juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Hewlett, New York

**Hewlett** is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York on the South Shore of Long Island. As of the United States 2020 Census, the CDP population was 7,262.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hewlett, New York
- **settlement type**: Hamlet (New York), Hamlet and census-designated place
- **image skyline**: Harris Avenue, Hewlett, NY August 8, 2022.jpg
- **image caption**: Harris Avenue in Hewlett on August 8, 2022.
- **pushpin map**: USA New York Long Island#New York
- **pushpin label position**: none
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of New York
- **image map**: Nassau County New York incorporated and unincorporated areas Hewlett highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Nassau County, New York, Nassau County and the state of New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision type3**: List of towns in New York, Town
- **subdivision name3**: Hempstead, New York, Hempstead
- **area total km2**: 2.33
- **area land km2**: 2.28
- **area water km2**: 0.05
- **area total sq mi**: 0.90
- **area land sq mi**: 0.88
- **area water sq mi**: 0.02
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 7262
- **population density km2**: 3184.0
- **population density sq mi**: 8242.9
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 6
- **elevation ft**: 20
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 11557
- **area code**: Area code 516, 516
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-34286
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0952660
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **named for**: The Hewlett family
Strabismus

**Strabismus** is a condition in which the eyes do not line up with each other when looking at an object.

## Infobox (medical condition (new))

- **name**: Strabismus
- **synonyms**: Heterotropia, crossed eyes, squint
- **image**: StrabismusVL2.jpg
- **caption**: A person with exotropia, an outward deviated eye
- **field**: Ophthalmology
- **symptoms**: Nonaligned eyes
- **complications**: Amblyopia, diplopia, double vision
- **types**: Esotropia (eyes crossed); exotropia (eyes diverge); hypertropia (eyes vertically misaligned)
- **causes**: Muscle dysfunction, farsightedness, problems in the brain, trauma, infections
- **risks**: Premature birth, cerebral palsy, family history
- **diagnosis**: Observing light reflected from the pupil
- **differential**: Cranial nerve disease
- **treatment**: Glasses, surgery
- **frequency**: ~2% (children)
John Connolly (FBI)

**John Joseph Connolly Jr.** (born August 1, 1940) is an American former Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent.

He was convicted of racketeering, obstruction of justice, and murder charges caused from his relationship with James "Whitey" Bulger, Steve Flemmi, and the Winter Hill Gang.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: John Connolly
- **birth name**: John Joseph Connolly Jr.
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: former Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI agent, former private security
- **charge**: Federal: racket (crime), racketeering
State: Murder, second-degree murder
- **conviction**: Federal: 2002
State: November 6, 2008
- **conviction penalty**: Federal: 10 years in prison
State: 40 years in prison
- **conviction status**: Released
- **spouse**: Marianne Lockary (1970–1982; divorced)
Elizabeth L. Moore (1988–present)
- **children**: 3 (with Moore)
Stephen Flemmi

**Stephen Joseph Flemmi** (born June 9, 1934) is an Italian-American gangster. He was part of the Winter Hill Gang and worked with mob boss Whitey Bulger.

Beginning in 1975, Flemmi was a top informant for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Stephen Flemmi
- **image**: Stephen Flemmi.jpg
- **image size**: 175
- **caption**: Flemmi in 1965
- **birth name**: Stephen Joseph Flemmi
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **other names**: The Rifleman
Rory Cochrane

**Rory Cochrane** (born February 28, 1972) is an American actor. He was born in Syracuse, New York. He is known for playing Ron Slater in _Dazed and Confused_, Lucas in _Empire Records_, Lee Schatz in _Argo_, Freck in _A Scanner Darkly_ and Tim Speedle in _CSI: Miami_.
Scotch-Irish Americans

**Scotch-Irish** (or **Scots-Irish**) **Americans** are American descendants of Ulster Protestants who immigrated from northern Ireland to America during the 18th and 19th centuries, whose ancestors had originally migrated mainly from the Scottish Lowlands and northern England (and sometimes from the Anglo-Scottish border).

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Scotch-Irish Americans
- **total**: **Self-identified "Scotch-Irish"**
**3,007,722** (American Community Survey, 2017)
<small>0.9% of the US population</small>
**Estimate of Scots-Irish total**
**27,000,000** (2004)
<small>Up to 9.2 % of the U.S. population (2004)</small>
- **popplace**: California, Texas, North Carolina, Florida, and Pennsylvania
- **langs**: English language, English <small>(American English, American English dialects)</small>, Ulster Scots language, Ulster Scots, Scots language, Scots
- **rels**: Predominantly
 Calvinism, Calvinist (Presbyterianism in the United States, Presbyterian, Baptists in the United States, Baptist, Quakers, Quaker, Congregationalism in the United States, Congregationalist) with a minority History of Methodism in the United States, Methodist, Anglicanism, Anglican, or Episcopal Church (United States), Episcopalian
- **related**: Ulster Protestants, Ulster Scots people, Ulster Scots, Anglo-Irish people, Anglo-Irish,
English people, English, Huguenots, Welsh people, Welsh, Manx people, Manx, Irish Americans, Scottish Americans, English Americans, American ancestry
Cornish Americans

**Cornish Americans** (Cornish: _Kernowyon yn Amerika_) are Americans who describe themselves as having Cornish ancestry, an ethnic group of Brittonic Celts native to Cornwall and the Scilly Isles in the United Kingdom.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Cornish Americans
_Kernowyon yn Amerika_
- **population**: 2 million
- **popplace**: , , ,  and

Particularly in the cities of Butte, Montana, Butte, Duluth, Hibbing, Marquette, Michigan, Marquette, Mineral Point, Wisconsin, Mineral Point, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, Sault Ste. Marie/Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
- **langs**: English language, English <small>(American English, American English dialects)</small> Cornish Language, Cornish
- **related**: Cornish people, Cornish, English Americans, Welsh Americans, Breton Americans, Manx Americans, Scottish Americans, Scotch-Irish Americans, Irish Americans
Romanian Americans

**Romanian Americans** are Americans who have Romanian ancestry. According to the 2017 American Community Survey, 478,278 Americans indicated Romanian as their first or second ancestry.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Romanian Americans
- **total**: 478,278 (declared) American Community Survey (2017)
Some estimates 1,200,000 (2019)
- **langs**: American English and Romanian language, Romanian
- **rels**: Predominantly Romanian Orthodox Church, Romanian Orthodoxy,
Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic, Romanian Greek Catholicism,
 Roman Catholicism in Romania, Roman Catholicism, Judaism and smaller Protestantism
- **related**: Romanian Canadians, European Americans
French-Canadian Americans

**French-Canadian Americans** (also referred to as **Franco-Canadian Americans** or **Canadien Americans**) are Americans of French-Canadian descent. About 2.1 million U.S. residents cited this ancestry in the 2010 U.S. Census; most of them speak French at home.

Most Americans of French-Canadian descent are mostly in New England and the Midwest. Their ancestors mostly arrived in the United States from Quebec between 1840 and 1930 though some families had become established as early as the 17th and the 18th centuries.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: French-Canadian Americans
- **native name**: Américains canadiens
- **population**: **2,100,840**
- **popplace**: Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York (state), New York, Michigan, and Louisiana
- **langs**: French language, French (Canadian French, Canadian and French language in the United States, American)American English, English
- **rels**: Predominantly Catholic Church, Roman Catholicism, minority of Protestantism
- **related-c**: French Canadians, French Americans, Canadian Americans, French people, Cajuns, Métis in the United States, Métis Americans
Chipset

A **chipset** is an arrangement of several integrated circuits which fulfill a given task. When talking about computers, chipset is the name for an arrangement of circuits on a motherboard that supports a microprocessor.
Pericarditis

**Pericarditis** (pronunciation: peri·car·di·tis) is a heart condition. It is the inflammation of the pericardium, the tissue (sack) surrounding the heart.

## Signs and Symptoms

Pericarditis can be acute pericarditis or chronic pericarditis. A typical symptom of acute pericarditis is a sharp, pricking chest pain taking place rapidly. It is felt in the left side of chest or the middle in women unless the pain is radiating. The pain could go (radiate) to the upper back or be on the chest (and it may depend on sitting/standing forward or straight posture). There may be pain in one or both shoulders, abdomen, back, and neck.

## Infobox (medical condition (new))

- **name**: Pericarditis
- **image**: Pericarditis10.JPG
- **caption**: An ECG showing pericarditis, with ST elevation in multiple leads and slight reciprocal ST depression in aVR.
- **width**: 350px
- **field**: Cardiology
- **symptoms**: Sharp chest pain, better sitting up and worse with lying down, fever
- **complications**: Cardiac tamponade, myocarditis, constrictive pericarditis
- **onset**: Typically sudden
- **duration**: Few days to weeks
- **causes**: Viral infection, tuberculosis, uremic pericarditis, following a myocardial infarction, heart attack, cancer, autoimmune disorders, chest trauma
- **diagnosis**: Based on symptoms, electrocardiogram, pericardial effusion, fluid around the heart
- **differential**: myocardial infarction, Heart attack
- **treatment**: NSAIDs, colchicine, corticosteroids
- **prognosis**: Usually good
- **frequency**: 3 per 10,000 per year
Walther PP

The **Walther PP** is a pistol, which was originally developed for police officers. The PP stands for "Polizeipistole", "Police pistol". It was developed in 1929, and produced until 1996. The pistol is a blowback semi-automatic. The weapons manufacturer Carl Walther GmbH built it.
Dante's Inferno (1935 movie)

***Dante's Inferno*** is a 1935 American drama movie directed by Harry Lachman and was based on the 14th century poem _Divine Comedy_ by Dante Alighieri. It stars Spencer Tracy, Claire Trevor, Henry B. Walthall, Alan Dinehart, Rita Hayworth, Don Ameche, Willard Robertson, Scotty Beckett and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
The Yellow Mask

***The Yellow Mask*** is a 1930 British musical movie directed by Harry Lachman and was based on the 1927 novel _The Traitor's Gate_ by Edgar Wallace and adapted into a play of the same name in 1928. It stars Lupino Lane, Dorothy Seacombe, Warwick Ward, Haddon Mason, Frank Cochrane, Wallace Lupino and was distributed by Wardour Pictures.
Limba noastră

"**Limba noastră**" (, meaning "Our Language") is the national anthem of Moldova. Before it became the country's national anthem in 1995, another national anthem – the same one used by neighbouring Romania – was used. The lyrics of "Limba noastră" were written by Alexei Mateevici a month before his death in 1917, and the tune for his lyrics was composed a while later by Alexandru Cristea in 1942.

## Lyrics

Only the first, second, fifth, ninth, and twelfth stanzas (each highlighted in **bold**) are officially part of the Moldovan national anthem.
|Words of the song in Romanian|Words of the song used in Transnistria|Pronunciation of these words using the IPA transcription|Words of the song in English|Words of the song in Russian|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem>**I** **Our tongue a noble gem bejeweled** **From ominous shadows of old,** **A pendant of stones rare and grand** **That scattered all over our land.** **II** **Our language is a fervent flare** **Amidst a folk who suddenly** **Awoke from the deadly slumber** **Like the heroes brave and holy.** **III** Our language a body of songs From the devotions of our soul. A flash of lightning strikes apace Within black clouds, blue horizons. **IV** Our language is the tongue of bread When the breeze blows through the summer Proclaimed by our forefathers who Blessed the country through their labour. **V** **Our tongue the greenest verdant frond** **Of our _codrii_ lasting and fond,** **Our Dniester flows with repose** **Like a constellation of stars.** **VI** Bemoan not! Thy yammers shall cease That thy tongue's only a mere piece; Yet, abound in words aplenty That scatter o'er our dear country. **VII** Our language abounds in folklore And legends from the days of yore. Reading and delving into them Renders all aghast and in qualm. **VIII** Our language is the chosen one For blessing glory in heaven, Acclaiming in endless passion Everlasting faiths that beckon. **IX** **More than heavenly is our tongue** **Of sacred homilies of old;** **For aeons lamented and sung** **All over the motherland heard.** **X** Our language shall one again rise After the passing grieving years, Wash off the rust and grime that grew When left in oblivion our land. **XI** Round up that brilliant shining stone, And absorb bright light from the sun. Now thou wilt see countless new words That are rushing over our land. **XII** **Apace shall our treasure extend** **From ominous shadows of old,** **A pendant of stones rare and grand** **That scattered all over our land.**</poem>|<poem></poem>|

## Infobox (anthem)

- **english title**: Our Language
- **image**: Limba noastra.svg
- **author**: Alexei Mateevici
- **lyrics date**: 1917
- **composer**: Alexandru Cristea
- **music date**: 1942
- **adopted**: 1995
- **sound**: Imnul Republicii Moldova US NAVY.ogg
Romanian alphabet

The **Romanian alphabet** is a variant of the Latin alphabet used by the Romanian language. It is a modification of the classical Latin alphabet and consists of 31 letters. Five of the letters (Ă, Â, Î, Ș, and Ț) have been changed from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language:

|Letter|Name|
| --- | --- |
|A, a|a|
|Ă, ă|ă|
|Â, â|î / î din a|
|B, b|be / bî|
|C, c|ce / cî|
|D, d|de / dî|
|E, e|e|
|F, f|ef / fe / fî|
|G, g|ge / ghe / gî|
|H, h|haș / ha / hî|
|I, i|i|

|Letter|Name|
| --- | --- |
|Î, î|î / î din i|
|J, j|je / jî|
|K, k|ca / capa|
|L, l|el / le / lî|
|M, m|em / me / mî|
|N, n|en / ne / nî|
|O, o|o|
|P, p|pe / pî|
|Q, q|chiu ()|
|R, r|er / re / rî|
|S, s|es / se / sî|

|Letter|Name|
| --- | --- |
|Ș, ș|șe / șî|
|T, t|te / tî|
|Ț, ț|țe / țî|
|U, u|u|
|V, v|ve / vî|
|W, w|dublu ve / dublu vî|
|X, x|ics|
|Y, y|igrec / i grec|
|Z, z|ze / zet / zed / zî|

The letters Q (_chiu_), W (_dublu v_), and Y (_igrec_ or _i grec_) were formally introduced in the Romanian alphabet in 1982, although they had been used earlier. They occur only in foreign words and their Romanian derivatives, such as _quasar_, _watt_, and _yacht_. The letter _K_, although relatively older, is also rarely used and appears only in proper names and international neologisms such as _kilogram_, _broker_, _karate_. These four letters are still perceived as foreign, which explains their usage for stylistic purposes in words such as _nomenklatură_ (normally _nomenclatură_, meaning "nomenclature", but sometimes spelled with _k_ instead of _c_ if referring to members of the Communist leadership in the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc countries, as _Nomenklatura_ is used in English).

In cases where the word is a direct borrowing having diacritical marks not present in the above alphabet, official spelling tends to favor their use (_München_, _Angoulême_ etc., as opposed to the use of _Istanbul_ over _İstanbul_).
S-comma

**S-comma** (majuscule: **Ș**, minuscule: **ș**) is a letter which is part of the Romanian alphabet, used to represent the sound , the voiceless postalveolar fricative (like _sh_ in _shoe_).

## History

The letter was proposed in the _Buda Lexicon_, a book published in 1825, which included two texts by Petru Maior, _Orthographia romana sive latino-valachica una cum clavi_ and _Dialogu pentru inceputul linbei române_, introducing ș for  and ț for .

## Unicode support

S-comma was not initially supported in early Unicode versions, nor in the predecessors like ISO/IEC 8859-2 and Windows-1250. Instead, Ş (S-cedilla), a character available since Unicode  1.1.0 (1993), was used for digital texts written in Romanian. In some contexts, like with low-resolution screens and printouts, the visual distinction between _ș_ and _ş_ is minimal. In 1999, at the request of the Romanian Standardization Association, S-comma was introduced in Unicode 3.0. Nevertheless, encoding for the S-comma was not supported in retail versions of Microsoft Windows XP, but a later European Union Expansion Font Update provided the feature. While digital accessibility to S-comma has since improved, both characters continue to be used interchangeably in various contexts like publishing.

The letter is part of Unicode's Latin Extended-B range, under "Additions for Romanian", titled as "Latin capital letter S with comma below" (U+0218) and "Latin small letter s with comma below" (U+0219). In HTML, these can be encoded by `&#x0218;` and `&#x0219;`, respectively.

## Use of the comma with the letter _S_

- Romanian
    - The Romanian letter  (S with comma) represents the voiceless postalveolar fricative  (as in "show"). On outdated systems which do not support the glyph, the symbol  (S with cedilla) is used. Example word: .
The Face in the Sky

***The Face in the Sky*** is a 1933 American romantic comedy movie directed by Harry Lachman and starring Spencer Tracy, Marian Nixon, Stuart Erwin, Sam Hardy, Sarah Padden, Guy Usher. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

## Plot

The film is about two sign painters (Spencer Tracy and Stuart Erwin) who find themselves blackmailed by a beautiful woman (Marian Nixon) determined to force Tracy's character into marriage. The film was directed by Harry Lachman and released by Fox Film.
Russian Empire national football team

The **Russian Empire national football team** was the national football team representing the Russian Empire. It existed from 1910 to 1914.

## Managers

- Georges Duperron (1910–1913)
- Robert Fulda (1914)

### Most appearances

- Vasily Zhitarev, 8
- Nikita Khromov, 6
- Vasily Butusov, 5
- Andrei Akimov, 4
- Pyotr Sokolov, 4

### Goals

- Vasily Zhitarev, 4
- Vasily Butusov, 1
- Aleksandr Krotov, 1
- Valentin Sysoyev, 1

## Infobox (national football team)

- **name**: Russian Empire (1910-1914)
- **badge**: Russian greaterarms.png
- **badge size**: 200px
- **association**:
_Всероссийский футбольный союз_
- **most caps**: Vasily Zhitarev (8)
- **top scorer**: Vasily Zhitarev (4)
- **fifa trigramme**: RUS
- **pattern la1**: _blackshoulders
- **pattern b1**: _blackshoulders
- **pattern ra1**: _blackshoulders
- **leftarm1**: FFA500
- **body1**: FFA500
- **rightarm1**: FFA500
- **shorts1**: 000000
- **socks1**: FFA500
- **leftarm2**: 000000
- **body2**: 000000
- **rightarm2**: 000000
- **shorts2**: 000000
- **socks2**: 000000
- **first game**: **Official**:
 Finland national football team, Finland 2–1 **Russian Empire**
 (Stockholm, Sweden; 30 June 1912)
 **Unofficial**:
  **Russian Empire** 5–4 Czechoslovakia national football team, Bohemia
 (Saint Petersburg, Russia; 16 October 1910)
- **largest win**: 5–4 Czechoslovakia national football team, Bohemia
 (Saint Petersburg, Russia; 16 October 1910)
- **largest loss**: Germany national football team, Germany 16–0 **Russian Empire**
 (Stockholm, Sweden; 1 July 1912)
- **regional name**: Summer Olympics
- **regional cup apps**: 1
- **regional cup first**: Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics, 1912
- **regional cup best**: 8th
Jang Song-thaek

**Jang Song-thaek** was a North Korean politician and general. Jang was the uncle of the Supreme Leader of North Korea Kim Jong-un through his marriage to Kim Jong-il's sister.

During the final years of Supreme Leader Kim Jong-il's life, Jang Song-thaek was believed to be the _de facto_ ruler of North Korea until Kim-Jong un became Supreme Leader in 2011.

Jong and his wife had a daughter who was born in 1977. She went to study in Paris but refused to return to North Korea and killed herself in 2006.

In December 2013, the North Korean government accused Jang Song-thaek of not being loyal to the Supreme Leader, Kim Jong-un (Jong Sang-Thaek's nephew). Jong Sang-thaek was then executed by shooting on the orders of Kim Jong-un.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jang Song-thaek
- **birth date**: 22 January 1946
- **birth place**: Chongjin, Soviet Civil Administration, Soviet North Korea
- **death date**: 12 December 2013
- **death place**: Pyongyang, North Korea
- **spouse**: Kim Kyong-hui
- **children**: 1
The Power and the Glory (movie)

***The Power and the Glory*** is a 1933 American drama movie directed by William K. Howard and starring Spencer Tracy, Colleen Moore, Ralph Morgan, Helen Vinson, Phillip Trent, J. Farrell MacDonald. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Man's Castle

***Man's Castle*** is a 1933 American romantic drama movie directed by Frank Borzage and was based on the play of the same name by Lawrence Hazard. It stars Spencer Tracy, Loretta Young, Marjorie Rambeau, Glenda Farrell, Walter Connolly and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
CIS national football team

The **CIS national football team** was a transitional national team. It was created by the Football Federation of the Soviet Union in 1992. It would represent the Commonwealth of Independent States.

## European Championship record

|Year|Round|Position|GP|W|D|L|GS|GA|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1992|Group stage|8th|3|0|2|1|1|4|
|**Total**|1/1|**8th**|3|0|2|1|1|4|

### National federation members of the CIS association

|Armenia|18 January 1992|National team|UEFA|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Azerbaijan|March 1992|National team|UEFA|
|Belarus|1989|National team|UEFA|
|Georgia|15 February 1936|National team|UEFA|
|Kazakhstan|1992|National team|UEFA|
|Kyrgyzstan|25 February 1992|National team|AFC|
|Moldova|14 April 1990|National team|UEFA|
|Russia|8 February 1992|National team|UEFA|
|Tajikistan|1936|National team|AFC|
|Turkmenistan|1992|National team|AFC|
|Ukraine|13 December 1991|National team|UEFA|
|Uzbekistan|1946|National team|AFC|
**1.**  Kazakhstan was an AFC member from 1994 until 2002, when they joined UEFA.

### National federations outside the CIS association

|Estonia|14 December 1921|National team|UEFA|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Latvia|1921|National team|UEFA|
|Lithuania|9 December 1922|National team|UEFA|

## Other websites

- USSR National Football Team  (in Russian)

## Infobox (national football team)

- **name**: CIS
- **date**: 1992
- **badge**: CIS_football.svg
- **fifa trigramme**: CIS
- **association**: Football Federation of the Soviet Union
- **coach**: Anatoly Byshovets
- **most caps**: Dmitri Kharine (11)
- **home stadium**: Various
- **top scorer**: Sergei Kiriakov (4)
- **first game**: United States men's national soccer team, United States 0–1 **CIS**
(Miami, Florida; 25 January 1992)
- **largest win**: El Salvador national football team, El Salvador 0–3 **CIS**
(San Salvador, El Salvador; 29 January 1992)
- **largest loss**: Mexico national football team, Mexico 4–0 **CIS**
(Mexico City, Mexico; 8 March 1992)
- **regional name**: UEFA European Football Championship, European Championship
- **regional cup apps**: 1
- **regional cup first**: 1992 European Football Championship, 1992
- **regional cup best**: Round 1, 1992 European Football Championship, 1992
- **pattern la1**: _cis92h
- **pattern b1**: _cis92h
- **pattern ra1**: _cis92h
- **leftarm1**: FF0000
- **body1**: FF0000
- **rightarm1**: FF0000
- **shorts1**: FFFFFF
- **socks1**: FF0000
- **pattern la2**: _cis92a
- **pattern b2**: _cis92a
- **pattern ra2**: _cis92a
- **pattern sh2**: _cis92a
- **pattern so2**: _cis92a
- **leftarm2**: FF0000
- **body2**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm2**: FF0000
- **shorts2**: FF0000
- **socks2**: FFFFFF
Squid Noir

"**Squid Noir**" is the first part of the 9th episode of the 11th season of _SpongeBob SquarePants_. It was first shown on television on November 10, 2017. The episode is about Squidward's clarinet going missing before playing at an open mic. The episode is shown in black and white. Before the episode was shown on television, fans were able to color the end of the episode. The first time the episode was on television, pictures that fans colored were shown at the end of the episode.

## Story

Squidward tries to play his clarinet at the Krusty Krab to prepare for playing at an open mic. The customers do not like the music and get him kicked out. Squidward tries to play in many other places, but no one wants to hear him play. He tries to play in his house, but his neighbor Patrick does not want to hear him play.

Before the night of the open mic, Squidward takes a nap. When he wakes up, he can not find his clarinet and thinks it was stolen. He goes to SpongeBob thinking that he took it. SpongeBob shows that he was at his grandmother's house when it happened. Squidward and SpongeBob go to the Krusty Krab and do a search on Mr. Krabs. Krabs says that he was counting his money when it happened and could not have taken the clarinet. Squidward and SpongeBob go to a comic book store to search Bubble Bass. SpongeBob and Bubble Bass fight using action figures. Bubble Bass's action figure breaks at the end of the fight.

Squidward goes back to his house. Patrick finds jelly on where the clarinet last was. Squidward, SpongeBob, and Patrick go to a field and find a jellyfish with Squidward's clarinet. Squidward gets the clarinet back and plays on the open mic that night.

## Reception

The episode was watched by 1.855 million people when it was first shown on television. John Schwartz of Bubble Blabber liked the black and white look but thought that the episode was "too cliched" (not original). Blake Harper of Fatherly said that the episode is "a hilarious tribute" to the noir genre.

## Infobox (television episode)

- **series**: SpongeBob SquarePants
- **season**: 11
- **episode**: 11a
- **director**: Alan Smart
Tom Yasumi
John Trabbic
Dave Cunningham
- **writer**: Andrew Goodman
- **prev**: Bunny Hunt
- **next**: Scavenger Pants
- **season article**: SpongeBob SquarePants (season 11)
- **episode list**: List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes
Post office box

A **post office box** or **PO box** is a rentable, lockable box that is located at a post office, registered under a unique address that is used to receive mail.

Only post office workers and the person or organization renting the box from the post office can get into the PO box.
Shanghai Madness

***Shanghai Madness*** is a 1933 American adventure drama movie directed by John G. Blystone and starring Spencer Tracy, Fay Wray, Ralph Morgan, Eugene Pallette, Arthur Hoyt, Albert Conti. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
The Mad Game

***The Mad Game*** is a 1933 American crime drama movie directed by Irving Cummings and starring Spencer Tracy, Claire Trevor, Ralph Morgan, J. Carrol Naish, Matt McHugh, Kathleen Burke, Willard Robertson. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Laws of thermodynamics

There are four **laws of thermodynamics**. They talk about temperature, heat, work, and entropy. They are used in thermodynamics and other sciences, for example chemistry.

Thermodynamics has three main laws: the first law, the second law, and the third law. Then there was another law, called the "zeroth law." The law of conservation of mass is also an important idea in thermodynamics, but it is not called law.

Laws of Thermodynamics is an integral part of Chemistry, which not only explain the surrounding but also the infinite Universe which governs by the laws of chemistry and others.

## Zeroth law

The _zeroth law of thermodynamics_ says temperature is an empirical parameter in thermodynamic systems. It states the transitive relationship between the temperatures of multiple bodies in thermal equilibrium. The law says: > If two systems are both in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

## First law

The _first law of thermodynamics_ is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic systems. The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system is constant; energy can be transformed from one form to another, but can be neither created nor destroyed. It can also be stated in the following form:> The energy gained (or lost) by a system is equal to the energy lost (or gained) by its surroundings.

## Second law

The _second law of thermodynamics_ says that some things can't be undone after they are done. This indicates that entropy is real. It states that, in an isolated system, entropy can increase but cannot decrease. It can be stated as follows:> Natural processes tend to go only one way, toward less usable energy and more disorder.

## Third law

The third law of thermodynamics _can be stated as:_> A system's entropy approaches a constant value as its temperature approaches absolute zero.
Wake Up and Dream

***Wake Up and Dream*** is a 1946 American fantasy drama movie directed by Lloyd Bacon and was based on the novel _The Enchanted Voyage_ by Robert Nathan. It stars John Payne, June Haver, Charlotte Greenwood, John Ireland, Clem Bevans, Lee Patrick, Irving Bacon and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Wake Island (1942 movie)

***Wake Island*** is a 1942 American World War II action drama movie directed by John Farrow and starring Brian Donlevy, Macdonald Carey, Robert Preston, William Bendix, Albert Dekker, Walter Abel, Frank Albertson and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1943.
Love Me or Leave Me

***Love Me or Leave Me*** is a 1955 American biographical musical drama movie directed by Charles Vidor and starring Doris Day, James Cagney, Cameron Mitchell, Robert Keith, Tom Tully, Harry Bellaver, Richard Gaines. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for 6 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1956.
The Arizonian

***The Arizonian*** is a 1935 American western movie directed by Charles Vidor and starring Richard Dix, Margot Grahame, Preston Foster, Francis Ford, Louis Calhern, Hattie McDaniels. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures.
Modular exponentiation

**Modular exponentiation** is about finding the value of the equation c = b<sup>e</sup> mod m. This is the remainder when dividing b<sup>e</sup> by m. It is the inverse function of the discrete logarithm. Because modular exponentiation is easy and fast, and finding the discrete logarithm is difficult, both are used in fields such as public-key cryptography.

## Right-to-left binary method

When dealing with very large whole numbers, directly finding the result can be very resource intensive. We can make some optimisations to save computation power with principles like exponention by squaring.

Let's solve c = b<sup>e</sup> mod m:

1. If m is 1, then we know that c must be 0 because every whole number is divisible by 1.
1. Pull the number 1 aside and name it r.
1. Find b mod m and replace b with the result.
1. While e is larger than 0 do the following:
    1. If e is an odd number:
        1. Find  and replace r with the result.
    1. Halve e and round it down to the nearest whole number. Then replace e with the result.
    1. Find  and replace b with the result.
1. Your answer will now be r.
Young Tom Edison

***Young Tom Edison*** is a 1940 American biographical drama movie directed by Norman Taurog and starring Mickey Rooney, Fay Bainter, George Bancroft, Virginia Weidler, Eugene Pallette, Victor Kilian, Bobby Jordan, Spencer Tracy. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was followed up by 1940 _Edison, the Man_.
Northwest Passage (1940 movie)

***Northwest Passage*** is a 1940 American western adventure movie directed by King Vidor and was based on the 1937 novel of the same name by Kenneth Roberts. It stars Spencer Tracy, Robert Young, Walter Brennan, Ruth Hussey, Nat Pendleton, Louis Hector, Isabel Jewell, Addison Richards and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1941.
Pierre Mercier (politician)

**Pierre Mercier** (2 March 1937 – 13 November 2020) was a Canadian politician. He was a member of the Quebec Liberal Party. Mercier was born in Montmagny, Quebec. He was a member of the National Assembly of Quebec for Bellechasse from 1973 to 1976.

Mercier died on 13 November 2020 in Quebec City at the age of 83.
Eitaro Okano

was a Japanese sprinter. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Okano died in Tokyo on 17 November 2020 from problems caused by a subarachnoid hemorrhage at the age of 90.
Fujio Akatsuka

was a Japanese artist of manga. He was known as the Gag Manga King. He won the Shogakukan Manga Award in 1964 for _Osomatsu-kun_ and the Bungeishunjū Manga Award in 1971 for _Tensai Bakabon_.

In April 2002 he was hospitalized for a subdural hematoma and was in a coma from 2004 until his death. On August 2, 2008, he died of pneumonia at a hospital in Bunkyō, Tokyo.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Fujio Akatsuka
- **image**: Akatsuka family.jpg
- **caption**: Akatsuka family
- **birth name**: 赤塚 藤雄 (Fujio Akatsuka)
- **birth place**: Luanping County, Luanping, Rehe Province, Rehe, Manchukuo（now Hebei Province, People's Republic of China）
- **death place**: Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- **nationality**: Japanese
- **known for**: _Tensai Bakabon_
_Osomatsu-kun_
_Himitsu no Akko-chan_
- **occupation**: mangaka, Manga artist
Yoshimitsu Banno

was a Japanese movie director and screenwriter. He was known for directing and writing the cult-classic _Godzilla vs. Hedorah_.

He was an executive producer on the Legendary Pictures's American _Godzilla_ movies, _Godzilla_ (2014) and _Godzilla: King of the Monsters_ (2019). He was born in Imabari, Japan.

Banno died of problems caused by a subarachnoid hemorrhage in Kawasaki, Japan on May 7, 2017 at the age of 86.
Uriah Adolphus Ashley Maclean

**Uriah Adolphus Ashley Maclean** (1 February 1944 – 25 November 2020) was a Panamanian Roman Catholic bishop. Ashley Maclean was born in Panama City. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1979. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Penonomé, Panama, from 1993 to 2015. He then was titular bishop of _Agbia_ and auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Panama, Panama, from 2015 to 2019.

Ashley Maclean died in Panama City on 25 November 2020 at the age of 76.
Dimitar Largov

**Dimitar Simeonov Largov** (; 10 September 1936 – 26 November 2020) was a Bulgarian football midfielder. He played for Bulgaria in the 1966 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Septemvri Sofia and Slavia Sofia.

He also competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics.

Largov died on 26 November 2020 at the age of 84.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Dimitar Largov
- **fullname**: Dimitar Simeonov Largov
- **birth place**: Sofia, Bulgaria
- **death place**: Sofia, Bulgaria
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 1946–1953
- **youthclubs1**: Cherveno Zname Sofia
- **years1**: 1954–1955
- **clubs1**: PFC Septemvri Sofia, Septemvri Sofia
- **caps1**: ?
- **goals1**: ?
- **years2**: 1956–1967
- **clubs2**: PFC Slavia Sofia, Slavia Sofia
- **caps2**: 220
- **goals2**: 19
- **nationalyears1**: 1959–1966
- **nationalteam1**: Bulgaria national football team, Bulgaria
- **nationalcaps1**: 20
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Austrian Parliament

The **Austrian Parliament** () is the bicameral federal legislature of the Austrian Republic. It is made up of two chambers: the National Council and the Federal Council.

In specific cases, both houses meet as the Federal Assembly. The legislature meets in the Austrian Parliament Building in Vienna.

## Other websites

- The Austrian Parliament - Official Homepage
Federal Assembly (Austria)

The **Federal Assembly** () is the name given to a formal joint session of the two houses of the bicameral Austrian Parliament, the National Council and the Federal Council. It is chaired by the presidents of the two parliamentary chambers.

Since 1945, the assembly has only met to swear the elected President of Austria into office.

## Other websites

- Official website
National Council (Austria)

The **National Council** () is one of the two houses of the Austrian Parliament. It is known as the lower house. The constitution gives the National Council with more power than the Federal Council. The 183 members of the National Council are elected by nationwide popular vote for a term of five years.
Federal Council (Austria)

The **Federal Council** (, ) is the upper house of the Austrian Parliament, representing the nine States of Austria on federal level.

It is part of a bicameral legislature alongside of the National Council. It can be compared with an upper house or a senate. It is less powerful than the National Council.

The _Bundesrat_ has its seat at the Austrian Parliament Building in Vienna. The Parliament Building is where the Federal Council meets in the Hofburg.
The BFG (1989 movie)

***The BFG*** is a 1989 British animated movie produced by Cosgrove Hall Films. Based on the 1982 book of the same name by Roald Dahl. It was directed by Brian Cosgrove and written by John Hambley. The movie was first shown on 25 December 1989 on ITV in the UK.

The movie was dedicated to animator George Jackson, who had worked on numerous Cosgrove Hall productions prior to his death in 1986. This movie is also the last and posthumous role of Ballard Berkeley (voice of the Head of the Army), who died in 1988.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The BFG
- **screenplay**: John Hambley (producer), John Hambley
- **director**: Brian Cosgrove
- **starring**: David Jason
Amanda Root
Angela Thorne
Ballard Berkeley
Michael Knowles (actor), Michael Knowles
Don Henderson
Mollie Sugden
Jimmy Hibbert
Frank Thornton
- **music**: Keith Hopwood (music and score)
Malcolm Rowe (lyrics and score)
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **producer**: Brian Cosgrove
Mark Hall (animator), Mark Hall
- **editing**: Nigel Rutter
- **runtime**: 91 minutes
- **studio**: Cosgrove Hall Films
- **distributor**: ITV (TV network), ITV
- **budget**: £3,000,000
Daria Nicolodi

**Daria Nicolodi** (19 June 1950 – 26 November 2020) was an Italian actress, producer and screenwriter. She was born in Florence, Italy. Her career began in 1970.

Her best known roles were in _Deep Red_ (1975),  _Inferno_ (1980), _Tenebrae_ (1982), _Phenomena_ (1985), and _Opera_ (1987).

From 1974 until 1985, she was in a relationship with Dario Argento. They had two children; including actress Asia Argento.

Nicolodi died on 26 November 2020 in Rome at the age of 70.
Teresita Sy-Coson

**Teresita Tan Sy-Coson** (born October 1950) is a Filipina businesswoman. She is the vice chairman of SM Investments Corporation (SMIC). The company is one of the Philippines' largest public holding companies. The company was started by her late father Henry Sy. Coson is also the chairman of BDO Unibank. She was recognized as _Fortune's_ 50 Power Business Women.
Hafez Abu Seada

**Hafez Abu Seada** (; 1965 – 26 November 2020) was an Egyptian politician and human rights activist. He was Chairman of the Egyptian Organization for Human rights. He was known for his campaigns against torture and police brutality in Egypt. Abu Seada was also member of the National Council for Human Rights. He was born in Cairo, Egypt.

Abu Seada died in Cairo on November 26, 2020 from COVID-19 at the age of 55.
Parviz Poorhosseini

**Parviz Poorhosseini** (Persian: پرویز پورحسینی, September 11, 1941 – November 27, 2020) was an Iranian actor. He was best known for his roles in _Bashu, the Little Stranger_ (1989), _The Fifth Season_ (1997) and _Saint Mary_ (1997). Poorhosseini had appeared in more than 35 movies, over 70 TV shows and 60 theater performances.

Poorhosseini died in Tehran on November 27, 2020 from COVID-19 at the age of 79.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: 1828481-parviz pour hoseini.jpg
- **birth place**: Tehran, Iran
- **death place**: Tehran, Iran
- **death cause**: COVID-19
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1970–2020
Aly Zaker

**Aly Zaker** (6 November 1944 – 27 November 2020) was a Bangladeshi actor, businessman, director and writer. He was the owner of Asiatic Marketing Communications Limited. He was born in Chittagong Division, Bengal Presidency, British India.

Zaker was a freedom fighter during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War.

He was known for starring in the movies _Agami_ (1984) and _Nodir Naam Modhumoti_ (1996). He also starred in the television series _Bohubrihi_ and _Aaj Robibar_.

Zaker died at a Dhaka hospital on 27 November 2020 from COVID-19, three weeks after his 76th birthday.
Noëlla Rouget

**Noëlla Rouget** (25 December 1919 – 22 November 2020) was a French resistant and teacher. She spoke of her experiences in the 1980s in Switzerland, Haute-Savoie, and Ain. She was born in Saumur, France.

Rouget died in Geneva on 22 November 2020 at the age of 100.

## Written works

- "Paule de Schoulepnikoff" (1995)
- "Un bouquet en liberté pour notre Présidente" (2002)
- _Entre mémoire collective et mémoire familiale : l'héritage d'un trauma collectif lié à la violence totalitaire : étude exploratoire sur la transmission transgénérationnelle…_ (2006)
- _Retour à la vie : l'accueil en Suisse romande d'anciennes déportées françaises de la Résistance, 1945-1947_ (2013)
- "Le chemin du retour de Ravensbrück" (2015)
- "Noëlla Rouget, la force du pardon" (2019)
Arthur Hervet

**Arthur Hervet** (11 November 1938 – 23 November 2020) was a French Roman Catholic priest. He was a member of the Assumptionists. He was known for his fight for Romani people. He was born in Bannalec, France.

In the mid-1980s, Hervet became chaplain of a Church boat in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine called the _Je Sers_. He founded the association La Pierre Blanche which helped the homeless and former prisoners.

Hervet died in Lille on 23 November 2020 at the age of 82.
Kamen Tchanev

**Kamen Tchanev** () (27 August 1964 – 26 November 2020) was a Bulgarian operatic tenor. He was born in Sliven, Bulgaria. He won the Jussi Björling International Competition for Tenors in 1994.

Tchanev made recordings for the Bulgarian National Radio, RAI-2, Italy and in 1999 he recorded with Plovdiv Philharmonic Orchestra, Nayden Todorov conducting a CD production for the American label MMO. His career began in 1993.

Tchanev died on 26 November 2020 in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria from COVID-19, aged 56.
Celestino Vercelli

**Celestino Vercelli** (10 August 1946 – 26 November 2020) was an Italian professional racing cyclist. He rode in the 1971 and 1976 Tour de France.

Vercelli died on 26 November 2020 at the age of 74.
Cheng Pei-pei

**Cheng Pei-pei** (Chinese: 鄭佩佩; 6 January 1946 – 17 July 2024) was a Chinese actress. Popularly known as "Queen of Swords" and "Queen of Martial Arts Films", Cheng starred in numerous successful wuxia and martial arts films, and is widely considered cinema's first female action hero. During her six-decade career, Cheng starred in over 110 movies and 50 television series. For her portrayal of Jade Fox in _Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon_ (2004), Cheng won a Hong Kong Film Award for Best Supporting Actress.

## Early life

Born in 1946 in Shanghai, China, Cheng moved to Hong Kong in 1962 at the age of 16. In 1963, she began training at Shaw Brothers Studio.

## Career

Cheng had her first movie role, starring as Liu Qiuzi in the 1964 Taiwanese drama movie _Lovers' Rock_.

Cheng was best known for starring in the 1966 Hong Kong wuxia movie _Come Drink with Me_, directed by King Hu. It stars Cheng as Golden Swallow, a good swordswoman on a mission to rescue her brother.

In 2000, she returned to international acting with her role as Jade Fox in Ang Lee's _Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon_.

Cheng was the president of the King Hu Foundation before her death.

## Personal life

Cheng married Yuan Wen-tung in 1970. They had four children, including gymnast Eugenia Yuan. In 1987, Cheng and Yuan divorced.

Cheng moved to Southern California in the 1970s to raise her children. She went to business school at the University of California, Irvine. During this time, she also taught Chinese dance.

In 2019, Cheng was diagnosed with corticobasal degeneration. She died from the disease on 17 July 2024 in San Francisco, California at the age of 78.

## Other websites

- Cheng Pei-pei entry at Lovehkfilm.com

## Infobox (chinese)

- **child**: yes
- **p**: Zhèng Pèipèi
- **w**: Cheng<sup>4</sup> P'ei<sup>4</sup>-p'ei<sup>4</sup>
- **j**: Zeng<sup>6</sup> Pui<sup>3</sup>-pui<sup>3</sup>


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **alias**: Queen of Swords, Queen of Martial Arts Films
- **origin**: Shaoxing, Zhejiang, Republic of China (1912–49), China


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Cheng Pei-pei
- **image**: Cheng Pei Pei (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Cheng in December 2014
- **alt**: Cheng Pei-pei in 2014
- **birth place**: Shanghai, Republic of China (1912–49), Republic of China
- **death place**: San Francisco, California, United States, U.S.
- **death cause**: Problems caused by corticobasal degeneration
- **years active**: 1964–2024
- **children**: 4, including Eugenia Yuan
Tzi Ma

**Tzi Ma** (; born June 10, 1962) is a Hong Kong-American actor.

He is well known for his roles in television shows, such as _The Man in the High Castle_ and _24_.

He also starred in the movies _Dante's Peak_, _Rush Hour_, _Rush Hour 3_, _Arrival_, _The Farewell_, and _Tigertail_.

His family moved to New York City in 1967 due to political problems in Hong Kong.

## Infobox (chinese)

- **child**: yes
- **t**: 馬泰
- **s**: 马泰
- **p**: Mǎ Tài
- **j**: Maa<sup>5</sup> Tai<sup>3</sup>
- **y**: Máh Taai


## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Tzi Ma (28212965079).jpg
- **caption**: Ma in 2016
- **birth place**: Hong Kong
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1979–present
Common Chinese tree frog

The **common Chinese tree frog** or **Chinese tree toad** (_Hyla chinensis_) is a tree frog from China.  People have seen it in the middle of China and in parts of Taiwan and Vietnam.  It lives between 200 and 1000 meters above sea level.

The adult frog is 25 to 33 cm long from nose to rear end.  The female frogs are larger than the male frogs.  This frog has a wide head.  This frog is dark green on the back with a yellow belly and a brown mouth.  It has a black stripe near each eye and black spots on its sides.  Adult frogs sit in trees, smaller plants, and rice fields, sometimes in groups.

Scientists say this frog is related to _Hyla arborea_.
Order of Nine Angles

The **Order of Nine Angles** (also called **ONA** or **O9A**) is a Satanic group based in the United Kingdom. The group say that the organization was created in the 1960s. The organization became popular in the 1980s, because of its Neo-Nazi beliefs.

The ONA believe that human history can be broken up into nine aeons - groups of time each representing a human civilization.  They want to create a government based on Satanism, Fascism and Social Darwinism, which is the idea that both people and countries succeed because they are naturally better than other people or countries. (Social Darwinism has been proven to be wrong.)  Some parts of the ONA say people should rape women and children.  According to the BBC, pedophiles have joined the ONA.

The government of the United Kingdom says one part of the ONA, the Sonnenkrieg Division, is a terrorist organization.  The Sonnenkrieg Division is now illegal in the United Kingdom.
Heart Evangelista

**Love Marie Payawal Ongpauco-Escudero** (born February 14, 1985) known as **Heart Evangelista** is a Filipina actress and TV host. She is married to Chiz Escudero and also referred to as the first lady of Sorsogon.