juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Washington Navy Yard

The **Washington Navy Yard** is the former shipyard and ordnance plant of the United States Navy in Southeast Washington, D.C. It is the oldest shore base of the U.S. Navy. It has the offices of the Chief of Naval Operations,  the Naval Sea Systems Command, Naval Historical Center, the Department of Naval History, the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, the U.S. Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps, Naval Reactors, Marine Corps Institute, the United States Navy Band, and many other naval commands. Before 2006, it was the headquarters to the Marine Corps Historical Center, but that center moved to Quantico. The Washington Navy Yard was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It became a National Historic Landmark on May 11, 1976.

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Washington Navy Yard
- **nrhp type**: nhld
- **image**: Washington Navy Yard aerial view 1985.jpg
- **caption**: Aerial view of Washington Navy Yard, 1985
- **location**: Washington, D.C.
- **locmapin**: United States Washington, D.C. east#District of Columbia#USA
- **nocat**: yes
- **built**: 1799
- **architect**: Benjamin Latrobe et al.
- **architecture**: Colonial Revival
Victorian architecture, Late Victorian
- **added**: June 19, 1973
- **governing body**: United States Department of the Navy, Department of the Navy
- **refnum**: 73002124
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom

The **Greco-Bactrian Kingdom** was the eastern-most tip of the Ancient Greek world. It lasted between 250-125BC. It covered Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. It covered a region originally conquered by Alexander the Great. The Inhabitants were called Indo-Greeks.

## Sources

Much of our information comes from the Roman Strabo. Much archaeology has been done in Afghanistan, especially in the cities of Aï Khanoum and Begram.

## Exhibitions

The National Museum of Afghanistan has put on a touring exhibition about this kingdom. It has been shown at the British Museum and also in France, Germany and the Netherlands. Much other archaeology is on display in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Northwestern College (Illinois)

**Northwestern College** (NC), formerly **Northwestern Business College**, is a college in Illinois. It has no affiliation with Northwestern University. Northwestern College has campuses in Bridgeview, Chicago, and Napeville.
Bosporan Kingdom

The **Bosporan Kingdom** (often called Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus) was an ancient empire, covering the Crimea and a lot of the north coast of the Black Sea. It is regarded as the first 'Hellenistic' country to speak Greek.

## Overview

The Bosporan Kingdom was the longest surviving known Roman client kingdom (allied state). It was a Roman Province between 63 and 68, under Roman Emperor Nero. In the 1st century and 2nd century AD was a period of a new 'golden age' of the Bosporan Kingdom when it was famous for its jewellery. In the end of the 2nd century the King Sauromates II inflicted a critical defeat to the Scythians (a nomadic tribe) and included all the territories of the Crimea in the structure of his state.

The Bosporan Kingdom became rich from selling wheat, fish and slaves to rest of Europe. This means that there are a lot of amazing and very rich finds from the Kingdom, especially found in burial barrows (known as kurgans). Today, there are lots of architectural and sculptural remains from the Bosporan Kingdoms and many finds can be seen in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia. These include gold work and vases imported from Ancient Athens and the rest of Ancient Greece.

It was finally destroyed by the Goths (barbarian tribes) at the end of the 4th century AD
Big Van Vader

**Leon Allen White** (May 14, 1955 – June 18, 2018) was an American professional wrestler. He was better known by the ring name, **Big Van Vader**.

## Wrestling career

Vader began his wrestling career at the World Heavyweight Championship (AWA) in (1985) and remained on the company for two years until (1987). He then traveled to Japan where he was hired by the New Japan Pro Wrestling. Vader won the final competition between eight men against Shinya Hashimoto and was crowned champion. Then a month after being crowned champion, Vader lost the title to the Russian Hashimikov Salman. Then recovered the titled against the winner of Hashimikov- Riki Choshu, thus becoming World Heavyweight Champion again CWA. Vader continued performing in Europe under the name of Otto Wanz. In 1990, Vader returned to America and was hired by World Championship Wrestling, in WCW Vader got a chance to face Sting in the July 12 event The Great American Bash 1992, where Sting defeated, and Vader and crowned as the new world champion heavyweight WCW. After having bloody battles against Mick Foley, Vader faced none other than Hulk Hogan in 1995. After leaving WCW, Vader returned to Japan in 1996.

## WWF

In 1996, Vader was hired by World Wrestling Federation, Vader appeared at WrestleMania XII, in a fight between six Vader, Owen Hart, British Bulldog vs Yokozuna, Ahmed Johnson and Jake Roberts. Vader's team won the match. Vader faced the champion of the WWF Shawn Michaels at SummerSlam in 1996, and then faced The Undertaker in the Royal Rumble.

## 1998 to 2012

In 1998 Vader returned to Japan in All Japan Pro Wrestling, then went to the Pro Wrestling Noah between 2000 and 2002 before being hired by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. Vader turned to work for the WWE in 2003 performing in several episodes of Raw where he retired from the wrestling in 2012.

On April 1, 2022, Vader was posthumously inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by his son Jesse.

## Health and death

In 2016, Vader was diagnosed with congestive heart failure following a car crash. White went in for heart surgery on March 12, 2018 followed by another in May to treat an arrhythmia.

On June 18, 2018, after being hospitalized in Boulder, Colorado for a month with pneumonia, Vader died at 63 years old.

## References

- The Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame: The Heels Escrito por Greg Oliver,Steven Johnson

## Other websites

- Vader at YouTube
- BigVanVader.com (fan site)

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Big Van Vader
- **names**: Little Bull/Big Vader/Super Vader/Vader
- **image**: Big Van Vader (1996).jpg
- **height**: 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
- **weight**: 450 lb (204 kg)
- **birth place**: Lynwood, California, Lynwood, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Denver, Colorado, U.S.
- **billed**: Boulder, Colorado, U.S.
"The Rocky Mountains"
- **debut**: 1985
- **retired**: 2012
Holocephali

**Holocephali** ("complete heads") is a subclass of cartilaginous fish, of which the order Chimaeriformes is the only surviving group.

Holocephali have a long fossil record that starts during the Devonian period. However, most fossils are teeth, and the body forms of numerous species are not known, or, at best, poorly understood. Sequence analysis on living chimaera suggests the whole group originated  420 million years ago in the Silurian period.
Getty Villa

The **Getty Villa** in Pacific Palisades, California, USA, is one of two locations of the J. Paul Getty Museum. The Getty Villa is an educational center and museum that covers the arts and cultures of Ancient Greece, Rome, and Etruria. The collection has 44,000 Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities dating from 6,500 BC to 400 AD. The UCLA/Getty Master’s Program in Archaeological and Ethnographic Conservation is here. The online GettyGuide as well as through audio tours tell about the items owned by the museum.

## Collection

The collection has 44,000 Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities dating from 6,500 BC to 400 AD.  Among the outstanding items is Victorious Youth, one of few life-size Greek bronze statues to have survived to modern times. The Lansdowne Heracles is a Roman sculpture that was probably copied from an older Greek statue. The Villa also has jewelry and coin collections. The Villa's library has  20,000 books covering art from these periods.  The Villa also displays the 'Getty kouros', which the museum lists as "Greek, about 530 B.C., or modern forgery" because scientific analysis is inconclusive as to whether the marble statue can be dated back to Greek times. If genuine, the Getty kouros is one of only twelve remaining intact kouroi. The Marbury Hall Zeus is a  tall marble statue that was recovered from the ruins at Tivoli near Rome.

### GettyGuide

The "GettyGuide" has detailed information about the items owned by the museum. This is available both at the Museum, at various points known as "GettyGuide stations", and externally on its website.

## Other websites

- J. Paul Getty Trust official website
- A four-part documentary about the villa and its Roman model, the Villa of the Papyri
- Photos from the Getty Villa
- flickr.com photos tagged with "Getty Villa"

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: Getty Villa
- **image**: 060807-002-GettyVilla001.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250
- **established**: 1954, reopened 2006
- **location**: 17985 Pacific Coast Highway (US), Pacific Coast Highway,  Pacific Palisades, California
- **type**: Art museum
- **collection**: 44,000 Greek, Roman, and Etruscan antiquities
- **visitors**: 453,902 (2016)
- **director**: Timothy Potts
- **publictransit**: Metro Express (Los Angeles County)#534, 534
**Note:** Ticket must be punched by bus operator in order to enter the Getty Villa
Yi Ui-bang

**Yi Ui-bang** (, ? - 1174) was a Korean Goryeo dynasty soldier and politician. He was the father-in-law of King Gangjong and grandfather of King Gojong.

## Life

In 1170 Yi joined the Goryeo warrior rebellion. In 1174, he was murdered by Jeong Kyun.

His younger brother Yi In was the ancestor of Yi Seonggye, the founder of the Joseon dynasty.

## Other websites

- http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=127558
- http://people.aks.ac.kr/front/tabCon/ppl/pplView.aks?pplId=PPL_5COb_A9999_1_0010319
- http://www.sanzoa.net/lee/gosa_13.htm
- 리인 - 전주이씨
Left-wing fascism

**Left-wing fascism** (or ** left fascism**) is the contested idea that left-wing politics can emulate and practice the ideology of fascism. Fascism is traditionally identified as a far-right ideology. Left-wing fascism was first discussed in the 1960s as a critique of communist student movements. Today, the term is related to red fascism, that equates Stalinism and other variants of Marxism–Leninism with fascism.. The term has been discussed academically by sociologists such as Jürgen Habermas and Irving Louis Horowitz.

## Related pages

- Authoritarianism
- Horseshoe theory
- Stalinism
- Totalitarianism
- Fasces (the symbol of fascism)
Gacy (movie)

***Gacy*** is a 2003 American biographical crime drama movie directed by Clive Saunders and written by Saunders and David Birke. The movie is based on the life of John Wayne Gacy, an American rapist and serial killer in Illinois. The movie was rated "R" by the Motion Picture Association of America, and stars Mark Holton as John Wayne Gacy.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Gacy
- **director**: Clive Saunders
- **producer**: Tim Swain
Larry Rattner
- **writer**: Clive Saunders
David Birke
- **starring**: Mark Holton
- **music**: Mark Fontana
Erik Godal
- **cinematography**: Kristian Bernier
- **editing**: Jeff Orgill
Chryss Terry
- **studio**: DEJ Productions
Península Films
- **distributor**: Lions Gate Entertainment, Lionsgate
- **runtime**: 88 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $250,000
Dear Mr. Gacy

***Dear Mr. Gacy*** is a 2010 Canadian crime drama movie thriller directed by Svetozar Ristovski. The movie stars William Forsythe as American serial killer John Wayne Gacy. It is based on a book by Jason Moss, _The Last Victim_. The movie was rated "R" by the Motion Picture Association of America.

## Infobox (television film)

- **name**: Dear Mr. Gacy
- **director**: Svetozar Ristovski
- **producer**: Clark Peterson
Tom Berry
Gordon Yang
- **writer**: Kellie Madison
Jason Moss (writer), Jason Moss
- **starring**: Jesse Moss
William Forsythe
Emma Lahana
Patrick Gilmore (actor), Patrick Gilmore
- **music**: Terry Frewer
- **cinematography**: Larry Lynn
- **editing**: Scott Belyea
- **country**: Canada
- **language**: English
Wyomia Tyus

**Wyomia Tyus** (pronunciation: _why-o-ma_; born August 29, 1945 in Griffin, Georgia, United States) is an American athlete. She was the first person to win and keep the Olympic title in the 100 m. She participated in the 1964 Summer Olympics at age 19. In the heats of the event, she equalled Wilma Rudolph's World Record. She was in a good position for the final. Her main rival was another American, Edith McGuire. Tyus won the final, beating McGuire by two tenths of a second. At the same Olympics, she also won a silver medal with the 4 x 100 m relay team.

Tyus continued to compete and won national championships in sprint events and a gold medal in the 200 m at the Pan-American Games. In 1968, she returned to the Olympics to defend her title in the 100 m. In the final, she set a new World Record of 11.08 seconds. She became the first woman to hold the Olympic 100 m title through a second Olympic Games. Tyus also finished sixth in the 200 m. She ran the final leg for the relay team and helped set a new World Record. Winning the relay was her third gold medal.

Tyus retired from amateur sports after the 1968 Olympics. She became a member of the National Track & Field Hall of Fame in 1980 and the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame in 1985.

## Other websites

- Georgia Sports Hall of Fame
- Wyomia Tyus Olympic Park
- Women's Sports Illustrated
- New Georgia Encyclopedia
Willie Mosconi

**William Joseph Mosconi** (; June 27, 1913 – September 17, 1993) was an American professional pool (pocket billiards) player from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is best known as **Willie Mosconi**. Between 1941 and 1957, he won the World Straight Pool Championship 15 times--more than any other player. He was one the first people to become a member of the Billiard Congress of America Hall of Fame. Mosconi created many trick shots that he used often. He set many records and helped make pool a popular recreation activity.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Willie Mosconi
- **other names**: "Mr. Pocket Billiards"
- **birth name**: William Joseph Mosconi
- **birth date**: June 27, 1913
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Haddon Heights, New Jersey, U.S.
- **death cause**: Heart attack
Yuri Lyubimov

**Yuri Petrovich Lyubimov** (September 30, 1917 – October 5, 2014) was an Soviet and Russian actor and director, founder of the internationally-renowned Taganka Theatre. He is one of the leading names in the Russian theatre world.

After service in the Soviet Army during the World War II, Lyubimov joined the Vakhtangov Theatre. In 1953, he received the _USSR State Prize_. Lyubimov started teaching in 1963 and formed the Taganka Theatre the following year. Under Lyubimov, the theatre became the most popular in Moscow, with Vladimir Vysotsky and Alla Demidova as the leading actors.

After Vysotsky's death in 1980, all of Lyubimov's productions were banned by the Communist authorities. In 1984, he was stripped of Soviet citizenship. Thereupon Lyubimov worked abroad before returning to the Taganka Theatre in 1989. While in the West he maintained a busy directing career. In the US he directed _Crime and Punishment_ at Arena Stage and _Lulu_ at the Lyric Opera of Chicago. In 1983 he directed _Crime and Punishment_ in London, winning the Evening Standard Award for Best Director.

His staging of _Eugene Onegin_ premiered in the Taganka on his 85th birthday to much critical acclaim.

In June, 2011 Lyubimov left the Taganka theatre.

Lyubimov died at 97 after being admitted to the Botkin Clinic in Moscow with heart failure.

## Selected filmography

- _Michurin_ (1948)

## Other websites

- Website on Lyubimov

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Yuri Petrovich Lyubimov
<small>Юрий Петрович Любимов</small>
- **image**: Yuriy Lyubimov.jpg
- **birth place**: Yaroslavl, Russian Provisional Government, Russian Republic
- **death place**: Moscow, Russia
- **occupation**: Stage actor, theatre director
- **years active**: 1935–2014
- **spouse**: Katalin Lyubimova
- **website**: http://www.lyubimov.info
8213: Gacy House

***8213: Gacy House*** is a 2010 horror movie. It was directed by Dan T. Hall. The plot follows paranormal investigators searching a house that was built on the land of serial killer John Wayne Gacy.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: 8213: Gacy House
- **director**: Dan T. Hall
- **producer**: David Michael Latt, David Rimawi, Paul Bales
- **writer**: Anthony Fankhauser
- **music**: Chris Ridenhour (trailer only)
- **cinematography**: Matt Hoelfer
- **distributor**: The Asylum
- **runtime**: 90 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Jeong Mong-ju

**Jeong Mong-ju** (, Hanja:鄭夢周, 1337 - April 1392) was a Korean Goryo Dynasty politician, writer, poet and thinker. The last Prime Minister of Goryo Dynastys 1390 to 1392. He was murdered by Lee Bang-won (이방원) and Jo yeong-mu (조영무), in Sunjukkyo (선죽교). Another name was 'Mongran' (몽란, 夢蘭) and 'Mongryong' (몽룡, 夢龍), nickname was **Poeun** (포은, 圃隱).

## Books

- Poeunjip (포은집)
- Poeunsigo (포은시고)

## Related pages

- Jeong Do-jeon
- Neo Confucianism

## References

- http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=136035
- http://koreandb.nate.com/history/people/detail?sn=3586
Jeong Do-jeon

**Jeong Do-jeon** (, Hanja:鄭道傳, 1337(?) - August 26, 1398) was a Korean Goryo Dynasty politician, educators and Joseon Dynasty politician, educator, writer, poet and thinker. First Prime minister of Joseon Dynastys 1392 to 1398. In 1398 he was murdered by Lee Bang-won. Another name was 'Jongji'(종지, 宗之), nickname was **Sambong**(삼봉, 三峯).

## Works

- Sambongjip (삼봉집, 三峯集)
- Joseongyeonggukjeon (조선경국전, 朝鮮經國典)
- Gyeongjemungam (경제문감, 經濟文鑑)
- Gyeongjeuiron (경제의론, 經濟議論)
- Bulssijapbyeon (불씨잡변, 佛氏雜辨)
- Simmuncheondap (심문천답, 心問天答)
- Simgiri (심기리, 心氣理)
- Hakjajinamdo (학자지남도, 學者指南圖)
- Jinmaekdogyeol (진맥도결, 診脈圖結)
- Goryeoguksa (고려국사, 高麗國史)
- Jinbeop (진법, 陣法)
- Daemyeongryuljikhae (대명률직해, 大明律直解)

## Related pages

- Jeong Mong-ju
- Goryeo Dynastys
- Joseon Dynastys
- Neo Confucianism
- Yi Seak
- Gil Jae
- Gyunggukdaejeon

## References

- http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=135920
- http://koreandb.nate.com/history/people/detail?sn=3622
Swing (seat)

A **swing** is a hanging seat. It is usually found in a playground for children. Acrobats in a circus can also have swings which hang from the top of the tent. Sometimes chairs in gardens are made to swing gently.

The seat of a swing is suspended from chains or ropes. The child sits on the swing and kicks off from the ground with his feet.  The swing then starts to swing to and fro.  The child can make the swing go higher by pulling (as he goes forwards) and pushing (as he goes backwards) the rope and by making his legs straight as it goes up. Once a swing is in motion it continues to oscillate like a pendulum until something brings it to a halt.

In children's playgrounds some swings are made for very young children.  They have safety bars with holes for the legs. Their parents can push them to help the swing. At the highest point on a swing, the person sitting on it is weightless.

Usually the ground is grassy, sandy, or padded with rubber so riders do not hurt themselves badly if they fall off, although this should not happen if they are being sensible. Sometimes several swings are hung from one long metal or wooden frame.

Many children have swings in their own gardens or back yards.  A tyre (or tire) can be hung by a rope from the branch of a tree to make a swing.
Suzuka, Mie

is a Japanese city in Mie Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

As of 2008, the city has an estimated population of 197,437 and a population density of 1,010 people per km². The total area is 194.67 km².

Suzuki is about 83 km east from Nara, and 52 km southwest from Nagoya.

## History

In the Edo period, _Ishiyakushi-juku_ and _Shōno-juku_ were 44th and 45th of the 53 shogunate-maintained waystations (_shuku-eki_) along the Tōkaidō road which connected Edo and Kyoto. Both Tōkaidō rest stops are within the boundaries of modern Suzuka.

In December 1942, two towns and twelve villages were merged to form Suzuka. It was a military administered city, and had a population of 52,000. After World War II, many automotive companies and other industries moved into Suzuka.

## Local Dialects

Suzuka is by the Suzuka Quasi National Park (the boundary between Suzuka and Shiga). Since the industrial boom, it has been a interchange point for the main commuter train lines. With the mix of commuters passing through Suzuka city, the local dialect (_hōgen_) is a mixture of three, variations of Japanese.

## Industry

Suzuka has a significant industrial base. It has large factories for both Sharp and Honda.

## Motor racing circuit

Suzuka Circuit was the home of the Japanese Grand Prix from 1987 to 2006.

The Grand Prix returned in 2009 and the racing continues through the present.

It was the only figure-of-eight circuit in the championship, and is very popular with the drivers.

Next to the circuit is the Honda Safety Riding/Driving School. Thousands of car and motorcycle drivers have been trained at the school.  Graduates include many police officers and instructors throughout the world.

## Related pages

- _The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō_

## Other websites

- Suzuka City website 
- Hiroshige prints, Ishiyakushi , Shono

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Suzuka
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: Suzuka City Hall.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Suzuka City Hall
- **image flag**: Flag of Suzuka, Mie.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Suzuka, Mie.svg
- **image map**: Suzuka in Mie Prefecture Ja.svg
- **mapsize**: 265px
- **map caption**: **Suzuka** in Mie Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin map caption**: **Suzuka** in Japan
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Kansai region, Kansai
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Noriko Suematsu
- **area total km2**: 194.5
- **population total**: 195,670
- **population as of**: October 1, 2020
- **population density km2**: 1,006
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time, JST
- **utc offset1**: +09:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 513-8701
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 24207-1
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 059-382-1100
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 1-18-18 Kanbe, Suzuka-shi, Mie-ken
Yeongam

**Yeongam** is a county in South Jeolla Province of South Korea. It borders Mokpo and Naju to the north, Jangheung County to the east, and Haenam and Gangjin to the south. Yeongam contains two towns, called _eups_, and nine townships, called _myeons_. The populated is about 60,000 people, and the county hall is seated in Yeongam-eup.

In 2010, the first ever Korean Grand Prix was held next to the harbor, at the Korean International Circuit. The track was designed by Hermann Tilke. The circuit is part permanent, part temporary. Construction began in 2007, and was completed in September/October 2010. The circuit will host the Grand Prix until 2016. After that, a 5-year option would have to be picked up to keep the race until at least 2021.

## Sister cities

- Huzhou, China
- Yeongdeungpo, Seoul, South Korea

## Other websites

- Official website of the County Government

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Yeongam
- **native name lang**: Korean
- **settlement type**: County
- **translit lang1**: Korean
- **translit lang1 type1**: Hangul
- **translit lang1 info1**: 영암군
- **translit lang1 type2**: Hanja
- **translit lang1 info2**: 靈巖郡
- **translit lang1 info3**: Yeongam-gun
- **translit lang1 info4**: Yŏng'am-gun
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image map**: Map Yeongam-gun.png
- **mapsize**: 280px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Korea, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Honam
- **population blank1 title**: Dialect
- **population blank1**: Jeolla dialect, Jeolla
- **area total km2**: 544.48
- **population as of**: 2001
- **population total**: 65268
- **population density km2**: 120
- **parts type**: Administrative divisions of South Korea, Administrative divisions
- **parts**: 2 _eups_, 9 _myeons_
Alienation

**Alienation** is the feeling of being left out, not belonging or not understanding yourself in relation to your environment. Alienation can be talked about in many ways. In psychology, researchers talk about alienation in terms of how well or unwell people fit in to their social groups. This may include how well people relate to their peers in a school or workplace, and how connected they feel to those around them.

In sociology, alienation is a more complex and difficult idea. Alienation is how people understand themselves in relation to their entire society. A good example of this is how people think of themselves when they are working and doing a job. Karl Marx wrote about this. This kind of alienation happens when people do work that they are not interested in or find boring. However, in almost all societies some people may have to do jobs that they don't like because they need to earn money. This can be seen as a type of alienation because a person's true feelings and their actions are separated and unrelated. On the other hand, a person might feel empowered and connected if they do a job that they do like. Empowerment and the feeling of being connected is the opposite of alienation.

Alienation is also a key element in the existentialism of Sartre and Camus. The connection between these ideas is the theme of Colin Wilson's _The Outsider_ (1956). Anomie is another related idea.

## Other page

- Existential crisis
- Social isolation
Josef Hickersberger

**Josef Hickersberger** (born 27 April 1948 in Amstetten, Austria) is a former Austrian footballer. He played as a midfielder. He is now a football manager. He was twice coach of the Austrian national football team.

### Player

He started playing professional football in 1966 for FK Austria Wien. After six seasons he went to Germany playing for Kickers Offenbach and Fortuna Düsseldorf. Coming back to Austria he played for Wacker Innsbruck and later for SK Rapid Wien. After finishing as a professional he played for the amateur squads of Badener AC, UFC Pama, SV Forchtenstein and WSV Traisen. In Traisen he had his first time as coach. He played 372 matches in the leagues of Austria and Germany scoring 71 goals.

He played 39 matches for the Austrian national football team and scored five goals. His first match was against Romania. His last match was the 3–2 win versus Germany during the 1978 FIFA World Cup.

## International statistics

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="11"|Austria|1968|1|0|
|1969|1|0|||
|1970|6|0|||
|1971|4|0|||
|1972|6|4|||
|1973|2|0|||
|1974|1|1|||
|1975|2|0|||
|1976|3|1|||
|1977|5|0|||
|1978|8|0|||

- _Scores and results list Austria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hickersberger goal._

|scope="col"|No.|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Venue|scope="col"|Opponent|scope="col"|Score|scope="col"|Result|scope="col"|Competition|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|30 April 1972|Praterstadion, Vienna, Austria||1–0|4-0|1974 FIFA World Cup qualification||||||||
|2|2-0|||||||||||||
|3|3-0|||||||||||||
|4|11 April 1989|Stadionul Central, Craiova,  Romania||1-1|1-0|Friendly match||||||||
|5|10 November 1976|Nationalstadion,   Kavala,   Greece||1-0|3-0|Friendly match||||||||

### Manager

He was the coach of the Austrian national football team during the 1990 FIFA World Cup and the 2008 UEFA European Championship. After losing a qualifying match versus the  Faroe Islands he resigned and coached Fortuna Düsseldorf and Austria Wien. The years between 1994 and 2004 he spent in the Arabian region coaching various club teams and national teams. In 2002 he went back to Austria and became coach of SK Rapid Wien. In this time Rapid won the first championship since 1995. The team also qualified for the UEFA Champions League. In 2006 he became again coach of the Austrian soccer team and played in the EURO 2008. After the event he resigned and went back to Arabia.

### As a player

- **Austrian Football Bundesliga (3):**
    - 1969, 1970, 1982
- **Austrian Cup (3):**
    - 1969, 1971, 1979
- Member of the squad for the FIFA World Cup 1978

### As a manager

- **Austrian Cup (1):**
    - 1994
- **Bahraini Premier League (1):**
    - 1996
- **Qatari League (1):**
    - 2002
- **Austrian Football Bundesliga (1):**
    - 2005
Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia

The **Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia** (translates to _united self-defense groups of Colombia_, officially called **United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia** in English) is a grouping of far-right paramilitary organisations in Colombia. The group was founded in 1977, from several independent groups active in the 1960s and 1970s. Their official goal is to fight the guerilla active in Colombia, the FARC and ELN. They are among the main actors of the armed conflict in Colombia. In Colombia, the European Union, and the United States considers the AUC as a terrorist organisation.
Brian Dennehy

**Brian Mannion Dennehy** (July 9, 1938 – April 15, 2020) was an American actor, director, and producer. Dennehy acted in many movies, such as _First Blood_, _A Real American Hero_, and _To Catch a Killer_. He won two Tony Awards and one Golden Globe Award.

Dennehy died on April 15, 2020 at his home in New Haven, Connecticut, aged 81. The cause of death was cardiac arrest caused by sepsis.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Brian Dennehy
- **image**: Brian Dennehy DF-SD-05-12671.jpg
- **caption**: Dennehy in 2003
- **birthname**: Brian Mannion Dennehy
- **birth place**: Bridgeport, Connecticut, Bridgeport, Connecticut, U.S.
- **death place**: New Haven, Connecticut, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **spouse**: Judith Scheff (1959–1974)
Jennifer Arnott (1988–2020)
- **yearsactive**: 1957–2020
Sapotaceae

**Sapotaceae** is a family of flowering plants, belonging to order Ericales. The family includes about 800 species of evergreen trees and shrubs in approximately 65 genera (35-75, depending on generic definition). Distribution is pantropical.The best known member of this family is the shea tree,Vitellaria Paradoxa.
Annonaceae

**Annonaceae** (custard-apple, or annona family) is the largest family of the magnolia order. It has 129 genera and 2,400 species.

Many species are valuable for their large pulpy fruits. Some are useful for their timber, while others are prized as ornamentals. The family consists of trees, shrubs, and woody climbers found mainly in the tropics, with a few species in temperate regions.

Their fruits defend themselves against some herbivores. Eating the neotropical plant _Annona muricata_ (soursop, _graviola, guanabana_) is a causal agent in "atypical Parkinsonism". The causative agent, annonacin, is present in the seeds and leaves of many of the Annonaceae, though not in any significant quantity in the fruit flesh. It is thought to be responsible for up to 70% of Parkinsonian conditions in Guadeloupe. Exposure is typically through traditional food and natural medicines. It is hard to interpret this. Presumably some favoured herbivores can eat it without ill effects. In some plants, seeds contain irritants to encourage early defecation.

## Sources

- Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Annonaceae
- University of Hawaii, Botany Department. Annonaceae
2010 Asian Games

The **2010 Asian Games** was a many-sport event held in Guangzhou, China from November 12 to November 27, 2010. This was the second time that any Chinese city had hosted the Games, after Beijing in 1990. A total of 9,704 athletes from 45 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) competed in 476 events from 42 sports and disciplines, making it the biggest event in the history of Asian Games.
Telomere

A **telomere** is a region of DNA at the end of a chromosome. It protects the end of the chromosome from deteriorating (getting worse) or fusing (joining) with other chromosomes.

The telomeres are made of repeated sequences of DNA ('repetitive DNA'). During cell division, enzymes that duplicate DNA cannot continue their work all the way to the end of chromosomes. If cells divided without telomeres, they would lose the ends of their chromosomes, and the information they contain.

The telomeres are disposable buffers blocking the ends of the chromosomes. They are destroyed during cell division, and are remade by an enzyme, telomerase reverse transcriptase.

The Australian Elizabeth Blackburn and the Americans Carol Greider and Jack Szostak won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on telomeres.
Gernot Jurtin

**Gernot Jurtin** (9 October 1955 – 5 December 2006) was an Austrian football striker. He had a long stay with S.K. Sturm Graz and over 100 goals.

## Career

He started his career with WSV Judenburg and went to SK Sturm Graz in 1974. In 378 matches he scored 119 goals in the league. Together with Božo Bakota he formed a dangerous striker duo. In 1980–81 he was the best scorer of the Austrian Bundesliga.

Between 1979 and 1983, he played 12 times for Austria, scoring one goal. He made two appearances for them in the 1982 FIFA World Cup, against Chile and Northern Ireland.

## International statistics

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="5"|Austria|1979|1|0|
|1980|2|0|||
|1981|1|1|||
|1982|5|0|||
|1983|3|0|||

- _Scores and results list Austria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Jurtin goal._

|scope="col"|No.|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Venue|scope="col"|Opponent|scope="col"|Score|scope="col"|Result|scope="col"|Competition|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|17 June 1981|Linzer Stadion,  Linz, Austria||5-0|5-1|1982 FIFA World Cup qualification||||||||

## Honours

- Austrian Bundesliga Top Goalscorer:
    - 1981

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Gernot Jurtin
- **fullname**: Gernot Jurtin
- **birth place**: Scheifling, Austria
- **death place**: Altenmarkt im Pongau, Austria
- **position**: Forward
- **years1**: 1974–1987
- **clubs1**: Sturm Graz
- **caps1**: 373
- **goals1**: 119
- **nationalyears1**: 1979–1983
- **nationalteam1**: Austria national football team, Austria
- **nationalcaps1**: 12
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
Gene Colan

**Eugene (Gene) Jules Colan** (September 1, 1926 — June 23, 2011) was an American comic book artist. He worked for the comic book publishers DC and Marvel for over 60 years. He drew comics for Batman, Wonder Woman, Iron Man, Captain America and Daredevil. He was well known for his artwork on the Tomb of Dracula where he was able to create atmosphere through the use of shadows.

He was born in the Bronx, New York in 1926. His parents were Jewish migrants from Germany who had changed their name from Cohen. Colan served in the US Air Force in the Philippines during World War II. His first comics were called Army Life and were published in the Manila Times. In 2010 he won an Eisner Award for a Captain America story.
Woodward–Hoffmann rules

The **Woodward–Hoffmann rules** are a set of organic chemistry rules to predict the stereochemistry of pericyclic reactions. Pericyclic reactions are usually rearrangement reactions where the molecule is a ring (e.g. benzene ring).  They were written by Robert Burns Woodward (a chemistry professor at Harvard University) and Roald Hoffmann (a chemistry professor at Cornell University). Hoffmann was awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work, shared with Kenichi Fukui who developed a similar model. Woodward did not share the prize because he died two years before. Generally, the Nobel Prize is awarded only to living people. Woodward had already won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for a different discovery.

A recent paper in the journal _Nature_ describes how mechanical stress can be used to reshape chemical reaction pathways to lead to products that apparently violate Woodward–Hoffman rules.

## Related pages

- Woodward's rules for calculating UV absorptions
- Torquoselectivity

## Other websites

- _Symmetry rules!_, Sophie Wilkinson Chemical & Engineering News January 27, **2003** Volume 81, Number 04 CENEAR 81 04 pp. 59 ISSN 0009-2347 Article
- "SHMO calculator", Simple Huckel molecular orbital theory calculator Link
Juno (spacecraft)

**Juno** is an unmanned NASA New Frontiers spacecraft. It studies the planet Jupiter from orbit. It is the first mission to an outer planet to use solar panel<nowiki/>s for power instead of a radioisotope thermoelectric generator. The spacecraft was launched on August 5, 2011 from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and entered a polar orbit of Jupiter on July 5, 2016. Scott Bolton is leading the mission.

Juno's main goal is to understand the origin and evolution of Jupiter. Juno will also study the planet's atmospheric composition, gravity field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere.

## Infobox (spaceflight/ip)

- **type**: flyby
- **object**: Earth
- **arrival date**: October 9, 2013


## Infobox (spaceflight/ip)

- **type**: orbiter
- **object**: Jupiter
- **orbits**: 37 (planned)
- **arrival date**: July 5, 2016, 03:53 UTC

- **periapsis**: altitude
  radius
- **inclination**: 90 degrees (polar orbit)
- **apsis**: jove


## Infobox (spaceflight/instruments)

- **acronym1**: MWR
- **name1**: Microwave Radiometer (Juno), Microwave Radiometer
- **acronym2**: JIRAM
- **name2**: Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper
- **acronym3**: MAG
- **name3**: Magnetometer (Juno), Magnetometer
- **acronym4**: GRAV
- **name4**: Gravity Science (Juno), Gravity Science
- **acronym5**: JADE
- **name5**: Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment
- **acronym6**: JEDI
- **name6**: JEDI, Jovian Energetic Particle Detector Instrument
- **acronym7**: Waves
- **name7**: Waves (Juno), Radio and Plasma Wave Sensor
- **acronym8**: UVS
- **name8**: UVS (Juno), Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph


## Infobox (spaceflight)

- **auto**: all
- **name**: _Juno_
- **image**: Juno Transparent.png
- **image caption**: Artist's rendering of the _Juno_ spacecraft
- **image size**: 300px
- **mission type**: Jupiter orbiter
- **operator**: NASAJet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL
- **cospar id**: 2011-040A
- **satcat**: 37773
- **mission duration**: Planned: 7 years
 Elapsed:

Cruise:
 Science phase: 4 years (extended until September 2025)
- **manufacturer**: Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Lockheed Martin
- **power**: 14 kW at Earth, 435 Watt, W at Jupiter
 2 × 55-ampere-hour lithium-ion battery, lithium-ion batteries
- **launch date**:  UTC
- **launch rocket**: Atlas V, Atlas V 551 (AV-029)
- **launch site**: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Cape Canaveral Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41, SLC-41
- **launch contractor**: United Launch Alliance
- **programme**: **New Frontiers program**
- **previous mission**: _New Horizons_
- **next mission**: _OSIRIS-REx_
- **insignia**: Juno mission insignia.svg
- **insignia caption**: _Juno_ mission insignia
- **insignia size**: 140x140px
Mark Holton

**Mark Holton** (born April 2, 1958) is an American actor. His movies include _Hoboken Hollow_ (2007), _Gacy_, _The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle_ (2000) and _Little Giants_ (1994).

Holton went to school at Northeastern State University in Tahlequah, Oklahoma.

## Infobox (person)

- **birth place**: Oklahoma, United States
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1983–present
William Forsythe

**William Forsythe** (born June 7, 1955) is an American actor. Forsythe played Al Capone in the television series _The Untouchables_. Forsythe has also played Sammy Gravano in the HBO movie _Gotti_ and the serial killer John Wayne Gacy in _Dear Mr. Gacy_.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: William Forsythe
- **image**: Forsythe.jpg
- **caption**: William Forsythe, 2007
- **birth place**: Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1978–present
Toyota Prius

The **Toyota Prius** is a hybrid vehicle from the Japanese automobile producer Toyota. It is called 'hybrid' because it has two different engines: a gasoline engine (combustion engine) and

an electric motor. Because of the electric motor, it uses less fuel than a normal gasoline automobile when driving at low speeds (for example in the city).

The electric motor uses batteries for its power, and these batteries are charged by a dynamo when the gasoline engine is used at higher speeds.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Toyota Prius
- **image**: Toyota Prius (XW60) Plug-in Hybrid IMG 9905.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Toyota
- **production**: December 1997 – present
- **model years**: 2001–present (US)
- **sp**: uk
Foxhall (Washington, D.C.)

**Foxhall** is a rich neighborhood in Washington, D.C.. It is bordered by Reservoir Road on the north side and Foxhall Road on the west and south sides. Glover-Archibold Park makes up the eastern border.
The first homes were constructed along Reservoir Road and Greenwich Park Way in the mid-1920s. By the end of December, 1927, some 150 homes had been erected, and the community given the name of Foxhall Village.

Foxhall is mostly residential. Foxhall has a distinct architecture. The vast majority of the homes are a brick Tudor style.

## Other websites

- Foxhall Community Citizens Association

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Foxhall Village Historic District
- **nrhp type**: hd
- **nocat**: yes
- **image**: Foxhall2.jpg
- **caption**: Tudor-Style Row Houses in Foxhall
- **location**: Bounded by Reservoir Rd. NW, Glover-Archbold Park, P St. NW & Foxhall Rd. NW.
Washington, D.C.
- **architecture**: Tudor Revival architecture, Tudor Revival
- **added**: November 29, 2007
- **refnum**: 07001221
- **district map**: DC Neighborhoods - Foxhall.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Washington, D.C., with Foxhall highlighted in maroon
James Jabara

**James "Jabby" Jabara** (10 October 1923, Muskogee, Oklahoma – 17 November 1966) was the first American pilot to shoot down 5 Mig-15 airplanes in Korea.  He was then transferred to Washington DC for duty before returning to K-14 Kimpo, Korea.  He was the Executive Officer in the 334th Fighter Interceptor Squadron. While stationed there he was responsible for 10 more Mig kills thus making him a triple ace.

## Early life

Jabara's father operated a grocery store at the corner of 3rd and Martin Luther King streets.  At an early age the family moved to Kansas. According to newspaper reports he died in a car crash along with a daughter in 1966.  He was also a fighter pilot in world war 2.  In Korea he was flying F-86 Sabre Jets in the 334th Fighter Interceptor Squadron formerly known as the Fighting Eagles Squadron formed in England before we entered world war 2.
Yashoda

**Yasoda/Yashoda** () was the wife of Nanda in the Puranic books of Hinduism.
Edvard Beneš

** Edvard Beneš** (28 May 1884 in Kožlany – 3 September 1948 in Sezimovo Ústí) was the second president of Czechoslovakia (1935 - 1938 and 1945 - 1948). During World War II, he led the government-in-exile in England (1939 - 1945). The next president was Klement Gottwald, a communist.
Johns Hopkins Hospital

The **Johns Hopkins Hospital** (**JHH**) is the teaching hospital and biomedical research of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, located in Baltimore, Maryland, in the U.S.

It was founded in 1889 by Johns Hopkins.

It is thought to be one of the greatest hospitals in the world. It was ranked by _U.S. News & World Report_ news magazine as the best overall hospital in America for 21 years (1991–2011).
To Catch a Killer

***To Catch a Killer*** is a television movie from 1992. It was directed by Eric Till, and starred Brian Dennehy and Michael Riley. The movie is based on the true story of the pursuit of American serial killer John Wayne Gacy.

## Other websites

- _To Catch a Killer_ at IMDb

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: To Catch a Killer
- **director**: Eric Till
- **producer**: Richard O. Lowry
- **writer**: Jud Kinberg
- **starring**: Brian Dennehy
Michael Riley
- **music**: Paul Zaza
- **cinematography**: Rene Ohashi
- **editing**: Ralph Brunjes
- **studio**: Creative Entertainment Group
- **released**: 15 May 1992 (USA)
- **runtime**: 360 min.
- **country**: Canada
United States
- **language**: English
Kazimierz Świątek

**Kazimierz Świątek** (; born October 21, 1914 – died July 21, 2011) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal in Belarus. He was sentenced to death by the Soviet Union, but escaped after two months.He later spent nine years in hard labor in the Gulag and survived.

## Early life

Świątek was born at Valga in the Apostolic Administration of Estonia on October 21, 1914. He graduated from the Major Seminary in Pinsk, Belarus.  Świątek was ordained as a priest on April 8, 1939 He was sent to work in Pruzhany.

## Death sentence

In Pruzhany in 1939, Świątek was accused of spying. He was found guilty in a Stalinist show trial, and sentenced to death. A _show trial_ is a highly public trial where the sentence has been decided before the trial starts. When German troops gained control of the territory, Świątek was able to escape from prison and avoid his execution.

## Siberian labor camp

Świątek was arrested by the KGB on December 18, 1944. He was in  Minsk until July 21, 1945. Świątek   was sentenced to 10 years of hard labor in the Gulag concentration camps. He spent two years in Mariinsk, Siberia, and seven years north of the polar circle in Vorkuta and Inta. He was released on June 16, 1954. He returned to Pinsk and his pastoral work in the cathedral parish.

## Leadership in the church

On April 13, 1991, Pope John Paul II appointed the 77 year old Świątek the first archbishop of the new archdiocese of Minsk-Mohilev. He was also appointed the Apostolic Administrator of the diocese of Pinsk.

On November 26, 1994, Pope John Paul II named Świątek Cardinal. On February 11, 1999, Cardinal Świątek was elected the first president of the Conference of Catholic Bishops in Belarus. On the 14th of June 2006 Pope Benedict XVI accepted Świątek's resignation from the pastoral care of the Archdiocese of Minsk.

## Other websites

- Roman Catholic Church in Belarue
- His Eminence Cardinal Kazimierz Świątek

## Infobox (religious leader)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Eminence
- **name**: Kazimierz Świątek
- **image**: Kazimir Sviontek 03.jpg
- **alt**: Cardinal Kazimierz Świątek
- **caption**: Cardinal Kazimierz Świątek
- **religion**: Christian
- **religion type**: Denomination
- **religion name**: Roman Catholicism, Roman Catholic
- **office**: Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal
- **birth place**: Walk, Russian Empire, now Valga, Estonia.
- **death place**: Pinsk, Belarus
- **began**: 1994
- **ended**: 2011 (death)
- **other posts**: Archbishop Minsk-Mohilev, Apostolic Administrator of Pinsk
- **honors**: Fidei terris Award
- **known for**: Surviving a Soviet death sentence and the Gulag
Roland Petit

**Roland Petit** (13 January 1924 – 10 July 2011) was a French choreographer who wrote dances for Rudolf Nureyev and was later in charge of the Paris Opera.

He was born in 1924 at Villemomble, France and began ballet lessons at the age of nine at the Paris Opera's School of Dance. After World War II, Petit started several ballet companies in Paris, as well as creating 11 ballets for the Paris Opera. He worked in Hollywood for four years and choreographed the 1953 ballet "The Lady in the Ice" with Orson Welles. He also worked on movies including "Hans Christian Andersen" starring Danny Kaye (1952), "Daddy Long Legs" with Fred Astaire and Leslie Caron (1955) and "Anything Goes" with Bing Crosby and Zizi Jeanmaire (1956).

In 1970 he was head of the Paris Opera and wrote works for Nureyev and Margot Fonteyn. He then did the choreography for the Casino de Paris. He has also worked with the San Francisco Ballet, the Bolshoi (Moscow), La Scala (Milan), the Asami Maki Ballet (Tokyo) and the National Ballet of China. He spent the last part of his life working with the National Ballet of Marseille-Roland Petit.