juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Gaurav Khanna

**Gaurav Khanna** (born 11 December 1981) is an Indian television actor. He is known for his roles of Neil in _Jeevan Saathi_, Inspector Kavin in _CID_, and Akshay in _Tere Bin_. He currently plays the role of Anuj Kapadia in Star Plus's _Anupamaa_, for which he won Indian Telly Award for Best Actor (Editorial).

In 2025, while on the reality show _Bigg Boss 19_, Gaurav Khanna publicly revealed that he has colour blindness and has always found traffic lights difficult to interpret.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gaurav Khanna
- **image**: Gaurav Khanna pics.jpg
- **caption**: Khanna in 2022
- **birth place**: Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- **years active**: 2004–present
Karavas

**Karavas** (;  is a town in the north of the Cyprus island.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Karavas
- **pushpin map**: Cyprus
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Cyprus
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**:  • Districts of Cyprus, District
- **subdivision name1**: Kyrenia District
- **subdivision type2**: Country
- **subdivision type3**:  • Districts of Northern Cyprus, District
- **subdivision name3**: Girne District
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 6597
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
- **website**:
Nalin de Silva

**Thakurartha Devadithya Guardiyawasam Lindamulage Nalin Kumara de Silva **is a Sri Lankan philosopher and a political analyst. He is the former Sri Lankan ambassador in Myanmar.

De Silva died on 2 May 2024 in Fremont, California at the age of 79.
Benefit cap

The **benefit cap** in the United Kingdom  limits the amount in state benefits that an individual household can claim per year. The benefit cap started in 2013 at £26,000 per year (£500 per week) which was the average family income in the UK. For single people with no children it was set at £18,200 per year (£350 per week). From Autumn 2016 it was reduced to £20,000, except in London where it was reduced to £23,000.  In 2023 for a couple or a household with children it was £25,323 in London and £22,020 outside of London. For a single person, the annual thresholds are £16,967 in London and £14,753 outside of London.

The policy was challenged in court in 2015 by two lone mothers who said that the benefit cap was discriminatory and unfair.  The Supreme Court  said it was lawful but three of the five judges concluded that the benefit cap breached the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.  In 2015 there was also a successful legal challenge on the grounds that it unlawfully discriminated against disabled people and their carer<nowiki/>s. The policy was changed so that it did not apply to people who get Carer's Allowance.   In 2019 a case by lone parents who argued that the benefit cap discriminated generally against women, who make up most of the population of single parents, and specifically against lone parents with young children failed.  The court held by a majority of 5–2 that the discriminatory effects are justified.
Mohamed Henedi

**Mehammad Henedi Ahmad Abdelgawwad ** () is an Egyptian comedian actor born in Giza, Egypt, on 1 February 1965, and has gained a cinematic bachelor's degree. Henedi started his career in 1984 in short appearances in theaters and cinemas, and he achieved huge success in his two films _Esma'eleya Rayeh Gaii_ and _Sa'ede Fel Gam'a Al Amrekya_. He later starred in the movies _Hamam fi Amsterdam_ (1992), _Belya we Demagho el Alya_, _Saheb Sahbo_ and _Andaleeb Al Dokki_. Mohamed Henedi also dubbed the voices of Timon, Mike Wazowski and Homer Simpson for the Egyptian versions of _The Lion King_, _Monsters, Inc._, and _The Simpsons_ respectively.

Yasmin Elrashidi of _The Wall Street Journal_ said that Henedi was "considered the Robert De Niro of the Middle East."

## Filmography

- _Eskendreyya Kaman w Kaman_ (Alexandria Again and Forever) (1990)
- _Amir el Behar_ (Prince of the Seas) (2009)
- _Andalib el Do'i_ (2008)
- _Antar ebn ebn ebn ebn Shaddad_ (2017)
- _Askar fi el Mo'askar_ (2003)
- _Belya W Demagho el 'Alya_ (2000)
- _Ga'ana El Bayan El Tali_ (2001)
- _Great Beans of China_ (2004)
- _Hamam fi Amsterdam_ (1999)
- _Esmailiyya Rayeh Gai_ (1997)
- _Mesyu Ramadan Mabruk_ (2011) (Mister  Ramadan Mabruk)
- _Ramadan Mabruk Abel'alamen Hamoda_  (2008)
- _Se'idi Fi el Gam'a el Amrikiyya_  (1998)
- _Saheb Sahbo_ (2002)
- _Samaka W Arba Orush_ (1997)
- _Sare' el-Farah_ (1994)
- _Super Henedi_ (2007-2010) (T.V Show)
- _Teta Rahiba_ (2012) (Rauf)
- _Trust!_ (2013) (T.V Show)
- _Weshsh Egram_ (2006)
- _Ya Ana Ya Khalti_ (2005)
- _Yom Morr w Yom Helw_ (1988)
- _Ziyaret El-Sayed El-Ra'is_ (1994)
- _Bekhit w Adila_ (Bekhit and Adila) (1995)
- _Bekhit w Adila 2_ (Bekhit and Adila) (1997)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mehammad Henedi
- **image**: Mohamed Henedy.png
- **caption**: Henedi in 2012
- **birth name**: Mehammad Henedi Ahmad Abdelgawwad
- **birth place**: Giza Governorate, Egypt
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1991–Present
- **spouse**: Abir Elserri Modif Elasead
- **children**: Faridah, Fatima and Ahmad
Somali Armed Forces

The **Somali Armed Forces** are the military forces of the Federal Republic of Somalia. Headed by the president as commander-in-chief, they are constitutionally mandated to ensure the nation's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.

## Other websites

- Historic Handover: Somalia Takes Charge Of Security Bases From African Union, https://somalista.com/somalia-security-transition-african-union-handover/, Somalista
- Air Combat Information Group, Somalia, 1980–1996
- "Weapons at War", a World Policy Institute Issue Brief by William D. Hartung, May 1995, chapter III: Strengthening Potential Adversaries (12th paragraph), Somalia.
- London Somalia Conference 2017. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/london-somalia-conference-2017-security-pact
- United States State Department, 1973MOGADI00510 Army Day Speeches (1973), 14 April 1973, via United States diplomatic cables leak
- https://www.africanaerospace.aero/somalia-battles-for-an-air-force-to-fight-against-terror.html – air force, 2018.
- https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2022/1209/Somalia-rallies-grassroots-to-oppose-jihadist-Al-Shabab.-Will-it-work - 2022
- https://www.voanews.com/a/al-shabab-fighters-killed-in-airstrike-in-somalia/7144064.html -43 militants killed, 2023

## Infobox (national military)

- **name**: Somali Armed Forces
- **native name**: Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed
- **image**: Coat of arms of the Somali Armed Forces.svg
- **caption**: Emblem of the Somali Armed Forces
- **caption2**: Flag of the Somali Armed Forces
- **founded**: 12 April 1960
- **current form**: 2008–09
- **branches**:

- **headquarters**: Mogadishu, Somalia
- **commander-in-chief**: Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
- **commander-in-chief title**: Commander-in-chief
- **chief minister title**: List of prime ministers of Somalia, Prime Minister
- **minister**: Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur
- **minister title**: Ministry of Defence (Somalia), Minister of Defence
- **commander**: Brigadier General Ibrahim Sheikh Muhyadin Addow
- **commander title**: Chief of Defence Force (Somalia), Chief of Defence Force
- **active**: apx 15,000 (2020)
- **foreign suppliers**:

- **ranks**: Military ranks of Somalia
Tiffany Stratton

**Jessica Woynilko** (born May 1, 1999) is an American professional wrestler and former  gymnast. She is currently signed to WWE under the ring name **Tiffany Stratton**, where she performs on their SmackDown brand. She is a former one-time WWE Women's Champion in her first reign, and the winner of the 2024 Women's Money in the Bank ladder match. During her time in NXT she became a one-time NXT Women's Champion.

### Gymnastics

|Event|Date|Location|Place and Sport|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2016 Winter Classic|February 20, 2016|Battle Creek, Michigan|2nd-DM (Open)|
|2016 Elite Challenge|May 7, 2016|Colorado Springs, Colorado|4th-TR (Open); 5th-DM|
|2016 USA Gymnastics Championships|June 12, 2016|Providence, Rhode Island|7th-TR (Open); 3rd-DM|
|2017 Winter Classic|February 25, 2017|Battle Creek, Michigan|7th-DM|
|2017 Elite Challenge|May 20, 2017|Colorado Springs, Colorado|7th-TR (Open)|

### Professional wrestling

- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - Ranked No. 25 of the top 250 female singles wrestlers in the _PWI Women's 250_ in 2023
- ***Women's Wrestling Fan Awards***
    - Breakout Star of the Year (2023)
- **WWE**
    - WWE Women's Championship (1 time)
    - NXT Women's Championship (1 time)
    - NXT Women's Championship Tournament (2023)
    - NXT Year-End Award
        - Female Superstar of the Year (2023)
    - Slammy Award (1 time)
        - NXT Superstar of the Year (2024)
    - Women's Money In the Bank (2024)

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Tiffany Stratton
- **birth name**: Jessica Woynilko
- **image**: Tiffany Stratton August 2024.jpg
- **caption**: Stratton in 2024
- **names**: **Tiffany Stratton**
- **height**: 5 ft 7 in
- **birth place**: Prior Lake, Minnesota, U.S.
- **billed**: **Prior Lake, Minnesota**
- **debut**: November 16, 2021
- **partner**: Ludwig Kaiser (2022–present)
Interstella 5555

**Interstella 5555** (full name: _Interstella 5555: The 5tory of the 5ecret 5tar 5ystem)_ is a movie about Daft Punk trying to place their album Discovery in the track list of a movie. In their childhood, Daft Punk members Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo and Thomas Bangalter were big fans of Space Pirate Captain Harlock. The band worked with the creator of the series, Leiji Matsumoto, and the Japanese animation company, Toei Animation, to make the movie. Interstella 5555 is set to the band's album _Discovery_ album with no additional words and only a few added sound effects.

## Plot

In the movie, we follow the story of a music group from a distant planet. The group attracts the attention of aliens, who can be seen dancing to their song "One More Time". The group of aliens catches the eye of Earthlings. However, they are malicious, and they come to the planet to kidnap the musicians, before transforming them into humans. Their appearances change, and their memories are altered. The artists will do everything to find their native land, helped by an extraterrestrial who has come to Earth.

## Creation

The idea for the film emerged one day in the minds of the two artists, influenced by famous Japanese anime from the 1970s and 1980s. Their love for these works pushed them to fly to Japan.

“We then begin, in parallel with the music, the writing of the story with our friend and collaborator Cédric Hervet, all three lulled as children by Albator and his poetic and enigmatic universe, we dream of an uncertain collaboration with Leiji Matsumoto, and we flew to meet him in the summer of 2000 with our album and the completed synopsis under our arms", explained the members of Daft Punk.

This trip paid off since the film was supervised by the creator of Albator and Galaxy Express 999 himself, Leiji Matsumoto. This explains the resemblance between the character designs of his characters and the protagonists of Interstella 5555. The members of the duo have always had a strong admiration for the work of Mr. Matsumoto, Albator having marked their youth. The manga was won over by the project of the famous electro group on the rise.

“The day Thomas and Guy-Manuel asked me to imagine a visual universe based on their music, I was delighted. […] I saw in their proposal a wink of destiny. It is for me a childhood dream to offer my visions to a wide audience. I didn't really believe in it anymore, and then, at the dawn of the 21st century, Daft Punk came to find me! They told me they discovered Albator when he was 5 years old. This is the age where we imprint what will influence us for the rest of our lives.

## Infobox (japanese)

- **katakana**: インターステラ5555
- **revhep**: Intāsutera Fō Faibu


## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Interstella 5555: The 5tory of the 5ecret 5tar 5ystem
- **image**: Interstella 5555 logo.jpg
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Kazuhisa Takenouchi
- **based on**: _Discovery (Daft Punk album), Discovery_ by Daft Punk
- **cinematography**: Fumio Hirokawa
- **distributor**: EMI/Virgin Records
- **runtime**: 65 minutes
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $4 million
Tommy Shaw

**Tommy Roland Shaw** (born September 11, 1953) is an American guitarist, singer and songwriter best known for his tenure in the rock band Styx as co-lead vocalist. In between his stints with Styx, he has played with other groups including Damn Yankees and Shaw Blades as well as releasing several solo albums.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Tommy Shaw
- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: Tommy Shaw of Styx.JPG
- **caption**: Tommy Shaw performing with Styx on July 2, 2010, at Memorial Park in Omaha, Nebraska
- **birth name**: Tommy Roland Shaw
- **birth place**: Montgomery, Alabama, United States
- **genre**: Hard rock, progressive rock, Bluegrass music, bluegrass, Heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **years active**: 1967–present
- **past member of**: Damn Yankees (band), Damn Yankees, The Smoke Ring (band)#MSFunk, MSFunk, The Smoke Ring (band), the Smoke Ring
- **current member of**: Styx (band), Styx, Shaw Blades
Kandisha (2008 movie)

***Kandisha*** is a 2008 Moroccan horror film directed by Jerome Cohen-Olivar, starring Amira Casar, David Carradine, Michael Cohen, Saïd Taghmaoui, Mourad Zaoui, Hiam Abbass and Assaad Bouab.

## Screening

_Kandisha_ was first screened at the Marrakech International Film Festival in 2008.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Kandisha
- **director**: Jerome Cohen-Olivar
- **writer**: Jérôme Cohen-Olivar
- **music**: Kenneth Lampl
- **cinematography**: Dominique Gentil
- **editing**: Julien Fouré
- **runtime**: 97 minutes
- **country**: Morocco
- **language**: *Arabic
*English
*French
Dorothy Steeves

**Dorothy Gretchen Steeves** (née **Biersteker**; May 26, 1891 – May 9, 1978) was a Dutch-born political figure in British Columbia. She represented North Vancouver in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1934 to 1945 as a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation member.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Dorothy Steeves
- **office**: Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
- **predecessor**: Harley Anderson
- **successor**: John Henry Cates
- **term start**: 1934
- **term end**: 1945
- **constituency**: North Vancouver (provincial electoral district), North Vancouver
- **birth name**: Dorothy Gretchen Biersteker
- **birth place**: Amsterdam, Netherlands
- **death place**: Vancouver, British Columbia
- **spouse**: Rufus Palmer Steeves
- **party**: British Columbia CCF
- **occupation**: Lawyer
ROKS Yeosu

**ROKS _Yeosu_ (PCC-765)** was a  of the Republic of Korea Navy and later transferred to Vietnam People's Navy as **Ship 20**.
Steeve Ho You Fat

**Steeve Ho You Fat** (born 12 June 1988) is a French professional basketball player who last played for Metropolitans 92 in LNB Pro A.

## Infobox (basketball biography)

- **team**: Free agent
- **position**: power forward (basketball), Power Forward
- **birth place**: Cayenne, French Guiana
- **nationality**: French
- **height cm**: 202
- **weight kg**: 90
- **draft year**: 2010
- **career start**: 2008
- **years1**: 2008–2009
- **team1**: Cholet Basket
- **years2**: 2009–2011
- **team2**: Olympique Antibes
- **years3**: 2011–2013
- **team3**: ALM Évreux Basket
- **years4**: 2013–2014
- **team4**: Cholet Basket
- **years5**: 2014–2015
- **team5**: Chorale Roanne Basket
- **years6**: 2015–2016
- **team6**: BC Orchies
- **years7**: 2016–2017
- **team7**: Rouen Métropole Basket
- **years8**: 2017–2019
- **team8**: ALM Évreux Basket
- **years9**: 2019–2021
- **team9**: Chorale Roanne Basket
- **years10**: 2021–2023
- **team10**: Metropolitans 92
Aitor Gelardo

**Aitor Gelardo Vegara** (born 26 June 2002) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Villarreal CF B. Born in Catral, Alicante, Valencian Community, Gelardo was a Villarreal CF youth graduate. He made his senior debut with affiliate club CD Roda on 15 December 2018, starting in a 2–1 Tercera División home win over CD Acero.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Aitor Gelardo
- **full name**: Aitor Gelardo Vegara
- **birth place**: Catral, Spain
- **height**: 1.80m
- **position**: Midfielder#Central midfielder, Midfielder
- **currentclub**: Villarreal CF B, Villarreal B
- **clubnumber**: 14
- **youthclubs1**: Villarreal CF, Villarreal
- **youthyears2**: 2018–2019
- **youthclubs2**: CD Roda, Roda
- **youthyears3**: 2019–2020
- **youthclubs3**: Villarreal CF, Villarreal
- **years1**: 2018
- **clubs1**: CD Roda, Roda
- **caps1**: 1
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 2020–2021
- **clubs2**: Villarreal CF C, Villarreal C
- **caps2**: 26
- **goals2**: 1
- **years3**: 2021–
- **clubs3**: Villarreal CF B, Villarreal B
- **caps3**: 12
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2022–2023
- **clubs4**: → Linares Deportivo, Linares (loan)
- **caps4**: 31
- **goals4**: 1
- **nationalyears1**: 2018–2019
- **nationalteam1**: Spain national under-17 football team, Spain U17
- **nationalcaps1**: 19
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2019
- **nationalteam2**: Spain national under-18 football team, Spain U18
- **nationalcaps2**: 5
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **club-update**: 12 August 2023
Sulaikha Manzil

***Sulaikha Manzil*** is a 2023 Indian Malayalam-language romantic comedy film directed by Ashraf Hamza under the banner Chembosky Motion Pictures. It stars Lukman Avaran, Anarkali Marakar and Chemban Vinod Jose in lead roles. The film was released on 21 April 2023 and received positive reviews from critics.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Sulaikha Manzil
- **caption**: Theatrical Release poster
- **director**: Ashraf Hamza
- **producer**: Chemban Vinod Jose
Subeesh Kannanchery
Sameer Karat
- **writer**: Ashraf Hamza
- **starring**: Lukman Avaran
Chemban Vinod Jose
Anarkali Marikar
- **music**: Vishnu Vijay
- **cinematography**: Kannan Patteri
- **editing**: Noufal Abdullah
- **studio**: Chembosky Motion Pictures
- **distributor**: Century Films
- **released**: 21 April 2023
- **country**: India
- **language**: Malayalam
Rish Pass

**Rish Pass** is a mountain pass in the Balkan Mountains (Stara Planina) in Bulgaria. It connects Shumen and Karnobat.  On the Shumen side of the pass is the village of Rish.
Pendulum (2023 movie)

***Pendulum*** is a 2023 Indian Malayalam-language mystery thriller film written and directed by Rejin S. Babu in his directorial debut. The film stars Vijay Babu as Dr. Mahesh Narayan, who sets out to find answers to some strange experiences during a one-day family trip.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Pendulum
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Rejin S. Babu
- **writer**: Rejin S. Babu
- **music**: Jean P. Johnson
- **cinematography**: Arun Damodaran
- **editing**: Sooraj E. S.
- **distributor**: Bat Bros International
- **runtime**: 106 minutes
- **country**: India
- **language**: Malayalam
Shilongo Uukule

**Shilongo Filippus Uukule** (1919 at Onyaanya – 2010) was senior headman of the Uukwanambwa, a clan of the Ovambo people in Namibia. His residence is located in the Onyaanya Constituency of the Oshikoto Region.
Pretenders to the throne of Mexico

Upon the abolition of the Second Mexican Empire and the execution of Emperor Maximilian I in 1867, pretense to the Mexican Crown passed to and was assumed by the adopted heirs.

The current pretender to the Mexican throne, in right of both the First and Second Empires, is Count Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide, great-grandson of Salvador de Iturbide y de Marzán.

## List of claimants to the Mexican throne

1. **Agustín I** 1823–1824  (Constitutional Emperor of Mexico 1822–1823)
1. **Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte**  **(Agustín II)**  1824–1864
1. **Maximiliano I**  (Emperor of Mexico 1864–1867)
1. **Agustín de Iturbide y Green**  **(Agustín III)**  1867–1925
1. **María Josepha Sophia de Iturbide**  **(María I)**  1925–1949
1. **Maximilian von Götzen-Iturbide**  **(Maximiliano II)**  1949–present
1. **Carlos Felipe de Habsburgo (Carlos I)** 2011-present
Honda CR-X del Sol

The Honda CR-X Del Sol is a limited run of inexpensive Hondas for consumers. The car was released in 1992 and was accepted by dealers and car lovers. the car was only made until 1998 so about 6 years of the Honda due to limited market value.
Rwandan Patriotic Front

The **Rwandan Patriotic Front**  is the ruling political party in Rwanda. The leader is President Paul Kagame. It has governed the country since its armed wing defeated government forces, winning the Rwandan Civil War in 1994.

## Overview

It has been called authoritarian. Elections are not fair. Opposition parties have been banned.  People who criticise them have been arrested or assassinated. There has been electoral fraud.

## Founding

The party was started by  Tutsi refugee intelligentsia in Uganda in 1979.  It was called Rwandese Alliance for National Unity.  In December 1987, it held its seventh congress in Kampala and changed its name.  In 1990 they invaded Rwanda, starting the Rwandan Civil War.   in 1994, it formed a government of national unity headed by a Hutu president, Pasteur Bizimungu.

### Post-Rwandan genocide

In February 1998, Kagame was elected president of the RPF, replacing Alexis Kanyarengwe, and in March 2000 he became the national president. Following a constitutional referendum in 2003, Kagame was elected president with 95% of the vote. The RPF formed a coalition with several smaller parties, which got 74% of the vote in the 2003 parliamentary elections, winning 40 of the 53 elected seats in the Chamber of Deputies.

The coalition won 42 seats in the 2008 parliamentary elections, and Kagame was re-elected as president in 2010 with 93% of the vote.  In the 2013 parliamentary elections the RPF-led coalition won 41 seats.

## Related pages

- Rwandan genocide
Cygnus NG-19

**NG-19** was the nineteenth flight of the Northrop Grumman robotic resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its eighteenth flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-2) contract with NASA. The mission launched on 2 August 2023 at 00:31:14 UTC. This was the eighth launch of Cygnus under the CRS-2 contract.

NG-19 deorbited on January 9, 2024 at 13:06 UTC.

## Infobox (spaceflight/dock)

- **docking target**: International Space Station
- **docking type**: Berth
- **docking port**: Unity nadir
- **capture date**: 4 August 2023, 09:52 UTC
- **docking date**: 4 August 2023, 12:28 UTC
- **undocking date**: 22 December 2023, 13:06 UTC


## Infobox (spaceflight)

- **name**: NG-19
- **image**: Iss069e053962.jpg
- **image caption**: Cygnus S.S. Laurel Clark after arrival at the ISS.
- **mission type**: ISS logistics
- **operator**: Northrop Grumman
- **cospar id**: 2023-110A
- **satcat**: 57448
- **mission duration**:
 (achieved)
- **spacecraft**: S.S. Laurel Clark
- **spacecraft type**: Enhanced Cygnus
- **manufacturer**: Northrop Grumman, Thales Alenia
- **launch date**: August 2, 2023, 00:31:42 (UTC)
- **launch rocket**: Antares 230+
- **launch site**: Wallops Pad 0A
- **launch contractor**: Northrop Grumman
- **disposal type**: Deorbited
- **decay date**: 9 January 2024, 18:22 UTC
- **orbit reference**: Geocentric orbit
- **orbit regime**: Low Earth orbit
- **orbit inclination**: 51.66°
- **insignia**: Cygnus_NG-19_Patch.png
- **insignia caption**: Cygnus NG-19 mission patch
- **programme**: Commercial Resupply Services
- **previous mission**: SpaceX CRS-28
- **next mission**: SpaceX CRS-29
- **programme2**: Cygnus flights
- **previous mission2**: NG-18
- **next mission2**: NG-20
Social Democratic Party (Rwanda)

The **Social Democratic Party**  is a centre-left social democratic political party in Rwanda. The party support the Paul Kagame government.  It started in 1991.  Its main leaders were killed in the morning of the first day of the genocide.

After the genocide the party joined the national unity government. It supported President Paul Kagame in the 2003 presidential elections, and got12% of the vote in the 2003 parliamentary elections, winning seven seats.

The party's vote share rose to 13% in the 2008 elections, as it kept its seven seats. In the 2010 presidential elections the party had Jean Damascene Ntawukuriryayo as its candidate; he received 5% of the vote, coming second to Kagame, who received 93%.

In the 2013 parliamentary elections the party again got 13% of the vote, winning seven seats. It was reduced to five seats in the 2018 elections.
Rezang La

**Rechin La**, also called **Rezang La** in the English language sources in the 1960s, is a mountain pass on the Line of Actual Control between Indian-administered Ladakh and the Chinese-administered Spanggur Lake basin.

## Infobox (mountain pass)

- **name**: Rechin La
- **other name**: Rezang La
- **map**: India Ladakh
- **map relief**: 0
- **elevation m**: 5500
- **location**: Leh district, Ladakh, India - Rutog County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
- **range**: Himalaya, Ladakh Range
G. M. Bhat

**G. M. Bhat** (born 2 July 1959) is a geologist from Jammu and Kashmir, India. He was the head professor at Department of Geology of Jammu University.

In 2020, he was nominated as a member of the Scientific Board of Geoscience Programme (IGCP) by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Prof.
- **name**: G. M. Bhat
- **birth place**: Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
- **alma mater**: University of Kashmir (BA, MA),
 University of Jammu (Ph.D)
- **occupation**: Geologist
Léon-Alfred Opimbat

**Léon-Alfred Opimbat** (born 1950?) is a Congolese politician. He served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Health from 1992 to 1993 and as Minister of National Solidarity and Humanitarian Action from 1997 to 2002, with additional responsibility for the health portfolio beginning in 1999. Subsequently, he was a Deputy in the National Assembly from 2002 to 2007 and again from 2007 to 2011.
Sergey Girinis

**Sergey Vladimirovich Girinis**, until 1919 known as **Raul Isaakovich Ginzburg**, was a Soviet revolutionary, journalist and trade unionist. He was a leading figure in the labour movement in Vilna (Vilnius) in the 1910s, adhering to a Menshevik-Internationalist line. He later joined the Communist Party of Lithuania. After a prisoner exchange, he was based in Moscow and represented Lithuanian trade unions in the Red International of Labour Unions (Profintern). Girinis was a prolific writer, authoring different works on political theory and history.
Rishi Prabhakar

**Guruji Shri Rishi Prabhakar** (1948–2014) was an Indian yogi who instructed many spiritual teachers across the country. He was the founder of Rishi Samskruti Vidya Kendra, a Public Charitable Trust. He also developed many programs such as Siddha Samadhi Yoga (SSY), Kaya Kalpa Kriya (KKK), Advanced Meditation Course (AMC), Bhava Samadhi Training (BST), Hundred Percent Memory (HMP, also known as RCRT), Infant Siddha Program (ISP) and Inspirational Leadership in Rural Development (ILRD) for the well-being of humanity.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Guruji Shri Rishi Prabhakar
- **caption**: Guruji Rishi Prabhakar
- **birth name**: Prabhakar Raghavendra Rao
- **birth date**: 30 August 1948
- **birth place**: Karnataka, India
- **death place**: Bangalore, Karnataka
- **nationality**: Indian
- **citizenship**: Canadian
- **occupation**: Spiritual Leader
- **years active**: 40 years
- **spouse**: Arundhati Rishi Prabhakar
- **children**: Siddhant Rishi Prabhakar
- **mother**: Ramadevi
- **website**: http://www.ssy.org; http://www.ssy.life
- **organisation**: Rishi Samskruti Vidya Kendra (RSVK) and other sister organisation, Founder
Rosicrucians

The **Rosicrucians** are a mystical and esoteric secret society that originated in the early 17th century in Europe. The term "Rosicrucian" is often used to refer to a movement or a set of philosophical and spiritual beliefs rather than a specific organization. The origins of the Rosicrucian movement are shrouded in mystery, and it's debated whether the movement had actual historical roots or if it was more of a symbolic and allegorical creation.

The Rosicrucian manifestos, which include works like the "Fama Fraternitatis" (The Fame of the Brotherhood) and the "Confessio Fraternitatis" (The Confession of the Brotherhood), were published in the early 17th century. These manifestos presented the ideas and principles of the Rosicrucian movement. The manifestos discussed the pursuit of esoteric knowledge, spiritual enlightenment, and the application of alchemical and mystical principles for personal and societal transformation.

The Rosicrucian movement influenced various aspects of Western esotericism, alchemy, and mysticism. Over the centuries, several organizations have claimed to be connected to the Rosicrucian tradition, each with its own interpretation of its teachings and rituals. These organizations often operate as initiatory societies, with members progressing through different degrees of knowledge and understanding.

It's important to note that interpretations of Rosicrucianism can vary, and the movement has taken on different forms throughout history. Some modern organizations that identify as Rosicrucian continue to explore spiritual, mystical, and philosophical principles, often incorporating elements of symbolism, alchemy, and mysticism into their teachings.
Liberal Party (Rwanda)

The **Liberal Party**  is a liberal political party in Rwanda led by Prosper Higiro.  It was started in 1991. Although it refused to join the government formed by Sylvestre Nsanzimana later in the year, it joined Dismas Nsengiyaremye's government in April 1992.  It  split into pro- and anti-government factions.

It joined the Rwandan Patriotic Front-led government in 1994.   In the 2003 parliamentary elections the party got 11% of the vote and won six of the 53 elected seats.

In 2007 Protais Mitali was elected leader of the party. A dispute over the conduct of the elections led to two MPs and five officials being expelled from the party. The 2008 parliamentary elections saw the party's vote share fall to 7.5%. It was reduced to four seats.

Higiro was nominated as the party's candidate for the 2010 presidential elections, receiving 1.4% of the vote. In the 2013 parliamentary elections the party got 9% of the vote, winning five seats. It was reduced to four seats in the 2018 parliamentary elections.
Theosophy

Theosophy refers to a set of spiritual and esoteric beliefs and practices that aim to explore and understand the nature of reality, the divine, and the purpose of existence. The term "Theosophy" is derived from the Greek words "theos," meaning "god," and "sophia," meaning "wisdom." Theosophical teachings often incorporate elements from various religious, philosophical, and mystical traditions.

The modern Theosophical movement was founded in the late 19th century by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, and William Quan Judge. They sought to synthesize and revitalize ancient spiritual wisdom, drawing from Eastern and Western religious traditions, mysticism, and occultism.

Key principles of Theosophy include:

1. Unity of All Religions: Theosophy asserts that at their core, all major world religions share a common spiritual truth.
1. Reincarnation: The belief in the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth as a means of spiritual evolution.
1. Karma: The law of cause and effect, where actions in one life have consequences in future lives.
1. Hierarchy of Spiritual Beings: Theosophy describes a hierarchy of spiritual entities, from divine beings to more advanced spiritual entities and human souls.
1. Esoteric Knowledge: Theosophists believe in the existence of hidden or esoteric knowledge that can lead to spiritual enlightenment and understanding.
1. Brotherhood of Humanity: The idea that all humans are interconnected and part of a larger spiritual brotherhood.

The Theosophical Society, founded in 1875, has branches worldwide and continues to be a source of study and exploration for individuals interested in spiritual and metaphysical topics. It's worth noting that Theosophy has inspired various offshoots and interpretations over the years, and different individuals may emphasize different aspects of its teachings.
Mutuelle de Santé

**Mutuelle de Santé** is a community-based health insurance scheme run by the Rwandan government.

In March 2020 it signed a 10-year contract with Babylon Health to roll out their mobile phone based Babyl service over the next ten years. This was supposed to establish a universal primary care service. 30% of the adult population was registered with the service in 2020.
Rasha Shamaliya

**Rasha Shamaliya** ()  is a Syrian village located in Kafr Nabl Nahiyah in Maarrat al-Nu'man District, Idlib.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Rasha Shamaliya
- **native name**: راشا الشمالية
- **native name lang**: ar
- **settlement type**: Village
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **pushpin map**: Syria
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin mapsize**: 250
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Syria
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Governorates of Syria, Governorate
- **subdivision name1**: Idlib Governorate, Idlib
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Syria, District
- **subdivision name2**: Maarrat al-Nu'man District
- **subdivision type3**: Nahiyah, Subdistrict
- **subdivision name3**: Kafr Nabl Nahiyah
- **parts type**: Jaish al-Fatah, Occupation
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Jaish al-Fatah
- **population total**: 694
- **population as of**: 2004
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
- **blank name sec1**: City Qrya Pcode
- **blank info sec1**: C4049
King Faisal Hospital (Kigali)

**King Faisal Hospital** is the biggest hospital in Rwanda.  It is in  the Rwandan capital, Kigali. It was built between 1987 and 1991 with the help of the Saudi Fund for Development.  The hospital spreads over 7.9 hectares.  It has 18,000 square meters of floor space on 4 floors and an extension building of 2,285 square meters of floor space. There are 160 beds and 5 operating theatres. The hospital has a range of highly specialized medical care, including the diagnosis of diseases and specialized treatment. There is a catheterization lab and an MRI digital scanner.
Anthony Smith (fighter)

**Anthony Smith** (born July 26, 1988) is an American professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Light Heavyweight division in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional competitor since 2008, Smith has also formerly competed for Strikeforce and Bellator. As of December 12, 2023, he is #10 in the UFC light heavyweight rankings.

## Infobox (martial artist)

- **name**: Anthony Smith
- **other names**: Lionheart
- **image size**: 200px
- **birth place**: Corpus Christi, Texas, U.S.
- **height**: 6 ft 4 in
- **weight class**: Middleweight (MMA), Middleweight (2008–2018)
 Light Heavyweight (MMA), Light Heavyweight (2018–present)
- **reach**: 76 in
- **fighting out of**: Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
- **trainer**: Marc Montoya
- **team**: Mick Doyle's Kickboxing Academy
 Factory X (2017–present)
- **rank**: Black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
- **years active**: 2008–present
- **mma kowin**: 20
- **mma subwin**: 14
- **mma decwin**: 3
- **mma koloss**: 11
- **mma subloss**: 4
- **mma decloss**: 4
- **sherdog**: 29470
Radim Drejsl

**Radim Drejsl** (29 April 1923 – 20 April 1953) was a Czech composer, pianist and conductor. He is considered an important composer of politically engaged songs promoting visions of Czechoslovak communist regime in the 1950s. Drejsl applied the ideas of socialist realism in his music.
Abu Hamza al-Masri

**Abu Hamza al-Masri** was a Egyptian Imam born in Alexandria, Egypt in the year 1958. Al-Masri moved to the UK in 1979 with the intent to preach Alevi Islam. He originally called the UK, "a paradise where you could do anything you wanted" however he retracted these claims after he joined Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and converted to Sunni Islam. He was later arrested for terrorism in 2004 and was  given a life sentence in 2017 for terrorism.
Rishabhdeo

**Rikhabdeo** ( **Rishabhadeo**) is a town in Udaipur district in the state of Rajasthan, in north-west India.

Rishabhadeo is situated  from Udaipur and is on Udaipur-Ahmedabad Road. The name of the town is also Dhulev The place got its name from a Bhil chieftain named Dhuleva who guarded the temple of Lord Rishabhdev.
Ravina Raj Kohli

**Ravina Raj Kohli**, earlier President of the STAR News and the Chief Executive officer of Channel Nine, is one of the prominent media personalities of India.

## References

- _The Voyage To Excellence_ by Nichinta Amarnath and Debashish Ghosh, )
Boston (band)

**Boston** is an American rock band formed in 1976 by Tom Scholz in Boston, Massachusetts, that experienced significant commercial success during the 1970s and 1980s. The band's core members include multi-instrumentalist, founder and leader Scholz, who played the majority of instruments on the band's 1976 self-titled debut album, and former lead vocalist Brad Delp, among a number of other musicians who varied from album to album.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Boston
- **image**: Boston 1977.JPG
- **alt**: 1976 black-and-white photo of the American rock band Boston for their self-titled debut studio album Boston. From left to right guitarist Barry Goudreau, band leader Tom Scholz, drummer Sib Hashian, singer Brad Delp, and bassist Fran Sheehan.
- **caption**: Boston in 1976. From left to right:
Barry Goudreau, Tom Scholz, Sib Hashian, Brad Delp, Fran Sheehan.
- **landscape**: yes
- **origin**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **discography**: Boston discography
- **years active**: 1975–present
- **current members**: * Tom Scholz
* Gary Pihl
* Jeff Neal
* Tommy DeCarlo
* Tracy Ferrie
* Beth Cohen (musician), Beth Cohen
* Curly Smith
- **past members**: * Brad Delp
* Jim Masdea
* Fran Sheehan
* Sib Hashian
* Barry Goudreau
* David Arthur Sikes
* Doug Huffman
* Fran Cosmo
* Anton Cosmo
* Anthony Citrinite
* Michael Sweet
* David Victor
* Kimberley Dahme
Pseudophilautus dilmah

The **Dilmah shrub frog** (_Pseudophilautus dilmah_) is a frog.  It lives in Sri Lanka. Scientists have seen it in exactly one place: Loolkandura, 1324 meters above sea level.
Healthcare in Rwanda

Rwanda has a universal health care system.  It has been set up since 1996.  It is considered to be one of the highest-quality health systems in Africa.

President Kagame has made healthcare a priority.  In 2008, the government spent 9.7% of the budget on healthcare, compared with 3.2% in 1996. There is a  system of health insurance providers called _mutuelles de santé_.  They run at the level of Rwanda's thirty districts.  The cost is according to wealth. The poorest citizens get free health insurance and the wealthiest paying premiums of US$8 per adult a year.  The government set up training institutes including the Kigali Health Institute. That was started in 1997 and is now part of the University of Rwanda.  There are 499 health centers,  42 district hospitals and  58,286 Community Health Workers who provide primary care in the 14,837 villages. There are four national specialist hospitals, which are Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Butare University Teaching Hospital, King Faisal Hospital Kigali and the Rwanda Military Hospital.
University of Rwanda

**University of Rwanda**  is a public collegiate, multi campus university based in Kigali, Rwanda. It was formed in 2013 by merger of previously independent education institutions. It is the largest education institution in Rwanda.  There are six independent self-governing colleges  on eight campuses.

In 2021–2022  the university had 31,506 students, with 2058 in Masters Programs and 324 in Doctorate Programs.
Ferdinand I of Austria

**Ferdinand I** (19 April 1793 – 29 June 1875) was Emperor of Austria from March 1835 until his abdication in December 1848. He was also King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia (as **Ferdinand V**), King of Lombardy–Venetia and holder of many other lesser titles.

## Infobox (officeholder/office)

- **termstart**: 2 March 1835
- **termend**: 12 July 1848
- **predecessor**: Francis I
- **successor**: Franz Joseph I


## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Ferdinand I & V
- **image**: File:Kaiser Ferdinand I von Österreich in ungarischer Adjustierung mit Ordensschmuck c1830.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait of Ferdinand I
- **succession**: Emperor of Austria
 King of Hungary
- **moretext**: (Grand title of the emperor of Austria, more...)
- **cor-type**: Coronations
- **coronation**:

- **reign**: 2 March 1835
- **predecessor**: Francis I of Austria, Francis I
- **successor**: Franz Joseph I
- **succession1**: President of the German Confederation, Head of the _Präsidialmacht_ Austria
- **house**: Habsburg-Lorraine
- **father**: Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
- **mother**: Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
- **birth place**: Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire
- **death place**: Olomouc, Austrian Empire
- **burial place**: Imperial Crypt
- **signature**: Signatur Ferdinand I. (Österreich).PNG
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism
Abu Khaled

**Abu Khaled** (, <small>romanized:</small> _Abū Khāled_) is the _nom de guerre_ of a Palestinian militant commander who is the spokesperson for the National Resistance Brigades, the military wing of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, a leftist political and military organization. Nothing is known of his identity or personal life. He was active on Twitter before his account was removed. He has been the spokesperson for the organization for more than a decade. In 2022, he resigned from his position over controversy surrounding the DFLP's participation in the Palestinian Central Council, but has since rejoined the organization. On October 8, 2023, he announced the DFLP's involvement in 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel.

## Infobox (person)

- **native name**: أبو خالد
- **native name lang**: ar
- **nationality**: Palestinian
- **organization**: National Resistance Brigades
- **known for**: Being the spokesperson for DFLP's military wing
Umm El Qa'ab

**Umm El Qaʻāb** (sometimes spelled Umm El Gaʻab) is a burial place for Early Dynasty Period kings in Abydos, Egypt. Its name in Arabic means "Mother of Pots" because there are many broken pieces of pots and dishes all around. In ancient times, people left offerings here, and that's why there are so many pieces left behind.

## Pre-dynastic tombs

- **U-j**: Unknown ruler, but possibly Scorpion I  found in tomb, also possible pre dynastic ruler Bull is mentioned in one of the ivory tablets.
- **B1/B2**: Iry-Hor
- **B7/B9**: Ka

## First Dynasty tombs

It's known as  _Cemetery B_, this area contains the Early Dynastic tombs of the pharaohs of the First Dynasty of Egypt and the last two kings of the Second Dynasty.

- **B17/B18**: Narmer
- **B10/B15/B19**: Aha
- **O**: Djer
- **Z**: Djet
- **Y**: Merneith
- **T**: Den
- **X**: Anedjib
- **U**: Semerkhet
- **Q**: Qa'a

## Second Dynasty tombs

The last two kings of the Second Dynasty wre buried at Umm El Qa'ab

- **P**: Peribsen.
- **V**: Khasekhemwy.

## Infobox (ancient site)

- **name**: Umm El Qa'ab
- **image**: Umm el-Qaab.jpg
- **caption**: A picture of Umm El Qa'ab, that shows many broken pots in the sand.
- **relief**: yes
- **map size**: 250
- **location**: Egypt
- **region**: New Valley Governorate
Candido Portinari

**Candido Portinari** (December 29, 1903 – February 6, 1962) was a Brazilian painter. He was the son of Italian emmigrants. He  was one of the most important Brazilian painters and a leading name in the neo-realism style.

Portinari painted a large number of canvas, more than five thousand canvases. He did historical and realistic paintings. He also created monumental works like the _War and Peace_ panels, donated to the United Nations Headquarters in 1956. His body of work reflects his Marxist beliefs.
Grand Orient de France

**Grand Orient de France** (acronym GODF, translated as "Grand Orient of France") is the oldest and largest of several Masonic organizations based in France and the oldest in continental Europe (as it was formed from an older Grand Lodge of France in 1773 and briefly absorbed the rear of the older body in 1799, so that it can date its foundation to 1728 or 1733). The Grand Orient de France is generally regarded as the "mother lodge" of Continental Freemasonry.

The motto _Liberté_, _Egalité_, _Fraternité_, which it adopted in 1848, follows the pages of history and voluntarily merges with the French Republic.

Since August 2025, the President is Pierre Bertinotti.

## Other websites

- Grand Orient de France
Graham Ivan Clark

**Graham Ivan Clark** (born January 9, 2003) is an American hacker and cybercriminal, who was behind the 2020 Twitter account hijacking.

## Early life

Graham Ivan Clark grew up in Hillsborough County, Florida, with his mother, father, and sister. When he was a teenager, Clark used nicknames while being a part of online communities, including _Minecraft_. In 2018, Graham joined OGUsers, a forum that is dedicated to selling, buying, and trading online accounts with 'cool' usernames. He was banned on the forums due to scamming Minecraft Capes.

In 2019, at the age of 16, Clark was involved in stealing 164 bitcoins from Gregg Bennett, an investor in Seattle using a SIM swap attack. The United States Secret Service was only able to recover 100 bitcoins.

## 2020 Twitter account hijacking

Clark is widely known as the "mastermind" of the 2020 Twitter account hijacking, an event where Clark and two partners hacked 130 high-profile Twitter accounts to do a cryptocurrency scam involving bitcoin, and stealing "OG" usernames to sell on the OGUsers forum.

## Arrest

On July 31, 2020, Clark was arrested at his home in Northdale, Florida. He faced 30 criminal charges, including 17 counts of communication fraud, 11 counts of fraudulent use of personal information, one count of organized fraud for more than $5,000, and one count of accessing a computer or electronic device without authority. His bail was set at $725,000 and he pleaded not guilty.

His hearing was held on March 16, 2021 via Zoom at Hillsborough County Jail. He was sentenced to three years in prison followed by three years of probation as part of a plea deal under Florida's Youthful Offender Act, which limits the penalties of convicted felons under the age of 21.

Clark was released from Saint Petersburg Community Release Center on February 16, 2023.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Graham Ivan Clark
- **image**: GIC Booking Image.png
- **caption**: Booking photo from July 2020
- **birth name**: Graham Ivan Clark
- **birth place**: Tampa, Florida, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **education**: Gaither High School
- **known for**: 2020 Twitter bitcoin scam
- **criminal status**: Released
- **mother**: Emilya Clark
Maffick

**Maffick LLC** is a digital media company based in Los Angeles, California. It has been labelled a Russian-backed entity due to its connections to Maffick Media GmbH, which was owned by RT.

On February 28, 2022, CEO Anissa Naouai terminated Maffick's service agreement with RT following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Brands

According to CNN, Maffick "videos are generally critical of U.S. foreign policy and the mainstream American media, while largely avoiding criticism of the Russian government." Its content is aimed at American millennials.

The company runs three main brands: _In the Now_ (ITN), _Wasted-ED_, and _Soapbox_. By mid-2018, _In The Now_ had three million likes on Facebook; by mid-2020, it had five million followers.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Maffick LLC
- **logo**: File:Maffick Logo.png
- **industry**: Digital media
- **predecessor**: Maffick Media GmbH
- **founded**: July 2019 in Los Angeles, California
- **hq location**: 2917 W Temple St. suite 102, Los Angeles, California
- **owner**: Anissa Naouai
- **website**: https://wearemaffick.com/#home