Socialist Party of Canada

The **Socialist Party of Canada** (**SPC**) was a political party that existed from 1904 to 1925. Their leader was E. T. Kingsley. The party wrote and published the newspaper _Western Clarion_.

### Establishment

The Socialist Party of Canada was created at the Socialist Party of British Columbia's 4th convention in 1904. The people at the convention wanted to make a new political party. They saw that other socialist parties in other provinces were accepted. The party was formed and met for the first time on February 19, 1905.

The party was mostly Marxist and wanted to take over capitalism through military political actions. Because of this goal, it did not accept compromises from trade unionism and smaller political reforms.

### Party manifesto and membership

The party's manifesto was its most important work. The manifesto wrote about class struggle and exploitation of work.

The SPC was a network of smaller organizations. The headquarters of the SPC were in British Columbia. The leaders of the SPC were also mostly British Columbians.

The SPC was mostly Marxist. However, not all of the members were Marxist. There were also social democrats, trade unionists, and left-leaning people. There were many differences in opinions, which led to many schisms (or splits) such as the creation of the Social Democratic Party of Canada and the Socialist Party of North America.

Until World War I, the SPC was the 3rd largest party in Canada.

### World War I and aftermath

The SPC did not want Canada to enter World War I. This opinion was was unpopular. It was often harassed from the government. For example, police killed Ginger Goodwin in 1918 who was trying to avoid conscription.

In 1918, the _Western Clarion_ was banned by the government. On January 11, 1919, the party made a new newspaper, called _The Red Flag_. This was made to avoid the ban of the _Western Clarion_. The ban ended in 1920.

Many SPC supporters started to believe in Bolshevism after the Russian Revolution and the Winnipeg General Strike. However, other supporters started to believe in evolutionary socialism, also called gradualist socialism.

Some of the leaders of the Winnipeg General Strike were SPC members. After the strike, some of the leaders were put on trial. This happened to George Armstrong and William Pritchard.

In 1921, most of the Marxist SPC members left to join the Workers Party.

In 1925, the Socialist Party of Canada ended. Many of the people who were still in the party joined the Independent Labour Party.

### General elections

|Year|SPC Candidates|Votes|Popular vote||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1904 federal election|align=right|3|align=right|1,794|align=right|0.18%|
|1908 federal election|align=right|5|align=right|6,071|align=right|0.52%|
|1911 federal election|align=right|6|align=right|4,574|align=right|0.35%|
|1921 federal election|align=right|1|align=right|3,094|align=right|0.10%|
|1925 federal election|align=right|1|align=right|1,888|align=right|0.06%|
|1926 federal election|align=right|1|align=right|672|align=right|0.02%|

## SPC Publications

- _Socialism, Revolution and Internationalism._ Gabriel Deville. 1893/1907. Also published in the SPC's _Red Flag_ series, no. 1.
- _Manifesto of the Socialist Party of Canada._ 1st edition, 1910. 4th edition, 1916. 5th edition, 1920.
- _Constitution and Bylaws of the Socialist Party of Canada._ 1910.
- _The Proletarian in Politics._ C.M. O'Brien. 1910.
- _The Struggle for Existence._ Gerald Desmond. 1911.
- _Socialism and Unionism._ Donald G. McKenzie. 1911.
- _What is Socialism?_ W. E. Hardenburg. 1912.
- _The Way to Power._ J. B. Osborne. 1913.
- _Wage Worker and Farmer._ J. Pilkington. 1914.
- _The Slave of the Farm._  Alf Budden. 1914/1918.
- _Economic Causes of War._ Peter T. Leckie, reprinted from _The Western Clarion,_ March-November, 1920.

## Bibliography

- Angus, Ian. 2006. "A Party of A New Type: The Socialist Party of Canada and the Birth of Canadian Communism." _Marxism: A Socialist Annual_ 4: 66-74.
- Campbell, Peter. 1992. "'Making Socialists': Bill Pritchard, the Socialist Party of Canada, and the Third International." _Labour/Le Travail_ 30: 45-63.
- Campbell, Peter. 2000. _Canadian Marxists and the Search for a Third Way._ McGill-Queen's University Press.
- Campbell, Peter. 2021. "Let Us Rise: Dialectical Thinking, the Commodification of Labour Power, and the Legacy of the Socialist Party of Canada." _Labour/Le Travail_ 87: 93-120.
- Frank, David, and Nolan Reilly. 1979. "The Emergence of the Socialist Movement in the Maritimes, 1899-1916." _Labour/Le Travail_ 4: 85-92, 94-113.
- Friesen, Gerald. 1976. "'Yours in Revolt': The Socialist Party of Canada and the Western Canadian Labour Movement." _Labour/Le Travail_ 1: 139-57.
- Kawecki, Adam T. 1980. _Canadian Socialism and the Origin of the Communist Party of Canada, 1900-1922._ MA thesis. McMaster University.
- Malhotra, Ravi, and Benjamin Islett. 2021. _Able to Lead: Disablement, Radicalism, and the Political Life of E.T. Kingsley._ UBC Press.
- Martynowich, Orest T. 1977. "The Ukrainian Socialist Movement in Canada." _Journal of Ukrainian Studies_ 1: no. 1, 27-44 (Part 1); 2:  no. 1,  22-31 (Part 2).
- McCormack, A. Ross. 1977. _Reformers, Rebels and Revolutionaries: The Western Canadian Radical Movement 1899-1919._ University of Toronto Press.
- McKay, Ian. 2008. _Reasoning Otherwise: Leftists and the People's Enlightenment in Canada,1890-1920._ Between the Lines.
- Milne, J.M. (Jim). 1973. "History of the Socialist Party of Canada.". Socialist History Project. 39 pages.
- Newell, Peter E. 2008. _The Impossibilists: A Brief Profile of the Socialist Party of Canada._ Athena Press.
- Robin, Martin. 1968. _Radical Politics and Canadian Labour._ Queen's University, Industrial Relations Centre.
- Troop, George R. 1922. _Socialism in Canada._ MA thesis. McGill University.

## Other websites

- The Impossibilists — A short history with selections from the press of the Socialist Party of Canada and the One Big Union, 1906–1938
- _Western Clarion_ ()
- _The Red Flag_ (OCLC 874024291)

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Socialist Party of Canada
- **logo**: Socialist Party of Canada (1904–1925) logo.png
- **leader**: E.T. Kingsley
- **founder**: E.T. Kingsley
- **headquarters**: Victoria, British Columbia
- **newspaper**: _Western Clarion_ (1903–1918, 1920–1925), _The Red Flag_ (1919)
- **colours**: Red
- **colorcode**: Red
- **country**: Canada