juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Moritz Leuenberger

**Moritz Leuenberger** (born 21 September 1946) is a Swiss politician and lawyer who served as a Member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1995 to 2010. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party and the President of the Swiss Confederation in 2001 and 2006.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Moritz Leuenberger
- **term end5**: 1 December 2000
- **predecessor3**: Doris Leuthard
- **successor3**: Micheline Calmy-Rey
- **president4**: Samuel Schmid
- **term start4**: 1 January 2005
- **term end4**: 31 December 2005
- **predecessor4**: Samuel Schmid
- **successor4**: Micheline Calmy-Rey
- **president5**: Adolf Ogi
- **term start5**: 1 January 2000
- **predecessor5**: Adolf Ogi
- **term start3**: 1 January 2010
- **successor5**: Kaspar Villiger
- **birth place**: Biel/Bienne, Biel, Switzerland
- **residence**: Zürich
- **party**: Social Democratic Party of Switzerland, Social Democratic Party
- **spouse**: Gret Loewensberg
- **alma mater**: University of Zurich
- **term end3**: 1 November 2010
- **president3**: Doris Leuthard
- **image**: Moritz Leuenberger, 2009.jpg
- **predecessor2**: Adolf Ogi
- **office6**: List of members of the Swiss Federal Council, Member of the Swiss Federal Council
- **term start6**: 1 January 1995
- **term end6**: 1 November 2010
- **predecessor6**: Otto Stich
- **successor6**: Simonetta Sommaruga
- **office**: President of the Swiss Confederation, President of Switzerland
- **vicepresident2**: Kaspar Villiger
- **term start2**: 1 January 2001
- **term end2**: 31 December 2001
- **successor2**: Kaspar Villiger
- **office3**: Federal Council (Switzerland), Vice President of Switzerland
- **vicepresident**: Micheline Calmy-Rey
- **term start**: 1 January 2006
- **term end**: 31 December 2006
- **predecessor**: Samuel Schmid
- **successor**: Micheline Calmy-Rey
- **office7**: Head of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications, Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications
- **term start7**: 1 January 1995
- **term end7**: 1 November 2010
- **predecessor7**: Adolf Ogi
- **successor7**: Doris Leuthard
- **signature**: Unterschrift Moritz Leuenberger.svg
Samuel Schmid

**Samuel Schmid** (born 8 January 1947) is a Swiss politician who served as a Member of the Swiss Federal Council from 2000 to 2008.  He was the head of the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Samuel Schmid
- **term end3**: 31 December 2008
- **children**: 3
- **birth place**: Rüti bei Büren, Switzerland
- **successor4**: Moritz Leuenberger
- **predecessor4**: Ruth Metzler
- **president4**: Joseph Deiss
- **term end4**: 31 December 2004
- **term start4**: 1 January 2004
- **office4**: Federal Council (Switzerland), Vice President of Switzerland
- **successor3**: Ueli Maurer
- **predecessor3**: Adolf Ogi
- **term start3**: 1 January 2001
- **image**: BR-Samuel-Schmid.jpg
- **order3**: Military of Switzerland, Minister of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports of Switzerland
- **successor2**: Moritz Leuenberger
- **predecessor2**: Joseph Deiss
- **vicepresident2**: Moritz Leuenberger
- **term end2**: 31 December 2005
- **term start2**: 1 January 2005
- **order2**: President of the Swiss Confederation, President of Switzerland
- **successor**: Ueli Maurer
- **predecessor**: Adolf Ogi
- **term end**: 31 December 2008
- **term start**: 1 January 2001
- **order**: List of members of the Swiss Federal Council, Member of the Swiss Federal Council
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **party**: Swiss People's Party (before 2008)
Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland, Conservative Democratic Party (2008–present)
Nyctimantis pomba

***Nyctimantis pomba*** is a frog that lives in Brazil.  Scientists have seen it in exactly one place, 233 meters above sea level in the rainforest in Minas Gerais.

The adult male frog is 51.6-60.5 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 58.7-62.1 mm long.  The skin of the back and legs is dark brown with almost white marks.  There are white spots on the belly.  The mouth is white.  There is an almost white stripe from the nose over the eye to the front legs.  The iris of the eye is red in color.
Sierra de Albarracín Comarca

**Sierra de Albarracín Comarca** is a comarca in the Province of Teruel, Aragon region, northeastern Spain. It is located in mountain ranges of the Sistema Ibérico.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Sierra de Albarracín Comarca
- **native name**: _Comarca de la Sierra de Albarracín_
- **native name lang**: es
- **settlement type**: Comarcas of Aragon, Comarca
- **image skyline**: HDR - Albarracín 2.jpg
- **image caption**: View of Albarracín
- **image map**: Localización de Sierra de Albarracín (Aragón).svg
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Teruel (province), Teruel
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
Sistema Ibérico

The **Iberian System** (, ), is one of the major systems of mountain ranges in Spain.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Iberian System
- **orogeny**: Alpine orogeny, Alpine
- **photo**: Vistas del pico de San miguel.jpg
- **photo caption**: View of the Moncayo Massif from Alcalá de Moncayo
- **country**: Spain
- **subdivision1 type**: Autonomous communities of Spain, Communities
- **age**: Tertiary
- **other name**: _Sistema Ibérico_
- **highest**: Moncayo Massif, Moncayo
- **elevation m**: 2313
- **map image**: Spain-2008-29-11.png
- **map caption**: Location of the Sistema Ibérico in the Iberian Peninsula
Adakaleh

**Adakaleh** (nicknamed **Ottoman Atlantis**) was a small island in the Danube River at the Carpathian Mountains, opposite on the other bank of Orşova and  Tekija. From 1699 onward, it was a part of the Ottoman Empire, until the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. After that, it was owned by the Kingdom of Romania. In 1939, many Turkish people left Ada Kaleh and settled in Turkey. The Island was flooded in 1968-1971, when a dam was made by the Socialist Republic of Romania and Yugoslavia. The island has been underwater since then. The people who used to live on the island were Turkish speaking Sufism-Muslims Turks. In 1967, before the island was flooded, the Turkish people on the island went to other places in Mainland Romania to Dobruja, but most of the people went to Turkey.

The island was known for its Mediterranean climate and Oriental Flair, with roses, different fruit trees like apricot and fig, almond and sweet chestnut trees, exotic Ottoman architecture and production of Turkish delight, Baklava, Candy, and Turkish coffee, rose water sorbet, Rose and Fig Marmalade, fishing, and souvenirs. The island was also known for smuggling. The island had a mosque with one Minaret and Well for Wudu, and a Hammam, a Bazaar and an old fortress with catacombs, a governor's villa, a cinema, an old Ottoman cemetery, small white  Cottages, three or four Mansion, a Hotel, many Café's, a Textile and Tobacco Fabric, a small Power station for Electricy, an Association football pitch and a botanical garden. The islanders were described by outlandish visitors as kindly people, the male and female wear Salwar kameez, the men handsome who wear a Fez (hat), and the women beautiful, some of them veiled in Chador until it was forbidden by Socialist Republic of Romania. Oil wrestling, Belly dance, Turkish dance and Sünnet parties of Boys were performed as tourist attractions.

The most famous resident was Bego Mustafa, a turk, former officer in the ottoman army.
In 1846 he helped the Hungarian national hero Lajos Kossuth to escape to Vidin in the Ottoman Empire.
His image was often used for postcards from Adakaleh. He died in 1910 at the age of 104.

## Diaspora

When in 1967 the majority of the Islanders moved to Turkey, they call themselfs _Haymatlos_, the descendants of Adakaleh Turks live mostly in Turkey and few in Romania, but some came from Turkey to Germany as Guest worker, and became part of the Turks in Germany.
Smashing Simmba

***Smashing Simmba*** (stylized as ***Smaashhing Simmba***) is an Indian animated television series based on an 2018 Indian film called _Simmba_. It was produced by Rohit Shetty Picturez in collaboration with Pogo. It aired in India on that channel from November 14, 2020 - February 6, 2021. Then it came back on Pogo August 15, 2021 and stopped on December 31, 2021. It is coming back on Pogo on September 26, 2022 again. It is also Pogo's first original show.

## Plot

Simmba, a fearless teenager, experiences various adventures with his friends while trying to keep the town safe from evil forces.

## Cast

- Abshiek Dutta as Simmba
Desert Mothers

**Desert Mothers** is a term feminist theologians use for women who lived in the desert of Egypt, Syria and Palestine, in the 4th and 5th century. Usually they lived in monasteries. The term is used to refer to the Desert Fathers, monks who went to live an ascetic lifestyle in the desert, about a century earlier.

Notable examples were Syncletica of Alexandria, Theodora of Alexandria, Sarah of the Desert, Melania the Elder, Melania the Younger, Olympias the Deaconess, and Eustochium.
Constitution of Spain

The **Spanish Constitution** is the democratic law and supreme law in the Kingdom of Spain. It was approved in a constitutional referendum in 1978, during the Spanish transition to democracy.

## Other websites

- Government of Spain website: The Spanish Constitution—

## Infobox (constitution)

- **document name**: Spanish Constitution
- **image**: Constitución Española de 1978.JPG
- **image size**: 250px
- **date created**: 31 October 1978
- **date ratified**: 6 December 1978
- **date effective**: 29 December 1978
- **system**: Parliamentary monarchy
- **branches**: 3
- **chambers**: Bicameral
- **executive**: Government
- **number amendments**: 2
- **date last amended**: 27 September 2011
- **location of document**: Congress of Deputies (Spain), Congress of Deputies
- **wikisource**: Spanish Constitution of 1978
Fathers of the Constitution

The **Fathers of the Constitution** () were the seven political leaders who wrote the Spanish Constitution of 1978.

Gabriel Cisneros, Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón and José Pedro Pérez Llorca represented the centre-right Union of the Democratic Centre; Manuel Fraga Iribarne, the right-wing People's Alliance; Gregorio Peces-Barba, the left-wing Spanish Socialist Worker's Party; Jordi Solé Tura, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia and Miguel Roca Junyent, of the Democratic Pact for Catalonia, represented the Catalan nationalists.
Gabriel Cisneros

**Gabriel Cisneros Laborda** (14 August 1940 – 27 July 2007) was a Spanish attorney and politician who is known for being one of the Fathers of the Spanish Constitution of 1978.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gabriel Cisneros
- **occupation**: Attorney
Politician
- **party**: Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain), Union of the Democratic Centre, Liberal Party (Spain, 1976-1989), Liberal Party, People's Party (Spain), People's Party
- **nationality**: Spain, Spanish
- **death place**: Murcia, Spain
- **birth place**: Tarazona, Province of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Francoist Spain, Spain
- **birth name**: Gabriel Cisneros Laborda
- **image**: (Cisneros) Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo en el pleno del Congreso de los Diputados (cropped).jpeg
Miguel Roca

**Miquel Roca i Junyent** (Bordeaux, France, 20 April 1940) is a Spanish lawyer and politician from Democratic Convergence of Catalonia. He is one of the Fathers of the Constitution in Spain.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Miquel Roca i Junyent
- **image**: (Roca)_Felipe_González_recibe_al_presidente_de_la_representación_de_la_Generalitat_de_Catalunya_en_la_Comisión_de_Cooperación_Bilateral_con_la_Administración_del_Estado_(cropped).jpg
- **nationality**: Spain, Spanish
- **office**: Councillor of Barcelona
- **term start**: 15 June 1995
- **term end**: 13 June 1999
- **office2**: Member of the Congress of Deputies (Spain), Congress of Deputies
- **term start2**: 15 June 1977
- **term end2**: 31 January 1995
- **constituency2**: Barcelona (Spanish Congress Electoral District), Barcelona
- **birth place**: Bordeaux, France
- **party**: Catalan European Democratic Party
Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia

The **Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia** (, **PSUC**) was a communist political party active in Catalonia between 1936 and 1997. It was the Catalan branch of the Communist Party of Spain.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia
- **native name**: Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya
- **logo**: PSUC emblema.svg
- **ideology**: Communism
Catalanism
Republicanism
- **country**: Spain
- **state**: Catalonia
- **merged**: Initiative for Catalonia
- **successor**: Living Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia
- **womens wing**: Women's Democratic Movement
- **position**: Far-left
- **affiliation1 title**: Trade union affiliation
People's Alliance (Spain)

The **People's Alliance** (, **AP**) was a post-Francoist electoral coalition, and a conservative political party in Spain, it was founded in 1976 as a federation of political associations.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: People's Alliance
- **native name**: Alianza Popular
- **logo**: Alianza Popular (logo, 1983-89).svg
- **logo size**: 200px
- **leader**: Manuel Fraga
- **founded**: 9 October 1976
5 May 1977
- **ideology**: Conservatism
National conservatism
Post-Francoist Spain, Francoism
- **headquarters**: Calle Silva, 23 - 28004 Madrid
- **international**: International Democrat Union
- **country**: Spain
- **abbreviation**: AP
- **dissolved**: 20 January 1989
- **colors**: Yellow and Red
- **successor**: People's Party (Spain), People's Party
- **youth wing**: New Generations of People's Alliance
- **position**: Right-wing politics, Right-wing to Far-right politics, far-right
- **europarl**: European Democrats
- **flag**:
Spanish transition to democracy

The **Spanish transition to democracy**, known in Spain as _la Transición_ (; "**the Transition**") or _la Transición española_ ("the Spanish Transition"), is a period of modern Spanish history that moved from the Francoist dictatorship to a parliamentary system, under Juan Carlos I.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Kingdom of Spain
- **native name**: _Reino de España_
- **image flag**: Flag of Spain (1977–1981).svg
- **image coat**: Escudo de España (1977-1981).svg
- **symbol type**: Coat of arms of Spain, Coat of arms
(1977–1981)
- **national motto**: _Una, Grande y Libre_

_Plus Ultra_

- **national anthem**: _Marcha Real_

<div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"> </div>
- **image map**: Locator map of Spain.svg
- **capital**: Madrid
- **largest city**: capital
- **official languages**: Spanish language, Spanish
After 1978: Catalan language, Catalan, Basque language, Basque, Galician language, Galician
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism (_state religion_ until 1978)
- **government type**:
Unitary state, Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
<small>(after 1978)</small>
- **currency**: Spanish peseta
- **calling code**: +34
- **year end**: 1982
- **life span**: 1975–1982
- **year start**: 1975
- **flag type**: Flag of Spain, Flag
(1977–1981)
- **title leader**: King of Spain, King
- **year leader1**: 1975–1982
- **leader1**: Juan Carlos I
- **year representative1**: 1975–1976
- **representative1**: Carlos Arias Navarro
- **year representative2**: 1976–1981
- **representative2**: Adolfo Suárez
- **year representative3**: 1981–1982
- **representative3**: Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo
- **type house1**: Upper House
- **house1**: Senate of Spain, Senate
- **type house2**: Lower House
- **event start**: Death of Francisco Franco, Franco
- **date start**: 20 November
- **event1**: Political Reform Act
- **date event1**: 18 November 1976
- **event2**: 1977 Spanish general election, 1977 Election
- **date event2**: 15 June 1977
- **event3**: Spanish 1977 Amnesty Law, Amnesty Law
- **date event3**: 15 October 1977
- **date event4**: 29 December 1978
- **event5**: 1979 Spanish general election, 1979 Election
- **date event5**: 1 March 1979
- **date event6**: 23 February 1981
- **event end**: 1982 Spanish general election, 1982 Election
- **date end**: 28 October
- **p1**: Francoist Spain**1975:**
Spanish State
- **s1**: SpainKingdom of Spain
- **flag p1**: Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg
- **flag p2**: Flag of Spain (1931–1939).svg
- **p2**: Spanish Republican government in exile**1977:**

- **flag s1**: Flag of Spain.svg
Brent Renaud

**Brent Anthony Renaud** (October 2, 1971 – March 13, 2022) was an American journalist, documentary filmmaker, and photojournalist. Earlier in his career, he did work for _The New York Times_. He was killed by Russian troops by a gunshot wound, while reporting inside Ukraine which is currently being invaded by Russian forces. He was the first American and foreign journalist that died during the invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

## Life

Brent Renaud was born on October 2, 1971 at Memphis Tennessee from parents Georgann Freasier, mother, and Louis Renaud his father. Renaud was raised at Little Rock, Arkansas. His father worked as a salesman and his mother was a social worker. Brent also lived at New York City. He worked with his brother for several film series related with news.

## Journalism

Brent Renaud worked for The New York Time's as a video journalist, he also was a photojournalist whose photographs were featured to National Geographic, The Wall Street Journal, Newsweek and other media outlets through his photographs and videos through his Journalist career he had.

### Career

Brent Renaud had a filmmaking career which spanned for over 2 decades with his brother Craig Renaud. Brent's filmmaking not only was in the U.S but the whole world over his filmmaking career. Renaud was a journalist in war zones in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Caribbean countries that have high crime rates as Haiti and Central American countries. Renaud earned his bachelor's degree at Southern Methodist University in English.

## Death

According to Ukrainian police the dead person found was Brent Renaud. Renaud's journalist friend who was also shot at, described the events that had happened before they were shot at while trying to film Ukrainian refugees leave. He went to Ukraine to cover the conflict between Russian and Ukrainian forces as he did for decades in the middle east and Central America.

### Outcry

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky rebuked the killing of Renaud and mourned his death in a letter to his family members. Brent's friend mourned his death on the BBC, she told the agency that she had spent good times with him.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Brent Renaud
- **birth place**: Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
- **death place**: Irpin, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine
- **death cause**: Gunshot wounds during the battle of Irpin
- **mother**: Georgann Freasier
- **father**: Louis Renaud
- **awards**: Peabody Awards Peabody Award (2015)
White phosphorus bomb

**White phosphorus bombs** use  one of the allotropes of phosphorus. They are used as incendiary weapons. White phosphorus is very reactive, and will ignite, when it comes in contact with the oxygen in the air. It will burn with a white flame, and heat up to . Burning white phosphorus will also produce a lot of toxic white smoke. While the fire can be extingished with water, the phosphorus will soon re-ignite. For this reason, sand should be used to extinguish it.

## Health effects

Anyone coming in contact will suffer third-degree burns, and wounds which will take a very long time to heal. If they are not treated soon, injured people will die a slow and painful death.

## Use is banned

The UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons of 1980 prohibits the use of weapons which cause a lot of injury or whose effects are indiscriminate. This means that white phosphorus ammunition is banned under the Convention. Some people think that because it is highly toxic, white phosphorus bombs may be a chemical weapon. This means that they would be banned under the Chemical Weapons Convention.
Allotropes of phosphorus

Phosphorus is an element that exists in different forms, called allotropes. The most common of these are white or red solids.

- In white phosphorous four atoms form a tetrahedral structure. There are two known crystalline forms. Because phosphorous will spontaneously ignite when it comes in contact with oxygen, it needs to be stored in a liquid such as water. Usually it is a waxy solid. Because it is highly flammable, white phosphorous is used as a weapon.
- Heating white phosphorous to about  without air will give red phosphorous. Red-phosphorous is amorphic, and will no longer self-ignite when exposed to air. It is used as a fire retardant. When exposed to a little energy, red phosphorous can explode.
- Black phosphorous is the most stable form. It is obtained by exposing white phosphorus to a high pressure.
Chris Phillips

**Chris Phillips** (born February 26, 1958) is an American voice actor. He is known for his roles in Rockstar video games such as Marty Chonks and El Burro in _Grand Theft Auto III_ and for voicing as Alex Balder, Mercenary and Killer Suit in _Max Payne_. He is also well known for his roles in Atari games such as Nolanoth, Thunderbelly, Lorne Starling, Koraboros and Prison Leader in _Neverwinter Nights 2_ and Crowley in _Alone in the Dark_.
Eden Espinosa

**Eden Erica Espinosa**  (born February 2, 1978) is an American actress and singer who is best known for her performance as Elphaba for the Broadway, Los Angeles and San Francisco productions of the musical _Wicked_.

## Other websites

- at the Internet Broadway Database
Mike Fasolo

**Mike Fasolo** (born January 28, 1969) is an American writer best known for his work on the television series _Robot Chicken_.

Fasolo was born and raised in the small town of Tuxedo, New York. He graduated from Tuxedo High School and earned his BA in Literature from Ramapo College of New Jersey. Fasolo's first writing job was at a local paper, _The Photo News_, where his first was published on the front page.

At _Wizard_, Fasolo became friends with Matt Senreich, the co-creator of _Robot Chicken_. In 2004, Cartoon Network picked up _Robot Chicken_ and, at Senreich's request, Fasolo moved to California to be a writer on the show. He also serves as a voice actor and creative director for the show.

Fasolo is represented by The Gersh Agency.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mike Fasolo
- **image**: Mike Fasolo by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Fasolo at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con
- **birth place**: Tuxedo, New York, U.S.
- **occupation**: Writer
- **known for**: _Robot Chicken_
Erik Per Sullivan

**Erik Per Sullivan** (born July 12, 1991) is an American retired actor. He is best known for his role as Dewey, the younger brother to middle child Malcolm on the Fox series _Malcolm in the Middle_.
Moroccan Arabic

**Moroccan Arabic** (, ), known as **Darija** in Morocco, is a form of Arabic spoken in Morocco. It is mutually intelligible to Algerian Arabic. It is spoken as a first language by about 50% to 75% of Morocco's population.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Moroccan Arabic
- **fam3**: Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic
- **ethnicity**: Arab-Berber, Arab-Berbers
- **notice**: IPA
- **glottorefname**: Moroccan Arabic
- **glotto**: moro1292
- **iso3**: ary
- **script**: Arabic alphabet
- **fam5**: Maghrebi Arabic
- **fam4**: Arabic languages, Arabic
- **fam2**: Semitic languages, Semitic
- **nativename**:

- **familycolor**: Afro-Asiatic
- **date**: 2014
- **speakers**: million
- **states**: Morocco
- **map**: Árabe marroquí.png
Alex D. Linz

**Alexander David Linz** (born January 3, 1989) is an American former child actor who starred in several late 1990s and early 2000s films and television series. His film roles include _Home Alone 3_ (1997) and _Max Keeble's Big Move_ (2001).
Maghrebi Arabic

**Maghrebi Arabic** (**Western Arabic**) is a vernacular Arabic variation spoken in the Maghreb region, in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Western Sahara, and Mauritania. They are clearly distinguished from the other dialects of the Mashreq and form the large western family of dialectal Arabic.

It can be genetically classified into two groups : the Bedouin dialects (Hilali, Maqilian and Sulaymite) and the pre-Hilali dialects (urban, village and Judeo-Arab).

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Maghrebi Arabic
- **altname**: Darija
- **ethnicity**: Arab-Berbers
- **region**: Maghreb
- **familycolor**: Afro-Asiatic
- **fam2**: Semitic languages, Semitic
- **fam3**: Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic
- **fam4**: Arabic
- **script**: Arabic alphabet
- **glotto**: nort3191
- **glottorefname**: North African Arabic
- **map**: Árabe magrebí.png
- **mapcaption**: Maghrebi Arabic dialects
Toddy Walters

**Toddy Elizabeth Walters** (born October 24, 1969 in Denver, Colorado) is an American actress, singer and songwriter. Walters went to the University of Colorado, where she met Trey Parker, who was casting his first live-action film _Cannibal! The Musical_ released by Troma in 1997. She was cast in the role of Polly Pry.
Jennifer Howell

**Jennifer Howell** is a Canadian senior film and television executive and producer. She is the voice of Bebe Stevens on the animated television series _South Park_ and was the show's supervising director from 1997 to 2006. Howell won the Emmy Award for _South Park_ in 2004 and the Peabody Award in 2005.
Deb Adair

**Deb Adair** (born April 22, 1966 in Manchester, Connecticut) is an American re-recording mixer. She won 3 Emmy Awards for Outstanding Film Sound Mixing - Special Class for her work on _Aladdin_ from 1995-1996 and _Timon & Pumbaa_ in 1997. On January 24, 2012, she was nominated for an Academy Award for the movie _Moneyball_.

Adair attended Syracuse University in TV, Radio and Film Production program.
RMS Slavonia

The **RMS Slavonia** was a British ship built in 1902, It belonged to the British India Line.

She is recognized for having sent the first rescue S.O.S Message in the naval history.

## Other websites

- Photo of RMS _Slavonia_

## Infobox (ship begin)


## Infobox (ship image)

- **image**:


## Infobox (ship career)

- **ship name**: *_Yamuna_ (1902–03)
*_Slavonia_ (1903–09)
- **ship owner**: *British India Steam Navigation Company, British India Line (1902–03)
*Cunard Line (1903–09)
- **ship ordered**: 15 November 1902
- **ship builder**: Sir J. Laing & Sons
- **ship yard number**: 600
- **ship out of service**: 10 June 1909
- **ship fate**: Wrecked 10 June 1909 in the Azores.


## Infobox (ship characteristics)

- **ship class**: Passenger ship
- **ship tonnage**: * (1902–03)
*,  (1903–09)
- **ship power**: Triple expansion steam engines
- **ship propulsion**: Twin screw propellers
- **ship capacity**: *40 first class and 800 steerage class passengers (1902–03)
*71 first class, 74 second class and 1,954 steerage class passengers (1903–09)
- **ship crew**: 225
The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing

***The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing*** (, _al-Kitāb al-Mukhtaṣar fī Ḥisāb al-Jabr wal-Muqābalah_; ), also known as ***Al-Jabr*** (), is a mathematical book on algebra written by  Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī around 820 CE. _Al-Jabr_ was important in the history of mathematics, the term "algebra" itself derived from _Al-Jabr_.

## Area and volume

The book show ways of finding area and volume. These include approximations of pi (π), as 3 1/7, √10, and 62832/20000. This latter approximation, this equals 3.1416, which appeared in _Āryabhaṭīya_ (499 CE).

## Infobox (book)

- **native wikisource**: ar:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9
- **orig lang code**: ar
- **alt**: title page in Arabic writing and calligraphy; hand-drawn ornamental frame; parchment is gilded and stained from age
- **caption**: title page, 9th century
- **author**: Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi
- **title orig**: كتاب المختصر في حساب الجبر والمقابلة
- **genre**: Mathematics
- **country**: Abbasid Caliphate
- **language**: Arabic
- **subject**: Algebra
- **image**: Image-Al-Kitāb al-muḫtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-ğabr wa-l-muqābala.jpg
Immurement

**Immurement** (from Latin "immurus", meaning " wall in"  or "enwall"), **immuration** or **live entombment** is a historical form of imprisonment, generally until death, in which someone is/was placed in an enclosed space with the opening walled off. Immurement has been used as a punishment and as a form of human sacrifice. As a punishment, live entombment was largely used on members of clergy (monks, nuns and ancient Rome's Vestal Virgins for example) and others whose blood was not allowed to be spilled according to custom and or law.  In Mongolia, women who were accused of adultery were often immured in crates which had a holes for the head and one arm to poke through. The latest documented case of immurement as a form of execution occurred in 1906 in Morocco. The one walled up in this case was a Serial killer named Mohammed Mesfewi who was originally sentenced to crucifixion before foreign dignitaries talked the Moroccan government out of it.

As a form of human sacrifice, live entombment was intended to ensure that buildings and bridges remained standing. Immuring living people in this manner was thought to bring good luck to the structure. The song  may be about such sacrificial entombment. A Vestal Virgin when immured was usually given a dagger with which to kill herself. Other entombed victims would be left to dehydrate and starve to death, but sometimes they were fed regularly. In that case, immurement was more life imprisonment than a form of execution. Immurement has also been used as a form of devotion to one's faith, groups such as anchorites voluntarily had themselves walled up alive. There have been historical and fictional accounts of people being walled in alive. One story of fictional immuration is in the story The Cask of Armontillado by Edgar Allen Poe.
Selkup people

The **Selkup** (Russian: селькупы) people are a native population of Russia. They come from northern West Siberia. They are a Samoyedic people. They used to be called Ostyak-Samoyeds (остяко-самоеды). They live in the northern parts of Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai and Tyumen Oblast (with Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug).

## Language

Selkups speak the Selkup language. It is part of the Samoyedic languages, which is a group of Uralic languages.

## History

The Selkups came from the middle basin of the Ob River. They came from the Yeniseian and Samoyedic peoples, who moved to that region from the Sayan Mountains.

## Contact with Russians and Tatars

The first time Selkups appeared in Russian records was in 1246.

Turkic-Tatars ruled the Selkups and other Southern Samoyed people in the 13th century. Russians took over and ruled the Selkups by 1628. Some Selkups began to move to the Taz River and Turukhan River. They hunted, fished, and bred reindeer. They had a hard time breeding reindeer when Russian settlers started hunting them too. The Selkups tried to fight against the Russians, but they were defeated.

In the 18th century, Selkups were given Russian names. They were also forced to convert to Christianity. They went through Russification, which means they were forced to give up their traditional culture and be more like Russians. In the 1930s, Selkup people were forced to settle, and their children were sent to boarding schools. Today, they suffer from racial discrimination, unemployment and alcohol abuse.

## Population

In 2002, 4,249 Selkups lived in Russia. In 2010, 3,649 Selkups lived in Russia.

In 2001, 62 Selkups lived in Ukraine.

The main Selkup settlements in Siberia are Krasnoselkup and Kargasok.

## Culture

Traditionally, the Selkups hunted, fished, and herded reindeer. They also used dugout canoes to sail on rivers.

Kai Reinhold Donner (1888-1935) studied the Selkup people and their culture in 1911-1912 and 1914. Eugene Helimski also researched Selkup culture.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Selkup
- **flag**: Flag of Selkup people.svg
- **flag caption**: Flag
- **image**:
- **caption**: Selkup man from Obdorsk, Ob river
- **pop1**: 3,649
- **languages**: Selkup language
- **related**: Nganasans, Nenets people, Nenets, Enets people, Enets
Restraint

**Restraint** may refer to:
- **restraint device** - an apparatus such as handcuffs, leg irons, a leash or makeshift restraints such as rope or duct tape used to bind someone's hands or feet together or to restrict a domestic animal's motion.
- **safety restraint** - a device such as a seat belt or harness used to stop someone from falling out of a moving vehicle, through a windshield or falling from a great height
- **self restraint** - the ability to resist temptation or to refrain from something
Jane Campion

**Dame Elizabeth Jane Campion**  (born 30 April 1954) is a New Zealand director, screenwriter, and producer. She became the first woman to be nominated twice for the Academy Award for Best Director. She is also the first female filmmaker to win the Palme d'Or for _The Piano_ (1993). This movie also won her the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. She won the Oscar for Best Director for her movie _The Power of the Dog_ (2021).

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Dame
- **name**: Jane Campion
- **image**: Jane Campion DNZM (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Campion in 2016
- **birth name**: Elizabeth Jane Campion
- **birth place**: Wellington, New Zealand
- **mother**: Edith Campion (actress), Edith Campion
- **father**: Richard Campion (theatre director), Richard Campion
- **children**: Alice Englert
- **signature**: Jane Campion signature.svg
Bowling alley

A **bowling alley** (also known as a **bowling center**, **bowling lounge**, **bowling arena**, or **bowling club**) is a place where people can play one of the varying forms of bowling. The term **bowling alley** can also refer to the bowling lane or lanes themselves. Bowling alleys can be in dedicated bowling venues, part of larger public entertainment facilities (either on their own or part of a housing development or resort hotel), or they can be located in high-end private dwellings.

## Other websites

- U.S. Bowling Alleys Database
Battle of Irpin

The **Battle of Irpin** was a battle that was fought for control over the city of Irpin, Ukraine during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The battle is being fought between the Russian and Ukrainian militaries. As part of the Kyiv offensive (2022), the Russian forces tried to take control of Irpin, Bucha, and Hostomel. By controlling thses cities, they would encircle and besiege the Ukrainian capital city Kyiv from the west. Because of the fighting, the Kyiv Oblast State Administration said that Bucha, Irpin, Hostomel, Highway M06, and Vyshhorod were the most dangerous places in the Kyiv Oblast.

## Prelude

In the beginning of invasion, Russian forces captured the Hostomel Airport. This gave them a foothold in the town. The Ukrainian military fought against the Russian forces in Hostomel. The Russian forces began to move south to capture Irpin and the nearby city of Bucha. Their goal was to encircle Kyiv.

On 25 February 2022, Ukrainian forces destroyed a group of Russian forces moving to Irpin. On 26 February 2022, a person living in Irpin recorded a video. It said that Russian paratroopers were making themselves look like civilians.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Irpin
- **partof**: Kyiv offensive (2022) of the  2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine
- **place**: Irpin, Ukraine
- **date**: 27 February 2022 – 28 March 2022
- **status**: Ukrainian victory
* Russian forces capture half of Irpin
* Major civilian exodus
- **units1**: *  Russian Airborne Forces
*
*
**  18th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment
- **units2**: *
*
*  Territorial Defense Forces (Ukraine), Territorial Defense Forces
- **commander1**: Unknown
- **commander2**: Unknown
- **casualties1**: **Per Ukraine:**
- **casualties2**: Unknown number of civilians killed
Robert McLendon

**Robert McLendon** (November 24, 1936 – March 9, 2022) was an American Democrat politician. He was a member of the Arizona House of Representatives from 1983 until 2001. McLendon was born in Romney, Texas.

McLendon died on March 9, 2022 in Yuma, Arizona at the age of 85.
Romney, Texas

**Romney** is an unincorporated community in Eastland County in the U.S. state of Texas.
Sandra Cavalcanti

**Sandra Martins Cavalcanti de Albuquerque** (30 August 1925 – 11 March 2022) was a Brazilian politician, linguist, and academic. She was a deputy from 1987 to 1995. She was born in Belém, Pará, Brazil.

Cavalcanti died on 11 March 2022 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil at the age of 96.
João Evangelista Martins Terra

**Joăo Evangelista Martins Terra S.J.** (7 March 1925 – 11 March 2022) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Jardinópolis, São Paulo. He became a priest in 1956 for the Society of Jesus. He was appointed titular bishop of _Bagis_ and then was the auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Olinda and Recife, Brazil, from 1988 to 1994 and as the auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brasilia, Brazil, from 1994 until his retirement in 2004.

Martins Terra died on 11 March 2022, four days after his 97th birthday.
Jardinópolis, São Paulo

**Jardinópolis** is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the outskirts of Ribeirão Preto. The population is 44,970 (2020 est.) in an area of 502 km<sup>2</sup>.

## Location

It is located in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. São Paulo is in the southeast part of Brazil. Jardinópolis is about 205 miles (330 kilometers) away from the big city of São Paulo.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: The Municipality of Jardinópolis
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Brazil, Municipality
- **image shield**: BrasaoJardinopolisSP.svg
- **image flag**: BandeiraJardinopolisSP.svg
- **image map**: SaoPaulo Municip Jardinopolis.svg
- **map caption**: Location in São Paulo  state
- **pushpin map**: Brazil
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Brazil
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Brazil
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Brazil, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Southeast Region, Brazil, Southeast
- **subdivision type2**: States of Brazil, State
- **subdivision name2**: São Paulo (state), São Paulo
- **subdivision type3**: Mesoregions of Brazil, Mesoregion
- **subdivision type4**: Microregion (Brazil), Microregion
- **subdivision type5**: Metropolitan area#Brazil, Metrop. region
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **area total km2**: 502
- **population total**: 44,970
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Human Development Index, HDI
- **timezone1**: Time in Brazil, BRT
- **utc offset1**: -03:00
- **timezone1 dst**: Daylight saving time in Brazil, BRST
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 14680-000
- **area code type**: List of dialling codes in Brazil, Area code
- **area code**: 16
- **name**: Jardinópolis
Prison uniform

A **prison uniform** is a standardized suit inmates in correctional and other incarcerating facilities are made to wear. The purposes of such uniforms are to humiliate prisoners as part of the punishment, making it easier to prevent prison escape by making it easy to spot an inmate in the process of escaping or who has just escaped, to greatly limit the possibility of self harm that's easier with free world clothes, identifying inmates on chain gangs in areas that still use them, promoting equality, etc.

In North America, prison uniforms usually are styled after jumpsuits or medical scrubs, though other varieties are also used. Jumpsuit style uniforms usually have short sleeves.
Timmy Thomas

**Timothy E. Thomas** (November 13, 1944 – March 11, 2022) was an American R&B singer-songwriter, keyboardist and  record producer. He was best known for the hit song, "Why Can't We Live Together".

Thomas died on March 11, 2022, at the age of 77.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Timmy Thomas
- **image**: Timmy Thomas (cropped).jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Timothy E. Thomas
- **birth place**: Evansville, Indiana, U.S.
- **genre**: Rhythm and blues, R&B, Soul music, soul
- **instrument**: Keyboard instrument, Keyboards, Organ (music), organ, vocals
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter, musician, record producer
- **years active**: Early 1960s–1990s
- **label**: TK Records, Glades, Marlin Records, Marlin, Gold Mountain Records, Gold Mountain
Traci Braxton

**Traci Renee Braxton** (April 2, 1971 – March 12, 2022) was an American singer, reality television personality, and radio personality.

Braxton's solo debut album, _Crash & Burn_, was released in October 2014. "Last Call" peaked at number 16 on the US R&B Adult chart.

In August 2018, Traci Braxton released the song "Lifeline" as the official lead single from her second album, _On Earth_, which was released later that month.

Braxton died on March 12, 2022, at the age of 50. She had esophageal cancer for at least one year before her death.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Traci Braxton
- **image**: Traci Braxton in 2014.jpg
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **caption**: Braxton performing at Howard University in 2014
- **birth name**: Traci Renee Braxton
- **birth place**: Severn, Maryland, U.S
- **occupation**: Singer, media personality
- **years active**: 1989–2022
Severn, Maryland

**Severn** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, United States. The population was 57,118 at the 2020 census.
Jumpsuits

A **jumpsuit** is a one-piece garment with sleeves and legs. It has no coverings for feet, hands or head. The original jump suit is the functional one-piece garment used by parachuters.

Jumpsuits are garments of convenience, as they're quicker to put on and remove than outfits with two or more pieces.

Variants of jumpsuits include flight suits,  made of thicker fabric to retain heat, rompers, short-sleeved suits with often shorts instead of trousers, short-sleeved orange or striped suits used in North America as prison uniforms, and onesies, track suit style jumpsuits sometimes worn as pyjamas.
Eliezer Goldberg

**Eliezer Goldberg** (; 24 May 1931 – 12 March 2022) was an Israeli politician and lawyer. He was on the Supreme Court of Israel from 1983 until 1988. He was the State Comptroller of Israel from 1998 until 2005. Goldberg was born in Jerusalem.

Goldberg died on 12 March 2022 in Jerusalem at the age of 90.
Pentti Karvonen

**Pentti Kalevi Karvonen** (15 August 1931 – 12 March 2022) was a Finnish steeplechase runner. He competed in the men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Karvonen died on 12 March 2022, at the age of 90.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Pentti Karvonen
- **full name**: Pentti Kalevi Karvonen
- **image**: Pentti Karvonen.jpg
- **nationality**: Finnish
- **sport**: Steeplechase (athletics), Steeplechase running
- **birth place**: Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast, Koivisto, Finland
- **death place**: Porvoo, Finland
Alain Krivine

**Alain Krivine** (; 10 July 1941 – 12 March 2022) was a French Trotskyist leader. He was born in Paris, France. Krivine was a member of the Ligue communiste révolutionnaire (LCR). He was a member of the European Parliament from 1999 to 2004.

Krivine died on 12 March 2022 in Paris at the age of 80.
Vic Elford

**Victor Henry Elford** (10 June 1935 – 13 March 2022) was an English sports car racing, rallying and Formula One driver. He took part in 13 World Championship F1 Grands Prix, debuting on 7 July 1968.

Elford died on 13 March 2022, at the age of 86 from cancer.

## Infobox (f1 driver)

- **name**: Vic Elford
- **image**: Vic Elford Watkins Glen 2010 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Elford in 2010 at Watkins Glen International, Watkins Glen
- **nationality**: British
- **birth place**: Peckham, London, England
- **years**: – ,
- **team(s)**: Cooper Car Company, Cooper, McLaren, British Racing Motors, BRM
- **races**: 13
- **championships**: 0
- **wins**: 0
- **podiums**: 0
- **points**: 8
- **poles**: 0
- **fastest laps**: 0
- **first race**: 1968 French Grand Prix
- **last race**: 1971 German Grand Prix


## Infobox (le mans driver)

- **years**: – ,
- **team(s)**: Porsche in motorsport, Porsche System
Porsche Salzburg
Martini Racing
Alfa Romeo in motorsport, Autodelta SpA
Charles Pozzi, Automobiles Charles Pozzi
_Robert Buchet_
Jean Rondeau, Rondeau
- **best finish**: 6th <small>()</small>
- **class wins**: 2 <small>(, )</small>
Ashiya, Hyōgo

is a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, between the cities of Nishinomiya and Kobe.

## Infobox (place symbols)

- **embedded**: yes
- **tree**: Japanese Black Pine
- **flower**: Azalea, Kobano-mitsuba-tsutsuji


## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ashiya
- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: Ashiya montage.JPG
- **image caption**: Clockwise from top, Ashiya River, Ashiya Municipal Museum Art, Yodoko Guest House, Emba Museum of Modern Art, Ashiya Citizen Center, Bell Port Ashiya, Jyunichiro Tanizaki Memorial Hall
- **image flag**: Flag of Ashiya, Hyogo.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Ashiya, Hyogo.svg
- **seal type**: Emblem
- **image map**: Ashiya in Hyogo Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Ashiya in Hyōgo Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Japan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Kansai region, Kansai
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Hyōgo Prefecture
- **subdivision type3**: Districts of Japan, District
- **extinct title**: Now part of
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Mai Itō
- **leader title1**: Vice Mayor
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 18.47
- **population total**: 94,116
- **population as of**: March 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time, JST
- **utc offset1**: +09:00
- **blank name sec1**: City hall address
- **blank info sec1**: 7-6 Seidōchō, Ashiya-shi, Hyōgo-ken
659-8501
Antonio Nachura

**Antonio Eduardo Bermejo Nachura** (June 13, 1941 – March 13, 2022) was a Filipino jurist. He was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 2007 until 2011. Nachura had been Solicitor-General of the Philippines.

Nachura died on 13 March 2022, at the age of 80.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Antonio Nachura
- **imagesize**: frameless
- **office**: 158th Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
- **term start**: February 7, 2007
- **term end**: June 13, 2011
- **appointer**: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
- **predecessor**: Reynato Puno
- **successor**: Bienvenido L. Reyes
- **office2**: Office of the Solicitor General (Philippines), Solicitor General of the Philippines
- **president2**: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
- **term start2**: April 3, 2006
- **term end2**: February 7, 2007
- **predecessor2**: Alfredo Benipayo
- **successor2**: Agnes Devanadera
- **office3**: Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, Philippine House of Representatives from Samar, Samar's Legislative districts of Samar, 2nd District
- **term start3**: June 30, 1998
- **term end3**: June 30, 2004
- **predecessor3**: Catalino V. Figueroa
- **successor3**: Catalino V. Figueroa
- **birth name**: Antonio Eduardo Bermejo Nachura
- **birth place**: Catbalogan, Commonwealth of the Philippines
- **spouse**: Conchita Sison
Wai Ching Ho

**Wai Ching Ho** (born 16 November 1943) is a Hong Kong actress. She is known for her role as Madame Gao in the Marvel Cinematic Universe in _Daredevil_ (2015–2016), _Iron Fist_ (2017) and _The Defenders_ (2017).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Wai Ching Ho
- **image**: Wai Ching Ho, German Comic Con 2017 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Ho in 2017
- **birth place**: British Hong Kong
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1987–present