juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Winfried Kretschmann

**Winfried Kretschmann** (born May 17, 1948 in Spaichingen) is the Minister-President of the Southwest German federal state of Baden-Württemberg. He is the first Minister-President of the Green Party.

Kretschmann is born to Catholic parents. He went to school in Riedlingen (District of Biberach). His parents wanted him to become a priest. Instead he joined a school for teaching education and became teacher for Biology, Chemistry and Ethics.

## Political career

Kretschmann started his political career at the Communist League of West Germany in 1973. He later changed his view and is now part of the more conservative Green party.

In 1979/80 he was a co-founder of the Green Party in Baden-Württemberg. He was leader of the Green Party in Baden-Württemberg from 1983 to 1984 and 2002 to 2011. In 2011 he became ninth Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg. He was President of the Bundesrat from 2012 to 2013.

In the parliamentarian of the Baden-Wuerttemberg state parliament election 2016 he was reelected.

## Personal life

Kretschmann is married and has three children.
Riedlingen

**Riedlingen** is a town in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg. About 10,000 people live there. It is near the Danube.

## History

Riedlingen is over 1,000 years old. Its foundation is dated back to the 13th century. Documents mention it as early as 835. In 1806, it became part of the Kingdom of Württemberg. In 1973 it became part of the District of Biberach.

## Politics

Riedlingen's current mayor is Marcus Schafft (CDU).

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Riedlingen Flohmarkt 2004 2.jpg
- **image coa**: DEU Riedlingen COA.svg
- **image plan**: Riedlingen in BC.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Tübingen Government Region, Tübingen
- **district**: Biberach (district), Biberach
- **elevation**: 540
- **area**: 64.97
- **population**: 10351
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 88499
- **area code**: 07371
- **licence**: BC
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 4 26 097
- **divisions**: 7
- **mayor**: Marcus Oliver Schafft
François Cavanna

**François Cavanna** (22 February 1923 – 29 January 2014) was a French author and satirical newspaper editor.
He helped create the _Hara Kiri_ and _Charlie Hebdo_. He wrote in many of genres including reportage, satire, essays, novels, autobiography and humor. He also translated six books about famous cartoonists.

Cavanna was born on 22 February 1923 in Nogent-sur-Marne. his father was Italian. Cavanna died on 29 January 2014 in Créteil, France from Parkinson's disease, aged 90.
Ralph Hall

**Ralph Moody Hall** (May 3, 1923 – March 7, 2019) was an American politician. He was a United States representative from Texas from 1981 through 2015.

He was the dean of the Texas congressional delegation. He was also the former chairman of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology from 2011 to 2013.

He is also a member of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. Originally a member of the Democratic Party for more than fifty years, in 2004 he switched to the Republican Party.

He was the last of two World War II veterans serving in Congress, the other being Michigan Congressman John Dingell.

Hall was born on May 3, 1923 in Fate, Texas. He studied at Southern Methodist University. Hall married Mary Ellen in 1944. They had three children. Ellen died in 2008. Hall died at his ranch in Rockwall, Texas, a suburb of Dallas on March 7, 2019 from cardiac arrest, aged 95.

## Other websites

- Ralph Hall for Congress
- Profile  at SourceWatch

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ralph Hall
- **image**: Ralph Hall, official photo portrait, color.jpg
- **birth name**: Ralph Moody Hall
- **birth place**: Fate, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: Rockwall, Texas, U.S.
- **state1**: Texas
- **district1**: Texas's 4th congressional district, 4th
- **term start1**: January 3, 1981
- **term end1**: January 3, 2015
- **preceded1**: Ray Roberts
- **succeeded1**: John Ratcliffe (American politician), John Ratcliffe
- **office2**: Chairman of the United States House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, House Committee on Science, Space and Technology
- **term start2**: January 3, 2011
- **term end2**: January 3, 2013
- **preceded2**: Bart Gordon
- **succeeded2**: Lamar S. Smith
- **state senate3**: Texas
- **district3**: 9th
- **term start3**: January 8, 1963
- **term end3**: January 9, 1973
- **preceded3**: Ray Roberts
- **succeeded3**: Ron Clower
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican (2004–2019)
 Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (1950–2004)
- **spouse**: Mary Ellen Hall (1944-2008, her death)
- **children**: Hampton Hall
 Brett Hall
 Blakeley Hall
- **alma mater**: Southern Methodist University
- **residence**: Rockwall, Texas
- **occupation**: attorney
- **branch**: United States Navy
- **rank**: Lieutenant
- **serviceyears**: 1942–1945
- **battles**: World War II
Tlatelolco (Mexico City)

**Tlatelolco** (__) is an area in the Cuauhtémoc borough of Mexico City. It is centered on the Plaza de las Tres Culturas.
Poi

**Poi** or **POI** can mean several things:

- Poi (food), a Polynesian basic food
- Poi spinning, a Māori performance art
- _Poi_, the Tibetan name for Tibet
- Product of Inertia
- President of India
Solid geometry

**Solid geometry** is the geometry of three-dimensional Euclidean space. It includes the measurements of volumes of various **solid figures** (three-dimensional figures). These include pyramids, cylinders, cones, spheres, and prisms.

It is Euclidean geometry, but not plane geometry. Points are defined as a defined position on a sphere. A "staight line" is the shortest path between two points which stays on the surface of the sphere.

Euclid's account of spherical geometry is in his Elements volumes XIXIII containing solid geometry, and in his lesser-known work the _Phaenomena_, which includes 25 geometric propositions. The actual discoveries were often made by others.

The Pythagoreans dealt with the regular solids, like the cube and the sphere. The pyramid, prism, cone and cylinder were not studied until the Platonists. Eudoxus proved the pyramid and cone have one-third the volume of a prism and cylinder on the same base and of the same height.

The equations for areas and volumes in two and three dimensions was proved by Archimedes. One of Archimedes' works was called _On the sphere and the cylinder_. He asked that a carving of the two solid figures be placed on his tomb. He specified a "right circular cylinder with height equal to its circumference" because he had used this in his proof.

People use solid geometry for many purposes including engineering and the calculation of perspective.
Not proven

**Not proven** is a type of verdict in Scottish law. Out of the country, the "not proven" verdict may be referred to as the **Scottish verdict**, and in Scotland itself it may be referred to colloquially as the **bastard verdict**, which was a term coined by Sir Walter Scott, who was sheriff in the court of Selkirk.

Scottish law is distinct from English law, and this is one of the differences. Juries may convict with a guilty verdict or they may acquit (see below)). A criminal case jury consists of 15 jurors, and make their decision by a simple majority vote: eight votes are necessary and sufficient for the verdict _"guilty"_, which has replaced the older verdict _"proven"_.

In Scotland there are two forms of acquittal:
- Not guilty means the accused is innocent, in the opinion of the jury.
- Not proven means the prosecution has failed to prove their case, but the jury has disagreed as to the innocence of the accused.
Sacrum

In humans, the **sacrum** is a large, triangular bone. It is at the bottom of the spine and the upper and back part of the pelvis.

It fits like a wedge between the two hip bones. Its upper part connects with the last lumbar vertebra, and bottom part with the coccyx (tailbone). During the first half of life these bones gradually fuse together.

The sacrum is concave facing forward, and tilted forward. The sacrum connects with four bones:
- the last lumbar vertebra above
- the coccyx (tailbone) below
- the illium portion of the hip bone on either side

## Infobox (bone)

- **name**: Sacrum
- **latin**: Os sacrum
- **image**: Gray95.png
- **caption**: Sacrum, pelvic surface
- **image2**: Gray241.png
- **caption2**: Image of a male pelvis (sacrum is in center)
Solero

**Solero** is a ice-cream brand, usually fruit and/or berry flavored, sold under the Heartbrand name by Unilever.

## Other names

Solero is sold under the name Salar in Iran.
Dogecoin

**Dogecoin** is a Bitcoin-based digital currency (cryptocurrency). It was created by Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer on 8 December 2013, and was inspired by the Shiba Inu featured in the "Doge" internet meme. Palmer and Markus launched the coin on Dec. 6, 2013. Two weeks later on Dec. 19, the value of Dogecoin jumped 300%, perhaps due to China forbidding its banks from investing in cryptocurrency. Doge functions based on the Scrypt technology. It has unlimited emission, and fast transaction processing speed.

Users can buy and sell Dogecoin on digital currency exchanges. They can opt to store their Dogecoin on an exchange or in a Dogecoin wallet.

Dogecoin.com promotes the currency as the "fun and friendly Internet currency", referencing its origins as a "joke."

Elon Musk frequently mentions or talks about Dogecoin on his Twitter account, boosting its popularity significantly in recent years.
Outstanding Eagle Scout Award

The **NESA Outstanding Eagle Scout Award** (NOESA) is a distinguished service award of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). It is awarded to an Eagle Scout by the National Eagle Scout Association for distinguished service to his profession and community. He must be recommended by his local BSA council, NESA committee, Scout executive and council president.

A council may present one NOESA per year plus one award for every 100 Eagle Scout awards above of 200 awards presented to youth the previous year. The Distinguished Eagle Scout Award (DESA) is a similar distinguished award, but requires twenty-five years as an Eagle Scout. NOESA is not required for the DESA award, but DESA recipients may not receive the NOESA.

## Award

The award consists of a round gold pendant with the NOESA emblem in silver. It is suspended from a blue ribbon. The NOESA emblem is in the shape of the NESA logo. It is round with a descending knot, with an eagle in flight and the word NOESA. A smaller pin-on version of the NOESA emblem may be worn on the Eagle Scout square knot patch on the Scout uniform. A lapel pin version of the NOESA emblem may be worn on the lapel when not in uniform. The recipient is also presented with a certificate.

## History

The NOESA was introduced during BSA'a 100th Anniversary year with the first 152 awards being made in 2011 by the National Eagle Scout Association. This was on the recommendation of local council NESA Committees. In 2012, an additional 179 were awarded bringing the total to 331.  The award was created to recognize notable Eagle Scouts who had either performed their distinguished service closer to home (at the local, state, or regional level) or who were known nationally, but had not yet been an Eagle for 25-years: a requirement for the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.

## Recipients

For more details: _List of Eagle Scouts_
Perfume (song)

"**Perfume**" is a ballad released by Britney Spears in late 2013. It is from her 8th studio album _Britney Jean_. It is the second single from the album. It stalled in the bottom 50 of the _Billboard_ Hot 100.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Perfume
- **border**: yes
- **artist**: Britney Spears
- **album**: Britney Jean
- **recorded**: July 2013
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **label**: RCA Records, RCA
- **prev title**: Work Bitch
- **prev year**: 2013
Britney Jean

***Britney Jean*** is the 8th studio album release from Britney Spears. Singles released from the album include "Work Bitch" and "Perfume".

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Britney Jean
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Britney Spears
- **border**: yes
- **recorded**: May–October 2013
- **label**: RCA Records, RCA
- **prev title**: Oops! I Did It Again: The Best of Britney Spears
- **prev year**: 2012
- **next title**: Glory (Britney Spears album), Glory
- **next year**: 2016
Thomas Young

**Thomas Young** (13 June 1773 – 10 May 1829) was an English polymath. Young made important scientific contributions to many fields. His most famous work is on the wave theory of light.  He also did good work to the fields of vision, solid mechanics, energy, physiology, language, musical harmony, and Egyptology. Among others, William Herschel, Hermann von Helmholtz, James Clerk Maxwell and Albert Einstein have praised Young's work.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Thomas Young
- **image**: Thomas Young (scientist).jpg
- **image size**: 240px
- **birth place**: Milverton, Somerset, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **field**: Physics
 Physiology
 Egyptology
- **known for**: Wave theory of light
Young's interference experiment, Double-slit experiment
Astigmatism
Young–Helmholtz theory
Young temperament
Young's Modulus
- **signature**: Young Thomas signature.jpg
Physalis

The ***Physalis*** is a genus of plants that is part of the nightshade family. There are between 75 and 90 species. All except one are native to the Americas.

The plants grow small orange fruit encased in a lantern-like husk that comes from the calyx. They are similar to the tomato. Since it has a mild, refreshing acidity similar to the tomato, it can be used in many of the same ways. Many _Physalis_ species are called **groundcherries**.
Michael Silka

**Michael Alan Silka** (20 August 1958 in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, near Chicago – 19 May 1984 in Alaska) was an American spree killer.  It is believed that he killed nine people near a town called Manley Hot Springs in Alaska in May 1984.  Silka was killed in a shootout with police after his murders.

## Victims

- Fred Burk (also spelled Burke), 30
- Albert Hagen, Jr., 27
- Joyce Klein, about 30
- Lyman Klein, 36
- Marshall Klein, 2
- Dale Madajski, 24
- Larry Joe McVey, 38
- Roger Culp, 34
- Troy L. Duncan, 34
Delaware State University

**Delaware State University** (also called **DSU**, **DESU**, or **Del State**) is a public university in Dover, Delaware. It is a historically black university. That means that it was started to teach African American students.

DSU has campuses in Wilmington, Delaware and Georgetown, Delaware.  It has six colleges. It has about 4,500 students, both undergraduate and postgraduate. DSU is the second-largest university in the state (after the University of Delaware).

## History

The school started on May 15, 1891 as the State College for Colored Students. It first gave degrees in 1898. In 1944, it received provisional accreditation. Three years later, it became Delaware State College. The school lost its accreditation in 1949, but got it back in 1957. On July 1, 1993, the school's name changed to Delaware State University.

## Campus

The main campus in Dover covers . It has thirty buildings. There are seven buildings where students live, four for women and three for men.  There are also three apartment-style buildings where upperclassmen live. There are two dining halls.

The university has several research computer laboratories. Almost every building has a computer lab. Every student has their own port for internet access, their own phone, and a campus email address. There is cable television access in all residence hall rooms. Most campus buildings also have wireless connectivity.

DSU owns two farms near Kenton and Smyrna. It has an Airway Science Program based at Delaware Air Park in Cheswold.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Delaware State University
- **motto**: _"Making our mark on the world"_ and _"Enter to Learn, Go forth and serve"_
- **established**: May 15, 1891
- **type**: Public university, Public, land-grant university, Land Grant, HBCU
- **endowment**: United States dollar, US$20.8 million
- **president**: Tony Allen, Ph.D.
- **faculty**: 436
- **students**: 4,505
- **undergrad**: 4,061
- **city**: Dover, Delaware, Dover
- **state**: Delaware
- **country**: United States, USA
- **campus**: Suburban
- **former names**: -State College for Colored Students (founding–1947)
-Delaware State College (1947–1993)
- **colors**: Cerise (color), Cherry red  and Columbia blue
- **nickname**: Hornet
- **athletics**: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I (NCAA), Division I
- **affiliations**: Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference
Bubblegum pop

**Bubblegum pop**, is a style of pop music. It derives from synthpop. It is much like its predecessors, although it adds traditional nursery rhymes to a synth background. The Archies created this genre of music. "Sugar, Sugar" is the first song which The Archies made that is bubblegum pop. Bubblegum pop also can be called **bubblegum music**, or just simply **bubblegum**.
The Mighty Hannibal

**James Timothy Shaw** (August 9, 1939 – January 30, 2014), known as **The Mighty Hannibal**, was an American R&B, soul and funk singer, songwriter and record producer.

Hannibal died on January 30, 2014, at the age of 74.

## Other websites

- Discography at Soulfulkindsmusic.net
- Discography at Koti.mbnet.fi
- Review of _Hannibalism_ from _The Tuscaloosa News_ at News.google.com

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Mighty Hannibal
- **image**: The Mighty Hannibal 2011 Shankbone.jpg
- **caption**: Hannibal at the 2011 Tribeca Film Festival
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: James Timothy Shaw
- **alias**: Hannibal, King Hannibal
- **birth place**: Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- **instrument**: Human voice, Vocals
- **genre**: Rhythm and blues, R&B, soul music, soul, funk
- **occupation**: Singing, Singer, songwriter, record producer
- **years active**: 1954–2014
- **label**: Various
- **associated acts**: Johnny "Guitar" Watson
Abdirizak Haji Hussein

**Abdirizak Haji Hussein** (; ; December 24, 1924January 31, 2014) was Prime Minister of Somalia from 14 June 1964 to 15 July 1967. From 1975 to 1980, he also served as the country's ambassador to the United Nations. He was a former member of the Somali Youth League. He played an important part in the nation's early civilian administration.

Hussein died from pneumonia on January 31, 2014 in Minneapolis, Minnesota after being hospitalized for a week.

## Other websites

- "Somalia: a Country Study - Government." U.S. Library of Congress.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Abdirizak Haji Hussein
- **image**: Husein.jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Somalia
- **term start**: 14 June 1964
- **term end**: 15 July 1967
- **predecessor**: Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke
- **successor**: Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal
- **office2**: Minister of Interior
- **term start2**: 22 July 1960
- **term end2**: 19 November 1962
- **predecessor2**: Office established
- **successor2**: Mohamud Abdi Nur
- **office3**: Minister of Public Works and Communications
- **term start4**: 19 November 1962
- **term end4**: 14 June 1964
- **predecessor3**: Abdi Nur Mohamed Hussein
- **successor3**: Abdulle Mohamud Mohamed
- **birth place**: Galkayo, Somalia
- **death place**: Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Somali Youth League
Miklós Jancsó

**Miklós Jancsó** (27 September 192131 January 2014) was a Hungarian movie director and screenwriter.

Jancsó became famous during the mid-1960s. His famous works were _The Round Up_ (_Szegénylegények_, 1965), _The Red and the White_ (_Csillagosok, katonák_, 1967) and _Red Psalm_ (_Még kér a nép_, 1971).

Jancsó died on 31 January 2014, aged 92.

## Other websites

- Jancsó's biography at Hungary.hu
- http://www.kakanien.ac.at/weblogs/kineast/1119203530
- http://www.jancso.film.hu/index.ivy

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Miklós Jancsó
- **image**: Miklós Jancsó, 2000.jpg
- **caption**: Jancsó at his home, 2000
- **birth place**: Vác, Kingdom of Hungary, Hungary
- **death place**: Budapest, Hungary
- **years active**: 1950–2014
- **occupation**: Movie director, screenwriter, producer, actor
- **spouse**: Katalin Wowesznyi (1949–1958)
Márta Mészáros (1958–1968)
Zsuzsa Csákány (1981–2014; his death)
Christopher Jones (actor)

**William Frank Jones**, better known as **Christopher Jones** (August 18, 1941 – January 31, 2014), was an American movie and television actor. He was known for his roles on _Ryan's Daughter_ and in _The Legend of Jesse James_. He was also known for having a love-affair with Sharon Tate shortly before her murder.

Jones was born on August 18, 1941 in Jackson, Tennessee. He was married to Susan Strasberg, Lee Strasberg's daughter. They had one child. Jones died on January 31, 2014 from gallbladder cancer, aged 74.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Christopher Jones The Legend of Jesse James 1965.JPG
- **caption**: Jones as Jesse James, 1965.
- **name**: Christopher Jones
- **birthname**: William Frank Jones
- **birth place**: Jackson, Tennessee
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California
- **spouse**: Susan Strasberg (1965-1968; divorced); 1 child
- **occupation**: Actor
Everett Dirksen

**Everett McKinley Dirksen** (January 4, 1896 – September 7, 1969) was an American politician. He represented Illinois in the U.S. House of Representatives (1933–1949) and U.S. Senate (1951–1969).

As Senate Minority Leader for ten years, he was very important in the politics during the 1960s. Some things he did was to help passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Open Housing Act of 1968, both landmarks of civil rights legislation.

He was also one of the Senate's strongest supporters of the Vietnam War and was known as "The Wizard of Ooze" for his oratorical style. Dirksen was a freemason.

Dirksen died on September 7, 1969 in Washington, D.C. from cardiopulmonary arrest caused by lung cancer-related bronchopneumonia, aged 73.

## Other websites

- Stan Mendenhall, "Everett Dirksen and the 1964 Civil Rights Act."
- Abstract of Byron C. Hulsey, _Everett Dirksen and His Presidents: how a Senate giant shaped American politics_ U. Kansas, 2000.
- The Dirksen Congressional Research Center
- IMDB profile
- Dirksen Primary School, Pekin, IL
- Dirksen Junior High School, Joliet, IL
- Complete transcript and audio of Everett Dirksen's RNC Nomination of Barry Goldwater
- Oral History Interviews with Everett Dirksen, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birthname**: Everett McKinley Dirksen
- **nationality**: American
- **image**: Everett dirksen painting.jpg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Illinois
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **term start**: January 3, 1951
- **term end**: September 7, 1969
- **preceded**: Scott W. Lucas
- **succeeded**: Ralph Tyler Smith
- **title2**: United States Senate Minority Leader, Senate Minority Leader
- **term start2**: January 3, 1959
- **term end2**: September 7, 1969
- **deputy2**: Thomas Kuchel
Hugh D. Scott, Jr. (whips)
- **preceded2**: William F. Knowland
- **succeeded2**: Hugh Scott, Hugh D. Scott, Jr.
- **order3**: United States Senate Minority Whip, Senate Minority Whip
- **term start3**: January 3, 1957
- **term end3**: January 3, 1959
- **leader3**: William F. Knowland
- **preceded3**: Leverett Saltonstall
- **succeeded3**: Thomas Kuchel
- **order4**: Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's Illinois's 16th congressional district, 16th district
- **term start4**: March 4, 1933
- **term end4**: January 3, 1949
- **preceded4**: William E. Hull
- **succeeded4**: Leo E. Allen
- **birth place**: Pekin, Illinois
- **death place**: Walter Reed General Hospital
Washington, D.C.
- **spouse**: Louella Carver Dirksen
- **alma mater**: University of Minnesota Law School
- **branch**: United States Army
- **serviceyears**: 1918-1919
- **rank**: Second Lieutenant#United States, Second Lieutenant
- **battles**: World War I
John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum

The **John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum** is the presidential library and museum. It was constructed in honor and to remember the life and achievements of the 35th president of the United States, John F. Kennedy. It is located in Boston, Massachusetts. It was designed by the architect I. M. Pei. It was opened to the public on October 20, 1979 and was rededicated on October 23, 1993.

On April 15, 2013, a fire began in the library. At first, reports said the fire appears to have started in a mechanical room. An official communication from the library stated that the fire is being investigated. At this time, the fire appears to be unrelated to the Boston Marathon bombings that occurred on the same day.

## Other websites

- JFK Library and Museum
- JFK Library and Museum Online Store
Tomáš Fleischmann

**Tomáš Fleischmann** (born May 16, 1984, in Kopřivnice, Czechoslovakia) is a former Czech NHL ice hockey left winger that played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Montreal Canadiens, Anaheim Ducks, Florida Panthers, Colorado Avalanche, and Washington Capitals.

## Career

Before playing the NHL, Fleischmann played 2 seasons with Moose Jaw Warriors of the Western Hockey League. He was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings with the 63rd overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He never played with the Red Wings however and he along with draft picks were traded to the Washington Capitals for Robert Lang. He played 3 seasons in the AHL with their affiliate, the Hershey Bears. Fleischmann would play 6 seasons with the Capitals and was traded to the Colorado Avalanche for Scott Hannan on November 30, 2010. His season with the Avalanche was cut short when he was diagnosed with pulmonary emboli and had to miss the rest of the season.

On July 1, 2011, he signed a four-year contract worth $18 million with the Florida Panthers.

On February 28, 2015, he was traded from Florida to Anaheim Ducks in exchange for forward Dany Heatley and a draft pick in the third round of 2015 NHL draft. After the season he left the team as an unrestricted free agent. On September 13, 2015, he was invited through professional tryout to Montreal Canadiens camp  and on October, 4, 2015, he signed a one-year contract worth $750.000.

On February, 26, 2016, he was traded along with forward Dale Weise to Chicago Blackhawks in exchange for forward Phillip Danault and a draft pick in second round of 2018 NHL draft.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Tomas Fleischmann 2012-03-09.JPG
- **image size**: 230px
- **played for**: Washington Capitals
Colorado Avalanche
Florida Panthers
Anaheim Ducks
Montreal Canadiens
Chicago Blackhawks
- **ntl team**: Czech Republic
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Left Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 192
- **birth place**: Kopřivnice, Czechoslovakia
- **draft**: 63rd overall
- **draft year**: 2002
- **draft team**: Detroit Red Wings
- **career start**: 2004
- **career end**: 2016
Aïché Nana

**Kiash Nanah** (2 February 1936 – 29 January 2014) or **Aïché Nana** was a Lebanese-born Turkish actress, dancer and stripper. She was known for inspiring the dance of _La Dolce Vita_. She began her career when she was fourteen in 1950.

Nana died on 29 January 2014, aged 77, at the Aurelia Hospital in Rome, Italy. The cause was not published.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Aïché Nana
- **image**: After Spogliarello di Aiche Nana 1958.jpg
- **caption**: Aïché Nana in 1958
- **birth name**: Kiash Nanah
- **birth date**: February 1936
- **birth place**: Beirut, Lebanon
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **occupation**: Actress, dancer, stripper
- **spouse**: Sergio Pastore
- **years active**: 1950–?
František Kaberle

**František "Frank" Kaberle** (born November 8, 1973, in Kladno, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech retired ice hockey defenceman. He played a combined ten seasons in the National Hockey League. His brother Tomáš currently plays for HC Kladno of the Czech Extraliga and formerly played in the NHL.

## Career

Before playing the NHL, Kaberle played two seasons with HC Kladno of the Czech Extraliga and four seasons with Modo Hockey of the Swedish Hockey League. He was drafted by the Los Angeles Kings with the 76th overall pick in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft. Kaberle only played one season with the Kings and was traded along with Donald Audette to the Atlanta Thrashers for Kelly Buchberger and Nelson Emerson on March 13, 2000.

He played five seasons with the Thrashers and signed with the Carolina Hurricanes on July 15, 2004 after the 2004-05 NHL lockout. With the Hurricanes, he reached the Stanley Cup Finals and scored a powerplay goal against the Edmonton Oilers which would wind being the winner as the Hurricanes won the Stanley Cup. His contract was bought out by the Hurricanes during the final year of his contract on July 28, 2009. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2012.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Frantisek Kaberle1.jpg
- **caption**: Kaberle during his tenure with the Carolina Hurricanes, circa 2008
- **image size**: 230px
- **played for**: HC Kladno
Modo Hockey
Los Angeles Kings
Atlanta Thrashers
Carolina Hurricanes
HC Pardubice
HC Plzeň
- **position**: Defenceman (ice hockey), Defence
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 190
- **ntl team**: TCH
- **ntl team 2**: CZE
- **birth place**: Kladno, Czechoslovakia
- **draft**: 76th overall
- **draft year**: 1999
- **draft team**: Los Angeles Kings
- **career start**: 1991
- **career end**: 2012
Theoxena scissaria

***Theoxena scissaria*** is a species of moth. It is part of the Geometridae family. Guenee used the scientific name in 1868.

## References

- Theoxena scissaria in id.net
Prima scriptura

In Christianity, **prima scriptura** is the idea that canonical scripture is the most important kind of  divine revelation. People who believe in this idea say that revelation that comes from scripture is more important than revelation that comes from other sources. Other sources include traditions, spiritual gifts, conscience, common sense and the views of experts. Prima scriptura suggests that there are  ways of knowing or understanding God and his will that do not originate from canonized scripture. These may be helpful in interpreting that scripture, but that if they seem to contradict the scriptures, the scriptures should be used instead.

Prima scriptura is sometimes mentioned together with Sola scriptura. Sola scriptura is a view mainly held by protestants which states that only scripture is the source of divine revelation. Sola scriptura rejects scripture which is not in the Bible, while prima scriptura says that there may be such scripture.
Pseudocoremia

***Pseudocoremia*** is a genus of moth. It is part of the family Geometridae. This genus is endemic to New Zealand.

## References

- Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Tatosoma

***Tatosoma*** is a genus of moths. It is part of the family Geometridae.

Some of the species in this genus are:
- _Tatosoma alta_ – <small>Philpott, 1913</small>
- _Tatosoma agrionata_ – <small>Walker, 1862</small>
- _Tatosoma apicipallida_ – <small>Prout, 1914</small>
- _Tatosoma lestevata_ – <small>Philpott, 1914</small>
- _Tatosoma monoviridisata_ – <small>Clarke, 1920</small>
- _Tatosoma tipulata_ – <small>Walker, 1862</small>
- _Tatosoma topia_ – <small>Philpott, 1903</small>

## References

- Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Graphania

***Graphania*** is a genus of moths. It is part of the Noctuidae family.

The genus is made up of more than 100 species. Some of them are:
- _Graphania agorastis_ – <small>Meyrick, 1887</small>
- _Graphania averilla_ – <small>Hudson, 1921</small>
- _Graphania beata_ – <small>Howes, 1906</small>
- _Graphania bromias_ – <small>Meyrick, 1902</small>
- _Graphania brunneosa_ – <small>Fox, 1970</small>
- _Graphania chlorodonta_ – <small>Hampson, 1911</small>
- _Graphania disjungens_ – <small>Walker, 1858</small>
- _Graphania erebia_ – <small>Hudson, 1909</small>
- _Graphania fenwicki_ – <small>Philpott, 1921</small>
- _Graphania lindsayi_ – <small>Dugdale, 1988</small>
- _Graphania sequens_ – <small>Howes, 1912</small>

## References

- Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Crocin

**Crocin** is a chemical compound that produces a type of natural pigment. It is found in the flowers of crocus and gardenia plants. It has a deep red colour. Crocin is what is mainly responsible for the colour of saffron. It is also called **saffronin** or **polychroite**.

Crocin was used as a dye for textiles. Because it is unstable it is no longer used for that purpose..
Marple Hall School

**Marple Hall School** is a specialist language college in Marple, Greater Manchester, England. The headteacher is Mr. Joseph Barker. The school is on the outskirts of Greater Manchester, near the River Goyt.

## History

Marple Hall was a manor house once owned by John Bradshaw. Born at Marple Hall, Bradshaw was first a clerk, then a lawyer. After the English Civil War he was the first to sign the death warrant of Charles I of England. The house was later owned by the Isherwood family. The ruins of the house are still near the grounds of the school. Two of the modern buildings are named for these two. In 1960 a grammar school was built on the grounds of the manor. In 1965 the school had separate schools for boy and girls. In 1974 it became Marple Hall County High School. This school is for both boys and girls.
Ethnic conflict

An **ethnic conflict** (or **ethnic war**) is a conflict where different ethnic groups fight each other. It is different from a civil war, where a single nation or ethnic group is fighting among itself.

Examples of ethnic wars since the 1990s were typically caused by secessionist movements leading to the breakup of multi-ethnic states along ethnic lines: the Yugoslav Wars, the First Chechen War, the Nagorno-Karabakh War, the Rwandan Civil War and the War in Darfur, among others

Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally fall into one of three schools of thought: primordialist, instrumentalist or constructivist. Intellectual debate has also focused around the issue of whether ethnic conflict has become more common since the end of the Cold War, and on finding ways of managing conflicts, through instruments such as consociationalism and federalisation.

## Related pages

- Ethnic cleansing
Bryce Canyon National Park

**Bryce Canyon National Park** is a national park in southwestern Utah. Its major feature is Bryce Canyon.

Despite its name, this is not a canyon but a collection of giant natural amphitheaters along the eastern side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau. Bryce is known for its _hoodoos_. The hoodoos are badlands formed by frost weathering and stream erosion of the river and lake bed sedimentary rocks.

The red, orange, and white colors of the rocks provide spectacular views for park visitors. Bryce is much higher than nearby Zion National Park. The rim at Bryce varies from .

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Bryce Canyon National Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **photo**: BryceCanyon-Amphiteatre1.jpg
- **map**: USA
- **relief**: 1
- **location**: Garfield County, Utah, Garfield County and Kane County, Utah, Kane County, Utah, United States
- **nearest city**: Tropic, Utah, Tropic, Panguitch, Utah, Panguitch
- **established**: September 15, 1928
- **visitation num**: 1,296,000
- **visitation year**: 2011
- **governing body**: National Park Service
Doorbell

A **doorbell** is a device which is typically installed to or near a door. When a visitor presses a button, the bell rings inside the building, alerting the presence of the visitor.

In modern technology, a button is pressed completing a circuit which in response makes a sound.

## History

Older doorbells were fully mechanical. Newer electrical doorbells were installed by wires and use a push-button to activate the sound. The latest doorbells have wireless connections although older ones may be wired.
Milan Hejduk

**Milan Hejduk** (born February 14, 1976, in Ústí nad Labem, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech retired ice hockey right winger. He played a combined 14 seasons in the National Hockey League all with the Colorado Avalanche.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Hejduk played 5 seasons with HC Pardubice of the Czech Extraliga. He was drafted by the Quebec Nordiques with the 87th overall pick in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. In 2001, Hejduk won the Stanley Cup with the Avalanche when they defeated the New Jersey Devils 4 games to 3. During the 2002-03 NHL season, he was able to win the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy beating out Markus Näslund of the Vancouver Canucks. When the 2004-05 NHL lockout happened, Hejduk returned to the Czech Republic to play for his old team, HC Pardubice. He became the captain of the Avalanche on November 14, 2011. He gave up captaincy because of his role in the organization changing.

Hejduk retired from playing professional ice hockey on November 13, 2013.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Milan Hejduk 2008.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Hejduk during warmups before a Avalanche-Thrashers game on March 11, 2008
- **played for**: **National Hockey League, NHL**:
Colorado Avalanche
**Czech Extraliga, ELH**:
HC Pardubice
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shot**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 190
- **ntl team**: Czech Republic
- **birth place**: Ústí nad Labem, Czechoslovakia
- **draft**: 87th overall
- **draft year**: 1994
- **draft team**: Quebec Nordiques
- **career start**: 1993
- **career end**: 2013
International Association of Universities

The **International Association of Universities** (**IAU**) is an association of universities that belongs to UNESCO. It brings together educational institutions from some 120 countries. They work together on common concerns and projects. The organisation also works with various international and national groups active in higher education. It was established in 1950 in Paris, France.

## Other websites

- International Association of Universities
Nuclear family

A **nuclear family** is a type of family unit. It is made up of a husband, a wife, and their children. Not everyone agrees on what a nuclear family is. Some people say that a nuclear family does not include stepchildren or adopted children while some claim otherwise.  A nuclear family is a part of an extended family.

## History

The term _nuclear family_ was first used in 1947. However, people have lived in nuclear families for thousands of years. In 2005, archaeologists discovered four 4,600-year-old graves in Germany. Several adults and children who were related were buried in these graves. Researchers think that this proves that people lived in nuclear families a long time ago.

During and before the medieval period in Europe, large family groups, such as clans, were most common. By the late medieval period, the nuclear family had become most common.
Nina Andrycz

**Nina Andrycz** (11 November 1912 – 31 January 2014) was a Polish actress. Her last movie was in the 2009 movie _Before Twilight_. Andrycz was the wife of Józef Cyrankiewicz. She earned the name "**The Great Dame of Polish Theatre**" because of her long and successful career.

Andrycz died on 31 January 2014 in Warsaw, Poland from natural causes, aged 101.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Nina Andrycz Warszawska Premiera 1950.jpg
- **caption**: Andrycz in 1950
- **name**: Nina Andrycz
- **birth place**: Brzesc, Poland, Russian Empire (now Brest, Belarus)
- **death place**: Warsaw, Poland
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1951-2008
Givat Ram

**Givat Ram** () is an area in western central Jerusalem. It contains most of the Knesset, the Supreme Court of Israel, the National Library of Israel, the Israel Museum, the Bloomfield Science Museum, the Bible Lands Museum, and the International Convention Center.

The area also includes the Givat Ram Campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and parks such as the Wohl Rose Park and Sacher Park.
Maximilian Schell

**Maximilian Schell** (8 December 1930 – 1 February 2014) was an Austrian-Swiss actor. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in _Judgment at Nuremberg_ in 1961. He was also a writer, director and producer for some movies.

He was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for his role in _Stalin_. He also appeared in _Abraham_, _Deep Impact_, _Coast to Coast_, and in _The Brothers Bloom_. His sister was actress Maria Schell.

## Early life

Schell was born on 8 December 1930 in Vienna, Austria. He was raised as a Roman Catholic. He studied at the University of Zurich. His father was Swiss. Schell began acting at the Basel Theatre.

## Career

Schell's career began in 1955. His movie was _Kinder, Mütter und ein General_. He then appeared in two other movies until he bagn his role as Hans Rolfe in _Judgment at Nuremberg_ in 1961. His role as Hans brought him great fame and success. He won an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor.

Schell then appeared in other big picture movies that earned him nominations for an Academy Award. He was nominated for his role as Arthur Goldman in _The Man in the Glass Booth_, for his role as Johann in _Julia_. He then won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1992 for his role as Vladimir Lenin in the movie _Stalin_.

Afterwards, Schell then directed a television movie _Candles in the Dark_. After his win in 1992, Schell then appeared in many television movies. In 1998, Schell appeared as Jason Lerner in the 1998 movie _Deep Impact_. His last role was in the 2008 comedy movie _The Brothers Bloom_ as Diamond Dog.

## Personal life

Schell married Natalya Andrejchenko in 1985. They divorced in 2005. Then in 2013, Schell married Iva Mihanovic. Schell never had children. Schell suffered diabetes.

He was good friends with Leonard Bernstein. He performed with Claudio Abbado in many performances. His sister Maria died in 2005 from pneumonia.

### Honors

Schell was a guest professor at the University of Southern California. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Spertus Institute for Jewish Learning and Leadership in Chicago.

## Death

Schell died on 1 February 2014, in Innsbruck, Austria after a "sudden and serious illness". The German television news service Tagesschau reported that he had been receiving treatment for pneumonia.  Schell was 83 years old when he died.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Maximilian Schell
- **image**: Maximilian Schell - 1970-1.jpg
- **caption**: Schell in 1970
- **birth place**: Vienna, First Austrian Republic, Austria
- **death place**: Innsbruck, Austria
- **death cause**: Pneumonia
- **spouse**: Natalya Andrejchenko (1985–2005)
Iva Mihanovic (2013–2014); his death
- **relatives**: Maria Schell (sister, dead)
- **nationality**: Austrians, Austrian, Switzerland, Swiss
- **years active**: 1955-2014
From Under the Cork Tree

***From Under the Cork Tree*** is the third studio album by rock band Fall Out Boy. The album was released 2005. Credits are Patrick Stump, Pete Wentz, Joe Trohman, and Andy Hurley. The single on the album Sugar, We're Goin Down helped make them popular.

## Tracklisting

1. "Our Lawyer Made Us Change the Name of This Song So We Wouldn't Get Sued"

2. "Of All the Gin Joints in All the World"

3. "Dance, Dance"

4. "Sugar, We're Goin Down"

5. "Nobody Puts Baby in the Corner"

6. "I've Got a Dark Alley and a Bad Idea That Says You Should Shut Your Mouth (Summer Song)"

7. "7 Minutes in Heaven (Atavan Halen)"

8. "Sophomore Slump or Comeback of the Year"

9. "Champagne for My Real Friends, Real Pain for My Sham Friends"

10. "I Slept with Someone in Fall Out Boy and All I Got Was This Stupid Song Written About Me"

11. "A Little Less Sixteen Candles, a Little More "Touch Me""

12. "Get Busy Living or Get Busy Dying (Do Your Part to Save the Scene and Stop Going to Shows)"

13. "XO"

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: From Under the Cork Tree
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Fall Out Boy
- **released**: May 3, 2005
- **genre**: pop punk, emo
- **length**: 43:00
- **label**: Island Records, Island
- **producer**: Neal Avron
- **prev title**: Take This to Your Grave
- **prev year**: 2003
- **next title**: Infinity on High
- **next year**: 2007
Wohl Rose Park

**Wohl Rose Park** (, __) is a public garden on the Presidential Hill in Givat Ram, central Jerusalem, Israel. The garden includes lawns, hills, and quarries. There is an ornamental pond with aquatic plants and fish. The garden also has a waterfall, rockeries, sculptures, and a sixth-century mosaic floor. The floor was unearthed at Kibbutz Sde Nahum. The garden was opened in 1981.

Over 400 varieties of roses are grown there. Many of them are gifts from countries around the world. The Wohl Rose Park covers . It is one of the few rose parks of its kind in the Middle East, where there is no rainfall in summer. The park's Garden of Nations is made up of sections donated by other countries. Each section has rose varieties characteristic of, or grown in, the respective country. The park also has an experimental section. This is where new varieties of roses are tested for their suitability for public and private gardens in Israel. It is Jerusalem's official reception area for visiting guests of state and dignitaries.

## Related pages

- List of botanical gardens

## Other websites

- Wohl Rose Park in the "Jerusalem City Hall" website
Sacher Park

**Sacher Park** is the largest public park in Jerusalem. It is in the neighbourhood of Givat Ram. It includes the Jerusalem Bird Observatory and many sports facilities. In the western side of the park is a small Jewish cemetery from the 19th century.

## Other websites

- Sacher Park  in the "Israel Traveler" website
Knesset Menorah

The **Knesset Menorah** (, _Menorat HaKnesset_) is a monument in front of the Knesset. It was built by Benno Elkan in 1956. It was a gift from the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Knesset Menorah is in the southern part of the Wohl Rose Park called the Menorah Garden. The statue was first put in the Horse Garden in central Jerusalem and moved when the new Knesset building opened in 1966.

## Other websites

- The Knesset Menorah in the "Shalom Israel Tours" website
Judgment at Nuremberg

***Judgment at Nuremberg*** is a 1961 American drama movie directed by Stanley Kramer. The movie was about crimes being wrongly committed by citizens during the Nuremberg Trials by the Nazis. The was set during World War II. It stars Spencer Tracy, Burt Lancaster, Richard Widmark, Maximilian Schell, Werner Klemperer, Marlene Dietrich, Judy Garland, William Shatner, and Montgomery Clift. It was released to very positive reviews on December 19, 1961.
Maria Schell

**Maria Margarethe Anna Schell** (15 January 1926 – 26 April 2005) was an Austrian-Swiss actress. She won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival in 1956 for role in _Gervaise_.

## Early life

Schell was born in Vienna, Austria. Her mother was Margarethe, an actress who ran an acting school. Her father was Hermann Ferdinand Schell, a Swiss poet, novelist and playwriter. Her parents were Roman Catholics. She was the older sister of actor Maximilian Schell.

## Later life

Schell lived reclusively in ill health in Carinthia in the Austrian Alps until her death from pneumonia in Preitenegg, Austria on 26 April 2005, aged 79.

## Books

- 1998: _„... und wenn’s a Katz is!“ Mein Weg durchs Leben._ Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach, .

## Other websites

- Obituary: Maria Schell (1926-2005)
- Photographs and literature
- Maria Schell Estate  at Deutsches Filminstitut, Frankfurt am Main

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Maria Schell
- **image**: Maria Schell 1957.png
- **caption**: Maria Schell in _Le notti bianche_ (1957)
- **birth name**: Maria Margarethe Anna Schell
- **birth place**: Vienna, Austria
- **death place**: Preitenegg, Carinthia (state), Carinthia, Austria
- **spouse**: Horst Hächler (1957–1965; divorced; 1 child)
Veit Relin (1966–1988; divorced; 1 child)
- **years active**: 1942–1996
- **relatives**: Maximilian Schell (brother, dead)
- **occupation**: Actress, producer