juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Samantha Mumba

**Samantha Tamania Anne Cecilia Mumba** (born 18 January 1983) is an Irish singer, dancer, actress and musician who first became famous around 2000 with the single "Gotta Tell You". Samantha sings contralto. Mumba has also been in many movies, in particular independent movies.

Mumba's first single, "Gotta Tell You", reached No. 1 in the Irish charts. It later reached No. 2 in the British charts. Mumba also had success in the USA, with the song reaching No. 4 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100. To date, her first album has sold over 4 million copies worldwide.

### Films

- _The Time Machine_ (2002)
- _Spin The Bottle_ (2003)
- _Boy Eats Girl_ (2005)
- _Nailed_ (2006)
- _Johnny Was_ (2006)
- _3 Crosses_ (2007)
- _Shifter_ (2007)
- _Loftus Hall_ (2011)

### Television

- _Get Your Act Together with Harvey Goldsmith_ (2008)
- _Dancing On Ice_ (2008)

## Awards and nominations

- Grammy Award
    - 2001, Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical (Nominated)
- Meteor Music Awards
    - 2002, Best Female Singer (Won)
- MOBO Awards
    - 2001, Best Album, _Gotta Tell You_ (Nominated)
    - 2000, Best Video, "Gotta Tell You" (Nominated)
- Smash Hits
    - Poll Winners' Party Best New Female (Won)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Samantha Mumba
- **image**: WithSMcropped.jpg
- **caption**: Samantha Mumba in 2009
- **image size**: 200px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Samantha Tamania Anne Cecilia Mumba
- **birth place**: Dublin, Republic of Ireland, Ireland
- **genre**: pop music, Pop, contemporary R&B, R&B, Dance music, dance, Urban contemporary, urban
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter, dancer, actress
- **years active**: 1999–Present
- **associated acts**: Jay R Sillona
- **label**: Universal Records, Universal
Polydor Records, Polydor
Interscope Records, Interscope
A&M Records, A&M
Financial Times

The ***Financial Times*** (***FT***) is an international business newspaper. It is a morning daily newspaper published in London.  It is printed in 24 cities around the world. About 110 of its 475 journalists are outside the UK.

Along with FT.com, it has an average daily readership of 2.1 million people worldwide. FT.com has 4 million registered users and 250,000 digital subscribers, as well as 585,681 paying users.  The _Financial Times_ in print format has an average daily circulation of three hundred and five thousand copies worldwide as of April 2012.

It was started in 1888 by James Sheridan and Horatio Bottomley. The _FT_ specialises in UK and international business and financial news.  It is printed as a broadsheet on light salmon paper.

## Infobox (newspaper)

- **logo**: Financial Times masthead.svg
- **format**: Broadsheet
- **owner**: The Nikkei, Nikkei Inc.
- **political**: Liberal conservatism
Economic liberalism
- **headquarters**: Bracken House, London, UK
- **publishing country**: United Kingdom
- **editor**: Lionel Barber
- **circulation**: 185,747 (Print)
 740.000 (Digital)
- **circulation date**: 2018
- **issn**: 0307-1766
Bahraini people

The **Baharna** (singular **Bahrani**) are the indigenous people of the archipelago of Bahrain and the oasis of Qatif on the Persian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia. The term is sometimes also given to the Shi'a people of the al-Hasa oasis.  They are all Arabic speaking.  They claim descent from Arab tribes. Their dialect of Arabic is known as "Bahrani" or "Bahrani Arabic".  Almost all follow Shia Islam.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Bahārna
_البحارنة_
- **image**: Muharram procession 2, Manama, Bahrain (Feb 2005).jpg
- **caption**: Bahārna during Muharram
- **regions**: Indigenous to Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatif, Al-Ahsa Governorate, Al-Hasa), with notable presence in UAE, Zanzibar and Iran (Hormozgan province)
- **languages**: Arabic (Bahrani Arabic, Gulf Arabic)
- **religions**: Shia Islam
Muharraq

**Muharraq** (meaning Place of Ashes), is Bahrain's third largest city.  It was the capital until 1923. The Muharraq Town was replaced by Manama as the capital of Bahrain.

The city is on Muharraq Island. Bahrain International Airport is located on the island.

Muharraq is home to Muharraq Club, which is Bahrain's most successful football club. The city is also known for its traditional market, or souq, and as a home of traditional arts and music. Ali Bahar, a popular and successful Bahraini singer is from Muharraq.

Gulf Air and Bahrain Air have headquarters in Muharraq.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Al Muharraq
- **image skyline**: Muharraq and Manama.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: View of  Muharraq with the skyline of Manama in the background
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Bahrain
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bahrain
- **subdivision type1**: Governorates of Bahrain, Governorate
- **subdivision name1**: Al Muharraq Governorate
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 109 695 [http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1300648286&men=gcis&lng=en&des=gamelan&geo=-33&srt=pnan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500]
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
Bani Jamra

**Bani Jamra** is a village in the north-west of Bahrain. It is east of Budaiya and south of Diraz. It is in the Northern Governorate. Before the discovery of oil in Bahrain, most of the people were involved in farming, especially date palms. Bani Jamra is also famous as a center of traditional fabric weaving, a rapidly dying art.

Almost all of the people of Bani Jamra are Baharna Shias. Leading cleric and political activist Abdul Amir al-Jamri, and his son Mansoor Al-Jamri are from the village.

## References

- Bani Jamra Cloth Weaving
- Bani Jamra website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Bani Jamra
- **native name**: بني جمرة
- **settlement type**: Village
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **pushpin map**: Bahrain
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Bahrain
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bahrain
- **subdivision type1**: Governorates of Bahrain, Governorate
- **subdivision name1**: Northern Governorate
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
A'ali

**A'ali** is one of the biggest towns in Bahrain. Before it was a part of the municipality of Mintaqah. Since 2001 it is in the Central Governorate. A'ali is famous for its 170,000+ ancient burial mounds.  These are one of the largest graveyards in the world. A'ali is famous also for its old pottery handicraft.

## Geography

A'ali is in the middle of Bahrain.  It is south of Isa Town and north of Riffa. A'ali has a National Driving School. A'ali is mainly a Shia town. It is approximately 15 km (9.3 miles) southwest of the capital of Bahrain.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: A'ali
- **native name**: عَالِي
- **native name lang**: AR
- **settlement type**: Town
- **pushpin map**: Bahrain
- **pushpin label position**: Right
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Bahrain
- **population total**: 100553
- **pop est as of**: 2012
- **utc offset1**: +3
Souq

A **souq** or **souk** (also spelled **soq**, **souk**, **esouk**, **suk**, **sooq**, **souq**, or **suq**) is an open-air marketplace or commercial quarter in an Arab, or Berber city. A souk or souq is a free market where vendors can say the going market price for their products. The term is often used for the market in any Arab or Muslim city. In modern times, it appears in Western cities, too. It may also be the weekly market in some smaller towns where no tribal conflicts would be allowed. The word "souq" comes from the Aramaic word šūqā, which means "street, market". This Aramaic word was then taken in Arabic. The Arabic word sūq was then borrowed into English via French by the 19th century.
Ibrahim

**Ibrahim** ( __) may be:
- Abraham, a Biblical patriarch
- Ibrahim (name), a name (and list of people with the name)
- Ibrahim (horse), a stallion who sired many successful show jumping horses
- Ibrahim (sura), a sura of the Qur'an
- Ibrahim prize, a prize to recognise good governance in Africa
- "Ibrahim", a song by David Friedman from _Shades of Change_
Muharram

**Muharram** is the first month of the Islamic calendar. It is one of the four sacred months of the year in which fighting is not allowed. The month is accounted with many stories in Islam. The other months are Dhu al-Qi'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah and Rajab. Since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, Muharram moves from year to year when compared with the Gregorian calendar.

Muharram is held to be the most sacred of all the months, except for Ramadan. Some Muslims fast during these days. The tenth day of Muharram is the Day of Ashura. To Shia Muslims it is part of the Mourning of Muharram. The mourning is for Husayn ibn Ali who was the grandson of Prophet Muhammad and their third Imam.

Many Sunni Muslims fast during this day. It is in the _hadith_ that Musa (Moses) and his people had a victory over the Egyptian Pharaoh on the 10th day of Muharram.  The Islamic prophet Muhammad asked Muslims to fast on this day, and also a day extra either before or after. Many Muslims cook something sweet like sweet rice and share with their family and circle of friends to eat when breaking their fast......

On muhurram a large number of people gather and decorate _<nowiki/>'Tazia** as the Symbol of the battle
People of Muslim communities in many parts of the world set-up ‘Langar’(A large pot filled with food) where water is served free to all for nine days
On muhurram Sunni Muslims prepare **‘khichda’_'(Rice which includes all the grains and lentils available)
Diana Dors

**Diana Dors** (born Diana Mary Fluck, 23 October 1931 – 4 May 1984) was a British actress. She was born in Swindon, Wiltshire.

Dors died of ovarian cancer in Windsor, Berkshire.

## Personal life

Dors was married three times:
- Dennis Hamilton Gittins (3 July 1951–3 January 1959, his death): married five weeks after meeting, at Caxton Hall; no children; lived London, Berkshire and Hollywood
- Richard Dawson (12 April 1959–1966, divorced): married in New York; two sons Mark Dawson and Gary Dawson; lived London, New York and Hollywood
- Alan Lake (23 November 1968–her death): married at Caxton Hall; one son Jason Lake; lived at Orchard Manor, Sunningdale, Berkshire

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Diana Dors
- **image**: Diana-dors-british-actress.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Dors in 1955.
- **birth name**: Diana Mary Fluck
- **birth date**: 23 October 1931
- **birth place**: Swindon, Wiltshire, England
- **death place**: Windsor, Berkshire, Windsor, Berkshire, England
- **resting place**: Sunningdale Catholic Cemetery
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **other names**: Diana d'Ors
- **education**: Colville House, Swindon
- **alma mater**: London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1947–1984
Day of Ashura

The **Day of Ashura** is on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar.  It is the high point of the Remembrance of Muharram.

Shi'a Muslims mourn for the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad.  He died at the Battle of Karbala on 10 Muharram in the year 61 AH (October 10, 680 AD). According to Sunni Muslim tradition, Muhammad fasted on this day and asked other people to fast.

In many Shi'a regions of Muslim countries such as Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Lebanon, and Bahrain; the Commemoration of Husayn ibn Ali has become a national holiday.  Most ethnic and religious communities participate in it. Even in a mostly Hindu country like  India, Ashura is a public holiday.

## Related pages

- Ashure, a pudding making at the day of Ashura in Turkey

## Other websites

- Who was Hussain?

## Infobox (holiday)

- **holiday name**: Day of Ashura
- **image**: Ashura Hardoi 2011.jpg
- **caption**: Shi'a Muslims of Hardoi, Northern India, strike their chests during the mourning of Ashura  2011
- **official name**: Arabic language, Arabic: عاشوراء (ʻĀshūrā’); Turkish language, Turkish: Aşure Günü
- **nickname**: Hosay, Tabuik, Tabot
- **observedby**: Shi'a Islam, Shi'a Muslims
- **date**: 10 Muharram
- **observances**: Mourn and derive messages from Husayn's Sacrifice(Shi'a Islam); Fasting (Sunni Islam)
- **type**: Islamic and national (In some countries such as India, Pakistan, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Azerbaijan and Lebanon)
- **significance**: Marks the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali (Shi'a Islam); The day that Islamic view of Moses, Moses fasted as gratitude for the liberation of the Israelites (Sunni Islam)
- **date2012**: November 24
- **date2013**: November 14
Scientific management

**Scientific management** is a field of study which was started by Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915). In his honor, the domain is sometimes called **Taylorism**. Taylor believed he could improve work in a company and its management through scientific procedures. This would solve the social problems in the company and guarantee wealth for all people. Very important components are:
- Making a difference between planning work and its execution
- Studying how long a process step takes to get estimates for the time it should take
- Wages based on productivity
- Prescribing the daily workload
It was mainly used for manufacturing processes, where workers operated machines to get a product. Today, the main problems seen with this approach is that the workers were treated like machines and not like human beings. It is the division of labour pushed to its extreme.

## Related pages

- Fordism
40th G7 summit

The **40th G8 summit** was held in Brussels on June 4–5, 2014. It was originally going to be held at the Black Sea resort of Sochi, Russia.

After Russia's involvement in the 2014 Crimean crisis, some people wanted Russia to leave the G8. On March 24, United Kingdom Prime Minister David Cameron said that the meeting would not occur in Russia due to the Crimean crisis.  The other seven countries decided to hold it without Russia.

## Participants

The participants will be the "core members" of the group:

|colspan=2|Member|Represented by|Title|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|colspan="4" style="text-align: center; background:Gainsboro"|**Core G7 members** <small>Host state and leader are shown in bold text.</small>|||
|Canada|Stephen Harper|Prime Minister||
|France|François Hollande|President||
|Germany|Angela Merkel|Chancellor||
|Italy|Matteo Renzi|Prime Minister||
|Japan|Shinzō Abe|Prime Minister||
|United Kingdom|David Cameron|Prime Minister||
|United States|Barack Obama|President||
|rowspan="2"|***European Union***|**José Manuel Barroso**|**Commission President**|
|**Herman Van Rompuy**|**Council President**|||

### Invited leaders

A number of national leaders are traditionally invited to attend the summit.

## Results

On June 4, 2014 on G7 meeting in Brussels leaders of the G7 nations in their joint statement condemned Moscow for its «continuing violation» of Ukraine's sovereignty and say they are prepared to impose further sanctions on Russia over its actions in Ukraine.

The G7 summit on June 4–5, 2014 is the first since Russia was expelled from the group following its annexation of Crimea in March.

## Protesters  and demonstrations

Planning for the summit has to anticipate protest groups and other activists.

## Business opportunity

For some, the G8 summit will be a profit-generating event; as for example, the _G8 Summit_ magazines which have been published since 1998.

## Related pages

- G8

## Other websites

- University of Toronto: G8 Information Centre
- Parliament.uk, Graphic shows G8 in context
Zillur Rahman

**Mohammed Zillur Rahman** (9 March 1929 – 20 March 2013) was the President of Bangladesh between 12 February 2009 and his death. He was a senior member of the Awami League. No other candidate filed to run in the presidential election. Rahman died on March 20, 2013 after being taken to Singapore City from an lung infection, aged 84.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Zillur Rahman

- **office**: President of Bangladesh
- **primeminister**: Sheikh Hasina
- **image**: Zillur Rahman in Dhaka on September 07, 2011.jpg
- **caption**: Rahman in 2011
- **term start**: 12 February 2009
- **term end**: 20 March 2013
- **predecessor**: Iajuddin Ahmed
- **successor**: Abdul Hamid (politician), Abdul Hamid
- **birth name**: Mohammed Zillur Rahman
- **birth place**: Bhairab Upazila, Kishoreganj District, British India
- **death place**: Singapore City, Singapore
- **resting place**: Banani graveyard, Dhaka
- **party**: Bangladesh Awami League, Awami League
- **otherparty**: Grand Alliance (Bangladesh), Grand Alliance
- **spouse**: Ivy Rahman
- **nationality**: British Raj, British Indian (1929–1947)
Pakistani (1947–1971)
Bangladeshi (1971–2013)
- **alma mater**: University of Dhaka
- **education**: MS (history)
Father Ted

***Father Ted*** is an Anglo-Irish sitcom created for Channel 4. It was created by Graham Linehan and Arthur Mathews and produced by Hat Trick Productions. It was shown from 21 April 1995 until 1 May 1998. It is set on a fictional island off the west of Ireland. It is about three Roman Catholic priests who share a house. It stars Dermot Morgan as Father Ted Crilly, Ardal O'Hanlon as Father Dougal McGuire and Frank Kelly as Father Jack Hackett. Pauline McLynn plays their housekeeper Mrs Doyle.
Mohammad Abdul Hamid

**Mohammed Abdul Hamid** (born 1 January 1944) was the 16th President of Bangladesh from 2013 to 2023. He was the Speaker of the National Parliament of Bangladesh from 2009 through 2013.

Hamid was born in Mithamoin in the Kishoreganj District.

He started his political career while a student in Kishoreganj.  He was the vice president of Gurudayal Government College. He later became a lawyer in the Kishoreganj Judge Court. He was president of Kishoreganj Bar Association several times. He has been elected 7 times as a member of Parliament from 1970 to 2009.

On 25 January 2009, he became the Speaker of the National Parliament of Bangladesh. Currently he is the 20th President of Bangladesh.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mohammad Abdul Hamid
- **native name**: মোহাম্মাদ আবদুল হামিদ
- **native name lang**: bn
- **image**: Abdul Hamid - 2014 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Hamid in 2014
- **office**: President of Bangladesh
- **primeminister**: Sheikh Hasina
- **predecessor**: Zillur Rahman
- **successor**: Mohammad Shahabuddin
- **term start**: 14 March 2013
- **term end**: 24 April 2023
- **office1**: Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad
- **predecessor1**: Jamiruddin Sircar
- **successor1**: Shawkat Ali (politician), Shawkat Ali
- **term start1**: 25 January 2009
- **term end1**: 24 April 2013
- **office2**: Deputy Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad
- **predecessor2**: L. K. Siddiqi
- **successor2**: Akhtar Hameed Siddiqui
- **term start2**: 14 July 1996
- **term end2**: 10 July 2001
- **birth place**: Mithamain Upazila, Kamalpur, Bengal Presidency, British Raj, British India
- **party**: Awami League
- **otherparty**: Grand Alliance (Bangladesh), Grand Alliance
- **children**: Rejwan Ahammad Taufiq, Rasel Ahmed Tuhin, Riad Ahmed, Shorna Hamid
- **alma mater**: Gurudayal Government College
- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
Cox's Bazar

**Cox's Bazar**  is a town, a fishing port and district headquarters in Bangladesh. It is known for its wide sandy beach.  It is the world's longest natural sandy sea beach.  It is 150 km south of the port Chittagong. Cox’s Bazar is also known by the name "Panowa".  The modern Cox's Bazar gets its name from Captain Hiram Cox (died 1799), an officer serving in British India.

Today, Cox's Bazar is one of the most-visited tourist destinations in Bangladesh.  It has not yet become a major international tourist destination.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: **Cox's Bazar**
- **native name**: '
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Cox's Bazar-001.jpeg
- **map caption**: Location of Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh
- **pushpin map**: Bangladesh
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Chittagong Division
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **subdivision name2**: Cox's Bazar District
- **area total km2**: 6.85
- **population as of**: 2007 est.
- **population footnotes**: Total population represents population in city and metro represents entire district.
- **population total**: 51918
- **population metro**: 120480
- **population density km2**: 7579.27
- **elevation m**: 3
- **timezone**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset**: +6
Sundarbans

The **Sundarbans** is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world. The Sunderbans is a UNESCO World Heritage Site covering parts of Khulna Division of Bangladesh.

The Sundarbans National Park is a National Park, Tiger Reserve, and a biosphere reserve.  It is in the Sundarbans delta in the Indian state of West Bengal. This region is covered by mangrove forests.  It is one of the largest reserves for the Bengal tiger.

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **child**: yes
- **official name**: The Sundarbans
- **location**: Khulna Division, Bangladesh
- **criteria**: (ix)(x)
- **id**: 798
- **year**: 1997


## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Sundarbans
- **photo**: Sun in Sunderbans.jpg
- **photo caption**: Sun in the Sundarbans
- **map**: Bangladesh#
- **map alt**: The Sundarbans
- **map caption**: Location in Bangladesh
- **location**: Khulna Division, Bangladesh
- **nearest city**: Khulna, Satkhira, Bagerhat
- **governing body**: Government of Bangladesh
Rangpur Division

**Rangpur Division** became Bangladesh's seventh division on January 25, 2010. Before that, it was the northern 8 districts of the Rajshahi Division. The Rangpur division has eight districts: Rangpur, Dinajpur District, Kurigram, Gaibandha, Nilphamari, Panchagarh, Thakurgaon, and Lalmonirhat. There are 58 subdistricts under these eight districts. Rangpur is the northernmost division of Bangladesh.  There were 15,665,000 people at the 2011 Census.
The major cities of this new division are Rangpur and Dinajpur. Rangpur has well-known schools, such as Carmichael College, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur Cadet College, and Begum Rokeya University.

## History

In 1947 it became a part of the former East Pakistan province as a district.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Rangpur Division
- **native name**: রংপুর বিভাগ
- **native name lang**: bn
- **settlement type**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **image map**: Bangladesh location map-Rangpur Division.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Rangpur Division in red
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bangladesh
- **established title**: Established
- **seat type**: Capital
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 16,320.26
- **population total**: 15,665,000
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset1**: +6
Tigon

A **tigon** or **tiglon** is a big cat whose father is a male tiger and whose mother is a female lion. It is smaller than a liger.
Eosinophil granulocyte

**Eosinophil granulocytes**, usually called _eosinophils_ or _eosinophiles_, are granulocyte white blood cells that fight off certain parasites and infections in vertebrates. When they are activated, eosinophils release a cocktail of proteins from their granules, including heparin. Like mast cells and basophils, their main targets are parasites, and they are part causes of the syndromes called asthma and allergy.

Eosinophils make up 1-6% of white blood cells circulating in the body. They are similar in size to neutrophils but have reddish-orange granules (when stained with eosin) and a bilobed nucleus. Eosinophil granulocytes are important defenders against large, multi-cellular parasites, such as worms and flukes. Their numbers increase during a parasitic infection.

## Infobox (cell)

- **name**: Eosinophil
- **image2**: Eosinophil blood smear.JPG
- **caption2**: Eosinophil under the microscope (400x) from a peripheral Blood film, blood smear. Red blood cells surround the eosinophil, two platelets at the top left corner.
- **image**: Blausen 0352 Eosinophil (crop).png
- **caption**: 3D rendering of eosinophil
- **system**: Immune system
- **pronunciation**: )
Christine Milne

**Christine Anne Milne** (born 14 May 1953) was the leader of the Australian Greens between 13 April 2012 and 6 May 2015. She held the position after the previous leader Bob Brown resigned.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Christine Milne
- **image**: Christine Milne profile.jpg
- **imagesize**: 180px
- **office**: Leader of the Australian Greens
- **term start**: 13 April 2012
- **term end**: 6 May 2015
- **predecessor**: Bob Brown
- **successor**: Richard Di Natale
- **deputy**: Adam Bandt
- **office1**: Australian Greens, Deputy Leader of the Australian Greens
- **term start1**: 10 November 2008
- **term end1**: 13 April 2012
- **predecessor1**: _Position established_
- **successor1**: Adam Bandt
- **leader1**: Bob Brown
- **office4**: Australian Senate, Senator for Tasmania
- **term start4**: 1 July 2005
- **term end4**: 10 August 2015
- **successor4**: Nick McKim
- **office2**: Tasmanian Greens#Parliamentary leaders, Leader of the Australian Greens
in Tasmania
- **term start2**: 13 March 1993
- **term end2**: 29 August 1998
- **deputy2**: Peg Putt
- **predecessor2**: Bob Brown
- **successor2**: Peg Putt
- **office3**: Tasmanian Greens, Deputy Leader of the Australian Greens
in Tasmania
- **leader3**: Bob Brown
- **term start3**: 13 May 1992
- **term end3**: 13 March 1993
- **predecessor3**: _Party established_
- **successor3**: Peg Putt
- **office5**: Member of the Parliament of Tasmania, Tasmanian Parliament for Division of Lyons (state), Lyons
- **term start5**: 13 May 1989
- **term end5**: 29 August 1998
- **predecessor5**: Chris Batt
- **successor5**: _Seat abolished_
- **birth name**: Christine Anne Morris
- **birth place**: Latrobe, Tasmania, Latrobe, Tasmania, Australia
- **party**: Australian Greens, Greens (since 1989)
- **otherparty**: Independent politician, Independent (until 1989)
- **children**: 2
- **education**: St Mary's College, Hobart, St Mary's College
Devonport High School
- **alma mater**: University of Tasmania
- **occupation**: School teacher
(Department of Education (Tasmania), Department of Education)
- **profession**: Academic
politician
Aerostatics

**Aerostatics** is the study of gases that are not in motion. The study of gases in motion is called aerodynamics. It is a part of fluid statics.

An aerostat is a lighter than air craft, such as an airship or balloon, which uses the principles of aerostatics to float.

## Fields of study

- Atmospheric pressure fluctuation
- Composition of mountain air
- Cross-section of the atmosphere
- Gas density
- Gas diffusion in soil
- Gas pressure
- Kinetic theory of gases
- Partial pressures in gas mixtures
- Pressure measurement
Khulna

**Khulna** is the fourth largest city in Bangladesh. It is on the banks of the Rupsha and Bhairab rivers in Khulna District. It is the headquarters of Khulna Division.  It is a major industrial and commercial center. It has a seaport named Mongla on its outskirts, 38 km from Khulna City. There were about 1,000,000 people in 2010 estimation.

The city is 333 km southwest of Bangladesh's capital Dhaka.  It is connected by air, road, train and water transportation.

Khulna is known as the city of shrimp, because 75% of shrimp exported from Bangladesh are from the Khulna zone.  It is also known for its lobster, prawn, catfish, and crab.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Khulna
- **settlement type**: Metropolis
- **pushpin map**: Bangladesh
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Administrative District
- **subdivision name1**: Khulna District
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Talukder Abdul Khaleque
- **established title**: Municipal status gained
- **established date**: 1984
- **established title2**: City orporation gained
- **established date2**: 1990
- **area total km2**: 59.57
- **population as of**: 2010 est.
- **population total**: 1,000,000
- **population metro**: 1,435,422
- **population density km2**: 14364
- **timezone**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset**: +6
- **blank name**: National Calling Code
- **blank info**: +880
- **blank1 name**: Telephone numbers in Bangladesh, Calling Code
- **blank1 info**: 041
- **blank3 name**: Postal Code
- **blank3 info**: Khulna GPO 9000 & Khulna Head Office 9100
- **blank2 name**: Literacy rate
- **blank2 info**: 59.1%
- **website**: [http://www.khulnacity.org Khulna City Corporation] [http://www.dckhulna.gov.bd Official Khulna District]
Rajshahi

The city of **Rajshahi** is the headquarters of Rajshahi Division and Rajshahi District.  It is one of the six metropolitan cities of Bangladesh. It is called _Silk City_ and _Education City_. There are around 1,000,000 people. It is on the northern banks of the river Padma.

Rajshahi used to be known as Rampur Boalia.

## Notable people

- Akshay Kumar Maitreya
- Andrew Kishore
- Hasan Azizul Huq
- Ila Mitra
- Ritwik Ghatak
- Sir Jadunath Sarkar
- Mohammad Shamsuzzoha

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Rajshahi,Bangladesh
- **native name**: রাজশাহী
- **nickname**: Education City, Silk City
- **settlement type**: Metropolis
- **image skyline**: Rajshahi panorama.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: Panoramic view of Rajshahi from Sadharan Bima Bhaban
- **pushpin map**: Bangladesh
- **pushpin label position**: center
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Rajshahi in Bangladesh
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Bangladesh
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Rajshahi Division
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **subdivision name2**: Rajshahi District
- **established title**: Establishment
- **established date**: Sometime between 1700-1725
- **established title2**: Establishment of Municipality
- **established date2**: 1876
- **established title3**: Granted city status
- **established date3**: 1991
- **government type**: Municipality
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: A H M Khairuzzaman Liton
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 96.68
- **elevation m**: 18
- **population as of**: 2008 est.
- **population total**: 775495
- **population metro**: 472775
- **population density km2**: 4890
- **timezone**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset**: +6
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 6000
- **blank name**: National Calling Code
- **blank info**: +880
- **blank1 name**: Telephone numbers in Bangladesh, Calling Code
- **blank1 info**: 0721
- **website**: [http://www.erajshahi.gov.bd/index/ Official Website]
Sylhet

**Sylhet** is a major city in north-eastern Bangladesh. It is the main city of Sylhet Division and Sylhet District.  It was given metropolitan city status in March 2009. Sylhet is on the banks of the Surma Valley.  It is surrounded by the Jaintia, Khasi and Tripura hills. The city has almost 500,000 people. It is one of the largest cities in Bangladesh. The Sylhet region is well known for its tea gardens and tropical forests. Sylhet is one of the richest cities in Bangladesh.

The city is called a City of Saints. There is the mausoleum of the great saint Hazrat Shah Jalal, who brought Islam to Bengal during the 14th century.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Sylhet
ꠡꠤꠟꠦꠐ (Silēţ)
- **official name**: Sylhet City Corporation
- **native name lang**: Sylheti
- **settlement type**: Metropolis
- **image skyline**: Sylhet, by Murshed.jpg
- **image map**: Sylhet Map.png
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **blank emblem size**: 50px
- **blank emblem type**: Seal of the Sylhet City Corporation
- **subdivision type1**: Division
- **subdivision name1**: Sylhet Division
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **subdivision name2**: Sylhet District
- **leader party**: Awami League
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Badar Uddin Ahmed Kamran
- **established title**: Metropolitan city status
- **established date**: 31 March 2009
- **established title1**: Sylhet City Corporation
- **established date1**: 9 April 2001
- **established title2**: Township, Municipal Board
- **established date2**: 1867
- **area total km2**: 26.50
- **population as of**: 2008
- **population total**: 463198
- **population density km2**: 17479
- **population blank1 title**: Demonym
- **population blank1**: Sylheti
- **population blank2 title**: Ethnicity
- **population blank2**: 99% Bengali people, Bengali
 1% Manipuri people, Manipuri, Khasi people, Khasi and others
- **demographics type1**: Demographics
- **demographics1 title1**: Languages
- **demographics1 info1**: Sylheti language, Sylheti, Bengali language, Bengali, English
- **demographics1 title2**: Literacy rate
- **demographics1 info2**: 70%
- **timezone1**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset1**: +6
- **postal code type**: Post code
- **postal code**: 3100
- **website**: [http://www.sylhetcitycorporationbd.com/ Official website]
Barisal

**Barisal**, officially known as **Barishal**, ( _Bengali Pron: [boɾiʃal]_) is a town in southern Bangladesh.  It is an old port on the Kirtankhola. It is 142 km (373 km by road) away from the capital city Dhaka. It is now the headquarters of both the Barisal Division and the Barisal District. The city has 30 wards and 50 mahallas. Barisal municipality was formed in 1957 and was turned into a City Corporation in 2000.

Barisal City has one police academy.

## Education

Barisal is a major center for higher education in Bangladesh. A few of city’s education institutions are:

### Universities

- University of Barisal

### Medical College

- Sher e Bangla Medical College

### College

- Brojomohun College
- Government Syed Hatem Ali College
- Barisal Government Women's College
- Amrita Lal Dey College
- Barisal Cadet College

### School

- Barisal Zilla School
- Barisal Govt. Girls' High School

There is also a Physical education college, a Nursing institute and two Teacher's training colleges.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Barisal
- **native name**: বরিশাল
- **other name**: Barishal
- **settlement type**: Cities of Bangladesh, City
- **nickname**: _Venice of the East_
- **pushpin map**: Bangladesh
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Barisal in Bangladesh
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Bangladesh
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **subdivision name1**: Barisal Division
- **subdivision name2**: Barisal District
- **established title**: Municipality Eshtablished
- **established title1**: City Corporation
- **established title3**: Granted city status
- **established date3**: 19 April 2001
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–Council
- **governing body**: Barisal City Corporation
- **leader title**: Mayor, City Mayor
- **area urban km2**: 58
- **elevation ft**: 4
- **population total**: 328,278
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: 10,524
- **population metro**: 385,093
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Bangladesh, Postal code
- **postal code**: 8200
- **website**: [http://www.barisal.gov.bd/ Official Web Portal]
- **timezone**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset**: +6
- **blank1 name**: Telephone numbers in Bangladesh, Calling code
- **blank1 info**: 0431
- **blank2 name**: National calling code
- **blank2 info**: +880
- **blank3 name**: Police
- **blank3 info**: Barisal Metropolitan Police
- **blank4 name**: Domestic airport
- **blank4 info**: Barisal Airport
Bogra

**Bogra** is one of the oldest towns in northern Bangladesh. It is a centre of commerce and trade within the Bogra District.  It is under the Rajshahi Division. They have hosted cricket test matches in Shaheed Chandu Stadium. Bogra is also home to the Western Wing of Bangladesh Highway Police.

Ziaur Rahman, former president of  Bangladesh, and Muhammad Ali Bogra, a former Prime Minister of Pakistan, were both born in the district.

Bogra is often called the heart of North-Bengal.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Bogra
- **other name**: Bogra,Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- **native name**: বগুড়া
- **image skyline**: Bogra Sathmatha.jpg
- **image caption**: Bogra Sathmatha (Heart of Bogra)
- **pushpin map**: Bangladesh
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Bangladesh
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bangladesh
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Rajshahi Division
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **subdivision name2**: Bogra District
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 71.56
- **population as of**: 2001
- **population total**: 210038
- **timezone**: Bangladesh Standard Time, Bangladesh Time
- **utc offset**: +6
- **postal code**: 5800
- **blank name**: Telephone numbers in Bangladesh, Calling code
- **blank info**: 051
- **website**: http://www.dcbogra.gov.bd
Cumilla

**Comilla** is a metropolitan city in south-eastern Bangladesh. It is one of the largest cities in Bangladesh. It is a city beside Dhaka-Chittagong Highway. It is the center of the Comilla District and part of the Chittagong Division. It is one of the oldest cities in Bangladesh.

The Eastern Wing of Bangladesh Highway Police is in Comilla. The Gomti River and Little Feni River pass through the city. The Tropic of Cancer crosses Comilla city on the south side.

The Comilla Victorians are a professional cricket team. They play in the Bangladesh Premier League.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Comilla
- **settlement type**: Metropolis
- **image skyline**: Comilla City (4)-01.jpg
- **image caption**: Cityscapes of Comilla City
- **pushpin map**: Bangladesh
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Region
- **subdivision name**: Bangladesh
- **subdivision name1**: Chittagong Division
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **subdivision name2**: Comilla District
- **leader title**: Mayor–council government, Mayor-Council
- **leader name**: Monirul Haque Sakku
- **area total km2**: 153
- **population as of**: 2017
- **population total**: 1713000
- **population density km2**: 16,500
- **timezone**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset**: +6
Mymensingh

**Mymensingh** is a city of Bangladesh on the river Brahmaputra. It is the capital of Mymensingh Division.  The city is known for institute like Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh Engineering College, Ananda Mohan College, Mymensingh Muminunnesa Women College, Mymensingh Polytechnique Institute and Mymensingh Girls' Cadet College. Other landmark institutions include Mymensingh Army Cantonment. Mymensingh city is about  north of Dhaka which is the capital of the country.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mymensingh
- **native name**: ময়মনসিংহ
- **settlement type**: Metropolis
- **pushpin map**: Bangladesh
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Mymensingh in Bangladesh
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Bangladesh
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Mymensingh Division
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **subdivision name2**: Mymensingh District
- **government type**: City Corporation
- **leader title**: Mayor, City Mayor
- **leader name**: Ekramul Haque Titu
- **established title**: Establishment
- **established date**: 1787
- **established title2**: Granted city status
- **established date2**: 1787
- **population total**: 330,126
- **timezone**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset**: +6
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Bangladesh, Postal code
- **postal code**: 2200, 2201, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206
- **blank1 name**: Telephone numbers in Bangladesh, Calling code
- **blank1 info**: 91
Rangpur

**Rangpur**  may be:

- Rangpur (fruit), citrus fruit

- Places
- Rangpur, India, in Gujarat, India
- Rangpur (Ahom capital), capital of Ahom kingdom, the present Sibsagar town in Assam, India
- Rangpur Division, in Bangladesh
    - Rangpur District, in Bangladesh
    - Rangpur, Bangladesh, administrative centre of Rangpur District, Bangladesh
- Rangpur, Punjab, village in Punjab, Pakistan
Rangpur, Bangladesh

**Rangpur** is one of the major cities in Bangladesh. Rangpur is the centre of northwestern Bangladesh. Rangpur used to be the headquarter of _Greater Rangpur_ district. Later the Greater Rangpur district was broken down into Rangpur, Kurigram, Nilphamari, Lalmonirhat and Gaibandha districts. A public university "Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur" was recently started in the southern part of the city.

## Places of interest

- Tajhat Palace is at Tajhat, the southern end of Rangpur city. In 2004, it was largely fixed and turned into a museum.
- Carmichael College is in the southern part of the city.  It is just a few minutes drive from the city centre.
- Rangpur Zilla School, formed more than a century ago.

## Education

Major schools in the city include:

- Begum Rokeya College
- Carmichael College
- Colectorate School and College
- Policelines School and College
- Rangpur Cadet College
- Rangpur Cantonment Public College
- Rangpur Government College
- Rangpur Medical College
- Rangpur Polytechnic Institute
- Rangpur University
- Rangpur Zilla School

## Notable residents

- William Beveridge, British economist who wrote the _Beveridge Report_.
- Begum Rokeya Shakhawat Hossain who was most famous for her efforts on behalf of gender equality and other social issues.
- Hussain Muhammad Ershad, former President of Bangladesh.
- Nasir Hossain, prominent Bangladeshi all-round cricketer.
- Anisul Hoque, author, novelist, dramatist, and journalist.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Rangpur
- **native name**: রংপুর
- **pushpin map**: Bangladesh
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Bangladesh
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bangladesh
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Rangpur Division
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **subdivision name2**: Rangpur District
- **timezone**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **utc offset**: +6
Elizabeth Hurley

**Elizabeth Jane Hurley** (born 10 June 1965) is a British actress and model. She was born in Basingstoke, Hampshire. She played Vanessa Kensington in _Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery_ and _Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me_. She played the Devil in _Bedazzled_.  She currently owns her own beachwear line.  Hurley has been with the cosmetics company Estée Lauder for over 15 years.  They gave Hurley her first modelling job at the age of 29.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1987|_Aria_|Marietta|||
|1986|_Inspector Morse_|Julia|1 episode: _Last Seen Wearing_||
|1988|_Rowing with the Wind_|Claire Clairmont|Gonzalo Suárez film||
|1988|_Christabel_|Christabel Bielenberg|BBC serial||
|1988|_Rumpole of the Bailey_|Rosie Japhet|1 episode: _Rumpole and the Barrow Boy_||
|1989|_Act of Will_|Christina|TV series||
|1990|_Death Has a Bad Reputation_|Julia Latham|TV serial||
|1990|_Kill Cruise_|Lou|Peter Keglevic film||
|1991|__|Natalie|1 episode: _Natalie_||
|1992|__|Candida Ashton|1 episode: _Relative Values_||
|1992|_El largo invierno_|Emma Stapleton|Jaime Camino film||
|1992|__|Vicky Prentiss|1 episode: _London, May 1916_||
|1992|_Passenger 57_|Sabrina Ritchie|Kevin Hooks film||
|1994|_Beyond Bedlam (Nightscare)_|Stephanie Lyell|Vadim Jean film||
|1994|_Sharpe's Enemy_|Lady Farthingdale|One episode||
|1995|__|Cecilia Harrison|James Frawley TV movie||
|1995|_Mad Dogs and Englishmen_|Antonia Dyer|Henry Cole film||
|1996|_Harrison: Cry of the City_|Cecilia Harrison|James Frawley TV movie||
|1996|_Samson and Delilah_|Delilah|Nicolas Roeg TV movie||
|1997|_Dangerous Ground_|Karen|Darrell Roodt film||
|1997|_Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery_|Vanessa Kensington|Jay Roach film||
|1998|_Permanent Midnight_|Sandra|David Veloz film||
|1999|_My Favorite Martian_|Brace Channing|Donald Petrie film||
|1999|_EDtv_|Jill|Ron Howard film||
|1999|_Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me_|Vanessa|Jay Roach film||
|2000|__|Adaline Gunn|Kathryn Bigelow film||
|2000|_Bedazzled_|The Devil|Harold Ramis film||
|2001|_Double Whammy_|Dr. Ann Beamer|Tom DiCillo film||
|2002|_Dawg_|Anna Lockheart|Victoria Hochberg film||
|2002|_Serving Sara_|Sara Moore|Reginald Hudlin film||
|2004|_Method_|Rebecca|Duncan Roy film||
|2006|__||Jim Fitzpatrick film||
|2011|_Wonder Woman_ (TV series)|Veronica Cale|David E. Kelley  – Cancelled||
|2011–present|_Gossip Girl_ (TV series)|Diana Payne|15 episodes (recurring)||

- Theatre

- The Cherry Orchard – A Jubilee (Russian & Soviet Arts Festival)
- The Man Most Likely To (Middle East tour)

- Documentary film

- _Signé Chanel_ (2005) ... Herself
- _Valentino: The Last Emperor_ (2008) ... Herself

## Other websites

- Fashion Model Directory

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Elizabeth Hurley
- **image**: Lizhurley oct2010.jpg
- **caption**: Elizabeth Hurley in October 2010
- **birth place**: Basingstoke, Hampshire, England
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **occupation**: Actress, model (person), model
Sledgehammer Games

**Sledgehammer Games** is an American video game developer. It was founded in 2009 by Glen Schofield and Michael Condrey, who worked at Visceral Games and have been an important of the _Dead Space_ franchise development.

## History

Sledgehammer Games began to work on a  _Call of Duty_ third-person shooter in 2009, which would have changed the series dramatically: they planned to turn it into an adventure game. But when Jason West and Vince Zampella, and many other employees from left Infinity Ward in spring 2010, Activision stopped the developement of that new game. Instead, they asked Sledgehammer Games to work with Infinity Ward to develop _Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3_ together. Sledgehammer Games had spent six months working on the _Call of Duty_ third-person shooter before they began working with Infinity Ward. In October 2011, Sledgehammer Games have said that they will likely cancel the third-person shooter development, but will maybe continue developing in the future.

## Reception

Sledgehammer's first title, _Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3_, sold 6.8 million copies in the US and UK alone and grossed $470 million within 24 hours. It grossed more than $775 million globally in the first 5 days. _Modern Warfare 3_ also topped the UK video game sales chart in the first seven days. By November 21, 2011, the game was the bestselling title in the United Kingdom, sales dropping by 87%. _Modern Warfare 3_ was still the top spot on the UK charts in the third and fourth week. The PS3 version of _Modern Warfare 3_ also topped the Japanese chart in its first week on sale. The PS3 version sold 180,372 copies, while the Xbox 360 version sold around 30,000.

## Games

|Title|Engine|Release date|Platform(s)|Reception|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|_Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3_ (with Infinity Ward)|MW3 engine|November 8, 2011|Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii|88.49%|

## Other websites

- _Call of Duty_ website
- Activision website

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: SledgeHammer games
- **company logo**: Sledgehammer-new-logo.svg
- **company type**: Subsidiary of Activision
- **location**: Foster City, California, United States, USA
- **key people**: Glen Schofield (GM/CEO) Michael Condrey (VP/COO)
- **industry**: Interactive entertainment Video game industry
- **products**: _Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3_
- **owner**: Activision Blizzard
- **parent**: Activision