juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rick Rypien

**Rick Joseph Rypien** (May 16, 1984 – August 15, 2011) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He played for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL).

He was a very tough player and used to play for the Manitoba Moose of the American Hockey League (AHL), who were the Canucks partner in the AHL. Rypien played four seasons with the Regina Pats, a junior team in the Western Hockey League (WHL) before going to the Moose in 2005. The following season he started playing for the Canucks. He has been injured a lot in the NHL and has missed many games because of that.

He signed a one-year, $700,000 contract with the Winnipeg Jets but he died before training camp. His body was found in his home on August 15, 2011 by police. His death was later confirmed to be a suicide Rypien had struggled with clinical depression throughout his career. After his death, an autopsy revealed that Rypien had been suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

## Career statistics

|colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Regular season|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Playoffs||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2001–02|Crowsnest Pass Timberwolves|AJHL|57|12|10|22|143|—|—|—|—|—|
|2001–02|Regina Pats|WHL|1|0|0|0|0|—|—|—|—|—|
|2002–03|Regina Pats|WHL|50|6|12|18|159|5|1|1|2|21|
|2003–04|Regina Pats|WHL|65|19|26|45|186|4|0|1|1|18|
|2004–05|Regina Pats|WHL|63|22|29|51|148|—|—|—|—|—|
|2004–05|Manitoba Moose|AHL|8|1|1|2|5|14|0|0|0|35|
|2005–06|Manitoba Moose|AHL|49|9|6|15|122|13|1|1|2|22|
|2005–06|Vancouver Canucks|NHL|5|1|0|1|4|—|—|—|—|—|
|2006–07|Manitoba Moose|AHL|14|3|3|6|35|—|—|—|—|—|
|2006–07|Vancouver Canucks|NHL|2|0|0|0|5|—|—|—|—|—|
|2007–08|Manitoba Moose|AHL|34|3|11|14|81|6|0|0|0|10|
|2007–08|Vancouver Canucks|NHL|22|1|2|3|41|—|—|—|—|—|
|2008–09|Vancouver Canucks|NHL|12|3|0|3|19|10|0|2|2|40|
|2008–09|Vancouver Canucks|NHL|69|4|4|8|126|7|0|1|1|7|
|2010–11|Vancouver Canucks|NHL|9|0|1|1|31|-|-|-|-|-|
|2010–11|Manitoba Moose|AHL|11|0|2|2|9|7|1|0|1|10|

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Rick Rypien
- **image**: Rick Rypien.png
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Rypien in 2009
- **birth place**: Blairmore, Alberta, Canada
- **death place**: Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, Canada
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 194
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Right
- **played for**: Vancouver Canucks
Manitoba Moose
- **draft**: Undrafted
- **career start**: 2005
- **career end**: 2011
Centre (ice hockey)

**Centre** (**center** in the United States) is a position in ice hockey. A centre plays in the middle of the ice as one of three forwards. The centre is between the left wing and the right wing, and is the one who takes faceoffs. Because they are in the middle, the centre sometimes has to help the two defencemen when they need help.
Glenda Jackson

**Glenda May Jackson** <small>CBE</small> (9 May 1936 – 15 June 2023) was an English actress turned politician. She is best known for her portrayal of Queen Elizabeth I in the  BBC series _Elizabeth R_ in 1971. She won the Triple Crown of Acting, meaning she was the winner of an Oscar, Emmy and Tony Awards.

## Life and career

Glenda Jackson studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. She began her acting career in 1957. She joined the Royal Shakespeare Company, where she remained for four years.

After a few bit parts in movies, she got her first major role in _Marat/Sade_ in 1966. In 1969, she appeared in Ken Russell's movie version of D.H. Lawrence's novel _Women in Love_. For this part, she won the Academy Award for best actress. The next year, she appeared in another Ken Russell's movie _The Music Lovers_.

Other notable movies have included; _Sunday Bloody Sunday_ (1971), _Mary, Queen of Scots_ (1971), _The Triple Echo_ (1972), _A Touch of Class_ (1973), which won her a second Academy Award for best actress, _The Romantic Englishwoman_ (1975), _Hedda_ (1975), _The Incredible Sarah_ (1976), _Stevie_ (1978), _Hopscotch_ (1980) etc.

She also appeared to great acclaim on BBC television in _Elizabeth R_, a six parts series on the life of Queen Elizabeth I of England, which is thought by many as the most scholarly version.

Jackson retired from acting in 1992 and turned to politics. She entered the House of Commons as a Labour member of Parliament. She was married to Roy Hodges from 1958 to 1976, with whom she had a son, Daniel (born in 1969).

In August 2017, Burberry, a London-based luxury fashion house recruited Glenda Jackson to model the iconic trench and revealed the inspiration for its next London Fashion Week show.

On 15 June 2023, Jackson died at her home in Blackheath, London at the age of 87.

## Other websites

- MPs website
- Local party website
- Guardian Unlimited Politics — Ask Aristotle: Glenda Jackson
- TheyWorkForYou.com — Glenda Jackson
- BBC Politics

## Infobox (mp)

- **name**: Glenda Jackson
- **honorific-suffix**: <small>Order of the British Empire, CBE</small>
- **image**: GlendaJackBFI050722 (10 of 23) (52196800013) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Jackson in July 2022
- **constituency mp**: Hampstead and Highgate (UK Parliament constituency), Hampstead and Highgate
- **majority**: 3,729 (9.8%)
- **predecessor**: Geoffrey Finsberg
- **successor**: Tulip Siddiq
- **term start**: 9 April 1992
- **term end**: 30 March 2015
- **birth name**: Glenda May Jackson
- **birth place**: Birkenhead, Cheshire, England
- **death place**: Blackheath, London, England
- **nationality**: British
- **party**: Labour Party (UK), Labour
ZTE

**ZTE Corporation**, also known as **ZTE** (Chinese： 中兴通讯) (**Zhong Xing Telecommunication Equipment Company Limited**) is a publicly owned, Chinese business that designs and builds telecommunications equipment and systems.

The company is located in Shenzhen, and was started in 1985 ZTE offers a many telecommunications products that provide services, such as video on demand and streaming media to its customers, which are mainly people that provide telecommunications services.

In 1997, the company was listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and since December 2004 has been listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. It is included in the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index.

ZTE has 13 of its own R&D centers in China, USA, Sweden and Korea.

More than 10% of ZTE's annual income goes to R&D. The company has partnerships with large international companies such as: Intel, Microsoft, IBM, Alcatel, Qualcomm, Analog Devices, Accenture, Texas Instruments, Freescale, Agere Systems and ADI.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: ZTE Corporation
- **former name**: Zhongxing Telecommunication Equipment Corporation
- **image**: ZTE building in Hi-tech Zone of Nanshan District.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **image caption**: ZTE building in Hi-tech Zone of Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong
- **type**: Public company, Public; state-owned enterprise
- **traded as**:

- **foundation**: (as Zhongxing Semiconductor Co., Ltd.)
- **founder**: ()
- **location**: 55 Hi-tech Road South
Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
518057
- **key people**: Li Zixue (Chairman and Executive Director)
 Xu Ziyang (Executive Director and CEO)
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **industry**:
Networking equipment
- **products**: Mobile phones, smartphones, tablet computers, hardware, computer software, software, all series of wireless, wireline, services, devices and professional telecommunications services and services to telecommunications service providers and enterprises
- **revenue**: / US $17.68 billion
- **revenue year**: 2022
- **income year**: 2022
- **net income year**: 2022
- **assets year**: 2022
- **equity year**: 2022
- **num employees**: 74,811
- **num employees year**: 2022
- **subsid**: Nubia Technology (49.9%)
 ZTEsoft
 Zonergy
- **owner**: Zhongxingxin (20.29% in 2022); China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation
- **footnotes**: In consolidated financial statement;  shareholders' equity figure are excluding perpetual capital instrument
SuperCollider

**SuperCollider** is a programming language designed especially for sound and music. Artists and musicians use it to create pieces of music, or interactive sound sculptures, or other computer-based audio things.
Cuboid

A **cuboid** is a 3D shape. Cuboids have six faces. These faces form a convex polyhedron. The faces of the cuboid can be any quadrilateral. The most common cuboid is the rectangular cuboid. It is made from 6 rectangles that are placed at right angles to each other. A cuboid that uses all square faces is a cube. The cuboid can also be called a right rectangular prism.

## Properties

The properties of a cuboid include:
- cuboids have 12 edges
- They have 8 corners or vertices
- They have 6 faces.

The difference between a rectangle and a cuboid is that a rectangle  is a 2D shape and a cuboid is a 3D shape.

A cube is a cuboid where all six faces have the same height and widths. Each face of a cube is a  square.

Where L= length, w= width and h= height:
- Total Surface Area of Cuboid = 2( (L×w) + (w×h) + (h×L) )
- Volume of Cuboid = L * w * h
Lucas Oil Stadium

**Lucas Oil Stadium** is in Indianapolis, Indiana and is the home of the Indianapolis Colts, an NFL team.
The stadium had its first game on August 24, 2008 when the Colts played the Buffalo Bills.

The stadium also hosted the 2015 final four between the Wisconsin Badgers and the previously unbeaten Kentucky Wildcats.

## Other websites

- Official website
Lakas–CMD

**Lakas–Christian–Muslim Democrats** is a centrist political party in the Philippines. It is a member of Centrist Democrat International.

Team CalamBAGO is alliance part of Lakas–CMD.

## Other websites

- Official website
Sgt. Frog

***Sgt. Frog***, known in Japan as , is a manga series that started in 1999, it would later start a anime that began in 2004 and ended in 2011.

It parodies htf. Keroro is having a takeover of the planet pokopen (which refers to earth), he says "de arimasu", "sir yes sir", "si senor", "shi ye", and "akene rupo keyo", and also says "whoa, that's sweet!", Gunso is black with a yellow-and-orange shoshina mark. In the anime, Fuyuki, Momaka and Chiruyo (his 2 love interests) were 11-12 years old in season 1, 13 years old in season 2, and 14 years old in seasons 3-7, Natsumi, and Mustumi were 13-14 years old in season 1, 15 years old in season 2, and 16 years old in seasons 3-7, Angol Mois was 10 years old in season 1, 11-12 years old in season 2, and 13 years old in seasons 3-7, Koyuki (who's like Fuyuki) was 12-13 years old in season 1, 14 years old in season 2, and 15 years old in seasons 3-7.

Keroro (friend of Fuyuki)'s friends are Giroro, Tamama, Kururu, Dororo and Pururu. Fuyuki's other friends are Natsumi (Fuyuki's sister), Aki (Fuyuki's mother), Mutsumi, Koyuki, Chiruyo, Momoka (Momaka), and Mois. Mois's doppelganger and future daughter is Asami. In the Animax dub, Natsumi was voiced by Alexandra Levitch.

## Infobox (animanga/header)

- **ja kanji**: ケロロ軍曹
- **ja romaji**: Keroro Gunsō
- **genre**: Comedy, science fiction


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: manga
- **author**: Mine Yoshizaki
- **publisher**: Kadokawa Shoten
- **demographic**: _Shōnen manga, Shōnen_
- **first**: April 1999
- **volumes**: 35


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: tv series
- **music**: Saeko Suzuki
- **studio**: Sunrise (company), Sunrise
- **network**: TV Tokyo
- **first**: April 3, 2004
- **last**: April 3, 2011
- **episodes**: 358


## Infobox (animanga/footer)
The Perfect Fool

***The Perfect Fool*** is an opera in one act with music written by the English composer Gustav Holst. Holst wrote the work over the time period from 1918 to 1922.  The opera was first played at the Covent Garden Theatre, London on May 14, 1923. At the beginning, Holst had asked Clifford Bax to write the libretto, but Bax did not want to do so.

In the musical score, Holst made fun of the musical works of Verdi, Wagner's work _Parsifal_ and Debussy. In the opera, the Fool's part is only one word long. One popular way of thinking of the opera's meaning is that the Princess symbolises the world of opera and the Fool is the British people.

The opera did not do well, and audiences thought that the opera did not make any sense.  Although the opera was given a live BBC broadcast a year after it was first played, it is not often played today.

## Other websites

- Chester Novello page on _The Perfect Fool_
- Amadeus Online
Comet Hale–Bopp

**Comet Hale–Bopp** (formerly called **C/1995 O1**) is the biggest and brightest comet that has come by earth in the last century. It was called the Great Comet of 1997. It is probably the most-seen comet in history - even more than the famous Halley's comet.

## Discovery

Hale-Bopp was discovered by two astronomers, Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp. This is a long-period comet (it will not return to earth for a long time). It is so big that its coma (the steam burning off of it) is as big as the sun. It didn't come close enough to the sun to cross the earth's orbital path, so we could not see a meteor shower from the dust trail.

## Chemicals

Scientists found lots of organic chemicals in Hale-Bopp which they never saw before. It was also the first comet that had the gas argon in it.
It also has a sodium tail. See the picture on the left.

## UFO claims

A person named Chuck Shramek saw a not very bright, "Saturn-like" thing following Hale-Bopp and called the Art Bell radio program and told them about it. Lots of people thought a UFO was following behind the comet, even though many astronomers, including Alan Hale, tried to tell them it was just a star..
A few months later, the Heaven's Gate cult said they had to join the alien spaceship by leaving their earthly bodies, and lots of people killed themselves.

## Return

Hale-Bopp has an orbit period of around 2,500 years, meaning that it will return in 4385. It also means that it won't be visible from earth for years and centuries.

## Further reading

- Newcott, William R. (December 1997). "The age of comets". _National Geographic_, p. 100.

## Other websites

- Cometography.com: Comet Hale-Bopp
- NASA Hale-Bopp page
- Shadow and Substance.com: Static orbital diagram
- Comet Nucleus Animation
- COMET PHOTO ALTERED, UH SCIENTIST SAYS - _Honolulu Advertiser_ by Michael Hammerschlag
Tech N9ne

**Aaron Dontez Yates** (born November 8, 1971 in Kansas City, Missouri) is an American rapper and singer better known by his stage name **Tech N9ne** (which was pronounced "tech nine").

He has been rapping since 1991 and has made 13 studio albums. He got his stage name from rapper Black Walt because of his fast rhyming style.

He is mainly a hip hop artist and also raps in the horrorcore genre of music.

### Studio albums

|Year|Album|
| --- | --- |
|1999|_The Calm Before the Storm_|
|2000|_The Worst_|
|2001|_Anghellic_|
|2002|_Celcius_|
|2002|_Absolute Power_|
|2006|_Everready (The Religion)_|
|2007|_Misery Loves Kompany_|
|2008|_Killer_|
|2009|_Sickology 101_|
|2009|_K.O.D._|
|2010|_The Gates Mixed Plate_|
|2011|_All 6's and 7's_|
|2011|_Welcome to Strangeland_|

## Other websites

- Tech N9ne's Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Tech N9ne
- **image**: Tech N9ne Interview 2025.png
- **caption**: Tech N9ne in 2025
- **birth name**: Aaron Dontez Yates
- **birth place**: Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.
- **years active**: 1991–present
Alex Wojciechowicz

**Alexander Francis Wojciechowicz** (born August 12, 1915 in South River, New Jersey - died July 13, 1992 in Forked River, New Jersey) was an American football Center who played for the Detroit Lions and the Philadelphia Eagles of the NFL. Wojciechowicz was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1968. Wojciechowicz was the Detroit Lions first pick in the 1938 NFL Draft.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Alexander Francis Wojciechowicz
- **image**: Alex Wojciechowicz, Emil Uremovich, Frank Szymanski 1946.jpg
- **caption**: Alex Wojciechowicz, Emil Uremovich, Frank Szymanski in 1946.
- **birth date**: August 12, 1915
- **nationalteam2**: Philadelphia Eagles
- **nationalteam1**: Detroit Lions
Temerin

**Temerin** is a town and municipality in South Bačka District, Vojvodina, Serbia. The municipality of Temerin includes the towns of Temerin and Bački Jarak, and villages Sirig and Kamendin. In the 2002 census, the town of Temerin had a population of 19,143, and the municipality had a population of 28,201. Most of its inhabitants are Serbs, while the largest minority in the town and municipality are Hungarians.

## Geography

Temerin is located in Pannonian plain, about 20 km north of Novi Sad, the seat of the district. It is first mentioned in 1332 in the receipt by the pope Then Temerin was part of Kingdom of Hungary. Ottomans conquered it 1526, after Battle of Mohacz. Temerin stayed in Ottoman possession until Great Turkish War at the end of 17th century, when it became part of Austrian Empire. After World War I Temerin became part of Yugoslavian state.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **leader title**: Mayor
- **postal code**: 21235
- **population blank2 title**: Municipality
- **population blank2**: Town
- **population blank1 title**: 19661
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **parts type**: Settlements
- **native name lang**: sr
- **leader name**: Đuro Žiga
- **official name**: Temerin
- **image skyline**: Centar Temerina 2.JPG
- **image shield**: COA Temerin.gif
- **image map**: Municipalities of Serbia Temerin.png
- **image caption**: Town center of Temerin
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Serbia, Area code
- **area code**: +381 21
- **area total km2**: 170
Beetlejuice

**Beetlejuice** can mean:

- _Beetlejuice_ (movie) a movie by Tim Burton
    - Beetlejuice Beetlejuice the sequel to the original movie by Tim Burton
- _Beetlejuice_ (TV series)
- Beetlejuice (entertainer) - American comedian and actor
Philotheus Boehner

**Philotheus Boehner** (February 17, 1901 – May 22, 1955), who was born as **Heinrich Boehner**, was a member of the Franciscan order and a very well respected medieval scholar.

## Life

Philotheus Boehner was born as Heinrich Boehner on February 17, 1901, in Lichtenau, Westphalia. He joined the Franciscan Order in 1920, and was given the new name _Philotheus_, which is the Latin form of the Greek _Philotheos_, and means _friend of God_. In 1927 he became a priest, but he was very ill with tuberculosis and not expected to live much longer. While resting to try and get better from being sick, he started to translate Étienne Gilson's work on Saint Bonaventura. In the 1930s, he and Gilson became close friends.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Philotheus Boehner
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Fathers Herscher, Plassmann, and Boehner
- **birth name**: Heinrich Boehner
- **birth place**: Lichtenau, Westphalia
- **death cause**: Heart attack
- **nationality**: Germany, German
- **known for**: Medieval scholarship
- **alma mater**: University of Münster
- **employer**: St. Bonaventure University
Sea slug

**Sea slug** is an informal name for a group of gastropods which look similar, but are not monophyletic. They are polyphyletic. Their similar shape and life styles is an example of convergent evolution. The group includes:

- Heterobranchia
    - Nudibranchs: a clade with bilateral symmetry
    - Sacoglossa, a clade of Heterobranch sea slugs and snails which go in for _kleptoplasty_ ('stealing' plastids). They eat algae and keep the chloroplasts for their own use.
    - Opisthobranchs: a long-used term now just an informal label.
        - Sea angels, or cliones, are opisthobranch gastropod molluscs of the clade Gymnosomata.
        - Sea hares are medium to large size marine gastropod molluscs. They belong to two families of the Opisthobranchia.
        - Cephalaspidea: a sub-order of Opisthobranch gastropod molluscs. They usually have a reduced internal shell.
- Onchidiidae: a family of air-breathing sea slugs.
    - Sea butterflies: a group of pelagic sea snails sometimes called pteropods. They belong to the clade Thecosomata.

It would seem that their similar growth pattern, with the loss of torsion, bilateral symmetry, reduction of the Gastropod shell, and somewhat similar life styles, evolved a number of times in the Gastropods.
Hurricane David

**Hurricane David** was the strongest and deadliest hurricane of the 1979 Atlantic hurricane season, but not the costliest. This hurricane caused a lot of damage as it slammed into Dominican Republic as a category 5 hurricane and it struck Florida as a category 2 hurricane. Hurricane David killed 2,068 and caused over $1.5 billion in damage.

## Retirement

Because it killed so many people in Dominican Republic, the name David was retired. This was the first male name retired in the Atlantic Ocean. Meaning, David will never be used as a name of a storm in the Atlantic Ocean. The name Danny replaced it in 1985, 1991, 1997, 2003, and 2009. The name Danny is also on the list in 2015. Hurricane David was a very strong hurricane killing many.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane David
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 1979
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: David 1979-08-31 1700Z.jpg
- **image name**: Hurricane David at peak intensity near landfall in Hispaniola on August 31
- **formed**: August 25, 1979
- **dissipated**: September 8, 1979
- **1-min winds**: 150
- **pressure**: 924
- **damages**: 1540
- **inflated**: 1
- **fatalities**: 2,068+ direct
- **areas**: Windward Islands, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Bahamas, Florida, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, most of eastern North America
- **hurricane season**: 1979 Atlantic hurricane season
- **name**: Hurricane David
Scaphopoda

- _Tusks is the name for the teeth of elephants_

**Scaphopoda**, which are called **tusk shells** in English is a class of marine molluscs. The name of the class can be translated as shovel-footed. These animals vary in size, most are small though. These animals usually do not live in the tidal zone, they dig themselves into muddy or sandy ocean floors, up to a depth of about 700m. There are about 500 recent species. Fossils of over 900 species have been described. As of 2009, it is unclear how many of these descriptions are valid species.

These species live in an elongated tube, which is open on both ends, but which can be closed on one end. The animal lives inside the tube, and is attached to it. Scaphopoda do reproduce sexually.
Michael Polakovs

**Michael Polakovs**, known in America as Coco the Clown, (born Riga, Latvia 23 February 1923; died USA, 6 December 2009) was a famous clown. His father was known as Coco the Clown in Britain. Michael played the part of Coco the Clown in America. He was also known for being Ronald McDonald, the clown who publicized McDonald’s fast food chain.

## Life

Michael Polakovs was born in Riga. His parents Nikolai and Valentina were both circus artists. Nikolai was known as Coco the Clown. He was working in Breslau in Germany when Willy Schumann, the circus director, saw him and persuaded him to go to Britain.

The family moved to Britain where his father found work in Bertram Mills circus. Michael was the eldest of six children.  By the time he was 17 he was working as a clown called “Coconut”. Then World War II started and he and his father had to work digging roads and laying gas pipes. They earned £2 16s 6d a week (just over £2.82 in modern money).  Then he became a driver for the government. He also managed to do some work as a clown in Blackpool Tower Circus and Tom Arnold’s circus.

When Bertram Mills opened his circus again after the war the Polakovs family were all working for him. He was particularly good at stilt-walking. On one occasion, he saved the life of a lion tamer who was being attacked by a lion.

In 1951, he went with a brother and a sister to work for Billy Smart’s circus. The brother married Billy Smart’s daughter.

In 1958, Michael decided to go to the United States. There he became known as Coco the Clown. He worked for the Ringling Brother’s Barnum & Bailey Circus, known as “The Greatest Show on Earth”. Later he worked for other circuses. He started the popularity of the character Ronald McDonald, advertising for the fast food chain. He designed Ronald’s clothes and make-up and appeared in the first eight of his television commercials.

Later he settled with his second wife in Kentucky. He had four children by his first wife and two children by his second wife.

He died aged 86 in 2009.

## References

- Obituary in The Daily Telegraph, 16 December 2009, p. 33
Coco the Clown

**Coco the Clown** (or Nicolai Polakovs) was a clown character who is very famous in Britain and his birthplace of Latvia. His son Michael Polakovs became famous in America for helping to found the Ringling brothers, barnum and bailey Circus Clown College and inventing and being the very first Ronald McDonald. Coco was not a whiteface clown but an auguste.This type of clown is the one which causes all the mayhem, is mischievous and gets the laughs,  Coco always gets buckets of water thrown at him or custard pies in his face.

Nicolai Polakovs (1900–74) made the character of Coco the Clown famous.

After retiring from the circus, Nicolai Poliakoff [his name was spelled in many ways] toured schools in the UK as Coco promoting road safety, he was sponsored by Esso and J Lyons & Co. He had a walking stick in the shape of a Belisha Beacon. For this work he was awarded the OBE by the Queen.
Pipo de Clown

**Pipo de Clown** (English: **Pipo the Clown**) is a clown who became very popular on Dutch television.  The character was created by Wim Meuldijk.  The actor who took the part of Pipo de Clown was Cor Witschge (1925-1991).  The television series started in 1958 and was shown until 1980.

In the television programmes Pipo lives with his wife Mamaloe (pronounce: "Mamaloo") and their daughter Petra in a gypsy-style caravan.  They say that they travel all over the world.

Recently new films have been made about Pipo de Clown.

Here are some of Pipo's famous sayings:

- Sapperdeflap! (Pipo expressing surprise)
- Hou 's even vast, Mamaloe! (Hold this a moment, Mamaloe!)
- Dag vogels, dag bloemen, dag kinderen (Hello (or Goodbye) birds, hello flowers, hello children)
Coronel Fabriciano

**Coronel Fabriciano** is a Brazilian city in the Vale do Aço metropolitan area, state of Minas Gerais. It is in the region of Vale do Rio Doce and is 200 km from the state capital. The municipal population was estimated in 2020 by IBGE in 110,290 inhabitants, with an area of 221.252 km².

The city was founded in December 27, 1948. The devolviment of the municipality is due to the large companies in the region, such as Aperam South America (old Acesita) and Usiminas, whose industries were in Coronel Fabriciano at they time they were constructed. But in 1964, Fabriciano lost the industrial areas, due to the separation of Timóteo and Ipatinga from this city.

It borders Ipatinga, Timóteo, Ferros, Joanésia, Antônio Dias and Mesquita.

## Other websites

- Official site of Coronel Fabriciano

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Coronel Fabriciano
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **official name**: The Municipality of Coronel Fabriciano
- **nickname**:
"Fabri"
 "Fabriciano"
"Terra mãe do Vale do Aço"
- **image skyline**: Vista parcial de Coronel Fabriciano MG a partir de Timóteo2.JPG
- **image caption**: Partial view of Coronel Fabriciano seen from Timóteo
- **image seal**: Brasão Coronel Fabriciano.svg
- **image flag**: Bandeira Coronel Fabriciano.svg
- **image map**: MinasGerais Municip CoronelFabriciano.svg
- **pushpin map**: Brazil
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Brazil
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Brazil, Region
- **subdivision type2**: States of Brazil, State
- **subdivision name1**: Southeast
- **subdivision name2**:  Minas Gerais
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: December 27, 1948
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Marcos Vinícius da Silva Bizarro (PSDB)
- **area total km2**: 221.252
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 110.290
- **utc offset**: -3
- **postal code type**: Postal Code
- **postal code**: 35170-000
- **blank name**: **Human Development Index, HDI** (2010)
- **blank info**: 0.755 –
- **website**: http://www.fabriciano.mg.gov.br/
Axillary bud

An **axillary bud** is an embryonic shoot which is between the stem and petiole of a plant.
Robert Lang

- _This article is about the Czech hockey player. For the American paperfolder, see Robert J. Lang._

**Robert Lang** (born December 19, 1970 in Teplice, CS) is a Czech retired ice hockey centre. He played a career total of 18 years in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Los Angeles Kings, Boston Bruins, Pittsburgh Penguins, Washington Capitals, Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Blackhawks, Montreal Canadiens, and the Phoenix Coyotes. In 2004, Lang won a Golden Hockey Stick for being the best Czech hockey player.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Robert Lang
- **image**: Robert Lang 2007.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lb**: 216
- **played for**: Los Angeles Kings
Boston Bruins
Pittsburgh Penguins
Washington Capitals
Detroit Red Wings
Chicago Blackhawks
Montreal Canadiens
Arizona Coyotes, Phoenix Coyotes
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **ntl team**: Czech Republic
- **ntl team 2**: Czechoslovakia
- **birth place**: Teplice, Czechoslovakia
- **draft**: 133rd overall
- **draft year**: 1990
- **draft team**: Los Angeles Kings
- **career start**: 1988
- **career end**: 2010
Three Cups of Tea

***Three Cups of Tea*** is a book co-written by Greg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin. It follows Mr. Mortenson's journey to founding his organisation, the Central Asia Institute (CAI), which builds schools and other facilities for children, especially girls, in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Aragonese

**Aragonese** might mean:

- Anything related to Aragon, an autonomous community of Spain
- Aragonese language, a language spoken in that community
Vladimir Teplyakov

**Vladimir Aleksandrovich Teplyakov** () (November 6, 1925 – December 10, 2009) was a Russian physicist who is best known for his work with particle accelerators. He, working with his friend I.M. Kapchinsky, created the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) principle, which was very important dealing with the speed of low energy ion beams.

## Life

Teplyakov was born in the USSR on November 6, 1925. He was made to join the Red Army in January 1943 and fought in the Second World War on the Ukrainian front. After the war ended, he went to and graduated from the All-Union Correspondence Polytechnic Institute in Moscow. After leaving school, he began work at the Institute of Chemical Physics. From 1959-1966, he worked at Chelyabinsk-70, where he kept up his study of high-current proton accelerators. In 1966, he and several of the people that he worked with were moved to the Institute of High Energy Physics in Protvino, Russia.

## Civilian honours

- Lenin Prize in 1998 for his work on creating the RFQ.
- Order of Lenin and the Order of the October Revolution.

## Military honours

- Order of Glory, 3rd class the
- Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd Class
- medal for the Capture of Vienna.

## Notes and references

- "Vladimir Alexsandrovich Teplyakov" Translation from Atomnaya Energiya, Vol. 99, pp. 396-397, November 2005.
- "The Linear Accelerator Structures With Space-Uniform Quadrupole Focusing"  June 1979
- "RFQ pioneer celebrates 80th birthday"  November 2, 2005
- "Teplyakov’s Proposal for the IFMIF Accelerator RFQ"  Retriever on December 11, 2009
- "Циклы научных работ, выполненные в ГНЦ ИФВЭ и удостоенные высших государственных премий"  Retrieved on December 11, 2009
- "Vladimir Teplyakov" Retrieved on December 12, 2009
- "Wapedia: Lenin Prize" Retriever on December 13, 2009
- "Accelerator Application To Medicine And Technology"  Retrieved on December 13, 2009
- "Победа в Великой Отечественной войне" Retriever on December 12, 2009
- "Путь к УРАЛу. История ускорителя и человека." Retrieved on December 11, 2009

## Infobox (_scientist)

- **name**: Vladimir A. Teplyakov
- **image**: Vladimir Teplyakov.jpg
- **death date**: December 10, 2009
- **death place**: Protvino, Russia
- **nationality**: Russia
- **field**: Physics
- **work institution**: Institute for High Energy Physics
- **known for**: High energy physics, Accelerator physics
- **awards**: Lenin Prize (1988)
 Order of Lenin
 Order of the October Revolution
 Order of Glory, Order of Glory 3rd Class
 Order of the Patriotic War,  Order of the Patriotic War 2nd Class
Donovan McNabb

**Donovan McNabb** (born November 25, 1976 in Chicago, Illinois) is a retired American football quarterback. He played 12 seasons in the National Football League. He played college football for Syracuse.

McNabb was picked by the Philadelphia Eagles with the second pick in the first round of the 1999 NFL Draft. With the Eagles, McNabb played fairly well. There was some controversy about his work ethic and wide receiver Terrell Owens. The Eagles made the NFC Championship game six times and the Super Bowl once. However, McNabb struggled very badly after leaving the Eagles. He later played for the Washington Redskins and the Minnesota Vikings. He retired in 2011. McNabb wore #5 throughout his career.

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Donovan McNabb
- **image**: McNabb and Eagles huddle during 2009 scrimmage.jpg
- **image size**: 200
- **caption**: McNabb in 2009
- **number**: 5
- **position**: Quarterback
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lbs**: 240
- **high school**: Mount Carmel High School (Chicago), Chicago (IL) Mount Carmel
- **college**: Syracuse Orange football, Syracuse
- **draftyear**: 1999
- **draftround**: 1
- **draftpick**: 2
- **pastteams**: * Philadelphia Eagles (–)
* Washington Redskins ()
* Minnesota Vikings ()
- **highlights**: * 6× Pro Bowl (2001 Pro Bowl, 2000–2005 Pro Bowl, 2004, 2010 Pro Bowl, 2009)
* NFC Champion (2004)
* Philadelphia Eagles#Retired numbers, Philadelphia Eagles No. 5 retired
* Philadelphia Eagles#Eagles Hall of Fame, Philadelphia Eagles Hall of Fame
* Philadelphia Eagles#75th anniversary team, Philadelphia Eagles 75th anniversary team
* 3× Big East Conference football individual awards#Offensive Player of the Year, Big East Offensive Player of the Year (1996–1998)
* Big East Conference football individual awards#Rookie of the Year, Big East Rookie of the Year (1995)
* Big East Offensive Player of the Decade (1990s)
* Syracuse Orange football#Individual award winners, Syracuse Football No. 5 retired
* Syracuse Football All-Century Team
- **statlabel1**: Touchdown, TD–Interception, INT
- **statvalue1**: 234–117
- **statlabel2**: Passing yards
- **statvalue2**: 37,276
- **statlabel3**: Passer rating
- **statvalue3**: 85.6
- **statlabel4**: Completion percentage
- **statvalue4**: 59.0
- **statlabel5**: Rushing yards
- **statvalue5**: 3,459
- **statlabel6**: Rushing touchdowns
- **statvalue6**: 29
- **nfl**: MCN017517
- **pfr**: McNaDo00
Fall to Pieces

"**Fall to Pieces**" is a song by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne, and was the fifth and last single from her second album, Under My Skin; it was the fourth single in the United States. The song was produced and written by Avril Lavigne and Raine Maida. It was Lavigne's least liked song in the U.S., but was very well liked in Canada. There is no music video for this single, because the shoot for the video was cancelled.

## Track listing

- USA promo
1. "Fall to Pieces (Album Version)" - 3:28
1. "Suggested Call Out Hook" - 0:10
1. "Fall to Pieces (MP3 Track)" - 3:28

- EU promo
1. "Fall to Pieces (Album Version)" - 3:28

## Charts

"Fall to Pieces" was not put out in the United Kingdom, but it made it all the way to number seven on the Canadian BDS Airplay Chart, her third successful single in Canada after "Nobody's Home" and "Don't Tell Me". It made it all the way to number sixteen in South Africa. Lavigne did not advertise the single, and because of this it failed to chart on U.S. _Billboard_ Hot 100; it made it all the way to number six on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, and at number fifty-five on the _Billboard_ Pop 100; However without video the single played a lot in radios all over US, Canada and Latin America .
|align="left"|Chart (2005)|align="center"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Canadian BDS Airplay Chart|align="center"|7|
|align="left"|Russian Airplay Top 100|align="center"|175|
|align="left"|U.S. ARC Weekly Top 40|align="center"|16|
|align="left"|U.S. _Billboard_ Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles<sup>1</sup>|align="center"|6|
|align="left"|U.S. _Billboard_ Pop 100|align="center"|55|
|align="left"|U.S. _Billboard_ Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks|align="center"|18|
|align="left"|U.S. _Billboard_ Top 40 Mainstream|align="center"|34|
<sup>1</sup> The same as number 106 on the U.S. _Billboard_ Hot 100.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Fall to Pieces
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Avril Lavigne
- **album**: Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album), Under My Skin
- **label**: RCA Records, RCA
- **writer**: * Avril Lavigne
* Raine Maida
- **producer**: Raine Maida
- **prev title**: He Wasn't
- **prev year**: 2005
- **next title**: Keep Holding On
- **next year**: 2006
Africanized bee

**Africanized honeybees** are an artificial man-made hybrid of the European honeybee and African bees.  They are more dangerous and defensive than regular honeybees.  Because of this, some people call them 'killer bees'.

Africanized honeybees are much more protective of their beehive and more likely to sting.  When one of them is surprised or scared, they all attack together and sting the same animal or person with hundreds of stings.   Actually, their sting is the same as a regular honeybee's, but because they sting all together, they are much more dangerous.  They usually chase their target much farther than regular honeybees, and they stay angry and ready to fight for a longer time.  They have many more "guard" bees than regular honeybees.

## History

In 1956, scientists brought African and European bees to Brazil, to see if they could mate them.  They wanted to do this to make a bee that would make more honey in a hotter place.  Scientists called these new bees "_Africanized honeybees"_.  These bees, however, were very different from regular honeybees.  They would suddenly leave the colony and build a hive somewhere else.  Scientists found out that the queen would decide to leave after a few months, usually taking half the colony with her.  They could even take over European hives by killing the European queen bee and making their own queen bee the "queen".

## Where they travel

Because of the queen's strange behavior of leaving the hive and starting new colonies, Africanized honeybees spread out quickly from Brazil. They have moved towards the north so that they have spread through most of South America, Mexico, and the south parts of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Scientists are not sure how far they will spread. Some think they cannot go much more towards the north, because they do not survive well in really cold winters or extremely dry summers.

Those Africanized bees which have travelled southwards have become much tamer and are well suitable for beekeeping and making honey. The re-domesticated Africanized honeybee is usually the choice of South American beekeepers because it will produce much more honey than the ordinary honeybees. The honey production from a single hive of Africanized honey bees can be 100 kg annually and far exceeds the much smaller 3–5 kg of the various _Melipona_ stingless bee species. Thus economic pressures are forcing beekeepers to switch from the traditional stingless bees of their ancestors to the new reality of the Africanized honey bee.

## Related pages

- Honeybee
- Honey

## Other websites

- U.S. Department of the Interior, Biological Resources Discipline
- Barry Sergeant, keeper of "killer bees"
- AFRICANIZED BEES: They are here to stay. See how these bees spread to Florida.
- Africanized honey bee on the UF / IFAS  Featured Creatures Web site
- Texas A&M University Africanized Honey Bee Information Site
- CISR: Center for Invasive Species Research Fact Sheet on Africanized Honey Bees
Ipatinga

**Ipatinga** is a Brazilian city in the Vale do Aço metropolitan area, state of Minas Gerais. Its population in 2009 was 244.508 inhabitants. Its area is . The city was founded in April 29, 1964.

It's limited with Caratinga, Coronel Fabriciano, Mesquita, Santana do Paraíso and Timóteo.

## Other websites

- Official site of Ipatinga

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ipatinga
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **official name**: The Municipality of Ipatinga
- **nickname**:
"Pouso de Água Limpa"
- **image skyline**: Vista parcial de Ipatinga MG a partir do Morro do C3.JPG
- **image caption**: Partial view of Ipatinga
- **image seal**: Ipatinga brasao.gif
- **image flag**: Bandeira Ipatinga.gif
- **image map**: MinasGerais Municip Ipatinga.svg
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Brazil, Region
- **subdivision type2**: States of Brazil, State
- **subdivision name**: Brazil
- **subdivision name1**: Southeast
- **subdivision name2**: Minas Gerais
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: April 29, 1964
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Robson Gomes (PPS)
- **area total km2**: 165.509
- **population as of**: 2009
- **population total**: 244.508
- **population density km2**: 1.440
- **utc offset**: -3
- **postal code type**: Postal Code
- **postal code**: 35160-000
- **blank name**: **Human Development Index, HDI** (2000)
- **blank info**: 0,806  – <span style="color:#090">high</span>
- **website**: http://www.ipatinga.mg.gov.br/
Timóteo

**Timóteo** is a city in Brazil. It is in the Vale do Aço metropolitan area in the state of Minas Gerais. In 2009, 79,813 people lived there. The city has an area of . The city was founded in April 29, 1964.

Timóteo is ArcelorMittal Timóteo headquarters, a company of the group ArcelorMittal.

It is limited with the municipal districts of Ipatinga, Coronel Fabriciano, Antônio Dias, Jaguaraçu, Marliéria, Caratinga e Bom Jesus do Galho.

## Other websites

- Official site of Timóteo

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Timóteo
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **official name**: The Municipality of Timóteo
- **nickname**:
"A Capital do Inox"
- **image caption**: See aerial of Timóteo
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Timóteo MG.png
- **image flag**: Flag of Timóteo MG.png
- **image map**: MinasGerais Municip Timoteo.svg
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Brazil, Region
- **subdivision type2**: States of Brazil, State
- **subdivision name**: Brazil
- **subdivision name1**: Southeast
- **subdivision name2**: Minas Gerais
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: April 29, 1964
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Geraldo Hilário (PDT)
- **area total km2**: 145.159
- **population as of**: 2009
- **population total**: 79.813
- **population density km2**: 524.2
- **utc offset**: -3
- **postal code type**: Postal Code
- **blank name**: **Human Development Index, HDI** (2000)
- **blank info**: 0,831 – <span style="color:#090">high</span>
- **website**: http://www.timoteo.mg.gov.br/
Mammal-like reptile

**Mammal-like reptile** is an old term for the therapsids: those synapsids which gave rise to the true mammals.

The term is both outmoded and a mistake, because mammals did not descend from reptiles. Both groups descended from early amniotes (egg-laying tetrapods), probably in the Lower or Middle Carboniferous.

The precursors of reptiles are called sauropsids, and the precursors of mammals are called synapsids. The immediate ancestors of the mammals came from a group of therapsids called the cynodonts.

## Mammals and reptiles

There are a number of characteristics which cannot be seen on fossils, but which are of great importance.

Mammals are distinguished from reptiles by fundamental differences in the development of the blood system. These differences are such that it would be almost impossible for mammals to be derived from reptiles.
- "It is clearly quite impossible for the condition found in birds and modern reptiles to have arisen from that found in mammals or vice versa". Kermack.<sup>6</sup>
This supports the division of amniotes into sauropsida and synapsida.
Terrapin

A **terrapin** is a turtle that lives in brackish water. They are named for the diamond pattern on their shells. They eat mollusks, crabs, and fish. Terrapins are sexually dimorphic. Females are much larger than males. Males range between 4 and 5 inches. Females average nearly 7 inches. The largest terrapin on record was a female measuring 9 inches.
A terrapin is one of several small species of turtle living in fresh or brackish water. Terrapins do not form a taxonomic unit, and may not be related. Many belong to the families Geoemydidae and Emydidae.

The name "terrapin" is derived from _torope_, a word in the Native American Algonquian language that refers to the species, Malaclemys terrapin. It appears that it became part of common usage during the colonial era of North America and was carried back to Great Britain. Since then, it has been used in common names for turtles in the English language. In the UK, red-eared sliders are known as red-eared terrapins.
Vale do Aço metropolitan area

The **Vale do Aço metropolitan area** (Região Metropolitana do Vale do Aço, in Portuguese) is a metropolitan area in Minas Gerais, Brazil, comprising only the four municipalities of Coronel Fabriciano, Ipatinga, Santana do Paraíso and Timóteo, but have an influence area of 24 other municipalities.

The region has become internationally known due to large companies that are in the region, such as the Cenibra, Aperam South America (old Acesita) and Usiminas, all with an increasing volume of exported products.

### Major

|City|Area (km ²)|Population (2009)|PIB (2005)||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Ipatinga|align=right|166|align=right|244.508|align=right|4.422.997.000|
|Timóteo|align=right|145|align=right|79.813|align=right|1.842.089.000|
|Coronel Fabriciano|align=right|221|align=right|105.037|align=right|451.426.000|
|Santana do Paraíso|align=right|276|align=right|24.695|align=right|108.346.000|
|**Total**|align=right|**808**|align=right|**449.340**|align=right|**6.824.858.000**|

## Other websites

- Official site of Coronel Fabriciano
- Official site of Ipatinga
- Official site of Timóteo
Mantle (mollusc)

The **mantle** is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs: it is the dorsal body wall which covers the organs of digestion, reproduction and movement.

In many, but not all, species of molluscs, the epidermis (skin) of the mantle secretes calcium carbonate and conchiolin, and creates a shell.

The word _mantle_ means cloak or cape, and does often resemble a cloak. The edges of the mantle may extend far beyond the main part of the body, forming flaps, double-layered structures adapted for many different uses, including for example, the _siphon_.

## The mantle cavity

The _mantle cavity_ is a central feature of molluscan biology. This cavity is formed by the mantle skirt, a double fold of mantle which encloses a water space. This space contains the mollusc's gills, anus, and organs for taste, excretion and reproductive organs.

The mantle cavity functions as a respiratory chamber in all molluscs. In bivalves it is usually part of the feeding structure. In some mollusks the mantle cavity is a brood chamber, and in cephalopods and some bivalves such as scallops, it is a locomotory organ.

The mantle is highly muscular. In cephalopods the contraction of the mantle is used to force water through a tubular _siphon_, and this propels the animal rapidly through the water. In other molluscs, it is used as a kind of "foot" for locomotion.