juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Patrick M. Shanahan

**Patrick Michael Shanahan** (born June 27, 1962) is an American politician and businessman. He was the acting United States Secretary of Defense in the Trump administration from January 1, 2019 to June 24, 2019.

On December 27, 2018, President Trump promoted him to Acting Secretary of Defense starting on January 1, 2019, replacing James Mattis.

The White House announced on May 9, 2019, that Trump intended to nominate Shanahan as the Secretary of Defense. That decision was reversed on June 18, 2019, when Shanahan said that he was withdrawing, and Trump announced that he would be making Mark Esper the acting U.S. Secretary of Defense. Shanahan's last day in that position was June 24, 2019.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Patrick Shanahan.jpg
- **office**: Acting United States Secretary of Defense
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **deputy**: David Norquist (acting)
- **term start**: January 1, 2019
- **term end**: June 24, 2019
- **predecessor**: James Mattis
- **successor**: Mark Esper (acting)
- **office1**: 33rd United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
- **president1**: Donald Trump
- **term start1**: July 19, 2017
- **term end1**: January 1, 2019
- **predecessor1**: Robert O. Work
- **1namedata1**: Jim Mattis
- **successor1**: David Norquist (acting)
- **birth name**: Patrick Michael Shanahan
- **birth place**: Palo Alto, California, U.S.
- **education**: University of Washington (Bachelor of Science, BS)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Master of Science, MS, Master of Business Administration, MBA)
David Bernhardt

**David Longly Bernhardt** (born August 17, 1969) is an American attorney, lobbyist and politician. He was the 53rd United States Secretary of the Interior from 2019 to 2021. He was the Deputy United States Secretary of the Interior when Ryan Zinke was secretary.

He began working for the United States Department of the Interior in 2001 and was the department's solicitor from 2006 to 2009, among other roles.

On April 28, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated him to be the United States Deputy Secretary of the Interior.  He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on July 24, 2017. He became Acting Secretary of the Interior on January 2, 2019, replacing Ryan Zinke. In February 2019, Trump nominated Bernhardt to serve the position as the permanent secretary. He was confirmed on April 11, 2019.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: David Bernhardt
- **image**: Secretary David Bernhardt.jpg
- **office**: 53rd United States Secretary of the Interior
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **deputy**: Katharine MacGregor
- **term start**: April 11, 2019
- **term end**: January 20, 2021
Acting: January 2, 2019 – April 11, 2019
- **predecessor**: Ryan Zinke
- **successor**: Deb Haaland
- **office1**: 5th United States Deputy Secretary of the Interior
- **president1**: Donald Trump
- **term start1**: August 1, 2017
- **term end1**: April 11, 2019
- **predecessor1**: Michael L. Connor
- **successor1**: _Vacant_
- **office2**: Solicitor of the United States Department of the Interior
- **president2**: George W. Bush
- **term start2**: October 5, 2006
- **term end2**: January 20, 2009
- **predecessor2**: Sue Ellen Wooldridge
- **successor2**: Hilary Tompkins
- **birth name**: David Longly Bernhardt
- **birth place**: Rifle, Colorado, U.S.
- **residence**: Arlington County, Virginia, Arlington, Virginia, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: University of Northern Colorado (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
George Washington University (Juris Doctor, JD)
- **spouse**: Gena
- **children**: 2
Rifle, Colorado

**Rifle** is a city in Garfield County, Colorado, United States. The population was 10,437 at the 2020 census. The town was founded in 1882. It is located along Rifle Creek, near its mouth on the Colorado. The community takes its name from the creek.
McFlurry

The **McFlurry** is a brand of flavored ice cream distributed by the international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's and was first introduced in Canada in 1995.

## Other websites

- Nutritional information for a sample McFlurry
Bonner County, Idaho

**Bonner County** is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, 47,110 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Sandpoint.

### Cities

- Sandpoint
- Clark Fork
- Dover
- East Hope
- Hope
- Kootenai
- Oldtown
- Ponderay
- Priest River

### Census-designated place

- Blanchard

### Unincorporated communities

- Careywood
- Cocolalla
- Colburn
- Coolin
- Laclede
- Lamb Creek
- Nordman
- Outlet Bay
- Sagle
- Vans Corner
- Westmond

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Bonner County
- **state**: Idaho
- **founded year**: 1907
- **founded date**: February 21
- **seat wl**: Sandpoint
- **largest city wl**: Sandpoint
- **area total sq mi**: 1919
- **area land sq mi**: 1735
- **area water sq mi**: 185
- **area percentage**: 9.6
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 47110
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Pacific
- **district**: 1st
- **web**: http://bonnercounty.us/
- **named for**: Edwin L. Bonner
- **ex image**: Bonner County Courthouse, Sandpoint, Idaho (2).jpg
- **ex image cap**: Bonner County Courthouse in Sandpoint
Earle, Arkansas

**Earle** is a city in Crittenden County, Arkansas.
Emmet, Arkansas

**Emmet** is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Clay County, Kentucky

**Clay County** is a county in Kentucky.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Clay County
- **state**: Kentucky
- **founded year**: 1807
- **seat wl**: Manchester
- **largest city wl**: Manchester
- **area total sq mi**: 471
- **area land sq mi**: 469
- **area water sq mi**: 1.8
- **area percentage**: 0.4%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 20345
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **web**: https://claycounty.ky.gov
- **named for**: Green Clay
- **ex image**: Clay County Kentucky Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Clay County courthouse in Manchester
- **district**: 5th
Clay County, Tennessee

**Clay County** is a county in Tennessee.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Clay County
- **state**: Tennessee
- **founded**: 1870
- **named for**: Henry Clay
- **seat wl**: Celina
- **largest city wl**: Celina
- **area total sq mi**: 259
- **area land sq mi**: 237
- **area water sq mi**: 23
- **area percentage**: 8.8%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 7581
- **density sq mi**: 33
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: https://dalehollowlake.org/
- **ex image**: Clay-county-tennessee-courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Clay County Courthouse in Celina
Clay County, Mississippi

**Clay County** is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. The county seat is West Point. As of the 2020 census, 18,636 people lived there.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Clay County
- **state**: Mississippi
- **ex image**: City Hall, West Point, MS 02.JPG
- **ex image cap**: West Point City Hall at National Register of Historic Places listings in Clay County, Mississippi, West Point Central City Historic District.
- **founded**: 1871
- **seat wl**: West Point
- **largest city**: West Point
- **area total sq mi**: 416
- **area land sq mi**: 410
- **area water sq mi**: 5.9
- **area percentage**: 1.4
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 18636
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **web**: http://www.claycountyms.com/index.php/
- **district**: 1st
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: Henry Clay
UNCF

**UNCF**, the **United Negro College Fund**, also known as the **United Fund**, is an American nonprofit organization that funds scholarships for black students at universities across the country, including 37 private historically black colleges and universities.

UNCF was created on April 25, 1944 by Frederick D. Patterson (then president of what is now Tuskegee University), Mary McLeod Bethune, and others. Its headquarters are located at 1805 7th Street, NW in Washington, D.C.

## Operations

UNCF awards more than $100 million in scholarships each year to students at more than 1,100 colleges and universities. According to its website, it is "the nation’s largest private scholarship provider to minority group members."

Since it was founded, UNCF has supported more than 500,000 college students.

## Leadership

UNCF's President and Chief Executive Officer is Michael Lomax. Past presidents of the UNCF included William H. Gray (a Pennsylvania politician) and Vernon Jordan (a lawyer and civil rights activist).

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: United Negro College Fund
- **type**: Educational
- **founded date**: April 25, 1944
- **founder**: Frederick D. Patterson  Mary McLeod Bethune
- **location**: 1805 7th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
- **key people**: Michael Lomax <small>(President)</small>
- **area served**: United States
Sigma, Capiz

**Sigma** is a town in Capiz, Visayas, in the Philippines. In 2015, it had a population of 30,134 people.

Sigma is 28 kilometers away from Roxas, the capital of the province of Capiz.
Capiz

**Capiz** is a province of the Visayas region in the Philippines. The province's capital is Roxas City. The province is one of the 15th most visited places in the country and is known for its seafood.
LA

**LA** can mean

- Latin
- Laos
- Louisiana a US state by abbreviation
- Los Angeles a city in California and second most populated city in the US
Aída Judith León

**Aída León de Rodríguez** (born **Aída Judith León Lara**; June 23, 1928 – November 20, 2024) was an Ecuadorian philanthropist. She was the First Lady of Ecuador to Guillermo Rodríguez, her husband from 1972 to 1976.

León was born on June 23, 1928 in Pujilí, Cotopaxi Province. In 1953, she married General Guillermo Rodríguez and had five children.

As First Lady of Ecuador, León was president of the National Children's Trust (INNFA since 1980). León was in charge of the evacuation and treatment of victims of a flood in Babahoyo.

León died in Quito on November 20, 2024, at the age of 96.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Aída Judith León Lara
- **image**: Aída Judith León (1975).jpg
- **caption**: Aída Judith León in 1975
- **office**: First Lady of Ecuador
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: February 15, 1972
- **term end**: January 11, 1976
- **predecessor**: Alicia Pizzimbono
- **successor**: Corina del Parral
- **president**: Guillermo Rodríguez
- **birth name**: Aída Judith León Lara
- **birth place**: Pujilí, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Tom Weisner

**Tom Weisner** (October 6, 1949 – December 28, 2018) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Aurora, Illinois from 2005 until 2016. He worked for five years as a volunteer in the Peace Corps. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Batavia, Illinois. He was re-elected in 2012, but in May 2015 announced his retirement. He resigned in August 2016 due to poor health.

Weisner died of colon cancer-related complications on December 28, 2018 in Aurora, aged 69.
Wendy Beckett

**Wendy Beckett** (25 February 1930 – 26 December 2018), better known as **Sister Wendy**, was a British nun, television personality and art historian. She was born in South Africa.

Beckett became famous during the early 1990s when she presented a series of BBC television documentaries on the history of art. Her programmes, such as _Sister Wendy's Odyssey_ and _Sister Wendy's Grand Tour,_ often drew a 25 percent share of the British viewing audience.

In 1997, Sister Wendy first appeared on television in the United States, on public television. That same year _The New York Times_ described her as "a sometime hermit who is fast on her way to becoming the most unlikely and famous art critic in the history of television".

Beckett died on 26 December 2018 at the Carmelite Monastery in Quidenham, Norfolk at the age of 88.
Peritonitis

**Peritonitis** is inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and cover of the abdominal organs. If  left untreated, it can be life-threatening.

## Symptoms

Signs and symptoms may include:
- severe pain in the stomach
- fever, or feeling hot and shivering
- tachycardia (quick heart rate)
- trouble urinating or urinating less than usual
- weight loss.
There may also be swelling in the abdomen, feeling or being sick, and a loss of appetite.

If peritonitis happens while kidney dialysis treatment is being used, the fluid in the collection bag might look cloudier than usual or contain white flecks.

## Causes

Include:
- perforation of the intestinal tract
- pancreatitis
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- burst stomach ulcer
- cirrhosis
- ruptured appendix.
- digestive problems (example Chron's disease or diverticulitis)
- surgery
The lining of the stomach (peritoneum) covers internal organs like the kidneys, liver and bowel. If the lining becomes infected and you get peritonitis, the internal organs it covers can also be damaged.

## Treatment

After a peritonitis diagnosis, treatment in hospital is needed to get rid of the infection.Treatment usually involves being given antibiotics into a vein (intravenously).

If regular kidney dialysis is ongoing, a doctor might discuss a different way of doing it until the peritonitis has been treated.

## Related pages

- appendix
- gallbladder
- acid reflux

## Infobox (medical condition (new))

- **name**: Peritonitis
- **image**: Tuberculous peritonitis (6544825621).jpg
- **caption**: Peritonitis from tuberculosis
- **synonyms**: Surgical abdomen, acute abdomen
- **field**: Emergency medicine, general surgery
- **symptoms**: Severe pain, swelling of the abdomen, fever
- **complications**: Sepsis (sepsis is likely if not quickly treated), Shock (circulatory), shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- **onset**: Sudden
- **types**: Primary, secondary, tertiary, generalized, localized
- **causes**: Gastrointestinal perforation, Perforation of the intestinal tract, pancreatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, cirrhosis, Appendicitis, ruptured appendix
- **risks**: Ascites, peritoneal dialysis
- **diagnosis**: Physical examination, Examination, blood tests, medical imaging
- **treatment**: Antibiotics, Intravenous therapy, intravenous fluids, Analgesic, pain medication, surgery
- **frequency**: Relatively common
Tomokatsu Kitagawa

was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was a member of the House of Representatives. He was born in Neyagawa, Osaka. He was an MP from 2003 to 2009 and again from 2012 until his death 2018.

Kitagawa died on December 26, 2018 in Osaka of complications from peritonitis, aged 67.

## Other websites

- Official website  in Japanese.
Toshiko Fujita

was a Japanese actress and singer. She was born in Dalian, Liaoning, China. She worked at Aoni Production. Fujita was known for her roles in _Digimon Adventure_, _Zatch Bell!_, _Chihayafuru_, _Bonobono_ and in _Fist of the North Star_.

Fujita died of breast cancer on December 28, 2018 in Tokyo at the age of 68.

## Other websites

- Aoni Production profile
- Toshiko Fujita  at the Seiyuu database
Peter Hill-Wood

**Peter Denis Hill-Wood** (25 February 1936 – 28 December 2018) was a British businessman. He was born in London. He was chairman of Arsenal Football Club. He also was vice-chairman of Hambros Bank. On 14 June 2013 Hill-Wood stepped down and was replaced as chairman of Arsenal by Chip Keswick.

On 28 December 2018, Hill-Wood died in London, aged 82.

## Other websites

- Peter Hill-Wood at Cricket Archive
Robert Costanzo

**Robert Jason Costanzo** (born October 20, 1942) is an American actor. He was born in New York City. He is known as the voice double for Danny DeVito. His first role was in the 1975 movie _Dog Day Afternoon_. He is also known for his voice role of Detective Harvey Bullock on _Batman: The Animated Series_, _Superman: The Animated Series_, _The New Batman Adventures_ and _Static Shock_

His movie roles include _Total Recall_, _Die Hard 2_, _Dick Tracy_, _City Slickers_, and _Down and Derby_. His television roles include in _Boston Legal_, _Hannah Montana_, _Friends_, _Days of Our Lives_, _The Golden Girls_ and as Commissioner Stenchler in the Sega CD game _Sewer Shark_.
Brenda Vaccaro

**Brenda Buell Vaccaro** (born November 18, 1939) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in _Midnight Cowboy_, _Once Is Not Enough_, _Airport '77_, _Capricorn One_, _The Pride of Jesse Hallam_, _Supergirl_, _The Mirror Has Two Faces_, _Heart of Midnight_, and in _Zorro, The Gay Blade_.

She received one Academy Award nomination, three Golden Globe Award nominations (winning one), four Primetime Emmy Award nominations (winning one), and three Tony Award nominations.

Her best known stage roles were in _The Affair_ (1962), _Cactus Flower_ (1965), _How Now, Dow Jones_ (1967), _The Goodbye People_ (1968), the female version of _The Odd Couple_, (1985), and _Jake's Women_ (1992).

## Infobox (actor)

- **image**: Brenda Vaccaro.JPG
- **caption**: Vaccaro in _Where It's At (film), Where It's At_ (1969)
- **birthname**: Brenda Buell Vaccaro
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **education**: Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre
- **occupation**: Actor, Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1961–present
- **spouse**:
Bird Box (movie)

***Bird Box*** is a 2018 American horror thriller movie. It was directed by Susanne Bier. The movie is based on a novel of the same name by Josh Malerman.

The movie is about a woman, played by Sandra Bullock. Together with other people she hides from supernatural creatures. If a human sees such a creature, he kills himself. Later the woman must make it through a forest and river. She has a pair of children with her. Most of the time they are blindfolded to avoid the sight of the creatures.

Other actors in the movie are Trevante Rhodes, Jacki Weaver, Rosa Salazar, Danielle Macdonald, Lil Rel Howery, Tom Hollander, BD Wong, Sarah Paulson, Colson Baker and John Malkovich.

_Bird Box_ had its world premiere at AFI Fest on November 12, 2018. The movie began a limited release on December 14. Starting December 21, 2018 the movie was streamed worldwide on Netflix.
Freshwater fish

**Freshwater fish** are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 1.05%.

Freshwater fish differ from saltwater fish in several respects. Their gills must be able to diffuse dissolved gases while keeping the salts in the body fluids inside. Their scales reduce water diffusion through the skin: freshwater fish that have lost too many scales will die.

### Habitat destruction

Freshwater fish also die from habitat destruction. Dams not only interrupt linear water flow and cause major geological channel shifts, but also limit the amount of water available to fishes in lakes, streams and rivers and have the potential to change the trophic structure because of these alterations of the habitat and the limitations to movement and connectivity.

The purpose of a dam is to impound (store) water, kill freshwater fish, wastewater or liquid borne materials for any of several reasons, such as flood control, human water supply, irrigation, livestock water supply, energy generation, containment of mine tailings, recreation, or pollution control.

## Coolwater fish

Coolwater fish species prefer water temperature between the coldwater and the long warmwater species, around 60 to 80 °F (16–27 °C). They are found throughout North America except for the southern portions of the United States. Common coolwater species include muskellunge, northern pike, walleye, and yellow perch.

### Endangered species

About four in ten North American freshwater fish are endangered, according to a pan-North American study, the main cause being human pollution. Since 1989, the number of fish species and subspecies to become endangered has risen from 40 to 61.

## Related pages

- Telescopefish
- Evolution of fish
- List of prehistoric bony fish genera

## References

- Borgstrøm, Reidar & Hansen, Lars Petter (red): _Fisk i ferskvann - et samspill mellom bestander, miljø og forvaltning_, Landbruksforlaget 2000
- Jonsson, Bror: «Fiskene» i _Norges dyr - Fiskene 1_, Cappelen 1992
Jason Wiles

**Jason Austin Wiles** (born April 25, 1970) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in the television series, such as Colin Robbins in _Beverly Hills, 90210_ and as Maurice Boscorelli in _Third Watch_. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri.
Clay County, Missouri

**Clay County** is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 253,335, making it the fifth-most populous county in Missouri. The county seat is Liberty. It was founded on January 2, 1822.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Clay County
- **flag**:
- **state**: Missouri
- **founded date**: January 2
- **founded year**: 1822
- **named for**: Henry Clay
- **seat wl**: Liberty
- **largest city wl**: Kansas City
- **area total sq mi**: 409
- **area land sq mi**: 397
- **area water sq mi**: 11
- **area percentage**: 2.8
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 253335
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: https://www.claycountymo.gov/
- **ex image**: Clay County Missouri Courthouse 20191027-7046.jpg
- **ex image cap**: South side of the Clay County Courthouse (designed by Wight and Wight) in Liberty
Gitega

**Gitega** is the capital of Burundi. It is also the second-largest city. Gitega is east of Burundi's largest city, Bujumbura. It is also the capital and largest city of Gitega Province.

## History

On 29 April 1972, the king Ntare V was killed in Gitega.

In March 2007, the President of Burundi Pierre Nkurunziza said that Burundi was going to bring back its capital to Gitega, saying that it is a better location for a capital than Bujumbura.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Gitega
- **settlement type**: Capital city
- **image skyline**: Gitega.JPG
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **pushpin map**: Burundi#Africa
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Burundi
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Burundi, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Gitega Province
- **area total km2**: 22
- **area urban km2**: 22
- **area metro km2**: 27
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 135,467
- **population density km2**: 5454
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **elevation m**: 1504
The Ant Bully

***The Ant Bully*** is a 2006 American computer-animated adventure fantasy comedy movie written, edited and directed by Rich Moore And Eric Darnell And Executive Produced For BBC By: Mike Mitchell,  Joe Johnston, and Kathleen Branagh based on the 1999 children's book The Ant Bully by John Nickle.

Original Scoring By: James Newton Howard And Chris Bacon
Orchestratral And Scoring Conducted By: Pete Anthony And Gavin Greenaway
Recorded By: Nick Wollage And Shawn Murthy AT EMI Abbey Road And AIR Lyndhurst Hall, London UK

It features the voices of Zach Tyler Eisen, Julia Roberts, Nicolas Cage, Meryl Streep and Paul Giamatti, was produced by Tom Hanks and Gary Goetzman's Playtone, John A. Davis and Keith Alcorn's DNA Productions, and was released in theatres on July 28, 2006, by Warner Bros. and Legendary Pictures. Concurrently with the general release, it was offered in big screen IMAX 3D, the format, also used with _Blended_.

## Story

A boy named Lucas is bullied by another boy named Steve who gives him a wedgie so often that he’s now running out of underwear. Lucas makes himself feel better about this by drowning ants so the ants shrink him down to the size of an ant. Lucas finds out that an Exterminator named Stan Beals he hired is coming to kill the ants, so Lucas helps save them by beating the exterminator. The Ants then turn Lucas back to normal so he stands up to Steve and stops getting bullied.
Tripureswar

**Tripureshwar** is a village in Dhading District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal.

At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2707 and had 497 houses in it.

The biggest river of the district, Netrawati river passes from this village.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Tripureshwor
- **native name**: त्रिपुरेश्वर
- **settlement type**: Village development committee
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Zones of Nepal, Zone
- **subdivision name1**: Bagmati Zone
- **subdivision name2**: Dhading District
- **population as of**: 1991
- **population total**: 2707
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **population blank2**: Hindu
Yakovlev Yak-18

**Yakovlev Yak-18** (Russian: Яковлев Як-18; NATO reporting name: **Max**) is a Soviet 2-seat military fighter designed by Yakovlev.
Yakovlev

**Yakovlev** is a Russian aircraft company. It is headquartered in Aeroport District, Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow.

## Other websites

- Official website
Kelly Burnett

**James Kelvin "Kelly" Burnett** (June 16, 1926 – December 22, 2018) was a Canadian ice hockey centre. He played in the NHL for the New York Rangers. He was born in Lachine, Quebec.

Burnett died on December 22, 2018 in Halifax, Nova Scotia at the age of 92.
Børge Ring

**Børge Ring** (17 February 1921 – 27 December 2018) was a Danish screenwriter, director and animator. His 1978 short movie _Oh My Darling_ won the Best Short Film award at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival, and his 1984 short movie _Anna & Bella_ won the Best Animated Short Film award at the Academy Awards.

Ring died on 28 December 2018 in Ravenstein, Netherlands at the age of 97.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Børge Ring
- **image**: File:Börge Ring (1988).jpg
- **caption**: Børge Ring in 1988.
- **birth place**: Ribe, Denmark
- **death place**: Ravenstein, Netherlands, Ravenstein, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Danish
- **occupation**: Animated short film writer, director and animator
- **years active**: 1947 - c. 1999
- **notable works**: _Oh My Darling_ (1978)
 _Anna & Bella_ (1984)
Mohammed Nadir Shah

**Muhammad Nadir Shah** (,  – born **Muhammad Nadir Khan**; 9 April 1883 – 8 November 1933) was King of Afghanistan from 15 October 1929 until his assassination in November 1933. Previously, he served as Minister of War, Afghan Ambassador to France, and as a general in the military of Afghanistan. He and his son Muhammad Zahir Shah, who succeeded him, are part of the Musahiban.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Muhammad Nadir Shah
محمد نادر شاه
- **title**: List of monarchs of Afghanistan, King of the God granted Kingdom of Afghanistan and its dependencies
- **image**: Nadir Khan of Afghanistan.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **succession**: King of Afghanistan
- **reign**: 16 October 1929 – 8 November 1933
- **predecessor**: Habibullah Kalakāni
- **successor**: Mohammed Zahir Shah
- **spouse**: Mah Parwar Begum
- **house**: Barakzai dynasty, Musahiban
- **father**: Mohammad Yusuf Khan
- **mother**: Sharaf Sultana Hukumat Begum
- **birth date**: 9 April 1883
- **birth place**: Dehra Dun, British Raj, British India
- **death place**: Kabul, Kingdom of Afghanistan, Afghanistan
- **place of burial**: King Nadir Shah Mausoleum
- **religion**: Sunni Islam
Penny (United States coin)

The **United States one-cent coin**, also called the **penny**, is a unit of currency. It equals one one hundredth of a United States dollar. The cent's symbol is **¢**. Its front has shown the profile of President Abraham Lincoln since 1909, 100 years after his birth. Its back has shown the Union Shield since 2010. In 2025, pennies stopped being made for the general public, but pennies remain legal tender and are still made for collectors.

The official name for this coin from the United States Mint is "cent".

## Toxicity

Zinc is a main part of U.S. pennies minted after 1982, and is toxic. Swallowing a penny, which is almost fully made of zinc, can cause damage to the stomach lining. Coins are the most common eaten object in children, but are generally allowed to pass, unless the patient shows symptoms. Zinc toxicity is commonly fatal in dogs, where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia.
Dietrich von Choltitz

**Dietrich Hugo Hermann von Choltitz** (9 November 1894 – 5 November 1966) was an officer of the German Army in World War II. Choltitz was born in Gräflich Wiese (now Łąka Prudnicka) next to Neustadt (now Prudnik).

He participated in occupation of Sudetenland in 1938 and in the invasion of Poland in 1939.

On 7 August 1944 he became the military governor of Paris. On 25 August he surrendered Paris to the Allies.

He has been called the "**Saviour of Paris**" because he prevented its destruction. Choltitz said he defied Hitler's direct order for its destruction because it was militarily useless. Other reasons were his affection for Parisian history and culture, and his belief that Hitler had become insane.

Choltitz died on 5 November 1966 in Baden-Baden.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Dietrich Hugo Hermann von Choltitz
- **born**: 9 November 1894
- **died**: 5 November 1966
- **placeofbirth**: Łąka Prudnicka, German Empire
- **placeofdeath**: Baden-Baden, West Germany
- **image**: Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2003-1112-500, Dietrich v. Choltitz-2.png
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Von Choltitz in 1940
- **allegiance**: German Empire (to 1918)
 Weimar Republic (to 1933)
 Nazi Germany (from 1933)
- **serviceyears**: 1907–1945
- **rank**: General
- **commands**: LXXVI Panzer Corps
11th Panzer Division
- **battles**: World War I

* Western Front
World War II

* German invasions
** Poland (1939)
** Netherlands (1940)
** Soviet Union (1941)
* Eastern Front
** Siege of Sevastopol (1941)
** Battle of Kursk (1943)
* Italian Campaign
** Battle of Anzio (1944)
* Western Front
** Battle of Normandy (1944)
** Liberation of Paris (1944)
Schlierbach, Haut-Rhin

**Schlierbach** is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Schlierbach
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Schlierbach, Mairie.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Schlierbach
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Schlierbach.svg
- **arrondissement**: Mulhouse
- **canton**: Brunstatt
- **insee**: 68301
- **postal code**: 68440
- **mayor**: Gérard Bruetschy
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Sierentz
- **elevation m**: 260
- **elevation min m**: 244
- **elevation max m**: 346
- **area km2**: 11.8
- **population**: 1085
- **population date**: 2006
Schlierbach

**Schlierbach** can mean:
- Schlierbach (Göppingen), a community in the district of Göppingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Schlierbach, Haut-Rhin, commune in France
- Schlierbach, Switzerland, a municipality in the canton of Lucerne
- Schlierbach, Austria, a municipality in Upper Austria
Schweighouse-Thann

**Schweighouse-Thann** is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Schweighouse-Thann
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: SchweighouseThann.jpg
- **caption**: A general view of Schweighouse-Thann
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Schweighouse-Thann (68).svg
- **arrondissement**: Thann-Guebwiller
- **canton**: Cernay
- **insee**: 68302
- **postal code**: 68520
- **mayor**: Georges Imhoff
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Thann
- **elevation m**: 380
- **elevation min m**: 271
- **elevation max m**: 329
- **area km2**: 10.78
- **population**: 730
- **population date**: 2006
Schwoben

**Schwoben** is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Schwoben
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Schwoben, Mairie.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Schwoben
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Schwoben (68).svg
- **arrondissement**: Altkirch
- **canton**: Altkirch
- **insee**: 68303
- **postal code**: 68130
- **mayor**: Michel Habermacher
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Vallée de Hundsbach
- **elevation m**: 300
- **elevation min m**: 296
- **elevation max m**: 403
- **area km2**: 2.38
- **population**: 277
- **population date**: 2006
Sentheim

**Sentheim** is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Sentheim
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Sentheim, Mairie.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall of Sentheim
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Sentheim (68).svg
- **arrondissement**: Thann-Guebwiller
- **canton**: Masevaux
- **insee**: 68304
- **postal code**: 68780
- **mayor**: Guy Jordy
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Vallée de la Doller et du Soultzbach
- **elevation m**: 360
- **elevation min m**: 343
- **elevation max m**: 456
- **area km2**: 6.18
- **population**: 1495
- **population date**: 2006
Spechbach, Haut-Rhin

**Spechbach** is a new commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Two communes Spechbach-le-Haut and Spechbach-le-Bas joined and became Spechbach on 1 January 2016.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Spechbach
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de Spechbach (Haut-Rhin).svg
- **image**: Spechbach-le-Haut, Mairie.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Spechbach
- **arrondissement**: Altkirch
- **canton**: Altkirch
- **insee**: 68320
- **postal code**: 68720
- **term**: 2015-2020
- **area km2**: 8.06
- **population**: 1352
- **population date**: 2012
Spechbach-le-Haut

**Spechbach-le-Haut** was a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. On 1 January 2016, it became part of the new commune Spechbach.
Spechbach-le-Bas

**Spechbach-le-Bas** was a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. On 1 January 2016, it became part of the new commune Spechbach.
Seppois-le-Bas

**Seppois-le-Bas** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Seppois-le-Bas
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Seppois-le-Bas, Eglise Saint-Maurice.jpg
- **caption**: The church of Saint-Maurice at Seppois-le-Bas
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Seppois-le-Bas (68).svg
- **arrondissement**: Altkirch
- **canton**: Masevaux
- **insee**: 68305
- **postal code**: 68580
- **mayor**: Francis Demuth
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Vallée de la Largue
- **elevation m**: 385
- **elevation min m**: 365
- **elevation max m**: 440
- **area km2**: 6.73
- **population**: 1075
- **population date**: 2006
Seppois-le-Haut

**Seppois-le-Haut** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Seppois-le-Haut
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Seppois-le-Haut, Mairie.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Seppois-le-Haut
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Seppois-le-Haut (68).svg
- **arrondissement**: Altkirch
- **canton**: Masevaux
- **insee**: 68306
- **postal code**: 68580
- **mayor**: Maxime Koeberle
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Canton of Hirsingue
- **elevation m**: 390
- **elevation min m**: 379
- **elevation max m**: 432
- **area km2**: 6.27
- **population**: 527
- **population date**: 2006
Sewen

**Sewen** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Sickert, Haut-Rhin

**Sickert** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

## References

- INSEE commune file

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Sickert
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Sickert, Mairie-école.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall and school at Sickert
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Sickert (68).svg
- **arrondissement**: Thann-Guebwiller
- **canton**: Masevaux
- **insee**: 68308
- **postal code**: 68290
- **mayor**: Roger Gaugler
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Vallée de la Doller et du Soultzbach
- **elevation m**: 425
- **elevation min m**: 409
- **elevation max m**: 900
- **area km2**: 5.12
- **population**: 334
- **population date**: 2006
Sierentz

**Sierentz** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. It is halfway between Mulhouse and Basel.
Steinbach, Haut-Rhin

**Steinbach** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Steinbach
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Steinbach, Mairie-école.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall and school at Steinbach
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Steinbach (68).svg
- **arrondissement**: Thann-Guebwiller
- **canton**: Cernay
- **insee**: 68322
- **postal code**: 68700
- **mayor**: Pierre Hanss
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Cernay et environs
- **elevation m**: 360
- **elevation min m**: 309
- **elevation max m**: 922
- **area km2**: 6.09
- **population**: 1340
- **population date**: 2006
Soppe-le-Bas

**Soppe-le-Bas** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Soppe-le-Bas
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Soppe-le-Bas, Mairie.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall at Soppe-le-Bas
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Soppe-le-Bas (68).svg
- **arrondissement**: Thann-Guebwiller
- **canton**: Masevaux
- **insee**: 68313
- **postal code**: 68780
- **mayor**: Francis Guttig
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Vallée de la Doller et du Soultzbach
- **elevation m**: 320
- **elevation min m**: 297
- **elevation max m**: 380
- **area km2**: 5.68
- **population**: 746
- **population date**: 2006
Zimmerbach

**Zimmerbach** is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.
Dierks, Arkansas

**Dierks** is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
De Graff, Minnesota

**De Graff** is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota.
Peter Popoff

**Peter Popoff** (born July 2, 1946) is a German-born/American televangelist. He was exposed in 1986 for using an earpiece to receive radio messages from his wife Elizabeth. She gave him the names, addresses and ailments of members of the audience during Popoff-led religious services. Popoff falsely said God revealed the information to him so he could cure them by faith healing.

Popoff went bankrupt in 1987. But he made a comeback in the late 1990s. Beginning around the mid-2000s, he bought television time to promote "Miracle Spring Water" on late-night infomercials. He referred to himself as a prophet. The _Business Insider_ said: "No matter how many times his claims are debunked, he seems to bounce back with another version of the same old scam."

Popoff was born in West Berlin, Germany. He was raised in California.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Peter Popoff
- **birth name**: Peter George Popoff
- **birth place**: West Berlin, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany
- **occupation**: Televangelist
- **years active**: 1977–present
- **spouse**: Elizabeth Popoff (1970–present)
- **children**: Amy Cardiff, Nickolas Popoff, Alex Popoff
Yakovlev Yak-1

**Yakovlev Yak-1** (Russian: Яковлев Як-1) was a Soviet WWII 1-seat fighter produced by Yakovlev.
Yakovlev Yak-7

**Yakovlev Yak-7** (Russian: Яковлев Як-7) was a Soviet WWII 1-seat fighter developed by Yakovlev

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: Yak-7 (UTI-26)
- **image**: File:Jakowkew_Jak-7.JPG
- **caption**: Yak-7B/M-105PA serial N°22-03 (3rd production batch, 22nd aircraft) during its trials at the NII VVS.


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Fighter, Trainer (aircraft), trainer
- **manufacturer**: Yakovlev
- **designer**: Alexander Sergeevich Yakovlev
- **first flight**: 23 July 1940
- **introduced**: 1942
- **status**: Retired
- **primary user**: Soviet Air Force
- **produced**: 6,399
- **developed from**: Yakovlev Yak-1, Yak-1
Yakovlev Yak-52

**Yakovlev Yak-52** (Russian: Яковлев Як-52) is a Soviet 2-seat trainer aircraft designed by Yakovlev.
Lawrence Roberts

**Lawrence G. Roberts** (December 21, 1937 – December 26, 2018) was an American scientist. He won the Draper Prize in 2001 "for the development of the Internet", and the Principe de Asturias Award in 2002.

Roberts created the ARPANET using packet switching techniques invented by British computer scientist Donald Davies. The ARPANET was a forerunner to the modern Internet.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Lawrence Gilman Roberts
- **image**: Larry Roberts.jpg
- **caption**: Roberts in 2017
- **birth place**: Connecticut, United States
- **death place**: Redwood City, California
- **workplaces**: Lincoln Lab, DARPA, ARPA, Telenet
- **alma mater**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- **known for**: Founding father of the Internet
- **influences**: J. C. R. Licklider, Ivan Sutherland
Elsa Bruckmann

**Elsa Bruckmann** (23 February 1865 – 7 June 1946), born **Princess Cantacuzene** of Romania, was the wife of Hugo Bruckmann and tutor of Adolf Hitler. She held the "Salon Bruckmann".
Tupolev Tu-16

**Tupolev Tu-16** (Russian: Туполев Ту-16; NATO reporting name: **Badger**) was a Soviet twin-engine heavy bomber designed by Tupolev. It has stayed in service for almost 70 years, and the Xian H-6, which is based on the Tu-16, is still flying today with the People's Liberation Army.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: Tu-16
- **image**: File:Tu-16 Badger E.jpg
- **caption**: Tu-16R "Badger-E" (1985)


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Strategic bomber
- **manufacturer**: Voronezh Aircraft Production Association
- **designer**: Tupolev
- **first flight**: 27 April 1952
- **introduced**: 1954
- **retired**: 1993 (in former Soviet Union nations)
- **number built**: 1,509
- **primary user**: Soviet Air Force
- **more users**: Egyptian Air Force
Iraqi Air Force
Indonesian Air Force
- **variants with their own articles**: Tupolev Tu-104
Tupolev Tu-124
Xian H-6
Tupolev Tu-14

**Tupolev Tu-14** (Russian: Туполев Ту-14; NATO reprting name: **Bosun**) was a Soviet twin-engine light bomber designed by Tupolev.
Polikarpov Po-2

**Polikarpov Po-2** (Russian: Поликарпов По-2; NATO reporting name: **Mule**) was a Soviet 2-seat utility plane designed by Polikarpov.
Antonov An-8

**Antonov An-8** (Russian: Антонов Ан-8; NATO reporting name: **Camp**) was a Soviet twin-turboprop, high-wing aircraft designed by Antonov.

## Infobox (aircraft begin)

- **name**: An-8
- **image**: File:Aeroflot Antonov An-8 Osta.jpg
- **caption**: An-8 of Aeroflot in 1992


## Infobox (aircraft type)

- **type**: Military transport aircraft
- **manufacturer**: Antonov
- **designer**: A. Ye. Belolipetskiy
- **first flight**: 11 February 1956
- **retired**: 2004
- **number built**: Approx 151
- **status**: Airworthiness certificate/support withdrawn.
- **primary user**: Soviet Air Force
- **more users**: Aeroflot
Cooking Papa

is _seinen_ manga series created by Tochi Ueyama. The story is about a salaryman who can cook well. The manga won a Special Award at the 39th Kodansha Manga Awards. Full recipes for the dishes shown in each chapter are provided at the end of the chapter.

The anime of _Cooking Papa_ was aired on TV Asahi Thursday every week from April 9, 1992 to May 25, 1995. It was produced by Eiken and directed by Tochi Ueyama. The anime series ran for 151 episodes. It was also aired in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Middle East.

## Infobox (animanga/header)

- **ja kanji**: クッキングパパ
- **ja romaji**: Kukkingu Papa


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: manga
- **author**: Tochi Ueyama
- **publisher**: Kodansha
- **demographic**: _Seinen manga, Seinen_
- **magazine**: Weekly Morning
- **first**: 1985
- **volumes**: 147


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: tv series
- **director**: Toshitaka Tsunoda
- **writer**: Hiroyuki Hoshiyama
Shun'ichi Yukimuro
- **music**: Toshihiko Sahashi
- **studio**: Eiken (studio), Eiken
- **network**: TV Asahi
- **first**: April 9, 1992
- **last**: May 25, 1995
- **episodes**: 151


## Infobox (animanga/footer)
Kiwano

**Kiwano** (_Cucumis metuliferus_), also known as **horned melon**, is a sweet tropical fruit. It is an annual vine in the cucumber and melon family, _Cucurbitaceae_. It is also called "horned melon" since its fruit has horn-like spines. When ripe, the fruit has orange skin and lime green, jelly-like flesh. Kiwano is native to Sub-Saharan Africa. It is now grown in the United States, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Chile, Australia, and New Zealand.

Kiwano is a traditional food plant in Africa. Along with the Gemsbok cucumber (_Acanthosicyos naudinianus_) and Tsamma (_Citron melon_), it is one of the few sources of water during the dry season in the Kalahari Desert. In northern Zimbabwe, it is called _gaka_ or _gakachika_. There it is primarily used as a snack or salad, and rarely for decoration.
Hachimaki

A ***hachimaki*** (鉢巻, "helmet scarf") is a headband with styles that came from Japan. They are usually made from red and white cloth. People wear them to show hard work, or to keep sweat from the eyes.

## History

Nobody is sure how hachimaki started. Most people say that Samurai wore them under their helmets for comfort.

Kamikaze pilots wore them before flying to their deaths.

## Styles

Hachimaki are normally decorated with words, such as "_Nippon Ichi_" (日本一, "the best of Japan"), and with the rising sun between the kanji characters.
Sembawang MRT station

**Sembawang MRT station** (**NS11**) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Sembawang, Singapore.

The station is in the middle of two roads, Sembawang Way and Sembawang Alley. The station is next to a shopping mall Sun Plaza. A bus station called Sembawang Bus Interchange is also close to the station.

## History

When the North South Line is planned, there is a station called Sembawang. It is between two other stations - Yio Chu Kang and Yishun. The station is now named Khatib.

In 1990, North South Line Woodlands Extension was planed. Sembawang was not part of this planned route. Later, the Singapore government agree to built this station . The station opened on 10 February 1996. The area around the station was not yet filled with anything. Only Canberra Road and a very small Sembawang New Town are located nearby.

There are a lot of passengers who fell down into the tracks of the Station. Some passengers also go into the tracks illegally. In 2011, the Land Transport Authority started to build low doors and barriers around the tracks. They were completed in 2012.

This station also have high-volume low-speed fans installed in 2012.

## References

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## Infobox (station)

- **type**: Rapid transit
- **image**: NS11 Sembawang MRT Station Exterior 202412.jpg
- **image caption**: Sembawang MRT station Exterior
- **address**: 11 Canberra Road
Singapore 759775
- **other**: Sembawang Bus Interchange, Taxi
- **structure**: Elevated
- **platform**: 2 (1 island platform)
- **levels**: 1
- **tracks**: 2
- **parking**: Yes (Sun Plaza, Singapore, Sun Plaza)
- **electrified**: Yes
- **ada**: Yes
- **operator**: SMRT Trains (SMRT Corporation)
Hard copy and soft copy

The words "**hard copy**" and "**soft copy**" are about pages of words and pictures either recorded onto printed paper or in soft-copy form as shown and spoken in telephone or computer machine forms. Sometimes, a recording on a compact disc (CD) can be considered a hard copy of music, pictures or people talking.

## In the U.S.

In information handling, the U.S. Federal Standard 1037C (Glossary of Telecommunication Terms) defines a "hard copy" as a permanent reproduction, or copy, in the form of a physical object, of any media suitable for direct use by a person (in particular paper), of displayed or transmitted data. Examples of hard copy include teleprinter pages, continuous printed tapes, computer printouts, and radio photo prints. On the other hand, physical objects such as magnetic tapes,  diskettes, or non-printed punched paper tapes are not defined as hard copy by 1037C.

A file which can be viewed on a screen without printing it out is known as a "soft copy". The U.S. Federal Standard 1037C defines "soft copy" as  "a nonpermanent display image, for example, a cathode ray tube display."

## Older meanings

The term "hard copy" predates the age of the digital computer.  When making printed books and newspapers, hard copy refers to a manuscript or typewritten pages that have been edited and proofread and is ready for typesetting or being read on-air on the radio or television broadcast.  This traditional meaning has been all but forgotten in the time of the information revolution.