juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Riebeckite

**Riebeckite** is a silicate mineral. It is found in nature as both a fibrous form and a solid form. The fibrous form, called **blue asbestos** or **crocidolite asbestos**, is one of the six types of asbestos. It is considered by many experts to be the most dangerous type of asbestos. It can cause cancer and asbestosis. It was formerly used in Kent brand cigarettes as a filter material. It is rare in construction compared to white asbestos, but it is sometimes found in caulking, cement, wallboard, rope, and numerous other products. Due to its hazards, blue asbestos is no longer mined commercially.

## Related pages

- List of minerals

## Infobox (mineral)

- **name**: Riebeckite
- **category**: Silicate mineral
- **image**: Crystals of black riebeckite in alkaline pegmatite, near Évisa (Corsica, France).jpg
- **caption**: Black riebeckite in an alkaline pegmatite from Lindinosa near Évisa, Corsica, France
- **formula**: ☐Na<sub>2</sub>(Fe<sup>2+</sup><sub>3</sub>Fe<sup>3+</sup><sub>2</sub>)Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>22</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>
- **symmetry**: Monoclinic 2/m
- **unit cell**: a = 9.76 Å, b = 18.04 Å, c = 5.33 Å; β = 103.59°; Z=2
- **color**: Black, dark blue; dark blue to yellow-green in thin section
- **habit**: As prismatic crystals, commonly fibrous, asbestiform; earthy, massive
- **system**: Monoclinic - Prismatic
- **twinning**: Simple or multiple twinning parallel to {100}
- **cleavage**: Perfect on {110}, intersecting at 56° and 124°; partings on {100} and {010}
- **fracture**: Conchoidal to uneven
- **tenacity**: Brittle
- **mohs**: 6
- **luster**: Vitreous to silky
- **streak**: Pale to bluish gray
- **diaphaneity**: Semitransparent
- **gravity**: 3.28–3.44
- **opticalprop**: Biaxial (-)
- **refractive**: n<sub>α</sub> = 1.680–1.698 n<sub>β</sub> = 1.683–1.700 n<sub>γ</sub> = 1.685–1.706
- **birefringence**: δ = 0.005–0.008
- **pleochroism**: X = blue, indigo; Y = yellowish green, yellow brown; Z = dark blue
- **2v**: Measured: 68° to 85°, Calculated: 62° to 78°
- **dispersion**: Strong
Samoa at the Olympics

**Samoa** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1984.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then.  The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

As of 2011, no athlete competing for Samoa has ever won an Olympic medal.

The National Olympic Committee for Samoa was formed in 1983 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee the same year.

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- Samoa profile at London2012.com

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: SAM
- **nocname**: Samoa Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee Inc.
- **games**: Olympics
- **gold**: 0
- **silver**: 1
- **bronze**: 0
Solomon Islands at the Olympics

The **Solomon Islands** was first at the **Olympic Games** in 1984.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then. The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

As of 2011, no athlete for the Solomon Islands has won an Olympic medal.

The National Olympic Committee for the Solomon Islands was formed in 1983 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee that same year.

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- Solomon Islands  profile at London2012.com

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: SOL
- **nocname**: National Olympic Committee of Solomon Islands
- **games**: Olympics
- **flagcaption**: Flag of the Solomon Islands
- **gold**: 0
- **silver**: 0
- **bronze**: 0
The Right Honourable

**The Right Honourable** (sometimes written as _The Rt Hon._, _The Rt Hon_ or _The Rt. Hon._) is a prefix that shows honour. It is given to certain people, such as some MPs, in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the English-speaking Caribbean and other countries that are members of the Commonwealth such as in Kenya in 2008, when it was conferred to the Prime Minister during the Government of National Unity of the 3rd President of Kenya, His Excellency Hon. Mwai Kibaki .

Prominent examples are The Right Honourable David Cameron PC MP, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, The Right Honourable Stephen Harper PC MP, former Prime Minister of Canada, The Right Honourable John Key MP, former Prime Minister of New Zealand, and (the late) The Right Honourable Raila Odinga, C.G.H., Former Prime Minister of the Republic of Kenya.

In the United Kingdom, the term is now given to members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom. In effect, these are present or past members of Parliament who have served as cabinet ministers in a government.
Kyōroku

was a  after _Daiei_ and before _Tenbun_.  This period started in August 1528 and ended July 1532. During this time, the emperor was .

## Events of the _Kyōroku_ era

- **1528** (_Kyōroku 1_): Fire damaged Yakushi-ji in Nara.
- **1528** (_Kyōroku 1_): Konoe Tanye became Minister of the Left (_sadaijin_).
- **1529** (_Kyōroku 2_): Neo-Confucian scholar Wang Yangming died.
- **1530** (_Kyōroku 3, 7th month_): Kiyusho Hisatsune died at the age of 63.  He had held the office of Chancellor (_kampaku_).
- **1531** (_Kyōroku 4_): The Kamakura shogunate office of Governor (_shugo_) was ended.
- **1532** (_Kyōroku 5_): Followers of the Ikko sect were driven out of Kyoto; and they settled in Osaka.

## Related pages

- Muromachi period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Kyōroku|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1528|1529|1530|1531|1532|
Waterfowl hunting

**Waterfowl hunting** (also called **wildfowling** or **waterfowl shooting** in Britain) is the act of hunting ducks, geese, or other waterfowl for food and sport. In many western countries, waterfowl hunting is illegal, and duck hunting is mostly an outdoor sporting activity.

Many types of ducks and geese share the same habitat, have overlapping or same hunting seasons, and are hunted the same. Thus it is possible to hunt different species of waterfowl in the same trip. Waterfowl can be hunted in crop fields where they eat, or, more often, on or near bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, ponds, swamps, sloughs, or oceanic coastlines.
Ambrosia

In Greek Mythology, **Ambrosia** is the food of the gods or demigods. It gives them immortality.

It is sometimes portrayed as a shimmering liquid.

Ambrosia usually looks like a honey type substance. It is yellow, thick, and commonly seen in jars where honey is kept.
Sikhye

**Sikhye** (also spelled shikhye or shikeh) is a Korean traditional rice beverage which is fermented for some periods. It is usually served as a dessert with its sweet taste. The main ingredients of Sikhye is liquids, cooked rices. When we drink Sikhye, we can see that there are some residue of cooked rice. Sikhye is also called 'Dansul' and 'Gamju.' Both of these names mean "sweet wine." These days, Sikhye is also served in cans at Korean markets so that it can be easily enjoyed by people. The Vilac company is the most famous company which produce Sikhye in South Korea.

## Recipe

Sikhye is made by malt water and cooked rice, etc. The malt water soak in boiled rice until grains of rice appear on the surface. And the liquid is poured out, drained, and boiled with sugar and ginger. After this, it is cooled down and kept in the jar.

## Regional Variations

There are some regional variations of Sikhye. These include 'Andong Sikhye' and other varieties of Sikhye like 'Jinju sikhye,' 'Gangwon-do sikhye,' and 'Gyeongsang-do sikhye.' Andong Sikhye is a little bit different from the ordinary style of Sikhye. It uses radishes, carrots, and powdered red pepper to make it somewhat hot. And then, it is fermented for several days. The important thing is the crunchy texture of the radishes. It should be kept through the long fermentation process of Sikhye. Sikhye with a soft texture of the radish is regarded as an inferior product. Andong Sikhye is good for digesting because it has lactobacillus in it.

## Effects

Sikhye has a lot of effects. First, it helps the function of digestion. Sikhye is one of the fermented foods which can help internal organs' movement and this movement of internal organs helps a digestion. Second, Sikhye contains a lot of fibers and these fibers work in body to accelerate a digestion as the main element. Third, it is helpful for chronic constipation and prevention of colorectal cancer and arteriosclerosis. Moreover, Sikhye is good for relieveing hangover. Lastly, According to Sasang typology in Oriental culture, Sikhye helps people who have cold constitution to be warmer.

## Related pages

- Korean cuisine
Play therapy

**Play therapy** is a kind of therapy counseling with playing activities, which helps children overcome their psychological difficulties by themselves and helps them to achieve optimal level of development. Young children often struggle to express their emotions, needs, and thoughts with language, but it can be more easily expressed through play activities. Therefore, play can be children's language to show their state. They can also release stress and have self-confidence by freely playing what they want and getting good words from therapists.

For therapists, they should know about human development, including child development. They also need to know to apply different kinds of playing activities for children. The most important thing for therapists is to have a good relationship with the children.

There are many kinds of play therapy, including psychoanalytic play therapy, children-based play therapy, filial play therapy, cognitive behavioral play therapy, developmental play therapy, Adlerian play therapy, sand play, and group play therapy. Those kinds of play therapy can be used successfully for children between 4 and 6 years old.
Mob

**Mob** may refer to:

- A crowd (of people, from Latin _mobile vulgus_ "fickle commoners":
- A criminal gang
- In American English, organised crime; slang for mafia
- Mobbing, human bullying behaviour
- Member of Bloods, a member of the Bloods street gang
Tropical Storm Claudette (1979)

**Tropical Storm Claudette** was a very destructive tropical storm in late July 1979. The storm cut across Puerto Rico, killing one. She then struck eastern Texas and left behind incredible flooding that caused almost $400 million in damage. Claudette was the first of three destructive tropical cyclones in 1979 Atlantic season.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Tropical Storm Claudette
- **year**: 1979
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Claudette 24 jul 1979 2040Z TN.jpg
- **image name**: Tropical Storm Claudette
- **type**: Tropical storm
- **formed**: July 15, 1979
- **dissipated**: July 29, 1979
- **1-min winds**: 50
- **pressure**: 997
- **damages**: 400
- **inflated**: 1
- **fatalities**: 2 direct
- **areas**: Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Cuba,
 Texas, Louisiana, Missouri, Ohio Valley, Kentucky, Virginia
- **hurricane season**: 1979 Atlantic hurricane season
Tropical Storm Hermine (2010)

**Tropical Storm Hermine** (also known as Tropical Depression 11-E in the eastern Pacific) was an unusual basin crossing tropical cyclone. The storm struck near Salina Cruz, Mexico before weakening into a low pressure system. It moved north, became Tropical Storm Hermine, intensified and then struck northeastern Mexico. Hermine continued north into Texas and Oklahoma, where it then fizzled out. From Guatemala to Oklahoma, the cyclone killed over 100 people and caused $740 million in damage, 240 million in the United States. Despite the devastation, the name **Hermine** wasn't retired.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Tropical Storm Hermine
- **type**: Tropical Storm
- **year**: 2010
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Tropical Storm Hermine 2010-09-07 1725Z.jpg
- **image name**: Tropical Storm Hermine well inland, while still at tropical storm intensity.
- **formed**: September 3, 2010
- **dissipated**: September 9, 2010
- **1-min winds**: 60
- **pressure**: 989
- **damages**: 740
- **fatalities**: 52 direct, 50 indirect (100 more feared dead)
- **areas**: Central America, Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma
- **hurricane season**: 2010 Pacific hurricane season#Tropical Depression Eleven-E, 2010 Pacific hurricane season and 2010 Atlantic hurricane season#Tropical Storm Hermine, 2010 Atlantic hurricane season
Vox (company)

**Vox** is a Japanese owned company that makes musical equipment. They are known for their guitar amplifiers, organs, bass guitars and electric guitars. The company was first created in Kent, England. It was sold to the Japanese company Korg in 1992.
Cast member

A **cast member** is:
- An actor who performs in a theatrical production, movie, or television program. These actors as a group are called the _cast_.
- Anyone who works at any of the Disney theme parks. These include the Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California  and the Walt Disney World Resort. The use of this term comes from Walt Disney's use of theatrical terms when referring to park operations.
- Anyone who works at Chuck E. Cheese's, inspired by the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts term.

## Television

Most television series have a "regular cast" or "main cast". These are the actors who are regularly on the show each week. They are commonly called just "regulars" or "main characters". Programs will often need other actors to play smaller roles in the series. These are called "guest stars". A guest star may only be used for a single episode or they may be used for more than one. This often happens if the character's story goes on for more than one episode. Often, a character will be used for many episodes, but over a long period of time not for episodes shown one after the other. These are called "recurring characters" and are characters that are not "regulars", they are not part of the main cast but are used many times during the series.

## Etymology

The word cast comes from the Old English word ' _casten_ ' or ' _kasta_ '(c.1230). The Old English means to throw in, to consider, plot, imagine, and design. This led to its meaning when referring to a "group of actors in a play" (c.1631).
Online shopping

**Online shopping** is how people directly buy goods or services from a seller in real-time over the Internet. It is a kind of electronic commerce.

In 1991 the Worldwide Web opened for commercial use.  In 1994 online banking started and an online pizza shop from Pizza Hut.   During that same year, Netscape introduced Secure Sockets Layer for secure online shopping.  Also, in 1994, the German company Intershop introduced its first online shopping system.  In 1995, Amazon started its online shopping site, and in 1996, eBay appeared.

## References

https://www.foyz.com/haber/136592/e-ticaretteki-tevkifat-uygulamasina-iliskin-usul-ve-esaslar-aciklandi
Substrate (chemistry)

In chemistry, a **substrate** is the chemical species being observed, which reacts with a reagent. What this word means depends on its context. In particular, in biochemistry, an enzyme substrate is the material upon which an enzyme acts.
Ovipositor

An **ovipositor** is the long hollow tube on the rear of female insects (and some other animals). Through this tube they lay eggs. The ovipositor is formed by the union of three pairs of rear appendages.

In many species it is a piercing organ which allows the insect to put its eggs into a specific place. In some species of wasp, the female drills through tree bark with her ovipositor and lays eggs in the bodies of grubs eating under the bark.
However, in many hymenoptera the ovipositor is used as a sting, and the female does not use it for egg-laying.
Tenbun

, also known as **Tembun** or **Temmon,** was a  after _Kyōroku_ and before _Kōji._  This period started in July 1532 and ended in October 1555. During this time, the emperor was  or .

## Events of the _Tenbun_ era

- **1536** (_Tenbun 5, 26th day of the 2nd month_): Go-Nara was formally established as emperor.

- **1542** (_Tenbun 11, 25th day of the 8th month_): Imagawa Yoshimoto of Suruga Province lost battle with army of Oda Nobuhide.

- **1543** (_Tenbun 12, 25th day of the 8th month_):  Portuguese ship landed at Tanegashima bringing the first gun into Japan.

- **1543** (_Tenbun 13, 7th month_): Flooding in Kyoto and nearby areas.

- **1546** (_Tenbun 15, 20th day of the 12th month_):  Ashikaga Yoshiteru became 13th Shōgun of the _Ashikaga shogunate_.

- **1547** (_Tenbun 11_): Joseon and "Treaty of Tenbun" limited trade to Korean port of Pusan.

- **15 August 1549** (_Tenbun 18, 22nd day of the 7th month_):  Jesuit Catholic priest Francis Xavier arrived in Japan

- **1551** (_Tenbun 20_): The first mechanical clock was brought to Japan by Xavier; and he gave it to Ouichi Yoshitaka.

## Related pages

- Muromachi period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Tenbun|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|8th|9th|10th|11th|12th|13th|14th|15th|16th|17th|18th|19th|20th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1532|1533|1534|1535|1536|1537|1538|1539|1540|1541|1542|1543|1544|1545|1546|1547|1548|1549|1550|1551|
|Tenbun|21st|22nd|23rd|24th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1552|1553|1554|1555|
Nuremberg Zoo

**Nuremberg Zoo** () is a zoo in the southeast of Nuremberg, Germany. The zoo covers . It has about 300 species of animals and is one of the largest European zoos.

## Other websites

- Map of the zoo
- Projekt Delphinlagune
- Polar bear baby _Flocke_

## Infobox (zoo)

- **zoo name**: Nuremberg Zoo (_Tiergarten Nürnberg_)
- **image**: Tiergarten Nuernberg Eingang.jpg
- **image width**: 250px
- **image caption**: Zoo entrance
- **date opened**: 11 May 1912
- **location**: Nuremberg, Germany
- **num species**: 300
- **website**: http://www.tiergarten.nuernberg.de
Kim Wilson

**Kim Wilson** (born January 6, 1951 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American blues singer and harpplayer. He is best known as the harp player and singer of The Fabulous Thunderbirds.

## Career

He started with the blues in the late 1960s whenhe was a senior at High school. Wilson was tutored by people like Muddy Waters, Jimmie Rogers, Eddie Taylor, Albert Collins, George "Harmonica" Smith, Luther Tucker and Pee Wee Crayton. He was influenced by harmonica players like Little Walter, James Cotton, Big Walter Horton, Slim Harpo and Lazy Lester. 1974 he went to Austin, Texas where he and the guitarist Jimmie Vaughan formed The Fabulous Thunderbirds. They became the house band at the blues club, Antone's. There they were the backing band of almost every blues act which came to Austin. In the 1980s they had two hits with "Tuff Enuff" and "Wrap It Up."

In the early 1990s he started a solo career but still played with the Thunderbirds. He is doing more than 200 concerts in a year playing in blues clubs and at Festivals around the world.

### Solo

- 1993  _Tigerman_  Antone's
- 1994  _That's Life_  Discovery
- 1997  _Will the Circle Be Unbroken_  Black Magic
- 1997  _My Blues_  Blue Collar Records
- 2001  _Smokin' Joint_  M.C. Records
- 2003  _Lookin' for Trouble_  Mc

### With The Fabulous Thunderbirds

- 1979  _The Fabulous Thunderbirds_  Chrysalis Records
- 1980  _What's the Word_  Benchmark
- 1981  _Butt Rockin_'  Benchmark
- 1982  _T-Bird Rhythm_  Benchmark
- 1986  _Tuff Enuff_  Epic Associated
- 1987  _Hot Number_  Epic Associated
- 1989  _Powerful Stuff_  Epic Associated
- 1991  _Walk That Walk, Talk That Talk_  Epic Associated
- 1995  _Roll of the Dice_  Private Music
- 1996  _Different Tacos_  Country Town
- 1997  _High Water_  Windham Hill Records
- 2001  _Live_  CMC International
- 2005  _Painted On_  Tone-Cool/Artemis
- 2011  _Girls Go Wild_

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kim Wilson
- **image**: KimWilson1996.jpg
- **caption**: Kim Wilson in 1996
- **image size**: 200px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan
- **instrument**: vocals, harmonica
- **genre**: Blues
- **years active**: 1970s till present
- **associated acts**: Fabulous Thunderbirds, Kim Wilsons Blues Revue
Letters to Juliet

***Letters to Juliet*** is a 2010 American romantic comedy-drama movie. It stars Amanda Seyfried, Christopher Egan, Vanessa Redgrave, Gael García Bernal, and Franco Nero. This was the final movie directed by Gary Winick before he died of brain cancer. The movie was released in North America and other countries on May 14, 2010. This movie was inspired by the 2006 non-fiction book, _Letters to Juliet_, by Lise Friedman and Ceil Friedman.

## Synopsis

When Sophie (Amanda Seyfried), a young American, travels to Verona, Italy — the romantic city where Romeo first met Juliet — she meets a group of volunteers who respond to letters written to Juliet the late wife of romeo ovie was released in North America and other countries on May 14, 2010, and was inspired by the 2006 non-fiction book "Letters to Juliet" by Lise Friedman and Ceil Friedman.

In the film, Sophie (played by Amanda Seyfried), a young American, travels to Verona, Italy—the romantic city where Romeo first met Juliet. . Sophie finds and answers a letter that has been lost for 50 years, and is stunned when its author Claire (Vanessa Redgrave) arrives in Italy with her handsome but overprotective grandson (Christopher Egan) to find the fiance she left decades before.  but juliet is mentoned by sophie when she said
Enchanted by Claire's quest, Sophie joins them on an adventure through the beautiful hills of Tuscany searching for Claire's long lost Lorenzo. The journey will change their lives forever, as they discover it's never too late to find true love. with the ghosr of julet

## Soundtrack Lists

- "You Got Me" – Colbie Caillat
- "Chianti Country"
- "Verona" – Andy Georges
- "Un Giorno Così" – 883
- "Per Avere Te" – Franco Morselli
- "Quando, Quando, Quando" – Laura Jane (as Lisa Jane) and Chris Mann
- "Variations On A Theme By Mozart" – from _The Magic Flute_, Opus 9
- "Sospesa" – Malika Ayane and Pacifico
- "Per Dimenticare" – Zero Assoluto
- "Sono Bugiarda (I'm A liar)" – Caterina Caselli
- "Guarda Che Luna" – Fred Buscaglione
- "Love Story" – Taylor Swift
- "What If" – Colbie Caillat

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Letters to Juliet
- **caption**: Movie poster
- **director**: Gary Winick
- **producer**: Caroline Kaplan,Ellen Barkin,Mark Canton
- **writer**: José Rivera (playwright), José Rivera,Tim Sullivan (British filmmaker), Tim Sullivan
- **starring**: Amanda Seyfried
Chris Egan (actor), Chris Egan
Vanessa Redgrave
Gael García Bernal
Franco Nero
- **music**: Andrea Guerra
- **cinematography**: Marco Pontecorvo
- **editing**: Bill Pankow
- **distributor**: Summit Entertainment
- **runtime**: 105 minutes
- **language**: English, Italian
- **budget**: $30 million
- **gross**: $80 million
John Whitney Hall

**John Whitney Hall** (September 13, 1916 – October 21, 1997), was an American academic, historian, editor and professor at Yale University.

## Early years

Hall was born in Kyoto in 1916. He lived in Japan until he was a teenager. According to his wife, "Being brought up in Japan and by missionaries, he was a very straight-arrow kind of person. There is this kind of missionary feeling, that you must make something of this [life], not just throw it away."

At Amherst College, he was awarded a degree in 1939. He returned to Japan an instructor in English at Doshisha University in Kyoto until 1941.

Hall earned his Ph.D. in East Asian languages and literatures from Harvard University in 1950. At Harvard, he became one of the first graduate students to study under Edwin O. Reischauer.

## Career

In 1948, Hall began teaching at the University of Michigan.

His earliest book was _Tanuma Okitsugu, 1718-1787_.  Among other interests, his research focused on the Kamakura period in the history of Japan.

He taught at Yale University until he retired in 1983. Yale's John W. Hall Lecture Series in Japanese Studies was established in his memory.

### Selected works

In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about John Whitney Hall, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 90+ works in 200+ publications in 8 languages and 10,000+ library holdings

- _Japanese History; a Guide to Japanese Reference and Research Materials_ (1954)
- _Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719–1788, Forerunner of Modern Japan_ (1955)
- _Government and Local Power in Japan, 500 to 1700; a Study Based on Bizen Province_ (1960)
- _Japanese History: New Dimensions of Approach and Understanding_ (1961)
- _Twelve Doors to Japan_ (1965) with Richard K. Beardsley
- _Studies in the Institutional History of Early Modern Japan_ (1968) with Marius Jansen
- _Japan, from Prehistory to Modern Times_ (1970)
- _Japan in the Muromachi Age _ (1977) with Toyoda Takeshi
- _The Cambridge history of Japan _ (1988-  )

## Honors

- Order of the Sacred Treasure
- Japan Foundation Award, 1976

Since 1994, the Association for Asian Studies (AAS) has awarded the John Whitney Hall Book Prize for an English language book published on Japan or Korea.

## Other websites

- Hall, John Whitney, 1916-  at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
Battles of Napoleon

***Battles of Napoleon*** is a 1988 computer wargame by Chuck Kroegel and David Landrey released by Strategic Simulations, Inc.. It was released for the Apple II, Commodore 64 and DOS. _Computer Gaming World_ gave it a glowing review, calling it "the game that can keep you satisfied, even addicted, for many years to come." The magazine later awarded it as "Wargame of the Year".
Eishō

**Eishō** or **Eisho** may mean:
- Eishō (Heian period) (永承), Japanese era from 1046 to 1053
- Eishō (Muromachi period) (永正), Japanese era from 1504 to 1521
- Empress Eishō (英照), empress consort of Emperor Kōmei of Japan
Kōji (Muromachi period)

was a  after _Tenbun_ and before _Eiroku._   This period started in October 1555 and ended in February 1558.  During this time, the emperors were   and .

## Events of the _Kōji_ era

- **1555** (_Kōji 1, 1st month_): A border war between daimyos of Aki Province and Suō Province.

- **1555** (_Kōji 1, 11th month_):  Mōri Motonari won the , also known as the "Battle of Miyajima"

- **1555** (_Kōji 1_): Battle of Kawanakajima.

- **1556** (_Kōji 2_): The Ōmori silver mine controlled by the Mori clan.

- **27 September 1557** (_Kōji 3, 5th day of the 9th month_): Emperor Go-Nara died at age 62.

## Related pages

- Muromachi period
- Kōji (Heian period)

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Kōji|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1555|1556|1557|1558|
Velvet Revolution

**Velvet Revolution** (Czech: sametová revoluce, Slovak: nežná revolúcia) is a name for political changes in Czechoslovakia between November 17 and December 29, 1989. It ended with the fall of the one-party government of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and start of the democratization process. The name _Velvet_ was chosen for its softness.

After the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia ended the Prague Spring in August 1968, censorship began again and the Communist Party purge<nowiki/>d many of its members. This event during the 1970s is known as Normalization. Despite these events, the economic situation in Czechoslovakia was better than in other countries of Eastern Bloc (for example in Poland or Hungary).

## Revolution

The Velvet Revolution started at an official event for 50th anniversary of the closing of Czechoslovakian universities on November 17, 1939 by the Nazis in Prague. This event continued after its official end and was violently ended by state police on the street "Národní třída". In following days people organized meetings for protest against the actions of state police. 750-800 thousand people were at one of the biggest protests on November 25.

On November 19, the Civic Forum, the political movement which led the dialogue with the communist government, was created in The Drama Club in Prague. The same day, the movement "Public Against Violence" was created in Bratislava.

On November 27 a general strike took place. On this day there was a protest at Wenceslas Square with 300,000 people. Its main slogan was "Konec vlády jedné strany" - _End of one-part government_.

Václav Havel was named as president of Czechoslovakia on December 29, 1989. He was the first non-communist president of Czechoslovakia since 1948.

## Other websites

- Velvet Revolution on totalita.cz Detailed day-to-day history with key documents quoted (in Czech language only).
- In the footsteps of November 17 - Czech.cz
Gemology

**Gemology** or **gemmology** is the science of dealing with natural and artificial gems and gemstones. It is considered a geoscience and a branch of mineralogy. Some jewelers are trained gemologists and are qualified to identify and evaluate gems.
Didcot power stations

**Didcot Power Station** refers to a combined coal and oil power plant (**Didcot A Power Station**) and a natural-gas power plant (**Didcot B Power Station**) that supply the National Grid. They are right next to one another in the civil parish of Sutton Courtenay, next to the town of Didcot in Oxfordshire (formerly in Berkshire), in the UK. The combined power stations feature a chimney which is one of the taller structures in the United Kingdom, and six hyperbolic cooling towers, which can be seen from much of the surrounding area. Didcot A was closed in 2013 and three cooling towers have been demolished.

## Didcot 'A'

This was the first power station here. It is the biggest one with the big cooling towers (that make the cooling water cooler and make lots of steam) that are in two groups. One group is northwest, the other group is southeast. The power station can make up to 2000 megawatts (2000 million watts - an 'average' lightbulb uses only 50 or 60 watts) at any one time. Didcot 'A' mainly burns coal, but can also burn oil, or in some cases gas. This power station can use some biomass such as wood. The fuel (coal, oil and so on) is first ground up in big mills if it is solid (similar to old flour windmills, but powered by electric motors) to give it a large surface area, and is then blown into a large boiler with lots of air. Here it is burnt to make very high pressure steam, which is used to turn a large steam turbine. This turbine is connected to a generator, which makes the electricity that is then sent out on the National Grid. Didcot A was closed in 2013 and has been demolished. There are now (2018) only three of the large cooling towers left.

## Didcot 'B'

This is the second power station in Didcot and is run only on gas. It can put out almost 1500 megawatts and uses gas turbines (like in an airplane) and steam turbines (like in the old power station) together to be more efficient. This is called combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT). It has smaller cooling towers that can't be seen as easily, but that make a more obvious cloud that appears to come from the ground. Didcot B is still operating in 2018.

## Infobox (power station)

- **name**: Didcot power stations
- **image**: Didcot power station.jpg
- **image caption**: Didcot Power Station

- **country**: England
- **location**: Oxfordshire, South East England
- **operator**: Central Electricity Generating Board
(_1968-1990_)
National Power
(_1990-2000_)
Innogy plc
(_2000-2002_)
RWE npower
(_2002-present_)
- **th fuel primary**: Coal
- **th fuel secondary**: Natural gas
- **th fuel tertiary**: Biofuel
- **ps electrical capacity**: 1,440 MW
- **commissioned**: 1968
Eiroku

was a  after _Kōji_ and before _Genki._  This period started in February 1558 and ended in April 1570. During this time, the emperor was .

## Events of the _Eiroku_ era

- **1560** (_Eiroku 3, 1st month_): Ōgimachi was formally established as emperor.

- **12 June 1560** (_Eiroku 3, 19th day of the 5th month_):  at the Battle of Okehazama, the forces of Imagawa Yoshimoto were defeated by Oda Nobunaga.

- **1564** (_Eiroku 7_): Nobunaga took control of , also known as Gifu Castle.

- **1567** (_Eiroku 10_): Todai-ji burned in battle led by Matsunaga Hisahide.

- **1568** (_Eiroku 11_): Oda Nobunaga gives land in Heian-kyō for building a Christian church  which was first called Eiroku-ji then called Namban-ji.

- **1568** (_Eiroku 11, 2nd month_): Ashikaga Yoshihide became shogun.

- **1568** (_Eiroku 11, 9th month_): Shogun Yoshihide died from disease.

- **1569** (_Eiroku 12_): First Christian church opened in Nagasaki.

## Related pages

- Muromachi period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Eiroku|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|8th|9th|10th|11th|12th|13th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1558|1559|1560|1561|1562|1563|1564|1565|1566|1567|1568|1569|1570|
Samgyetang

**Samgyetang** is Korean ginseng chicken soup. It’s a food commonly eaten during the summer, especially on the three days called ‘bok day’s.

Samgyetang is made of a whole young chicken stuffed with sticky rice, ginseng, jujube, garlic, and ginger. The chicken is “closed” shut and cooked in a soup. The richness of the broth depends on the style of the cook, as is the added  ingredients that may be added. Some Samgyetang broths are cooked for hours. This broth is added to the chicken cooking separately to create a very rich soup. Other broths are lighter and clear.

Samgyetang is usually served with salt and pepper, which is put in a small separate dish to dip the meat. Some people like to add the seasoning directly into the soup. It is usually served with kkakdugi (radish kimchi) and some restaurants will offer regular kimchi as well.

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Samgyetang
- **image**: KOCIS Korea Malbok Samgyetang 03 (9493375058).jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **country**: Korea
- **type**: Guk
- **main ingredient**: Chicken (food), Chicken, Korean ginseng
Sesame oil

**Sesame oil** is a vegetable oil made from the sesame plant. It is used a lot in Asian cooking.

## History

The English term sesame traces back to the Arabic _simsim_, Coptic _semsem_, and early Egyptian _semsent_. _Semsent_ was listed in the Ebers Papyrus, a 65-feet-long scroll listing ancient herbs and spices discovered by the famous German Egyptologist, Ebers. The earliest recorded use of a spice - sesame seed - comes from an Assyrian myth which claims that the gods drank sesame wine the night before they created the earth. Sesamum indicum, (indicum meaning "from India") is native to the East Indies. Usage dates back to 3000 B.C.  the  African slaves brought sesame seeds, which they called benné seeds, to America, where they became a popular ingredient in southern dishes. Through the ages, the seeds have been a source of food and oil. Sesame seed oil is still the main source of fat used in cooking in the Near East and Far East.

## Buying & keeping

Good sesame oil has a strong smell when it is opened. The color should be bright brown or gold. It should be kept at . If it is too cold, the oil would be solid and lose its smell. Sesame oil can go bad if it is exposed to air and sunlight. Therefore it is better kept on a shelf or a sideboard. A dark brown bottle is better than a plain one, because the brown one can protect the oil from the sunlight better. The bottle should be closed tightly to keep air out.

Many things affect the price. Oil content is the most important. Usually a bottle of sesame oil has 40~55%. The more oil content it has, the higher price it has. Another element is country of origin. Also if you buy it made from a factory it would cost less than oil made in a country house by a farmer.

## Other websites

- How to make sesame oil at ehow.com
Gristmill

A **gristmill** (usually **flour mill** in British English) grinds grain into flour. Grist can refer to both the grain that has been separated from its chaff and to the ground grain.

Most old ones are watermills.
They typically have a waterwheel and from 1 to 3 stones for grinding. Some have more. Water pours on to the wheel causing it to spin. This movement causes an axle inside to turn. The axle is connected to a gear which causes the grinding stones to spin. At the top, there is a chute filled with grain. The grain slowly falls through into the grinding stones.

There are different ways to transmit power from the waterwheel to the stones. The simplest method is known as a single-geared drive. Only one set of gears is used to drive a single stone. This arrangement was used since vertical waterwheels were used in gristmills. It was used until the 19th century.

Another method was known as spur-wheel drive. This method used a set of bevelled gears that would drive a horizontal 'spur-wheel', a large gearwheel that would then drive up to 3 or 4 millstones.

Another arrangement was known as a layshaft drive. The waterwheel would drive a horizontal 'layshaft' with gears mounted on it. Each gear would drive one set of stones.
The Kiss (Klimt)

***The Kiss*** or ***The Lovers*** is a painting by Gustav Klimt.  It was the last painting in Klimt's Gold Period.  He painted it in 1907 or 1908.  It is one of the most famous paintings in the world.

The Österreichische Galerie Belvedere museum, in the Belvedere palace, in Vienna, Austria is exhibiting the painting.

## Painting

The painting shows a couple embracing each other with gold leaf on canvas. The man is kissing the woman, who has green hair. Klimt has said he had obsession for the woman with redheads, and it was reflected in the woman in his painting.

The man and woman are on a flowery grassland. According to the psychoanalytical and biological distinction, Klimt expressed them in different ways. The man wearing a robe with black, white and gray rectangles is described in a rough way, while the woman is expressed with the smooth figures such as a circle, a curve, and flowery patterns. Her hair is also combined with flowers; it looks like she is surrounded with flowers. On the contrary, the part outside the couple in the painting is filled with flat patterning which has small gleaming dots.

"The Kiss" represents fin-de-siècle spirit because it shows a decadence through opulent and sybaritic images. Also, the painting has some styles recalling the arts of other period. Of them, by using gold leaf, the painting reflects medieval "gold-ground" paintings and earlier mosaics, and the spiral patterns in the clothes recall Bronze Age art.

In the Kiss, Klimt portrays woman as the femme fatale who is a beautiful woman attracting men sexually but brings them unhappiness. It is said that the woman modeled for the painting, however, his life companion Emilie Flöge,who participated as the Viennese bohemian (Bohemianism) and fin-de-siecle circles like Klimt.

The painting is 72 inches high and 72 inches wide (180 cm x 180 cm).  It is decorated with gold leaf.  At the time, people thought the panting was too sexy, even though both people are wearing clothes.

The city of Vienna bought the painting from Klimt before he finished it.  It cost 25,000 crowns.

## Influences

Klimt was a Symbolist artist and this painting was part of his Golden Period.  Klimt went to the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, where he saw Byzantine art, which also uses gold.  Also, his father and brother were metalworkers.  This is another reason why he liked to use gold leaf in paintings like _The Kiss_. Japanese prints also affected the way Klimt made the painting.

## Legacy

In 2003, Austria struck a coin with _The Kiss_ on one side and Klimt's face on the other.

As of the 21st century, the painting is in the Belvedere Gallery. Hundreds of thousands of people visit it each year.
Asbestosis

**Asbestosis** is caused by breathing in asbestos fibers. If asbestos gets into the lungs by breathing it in, it causes a disease called pulmonary fibrosis. It is one of the asbestos related occupational diseases mostly of the past and a restrictive lung disease. It does not affect a lot of new people, because most countries have banned the use of asbestos. After learning about the health hazards of the mineral, most but not all countries have banned its use, and it also took a long time to see the result of exposure. Asbestos can affect people up to 40 years after first inhaling asbestos.

It is not to be confused with mesothelioma, a cancer of the pleural spaces and ovary or testicles, also caused by breathing asbestos fibers.

## Countries where asbestos is used today

- India

There are more countries which use asbestos and this list does not include all of the countries involved.

## Related pages

- Pneumoconiosis
- Silicosis
- Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Mesothelioma

**Mesothelioma** is a cancer of the _mesothelial_ tissue, a membrane that surrounds several cavities inside of the human body, including the lungs. Although mesothelioma has many possible causes, most cases can be traced to asbestos exposure.

Mesothelioma is a deadly form of cancer. Most patients are diagnosed in their 60s and die at around age 70. It is different from asbestosis, another disease caused by asbestos. Mesothelioma has been the subject of many lawsuits.
Annie Raines

**Annie Raines** (born 3 July 1969 near Boston, Massachusetts) is an American harp player, piano player and singer.

## Career

Raines took up the harmonica at the age of 17. She left Antioch College to make a musical career. She was fascinated by the sound of Muddy Waters, Little Walter Jacobs, and Sonny Boy Williamson.  She was influenced by this blues master. She began to play on the streets and at local Boston clubs. She went to Chicago where she met and played with Pinetop Perkins and James Cotton. She played in Chicagos blues clubs. During this time she developed a style of her own.

She teamed with guitarist Paul Rishell who introduced her to the country blues tradition.

## Other websites

- Homepage Paul Rishell and Annie Raines

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Annie Raines
- **img**: Annie Raines.jpg
- **img capt**: Annie Raines playing with Paul Rishell at the Cafe Blue Hills 4/12/2008
- **image size**: 200px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts
- **instrument**: harmonica, piano, vocals
- **genre**: Blues
- **years active**: 1990s till present
Babi

In Egyptian mythology, **Babi**, also **Baba**, was god in the form of a baboon. His name is translated as _Bull of the baboons_. This basically means _boss of all baboons_ or the chief of the baboons. Because Baboons have many human characteristics, it was believed that they were dead ancestors.

Because baboons were thought to be the dead, Babi was felt to be an underworld deity.
Khepri

**Khepri** is a god in Egyptian mythology. He is a sun god who is often believed to be the third form of Ra, because of this he has a connection to rebirth. Khepri is the god of scarabs and Dung beetles. Looking at the actions of dung beetles pushing around small balls of dung, it was believed that Khepri was the god who pushed the sun in its orbit.
Appendage

An **appendage** is a part of animals attached the main body. Many arthropods have appendages on each, or most, of their segments. Millipedes, for example, have many segments, and almost all carry two legs. Insects have exactly six legs, two on each segment of the thorax. Antennae (feelers) attached to their heads are another type of appendage.

Wings, parts of the tail, legs, some mouthparts, external sex organs can all be described as appendages.

Appendages may be **uniramous**, as in insects and centipedes, where each appendage comprises a single series of segments, or it may be **biramous**, as in many crustaceans, where each appendage branches into two sections.

All arthropod appendages are variations of the same basic structure (homologous). Which structure is produced is controlled by homeobox genes. Changes to these genes have allowed scientists to produce animals (such as _Drosophila melanogaster_) with modified appendages, such as legs instead of antennae.
Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)

The **Ministry of Defence** is a British government department headed by the Secretary of State for Defence in the Cabinet.  It controls the administration of the British Armed Forces.

The present Ministry is a post-World War II creation, joining the Admiralty, the War Office, the Air Ministry and part of the Ministry of Aviation.  Ministers of State supervise each of the three armed services, and a Joint Chiefs of Staff committee is led by the professional heads of the three services.

## History

Before 1964, the British Army, Royal Navy, and Royal Air Force had their own departments. During and after World War I and II, leaders thought there should be more cooperation between them.
In 1940, Prime Minister Winston Churchill created the role of Minister of Defence, but it was combined with the job of Prime Minister. In 1946, the Ministry of Defence became its own department with its own minister.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **name**: Ministry of Defence
- **type**: Department
- **logo width**: 155px
- **image**: Ministry of Defence MoD Main Building, London MOD 45152986.jpg
- **image size**: 240
- **image caption**: Ministry of Defence Main Building, MoD Main Building, Westminster
- **formed**: 1 April 1964 (as modern department)
- **jurisdiction**: Government of the United Kingdom
- **headquarters**: Ministry of Defence Main Building, Main Building, Whitehall, Westminster, London
- **budget**: £55 billion; fiscal year, FY2021
- **minister type**: Secretary of State
- **minister1 name**: John Healey MP
- **minister1 pfo**: Secretary of State for Defence
- **chief1 name**: Admiral (Royal Navy), Admiral Tony Radakin, Sir Tony Radakin
- **chief1 position**: Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom), Chief of the Defence Staff
- **chief2 name**: David Williams (civil servant), David Williams
- **chief2 position**: Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence, Permanent Secretary
- **child1 agency**: Defence Equipment and Support
- **child2 agency**: Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
- **child3 agency**: United Kingdom Hydrographic Office