juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Clive Revill

**Clive Selsby Revill** (18 April 1930 – 11 March 2025) was a New Zealand actor who was best known for his roles in _Avanti!_, _A Fine Madness_, _The Assassination Bureau_, and in _The Pickwick Papers_. He also voiced Alfred Pennyworth in _Batman: The Animated Series_ and Emperor Palpatine in the original release of _Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back_. He was nominated for an Golden Globe Award for his role in _Avanti!_.

Revill was born in Wellington, New Zealand to British parents. He was raised in London, England. He was married to Valerie Nelson from 1970 until they divorced in 1977. Then he was married to Suzi Schor from 1978 until they divorced in 1988. They had one daughter, Kate Selsby.

Revill died from problems caused by dementia at a nursing home in Sherman Oaks, California on 11 March 2025, at the age of 94.

## Other websites

- Clive Revill at Film Reference

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Clive Revill
- **image**: Clive Revill Fagin Oliver 1963.jpg
- **caption**: As Fagin from the 1963 Broadway production of _Oliver!_
- **birth name**: Clive Selsby Revill
- **birth place**: Wellington, New Zealand
- **death place**: Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: New Zealand
- **occupation**: Actor
- **spouse**: (divorced)
 (divorced)
- **children**: Kate Selsby
- **yearsactive**: 1955–2016
Ronald Toby

**Ronald P. Toby** (1942 —   )  is an American historian, academic, writer and Japan studies expert.

## Early life

Toby earned a doctorate in Japanese history from Columbia University in 1977.

## Career

Toby has been a history professor at the University of California at Berkeley, Keio University and the University of Tokyo.

## Select works

In an overview of writings by and about Toby, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 18 works in 30+ publications in 3 languages and 790+ library holdings.

- _Korean-Japanese Diplomacy in 1711: Sukchong's Court and the Shogun's Title,_ 1974
- _The Early Tokugawa Bakufu and Seventeenth Century Japanese Relations with East Asia,_ 1977
- _State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan: Asia in the Development of the Tokugawa Bakufu,_ 1983
- _Emergence of Economic Society in Japan, 1600-1870,_ 2004, with Hayami Akira and Osamu Saitō
Kindergarten Cop

***Kindergarten Cop*** is a 1990 American action comedy movie directed by Ivan Reitman. It is about two undercover cops from Los Angeles pretending to be teachers at an elementary school in Astoria, Oregon to find the ex-wife of a drug dealer, who wants to kidnap their son. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Penelope Ann Miller, Pamela Reed, Richard Tyson, Carroll Baker, and Linda Hunt are in the cast. The movie was released in December 1990. It received mixed reviews by critics.  However, the movie earned over $200 million at the box office, making the movie very successful.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Kindergarten Cop
- **director**: Ivan Reitman
- **story**: Murray Salem
- **music**: Randy Edelman
- **cinematography**: Michael Chapman (cinematographer), Michael Chapman
- **studio**: Imagine Entertainment
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
- **runtime**: 111 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $26 million
- **gross**: $202 million
Division of Bendigo

The **Division of Bendigo** is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The division was created in 1900 first federal election in 1901. It is named for the city of Bendigo. In the early years was covered only Bendigo, but on later boundaries the seat has included towns such as Echuca, Castlemaine, Maryborough and Seymour. It now includes Bendigo, Castlemaine, Kyneton and Maldon.

## Members

|Member|Party|Results||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||rowspan="3"|Sir John Quick|Protectionist|1901–1906|
|||Independent Protectionist|1906–1909|||
|||Commonwealth Liberal|1909–1913|||
|||John Arthur|Labor|1913–1914||
|||Alfred Hampson|Labor|1915–1917||
|||Billy Hughes|Nationalist|1917–1922||
|||Geoffry Hurry|Nationalist|1922–1929||
|||Richard Keane|Labor|1929–1931||
|||Eric Harrison|United Australia|1931–1937||
|||George Rankin|Country|1937–1949||
|||Percy Clarey|Labor|1949–1960||
|||Noel Beaton|Labor|1960–1969||
|||David Kennedy|Labor|1969–1972||
|||John Bourchier|Liberal|1972–1983||
|||John Brumby|Labor|1983–1990||
|||Bruce Reid|Liberal|1990–1998||
|||Steve Gibbons|Labor|1998–2013||
|||Lisa Chesters|Labor|2013–present||
Bendigo has often been held by both the Australian Labor Party and the conservative parties. Bendigo has had 15 members, the second-highest number (with Denison) of any federal electorate. Famous members have been its first member, Sir John Quick, who was a leading federalist, and Prime Minister Billy Hughes. Hughes, who came from Sydney, represented Bendigo for two terms at a time when the federal Parliament met in Melbourne. John Brumby, who held the seat from 1983 to 1990, later became Premier of Victoria.

## References

- Division of Bendigo – Australian Electoral Commission

## Other websites

- Lisa Chesters' website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Bendigo
- **image**: Division of BENDIGO 2016.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Bendigo in Victoria (Australia), Victoria, as of the 2016 federal election.
- **created**: 1901
- **mp**: Lisa Chesters
- **mp-party**: Australian Labor Party, Labor
- **namesake**: Bendigo, Victoria (Australia), Victoria
- **electors**: 109615
- **electors year**: 2016
- **area**: 6255
- **class**: Provincial
Holyland Model of Jerusalem

The **Holyland Model of Jerusalem** is a model of Old City of Jerusalem from the period of the Second Temple. It was first held in the Holyland Hotel in Jerusalem. It was opened in 1966, together with other models of ancient structure models of Israel. In 2006 the model was moved to a new site in the Israel Museum.

## Other websites

- Israeli museum website
T.O.P

**T.O.P.** or **Choi Seung-hyun** (born November 4, 1987) is a South Korean entertainer. He is a rapper, singer-songwriter, music producer, actor and model. He was born on November 4, 1987. He is the oldest member of BigBang.
Shrine of the Book

The **Shrine of the Book** (, ) is a famous building in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. It shows the Dead Sea scrolls that were discovered in 1947 at Khirbet Qumran by the Archaeologist Dr. Yigael Yadin.

## Other websites

- The Shrine of the Book  at the Israel Museum, Jerusalem
- The Shrine of the Book
- The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
Walytjatjata

**Walytjatjata** (also spelled **Walytjatjara**) is a place in the Northern Territory of Australia that is culturally important to the Pitjantjatjara Aboriginal community. It is located in the far south of the Territory, about  away from the border with South Australia.

It is surrounded to the north by the western hills of the Mann Ranges. An outstation was built here in the 1980s, although nobody currently lives there permanently.

Most of the families associated with the place live in Pipalyatjara, about  to the southeast. The houses there are sometimes used for hunting, foraging, painting and cultural events. Nearby are several rockholes and a sacred rock formation that is associated with the .

The name __ refers to something having an owner in Pitjantjatjara.

## Other websites

- Walytjatjata on the Northern Territory Place Names Register
QVC

**QVC** is a multinational group that represents shopping at home. The name _QVC_ means Quality, Value and Convenience.

The group are a television network that runs 24 hours a day and seven days per week. Celebrities on QVC have included Rachael Ray, Susan Lucci and Joan Rivers. This network specializes primarily in fashion, shoes and clothing. QVC serves almost 235 million customers in six countries. It was founded by Joseph Segel.

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: QVC
- **logo**: QVC logo 2019.svg
- **slogan**: Find what you love. _Love what you find._
- **picture format**: 2160p UHDTV
 1080i HDTV

- **owner**: Qurate Retail Group
- **language**: English language, English
- **headquarters**: West Chester, Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania, Penn.
- **country**: United States
- **area**: Worldwide
- **terr serv 1**: QVC terrestrial television
- **terr chan 1**: x.6 on most Ion Television owned-and-operated stations, owned-and-operated stations, also on:<div>
* KAUO-LD 15.5 Amarillo, Texas, Amarillo, TX
* KBCB 24.3 Bellingham, Washington, Bellingham, WA
* KBTV-CD 8.7 Sacramento, California, Sacramento, CA
* KBZC-LD 42.5 Enid, Oklahoma, Enid, OK
* KISA-LD 40.5 San Antonio, Texas, San Antonio, TX
* KKJB 39.5 Boise, Idaho, Boise, ID
* KPTN-LD 7.3 St. Louis, Missouri, St. Louis, MO
* KUSE-LD 46.4 Seattle, Washington, Seattle, WA
* KVAT-LD 17.1 Austin, Texas, Austin, TX
* KXLA 44.1 Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, CA
* KYNM-CD 30.5 Albuquerque, New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
* W16CC-D 16.5 Westgate, Florida, Westgate, FL
* WCCB-TV 18.4 Charlotte, North Carolina
* WBGT-CD 46.6 Rochester, New York, Rochester, NY
* WIIC-LD 31.2 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA
* WJYS 62.5 Hammond, Indiana, Hammond, IN
* WTXL-TV, WTXL 27.4 Tallahassee, FL
* WUDL-LD 19.5; QVC2 available on 19.6  Detroit, Michigan, Detroit, MI
* WWTD-LD 49.3 Washington, D.C.
* WYBN-LD 14.6 Cobleskill (village), New York, Colbeskill, NY
</div>
- **sat serv 1**: DirecTV
- **sat chan 1**: Channels 70, 275 and 317 (HD)
- **sat serv 2**: Dish Network
- **sat chan 2**: Channel 137 (HD)
- **cable serv 1**: Available on most cable systems
- **cable chan 1**: Channel slots vary on each provider
- **online serv 1**: QVC
- **online chan 1**: [http://www.qvc.com/content/shop-live-tv.html?cm_re=MH-_-SHOPQVCLIVE-_-WATCHLIVETV Live Stream]
- **online serv 2**: Apple TV & Amazon Fire TV
- **online chan 2**: QVC app (all QVC networks)
- **online serv 3**: Roku
- **online chan 3**: QVC/HSN app (all QVC & HSN networks)
Home Shopping Network

The **Home Shopping Network**, or **HSN**, are a major American television group that sell primarily fashion, jewelry, shoes and clothing, although they may sometimes sell other products. HSN were launched in 1982, though did not become national until around 1985. HSN services are broadcasted in several countries around the world.
Evening gown

An **evening gown** is a fancy dress. It is usually worn to parties or formal dinners. These dresses are usually floor-length dresses
Gloria Reuben

**Gloria Elizabeth Reuben** (born June 9, 1964) is a Canadian actress and singer. She acts in both television series and movies. Reuben played Elizabeth Keckley in the 2012 movie _Lincoln_. She played Jeanie Boulet in the medical drama _ER_. Reuben was born in Toronto, Ontario.
RR Lyrae

**RR Lyrae** is a pulsating variable star in the constellation Lyra. It is the model for the variable stars known as **RR Lyrae variables**. It pulses over a short cycle of 13 hours, 36 minutes. Each radial pulsation causes the radius of the star to vary between 5.1 and 5.6 times the Sun's radius.

Stars of this type are often found in globular clusters, and used as standard candles to measure distances to other galaxies.

RR Lyrae and its type are pulsating stars of spectral class A (and rarely F), with a mass of around half the Sun's. It is thought they previously shed mass and consequently, they were once stars with similar or slightly less mass than the Sun, about 0.8 solar masses.

RR Lyrae stars pulse in a manner similar to Cepheid variables, so the mechanism for the pulsation is thought to be similar. The nature and histories of these stars is thought to be rather different.
Unlike Cepheids, RR Lyraes are old, low mass, metal-poor "Population II" stars.  They are much more common than Cepheids, but also much less luminous. The average absolute magnitude of an RR Lyrae is about 0.75, only 40 or 50 times brighter than our Sun. Their period is shorter, typically less than one day, sometimes ranging down to seven hours.

The relationship between pulsation period and absolute magnitude of RR Lyraes makes them good standard candles for relatively near objects, especially within the Milky Way. They are extensively used in globular cluster studies, and also used to study chemical properties of older stars.

Knowing the period-luminosity relation for local RR Lyrae-type variable stars allows the distance of more distant stars of this type to be determined. The distance of RR Lyrae remained uncertain until 2002 when the Hubble Space Telescope was used to fix its distance within a 5% margin of error. The result was . When combined with measurements from the Hipparcos satellite and other sources, the result is a distance estimate of .
Rosalind Russell

**Rosalind Russell** (June 4, 1907 – November 28, 1976) was an American actress who acted in lots of stage plays and many movies. She played a fast talking newspaper reporter in the 1940 screwball movie _His Girl Friday_ and Mame Dennis in the movie _Auntie Mame_. Russell was born in Connecticut. She died from breast cancer at age sixty-nine in Beverly Hills, California.
L'Osservatore Romano

**L'Osservatore Romano** is the official newspaper of the Holy See. It was first published in 1861. It is not used for official publications, which appear in Acta Apostolicae Sedis. L'Osservatore Romano is published daily, in Italian. There are also weekly or monthly editions in many other languages.

## Other websites

- _The Holy See – L'Osservatore Romano_
- _L'Osservatore Romano_ site index
- The origins of _L'Osservatore Romano_
Mirrors (song)

**"Mirrors"** is a 2013 song by American singer Justin Timberlake. The song is on his third studio album _The 20/20 Experience_. "Mirrors" was released 11 February 2013.
Galactic Center

The **Galactic Center** (or **Galactic Centre**) is the rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy.

It is a supermassive black hole of 4,100 ± 0.034 million solar masses. It powers the compact radio source Sagittarius A*.

It is  away from Earth in the direction of the constellations Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, and Scorpius where the Milky Way appears brightest.

## Baade's window

Walter Baade searched for the centre of the Milky Way galaxy in the mid-1940s. He used the  Hooker telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory in California.

Up until then the structure and position of the galactic center was not known for sure.

In 2006, the Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search (SWEEPS) conducted a survey of 180,000 stars for seven days. The objective was to detect extrasolar planets by the transit method.

OGLE and other observation programs have successfully detected extrasolar planets orbiting around central bulge stars in this area by the gravitational microlensing method.
Enterococcus

***Enterococcus*** is a genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes.

Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci that often occur in pairs or short chains. They look like streptococci. Two species are regular gut flora organisms in the intestines of humans: _E. faecalis_ (90-95%) and _E. faecium_ (5-10%).

## Physiology and classification

Enterococci are "facultative anaerobic organisms". This means they can live in both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor environments.

Members of the genus _Enterococcus_ were classified as Group D _Streptococcus_ until 1984. Genomic DNA analysis showed they were a separate genus.

## Pathology

Important infections caused by _Enterococcus_ include urinary tract infections, bacterial endocarditis, diverticulitis, and meningitis.

Sensitive strains of these bacteria can be treated with ampicillin, penicillin and vancomycin. Urinary tract infections can be treated by antibiotics, but many virulent strains of _Enterococcus_ are resistant. From a medical standpoint, an important feature of this genus is the high level of intrinsic antibiotic resistance. This rules out some important antibiotics.
Mycoplasma

***Mycoplasma*** is a genus of bacteria. They do not have a cell wall around their cell membrane.
They are gram-negative, and need sterols such as cholesterol for growth. Many common antibiotics such as penicillin that target cell walls do not affect mycoplasma. _Mycoplasma_ are the smallest bacterial cells yet discovered. They are typically about 0.1  µm in diameter.

Many species are parasitic, pathogenic or saprophytic, and can survive without oxygen. In humans, _M. genitalium_ causes urethritis, and _M. pneumoniae_ is a common cause of pneumonia. Some live as saprophytes but the majority are parasites of plants and animals. The parasitic nature is due to the inability of mycoplasmal bacteria to synthesise the required growth factor.
Micropaleontology

**Micropaleontology** (also sometimes spelled as **micropalaeontology**) is the branch of paleontology that studies **microfossils**. Microfossils are fossils generally not larger than four millimeters, and commonly smaller than one millimeter. A microscope is used to study them. Every kingdom of organisms is represented in the microfossil record. Microfossils can provide important information about the ecology in the past.

People who study micropaleontology are called **micropaleontologists**. Taxonomy and statistics are important parts of micropaleontology.

Microfossils are most common in sediment that forms beneath water, particularly ocean water or lake water. Very old microfossils may be found in rock. Special techniques are used to separate microfossils from rock. For example, the shells of diatoms and some other organisms are made of silica; other materials in the rock can sometimes be removed with acid, leaving just the silica shells.

Micropaleontology can be divided into four areas of study. The different areas of study  use different techniques to separate the microfossils. This is because the microfossils are made of different minerals:
- Silicon dioxide, for example in the shells of diatoms,
- Chalk, for example in the shells of coccoliths and foraminifera,
- Phosphate, for example in bones of vertebrates,
- Organic compounds, for example in pollen and spores.

The area of study for pollen and spores, including fossils, is called palynology.
Palynology

Palynology is the study of very small natural particles. The word literally means the "study of dust". A palynologist is someone whose job is to identify what the particles are. Samples of particles can come from the air or water or soil or rocks. They could be organic and inorganic. Micropaleontology is a related area of study; it involves very small fossils.

## Methods

A palynologist uses a microscope. They may also use chemical tests to find out what a particle is made of.

The methods used to study fossils in micropaleontology and in palynology are often different. Micropaleontology often involves breaking and dissolving rocks. Palynology often involves soil or sediment.

The main work of a palynologist is to identify each particle. Many different kinds of particles might be in the same sample. They may include:
- clay
- pollen
- algae with hard shells such as Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, golden algae
- spores from plants, fungi, or bacteria
- small seeds
- pieces of larger organisms
- tiny fossils

## Uses

When the palynologist knows what particles are present in a sample, they may be able to say what the temperature or environmental chemistry was like where the sample came from. They may also be able to say where the sample came from.

Palynology is used in forensic science to learn where something came from, by looking at the particles in or on it.

Palynology is also very important in the study of climate history. In bodies of water such as lakes, ponds, and the ocean, sediment builds up slowly, so that the oldest sediment is at the bottom. There are ways to take a sample of the sediment that doesn't disturb the layers (either using a tube, or by freezing).

In glacial lakes, the sediment may have varves, which are two layers per year that are different colours. If there are varves, a lot of detailed information can be discovered in a core sample.
Delta Cephei

**Delta Cephei** (δ Cep, δ Cephei) is a binary star system about 887 light-years away in the northern constellation of Cepheus, the King. At this distance, the apparent magnitude of the star is reduced by 0.23 as a result of gas and dust along the line of sight.

Delta Cephei, found by John Goodricke in 1784, was only the second Cepheid variable discovered. It is very important because its distance is extremely well known. This is partly because it is in a star cluster, close enough for the precise Hubble Space Telescope/Hipparcos parallaxes to give a good result. As a result, it is known as a "fundamental distance calibrator", or absolute candle. Delta Cephei is a classical, or type I, Cepheid variable.

The only Cepheid variable closer to us is Polaris, the North Star, whose distance is still not exactly known.

Delta Cephei is emitting around 2,000 times the Sun's luminosity. This is producing a strong stellar wind, which, with the pulsations and shocks in the star's atmosphere, is ejecting mass at the rate of  masses per year. This is the equivalent to the mass of the Sun roughly every million years. The matter is flowing outward at a velocity of about 350 km s<sup>–1</sup>. This expelled gas forms a nebula about one parsec across, centered on Delta Cephei, and contains 0.07–0.21 solar masses of neutral hydrogen. A bow shock is being formed where the stellar wind is colliding with the surrounding interstellar medium.
Quantum state

The **quantum state** of something is a mathematical tool that describes everything that can be physically measured about that thing. For example, the quantum state of a hydrogen atom, has all the physical information one can get from measuring a hydrogen atom, like its position, momentum, energy, angular momentum, spin, and so forth.

## Related pages

- Quantum mechanics
Inge Lønning

**Inge Lønning** (20 February 1938 – 24 March 2013) was a Norwegian Lutheran theologian, academic, and politician for the Conservative Party of Norway.

Lønning was born on 20 February 1938 in Fana, Bergen, Norway. He was raised in Oslo, Norway. Lønning studied at the University of Oslo. He served as a councilman in Oslo. Lønning died on 24 March 2013 from an illness after going on a trip in Beitostølen, Norway, aged 75.

## Other websites

- Profile in Nordic Council
Haw

**Haw** or **HAW** may refer to:

- Many species of hawthorn (_Crataegus_)
- Hawaii, United States
- Hawaiian language
Saguia el Hamra

**Saguia el Hamra** was one of the two territories that made up the territory Western Sahara, when it was under Spanish rule, until 1978. At that time, Western Sahara was called _Sahara Occidental_. It makes up the northern part of the territory, that extends from about 26° northern longitude, to about 27° 50'. It covers an area of roughly . It is named after the river Saguia el Hamra, which only exists during part of the year - a wadi. During the rainy season, it turns into a lake, located near the capital, El Aaiún. The other territory was called Río de Oro
Frank Thornton

**Frank Thornton** (**Frank Thornton Ball**; 15 January 1921 – 16 March 2013) was an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Captain Peacock in _Are You Being Served?_ and in its sequel _Grace & Favour_ (_Are You Being Served Again_), and as Truly in _Last of the Summer Wine_.

Thornton was born on 15 January 1921 in Dulwich, London, England. He studied at Alleyn's School and at the London School of Dramatic Art. Thornton was married to Beryl Jane Margaret Evans from 1945 until his death in 2013. They had a daughter, Jane Thornton. He died on 16 March 2013 in his home in Barnes, London, England from natural causes, aged 92.

## Other websites

- Frank Thornton recalls his appearance on This Is Your Life
Jackdaw

The **Jackdaw** is a large bird, a member of the crow family Corvidae. It is black, with a grey back of the head.

The jackdaw is common over the whole of Europe and much of Asia. It is mostly a resident, although northern and eastern populations migrate south in the winter. It is about  in length,

The jackdaw is gregarious and vocal, living in small groups with a complex social structure. It is found in farmland, open woodland, on coastal cliffs, and in urban settings.

## Behaviour

Jackdaws are omnivorous and opportunistic. They eat a wide variety of plant material and invertebrates, as well as food waste from urban areas. Jackdaws are monogamous and build simple nests of sticks in cavities in trees, cliffs, or buildings. About five pale blue or blue-green eggs with brown speckles are laid and incubated by the female. The young fledge in four to five weeks.

In his book _King Solomon's Ring_, Konrad Lorenz described and analysed the complex social interactions in a Jackdaw flock which lived around his house in Altenberg, Austria. He ringed them for identification and caged them in the winter to prevent their annual migration.

Lorenz found that the birds have a hierarchy, with higher-ranked birds dominating lower-ranked birds. Pair-bonded birds share the same rank. Young males establish their individual status before pairing with females. Unmated females are the lowest members in the pecking order, and are the last to have access to food and shelter. Lorenz noted one case in which a male, absent during the dominance struggles and pair bondings, returned to the flock, became the dominant male, and chose one of two unpaired females for a mate. This female immediately assumed a dominant position in the social hierarchy and demonstrated this by pecking others. According to Lorenz, the most significant factor in social behaviour was the immediate and intuitive grasp of the new hierarchy by each bird in the flock.

## Related pages

- RSPB Jackdaw page
Peggy Sue Got Married

***Peggy Sue Got Married*** is a 1986 American romantic fantasy comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Kathleen Turner and Nicolas Cage. Turner's character, Peggy Sue Bodell, goes back in time to 1960 when she attends her class of 1960 high school reunion in 1985.
Dry stone wall

A **dry stone wall** is a wall made of stone without using mortar. They are made by carefully choosing rocks that fit together. There are dry stone walls in the Yorkshire Dales in northern England.

## Other websites

- How to build dry stone walls
Sun Country Airlines

**Sun Country Airlines** is an American low-fare airline. It was started by many former Braniff International Airways employees. It is headquartered in the Dakota County suburb of Eagan, Minnesota.  Sun Country uses nearby Minneapolis/Saint Paul International Airport as a _hub_. It currently flies to 43 destinations throughout the Caribbean, United States, Mexico, and Costa Rica.

Most of Sun Country's routes either arrive in or depart from Minneapolis-St. Paul. The airline also sometimes has flights between other cities, including Dallas, Texas

Sun Country has Boeing 737 airplanes.

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Sun Country Airlines
- **image**: Sun Country (4957421449).jpg
- **iata**: SY
- **icao**: SCX
- **callsign**: SUN COUNTRY
- **founded**: June 1982
- **commenced**: January 1983
- **aoc**: SCNA220K
- **frequent flyer**: Sun Country Rewards
- **fleet size**: 54
- **destinations**: 96
- **parent**: Sun Country Airlines Holdings
- **company slogan**: _The Hometown Airline_
- **num employees**: 2,500
- **headquarters**: Minneapolis, Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- **key people**: <div>
*Jude Bricker <small>(Chief executive officer, CEO)</small>
*Jennifer Vogel<small>(Chairman)</small>
*Jim Olsen <small>(Entrepreneur, Founder and First Chief executive officer, CEO)</small>
</div>
- **website**: [http://www.suncountry.com/ www.suncountry.com]
Virgin America

**Virgin America** was an U.S. airline. It began operations in 2007.  Its corporate headquarters were located in California. The airline used Airbus A319 and Airbus A320 aircraft, flying to destinations throughout the United States and Mexico.

The airline was partly owned by the Virgin Group.  The Virgin Group also controls Virgin Atlantic Airways and Virgin Australia. However, the Virgin Group had less than a fifty percent share of the airline. This is due to U.S. federal laws that do not allow foreign control of domestic airlines.

Virgin America was looking to sell all or part of its airline in early 2016. On April 4, 2016, Alaska Airlines announced it would buy Virgin America. Alaska retired the Virgin America name on April 25, 2018, and the airline's branding gradually started to disappear from planes and interiors from that date onwards.
Rebecca Romijn

**Rebecca Alie O'Connell** (née **Romijn**, born November 6, 1972) is an American movie and television series actress. She played Mystique in the X-Men movies and Alexis Meade in the television sitcom _Ugly Betty_. Romijn was born in Berkeley, California. Her father is Dutch.
Godsend (movie)

***Godsend*** is a 2004 supernatural horror-thriller movie. It is about a couple who lose their child, after which they are put through supernatural forces and nightmares. The movie stars Robert De Niro and Rebecca Romijn. This movie received very bad reviews from critics. Its intake was over $30 million, making _Godsend_ a mild success in the box office.

## Other websites

- Website for the fictional Godsend institute

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Godsend
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Nick Hamm
- **producer**: Marc Butan
Sean O'Keefe (producer), Sean O'Keefe
Cathy Schulman
Mark Canton
- **writer**: Mark Bomback
- **starring**: Greg Kinnear
Rebecca Romijn
Cameron Bright
Robert De Niro
Christopher Britton (actor), Christopher Britton
- **music**: Brian Tyler (composer), Brian Tyler
- **cinematography**: Kramer Morgenthau
- **editing**: Niven Howie
Steve Mirkovich
- **studio**: 2929 Entertainment
Mark Canton, Atmosphere Pictures
- **distributor**: Lions Gate Entertainment, Lions Gate Films
- **runtime**: 102 minutes
- **country**: United States
Canada
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $25 million
- **gross**: $30,114,487
Gengen-Wer

**Gengen Wer** is a god in Egyptian mythology that appears as a goose. He is long forgotten by the Egyptian people, but was famous in Ancient Egypt. He is seen in the series of Rick Riordan's _The Kane Chronicles_ books as a god who is senile. He was sensitive as the earlier Egyptians wrote. He was long forgotten by the Egyptian people, but was admired in Ancient Egypt. He is often associated with artistic expression and laid an egg in the plain of chaos that all matter came from.

## Infobox (deity)

- **type**: egyptian
- **name**: Gengen-Wer
- **hiro**: <hiero>n:g*g-U19-wr</hiero>
Negeg-Wer
 _Ngg-wr_
"The Great Cackler"
- **image**: Meidoum - Tomb of Itet - geese 300dpi.png
- **image upright**: 1.25
- **caption**: Geese depicted in the tomb of Nefermaat
Mount Ebenezer

**Mount Ebenezer** is a pastoral station and roadhouse in the south of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is located on the Lasseter Highway,  from the Stuart Highway to the east and  to Uluṟu in the west. Mount Ebenezer is owned by the community of Imaṉpa, which is surrounded by the property. It is one of the few Aboriginal-owned stations in the Territory. It is managed by Lisanote Pty Ltd, a company also owned by the Imaṉpa Community. This company also operates the Angas Downs Indigenous Protected Area, which borders the property to the west. The lease for the property is held by the Fogarty family.

## History

The area falls within the traditional homeland of the southern Luritja people (Matuntara). Mount Ebenezer, the mountain that the station was named after, is in the Basedow Ranges and can be seen to the north of the roadhouse. The mountain itself is named for Ebenezer Flint, who worked in the area in 1871 on the Overland Telegraph Line. In the early 1920s, a pioneer named William Liddle established the Angas Downs sheep station to the west of the Basedow Ranges. He had previously worked at the telegraph station in Alice Springs. He settled at Angas Downs with his wife Mary (an Aranda woman) and had several children. From the late 1920s, the family began to use the Mount Ebenezer area as an extension of Angas Downs.

Mount Ebenezer was established as its own station in 1947 by William's second son, Harold Liddle. He was one of the first people of Aboriginal descent to get a perpetual lease for a pastoral property. Liddle sold the new station to Ted Kunoth in 1952. Kunoth built a roadhouse to service tourist traffic between the Stuart Highway and Uluṟu. In 1978, Kunoth agreed to allow the Aboriginal people of the area to set up a community on a part of the station's lands. The area at Imaṉpa, beneath the Basedow Ranges, was removed from the property for this. Kunoth sold the property's lease to Alan Rogers, who then resold to the Fogarty family in 1993.

## Other websites

- Mount Ebenezer  on _Exploring Australia_
Evil Dead (2013 movie)

The ***Evil Dead*** is a 2013 American horror movie. It is about five friends who stay at a remote cabin. This movie was at first rated NC-17, but changes were made so the movie would get an R rating from the MPAA. _Evil Dead_ was also rated "18" by the BBFC (UK) and rated "R" in Australia. This movie got positive reviews by the critics.

It is a remake of 1981 movie _Evil Dead_.
Jon Lovitz

**Jonathan M. "Jon" Lovitz** (born July 21, 1957) is an American comedian, actor and singer. He was known for his sketches on _Saturday Night Live_ from 1985 through 1990. He was also known for his guest-star role as Steve on _Friends_. He won two Emmy Awards for his writing on comedy series and a Screen Actors Guild Award for his acting in a crew.

Lovitz was born on July 21, 1957 in Los Angeles, California to a Romanian-Hungarian-Russian-Jewish family. He studied at the University of California at Irvine.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1986|_Hamburger... The Motion Picture_|Security guard||
|1986|_Last Resort_|Bartender||
|1986|_Jumpin' Jack Flash_|Doug||
|1986|_Ratboy_|Party guest||
|1986|_Three Amigos_|Morty||
|1987|__|Radio|Voice role|
|1988|_Big_|Scotty Brennen||
|1988|_My Stepmother Is an Alien_|Ron Mills||
|1990|_Mr. Destiny_|Clip Metzler||
|1991|__|Chula|Voice role|
|1992|__|Unknown||
|1992|__|Ernie Capadino||
|1992|_Mom and Dad Save the World_|Emperor Tod Spengo||
|1993|_Loaded Weapon 1_|Becker||
|1993|_Coneheads_|Dr. Rudolph||
|1994|_City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold_|Glen Robbins||
|1994|_North_|Arthur Belt||
|1994|_Trapped in Paradise_|Dave Firpo||
|1996|_For Goodness Sake II_|Unknown||
|1996|__|Sol||
|1996|_Matilda_|Mickey||
|1996|_High School High_|Richard Clark|Lead Role|
|1998|__|Jimmie Moore|Uncredited|
|1998|_Happiness_|Andy Kornbluth||
|1999|_Lost & Found_|Uncle Harry||
|2000|_Small Time Crooks_|Benny||
|2000|_Little Nicky_|Peeper||
|2000|_Sand_|Kirby||
|2001|_3000 Miles to Graceland_|Jay Peterson||
|2001|_Cats & Dogs_|Calico|Voice role|
|2001|_Rat Race_|Randall 'Randy' Pear||
|2001|_Good Advice_|Barry Sherman||
|2002|_Eight Crazy Nights_|Tom Baltezor|Voice role|
|2003|_Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star_|Sidney Wernick||
|2004|__|Dave Markowitz||
|2005|_Bailey's Billion$_|Bailey||
|2005|_Pancho's Pizza_|Unknown|Short film|
|2005|__|Mr. Marks||
|2006|_Farce of the Penguins_|"My eyes are up here" Penguin|Voice role Direct-to-DVD release|
|2006|__|Mel||
|2006|_Southland Tales_|Bart Bookman||
|2007|_I Could Never Be Your Woman_|Rob|Direct-to-DVD release|
|2010|_Casino Jack_|Adam Kidan||
|2012|_Jewtopia_|Dennis Lipschitz||
|2012|_Hotel Transylvania_|Quasimodo|Voice role|
|2013|_Bula Quo!_|Wilson||
|2013|_Grown Ups 2_|Squats Fitness Janitor||
|2013|_Jay & Silent Bob's Super Groovy Cartoon Movie_|The Mad Scientist||
|2014|_Birds of Paradise_|Skeeter|Voice|
|2015|_A Mouse Tale_|King of Mice|Voice|
|2015|_Hotel Transylvania 2_|The Phantom of the Opera|Voice|
|2015|_The Ridiculous Six_|||

## Other websites

- Jon Lovitz On MySpace.com

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jon Lovitz
- **image**: JonLovitz08.jpg
- **caption**: Lovitz in 2008.
- **birth name**: Jonathan Michael Lovitz
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, United States
- **occupation**: Comedian, actor, singer
- **years active**: 1984–present
Jerry Colonna

**Gerardo Luigi "Jerry" Colonna** (September 17, 1904 – November 21, 1986) was an Italian-American comedian, singer, actor, songwriter, and musician. He was known for his big mustache and for working with Bob Hope on comedy shows.

Colonna was born on September 17, 1904 in Boston, Massachusetts to an Italian family. He was married to Florence Purcell in c. 1930 until his death in 1986. They had one son, Robert. Colonna died on November 21, 1986 in Woodland Hills, California from kidney failure, aged 82.

## Other websites

- WFMU's Jerry Colonna Homage
- Find-A-Grave profile for Jerry Colonna
- The Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jerry Colonna
- **birth name**: Gerardo Luigi Colonna
- **image**: Jerry Colonna 1951.JPG
- **caption**: Colonna in July 1951
- **imagesize**: 220 px
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death place**: Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, Woodland Hills, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Kidney failure
- **occupation**: Musician, actor, comedian, singer, songwriter, trombonist
- **years active**: 1935–1971
- **children**: Robert (adopted)
Kozhikode district

**Kozhikode** is a district in the state of Kerala, in India. It is divided into four taluks - Kozhikode, Vadakara, Koyilandy and Thamarassery.
Río de Oro

**Rio de Oro** was one of the two territories of Western Sahara, when the territory was under Spanish rule. Rio de Oro, which literally means _river of gold_ is more to the south. The other part was called Saguia el Hamra. The territory is named after a wadi. The capital of the territory is called Dakhla. When the territory was ruled by the Spanish, its name was _Villa Cisneros_. It has a size of roughly . To the north, the 26th parallel is the border, and to the south, the territory is limited by the 21° 20' parallel (and the border with Mauritania).

Originally, Portuguese traders called the territory _Rio do Ouro_, they traded goods for gold dust, in the year 1442. They believed to be in Mali ruled by Mansa Musa. Mali was famed for its gold deposits, despite the fact that gold was never found there, and only further south in Akjoujt and south of the Niger River. Historic maps show a river running from the center of Africa to the Atlantic Ocean, newer maps show a shorter river which ends in a wadi named Megeta Mersug. In 1886, a Spanish expedition searched for this river, but did not find it.
Platform shoe

**Platform shoes** are shoes that have extremely dense soles. They are often made out of plastics, rubber or cork. Platform shoes were first worn during the Ancient era. They are known to add height to whoever is wearing them. The shoes are oftentimes worn to avoid coming in contact with urban street filth, grime and muck. These shoes were very popular between the 1930s and the 1980s in the United States, Europe and the United Kingdom. They were worn mostly by girls or young women, although middle-aged or elderly women sometimes wear the shoes. Comfort platforms were invented during the disco music era, and would be designed to mix added heights and sneaker style or orthotic comforts. The fad eventually fizzled out during the late 1980s and early 1990s, though by then people of all ages, particularly girls and young to middle-aged women, wore the shoes.

**1930's**
Moshe Kimel introduced the modern platform shoe in the 30's for actress Marlene Dietrich. This started a fad among the elite and well to do. The growing popularity of the shoe sparked several well known copies such as "the rainbow" by Salvatore Ferragamo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvatore_Ferragamo. At this time the shoes were typically made with cork due to the production material changes many had to face during World War II. As many trends do this one slowly disappeared from the main stream media, and didn't reaper till the late 60's.

**1970's-1980's**
Carole Basetta was the well known designer producing shoes for famous artists such as David Bowie https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bowie. This time it was not just a feminine fashion statement but men also wore platforms as well because platforms started coming in different forms like boots, trainers, and sandals. Tony Randell wore clear platforms with goldfish in the heals on a tv show and again these shoes appeared in Starsky and Hutch https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starsky_%26_Hutch. In the 80's brands popularized the comfort platform which was meant for everyday use.

**Late 90's early 2000's**
While introduced in the early 90's platforms didn't pick up in mainstream fashion till the late 90's. This may be due to Naomi Campbell's runway fall in 1993 while wearing Vivienne Westwood's platform heels. After the 90's platforms did not pick up again till around 2003-2004 when YSL made a tribute sandal to commemorate the 70's shoe style. Many celebrities' liked this design for the added sex appeal.

**2010-2020**
This era of platform shoe was more popular with the platform boot style. Some of the more well known brands are Demonia, Bordello, and Dolls kill. With the rise of E-girl as a subculture in 2019 the sale of gothic style platform boots have gone up. During the 2010 era clear shoes wear also popularized by Kim Kardashian West. These clear platform shoes allow to put trinkets in your shoe ranging from flowers, kids toys, and plastic fish to Halloween decorations, spiders, and baby doll heads.
Gown

A **gown** is a type of clothing usually worn by women. There are different kinds of gowns. Some are worn on formal occasions such as marriages. Some are worn in hospitals. Some are worn to sleep in.
Mary Jane (shoe)

**Mary Janes** are low-cut, rounded-toed shoes that are worn almost entirely by girls or women. They are usually low or mid heeled, though there are some that are high heeled. The shoes have one thin strap over the instep of the foot. They are made almost exclusively of leather. These shoes are worn at school, in church or during work (for certain places), and with skirts, dresses and certain types of pants.

Classic Mary Jane shoes is for the of the punk rock, psychobilly, and goth subculture and the kinderwhore and Lolita fashion and the with and religious, birthday parties, visits and the with and schoolgirl style or  the School uniform and the with a Velcro
Nature (journal)

***Nature*** is a scientific journal.  It was first published on 4 November 1869. It is the world's most cited  scientific journal.  That means that, when scientists write formal reports of their experiments, they list all the earlier studies that they read in their reference section.  They list studies from _Nature_ in their reference sections more than studies from any other journal. It is also the longest continuously published scientific weekly.

Most scientific journals are now specific to just one kind of science, for example only biochemistry or only mining science. _Nature_ is one of the few journals which still publish original research articles across the whole range of science. Important new advances and original scientific research is published as articles or letters in _Nature_. _Nature_ also prints surveys and reviews of important research fields.

Research scientists are the primary audience for the journal, but ordinary people read it as well. Because of this, articles are written and edited to make them understandable to scientists in other fields and any educated person.

In the first pages of each issue are editorials, news and feature articles on issues of general interest to scientist. Topics include current affairs, science funding, business, scientific ethics and research breakthroughs. There are also sections on books and arts. Because of limits on the length of articles, often the printed text is a summary of the work in question. Details may be put in _supplementary material_ on the journal's website.

Nature has spun off a series of more specialised journals which publish longer, more technical articles which would be unsuitable for Nature's wider readership.
Kramer vs. Kramer

***Kramer vs. Kramer*** is a 1979 American drama movie. It was written and directed by Robert Benton. It is based on a novel by Avery Corman. It stars Dustin Hoffman and Meryl Streep as New York City married couple Ted and Joanna Kramer. She leaves him and their son; the couple divorce. Fifteen months later, she decides she wants custody of the child, taking Ted to court.
Kozhikode

**Kozhikode (कोझिकोड, കോഴിക്കോട്)**, also known as **Calicut**, is a city in the state of Kerala in southern India. Kozhikode is the third largest city in Kerala. It is part of the second largest urban agglomeration in Kerala with a metropolitan population of 2,030,519 as per 2011 census. The city lies about  north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram.
Jerzy Nowak

**Jerzy Nowak** (June 20, 1923 – March 26, 2013) was a Polish actor and teacher. He was known for his roles as a Jewish investor in _Schindler's List_, as a "bumpkin farmer" in _Three Colors: White_, and as the great creative Zucker in _The Promised Land_.

Nowak was born on June 20, 1923 in Brzesko, Poland. He was raised in Kraków, Poland. Nowak studied at the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts.

He was married two times. He was married to his second wife, Maria Andruszkiewicz-Smith, from 1989 until his death in 2013. He had no children.

Nowak died on March 26, 2013 in Warsaw, Poland from natural causes, aged 89.
Curse of Tippecanoe

The name **Curse of Tippecanoe** (also known as **Tecumseh's Curse**, the **Presidential Curse**, **Zero-Year Curse**, the **Twenty-Year Curse**, or the **Twenty-Year Presidential Jinx**) is used to describe the death of Presidents of the United States in office while elected or re-elected in a year ending in "0".

The "curse" began when President William Henry Harrison (elected in 1840) died in office from pneumonia just one month after becoming President.  According to a folk tale, the "curse" happened because then-General Harrison had fought on Native American grounds during the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe.  The battle was famous, and "Old Tippecanoe" became Harrison's nickname.  But the battle made the Native Americans so angry that they cursed his name.

The last President included in this "curse" to die was John F. Kennedy.  He was elected in 1960 and assassinated in 1963.  Two later Presidents elected in "0" years: Ronald Reagan (1980), survived an assassination attempt, George W. Bush (2000), who also survived an assassination attempt, and Joe Biden (2020), who faced no significant assassination attempts.

## Presidents

The following Presidents were part of the "curse":

- William Henry Harrison (1841) (Pneumonia)
- Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865, second term) (Assassinated)
- James A. Garfield (1881) (Assassinated)
- William McKinley (1897-1901, second term) (Assassinated)
- Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) (Pneumonia)
- Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945, fourth term) (Brain hemorrhage)
- John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) (Assassinated)

The only president who died in office without being elected in a "cursed" year was Zachary Taylor, who was elected in 1848 and died in 1850.

### Survivors

The most recent two Presidents elected in a "zero" year survived the "curse":

- Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) (Assassination attempt)
- George W. Bush (2001-2009) (Assassination attempt)

Many people think that the curse was broken or lifted when John Hinckley tried to kill Ronald Reagan while he left a hotel in Washington, D.C.. After Reagan survived the attack no other Presidents after him were harmed until George W. Bush was elected.

## Other websites

- The Mortal Presidency: Film and Documentary  Shapell Manuscript Foundation