juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Hafez

**Khwajeh Shams al-Din Muhammad Hafez-e Shirazi** (also spelled **Hafiz**) (born between 1310 and 1337, believed to have died at age 69) () or **Hafez** is a Persian poet. Hafez was born in Shiraz, Iran. Hafez learnt the Quran by heart at an early age. His poems are collected in Divan e Hafez. William Jones translated his work into English in 1771.

## Life

Despite his profound effect on Persian life and culture and his enduring popularity and influence, few details of his life are known, and particularly about his early life there is a great deal of more or less mythical anecdote. Some of the early tazkeras (biographical sketches) mentioning Hafez are generally considered unreliable. One early document discussing Hafez' life is the preface of his Divān, which was written by an unknown contemporary of Hafez whose name may have been Moḥammad Golandām. The generally accepted modern edition of Hafez's Divān is known as _Qazvini-Ḡani_, edited by Moḥammad Qazvini and Qāsem Ḡani.

## Legends of Hafez

Many semi-miraculous mythical tales were woven around Hāfez after his death. Four of them are:
- It is said that, by listening to his father's recitations, Hāfez had accomplished the task of learning the Qur'an by heart, at an early age (that is in fact the meaning of the word _Hafez_). At the same time Hāfez is said to have known by heart, the works of Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, Saadi, Farid ud-Din and Nezami.

- According to one tradition, before meeting Hajji Zayn al-Attar, Hāfez had been working in a local bakery. Hāfez delivered bread to a rich quarter of the town where he saw Shakh-e Nabat, allegedly a woman of great beauty, to whom some of his poems are addressed. In the knowledge that his love for her would not be requited and ravished by her beauty, he allegedly had his first mystic vigil in his desire to realize this union, whereupon, overcome by a being of a surpassing beauty (who identifies himself as an angel), he begins his mystic path of realization, in pursuit of spiritual union with the divine. The obvious Western parallel is that of Dante and Beatrice.

- At age 60 he is said to have begun a _chelleh-nashini_, a 40-day-and-night vigil by sitting in a circle which he had drawn for himself. On the 40th day, he once again met with Zayn al-Attar on what is known to be their fortieth anniversary and was offered a cup of wine. It was there where he is said to have attained "Cosmic Consciousness". Hāfez hints at this episode in one of his verses where he advises the reader to attain "clarity of wine" by letting it "sit for 40 days".

- In one famous tale, the famed conqueror Tamerlane angrily summoned Hāfez to him to give him an explanation for one of his verses
Forough Farrokhzad

**Forough Farrokhzad** (January 5, 1935 — February 13, 1967) () was an Iranian poet. She lived in Tehran. In 1967, she died in a car accident. She was thirty-two. Maryam Dilmaghani translated her poems to English in 2006.
Ahmad Shamlou

**Ahmad Shamlou** (December 12, 1925 – July 24, 2000) () or **Shamlou** was a Persian poet, writer and journalist. In 1954, he was arrested. He was freed in 1955. Shamlou published more than seventy books. He wrote short stories, novels, plays, essays and poems.  He died in Tehran and was buried in Karaj.
Parvin E'tesami

**Parvin E'tesami** (March 17, 1907 – April 5, 1941; ) is an Iranian poet. She was daughter of Yosuf E'tesami, Iranian poet and writer. She started poetry when she was 9. Alladin Pazargadi translated her works from Persian into English in 2000.
Hafiz

**Hafiz** or **Hafez** may mean:
- Hafez or Khwajeh Shams al-Din Muhammad Hafez-e Shirazi, an Iranian mystic and poet. Sometimes credited as "Hafiz" or "Hafiz of Shiraz".
- Hafiz (Quran), a term used by Muslims for people who have completely memorized the Qur'an
- al-Hafiz (d. 1149), the eleventh Caliph of the Fatimids
- Hafez al-Assad (1930-2000), president of Syria from 1971 to 2000
- Mohamed Ali Hafez, Egyptian Federation for Scouts and Girl Guides Scouting notable, awardee of the Bronze Wolf in 1965
- Hafiz, a former member of the Malaysian rock band One Buck Short.
Postfix notation

**Postfix notation** is a mathematical notation. It is a way to write down equations and other mathematical formulae. Postfix notation is also known as **Reverse Polish Notation**. The notation was invented by Charles Hamblin in 1920. He wanted to simplify writing logic equations. He used Jan Łukasiewicz's prefix notation.

When postfix notation is used, no grouping elements (like parenthesis) are needed.

Some computer languages, like Postscript use Postfix notation. It is also used in some models of Hewlett-Packard calculators

With postfix notation, the operations are noted after their arguments. Because of this, postfix is relatively easy to do with computers that have a stack to do calculations.

## Further Explanation

Reverse Polish Notation uses a system that involve "stacks", each of which stores a certain value in specific ranks. The stacks usually start off with the first stack (often called the X stack), followed by the second stack (often called the Y stack), the third stack, and so on. New values can be entered on the first stack by pushing up the stack ranks by one. On a Reverse Polish Notation calculator, the "Enter" function would do the same.

Using a common operator (plus, minus, multiply, or divide) will make the operator act from the first stack to the second stack. For example, the Reverse Polish Notation "12 3 /" means "take the numbers 12 and 3, then divide 12 by 3". On a Reverse Polish Calculator, this is written as "12 Enter 3 /", to denote each declared ranking up of the stacks.

Reverse Polish Notation is able to deal with expressions involving brackets too. Suppose there is a normal equation "4 * (5 + 8)". In Reverse Polish Notation, this expression will be formatted as "5 8 + 4 *". The "5 8 +" part refers to the bracket "5 + 8" to equal 13. The "4 *" part refers to multiplying the result together to get 52. On that step, the resulting stack from adding 5 and 8 is automatically raised one rank after adding in the new value 4. Then using the multiply operator will multiply the sum of 5 and 8 by 4 will equal 52.

Documentation included with early Hewlett-Packard calculators explained RPN as the same method you would use to evaluate an expression using paper and pencil. Basically, first you write down the arguments and then perform the arithmetic function. From the calculator's perspective, you must provide the argument(s) before calling the function. The benefit of a calculator with RPN is that you are always certain to which numbers (or intermediate calculation results) a function is being applied.

## Infobox (notation)

- **logo**:
Infix notation

**Infix notation** is the commonly used arithmetic and logical formula notation. The operators are written between the operands they act on (e.g. 2 **+** 2). It is not as simple to parse by computer as prefix notation ( e.g. **+** 2 2 ) or postfix notation ( e.g. 2 2 **+** ), but many programming languages use it due to its familiarity.

In infix notation, parentheses are necessary to show the order of the operations. In prefix or postfix notation no parenthesis are needed.

When there are no parentheses, there are rules that show the order of operations. The rules are explained in the order of operations article.

## Related pages

- postfix notation, also called _Reverse Polish notation_
- prefix notation, also called _Polish notation_
- Shunting yard algorithm, used to convert infix notation to postfix notation or to a tree

## Other websites

- _RPN or DAL? A brief analysis of Reverse Polish Notation against Direct Algebraic Logic_

## Infobox (notation)

- **logo**:
Fiqh

**Fiqh** or **Islamic jurisprudence** () is an expansion of Sharia law and is meant to be used with fatwas by Islamic clerics (known as 'Ulema' in Arabic) to help Muslims not break Sharia law. Fiqh is a section of Islamic law which deals with acts of Muslim, that includes both worship and daily life actions.
In Sunni Islam there are four main and two minor schools of thought, they are:

- Hanafi
- Maliki
- Shafi'i
- Hanbali
- Zahiri
- Thawri

Islamic jurisprudence or Fiqh illustrates Islamic Law for Acts of Worship such as Prayer, Zakat, Fasting, Hajj, and Purification.

The different schools of thought are not different beliefs but different views.

In Shia Islam there is one main school of thought, it is called Ja'fari.
Dir en grey

**Dir en grey** is a metal band from Japan. They began in 1997. They have recorded twenty eight singles, three EPs and eight albums, of which they have released three in Europe and two in the United States.

Vocalist Kyo uses growl, falset, mixvoice and hoistle voice in their music. Their music mixes rock and metal with tribal music. Many visual kei bands are influenced by Dir en grey.

## Members

- Kyo (京) – vocals
- Kaoru (薫) – guitar
- Die – guitar
- Toshiya – bass
- Shinya – drums

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Gauze_ (1999)
- _Macabre_ (2000)
- _Kisou_ (2002)
- _Vulgar_ (2003)
- _Withering to Death._ (2005)
- _The Marrow of a Bone_ (2007)
- _Uroboros_ (2008)
- _Dum Spiro Spero_ (2011)
- _Arche_ (2014)
- _The Insulated World_ (2018)
- _Phalaris_ (2022)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Dir En Grey
- **img**: Dir en grey.jpg
- **img alt**: Dir En Grey in 2006
- **img capt**: Dir En Grey in 2006
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Osaka, Japan
- **genre**: Avant-garde metal, Experimental metal, alternative metal, metalcore, death metal, progressive metal
- **years active**: 1997–present
- **label**: Free-Will#Sub-divisions, Firewall Div., Sony Music Entertainment Japan, SMEJ, Okami Records, Okami, The End Records, The End, Gan-Shin, Warcon Enterprises
- **associated acts**: La:Sadie's
- **current members**: Kyo (musician), Kyo
Kaoru (musician), Kaoru
Die (musician), Die
Toshiya (musician), Toshiya
Shinya (musician), Shinya
Yucatán Peninsula

The **Yucatán Peninsula** is a peninsula in North America. It separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico. The peninsula is east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a northwestern geographic divider, separating Central America from the rest of North America.

Before the conquistador<nowiki/>es came, the peninsula was the home of the Mayan civilization.

The peninsula includes the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche, and Quintana Roo; the northern part of Belize; and Guatemala's northern department of El Petén.  Mexican states on the isthmus to the south and west of the peninsula include Chiapas and Tabasco.

The Chicxulub crater is on the north coast. It is believed to be made by the impact that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Clarksville, Tennessee

**Clarksville** is a city in Montgomery County, Tennessee, USA. Clarksville is the county seat of Montgomery County and is Tennessee's fifth largest city. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 166,722. Clarksville is the central city of the Clarksville metropolitan area, which is made up of Montgomery and Stewart counties in Tennessee, and Christian and Trigg counties in Kentucky.

The city has several nicknames: "The Queen City", "Gateway to the New South", and "Clarksvegas" (The name of a former bar in town).

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Clarksville, Tennessee
- **settlement type**: City
- **nicknames**: Queen of the Cumberland
Gateway to the New South
Tennessee's Top Spot
- **image skyline**: Downtown Clarksville TN.jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Clarksville
- **image flag**: File:ClarksvilleTNflag.gif
- **image map**: File:Montgomery County Tennessee Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Clarksville Highlighted 4715160.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Clarksville in Montgomery County, Tennessee.
- **pushpin map**: Tennessee#USA
- **pushpin label**: Clarksville
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Tennessee, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Tennessee
- **subdivision name2**: Montgomery County, Tennessee, Montgomery
- **established title**: Founded:
- **established title2**: Incorporated:
- **established date**: 1784
- **established date2**: 1808
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **area total sq mi**: 100.28
- **area land sq mi**: 99.58
- **area water sq mi**: 0.70
- **area total km2**: 259.72
- **area land km2**: 257.91
- **area water km2**: 1.81
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 166722
- **population rank**: US: List of United States cities by population, 159th
- **population urban**: 200,947 (US: List of United States urban areas, 190th)
- **population density urban sq mi**: 1,776.9
- **population metro**: 320,535 (US: Metropolitan statistical area, 164th)
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation ft**: 476
- **website**: [http://www.cityofclarksville.com/ cityofclarksville.com]
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 37040-37044
- **area code**: Area code 931, 931
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 47-15160
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1269467
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population density sq mi**: 1677.3
Wembley Stadium (1923)

**Wembley Stadium** was a sports arena in London , England. It was built in 1923 and was first known as the **Empire Stadium**, but because the area it was in is named "Wembley," it was renamed "Wembley Stadium." It featured twin towers by the entrance.

As well as being a sports arena, it had also been the site for several concerts. The most famous one is the Live Aid concert held there in July of 1985.

In 2000, Wembley Stadium was closed. In 2003, it was demolished, and a brand-new stadium with the same name was put up in its place.
Inch of mercury

The **inch of mercury** (**inHg** or **"Hg**) was a non-SI unit of pressure. It was used for measuring barometric pressure, (the thickness of air), in weather forecasts, and aviation (flying), but was replaced by the pascal.

It is the amount of pressure that a column of mercury that is one inch tall has at 0 °C at the standard acceleration of gravity, or how fast things speed up as they are falling because of gravity.

- 1 inHg at 0 °C = 3,386.389 Pa.
Lou Costello

**Louis Francis Cristillo** (March 6, 1906 – March 3, 1959), better known as **Lou Costello**, was an American comedian, actor and producer. He was best known for his double act with straight man Bud Abbott and their routine "Who's on First?".

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Lou Costello in Africa Screams.jpg
- **caption**: Costello in _Africa Screams_ (1949)
- **birth name**: Louis Francis Cristillo
- **birth place**: Paterson, New Jersey, U.S.
- **death place**: Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
- **resting place**: Calvary Cemetery (Los Angeles)
- **years active**: 1926–1959
- **children**: 4
- **parents**: Sebastiano Cristillo and Helen Rege
- **family**: Pat Costello (actor), Pat Costello (brother)
Seth Adkins

**Seth Elijah Adkins** (born December 21, 1989) is an American actor. He made his debut in the mid-1990s as a child artiste in the TV shows Small Talk and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch in 1996 and the films ...First Do No Harm and _Titanic_ in 1997. He later made a successful transition to an adult performer. One of his most recent roles was in Matt Reeves' Let Me In (2010). He is also the current actor for Walt Disney's Pinocchio.

## Personal life

Adkins was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He has two elder brothers, Zachary (b. 1983) and Josh (b. 1986). His father is a principal and his mother a former teacher. At an early age and with the support of his parents, Adkins followed his older brother into the acting profession. He graduated in 2008 from the Public Academy for Performing Arts.

## Career

Adkins made his debut in 1996, in the shows Small Talk and in Sabrina, the Teenage Witch. He appeared in the series ER, and C-16: FBI, and in the films ...First Do No Harm, Stir, Titanic. He voiced Duby in the film Baby Geniuses. He had a role in the television movie Wuthering Heights, and in the feature films Funky Monkey, Bad News Bears, Privileged, and Let Me In. Adkins also appeared in the television series CSI: Miami and Touched by an Angel, Judging Amy, NCIS: Naval Criminal Investigative Service, and Crash.

## Other websites

- Seth Adkins's official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Seth Adkins
- **birth name**: Seth Elijah Adkins
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Actor
Claude Akins

**Claude Marion Akins** was an American actor (born May 25, 1926, in Nelson, Georgia - died January 27, 1994, in Altadena, California). With his big body and deep voice, Akins usually played the clever (or less than clever) tough guy, on the side of good or bad, in movies and television. He is famous as _Sheriff Lobo_ in the 1970s TV series _B.J. and the Bear_, and later _The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo_, a spinoff series.

## Other websites

- _Safety Shorts _

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Claude Akins
- **image**: Claude Aikins.jpg
- **birthname**: Claude Marion Akins
- **birth place**: Nelson, Georgia, Nelson, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, United States
- **death place**: Altadena, California
- **yearsactive**: 1956-1994
- **known for**: Playing "Sheriff Lobo" in _B.J. and the Bear_
Don Adams

**Don Adams** (April 13, 1923 – September 25, 2005), born **Donald James Yarmy**, was an American actor, comedian and director. He was best known for his role as Maxwell Smart (Agent 86) in the TV situation comedy _Get Smart_ (1965–1970, 1995), for which he also directed and wrote. Adams won three consecutive Emmy Awards for his role (1967–1969). He was also famous for voicing the cartoon characters Tennessee Tuxedo and Inspector Gadget.

## Other websites

- The Get Smart Page
- Don Adams, Television's Maxwell Smart, Dies at 82
- When Being Funny Means Having to Say You're Sorry About That, Chief
- _Guardian_ obituary and obituary letter
- Find A Grave link

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Don Adams
- **image**: Don Adams 1969.JPG
- **caption**: Adams in July 1969
- **birthname**: Donald James Yarmy
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Cancer
- **burial place**: Hollywood Forever Cemetery, Los Angeles, California U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **education**: DeWitt Clinton High School
- **occupation**: Actor, comedian, director
- **years active**: 1954–2000
- **spouse**: Judy Luciano <small>(1977–1990, divorced)</small>

Dorothy Bracken <small>(1960–1976, divorced)</small>
Adelaide Efantis Adams <small>(1945–1960, divorced)</small>
- **children**: 7
- **parents**: William Yarmy, Consuelo Morgan
- **known for**: Acting roles:
 "Maxwell Smart/Agent 86" in _Get Smart_
"Inspector Gadget (voice)" in _Inspector Gadget_
"Tennessee Tuxedo"
- **awards**: **Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor - Comedy Series**
1967, 1968, 1969 – _Get Smart_
Ben Affleck

**Benjamin Géza Affleck-Boldt** (born August 15, 1972) is an American actor, movie director, producer and screenwriter. He became well known in the late 1990s, after acting in the movie _Good Will Hunting_. He has since become a Hollywood star having acted in several movies.

Affleck began playing the role of Batman in the DC Extended Universe beginning with the 2016 movie _Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice_.

## Family background

Affleck was born in Berkeley, California and grew up in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His mother, Christine Anne "Chris" Affleck (née Boldt), was a school district employee and teacher. His father, Timothy Byers Affleck, has been a drug counselor, social worker, janitor, auto mechanic, bartender, writer, director, and actor with the Theater Company of Boston. After learning that he had slave-owning ancestors from Savannah, Georgia, he tried to hide it but got caught and apologized.

Affleck's mother was a freedom rider in the 1960s; until her retirement, she was a public school teacher in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His younger brother is actor Casey Affleck. He has English, Irish, Scottish, German, Swedish, Swiss, Northern Irish (Scots-Irish), Welsh and French ancestry. The surname "Affleck" is of Scottish origin, and his middle name, "Géza", was the name of a family friend. He was raised in a mostly Episcopalian family.

On June 29, 2005, he married actress Jennifer Garner, with whom he has two daughters: Violet Anne (born December 1, 2005) and Seraphina Rose Elizabeth (born January 6, 2009), and a son, Samuel Garner (born February 27, 2012). In June 2015, they announced their separation. They divorced on October 4, 2018. In the summer of 2021, media reports surfaced that Affleck had reunited with Jennifer Lopez, which was soon confirmed by the couple themselves. On July 16, 2022, they married in Las Vegas. The couple had been separated since April 26, 2024, and Lopez filed for divorce on August 20.

## Other websites

- Entwagon.com : Ben Affleck
- A thorough Biography

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ben Affleck
- **image**: Ben Affleck by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg
- **caption**: Affleck in 2017
- **birth name**: Benjamin Géza Affleck-Bolt
- **birth place**: Berkeley, California, Berkeley, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, movie director, director, movie producer, producer, screenwriter
- **alma mater**: Occidental College
University of Vermont
Rede Globo de Televisão
- **years active**: 1981–present
- **spouse**:

- **family**: Casey Affleck (brother)
- **children**: 3
- **nationality**: Americans, American
The Cosby Show

***The Cosby Show*** was an American television sitcom series starring Bill Cosby, first broadcast on September 20, 1984 and ran for eight seasons on the NBC television network, until April 30, 1992.

The series was based on comedy routines in Cosby's stand-up comedy act, which in turn were based on his family life.

The show was about the Cosby family, an upper middle class African-American family living in Brooklyn, New York City.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Cosby Show - Logo.png
- **runtime**: 24 minutes
(per episode)
- **creator**: Bill Cosby
Ed. Weinberger
Michael J. Leeson
- **starring**: Bill Cosby
Phylicia Rashad
Sabrina Le Beauf (1985-1992)
Lisa Bonet (1984-1987), (1989-1991)
Malcolm-Jamal Warner
Tempestt Bledsoe
Keshia Knight Pulliam
Geoffrey Owens (1985-1992)
Joseph C. Phillips (1989-1991)
Raven-Symoné (1989-1992)
 Erika Alexander (1990-1992)
- **opentheme**: "Kiss Me" - written by
Stu Gardner & Bill Cosby
performed by:
Bobby McFerrin
(Season 4)
Oregon Symphony
(Season 5)
Craig Handy
(Seasons 6-7)
Lester Bowie
(Season 8)
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **network**: NBC
- **num episodes**: List of The Cosby Show episodes, 201
Wembley Stadium

**Wembley Stadium** is a football stadium in London, England.  It was built from 2003 to 2007 in the same spot that the first Wembley Stadium was built. It holds 90,000 seats. The new stadium features an arch that was designed not to cast a shadow over the stadium while games are played and to help hold part of the roof up. The FA Cup final is played at and both FA Cup semi-finals as well. It also hosts the League Cup final and several other English cup finals. The England national football team play their home matches here.

As well as sports, the new Wembley Stadium, like the first one, is also used for concerts. Metallica, Muse, and George Michael have performed there.  Also, the Concert for Diana was held there on July 1, 2007, and the London Live Earth concert was held there six days later, on July 7.

The new Wembley also hosts NFL games as part of the NFL International Series. The first NFL game there was the New York Giants and the Miami Dolphins. The Jacksonville Jaguars currently have a deal to play one home game in London from 2013 to 2020. Wembley stadium now has the rule of no bags allowed in  the stadium following the example from previous NFL games. Anything bigger than an A4 sized bag will result in a 10 pounds charge to store it.

Wembley also hosts the 2024 UEFA Champions League final.

## Related pages

- Wembley Stadium (1923)

## Infobox (venue)

- **name**: Wembley Stadium
- **nickname**: "The Home of Football"
New Wembley
- **fullname**: Wembley Stadium
- **image**: London Wembley.jpg
- **caption**: **UEFA Elite stadium, UEFA**
- **location**: Wembley, London, England
- **built**: 2003–2007
- **owner**: The Football Association
- **operator**: Wembley National Stadium Limited
- **surface**: Desso GrassMaster
- **capacity**: 90,000 (Association football, rugby league, rugby union, boxing)
75,000 to 90,000 seated and 15,000 standing (concerts)
60,000 to 72,000 (athletics)
86,000 to 87,000 (UEFA capacity)
86,000 (American football)
- **suites**: 166
- **record attendance**: **Football**:  (Cardiff City F.C., Cardiff City vs Portsmouth F.C., Portsmouth, 2008 FA Cup Final, 17 May 2008)
**Concert**:  (Adele, June 2017)
- **tenants**: England national football team (2007–present)
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. (2017–2019; UEFA Matches 2016-2019)
Port Dover Composite School

**Port Dover Composite School** was a public high school in Port Dover, Ontario, Canada. The high school was open to both men and women. There were no school uniforms and it is free for Canadian citizens to attend from ages 14 to 21 years of age. In the past, the school hosted a dinosaur music party in French as well as other special events.

This high school was officially closed on January 31, 2013 due to an increasing amount of elderly people in the area and a decreasing amount of children and young people.
Rouben Mamoulian

**Rouben Mamoulian** (Armenian: Ռուբեն Մամուլյան) (October 8, 1897 – December 4, 1987) was an Armenian-American movie and theatre director.

Born in Tbilisi, Georgia (ruled at that time by imperial Russia) to an Armenian family, Rouben relocated to England and started directing plays in London in 1922. He moved to America the next year to teach in Eastman School of Music and was involved in directing opera and theatre. In 1930, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.
Ivan Aivazovsky

**Ivan Aivazovsky** (Russian: Иван Константинович Айвазовский, Armenian: Հովհաննես Այվազովսկի - Hovhannes Aivazovsky July 29, 1817 – May 5, 1900) was an Armenian painter, most famous for his seascapes, which make up more than half of his paintings.
Thistle tube

A **thistle tube** is a piece of laboratory glassware used to add liquid to beakers of other liquids, or sometimes to other pieces of equipment.

## Characteristics

A thistle tube is a long hollow pole of glass which has a funnel at the top. Liquid is put into the top and travels down the tube and comes out the thin end of the tube in small drips which can be used anywhere. It is usually quite precise.

## Other websites

- Information on the function of a thistle tube
- Thistle Tube feeders for birds merchandise
World Meteorological Organization

The **World Meteorological Organization** (WMO) is an international organization with a membership of 188 Member States and Territories. It was originally known as the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), which was founded in 1873.

In 1950, the United Nations created the WMO for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. The current president is Alexander Bedritsky and the current Secretary-General is Michel Jarraud<nowiki/>who were both elected by the 14th World Meteorological Congress in 2003.

## World Meteorological Day

- World Meteorological Day is celebrated every year on March 23 which was founded by the organization itself.

## Other websites

- World Meteorological Organization
- Founding charter
- NOAA: Retired Hurricane Names
- WMO country codes
Static mixer

A **static mixer** is a piece of equipment that is used to mix liquids in laboratories. It has a unique shape.

## Structure

A static mixer is made up of rectangular plates twisted around at 180° so that they make a double-helix shape.

Liquids flow along the curves of the static mixer and also are separated by the smooth sides of the mixer. The mixer can also be turned clockwise, or right, and then quickly turned counter-clockwise, or left. This creates opposite currents in the liquid and mixes it more efficiently.

## Uses

The static mixer can be used to mix acids and alkalis for a neutralization. It can also be used to mix two liquids that normally wouldn't mix, like oil and water (see emulsion). It separates the particles of the water and oil until they become so small that they mix.

## Advantages

- Simple shape - easy to clean
- Doesn't need electricity - saves money and can be used in otherwise explosive areas
- Manual - easy to use

## Related pages

- Separating funnel

## Other websites

- In depth article on Static mixers directed towards students
- In depth article on Static mixers
- Different types of Static Mixers
Komárno

**Komárno** is a town in the southwest of Slovakia. It is an important, historical town which is famous for having a historical fortification.

The river Váh flows into the Danube at Komárno. The Danube at this point forms the border between the countries Slovakia and Hungary.  The Hungarian name for the town is Komárom.

## History

At first there was just one town, with the Danube flowing through the middle of the town. Since the end of World War I, when Czechoslovakia became a separate country from Hungary, the town has been split into two: Komárno is on the left (north) bank of the river, now in Slovakia, and Komárom is on the right (south) bank of the river, in Hungary.  Komárno has a population of 37.000 and Komárom has a population of 19.600.  The two towns are joined by a bridge.

People have lived in the area of Komárno for thousands of years. The first castle was built in the 10th century.  In 1244 a law was made which said that every merchant who sailed a boat down the Danube past Komárno had to stop for several days in Komárno and unload all the cargo so that people could buy it if they wanted. If the merchant did not want to do this he had to pay a large duty (amount of money) to continue his journey. This law was stopped in 1751.

In the 15th century Komárno had become very important.  The rulers and the court of the kingdom of Hungary often stayed there.  The fortress was very powerful and they managed to fight off Turkish invaders after the Turks had already captured Esztergom and Buda.  The fort was badly damaged in 1783 in an earthquake, but it was built up again because of the Napoleonic wars.

Today Komárno is a nice town to visit. There are many tourist attractions, especially the fort which is on the Hungarian side of the town (Komárom).  There are also spa health centres where people can swim or bathe gently in the waters which help to make people who are ill healthy again.

## Notable people

Famous people who were born in Komárno are:

- Mór Jókai, (1825-1904), a famous Hungarian writer
- Franz Lehár (1870-1948) – the Hungarian-born Austrian composer who wrote popular operettas such as "The Merry Widow"
- Slovak-born Canadian Hollywood movie director Ivan Reitman (1946- )
Komarno

**Komarno** (, , ) is a city in the Horodok Raion (district) of the Lviv Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. 4,000 people live there. It was founded in 1324. In the center of town is an old Polish Kostel (Catholic Church). There is also an old wooden church with ancient icons. The river Vereshytsia flows through the town.

The Hasidic dynasty of Komarno comes from this town.
Sunscreen

**Sunscreen** (also known as **sunblock**, or **sun cream**) is a photo-protective topical product that helps prevent skin damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by the sun. It reduces sunburn and other skin damage, with the goal of lowering your risk of skin cancer.

The most effective sunscreens protect against both UVB (ultraviolet radiation with wavelength between 290 and 320 nanometres), which can cause sunburn, and UVA (between 320 and 400 nanometres), which damages the skin with more long-term effects, such as premature skin aging. Most sunscreens work by containing either a petrochemical compound that absorbs ultraviolet light (such as oxybenzone) or minerals that reflects light (such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide), or a combination of both.

Sunscreen is regulated as an OTC product by the FDA. Most sunscreens are not considered reef safe as they use petrochemicals. As such the use of petrochemical based sunscreen has been banned in ecological and progressive areas, such as, Mexico's Marine Reserves, the State of Hawaii, Aruba, Thailand's National Park areas, the Marshal Islands.
1,000,000

**1,000,000** (**1000000**, **one million** or **one thousand thousand** or **million** or **thousand thousand** for short) is a natural number between 999,999 and 1,000,001. The name is derived from Italian, where  was 1,000, and 1,000,000 became a "_milione_", as "a large thousand".

## Overview

In scientific notation, the number is written as 10<sup>6</sup>. Physical quantities can also be explained using the SI prefix  when using SI units. For example, 1 megawatt is 1,000,000 watts (W).

The word "million" is common to both the short-scale and long-scale numbering systems, unlike the larger numbers, which have different names in the two systems.

The million is sometimes used in English as a metaphor for a very large number, as in "Never in a million years" and "You're one in a million", or as hyperbole, as in "I have walked a million miles".

## Examples

- A millionaire is someone who owns at least one million or more units of currency
- In computer science a megabyte is equal to a million bytes, or 1,048,576 (1,024<sup>2</sup>).
- In measurement, there are a million millimeters in a kilometer. There are a million meters in a megameter. (A person who travels completely around earth's equator travels 40 megameters). Also, the speed of light travels a million kilometers in around 3 seconds
- _Il Milione_ is the title of Marco Polo's narration of his travels in China. The name is supposed to come from Polo's nickname after his tales of riches and multitudes.

## Infobox (number)

- **number**: 1000000
Oscypek

**Oscypek** (in Polish, _Oštiepok_ in Slovak language) is a smoked cheese from Poland and Slovakia.

Oscypek was originally made from sheep's milk, but it can also be made from cow's milk.
Bigos

**Bigos** is a traditional dish from Poland and Lithuania. Bigos is created from cabbage (normal and sauerkraut) and meat. In very rare cases bigos can be made without meat or cabbage, but the presence of sauerkraut is absolutely essential.

## Other websites

- Bigos in wikinew`s cookbook
Kaliber 44

**Kaliber 44** is one of the biggest hip hop band from Poland. It was created in 1993 by Marcin Marten ("AbraDab") and Michał Marten ("Joka"). The first part of the title should indicate the caliber of the issues the group is talking about. The second part is taken from 'Dziady' of Adam Mickiewicz (Vision of the priest Peter).

### Studio albums

- _Księga Tajemnicza. Prolog_ (Mysterious Book. Prologue) (1996)
- _W 63 minuty dookoła świata_ (Around the world in 63 minutes) (1998)
- _3:44_ (2000)
- _Ułamek Tarcia_ (friction fraction)

### Singles

- "Magia i miecz" (The magic and the sword) (1996)
- "Film" (The trip) (1998)
- "Konfrontacje" (Confrontations) (2000)
- "Nieodwracalne zmiany" (Irreversible changes) (2016)
- "(Why Is It) Fresh" (2016)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kaliber 44
- **img capt**: Polish music group "Kaliber 44".
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: K44
- **origin**: Poland, Katowice
- **genre**: Rap
Hip hop music, Hip hop
Horrorcore
Psychedelic music, Psychedelic
- **years active**: 1993 in music, 1993 – 2003 in music, 2003 from 2013 (suspended)
- **label**: S.P. Records
- **associated acts**: Paktofonika
- **current members**: Abradab
Joka
Lupin

**Lupin**, often spelled **lupine** in North America, is the common name for members of the genus ***Lupinus*** in the family Fabaceae.

There are between 150 and 200 species. They grow all over the Mediterranean region - Subgen. ***Lupinus***, and the Americas - Subgen. ***Platycarpos ***(Wats.) Kurl.

The species are mostly herbaceous perennial plants 0.3-1.5 m tall, but some are annual plants and a few are shrubs up to 3 m tall, with one, Lupinus jaimehintoniana, a tree 8 m high with a trunk 20 cm in diameter, from the Mexican state of Oaxaca. They have a characteristic and easily recognised leaf shape, with soft green to grey-green or silvery leaves with the blades usually palmately divided into 5–17 leaflets or reduced to a single leaflet in a few species of the southeastern United States; in many species, the leaves are hairy with silvery hairs, often densely so. The flowers are produced in dense or open whorls on an erect spike, each flower 1-2 cm long, with a typical peaflower shape with an upper 'standard', two lateral 'wings' and two lower petals fused as a 'keel'. The fruit is a pod containing several seeds.

## Lupins as an introduced pest

In New Zealand lupins have escaped into the wild and grow in large numbers along main roads and streams in South Island. The seeds are carried by car tires and water flow, and unfortunately, some tourist shops in the major tourist areas have been reported to have sold packets of lupin seeds to tourists, with the instructions to plant, water and watch them grow into a giant beanstalk. They are principally blue, pink and violet, with some yellow, and are very attractive, providing colourful vistas with a backdrop of mountains and lakes. The New Zealand environment authorities have a campaign to reduce their numbers, although this seems a hopeless task, especially when faced with such ignorance as mentioned above. In fields they seem to be eradicated by sheep, and hence remain largely restricted to ungrazed roadside verges and stream banks.

## References

5. Diaporthe toxica sp.nov., the cause of lupinosis in sheep.  Williamson et al. 1994, Mycological Research 98 (12) 1364-1365

## Other websites

- Nitrogen Cycle
- Lupins Resource Website
- Alternative Field Crops Manual: Lupine
- Lupins
Bar (unit)

The **bar** (symbol: **bar** or **b**) is a unit of pressure. They are not SI units, but they are still used in descriptions of pressure. Although the use of those units is discouraged, the bar is about the same as atmospheric pressure.

## Multiples

The bar, the decibar, and the millibar are known as:
- 1 bar = 100 000 pascals (Pa) = 1,000,000 dynes per square centimeter (baryes)
- 1 dbar = 0.1 bar = 10 000 Pa = 100,000 dyn/cm²
- 1 cbar = 0.01 bar = 1000 Pa
- 1 mbar = 0.001 bar = 100 Pa = 1,000 dyn/cm²

(The pascal is one newton per square meter.)

## Origin

The word _bar_ has its origin in the Greek word _βάρος_ (baros), meaning weight. Its official symbol is "bar"; the earlier "b" is no longer used but is still often seen especially as "mb," rather than "mbar" for millibars.

The bar and the millibar were defined by Sir Napier Shaw in 1909 and became used internationally in 1929.

## Other websites

- Official SI website: Table 8. Non-SI units accepted for use with the SI
- Conversion factors from bar to various pressure units
Pascal (unit)

The **pascal** (symbol: **Pa**) is the SI-derived unit of pressure or stress. It is a measure of perpendicular force per unit area and is equal to one newton per square meter. In everyday life, the pascal is best known from meteorological air-pressure reports, where it happens in the form of hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa). In other cases, the kilopascal is more commonly used such as on bicycle tire labels. One hectopascal corresponds to 0.1 and one kilopascal to about 1% of atmospheric pressure (near sea level).

It is named after the French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal.

## Related pages

- Atmosphere (unit)
Jerez de la Frontera

**Jerez de la Frontera** is a city in the province of Cádiz, in the region of Andalusia in Spain. It is famous as the home of the wine called sherry, whose name comes from the city's old Arabic name, pronounced _Sherish_.

Jerez de la Frontera, once called **Xeres**, has a rich history from the days of the Moorish Arab occupation of the Iberian Peninsula. Part of its name, _de la Frontera,_ means "of the frontier" because it was on the border between Islamic and Christian populations.

The city is well known for breeding and training the world-famous Andalusian horses. Flamenco dance is a popular cultural feature of the city.

## Other websites

- Tourist information
Limited government

**Limited government** is a form of government with roles and powers given, and limited by law, usually in a written constitution. A limited government has only the powers that the people give it.

Related to this idea is "small government" – a system that put most of its power in smaller groups, such as private businesses and its own citizens. On the other hand, "big government" involves a great amount of intervention by the state.

In Great Britain, the idea of limited government is part of the political tradition. It was started by Magna Carta, which limited the power of King John. The execution of Charles I and the Glorious Revolution of 1688 reinforced this. Even monarchs had to accept limits to their power, and parliamentary democracy became more important.

In the United States, the idea of limited government is written into the United States Constitution.
Wade Robson

**Wade Jeremy Robson** (born 1982) is an Australian professional dancer, choreographer, producer, and songwriter. He has performed as a dancer since the age of 5 with celebrities such as Michael Jackson and Britney Spears, and is also an award-winning choreographer, known for his own MTV show _Wade Robson Project_, and the broadcast competition _So You Think You Can Dance_.  In 1994 he released an album as part of the hip hop group Quo.

## Personal life

On May 1 2013 Robson sued Michael Jackson's estate. He did not sue Jackson because Jackson died in 2009. He said that Jackson sexually abused him from the age of 7 to 14. He said that he would sue Jackson's father Joe for slander if he did not stop saying that Robson is lying. He and fellow accuser James Safechuck told their stories in the controversial documentary Leaving Neverland in 2019.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Tremaine Dance profile
- MTV biography
- Ask Men entry
- PopGurls 20 Questions with Wade Robson

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Wade Robson
- **image**: Wade Robson.jpg
- **birth name**: Wade Jeremy William Robson
- **birth place**: Brisbane, Australia
- **occupation**: Dancer, choreographer, director, songwriter
- **spouse**: Amanda Rodriguez, August 13, 2005
- **website**: http://www.waderobson.com
Cardinal (Catholic Church)

**Cardinals** are created by the pope and typically hold the title for life. Cardinals are bishops and archbishops leading dioceses and archdioceses around the world as well as working for the Holy See either within Vatican City or internationally as a nuncio.

On 24 February 2024, there were 234 serving cardinals.

According to the Catholic church, the order of the importance  of the Catholic Church goes from the Pope, then the Bishops and Archbishops and then those holding the position of a Cardinal. Cardinals are the counsellors of the Pope. In 1245, Pope Innocent IV granted the red hat to the cardinals as a sign of their readiness to shed their blood in the cause of the church which showed their dedication to the church.

The collective name for cardinals is College of Cardinals.  They meet in a Papal conclave to elect a new Pope.

When there is no pope, the cardinals direct the day-to-day affairs of the Church.

## Appointment

Cardinals are chosen by the Pope from men who are already bishops or archbishops. The Pope officially announces new cardinals during a meeting called a consistory.

The Pope can choose cardinals as he sees fit, but usually asks for advice from other cardinals. If a man is not yet a bishop or archbishop when chosen, he should become one, but this is not always required.

## Ranks of Cardinals

There are three ranks of cardinals:

- Cardinal bishops.
- Cardinal priests.
- Cardinal deacons.

## Related pages

- Bishop
- Archbishop

## Other websites

- Catholic Hierarchy, Cardinal-Bishops, Cardinal-Priests, Cardinal-Deacons
- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
Fleet

**Fleet** may mean:

## Vehicles

A **fleet** is a collection of ships, planes or vehicles:
- Fleet vehicles, two or more vehicles
- Fishing fleet
- Naval fleet, large group of warships
- A fleet of aeroplanes
- A group of small ships or flotilla
- A group of racing sailboats
- Starfleet, fictional group in _Star Trek_
- Ugs fleet, a collection of military ground sensors.

## Places

- Fleet, Kent, a waterway in the Thames marshes, England
- Fleet, Dorset, England
- Fleet, Hampshire, England
- River Fleet, river in London, England
- Fleet, Lincolnshire, England
- Gatehouse of Fleet, small town in Scotland
- Water of Fleet, a river in Scotland
- Fleet, Alberta, Canada

## People

- Beth Van Fleet (born 1977), American volleyball player
- Charles Browne Fleet (1843-1916), American pharmacist
- David Fleet (born 1954), Canadian politician
- Frank Fleet (1848-1900), American baseball player
- Frederick Fleet (1887-1965), British sailor and _Titanic_ survivor
- Greg Fleet (born 1960), Australian comedian
- James Fleet (born 1954), British actor
- James Van Fleet (1892-1992), American general
- Jo Van Fleet (1914-1996), American actress
- Pat Fleet (born 1943), American voice actress
- Preston Fleet (1934-1995), American businessman
- Reuben Fleet (1887-1975), American aviation pioneer
- Stephan Szpak-Fleet (born 1979), Polish-born American actor
- Stephen Fleet (1936-2006), British administrator
- William Van Fleet (1852-1923), American judge

## Other uses

- Fleet Aircraft
- FleetBoston Financial, financial institution
- Fleet Farm, American farm and ranch supply store chain
- Fleet Foxes, American band
- Fleet (laxative), brand name for bisacody
- Fleet services, English motorway service station
- Fleet Spurs F.C.
- Ebbsfleet United F.C., whose nickname is The Fleet
- Fleet (boardgame), a strategy card game published by Eagle Games
Guest worker

**Guest workers** are people brought into a country to work in different industries.

They are used to fill a shortage in labour that most often cannot be done locally. Guest workers often do not have the same rights as normal workers. In some countries, guest workers are not allowed to stay for a long period of time. In Germany, many guest workers are from Turkey. Turkish guest workers have formed their own communities in the German cities in which they live. Turkish guest workers have been in Germany since the 1950s.

Many Koreans in Japan came as guest workers in the early 20th century and in Arab countries late in the late 20th century.

## Related pages

- Migrant worker

## Other websites

- Foreign workers in Malaysia  - News update
- The PBS newsmagazine NOW  focuses on America's "Guest Workers" including interviews with actual guest workers who work in Montana's forests
- Burma Migrant Worker Issues
- Migrant labor activism in New York City from Dollars & Sense magazine
- Migrant Workers Television(MWTV) in Seoul Korea
- December 18 vzw - International Advocacy and Resource Center on Migrant Workers Rights
- Migrante International
- No One is Illegal
- Global Culture: essay on migrant workers
- Migrant Farmworkers and Their Children