juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Long Eaton School

**Long Eaton School** is a school for children in the town of Long Eaton in south east Derbyshire. The school is close to Nottinghamshire. It has been known by a number of names including _Long Eaton Grammar School_ and is now called _The Long Eaton School_. The school delivers free education to local children when they are eleven until they leave school.

## History

The school was started and the buildings constructed in 1910 for Samuel Clegg who was recognised as a leading teacher. He ran the school until his death in 1930. His daughter married a teacher there and their children were Richard and David Attenborough.

In 2006, a new set of buildings were constructed for the school. The new school buildings were opened by Gordon Brown in November 2006.

## Today

The school teaches about 1,200 children from age 11 to 18 and specialises in teaching science.

## Other websites

- Website
Long Eaton

**Long Eaton** is a town in south east Derbyshire in England. It is near to the River Trent and seven miles southwest of Nottingham.

Long Eaton is at least 900 years old and is close to where you could cross the River Erewash. More recently the Erewash canal was built and then the railway. The jobs in Long Eaton were making lace and railway wagons.

The town has two large schools for secondary pupils which are Wilsthorpe Community School and Long Eaton School. Trent College is also in Long Eaton. This is an older school for children who pay for their education.
Ur So Gay

"**Ur So Gay**" is a single released by Katy Perry. It was Perry's first major label release, and was later placed on her studio album _One of the Boys_. At first the song was just meant for the internet.

## Track listings

- **7" Pink vinyl"**
1. "Ur So Gay" – 3:39
1. "Use Your Love" – 3:01

- **CD single**
1. "Ur So Gay" – 3:39
1. "Ur So Gay" (Remix) – 5:53
1. "Use Your Love" – 3:01
1. "Lost" – 4:20
1. "Ur So Gay" (Instrumental) – 3:38
1. "Ur So Gay" (Junior Sanchez Club Instrumental) – 5:55
1. "Ur So Gay" (Acapella) – 3:15

- **Digital download**
1. "Ur So Gay" – 3:39
1. "Ur So Gay" (Junior Sanchez Club Remix) – 5:54
1. "Use Your Love" – 3:03
1. "Lost" – 4:20

## Music video

The music video for "Ur So Gay" depicts Perry singing the song with animated clouds and grass surrounding her and her blue guitar. It occasionally cuts to a storyline featuring a Barbie version of Perry.  The video was directed by Walter May.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Ur So Gay
- **type**: Promotional recording, Promotional single
- **artist**: Katy Perry
- **album**: One of the Boys (Katy Perry album), One of the Boys
- **b-side**: "Use Your Love"
"Lost"
- **recorded**: 2007
- **studio**: Rocket Carousel Studio <small>(Los Angeles, CA)</small>
- **genre**: Trip hop, pop rock
- **label**: Capitol Records, Capitol
- **writer**: Katy Perry, Greg Wells
- **producer**: Greg Wells
Instrumentation

**Instrumentation** is the science of measuring and controlling variables.  Variables are anything that can affect or change other things.  Instrumentation can be used to make processes faster or more efficient, meaning they use less effort, energy or money to produce the same results.

The word instrumentation may also mean the machines made to measure and control things.

The science of instrumentation involves figuring out the best way to measure or control something, building the machine or tools, and checking if the results are good and true. It may also include setting up and using the machine or tools.

## Variables

An **instrument** is a tool used to measure and control the variables that affect a process. Here are some variables that people use instrumentation to measure and control:
- pressure, which is the weight that air or water surrounding something has
- temperature, which is how hot or cold things are
- electric current, which is how many electrons are moving through something
- voltage, which is the steepness of the moving electrons
- inductance
- capacitance
- frequency, which is how fast or how often something happens
- electrical resistance, which is how hard it is for electrons to move through something
- conductivity, which is how easily an object allows electrons to pass through it
- flow
- level
- density, which is how much mass something has for its volume, or how heavy it is for its size
- viscosity, which is how thick a liquid or other fluid is

## Instruments

Two examples of instruments are valves and flame detectors. A valve is a controlling instrument that controls the flow of fluids, which can be gases, liquids, or other fluids. A flame detector is a measurement instrument that detects a flame by analyzing the light.

## Instrumentation engineering

The engineering behind instrumentation deals with mechanics and use of measuring instruments. Instrumentation engineers usually work in industries with automated processes.  For example, chemical and manufacturing plants often have robots and other machines doing a lot of the work.  Instrumentation engineers try to make things more safe, productive and stable. They sometimes use computers.
Netbook

**Netbook**, the word made by Intel company in February 2008, means smaller version of a regular laptop. Netbooks are known for being small and easy to move around. It is a kind of computer that does basic jobs like web surfing and word processing. Netbook device is normally built for CPU that uses lower power, like the Intel Atom. Now there are many netbooks such as hp-mini and Asus Eee PC. More than 50 million netbooks will be released by 2011.

## History

The concept of netbook is originated from subnotebooks. The word Netbook was introduced by Psion in 1999 and introduced again by Intel in 2008.

In 2007, Asus present the ASUS Eee PC range running a Linux on a 7 inch color screen. Soon after their appearance, netbooks grew in size and features, and converged with smaller laptops and subnotebooks. The Eee PC has been a top seller on Amazon.com and is often sold out in stores. The Eee's success is attributed to the relatively low-price (around $350/£230/€300) compared with standard-sized laptops. (above $1000 at that time)

In middle of February 2008, Everex released its VIA chipset based on CloudBook, running gOS. Unlike its rival, the Eee PC, the CloudBook uses a hard-disk.

In June 2008, MSI launched the MSI Wind PC, with features such as Bluetooth and a 10" LED, backlit, 1024x600 screen. This new laptop is the first built with Intel Atom low power technology and competes with the HP 2133 Mini-Note PC which has a 8.9" screen.
Sing: Chapter 1

***Sing: Chapter 1*** is a studio album from country superstar Wynonna Judd, to be released on February 3, 2009. It is her seventh solo studio album and the follow-up to her successful 2003 album _What the World Needs Now Is Love_ and her holiday-themed 2006 release _A Classic Christmas_.

## Album information

Wynonna teamed up with Brent Maher and Don Potter - the duo behind the many successes that Wynonna had as one half of the mother-daughter duo The Judds with mom Naomi.

The album, contains 12 cover songs which Wynonna states "are a real cross-section of all the different genres I grew up with. It’s all me, its all part of the tapestry of who I am."

_Sing_ has been in production for over a year and a half.

## Track listing

1. "That's How Rhythm Was Born"
1. "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry"
1. "Woman Be Wise"
1. I Hear You Knockin"
1. "Till I Get It Right"
1. "Are The Good Times Really Over"
1. "The House Is Rockin'"
1. "Ain't No Sunshine"
1. "I'm A Woman"
1. "Anyone Who Had A Heart"
1. "When I Fall In Love"
1. "Sing"
Incarnation

**Incarnation** is a religious belief. It explains how a spiritual being may become a body (incarnates).  Examples of incarnations in various religions include:
- Leimarel Sidabi, of Sanamahism
- Krishna, of Hinduism
- Buddha, of Buddhism
- Jesus, of Christianity
- Guan Yin, of Buddhism
- Kali, of Hinduism
- Durga, of Hinduism
- Parvati, of Hinduism
Monism

**Monism** is the thinking that there is only one thing.  All things are not separate but work together as one. The opposite thinking is dualism.

## Related pages

- Advaita Vedanta
- Philosophy of mind
Michelle McManus

**Michelle McManus** is a Scottish singer and actress.

Her musical albums include _The Meaning of Love_.  Her songs include "All This Time."

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Michelle McManus
- **img**: MichelleMcManus2010.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **origin**: Glasgow, Scotland
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **occupation**: Singer/Songwriter
- **years active**: 2003–present
- **label**: Sony BMG <small>(2003-2005)</small>
McManii <small>(2006-present)</small>
- **associated acts**: Will Young
- **url**: http://www.michelleofficial.co.uk/
University of Michigan College of Engineering

The **University of Michigan College of Engineering** is the engineering section of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. With 6,351 undergraduate and 3,331 graduate students as of 2012, the College of Engineering is one of the largest engineering schools in the United States. In several ranking systems, the college is ranked as one of the top ten engineering schools in the nation.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: The College of Engineering
- **established**: 1854
- **type**: Public university, Public
- **dean**: Alec D. Gallimore
- **location**: Ann Arbor, Michigan
- **parent**: University of Michigan
- **endowment**: United States dollar, US$493.6 1000000000 (number), million
- **faculty**: 579
- **students**: 9,682
- **undergrad**: 6,351
- **postgrad**: 3,331
- **campus**: 800 acres (3.25 km²)
- **nickname**: CoE
- **website**: [http://www.engin.umich.edu/college/ www.engin.umich.edu]
Ross School of Business

The **Ross School of Business** is the business school of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. **Ross** offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees, as well as an executive education program. Ross also offers dual degrees with the colleges and schools of urban planning, engineering, medicine, law, education, nursing, information, music, and School of Natural Resources and Environment (SNRE).

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: ROSS SCHOOL OF BUSINESS
- **motto**: **Leading in Thought and Action**
- **established**: 1924
- **type**: Public school, Public
- **dean**: Robert J. Dolan (educator), Robert J. Dolan
- **city**: Ann Arbor
- **state**: Michigan
- **country**: United States, USA
- **undergrad**: 1,070
- **postgrad**: 1,045
- **faculty**: 222
- **campus**: Suburban area, Suburban, 10 acres (40,000 m²)
- **website**: [http://www.bus.umich.edu/ www.bus.umich.edu]
- **endowment**: $325 million (2003)
HMS Supply (1759)

**HMS _Supply**_ was a small ship, an armed tender which sailed with the First Fleet. She was intended to be a support ship for HMS _Sirius_ (1786). The First Fleet carried the convicts and soldiers to Australia to start a penal colony. The ships left England in May 1787 and arrived in Australia in January 1788. This was the start of European settlement of Australia. _Supply_ was commanded by Lieutenant Henry Lidgbird Ball.

_Supply_ was a brig rigged sloop of 170 tons. A sloop is a small ship with a single gun deck. A brig rig means the ship had two masts and carried square sails. She had eight small three pounder guns and carried 50 men. She was the smallest ship in the fleet, and the fastest. She was  long and  wide.

## A supply ship

The Royal Navy had difficulty in finding a suitable ship. Several were checked but were not seen as suitable for the long journey to Australia. A French storeship, the _Eclipse_, had been damaged when it ran ashore. An American ship, the _Rattlesnake_ was not of suitable quality. The Navy purchased the British-made _Grantham_, a packet boat, used for the quick transport of mail. When it was partly taken apart for repairs, the Navy decided it needed so much work, that it would cost too much to repair or rebuild it. They then selected the _HM Supply_, a small Royal Navy ship based in Portsmouth, which was used to move naval stores around to the different naval yards.

After the setting up of the penal colony at Port Jackson, HMS _Supply_ made ten trips to Norfolk Island. When HMS _Sirius_ was wrecked in 1790, the _Supply_ was the new settlement's only ship. In April 1790 she made a trip to Batavia to get more food. She left for England in November 1791 and reached Plymouth on April 21 1792. She was sold at auction in July 1792. Renamed the _Thomas and Nancy_ she carried coal on the Thames until 1806.

## Other websites

- A list of the crew of HMS _Supply_ in 1788
- 32 photos of a model of HMS _Supply_
Alexander (ship)

The ***Alexander*** was one of six convict transport ships in the First Fleet. The First Fleet carried convicts and soldiers to Australia to start a penal colony. This was the start of European settlement of Australia. The _Alexander_ was a ship of 452 tons under the command of Duncan Sinclair. It was  long and  wide. The ship was built in Hull in 1783. The ship had a contract with the British Government to carry convicts. The owners were paid at a rate of 10 shillings per ton per month until the ship returned to Deptford. They had to agree to keep the prisoners secure and in safe custody. Many of the convicts were not suited for a long sea voyage. Eleven sick men who had been put on the ship died before the fleet sailed. The ship took 195 male convicts to Australia.

## Other websites

- Convicts on the transport ship Alexander - 1788
Friendship (1784 ship)

The ***Friendship*** was a convict transport ship in the First Fleet. The First Fleet carried convicts and soldiers to Australia to start a penal colony. The ships left England in May 1787 and arrived in Australia in January, 1788. This was the start of European settlement of Australia. The _Friendship_ was a ship of 278 tons which had been built in Scarborough about 1785. It was under the command of Master Francis Walton. The ship had a contract with the British Government to carry convicts. The owners were paid at a rate of 10 shillings per ton per month until the ship returned to Deptford. They had to agree to keep the prisoners secure and in safe custody.The friendship sunk of the coast of Borneo on the way back to England.

On her return trip with the _Alexander_, many of the sailors on the _Friendship_ became sick with scurvy. There were not enough sailors fit enough to sail both ships. All the crew went on board the _Alexander_, and the _Friendship_ was scuttled (sunk) off the coast of Borneo on October 28, 1788.

## Other websites

- A list of all the people known to have been on the _Friendship_ in 1788
Prince of Wales (ship)

The ***Prince of Wales*** was a convict transport ship in the First Fleet. The First Fleet carried the convicts and soldiers to Australia to start a penal colony. The ships left England in May 1787 and arrived in Australia in January 1788. This was the start of European settlement of Australia. The _Prince of Wales_ was a ship of 350 tons under the command of John Mason.  She was built on the Thames in 1786. She was  long and  wide. The ship had a contract with the British Government to carry convicts. The owners were paid at a rate of 10 shillings per ton per month until the ship got back to Deptford. They had to agree to keep the prisoners secure and safe. This was the last ship to be chosen for the voyage after the Navy realized that they did not have enough space for the extra people, equipment, and supplies on the ten ships. There was one male convict and forty-nine female convicts which meant that there were only fifty convicts on the ship.

The _Prince of Wales_ was still sailing around England up until 1797. In 1797 she was moved to Fort Royal, Martinique. There is no information after this.

## Other websites

- A list of all the people on the _Prince of Wales_ in 1788
- A painting of the _Prince of Wales_
Charlotte (ship)

The ***Charlotte*** was one of six convict transport ships in the First Fleet. The First Fleet carried the convicts and soldiers to Australia to start a penal colony. This was the start of European settlement of Australia. The _Charlotte_ was built on the Thames about 1785, was a ship of 345 tons. She was under the command of Thomas Gilbert. She was  long and  wide. The ship had a contract with the British Government to carry convicts. The owners were paid at a rate of 10 shillings per ton per month. They had to agree to keep the prisoners secure and safe. She carried 88 male and 20 female convicts. After transporting the convicts to New South Wales, the _Charlotte_ was under contract to work for the East India Company.

## Other websites

- A list of all the people who sailed on the _Charlotte_
Lady Penrhyn (ship)

The ***Lady Penrhyn*** was one of six convict transport ships in the First Fleet. The First Fleet carried the convicts and soldiers to Australia to start a penal colony. The ships left England in May 1787 and arrived in Australia in January 1788. This was the start of European settlement of Australia.

The _Lady Penrhyn_ was a ship of 338 tons under the command of William Cropton Server.  The ship had been built on the River Thames in 1786. She was  long and  wide.The captain, William Server, and biscuit maker, William Curtis were the owners of the ship. They had a contract with the British Government to carry convicts. The owners were paid at a rate of 10 shillings per ton per month. They had to agree to keep the prisoners secure and safe. She transported 101 female convicts to New South Wales. The convict women were kept secure with both handcuffs and chains.

After the First Fleet trip, the _Lady Penrhyn_ was under contract to work for the East India Company. She left Sydney on May 5, 1788 to go to China to pick up a load of tea. The _Lady Penryhn_ got back to England in August 1789.

## Other websites

- A detailed list of the convicts on the _Lady Penryhn_
- A list of all the people known to have been on the _Lady Penryhn_ in 1788
Scarborough (ship)

The ***Scarborough*** was one of six convict transport ships in the First Fleet. The First Fleet carried the convicts and soldiers to Australia to start a penal colony. The ships left England in May 1787 and arrived in Australia in January 1788. This was the start of European settlement of Australia.

The _Scarborough_ was a ship of 430 tons under the command of John Marshall. She was  long and  wide. The prison deck was very small and cramped. The height of the space was only .  The ship had a contract with the British Government to carry convicts. The owners were paid at a rate of 10 shillings per ton per month. They had to agree to keep the prisoners secure and in safe custody. After transporting the convicts to New South Wales, the _Scarborough_ was under contract to work for the East India Company.

_Scarborough_ left Australia 5 May 1788, and with the _Lady Penrhyn_, sailed to China. On 17 May 1788, she landed at Lord Howe Island for birds and vegetables, and got back to England on 15 June 1789.

## Second Fleet

_Scarborough_ went back to New South Wales with the notorious Second Fleet. Alongside _Surprize_ and _Neptune_, she sailed from England with 253 male convicts on 19 January 1790.  Her captain was John  Marshall and the surgeon was Augustus Jacob Beyer. She arrived at the Cape of Good Hope on 13 April 1790, and spent 16 days there, loading food and other items. She also picked up eight male convicts from HMS _Guardian_  which had been wrecked after hitting an iceberg. She and _Neptune_ were parted from _Surprize_ in heavy weather and arrived at Port  Jackson on 28 June, 160 days out from England. During the voyage, 73 convicts died (28%) and 96 (37%) were very sick when landed.

## Other ships named Scarborough

There were at least 4 British built ships named _Scarborough_ in the eighteenth century. At least two of these were contracted to the English East India Co. for the far east trade.   One of the _Scarborough_s was lost in the South China Sea on a shoal on 12 Sept 1784. All on board died and the shoal was then named Scarborough Shoal, lying at 15°11′N 117°46′E, recently the subject of a sovereignty dispute between China and Philippines. Another ship of the same name was built at Scarborough in 1782 of 430 tons but this is not the one lost on the Scarborough Shoal.

## Related pages

- Sydney
- Second Fleet

## Other websites

- A list of all the people on the _Scarborough_ in 1788
Golden Grove (ship)

The ***Golden Grove*** was a store ship in the First Fleet which carried the convicts and soldiers to Australia to start a penal colony. The ships left England in May 1787, and arrived in Australia in January 1788. This was the start of European settlement of Australia.

The _Golden Grove_ was a ship of 375 tons commanded by Master Sharp. She had been built as a store ship at Whitby in 1780. She was  long and  wide. The ship had a contract with the British Government to transport food and equipment. The owners were paid at 10 shillings per ton per month until the ship returned to Deptford.

In October 1788 the _Golden Grove_ took 32 convicts from Sydney to the penal colony on Norfolk Island. She left Port Jackson on November 19, 1788, with the _Fishburn_ to return to England. After stopping at the Falkland Islands because of sailors sick with scurvy, she arrived back in Deptford in June 1789. Afterward the _Golden Grove_ sailed from Newcastle and Liverpool, probably carrying rum from Jamaica. There is no information about the ship after 1804.The Golden Grove was a supply ship in the first fleet and carried live stock and food along with a lot more.

## References

Gloden Grove is a ship

## Other websites

- A list of four people known to have been on the Golden Grove in 1788 tite
Fishburn (ship)

The ***Fishburn*** was a store ship in the First Fleet. The First Fleet carried the convicts and soldiers to Australia to start a penal colony. The ships left England in May 1787 and arrived in Australia in January 1788. This was the start of European settlement of Australia. The _Fishburn_ was a ship of 378 tons under the command of Master Robert Brown. The ship was  long and  wide. It had been built in Whitby in 1780. The ship had a contract with the British Government to transport food and equipment. The owners were paid at a rate of 10 shillings per ton per month until the ship returned to Deptford.

The _Fishburn_ and the _Golden Grove_ left Port Jackson in November 1788 to return to England. She had to rest at the Falkland Islands for several days as several sailors were sick. She was returned to her owners at Deptford on May 25, 1789. No other information has been found about the ship afterwards.

## Other websites

- A list of 5 people who were on the Fishburn
Borrowdale (ship)

The ***Borrowdale*** was a store ship in the First Fleet which carried the convicts and soldiers to Australia to start a penal colony. This was the start of European settlement of Australia. The _Borrowdale_ was a ship of 275 tons which had been built at Sunderland in about 1785. It was under the command of Master R. Hobson. The ship had a contract with the British Government to transport food and equipment. The owners were paid at a rate of 10 shillings per ton per month until the ship returned to Deptford.

The _Borrowdale_ left Sydney in July, 1788. The crew became very sick with scurvy. When the ship got to Rio de Janeiro several sailors were taken to hospital. Five sailors died on the way back to England.

## Other websites

- A list of 5 people who are known to have sailed on the _Borrowdale_
- A painting of the _Borrowdale_ is in the Australian National Maritime Museum
- The borrowdale was launched in 1785 and that was the same year it was made.
- the borrowdale had 17 crew members on board.
Ve (Cyrillic)

**Ve** (**В, в**) is the third letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It is said as [v].

It comes from the Greek beta, along with the Cyrillic beh. Its old name was _vede_. Although it looks like a B, it stands for the Roman V and Beh (Б, б) stands for B.

## Related pages

- V
- Beta (letter)
De (Cyrillic)

**De** (**Д, д**) is the fifth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It is said as [d]. Its good for dche (cyrillic).

It comes from the Greek delta. Its old name was _dobro_. It stands for the Roman D.

When written, it looks like a _g_, and when printed in italics, it is a _д_.

## Related pages

- D
- Delta (letter)
Francis Forbes

**Sir Francis Forbes** (1784 – 1841) was the first Chief Justice (judge) of New South Wales. Before he set up the court system in Australia, people were tried by legal tribunals. The town of Forbes, New South Wales was named after him.

## Early life

Forbes was born in Bermuda in 1784. His grandfather, Dr. George Forbes had moved to the Bermudas after the Battle of Culloden. He went to London at the age of 19 to study law. He passed the exams and became a lawyer in 1812. He returned to Bermuda but went to back to England 3 years later. In 1816 he was made the first Chief Justice of Newfoundland. He lived in Canada until 1822. The government asked for his advice about setting up a proper legal system in Australia. He was asked to be the first Chief Justice of New South Wales in June 1823. Forbes was officially given the job in October 1823.

## Chief Justice

Forbes was Chief Justice from 13th October 1823 to 1st July 1837. He arrived in Sydney in March 1824. He lived with the Governor, Sir Thomas Brisbane, while his house was being got ready for him. Forbes and Brisbane became great friends. He officially opened the new Supreme Court on May 17, 1824. He was also a member of the Legislative Council and was made President in August 1824. In December he was made a member of the Executive Council as well. These two extra positions were political jobs and put him into conflict with his job as a judge. As Chief Justice he had to be sure that new laws were in agreement with the laws of England. This gave him the power to veto (stop) any new law in Australia. This was not a problem while Brisbane was the Governor, but Forbes soon had problems with the new Governor, Sir Ralph Darling.

The Francis Forbes Society http://www.forbessociety.org.au/  is a group set up to study Australian legal history.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Francis Forbes
- **image**: Francis Forbes.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Sir Francis Forbes
- **birth date**: 1784
- **birth place**: Bermuda
- **death date**: November, 1841
- **death place**: Sydney, Australia
- **occupation**: Lawyer, Judge
- **title**: Chief Justice
Ge (Cyrillic)

**Ge** (**Г, г**) is the fourth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It is said as [g] or [h].

It comes from the Greek gamma. Its old name was _glagoli_. It stands for the Roman G.

## Related pages

- G
- Gamma (letter)
- Ge with upturn
- Gje
Hala

**Hala** can refer to
- An Arabic name meaning Halo or Corona.
    - Hala Gorani, CNN reporter.

- Hala (clan), a clan of India and Pakistan.
- Hala, Sindh, a town in Sindh, Pakistan.
- A word for "clan" in the Manchu language: c.f. Manchu clans
Hala Gorani

**Hala Basha-Gorani**  (; born 1 March 1970), is an American reporter for _CNN International_. She is based in the network's headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. She anchors _CNN International_s _International Desk_.

## Biography

Gorani was born in Seattle, Washington, United States. Her parents are Syrians from Aleppo. Gorani was mainly raised in Paris. She lived also in Algeria. Her name _Hala_ is a common Arabic name which means _halo_.

She speaks English, French and Arabic (though she can not read it). She currently lives in Atlanta. French novelist Yann Moix dedicated his first novel _Jubilation Vers le Ciel_ to Gorani in 1996.

## Career

She has established herself as a Middle East specialist and covered the Hezbollah-Israel war in the summer of 2006 from Lebanon as the main anchor for CNN International, helping the network's coverage of the Middle East win an award for "Excellence in Journalism".

Gorani also reports from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Egypt. In April 2007, she led CNN's coverage of the 2007 French presidential election.  Gorani avoids discussing her political and religious views, saying the job  needs her to be neutral.

## Other websites

- Official profile at CNN.com

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: HalaGorani2 CROP.jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **name**: Hala Gorani
- **birth place**: Seattle, Washington, USA
- **occupation**: News anchor
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **website**: [http://edition.cnn.com/CNN/anchors_reporters/gorani.hala.html CNN's Hala Gorani]
Hala (clan)

**Hala** is a _gotra_ or clan of the Jatt people found in the states of Punjab and Uttar Pradesh in India and in the province of Sindh in Pakistan.

## Religion

The members of this gotra are Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs. The Muslim Jatts of the Hala gotra are found in Sindh, while Hindu and Sikh Jatts belonging to this gotra are found in Uttar Pradesh and Punjab (India).

## Further reading

- Ram Swarup Joon:  History of the Jats, Rohtak, India (1938, 1967)
Jamiroquai

**Jamiroquai** are a British funk and acid jazz band. It was created by Jason Kay. The name of the band is a compound word created from "jam session", a type of music event, and "Iroquois", the name of a Native American tribe.

The band's first single, "When You Gonna Learn?", was released in 1992. Because of the success of this single, Jamiroquai made a contract with Sony BMG. They released their first album, _Emergency on Planet Earth,_ in 1993. The next year, their second album (_The Return of the Space Cowboy)_ was released. This album became popular. In 1996, a song named "Virtual Insanity" on their third album, _Travelling Without Moving,_ was very popular. The music video for this song was so innovative that it caused a big sensation. With this song, Jamiroquai was nominated for ten MTV video awards. It won four awards. This album made the band famous all across the world.

## Studio albums

- _Emergency on Planet Earth_ (1993)
- _The Return of the Space Cowboy_ (1994)
- _Travelling Without Moving_ (1996)
- _Synkronized_ (1999)
- _A Funk Odyssey_ (2001)
- _Dynamite_ (2005)
- _Rock Dust Light Star_ (2010)
- _Automaton_ (2017)

## Members

The members of Jamiroquai have changed many times, except Jason Kay.
- Jason Kay (vocals)
- Derrick McKenzie (drums)
- Sola Akingbola (percussion)
- Rob Harris (guitar)
- Matt Johnson (keyboard)
- Paul Turner (bass)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jamiroquai
- **img**: Jamiroquai 2.jpg
- **img capt**: Jay Kay from Jamiroquai
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: London, England
- **genre**: Funk, jazz-funk, acid jazz, neo soul, nu-disco, funktronica
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **label**: Acid Jazz, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Music, Columbia Records, Columbia, Universal Records, Universal
- **associated acts**: Brand New Heavies, Guru (rapper), Guru, Julian Perretta, Radio Silence (band), Radio Silence
- **current members**: Jay Kay
Derrick McKenzie
Rob Harris
Paul Turner
Matt Johnson (keyboardist), Matt Johnson
Sola Akingbola
Jim Corry
Malcolm Strachan
James Russell
- **past members**: Gavin Dodds
Johnny Thirkell
Gary Barnacle
Simon Katz
Nick Fyffe
Stuart Zender
Simon Carter
Toby Smith
Mike Smith (saxophonist), Mike Smith
Nick Van Gelder
DJ D-Zire
Winston Rollins
Adrian Revell
Howard Anderson
Wallis Buchanan
Martin Shaw
Sam Smith
Nathan Haines
Maurizio Ravalico
William Fry
Eraclea

**Eraclea** is a town in the province of Venice, Veneto, Italy. SP42 goes through it.
Eraclea Mare is the Lido of Eraclea http://www.eracleamare.travel/ .

It is located on the Adriatic Sea near the coast between the rivers Piave and Livenza and between two famous touristic towns: Caorle and Jesolo.

**Eracleamare**, one of the destinations of summer tourism on the Adriatic riviera, is together with Jesolo and Caorle one of the best known seaside resort on the Venetian coast. Within the last year, a steady growth of foreign tourists, especially from Germany, has been recorded. Also in 2010, Eracleamare has received the "Blu Flag" from the FEE http://www.eracleamare.travel/2010/05/16/eraclea-and-blue-flag-2010/ .

## Main sights

Eraclea Mare is famous cause of its pinewood and "Mort lagoon" (in Italian: Laguna del Mort http://www.eracleamare.travel/2010/05/15/the-mort-lagoon/ ).

The Mort Lagoon, an extremely evocative naturalistic site between Eraclea and Jesolo, was originated by the overflowing of the Piave river in 1936, whose bed was modified in its last stretch after a big flood. The Mort stretches between Eraclea Mare and the mouth of the Piave river and it is a sea-lagoon, being supplied with water only by the flood-tides. Still uncontaminated, the Mort is characterized by shallow and calm waters with a sandy and muddy seabed, rich in phytoplankton.

## Other websites

- Eraclea's Tourism Portal You can find helpful information about accommodation, Hotels, excursions, etc. in Eraclea.
- Eracleamare in Flickr
- Eracleamare's Portal Non-profit portal with some information and utilities about Eraclea Mare.
- (Google Maps)
- Eracleamare's Touristic Blog Non-profit Touristic Blog with news & info about Eraclea Mare.
Lenz's law

**Lenz's law** is a common way to understand how electromagnetic circuits obey Newton's third law and the conservation of energy. Lenz's law is named after Emil Lenz, and it says:
- An induced electromotive force (emf) always gives rise to a current whose magnetic field opposes the change in original magnetic flux.

Lenz's law is shown with the negative sign in Faraday's law of induction:

- ,

which indicates that the induced emf (ℰ) and the change in magnetic flux (∂Φ<sub>_B_</sub>) have opposite signs.

The induced emf and the resulting induced current are counterclockwise when **B**' is directed out from the page and the area of the circuit is decreasing. The flux through this circuit is decreasing in the outward direction. Now the induced current **I** produces its own magnetic field, and we may use the right-hand grip rule to compute the direction of this field. The result is that the magnetic field due to the induced current is also directed outward within the circuit. It is as though nature, through this induced field, tried to compensate for the reduction in the flux due to the applied field **B**. This turns out experimentally to be a general rule, so that we may say that
_The direction of the induced emf is always such as to result in opposition to the change producing it._
That is _Lenz's law_.

As another example of the application of Lenz's law, consider a coil of wire to which a battery is suddenly connected. Suppose that the battery starts a current flowing clockwise, as viewed by the observer. This current will give rise to a magnetic field whose lines will thread the coil and circle back outside it. As the current due to the battery builds up, there is a changing magnetic flux through the coil and this must result in an induced emf in the coil. What is the direction of this induced emf? Lenz's law tells us immediately that it must be counterclockwise, so as to oppose the building up of the current. Similarly, when the current in a circuit is broken, the induced emf seeks to keep the current from dying out, and this accounts for the sparking observed when switches are opened slowly. The induced emf in a circuit whose current is changing is called the _back emf_, since it always opposes the alteration in the current. It arises from change in the current's own magnetic field, an effect referred to as _self-inductance_.

If Lenz's law was not true, an increase in current in a coil would result in an emf that aided the applied battery, thus increasing the current further, inducing more emf and further increases in the current, ad _infinitum_. This would be an unstable situation and one in which the conservation of energy principle would be disobeyed.
This sort of reasoning may be extended to other situations in which a system in equilibrium is displaced and the principle arrived at is the following:

When a system in equilibrium is disturbed, the equilibrium is displaced in the direction which tends to undo the effects of the disturbance.
This generalization of Lenz's law is called Le Chatelier's principle.
County Donegal

**Donegal** is a county in Ulster, Ireland. It is north of Leitrim and west of Northern Ireland.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: County Donegal
- **image shield**: Donegalcocologo.png
- **motto**: _Mutuam habeatis caritatem_<small>(Latin)</small>
'(Maintain among you) Mutual Love (or Charity)'
- **image map**: Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Donegal.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Ireland
- **area total km2**: 4841
- **area rank**:  (List of Irish counties by area, 4th)
- **seat type**: County town, County seat
- **seat**: Lifford
- **government type**: Donegal County Council, County Council
- **subdivision type3**: Dáil Éireann
- **subdivision name3**: Donegal North–East (Dáil Éireann constituency), Donegal North–East,
Donegal South–West (Dáil Éireann constituency), Donegal South–West
- **blank name sec1**: Vehicle registration plates of Ireland, Code
- **blank info sec1**: DL
- **population**: 160927
- **population rank**:  (List of Irish counties by population, 10th)
- **population as of**: 2011
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Republic of Ireland, Ireland
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Ireland, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Ulster
- **footnotes**: _Coontie Dunnygal_ and _Coontie Dinnygal_ are Ulster Scots dialects, Ulster Scots spellings.
RLC circuit

A circuit containing resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) is called an RLC circuit. A simple circuit only has one RLC series.

With a resistance _R_ present, the total electromagnetic energy _U_ of the circuit (the sum of the electric energy and magnetic energy) is no longer constant.  Instead, it decreases with time as energy is transferred to thermal energy in the resistance. Because of this loss of energy, the oscillations of charge, current and potential difference continuously decrease in amplitude, and the oscillations are said to be damped.

They are damped in exactly the same way as those of the damped block-spring oscillator. To analyze the oscillations of this circuit, an equation can be written for the total electromagnetic energy  in the circuit at any instant. This is because the resistance does not store electromagnetic energy.

-   (Eq. 1)

However, this total energy decreases as energy is transferred to thermal energy.

-   (Eq. 2)

where the minus sign indicates that  decreases. By differentiating Eq. 1 with respect to time and then substituting the result in Eq. 2, the following is obtained:

Substituting  for  and  for , the following is obtained:

- '  **(RLC circuit)**
Jackstones

**Jackstones** is a traditional Korean game. It is usually played by girls. The game is similar to the game Jacks. Jackstones is also a traditional game played in India Tamil Nadu by the name **Anchakal** it is also played in rural villages of Andhra Pradesh by the name of **Achenagandlu** or **Achamgilla** or **Chintapikkala aata**, using small stones or Tamarind seeds.

## Game play

The game is played with five stones. Each stone is about the size of an almond. Players can only use one hand to play the game. The game has five parts or "stages".

In the first stage, the player throws the stones on the ground. They pick up one stone and throw it upward. Before the stone falls onto the ground, they need to pick up another stone from the ground and then catch the one that was thrown. This is done again until there are no stones on the ground.

The second stage is the same with the first stage except that the player needs to pick up two stones at once before the stone which was thrown falls down. The third and the fourth stages are the same.

In the fifth stage, players can get points. All of the stones are thrown upward. The player must catch as many of the stones as they can with the back of their hand.  Then, the stones they caught are thown into the air again and the player must catch all of them. The player gets points for how many stones they catch. If they caught 3 stones, they get 3 points. If they caught 4 stones, they get four points. After that, the next player does the same. When all players have done this, the game is finished. The person (or the team) who has a higher point wins.

Also there are several rules;
- The player is out if they touch any stones that they were not supposed to touch.
- The player is out if they do not catch the stone in the air.
- The player is out if they do not catch all the stones from the back of their hand in the air.

If a player is out, the next person (or team) gets the turn.
Lorentz force

**Lorentz's law** is a law discovered by the Dutch physicist Hendrik Antoon Lorentz. Lorentz's law defines force that acts on moving charged particles in an electromagnetic field. Force consists of magnetic force and electric force.

F = qE (electric force)

If the charge is positive, the direction of the electric force is equal to direction of electric field.

F = qv*B (magnetic force)

The direction of the magnetic force is given by the right hand rule.

If charged particles move with velocity v in an electric field E and a magnetic field B

F = qE + qv*B

F : force (vector)

q : charge (scalar)

E : electric field (vector)

v : velocity of particle (vector)

B : magnetic field (vector)

- is vector cross product.

Using this law, J.J. Thomson measured mass-to-charge ratio.
Snell's law

**Snell's Law** **of Refraction** is the scientific law of the refraction of light or other waves. In optics, Snell's law is about the speed of light in different media. The law states that when light passes through different materials (for example from air to glass) the ratio of sines of the incidence (incoming) angle and the refraction (outgoing) angle does not change:

With each  as the angle measured from the normal of the boundary,  as the velocity of light in the respective medium (SI units are meters per second, or m/s).  is the refractive index of the medium.

The index of refraction of a vacuum is 1 and the velocity of light in a vacuum is . When a wave passes the material where the index of refraction is n, the velocity of the wave becomes .

Snell's law can be proved by Fermat's principle. Fermat's principle states that _light travels along the path which takes the least time_.

## History

The idea has a long history. The problem had the attention of Hero of Alexandria, Ptolemy, Ibn Sahl, and Huygens. It was formulated by the Dutch astronomer and mathematician Willebrord Snel . Ibn Sahl actually discovered the law of refraction. In _Traité de la Lumiere_, 1678, Huygens showed how Snell's law of sines could be explained by, or derived from, the wave nature of light.
Golden lion tamarin

The **golden lion tamarin** (_Leontopithecus rosalia_), also called the **golden lion marmoset** is a small, squirrel-sized monkey with a lion-like mane.

Tamarins live in small family groups. They are diurnal (most active during the day); at night, they rest in the cavity of a tree. The life span is about 15 years. They are in danger of extinction due to loss of habitat as their forest home is being cleared. These tamarins are arboreal (they live in trees). They live in coastal tropical rainforests in eastern Brazil of South America. Lion Tamarins take their name from their impressive manes—thick rings from Africa great cats lions.  The golden lion tamarin may be the most beautiful of the four lion tamarin species. Its golden hair frames a charismatic black face and covers its small body and tail.Despite their name, these rare primates have far more in common with their monkey relatives than any feline.

## Diet

The golden lion tamarin is an omnivore (eating both animals and plants); it eats insects, fruit, small snakes, lizards, snails, spiders, and vegetables. Tamarins use their claws to dig for insects in the bark of trees.
Mean Girls 2

***Mean Girls 2*** is a 2011 American teen comedy television film directed by Melanie Mayron and written by Cliff Ruby, Elana Lesser, and Allison Schroeder. It is a sequel to the 2004 film _Mean Girls._
Piet Mondrian

**Piet Mondrian** (7 March 1872 – 1 February 1944) was a Dutch modern artist of the De stijl group. His early paintings show abstract landscapes in post-impressionist and cubist style.

As his career went on, he started to paint in a more abstract style.

Mondrian painted about 250 of these geometric abstracts, from 1917 to 1944. Mondrian called his style “neoplasticism”.

Escaping in 1940 from a Europe at war, Mondrian spent the last four years of his life in New York City. His paintings of that time express exuberance at city life. In his final painting, _Broadway Boogie Woogie_ (painted around 1942 or 1943), the checkerboard lines, previously black, are now painted blue, gray, red and yellow. The yellow was apparently inspired by New York’s Yellow cabs.

## Further reading

- Bax, Marty 2002. _Complete Mondrian_. Lund Humphries, London.
- Bois, Yve-Alain _et al._ 1995. Piet Mondrian: 1872-1944. Bulfinch Press.
- Busignani, Alberto 1968. _Mondrian: the life and work of the artist, illustrated by 80 colour plates_. London: Thames and Hudson.
- Locher, Hans 1994. _Piet Modrian: colour, structure and symbolism_. Verlag Gachnang & Springer, Bern, Switzerland.
- Milner, John 1992. _Mondrian_. London: Phaidon.
- Seuphor, Michel & Harry N. Abrams 1955. _Piet Mondrian, life and work_.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Piet  Mondrian
- **image**: Piet Mondrian 2.jpg
- **nationality**: Netherlands, Dutch
- **field**: Painting
- **movement**: De Stijl
- **honorific suffix**: ghdes
Burn Gorman

**Burn Gorman** (born 1 September 1974) is a British actor and musician. He is best known for his roles as William Guppy in _Bleak House_, as Owen Harper in _Torchwood_ and as Phillip Stryver in _The Dark Knight Rises_.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Burn Gorman
- **image**: Burn Gorman 3.jpg
- **caption**: Burn Gorman in 2010
- **birthname**: Burn Hugh Winchester Gorman
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, USA
- **occupation**: Celebrity, Singer
- **known for**: Playing "Owen Harper" in _Torchwood_
- **nationality**: British
- **spouse**: Sarah Gorman
Bury F.C.

**Bury F.C.** was a football club which played in England.

## League position

|Season|League|Position|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2000/01|Second Division|16th|
|2001/02|Second Division|22nd|
|2002/03|Third Division|7th|
|2003/04|Third Division|12th|
|2004/05|League Two|17th|
|2005/06|League Two|19th|
|2006/07|League Two|21st|
|2007/08|League Two|13th|
|2008/09|League Two|4th|
|2009/10|League Two|9th|
|2010/11|League Two|2nd|
|2011/12|League One|19th|

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Bury F.C.
- **fullname**: Bury Football Club
- **founded**: 1885
- **dissolved**: 2019
- **ground**: Gigg Lane, Bury, Greater Manchester
- **capacity**: 11,000
Naoko Mori

**Naoko Mori** is a Japanese actress. A lot of people know her from her roles as Mie Nishikawa in _Casualty_ (1993–1994), and as Toshiko Sato in _Doctor Who_ and _Torchwood_.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Naoko Mori
- **image**: NaokoMoriCCJuly09.jpg
- **caption**: Mori at Comic Con 2009.
- **birthname**: Naoko Mori
- **birth date**: 1975
- **birth place**: Nagoya, Japan
Sarsaparilla

**Sarsaparilla** (IPA: /ˌsæspəˈɹɪlə/) (_Smilax regelii_) is a perennial trailing vine with prickly stems; it is from tropical America and the West Indies. Its name (which is _zarzaparrilla_ in Spanish) comes from the Spanish words _zarza_ for "shrub" and _parrilla_ for "little grape vine."