juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Branch Rickey

**Wesley Branch Rickey** (December 20, 1881 – December 9, 1965) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) executive. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1967.

He was best known for breaking Major League Baseball's color barrier by signing African American player Jackie Robinson, for drafting the first Afro-Hispanic superstar, Roberto Clemente, for creating the framework for the modern minor league farm system, for encouraging the Major Leagues to add new teams through his involvement in the proposed Continental League, and for introducing the batting helmet.

## Further reading

- _Branch Rickey: Baseball's Ferocious Gentleman_, by Lee Lowenfish (University of Nebraska Press); winner of the Seymour Medal for 2008, nominee for 2007 CASEY Award, Roy Kaplan's Baseball Bookshelf
- _Branch Rickey: A Biography_ by Murray Polner Atheneum; Signet; and MacFarland, publishers
- _Branch Rickey_ by Jimmy Breslin; Viking 2011
Oblivion (2013 movie)

***Oblivion*** is a 2013 American science-fiction movie directed by Joseph Kosinski. It stars Tom Cruise, Morgan Freeman, Andrea Riseborough, Olga Kurylenko, and Melissa Leo. The movie was released in the U.S. on April 19, 2013.
Red Barber

**Walter Lanier "Red" Barber** (February 17, 1908 – October 22, 1992) was an American sports commentator.

Barber, nicknamed _"The Ol' Redhead"_, by the radio broadcasts of Major League Baseball. He broadcasted for forty years with the Cincinnati Reds (193438), Brooklyn Dodgers (19391953), and New York Yankees (19541966).

## Other websites

- Baseball Memories: The Red Barber Centennial - NPR Morning Edition Feb. 15, 2008
- Fan essay on Red Barber
- Baseball Hall of Fame - Frick Award recipient
- Red Barber Collection at University of Florida's George A. Smathers Libraries
- Red Barber Radio Scholarship
- Audio: Barber calls Cookie Lavagetto's base hit in Game 4 of the 1947 World Series
- Audio: Barber calls Al Gionfriddo's catch in Game 6 of the 1947 World Series

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Red Barber
- **image**: Red Barber.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **birth name**: Walter Lanier Barber
- **birth date**: February 17, 1908
- **birth place**: Columbus, Mississippi
- **death place**: Tallahassee, Florida
- **alma mater**: University of Florida
- **occupation**: American sportscaster
- **nationality**: American
Efraín Ríos Montt

**José Efraín Ríos Montt** (; June 16, 1926 – April 1, 2018) was a Guatemalan politician. He was President of Guatemala from 1982 to 1983. An army general, his time in office was marked by the Guatemalan Civil War. Years later, he served as president of Congress. His daughter is former congresswoman and presidential candidate Zury Ríos.

Ríos Montt died in Guatemala City on April 1, 2018 of a heart attack at the age of 91.

## Other websites

- Biography by CIDOB

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birth name**: José Efraín Ríos Montt
- **image**: Efrain Rios Montt (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Montt during his trial
- **order**: 26th President of Guatemala
- **term start**: March 23, 1982
- **term end**: August 8, 1983
- **predecessor**: Fernando Romeo Lucas García
- **successor**: Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores
- **birth place**: Huehuetenango, Guatemala
- **death place**: Guatemala City, Guatemala
- **spouse**: María Teresa Sosa Ávila
- **party**: Guatemalan Republican Front
Stockdale, Ohio

**Stockdale** is an unincorporated community in southern Marion Township, Pike County, Ohio, United States. Its zip code is 45683.
Sana Bukas pa ang Kahapon

***Sana Bukas pa ang Kahapon*** is a Philippine television drama series. It is broadcast by ABS-CBN starring Bea Alonzo.

## Cast

- **Bea Alonzo** as Rose Buenavista-Salvador / Atty. Emmanuelle Gaspar-Romero
- **Paulo Avelino** as Patrick Salvador
- **Albert Martinez** as Leo Romero
- **Susan Roces** as Ruth Gaspar
- **Anita Linda** as Lola Patchi
- **Eddie Garcia** as Magno Ruiz
- **Dina Bonnevie** as Laura Bayle-Buenavista
- **Tonton Gutierrez** as Carlos Syquia / Señor Muerte
- **Maricar Reyes** as Sasha Syquia-Salvador
- **Miguel Vergara** as Francisco Miguel "Kit" Romero
- **Michelle Vito** as Violet Buenavista
- **Francis Magundayao** as Sebastian Syquia
- **Malou Crisologo** as Yaya Divine
- **Nikki Valdez** as Rocky Gomez
- **Ben Isaac** as Banjo
- **Angeline Quinto** as Angie
- **Rolly Inocencio** as Buenavista family attorney
- **Jong Cuenco** as Mr. Abueva
- **Jordan Herrera** as Ramon
- **Art Acuña**
- **Jon Lucas** as Jester
- **Yves Flores**
- **Chienna Filomeno** as Pauleen
- **Elisse Joson** as Erica
- **Paulo Angeles** as Ryan
- **Joem Bascon** as Gerald
- **Bembol Roco** as Fidel de Guzman
- **Chinggoy Alonzo** as Henry Buenavista
- **Christian Vasquez** as young Henry Buenavista
- **Precious Lara Quigaman** as Jasmine Ruiz-Buenavista
- **Dominic Ochoa** as Emmanuelle's father
- **Dimples Romana** as Emmanuelle's mother
- **William Lorenzo** as Carlos' father
- **Alexandra Macanan** as young Rose Buenavista
- **Dexie Daulat** as young Emmanuelle Gaspar
- **Nathaniel Britt** as young Leo Romero
- **Dominic Roque** as teenage Leo Romero
- **Yayo Aguila** as young Ruth Gaspar
- **Ricardo Cepeda** as young Magno Ruiz
- **Bangs Garcia** as young adult Laura Bayle
- **Ron Morales** as young adult Carlos Syquia
- **Yogo Singh** as young Carlos Syquia

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (television)

- **alt name**: Tomorrow Belongs to Me
 Attack on Chocolate
- **genre**: Suspense, Family, Romance (love), Romance, Business, Mystery fiction, Mystery, Revenge
- **creator**: Rondel P. Lindayag
 Reggie Amigo
- **creative director**: Johnny delos Santos
- **developer**: Roldeo T. Endrinal
 Julie Anne R. Benitez
- **director**: Jerome C. Pobocan
 Trina N. Dayrit
- **writer**: Philip King
 Reggie Amigo
- **executive producer**: Jennifer Soliman-Bolalin
- **producer**: Emerald C. Suarez
- **editor**: Jay Mendoza
- **starring**: Bea Alonzo
 Paulo Avelino
 Maricar Reyes
 Albert Martinez
 Dina Bonnevie
 Tonton Gutierrez
 Susan Roces
 Eddie Garcia
 Anita Linda
- **opentheme**: _Sana Bukas pa ang Kahapon_
 by Angeline Quinto
- **composer**: George Canseco
- **country**: Philippines
- **language**: Filipino language, Filipino, English language, English
- **location**: Philippines
- **runtime**: 30-45 minutes
 Monday - Friday at 21:15 (PST)
- **narrated**: Bea Alonzo as Rose
- **network**: ABS-CBN
- **company**: Dreamscape Entertainment TV
- **list episodes**: 84
Chuck Noll

**Charles Henry** "**Chuck**" **Noll** (January 5, 1932 – June 13, 2014) was an American football player and coach in the National Football League (NFL). He played for Cleveland Browns from 1953 to 1959. He was the only head coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1969 to 1991. He has more Super Bowl wins (4) than any other head coach in NFL history, and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1993.

Noll was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He went to the University of Dayton on a football scolarship.

Noll died on June 13, 2014 in Sewickley, Pennsylvania, aged 82. He had Alzheimer's disease and heart disease.

## Other websites

- Chuck Noll at Pro Football Hall of Fame
Kyrie Irving

**Kyrie Andrew Irving** (; born March 23, 1992) is an Australian born-American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He formerly played for the Cleveland Cavaliers, Brooklyn Nets and the Boston Celtics. He has 2 nephews Navion Flowers and Kenyan Mackroy.

Kyrie Irving also has 2 nephews, Navion Flowers and Kenyan Mackroy.

On October 1, 2023, Irving began his run for vice president with Jason Karroll in the 2024 Libertarian Party.

## Infobox (basketball biography)

- **name**: Kyrie Irving
- **image**: Kyrie Irving during the 2016 NBA Champions victory parade.jpg
- **caption**: Irving in 2016
- **position**: Point guard
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1.5
- **weight lbs**: 183
- **league**: National Basketball Association, NBA
- **team**: Dallas Mavericks
- **number**: 11
- **nationality**: American
- **birth place**: Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia
- **highschool**: *Montclair Kimberley Academy
(Montclair, New Jersey)
*St. Patrick High School (New Jersey), St. Patrick
(Elizabeth, New Jersey)
- **college**: Duke Blue Devils men's basketball, Duke (2010–2011)
- **draft year**: 2011
- **draft round**: 1
- **draft pick**: 1
- **draft team**: Cleveland Cavaliers
- **career start**: 2011
- **years1**: –
- **team1**: Cleveland Cavaliers
- **years2**: –
- **team2**: Boston Celtics
- **years3**: –
- **team3**: Brooklyn Nets
- **team4**: Dallas Mavericks
- **highlights**: * NBA champion (2016 NBA Finals, 2016)
* 7× List of NBA All-Stars, NBA All-Star (–, ––)
* NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award, NBA All-Star Game MVP ()
* All-NBA Second Team ()
* All-NBA Third Team ()
* NBA Rookie of the Year Award, NBA Rookie of the Year ()
* NBA All-Rookie First Team ()
* NBA Three-Point Shootout champion ()
* USA Basketball Male Athlete of the Year (2014)
* FIBA World Cup MVP (2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup, 2014)
- **nba profile**: kyrie_irving
- **bbr**: irvinky01
H II region

An **H II region** is a region where huge blue stars are formed from hydrogen. They are named after the ionised atomic hydrogen which they produce: H II.

The stars form inside a large cloud of hydrogen gas. The short-lived blue stars formed in these regions give off huge amounts of ultraviolet light. This ionizes the surrounding gas.

H II regions can be several hundred light-years across. The first known H II region was the Orion nebula, which was discovered in 1610. These regions have extremely varied shapes. They often appear clumpy and filamentary, sometimes showing bizarre shapes such as the Horsehead nebula.

H II regions give birth to thousands of stars over several million years. Eventually, this produces a  star cluster. In the end, supernova explosions and strong stellar winds from the most massive stars blow away the gases of the H II region. This leaves behind a cluster of stars such as the Pleiades.

H II regions can be seen at huge distances in the universe.The study of extragalactic H II regions helps to fix the distance and chemical composition of other galaxies.

Spiral and irregular galaxies have many H II regions, while elliptical galaxies have almost none. In spiral galaxies, like the Milky Way, H II regions are found in the spiral arms, but in the irregular galaxies they are distributed at random.

Some galaxies have huge H II regions, with tens of thousands of stars. Examples include the 30 Doradus region in the Large Magellanic Cloud and NGC 604 in the Triangulum galaxy.
OB star

**OB stars** are hot, massive blue stars. They are stars of types O or B in the HertzsprungRussell diagram.

Like other giant star<nowiki/>s they are short lived, and do not move far from where they were formed. During their lifetime, they emit huge amounts of ultraviolet radiation. This radiation ionizes the surrounding interstellar gas of the nebula, forming an H II region.

## Other websites

- Scientia Astrophysical Organization's star classification page. http://www.astrophysical.org/starclassification.php
- Philippe Stee's homepage: Hot and active stars research
Sieve

A **sieve** is a device that is able to separate particles of different sizes. The most primitive sieve has holes of a given size, so that the particles that are smaller than the size will fall through, while those that are bigger will not. This is used in cooking to separate liquids from solids.
Grey market

A **grey market** (or **parallel market**) is a market where goods are sold legally, but outside the commonly-used channels and at lower prices. They are sold without the permission of the manufacturer. Consumers buying grey market goods risk not having warranties honored. They risk getting user guides and software in the wrong language. Packages may not include all accessories needed for a particular market. Sometimes grey market goods are sold without packaging, user guides or needed accessories. There is usually no after-sale support for products. Grey market products are often sold via the Internet without charging customers any sales tax. Products sold by grey marketers generally sell for much less than authorized dealers. This causes a loss of tax revenue to governments.
Def by Temptation

***Def by Temptation*** is a horror movie of 1990. The movie is set in New York City. It is about two friends who move in together. Samuel L. Jackson plays a father.

This movie was released in March 1990.
Consumption (economics)

**Consumption** is a major concept from economics. Consumers spend all their income. Some of this income is spent on buying the products and services they need - this is called consumption. John Maynard Keynes talked about consumer spending and a** consumption function **which expresses how households spend their income. Different schools of economics define this consumption function differently, but they agree on the basic mechanism how consumption works.
Dying Young

***Dying Young*** is a 1991 American romantic drama movie. The movie is based on a novel of the same name. It is about a 28 year old leukemia patient named Victor. Julia Roberts plays Hilary, who is hired as his nurse. Ellen Burstyn plays her eccentric mother. Colleen Dewhurst plays Estelle.

It got negative reviews from the critics. It holds a 23% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Its box office intake was high.
Bandy World Championship for men

The **Bandy World Championship** is a competition between bandy-playing nations. The tournament is administered by the Federation of International Bandy.

Bandy has been played since the 19th century, but the first world championship for men were only played in 1957, and the first world championship for women were only played in 2004.

Bandy was held as a demonstration sport at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. This Olympic bandy tournament had no world championship status.

The first ever Bandy World Championship was organised in 1957. It was played at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium in Finland.

From 19612003, the bandy world championship for men were played once every two years, but since 2003 the bandy world championship for men has been played once every year.

## Past champions

- 1957  Soviet Union
- 1958 _no world championship_
- 1959 _no world championship_
- 1960 _no world championship_
- 1961  Soviet Union
- 1962 _no world championship_
- 1963  Soviet Union
- 1964 _no world championship_
- 1965  Soviet Union
- 1966 _no world championship_
- 1967  Soviet Union
- 1968 _no world championship_
- 1969  Soviet Union
- 1970 _no world championship_
- 1971  Soviet Union
- 1972 _no world championship_
- 1973  Soviet Union
- 1974 _no world championship_
- 1975  Soviet Union
- 1976 _no world championship_
- 1977  Soviet Union
- 1978 _no world championship_
- 1979  Soviet Union
- 1980 _no world championship_
- 1981  Sweden
- 1982 _no world championship_
- 1983  Sweden
- 1984 _no world championship_
- 1985  Soviet Union
- 1986 _no world championship_
- 1987  Sweden
- 1988 _no world championship_
- 1989  Soviet Union
- 1990 _no world championship_
- 1991  Soviet Union
- 1992 _no world championship_
- 1993  Sweden
- 1994 _no world championship_
- 1995  Sweden
- 1996 _no world championship_
- 1997  Sweden
- 1998 _no world championship_
- 1999  Russia
- 2000 _no world championship_
- 2001  Russia
- 2002 _no world championship_
- 2003  Sweden
- 2004  Finland
- 2005  Sweden
- 2006  Russia
- 2007  Russia
- 2008  Russia
- 2009  Sweden
- 2010  Sweden
- 2011  Russia
- 2012  Sweden
- 2013  Russia
- 2014  Russia
- 2015  Russia
- 2016  Russia
- 2017  Sweden
Patty Mills

**Patrick Sammy** "**Patty**" **Mills** (born 11 August 1988) is an Australian professional basketball player. He plays for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is the second Indigenous Australian to play basketball in the NBA (after Nathan Jawai). He is also the first person of Torres Strait Islander ancestry to play in the NBA.

Mills was born in Canberra to a Torres Strait Islander father and an Aboriginal Australian mother.
Rolf M. Zinkernagel

**Rolf Martin Zinkernagel** <small>AC, FAA</small> (born January 6, 1944) is a Swiss immunologist at the University of Zurich.

He is best known for his discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells. For his discovery, Zinkernagel shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Peter C. Doherty in 1996.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1989.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Rolf Martin Zinkernagel
- **image**: Rolf Zinkernagel Erudite Conclave medical college trivandrum.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Zinkernagel at the Erudite Conclave 2011 in Thiruvananthapuram, India
- **birth name**: Rolf Martin Zinkernagel
- **birth place**: Riehen, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
- **fields**: Immunology
- **work institutions**: University of Zurich
- **nationality**: Switzerland, Swiss
- **known for**: Cytotoxic T cells
Alfred G. Gilman

**Alfred Goodman Gilman** (July 1, 1941 – December 23, 2015) was an American pharmacologist and biochemist.

He discovered G-proteins. For his discovery, Gilman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1994. He shared the prize with Martin Rodbell

Gilman died of pancreatic cancer in Dallas, Texas on December 23, 2015 at the age of 74.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Alfred G. Gilman
- **image**: Alfred Goodman Gilman (cropped).jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **birth name**: Alfred Goodman Gilman
- **birth place**: New Haven, Connecticut, New Haven, Connecticut, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Dallas, Texas, U.S.
- **fields**: pharmacology, pharmacologist
- **work institutions**: Case Western Reserve University (MD-Ph.D., 1969)
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **known for**: Globular protein, G-proteins
Eric F. Wieschaus

**Eric Francis Wieschaus** (born June 8, 1947) is an American developmental biologist.

A lot of Wieschaus' research focuses on embryogenesis in the fruit fly _Drosophila melanogaster_ and it specifically focuses on the patterning which occurs in the early Drosophila embryo. In 1995, Wieschaus shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edward B. Lewis and Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development".

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Eric Francis Wieschaus
- **image**: Wieschaus ecal2011.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Wieschaus at 11th European Conference on Artificial Life in Paris
- **birth name**: Eric Francis Wieschaus
- **birth place**: South Bend, Indiana, South Bend, Indiana, United States, U.S.
- **fields**: Developmental biology
- **work institutions**: Princeton University
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **known for**: Drosophila embryogenesis, embryogenesis
Phạm Huỳnh Tam Lang

**Phạm Huỳnh Tam Lang** (14 February 1942 – 2 June 2014) was a Vietnamese football player and coach. He played for the teams Cho Lon Stars, Sai Gon Port and the South Vietnam national team in a twenty year career. He would later manage  Sai Gon Port.

Lang was born in Gò Công, French Indochina during World War II.

Lang died from a stroke on 2 June 2014 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, aged 75.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Phạm Huỳnh Tam Lang
- **birth place**: Gò Công, French Indochina
- **death place**: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 1953–1956
- **youthclubs1**: Cho Lon Stars
- **years1**: 1957–1960
- **clubs1**: Cho Lon Stars
- **years2**: 1961
- **clubs2**: Vietnam Thuong Tin Bank
- **years3**: 1962–1975
- **clubs3**: Association de la Jeunesse Sportive
- **years4**: 1975–1977
- **clubs4**: Cong An Ho Chi Minh City FC, Saigon Port
- **nationalyears1**: 1960–1975
- **nationalteam1**: South Vietnam national football team, South Vietnam
- **manageryears1**: 1982–2003
- **managerclubs1**: Cong An Ho Chi Minh City FC, Saigon Port
Ted Goulait

**Theodore Lee** "**Ted**" **Goulait** (August 12, 1889 – July 15, 1936) was an American baseball pitcher. He played one Major League Baseball match for the New York Giants in September 1912. He also played for many other teams in minor league competitions such as the Marion Diggers, the Springfield Reapers, the Toronto Maple Leafs, the Wilkes-Barre Barons and the Memphis Chicks. He was born in St. Clair, Michigan.

Goulait died on July 15, 1936 in his hometown of St. Clair. He was 46.
Stanley B. Prusiner

**Stanley Benjamin Prusiner** (born May 28, 1942) is an American neurologist and biochemist. Prusiner currently works at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) as the director of the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Prusiner won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1997 "for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection". He also won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1994.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Stanley B. Prusiner
- **image**: Prusiner 1.JPG
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Prusiner in 2007
- **birth name**: Stanley Benjamin Prusiner
- **birth place**: Des Moines, Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa, United States, U.S.
- **fields**: Neurology, infectious disease
- **work institutions**: University of California, Berkeley
University of California, San Francisco
- **alma mater**: University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **known for**: Prions
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Nuon Chea

**Nuon Chea** (; 7 July 1926 – 4 August 2019) was a Cambodian communist politician. He was also known as **Long Bunruot** () and **Brother Number Two**. He was the second most powerful person in the Khmer Rouge, which committed the Cambodian genocide.

Nuon Chea was the chief ideologist of the Khmer Rouge regime. When he died in 2019, he was the highest-ranking member of the Khmer Rouge who was still alive.

## Life

He was born in 1926 and was given the name Lao Kim Lorn.  He studied law at Thammasat University in Bangkok, Thailand. There, he became a member of the Thai Communist Party. Nuon Chea was the second most powerful person in the Khmer Rouge, after Pol Pot. For this reason, he was called _Brother Number Two_.

## Conviction

Nuon Chea was arrested in 2007, along with other Khmer Rouge leaders. He was put on trial for crimes against humanity and genocide. He was tried with another important Khmer Rouge leader, Khieu Samphan.

In 2014, Nuon Chea was sentenced to life in prison for his crimes against humanity. Later, in November 2018, he was convicted of the crime of genocide. He appealed his prison sentences, but died before the appeals were completed. After he died, his lawyers tried to get his guilty convictions removed, but they did not succeed.

## Death

Nuon Chea died on August 4, 2019 at the Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital in Phnom Penh, aged 93. Though he was still in prison, he had been hospitalized since July 2 because his body was not delivering blood properly to his toe. As a result, his toe got infected. The infection spread to his bloodstream, and he developed a septic shock. This killed him, probably by causing several of his organs to fail.

### Cremation

His body was later brought to Sala Krau, Pailin, before cremation according to Buddhist tradition, a religion he persecuted.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Nuon Chea on 31 October 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Nuon Chea on trial.
- **name**: Nuon Chea
- **order**: List of Presidents of the National Assembly of Cambodia, President of the Standing Committee of the Kampuchean People's Representative Assembly
- **president**: Khieu Samphan
- **primeminister**: Pol Pot
- **deputy**: Ta Mok, Chhit Choeun
- **leader**: Pol Pot (General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea, General Secretary)
- **term start**: 13 April 1976
- **term end**: 7 January 1979
- **predecessor**: Position established
- **successor**: Position abolished
- **order2**: Prime Minister of Cambodia, Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea
- **term start2**: 27 September 1976
- **term end2**: 25 October 1976
- **president2**: Khieu Samphan
- **leader2**: Pol Pot (General Secretary)
- **predecessor2**: Pol Pot
- **successor2**: Pol Pot
- **birth name**: Lau Kim Lorn
- **birth place**: Voat Kor, Battambang Province, Battambang, French Indochina (now Cambodia)
- **death place**: Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- **alma mater**: Thammasat University
- **spouse**: Ly Kimseng
- **children**: Nuon Say, 2 other children
- **party**: Communist Party of Kampuchea, Communist Party
Clarion, Illinois

**Clarion** is an unincorporated community in Bureau County, Illinois. It is southwest from Mendota, Illinois.
Géry Leuliet

**Géry-Jacques-Charles Leuliet** (12 January 1910 – 1 January 2015) was a French prelate of the Roman Catholic Church and the oldest bishop of the Catholic Church at 104 years of age.

Leuliet was born in Richebourg-l'Avoué. He was ordained to the priesthood on 8 July 1933, in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arras. He was appointed Bishop of Amiens on 14 February 1963 and received his episcopal consecration on 9 May 1963.

Leuliet retired on 15 January 1985 and turned 100 on 12 January 2010 as the bishop's dean in France. Upon the death of Nguyen Van Thien on 13 May 2012, he became the oldest bishop in the world.

## Other websites

- Catholic-Hierarchy
- Diocese Site  (French)
Peter Leo Gerety

**Peter Leo Gerety** (July 19, 1912 – September 20, 2016) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Newark from 1974 to 1986, having previously served as Bishop of Portland (1969–74). At age 104, he was the oldest living Catholic bishop in the United States and the oldest living Catholic archbishop in the world until his death in 2016.

He died in Totowa, New Jersey, on September 20, 2016, and was the world's oldest living Catholic bishop at the time.
Bernard Ferdinand Popp

**Bernard Ferdinand Popp** (December 6, 1917 – June 27, 2014) was an American Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.

Popp was born in Nada, Texas in 1917. He was ordained a priest on February 24, 1943 in San Antonio, Texas. Popp was appointed Auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of San Antonio Texas along with Titular Bishop of Capsus on June 3, 1983 and consecrated July 25, 1983.

Bishop Popp retired as Auxiliary bishop of San Antonio March 23, 1993. He died on June 27, 2014, aged 96.
Bernard Joseph McLaughlin

**Bernard Joseph McLaughlin** (November 19, 1912 – January 5, 2015) was an American Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church to Buffalo, New York. He was the second oldest American Bishop behind Peter Leo Gerety of Trenton, New Jersey.

McLaughlin died at the age of 102 in Buffalo, New York.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **name**: Bernard Joseph McLaughlin
- **birth place**: Buffalo, New York, United States
- **church**: Roman Catholic Church
- **death place**: Tonawanda, New York
- **image**: Rev. Milby and Buffalo Aux. Bishop Bernard McLaughlin, Gowanda, NY, 1988.jpg
- **honorific prefix**: His Excellency, The Most Reverend
- **caption**: Rev. Milby and Buffalo Aux. Bishop Bernard McLaughlin, Gowanda, NY in 1988
- **ordination**: December 21, 1935
- **other post**: Roman Catholic Diocese of Mottola, Titular Bishop of Mottola (1968–2015)
- **term**: 1968–1988
- **title**: Roman Catholic Diocese of Buffalo, Auxiliary Bishop of Buffalo
- **type**: Bishop
Ferid Murad

**Ferid Murad** (September 14, 1936 – September 4, 2023) was an American physician and pharmacologist. He was born to Albanian parents.

Murad was best known for his discoveries which concern the cyclic GMP as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1997 for his discoveries. He shared the prize with Robert F. Furchgott and Louis Ignarro. Murad is an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo.

In May 2012, the Municipality of Čair proclaimed Murad as an honorary citizen. During the ceremony, Murad dedicated all of his achievements to his nation, Albania.

Murad died in Menlo Park, California, on September 4, 2023, ten days before his 87th birthday.

## Related pages

- List of European scientists

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Ferid Murad
- **image**: Ferid Murad.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Murad in April 2008
- **birth place**: Whiting, Indiana, Whiting, Indiana, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Menlo Park, California, Menlo Park, California, U.S.
- **fields**: Biochemistry, pharmacology
- **work institutions**: University of Virginia (1970-81), Stanford (1981-88), Abbott Laboratories (1988-93), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, University of Texas Medical School at Houston (1997-2011), George Washington University (2011-2017)
- **alma mater**: DePauw University (BS, 1958) and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University (MD-Ph.D., 1965)
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **known for**: Discoveries concerning cyclic GMP as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system
Ansel Elgort

**Ansel Elgort** (born March 14, 1994) is an American actor, singer and DJ. As an actor, he is best known for playing Tommy Ross in _Carrie_ (2013), Caleb Prior in _Divergent_ (2014), Augustus Waters in _The Fault in Our Stars_ (2014) and Baby / Miles in _Baby Driver_ (2017). As a musician, he is known by his stage name **Ansølo**.

Elgort was born in New York City, New York. His father is Arthur Elgort, a photographer who has worked for _Vogue_. His mother is Grethe Barrett Holby, an opera director. He has Russian Jewish, English, German and Norwegian ancestry. He has been dating his girlfriend, Violetta Komyshan, since high school.

## Other websites

- Official music site

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ansel Elgort
- **image**: Ansel Elgort (35875410045) (colour edited).jpg
- **caption**: Elgort in July 2017
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **occupation**: Actor, singer, DJ
- **years active**: 2012–present
- **partner**: Violetta Komyshan
Brendan Gleeson

**Brendan Gleeson** (born 29 March 1955) is an Irish actor. His best known movies include _Braveheart_, _Gangs of New York_, _In Bruges_, _28 Days Later_, _Troy_, the _Harry Potter_ movies, _The Guard_, the role of Michael Collins in _The Treaty_ and as Knuckles in _Paddington 2_. For his role in the 2022 movie _The Banshees of Inisherin_, he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Brendan Gleeson.jpg
- **caption**: Gleeson in 2005
- **name**: Brendan Gleeson
- **birth place**: Dublin, Ireland
- **children**: 4; including Domhnall Gleeson
- **yearsactive**: 1989–present
- **occupation**: Actor
Macon, Missouri

**Macon** is a city in Macon County, Missouri, United States. The population was 5,457 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Macon County.
Louis Ignarro

**Louis J. Ignarro** (born May 31, 1941) is an American pharmacologist.

Ignarro is best known for his discoveries which concern the nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1998 for his discoveries. He shared the prize with Robert F. Furchgott and Ferid Murad. Due to nitric oxide indirectly being involved in the action of Viagra, he is sometimes referred to as the "Father of Viagra".

Ignarro is an avid cyclist and marathoner, he has completed 13 marathons. He is married and lives in Beverly Hills, California.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Louis J. Ignarro
- **image**: Louis Ignarro.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Ignarro receiving an award from D. Wink at the National Cancer Institute
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **fields**: Pharmacology
- **work institutions**: Tulane University School of Medicine
UCLA School of Medicine
King Saud University
- **alma mater**: Columbia University
University of Minnesota
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **known for**: Nitric Oxide
Seoul Metropolitan Subway

**Seoul Metropolitan Subway**, often called the **Seoul Subway**, is a rail transit system of underground trains and commuter trains that connects Seoul to nearby suburbs.

The system has 22 lines that are named after numbers (Line 1, Line 2, all the way to Line 9). It also has Gyeongui Line, Bundang Line, Shinbundang Line, A'REX, Jungang Line, Gyeongchun Line, Suin Line, Incheon Line 1, Everline, and U Line.

Since 2010, all stations have smartphone-like 46-inch touchscreen kiosks so passengers can look at maps, make free phone calls, and find tourist information. All lines use special RFID cards, such as T-money, or NFC technology where passengers can pay fees.

## Lines in Service

|Line name (English)|Alternative Name(s)|Starting Station(s)|Ending Station(s)|Total Length|Operator|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Line 1|Dark Blue Line|Soyosan|Incheon, Sinchang, Gwangmyeong, Seodongtan|200.6 km|Korail, Seoul Metro|
|Line 2|Green Line, Ring Line|City Hall, Seongsu, Sindorim|City Hall, Sinseoldong, Kkachisan|60.2 km|Seoul Metro|
|Line 3|Orange Line|Daehwa|Ogeum|57.4 km|Korail, Seoul Metro|
|Line 4|Blue Line|Danggogae|Oido|71.5 km|Korail, Seoul Metro|
|Line 5||Banghwa|Sangil-dong, Macheon|52.3 km|Seoul Metro|
|Line 6||Eungam(loop)|Bonghwasan|35.1 km|Seoul Metro|
|Line 7||Jangam|Bupyeong-gu Office|57.1 km|Seoul Metro|
|Line 8||Amsa|Moran|17.7 km|Seoul Metro|
|Line 9||Gaehwa|Sports Complex|26.9 km|Seoul Metro9 Corp.|
|AREX|Airport Express|Seoul|Incheon International Airport|58.0 km|Korail Airport Railroad|
|Gyeongui·Jungang Line||Munsan|Seoul, Jipyeong|71.2 km|Korail|
|Gyeongchun Line||Cheongnyangni, Kwangwoon University, Yongsan (ITX)|Chuncheon|80.7 km|Korail|
|Bundang Line||Wangsimni|Suwon|52.9 km|Korail|
|Suin Line||Oido|Incheon|13.1 km|Korail|
|Gyeonggang Line||Pangyo|Yeoju|57.0 km|Korail|
|Shinbundang Line|DX Line|Gangnam|Gwanggyo|17.3 km|NeoTrans Corp.|
|Incheon 1||Gyeyang|International Business District|29.4 km|Incheon Transit|
|Incheon 2||Geomdan Oryu|Unyeon|29.1 km|Incheon Transit|
|Yongin LRT|Everline|Giheung|Jeondae·Everland|18.1 km|Yongin Rapid Transit|
|Uijeongbu LRT|U Line|Balgok|Tapseok|11.1 km|Uijeongbu LRT Corp.|

## Related pages

- Busan subway
Meshach Taylor

**Meshach Taylor** (April 11, 1947 – June 28, 2014) was an American actor. He is best known for his Emmy Award-nominated role as Anthony Bouvier on the CBS hit sitcom _Designing Women_ (1986–1993). He also played Hollywood Montrose, a flamboyant window dresser, in the romantic comedy movie _Mannequin_ (1987).

Taylor was born in Boston, Massachusetts to African American parents. He was raised in New Orleans, Louisiana. He graduated from Florida A&M University in 1993. Until his death, he had been married to actress, Bianca Ferguson since 1983. They had four children (three daughters and a son).

Taylor died from colorectal cancer on June 28, 2014 in Altadena, California, aged 67. The cancer was terminal.
Amanda Bay

**Amanda Bay**, also sometimes known as **Hovde Cove**, is a bay on Princess Elizabeth Land in East Antarctica. It opens to the north into Prydz Bay on the Ingrid Christensen Coast. It was named in 1957 for the daughter of RAAF Squadron Leader Peter Clemence.

The bay is a breeding colony for Emperor Penguins.
Princess Elizabeth Land

**Princess Elizabeth Land** is part of Antartica. It is located between longitude 73° east and Cape Penck 87°43' east. It includes the land from latitude 64°56'S and the South Pole. It is divided into two sectors:
- Ingrid Christensen Coast, 73°35'E to 81°24'E
- Leopold and Astrid Coast 81°24'E to 87°43'E
It is bounded on the west by Mac. Robertson Land and on the east by Kaisar Wilhelm II Land.

The land was discovered in 1931. It was named after Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom, who later became Queen Elizabeth II.

It is part of the Australian Antarctic Territory.
Cape Penck

**Cape Penck** is an ice-covered point on the coast of Antarctica. Cape Penck is just east of Philippi Glacier. It separates the Leopold and Astrid Coast from the Kaiser Wilhelm II Coast. It was named for Albrecht Penck, who was a German geographer.
East Antarctica

**East Antarctica**, also called **Greater Antarctica**, is the largest part (two-thirds) of the Antarctic continent. It is on the Indian Ocean side of the Transantarctic Mountains. It is the coldest, windiest, and driest part of Earth. East Antarctica holds the record as the coldest place on earth.

East Antarctica includes the following areas: Coats Land, Queen Maud Land, Enderby Land, Kemp Land, Mac. Robertson Land, Princess Elizabeth Land, Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, Queen Mary Land, Wilkes Land, Adélie Land, George V Land, Oates Land and Victoria Land. All but a small portion of this region lies within the Eastern Hemisphere.
The Big Bang Theory season 1

***The Big Bang Theory*** first season began on September 24, 2007. It ended on May 19, 2008. It has 17 episodes.

## Episodes

Dr. Leonard Hofstadter (from New Jersey) and Dr. Sheldon Cooper (from Texas) are physicists. In the first episode, Penny moves to the apartment across the hall from them. Penny is a waitress from Nebraska. Leonard wants to start a relationship with her but she wants to be friends.

Howard Wolowitz is an engineer. He enjoys sex but does not want a relationship. Dr. Raj Koothrappali is an astrophysicist from India. He has selective mutism — he cannot talk to women.

<onlyinclude>
Active galactic nucleus

An **active galactic nucleus** (**AGN**) is a compact region at the centre of a galaxy. This central region radiates huge luminosity over the electromagnetic spectrum.  The radiation from an AGN is thought to be caused by mass dragged in by the gravitational pull of a supermassive black hole at the centre of the host galaxy.

This electromagnetic radiation is observed in the radio, microwaves, infrared, optical, ultra-violet, X-ray and gamma ray wavebands.

A galaxy hosting an AGN is called an **active galaxy**. AGN are the most luminous and persistent sources of electromagnetic radiation in the universe. They can be used to discover distant objects. All theories about  the cosmos have to account for AGNs. They are one of the basic facts about the universe.

So-called relativistic jets are extremely powerful jets of plasma which come from some AGNs, notably radio galaxies and quasars. Their lengths can reach several thousand or even hundreds of thousands of light years.
Mirande

**Mirande** () is a commune in the Gers department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the Occitanie region, southwestern France. It is the administrative center of the _arrondissement_ of Mirande and of the canton of Mirande-Astarac.

## History

Mirande was founded in 1281 near the village of _Saint-Jean de Lezian_ by the abbot Berdoues and by Bernhard IV, Count of Astarac. The town was built as a bastide (a fortified town). Miranda became, in 1297, the capital of the _County of Astarac_.

Mirande was surrounded by a wall with four city gates; the wall was destroyed during the 19th century.

Since 17 February 1800, Mirande is the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Mirande.

## Geography

Mirande is a _commune_ found along the Baïse river in the _Astarac_, a natural region that is part of _Gascony_.

The _commune_ has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Mirande is at  from Auch,  from Toulouse,  from Tarbes and  from Lourdes.

Mirande is surrounded by the following _communes_, all of them part of the arrondissement of Mirande: Estipouy and Mouchès to the north, Miramont-d'Astarac to the northeast, Idrac-Respaillès to the east, Saint-Médard to the southeast, Berdoues to the south, Saint-Martin and Monclar-sur-Losse to the west and Montesquiou to the northwest.

### Climate

The climate of Mirande, in the Köppen climate classification, is **Cfb** - Oceanic climate with template summers.

## Population

The inhabitants of Mirande are known, in French, as _Mirandais_ (women: _Mirandaises_).

With a population of 3,527 (2014), Mirande has a population density of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

**Evolution of the population in Mirande**

## Sister cities

Mirande is twinned with:
- Korntal-Münchingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- L'Eliana, Valencia, Spain
- San Mauro Torinese, Piedmont, Italy
- Tubize, Walloon Brabant, Belgium

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Mirande
- Communes of the Gers department

## Other websites

- City Council website
- Office de Tourisme - Miranda

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Mirande
- **commune status**: Subprefectures in France, Subprefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Mirande (Gers)2.svg
- **image coat of arms size**: 70px
- **image**: Mirande Gers Mairie jnl 7.jpg
- **caption**: Mirande Town Hall
- **arrondissement**: Mirande
- **canton**: Mirande-Astarac
- **intercommunality**: Cœur d'Astarac en Gascogne
- **mayor**: Pierre Beaudran
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **elevation m**: 170
- **elevation min m**: 139
- **elevation max m**: 268
- **area km2**: 23.42
- **population demonym**: Mirandais
- **population**: 3527
- **population date**: 2014
- **insee**: 32256
- **postal code**: 32300
- **website**: [http://www.mirande.fr/ www.mirande.fr]
Daniel Bovet

**Daniel Bovet** <small>ForMemRS</small> (23 March 1907 – 8 April 1992) is an Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist.

Bovet won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1957 "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles".

In 1965, he was the leader of a study team which came to the conclusion that smoking of tobacco cigarettes increased users' intelligence. He later told The New York Times that the objective was not to "create geniuses, but only [to] put the less-endowed individual in a position to reach a satisfactory mental and intellectual development".

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Daniel Bovet
- **image**: Daniel Bovet nobel.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Bovet in 1957
- **birth place**: Fleurier, Switzerland
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **nationality**: Switzerland, Swiss-Italy, Italian
- **known for**: discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles
Baïse

The **Baïse** or **Grande Baïse** () is a French river that flows through the Hautes-Pyrénées, Gers and Lot-et-Garonne departments, in the Occitanie and Nouvelle-Aquitaine regions.

The river's source is in the Pyrenees and is a left tributary of the Garonne river. In general, it flows from south to north.

## Geography

The Baïse river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its average yearly discharge is  at Nérac, a small town of the Lot-et-Garonne department that is at about  of the confluence with the Garonne river. The largest discharges are during winter and spring, with  in February.

**Average monthly discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) at Nérac**

### Course

The source of the Baïse is on the Plateau de Lannemezan, in the Capvern _commune_ (Hautes-Pyrénées), at an altitude of about .

The Baïse flows through 2 regions, 3 departments and 52 _communes_. Some of the _communes_ are:
- Occitanie region
    - Hautes-Pyrénées : Lannemezan, Trie-sur-Baïse
    - Gers : Mirande, Castéra-Verduzan, Valence-sur-Baïse, Condom
- Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
    - Lot-et-Garonne : Moncrabeau, Nérac, Lavardac, Buzet-sur-Baïse

Finally, it flows into the Garonne river at Saint-Léger (Lot-et-Garonne), at  of altitude.

## Main tributaries

- Left tributaries
    - Gélise -
- Right tributaries
    - Baïsole -
    - Petite Baïse -
    - Auloue -

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France

## Other websites

- Banque Hydro - MEDDE, «Synthèse de la Banque Hydro - (O6692910)»
- Histoire & Patrimoine des Rivières & Canaux - Rivière Baïse
- River Baïse: Cruising in Detail

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Baïse
- **image**: Baise kanalbruecke.jpg
- **image caption**: Canal bridge over the river
- **map**: Baïse.png
- **source1 location**: Plateau de Lannemezan
- **mouth location**: Garonne
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: France
Niels Kaj Jerne

**Niels Kaj Jerne** <small>FRS</small> (December 23, 1911 – October 7, 1994) was a Danish immunologist.

Jerne won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Georges J. F. Köhler and César Milstein in 1957. They won it "[f]or theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies".

According to Jerne's biographer Thomas Söderqvist, Jerne did not play the role of a bench scientist, he could not pipette accurately, and he did not enjoy experimental work. Jerne's Nobel Prize was awarded for theories, rather than discoveries. He developed the "natural selection theory of immunology," which was proposed by Paul Ehrlich 50 years earlier, although he was missing the clonal selection element proposed by David Talmage and later by Frank Macfarlane Burnet. James Watson had told Jerne that his theory "stinks."

He was married three times and had two sons, Ivar Jerne (born 1936) and Donald Jerne (born 1941), with Tjek Jerne. He had a third son, Andreas Wettstein, with Gertrud Wettstein, in 1971. According to Söderqvist, his wife Tjek was distraught when she had found out that Niels was having an affair with her best friend, Adda Sundsig-Hansen. Tjek had told Adda about her own affairs, and Adda then told Neils about them too. After hearing this, Niels demanded a divorce. Tjek begged him to stay but he refused. She would then kill herself. Her son Ivar had woken up in the morning, smelled gas, and found his mother dead by the oven. His second wife was treated as a servant and nanny by Jerne. He was regularly unfaithful to his wives, and even though he was not physically handsome, he had attracted women by his charm as a conversationalist and his skills in the arts of love, which included a liking for sadism.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Niels Kaj Jerne
- **image**: Niels Kaj Jerne 1950 crop.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **birth place**: London, England, United Kingdom, UK
- **death place**: Castillon-du-Gard, France
- **fields**: Immunology
- **nationality**: Denmark, Danish
- **known for**: monoclonal antibodies
George Davis Snell

**George Davis Snell** (December 19, 1903 – June 6, 1996) was an American mouse geneticist and basic transplant immunologist.

Snell won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1978. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1980 with Baruj Benacerraf and Jean Dausset. They won it "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions". Snell specifically "discovered the genetic factors that determine the possibilities of transplanting tissue from one individual to another. It was Snell who introduced the concept of H antigens."

Snell was born on December 19, 1903 in Bradford, Massachusetts. He was the youngest of three children. In 1926, Snell received a Bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College. After recommendation by John Gerould, his genetics professor at Dartmouth, Snell completed graduate work at Harvard University where he worked with William E. Castle. In 1930, Snell earned his PhD from Harvard. After he earned his PhD, he worked at Brown University from 1930 to 1931. After he left, he spent two years at the University of Texas as a postdoctoral fellow. He worked with H. J. Muller, a pioneer of radiation genetics (and later, a Nobel Prize winner). Snell worked at WUSTL as a teacher from 1933 to 1934. After he had some short stints as a teacher, Snell joined the Jackson Laboratory staff in Bar Harbor, Maine and spent the rest of his life there. He died on June 6, 1996 in Bar Harbor, Maine.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: George Davis Snell
- **image size**: 220px
- **birth place**: Bradford, Massachusetts, Bradford, Massachusetts
- **death place**: Bar Harbor, Maine, Bar Harbor, Maine
- **fields**: Genetics
Immunology
- **nationality**: Americans, American