juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Halle Berry

**Halle Maria Berry** (born August 14, 1966) is an American actress. Berry has received Emmy and Golden Globe awards, and was awarded the Academy Award in 2002 for her role in _Monster's Ball_. She is the first and still only African American woman to have won the Academy Award for Best Actress. Berry was ranked No. 1 on People's "50 Most Beautiful People in the World" list in 2003. In March 2014, she launched her own TV production company, **606 Films**.

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|_Jungle Fever_|Vivian||||
|_Strictly Business_|Natalie||||
|__|Cory||||
|_Boomerang_|Angela Lewis||||
|_Father Hood_|Kathleen Mercer||||
|_The Program_|Autumn Haley||||
|__|Sharon Stone||||
|_Losing Isaiah_|Khaila Richards||||
|_Executive Decision_|Jean||||
|_Girl 6_|Herself||||
|_Race the Sun_|Miss Sandra Beecher||||
|__|Josie Potenza||||
|_B*A*P*S_|Nisi||||
|_Bulworth_|Nina||||
|_Why Do Fools Fall in Love_|Zola Taylor||||
|_X-Men_|Ororo Munroe / Storm||||
|_Swordfish_|Ginger Knowles||||
|_Monster's Ball_|Leticia Musgrove||||
|_Die Another Day_|Giacinta "Jinx" Johnson||||
|_X2_|Ororo Munroe / Storm||||
|_Gothika_|Miranda Grey||||
|_Catwoman_|Patience Phillips / Catwoman||||
|_Robots: The Movie_|Cappy Smith Garcia Lopez|Voice role|||
|_X-Men: The Last Stand_|Ororo Munroe / Storm||||
|_Perfect Stranger_|Rowena Price||||
|_Things We Lost in the Fire_|Audrey Burke||||
|_Frankie & Alice_|Frankie / Alice||||
|_New Year's Eve_|Nurse Aimee||||
|_Dark Tide_|Kate Mathieson||||
|_Cloud Atlas_|Jocasta Ayrs / Luisa Rey / Ovid / Meronym / Native Woman / Indian Party Guest||||
|_Movie 43_|Emily|Segment: "Truth or Dare"|||
|_The Call_|Jordan Turner||||
|_X-Men: Days of Future Past_|Ororo Munroe / Storm||||
|_Kevin Hart: What Now?_|Herself||||
|_Kidnap_|Karla Dyson|Also producer|||
|_Kingsman: The Golden Circle_|Ginger Ale||||
|_Kings_|Millie Dunbar||||
|_John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum_|Sofia al-Azwar||||
|2020|_Bruised_|Jackie "Pretty Bull" Justice|Also director and producer||
|2022|_Moonfall_|Jocinda "Jo" Fowler|||
|2024|_The Union_|Roxanne Hall|||
|2024|_Never Let Go_|Momma|Also executive producer||
|2026|_Crime 101_|TBA|||

## Awards

**Academy Awards**
- Best Actress - 2001 (_Monster's Ball_)

**Golden Globe Award**
- Best Actress - Mini-series - 2000 (_Introducing Dorothy Dandridge_)

**Emmy Award**
- Outstanding Lead Actress - Miniseries/Movie - 2000 (_Introducing Dorothy Dandridge_)

**Golden Raspberry Awards**
- Worst Actress - 2004 (_Catwoman_)

**Screen Actors Guild Award**
- Best Actress - Mini-series/TV Movie - 1999 (_Introducing Dorothy Dandridge_)
- Best Actress - 2001 (_Monster's Ball_)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Halle Berry
- **image**: Halle Berry by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **birth place**: Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- **birthname**: Halle Maria Berry
- **homepage**: [http://www.hallewood.com www.hallewood.com]
- **spouse**: David Justice
(m. 1992-1996, divorced)
Eric Benét (m. 2001-2005, divorced)
Olivier Martinez (m. 2013-present)
- **partner**: Gabriel Aubry (2005-2010)
- **children**: 2, a daughter and a son
Golden Raspberry Awards

The **Golden Raspberry Awards** or **Razzies**, first awarded in 1981, were made by John J. B. Wilson in 1980, with the goal of being the opposite of the Academy Awards (Oscars) by dishonoring the worst movies and worst actors. It is usually a plastic raspberry spray-painted gold and mounted on a plastic base, however Bill Cosby accepted a custom-made one made out of 24 carat (99.99%) gold and Italian marble.

Today, awards are voted by the membership of the "Golden Raspberry Award Foundation" (GRAF), and anyone can become a member of the foundation, something that does not happen with the Academy Awards. Usually, nominations are made public one day before the Motion Picture Academy says its Oscar nominations, and the awards are presented one day before the Oscar ceremony.

Few winners have accepted their Golden Raspberry Awards or have attended the Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony to personally accept their awards. Those who accepted and/or attended, include Bill Cosby (Worst Picture/Worst Screenplay/Worst Actor), Tom Green (Worst Actor/Worst Director), Halle Berry and Sandra Bullock (Worst Actress), Michael Ferris and J. D. Shapiro (Worst Screenplay), Alan Menken (Worst Original Song), and Paul Verhoeven and Dinesh D'Souza (Worst Director). Bill Cosby was the first winner to accept his awards for "Worst Picture/Worst Screenplay/Worst Actor" in 1988 for the movie _Leonard 6_, but he didn't attend the ceremony and got his awards in _The Late Show_  instead, and Paul Verhoeven was the first winner to attend the ceremony in 1996, to accept his award for "Worst Director" for the movie _Showgirls_.

The term "raspberry" is used as a joke, as in "blowing a raspberry."

## Other websites

- Razzie Awards page on the Internet Movie Database
- Razzie channel on YouTube
- All Time Razzie Champions List

## Infobox (award)

- **name**: Golden Raspberry Award
- **awarded for**: Worst in movies
- **presenter**: Golden Raspberry Award Foundation
- **country**: United States
Blowing a raspberry

**Blowing  a raspberry** is to make a noise similar to flatulence. It is made by placing the tongue between the lips, and blowing.

## Related pages

- Bilabial trill
- Golden Raspberry Awards, which are named after the term
Joshua Jackson

**Joshua Carter Jackson** (born June 11, 1978) is a Canadian actor. He has appeared in American television and movies, and is famous for his role as Pacey Witter in the television series _Dawson's Creek_ and Charlie Conway in _The Mighty Ducks_ movie series.
He also starred as Peter Bishop on _Fringe_.

## Movies

- _Shutter_ (2008)
- _Battle in Seattle_ (2007)
- _Bobby_ (2006)
- _Shadows in the Sun_ (2005)
- _Aurora Borealis_ (2005)
- _Americano_ (2005)
- _Racing Stripes_ (2005) (voice)
- _Cursed_ (2005)
- _I Love Your Work_ (2003)
- _The Laramie Project_ (2002)
- _Lone Star State of Mind_ (2002)
- _The Safety of Objects_ (2001)
- _Ocean's Eleven_ (2001)
- _The Skulls_ (2000)
- _Gossip_ (2000)
- _Muppets from Space_ (1999) (uncredited)
- _Cruel Intentions_ (1999)
- _Urban Legend_ (1998)
- _Apt Pupil_ (1998)
- _Dawson's Creek_ (1998) (TV series)
- _Scream 2_ (1997)
- _On the Edge of Innoncence_ (1997) (TV movie)
- _Ronnie and Julie_ (1997)
- Robin of Locksley (1996)
- _Champs_ (1996) (TV series)
- _D3: The Mighty Ducks_ (1996)
- _Magic in the Water_ (1995)
- _Andre_ (1994)
- _D2: The Mighty Ducks_ (1994)
- _Digger_ (1993)
- _The Mighty Ducks_ (1992)
- _Crooked Hearts_ (1991)
- _Payoff_ (1991)

## Other websites

- Joshua Jackson Network
- Joshua Jackson Online

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joshua Jackson
- **image**: Joshua Jackson 2012.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **caption**: Jackson at the San Diego Comic-Con International in July 2012.
- **birth name**: Joshua Carter Jackson
- **birth place**: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- **occupation**: Actor
- **partner**: Diane Kruger (2006–2016)
- **children**: 1
- **years active**: 1991–present
John Wayne

**Marion Robert Morrison** (May 26, 1907 – June 11, 1979), known professionally as **John Wayne**, was an American actor.

## Early life

Born with the name **Marion Robert Morrison** in Winterset, Iowa. Wayne was Scotch Irish on his father and Irish on his mother's side. During Wayne's childhood, he moved to Palmdale, California then to Glendale, California. While attending Wayne started working in small local movie companies. And also started playing football in high school and participated in the Glendale school team before being recruited by the University of Southern California (USC).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Wayne
- **image**: John Wayne - still portrait.jpg
- **alt**: Publicity photo of John Wayne
- **caption**: Wayne,
- **birth place**: Winterset, Iowa, United States, U.S.
- **birth name**: Marion Robert Morrison
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Stomach cancer
- **homepage**: [https://www.JohnWayne.com/ Official website]
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **awards**: **Academy Awards**
* Best Actor:
: 1969 _True Grit_
**Golden Globe Awards**
* Cecil B. DeMille Award (1966)
* Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
: 1970 _True Grit_
Manuchehri

**Abu Najm Ahmad ibn Qaus Manuchehri Damghani** (c. 982 – 1040) () or Manucheri was a Persian poet. He was from Damghan in Iran. His poems are collected in a Diwan.
Piranshahr

**Piranshahr** () is a city in northwest of Iran. The people of Piranshahr are mostly Kurds who consider themselves to be descendants of the Medes, one of the three Aryan tribes who migrated to Iran.
Abu-Shakur Balkhi

**Abu-Shakur Balkhi** (; born 915 in Balkh), or **Boshakor Balkhi**, was a Persian poet. He lived in the Samanid era in central Asian Persia and wrote the Afarin Nama in 944. He died in Balkh, now in modern Afghanistan.
Nasir Khusraw

**Abu Mo’in Hamid al-Din Nasir ibn Khusraw Qubadiani Marvzi** (1004-1088), also known as **Nāsir Khusraw Qubādiyānī Balkhi** or **Nasir Khusraw Balkhi** was a Persian poet. He was born in a village near Balkh in modern Afghanistan. He knew about science, medicine, mathematics, astronomy and astrology. He had studied Arabic, Turkish, Greek, Hindi, Sindhi, Hebrew and Persian. He wrote the Safarnama. In Safarnama, Naser Khosrow described his journey to Mecca, Cairo and Jerusalem and many other cities. His poems are collected in a diwan. He died in Yamagan, a village in Afghanistan.

## Infobox (saint)

- **name**: **Nasir Khusraw Balkhi**

- **birth date**: 1004
- **birth place**: Greater Khorasan, Khorasan (present day  Tajikistan)
- **death date**: 1088 (aged 84)
- **death place**: Yamgan District, Yamgan, Greater Khorasan, Khorasan
(present day Badakhshan Province, Badakhshan in Afghanistan)
- **major shrine**: Tomb of Nasir Khusrav Yamgan District, Yamgan, Afghanistan
- **tradition**: Sufi poetry, Ismaili scholar
- **major works**: Safarnama, :tr:Vech-i Din, Wajh-i-Din, Zaad al-Musafirin, Sa'datnama, Rawshana-i-nama
Anvari

**Hakīm Awhad ad-Din Ali ibn Mohammad Khavarani Anvari Abivardi ** (1126-1189) () or **Anvari** is a Persian poet. He was born in Abivard (a village between Iran and Turkmenistan) and died in Balkh (now in Afghanistan). He studied science and literature in Tun, a city in Iran. He studied science, astronomy, medicine and literature. Anvari knew Persian, Arabic, Turkish, Hindi, and even Hebrew. Anwari's poems are collected in a Diwan. He was known as the king of poets in Seljuk empire royal house.
Old World Underground, Where Are You Now?

***Old World Underground, Where Are You Now?*** is a 2003 album by Canadian band Metric.  There are six videos that came out for this album between 2003/04, they are (directors in brackets):
1. "Calculation Theme" (Ramon Bloomberg)
1. "IOU" (Steven Hanft & Michael Lustig)
1. "Succexy" (Ashley Cahill)
1. "Combat Baby" (Michael Schiller)
1. "Dead Disco" (Chris Grismer)
1. "The List" (Chris Grismer & Emily Haines)

"Combat Baby" was also a single in the UK.

## Track listing

All tracks written by Metric.

1. "IOU" – 4:22
1. "Hustle Rose" – 5:33
1. "Succexy" – 3:05
1. "Combat Baby" – 3:29
1. "Calculation Theme" – 3:31
1. "Wet Blanket" – 4:07
1. "On a Slow Night" – 4:36
1. "The List" – 2:52
1. "Dead Disco" – 3:25
1. "Love Is A Place" – 2:09

## Band members

- Emily Haines - piano, singer
- James Shaw - guitar, singer
- Josh Winstead - guitar
- Joules Scott-Key - drums

## Production

- Michael Andrews - producer
- Edson Miller - engineer, mixing
- Joe Gastwirt - mastering
- Josh Hassin - album cover design

## Official samples

Metric's official website has short clips of this album on their music page .

## Lyrics

Lyrics for this album can be found on Metric's website .
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

**Mohammad Reza Pahlavi** (, ; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980) was the last Shah of Iran from 1941 to 1979. Following the Iranian Revolution, his reign ended the Pahlavi dynasty and the Iranian monarchy's 2,500 year-rule of Persia.

During World War II, the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran forced the abdication of his father Reza Shah and succession of Crown Prince Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In 1953, Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh was overthrown in the 1953 Iranian coup d'état, which was carried out by the Iranian military under the support of the United States and Britain.

In 1963, the Shah introduced the White Revolution, a series of reforms aimed at transforming Iran into a global power and modernizing the country by nationalizing key industries and land reform. 26 years after the start of his reign, in 1967, the Shah was crowned as well as his wife Farah, who was the first and so far only woman to be crowned in Iranian history. As political unrest grew throughout Iran in the late 1970s, the Shah fled Iran for exile in January 1979. After formally abolishing the Iranian monarchy, Shia Islamist cleric Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini became the Supreme Leader of Iran. The former Shah later died in exile in Egypt in 1980 and is buried at the Al-Rifa'i Mosque.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **embed**: yes
- **branch**: Imperial Iranian Army
- **serviceyears**: 1936–1979
- **rank**: * Captain from 1936 to 1941
* Generalissimo from 1941 to 1979
- **commands**: Army's Inspection Department


## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
- **title**: Light of the Aryans
- **image**: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 1973 portrait (4x5 cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 1973
- **succession**: List of monarchs of Iran, Shah of Iran
- **reign**: 16 September 1941 – 11 February 1979
- **coronation**: 26 October 1967
- **predecessor**: Reza Shah
- **successor**: _Iranian Revolution, Monarchy abolished_
Ruhollah Khomeini (as Supreme Leader of Iran, supreme leader)
- **birth place**: Tehran, Qajar Iran
- **death place**: Cairo, Egypt
- **burial place**: Al-Rifa'i Mosque
- **regnal name**: Mohammad Reza Shah

- **native lang1**: Alma mater
- **dynasty**: Pahlavi dynasty, Pahlavi
- **father**: Reza Shah
- **mother**: Tadj ol-Molouk
- **religion**: Twelver Shia Islam
- **signature**:
Persian signature

Latin signature
- **cor-type**: Coronation of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Coronation
Mehdi Bazargan

**Mehdi Bazargan** (; 1 September, 1907 in Bazargan – 20 January, 1995) or **Mahdi Bazargan** was an Iranian scholar. He protested against the Shah's regime in Iran. He was jailed many times for political reasons. Bazargan was Iran's first prime minister after the Iranian Revolution in 1979.

He was against the United States Embassy hostage taking and the continuation of the Iran-Iraq War. He resigned on November 4, 1981. Bazargan died of a heart attack on January 20, 1995 when he was travelling from Tehran to Zürich, Switzerland.
Gazelle

**Gazelles** are a kind of antelope. They are in the genera _Gazella_, _Eudorcas_ and _Nanger_.

Gazelles are mostly found in the grasslands and savannas of Africa, but they are also found in southwest Asia. Gazelles are known as fast animals. They can reach high speeds for long periods of time. They usually live in herds. They eat plants and leaves. They show a special way of running slowly and jumping high when they are chased by lions or cheetahs.

Gazelle comes from the Arabic _ghazăl_ ().

## Taxonomy

- Genus _Gazella_
    - Mountain gazelle, _Gazella gazella_
    - Speke's gazelle, _Gazella spekei_
    - Dorcas gazelle, _Gazella dorcas_
    - Saudi gazelle, _Gazella saudiya_†
    - Chinkara, _Gazella bennettii_
    - Cuvier's gazelle, _Gazella cuvieri_
    - Rhim gazelle, _Gazella leptoceros_
    - Goitered gazelle, _Gazella subgutturosa_
    - Arabian gazelle, _Gazella arabica_†
- Genus _Eudorcas_
    - Thomson's gazelle, _Eudorcas thomsoni_
    - Red-fronted gazelle, _Eudorcas rufifrons_
    - Red gazelle, _Gazella rufina_†
- Genus _Nanger_
    - Dama gazelle, _Nanger dama_
    - Grant's gazelle, _Nanger granti_
    - Soemmerring's gazelle, _Nanger soemmerringii_
American Idiot (album)

***American Idiot*** is the 7th album by the American punk rock band Green Day. It was released in 2004.

## Track listing

1. "American Idiot" – 2:54
1. "Jesus of Suburbia" – 9:08
1. "Holiday" – 3:52
1. "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" – 4:20
1. "Are We the Waiting" – 2:42
1. "St. Jimmy" – 2:55
1. "Give Me Novacaine" – 3:25
1. "She's a Rebel" – 2:00
1. "Extraordinary Girl" – 3:33
1. "Letterbomb" – 4:06
1. "Wake Me Up When September Ends" – 4:45
1. "Homecoming" – 9:18
1. "Whatsername" – 4:12

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: American Idiot
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Green Day
- **cover**: American Idiot.PNG
- **released**: September 21, 2004
- **recorded**: 2003–2004 at Studio 880, Oakland, California, Oakland, and Ocean Way Recording, Hollywood, California
- **genre**: Punk rock, alternative rock
- **length**: 57:16
- **label**: Reprise Records, Reprise
- **producer**: Rob Cavallo, Green Day
- **prev title**: Warning (Green Day album), Warning
(2000)
- **next title**: 21st Century Breakdown
(2009)
First Division

**1st Division** or **First Division** can mean:

- 1st Division (military), a military or naval division
- First Division (sport), a division of a sporting league, typically the highest
    - Belgian First Division
    - Football League Championship, formerly called Football League First Division
    - Russian First Division
    - Scottish Football League First Division, a professional football competition in Scotland
    - USL First Division
Kabyle language

**Kabyle** is a Berber language (Kabyle:  __, _taqbaylit_, pronounced ) spoken by the Kabyle people. There are 3,123,000 speakers worldwide, the majority in Algeria, where there are more than 2,000,000 speakers.

Kabyle was (with some exceptions) rarely written before the 20th century; however, in recent years a small but increasing body of literature has been printed. The originally oral poetry of Si Mohand and Ait Menguellet are particularly notable in this respect.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Kabyle
- **states**: Algeria; immigrant communities in France, Belgium, Canada  and elsewhere
- **region**: Kabylie (_Provinces_ of Algiers, Béjaïa Province, Béjaïa, Bordj Bou Arréridj Province, BBA, Bouira Province, Bouira, Boumerdès Province, Boumerdes, Sétif Province, Sétif,  Tizi Ouzou Province, Tizi Ouzou, and parts of Jijel Province, Jijel)
- **speakers**: 5 to 7 millions worldwide.
- **ethnicity**: Kabyle people
- **familycolor**: Afro-Asiatic
- **fam2**: Berber languages, Berber
- **fam3**: Northern Berber languages, Northern Berber
- **iso2**: kab
- **iso3**: kab
- **script**: Berber Latin alphabet
- **map**: Aires linguistiques du nord-est algérien.svg
- **mapcaption**: Kabyle-speaking areas
- **notice**: IPA
Slackware

**Slackware** is a GNU/Linux distribution which is famous for being stable, fast and suitable for older computers. Slackware is the oldest Linux distribution that is still supported.

It does not offer any graphical tools for configuration; rather, the person must change it on their own using the command line interface and by editing text files.

The newest version is Slackware 15.0.

## Related pages

- List of Linux distributions

## Other websites

- http://www.slackware.com - The official website.
Tropical Storm Bret (2005)

**Tropical Storm Bret** was a weak storm that only lasted from June 28 to June 29. Bret hit the eastern coast of Mexico on June 29 before dying inland. Bret was also the second storm of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.

Tropical Storm Bret formed close to land over the Bay of Campeche on June 28 before making landfall on Mexico a few hours later on June 29. Bret killed a total of two people.

## Storm history

Tropical Depression Two formed from a tropical wave over the Bay of Campeche on June 28, and quickly strengthened and became a tropical storm. Bret then began to move steadily closer to land during the next few hours before making landfall near Tuxpan, Veracruz in eastern Mexico early on June 29 with 40 mph (65 km/h) winds.

Bret quickly weakened as it continued inland, making heavy rain over the eastern coast of Mexico before dissipating over the mountains in central Mexico late on June 29.

## Impact

Damages in Mexico totaled up to $9 million (2005 USD).
Most of the damage came from floods and landslides caused by the heavy rain. Several towns were flooded very badly, including Naranjos and Chinampa (south of Tampico). This was mainly because of the overflowing of the Río Tancochin. A total of about 3,000 homes were damaged.

Two people were reported dead because of Bret. Two people inside a car were killed when the car was swept away by the floodwaters in Naranjos.

## Related pages

- 2005 Atlantic hurricane season

## Other websites

- NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Bret
- NHC's Tropical Cyclone Report on Tropical Storm Bret

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Tropical Storm Bret
- **type**: Tropical storm
- **year**: 2005
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Tsbret2005.jpg
- **image name**: Tropical Storm Bert on June 29.
- **formed**: June 28, 2005
- **dissipated**: June 29, 2005
- **1-min winds**: 35
- **pressure**: 1002
- **damages**: 9
- **fatalities**: 2 direct
- **areas**: Central Mexico
- **hurricane season**: 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
Flash Gordon

***Flash Gordon*** is a science fiction adventure story that began as a comic strip in 1934. Since then, the Flash Gordon story has been made into movies, TV shows and a radio show.

In the story, Flash Gordon and Dale Arden blast off into space in a rocket invented by the strange Dr. Hans Zarkov. They travel to the planet Mongo, where the evil Emperor Ming plans to take over the Earth. Flash, Dale and Zarkov have to make friends with the other people on Mongo, to battle Ming and stop his plans.

A new _Flash Gordon_ TV show premieres on the Sci Fi Channel in August 2007.
2 (number)

**2** (**Two**; ) is a number, numeral, and glyph.  It is the number after 1 (one), followed by 3 (three), then 4 (four). In Roman numerals, it is **II**. It is also now a modern staple numeral, in games such as Roblox, which help spread the word for these items through the internet. This includes users such as **toyspid**, that have been apart of some of it's spreading through Roblox.

## In mathematics

Two has many meanings in math. For example: . An integer is _even_ if half of it equals an integer. If the last digit of a number is even, then the number is even. This means that if you multiply 2 times any whole number, it will end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.

Two is the smallest, first, and only even prime number. The next prime number is three. Two and three are the only prime numbers next to each other. The even numbers above two are not prime because they are divisible by 2.

Fractions with 2 in the bottom do not yield infinite.

Two is the framework of the binary system used in computers. The binary way is the simplest system of numbers where natural numbers (the numbers used to count) can be written.

Two also has the unique property that 2+2 = 2·2 = 2<sup>2</sup> and 2! + 2 = 2<sup>2</sup>.

Powers of two are important to computer science.

The square root of two was the first known irrational number.

## Infobox (number)

- **divisor**: 1, 2
- **roman unicode**: Ⅱ, ⅱ
- **greek prefix**: Wiktionary:di-, di-
- **latin prefix**: Wiktionary:duo-, duo- Wiktionary:bi-, bi-
- **old english prefix**: Wiktionary:twi-, twi-
- **lang1**: Greek numeral
- **lang1 symbol**: β'
- **lang2**: Eastern Arabic numerals, Arabic
- **lang3**: Urdu
- **lang4**: Ge'ez alphabet, Ge'ez
- **lang4 symbol**: ፪
- **lang5**: Bengali numerals, Bengali
- **lang6**: Chinese numeral
- **lang6 symbol**: 二，弍，贰，貳
- **lang7**: Devanāgarī
- **lang8**: Indian numerals#Telugu numerals and their names, Telugu
- **lang9**: Tamil numerals, Tamil
- **lang10**: Hebrew numerals, Hebrew
- **lang10 symbol**: (Bet)
- **lang11**: Khmer numerals, Khmer
- **lang11 symbol**: ២
- **lang12**: Korean numerals, Korean
- **lang12 symbol**: 이，둘
- **lang13**: Thai numerals, Thai
- **lang13 symbol**: ๒
Success

**Success** may mean:
- a level of social status
- achievement of an objective or goal
- the opposite of failure
- achievement of freedom

## Geography

- Success, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia in Australia
- Success, Arkansas, United States
- Success, Missouri, United States
- Success, New Hampshire, United States
Strut bar

A car's **strut bar** or **strut brace** is to prevent body roll by bracing the top of the strut towers together.

Most strut bars follow one of two design types:

- A single-piece strut bar (most common)
- A hinged type strut bar
Front-wheel drive

**Front-wheel drive**, or **FWD**, is a car setup, where the car's power is at the front wheels. This makes the car safe in wet and snowy conditions, because it has better traction, or grip, to the road. But, FWD can cause uneven weight, which may cause brakes to fail if used for large periods of time.
Rear-wheel drive

**Rear-wheel drive**, or **RWD**, is when a car uses its rear wheels to move. This is good for dry roads, and for acceleration, or how fast you move forward, as the weight is pushed backwards on the back wheels. But, RWD cars can spin out, also called oversteer or fishtail. This can cause crashes if the driver is new and not familiar with RWD cars.
Wireless

The word **wireless** is used to refer to any type of electrical or electronic operation which is done without a "hard wired" connection. **Wireless communication** is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of wires. The distances involved may be short (when using a television remote control) or long (thousands or even millions of kilometers for radio communications).

## Uses

One of the most popular wireless technology is the mobile phone, with more than 6.8 billion subscriptions worldwide as of 2013. The term **wireless technology** is generally used for mobile information technology (IT) equipment. Examples include mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), Global Positioning System (GPS) units, garage door openers, wireless computer mice and keyboards, satellite television and cordless telephones.

## History

The world's first wireless telephone conversation happened in 1880, when Alexander Graham Bell and Charles Sumner Tainter invented photophone, a telephone that made conversations wirelessly using light beams.    In 1946, a driver in Saint Louis, Mo. placed the first cell phone call in history. The cell phone was invented by Bell Labs and future AT&T CEO, H.I Romnes.

## Related pages

- Computer network
- Radio wave
- Telecommunication
Centrifuge

A **centrifuge** is a device with a motor in it, which is used to spin an object with high speed. This high speed spinning forces the object outwards. This force is used for several purposes:

- a **uranium centrifuge** is used to separate two isotopes of uranium (named U-235 and U-238) from each other;
- in medical laboratories, serum is separated from the blood samples using a centrifuge;
- in chemical laboratories, centrifuges are used to subtract solid parts of an emulsion from its liquid parts.
- large centrifuges are used by NASA to expose astronauts to high forces for their training.
Shah

**Shah** () is a Persian word which means the king or ruler of a country. This word is used in different countries in the world, including Iran, India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Presently the term "Shah" is used as a surname by people in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan who  are Hindu, Muslim and Jain. The most famous of them is Shah Jahan, who as the Emperor of India ordered the creation of Taj Mahal. The last ruler who used "Shah" as a royal title was Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran from 1949 to 1979.
Approval voting

**Approval voting** is a voting system used for elections. In approval voting, each person can vote for any number of candidates they like. The votes for each of the candidates are counted, and summed up. The candidate or candidates with most votes are chosen as the winners of the election.

Supporters argue it to be better than plurality voting because voters can vote for the lessor of evils advertised by the media but also for their favorite candidates. If their goal is just to vote against a candidate, they can do so more forcefully by approving all other candidates. Ballots can easily be hand counted if voters do not trust computers, which might be needed for Instant Runoff Voting. Vote spoiling is not an issue with approval voting, so many candidates may run for office.

Opponents argue that voters still have some of the problems of plurality voting, which is that they do not know if they will need to compromise their vote or not(tactical voting). Giving approval to a compromise candidate could result in that compromise candidate winning, when their favorite would have won had they not given approval to the compromise candidate. It is possible for 51% of voters (a majority) to view a candidate as their first choice but for that candidate to lose to a compromise candidate because many of those voters approved the compromise candidate as well. Not knowing whether or not to compromise is a problem with all voting systems when at least three strong candidates run.
Agar plate

An **agar plate** is a Petri dish that contains agar and some nutrients (food for the microorganisms). It is used to grow microorganisms. For example, a blood sample of a patient may be put on agar plate, to let the bacteria that made the patient sick grow. These bacteria can then be identified using a microscope to let the doctor choose the appropriate treatment of the patient.

When microorganisms grow on the agar plate, they form colonies. Each colony has similar genetic characteristics.

There are many types of agar plates that are used, but the two main types are defined and undefined. An undefined plate's nutrients aren't exactly known, but everything in a defined plate is accounted for.

## Related pages

- Tissue culture
Al-Hallaj

**Abū al-Mughīth Hossein ibn Manūr Al Hallāj** (c. 858 - 26 March 922) () or **Hallaj** was a Persian poet and writer. Hallaj was born in Shūshtar, Iran. Hallaj memorized the Quran when he was young. He taught Sufism in Baghdad. Muslim scholars were against his teachings. He was imprisoned in Baghdad for eleven years. In the end, he was tortured and he was beheaded by Abbasid rulers.
Again

"**Again**" is the name of many songs:
- "Again" (1949 song), recorded by many singers, with Doris Day, Vic Damone and Vera Lynn
- "Again" (1993 album), by Alan Stivell
- "Again" (Alice in Chains song), by Alice in Chains
- "Again" (2002 song), by Archive
- "Again" (2004 song), by Earshot
- "Again" (2005 song), from the album _The First Lady_ by Faith Evans
- "Again" (2006 song), by Yui Sakakibara
- "Again" (Lenny Kravitz song), the 2001 song by Lenny Kravitz
- "Again" (Janet Jackson song), from the album _janet._ by Janet Jackson
Conical measure

A **conical measure** is a piece of laboratory equipment which is used to store and mix liquids.

## Structure

A conical measure is a conical, or in the shape of a cone. It has a wide top so that liquids can be poured in more easily and marks on the side of it to help measure the amount of liquid more easily. They can be made of plastic or glass.

## Uses

A conical measure can be used in any pouring, measuring or mixing of liquids. This means that it is useful in:
- Pharmacies
- Schools
- Laboratories
- Hospitals
They are also useful in homes as a measuring cup for cooking.

Conical measures are not very accurate, but are easy to use and to mix liquids in.

## Other websites

- A conical measure manufactorer  - See for picture
- Experiment using conical measures
Unsuri

**Abu Al Qasim Hasan ibn Ahmad Unsuri Balkhi** (d. 1039/1040) () or **Unsuri** was a Persian poet. He was born in Balkh, in modern Afghanistan. He became the poet of Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi. Mahmud Ghaznavi called him "King of Poets". All of his poems are in Persian. His poems are collected in a Divan.
Ali Shariati

**Ali Shariati Mazinani** (1933-1977) (Persian: علی شريعتی مزینانی) or **Shariati** was an Iranian Muslim philosopher, sociologist, poet and writer.

## Shariati's life

Shariati was born in 1933 in Mazinan, Iran. He studied sociology in the University of Paris. He returned to Iran in 1964. When he returned to Iran, the Shah regime arrested and imprisoned him for political reasons. He was released in 1965. Shariati began teaching at the University of Mashhad. He began lecturing at the Hosseiniye Ershad institute in 1967. The Shah regime arrested him again. When he was freed in 1975, he was not allowed to teach or publish anything. Shariati decided to leave the country for England. Three weeks later he died in Southampton under suspicious circumstances. He was buried in Damascus, Syria.

## Shariati's most important books

1. _ Hajj (The Pilgrimage)_
1. _Where Shall We Begin?_
1. _Mission of a Free Thinker_
1. _The Free Man and Freedom of the Man_
1. _Extraction and Refinement of Cultural Resources_
1. _Martyrdom (book)_
1. _Arise and Bear Witness_
1. _Ali_
1. _An approach to Understanding Islam_
1. _A Visage of Prophet Muhammad_
1. _A Glance of Tomorrow's History_
1. _Reflections of Humanity_
1. _A Manifestation of Self-Reconstruction and Reformation_
1. _Selection and/or Election_
1. _Norouz, Declaration of Iranian's Livelihood, Eternity_
1. _Expectations from the Muslim Woman_
1. _Horr_ (_Battle of Karbala_)
1. _Abu-Dahr_
1. _Hossein Heir of Adam_
1. _Islamology_
1. _Red Shi'ism vs. Black Shi'ism_
1. _Jihad and Shahadat_
1. _Reflections of a Concerned Muslim on the Plight of Oppressed People_
1. _A Message to the Enlightened Thinkers_
1. _Art Awaiting the Saviour_
1. _Fatemeh is Fatemeh_
1. _The Philosophy of Supplication_
1. The Fall
1. One, in front of it,Zeros to eternity
1. Father,mother,we are culprits
1. The Tale, My brother
1. The Three Idols
1. History of Civilization
1. _Man and Islam_ - see chapter "Modern Man and His Prisons"
1. _Religion versus Religion _

## Related pages

- List of sociologists from Asia

## Other websites

- Dr Ali Shariati
- Dr Ali Shariati PDF Books
- History of Iran & Persian
Kisai Marvazi

**Abul Hasan Abu Ishaq Kasa'i Marvazi** (or **Marvzi**) (953 - 10th century)
() or **Kasai** is a Persian poet. He was born in Marv. He was a poet in the court of Mahmud Ghaznavi. He converted to Shia Islam. He has praised Ali ibn Abi Talib many times in his poems. All of his poems are in Persian. His poems are collected in a Diwan.
Farrokhi Sistani

**Abul Hasan Ali ibn Julugh Farrukhi Sistani** (c. 980 - 1037 or 1038) () or **Farrokhi** is a Persian poet. Farrokhi was the best poet in the court of Mahmud Ghaznavi. All of his poems are in Persian. His poems are collected in a Divan.
Mu'izzi

**Amir Abdollah Muhammad Mu'izzi** (1048-1125) was an 11th century and 12th century poet. He was from Persia, and was the poet laureate of Sanjar. He was from the village of Nisa. He is considered one of the great masters of the Persian panegyric qasideh.

He lived in the courts of Malik Shah I and Sultan Sanjar. His _divan_ of 18,000 distichs remain. Anvari says Mu'izzi copied the verses of other poets (this cannot be proven for certain). Anvari himself is known to have copied Mu'izzi's verses. Mu'izzi is said to have died by an arrow shot by the King's son in 1125 for unknown reasons. He was accidentally shot by Sanjar.

## Example

Ghazel of Mu'izzi in Tajik:

- Эй руйи ту рахшандатар аз киблаи Зардушт,
- Бе руйи ту чун зулфи куж аст маро пушт.
- Ишки ту маро кушту хавои ту маро сухт,
- Чаври ту маро хасту чафои ту маро кушт.
- Харчанд хама чавру чафои ту кашидам,
- харгиз накунам мехру вафои ту фаромушт.
- Бархезу биё то зи руху зулфи ту имшаб,
- Пурлола кунам доману пурмушк кунам мушт

translation -

- Hey your face is brighter than qibla of Zarostra
- Without your face and ringlets crooked in my back
- Your love killed me and your air burnt me
- I have your oppression and your cruelty killed me
- Whatever your oppression and cruelty I suffered from
- Never I will forget your kindness and loyalty
- Get up and come this night
- I will make you full of tulips...

## Notes

1. Granville, E. G. (1997) _A Literary History of Persia_

## References

- Jan Rypka, _History of Iranian Literature_. Reidel Publishing Company. 1968 .
- The Influence of India and Persia on the Poetry of Germany
Khaqani Shirvani

**Afzal ad- Din Badil Ibrahim ibn Ali Nadjar Khaqani Shirvani** (1120-1190) () or **Khaghani Shirvani** was a Persian poet. His most famous poem is _The Arch of Madain_(). He wrote the poem book _Tohfat-ul Iraqein_ (in Persian: تحفه العراقين meaning A Gift from the Two Iraqs) in his journey to Mesopotamia. The Shirvanshah ordered his officers to imprison him. Khaghani was in prison for nearly five years. In prison, he wrote the poems called Habsiyye (, meaning _The Prison Book_). After he was freed, he moved to Tabriz. Khaghani died in Tabriz.
Sohrab Sepehri

**Sohrab Sepehri** (; October 7, 1928 – April 21, 1980) was an Iranian poet and painter. He was born in Kashan, Iran. His poems are in Persian. His most famous poetry book is Hasht Ketab (Eight Books). His poems have been translated to French, English, Arabic, Italian, Swedish, Hindi and Russian. Sohrab Sepehri died in Tehran.
Shabestari

**Mahmud Shabestari** (1288-1340; ) is a Persian Sufi poet. He was born in the city of Tabriz. His most famous poem is called _Gulshan-i Rāz_ (Persian:  meaning "A Secret Rose Garden"). _Gulshan-i Rāz_ is an important Sufi text.
Jami

**Nur ad-Din Abd ar-Rahman Jami** (,  August 18, 1414–November 19, 1492), or **Jami**, was a Persian Sufi poet. He was born in Jam, Persia. He studied science, Arabic literature, natural sciences, Islamic philosophy and Indian literature in Herat University. He went to Samarqand and completed his studies there. Jami wrote eighty seven books, in Persian and Arabic. Some of his books have been translated to English. His poems are collected in a Divan.
Saadi Shirazi

**Sheikh Muslih-ud-Din Mushrif-ibn-Abdullah Saadi Shirazi** (1184-1291) () or **Saadi** was a Persian poet. He was born in Shiraz, Iran. He went to Baghdad to study Arabic literature and Islamic sciences in Nizamiyya University of Baghdad. He travelled to Anatolia, Syria, Egypt and Iraq. His most famous poetry book is the _Bostan_ (, meaning The Orchard). He also wrote the _Golestan_ (, meaning The Rosery). His poems are in Persian and Arabic.
Saint-Paul, Réunion

**Saint-Paul, Réunion** is the second largest city in Réunion. The largest is Saint-Denis. In 2008, a train which connects Saint-Paul to Saint-Denis and the main international airport in Réunion will be completed.

## Other websites

- (in French)

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Saint-Paul
- **commune status**: Subprefectures in France, Subprefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image**: SaintPaul Reunion.JPG
- **caption**: A view over the town centre and the gulf of Saint-Paul
- **map**: Réunion-Saint-Paul.png
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Saint-Paul (La Réunion).svg
- **arrondissement**: Saint-Paul
- **canton**: Cantons of Saint-Paul, 3 cantons
- **insee**: 97415
- **postal code**: 97460
- **mayor**: Huguette Bello
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Territoire de la Côte Ouest
- **elevation m**: 4
- **elevation min m**: 0
- **elevation max m**: 2955
- **area km2**: 241.28
Iraj Mirza

**Jalalolmamalek pesar-e Gholam-Hossein Mirza** (October 1874 - 14 March 1926) () or **Iraj Mirza** () was an Iranian poet. He was born in Tabriz, Iran.

His most famous poems are Satan (in Persian: _Ebleess_), Mother (in Persian: _Maadar_), Woman's picture (in Persian _Tassvir-e-Zan_), Story of the Hijab (in Persian _Daastaan-e Chaador_) and the story of Zohreh and Manouchehr (in Persian: _Daastaan e Zohreh o Manouchehr_).

He died in Tehran on 14 March 1926. His tomb is in Shemiran, north of Tehran.
Federal

**Federal** could mean:
- Federalism, a political philosophy
- Federation, a union of states
- Federal republic
- Federal government of the United States
Federalism

**Federalism** is a political philosophy in which a group of people are bound together, with a governing head. In a federation, the authority is divided between the head (for example the national government of a country) and the political units governed by it (for example the states or provinces of the country).

Several countries in the world have a federal government; examples are United States of America, Canada, Nigeria, Australia, India, Brazil, Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. The European Union can be called a sort of federal government as well.

In the United States Constitution for example, the federal government and state governments both have power. When states and the federal government do not agree on something, the federal government can sue the state in court using the Supremacy Clause in Article VI of the Constitution. This case can go as far as the Supreme Court to decide which side is right. The federal government does not always do this. It has taken no action when several states made marijuana legal or when prostitution was made legal in parts of Nevada. It has sued over an immigration law in Arizona.
Federation

A **federation** is a union of a number of self-governing states or regions, which are joined together under a central government.  The central government is not able to do a lot of things that central government in more centralized states can.  These things are done by the states (or regions) in a federalized state.

The United States of America is a federation. The federal (central) government has the highest executive role. However, state governments can exercise any powers as long as those powers are not assigned to the federal government (by the United States Constitution) and if those powers are not prohibited by the states themselves.
Federal republic

A **federal republic** is a federation of a lot of states, with a republican form of central governments. It differs from a unitary state in that in a federal republic, the authorities of the state governments cannot be taken back by the central governments.

A republic is a country belonging to the people, whereas a federation is a form of government where by regional divisions are not branches of the central government. Thus, a federal republic has power divisions and regional governments fall under the power domain of the national government.

Many countries have a federal republic government; some examples are the Republic of Austria, Federal Republic of Brazil, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Federal Republic of Germany, Republic of India, United Mexican States, Swiss Confederation, Federal Republic of Nigeria, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Boliviari Republic of Venezuela, and the United States of America.  As this list shows, some of these countries use "Federal Republic" in their name, and some do not. Federal Republics usually have presidents.

There can be more than one type of Federal republic. For example, the United States is a Constitutional Federal Republic. Ethiopia also has a Federal Republic government

## History of the American Federal republic

The American Federal republican system has grown over the past 225 years.
Square (disambiguation)

A **square** is a shape with four equal sides and four equal angles.

**Square** may also mean:

## Mathematics

- To square, to multiply a number by itself
- Unit square
- Square wave
- Square root
- Square matrix
- Square number

## Units of Measure

- Square inch
- Square foot
- Square yard
- Square mile
- Square metre
- Square kilometre
- Square (building area)

## Engineering and drafting

- Carpentry square
- Combination square
- Machinist square
- Speed square
- Steel square
- Set square
- T-square
- Try square

## Locations

A **town square** or market square is an open area commonly found in the heart of a traditional town. Notable squares include:

- Dundas Square
- Harvard Square
- Naghsh-i Jahan Square
- Piłsudski Square, Warsaw
- Red Square, Moscow
- Tiananmen Square
- Times Square
- Trafalgar Square
- Triple Cross Square, Warsaw
- Union Square
- Victoria Square, Montreal

Other locations called "Square" include:
- Square Lake, Maine
- The Square Shopping Centre (Tallaght, Ireland)

## Military

- Infantry square, a military tactical formation
- Pike square, a military tactical formation
- Square Division

## Music

- Square (band)

## Sport and leisure

- a modifier adjective, used when describing fielding positions in cricket
- an adjective or noun, used when describing two positions parallel with one another relative to the goal in football

## Other

- Square (slang), a cigarette
- Square (slang), an unhip person
- Square (cipher), a cryptographic block cipher
- Square (album) by Buck 65
- Square Enix, a video game company
    - Square Co.
    - Square Electronic Arts
    - Square Pictures
- Square dance
- Square engine
- Mandarin square, a Chinese insignia
- Square rig, a sailing term
- Reef knot, also known as a square knot
- An astrological aspect of 90 degrees
- "■", written character
Square (algebra)

In mathematics, a **square** of a number means the result of multiplying the number by itself. For example, the square of 6 is 6×6 = 36.

It is named this because squaring a number gives the area of a square.

Squaring a number can also be written as 6<sup>2</sup> = 36. Squaring is the same as raising to the power of 2.

Many of the units of area are squares. For example, a _square meter_ means the area equal to the area of a rectangle which is one meter tall and one meter wide.

## Related pages

- Square number
Pan (moon)

**Pan** is a moon of Saturn. It is the closest moon to the planet, orbiting 133,600 km above Saturn's cloud tops. It was discovered in 1990 by Mark Showalter. He discovered Pan when he was analysing the photos taken by Voyager 2. It orbits inside the Encke gap which it has made Saturn's A Ring.

Pan was named after the Greek god Pan on 16 September 1991. It is also known as ****.

Its mass is in the range .

## Infobox (planet)

- **name**: Pan
- **adjectives**: Pandean
- **image**: Pan side view.jpg
- **caption**: Pan amid the rings of Saturn. The 'side' view gives Pan the appearance of being embedded in the rings, although it actually travels within the Encke Gap.
- **bgcolour**: #a0ffa0
- **discoverer**: M. R. Showalter
- **discovered**: July 16, 1990
- **semimajor**: 133,584.0±0.1 km
- **eccentricity**: 0.0000144±0.0000054
- **period**: 0.575050718 days (13.801217 hours)
- **inclination**: 0.0001°±0.0004°
- **satellite of**: Saturn (planet), Saturn
- **dimensions**: 34.4 × 31.4 × 20.8 km
- **mean radius**: 14.1 ± 1.3 km
- **mass**: 4.95 ± 0.75  kilogram, kg
- **density**: 0.42 ± 0.15 g/cm³
- **surface grav**: 0.0001–0.0018 Acceleration, m/s<sup>2</sup>
- **escape velocity**: ~0.006 km/s
- **rotation**: synchronous rotation, synchronous
- **axial tilt**: zero
- **albedo**: 0.5
- **single temperature**: ~78 K
Atlas (moon)

**Atlas** is a moon of Saturn. It was discovered by Richard Terrile from photos taken by Voyager 1 in 1980. It was named after the Atlas in Greek mythology. It orbits just outside Saturn's _A ring_.
Prometheus (moon)

**Prometheus** is a moon of Saturn. Prometheus was discovered by Stewart Collins from Voyager 1 photos in 1981. It was named after the god of the same name in Greek mythology. The moon acts as a shepherd satellite for the inner part of Saturn's _F ring_.
Chris Daughtry

**Christopher Adam "Chris" Daughtry** (born December 26, 1979) is an American singer. He is best known for being the fourth-place finisher on _American Idol_. He is also the lead singer of Daughtry. His band released their first album in 2006.

Studio Albums By Daughtry.

1. Daughtry (2006)
1. Leave This Town (2009)
1. Break The Spell (2011)
1. Baptized (2013)
1. Cage To Rattle (2018)
1. Dearly Beloved (2021)

## Other websites

- Official website
- Chris Daughtry at WikiMusicGuide

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Chris Daughtry
- **img**: Daughtry Performs in Florida (8498371534).jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Christopher Adam Daughtry
- **alias**: Chris Daughtry
- **birth place**: Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina, United States, USA
- **origin**: McLeansville, North Carolina, McLeansville, North Carolina, United States, USA
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, alternative rock, post-grunge
- **instrument**: singing, Vocals, guitar
- **years active**: 2004 in music, 2004—present
- **label**: RCA Records, RCA/19 Entertainment, 19
- **associated acts**: Daughtry (band), Daughtry, Absent Element