juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Friar of the weather

The **Friar of the weather** (sold as _fraile del tiempo_ ) is a hygrometer built with the hair of a _blond, young woman of Slavic race._ Designed by the Calella inventor Agapit Borràs Pedemonte in 1894.  The figure represents a Capuchin friar seated with a globe at his feet and an open book in his right hand. Through the pointer of his left hand, the friar indicates whether the weather will be _dry, rough, windy, good, unsafe, windy, wet_ or _rain_.  As the pointer moves due to hair expansion, so does the monk's hood. The company has made more than 40 different versions of the instrument, in some of which the friar has been replaced by nuns, warriors, Christopher Columbus or even by the monk from the children's drink Kina San Clemente. The product is available in Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Basque, Portuguese, French, Italian, German and English.

To commercialize it, the company _Tot Ideas SL_ was founded , owned by the Borràs family from Mataró. When, in 2001, Juguetes Borràs merged with Educa, this company was left out of the merger and still markets today this instrument exporting it to France, Italy, Portugal and even  Malta.

## Other websites

- Product website
- The product on the company's website
Charmless Man

"**Charmless Man**" is a 1996 song by Blur and is the fourth single from their fourth studio album _The Great Escape_. It went to number 5 in the United Kingdom, number 6 in Scotland and Iceland, number 35 in Australia, number 25 in Ireland and number 33 in Germany.

## Track listings

All music was composed by Albarn, Coxon, James and Rowntree. All lyrics were composed by Albarn.

**UK 7-inch and cassette single**
1. "Charmless Man"
1. "The Horrors"

**UK CD single**
1. "Charmless Man"
1. "The Horrors"
1. "A Song"
1. "St. Louis"

**European CD single**
1. "Charmless Man" – 3:33
1. "The Man Who Left Himself" – 3:21

**French CD single**
1. "Charmless Man" – 3:34
1. "It Could Be You" (live) – 3:19

**Australasian CD single**
1. "Charmless Man" – 3:33
1. "The Man Who Left Himself" – 3:21
1. "Tame" – 4:47
1. "Ludwig" – 2:24

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Charmless Man
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Blur (band), Blur
- **album**: The Great Escape (Blur album), The Great Escape
- **released**: (UK)
- **length**: 3:34
- **label**: Food Records, Food, Parlophone
- **writer**: Damon Albarn, Graham Coxon, Alex James (musician), Alex James, Dave Rowntree
- **producer**: Stephen Street
- **prev title**: Stereotypes (song), Stereotypes
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: Beetlebum
- **next year**: 1997
Saurostomus

***Saurostomus*** is an extinct genus of pelagic pachycormiform from the early Toarcian of Europe. Its only species is ***S. esocinus***. Fossil remains have been found in England, Germany, and France.

The generic name means "lizard mouth." Cladistic analysis retains _Saurostomus_ as sister to a clade comprising _Ohmdenia_ and the suspension-feeding pachycormids.

## Description

This fish was large. The model on the right shows that it resembled a small shark, but with a smaller dorsal fin. The robust body had two pectoral fins, particularly elongated.

## Classification

_Saurostomus_ is part of the Pachycormiformes, a group of bony fish that first appeared in the Lower Jurassic. In particular, it is a fish with some skull features bringing it closer to the giant filter feeder _Leedsichthys_.

### Synonyms

- _Pachycormus esocinus_

## References

1. <small>Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". _Bulletins of American Paleontology_. **364**: 560. Retrieved 2009-02-27.</small>
Ohmdenia

***Ohmdenia*** is an extinct genus of pachycormiform from the Lower Jurassic of Germany. Its only species is ***O. multidentata***. Some studies say _Ohmdenia_ is a synonym of _Saurostomus_.

## Description

The fish is only known from an incomplete fossil, but it is good enough proof to know what it looked like. _Ohmdenia_ was a large animal, averaging two and a half meters long. The body is long and thick. It had a wide mouth and a long and short skull.

## Taxonomy

_Ohmdenia_ is a member of the family Pachycormidae in the order Pachycormiformes. For a long time, _Ohmdenia_ was considered a close relative of _Birgeria_, a famous Triassic predator. Further studies show that this is not the case, so they placed it in the extinct order Pachycormiformes.

## Related pages

- Hypsocormus
- Mamulichthys
- Saurostomus
- Balistomorphus
- Bobasatrania
- Australosomus
- Allothrissops
- Allomorone
- Asialepidotus
- Orthocormus

## References

1. <small>Hauff, B. (1953). _Ohmdenia multidentata_ nov. gen. et nov. sp. Ein neuer grober Fischfund aus den Posidonienschiefern des Lias e von Ohmden/Holzmaden in Württemburg. Neues Jahrb. Geol. P.-A. 97, 39–50.</small>
1. <small>"_Ohmdenia_". _Paleobiology Database_.</small>
Hamas of Iraq

**Hamas of Iraq** (Arabic: حَمَاسُ الْعِرَاقِ) is a Sunni militant group from Iraq, being created from a split in the 1920 Revolution Brigades in 2007. The group has released videos of them attacking US troops. The 1920 Revolution Brigades say that they work with the US army against Al-Qaeda. The group later helped free cities from Daesh in 2015 and gave them to the Iraqi army. The group is mainly made out of former 1920 Revolution Brigades members who were formerly members of Saddam Husayn (ra)'s army. The goal of the group was to free the country from foreign troops such as the US military.

## Infobox (war faction)

- **name**: Hamas of Iraq
- **native name**: حَمَاسُ الْعِرَاقِ
- **war**: the Iraqi insurgency (Iraq War), Iraqi insurgency
- **image**: File:Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg
- **caption**: Flag of Hamas of Iraq
- **active**: 18 March 2007 – 18 December 2011; still existed until 9 December 2017
- **ideology**: Sunni Islam
Iraqi nationalism
- **area**: Central Iraq
- **partof**: Political Council for the Iraqi Resistance
- **allies**: Islamic Army in Iraq
 (claimed by Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq)
- **opponents**: Iraqi Armed Forces (till 2015)

Al-Qaeda in Iraq
 Islamic State of Iraq
- **battles**: Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)

War in Iraq (2013-2017)
- **predecessor**: 1920 Revolution Brigades
- **logo**: Hamas iraq logo.JPG
- **foundation**: 2007
- **dissolved**: 2017
Revolt of Zayd ibn Ali

On the 1st of Safar 122, Zayed ibn Ali **started a unsuccessful rebellion** against the Umayyad Caliphate, that had been taken from the Rashidun Caliphate after the death of his great grand dad Ali. He ended up being killed on the 3rd of Safar with most of his companions also being killed and it led to the creation of Zaydism.
Leptomantis angulirostris

The **Kina Balu flying frog** or **masked flying frog** (_Leptomantis angulirostris_) is a frog.  It lives in the Philippines, in Luzon, Bohol, and Mindanao.  People have seen it between 700 and 1800 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is 31 to 33 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 45-51 mm long. There is some webbed skin on the front feet.  There are bumps on the skin of the belly and front but not on the back. The frog is gray-green to light brown in color. Some frogs have white spots on the head or middle.  There is bright yellow color with black spots on the sides of the body and where the legs meet the body. The chest and belly are white.

This frog only lives in forests that have never been cut down. The forests are on mountains and hills. This frog lays eggs in clear, rocky streams. The tadpoles can grow to be 36 mm long.

Scientists believe this frog is in only some danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place. One of the places it lives is a protected park. This frog's danger comes from humans cutting down the forests where it lives.
2023–24 Liverpool F.C. season

Caraboa Cup Winners 1-0 Versus Chelsea
Top of the premiership as of March 4th
In the UEFA Europa League as of march 4th
In the Fa cup as of march 4th.
Mewing

**Mewing** is a type of oral posture training (strengthen your jaw line) made to improve the jawline and the look of your face. It was named after John and Mike Mew, British orthodontists who made the technique as a part of a practice they call "orthotropics". Mewing is done by placing your tongue at the roof of the mouth (which is called the palate) and putting a bit of pressure there. Also, you should swallow the fluids in your mouth while mewing. This is done with the goal of changing the structure of the jaw.  However, no credible scientific research has ever proven how well orthotropics work. Since 2019, mewing has had a lot of media coverage due to it becoming viral on social media, especially with what is known as looksmaxxing. Looksmaxxing is when someone tries to improve how they look. This is usually done by improving their habits.
While the technique has been known to have some positive effects, many orthodontists  say that mewing does not have enough evidence as a good alternative treatment to orthognathic surgery. Mike Mew has been kicked out from the British Orthodontic Society, and is currently facing a legal hearing for allegedly harming child patients who he treated.

## In media

Mewing has been used as an internet meme. On social media platforms such as TikTok, people will point to their jaw to show that they are mewing in their videos. In reference of how Donald Trump in a 2023 mug shot looked, journalist Bindu Bansinath wrote "perhaps he's mewing for better definition."
Rowntree's

**Nestlé UK Ltd** ( ), trading as **Rowntree's** ( ), is a British confectionery brand. The business was based in York, England. Rowntree developed the Kit Kat (introduced in 1935), Aero (introduced in 1935), Fruit Pastilles (introduced in 1881), Smarties (introduced in 1937) brands, and the Rolo and Quality Street brands when it merged with Mackintosh's in 1969 to form Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery. Rowntree's also launched After Eight thin mint chocolates in 1962. The Yorkie and Lion bars were introduced in 1976. Rowntree's also started the selection box (a gift consisting of assorted bars and sweets) which in the UK have been Christmas gifts for over a century.

Started in 1862, the company developed strong associations with Quaker philanthropy. Throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries, it was one of the big three confectionery manufacturers in the United Kingdom, alongside Cadbury and Fry, both also founded by Quakers.

In 1981, Rowntree's received the Queen's Award for Enterprise for outstanding contribution to international trade. In 1988, when the company was bought by Nestlé, it was the fourth-largest confectionery manufacturer in the world. The Rowntree brand continues to be used to market Nestlé's jelly sweet brands, such as Fruit Gums and Fruit Pastilles. Rowntree’s ceased to exist as a business in 1991, becoming Nestlé UK.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Nestlé UK Ltd.
- **trade name**: Rowntree's
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **founder**: Henry Isaac Rowntree
- **location**: York, England
- **industry**: Confectionery
- **parent**: Nestlé
- **key people**: Joseph Rowntree (Philanthropist), Joseph Rowntree
- **products**: Candy, Sweets
Brigitte Geoffroy

**Brigitte Geoffroy** (born 10 March 1964) is a French taekwondo martial artist.  She won the silver medal in 1986, and bronze medal in 1990 and 1992 European Taekwondo Championships,  in the -65 kg category.

She competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics, where taekwondo was a demonstration sport, in the welterweight event.
Faridpur, Bangladesh

**Faridpur** () is the district town and district headquarter of Faridpur district. It is situated in Dhaka division in the central part of Bangladesh. It is also headquarter of Faridpur Sadar Upazilla. Faridpur is a politically important city in south-west-central Bangladesh and the 14th largest city in Bangladesh. It is the most populated place in this district. Faridpur is situated on the banks of Kumar river. The area of Faridpur municipality is 66.38 km<sup>2</sup> . The total population of Faridpur is 446,921. Pallikabi Jasimuddin is one of the famous Bengali poet belongs to Faridpur. There are also many famous politicians in this district. Earlier its name was _Fatehabad_. Bangladesh's only river research institute is situated here.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **settlement type**: City and Paurashava, Municipality
- **official name**: Faridpur
- **native name**: ফরিদপুর
- **image skyline**: Moonlight of faridpur.jpg
- **image caption**: Moonlight in the city
- **pushpin map**: Bangladesh
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Bangladesh
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Bangladesh
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Dhaka Division, Dhaka
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **subdivision name2**: Faridpur District, Faridpur
- **subdivision type3**: Upazila
- **subdivision name3**: Faridpur Sadar Upazila, Faridpur Sadar
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–Council
- **governing body**: Faridpur Municipality
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title2**: Municipality
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 66.24
- **population total**: 446921
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population as of**: 2022
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **timezone**: Bangladesh Standard Time, Bangladesh Time
- **utc offset**: +6
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Bangladesh, Postal code
- **postal code**: 7800
- **blank name**: Telephone numbers in Bangladesh, National Dialing Code
- **blank info**: +880 /0631
- **blank1 name**: Telephone numbers in Bangladesh, Local Dialing Code
Faridpur

**Faridpur** may refer to:

## Bangladesh

- Faridpur, Bangladesh, a city and district headquarter in Faridpur District
- Faridpur District, a district in Dhaka Division

## India

- Faridpur (Assembly constituency), Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
- Faridpur Village, a village in Siwan district of Bihar state
- Faridpur, Uttar Pradesh, a town in Uttar Pradesh

## Pakistan

- Faridpur, Khanewal, Punjab Province
- Faridpur, Multan, Punjab Province
- Faridpur, Narowal, Punjab Province
J. S. Fry & Sons

**J. S. Fry & Sons, Ltd.**, better known as ** Fry's & porn**, was a British chocolate company owned by Joseph Storrs Fry and his family. Beginning in Bristol in the 18th century, the business went through several changes of name and ownership, becoming J. S. Fry & Sons in 1822. In 1847, Fry's produced the first solid chocolate bar. The company also created the first filled chocolate sweet, Cream Sticks, in 1853. Fry is most famous for Fry's Chocolate Cream, the first mass-produced chocolate bar, which was launched in 1866, and Fry's Turkish Delight, launched in 1914.

Fry, alongside Cadbury and Rowntree's, was one of the big three British confectionery manufacturers throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries, and all three companies were founded by Quakers. The company became a division of Cadbury in the early 20th century. The division's Somerdale Factory near Bristol was closed after the 2010 takeover of Cadbury's by Kraft Foods Inc.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: J. S. Fry & Sons
- **image**: Fry's Chocolate and Cocoa.jpg
- **image size**: 200
- **image caption**: Advertisement for the 1878 Paris Exposition
- **type**: privately held company, Private (1761–1919)
- **fate**: Merged with Cadbury, Cadbury Brothers in 1919. Loss of operational independence in 1967. Original factory closed 2011.
- **foundation**: 1761 in Bristol
- **founder**: Joseph Fry (type-founder), Joseph Fry
- **location city**: Keynsham
- **location country**: United Kingdom
- **industry**: Confectionery
- **products**: Chocolate
- **key people**: Joseph Storrs Fry II
- **parent**: Cadbury (1919–2010)
Superposition

**Superposition** means that several things are combined by putting one on top of the other. More specifically, the term has several meanings:

- In mathematics, linear equations can be combined, and in certain cases, solutions can be found more easily.
- In physics, the **superposition principle** states that if there are two or more stimuli at a given point in time, the response will be the result of adding all the responses. This only applies to linear systems. Since many systems can be modeled as linear systems, the principle has many applications in physics and engineering.
- In biology, alternative splicing means that certain sequences of DNA can be used for more than one protein.
- In geology and archaeology, the Law of Superposition states that layers further down are usually older than those more at the top.
Antonio Aponte

**Jose Antonio Aponte Ulabarra** (1760-1812) was a Cuban militia officer. He led the armed revolt called the November Revolution in Cuba in 1812. He was captured by the Spanish army and put to death on April 9, 1812.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Antonio Aponte Ulabarra
- **office**: First Corporal of the Havana Militia
- **appointer**: King Napoleon Bonaparte, Napoleon I
- **birth date**: 1760
- **death date**: April 9, 1812
- **birth place**: Havana, Cuba
- **death place**: Havana, Cuba
- **country**: Cuba
- **alma mater**: University of Havana
- **allegiance**:

- **rank**: First Corporal
- **branch**: Militia, Spanish militia
- **termend**: March 29, 1812
- **termstart**: December 20, 1808
- **image**: Jose Antonio Aponte.jpg
- **caption**: A sketch of Jose Aponte
- **battles**: November Revolution
*Remedios Uprising
*Havana Uprising
It Wasn't Me

**“It Wasn’t Me** is a 2000 single by Shaggy from his fifth album _Hot Shot_. It reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100. It is a reggae song about a man who is caught cheating on his girlfriend. He asks his friend what to do, and his friend just tells him to deny everything by saying “it wasn’t me”. This obviously isn’t good advice since his girlfriend has lots of evidence against him, making the song’s story humorous.

Besides the song’s success on the charts, it is also notable for inspiring “the Shaggy defense”, a term for when someone accused of something just says it wasn’t them, like the man in the song. The term came into being when R. Kelly was involved in a sex scandal, where Kelly said he wasn’t the man in a video showing him having sex with an underage girl.
Fall River

**Fall River** is the name of several places and rivers:

### Canada

- Fall River, Nova Scotia

### United States

- Fall River, Massachusetts
- Fall River, Kansas
- Fall River County, South Dakota
- Fall River, Wisconsin

### Canada

- Fall River (Ontario)

### United States

- Fall River (Plumas County, California), a Lake Oroville source tributary
- Fall River (Shasta County, California), a river tributary to the Pit River in Shasta County, California.
- Fall River (Clear Creek County, Colorado), a tributary of Clear Creek in Clear Creek County, Colorado.
- Fall River (Larimer County, Colorado), a tributary of the Big Thompson River in Larimer County, Colorado
- Fall River (Wyoming, Idaho), a river in Yellowstone National Park and Idaho
- Fall River (Fremont County, Idaho), a river in Fremont County, Idaho
- Fall River (Kansas), a river in Wilson County, Kansas
- Fall River (Maryland), a river in Baltimore, Maryland
- Fall River (Connecticut River tributary), a river in Franklin County, Massachusetts
- Fall River (Farmington River), a river in Berkshire County, Massachusetts
- Fall River (Middle Fork Feather River), a tributary of the Middle Fork Feather River in Butte County, California
- Fall River (Minnesota), a stream in northeastern Minnesota
- Fall River (Oregon), a tributary of the Deschutes River in central Oregon
- Fall River (South Dakota), a river in Fall River County
- Hoback River or Fall River, a river in Wyoming
Stéphane Richard

**Stéphane Richard** (born 24 August 1961) is the former chairman and CEO of Orange S.A..
He graduated from HEC Paris and the École nationale d'administration. He studied at HEC Paris and École nationale d'administration in Strasbourg. He has also worked in politics with Christine Lagarde.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Stéphane Richard
- **image**: Stéphane Richard at the 37th G8 Summit in Deauville 003.jpg
- **birth place**: Bordeaux, France
- **nationality**: France, French
- **occupation**: CEO of Orange S.A.
- **alma mater**: HEC Paris
École nationale d'administration
Conspirators Rebellion

The **Conspirators Rebellion** goes along with the Conspiracy of Nicolas Rodriguez in Cuba during 1795. This was a revolt caused by the repression and slavery that Cuba experienced during that time. It was led by Nicolas Rodriguez and Antonio Aponte who was also leader of the November Revolution.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Conspirators Rebellion
- **place**: Spanish Empire, Spanish Cuba
- **date**: February 26, 26 February 1795
- October 12, 12 October 1797
- **commander1**: Nicolas Rodriguez
Manuel Zequeira
Francisco Arango
Antonio Aponte
- **commander2**: Charles IV of Spain, Charles IV
- **combatant1**: **Cuba, Conspirators**
*Viceroyalty of New Spain, New Spain
Venezuelan volunteers
- **combatant2**: **Spanish Empire, Spain**
*Spanish Empire, Captaincy General of Cuba
- **partof**: the Atlantic Revolutions
- **image size**: 261px
President of the Council of Ministers of the Mexican Empire

Here is the list of the President of the Council of Ministers of the Mexican Empire, First Minister, or Chancellor of Mexico.

## Former holders of the title

- First Empire
- José Manuel de Herrera May 19, 1822 – March 19, 1823
- Second Empire
- José María Lacunza  13 June 1864 – 6 October 1866
- **Teodosio Lares  October 6, 1866 – March 18, 1867**
- **Santiago Vidaurri  March 19, 1867 – June 19, 1867**

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: First Minister
- **body**: the Mexican Empire
- **image**: Sello de Gobierno del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg
- **abolished**: March 19, 1823
June 19, 1867
- **appointer**: Emperor of Mexico
- **first**: José Manuel de Herrera
- **last**: Santiago Vidaurri
- **formation**: May 19, 1822
June 13, 1864
- **residence**: Mexico City, Second Mexican Empire, Mexican Empire
- **seat**: Chapultepec Castle
- **termlength**: No term length
- **status**: Head of Government
Mamulichthys

***Mamulichthys*** is an extinct bony fish from the Permian of what is now European Russia. Its only species is ***M. ignotus***. It was small in size and resembled a coelacanth. Operculum is large and rounded. The ventral side had longitudinal rows of large and massive scales.

## Related pages

- Ohmdenia
- Orthocormus
- Monotrematum

## References

1. <small>Minikh (=Minich), Alla V. (2014). "_Mamulichthys ignotus_ gen. et sp. nov., a new actinopterygian from the Middle Permian of the southeastern East Europe Platform". _Paleontological Journal_.</small>
BAE Systems

**BAE Systems plc** (**BAE**) is a British multinational arms, security and aerospace company, based in London, England. It is the biggest manufacturer in Britain as of 2017. It is the largest defence contractor in Europe and the seventh-largest in the world based on 2021 revenues.

## Locations

BAE's largest operations are in the United Kingdom and in the United States. In the U.S., BAE Systems Inc. subsidiary is one of the six largest suppliers to the US Department of Defense. Its next biggest markets are Saudi Arabia, then Australia; other major markets include Canada, Japan, India, Turkey, Qatar, Oman and Sweden.

## Establishment

The company was formed on 30 November 1999 by merger of Marconi Electronic Systems, the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company plc, with British Aerospace, an aircraft, munitions and naval systems manufacturer.

## Successions

BAE is the successor to many aircraft, shipbuilding, armoured vehicle, armaments and defence electronics companies. These include the Marconi Company, the first commercial company for the development and use of radio; A.V. Roe and Company, one of the world's first aircraft companies; de Havilland, manufacturer of the Comet, the world's first commercial jet airliner; Hawker Siddeley, manufacturer of the Harrier, the world's first VTOL attack aircraft; British Aircraft Corporation, co-manufacturer of the Concorde supersonic transport; Supermarine, manufacturer of the Spitfire; Yarrow Shipbuilders, builder of the Royal Navy's first destroyers; Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, builder of the world's first battlecruiser; and Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering, builder of the Royal Navy's first submarines.

## Buying other businesses

Since 1999, BAE has bought other businesses. They bought United Defense and Armor Holdings of the United States, and has sold its shares in Airbus, Astrium, AMS and Atlas Elektronik. It is involved in several major defence projects. These include the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, the Eurofighter Typhoon, the , and the s. BAE Systems is listed on the London Stock Exchange's FTSE 100 Index.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: BAE Systems plc
- **logo**: BAE Systems logo.svg
- **logo size**: 250px
- **type**: Public limited company, Public
- **traded as**:
FTSE 100 Index, FTSE 100 Component
- **location**: London, England, UK
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **industry**: Aerospace manufacturer, Aerospace, arms industry, information security
- **services**: Maintenance, consultancy, training etc.
- **revenue year**: 2023
- **income year**: 2023
- **net income year**: 2023
- **assets year**: 2023
- **equity year**: 2023
- **num employees**: 93,000
- **num employees year**: 2024
- **divisions**: #Organisation, See below
Bay'ah

**Bay'ah** in Islam is a pledge of allegiance to a Muslim leader. It was practiced by the prophet Muhammad. It is sometimes done under a written agreement by citizens as long as the leader follows the Sharia, the people have to continue to pledge allegiance to him. It is still practiced in Saudi Arabia and Sudan. In Morocco, bay'ah is only compulsory for the royal family of the country.
Alahad TV

**Alahad TV** is a TV channel from Iraq created in 2010. The channel is run by a subgroup of the Popular Mobilization Forces . Their headquarters are located in Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq.
Ishtar TV

**Ishtar TV** is a Iraqi TV channel mainly broadcasted in the Syriac for Assyrian viewers. The channel was created by Sarkis Aghajan in 2005. The channel also broadcasts in Arabic and Kurdish so people who do not speak Syriac can understand the channel's programming. The channel's website is also available in English alongside the languages that the channel broadcasts.

## Infobox (broadcasting network)

- **network name**: Ishtar TV
- **country**: Iraq
- **network type**: Satellite television, Satellite television network
- **available**: Middle East
- **owner**: Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council
- **key people**: Sarkis Aghajan Mamendo
Al-Rafidain TV

**Al-Rafidain TV** is a Iraqi TV channel from Istanbul broadcasting in the Arabic language. The channel was launched on the 10th of April 2006 using Nilesat, and is owned by followers of Sunnism against secularism that support the Association of Muslim Scholars in Iraq.
Nursery Cryme

**Nursery Cryme** is the third studio album by Genesis. The album was released on November 12, 1971.
Nitter

**Nitter** is a discontinued alternative front-end for X, with better privacy and performance. The UI is based off the classic Twitter desktop layout. The front end used many "guest accounts" created using proxy servers to get tweets. When the guest account feature was removed by X in January 2024, the project was discontinued, although users could create their own instances using their own X accounts with the risk of blocking.

## Infobox (software)

- **title**: Nitter
- **logo**: Nitter logo.svg
- **logo alt**: A red outline of the capital letter N
- **caption**: Typical microblog display page for a Nitter instance, showing Twitter user with tweets
- **developer**: Zedeus (and contributors)
- **discontinued**: yes
- **latest release version**: 2024.01.12-52db03b
- **programming language**: Nim_(programming_language), Nim, Sass_(style_sheet_language), SCSS, Python_(programming_language), Python, Cascading Style Sheets, CSS, JavaScript
- **operating system**: Unix-like
- **platform**: Web
- **license**: GNU Affero General Public License, AGPLv3+
Ya Bashar

**Ya Bashar** (; O Bashar) is the 13th album released by Diana Haddad. It was released by Rotana Records in 2014. It was also Haddad's first collaboration with Arabia's biggest record label.

## Release information

|Region|Date|Label|Format|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Arabia|December 17, 2014|rowspan="2"|Rotana Records|rowspan="2"|Digital Download|
American Community Survey

The **American Community Survey** is a yearly survey done by the United States Census Bureau. It gathers information from the longer censuses done every 10 years such as citizenship and income. This data is used to learn about communities of people.

It is sent to 295,000 houses every month or 3.5 million addresses every year and it is the largest housing survey that the Census Bureau gives out.

It gathers information in every state and Washington, D.C.. It does not gather information from U.S territories such as Guam and American Samoa.

## Infobox (recurring event)

- **name**: American Community Survey
- **logo**: United States Census Bureau Wordmark.svg
- **logo caption**: The logo of the American Community Survey
- **location**: 4600 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland, U.S.
- **country**: U.S.
- **participants**: 3.5 million households/year
- **events**: Survey
Free Syrian University

The **Free Syrian University** was made in 2013 for refugees from the Syrian civil war that are uneducated and are the age for college. The university is a secular university, not with any religion but does offer a degree in Islamic Studies. The university supports the Syrian opposition and bases its name off of the Free Syrian Army. The university is in the country of Turkey, in a town close to the Idlib Governorate of Syria but also holds online meetings using software like Zoom or Google Meet for those not in Turkey. To enroll in the university it costs $1500 usually but most refugees do not have the finances so they attend at a reduced fee or free.
Freemen of Syria

The **Freemen of Syria** are a brigade of Syrian opposition fighters part of the  Free Syrian Army who were active during the Syrian civil war, near Aleppo. The brigade funds itself from donations mainly from Saudi Arabia, looting warehouses, and kidnapping people for ransom. They later ended up joining the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement and the Sham Legion. A part of the Northern Brigade left the Sham Legion in 2017 but it is unknown if the group is still active.

## Infobox (war faction)

- **name**: Freemen of Syria
Liwa Ahrar Souriya
- **native name lang**: Ar
- **war**: Syrian civil war
- **image**: Ali Belo, Liwa Ahrar Souriya.png
- **caption**: Ali Belo, commander of Liwa Ahrar Souriya until September 2013
- **active**: February 2012 — present
- **ideology**: Syrian nationalism

Sunni Islamism
- **clans**: *Anadan Brigade
*Arab Spring Brigades
*Kurdish Front (former, 2013)
- **leaders**: *Ahmad Afash
*Mahmoud Afash
*Ali Belo
*Capt. Mamon Kalzi
*Abu Layla ()
*Muhammad Abu Adel ()
- **headquarters**: Anadan and Azaz, Aleppo Governorate, Syria
- **area**: Aleppo Governorate and Raqqa Governorate, Syria
- **partof**: * Free Syrian Army
*16th Division (Syrian rebel group), 16th Division (2013)
*Levant Front (2014–2015)
* Mare' Operations Room (2014–2016)
* Hamza Division (Aleppo), Hamza Division (2016)
* Northern Brigade (unclear)
** Revolutionary Knights Brigade (unclear)
- **allies**: * Islamic Front (Syria), Islamic Front
* Fastaqim Kama Umirt
* Authenticity and Development Front
*  Sultan Murad Division
- **opponents**: * Syrian Armed Forces
* Syrian Democratic Forces
*  Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
- **battles**: Syrian civil war
* Rojava–Islamist conflict
* Siege of Nubl and al-Zahraa
* Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)
* Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War
- **predecessor**: Free Anadan Brigade
- **size**: *2,000–2,500 <small>(self-claim, 2013)</small>
*500 ()
Ansar al-Islam

**Ansar al-Islam** is a Islamist militant group with the goal of forming a Kurdish Islamic state under sharia law and protect the people of this Kurdish state. It was created in northern Iraq around Kurdistan by Islamists who were former members of Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.

The group was designated a terrorist organization by the UN as a another name for Al-Qaeda.

## Terrorist organization status

|Country|Date|References|
| --- | --- | --- |
||March 2003||
||17 May 2004||
||2005||
||14 October 2005||
||22 March 2004||
||16 November 2014||

## Infobox (war faction)

- **name**: Ansar al-Islam
- **war**: the Iraq War, Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013), Iraqi insurgency, Syrian civil war, and the War on Terror
- **designated as terror group by**: _Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan#Designation as a terrorist organization, See Section_
- **motives**: Establishment of an Islamic state in Kurdistan, and the protection of Kurds
- **headquarters**: Hamrin Mountains
- **area**: Iraqi Kurdistan, Syria
- **size**: Peak: 700+
- **partof**: Rouse the Believers Operations Room
- **predecessor**: Jund al-Islam (Iraq), Jund al-Islam and Kurdistan Islamic Movement splinter
- **allies**: Ahrar al-Sham
- **battles**: Iraq War
* Islamist insurgency in Iraqi Kurdistan
Syrian civil war
* Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016), Battle of Aleppo
** 2016 Aleppo summer campaign, Aleppo summer campaign
* Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019), Idlib demilitarization
* Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019), Northwestern Syria offensive
Ansar al-Sunnah

**Ansar al-Sunnah** (Supporters of Sunnah) was a Iraqi militant group that fought against US troops and their allies in the Iraq War. The group was made up of Kurdish and Arab fighters. The group has been designated a terrorist group by the UK since late 2005. It was founded in 2003 by former members of Ansar al-Islam who went to Iran after the start of the Iraq War. The group is named as Ansar al-Sunnah as an alias for Ansar al-Islam. The group has also had its name used by small splinter groups in 2014 after the disbandment of Ansar al-Sunnah.

## Infobox (war faction)

- **name**: Ansar al-Sunnah

- **war**: Iraq War, Iraqi insurgency (post-U.S. withdrawal), Iraqi insurgency
- **active**: September 2003 – December 2007 (Subsequently operated under name of Ansar al-Ahlu Sunnah)
- **ideology**: Sunni Islamism
Sufism
- **leaders**: Abu Abdullah al-Shafi'i
Abu Wayil
- **area**: Iraq (2003-2011)
- **allies**:
 Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
 Islamic Army of Iraq
 Islamic State of Iraq
 1920 Revolution Brigade
 Jaish al-Rashideen
 Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance
 Hamas of Iraq
 Jeish Muhammad
- **opponents**:

Mahdi Army

Islamic State of Iraq <small>(2006–2007)</small>
- **battles**: Iraq War
*Iraq Spring Fighting of 2004
*Battle of Mosul (2004)
*Islamic Army–Al-Qaeda conflict
*Sectarian violence in Iraq (2006–2008)
- **predecessor**: Ansar al-Sunnah
- **successor**: Ansar al Ahlu Sunnah
Ansar al-Islam
- **size**: 1,000+
- **flag**:
Ahrar al-Sharqiya

**Ahrar al-Sharqiya** is a militant group from Syria. Many of its fighters are former members of Daesh, Ahrar al-Sham, and Jabhat Al-Nusra.

The group got international media attention in 2019 after the murder of  Hevrin Khalaf being condemned by the UN as a "war crime".

The group is funded by Turkey and members were sent to fight in Libya on Turkey's behalf. The group has also supported military operations against the SDF in Syria.

## Infobox (war faction)

- **name**: Ahrar al-Sharqiya
- **native name**: تجمع احرار الشرقية
- **native name lang**: Arabic
- **war**: the Syrian Civil War
- **image**: Flag of Syria (2025-).svg
- **active**: 2016–present
- **ideology**: Islamism
Anti-Kurdish sentiment
- **clans**: *Badr Martyrs' Battalion
- **leaders**: Abou Hatim Shaqra
Abu Jaafar Jazra
Abu Jaafer Shaqra
- **area**: Aleppo Governorate, Syria
Turkey
- **partof**: Syrian National Army
*First Legion
- **allies**:
 Free Syrian Army
  National Front for Liberation
 Jaysh al-Islam (sometimes)
- **opponents**: Syrian Arab Armed Forces

Syrian Democratic Forces
 Hezbollah
 Syrian Resistance
 Sinjar Alliance
 International Freedom Battalion
 Hamza Division (Aleppo), Hamza Division <small>(sometimes)</small>
 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Islamic State
 Farouq Brigades <small>(sometimes)</small>
 Levant Front <small>(sometimes)</small>
 Jaysh al-Islam <small>(sometimes)</small>
- **battles**: Syrian Civil War
*Rojava–Islamist conflict
*Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war
*Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War
**Operation Euphrates Shield
***Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)
***Battle of al-Bab
**Operation Olive Branch
***SDF insurgency in Northern Aleppo
**Operation Peace Spring
*Eastern Syria insurgency
*Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)
- **identification symbol**:
- **identification symbol label**: Flag
- **split from**: Ahrar al-Sham
- **size**: over 2,000
Karamea

**Karamea** is an isolated town in the Buller District, New Zealand. It is situated 96 kilometers northeast of Westport and is the northmost town on the South Island West Coast. It has an area school (which is non-uniformed), library, museum, church and has a catchment area of the Karamea River.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **zoom**: 7


## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Karamea
- **image skyline**: Karamea River and Ōtūmahana Estuary - MA1.jpg
- **image alt**: Aerial photograph of Karamea
- **image caption**: Market Cross, Karamea, and the Ōtūmahana Estuary
- **area total km2**: 66.08
- **population density km2**: auto
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: New Zealand
- **subdivision type1**: Region
- **subdivision name1**: West Coast, New Zealand, West Coast
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **subdivision name2**: Buller District
- **subdivision type3**: Ward
- **subdivision name3**: Seddon
- **seat type**: Electorates
- **leader title**: Territorial Authority
- **leader name**: Buller District Council
- **leader title1**: Regional council
- **leader name1**: West Coast Regional Council
- **leader title2**: Mayor of Buller
- **leader title4**: Te Tai Tonga, Te Tai Tonga MP
Monotrematum

***Monotrematum*** is an extinct genus of platypus-like animal from the Paleocene of Argentina. Its only species is ***M. sudamericanum***. It is only one of two monotremes found outside Oceania.

## Description

_Monotrematum_ is the only known non-Australasian ornithorhynchid. It resembled a platypus.

## Related pages

- Patagorhynchus – another monotreme from South America
- Mamulichthys
- Dunkleosteus
- Balistes dubius
- Balistes vegai
- Steropodon – another platypus-like monotreme from the family Steropodontidae

## References

1. <small>"_Monotrematum_" . Fossilworks.org.</small>

## Other websites

- Information related to _Monotrematum_ at Wikispecies
The Fate of the Furious

***The Fate of the Furious*** is a 2017 American action-thriller movie. It is the ninth movie in the _Fast & Furious_ franchise series. It stars Vin Diesel, Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, Scott Eastwood, Nathalie Emmanuel, Elsa Pataky, Kurt Russell, and Charlize Theron.

The movie was released on April 14, 2017. It made $1.236 billion around the world.

## Other websites

- _The Fate of the Furious_ at IMDb

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Fate of the Furious
- **image**: TFOTF-Logo.png
- **director**: F. Gary Gray
- **writer**: Chris Morgan (filmmaker), Chris Morgan
- **music**: Brian Tyler
- **cinematography**: Stephen F. Windon
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
- **runtime**: 136 minutes
- **country**: United States
China
- **language**: English
Mandarin
- **budget**: $250–270 million
- **gross**: $1.236 billion
Hobbs & Shaw

***Fast & Furious Presents: Hobbs & Shaw*** is a 2019 American action-thriller movie. It is the ninth movie in the _Fast & Furious_ media franchise series. It stars Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Idris Elba, Vanessa Kirby, Eiza González, Cliff Curtis and Helen Mirren.

The movie was released on August 2, 2019. It made $760.7 million around the world.

## Other websites

- _Hobbs & Shaw_ at IMDb

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Hobbs & Shaw
- **image**: File:Hobbsyshaw.png
- **director**: David Leitch
- **story**: Chris Morgan
- **music**: Tyler Bates
- **cinematography**: Jonathan Sela
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
- **runtime**: 137 minutes
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $200 million
- **gross**: $760.7 million
General Electric Company plc

The **General Electric Company** (**GEC**) was a major British conglomerate company involved in consumer and defence electronics, communication<nowiki/>s, and engineering.

It started in 1886 as **G. Binswanger and Company,**  an  electrical goods wholesaler in London. It sold electrical components over the counter which was not common then. In 1889, the business was incorporated as the **General Electric Company Ltd.**  It  became a public limited company in 1900. During the 1890s and 1900s, the company heavily invested into electric lighting, which was very profitable. In the First World War it supplied the military, and  becoming a major player in the electrical industry. In 1921, a new purpose-built company headquarters (Magnet House) was opened in Kingsway, London; two years later, GEC's industrial research laboratories at Wembley (later named the Hirst Research Centre) opened. In the 1920s, the company was heavily involved in building Britain's National Grid.

During the Second World War, GEC made several significant contributions to the Allied war effort, such as the development of the cavity magnetron for radar, various advances in communications technology, and the mass production of valves, lamps, and lighting equipment. In 1961, GEC merged with Radio & Allied Industries. In the 1960s, GEC's new managing director, Arnold Weinstock did cut-backs and mergers that returned the company to profit. GEC bought Associated Electrical Industries in 1967, and merged with English Electric one year later. The company  bought W & T Avery, _Cincinnati Electronics_, and _Picker Corporation_.

During the 1980s, the company was Britain's largest private employer with over 250,000 employees; becoming one of the first companies in the new FTSE 100 Index in 1984. It made more than £1 billion per year at its peak in the 1990s. In June 1998, GEC sold its share of the joint venture GEC-Alsthom on the Paris stock exchange. During December 1999, GEC's defence arm, Marconi Electronic Systems, was sold to British Aerospace, forming BAE Systems. The rest of GEC, mainly telecommunications equipment manufacturing, continued as Marconi Communications. After buying several US telecoms manufacturers at the top of the market, losses following the bursting of the dot-com bubble in 2001 led to the restructuring in 2003 of Marconi plc into Marconi Corporation plc. During 2005, the company failed to secure any part of BT's 21st Century Network programme; that same year, Ericsson acquired the bulk of the company; what was left of the business was renamed Telent. It closed in 2006.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: General Electric Company plc
- **logo**: Logo General Electric Company.svg
- **type**: Public limited company, Public
- **industry**: Engineering
- **fate**: Defence arm bought by British Aerospace to form BAE Systems (1999)
GEC renamed Marconi Communications, Marconi (1999)
- **location**: Coventry, England
- **products**: Electronics
British Aerospace

**British Aerospace plc** (**BAe**) was a British aircraft, munitions and defence-systems manufacturing company that was formed in 1977. Its head office was at Warwick House in the Farnborough Aerospace Centre in Farnborough, Hampshire. It bought Marconi Electronic Systems, the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company, in 1999 to form BAE Systems.

### Formation and privatisation

The company has its origins in the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act 1977, which called for the nationalisation and merger of the British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, Hawker Siddeley Dynamics and Scottish Aviation. On 29 April 1977, the new entity was formed in the United Kingdom as a statutory corporation.

Under the British Aerospace Act 1980 (c. 26), on 1 January the statutory corporation was transferred a public limited company (plc), under the name "British Aerospace Public Limited Company", on 2 January 1981. BAe was privatised.  In February 1981,  51.6% shares of the company were sold. The public sale was 3.5 times subscribed. At the end of the first day's trading, share prices were 14% above the original offer price. In May 1985 the other 48.4% shares were sold; this sale was 5.4 times subscribed and the first day closing price was 11% above the initial offer price. The British Government maintained a £1 golden share, which allowed it to veto foreign control of the board or company.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: British Aerospace plc
- **industry**: Aerospace
- **fate**: Merged with Marconi Electronic Systems
- **successor**: BAE Systems
- **location city**: Farnborough, Hampshire, Farnborough, Hampshire
- **location country**: United Kingdom
- **products**: Aircraft
- **homepage**: (archived)
Prathamesh Parab

**Prathamesh Parab** (born 29 November 1993) is an Indian actor who works primarily in Marathi cinema. Before taking the lead in _Timepass_, he made his acting debut with _Balak Palak_. In 2014, he won the Annual Life Ok Screen Awards.

## Education

Parab did his schooling at the M.L Dahanukar College of Commerce in Mumbai where he graduated with a Bachelor in Banking and Insurance.

Prathamesh Parab Gets Engaged To Girlfriend Kshitija Ghosalkar On Valentine's Day.

## Other websites

- Prathamesh Parab at IMDb
- Prathamesh Parab at Bollywood Hungama
- Prathamesh Parab at Rotten Tomatoes

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Prathamesh Parab
- **image**: Prathamesh Parab.jpg
- **birth date**: 29 November 1993
- **birth place**: Mumbai
- **years active**: 2012–present
Yang You (computer scientist)

**Yang You**, born on April 19, 1991, is an Assistant Professor at the National University of Singapore.

## Biography

Yang completed his undergraduate studies at the School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University. He earned his master's degree in Computer Science from Tsinghua University in 2015, and his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 2020 under the guidance of James Demmel. He joined the National University of Singapore as an Assistant Professor in Computer Science and founded a company called HPC-AI Tech, focusing on combining high-performance computing (HPC) technologies with artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance AI productivity.

## Academic works

Yang is recognized for his contributions in large scale optimization. In 2018, he introduced the LARS algorithm, which achieved a new world record for ImageNet training, reducing the training time for AlexNet on ImageNet to just 24 minutes. The following year, he further improved the algorithm and introduced the LAMB algorithm to address its limitations on attention models such as BERT, significantly reducing the training time for BERT from 3 days to 76 minutes.

## Honors and awards

Yang You is a Siebel Scholar and received the ACM/IEEE-CS George Michael Memorial HPC Fellowships in 2017. He was awarded the Lotfi A. Zadeh Prize in 2020 for his notable contributions to soft computing and its applications. He was recognized in Forbes' 30 under 30 Asia list in 2021 and received the IEEE-CS TCHPC Early Career Award.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Yang You
- **image**: Yang You - GAIR 2023.jpg
- **thesis title**: Fast and Accurate Machine Learning on Distributed Systems and Supercomputers
- **thesis url**: https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2020/EECS-2020-136.html
- **thesis year**: 2020
- **known for**: LARS, LAMB
- **awards**: Forbes 30 Under 30 (2021), IEEE-CS TCHPC Early Career Award
- **fields**: Computer Scientist
Bacdafucup

Bacdafucup is the debut album by American hip-hop group Onyx.

It was released in March 30, 1993.