juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Kiambu County

**Kiambu County** is a county in the former Central Province of Kenya. Its capital is Kiambu and its largest town is Thika.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Kiambu County
- **subdivision type**: Counties of Kenya, County
- **image skyline**: The Fourteen Falls 02.jpg
- **image caption**: The fourteen Falls
- **image flag**: File:Kiambu County Flag.svg
- **image map**: Kiambu County in Kenya.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Kenya
- **subdivision type1**: List of sovereign states, Sovereign state
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of Kenya, Region
- **subdivision name2**: Central Province (Kenya), Central Province
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 4 March 2013
(by 2010 Constitution of Kenya)
- **established title1**: Preceded by
- **established date1**: Central Province
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Kiambu Town
- **seat1 type**: Seat of Government
- **seat1**: Thika Town
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Dr. James Nyoro
- **leader title1**: List of constituencies of Kenya, Constituencies/ Sub-counties
- **leader name2**: 12
- **leader title2**: Judiciary
- **leader name3**: Kiambu High Court
- **blank name sec1**: Senator
- **blank info sec1**: Kimani Wamatangi
- **blank1 name sec1**: Woman Member of National Assembly
- **blank1 info sec1**: Gathoni wa Muchomba
- **blank2 name sec1**: County Assembly
- **blank2 info sec1**: County Assembly of Kiambu
- **blank3 name sec1**: Speaker
- **blank3 info sec1**: Stephen Ndichu
- **parts type**: Wards
- **parts**: 60
- **area total km2**: 2,449.2
- **population as of**: 2019 census
- **population total**: 2,417,735
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: East Africa Time
- **utc offset1**: +3
Grown Ups 2

***Grown Ups 2*** is a 2013 American comedy movie directed by Dennis Dugan and co-produced by Adam Sandler. It is the sequel to the 2010 movie _Grown Ups_. The movie stars Sandler, Kevin James, Chris Rock, David Spade, Salma Hayek, Maria Bello, Maya Rudolph, and Nick Swardson.

The movie was released  on July 12, 2013, to strong negative reviews from critics. It was nominated for nine Razzies.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Grown Ups 2
- **director**: Dennis Dugan
- **cinematography**: Theo van de Sande
- **editing**: Tom Costain
- **music**: Rupert Gregson-Williams
- **distributor**: Sony Pictures Releasing
- **runtime**: 101 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $80 million
- **gross**: $247 million
Paula Hawkins (politician)

**Paula Hawkins** (née **Fickes**; January 24, 1927 – December 4, 2009) was an American politician. She is the only woman elected to the U.S. Senate from Florida. She was the second woman ever elected to the Senate from the American South. She was the first woman in the country to be elected to a full Senate term without having a close family member who was in major public office. She was in the Senate from 1981 until 1987 as a Republican.

Hawkins died on December 4, 2009 at her home in Winter Park, Florida from problems caused by a fall, aged 82.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Paula Hawkins
- **image**: Hawkins, Paula.jpg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Florida
- **term start**: January 1, 1981
- **term end**: January 3, 1987
- **predecessor**: Richard Stone (politician), Richard Stone
- **successor**: Bob Graham
- **birth name**: Paula Fickes
- **birth place**: Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Winter Park, Florida, Winter Park, Florida, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Gene Hawkins
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Utah State University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
George Smathers

**George Armistead Smathers** (November 14, 1913 – January 20, 2007) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the United States Senate from 1951 until 1969 from Florida. He was also a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1947 to 1951. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

In 1960, Smathers ran as a “Favorite Son” for President of the United States. He won the Florida Democratic primary, becoming the first Floridian popularly elected to represent Florida as a presidential candidate at a national convention. In 1968, Floridians again nominated Smathers as their Favorite Son candidate for president.

Smathers died on January 20, 2007 in Indian Creek, Florida from a stroke, aged 93.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: George Smathers
- **image**: George Smathers 1963.jpg
- **caption**: Smathers c. 1963
- **office**: Chair of the United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Senate Small Business Committee
- **term start**: January 3, 1967
- **term end**: January 3, 1969
- **predecessor**: John Sparkman
- **successor**: Alan Bible
- **office1**: Chair of the United States Senate Special Committee on Aging, Senate Aging Committee
- **term start1**: January 3, 1963
- **term end1**: January 3, 1967
- **predecessor1**: Patrick V. McNamara
- **successor1**: Harrison A. Williams
- **office2**: Democratic Conference Secretary of the United States Senate, Secretary of Senate Democratic Conference
- **leader2**: Lyndon B. Johnson
Mike Mansfield
- **term start2**: September 13, 1960
- **term end2**: January 3, 1967
- **predecessor2**: Thomas Hennings
- **successor2**: Robert Byrd
- **jr/sr3**: United States Senator
- **state3**: Florida
- **term start3**: January 3, 1951
- **term end3**: January 3, 1969
- **predecessor3**: Claude Pepper
- **successor3**: Edward Gurney
- **state4**: Florida
- **term start4**: January 3, 1947
- **term end4**: January 3, 1951
- **predecessor4**: Pat Cannon
- **successor4**: Bill Lantaff
- **birth name**: George Armistead Smathers
- **death place**: Indian Creek, Florida, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 2, including Bruce Smathers, Bruce
- **education**: University of Florida (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Bachelor of Laws, LLB)
- **serviceyears**: 1942–1945
- **battles**: World War II
The Book of Mormon (musical)

***The Book of Mormon*** is a musical comedy with music, lyrics, and book by Trey Parker, Robert Lopez, and Matt Stone. It was first shown in 2011. The play is a satire based on the beliefs and practices of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The musical ends up supporting the positive power of love and service.

The show won nine Tony Awards, including Best Musical, and a Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album.

_The Book of Mormon_ has made over $500 million, making it one of the most successful musicals of all time.
Avenue Q

***Avenue Q*** is a musical comedy that has puppets and human actors with music and lyrics by Robert Lopez and Jeff Marx and book by Jeff Whitty. It is a parody of _Sesame Street_. The show won Best Musical, Book, and Score at the 2004 Tony Awards. The show has themes of racism, homosexuality, and internet pornography. It is best known for its song "The Internet is for Porn".

The musical premiered Off-Broadway in 2003. In July of that same year the show moved to the John Golden Theatre on Broadway, where it ran until 2009, playing for over 2,500 performances.
Irina Bokova

**Irina Georgieva Bokova** (; born 12 July 1952) is a Bulgarian politician. She was the Director-General of UNESCO from 2009 until 2017. She was a member of the National parliament. She also was Bulgaria's ambassador to France and to Monaco.

She was elected a honorary member of the Academia Europaea in 2010.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Irina Bokova

- **image**: Irina Bokova UNESCO.jpg
- **order**: 10th
- **title**: Director-General of UNESCO
- **deputy**: Getachew Engida
- **term start**: 15 October 2009
- **term end**: 10 November 2017
- **predecessor**: Kōichirō Matsuura
- **successor**: Audrey Azoulay
- **office1**: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bulgaria), Minister of Foreign Affairs

- **primeminister1**: Zhan Videnov
- **term start1**: 13 November 1996
- **term end1**: 13 February 1997
- **predecessor1**: Georgi Pirinski Jr., Georgi Pirinski
- **successor1**: :bg:Стоян Сталев, Stoyan Stalev
- **birth place**: Sofia, People's Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgaria
- **spouse**: Kalin Mitrev
- **alma mater**: Moscow State Institute of International Relations, Moscow State Institute of
International Relations
- **signature**: Irina BokovaSignature.png
John Efford

**Ruben John Efford**,  (January 6, 1944 – January 2, 2022) was a Canadian Liberal politician and lawyer. He was born in Port de Grave, Newfoundland. He was a member of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly between 1985 until 2001. Efford was a member of the House of Commons between 2002 until 2006.

Efford died on January 2, 2022 at the age of 77.
Jodie Turner-Smith

**Jodie Turner-Smith** (born September 7, 1986) is a British actress and model. She is known for her work in _The Last Ship_ (2017), _Nightflyers_ (2018), _Queen & Slim_ (2019), and _Without Remorse_ (2021).

## Early life

Turner-Smith was born in Peterborough, England, to Jamaican parents. She lived in Peterborough until she was 10 years old. She moved to Gaithersburg, Maryland in the United States after her parents divorced. She studied at the University of Pittsburgh and has lived in Los Angeles since 2009.

## Career

Turner-Smith began acting in 2013, when she appeared in an episode of _True Blood_. She was in some music videos between 2013 and 2017. In 2016, she appeared in the music video for Zayn Malik's "Pillowtalk."

## Personal life

Turner-Smith began a relationship with actor Joshua Jackson in October 2018. They were married in December 2019. They have a daughter. In October 2023, it was revealed that Turner-Smith had filed for divorce from Jackson.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jodie Turner-Smith
- **image**: Jodie Turner-Smith by Patrick Lovell, February 2020 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Turner-Smith in February 2020
- **birth place**: Peterborough, England, U.K.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **children**: 1
- **years active**: 2013–present
Juan Manuel Albendea Pabón

**Juan Manuel Albendea Pabón** (8 June 1937 – 2 January 2022) was a Spanish politician, lawyer and economist. He was a member of the Spanish People's Party (PP). He was first elected to the Spanish Congress in 1996. He was re-elected in 2000, 2004 and 2008. Albendea Pabón was a well known critic of bullfighting. He was born in Cabra, Spain.

Albendea Pabón died on 2 January 2022 at the age of 84.
Anum Qaisar

**Anum Qaisar**, previously **Anum Qaisar-Javed** (born 11 September 1992) is a Scottish National Party (SNP) politician. She is a Member of Parliament (MP) for Airdrie and Shotts since 2021.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Anum Qaisar
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), MP
- **image**: Official_portrait_of_Anum_Qaisar_MP.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2021
- **office1**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament
for Airdrie and Shotts (UK Parliament constituency), Airdrie and Shotts
- **term start1**: 13 May 2021
- **majority1**: 1,757 (8.0%)
- **predecessor1**: Neil Gray
- **party**: Scottish National Party, SNP
- **otherparty**: Scottish Labour, Labour (until 2014)
- **alma mater**: University of Stirling
Sarah Green (politician)

**Sarah Louise Green** (born 25 April 1982) is a British businesswoman and Liberal Democrat politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Chesham and Amersham since 2021. Green is the first Liberal Democrat to represent the area.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sarah Green
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), MP
- **image**: Official portrait of Sarah Green MP.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2021
- **office**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament
 for Chesham and Amersham (UK Parliament constituency), Chesham and Amersham
- **term start**: 17 June 2021
- **predecessor**: Cheryl Gillan, Dame Cheryl Gillan
- **majority**: 8,028 (21.2%)
- **birth name**: Sarah Louise Green
- **birth place**: Corwen, Clwyd, Wales, UK
- **nationality**: British
- **party**: Liberal Democrats (UK), Liberal Democrats
Greig Fraser

**Greig Fraser, ACS, ASC, ** (born 3 October 1975) is an Australian cinematographer. His most well-known work are _Zero Dark Thirty_ (2012), _Lion_ (2016), _Rogue One_ (2016), _Vice_ (2018), and _Dune_ (2021).

In 2020, Fraser won a Primetime Emmy Award for his work on the television series _The Mandalorian_. He will also work on the 2022 DC Comics movie _The Batman_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Greig Fraser
- **image**: Greig Fraser.jpg
- **caption**: Fraiser in 2022
- **birth place**: Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia
- **alma mater**: RMIT University
- **occupation**: Cinematographer
- **years active**: 2000–present
- **organizations**: Australian Cinematographers Society
 American Society of Cinematographers
- **spouse**: Jodie Fried
- **children**: 3
A55 road (disambiguation)

The **A55 road** is a major road in north Wales.

Other notable roads include:
- A55 highway (Australia), a road connecting St George, Queensland and Lithgow, New South Wales
- A55 motorway (Canada), a road in Québec connecting Stanstead and Shawinigan
- A55 motorway (France), a road connecting Marseille and Martigues
- Autostrada A55 (Italy), a bypass around Turin
- A55 road (Northern Ireland), a road around Belfast
A55 autoroute

The **A55 autoroute** is a free motorway in southern France. It is  long.

The road starts at Marseille at La Joliette and ends to the west of Martigues. There, it becomes the N568 towards Arles and Nîmes.

## Exit list

- 01 (_Vieux-Port_) Towns served: Vieux-Port
- 02 (_Port_) Towns served: Port with regular ferry services to Corsica and Algeria
- 03 _Exchange A55-A557_ Junction with the A557 to the A7 and Aix-en-Provence
- 04 (_La Madrague_) La Madrague
- 05 (_L'Estaque/Le Rove_) Towns served: L'Estaque, Le Rove
- 06 (_L'Estaque-Nord_) Towns served: L'Estaque, Saint-Antoine
- _Junction A7-A55_ Junction with the A7
    - Service Area: Rebuty/La Nerthe
- 07 (_Marignan_) Towns served: Marignane, Gignac-la-Nerthe, Le Rove
- 08 (_Ensuès-la-Redonne_) Towns served: Ensuès-la-Redonne, Carry-le-Rouet, Sausset-les-Pins
- 09 (_La Mède-Est_) Towns served: La Mède,  Châteauneuf-les-Martigues
- 10 (_La Mède-Est_) Towns served: La Mède
- 11 (_Martigues-Est_) Towns served: Martigues
- 12 (_Martigues-Sus_) Towns served: Martigues, Lavéra
- 13 (_Martiques_) Towns served: Martigues D5 towards Saint-Mitre-les-Remparts and Istres
- End of autoroute which merges into the N568 towards Arles, Nîmes and Montpellier.

## History

The first section was opened in 1972. The last section connected this junction to the Vieux-Port of Marseille. It was completed  in 1989.

## Other websites

- A55 Motorway in Saratlas
Rajbanshi language (Nepal)

**Rajbanshi** (also called **Tajpuria**) is a Bengali-Assamese language spoken in Nepal. It is related to, but distinct from Rangpuri/Kamta in Bangladesh and India, which is also known by the alternative name "Rajbanshi", with which it forms the KRNB cluster.

**Name:** At present time Kamrupi / Kamtapuri / Rajbanshi / Goalpariya / Rangpuri / Tajpuri / Suryapuri / Barendri / Banga-Kamarupi / Banga-Assamese language, the same language and different names are known in different places.
Thor (Marvel Cinematic Universe)

**Thor Odinson** is a fictional character portrayed by Chris Hemsworth in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name and the Norse mythological god of thunder. He is the Asgardian God of Thunder, the former king of both Asgard and New Asgard, a founding member of the Avengers, and a former member of the Guardians of the Galaxy. When his irresponsible and impetuous behavior reignited an ancient war between Asgard and Jotunheim, Thor was denied the right to become king, stripped of his power and hammer Mjølnir, he was banished to Earth by Odin. While exiled on Earth, Thor found love with Jane Foster, and learned humility by saving his new friends from the Destroyer sent by Loki. Due to his selfless act of sacrifice, Thor redeemed himself in his father's eyes and was granted his power once more, which he then used to defeat Loki's schemes of genocide.

Thor is a central figure of the MCU, having appeared in nine movies as of 2023. Thor's characterization and early films received mixed reception, however his storyline following _Thor: Ragnarok_ (2017) was received much more favorably, with that film often being credited as revitalizing the character and his arc.

Alternate versions of Thor appear in the animated series _What If...?_ (2021), with Hemsworth reprising the role. One version in particular, which depicts an alternate Thor raised without Loki who is recruited into the Guardians of the Multiverse by the Watcher in the battle against an alternate version of Ultron.

### Movie appearances

|Year|Movie|Portrayed by||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2011|_Thor_|rowspan="9"|Chris Hemsworth|
|2012|_The Avengers_|||
|2013|_Thor: The Dark World_|||
|2015|_Avengers: Age of Ultron_|||
|2016|_Doctor Strange_ (post-credits cameo)|||
|2017|_Thor: Ragnarok_|||
|2018|_Avengers: Infinity War_|||
|2019|_Avengers: Endgame_|||
|2022|_Thor: Love and Thunder_|||

### Television appearances

|Year|Television series|Seasons|Episodes|Portrayed by||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2021-2023|_Loki_ (Archival footage)|2|12|rowspan="2"|Chris Hemsworth|
|2021-2024|_What If...?_|3|26|||
Feral horse

**Feral horse** can have two different meanings:

1. All horse species (including extinct ones) which are closely related to the (domesticated) horse, but which were never domesticated
1. A population of horses, that were once domesticated, but are now free-roaming. There are many such poulations, which are often managed as wildlife.
Camargue

The **Camargue** a place in France near where the Rhone river flows into the Mediterranean Sea. Before it flows into the sea, the Rhone splits into two smaller rivers, forming a triangle.  The Camague is the floodplain in that triangle between the two smaller rivers. This place is the **Grande Camargue** (Great Camargue). A smaller part just outside the triangle is named the **Petite Camague** (Little Camargue). The Carmargue is about  long from east to west, and  long from north to south. Part of it is a nature reserve.

The Camargue is important to the animals that live there. Almost 400 types of birds live in the Camargue.  There are also black bulls and horses. Many birds stop in the Camargue to rest when they fly south for the winter or north for the summer. There have been 30,000 flamingos there at the same time, and common cranes there as well. There are also European pond turtles. People have brought coypu to live there. As with any wetland, there are mosquitoes. In the Camargue, there are 40 different species of mosquito.

## Economy

Few people actually live in the Camargue. Its biggest City is Arles, just north of the triangle. Arles has about 60,000 people, and a long history. The economy in Camargue is based on three things:

- Agriculture  Growing wine, cereals and rice; Raising livestock - there's a special kind of bovine from the Camargue; there are also feral horses in the Camargue
- Tourism – like the rest of Provence and the French Mediterranean coast. There are people who come to visit the nature reserve
- There is little industry and commerce – salt is taken from seawater, and processed. This is mostly done in Salin-de-Giraud, and Aigues-Mortes
Oh My God (Adele song)

"**Oh My God**" is a song by English singer-songwriter Adele.  It was released as the second single from her fourth studio album, _30_.  It was sent to US pop, AC, and Hot AC radio stations on 30 November 2021.

It has reached number five on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 in the UK and number two in the UK.

## Charts

|Chart (2021–22)|Peak position|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Australia (ARIA)|align="center"|6|
|align="left"|Belgium|align="center"|47|
|align="left"|Bulgaria|align="center"|31|
|align="left"|Canada (Canadian Hot 100)|align="center"|8|
|align="left"|Denmark|align="center"|11|
|align="left"|Finland|align="center"|6|
|align="left"|France|align="center"|48|
|align="left"|Germany|align="center"|24|
|align="left"|Ireland (IRMA)|align="center"|3|
|align="left"|New Zealand (RMNZ)|align="center"|4|
|align="left"|Norway|align="center"|6|
|align="left"|Portugal|align="center"|31|
|align="left"|Sweden|align="center"|13|
|Switzerland|align="center"|7||
|align="left"|UK Singles (OCC)|align="center"|2|
|align="left"|US _Billboard_ Hot 100|align="center"|5|
|align="left"|US Adult Contemporary (_Billboard_)|align="center"|27|
|align="left"|US Adult Top 40 (_Billboard_)|align="center"|11|
|align="left"|US Mainstream Top 40 (_Billboard_)__|align="center"|16|

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Oh My God
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Adele
- **album**: 30 (album), 30
- **released**: 30 November 2021
- **length**: 3:45
- **producer**: Kurstin
- **prev title**: Easy on Me
- **prev year**: 2021
- **year**: 2021
- **next title**: I Drink Wine
- **next year**: 2022
Konstantinos Zappas

**Konstantinos Zappas** (; 1814–1892) was a Greek businessman who together with his cousin, Evangelos Zappas, revived the modern Olympic Games.

## Biography

Zappas was born to a Greek family in 1814 in the village of Labovo in the Ottoman Empire. After Evangelos Zappas died, Konstantinos took care of his cousin's legacy and the ongoing restoration of the Olympic Games. He was appointed manager of the Olympic Committee that organised the Zappas Olympics, the forerunner of the modern international Olympics.

Konstantinos donated to a number of Greek schools including female schools in Constantinople. Zappas died in 1892 in Mantes-la-Jolie, France. After he died, the Romanian government took all of his assets in Romania causing a noted international law case. The statues of Konstantinos and his cousin Evangelos are located in front of the Zappeion Culture and Exhibition Center in Athens, Greece.

## Other websites

- Testaments of Evangelis and Konstantinos Zappas. (Greek)
Bob Rae

**Bob Rae** (born August 2, 1948) is a former Canadian politician. He is now Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations.

He was Premier of Ontario from 1990 to 1995 and leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party from 1982 to 1996. Rae was the first Premier of Ontario to be a member of the New Democratic Party. Later he left the NDP and joined the Liberal Party of Canada. He was a Liberal Member of Parliament in the Canadian House of Commons from 2008 to 2013 and was Interim Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada from 2011 to 2013.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency the Honourable
- **name**: Bob Rae
- **image**: Bob Rae 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Rae in 2019
- **office1**: 25th Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations
- **term start1**: August 1, 2020
- **monarch1**: Elizabeth II
- **primeminister1**: Justin Trudeau
- **predecessor1**: Marc-André Blanchard
- **office2**: Special Envoy of Canada to Myanmar
- **primeminister2**: Justin Trudeau
- **term start2**: October 1, 2017
- **predecessor2**: _none_
- **constituency mp3**: Toronto Centre
- **parliament3**: Canadian
- **term start3**: March 17, 2008
- **term end3**: July 31, 2013
- **predecessor3**: Bill Graham (Canadian politician), Bill Graham
- **successor3**: Chrystia Freeland
- **office4**: Interim Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada
- **term start4**: May 25, 2011
- **term end4**: April 14, 2013
- **predecessor4**: Michael Ignatieff
- **successor4**: Justin Trudeau
- **office5**: 21st Premier of Ontario
- **term start5**: October 1, 1990
- **term end5**: June 26, 1995
- **monarch5**: Elizabeth II
- **predecessor5**: David Peterson
- **successor5**: Mike Harris
- **office6**: Leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party
- **term start6**: February 7, 1982
- **term end6**: June 22, 1996
- **predecessor6**: Michael Cassidy (Canadian politician), Michael Cassidy
- **successor6**: Howard Hampton
- **constituency am7**: York South (provincial electoral district), York South
- **assembly7**: Ontario Legislative
- **term start7**: November 4, 1982
- **term end7**: February 29, 1996
- **predecessor7**: Donald C. MacDonald, Donald MacDonald
- **successor7**: Gerard Kennedy
- **parliament9**: Canadian
- **riding9**: Toronto—Danforth, Broadview-Greenwood

- **term start9**: October 16, 1978
- **term end9**: May 2, 1982
- **predecessor9**: John Gilbert (Canadian politician), John Gilbert
- **successor9**: Lynn McDonald
- **birth name**: Robert Keith Rae
- **birth place**: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- **party**: Liberal Party of Canada, Liberal Party (1968–1974; 2006–now)
- **otherparty**: New Democratic Party (1974–1998)
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: University of Toronto (Bachelor of Arts, BA, LLB)
Balliol College, Oxford (BPhil)
Ansley, Louisiana

**Ansley** is an unincorporated community in Jackson Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Weston, Louisiana

**Weston** is an unincorporated community in Jackson Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Arabi, Louisiana

**Arabi** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Poydras, Louisiana

**Poydras** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Violet, Louisiana

**Violet** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, United States.
The Grand Abrhot Library

**The Grand Abrhot Library** is a public library owned by the city of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. The library was opened on January 1, 2022. The Grand Abrhot Library was directed by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. He led the project through the idea of creating it to its final stage. The library has 4 floors. It is on  of land. The book shelf cover . The Grand Abrhot library also has 8 bookstores, a meeting room, a cafeteria and a reading area for children. The parking area can hold 115 vehicles at a time. It also has a special room for people privileged to enter.

## Books

The library is able to hold over 1.4 million books on a shelf space of 1 and a half kilometers. According to Addid Ababa mayor Adanech Abebe,  the library has over 300,000 papers and books of Ethiopian researchers and author<nowiki/>s. The library also has 120,000 international papers and books of researchers and novelists. Many books have been donated to the library

### Space

The library has the enough space to hold 2,000 people at a time.

## Opening

The Grand Abrhot Library was openned on the 1 January 2022 by the mayor, Adanech Abebe, and Prime Minister, Abiy Ahmed. High government officials, the Minister of Education and Minister of Health were at the openning. There were celebrities there as well. During the opening of the library, Abmed gave a speech. In his speech, he "stressed the need for the country to transfer its rich history and civilization to the next generation using such libraries. The alphabets of the 18 countries is engraved on the wall of Abrhot library."

## Meaning

The word _Abrhot_ or _Abrihot_ means enlightenment. During his speech. the Prime Minister said that Ethiopians should be enlightened to knowledge.

## Infobox (library)

- **library name**: The Grand Abrhot Library
- **country**: Ethiopia
- **location**: Addis Ababa
- **budget**: 1.1 billion birr
- **director**: Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed
- **established**: January 1, 2022
Principle of double effect

The **principle of double effect** or **doctrine of double effect** is an idea in philosophy.  It says that it can be morally good to do something that has a bad effect so long as it also has a larger good effect.  Here, "double effect" means "second effect" or "side effect." In plain English, the principle of double effect means, "It is acceptable for actions to have bad side effects so long as the good effect is much larger."

## History

Historians think Thomas Aquinas was the first person to write about the principle of double effect but they are not sure.  Thomas Aquinas lived in the 1200s.  He wrote about killing in self-defense.  Philosophers from before Thomas Aquinas, for example Augustine of Hippo, said it was never acceptable to kill another person, not even in self-defense.  Thomas Aquinas said it was so long as the person did not kill their attacker on purpose and so long as the person does not fight harder than they need to.  Here, the first effect is saving one's own life.  The double effect (side effect) is killing the attacker.  He wrote this in _Summa Theologica_.

## Rules

In the principle of double effect, it is okay to _foresee_ a bad effect but not to _intend_ it.  This means a person who knows their action will cause something bad might still be acting within the principle of double effect, but a person who wants the bad effect definitely is not.

The _New Catholic Encyclopedia_ says that for an action to follow the principle of double effect:

- The action itself must be neutral; it must not be good or bad.
- The person must not want the bad thing to happen; if there is another action that would cause the good effect without the bad one, then the person must do that instead.
- The good effect must happen before or at the same time as the bad effect.  It must not happen after the bad effect.  Then, it might have been caused by the bad effect.
- The good effect must be bigger or more important than the bad effect, enough to be worth the bad effect.

## Uses

The principle of double effect is part of Roman Catholic philosophy. Medical doctors can also use it when deciding how to treat patients, especially patients who are in pain and want to die.

## Differences

The principle of double effect is not the same as "the ends justify the means." In the principle of double effect, the goal is to make something good happen, and something bad happens too.  The good and bad thing both come from the same action.  In the ends justify the means, the person does something bad to make a good thing happen.  The good thing comes from the bad action.

## Criticism

Some philosophers say that foreseeing a bad effect (knowing it will happen) and intending a bad effect (wanting and meaning it to happen) are not different enough for the principle of double effect to be real.  Philosophers have used the trolley problem to study the principle of double effect.

## Related pages

- Trolley problem
- Absolutism
- Consequentialism
1972 AFC Asian Cup

The **1972 AFC Asian Cup** was the 5th AFC Asian Cup, a football tournament that happens every four years. It is organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). The tournament was played in Thailand (originally planned to be in Israel) from 7 to 19 May 1972.

Iran won the tournament by beating South Korea, 2–1, in the finals.

## Qualification

|Team|Qualified as|Qualified on|Previous appearance|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
||and Central Zone winners|30 May 1971|0|
||1968 AFC Asian Cup champions|19 May 1968||
||Central Zone runners-up|30 May 1971|0|
||Eastern zone winners|1971||
||Western Zone winners|22 December 1971|0|
||Western Zone runners-up|21 December 1971|0|

- _ qualified as the hosts but they later withdrew.  then replaced them._

## Venue

|rowspan=4||Bangkok|
| --- | --- | --- |
|National Stadium|||
|Capacity: **26,000**|||

## Group allocation matches

- Winners divided over different groups

---

---

### Group A

<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>

---

---

### Group B

<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>

---

---

### Semi-finals

---

## Goalscorers

- 5 goals
- Hossein Kalani
- 4 goals
- Ali Jabbari
- Park Lee-Chun
- 3 goals
- Doeur Sokhom
- Prapon Tantariyanond
- 2 goals
- Safar Iranpak
- 1 goal

- Parviz Ghelichkhani
- Ammo Yousif
- Sea Cheng Eang
- Sok Sun Hean
- Tes Sean
- Fayez Marzouq
- Ibrahim Duraiham
- Jawad Khalaf
- Mohammad Sultan
- Cha Bum-Kun
- Lee Hoi-Taek
- Park Su-Deok
- Supakit Meelarpkit

## Other websites

- Details at RSSSF
- FIFA results record, used to update dates and locations
- AFC Report

## Infobox (international football competition)

- **year**: 1972
- **other titles**: Asian Cup Thailand 1972
เอเชียนคัพ 2515
- **country**:
(**original hosts** )
- **dates**: 7–19 May
- **num teams**: 6
- **venues**: 1
- **cities**: 1
- **count**: 2
- **second**: South Korea
- **second-flagvar**: 1949
- **third**: THA
- **matches**: 13
- **goals**: 38
- **top scorer**: Hossein Kalani
(5 goals)
- **player**: Ebrahim Ashtiani
- **prevseason**: 1968 AFC Asian Cup, 1968
- **nextseason**: 1976 AFC Asian Cup, 1976
David Peterson

**David Peterson** (born December 28, 1943) is a Canadian former was the 20th premier of Ontario from 1985 to 1990. He was the first Liberal to be Premier of Ontario in 42 years. His government lasted until 1990, when his party lost to the Ontario New Democratic Party led by Bob Rae.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: David Peterson
- **image**: David Peterson (2005).jpg
- **caption**: Peterson in 2005
- **order**: 20th
- **office**: Premier of Ontario
- **term start**: June 26, 1985
- **term end**: October 1, 1990
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **lieutenant governor**: John Black Aird
Lincoln Alexander
- **predecessor**: Frank Miller (politician), Frank Miller
- **successor**: Bob Rae
- **office2**: Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario), Member of Provincial Parliament
- **term start2**: September 18, 1975
- **term end2**: September 6, 1990
- **predecessor2**: _New riding_
- **successor2**: Marion Boyd
- **constituency2**: London Centre
- **office3**: Ontario Liberal Party, Ontario Liberal Party Leader
- **term start3**: February 21, 1982
- **term end3**: September 6, 1990
- **predecessor3**: Stuart Lyon Smith, Stuart Smith
- **successor3**: Robert Nixon (politician), Robert Nixon
- **office4**: Leader of the Opposition (Ontario), Leader of the Opposition in the Ontario Legislature
- **term start4**: February 21, 1982
- **term end4**: June 26, 1985
- **predecessor4**: Robert Nixon
- **successor4**: Frank Miller (politician), Frank Miller
- **office5**: Chancellor of the University of Toronto
- **term start5**: July 1, 2006
- **term end5**: June 30, 2012
- **predecessor5**: Vivienne Poy
- **successor5**: Michael Wilson (Canadian politician), Michael Wilson
- **party**: Ontario Liberal Party, Liberal
- **birth name**: David Robert Peterson
- **birth place**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **alma mater**: University of Western Ontario
University of Toronto Faculty of Law
- **residence**: London, Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- **spouse**: Shelley Peterson
- **children**: 3
Persian literature

**Persian literature**  is literature that is written or expressed in Iran. Persian literature has a history of one thousand and one hundred years. Persian poetry and Persian prose are the two main genres in Persian literature. Some ancient books on non-literary subjects such as history, prayers and various sciences also have literary value and over time have been included in the class of classic works of Persian literature. Persian literature has its roots in the ancient literature of Iran, which was influenced by Avestan texts in the Sassanid period in Middle Persian and Parthian Pahlavi languages.
Ferdinand Feldhofer

Ferdinand Feldhofer (born 23 October 1979) is an Austrian football coach and a former player.

## Career

Feldhofer started his career with TuS Vorau and TSV Pöllau in Styria. Then he went on to Sturm Graz. With them he won the double in 1999. He moved then  to Rapid Wien in 2002. He won another league title with Rapid in 2005 and then left for Wacker Innsbruck. In summer 2008 returned to Sturm. He ended his career in 2013. Between 2002 and 2007 he also played 13 matches for the Austrian national football team.

In June 2012 he got the UEFA A Licence as manager. He worked as the coach for different youth teams. In 2015 he became coach of SV Lafnitz in the Regionalliga. The team became champions and were promoted to the Second League.  In October 2019 Feldhofer acquired his UEFA Pro Licence. December 2019 he became coach of the Bundesliga side Wolfsberger AC. In the 2019-20 season they finished 3rd and played in the Europa League where they reached the knock out stage. He resigned after the Cup loss against LASK. On 28 November 2021, Feldhofer became manager of Austrian club SK Rapid Wien. Feldhofer was fired by the team on 16 October 2022. After short stints at Dinamo Tbilisi and Cercle Brugge, he became coach of Grazer AK in 2025.

## Managerial statistics

|rowspan="2"|Team|rowspan="2"|Nation|rowspan="2"|From|rowspan="2"|To|colspan="5"|Record|rowspan=2||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left|SV Lafnitz||align=left|10 October 2015|align=left|23 December 2019||||||
|align=left|Wolfsberger AC||align=left|23 December 2019|align=left|4 March 2021||||||
|align=left|Rapid Wien||align=left|29 November 2021|align=left|16 October 2022||||||

## Honours

- As player
- Austrian Football Bundesliga: 1998, 1999, 2011 (Sturm Graz); 2005 (Rapid Vienna)
- Austrian Cup:1999, 2010 (Sturm Graz)
- As coach
- Austrian Regional League Central: 2017-18 (SV Lafnitz)

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Ferdinand Feldhofer
- **image**: SC Wiener Neustadt vs. SV Lafnitz 2017-06-30 (02).jpg
- **image size**: 160x240px
- **fullname**: Ferdinand Feldhofer
- **birth place**: Vorau, Austria
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **years1**: 1998–2002
- **clubs1**: SK Sturm Graz, Sturm Graz
- **caps1**: 32
- **goals1**: 1
- **years2**: 2002–2005
- **clubs2**: SK Rapid Wien, Rapid Wien
- **caps2**: 80
- **goals2**: 5
- **years3**: 2005–2008
- **clubs3**: FC Wacker Innsbruck (2002), Wacker Innsbruck
- **caps3**: 77
- **goals3**: 4
- **years4**: 2008–2013
- **clubs4**: SK Sturm Graz, Sturm Graz
- **caps4**: 88
- **goals4**: 2
- **nationalyears1**: 2002–2007
- **nationalteam1**: Austria national football team, Austria
- **nationalcaps1**: 13
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
- **manageryears1**: 2015–2019
- **managerclubs1**: SV Lafnitz
- **manageryears2**: 2019–2021
- **managerclubs2**: Wolfsberger AC
- **manageryears3**: 2021– 2022
- **managerclubs3**: SK Rapid Wien
- **manageryears4**: 2024
- **managerclubs4**: Dinamo Tiflis
- **manageryears5**: 2024- 2025
- **managerclubs5**: Cercle Brügge
- **manageryears6**: 2025-
- **managerclubs6**: Grazer AK
Robin Dutt

**Robin Dutt**  (born 24 January 1965) is a German football coach, executive and former player. He is the manager of Austrian club Wolfsberger AC.

## Player career

As player he played for different amateur clubs in Germany.

## Manager

As manager of SC Freiburg he reached the promotion to the Bundesliga.

## Managerial statistics

|rowspan="2"|Team|rowspan="2"|Nat|rowspan="2"|From|rowspan="2"|To|colspan="8"|Record|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left|TSF Ditzingen||align=left|1 July 2000|align=left|30 June 2002||||
|align=left|Stuttgarter Kickers II||align=left|1 July 2002|align=left|27 October 2003||||
|align=left|Stuttgarter Kickers||align=left|27 October 2003|align=left|30 June 2007||||
|align=left|SC Freiburg||align=left|1 July 2007|align=left|30 June 2011||||
|align=left|Bayer Leverkusen||align=left|1 July 2011|align=left|1 April 2012||||
|align=left|Werder Bremen||align=left|27 May 2013|align=left|25 October 2014||||
|align=left|VfL Bochum||align=left|12 February 2018|align=left|26 August 2019||||
|align=left|Wolfsberger AC||align=left|1 July 2021|align=left|_Present_||||

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Robin Dutt
- **image**: CupII-5611 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Dutt with SC Freiburg in 2010
- **birth place**: Cologne, West Germany
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **currentclub**: Wolfsberger AC (manager)
- **years1**: 1983–1985
- **years2**: 1985–1987
- **years3**: 1987–1988
- **years4**: 1988–1990
- **years5**: 1990–1993
- **years6**: 1993–1995
- **years7**: 1995–1999
- **clubs1**: SVGG Hirschlanden
- **clubs2**: TSV Korntal
- **clubs3**: TSV Münchingen
- **clubs4**: TSV Korntal
- **clubs5**: FV Zuffenhausen
- **clubs6**: SKV Rutesheim
- **clubs7**: TSG Leonberg
- **manageryears1**: 1995–1999
- **manageryears2**: 1999–2000
- **manageryears3**: 2000–2002
- **manageryears4**: 2002–2003
- **manageryears5**: 2003–2007
- **manageryears6**: 2007–2011
- **manageryears7**: 2011–2012
- **manageryears8**: 2013–2014
- **manageryears9**: 2018–2019
- **manageryears10**: 2021–
- **managerclubs1**: TSG Leonberg (player-coach)
- **managerclubs2**: TSF Ditzingen II
- **managerclubs3**: TSF Ditzingen
- **managerclubs4**: Stuttgarter Kickers II
- **managerclubs5**: Stuttgarter Kickers
- **managerclubs6**: SC Freiburg
- **managerclubs7**: Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Bayer Leverkusen
- **managerclubs8**: SV Werder Bremen, Werder Bremen
- **managerclubs9**: VfL Bochum
- **managerclubs10**: Wolfsberger AC
Homeland Solidarity Party

The **Homeland Solidarity Party**  ( or **STAR)** one Sabahans political party. The party was founded on 1 July 2016 by his President Datuk Seri Panglima Dr. Jeffrey G. Kitingan. He is Tan Sri Joseph Pairin Kitingan younger brother, whom the former chief minister of Sabah and ex-president in United Sabah Party (PBS). STAR Party was one of three founding parties of the United Sabah Alliance (USA) together with SAPP, PHRS party founded in 2016 and United Alliance of Sabah (UAOS) founded in 2018, the other being the Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP) and United Sabah Party (PBS).
Chettupattu

**Chettupattu** is a locality in the Indian city of Chennai. It is served by Chetpet railway station in the Beach-Tambaram line of Chennai Suburban Railway. Chettupattu has a pond between the Chetpet railway station and the Poonamallee High Road, one of the last surviving natural water bodies in the city.
Diseconomies of scale

Usually, when a business grows, it can produce more units, at a lower per-unit price. In economics, this is known as economies of scale. Unfortunately, this is only true up to a certain point. When the company grows beyond that point, producing goods or services gets more expensive again. This effect is known as **diseconomies of scale**. There are many causes for this effect:

- The communication costs are larger in bigger organisations. It may also be more difficult to reach a given person.
- With more employees, it is probable that two people will be doing the same thing. This is known as duplication of effort.
- Larger companies have longer response times.
- Sometimes people are afraid to change procedures that worked in a smaller company, but that need adapting to a bigger company.
Dryophytes gratiosus

The **barking tree frog**, **Florida hyla**, **Florida tree frog**, **Georgia tree frog**, **bell-frog**, or **giant tree frog**  (_Dryophytes gratiosus_) is a frog that lives in the southeastern United States.  It lives as far north as New Jersey, as far west as Kentucky and Mississippi, and as far south as Alabama and Florida.

The adult male frog is 4.9 to 7.0 cm from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 5.0 to 7.0 cm long.  It is one of the largest tree frogs in the United States.  Its skin is bright green to dark green.  It has spots.
Interstate 60

***Interstate 60*** (also known as ***Interstate 60: Episodes of The Road***) is a 2002 American independent road movie. Bob Gale wrote and directed it. It was his first movie as a director. It stars James Marsden, Gary Oldman, Amy Smart, Christopher Lloyd, Chris Cooper and Kurt Russell, with a cameo by Michael J. Fox. One reviewer said the movie was about "the ethical fiber of America’s John Everyman, and the moral humanity of each viewer."

## Reviews

Robert Koehler writing in _Variety_ criticizes the film's "juvenile obviousness" and says the themes do not feel genuine.

Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes lists 4 reviews, and reports 3 positive and 1 negative review.
Mordechai Ben-Porat

**Mordechai Ben-Porat** ( ; 12 September 1923 – 3 January 2022) was an Iraqi-born Israeli politician. He was a member of the Knesset between 1965 until 1984. He also was Minister without Portfolio from July 1982 until January 1984. Ben-Porat was born in Baghdad, Iraq.

Ben-Porat died on 3 January 2022 at the age of 98.
Traxamillion

**Sultan Banks**, better known as **Traxamillion**, (February 26, 1979 – January 2, 2022) was an American hip hop producer and rap musician. He produced records such as Keak da Sneak's "Super Hyphy" and Dem Hoodstarz "Grown Man Remix". He was best known for producing the remix of "About Us".

Banks died of a rare-form of cancer on January 2, 2022 under hospice care in San Jose, California at the age of 42.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Traxamillion
- **image**: Traxamillion @ Hot Import Nights 2009.jpg
- **caption**: Traxamillion at Hot Import Nights in 2009
- **background**: solo_singer
- **alias**: The Slapp Addict
- **birth name**: Sultan Banks
- **birth place**: San Jose, California, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: San Jose, California, U.S.
- **genre**: West Coast hip hop, Hyphy
- **occupation**: Producer, rapper
- **label**: 454 Life Entertainment, Slapp Addict Productionz, Official Entertainment
- **associated acts**: Drew Deezy, Keak Da Sneak, Mistah F.A.B., Izz Thizz, Clyde Carson
- **website**: [http://www.myspace.com/traxxamillion myspace.com/traxxamillion]
Jens Jørgen Hansen

**Jens Jørgen Rankenberg Hansen** (4 January 1939 – 2 January 2022) was a Danish footballer and manager. He played 417 games as a defender for Esbjerg fB. He also played for the Denmark national team in 39 games from 1962 to 1971. He was a manager for Esbjerg fB for a short while in 1972. Hansen was born in Struer, Denmark.

Hansen died on 2 January 2022, two days before his 83rd birthday.
Gianni Celati

**Gianni Celati** (10 January 1937 – 2 January 2022) was an Italian writer, translator and literary critic. Celati was born in Sondrio, Italy. His first book, _Comiche_, was published in 1970. His three novels _Le avventure di Guizzardi_ (1972), _La banda dei sospiri_ (1976), and _Lunario del paradiso_ (1978) were later published together in _Parlamenti buffi_ (1998).

Celati translated works by Jonathan Swift, William Gerhardie, Herman Melville, Stendhal, Louis Ferdinand Céline, Mark Twain, Roland Barthes, Jack London, Henri Michaux and Georges Perec.

Celati died in Brighton, England from problems caused by a broken hip on 2 January 2022, at the age of 84.
Larry Biittner

**Lawrence David Biittner** (July 27, 1946 – January 2, 2022) was an American professional baseball player. He played 14 seasons in Major League Baseball as an outfielder and first baseman. He played for the Washington Senators/Texas Rangers, Montreal Expos, Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds.

Biitner died on January 2, 2022 at the age of 75.

## Infobox (baseball biography)

- **name**: Larry Biittner
- **image**: Larry Biittner.jpg
- **caption**: Biittner in 1971
- **position**: Outfielder, First baseman
- **bats**: Left
- **throws**: Left
- **birth place**: Pocahontas, Iowa, United States, U.S.
- **debutleague**: MLB
- **debutdate**: July 17
- **debutyear**: 1970
- **debutteam**: Washington Senators
- **finalleague**: MLB
- **finaldate**: September 29
- **finalyear**: 1983
- **finalteam**: Texas Rangers
- **statleague**: MLB
- **stat1label**: Batting average (baseball), Batting average
- **stat1value**: .273
- **stat2label**: Home runs
- **stat2value**: 29
- **stat3label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat3value**: 354
- **teams**: *Washington Senators / Texas Rangers (baseball), Texas Rangers (–)
*Montreal Expos (–)
*Chicago Cubs (–)
*Cincinnati Reds (–)
*Texas Rangers (baseball), Texas Rangers ()
Jim Toy

**James W. Toy** (April 29, 1930 – January 1, 2022) was an American LGBT activist and educator. He was the first openly gay man in Michigan. He was a well known LGBTQ+ rights activist in Michigan. He helped create LGBT offices and resources at the University of Michigan and other buildings/institutions in the state.

Toy died in Ann Arbor, Michigan on January 1, 2022 at the age of 91.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jim Toy
- **image**: JimToy-GLBT-Activist.jpg
- **image size**: 220
- **birth name**: James W. Toy
- **birth place**: New York City, US
- **death place**: Ann Arbor, Michigan, US
- **nationality**: American
- **alma mater**: Denison University
University of Michigan
- **occupation**: United States, US lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) activist and educator
- **known for**: Gay Liberation Front, Lesbian-Gay Male Programs Office at the University of Michigan, Episcopal Diocese of Michigan Commission on Homosexuality