juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jang Sung-taek

**Jang Sung-taek** (alternatively **Jang Song Thaek** or **Chang Sung-taek**; 2 February 1946 - 13 December 2013) was a leading figure in the government of North Korea. He was married to Kim Kyong-hui, aunt of Kim Jong-un, the supreme leader of North Korea.

On 13 December, North Korean state media announced he had been executed.

## Other websites

- North Korean Leadership Watch

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jang Sung-taek
장성택
張成澤
- **office**: Vice Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea
- **alongside**: Kim Yong-Chun
Ri Yong-mu, O Kuk-ryol
- **leader**: Kim Jong-il
Kim Jong-un
- **term start**: 7 June 2010
- **term end**: 8 December 2013
- **office1**: Chairman of the State Physical Culture and Sports Guidance Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea, Workers' Party
- **premier1**: Pak Pong-ju
- **term start1**: 4 November 2012
- **term end1**: 9 December 2013
- **predecessor1**: New position
- **office2**: Chief of the Central Administrative Department of Workers' Party of Korea, Workers' Party
- **1blankname2**:

- **1namedata2**: Kim Jong-il
Kim Jong-un
- **term start2**: October 2007
- **term end2**: 8 December 2013
- **predecessor2**: New position
- **otherparty**: Workers' Party of Korea

- **birth place**: Kangwon-do (North Korea), Kangwon-do, North Korea
- **death place**: Pyongyang, North Korea
- **spouse**: Kim Kyong-hui
- **relations**: Kim Jong-il (brother-in-law)
Kim Jong-un (nephew)


## Infobox (korean name)

- **hangul**: 장성택
- **mr**: Chang Sŏngt'aek
- **rr**: Jang Seong-taek
- **context**: north
Atifete Jahjaga

**Atifete Jahjaga** (born 20 April 1975) is the fourth President of Kosovo. She was the first female President of the Republic of Kosovo.

## Other websites

- Facebook
- Twitter

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Atifete Jahjaga
- **image**: Atifete Jahjaga 2011.jpg
- **order**: 4th
- **office**: President of Kosovo
- **primeminister**: Hashim Thaçi
- **term start**: 7 April 2011
- **term end**: 7 April 2016
- **predecessor**: Jakup Krasniqi <small>(Acting)</small>
- **successor**: Hashim Thaçi
- **birth place**: Gjakova,
<small>Kosovo)</small>
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
- **spouse**: Astrit Kuçi
- **alma mater**: Universiteti i Prishtinës, University of Pristina
University of Leicester
George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, George Marshall European Center for Security Studies
FBI National Academy, Federal Bureau of Investigation National Academy
Robert Schwarz Strauss

**Robert Schwarz Strauss** (October 19, 1918 – March 19, 2014) was an American politician and diplomat. He served as the Chairman of the Democratic National Committee between 1972 and 1977 and served under President Jimmy Carter as the U.S. Trade Representative and special envoy to the Middle East.

Strauss was selected by President George H. W. Bush to be the U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union in 1991 and after the USSR's collapse, he served as the U.S. ambassador to Russia from 1991 until 1993.  Strauss has advised and represented U.S. presidents over three administrations and for both major U.S. political parties.

Strauss died from natural causes in Washington, D.C., aged 95.

## Other websites

- Strauss profile and bio at the Academy of Achievement
- Strauss bio at Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld, LLP
- Strauss bio at Answers.com
- Strauss bio at U.S.-Russia Business Council
- McGarr, Kathryn J. _The Whole Damn Deal: Robert Strauss and the Art of Politics_. PublicAffairs, 2011.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: RobertStrauss.jpg
- **office**: United States Ambassador to Russia
- **president**: George H. W. Bush
- **term start**: December 26, 1991
- **term end**: November 19, 1992
- **predecessor**: Himself as United States Ambassador to Russia, Ambassador to the Soviet Union
- **successor**: Thomas R. Pickering, Thomas Pickering
- **office1**: United States Ambassador to Russia, United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union
- **president1**: George H. W. Bush
- **term start1**: August 2, 1991
- **term end1**: December 26, 1991
- **predecessor1**: Jack F. Matlock Jr.
- **successor1**: Himself as United States Ambassador to Russia, Ambassador to Russia
- **office2**: Special Envoy for the Middle East
- **president2**: Jimmy Carter
- **term start2**: May 4, 1979
- **term end2**: November 25, 1979
- **predecessor2**: Position established
- **successor2**: Sol Linowitz
- **office3**: Office of the United States Trade Representative, United States Trade Representative
- **president3**: Jimmy Carter
- **term start3**: March 29, 1977
- **term end3**: August 17, 1979
- **predecessor3**: Frederick B. Dent, Frederick Dent
- **successor3**: Reubin Askew
- **office4**: Chairperson of the Democratic National Committee
- **term start4**: December 9, 1972
- **term end4**: January 21, 1977
- **predecessor4**: Jean Westwood (politician), Jean Westwood
- **successor4**: Kenneth M. Curtis, Kenneth Curtis
- **birth place**: Lockhart, Texas, Lockhart, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party
- **alma mater**: University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas, Austin
The Face Reader

***The Face Reader*** is a South Korean historical movie released on September 11, 2013.  It was made by director Han Jae-rim and actor Song Kang-ho (who has also acted in the movie Snowpiercer) appears in the title role of the movie. It won six awards at the 50th Grand Bell Awards, including Best Film, Best Director for Han Jae-rim, and Best Actor for Song Kang-ho. Also, at The 33rd annual Korean Association of Film Critics Awards held on November 29, The Face Reader also won three awards for Best Male Actor, Best New Actor, and Best Music Score.

## Historic background

King Munjong (1414–1452), the fifth King of the Joseon Dynasty, succeeded King Sejong in 1450 as his first son.Two years later because of disease he died and was followed by his young son King Danjong. King Danjong ascended the throne at the age of 12 and was forced to abdicate by his uncle, Grand Prince Suyang who became Sejo of Joseon, and exiled to Yeongwol County. Sejo produced a coup d'état and became the seventh king himself in 1455

## Plot

The main character, Nae-gyeong, could not run for public office as the son of a disgraced yangban living in seclusion and works as a physiognomist. He is able to assess the personality, mental state and habits of a person by looking at his or her face. One day, Yeon-hong who is a famous gisaeng in Joseon dynasty visits him to suggest a partnership reading the faces of Yeon-hong’s guest and receiving money. As becoming famous at Hanyang, a capital city of Joseon dynasty, he was called from the royal courts where he seeks out the talented person who can do work well. Meanwhile, King Munjong who has feeling of danger as his condition gets worse orders Nae-gyeong to identify the potential traitors who threaten his reign. After the death of Munjong, Nae-gyeong tries to keep his loyalty to the late King and help Kim Jongseo protect the young King which forces him into the biggest power struggle in the history of the Joseon dynasty.

## References

- http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/article/2328/critics-awards-snowpiercer-face-reader-both-win-3-awards-korean-film-critics-awards
- http://www.koreanfilm.or.kr/jsp/films/index/filmsMore.jsp?strMenuId=010401&movieCd=20126091
Oriel College, Oxford

**Oriel College** is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It claims to be the oldest college at the University. University College, Balliol College and Merton College also claim to be the oldest.  Oriel College traces its origins to 1324.

The full name of the college is "The Provost and Scholars of the House of the Blessed Mary the Virgin in Oxford, commonly called Oriel College, of the Foundation of Edward the Second of famous memory, sometime King of England".

The common name of the college refers to one of its earliest buildings That building, which no longer exists, featured a prominent bay window, known as an oriel.
Hijra (South Asia)

In the culture of South Asia, **hijras** are people who were born male who have a feminine gender identity and wear women's clothing. Hijras do not feel male or female. There are hijras in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The word 'hijra' is often translated into 'eunuch' or 'hermaphrodite'. Some hijras are eunuchs or hermaphrodites. Many are not.

## Social status

Hijras are discriminated against a lot. Many hijras do sex work because people will not give them jobs. Since November 2013, hijras in Bangladesh have been allowed to choose 'hijra' as a gender on their passports. Before this they had to choose 'male' or 'female'. Hijras have their own language called Hijra Farsi. It is also known as Koti. In 2000, Shabnam Mausi was the first hijra to be elected into Indian parliament.
Cha Tae-hyun

**Cha Tae-hyun** is a South Korean actor. He was born on March 25, 1976. He is also a singer, radio DJ and entertainer in variety programs.

## Drama

His start was in the KBS Talent Contest. In this contest, he got silver medal. His first drama was _Our Sunny Days of Youth_. He played minor roles at first. Then starting with the other dramas, he became a big star. He became popular and appeared in TV commercials. He has acted in 18 dramas. In 2013, he appeared in the TV drama _Jeon Woo-chi_.

## Movies

After _Jeon Woo-chi_, he focused on movies and TV variety programs. He appeared in 22 movies. From _Hallelujah_ (1997) to _The Grand Heist_ (2012), he performed various characters in the movies. In 2013, he prepared the movie _Slow Video_.

## TV programs

He appears on a TV variety program every Sunday. This program is called _1 night & 2 days_.

## References

- Cha Tae-hyun's official website
Nicole Beharie

**Nicole Beharie** (born January 3, 1985) is an American actress. The first movie Beharie acted in was _American Violet_. Beharie was nominated for Best Actress at the 2010 Black Reel Awards for her acting in _American Violet_. Beharie played Rachel Robinson in the 2013 movie _42_. In 2013, Beharie started playing Lt. Abbie Mills in the television series _Sleepy Hollow_.
Moroccan–American Treaty of Friendship

The **Moroccan–American Treaty of Friendship** was a treaty between Morocco and the United States. It was signed in 1786. By signing it, King Mohammed III began diplomatic relations with the newly independent United States.

## Other websites

- English text of the treaty from Yale University's Lillian Goldman Law Library
One Fine Day

**One Fine Day** is a picture book by Nonny Hogrogian. It was published by Macmillan in 1971. It was awarded the Caldecott Medal for the most distinguished picture book in 1972. The pictures have bright colors to express main character's personality. Also, it is simple story for young children (aged 0–8) to read. The red fox steals an old woman's milk and has his tail cut off. He starts to find his tail again. This is a short and humorous retelling of a favorite American folktale.

## Summary

There is a red fox that is very thirsty in the great forest. He wants to drink, so he steals an old woman's milk. She gets upset and cuts off his tail. To get back his tail, he tries to find some milk from a cow. The cow wants grass for him to give milk. He finds a grass but the grass wants some water. Again, he runs to stream to beg some water but the stream asks him to get a jug. Like this pattern, the red fox goes travel to find milk. Finally he meets kind miller and cries. The good miller gives him the grain and he brings it to a hen to get an egg. The egg is given for a peddler to get a bead. After all paying is done, he can get some milk for the old woman so she carefully sews his tail again.

### Main character

The main character is the fox that walks around the great forest. He cares about his looks, so he doesn't want to go back to his friends without his tail. He thinks that his friends will laugh at him. Also, he is sensitive. He cries a few times when the old woman gets angry or he meets a kind miller. It can be seen from the illustration, as his eyes always look pitiful to describe these personalities.
Gumi

**Gumi** is the second largest city in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. It is in the mid central part of Gyeongsangbuk-do. The Nakdong River runs through the city. Gumi is well known for its National Industrial Complex which was built in the 1970s. Manufacturing is the major industry of Gumi now, but agriculture was the main one before the complex was built.

## Tourist attractions

Gumi is famous because Geumo Mountain (Geumo San) is there.  Geumo San, designated as a provincial park in 1970, is 976 meters above sea level. It attracts many tourists because of its beautiful scenery; such as oddly formed rocks and strangely shaped stones, forests, and valleys. The mountain is best known for its unique shape.  Seeing  the mountain from a distance, it resembles the profile of a giant lying on the ground. It has become one of the favorite sites among photographers because it looks most spectacular at sunset. There are a variety of post cards with pictures of its side face of a giant.

## People

Park Chung-hee is one of the former presidents of South Korea and he was born in Gumi in 1917. Gumi became prosperous during his presidential term.  The Gyeongbu Expressway and Gyeongbu Line railway, which are the principal traffic routes of the country, were built to pass through the city. The routes could have been connected directly from Daejeon to Daegu. The rapid economic growth of Gumi resulted from the president’s care for his hometown.

## Other websites

Gumi
Emart

**Emart** is the first discount store of South Korea. The first store opened in November 1993 by Shinsegae.  Emart is the largest retailer in South Korea. There are 146 hypermarkets and 127 supermarkets called ‘Emart everyday’ across the country. Emart is the first Korean retailer to advance into China. There are 16 hypermarkets and the first branch opened at Shanghai in February,1997.

There are 4 business areas of Emart. First, there are hypermarkets and supermarkets. Second, there are Emart Traders. Emart Traders is a hypermarket warehouse store. There are 7 locations in Korea: Guseong, Songlim, Weolpyeong, Seomyeon, Busan, Ansan, and Cheonan-Asan. Third, there are specialty stores. Emart operates specialized stores to address specific lifestyle needs. Lastly, there is Emart Mall. It is an on-line shopping mall that utilizes Emart stores as logistics centres to offer Emart products. Emart stores also provide home delivery service.

Emart stores offer general home products, electronics, sporting goods, and clothing.

## References

- Official site
- Official English site

## Other websites

- Official website
- Store website
- Emart mall
Mont-Saint-Michel, Quebec

**Mont-Saint-Michel** is a municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, in Canada. It is part of the Antoine-Labelle Regional County Municipality.

## Demographics

Population change:
- Population in 2011: 633 (2006 to 2011 population change: 1.3%)
- Population in 2006: 625
- Population in 2001: 619
- Population in 1996: 616
- Population in 1991: 647

Private houses where people live permanently (all the time): 266 (total houses: 422)

Mother tongue:
- English as first language: 0%
- French as first language: 97.6%
- English and French as first language: 0%
- Other as first language: 2.4%

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mont-Saint-Michel
- **settlement type**: Municipality (Quebec), Municipality
- **image skyline**: Mont-St-Michel QC 1.JPG
- **flag size**: 120x100px
- **shield size**: 100x80px
- **motto**: _Vaillants comme nos pionniers_ (Valiant like our pioneers)
- **image map**: Mont-Saint-Michel Quebec location diagram.png
- **map caption**: Location within Antoine-Labelle RCM
- **pushpin map**: Canada Quebec
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Quebec
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision type2**: Region (Quebec), Region
- **subdivision name2**: Laurentides
- **subdivision type3**: Regional county municipality, RCM
- **subdivision name3**: Antoine-Labelle Regional County Municipality, Antoine-Labelle
- **established title**: Settled
- **established title1**: Constituted
- **established date1**: September 11, 1928
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: List of Canadian federal electoral districts, Federal riding
- **leader name1**: Laurentides—Labelle
- **leader title2**: List of Quebec provincial electoral districts, Prov. riding
- **leader name2**: Labelle (provincial electoral district), Labelle
- **area total km2**: 145.14
- **area land km2**: 138.16
- **population total**: 581
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: 4.2
- **population blank1 title**: Pop, <small>2016-2021</small>
- **population blank1**: 0.9%
- **population blank2 title**: Dwellings
- **population blank2**: 382
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: Canadian postal code, Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: List of J postal codes of Canada, J0W 1P0
- **area code**: Area code 819, 819
- **blank name**: Highways
- **blank info**:
Gravitropism

**Gravitropism** (also known as **Geotropism**) is a turning or growth movement by a plant, fungus, or animal in response to gravity. It is a general feature of all higher and many lower plants and also in other organisms. Charles Darwin was one of the first people to say that roots grow downward and stems grow upward in response to gravity.
Dr. Mario 64

***Dr. Mario 64*** is a puzzle video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64 video game console. It was released on April 8, 2001.
It was the last _Mario_ game released for the Nintendo 64. It is an updated version of _Dr. Mario_, which was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy in 1990.

## Gameplay

The gameplay of _Dr. Mario 64_ is to make sure vitamins of the same color are lined-up together. There are three colors of vitamins: red, blue, and yellow. The player has to clear the field of viruses by dropping capsules with two colors on them. The player moves the capsules as they fall by moving them left or right and rotating them. The player gets points by killing viruses. The game ends if the bottle fills up with capsules.

Up to four players can play the game at once. There are different types of single-player modes, as well as modes for two players to play at once.

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Nintendo
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **director**: Hitoshi Yamagami
Yoshiyuki Kato
- **producer**: Genyo Takeda
Junichi Yakahi
- **designer**: Hitoshi Yamagami
Kazushi Maeda
Yohei Fujigawa
- **composer**: Seiichi Tokunaga
- **platforms**: Nintendo 64, iQue Player
- **released**: **Nintendo 64**
**iQue Player**

- **genre**: Puzzle video game, Puzzle
- **modes**: Single-player, multiplayer
Beyoncé (album)

***Beyoncé*** is an eponymous fifth studio album by American singer Beyoncé, released on iTunes on December 13, 2013.
The release of the album made the iTunes website stop working. This happened because there were so many people on the website at once for the album. Timbaland, Justin Timberlake, and Pharrell Williams are producers of songs on the album. The album got good reviews. "XO" was released as the first single from the album. On December 21, 2013 the album will be released on CD and DVD in the United States. _Billboard_ chose the album as the best of 2013.

## Songs

_Beyoncé_ starts with "Pretty Hurts". The third track "Drunk in Love" was released as one of the album's two lead singles. Jay-Z, Knowles' husband, raps in it. The song is about how much Knowles likes having sex with Jay-Z.  "Partition" is about having sex in a limousine. In "Mine", Drake raps. The song "Superpower" has Frank Ocean singing in it. "XO" was released as a lead single to the album.

## Feminism

The album has a feminist theme. "Flawless", the eleventh song on the album, samples "Why We Should All Be Feminists", a TED talk by the Nigerian writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. In _New Statesman_ Laurie Penny described "Blow" as being about how Knowles likes being given cunnilingus. She compared it to Prince. In the song "Drunk in Love" Jay-Z raps about domestic violence. The lyric was criticized for making violence against women seem like a good thing.

## Sales

The album sold 80,000 copies in the first three hours after it was released. In slightly under a day it sold 430,000 copies. In its first three days the album sold 828,773 copies. It sold over a million copies in less than a week. The album sold more quickly than any other album on iTunes ever. It went straight to number one in the _Billboard_ 200. This made it her fifth number one album. It also entered the Canadian Albums Chart at number one. and the UK Albums Chart at number five

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Beyoncé
- **type**: Studio
- **artist**: Beyoncé
- **alt**: .
- **recorded**: 2012–2013
- **prev title**: 4: The Remix
(2012)
- **next title**: Beyoncé: Platinum Edition
(2014)
Court Appointed Special Advocate

**Court Appointed Special Advocates** (**CASA**) is an organization in the United States. CASA supports and promotes advocates for abused or neglected children which are appointed by courts of law. The purpose is to provide children with a safe and healthy living environment in permanent homes. The program is similar to, but in most states is not the same as a legal guardian (_Guardians ad litem_). According to National CASA, today there are more than 77,000 advocates. They serve in 933 state and local program offices nationwide. Because of these volunteers, 233,000 children have been assisted through CASA services.

## Training

Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) are in cities all over the United States. Advocates receive training on the laws of child abuse and neglect. They learn how to interview children and how to work with children with special needs. All advocates are trained to evaluate a family's situation. The typical training is about 30 hours spent in workshops and 10 hours spent in observing court cases and procedures. They also receive 12 hours of in-service training each year. Each CASA location has a volunteer coordinator. Together with a location's overseer (manager) they give help and advice to the advocates.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: **Court Appointed Special Advocates**
- **motto**: "A Powerful Voice in a Child's Life®”
- **formation**: 1977
- **type**: Youth organization
- **status**: Non-profit organization
- **purpose**: "The mission of the National Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) Association, together with its state and local members, is to support and promote court-appointed volunteer advocacy so that every abused or neglected child can be safe, establish permanence and have the opportunity to thrive."
- **headquarters**: Seattle, Seattle, Washington
- **region served**: United States
- **leader title**: Chief Executive Officer
- **leader name**: Michael Piraino
Mac McGarry

**Maurice James "Mac" McGarry** (June 15, 1926 – December 12, 2013) was an American television personality. He was the longtime host of the television quiz show _It's Academic_. It airs in Washington, D.C. on NBC-owned WRC-TV. He hosted the show for five decades, from October 7, 1961, when it first aired, until June 25, 2011.

McGarry died of complications from pneumonia on December 12, 2013, aged 87, at his home in Potomac, Maryland.

## Other websites

- Mac McGarry radio credits
Nehemiah Persoff

**Nehemiah Persoff** (August 2, 1919 – April 5, 2022) was an American actor and artist. He was known for his roles in _The Comancheros_, _Some Like It Hot_, _An American Tail_, _The Wrong Man_, and in _Twins_. His career has lasted for over 50 years.

Persoff was born in Jerusalem, on August 2, 1919. He was raised in New York City. Persoff studied the Actors Studio. He was married to Thia Persoff between 1951 and her death in 2021. They had four children.

Persoff died on April 5, 2022 at a care home in San Luis Obispo, California from heart failure, aged 102.

## Other websites

- Nehemiah Persoff Paintings

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Nehemiah Persoff 1960.JPG
- **caption**: Persoff in 1960
- **name**: Nehemiah Persoff
- **birth place**: Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine
- **death place**: San Luis Obispo, California, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1948–1999
- **signature**: NehemiahPersoff.png
Compact star

In astronomy, the term **compact star** or **compact object** is used to refer collectively to white dwarfs, neutron stars, other exotic dense stars, and black holes.

Most compact stars are at the end of their stellar evolution. They are called **stellar remnants**: the form of the remnant depends mainly on the mass of the star when it formed. These objects are small for their mass. Astronomic objects with an unknown nature are often called _compact star_, when evidence suggests that they are very massive and that they have a small radius.  A compact star which is not a black hole is sometimes called a **degenerate star**.
Heinz Zemanek

**Heinz Zemanek** (January 1, 1920 – July 16, 2014) was an Austrian computer scientist. Zemanek developed the first complete transistorised computer in Europe.

## Other websites

- Oral history interview with Heinz Zemanek
- Picture (.jpg)
- life of zemanek

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Heinz Zemanek
- **image**: Heinz Zemanek JKU 2007.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Heinz Zemanek in 2007
- **birth place**: Vienna
- **death place**: Vienna, Austria
- **field**: Computer scientist
- **work institution**: Vienna University of Technology, IBM
- **alma mater**: Vienna University of Technology
- **known for**: Mailüfterl, PL/I
- **prizes**: Austrian Decoration for Science and Art, Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class (2005)
Stoner (novel)

***Stoner*** is a novel from 1965 by the American writer John Williams. The book is about a man called William Stoner who goes to university in Missouri. The book tells the story of William Stoner's life, his job at the university and his wife Edith. It was published by Viking Press.

In December 2013, the British bookshop Waterstones gave it their prize for Book of the Year.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Stoner
- **author**: John Edward Williams, John Williams
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **publisher**: Viking Press
- **release date**: 1965
- **pages**: 288
- **isbn**: 1-59017-199-3
- **dewey**: 813/.54 22
- **congress**: PS3545.I5286 S7 2003
- **oclc**: 61253892
Lars-Emil Johansen

**Lars Emil Johansen** (born 1946) was the Prime Minister of Greenland. He was the Prime Minister of Greenland from 1991-1997. He was born in Illorsuit. Johansen represented Greenland in the Parliament of Denmark from 1973, a position he regained in 2001 and held until 2009. He was speaker of the Inatsisartut from 2013 to 2018, after which he retired.
Kuupik Kleist

**Jakob Edvard Kuupik Kleist** (born 31 March 1958) was the Prime Minister of Greenland from 2009 to 2013. He was succeeded by Aleqa Hammond.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kuupik Vandersee Kleist
- **image**: Kuupik Kleist.jpg
- **order**: 4th
- **office**: Prime Minister of Greenland
- **monarch**: Margrethe II of Denmark, Margrethe II
- **deputy**: Jens B. Frederiksen
- **term start**: 12 June 2009
- **term end**: 5 April 2013
- **predecessor**: Hans Enoksen
- **successor**: Aleqa Hammond
- **office1**: Special member state territories and the European Union#Overseas countries and territories, Chairman of the OCT
 for Greenland–European Union relations, Greenland
- **term start1**: 23 January 2012
- **term end1**: 25 September 2012
- **office2**: Inuit Ataqatigiit#Leaders of the Inuit Ataqatigiit, Leader of the Inuit Ataqatigiit
- **term start2**: 10 June 2007
- **term end2**: Present
- **deputy2**: Aqqaluaq B. Egede
- **predecessor2**: Josef Motzfeldt
- **office3**: Parliament of Greenland, Member of the Greenlandic Parliament
- **term start3**: 8 February 2002
- **term end3**: Present
- **office4**: Folketing, Member of the Danish Parliament
- **term start4**: 20 November 2001
- **term end4**: 13 November 2007
- **office5**: Parliament of Greenland, Member of the Greenlandic Parliament
- **term start5**: 1995
- **term end5**: 1996
- **office6**: Minister of Public Works and Transport (Greenland), Minister of Public Works and Transport
- **primeminister6**: Lars Emil Johansen
- **term start6**: 1991
- **term end6**: 1995
- **birth place**: Qullissat, Greenland
- **birthname**: Jakob Edvard Kuupik Kleist
- **nationality**: Greenlandic
- **party**: Inuit Ataqatigiit
- **spouse**: Aviaaja Vandersee Kleist <small>(2012–present)</small>
- **children**: 5
- **alma mater**: University of Roskilde
- **website**: [http://ia.gl/politiker/kuupik-kleist/ ia.gl/kuupik-kleist]
Abdelmalek Sellal

**Abdelmalek Sellal** (عبد الملك سلال) (born 1 August 1948) is an Algerian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Algeria from 29 April 2014 to 25 May 2017. He previously served as the Prime Minister of Algeria from 3 September 2012 to 13 March 2014. His predecessor was Ahmed Ouyahia. In February 2022, Abdelmalek Sellal was hospitalized at the CHU Mustapha-Pacha in Algiers for contamination with the Omicron variant of covid-19 and had health problems related to the latter.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Abdelmalek Sellal

- **image**: Abdelmalek Sellal-IMG 3477.jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Algeria
- **president**: Abdelaziz Bouteflika
- **term start**: 29 April 2014
- **term end**: 25 May 2017
- **predecessor**: Youcef Yousfi
- **successor**: Abdelmadjid Tebboune
- **office1**: Prime Minister of Algeria
- **president1**: Abdelaziz Bouteflika
- **term start1**: 3 September 2012
- **term end1**: 13 March 2014
- **predecessor1**: Ahmed Ouyahia
- **successor1**: Youcef Yousfi
- **birth place**: Constantine, Algeria, Constantine, French Algeria, Algeria
- **party**: National Liberation Front (Algeria), National Liberation Front
Jigme Thinley

**Jigme Yoser Thinley** (born 9 September 1952) was the Prime Minister of Bhutan. He began his term as Prime Minister in 2008. It ended in 2013. He was succeeded by Tshering Tobgay.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Jigme Thinley
- **image**: Jigme Thinley (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Bhutan
- **monarch**: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
- **term start**: 9 April 2008
- **term end**: 30 July 2013
- **predecessor**: Kinzang Dorji
- **successor**: Tshering Tobgay
- **monarch1**: Jigme Singye Wangchuck
- **term start1**: 30 August 2003
- **term end1**: 18 August 2004
- **predecessor1**: Khandu Wangchuk
- **successor1**: Jigme Thinley
- **monarch2**: Jigme Singye Wangchuck
- **term start2**: 20 July 1998
- **term end2**: 9 July 1999
- **predecessor2**: Jigme Palden Dorji
- **successor2**: Sangay Ngedup
- **birth place**: Bumthang District, Bumthang, Bhutan
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party, Peace and Prosperity Party
- **alma mater**: Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Tshering Tobgay

**Tshering Tobgay** (born 19 September 1965) is a Bhutanese politician who is serving as the Prime Minister of Bhutan since 2024, he  served as Prime Minister previously from 2013 to 2018. He began his term as Prime Minister in 2012. His predecessor was Jigme Thinley.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Tshering Tobgay
- **image**: Tshering Tobgay.jpg
- **alt**: Bhutan's Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay.
- **office**: Prime Minister of Bhutan
- **monarch**: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, Jigme Khesar Namgyel
Wangchuck
- **term start**: 28 January 2024
- **predecessor**: Lotay Tshering
- **monarch1**: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, Jigme Khesar Namgyel
Wangchuck
- **term start1**: 30 July 2013
- **term end1**: 9 August 2018
- **predecessor1**: Jigme Thinley
- **successor1**: Lotay Tshering
- **birth place**: Haa District, Haa, Bhutan
- **party**: People's Democratic Party (Bhutan), People's Democratic Party
Željko Komšić

**Željko Komšić** (born 1964) is the President of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He began his term as president in 2013. His predecessor was Nebojša Radmanović.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Željko Komšić
- **image**: Željko Komšić (2025-12-17) (cropped).jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **office**: 12th Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **term start**: 16 July 2025
- **predecessor**: Željka Cvijanović
- **term start1**: 17 July 2023
- **term end1**: 16 March 2024
- **predecessor1**: Željka Cvijanović
- **successor1**: Denis Bećirović
- **term start2**: 20 July 2021
- **term end2**: 20 March 2022
- **predecessor2**: Milorad Dodik
- **successor2**: Šefik Džaferović
- **term start3**: 20 July 2019
- **term end3**: 20 March 2020
- **predecessor3**: Milorad Dodik
- **successor3**: Šefik Džaferović
- **term start4**: 10 July 2013
- **term end4**: 10 March 2014
- **predecessor4**: Nebojša Radmanović
- **successor4**: Bakir Izetbegović
- **term start5**: 10 July 2011
- **term end5**: 10 March 2012
- **predecessor5**: Nebojša Radmanović
- **successor5**: Bakir Izetbegović
- **term start6**: 6 July 2009
- **term end6**: 6 March 2010
- **predecessor6**: Nebojša Radmanović
- **successor6**: Haris Silajdžić
- **term start7**: 6 July 2007
- **term end7**: 6 March 2008
- **predecessor7**: Nebojša Radmanović
- **successor7**: Haris Silajdžić
- **office8**: 6th List of Croat members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croat Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **term start8**: 20 November 2018
- **primeminister8**: Zoran Tegeltija
 Borjana Krišto
- **predecessor8**: Dragan Čović
- **term start9**: 6 November 2006
- **term end9**: 17 November 2014
- **primeminister9**: Nikola Špirić
 Vjekoslav Bevanda
- **predecessor9**: Ivo Miro Jović
- **successor9**: Dragan Čović
- **office10**: President of the Democratic Front (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Democratic Front
- **term start10**: 7 April 2013
- **predecessor10**: _Office established_
- **office11**: Member of the House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, House of Representatives
- **term start11**: 9 December 2014
- **term end11**: 20 November 2018
- **birth place**: Sarajevo, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFR Yugoslavia
- **party**: Democratic Front (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Democratic Front )
- **otherparty**: Social Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Social Democratic Party )
- **children**: 1
- **residence**: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **education**: Sarajevo III Gymnasium
- **alma mater**: University of Sarajevo (Bachelor of Laws, LL.B.)
- **occupation**: Politician, diplomat
- **profession**: Jurist
- **branch**: Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **serviceyears**: 1992–1996
- **rank**: Platoon leader
- **battles**: Bosnian War
- **awards**:  Orders, decorations, and medals of Bosnia and Herzegovina#Orders, Order of the Golden Lily 1st Class
Vjekoslav Bevanda

**Vjekoslav Bevanda** (born 13 May 1956) is the Prime Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He began his term as Prime Minister in 2012. His predecessor was Nikola Špirić.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Vjekoslav Bevanda
- **image**: Vjekoslav Bevanda 2012 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Prime Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **president**: Željko Komšić
Bakir Izetbegović
Nebojša Radmanović
Željko Komšić
- **term start**: 12 January 2012
- **predecessor**: Nikola Špirić
- **birth place**: Mostar, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia

- **party**: Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatian Democratic Union
- **alma mater**: University Džemal Bijedić of Mostar, University of Mostar
Ian Khama

**Seretse Khama Ian Khama** (born 27 February 1953) was the President of Botswana from 2008 to 2018. Khama was Vice President of Botswana before he became President. He was also a pilot in his younger years. Khama began his term as President on 1 April 2008 and served until 1 April 2018. His predecessor was Festus Mogae. His father, Seretse Khama, was the first President of Botswana. In April 2022, Ian Khama was summoned by the justice of his country. The former head of state is accused, among other things, of illegal possession of a firearm. The case dates back to 2016. In December 2022, an arrest warrant was issued by Bostwana against Ian Khama who is believed to be in South Africa.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ian Khama
- **office**: 4th President of Botswana
- **image**: Ian Khama (2014) (cropped).jpg
- **predecessor**: Festus Mogae
- **successor**: Mokgweetsi Masisi
- **vicepresident**: Mokgweetsi Masisi
Ponatshego Kedikilwe
Mompati Merafhe
- **party**: Botswana Democratic Party
- **office1**: 5th Vice-President of Botswana, Vice President of Botswana
- **predecessor1**: Festus Mogae
- **president1**: Festus Mogae
- **successor1**: Mompati Sebogodi Merafhe
- **birth name**: Ian Seretse Khama
- **birth place**: Chertsey, England, United Kingdom, UK
- **parents**: Seretse Khama
Ruth Williams Khama, Ruth Williams
- **alma mater**: Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
- **serviceyears**: 1977–1998
- **rank**: Botswana military ranks and insignia, Lieutenant General
- **commands**: Botswana Defence Force
- **term start**: 1 April 2008
- **term end**: 1 April 2018
- **term start1**: 13 July 1998
- **term end1**: 1 April 2008
Hassanal Bolkiah

**Hassanal Bolkiah** (born **Hassanal Bolkiah Mu´izzadin Waddaulah**; 1946) is the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei. He succeeded to the throne following the abdication of his father, Omar Ali Saifuddien III, in 1967.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Hassanal Bolkiah
- **image**: Hassanal Bolkiah, October 2021.jpg
- **succession**: List of Sultans of Brunei, Sultan of Brunei
- **reign**: 4 October 1967 – present
- **coronation**: 1 August 1968
- **predecessor**: Omar Ali Saifuddien III
- **successor**: Al-Muhtadee Billah
- **spouses**:

- **issue-link**: #Marriage and children, '
- **issue**: Al-Muhtadee Billah
Abdul Prince Azim, Azim
Abdul Malik
Abdul Mateen Bolkiah, Mateen
Abdul Wakeel
Rashida
Muta-Wakkilah
Majeedah Bolkiah, Majeedah
Hafizah
Azemah
Fadzillah
Ameerah
- **house**: House of Bolkiah
- **birth place**: Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Town, Brunei
- **religion**: Islam
- **signature**: Signature of Hassanal Bolkiah.svg
- **caption**: Hassanal in 2021
Rosen Plevneliev

**Rosen Asenov Plevndeliev** (born 14 May 1964) is the previous President of Bulgaria. He began his term as President in elections in 2012 and had two mandates to 2017. His predecessor was Georgi Parvanov. Before he was president, Plevneliev was a minister worker for development and public works.

## Other websites

- Personal wesbite

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rosen Plevneliev
- **image**: Rosen_Plevneliev_2015.jpg
- **office**: 5th List of heads of state of Bulgaria, President of Bulgaria
- **primeminister**: Boyko Borisov
Marin Raykov
Plamen Oresharski
Georgi Bliznashki
- **vicepresident**: Margarita Popova
- **term start**: 22 January 2012
- **term end**: 22 January 2017
- **predecessor**: Georgi Parvanov
- **successor**: Rumen Radev
- **office1**: Minister of Regional Development and Public Works
- **primeminister1**: Boyko Borisov
- **term start1**: 27 July 2009
- **term end1**: 9 September 2011
- **predecessor1**: Asen Gagauzov
- **successor1**: Lilyana Pavlova
- **birthname**: Rosen Asenov Plevleniev
- **birth place**: Gotse Delchev (town), Gotse Delchev, People's Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgaria
- **party**: Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria
Independent (politician), Independent
- **spouse**: Yuliyana Plevnelieva
- **children**: Filip
Asen
Pavel
- **alma mater**: Technical University of Sofia
Boyko Borisov

**Boyko Metodiev Borisov** (born 13 June 1959) was the Prime minister of Bulgaria. He previously served as prime minister from 2009 to 2013. He was succeeded by Marin Raykov. Before he was prime minister, Borisov was mayor of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **embed**: yes
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **years1**: 2007–2014
- **clubs1**: FC Vitosha Bistritsa, Vitosha Bistritsa
- **caps1**: 23
- **goals1**: 27


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Boyko Borisov
- **image**: A23A2466 (48914164671) (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Bulgaria
- **term start**: 4 May 2017
- **term end**: 12 May 2021
- **president**: Rumen Radev
- **deputy**: Tomislav Donchev
Krasimir Karakachanov
Ekaterina Zaharieva
- **predecessor**: Ognyan Gerdzhikov (acting)
- **successor**: Stefan Yanev (general), Stefan Yanev (acting)
- **term start2**: 7 November 2014
- **term end2**: 27 January 2017
- **president2**: Rosen Plevneliev
Rumen Radev
- **deputy2**: Simeon Dyankov
Tsvetan Tsvetanov
- **predecessor2**: Georgi Bliznashki (acting)
- **successor2**: Ognyan Gerdzhikov (acting)
- **term start3**: 27 July 2009
- **term end3**: 13 March 2013
- **president3**: Georgi Parvanov
Rosen Plevneliev
- **deputy3**: Simeon Dyankov
Tsvetan Tsvetanov
- **predecessor3**: Sergey Stanishev
- **successor3**: Marin Raykov (acting)
- **office4**: GERB, Chairman of GERB
- **term start4**: 3 December 2006
- **predecessor4**: _Position established_
- **office5**: List of mayors of Sofia, Mayor of Sofia
- **term start5**: 10 November 2005
- **term end5**: 27 July 2009
- **predecessor5**: Stefan Sofiyanski
- **successor5**: Yordanka Fandakova
- **birth place**: Bankya, People's Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgaria
- **nationality**: Bulgarian
- **party**: Bulgarian Communist Party, Communist Party (before 1990)
National Movement for Stability and Progress, National Movement Simeon II (2001–2005)
Independent (2005-2006)
GERB (2006–present)
- **spouse**: Stela Borisova (divorced)
- **partner**: Tsvetelina Borislavova (separated)
- **children**: 1
- **signature**: Accession Treaty 2011 Boïko Borissov signature.svg
- **native name**: Бойко Борисов
- **native name lang**: bg
Marin Raykov

**Marin Raykov Nikolov** (born 1959) is the Prime minister of Bulgaria. He began his term as Prime minister in 2013. His predecessor was Boyko Borisov. Before he was prime minister, Raykov was a Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was born in Washington, D.C..

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Marin Raykov
- **image**: Марин Райков на съвместна пресконференция с Хашим Тачи (8741636514) (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Bulgaria

- **president**: Rosen Plevneliev
- **term start**: 13 March 2013
- **term end**: 29 May 2013
- **predecessor**: Boyko Borisov
- **successor**: Plamen Oresharski
- **office1**: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bulgaria), Minister of Foreign Affairs

- **term start1**: 13 March 2013
- **term end1**: 29 May 2013
- **predecessor1**: Nikolay Mladenov
- **successor1**: Kristian Vigenin
- **birth place**: Washington, DC, USA
- **party**: Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria), Union of Democratic Forces
Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria, Citizens for European Development
Independent (politician), Independent
- **alma mater**: University of National and World Economy, University of National and
World Economy
Luc-Adolphe Tiao

**Luc-Adolphe Tiao** (born 4 June 1954) is a former Prime Minister of Burkina Faso. He served as Prime Minister from 2011 to 2014. His predecessor was Tertius Zongo. Before he was prime minister, Tiao studied to be a priest. Tiao resigned in December 27, 2012, but then-President of Burkina Faso Blaise Compaoré reappointed him as Prime Minister three days later.

On 30 October 2014, it was reported that President Blaise Compaoré decided to dissolve the government and declare a state of emergency. On 31 October 2014, Compaoré resigned.

## Biography

Luc-Adolphe Tiao studied journalism at the University of Dakar, graduating in 1980.

In 1988, he participated in the founding of the Journalists Association of Burkina Faso, which he chaired until 1990. In 1992, Tiao was appointed press officer of the Burkina Faso embassy in France. From 1997, he was in charge of communication with the Prime Minister, before being president of the High Council of Communication from 2001 to 2008, when he returned to Paris, this time as ambassador. He remains in office until his appointment as Prime Minister in April 2011.

On October 30, 2014, following a popular uprising in Ouagadougou, the government is dissolved.

In 2015, he supported a doctoral thesis in "Communication, Arts and Entertainment" at the University Bordeaux-Montaigne.

On September 16, 2016, after returning from Ivory Coast where he had been in exile for two years, Tiao is charged with "murder".

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Luc-Adolphe Tiao
- **office**: List of Prime Ministers of Burkina Faso, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso
- **president**: Blaise Compaoré
- **term start**: 18 April 2011
- **term end**: 30 October 2014
- **predecessor**: Tertius Zongo
- **successor**: Yacouba Isaac Zida
- **birth place**: Tenkodogo, French Upper Volta, Upper Volta
<small>(now Burkina Faso)</small>
- **party**: Congress for Democracy and Progress
- **alma mater**: Cheikh Anta Diop University, University of Dakar
University of Ouagadougou
Pierre Nkurunziza

**Pierre Nkurunziza** (18 December 1964 – 8 June 2020) was the President of Burundi. He began his term as President in 2005. He replaced Domitien Ndayizeye.

Before he was President, Nkurunziza was an activist for freedom fighting. His father was also a politician in Burundi.

Nkurunziza was hospitalized on 6 June 2020 after feeling unwell in Karuzi, Burundi. He later had a heart attack on two days later and died at the age of 55.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Pierre Nkurunziza
- **image**: President Nkurunziza of Burundi (6920275109) (cropped).jpg
- **office**: List of Presidents of Burundi, President of Burundi
- **vicepresident**: Martin Nduwimana
Yves Sahinguvu
Terence Sinunguruza
- **term start**: 26 August 2005
- **term end**: 8 June 2020
- **predecessor**: Domitien Ndayizeye
- **successor**: Evariste Ndayishimiye
- **birth place**: Bujumbura, Burundi
- **death place**: Karuzi, Burundi
- **death cause**: Myocardial infarction
- **party**: National Council for the Defense of Democracy–Forces for the Defense of Democracy, National Council for the Defense of Democracy
- **spouse**: Denise Bucumi
- **alma mater**: University of Burundi
- **signature**: Pierre Nkurunziza signature.png
Thein Sein

**Thein Sein** (born 20 April 1945) is a Burmese politician. He was elected President of Burma in 2010. His term as president began in 2011 and ended in 2016. His predecessor was Than Shwe. Before he was president, Sein was Prime Minister of Burma. Sein was also a member of parliament for Zabuthiri.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Burmese honorifics, U
- **name**: Thein Sein
- **native name lang**: my
- **image**: Thein Sein at 2010 World Economic Forum.jpg
- **office**: List of Presidents of Burma, 8th President of Myanmar
- **vicepresident**: Tin Aung Myint Oo (2011-2012)
Sai Mauk Kham (2011-)
Nyan Tun (2012-)
- **term start**: 30 March 2011
- **term end**: 30 March 2016
- **predecessor**: Than Shwe
- **successor**: Htin Kyaw
- **office1**: Prime Minister of Myanmar
- **leader1**: Than Shwe
- **term start1**: 24 October 2007
- **term end1**: 30 March 2011

- **predecessor1**: Soe Win
- **successor1**: Aung San Suu Kyi
- **office2**: First Secretary of the State Peace and Development Council
- **term start2**: 2004
- **term end2**: 24 October 2007
- **predecessor2**: Khin Nyunt
- **successor2**: Tin Aung Myint Oo
- **office3**: Member of Parliament
for Zabuthiri Township, Zabuthiri
- **term start3**: 7 November 2010
- **term end3**: 30 March 2011
- **predecessor3**: Constituency established
- **successor3**: Sanda Min
- **majority3**: 65,620 (91.2%)
- **birth place**: Ngapudaw Township, Kyounku, British rule in Burma, British Burma
(now Burma)
- **party**: Union Solidarity and Development Party
- **otherparty**: State Peace and Development Council
- **spouse**: Khin Khin Win
- **alma mater**: Defence Services Academy <small>(B.A.)</small>
- **residence**: Presidential Palace, Naypyidaw
- **branch**: Myanmar Army
- **serviceyears**: 1968–2010
- **rank**: General officer, General