juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Michael O'Donoghue

**Michael O'Donoghue**  (January 5, 1940 – November 8, 1994) was an American writer and performer. He was known for his dark comedy and humor. He was known for his writings for _National Lampoon_ magazine. He was the first head writer of _Saturday Night Live_. He was born in Sauquoit, New York.

O'Donoghue died on November 8, 1994 in New York City of an intracerebral hemorrhage, aged 54.
Sauquoit, New York

**Sauquoit** is a hamlet in the Town of Paris, Oneida County, New York, United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Sauquoit, New York
- **settlement type**: Hamlet (New York), hamlet
- **pushpin map**: New York
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Sauquoit in New York
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name2**: Oneida County, New York, Oneida
- **subdivision type3**: Town
- **subdivision name3**: Paris, New York, Paris
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **elevation m**: 264
- **elevation ft**: 866
- **postal code**: 13456
Paris, New York

**Paris** is a town in Oneida County, New York, United States. The town is in the southeast part of the county and is south of Utica. 4,332 people lived here at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Paris, New York
- **settlement type**: Administrative divisions of New York#Town, Town
- **image skyline**: NY 12 nb starting descent to New Hartford, July 2023.jpg
- **image caption**: New York State Route 12, NY 12 northbound outside of the hamlet of Paris
- **image map**: Oneida County New York incorporated and unincorporated areas Paris highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Oneida County, New York, Oneida County and the state of New York (state), New York.
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name2**: Oneida County, New York, Oneida
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 81.56
- **area land km2**: 81.52
- **area water km2**: 0.04
- **area total sq mi**: 31.49
- **area land sq mi**: 31.48
- **area water sq mi**: 0.02
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 4332
- **population density km2**: 53.14
- **population density sq mi**: 137.63
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 396
- **elevation ft**: 1299
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 13456
- **area code**: Area code 315, 315
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-56330
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0979341
Goddess Bunny

**Sandra "Sandie" Crisp**; (January 13, 1960 – January 27, 2021), also known by her stage name **The Goddess Bunny**, was an American entertainer, drag queen, actress, and model. She was born in Santa Monica, California.

She made her acting debut as Charlean in the 1986 movie _Hollywood Vice Squad_. She made an appearance in the music video for "The Dope Show" by Marilyn Manson.

Crisp was a transgender woman. She was born with polio.

Crisp ran as a write-in candidate for President of the United States in the 2020 election.

Crisp died on January 27, 2021 from problems caused by COVID-19 in Los Angeles, California, at age 61.
The Boys (TV series)

***The Boys*** is an American satirical superhero streaming television series. It is created by Eric Kripke for Prime Video.

It is based on the comic book of the same name by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson, which was originally published by DC Comics. It is about vigilantes with superpowers who abuse their abilities.

It stars Karl Urban, Jack Quaid, Laz Alonso, Tomer Capon, Karen Fukuhara, Antony Starr, Erin Moriarty, Dominique McElligott, Chace Crawford, Jessie T. Usher and Nathan Mitchell.

The series premiered on July 26, 2019.
Erin Moriarty (actress)

**Erin Elair Moriarty** (born June 24, 1994) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Annie January / Starlight in the Amazon Prime Video series _The Boys_ (2019–present).

## Other websites

- Erin Moriarty  at TV.com

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Jessica Jones 2015 NYCC panel 3 (cropped).jpg
- **name**: Erin Moriarty
- **caption**: Erin Moriarty at New York Comic Con in 2015
- **birth name**: Erin Elair Moriarty
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2010–present
Chace Crawford

**Christopher Chace Crawford** (born July 18, 1985) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Nate Archibald on The CW's teen drama series _Gossip Girl_. In 2019, he appeared as the Deep in the Amazon Prime Video original series _The Boys_.

## Early life

Crawford was born in Lubbock, Texas. His father, Chris, is a dermatologist, and his mother, Dana, is a teacher. He has a younger sister, former Miss Missouri USA winner and Miss USA contestant Candice Crawford. Crawford was raised a Southern Baptist. While his father was a medical student, Chace lived in Bloomington, Minnesota, for four years, attending Ridgeview Elementary School. When his father completed his training, the family moved back to Texas and settled in Plano, a suburb of Dallas.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Chace Crawford
- **image**: Chace Crawford 2012 Shankbone.JPG
- **caption**: Crawford at the premiere _What to Expect When You're Expecting (film), What to Expect When You're Expecting_ in 2012
- **birth name**: Christopher Chace Crawford
- **birth place**: Lubbock, Texas, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 2006–present
Afro-Jamaicans

**Afro-Jamaicans** are Jamaicans of mainly Sub-Saharan African descent. They presently represent the largest ethnic group in the country.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Afro-Jamaicans
- **pop**: **2,471,946** (2011 census)
70% of the Jamaican population
- **langs**: Jamaican Patois, Jamaican English
- **rels**: **Afro-Jamaican religions**
Convince, Jamaican Maroon religion, Kumina, Rastafari
**Popular religions**
Mainly Christianity with minorities of Irreligion, Rastafari, Rastafarism, Judaism or Islam
- **related**: Afro-Caribbean people, Afro-Caribbean, Ethnic groups in Africa, West/Central Africans, African Americans, Black British, Black Canadians
Hurricane Anna (1961)

**Hurricane Anna** hit Central America and the Windward Islands in July 1961. Anna was the first tropical cyclone and first hurricane of the 1961 hurricane season. Anna developed on July 20 from an easterly wave in the Intertropical Convergence Zone over the Windward Islands.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Anna
- **basin**: Atlantic
- **type**: Category 2 Hurricane SSHWS
- **category**: cat2
- **image location**: Hurricane Anna 1961.JPG
- **formed**: June 20 1961
- **dissipated**: July 25 1961
- **1-min winds**: 90
- **pressure**: 976
- **fatalities**: 1 direct
- **damages**: 5.6
- **year**: 300000
- **areas**: Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, western Cuba, Yucatan Peninsula, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida Panhandle, Georgia (U.S. State), Georgia
- **hurricane season**: 1961 Atlantic hurricane season
- **image name**: Hurricane Anna satellite image jpg
Online encyclopedia

An **online encyclopedia**, also called an **internet encyclopedia**, or a **digital encyclopedia**, is an encyclopedia accessible through the internet. Such as Wikipedia, which is an example of an encyclopedia, just online.

## Digitization of old content

On 25 October 1993, Rick Gates created Interpedia to the PACS-L (Public-Access Computer Systems Forum) Listserv. That message included the following musings:

- "The more I thought about this, the more I realized that such a resource, containing general, encyclopedic knowledge for the layman, would be an important tool for some types of research, and for the Net.Citizenry in general.
- "Ahh.. but what about contributors... where will you find authors to write the short articles you need? Well, I'd first have to start out by finding some way of communicating with an extremely diverse set of people... everyone from linguists, to molecular biologists, from animal rights activists to zymurgists, and from geographers to gas chromotographers. Guess what? :-) The Net provides just such an arena! So I thought about it some more...and came to the conclusion that this is a good idea!"

In January 1995, Project Gutenberg started to publish the ASCII text of the _Encyclopædia Britannica_, 11th edition (1911), but disagreement about the method halted the work after the first volume.<sup>_[citation needed_]</sup> For trademark reasons this has been published as the _Gutenberg Encyclopedia_.<sup>[_citation needed_]</sup> Project Gutenberg later<sup>[_when?_]</sup> restarted work on digitising and proofreading this encyclopedia. Project Gutenberg has published volumes in alphabetic order. The most recent publication is _Volume 17 Slice 8: Matter–Mecklenburg_ published on 7 April 2013.<sup>[_needs update_]</sup> The latest _Britannica_ was digitized by its publishers, and sold first as a CD-ROM, and later as an online service.

In 2001, ASCII text of all 28 volumes was published on _Encyclopædia Britannica_ Eleventh Edition by source; a copyright claim was added to the materials included. The website no longer exists.

Other digitization projects have made progress in other titles. One example is _Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)_ digitized by the Christian Classics Ethereal Library.

A successful digitization of an encyclopedia was the Bartleby Project's online adaptation of the _Columbia Encyclopedia_, Sixth Edition, in early 2000 and is updated periodically.

Other websites provide online encyclopedias, some of which are also available on Wikisource, but which may be more complete than those on Wikisource, or maybe different editions (see List of online encyclopedias).
Piccadilly Incident

***Piccadilly Incident*** is a 1946 British drama movie directed by Herbert Wilcox and starring Anna Neagle, Michael Wilding, Coral Browne, Edward Rigby, Leslie Dwyer, Brenda Bruce, Reginald Owen, Roger Moore, Michael Medwin.

## Other websites

- _Piccadilly Incident_ at IMDb
Bengal Fan

The **Bengal Fan**, also known as the **Ganges Fan**, is the largest submarine fan on Earth. The fan is about 3,000 km (1,900 mi) long, 1,430 km (890 mi) wide. It has a maximum thickness of 16.5 km (10.3 mi). The fan was formed by the erosion of the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau. This happened because of the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. Most of the sediment in the fan comes from the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers which supply the Lower Meghna delta in Bangladesh and the Hoogly delta in India. The oldest sediments gotten from the Bengal fan are from Early Miocene age.

The fan was first discovered by bathymetric survey in the sixties by Bruce C. Heezen and Marie Tharp which identified the abyssal cone and canyon structures. It was named by Joseph Curray and David Moore in 1968.
One Wild Oat

***One Wild Oat*** is a 1951 British comedy movie directed by Charles Saunders and was based on the play of the same name by Vernon Sylvaine. It stars Robertson Hare, Stanley Holloway, Sam Costa, Andrew Crawford, Robert Moreton, Audrey Hepburn, Roger Moore.
Mirkelam

**Fergan Mirkelam **(born 20 May 1966, Istanbul) is a Turkish singer. He first became known with his song "Her Gece" ("Every Night") in 1995.

## Albums

- _Mirkelam_ (31 May 1995)
- _Joker_ (1998)
- _Unutulmaz_ (2001)
- _Kalbimde Parmak İzin Var_ (2004)
- _Mutlu Olmak İstiyorum_ (2006)
- _RRDP_ (Rakın Rol Disko Parti) - with Kargo (Sony Music 2010)
- _Denizin Arka Yüzü_ (2013)
- _Mirkelam Şarkıları_ (2017, tribute album)
Haynesville, Louisiana

**Haynesville** is a small town in Claiborne Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Secret Beyond the Door...

***Secret Beyond the Door...*** is a 1947 American thriller movie directed by Fritz Lang and starring Michael Redgrave, Joan Bennett, Marie Harmon, Anne Revere, Barbara O'Neil, Natalie Schafer, Paul Cavanagh, Anabel Shaw, James Seay, Rosa Rey. It was distributed by Universal Pictures.
Merryville, Louisiana

**Merryville** is a small town in Beauregard Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Hurricane Gladys (1968)

**Hurricane Gladys** was the first Atlantic hurricane to be observed each by the Hurricane Hunters, radar imagery, and photographs from space. The seventh named storm and fifth hurricane of the 1968 season, Gladys formed on October 13 in the western Caribbean from a broad disturbance related to a tropical wave.

## Related pages

- 1968 Atlantic Hurricane season
- Hurricanes in Florida

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Gladys
- **basin**: Atlantic
- **type**: Category 1 hurricane SSHWS
- **category**: cat1
- **image location**: Hurricane Gladys 1968-10-17 Apollo 7.jpg
- **formed**: October 13, 1968
- **dissipated**: October 21, 1968
- **1-min winds**: 75
- **damages**: 1420
- **year**: 8.7
- **areas**: Cuba, Southeastern United States (Florida landfall (meteorology), landfall), Nova Scotia
- **hurricane season**: 1968 Atlantic hurricane season
- **inflated**: 0
Krotz Springs, Louisiana

**Krotz Springs** is a small town in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Sunset, Louisiana

**Sunset** is a small town in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Arnaudville, Louisiana

**Arnaudville** is a small town in St. Landry and St. Martin parishes in the U.S. state of Louisiana.
Grand Coteau, Louisiana

**Grand Coteau** is a small town in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Leonville, Louisiana

**Leonville** is a small town in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Melville, Louisiana

**Melville** is a small town in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Port Barre, Louisiana

**Port Barre** is a small town in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Our Town (movie)

***Our Town*** is a 1940 American romantic drama movie directed by Sam Wood and was based on the 1938 play of the same name by Thornton Wilder. It stars William Holden, Martha Scott, Fay Bainter, Beulah Bondi, Thomas Mitchell, Guy Kibbee, Stuart Erwin, Frank Craven and was nominated for 6 Academy Awards in 1941.
Gleðibankinn

**"Gleðibankinn"** (English translation: "Bank of Fun") is a song by ICY. Singers Eiríkur Hauksson, Helga Möller and Pálmi Gunnarsson were part of the band. It was the first Icelandic entry and the first song in Icelandic at the Eurovision Song Contest, being performed at Eurovision Song Contest 1986.

The music is positive. It talks about "the bank of fun", which is said to be where people's happiness is found, and not "your empty blues". And because happiness is stored in a bank, it can be taken out at any time when someone is feeling depressed.

Before the song was submitted, all three members performed the song. Only Pálmi Gunnarsson performed the song in the Icelandic finals.

It was the sixth song to be performed, after the United Kingdom's Ryder with "Runner In The Night" and before the Netherlands' Frizzle Sizzle with "Alles heeft ritme". When voting closed, it had 19 points, placing 16th out of 20 countries.

The next song performed for Iceland was Hægt og hljótt by Halla Margrét, which was performed at Eurovision Song Contest 1987.

## Infobox (song contest entry)

- **song**: "Gleðibankinn"
- **year**: 1986
- **country**: Iceland
- **artist**: Helga Möller,
Eiríkur Hauksson,
Pálmi Gunnarsson
- **as**: ICY
- **language**: Icelandic
- **composer**: Magnús Eiríksson
- **lyricist**: Magnús Eiríksson
- **conductor**: Gunnar Þórðarsson
- **place**: 16th
- **points**: 19
- **lyrics**: [http://www.diggiloo.net/?1986is from Diggiloo Thrush]
- **next**: Hægt og hljótt
- **next link**: Hægt og hljótt
Shunning

**Shunning** is the rejection of a person. It is usual in some religious groups to cut people off if they do not believe the beliefs or follow the rules of the group. It has been used in industrial action (strikes) and as a punishment in certain societies.

### Catholicism

The Catholic Church used shunning until the Code of Canon Law of 1983 was enacted. The practice of inquisition is famous.

### Amish

In the Amish religion, shunning is a form of church discipline. It is used to punish members who have broken rules.

### Jehovah's Witnesses

According to author Andrew Holden, many Jehovah's Witnesses who want to quit the church choose to stay because they fear being shunned and losing contact with loved ones.

### Church of Scientology

The Church of Scientology asks its members to quit all communication with Suppressive Persons. (These are people who the Church identifies as critics or opponents of Scientology). The practice of shunning in Scientology is termed _disconnection_.

In the United States, the Church has tried to argue in court that disconnection is a constitutionally protected religious practice. However, the court rejected this argument, saying the pressure put on individual Scientologists to disconnect means it is not voluntary.

### Islam

In Islam, if a Muslim abandons Islam through their words or actions, they have committed apostasy (,  or , ). Examples of apostasy include converting to another religion or non-acceptance of faith by a person who was born in a Muslim family or who had previously accepted Islam.

Classical Islamic law called for apostates to be executed, but Islamic scholars disagree about how apostasy should be punished in modern times.

## Tax implications

In many countries, religions get huge financial advantages by being recognised as religions. They are not taxed, or have much reduced taxes. In the United States, the Establishment Clause of the US Constitution prevents the US government and (through the Bill of Rights) the 50 state governments from imposing church taxes. In 1947, the US Supreme Court ruled  that "No tax in any amount, large or small, can be levied to support any religious activities or institutions, whatever they may be called, or whatever form they may adopt to teach or practice religion." This explains why organisations such as Scientology wish to be classified as religions.

## Related pages

- Excommunication
Esparron, Hautes-Alpes

**Esparron** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D20 road passes through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Esparron
- **intercommunality**: Tallard-Barcillonnette
- **area km2**: 24.11
- **elevation max m**: 1830
- **elevation min m**: 795
- **elevation m**: 975
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **image**: Deoule-source.JPG
- **mayor**: Patrick Allec
- **postal code**: 05110
- **insee**: 05049
- **canton**: Tallard
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Esparron 05.svg
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
Espinasses

**Espinasses** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D55 and D900B roads pass through the commune.

## Location

The commune borders the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Espinasses
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Serre Ponçon
- **area km2**: 13.86
- **elevation max m**: 1730
- **elevation min m**: 637
- **elevation m**: 652
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Francine Michel
- **postal code**: 05190
- **insee**: 05050
- **canton**: Chorges
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Espinasses.svg
- **caption**: The church and the village of Espinasses
- **image**: Espinasses05-10.JPG
Jodie Comer

**Jodie Marie Comer** (born 11 March 1993) is an English actress and producer. She is most famous for her role as Oksana Astankova / Villanelle in the BBC drama spy thriller series _Killing Eve_ (2018–2022). She has garnered critical acclaim for her performance on the series and won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series and the British Academy television award for Best Actress.

Comer's other notable roles include Chloe Gemell in the E4 comedy-drama series _My Mad Fat Diary_ (2013–2015), Kate Parks in the BBC One drama series _Doctor Foster_ (2015–2017), Ivy Moxam in the BBC Three drama miniseries _Thirteen_ (2016), and Elizabeth of York in the Starz historical miniseries _The White Princess_ (2017).

### Movie

|Year|Title|Role|class=unsortable|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2012|_The Last Bite_|Marcie|Short movie||
|2013|_In T'Vic_|Holliday|Short movie||
|2017|_England Is Mine_|Christine|||
|rowspan="2"|2019|_Either Way_|Madam|Short movie|
|_Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker_|Miramir, Rey's mother|Cameo|||
|rowspan="2"|2021|_Free Guy_|Millie Rusk / Molotov Girl||
|_The Last Duel_|Marguerite de Carrouges||||
|rowspan="2"|2023|The End We Start From|Woman|Also executive producer|
|The Bikeriders|Kathy Bauer||||
|style="background:#FFFFCC;"|2025|28 Years Later|TBA|Post-Production|
|style="background:#FFFFCC;"|TBA|The Last Disturbance of Madeline Hynde|TBA|Filming|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jodie Comer
- **image**: Jodie comer 2023 1.jpg
- **caption**: Comer in June 2023
- **birth name**: Jodie Marie Comer
- **birth place**: Liverpool, Merseyside, England
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **years active**: 2007–present
- **signature**: File:Jodie Comer signature.svg
Sylvirana maosonensis

The **Mao-son frog** or **Maoson frog** (_Sylvirana maosonensis_) is a frog from China, Laos and Vietnam.
Hurricane Hilda

**Hurricane Hilda** was an intense tropical cyclone that ravaged areas of the United States Gulf Coast, particularly Louisiana. In addition to its damage inland, the hurricane greatly disrupted offshore oil production, and at its time was the costliest tropical cyclone for Louisiana's offshore oil production.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Hilda
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 1964
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Hurricane Hilda Oct 1 1964.jpg
- **image name**: Hilda at peak intensity on October 1
- **image alt**: Black and white satellite image of a well-defined tropical cyclone at center left with sprawling rainbands. Due to the angle of the photo taken, the limb of the Earth is visible at far left.
- **extratropical**: October 4
- **1-min winds**: 120
- **pressure**: 941
- **damages**: 126
- **inflated**: 1
- **fatalities**: 38
- **hurricane season**: 1964 Atlantic hurricane season
Kotowice, Masovian Voivodeship

**Kotowice** is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brwinów, within Pruszków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  west of Brwinów,  west of Pruszków, and  west of Warsaw.

The village has a population of 100.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kotowice
- **settlement type**: Village
- **total type**:  
- **image skyline**: File:Kotowice, kapliczka 1.jpg
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name**: Poland
- **subdivision type1**: Voivodeships of Poland, Voivodeship
- **subdivision name1**: Masovian Voivodeship, Masovian
- **subdivision type2**: Powiat, County
- **subdivision name2**: Pruszków County, Pruszków
- **subdivision type3**: Gmina
- **subdivision name3**: Gmina Brwinów, Brwinów
- **pushpin map**: Poland
- **population total**: 100
Chabestan

**Chabestan** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D48, D49, D448, D548 and D994 roads pass through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Chabestan
- **intercommunality**: Deux Buëch
- **area km2**: 12.2
- **elevation max m**: 1360
- **elevation min m**: 715
- **elevation m**: 734
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Anne-Marie Gros
- **postal code**: 05400
- **insee**: 05028
- **canton**: Serres
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **caption**: The Roc de Longue Dent
- **image**: Chabestan01.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Chabestan.svg
Cervières, Hautes-Alpes

**Cervières** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D89T and D902 roads pass through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Cervières
- **intercommunality**: Briançonnais
- **area km2**: 109.68
- **elevation max m**: 3294
- **elevation min m**: 1375
- **elevation m**: 1620
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Thierry Ducurtil
- **postal code**: 05100
- **insee**: 05027
- **canton**: Briançon-1
- **arrondissement**: Briançon
- **image coat of arms**: Blasonville fr Cervières 05.svg
- **caption**: A view of the church of Saint-Michel-et-Saint-Mammès and the church of Saint-Michel
- **image**: Cervières -501.jpg
Fouillouse

**Fouillouse** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D19 and D119 roads pass through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Fouillouse
- **intercommunality**: Tallard-Barcillonnette
- **area km2**: 7.24
- **elevation max m**: 1081
- **elevation min m**: 599
- **elevation m**: 830
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: André Bontemps
- **postal code**: 05130
- **insee**: 05057
- **canton**: Tallard
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Fouillouse.svg
- **caption**: The town hall of Fouillouse
- **image**: Fouillouse-mairie-52.JPG
Sigoyer, Hautes-Alpes

**Sigoyer** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D19 and D219 roads pass through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Sigoyer
- **area km2**: 24.38
- **elevation max m**: 2000
- **elevation min m**: 639
- **elevation m**: 1060
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Maurice Ricard
- **postal code**: 05130
- **insee**: 05168
- **canton**: Tallard
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Sigoyer05.svg
- **caption**: A view of the south side of the Corniche de Céüse, Céûse, seen from Sigoyer
- **image**: SigoyerHA001.jpg
Furmeyer

**Furmeyer** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D20 and D320 roads pass through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Furmeyer
- **area km2**: 14.27
- **elevation max m**: 1661
- **elevation min m**: 817
- **elevation m**: 915
- **intercommunality**: Deux Buëch
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **mayor**: Raymond Uzes
- **postal code**: 05400
- **insee**: 05060
- **canton**: Veynes
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Furmeyer.svg
Le Glaizil

**Le Glaizil** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D57 and D57L roads pass through the commune.

## Location

The commune borders the Isère department.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Le Glaizil
- **intercommunality**: Valgaudémar
- **area km2**: 21.93
- **elevation max m**: 2570
- **elevation min m**: 774
- **elevation m**: 862
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Jean-Pierre Gauthier
- **postal code**: 05800
- **insee**: 05062
- **canton**: Saint-Bonnet-en-Champsaur
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **caption**: Ruins of the Castle of Lesdiguières
- **image**: Château_Lesdiguières_Le_Glaizil.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Le Glaizil.svg
Charkh

***Charkh*** ( lit. "wheel") is an Iranian television talk show that has aired on IRIB TV4 since 2015. Each episode focuses on scientific topics and is approximately 75 minutes in length. The series airs every working day-night (six days a week).

## Theme

The show is aired live and nationwide every evening during the weekdays according to the Iranian calendar on Channel 4. Shahryar Rabbani and Milad Nouri perform as presenters and the program in each episode hosts guest(s) from the Iranian scientific community in one of the following fields:
- Technology and engineering
- Medical science
- Fundamental science
- Cognitive sciences, philosophy, and history of science
- Environment and natural resources

The program is an interactive discussion between the host and the guest rather than a monologue stream and the discussion may be enriched with presentations, slide shows, movie clips, or graphics related to the subject. In Charkh it has been aimed to present an attractive science-based discussion using a live program with a language compatible with the appetite of Iranian youth.

## Other websites

- episodes on Aparat.com
- Milad Nouri talks about copyright
- Milad Nouri talks about machine learning

## Infobox (name module)

- fa
- چرخ


## Infobox (television)

- **creator**: Maryam Firoozi
- **starring**: Shahryar Rabbani, Milad Nouri (Developer and TV Host), Milad Nouri, Iman Vakili as host
- **country**: Iran
- **language**: Persian
- **num episodes**: 200+
- **executive producer**: Mahdi Boroomand
- **runtime**: 50 minutes
- **network**: Channel 4 (Iran), Channel 4 (Iran)
Lardier-et-Valença

**Lardier-et-Valença** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D19, D420 and D1085 roads pass through the commune.

The A51 autoroute also passes through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Lardier-et-Valença
- **intercommunality**: Tallard–Barcillonnette
- **area km2**: 14.86
- **elevation max m**: 1482
- **elevation min m**: 548
- **elevation m**: 815
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Rémi Costorier
- **postal code**: 05110
- **insee**: 05071
- **canton**: Tallard
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Lardier-et-Valenca.svg
- **caption**: The town hall of Lardiers-et-Valença
- **image**: Lardiers-et-Valença, mairie.jpg
Manteyer

**Manteyer** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D18, D118 and D118L roads pass through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Manteyer
- **intercommunality**: Buëch Dévoluy
- **area km2**: 25.63
- **elevation max m**: 1974
- **elevation min m**: 890
- **elevation m**: 1040
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **image**: Manteyer-mairie.JPG
- **mayor**: Robert Pauchon
- **postal code**: 05400
- **insee**: 05075
- **canton**: Veynes
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Manteyer.svg
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **caption**: The town hall in Manteyer
Praise-God Barebone

**Praise-God Barebone** (or **Barbon** or **Barbone**) about 1598–1679, was an English leather-seller, and a preacher. He was influential when Oliver Cromwell ruled Britain.

His name is recalled in the Barebone's Parliament of the English Commonwealth of 1653. The Commonwealth was the political structure from 1649 to 1660. England and Wales, later with Ireland and Scotland, were governed as a republic. This was after the end of the Second English Civil War, and the trial and execution of Charles I of England.

Barebone was elected to the Common Council of the City of London from 1657. In 1660, Barebone endeavoured to prevent the Restoration of the English monarchy and in July, a petition he had made calling for Members of Parliament to 'deny rule by Charles II or any other single person' was reprinted in a royalist tract called The Picture of the Good Old Cause Drawn to the Life.  As a result, Barebone was arrested on 25 November 1661 and charged with treason. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London but freed in July 1662 after a petition from his wife pleading his illness.

Barebone died towards the end of 1679 and was buried on 5 January 1680 in the parish of St Andrew Holborn.
Tallard

**Tallard** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D45, D46, D119, D219, D346, D942 and N85 roads pass through the commune.

## Location

The commune borders the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tallard
- **intercommunality**: Tallard–Barcillonnette
- **area km2**: 15.02
- **elevation max m**: 1121
- **elevation min m**: 570
- **elevation m**: 604
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Jean-Michel Arnaud
- **postal code**: 05130
- **insee**: 05170
- **canton**: Tallard
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Tallard.svg
- **caption**: The village of Tallard
- **image**: Tallard001.jpg
Schadenfreude

**Schadenfreude** comes from the German word by the same name. It literally translates to harm joy. It is the happiness that somebody gets when somebody else is hurt. Psychologists theorize that there are three causes for this emotion. Aggression, rivalry, or justice. Aggression-based schadenfreude happens because seeing someone else's group fail makes them feel better about themselves. Rivalry-based schadenfreude happens because seeing someone else fail makes them feel better about themselves. These may seem similar, but the difference is in that aggression is related to in-group and out-group identities, and rivalry is based on individuals. The last form is justice-based schadenfreude. This happens because people feel happy that someone bad is being punished. They feel good that the bad person is getting what they deserve.

## Related pages

- Self-esteem
- Tall poppy syndrome
- Jealousy
- Sadism
- Revenge
Kitty Foyle

***Kitty Foyle*** (also known as ***The Natural History of a Woman***) is a 1940 American romantic drama movie directed by Sam Wood and was based on the 1939 novel of the same name by Christopher Morley. It stars Ginger Rogers, Dennis Morgan, James Craig, Gladys Cooper, Eduardo Ciannelli, Ernest Cossart, Walter Kingsford, Cecil Cunningham, Edward Fielding, Odette Myrtil and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. It was nominated for 5 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1941.
Action in the North Atlantic

***Action in the North Atlantic*** (also known as ***Heroes Without Uniforms***) is a 1943 American World War II drama movie directed by Lloyd Bacon and starring Humphrey Bogart, Raymond Massey, Ruth Gordon, Alan Hale Sr., Julie Bishop, Sam Levene, Dane Clark, Peter Whitney. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1944.
Montgardin

**Montgardin** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D93, D93L, D614, D942 and N94 roads pass through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Montgardin
- **intercommunality**: Avance
- **area km2**: 15.32
- **elevation max m**: 1420
- **elevation min m**: 772
- **elevation m**: 839
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Roger Mamo
- **postal code**: 05230
- **insee**: 05084
- **canton**: Chorges
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **caption**: A view of the church in the village of Montgardin
- **image**: montgardin01.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Montgardin.svg
Spillway

A **spillway** is a construction to release extra water from a dam, in a way that this water does not cause damage. Each dam has a maximum capacity. Water that is more than this capacity cannot be stored, and has to be released. A spillway allows to do this in a safe way.
Nicola Stephenson

**Nicola Stephenson** (born 5 July 1971) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the roles of Margaret Clemence in the Channel 4 soap opera _Brookside_ (1990–1994), and Julie Fitzjohn in the BBC medical drama series _Holby City_ (1999–2001).

Stephenson also portrayed Sarah Williams in the BBC drama series _The Chase_ (2006–2007), Allie Westbrook in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2014), and Tess Harris in the ITV soap opera _Emmerdale_ (2015–2016).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nicola Stephenson
- **image**: File:Malcolm ridley Nicola Stephenson WarHorse Ted & Rose Narracott.jpg
- **caption**: Malcolm Ridley and Nicola Stephenson in _WarHorse_ as Ted & Rose Narracott
- **birth place**: Oldham, Lancashire, England
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1987–present
- **spouse**: Paul Stephenson
- **children**: 2
Neil Pearson

**Neil Joshua Pearson** (born 27 April 1959) is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Dave Charnley in the Channel 4 comedy series _Drop the Dead Donkey_ (1990–1998), Tony Clark in the BBC One police drama series _Between the Lines_ (1992–1994), Michael Caddick in the BBC One drama series _All the Small Things_ (2009), Vaughan Fitzgerald in the BBC One school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2014–2015), and Jonathan in the BBC One drama series _In the Club_ (2014–2016). His film appearances include all three of the _Bridget Jones_ films (2001–2016). He is also an antiquarian book dealer who specialises in the expatriate literary movement of Paris between the World Wars.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Neil Pearson
- **birth name**: Neil Joshua Pearson
- **birth place**: London, England
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1980–present
Lauren Drummond

**Lauren Emma Drummond** (born 23 December 1987) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the roles of Mika Grainger in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2006–2008, 2024), and Chantelle Lane in the BBC medical drama series _Holby City_ (2011–2013, 2016).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lauren Drummond
- **birth name**: Lauren Emma Drummond
- **birth place**: Stockport, Cheadle Hulme, Greater Manchester, England
- **nationality**: English people, English
- **occupation**: Actress
- **known for**: _Waterloo Road (TV series), Waterloo Road_
 _Holby City_
- **years active**: 2001–present
Adam Thomas

**Adam Thomas** (born 11 August 1988) is an English actor. He is best known for portraying the roles of Donte Charles in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2006–2009, 2023–present), and Adam Barton in the ITV soap opera _Emmerdale_ (2009–2018).

## Early life

Born and raised in Salford, Thomas is of British, Indian and Caribbean heritage.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Adam Thomas
- **image**: Adam Thomas at Ullswater Community College.jpg
- **caption**: Thomas in 2014
- **birth place**: Salford, Greater Manchester, England
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 2002–present
- **children**: 2
- **relatives**: Ryan Thomas (brother)
Ryan Thomas

**Ryan James Thomas** (born 10 June 1984) is an English actor, known for portraying the role of Jason Grimshaw in the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_, which he played from 2000 until 2016. In 2018, he appeared as Rafael Humphreys in the Australian soap opera _Neighbours_, and also won the twenty-second and final series of _Celebrity Big Brother_.

## Early life

Born and raised in Salford, Thomas is of British, Indian and Caribbean heritage.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Ryan Thomas 2.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Ryan Thomas in 2009
- **birth name**: Ryan James Thomas
- **birth place**: Salford, Greater Manchester, England
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 2000–present
- **domesticpartner**: Tina O'Brien (2003–2009)
 Lucy Mecklenburgh (2017–present; engaged)
- **children**: 2
- **relatives**: Adam Thomas (brother)
I Love You, California

**"I love you, California"** is the state song of California.

The lyrics were written in 1913 by Francis Beatty Silverwood, and the music was composed by Abraham Franklin Frankenstein in the same year. The song was first performed by Mary Garden in 1915 on the first ship to pass through the Panama Canal. The song was adopted by California's legislature in 1951, and the song got statutory recognition in 1988 after the copyright had expired.

## Infobox (anthem)

- **image**: ILoveYouCalif.jpg
- **title**: I love you, California
- **prefix**: Regional
- **music date**: 1913
- **adopted**: 1951
- **composer**: A. F. Frankenstein
- **lyrics date**: 1913
- **author**: F. B. Silverwood
- **caption**: Cover of the sheet music from 1913
- **sound**: "I Love You, California" - Regional anthem of California.ogg
- **sound title**: Instrumental version of _I Love You, California_
Inland Empire

The **Inland Empire** is a metropolitan area and region in inland Southern California, centering on San Bernardino County and Riverside County, which borders Los Angeles County to the east.

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Inland Empire was a major center of agriculture, including citrus, dairy, and winemaking. Agriculture declined in the twentieth century. Since the 1970s a rapidly growing population came in search of affordable housing. This led to more residential, industrial, and commercial development. The area has a population of about four million.

The majority of Inland Empire’s immigrants are from Mexico, the Philippines, El Salvador, Vietnam and Guatemala.
San Bernardino Valley

The **San Bernardino Valley** () is a valley in Southern California.
Sophie (musician)

**Sophie Xeon** (September 17, 1986 – January 30, 2021), known by the stage name **SOPHIE**, was a Scottish music producer, singer, songwriter, and DJ. She was known for her innovative and experimental approach to pop and electronic music.

## Style

SOPHIE's music style was described as a "hyperkinetic" and futuristic take on pop. She became known for her unique sound, combining synthetic textures with emotional vocals. Some of her most popular songs include _Bipp_ (2013) and _Lemonade_ (2014).

## Personal life

SOPHIE was a transgender woman. She came out publicly in 2017 with the release of her song and video _It's Okay to Cry_, which was celebrated for its vulnerability and openness.

## Death

On 30 January 2021, at the age of 34, Sophie fell three floors from the rooftop of a building in Athens, Greece while attempting to take a picture of the full moon. She died at around 4:00 AM.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: SOPHIE
- **birth name**: Sophie Xeon
- **image**: Sophie YOLA DÍA 2019 2 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Sophie performing at YOLA DÍA festival, 2019
- **birth place**: Glasgow, Scotland
- **death place**: Athens, Greece
- **years active**: 2009–2021
Irene (1940 movie)

***Irene*** is a 1940 American musical movie directed by Herbert Wilcox and was based on the 1919 musical of the same name by James Montgomery. It stars Anna Neagle, Ray Milland, Roland Young, Alan Marshal, May Robson, Billie Burke, Arthur Treacher, Marsha Hunt, Isabel Jewell and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1941.
Subtext

**Subtext** is what is not said, but implied or suggested. It is something understood by the reader, watcher, or listener. of the work.

Subtext suggests controversial subjects without being too obvious. This is especially true in comedy, but it is also common in science fiction. It can be easier and safer to make social critiques if it is set in another time and place.

Subtext is meaning hidden "under" ("sub")  the actual dialog or text. To understand subtext the audience must "read between the lines" and infer meaning.
Bahrum Daido

**Bahrum Daido** (30 September 1964 – 2 January 2021) was an Indonesian politician. He was a member of People's Representative Council from 2009 to 2019. Daido was member of Democrat Party. He was born in Palopo, South Sulawesi.

Daido died on 2 January 2021 from problems caused by COVID-19 in Jakarta, aged 56.
Ben Nsibandze

**Benjamin Mshamndane Nsibandze** (17 June 1931 – 13 January 2021) was a Swazi politician. He was Deputy Prime Minister. He was acting Prime Minister of Swaziland from 25 October 1979 to 23 November 1979.

Nsibandze died on 13 January 2021 at the age of 89.
Giles Constable

**Giles Constable** (1 June 1929 – 17 January 2021) was a British historian of the Middle Ages. He was mainly interested in the religion and culture of the 11th and 12th centuries. He mainly focused on Cluny Abbey and its abbot Peter the Venerable. Constable was born in London.

Constable died on 17 January 2021 in Princeton, New Jersey at the age of 91.
Alan J. Hoffman

**Alan Jerome Hoffman** (May 30, 1924 – January 18, 2021) was an American mathematician. He was the founding editor of the journal _Linear Algebra and its Applications_. He helped create the Hoffman–Singleton graph.

Hoffman died on January 18, 2021 at the age of 96.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Alan Hoffman
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **fields**: Mathematics
- **workplaces**: Thomas J. Watson Research Center
City University of New York
- **alma mater**: Columbia University
- **doctoral advisor**: Edgar Lorch
- **thesis title**: On the Foundations of Inversion Geometry
- **thesis year**: 1950
- **awards**: John von Neumann Theory Prize <small>(1992)</small>
Harold Widom

**Harold Widom** (September 23, 1932 – January 20, 2021) was an American mathematician. He was best known for his works to operator theory and random matrices. He was appointed to the Department of Mathematics at the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1968 and became professor emeritus in 1994. He was born in Newark, New Jersey.

In 2006, Widom became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Widom died on January 20, 2021 at the age of 88.
Mont-Dauphin

**Mont-Dauphin** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

It is known for the Fortress of Mont-Dauphin. The fortress was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008.

### Road

The D137 and D137T roads pass through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Mont-Dauphin
- **intercommunality**: Guillestre
- **area km2**: 0.58
- **elevation max m**: 1035
- **elevation min m**: 898
- **elevation m**: 1050
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Gilbert Fioletta
- **postal code**: 05600
- **insee**: 05082
- **canton**: Guillestre
- **arrondissement**: Briançon
- **image coat of arms**: Blason MontDauphin.svg
- **caption**: Fort
- **image**: Montdauphin001.jpg
Eygliers

**Eygliers** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D37, D37L, D137, D137T, D237, D337, D902 and N94 roads pass through the commune.

### Rail

The commune has a railway station called Montdauphin-Guillestre.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Eygliers
- **intercommunality**: Guillestrois
- **area km2**: 30.04
- **elevation max m**: 2670
- **elevation min m**: 881
- **elevation m**: 1029
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Jean Morel
- **postal code**: 05600
- **insee**: 05052
- **canton**: Guillestre
- **arrondissement**: Briançon
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Eygliers.svg
- **caption**: The church of Saint-Antoine, in Eygliers
- **image**: Saint-antoine Eygliers.jpg
Marie Harmon

**Marie Harmon** (October 21, 1923 – January 25, 2021) was an American actress and businesswoman. She worked mainly in the 1940s during the Golden Age of Hollywood. She was best known for her lead role in the 1946 American Western movie _The El Paso Kid_. Her first movie role was in the 1943 movie _Hers to Hold_. Harmon was born in Oak Park, Illinois.

Harmon died in Los Angeles on January 25, 2021 of natural causes at the age of 97.
La Faurie

**La Faurie** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D28, D428 and D1075 (E712) roads pass through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: La Faurie
- **area km2**: 31.44
- **elevation max m**: 2063
- **elevation min m**: 780
- **elevation m**: 876
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **image**: LaFaurie05-paysage.JPG
- **mayor**: Jean-Louis Cornand
- **postal code**: 05140
- **insee**: 05055
- **canton**: Serres
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **image coat of arms**: Blasonville fr La Faurie 05.svg
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
La Fare-en-Champsaur

**La Fare-en-Champsaur** is a commune in the Hautes-Alpes department.

### Road

The D17, D217, D945 and N85 roads pass through the commune.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: La Fare-en-Champsaur
- **area km2**: 10.27
- **elevation max m**: 2082
- **elevation min m**: 949
- **elevation m**: 900
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **mayor**: Alain Ivaldy
- **postal code**: 05500
- **insee**: 05054
- **canton**: Saint-Bonnet-en-Champsaur
- **arrondissement**: Gap
- **caption**: Town hall and post office
- **image**: La Fare-mairie51.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Fare-en-Champsaur.svg
Stephan P. Mickle

**Stephan P. Mickle** (June 18, 1944 – January 26, 2021) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida from 1998 until his death. He was chief justice of the court from 2009 to 2011. Mickle was nominated to the court by President Bill Clinton. Mickle was born in New York City.

Mickle died on January 26, 2021 in Gainesville, Florida at the age of 76.