Julio César Turbay Ayala

**Julio César Turbay Ayala** (18 June 1916 – 13 September 2005) was the 25th President of Colombia from 1978 to 1982.

## Biographic data

Turbay was born in a poor neighborhood on June 18, 1916. His father, Antonio Amín Turbay, was a businessman who emigrated from Tannourine, Lebanon.
His mother, Rosaura Ayala, was a peasant from the province of Cundinamarca. Turbay’s father was a hard working merchant who had built a fortune, which he completely lost during the civil war of the Thousand Days War.

### 1978 Security Statute

In response to an increase in guerrilla activity, a 1978 decree known as the Security Statute was implemented by Turbay's administration.

The Security Statute gave the military an increased degree of freedom of action, especially in urban areas, to detain, interrogate and eventually judge suspected guerrillas or their collaborators before military tribunals. Human rights organizations, newspaper columnists, political  personalities and opposition groups complained about an increase in the number of arbitrary detentions and acts of torture as a result.

### 1980 Dominican embassy crisis

In late 1980, sixteen ambassadors were held hostage for 61 days as part of a takeover of the Dominican Republic's embassy. The incident soon spread throughout worldwide headlines, as ambassadors from the United States of America, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, Israel and Venezuela had been taken hostage, as well as Colombia's top representative to the Holy See.

Turbay, despite pressure from military and political sectors, avoided deciding to solve the crisis through the use of direct military force, and instead eventually agreed to let the M-19 rebels travel to Cuba. Allegedly, the rebels also received USD 1 million as payment, instead of the initial $50 million that they had originally demanded from the government.

## Personal life

Turbay married his niece, Nydia Quintero Turbay, on July 1, 1948. They had four children together: Julio César, Diana, Claudia, and María Victoria. However, their marriage was annulled by the Roman Catholic Church, and in 1986 he married his longtime companion Amparo Canal, to whom he remained married until his death.

In January 1991, Turbay's daughter Diana was kidnapped by orders of the Medellín Cartel and died during a failed police rescue operation not sanctioned by her family. Her kidnapping is chronicled in _News of a Kidnapping_ by the Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez (1996) and depicted in multiple onscreen productions.

## Death

Turbay died on September 13, 2005. He was honored by a state funeral personally led by President Álvaro Uribe and was buried at the Sacromonte Caves at Canton Norte, an army base in Bogotá.

## Other websites

- Find-A-Grave biography

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Julio César Turbay Ayala
- **image**: Julio Cesar Turbay.jpg
- **order**: 25th
- **office**: President of Colombia
- **predecessor**: Alfonso López Michelsen
- **successor**: Belisario Betancur Cuartas
- **ambassador from2**: Colombian
- **country2**: Italy
- **term start2**: 1991
- **term end2**: 1993
- **president2**: César Gaviria Trujillo
- **predecessor2**: Oscar Mejía Vallejo
- **successor2**: Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza
- **ambassador from3**: Colombian
- **country3**: Holy See
- **term start3**: 1987
- **term end3**: 1989
- **successor3**: Fernando Hinestrosa Forero
- **president3**: Virgilio Barco Vargas
- **ambassador from4**: Colombian
- **country4**: United States
- **term end4**: 1976
- **president4**: Alfonso López Michelsen
- **predecessor4**: Douglas Botero Boshel
- **successor4**: Virgilio Barco Vargas
- **ambassador from5**: Colombian
- **order5**: 12th
- **country5**: United Kingdom
- **predecessor5**: Camilo de Brigard Silva
- **successor5**: Alfredo Vásquez Carrizosa
- **president5**: Misael Pastrana Borrero
- **order6**: 11th
- **office6**: Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations
- **term start6**: 1967
- **term end6**: 1969
- **president6**: Carlos Lleras Restrepo
- **predecessor6**: Alfonso Patiño Rosselli
- **successor6**: Joaquín Vallejo Arbeláez
- **order8**: 24th
- **office8**: Ministry of Mines and Energy (Colombia)Minister of Mines and Petroleum of Colombia
- **president8**: Gabriel París Gordillo
- **predecessor8**: Francisco Puyana
- **successor8**: Jorge Ospina Delgado
- **office7**: Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia
- **president7**: Alberto Lleras Camargo
- **predecessor7**: Carlos Sanz de Santamaría
- **successor7**: José Joaquín Caicedo Castilla
- **birth name**: Julio César Turbay Ayala
- **birth place**: Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- **death place**: Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- **nationality**: Colombian people, Colombian
- **party**: Colombian Liberal Party, Liberal
- **occupation**: Lawyer