juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Satyagraha

**Satyagraha** ( _satyāgraha_) is the idea of non-violent resistance (fighting with peace) started by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (also known as "Mahatma" Gandhi). Gandhi used _satyagraha_ in the Indian independence movement and also during his earlier struggle in South Africa.

_Satyagraha_ helped shape Nelson Mandela's struggle in South Africa under apartheid, Martin Luther King, Jr.'s campaigns during the civil rights movement in the United States, and many other similar movements.  Someone who does _satyagraha_ is a **satyagrahi_.

He also used in his peculiar movements and numerous non - violent struggles in the motherland of India. Like Daandi March, Non - Cooperation Movement, Salt March; etc.

## Meaning of the term

The word _Satyagraha_ is from the Sanskrit words _satya_ meaning truth and _Aagraha_ insistence", or "holding firmly to"). For Gandhi, _Satyagraha_ went far beyond just "passive resistance" (resisting without taking action) according to him it was a moral force born of truth and non-violence. His non-violence also became his strength. He said that he chose the name because Truth means Love, and Insistence means Force, and the Sanskrit name showed it was a force born from Truth and Love (non-violence).

He also wrote that he liked the term "Civil Resistance" better than "Civil disobedience". Gandhi also translated it as "love force" or "soul force".

### Main Points of Satyagraha

In _Satyagraha', the goal, Gandhi said, is to change the mind of the wrong-doer, not to force him.  Winning means getting along with the enemy to make what is wrong right again, which they might not realize is wrong. For this to happen, the enemy's mind must change to realize that he is stopping a goal that is right.
1. Nonviolence (ahimsa)
1. Truth — this includes honesty, but also means living fully for what is true, and agreeing with it
1. Not stealing
1. Chastity (brahmacharya) — this means keeping moral sexually, but also giving more attention to following truth than to satisfying urges.
1. Non-possession or nor owning (not the same as being poor)
1. Body-labor or bread-labor
1. Not eating much that is not good
1. Not being afraid
1. Equal respect for all religions
1. Fighting with boycotts (not spending or buying from those who are a problem)
1. Freedom from untouchability, or the idea of a caste (a group of people with the same amounts of money and power) that is so low that it "cannot be touched".

Another time, Gandhi gave seven important rules: A satyagrahi:
1. must have a living faith in God
1. must believe in truth and non-violence, and have faith in the goodness of human nature
1. must be leading a chaste (moral) life, and be willing to die or lose all he owns
1. must be a _khadi_ wearer and spinner
1. must stay away from alcohol
1. must follow all other rules of discipline he gave them .
1. if he is put in jail, he must obay the jail rules, unless they are specially made to hurt his self-respect

## Other websites

- 'Satyagraha 100 Years Later', with Arun Gandhi from **Democracy Now!'''
- The Story of Satyagraha by Dr. Jyotsna Kamat
Spanair

**Spanair** was an airline based in Catalonia which is in Spain. It's main base of operations or hub is at Barcelona Airport but it also flew many flights from Madrid Airport and Palma de Mallorca Airport. The airline was a member of the major airline alliance Star Alliance. Spanair stopped its flight operations the 27th of January, 2012, when its closure was announced.

## Destinations

Spanair flew mainly to destinations in Europe with only a very limited number of flights to the north of Africa. They also had charter flights for holiday companies.

## Fleet

This is a summary of the Spanair fleet:

- 19x Airbus A320
- 5x Airbus A321
- 4x Boeing 717
- 2x McDonnell Douglas MD-82
- 5x McDonnell Douglas MD-83
- 8x McDonnell Douglas MD-87

The entire fleet was sold to different airlines in 2012.

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Spanair
- **logo**: Spanair_Logo_2.jpg
- **logo size**: 200
- **fleet size**: 29
- **destinations**: 40
- **iata**: JK
- **icao**: JKK
- **callsign**: SPANAIR
- **parent**: Consortium of Investors (led by Consorci de Turisme de Barcelona and Catalana d'Iniciatives) (80.1%)
iberiojet (19.9%)
- **key people**: Mike Szücs, CEO
- **hubs**: Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport, Barcelona
- **focus cities**: <div>
*
*Palma de Mallorca Airport, Palma de Mallorca
*Tenerife North Airport, Tenerife–North
</div>
- **frequent flyer**: Spanair Star
- **alliance**: Star Alliance (2003–2012)
Vueling

**Vueling Airlines** (often called just **Vueling**) is a Spanish airline. It is based in Barcelona. It was founded in 2004. The airline is a 'low-cost' airline. This means they try to make their tickets as affordable as possible for passengers. In 2009, Vueling merged with another Spanish airline called Clickair. Vueling is the 2nd largest airline in Spain.

## Destinations

Most of Vueling's flights are between Europe. There's also some flights to Africa and Asia. Vueling currently goes to 155 cities.

## Fleet

Vueling owns 102 Airbus A320 family planes.

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Vueling
- **iata**: VY
- **icao**: VLG
- **callsign**: VUELING
- **hubs**: <div>
*Barcelona–El Prat Airport, Barcelona
*Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport, Rome–Fiumicino
</div>
- **frequent flyer**: Vueling Club
<small>(Part of Avios Loyalty programme)</small>
- **fleet size**: 117
- **destinations**: Vueling destinations, 148
- **company slogan**: _We Love Places_
- **parent**: International Airlines Group, IAG (97.52%)
- **logo**: Logo Vueling.svg
- **logo size**: 230
- **headquarters**: El Prat de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- **founded**: 2004
- **key people**: Javier Sánchez-Prieto (Chairman & CEO),
Calum Laming (CXO),
Michael Delehant (CSO),
Jorge Saco (CFO)
- **subsidiaries**: Anisec Luftfahrt
- **operating income**: €138.1 million (2015)
- **net income**: €95.3 million (2015)
- **assets**: €688.7 million (2015)
- **equity**: €237.2 million (2012)
Binter Canarias

**Binter Canarias** is an airline operating in the Canary Islands, part of Spain. Their headquarters is on the island of Gran Canaria. Most of their flights are between the islands of the Canary Islands. Binter Canarias also flies to Morocco and Madeira.

The Binter Canarias has 21 ATR-72s aircraft.  Three of them are the older 200 series. The other 18 are the newer 500 series.
Air Europa

**Air Europa** is a Spanish airline based on the Balearic island of Mallorca. It operates flights within Spain but also to other places in Europe and further away, it concentrates on the holiday market. Since September 2007, Air Europa has been a member of the Skyteam alliance.

## Destinations

Air Europa flies to destinations in Europe, Africa and both North and South America.

## Fleet

The Air Europa fleet is:

- 6x Airbus A330-200
- 26x Boeing 737-800
- 2x Boeing 767-300ER
- 6x Embraer E-195
Air Nostrum

**Air Nostrum** (trading as Iberia Regional) is a regional airline based in Spain. It is not actually owned by Iberia however it works in very close partnership with them. Another interesting fact is that Air Nostrum's main base is Valencia Airport, not Madrid Airport the main base of Iberia Airlines.

The airline was established on 23 May 1994 and started operations on 15 December.

## Destinations

As well as flying to many airports in Spain Air Nostrum operates flights to other European countries, for example Italy, Belgium, France, Croatia and Portugal.

## Fleet

Air Nostrum has a total fleet size of 70 airplanes:

- 5x ATR 72-500
- 35x Bombardier CRJ200
- 11x Bombardier CRJ900
- 19x Bombardier Dash-8 -Q300
Cycad

**Cycads** are seed plants whose fossils are first found in the early Permian period.

They were very common in the Mesozoic era, the age of the dinosaurs, and are still living, but are now much less common. Only nine genera (about 100 species) of cycads are extant nowadays. In the Lower Jurassic they were part of the forests which became the Jurassic coal measures in part of the world. The fronds could be reached and eaten by some of the typical herbivores of the day.

Cycads are thought to have evolved from order Pteridospermae (seed ferns) of angiosperms, now totally extinct.

They are different from most plants because they have large crowns of compound leaves and a stout trunk. They are evergreen, dioecious plants having large pinnately compound leaves.

They are frequently confused with and mistaken for palms or ferns, but are only distantly related to both, and instead belong to the division **Cycadophyta**.

Cycads are gymnosperms (naked seeded). Their unfertilized seeds are open to the air to be directly fertilized by pollination. This contrasts with angiosperms, which have enclosed seeds and more complex fertilization arrangements. Cycads have very specialized pollinators, usually a specific species of beetle.

They have been reported to fix nitrogen in association with various cyanobacteria living in the roots (the "coralloid" roots).

These photosynthetic cyanobacteria produce a neurotoxin called BMAA that is found in the seeds of cycads. This is a typical defence against herbivory. the neurotoxin may enter a food chain if the cycad seeds are eaten, and may cause some neurological diseases.
Melodic hardcore

**Melodic hardcore** is a subgenre of hardcore punk. Exploring melodies are an important part of melodic hardcore. Gunther "Puddinfoot" Crines described the style as "just so nice". It came out of L.A. hardcore with The Descendants. In 1985, The Descendents worked with two new singers, Dave Smalley of DYS and Dag Nasty. Bad Religion also worked in this style. Another well known melodic hardcore band is Pennywise.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Melodic hardcore
- **bgcolor**: crimson
- **color**: white
- **cultural origins**: Early 1980s United States
- **popularity**: Some popularity in the 1990s, continued in the 2000s
- **derivatives**: Youth crew
Daisuke Yoneyama

**Daisuke Yoneyama** (born 10 June 1982) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2002||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2003||Sagan Tosu||J. League 2||23||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||23||2
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||3||1||0||0||2||0||5||1
|-
|2005||7||1||0||0||3||0||10||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Rosso Kumamoto||Regional Leagues||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2006||Football League||19||4||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||4
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Zweigen Kanazawa||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||13||8||3||0||colspan="2"|-||16||8
|-
|2008||13||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||15||2
79||18||5||0||5||0||89||18
79||18||5||0||5||0||89||18
Manuel Pasqual

**Manuel Pasqual** (born 13 March 1982) is an Italian football player. He plays for Fiorentina.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1999/00||Derthona||Nazionale Dilettanti||0||0
|-
|2000/01||Pordenone||Serie D||30||1
|-
|2001/02||Treviso||Serie C1||2||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="4"|Arezzo||rowspan="3"|Serie C1||10||0
|-
|2002/03||31||1
|-
|2003/04||28||1
|-
|2004/05||Serie B||38||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="5"|Fiorentina||rowspan="5"|Serie A||35||1
|-
|2006/07||34||0
|-
|2007/08||29||0
|-
|2008/09||19||1
|-
|2009/10||||
256||5
256||5
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|2006||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}
Enzo Maresca

**Enzo Maresca** (born 10 February 1980) is an Italian football player. He plays for Olympiacos.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|West Bromwich Albion||rowspan="2"|First Division||22||2||||||||||colspan="2"|-||22||2
|-
|1999/00||19||3||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||20||3

|-
|2000/01||Juventus||Serie A||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0||1||0
|-
|2000/01||Bologna||Serie A||23||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||0
|-
|2001/02||Juventus||Serie A||16||1||4||1||colspan="2"|-||8||0||28||2
|-
|2002/03||Piacenza||Serie A||31||9||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||9
|-
|2003/04||Juventus||Serie A||20||3||7||0||colspan="2"|-||2||1||29||4
|-
|2004/05||Fiorentina||Serie A||25||6||3||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||7

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="4"|Sevilla||rowspan="4"|La Liga||29||8||2||0||colspan="2"|-||11||3||42||11
|-
|2006/07||25||2||7||1||colspan="2"|-||8||3||40||6
|-
|2007/08||21||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0||30||1
|-
|2008/09||21||2||3||1||colspan="2"|-||5||0||29||3

|-
|2009/10||Olympiacos||Super League||||||||||||||||||||
41||5||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||42||5
116||19||14||1||colspan="2"|-||10||1||140||21
96||13||16||2||colspan="2"|-||29||6||141||21
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
253||37||31||3||0||0||39||7||323||47
Lee Cheong-Gyeong

**Lee Cheong-Gyeong** (born 11 November 1958) is a former North Korean football player. He has played for Korea DPR national team.
Calum Davenport

**Calum Davenport** (born 1 January 1983) is an English footballer.

On 22 August 2009, Davenport was stabbed by his sister's boyfriend, who was convicted of grievous bodily harm with intent for the attack.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2000–01||rowspan="5"|Coventry City||Premier League||1||0
|-
|2001–02||rowspan="3"|First Division||3||0
|-
|2002–03||32||3
|-
|2003–04||33||0
|-
|2004–05||League Championship||6||0
|-
|2004–05||Tottenham Hotspur||Premier League||1||0
|-
|2004–05||West Ham United||League Championship||10||0
|-
|2004–05||Southampton||Premier League||7||0
|-
|2005–06||Tottenham Hotspur||Premier League||4||0
|-
|2005–06||Norwich City||League Championship||15||1
|-
|2006–07||Tottenham Hotspur||Premier League||10||1
|-
|2006–07||rowspan="2"|West Ham United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||6||0
|-
|2007–08||0||0
|-
|2007–08||Watford||League Championship||1||0
|-
|2008–09||West Ham United||Premier League||7||1
|-
|2008–09||Sunderland||Premier League||8||0
|-
|2009–10||West Ham United||Premier League||||
144||6
144||6
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Calum Davenport
- **image**: Calum Davenport.jpg
- **caption**: Davenport signing autographs while on loan to Sunderland A.F.C., Sunderland in 2009
- **fullname**: Calum Ray Paul Davenport
- **birth place**: Bedford, England
- **position**: Centre back
- **currentclub**: Tavistock A.F.C., Tavistock
- **youthyears1**: 2000–2001
- **youthclubs1**: Coventry City F.C., Coventry City
- **years1**: 2001–2004
- **clubs1**: Coventry City F.C., Coventry City
- **caps1**: 75
- **goals1**: 3
- **years2**: 2004–2007
- **clubs2**: Tottenham Hotspur F.C., Tottenham Hotspur
- **caps2**: 15
- **goals2**: 1
- **years3**: 2004
- **clubs3**: → West Ham United F.C., West Ham United (loan)
- **caps3**: 10
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2005
- **clubs4**: → Southampton F.C., Southampton (loan)
- **caps4**: 7
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 2005
- **clubs5**: → Norwich City F.C., Norwich City (loan)
- **caps5**: 15
- **goals5**: 1
- **years6**: 2007–2010
- **clubs6**: West Ham United F.C., West Ham United
- **caps6**: 13
- **goals6**: 1
- **years7**: 2008
- **clubs7**: → Watford F.C., Watford (loan)
- **caps7**: 1
- **goals7**: 0
- **years8**: 2009
- **clubs8**: → Sunderland A.F.C., Sunderland (loan)
- **caps8**: 8
- **goals8**: 0
- **years9**: 2010–2012
- **clubs9**: Wootton Blue Cross F.C., Wootton Blue Cross
- **years10**: 2014–2015
- **clubs10**: Elstow Abbey
- **years11**: 2021–
- **clubs11**: Tavistock A.F.C., Tavistock
- **nationalyears1**: 2001
- **nationalteam1**: England national under-19 football team, England U19
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2002
- **nationalteam2**: England national under-20 football team, England U20
- **nationalcaps2**: 1
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **nationalyears3**: 2004–2005
- **nationalteam3**: England national under-21 football team, England U21
- **nationalcaps3**: 8
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
Seiichi Ogawa

is a Japanese football manager and former player who plays as a defender. He is the manager of Wyvern FC.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1989–90|Toyota Motors|JSL Division 2|21|0|||3|0|24|0|
|1990–91|JSL Division 1|9|0|||2|0|11|0||
|1991–92|17|1|||0|0|17|1|||
|1992|Nagoya Grampus Eight|J1 League|-|1|0|10|0|11|0||
|1993|32|1|3|0|5|0|40|1|||
|1994|24|0|2|0|0|0|26|0|||
|1995|33|0|5|0|-|38|0||||
|1996|26|0|0|0|10|0|36|0|||
|1997|27|1|0|0|7|0|34|1|||
|1998|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|||
|1999|11|1|5|0|1|0|17|1|||
|2000|17|0|0|0|0|0|17|0|||

## Managerial statistics

.
|rowspan="2"|Team|rowspan="2"|From|rowspan="2"|To|colspan="8"|Record|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Wyvern FC|1 September 2021|_present_||||||

### Manager

- Wyvern FC
- Tōkai Adult Soccer League Division 2: 2022

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Seiichi Ogawa
 小川 誠一
- **fullname**: Seiichi Ogawa
- **birth place**: Chiba (city), Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, Chiba, Japan
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **currentclub**: Wyvern FC (manager)
- **youthyears1**: 1986–1988
- **youthclubs1**: Funabashi High School
- **years1**: 1989–2000
- **clubs1**: Nagoya Grampus, Nagoya Grampus Eight
- **caps1**: 217
- **goals1**: 4
- **totalcaps**: 217
- **totalgoals**: 4
- **manageryears1**: 2020–2021
- **managerclubs1**: Wyvern FC (assistant)
- **manageryears2**: 2021–
- **managerclubs2**: Wyvern FC
Fuat Usta

**Fuat Usta** (born 3 July 1972) is a Turkish football manager and former football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2002||Omiya Ardija||J. League 2||16||0||3||2||19||2
16||0||3||2||19||2
16||0||3||2||19||2
|}
Ryu Saito

**Ryu Saito** (born 18 September 1979) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2002|Cerezo Osaka|J2 League|0|0|0|0|-|0|0|
|2003|J1 League|10|1|0|0|2|0|12|1|
|2004|8|0|1|0|3|0|12|0||
|2005|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0||
|2005|Thespa Kusatsu|J2 League|26|0|2|0|-|28|0|
|2006|42|1|2|1|-|44|2|||
|2007|FC Gifu|Football League|10|0|1|0|-|11|0|

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Ryu Saito
齋藤 竜
- **fullname**: Ryu Saito
- **birth place**: Muroran, Hokkaido, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **youthyears1**: 1995–1997
- **youthclubs1**: Muroran Otani High School
- **youthyears2**: 1998–2001
- **youthclubs2**: Kokushikan University
- **years1**: 2002–2005
- **clubs1**: Cerezo Osaka
- **caps1**: 18
- **goals1**: 1
- **years2**: 2005–2006
- **clubs2**: Thespakusatsu Gunma, Thespa Kusatsu
- **caps2**: 68
- **goals2**: 1
- **years3**: 2007
- **clubs3**: FC Gifu
- **caps3**: 10
- **goals3**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 96
- **totalgoals**: 2
Yuki Fukaya

**Yuki Fukaya** (born 1 August 1982) is a former Japanese football player.

## Career statistics

_Updated to 2 February 2018_.
|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2005|Oita Trinita|J1 League|32|1|2|0|5|0|39|1|
|2006|31|1|2|0|5|1|38|2|||
|2007|31|3|2|0|5|0|38|3|||
|2008|32|1|0|0|9|0|41|1|||
|2009|14|1|2|0|3|0|19|1|||
|2010|Omiya Ardija|25|6|0|0|2|0|27|6||
|2011|27|1|1|0|2|0|30|1|||
|2012|11|0|1|0|4|0|16|0|||
|2013|Oita Trinita|4|0|1|0|1|0|6|0||
|2014|FC Gifu|J2 League|3|0|0|0|-|3|0||
|2015|10|0|2|0|-|12|0||||
|2016|Ehime FC|11|0|3|0|-|14|0|||
|2017|9|0|1|0|-|10|0||||

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Yuki Fukaya
- **fullname**: Yuki Fukaya
- **birth place**: Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- **position**: Defender (association football), Centre back
- **youthyears1**: 2001–2004
- **youthclubs1**: Hannan University
- **years1**: 2005–2009
- **clubs1**: Oita Trinita
- **caps1**: 140
- **goals1**: 7
- **years2**: 2010–2012
- **clubs2**: Omiya Ardija
- **caps2**: 63
- **goals2**: 7
- **years3**: 2013
- **clubs3**: Oita Trinita
- **caps3**: 4
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2014–2015
- **clubs4**: FC Gifu
- **caps4**: 13
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 2016–2017
- **clubs5**: Ehime FC
- **caps5**: 20
- **goals5**: 0
- **pcupdate**: 2 February 2018
Kaito Yamamoto

is a Japanese football player.

## Biography

Yamamoto was born in Shizuoka on July 10, 1985. He joined J1 League club Shimizu S-Pulse from their youth team in 2004. He played many matches from 2008. In 2013, he moved to J2 League club Vissel Kobe. He played many matches and Vissel was promoted to J1 from 2014. However he lost his position in 2016. From 2017, he played for JEF United Chiba, Yokohama FC, Roasso Kumamoto and Fukushima United FC.

In June 2005, Yamamoto was selected Japan U-20 national team for 2005 World Youth Championship. In August 2008, he was selected Japan U-23 national team for 2008 Summer Olympics. But he did not play in the match, as he was the team's reserve goalkeeper behind Shusaku Nishikawa in both tournaments.

## Statistics

|-
|2004||rowspan="9"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="9"|J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||2||0||2||0
|-
|2007||1||0||1||0||2||0||4||0
|-
|2008||13||0||1||0||3||0||17||0
|-
|2009||20||0||1||0||8||0||29||0
|-
|2010||0||0||3||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|2011||20||0||3||0||2||0||25||0
|-
|2012||8||0||3||0||9||0||20||0
|-
|2013||rowspan="4"|Vissel Kobe||J2 League||18||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||18||0
|-
|2014||rowspan="3"|J1 League||27||0||0||0||8||0||35||0
|-
|2015||29||0||1||0||8||0||38||0
|-
|2016||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2017||JEF United Chiba||J2 League||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2018||Yokohama FC||J2 League||7||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|2019||rowspan="2"|Roasso Kumamoto||rowspan="2"|J3 League||34||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||35||0
|-
|2020||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2021||Fukushima United FC||J3 League||||||||||||||||
179||0||14||0||42||0||235||0
179||0||14||0||42||0||235||0
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Kaito Yamamoto
- **fullname**: Kaito Yamamoto
- **birth place**: Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture, Shizuoka, Japan
- **position**: Goalkeeper
- **currentclub**: Fukushima United FC
- **youthyears1**: 2001–2003
- **youthclubs1**: Shimizu S-Pulse
- **years1**: 2004–2012
- **clubs1**: Shimizu S-Pulse
- **caps1**: 62
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 2013–2016
- **clubs2**: Vissel Kobe
- **caps2**: 74
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2017
- **clubs3**: JEF United Chiba
- **caps3**: 2
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2018
- **clubs4**: Yokohama FC
- **caps4**: 7
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 2019–2020
- **clubs5**: Roasso Kumamoto
- **caps5**: 34
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 2021–
- **clubs6**: Fukushima United FC
- **club-update**: end of the 2020 season
Keiji Watanabe

**Keiji Watanabe** (born 28 January 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for JEF United Ichihara Chiba.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2003||rowspan="6"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2004||5||0||1||0||1||0||7||0
|-
|2005||13||0||0||0||2||0||15||0
|-
|2006||12||0||1||0||1||0||14||0
|-
|2007||13||0||1||0||0||0||14||0
|-
|2008||0||0||1||0||1||0||2||0
|-
|2009||Japan Soccer College||Regional Leagues||11||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||13||0
|-
|2010||JEF United Ichihara Chiba||J. League 2||||||||||||||||
55||0||6||0||5||0||66||0
55||0||6||0||5||0||66||0
|}

## References

- JEF United Ichihara Chiba
Takahiro Shibasaki

**Takahiro Shibasaki** (born 23 May 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokyo Verdy.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2001||rowspan="3"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2003||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|Yokohama||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2006||Tokyo||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="4"|Tokyo Verdy||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2008||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
3||0||1||0||0||0||4||0
3||0||1||0||0||0||4||0
|}

## References

- Tokyo Verdy

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Takahiro Shibasaki
- **fullname**: Takahiro Shibasaki
- **image**: Takahiro Shibasaki 2017.jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **birth place**: Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- **currentclub**: Tokyo Verdy
- **clubnumber**: 1
- **position**: Goalkeeper
- **youthyears1**: 1998–2000
- **youthclubs1**: Kōjō High School
- **years1**: 2001–2003
- **years2**: 2004–2005
- **years3**: 2006
- **years4**: 2007–
- **years5**: 2013
- **clubs1**: Tokyo Verdy 1969
- **clubs2**: Yokohama F.C., Yokohama FC
- **clubs3**: FC Tokyo
- **clubs4**: Tokyo Verdy
- **clubs5**: → Yokohama F.C., Yokohama FC (loan)
- **caps1**: 2
- **goals1**: 0
- **caps2**: 1
- **goals2**: 0
- **caps3**: 0
- **goals3**: 0
- **caps4**: 85
- **goals4**: 0
- **caps5**: 13
- **goals5**: 0
- **pcupdate**: 23 February 2017
Takashi Amano

**Takashi Amano** (born 13 April 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Yokohama F. Marinos.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2004||rowspan="7"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="7"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|2005||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2007||3||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2008||0||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2009||5||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
8||0||0||0||4||0||1||0||13||0
8||0||0||0||4||0||1||0||13||0
|}

## References

- Yokohama F. Marinos
Yuya Nakamura

**Yuya Nakamura** (born 14 April 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Shonan Bellmare.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||5||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2009||44||14||1||0||colspan="2"|-||45||14
|-
|2010||J. League 1||||||||||||||||
49||14||2||0||0||0||51||14
49||14||2||0||0||0||51||14
|}

## References

- Shonan Bellmare
Alessandro Scarlatti

**Alessandro Scarlatti** (born Palermo, 2 May 1660; died 24 October 1725) was an Italian composer. He lived in the Baroque period. He is especially famous for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is thought of as the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera. He was the father of the famous composer Domenico Scarlatti.

## Life

Scarlatti was born in Palermo. At that time it was part of the Kingdom of Sicily. We know nothing about his musical education. When his opera _Gli Equivoci nell sembiante_ was produced in Rome in 1679 the Queen of Sweden, who was living in Rome at the time, was very impressed and gave him the job of being her Maestro di cappella. In February 1684 he became Maestro di Cappella to the viceroy of Naples. He wrote many operas for him, as well as some music for important state occasions.

In 1702 Scarlatti left Naples and went to Florence where he composed operas for Ferdinando de' Medici and for Cardinal Ottoboni, who made him his _maestro di cappella_. In 1703 he also got a similar job in Rome at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore.

After visiting Venice and Urbino in 1707, Scarlatti went back to Naples in 1708, and stayed there until 1717. However, the audiences in Naples no longer seemed interested in his music. They liked their serious operas to include comic music. Some of his best operas were written for Rome where they were produced at the Teatro Capranica. He also wrote some church music and music for royal weddings. He died in Naples.

## Scarlatti's music

Scarlatti's music forms an important link between the early Baroque Italian vocal styles of the 17th century and the classical period of the 18th century, which led to the music of Haydn and Mozart.

Perhaps his greatest work is _Mitridate Eupatore_. Many of his later operas are full of music which allows the singers to show off. In his opera _Teodora_ (1697) he was the first composer to use the orchestral _ritornello_ (a tune which keeps coming back after sections of solo singing).

Some of his later operas written for Rome make the orchestra sound much more modern. He uses horns in the orchestra. This was a new idea.

As well as operas, Scarlatti composed at least five hundred chamber-cantatas. These are works for solo voice accompanied by the orchestra.  Hardly any of them were published, but they contain a lot of good music.

He also wrote masses including the _St Cecilia Mass_ (1721).

## References

- The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; London 1980;
Takeshi Terada

**Takeshi Terada** (born 21 March 1980) is a former Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2002||rowspan="8"|Thespa Kusatsu||Prefectural Leagues||13||1||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|2003||Regional Leagues||14||1||1||0||15||1
|-
|2004||Football League||29||2||5||0||34||2
|-
|2005||rowspan="5"|J. League 2||24||1||0||0||24||1
|-
|2006||26||0||1||0||27||0
|-
|2007||30||1||2||0||32||1
|-
|2008||37||1||1||0||38||1
|-
|2009||26||0||1||0||27||0
199||7||11||0||210||7
199||7||11||0||210||7
|}
Fernando Navarro

**Fernando Navarro** (born 25 June 1982) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Sevilla.

## Club career statistic

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Barcelona||rowspan="4"|La Liga||0||0
|-
|2001/02||3||0
|-
|2002/03||13||1
|-
|2003/04||0||0
|-
|2003/04||Albacete Balompié||La Liga||7||0
|-
|2004/05||Barcelona||La Liga||5||0
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Mallorca||rowspan="3"|La Liga||33||1
|-
|2006/07||37||1
|-
|2007/08||36||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Sevilla||rowspan="2"|La Liga||31||0
|-
|2009/10||||
155||3
155||3
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|2008||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}
Alison (footballer, born 1982)

**Alison Barros Moraes** (born 30 June 1982) is a Brazilian football player.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2006|Omiya Ardija|J1 League|8|1|1|0|0|0|9|1|
|2007|2|0|0|0|0|0|2|0|||

## Other websites

- Omiya Ardija
- Guardian's Stats Centre

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Alison
- **fullname**: Alison Barros Moraes
- **birth place**: Brazil
- **position**: Striker (association football), Striker
- **years1**: 2002–2003
- **years2**: 2003–2005
- **years3**: 2006
- **years4**: 2006–2007
- **clubs1**: Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i
- **clubs2**: Daejeon Citizen F.C., Daejeon Citizen
- **clubs3**: Marília Atlético Clube, Marília
- **clubs4**: Omiya Ardija
- **caps1**: 17
- **goals1**: 2
- **caps2**: 46
- **goals2**: 6
- **caps4**: 10
- **goals4**: 1
Gábor Csupó

**Gábor Csupó** (, ; born 29 September 1952) is a Hungarian-born animator and co-founder of the animation studio Klasky Csupo, which has produced shows like _Rugrats_, _Duckman_, and _Aaahh!!! Real Monsters_.

He was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1952, and after four years at the Pannónia animation studios, fled to the West in 1975. While working in Sweden he met Arlene Klasky, an American-born animator. The two subsequently started their own company, Klasky Csupo, which produced many popular animated television shows. He was credited as "animation executive producer" and "supervising animation director" for several episodes of _The Simpsons_ in the early seasons before the show switched over to Film Roman.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Gábor Csupó
- **caption**: Csupo (right) and Klasky (left) at The Wild Thornberrys Movie premiere.
- **birth place**: Budapest, Hungary
- **occupation**: Animator
- **yearsactive**: 1976—present
- **spouse**: Arlene Klasky (1979-1995)
- **website**: http://www.klaskycsupo.com/
Katherine Paterson

**Katherine Paterson** (born October 31, 1932) is a Newbery Award-winning American author of books for children.

## Selected works

In a summary of writings by and about Katherine Paterson, OCLC/WorldCat includes roughly 200+ works in 1,100+ publications in 29 languages and 99,000+ library holdings.

- _The Sign of the Chrysanthemum_ (1973)
- _Of Nightingales That Weep_ (1974)
- _The Master Puppeteer_ (1975)
- _Bridge to Terabithia_ (1977)
- _The Great Gilly Hopkins_ (1978)
- _Jacob Have I Loved_ (1980)
- _Rebels of the Heavenly Kingdom_ (1983)
- _Come Sing, Jimmy Jo_ (1985)
- _Park's Quest_ (1988)
- _Lyddie_ (1991)
- _Flip-Flop Girl_ (1994)
- _Jip, His Story_ (1996)
- _Parzival: The Quest of the Grail Knight_ (1998)
- _Preacher’s Boy_ (1999)
- _The Same Stuff as Stars_ (2002)
- _Bread and Roses, Too_ (2006)
- _The Day of the Pelican_ (2009)

## Other websites

- Katherine Paterson's Home Page
- The Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award
- NCBLA Katherine Paterson bio
- Katherine Paterson interview
- Public School Insights Katherine Paterson Interview  February 11, 2010

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Katherine Paterson
- **birth place**: Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, China
- **occupation**: Novelist
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **period**: 1966–
- **genre**: Children's and Young Adult Fiction
Bridge to Terabithia (novel)

***Bridge to Terabithia*** is a novel by Katherine Paterson.

## Summary

_Bridge to Terabithia_ is about two children who create a fictional kingdom in a forest.  The two main characters are Leslie Burke and Jess Aarons.

The author thought of writing this book after her son David L. Paterson's friend Lisa Hill died from being struck by lightning in 1974.

## Honors

In 1978, the book won the Newbery Medal.

The work was also awarded an ALA Notable Children's Book, which is given to the best children's books of the year.

## Related pages

- Bridge to Terabithia (2007 movie)

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Bridge to Terabithia
- **author**: Katherine Paterson
- **illustrator**: Donna Diamond
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Children's novel
- **publisher**: Crowell
- **pub date**: 1977-10-21
- **media type**: Print (Hardcover, paperback)
- **isbn**: 0-690-01359-0
- **isbn note**: (hardback edition)
- **oclc**: 2818232
Akira Takeuchi

**Akira Takeuchi** (born 18 June 1983) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Nagoya Grampus Eight.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Kokushikan University||rowspan="3"|Football League||4||0||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2003||4||0||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2004||5||0||||||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="5"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2007||13||0||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2008||31||0||3||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||42||0
|-
|2009||13||0||1||0||1||0||6||0||21||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
70||0||4||0||14||0||6||0||94||0
70||0||4||0||14||0||6||0||94||0

## References

- Nagoya Grampus Eight

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Akira Takeuchi
- **fullname**: Akira Takeuchi
- **birth place**: Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- **position**: Defender (association football), Centre-back
- **currentclub**: Oita Trinita
- **clubnumber**: 4
- **youthyears1**: 2002–2005
- **youthclubs1**: Kokushikan University
- **years1**: 2006–2010
- **years2**: 2011–2014
- **years3**: 2015–2016
- **years4**: 2017–
- **clubs1**: Nagoya Grampus
- **clubs2**: JEF United Ichihara Chiba, JEF United Chiba
- **clubs3**: Nagoya Grampus
- **clubs4**: Oita Trinita
- **caps1**: 63
- **goals1**: 0
- **caps2**: 124
- **goals2**: 11
- **caps3**: 63
- **goals3**: 2
- **pcupdate**: 23 February 2017
Kosuke Yamamoto

**Kosuke Yamamoto** (born 29 October 1989) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Júbilo Iwata.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2006||rowspan="5"|Júbilo Iwata||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2007||3||0||0||0||3||0||6||0
|-
|2008||9||0||0||0||1||0||10||0
|-
|2009||26||0||2||0||3||0||31||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
39||0||2||0||7||0||48||0
39||0||2||0||7||0||48||0
|}

## References

- Júbilo Iwata
Shohei Abe

**Shohei Abe** (born 1 December 1982) is a former Japanese football player.

### Club

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Continental|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2006|Nagoya Grampus|J1 League|9|0|0|0|3|0|-|12|0||
|2007|27|0|2|0|5|0|-|34|0||||
|2008|34|0|2|0|8|1|-|44|1||||
|2009|32|0|5|0|1|0|8|0|46|0|||
|2010|31|0|1|0|6|0|-|38|0||||
|2011|32|0|1|0|2|0|7|0|42|0|||
|2012|29|0|3|0|2|0|6|0|40|0|||
|2013|32|0|1|0|5|0|-|38|0||||
|2014|Ventforet Kofu|34|1|1|0|4|0|-|39|1|||
|2015|33|1|0|0|3|0|-|36|1||||
|2016|JEF United Chiba|J2 League|33|1|1|0|-|-|34|1|||
|2017|0|0|0|0|-|-|24|1|||||
|2017|Ventforet Kofu|J1 League|24|1|1|0|0|0|0|0|25|1|
|2018|J2 League|5|0|3|0|4|0|0|0|12|0||

## Honours

- Nagoya Grampus
- J1 League: 2010
- Japanese Super Cup: 2011

## References

- Nagoya Grampus Eight
Takuya Muguruma

**Takuya Muguruma** (born 13 June 1984) is a retired Japanese football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2003||rowspan="3"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2004||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||10||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|2005||7||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Albirex Niigata||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||2||0||0||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|Tokushima Vortis||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||30||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||31||1
|-
|2009||28||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||28||3
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
77||4||1||0||1||0||79||4
77||4||1||0||1||0||79||4
|}

## References

- Tokushima Vortis
Takumi Wada

**Takumi Wada** (born 20 October 1981) is a Japanese football player. He plays for JEF United Ichihara Chiba.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||11||0||0||0||4||0||15||0
|-
|2005||2||0||0||0||2||0||4||0
|-
|2006||4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
|-
|2007||Yokohama||J. League 1||23||1||0||0||4||0||27||1
|-
|2008||Tokyo Verdy||J. League 1||22||1||1||0||3||0||26||1
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|JEF United Ichihara Chiba||J. League 1||19||1||3||1||3||0||25||2
|-
|2010||J. League 2||||||||||||||||
81||3||4||1||17||0||102||4
81||3||4||1||17||0||102||4
|}

## References

- JEF United Ichihara Chiba
Tomohiro Tsuda

**Tomohiro Tsuda** (born 6 May 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Tokushima Vortis.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2005||rowspan="5"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="5"|J. League 1||1||0||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0
|-
|2006||14||3||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||19||3
|-
|2007||17||2||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||20||2
|-
|2008||3||0||0||0||5||2||colspan="2"|-||8||2
|-
|2009||11||1||1||0||2||0||2||0||16||1
|-
|2010||Tokushima Vortis||J. League 2||||||||||||||||||||
46||6||4||0||15||2||2||0||67||8
46||6||4||0||15||2||2||0||67||8
|}

## References

- Tokushima Vortis
Hurricane Elena

**Hurricane Elena** was a category 3 major hurricane that caused heavy damage along the Gulf Coast of the United States in August and September of the 1985 Atlantic hurricane season.

Elena's unusual path through the Gulf of Mexico, which included a loop, caused many people to evacuate from the coastline.

## Meteorological history

Before Hurricane Elena, there was a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on August 23. It remained weak due to its fast westward motion and Saharan Air Layer around the circulation. As it moved through the Greater Antilles, it slowed and a tropical depression formed on August 28 between Cuba and Haiti. It paralleled the northern cost of Cuba, and became Tropical Storm Elena that night. Conditions were good for the storm to develop in the Gulf of Mexico, and Elena became a hurricane on the 29th.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Elena
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 1985
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Elena 1985-09-01 2100Z.png
- **image name**: Hurricane Elena in the Gulf of Mexico on September 1, 1985
- **formed**: August 28, 1985
- **dissipated**: September 4, 1985
- **1-min winds**: 110
- **pressure**: 953
- **damages**: 1250
- **inflated**: 1
- **fatalities**: 0 direct, 4 indirect
- **areas**: Cuba, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Mississippi Valley region
- **hurricane season**: 1985 Atlantic hurricane season
Wu-Tang Clan

**Wu-Tang Clan** is a hip-hop group from America. They formed in Staten Island, New York in 1992. As a group, they debuted in 1993 with their first album, _Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)._ GZA started the group.

### Current

- Ghostface Killah
- GZA
- Inspectah Deck
- Masta Killa
- Method Man
- Raekwon
- RZA
- U-God

### Past

- Ol' Dirty Bastard (deceased)

### Sometimes

- Cappadonna (he has appeared on some albums as an official member)

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)_ (1993)
- _Wu-Tang Forever_ (1997)
- _The W_ (2000)
- _Iron Flag_ (2001)
- _8 Diagrams_ (2007)
- _A Better Tomorrow_ (2014)
- _Once Upon a Time in Shaolin_ (2015)

## Other websites

- Wu-Tang Clan Website
- Wu-Tang Name Generator

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Wu-Tang Clan
- **img**: Wu Tang Clan on Stage.jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: New York City, New York, United States, USA
- **years active**: 1992 - present
- **current members**: RZA
GZA
Masta Killa
Raekwon
Ghostface Killah
Inspectah Deck
Method Man
U-God
- **past members**: Ol' Dirty Bastard (death 2004)
MICR

The **MICR** is a device that can recognise human readable characters printed on documents such as cheques using a special magnetic ink. The reader reads these characters by examining their shapes. Characters are printed in a special font. Each character is formed by a 7 x 10 matrix. The MICR has a magnetic head which can detect the magnetic pattern for each character.

The abbreviation MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Character Recognition. This is a type of data input often found in banks. The bank account number and other details are printed onto bank cheques (USA - checks)in a special font with magnetic ink.

The magnetic characters can be read very quickly and accurately by MICR readers.

Numbers in a special MICR font
IT law

Many countries have created legislation or have passed laws about the use of computers and data.

## Scope

These laws are usually concerned
- Protecting data about people;
- Hacking computer systems;
- Protecting copyright and patents.
- Censorship of the internet
- Health and safety

### Australia

- Privacy Act 1988 - concerns data about people
- Copyright Act 1968
- Copyright Amendment (Digital Agenda) Act 2000

### Canada

- Criminal Code of Canada

### Germany

- _Bundesdatenschutzgesetz_ BDSG (Federal Data Protection Act) - concerns data about people
- _202(c)_ - anti hacking legislation

### United States

- FISMA (Federal Information Security Management Act) - describes how government organisations should handle data about people
- GLBA (Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act) - describes how financial organisations should handle data about people
- HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) - describes how medical insurance organisations should handle data about people
- Data Security Act 2007
- Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998
- USA PATRIOT Act 2002
- Identity Theft Enforcement and Restitution Act
- Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

### United Kingdom

- The Data Protection Act 1998 - will prevent people's information getting spread around the world, preventing the likeliness of crimes toward said person.
- The Computer Misuse Act 1990 - covers hacking with amendments that were added later.
- The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 - covers copyright.
- The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 - covers central and local government looking at workers' email security etc.
- The Communications Act 2003 is often used when people send offensive emails etc.
- The Digital Economy Act 2010 - covers software piracy.
- The Malicious Communication Act 1988 - Covers sending mail, physical or electronic, with the intent of causing distress or anxiety.
Dale Earnhardt Jr.

**Ralph Dale Earnhardt, Jr.** (born October 10, 1974) is an American racecar driver. Earnhardt last drove the #88 Chevrolet SS in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series for Hendrick Motorsports. Earnhardt, Jr. won the 2004 Daytona 500 with Dale Earnhardt, Inc.. Earnhardt is the son of the seven time Sprint cup champion Dale Earnhardt.

## Infobox (nascar driver)

- **name**: Dale Earnhardt Jr.
- **image**: File:President Donald Trump, coach Nick Sirianni and Philadelphia Eagles offensive tackle Lane Johnson arrive to the South Lawn (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Not Dale Jr, but the Philadelphia Eagles Football team after Super Bowl LIX
- **birth name**: Ralph Dale Earnhardt Jr.
- **birth place**: Kannapolis, North Carolina
- **achievements**: 1998 NASCAR Busch Series, 1998, 1999 NASCAR Busch Series, 1999 Busch Series Champion
2004 Daytona 500, 2004, 2014 Daytona 500 Winner
2000 NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race, The Winston Winner
2003, 2008 Budweiser Shootout, 2008 Budweiser Shootout Winner
2003 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, 2003, 2004 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series, 2004, 2008 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, 2008, 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, 2015, 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, 2016 Can-Am Duel Winner
- **awards**: Bill France Award of Excellence (2017)
Texas Motorsports Hall of Fame inductee (2017)
2003 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, 2003–2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, 2017 Monster Energy Cup Series NASCAR's Most Popular Driver Award, Most Popular Driver (15 times)
1999 NASCAR Busch Series, 1999 Busch Series NASCAR's Most Popular Driver Award, Most Popular Driver
- **total cup races**: 631
- **years in cup**: 19
- **prev cup pos**: 21st
- **previous year**: 2017
- **best cup pos**: 3rd (2003 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, 2003)
- **first cup race**: 1999 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, 1999 Coca-Cola 600 (Charlotte Motor Speedway, Charlotte)
- **last cup race**: 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, 2017 2017 Ford EcoBoost 400, Ford EcoBoost 400 (Homestead-Miami Speedway, Homestead)
- **first cup win**: 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, 2000 2000 DirecTV 500, DirecTV 500 (Texas Motor Speedway, Texas)
- **last cup win**: 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, 2015 2015 Quicken Loans Race for Heroes 500, Quicken Loans Race for Heroes 500 (Phoenix International Raceway, Phoenix)
- **cup wins**: 26
- **cup top tens**: 260
- **cup poles**: 15
- **total busch races**: 139
- **years in busch**: 21
- **busch car team**: No. 88 (JR Motorsports)
- **prev busch pos**: 91st
- **prev busch year**: 2016
- **best busch pos**: 1st (1998 NASCAR Busch Series, 1998, 1999 NASCAR Busch Series, 1999)
- **first busch race**: 1996 NASCAR Busch Series, 1996 Carolina Pride / Red Dog 250 (Myrtle Beach Speedway, Myrtle Beach)
- **last busch race**: 2017 NASCAR Xfinity Series, 2017 Virginia 529 College Savings 250 (Richmond Raceway, Richmond)
- **first busch win**: 1998 NASCAR Busch Series, 1998 Coca-Cola 300 (Texas), Coca-Cola 300 (Texas Motor Speedway, Texas)
- **last busch win**: 2016 NASCAR Xfinity Series, 2016 ToyotaCare 250 (Richmond International Raceway, Richmond)
- **busch wins**: 24
- **busch top tens**: 91
- **busch poles**: 10
- **updated**: November 19, 2017
Aigle Azur

**Aigle Azur** is an airline in France which operates flights within France but also to other European countries and some countries in Africa, for example Algeria. It's main base of operations is at Paris Orly Airport.

The current Head, since 2008, is Méziane Idjerouidène.

## Fleet

- 3x Airbus A319
- 3x Airbus A320
- 4x Airbus A321
TAAG Air Angola

TAAG Air Angola is the main airline of Angola, a country in Africa. The TAAG stands for _Transportadora Aérea AnGolana._ which is Portuguese for Angolan Air Transport. TAAG's main base of operations is in Luanda International Airport, in the capital of Angola. TAAG is unlike many other African airlines as it is a very successful airline making a lot of money, most other airlines in the region do not make profits.

## Destinations

Most of TAAG's flights are to other African countries. In Europe, they only fly to Portugal, a country Angola has close ties to. They also fly to South America and the Caribbean.

## Fleet

- 2x Boeing 737-200
- 4x Boeing 737-700
- 2x Boeing 747-300
- 3x Boeing 777-200ER
- 14x Airbus A220
- 2x Boeing 787-9