juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Brinkmanship

**Brinkmanship** (or **brinksmanship**) is the practice of trying to get a good outcome by pushing events to the brink of active conflict. This succeeds by causing the opponent to back down and make concessions. If they do not back down, they risk engaging in a conflict that would not be good for either side.  That might be done with diplomacy. It is done by making the others think that one party will do something bad rather than concede.  The tactic occurs in international politics, foreign policy, labor relations, modern military strategy, terrorism, and high-stakes litigation.

The term is mainly associated with US Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, from 1953 to 1956 during the Eisenhower administration. Dulles tried to prevent aggression by the Soviet Union by warning that the cost might be massive retaliation against Soviet targets.
Broomfield, Christchurch

**Broomfield** is a suburb on the western side of Christchurch. It was named for an estate by Rev. James Wilson (1813-1886), which he named it after a place near Leith in Scotland. Most of the housing built since 2010. State Highway 1 runs through the suburb and State Highway 73 runs through the northwestern side.
Cornufer cryptotis

***Cornufer cryptotis*** is a frog. People have seen it in exactly two places, western Papua New Guinea and Yapin Island in Indonesia. Scientists saw found it no more than 50 m from the Utowa River, 150 meters above sea level.
Phyllodytes praeceptor

***Phyllodytes praeceptor*** is a frog. It lives in the state of Bahia in Brazil not far from the ocean.  People have also seen it in Serra da Jiboia, 694 m above sea level.

The adult male frog is 20.7-25.8 mm long from nose to rear end.  This frog has large eyes.

This frog is not in danger of dying out. This is because it lives in such a large place.  Human beings cut down much of its forest during the past hundred years, but the forest is so big that there is still a large place left. This frog lives in forests where the branches of the trees come together like a roof. This frog lives on bromeliad plants that live on large trees. The female frog lays eggs in the plant and the tadpoles swim in the water in the middle of the plant.

Human beings grow cacao under trees to shade the cacao plants. These frogs can live on these farm trees too. This is another reason why the frogs are not in danger.

Scientists think that the frogs might be in danger if people take away their bromeliad plants, but they do not think anyone is doing this as of 2021.
Sophomore

**Sophomore** is a term used in the United States to describe a student in the second year of study (generally referring to high school or university study).  The word is also sometimes used in the USA as jargon for the second album released by a musician or group, the second movie of a director, or the second season of a professional athlete.

The word comes  from Greek, _sophisma_ ‘clever device’ from _sophizesthai_ ‘to devise, become wise’, and the original English spelling was "Sophumer".  It was not until 1726 that the spelling was established in America as "sophomore."

### High school

In the United States, the 10th grade is usually the second year of a student's high school period and is referred to as sophomore year. High school sophomores are expected to begin preparing for the college application process, including reducing and focusing their extracurricular activities. Most students reach the age of 16 while they are sophomores. The year is considered a watermark for independence, closely connected with getting a driver's license in most states. The PSAT, a college preparatory exam taken across the U.S., is now most commonly taken during a student's sophomore year. Students at this level are also considered to be developing greater ability for abstract thinking.

### College

In the U.S., colleges generally require students to declare an academic major by the end of their sophomore year. College sophomores are advised to begin thinking about career options and to get involved in volunteering or social organizations on or near campus.
Jeff Zients

**Jeffrey Dunston Zients** (born November 12, 1966) is an American businessman and politician who was the 31st White House Chief of Staff from 2023 until 2025 during the Joe Biden administration. From February 2014 to January 2017, he was the director of the National Economic Council. Zients was also acting director of the Office of Management and Budget in 2010 and 2013.

Zients was a member of Facebook's board of directors from 2018 to 2020.

In December 2020, Joe Biden named Zients as coordinator of the COVID-19 response and counselor to the president in his administration.

In January 2023, it was announced that Zients would replace Ron Klain as White House Chief of Staff in February.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **embed**: yes
- **office4**: White House COVID-19 Response Team, White House Coronavirus Response Coordinator
- **president4**: Joe Biden
- **term start4**: January 20, 2021
- **term end4**: April 5, 2022
- **predecessor4**: Deborah Birx
- **successor4**: Ashish Jha
- **office5**: Director of the Office of Management and Budget
- **status5**: Acting
- **president5**: Barack Obama
- **deputy5**: Heather Higginbottom
- **term start5**: January 27, 2012
- **term end5**: April 24, 2013
- **predecessor5**: Jack Lew
- **successor5**: Sylvia Mathews Burwell
- **president6**: Barack Obama
- **deputy6**: Jeffrey Liebman
- **term start6**: July 30, 2010
- **term end6**: November 18, 2010
- **predecessor6**: Peter R. Orszag
- **successor6**: Jack Lew
- **office7**: 1st Chief Performance Officer of the United States
- **president7**: Barack Obama
- **term start7**: June 19, 2009
- **term end7**: October 16, 2013
- **predecessor7**: Position established
- **successor7**: Beth Cobert


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jeff Zients
- **image**: Jeff Zients, WHCOS.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2023
- **alt**: Zients in 2023
- **office**: 31st White House Chief of Staff
- **president**: Joe Biden
- **term start**: February 8, 2023
- **term end**: January 20, 2025
- **deputy**: Jen O'Malley Dillon
Bruce Reed (political operative), Bruce Reed
- **predecessor**: Ron Klain
- **successor**: Susie Wiles
- **office1**: Counselor to the President
- **president1**: Joe Biden
- **alongside1**: Steve Ricchetti
- **term start1**: January 20, 2021
- **term end1**: April 5, 2022
- **predecessor1**: Hope Hicks
Derek Lyons
- **successor1**: Steve Ricchetti
- **office2**: 10th Director of the National Economic Council (United States), National Economic Council
- **president2**: Barack Obama
- **term start2**: March 5, 2014
- **term end2**: January 20, 2017
- **predecessor2**: Gene Sperling
- **successor2**: Gary Cohn
- **office3**: Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget for Management
- **president3**: Barack Obama
- **term start3**: June 19, 2009
- **term end3**: October 16, 2013
- **predecessor3**: Clay Johnson III
- **successor3**: Beth Cobert
- **birth name**: Jeffrey Dunston Zients
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Mary Menell
- **education**: Duke University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Avenue of Mathematics (Seville)

The **Avenida de las Matemáticas** is a public avenue located in Seville, Spain.

## Background

In December 2019, a group of young people from the _Montaigne College_ in Seville promoted, together with their mathematics teacher, José Carlos Gámez, a campaign on Change.org to collect signatures and create a mathematics avenue in Seville. They created a website (callematematicassevilla.wordpress.com). In 2020, they had the support of the Seville Institute of Mathematics and the University of Seville.

On March 14, 2022, International Mathematics Day, the mayor of Seville, Antonio Muñoz, received the promoters of the campaign and approved the proposal. That same year it was presented at the _XX Jornadas para el Aprendizaje y Enseñanza de las Matemáticas_.

## Inauguration

On January 10, 2023, the Avenue was presented with the mayor of Seville, the education minister of the Junta de Andalucía, and various members of the Seville mathematical community.

### Criticism

Just after the Mathematics Avenue was inaugurated, Carlos Navarro Antolín, opinion journalist from the Diario de Sevilla, suggested that now a Latin and Greek street will be released, criticizing that the mayor is more concerned with mathematics.

Some people also complained that the opening ceremony of the Avenue was too exclusive, or that the street chosen was not the most suitable.

## Infobox (street)

- **image**: Avenida_Matemáticas_US.jpg
- **caption**: Inauguration of the street (2023)
- **location**: Seville
- **inauguration date**: January 2023
Nataša Pirc Musar

**Nataša Pirc Musar** (born May 9, 1968) is a Slovenian attorney and author. She is the 5th President of Slovenia since December 23, 2022. She is the former Information Commissioner and former president of the Slovenian Red Cross (2015–2016). She is the first female president of Slovenia.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Nataša Pirc Musar
- **image**: Nataša Pirc Musar (2023-05-19).jpg
- **caption**: Pirc Musar in 2023
- **office**: 5th President of Slovenia
- **primeminister**: Robert Golob
- **term start**: December 23, 2022
- **predecessor**: Borut Pahor
- **office1**: 1st Information commissioner
- **term start1**: July 17, 2004
- **term end1**: July 16, 2014
- **predecessor1**: Office established
- **successor1**: Mojca Prelesnik
- **birth name**: Nataša Pirc
- **birth place**: Ljubljana, Socialist Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFR Yugoslavia
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **spouse**: Aleš Musar
- **children**: 1 son
- **education**: University of Ljubljana
University of Vienna
Denys Monastyrsky

**Denys Anatoliiovych Monastyrsky** (; 12 June 1980 – 18 January 2023) was a Ukrainian lawyer and politician. He was Ukraine's Minister of Internal Affairs from 16 July 2021, until his death in a helicopter crash in January 2023.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Denys Monastyrsky
- **native name lang**: uk
- **image**: Denys Monastyrsky.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2021
- **office**: 12th Minister of Internal Affairs (Ukraine), Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine
- **term start**: 16 July 2021
- **term end**: 18 January 2023
- **president**: Volodymyr Zelenskyy
- **primeminister**: Denys Shmyhal
- **predecessor**: Arsen Avakov
- **successor**: Ihor Klymenko (acting)
- **office1**: People's Deputy of Ukraine
- **convocation1**: 9th Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada, 9th convocation
- **constituency1**: Servant of the People
- **term start1**: 29 August 2019
- **term end1**: 16 July 2021
- **birth place**: Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine, Khmelnytskyi, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
- **death place**: Brovary, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine
- **death cause**: 2023 Brovary helicopter crash, Helicopter crash
- **party**: Servant of the People
- **spouse**: Zhanna
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: Khmelnytskyi National University, Khmelnytskyi University of Management and Law
- **commands**: Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine
- **serviceyears**: 2021–2023
- **battles**: * 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Universal Credit

Universal Credit is part of the  United Kingdom Social Security system. It was started in 2013 to replace six benefits for working-age people with a low income: income-related Employment and Support Allowance, income-based Jobseeker's Allowance,  Income Support, Child Tax Credit, Working Tax Credit and Housing Benefit. Like them it is means test<nowiki/>ed.

It is paid to families once a month and is designed to help people to work as much as they can.  People under 25 get less. An extra amount is paid for children, but only for 2 unless they were born before 6 April 2017, are adopted or are born as part of a multiple birth. Extra money is paid for disabled people, disabled children and carers.

According to the New Economics Foundation the rates of benefit were not sufficient to meet the minimum income standard calculated by Loughborough University’s Centre for Research in Social Policy in April 2023.

People who are working can claim back up to 85% of their childcare costs. People who are responsible for a child or young person or living with a disability or health condition that affects their ability to work get a ‘work allowance’.  Each £1 earned (above the monthly work allowance if there is one) reduces the payment by 55p.  Universal Credit is paid monthly.  People who are paid 4 weekly will get 2 sets of wages in one assessment period once a year, which will reduce their Universal Credit payment.

There is money for rent and some service charges. This is called the housing element.  In every area there is a Local Housing Allowance for people renting private property.  Help is limited to this level.  It was set at the rent of one of the cheapest 30% of homes in the area in 2012. There are different levels for homes with different numbers of bedrooms.  It was increased in September 2019  but since then in many places rents have risen more than the allowance.  Two-thirds of lower income privately renting households have to find at least a quarter of their rent.

People who are able to work must look for work or increase their earnings or their payment may be reduced. Self employed people are generally given a  _minimum income floor._ This is treated as their income each month that their reported income is less.

Claims are generally made and managed online.  People can go to Jobcentre Plus offices where their claims are managed.  Citizens Advice are paid by the government to help people to claim.

5.7 million people were getting Universal Credit in July 2022. 30% were not required to work. Half the households had children.  The average monthly payment was £810.
Paul Mescal

**Paul Mescal** (; born 2 February 1996) is an Irish actor. His role in the miniseries _Normal People_ (2020), earned him a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award. His role in the 2022 movie _Aftersun_, earned him nominations for the BAFTA and Academy Award for Best Actor. He is also known for playing William Shakespeare in the 2025 movie _Hamnet_ (2025).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Paul Mescal
- **image**: Paul Mescal 44.MVFF.jpg
- **caption**: Mescal in 2021
- **birth place**: Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
- **education**: Trinity College Dublin (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 2017–present
Hong Chau

**Hong Chau** (born June 25, 1979) is a Thai-born American actress. She became well known for her role in _Downsizing_. She had roles in the television shows _Watchmen_ (2019) and _Homecoming_ (2018–2020).

In 2023, Chau was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in _The Whale_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hong Chau
- **image**: Hong_Chau_2016.jpg
- **caption**: Chau in 2016
- **birth place**: Thailand
- **citizenship**: American
- **alma mater**: Boston University
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 2006–present
- **children**: 1
Daniels (directors)

**Daniel Kwan** () and **Daniel Scheinert**, known collectively as **Daniels**, are American movie directors and screenwriters. They are known for directing the science-fiction movie _Everything Everywhere All at Once_ (2022). For this movie, the Daniels won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Daniels
- **image**: Swiss Army Man Interview with Daniel Scheinert and Daniel Kwan (cropped).jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **alt**: Daniels smiling in front of a film poster
- **caption**: Scheinert (left) and Kwan promoting _Swiss Army Man_ in 2016
- **birth date**: **Daniel Kwan**

Westborough, Massachusetts, U.S.**Daniel Scheinert**

Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.
- **years active**: 2007–present
- **alma mater**: Emerson College
Todd Field

**William Todd Field** (born February 24, 1964) is an American actor and filmmaker. He is known for directing _In the Bedroom_ (2001), _Little Children_ (2006), and _Tár_ (2022). Field has earned six Academy Award nominations, including Best Director, and Best Original Screenplay. His father-in-law was screenwriter Bo Goldman.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Todd Field
- **image**: File:Todd Field, Deauville Film Festival 5 September 2006 crop.jpg
- **caption**: Field at the Deauville Film Festival in 2006
- **birth name**: William Todd Field
- **birth place**: Pomona, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1985–present
- **children**: 4
Martin McDonagh

**Martin Faranan McDonagh** (; born 26 March 1970) is a British-Irish playwright, screenwriter, producer, and director. He has been nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director and won four BAFTA Awards, three Laurence Olivier Awards. He was nominated for five Tony Awards. He directed the dark comedy movies _In Bruges_ (2008), _Seven Psychopaths_ (2012), _Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri_ (2017), and _The Banshees of Inisherin_ (2022).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Martin McDonagh
- **image**: Martin McDonagh 2012.jpg
- **caption**: McDonagh in 2012
- **birth name**: Martin Faranan McDonagh
- **birth place**: Camberwell, London, England
- **relatives**: John Michael McDonagh (brother)
- **years active**: 1996–present
- **partner**: Phoebe Waller-Bridge (2018–present)
Ruben Östlund

**Ruben Östlund** (born 13 April 1974) is a Swedish filmmaker. He is known for his movies _Force Majeure_ (2014), _The Square_ (2017) and _Triangle of Sadness_ (2022). For his 2022 movie _Triangle of Sadness_, he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ruben Östlund
- **image**: Ruben Östlund in Aug 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Ruben Östlund in 2014
- **birth place**: Styrsö, Sweden
- **nationality**: Swedish
- **alma mater**: University of Gothenburg
- **occupation**: Filmmaker
- **years active**: 1993–present
- **notable works**: _Force Majeure_, _The Square_, _Triangle of Sadness_
- **spouse**: Anna Östlund (married ?–2008)
- **partner**: Sina Görcz (2014–present)
- **children**: 3
Citizens Advice

**Citizens Advice** (used to be called Citizens Advice Bureau) is the biggest independent advice organisation in the United Kingdom. The first 200 offices opened on 4 September 1939, four days after World War II started.  In 1973, the government paid NACAB, the National Association of Citizens Advice Bureaux, to open more offices. In 2008/9, there were 416 member organisations offering advice from over 3,300 laces in England and Wales and 22 more in [Northern Ireland. They are all independent Charitable organizations.
All Quiet on the Western Front (2022 movie)

***All Quiet on the Western Front*** () is a 2022 German epic anti-war movie. It is based on the 1929 novel of the same name by Erich Maria Remarque. It is directed by Edward Berger. It stars Felix Kammerer, Albrecht Schuch, Daniel Brühl, Sebastian Hülk, Aaron Hilmer, Edin Hasanovic and Devid Striesow.

_All Quiet on the Western Front_ was released to streaming on Netflix on October 28, 2022. It had strong positive reviews from critics. It received a leading 14 nominations at the 76th British Academy Film Awards and nine at the 95th Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
The Banshees of Inisherin

***The Banshees of Inisherin*** is a 2022 dark tragic comedy movie directed, written, and co-produced by Martin McDonagh. The movie stars Colin Farrell and Brendan Gleeson as two lifelong friends, who are no longer friends which causes bad things to happen to their lives. Kerry Condon and Barry Keoghan also star.

## Plot

The setting is year 1923 on an island, that also is a place of fiction (or not real); The island is on the Irish west coast; A farmer (Colin Farrell) lives there in a simple house with his sister Siobhan (Kerry Condon); They have two cows and a small donkey.

## Awards

The movie received nine nominations at the 95th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director (for McDonagh), Best Actor (for Farrell), Best Supporting Actor (for both Gleeson and Keoghan), Best Supporting Actress (for Condon) and Best Original Screenplay.

It also had eight nominations at the 80th Golden Globe Awards, winning three Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Best Actor – Musical or Comedy (for Farrell), and Best Screenplay.

## Infobox (film)

- **director**: Martin McDonagh
- **writer**: Martin McDonagh
- **cinematography**: Ben Davis (cinematographer), Ben Davis
- **editing**: Mikkel E. G. Nielsen
- **music**: Carter Burwell
- **distributor**: Searchlight Pictures
- **runtime**: 114 minutes
- **language**: English
- **gross**: $29.1 million
Everything Everywhere All at Once

***Everything Everywhere All at Once*** is a 2022 American absurdist comedy-drama movie written and directed by Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert (known as the "Daniels"). Kwan and Scheinert produced it with Anthony and Joe Russo and Jonathan Wang.

## Plot

The movie is about a Chinese-American immigrant (played by Michelle Yeoh) who discovers that she must connect with parallel universe versions of herself to prevent a powerful villain from destroying the multiverse.

The movie also stars Stephanie Hsu, Ke Huy Quan, Jenny Slate, Harry Shum Jr., James Hong, and Jamie Lee Curtis.

## Awards

The movie was named a top-ten movie of 2022 by the National Board of Review and the American Film Institute. The movie also received two Golden Globes for Yeoh and Quan at the 80th Golden Globe Awards. It was nominated for 6 awards at the Golden Globes.

It was nominated for eleven awards at the 95th Academy Awards. It won seven of them, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actress for Yeoh,Best Supporting Actor for Quan, and Best Supporting Actress for Curtis. It is the first science-fiction movie to win Best Picture.

## Other websites

- Official screenplay

## Infobox (film)

- **italic title**: force
- **name**: Everything Everywhere All at Once
- **image**: Everything everywhere all at once logo.jpg
- **border**: no
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Daniels (directors), Daniel Kwan
Daniel Scheinert
- **cinematography**: Larkin Seiple
- **editing**: Paul Rogers
- **music**: Son Lux
- **distributor**: A24
- **runtime**: 139 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **budget**: $25 million
- **gross**: $141.2 million
The Fabelmans

***The Fabelmans*** is a 2022 American coming-of-age drama movie directed by Steven Spielberg, who co-wrote and co-produced it with Tony Kushner. The movie is a bit of an autobiographical story based on Spielberg's early years and first years as a filmmaker.

It stars Gabriel LaBelle as Sammy, alongside Michelle Williams, Paul Dano, Seth Rogen, and Judd Hirsch. The movie is dedicated to the memories of Spielberg's real-life parents Leah Adler and Arnold Spielberg.

The movie received seven nominations at the 95th Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Director for Spielberg, Best Actress for Williams, Best Supporting Actor for Hirsch.

It also earned five nominations at the 80th Golden Globe Awards in 2023, winning Best Motion Picture – Drama and Best Director for Spielberg.

## Awards and nominations

|scope="col"|Award|scope="col"|Year|scope="col"|Category|scope="col"|Work|scope="col"|Result|scope="col"|Ref.|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Best Breakthrough Performer|rowspan=21|_The Fabelmans_||style="text-align:center;"|||||||
||Breakthrough Film Artist||style="text-align:center;"|||||||||
|:en:28th Critics' Choice Awards|Best Young Actor/Actress||style="text-align:center;"|||||||||
|rowspan="4"||Best Breakthrough Performance||style="text-align:center;"||||||||
|Rising Star of the Year||style="text-align:center;"||||||||||
|Breakthrough Award||style="text-align:center;"||||||||||
|Best Breakthrough Performer||style="text-align:center;"||||||||||
|:en:6th Hollywood Critics Association Film Awards|Star on the Rise Award||style="text-align:center;"|||||||||
||Best Breakthrough Performance||style="text-align:center;"|||||||||
|rowspan="2"||Best Actor||style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"||||||||
|Best Male Youth Performance||||||||||||
|rowspan="2"||Best Actor||style="text-align:center;"||||||||
|Best Young Actor||style="text-align:center;"||||||||||
|:en:National Board of Review Awards 2022|Breakthrough Performance||style="text-align:center;"|||||||||
||Best Breakthrough Performance||style="text-align:center;"|||||||||
||Best Newcomer||style="text-align:center;"|||||||||
||Best Breakthrough Performance: Male||style="text-align:center;"|||||||||
||Best Actor||style="text-align:center;"|||||||||
|:en:San Diego Film Critics Society Awards 2022|Best Actor||style="text-align:center;"|||||||||
|:en:27th Satellite Awards|Best Actor in a Motion Picture, Drama||style="text-align:center;"|||||||||
|:en:Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards 2022|Best Youth Performance||style="text-align:center;"|||||||||
Tár

***Tár*** is a 2022 psychological drama movie written and directed by Todd Field and stars Cate Blanchett, Nina Hoss, Noémie Merlant, Sophie Kauer, Julian Glover, Allan Corduner, and Mark Strong.

_Tár_ premiered at the 79th Venice International Film Festival in September 2022. It was released on October 28, 2022, by Focus Features to positive reviews. The American Film Institute named it one of the top 10 films of the year.

At the 95th Academy Awards, _Tár_ received six nominations including Best Picture, Best Director for Field, Best Actress for Blanchett, and Field for Best Original Screenplay.
Triangle of Sadness

***Triangle of Sadness*** is a 2022 black comedy movie written and directed by Ruben Östlund. It stars Harris Dickinson, Charlbi Dean, Dolly de Leon, Zlatko Burić, Henrik Dorsin, Vicki Berlin, and Woody Harrelson. The movie is about a celebrity couple on a luxury cruise with rich guests.

The movie had positive reviews. It received three nominations at the 95th Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

## Infobox (film)

- **director**: Ruben Östlund
- **writer**: Ruben Östlund
- **cinematography**: Fredrik Wenzel
- **runtime**: 147 minutes
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $15.6 million
- **gross**: $21.8 million
Women Talking (movie)

***Women Talking*** is a 2022 American drama movie written and directed by Sarah Polley. It is based on the 2018 novel of the same name by Miriam Toews. The movie stars Rooney Mara, Claire Foy, Jessie Buckley, Judith Ivey, Ben Whishaw, and Frances McDormand.

It was released on January 20, 2023, by United Artists Releasing. It was named one of the top ten movies of 2022 by the National Board of Review and the American Film Institute. At the 95th Academy Awards, it received nominations for Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay.
The Whale (2022 movie)

***The Whale*** is a 2022 American drama movie directed by Darren Aronofsky and written by Samuel D. Hunter. It is based on Hunter's 2012 play of the same name. It stars Brendan Fraser, Sadie Sink, Hong Chau, Ty Simpkins, and Samantha Morton.

The movie is about a depressed English teacher with obesity who tries to fix his relationship with his teenage daughter.

_The Whale_ was released on December 21, 2022 by A24. The movie was controversial for its portrayal of obese people, however Fraser's and Chau's performances had positive reviews, both of which would earn nominations for an Academy Award.

## Infobox (film)

- **director**: Darren Aronofsky
- **screenplay**: Samuel D. Hunter
- **cinematography**: Matthew Libatique
- **editing**: Andrew Weisblum
- **music**: Rob Simonsen
- **studio**: Protozoa Pictures
- **distributor**: A24
- **runtime**: 117 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $3 million
- **gross**: $13.2 million
Hauschka

**Volker Bertelmann** (born 1966) is a German pianist and composer. He performs and records under the name **Hauschka**. In 2023, he won an Academy Award for Best Original Score for his work in _All Quiet on the Western Front_ and a BAFTA Award.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: File:Volker Bertelmann Hauschka TheSugarClub Dublin 2009 3.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Hauschka during a solo performance in The Sugar Club Dublin
- **birth name**: Volker Bertelmann
- **origin**: Germany
- **genre**: Electronic music, avant-garde
- **occupation**: Musician, Composer
- **instrument**: Piano
- **label**: City Slang and Temporary Residence Limited, Temporary Residence
- **associated acts**: Music AM, Tonetraeger
- **website**: [https://hauschka-net.de/ www.hauschka-net.de]
Son Lux

**Son Lux** is an American experimental band. Their careers began in 2008. The band composed the music for 2022 science fiction action movie _Everything Everywhere All at Once_, which received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Score at the 95th Academy Awards.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Son Lux
- **image**: Son Lux in 2016.jpg
- **caption**: Son Lux in 2016. From left to right: Ian Chang, Ryan Lott and Rafiq Bhatia.
- **origin**: New York, U.S.
- **years active**: 2008–present
Babylon (2022 movie)

***Babylon*** is a 2022 American epic period comedy-drama movie written and directed by Damien Chazelle. It stars Brad Pitt, Margot Robbie, Diego Calva, Jean Smart, Jovan Adepo, and Li Jun Li with Tobey Maguire. It is about how the change from silent to sound films in the late 1920s affected Hollywood actors.

It was released in the United States on December 23, 2022 by Paramount Pictures to mixed reviews.

It received three nominations at the 95th Academy Awards, including Best Original Score for Justin Hurwitz and five nominations at the 80th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, winning Best Original Score.
Soft play area

An indoor play structure, also known as a **soft play area**, is a form of children's play structure that is commonly used indoors. These play structures often feature slides, ball pits, and ziplines. They may be very large (Billy Beez in the Mall of Dhahran in Saudi Arabia), or very small (the Alpine Soft Play Village at We Are Vertigo - Newtownbreda).
Vasudeva

According to Hindu scripture, **Vasudeva** (Devanagari , IAST **'), also called **Ānakadundubhii''' ("Drum", after the sound of drums heard at the time of his birth), is the father of the Hindu deities Krishna (Vāsudeva, i.e. "son of Vasudeva"), Balarama and Subhadra. He was king of the Vrishnis. He was the son of king Shurasena. Moreover, Vasudeva was not a brother or cousin of Nanda, the foster-father of Krishna. His sister Kunti was married to Pandu. Kunti plays a big role later in the war Mahabharata.

According to the Harivansa Purana, Vasudeva and Nanda (who took care of Krishna during his early years as a child) were not brothers and Nanda was a Gwala and friend of Vasudeva.

## Sage Kashyapa incarnated as Vasudeva

Sage Kashyapa is said to have incarnated as Vasudeva, the father of Krishna due to a curse of the god Brahma. Once, the sage performed a yajna (a Vedic sacrifice) in his hermitage for the welfare of the world. Kashyapa sought the help of the god Varuna for the offerings of milk, ghee etc. Varuna granted the sage a holy cow which will provide the offerings on the condition that the sage returns the same to Varuna after the sacrifice. After completing the sacrifice after several days, Kashyapa was overcome with greed, realizing the miraculous power of the cow, and refused to return the cow arguing that whatever is offered to a Brahmin like Kashyapa should never be sought back, and whoever does that would turn out to be a sinner.

Varuna requested Brahma for intervention. Brahma told the sage to get rid of his greed which is capable of destroying all his virtues, but Kashyapa remained adamant. The enraged Brahma cursed Kashyapa that he would be born on earth again as a cowherd and his two cows Aditi and Surabhi would be his two wives. This was King Vasudeva with his wives Rohiņi and Devaki, and the god Vishnu would be born as his son.
Mustard (color)

**Mustard** is a shade of yellow. It is a dull/dark yellow color that resembles culinary mustard. It is similar to the color flax. Sometimes, we usually call this color **mustard yellow**. It is because it matches the condiment's color. Other names include **culinary mustard** or **culinary mustard yellow**.
Sirius XM

**Sirius XM Holdings Inc.** is an American broadcasting company. It uses satellite radio and online radio to broadcast in the United States. The company was made in 2008. It was made because Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Satellite Radio merged into one company.

Sirius XM has many different radio channels. One of its most popular channels is SiriusXM Hits 1.

In 2018, Sirius Xm bought Pandora. Pandora is a music streaming company.

As of 2016, the company has surpassed 30 million subscribers.
Soot

**Soot** is a mass of carbon particles. It comes from incomplete burning. It is known to cause  cancer and lung diseases.
FilmFreeway

**FilmFreeway** is a Canadian website for people who make movies. They use it to submit their movies to hundreds of movies festivals around the world. It was the official sponsor of the 2020 Orlando cinema festival.

## Partners

Partial list of partners:
- Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
- Sundance
- Doc NYC
- Raindance
- Slamdance

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: FilmFreeway
- **type**: Movie
- **language**: English
- **current status**: Active
Harriet Monroe

**Harriet Monroe** (December 23, 1860 – September 26, 1936) was an American editor, poet, and patron of the arts.

She started _Poetry_ magazine in 1912. She was its editor until she died in 1936.

Monroe was the daughter of a lawyer in Chicago. She attended a private girls school in Washington, D. C. Then she wrote for the Chicago Tribune newspaper.

She published her first poem, “With a Copy of Shelley,” in _The Century_ in 1899. Her first book of poems was _Valeria and Other Poems_. She wrote a poem for the opening of Chicago's Columbian Exposition in 1893. She read it in public before a large crowd. In 1903 she published a book of plays, _The Passing Show_.

She thought that American poetry should be different from European poetry. She also thought that poetry should be more original than many of the poems that were being printed in other places. She believed that poets should make money for their work, as other artists did. She began _Poetry_ magazine by asking 100 people to give 50 dollars for five years. She also asked many writers and poets to send their work for her to print.  The poet Ezra Pound wrote back quickly. He became an important person in the magazine.

Monroe died suddenly in 1936 in Peru.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Harriet Monroe
- **image**: Harriet Monroe 1920a.jpg
- **caption**: Monroe in 1920
- **birth date**: December 23, 1860
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **death place**: Arequipa, Peru
- **resting place**: Arequipa, Peru
- **occupation**: Editor of _Poetry (magazine), Poetry_ magazine
- **language**: English
- **citizenship**: United States of America
- **education**: Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School
- **period**: 1899-1936
- **genre**: poetry
- **movement**: Modernism
- **relatives**: John Wellborn Root (brother-in-law)
Forb

A **forb** is a plant with broad leaves, flowers, and no woody stem. Forbs are herbaceous plants because their stems are green and soft, not woody. Many familiar plants are forbs, such as sunflowers, clovers, and melons.

Forbs are not a grouping used in taxonomy, because some forbs are more closely related to other plants than they are to each other. All herbaceous flowering plants are forbs except grasses, sedges, and rushes.
Louis V of France

**Louis V** (26 February 967 — 22 May 987) nicknamed **the Do-Nothing** () was the King of West Francia from 986 until his death a year later in 987. Unlike his father, Louis was an unpopular, ineffective, and unsuccessful ruler. During his reign, the nobles ruled the country and their power increased as Louis was not interested in ruling.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Louis V
- **image**: Amiel - Louis V of France.jpg
- **caption**: An artist's :en:wikt:depiction, depiction of Louis
- **succession**: List of French monarchs, King of West Francia
- **moretext**: (Style of the French sovereign, more...)
- **coronation**: 8 June 979
- **cor-type**: France
- **predecessor**: Lothair of France, Lothair
- **successor**: Hugh Capet
- **spouse**: Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou
(m. 982; div. 984)
- **house**: Carolingian dynasty, Carolingian
- **father**: Lothair of France
- **mother**: Emma of Italy
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Forest of Halatte, Oise, France
- **religion**: Catholic Church, Roman Catholicism
Rudolphina Menzel

**Rudolphina Menzel** (March 1, 1891–1973) was an Austrian-Jewish cynologist, or dog expert, and dog breeder. She created the dog breed called the Canaan dog. She founded the first Kennel Club (now the Israeli Kennel Club).

## Early life

Menzel has been fascinated with dogs ever since she got bitten when she was four years old.

She rescued stray dogs from the streets but her parents consider dogs dirty and would not allow them in the house. She gave her allowance to her neighbors to take care of the stray dogs she rescued.

## Career

At their villa in the 1920’s the Menzels founded a dog training school. There Menzel and her husband studied dogs. Menzel trained common military breeds like German Shepards, Doberman pinschers, and Boxers.

She trained dogs to offer protection. She trained dogs for the German police and the German army. She specifically used Hebrew commands.

Menzel Bred her own dog called the Canaan dog. They were first found in the Israel Kennel club in 1953. Caanan dogs were bred from Pariah Dogs German Shepherds, Doberman Pinschers, and Boxers.

Menzel knew that dogs were used by police in Europe to hurt Jewish people. She was sad that Jewish people had become scared of dogs. Her goal for breeding dogs in Palestine was to bridge between the Jewish people and dogs.

Menzel’s dogs can track and carry sent and messages over many kilometers. Menzel created the breed known as "Israel's national dog."
Childeric III

**Childeric III** ( 717 –  754) was King of Francia from 743 until 751. He was deposed by Pope Zachary because of Pepin the Short. Although who his parents were is not known, he is believed to be the last Frankish king from the Merovingian dynasty. After he was deposed, Pepin the Short was made king. This started the Carolingian dynasty. Pepin was the father of emperor Charlemagne,

## Infobox (royalty)

- **succession**: King of the Franks
- **image**: Jean Dassier (1676-1763) - Childéric III roy de France (754).jpg
- **reign**: 743–751
- **predecessor**: Theuderic IV
Charles Martel
- **successor**: Pepin the Short
- **issue**: Theuderic
- **house**: Merovingian
- **house-type**: Dynasty
- **father**: Chilperic II or Theuderic IV
- **birth date**: 717
- **death date**: 754
Mount Sinai

**Mount Sinai** ( _Har Sinai_; Aramaic: ܛܘܪܐ ܕܣܝܢܝ _Ṭūrāʾ Dsyny_), also known as **Jabal Musa** (, translation: Mount Moses), is a mountain on the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. It is possibly the place where Moses was given the Ten Commandments, according to the Torah, Bible, and Quran, .

It is a  high mountain near the city of Saint Catherine in the region known today as the Sinai Peninsula. The mountain is surrounded on all sides by higher peaks in its mountain range. It is next to Mount Catherine which, at , is the highest peak in Egypt.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount Sinai
- **native name lang**: ar
- **other name**:

- **photo**: Mount Moses.jpg
- **photo caption**: The summit of Mount Sinai
- **elevation m**: 2,285
- **location**: South Sinai Governorate, Sinai, Asian part of Egypt
- **map**: Egypt
Louis X of France

**Louis X** (4 October 1289 – 5 June 1316), known as **the Quarrelsome** (French: _le Hutin)_, was King of France from 1314 and King of Navarre as Louis I from 1305 until his death. He freed serfs who could not buy their freedom and allowed Jews into France. His short reign was marked by tensions with the nobility because of economic reforms, which had started during the reign of his father, Philip IV. He was succeeded by his son John I.

Louis inherited the Kingdom of Navarre from his mother, Joan, on 4 April 1305 and was crowned on 1 October 1307. Louis' first wife would be found guilty of infidelity during the Tour de Nesle affair.

He died on 5 June 1316 from either pneumonia or pleurisy after a game of real tennis and was buried in the Basilica of Saint-Denis, where his effigy still exists.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Louis X
- **reign**: 29 November 1314 – 5 June 1316
- **title**: King of France
- **predecessor**: Philip IV of France
- **successor**: John I of France
- **birth date**: 4 October 1289
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death date**: 5 June 1316
- **death place**: Vincennes, Val-de-Marne, France
- **burial date**: 7 June 1316
- **burial place**: Saint Denis Basilica
- **issue**: John I of France
- **father**: Philip IV of France
- **house**: Capetian dynasty
- **image**: Jean de Joinville Louis X (cropped).jpeg
- **caption**: Miniature depiction from the Vie de saint Louis, 1330-1340
- **spouse**:
Hethum II of Armenia

**Hethum II** (Armenian: Հեթում Բ; 1266 – November 17, 1307), was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1289 to 1293, 1295 to 1296 and 1299 to 1303, while Armenia was a subject state of the Mongol Empire. He was the son of Leo III of Armenia.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Hethum II
- **image**: HetoumIIDrawing.JPG
- **caption**: King Hethum II, in a Franciscan gown
- **succession**: King of Cilician Armenia
- **reign**: 1289–1293
- **predecessor**: Leo III of Armenia
- **successor**: Thoros III of Armenia, Thoros III
- **succession1**: King of Cilician Armenia
- **reign1**: 1295–1296
- **predecessor1**: Thoros III
- **successor1**: Sempad of Armenia, Sempad
- **succession2**: King of Cilician Armenia
- **reign2**: 1299–1303
- **reign-type2**: Reign
- **predecessor2**: Constantine I, King of Armenia, Constantine I
- **successor2**: Leo III, King of Armenia, Leo III
- **birth date**: 1266
- **death date**: November 17, 1307
- **father**: Leo III of Armenia
Alice B. Toklas

**Alice Babette Toklas** (April 30, 1877 – March 7, 1967) was the life partner of American writer Gertrude Stein. Later in her life, she wrote cookbooks and her memoirs.

Toklas was born in San Francisco. Her parents were rich. She went to private schools and The University of Washington in Seattle. After the San Francisco earthquake in 1906, she met the brother and sister-in-law of Gertrude Stein. They told her about life in Paris, and she was very interested in that.

In September 1907, Toklas went to Paris and soon met Gertrude Stein. They became friends and lovers. They lived together in Paris and southern France until Stein died in 1946. Toklas managed their household. She took care of the details of everyday life. This let Stein work on her writing. In Paris they were able to hold weekly gatherings where Stein's art collection would be shown. Many important artists and writers came to these, such as Pablo Picasso and Ernest Hemingway.

In 1933 Stein wrote her own life story, but she called it _The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas_. The book was very popular, and Toklas became famous. From October 1934 to May 1935, she went to America with Stein. Stein gave lectures about writing and was very popular.

After Stein died, Toklas wrote her cookbook. It included little stories about Stein and their adventures in France. And she wrote her memoir of life with Stein. She died in 1967. She is buried next to Stein in the Pére-Lachaise cemetery in Paris.

## Books

- _The Alice B. Toklas Cookbook (1954)_
- _Aromas and Flavors of Past and Present_ (1958)
- _What Is Remembered_ (1963)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alice B. Toklas
- **image**: Alice B. Toklas, by Carl Van Vechten - 1949.jpg
- **alt**: Alice B. Toklas, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1949
- **caption**: Toklas, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1949
- **birth name**: Alice Babette Toklas
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **resting place**: Père Lachaise Cemetery
- **occupation**: Avant-garde
- **partner**: Gertrude Stein (1907–1946)
- **education**: University of Washington
San Fernando City, La Union

**San Fernando City, La Union** is a 3rd class component city in La Union, Philippines. It is the regional capital of Region 1 (Ilocos), and has a population of about 125,640, according to the 2020 Region 1 census. The City of San Fernando is in the mountains at almost the mid-section of La Union along the China Sea. It was founded in May 6, 1786 and made the “cabecera” or provincial capital on the same day that La Union became province in 1850.

## Tourist spots

Some famous tourist spots in San Fernando include:
- Taoist Temple
- Christ the Redeemer Statue (Not to be confused with the Christ the Redeemer (statue) in Rio de Janiero, Brazil)
- Acapulco Beach
Borough (New Jersey)

A **borough** (also spelled **boro**) is a type of local government in New Jersey.

There are 253 boroughs in New Jersey. They are led by a mayor and a council with six people in it. The first borough was Elizabeth, which is now a city.

## Laws

The **Borough Act of 1878** allowed towns smaller than  with less than 5,000 people to become a borough. This led to "boroughitis", where a large number of boroughs were made.

## Related pages

- List of municipalities in New Jersey

## References

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Cynocephalus

**Cynocephalus** may refer to;

- Cynocephaly, a Greek word, literally meaning "dog-head", for a number of mythical creatures. with the heads or faces of dogs.
- Philippine flying lemur (Cynocephalus volans), one of two species of flying lemurs.
- Yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus), a baboon from the Old World monkey family.
- Thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus), commonly known as the Tasmanian Tiger.