juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sutlej

The **Sutlej River** (sometimes spelled **Satluj River**) is a branch of the Indus River. It is the longest of the five major rivers that flow through the region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan. It is north of the Vindhya Range, south of the Hindu Kush, and east of the Central Makran range in Pakistan.

It is the easternmost branch of the Indus River. The source of the river is at Lake Rakshastal in Tibet, near Mount Kailas. It flows generally west and southwest through the region of Punjab. The region to its south and east is dry, and is known as the Thar Desert.

## Name

In Punjabi, the river's name is written . In Sanskrit, it is  → . In Urdu, it is written , and .

In the _Mahabharata_, the river is named the **Satadree**. It is also known as the Red River.

## Tributaries

The Beas River () is  the second easternmost of the rivers of the Punjab region. The river rises in the Himalayas in central  Himachal Pradesh, India, and flows for some 290 miles (470 km) to the Sutlej River in the west of the Indian Punjab state.

## Indus Water Treaty

The waters of the Beas and Sutlej rivers as well as of the Ravi River are allocated to India under the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan.
Zhob River

**Zhob River** () is in Balochistan, Pakistan. The meltwater from the Sulaiman Mountains forms Zhob River. The river flows through Balochistan and drains into the Gomal River near Khajuri Kachadd. Zhob city is on the banks of Zhob river.
Hunza River

**Hunza River** () is the main river in Hunza, in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It is formed by the confluence (joining) of the Khunjerab River, Gujerab River, Misgar River, Chapursan River and Shimshal River. These rivers are fed by glaciers.

After flowing to south to Nagar it turns to west. From Chalit it again takes a turn to the south. Flowing through Nomal Valley, it reaches Gilgit city and empties out into Gilgit River. It joins the Gilgit River with the Naltar River. Later it flows into the Indus River.

## Tributaries

- The **Hispar River** forms from the melt water of the Hispar Glacier - a 49 kilometer-long glacier in the Northern Areas of Pakistan's Karakoram Mountains. The Hispar Glacier and river both flow northwest, passing through Hispar, Hopar and Nagar (Nagir) villages until the confluence with the Hunza River in the Hunza Valley. Road conditions are spectacular at best, treacherous at worst.
- The **Khunjerab River** begins in the snow clad mountains and glaciers in the north and south of Khunjerab pass. The river flows to the west then turns southward. It ends when it flows into the Hunza River.
    - The **Chapursan River** begins in the area of the Chilanji pass and the slopes of Kampiri Diwar peak. It flows to the east and joins Khunjerab River near Khuda Abad.
    - The **Gujerab River** starts from small glaciers and snow-topped mountains of the Gujerab range, and flows to the west and later joins Khunjerab River.
    - The **Misgar River** begins in the slopes of the mountains between Mintaka and the Kilik pass on the northern boundary of Gilgit. It flows to the south east and ends when it empties into the Khunjerab River.
    - The **Shimshal River** begins in the Shimshal pass from Virjirab and other glaciers. This is in the north eastern region of the Gilgit Agency. It flows to the west and after reaching Passu it joins the Khunjerab River. Later the Khunjerab River joins the Hunza River.

## Related pages

- List of rivers of Pakistan
Kabul River

**Kabul River, or Kabal River** (), is a river that rises in the Sanglakh Range in Afghanistan, separated from the watershed of the Helmand by the Unai Pass. It is the main river in the eastern part of Afghanistan. It flows 700 km before joining the Indus River near Attock. It passes through the cities of Kabul, Chaharbagh, Jalalabad, and (flowing into Pakistan some 30 km north of the Khyber Pass) Nowshera. The major tributaries of the Kabul River are the Logar, Panjshir, Kunar and Alingar and Bara rivers.

## Tributaries

The Kabul river itself is little more than a trickle for most of the year, but swells in summer due to melting snows. Its largest tributary is the Kunar River, which starts out as the Mastuj River, flowing from the Chiantar glacier in Chitral, Pakistan and once it flows south into Afghanistan it is met by the Bashgal river flowing from Nurestan. The Kunar meets the Kabul near Jalalabad. In spite of the Kunar carrying more water than the Kabul, the river continues as the Kabul River after this confluence, mainly for the political and historical significance of the name.
It is also called Sardryab near Distt: Charsadda where it provides a fine avenue for recreation and refreshment. Sardryab is famous for its fishing annd having a worthy fish economy.

- The **Swat River** () flows from the Hindukush Mountains through the Kalam Valley into the Kabul River in the Peshawar valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
    - The **Panjkora River** rises rises high in the Hindu Kush at lat. 35.45 and joins the Swat River near Chakdara, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Its name is derived from the Persian for 'panj' (meaning 'five') and 'kora' (meaning 'river').

## Related pages

- List of rivers of Pakistan
Kunar River

The **Kunar River** (Kunar Rud) is about 480 km long. It is in eastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. The Kunar river system is fed from melting glaciers and snow of the Hindu Kush mountains. The Lutkho River joins the Mastuj River just north of the important regional centre of Chitral in Pakistan and is then called the Chitral River, before flowing south into the upper Kunar Valley in Afghanistan, where it is referred to as the Kunar River.

The Kunar River empties into the Kabul River just to the east of the city of Jalalabad in Afghanistan. The combined rivers then flow eastwards into Pakistan. Then it becomes known as the **Chitral River**, joining the Indus River at the city of Attock.

## Tributaries

The **Peche River** is in Afghanistan. The Peche river system is fed from glaciers and snow. It includes the Kunar River, which rises in Nuristan province of Afghanistan, and the main Kunar River, which rises in the eastern Pamir Mountains before flowing through Chitral in Pakistan into the upper Kunar Valley in Afghanistan.

## Related pages

- List of rivers of Pakistan
Rupal River

The **Rupal River** is an east-west glacial stream rising from the meltwater of the Rupal Glacier in northern Pakistan. The stream flows through the Rupal Valley, south of Nanga Parbat, before turning northeast to the village of Tarashing. The Rupal drains into the Astore River, which eventually reaches the Indus River near Jaglot.
Soan River

The **Soan River** () is a river in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the most important stream of the Pothohar region, draining much of the water of the Pothohar (Pothwar) Plateau. It also forms the northern border of Bannu District. The Soan River flows through many cities like Rawalpindi, Attock, and Jehlum.

The river starts near a small village in the foothills of Patriata and Murree. Its origin is the southwestern range of Murree Hills. It provides water to Simblee Dam, which is a reservoir of water for Islamabad. Near Pharwala Fort it cuts through a high mountain range. The place is called Swan Cut, also known as the Soan Cut. No stream can cut such a high mountain. It proves the Swaan was there before the formation of this range. And when the mountain rose through millions of years, the stream continued its path by cutting the rising mountain. Ling Stream, following a relatively long course though Lehtrar and Kahuta falls in the Swaan near Sihala. The Soan (also known as Swan or Swaan) also flows through the Pothwar (or Pothohar) Plateau, situated to the south of Islamabad, between the two rivers of Indus and Jehlum.

Islamabad Highway crosses this stream near Sihala where famous bridge Cock Pull is constructed over it. Another famous, Lai stream joins this stream near Swaan Camp. After flowing a long path and creating a big curve, the stream reaches Kalabagh where it falls into the Indus River. Finally, the Indus River flows into the Arabian Sea. This relatively small stream is more than 250 kilometers long. Due to its mountainous course and shallow bed, it is hardly used for irrigation purposes. Fishing is not possible in this stream as a profession. Rohu is the main species of fish in this stream. Kingfisher birds hunt here too.
A Perfect Circle

**A Perfect Circle**, often called **APC** by fans, is an alternative rock band. It was put together by guitarist Billy Howerdel and Tool lead singer Maynard James Keenan.

The band is made of Jeordie White - the bass player for Marilyn Manson, James Iha - who played guitar for The Smashing Pumpkins, and Josh Freese, who used to go on tour and play drums with Nine Inch Nails.

The band members still keep busy with other projects. On September 17, 2009, Keenan confirmed that new material from A Perfect Circle was on the way during a live radio interview with BJ Shea on Seattle rock station KISW. That album was released in 2018 by the title "Eat the elephant" and can be found on spotify.

The band's biggest hits have been "Judith", "Weak and Powerless", and "The Outsider". They have released the albums _Mer De Noms_, _Thirteenth Step_, and _Emotive_.

As of 2022 the band is still touring, the next performance is on the 23rd of June 2022 at the Gothic theatre in Englewood.

## Other websites

- A Perfect Circle.com – official website
- Interview with Billy Howerdel  - at College Crier

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: A Perfect Circle
- **image**: A Perfect Circle Lollapalooza Chile 2013.jpg
- **caption**: A Perfect Circle in 2013
- **image size**: 280px
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: APC
- **origin**: Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, California, United States, USA
- **genre**: Alternative rock
Alternative metal
- **years active**: 1999–present
- **label**: EMI, Virgin Records, Virgin
- **associated acts**: Ashes Divide, Marilyn Manson (band), Marilyn Manson, Nine Inch Nails, Primus (band), Primus,  Puscifer, The Smashing Pumpkins, Tapeworm (band), Tapeworm, Tool (band), Tool
- **url**: [http://www.aperfectcircle.com/ www.aperfectcircle.com]
- **current members**: Maynard James Keenan
Billy Howerdel
Josh Freese
James Iha
Jeordie White
- **past members**: Paz Lenchantin
Troy Van Leeuwen
Tim Alexander
Danny Lohner
UNetbootin

**UNetbootin** (Universal Netboot Installer) is a cross-platform utility that can create Linux Live USB drives and can load a variety of system utilities or install various Linux distributions and other operating systems without a CD.

## Development

UNetbootin is an open-source software project.  It has 130,000+ weekly downloads.

For Windows, Mac OS X and Linux systems, UNetbootin may make it possible to do without the hard drive.

## Packages

UNetbootin is part of many official software package repositories, including Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Gentoo Linux, and others.

## Related pages

- List of tools to create Live USB systems

## Further reading

- Biersdorfer, J.D. (2009). "UNetbootin" at _NetBooks: The Missing Manual._ Sebastopol, California: O'Reilly Media. ; OCLC 435462743
- Ciampa, Mark. (2011). "UNetbootin" at _Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals._ Boston, Massachusetts: Course Technology. ; OCLC 707969716

## Other websites

- UNetbootin Official Website
- UNetbootin Official Wiki
- UNetbootin Launchpad Development Page

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: UNetbootin
- **screenshot**: Unetbootin on Ubuntu.png
- **caption**: UNetbootin on Ubuntu
- **author**: Geza Kovacs
- **latest release version**: release 243
- **operating system**: Microsoft Windows, Windows, Linux
- **status**: Size 2.9 M
- **genre**: Linux installer
- **license**: GNU General Public License
- **website**: [http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/ unetbootin.sourceforge.net]
Live USB system creator

The **Live USB system creator** is to tool designed to create Live USBs of Ubuntu from a running Ubuntu Live CD

## Features

- Detects available USB flash drives (using HAL)
- Partitions USB flash drive with 1 partition
- Sets partition bootable
- Writes MBR to USB flash drive
- Formats partition FAT32
- Installs bootloader (syslinux) to partition
- Writes bootloader configuration file
- Copies necessary files from running Live CD to USB flash drive
- Sets language and keyboard of USB Live system to match running Live CD
- Optionally: Downloads and integrates Adobe Flash Player
- Optionally: Enables persistent /home (Ubuntu 8.10 and later only)

## Related pages

- List of tools to create Live USB systems
- Ubuntu Live USB creator

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Live USB system creator
- **screenshot**: Live USB system creator.png
- **caption**: Live USB system creator
- **author**: Simon Peter
- **latest preview version**: 0.1.0
- **operating system**: Ubuntu
- **license**: open source
- **website**: http://klik.atekon.de/liveusb/
Fedora Live USB creator

The **Fedora Live USB creator** is an official tool designed to create Live USBs of Fedora.

## Features

- Cross-platform (available for Windows and Linux)
- Non-destructive install (does not format the device)
- Supports various Fedora releases, including Fedora 19
- Automatically detects all removable devices
- Persistent storage creation, to save all documents created and modifications made to the system (only works with Fedora 9)
- SHA1 checksum verification of known releases, to ensure that there is no corruption when downloading

## Related pages

- List of tools to create Live USB systems

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Fedora Live USB creator
- **screenshot**: Fedora media writer v4.1.0.png
- **caption**: Fedora Live USB Creator
- **latest release version**: 2.7
- **operating system**: cross-platform
(Windows and Linux)
- **license**: open source
- **website**: https://fedorahosted.org/liveusb-creator
University of Texas at Arlington

The **University of Texas at Arlington** is a public university in Arlington, Texas.  About 25,000 students are enrolled (currently taking classes).  It was founded in 1895.

## Other websites

- The University of Texas at Arlington
8 Eyes

***8 Eyes*** is a 1988 video game created by Thinking Rabbit for the Nintendo Entertainment System.  The game has eight levels in it, and can be played by one or two players.  In the game, a soundtrack, composed by Kenzou Kumei, had three songs for each of the eight levels, each set in a different part of the world.  It has almost the same gameplay and graphics to _Castlevania_.  The name of the main character of the game is Orin, and he looks like Simon Belmont from the Castlevania games.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: 8 Eyes
- **developer**: Thinking Rabbit
- **genre**: Platform game
- **modes**: Single-player, Cooperative multiplayer game, multiplayer
- **platforms**: Nintendo Entertainment System, NES
Palos Verdes

**Palos Verdes** is often used to refer to a group of coastal cities on the **Palos Verdes Peninsula** in the Los Angeles/South Bay area of California.

Palos Verdes Estates, Rancho Palos Verdes, Rolling Hills, and Rolling Hills Estates are the larger cities in the area.

## History

The peninsula was originally inhabited by Native Americans belonging to the Tongva (sometimes referred to as "Gabrielino") tribe, and first described in 1542 by Portuguese explorer Juan Cabrillo.

## Schools

The Palos Verdes Peninsula Unified School District has one of the highest rated API scores in California
, and has one of the highest average SAT scores  and one of the highest percentage of students successfully completing the advanced placement exams  in the county.

## Trivia

Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean films were partly photographed on and off the coast of Palos Verdes Peninsula. A tent city for production was constructed in the Redondo Beach Marina. The Black Pearl and several production vessels were seen on the waters daily as were helicopters filming for overhead shots.

The name "Palos Verdes" is Spanish for _green sticks_.

## Notable residents

- George Takei - actor, famous as Hikaru Sulu from _Star Trek_
- Chuck Norris - Walker, Texas Ranger, owns several properties in the region
- Christopher Boyce and Andrew Daulton Lee - who sold U.S. secrets to the Soviets and were portrayed in the book and movie _The Falcon and the Snowman_
- Body Glove - co-founder Bob Meistrell, who invented the first "practical" wet suit
- John Tu Billionaire
- Pete Caroll - USC Head Football Coach
- Gary Wright - Musician
- Angelyne - Billboard model
- Michael Dudikoff - Actor
- Scott Shaw - Author, actor and filmmaker
- Sasha Vujacic and Elden Campbell - Former pro basketball players
- Deepak Chopra - Writer

## Other websites

- History of Palos Verdes
- Palos Verdes Chamber of Commerce
- Welcome to Palos Verdes California
- Marymount College
- Palos Verdes Library District
P.U.N.K.S.

***P.U.N.K.S.*** is a 1999 movie. It stars Jessica Alba, Randy Quaid, and Henry Winkler.
Federal Information Processing Standards

**Federal Information Processing Standards** (**FIPS**) are standards made by the Federal government of the United States for non-military government agencies and by government contractors to use, and they are announced to the public.

Many FIPS standards are modified versions of standards used in the wider community (ANSI, IEEE, ISO, etc.)

## Standard Publications

Some FIPS standards were originally developed by the U.S. government. For instance, standards for encoding data (e.g. country codes), but more significantly some encryption standards, such as the Data Encryption Standard (FIPS 46 ) and the Advanced Encryption Standard (FIPS 197 ).

## Other websites

- FIPS homepage
- FIPS resource center
- Computer Security Division
Maggot

A **maggot** is the common name of the larval phase of development in insects of the order Diptera (flies). Sometimes, the word is used to describe the larval stage of any insect.

## Parasitic Maggots

While large maggots only eat necrotic tissue in living animals and can be symbiotic, certain types of maggots are parasitic, like the Botfly larvae. These larvae spend part of their life cycle as parasites under the skin of living animals. As a result myiasis will take place in the host causing symptoms like sores and irritating lesions and even death.

## Other websites

- Maggot vending machines in the UK
- Maggot Therapy Project  - Website at the University of California, Irvine, list of maggot therapy practitioners
- suppliers of Medical Maggots (disinfected Phaenicia sericata larvae), picture of Medical Maggots vial
- BioTherapeutics Education and Research Foundation
- Get rid of Maggots - Website with visitors' input on getting rid of maggots
- Biotherapy with leeches and maggots

## Related pages

- Flies
Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom

**Princess Beatrice** (Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore; 14 April 1857 – 26 October 1944) was the fifth daughter and youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Beatrice married Prince Henry of Battenberg, the son of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine and Julia von Hauke and brother-in-law of her niece Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine on the Isle of Wight on July 23, 1885. They had four children together named Alexander, Victoria, Leopold and Maurice.

Her husband Prince Henry died in 1896 of malaria while fighting in the Anglo-Asante War. Beatrice remained at her mother's side until her death in 1901. She died aged in 1944, at the age of 87.

## Other websites

- Isle of Wight Beacon on Princess Beatrice
- Information about Queen Victoria's journals
- Regiments page on Princess Beatrice

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Princess Beatrice
- **title**: Princess Beatrice of Battenberg
- **image**: Princess Beatrice 1886.jpg
- **caption**: Princess Beatrice in 1886
- **alt**: Photo of Princess Beatrice aged 29
- **full name**: Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore
- **house**: House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (_until 1917_)
House of Windsor, Windsor (_from 1917_)
- **father**: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- **mother**: Queen Victoria
- **birth place**: Buckingham Palace, London, England
- **death place**: Brantridge Park, Sussex, England
- **burial date**: 3 November 1944
- **burial place**: St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Windsor
27 August 1945
St. Mildred's Church, Whippingham
- **signature**: Princess Beatrice's signature.svg
Xbox Network

**Xbox Network** (formerly known as Xbox LIVE) is the online gaming service created by Microsoft for the Xbox, Xbox 360, Xbox One and Xbox Series S/X. It costs about $50 USD per year (in America) and has over 31 million subscribers as of 2013. There are two versions of Xbox Live; Xbox Game Pass Core (formerly Gold) and Free. Free allows an online 'friends list' and downloads, but does not allow users to play games against other people online. Game Pass Core is the same as Free, but with the addition of online gaming and a free select library of games with a cost of $50/£40 a year. Subscribers can pay with a credit card or by special cards which are bought in shops and enter the codes online.

## Microsoft Points

Microsoft Points or MS points was the previous currency of Xbox Live. In 2013 they changed it to actual currency such as Dollars or Euros. On Xbox Live you can buy many things ranging from movies to games to DLC. You can buy full games on Xbox 360 and Xbox One or Xbox Live Arcade games.

## Other websites

The Unofficial Guide To Live, The most popular independent Xbox Live support website for all things Xbox Live (NAT, IP Address Failed, Wireless...)

## Infobox (video game online service)

- **title**: Xbox Network
- **logo**: File:Xbox.svg
- **developer**: Microsoft
- **type**: Online service
- **update**: 2024
- **status**: Active
- **released**: November 15, 2002
- **platform**: Xbox <small>(2002–2010)</small>
Xbox 360
 Xbox One
 Xbox Series X and Series S
 Windows XP to Windows 7 <small>(as Games for Windows – Live)</small>
Windows 8 onwards <small>(full integration)</small>
Windows Phone
- **members**: 120 million
Zanskar River

**Zanskar River** has two branches of origin. One of them takes birth in Ropshu area and flowing west-ward reaches Zanskar town; see Zanskar Gorge. The other branch is formed from the waters of the glaciers of central Zanskar and flowing south-east reaches Padam. From this place it turns to the north and collecting the waters of Khurna River empties into the Indus River. Another stream called Zora flowing to the north from the southern frontiers, also joins Zanskar river. It flows entirely within Ladakh, India.
Xbox Live Vision

|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"|Xbox Live Vision|
| --- | --- |
|colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"||
|Xbox 360||
|USB||
|USB 2.0||
|8.7 × 7 × 3 cm||
|640 × 480||

The **Xbox Live Vision** is a webcam designed for the Xbox 360 and Xbox Live.

## Overview

The camera can be used for video chat, personalized gamer pictures, in-game video chat, and still pictures. The camera features 640 × 480 video at 30 fps and is capable of taking still images at 1.3 megapixels. It allows for video chat and picture messages using an Xbox Live Gold Subscription with video effects along with in-game compatibility.

It also features three camera effects, in which the currently captured video image is overlaid on the dashboard background. The three effects are 'watery', 'edgy', and 'dotty'. The camera uses a standard USB 2.0 connection and is also Windows (XP and newer) and Mac OS X (v10.4.9 and newer) compatible.

The Xbox Live Vision Camera was announced at E3 2006 and released in North America on September 19, 2006, following a 1-month pre-launch period in which Toys "R" Us stores in New York City and Los Angeles sold them to build up hype. It was released in Europe and Asia on October 6, 2006, and November 2, 2006 in Japan.

## PC compatibility

The Vision Camera is compatible with Windows XP Service Pack 2 using USB 2.0 connection. It requires a microphone for audio when used on a PC. Drivers are not included with the Vision Camera–you must allow Windows to download them automatically when prompted.

If the Vision Camera is not working and appears as a device in "Universal Serial Bus Controllers" in Device Manager, try the following:

1. Go to Device Manager
1. Go to USB Controllers, select the camera, right click, and choose Update Driver
1. Choose "Install from Specific Location"
1. Choose "Don't Search"
1. Select USB Composite device

After a few seconds, the device will appear in "Imaging Devices."  In "USB Controllers" there will be an entry called "Microsoft Xbox 360 Live Vision Security Method 3."  This indicates the camera is installed and ready for use.

Mac OS X 10.4.9 added support for the USB "video class" group of peripherals, including Vision Camera. They work in iChat, Photo Booth and other applications that use Quicktime for video display, such as Skype. Connection over USB2 is also mandatory.

The Vision Camera is also compatible with Sony's PlayStation 3 (requires firmware 1.54).

## Other websites

- Xbox Live Vision , Xbox.com
- Xbox Live Membership levels explained on Xbox.com
- Using Xbox Live Vision with Windows

es:Xbox Live Vision
Trumpet Concerto (Arutiunian)

**Arutunian Trumpet Concerto** is Armenian composer Alexander Arutunian’s sixth major composition. It was written for the Soviet trumpet player Timofei Dokschitzer, who moved to the USA and represented the concerto there. According to J. Sundram, "it is an energetic powerhouse of Eastern European lyricism and harmonic textures". According to Philip Smith, the principal trumpet of the New York Philharmonic, Arutunian's Trumpet Concerto is too much popular among the trumpet players.

## Movements

Arutiunian's Trumpet Concerto consists of the following movements:

- Andante—Allegro energico
- Meno mosso
- Tempo I

## Discography

- Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. Bernar Sustro, trumpet. Philharmonic Orchestra "Des Pays de la Loire". Conductor: Mark Sustro. PierreVerani. PV. 78801. France, 1987
- Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. Timofey Dokshitser. The Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra. Conductor: Gennady Rozhdestvensky. TD - 950101- AT 2000. Bulgaria
- Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. Jucko Kharyane, trumpet. Symphony orchestra "Kuopio".
Conductor: Pekka Savidtsuki. Finland
- Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. (Cadence by A. Sandoval). Arturo Sandoval, trumpet.
The London Symphony orchestra. Conductor: Luis Has. RCA Victor 09026-62661-2. USA, 1994
- Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. (Arrangement for trumpet and wind orchestra by Roger Harvey). James Watson, trumpet. "The Black Dyke Mills" Orchestra. Conductor: Roger Harvey. Doy CD 036. USA, 1994
- Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. Bebe Black, trumpet. The Moscow Chamber Orchestra.
Conductor: Konstantin Orbelyan, Jr. CHAN 9668 England, 2000
- Concerto of trumpet and orchestra. Harry Lidsle, trumpet. The Oulu Symphony orchestra.
Conductor: Atso Almila. Mils 9651 Finland, 1996

### LP

- Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. Timofey Dokshitser, trumpet. The Orchestra of the Bolshoy Theatre. Conductor: Gennady Rojdestvenskiy. "Melodia"-Veb Deutsche Schall-platten, Berlin, DDR
S. VI-02273
- Concert for trumpet with orchestra. Same performance. "Melodia", Angel, SR-1-40149
- Concert for trumpet with orchestra. Same performance. "Melodia", C10-06785
- Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. Performer: Vatslav Yunek. Prague Symphony orchestra De l'Office de Radiodifffusion Television Francaise. Conductor: Moris Suzan. STU 70714 A, France .
- Concert for trumpet with orchestra. Same performance. STU 70915 B, France
- Concert for trumpet with orchestra. Same performance. Victor (vic-2015), Japan
- Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. S. Leonchik, trumpet. The Bolshoy Theatre Orchestra. Conductor: Boris Haykin. "Melodia", 33D-015506

## Other websites

- Arutunian Trumpet Concerto at YouTube
- Comparison between J. Haydn Trumpet Concerto in Eb and A. Arutiunian Trumpet Concerto in Ab
- Arutunian Trumpet Concerto at YouTube
Alexander Arutiunian

**Alexander Arutiunian** (born September 23, 1920, Yerevan; died March 28, 2012) was an Armenian composer and pianist, widely-known particularly for his Trumpet concerto. He was awarded by the State Prizes of USSR (1949) and Armenia (1970), People's Artist of the USSR (1970) and Armenian SSR (1964) honorary titles, "St Mesrop Mashtots" and "Khorenatsi" Armenian medals, "Alexandrov" Gold medal (1976), "St Sahak and St Mesrop" Order by Holy Etchmiadzin (2004).

He graduated from the Music Conservatory of Yerevan, then he studied composition with Genrikh Litinsky. After graduation he returned to Yerevan to teach at the local Conservatory and later he became artistic director of the Armenian Philarmonic Orchestra.

In 1948 he was awarded the USSR State Prize for the _Motherland_ cantata, a graduation piece he wrote as a student at the Moscow Conservatory. He has continued to win acclaim at home and abroad for his works, many of which are quickened by the folk traditions of Armenian music.

Some of Arutiunian's works for wind instruments, notably the 1950 concerto for trumpet, the concerto for tuba, and the brass quintet _Armenian Scenes_, have secured their place in the international repertory, having been performed by conductors such as Valeri Gergiev, who has recorded his Symphony for large orchestra, composed in 1957 with the Symphony orchestra of the Russian All-Union Radio. In 1988, he composed his Violin Concerto "Armenia-88".

### Music for Films

- _Nahapet_ (1977) (as _Life Triumphs_ in USA)
- _Za chas do rassveta_ (An Hour Before the Dawn, 1973, TV)
- _Sirtn e yergum_ (The Heart Sings, 1957)
- _Urvakannere heranum en lernerits_ (Ghosts Leave the Peaks, 1955)
- _Aleph, lectures contades_ (2000) Italian TV episode (soundtrack: "Concerto for trombone and orchestra")

### As Actor

- _Lalvari vorskane_ (Lalvar Hunter, 1967) as Zako

## Other websites

- www.alexanderarutiunian.com
- List of works
- Arutiunian's 85th Birthday Concert in Yerevan
- Arutunian at IMDB
The Hundred and One Dalmatians

***The 00 and 1 Dalmatians***, or ***The Great Dog Robbery*** is a 1956 children's novel by Dodie Smith.  The story is about Cruella de Vil and her plans to skin 101 Dalmatian puppies to make a fur coat. The puppies are rescued by other animals. Disney released an animated movie in 1961 based on the book as _101 Dalmatians_. The book has been published as _101 Dalmatians_. Smith wrote a sequel to the book called _The Starlight Barking_.
101 Dalmatians

**101 Dalmatians** may mean:

- _The Hundred and One Dalmatians_, a 1956 novel written by Dodie Smith
- _One Hundred and One Dalmatians_, a 1961 Walt Disney animated movie
- _101 Dalmatians_ (1996 movie), a 1996 live-action remake of the Walt Disney movie
- _101 Dalmatians: The Series_, a Disney television series that aired from 1997-1998
- _101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure_, an animated sequel to the 1961 Disney movie

## Related pages

- _102 Dalmatians_, a sequel to the 1996 movie released in November 2000.
Coulomb's law

**Coulomb's law** is a formula developed in the 1780s by physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb. It explains how strong the force will be between two electrostatic charges. Electrostatic means electric charges without any motion.

## Direction

Let's think of two electric charges existing in an empty space. If the two charges are opposite, (+) and (-) charges for example, they will attract each other. And if two charges are both the same, both (+) or both (-) for example, they will push each other. This is similar to how magnets act, as N and S attract each other, and as N and N, S and S push each other.

This is because electric charges make an electric field. If two fields exist in the same space at the same time, then the two fields exert (~ put) force on each other. The force they make on each other is called 'Coulomb's force' or the **electrostatic force**. Coulomb's law explains how big the force will be.

## Scale

Coulomb's law explains the scale between two electric charges.
The scale of electrostatic force follows the function below.
Coulomb's law explains that the force scale F is relative to ratio of ,.

and  are the scales of each electric charge.  is the distance between the two electric charges. And  has a certain value. It does not change relative to ,  or . While  remains constant, when multiples of  and  become bigger, the **electrostatic force** will also get bigger. When the distance  becomes bigger, the electrostatic force will become smaller by the ratio of .

The exact size of  is

N m<sup>2</sup> C<sup>−2</sup> (or m F<sup>−1</sup>). This constant is called **Coulomb's force constant** or the electrostatic force constant.

## Inverse-square law

The relation between the force of pushing or pulling (F) and the distance between the particles () follows the Inverse-square Law. Inverse-square law means that when the distance  grows bigger, the force gets weaker by the ratio . Gravitation, Electromagnetic radiation, and sound loudness also follow this law.

## Related pages

- Magnetic
- Electrostatic
- Coulomb, the SI unit of electric charge named after Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
- Inverse-square law, the physical law that shows the relation between distance and Intensity.

## Other websites

- _Coulomb's Law_ on Project PHYSNET.
- A maze game for teaching Coulomb's Law
Snow White (disambiguation)

**Snow White** can mean:

## Literature

- Snow White, title character of various popular fairy tales
- Snow White, a title character in _Snow White and Rose-Red_, a fairy tale unrelated to the Snow White listed above
- Snow White (Fables), a character in the comic book _Fables_, created by Bill Willingham as an amalgam of the two characters mentioned above
- _Snow White_, a 1967 novel by Donald Barthelme
- _Snow White_, a 1987 novelization by Suzanne Weyn

## Movies

- Snow White (1916 movie), a Famous Players-Lasky Corporation silent movie
- _Snow White_ (1933 movie), a cartoon with Betty Boop, from Fleischer Studios
- Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 movie), a feature-length animated movie produced by Walt Disney
- Snow White (1987 movie), a 1987 movie
- The Legend of Princess Snow White,an anime production
- _Snow White: A Tale of Terror_, a 1997 movie
- _Snow White_ (TV film), a 2001 TV movie
- _Snow White_ (2005 movie), a modern adult drama set in Zurich, Switzerland

## Other

- History of IBM#1960–1968: The System/360 era|IBM and its major mainframe competitors in the 1960s, who were sometimes referred to as "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs"
- _Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs_ (ballet)
- _Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs_ (1912 play), a Broadway play
- _Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs_ (1979 musical), a Broadway musical based on the 1937 film
- _Schneewittchen_ (opera), a 1998 opera by Heinz Holliger
- Snow White design language,a design profile used for a number of Apple computers
- Operation Snow White,an infiltration effort perpetrated by the Church of Scientology against the United States of America
- _Snow White_ (horse)
- _Snow White_ (album), a 2007 album by Corinna Fugate
Leprechaun

In Irish mythology, a **leprechaun** () is a type of male fairy said to live in the island of Ireland. They are a class of fairy folk" in Irish mythology and folklore, as with all fairies, with the Tuatha Dé Danann

They usually form into the look of old men and who enjoy doing trouble. They are said to be very rich, having many treasure crocks buried during war-time. Legend says, if someone looks at one of them, the leprechaun cannot escape, but the moment the person looks away, he disappears.

## Other websites

- The Leprechaun Companion (an illustrated guide)
Greater Middle East

The **Greater Middle East** (also known as "**The New Middle East**") is a political term that groups together various countries, related to the Arab world with Iran, Turkey, and Cyprus, marginal countries such as Pakistan and Afghanistan. Various Central Asian countries and the lower Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia) and Greece are sometimes also included. Some speakers may use the term to denote areas with significant Muslim majorities, but this usage is not universal. The countries and Territories of the GME are as the following:

1. Afghanistan
1. Algeria
1. Armenia
1. Azerbaijan
1. Djibouti
1. Eritrea
1. Georgia
1. Kazakhstan
1. Kyrgyzstan
1. Libya
1. Malta
1. Mauritania
1. Morocco
1. Pakistan
1. Tajikistan
1. Tunisia
1. Turkmenistan
1. Uzbekistan
Asian snake-eyed skink

The **Asian snake-eyed skink** (_Ablepharus pannonicus_) is a species of skink. It lives in the Caucasus Mountains and the Greater Middle East. It is a small skink, with a body color that can be brown or copper green, and some have a white stripe along their side. Like a snake, it does not have moveable eyelids.
Crosswords DS

***Crosswords DS*** (also known as ***CrossworDS***) is a crosswords video game made by Nuevo Retro Games and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS game console. It has three games - Crosswords, Word search, and Anagrams.

## Other websites

- IGN web page for Crosswords DS

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Crosswords DS
- **developer**: Nuevo Retro Games
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **genre**: Computer puzzle game, Puzzle
- **modes**: Single player
- **platforms**: Nintendo DS
Fedora Unity

**Fedora Unity** is a community project to build comprehensive and concise websites and content that provide Fedora users and contributors with quality information.

All submissions to the project are covered by the Open Publication License (with no options) unless otherwise noted in order to allow submission to the Fedora Documentation Project.

## Re-spins

The Fedora Unity project produces ISO images for i386 and x86_64 architectures that are available as Jigdo downloads, containing slipstreamed installation media.

Last release: 20080720 launched, July of 2008, it includes Fedora 9 plus all updates as of July 18th, 2008.

## Other websites

- http://fedoraunity.org/
- http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/
- http://torrent.fedoraunity.org/
Picross DS

***Picross DS*** is a puzzle video game made by Jupiter and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS game console.

## Reception

_Picross DS_ got many great reviews. IGN gave it a 9.0/10 and an Editor's Choice Award. The magazine said the game was one of the most addictive games for the Nintendo DS. They liked it for its downloadable puzzles, create-a-puzzle mode, and the number of puzzles to play. They said that the game's biggest mistake was that it penalized the player for missing by adding time, but doesn't count how many times the player misses.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Picross DS
- **developer**: Jupiter (company), Jupiter
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **released**: **Japan, JP**: January 25, 2007
**Europe, EU**: 11 May 2007
**Australia, AU**: 7 June 2007
**North America, NA**: July 30, 2007
 **South Korea, SK**: September 20, 2007
- **genre**: Nonogram, Puzzle
- **modes**: Single player
Multiplayer
- **platforms**: Nintendo DS
Text box

A **text box** is a box that people type things into the computer. Text boxes are commonly used on websites as searchbars.
Type

**Type** may mean:

In **philosophy**:
- A type is a category of being
- Type-token distinction
- Type theory, basis for the study of type systems

In **mathematics**:
- Type (model theory)
- Type or Arity, the number of operands a function takes
- Type, any proposition or set in the Intuitionistic type theory

In **computing**:
- Data type, collection of values used for computations
- Type (command), a shell command.
- Type system, defines a programming language's response to data types
- Type inference, to decide the type in an automatic way using rules

In **sociology**:
- Ideal type
- Normal type
- Typification

**Other**:
- Type (band), name of Portuguese DJ and musician Cyz (Cynthia Zamorano)
- Typeface, used in typesetting
- Typing, Pressing buttons (keys) on a keyboard to enter text
- Architectural type, classification of architecture by functional types (houses, institutions), morphological types or historical types
- The yellowchair performance experience, a theatre company often abbreviated to TYPE
- Dog type, categorisation by use or function of domestic dogs
- Biological type, which fixes a scientific name to a taxon

## Related pages

- Kind
Free agent

A **free agent** is a professional sports player who is not part of a specific team, especially whose contract has expired with the team he or she was on. That player can then sign a new contract with any team.
Out (baseball)

An **out** in baseball happens to the batter or his teammates on the field in a game. When a player is out, they leave the field, and when there are 3 outs, the other team goes up to bat. One way to get an out is if a baseball is caught while in the air and before it touches the ground after being hit by the batter. Another way is to strike out. To strike out you have to either miss the ball or not swing at good pitches three times while batting. Tag out<nowiki/>s and force out<nowiki/>s are the other main ways players get out.

## Related pages

- Out (cricket)
Run (baseball)

A **run** in baseball is when a player on a team scores a point. It can be a walked in run, a batted run, or a home run.
Maxis

**Maxis Software** is an American company that was founded as a video game developer and is now a brand name of Electronic Arts (EA). Maxis' second software title was _SimCity_, a city simulation and planning game. Maxis is also the creator of the best-selling computer game of all time, _The Sims_ and its sequel _The Sims 2_ and a title called _Spore_ in which you guide a creature from cell form to smart, developed creatures. These four titles and their related products are the brand's most popular and successful lines.

Most Maxis titles are simulation-based, though none are considered traditional simulations. Maxis founder Will Wright likens them as "digital dollhouses." Maxis has also released games developed by other production houses, such as _A-Train_ and _SimTower_.

## Acquisition by EA

Electronic Arts (EA) completed its acquisition of Maxis on July 28, 1997. EA kept some of the original staff, including Will Wright. Products were shipped under the Maxis logo for several years until 2004, when _The Sims 2_ had only the Electronic Arts logo on the box cover. As of October 18 2006, with the release of _The Sims 2: Pets_ expansion pack, the Maxis title has been removed from the game's start. Also, up until _The Sims 2: FreeTime_, the logo of Maxis was used for a button in the Options panel of the game to display the credits. In _FreeTime_, the Maxis logo was replaced by a symbol of the Sims plumbob.
Underwater

An **underwater environment**, otherwise known as an **undersea environment** or simply **underwater** or **undersea**, is a place below the surface of a body of water such as an ocean, sea, lake, pond, or river.  Most of the planet Earth is covered by water.  The bottom of the ocean is called the seabed. Most of the seabed is between  below the surface of the ocean. Just like the Earth's dry land, the seabed also has mountains, valleys and flat plains, although they are covered with water. The deepest part of all the world's oceans is a place called the Challenger Deep, which is in the Mariana Trench. It is  under the sea.

Although a number of human activities happen underwater, such as underwater diving for work or recreation, or even warfare with submarines, most of the oceans, especially the deepest parts, have not been explored yet.
Hereford (cattle)

**Hereford** cattle are a widely used breed in temperate areas, mainly for beef production.

Originally from Herefordshire, England, they are found in the temperate parts of Australia. The breed also enjoys great popularity among ranchers in the desert American Southwest of the United States, as well as in the centre and east of Argentina and in Uruguay. Herefords made up the largest percentage of registered cows among herders in New Zealand. This is a testament to the hardiness of the breed; while originating in cool, moist Britain, they have thrived in much harsher climates. The breed has adapted to a wide range of climates on nearly every continent.

Hornless variants with the polled gene are known as the Polled Herefords. Breeding horned and hornless together functions as a genetic dehorner. This is often used as an alternative to a dehorning process, which causes stress and often weight loss.
Beef cattle

**Beef cattle** are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle). The meat of cattle is known as beef. While the principal use of beef cattle is meat production, other uses include leather, and products used in shampoo and cosmetics. The plural _beeves_, when referring to such meat-animals (of either sex), is well known in the American cattle industry, but is often restricted to steers.
Roman army

**The Roman army** is the military of ancient Rome, the forces used by the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and later Roman Empire. Its infantry for much of its history was the Roman legion. Rome also had a navy. The size of the army in the late Roman Empire was about 128,000  179,200 men. It was very well organized. The main Roman soldiers in the Empire were the legionaries. The legions were separated into centuries, made up of 80 soldiers and 20 other men who remained in the camp to cook and do other chores.

Other soldiers in the army were called the _auxilia_. Auxilia were non-citizens who mainly came from the Roman provinces. They were paid less than legionaries and did not usually wear armor but at the end of their service, which was a minimum of 25 years, they were given Roman citizenship.

The army had cavalry units called Equites. Their men were rich enough to have horses and more expensive weapons. Being few, they were less important in battle than the infantry.

## Weapons and equipment

The soldiers of the Roman army wore helmets, shields and body protection. In the early to mid-Republican era, legionaries usually bought their own equipment. _Hastati_, the first line of soldiers, usually had breastplates, called a _cuirass_, and some wore _lorica hamata_, or chainmail. The richer principes, the second line of soldiers, could afford _lorica hamata_ but they were sometimes seen wearing the cheaper _cuirasses_. Both hastati and principes were each armed with a _gladius_ – a short, 60 centimeter (two foot) sword, and each had two _pila_ – short spears.

The third line of soldiers, the Triarii, had a _hasta_, a two meter long spear. They were also armed with the _gladius_ and had an early form of the _lorica segmenta_ or iron band armor. All legionaries had a large rectangular shield, the _scutum_, which had rounded corners.
By the late Republican period, all legionaries carried a _gladius_, two _pila_, a new, larger _scutum_, and wore chainmail._ Lorica segmentata_ was only commonly worn between the 2nd and 3rd century.

Larger weapons such as the ballista (large crossbow) and the Onager (catapult) were used in larger battles.

From the Second Punic War onward, Roman armies had units of non-Italian mercenaries, such as Numidian light cavalry, Cretan archers, and Balearic slingers. Roman armies had previously lacked these kinds of troops.

## Training

The main thing a member of the Roman Army needed was athletic ability. Soldiers were expected to march about 36 km (24 miles) in five hours. They also had to be fit to fight well and cope with any injuries.

New soldiers would do two sessions of military drill and give their oath of loyalty to their Commander and Emperor. Every day the whole of the legion would practice running, jumping, sword fighting and javelin throwing.
Tierpark Hagenbeck

**Tierpark Hagenbeck** (translated as "Animal park of Hagenbeck") is the name of the largest zoo in Hamburg, Germany. The park was founded by Carl Hagenbeck in 1907. His father was a fishmonger (a person who buys and sells fish). It was the first zoo in the world to use moats (a moat is a large hole or trench. Animals do not dare cross it).
This was done instead of using cages with bars, so the animals would feel more at home.

Bombs in the Second World War completely destroyed the zoological garden. With much help from the founding family, it was rebuilt after the war. Two Indian elephants helped to clear the rubble in the zoo.

There are 210 different species in the Tierpark Hagenbeck. The sadness is the only swan which is almost completely black, the Mourning swan. There are also mandrills and baby elephants but no tapirs. There is breeding for orangutans, North Chinese leopards and giant otters from South America.