville-draguignan.fr/]
The Conquest of Malacca (epic poem)

**The Conquest of Malacca** (_Malaca conquistada_) is an epic poem by Portuguese poet Francisco de Sá de Meneses.

## General information

_The Conquest of Malacca_ is an epic poem. It was published in 1634. It is one of the more noted Portuguese poem of the 17th century.

## Author

Francisco de Sá de Meneses was a poet of Baroque. He was born about 1600 and died in 1664.

## Form

The poem is written in ottava rima (oitava-rima in Portuguese). In other words it is composed of stanzas of eight lines, rhymed abababcc. The same strophe was used earlier by Luís de Camões in _The Lusiads_.

- _Canto as armas e o grande Lusitano_
- _Que, desde a ocidental extrema parte,_
- _Aonde o Sol se levanta do oceano_
- _Levou das Quinas santas o estandarte_
- _E (castigado o pérfido tirano)_
- _A cidade ganhou, por força e arte,_
- _Do áureo reino, e trocou com pio exemplo_
- _A profana mesquita em sacro templo._

## Story

The poem by Francisco de Sá de Meneses tells about the batles of Malacca. The battle was fought in 1511. Portuguese forces, led by Afonso de Albuquerque, the governor of India, seized the city of Malacca. The city was a strong fortress. It controlled the strait of Malacca, which was the way to China.

## Translation

The poem was translated into English by Edgar C. Knowlton, Jr. The book was published by University of Malaya Press in Kuala Lumpur in 1970.

## Other websites

- Francisco de Sá de Meneses, Malaca conquistada at Bibliotecva Nacional de Portugal.
Roman dictator

A **dictator** was the senior magistrate of the Roman Republic. They were regularly appointed from the earliest period of the Republic down to the Second Punic War.

Dictators had the full authority of the state to deal with a military emergency or to undertake a specific duty. The right of the Tribune of the plebs to veto his actions was extremely limited.  However, to prevent the dictatorship from threatening the state itself, limitations were placed on his powers. A dictator had a clear sphere of authority. He had to resign once his task was done, or after six months.

After the Second Punic War, no dictators were appointed for over a century. Then the idea was revived by Sulla, and later by Caesar. Sulla was a tyrant, and Caesar was murdered soon after becoming dictator.

The office was formally abolished after the death of Caesar, and not revived under the Empire.
Vargas tragedy

**Vargas tragedy** is one of the worst disaster that struck the Venezuelan country's Vargas state on 15 December 1999. It was a result of heavy downpour of rain, flash floods and mudslides that followed on 14-16 December 1999 which killed 10,000*30,000 peoples.This disaster led to an complete collapse of the infrastructure of the state of Vargas.

Many towns were swept away to the ocean due to the floods.Whole towns like Cerro Grande and Carmen de Uria completely disappeared. As much as 10% of the population of Vargas perished during this event.The coastal area of Vargas has long been subject to mudslides and flooding: geologically similar catastrophes occurred with regularity. The most recent major flood was in 1951, however that event did not cause as much damage.

In a 52-hour span during 14, 15 and 16 December 1999,  of rain (approximately one year's total rainfall for the region) was measured on the north-central coast of Venezuela at Simón Bolívar International Airport in Maiquetia, Venezuela. These heavy rains included  of accumulation in just one hour, between 6 and 7 AM on the 16th; precipitation on both the 15th and 16th exceeded the 1,000-year probability rainfall event. Even so, the coast received much less rain than some regions upstream.

The disaster caused estimated damages of USD $1.79 to $3.5 billion. The death toll was considered to be between 10,000 and 30,000—the exact number of casualties is difficult to determine as there was no reliable census data, especially about shanty towns and small communities that were completely wiped out; moreover, only some 1,000 bodies were recovered, with the rest swept to sea by the mud or buried in the landslides. More than 8,000 homes and 700 apartment buildings were destroyed in Vargas displacing up to 75,000 people.