Kendang

**Kendang** or **Gendang**  is a two-headed drum. It is used by people from the Indonesian Archipelago. Kendang is one of the first instruments used in the Gamelan ensembles of Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese, the Kendang ensemble as well as various Kulintang ensembles in Indonesia. It is made in many ways by different ethnic groups.

### Sundanese

In Sundanese Gamelan, a minimum set consists of three drums.
- ***' (large drum)
- ***', two (small drum). Kendang _Kulanter_ is divided into two, namely the **Katipung** and the **Kutiplak**.
Many types of Sundanese Kendang are distinguished according to their function in accompaniment :
- _Kendang Kiliningan_
- _Kendang Jaipongan_
- _Kendang Ketuk Tilu_
- _Kendang Keurseus_
- _Kendang Penca_
- _Kendang Bajidor_
- _Kendang Sisingaan_ and others.
Each type of drums in Sundanese music has a difference in size, pattern, variety, and motif.

### Javanese

In Gamelan Surakarta, four sizes of kendhang are used:
- ***', ***' (_krama/ngoko_, similar to ), or ***' is the largest , which usually has the deepest tone. It is played by itself in the  (lit. "single drum") style, which is used for the most solemn or majestic pieces or parts of pieces. It is played with the kendhang ketipung for  (lit. "double drum") style, which is used in faster tempos and less solemn pieces.
- ***' is also medium-sized, and was traditionally used to accompany  performances, although now other drums can be used as well.
- ***' or ***' is a medium-sized drum, used for the most complex or lively rhythms. It is typically used for livelier sections within a piece. The word _ciblon_ derives from a Javanese type of water-play, where people smack the water with different hand shapes to give different sounds and complex rhythms. The technique of this , which is said to imitate the water-play, is more difficult to learn than the other kendang styles.
- ***' is the smallest , used with the  in  (double drum) style.

### Balinese

In , there are two :
- ***', the "female" and lowest pitched.
- ***', the "male" and highest pitched.

### Makassarese

***' (Makassarese s) can be divided to three types:
- ***' is the largest drums as a result it is also called ***' (largest drum in Makassarese language).These drums are usually used in important sacred ceremonies such as blessing for sultanate's heirlooms.
- ***' are usually smaller with diameters measuring in 30–40 cm, which are usually used for  dance, which used 2-4 drums with differing beats and symbolizes the men's strength and vitality.
- ***' are usually the smallest with diameters measuring in 20–25 cm, and used as martial arts accompaniments.

### Buginese

Among the Bugis ***' there are two types of playing techniques based on the position of the . if the  is placed on the player's lap it is called ***'. If the players are standing with the s tied with a shoulder strap it is called ***', this position are usually used for sacred ceremony, or for entertainment like  beating of rice mortars or . There are generally three types of beats pattern in  playing:
- ***' patterns are usually the beginning as intro
- ***' are played afterwards which are usually more energetic
- ***' patterns are used afterward, as finale.

## Related pages

- Dabakan
- Gendang beleq
- Rampak Kendang

## Further reading

- Sumarsam. _Javanese Gamelan Instruments and Vocalists_. 1978-1979.

## Other websites

- Kendang information, with audio
- Rampak Kendang in Google.

## Infobox (instrument)

- **name**: Kendang
- **image**: Traditional indonesian drums.jpg
- **image size**: 260px
- **caption**: Javanese kendang in gamelan
- **inventors**: Javanese people, Javanese, Sundanese people, Sundanese, Balinese people, Balinese
- **developed**: Indonesia


## Infobox (intangible heritage)

- **image**:
- **caption**: Gamelan musical instrument
- **ich**: Gamelan
- **state party**: Indonesia
- **domains**: Traditional craftsmanship, oral traditions and expressions, performing arts, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe, social practices, rituals and festive events
- **id**: 01607
- **region**: APA
- **year**: 2021
- **session**: 16th
- **list**: Representative List
- **link**: https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/gamelan-01607
- **below**:
- **note**: **Gamelan variations** consist of: Javanese people, Javanese gamelan (gamelan jawa) of Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta, Balinese people, Balinese gamelan (gamelan bali) of Bali, Sundanese people, Sundanese gamelan (gamelan sunda) of West Java, Madurese people, Madurese gamelan (gamelan madura), Malay gamelan (gamelan melayu), Banyuwangi Regency, Banyuwangian Gamelan (gamelan banyuwangi) of East Java, Palembangese gamelan (gamelan palembang) of Palembang, Gendang beleq of West Nusa Tenggara, Banjar people, Banjarese gamelan (gamelan banjar) of South Kalimantan, Gamelan peking of Lampung, and Talempong of West Sumatra.
**Gamelan instruments**:
slab-type (wilahan) instruments (Saron (instrument), saron/sarun/pemade, demung/sarun ganal, Gendèr/kiliningan, slenthem/selentem/jegogan, peking/sarun paking/kantilan, kecrek/keprak),
gong-type (pencon) instruments (gong, kempul, kenong, bonang, trompong, kethuk, talempong, kempyang),
String instruments (siter, celempung, kecapi, rebab),
Bamboo instrument (suling),
Drums instruments (kendhang, Bedug, ketipung, gendang beleq),
Wooden instrument (gambang)
Idiophone instrument (kemanak)