juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sally Beamish

**Sally Beamish** (born 26 August 1956 in London) is an English composer.  She has written orchestra, chamber music, vocal and choral music.

Sally studied the viola at the Royal Northern College of Music.  Later she studied in Germany and Italy.

Sally started her career playing the viola in a chamber group called the Raphael Ensemble.  The experience of playing in small groups was important for her development as a composer.  Her music often combines and contrasts solo instruments, exploring the sounds they can make.

She has written works for the Swedish and Scottish Chamber Orchestras and has had works performed at the BBC Proms.  Her trumpet concerto, written for Håkan Hardenberger and the National Youth Orchestra of Scotland was performed at the Proms in 2003 with Martyn Brabbins conducting.  She has also written concertos for the flute, viola, saxophone, percussion and accordion and is planning to write concertos for  viola (her third), saxophone quartet and cello.

She has written a stage musical about the Scottish Highlands.  She lives in Scotland with her husband and young daughter.

## Other websites

- Sally Beamish  – official website
Nakhodka

**Nakhodka** (Russian _Находка_) is a port city in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is one of the most eastern cities in Russia. Nakhodka is a port on the Japan Sea. It is located around Nakhodka Bay. _Nakhodka_ means "Lucky find" in Russian.

The village **Amerikanka** was the first permanent settlement at the location of the current city. It was founded in 1907. Nakhodka became an urban-type fishing settlement in 1941. It received  city status on May 19, 1950. This date is now called _City Day_.

## Economy

The economy of the city is based mainly on the port and port-related businesses. This include processing and canning fish. In Soviet times, Nakhodka was the only Soviet port in the Far East open to foreign vessels. After Vladivostok started being used by foreigners in 1991, the port of Nakhodka is not used as much as before. Economic activity in the city has become much less because of this..

Nakhodka is still an important international port. It is the center of the coastal trade. Exports include timber, coal, fluorspar, honey, fish and seafood.

## Infobox (russian city)

- **en name**: Nakhodka
- **ru name**: Находка
- **image skyline**: Nakhodka from West.jpg
- **image caption**: View of Nakhodka
- **map label position**: bottom
- **image coa**: Coat of Arms of Nakhodka (Primorsky_kray).png
- **image flag**: Flag of Nakhodka (Primorsky Krai).svg
- **holiday**: Last Sunday in May
- **federal subject**: Primorsky Krai
- **adm data as of**: December 2013
- **adm city jur**: Nakhodka City of federal subject significance, City Under Krai Jurisdiction
- **adm ctr of**: Nakhodka City Under Krai Jurisdiction
- **inhabloc cat**: City
- **mun data as of**: December 2004
- **urban okrug jur**: Nakhodkinsky Urban Okrug
- **mun admctr of**: Nakhodkinsky Urban Okrug
- **leader title**: Head
- **leader name**: Oleg Kolyadin
- **pop 2010census**: 159719
- **pop 2010census rank**: 110th
- **current cat date**: May 18, 1950
- **postal codes**: 690890, 692900–692906, 692909–692911, 692913, 692914, 692916–692924, 692926, 692928–692930, 692939–692941, 692943, 692952–692954, 692956
- **dialing codes**: 4236
- **website**: http://www.nakhodka-city.ru
- **date**: June 2010
Sumatra

**Sumatra**, known also as _Sumatera_, is the sixth largest island in the world. It is in western Indonesia. It is to the west of the Sunda Islands, and is bordered by the Indian Ocean. Sumatra contains the provinces of Daerah Istimewa Aceh, Riau, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung Islands, Jambi, Bengkulu, Lampung, North Sumatra, South Sumatra, and West Sumatra. Sumatra has an area of about 443,066 km². It is about  long, and  wide, at its widest point. In 2010, about 50 million people lived on Sumatra.

## Other websites

- Sumatera Online
Whigs

The **Whigs** were a political party in the parliaments of England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. The Whigs' start was in constitutional monarchism and disagreement with absolute monarchy. Between the 1680s and 1850s, they tried to win power over their rivals, the Tories. The British prime minister was usually from one of the two parties.

The Whigs played a central role in the Glorious Revolution of 1688, and were the enemies of the Stuart kings and pretenders, who were Roman Catholic. The Whigs took full control of the government in 1715. They held it until King George III, coming to the throne in 1760, allowed Tories back in.

When they held power, the Whigs got rid of the Tories from all major jobs in government, the army, the Church of England, the legal jobs and local officials.

Their most famous leader was Robert Walpole, who kept control of the government from 1721 to 1742.

Later on, many of their ideas were adopted by the Liberal Party in the later 19th century.

## Other websites

- Karl Marx on the Tories and the Whigs (1852)

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Whigs
- **logo**: A-Block-for-the-Wigs-Gillray.jpeg
- **founded**: 1678
- **dissolved**: 1868
- **ideology**: Whiggism,
Constitutional monarchism,
Radicalism (historical), Radicalism,
Laissez-faire,
Classical liberalism,
Rule of law,
Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom, Anti-Catholicism
- **international**: _None_
- **predecessor**: Country Party (Britain), Country party
- **successor**: Liberal Party (UK), Liberal Party

Peelites
- **colours**: orange; buff (colour), buff and blue
Espionage

**Espionage**, or **spying**, is a practice of getting information without permission about an organization, society, or country that is meant to be secret or confidential. Espionage usually involves having access to where the needed information is stored or to the people that know the information. In wartime, espionage is a war crime.

A person who is unwillingly being spied upon or willingly gives away information is called an intelligence asset. The person who receives information is called a spy or more vaguely an agent. A double agent is one who trades information to both sides and is sometimes unknowingly related to or employed by both sides.

## Related pages

- Intelligence agency
Harrison Birtwistle

Sir **Harrison Birtwistle** CH, (15 July 1934 – 18 April 2022) was one of Britain's most important composers. He was born in Accrington, Lancashire.

## Early life

In 1952, Birtwistle entered the Royal Manchester College of Music in Manchester on a clarinet scholarship. While there he met other young composers like Peter Maxwell Davies and Alexander Goehr. Together with pianist John Ogdon and conductor Elgar Howarth, he formed the _New Music Manchester_ group, which put on performances of modern music, especially music using serialism.

Birtwistle left the college in 1955, then studied at the Royal Academy of Music and afterward made a living as a schoolteacher. In 1965 he got a Harkness Fellowship which gave him the opportunity to study composition in the United States.

In 1975 Birtwistle became musical director of the new Royal National Theatre in London, a post he held until 1983. He was given a knighthood in 1988 and was made a Companion of Honour in 2000. From 1994 to 2001 he was ***Henry Purcell Professor of Composition*** at King's College London.

## Music

His music is quite complicated and modern in style.  Sometimes it reminds one of Igor Stravinsky and Olivier Messiaen.  Sometimes he uses blocks of sound like Edgard Varèse.  His first opera _Punch and Judy_ is quite different from a traditional Punch and Judy children's entertainment.  It is very serious and quite violent. He has written other operas: _The Mask of Orpheus_ (1984), _Sir Gawain and the Green Knight_ (1990),  _The Second Mrs Kong_ (1994), and _The Last Supper_ (2000), .

When _Gawain_ was performed in 1994 at the Royal Opera House a group of hecklers booed and whistled loudly.  However, this only made the opera more famous as lots of people read about it and came to hear it.  He wrote a piece called _Panic_ for alto saxophone, jazz drum kit and orchestra.

It was a very loud, harsh piece and it was a shock for the audience when it was first performed at the Last Night of the Proms, a concert at which people normally expect to hear music with easy, sing-along tunes.

## Death

Birtwistle died, aged 87, on April 18, 2022 at his home in Mere, Wiltshire from problems caused by a stroke he had in 2021.
Punch and Judy (disambiguation)

**Punch and Judy** could mean:

- _Punch and Judy_, a traditional children's puppet show
- Punch and Judy, characters in _Big Shot_
- _Punch and Judy_, an opera by Harrison Birtwistle.
- "Punch and Judy", a song released by Marillion in 1984
- _The Punch and Judy Man_, a 1962 British comedy film
- "Punch and Judy", a song by The Stranglers from their 1984 album Aural Sculpture
- "Punch and Judy", a song by Elliott Smith from his 1997 album _Either/Or_
- "Punch Judy", three-piece London-based band on the punky side of pop http://www.myspace.com/punchjudy gives short reviews and gig details
- Punch and Judy, a pair of re-occurring characters in the anime Cowboy Bebop
Lorsch

**Lorsch** is a small town in southwest Germany ( south of Frankfurt am Main) in the Kreis Bergstraße district of the state of Hessen. More than 12,000 people live in the town.

It is the site of a Benedictine abbey, which used to be one of the greatest centers of Carolingian art. Several Carolingian kings of Germany were buried there. The abbey is also famous for the Lorsch Codex, which was produced there around the end of the 12th century. The abbey has been declared a World Heritage Site. The _Nibelungenlied_ identifies Lorsch as the birthplace of Siegfried.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Lorsch Rathaus 01.jpg
- **image caption**: Town hall
- **image coa**: Wappen Lorsch.png
- **image plan**: Lorsch in HP.svg
- **state**: Hessen
- **region**: Darmstadt
- **district**: Bergstraße
- **elevation**: 93
- **area**: 25.24
- **population**: 13170
- **stand**: 2013-12-31
- **postal code**: 64653
- **area code**: 06251
- **licence**: HP
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 06 4 31 016
- **mayor**: Christian Schönung
- **party**: Christian Democratic Union of Germany, CDU
Scottish

**Scottish** usually refers to something from or related to Scotland, a country in northern Europe.

These may include:

- Language
- Scottish English, the accents and dialects of English spoken in Scotland
- Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic language native to Scotland
- Scots language, a Germanic language spoken in lowland Scotland

- People
- Scottish people
- Ulster Scots people

## Related pages

- Scotts (disambiguation)
Dominic Monaghan

**Dominic Bernard Patrick Luke Monaghan** (born 8 December 1976) is an English actor. He is well known for playing Merry Brandybuck in Peter Jackson's movie trilogy of J. R. R. Tolkien's _The Lord of the Rings_. He is also well known for playing Charlie Pace on the television series _Lost_.

## Personal life

Monaghan was born in Berlin to British parents. He has a tattoo on his right arm of the English word "nine" written with the Tengwar script.  It means that his character was one of the nine members of the Fellowship of the Ring in _The Lord of the Rings_. Many other cast members also got similar tattoos during the making of the movie. On his left arm is a tattoo that says "Living is easy with eyes closed", a line from The Beatles' song "Strawberry Fields Forever". On _Lost_, Charlie's tape/bandage finger-rings with letters spelling out words were Monaghan's idea. He thought that because Charlie is an artist, he would still want to be creative even when trapped on an island. Monaghan also actually plays the guitar on _Lost_.

Dominic dated Evangeline Lilly while the two of them were on _Lost_. The two broke up in 2007.

## Other websites

- The Dominic Monaghan Resource
- Dominic Monaghan interview

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Dominic Monaghan
- **image**: Dominic Monaghan 2003.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Monaghan in 2003
- **birthname**: Dominic Bernard Patrick Luke Monaghan
- **birth place**: Berlin, Germany
- **known for**: Acting roles:
* "Meriadoc Brandybuck" in The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy, _The Lord of the Rings_ movie trilogy (2001–03)
* "Charlie Pace" in _Lost (TV series), Lost_ (2004–2010)
Crazy Horse (cabaret)

- The article about the Sioux leader is at Crazy Horse

**Le Crazy Horse Saloon** or **Le Crazy Horse Paris** is a nightclub in Paris, founded in 1951. It is famous for its cabaret, which features nude female dancers. It was opened by Alain Bernardin, who also managed it until his suicide in 1994. Today the cabaret is run by Bernardin's children.

The franchise includes _Crazy Horse Paris_ for one in Las Vegas (formerly La Femme), at the MGM Grand.

Other cabarets with similar names are separate enterprises.
Cnidaria

**Cnidaria** is a phylum with about 11,000 species of animals. All of them are simple and aquatic, and most of them live in the sea. Some are colonial, composed of zooids which may be clones. Cnidarian zooids may take the form of polyps or medusae at different phases of their life.

Cnidaria take their name from special cells which have organelles that sting: the nematocysts. This device is largely responsible for their success: it is their main specialised and distinctive cell type.

## Pronunciation

The word Cnidaria is spoken without the initial "C", and with a long "i". So it sounds like "Naidaria". In a similar way, the term Ctenophore is pronounced as "Teenophore". Originally, a Greek kappa was in front of the words, and it was pronounced. The name comes from Greek language _knidi_, "nettle", thus meaning "nettle-like animals" as all cnidarians have stinging cells like nettles.

## Subdivisions

There are five classes in the group. Jellyfish occur in four of the classes.
- Subphylum and class Anthozoa: the sea anemones and corals.
- Subphylum Medusozoa: the jellyfish
    - Class Scyphozoa: the 'true' jellyfish.
    - Class Cubozoa: the box jellies.
    - Class Hydrozoa: the hydroids: (_Hydra_; Portuguese man o' war).
    - Class Staurozoa: the stalked jellyfish.

Unranked, but now known to be cnidarians, is the parasitic group Myxozoa.

### Basic body forms

Adult cnidarians are usually either free-swimming medusae or sessile polyps. Many alternate between the two forms. Both forms are radially symmetrical, like a wheel and a tube respectively.

Most have fringes of tentacles equipped with cnidocytes around their edges. Medusae usually have an inner ring of tentacles around their mouth. Some hydroids may be colonies of zooids which serve different purposes: defence, reproduction and catching prey. The mesoglea of medusae is a thick and springy jelly, so it returns to its original shape after muscles around the edge have contracted. This makes a sort of jet propulsion.

### Skeletons

In medusae the only supporting structure is the jelly inside their cell layers. _Hydra_ and most sea anemones close their mouths when they are not feeding, and the water in the digestive cavity then acts as a kind of skeleton, rather like a water-filled balloon. Other polyps such as _Tubularia_ use columns of water-filled cells for support. Sea pens stiffen the mesogleal jelly with calcium carbonate spicules and tough fibrous proteins, rather like sponges.

In some colonial polyps, a chitinous periderm gives support and some protection to the connecting sections and to the lower parts of individual polyps. Stony corals secrete massive calcium carbonate exoskeletons. A few polyps collect materials such as sand grains and shell fragments, which they attach to their outsides. Some colonial sea anemones stiffen the mesoglea with sediment particles.

## Fossil record

There is a long fossil record for the corals, and soft-bodied forms appear in some exceptional strata. Some are believed to be among the Ediacaran biota.
Path

**Path** may refer to:

**Physical paths**:
- Bicycle path
- Bridle path
- Footpath
- Hiking path
- Sidewalk
- Trail

In **mathematics and computing**:
- Path (computing), where to find a file on a computer
- Path (graph theory), a sequence of vertices of a graph
- Path (topology), a continuous function
- Path, a name for the vectors in vector graphics
Trebuchet

A **trebuchet** was a device used in wars and sieges in the Middle Ages. It could be used to throw stones at ramparts, trying to break them down. It could also be used to throw things over the walls of a city. These could be corpses of animals or people that had died of the plague. Trebuchets were more accurate than other medieval catapults. Trebuchets were first made in China in the 4th century BC.

## How it works

The trebuchet works in a simple way. The basket of the trebuchet is filled with heavy rocks.  This acts as a counterweight for the other end, which is usually filled with one large rock.  Several men arm the trebuchet by raising the counterweight up and the firing arm down.  At this point the arm is released, the heavy basket swings down and the arm swings up, launching the rock far and fast.
The sling adds an additional 10-15 feet of arm length and gives the projectile a whip like speed then releases. The sling gives the projectile most of its speed.

## Other websites

- Secrets of Lost Empires: Medieval Siege (building of and history of trebuchets), from the NOVA website
- article on Trebuchet Mechanics  (in PDF format)
- The Finnish Trebuchet
- Homemade Trebuchet
- Homemade Spring Trebuchet
- Medieval Trébuchet
- Animated Trebuchet
- Evolution of Sling Weapons
Tarascon

**Tarascon**, sometimes called **Tarascon-sur-Rhône**, is a city in the south of France. The city is about 20 km from either Arles or Avignon. The city was founded by the Romans in the year 48. Some people know the city from the book Tartarin de Tarascon by Alphonse Daudet. There is also a castle near the city. About 14.000 people lived in Tarascon in 2003.
Kurdistan

**Kurdistan** (; ), or **Greater Kurdistan**, is the region in the Middle East where the Kurds inhabit and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based.

Geographically, Kurdistan is located between the northwestern Zagros and the eastern Taurus mountain ranges. Kurdistan is home to many religions with the main ones being Islam, Yazidism, Christianity, Alevism, and Yarsanism.

## Geography

Kurdistan is made up of four regions: southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan), and northeastern Syria (Western Kurdistan).

Some definitions also include parts of southern Transcaucasia. Some Kurdish nationalist organizations  seek to create an independent nation state having some or all of these areas, while others want more autonomy within the existing national borders.

## Naming

Historically, the word "Kurdistan" is first written in 11th-century Seljuk records Many Kurdish dynasties, emirates, principalities, and chiefdoms were established from the 8th to 19th centuries.

The 20th century saw the establishment of the short-lived areas of the Kurdish state (1918–1919), Kingdom of Kurdistan (1921–1924), Kurdistansky Uyezd i.e. "Red Kurdistan" (1923–1929), Republic of Ararat (1927–1930), and Republic of Mahabad (1946). The Corduene was also used to refer to the region.

## Self-rule

Iraqi Kurdistan first gained autonomous status in a 1970 agreement with the Iraqi government, and its status was re-confirmed as the autonomous Kurdistan Region in Iraq in 2005. There is also a Kurdistan Province in Iran, but it has no autonomous control.

Kurds fighting in the Syrian Civil War were able to take control of large parts of northern Syria and establish self-governing regions in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, namely the Rojava, where they want autonomy in a hypothetical post-war federal Syria.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Kurdistan
- **common name**: Kurdistan
- **status**: Stateless nation
- **image flag**: Flag of Kurdistan.svg
- **flag caption**: Flag of Kurdistan
- **image map**: Kurdish-inhabited areas (orthographic projection with inset).svg
- **image map caption**: Kurdish-inhabited areas (according to the Central Intelligence Agency, CIA, 1992)
- **languages type**: Languages
- **demonym**: Kurdish people, Kurd
Aigues-Mortes

**Aigues-Mortes** (French for "dead waters") is a city in the south of France. It is in the Gard department and the Occitanie region. It was originally founded by the Romans in the year 102 BC. The first records mentioning it under its current name date from the 10th century. Louis IX of France rebuilt the port in the 13th century. It was the only French port of the Mediterranean at that time. The city is laid out as a bastide. It was the starting point for the Seventh Crusade (1248) and Eighth Crusade (1270). Due to changes of the coastline, the city is several miles from the sea. It is linked to the sea through a canal, nowadays. It has well-preserved city walls. In 1999, about 6.000 people lived there. Aigues-Mortes is about 35 km from Nîmes.
3 BC

Year **3 BC** was a common year starting on Wednesday or Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lentulus and Messalla.

## Events

- King Maroboduus of the Marcomanni made a confederation of Germanic tribes, with the Hermunduri, Lombards, Semnoni and Vandals.
- Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus leads the Roman army in Germania and crossed the Elbe

## Births

- Seneca, Roman statesman (d. AD 65)
- Servius Sulpicius Galba, Roman Emperor (d. AD 69)

## Deaths

- Imperial consort Fu of the Chinese Han Dynasty
6 BC

Year **6 BC** was a common year starting on Sunday or Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Balbus and Vetus**.

## Events

- Caesar Augustus sends ferrets to the Balearic Islands to control rabbits
- Tiberius is sent to Armenia. He then retires to Rhodes.

## Deaths

- Consort Ban, Chinese concubine of Emperor Cheng of Han, also a poet and scholar (b. 48 BC)
- Consort Feng Yuan (b. c. 48 BC)
- Liu Xiang, Chinese scholar (b. 77 BC)
Candy

**Candy**, also called a **sweet**, is a sweet kind of food that is usually made from sugar and water, with flavors and other ingredients added.
The word _candy_, and probably also from Sanskrit khanda, which means "piece (of sugar)".

Candy is found in almost any store because they are made in many companies. Candy can also be made at home. Many people like candy and think it tastes good. Other people do not like it. Candy contains lots of sugar, so it is not very healthy, but can be eaten sometimes. It is the most common snacking food, and there are hundreds of flavors, shapes, and sizes.
Candy is not limited to being sweet. Candy can be spicy in different cultures.  To add on, Sugar, mainly sucrose from sugar beets or sugarcane, is the major constituent of most candies. Other sweeteners employed in candy manufacture include corn syrup, corn sugar, honey, molasses, maple sugar, and noncaloric sweeteners. Popular candy company's include Hershey, Haribo, Cadbury, and Jelly Belly.

## Related pages

- Confectionery
Loanword

A **loanword** is a word that is adopted by a language that comes from another language.  Since people who speak different languages often need to talk to each other, it is actually very common for languages to "borrow" words from other languages.

Examples of this can be seen in the English language because it has many loanwords. When the Normans took over England during the Norman Conquest in 1066, they made French the official language of England. Since then, many French words later became English words. For example, the English words beef, pork, poultry, and mutton are loanwords based on the Norman French names of the animals cow, swine, chicken, and sheep in that same order. In English, the loanwords mean the meat of those animals specifically. Since later the British Empire took over many different countries and people, they also borrowed many words from the languages of the people they took over. An example of this is the word "jungle", which is a Hindi word that has been adopted into English.

Languages often use loanwords because cultures learn about new ideas and inventions from people of the languages they borrow from.  For example, in English the names of meats and wines often come from French, musical terms often come from Italian, and philosophical terms often come from German.  Although native English speakers are now familiar with Chinese ideas and inventions, they are often called by their Japanese names in English because these were introduced to Americans through Japan. China, on the other hand, was closed off from the world when its ideas and inventions spread throughout the world because its communist government stopped communication with most outside countries, including America.

The names of food are some of the most common loanwords across languages because people may not have any idea of what the food is like when they are first introduced to a certain culture. For example, Italian food usually has Italian names like _spaghetti_ and _pasta_, Japanese food has Japanese names like _sushi_ and _tempura_, and Mexican food has Spanish names like _tacos_ and _carnitas_.

## Related pages

- Calque
- Gairaigo
Moray eel

**Moray eels** are a family of eels in the family **Muraenidae**. Moray eels can be found all over the world. There are 200 different species in 15 genera.

## Body

Like all eels, moray eels look like a cross between a fish and a snake.

The body is generally patterned. In some species, the inside of the mouth is also patterned.

Moray eels normally have wide jaws and large sharp teeth, but some types of Moray eel have blunt teeth which help them to eat animals that live in shells. Morays also have pharyngeal jaws inside the main jaw<nowiki/>s.

Typically, moray eels grow to a length of about 1.5 metres. The largest known moray eel is the Slender giant moray, which can reach 4 metres in length. Moray eels live in coral reefs and rocky areas, at a depth of about 200m.

## Habitat

The moray eel can be found in both freshwater habitats and saltwater habitats. However most live in the sea in salt water, never entering fresh water.

Moray eels normally live in warmer waters, but it depends on the type of eel.

## Feeding behavior

Morays are opportunistic, carnivorous predators and feed primarily on smaller fish, crabs, and octopuses.

There are not many animals that eat eels, but groupers, barracudas and sea snakes do eat them. Humans also eat eels.

## Relationship with humans

Humans eat eels, but sometimes moray eels will give people food poisoning. Moray eels are also caught to put in aquariums for people to look at. Some types of Moray eel may be considered beautiful and hard to find, in which case they will be expensive to buy.

## Genera

- Subfamily Muraeninae
    - Genus _Diaphenchelys_ — 1 species
    - Genus _Echidna_ — 11 species
    - Genus _Enchelycore_ — 13 species
    - Genus _Enchelynassa_ — 1 species
    - Genus _Gymnomuraena_ — 1 species
    - Genus _Gymnothorax_ — 125 species
    - Genus _Monopenchelys_ — 1 species
    - Genus _Muraena_ — 10 species
    - Genus _Pseudechidna_ — 1 species
    - Genus _Rhinomuraena_ — 1 species
    - Genus _Strophidon_ — 1 species
- Subfamily Uropterygiinae
    - Genus _Anarchias_ — 11 species
    - Genus _Channomuraena_ — 2 species
    - Genus _Cirrimaxilla_ — 1 species
    - Genus _Scuticaria_ — 2 species
    - Genus _Uropterygius_ — 20 species

## Related pages

- List of fish common names

## Further reading

- Gross, Miriam J.. The Moray Eel. United States: Rosen Publishing Group's PowerKids Press, 2005.
- Purser, Phillip. Keeping Moray Eels in Aquariums. United States: T.F.H., 2005.
- Didier, Dominique A.. Moray Eel. United States: Cherry Lake Publishing, 2014.
- Goldish, Meish. Moray Eel: Dangerous Teeth. United Kingdom: Bearport Publishing, 2009.

## Other websites

- Moray Eels Grab Prey With _Alien_ Jaws
- Smith, J.L.B. 1962. The moray eels of the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Ichthyological Bulletin; No. 23. Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
Anguilloidei

The **Anguilloidei** are a suborder of the order Anguilliformes (the eels) containing three families:

- Anguillidae (freshwater eels)
- Serrivomeridae (sawtooth eels)
- Nemichthyidae (snipe eels)

This suborder used to include several other families that have recently been moved to new suborders:

- Chlopsidae (false morays)
- Heterenchelyidae (mud eels)
- Moringuidae (worm eels)
- Muraenidae (moray eels)
- Myrocongridae (thin eels)
Carcassonne (disambiguation)

**Carcassonne** can mean:

- Carcassonne, the medieval fortified city in France
- Carcassonne (board game), a 2001 Spiel des Jahres award-winning German-style board game
- Carcassonne (Faulkner), a short story by written by William Faulkner in 1931.
- Carcassonne (album), a music album by Stephan Eicher.
Libourne

**Libourne** (;  ) is a commune in the Gironde department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department.

It is the wine-making capital of northern Gironde and lies near Saint-Émilion and Pomerol, both known for their wines.

## History

Libourne was created as a bastide by Roger de Leybourne in 1270. The original name of _Leybourne_ changed to the present _Libourne_. Its original aim was to be a port to ship wine of the Dordogne valley to England.

## Geography

Libourne is at the confluence of the Isle and Dordogne rivers. The city is at about  from Bordeaux and  from Arcachon.

It has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Libourne is surrounded by the _communes_ Les Billaux, Lalande-de-Pomerol, Pomerol, Saint-Émilion, Moulon, Génissac, Arveyres, Fronsac and Saillans.

### Climate

The climate of Libourne is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification: **Cfb**), with mild winters and warm summers.

## Population

The inhabitants of Libourne are known, in French, as _Libournais_ (women: _Libournaises_).

With a population of 24,595, Libourne has a population density of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

**Evolution of the population in Libourne**

## Administration

Libourne is a sub-prefecture of the Gironde department since 1790. It is also the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Libourne and the administrative centre () of the _canton_ of Le Libournais-Fronsadais with 53,307 inhabitants <small>(2014)</small>.:

It is part of the intercommunality _Le Libournais_ ().

### Twin towns

Libourne is twinned with:
- Morocco
- Berne, Switzerland
- Morocco Casablanca, Morocco

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Libourne
- Communes of the Gironde department

## Other websites

- Ville de Libourne - Official site
- Departamental Council of Gironde
- Prefecture official website
- Agence de Développement Touristique de la Gironde
- Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Libourne
- **commune status**: Subprefectures in France, Subprefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Libourne (Gironde).svg
- **image**: Libourne Pont de Pierre.jpg
- **caption**: View of Libourne and the Dordogne river
- **arrondissement**: Libourne
- **canton**: Le Libournais-Fronsadais
- **intercommunality**: Communauté d'agglomération du Libournais
- **mayor**: Philippe Buisson
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **elevation m**: 15
- **elevation min m**: 2
- **elevation max m**: 28
- **area km2**: 20.63
- **population demonym**: Libournais
- **population**: 24595
- **population date**: 2014
- **insee**: 33243
- **postal code**: 33500
- **website**: [http://www.ville-libourne.fr/ www.ville-libourne.fr]
Mirepoix (Ariège)

**Mirepoix** is a city in the south of France. Today, about 3.000 people live there. It was founded as a bastide. Though it is not a bastide in the sense that it is a planned city. It was rebuilt following complete destruction after the local river overboarded. This reconstruction was done according to the 'bastide' idea.
Kiss (Kiss album)

***Kiss*** is the self-titled first album from the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on February 8, 1974.

## Track listing

- Strutter
- Nothin' to Lose
- Firehouse
- Cold Gin
- Let Me Know
- Kissin' Time
- Deuce
- Love Theme from Kiss
- 100,000 Years
- Black Diamond
Hotter Than Hell

***Hotter Than Hell*** is the second album from the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on October 22, 1974.

## Track listing

- Got To Choose
- Parasite
- Goin' Blind
- Hotter Than Hell
- Let Me Go, Rock 'N' Roll
- All The Way
- Watchin' You
- Mainline
- Comin' Home
- Strange Ways

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Hotter than Hell
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Kiss (band), Kiss
- **recorded**: August 1974
- **studio**: The Village (studio), The Village, Los Angeles
- **genre**: *Hard rock
*Heavy metal music, heavy metal
*proto-punk
- **label**: Casablanca Records, Casablanca
- **producer**: Kenny Kerner, Richie Wise
- **prev title**: Kiss (Kiss album), Kiss
- **prev year**: 1974
- **next title**: Dressed to Kill (album), Dressed to Kill
- **next year**: 1975
Dressed to Kill

***Dressed to Kill*** is the third studio album from the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on March 19, 1975.

## Track listing

- Room Service
- Two Timer
- Ladies in Waiting
- Getaway
- Rock Bottom
- C'mon and Love Me
- Anything for My Baby
- She
- Love Her All I Can
- Rock and Roll All Nite

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Dressed to Kill
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Kiss (band), Kiss
- **released**: March 19, 1975
- **recorded**: February 1975 at Electric Lady Studios, New York City
- **genre**: Hard rock, heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **length**: 30:07
- **language**: English
- **label**: Casablanca Records, Casablanca
- **producer**: Neil Bogart, Kiss
- **prev title**: Hotter Than Hell
(1974)
- **next title**: Destroyer (Kiss album), Destroyer
(1976)
Alive!

***Alive!*** is the fourth album from the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It is also their first live album. It was released on September 10, 1975.

## Track listing

- Deuce
- Strutter
- Got To Choose
- Hotter Than Hell
- Firehouse
- Nothin' To Lose
- C'mon And Love Me
- Parasite
- She
- Watchin' You
- 100,000 Years
- Black Diamond
- Rock Bottom
- Cold Gin
- Rock And Roll All Nite
- Let Me Go, Rock 'N' Roll

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Alive!
- **type**: live
- **artist**: Kiss (band), Kiss
- **released**: September 10, 1975
- **recorded**: March - July 1975
- **genre**: Hard rock, heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **length**: 74:50
- **label**: Casablanca Records, Casablanca
- **producer**: Eddie Kramer
- **chronology**: Kiss live!
(1975)
- **next title**: Alive II
(1977)
Destroyer (album)

***Destroyer*** is the fourth studio album and fifth album overall by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on March 15, 1976.

## Track listing

- "Detroit Rock City"
- "King Of The Night Time World"
- "God Of Thunder"
- "Great Expectations"
- "Flaming Youth"
- "Sweet Pain"
- "Shout It Out Loud"
- "Beth"
- "Do You Love Me"

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Destroyer
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Kiss (band), Kiss
- **released**: March 15, 1976
- **recorded**: Record Plant Studios, New York City, January – February 1976
- **genre**: Hard rock, heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **length**: 34:27
- **language**: English
- **label**: Casablanca Records, Casablanca
- **producer**: Bob Ezrin
- **prev title**: Dressed to Kill (album), Dressed to Kill
(1975)
- **next title**: Rock and Roll Over
(1976)
12-hour clock

The **12-hour clock** is a method of telling the time in which the civil day runs from midnight until next midnight.

- **AM** (**ante meridiem**) = midnight until midday.
- **PM** (**post meridiem**) = midday until midnight.

The following numbers (used twice in the same civil day) of hours are: 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, with **AM** or **PM**.

Both names are from Latin and **', means "before midday" and **' means "after midday".

The 12-hour time is common in several English-speaking countries and former British colonies (such as the United Kingdom, the United States of America, the English speaking parts of Canada or India), as well as a few other countries. There is no widely accepted convention for how midday and midnight should be represented: in English-speaking countries, "12:00 PM" means 12 o'clock noon, while "12:00 AM" means 12 o'clock midnight.

|24-hour clock|12-hour clock|Period of the day|
| --- | --- | --- |
|00:00|12:00 AM midnight || rowspan = 6 | Postmidnight Overnight||
|01:00|1:00 AM||
|02:00|2:00 AM||
|03:00|3:00 AM||
|04:00|4:00 AM||
|05:00|5:00 AM||
|06:00|6:00 AM|Morning|
|07:00|7:00 AM||
|08:00|8:00 AM||
|09:00|9:00 AM||
|10:00|10:00 AM||
|11:00|11:00 AM||
|12:00|12:00 PM noon midday || rowspan = 6 | Afternoon||
|13:00|1:00 PM||
|14:00|2:00 PM||
|15:00|3:00 PM||
|16:00|4:00 PM||
|17:00|5:00 PM||
|18:00|6:00 PM|Evening|
|19:00|7:00 PM||
|20:00|8:00 PM||
|21:00|9:00 PM||
|22:00|10:00 PM||
|23:00|11:00 PM||

## Related pages

- 24-hour clock
- Clock
- Time
Classic

**Classic** could mean:
- Classic songs
- Classic books
- Classic cars
- Classic literature
- Classic movies
- Classic rock music
- Classic stamps
- Classic television programs
- British Classic Races
- American Classic Races
- Classic cycle races
- The Classic (snooker) tournament
- Macintosh Classic
- Classic (Mac OS X)
- Classic (transit bus), a type of transit bus manufactured from 1982 to 1997
- The Classic a mid-size car by American Motors
- Cult classic
- The Classic, a Korean movie
- Western canon
- _Classic (Better Than I've Ever Been)_, a 2007 song by Kanye West, Nas, Rakim, KRS-One and DJ Premier
- A United Kingdom chocolate bar
- Products that compare unfavourably with other products from the same manufacturer, for example because of design age, are often marketed as a 'classic' edition - for example the Range Rover Classic
- Likewise, basic trim level editions of cars are sometimes labelled 'classic' - e.g. Mercedes Benz C-Class Classic
- Classical antiquity
    - Classical scholarship (relating to Classical antiquity)
- Classical music
- Classical physics

## Related pages

- Classicism
- Classical
- Classics (disambiguation)
Norfolk County Fair and Horse Show

The **Norfolk County Fair and Horse Show** is an annual showcase of rides, country music, carnival food, vendors, homecrafts, arigualure, and horses that takes place in Simcoe, Ontario, Canada the week prior to Canadian Thanksgiving. The fair has been held in Norfolk County since 1840. The 2024 fair will start on Tuesday, October 8th and run until Monday, October 14th. The fair always starts the Tuesday prior to Thanksgiving and ends Thanksgiving Monday. It is run by The Norfolk County Agricultral Society who has been running the fair as of 1998.

**Young Canada Day**

Each year the schools located in Norfolk County in both the Grand Erie District School Board (GEDSB) and The Brant Haldimand Norfolk District Catholic School Board (BHNDCSB) take a P.D Day on the first day of the fair, and schools compete to win various events. This say is known as "Young Canada Day" or "Fair Day".

The elementary schools in the region compete in track and field competitions.

The high schools in the region, consiting of Simcoe Composite School, Holy Trinity Catholic High School, Delhi District Secondary School, Valley Heights Secondary School, Waterford District High School and prior to 2013, Port Dover Composite School compete in various events such as track and field, tug of war, homecraft events, 4H events and cheerleading. Schools are awarded points for each competition won as well as for decorating their portion of the grandstands (where the trackside events are watched by each school), and for wearing school colours. Each year a new theme is given by the Fair Board and schools must dress and decorate according to the theme and their school colours. Points can also be taken away fro student conduct. Students who are boo-ing other schools or acting in a disrepectful manner will have points taken away from their school. Students who are under the influence can also have points taken away from their school. At the end of all events an overall winner is announced. This is the biggest accomplishment each school can win in the area. It is comparable to large High School Football games in the United States. The winner of Young Canada Day in 2023 was Simcoe Composite School who broke Delhi's thirteen year streak.
Bootylicious

***Bootylicious*** is a song sung by R&B girl group Destiny's Child. It is on their third album _Survivor_ 2001 and was the second single from the album. It was their fourth U.S. number-one single and reached the top-five in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. The music video was directed by Matthew Rolston.

The word "bootylicious" is a combination of "booty" (buttocks) and "delicious".
Rigor mortis

**Rigor mortis**, also called postmortem rigidity, happens after a person or animal dies. It's a sign that the body is no longer alive. During rigor mortis, the body becomes stiff and hard to move. This happens because some chemicals in the muscles change after death, especially calcium.

In humans, rigor mortis can start as soon as four hours after death. But it doesn't last forever. After a few hours, the stiffness starts to go away. Usually, rigor mortis lasts no more than eight hours when the body is at room temperature.

Some people think rigor mortis is permanent, but that's not true. The stiffness gradually goes away as time goes on after death.

## Body Processes

When a living organism dies, it stops using oxygen to produce energy. This leads to a decrease in a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which helps muscles relax. Without oxygen, the body tries to make ATP using a different method called anaerobic glycolysis. But when the body runs out of a substance called glycogen, ATP levels drop, and the muscles become stiff in a condition called rigor mortis. During rigor mortis, the muscles can't relax because certain structures in the muscles can't separate.

After death, calcium enters the fluid inside cells, called cytosol. This happens because certain parts of the cells break down. Calcium causes the formation of structures called actin-myosin cross-bridges, which are important for muscle movement. In rigor mortis, the myosin heads in the muscles keep binding to actin proteins using a molecule called adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The muscles can't relax until enzymes break down this binding. Normally, relaxation happens when ATP replaces ADP, breaking the connection between myosin and actin. But since there is no ATP after death, enzymes (from the body or bacteria) break down the muscle tissue during decomposition. As the muscle tissue breaks down, the myosin heads degrade, releasing the muscle contraction and allowing the body to relax.

The breakdown of muscle fibers during decomposition happens between 48 and 60 hours after the peak of rigor mortis, which usually happens around 13 hours after death.
Amphitheatre

An **amphitheatre** (or **amphitheater**)  is a type of structure. It is a flat area, surrounded by an area that ascends gradually. In the ascending area, people can be seated. Today, such structures are used for presentations, but also spectator sports.

In Ancient Rome, these structures were used to entertain the population. Gladiator combats, athletics and executions were staged there.

## Natural amphitheatre

A natural amphitheatre is a natural formation of rocks or cliffs, which resemble a man-made amphitheatre.

## Related pages

- Stadium
- Arena

## Other websites

- The Ancient Theatre Archive
Circus Maximus

The **Circus Maximus** (translates to biggest round-course) is an ancient hippodrome in Rome. It was built by the Romans. It was used to stage chariot races, but also other uses like gladiator fights. Today it is a park.

## Other websites

- James Grout: _Circus Maximus_, part of the Encyclopædia Romana
- Circus Maximus  Ipix 360° panorama
Gan language

**Gan** is the language of Jiangxi and some others provinces in China.

It is spoken by 20 to 50 million people in southern China.

Gan has 9 dialects, and Nangchang dialect is representative.

## Dialects

- Chang-Jing (昌靖片)
- Yi-Liu (宜瀏片)
- Ji-Cha (吉茶片)
- Fu-Guang (撫廣片)
- Ying-Yi (鷹弋片)
- Da-Tong (大通片）
- Lei-Zi (耒資片）
- Dong-Sui (洞綏片）
- Huai-Yue (懷嶽片）

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Gan
- **imagecaption**: _Gan ua_ (Gan) written in Chinese characters
- **image**: Ganyu.png
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **nativename**:
_Gon ua_
- **states**: China
- **region**: central and northern Jiangxi, eastern Hunan, eastern Hubei, southern Anhui, northwest Fujian
- **ethnicity**: Gan people (Han Chinese)
- **speakers**: million
- **date**: 2007
- **ref**: ne2007
- **familycolor**: Sino-Tibetan
- **fam2**: Sinitic languages, Sinitic
- **ancestor**: Old Chinese
- **ancestor2**: Eastern Han Chinese
- **ancestor3**: Middle Chinese
- **iso3**: gan
- **glotto**: ganc1239
- **glottorefname**: Gan Chinese
- **lingua**: 79-AAA-f
- **map**: Idioma gan.png
- **notice**: IPA
Rock and Roll Over

***Rock and Roll Over*** is the fifth studio album and sixth album overall by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on November 11, 1976.

## Track listing

- I Want You
- Take Me
- Calling Dr. Love
- Ladies Room
- Baby Driver
- Love 'Em and Leave 'Em
- Mr. Speed
- See You in Your Dreams
- Hard Luck Woman
- Makin' Love

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Rock and Roll Over
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Kiss (band), Kiss
- **released**: November 11, 1976
- **recorded**: September -October 1976 at the Star Theatre, Nanuet, New York
- **genre**: Hard rock, heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **length**: 33:18
- **language**: English
- **label**: Casablanca Records, Casablanca
- **producer**: Eddie Kramer
- **prev title**: Destroyer (Kiss album), Destroyer
(1976)
- **next title**: Love Gun
(1977)
Love Gun

***Love Gun*** is the sixth studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on June 30, 1977.

## Track listing

- "I Stole Your Love"
- "Christine Sixteen"
- "Got Love For Sale"
- "Shock Me"
- "Tomorrow And Tonight"
- "Love Gun"
- "Hooligan"
- "Almost Human"
- "Plaster Caster"
- "Then She Kissed Me"

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Love Gun
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Kiss (band), Kiss
- **released**: June 30 1977
- **recorded**: May 1977 at Record Plant Studios, New York City
- **genre**: Hard rock
- **length**: 32:57
- **language**: English
- **label**: Casablanca Records, Casablanca
- **producer**: Kiss, Eddie Kramer
- **prev title**: Rock and Roll Over
(1976)
- **next title**: Gene Simmons (album), Gene Simmons
(1978)