Ranidae

The **Ranidae** or **true frogs** can be found in most countries except Antarctica. The true frogs can be found in North America, northern South America, Europe, Asia, Madagascar, Africa, East Indies, New Guinea, and Australia. The bullfrog is the largest true frog in North America. Usually, true frogs are smooth, moist-skinned frogs, with large, powerful legs and have webbed feet. The smallest true frogs are the Wood frog (_Rana sylvatica_). The largest is the Goliath frog (_Conraua goliath_). True frogs are semi-aquatic frogs. They live near water.

## Subfamilies

Subfamilies included under Ranidae are the following. Some are sometimes treated as separate families:
- Ceratobatrachinae (Malaysia, Philippines, Borneo, Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago)
- Conrauinae (Africa)
- Dicroglossinae
- Micrixalinae (India)
- Nyctibatrachinae (Western Ghats, India; Sri Lanka)
- Petropedetinae (Africa)
- Ptychadeninae (mainly Africa)
- Raninae
- Ranixalinae (India)

### Genera

- _Afrana_
- _Allopaa_ <small>Ohler & Dubois, 2006</small>
- _Amietia_
- _Amolops_
- _Anhydrophryne_
- _Arthroleptella_
- _Arthroleptides_
- _Aubria_
- _Babina_ (sometimes included in _Rana_)
- _Batrachylodes_
- _Cacosternum_
- _Ceratobatrachus_
- _Chaparana_
- _Chrysopaa_ <small>Ohler & Dubois, 2006</small>
- _Clinotarsus_ <small>Mivart 1869</small> (formerly in _Rana_, includes _Nasirana_)
- _Conraua_
- _Dimorphognathus_
- _Discodeles_
- _Ericabatrachus_
- _Euphlyctis_
- _Fejervarya_ (formerly in _Rana_, paraphyletic)
- _Fagayman_
- _Glandirana_ (formerly in _Rana_)
- _Hildebrandtia_
- _Hoplobatrachus_
- _Huia_ (polyphyletic)
- _Humerana_ Dubois, 1992 (four species)
- _Hylarana_ <small>Tschudi 1838</small> (formerly in _Rana_)
- _Indirana_
- _Ingerana_
- _Lankanectes_
- _Lanzarana_
- _Limnonectes_
- _Meristogenys_ (might belong in _Huia_)
- _Micrixalus_
- _Microbatrachella_
- _Minervarya_
- _Nannophrys_
- _Nanorana_
- _Natalobatrachus_
- _Nothophryne_
- _Nyctibatrachus_
- _Occidozyga_
- _Odorrana_ (formerly in _Rana_)
- _Paa_
- _Palmatorappia_
- _Pelophylax_ <small>Fitzinger 1843</small> (formerly in _Rana_, probably paraphyletic)
- _Petropedetes_
- _Phrynobatrachus_
- _Phrynodon_
- _Platymantis_
- _Pseudoamolops_
- _Poyntonia_
- _Pterorana_
- _Ptychadena_
- _Pyxicephalus_
- _Rana_
- _Sanguirana_ (formerly in _Rana_)
- _Sphaerotheca_
- _Staurois_
- _Strongylopus_
- _Sylvirana_
- _Tomopterna_

## Books

- (2007): Paraphyly of Chinese _Amolops_ (Anura, Ranidae) and phylogenetic position of the rare Chinese frog, _Amolops tormotus_. _Zootaxa_ **1531**: 49–55. PDF fulltext
- (2004): _Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians_ (2nd ed.). Fog City Press. <small></small>
- (2006): Amphibian Species of the World Version 3 - Petropedetidae Noble, 1931. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Retrieved 2006-AUG-05.
- (2006): The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Number 297. New York.
- (1961): Osmotic Regulation in the Crab-Eating Frog (_Rana cancrivora_). _J. Exp. Biol._ **38**(3): 659–678. PDF fulltext
- (2007) Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life. _Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution_ **42**(2): 331–338. <small></small> PDF fulltext
- (2005): Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (_Rana_). _Mol. Phylogenet. Evol._ **34**(2): 299–314. <small></small> PDF fulltext
- (2008): Genetic Divergences and Phylogenetic Relationships Among the _Fejervarya limnocharis_ Complex in Thailand and Neighboring Countries Revealed by Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes. _Zoological Science_ **25**(4): 381–390. <small></small> (HTML abstract)
- (2009): Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names. _Herpetologica_ **65**: 115-128.  PDF fulltext
- (2008): The phylogenetic problem of _Huia_ (Amphibia: Ranidae). _Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution_ **46**(1): 49-60. <small></small> PDF fulltext

## Other websites

- Amphibian and Frogs of Peninsular Malaysia - Family Ranidae)