juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Hanna Grönvall

**Johanna Kristina "Hanna" Grönvall** (10 December 1879 in Västra Sallerup, Malmöhus County, Sweden – 22 May 1953) was a Swedish politician (social democrat) and trade unionist.

Grönwall worked as a maid from 1900 to 1934. In 1933, she became a member of the committee founded to examine the working conditions of domestics, and in 1934, she became deputy chairman of the trade union for domestics, Stockholms hembiträdesförening. She was the founder of the Central Comitté of Domestics, Hembiträdesföreningarnas centralkommitté, in 1936. Grönwall was a member of the city council of Stockholm Municipality for the social democrats.
Hall boy

A **hall boy** or **hallboy** was the lowest ranked male domestic worker on the staff of a great house. Hallboys were usually children or young teenagers. They were called "hallboys" because their main duties were in the servants' hall, and they sometimes slept there too.

Hallboys were similar in position to scullery maids. They worked every day, up to 16 hours per day. They often had the worst chores in the house, like emptying chamber pots for the higher-ranking servants, and (if there was no boot boy) cleaning people's boots.

A hall boy could rise through the ranks and, if fortunate, eventually become a valet or butler.  Arthur Inch, butler technical consultant for the film _Gosford Park_, stated in an interview that he began his life in service as a hall boy at the age of 15.
Elisa Lindström

**Eva "Elisa" Lindström**, born 24 April 1991 in Töreboda, Sweden, is a Swedish singer. She is currently the lead singer for the dansband, Elisa's.

As part of the music group Lali, she participated in Lilla Melodifestivalen in 2005, where their song titled "Du får ta mitt hjärta" (You can take my heart) finished in sixth place overall. The song was co-written by Elisa herself and her sister Alma Lindström.

The band Elisa's was formed in 2009 by Lindström and others from the same musical education program in a school in Skövde. In 2010, Lindström and her danceband Elisa's got national attention competing in the SVT danceband reality competition show _Dansbandskampen_ (meaning the battle of the dancebands), where her band qualified to the finals, eventually winning the contest in the final held on 11 December 2010. Elisa Lindström won "Singer of the Year 2011" at the Guldklaven Awards in early 2012.

In 2013, Lindström took part in the choir singing competition show _Körslaget_ (meaning Clash of the Choirs) broadcast on TV4, where she led a choir from her hometown of Töreboda. Lindström made it to the 19 October 2013 final where they competed against the other finalist, a choir led by singer Anna Book. Lindström won the final of Körslaget.

In November 2013 it was revealed that Lindström will participate in Melodifestivalen 2014 in hopes of representing Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 in Copenhagen, Denmark. She competed in the first heat with the song "Casanova".

### Solo albums

- Leva - 2014

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Elisa Lindström
- **image**: Elisa Lindström 2013.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Elisa Lindström (2013)
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Eva Lindström
- **origin**: Töreboda, Sweden
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 2006–present
- **associated acts**: Elisa's
Servants' hall

The **servants' hall** is traditionally a common room for domestic workers in a great house. The term usually refers to the domestic workers' dining room.

If there is no separate sitting room, the Servants' Hall doubles as the place servants may spend their leisure hours and serves as both sitting room and dining room.
Convention on Domestic Workers

The **Convention on Domestic Workers**, formally the **Convention concerning Decent Work for Domestic Workers** is a convention setting labour standards for domestic workers. It is the 189th ILO convention and was adopted during the 100th session of the International Labour Organization, in 16 June 2011. It entered into force on 5 September 2013.
Seal of Pennsylvania

The **Seal of Pennsylvania** is the state seal for the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Unlike most seals, it has a front and a back.

The front has an image of wheat, a ship and plow. Philadelphia is represented by the ship. The outer ring contains the words "Seal of the State of Pennsylvania" though the state is really a commonwealth. The back has the words "Both Can't Survive".
Seal of Connecticut

The **Connecticut State Seal** is the seal of the U.S. State of Connecticut. It became that in May of 1784. It has three grapevines and a ribbon inside. The outer edges of the seal say **SIGILLUM REIPUBLICÆ CONNECTICUTENSIS** (or "Seal of the State of Connecticut").

The first seal was in 1639. It changed between then and 1784.
Seal of Rhode Island

The **Seal of the State of Rhode Island** is the state seal of the U.S. state of Rhode Island. It has a dark blue background. There is an anchor under the word "HOPE" (the state motto of Rhode Island). The outer circle says "Seal of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations". The outer circle also has "1636" (the year Providence was founded) at the bottom. A variation of the seal was first used before Rhode Island was a state. Also the Seal has the word "hope" because of Howard.M's notes.
Seal of Delaware

The **Great Seal of the State of Delaware** is the seal of the U.S. State of Delaware. The seal shows a shield, an ox and sailing ships. On the outer edge it says "Great Seal of the State of Delaware".

The dates 1704, 1776 and 1787 are shown at the bottom of this state seal.
Flag and seal of New Hampshire

The **Seal of the State of New Hampshire** was first created in 1776. The state flag has the seal in a dark blue background. The seal shows a ship on stocks, with a rising sun in background. The outer ring has the words "Seal of the State of New Hampshire".
Epico

**Orlando Tito Colón Nieves** (born March 24, 1982) is a Puerto Rican professional wrestler. He is best known for his tenure in WWE, where he performed under the ring name **Epico (Colón)**, and **Fernando**. He spent most of his WWE career in a tag team with his real-life cousin Primo.

## Career

On the November 4 2011 episode of _SmackDown_, Colón debuted on the main roster as a heel under the ring name **Epico**. He faced Sin Cara but lost by disqualification after Hunico ran in and attacked Sin Cara.

Epico then began teaming with Primo, with Rosa Mendes as their manager. Epico and Primo defeated Air Boom (Evan Bourne and Kofi Kingston) at a _Raw_ live event on January 15, 2012, in Oakland, California to win the WWE Tag Team Championship. They lost the championships to Kofi Kingston and R-Truth on the April 30 episode of _Raw_.

On the September 30 edition of _Raw_, Epico and Primo changed their gimmicks and debuted as **Los Matadores**, as a face team of two masked Spanish bullfighters with El Torito as their mascot. They defeated 3MB in their debut.

## Championships

- **Coastal Championship Wrestling**
    - CCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Eddie Colón
- **Florida Championship Wrestling**
    - FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Hunico
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - PWI ranked him #**75** of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2008
    - Ranked No. 151 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the _PWI 500_ in 2019
- **World Wrestling Council**
    - WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
    - WWC Caribbean Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
    - WWC Puerto Rico Heavyweight Championship (6 times)
- **WWE**
    - WWE Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Primo

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Epico
- **image**: Epico Colón April 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Epico in April 2019
- **birthname**: Orlando Tito Colón Nieves
- **birth place**: San Juan, Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- **relatives**: Carlos Colón Sr. (uncle)
Carlito (cousin)
Primo Colón (cousin)
- **alma mater**: Western Michigan University
- **names**: Dos Equis
Dynamico
Epico
Epico Colon
Fernando
Fire Blaze
**Orlando Colón**
Tito Colon
Tito Nieves
- **billed**: San Juan, Puerto Rico
Bullring, Plaza de Toros
- **trainer**: Carlos Colón Sr.
Dan Severn
- **debut**: 2005
- **retired**: 2021
United States debt ceiling

The **United States debt ceiling** is a limit that tells how much money the United States government can borrow at any given time. It is set by the United States Congress.  Its basic purpose is to try to lower the national debt of the United States or prevent excessive borrowing. The debt ceiling was created in 1917 under the Second Liberty Bond Act. It was designed to fund the US as it entered World War I. Before the creation of the debt ceiling, the president determined how much debt could be incurred in a given time. This was changed in 1917 to prevent the president from having too much borrowing power. The debt ceiling in 2011 was 14.3 trillion dollars.
Public-private partnership

A **public-private partnership** is a contract between the public sector, or government, and a private company. The purpose for such public-private partnerships is to provide public services, like education and transportation. This is without changing the private business into a government-operated service. One way of doing this is to allow the government to pay the business for providing free services to the public. The business provides the services for free and then charges the government for compensation, in which the government agrees. Supporters of public-private partnerships argue that it reduces inefficiency and provides the free market with greater flexibility.
Kill the DJ

"**Kill the DJ**" is the second single off American punk rock band Green Day's ninth studio album _¡Uno!_. The song was released on August 14, 2012. The song is influenced from dance music which Green Day has never attempted before.

## Music video

The video features Green Day riding motorcycles through the desert going towards a nightclub in a black-and-white clip. When they perform at the club, two girls begin fighting and bottles get broken. At the end, the two girls end up with blood on their faces and clothes while they dance.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Kill the DJ
- **artist**: Green Day
- **album**: ¡Uno!
- **released**: August 14, 2012
- **recorded**: February 14–June 26, 2012
- **genre**: Dance-punk
- **length**: 3:43
- **label**: Reprise Records, Reprise, Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros.
- **writer**: Billie Joe Armstrong/Green Day
- **prev title**: Oh Love
- **prev year**: 2012
- **next title**: Let Yourself Go (Green Day song), Let Yourself Go
- **next year**: 2012
Awesome as Fuck

***Awesome as Fuck*** (also stylized as **Awesome as F**k** or **Awesome as ******) is the second live album by American punk rock band, Green Day. _Awesome as Fuck_ was released on March 22, 2011.

It has songs from Green Day's 2009–2010 21st Century Breakdown World Tour which was in support for their eighth studio album _21st Century Breakdown_. It also contains a DVD of a concert that was recorded at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Awesome as F**k
- **type**: live
- **artist**: Green Day
- **released**: March 22, 2011
- **genre**: Punk rock, alternative rock
- **length**: 63:46
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Reprise Records, Reprise
- **producer**: Green Day
- **prev title**: Last Night on Earth: Live in Tokyo
- **prev year**: 2009
- **next title**: ¡Uno!
- **next year**: 2012
Poldine Carlo

**Poldine Demoski Carlo** (December 5, 1920 – May 9, 2018) was an American author. She was an elder of the Koyukon people of Alaska.

She was a founding member of the Fairbanks Native Association (FNA). She was on the Alaska Bicentennial Commission (ABC) board. She was a consultant for the Tanana Chiefs Conference (TCC). She is the author of _Nulato: An Indian Life on the Yukon_. The book was dedicated to her son, Stewart, who died in 1975 in an auto accident.

Carlo was born on December 5, 1920 in Nulato, Territory of Alaska. She married William "Bill" Carlo in 1940. They have eight children, five sons (William, Jr., Kenny, Walter, Glenn, and Stewart) and three daughters (Dorothy, Lucy, and Kathleen). She lives in Fairbanks, Alaska. A building in downtown Fairbanks, owned by the FNA, was named the Poldine Carlo Building in her honor. She died on May 9, 2018 in Fairbanks, Alaska at the age of 97.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Poldine Carlo
- **image**: Poldine_carlo_koyukon.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Poldine Carlo in September 2007.
- **birth name**: Poldine Demoski
- **birth place**: Nulato, Alaska, Nulato, Territory of Alaska, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Fairbanks, Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.
- **occupation**: Author
- **children**: 8 (including Kathleen Carlo-Kendall, Kathleen Carlo)
Pope Adeodatus II

**Pope Adeodatus II** (??? − 17 June 676), also known as **Deodatus II**, was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 11 April 672 until he died in 676.

Very little information is known about him but most surviving records say that he was known for being generous, especially when it came to the poor and to pilgrims. He was a Benedictine. He was already an elderly man when he was elected pope and did not really accomplish much during his four year reign as pope.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: Pope Saint
- **name**: Adeodatus II
- **image**: Pope Adeodatus II Illustration.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **term start**: 11 April 672
- **term end**: 17 June 676
- **predecessor**: Pope Vitalian, Vitalian
- **successor**: Pope Donus, Donus
- **birth date**: ???
- **birth place**: Rome, Byzantine Empire
- **death date**: 17 June 676
- **death place**: Rome, Byzantine Empire
War (disambiguation)

**War** is a conflict using fighting and weapons on a large scale.

**War** or **WAR** may also refer to:

- Warwickshire county in England, standard code
- _War_ (U2 album)
- "War" (Edwin Starr song)
- _Wars_ (series), a Nintendo video game series
- War language (also spelled Waar), spoken in the Indian subcontinent
- War novel, genre of novel
John Henson

**John Paul Henson** (April 25, 1965 — February 14, 2014) was an American puppeteer. He was born in Greenwich, Connecticut. He was a performer of The Muppets. Puppeteers Jim and Jane Henson were his parents.

Henson died on Valentine's Day 2014, aged 48, after having a heart attack.
Mike Von Erich

**Michael Brett Adkisson** (March 2, 1964 — April 12, 1987) was an American professional wrestler. He was better known under the ring name **Mike Von Erich**. He was a member of the famous Von Erich family. His father was Fritz Von Erich, a wrestling promoter and professional wrestler. Mike made his professional wrestling debut on November 24, 1983. Unlike his older brothers, however, he never wanted to do wrestling (according to certain wrestlers tied to Mike, including his brother Kevin).

In 1985, Von Erich was diagnosed with toxic shock syndrome (rare among men). The condition caused brain damage that then affected his behavior and overall performing abilities.

In April 1987, he was arrested for drunk driving and drug charges. A few days later, Mike wrote and left a suicide note for his family, went to Lake Dallas and overdosed on Placidyl and alcohol. His body was found four days later.

## Other websites

- The Von Erichs on WWE.com

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Mike Von Erich
- **names**: Mike Von Erich
- **image**: Mike Von Erich 1985.png
- **birth place**: Dallas, Texas
- **death place**: Lake Dallas, Texas, Lake Dallas, Texas
- **trainer**: Fritz Von Erich
- **debut**: 1983
Polymyalgia rheumatica

**Polymyalgia rheumatica** ("PMR", sometimes called just **polymyalgia**) is a syndrome or condition. It causes pain in the joints and muscles of the upper body. Normal arm and leg movements may be affected.

Most people with PMR have pain during the morning. Sometimes the pain is in the late afternoon or evening. About 15% of people with PMR may also have temporal arteritis. The condition may prevent the normal use of the arms and/or legs.

PMR affects women more than men. PMR usually happens in people age 50 and older. People under age 50 can be affected, although rarely.

One blood test usually performed is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) which measures how fast the patient's red blood cells settle in a test tube. The faster the blood cells settle, the higher the ESR value, which means inflammation is present.

Prednisone is the drug of choice for PMR. Treatment duration is often more than one year.  If the patient does not have dramatic improvement after three days of 10–20mg oral prednisone per day, the diagnosis should be reconsidered.  Sometimes relief of symptoms occurs in just a few hours.
Osteology

**Osteology** is the scientific study of bones, practiced by **osteologists**. It is a part of anatomy and is used by workers in palaeontology, anthropology, and archeology.

Osteology studies the skeleton, and other bony structures. It includes the study of the structure of bones, teeth, their function and growth. It is often used by scientists for the identification of vertebrate remains, including the age, death, sex, and development.
Gas gangrene

**Gas gangrene** is a serious but rare form of bacterial infection that occurs when a pressure ulcer becomes infected with the clostridium bacteria. It is a form of necrotizing myositis.

The bacteria thrive in environments where there is little or no oxygen (anaerobic). They produce gases and release dangerous toxin, over tissues where there is gangrene. Symptoms of gas gangrene include severe pain and rapid swelling of the skin. Gas gangrene requires immediate treatment (it is a medical emergency). In the most serious of cases, it may be necessary perform surgery to amputate (debridement) on the affected body part to prevent the gangrene from spreading to the rest of the body. It can cause sepsis.

## Symptoms

There is quick onset of:
- myonecrosis
    - the supply of blood is cut off from the skeletal muscle and it dies (skeletal muscle infarct)
- muscle swelling
- gas production
- sepsis
- severe pain

## Risk factors include

Risk is increased in:
- diabetes
- trauma
- malignancy (cancer)

## Treatment

- remove all dead tissue (eg amputation) (debridement)
Benzylpenicillin with or without clindamycin.

Hyperbaric oxygen can improve survival and lower the number of debridements.

## Related pages

- Necrotizing fasciitis
- Gangrene

## Infobox (medical condition (new))

- **name**: Gas gangrene
- **synonyms**: Myonecrosis
- **speciality**: Infectious disease
- **image**: Gas gangrene.jpg
- **caption**: Person with gas gangrene. The patient had gone into shock.
Slite

**Slite** is a locality in Gotland Municipality, Gotland County, Sweden. In 2010, 1,483 people lived there. For a long time Slite was an important place for trade and business; nowadays tourism is an important source of income but also industry with stone and gravel, producing concrete from raw material of limestone from nearby quarries.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Slite
- **image skyline**: SliteRAÄ.jpg
- **image caption**: Slite
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Gotland Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Gotland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Gotland
- **area total km2**: 2.51
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 1,483
- **population density km2**: 592
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Roma, Gotland

**Roma** (also referred to as **Romakloster**) is a locality (Swedish _tätort_) in Gotland Municipality, Gotland County, Sweden. In 2010, 913 people lived there.

In 1995 the locality known as Roma was divided by Statistics Sweden into a part with the tentative name of "Roma kyrkby" or "Lövsta" (pop. 277) and the remaining part that retained the name "Roma" (pop. 913), but is using to as "Romakloster" as postal address.
Some confusion is caused by the fact that Lövsta/Roma kyrkby has been referred to as "Roma" in the statistical figures since 2000.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Romakloster
- **image skyline**: Roma abbey, church ruins.jpg
- **image caption**: Roma Abbey church ruins
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **pushpin mapsize**: 200
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Gotland Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Gotland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Gotland
- **area total km2**: 1.26
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 913
- **population density km2**: 727
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Servants' quarters

**Servants' quarters** are those parts of a building, traditionally in a private house, which contain the domestic offices and staff accommodation. From the late 17th century until the late 19th/early 20th century they were a common feature in many large houses.
Maria I of Portugal

**Maria I** (English: _Mary I_) (17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816) was the Queen of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Known as **Maria the Pious** (in Portugal), or **Maria the Mad** (in Brazil), she was the first undisputed Queen (in her own right) of Portugal. Her court, then under the direction of her eldest son and heir Dom João, the Prince Regent, moved to the then Portuguese colony of Brazil. Later on, Brazil would be elevated from the rank of a colony to that of a Kingdom. This led to the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.

## Early life

Maria was born at the Ribeira Royal Palace in Lisbon. On the day of her birth, her grandfather, King João V, created her the Princess of Beira. She was the eldest of all her  four siblings.

When her father succeeded to the throne in 1750 as José I, Maria became his heiress presumptive and was given the traditional titles of Princess of Brazil and Duchess of Braganza. She was also an Infanta of Portugal from birth and thus entitled to the style of Royal Highness. She grew up during the dominating Marquis of Pombal

## Marriage

In 1760 Maria married her uncle Pedro, younger brother of her father Jose I. They had six children, of whom the eldest surviving son succeeded Maria as João VI on her death in 1816.

### Titles and Styles

- **17 December 1734 – 31 July 1750** _Her Royal Highness_ The Princess of Beira, Duchess of Barcelos
- **31 July 1750 – 24 February 1777** _Her Royal Highness_ The Princess of Brazil, Duchess of Braganza
- **24 February 1777 – 16 December 1815** _Her Most Faithful Majesty_ The Queen of Portugal and the Algarves
- **16 December 1815 – 20 March 1816** _Her Most Faithful Majesty_ The Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Maria I
- **full name**: Maria Francisca Isabel Josefa Antónia Gertrudes Rita Joana de Bragança
- **succession**: Queen of Portugal and the Algarves _later_
Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves
- **image**: Rainha D. Maria I, séc. XVIII.jpg
- **caption**: _D. Maria I_ by Miguel António do Amaral, 1777
- **reign**: 24 February 1777 – 20 March 1816
- **predecessor**: Joseph I of Portugal, Joseph I
- **successor**: John VI of Portugal, John VI
- **regent**: João, Prince Regent _(1792–1816)_
- **spouse**: Peter III of Portugal
- **issue**: José, Prince of Brazil
 John VI of Portugal
Infanta Mariana Victoria
- **issue-link**: #Marriage and Issue
- **issue-pipe**: details...
- **house**: House of Braganza
- **father**: Joseph I of Portugal
- **mother**: Mariana Victoria of Spain
- **birth place**: Ribeira Palace, Lisbon Kingdom of Portugal
- **death place**: Rio de Janeiro, Kingdom of Brazil
- **burial place**: Estrela Basilica, Lisbon, Portugal
- **religion**: Roman Catholic
Gabriela Isler

**Maria Gabriela Isler** (born 21 March 1988 in Valencia, Carabobo) is a Venezuelan beauty queen. On 9 November 2013, she was crowned Miss Universe 2013 in Moscow, Russia.
Eugène Ionesco

**Eugène Ionesco** (26 November 1909 – 28 March 1994) was a Romanian playwright. He wrote in French. He was born in Slatina, Romania. He was one of the most important people in French avant-garde theatre. His best-known play is _La Cantatrice Chauve_ (_The Bald Soprano_). It has often been acted on stage and has been on TV.

On April 30, 1973, Ionesco received the Jerusalem Prize, In 1974 he was given an honorary doctorate degree by the University of Warwick in Coventry, England. A year later he received a second honorary doctorate from the University of Tel Aviv. He died at age 84 on 28 March 1994. He is buried in the Cimetière du Montparnasse in Paris.

Many books have been written about Ionesco.
Borhyaena

***Borhyaena*** is an extinct genus of metatherians. It lived in South America between 20 and 15 million years ago.

It was a predator whose lifestyle must have been rather similar to that of a hyaena. It lived between 17.5 and 15.5 million years ago in Patagonia. Two species have been found.
Blight

**Blight** refers to way plants wither when infected. It is usually caused by fungi, or viruses, or sometimes by bacteria.

Blight is a rapid and complete chlorosis, browning, then death of plant tissues such as leaves, branches, twigs, or flowers. Various diseases which cause the symptom are known as **blights**. Several notable examples are:

- Late blight of potato, caused by the water mould _Phytophthora infestans_, the disease which led to the Irish potato famine
- Southern corn leaf blight, caused by the fungus _Cochliobolus heterostrophus_. This caused a severe loss of corn in the United States in 1970.
- Chestnut blight, caused by the fungus _Cryphonectria parasitica_ has nearly eradicated mature American chestnuts in North America.
- Bacterial leaf blight of rice is caused by the bacterium _Xanthomonas oryzae_.
- Early blight of potato and tomato, caused by species of the common fungal genus _Alternaria_.
- Leaf blight of grasses. On leaf tissue, symptoms of **blight** are the initial appearance of lesions which rapidly engulf surrounding tissue.
Frankie Kao

**Kao Ling-feng** or **Kao Ling-feng** (; 28 February 1950 – 17 February 2014) was a Taiwanese singer. He was best known for the song "Flaming Phoenix" (火鳳凰). His birth name was 葛元誠 (_Gé Yuánchéng_). He used the nickname **The Frog Prince** (青蛙王子 _Qīngwā Wángzi_) for more than three decades. The name was given to him by his close friend, comedian Ni Min-jan.

During the height of his career, Frankie Kao received NT$240,000 cash per night for appearances. He stopped singing at his peak and went into business. His business venture went badly and he returned to his entertainment career.

Kao died on 17 February 2014 in Xindian District, New Taipei City. He was 63.

## Filmography

- _Au Revoir Taipei_ (2010)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kao Ling-feng (高凌风, _Gāo Língfēng_)
- **image**: Frankie Gao.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: 葛元诚 (_Gé Yuánchéng_)
- **alias**: The Frog Prince
- **birth place**: Kaoshiung, Taiwan
- **death place**: Xindian District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- **origin**: New Taipei City, Republic of China
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1974–2014
American lion

The **American lion** (_Panthera leo_ or _P. atrox_) is also known as  **Naegele’s giant jaguar** or **American cave lion**. It is an extinct species of lion which lived in North America during the Pleistocene (340,000 years ago to 11,000 years ago). It existed for about 330,000 thousand years.

The American lion belonged to the family Felidae. By analysing the species' genes, scientists have shown that it shared the same ancestor as the Eurasian cave lion (_Panthera leo spelaea_ or _P. spelaea_). Most remains have come from the La Brea tar pits.

The American lion was large, slightly larger than the early middle Pleistocene cave lion, _P. leo fossilis_ and about 40% larger than the modern African lion. There is no evidence that it was a social hunter like the modern lion, and that may explain its size.
_Panthera leo atrox_ hunted large mammals such as horses, camels, bison and mammoth.
Tennessee State University

**Tennessee State University** is a university in Nashville, Tennessee. It is a historically black university, which means that it was founded to educate African American students.

The university opened in 1909. Its name, "Tennessee State University" was first used in 1968.
Boston University

**Boston University** (also called **Boston U** or **BU**) is a private university in Boston, Massachusetts. The university has more than 3,800 faculty members and 33,000 students, BU is one of Boston's largest employers. It offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctorates, and medical, dental, business, and law degrees. Boston University has eighteen schools and colleges on two urban campuses. Boston University traces its roots to the Newbury Biblical Institute in Newbury, Vermont. It was started in 1839. In 1869 the school moved to Boston under the name "Boston University".
Fayetteville State University

**Fayetteville State University** is a historically black university in Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States. It is part of the University of North Carolina System.

This school began in 1867. The name "Fayetteville State University" was first used in 1969.
Fayetteville, North Carolina

**Fayetteville** is a large city in southeast North Carolina. In 2020, 208,501 people lived there. It has grown a lot in the past few decades.

The city was settled around 1762.

Fort Bragg is an army base north of Fayetteville. It provides over 15,000 jobs to people in Fayetteville.

Fayetteville State University, Carolina College of Biblical Studies, and Methodist University are in Fayetteville.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Fayetteville
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Fayetteville, NC Downtown Skyline.jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Fayetteville
- **named for**: Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
- **image map**: Cumberland County North Carolina incorporated and unincorporated areas Fayetteville highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Cumberland County, North Carolina, Cumberland County and North Carolina
- **pushpin map**: North Carolina#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin label**: Fayetteville
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: North Carolina
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in North Carolina, County
- **subdivision name2**: Cumberland County, North Carolina, Cumberland
- **leader title**: Mayor of Fayetteville, North Carolina, Mayor
- **leader title1**: City Manager
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1783
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **total type**: Total
- **area total km2**: 388.71
- **area land km2**: 383.99
- **area water km2**: 4.73
- **area total sq mi**: 150.08
- **area land sq mi**: 148.26
- **area water sq mi**: 1.82
- **area water percent**: 1.21
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population rank**: List of United States cities by population, 110th In the United States
 List of municipalities in North Carolina, 6th in North Carolina
- **population total**: 208501
- **population metro**: 520,378 (US: Metropolitan statistical area, 108th)
- **population blank1 title**: Combined statistical area, CSA
- **population density km2**: 542.99
- **population density sq mi**: 1406.34
- **population urban**: 325008 (US: List of United States urban areas, 125th)
- **population density urban km2**: 640.5
- **population density urban sq mi**: 1658.8
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 223
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 28301–28314
- **area codes**: Area codes 910 and 472, 910, 472
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 37-22920
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2403604
- **blank2 name**: Primary Airport
- **blank2 info**: Fayetteville Regional Airport
- **government type**: Council–manager government, Council-Manager
- **nickname**: America's Can Do City, All-American City, City of Dogwoods, Fayettenam, The Ville, 2-6, The Soldier City
Jimmy Murakami

**Teruaki "Jimmy" Murakami**, (村上輝明　_Murakami Teruaki_, June 5, 1933 – February 16, 2014) was a Japanese American animator and director. He is best-known for the animated adaptations of the Raymond Briggs books _When the Wind Blows_ and _The Snowman_. He formed Murakami-Wolf Films with Fred Wolf.

He died in 2014, aged 80.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jimmy Murakami
- **image**: Jimmy Murakami, 1970 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: in _Richthofen & Brown_, Ireland, 1970
- **birth place**: San Jose, California, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **occupation**: Animator, Designer, Artist, animation director, Director
- **birth name**: Teruaki Murakami
- **known for**: Founder of Fred Wolf Films Dublin
- **spouse**: Ethna Murakami
Anthony Davis

**Anthony Davis, Jr.** (born March 11, 1993) is an American professional basketball player. He plays for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He has also played for the New Orleans Hornets / Pelicans and Los Angeles Lakers. He plays power forward and center.

On February 2, 2025, the Lakers traded Davis along with Max Christie and a 2029 first-round pick to the Dallas Mavericks in exchange for Luka Dončić, Maxi Kleber and Markieff Morris. Jalen Hood-Schifino and a 2025 second-round pick were also traded to the Utah Jazz. The Jazz also received a 2025 second-round pick from the Mavericks. It is considered to be one of the most unexpected trades in NBA history.

Davis was born on March 11, 1993 in Chicago, Illinois.

## Other websites

- Kentucky Bio
- stats at NBA.com
- stats  at Basketball-reference.com
- Davis at ESPN
- Davis  at _Chicago Tribune_

## Infobox (nba biography)

- **name**: Anthony Davis
- **image**: Anthony Davis pre-game (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Davis during his time with the Los Angeles Lakers in 2022
- **position**: Power forward (basketball), Power forward / Center (basketball), Center
- **height**: 208 cm
- **weight**: 115 kg
- **league**: National Basketball Association, NBA
- **team**: Dallas Mavericks
- **number**: 3
- **nationality**: American
- **birth place**: Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- **high school**: Perspectives Charter Schools, Perspectives Charter
(Chicago, Illinois)
- **college**: Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball, Kentucky (2011–2012)
- **draft year**: 2012
- **draft round**: 1
- **draft pick**: 1
- **draft team**: New Orleans Hornets
- **career start**: 2012
- **years1**: –
- **team1**: New Orleans Pelicans, New Orleans Hornets / Pelicans
- **years2**: ––
- **team2**: Los Angeles Lakers
- **years3**: –present
- **team3**: Dallas Mavericks
- **highlights**: * 6× List of NBA All-Stars, NBA All-Star (–)
* NBA All-Star Game MVP ()
* 3× All-NBA First Team (, , )
* NBA All-Defensive First Team ()
* 2× NBA All-Defensive Second Team (, )
* 3× List of National Basketball Association annual blocks leaders, NBA blocks leader (, , )
* NBA All-Rookie First Team ()
* List of NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Champions, NCAA champion (2012 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, 2012)
* NCAA Final Four Most Outstanding Player (2012 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, 2012)
* List of U.S. men's college basketball national player of the year awards, Consensus national player of the year (2011–12 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, 2012)
* Consensus first-team NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans, All-American (2012 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans, 2012)
* NABC Defensive Player of the Year (2012)
* USBWA National Freshman of the Year (2012)
* Southeastern Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year, SEC Player of the Year (2012)
* Southeastern Conference, SEC Defensive Player of the Year (2012)
* Jordan Brand Classic co-MVP (2011)
- **profile**: anthony_davis
- **bbr**: davisan02
Shaun White

**Shaun Roger White** (born September 3, 1986 in San Diego, California, United States.) is an American professional snowboarder and skateboarder. He is a three-time Olympic gold medalist. He holds the X Games records for gold medals and highest overall medal count. He has also won 10 ESPY Awards.  White has also competed at the X Games as a skateboarder. He holds the world record for the most Olympic gold medals in halfpipe snowboarding with three.

White was born in San Diego, California on September 3, 1986. His ancestry includes Irish and Italian. He began snowboarding at 5 years old at Big Bear Mountain Resort in the San Bernadino Mountains of California.

After his retirement from snowboarding, White became a television broadcaster for the Olympics.

## Other websites

- Official Site of Shaun White
- Shaun White's U.S. Olympic Team bio
- AP Winter Games Athlete Profile: Shaun White
- Shaun White Project X Private Halfpipe Video
- Snowboardermag.com — interviews and videos
- Shaun White Interview: _Pop Magazine_

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Shaun White
- **image**: Shaun White 2008.jpg
- **birth place**: San Diego, California, USA
- **height**: 173 cm
- **weight**: 70 kg
- **country**: United States
- **sport**: Snowboarding
- **event**: Halfpipe
- **show-medals**: yes
Shaw Taylor

**Shaw Taylor** MBE (26 October 1924 – 17 March 2015) was a British actor and television presenter. He had many acting roles in movie and television since the 1950s. He presented many game shows including _Password_, _Tell the Truth_, _Dotto_, _This Is Your Chance_ and _The Law Game_ (BBC Radio 2).

Taylor died at his Totland, Isle of Wight home, aged 90.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Shaw Taylor
- **birth place**: Hackney, London, England
- **death date**: 17 March 2015 (aged 90)
- **death place**: Totland, Isle of Wight, England
- **years active**: 1950-2015
- **occupation**: Actor, television presenter
Haigazian University

**Haigazian University** (; ) is a university in Beirut, Lebanon. It opened in 1955. It offers Bachelor's degrees in the Arts and Sciences, Business Administration and Economics. It also offers Master's degrees in the Arts, Sciences and Business Administration.

The university is supported by the Armenian Evangelical Church. It was opened for the Armenian community in Lebanon. However, it is open to students of all nationalities.

## Other websites

- Haigazian University website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Haigazian University
جامعة هايكازيان
 Հայկազեան Համալսարան
- **image**: Beirut Universitet Haigazian.jpg
- **caption**: City campus
- **motto**: _Truth freedom service._
- **established**: 1955
- **type**: Private university, Private
- **president**: Rev. Paul Haidostian, Ph.D.
- **city**: Beirut
- **country**: Lebanon
- **staff**: –
- **campus**: urban area, Urban
- **website**: [http://www.haigazian.edu.lb www.haigazian.edu.lb]
Lucía Topolansky

**Lucía Topolansky Saavedra** (born September 25, 1944) is a Uruguayan senator. She is the widow of Uruguay's President José Mujica. She was the Vice President of Uruguay from September 2017 to March 2020, after Raúl Fernando Sendic's resignation.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Her Excellency
- **name**: Lucía Topolansky
- **image name**: Lucía Topolansky (cropped).png
- **caption**: Lucía Topolansky in 2014
- **order**: 17th
- **office**: Vice President of Uruguay
- **term start**: 13 September 2017
- **term end**: 1 March 2020
- **president**: Tabaré Vázquez
- **predecessor**: Raúl Fernando Sendic Rodríguez, Raúl Sendic
- **successor**: Beatriz Argimón
- **office1**: First Lady of Uruguay
- **term label1**: In role
- **term start1**: 1 March 2010
- **term end1**: 1 March 2015
- **president1**: José Mujica
- **predecessor1**: María Auxiliadora Delgado
- **successor1**: María Auxiliadora Delgado
- **office2**: Senate of Uruguay, Senator of Uruguay
- **term start2**: 15 February 2005
- **term end2**: 12 September 2017
- **office3**: Chamber of Representatives of Uruguay, Representative of Uruguay
- **term start3**: 15 February 2000
- **term end3**: 14 February 2005
- **constituency3**: Montevideo
- **birth name**: Lucía Topolansky Saavedra
- **birth place**: Montevideo, Uruguay
- **party**: Movement of Popular Participation
- **otherparty**: Broad Front (Uruguay), Broad Front
- **parents**: Luis Topolansky
María Elia Saavedra
Hurricane Manuel

**Hurricane Manuel** (pronounced ) was a tropical cyclone in 2013. It crossed western Mexico between September 13 and 19, 2013 at the same time that Hurricane Ingrid was coming to Mexico from the other side.

Damage from Manuel totaled $4.2 billion (2013 USD). About 169 people died.

## References

hola soy JMST jajajajajajaja

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Manuel
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 2013
- **basin**: EPac
- **image location**: Manuel Sept 18 2013 1800Z.jpg
- **image name**: Tropical Storm Manuel near hurricane strength on September 18
- **formed**: September 13, 2013
- **dissipated**: September 19, 2013
- **1-min winds**: 65
- **pressure**: 983
- **damages**: 4200
- **damagespost**: Costliest Pacific hurricane on record
- **fatalities**: 123 total
- **areas**: Oaxaca, Guerrero, Michoacán, Colima, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Texas
- **hurricane season**: 2013 Pacific hurricane season
Christopher Malcolm

**Christopher** "**Chris**" **Malcolm** (19 August 1946 – 15 February 2014) was a Scottish actor, director and producer. He began his career in 1968. He had many different roles in movies, television shows, and musical theatre such as _The Empire Strikes Back_, _Absolutely Fabulous_ and _The Rocky Horror Show_.

He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland. He was brought up in Canada after his family emigrated to Vernon, British Columbia in the late 1940s.

Malcolm died from cancer on 15 February 2014, aged 67, in London, England. He was outlived by his wife, actress Judy Lloyd, and their three children. His death was reported by his daughter, Morgan.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Christopher Malcolm
- **birth place**: Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom, UK
- **death place**: London, England, UK
- **other names**: Chris Malcolm
- **alma mater**: University of British Columbia
- **occupation**: Actor, director, producer
- **spouse**: Judy Lloyd
- **children**: 3
- **website**: http://www.christophermalcolm.co.uk/
- **years active**: 1968–2007
North–South express railway

The **North–South Express Railway** () is a proposed high-speed railway in Vietnam. It would start in Hanoi and end in Ho Chi Minh City. It is proposed to have a length of .
Subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine

Mandatory Palestine had 18 districts. Two of them existed only until 1945.
- Acre
- Baisan
- Beersheba
- Bethlehem
- Gaza
- Haifa
- Hebron
- Jaffa
- Jenin
- Jericho
- Jerusalem
- Nablus
- Nazareth
- Ramallah
- Ramle
- Safad
- Tiberias
- Tulkarem
Dara Howell

**Dara Howell** (born August 23, 1994 in Huntsville, Ontario) is a Canadian freestyle skier. She skied for Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and became the first freestyle skier to win a gold medal in slopestyle at the inaugural event. She has also competed in women's slopestyle at the Winter X Games XVII in Aspen, Colorado where she won a bronze medal.

Howell dedicated her win to Sarah Burke and said: "Oh, my God. I don't know what to say. I can't believe it. It is so surreal and I am so happy to win a gold medal for Canada. I don't think it will hit me until later. It is truly amazing. There are a number of really good girls out there and I came out on top. This is the best moment in my entire life...I said it earlier this week, I hope a Canadian brings home a gold medal for Sarah. I can't believe it's me. It's totally for Sarah and I cannot believe it."

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Dara Howell
- **image**: FINAL SELECT-17.jpg
- **caption**: Dara Howell at a photoshoot in 2019
- **image size**: 220px
- **birth place**: Ontario, Canada
- **height**: 5 ft 10 in
Tarsal formula

The **tarsal formula** is the number of segments on the tarsi of arthropods. The tarsus is the bottom part of an arthropod's legs, see diagram.

The formula has 3 numbers a-b-c, starting with the front leg (a), then the middle leg (b), then the hind leg (c). For example, a tarsal formula of "5-5-4" means there are 5 segments in the fore leg's tarsi, 5 segments in the middle leg's tarsi, and 4 segments in the hind leg's tarsi. This character is especially useful at family rank and higher.

The characteristic is useful when identifying insects.
Leaf beetle

**Leaf beetles** are the family **Chrysomelidae**. There are over 35,000 species in more than 2,500 genera, so it is one of the largest and most common of all beetle families. Many subfamilies are recognized.

Leaf beetles have a tarsal formula which appears to be 4-4-4, but is actually 5-5-5. Some are difficult to tell from long-horned beetles (family Cerambycidae): it is done by the antennae _not_ arising from frontal tubercles.

Adult and larval leaf beetles feed on all sorts of plant tissue. Their diversity has run parallel with that of the Angiosperms. Many are serious pests of cultivated plants, for example the Colorado potato beetle (_Leptinotarsa decemlineata_), the asparagus beetle (_Crioceris asparagi_), the cereal leaf beetle (_Oulema melanopus_), and various flea beetles. A few act as vectors of plant diseases. Others can be used as biocontrol of invasive weeds. Most Chrysomelidae are conspicuously coloured, often in glossy yellow to red or metallic blue-green hues. Some (especially Cassidinae) have spectacularly bizarre shapes. They are highly popular among insect collectors.

## Classification

Selection of notable sub-families:
- **Subfamily** Bruchinae – includes the bean weevils or seed beetles. They feed on seeds, some even on toxic seeds.
- **Subfamily** Cassidinae – includes the tortoise beetles and prickly leaf beetles. A recent offshoot of the Hispanae.
- **Subfamily** Chrysomelinae – includes the broad-bodied leaf beetles. "They defend themselves with a pot-pourri of toxins".
- **Subfamily** Criocerinae – includes the asparagus beetles and lily beetles
- **Subfamily** Cryptocephalinae – includes  cylindrical leaf beetles and warty leaf beetle. "The larvae eat dead leaves and carry a protective case made of faecal and debris particles".
- **Subfamily** Donaciinae – includes the longhorned leaf beetles
- **Subfamily** Eumolpinae – includes the oval leaf beetles
- **Subfamily** Galerucinae – includes the flea beetles. The former subfamily Altricinae is included.
- **Subfamily** Hispanae – many are leaf miners.
- **Subfamily** Sagrinae – frog-legged beetles or kangaroo beetles, diverse in Australia. "They have spiny hind legs built like nutcrackers that grasp and impale attackers".

## Phylogeny

Records from the Cretaceous period are scarce: only three records are known. An early Cretaceous origin from a more general form is suggested by Grimaldi and Engel. Then came an Upper Cretaceous divergence of Chrysolmelid sub-groups, and adaptive radiation connected to that of the flowering plants.
Sotkamo

**Sotkamo** is a municipality in the region of Kainuu, Finland. In January 2014, it had a population of over 10,650. It covers an area of .

Neighbouring municipalities are Kajaani, Kuhmo, Nurmes, Paltamo, Rautavaara, Ristijärvi, Sonkajärvi and Valtimo.

Hiidenportti National Park is in Sotkamo.

Economy: There is some mining; Talc is a product after refined of ore.

## Other websites

- The official Sotkamo page
Nurmes

**Nurmes** is a city in North Karelia, Finland. As of January 2014, almost 8,200 people lived there. Nearby municipalities are Juuka, Kuhmo, Lieksa, Rautavaara, Sotkamo and Valtimo. Since 2020, Valtimo was merged with the town of Nurmes.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Page of villages in Nurmes