juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Icosagon

An **icosagon** is a shape with 20 sides and 20 corners. It has interior angles of 162 and exterior angles of 18.

## Regular icosagon

The _regular icosagon_ has Schläfli symbol {20}, and can also be constructed as a truncated decagon, t{10}, or a twice-truncated pentagon, tt{5}.

### Area

The amount of space a regular icosagon takes up is

_a_ is the length of one of its sides.

## Uses

The Big Wheel on the popular US game show _The Price Is Right_ has an icosagonal cross-section.

The Globe, the outdoor theater used by William Shakespeare's acting company, was discovered to have been built on an icosagonal foundation when a partial excavation was done in 1989.

As a golygonal path, the swastika is considered to be an irregular icosagon.

A regular square, pentagon, and icosagon can completely fill a plane vertex.

## Dissection

Coxeter states that every parallel-sided 2_m_-gon can be divided into m(m-1)/2 rhombs. For the icosagon, _m_=10, and it can be divided into 45: 5 squares and 4 sets of 10 rhombs. This decomposition is based on a Petrie polygon projection of a 10-cube, with 45 of 11520 faces.  The list A006245 enumerates the number of solutions as 18,410,581,880, including up to 20-fold rotations and chiral forms in reflection.

## References

- Naming Polygons and Polyhedra
- icosagon
Travian

***Travian*** is a browser-based real-time strategy video game.

The aim of the game is to use the right combination of tactics to make a small village become a mighty empire, and finally build a World Wonder to level 100, which will make you the winner that round.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Travian
- **developer**: Travian Games GmbH
- **engine**: PHP
- **released**: <small>(version 1)</small>
 <small>(version 2)</small>
 <small>(version 3)</small>
- **genre**: Real-time strategy
- **platforms**: Interpreted script; platform independent
Browser game

A **browser game** is a video game that is played on a web browser. It is different from other video games in that it usually does not need any other software to be installed on the user's computer. Most games use technologies built into the web browser, such as HTML5, WebGL, and WebAssembly, with plugins, like Flash Player and Java, being more popular until the mid-2010s. Some games also need to run code on servers (meaning they do not run on the user's computer), often massively multiplayer online games.
My bloody valentine

**My Bloody Valentine** may refer to:
- _My Bloody Valentine_ (movie), a Canadian slasher movie released in 1981
- My Bloody Valentine (band), an Irish band created in 1984
My Bloody Valentine

**My Bloody Valentine** are an Irish alternative rock band. The band started in Dublin in 1983 and ended in 1997. In 2007, the band reunited. The band's members are singer and guitarist Kevin Shields, singer and guitarist Bilinda Butcher, bassist Debbie Googe and drummer Colm Ó Cíosóig.

My Bloody Valentine have released three studio albums. The band's first album, _Isn't Anything_, was released in 1988 and was successful in the independent music scene in the United Kingdom. After touring for its release, the band recorded _Loveless_ in nineteen different recording studios from 1989 to 1991. _Loveless_ was a success among music critics and influenced lots of other bands. The band stopped performing live in 1993 and tried to record a third album but never finished it. The band broke up in 1997 and reunited in 2007, performing shows around the world. In 2012, Kevin Shields remastered all of the My Bloody Valentine's material on Creation Records and announced plans to release a third album. The album, _m b v_, was released in 2013 and received very strong reviews from music critics. In December 2013 NME magazine put the album at number 29 in their list of 50 Best Albums Of 2013.

The band has changed their members and style of music a number of times. The band had a post-punk and gothic rock sound on their early releases and later used distortion, pitch bending, and digital reverb to create a new style of rock music called shoegazing.

## Discography

|scope="col" style="width:5em;"|Year|scope="col" style="width:10em;"|Album|scope="col" style="width:8em;"|Irish Chart|scope="col" style="width:8em;"|UK Chart|scope="col" style="width:8em;"|UK Indie Chart|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|_Isn't Anything_|style="text-align:center;"|49|style="text-align:center;"|61|style="text-align:center;"|1||||
|_Loveless_|style="text-align:center;"|29|style="text-align:center;"|24|style="text-align:center;"|—||||
|_m b v_|style="text-align:center;"|—|style="text-align:center;"|—|style="text-align:center;"|—||||
|style="text-align:center;" colspan="5"|a dash (—) means it did not appear on the chart.|||||||||

## Other websites

- My Bloody Valentine website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: My Bloody Valentine
- **image**: My Bloody Valentine - Manchester 2013.jpg
- **image size**: 250
- **landscape**: yes
- **alt**: A rock band performing live on stage. A bright yellow light is seen in the top right corner.
- **caption**: My Bloody Valentine performing live in 2013
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Dublin, Ireland
- **genre**: Alternative rock, shoegazing, post-punk
- **years active**: –, –present
- **label**: Tycoon, Lazy, Creation, Island Records, Island, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony, mbv
- **current members**: Kevin Shields
Colm Ó Cíosóig
Debbie Googe
Bilinda Butcher
- **past members**: Joe Byfield
Dave Conway
Tina Durkin
Stephen Ivers
Paul Murtagh
Mark Ross
Animated cartoon

An **animated cartoon** is a hand-worked movie for the cinema, television or computer screen. It tells some kind of story, even if it is a very short one. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) is first ever Animated feature film. After that, it came more long animated cartoons, such as Pinocchio (1940), Fantasia (1940), Dumbo (1941), Bambi (1942), Cinderella (1950), Charlotte's Web (1973), The Secret of NIMH (1982), An American Tail (1986), and The Little Mermaid (1989).
Madagascar (disambiguation)

**Madagascar** is an island country off the eastern coast of Africa.

**Madagascar** can also mean:

- _Madagascar_ (1994 movie), a Cuban movie by Fernando Pérez
- _Madagascar_ (2005 movie), an American computer-animated comedy movie produced by DreamWorks Animation
- _Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa_, the 2008 sequel to the 2005 movie
- _Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted_, the 2012 sequel to the 2008 movie
Shanti Bahini

The **Shanti Bahini** (, "Peace Force") was the name of the military wing of the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti - the United People's Party of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh.

It was formed in 1972 to preserve the rights of the tribal people in south-eastern Bangladesh, and fought for many years against the central government. It abandoned militancy following the peace treaty signed by the government and the Shamiti on December 2, 1997. Although some members opposed to the peace deal formed a dissident group.

## Infobox (war faction)

- **name**: Shanti Bahini
- **native name**: শান্তি বাহিনী
- **native name lang**: bn
- **war**: the Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
- **image**: Flag of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Shanti Bahini.svg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Flag of Shanti Bahini
- **active**: –1997 (small pockets of resistance remained active until 2006)
- **leaders**: Manabendra Narayan Larma, M.N. Larma
Jyotirindra Bodhipriya Larma, Shantu Larma
- **ideology**: Autonomy for tribes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts
- **area**: Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
- **size**: 2,600–15,000
- **partof**: Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti
- **allies**:

- **opponents**: * Bangladesh Army
** 24th Infantry Division (Bangladesh), 24th Infantry Division
* Border Guard Bangladesh
* Bangladesh Police
** Armed Police Battalion
** Rapid Action Battalion
* Bangladesh Ansar
- **battles**: Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
Jagannath Azad

**Jagannath Azad** (1918-2004) () was a prominent Urdu-speaking Hindu academic who wrote the first national anthem of Pakistan. The Tarana-e-Pakistan.
Abu-Al-Asar Hafeez Jullundhri

**Abu Al-Asar Hafeez Jalandhari** () (born 14 January 1900 – 21 December 1982) was born in Jullundher, Punjab, India. After the partition of India in 1947 he moved to Lahore. He wrote the words for the national anthem of Pakistan. He also wrote the words for an anthem for Kashmir, as well as patriotic songs during the war against India in 1965.

He studied in a mosque and then in a local school to 7th grade. He then did a lot of things to further educate himself. The great Persian poet, Maulana Ghulam Qadir Bilgrami, gave him advice on writing poetry. Hafeez worked hard to earn a reputation as a poet. One of Hafeez's most famous poems is _Shahnam-e-Islam_, which tells the history of Islam in verse. His poems, written in a blend of Hindi and Urdu, are about romance, religion, patriotism and life. It is known for its gentle rhythm.

Long before Hafeez Jullundhri's lyrics were adopted as the national anthem in 1950s, Pakistan had an anthem written by Jagannath Azad, son of Lahore-based poet Tilok Chand Mahroom. Azad was asked to write the anthem three days before the creation of Pakistan in 1947.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Abu Al-Asar Hafeez Jalandhari

- **pseudonym**: _Abu Al-Asar_
- **birth place**: Jalandhar, Punjab (British India), Punjab, British India
- **death place**: Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan
- **occupation**: Urdu poet
- **nationality**: Pakistani
- **citizenship**: Pakistani
- **genre**: Ghazal and Nazm
- **subject**: Pakistani Nationalism
- **movement**: Pakistan Movement
- **notableworks**: Lyrics of the National Anthem of Pakistan
 _Shahnama-e-Islam_
 Hymn of Kashmir
- **spouse**: Zeenat Begum
 Anela
 Khurshid Begum
- **relatives**: Shams-ud-Din (father)
- **awards**: Pride of Performance in 1958
 Hilal-e-Imtiaz
Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla

**Ahmed Ghulam Ali Chagla** (; 31 May 1902 – 5 February 1953) was the musician who wrote the score for the national anthem of Pakistan, (_Qaumi Tarana_) in 1950. He was born in 1902 into a prominent Karachi family. His father, Ghulamali Chagla was the third elected president of the municipality of Karachi, serving from 1921 to 1922. Ahmad Chagla attended the Sindh Madrassat-ul-Islam in Karachi and took lessons in classical Indian music in 1910 and western musical composition in 1914.
Weedy sea dragon

The **weedy sea dragon** or **common sea dragon**, ***Phyllopteryx taeniolatus***, is a marine fish related to the seahorse. It is the only member of the genus ***Phyllopteryx***. It is found in water 3 to 50 m deep around the south coast of Australia, from Port Stephens, New South Wales to Geraldton, Western Australia. It also found in the waters around Tasmania. Weedy sea dragons are named for the weed-like growth on their bodies. This camouflage hides them as they move among the seaweed beds where they live. The weedy sea dragon is the aquatic emblem for the state of Victoria.

## Description

Weedy sea dragons can reach 45 cm in length. They feed on tiny crustaceans and other zooplankton, which they suck into the end of their long tube-like nose. Their tail cannot wrap around and hold on to things the way a seahorse can.  They swim in shallow reefs and weed beds, and look like weeds drifting over bare sand.

## Breeding

Sea dragons, seahorses and pipe fish are the only species where the male carries the eggs. The male carries the fertilized eggs, joined under his tail. They stay there for about eight weeks until they hatch. The young can look after themselves as soon as they are born.  Breeding sea dragons in captivity is difficult because scientists do not know what makes them breed in the wild. To make them breed, carers in the Melbourne Aquarium had to change the water temperature and lighting to copy the places where wild weedy sea dragons live.

The Aquarium of the Pacific in Long Beach, California, Melbourne Aquarium in Australia, and the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga, Tennessee, are the only places in the world to have bred weedy sea dragons, though others have been able to get them to lay eggs.

## Leafy sea dragons

A relative of the weedy sea dragon is the leafy sea dragon _Phycodurus eques_. In the November 2006, the _National Geographic_ magazine, reported that marine biologist Greg Rouse is looking at the DNA of the two sea dragon species.

## Other websites

- Australian Museum Online - Leafy and Weedy Seadragons
- Leafy Seadragons and Weedy Seadragons
- Weedy Sea Dragon Monitoring Program in Botany Bay
- Leafy Sea Dragon Festival
- Weedy Sea Dragon
- Youtube Male Weedy Seadragon with eggs
- Youtube Weedy Seadragon
- Male Weedy Sea Dragon carrying eggs
Guru Angad Dev

**Shri Guru Angad Dev Ji** (, 1504 - Sept 7, 1539) was one of the ten gurus who founded Sikhism. He became a Guru because of the obedience he showed to his Guru (Guru Nanak,the first guru in Sikh religion). Guru Angad Dev invented the present form of the Gurmukhi script.
Cosmic microwave background radiation

**Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB radiation)** is radiation in the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which comes from all directions in outer space. It is known to come from our earliest infant universe. Since the universe is very large, and the speed of light is constant, we know that when the CMB light arrives from the infant universe, it arrives as the oldest signal that we can detect.

During the Big Bang, a lot of high-energy radiation was created. Then, the universe became bigger and colder. Therefore, the high-energy photons lost most of their original energy. Now, as a result, that radiation is in the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum (the microwave part has quite low energy). The cosmic microwave background is the radiation that has been traveling without hitting anything ever since the time the universe became transparent, about 380,000 years after the Big Bang.

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson first detected the CMB radiation. Scientists think that the existence of CMB radiation is important evidence, with red shift, that the Big Bang theory is true.

Later data is based on the Planck spacecraft operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). It was designed to observe differences in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at microwave and infra-red frequencies, with high sensitivity and small angular resolution. The spacecraft has finished its work, but researchers are still analyzing the data. The main interest is that there is:
- "an asymmetry in the average temperatures on opposite hemispheres of the sky. This runs counter to the prediction made by the standard model that the Universe should be broadly similar in any direction we look. Furthermore, a cold spot extends over a patch of sky that is much larger than expected".

No explanation for this is known.
Guru Ram Das

**Guru Ram Das** () (24 September 1534 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan – 1 September 1581, in Amritsar, Punjab, India) was the fourth of the ten Sikh Gurus on 26 March 1552. He urged Sikhs to not just sit in peace while meditating. He urged them to actively join in with other peoples fun while meditating.

Guru Ram Das nominated Guru Arjun Dev, his youngest son, as the next Guru of the Sikhs.

## Ramdaspur

Guru Ram helped build Ramdaspur by digging a second sacred pool after being instructed to do so by Guru Amar Das. Pilgrims came from miles to hear Guru Ram preach or to help him dig the sacred pool. The sacred pool (Holy tank) was named Amristar - which means _great pool of nectar_.

## Other websites

- Sikhs.org
- Sikh-History.com
- AllaboutSikhs.com
- Learn more about Sri Guru Ram Das Ji

## Infobox (religious biography)

- **birth name**: Jetha Mal Sodhi
- **birth date**: 24 September 1534
- **birth place**: Chuna Mandi, Lahore, Mughal Empire
- **death place**: Goindwal, Mughal Empire
- **name**: Guru Ram Das
Guru Arjun Dev

**Guru Arjan Dev** (15 April 1563 – 30 May 1606) is a Sikh guru. He became a Guru on September 1st 1556. He became a Guru because of the amount he sacrificed for himself. He laid down the foundations for the Harmandir sahib, which means “The Golden Temple”. It was built in the middle of the second sacred [pool] in Ramdaspur that was the tallest building in the town. He thought that it should not be the tallest building in town so he ordered it to be it on the lowest ground in the pool. He helped a lot around and dug wells and laid more foundations.
Fabricio Coloccini

**Fabricio Coloccini** (born 22 January 1982) is a former Argentine football player.

### Club

|rowspan="2" width="160"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="2"|National Cup|colspan="2"|League Cup|colspan="2"|Continental|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Boca Juniors|1998–99|Argentine Primera División|1|1|0|0|—|0|0|1|1|||
|rowspan="3"|A.C. Milan|1999–2000|Serie A|0|0|0|0|—|0|0|0|0||
|2004–05|Serie A|1|0|3|0|—|1|0|5|0||||
|San Lorenzo (loan)|2000–01|Argentine Primera División|19|3|0|0|—|0|0|19|3|||
|Alavés (loan)|2001–02|La Liga|33|6|0|0|—|—|33|6||||
|Atlético Madrid (loan)|2002–03|La Liga|27|0|0|0|—|—|27|0||||
|Villarreal (loan)|2003–04|La Liga|32|1|0|0|—|11|0|43|1|||
|rowspan="5"|Deportivo La Coruña|2004–05|La Liga|15|1|0|0|—|0|0|15|1||
|2005–06|La Liga|26|0|4|0|—|0|0|30|0||||
|2006–07|La Liga|26|0|2|0|—|—|28|0|||||
|2007–08|La Liga|38|4|0|0|—|—|38|4|||||
|rowspan="9"|Newcastle United|2008–09|Premier League|34|0|2|0|2|0|—|38|0||
|2009–10|Championship|37|2|3|0|0|0|—|40|2||||
|2010–11|Premier League|35|2|1|0|1|0|—|37|2||||
|2011–12|Premier League|35|0|1|0|3|1|—|39|1||||
|2012–13|Premier League|22|0|0|0|1|0|7|0|30|0|||
|2013–14|Premier League|27|0|0|0|1|0|—|28|0||||
|2014–15|Premier League|32|1|0|0|4|0|—|36|1||||
|2015–16|Premier League|26|1|1|0|0|0|—|27|1||||
|rowspan="6"|San Lorenzo|2016–17|Argentine Primera División|12|0|4|0|0|0|4|0|20|0|
|2017–18|Argentine Primera División|13|0|0|0|0|0|2|0|15|0|||
|2018–19|Argentine Primera División|13|0|4|0|3|0|3|0|23|0|||
|2019–20|Argentine Primera División|16|0|1|0|1|0|8|0|26|0|||
|2021|Argentine Primera División|1|0|0|0|0|0|3|0|4|0|||
|Aldosivi|2021|Argentine Primera División|20|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|20|0||

### International

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="12"|Argentina|2003|3|0|
|2004|8|1|||
|2005|11|0|||
|2006|4|0|||
|2007|0|0|||
|2008|6|0|||
|2009|1|0|||
|2010|1|0|||
|2011|0|0|||
|2012|1|0|||
|2013|3|0|||
|2014|1|0|||

- _Scores and results list Argentina's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Coloccini goal._

|scope="col"|No.|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Venue|scope="col"|Opponent|scope="col"|Score|scope="col"|Result|scope="col"|Competition|scope="col" class="unsortable"||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|4 September 2004|Lima, Peru||2–1|3–1|2006 FIFA World Cup qualification||||||||||

## Honours

**Boca Juniors**
- Primera División: Apertura 1998, Clausura 1999

**San Lorenzo**
- Primera División: Clausura 2001

**Villarreal**
- UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2003

**Newcastle United**
- Football League Championship: 2009–10

**Argentina U20**
- FIFA World Youth Championship: 2001

**Argentina U23**
- Olympic Gold Medal: 2004

**Argentina**
- Copa América runner-up: 2004
- FIFA Confederations Cup Runner-up: 2005

**Individual**
- PFA Team of the Year: 2009–10 Championship, 2011–12 Premier League
- Newcastle United Player of the Year: 2010–11
- North-East FWA Player of the Year: 2011
Gabriel Heinze

**Gabriel Iván Heinze** (; born 19 April 1978) is an Argentine football coach and former player who is currently an assistant manager of Premier League club Arsenal.

## Club career statistics

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="2"|National Cup|colspan="2"|League Cup|colspan="2"|Continental|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Newell's Old Boys|1996–97|Primera División|8|0|–|–|0|0|8|0||||
|rowspan="5"|Valladolid|1997–98|La Liga|0|0|0|0|–|–|0|0|||
|1998–99|La Liga|0|0|1|0|–|–|1|0|||||
|1999–2000|La Liga|18|0|1|0|–|–|19|0|||||
|2000–01|La Liga|36|1|1|0|–|–|37|1|||||
|Sporting (loan)|1998–99|Primeira Liga|5|1|1|0|–|0|0|6|1|||
|rowspan="4"|Paris Saint-Germain|2001–02|Ligue 1|31|0|0|0|0|0|2|0|33|0|
|2002–03|Ligue 1|35|2|0|0|0|0|4|0|39|2|||
|2003–04|Ligue 1|33|2|0|0|0|0|0|0|33|2|||
|rowspan="4"|Manchester United|2004–05|Premier League|26|1|4|0|2|0|7|0|39|1|
|2005–06|Premier League|4|0|0|0|0|0|2|2|6|2|||
|2006–07|Premier League|22|0|6|1|2|0|8|0|38|1|||
|rowspan="3"|Real Madrid|2007–08|La Liga|20|1|2|0|0|0|4|0|26|1|
|2008–09|La Liga|24|2|1|0|2|0|7|0|34|2|||
|rowspan="3"|Marseille|2009–10|Ligue 1|27|4|0|0|2|0|7|2|36|6|
|2010–11|Ligue 1|31|3|0|0|0|0|8|1|39|4|||
|Roma|2011–12|Serie A|30|0|2|0|–|0|0|32|0|||
|rowspan="3"|Newell's Old Boys|2012–13|Primera División|27|1|0|0|0|0|9|0|36|1|
|2013–14|Primera División|26|2|0|0|0|0|5|0|31|2|||

### International

**Appearances and goals by national team and year**
|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="8"|Argentina|2003|4|0|
|2004|14|0|||
|2005|10|1|||
|2006|5|0|||
|2007|9|1|||
|2008|9|0|||
|2009|11|0|||
|2010|9|1|||
**International goals**
|-
| 1 || 17 August 2005 || Ferenc Puskás, Budapest, Hungary ||  || 1–**2** || 1–2 || Friendly||
|-
| 2 || 11 July 2007 || Polideportivo Cachamay, Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela ||  || 0–**1** || 0–3 || 2007 Copa América||
|-
| 3 || 12 June 2010 || Ellis Park, Johannesburg, South Africa ||  || **1**–0 || 1–0 || 2010 FIFA World Cup||

## Managerial statistics

|rowspan="2"|Team|rowspan="2"|Nat|rowspan="2"|From|rowspan="2"|To|colspan="8"|Record|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=center|Godoy Cruz||align=center|11 June 2015|align=center|27 September 2015||||
|align=center|Argentinos Juniors||align=center|20 June 2016|align=center|1 August 2017||||
|align=center|Vélez Sarsfield||align=center|11 December 2017|align=center|9 March 2020||||
|align=center|Atlanta United||align=center|18 December 2020|align=center|18 July 2021||||
|align=center|Newell's Old Boys||align=center|25 October 2022|align=center|present||||
Lionel Scaloni

**Lionel Scaloni** (born 16 May 1978) is an Argentine football manager and former player. He has played for Argentina national team.

### International

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="4"|Argentina|2003|1|0|
|2004|1|0|||
|2005|3|0|||
|2006|2|0|||

## Managerial statistics

|rowspan="2"|Team|rowspan="2"|Nat|rowspan="2"|From|rowspan="2"|To|colspan="8"|Record|rowspan=2||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Argentina U20||17 July 2018|30 November 2018|||||||||
|Argentina||3 August 2018|_present_|||||||||

### Player

**Deportivo La Coruña**
- La Liga: 1999–2000
- Copa del Rey: 2001–02
- Supercopa de España: 2000, 2002

**West Ham United**
- FA Cup runner-up: 2005–06

**Argentina U20**
- FIFA World Youth Championship: 1997

### Manager

**Argentina U20**
- 2018 COTIF Tournament
**Argentina**
- FIFA World Cup: 2022
- Copa América: 2021; third place: 2019
- CONMEBOL–UEFA Cup of Champions: 2022
**Individual**
- IFFHS Men's World's Best National Coach: 2022

- The Best FIFA Men's Coach: 2022

- South American Coach of the Year: 2022

- Panchina d'Oro: 2023

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Lionel Scaloni
- **image**: Lionel Scaloni.JPG
- **caption**: Scaloni with Argentina national football team, Argentina in 2022
- **full name**: Lionel Sebastián Scaloni
- **birth place**: Pujato, Santa Fe Province, Santa Fe, Argentina
- **height**: 1.82 m
- **position**: Right-back, right midfielder
- **currentclub**: Argentina national football team, Argentina (manager)
- **years1**: 1995–1996
- **clubs1**: Newell's Old Boys
- **caps1**: 12
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1996–1997
- **clubs2**: Estudiantes de La Plata, Estudiantes
- **caps2**: 37
- **goals2**: 7
- **years3**: 1998–2006
- **clubs3**: Deportivo de La Coruña, Deportivo La Coruña
- **caps3**: 200
- **goals3**: 14
- **years4**: 2006
- **clubs4**: → West Ham United F.C., West Ham United (loan)
- **caps4**: 13
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 2006–2007
- **clubs5**: Racing de Santander, Racing Santander
- **caps5**: 30
- **goals5**: 1
- **years6**: 2007–2013
- **clubs6**: S.S. Lazio, Lazio
- **caps6**: 52
- **goals6**: 1
- **years7**: 2008–2009
- **clubs7**: → RCD Mallorca, Mallorca (loan)
- **caps7**: 28
- **goals7**: 0
- **years8**: 2013–2015
- **clubs8**: Atalanta B.C., Atalanta
- **caps8**: 15
- **goals8**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 387
- **totalgoals**: 23
- **nationalyears1**: 1997
- **nationalteam1**: Argentina national under-20 football team, Argentina U20
- **nationalcaps1**: 7
- **nationalgoals1**: 2
- **nationalyears2**: 2003–2006
- **nationalteam2**: Argentina national football team, Argentina
- **nationalcaps2**: 7
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 2016–2017
- **managerclubs1**: Sevilla FC, Sevilla (assistant)
- **manageryears2**: 2017–2018
- **managerclubs2**: Argentina national football team, Argentina (assistant)
- **manageryears3**: 2018
- **managerclubs3**: Argentina national under-20 football team, Argentina U20
- **manageryears4**: 2018–
- **managerclubs4**: Argentina national football team, Argentina
- **medaltemplates**: (as player)
Leandro Cufré

**Leandro Damián Cufré** (born 9 May 1978) is an Argentine football coach and former player who played as a defender. As of 2021, he has been the assistant coach of the Venezuela national football team.

### Club

|-
|1996–97||rowspan="6"|Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata||rowspan="6"|Primera División||11||0
|-
|1997–98||25||0
|-
|1998–99||25||0
|-
|1999–2000||33||2
|-
|2000–01||36||2
|-
|2001–02||2||0

|-
|2002–03||Roma||Serie A||8||0
|-
|2003–04||Siena||Serie A||31||0
|-
|2004–05||rowspan="2"|Roma||rowspan="2"|Serie A||32||0
|-
|2005–06||28||1

|-
|2006–07||rowspan="3"|Monaco||rowspan="3"|Ligue 1||20||0
|-
|2007–08||25||1
|-
|2008–09||15||3

|-
|2008–09||Hertha Berlin||Bundesliga||5||0

|-
|2009–10||Dinamo Zagreb||Prva HNL||||
132||4
99||1
60||4
5||0
0||0
296||9

### International

|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||1||0
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}

## Honours

**Dinamo Zagreb**
- Croatian First League: 2009–10, 2010–11
- Croatian Cup: 2010–11

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Leandro Cufré
- **fullname**: Leandro Damián Cufré
- **image**: Leandro Cufré.jpg
- **caption**: Cufré (right) with Dinamo Zagreb
- **image size**: 200px
- **height**: 1.76 m
- **birth place**: La Plata, Argentina
- **currentclub**: Venezuela national football team, Venezuela (assistant)
- **position**: Defender (association football), Left back / Defender (association football)#Centre-back, Centre back
- **years1**: 1996–2002
- **caps1**: 133
- **goals1**: 4
- **clubs1**: Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata, Gimnasia La Plata
- **years2**: 2002–2006
- **caps2**: 68
- **goals2**: 1
- **clubs2**: A.S. Roma, Roma
- **years3**: 2003–2004
- **caps3**: 31
- **goals3**: 0
- **clubs3**: → AC Siena, Siena (loan)
- **years4**: 2006–2009
- **caps4**: 60
- **goals4**: 4
- **clubs4**: AS Monaco FC, Monaco
- **years5**: 2009
- **caps5**: 5
- **goals5**: 0
- **clubs5**: → Hertha BSC (loan)
- **years6**: 2009–2011
- **caps6**: 53
- **goals6**: 0
- **clubs6**: GNK Dinamo Zagreb, Dinamo Zagreb
- **years7**: 2012–2015
- **caps7**: 72
- **goals7**: 1
- **clubs7**: Club Atlas, Atlas
- **years8**: 2014–2015
- **caps8**: 20
- **goals8**: 0
- **clubs8**: → Club Universidad de Guadalajara, UdeG (loan)
- **totalcaps**: 442
- **totalgoals**: 10
- **nationalyears1**: 1997
- **nationalteam1**: Argentina national under-20 football team, Argentina U20
- **nationalcaps1**: 5
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2000–2006
- **nationalteam2**: Argentina national football team, Argentina
- **nationalcaps2**: 17
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **pcupdate**: 8 April 2015
- **manageryears1**: 2016
- **managerclubs1**: Cruz Azul (assistant)
- **manageryears2**: 2018
- **managerclubs2**: Santos Laguna (assistant)
- **manageryears3**: 2019–2020
- **managerclubs3**: Club Atlas, Atlas
- **manageryears4**: 2021–
- **managerclubs4**: Venezuela national football team, Venezuela (assistant)
Lionel Messi

**Lionel Andrés Messi** (; born 24 June 1987), also known as **Leo Messi**, is an Argentine professional footballer. As of summer 2023, he plays for the Argentina national team and American club Inter Miami. At club level, he is best known for playing for FC Barcelona.

Messi is widely recognized as one of the best players of all time. His playing style and skills have been compared to the Argentine legend Diego Maradona. There is much competition between him and Portuguese footballer Cristiano Ronaldo. In 2009, Messi was included in the "World Player of the Decade 2000s", ranking second behind Ronaldinho but ahead of Cristiano Ronaldo (who came third). Messi has played alongside many football greats, such as Ronaldinho, Deco, Samuel Eto'o, Luis Suárez, Xavi, Andrés Iniesta, Sergio Busquets, and Neymar. At FC Barcelona, Messi, Neymar and Suarez were known as MSN.

## Infobox (person)

- **embed**: yes
- **signature**: File:Firma de Lionel Messi.svg
- **signature alt**: Lionel Messi signature


## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Lionel Messi
- **image**: Lionel-Messi-Argentina-2022-FIFA-World-Cup sharpness.jpg
- **caption**: Messi with Argentina national football team, Argentina at the 2022 FIFA World Cup
- **fullname**: Lionel Andrés Messi
- **birth place**: Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- **height**: 1.70 m
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **currentclub**: Inter Miami CF, Inter Miami
- **clubnumber**: 10
- **youthyears1**: 1992–1995
- **youthclubs1**: Grandoli
- **youthyears2**: 1995–2000
- **youthclubs2**: Newell's Old Boys
- **youthyears3**: 2000–2003
- **youthclubs3**: FC Barcelona, Barcelona
- **years1**: 2003–2004
- **clubs1**: FC Barcelona C, Barcelona C
- **caps1**: 10
- **goals1**: 5
- **years2**: 2004–2005
- **clubs2**: FC Barcelona B, Barcelona B
- **caps2**: 22
- **goals2**: 6
- **years3**: 2004–2021
- **clubs3**: FC Barcelona, Barcelona
- **caps3**: 778
- **goals3**: 672
- **years4**: 2021–2023
- **clubs4**: Paris Saint-Germain F.C., Paris Saint-Germain
- **caps4**: 75
- **goals4**: 32
- **years5**: 2023–
- **clubs5**: Inter Miami CF, Inter Miami
- **caps5**: 26
- **goals5**: 25
- **nationalyears1**: 2004–2005
- **nationalteam1**: Argentina national under-20 football team, Argentina U20
- **nationalcaps1**: 18
- **nationalgoals1**: 14
- **nationalyears2**: 2008
- **nationalteam2**: Argentina national under-23 football team, Argentina U23
- **nationalcaps2**: 5
- **nationalgoals2**: 2
- **nationalyears3**: 2005–
- **nationalteam3**: Argentina national football team, Argentina
- **nationalcaps3**: 172
- **nationalgoals3**: 98
- **club-update**: 23:32, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
- **nationalteam-update**: 19:05, 18 December 2024 (UTC)
Nicolás Burdisso

**Nicolás Andrés Burdisso** (born 12 April 1981) is an Argentine sporting director and former professional footballer who played as a centre back.

### Club

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="2"|Cup|colspan="2"|Continental|colspan="2"|Other|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="6"|Boca Juniors|2000|Argentina Primeira División|0|0|—|2|0|—|2|0|||
|2001|Argentina Primeira División|1|0|—|9|0|1|0|11|0||||
|2002|Argentina Primeira División|23|1|—|7|1|1|0|31|2||||
|2003|Argentina Primeira División|24|2|—|14|0|—|38|2|||||
|2004|Argentina Primeira División|30|0|—|11|2|1|0|42|1||||
|rowspan="6"|Inter|2004–05|Serie A|35|2|8|0|3|0|—|42|2||
|2005–06|Serie A|16|0|6|0|4|0|—|26|0||||
|2006–07|Serie A|24|2|7|4|5|0|—|36|6||||
|2007–08|Serie A|24|1|6|0|2|0|1|0|33|1|||
|2008–09|Serie A|21|1|3|0|4|0|1|0|29|1|||
|rowspan="6"|Roma|2009–10|Serie A|33|2|5|0|6|0|—|44|2||
|2010–11|Serie A|27|2|4|0|8|0|—|39|2||||
|2011–12|Serie A|10|1|—|2|0|—|12|1|||||
|2012–13|Serie A|25|1|4|0|—|—|29|1|||||
|2013–14|Serie A|20|0|1|0|—|—|21|0|||||
|rowspan="4"|Genoa|2014–15|Serie A|30|0|1|0|—|—|31|0|||
|2015–16|Serie A|28|0|1|0|—|—|29|0|||||
|2016–17|Serie A|35|0|3|0|—|—|38|0|||||
|rowspan="2"|Torino|2017–18|Serie A|13|0|1|0|—|—|14|0|||

### International

**International goals**

_Scores and results list Argentina's goal tally first._
|#|Date|Venue|Opponent|Score|Result|Competition|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1.|26 March 2008|Cairo International Stadium, Cairo, Egypt||2–0|2–0|Friendly|
|2.|4 June 2008|Qualcomm Stadium, San Diego, United States||1–0|4–1|Friendly|

## Honours

**Boca Juniors**
- Primera División: 2000 Apertura, 2003 Apertura
- Copa Libertadores: 2000, 2001, 2003
- Intercontinental Cup: 2000, 2003

**Inter Milan**
- Serie A: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09
- Coppa Italia: 2004–05, 2005–06
- Supercoppa Italiana: 2005, 2006, 2008

**Argentina U20**
- FIFA U-20 World Cup: 2001

**Argentina U23**
- Summer Olympics: 2004
- CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament: 2004

**Argentina**
- Copa América runner-up: 2007

**Individual**
- Coppa Italia top-scorer: 2006–07

## Other websites

- Official Website  (nicolasburdisso.com )
- Stats and profile (footballdatabase.com)
- inter.it profile
José Pekerman

**José Néstor Pekerman** (born 3 September 1949) is a former Argentine football player and current manager (head coach) of  Colombia national team. He played for two clubs in his career, Argentinos Juniors and Deportivo Independiente Medellin. He is of Jewish descent.
Peter Pan

**Peter Pan** is a fictional character created by Scottish novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie (1860–1937). He is a magical boy who can fly and who refuses to grow up. Peter Pan spends his never-ending childhood playing on the small island of Neverland as the leader of his gang, the Lost Boys. He and Tinker Bell, who is a fairy, are always together. His mortal enemy is called Captain Hook and he sails on a pirate ship called the Jolly Roger crewed by the evilest band of pirates imaginable. By thinking of happy thoughts, Peter Pan can fly!

Disney movie
Ashbourne

**Ashbourne** is a small town in the county of Derbyshire in England. 7,000 people live there. Ashbourne is known for a football match where one half of the town plays the other at football, using the whole of the town with the goals three miles apart.

## Tourism

A walk and cycle path starts on the northern part of the town, and follows the course of the former railway to Buxton. The walk is called the _Tissington Trail_.
Ittifaq Party

**The Party of Tatar National Independence _İttifaq*** or ***Ittifak**_ (,  ) is a political party.

## History

It was founded in the Tatar ASSR in April, 1990, and officially registered on January 3, 1992. Ittifaq was the first non-communist party in Tatarstan.  It is commonly referred to as a Tatar nationalist party.  It was named in honour of Ittifaq al-Muslimin, a pre-revolutionary Muslim political party represented in the parliament (Duma) of the czarist Russia.

## Goals

The goals, as claimed by the party, are:
- revival of the Tatar nation
- restoring Tatar statehood
- recognition of the Tatar state as an international entity.

## Leadership

The permanent leader of the Ittifaq party is Fäwziä Bäyrämova. She has been leading the party for more than 20 years.

## Publications

The party published its own newspaper - _Altın Urda_ - from 1993 to 1998.
Madagascar (1994 movie)

***Madagascar*** is a 1994 Cuban movie directed by  Fernando Pérez. It marked his change of direction into a more lyrical approach to moviemaking, somehow stripped from the realistic documentary feel of his early work. The movie is about the relationship and lack of communication between a mother and daughter during the Cuban economic crisis known as the Special Period.

The movie stars the voices of Elena Bolaños, Rolando Díaz, Daniel Díaz Torres, Zaida Castellanos, and Laura De la Uz.

## Awards

- Berlin International Film Festival - Caligari Film Award
- Festróia - Tróia International Film Festival - Golden Dolphin
- Fribourg International Film Festival - Grand Prix
- Havana Film Festival - ARCI-NOVA Award  Fernando Pérez
- Cuban Press Association Award - FIPRESCI Prize - Special Mention - Special Jury Prize
- Sundance Film Festival - Latin America Cinema Award

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Madagascar
- **director**: Fernando Pérez (director), Fernando Pérez
- **producer**: Santiago Llapur
- **writer**: Fernando Pérez (director), Fernando Pérez
Manuel Rodríguez (writer), Manuel Rodríguez
- **starring**: Elena Bolaños
Zaida Castellanos
Laura De la Uz
- **music**: Edesio Alejandro
- **cinematography**: Raúl Pérez Ureta
- **editing**: Julia Yip
- **released**: 1994 in film, 1994
- **runtime**: 50 mins
- **country**: Cuba
- **language**: Spanish
Naegleria fowleri

***Naegleria fowleri*** is a free-living form of protist typically found in warm fresh water, from 25–35 degrees Celsius. It belongs to a group called the Percolozoa or Heterolobosea.

_N. fowleri_ can invade and attack the human nervous system; although this occurs rarely, such an infection will nearly always result in the death of the victim.
June McCarroll

**June Hill Robertson McCarroll** (June 30, 1867 — March 30, 1954) was a nurse (later a physician) with the Southern Pacific Railroad in the early twentieth century.  She has been credited by Caltrans with the idea of using a painted line to separate lanes of traffic on a highway.  This is now in use all over the world.

The Principal Architectural Historian from Caltrans said “I am not aware of any Caltrans document that specifically credits any individual with initiating painted highway stripes in California”

McCarroll was born and raised in the Adirondacks. She attended a medical college in Chicago.  She moved to Southern California in 1904 with her first husband, John Robertson.  They had hoped that the desert climate would help him with his tuberculosis, but Robertson died in 1914.  She later married Frank McCarroll, the local station manager for the Southern Pacific Railroad.  From 1907 to 1916, she was the only physician regularly practicing in the vast desert between the Salton Sea and Palm Springs.  She was also the only physician serving the area's five Indian reservations for the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

In the fall of 1917, McCarroll was driving on the road leading to her office near Indio, California on a stretch of highway that would later become part of U.S. Route 99.  Today, that part of the highway is part of Indio Boulevard.  She was literally run off the road by a truck, as she recalled many years later:
- My Model T Ford and I found ourselves face to face with a truck on the paved highway.  It did not take me long to choose between a sandy berth [sic] to the right and a ten-ton truck to the left! Then I had my idea of a white line painted down the center of the highways of the country as a safety measure.

McCarroll soon told her idea to the local chamber of commerce and the Riverside County Board of Supervisors, but no one listened.  Finally, she took it upon herself to hand-paint a white stripe down the middle of the road.  This would later help drivers since they could now easily see the actual width of the lane and keep accidents like Nurse McCarroll's from happening again.  Through the Indio Women's Club and many similar women's groups, Nurse McCarroll launched a statewide letter writing campaign to tell of her proposal. In November 1924, the idea was adopted by the California Highway Commission and 3,500 miles of lines were painted at a cost of $163,000. It would not be long before the idea was adopted worldwide.

A memorial plaque to Dr. McCarroll may be found at the intersection of Indio Boulevard and Flower Street in Indio, California. On April 24, 2002, to honor her contribution to road safety, the State of California named the stretch of Interstate 10 near Indio east of the Indio Boulevard/Jefferson Street exit as "The Doctor June McCarroll Memorial Freeway."  To find the plaque with a GPS system, the coordinates are 33º43.260 N, 116º13.040 W.

## Other websites

- Doctor June Hill Robertson McCarroll             biography
Milton Keynes Lightning

**Milton Keynes Lightning** are a ice hockey team based in Milton Keynes. They play in the English Premier Ice Hockey League.
King's Cross station

**King's Cross** station is a railway station in London. It is also home to the King's Cross St. Pancras tube station of the Underground network, which it shares its name from the nearby St Pancras station. Kings Cross is one of the busiest London termini and the UK as a whole coverage, with 25 million passengers using that in 2024 alone, along Liverpool Street station.

## History

King's Cross railway station first opened in 1852.
Plans to make the station were made as early as 1848 by George Turnbull. A detailed design was made by Lewis Cubitt. In 1987, 31 people were killed in a fire.

## Location

The station is located on the north-eastern edge of Central London, where the A501 Euston Road and York Way cross. It is in the Kings Cross district, within the London Borough of Camden, and on the border of the London Borough of Islington.

King's Cross forms the southern terminus of the East Coast Main Line, one of the UK's major railway stations. It was the major terminus of the LNER: the London and North-Eastern Railway Ltd. Immediately to its west is St Pancras station, the terminus for international Eurostar trains.

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Kings Cross
- **alt name**: London Kings Cross
- **symbol**: rail
- **manager**: Network Rail
- **owner**: Network Rail
- **locale**: Kings Cross
- **borough**: London Borough of Camden
- **image name**: File:King's Cross Western Concourse.jpg
- **caption**: Kings Cross station departures
- **platforms**: 12
- **fare zone**: 1
- **railcode**: KGX
- **access**: Yes
- **map type**: Central London
- **interchange**:
St Pancras railway station, London St Pancras Int'l
Euston railway station, London Euston
- **years1**: 1852
- **events1**: Kings Cross station opened
Sakhalin

**Sakhalin** (, ; Japanese:  or ;  or 薩哈林/萨哈林 _Sàhālín_), also known as **Saghalien**, is a large, long Russian island in the North Pacific, placed between 45°50' and 54°24' N.  It is part of Russia territory and is its largest island, administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast. The indigenous peoples of the island are the Sakhalin Ainu, Oroks, and Nivkhs. Most Ainu relocated to Hokkaidō when Japanese were gone from the island in 1949.

The 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War resulted a Japanese victory when the Imperial Russian Navy and the Imperial Russian Army got defeated by the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1905 when the Empire Of Japan led by Emperor Meiji declared war on Tsar Nicholas II in 1904 when Trans-Siberian railway was to built more Railway Tracks in Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty and Korea . Japan took the southern part of Sakhalin and renamed it to South Sakhalin and control it from 1905-1945 .

In August 1945 during the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War 2 in Asia the Soviet Union led by Joseph Stalin invaded South Sakhalin after he invaded Manchukuo this war would be known as the Soviet-Japanese War Of 1945 .

Sakhalin is the subject of a whole book by Anton Chekhov (1895), reprinted in many Russian editions of his collected works. It has been translated into English. Of other old books, there is an interesting one by an Englishman, Charles H. Hawes, To the Uttermost East. (N.Y.: Scribner;s, 1904). Now, however, the island is experiencing an oil boom.

## Other websites

- An old map of Sakhalin and 2 other islands from 1854

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: Sakhalin
- **image name**: Sea of Okhotsk map ZI-2b.PNG
- **location**: Russian Far East, Pacific Ocean
- **coordinates**: 45°50' 54°24' N
- **total islands**: 1
- **rank**: 23rd
- **highest mount**: Lopatin
- **elevation m**: 1609
- **country**: Russia
- **country largest city**: Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk,Toyohara
- **country largest city population**: 174,203
- **population**: 673,100
- **population as of**: 2005
- **density km2**: 8.62
- **ethnic groups**: Russian people, Russians, Korean people, Koreans, Nivkhs, Oroks, Evenks and Yakuts.
Sopwith Camel

The **Sopwith Camel** was a British World War I fighter biplane, it was famous for its poor flight quality and difficulty of handling.

The Sopwith Camel entered service in June 1917.

Unlike many biplanes, the Camel was unpleasant to fly. The Camel could manoeuvre well because of the placement of the engine, pilot, guns, and fuel tank, but controlling the engine torque made flying it difficult and dangerous.

The Camel soon had a bad reputation with pilots. The engine was sensitive to fuel mixture control, and wrong settings caused the engine to cut out during takeoff. Many crashed due to mishandling on takeoff when a full fuel tank affected the center of gravity. As well as this, the Camel was also known for its bad spinning characteristics, where any stall resulted in an uncontrollable spin.

The Camel had better guns and better performance compared to other biplanes. Its controls were light and sensitive. The Camel was one of the best-remembered Allied aircraft of the First World War.
The Camel was credited with shooting down 1,294 enemy aircraft, more than any other Allied fighter.

By 1918 better aircraft had been invented, faster and with better high altitude performance. The camel soon became a ground-attack and infantry support aircraft. When fighting Germans in March 1918, flights of Camels stopped the advancing German Army. Because of this the Camel remained in service until the  (ceasefire).
Anne, Princess Royal

**Anne, Princess Royal**,  (born Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; 15 August 1950), is a member of the British royal family. She is the second child and only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. She is the only sister of King Charles III. Anne is 16th in the line of succession to the British throne. She has been Princess Royal since 1987.

Anne was born at Clarence House in London.  She married Captain Mark Phillips in 1973, and had two children, Peter Phillips and Zara Phillips. They separated in 1989 and later divorced. The Princess married Commander Timothy Laurence RN in 1993.

Ian Ball tried to kidnap (take) the Princess in 1974, but was stopped by her bodyguard and the public. Ball was not sent to prison, but to a mental hospital. Anne is 16th in line to the throne of the United Kingdom, after the two younger brothers, six nieces and nephews, two grand-nephews, and one grand-niece. She is often called the hardest-working member of the British Royal Family.

## Titles

- 15 August 1950 – 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness Princess Anne of Edinburgh
- 15 November 1973 – 13 June 1987: Her Royal Highness The Princess Anne, Mrs Mark Phillips
- 13 June 1987 – present: Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal

## Issue

|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Name</span>|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Birth</span>|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Marriage</span>|style="background:#708090;"|<span style="color:#f9f9f9;">Issue</span>|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Peter Phillips|15 November 1977|17 May 2008|Autumn Kelly|Savannah Phillips Isla Phillips|
|Zara Phillips|15 May 1981|30 July 2011|Mike Tindall|Mia Tindall Lena Tindall Lucas Tindall|

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **embed**: yes


## Infobox (person)

- **embed**: yes
- **education**: Benenden School


## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Anne
- **title**: Princess Royal (#Titles, styles, honours and arms, more)
- **image**: File:Anne, Princess Royal in 2025 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: The Princess Royal in 2025
- **alt**: Anne speaking
- **birth name**: Princess Anne of Edinburgh
- **birth place**: Clarence House, London, England
- **issue-link**: #Issue
- **full name**: Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise Mountbatten-Windsor
- **house**: House of Windsor, Windsor
- **father**: Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
- **mother**: Elizabeth II
- **succession**: Princess Royal
- **reign**: 13 June 1987 – present
- **predecessor**: Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood, Mary