Liverpool

**Liverpool** is a city in North West England, United Kingdom with a population of about 485,000 in 2015. It is part of the Liverpool-Birkenhead metropolitan area, the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the UK. The local government is Liverpool City Council.

Liverpool is on the eastern side of the River Mersey. It used to lie in the old area of West Derby in the south west of Lancashire. It became a borough in 1207 and a city in 1880. In 1889, it became separate from Lancashire. Liverpool's growth as a large port was matched by the growth of the city during the Industrial Revolution.

It was most famous as a port during the late 19th and early 20th century. It is the birthplace of the famous rock group The Beatles. It is also famous because of its football teams, Everton F.C. and Liverpool F.C.

People from Liverpool are called Liverpudlians or Scousers. People from Birkenhead are called "Plastic Scousers" by some.

## History

Liverpool became very important due to trade in sugar, tobacco and especially slaves. In 1818, the Black Ball Line, with a fleet of sailing ships, offered the first regular passenger service with emphasis on passenger comfort, from England to the United States.

In the 19th Century, transatlantic trade and passenger travel was served to destinations such as New York City from Liverpool by:
- Black Ball Line (trans-Atlantic packet) (1817–1877)
- Cunard Line (1840–)
- White Star Line (1845–1934)
- Collins Line (1818–1858)
- Leyland Line (1873–1901)
- Guion Line (1866–1894)
- Inman Line (1850–1893)
In 1830, Liverpool and Manchester became the first cities to have a railway connecting them to each other, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Not including airports in London, Liverpool Airport was the first airport in Britain opening in 1930. In 2008 it was awarded the title European Capital of Culture.

## Geography

Liverpool is a city on the River Mersey, on the coast next to the Irish Sea. On the other side of the river Mersey is the Wirral. In 1846 the Albert Dock was opened and in 1988, turned into a shopping centre.

## Culture

The city is the birthplace of the famous rock group The Beatles and the musical style Merseybeat. It has several art galleries, museums and theatres. The Tate Liverpool is a gallery of modern art, the Walker Art Gallery displays classical art, the Bluecoat and FACT exhibit contemporary art. Museums include the World Museum, the Maritime Museum and the Museum of Liverpool. There are two cathedrals, Liverpool Cathedral which is known as Anglican and Metropolitan Cathedral which is Catholic. There are two famous football clubs, Liverpool F.C. and Everton F.C. It has several parks including Sefton Park and Stanley Park.

## Transport

Liverpool Airport opened in 1930, it was later renamed Liverpool John Lennon Airport. It has three tunnels under the River Mersey, one for trains and two (Queensway and Kingsway) for cars travelling to and from Wirral.

### Rail

It has a local train network called Merseyrail and the station Liverpool Lime Street provides train travel to and from the rest of the United Kingdom. Until the 1950s it also had Liverpool Overhead Railway and Liverpool Corporation Tramways. Liverpool is connected to the West Coast Main Line railway connecting London, Birmingham, Manchester, Edinburgh and Glasgow.

### Road

Motorways running into Liverpool include the M62 from Manchester, the M58 and the M53 from Wirral. The inner ring road is Queens Drive and the outer ring road is the M57.

### Sea and river

Liverpool Cruise Terminal opened in 2007 and provides travel to Europe. Regular ferries services operate to Wirral and the Isle of Man. River cruises operate down the Manchester Ship Canal and the Leeds Liverpool Canal also connects into Liverpool.

## Education

Liverpool has several universities;
- University of Liverpool,
- Liverpool John Moores University,
- Liverpool Hope University
- Liverpool Institute of Performing Arts.

## Famous places

- Albert Dock
- St George's Hall
- Liverpool Cathedral
- Speke Hall
- Merseyside Maritime Museum
- International Slavery Museum
- Tate Liverpool
- The Beatles Story
- Pier Head
- Al-Rahma Mosque
- Goodison Park
- Anfield

## Famous people from Liverpool

- The Beatles (John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr).
- Steven Gerrard, Rangers F.C. Manager, Former Liverpool F.C. & England National Team captain
- Jamie Carragher, Liverpool Football Club Legend
- Tom Baker, actor (_Doctor Who_)
- Ken Dodd, comedian
- Echo and the Bunnymen
- Julian Lennon, musician, son of John Lennon and his first wife, Cynthia.
- Brian Epstein, music mogul
- Frankie Goes to Hollywood, music group
- Gerry Marsden, musician
- Gerry and the Pacemakers, music group
- Cilla Black, entertainer
- Paul O'Grady, former drag act and television presenter
- David Morrissey, actor
- Jason Isaacs, actor
- Miles Kane, musician
- Melanie C, Sporty Spice, member of the Spice Girls
- John Bishop, comedian and actor
- Clive Barker, author & director
- Peter Serafinowicz, actor & comedian
- Kim Cattrall, actress
- Jodie Comer, actress
- Freddie Starr, Comedian, actor & musician

## Development

There has been a lot of development work which is part of a regeneration plan for Liverpool. It is because Liverpool was the Capital of Culture for 2008.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Liverpool
- **nickname**: The Pool
- **settlement type**: Metropolitan borough & City status in the United Kingdom, City
- **image skyline**: Liverpool Pier Head.jpg
- **image caption**: The _three graces_ of Liverpool's waterfront: the Royal Liver Building, the Cunard Building and the Port of Liverpool Building. Visible in the background is Liverpool Cathedral, Liverpool's Anglican Cathedral.
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image blank emblem**: Coat of arms of Liverpool City Council.svg
- **blank emblem type**: Coat of arms of Liverpool City Council
- **blank emblem size**: 150px
- **image map**: EnglandLiverpool.png
- **mapsize**: 200x247px
- **map caption**: Location within England
- **subdivision type**: Sovereign state
- **subdivision name**: United Kingdom
- **subdivision type1**: Constituent country
- **subdivision name1**: England
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: North West England
- **subdivision type3**: Ceremonial counties of England, Ceremonial county
- **subdivision name3**: Merseyside
- **subdivision type4**: Admin HQ
- **subdivision name4**: Liverpool City Centre
- **government type**: Metropolitan borough, City status in the United Kingdom, City
- **leader title**: Governing body
- **leader name**: Liverpool City Council
- **leader name1**: John Reid
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1207
- **established title2**: City Status
- **established date2**: 1880
- **area total km2**: 111.84
- **population as of**: 2007 est / Urban=2006
- **population total**: (List of English districts by population, Ranked )
- **population density km2**: 5001
- **population metro**: 1,103,089
- **population urban**: 816,900
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicity
<small>(2005 Estimate) </small>
- **population blank1**: 91.9% White
2.2% Chinese and other
 2.1% Asian or Asian British
 1.9% Mixed Race
  1.9% Black or Black British
- **blank4 name**: Demonym
- **blank4 info**: Scouser/Liverpudlian
- **timezone**: Greenwich Mean Time
- **utc offset**: +0
- **timezone dst**: British Summer Time
- **utc offset dst**: +1
- **elevation ft**: 230
- **postal code type**: Postal Code
- **postal code**: L postcode area
- **area code**: 0151
- **blank name**: ISO 3166-2:GB, ISO 3166-2
- **blank info**: GB-LIV
- **blank1 name**: ONS coding system, ONS code
- **blank1 info**: 00BY
- **blank2 name**: British national grid reference system, OS grid reference
- **blank3 name**: Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, NUTS 3
- **blank3 info**: UKD52
- **website**: [http://www.liverpool.gov.uk/ www.liverpool.gov.uk]