juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Walter Washington

**Walter Edward Washington**, (April 15, 1915 – October 27, 2003) was an American politician.  He was chief executive of District of Columbia from 1967 to 1979, serving as the first and only Mayor-Commissioner from 1967 to 1974 and as the first home-rule mayor of the District of Columbia from 1974 to 1979.  He was the last presidentially-appointed mayor of the District of Columbia.

## Other websites

- FBI Files pertaining to Walter Washington
- Walter Washington's oral history video excerpts  at The National Visionary Leadership Project

## Infobox (governor)

- **birthname**: Walter Edward Washington
- **image**: walterwashington.jpg
- **order**: List of mayors of Washington, D.C., 1st
- **office**: Mayor of the District of Columbia
- **term start**: January 2, 1975
- **term end**: January 2, 1979
- **predecessor**: Himself (as appointed Mayor-Commissioner)
- **successor**: Marion Barry
- **office2**: Mayor-Commissioner of the District of Columbia
- **term start2**: 1967
- **term end2**: January 2, 1975
- **predecessor2**: Walter Nathan Tobriner (as President of the Board of Commissioners)
- **successor2**: Himself (as elected Mayor)
- **birth place**: Dawson, Georgia, Dawson, Georgia
- **death place**: Washington, D.C.
- **spouse**: Bennetta Bullock (married 1942, died 1991)
 Mary Burke (married 1994)
- **children**: Bennetta Washington
- **profession**: Lawyer, Attorney
- **party**: United States Democratic Party, Democrat
Frank Nighbor

**Julius Francis Joseph "Pembroke Peach" Nighbor** (January 26, 1893 – April 13, 1966) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward. In March 2010, at a Quebec auction, an American collector paid $33,000 USD to secure Frank Nighbor's game-worn Ottawa Senators sweater from the 1926–27 season.

He played for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL) and National Hockey Association (NHA) and Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL, Toronto Blueshirts of the NHA and Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA).

Nighbor died of cancer on April 13, 1966 in Pembroke, Ontario at the age of 73.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 9
- **weight lb**: 160
- **played for**: Toronto Blueshirts
Vancouver Millionaires
Ottawa Senators (original), Ottawa Senators
Toronto Maple Leafs
- **birth place**: Pembroke, Ontario, Canada
- **death place**: Pembroke, Ontario, Canada
- **career start**: 1912
- **image**: Frank Nighbor, Vancouver Millionaires.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Nighbor with the Vancouver Millionaires in the 1913–14 PCHA season, 1913–14 season.
- **career end**: 1930
- **halloffame**: 1947
Claire Foy

**Claire Elizabeth Foy** (born 16 April 1984) is an English actress. She played Anna in the 2011 movie _Season of the Witch_. She played Kate in the NBC series _Crossbones_. Foy is known for playing Elizabeth II in the Netflix series _The Crown_.

Foy was born in Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. She grew up in Manchester, Leeds and Buckinghamshire.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Claire Foy
- **image**: Claire Foy in 2018.jpg
- **caption**: Foy in 2018
- **birth place**: Stockport, Greater Manchester, England
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2008present
- **children**: 1
Mark Messier

**Mark John Douglas Messier**  (; born January 18, 1961) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre and a former special assistant to the president and general manager of the New York Rangers. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 until 2004. He played for the Edmonton Oilers, New York Rangers, and Vancouver Canucks. He also played in the World Hockey Association (WHA). He was nicknamed "The Moose" because of his aggressiveness and strength.

## Career

He is considered to be one of the greatest NHL players of all time that was unable to win an Olympic medal. Messier is listed second on the all-time career lists for regular season points (1887), playoff points (295) and regular season games played (1756). During his career, he was able to win six Stanley Cups, winning it five times the Oilers and one time with the Rangers.

He is the only player to have captained two different professional teams to championships. During his time with New York, he was nicknamed "The Messiah" because of his playoff leadership while there, which helped end a 54-year Stanley Cup drought in 1994. He is a two-time Hart Trophy winner, winning it in 1990 and 1992.

Messier is only one of two players (the other being Wayne Gretzky) to have won the Hart Trophy with more than one team. He was also a one-time Conn Smythe Trophy winner as the most valuable player during the playoffs in 1984. He was named as an NHL All-Star 15 times during his career and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on November 12, 2007. On June 30, 2017, he was named an Officer of the Order of Canada by Governor General David Johnston.

## Related pages

- Geese
- Canada

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Mark Messier
- **image**: Mark Messier - 2009.jpg
- **caption**: Messier in 2009
- **position**: Center (ice hockey), Centre
- **played for**: Indianapolis Racers
Cincinnati Stingers
Edmonton Oilers
New York Rangers
Vancouver Canucks
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 210
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **birth place**: St. Albert, Alberta, Canada
- **draft**: 48th overall
- **draft year**: 1979
- **draft team**: Edmonton Oilers
- **career start**: 1978
- **career end**: 2004
- **halloffame**: 2007
Julio Jaramillo

**Julio Alfredo Jaramillo Laurido** (October 1, 1935 – February 9, 1978) was a famous Ecuadorian singer and recording artist. He performed throughout Latin America. He received great fame for his music of boleros, valses, pasillos, tangos, and ranchera

Having recorded more than 4,000 songs throughout his career, his most famous song was perhaps "Nuestro Juramento" written by Puerto Rican composer, Benito de Jesús.

Jaramillo died from liver sclerosis at the age of 42 in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Julio Jaramillo
- **image**: Julio jaramillo laurido2.jpg
- **caption**: The Nightingale of America
- **image size**: 250px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Julio Alfredo Jaramillo Laurido
- **alias**: J. J. (_Jota Jota_)
_El Ruiseñor de América_ (The Nightingale of the Americas)
- **origin**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **instrument**: Guitar
- **genre**: pasillo, bolero, corrido, valse, tango music, tango, ranchera
- **years active**: 1950–1978
- **label**: Ónix, Yoyo Music, Sonolux, Discos Peerless, Codiscos
George Hamilton IV

**George Hege Hamilton IV** (July 19, 1937 – September 17, 2014) was an American country musician. He began performing in the late 1950s as a teen idol, later switching to country music in the early 1960s. He performed for the Grand Ole Opry for nearly 50 years.

Hamilton had a heart attack on September 13, 2014. He later died at Saint Thomas Midtown Hospital in Nashville on September 17.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: George Hamilton IV
- **image**: George_Hamilton_IV_crop.jpg
- **caption**: George Hamilton IV at the Grand Ole Opry in 2007
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: George Hege Hamilton IV
- **birth place**: Winston-Salem, North Carolina
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1956–2014
- **label**: ABC Records, ABC, Colonial Records, Colonial, RCA Victor Records, RCA Victor, Lamon Records, Lamon
- **website**: http://georgeiv.net/
Keith Anderson

**Keith Anderson** is an American country music singer. He has made two albums. His _Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll_ album was #1 on the _Billboard Hot Country Songs_ chart.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll_ (2005)
- _C'mon!_ (2008)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Keith Anderson
- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: Keith Anderson.jpg
- **origin**: Miami, Oklahoma, United States, U.S.
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **years active**: 2001–present
- **label**: Arista Records, Arista Nashville, Columbia Records, Columbia Nashville
- **associated acts**: Rodney Atkins
Reeva Steenkamp

**Reeva Rebecca Steenkamp** (19 August 1983 – 14 February 2013) was a South African model and television personality. At the time of her death, she had been filming her part for the reality television show _Tropika Island of Treasure_. The series was filmed in Jamaica. As a model, she had a contract with Capacity Relations. She was also a presenter for FashionTV.

## Life and murder

Steenkamp was born in Cape Town and raised in Port Elizabeth. Her parents are Barry Steenkamp, a horse trainer, and his second wife June. She was of Dutch and German ancestry. During her early twenties, she broke her back in a horse riding fall, and had to learn how to walk again. She was a paralegal. She dated rugby union player Francois Hougaard. At the time of her death, Steenkamp was dating Paralympic and Olympic athlete Oscar Pistorius.

Steenkamp was shot and killed by her boyfriend Oscar Pistorius on a Valentine's Day 2013 in Pretoria at age of 29. He mistakenly her as an intruder in their home. Pistorius was arrested and charged with murder. He claims he thought she was an intruder. After a very public trial, Pistorius was charged with culpable homicide on 12 September 2014.
Cassandra Lynn

**Cassandra Lynn Hensley** (née **Jensen**; August 15, 1979 – January 15, 2014), better known by her stage name **Cassandra Lynn**, was an American model. She was best known for work with _Playboy_. She was the Playmate of the Month for February 2006.

Lynn was born in Price, Utah and raised in Salt Lake City. She was married Gary Hensley on February 7, 2009. She also had two children; a daughter, Alexis, from a previous relationship, and a son, Devin, with Hensley.

Lynn died on January 15, 2014 at her friend's home in Los Angeles, California, aged 34. She was found by her friend floating in a bathtub. Her death was caused by an accidental overdose of cocaine and alcohol.
Warren County, Missouri

**Warren County** is a county located in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,532. The county is located on the north side of the Missouri River. Its county seat is Warrenton. The county was started on January 5, 1833. It was named for General Joseph Warren, who died in the Battle of Bunker Hill during the American Revolutionary War.

Warren County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is crossed by Route 94, called the "Missouri Weinstrasse". This is because of the many vineyards from Marthasville east into St. Charles County. Warren County is also part of the Missouri Rhineland, with award-winning wineries located on both sides of the Missouri River.
Debra Paget

**Debra Paget** (born **Debralee Griffin** August 19, 1933 in Denver, Colorado) is an American actress. She acts in both movies and television. She played Cathy Reno in _Love Me Tender_. She also played Lily Becker in _Stars and Stripes Forever._
Double Indemnity

***Double Indemnity*** is a 1944 film noir movie about an insurance salesman (Fred MacMurray) and a housewife (Barbara Stanwyck). It was nominated for seven Academy Awards.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Double Indemnity
- **image**: Double Indemnity Lobby Card.jpg
- **director**: Billy Wilder
- **producer**: Joseph Sistrom
- **music**: Miklós Rózsa
- **cinematography**: John F. Seitz, John Seitz
- **editing**: Doane Harrison
- **studio**: Paramount Pictures
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
- **runtime**: 107 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $980,000
- **gross**: $5 million
Kenny Wheeler

**Kenneth Vincent John Wheeler**, OC (14 January 1930 – 18 September 2014) was a Canadian composer and trumpet and flugelhorn player. Most of his performances were in jazz, but he was also active in free improvisation and sometimes was into rock music recordings. Wheeler wrote over one hundred compositions and was a skilled arranger for small groups and larger ensembles. Wheeler was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Wheeler died after a short period of frail health at a nursing home in London on 18 September 2014. He was 84 years old.

## Other websites

- 2003 Interview with journalist John Eyles, from AllAboutJazz.com
- 2005 Review of the Kenny Wheeler Big Band by John Fordham in the 'Guardian'
- Kenny Wheeler discography at discogs

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kenny Wheeler
- **image**: Kenny_Wheeler.jpg
- **caption**: Kenny Wheeler performing in 2007
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Kenneth Vincent John Wheeler
- **birth place**: Toronto, Canada
- **death place**: London, England
- **instrument**: Trumpet, flugelhorn
- **genre**: Avant-garde jazz, post bop,
chamber jazz, free improvisation
- **occupation**: Composer, musician
- **years active**: 1950s-present
- **label**: ECM Records, ECM, Fontana Records, Fontana, FMP/Free Music Production, FMP, Black Saint/Soul Note, Soul Note,
PSI, CAM Jazz
- **associated acts**: John Dankworth, Evan Parker, John Taylor (jazz), John Taylor, Azimuth (band), Azimuth, Anthony Braxton, Dave Holland, Globe Unity Orchestra, Berlin Contemporary Jazz Orchestra
David Foster Wallace

**David Foster Wallace** (February 21, 1962 – September 12, 2008) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and professor of English and creative writing. Wallace is widely known for his 1996 novel _Infinite Jest_. It was called by _Time_ magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005.

Wallace committed suicide (by hanging) on September 12, 2008, at age 46.

## Other websites

- David Foster Wallace Archive, The University of Texas at Austin
- "An Appraisal: Writer Mapped the Mythic and the Mundane", by Michiko Kakutani, _The New York Times_, September 14, 2008.
- "David Foster Wallace, 1962–2008", by David Gates, _Newsweek_, September 14, 2008.
- "The Unfinished" by D. T. Max, _The New Yorker_, March 9, 2009.
- "Everything & More: The Work of David Foster Wallace" by Malcolm Knox, _The Monthly_, November, 2008.
- "David Foster Wallace and the Velveteen Rabbit", _Identity Theory_, August 2011.
- "King of the Ghosts", n+1, October, 2011.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: David Foster Wallace
- **image**: David Foster Wallace headshot 2006.jpg
- **caption**: Wallace in January 2006
- **birth place**: Ithaca, New York, United States
- **death place**: Claremont, California, United States
- **occupation**: Novelist, short story writer, essayist, college professor
- **period**: 1987–2008
- **genre**: Literary fiction, non-fiction
- **movement**: Postmodern literature, Post-postmodernism, hysterical realism
- **notableworks**: _Infinite Jest_ (1996), _A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again_ (1997), _Brief Interviews with Hideous Men_ (1999), _The Pale King_ (unfinished, 2011)
Sacrifice (2014)

**Sacrifice (2014)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It was held on April 27, 2014 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the ninth Sacrifice event that TNA held and was also the second event in TNA's 2014 pay-per-view schedule.

There were eight matches on the card with three main events. The main events saw Eric Young defeat Magnus to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, Gunner defeat James Storm in "I Quit" match and Bobby Roode defeat Bully Ray in a Tables match.

Sacrifice gained mixed reviews with James Caldwell, from Pro Wrestling Torch, saying "there were probably three or four independent shows this weekend with more star-power in their main events". Caldwell also gave the Bobby Roode-Bully Ray match minus two stars.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**#**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|The Wolves (Eddie Edwards and Davey Richards) defeated The BroMans (Robbie E, Jessie Godderz and DJ Z) (c)|3-on-2 Handicap No Disqualification match for the TNA World Tag Team Championship|10:14|||||
|2|Mr. Anderson (with Christy Hemme) defeated Samuel Shaw|Committed match|10:30|||||
|3|Kurt Angle and Willow defeated Ethan Carter III and Rockstar Spud|Tag team match|9:04|||||
|4|Sanada (c) defeated Tigre Uno|Singles match in match #3 of a best-of-three series for the TNA X Division Championship|9:29|||||
|5|Gunner defeated James Storm|"I Quit" match|18:50|||||
|6|Angelina Love (with Velvet Sky) defeated Madison Rayne (c)|Singles match for the TNA Women's Knockout Championship|8:08|||||
|7|Bobby Roode defeated Bully Ray|Tables match|13:42|||||
|8|Eric Young (c) defeated Magnus|Singles match for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship|15:50|||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match|||||||

## Other websites

- Official TNA Sacrifice website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Sacrifice (2014)
- **tagline**: Pain, Agony, Sacrifice.
- **promotion**: Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
- **date**: April 27, 2014
- **attendance**: 700
- **venue**: Impact Zone
(Universal Studios Florida)
- **city**: Orlando, Florida, Orlando, Florida
- **lastevent**: Lockdown (2014)
- **nextevent**: Slammiversary XII
- **event**: TNA Sacrifice, Sacrifice
- **lastevent2**: Sacrifice (2012)
- **nextevent2**: TBA
Elaine Lee

**Elaine Lee** (23 December 1939 – 19 September 2014) was a South African-Australian actress. She was best known for her role as Vera Collins in the 1970s television soap opera _Number 96_. She also appeared in the drama series _Heartbreak High_ and _Home and Away_.

Lee was born in Springs, Transvaal (now Gauteng). She was married to actor Garth Meade. The couple moved from South Africa to Australia so Meade could have a better career in 1970. In 1976, the couple's marriage ended in divorce.

Lee died on 19 September 2014 in Sydney, New South Wales, aged 74.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Elaine Lee
- **birth place**: Springs, Gauteng, Springs, Transvaal, Union of South Africa, South Africa
- **death place**: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- **yearsactive**: 1968–2006
- **occupation**: Actress
- **spouse**: Garth Meade (m. ?–1976; divorce)
U. Srinivas

**Uppalapu Shrinivas** (; 28 February 1969 – 19 September 2014), better known by his stage name **U. Srinivas**, was an Indian mandolinist and music educator. He performed under the Carnatic musical tradition. He was given many awards including: Padma Shri (1998) and the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (2010). He worked with musicians such as John McLaughlin, Michael Nyman, and Michael Brook.

Srinivas was born in Palakol, Andhra Pradesh. He was married to Sree from 1994 until their divorce in 2012. They had one son, Sai Krishna who is also known as Nani Krish.

Srinivas died from liver failure on 19 September 2014 in Chennai. He was 45.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: U. Srinivas
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **image**: U. Srinivas 2009.jpg
- **caption**: Srinivas performing in Pune, January to December 2009
- **native name**: ఉప్పలపు శ్రీనివాస్
- **birth name**: Uppalapu Srinivas
- **alias**: U. Srinivas, Mandolin Srinivas
- **birth place**: Palakollu, West Godavari, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India
- **origin**: Andhra Pradesh, India
- **death place**: Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- **genre**: Indian classical music
- **occupation**: Musician (Mandolin Maestro)
- **instrument**: electric mandolin, Electric Mandolin
- **years active**: 1978–2014
- **label**: Real World Records
EMI Classics, Virgin Classics/EMI
- **associated acts**: Remember Shakti
- **website**: [http://www.mandolinshrinivas.org/ Mandolin U Shrinivas]
Jürg Schubiger

**Jürg Schubiger** (14 October 1936 – 15 September 2014) was a Swiss children's writer and psychologist. In 1996, for his work on _Als die Welt noch jung war_, he won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis (German Youth Literature Award). He was also the biennial Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 2008 for his work on children's books. He wrote around thirty books between 1956 and 2010. He also wrote prose novels.

Schubiger was born in Zürich and raised in Winterthur. He graduated from the University of Zürich. He was married to Renate Bänninger Schubiger. The couple had two sons.

Schubiger died after a long illness on 15 September 2014 in Zürich. He was 77.
American imperialism

**American imperialism** is the American policy of maintaining or extending power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism.

Expansionism was a primary objective of most empires, an example being the British Empire. This includes politics, money, culture, and the military. After World War II, the United States became a strong and powerful country. This influence continues today. It has a strong global influence.

American imperialism began in the 1890s. In 1896, the US annexed the Hawaiian Islands.

After the Spanish-American War, the US annexed Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. In 1914, the US completed the Panama Canal. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine increased American influence in Latin America. It was the basis for Roosevelt's Big Stick policy.

### Before World War II

Before World War II, America was isolationist, in accordance with the wishes of its first president, George Washington. Starting at the beginning of the 20th century, its influnce grew with movies and music. It also had a very important role in World War I, which led to much discussion within America.

### After World War II

After World War II, the United States became very strong. It had a good economy. When the Marshall Plan started in 1948, America helped rebuild Europe. This started America's close relationship with Europe. Because of all this, other countries became dependent on the United States and followed its lead. It was a founding member of the UN, an organization made to make countries work together.

### Cold War

During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were the two big powers. The US wanted to stop the spread of communism, so it formed alliances like NATO and gave aid to other countries. This made the U.S. very influential and important to global politics.

### After the Cold War

When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, the United States became the only superpower. This made the world unipolar (one central power), with the U.S. as the main leader. The US shaped international institutions, made economic rules, and sometimes used its military in different parts of the world.

## Economic power

The U.S. dollar is the main currency used around the world. This makes the U.S. very powerful economically. Organizations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank are also influenced by the U.S. This helps the U.S. set global economic policies and make trade agreements that help its interests (what the US wants).

## Cultural influence

American culture, like movies, music, and technology, is spread worldwide. American tech companies, social media, and fashion also have a big impact.

## Challenges and concerns

Some people criticize America. They say the U.S. sometimes acts like an empire, putting its interests before others. Military interventions and the idea that America is special  have made some upset.

### China

China has been growing economically since the 20th century. Some people think that China will overtake America on the World Stage.
Herman Hollerith

**Herman Hollerith** (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was an American statistician and inventor. He developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards. This tabulated (put into tables) the data from millions of people. He was the founder of the _Tabulating Machine Company_ that later became IBM.

Hollerith is known as the father of modern machine data processing. The start of automatic data processing systems came with his invention. Programs and data were put in to computer by punched cards in the 1950s and 60s.

Hollerith began working for the United States Census Bureau in the year he filed his first patent application. Titled "Art of Compiling Statistics", it was filed on September 23, 1884; U.S. Patent 395,782 was granted on January 8, 1889.

Hollerith built machines under contract for the Census Office, which used them to tabulate the 1890 United States Census in only one year. The previous 1880 United States Census  had taken eight years.

Hollerith started his _Tabulating Machine Company_ in 1896. Major census bureaus around the world leased his equipment and purchased his cards, as did major insurance companies. Hollerith's machines were used for censuses in England, Italy, Germany, Russia, Austria, Canada, France, Norway, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines, and again in the 1900 United States Census . To make his system work, he invented the first automatic card-feed mechanism and the first keypunch (that is, a punch operated by a keyboard); a skilled operator could punch 200–300 cards per hour. He also invented a tabulator.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Herman Hollerith
- **image**: Hollerith.jpg
- **caption**: Herman Hollerith in 1888
- **birth place**: Buffalo, New York
- **death place**: Washington, D.C.
- **occupation**: statistics, Statistician, inventor, businessman
- **awards**: Elliott Cresson Medal (1890)
World's Columbian Exposition, Bronze Medal (1892)
National Inventors Hall of Fame (1990)
Mary of Eu

**Mary I of Lusignan** (c. 1223 – October 1, 1260) was a Countess of Eu in France. She was a daughter of Raoul II of Lusignan, Count of Eu. Her mother was Yolande de Dreux, daughter of Robert II, Count of Dreux and Yolande de Coucy.

Mary married Alphonso of Brienne about 1250. She became Dame d'Issoudun, Countess of Eu and of Guinness in 1250. Mary died on October 1, 1260 in Melle.

## Family

She and Alphonso had two children:

- John I of Brienne, Count of Eu
- Blanche, Abbess of Maubuisson

Marie's possible children:
- Isabella
- Margaret
Quartering Acts

**Quartering Act** is the name given to two Acts of the British Parliament in the 18th century. These acts ordered the local governments of the American colonies to give British soldiers housing and food when they needed it.

Each of the Quartering Acts was an amendment to the Mutiny Act. The Parliament renewed them each year. The Acts were passed to solve the problems of the French and Indian War. They caused tension between the Thirteen Colonies and the government in London. These problems led, in part, to the Revolutionary War.

## Other websites

- Text of the Act of 1765
- Text of the Act of 1774
Stardust

**Stardust** may refer to:

- A type of cosmic dust composed of particles in space
- Cody Rhodes (born 1985), American professional wrestler who used the ring name Stardust

## Science

- Stardust (spacecraft), a NASA mission to investigate the comet Wild 2
- Stardust project, EU research on space junk and asteroids

## Movies

- _Stardust_ (2007 movie), adapted from the Neil Gaiman novel
- _Stardust_ (1974 movie), by Michael Apted
- _Star Dust_ (movie), a 1940 movie directed by Walter Lang

### Albums

- _Stardust_ (Willie Nelson album)
- _Stardust: The Great American Songbook, Volume III_ (album), by Rod Stewart
- _Stardust_ (John Coltrane album), 1963
- _Stardust_ (Natalie Cole album), 1996
- _Stardust_ (Lena album), 2012

### Songs

- "Stardust" (song), by Hoagy Carmichael's orchestra
- "Stardust" (David Essex song)
- "Stardust" (Lena Meyer-Landrut song) 2012
- "Stardust" (Mika song), a song by Mika 2012
- "Stardust", a song by Amaranthe from _The Nexus_
- "Stardust", a song by Delain from _The Human Contradiction_
- "Stardust", a song by Galneryus from _Reincarnation_
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson

***The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson*** was a talk show hosted by Johnny Carson under _The Tonight Show_ franchise. It ran from October 1, 1962 through May 22, 1992. It originally aired during late-night. For its first ten years, Johnny Carson's _The Tonight Show_ was based at Thirty Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, on May 1, 1972, the show was moved to Burbank, California. Peter Lassally served as the show's executive producer.

In 2002, _The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson_ was ranked #12 on _TV Guide_s 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time.

Carson played some skits during his show, the most popular were Carnac the Magnificent, Floyd R. Turbo, and Ronald Reagan (during his term in office, Carson would impersonate him).

In the show, Ed McMahon would be Caron's sidekick throughout the entire series and Doc Severinsen would lead the orchestra and would sometimes be Carson's sidekick.

## Other websites

- Carson's official _Tonight Show_ website
- A profile of Carson in _The New Yorker_ from 1978
- Johnny Carson, late-night TV legend, dies at 79, a January 2005 CNN article
- Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress
- The Tonight Show  from the Museum of Broadcast Communications website
Popigai crater

**Popigai crater** is an impact crater in Siberia, Russia. It was formed when a meteor struck the Earth about 35 million years ago.

There are many diamonds under the crater. The diamonds were made when the high pressure of the meteor hitting the ground compressed the graphite.

Even though there are many diamonds, mining is not considered to be profitable. That is partly because the mine is in a place far from people. Perhaps it is more because its diamonds are only industrial quality, and they can be made more cheaply by artificial means.
Hempstead, New York

**Hempstead** is a town in the U.S. state of New York. It is Nassau County. It has a population of 793,409.

If Hempstead was a city, it would be the second largest city in New York. Hempstead has more people than any other town in the United States.
Darrell Zwerling

**Darrell Zwerling** (1927/1928 – April 2014) was an American character actor. His most famous role was Hollis Mulwray, the Water Authority Commissioner (the husband of Faye Dunaway's character) in Roman Polanski's _Chinatown_.

He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Zwerling died in Hollywood, California in April 2014 from unknown causes but his death was not announced until September 16, 2014 by The Julliard School in New York.

## Other websites

- Juilliard School  - In Memoriam
- Notice of death

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Darrell Zwerling
- **birth date**: 1927/1928
- **birth place**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death date**: April 2014
- **death place**: Hollywood, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1968–1991
Buster Jones

**Edward L. "Buster" Jones** (December 12, 1923 – September 16, 2014) was an American voice actor. He was best known for his roles as Black Vulcan in _Super Friends_ Blaster in _The Transformers_, Doc in _G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero_ and Winston Zeddemore in _The Real Ghostbusters_ (replacing Arsenio Hall) and later _Extreme Ghostbusters_. He was born in Paris, Tennessee.

Jones died September 16, 2014, in his home in Hollywood, California, at age 71.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Buster Jones
- **image**: Buster Jones and Vicki Donaldson.jpg
- **caption**: Jones and Vicki Donaldson on _Soul Unlimited_ in 1973
- **birth name**: Edward L. Jones
- **birth date**: December 12, 1923
- **birth place**: Paris, Tennessee, U.S.
- **death date**: September 16, 2014 (aged 90)
- **death place**: Hollywood, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, Television host
- **years active**: 1972–1998
Avraham Heffner

**Avraham Heffner** (Hebrew: אברהם הפנר‎; 7 May 1935 – 19 September 2014) was an Israeli movie and television director, screenwriter, author and Professor Emeritus at the Tel-Aviv University. He was a recipient of the Ophir Award for lifetime achievements.

Heffner was known for his works in _Slow Down_, _Aunt Clara_ (1977) and _Laura Adler's Last Love Affair_.

Heffner died on 19 September 2014 in Tel Aviv, Israel, aged 79.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Avraham Heffner
- **image**: אברהם הפנר.jpg
- **caption**: Heffner in Tel-Aviv, October 2009
- **birth place**: Haifa, Palestine (now Israel)
- **death place**: Tel Aviv, Israel
- **occupation**: Film director, screenwriter, author, lecturer
Rudi van Dantzig

**Rudi van Dantzig** (4 August 1933 – 19 January 2012) was a Dutch choreographer, ballet dancer and writer. From 1965 until his death he was the artistic co-leader of the Dutch National Ballet in Amsterdam.

## Life

Van Dantzig was born in Amsterdam. After Sonia Gaskell (left in 1969) and his other colleague left the Dutch National Ballet in 1971, he was the only artistic leader until 1991.

## _For a Lost Soldier_

In 1986 he wrote an autobiographical novel, _Voor een verloren soldaat_, about his homosexuality and sexual relationship while a young boy with a Canadian soldier. The book became a great success and received several awards; an English translation, _For a Lost Soldier_, was published in 1991.

In 1992 a Dutch movie with the same title (English version: _For a Lost Soldier_) was based on it.  Van Dantzig also published a biography of the Dutch artist and resistance fighter Willem Arondeus in 2003.

## Death

Van Dantzig died in 2012, aged 78 from lymphoma and male breast cancer.

## More reading

- Utrecht, Luuk: _Rudi van Dantzig: a controversial idealist in ballet_. Zutphen, 1992.

## Other websites

- Source (in Dutch)
- DBNL
Gerard Kuiper

**Gerard Peter Kuiper** (; ; born **Gerrit Pieter Kuiper**; December 7, 1905 – December 23, 1973) was a Dutch-born American astronomer.The Kuiper belt is named after him. He discovered two natural satellites of planets in the solar system, namely Uranus's moon Miranda and Neptune's moon Nereid.

Kuiper went to college at the University of Leiden. He graduated in 1927 and went on to earn his doctorate in 1933. That same year, he moved to the United States and began working at the Lick Observatory in California. In 1935, he was a lecturer at Harvard University. In 1936, he moved to the University of Chicago, and in 1943 he became a professor there. He was the director of their observatories from 1947 until 1960. In 1960, Kuiper began work at the University of Arizona, and he started their lunar and planetary laboratory. He was the director of the laboratory until July 1973.

Kuiper found groups of dwarf stars. He was the first person to figure out the diameter of Pluto, and where the poles and equator of Venus are. In the 1960s, he was one of the people who knew the most about the earth's moon, and he worked with NASA.

## Other websites

- Gerard Peter Kuiper: NASA KAO's Namesake
- National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Gerard P. Kuiper
- **image**: Gerard Kuiper 1964c.jpg
- **image size**: 260px
- **caption**: Gerard Kuiper in 1964
- **birth place**: Tuitjenhorn, Netherlands
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **nationality**: Netherlands, Dutch-United States, American
- **field**: Astronomy
- **work institutions**: University of Chicago, University of Arizona
- **alma mater**: University of Leiden
- **known for**: Kuiper belt
Mary Wilson

**Mary Wilson** (March 6, 1944 – February 8, 2021) was an American singer. She was an original member of The Supremes. She remained in the group until 1977. She released three solo records. She also had five of her own singles. Wilson was born in Greenville, Mississippi.

Wilson died on February 8, 2021 at her home in Henderson, Nevada from hypertensive heart disease at the age of 76.
Hartford Colony

**Hartford Colony** is a historic district in Waterford, Connecticut. It is in the area of Leonard Court, New Shore Road, and Shore Road. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Hartford Colony
- **nrhp type**: hd
- **nocat**: yes
- **image**: HARTFORD COLONY, NEW LONDON COUNTY.jpg
- **caption**: On New Shore Road
- **location**: Roughly Leonard Court, New Shore Rd., and Shore Rd., Waterford, Connecticut
- **locmapin**: Connecticut#USA
- **architect**: Eyre, Wilson; Martin, Briton
- **architecture**: Shingle Style, Colonial Revival
- **added**: July 01, 2005
- **governing body**: Private
- **refnum**: 04000414
Michelle Phillips

**Michelle Phillips** (born **Holly Michelle Gilliam**, June 4, 1944) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She is best known for being in the musical group The Mamas & the Papas. In the 1990s, she played Abby Malone on _Beverly Hills, 90210_.

Phillips was born in Long Beach, California.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Michelle Phillips
- **image**: Michelle Phillips.jpg
- **caption**: June 4, 1944
- **birth name**: Holly Michelle Gilliam
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter and actress
Meredith MacRae

**Meredith Lynn MacRae** (May 30, 1944 – July 14, 2000) was an American actress and singer. She played Sally Ann on the show _My Three Sons_ and Billie Jo in _Petticoat Junction_.

She was born in Houston, Texas. She died of brain cancer in Manhattan Beach, California.
Old Borges Ranch

The **Old Borges Ranch** is a historic district in Walnut Creek, California. It covers an area of . There are four contributing buildings.

In 1899, Frank Borges bought . He used it for a cattle ranch and a home for his family. The ranch has a blacksmith shop, farm equipment displays, a barn, and other buildings. One of those buildings is the Borges family home. The home has five rooms. It is made of redwood. Five generations of the Borges family lived in the house. It is now the Old Borges Ranchhouse and Visitor Center. Today, rangers live and work at the ranch.

## Other websites

- Old Borges Ranch

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Old Borges Ranch
- **nrhp type**: hd
- **nocat**: yes
- **image**: Old Borges Ranch (Walnut Creek, CA).JPG
- **location**: Contra Costa County, California
- **nearest city**: Walnut Creek, California, Walnut Creek
- **locmapin**: California#USA
- **architect**: Unknown
- **architecture**: redwood
- **added**: July 7, 1981
- **governing body**: Local
- **refnum**: 81000147
Sparky Anderson

**Sparky Anderson** (22 Feb 1934 - 4 Nov 2010) was a baseball manager, born as George Lee Anderson in Bridgewater, South Dakota.  He managed the Cincinnati Reds and the Detroit Tigers. He was voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2000.
Niki Nordenskjöld

**Annika Nordenskjöld Olsén** (1 December 1975 – 3 September 2014), better known by her stage name **Niki Nordenskjöld**, was a Swedish actress and illustrator. She was best known for her role as Lina in the television comedy series _Solsidan_.

Nordenskjöld was born in Gothenburg. She started her career in 1990 at the age of 15.

Nordenskjöld died from cancer on 3 September 2014 in Stockholm, aged 38.

## Other websites

- Niki Nordenskjöld at The Swedish Film Database

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Niki Nordenskjöld
- **birth name**: Annika Nordenskjöld Olsén
- **birth place**: Gothenburg, Sweden
- **death place**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **yearsactive**: 1990–2014
- **occupation**: Actress, illustrator
National Convention

The **National Convention** was an assembly, meeting in France from September 21st, 1792 until October 26, 1795. This was the third assembly of the French Revolution. It came after the Legislative Assembly and founded the First Republic.
The first act of the National Convention was to get rid of the monarchy. The Legislative Assembly had decided that after Louis XVI was no longer king, a new government would need to create a French constitution. It was decided that all French men over the age of twenty-five would be able to vote, despite class. The winners of this election formed the National Convention. Men on the National Convention would be on the National Convention for a year, followed by another election.

The National Convention became known as the most radical part of the French Revolution. It took land away from the Nobility and sold it to peasants. A number of other reforms were carried out. A decree of the 10th of June 1793 readmitted instalment payments and suppressed sale on cash while also providing land distribution for the benefit of the poor. Decrees dated the 12th of December 1792, the 30th of May 1793 and the 21st of October 1793 ordered and provided for the setting up of primary schools. In 1793 a network of rural health officers was established, with the responsibility of monitoring public health.

Under an Act of June the 28th 1793, as noted by one study, “fathers and mothers depending entirely upon their own labor had a right to national assistance when their wages were inadequate for their family needs.” Assistance for the physically disabled and home medical care was also established. Pensions were provided to the needy, while the claim of the wife upon property held in common with the husband was abolished. Negro slavery was also abolished, along with the practice of imprisoning men for debt. In 1794, a decree was passed establishing a system of insurance and investments against sickness and old age. This plan, however, was abandoned by the directory.

In the Reign of Terror it sent thousands of people to the guillotine for execution. in 1793 they voted to execute Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette.
Sacrifice (2012)

**Sacrifice (2012)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). It was held on May 13, 2012 at the Impact Zone in Orlando, Florida. It was the eighth Sacrifice event that TNA held and was also the fifth event in TNA's 2012 pay-per-view schedule.

There were eight matches on the card. The main event saw Bobby Roode defeat Rob Van Dam in a Ladder match to retain the TNA World Heavyweight Championship.

Sacrifice gained mixed to positive reviews. Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter thought of the show as an, "easy thumbs up show", he would also said, "I will admit to be bored through some of the early parts of it. That wasn't necessarily due to the show not being good, but mainly because I'm rather cold on the product at the moment...Things really picked up for the last three matches. Austin Aries had his breakout match in TNA tonight. If, and that's a big IF, TNA follows up on it properly, they may have something here with Austin Aries."

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**#**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Christopher Daniels and Kazarian defeated Samoa Joe and Magnus (c)|Tag team match for the TNA World Tag Team Championship|10:54|||||
|2|Gail Kim (c) defeated Brooke Tessmacher|Singles match for the TNA Women's Knockout Championship|7:26|||||
|3|Devon (c) defeated Robbie E and Robbie T|Three-Way match for the TNA Television Championship|5:28|||||
|4|Mr. Anderson defeated Jeff Hardy|Singles match|11:47|||||
|5|Crimson defeated Eric Young (with ODB)|Singles match|6:08|||||
|6|Austin Aries defeated Bully Ray|Singles match|13:18|||||
|7|Kurt Angle defeated A.J. Styles|Singles match|20:35|||||
|8|Bobby Roode (c) defeated Rob Van Dam|Ladder match for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship|15:38|||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match|||||||

## Other websites

- Official TNA Sacrifice website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Sacrifice (2012)
- **theme**: "The Inside" by Throwing Gravity
- **promotion**: Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
- **date**: May 13, 2012
- **attendance**: 1,100
- **venue**: Impact Zone
(Universal Studios Florida)
- **city**: Orlando, Florida, Orlando, Florida
- **lastevent**: Lockdown (2012)
- **nextevent**: Slammiversary 10, Slammiversary (2012)
- **event**: TNA Sacrifice, Sacrifice
- **lastevent2**: Sacrifice (2011)
- **nextevent2**: Sacrifice (2014)
Clare Cathcart

**Clare Cathcart** (3 October 1965 – 4 September 2014) was a Northern Irish actress. She appeared in the television series _New Tricks_, _Call the Midwife_ and _Doctors_. She also appeared in _Holby City_, _Father Ted_ and _The Bill_.

Cathcart was born in Bellanaleck, County Fermanagh.

Cathcart died from an asthma attack on 4 September 2014 in Brighton, East Sussex. She was 48.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Clare Cathcart
- **birth place**: Bellanaleck, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland
- **death place**: Brighton, East Sussex, England
- **yearsactive**: 1987–2014
- **occupation**: Actress
Joseph B. Raynor Jr.

**Joseph Bryant** "**Joe**" **Raynor, Jr.** (January 26, 1923 – September 4, 2014) was an American politician and businessman. He was a member of the Democratic Party. From 1965 until 1992, he served as a Member of the North Carolina Senate from the 10th district.

Raynor was born in Cumberland County, North Carolina. He opened up an automotive supply business after finishing high school. He was married to Mildred Horne from 1944 until her death.

Raynor died from a long illness on September 4, 2014 in Fayetteville, North Carolina. He was 91.

## Other websites

- Joseph B. Raynor, Jr. at the North Carolina Manual
Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe (album)

***Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe*** is the only studio album by English progressive rock band Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe. The album was released on June 20, 1989. It was on label Arista Records. The cover was made by Roger Dean.
Timema

***Timema*** is a genus of short-bodied, somewhat thicker stick insects. They are native to the far western United States.

Compared to other stick insects (order Phasmatodea), the genus _Timema_ is basal. It is the earliest living branch to diverge from the phylogenetic tree of the Phasmatodea. To emphasize this, all other stick insects  are sometimes described as "Euphasmatodea."

Five of the 21 species of _Timema_ are parthenogenetic, including two species that have done sexual reproduction for a million years. This is the longest known asexual period for any insect.

_Timema_ sticks are night-feeders: they spend daytime resting on the leaves or bark of the plants they feed on. They are camouflaged. _Timema_ species have colours (green, gray, or brown) and patterns (stripes or dots) which match their background.