juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Los Alamos National Laboratory

**Los Alamos National Laboratory** (often shortened as **Los Alamos** and **LANL**) is one of the sixteen research and development laboratories of the United States Department of Energy (DOE). It is located near the northwest area of Santa Fe, New Mexico. It is best known for its key role in helping develop the first atomic bomb. LANL is one of the world's largest and most advanced scientific institutions.

Los Alamos was created in 1943 as Project Y, a top-secret site for designing nuclear weapons under the Manhattan Project during World War II. J. Robert Oppenheimer helped convince General Leslie Groves to pick Los Alamos, New Mexico as the site of the lab because of a ranch school in the nearby mesa and Oppenheimer spent his youth in New Mexico. The lab brought together some of the world's most famous scientists, among them numerous Nobel Prize winners. The town of Los Alamos, directly north of the lab, grew during this period.

After World War II ended in 1945, Project Y was made public, and it became known as Los Alamos. In 1952, the Atomic Energy Commission formed a second design lab under the direction of the University of California, Berkeley. The two labs competed on creating bomb designs during the Cold War.

Los Alamos currently focuses on research in fields such as national security, space exploration, nuclear fusion, renewable energy, medicine, nanotechnology, and supercomputing.

The laboratory is almost forty square miles and has almost 900 individual facilities, thirteen nuclear facilities, 8.4 million square feet in buildings, and a $39.1 billion replacement plant value.

Several buildings that had connections to the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos were declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
- **embed**: yes
- **nrhp type**: hd
- **nocat**: yes
- **nrhp type2**: nhld
- **location**: Central Ave., Los Alamos, New Mexico
- **locmapin**: New Mexico
- **architecture**: Bungalow/American Craftsman, Craftsman, Modern architecture, Modern Movement, Ranch-style house, Ranch
- **added**: October 15, 1966
- **designated nrhp type2**: December 21, 1965
- **refnum**: 66000893


## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Los Alamos National Laboratory
- **logo**: LANL Logo.png
- **image**: File:Los Alamos aerial view.jpeg
- **caption**: Aerial view
- **budget**: $3.92 billion
- **director**: Thomas Mason (physicist), Thomas Mason
- **staff**: 14,150
- **students**: 1800
- **city**: Los Alamos, New Mexico, Los Alamos
- **state**: New Mexico
- **country**: United States
- **operating agency**: Triad National Security LLC
Los Alamos

**Los Alamos** usually refers to Los Alamos, New Mexico.

**Los Alamos** may also refer to:

## Establishments

- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos Laboratory, also known as Project Y, the war-time laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico.
- Los Alamos Museum, unofficial name of the Bradbury Science Museum
- Los Alamos Ranch School, boys' school

## Places

- Los Alamos, California
- Los Álamos, Chile
- Los Alamos, New Mexico
- Los Alamos County, New Mexico
- Cañada de los Alamos, New Mexico
- Álamos, Mexico

## Media

- _Los Alamos_, a novel by Joseph Kanon
- _Los Alamos_, a book by the photographer William Eggleston

## Other

- Los Alamos chess, a chess variant
- _Los Alamos_ (AFDB-7), a former large floating dry dock
- Los Álamos, a station on the Cercanías Málaga commuter rail service in Málaga, Spain
AS Real Bamako

The **Association Sportive du Real Bamako** is a Malian football club from Bamako, the capital city of Mali. It plays in the Malian Première Division, the top division of Malian football. His home stadium is the Stade Modibo Keïta. The club won the national championship in Mali six times. Therefore it is one of the most successful clubs in the country. The club selection is known by the nickname the Scorpions.

One of Real Bamako's most successful players was Salif "Domingo" Keïta (1963–67). He won three championships and the African Footballer of the Year award (1970) during his time with AS Saint-Étienne in France.

## Honours

- **Malian Championː** 1969, 1980, 1981, 1983, 1986, 1991
- **Malian Cupː** 1962, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1980, 1989, 1991, 2010
- **CAF Champions League** Runner-up 1966

## Notable players

- Salif  Keïta
- Mohamed Camara
- Diadie Samassékou

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: AS Real Bamako
- **fullname**: Association Sportive du Real Bamako
- **nickname**: The Scorpions
- **founded**: 1960
- **ground**: Stade Modibo Keïta
- **capacity**: 25,000
- **manager**: Nouhoum Diané
- **league**: Première Division (Mali)
- **season**: 2023/24
- **position**: **3rd**
1922 Women's World Games – 4 × 110 yards relay

The **4 × 110 yards relay** event at the 1922 Women's World Games took place in Paris at the Stade Pershing on 20 August 1922. According to the schedule, the heats took place during the morning session, with the final during the afternoon session. The British team won the event in a new world record.

### Heats

It was scheduled that there was a qualifcation for the final during the morning session, consisiting of two heats. The best team of each heat continued to the final and the fastest number two. However, four teams competed in the final.

### Final

The American team finished second in the relay but was declared "distanced" and was placed to the fourth place. Steward placed a protest but was not succesfull.

In the final results the British team won the event in a new world record with a time of 51.8 seconds, ahead of France and Czechoslovakia.

|Rank|Nation|Athletes|Time|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Mary Lines Nora Callebout Gwendoline Porter ||  51.8 sec|| **WR**|||
||||51.2 sec||
|||Marie Mejzlíková II Bozena Srámková Marie Mejzlíková I Marie Jirásková ||  52.8 sec |||||
|4||*||disqualified "distanced"|
Source:

Ahead of the Games, five American athletes were named for the relay: Elizabeth Stine, Mabel Gilliland, Katherina Agar, Esther Green and Rosemary Hall.

## Infobox (sports competition event)

- **event**: 4 × 110 yards relay
- **competition**: 1922 Women's World Games
- **venue**: Stade Pershing
- **location**: Paris, France
- **dates**: 20 August 1922
- **competitors**: 16
- **nations**: 4
- **win value**: 51.8 (**WR**)
- **gold**: Mary Lines
Nora Callebout

Gwendoline Porter
- **silver**:

- **bronze**: Marie Mejzlíková II
Bozena Srámková
Marie Mejzlíková I
 Marie Jirásková
- **gold nation**: GBR
- **silver nation**: FRA
- **bronze nation**: TCH
- **next**: 1926 Women's World Games – 4 × 110 yards relay, 1926
Typhoon Forrest (1983)

**Typhoon Forrest** known in the Philippines as **Typhoon Ising** was the most intense Tropical cyclones of the 20th century stands as a significant event in meteorological history. Forming in September 1983 this Typhoon exhibited rapid intensifiation that challenged forecasters and left a lasting impact on the Regions it affected.
Swiss Brethren

The **Swiss Brethren** () are a branch of Anabaptism that originated in Zürich in 1525 and spread to nearby regions. Today, the Swiss Mennonite Conference can trace its roots back to the Swiss Brethren.

## Origins

In 1525, prominent reformers Felix Manz, Conrad Grebel, and George Blaurock, along with other radical evangelical figures, broke away from the teachings of Ulrich Zwingli in Zürich. They were dissatisfied with the pace of the Reformation and its inability to fully align with their interpretation of scripture.

The Swiss Brethren's primary distinction was their rejection of infant baptism. Based on the Sola Scriptura doctrine, they argued that since the Bible does not explicitly endorse infant baptism, it should not be practiced. This theological position was in direct opposition to Zwingli's views, leading to a public debate. The Zürich city council ultimately sided with Zwingli, further solidifying the Swiss Brethren's stance and resulting in their persecution by other reformers and the Catholic Church.

## Persecution and migration

Due to religious persecution, many Swiss Brethren were forced to flee Switzerland. Their beliefs spread across neighboring countries, and the movement laid the foundation for modern-day Mennonites and Amish communities. Following a major split in 1693, led by Jacob Amman and Hans Reist, the Swiss Brethren became identified as Mennonites.

## Schleitheim Articles

One of the key documents in Swiss Brethren history is the **Schleitheim Articles**, written in 1527 by Michael Sattler. This was the first formal Anabaptist confession of faith, containing seven articles on essential topics for the Swiss Brethren:
- Believer's baptism
- Church discipline
- Lord's Supper
- Separation from the world
- Selection and role of pastors
- Nonviolence (nonresistance)

## Beliefs

The Swiss Brethren were characterized by their adherence to:
- **Believer's baptism:** Only those who consciously chose to follow the Christian faith were baptized, rejecting infant baptism.
- **Nonviolence (Nonresistance):** Swiss Brethren advocated for peaceful resistance and rejected the use of force in religious or political matters.
- **Separation from the world:** They believed in maintaining a clear distinction between the church and the secular world.

## Legacy

Today, the Swiss Brethren's legacy lives on through various Anabaptist denominations, including the Mennonites and the Amish, many of whom can trace their origins to this movement. The Swiss Mennonite Conference is a direct descendant of the original Swiss Brethren.

## Related pages

- Anabaptism
- Mennonites
- Amish

## Other websites

- Swiss Brethren - Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online
Struct

A **struct** is a way to group different pieces of information together. It is similar to a record in other programming languages (i.e. Pascal). Each piece of information inside a struct is called a field. For example, a struct for a person might have fields for name, age, and height. Structs are useful for storing related data together and are commonly used in languages like C, C++, D, V (Vlang), and Rust.

Example in C:

Here, `Person` is a struct that has fields with the person's name, age, and height.
Big Man (comics)

**Big Man** is the name of several fictional supervillains in the Marvel Comics universe and is an enemy of Spider-Man. A couple of individuals have used the Big Man persona. The first and original Big Man was Frederick Foswell, the second was his daughter, Janice Foswell, the third was Hank Pym Jr. (MC2 Universe), and the fourth was Godwulf.

## In other media

The "Big Man" appears in _The Spectacular Spider-Man_ as the alias of a mysterious crime lord. It is initially used by **Tombstone** (voiced initially by Keith David and subsequently by Kevin Michael Richardson) before the **Green Goblin** (voiced by Steve Blum) takes over. Additionally, Frederick Foswell (voiced by James Arnold Taylor) appears as a separate character who uses his Patch identity as a private investigator. Henry Pym Jr. appears in _Next Avengers: Heroes of Tomorrow_, voiced by Aidan Drummond.
Pizza in the United States

Pizza came to the United States in the early 1900s when many Italian immigrants moved there, especially to big cities like New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Baltimore. After World War II, when American soldiers came back from Italy, pizza and pizza places became popular.

In the second half of the 1900s, pizza became a very popular food in the United States. Many different kinds of pizza were created, and some of them look quite different from the original Italian version. Pizza is a popular fast food item, and you can find it at many small restaurants as well as big pizza chains. In 2015, the pizza restaurant industry in the U.S. was worth $37 billion.

## History

The first pizzeria in the U.S. was Lombardi's, which opened in New York City's Little Italy in 1905. They made a special kind of pizza called Neapolitan-style pizza. The word "pizza" was added to English in the 1930s. Before that, it was often called "tomato pie." Some places still use that name for pizza today.

In the 1900s, different kinds of pizza styles were created in various regions. Some of these styles are Buffalo, California, Chicago, Detroit, Greek, New Haven, New York City, and St. Louis. Each style has its own features, like deep-dish, stuffed, pockets, turnovers, rolls, and pizza-on-a-stick. Each of these styles have several combinations of sauce and toppings.

Every day, thirteen percent of Americans eat pizza. There are many places to get pizza, like restaurants, food stands, and big chains like Domino's and Pizza Hut. Pizza is also available at grocery stores, either frozen or ready to bake at home. This makes it easy for everyone to enjoy pizza, whether they eat out or cook at home.

## Ingredients

Common toppings for pizza in the United States include pepperoni, sausage, salami, ground beef, ham, bacon, olives, mushrooms, onions, peppers, anchovies, chicken, tomatoes, spinach, and pineapple.

American pizza, especially thin-crust, is made with a special type of flour that has a lot of gluten (13–14% protein). This gluten helps the dough stretch really thin without breaking. Unlike Italian pizza, American pizza often has vegetable oil or shortening mixed into the dough. The amount of oil can be small, like in New York-style pizza, or much larger in recipes for Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.

Tomato sauce is very common. Some dishes, like white pizza, don't use it at all. Instead, they might use garlic and olive oil, or other sauces made from vegetables, like pesto.
Little Danes experiment

The **little Danes experiment**, or **the experiment** (Danish: ), was a 1951 Danish operation. The idea was to re-educate Inuit children. Twenty-two Greenlandic Inuit children (known as "experiment children"; Danish: ) were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as "little Danes". While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while they were in Denmark. Sixteen returned to Greenland. They were put in Danish-speaking orphanages and never lived with their families again. Half of the children had mental health problems. Half of them died when they were young adults. The government of Denmark officially apologized in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. In 2020. six of the participating children were still alive. The had sued the Danish state for compensation. They each received 250.000 Danish Crowns, and a personal face-to-face apology from the Prime Minister.

## Related pages

- Kinder der Landstrasse - a similar event in Switzerland, about 30 years earlier
Daron Acemoglu

**Kamer Daron Acemoğlu** (born September 3, 1967) is a Turkish American economist. He has taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology since 1993.

Acemoğlu received the John Bates Clark Medal in 2005, and the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2024 with James A. Robinson and Simon Johnson.

## Infobox (economist)

- **name**: Daron Acemoglu
- **image**: Acemoglu 2016.png
- **caption**: Acemoglu in 2016
- **birth name**: Kamer Daron Acemoğlu
- **birth place**: Istanbul, Turkey
- **citizenship**: Turkey and United States
- **spouse**: Asuman Özdağlar, Asu Ozdaglar
- **field**: Political economy
Economic growth
Development economics
Labour economics
- **school tradition**: New institutional economics
- **doctoral advisor**: Kevin W. S. Roberts
- **doctoral students**: Robert Shimer • Mark Aguiar • Pol Antràs • Gabriel Carroll • Melissa Dell • Benjamin Jones (economist), Benjamin Jones • Ufuk Akcigit
- **influences**: Joel Mokyr • Kenneth Sokoloff • Douglass North • Seymour Martin Lipset • Barrington Moore
- **education**: University of York (B. A., BA)
London School of Economics (Master of Science, MSc, Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
- **repec id**: pac16
- **repec prefix**: e
Baby Shark's Big Show!

***Baby Shark's Big Show!*** is an American children's animated television series. It's based on Pinkfong's Baby Shark. "Baby Shark's Big Show!" is on Nickelodeon.

## Plot

The show follows a yellow shark named Baby Shark, his orange pilot fish friend, William, and shark family - the pink one (Mommy Shark), the blue one (Daddy Shark), the green one (Grandpa Shark), and the orange one (Grandma Shark). They all live under the ocean blue. They also live in Carnivore Cove, the undersea city.

### Main

- Baby Shark is a yellow shark. He's very strong and curious. He loves singing songs. He's the main character of the American children's animated Nickelodeon television show. He's Mommy and Daddy Shark's son. He's Grandma and Grandpa Shark's grandson.
- William is an orange pilot fish who's Baby Shark's best friend. He's really small.
- Mommy Shark is a pink shark who's Baby Shark's mother. She's always really intelligent. She solves puzzles. In "Baby Shark's Big Show! Shorts", she puts Baby Shark in a timeout.
- Daddy Shark is a blue shark who's Baby Shark's father. He's a good dentist. He flosses.
- Grandma Shark is an orange shark who's Baby Shark's grandmother. She's always so cool. Her nose can't be fooled.
- Grandpa Shark is a lime green shark who's really old like Grandma Shark. He loves TV. He's Baby Shark's grandfather.
Simon Johnson (economist)

**Simon H. Johnson** (born January 16, 1963) is a British American economist. He is a professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management and a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. From 2007 to 2008, he was the Chief Economist of the International Monetary Fund.

In 2024, Johnson, Daron Acemoglu, and James A. Robinson were awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

## Infobox (economist)

- **child**: yes
- **field**: Political economy
Development economics
- **awards**: Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (2024)
- **repec prefix**: e
- **repec id**: pjo44


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Simon Johnson
- **image**: Simon Johnson on Institute for New Economic Thinking.jpg
- **office**: Chief Economist of the International Monetary Fund
- **president**: Rodrigo Rato
Dominique Strauss-Kahn
- **term start**: March 2007
- **term end**: August 31, 2008
- **predecessor**: Raghuram Rajan
- **successor**: Olivier Blanchard
- **education**: University of Oxford (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of Manchester (Master of Arts, MA)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
James A. Robinson

**James Alan Robinson** (born 1960) is a British economist and political scientist. He is a professor at the University of Chicago. Robinson has taught at Harvard University between 2004 and 2015 and also at the University of California, Berkeley, University of Southern California and the University of Melbourne.

He studies focuses on what makes countries different by focusing on the economic and political situations that has caused good and bad things in these countries. He wrote several books with Daron Acemoglu, such as _The Narrow Corridor_, _Why Nations Fail_ and _Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy_.

In 2024, Robinson, Acemoglu and Simon Johnson were awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: James A. Robinson
- **image**: James A. Robinson in Ukraine - 2018 (MUS3218) (cropped).jpg
- **alt**: James A. Robinson in Ukraine in June 2018
- **caption**: Robinson in 2018
- **citizenship**: United Kingdom
- **awards**: Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (2024)
- **alma mater**: London School of Economics (Bachelor of Science, BS)
University of Warwick (Master of Arts, MA)
Yale University (Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
- **thesis title**: The dynamic enforcement of implicit labor contracts under asymmetric information
- **thesis url**: https://www.proquest.com/docview/304093687/
- **thesis year**: 1993
- **doctoral advisor**: Truman Bewley
Otto Stern

**Otto Stern** was a German, Nobel Prize-winning Physicist recognised for his contribution to "the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton".
Social Democratic Alliance

The **Social Democratic Alliance** (, ) is a social democratic political party in Iceland. The party is mainly centre-left. Their leader has been Kristrún Frostadóttir since 2022.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Social Democratic Alliance
- **native name**: Samfylkingin – jafnaðarflokkur Íslands
- **logo**: Merki Samfylkingarinnar XS 2018.svg
- **chairperson**: Kristrún Frostadóttir
- **vice-chairperson**: Guðmundur Árni Stefánsson
- **leader1 title**: Board of directors, Chairperson of the executive board
- **leader1 name**: Guðmundur Ari Sigurjónsson
- **leader2 title**: Board of directors, Secretary
- **leader2 name**: Arna Lára Jónsdóttir
- **leader3 title**: Parliament, Chairperson of the parliamentary group
- **leader3 name**: Logi Már Einarsson
- **leader4 title**: Municipality, Chairperson of the municipal council
- **leader4 name**: Pétur Hrafn
- **founded**: 5 May 2000
- **merger**: National Awakening (Iceland), National Awakening
People's Alliance (Iceland), People's Alliance
Social Democratic Party (Iceland), Social Democratic Party
Women's List
- **headquarters**: Sóltún 25 105, Reykjavík
- **youth wing**: Social Democratic Youth (Iceland), Social Democratic Youth
- **position**: Centre-left politics, Centre-left
- **european**: Party of European Socialists (associate)
- **affiliation title**: Nordic affiliation
- **affiliation**: SAMAK
The Social Democratic Group
- **colours**: Red
- **symbol**:
- **country**: Iceland
- **logo size**: 250px
Arion Bank

**Arion Banki hf.** (formerly ***Nýja Kaupþing hf*** or ***New Kaupthing***) is an Icelandic bank. The bank works in the Greater Reykjavík area as well as in the largest urban areas around the country. In 2016 the bank had the third largest market share of the current accounts in Iceland. The Bank has 13 branches all over the country.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Arion Banki hf.
- **logo**: Arion Bank Logo.svg
- **logo size**: 200px
- **type**: Public company, Hlutafélag
- **foundation**: in Reykjavík, Iceland (as Agricultural Bank of Iceland, Búnaðarbanki Íslands)
April 2003 (as KB Banki)
October 18, 2008 (as Arion Banki)
- **location**: Reykjavík, Iceland
- **industry**: Banking
- **key people**: Benedikt Gíslason
<small>(CEO)</small>
Brynjólfur Bjarnason<small>
(Chairman)</small>
- **area served**: Iceland
- **products**: Retail banking, Consumer banking, Commercial bank, corporate banking, mortgage loans, private banking, private equity, wealth management, credit cards
- **revenue**: Icelandic króna, ISK 50.764 billion (2020)
- **net income**: ISK 12.469 billion (2020)
- **equity**: ISK 197.845 billion (2020)
- **num employees**: 776 <small>(End of 2020)</small>
- **homepage**: [http://www.arionbanki.is/ www.arionbanki.is]
University of Iceland

The **University of Iceland** ( ) is a public research university in Reykjavík, Iceland. It is the country's oldest and largest institution of higher education. It was founded in 1911.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University of Iceland
- **latin name**: Universitas Islandiae
- **image**: Islands universitet 2009-01-28.jpg
- **motto**: University of Iceland Text.svg
- **established**: 1911
- **type**: Public university, Public
- **administrative staff**: 1,219
- **faculty**: 621
- **rector**: Jón Atli Benediktsson
- **students**: 14,167 (2023)
- **undergrad**: 8,589 (2023)
- **postgrad**: 2,123 (2023)
- **city**: Reykjavík
- **country**: Iceland
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban, suburban
- **colors**: Blue (color), Blue

- **mascot**: Athena
- **nickname**: HÍ
- **affiliations**: European University Association, EUA, Network of Universities from the Capitals of Europe, UNICA, Aurora (university network), Aurora, UArctic
- **website**: [https://english.hi.is english.hi.is]
Logi Már Einarsson

**Logi Már Einarsson** (born 21 August 1964) is an Icelandic politician and architect. He was the Leader of the Social Democratic Alliance from 2016 to 2022. In 2016, he was elected as a member of the Althing.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Logi Már Einarsson
- **image**: Logi Már Einarsson.jpg
- **office**: Leader of the Social Democratic Alliance
- **term start**: 31 October 2016
- **term end**: 28 October 2022
- **predecessor**: Oddný Harðardóttir
- **successor**: Kristrún Frostadóttir
- **office2**: Member of the Althing
- **term start2**: 31 October 2016
- **birth place**: Akureyri, Iceland
- **party**: Social Democratic Alliance
- **spouse**: Arnbjörg Sigurðardóttir
- **children**: 2
Leucostethus argyrogaster

The **Imaza rocket frog** (_Leucostethus argyrogaster_) is a frog.  It lives in Peru.

## Body

The adult male frog is about 19.8 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 22.1 mm long. There are large disks on the toes of all four feet so that the frog can climb. The skin of the frog's back is light brown in color. The skin of the frog's sides is dark brown in color. There are silver stripes and white stripes on the sides of the body. The tops of the back legs are cream-white in color. There is orange color on other parts of the back legs. There is a white mark near the rear end.  The throat and chest are cream-white in color. The belly is silver in color. The iris of the eye is bronze in color. The male frog's male organs are white in color.

## Home

This frog is awake during the day and lives on the ground. Scientists have seen it in forests in low places and on hills. They saw it in both forests that had never been cut down and in forests that had been cut down and are growing back. They saw it near streams. Scientists saw them between 400 and 1700 meters above sea level.

Some of the places this frog lives are protected, for example Santiago Comaina Reserved Zone and the Alto Mayo Protection Forest.

## Young

The female frog lays eggs on the dead leaves on the ground.  After the eggs hatch, the female frog carries the tadpoles to streams.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out. But people cut down the forests where it lives to make farms.
Thomas J. Donohue

**Thomas Joseph Donohue Sr.** (August 12, 1938 – October 14, 2024) was an American business executive and lobbyist. He was the President and CEO of the United States Chamber of Commerce from 1997 to 2021. Before, he was the President and CEO of the American Trucking Association from 1984 until 1997.

Donohue was born in New York City. He was raised in Rockville Centre, New York. He studied at St. John's University and at Adelphi University.

In 2018, he was honored with the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun.

Donohue died on October 14, 2024, at his home in Arlington, Virginia from congestive heart failure at the age of 86.
Mac OS X 10.0

**Mac OS X 10.0** (Code name **Cheetah**) Is an Apple Operating System for Computer and it started to public in March 24, 2001 it Successor to Mac OS 10.1 and Preceded to Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X Public Beta.

## Release history

|Version|Build|style="width:99px"|Date|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center"|10.0|4K78|March 24, 2001|Original retail CD-ROM release|
|style="text-align:center"|10.0.1|4L13|April 14, 2001||
|style="text-align:center"|10.0.2|4P12|May 1, 2001||
|style="text-align:center"|10.0.3|4P13|May 9, 2001||
|rowspan="3" style="text-align:center"|10.0.4|4Q12|June 21, 2001||
|4R14|July 18, 2001||||
|4S10|August 20, 2001||||

## Infobox (os version)

- **name**: Mac OS X 10.0
- **version of**: macOS
- **logo**: MacOS10.1.png
- **logo size**: 74px
- **developer**: Apple Computer
- **source model**: Closed source, Closed, with open-source software, open source components
- **license**: Apple Public Source License (APSL) and Apple end-user license agreement (EULA)
- **kernel type**: Hybrid kernel, Hybrid (XNU)
- **supported platforms**: PowerPC
- **ui**: Aqua (user interface), Aqua
- **release version**: 10.0.4
- **succeeded by**: Mac OS X 10.1
- **tagline**: The future is here. The power of UNIX with the simplicity and elegance of Macintosh.
- **support status**: Historical, unsupported as of November 13, 2006
Wisma Putra

***Wisma Putra*** is the name for Malaysia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its RM170 million complex in Putrajaya.

The original building, located in Kuala Lumpur, was named _Wisma Putra_ in 1966 to honor Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, Malaysia's first Prime Minister. This site was where the Chief Minister's residence used to be.

On 1 February 2001, Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad announced that Putrajaya would be Malaysia's third federal territory, and the Ministry moved there on 17 September 2001. The new complex also kept the name _Wisma Putra_.
The Rise of the Great Powers

***The Rise of the Great Powers*** is a 12-part Chinese documentary series made by CCTV. It first aired on CCTV-2 from November 13 to 24, 2006. The show talks about the rise of nine powerful countries: Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, Russia (Soviet Union), and the United States.

The People's Daily, a state-run newspaper, said each of the 12 episodes was shown at 9:30 pm and lasted 50 minutes, with a total runtime of 600 minutes. The documentary featured interviews with well-known historians and scholars, like Paul Kennedy, author of The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, and Joseph Stiglitz, a Nobel Prize-winning economist. It also included interviews with political leaders such as former French president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad.
Caramilk

**Caramilk** is a brand of chocolate bar. There are two different chocolate bars with the name Caramilk. The bar in Canada is made of milk chocolate with caramel filling and the bar in Australia is white chocolate that has been caramelized.

Caramilk is owned by Cadbury.

The chocolate bar was created at the Cadbury factory in Montreal in 1968. It later moved to the Gladstone factory in Toronto in 1978. It began being sold in 1968.
Cadbury Dairy Milk

**Cadbury Dairy Milk** is a brand of chocolate bar. It is made of milk chocolate. Cadbury Dairy Milk is owned by Cadbury and it is one of their best-selling products. The chocolate recipe is different in the United Kingdom compared to the United States.

The chocolate bar was created by George Cadbury Jr in June 1905.

Aside from milk chocolate, Dairy Milk has many different versions. Some include Caramel, Fruit & Nut, Whole Nut, Dairy Milk Silk, Dairy Milk Ritz, Dairy Milk Oreo, and Vegemite.

A production company based on the chocolate called "Glass And A Half Full Productions" was started by Cadbury in 2007. They also created a record label called Glass and a Half Full Records and released the song "Zingolo" through it for one of their Dairy Milk advertisements.
Carl Menger

**Carl Menger von Wolfensgrün** (28 February 1840 – 26 February 1921) was an Austrian economist who is considered to be one of leaders of the 1870s "Marginalist Revolution". He formulated the subjective theory of value and further developed the theory of marginal utility.

His works on the analysis of entrepreneurship were not very famous than his works on individualism, money, and how institutions work. Unlike his contemporaries such as Stanley Jevons and Léon Walras, he founded a "school of thought" which is the Austrian school of economics.

## Economics

He analyzed economics in a non-mathematical and non-graphical way. Unlike neoclassical economics, he analyze the order of the market in terms of dynamic processes, processes that always change, and not in terms of equilibria.

Intrinsic value means there is an objective value for that good or service. In his subjective theory of value, Menger believed that all goods and services has no intrinsic value. For example, although water is needed by all humans, the value we give to it such as price for a bottle of water is very subjective.

He also viewed money of having no intrinsic value. According to Menger, money was not invented because of its objective worth but because people need a way of exchanging things (_Tauschmittel_) so that goods can be moved (_Güterverkehr_). Additionally, Menger viewed gold and silver as a way of exchange because of how rare these things are.

## Infobox (economist)

- **school tradition**: Austrian school of economics, Austrian school
- **image**: Carl Menger.jpg
- **caption**: Carl Menger von Wolfensgrün, founder of the Austrian school
- **name**: Carl Menger von Wolfensgrün
- **birth place**: Nowy Sącz, Neu Sandez, Galicia (eastern Europe), Galicia, Austrian Empire
(now Nowy Sącz, Poland)
- **death place**: Vienna, Republic of Austria (1919–1934), Austria
- **resting place**: Vienna Central Cemetery
- **nationality**: Austrian
- **field**: Economics
- **alma mater**: Charles University, Prague
University of Vienna
Jagiellonian University
- **contributions**: Marginal utility, subjective theory of value
Abydosaurus

**Abydosaurus** is one of the few sauropods known from skull material, with the first described complete skull for a Cretaceous sauropod from the Americas. It is also notable for its narrow teeth, as earlier brachiosaurus had broader teeth.

_Abydosaurus_ is based on the holotype DINO 16488, a nearly complete skull and lower jaws with the first four neck vertebrae. Abundant skull and postcranial bones were found at the same site, including partial skulls from three additional individuals, a partial hip and associated tail vertebrae, a shoulder blade, an upper arm bone, and hand bones. These fossils were found in a sandstone bed at the base of the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, near the old visitor center of Dinosaur National Monument. Zircons from mudstones beneath the bone-bearing sandstone indicate the age of the sandstone and its contained bones is less than 104.46 ± 0.95 million years, in the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous.

_Abydosaurus_ was named in 2010 by Daniel Chure and colleagues. The genus name is a reference to Egyptian mythology: Abydos is the Greek name for a city on the Nile where the head and neck of Osiris were buried, while the holotype of _Abydosaurus_ consists of a head and neck found in rocks overlooking the Green River. The type species is _A. mcintoshi_ in honor of John S. ("Jack") McIntosh, Professor of Physics, Emeritus, Wesleyan University, and his contributions to Dinosaur National Monument and the study of sauropod dinosaurs.
2024 Vanderbilt Commodores football team

The **2024 Vanderbilt Commodores football team** are the representatives of Vanderbilt University in college football for the 2024 NCAA Division I FBS football season. A member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), the Vanderbilt Commodores are led by Clark Lea in his fourth season as head coach.

In the preseason, the Commodores were predicted to finish last place in the SEC by the SEC media poll. Despite this, they are currently 2–1 in SEC games after a historic 40–35 upset victory over No. 1 Alabama and a road win against the Kentucky Wildcats. They are 5th in the SEC. Overall, the Vanderbilt Commodores are 5–2, also having wins against Virginia Tech, Alcorn State, and Ball state. Following their win against Ball State, Vanderbilt was ranked No. 25 in the AP poll for their first appearance in the top 25 since the 2013 season.

## Preseason

In the preseason, the Vanderbilt Commodores found a new starting quarterback in Diego Pavia. Pavia previously played for the New Mexico State Aggies, garnering national attention for leading the 2023 Aggies to an upset victory over the 2023 Auburn Tigers. Also from New Mexico State, Jerry Kill and Tim Beck joined the Commodores as offensive coordinators.

### vs. Virginia Tech

On August 31, 2024, the Commodores played at home against the Virginia Tech Hokies. Vanderbilt defeated the Hokies 34–27 in overtime after Pavia scored a 4-yard rushing touchdown.

### vs. Ball State

On October 19, 2024, the Commodores played at home against the Ball State Cardinals. Vanderbilt defeated the Cardinals 24–14, scoring two touchdowns and three field goals. In the subsequent AP poll, Vanderbilt was ranked No. 25, marking their first appearance in the top 25 since the 2013 season.

### vs. No. 5 Texas

On October 26, 2024, the Commodores will play at home against the Texas Longhorns. This will be the first matchup between Vanderbilt and Texas since 1928, when the Commodores won in order to lead the series 8–3–1. This will also be the first matchup between Vanderbilt and Texas as SEC members.

## Infobox (college sports team season)

- **year**: 2024
- **team**: Vanderbilt Commodores
- **conference**: Southeastern Conference
- **record**: 5–2
- **short conf**: SEC
- **conf record**: 2–1
- **mode**: football
- **head coach**: Clark Lea (4th season)
- **off coach**: Tim Beck (1st season)
- **image**: Vanderbilt_Commodores_(2022)_logo.svg
- **def coach**: Steve Gregory (1st season)
- **stadium**: FirstBank Stadium
- **aprank**: 25
- **coachrank**: 25
Buddhist socialism

**Buddhist socialism** is an ideology that blends Buddhist principles with socialist ideals. It seeks to harmonize the Buddhist values of compassion, non-violence, and mindfulness with socialism’s emphasis on equality, collective ownership, and social justice. The core idea behind Buddhist socialism is to create a society where material needs are met without promoting excessive consumerism, greed, or exploitation, aligning economic policies with ethical and spiritual principles.
Star Wars Outlaws

**Star Wars Outlaws** is an new videogame of Star Wars, to the sequel is the Star Wars Outlaws 2 (2027), This new videogame was released for PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X and Series S and Microsoft Windows on August 30, 2024.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Star Wars Outlaws
- **developer**: LucasArts
- **platforms**: PlayStation 5
Xbox Series X and Series S
Microsoft Windows
- **genre**: Adventure
- **display**: DualSense
Xbox Wireless Controller
- **series**: Star Wars (videogames franchise), Star Wars
Antonio Skármeta

**Esteban Antonio Skármeta Vranicic** (November 7, 1940 – October 15, 2024) was a Chilean novelist, screenwriter and director. His parents were Croatian immigrants from Brač, Dalmatia. Skármeta was born in Antofagasta, Chile.

Skármeta was known for his novel _Ardiente paciencia_ (1985). He was awarded Chile's National Literature Prize in 2014. He taught at Colorado College in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

His unpublished play _El Plebiscito_ was the inspiration for the 2012 movie _No_. His 2010 novel _Un padre de película_ was the basis of _O Filme da Minha Vida_.

From 2000 to 2003, Skármeta was the Chilean Ambassador to Germany.

Skármeta was diagnosed with stomach cancer in 2016. He died on October 15, 2024 from cancer and Alzheimer's disease in Santiago, Chile at the age of 83.

## Other websites

- Antonio Skármeta (literaturfestival.com)
Forbes (disambiguation)

**Forbes** is an American business magazine.

**Forbes** might also refer to:

- Forbes, New South Wales
- Forbes (band)
Chopsticks landing

A **chopsticks landing** is a way to catch and land a very big rocket. It was first done by SpaceX with their SpaceX Starship rocket in 2024. The name "chopsticks" comes from the two big arms that catch the rocket, which look a bit like chopsticks used for eating.

## How it works

In a chopsticks landing, two big metal arms catch the rocket as it comes back to Earth. These arms are part of a tall tower. They move to grab the rocket and slow it down. This is different from how rockets used to land, which was often on their own legs or in the sea.

The chopsticks can also lift the rocket and put it on the launch pad. This makes it easier to use the rocket again.

## Alternate names

This method is also called the **Mechazilla catch** or the **booster catching system**. Some people call it the **catching arms landing** or **mechanical arm recovery** because the arms do the job of catching. Others may call it the **tower catch landing** or the **Super Heavy catch system** since it involves the tower catching the Super Heavy Booster. All these names describe the same idea of using arms to safely land the rocket without legs.

## First chopsticks landing

SpaceX, a company that makes rockets, did the first chopsticks landing with their Starship rocket. This happened on October 13, 2024. It was a big step for space travel because it showed a new way to land very big rockets.

## Why it matters

Chopsticks landings are important for a few reasons:
- They can catch bigger rockets than before.
- They make it easier to use rockets again.
- They might make space travel cheaper.
Mike Jackson (British Army officer)

General **Sir Michael David Jackson**,  (21 March 1944 – 15 October 2024) was a British Army officer. He was one of its most high-profile generals since the Second World War.

He began as an Intelligence Corps in 1963. He then transferred to the Parachute Regiment in 1970, serving in Northern Ireland. He was present during the events of the Ballymurphy massacre (1971) and then at Bloody Sunday in 1972.

He also responded to the aftermath of the Warrenpoint ambush in 1979. He was assigned to a staff post at the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in 1982. He became the commander of the 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment, in 1984.

Jackson was posted to Northern Ireland for the third time, as a brigade commander, in the early 1990s.

Jackson died on 15 October 2024 from prostate cancer at the age of 80.

## Infobox (military person)

- **honorific prefix**: General (British Army), General
- **name**: Sir Mike Jackson
- **image**: GeneralSirMikeJackson cropped (cropped).jpg
- **alt**: The head and shoulders of a white man in a dark suit and tie with dark, greying hair.
- **caption**: Jackson in 2009
- **birth place**: Sheffield, England
- **allegiance**: United Kingdom
- **branch**: British Army
- **serviceyears**: 1963–2006
- **rank**: General (United Kingdom), General
- **servicenumber**: 475176
- **commands**: Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom), Chief of the General Staff
Commander-in-Chief, Land Forces, Land Command
Allied Rapid Reaction Corps
3rd Mechanised Division (United Kingdom), 3rd Mechanised Division
39th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom), 39th Infantry Brigade
1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment
- **battles**: * The Troubles
* Yugoslav Wars
** Kosovo War
- **awards**: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Distinguished Service Order
Mentioned in Despatches
- **laterwork**: Lecturer, consultant
Fadaei

**Ashkan Saranjam** (Persian: اشکان سرانجام; born 5 December 1989), known professionally as **Fadaei** (Persian: فدائی), is an Iranian rapper, singer, and songwriter. He is member of Moltafet music group. Fadaei's songs often have political and anti-Islamic Republic of Iran themes.

## Career

He started his work by releasing "Iran Iran" a year after the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests mentioning the killing of Neda Agha-Soltan and the 2009 Kahrizak Detention Center disaster.

### Albums

- _Adl (2012)_
- _Hagh (2022)_
- _Eshgh (2024)_

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Fadaei
- **native name**: فدائی
- **native name lang**: fa
- **birth name**: Ashkan Saranjam
- **birth place**: Tehran, Iran
- **years active**: 2009–Present
- **label**: Spotify , Moltafet
Soulja Boy discography

The is the discography of American rapper and producer Soulja Boy.
Mary Brunner

**Mary Brunner** is a former member of the Manson Family cult who was led by criminal, and cult leader Charles Manson. She was born in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. She went to the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She was present during the 1969 murder of Gary Hinman. She was held at the California Institution for Women before she was paroled in 1977.
Leucostethus fugax

The **Pastaza rocket frog** (_Leucostethus fugax_) is a frog.  It lives in Ecuador.

## Body

The adult male frog is about 17.9–19.5 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 19.3–20.1 mm long.  The belly is cream-white in color. There is a line down each side of the body starting at the eye. There are some marks on the chest and throat.

## Name

Scientists gave this frog the name _fugax_ because that is the Latin word for "fugitive," or "runaway." They gave it this name because the frogs jumped out of the scientists' hands, especially Juan A. Rivero's.

## Home

Scientists saw this frog in tropical forests on hills, forest that has never been cut down and in forest that has been cut down and is growing back. They saw it  between 210 and 700 meters above sea level.

The frog lives near a protected place, Reserva Biológica El Quimi, and scientists think the frog might live inside it.

## Young

Scientists did not see the female frog lay eggs, but they think the tadpoles swim in streams because that is what other tadpoles in _Leucostethus_ do.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in some danger of dying out. People change the places where it lives to farms and places for animals to eat grass and to cut wood to build with. People also dig into the ground for copper and cold. This stops forests and makes bad chemicals that can hurt the frog and other living things.
Leslie Van Houten

**Leslie Van Houten** is a former member of the Manson Family and was released from prison on parole in 2023.
47171 Lempo

**47171 Lempo** or as trinary **47171 Lempo/Hiisi/Paha** (previously known by its designation **1999 TC36**) is a plutino and a possible dwarf planet. It was found in 1 October 1999 by a team led. Like Pluto and other Trans-Neptunian objects, it stays in 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune. It has a diameter of 272 km, while Hiisi has one of 252 km, and Paha has one of 206 km. It was named after Lempo, a finnish god of fertility and love in the underworld.

## Discovery

Lempo was discovered by a team led by Mike Brown on 1 October 1999.

## Hiisi

Hiisi orbits the Trans-Neptunian object itself. It has a diameter of 252 km.

## Paha

Paha orbits the Trans-Neptunian object itself. It has a diameter of 202 km.

## Related pages

- 38628 Huya
- (15874) 1996 TL66
- (15789) 1993 SC
- 79360 Sila-Nunam
- 541132 Leleākūhonua
- 148780 Altjira
- 65489 Ceto
- 53311 Deucalion
- 2011 KT19
- 15760 Albion
Ashraf Ali Thanwi

**Ashraf Ali Thanvi** was a scholar of the Deobandi movement who was one of the central figures of religious life in South Asia and continues to be highly influential. He wrote many works such as _Amal e-Qurani_, a famous book that features Qur'an-based spells such as one to cause separation and dislike for two people.

He was a graduate of Darul Uloom Deoband, where he studied the Hanafi madhab and Sufism. That ended in him becoming one of the top scholars of the Deobandi movement. After his studies at at the seminary, he moved to Kanpur and then to Thana Bhawan, where he died.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific prefix**: Hakim al-Ummat, Mujaddid, Mujaddidul Millat
- **name**: Ashraf Ali Thanwi
- **native name**: اشْرَفُ عَلَى تِهَانَوَى
- **native name lang**: ur
- **birth name**: Abd al-Ghani
- **birth place**: Thana Bhawan, Muzaffarnagar, Presidencies and provinces of British India, British India
- **spouse**: 2
- **alma mater**: Darul Uloom Deoband
- **death place**: Thana Bhawan, Muzaffarnagar, Presidencies and provinces of British India, British India
Peter Sonski 2024 presidential campaign

The American Solidarity Party (ASP) candidate for 2024 is Peter Sonski, a former radio host, journalist and marine. Sonski won the ASP primary and nomination of the party for President of the United States on June 3, 2023. The primary was through online. The vice presidential nominee, Lauren Onak, was selected by Sonski before the national convention in early July.

the party is on the ballot in Arkansas, Alaska, Florida, Ohio, Hawaii, Louisiana and Mississippi and is a registered write in a further 36 states.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **logo**: American Solidarity Party 2024 Campaign Logo.png
- **committee**: Peter Sonski 2024 presidential campaign
- **affiliation**: American Solidarity Party
- **candidate**: **Peter Sonski**
**Lauren Onak**
- **campaign**: 2024 United States presidential election
- **website**: https://www.petersonski.com
- **status**: Official nominee: June 2, 2023