juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lesser Antilles

The **Lesser Antilles** (also known as the **Caribbees**) are a group of islands between the eastern edge of the Caribbean Sea and the western Atlantic Ocean. They are east and south of the Greater Antilles. Some of the islands are also just off the northern coast of South America. Unlike the Greater Antilles, which are made up of continental rock, the Lesser Antilles, are mostly young volcanic or coral islands.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **image map**: LocationLesserAntilles.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location within the Caribbean.
- **subdivision type**: Region
- **subdivision name**: Caribbean
- **subdivision type1**: Island country, Island States
- **settlement type**: Caribbean, Region of the Caribbean
- **area total km2**: 13,012
- **population as of**: 2009
- **population total**: 3,735,636
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population demonym**: Lesser Antillean
- **timezone**: Atlantic Standard Time Zone, AST
- **utc offset**: −4
- **timezone dst**: ADT
- **utc offset dst**: −3
Cold front

A **cold front** is a meteorological word describing the movement of a cooler air mass into an area of warmer air. The air with greater density moves under the less dense warmer air, lifting it, which can create a line of showers and thunderstorms, or a squall line to form when there is sufficient moisture. This upward motion causes lowered pressure along the cold front.

On weather maps, the surface position of the cold front is marked with the symbol of a blue line of triangles or spikes pointing in the direction of its movement. Cold fronts can also move up to twice as fast as warm fronts.

## Precipitation

Rain, snow, hail, and other forms of precipitation can happen with cold fronts.

## Effects

Cold fronts can bring dry and colder air behind it. Temperatures can drop to 15 °F behind cold fronts, and it can get very windy.
Separating funnel

A **separating funnel** (also called a separation funnel) is a piece of laboratory glassware. It is usually used to separate two liquids, for example, oil and water.

## Uses

For this example, oil and water will be used:

A mixture of oil and water is put into a separating funnel and then shaken and then left until it becomes stable again. The liquid with higher density, (in this case water), goes to the bottom of the separating funnel (because liquids with higher density sink). When this is done, the bottom of the separating funnel is opened, and the water can flow out, leaving only the oil on top.

## Structure

A separating funnel is a cone shape made from glass but has a half circle, or hemisphere, on top. It has a stopper at the top and tap or hole at the bottom. The size of one can be between 50 millilitres and 3 litres.

## Related pages

- Static mixer

## Other websites

- Use of a separatory funnel or "How to do an upscale extraction", UCLA
Plate reader

**Plate readers**, also known as **microplate readers** or **microplate photometers**, are laboratory equipment used to see any biological, chemical or physical change in samples of chemicals in microtiter plates.

## Process

Most of the time, a very bright lamp shines light to the microtiter well and the chemicals react in special ways which can be measured using special equipment.

Other ways to measure certain things are:
1. How much the chemicals absorb liquid
1. If they glow in certain areas
1. How long does a certain reaction go on for under special conditions

Today, plate readers come with tools for data analysis.

## Uses

Plate readers are used for:
1. To monitor cell growth
1. Acid quantities in chemicals
1. Cell reactions
1. Enzyme activity
1. Cell toxicity
1. Amounts of chemicals in cells
1. Checking substances for drugs

Using these plate readers can help human scientists do their work more efficiently. Plate readers are used mostly in research, to find drugs, and to help test the purity of chemicals in pharmacies and laboratories.

## Related pages

- Microtiter plate
Microtiter plate

A **microtiter plate** (sometimes called a **microplate**) is a flat plate with lots of "wells" used as small test tubes.

## Structure

A microtiter plate is used mostly in laboratories and pharmacies. A microtiter plate could have 6, 24, 96, 384 or even sometimes 1536 wells arranged in rows. Some microplates, used in the industry, have been built with 3456 or sometimes 9600 wells for maximum efficiency. Each well of a microplate can only hold very small amounts of liquid.

## History

The first microplate was made in 1951 by a Hungarian man called Dr. G. Takatsky, who made a microtiter plate with 6 rows of 12 wells (so 72 wells). Microtiter plates started being used in bulk in the late 1950s, a man called John Liner from USA had made a different, but better version. By 1990 more than 15 companies were making microtiter plates.

In 1996, the Society for Biomolecular Screening (SBS) wanted to make the microplate have standards to live up to. And so in 2003, microplates had to have a certain diameter and depth.

Instrument companies have made plate readers which can detect specific biological, chemical or physical changes in chemicals in these plates.

## Related pages

- Plate reader

## Other websites

- http://www.micronit.com/en/products/glass_microfluidic_chips/microtiter_plate.php
- http://www.freewebs.com/immunology/microtiter-plates.html
Bulgarian language

**Bulgarian** (__, [ˈbɤ̞lɡarski ɛˈzik]) is a South Slavic language. It is spoken mainly in Bulgaria and parts of North Macedonia, Serbia, Ukraine and Moldova. The Bulgarian language is similar to the Macedonian and the Serbian languages, which are part of the South Slavic branch of Slavic languages. There are nearly 9 million people in 2011 who use Bulgarian as their main language.

Bulgarian is a part of the so-called Balkan "Sprachbund" or linguistic group, which also includes Greek, Macedonian, Romanian, Albanian, and the Torlakian dialect of the Serbian language. This does not mean the languages are necessarily related, but that they share certain loanwords and grammatical characteristics due to frequent contact over the years.

## Alphabet

|**А а**||**Б б**||**В в**||**Г г**||**Д д**||**Е е**||**Ж ж**||**З з**||**И и**||**Й й**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**К к**||**Л л**||**М м**||**Н н**||**О о**||**П п**||**Р р**||**С с**||**Т т**||**У у**|
|**Ф ф**||**Х х**||**Ц ц**||**Ч ч**||**Ш ш**||**Щ щ**||**Ъ ъ**||**Ь ь**||**Ю ю**||**Я я**|

## Related pages

- Romanization of Bulgarian

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Bulgarian
- **states**: Bulgaria, Turkey, Serbia, Greece, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia and among emigrant communities worldwide
- **region**: Southeastern Europe
- **speakers**: 9 million
- **date**: 2005–2012
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic
- **fam3**: Slavic languages, Slavic
- **fam4**: South Slavic languages, South Slavic
- **fam5**: Eastern South Slavic
- **script**: Cyrillic (Bulgarian alphabet)
Bulgarian Braille
- **nation**:

Mount Athos
- **minority**:
 (Banat Bulgarian dialect, Banatian variant)

- **agency**: [http://www.ibl.bas.bg Institute for the Bulgarian language] at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Институт за български език към Българската академия на науките (БАН))
- **iso1**: bg
- **iso2**: bul
- **iso3**: bul
- **lingua**: 53-AAA-hb < South Slavic languages, 53-AAA-h
Erlenmeyer flask

An **Erlenmeyer flask** or **conical flask** is a kind of flask with a base in the shape of a cone and a short neck. It was first invented in 1861 by a German chemist named Richard Erlenmeyer. Erlenmeyer Flasks are a type of laboratory glassware.

This type of flask is used as a container for chemical substances, or to heat or boil liquids. It does not allow liquids to spill easily. It is also used in titration.
Girlfriend

A **girlfriend** is a term that usually means a female partner in a non-marital relationship. It is less common to use the word "girlfriend" to mean a female friend in a platonic relationship.

## Related pages

- Boyfriend
Native

**Native** could mean:
- _Native_ person, see Indigenous peoples
- Native (ecology), an animal or plant species that comes from a given place
- In computing, _native_ software is software that is written for a specific processor (see native on Wiktionary)
- Native (processing), a CPU processing system
- Native (comics), a character in the X-Men comics universe
- Native (band), a contemporary French R&B band
The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius

***The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius*** is an American computer animated television series. It was shown on the Nickelodeon television network until 2006 (with re-runs airing from April–June 2010 and again in January–May 2011) and currently on Nicktoons. It is a spinoff of the 2001 film, _Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius_  and later got its own spinoff starring Sheen Estevez called _Planet Sheen_ which became its own series in October 2, 2010.

The series is about a young genius named Jimmy Neutron (James Isaac Neutron) who experiments with laboratory equipment which causes trouble to Retroville. He often has to undo the problems this creates.

### Main characters

- **James Isaac "Jimmy" Neutron** is the main character of the series. He is an eleven-year old genius with an IQ of 210. His friends are Carl Wheezer and Sheen Estevez
- **Goddard** is Jimmy's mechanical canine pet. He helps him on his destructive tasks he has accidentally done to Retroville. He chronically resembles a Smooth Fox Terrier.
- **Carl Wheezer (Carlton Ulysses Wheezer)** is an overweight friend of Jimmy who is obsessed with llamas (as well as capybaras in the official movie).
- **Sheen Juarrera Estevez** is one of Jimmy's best friends who is hyperactive with very little attention span. He is obsessed with a character known as Ultra Lord, even going so far as to write the entire Ultra Lord website on the Internet.
- **Cindy Vortex (Cynthia Aurora Vortex)** is Jimmy's rival and love interest. She constantly is rude to Jimmy and calls him names like "nerdtron". In the third and final season, they began to be with each other and love one another.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Jimmy Neutron Boy Genius logo.svg
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **creator**: John A. Davis
Steve Oedekerk
- **theme music composer**: Brian Causey
- **composer**: Charlie Brissette
- **executive producer**: Steve Oedekerk
- **country**: United States
- **network**: Nickelodeon
- **num seasons**: 3
- **num episodes**: 61
- **list episodes**: List of The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius episodes
Concordia, Kansas

**Concordia** is a city in north-eastern Kansas, USA. It has been the county seat of Cloud County since 1871.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Concordia, Kansas
- **settlement type**: City and County seat
- **image skyline**: ConcordiaKansasPostOffice2007.jpg
- **image caption**: Concordia Post Office (2007)
- **image map**: Cloud_County_Kansas_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Concordia_Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location within Cloud County, Kansas, Cloud County and Kansas
- **image map1**: Map of Cloud Co, Ks, USA.png
- **map caption1**: Kansas Department of Transportation, KDOT map of Cloud County, Kansas, Cloud County (:File:Kansas official transportation map legend.png, legend)
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Kansas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Kansas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Cloud County, Kansas, Cloud
- **subdivision type3**: List of townships in Kansas, Township
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1870
- **established title1**: Platted
- **established date1**: 1871
- **established title2**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1872
- **named for**: Concordia, Missouri
- **government type**: Commission-Manager
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: City Manager
- **area total sq mi**: 4.50
- **area land sq mi**: 4.50
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 11.66
- **area land km2**: 11.66
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **elevation ft**: 1385
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 5111
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 66901
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **area code**: Area code 785, 785
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 20-15200
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS ID
- **blank1 info**: 485559
Indigenous peoples

**Indigenous people** are the original people who lived in a region before settlers. Indigenous people are also called **aborigines**, **Native people**, **First People**, **First Nations**, and **Autochthonous**.

The United Nations prefers to use the phrase _Indigenous people_ because other phrases may be pejorative and give a bad image.

Many indigenous people were oppressed during colonialism. They were treated very poorly. Colonial settlers often robbed the indigenous treasures and took their lands. Some indigenous people were made slaves or killed by colonial settlers.

Colonialism often encourages indigenous people to believe the propaganda that they are of a lower social class than the new settlers. As a result, indigenous people can grow up to believe that they are of a lower social class or less important. Indigenous people sometimes have to fight for their own land, their own history, human rights and equality.

## Related pages

- Human rights
- Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
- Native Americans
- Indigenous Australians

### Institutions

- UNEP Indigenous Knowledge Study
- Survival International
- Cultural Survival
- Rural poverty and indigenous peoples on Rural Poverty Portal, powered by IFAD
- IFAD and indigenous peoples (International Fund for Agricultural Development, IFAD)
- UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UN PFII)
- Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP)
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)- Indigenous peoples
- UNESCO Actions in favour of Indigenous Peoples
- International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA)
- Asia Pacific Indigenous Youth Network (APIYN)
- Development Gateway Indigenous Issues Topic Page
- Human Rights Internet- Indigenous issues
- Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation
- European Network for Indigenous Australian Rights (ENIAR)
- Indigenous Peoples' Center for Documentation, Research and Information (docip)
- Diplomacy Monitor - Indigenous Peoples
- IPS Inter Press Service  News on indigenous peoples from around the world

### Indigenous studies

- UNEP Indigenous Knowledge Study
- University of Burgundy (France) Indigenous Studies (Formation Peuples Autochtones)
- WWW Virtual Library- Indigenous studies resources
- Center for World Indigenous Studies (CWIS)
- African Pygmies studies Anthropological fieldwork about Pygmies
- A History of Aboriginal Treaties and Relations in Canada This site includes contextual materials, links to digitized primary sources and summaries of primary source documents.
- Articles on Theory of Property Rights and the Environment
Low pressure area

A **low pressure area**, or **low** for short, is a word used in meteorology (the study of weather) that means a place where the atmospheric pressure is lowest compared to the surrounding area. Coriolis effect causes winds to blow counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in southern hemisphere. This makes storms like tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones, subtropical cyclones, and subpolar cyclones. They are called "**low-pressure cells**" in some English-speaking countries.
Hillfort

A **hill fort** is an ancient fortified refuge or defended settlement. It was usually in a place that rises from the surrounding area, given the name. This is done to exploit the rise for military advantage. The fortification usually follows the shape of the hill. Usually it is made of one or more lines of earthworks. There may also be  stockades or defensive walls, and external ditches.Maiden Castle in Dorset is the largest of around 1000 hill forts built in Britain in the Iron Age. In a hill fort, the entrance through the inner ramparts had massive timber gates. The inner rampart was 14m high and topped by a fence of huge, upright timbers. It was faced with big, limestone blocks.

Hill forts were built since the Stone Age. They are most common during later periods though:
- Urnfield culture (c. 1300 BC - 750 BC) Bronze Age
- Hallstatt culture (c. 1200 BC - 500 BC) late Bronze Age to early Iron Age
- La Tene culture (c. 600 BC - 50 AD) late Iron Age

There are many different kinds of hill forts, they were very common. In Europe, the Celts used them for a very long time.
Troy, Michigan

**Troy, Michigan** is a city in Michigan, United States. It is a suburb of the larger city of Detroit, and has over 85,000 residents. Many companies have offices in the city. It is where the world headquarters for Kmart used to be.
Gin

**Gin** is a type of alcoholic drink with a high amount of alcohol in it, usually about 35-50% alcohol by volume. It was invented in the Netherlands in the 17th century, and soon became very popular in England. This became a problem when many people drank themselves to death, because gin was cheap to make and contained so much alcohol.

Gin is flavored with juniper berries. Today, gin is usually a dry liquor, which means that it is not very sweet. Gin is also very popular in cocktails - two of the most common of these are the Gin & Tonic (gin mixed with tonic water) and the martini (gin mixed with vermouth, usually with an olive added). Gin is still one of the most popular liquors to this day.
Girl

A **girl** is a young female human, either a child or a teenager. Little girls still have the body of a child. It is not until they reach puberty (which starts at age 12 on average) that their bodies start to mature and they become a woman. During puberty, a girl develops breasts, their hips and shoulders widen and they begin to have periods.

## Overview

The word "girl" was used a long time ago by some people called Anglo-Saxons. Sometimes older people still refer to grown up women as "girls", especially in expressions such as "a night out with the girls". According to some Abrahamic derived traditions, the first girl that ever existed was Luluwa.

The opposite of a girl is a boy. A boy is a male child who will grow into a man.

The way girls are brought up will vary a lot between different cultures. In Western cultures, a girl traditionally wears a dress or skirt. However, many girls wear trousers (pants) these days, like boys, especially when dressed informally. Girls often grow their hair longer than boys, although this can vary a lot according to quickly changing fashions.

## Related pages

- Woman
- Girlfriend
Myspace

**Myspace** is a social networking website owned by News Corp. Digital Media where people can communicate using messages, video and photo uploads, blogs, social groups, and music. Myspace was founded in 2003 and used to be the 24th most popular website in the world. Myspace was popular with young people between 2005 and 2010. MySpace's head office is in New York City.

## Controversy

Some people think Myspace is a bad site, because it makes personal information very easy to find. Many parents do not like Myspace. They would like it to shut down. Myspace says that they are a safe place for all people, and has rules to keep people safe.

NBC's Dateline has a "_To Catch a Predator_" series that talks about Myspace's safety problems. Although Myspace has many contradictions against them, they have not shut down.

## About

Myspace Inc. is a web page where individuals can communicate, and exchange information with their network of friends. Users can set up a personal profile, which can be changed, and new graphics and pictures and additional material can be added. All members can upload pictures to share with their friends, and others have permission to comment on their pictures and uploaded materials.

Also the user can choose to play games on, and post blogs to share with their friends and family.

Myspace has users all over the world which includes:

- Australia
- New Zealand
- France
- Germany
- Ireland
- Italy
- Japan
- Mexico
- Spain
- Canada
- The United Kingdom
- The United States

## Other websites

- Myspace homepage

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Myspace LLC
- **logo**: Myspacelogo2013.svg
- **logo size**: 240px
- **website type**: Social networking service
- **company type**: Subsidiary
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **revenue**: $109 million (2011 est.)
- **owner**: Viant Technology LLC
- **employees**: 150
- **registration**: Required
- **language**: #International, 14 languages
- **current status**: Active
Jagex

**Jagex** (Java Gaming Experts) is a company that makes computer games. Its most famous game is _Runescape_.

Jagex, known for RuneScape, has also released several casual games on its FunOrb portal and other titles. The company has changed ownership multiple times, including ownership by U.S. investors from 2012 to 2016, Chinese investors from 2016 to 2020, Macarthur Fortune Holding LLC in 2020, and is currently owned by The Carlyle Group.

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: Jagex Ltd.
- **company type**: Private company, Private
- **foundation**: December 2001 (used as a trading name since 1999)
- **location**: Cambridge, United Kingdom
- **key people**: Mark Gerhard, Andrew Gower, Paul Gower, Constant Tedder, Geoff Iddison.
- **industry**: Computer and video game industry, Interactive entertainment, Massively multiplayer online game, MMORPG, Software consultancy and supply.
- **products**: _RuneScape_
_Runescape Classic_
_FunOrb_
- **num employees**: 350+
- **homepage**: http://www.jagex.com/
Ella Enchanted

***Ella Enchanted*** is a Newbery Honor book. It was written by Gail Carson Levine. It was published in 1997. It is also the title of the American movie based on the novel, released April 9, 2004. The movie was directed by Tommy O'Haver and starred Anne Hathaway and Hugh Dancy. The story is a retelling of _Cinderella_ featuring various mythical creatures including elves, ogres, dwarves and giants.
Exploitation

**Exploitation** means using things that are available in order to benefit from it. It is usually used in a bad sense, although it can be used in a good sense as well.

If a person _exploits_ a situation it means that they realize that they can use it to do something which will be good for them. Very often this also means that it will be bad for other people. So the first person exploits the situation and also exploits the other people.

People, especially proletariat or unskilled workers, can be exploited through a sweatshop. This means that someone else uses the people's knowledge or skills in order to make them do something for them. Socialists (or communists) often talked about the "exploitation of the masses" when they were saying that Capitalism was bad. They meant that a few rich people were using all the working people to do hard work for them but paying them very little. The employers then sold the products for more money and kept the extra as profits so that they themselves could become rich.

Exploiting people still goes on today.

## Related pages

- Das Kapital
- Human trafficking
People (magazine)

***People*** is a weekly American magazine of celebrity and human interest stories. It is published by Time Inc. As of 2006, it had a circulation of 3.75 million. It was named "Magazine of the Year" by _Advertising Age_ in October 2005, for very good editorial, circulation and advertising. _People_ ranked #6 on Advertising Age's annual "A-list" and #3 on Adweek's "Brand Blazers" list in October 2006.
Eye of Horus

The **Eye of Horus** was an important symbol in ancient Egypt. It was the symbol of protection and Royal Power from Ra or Horus.

Horus was an ancient Egyptian sky god in the form of a falcon. The right eye represents a peregrine falcon's eye and the markings around it. This includes the "teardrop" marking sometimes found below the eye. As the wadjet (also udjat or utchat), it also represented the sun, and was associated with the Sun God Ra (Re). The "mirror image", or left eye, represented the moon and the God Tehuti (Thoth).

## In arithmetic

In the ancient Egyptian measurement system, the Eye Of Horus defined an Old Kingdom rounded off number one(1) = 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + 1/32 + 1/64, by throwing away 1/64.

- 1/2 was represented by smell. This was symbolized by the right side of the eye in a form of the nose.

- 1/4 was represented by sight or the sensation of light. This was symbolized by the pupil.

- 1/8 was represented by thought. This was symbolized by the eyebrow.

- 1/16 was represented by hearing. This was symbolized by the left side of the eye in the form of an arrow pointing towards the ear.

- 1/32 was represented by taste, by the sprouting of wheat or grain from the planted stalk. This was symbolized by a curved tail.

- 1/64 was represented by touch. This was symbolized by a leg touching the ground, or what can also be thought of as a strong plant growing into the surface of the earth.

## Other websites

- Eye of Horus fractions
- www.themystica.com
Ani (god)

In Etruscan mythology, **Ani** is god of the sky. He is shown as living in the highest heaven. He is sometimes shown with two faces, possibly showing a link with the Akkadian god Anu and the Roman god Janus.

## References

- Jordan, Michael _Encyclopedia of Gods: Over 2,500 Deities of the World_ New York: Facts on File 1993
- Fischer, Richard James _Historical Genesis: from Adam to Abraham_ University Press of America, 2007
Tecophilaea

***Tecophilaea*** is a genus of plants in the family _Tecophilaeaceae_. It has two species. One of them, Chilean Blue Crocus (_T. cyanocroccus_), is at risk (IUCN Red List).
Propolis

**Propolis** **' „for“ y **' „city“ is a wax-like resinous substance collected by honey bees from tree buds (e.g. poplar) or other plant-related sources and used as cement and to seal cracks or open spaces in the beehive. It can also kill bacteria.
Home and Away

***Home and Away*** (often called ***H&A***) is an Australian soap opera that has been made in Sydney by the Seven Network since July 1987. The show first aired on 17 January 1988 with a two hour pilot. It is set in Summer Bay, a fictional town in New South Wales. It stars Samara Weaving with Jessica Falkholt and Cornelia Frances.

Some of the characters in the show are John, Braxton, Heath, Alf, Irene and Matilda.
Anthony Hopkins

**Sir** **Philip Anthony Hopkins** CBE (born 31 December 1937) is a Welsh actor of movies, theatre and television. He is very famous for many roles in movies, especially as Hannibal Lecter in _The Silence of the Lambs_. He has won an Academy Award, three BAFTA Awards, two Emmys and the Cecil B. DeMille Golden Globe Award.

In 2011, Hopkins played Odin in the MCU movie _Thor_. In 2019, he played Pope Benedict XVI in the Netflix movie _The Two Popes_.

Hopkins was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1993 for services to the arts. He gained US citizenship in 2000, whilst retaining his British citizenship. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2003, and was made a Fellow of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 2008.

Hopkins won a fifth BAFTA Award and a second Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for _The Father_ (2020), becoming the oldest Best Actor winner to date.

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Sir
- **name**: Anthony Hopkins
- **honorific suffix**: <small>Commander of the Order of the British Empire, CBE</small>
- **image**: Anthony Hopkins Red Sea Festival 2025 Portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Anthony Hopkins in December 2025
- **birth place**: Margam, Port Talbot, Wales
- **birth name**: Philip Anthony Hopkins
- **years active**: 1960–present
Turner Classic Movies

**Turner Classic Movies** (**TCM**) is a cable television channel featuring commercial-free classic movies, mostly from the Turner Entertainment and Warner Bros. film libraries, which include many MGM, United Artists, RKO and Warner Bros. titles. Movie historian Robert Osborne used to host the channel until his retirement in early 2016.

## Other websites

- TCM US
- TCM Canada
Internet Broadway Database

The **Internet Broadway Database** (**IBDb**) is an online database of Broadway theatre productions and their personnel. It is operated by the Research Department of the League of American Theatres and Producers, a trade association for the North American commercial theatre community.

## Other websites

- Internet Broadway Database Official Website
- League of American Theatres and Producers
Farben Lehre

**Farben Lehre** is a Polish punk rock band. The band was started in 1986 in Płock, Poland.

## Discography (only albums)

- 1991 - Bez pokory
- 1993 - My maszyny
- 1994 - Samo życie (live)
- 1995 - Nierealne ogniska
- 1995 - Insekty
- 1996 - Zdrada
- 1996 - Garażówka
- 2001 - Atomowe zabawki
- 2001 - Wiecznie młodzi
- 2003 - Bez pokory / My maszyny
- 2003 - Pozytywka
- 2004 - Insekty / Zdrada
- 2005 - Farbenheit
- 2006 - Farben Lehre
- 2008 - Snukraina
- 2009 - Ferajna

## Other websites

- Official Homepage

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Farben Lehre
- **image**: Rocket Festiwal 2014 Farben Lehre 3132.jpg
- **caption**: Rocket Festiwal 2014
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Płock
- **genre**: Punk rock
Reggae rock
Alternative rock
- **years active**: 1986–Present
- **label**: Arston
D'Art Hause
Music Corner Records
Psy Wojny Records
MKM
Dywizja Kot & MTJ
Offmusic
Rockers Publishing
- **url**: http://farbenlehre.plocman.pl/
- **current members**: Wojciech Wojda
Konrad Wojda
Filip Grodzicki
Adam Mikołajewski
- **past members**: Marek Knap
Piotr Kokoszczyński
Paweł Nowak
Piotr Bartuś
Bogdan Pawłowski
Krzysztof Sieczkowski
Bogdan Kiciński
Irek Bukowski
Paweł Małecki
Jacek Trafny
Robert Chabowski
Billy Crystal

**Billy Crystal** (born March 14, 1948) is a Golden Globe Award-nominated and Emmy Award-winning American actor, writer, producer, comedian, singer, movie director and television host. He became famous in the 1970s for playing Jodie Dallas on the ABC Comedy-drama, _Soap_.  Crystal was a castmember of Saturday Night Live.  He became a Hollywood movie star during the late 1980s and the 1990s, appearing in the box office successes _When Harry Met Sally..._ and _City Slickers_.

## Other websites

- Billy Crystal appears on Michael Eisner's talk show on CNBC

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Billy Crystal
- **image**: Billycrystal.JPG
- **birth place**: New York City, USA
- **occupation**: Actor, writer, producer, director, singer, comedian, television host
- **children**: Jennifer Crystal
Lindsay Crystal
- **known for**: Acting roles:

*"Jodie Dallas" in _Soap (TV series), Soap_
*Various characters in _Saturday Night Live_
*"Miracle Max" in _The Princess Bride (movie), The Princess Bride_
*"Harry Burns" in _When Harry Met Sally..._
*"Mitch Robbins" in _City Slickers_ and _City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold, City Slickers II_
*"Mike Wazowski" in _Monsters, Inc._
- **awards**: **Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance in Special Events**
 1989 _The 31st Annual Grammy Awards_

**Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing in a Variety or Music Program**
 1990 _Midnight Train to Moscow_
 1991 _The 63rd Annual Academy Awards_
 1992 _The 64th Annual Academy Awards_
**Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program**
 1991 _The 63rd Annual Academy Awards_
 1998 _The 70th Annual Academy Awards_
Carmen Electra

**Tara Leigh Patrick** (born April 20, 1972), professionally known as **Carmen Electra**, is an American actress, model, singer and media personality. Dubbed a "sex symbol" and "pop culture icon", Electra came to widespread recognition for playing Lani McKenzine in _Baywatch_ (1998–1999) and for her work in 2000s parody films.  She also appeared in the films _Get Over It_ (2001), _Starsky & Hutch_ (2004), _Cheaper by the Dozen 2_ (2005) and _Hot Tamale_ (2006), hosted the MTV show _Singled Out_ (1997–1999) and featured with The Pussycat Dolls as a guest dancer on _VH1 Divas 2004._

## Filmography

- _American Vampire_ (1997)
- _Good Burger_ (1997)
- _Starstruck_ (1998)
- _The Chosen One: Legend of the Raven_ (1998)
- _The Mating Habits of the Earthbound Human_ (1999)
- _Christmas Vacation 2000_ (1999)
- _Scary Movie_ (2000)
- _Sol Goode_ (2001)
- _Perfume_ (2001)
- _Get Over It_ (2001)
- _Rent Control_ (2002)
- _Whacked!_ (2002)
- _Uptown Girls_ (2003)
- _My Boss's Daughter_ (2003)
- _Starsky & Hutch_ (2004)
- _Mr. 3000_ (2004)
- _Max Havoc: Curse of the Dragon_ (2004)
- _Monster Island_ (2004)
- _Dirty Love_ (2005)
- _Lil' Pimp_ (2005) (direct-to-DVD) (voice)
- _Searching for Bobby D_ (2005)
- _Getting Played_ (2005)
- _Cheaper by the Dozen 2_ (2005)
- _Date Movie_ (2006)
- _Scary Movie 4_ (2006)
- _Hot Tamale_ (2006)
- _lonelygirl362436_ (2006)
- _National Lampoon's Pledge This!_ (2006)
- _Epic Movie_ (2007)
- _I Want Candy_ (2007)
- _Full of It_ (2007)
- _Vaya par de productorex_ (2007)
- _Christmas in Wonderland_ (2007)
- _Meet the Spartans_ (2008)
- _Last Call at Murray's_ (2008)
- _Disaster Movie_ (2008)
- _Leisure Suit Larry: Box Office Bust_ (2009) (voice)
- _Mardi Gras_ (2009)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Carmen Electra
- **height**: 5 ft 4 in
- **image**: Carmen Electra 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Electra in 2013
- **birth place**: Ohio, Sharonville, Ohio, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, model, singer, media personality
- **yearsactive**: 1993–present
- **birthname**: Tara Leigh Patrick
- **spouse**: Dennis Rodman (1998–1999)
 Dave Navarro (2003–2007)
- **partner**: Rob Patterson (2008–present)
Calista Flockhart

**Calista Kay Flockhart** (born on November 11, 1964) is an American actress. She was nominated for an Emmy Award. Flockhart won a Golden Globe award in 1998. She was on soap operas and other television shows. She is famous for her role as the main character in the 1997-2002 television show, _Ally McBeal_. She played Sally Field's daughter, Kitty Walker, on the successful ABC drama, _Brothers & Sisters_. She played a political campaign adviser.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Calista Flockhart
- **image**: Calista Flockhart at the 2009 Deauville American Film Festival-01.jpg
- **birth place**: Freeport, Illinois United States
- **alma mater**: Mason Gross School of the Arts, Rutgers University
- **occupation**: Actress
- **children**: Liam
- **parents**: Ronald Flockhart
 Kay Calista
- **spouse**: Harrison Ford (2010-present)
- **known for**: Acting roles:
**Ally McBeal** in _Ally McBeal_
**Kitty Walker** in _Brothers & Sisters (2006 TV series), Brothers & Sisters_
Dwight Schultz

**William Dwight Schultz** (born November 24, 1947 in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American stage, television and movie actor. He is known for his roles as Captain "Howling Mad" Murdock on the hit 1980s action show _The A-Team_, and Reginald Barclay in _Star Trek: The Next Generation_, _Star Trek: Voyager_ and the movie _Star Trek: First Contact_ and Lester in _The Powerpuff Girls_.

## Other websites

- Official Website and Forum of Dwight Schultz

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Dwight Schultz
- **image**: Dwight_Schultz 2.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Schultz in 2006
- **birth place**: Baltimore, Maryland, United States, U.S.
- **birthname**: William Dwight Schultz
- **occupation**: Actor, voice actor
- **years active**: 1977 – present
- **notable works**: " 'Howling Mad' Murdock" in
_The A-Team_
"Reginald Barclay" in
_Star Trek: The Next Generation_ and _Star Trek: Voyager_
- **spouse**: Wendy Fulton (1983-2007)
- **children**: Ava Schultz
Fred Savage

**Frederick Aaron Savage** (born July 9, 1976) is an Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award-nominated American actor and television director. He is best known for his role as Kevin Arnold in _The Wonder Years_.

## Other websites

- Picture Gallery
- Fred Savage at NNDB
- World Poker Tour Profile

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Fred Savage
- **image**: FredSavage1989.jpg
- **caption**: Savage in 1989
- **birth place**: Highland Park, Illinois, U.S.
- **years active**: 1985–present
- **birth name**: Frederick Aaron Savage
- **alma mater**: Stanford University
- **occupation**: Actor, director, producer
- **spouse**: Jennifer Lynn Stone
(2004–present)
- **children**: 3
- **relatives**: Ben Savage (brother)
Kala Savage (sister)
Gene Kelly

**Eugene Curran Kelly** (August 23, 1912 – February 2, 1996), better known as **Gene Kelly**, was an American dancer, actor, singer, director, and choreographer.

He was a great example of 20th century filmed dance, famous for his energetic and athletic dancing style, his good looks and the like able characters that he played on screen. Although he is probably most famous today for his act in _Singin' in the Rain_, he was the most popular actor in the Hollywood musical movie industry from the mid 1940s to the early 1980s. Kelly died of a stroke on February 2, 1996.

## Other websites

- The Gene Kelly Awards - University of Pittsburgh
- Obituary, NY Times, February 3, 1996
- Naval Intelligence File on Gene Kelly
- Gene Kelly - An American Life  - PBS

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gene Kelly
- **image**: Gene kelly.jpg
- **birth name**: Eugene Curran Kelly
- **birth place**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
- **yearsactive**: 1931–1994
- **spouse**: Betsy Blair (1941-1957)
Jeanne Coyne (1960-1973)
Patricia Ward (1990-1996)
Islamic fundamentalism

**Islamic fundamentalism** is supporting usage of Islamic laws, based on the Quran and hadiths in law.
Golden Globe Awards

The **Golden Globe Awards** are American awards for motion pictures and television programs, given out each year during a formal dinner. Run since 1944 by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA), the awards are a major part of the film industry's "awards season" which ends each year with the Oscars and Screen Actors Guild Awards. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars and Grammys. The Golden Globes has grown to one of the highest honors for actors and actresses.

The Golden Globes are awarded early in the year, based on votes from (as of 2005) 86 part-time journalists living in Hollywood and who work for media based outside of the United States.

Foreign television shows can be considered if they are the result of a financial and creative co-production with a U.S. partner.

## Movie awards

- Best Motion Picture – Drama: since 1943 (separated genre in 1951)
- Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy: since 1951
- Best Motion Picture – Foreign Language: since 1948
- Best Motion Picture – Animated: since 2006
- Best Director – Motion Picture: since 1943
- Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama: since 1943 (separated genre in 1951)
- Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy: since 1951
- Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama: since 1943 (separated genre in 1951)
- Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy: since 1951
- Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture: since 1943
- Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture: since 1943
- Best Screenplay – Motion Picture: since 1947
- Best Original Score – Motion Picture: since 1947
- Best Original Song – Motion Picture: since 1961
- Cecil B. DeMille Award for Lifetime Achievement in Motion Pictures: since 1951

## Television awards

- Best Television Series – Drama: since 1961
- Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy: since 1961
- Best Miniseries or Motion Picture – Television: since 1971
- Best Actor in a Television Series – Drama: since 1961
- Best Actor in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy: since 1961
- Best Actor in a Miniseries or Motion Picture – Television: since 1981
- Best Actress in a Television Series – Drama: since 1961
- Best Actress in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy: since 1961
- Best Actress in a Miniseries or Motion Picture – Television: since 1981
- Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television: since 1970
- Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television: since 1970
- Carol Burnett Award for Lifetime Achievement in Television: since 2018

## Other websites

- Hollywood Foreign Press Association
- Awards listing  at the Internet Movie Database

## Infobox (award)

- **name**: Golden Globe Awards
- **caption**: The Golden Globe Award trophy
- **current awards**: 81st Golden Globe Awards
- **awarded for**: Excellence in film and television program, television
- **presenter**: Hollywood Foreign Press Association since 1943
- **country**: United States
- **network**: TBD
AllMusic

**AllMusic**, which was known as **All Music Guide** (AMG) before, is a database about music. It is owned by All Media Guide. All Music was created in 1991 by popular-culture archivist Michael Erlewine and mathematician Vladimir Bogdanov, Ph.D., as a guide for people who wish to buy music. They have published a book every year since 1992. All Music was created before the World Wide Web and was possible to consult first as a Gopher site.

## Other websites

- Allmusic
- All Media Guide
- Make it or break it: How a small-town music fetishist turned an obsession into a multimillion-dollar All Media Guide (Metro Times, Detroit)
Gary Coleman

**Gary Wayne Coleman** (February 8, 1968 - May 28, 2010) was an American actor. Coleman was an African American who was born in Zion, Illinois, with a kidney disease causing nephritis. Nephritis is an autoimmune destruction of the kidney. The disease stopped his growth at an early age. Because of this, he was only  tall. His height was his most notable feature. He received two kidney transplants, one in 1973 and one in 1984. He then needed dialysis every day. He was adopted. He was famous for his role as Arnold Jackson in the American sitcom _Diff'rent Strokes_. He died of a hemorrhage cause by an accidental fall in Provo, Utah.

## Movies

|Year|Fil|Other notes||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="1"|1981|_The Adventures of Gary Coleman and Barney the Purple Dinosaur and Jimmy the Giraffe 3D_||
|rowspan="1"|1982|_Jimmy the Kid_||
|rowspan="2"|1994|_Party_|Short subject; Coleman was also associate producer|
|_S.F.W._|Cameo|||
|rowspan="1"|1996|_Fox Hunt_||
|rowspan="1"|1997|_Off the Menu: The Last Days of Chasen's_|Documentary|
|rowspan="1"|1998|_Dirty Work_|Cameo|
|rowspan="2"|2000|_The Flunky_||
|_Shafted!_||||
|rowspan="1"|2002|_Frank McKlusky, C.I._|Cameo|
|rowspan="1"|2003|_Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star_|Cameo|
|rowspan="2"|2004|_Chasing the Edge_|Cameo; short subject|
|_Save Virgil_|Short subject|||
|rowspan="1"|2005|_A Christmas Too Many_||
|rowspan="1"|2006|_Church Ball_||
|rowspan="1"|2007|_Postal_||

## Television work

- _The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air_  (guest) (as Arnold Jackson, with Conrad Bain as Phillip Drummond)
- _Good Times_ (1977 guest)
- _Diff'rent Strokes_ (1978–1986)
- _The Kid from Left Field_ (1979)
- _Scout's Honor_ (1980)
- _Buck Rogers in the 25th Century_ (episode "The Cosmic Wizz-Kid", also has a cameo in a later episode)
- _The Kid with the Broken Halo_ (1982)
- _The Gary Coleman Show_ (1982) (canceled after a few months) (voice)
- _The Kid with the 200 I.Q._ (1983)
- _The Fantastic World of D.C. Collins_ (1984)
- _Playing with Fire_ (1985)
- _Like Father, Like Santa_ (1998)
- _"The Simpsons", "Grift of the Magi"_ (1999)
- _"The Drew Carey Show", "What's Wrong with this Midget? IV" (March 28, 2001)
- _Drake and Josh_ (guest)
- _A Carol Christmas_ (2003)_'
- _My Wife and Kids_ (guest)
- _The Jamie Foxx Show_ (guest) Cupid

## Other websites

- CNN's take on Coleman's 2003 candidacy for the governorship of California
- Rotten.com bio

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Gary Coleman
- **image**: GaryColemanE3May05.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **caption**: Coleman in 2005
- **birthname**: Gary Wayne Coleman
- **birth place**: Zion, Illinois
- **death date**: May 28, 2010 (aged 74)
- **death place**: Provo, Utah, United States
- **height**: 4ft 8in
- **yearsactive**: 1978-2010
- **known for**: Playing **Arnold Jackson** in _Diff'rent Strokes_
Cameo appearance

A **cameo role** or **cameo appearance** (often shortened to just **cameo**) is a brief appearance of a known person in a work of the performing arts, such as plays, movies, video games and television. Such a role does not have to be an actor: short appearances by movie directors, politicians, athletes, and other celebrities are common.

Some examples would be Alfred Hitchcock briefly appearing in some of his movies or Stan Lee always briefly appearing in Marvel-related movies.
Cameo (carving)

A **cameo** is a kind of small sculpture. A cameo has an image in relief. The image is often a different colour to the background. An intaglio is the opposite of cameo.

## History

Cameos with portraits of people were common in the jewellery of Classical Antiquity. This type of cameo was also common in the Renaissance.
George Peppard

**George Peppard, Jr.** (October 1, 1928 – May 8, 1994) was an American movie and television actor.

His roles included in the film _Breakfast at Tiffany's_ (1961), and the television series _The A-Team_, where he was the leader of the group, who was often smoking a cigar.

Peppard had lung cancer and died of pneumonia on May 8, 1994 in Los Angeles.

## Movies

- _The Tigress_ (1992)
- _Ultra Warrior_ (1990)
- _The A-Team_ (1983-1987)
- _Hit Man_ (1982)
- _Race for the Yankee Zephyr_ (1981)
- _Your Ticket Is No Longer Valid_ (1981)
- _Battle Beyond the Stars_ (1980)
- _From Hell to Victory_ (1979)
- _Five Days from Home_ (1979)
- _Damnation Alley_ (1977)
- _Doctors' Hospital_ (1975-76)
- _Mid-Air Crash (TV)_ (1975)
- _Newman's Law_ (1974)
- Banacek (1972-1974)
- _The Groundstar Conspiracy_ (1972)
- _One More Train to Rob_ (1971)
- _Cannon for Cordoba_ (1970)
- _The Executioner_ (1970)
- _Pendulum_ (1969)
- _House of Cards_ (1968)
- _What's So Bad About Feeling Good?_ (1968)
- _P.J._ (1968)
- _Rough Night in Jericho_ (1967)
- _Tobruk_ (1967)
- _The Blue Max_ (1966)
- _The Third Day_ (1965)
- _Operation Crossbow_ (1965)
- _The Carpetbaggers_ (1964)
- _The Victors_ (1963)
- _How the West Was Won_ (1962)
- _Breakfast at Tiffany's_ (1961)
- _The Subterraneans_ (1960)
- _Home from the Hill_ (1960)
- _Pork Chop Hill_ (1959)
- _The Strange One_ (1957)

## Other websites

- George Peppard's Gravesite at Find-A-Grave

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: George Peppard
- **image**: George Peppard (1964).jpg
- **caption**: Peppard in 1964
- **birth name**: George Peppard Jr.
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Pneumonia caused by lung cancer
- **resting place**: Northview Cemetery, Dearborn, Michigan, Dearborn, Michigan
- **alma mater**: Pittsburgh Playhouse
Carnegie Mellon
Purdue University
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 3
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1951–1994
Rotten Tomatoes

**Rotten Tomatoes** is a website dedicated to reviews, information, and news of movies and television series. The name derives from the vaudeville-era cliché of throwing tomatoes and other products at stage performers if a performance was particularly bad. The company has been owned by Flixster, a Warner Bros. company, since May 2011.

As of 2021, the website's editor-in-chief is Joel Meares.

## History

Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12, 1998, as a spare time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was "to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the US".

## Related pages

- Metacritic

## Other websites

- , including a list of approved Rotten Tomatoes Critics  and the Rotten Tomatoes forums

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Rotten Tomatoes
- **logo**: Rotten Tomatoes logo.svg
- **founder**: Senh Duong
- **key people**: Senh Duong
Patrick Y. Lee
Stephen Wang
- **commercial**: Yes
- **type**: Film and television review aggregator and user community
- **registration**: Optional
- **oclc**: 48768329
- **country of origin**: United States