juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 7

***America's Next Top Model, Cycle 7*** was the seventh season of the reality television series _America's Next Top Model_. It started airing on 20 September 2006. It was the first season to be shown on The CW network.

## Contestants

(_ages stated are at time of contest_)

|Contestant|Age|Hometown|Outcome|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Christian Evans|19|Columbia, South Carolina|Eliminated in Episode 2|
|Megan Morris|23|San Francisco, California|Eliminated in Episode 3|
|Monique Calhoun|19|Chicago, Illinois|Eliminated in Episode 4|
|Megan "Megg" Morales|18|Los Angeles, California|Eliminated in Episode 5|
|Alexandra Jayne "A.J." Stewart|20|Sacramento, California|Eliminated in Episode 6|
|Brooke Miller|18|Keller, Texas|Eliminated in Episode 7|
|Anchal Joseph|19|Homestead, Florida|Eliminated in Episode 9|
|Jaeda Young|18|Parkersburg, Iowa|Eliminated in Episode 10|
|Michelle Babin|18|Anaheim, California|Eliminated in Episode 11|
|Amanda Babin|18|Anaheim, California|Eliminated in Episode 12|
|Eugena Washington|21|Palmdale, California|Eliminated in Episode 13|
|Melissa Rose "Melrose" Bickerstaff|23|San Francisco, California|Runner-up|
|CariDee English|21|Fargo, North Dakota|**Winner**|

Amanda and Michelle Babin are identical twins, however they were judged individually.

## Episode Summary

1. _casting episode_

2.
- Best: Michelle Babin
- Worst: Melrose Bickerstaff & Christian Evans
- Eliminated: Christian Evans
3.
- Best: Melrose Bickerstaff
- Worst: Jaeda Young & Megan Morris
- Eliminated: Megan Morris
4.
- Best: A.J. Stewart
- Worst: Eugena Washington & Monique Calhoun
- Eliminated: Monique Calhoun
5.
- Best: CariDee English
- Worst: Jaeda Young & Megg Morales
- Eliminated: Megg Morales
6.
- Best: Brooke Miller
- Worst: Jaeda Young & A.J. Stewart
- Eliminated: A.J. Stewart
7.
- Best: Amanda Babin
- Worst: Eugena Washington & Brooke Miller
- Eliminated: Brooke Miller
8.
- Best: CariDee English
- Worst: Michelle Babin & Anchal Joseph
- Eliminated: Anchal Joseph
9.
- Best: Melrose Bickerstaff
- Worst: CariDee English & Jaeda Young
- Eliminated: Jaeda Young
10.
- Best: Eugena Washington
- Worst: Amanda Babin & Michelle Babin
- Eliminated: Michelle Babin
11.
- Best: Melrose Bickerstaff
- Worst: CariDee English & Amanda Babin
- Eliminated: Amanda Babin
12.
- Best: CariDee English
- Worst: Melrose Bickerstaff & Eugena Washington
- Eliminated: Eugena Washington

- Final Two: CariDee English & Melrose Bickerstaff
- Winner: CariDee English
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor

A **dopamine reuptake inhibitor** (DRI) is a drug. Dopamine is a type of brain chemical called a neurotransmitter. Dopamine has many jobs and responsibilities in the brain. Scientists think dopamine controls movement and the human sense of punishment and reward. Dopamine affects dreams, motivation, and sexual gratification, too.

A lack of dopamine is responsible for many diseases and conditions. Sometimes dopamine does not work correctly in the brain. Sometimes the brain does not have enough dopamine. Doctors prescribe dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRI's or DARI's) to help control symptoms. Psychostimulants and antidepressants are types of DRI's. DRI's help manage symptoms of ADHD, narcolepsy, Parkinson's Disease, obesity, substance abuse withdrawal and some mood disorders. Users can become addicted to DRI's sometimes.

DRI's do not have dopamine inside the pills. They help the body make more dopamine, and they change the way dopamine is re-used in the brain.
Millettia laurentii

***Millettia laurentii*** is a legume tree that is native to central Africa. The species is listed as endangered in the IUCN Red List, mostly because people are destroying its habitat and over harvesting the tree for timber. The wood that comes from the tree is called _wenge_. It is a dark-coloured hardwood.

## Infobox (color)

- **title**: Wenge
- **textcolor**: white
- **hex**: 645452
- **r**: 100
- **g**: 84
- **b**: 82
- **c**: 0.00
- **m**: 0.16
- **y**: 0.18
- **k**: 0.61
- **h**: 7
- **s**: 18
- **v**: 39
- **source**: [http://www.99colors.net/name/wenge]
Commodore BASIC

**Commodore BASIC** is also known as **PET BASIC**. It is a BASIC programming language. It was used in Commodore International's 8-bit home computers. It started with the PET computer in 1977. The last computer to use Commodore BASIC was Commodore 128 of 1985. The core was based on 6502 Microsoft BASIC. It shares many characteristics with other 6502 BASICs like Applesoft BASIC.

Commodore licensed BASIC from Microsoft on a "pay once with no royalties" basis after Jack Tramiel turned down Bill Gates' offer of a $3 per unit fee stating "I'm already married", and would pay no more than $25,000 for a perpetual license.
Gauss (unit)

The **gauss** (symbol **G**) is the CGS unit used to measure magnetic fields. One gauss is defined as one maxwell per square centimeter. The tesla (symbol T) is the SI derived unit used to measure the strength of magnetic fields. There are 10,000 (10<sup>4</sup>) gauss in one tesla.

The unit is named in honor of the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss.

## Example values

- **10<sup>−9</sup>–10<sup>−8</sup> gauss** – the magnetic field of the human brain
- **0.31–0.58 gauss** – the Earth's magnetic field at its surface
- **25 gauss** – the Earth's magnetic field in its core
- **50 gauss** – a typical refrigerator magnet
- **100 gauss** – a small iron magnet
- **600-70,000 gauss** – a medical magnetic resonance imaging machine
- **10<sup>12</sup>–10<sup>13</sup> gauss** – the magnetic field on the surface of a neutron star
- **4×10<sup>13</sup> gauss** – the quantum electrodynamic threshold
- **10<sup>15</sup> gauss** – the magnetic field of some newly created magnetars
- **10<sup>17</sup> gauss** – the upper limit to neutron star magnetism; no known object in the universe can generate a stronger magnetic field
Loppers

**Loppers** are a long-handled cutting tool.  It has two handles, one connected to a blade and the other to a blunt surface that holds the object being cut.  Like the word _scissors_, is always used as a plural (one pair of loppers is shown in this image).

It is used for cutting thick plants, even saplings (young trees) or branches that are less than an inch (2.5 cm) thick (about as thick as a person's thumb).  It is used in gardening, tree care, and prairie restoration.  It can cut things that are too big for gardening clippers or pruners. If the branch or tree is too big for loppers, then a saw is needed.
Tiny Toon Adventures

***Tiny Toon Adventures***, also known as ***Steven Spielberg Presents Tiny Toon Adventures***, is an American animated comedy sitcom adventure television series. It aired from September 14, 1990 to December 25, 1992. It follows a group of young cartoon characters who attend Acme Looniversity in the town of Acme Acres to become the next generation of _Looney Tunes_ characters.

## Characters

- **Buster Bunny:** (voiced by Charlie Adler) A blue male rabbit based on Bugs Bunny.
- **Babs Bunny:** (voiced by Tress MacNeille) A pink female rabbit based on Bugs too.
- **Plucky Duck:** (voiced by Joe Alaskey), A green male duck based on Daffy Duck.
- **Hamton J. Pig:** (voiced by Don Messick), A pink male pig based on Porky Pig.
- **Fifi La Fume:** (voiced by Kath Soucie), A purple-and-white female skunk based on Pepé Le Pew who speaks with a French accent.
- **Shirley McLoon:** (voiced by Gail Matthius), A white female loon based on Shirley MacLaine and Melissa Duck.
- **Dizzy Devil:** (voiced by Frank Welker), A purple Tazmanian devil based on Taz.
- **Furrball:** (voiced by Frank Welker), A blue cat based on Sylvester the Cat.
- **Sweetie Bird:** (voiced by Candi Milo),  A pink canary bird based on Tweety.
- **Calamity Coyote:** (voiced by Frank Welker), A gray coyote based on Wile E. Coyote.
- **Elmyra Duff:** (voiced by Cree Summer) A redheaded girl based on Elmer Fudd who wears a blue blouse, a white skirt, black shoes, and a blue bow with a skull at the center. She is the show's female villain. She cares for animals in selfish ways.
- **Montana Max:** (voiced by Danny Cooksey), A young, brown-haired boy based on Yosemite Sam. He is loud, has a bad temper, and loves money. He is the show's male villain.
- **Gogo Dodo:** (voiced by Frank Welker),  A green male dodo based on Yoyo Dodo.
- **Little Beeper:** (voiced by Frank Welker) A red and orange feathered roadrunner.

## Other websites

- ''Tiny Toon Adventures at the Internet Movie Database
- Tiny Toon Wiki

## Infobox (television)

- **creator**: Tom Ruegger
- **alt name**: _Steven Spielberg Presents Tiny Toon Adventures_
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **theme music composer**: Bruce Broughton
- **open theme**: "Tiny Toon Adventures Theme" by Charlie Adler, Tress MacNeille & Joe Alaskey
- **producer**: Sherri Stoner
- **executive producer**: Steven Spielberg
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **network**: CBS
- **network2**: First-run syndication
- **network3**: Fox Kids
- **num seasons**: 3
- **list episodes**: List of Tiny Toon Adventures episodes
- **num episodes**: 98 (233 segments)
Pruners

**Pruners** are a cutting tool for **pruning** plants. A common form is held in one hand; it is also called _snippers_ or _secateurs_.  It has two handles, one connected to a blade and the other to a blunt surface.  Like the word _scissors_, _pruners_ is used as a plural.

A **pole pruner** is like a pair of pruners, but at the end of a pole. It is operated by pulling on a rope.

Pruners are used for cutting plants and small branches, such as roses and grapevines. Stems thicker than a pencil will need to be cut with loppers or a saw instead.
Mount Morris

**Mount Morris** is a mountain in the far north of South Australia. It is about  high, and is the second-highest peak in South Australia after nearby Mount Woodroffe (1,435 m). Both are in the Musgrave Ranges, near the border with the Northern Territory. The rock is mostly made up of granite.

Mount Morris is located about  west of the community of Amaṯa. It was given its name by the explorer William Gosse, who first saw it in July 1873.
Mount Crombie

**Mount Crombie** () is a mountain in the northwest of South Australia. It is a  outcrop of granitic rock. It is located about  south of Amaṯa. The mountain is part of the traditional country of the Pitjantjatjara people, and there are several examples of rock art in the area.

The last recorded specimen of the lesser stick-nest rat, which used to be found throughout central Australia, was captured here in 1933.
Mount Kintore

**Mount Kintore** is an inselberg in northwest South Australia. It is about  above sea level. It is located about halfway between the remote communities of Amaṯa and Watarru. The mountain is made up mostly of metamorphic beds of gneisses and quartzite, which are split with diorite dykes. The beds have been thrown into a series of simple folds. These can be clearly seen on the northern face of the mountain. The rock has been weathered into ridges, and heavy erosion can be seen along the folds. At the western end of the mountain, the gneiss is replaced by granite.

Mount Kintore is part of the traditional country of the Pitjantjatjara people. An important rock hole is located about  to the west, called Kunamata.
Prairie restoration

**Prairie restoration** is a type of habitat conservation, for prairies and habitats that lived alongside prairies.  It is the act of restoring land that was once native prairie to how it once was.  In North America this is usually defined as _pre-settlement_, meaning before Europeans arrived.  Much of this land is good for farming and has been plowed for planting crops or turned into pastures.  In Illinois, there was once 22 million acres (9 million hectares), now there are less than 2300 acres (920 hectares) of high-quality original prairie remaining.

## Invasive plants and trees

Invasive species are a big problem with prairies.  Since fires cannot burn freely, many new species are taking over, and preventing sunlight from reaching shorter plants.  In the United States, European buckthorn is a common problem.  Garlic mustard is another.  Often areas that once held a hundred different species of plants now only has three or four species.

## Restoration techniques

- Controlled burns
- Weeding
- Brush cutting
- Seed collecting
- Sowing
Mount Sir Thomas

**Mount Sir Thomas** is a mountain in northwest South Australia. It in the Watarru Indigenous Protected Area, about  southwest of Watarru. It is in the Birksgate Range, which is part of the traditional country of the Pitjantjatjara people. An important rock hole is located near the base of the mountain, called  (sometimes written ), meaning "Emu Water". It is a major sacred site for the  (Emu Dreaming).

The mountain was given the name "Sir Thomas" by a team of European explorers in 1891. They were on the Elder Scientific Exploring Expedition, which travelled across the Great Victoria Desert between April 1891 and March 1892. The mountain was named after Sir Thomas Elder, the philanthropist who funded and equipped the expedition. The surrounding range is named after Elder's home in Adelaide, a large house called "Birksgate". Mount Lindsay, to the northeast, was named after the leader of the expedition, David Lindsay.
History of salvation

**Salvation history**, especially in the context of Christian theology, is an approach to understand events as part of the working of God's will to save humans.

These events begin with the Fall of Man at the beginning of history (Book of Genesis) and include the covenants between God and Noah, Abraham, and Moses, the establishment of King David's dynasty etc.

These and others are seen as necessary preparations for the salvation (Christianity) of all by Christ's crucifixion and resurrection.

## Related pages

- Resurrection
- Judgment
- Eschatology
- Apocalypse
- Salvation (Christianity)
- Soteriology
Thomas Elder

Sir **Thomas Elder** (August 5, 1817—March 6, 1897) was a Scottish businessman who moved to South Australia and set up the largest wool selling company in the world.

Elder came to South Australia in 1854. He worked with his brother George, and then became a business partners with Edward Stirling, Robert Barr Smith and John Taylor. They spent money setting up the copper mines at Moonta and Wallaroo which made them all very rich. When Stirling and Taylor retired, Elder and Smith became Elder Smith and Company. This company became the biggest wool selling company in the world.

Elder spent money buying large properties for sheep in outback South Australia, Queensland and Western Australia. Some of these included Paratoo, Umberatana, Mount Lyndhurst, Blanchewater and Beltana. He had ridden camels while on holiday in Palestine, and thought they would be good for use in the Australian deserts. He brought 124 camels and Afghan people to breed camels at Beltana. These were used for the building of the Australian Overland Telegraph. Elder provided money and camels for exploration by Peter Egerton Warburton (1872-73), Ernest Giles (1875), John Ross (1874), Lewis (1875), and the Royal Geographical Society of South Australia (1891).

He became a member of the South Australian Parliament Legislative Council in 1863-69 and 1871-78. He became interested in horse racing and set up stables at Morphetville. He built a grand Scottish style house at Mount Lofty, which was where he died in 1897.

He was a very rich man, and gave money to many organizations in South Australia. This included £26,000 for the University of Adelaide, £20,000 for mathematics and general science, £31,000 to the Medical School, and £21,000 to the School of Music. In his will he gave £10,000 to the Presbyterian Church, £4000 for the Church of England cathedral, £4000 for the Methodist Prince Alfred College, £25,000 to set up a Working Men's Home, and £16,000 to the hospital.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Thomas Elder
- **image**: Thomas Elder 2.jpeg
- **caption**: Thomas Elder in 1887
- **birth date**: August 5, 1817
- **birth place**: Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland
- **death place**: Mount Lofty, South Australia, Australia
Watarru Indigenous Protected Area

The **Watarru Indigenous Protected Area** is an area of 1.2 million hectares in the north west corner of South Australia. It is in the Great Victoria Desert. It is the traditional land of the Pitjantjatjara, Ngaanyatjarra, and Yankunytjatjara peoples. These people are known as Anangu.

The area was made an Indigenous Protected Area in June 2000. It is managed by the Anangu according to their traditional laws and practices known as Tjukurpa. The environment has not been damaged by cattle grazing or other farming practices. The Anangu are working with scientists to develop ways of dealing with feral animals including cats, foxes, and camels.

## Other websites

- Profile  on the _Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements Project_

## Infobox (protected area of australia)

- **name**: Watarru Indigenous Protected Area
- **iucn category**: VI
- **image**: Australia relief map.jpg
- **locator x**: 114
- **locator y**: 126
- **caption**: Location of Watarru Indigenous Protected Area
- **nearest town or city**: Watarru, South Australia, Watarru
- **established**: June 2000
- **managing authorities**: Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Management
Indigenous Protected Area

An **Indigenous Protected Area**, or **IPA**, is an area of land or sea owned by the Indigenous peoples of Australia. In an IPA the owners have made an agreement with the Australian Government to protect biodiversity and cultural resources.

There are over 50 IPAs covering an area of more than 36 million hectares. It is planned to increase this area by another 8 million hectares by 2018. In July 2012, the southern Tanami Indigenous Protected Area was declared, covering 10 million hectares in the Northern Territory. This is the traditional home of the Warlpairi, and includes the communities of Yuendumu, Willowra and Nyrripi.

Each IPA is managed by its traditional owners. Plants, animals and cultural sites are protected. The owners work with the government to control weeds, feral animals, bushfires, and visitors.
Virginia Bruce

**Virginia Bruce** (September 29, 1910 - February 24, 1982) was an American actress who played in movies and television. She was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She died from cancer, aged 71, in California.
Military radio station of Pierre-sur-Haute

The Pierre-sur-Haute military radio station is a 30-hectare hill-top site containing three towers in the Sauvain and Job communes used for French military communications in use since 1913. The tallest tower is a 55-metre-high civilian telecommunication tower owned by Télédiffusion de France.

In the beginning of 2013, the radio station became famous world-wide after the French intelligence agency Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur (DCRI) reportedly attempted to have the article removed from the French Wikipedia. This request was denied by the Wikimedia Foundation in March 2013. After this denial, the DCRI had forced a contributor to the French Wikipedia to remove it leading to world-wide media coverage. The deleted French Wikipedia article was soon restored, because there were no reasons for deletion according to the Wikipedia standards visible. Meanwhile, the article has been translated into 42 other languages.

## History

In 1960, a semaphore telegraph was built where the military radio station is now. At the time, it was only a small stone building, with the semaphore on top.

In 1966, NATO asked the French army to extend the site. Since then, it is one of the 82 NATO transmission stations in Europe. This network is known as ACE High system. In this network, the Pierre-sur-Haute station, served as a relay between the Lachens station to the south, and the Mont-Août  station to the north. It used four 10 kW transmitters and sixteen receivers. In 1974, the French Air Force took control of the station. In 1988, NATO began to decommission the ACE High system.

## Importance

The site is owned by the French Air Force. It is controlled from a site near Lyon, about  away. It has a heliport, and is accessible by helicopter. There is also a private road, which starts at the Col du Béal. This road cannot be used when there is heavy snow of more than . Another option is using a hiking trail, which can be used by tracked vehicles. Since the site is of strategic importance to the French army, it has been "hardened". This means that it has its own power supply and can withstand an attack.

There are about twenty people on site. The main purpose of the site is to analyse and relay signals.
Seattle Metropolitans

The **Seattle Metropolitans** were an American professional ice hockey team in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHL), based in Seattle, Washington from 1915 to 1924.

In 1917, The Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Stanley Cup when they defeated the Montreal Canadiens 3 games to 1. They played their home game at the Seattle Ice Arena.

## Other websites

- Metropolitans  on seattlehockey.net
- Results on hockeydb.com
Brandon Saad

**Brandon Saad** (born October 27, 1992, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American professional ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks.

He was drafted by the Blackhawks with the 43rd overall pick in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. Saad scored his first career NHL goal on February 5, 2013, against Antti Niemi of the San Jose Sharks. Before going to the NHL, he played 2 seasons with the Saginaw Spirit of the Ontario Hockey League. He won the gold medal with the United States at the 2010 IIHF World U18 Championships. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On June 30, 2015, the Blackhawks traded Saad along with Alex Broadhurst and Michael Paliotta, to the Columbus Blue Jackets in exchange for Jeremy Morin, Marko Daňo, Artem Anisimov, Corey Tropp and a fourth-round draft pick in 2016.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Brandon Saad - Chicago Blackhawks.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Saad during his time with the Blackhawks in December 2014
- **team**: Columbus Blue Jackets
- **former teams**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Left Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 211
- **birth place**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA, United States, USA
- **draft**: 43rd overall
- **draft team**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **draft year**: 2011
- **career start**: 2010
Heinrich Wilhelm Schott

**Heinrich Wilhelm Schott** was an Austrian botanist well known for his extensive work on aroids (Family Araceae).

He was born on 7 January 1794 in Brno, a city in Moravia that in those years was part of the Austrian Empire and that now is part of the Czech Republic. As a young boy, he came to live in Vienna, where his father was the chief gardener of the botanical garden of the university.

He studied botany, agriculture and chemistry at the University of Vienna, where he was a student of the botanist Joseph Franz von Jacquin (1766-1839). In 1815 he became gardener at the garden for the Austrian flora at the Belveder palace.

He was a participant in the Austrian Brazil Expedition from 1817 to 1821. While in Brazil from mid-1817 through 1821, Schott established and managed an introduction garden for accustoming living plants to more temperate climates in order to have them brought to Europe at a later date, made field trips, and prepared many notes concerning the plants and animals he saw.

In 1821 Schott returned to Vienna, where he worked as gardener again. In 1828 he was appointed _Hofgärtner_ (Royal Gardener) in Vienna, later serving as director of the Imperial Gardens at Schönbrunn Palace (1845). In 1852 he was in charge of transforming part of palace gardens in the fashion of an English garden. He also enriched the Viennese court gardens with his collections from Brazil.

He was interested in plants that grow in high mountains, above the tree line, He developed a garden with that kind of plants (an alpine garden) at Belvedere in Vienna.

He died at the Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, on 5 March 1865.

## Publications

- _Meletemata botanica_ (with Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher), 1832
- _Rutaceae. Fragmenta botanica_, 1834
- _Genera filicum_, 84 pp. 1834–1836
- _Aroideae_, 1853-1857
- _Analecta botanica_ (with Theodor Kotschy and Carl Fredrik Nyman), 70 pp. 1854
- _Synopsis Aroidearum complectens enumerationem systematicam generum at specierum hujus ordinis_, 148 pp. 1856
- _Icones Aroidearum_, 1857
- _Genera Aroidearum Exposita_, 1858
- _Prodromus Systematis Aroidearum_, 1860

## Species named for Schott

Other botanists named plants in honour of Schott; some of them are:
- (Acanthaceae) _Aphelandra schottiana__ <small>(Nees) Profice</small>
- (Acanthaceae) _Schaueria schottii_ <small>Nees</small>
- (Agavaceae) _Agave schottii_ <small>Engelm.</small>
- (Apiaceae) _Dichoropetalum schottii_ <small>(Besser ex DC.) Pimenov & Kljuykov</small>
- (Rubiaceae) _Uragoga schottiana_ <small>(Müll.Arg.) Kuntze</small>
- (Trigoniaceae) _Trigonia schottiana_ <small>Turcz.</small>
- (Verbenaceae) _Stachytarpheta schottiana_ <small>Schauer</small>

## Other websites

- _The Botanical Art of Schott's Aroideae Maximilianae'' by Scott Hyndman
- Deutsche Biographie Schott, Heinrich Wilhelm (biography).

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Heinrich Wilhelm Schott
- **image**: Heinrich Wilhelm Schott.jpg
- **birth place**: Brno, Moravia
- **death place**: Vienna, Austria
- **alma mater**: University of Vienna
- **known for**: Extensive works on Araceae
- **author abbrev bot**: Schott
Kol Yisrael

**Kol Yisrael** (; lit. "Voice of Israel", also "Israel Radio") is the national radio station in Israel. It is operated under the country's public broadcasting service. "Kan Reka" is one of Kol Yisrael's radio stations, and is broadcasting in 10 languages, including English, Spanish, Russian and more.

## Other websites

- Kan REKA - the international radio station of Kol Israel.
Israel Broadcasting Authority

**Israel Broadcasting Authority** (**IBA**; , ) is the public broadcasting authority of Israel. It is in charge of radio and television in Israel.

## Other websites

- Official site
- IBA World. Israel Radio foreign languages network REKA. Also has link to Reshet Hey Persian broadcast, now that www.intkolisrael.com no longer exists.
- Israel Educational Television
- Article on IBA English-language IBA programming
Mount Carmel

**Mount Carmel** is a mountain in northern Israel. The mountain is a north-west branch from the Samaria Mountains to Haifa and the Mediterranean Sea. The city of Haifa is located at the base of the mountain and the connection to the sea. The mountain is  above sea level. The  Bahá'í World Centre is located on Mount Carmel. The Carmelit funicular metro and the Cable cars in Haifa, provide public transport between the mountain base and the mountain top.

The name in Hebrew is **' (), which means "God's vineyard". In Arabic it is , **' or  __, "Mount Saint Elias".

## Other websites

- Mount Carmel - BiblePlaces.com , pictures and text illuminating the biblical site

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount Carmel
- **other name**: Hebrew: __
- **photo**: Haifa-Bahai world center front.jpg
- **photo caption**: <small>the Bahá'í World Centre on Mount Carmel in Haifa</small>
- **photo size**: 250
- **elevation m**: 546
- **label position**: right
- **location**: Haifa
Mount Tabor (Israel)

**Mount Tabor** ( __, ) is a mountain in northern Israel, in the Galilee Mountains in the eastern edge of the Jezreel Valley. Mount Tabor is  above sea level.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount Tabor
- **other name**: **Hebrew:** __
- **photo**: Hartavor.jpg
- **photo caption**: view of Mount Tabor
- **photo size**: 250
- **elevation m**: 575
- **map caption**: Lower Galilee,Galilee Mountains
- **label position**: right
- **location**: Galilee
Coobool Creek

**Coolbool** Creek is an archaeological site site near the Wakool River in New South Wales, Australia. It is about half way between Swan Hill and Deniliquin. The site is near Doherty's Hut at Coobool Crossing, although the exact spot is unknown.

G. M. Black found 126 skulls at the site in 1950. It has been difficult to give an exact age for the skulls, but one has been dated to 14,300 years ago. Some of the skulls also show artificial cranial deformation. The age, location, and deformities make the site similar to another Pleistocene site at Kow Swamp. Some scientists have said that this shows they were part of the same population, but others have disagreed. Because Coolbool Creek skulls were found on the surface it is difficult to date them, and other scientists have argued that they might be much older.

The skulls were kept at the University of Melbourne until 1984. They were returned to the local Aboriginal communities and reburied.
Brontotheriidae

The **Brontotheriidae**, also called **Titanotheriidae**, is a family of extinct mammals belonging to the order Perissodactyla. This is the order that includes horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs. On the outside, Brontotheres looked rather like rhinos, but they were actually more closely related to horses. They lived around 56–34 million years ago, until the end of the Eocene.

Later brontotheres were huge, up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in height with bizarre horn-like skull appendages.
Brandon Bollig

**Brandon Bollig** (born January 31, 1987, in Saint Charles, Missouri) is an American retired professional ice hockey center. He currently plays for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks.

He was not drafted by a team but the Blackhawks signed Bollig to a two-year entry-level contract and put him on their AHL farm team, the Rockford IceHogs. He played 2 seasons with the IceHogs and was called up to the Blackhawks on February 28, 2012. He scored his first NHL goal on April 14, 2012, against Mike Smith of the Phoenix Coyotes in a playoff game. Bollig also portrayed Will Cross, age 12 in the 2002 film Defiance. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On June 28, 2014 at the 2014 NHL Entry Draft, the Blackhawks traded Bollig to the Calgary Flames in exchange for the 83rd overall pick in the draft.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Brandon Bollig 2014-12-12.JPG
- **image size**: 230px
- **team**: Calgary Flames
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **former teams**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 223
- **birth place**: Saint Charles, Missouri, Saint Charles, Missouri, MO, United States, USA
- **draft**: Undrafted
- **career start**: 2010
Birksgate Range

The **Birksgate Range** is a scattered group of mountains in the northwest of South Australia. It is on the northeast edges of the Great Victoria Desert. It spreads for about  from Iltur in the southeast to Watarru in the northwest. The northern portion of it is protected in the Watarru Indigenous Protected Area. The range consists of granitic rock protrusions that have been weathered into rounded and rugged hills. They are not visibly connected to each other. Each are separated by flat plains and sand dunes. The mountains are fairly low in elevation; they are highest at the northern end.

Prominent peaks in the range include the following: Mounts Lindsay (819 m) and Wooltarlinna are at the northeastern end of the range, near Watarru. Further southwest are Mounts Holder and Sir Thomas (773 m). From here the range spreads southeast along the edge of the desert and the hills generally become lower and more widely dispersed. Mount Poondinna (678 m) is the highest peak in the central part of the range. Mounts Cheesman and Yaroona (also spelled Yaruna) are further to the southeast. The southern end of the range is at Iltur (Coffin Hill).

The Birksgate Range was named by the explorer David Lindsay, who led the Elder Scientific Exploring Expedition across the Great Victoria Desert between April 1891 and March 1892. He named the range for the man who funded and equipped their expedition, Sir Thomas Elder. "Birksgate" was the name of Elder's house in Adelaide.
NES Zapper

The **NES Zapper** is a light gun accessory for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console. It was released with the console's launch in North America in 1985. It allows players to aim at the screen and hit targets such as ducks, clay pigeons, and criminals. To hit targets, players have to point the device at the television and pull the trigger. It is used on supported NES games such as _Duck Hunt_ and _Wild Gunman_. It looks like a futuristic science fiction ray gun with the colors matching the NES console. The Zapper can only be used on CRT displays and will not work on LCDs, plasma displays or other flat panel displays due to display lag.
APK (file format)

**Android Package Kit** (**APK**) is the file format that software for Android is distributed in. It is an extension of the ZIP file format. An APK file contains bitcode for Android's Dalvik Virtual machine, resources used by the program (such as images and sounds), and sometimes native executable code, usually for the ARM processor.
Yuki people

The **Yuki** are a Native American group of California. Their traditional territory is around Round Valley, in what is now Mendocino County. The Yuki call themselves the **Ukomno'm**, meaning "Valley People." European Americans learned and adopted the name "Yuki" from the their neighbours, the Nomlaki, who called them "enemy" in the Wintu language. "Yuki" is an exonym, a name by another group.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Yuki people
- **image**: YukiTribe.jpg
- **caption**: Yuki men at the Round Valley Indian Reservation, Nome Cult Farm, ca. 1858
- **total**: 85
- **regions**: ()
- **languages**: English language, English, formerly Yuki language
- **related groups**: Wappo people
Johnny Oduya

**David Johnny Oduya** (born October 1, 1981) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played parts of sixteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the New Jersey Devils, Atlanta Thrashers, Winnipeg Jets, Chicago Blackhawks, Dallas Stars, Ottawa Senators, and Philadelphia Flyers. He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks, once in 2013 and again in 2015.

## Career

He was drafted by the Washington Capitals with the 221st overall pick in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. He first played in the NHL for the New Jersey Devils. He played 4 seasons with the Devils before he was traded to the Atlanta Thrashers on February 4, 2010 along with Niclas Bergfors, Patrice Cormier and a 1st round draft pick in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft for Ilya Kovalchuk and Anssi Salmela. He played 3 seasons with the Atlanta Thrashers/Winnipeg Jets and was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks for a 2nd round pick and a 3rd round pick in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On July 15, 2015, Oduya signed a two-year contract with the Dallas Stars.

On 28 February 2017, the Stars would trade Oduya back to the Blackhawks in exchange for Mark McNeill and a fourth-round draft pick.

On 24 July, Oduya would sign a one-year contract with the Ottawa Senators.

The Senators would put Oduya on waivers and the Philadelphia Flyers would claim him on 26 February. He would only play one game with the Flyers before suffering a lower body injury on 10 March. He didn't play another game in the NHL after and would retire from playing professional ice hockey.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Johnny Oduya - Chicago Blackhawks.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Oduya during his time with the Blackhawks in December 2014
- **played for**: Djurgårdens IF Hockey, Djurgårdens IF
Frölunda HC
New Jersey Devils
Atlanta Thrashers
Winnipeg Jets
Chicago Blackhawks
Dallas Stars
Ottawa Senators
Philadelphia Flyers
- **position**: Defenceman, Defense
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 200
- **ntl team**: Sweden
- **birth place**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **draft**: 221st overall
- **draft year**: 2001
- **draft team**: Washington Capitals
- **career start**: 1999
- **career end**: 2018
Judaean Mountains

The **Judaean Mountains**, ( "Harei Yehuda"; <big></big>  _Jibal al-Khalil_), also known as the **Judaean Hills** and **Hebron Hills**, is a mountain range in Israel and Palestine. It spreads across the borders of Israel and the West Bank, where Jerusalem and several other ancient cities are located. The mountains reach a height of 1,000 metres above sea level.

## Mountains

- Around Jerusalem
- Temple Mount
- Mount of Olives
- Mount Scopus
- Mount Zion
- Har Nof
- Mount Herzl
- Mount of Rest
- Mount Hotzvim

## Other websites

- Pictures
- Judaean Mountains & Jerusalem
- Symbolism and Landscape: The Etzion Bloc in the Judaean Mountains, Yossi Katz and John C. Lehr
Mount of Temptation

**The Mount of Temptation** is said to be the hill in the Judean Desert where Jesus was tempted by Satan. The exact location is unknown. It is generally identified with **Mount Quarantania**, a limestone mountain about 366 metres (1,200 feet) high, located about  northwest of the town of Jericho.
Black Gives Way to Blue

***Black Gives Way to Blue*** is the fourth studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. _Black Gives Way to Blue_ was released on September 25, 2009. The album featured the singles "A Looking in View", "Check My Brain", "Your Decision" and "Lesson Learned". It has sold a million copies around the world.

_Black Gives Way to Blue_ was the first Alice in Chains album to feature new vocalist/guitarist William DuVall, who took over after the death of former lead singer Layne Staley. The album was also the first studio album made by Alice in Chains since their self-titled album was released in 1995. It is the band's first album to be released on Virgin Records.

The album got mainly good reviews. It was voted number 2 in Kerrang!'s top twenty albums of 2009.

Music videos were released for  "A Looking in View", "Check My Brain", "Your Decision", "Acid Bubble" which is available as an interactive video on AliceinChains.com), "Last of My Kind" and "Lesson Learned".

The song "Check My Brain" was nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 2010 Grammy Awards. Their song "A Looking in View" was also nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 2011 Grammy Awards.

## Other websites

- Black Gives Way to Blue at Allmusic

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Black Gives Way to Blue
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Alice in Chains
- **released**: September 29, 2009
- **recorded**: October 23, 2008 – March 18, 2009
- **studio**: Studio 606 in Northridge, Los Angeles, California, Northridge, California
 Henson Recording Studios in Los Angeles
- **length**: 54:12
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin/EMI Records, EMI
- **producer**: Nick Raskulinecz, Alice in Chains
- **prev title**: The Essential Alice in Chains
- **prev year**: 2006
- **next title**: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here
- **next year**: 2013
The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here

***The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here*** is the fifth studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. _The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here_ was released on May 28, 2013. The album features the singles "Hollow", "Stone", and "Voices".

Guitarist Jerry Cantrell said about the album, "I don't think you'll be surprised by anything you hear. ... It's us. But it's also really unique. It's got all the elements of any record we've put out, but it's unlike any record we've put out. Basically, it's the next chapter in the Alice in Chains book, and it's going to be a big one."

## Other websites

- The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here at Allmusic

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Alice in Chains
- **recorded**: July 2011 – December 2012
- **studio**: Henson Recording Studios
<small>Los Angeles, California</small>
- **length**: 67:16
- **label**: Capitol Records, Capitol
- **producer**: Nick Raskulinecz, Alice in Chains
- **prev title**: Black Gives Way to Blue
- **prev year**: 2009
- **next title**: Rainier Fog
- **next year**: 2018
Barabbas

**Barabbas** is a person from the Bible who lived around the time of Jesus (33 AD). He has a bad reputation for being a liar, thief, insurrectionist and zealot. He was released by Pontius Pilate the Roman governor of Judea who presided over Jesus' trial. The most notable thing about Barabbas is that this name was his surname (last name), but his first name was also Jesus. So when Pilate — who was warned by his wife to leave this Holy man alone — offered to set free one of the prisoners, he was offering the crowd in Jerusalem two Jesuses to choose from: Jesus Barabbas or Jesus of Nazareth. Pilate released Barabbas and ordered Jesus, "King of the Jews", to be crucified.
Wolf–Rayet star

**Wolf–Rayet stars** (WR stars) are massive stars (over 20 solar masses initially). They are losing mass rapidly by means of a very strong stellar wind, with speeds up to 2000 km/s. While our own Sun loses about 10<sup>−14</sup> solar masses every year, Wolf–Rayet stars typically lose 10<sup>−5</sup> solar masses a year. (The last number is one million times larger than the second-to-last number.)

Wolf–Rayet stars are extremely hot, with surface temperatures in the range of 30,000 K to around 200,000 K that make them look blue in color. They are also highly luminous, from tens of thousands to several million times the bolometric luminosity of the Sun, although not exceptionally bright visually since most of their output is in far ultraviolet and even "soft" X-rays.

Wolf–Rayet stars are evolved, massive stars.

## Clarification of terms

In astronomy, luminosity is not quite the same thing as brightness. Luminosity measures the <u/l>total amount of energy emitted</u/l> by a star or other astronomical object in SI units of joules per second, which are watts. A watt is one unit of power, and just as a light bulb is measured in watts, so is the Sun, which has a total power output of 3.846×10<sup>26</sup> W. This number is the basic metric used in astronomy: it is known as 1 solar luminosity, the symbol for which is .

Radiant power, however, is not the only way to conceptualize brightness, so other metrics are also used. The most common is apparent magnitude, which is the perceived brightness of an object from an observer on Earth at visible wavelengths. Other metrics are absolute magnitude, which is an object's intrinsic brightness at visible wavelengths, irrespective of distance. The measure of luminosity is  "bolometric magnitude", the total power output across all wavelengths.
Star formation

**Star formation** means the earliest stages in a star's life. Dense regions of particles exist in molecular clouds known as "stellar nurseries". The clouds collapse under gravitation into spheres of plasma to form stars.

## Stellar nurseries

High density regions of the interstellar medium (ISM) form clouds, or _nebulae_, where star formation takes place.

### Dense nebulae

In the dense nebulae where stars are produced, much of the hydrogen is in the molecular (H<sub>2</sub>) form, so these nebulae are called molecular clouds. The largest such formations, giant molecular clouds, have densities of 100 particles per cm<sup>3</sup>, diameters of , and masses up to 6 million solar masses, and an average interior temperature of 10 K. About half the total mass of the galactic ISM is found in molecular clouds. In the Milky Way there are about 6,000 molecular clouds, each with more than 100,000 solar masses. The nearest nebula to the Sun where massive stars are being formed is the Orion nebula,  away. However, lower mass star formation is occurring about 400–450 light years distant in the ρ Ophiuchi cloud complex.

A more compact site of star formation is the opaque clouds of dense gas and dust known as Bok globules; so named after the astronomer Bart Bok. The Bok globules are typically up to a light year across and contain a few solar masses. They can be seen as dark clouds against bright emission nebulae or background stars. Over half the known Bok globules have been found to contain newly forming stars.

### Spiral galaxies

A spiral galaxy like the Milky Way contains stars, the remains of stars (stellar remnants) and a diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) of gas and dust. The interstellar medium consists of 10<sup>–4</sup> to 10<sup>6</sup> particles per cm<sup>3</sup> usually of about 70% hydrogen by mass, with most of the remaining gas consisting of helium. This medium is chemically enriched by trace amounts of heavier elements that were ejected from stars as they passed beyond the end of their main sequence lifetime.

### Elliptical galaxies

In contrast to spirals, an elliptical galaxy loses the cold component of its interstellar medium within about a billion years. This hinders the galaxy from forming diffuse nebulae except through  mergers with other galaxies.

## W75N(B)-VLA2

This is a massive protostar about 300 times brighter than our Sun. Astronomers have caught a key stage in the birth of a very heavy star. They used two radio telescope views of the process 18 years apart. The young star is 4,200 light-years from Earth and is surrounded by a doughnut-shaped cloud of dust.

The first observation was in 1996. By 2015 its stellar wind changed from a compact spherical form to a larger, ionized  elliptical shape. This gave information about what happens as a massive star forms. Being able to observe its rapid growth is unique, according to Huib van Langevelde of Leiden University, one of the authors of a study of the object.
Indulkana Range

The **Indulkana Range** is a range of hills in the northwest of South Australia. It is sometimes called the **Mount Chandler Range** after its highest peak. It is located to the southwest of Indulkana, on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara lands. The mountains of the Indulkana area are part of the traditional country of the Yankunytjatjara and Antakarinya.

The range consists of a series of parallel ridges running east to west. The southern side of the range ends in an escarpment, the most prominent point of which is Chambers Bluff. The rock is made up of quartzite and sandstone rock, resting on slates of kaolinised clay. At the eastern end of the range is Mount Chandler, which overlooks the settlement of Indulkana and the Indulkana Creek. It rises about  from its base. It is made up of quartzite, quartz sandstone and sandstone. Slightly north of the escarpment, and following its path from east to west, is a series of gorges that split the hills. The gorges contain several reliable springs.

## Other websites

- Geological details from Geoscience Australia:
    - Indulkana Shale
    - Mount Chandler Sandstone
    - Chambers Bluff Tillite
Hydrazone

A **hydrazone** is the functional group with structure R<sub>1</sub>R<sub>2</sub>C=NNH<sub>2</sub>. They are like aldehydes or ketones, with an NNH<sub>2</sub> group instead of the oxygen atom.

They are made by reacting hydrazines with ketones or aldehydes:

Hydrazones are very useful molecules to do some reactions. For example, a ketone can be reduced down completely if made into a hydrazine and then treated with sodium ethoxide (Wolff–Kishner reduction). Hydrazones are very important intermediates in many reactions, such as the Fischer indole synthesis. This makes indoles, groups which are found in many drugs.