juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Monoplacophora

**Monoplacophora**  is a class of molluscs. They have a cap-like shell and live on the bottom of the sea.

They were well-known as a fossil group from the Cambrian to the Devonian. One species was dredged up from the Pacific Ocean off Mexico in 1952. It was found to be a Monoplacophoran, and given the genus of _Neopilina_.  This was one of the most remarkable modern discoveries of a 'living fossil', and a Lazarus taxon.

More than that, they are the most extreme example of the _pull of the recent_, which is a term in palaeontology. All fossil groups have a first and last appearance in the fossil record but, for living species, their last appearance is the present day. This may be very much later than their last appearance as a fossil. The discovery of the living monoplacs extended their time range by 400 million years.

The anatomy of _Neopilina_ shows "serially repeated structures" such as gills. Serial repetition of anatomical structures such as gills and muscles may have evolved once in the common ancestor of chitons and monoplacophorans. It suggests the ancient ancestor of molluscs had bilateral symmetry, and segments.
Zebra turkeyfish

The **Zebra Turkeyfish** (_Dendrochirus zebra_) is a very venomous fish. It lives in the Indian and Pacific seas. The fish has 13 venomous spines along its back, used to look after itself. The fish is slow and quiet but can be a danger. The fish rests in dark places such as under a rock or a piece of coral. They aren't affected by each other's venom. They are solitary fish that are not scared of anything, as they have no predators other than groupers.

## Other websites

- _Dendrochirus zebra_. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)
Aris Thessaloniki F.C.

**Aris Thessaloniki F.C.** is a Greek football club based in Thessaloniki. Their colors are yellow and black, and the emblem is the ancient god of war, Ares. The club is the fifth most successful Greek club, as it has won three championships and one Greek cup. Aris won the first Greek championship in 1928.

## Other websites

- Official website of Aris

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Aris Thessaloniki
- **fullname**: Aris Thessaloniki F.C.
- **founded**: 1914
- **ground**: Charilaou Stadium,
Thessaloniki, Greece
- **capacity**: 22,800
- **chairman**: Irini Karipidou
- **manager**: Akis Mantzios
- **league**: Super League Greece
- **season**: 2022-23
- **position**: 5nd
Slender loris

The **slender loris** is a nocturnal hunter. It moves slowly through trees and grips branches tightly with its opposable thumbs and toes. When it attacks prey it goes closer and then snatches it with both hands.

## Description

The slender loris is about the size of a squirrel, and has small finger nails. It has two brown eyes, and has white fur on its chest.

## Habits

The slender loris usually spends its time on trees. They like to groom and wrestle with each other.

## Food

These animals eat insects, lizards, birds, but will also eat things like slugs, flowers, shoots, young leaves, and sometimes even eggs. They would also like termites and roaches for a tasty treat.

## History

Native people thought that the slender lorises had magical powers. It is not clear how many slender lorises survive in the wild.
Panionios F.C

**Panionios** is a Greek football club. It was founded in 1890 in Smyrni, Turkey by Greek people who lived there. During the Greek-Turkish war in 1922 the Greek people left from there and they went to Greece. So, the club came to Greece to the Athenian suburb Nea Smyrni. The colours of the club are red and blue. Panionios has won two Greek cups.

## Other websites

- Official football club website

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Panionios F.C.
- **fullname**: Panionios G.S.S.
- **founded**: 1890
- **ground**: Nea Smyrni Stadium ,
Nea Smyrni, Athens, Greece
- **capacity**: 11,700
- **chairman**: Constantinos Tsakiris
- **league**: Super League Greece
- **season**: Super League Greece 2008–09, 2008/09
- **position**: Super League Greece, 8th
Dave Meltzer

**Dave Meltzer** (born in 1959) is a man who writes about professional wrestling for his magazine, and also on the Internet. Meltzer's website is called the _Wrestling Observer_. Before Meltzer, most writers wrote that professional wrestling was real, but Meltzer writes that it is not. He has also written two books called _Tributes_ and _Tributes II_.

## Related pages

- Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Dave Meltzer
- **image**: Dave Meltzer 2018.jpg
- **caption**: Meltzer in March 2018
- **birth name**: David Allen Meltzer
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **occupation**: Author, journalist, historian
- **alma mater**: San Jose State University, San Jose State
- **period**: 1971–present
- **children**: 2
Umkhonto we Sizwe

**Umkhonto we Sizwe** (), was a South African guerilla movement created in 1961 by Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu and other people from the African National Congress. It was created when the government started killing and hurting people who protested against apartheid. Mandela first wanted to free South Africa without violence, but the government created laws to prevent that. Mandela then decided that if black people did not use violence, they would never regain their rights. They carried out many attacks, including bombings. The most deadly of these was the Church Street bombing in Pretoria.

Umkhonto we Sizwe stopped being active in 1990 before the end of apartheid, in 1991.
Luca Badoer

**Luca Badoer** (born 25 January 1971) is an Italian Formula One driver. He was born in Montebelluna. He has raced for the Scuderia Italia, Minardi, Forti Corse and most recently, Ferrari teams. In addition to his racing duties, Badoer has been active as one of the test and reserve drivers for Ferrari since 1997 and in 2009 stood in for Ferrari's regular race driver Felipe Massa at the European Grand Prix and the Belgian Grand Prix, after the Brazilian was injured during qualifying for the Hungarian Grand Prix and his original replacement, Michael Schumacher, pulled out due to injury.
Romain Grosjean

**Romain Grosjean** (born April 17, 1986 in Geneva, Switzerland) is a Formula One racing driver, who holds dual nationality from France and Switzerland, but competes under a French racing licence. He was the 2007 Formula Three Euroseries drivers' champion and the inaugural GP2 Asia Series champion. He driving 2022 IndyCars Series.
Bartje

**Bartje Bartels** is the main character in a series of Dutch books written by Anne de Vries at the beginning of the 20th century.  The stories are about a boy who grows up in a poor family in the countryside in Drenthe in the north-east of the Netherlands.

The author Anne de Vries is male.  The name “Anne”, although usually a girl's name, can also be used as a boy’s name in Dutch, especially in the north where Frisian is spoken.  It is pronounced “Oa-ne”.

Bartje (pronounce: “BAR-che”) is a boy whose father is a poor farmer.  His parents expect him to become a farmer like his father, but Bartje has other ideas.  Bartje starts work as an apprentice, but then his mother dies and he has to look after his younger brothers and sisters.

## Famous quotation

The most famous quotation from the Bartje books come in the story in which the family are sitting down to a meal.  They are going to eat brown beans.  Bartje hates brown beans and pulls his empty plate away when his mother wants to give him some.  He refuses to say grace (to say a prayer to thank God for the food they are about to eat) and he says: _Ik bid nie veur bruune boon'n _ (in modern Dutch: _Ik bid niet voor bruine bonen_, meaning: _I don’t pray for brown beans_).  His parents are shocked and he gets into big trouble.

## Television series

Bartje has become a much-loved symbol for the province of Drenthe.  The stories were made into a television series which was shown in 1972 and repeated in 2004.  The film had Dutch subtitles because the actors were speaking in Drenthe dialect.

There is a statue to Bartje in the town of Assen.  Unfortunately it has been vandalized several times.
Lancaster, Lancashire

**Lancaster** is the county town of Lancashire, England. It is on the River Lune. As of the 2001 census, it had 45,952 people. The larger City of Lancaster local government district is named after Lancaster.

Lancaster Castle is well known as the site of the Pendle witch trials in 1612.

## Location

Lancaster is the most northerly city in Lancashire, three miles from Morecambe Bay. The city is on the River Lune, the Lancaster Canal, and the West Coast Main Line. It is close to the M6 motorway.

## Education

Lancaster has two universities. These are Lancaster University and The University of Cumbria.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Lancaster
- **population**: 45,952
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 Census)
- **shire district**: City of Lancaster
- **shire county**: Lancashire
- **region**: North West England
- **constituency westminster**: Lancaster and Wyre (UK Parliament constituency), Lancaster and Wyre
- **post town**: LANCASTER
- **postcode district**: LA1
- **postcode area**: LA
- **dial code**: 01524
- **os grid reference**: SD475615
- **static image**: Lancaster view.JPG
- **static image caption**: <small>A view of Lancaster showing Carlisle Bridge and the Ashton Memorial.</small>
Decatur, Wisconsin

**Decatur** is a town in Green County of the state of Wisconsin in the United States.  1,685 people were living in Decatur as of the 2020 census.  Decatur has an area of 34.4 square miles, says the United States Census Bureau.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Decatur, Wisconsin
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: WIMap-doton-Decatur.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Decatur, Wisconsin
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of the United States, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wisconsin
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wisconsin, County
- **subdivision name2**: Green County, Wisconsin, Green
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 89.1
- **area land km2**: 88.6
- **area water km2**: 0.5
- **area total sq mi**: 34.4
- **area land sq mi**: 34.2
- **area water sq mi**: 0.2
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2020, 2020
- **population total**: 1685
- **population density km2**: 19.0
- **population density sq mi**: 49.3
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 268
- **elevation ft**: 879
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 55-19075
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1583057
Strepsirrhini

The **Strepsirrhini** clade is one of the two suborders of primates, with 114 species. They are defined by their wet noses, although the Greek name means having a curved or bent nose. Madagascar's only primates (apart from humans) are strepsirrhines, although others can be found in southeast Asia.
Their eyes have a reflective layer to improve their night vision called a tapetum lucidum, and their eye sockets have a ring of bone around the eye called a post-orbital bar. Strepsirrhine primates produce their own vitamin C, whereas haplorhine primates (including humans) must get it from their diets.

The suborder contains the lemurs and lorises. The modern types probably evolved from the Adapiforms, an extinct group.

The origin of the earliest primates, from which both the strepsirrhines and haplorhines (simians and tarsiers) evolved, is a mystery.  Both their place of origin and the group from which they evolved are uncertain.

Although the fossil record of their initial radiation across the Northern Hemisphere is very detailed, the fossil record from the tropics—where primates most likely evolved—is very poor, particularly around the time that primates and other eutherian mammals were first appearing.

So, geneticists and primatologists have used genetic analyses to determine the relatedness between primate lines and when they diverged. Using this molecular clock, it seems that primates evolved more than 80–90 million years ago, nearly 40 million years before the first primates appear in the fossil record.<sup>p22</sup>

## Classification

- **Suborder Strepsirrhini**: non-tarsier prosimians
    - Infraorder Lemuriformes
        - Superfamily Lemuroidea
            - Family Cheirogaleidae: dwarf and mouse lemurs (32 species)
            - Family Daubentoniidae: Aye-aye (1 species)
            - Family Lemuridae: lemurs (22 species)
            - Family Lepilemuridae: sportive lemurs (26 species)
            - Family Indriidae: woolly lemurs and allies (19 species)
        - Superfamily Lorisoidea
            - Family Lorisidae: lorises, pottos and allies (9 species)
            - Family Galagidae: galagos (19 species)
Haplorhini

The **haplorhines**, the "dry-nosed" primates (the Greek name means "simple-nosed"), are members of the **Haplorhini** clade: the prosimian tarsiers and all of the true simians. The simians are the catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes, including humans) and the platyrrhines (New World monkeys).

## Classification

- **Suborder Haplorrhini**: tarsiers, monkeys and apes
    - Infraorder Tarsiiformes
        - Family Tarsiidae: tarsiers
    - Infraorder Simiiformes
        - Parvorder Platyrrhini: New World monkeys
            - Family Callitrichidae: marmosets and tamarins
            - Family Cebidae: capuchins and squirrel monkeys
            - Family Aotidae: night or owl monkeys (douroucoulis)
            - Family Pitheciidae: titis, sakis and uakaris
            - Family Atelidae: howler, spider and woolly monkeys
        - Parvorder Catarrhini
            - Superfamily Cercopithecoidea: Old World monkeys
                - Family Cercopithecidae
            - Superfamily Hominoidea: apes
                - Family Hylobatidae: lesser apes (gibbons)
                - Family Hominidae: great (large) apes including humans
Tisza

The **Tisza** is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It starts in Ukraine, with the White Tisza in the Chornohora and Black Tisza in the Gorgany range, and flows partially along the Romanian border.  It then enters Hungary at Tiszabecs and passes through  Hungary touching the border with Slovakia.  It then into the Danube in central Vojvodina in Serbia.  The Tisza drains an area of about 157,186 km².

Names for the river in the countries it flows through are:
- (_Tysa_);
- ();
- (_Tisa_).

## Tributaries

- Čik (near Bačko Petrovo Selo)
- Jegrička (near Žabalj)
- Begej (near Titel)
- Mureş (in Szeged)
    - Arieş (near Gura Arieşului)
    - Târnava (near Teiuş)
        - Târnava Mare (in Blaj)
        - Târnava Mică (in Blaj)
- Körös (near Csongrád)
    - Crişul Repede River (near Gyoma)
        - Barcău (in Szeghalom)
    - Crişul Alb (near Gyula)
    - Crişul Negru (near Gyula)
- Zagyva (in Szolnok)
- Sajó (in Tiszaújváros)
    - Hornád (near Miskolc)
- Bodrog (in Tokaj)
    - Ondava (near Cejkov)
    - Latorica (near Cejkov)
        - Laborec (near Oborin)
            - Uzh (near Pavlovce nad Uhom)
            - Cirocha (in Humenné)
        - Stara
        - Vicha
        - Kerepets
- Crasna (in Vásárosnamény)
- Someş (near Vásárosnamény)
    - Someşul Mic (in Dej)
        - Someşul Cald (in Gilău)
        - Someşul Rece (in Gilău)
    - Someşul Mare (in Dej)
        - Şieu (in Beclean)
            - Bistriţa (near Bistriţa)
- Tur
- Batár
- Şugătag
- Baia
- Şaroş
- Săpânţa
- Valea Hotarului
- Bicu
- Sarasău
- Valea Iepei
- Iza
    - Mara
- Vişeu

## Sources

- Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti
- Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971

## Other websites

- About Tisza
- The Living Tisza (Hungarian)

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Tisza
- **image**: Szeged-tisza3.jpg
- **image size**: 300
- **image caption**: The Tisza in Szeged, Hungary
- **map**: Tisza.png
- **map size**: 300
- **map caption**: Map of the Tisza
- **pushpin map size**: 300
- **subdivision type1**: Countries
- **subdivision type5**: Towns
- **discharge1 location**: Novi Slankamen, Serbia (near mouth)
- **source1 location**: Eastern Carpathians, Ukraine
- **mouth**: Danube
- **mouth location**: Downstream of Novi Sad, Serbia
- **tributaries left**: Someș, Körös, Mureș (river), Mureș, Bega (Tisza), Bega
- **tributaries right**: Bodrog, Sajó, Eger (Tisza), Eger, Zagyva
- **discharge2 location**: Szeged, Hungary (173.6 km upstream of mouth - Basin size:
- **discharge3 location**: Szolnok, Hungary (334.6 km upstream of mouth - Basin size:
- **discharge4 location**: Tokaj, Hungary (543.079 km upstream of mouth - Basin size:
- **discharge5 location**: Vásárosnamény, Hungary (684.45 km upstream of mouth - Basin size:
Free love

**Free love** is when people are free to have sexual relations with anyone without getting married. This has been used as early as in the 19th century. It is a social movement that rejects marriage as a form of social and financial bondage (slavery)..
Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson album)

***Breakaway*** is the second album by American singer Kelly Clarkson; it was released on November 30, 2004, by RCA Records.

The album debuted at number three on the _Billboard_ 200 for selling 250,000 copies. It has sold over 6 million copies in the United States and has been certified six times Platinum by the RIAA. _Breakaway_ received two awards at the 2006 Grammy Awards including "Best Pop Vocal Album" and "Best Female Pop Vocal Performance" for the single "Since U Been Gone".

Five singles were released from the album, "Since U Been Gone", "Behind These Hazel Eyes", "Because of You", "Walk Away", and "Breakaway".
Breakaway

**Breakaway** may refer to:

- "Breakaway" (song), a song by Kelly Clarkson
- _Breakaway_ (Kelly Clarkson album)
Rainbow Serpent

A **Rainbow Serpent** is an animal in the Dreamtime which many of the indigenous people of Australia,  the "Aboriginals", believe created the mountains, rivers and lakes. The Rainbow Serpent stories are found all across Australia, and especially in Arnhem Land, in the north of Australia. The serpent is known by different names, such as _Almudj_ and _Ngalyod_, in different Aboriginal languages. The Rainbow Serpent lives in waterholes and controls the supply of water.

Aboriginal artists have painted the Rainbow Serpent on cave walls or on pieces of bark. The earliest cave paintings found are about 8,000 years old. In special ceremonies, they sometimes honour the Rainbow Serpent by painting their handprints on the magic snake.  Scientists believe the Rainbow Serpent stories began at the end of the last ice age. The rising sea levels would have forced a lot of people to move inland. The Rainbow Serpent became a symbol of both creation and destruction, and of unity and peace. This makes the Rainbow Serpent a symbol of the world's oldest continuing religion.

## History

In the Dreamtime, the Rainbow Serpent helped the world along with rain. At the beginning of time, the Rainbow Serpent awoke from its sleep and pushed through the Earth's crust. As it travelled over the empty land, it left behind deep tracks. The Rainbow Serpent called to the frogs to come out from beneath the earth. It tickled the frogs' bellies, and when they laughed, water poured out from their open mouths. The water filled the Rainbow Serpent's deep tracks, making rivers and lakes.
Slowly, grass began to grow. Then all kind of creatures in Australia - birds, lizards, snakes, kangaroos, koalas, and dingoes - woke up and took their places on the earth.
Zakynthos

**Zakynthos** (or _Zante_) is a Greek island. It is the third largest island in the Ionian Sea. It is in the south Ionian Sea, west of the Peloponnese. Zakynthos' total population amounts to 41,472 inhabitants. The largest town of Zakynthos is Zakynthos city. Zakynthos is mostly flat island, with an area of 410 square kilometres.To the north of the island, there are low mountains and hills.

## Sights and tourism

Zakynthos is a very touristic island. Most tourists who visit the island come from Western Europe, mainly Italy and England. The most popular part of island is the southern part. The island has many beautiful beaches, the most famous including the Navagio (shipwreck) and the beach of Laganas. The Mediterranean turtle lives in and around Zakynthos. It is also called _careta careta_. This species is very rare and it is a threatened species.

## Notable people

The Greek-Italian poet Ugo Foscolo was born in Zakynthos and he wrote a sonnet for the island, titled "".
Paros

**Paros** is a Greek island which belongs in Cyclades group. It is the third largest island in the Cyclades. Its area is 195 square meter and its population is 12,853. The island has got a scheme almost circular. The most largest towns in Paros is Paroikia (or Paros city) and Naoussa.

## Sights-Architecture

The island is very touristic. Every summer many thousands tourists came to Paros. The most of them came from European countries. The island has got beautiful beaches and very beautiful villages. The main feature of the villages of Paros is its important architecture. The houses of the villages has got cubic scheme with intense white colour. The windows and the doors has got an intense colour, usually azure or blue.

## Other websites

- The website of Paros
Shawnee Park

**Shawnee Park** is a park in Louisville, Kentucky.  It was created by Frederick Law Olmsted, who made 18 of the city's 123 public parks. Along with the rest of the city's Olmsted-designed park system, Shawnee Park was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## History

Shawnee Park was first planned in 1890 to be one of the free flagship parks in Louisville's new park system. All three were found on the geographic edges of the city. In Shawnee's case, it was the western edge bordering the Ohio River. The land at the time was still mostly used for truck farms, but it was clear residential development was imminent even without the park. Shawnee was the slowest of the parks to create, as much of the land was already owned by investors who thought they could increase the sale price by holding out.

The city had to force owners to sell the properties to obtain the land for the park, and won the case in 1895. In 1896, the city started to create access to the park, another area in which Shawnee was behind the other two parks. River Park Drive was laid out in 1899, but the Broadway entrance remained unfinished until 1914.

The Olmsted firm advised the city not to build a golf course at Shawnee Park due to the "grave danger to visitors in the park and especially the children" but demand was such that the course was built anyway in 1927.

All three parks had the intended effect of spurring residential development near them. The interest was so great that developers found themselves promoting the parks rather than their own developments, as the highest prices would exist for the park perceived to be best. Dozens of subdivisions were built near Shawnee Park, and the neighborhood itself came to be called Shawnee.

Shawnee Park allowed access only to whites from 1924 to 1954, although park officials and police had a de facto policy of not allowing blacks access to the park for some years prior to that. The only park blacks were allowed access to was nearby Chickasaw Park, which many people entered by traveling through Shawnee.

### Great Lawn

Although now overshadowed by the Louisville Waterfront Park, Shawnee boasts an expansive Great Lawn which is very useful for formal gatherings.  The Great Lawn, the principal feature of the park, is enclosed by plantings and a circular drive that is lined with trees.

### Riverwalk Trail

Louisville's Riverwalk Trail, which passes through Shawnee Park, extends across Louisville's waterfront, which is an extensive, mostly flat pedestrian pathway. The one-way distance between the Belvedere and Shawnee Park is 6.2 miles.

## Other websites

- Metro Parks page
- Satellite image of Shawnee Park
Iraklis Thessaloniki FC

**Iraklis** is a Greek football club which is based in Thessaloniki. It is founded in 1908 and it is the most oldest club of Thessaloniki. Iraklis is the third most successful club of Thessaloniki after PAOK and Aris. It has won a Greek cup in 1976. He always plays in the highest professional football league of Greece unless one year. The name of club is the name of ancient Greek hero Hercules, which in Greek is said Iraklis. Its colour is the blue and white.

## Other websites

- Iraklis Thessaloniki FC - Official website

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Iraklis Thessaloniki F.C
- **fullname**: Iraklis Thessaloniki F.C
- **founded**: 1908
- **ground**: Kaftatzoglio Stadium,
Thessaloniki, Greece
- **capacity**: 28,029
- **chairman**: Antonis Remos
- **manager**: Savvas Kofides
- **league**: Super League Greece
- **season**: Super League Greece 2008–09, 2008/09
- **position**: Super League Greece, 10th
Active Worlds

**Active Worlds** (AW) is a 3D virtual reality platform. The "Active Worlds Browser" runs on Windows. Users assign themselves a user name, log into the Active Worlds virtual world universe, and explore 3D virtual worlds and environments that other users have created.  Users can chat with one another or build structures and areas from a selection of objects. AW allows users to own worlds and universes, and develop 3D content.

## Related pages

- Second Life
- IMVU
Jim Clark

**Jim** (or **Jimmy**) **Clark** OBE (4 March 1936 – 7 April 1968) was a British Formula One racing driver from Scotland.

He was the dominant driver of his era, winning two World Championships, in 1963 and 1965. At the time of his death, he had won more Grand Prix races (25) and achieved more Grand Prix pole positions (33) than any other driver. He also competed in the Indianapolis 500 five times, and won it once, in 1965.

In 2009, The Times placed Clark at the top of a list of the greatest Formula One drivers.

Clark crashed off the Hockenheimring, Baden-Wuerttemberg, West Germany during a race and died of his injuries on the way to hospital.
Emerson Fittipaldi

**Emerson Fittipaldi** (born December 12, 1946 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a highly successful Brazilian automobile racing driver. He has won championships in both Formula One, and CART. Fittipaldi won the Indianapolis 500 twice.

## Early life

Emerson Fittipaldi was born in São Paulo, Brazil. He is the younger son of prominent Italian-Brazilian motorsports journalist and radio commentator Wilson Fittipaldi Sr and his wife Józefa "Juzy" Wojciechowska, an immigrant from Saint Petersburg, Russia and of Polish and Russian descent.

## Infobox (f1 driver)

- **name**: Emerson Fittipaldi
- **image**: Emerson Fittipaldi.jpg
- **caption**: Fittipaldi in 2008
- **nationality**: Brazilian
- **birth place**: São Paulo, Brazil
- **years**: –
- **team(s)**: Team Lotus, Lotus, Team McLaren, McLaren, Fittipaldi Automotive
- **races**: 149 (144 starts)
- **championships**: 2 (, )
- **wins**: 14
- **podiums**: 35
- **points**: 281
- **poles**: 6
- **fastest laps**: 6
- **first race**: 1970 British Grand Prix
- **first win**: 1970 United States Grand Prix
- **last win**: 1975 British Grand Prix
- **last race**: 1980 United States Grand Prix
Niki Lauda

**Andreas Nikolaus** "**Niki**" **Lauda** (22 February 1949 – 20 May 2019) was an Austrian Formula One driver. He was a three-time F1 World Drivers' Champion, winning in ,  and . He was also an aviator, entrepreneur and writer. He has founded and run two airlines and was manager of the Jaguar Formula One racing team for two years. In February 2018, Toto Wolff and Niki Lauda signed a deal at Mercedes until 2020.

Lauda died after a period of ill health on 20 May 2019 in Zürich. He was 70.

Niki Lauda raced in the 1973 F1 season as a member of the British racing motors team.in 1974 he signed with the prestigious pransing horse Scuderia Ferrari team and gathered his first career F1 victory  (as well as an additional win), finishing the season in fourth place. The 1975 racing season is one of the most storid in F1 history. Through nine races, Lauda had 5 victories and more than twice as many points in the championship standings as his closest competitor. Lauda tried to get the other drivers to agree to boycott the 10th race of the season, the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring, but Lauda lost and the race went ahead. On the second lap of the German Grand Prix Lauda crashed and his car went on fire.

First Race:1971 Austrian F1 GP

Last Race: 1985 Austrian F1 GP

First Win: 1974 Spanish F1 GP

Last Win: 1995 Dutch F1 GP

## Infobox (f1 driver)

- **name**: Niki Lauda
- **image**: Anefo 933-1302 Niki Lauda 29.10.1984.jpgborder
- **caption**: Lauda in 1984
- **birth name**: Andreas Nikolaus Lauda
- **birth place**: Vienna, Austria
- **death place**: Zürich, Switzerland
- **years**: –, –
- **team(s)**: March Engineering, March, British Racing Motors, BRM, Scuderia Ferrari, Ferrari, Brabham, McLaren
- **races**: 177 (171 starts)
- **championships**: 3 (1975 Formula One season, 1975, 1977 Formula One season, 1977, 1984 Formula One season, 1984)
- **wins**: List of Formula One Grand Prix wins by Niki Lauda, 25
- **podiums**: 54
- **poles**: 24
- **fastest laps**: 24
- **points**: 420.5
- **first race**: 1971 Austrian Grand Prix
- **first win**: 1974 Spanish Grand Prix
- **last win**: 1985 Dutch Grand Prix
- **last race**: 1985 Australian Grand Prix
Antonio Ascari

**Antonio Ascari** (15 September 1888 – 26 July 1925) was an Italian Grand Prix motor racing champion.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Antonio Ascari en 1925, sur Alfa Romeo P2.jpg
- **caption**: Antonio in an Alfa Romeo P2 in 1925
- **name**: Antonio Ascari
- **birth place**: Sorgà, Bonferraro, Kingdom of Italy, Italy
- **death place**: Paris, French Third Republic, France
- **occupation**: Racing driver
- **children**: Alberto Ascari
Louis Chiron

**Louis Alexandre Chiron** (born 3 August 1899  in Monte Carlo, Monaco – died there on 22 June 1979) was a Grand Prix driver.
Ghirlandaio

**Ghirlandaio** is the surname of a family of the Renaissance Italian painters:
- Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449–1494), Michelangelo's teacher
- Davide Ghirlandaio (1452–1525), younger brother of Domenico
- Benedetto Ghirlandaio (1458–1497), younger brother of Domenico and Davide
- Ridolfo Ghirlandaio (1483–1561), son of Domenico
Pietro Perugino

**Pietro Perugino** (1446–1524) was a leading Italian painter of the Umbrian school. He developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. He was born as _Pietro Vannucci_ in Città della Pieve. Perugino also was one of Raphael's teachers.

## Related pages

- Italian Renaissance art
- List of Italian painters
Mike Hawthorn

**John Michael Hawthorn** (10 April 1929 – 22 January 1959) was a racing driver, born in Mexborough, Yorkshire, England, and educated at Ardingly College, West Sussex.

On 22 January 1959, only three months into his retirement, Hawthorn died in a car accident on the A3 Guildford bypass. He drove his modified 1958 Jaguar 3.4-litre saloon (now known as the 3.4 Mk 1) VDU 881 to London. The precise cause of the accident is unknown.

The accident occurred on a notoriously dangerous section of the road, the scene of 15 serious accidents (two fatal) in the previous two years. The road was also wet at the time. Driving at speed (one witness estimated 80 m.p.h.), Hawthorn overtook a Mercedes-Benz 300SL 'gull-wing' sports car driven by an acquaintance, the motor racing team manager Rob Walker. On entering a right-hand bend shortly after passing the Mercedes, Hawthorn clipped a 'Keep Left' bollard dividing the two carriageways, causing him to lose control..

## Infobox (le mans driver)

- **subbox**: yes
- **years**: ,  –
- **team(s)**: Jaguar Cars
Scuderia Ferrari
- **best finish**: 1st <small>()</small>
- **class wins**: 1 <small>()</small>


## Infobox (f1 driver)

- **name**: Mike Hawthorn
- **birth name**: John Michael Hawthorn
- **birth place**: Mexborough, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, UK
- **death place**: Near Onslow Village, Guildford, Surrey, England, UK
- **nationality**: British
- **years**: –
- **team(s)**: Scuderia Ferrari, Ferrari,
Vanwall,
BRM,
non-works Cooper Car Company, Cooper,
non-works Maserati in motorsport, Maserati
- **races**: 47 (45 starts)
- **championships**: 1 (1958 Formula One season, 1958)
- **wins**: 3
- **podiums**: 18
- **points**: 112  (127 )
- **poles**: 4
- **fastest laps**: 6
- **first race**: 1952 Belgian Grand Prix
- **first win**: 1953 French Grand Prix
- **last win**: 1958 French Grand Prix
- **last race**: 1958 Moroccan Grand Prix
White-tailed starfrontlet

The **white-tailed starfrontlet** (_Coeligena phalerata_) is a species of hummingbird. It is found only in Colombia. Its habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## References

- BirdLife International 2004.  Coeligena phalerata.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 10 July 2007.
Venezuelan sylph

The **Venezuelan sylph** (_Aglaiocercus berlepschi_) is a species of hummingbird.  It is restricted to a small area of north-eastern Venezuela and is classed as an endangered species by BirdLife International. It is sometimes thought to be a subspecies of the Long-tailed Sylph (A. kingi).

The male is 22 centimeters in length with the elongated outer tail-feathers accounting for 14-15 centimeters. Its color is mostly  green. The throat is blue and the outer tail-feathers are violet, becoming blue towards the tips. The female is 9.5-11 centimeters long. The tail is shorter than that of the male but still fairly long and slightly forked. Females have a blue crown and white throat, breast and belly.

The Long-tailed Sylph is almost the same in color but does not overlap in range. Males of the subspecies _caudatus_ have a mostly blue tail and no blue throat patch, while males of the subspecies _margarethae_ have green tips to the tail-feathers. Females have a rufous breast and belly.

## References

- (2007) _Species factsheet: Aglaiocercus berlepschi._  Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 16/9/2007.
- (1978) _A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela_, Princeton University Press.

## Other websites

- BirdLife Species Factsheet.
- Photograph of a Venezuelan Sylph
Thankful (Kelly Clarkson album)

***Thankful*** is the first album by American singer Kelly Clarkson, released in the United States by RCA Records on April 15, 2003. She originally had the release set for fall 2002 but got pushed back due to her busy schedule. "A Moment Like This" was the first single from the album to be released, followed by "Miss Independent", "Low", and "The Trouble with Love Is".

_Thankful_ contained two cover tracks, "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" by Aretha Franklin and "Just Missed the Train" by Danielle Brisebois. _Thankful_ has sold 2.73 million copies in the United States and was certified platinum in Canada for selling over 100,000 copies.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Thankful
- **type**: Studio album
- **artist**: Kelly Clarkson
- **border**: yes
- **recorded**: 2002–03
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **label**: Reprise Records, Reprise
- **next title**: Breakaway (Kelly Clarkson album), Breakaway
- **next year**: 2004
Christian Träsch

**Christian Träsch** (born 1 September 1987 in Ingolstadt, Bavaria) is a German former footballer.

## Career

Träsch came to the youth teams of TSV 1860 Munich in 2003. He played for their second senior team in the Regionalliga in 2006 and 2007. In 2007 he came to the second team of VfB Stuttgart, and on 3 February 2008 he played his first match in Stuttgart's Bundesliga team.

Träsch joined the German national football team for a trip to Asia in 2009 and played his first international match against the United Arab Emirates on 2 June 2009.

## Career statistics

|Club|Season|League|Cup|Continental|Other|Total|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1860 Munich II|2005–06|Regionalliga Süd|15|2|—|—|—|15|2||||
|2006–07|24|0|—|—|—|24|0||||||
|VfB Stuttgart II|2007–08|Regionalliga Süd|32|0|—|—|—|32|0||||
|2008–09|3. Liga|7|1|—|—|—|7|1|||||
|VfB Stuttgart|2007–08|Bundesliga|1|0|0|0|0|0|—|1|0||
|2008–09|19|1|0|0|5|0|—|24|1||||
|2009–10|29|3|3|0|6|1|—|38|4||||
|2010–11|34|1|3|0|8|0|—|45|1||||
|VfL Wolfsburg|2011–12|Bundesliga|33|0|1|0|—|—|34|0|||
|2012–13|17|0|4|1|—|—|21|1|||||
|2013–14|22|0|4|0|—|—|26|0|||||
|2014–15|12|0|3|0|6|0|—|21|0||||
|2015–16|29|0|1|0|8|0|—|37|0||||
|2016–17|11|0|1|0|—|2|0|14|0||||
|VfL Wolfsburg II|2014–15|Regionalliga Nord|1|1|—|—|—|1|1||||
|FC Ingolstadt 04|2017–18|2. Bundesliga|24|1|2|0|—|—|26|1|||
|2018–19|11|0|0|0|—|—|11|0|||||
|Al-Wasl|2019–20|UAE Pro League|1|0|1|0|—|—|2|0|||

## Honours

**1860 Munich**
- Under 17 Bundesliga: 2005–06

**VfL Wolfsburg**
- DFB-Pokal: 2014–15
- DFL-Supercup: 2015

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Christian Träsch
- **image**: CSKA-Wolfsburg (6).jpg
- **caption**: Träsch with VfL Wolfsburg in 2015
- **height**: 1.80 m
- **birth place**: Ingolstadt, West Germany
- **position**: Right-back, defensive midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 1992–2000
- **youthclubs1**: TV 1861 Ingolstadt
- **youthyears2**: 2000–2003
- **youthclubs2**: MTV Ingolstadt
- **youthyears3**: 2003–2006
- **youthclubs3**: TSV 1860 Munich, 1860 Munich
- **years1**: 2006–2007
- **clubs1**: TSV 1860 Munich II, 1860 Munich II
- **caps1**: 39
- **goals1**: 2
- **years2**: 2007–2008
- **clubs2**: VfB Stuttgart II
- **caps2**: 39
- **goals2**: 1
- **years3**: 2008–2011
- **clubs3**: VfB Stuttgart
- **caps3**: 83
- **goals3**: 5
- **years4**: 2011–2017
- **clubs4**: VfL Wolfsburg
- **caps4**: 124
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 2014
- **clubs5**: VfL Wolfsburg II
- **caps5**: 1
- **goals5**: 1
- **years6**: 2017–2019
- **clubs6**: FC Ingolstadt 04, FC Ingolstadt
- **caps6**: 35
- **goals6**: 1
- **years7**: 2020
- **clubs7**: Al-Wasl F.C., Al-Wasl
- **caps7**: 1
- **goals7**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 322
- **totalgoals**: 10
- **nationalyears1**: 2009–2011
- **nationalteam1**: Germany national football team, Germany
- **nationalcaps1**: 10
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Christian Gentner

**Christian Gentner** (born 14 August 1985 in Nürtingen, Baden-Württemberg) is a German footballer.

## Career

Gentner won the German Under-19 Championship with VfB Stuttgart in 2003. For the 2004-05 season he came to Stuttgart's second senior team. On 20 February 2005 he played his first Bundesliga match for Stuttgart. In the 2006-07 Bundesliga season they won the German Championship.

In summer 2007 he came to VfL Wolfsburg where he won his second German Championship in 2009. He came back to Stuttgart after the 2009-10 season.

In 2009 Gentner joined the Germany national football team for a trip to Asia and played his first international match against China PR national team on 29 May 2009.

## Other websites

- Christian Gentner on fussballdaten.de (in German)

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Christian Gentner
- **image**: Christian Gentner.jpg
- **image size**: 140px
- **birth place**: Nürtingen, West Germany
- **currentclub**: VfB Stuttgart
- **position**: Midfielder
- **clubnumber**: 20
- **youthyears1**: 1993–1997
- **youthclubs1**: TSV Beuren
- **youthyears2**: 1997–1999
- **youthclubs2**: VfL Kirchheim
- **youthyears3**: 1999–2004
- **youthclubs3**: VfB Stuttgart
- **years1**: 2004–2007
- **clubs1**: VfB Stuttgart II
- **caps1**: 30
- **goals1**: 6
- **years2**: 2004–2007
- **clubs2**: VfB Stuttgart
- **caps2**: 39
- **goals2**: 1
- **years3**: 2007–2010
- **clubs3**: VfL Wolfsburg
- **caps3**: 99
- **goals3**: 11
- **years4**: 2010–
- **clubs4**: VfB Stuttgart
- **caps4**: 46
- **goals4**: 8
- **nationalyears1**: 2005–2007
- **nationalteam1**: Germany national youth football team, Germany U20
- **nationalcaps1**: 11
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
- **nationalyears2**: 2009–2010
- **nationalteam2**: Germany national football team, Germany
- **nationalcaps2**: 3
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **pcupdate**: 11:26, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
- **ntupdate**: 17:06, 13 February 2010 (UTC)
Vector subspace

A **vector subspace** is a vector space that is a subset of another vector space. This means that all the properties of a vector space are satisfied.
Let _W_ be a non empty subset of a vector space _V_, then, _W_ is a vector subspace if and only if the next 3 conditions are satisfied:
1. **additive identity** – the element 0 is an element of _W_: 0 ∈ _W_
1. **closed under addition** – if _x_ and _y_ are elements of _W_, then _x_ + _y_ is also in _W_: _x_, _y_ ∈ _W_ implies _x_ + _y_ ∈ _W_
1. **closed under scalar multiplication** – if _c_ is an element of a field **K** and _x_ is in _W_, then _cx_ is in _W_: _c_ ∈ **K** and _x_ ∈ _W_ implies _cx_ ∈ _W_.
If  and  are subspaces of a vector space , then the sum and the direct sum of  and , denoted respectively by  and , are subspaces as well.

## Related pages

- Parallel projection
Apocalypse

An **apocalypse**  is a revelation: seeing something which has been hidden. It comes from the Greek word, _Apokálypsis_, which means "lifting of the veil", or finding out something secret. Often this secret is discovered in a dream or a vision. When used in everyday speech, it usually means “the end of the world”, based off of its religious use.

In religion, the word describes Armageddon (the end of the world). This might have come from the Greek words, _apokalupsis eschaton_, meaning all the secrets will be discovered "at the end of the æon, or age". In Christianity _The Apocalypse of John_ is the Book of Revelation, the last book of the Bible. It describes the end of the world, and the second coming of Jesus Christ.
Peter Gabriel

**Peter Brian Gabriel** (born 13 February 1950) is an English singer and songwriter. He became famous as the singer and flute player in the progressive rock group Genesis. After leaving Genesis, Gabriel went on to a successful solo career. More recently he has spent his time on producing and promoting world music and pioneering digital distribution methods for music. He has also been involved in various humanitarian efforts. Gabriel was awarded the Polar Music Prize in 2009. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010 with the group Genesis and again as a solo  artist in 2014.

## Discography

- _From Genesis to Revelation_ (1969) - with Genesis
- _Trespass_ (1970) - with Genesis
- _Nursery Cryme_ (1971) - with Genesis
- _Foxtrot_ (1972) - with Genesis
- _Selling England by the Pound_ (1973) - with Genesis
- _The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway_ (1974) - with Genesis
- _Peter Gabriel (Car)_ (1977)
- _Peter Gabriel (Scratch)_ (1978)
- _Peter Gabriel (Melt)_ (1980)
- _Peter Gabriel (Security)_ (1982)
- _Birdy_ (1985)
- _So_ (1986)
- _Passion_ (1989)
- _Us_ (1992)
- _OVO_ (2000)
- _Long Walk Home_ (2002)
- _Up_ (2002)
- _Scratch My Back_ (2010)
- _New Blood_ (2011)
- _i/o_ (2023)
- _o/i_ (2026)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Peter Gabriel
- **img**: Peter-gabriel-quadriga-rr.jpg
- **img capt**: Peter Gabriel in 2008
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Peter Brian Gabriel
- **origin**: Chobham, Surrey, England
- **instrument**: lead vocals, Vocals, keyboard instrument, keyboards, flute, drum kit, drums, piano, guitar, bass guitar, harmonica, oboe
- **genre**: Progressive rock, experimental rock, pop rock, art rock, world music
- **occupation**: Musician, record producer
- **years active**: 1967–present
- **label**: Geffen Records, Geffen (US & Canada)
Real World Records, Real World
Virgin Records, Virgin
Charisma Records, Charisma
Atlantic Records, Atlantic (US & Canada)
EMI Records, EMI (Brazil)
- **associated acts**: Genesis (band), Genesis
- **url**: [http://www.petergabriel.com petergabriel.com]
Mykonos

**Mykonos** is a very touristic Greek island. It belongs to Cyclades. It is in the north of Cyclades, near Syros and Tinos islands. The area of the island is 85 square kilometres. 9,320 people live there. Most of them work in the tourist industry. The island is famous mainly for its nightlife. Also, the island has many beautiful beaches, with yellow sand. Along the beaches there are bars and cafes, so the entertainment continues during day. The island has two main settlements. Chora, the capital of the island, is in the west and Ano Mera, the second settlement is in the center.

## Sights

Mykonos' houses have got the distinguished  Cycladic architecture. The houses have a cubic scheme, with wooden windows, and doors, painted usually with intense colours. The alleys are painted with lime, so they have a bright white colour. Mykonos is very close to the islet Delos. Delos was very important in antiquity. It was the center of Delian League, the leaders of which were ancient Athenians. In Delos there was an important sanctuary for Apollon, one of twelve Greek gods. Delos today is a very important archaeological site and the visitors go there from Mykonos. Mykonos has many old traditional windmills, which are everywhere on the island

## Other websites

- Official website of the Municipality of Mykonos
- Mykonos Travel Guide
Edward Jenner

**Edward Jenner** (17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was an English physician known for creating the vaccine for smallpox.

### Background

Vaccination was a concept that was known before Jenner.

In 1765, Dr John Fewster published a paper in the London Medical Society entitled "Cow pox and its ability to prevent smallpox", but he did not pursue the subject further.

After 1770, at least five investigators in England and Germany (Sevel, Jensen, Jesty 1774, Rendell, Plett 1791) successfully tested a cowpox vaccine in humans against smallpox. For example, Dorset farmer Benjamin Jesty successfully vaccinated and presumably induced immunity with cowpox in his wife and two children during a smallpox epidemic in 1774.

Jenner may have been aware of Jesty's procedures and success, but after Jenner's work some 20 years later the procedure became widely understood at last.

### Cowpox

It was a common observation that milkmaids were generally immune to smallpox. Jenner thought that the milkmaids were protected from smallpox because of pus in the blisters that milkmaids received from cowpox. (This was a disease similar to smallpox, but much less virulent) He may already have heard of Benjamin Jesty's success.

### First injections

On 14 May 1796, Jenner tested his hypothesis on an eight-year-old boy, the son of his gardener. He scraped pus from cowpox blisters on the hands of a milkmaid. Jenner inoculated Phipps in both arms that day, subsequently producing in Phipps a fever and some uneasiness, but no full-blown infection. Later, he injected the boy with a mild form of smallpox and he showed no sign of infection. Jenner successfully tested his hypothesis on 23 more subjects.

- > Jenner's unique contribution was not that he inoculated a few persons with cowpox, but that he then proved [by subsequent challenges] that they were immune to smallpox. Moreover, he demonstrated that the protective cowpox pus could be effectively inoculated from person to person, not just directly from cattle.