Gertrude Stein

**Gertrude Stein** (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American novelist, poet, playwright, and art collector.

Stein was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and raised in Oakland, California. She moved to Paris in 1903 and lived in France for the rest of her life.

From 1893 to 1897 she went to Radcliffe College, a women's school connected to Harvard University.  She was a student of psychologist William James. He asked her to study medicine. She entered Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 1897, but she failed some classes and left the school. Soon she went to Europe with her brother Leo. She lived with him in the Montparnasse district at 27, rue de Fleurus. In 1905 they bought paintings by Matisse and Picasso. They began a salon every Saturday evening to show the new art to others.

She started writing seriously in Paris. She wrote _The Making of Americans_ from 1906 to 1911. It was the long story of an American family. By 1909 she wrote _Three Lives_, stories about three women. In 1912 she wrote _Tender Buttons_, a group of prose poems about ordinary things. In this book Stein uses the English language in a way that reminds some people of what Picasso and others were doing with their cubist painting.

Stein met and fell in love with Alice B. Toklas in 1907. When brother Leo moved from Rue de Fleurus in 1910, Stein and Toklas began living together. They were companions for life. During World War I, from 1916, they drove around southern France bringing supplies to hospitals.

After the war Stein kept writing. She got to know many other writers and artists who had come to Paris. She knew many American writers, such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, Ezra Pound, Thornton Wilder, Paul Bowles, and Sherwood Anderson.

In 1933 she published _The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas_. It was easier to read than most of her other books. It became very popular and she became famous. In 1934 and 1935, she visited America with Toklas and gave lectures.

During World War II, Stein and Toklas stayed in the south of France under the Vichy government. "Even though they were Jewish, lesbian, American, and collectors of modern art," they were not bothered by the Nazi-supported government.

Stein died of stomach cancer in 1946.

## Books

- _Three Lives_ (1909)
- _Tender Buttons: Objects, Food, Rooms_ (1914)
- _Geography and Plays_ (1922)
- _The Making of Americans: Being a History of a Family's Progress_ (written 1906–8, published completely 1966)
- _How to Write_ (1931)
- _The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas_ (1933)
- _Lectures in America_ (1935)
- _Everybody's Autobiography_ (1937)
- _The World is Round_ (1939)
- _Ida A Novel_ (1941)
- _Wars I Have Seen_ (1945)

## Related pages

- List of poets from the United States

## Other websites

- Gertrude Stein at PennSound

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Gertrude Stein
- **image**: Gertrude Stein 1935-01-04.jpg
- **caption**: Stein in 1935 (photograph by Carl Van Vechten)
- **death place**: Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
- **movement**: Modernist literature
- **education**: Harvard University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Johns Hopkins University
- **partner**: Alice B. Toklas, Alice Toklas
- **signature**: Gertrude Stein- Autograph.svg