juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Balleny Islands

The **Balleny Islands **are a group of uninhabited islands in the Southern Ocean, near Antarctica. They are located about 2,400 kilometers (1,500 miles) south of New Zealand.

## Geography

The Balleny Islands are volcanic and mostly covered in ice and snow. There are three main islands:
- Young Island – the northernmost
- Buckle Island – in the middle
- Sturge Island – the southernmost and largest

There are also several smaller islets and rocks around them:
- Rowe Island
- Borradaile Islands
- Sabrina Islet

The islands are part of the Ross Dependency, claimed by New Zealand.

## History

The islands were discovered in 1839 by John Balleny, a British sealer and explorer. He was sailing for a company trying to find new sealing grounds.The islands are very remote and hard to reach, so they have not been used much by people.

## Nature

The Balleny Islands are important for wildlife. They are home to:
- Penguins (especially Adélie and chinstrap)
- Seabirds
- Seals

Some small plants grow there, like moss and lichens. The sea around the islands is also rich in marine life.

## Protection

The islands are protected under the Antarctic Treaty System. This means they are used only for peaceful and scientific purposes.

They are also part of an Important Bird Area (IBA) because many seabirds nest there.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: Balleny Islands
- **image name**: Balleny Map.jpg
- **image caption**: Map of the Balleny Islands
- **map**: Antarctica
- **map caption**: Location in Antarctica
- **location**: Antarctica
- **archipelago**: Balleny Islands
- **area km2**: 800
- **highest mount**: Brown Peak (Sturge Island), Brown Peak
- **elevation m**: 1705
Wilkes Land

**Wilkes Land **is a large part of East Antarctica in Antarctica. It faces the Indian Ocean and is covered by a thick sheet of ice. Wilkes Land is named after Charles Wilkes, an American explorer who led an expedition there in the 1840s.

## Geography

Wilkes Land is very big — it stretches for about 2,600 kilometers (1,600 miles) along the coast of Antarctica. It is mostly made up of ice-covered land, but scientists believe there is land and rock underneath the ice.

Part of the land is in a region claimed by Australia. This area is called the Australian Antarctic Territory.

## Wilkes Land Crater

In 2006, scientists found signs of a possible large crater under the ice in Wilkes Land. It is called the Wilkes Land Crater. They think it may have been caused by a giant asteroid impact over 250 million years ago. Some scientists believe it could be linked to the mass extinction that ended the Permian period.

## Exploration and Research

Because of the harsh weather and ice, Wilkes Land is hard to explore. Most of what we know comes from satellite images and scientific research.

Some nearby research stations are run by France, Russia, and Australia, but there are no permanent stations directly in the center of Wilkes Land.

## Politics

Wilkes Land is part of the area claimed by Australia under the Antarctic Treaty System. However, under the treaty, no country's claim is officially recognized. Antarctica is only used for peaceful and scientific purposes.
Ice cap climate

An **ice cap climate** is a type of polar climate found in the polar regions, like Antarctica and the Arctic, and at high altitudes, like the Himalayas. In this climate, the temperature never goes above 0°C (32°F), even in summer. Because of this, snow and ice stay on the ground all year.

## Description

In the Köppen climate classification, the ice cap climate is called EF. It is found in places where the temperature is never above 0°C (32°F) in any month of the year. The 3 major areas where ice cap climate is found on Antarctica, inner Greenland, and the summits of many high mountains, particularly the 10 highest mountains of the world. The tundra climate (called ET) is different from the ice cap climate: Tundras have a short summer, where temperatures go above freezing, and this melts some ice and allows plants to grow. Ice cap areas are too cold for any plants to grow. The ice cap climate is the coldest climate in the world. The coldest place on Earth is Vostok Station in Antarctica. Its average temperature is −55.2°C (−67.4°F), and the lowest temperature ever recorded there was −89.2°C (−128.6°F) at July 21, 1983.

## Locations

The ice cap climate is found in:
- Antarctica
- Greenland's interior
- The summits of the mountains of the Himalayas, Karakoram, Tian Shan Mountains, Pamir Mountains, Hindu Kush Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains.
- Some ice caps of the Arctic islands of Canada, Russia, and Svalbard.

## Weather

The weather in ice cap climates is the coldest of all. The description of an ice cap climate is:
- Extremely cold – winter temperatures can go below −60°C (−76°F)
- Very dry – there is little snowfall, making it a polar desert
- Windy – strong winds can make it feel even colder (wind chill)
- Dark in winter, with 24-hour daylight in summer (polar day and polar night) (excluding the Asian mountain summits)

## Snow and Ice

Since the temperature never melts the snow, it builds up over thousands of years. This creates:
- Thick ice sheets and ice shelves
- Glaciers that slowly move toward the sea
- Icebergs that break off and float in the ocean

## Life

Very few plants or animals live in ice cap climates. There are:
- No trees or bushes
- Only small plants like moss and lichens (in some areas near the coast)
- Penguins, seals, and seabirds (in Antarctica)
- Polar bears, seals, and walruses (in the Arctic)

## Human Activity

Because it is so cold and isolated, no people live permanently in ice cap climates. However:
- Scientists visit to study the ice, climate, and wildlife
- Research stations are built on the ice in places like Antarctica
- The ice cap climate is important for studying climate change
San Martín Base

**San Martín Base** is an Argentine research station in Antarctica. It is one of Argentina’s permanent bases on the continent and is run by the Argentine Army. The base is named after General José de San Martín, a national hero of Argentina.

## Geography

San Martín Base is located on Barry Island, in Marguerite Bay, along the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. This area is part of Graham Land, which is the northernmost part of mainland Antarctica.

## History

The base was opened on March 21, 1951. It was the first Argentine base built on Antarctica’s mainland (not on an island). The station has been active ever since, making it one of the oldest permanent bases in Antarctica.

## Climate

San Martín Base has a polar ice cap climate, with:
- Very cold temperatures, usually below 0°C (32°F) all year
- Strong winds and snow
- A short period of 24-hour daylight in summer and 24-hour darkness in winter

## Research and Activities

Scientists at the base study:
- Glaciology (the study of ice and glaciers)
- Meteorology (the weather)
- Geology (the Earth’s surface)
- Biology (plants and animals in extreme environments)

The base also helps with logistics, mapping, and communications for other missions in the area.

## Facilities

San Martín Base has:
- Living quarters for about 20 people in winter and more in summer
- Labs and equipment for scientific research
- A small airstrip for helicopters and supply planes (when weather allows)

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: San Martín Base
- **settlement type**: Antarctic base
- **image skyline**: San_Martín_Base,_Antarctica.jpg
- **image alt**: San Martín in 2008 austral winter
- **image caption**: San Martín in 2008 austral winter
- **imagesize**: 300
- **pushpin map**: Antarctica
- **pushpin map alt**: Location within Antarctica
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Antarctica
- **pushpin mapsize**: 350
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **established title**: Established
- **established title1**:
 (1950–51 austral summer season)
- **established title2**: Founded
- **elevation m**: 5
- **population as of**: 2017
- **population blank1 title**: Summer
- **population blank1**: 19
- **population blank2 title**: Winter
- **population blank2**: 21
- **timezone1**: Time in Argentina, ART
- **utc offset1**: -3
American Highland

The **American Highland** is a large, high area of land in East Antarctica. It is mostly covered by ice and is part of the Antarctic Plateau. The region is very cold and dry, with strong winds and almost no life.

## Location

The American Highland is located in Wilkes Land, in the eastern part of Antarctica. It lies near other icy regions such as:
- Prince Charles Mountains
- Aurora Subglacial Basin
- Wilkes Subglacial Basin

Its exact borders are not clearly marked because the land is buried under thick ice sheets.

## Name

The area was named "American Highland" by early explorers and scientists because it was mapped using U.S. satellite and aerial surveys during the Cold War era. The name reflects the involvement of the United States in Antarctic research.

## History

The American Highland has been studied mainly through remote sensing, because it is covered by thick ice and very hard to reach. It was first mapped during the Cold War, when the United States and other countries were exploring Antarctica using aerial photography and satellite images.

In the 1950s and 1960s, U.S. aircraft from missions like Operation Highjump and Operation Deep Freeze flew over East Antarctica. These missions helped create the first detailed maps of the ice-covered land, including the area now called the American Highland.

The name "American Highland" was given by scientists using U.S. mapping data to describe this high, icy region in Wilkes Land. It was not named because the U.S. claimed the land (all territorial claims are frozen under the Antarctic Treaty System), but to recognize America's role in its discovery and study.

Later, during the 1970s to the 2000s, international programs like RADARSAT (a Canadian satellite radar mission), NASA's Operation IceBridge, and the BEDMAP and BEDMAP2 projects helped improve our knowledge of the land beneath the ice, including the height, shape, and ice thickness of the American Highland.

Today, scientists continue to study the region using ice-penetrating radar, satellite altimetry, and climate models to learn more about how this part of Antarctica is changing over time.

## Geography

The American Highland is part of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, one of the two major ice sheets covering the continent. It is a highland, meaning the land underneath the ice is higher than surrounding areas. The ice in this region is very thick—often more than 3,000 meters (9,800 feet).

## Exploration and Research

Most of what we know about the American Highland comes from:
- Satellite images
- Ice-penetrating radar
- International scientific surveys

No research stations are directly on the American Highland, but nearby bases like Dome C (France/Italy) and Wilkes Station (Australia) help with studying the region.

## Climate

The climate in the American Highland is:
- Ice cap climate (EF) – temperatures never rise above freezing
- Extremely cold – winter temperatures can go below −60°C (−76°F)
- Low snowfall – it is a type of polar desert

## Infobox (landform)

- **name**: American Highland
- **type**: Plateau
- **map**: Antarctica
- **location**: Antarctica
Proceratophrys rondonae

***Proceratophrys rondonae*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Home

Scientists found the frog in Amazon forest with streams nearby.

People have seen this frog in protected parks, for example Parque Nacional de Pacaás Novos.

## Young

The female frog puts eggs in pools of rainwater.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say they do not know if the frog is in danger of dying out or how much danger it is in. People have changed the places where the frogs live by cutting down big pieces of forest to make farms, for example soybean farms and places for animals to eat grass.
Palmer Station

**Palmer Station **is a United States research station in Antarctica. It is located on Anvers Island, near the Antarctic Peninsula. Palmer Station is one of three U.S. research stations in Antarctica and is the only one located north of the Antarctic Circle.

## Geography

Palmer Station is on the coast of Anvers Island, which is part of the Palmer Archipelago. It is near the Southern Ocean, and the station looks out over Arthur Harbor.

## History

Palmer Station opened in 1968. It was built to replace an older U.S. base called "Old Palmer," which was too small and not safe in bad weather. The station is named after Nathaniel B. Palmer, an American sealer who may have been one of the first people to see Antarctica in 1820.

## Climate

Palmer Station has a cold polar climate, but it is not as cold as stations deeper in Antarctica. The weather includes:
- Snow and ice for much of the year
- Short summers with temperatures sometimes above 0°C (32°F)
- Strong winds and cloudy skies
- The average temperature for the year in Palmer Station is -1.8ºC (28.8ºF). The warmest month, on average, is January. The coldest month is August.

## Research

Palmer Station is used for scientific research, especially in:
- Marine biology – studying animals in the sea, like krill, penguins, and seals
- Glaciology – the study of ice and glaciers
- Climate change – understanding how warming affects the polar environment

Scientists often use small boats and scuba diving to study the ocean and marine life.

## People

The station usually has about 20–45 people living there, depending on the season. In summer, more scientists arrive, while in winter the crew is smaller. Supplies and people are brought in by ship from South America (usually from Chile).

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Palmer Station
- **settlement type**: Antarctica, Antarctic research station, base
- **image skyline**: EXISTING CONDITIONS FOR PALMER STATION.png
- **imagesize**: 270
- **image caption**: Palmer Station at January 2016.
- **mapsize**: 270px
- **pushpin map**: Antarctica
- **pushpin map alt**: Location of Palmer Station in Antarctica
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Palmer Station in Antarctica
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **established title**: Established
- **elevation m**: 10
- **population as of**: 2017
- **population blank1 title**: Summer
- **population blank1**: 44
- **population blank2 title**: Winter
- **population blank2**: 13
- **timezone1**: Time in Chile, CLT
- **utc offset1**: -3
Chuggington

***Chuggington*** is an animated children's television series that aired on CBeebies and BBC Two from September 24, 2008 to December 19, 2021, made by six seasons, specials, and Badge Quest. It is produced by Ludorum plc and Herschend Entertainment Studios.
Mario Tennis Fever

***Mario Tennis Fever*** is a sports video game made by Nintendo and is only on the Nintendo Switch 2. The game, which is part of the _Mario Tennis_ series of games, came out on February 12, 2026. _Mario Tennis Fever_ is based off of the tennis sport, with the games main feature being Fever Rackets, which are tennis rackets that let the player have different power-ups.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Mario Tennis Fever
- **developer**: Nintendo
- **series**: Mario Tennis
- **platforms**: Nintendo Switch 2
- **genre**: Sports video game
Enlightened

**Enlightened** may refer to:
- _Enlightened_ (TV series), an American comedy-drama
- _Enlightened_ (album), 2007, by Dynamic Duo
- The Enlightened, a faction in _Ingress_ (video game)

## Related pages

- Enlightened self-interest, a philosophy in ethics
- Enlightenment in Buddhism, spiritual enlightenment
- Enlightenment (disambiguation)
Dance Contest

**Dance Contest** may refer to:

- "Dance Contest", a 2007 episode of _Drake & Josh_
- "Dance Contest", a 2007 episode of _Zoey 101_
- Eurovision Dance Contest, an international ballroom dancing competition
Meanings

**Meaning** most commonly refers to:

- Meaning (linguistics), meaning which is communicated through the use of language
- Meaning (non-linguistic), a general term of art to capture senses of the word "meaning", independent from its linguistic uses
- Meaning (philosophy), definition, elements, and types of meaning discussed in philosophy
- The meaning of life, the significance, purpose, or worth of human existence

**Meaning** may also refer to:
- Meaning (psychology), epistemological position, in psychology as well as philosophy, linguistics, semiotics and sociology
- Meaning (semiotics), the distribution of signs in sign relations
- Meaning (existential), the meaning of life in contemporary existentialism
- Meaning, the product of a process of a meaning-making
- Meaning, "the individual's sense of understanding events in which he is engaged", described in

## Arts and entertainment

- _Meanings_ (album), a 2004 album by Gad Elbaz
- "Meaning" (_House_), a 2006 episode of the TV series _House_
- Meaning (music), the philosophical question of meaning in relation to music
- "Meaning", a 2007 song by Gavin DeGraw from _Chariot_
- "The Meaning", a song on _Discipline_ (Janet Jackson album) (2008)
- _The Meaning_ (album), a 2011 album by Layzie Bone

## Related pages

- Contronym
- Linguistics, the scientific study of language
- Semantics, the study of meaning
Moderator

**Moderator** may refer to:

## Government

- Moderator (town official), elected official who presides over the Town Meeting form of government in various American states.

## Internet

- Internet forum moderator, a person given special authority to enforce the rules on a forum or social media platforms
- Game moderator
- Moderator of a Usenet newsgroup
- Google Moderator, an application to assist chairmen of online meetings

## Religion

- Moderator of the General Assembly, the chairperson of the highest court in Presbyterian and Reformed churches
- Moderators and clerks in the Church of Scotland, the chairperson of any of the courts of the Church of Scotland
- Moderator of the curia, an administrative position in the Catholic church

## Nuclear engineering

- Neutron moderator, a medium that reduces the velocity of fast neutrons, for example in a nuclear reactor

## Other uses

- Moderator variable, in statistics, a qualitative or quantitative variable that affects the direction and/or strength of the relation between dependent and independent variables
- Sound moderator, a suppressor attached to a firearm
- A faction in the Regulator–Moderator War
- Discussion moderator, a person who controls the tone of a discussion or debate
TV (disambiguation)

**TV** or television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images and sound.

**TV** may also refer to:

## Arts and entertainment

- .tv (TV channel), a British TV channel
- _TV (The Book)_, a 2016 collection of essays by Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz
- _Taylor's Versions_, a series of re-recorded albums by Taylor Swift
- "TV", a song by Billie Eilish from the extended play _Guitar Songs_ (2022)
- _Tribes: Vengeance_ or _T:V_, a video game in the _Tribes_ series

## Medicine

- Tidal volume, the normal amount of air inspired and expired at rest
- Trichomonas vaginalis

## Places

- Titov Veles, Macedonia (vehicle registration prefix TV)
- Trebišov, a town in Slovakia
- Province of Treviso, Italy (vehicle registration prefix TV)
- Tualatin Valley, a place near Portland, Oregon, United States
    - Tualatin Valley Highway, commonly referred to as "TV Highway"
- Tuvalu (ISO 3166-1 country code TV)

## Science and technology

- Television set, a device used to view television broadcasts
- .tv, the country code top-level domain of Tuvalu
- TV Seastar, a jet aircraft
- Fokker T.V, a World War II bomber aircraft
- Shutter priority or TV, a setting on cameras that allows the user to choose a shutter speed
- Teravolt, a multiple of the SI-derived unit of electrical potential, the Volt

## Other uses

- T–V distinction, a contrast, within one language, between second-person pronouns to indicate levels of politeness
- Virgin Express (IATA airline code TV)
- Transvestite, a person who habitually dresses in cross-sex clothing without intention to medically or hormonally transition to that sex
- Apple TV app, an app for Apple TV, iOS and other devices
- TeeVee (cartoonist), an Indian political cartoonist
- T.V., a character who is Jake the Dog’s son in the animated series _Adventure Time_

## See also

- Mike Teavee, a fictional character in the Roald Dahl novel _Charlie and the Chocolate Factory_, and adaptations
- &TV, a TV station
- TV Maria, a catholic TV channel in the Philippines
- _TV Patrol_, a Filipino newscast on ABS-CBN
- Television (disambiguation)
- ITV (disambiguation)
- Apple TV (disambiguation)
Gironella

**Gironella** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 6.830 km² and a population of 4,926 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Gironella
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Bandera de Gironella.svg
- **image seal**: Escut de Gironella.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: David Font
- **area total km2**: 6.830
- **population total**: 4,926
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 721.2
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08680
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08092
Berguedà

**Berguedà** is a comarca in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain. The capital is the city of Berga (province of Barcelona).

## Municipalities

|Municipality|Areakm|Population(2021)|Density/km|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Avià|27.16|2,198|80.93|
|Bagà|43.11|2,143|49.71|
|Berga|22.54|16,663|739.3|
|Borredà|43.56|459|10.54|
|Capolat|34.31|84|2.448|
|Casserres|29.38|1,638|55.75|
|Castell de l'Areny|24.81|72|2.902|
|Castellar de n'Hug|46.83|165|3.523|
|Castellar del Riu|32.89|169|5.138|
|Cercs|47.20|1,192|25.25|
|l'Espunyola|35.35|260|7.355|
|Fígols|29.67|44|1.483|
|Gironella|6.830|4,926|721.2|
|Gisclareny|36.60|27|0.738|
|Gósol|56.32|232|4.119|
|Guardiola de Berguedà|61.43|927|15.09|
|Montclar|22.28|136|6.104|
|Montmajor|76.03|469|6.169|
|la Nou de Berguedà|24.87|174|6.996|
|Olvan|35.41|875|24.71|
|la Pobla de Lillet|51.52|1,059|20.56|
|Puig-reig|46.16|4,290|92.94|
|la Quar|37.74|49|1.298|
|Sagàs|44.85|151|3.367|
|Saldes|66.97|283|4.226|
|Sant Jaume de Frontanyà|21.28|28|1.316|
|Sant Julià de Cerdanyola|11.65|233|20|
|Santa Maria de Merlès|51.69|181|3.502|
|Vallcebre|28.06|260|9.266|
|Vilada|22.45|424|18.89|
|Viver i Serrateix|67.21|175|2.604|
|• Total: 31|1,186|39,986|33.72|

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Berguedà
- **settlement type**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **image map**: Berguedà a Catalunya.svg
- **mapsize**: 265px
- **map caption**: Location within Catalunya
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, Community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Berga
- **leader title1**: President
- **leader name1**: Moisès Masanas
- **area total km2**: 1,186
- **population total**: 39,986
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: 33.72
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
Sushila Karki

**Sushila Karki** (born 7 June 1952) is a Nepalese jurist, author, and politician who has been the interim Prime Minister of Nepal since 12 September 2025. She is the first woman in Nepal's history to hold the position.

## Prime Minister

After the 2025 Generation Z-led anti-corruption protests forced Prime Minister K. P. Sharma Oli to resign, an interim government was needed and Karki's name was recommended by some activists because of her political neutrality. After a poll on Discord, protester server members picked Karki out of five options. The appointment was supported by the Nepalese army. On 12 September 2025, the Federal Parliament of Nepal was dissolved and Karki was sworn in as interim Prime Minister.

## Personal life

Karki is married to Durga Prasad Subedi, a member and youth wing leader of Nepali Congress. They met while studying in Banaras Hindu University. They have at least one child.

## Other websites

- Interview with Sushila Karki, BBC Nepali Service

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: Sushila Karki
- **image**: Hon. Sushila Karki (profile).jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Nepal
- **status**: Interim
- **president**: Ram Chandra Poudel
- **preceded**: K. P. Sharma Oli
- **term start**: 12 September 2025
- **office1**: 25th Chief Justice of Nepal
- **term start1**: 11 July 2016
- **term end1**: 6 June 2017
- **appointer1**: Bidya Devi Bhandari
- **predecessor1**: Kalyan Shrestha
- **successor1**: Gopal Prasad Parajuli
- **birth place**: Biratnagar, Morang District, Eastern Development Region, Nepal, Eastern Region, Nepal
- **spouse**: Durga Prasad Subedi
- **native name lang**: ne
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **alma mater**: :en:Tribhuvan University, Tribhuvan University (BA, LLB)
:en:Banaras Hindu University, Banaras Hindu University (MA)
Eden, South Dakota

**Eden** is a town in Marshall County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 94 at the 2020 census. It was founded in 1914.
Love & Ponystep

***Love & Ponystep*** is the twenty-first studio album by American electronic musician **Vylet Pony** (Zelda Trixie Lulamoon). It was released in July 2025 by her independent record label called Horse Friends Music / 32.7 The Creek.

## Other websites

- _Love & Ponystep_ on Bandcamp
- Art Booklet
- Lyrics Booklet
- Story Booklet

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Love & Ponystep
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Vylet Pony
- **genre**: * Electronic dance music
* brostep
* electropop
* brony music
- **length**: 1:35:38
- **label**: Horse Friends Music / 32.7 The Creek
- **producer**: Vylet Pony
- **chronology**: Vylet Pony
- **prev title**: Monarch of Monsters
- **prev year**: 2024
Borredà

**Borredà** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 43.56 km² and a population of 459 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Borredà
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de Borredà.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jesús Solanellas
- **area total km2**: 43.56
- **population total**: 459
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 10.54
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08619
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08024
Capolat

**Capolat** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 34.31 km² and a population of 84 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Capolat
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Mireia Besora
- **area total km2**: 34.31
- **population total**: 84
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 2.448
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08617
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08045
Casserres

**Casserres** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 29.38 km² and a population of 1,638 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Casserres
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de Casserres.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Eduard Subirana
- **area total km2**: 29.38
- **population total**: 1,638
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 55.75
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08680, 08693
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08049
Castell de l'Areny

**Castell de l'Areny** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 24.81 km² and a population of 72 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Castell de l'Areny
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de Castell de l'Areny.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Pere Raja
- **area total km2**: 24.81
- **population total**: 72
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 2.902
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08604
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08057
L'Espunyola

**l'Espunyola** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 35.35 km² and a population of 260 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: l'Espunyola
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de l'Espunyola.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Albert Altariba
- **area total km2**: 35.35
- **population total**: 260
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 7.355
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08614
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08078
Fígols

**Fígols** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 29.67 km² and a population of 44 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Fígols
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Bandera de Fígols.svg
- **image seal**: Escut de Fígols.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Otger Calduch
- **area total km2**: 29.67
- **population total**: 44
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 1.483
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08698
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08080
Gisclareny

**Gisclareny** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 36.60 km² and a population of 27 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Gisclareny
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Bandera de Gisclareny.svg
- **image seal**: Escut de Gisclareny.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Queralt Tor
- **area total km2**: 36.60
- **population total**: 27
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 0.738
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08695
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08093
Gósol

**Gósol** is a municipality in the Province of Lleida, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 56.32 km² and a population of 232 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Gósol
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de Gósol.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Lleida
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Rafel López
- **area total km2**: 56.32
- **population total**: 232
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 4.119
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 25716
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 25100
Guardiola de Berguedà

**Guardiola de Berguedà** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 61.43 km² and a population of 927 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Guardiola de Berguedà
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Flag of Guardiola de Berguedà.svg
- **image seal**: Escut de Guardiola de Berguedà.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Ferran Sayes
- **area total km2**: 61.43
- **population total**: 927
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 15.09
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08694
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08099
Montclar

**Montclar** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 22.28 km² and a population of 136 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Montclar
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Bandera de Montclar.svg
- **image seal**: Escut de Montclar.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Raquel Sala
- **area total km2**: 22.28
- **population total**: 136
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 6.104
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08605
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08130
Montmajor

**Montmajor** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 76.03 km² and a population of 469 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Montmajor
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Bandera de Montmajor.svg
- **image seal**: Escut de Montmajor.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Josep Maria Algué
- **area total km2**: 76.03
- **population total**: 469
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 6.169
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08612
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08132
La Nou de Berguedà

**la Nou de Berguedà** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 24.87 km² and a population of 174 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: la Nou de Berguedà
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de La Nou de Berguedà.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Josep Maria Peixó
- **area total km2**: 24.87
- **population total**: 174
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 6.996
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08698
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08142
Olvan

**Olvan** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 35.41 km² and a population of 875 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Olvan
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escudo de Olván (Barcelona) 2.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Sebastià Prat
- **area total km2**: 35.41
- **population total**: 875
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 24.71
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08611
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08144
La Quar

**la Quar** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 37.74 km² and a population of 49 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: la Quar
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Bandera de la Quar.svg
- **image seal**: Escut de la Quar.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Marta Puigantell
- **area total km2**: 37.74
- **population total**: 49
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 1.298
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08606
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08177
Sagàs

**Sagàs** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 44.85 km² and a population of 151 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Sagàs
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de Sagàs.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Sílvia Triola
- **area total km2**: 44.85
- **population total**: 151
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 3.367
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08517
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08188
Saldes

**Saldes** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

It has an area of 66.97 km² and a population of 283 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Saldes
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escudo de Saldes (Barcelona).svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **subdivision type3**: Comarques of Catalonia, Comarca
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Dolors Jiménez
- **area total km2**: 66.97
- **population total**: 283
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 4.226
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08697
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08190
Johann Georg Ziesenis

**Johann Georg Ziesenis** (1716 – 4 March 1776) was a German painter who was born in Denmark-Norway. He was taught by his father and he later painted portraits of famous people like Frederick II of Prussia and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

## Life

Johann George Ziesenis was born in 1716 in Copenhagen, Denmark, which was a part of Denmark-Norway at that time. He was a pupil (or a student) of his father, Johan Jürgen Ziesenis.

In 1743, Ziesenis became a German citizen and became a court painter to the Elector George II of Hanover, and later his grandson George III, who were also Kings of Great Britain. He also worked in Berlin and Brunswick, and painted one of the first portraits of Charlotte, who married George III. Ziesenis also painted a portrait of Frederick II, the King of Prussia; it was said that this one was the only one that the Prussian King ever sat for, in 1763. It was sold later for €670,000.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Johann Georg Ziesenis
- **image**: File:1740er Jahre circa Johann Georg Ziesenis Selbstbildnis oil on canvas.jpg
- **caption**: A self-portrait painted by Ziesensis, 1743
- **birth date**: 1716
- **death date**: 4 March 1776
- **nationality**: German people, German-Danish people, Danish
- **education**: Johan Jürgen Ziesenis (father)
- **father**: Johan Jürgen Ziesenis
- **relatives**: Maria Elisabeth Ziesenis (daughter)
Margaretha Ziesenis (daughter)
Hermeto Pascoal

**Hermeto Pascoal** (June 22, 1936 – September 13, 2025) was a Brazilian composer and musician. He was born in Lagoa da Canoa, Alagoas, Brazil. Pascoal was best known for being a record producer and contributor to many Brazilian and international albums. He worked with Miles Davis for his 1971 album _Live-Evil_. Davis called Pascoal "the most impressive musician in the world".

In 2019, his album _Hermeto Pascoal e Sua Visão Original do Forró_ won the Latin Grammy Award for Best Portuguese Language Roots Album.

Pascoal died on September 13, 2025 at a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from multiple organ failure, aged 89.
Andrei Chemerkin

**Andrey Ivanovich Chemerkin** (, 17 February 1972 – 12 September 2025) was a Russian weightlifter. Chemerkin was a gold medallist at the 1996 Summer Olympics, and a bronze medalist at the 2000 Summer Olympics. He was born in Solnechnodolsk, Soviet Union.

Chemerkin died on 12 September 2025, at the age of 53.
Adriano Bernardini

**Adriano Bernardini** (13 August 1942 – 11 September 2025) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. He was a diplomat of the Holy See from the 1970s until he retired in 2017. He was Apostolic Nuncio was to Bangladesh (1992–1995) and his last to Italy (2011–2017). In 1992, he became an archbishop.

Bernardini died on 11 September 2025 in Rome, Italy at the age of 83.

## Other websites

- Archbishop Adriano Bernardini at Catholic Hierarchy

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency, The Most Reverend
- **name**: Adriano Bernardini
- **title**: Apostolic Nuncio
 Titular Archbishop of Falerii
- **image**: File:Adriano Bernardini.jpg
- **caption**: Adriano Bernardini, 2011
- **appointed**: 15 November 2011
- **retired**: 12 September 2017
- **predecessor**: Giuseppe Bertello
- **successor**: Emil Paul Tscherrig
- **other post**: Titular Archbishop of Falerii (1992–2025)
- **ordination**: 31 March 1968
- **ordained by**: Egidio Vagnozzi
- **consecration**: 15 November 1992
- **consecrated by**: Angelo Sodano, Josip Uhač, and Remigio Ragonesi
- **birth place**: Piandimeleto, Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **nationality**: Italy, Italian
- **motto**: Pax In Fortitudine
Jutta Bauer

**Jutta Bauer** (9 January 1955 – 10 September 2025) was a German children's writer and illustrator. She won the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 2010. She was born in Hamburg, Germany. She won the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis (German Youth Literature Award) in 2001 for _Schreimutter_, a picture book.

Bauer died on 10 September 2025 in Hamburg from problems caused by anaphylaxis at the age of 70.

## Other websites

- Short biography from the Berlin International Literature Festival
Antonio Bailetti

**Antonio Bailetti** (29 September 1937 – 7 September 2025) was an Italian professional road bicycle racer. He won a gold medal in the team time trial race at the 1960 Summer Olympics. In 1962, he won a stage in the Tour de France and in the Giro d'Italia, after a 120 km solo escape. He retired in 1969.

Bailetti died on 7 September 2025 in Turbigo, Italy at the age of 87.

## Infobox (cyclist)

- **name**: Antonio Bailetti
- **image**: Antonio Bailetti 1960.jpg
- **birth place**: Bosco di Nanto, Italy
- **death place**: Turbigo, Italy
- **discipline**: Road
- **role**: Rider
- **majorwins**: Olympic team time trial champion (1960)
2 stages Tour de France
2 stages Giro d'Italia