juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Eastern Province, Sri Lanka

The **Eastern Province** ( **';  **') is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The capital of the province is Trincomalee.

Provinces are the first level administrative division of the country. Provinces in Sri Lanka were created in the 19th century. Provincial councils were created in 1987 by a change to the Constitution. Between 1988 and 2006 the Northern Province and the Eastern Province were temporarily put together to make the North Eastern Province.

The Eastern Province has an area of .

## Infobox (province)

- **name**: Eastern Province
- **native name**:

- **settlement type**: Provinces of Sri Lanka, Province
- **image skyline**: Batticaloa lagoon, fishing boats.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Fishing boats on Batticaloa Lagoon
- **image map**: Sri Lanka Eastern Province locator map.svg
- **map caption**: Location within Sri Lanka
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sri Lanka
- **established title**: Created
- **established date**: 1 October 1833
- **established title1**: Provincial councils of Sri Lanka, Provincial council
- **established date1**: 14 November 1987
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Trincomalee
- **seat1 type**: Largest City
- **seat1**: Kalmunai
- **parts type**: Districts of Sri Lanka, Districts
- **parts style**: list
- **p1**: Ampara District, Ampara
- **p2**: Batticaloa District, Batticaloa
- **p3**: Trincomalee District, Trincomalee
- **government type**: Provincial council (Sri Lanka), Provincial council
- **governing body**: Eastern Provincial Council
- **leader title**: List of Governors of Eastern Province, Governor
- **leader name**: R.Adm Mohan Wijewickrama
- **leader title1**: Chief Minister of Sri Lanka, Chief Minister
- **leader name1**: M. N. Abdul Majeed
- **leader title2**: Parliament of Sri Lanka, MPs
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 9996
- **area land km2**: 9361
- **area water km2**: 635
- **area water percent**: 6.35
- **area rank**: 2nd (15.24% of total area)
- **population total**: 1551381
- **population rank**: 6th (7.66% of total pop.)
- **population as of**: 2012 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Sri Lanka
- **utc offset1**: +05:30
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in Sri Lanka, Post Codes
- **postal code**: 30000-32999
- **area code type**: List of Sri Lanka telephone codes, Telephone Codes
- **area code**: 026, 063, 065, 067
- **iso code**: LK-5
- **registration plate**: EP
- **blank name sec1**: Official Languages
- **blank info sec1**: Tamil language, Tamil, Sinhala language, Sinhala
Central Province, Sri Lanka

The **Central Province** ( **',  **') is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. It is located in the central mountainous area of the island. It is the sixth largest province by area. About 2.5 million people live here. The border of this province are North Central Province on the North, Uva Province on the East, North Western Province on the West and Sabaragamuwa Province on the South and West. The province's capital is Kandy.

### Large towns

- Nuwara Eliya (Municipal Council)
- Matale (Municipal Council)
- Gampola (Urban Council)
- Dambulla (Urban Council)

### Other towns

- Walapane
- Madawala Bazaar
- Nawalapitiya UC
- Hatton-Dikoya UC
- Wattegama UC
- Ginigathena
- Galewela
- Akurana
- Hanguranketa
- Ukuwela
- Kadugannawa UC
- Kundasale
- Naula
- Laggala
- Udupussellawa
- Rattota
- Abewela
- Alawatugoda
- Lindula-Talawakele UC
- Pilimatalawa
- Teldeniya
- Kotmale
- Maskeliya
- Talatuoya
- Walapane
- Padiyapalella
- Sigiriya
- Watawala

## Other websites

- Central Provincial Council Sri Lanka 
- Central Provincial Postal Codes Sri Lanka 
- Cities in Central province 
- Searchable Map of Sri Lanka

## Infobox (province)

- **name**: Central Province
- **native name**:

- **settlement type**: Provinces of Sri Lanka, Province
- **image skyline**: Victoria reservoir sri lanka sunken city of Teldeniya (2).JPG
- **image map**: Sri Lanka Central Province locator map.svg
- **map caption**: Location within Sri Lanka
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **established title**: Created
- **established date**: 1833
- **established title1**: Constitution of Sri Lanka, Admitted
- **established date1**: 14 November 1987
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Kandy
- **seat1 type**: Largest City
- **seat1**: Kandy
- **leader title**: List of Governors of Central Province, Governor
- **leader name**: Tikiri Kobbekaduwa
- **leader title1**: Chief Minister
- **leader name1**: Sarath Ekanayake
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 5,674
- **area rank**: 6th (8.63% of total area)
- **population total**: 2558716
- **population rank**: 2nd (12.97% of total pop.)
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Gross Regional Product
- **demographics1 footnotes**:  (2010)
- **demographics1 title1**: Total
- **demographics1 info1**: Sri Lankan rupee, Rs 465 billion
- **demographics1 title2**: Rank
- **demographics1 info2**: 4th (9.6% of total)
- **timezone1**: Sri Lanka
- **utc offset1**: +05:30
- **blank name sec1**: Official Languages
- **blank info sec1**: Sinhala language, Sinhala, Tamil language, Tamil
- **iso code**: LK-2
- **website**: [http://www.cpcouncil.net cpcouncil.net]
North Central Province, Sri Lanka

**North Central Province** ( **',  **') is a province of Sri Lanka. Its capital city is Anuradhapura. The province is not densely populated. It has a weak economy.

## Towns

Anuradhapura is the only major city. It is governed by a Municipal Council. Other towns in the province are:

- Polonnaruwa-Kaduruwela
- Medawachchiya
- Kahatagasdigiliya
- Hingurakgoda
- Nochchiyagama
- Kekirawa
- Minneriya
- Horowpatana
- Tambuttegama
- Manampitiya
- Eppawala
- Habarana
- Maradankadawala
- Rambewa
- Mihintale
- Talawa
- Padawiya
- Kebitigollawa
- Giritale
- Mahailuppallama
- Welikanda

## Other websites

- North Central Province Provincial Council
- Cities in North Central province

## Infobox (province)

- **name**: North Central Province
- **native name**:

- **other name**: Uturumeda Province
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Sri Lanka, Province
- **image map**: Sri Lanka North Central Province locator map.svg
- **map caption**: Location within Sri Lanka
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **established title**: Created
- **established date**: 1873
- **established title1**: Constitution of Sri Lanka, Admitted
- **established date1**: 14 November 1987
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Anuradhapura
- **seat1 type**: Largest City
- **seat1**: Anuradhapura
- **leader title**: List of Governors of North Central Province, Governor
- **leader name**: Karunarathne Diulgane
- **leader title1**: Chief Minister
- **leader name1**: S. M. Ranjith
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 10472
- **area rank**: 1st (16.31% of total area)
- **population total**: 1259567
- **population rank**: 8th (5.91% of total pop.)
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Gross Regional Product
- **demographics1 footnotes**:  (2010)
- **demographics1 title1**: Total
- **demographics1 info1**: Sri Lankan rupee, Rs 232 billion
- **demographics1 title2**: Rank
- **demographics1 info2**: 7th (4.8% of total)
- **timezone1**: Sri Lanka
- **utc offset1**: +05:30
- **blank name sec1**: Official Languages
- **blank info sec1**: Sinhala language, Sinhala, Tamil language, Tamil
- **iso code**: LK-7
Sagittarius A*

**Sagittarius A*** (**Sgr A***) is a bright astronomical radio source at the center of the Milky Way. It is in the direction of the constellations Sagittarius and Scorpius.

The radio source is part of a larger astronomical feature known as Sagittarius A. Sagittarius A* is thought to be a supermassive black hole, like those that are at the centers of most spiral and elliptical galaxies. Observations of the star S2 in orbit around Sagittarius A* were used to show the presence of the Milky Way's central supermassive black hole. This led to the conclusion that Sagittarius A* is the site of that black hole. Another star, S8, is orbiting Sagittarius A* along with many other stars. A star known as S14 has an extremely elliptical orbitand a star named S4716 has an orbital period of only 4 years.

## Related pages

- Sagittarius A
- Sagittarius

## Infobox (diffuse nebula)

- **name**: Saggitarius A*
- **image**: Sagittarius A*.jpg
- **caption**: Saggitarius A* image by Chandra X-Ray Observatory
- **type**: Radio source
- **dist ly**: 25900±1400 light years
- **constellation**: Sagittarius (constellation), Sagittarius
- **notes**: Radio source in the center of the Milky Way
- **names**: Sgr A*
Pope Linus

**Pope Linus** was the second Pope of the Catholic Church, (the official title is Bishop of Rome). He was pope from 67 to 76 AD.

Linus came from Volterra, Tuscany.  He became a follower of Peter. Peter was pleased with Linus and introduced him to the teachings of Christianity.  After a time He was consecrated by Peter as a Bishop. He formed a Christian community in Ruvo, Apulia. The location where the community of Linus met is now known as the Crypt of San Cleto. He was also sent to Besançon and brought many people to Christianity.

When Peter was put into prison, Linus became the next leader of the Church. He served at a very dangerous time during the reign of Nero.  He converted to Christianity the daughter of a Roman official named Saturinus and was for that reason put into prison and beheaded.  He was buried near Peter.

Linus is one of the three popes mentioned by name in the New Testament along with Peter and Clement. He is recognized as a saint. His feast day is 23 September, the same day as his death.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: Pope Saint
- **name**: Linus
- **title**: Bishop of Rome
- **term start**: AD 68
- **term end**: AD 80
- **predecessor**: Saint Peter, Peter
- **successor**: Pope Anacletus, Anacletus
- **ordained by**: Paul the Apostle
- **birth place**: Volterra, Italy (Roman Empire), Italy, Roman Empire
- **death place**: Rome, Italy (Roman Empire), Italy, Roman Empire
- **buried**: possibly Vatican Hill
- **parents**: Herculanus
- **feast day**: 23 September
- **venerated**: All Christian denominations that venerate saints
- **canonized date**: Pre-Congregation
- **attributes**: Papal vestments and pallium
- **patronage**: #Patronage, Patronage list
- **image**: Menologion of Basil II - Patrobulus, Hermas, Linus, Caius, Philologus of 70 disciples (Portrait of Linus).jpg
- **caption**: 10th-century Byzantine art, Byzantine portrait of Linus from _Menologion of Basil II_ in the Vatican Library
North Western Province, Sri Lanka

**North Western Province** ( **',  **') is a province of Sri Lanka. The districts of Kurunegala and Puttalam are in North Western Province. Its capital city is Kurunegala.

The only higher educational institute in the province is the Wayamba University of Sri Lanka.

## Districts

North Western Province is divided into 2 districts:
- Kurunegala District
- Puttalam District

## Settlements

- Major cities
- Kurunegala (Municipal Council)

- Big towns
- Puttalam (Urban Council)
- Kuliyapitiya (Urban Council)
- Chilaw (Urban Council)

- Other towns
- Wariyapola
- Anamaduwa
- Narammala
- Wennappuwa
- Galgamuwa
- Pannala
- Alawwa
- Dankotuwa
- Hiripitiya
- Maho
- Nattandiya
- Kalpitiya
- Nikaweratiya
- Hettipola
- Bingiriya
- Marawila
- Giriulla
- Madampe

## Other websites

- North Western Province Postal Codes [complete list of post codes for all towns and villages of wayamba palatha]
- North-Western Provincial Council  at the official website of the government of Sri-Lanka

## Infobox (province)

- **name**: North Western Province
- **native name**:

- **other name**: Wayamba Province
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Sri Lanka, Province
- **image map**: Sri Lanka North Western Province locator map.svg
- **map caption**: Location within Sri Lanka
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **established title**: Created
- **established date**: 1845
- **established title1**: Constitution of Sri Lanka, Admitted
- **established date1**: 14 November 1987
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Kurunegala
- **seat1 type**: Largest City
- **seat1**: Kurunegala
- **leader title**: List of Governors of North Western Province, Governor
- **leader name**: Thissa R Balalla
- **leader title1**: Chief Minister
- **leader name1**: Dayasiri Jayasekara
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 7888
- **area rank**: 5th (11.89% of total area)
- **population total**: 2370075
- **population rank**: 4th (11.61% of total pop.)
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Gross Regional Product
- **demographics1 footnotes**:  (2010)
- **demographics1 title1**: Total
- **demographics1 info1**: Sri Lankan rupee, Rs 495 billion
- **demographics1 title2**: Rank
- **demographics1 info2**: 2nd (10.3% of total)
- **timezone1**: Sri Lanka
- **utc offset1**: +05:30
- **blank name sec1**: Official Languages
- **blank info sec1**: Sinhala language, Sinhala, Tamil language, Tamil
- **iso code**: LK-6
- **website**: [http://www.priu.gov.lk/ProvCouncils/Indexpc.html#North-Western priu.gov.lk]
Uva Province

**Uva** ( _Uva_,  _Uva_) is a province of Sri Lanka. It was created in 1896. The capital city of the province is Badulla. There are about 1,259,880 people living in Uva Province. It is the second least populated province in the country.

Uva consists of two districts: Badulla and Moneragala. Eastern, Southern and Central provinces form the border of Uva.

Its major tourist attractions are Dunhinda Falls, Diyaluma Falls, Rawana Falls, the Yala National Park (lying partly in the Southern and Eastern Provinces) and Gal Oya National Park (lying partly in the Eastern Province). The Gal Oya hills and the Central mountains are the main highlands. The Mahaweli and Menik rivers and the huge Senanayake Samudraya and Maduru Oya Reservoirs are the major waterways.

## Districts

Uva is divided into 2 districts:
- Badulla District
- Moneragala District

## Towns

Badulla is the only major city in the province. It is governed by a Municipal Council.

- Large towns
- Bandarawela (Municipal Council)
- Haputale (Urban Council)

- Other towns
- Monaragala
- Welimada
- Haputale
- Passara
- Ella
- Mahiyanganaya
- Diyatalawa
- Haliela
- Bibile
- Wellawaya
- Haldummulla
- Beragala
- Lunugala
- Buttala
- Madulla
- Kataragama
- Tanamalwila
- Badalkumbura
- Siyambalanduwa
- Okkampitiya

## Other websites

- All Cities in Uva province 

## Infobox (province)

- **name**: Uva
- **native name**:

- **settlement type**: Provinces of Sri Lanka, Province
- **image skyline**: Ella Valley, Sri Lanka, Mountains in clouds.jpg
- **image caption**: View from Ella gap
- **image map**: Sri Lanka Uva locator map.svg
- **map caption**: Location within Sri Lanka
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **established title**: Created
- **established date**: 1886
- **established title1**: Constitution of Sri Lanka, Admitted
- **established date1**: 14 November 1987
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Badulla
- **seat1 type**: Largest City
- **seat1**: Badulla
- **leader title**: List of Governors of Uva, Governor
- **leader name**: Nanda Mathew
- **leader title1**: Chief Minister
- **leader name1**: Shasheendra Kumara Rajapaksa
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 8500
- **area rank**: 4th (12.92% of total area)
- **population total**: 1259800
- **population rank**: 7th (6.3% of total pop.)
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Gross Regional Product
- **demographics1 footnotes**:  (2010)
- **demographics1 title1**: Total
- **demographics1 info1**: Sri Lankan rupee, Rs 220 billion
- **demographics1 title2**: Rank
- **demographics1 info2**: 8th (4.6% of total)
- **timezone1**: Sri Lanka
- **utc offset1**: +05:30
- **blank name sec1**: Official Languages
- **blank info sec1**: Sinhala language, Sinhala, Tamil language, Tamil
- **blank name sec2**: Symbols
- **blank info sec2**: Gurulu raaja (_Rhynchostylis retusa_)
- **iso code**: LK-8
- **website**: [http://www.tourismuva.com www.tourismuva.com]
Trincomalee District

**Trincomalee District** ( __; ) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka. Districts are the second-level administrative divisions of the country. The capital of the district is the city of Trincomalee.

Trincomalee District is in the east of Sri Lanka. It is part of the Eastern Province. It has an area of .

## Infobox (district)

- **name**: Trincomalee District
- **native name**:

- **settlement type**: Districts of Sri Lanka, Administrative District
- **image skyline**: Prima Factory From Sky.jpg
- **image caption**: Trincomalee Bay
- **image map**: Trincomalee district.svg
- **map caption**: Location within Sri Lanka
- **image map1**: Trincomalee District A3.png
- **map caption1**: Administrative units of Trincomalee District in 2006
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sri Lanka
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sri Lanka, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, Eastern
- **established title**: Created
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Trincomalee
- **parts type**: Divisional Secretary's Division, DS Division
- **parts style**: coll
- **p1**: Gomarankadawala Divisional Secretary's Division, Gomarankadawala
- **p2**: Kantalai Divisional Secretary's Division, Kantalai
- **p3**: Kinniya Divisional Secretary's Division, Kinniya
- **p4**: Kuchchaveli Divisional Secretary's Division, Kuchchaveli
- **p5**: Morawewa Divisional Secretary's Division, Morawewa
- **p6**: Muttur Divisional Secretary's Division, Muttur
- **p7**: Padavi Siripura Divisional Secretary's Division, Padavi Siripura
- **p8**: Seruvila Divisional Secretary's Division, Seruvila
- **p9**: Thampalakamam Divisional Secretary's Division, Thampalakamam
- **p10**: Trincomalee Town and Gravets Divisional Secretary's Division, Trincomalee Town & Gravets
- **p11**: Verugal and Eachchalampattu Divisional Secretary's Division, Verugal & Eachchalampattu
- **leader title**: District Secretary
- **leader name**: Maj Gen T. Thissa Ranjith de Silva
- **leader title1**: Parliament of Sri Lanka, MPs
- **leader title2**: Eastern Provincial Council, MPCs
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 2727
- **area land km2**: 2529
- **area water km2**: 198
- **area water percent**: 7.26
- **area rank**: 11th (4.16% of total area)
- **population total**: 378182
- **population rank**: 21st (1.87% of total pop.)
- **population as of**: 2012 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Sri Lanka
- **utc offset1**: +05:30
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in Sri Lanka, Post Codes
- **postal code**: 31000-31999
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Sri Lanka, Telephone Codes
- **area code**: 026
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:LK, LK-53
- **registration plate**: EP
- **blank name sec1**: Official Languages
- **blank info sec1**: Tamil language, Tamil, Sinhala language, Sinhala
Batticaloa District

**Batticaloa District** ( __; ) is one of the 25 districts of Sri Lanka. It is part of the Eastern Province. The capital of the district is the city of Batticaloa.

Ampara District was separated from the southern part of Batticaloa District in April 1961.

## Geography

Batticaloa District is in the east of Sri Lanka. It is part of the Eastern Province. It has an area of .

## Infobox (district)

- **name**: Batticaloa District
- **native name**:

- **settlement type**: Districts of Sri Lanka, Administrative District
- **image skyline**: Sunset - Kumburumoolai, Batticaloa.jpg
- **image caption**: Sunset at Kumburumoolai
- **image map**: Batticaloa district.svg
- **map caption**: Location within Sri Lanka
- **image map1**: Batticaloa District.png
- **map caption1**: Administrative units of Batticaloa District in 2007
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sri Lanka
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sri Lanka, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Eastern Province, Sri Lanka, Eastern
- **established title**: Created
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Batticaloa
- **parts type**: Divisional Secretary's Division, DS Division
- **parts style**: coll
- **p1**: Eravurpattu Divisional Secretary's Division, Eravurpattu
- **p2**: Eravur Town Divisional Secretary's Division, Eravur Town
- **p3**: Kattankudy Divisional Secretary's Division, Kattankudy
- **p4**: Koralaipattu Divisional Secretary's Division, Koralaipattu
- **p5**: Koralaipattu Central
- **p6**: Koralaipattu North Divisional Secretary's Division, Koralaipattu North
- **p7**: Koralaipattu South Divisional Secretary's Division, Koralaipattu South
- **p8**: Koralaipattu West Divisional Secretary's Division, Koralaipattu West
- **p9**: Manmunai North Divisional Secretary's Division, Manmunai North
- **p10**: Manmunaipattu Divisional Secretary's Division, Manmunaipattu
- **p11**: Manmunai South & Eruvilpattu Divisional Secretary's Division, Manmunai S & Eruvilpattu
- **p12**: Manmunai South West
- **p13**: Manmunai West Divisional Secretary's Division, Manmunai West
- **p14**: Porativupattu Divisional Secretary's Division, Porativupattu
- **leader title**: District Secretary
- **leader name**: P. S. M. Charles
- **leader title1**: Parliament of Sri Lanka, MPs
- **leader title2**: Eastern Provincial Council, MPCs
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 2854
- **area land km2**: 2610
- **area water km2**: 244
- **area water percent**: 8.55
- **area rank**: 9th (4.35% of total area)
- **population total**: 525142
- **population rank**: 17th (2.59% of total pop.)
- **population as of**: 2012 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Sri Lanka
- **utc offset1**: +05:30
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in Sri Lanka, Post Codes
- **postal code**: 30000-30999
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Sri Lanka, Telephone Codes
- **area code**: 065
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:LK, LK-51
- **registration plate**: EP
- **blank name sec1**: Official Languages
- **blank info sec1**: Tamil language, Tamil, Sinhala language, Sinhala
Fell

A **fell** (from Old Norse _fell_, _fjall_, "mountain") is a high and barren landscape feature, such as a mountain range or moor-covered hills. The term is most often employed in Scandinavia, the Isle of Man, parts of northern England, and Scotland.

## Origins of the name

The English word _fell_ comes from Old Norse _fell_, _fjall_ (both forms existed). It is from the same root word as the Icelandic _fjall_/_fell_. Also the Swedish _fjäll_, and Norwegian _fjell_. These all refer to mountains rising above the alpine tree line.

## Other websites

- Welcome to the Fjelds!
Lamar Alexander

**Andrew Lamar Alexander, Jr.** (born July 3, 1940) is an American politician. He was a United States senator from Tennessee from 2003 to 2021. He is a member of the Republican Party. Alexander was conference chair of the Republican Party in the US Senate from 2007 to 2012.

He unsuccessfully ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 1996 and 2000.

In December 2018, Alexander announced his retirement from the Senate by not running in the 2020 election.

## Other websites

- Senator Lamar Alexander  official US Senate site
- Lamar Alexander for Senate
- Profile  at SourceWatch

## Infobox (senator)

- **birthname**: Andrew Lamar Alexander
- **image**: Lamar Alexander official photo.jpg
- **jr/sr**: Senior Senator
- **state**: Tennessee
- **term start**: January 3, 2003
- **term end**: January 3, 2021
- **preceded**: Fred Thompson
- **succeeded**: Bill Hagerty
- **order2**: 27th Republican Conference Chairman of the United States Senate, Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference
- **term start2**: December 2007
- **term end2**: January 26, 2012
- **leader2**: Mitch McConnell
- **predecessor2**: Jon Kyl
- **successor2**: John Thune
- **order3**: 5th
- **office3**: United States Secretary of Education
- **term start3**: March 22, 1991
- **term end3**: January 20, 1993
- **president3**: George H. W. Bush
- **predecessor3**: Lauro Cavazos
- **successor3**: Richard Riley
- **order4**: 45th
- **office4**: Governor of Tennessee
- **term start4**: January 16, 1979
- **term end4**: January 17, 1987
- **lieutenant4**: John S. Wilder
- **predecessor4**: Ray Blanton
- **successor4**: Ned McWherter
- **birth place**: Maryville, Tennessee, United States, US
- **spouse**: Honey Buhler (m. 1969)
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 4
- **residence**: Nashville, Tennessee, United States, US
- **alma mater**: Vanderbilt University <small>(B.A.)</small>
New York University School of Law <small>(Juris Doctor, J.D.)</small>
- **occupation**: President of the University of Tennessee
Professor at Harvard Kennedy School
- **profession**: Attorney
Lawrence Eagleburger

**Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger** (August 1, 1930 – June 4, 2011) was an American statesman and diplomat.

## Early life

Eagleburger was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on August 1, 1930. He was raised in Stevens Point, Wisconsin. Eagleburger studied at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point and at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

## Career

Eagleburger served briefly as the Secretary of State under President George H. W. Bush. Previously, he had served in lesser capacities under Presidents Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and as Deputy Secretary of State under George H. W. Bush.

Eagleburger is the only career Foreign Service Officer to have served as Secretary of State.

## Personal life

Eagleburger married Marlene Ann Heinemann in 1966. They had three sons, Lawrence Scott, Lawrence Andrew, and Lawrence Jason. Their marriage would last until Eagleburger's death in 2011.

## Death

Eagleburger died of pneumonia at the University of Virginia Medical Center in Charlottesville, Virginia. He was 80 years old.

## Other websites

- Sourcewatch article on Eagleburger.
- Lawrence Eagleburger profile, NNDB.
- Lawrence Eagleburger has been interviewed as part of Frontline Diplomacy: The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, a site at the Library of Congress.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lawrence Eagleburger
- **birthname**: Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger
- **image**: Lawrence Eagleburger.jpg
- **order**: 62nd
- **title**: United States Secretary of State
- **president**: George H. W. Bush
- **term start**: December 8, 1992
- **term end**: January 20, 1993
<small>Acting Secretary, Aug. 23 – Dec. 8, 1992</small>
- **predecessor**: James Baker
- **successor**: Warren Christopher
- **order2**: 10th
- **title2**: United States Deputy Secretary of State, Deputy Secretary of State
- **term start2**: January 20, 1989
- **term end2**: August 23, 1992
- **president2**: George H. W. Bush
- **predecessor2**: John C. Whitehead
- **successor2**: Clifton R. Wharton, Jr.
- **order3**: 12th Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
- **term start3**: February 11, 1982
- **term end3**: May 1, 1984
- **president3**: Ronald Reagan
- **predecessor3**: Walter John Stoessel, Jr., Walter J. Stoessel, Jr.
- **successor3**: Michael Armacost
- **birth place**: Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- **death place**: Charlottesville, Virginia
- **signature**: Lawrence Eagleburger Signature.svg
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Marlene Ann Heinemann
(m. 1966–2010, her death)
- **children**: Lawrence Scott Eagleburger
Lawrence Andrew Eagleburger
Lawrence Jason Eagleburger
- **alma mater**: University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point
University of Wisconsin–Madison<small>(Bachelor of Arts, B.A., Master of Arts (postgraduate), M.A.)</small>
- **profession**: political analyst
- **branch**: United States Army
- **serviceyears**: 1952–1954
- **rank**: First Lieutenant
Alvey A. Adee

**Alvey Augustus Adee** (November 27, 1842 – July 4, 1924) was an American politicians and diplomat. He was a long-time official with the United States Department of State. He served as the acting Secretary of State in 1898 during the Spanish-American War.

## References

- Mellander, Gustavo A.(1971) _The United States in Panamanian Politics: The Intriguing Formative Years_. Daville, Ill.:Interstate Publishers. OCLC 138568.
- Mellander, Gustavo A.; Nelly Maldonado Mellander (1999). _Charles Edward Magoon: The Panama Years_. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Plaza Mayor. . OCLC 42970390.
- An Appreciation of Alvey Adee

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alvey Augustus Adee
- **image**: AAAoftheState.jpg
- **order**: 2nd
- **title**: United States Second Assistant Secretary of State
- **term start**: August 3, 1886
- **term end**: June 30, 1924
- **predecessor**: William Hunter (Asst. Sec. of State), William Hunter
- **successor**: _(none)_
- **birth place**: Astoria, New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Washington D.C., United States, U.S.
- **profession**: Diplomat, Secretary, Politician
John McHugh

**John Michael McHugh** (born September 29, 1948) is an American politician and diplomat. He is the 21st United States Secretary of the Army. He was a former New York representative in the United States House of Representatives.

On June 2, 2009, President Barack Obama nominated him to the position of United States Secretary of the Army. The United States Senate confirmed McHugh in a voice vote on September 16, 2009. He was sworn in as the 21st Secretary of the Army at a Pentagon ceremony on September 21, 2009. He resigned on November 1, 2015.

## Other websites

- Secretary of the Army, United States Army website
- Statemens by John M. McHugh

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birth name**: John Michael McHugh
- **image**: Army Secretary John McHugh.jpg
- **birth place**: Watertown, New York
- **residence**: Ellisburg (town), New York, Pierrepont Manor, New York
- **alma mater**: Utica College <small>(Bachelor of Arts, B.A.)</small>
State University of New York at Albany, SUNY, Albany <small>(Master of Public Administration, M.P.A)</small>
- **occupation**: Insurance Broker
Government Worker
- **order**: 21st
- **office**: United States Secretary of the Army
- **president**: Barack Obama
- **term start**: September 21, 2009
- **term end**: November 1, 2015
- **predecessor**: Pete Geren
- **successor**: Eric Fanning (Acting)
- **state2**: New York (state), New York
- **district2**: New York's 23rd congressional district, 23rd
- **term start2**: January 3, 2003
- **term end2**: September 21, 2009
- **preceded2**: Sherwood Boehlert
- **succeeded2**: Bill Owens (congressman), Bill Owens
- **state3**: New York (state), New York
- **district3**: New York's 24th congressional district, 24th
- **term start3**: January 3, 1993
- **term end3**: January 3, 2003
- **preceded3**: Gerald B. H. Solomon
- **succeeded3**: Sherwood Boehlert
- **office4**: New York Senate, New York State Senator
from the 46th district
- **term start4**: 1985
- **term end4**: 1992
- **preceded4**: Hugh Douglas Barclay, H. Douglas Barclay
- **succeeded4**: James W. Wright
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Katherine Sullivan (divorced)
- **signature**: John M. McHugh signature.svg
Dave Strack

**Dave Strack** (c. 1923 – January 25, 2014) was an American basketball coach and player. He was the former university athletic director for the University of Arizona and head basketball coach of the University of Michigan. He is an inductee of the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.

Strack died on January 25, 2014 in Ann Arbor, Michigan from natural causes, aged 90.

## Other websites

- Strack coaching stats
Norman Quijano

**Norman Noel Quijano Gonzalez** (born November 2, 1946) is an Salvadoran politician. He was the mayor of San Salvador from May 2009 through August 2013. He was the President of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador from May 2018 to November 2019.

## Early life

Quijano was born **Norman Noel Quijano Gonzalez** on November 2, 1946 in Santa Ana, El Salvador.

## Career

In 2008, he was appointed as the candidate of the Nationalist Republican Alliance for mayor of San Salvador. He won the elections on January 18, 2009. He defeated the incumbent mayor Violeta Menjívar. He was inaugurated as mayor on May 1, 2009.  He was reelected as mayor in 2012.

### Presidential election

In August 20 2012, he was appointed as ARENA's presidential candidate for 2014 elections. On August 15, 2013, Quijano resigned his office as mayor, so that he can run for president. He was succeeded by Gloria Calderón de Oñate.

## Legal issues

In April 2024, Norman Quijano was sentenced in absentia to 13 years and 4 months in prison for election fraud and illegal association. However, Quijano and his lawyers said the trial was unfair and part of political persecution. They said there was no video or audio proof, and that the main witnesses—who were gang members—did not come to court and could not be found. The case is still under appeal in the Supreme Court of El Salvador.

In March 2025, Quijano was detained by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement while he was asking for political asylum in the United States. He said he could be in danger if he returned to El Salvador.

## Other websites

- Official biography in Spanish

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Norman Quijano
- **image**: Norman Quijano.jpg
- **caption**: Norman Quijano in 2018
- **office**: List of presidents of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador, President of the Legislative Assembly
- **term start**: May 1, 2018
- **term end**: November 1, 2019
- **predecessor**: Guillermo Antonio Gallegos Navarrete
- **successor**: Mario Ponce
- **office1**: Mayor of San Salvador
- **term start1**: May 1, 2009
- **term end1**: May 1, 2015
- **predecessor1**: Violeta Menjívar
- **successor1**: Nayib Bukele
- **birthname**: Norman Noel Quijano González
- **birth place**: Santa Ana, El Salvador, Santa Ana, El Salvador
- **party**: Nationalist Republican Alliance
- **alma mater**: University of El Salvador
Happy (Pharrell Williams song)

"**Happy**" is a 2013 song performed by American singer and producer Pharrell Williams. It was released as a soundtrack for the animated movie _Despicable Me 2._

It was released for the album Despicable Me 2: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and is nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. It was ranked at number one at the Ireland musical charts.

## Composition

"Happy" was written and produced by Pharrell Williams. Williams is the lead vocalist throughout the song, while the backing vocals are performed by Rhea Dummett, Trevon Henderson, Shamika Hightower, Ashley L. Lee, Jasmine Murray and Terrence Rolle. The song was recorded at Circle House Studios in Miami, Florida in 2013 and later mixed at Music Box Studios in Atlanta, Georgia.

"Happy" is 3 minutes and 53 seconds long and has a tempo of 160 beats per minute.

## Chart performance

In October 2013, a month prior to its release, "Happy" reached the number-one spot on the Dutch Top 40 chart in the Netherlands, partially as a result of radio station 3FM airplay and online downloads, as well as featuring in a Transavia commercial.

"Happy" reached the top of the US _Billboard_ Hot 100 for the week ending March 1, 2014. This became the fourth song featuring Pharrell Williams to top this chart, however it is the first song with Williams as the lead vocalist to do so. By March 2014, more than 3 million units of the song were sold in the United States.

In the United Kingdom, "Happy" debuted outside the Top 70 of the UK Singles Chart on 1 December 2013 and eventually reached the number-one position on 29 December. It was the third song featuring Pharrell Williams to chart at number one in 2013, making Williams the first artist to have three number-one singles in the United Kingdom since 2009.

In Australia, "Happy" reached the number-one position on the ARIA Singles Chart on 6 January 2014 and spent 12 non-consecutive weeks at that position.

In New Zealand, "Happy" reached the number-one position on the NZ Top 40 Singles Chart on 6 January 2014 and has spent 15 non-consecutive weeks at that position. On 28 April 2014, its 15th week at the number-one position, it became the song with the most weeks at the number-one position in the chart's history.

Other countries in which "Happy" has reached the number-one position on a national singles chart include Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Venezuela.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Happy
- **artist**: Pharrell Williams
- **album**: Despicable Me 2#Soundtrack, Despicable Me 2: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack _and_ Girl (album), Girl
- **released**: November 21, 2013
- **recorded**: 2013 at Circle House Studios, Miami, Florida
- **length**: 3:53
- **writer**: Pharrell Williams
- **producer**: Pharrell Williams
- **prev title**: Lose Yourself to Dance
- **prev year**: 2013
- **next title**: Move That Dope
- **next year**: 2014
Applause (Lady Gaga song)

"**Applause**" is a 2013 song performed by American singer Lady Gaga. It was released for her album _Artpop_. It was released on August 12, 2013, a week ahead of its original release date, because it was leaked.

## Background

"Applause" is an electropop and Eurodance song. It is about being famous and applauded by fans.

## Commercial and chart performance

"Applause" reached the top five in the United States, Canada, and the UK, while reaching the top ten in several other countries.  It was certified triple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on May 29, 2015, for sales and streams equal to three million copies across the United States.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Applause
- **artist**: Lady Gaga
- **album**: Artpop
- **written**: 2011–2012
- **recorded**: 2012–April 2013
- **length**: 3:32
- **chronology**: Lady Gaga singles
- **prev title**: Marry the Night
- **prev year**: 2011
- **next title**: Do What U Want
- **next year**: 2013
SMT

**SMT** may refer to:

- Smt., abbreviation for seamount
- Simultaneous multithreading
- Surface-mount technology
- San Miguel de Tucumán, city in Tucumán province, Argentina
Varistor

A **varistor**, VDR, _(voltage dependent resistor)_ is a type of resistor. It controls the current depending on the voltage.

In these devices resistance drops sharply at a certain threshold voltage. Once the voltage across the device reaches the threshold, there is a breakdown of the electrical structure in the vicinity of the grain boundaries, which results in its electrical resistance dropping from several megohms down to a few hundred ohms.  The major advantage of these is that they can dissipate a lot of energy, and they self reset–after the voltage across the device drops below the threshold, its resistance returns to being high.

This makes them ideal for surge-protection applications.  As there is control over the threshold voltage and energy tolerance, they find use in all sorts of applications.  The best demonstration of their ability can be found in electrical substations, where they are employed to protect the infrastructure from lightning strikes.  They have rapid response, are low maintenance, and do not appreciably degrade from use, making them virtually ideal devices for this application.

They can be used to protect electronics from voltages that could damage components.
Wheathampstead

**Wheathampstead** is a village and civil parish north of St Albans. It is part of the City and District of St Albans, in Hertfordshire. Its parliamentary constituency is Hitchin and Harpenden. The village is on the River Lea (or Lee), a tributary of the Thames.

The population of Wheathampstead at the time of the 2001 census was 6,058.

## History

Settlements in this area were made about 50 BC by Belgic invaders. They moved up the rivers Thames and Lea from what is now Belgium. Evidence for them was found in Devil's Dyke, at the eastern side of Wheathampstead.

The Devil's Dyke earthworks are remains of an ancient settlement of the Catuvellauni. It is thought to have been the tribe's original capital. The capital was moved to Verlamion, later the Roman Verulamium. This became the modern St Albans.

The Devil's Dyke is reputedly where Julius Caesar defeated Cassivellaunus in 54 BC, although this claim is disputed. The Dyke may have been part of the same defensive rampart as nearby Beech Bottom Dyke. If correct, this would make the area one of the largest and most important British Iron Age settlements.

Later, the village is recorded in the Domesday Book under name _Watamestede_. It appears that a church existed at Wheathampstead before the Norman Conquest, as Wheathampstead was given by Edward the Confessor to Westminster Abbey. The original structure was demolished in the reign of Henry III, and the oldest part of the present church dates to about 1280. The main doorways to the church (in the chancel section) and the windows are Early English pointed arches.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Wheathampstead
- **static image**: Wheathampstead Town Centre.jpg
- **static image caption**: Wheathampstead village centre
- **area total sq mi**: 10.03
- **population**: 6410
- **population ref**: (2011)
- **civil parish**: Wheathampstead
- **shire district**: St Albans
- **shire county**: Hertfordshire
- **country**: England
- **post town**: St Albans
- **postcode district**: AL4 8
- **postcode area**: AL
- **dial code**: 01582
- **website**: [http://wheathampstead-pc.gov.uk Wheathampstead Parish Council]
Dieter Borst

**Dieter Borst** (born 12 May 1950) is a German painter and sculptor of 20th century art.

## Career

Borst was born on 12 May 1950 in Schramberg, Germany. As a painter, he specialized in informal painting. The basic element in his paintings is the line, which is carried through colored segments.

In 1969 he studied at the American School of Art in Munich. In 1972 he took a half year study trip to West Africa.
In 1973 he started painting. In 1997 he moved to Gran Canaria. In 2007 his atelier burned in an island fire on Gran Canaria. Hundreds of paintings of all phases of his working life were destroyed.

## Exhibits

Borst's works were exhibited in New York, Fort Lauderdale / Miami, Cologne and Gran Canaria.

## Literature

- Author: Diana Neubauer: _Dieter Borst – Art Informel 2013_, Verlag: Bod,

## Museum / Gallery

- Broadway Gallery, New York
- Gallery Colonial House Inn, New York
- The Grand, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
- Galerie Tempestas, Cologne
- Galeria de Arte, Spain/Gc

## References

- New York Arts Magazine, _Dieter Borst_
- Lexikonia – Enzyklopädie, _Dieter Borst_
- Artfairsinternational NY USA, _Dieter Borst_
- Broadway Gallery, NY USA, _Dieter Borst_
- German National Library, _Dieter Borst_

## Other websites

- Dieter Borst, homepage
- Dieter Borst, You Tube

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Dieter Borst
- **image**: Dieter Borst.jpg
- **image size**: 240px
- **birth place**: Schramberg, Germany
- **nationality**: Germany, German
Tupou VI

**Tupou VI** (Tongan: **ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho**; born 12 July 1959) is the king of Tonga. He was chosen as the inheritor of the throne by his elder brother, Tupou V, in 2006. After Tupou V died in 2012, he inherited the throne and was given the name "Tupou VI".

## References

|-

|-

|-

|-

## Infobox (officeholder/office)

- **color**: #e4dcf6
- **termstart**: 3 January 2000
- **termend**: 11 February 2006
- **monarch**: Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV
- **predecessor**: Baron Vaea
- **successor**: Feleti Sevele


## Infobox (person)

- **embed**: yes
- **alma mater**: University of East Anglia
University of New South Wales
Bond University
- **signature**: His Majesty King Tupou VI (signature).svg


## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Tupou VI
- **image**: Tupou VI 2025.jpg
- **caption**: Tupou VI in 2025
- **succession**: List of monarchs of Tonga, King of Tonga
- **reign**: 18 March 2012 – _present_
- **coronation**: 4 July 2015
- **predecessor**: George Tupou V
- **suc-type**: Heir apparent
- **successor**: Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala
- **succession1**: 13th Prime Minister of Tonga
- **issue**: Princess Lātūfuipeka Tukuʻaho
Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala, Crown Prince Tupoutoʻa ʻUlukalala
Prince Ata
- **full name**: ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho
- **house**: House of Tupou, Tupou dynasty
- **father**: Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV
- **mother**: Halaevalu Mataʻaho ʻAhomeʻe
- **birth place**: Nukuʻalofa, Kingdom of Tonga (1900–1970), Kingdom of Tonga
- **religion**: Free Wesleyan Church
Stuttgarter Zeitung

The ***Stuttgarter Zeitung*** is a German-language daily newspaper (except Sundays). It is edited in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It sells about 200,000 copies daily.
Radioactive waste

**Radioactive waste** is a term used for certain substances that are radioactive and that are no longer useful. Most radioactive waste is a by-product of operating nuclear power plants. Certain treatments in hospitals use radioactive substances. Scientists doing certain kinds of research use radioactive substances. Nuclear weapons also produce radioactive waste.  Low-level radioactive wastes are radioactive gases, solids, or liquids that give off small amounts of ionizing radiation. High-level radioactive wastes give off large amounts of ionizing radiation.

Radioactive waste is dangerous to the environment, and there are many regulations about transporting it, handling it, and processing it in such a way that the dangers are reduced. They can contaminate water and affect the living organisms. Storage of radioactive waste must be guaranteed for thousands of years, until it decays sufficiently to be safe to the environment and its inhabitants. Radioactive waste can be stored by deep geological burial or by dry cask storage. Dry Cask Storage is large cylinders of concrete and steel that are used to hold 10 or more metric tons of high-level radioactive waste. The U.S. currently has no long-term radioactive waste storage site. In 1987 Yucca Mountain, Nevada was a candidate for radioactive waste storage, but was shut down.
KV42

**KV42** is a tomb in Egypt's Valley of the Kings.

The tomb was constructed for Hatshepsut-Meryetre, the wife of Thutmose III. She was not buried in the tomb. It was reused by Sennefer, a mayor of Thebes.
Emblem3

**Emblem 3** is a band from Huntington Beach, California. Current members include Wesley and Keaton Stromberg, who are brothers, and Drew Chadwick, Wesley's best friend. Their debut album is titled _Nothing to Lose_, with tracks including "Chloe", and "Sunset Boulevard". They competed on The X Factor, finishing in fourth place.

### Albums

- Nothing to Lose (2013)

### EP:s

- Songs from the Couch, Vol. 1 (2014)
- Forever Together (2014)
- Waking Up (2016)
- Pyro (2019)

### Singles

- "Chloe (You’re the One I Want)" (2013)
- "now" (2016)
- "Homerun" (2017)
- "New Day" (2017)
- "Too Pretty (For Your Own Good)" (2017)
- "Cobain" (2019)
Shiprock

**Shiprock** is the remains of an extinct volcano in the U.S. state of New Mexico.

Shiprock is composed of fractured volcanic breccia and black dikes of igneous rock. It is the erosional remnant of the throat of a volcano. The exposed rock was probably formed 2,500–3000 feet (750–1,000 meters) below the Earth's surface, but exposed after millions of years of erosion.

Radiometric dating of the rock shows that the volcanic rocks solidified about 27 million years ago. Shiprock is in the northeastern part of the Navajo Volcanic Field. El Capitan in Monument Valley is another prominent volcanic neck in this field.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Shiprock
- **photo**: Shiprock.snodgrass3.jpg
- **photo caption**: Shiprock
- **elevation ft**: 7177
- **prominence ft**: 1583
- **type**: Breccia#Volcanic, Volcanic breccia and Lamprophyre, minette
- **age**: 27 million years
- **first ascent**: 1939 by David R. Brower, David Brower, Raffi Bedayn, Bestor Robinson and John Dyer