juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tan (color)

**Tan** is a color that is a pale tone of brown or green tone of orange.

The first written use of _tan_ as a color name in English was in the year 1590.

The name comes from _tannum_, (oak bark) used in the tanning of leather.

## Meaning of tan

- Tan is the color of the United States Army Rangers beret as well as Canada's CSOR Canadian Special Operations Regiment and JTF2 Joint Task Force 2
- When a person sunbathes to make his or her skin darker that happens due to more melanin production, he or she is said to be _getting a tan _.

## Tones of tan color comparison chart

|Name|width=100|Color|HEX Code|Red|Green|Blue|Hue|Sat|Lum|Source|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Light Tan|style="background-color:#ecdec9"||#ECDEC9|236|222|201|36°|100 %|86%|(Tan Light (Xona.com color list))|
|Sandy Tan|style="background-color:#fdd9b5"||#FDD9B5|253|217|181|30°|28%|85%||
|Light Peru|style="background-color:#eac592"||#EAC592|234|197|146|35°|38%|75%|(Peru Light (Xona.com color list))|
|**Tan**|style="background-color:#D2B48C"||**#D2B48C**|**210**|**180**|**140**|**34°**|**33%**|**69%**|**(web color)**|
|Orange Tan|style="background-color:#faa76c"||#FAA76C|250|167|108|25°|57%|70%|(Tan (Crayola))|
|Apricot Tan|style="background-color:#e3a857"||#E3A857|227|168|87|35°|62%|62%|(Plochere)|
|Light Hawaiian Tan|style="background-color:#d2a560"||#D2A560|210|165|96|36°|54%|60%|(Hawaiian Tan Light (Xona.com color list))|
|Light Peru Tan|style="background-color:#c18d25"||#C18D25|193|141|37|40°|81%|45%|(Peru Tan Light (Xona.com color list))|
|Peru|style="background-color:#cd853f"||#CD853F|205|133|63|30°|69%|53%|(web color)|
|Peach Tan|style="background-color:#b4745e"||#B4745E|180|116|94|15°|48%|54%|(ISCC-NBS #39)|
|Tuscan Tan|style="background-color:#a67b5b"||#A67B5B|166|123|91|26°|45%|50%|(ISCC-NBS)|
|Windsor Tan|style="background-color:#ae6938"||#AE6938|174|105|56|25°|68%|45%|(ISCC-NBS)|
|French Tan|style="background-color:#a75502"||#A75502|167|85|2|30°|99%|33%|(Tan (Pourpre.com))|
|Hawaiian Tan|style="background-color:#9d5616"||#9D5616|157|86|22|28°|75%|35%|(Xona.com color list)|
|Dark Tan|style="background-color:#865E55"||#865E55|134|94|85|11°|37%|43%|(PerBang.dk)|
|france Tan|style="background-color:#7f3a02"||#7F3A02|127|58|2|27°|98%|25%|(Xona.com color list)|

## Related pages

- List of colors
Hoax

The word **hoax** refers to something that is not true and was created on purpose. For example, a person makes up false accusations about being victimized by other people, or an article may make things up that cause people to believe as though they are true when they are not.

Hoaxes come in all types of forms: for example, April Fools' Day tricks that are shown in a time related to April 1, then shown to be a hoax later.

## Related pages

- List of hoaxes
Daigaku-ryō

was the Imperial university of Japan from the 7th century until the end of the 19th century.

For five centuries, the _Daigaku-ryō_ was near the Suzaku Mon at southern boundary of the Imperial enclosure.

## History

In 701, the _Daigaku-ryō_ became part of the .

Prince Yamabe was head of the _Daigaku-ryō_ in 766 (_Tenpyō-jingo 2_).

On May 27, 1177 (_Angen 3, 28th day, 4th month_), a fire destroyed the building of the _Daigaku-ryō_.

## Organization

The  was responsible for the examination of students and for festivals which honor Confucius.

Other members of the staff of ''Daigaku-ryō' included:
    - .
    - .
    - .
    - .
    - -- two positions.
    - -- two positions.
    - -- two positions.
Parrotfish

**Parrotfishes** are a group of marine fishes that live in shallow tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. Previously considered to form the large family of wrasses, these fish are now thought to belong to their own family.

Their numbers are largest in the Indo-Pacific region where they are found in and around coral reefs and seagrass beds. They play an important and significant role in bioerosion. There are about 95 species of parrotfish living today. Parrotfish are very colorful. Their name comes from the parrot-like beak formed by their teeth. The buccal cavity (cheek) of the parrotfish secretes the 'sleeping sack' that the fish sleeps in overnight. It is a semi-translucent sack which completely surrounds the parrot fish. In the morning the sack is discarded. During the day you will see them on the seabed floor.

## The mucus

Some parrotfish species, including the queen parrotfish (_Scarus vetula_), secrete a mucus cocoon, particularly at night.

### Genera

- _Bolbometopon_
- _Calotomus_
- _Cetoscarus_
- _Chlorurus_
- _Cryptotomus_
- _Hipposcarus_
- _Leptoscarus_
- _Nicholsina_
- _Scarus_
- _Sparisoma_

## Related pages

- List of fish common names

## Other websites

- Parrot Fish Profile from National Geographic
- Parrot Fish Care
- Parrotfish info on Fishbase
Jishō

was a  after _Angen_ and before _Yōwa._  This period started in August 1177 and ended in July 1181.  The reigning emperors were  and .

## Events of the _Jishō_ era

- **1177** (_Jishō 1, 28th day of the 4th month_): A great fire in the capital was spread by high winds; and the palace was destroyed.

- **1178** (_Jishō 2, 12th day of the 11th month_): Emperor Takakura's consort, Taira no Tokuko, gave birth to a son who will become Emperor Antoku.

- **1180** (_Jisho 4, 21st day of the 2nd month_): Takakura abdicated.

- **1180** (_Jishō 4, 21st day of the 4th month_): In the 12th year of Takakura's reign, the emperor was forced to abdicate; and the succession (_senso_) was received by his son.

- **1180** (_Jisho 4, 22nd day of the 4th month_): The infant Emperor Antoku's accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (_sokui_).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.

- **1180** (_Jisho 4, 2nd day of the 6th month_): The court leaves Heian-kyō for Fukuhara, which is near modern-day Kōbe in Hyōgo.

- **1180** (_Jisho 4, 26th day of the 11th month_): The capital is moved back to Heian-kyō.

- **1180** (_Jisho 4_): A whirlwind causes chaos in the capital.

- **30 January 1181** (_Jisho 5, 14th day of the 1st month_): Takakura died.

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Jishō|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1177|1178|1179|1180|1181|
Ariodante

***Ariodante*** is an opera seria in three acts with music by George Frideric Handel. The libretto was based on parts of Ludovico Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_. Handel put some ballet music in the opera for the famous dancer Marie Sallé.

The opera was first performed in the Covent Garden Theatre, London, on 8 January 1735. It opened Handel's first season at Covent Garden. It was a great success. It was performed 11 times during its premiere season.

It eventually was forgotten. The score was published in the early 1960s. In the 1970s, the work was revived. It is thought to be one of Handel's best operas.

## Roles

- Ariodante, _a vassal prince_ - mezzo-soprano castrato
- Ginevra, _daughter of the King of Scotland, betrothed to Ariodante_ - soprano
- Dalinda, _attendant on Ginevra, secretly in love with Polinesso _ - soprano
- Polinesso, _Duke of Albany_ - alto
- Lurcanio, _Ariodante's brother_ - tenor
- King of Scotland - bass
- Odoardo, _favorite of the king_ - tenor

## Story

Ginevra is engaged to Ariodante. Polinesso is in love with her. He uses Dalinda to trick Ariodante. She tells Ariodante that Ginevra is Polinesso's lover. The King disowns Ginevra. Ariodante is reported to have killed himself. Polinesso then sends his agents to kill Dalinda because she was the only witness to his plot. Ariodante is alive. He drives off the assassins. Polinesso eants to win the King’s favour. He offers to defend Ginevra's honour in a tournament. He is wounded by Lurcanio. Ariodante has learned about Polinesso’s plot from Dalinda. He now appears. He offers himself as Ginevra’s champion. Polinesso confesses his guilt and dies. Ginevra is pardoned by the King.

## References

- The second of the two-volume definitive reference on the operas of Handel.

## Other websites

- Score  of _Ariodante_ (ed. Friedrich Chrysander, Leipzig 1881)
- San Diego OperaTalk! with Nick Reveles: Handel's _Ariodante_
- Italian libretto online

## Infobox (opera)

- **name**: Ariodante
- **image**: Haendel.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Handel in 1733
- **genre**: Opera seria in 3 acts
- **composer**: George Frideric Handel
- **librettist**: Riccardo Broschi
- **language**: Italian
- **premiere location**: Covent Garden
London, England
8 January 1735
The Phantom of the Opera (1925 movie)

***The Phantom of the Opera*** (1925) is a silent horror movie. It is based on a novel of the same name by Gaston Leroux. The movie was directed by Rupert Julian. It stars Lon Chaney as the Phantom and Mary Philbin as his love, Christine. The movie is famous for Chaney's horrific, self-applied make-up.

## Plot

The story is about a disfigured man named Erik who haunts the Paris Opera. He wants the managers to make the woman he loves, named Christine, a star. In order to do this, he terrorizes everyone by doing things such as dropping a chandelier and wearing a scary disguise in the middle of a large party.  When he learns that Christine is in love with a man named Raoul, he kidnaps her. Raoul eventually rescues her, and a group of angry people chase the Phantom until he falls into the Seine river.

## Cast

- Lon Chaney as Erik, The Phantom of the Opera
- Mary Philbin as Christine
- Norman Kerry as Raoul
- Arthur Edmund Carewe as Ledoux

## Critical reception and legacy

The movie was a great success. The critics liked it. Executives at Universal Pictures were pleased. They put a string of horror movies into production. These movies included Bela Lugosi's _Dracula_ and Boris Karloff's _Frankenstein_. _Phantom_ was chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

Two major versions of the film survive today. The original film (today) comes from bad quality "show at home" film prints which are entirely black and white. The more common version is a 1929 silent version using different takes and camera angles. The 1929 silent version exists because of a lost 1929 sound version in which new scenes were shot in sound.
Hanwha Eagles

**Hanwha Eagles** () is one of ten Korean professional baseball teams. The Hanwha Eagles use Han bat stadium () and Cheong Ju stadium () as their home stadia. The Hanwha Eagles won the Korean Series Champions title in 1999.
Gidget

***Gidget*** is a 1959 American romantic comedy teen movie about living in California. It is about a teenage girl who goes surfing. She has a romance with a young surfer.

The movie stars Sandra Dee, Cliff Robertson, and pop singer James Darren. The movie was based on a novel by Frederick Kohner titled _Gidget, the Little Girl with Big Ideas_. The movie was directed by Paul Wendkos.

## Legacy

_Gidget_ was the first beach party" movie.  It was followed by two sequel movies, various television series, several made-for-TV movies, and the parody _Psycho Beach Party_.

_Gidget_ is credited by numerous sources, including a documentary movie by Stacy Peralta,  as being the single main influence to bring surfing and the surfing subculture into the American mainstream.

The movie received a 1960 Golden Laurel Award nomination for Top Female Comedy Performance for actress Sandra Dee.

## Other websites

- _Gidget_ at the American Film Institute Catalog

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Gidget
- **caption**: 1959 Theatrical Poster
- **director**: Paul Wendkos
- **producer**: Lewis J. Rachmil
- **screenplay**: Gabrielle Upton
- **starring**: Sandra Dee
James Darren
Cliff Robertson
- **music**: Theme:
 Fred Karger (music)
Patti Washington (lyrics)
- **cinematography**: Burnett Guffey, ASC
- **editing**: William A. Lyon
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **runtime**: 95 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **gross**: $1.5 million (est. US /Canada rentals)
E-Artsup

**E-Artsup** is a French private graduate school. It teaches things to do with digital creativity and multimedia. It was founded in 2001.

The school has four courses, communication, concept, motion design, interaction design and game design, and delivers a degree recognized by French State.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: E-Artsup
- **image**: E-artsup Toulouse.jpg
- **motto**: _The graduate school for digital creativity_
- **president**: Nicolas Becqueret
- **type**: Private
- **established**: 2001
- **city**: Paris, Bordeaux, Lyon, Montpellier, Nantes, Lille, Toulouse
- **country**: France
- **students**: 800
- **affiliations**: IONIS Education Group
- **website**: http://www.e-artsup.net/
Sekiji Sasano

was a Japanese football player.

## Biography

Sasano played for Waseda University. He won 1938 Emperor's Cup with Shogo Kamo, Sei Fuwa, Kunitaka Sueoka, Hidetoki Takahashi and so on. He also played for Waseda WMW which was consisted of his alma mater Waseda University players and graduates.

In 1936, Sasano was selected the Japan national team for 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, but he did not play in the match. At this competition, Japan completed a come-from-behind victory first game against Sweden. The first victory in Olympics for the Japan and the historic victory over one of the powerhouses became later known as "Miracle of Berlin" (ベルリンの奇跡) in Japan. In 2016, this team was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

## Other websites

- Japan Football Hall of Fame (Japan team at 1936 Olympics) at Japan Football Association

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Sekiji Sasano
- **fullname**: Sekiji Sasano
- **birth place**: Shizuoka Prefecture, Shizuoka, Japan
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthclubs1**: Fujieda Higashi High School, Shida High School
- **youthclubs2**: Waseda University
- **clubs1**: Waseda WMW
Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action

**** (**ISEFAC**) is a French private business school. It was founded in 2000.

The school has two courses, communication and business/marketing., and delivers a degree recognized by French State.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action
- **motto**: _Choose your job, we provide you the training_
- **president**: Siham Ben Salem
- **type**: Private
- **established**: 2000
- **city**: Paris, Lille, Nice, Bordeaux, Lyon, Montpellier, Nantes, Brussels
- **country**: France, Belgium
- **affiliations**: IONIS Education Group
- **website**: http://www.isefac-bachelor.fr/
Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring

"**Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring**" is a popular piece of choral music. It was composed by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is the 10th movement of the cantata _Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben_. It was written during Bach's first year in Leipzig, Germany. Bach did not compose the melody. That was written by Johann Schop. Bach only harmonized and orchestrated Schop's melody. A transcription of "Jesu" was made by the English pianist Myra Hess (1890–1965), It was published in 1926 for piano solo. In 1934 the Hess version was adapted for piano duet. British organist Peter Hurford made a transcription of "Jesu" for organ. Today, Bach's piece is often performed at weddings and funerals. Bach wrote the piece for voices with trumpet, oboes, strings, and continuo.  "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring" is one of Bach's most enduring pieces of music.
Puzzle Pirates

***Yohoho! Puzzle Pirates*** is a Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game. It is developed by Three Rings Design. In this game, the player plays a role of a pirate. The player sails the ocean, plays different puzzles and earn PoE (Pieces of Eights).

Anyone over 13 years of age can play _Puzzle Pirates_. Pirates can join a crew, which in turn joins a flag. The flags forms alliances and blockade islands.

The game encourages players to use pirate-themed words like "Ahoy", "Yarr!", "Shiver me Timbers", etc. As of December 2008, there are 4 million pirates registered to the game. On August 31, 2011, the game was made free-to-play on Steam.
Sonny Bono

**Sonny Bono** (February 16, 1935 – January 5, 1998) was a recording artist, a producer, singer-songwriter, actor and politician. He was married to Cher between 1964 and 1975, during which time they formed the duo Sonny & Cher. Together, they had numerous hit records and singles. They had several children, including Chastity Bono (who would later be renamed Chaz Bono). Sonny was killed in a skiing accident.

## Film

Bono appeared in the films such as _Airplane II: The Sequel_ (1982) and _Troll_ (1986).

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **genre**: Pop
Rock
- **years active**: 1963–1995
- **instruments**: Vocals
- **associated acts**: Cher
Sonny & Cher
- **background**: solo_singer


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sonny Bono
- **image**: Sonny Bono.jpg
- **state**: California
- **term start**: January 3, 1995
- **term end**: January 5, 1998
- **predecessor**: Al McCandless
- **successor**: Mary Bono
- **office1**: 16th List of mayors of Palm Springs, California, Mayor of Palm Springs
- **term start1**: April 1988
- **term end1**: April 1992
- **predecessor1**: Frank Bogert
- **successor1**: Lloyd Maryanov
- **birth name**: Salvatore Phillip Bono
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
- **death place**: Stateline, Nevada, U.S.
- **death cause**: Skiing accident
- **restingplace**: Desert Memorial Park
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 4, including Chaz Bono, Chaz


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **background**: solo_singer
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, rock music, rock
- **occupation**: Singing, Singer, musician, songwriter, record producer, producer, actor
- **years active**: 1963–1995
- **associated acts**: Cher, Sonny & Cher
Ghatkopar

**Ghatkopar** is a suburb in Mumbai. It comes under the 'N-Ward' of Mumbai municipality.

## Post offices

There are four postal codes connected to Ghatkopar.
- 400077 for Ghatkopar (East)
- 400084 [Bhatwadi] and 400086 for Ghatkopar (West), and Amrut Nagar
- 400075 for Pant Nagar
The post office of Ghatkopar East is in Rajawadi. The post procedure v I  for Ghatkopar West is near the Railway Station.mr

## Education

- Garodia International School
- Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala College
- S.P.N.Doshi Women's College
Over the Rainbow

**"Over the Rainbow"** is a song from the movie _The Wizard of Oz_. It was composed by Harold Arlen and the lyrics were written by E.Y. Harburg. Judy Garland sang the song in the movie. Over time it would become her signature song. The song won an Academy Award. The song is also known as **"Somewhere Over the Rainbow"**.

About five minutes into the movie, Judy Garland (as Dorothy Gale) sings "Over the Rainbow". She is trying to get her aunt and uncle to listen to her story about an incident involving her dog, Toto. Dorothy's Aunt Em tells her to "find yourself a place where you won't get into any trouble". Dorothy walks off with Toto. She says to the dog, "Someplace where there isn't any trouble. Do you suppose there is such a place, Toto? There must be. It's not a place you can get to by a boat, or a train. It's far, far away. Behind the moon, beyond the rain." She begins to sing the song.

MGM executives thought the song "slowed down the picture". They said it did not sound like a song a little girl would sing in a barnyard. They wanted to cut it from the movie. Other people wanted the song to be kept in the movie. The executives changed their minds and the song was kept.

"Over the Rainbow" was going to be sung again by Garland in the scene where she is locked in the witch's room and watches the hourglass. She weeps through the song, and ends with "I'm frightened, Auntie Em! I'm frightened!". The song was cut from the scene. The "I'm frightened" cry was kept in the movie.

The song is number one on the "Songs of the Century" list compiled by the Recording Industry Association of America and the National Endowment for the Arts. The American Film Institute has ranked "Over the Rainbow" as the greatest movie song of all time on the list of "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs". American troops in Europe in World War II adopted the song as a symbol of the United States. Garland performed the song for American troops as part of a 1943 command performance.

Hawaiian singer Israel Kamakawiwoʻole (1959–1997) recorded a version of "Over the Rainbow" in 1988. It was released in 1993.
Runaway (movie)

***Runaway*** is a science fiction and action movie released near Christmas 1984, starring Kirstie Alley and Tom Selleck. Alley plays former lover for a villain named Luther. Selleck plays a police officer whose son is eventually kidnapped by the villain. The movie tells of complex technology gone wrong when permitted to dominate the lives of everybody. Also acting in the movie is Gene Simmons from KISS. The movie was planned as a major science fiction draw, although it was overshadowed by a low budget movie called _The Terminator_, which was directed by then-not well known James Cameron.
Orphans of the Storm

***Orphans of the Storm***  is a 1921 silent movie. It was directed by D. W. Griffith. It stars sisters Dorothy and Lillian Gish. The movie is about two sisters (one blind) who are separated during the turmoil of the French Revolution. They are reunited after much tribulation.

Griffith used historical events to comment on contemporary events. In this case, he used the French Revolution to comment upon the rise of Bolshevism. The movie is about class conflict. It speaks for inter-class understanding and against destructive hatred. This was the last Griffith movie to star the Gish sisters. It is often thought to be Griffith's last big moneymaker.  The movie is a remake of the lost _The Two Orphans_ (1915) starring Theda Bara.
Little House in the Big Woods

***Little House in the Big Woods*** is a children's novel. It was written by Laura Ingalls Wilder. It was published in 1932. It is the first book in Wilder's Little House series. The book and the series are based on Wilder's memories of growing up near Pepin, Wisconsin in the 19th century.
Kuroshio, Kōchi

is a Japanese town in Kōchi Prefecture on the Pacific coastline of the island of Shikoku.

## History

In 2006, the towns of Ōgata and Saga joined together to become the new town, Kuroshio.

## Other websites

- Kuroshio town website

## Infobox (city japan)

- **name**: Kuroshio
- **japanesename**: 黒潮町
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Kuroshio town-office.jpg
- **image caption**: Kuroshio Town Office
- **image flag**: Flag of Kuroshio Kochi.svg
- **image symbol**: Emblem of Kuroshio, Kochi.svg
- **image map**: Kuroshio in Kochi Prefecture Ja.svg
- **region**: Shikoku
- **prefecture**: Kōchi Prefecture
- **district**: Hata District, Kōchi, Hata
- **area km2**: 188.38
- **population**: 11,559
- **population as of**: March 31, 2017
- **density km2**: auto
Moutiers-au-Perche

**Moutiers-au-Perche** is a commune in the Orne département, lower Normandy. This is a village in the province of Perche. There are 525 people. The surface is . The altitude is .

It was a monastery created by Saint Laurent in the sixth century.
There is a Château de Guilbault built at the time of the Directoire. There is a park with an old bridge also.
There is a Roman style church of Notre-Dame-Du-Mont-Harou with a mural painting and a wooden statue.
Gacé

**Gacé** is a commune. It is in the region of Normandy in the Orne department in the northwest of France. There are 2,192 people living there in 2012. It was at first, a Gallic city named _*Vassiākon_. The Castle of Gacé was built in the 11th century. The English captured the castle in 1417.

The city had important economic activity in the beginning of 19th century. It's a industrial and agricultural town.

There is the Museum of **Lady of the Camellias**.
Fontenai-Les-Louvets

**Fontenai-les-Louvets** is a former commune of Orne in Normandy, France. There are 205 people living there. it covers . On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune L'Orée-d'Écouves.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Fontenai-les-Louvets
- **arrondissement**: Arrondissement of Alençon, Alençon
- **canton**: Canton of Carrouges, Carrouges
- **insee**: 61172
- **postal code**: 61420
- **mayor**: Guy Babin
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de communes de la Vallée du Sarthon
- **elevation m**: 304
- **elevation min m**: 257
- **elevation max m**: 413
- **area km2**: 18.77
- **population**: 244
- **population date**: 2006
Mortrée

**Mortrée** is a village in Normandy, in the Orne department. It covers . It is at  above sea level. There are 1042 people living there in 2012.

The famous Normand family named "d'O" lived here. It became famous in the first crusade. The Marquis d'O (died in 1594) was finance minister and he was the favourite of Henry III of France.

On 1 January 2019, the former commune Saint-Hilaire-la-Gérard was merged into Mortrée.

## Historic Sites

There is a church "Saints-Pierre-et-Paul" () and another one called "Méhéran".

The Chateau d'Ô is also there.The chateau d'Ô is made up of two parts joined by a gallery. The entrance building that shows a Gothic flamboyant style, was built at the beginning of the 16th century.It is very unique because of the distinguished mix of stones and bricks on these small towers.There are sculptures on the entrance front. The gallery was built at the same time from Italian inspiration. The west building, was finished in the 17th century.

## References

Gérard Bourdin, Jean-Marie Foubert, Jean-Pascal Foucher. (2012) L'Orne, des territoires, une histoire. Alençon : Conseil général de l'Orne.
Carrouges

**Carrouges** is a commune in the French _departement_ of the Orne. There are 787 peoples living there in 2012.

The town is well-known because of its castle built in the 16th century, with red bricks. Many expositions and other activities are organized. There is a 19th-century church. Hunting and fishing are the favourite activities of the inhabitants.
Kavadikaranoor

**Kavadikaranoor** (; also spelt as **Kavadikaranur**) is a village in Salem district  in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is the largest village in Thangayur panchayat. The village is spread over an area of 12.35 km<sup>2</sup>. The economy of the village revolves around agriculture, truck and heavy truck transports.

Kavadikaranoor has an average elevation of . It is at the east basin of the hill called _Sooriya malai_ (Mountain of Sun). This mountain doesn't have any plants due to its rocky and unusual properties. The research done geologists shows it consists of rare radioactive minerals. A number of stone quarrying companies have been here for more than 30 years. A lake is located in the north-eastern part of the village and irrigation spreads to nearby areas.

Vishnu is the god worshipped most in the village. The main temple is Sri Paali Perumal. Main festival seasons are October and April. On the 4th Saturday of each month more than 20,000 thousand people worship here from various parts of the district.

The people are mostly Gounders. Other minority peoples are also present in small numbers. All the people are peacefully co-existing and living in harmony. It has a population of 1812 as of the 2001 India census. Males constitute 70% of the population and females 63% and an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%.
Sport in Japan

**Sports in Japan** are a part of Japanese culture. Japan has many traditional sports such as sumo, judo, karate, and kendo. Also, there are sports which were imported from the West such as baseball, soccer, golf and skiing. Sports are popular with both participants and onlookers.

## History

Some traditional sports like _yabusame_ have ancient histories.

In the Meiji period, sports which were imported from the West became popular.
- Baseball was first played at Waseda University in Tokyo in 1890.
- Golf was imported from England; and the first golf course was created in Kobe in 1903.
- Gymnastics was encouraged in schools as early as 1872.

- Rugby teams were created at Keiō University in Tokyo in 1899.
- Soccer was first played in 1878.
- Swimming competition was first held at the Yokohama Amateur Rowing Club in 1898.
- Tennis became popular in 1878.
- Track and field competition began in 1883 at the University of Tokyo.
- Volleyball was imported from the US in 1914.
- Weightlifting was made popular by Jigoro Kano in 1922.

Another popular spectator sport is professional wrestling, locally known as _puroresu_ (プロレス). While the sport was known in Japan before World War II, it did not become widely popular until the rise of Rikidōzan, considered the "father" of puroresu, in the 1950s. While similar to professional wrestling in the rest of the world in that winners are decided before the match, puroresu has become a unique style. Most match storylines play up the wrestlers' "fighting spirit". Also, because many Japanese wrestlers have martial arts backgrounds, most strikes during matches make full contact. Puroresu also enjoys close ties to mixed martial arts, with some companies often holding wrestling matches and MMA fights in the same event; because of this, both wrestlers and fans treat puroresu as a combat sport.

At first, Western sports were valued as a form of mental discipline, but they have become recreational activities.

Notable athletes, sports clubs, sports schools and training clinics played an important part in spreading sports in Japan.

In Japan, sports groups are an important part of school life. The time spent in these groups allows students to adjust to Japan's vertical society.  For example, in sports, players learn to use _keigo_ (formal, polite speech), respect and traditions.

### Olympic games

The 1940 Summer Olympics and the 1940 Winter Olympics were planned for Japan, but the organizers withdrew in 1938 because of the Second Sino-Japanese War.  These games were later cancelled because of World War II.

Japan did host the Olympic games four times.
- 1964 Summer Olympics
- 1972 Winter Olympics
- 1998 Winter Olympics
- 2020 Summer Olympics

## Related pages

- Aikido
- Judo
- Jujutsu
- Karate
- Kendo
- Sumo
- Kyūdō

## Other websites

- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) website

The Japanese translation of this book is available at: https://la84.org/wp-content/uploads/LA84WaterPolo_J-1.pdf
Spencer Fox

**Spencer Fox** (born May 10, 1993) is an American musician, singer and actor. He is best known as the voice of Dash Parr in _The Incredibles_ and was the original voice of Mudbud in _Air Buddies_. He is also the guitarist and vocalist of the power pop band Charly Bliss.

### Film

|Year|Film|Role|class = "unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2004|_The Incredibles_|Dash Parr|(voice)||
|2006|_The Groomsmen_|Jack|||
|2006|_Air Buddies_|Mudbud|(voice)||
|2007|_Neal Cassady_|Mickey Mature|||
|2011|_Light_|Spencer|||

### Television

|Year|Television|Role|class = "unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2007|_Kim Possible_|Tim Possible, Jim Possible (voice)|Season 4||
|2009|_Cupid_|Music Geek|Episode: "Left of the Dial"||

### Video games

|Year|Video Game|Voice|class = "unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2004|_The Incredibles_|Dash Parr|(voice)||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **background**: solo_singer
- **name**: Spencer Fox
- **image**: Charly Bliss (42484003341).jpg
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, USA
- **occupation**: Musician, singer, actor
- **years active**: 2004–present
Tucker Albrizzi

**Tucker Albrizzi** (born February 25, 2000) is an American actor, voice artist and comedian. He is best known for his current role as Tyler on _Big Time Rush_ and Jake on _Good Luck Charlie_. He is also the new voice of Budderball in the _Air Buddies_ series.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tucker Albrizzi
- **image**: Tucker Albrizzi.jpg
- **caption**: Albrizzi in 2008
- **birth place**: Palm Harbor, Florida, USA
- **nationality**: American
- **alias**: Tucker Albrizi
- **occupation**: Actor, voice artist, comedian, former child actor
- **years active**: 2009–present
- **parents**: Keith Albrizzi (father)
Claudine Andrews (mother)
- **website**: http://www.tuckeralbrizzi.com/
Yōwa

was a  after _Jishō_ and before _Juei._  This period started in July 1181 and ended in May 1182.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Yōwa_ era

- **1181** (_Yōwa 1, 25th day of the 11th month_): The wife of the late Emperor Takakura adopted the name of Kenreimon-in.

- **1181** (_Yōwa 1_): A famine that lasts for two years blights this era.

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Yōwa|1st|2nd|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1181|1182|
Kanpyō (era)

, also romanized as **Kampyō** was a  after _Ninna_ and before _Shōtai._  This period started in April 889 and ended in April 898.  The reigning emperors were  and .

## Events of the _Kanpyō_ era

- **889** (_Kanpyō 1, 10th month_):  Former-Emperor Yōzei suffered a period of acute mental illness.
- **4 August 897** (_Kanpyō 9, 3rd day of the 7th month_):  In the 10th year of Uda's reign, the emperor abdicated; and his eldest son received the succession (_senso_).
- **6 August 897** (_Kanpyō 9, 5th day of the 7th month_): Emperor Daigo accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (_sokui_).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Kanpyō|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|8th|9th|10th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||889|890|891|892|893|894|895|896|897|898|
Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner

**Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner** (13 December 1780 in Hof – 24 March 1849 in Jena) was a German chemist. He is best known for the development of the so-called Döbereiner's lamp. This is one of the first lighters.

Döbereiner was a professor for chemistry, pharmacy and technology at the university of Jena. He was a friend of the German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

He also studied oxidations of chemical elements. In 1832, he could oxidate  (sulfur dioxide) to  (sulfur trioxide).
Khabab

**Khabab** (, Syriac: ܟܚܐܒܐܒ, ) is a town in southern Syria. It is about 57 kilometres (about 36 miles) south of Damascus and about the same distance away from the city of Daraa.

## Sources

- Khabab.net
- Khabab town site
The Birth of a Nation

***The Birth of a Nation*** is a 1915 silent drama movie. It is a white supremacist film.

It was directed by D. W. Griffith and stars Lillian Gish. It was based on the book _The Clansman_ by Thomas Dixon, Jr.

## The movie

The movie is about two families during the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era. The Northern Stoneman family is pro-Union. The Southern Cameron family is pro-Confederacy. The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth is dramatized.

## Popular success

The movie was a great success. It is a landmark of film history. It was very controversial though. It showed African-American men (played by European-Americans actors in blackface) as stupid and sexually aggressive towards European-Americans women. It also showed the Ku Klux Klan as a heroic force.

## Impact

As a result, there were protests. The movie was banned in several cities. The outcry of racism was great. Screenings were often followed by riots and attacks.

The movie is also credited in part with the formation of the "second era" Ku Klux Klan the same year. _The Birth of a Nation_ was used as a recruiting tool for the KKK.  In 1915, it was the first movie to be shown at the White House, by Democrat Woodrow Wilson.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Birth of a Nation
- **image**: Birth of a Nation theatrical poster.jpg
- **caption**: Movie poster
- **director**: D. W. Griffith
- **producer**: D. W. Griffith,  Harry Aitken
- **writer**: D. W. Griffith, Thomas Dixon, Jr., T. F. Dixon, Jr.
Frank E. Woods
- **starring**: Lillian Gish
Mae Marsh
Henry B. Walthall
Miriam Cooper
Ralph Lewis (actor), Ralph Lewis
George Siegmann
- **music**: Joseph Carl Breil
- **cinematography**: Billy Bitzer, G.W. Bitzer
- **editing**: D. W. Griffith
- **studio**: D. W. Griffith, David W. Griffith Corp.
- **distributor**: Epoch Producing Co.
- **runtime**: 190 minutes (at 16 frame/s)
- **country**: United States
- **language**: Silent film
English intertitles
Micula (surname)

**Micula** (, _Mîḵulāh_) is a surname of Ashkenazi Jewish origin. It is most popular in Eastern Europe.

The name dates back to the 11th century, many Jews moved to East Europe to avoid persecution. In some countries the name is written as _Mikula_, because of the Slavic influence.

People with the surname _Micula_ can be found in Poland, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, Israel, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Ukraine and Moldova.
Lose Control (Let Me Down)

"**Lose Control (Let Me Down)**" is a song by Keri Hilson and Nelly.  The song contains two parts: the first three minutes and thirty-three seconds being "Lose Control", featuring a rap from Nelly, and the last one minute and thirty-two seconds being "Let Me Down", a solo song by Hilson. "Lose Control" was produced by StarGate. The producer for "Let Me Down" is unknown. The song was only available as a radio single.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Lose Control (Let Me Down)
- **artist**: Keri Hilson featuring Nelly
- **album**: No Boys Allowed
- **released**: <small>(airplay)</small>
- **studio**: Roc The Mic Studios
(New York City)
- **length**: 4:49 <small>(album version)</small>
- **label**: Interscope Records, Interscope
- **writer**: * Stargate (production team), Mikkel Eriksen
* Stargate (production team), Tor Hermansen
* Ester Dean
* Nelly, Cornell Haynes
- **producer**: Stargate (production team), StarGate
- **chronology**: Keri Hilson singles
- **prev title**: One Night Stand (Keri Hilson song) , One Night Stand
- **prev year**: 2011
A Daughter of the Congo

***A Daughter of the Congo*** is a 1930 silent movie. It is a race movie. It was completely produced by blacks and intended for a black audience. It was written, directed, and produced by Oscar Micheaux. The movie is based on Henry Francis Downing's novel _The American Cavalryman_ (1917). _A Daughter of the Congo_ is presumed to be a lost film.

The movie stars Katherine Noisette as Lupelta, a mixed race Congolese girl. She is abducted by Arab slave traders. She is rescued by an African American military battalion. She is taken to a mission school. She becomes acquainted with Western-style civilization. She never completely loses touch with the tribal customs and influences that shaped her early years.

_A Daughter of the Congo_ was Micheaux's last silent movie. Silent movies were considered to have little money-making value in 1930. Micheaux released the movie as a “talking, singing, dancing picture”. It only contained a single short sound sequence that included a performance of the song “That Gets It”.

Theophilus Lewis of the _Amsterdam News_ wrote a harsh review: "The scene is laid in a not so mythical republic in Africa. Half of the characters wear European clothes and are supposed to be civilized, while the other half wear their birthday suits and some feathers and are supposed to be savages. All the noble characters are high yellows; all the ignoble ones are black. It is based on a false assumption that has no connection with the realities of life."

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: A Daughter of the Congo
- **image**: Oscar Micheaux.jpg
- **caption**: Oscar Micheaux
- **director**: Oscar Micheaux
- **producer**: Oscar Micheaux
- **writer**: Oscar Micheaux
- **starring**: Katherine Noisette
Lorenzo Tucker
- **released**: 1930
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
The Blood of Jesus

***The Blood of Jesus*** (1941) is a race movie.  It was written, directed, and starring Spencer Williams. It was also released as ***The Glory Road***. The movie was produced in Texas. Its budget was US$5,000.  Scenes from a 1911 Italian movie called _L'Inferno_ were used to show souls entering Heaven. The movie was screened in black theatres and black churches. It received good reviews. In 1991 _The Blood of Jesus_ became the first race movie to be chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

## Story

A church group is holding a riverside baptismal service. One of those being immersed is the recently married Martha. At home, Martha's husband Ras accidentally shoots her when his hunting rifle discharges. The church people gather at Martha’s bedside to pray. An angel arrives to take Martha’s spirit from her body. She is brought to the Crossroads between Heaven and Hell. She is tempted by the devil's agent slick Judas Green.

Judas takes Martha to a nightclub. He arranges to have her get a job there. The angel returns and advises Martha to flee. She tries to flee. A nightclub patron mistakenly believes Martha is a pickpocket who robbed him. A chase ensues. Martha races back to the Crossroads. Satan is waiting for her. The angel protects Martha from the mob. They are driven away. The sign at the Crossroad is transformed into the vision of Jesus Christ being crucified, and Christ’s blood drips down on Martha’s face. She awakens to discover she is home. Her health is restored. Martha is reunited with her husband. He has embraced religion. The angel who took Martha on her journey returns to bless their marriage.
Spokane Chiefs

The **Spokane Chiefs** are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1985. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Spokane, Washington at the Spokane Veterans Memorial Arena. The were known as the Kelowna Wings from 1982 to 1985 until they relocated to Spokane and became the Chiefs. The Chiefs were also the first team in WHL history to host an outdoor hockey game when they defeated the Kootenay Ice 11-2 on January 15, 2011.

## Other websites

- Official website
Karuizawa, Nagano

is a Japanese town in the Kitasaku District of Nagano Prefecture.

## History

Karuizawa is on the southern slope of Mount Asama.

In the Edo period, it was a waystation on the Kisokaido road.

In the early Meiji period, the area was developed as a health resort.

It is a popular tourist spot for people from Tokyo who travel to Karuizawa to get away from the summer heat.
Tri-City Americans

The **Tri-City Americans** are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1988. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Kennewick, Washington at the Toyota Center. The team was originally known as the _Calgary Buffalos_ and later changed their name to the _Calgary Centennials_. The Centennials were active from 67 to 77 and were later relocated to Billings, Montana and became the _Billings Bighorns_. They played in Billings from 1977 to 1998 before being relocated to Nanaimo, British Columbia and were named the _Nanaimo Islanders_. The Islanders played from 1982 to 1983 before they were moved to New Westminster, British Columbia and became the _New Westminster Bruins_. They moved to the Tri-Cities in 1988.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (hockey team)

- **team**: Tri-City Americans
- **color**: background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#00285D 5px solid; border-bottom:#CE2029 5px solid;
- **color text**: #000000
- **city**: Kennewick, Washington, Kennewick, Washington
- **league**: Western Hockey League
- **conference**: Western Conference (WHL), Western
- **division**: U.S. Division, U.S.
- **founded**: -89
- **arena**: Toyota Center (Kennewick), Toyota Center
- **colors**: Navy blue, red, silver, white

- **coach**: Kelly Buchberger
- **gm**: Bob Tory
- **website**: [http://www.amshockey.com/ www.amshockey.com]
- **name1**: Calgary Buffaloes
- **dates1**: 1966–67
- **name2**: Calgary Centennials
- **dates2**: 1967–77
- **name3**: Billings Bighorns
- **dates3**: 1977–82
- **name4**: Nanaimo Islanders
- **dates4**: 1982–83
- **name5**: New Westminster Bruins
- **dates5**: 1983–88
- **name6**: Tri-City Americans
- **dates6**: 1988-_present_
Craig Venter

**John Craig Venter** (born October 14, 1946) is an American biotechnologist and entrepreneur. He was one of the first to sequence the human genome, and led the team which made the first cell with a synthetic genome (2010).

Venter founded Celera Genomics, The Institute for Genomic Research and the J. Craig Venter Institute. He now works at his Institute to create synthetic (artificial) biological organisms, and to record genetic diversity in the world's oceans. He was listed on _Time_ magazine's 2007 and 2008 Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. In 2010, the British magazine _New Statesman_ listed Craig Venter at 14th in the list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures 2010".

Venter himself recognized his own ADHD behavior in his adolescence, and later found ADHD-linked genes in his own DNA. In media interviews, Venter has several times said he is an atheist.

## References

- Venter, J. Craig 2007.  _A life decoded: my genome: my life_. New York: Viking.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Craig Venter
- **image**: Craigventer2.jpg
- **caption**: Venter in 2007
- **birth name**: John Craig Venter
- **birth place**: Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
- **alma mater**: University of California, San Diego
- **work institution**: University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, State University of New York at Buffalo
National Institutes of Health
J. Craig Venter Institute
- **known for**: DNA
Human genome
Metagenomics
Synthetic genomics
Shotgun sequencing, Shotgun approach to genome sequencing
- **awards**: Gairdner Foundation International Award, Gairdner Award <small>(2002)</small>
Nierenberg Prize <small>(2007)</small>
Kistler Prize <small>(2008)</small>
ENI award <small>(2008)</small>
National Medal of Science, Medal of Science <small>(2008)</small>
Dickson Prize <small>(2011)</small>
Leeuwenhoek Medal <small>(2015)</small>
- **website**: [http://www.jcvi.org/ J. Craig Venter Institute]