juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Cider House Rules (movie)

***The Cider House Rules*** is a 1999 American drama movie. It is set in Maine and was produced by Richard N. Gladstein, Bob Weinstein and Harvey Weinstein and was directed by Lasse Hallström. _The Cider House Rules_ was released on December 17, 1999 in North America. The movie is based on the novel of the same name written by John Irving. The movie received positive reviews with a 72% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 75 out of 100 from Metacritic. The movie won _Best Adapted Screenplay_ and Michael Caine won _Best Actor in a Supporting Role_ at the 72nd Academy Awards.

## Cast

- Tobey Maguire as Homer Wells
- Michael Caine as Dr. Wilbur Larch
- Charlize Theron as Candy Kendall
- Paul Rudd as Lt. Wally Worthington
- Delroy Lindo as Arthur Rose
- Erykah Badu as Rose Rose
- Heavy D as Peaches
- Kieran Culkin as Buster
- Jane Alexander as Nurse Edna
- Kathy Baker as Nurse Angela
- Kate Nelligan as Olive Worthington
- Paz de la Huerta as Mary Agnes
- J.K. Simmons as Ray Kendall
- Evan Parke as Jack
- Jimmy Flynn as Vernon
- Erik Per Sullivan as Fuzzy S.
- Skye McCole Bartusiak as Hazel
- Jessica Leigh Stern as the orphan girl on staircase in opening scene

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Cider House Rules
- **director**: Lasse Hallström
- **producer**: Richard N. Gladstein
Bob Weinstein
Harvey Weinstein
- **writer**: John Irving
- **starring**: Tobey Maguire
Michael Caine
Charlize Theron
Paul Rudd
Delroy Lindo
Erykah Badu
- **music**: Rachel Portman
- **cinematography**: Oliver Stapleton
- **editing**: Lisa Zeno Churgin
- **distributor**: Miramax Films
- **released**: December 17, 1999
- **runtime**: 126 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $24 million
- **gross**: $88,545,092
The Bad Girls Club (season 6)

**The Bad Girls Club (season 6)** is the sixth season of _The Bad Girls Club_. It aired on Oxygen on January 10, 2011 based on P J Soles from Crystal Lake

## About this season

The season had beat ratings from the previous season. Season six also had a lot of conflicts. Some people in the area, complained to local police that the girls were screaming all night club. They also stated that their children heard curse words coming from them. Season 6 was filmed in Hollywood, California. Perez Hilton hosted the reunion specials. Guinness Book of World Records named their creed as "the tallest creed in history". In this season, there were a high number of "replacements". The season was nominated for "Favorite Reality-Show Guilty Pleasure" at the iVillage Entertainment Awards.

## Cast members

|Name|Location|"Bad Girl" nickname|Age|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="8"||||
|Charmaine "Char" Warren|Chicago, Illinois|"C.E.B." aka "The Chief Executive Bitch"|27|
|Jade Bennett|Milwaukee, Wisconsin|"The Party Diva"|21|
|Jessica Rodriguez|Chicago, Illinois|"The Mouth"|22|
|Kori Koether|Phoenix, Arizona|"Botox Barbie"|21|
|Lauren Spears|Lexington, Kentucky|"The Southern Spitfire"|21|
|Nicole "Nikki" Galladay|Annandale, New Jersey|"The Prankster"|22|
|Sydney Steinfeldt|Dallas, Texas|"The Sexy Siren"|21|

### Replacements

|Name|Location|"Bad Girl" nickname|Replaced|Age||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="14"||||||
|Ashley King|Norfolk, Virginia||"The Bombshell"|_Jade_|21|
|Jennifer Buonagurio|Bergen County, New Jersey||"The Jersey Princess"|_Sydney_|21|
|Wilmarie "Wilma" Sena|Passaic, New Jersey|"Rough Rider"|_Ashley_|27||

## Infobox (television season)

- **season number**: 6
- **bgcolour**: #FF8C00
- **country**: United States
- **num episodes**: 15
- **network**: Oxygen (TV channel), Oxygen
- **episode list**: List of Bad Girls Club episodes
United Nations Convention Against Torture

**Convention against Torture** is a treaty of international human rights law created by United Nations on December 10 1984 that prohibits all kind of torture, any cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment or treatment harming the person's dignity. The Convention came into force on 26 June 1987. As of April 2022, 173 countries has ratified the Convention.

The Convention is supervised by the Committee Against Torture.

The Convention also has the optional protocol that enables national or international organization for human rights investigators to research the prisons in a country that ratifies the protocol for knowing if any torture or inhuman treatments or punishments prohibited by the Convention are done. As of April 2022, 91 countries has ratified the protocol.

## Related pages

- Torture
- International human rights law
The Bad Girls Club (season 5)

**The Bad Girls Club (season 5)** (titled _Bad Girls Club: Miami_) was the fifth season of _The Bad Girls Club_. It aired on Oxygen on August 3, 2010.

## About this season

Season five's debut episode had beat the previous season. It was watched by 1.34 million people. It became the #1 program for women 18-34. The season also outperformed CBS and ABC. It was declared as the "most watched" in Oxygen history. Filming was done in Maimi, Florida and South Beach, Florida. Season five also had a high number of replacement "bad girls". After the show, Lea starred in Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too (season 2).

## Cast members

|Name|Location|"Bad Girl" nickname|Age|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="8"||||
|**Brandi Arceneaux**|Inglewood, California|_Sneaky Stripper_|26|
|**Catya Cat**|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|_Elite Player_|24|
|**Danielle Rosario**|Massapequa, New York|_Scrapper_|21|
|**Erica Lynne Langston Eggum **|Anaheim, California|_Tra Talking Cheerleader_|25|
|**Kirsten Kelly Guinane**|Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts|_Pageant Princess_|23|
|**Lea Lorraine**|South Beach, Florida|_Rebel_|22|
|**Morgan Britt Osman**|Miami, Florida|_Uber Bitch_|21|

### Replacements

|Name|Location|"Bad Girl" nickname|Replaced|Age|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="14"|||||
|Kayleigh Severn|San Diego, California|" Kung Fu Diva"|_Morgan_|22|
|Ashley Cheatham|Houston, Texas|"The Southern Belle"|_Catya_|21|
|Christina Hopkins|Staten Island, New York|"Agent Orange"|_Kayleigh_|22|

## Infobox (television season)

- **season number**: 5
- **bgcolour**: #add8e6
- **caption**: **Top**: Erica, Danielle, Catya, Morgan, Brandi, Lea
**Bottom**: Kristen
- **country**: United States
- **num episodes**: 16
- **network**: Oxygen (TV channel), Oxygen
- **episode list**: List of Bad Girls Club episodes
The Bad Girls Club (season 4)

**The Bad Girls Club 4** was the fourth season of _The Bad Girls Club_. It aired on Oxygen on December 1, 2009.

## About this season

Season 4 became the "breakthrough season" for _The Bad Girls Club_. The episode "Go With The Flo" had 2.27 million views.  Season 4 had the highest ratings in the history of the show. After the show, Natalie Nunn had a conflict with Chris Brown and Rihanna. Nunn stated some comments that angered fans of the show. At the reunion show, she said that she does not believe in domestic violence. She made her apologies. After the reunion, Nunn and Kendra have starred in Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too. This season also had the highest number of celebrity appearances.

## Cast members

|Name|Location|"Bad Girl" nickname|Age|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="14"||||
|Amber McWha|Morgantown, West Virginia|"The Trash Talker"|23|
|Annie Andersen|Los Angeles, California|"The Control Freak"|25|
|Florina "Flo" Kaja|Staten Island, New York|"The Enforcer"|26|
|Katherine "Kate" Squillace|Boston, Massachusetts|"The Prima Donna"|23|
|Kendra James|Charlotte, North Carolina|"The Double Standard"|22|
|Natalie Nunn|Oakland, California|"The Socialite"|24|
|Portia Beaman|Kansas City, Missouri|"The Pistol"|24|

### Replacements

|Name|Location|"Bad Girl" nickname|Replaced|Age|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="16"|||||
|Lexie Woltz|Belleville, Illinois|"The Wild Child"|_Portia_|21|

## Infobox (television season)

- **season number**: 4
- **bgcolour**: #FF4EBD
- **image size**: 285px
- **country**: United States
- **num episodes**: 16
- **network**: Oxygen (TV channel), Oxygen
- **episode list**: List of Bad Girls Club episodes
The Bad Girls Club (season 3)

**The Bad Girls Club (season 3)** is the third season of _The Bad Girls Club_. It aired on Oxygen on December 2, 2008.

## About this season

Season 3 was the first season to have one million views. It had beat the records from the second season and first season. Perez Hilton hosted the reunion special. After the show, the Ambers and Sarah competed on Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too. They had done a pilot for their show called "The Amber Show". Oxygen did not pick it up. This was the first season to have the girls on vacation. This was also the first season to have 60 minute episodes.

## Cast members

|Name|Location|Nickname|Age|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Ailea|Buford, Georgia|"The Instigator"|21|
|Amber B|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|"The Narcissist"|23|
|Amber M|Montevideo, Minnesota|"The Firecracker"|25|
|Kayla|Compton, California|"The Loose Cannon"|23|
|Sarah|Milwaukee, Wisconsin|"The Party Girl"|23|
|Tiffany|Chicago, Illinois|"The Warden"|24|
|Whitney|Boston, Massachusetts|"The Straight Shooter"|21|

### Replacements

|Name|Location|Nickname|Replaced|Age|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Ashley|Seattle, Washington|"The Femme Fatale"|_Kayla_|21|

## Infobox (television season)

- **season number**: 3
- **bgcolour**: #000080
- **image size**: 285px
- **country**: United States
- **num episodes**: 15
- **network**: Oxygen (TV channel), Oxygen
- **episode list**: List of Bad Girls Club episodes
The Bad Girls Club (season 2)

**The Bad Girls Club season 2** is the second season of _The Bad Girls Club_. It aired on Oxygen on December 4, 2007.

## About this season

Season 2 had an average of 600,000 viewers per episode. The first season had 330,000 viewers per episode. The second season reunion was hosted by Star Jones. After the show, Tanisha Thomas became the host for Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too. She also had done a lot of talk shows. She is regarded as the "godmother of the Bad Girls". She also had done two talk shows for the Bad Girls Club. She later married in early 2011. Hanna started acting on broadway after the show. This was the last time 30 minute episodes would air.

## Cast members

|Name|Location|Age|
| --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="14"|||
|Cordelia Carlisle|Wallingford, CT|22|
|Darlen Escobar|Austin, TX|24|
|Hanna Thompson|Brooklyn, NY|22|
|Jennavecia Russo|Las Vegas, NV|26|
|Melissa "Lyric" Greene|Phoenix, AZ|22|
|Neveen Ismail|Portland, OR|24|
|Tanisha Thomas|Brooklyn, NY|21|

### Replacements

|Name|Location|Replaced|Age|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Andrea Sharples|Portland, OR|_Lyric_|22|

## Infobox (television season)

- **season number**: 2
- **bgcolour**: #7EB6FF
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: The original seven "bad girls" of season two:
Jennavecia, Darlen, Lyric, Cordelia, Neveen, Tanisha, and Hanna (from left to right)
- **country**: United States
- **num episodes**: 24
- **network**: Oxygen (TV channel), Oxygen
- **episode list**: List of Bad Girls Club episodes
The Bad Girls Club (season 1)

**The Bad Girls Club (season 1)** was the first season of _The Bad Girls Club_. It aired on Oxygen on December 5, 2006.

|Name|Location|Nickname|Age|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Dallas Summer|New York|"The Texan Persuasian"|20|
|Delgado|Miami||19|
|James Park|Chicago||21|
|Jamiiee Park|Chicago||21|
|Kevin Alexandria Del Marr "California Mountain Snake"|Tustin|"Fantasy Boy"|21|
|Leon||||
|Mallory "Lori" Carlisle|Las Vegas|||

## About this show

The first season had on average of 300,000 viewers per episode. This record was later beat in the second season. The show became the "most watched" show on Oxygen history until season two aired.  Kerry Harick became a successful country singer. Some of her songs appeared on _Billboard_. This is the first season to have a lot of replacements. The reunion show was taped inside the house.

## Cast members

|Name|Location|Age|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Aimee Landi|South Philly|24|
|Jodie Howell|Baltimore|29|
|Kerry Harvick|Nashville|31|
|Leslie Ramsue|Atlanta|24|
|Ripsi Terzian|Massachusetts|23|
|Ty Colliers|Atlanta|25|
|Zara Sprankle|Upstate, New York|22|

### Replacements

|Name|Location|Replaced|Age|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="14"||||
|DeAnn Witt|Dallas|_Ripsi_|24|
|Joanna Hernandez|Sacramento|_Ty_|23|
|Andrea Laing|High Point|_Leslie_|26|

## Infobox (television season)

- **season number**: 1
- **bgcolour**: #DEAA88
- **image upright**: 1.14
- **country**: United States
- **num episodes**: 22
- **network**: Oxygen (TV channel), Oxygen
- **episode list**: List of Bad Girls Club episodes
Halifax Mooseheads

The **Halifax Mooseheads** are a Canadian ice hockey team. They began playing in 1994. The team currently plays in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). They play their home games in Halifax, Nova Scotia at the Halifax Metro Centre.

## Other websites

- Official website
Johnathan Aitken

**Johnathan James Aitken** (born May 24, 1978) is a Canadian retired ice hockey defenceman. Aitken was drafted 8th overall in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft by the Boston Bruins and played three games for them. For the 2000–01 season joined HC Sparta Praha in the Czech Republic. He returned to North America after only a year, and made it back to the NHL during the 2003–04 season with the Chicago Blackhawks, playing 41 games.  Afterwards he headed to the Austrian Hockey League for Klagenfurt AC for the 2006–07 season before retiring from hockey.

## Career statistics

|colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Regular season|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Playoffs||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1993–94|Sherwood Park Kings|Alberta Midget AAA|31|4|9|13|54|—|—|—|—|—|
|1994–95|Medicine Hat Tigers|WHL|53|0|5|5|71|5|0|0|0|0|
|1995–96|Medicine Hat Tigers|WHL|71|6|14|20|131|5|1|0|1|6|
|1996–97|Brandon Wheat Kings|WHL|65|4|18|22|211|6|0|0|0|4|
|1997–98|Brandon Wheat Kings|WHL|69|9|25|34|183|18|0|8|8|67|
|1998–99|Providence Bruins|AHL|65|2|9|11|92|13|0|0|0|17|
|1999–00|Boston Bruins|NHL|3|0|0|0|0|—|—|—|—|—|
|1999–00|Providence Bruins|AHL|70|2|12|14|121|11|1|0|1|26|
|2000–01|HC Sparta Praha|CEL|24|0|3|3|62|—|—|—|—|—|
|2001–02|Jackson Bandits|ECHL|43|1|9|10|141|—|—|—|—|—|
|2001–02|Norfolk Admirals|AHL|28|0|1|1|43|4|0|0|0|0|
|2002–03|Norfolk Admirals|AHL|80|1|7|8|207|9|2|1|3|18|
|2003–04|Chicago Blackhawks|NHL|41|0|1|1|70|—|—|—|—|—|
|2003–04|Norfolk Admirals|AHL|40|1|4|5|97|8|1|4|5|27|
|2004–05|Manitoba Moose|AHL|46|1|6|7|101|1|0|0|0|7|
|2005–06|Hamilton Bulldogs|AHL|47|1|2|3|81|—|—|—|—|—|
|2006–07|Klagenfurt AC|Aust|34|2|11|13|157|—|—|—|—|—|

## References

- 2005 NHL Official Guide & Record Book

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Defenceman (ice hockey), Defence
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lb**: 211
- **played for**: Boston Bruins
HC Sparta Praha
Chicago Blackhawks
EC KAC
- **birth place**: Edmonton, Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- **career start**: 1998
- **career end**: 2007
- **draft**: 8th overall
- **draft year**: 1996
- **draft team**: Boston Bruins
- **image size**: 230px
Ray Allison

**Raymond Peter Allison** (born March 4, 1959) is a  Canadian retired professional ice hockey forward who played 7 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Hartford Whalers and Philadelphia Flyers.

## Playing career

Following his junior career, Allison became the first draft pick in the history of the Hartford Whalers franchise. A year later, Allison was traded in a ten player trade to the Philadelphia Flyers. There he would develop into a scoring forward but suffered a broken ankle during the 1982–83 season. He never regained a regular spot on the Flyers roster, and played his last few seasons in the AHL and Swiss leagues.

## Career statistics

|colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="6"|Regular season|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Playoffs|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1974-75|Brandon Wheat Kings|WCHL|2|0|0|0|0||--|--|--|--|--|
|1974-75|Brandon Travellers|MJHL|30|10|9|19|49|||||||
|1975-76|Brandon Wheat Kings|WCHL|36|9|17|26|50||5|2|1|3|0|
|1975-76|Brandon Travellers|MJHL|31|22|21|43|158|||||||
|1976-77|Brandon Wheat Kings|WCHL|71|45|92|137|198||14|9|11|20|37|
|1977-78|Brandon Wheat Kings|WCHL|71|74|86|160|254||8|7|8|15|35|
|1978-79|Brandon Wheat Kings|WHL|62|60|93|153|191||22|18|19|37|28|
|1979-80|Springfield Indians|AHL|13|6|9|15|18||--|--|--|--|--|
|1979-80|Hartford Whalers|NHL|64|16|12|28|13|-3|2|0|1|1|0|
|1980-81|Binghamton Whalers|AHL|74|31|39|70|81||2|0|1|1|0|
|1980-81|Hartford Whalers|NHL|6|1|0|1|0|-1|--|--|--|--|--|
|1981-82|Maine Mariners|AHL|26|15|13|28|75||--|--|--|--|--|
|1981-82|Philadelphia Flyers|NHL|51|17|37|54|104|13|3|2|0|2|2|
|1982-83|Philadelphia Flyers|NHL|67|21|30|51|57|30|3|0|1|1|12|
|1983-84|Philadelphia Flyers|NHL|37|8|13|21|47|11|3|0|1|1|4|
|1984-85|Hershey Bears|AHL|49|17|22|39|61||--|--|--|--|--|
|1984-85|Philadelphia Flyers|NHL|11|1|1|2|2|3|1|0|0|0|2|
|1985-86|Hershey Bears|AHL|77|32|46|78|131||18|4|6|10|28|
|1986-87|Hershey Bears|AHL|78|29|55|84|57||5|3|1|4|12|
|1986-87|Philadelphia Flyers|NHL|2|0|0|0|0|-2|--|--|--|--|--|
|1987-88|Hershey Bears|AHL|--|--|--|--|--|--|9|2|9|11|17|
|1988-89|Hershey Bears|AHL|15|6|11|17|18||12|4|7|11|6|
|1989-90|Hershey Bears|AHL|70|25|30|55|66||--|--|--|--|--|

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right wing
- **played for**: Hartford Whalers
 Philadelphia Flyers
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 195
- **birth place**: Cranbrook, British Columbia, Cranbrook, British Columbia, BC, Canada, CAN
- **ntl team**: Canada
- **career start**: 1979
- **career end**: 1990
- **draft**: 18th overall
- **draft year**: 1979
- **draft team**: Hartford Whalers
Edifício Copan

**Edifício Copan**  is a skyscraper in São Paulo, Brazil. It is 140 meters (460 feet) tall and has 38 floors. It was built in 1966. The building was designed by Oscar Niemeyer.

## Related pages

- Downtown São Paulo
- Mirante do Vale
- Edifício Itália
- Edifício Altino Arantes

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Edifício Copan
- **image**: Copan ST.jpg
- **location**: São Paulo
Brazil
- **floor count**: 38
- **completion date**: 1966
- **antenna spire**: 460 m (460 ft)
UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying Group A

This page shows the results for **Group A** of the UEFA Euro 2012 qualification. Germany qualified, and the Turkey went to the playoffs, which in the end they did not qualify. Germany did not lose a single game, with a record of 10 wins. The top scorer of the group was Miroslav Klose (Germany) with 9 goals.

|width=175|Team|width=20 abbr="Played"|Pld|width=20 abbr="Won"|W|width=20 abbr="Drawn"|D|width=20 abbr="Lost"|L|width=20 abbr="Goals for"|GF|width=20 abbr="Goals against"|GA|width=20 abbr="Goal difference"|GD|width=20 abbr="Points"|Pts|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left||10|10|0|0|34|7|+27|**30**|||||||||
|align=left||10|5|2|3|13|11|+2|**17**|||||||||
|align=left||10|4|3|3|21|15|+6|**15**|||||||||
|align=left||10|3|3|4|16|17|–1|**12**|||||||||
|align=left||10|2|1|7|10|26|–16|**7**|||||||||
|align=left||10|1|1|8|6|24|–18|**4**|||||||||

- Green means that the team automatically qualifies.
- Blue means the team is going to the playoffs.
Private property

**Private property** is a concept used in law, which is defined as a certain type of thing which is owned and controlled by an individual or a group separate from the state. Private property differs from public property, where such property belongs to all. That way, a person may own a car, but the park in the city is only administered by the city, and belongs to all people (or to no one at all).

Different schools of thought have different ideas of how private property should be handled.

For instance, according to capitalism, private property is needed so that a society can work as it should. That way, trade can only be done using private property. As a secondary example, private property in Marxist theory refers to the means of production, such as mines, factories, burger joints, and so on. These are things communists want to be democratically owned by workers. This is different from personal property, such as a toothbrush.
Radiata

The **Radiata** is a superphylum which includes both the echinoderms and the ctenophores. It is not part of the usual classification system, and is not used by all biologists.

The group includes the radially symmetric animals of the Eumetazoa. The echinoderms, however, are members of the Bilateria, because they exhibit bilateral symmetry in their developing stages. Their radial symmetry is secondary.

Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 1983 defined a subkingdom called Radiata consisting of the phyla Porifera, Myxozoa, Placozoa, Cnidaria and Ctenophora in Radiata, that is, all the animals that are not in Bilateria.

The _Five Kingdom_ classification of Lynn Margulis and K.V. Schwartz keeps only Cnidaria and Ctenophora in Radiata.

Cladistic classifications do not recognize Radiata as a clade. The radiata, in this sense, are diploblastic, meaning they have two primary germ layers: endoderm and ectoderm. Cavalier-Smith's use of the term Radiata includes animals with a single germ layer such as sponges.

Although radial symmetry is usually given as a defining characteristic of radiates, a few members of the class Anthozoa, which are now considered as the most basal and oldest group of cnidarians, are actually bilaterally symmetric.

Newer research strongly indicates that bilateral symmetry evolved before the split between Cnidaria and Bilateria: the radially symmetrical cnidarians have evolved radial symmetry secondarily. This means the bilaterism in species like _N. vectensis_ has a primary origin. Also the free-swimming planula larvae of cnidarians exhibit bilateral symmetry. Ctenophores show biradial symmetry.

## Other websites

- Taxon: Subkingdom Radiata
- Origins of Bilateral Symmetry: Hox and Dpp Expression in a Sea Anemone - retrieved February 2, 2006
Wangari Maathai

**Wangari Muta Mary Jo Maathai** (1 April 1940 – 25 September 2011) was a Kenyan environmentalist, political activist and the first African woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004.

## Honors

- Order of the Rising Sun 1st Class, Grand Cordon, 2009

## Related pages

- List of Kenyan scientists

## Other websites

- Maathai Nobel Prize lecture
- Audio: Wangari Maathai in conversation on the BBC World Service discussion programme _The Forum_
- Nobel Women's Initiative

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Wangari Muta Maathai
- **image**: Wangari Maathai.jpg
- **caption**: Wangari Maathai holding a trophy awarded to her by the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights
- **birth name**: Wangari Muta
- **birth place**: Ihithe village, Tetu, Kenya, Tetu division, Nyeri District, Nyeri District, Kenya (then known as Kenya Colony, Nyeri, Kenya Colony)
- **death place**: Nairobi, Kenya
- **citizenship**: Kenyan
- **known for**: Green Belt Movement
- **education**: B.Sc: biologyM.Sc: biological sciencesPh.D: veterinary anatomy
- **alma mater**: Benedictine CollegeUniversity of PittsburghUniversity of Nairobi, University College of Nairobi
- **occupation**: Environmentalist, political activist, writer
- **awards**: Nobel Peace Prize
Trochophore

A **trochophore** is a type of larva found in marine plankton. It belongs to several related animal phyla within the superphylum Lophotrochozoa.

Trochophores have two or more bands of cilia, which they move rapidly to create water eddies. This allows them to control their movement and direct their food closer to capture it more easily.
Orthonectida

**Orthonectida** is a small phylum of poorly-known parasites of marine invertebrates. They are among the simplest of multi-cellular organisms.

## Biology

The adults are microscopic wormlike animals. They have a single layer of outer cells surrounding a mass of sex cells. They swim freely within the bodies of their hosts, which include flatworms, polychaete worms, bivalve molluscs, and echinoderms. They have separate male and female individuals.

### Reproduction

When they are ready to reproduce, the adults are released from the host, and sperm from the males penetrates the bodies of the females to achieve fertilisation. The resulting zygote develops into a ciliated larva that escapes from the mother to seek out new hosts. Once it finds a host, the larva loses its cilia and develops into a syncytial plasmodium larva. This, in turn, breaks up into numerous individual cells that become the next generation of adults.

## Taxonomy

The orthonectids were originally described in 1877 as a class, and placed as an order of the phylum Mesozoa. Recent study shows that orthonectids are quite different from the rhombozoans, the other group in Mesozoa.
Lophophore

The **lophophore** is the characteristic feeding organ of four major groups of animals: the Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Entoprocta, and Phoronida. All lophophores are found in aquatic organisms.

## Characteristics

It can most easily be described as a ring of ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth. It is often horseshoe-shaped or coiled. Phoronids have their lophophores in plain view, but the valves of brachiopods must be opened wide to get a good view of their lophophore.

The lophophore surrounds the mouth and is an upstream collecting system for suspension feeding. The gut is U-shaped with the anterior mouth at the center of the lophophore. The anus, where present, is also anterior, and is above the mouth. In the Bryozoa it is outside the ring of the lophophore; in the Entoprocta the anus is within the ring of the lophophore. Some brachiopods do not have an anus.
Rhombozoa

The **Rhombozoa**, or **Dicyemida**, are a group of tiny parasites that live in the renal appendages of cephalopods.

Classification is controversial. They are probably a new phylum. Traditionally, dicyemids have been grouped with the Orthonectida in the Mesozoa. However, molecular phylogeny indicates that dicyemids may be more closely related to the roundworms.

## Anatomy

Adult dicyemids range in length from , and they can be seen through a light microscope. They have eutely: each adult individual of a given species has the same number of cells. Cell number is a useful identifying character.

The organism's structure is simple: a single axial cell is surrounded by a jacket of twenty to thirty ciliated cells.

## Life cycle

Dicyemids exist in both asexual and sexual forms. The asexual forms are found in juvenile and immature hosts; and the sexual forms in mature hosts.

The asexual stage is termed a _nematogen_; it produces _vermiform_ (worm-like) larvae in the axial cell. These mature through direct development to form more nematogens. Nematogens proliferate in young cephalopods, filling the kidneys. Later, as the hosts mature, sexual forms called _rhombogens_ are formed. They are hermaphrodites, with gonads of both sexes. The rhombogens self-fertilise, and later release larvae.
Besitos

"**Besitos**" () is a song by American singer Selena. The song became the fourth and last single from _Selena_ (1989). The song peaked at number-twenty on the US Hot Latin Tracks.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Besitos
- **artist**: Selena
- **album**: Selena (album), Selena
- **released**: September 15, 1989
- **recorded**: 1988
- **genre**: Tejano music
- **length**: 2:59
- **label**: EMI Latin
- **writer**: A.B. Quintanilla III
- **prev title**: Sukiyaki (song), Sukiyaki
- **prev year**: 1989
- **next title**: Baila Esta Cumbia
- **next year**: 1990
Baila Esta Cumbia

"**Baila Esta Cumbia**" () is a song by American singer Selena. The song was the lead single from _Ven Conmigo_ (1990). It peaked at number-one on the Mexican Singles Chart (1994), Italy Singles Chart (1996), Argentinian Singles Chart (1994) and France Singles Chart (1995). It peaked in the top 20 on the US Hot Latin Tracks (1990), Latin Regional Mexican Airplay (1991) chart and the Spanish Singles Chart (1996). It then became one of Selena's signature songs. Her brother, A.B. Quintanilla III remixed the song as "Baila Esta Kumbia". It peaked at number 44 on the US Hot Latin Tracks and number 16 on the Latin Regional Mexican Airplay chart. A.B. performed the song during the Selena ¡VIVE! tribute concert with his band.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Baila Esta
- **artist**: Selena
- **album**: Ven Conmigo
- **recorded**: 1989
- **genre**: Cumbia music, Cumbia, Tejano music
- **length**: 2:57
- **label**: EMI Latin
- **writer**: A.B. Quintanilla III and Pete Astudillo
- **prev title**: Besitos
- **prev year**: 1990
- **next title**: Ya Ves
- **next year**: 1990
No Quiero Saber

"**No Quiero Saber**" () is a song by American singer Selena. The song was featured at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia as a remix version.

## Charts

|Chart (1996)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|U.S. _Billboard_ Hot Latin Tracks|align="center"|6|
|U.S. _Billboard_ Latin Regional Mexican Airplay|align="center"|15|

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: No Quiero Saber
- **artist**: Selena
- **album**: Siempre Selena and Ven Conmigo
- **released**: February 20, 1996
- **recorded**: 1990
- **genre**: Dance-pop
- **length**: 2:54
- **label**: EMI Latin
- **writer**: A.B. Quintanilla III and Pete Astudillo
- **producer**: A.B. Quintanilla III
- **prev title**: Siempre Hace Frio"
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: Costumbres
- **next year**: 1997
Ya Ves

"**Ya Ves**" () is a song by American singer Selena. It was the second single released from _Ven Conmigo_ (1990). The song was covered at the Selena ¡VIVE! tribute concert. "Ya Ves" was selected as "AMG pick tracks".

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Ya Ves
- **artist**: Selena
- **album**: Ven Conmigo
- **b-side**: La Tracalera
- **recorded**: 1989-1990
EMI
<small>(Los Angeles, California)</small>
- **genre**: Tejano music, Tejano pop, Latin pop
- **label**: EMI Latin
- **writer**: Pete Astudillo, A.B. Quintanilla III
- **producer**: Quintanilla III, Brian "Red" Moore, Abraham  Quintanilla Jr
- **prev title**: Baila Esta Cumbia
- **prev year**: 1990
- **next title**: La Tracalera
- **next year**: 1990
La Tracalera

"**La Tracalera**" () is a song by American singer Selena. The song was first recorded in 1985 for _The New Girl in Town_. It was re-recorded in 1990 for _Ven Conmigo_. The original version of the song called "El Tracalero" () was recorded by Selena's father Abraham Quintanilla Jr. Abraham had his own band called "Los Dinos" from the 1960s-1970s. Anselmo Sanchez Chavez covered the song in 1996.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: La Tracalera
- **artist**: Selena
- **album**: Ven Conmigo
- **released**: January 18, 1991
- **recorded**: 1990
- **genre**: Tejano music
- **label**: EMI Latin
- **writer**: Johnny Herrera
- **producer**: Abraham Quintanilla Jr
- **prev title**: Ya Ves
- **prev year**: 1990
- **next title**: Buenos Amigos
- **next year**: 1991
El Chico Del Apartamento 512

"**El Chico Del Apartamento 512**" () is the sixth and final single released from Selena's grammy nominated album _Amor Prohibido_ (1994). The song never had a music video because it was released one day before Selena was killed. The song had positive feedback from music critics. The song was performed on C minor with 102 beats per minute. The song was covered by many Latin American artists.

## Covers

|style="background:darkGrey; width:200px"|Artist|style="background:darkGrey; width:250px"|Album|style="background:darkGrey; width:50px"|Year|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Rossi & La Orquesta Gran Caribe|Sueños Compartidos|1998||||
|Grupo Tijuana|Canta Como: Selena|2002||||
|Banda El Grullo|Lo Mejor De Selena Con Banda|2005||||
|Graciela Beltrán|Selena ¡VIVE!|2005||||
|Antony Santos|Ay! Ven|2006||||
|Nuevas Voces|Latinas Exitos|2008||||
|The Latin Salsa Boys|Latinos Con Sabor Vol.1|2011||||
|Reyes De Cancion|Remembering Selena: Un Homenaje|2011||||

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: El Chico Del Apartamento 512
- **artist**: Selena
- **album**: Amor Prohibido
- **recorded**: 1994
- **genre**: Cumbia music
- **label**: EMI Latin
- **writer**: Ricky Vela and A.B. Quintanilla III
- **producer**: A.B. Quintanilla III and Bebu Silvetti
- **prev title**: Si Una Vez
- **prev year**: 1995
- **next title**: I Could Fall in Love
- **next year**: 1995
Greatest Hits (Selena album)

***Greatest Hits*** is a compilation album by American singer Selena. The songs used in the album were all in English. The only two other English songs Selena recorded that did not made it on the album were "Give Me One More Chance" and "Call Me". Both of those songs were on _Selena y Los Dinos_ (1984). The album peaked at number 108 on the Billboard 200 chart in 2003. A special edition of the album was released. It had a DVD of all of Selena's music videos.

## Track listing

1. "My Love" (A.B. Quintanilla III) - 2:49
1. "I Could Fall in Love" (Keith Thomas) - 4:42
1. "Captive Heart" (Mark Goldenberg/Kit Hain) - 4:24
1. "I'm Getting Used to You" (Diane Warren) - 4:03
1. "God's Child (Baila Conmigo)" (Duet with David Byrne) - 4:16
1. "Dreaming of You" (Franne Golde/Tom Snow) - 5:15
1. "Missing My Baby" (A.B. Quintanilla II) - 4:13
1. "Wherever You Are" (_Donde Quiera Que Estés_) (Duet with the Barrio Boyzz) (K. C. Porter/Miguel Flores/Desmond Child) - 4:30
1. "Only Love" (M. Spiro/Robbie Buchanan) - 4:13
1. "A Million to One" (Phil Medley) - 3:22
1. "Where Did the Feeling Go?" (Norman Sallitt) - 3:44
1. "Is It the Beat?" (A.B. Quintanilla III/Pamela Phillips Oland) - 4:09
1. "A Boy Like That" (Leonard Bernstein/Stephen Sondheim)- 5:53
1. "Always Mine" (A.B. Quintanilla III) - 3:37
1. "Don't Throw Away My Love" (A.B. Quintanilla III) - 3:40
1. "Disco Medley - 7:36

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Greatest Hits
- **type**: greatest
- **artist**: Selena
- **released**: June 24, 2003 <small>(United States, US)</small>
- **recorded**: 1985–1995
- **genre**: Tejano music, Tejano/Latin pop
- **length**: 70:26
- **label**: EMI Latin, EMI
- **producer**: A.B. Quintanilla, Abraham Quintanilla III
- **prev title**: Ones (Selena album), Ones
- **prev year**: 2002
- **next title**: Momentos Intimos
- **next year**: 2004
Momentos Intimos

***Momentos Intimos*** () is a compilation album by American singer Selena. It was released on March 23, 2004.

## About this album

An unreleased duet called "Puede Ser" () was included in the album. It was a duet with Nando "Guero" Dominguez. It was recorded two weeks before Selena was murdered. It then became the very last song to be recorded by her. "No Llores Mas Corazon" () and "Como Te Quiero Yo A Ti" () were digitally remastered. Both of those songs were turned into ballad songs. The album had bonus tracks that her family tells fans how it was like when Selena recorded those songs. The album peaked at number seven on the US Regional Mexican Albums Charts. The album also peaked at number eleven on the Top Latin Albums chart on _Billboard_ in 2004.

## Track listings

1. Amor Prohibido
1. Missing My Baby
1. Fotos y Recuerdos
1. Dreaming of You
1. Buenos Amigos
1. I'm Getting Used to You
1. Donde Quiera Que Estes
1. Only Love
1. Tú Sólo Tú
1. I Could Fall in Love
1. Si Una Vez
1. Where Did the Feeling Go?
1. No Me Queda Mas
1. Como Te Quiero Yo A Ti
1. No Llores Mas Corazon
1. Puede Ser
1. Spoken Liner Notes - (Bonus track)
1. Spoken Liner Notes By The Band and Family

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Momentos Intimos
- **type**: Greatest hits
- **artist**: Selena
- **released**: March 23, 2004 <small>(U.S.)</small>
- **recorded**: 1990s
- **genre**: Tejano music, Tejano/Latin pop
- **label**: EMI Latin, EMI
- **producer**: Abraham Quintanilla II
- **prev title**: Greatest Hits (Selena album), Greatest Hits
- **prev year**: 2003
- **next title**: Unforgettable (Selena album), Unforgettable
- **next year**: 2005
Dos Historias

***Dos Historias*** () is a compilation album by American singer Selena and Mexican singer Ana Barbara. The album peaked at number three on the US Latin Regional Mexican Albums chart. It also peaked at number 21 on the Top Latin Albums Chart on _Billboard_ in 2006.

## Track listings

1. "Como La Flor" - (Selena)
1. "La Trampa" - (Ana Bárbara)
1. "Amor Prohibido" - (Selena)
1. "Lo Busque" - (Ana Bárbara)
1. "Fotos y Recuerdos" - (Selena)
1. "Todo Lo Aprendi De Ti" - (Ana Bárbara)
1. "No Me Queda Mas" - (Selena)
1. "Bandido" - (Ana Bárbara)
1. "Tú Sólo Tú" - (Selena)
1. "Te Regalo La Lluvia" - (Ana Bárbara)
1. "Baila Esta Cumbia" - (Selena)
1. "Ya No Te Creo Nada" - (Ana Bárbara)
1. "Dreaming of You" - (Selena)
1. "Como Me Haces Falta" - (Ana Bárbara)

## DVD

A special edition was released as well. It included a DVD of four music videos, two each, from Selena and Ana.
1. No Me Queda Mas (Selena)
1. Ya No Te Cero Nada (Ana Bárbara)
1. Dreaming Of You (Selena)
1. Bandido (Ana Bárbara)

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Dos Historias!
- **type**: greatest
- **artist**: Selena and Ana Bárbara
- **released**: February 28, 2006 <small>(U.S.)</small>
- **recorded**: 1990–2006
- **genre**: Tejano music, Tejano, Latin pop, grupera
- **label**: EMI Latin, EMI/Fonovisa
- **producer**: A.B. Quintanilla/Ana Bárbara
- **prev title**: Selena ¡VIVE!#Album, Selena ¡VIVE!
- **prev year**: 2005
- **next title**: Through The Years/A Traves de los Años
- **next year**: 2007
Oxygen (TV channel)

**Oxygen** is a US TV channel, currently available in 65 million homes. It was launched in 2000 and carries programming aimed at women.

#### Live-action

- _The Bad Girls Club_
- _Tori & Dean: Inn Love_
- _Jersey Couture_
- _Dance Your Ass Off_
- _Snapped_
- _Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too_
- _Running Russell Simmons_
- _Hair Battle Spectacular_
- _Minute To Win It_
- _America's Got Talent_
- _All About Aubrey_
- _The World According to Paris_
- _sTORIbook Weddings_
- _The Glee Project_

#### Animated

- _Adventure Time_
- _Boj_
- _Camp Lakebottom_
- _The Fairly OddParents_
- _Littlest Pet Shop_
- _SpongeBob SquarePants_
- _Steven Universe_
- _Uncle Grandpa_
- _Wander Over Yonder_

#### Live-action

- _A Different World_
- _America's Next Top Model_
- **'Buffy the Vampire Slayer**'
- _Ellen_
- _Grace Under Fire_ (2001-2006)
- _Living Single_
- _Mad About You_
- _Roseanne_ (2005-present)
- _Xena: Warrior Princess_
- _The Tyra Banks Show_
- _Whitney_ (2011)

#### Animated

- _The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius_
- _Almost Naked Animals_
- _American Dragon: Jake Long_
- _Boyster_
- _Eliot Kid_
- _El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera_
- _Famous 5: On The Case_
- _Get Ace_
- _Grojband_
- _I.N.K. Invisible Network of Kids_
- _Jankenman_
- _Kim Possible_
- _My Life as a Teenage Robot_
- _Packages from Planet X_
- _Phineas and Ferb_
- _Regular Show_
- _Sally Bollywood: Super Detective_
- _The Day My Butt Went Psycho!_
- _Zombie Hotel_

#### Live-action

- _Who Wears it Best_
- _TBA Mischa Barton Reality Series_

#### Animated

- _Star vs. the Forces of Evil_
- _Penn Zero: Part Time Hero_
- _Get Blake!_
- _Zip Zip_

#### Live-action

- _Bad Girls Road Trip_
- _Bliss_
- _Campus Ladies_
- _Breaking Up with Shannen Doherty_
- _Fight Girls_
- _House of Glam_
- _Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency_
- _Mo'Nique's Fat Chance_
- _O2Be_
- _Oprah After the Show_
- _Suburban Shootout_
- _Tease_
- _Deion & Pilar: Prime Time Love_
- _Addicted to Beauty_
- _Naughty kitchen_
- _Captured_
- _Inhale Yoga with Steve Ross_

#### Animated

- _6teen_
- _Atomic Betty_
- _All Grown Up!_
- _Braceface_
- _The Buzz on Maggie_
- _Caillou_
- _Captain Flamingo_
- _ChalkZone_
- _Chaotic_
- _Code Lyoko_
- _Codename: Kids Next Door_
- _Dude, That's My Ghost!_
- _Edgar and Ellen_
- _Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends_
- _The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy_
- _Grossology_
- _Growing Up Creepie_
- _Happy Tree Friends_
- _Hey Arnold_
- _Iggy Arbuckle_
- _Invader Zim_
- _Jackie Chan Adventures_
- _Kappa Mikey_
- _Justice League Unlimited_
- _The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack_
- _Mucha Lucha!_
- _Napoleon Dynamite_
- _Ned's Newt_
- _One Piece_
- _Pepper Ann_
- _The Powerpuff Girls_
- _The Problem Solverz_
- _Rated A for Awesome_
- _The Replacements_
- _Rocket Power_
- _Sidekick_
- _Supernormal_
- _Time Squad_
- _Time Warp Trio_
- _Timothy Goes to School_
- _Tutenstein_
- _Ulysses 31_
- _Viewtiful Joe_
- _Wayside_
- _The X's_
- _Xiaolin Showdown_
- _Yin Yang Yo!_
- _Zevo-3_
Kerry Harvick

**Kerry Harvick** (born September 10, 1974; Comanche, Texas) is an American country music singer. She first appeared on Oxygen's first season of _The Bad Girls Club_.

## Discography

|rowspan="2"|Year|rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"|Single|colspan="1"|Peak positions|rowspan="2"|Album|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2004||||||||
|45|align="left" rowspan="2"|_Cowgirls_ <small>(unreleased)</small>||||||
|2005||||||||
|—||||||||
|2007||||||||
|—|align="left"|single only||||||
|colspan="4" style="font-size:8pt"|"—" denotes releases that did not chart|||||||
Ireland's Call

**Ireland's Call** is the anthem for the Ireland national rugby union team. The anthem replaced "Amhrán na bhFiann" because the players had came from both parts of the island of Ireland.

## Lyrics

In most games today, the first part has been sung, then the chorus two times.

**Part 1**

Come the day and come the hour

Come the power and the glory

We have come to answer our country's call

From the four proud provinces of Ireland

**Chorus**

Ireland, Ireland

Together standing tall

Shoulder to shoulder

We'll answer Ireland's call

**Part 2**

From the mighty glens of Antrim

From the rugged hills of Galway

From the walls of Limerick and Dublin Bay

From the four proud provinces of Ireland

**Part 3**

Hearts of steel and heads unbowing

Vowing never to be broken

We will fight until we can fight no more

For the four proud provinces of Ireland

**Part 4**

Erin's warriors, clad in emerald

Steadfast souls confront their challenge

'Neath the glass sky they assemble

For the four proud provinces of Ireland
Chinese musical system

The ancient **Chinese musical system** depends on very ancient mathematics used to determine sound frequencies. The easiest way to explain it is to work through a real example.

Suppose that somebody wanted to make a musical instrument that could play any song in the ancient Chinese system. Here are the instructions:

Make a wooden box 105 cm long and 60 cm wide. Put guides for the strings near each end of the box, and fix it so that these two guides are 99 cm apart.
Multiply 99 cm by 2/3, which is 66 cm. Place a fret all the way across the box on the 66 cm line.

Multiply 66 cm by 4/3, which is 88 cm. Place a fret along the 88 cm line.

Multiply 88 cm by 2/3, which is 58.66...6 cm. Place a fret along this line.

Multiply 58.66...6 cm by 4/3, which is 78.22...2 cm. Place a fret along this line.

Multiply 78.22...2 cm by 2/3, which is 54.148148...148 cm. Place a fret along this line.

Multiply 54.148148...148 cm by 4/3, which is 69.531 cm. Place a fret along this line.

Multiply 69.531 cm by 2/3, which is 46.354 -- and which is too short, so double it to get 92.708 cm. Place a fret along this line.

Multiply 92.708 cm by 4/3...

Multiply the previous answer by 2/3...

Keep going until you have put down eleven frets.

Counting the frequency on the open string and the frequencies on the fretted strings, for each string there will be 12 defined frequencies.

Tune the bottom string to some basic frequency. Tune the next string to the frequency of the bottom string at the first fret. Tune the third string to the bottom string's second fret. Keep going until you have tuned all twelve strings.

When you pluck these strings at all the fretted and unfretted positions, you will get 144 frequencies. Some of them will be duplicates, but not as many as you might think because this system is not like the Equal tempered system now used for almost all Western music.

Out of each twelve frequencies on a single string, you can make many selections of either five frequencies (for the pentatonic scales) or seven frequencies (for the heptatonic scales).

Here is a chart showing how frequencies and scales can be produced. The frequency of 440 hertz could have been any other frequency. Once this frequency is chosen, it is multiplied by the ratios to produce the first column of frequencies. Each of these 12 frequencies is used to start its own column. (See the dotted red line for one example.) Any five frequencies in a column can be chosen to make a pentatonic scale, as long as they are not right together and are not more than two apart.

In the United States, students are taught the scale whose notes are named: "do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and ti." Those seven (known to many from the "Doe, a deer, a female deer" song) produce a **major scale.** In Western music we also use a **minor scale** fairly frequently. But we only have those two. Chinese traditional music uses five different scales of five notes each. It also has pentatonic scales, but they are not discussed in this article.
The Enemy (Higson novel)

***The Enemy*** is a young adult horror novel. It was written by English author Charlie Higson. The novel takes place in London. It is about the life of children after a worldwide sickness has turned adults into zombies. It was published by Puffin Books in the UK on 3 September 2009.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Enemy
- **author**: Charlie Higson
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English language, English
- **genre**: Horror fiction, Horror, Young-adult fiction, Young Adult, Thriller (genre), Thriller
- **publisher**: Puffin Books
- **release date**: September 3, 2009
- **media type**: Print
- **followed by**: The Dead (Higson novel), The Dead
David Norris

**David Patrick Bernard Norris** (born 1 July 1944) is an Irish scholar, independent Senator, and gay and civil rights activist.

He was in the election for President of Ireland in 2011.  If elected, he would have become the world's first openly gay head of state.  He left the race before the election.

Norris lives in his house in Dublin. The house is on North Great Georges Street. When he bought the house he became a landlord.

He was a lecturer in Trinity College Dublin. He is especially interested in James Joyce.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: David Norris
- **image**: David Norris politician.jpg
- **office**: Seanad Éireann, Senator
- **term start**: 25 April 1987
- **constituency**: University of Dublin (constituency), University of Dublin
- **birth place**: Kinshasa, Léopoldville, Belgian Congo
<small>(now Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Congo-Kinshasa)</small>
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
- **alma mater**: Trinity College, Dublin
Spinneret

A **spinneret** is the part of a spider's body that makes its silk. Spiders have one, two, or three pairs of spinnerets. The spinnerets are usually close together.
Endocardium

The **Endocardium** is the innermost layer of tissue which lines the inside of the heart. It plays a role in controlling the function of the myocardium, the heart muscle. The endocardium is made of simple epithelial cells similar to those which line blood vessels.

In addition to lining the inside of the heart, the endocardium also regulates heart contractions and aids cardiac embryo development.

## Infobox (anatomy)

- **name**: Endocardium
- **latin**: endocardium
- **image**: Gray493.png
- **caption**: Interior of right side of heart
Beelzebufo

***Beelzebufo*** was a large frog discovered in the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar. The media called it 'Devil Toad', and 'The Frog From Hell'. The frog lived  some 70 million years ago.

With a body length of about 16 inches (40.5 cm) the frog was larger than any living frog. Its weight in life was about 9-10 lbs (4.5 kg).

## Relationships

The bones of the skull roof shows a rugous (wrinkled) external surface, indicating that at least parts of the head may have borne bony scutes.

The _Beelzebufo_ was a member of the horned toad sub-family, the Ceratophryinae. Living members of the family are found only in South America, but were once more widely distributed in Gondwana. Both South America and Madagascar were part of the supercontinent Gondwana before it broke up in the Cretaceous.

## Habits

_Beelzebufo_ was an ambush predator whose wide mouth let it eat relatively large prey, perhaps even juvenile dinosaurs. It probably lived in warm, seasonally dry habitats with occasional pools of water. Its modern relatives live in similar habitats, and can burrow.