juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Francis Xavier

**Saint Francis Xavier, S.J.** (born **Francisco de Jasso y Azpilicueta**, 7 April 15063 December 1552) was a Spanish Jesuit. He was made a saint by the Catholic church. He is known for his travels to Asia, including Goa and Japan.

## Other websites

- St. Francis Xavier at the Catholic Encyclopedia

## Infobox (saint)

- **name**: Saint
 Francis Xavier, Society of Jesus, SJ
- **image**: Franciscus de Xabier.jpg
- **caption**: A painting of Saint Francis Xavier, held in the Kobe City Museum
- **titles**: Apostle to the Far East
- **birth date**:
Javier, Spain, Javier, Kingdom of Navarre
- **death date**:
Shangchuan Island, Portuguese Base at São João Island
- **feast day**: 3 December 1552
- **venerated in**: Catholic Church, Lutheran Church, Anglican Communion
- **beatified date**: 25 October 1619
- **beatified by**: Pope Paul V
- **canonized date**: 12 March 1622
- **canonized by**: Pope Gregory XV
- **attributes**: crucifix; preacher carrying a flaming heart; bell; globe; vessel; young bearded Jesuit in the company of Saint Ignatius Loyola; young bearded Jesuit with a torch, flame, cross and lily
- **patronage**: African missions; Agartala, India; Ahmedabad, India; Alexandria, Louisiana; Apostleship of Prayer; Australia; Bombay, India; Borneo; Cape Town, South Africa; China; Dinajpur, Bangladesh; East Indies; Fathers of the Precious Blood; foreign missions; Freising, Germany; Goa, India; Green Bay, Wisconsin, Green Bay, Wisconsin; India; Indianapolis, Indiana; Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan; University of Saint Francis Xavier; Sucre, Bolivia; Joliet, Illinois; Kabankalan, Philippines; Nasugbu, Batangas, Philippines; Alegria, Cebu, Alegria, Cebu, Philippines; diocese of Malindi, Kenya; missionaries; Missioners of the Precious Blood; Navarre, Spain; navigators; New Zealand; parish missions; plague epidemics; Propagation of the Faith; Zagreb, Croatia; Indonesia; Malacca; Malaysia; Mongolia; Sri Lanka
Mutopia Project

The **Mutopia Project** is a volunteer-run effort to create a library of free content sheet music, in a way similar to Project Gutenberg's library of public-domain books.

## Related pages

- Open music
- Free content

## Other wbesites

- Mutopia Project home page
- Mutopia Project mirror (USA)
- Mutopia Project mirror (Portugal)
- [ftp://ibiblio.org/pub/multimedia/mutopia/ Mutopia Project archive via ftp]
Muirfield

**Muirfield** is a golf course in East Lothian, Scotland, near Edinburgh. It is often used for The Open Championship.

## Other websites

- Muirfield website
Northern Catalonia

**Northern Catalonia** (, ) is a name that sometimes is used, mainly in Catalan writings, to refer to the territory given to France by Spain in 1659. The area corresponds approximately to the modern French _département_ of the Pyrénées-Orientales.

The French name, _Catalogne Nord_, is used nowadays, although less often than the more politically neutral **Roussillon** (in reference to the pre-Revolutionary province). Sometimes **French Catalonia** is also used.

## Geography

Northern Catalonia forms a triangle between the Pyrenees to the south, the Corbières to the north-west and the Mediterranean Sea to the east. The Plain of Roussillon in the east, by far the area where more people live, is formed by the floodplains of the Tech, Têt and Agly rivers (). The districts of Vallespir and Conflent cover the upper valleys of the Tech and the Têt respectively. The mountain Le Canigou (), , dominates much of the territory.

The climate is of the Mediterranean type, with hot, dry summers and winters which are relatively mild, at least on the Roussillon plain where snow is rare.

More of a quarter of the population of Northern Catalonia is in the city of Perpignan (). Perpignan is the only important administrative and service centre. Roads and trains run north–south through Northern Catalonia between France and Spain.

## Languages

French is the only official language in France as whole and in these municipalities. Catalan, in its Northern Catalan variety, is recognized as a regional language only by the region of Languedoc-Roussilon. It is estimated to be spoken by a quarter of the population, but understood by a higher percentage.

In 1700, the government of Louis XIV prohibited the use of the Catalan language in official documents.

In the 1950s, after centuries of being forbidden in education, the Catalan language was permitted to be studied for one hour per week in secondary school. In the 1970s, the Arrels Association and Bressola network of private schools started to offer complete bilingual French/Catalan classes from nursery up to secondary education.

On December 10, 2007, the General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales recognized Catalan as one of the languages of the department, alongside French and Occitan (in Fenouillèdes), with the goal to further promote it in public life and education.

## Other websites

- "Catalunya del Nord"  from the _Enciclopèdia catalana_
- _Qui som els catalans del nord?_ (Who are we Northern Catalans?)
Coach (carriage)

A **coach** is a carriage pulled by two or more horses as a _team_. It is driven by a coachman and/or one or more postilions. The carriage is usually closed (with a roof) and has four wheels.

## Other websites

- Belgian coach museum in Bree
- Coach - LoveToKnow 1911. 1911 Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica.
- Coaches 1750 to 1900. History Learning Site.
- Coaching History  by Anne Woodley
WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgames!

***WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgame$!***, released in Japan as ***Made in Wario*** and in European regions as ***WarioWare, Inc.: Minigame Mania***, is an action video game for the Game Boy Advance. It was developed and published by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on March 21, 2003, in Europe on May 23, 2003, in North America on May 26, 2003, and in Australia on June 6, 2003. It is the first game in the _WarioWare_ series.

In this game, players play "microgames", small minigames that last for only a few seconds. In these games, the player has to figure out what to do to complete them. They are helped by a word or phrase that appears at the beginning of the game. Games can be things such as shooting targets, selecting a multiple choice answer, or surviving until the end. Players are given four lives. If the player runs out of lives, the game ends.

A remake, _WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Party Game$!_, was released for the Nintendo GameCube in 2003.

## Story

- Wario (Introduction)
- Jimmy T. (Sports)
- Mona (Strange)
- Dribble & Spitz (Sci-fi)
- 9-Volt (Nintendo)
- Yellow Jimmy (Remix)
- Dr. Crygor (Reality)
- Kat & Ana (Nature)
- Orbulon (IQ)
- Red Jimmy (Remix 2)
- Wario (Anything Goes)

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgames!
- **developer**: Nintendo R&D1
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **director**: Hirofumi Matsuoka
- **producer**: Takehiro Izushi
- **designer**: Ko Takeuchi
Goro Abe
Ryutaro Takahashi
- **artist**: Ko Takeuchi
- **composer**: Ryoji Yoshitomi
Kyoko Miyamoto
- **series**: _Wario (franchise), WarioWare_
- **platforms**: Game Boy Advance, iQue Player, Virtual Console (Nintendo 3DS, Wii U)
- **released**: **Game Boy Advance:**
**iQue Player:**
**Virtual Console (3DS) (Ambassador Program Release):**
**Virtual Console (Wii U):**

- **genre**: Action game, Action, Rhythm game, rhythm
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
The Flaming Lips

**The Flaming Lips** are an American rock band formed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1983.

## Members

- Wayne Coyne – lead vocals, backing vocals, guitar, keyboards (1983–present)
- Michael Ivins – bass, keyboards, backing vocals (1983–present)
- Steven Drozd – guitar, keyboards, bass, drums, backing vocals, lead vocals (1991–present)
- Kliph Scurlock – drums, percussion (2002–present)
- Derek Brown – keyboards, percussion, guitar, backing vocals (2009–present)

## Discography

- _Hear It Is_ (1986)
- _Oh My Gawd!!!...The Flaming Lips_ (1987)
- _Telepathic Surgery_ (1989)
- _In a Priest Driven Ambulance_ (with Silver Sunshine Stares, 1990)
- _Hit to Death in the Future Head_ (1992)
- _Transmissions from the Satellite Heart_ (1993)
- _Clouds Taste Metallic_ (1995)
- _Zaireeka_ (1997)
- _The Soft Bulletin_ (1999)
- _Yoshimi Battles the Pink Robots_ (2002)
- _At War with the Mystics_ (2006)
- _Once Beyond Hopelessness_ (2008)
- _Embryonic_ (2009)
- _The Dark Side of the Moon_ (2010)
- _The Flaming Lips and Heady Fwends_ (2012)
- _The Terror_ (2013)
- _Lipsha_ (upcoming collaboration album with Kesha)

## Other websites

- Official website
Daniel Llambrich Gabriel

**Daniel Llambrich Gabriel** (born March 14, 1975 in Barcelona) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a disability: he has vision problems and is an S12/B2 type swimmer.  His job in 2008 was working as a coupon seller.  He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics.  He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He finished second in the 4 x 100 meter 49 points medley relay. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.
Hector Lopéz Alonso

**Hector Lopéz Alonso** (born August 19, 1979 in Reinosa, Cantabria) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a physical disability: he is an S2 type swimmer.  He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the 50 meter backstroke race.
Miguel Luque Avila

**Miguel Luque Avila** (born September 21, 1976 in Granollers, Barcelona) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a physical disability: he is an S5 type swimmer.   He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He finished first in the SB3 50 meter breaststroke.  He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He finished first in the SB3 50 meter breaststroke. He finished third in the 4 x 50 meter men's 20 point medley relay.  He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.  He finished third in the SB3 50 meter breaststroke.   He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.  He finished second in the SB3 50 meter breaststroke.
Stacy

**Stacy** (also **Stacey**) [ **stey**-see ] is a mostly female given name, but is used sometimes on males. Several celebrities use this name. They include Stacy Ferguson, Stacey Dash and Stacy London. Fictional people include Stacey Colbert, a character in the television show _Ned & Stacey_. The meanings of this name are disputed. For girls, _Stacy_ means "princess" in Greek. Stacy is a moniker with an extensive lineage, boasting a deep-rooted history and significance. The appellation Stacy is derived from the Greek name Eustace, signifying "fruitful" or "productive." During the medieval era, it was a prevalent name and bestowed upon boys as a symbol of their valor and fortitude. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## People

- Stacy Schiff, American female Author, Pulitzer Prize winner
- Stacy Keibler, American professional wrestler, dancer, and model (born 1979)
- Stacy Keach, American actor
Wilhelm Kempff

**Wilhelm Walter Friedrich Kempff** (25 November 1895 – 23 May 1991) was a German pianist and composer. Although his repertory included Bach, Liszt, Chopin, Schumann, and Brahms, Kempff was often well known for his interpretations of the music of Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert, both of whose complete sonatas he also recorded.

## Recordings

- Beethoven: Piano Sonatas Nos. 1, 12, 19, and 20 (DG LP 138 935; released 1965; recipient of Grand Prix du Disque)
- Schubert: The Piano Sonatas (complete), (DG 463 766-2 (seven compact disks)) recordings made in 1965, '67, '68, '70.

## Autobiography

- Kempff, Wilhelm. _Unter dem Zimbelstern: Jugenderinnerungen eines Pianisten_ ["Under the Cymbal Star: The Development of a Musician" (1951)]. Laaber: Laaber Verlag, 1978.

## Other websites

- Obituary for Wilhelm Kempff, by B. John Zavrel
- Wilhelm Kempff discography by Frank Forman
- Video recordings of Kempff performances, youtube.com
- Wilhelm Kempff playing the 3rd movement of Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata.
- Wilhelm Kempff playing Sonate No. 14, "Moonlight" 1st Movement
José Antonio Mari Alcaraz

**José Antonio Mari Alcaraz** (born October 23, 1988 in Valencia) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a physical disability: he is an S10 type swimmer. In 2012, he lived in San Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona.  He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.   He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. He finished third in the 50 meter S10 freestyle race.
András Schiff

**András Schiff** (born 21 December 1953) is a Hungarian-born British classical pianist and conductor who has won a number of major awards. Since 2011, he has publicly stated criticism of Hungarian government policies.

## Other websites

- Andras Schiff: Beethoven Lecture-recitals at Wigmore Hall, London
- National Public Radio Article
- In Concert on National Public Radio
Courtney

**Courtney** is a given name. It is used for females and used for males. The name is of Norman and Old French origin. It came to England in the late 1060s. The name became a given name during the 17th century. While it can be used for either gender, it is more frequently utilized for girls. The name Courtney is associated with the French courtier, or court attendant, and has been in use since the 1960s. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

It was at first for males. Females did not start getting the name _Courtney_ until after the 1956 publication of "Chocolates for Breakfast". That book is about a woman named Courtney who wishes she had been born male. Courtney is a somewhat common name. People named _Courtney_ include Courteney Cox, Courtney Love and Courtney Thorne-Smith. Fictional characters with the name include Courtney Matthews in the ABC soap opera series _General Hospital_.

### Last name of Courtney

- Bryce Courtenay (1933–2012), Australian novelist
- Duane Courtney (born 1985), English footballer
- Ernie Courtney (1875–1920), American baseball player
- James Courtney (1888–1934), New Zealand Military Cross recipient
- Jan Niecisław Baudouin de Courtenay (1845–1929), Polish linguist, creator of the idea of the phoneme
- Joel Courtney (born 1996), American film actor
- John Edgar Courtney (born 1934), Australian ornithologist
- Mel Courtney, New Zealand Independent politician
- Nicholas Courtney (1929–2011), British television actor
- Roger Courtney, British military officer influential in the establishment of the Special Boat Service
- Tom Courtenay, English actor

### First name of Courtney

- Courtney Alexander (born 1977), American basketball player
- Courtney Anderson (born 1980), American football player
- Courtney Babcock (born 1972), Canadian runner
- Courtney Hodges (1887–1966), United States Army general
- Courtney Kennedy (born 1979), American ice hockey player
- Courtney Lawes (born 1989), English rugby union player
- Courtney Lee (born 1985), American basketball player
- Courtney Paris (born 1987), American basketball player
- Courtney Solomon (born 1971), Canadian film director
- Courtney Vandersloot (born 1989), American basketball player
- Courtney Webb (born 1988), British actress and writer
- Courtney Whitney (1897–1969), American lawyer and Army commander
- Courtney Love  (born 1964) , American rock musician and actress

## Places

- Courtenay, British Columbia, a city on the east coast of Vancouver Island
- Courtenay River, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia
- Courtenay, New Zealand, a locality in the Selwyn District
- Courtenay (New Zealand electorate), a former electorate in Canterbury, based on the locality of the same name
- Courtenay, Florida, an unincorporated community in Brevard County
- Courtney, North Carolina, an unincorporated community in Yadkin County
- Courtney, Pennsylvania, a neighborhood of the borough of New Eagle
- Courtney Peak, Ellsworth Land, Antarctica

## Science

- Courtney (crater), a tiny lunar impact crater
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians

***The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians*** is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians.

## Sources

- Blom, Eric, editor (1954). _Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians_ (fifth edition). New York: St. Martin's Press () and London: Macmillan ().
    - Supplementary volume, associate editor Denis Stevens, 1961, New York (), London ().
    - Fifth edition reprints: 1966: New York (, London (); 1968: New York (); 1970: New York (); 1973: New York (), London (); 1975: New York (), London (, ISBN 978-0-333-19174-3.).

## Other websites

- Grove, George, ed.; _A dictionary of music and musicians 1450-1889 (1900)_, 4 Volumes. _Internet Archive_.
  Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 Volume 4
- Second edition:
 Vol. 1 (1904) **A–E**, Vol. 2 (1906) **F–L**, Vol. 3 (1907) **M–P**, Vol. 4 (1908) **Q–S**, Vol. 5 (1910) **T–Z**, Appendix
- , San Francisco Symphony Orchestra
- 'Oxford Music Online (contains Grove Music Online)', Rutgers University Libraries

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
- **image**: New Grove, shallow.JPG
- **title orig**: A Dictionary of Music and Musicians
- **author**: Multiple
- **country**: United Kingdom,
United States
- **language**: English
- **subject**: Music, Musicology, Music history, Music theory, Ethnomusicology
- **genre**: Reference work, Reference; Encyclopedic dictionary
- **publisher**: Oxford University Press
[http://www.oup.com Official website]
- **pub date**: 1878–present
- **media type**: hardback, paperback, and online
Fantasia (music)

The **fantasia** (from ; also , , ) is a musical composition with its style in the art of improvisation. Because of this, it rarely follows any rules of strict musical form (as with the impromptu).

## Related pages

- Canzona
- Capriccio
- Chorale fantasia
- Chromatic fantasia
- Ricercar
- Tiento
- Voluntary

## Sources

- Brett, Philip, Jennifer Doctor, Judith LeGrove, and Paul Banks. 2001. "Britten, (Edward) Benjamin". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- Field, Christopher D. S. 2001. "Fantasia." _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- Howes, Frank, and Christina Bashford. 2001. "Cobbett, Walter Willson". _The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians_, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
- Kennedy, Michael. 2006. _The Oxford Dictionary of Music_, second edition, revise, Joyce Bourne, associate editor. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

## More reading

- Antcliffe, Herbert. 1920. "The Recent Rise of Chamber Music in England". _Musical Quarterly_ 6, no. 1 (January): 12–23.
- Meyer, Ernst Hermann. 1946. _English Chamber Music_. London: Lawrence & Wishart. Reprinted, New York: Da Capo Press, 1971. . Reference on the early English fantasy (fantazy, fantasie, fantasia.).
Ludwig Rellstab

**Heinrich Friedrich Ludwig Rellstab** (13 April 1799 – 27 November 1860) was a German poet and music critic. He was born and died in Berlin.

The first seven songs of Franz Schubert's _Schwanengesang_ have words by Rellstab, who had left them in 1825 with Beethoven, whose assistant Anton Schindler passed them on to Schubert. His work was also set to music by Franz Liszt.

He is also known to have given Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor, Op. 27/2 its famous nickname _Moonlight Sonata_.
Rjukan

**Rjukan** is a city in Norway. It is in the county of Telemark. The town had 3,386 people living there in January 2007.

Between September and March, Rjukan is in the shadow of the mountains and does not get sunlight.

## Geology

The city lies in a narrow valley.

## History

Rjukan became a city in 1996.

In 2013, large mirrors were placed on the mountainside to reflect the sun into the town square.

## Other websites

- Video about the sun mirrors
- Ice climbing in Rjukan
- Postcard from Tinn
AgustaWestland

**AgustaWestland** is a British and Italian company. It designs and produces civilian and military helicopters. Factories are in Italy and the United Kingdom. The company's headquarters is in Samarate, in Lombardy, Italy.
AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat

The **AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat** is a modernized variant of the British helicopter Westland Lynx. Its first flight was in November 2009. It is built by AgustaWestland in Yeovil, Somerset. South Korea will in 2016 be the first foreign country to use the helicopter. In the UK it will be used by British Army and Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm.
Fleet Air Arm

**Fleet Air Arm** is the generic name of the British naval aviation, part of the Royal Navy. It has both airplanes and helicopters.

- It uses Merlin helicopters to hunt submarines and transport marines.
- It uses Wildcat helicopters for piracy patrols.
- It uses F-35 jets for maritime attack.
Axis of Advance

**Axis of Advance** was a Canadian black and death metal band from Edmonton, Alberta.

The band was formed in 1998 and was formerly known as **Sacramentary Abolishment**. The band changed their name to **Axis of Advance** after drummer Paulus Kressman left the band. Axis of Advance was originally suppose to be the title of Sacramentary Abolishment's third album. The band considered J. Read to be a session member because they could not imagine anyone else drumming for them even though his drumming position was apparently permanent.

The band released their first EP, _Landline_ in April 1999.

The band split up in 2008. Vermin joined J. Read's band Revenge to play session guitars afterwards and also played for Weapon for a little while.

## Band members

- Final line-up
- Wör – Vocals, guitar (1998-2007)
- Vermin – Vocals, bass (1998-2007)
- J. Read – Drums (1998-2007)

### Albums

- _Landline_ (1999)
- _Strike_ (2001)
- _The List_ (2002)
- _Obey_ (2004)
- _Purify_ (2006)

## Other websites

- Official website
- Axis of Advance on Discogs

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Axis of Advance
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- **genre**: Black metal, Death metal
- **years active**: 1998–2008
- **label**: Osmose Productions
- **associated acts**: Revenge (Canadian band), Revenge, Weapon (band), Weapon
- **past members**: Wör
Vermin
J. Read
Yakovlev Yak-42

**Yakovlev Yak-42** (Russian: Яковлев Як-42; NATO reporting name: **Clobber**) is civilian aircraft designed and built in the USSR by Yakovlev. It was built between 1980 and 2003. It looks like the Boeing 727. It is a triple-turbojet airliner that can carry at least up to 120 passengers.

## Users

It was mainly used by the Soviets and civilian companies in countries of the Warsaw Pact. Some Yak-42 were used in Africa and Asia. Russia and Ukraine had got some military aircrafts of this model.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: Yakovlev Yak-42
- **image**: File:South_Airlines_Yakovlev_Yak-42D_Karpezo-1.jpg
- **caption**: Yakovlev Yak-42 from Ukraine.


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Airliner
- **national origin**: USSR.
- **manufacturer**: Yakovlev
- **first flight**: 1975
- **introduction**: 1980
- **status**: Active
- **primary user**: Aeroflot
- **number built**: 178
W.I.T.C.H.

- _For the person practicing witchcraft, see witch_

***W.I.T.C.H.*** is an animated television series. It is based on the Italian comic book series of the same name, which was created by Gary Tomlin and Elisabetta Gnone. It is a fantasy anime series about a girl that can use magic.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Contemporary fantasy, Magical girl, Children, Teen
- **creator**: Gary Tomlin
Elisabetta Gnone
- **developer**: Andrew Nicholls and Darrell Vickers
Greg Weisman
- **voices**: (The five main characters:
 Will, Irma, Taranee, Cornelia and Hay Lin.
 See the list of List of W.I.T.C.H. characters, characters and antagonists for other voices.)

**English**:
Kelly Stables
Candi Milo
Kali Troy
Christel Khalil
Liza del Mundo
**French**:
Karine Pinoteau
Célia Charpentier
Colette "Coco" Noël
Sybille Tureau
Laura Pelerins
- **open theme**: "We Are W.I.T.C.H" by Marion Raven (US and Australia)
"W.I.T.C.H." by Sabrina Salerno, Sabrina (UK)
- **country**: France
United States
- **language**: English
French
- **num seasons**: 2
- **num episodes**: 52
- **list episodes**: List of W.I.T.C.H. episodes
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **company**: SIP Animation
The Walt Disney Company
- **channel**: France 3
ABC Kids
Juan Martínez Martin

**Juan Martínez Martin** (born November 25, 1980 in Granada) is a track and field athlete from Spain.  He has a disability and is T46 type athlete. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia.  He finished second in the 4 X 400 meter T42-T46 relay.
Shakespeare authorship question

<imagemap>
Image:ShakespeareCandidates1.jpg|thumb|alt=Portraits of Shakespeare and four proposed alternative authors.|Oxford, Bacon, Derby, and Marlowe (clockwise from top left, Shakespeare centre) have each been proposed as the true author. <small>_(Clickable image—use cursor to identify.)_</small>
poly 1 1 105 1 107 103 68 104 68 142 1 142 Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford
poly 107 1 214 1 214 143 145 142 145 104 107 104 Francis Bacon
rect 68 106 144 177 William Shakespeare
poly 1 144 67 144 67 178 106 179 106 291 1 290 Christopher Marlowe
poly 145 143 214 143 214 291 108 291 107 179 144 178 William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby
</imagemap>

The **Shakespeare authorship question** asks whether some works said to be William Shakespeare's were actually written by other people.

People who support this view are called _anti-Stratfordians._ (Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, England.) They say "Shakespeare of Stratford" was a fake name to hide the identity of the real author or authors, who did not want their real names to become public.

Shakespeare's authorship was first questioned in the middle of the 19th century.  At that time, there was a widespread view that Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time.

Many books have been written about this controversy. 80 different candidates for Shakespeare's authorship have been proposed. The most-studied candidates are Francis Bacon, the 6th Earl of Derby, Christopher Marlowe, and the 17th Earl of Oxford.

Although this idea has attracted much public interest, all but a few Shakespeare scholars and literary historians consider it a conspiracy theory. Most scholars only mention the theory if they are criticizing it. For example, James Shapiro has written several books criticizing this theory.

## Arguments

According to some Anti-Stratfordians, the works attributed to Shakespeare show education, aristocratic sensibility, and familiarity with the royal court that Shakespeare did not have. Shakespeare had a simple background, and the known details of his life seem incompatible with his poetic eminence and his reputation for genius, according to anti-Stratfordians.

In response, mainstream Shakespeare scholars have argued that determining authorship based on biographical information is unreliable. They say there is extensive documentary evidence showing that Shakespeare authored his works. This evidence includes title pages, testimony by other contemporary poets and historians, and official records. No direct evidence like this exists for any other candidate. Shakespeare's authorship was never questioned during his lifetime or for centuries after his death.

Anti-Stratfordians work for acknowledgment of the authorship question as a legitimate field of scholarly inquiry and for acceptance of one or another of the various authorship candidates.
Antonio Martorell Sastre

**Daniel Llambrich Gabriel** (born December 8, 1978 in Inca, Balearic Islands) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a disability: he is an S9 type swimmer.  He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. He finished third in the 4 x 100 freestyle 34 points relay. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.
Västra Götaland County

**Västra Götaland County** () is a county in southern Sweden, with the seat in Gothenburg. It was established on 1 January 1998, as a merger out of former Gothenburg and Bohus County, Skaraborg County and Älvsborg County.

## Municipalities

<table cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8><tr valign=top><td><ol start=1>
<li>Ale
<li>Alingsås
<li>Bengtsfors
<li>Bollebygd
<li>Borås
<li>Dals-Ed
<li>Essunga
<li>Falköping
<li>Färgelanda
<li>Grästorp
<li>Gullspång
<li>Götene
<li>Gothenburg
<li>Herrljunga
<li>Hjo
<li>Härryda
<li>Karlsborg
<li>Kungälv
<li>Lerum
<li>Lidköping
<li>Lilla Edet
<li>Lysekil
<li>Mariestad
<li>Mark
<li>Mellerud
</ol><td><ol start=26>
<li>Munkedal
<li>Mölndal
<li>Orust
<li>Partille
<li>Skara
<li>Skövde
<li>Sotenäs
<li>Stenungsund
<li>Strömstad
<li>Svenljunga
<li>Tanum
<li>Tibro
<li>Tidaholm
<li>Tjörn
<li>Tranemo
<li>Trollhättan
<li>Töreboda
<li>Uddevalla
<li>Ulricehamn
<li>Vara
<li>Vårgårda
<li>Vänersborg
<li>Åmål
<li>Öckerö
</ol></table>

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Västra Götaland
- **native name**: Västra Götalands län
- **native name lang**: se
- **settlement type**: Counties of Sweden, County of Sweden
- **image flag**: Västra Götalands län vapenflagga.svg
- **flag size**: 100px
- **image shield**: Västra Götaland vapen.svg
- **shield size**: 75px
- **image blank emblem**: SverigesLän2007Västra Götaland.svg
- **blank emblem type**:  
- **blank emblem size**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1998
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Gothenburg and Vänersborg
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Lars Bäckström
- **leader title1**: Council
- **leader name1**: Västra Götaland Regional Council
- **area total km2**: 23498.8
- **population total**: 1589016
- **population as of**: 31 March 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **blank name sec1**: Gross domestic product, GDP/ Nominal
- **blank info sec1**: Swedish krona, SEK 386,538 million (2004)
- **blank1 name sec1**: Gross domestic product, GDP per capita
- **blank1 info sec1**: Swedish krona, SEK 376,900 (2010)
- **blank name sec2**: First level NUTS of the European Union#Sweden, NUTS Region
- **blank info sec2**: SE232
- **iso code**: SE-O
Counties of Sweden

The **Counties of Sweden** () are regional administrative level in Sweden. There are 21 counties in Sweden. The concept was created in 1634 on the initiative of Count Axel Oxenstierna. Each county has an own governor. Some people want to see the counties being replaced with regions.

## Map

With county codes, official until 1974.

- AB: Stockholm County
- AC: Västerbotten County
- BD: Norrbotten County
- C: Uppsala County
- D: Södermanland County
- E: Östergötland County
- F: Jönköping County
- G: Kronoberg County
- H: Kalmar County
- I: Gotland County
- K: Blekinge County
- M: Skåne County
- N: Halland County
- O: Västra Götaland County
- S: Värmland County
- T: Örebro County
- U: Västmanland County
- W: Dalarna County
- X: Gävleborg County
- Y: Västernorrland County
- Z: Jämtland County
Municipalities of Sweden

The **municipalities of Sweden** () are the local government units of Sweden. There are 290 municipalities in Sweden. The municipalities are responsible for many social issues, like schools, kindergartens and the care for older and disabled people.

Since 1971, all of Sweden is divided into the same kind of local government units, municipalities. The old town concept was abolished, even if the word town is still in use in everyday language.
Esther Morales Fernández

**Esther Morales Fernández** (born August 9, 1985 in Barcelona) is a swimmer from Spain.  She has a physical disability: she is an S10 type swimmer.  In 2012, she lived in Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands. She raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. She raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  She finished third in the 50 meter freestyle and the 100 meter backstroke.  She raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. She finished third in the 100 meter backstroke. She raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. She, Sarai Gascón Moreno, Teresa Perales and Isabel Yingüa Hernández finished fourth in the 4x100 meter freestyle relay event.

At the 2009 IPC  European Swimming Championship in Reykjavik, Iceland, Sarai Gascón Moreno, Ana Rubio, Esther Morales and  Julia Castelló won a bronze medal in the 4x100 meter medley relay. In 2010, she competed at the Tenerife International Open.  Before the 2010 Adapted Swimming World Championship in the Netherlands, she went to a swimming camp with the national team that was part of the Paralympic High Performance Program (HARP Program).
Nitrogen narcosis

**Nitrogen narcosis** is a problem for underwater divers. It affects the brain and nervous system a lot like alcohol, but goes away when the diver rises to a shallower depth. It does not have lasting effects after the depth is reduced.

## People affected

Any underwater diver who goes deeper than 30 m (100 ft) while breathing air, or any time when the pressure of nitrogen in the breathing gas is more than about 3,2 bar.

## Prevention

Nitrogen narcosis only happens when the pressure of nitrogen is high. If the pressure is kept low by staying at a shallower depth it will not happen. If the breathing gas has less nitrogen it will only start at a deeper depth. Helium gas can be used in place of nitrogen in breathing gas for divers to make it less likely to get nitrogen narcosis.

## What actually happens

The nitrogen gas dissolved in the diver affects the working of nerve cells. At higher pressures more nitrogen can be dissolved.

It starts off as a mild effect like being slightly drunk, but as the pressure increases it gets more serious, like getting more drunk. Eventually the diver may lose consciousness.

## Problems

A diver who has nitrogen narcosis will have slower reactions and may not think clearly. If something goes wrong the diver may not be able to cope with the problem. This can be dangerous.

## Treatment and fix

The diver can move to a shallower depth or change to a different breathing gas with less nitrogen. This will usually be a mixture containing helium.

## Related pages

- Heliox
- Scuba diving
Jordi Morales García

**Jordi Morales García** (born November 17, 1985 in Esparreguera, Barcelona) is a table tennis athlete from Spain.  He has a physical disability: he is class 7 player. He played table tennis at the 2000 Summer Paralympics, 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics and the 2012 Summer Paralympics.  In 2004, he finished third in the Class 7 singles table tennis game. In 2012, he finished second in the Team Class 6-8 game.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **image**: MORALES Jordi (ESP) IMG_6376_DxO (14161266565).jpg
- **name**: Jorge Cardona Marquez
- **birth place**: Zaragoza
- **nationality**: Spain, Spanish
- **sport**: Table tennis (Class 7)
- **show-medals**: yes
Israel Oliver Peña

**Israel Oliver Peña** (born December 16, 1987 in Madrid) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a disability: he has vision problems and is an S12/B2 type swimmer. In 2012, he lived in Carrizal de Wit, Las Palmas, Canary Islands. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He finished second in the 4 x 100 meters 49 points medley relay. He finished third in the 100 meter Butterfly race. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.   He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.
Richard Oribe Lumbreras

**Richard Oribe Lumbreras** (born February 22, 1974 in San Sebastian, Guipúzcoa) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a disability: he has cerebral palsy and is an S4 type swimmer. He raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the 50 meter freestyle race, the 100 meter freestyle race and in the 200 meter freestyle race.  He finished second in the 4 x 50 meter 20 points freestyle relay.  He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He finished first in the 50 meter freestyle race, the 200 meter freestyle race and the 4 x 50 meter 20 points freestyle relay.   He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He finished second in the 200 meter freestyle race. He finished third in the 100 meter freestyle race. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the 200 meter freestyle race.  He finished second in the 50 meter freestyle race, the 100 meter freestyle race and the 4 x 50 meter 20 points freestyle relay. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the 100 meter freestyle race. He finished third in the 200 meter freestyle race.

Before the 2010 Adapted Swimming World Championship in the Netherlands, he went to a swimming camp with the national team that was part of the Paralympic High Performance Program (HARP Program).

## Other websites

- Richard Oribe Lumbreras
Manuel Jesus Panadero Falcon

**Manuel Jesus Panadero Falcon** (born January 28, 1973 in Valencia) is a goalball athlete from Spain.  He has a disability: he is blind and is a B1 type player. He played goalball at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. His team was third.
Tomas Piñas Bermudez

**Tomas Piñas Bermudez** (born July 8, 1982 in Granada) is a table tennis athlete from Spain.  He has a physical disability: he is class 3 player and competes while using a wheelchair. In 2012, he lived in Ogijares, Granada. He played table tennis at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics and the 2012 Summer Paralympics.  In 2008, he finished third in the Class 3 singles table tennis game..

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **image**: Tomas Piñas (Spain) (1306143549).jpg
- **name**: Tomas Piñas Bermudez
- **birth place**: Granada
- **nationality**: Spain, Spanish
- **sport**: Table tennis (Class 3)
- **show-medals**: yes
José Ramos Castillo

**José Ramos Castillo** (born December 24, 1974 in Castellon De La Plana, Castellón) is a swimmer from Spain.  He has a physical disability: he is an S7 type swimmer. In 2004, he lived in Artesa-onda, Castellón. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He finished third in the 4 x 50 meter 20 points medley relay.
Begoña Reina López

**Begoña Reina López** (born March 14, 1975 in Zaragoza) is a swimmer from Spain.  She has a physical disability and is an S9 type swimmer. She raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics.  She finished third in the 100 meter breaststroke and the 4 x 100 meter 34 points medley relay.
European Rugby Champions Cup

The **European Rugby Champions Cup** is a major European rugby competition involving the leading clubs from England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, France and Italy. It began in the 1995–96 season as the **Heineken Cup**, with sponsorship from major brewery Heineken, and kept that name through the 2013–14 season. Disagreements between the leagues that sent teams to the competition led to the end of the Heineken Cup, with the Champions Cup taking its place starting in 2014–15.

Toulouse have won the competition a record four times, Leinster and Toulon three times, while Munster, Leicester Tigers and Wasps have won it twice each. Toulon are the only team to have won three times in a row, winning the last two Heineken Cups in 2013 and 2014 and the first Champions Cup in 2015. The current champions are Saracens.
Mireia Riera Casanovas

**Mireia Riera Casanovas** (born March 14, 1975 in Lloret de Mar, Barcelona) is a swimmer from Spain. She has a physical disability: she has cerebral palsy and is an S7 type swimmer. She raced at the 1996 Summer Paralympics.  She finished second in the 100 meter freestyle race.  She finished third in the 400 meter freestyle race.
Funeral march

A **funeral march** (_Marche funèbre_, _Trauermarsch_) is a march, usually in a minor key, in a slow "simple duple" metre, creating the solemn pace of a funeral procession. Some such marches are often considered appropriate for use during funerals and other occasions, the most well-known being the third movement of Piano Sonata No. 2 by Frédéric Chopin. Handel uses the name **dead march**, also used for marches played by a military band at military funerals and executions.

## Other websites

- Chopin's Iconic Funeral March
Piano Sonata No. 2 (Chopin)

Frédéric Chopin's **Piano Sonata No. 2 in B-flat minor, Op. 35**, popularly known as **The Funeral March**, was completed in 1839 at Nohant, near Châteauroux in France.  However, the third movement, whence comes the sonata's common nickname, had been composed as early as 1837.

## Movements

The sonata comprises four movements:
1. _Grave – Doppio movimento_
1. _Scherzo_
1. _Marche funèbre: Lento_
1. _Finale: Presto_

## Other websites

- Piano Sonata No. 2 sheet music available at Musopen.com
- Recording of Sonata No.2 performed by the pianist Alberto Cobo
Västernorrland County

**Västernorrland County** () is a county in northern Sweden, with the seat located in Härnösand. It was established in 1634.

## Municipalities

- Härnösand
- Kramfors
- Sollefteå
- Sundsvall
- Timrå
- Ånge
- Örnsköldsvik

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Västernorrland
- **native name**: Västernorrlands län
- **native name lang**: se
- **settlement type**: Counties of Sweden, County of Sweden
- **image flag**: Västernorrlands län vapenflagga.svg
- **flag size**: 100px
- **image shield**: Västernorrland län vapen.svg
- **shield size**: 75px
- **image blank emblem**: SverigesLän2007Västernorrland.svg
- **blank emblem type**:  
- **blank emblem size**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1654
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Härnösand
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Bo Källstrand
- **leader title1**: Council
- **leader name1**: Landstinget Västernorrland
- **area total km2**: 21683.8
- **population total**: 242347
- **population as of**: 31 March 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **blank name sec1**: Gross domestic product, GDP/ Nominal
- **blank info sec1**: Swedish krona, SEK 61,540 million (2004)
- **blank1 name sec1**: Gross domestic product, GDP per capita
- **blank1 info sec1**: Swedish krona, SEK 251,000
- **blank name sec2**: First level NUTS of the European Union#Sweden, NUTS Region
- **blank info sec2**: SE321
- **iso code**: SE-Y
Västerbotten County

**Västerbotten County** () is a county in northern Sweden, with the seat located in Umeå. It was established in 1638.

## Municipalities

- Bjurholm
- Dorotea
- Lycksele
- Malå
- Nordmaling
- Norsjö
- Robertsfors
- Skellefteå
- Sorsele
- Storuman
- Umeå
- Vilhelmina
- Vindeln
- Vännäs
- Åsele

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Västerbotten
- **native name**: Västerbottens län
- **native name lang**: se
- **settlement type**: Counties of Sweden, County of Sweden
- **image flag**: Västerbottens län vapenflagga.svg
- **flag size**: 100px
- **image shield**: Västerbotten län vapen.svg
- **shield size**: 75px
- **image blank emblem**: SverigesLän2007Västerbotten.svg
- **blank emblem type**:  
- **blank emblem size**: 150px
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **established title**: Formed
- **established date**: 1638
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Umeå
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Magdalena Andersson
- **leader title1**: Council
- **leader name1**: Västerbottens Läns Landsting
- **area total km2**: 55186.2
- **population total**: 259239
- **population as of**: March 31 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **blank name sec1**: Gross domestic product, GDP/ Nominal
- **blank info sec1**: Swedish krona, SEK 55,534 million (2004)
- **blank1 name sec1**: Gross domestic product, GDP per capita
- **blank1 info sec1**: Swedish krona, SEK 218,000
- **blank name sec2**: First level NUTS of the European Union#Sweden, NUTS Region
- **blank info sec2**: SE331
- **iso code**: SE-AC
Norrbotten County

**Norrbotten County** () is a county in northern Sweden, with the seat located in Luleå. It was established in 1810.

## Municipalities

_Norrbotten:_
- Pajala
- Övertorneå
- Överkalix
- Boden
- Kalix
- Haparanda
- Älvsbyn
- Luleå
- Piteå

_Swedish Lapland:_
- Kiruna
- Gällivare
- Jokkmokk
- Arjeplog
- Arvidsjaur

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Norrbotten
- **native name**: Norrbottens län
- **native name lang**: se
- **settlement type**: Counties of Sweden, County of Sweden
- **image flag**: Norrbottens län vapenflagga.svg
- **flag size**: 100px
- **image shield**: Norrbotten län vapen.svg
- **shield size**: 75px
- **image blank emblem**: SverigesLän2007Norrbotten.svg
- **blank emblem type**:  
- **blank emblem size**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **established title**: Formed
- **established date**: 1810
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Luleå
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Sven-Erik Österberg
- **leader title1**: Council
- **leader name1**: Norrbottens Läns Landsting
- **area total km2**: 98244.8
- **population total**: 248421
- **population as of**: March 31 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **blank name sec1**: Gross domestic product, GDP/ Nominal
- **blank info sec1**: Swedish krona, SEK 59,875 million (2004)
- **blank1 name sec1**: Gross domestic product, GDP per capita
- **blank1 info sec1**: Swedish krona, SEK 236,000
- **blank name sec2**: First level NUTS of the European Union#Sweden, NUTS Region
- **blank info sec2**: SE332
- **iso code**: SE-BD
Jämtland County

**Jämtland County** () is a county in northern Sweden, with the seat located in Östersund. It was established in 1810.

## Municipalities

- Berg
- Bräcke
- Härjedalen
- Krokom
- Ragunda
- Strömsund
- Åre
- Östersund

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Jämtland County
- **native name**: Jämtlands län
- **native name lang**: se
- **settlement type**: Counties of Sweden, County of Sweden
- **image flag**: Jämtlands län vapenflagga.svg
- **flag size**: 100px
- **image shield**: Jämtland län vapen.svg
- **shield size**: 75px
- **image map**: Jämtlands län in Sweden.svg
- **map caption**: Jämtland County in Sweden
- **blank emblem type**:  
- **blank emblem size**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1810
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Östersund
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Jöran Hägglund
- **leader title1**: Council
- **leader name1**: Jämtlands Läns Landsting
- **area total km2**: 49341.2
- **population total**: 129649
- **population as of**: September 30, 2017
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **blank name sec1**: Gross domestic product, GDP/ Nominal
- **blank info sec1**: Swedish krona, SEK 27,628 million (2004)
- **blank1 name sec1**: Gross domestic product, GDP per capita
- **blank1 info sec1**: Swedish krona, SEK 215,000
- **blank name sec2**: First level NUTS of the European Union#Sweden, NUTS Region
- **blank info sec2**: SE322
- **iso code**: SE-Z