juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rhythm

**Rhythm** refers to the length of time between each major "beat", or accent, such as in a piece of music. It is the sequence of sounds and silences which make up the rhythm. The first beat of a group of regular, evenly spaced beats usually feels stronger than the others.  When we write music down, we put each group in bars (or “measures”).

Rhythms can have different patterns which can be clapped or tapped.  In Western music, these patterns are common:
- **1** 2, **1** 2
- **1** 2 3, **1** 2 3
- **1** 2 3 4, **1** 2 3 4.

A conductor will beat time.  The rhythm will fit in to this regular beat.

All musicians have to have a good sense of rhythm.  To play or sing rhythmically they must keep a steady beat in their head (if playing alone), listen to the others players (if playing in groups) or watch the conductor (if there is one).

People who are playing on their own can practise with a metronome to help them to play to a steady beat.  However, musicians also use rubato (rhythmic freedom), especially when playing music of a romantic nature.  One has to learn to let the music “breathe” in the right way.  This is not the same as playing unrhythmically (badly).  It is something one learns with experience.

Feeling the rhythm in music is basically human.  A person who has a stroke may lose language, but not the sense of rhythm.  Neurologist Oliver Sacks says that chimpanzees and other animals do not have a sense of rhythm.

## Other uses

The word _rhythm_ is used in other topics than music.  The heart usually beats rhythmically, and when it does not, that is a sign of a health problem.  Rhythms may be about much longer time periods than a bar of music.  Everything living is rhythmic relating to the 24-hour light-dark cycle on earth.  The moon has its rhythms and the tides have theirs.

Sometimes the word rhythm is used in a more general sense to mean the general flow of music or of life in general ("the rhythm of life").
Necessary

If something is **necessary**, it is very important, otherwise something will be impossible, or it will not work as it should do.  The opposite is **unnecessary**.

- To travel from Europe to America it is necessary to cross the ocean.
- A car is necessary for my work.  I can not do my work without a car.
- There is no need to do that.  It is quite unnecessary.

Something that is necessary is a **necessity**.
The "bare necessities of life" are things like food, clothes and shelter (things you need to keep alive).
Inheritance

**Inheritance** is the practice of passing on property, titles, debts, and duties when someone dies. Those things usually go to family members. People have had laws about inheritance for thousands of years. The question is often settled in a will.

If only sons and other male family members get the inheritance, it is called patrilineal inheritance. If only daughters and other female family members get the inheritance, it is called matrilineal succession. In some cases inheritance depends on legitimacy.

Cultural inheritance is called legacy. Genetic inheritance is called heredity. A kingdom may be inherited, and the person who is expected to inherit is called the heir apparent.

The person who gets the property and other things when someone dies is called the heir (male) or heiress (female).

**Inheritance tax** is a tax paid by a person who inherits money or property of someone who has died.
Consonant

A **consonant** is a speech sound in which the air is at least partly blocked or any letter which represents this. Consonants may come singly (by themselves) or in clusters (two or more together), but must be connected to a vowel to form a syllable. All the letters of the English alphabet are both consonants and vowels.

Notice that the consonant (C) and vowel (V) notation does not match the letters of English spelling in a one-to-one relationship (e.g. 'th' is one sound), but rather individual sounds.

Words with single consonants include:
- _Go_ (CV), which has one consonant and one vowel in that order
- _On_ (VC), which has one vowel and one consonant in that order
- _Ton_ (CVC), which has a consonant, a vowel, and another consonant in that order

Words with consonant clusters include:
- _Pro_ (CCV), which has two consonants in-a-row and one vowel afterwards
- _Old_ (VCC), which has one vowel and two consonants in-a-row afterwards
- _Spree_ (CCCV), which has three consonants in-a-row and one vowel afterwards, and finally one consonant
- _Arcs_ (VCCC), which has one vowel and three consonants in-a-row afterwards
- _Strengths_ (CCCVCCCC), which has three consonants in-a-row, one vowel afterwards, and finally four consonants in a row

Consonants have friction when they are spoken, mostly using the position of the tongue against the lips, teeth and roof of the mouth. _b_ and _p_ are _plosives_, using the lips to produce a tiny sharp sound. Phonetics texts give more details, with diagrams. Consonants may be voiced or unvoiced. The th in _the_ is voiced, but in _breath_ is not.

- There are 21 consonant letters in English, for 24 consonant sounds in most English accents.<sup>p242</sup> Because of the history of the English language, there is no neat one-to-one relationship between letter and sound. _th_ and _ch_ each stand for a single sound, and _x_ in _fox_ stands for two sounds (_ks_). All these letters are consonants:
- B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y and Z (and sometimes A, E, I, O and U). W and Y are often used as consonants, but they are sometimes used as vowels. For example, in the word _yellow_, Y is a consonant, but in the word _happy_, it is a vowel.

- The rest of the letters of the alphabet are called vowels. Vowels are undertone, for there are about 20 vowel sounds in most English accents.<sup>p237</sup> The vowels are:
- A, E, I, O and U (and sometimes W and Y)
F.C. United of Manchester

**FC United** are an English football team. They are from Manchester and were formed in 2005 by fans when Malcolm Glazer bought Manchester United.

FC United of Manchester play their home matches at Broadhurst Park, Moston, Manchester. They play in the National League North. They have a First team, Reserve team, Under-18s team, and Women's team.

## Other websites

- FC United of Manchester official website

## Infobox (football club)

- **fullname**: Football Club United of Manchester
- **nickname**: F.C. United,
FCUM, Red Rebels
- **founded**: 2005
- **ground**: Broadhurst Park
Manchester, Greater Manchester
England
- **capacity**: 4,400
- **chairman**: Andy Walsh
- **manager**: Karl Marginson
- **league**: National League North
- **season**: 2014–15 Northern Premier League, 2014–15
- **position**: 2014–15 Northern Premier League#League table, NPL Premier Division, 1st (promoted)
- **website**: http://www.fc-utd.co.uk/
- **kit alt1**: A red shirt with a white collar, white shorts and black socks.
- **pattern la1**: _whiteborder
- **pattern b1**: _fc united 2011–13
- **pattern ra1**: _whiteborder
- **leftarm1**: c80000
- **body1**: c80000
- **rightarm1**: c80000
- **shorts1**: fff
- **socks1**: 000
- **kit alt2**: A white shirt with red diagonal sash, white shorts and white socks.
- **pattern la2**: _redborder
- **pattern b2**: _FC_United_away_2012–14
- **pattern ra2**: _redborder
- **leftarm2**: fff
- **rightarm2**: fff
- **shorts2**: fff
- **socks2**: fff
- **current**: 2012–13 Northern Premier League
Metronome

A **metronome** is a small device that can be used by people who are practising instruments to help them to play in time. It is also something a composer can use to show the performer what speed to play.

A traditional metronome works by clockwork. It has a pendulum which makes a loud tick as it goes to and fro, like the pendulum of a grandfather clock. It has to be wound up after a few minutes of ticking. There is a weight on the pendulum which can be slid up or down and set to a particular speed. There are numbers on the metronome to which you can set it. These numbers mean the number of ticks per minutes. A speed of 60 will make it tick 60 times a minute (i.e. every second). The numbers usually go from 40 (slow) to 208 (very fast). Nowadays many people use electronic metronomes. These are very accurate, do not need to be wound and often have other helpful things like an A to tune to (see musical tuning). Some of them are hardly bigger than a credit card.

The metronome was invented by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel in Amsterdam in 1812. A man called Johann Maelzel copied Winkel’s ideas and improved them. He made a small, portable metronome which was patented in 1816.

The metronome made it possible for a composer to show the performer what speed he wanted. If the composer writes at the top of his music: Crotchet (quarter note) = 76, for example, then the metronome can be set at 76 and it will tick at the right speed for that piece of music. Sometimes they write "MM76". The "MM" stands for "Maelzel's Metronome". Beethoven was the first composer to use metronome markings, but he often gave very fast speed indications, and some people wonder whether he made mistakes or whether his metronome worked properly.

## Related pages

- Beat (music)
- Rhythm
Lübeck

**Lübeck** (, _Lübeek_; adjective: _lübsch_, _lübisch_, at the latest since the 19th century also _Lübeck_, ) is a city in the North of Germany, in the state of Schleswig-Holstein.
About 210,000 people live there. There is a university there.

The city's full name is _Hansestadt Lübeck_ (Hanseatic city of Lubeck) in memory of its history. It was an important part in the Hanseatic League. The architecture of the city and the region as well is influenced by this historic period. As the _Free City of Lübeck_, the city was a state of the Weimar Republic. Other Hanseatic cities today are: Hamburg, Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Bremen, Greifswald and Demmin.

The most famous citizen is the author Günter Grass. He won the Nobel Prize in literature.

Luebeck has an oceanic climate (_Cfb_ in the Koeppen climate classification).

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Hanseatic City of Lübeck
- **german name**: Hansestadt Lübeck
- **type**: City
- **image photo**: Holstentor in Lübeck 2015.jpg
- **image caption**: Holstentor, emblem of the city
- **image coa**: DEU Luebeck COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge der Hansestadt Lübeck.svg
- **state**: Schleswig-Holstein
- **district**: Urban districts of Germany
- **elevation**: 13
- **area**: 214.13
- **population**: 218523
- **stand**: 2015-12-31
- **postal code**: 23501−23570
- **area code**: 0451, 04502
- **licence**: HL <small>(1906–1937; since 1956)</small>
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 01 0 03 000
- **divisions**: 35 _Stadtbezirke_
- **mayor**: Bernd Saxe
- **party**: SPD
- **ruling party1**: CDU


## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **name**: Hanseatic City of Lübeck
- **image**: Aerial image of Lübeck (view from the southwest).jpg
- **imagecaption**: Aerial view of the old town
- **criteria**: Cultural: iv
- **id**: 272
- **year**: 1987
- **area**: 81.1 ha
- **buffer zone**: 693.8 ha
Weimar

**Weimar** is a city in the middle of Germany, in the state of Thuringia. About 60,000 people live there. It has a university.

Most famous citizens in the past were the German poets Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller.

The city is well known for the Weimar Republic. It was founded in Weimar in 1919.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image coa**: DEU Weimar COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Weimar.svg
- **image photo**: Weimar - Blick zu Herderkirche & Stadtschloss.jpg
- **image caption**: View of Weimar
- **state**: Thuringia
- **district**: Kreisfreie Stadt
- **elevation**: 208
- **area**: 84.420
- **population**: 64720
- **stand**: 2007-12-31
- **postal code**: 99401–99441
- **area code**: 03643, 036453
- **licence**: WE
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 16 0 55 000
- **divisions**: 12 districts
- **mayor**: Peter Kleine
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
Augsburg

**Augsburg** ( ,  , ; ) is a city in the South of Germany, in the state of Bavaria. It has about 272,000 inhabitants and a university. It was founded in the Roman age. In the time of Renaissance (after the Middle Ages) a family of bankers, the Fuggers, became very rich and powerful in Augsburg.

The Protestant Augsburg Confession was made in 1530.

In 1555, a peace agreement called The Peace of Augsburg between Catholics and Protestants was signed in Augsburg.

Augsburg has a humid continental climate (_Dfb_ in the Köppen climate classification).

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: City
- **image flag**: DEU Augsburg Flag.svg
- **image coa**: DEU Augsburg COA 1811.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Swabia (Bavaria), Swabia
- **district**: Kreisfreie Stadt
- **elevation**: 494
- **area**: 146.84
- **pop metro**: 885000
- **postal code**: 86150–86199
- **area code**: 0821
- **licence**: A
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 7 61 000
- **mayor**: Eva Weber
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeisterin
- **party**: CSU
Münster

**Münster** (Münster dialect: _Mönster_, Dutch: _Munster_, Frisian: _Múnster_, , () is the historical capital of Westphalia and belongs now to the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

About 308,000 people live there. There is an airport and a university.

Münster was very powerful in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The Westphalian Peace was signed in Münster.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Münster
- **art**: City
- **image photo**: MuensterPanorama2856alt.jpg
- **image caption**: Panorama of Münster
- **wappen**: DEU Münster COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge der kreisfreien Stadt Münster (Westfalen).svg
- **bundesland**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **regierungsbezirk**: Münster Government Region, Münster
- **kreis**: urban
- **höhe**: 60
- **fläche**: 302.89
- **einwohner**: 272106
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **plz**: 48143-48167
- **vorwahl**: 0251
<small> 02501 (Hiltrup, Amelsbüren)
 02506 (Wolbeck, Angelmodde)
 02533 (Nienberge)
 02534 (Roxel)
 02536 (Albachten)</small>
- **kfz**: MS
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 5 15 000
- **gliederung**: 6 _Stadtbezirke_
- **bürgermeister**: Tilman Fuchs
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **partei**: Alliance 90/The Greens
- **ruling party1**: Alliance 90/The Greens
- **year**: 793
Military–industrial complex

The **military–industrial complex** refers to the relationship between the government, the military, and the businesses that make things for the military. For example, the businesses can give money to politicians in elections.  Then, politicians give more money to the military.  Then, the military buys things from the businesses.  Each group gains something, so they try to keep doing the same thing.

The term was invented in the United States.  However, most countries have politicians and soldiers and people who make weapons and other military supplies; thus they have a military-industrial complex.

When there is a military-industrial complex, problems can happen.  The government can become corrupt.  A business might want the country to be at war because they make more money during war than during times of peace.

## Where the term came from

President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower used the term in his farewell speech—the last speech he gave while he was the President.  He said, "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex."  This was a warning.  It means that people should be careful or the military-industrial complex will get too much power.

Today, the term is used a lot by people writing and talking about politics.  Especially when the subject is militarism in the United States.  It also appears in discussions about private military companies—businesses that commonly employ soldiers who have left the military.

## Related pages

- Constitutionalism
- Constitutional economics
- Rule according to higher law
- Roerich Pact
- Lockheed Martin
- Prison–industrial complex
Organization

**Organization** (British English: **Organisation**) is the idea of putting things together in a logical order. The verb is "to organize".

An organization is a group of people who work together. Organizations exist because people working together can achieve more than a person working alone.

To make sure people work together, organizations usually have leaders.

## Related pages

- Business
- Charitable organization
- International organization
- NGO
Heidelberg

**Heidelberg** () is a city by the Neckar river in the south-west of Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg.

It has about 150,000 inhabitants. It has a well-known university. The old town and the castle of Heidelberg are well-known tourist attractions of Germany.

Heidelberg has an oceanic climate (_Cfb_ in the Köppen climate classification).

## Other websites

- Site of Heidelberg
- Heidelberg image gallery

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: City
- **image photo**: Heidelberg 20030918.jpg
- **image caption**: Heidelberg Castle and the "Old Bridge"
- **wappen**: Wappen Heidelberg.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Heidelberg.svg
- **bundesland**: Baden-Württemberg
- **regierungsbezirk**: Karlsruhe
- **landkreis**: Stadtkreis
- **höhe**: 114
- **fläche**: 108.83
- **einwohner**: 150335
- **stand**: 2012-12-31
- **plz**: 69115 – 69126
- **vorwahl**: +49 6221
- **kfz**: HD
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 2 21 000
- **bürgermeister**: Eckart Würzner
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **partei**: Parteilos
Göttingen

**Göttingen** is a city in Germany.
It is in the state of Lower Saxony.
Göttingen is known worldwide for its university.

## Location

Göttingen is on the Leine river.
The city is in the valley of the Leine river.
There are mountains to the west and east of Göttingen.

Göttingen is near a center of Germany.
There are many methods to calculate the center of a country.
Göttingen is about  west-south-west of the center of Germany.
This center’s location is calculated by the 3D-model of Germany.

## People

There live about 130,000 people in Göttingen.
There are about 30,000 university students.
The university and its hospital are a big employer.
Because of this, almost one third of people in Göttingen are there because of the university.

In Germany people must be allowed to stay.
In 2020, 29.2% of the people allowed to live in Göttingen had a migration background.

### Sights

The most known sight is a water spring.
The spring has a bronze statue.
The statue is a girl.
She carries three geese.
The sight is called .
It is located on a square.
The square is in front of the old city hall.

### Places of worship

There are many places of worship.
There are many churches.
There are also synagogues.

### Traffic

Göttingen is next to the autobahn number 7.
Göttingen has a train station.
Many high-speed trains stop at the train station.

Today, there is no airport.
During Nazi Germany there was an airport.
The airport was for small planes.

Many people use a bicycle.
There are many bicycle paths.
On some streets bicycles have priority.

## Sources

</references>

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: City
- **name**: Göttingen
- **image coa**: DEU Goettingen COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Goettingen.svg
- **image plan**: Göttingen in GÖ-2016.svg
- **state**: Niedersachsen
- **district**: Göttingen
- **elevation**: 150
- **area**: 116.89
- **population**: 134212
- **stand**: 2016-12-31
- **postal code**: 37001–37085
- **area code**: 0551
- **licence**: GÖ
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03159016
- **divisions**: 18 districts
- **mayor**: Petra Broistedt
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeisterin
- **party**: SPD
- **image photo**: Goettingen Marktplatz Oct06 Antilived.jpg
- **image caption**: Gänseliesel fountain and pedestrian zone
- **year of first mention**: 953
Trevor Hemmings

**Trevor James Hemmings** CVO (11 June 1935 – 11 October 2021) was a British billionaire businessman.  He lived in the Isle of Man.

Hemmings owned several race horses and the holiday company Pontins. He also owned Littlewoods, Blackpool Tower and had a £150 million stake in Scottish and Newcastle.

One of Hemmings' horses, "Hedgehunter", won the 2005 Grand National at Aintree.

Hemmings died on 11 October 2021, at the age of 86.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Trevor Hemmings CVO
- **caption**: Trevor Hemmings at a horce race in 2012
- **birth name**: Trevor James Hemmings
- **birth place**: London, England
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **occupation**: Businessman
Karlsruhe

**Karlsruhe** (South Franconian: _Kallsruh_, Alemannic German: _Karlsrueh_ or _Chaarlsruei_) is a city in the south-west of Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg.

As of 2016, Karlsruhe has about 308,000 people.

The city lies on the eastern shore of the Rhine River and has a technical university, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.

France is close by, on the other side of the Rhine River, a few kilometers to the south.

Karlsruhe is the seat of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court of Germany).

The city was the capital of the former _Grand Duchy of Baden_.

## Other websites

- Karlsruhe.de
- Stadtwiki Karlsruhe

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: City
- **image photo**: Aerial image of the Karlsruhe Schlossgarten (view from the south).jpg
- **image caption**: The town centre of the city of Karlsruhe (Germany) photographed from an aeroplane. It is easy to recognize the historic layout of the town: The streets head away from the Karlsruhe Palace, palace like the rays of the sun.
- **wappen**: DEU Karlsruhe COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Karlsruhe.svg
- **bundesland**: Baden-Württemberg
- **regierungsbezirk**: Karlsruhe
- **landkreis**: Urban districts of Germany, Urban district
- **höhe**: 115
- **fläche**: 173.46
- **einwohner**: 296033
- **stand**: 2012-12-31
- **plz**: 76131 – 76229
- **vorwahl**: 0721
- **kfz**: KA
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 2 12 000
- **gliederung**: 27 Quarter (country subdivision), quarters
- **bürgermeister**: Frank Mentrup
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **partei**: SPD
- **year**: 1715
Wuppertal

**Wuppertal** is a city in the west of Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is next to Düsseldorf.

Wuppertal has about 360,000 inhabitants. It has a university.

A well-known tourist attraction is the Wuppertal Schwebebahn, a tram hanging about  above ground.

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: City
- **image photo**: Wuppertal elberfeld klein p.jpg
- **image caption**: Wuppertal Elberfeld
- **wappen**: DEU Wuppertal COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Wuppertal.svg
- **bundesland**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **regierungsbezirk**: Düsseldorf Government Region, Düsseldorf
- **kreis**: List of German urban districts, urban district
- **höhe**: 100-350
- **fläche**: 168.41
- **einwohner**: 358330
- **stand**: 2005-12-31
- **plz**: 42001-42399
- **vorwahl**: 0202
- **kfz**: W
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 1 24 000
- **bürgermeister**: Miriam Scherff
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeisterin
- **leader term**: 2020–30
- **party**: SPD
- **ruling party1**: SPD
- **ruling party2**: CDU
Bielefeld

**Bielefeld** (; ) is a city in northwest Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Bielefeld has about 327,000 people living there. It has a university.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Bielefeld is twinned with:
- Concarneau, France
- Enniskillen, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Estelí, Nicaragua
- Nahariya, Israel
- Rochdale, England, United Kingdom
- Rzeszów, Poland
- Veliky Novgorod, Russia

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Bielefeld
- **image photo**: Bielefeld Altes Rathaus.jpg
- **image caption**: Old Townhall
- **art**: City
- **wappen**: DEU Bielefeld COA.svg
- **image flag**: Hissflagge Bielefeld.svg
- **lageplan**: Hauptsatzung der Stadt Bielefeld Anlage 1.png
- **lageplanbeschreibung**: Districts of Bielefeld
- **bundesland**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **regierungsbezirk**: Detmold Government Region, Detmold
- **landkreis**: urban
- **höhe**: 118
- **fläche**: 257.8
- **einwohner**: 325846
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **plz**: 33501-33739
- **vorwahl**: 0521, 05202-05209
- **kfz**: BI
- **gliederung**: 10 districts
- **bürgermeister**: Christiana Bauer
- **leader term**: 2025–30
- **party**: CDU
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 7 11 000
- **year**: 1214
Utrecht (city)

**Utrecht** is a municipality in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the Province of Utrecht and lies in the midst of both the country and the province. About 358,000 were living there in 2020, which makes Utrecht the fourth-largest city in the Netherlands.

Utrecht is an important public transport junction, especially concerning the railways. It contains the largest university of the Netherlands called Utrecht University.

One of the main sights is the Domkerk, a cathedral that was built between 1321 and 1382. In of a storm in 1674, part of the cathedral was destroyed. This part was never rebuilt, so now the tower is separate from the rest of the church.

Utrecht is the main seat of the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands, the archbishop resides here.

## Other websites

- Municipality of Utrecht
- Tourist information 
- FC Utrecht
- Cathedral

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Utrecht
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Neude_met_Domtoren.JPG
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Utrecht
- **image flag**: Flag of Utrecht city.svg
- **image seal**: Utrecht gemeente wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Sharon Dijksma
- **area total km2**: 93.83
- **population total**: 256,393
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 2,733
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 3450–3455, 3500–3585
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 030
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 0344
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Groningen (city)

**Groningen** is a municipality in the north of the Netherlands. It is the capital of the province of Groningen. It has about 233,000 inhabitants (2021) and a university, called the University of Groningen.

Since 2019, Haren and Ten Boer have been part of the municipality of Groningen.

Culture: Museums are in the city, such as Groninger Museum (picture).

## Well-known people

- Pete Hoekstra (born 1953), former U.S. ambassador to the Netherlands

## Other websites

- Official website
- Map and photos of Groningen
- Groningen Museum

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Groningen
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Stadsschouwburg Groningen.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Groningen City Theater
- **image flag**: Flag of Groningen City.svg
- **image seal**: Groningen stad wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Koen Frank Schuiling
- **area total km2**: 185.6
- **population total**: 200,402
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 1,080
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 9700–9756, 9790–9798
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 050
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:NL, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Eindhoven

**Eindhoven** is a municipality in the south of the Netherlands. It is in the Noord-Brabant province. It has about 236,000 inhabitants (2021) and a well-known football team called P.S.V. Eindhoven.

## Other websites

- The official international site of the city of Eindhoven
- The city of Eindhoven on the Internet
- InternetGemeentegids Eindhoven over 1450 links
- Photo history: Eindhoven in the 20th century
- Eindhoven-in-Beeld
- Regional Historical Centre RHC-eindhoven
- The Van Abbe Museum of Modern Art
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- Eindhoven-eertijds.tk
- The City Stage
- The Concert Hall

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Eindhoven
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Centrum Eindhoven.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Eindhoven
- **image flag**: Flag of Eindhoven.svg
- **image seal**: Eindhoven wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: top
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jeroen Dijsselbloem
- **area total km2**: 87.66
- **population total**: 203,391
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 2,320
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 5611–5617, 5621–5629, 5631–5633, 5641–5647, 5651–5658
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 0772
Nijmegen

**Nijmegen** is a city in Gelderland in the east of the Netherlands. It has about 177,000 inhabitants (2021) and a university, called Radboud University Nijmegen.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Nijmegen
- **settlement type**: Cities of the Netherlands, City and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality
- **other name**: Nimeguen
- **image skyline**: Nijmegen Panorama Wolken met water en eiland 2016.jpg
- **image caption**: Nijmegen city view from the north west
- **image flag**: Flag of Nijmegen.svg
- **flag size**: 100x67px
- **image shield**: Coat of arms of Nijmegen.svg
- **shield size**: 100x80px
- **image map**: Map - NL - Municipality code 0268 (2009).svg
- **map alt**: Highlighted position of Nijmegen in a municipal map of Gelderland
- **map caption**: Location in Gelderland
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Netherlands
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: Gelderland
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 98, as Novio Magus
- **founder**: Trajan
- **governing body**: Municipal council (Netherlands), Municipal council
- **leader party**: Christian Democratic Appeal, CDA
- **leader title**: Burgemeester, Mayor
- **leader name**: Hubert Bruls
- **total type**: Municipality
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **elevation m**: 29
- **elevation max m**: 88
- **elevation min m**: 7
- **population as of**: Municipality,  ; Urban and Metro,
- **population demonym**: Nijmegenaar
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in the Netherlands, Postcode
- **postal code**: 6500–6547, 6679, 6683
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in the Netherlands, Area code
- **area code**: 024, 0481
Apeldoorn

**Apeldoorn** is a city in Gelderland in the Netherlands. It has about 160,000 inhabitants. The Het Loo Palace is in Apeldoorn. This was summer home of the Dutch Royal family.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Apeldoorn
- **settlement type**: Cities of the Netherlands, City and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Apeldoorn Raadhuis.JPG
- **image caption**: Former town hall in 2012
- **image flag**: Apeldoorn vlag.svg
- **flag size**: 100x67px
- **image shield**: Coat of arms of Apeldoorn.svg
- **shield size**: 100x80px
- **image map**: Map - NL - Municipality code 0200 (2009).svg
- **map alt**: Highlighted position of Apeldoorn in a municipal map of Gelderland
- **map caption**: Location in Gelderland
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Netherlands
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: Gelderland
- **governing body**: Municipal council (Netherlands), Municipal council
- **leader party**: Christian Democratic Appeal, CDA
- **leader title**: Burgemeester, Mayor
- **leader name**: John Berends
- **total type**: Municipality
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **elevation m**: 16
- **population as of**: Municipality,  ; Urban and Metro,
- **population demonym**: Apeldoornaar, Apeldoorner, Apeldorenaar
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in the Netherlands, Postcode
- **postal code**: 3888, 7300–7381
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in the Netherlands, Area code
- **area code**: 055, 0577
Tilburg

**Tilburg** is a city in the south of the Netherlands. About 222,000 people live there (2021).

Tilburg is famous for its Schrobbeler, an alcoholic drink.

Tilburg University is in Tilburg.

## Other websites

- Gemeente Tilburg
- Historie Tilburg
- Tilburgnet
- Kaart van Tilburg
- Carnaval Tilburg
Zwolle, Netherlands

**Zwolle** is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 130,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies where the Vecht river flows into the IJssel river, on the eastern side of last one.

It lies also in the regions of Salland and IJsselvallei, and is the capital of Overijssel province.

Zwolle got city rights in 1230 and joined the Hanseatic League in 1294.

## References

- Plaatsengids.nl

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Zwolle
- **settlement type**: Municipality, city
- **image skyline**: Zwolle Altstadt 1.jpg
- **image flag**: Flag of Zwolle.svg
- **image shield**: Zwolle wapen HRvA.svg
- **image map**: Map - NL - Municipality code 0193 (2009).svg
- **map caption**: Location
- **image map1**: Gem-Zwolle-OpenTopo.jpg
- **map caption1**: Map
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Netherlands
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: Overijssel
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: IJsselvallei, Salland
- **established title**: Established
- **elevation m**: 4
Haiphong

**Haiphong** is a city in the north of Vietnam.
It has about 400,000 inhabitants and a marine harbor.
About 1,700,000 people live in the district of Haiphong.
Haiphong is 120 km away from Hanoi, Vietnam's capital, around 60 km away from Ha Long Bay, a popular tourist site, and very close to Cat Ba Island.

Haiphong is Vietnam's third most populated city, with only Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City having more people. It is one of six municipalities of Vietnam, meaning it is a city with the same status as a province.

Haiphong Port is the busiest seaport in northern Vietnam. The city has an international airport, Cat Bi Airport, which was used as an airbase for the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War.

## Infobox (chinese)

- **vie**: Hải Phòng
- **hn**: 海防
Oldenburg (city)

**Oldenburg** (Low Saxon: _Ollnborg_, Low Saxon spelling: _Ollenborg_) is a city in the north of Germany, in the state of Lower Saxony. It was formerly the capital of the old Grand Duchy of Oldenburg.

It has about 160,000 inhabitants. It has a university.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: city
- **image coa**: DEU Oldenburg COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge der kreisfreien Stadt Oldenburg.svg
- **image photo**: Luftaufnahmen Nordseekueste 2013 05 by-RaBoe tele 46.jpg
- **image caption**: City centre of Oldenburg including St Lamberti Church
- **state**: Niedersachsen
- **district**: Kreisfreie Stadt
- **elevation**: 4
- **area**: 102.96
- **population**: 160907
- **stand**: 2014-12-31
- **postal code**: 26001–26135
- **area code**: 0441
- **licence**: OL
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 4 03 000
- **divisions**: 33 boroughs, separated into nine census tracts
- **mayor**: Jürgen Krogmann (since 2014)
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **party**: SPD
Braunschweig

**Braunschweig** () is a city in the north of Germany, in the state of Lower Saxony.
It was probably founded in the 9th century. About 245,000 people live there. It has a technical university, the TU Braunschweig.

and it was the capital of the Duchy of Brunswick

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: City
- **name**: Braunschweig
<small>Brunswick</small>
- **image photo**: Braunschweig Kohlmarkt.jpg
- **image caption**: Kohlmarkt
- **image coa**: DEU Braunschweig COA.svg
- **image flag**: DEU Braunschweig Flag.svg
- **image plan**: Lower Saxony BS.svg
- **state**: Lower Saxony
- **district**: Kreisfreie Stadt
- **elevation**: 75
- **area**: 192.13
- **population**: 250556
- **stand**: 2011-12-31
- **pop metro**: 1150000
- **postal code**: 38100–38126
- **area code**: 0531, 05307, 05309
- **licence**: BS
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 1 01 000
- **divisions**: 19 boroughs
- **mayor**: Ulrich Markurth
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **party**: SPD
- **year**: 9th century
Kos

**Kos** is a Greek island, belonging to the Dodecanese island group in the Aegean Sea.

About 30,000 people live on Kos, 16,000 of them in the island capital Kos City in the west of the island.
There is an international airport near Antimachia in the middle of the island and a sea harbour in Kos City.
Kos Island's main industry is tourism. About 300,000 tourists take rooms on Kos every year and a lot of tourists take a one-day trip to Kos from neighboring islands or the Turkish coast. 17 km overseas lies Bodrum, Turkey.

People have lived on Kos since the 15th century BC, maybe longer.
Until the 4th century BC the capital of the island was in the west of it, near Kefalos. After an earthquake it moved to Kos City.
Later the Hellenics, then the Romans and the Byzantines got the island.
The Knights of St. John built great forts on Kos, in Kos City and near Antimachia.
The Turkish took over Kos in 1523.
From 1912 to 1943 the Dodecanese islands belonged to Italy, from 1943 to 1945 to the Germans, and from 1945 to 1946, the British ruled them. Since 1946, they belong to Greece.

The most important tourist attraction is the Askelepsion, an old temple for the Greek god Askelapsios. It was built between the 5th and the 1st century BC.
The physician Hippocrates was from Kos.

## Other websites

- Kos Island Official Travel Guide
- photographs castle on Kos.
Rhodes

**Rhodes** is a Greek island, belonging to the Dodecanese island group. In Greek it is called _Rhodos_.

The largest cities are Rhodes City in the north and Lindos in the south-east.
About 125,000 people live on Rhodes. It has an international airport in Paradisi in the north, near to Rhodes (city).

First settlement were on Rhodes at the 16th century before Christ.
Rhodes was an important Fort for the Knights of St. John in their war against the Turkish invasion. In 1644 the Turkish occupied Rhodes.

1912 Italy won the Dodecanese from Turkey, 1943 Germany took them over, 1945 the British. Since 1946 the islands have belonged to Greece.

Rhodes lives mostly on the tourism industry now.

## History

During antiquity, Rhodes was an ancient Greek state. Rhodes' people belonged to the Greek race of Dorians. In those days there were three important towns in the island - Lindos, Kameiros and Ialysos. Later, during the fourth century B.C., Rhodes city was founded. Between the third and first century B.C. Rhodes was a powerful state.

In the first century, Rhodes was conquered by the Romans. Later it came under Byzantine rule. In the Middle Ages, it was conquered by the Knights of St. John, who were crusaders. They built the big castles in the city of Rhodes. Later, it came under Turkish rule, Italian rule and in the year 1946 was united with Greece.
Tenerife

**Tenerife** is one of the seven Canary Islands. It is part of the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the capital of the province being on the island. The other province in the Canary Islands is Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. With 899.833 inhabitants, Tenerife is the most populated island of the Canary Islands and the second most populated island of Spain (after Mallorca).

The flag adopted by the island is that of a white St Andrew's cross on a navy blue background this is due to St Andrew being the patron saint of the island.

Geologically it grew up from a volcano, the Teide. This volcano has had many violent eruptions over its very long history, the most recent of those eruptions took place in 1909.
Island capital is Santa Cruz de Tenerife, other important cities are Puerto de la Cruz, La Orotava, Arona, Adeje and San Cristóbal de La Laguna, all in the north of the island. Also important town of Candelaria, where they worship the patron saint of the Canary Islands, the Virgin of Candelaria.

The island is currently dependent on the tourism industry for much of its income.

Tenerife has two international airports, one in the south near the centres of tourism in Playa de Las Americas, Costa Adeje and Los Cristianos, and one in the north near Santa Cruz, which is where the world's worst plane disaster happened on March 27, 1977. Two Boeing 747 planes collided on the runway and killed 582

The biggest tourist attractions are the volcano Teide (top is more than 3,000 m above sea level) and the Loro Parque in Puerto de la Cruz.
Mallorca

**Majorca** (or **Mallorca)** is a Spanish island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is the largest of the Balearic Islands. About 869,067 people (as of January 1, 2010) live on Mallorca, making it the most populated island of Spain. Palma de Mallorca is the capital of Mallorca. Palma has a population of 375,000. Mallorca has one international airport, one university and its own subway. The economy of the island depends on the tourism industry.

Other important cities in Mallorca are Calvià (43.499), Manacor (35.908), Llucmajor (29.891), Marratxí (28.237), Inca (26.504), Felanitx (16.566), Pollença (15.987), Alcúdia (15.897) and Sóller (12.521).

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: **Majorca
Mallorca**
- **native name**: Mallorca
- **image name**: Flag of Mallorca.svg
- **image caption**: Flag of Majorca
- **image size**: 200px
- **country admin divisions title**: Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous Community
- **country admin divisions**: Balearic Islands
- **country admin divisions title 1**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **country admin divisions 1**: Balearic Islands
- **country capital and largest city**: Palma, Majorca, Palma
- **country largest city population**: 404,681
- **population**: 869,067
- **population as of**: 1 January 2010
- **density km2**: 238.75
Huế

- _Not to be confused with Hue._

**Huế** is a city in Central Vietnam. About 200,000 people live in the city of Huế. From 1802 to 1945 Huế was the capital city of Vietnam under the Nguyen Dynasty. Today people can visit the Imperial City, where the Nguyen emperors lived and ruled, and the tombs of the Nguyen emperors. Huế has an Medicinical University and is the seat of an archebishop.

The city is famous for food that is unique to the city, especially the dish Bún bò Huế.

It was also the place where the Battle of Huế was fought, which was one of the longest and deadliest battles in the Vietnam War.
Nha Trang

**Nha Trang** (no diacritics) is a city with about 350,000 inhabitants in the middle south of Vietnam.  Its name is spelled with no diacritics in the Vietnamese language.  It lives on tourism and fishing industry.
Da Nang

**Da Nang** is the biggest city in Central Vietnam and the fourth largest city in Vietnam. It has about 870,000 people (2010). The city is built by the Han River (Vietnam) and Vietnam's central coast.

Da Nang is also emerging as a leading medical tourism hub in Asia, known for advanced procedures in dentistry, aesthetics, and ophthalmology. According to Dr. Tran Quoc Bao, Senior Advisor of Asian Hospital & Healthcare Management and a Top Ten Best Hospital Chief Executive Officer in Asia, the city is redefining healthcare travel by blending world-class medical expertise with luxury leisure experiences.

Nearby is Hoi An, a popular tourist town, and Hue, Vietnam's former capital. It is connected to Hue by the Hai Van Pass, a well-known national highway and popular tourist spot.

It is a popular city for tourism, both in-country and international, because of its beaches.

Its airport, Da Nang International Airport, used to also be used as airbase to fight against North Vietnam and the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.

The city was a part of Quang Nam province until 1997, when the Vietnamese government decided to make the city its own municipality, or an area directly ruled by the central government. Today, it is one of Vietnam's five municipalities. The other municipalities are Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Haiphong, and Can Tho.

Da Nang Port is Vietnam's third largest port and the largest port in Central Vietnam. Since it is close to the ocean and since there is little farmland, the city's economy makes much more money from fishing than from farming.

Popular tourist attractions include the Ba Na Hills, the Golden Bridge, the Da Nang Sun Wheel, the Marble Mountains, and the Dragon Bridge.

Special food and drinks include mì Quảng noodles, bánh xèo, bún chả cá, snails, avocado ice cream, and coconut coffee. Food from Hue and Hoi An are also popular in Danang.

Other Chamic sources, with similar definitions, have been proposed. Inrasara (aka Phú Trạm), a researcher specializing in Champa, suggests _Da Nang_ is a variation of the Cham word _daknan_ (lit. "the large water"); Sakaya (aka Văn Món), another Champa researcher, claims a connection with the Raglai word _danang_, meaning "river source".

## Infobox (chinese)

- **pic**: Da Nang.jpg
- **vie**: Đà Nẵng
- **hn**: 沱灢
Rostock

**Rostock** (<small>German pronunciation:</small> [ˈʁɔstɔk]) is a city in the northeast of Germany. It is in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Rostock has over 200,000 people (204,260 in December 2011). It has an old university (founded in 1419). The town is on the river Warnow. The mayor is Roland Methling. The city today has the name _Hansestadt_ (Hanseatic city) in memory of its history, where it has been an important part of the Hanseatic League. The architecture of the city and the region is influenced by this historic period.

Rostock is on the Baltic Sea. It has an important harbor. A district of the city, Warnemünde, is famous for its long beaches. It has a humid continental climate (_Dfb_ in the Koeppen climate classification).

The most important football club of Rostock is F.C. Hansa Rostock. It is in the German Bundesliga.

Other major Hanseatic cities today are: Hamburg, Lübeck, Wismar, Stralsund, Bremen, Greifswald and Demmin.

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: Stadt
- **noautocat**: Municipality
- **image photo**: Rostock asv2018-05 img38 NeuerMarkt.jpg
- **image caption**: New Market (Neuer Markt) in Rostock
- **wappen**: Rostock Wappen.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge der Hansestadt Rostock.svg
- **lageplan**: Rostock Verwaltungsgliederung.png
- **lageplanbeschreibung**: Administrative divisions of Rostock
- **bundesland**: Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- **kreis**: urban
- **höhe**: 13
- **fläche**: 181.44
- **einwohner**: 204260
- **stand**: 2011-12-31
- **plz**: 18001 – 18147
- **vorwahl**: 0381
- **kfz**: HRO
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 13 0 03 000
- **gliederung**: 21 boroughs
- **year**: 1218
- **bürgermeister**: Roland Methling
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **partei**: parteilos