juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Margaret Battye

**Margaret Battye** (9 August 1909 – 16 November 1949) was an Australian lawyer. She became influential in politics, business, and the legal advancement of women. Battye was the first woman to represent a client and begin a legal practice in Western Australia.

Battye died of thyrotoxicosis in 1949.

## Other websites

- Davidson, Dianne, _Women on the warpath : feminists of the first wave_, University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands, WA, 1997.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Margaret Battye
- **image**: M Battye.jpg
- **birth place**: Subiaco, Western Australia
- **death place**: Subiaco, Western Australia
- **occupation**: Lawyer
- **alma mater**: University of Western Australia
- **nationality**: Australian
Mirkka Rekola

**Mirkka Elina Rekola** (26 June 1931 – 5 February 2014) was a Finnish writer from Tampere. She published poems, aphorisms and essays. Her poetry was called "difficult". Many people read her work as late as in the 1990s. She was awarded many times.

Rekola died on 5 February 2014 in Helsinki. She was 82.

## Other websites

- Tomas Sjöblom, Mirkka  Rekola - A Lyrical Poet Against a Dualistic Worldview.
- Herbert Lomas, No need to go anywhere.
Bridge Creek, Oklahoma

**Bridge Creek** is a small town in Grady County in the US state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 US census, about 336 people lived there.

## History

Bridge Creek was made a town in 2000.  It is part of an area of northern McClain and Grady Counties sometimes called the "Tri-City Area" with Newcastle, Tuttle and Blanchard.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bridge Creek, Oklahoma
- **settlement type**: Town
- **pushpin map**: Oklahoma#USA
- **pushpin label**: Bridge Creek
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Oklahoma
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Oklahoma, County
- **subdivision name2**: Grady County, Oklahoma, Grady
- **subdivision type3**: List of Oklahoma townships, Township
- **established title**: Founded
- **established title1**: Platted
- **established title2**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **area total sq mi**: 1.57
- **area land sq mi**: 1.57
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 4.07
- **area land km2**: 4.07
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **elevation ft**: 1345
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 336
- **population density sq mi**: 213.60
- **population density km2**: 82.46
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 73010 / 73089
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **area code**: Area code 405, 405
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411725
Montgomery Gentry

**Montgomery Gentry** was an American country music band. It was started in 1998. The band is made up of vocalists Eddie Montgomery and Troy Gentry. Both are from Kentucky. The duo is known for its Southern rock influences. They have collaborated with Charlie Daniels, Toby Keith, Five for Fighting, and members of the Allman Brothers Band. In 1999, they were awarded Favorite New Artist—Country at the American Music Awards. Both the Academy of Country Music and Country Music Association named them Duo of the Year in 2000. They have been nominated for this award by both associations in every year until 2016.

In 2009, they were inducted into the Grand Ole Opry.

Troy Gentry died in a helicopter crash on September 8, 2017, aged 50.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Tattoos & Scars_ (1999)
- _Carrying On_ (2001)
- _My Town_ (2002)
- _You Do Your Thing_ (2004)
- _Some People Change_ (2006)
- _Back When I Knew It All_ (2008)
- _Rebels on the Run_ (2011)
- _Folks Like Us_ (2015)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Montgomery Gentry
- **image**: Montgomery Gentry 2008.jpg
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Summit, Kentucky, USA
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **years active**: 1998-2017
- **label**: Columbia Records, Average Joe's Entertainment, Blaster Records
- **associated acts**: John Michael Montgomery
- **past members**: Eddie Montgomery
Troy Gentry (deceased)
John Tower

**John Goodwin Tower** (September 29, 1925 – April 5, 1991) was an American politician. He was the first Republican United States senator from Texas since Reconstruction.

He served from 1961 until his retirement on January 3, 1985, after which time he was appointed as the chairman of the Reagan-appointed Tower Commission that investigated the Iran-Contra Affair. He was George Herbert Walker Bush's nominee for Secretary of Defense in 1989 but was rejected by the Senate, 53–47.

On April 5, 1991, Tower and his middle daughter, Marian, and the astronaut Sonny Carter were killed along with twenty other people in the crash of Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311.

## Other websites

- Handbook of Texas article on John Tower
- Oral History Interviews with John Tower, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
- Southwestern University and SMU's John G. Tower Digital Media Collection contains videos and audios by John Tower throughout his career.
- _Booknotes_ interview with Roger Gittines on _Consequences: John G. Tower, A Personal and Political Memoir_, June 30, 1991.
- John G. Tower Papers  – Official repository for John Tower's Senate and personal papers, Special Collections, Southwestern University.
- Speech by John Tower given on November 11, 1970. Audio recording. From the University of Alabama's Emphasis Symposium on Contemporary Issues.
Al Jaffee

**Abraham Jaffee** (March 13, 1921 – April 10, 2023), known as **Al Jaffee**, was an American cartoonist. He was known for his work in the satirical magazine _Mad_, including his trademark feature, the Mad Fold-in. Jaffee was a regular in the magazine after 58 years and was its longest-running contributor. Only one issue of _Mad_ has been published since 1964 without containing new material by Jaffee.

Jaffee was born March 13, 1921 in Savannah, Georgia.

Jaffee died of multiple organ failure on April 10, 2023, at a New York City hospital. He was 102.

## Other websites

- Complete list of Jaffee's _Mad_ articles
- Al Jaffee Wins the Reuben Award, Cartoonist of the Year
- Part One of a Jaffee interview , TheDailyCrosshatch.com
- Part Two of a Jaffee interview, TheDailyCrosshatch.com
- Part Three of a Jaffee interview , TheDailyCrosshatch.com
- "Fold-Ins, Past and Present", NYTimes.com interactive feature, March 28, 2008

## Infobox (comics creator)

- **image**: 10.9.16AlJaffeeByLuigiNovi1.jpg
- **caption**: Jaffee at the 2016 New York Comic Con
- **alt**: Jaffee smiling
- **birth name**: Abraham Jaffee
- **birth place**: Savannah, Georgia, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **cartoonist**: y
- **signature**: Al Jaffee (autograph).png
- **notable works**: _Mad (magazine), Mad,_ _Trump (magazine), Trump,_ _Humbug (magazine), Humbug_, "Snappy Answers to Stupid Questions", _Tall Tales_
- **awards**: Reuben Award, 2008
National Cartoonists Society Advertising and Illustration Award for 1973
 Special Features Award for 1971 and 1975
Humor Comic Book Award for 1979
2013 Will Eisner Hall of Fame Award
Ralph Waite

**Ralph Waite** (June 22, 1928 – February 13, 2014) was an American actor. He is best known for his role as John Walton, Sr., on the 1970s CBS TV series _The Waltons_. He played the slave ship third mate Slater in the mini-series _Roots_.

Waite died on February 13, 2014, aged 85, from natural causes

## Other websites

- Ralph Waite at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Ralph Waite.jpg
- **image caption**: Waite at _The Waltons_ 40th Anniversary in 2012
- **name**: Ralph Waite
- **birth place**: White Plains, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Palm Desert, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Natural causes
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1965–2013
- **spouse**: Beverly Waite (1951–1966)
Kerry Shear Waite (1977–1981)
Linda East (1982–2014)
- **children**: 3
Georgy Martyniuk

**Georgy Yakovlevich Martyniuk** (Russian: Гео́ргий Я́ковлевич Мартыню́к; 3 March 1940 – 13 February 2014) was a Russian movie and theater actor.

He was born in Orenburg on 3 March 1930. Martyniuk graduated from the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts in 1962. In 2003, he received the People's Artist of Russia honor.

He was married to actress Valentina Martyniuk (Russian: Валентина Мартынюк). He died on 13 February 2014 in Moscow, after a long illness in Moscow, Russia.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Georgy Martyniuk
- **birth name**: Georgy Yakovlevich Martyniuk
- **birth place**: Orenburg, Russia, USSR
- **death place**: Moscow, Russia
- **spouse**: Valentina Markova
 Neelie Martyniuk
- **occupation**: Actor
Stasi

The **Stasi** was the official state security service of East Germany, the German Democratic Republic in short the GDR. The Stasi motto was "_Schild und Schwert der Partei_" (Shield and Sword of the Party). "The Party" was the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany. The main job of the Stasi was to prevent opposition to the Party.

It was one of the most effective and ruthless secret police agencies in the world. The Stasi headquarter were in East Berlin, with a group of buildings in Lichtenberg and several other buildings in Berlin.

One of its main tasks was spying on the people, through a vast network of citizens who were informants ("snitches"). Informants were paid, or given favours for their information.

The Stasi also worked as an intelligence agency abroad, using espionage and covert operations in foreign countries. Under its long-time head Markus Wolf it got a reputation as one of the most effective intelligence agencies of the Cold War.

The Stasi was also tasked with counter-intelligence. They were responsible for stopping foreign-intelligence services from working in GDR.

After German reunification in 1990, many Stasi officials were prosecuted for their crimes. The files that the Stasi had kept on millions of East Germans were laid open. Now citizens can see their personal files on request; these files are kept by the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Archives.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: Ministry for State Security
- **motto**:

- **seal**: Emblem Stasi.svg
- **seal width**: 125 px
- **seal caption**: Seal of the Ministry of State Security of the GDR
- **headquarters**: East Berlin, East Germany, GDR
- **employees**: 91,015 (1989)
- **agency type**: Secret police, Intelligence agency
- **chief1 name**: Wilhelm Zaisser (1950–1953)
- **chief2 name**: Ernst Wollweber (1953–1957)
- **chief3 name**: Erich Mielke (1957–1989)
- **chief4 name**: Wolfgang Schwanitz (1989–1990)
International Institute of Hotel Management

**International Institute of Hotel Management** (**IIHM**) is a chain of hospitality and hotel management schools. It was founded in 1994 at Kolkata, India. IIHM has campus sites at Kolkata, Bangalore, Delhi, Pune, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Ahmedabad and in Bangkok, Thailand. The school offers a Bachelor's degree in International Hospitality Management. A large number of students study at these campuses. Students also may complete their degree at Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh or the University of West London, in London.
Langar

A **langar** () is a common kitchen where food is served at a Sikh temple (_Gurdwara_). The concept of langar was introduced by Guru Nanak Dev, who was the founder of Sikhism and also the first Guru. Because of Guru Nanak's belief in the oneness of humanity and equality, he offered free meals to everyone. Every Gurdwara has a temple, as required by the Guru Granth Sahib, and the food is served to all the visitors for free.

At all langars, only vegetarian food is served. It usually consists of: bread (poori), yogurt and lentils. Samosas and spring rolls are served on special occasions. Kheer may be served as a dessert. Langar around the world are serving food to those in need everyday, and have done so for over the past 500 years. They are open to people of all castes, class, gender and religions. After a person eats at the langar, they are not supposed to eat meat for the rest of the day.
Siilinjärvi

**Siilinjärvi** is a municipality in Northern Savonia, Finland. It had almost 21,600 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are  Kuopio, Lapinlahti and Maaninka.

## History

Siilinjärvi was established 1925.

## Villages

Aappola, Hakkarala, Hamula, Heinämäki, Jälä, Jännevirta, Kaaraslahti, Kasurila, Kehvo, Koivumäki, Koivusaari, Kolmisoppi, Kumpunen, Kuuslahti, Lehdonkylä, Pajujärvi, Pöljä, Rissala, Räimä, Siimes and Väänälänranta.

## Other websites

- The official Siilinjärvi page
Pope Telesphorus

Pope **Telesphorus** was the seventh Pope of the Catholic Church, the official title is  Bishop of Rome from approximately 125-136 C.E.

This Pope was born in Calabria to Greek parents and there is a parish church dedicated to him today.

Earlier in his life he worked with the hermits of Mount Carmel in Palestine and is still remembered in the Carmelite Order of Monks.  He is credited with the custom of the Midnight Mass, celebrated at Christmas and for the period of reflection during the season of Lent but this is disputed.  He celebrated Easter on Sundays whereas many early Catholics were observing the Jewish custom and celebrating it on Passover.

His martydom under the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius can be confirmed. He was made a Saint by the Catholic Church. His feast days are celebrated on January 5, February 3 and 22.
Maaninka

**Maaninka** is a former municipality in the middle of Northern Savonia, Finland. It had over 3,750 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Iisalmi, Kuopio, Lapinlahti, Pielavesi, Siilinjärvi and Tervo.

## History

Maaninka was established in 1872.  It was merged with the city of Kuopio on 1 January 2015.

## Other websites

- The official Maaninka page
Pope Hyginus

Pope **Hyginus** was the eighth Pope of the Catholic Church (the official title is Bishop of Rome). He served around 138142 AD.  Hyginus was a Greek born in Athens.

He served as Pope during the heretical teachings of the Gnostics. Heresy is a belief or opinion that does not agree with the official belief or opinion of a particular religion.  The Gnostics taught that Yahweh, (the Old Testament name for God) and Jesus Christ were two different Gods. This was against the Catholic Church teachings. Hyginus declared these men, Valentinus and Cerdo, to be heretics.

Pope Hyginus died a martyr. He was made a Saint by the Catholic Church. His feast day is celebrated on January 11.
Savassi

**Savassi** is a neighborhood in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. It is in the central-south zone of the city. It has many bars, nightclubs, and restaurants. It has a busy and well developed shopping district and several shopping malls. Savassi is one of the most prestigious areas in Belo Horizonte. It used to be a region inside the traditional and wealthy Funcionários neighborhood. In 2006, it was changed by the Town House before the meeting of the Inter-American Development Bank, which happened the same year.

## Related pages

- Praça Diogo de Vasconcelos
Pallastunturi

**Pallastunturi** is the southestern part of a 50 kilometre-long mountain chain in Lapland, Finland. It is a group of seven fells located in Muonio and Enontekiö municipalities.

## Other websites

- Pictures
Muonio

**Muonio** is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. As of January 2014, about 2,385 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Enontekiö, Kittilä and Kolari. On the western side of it is Sweden. Distance to Tornio is about 260 km and to Kilpisjärvi, 200 km. There are a lot of lakes in the area of Muonio.

## Other websites

- Community website
Keminmaa

**Keminmaa** is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. As of 2013, the municipality had a population of about 8,550. Neighbouring municipalities are Kemi, Simo, Tervola and Tornio.

## Other websites

- Community website
Tervola

**Tervola** is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. As of January 2014, the municipality had a population of about 3,320. Neighbouring municipalities are Keminmaa, Ranua, Rovaniemi, Simo, Tornio and Ylitornio.

## Other websites

- Community website
Division of Phillip

The **Division of Phillip** was an Australian Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales.
The division was created in 1949. It was abolished in 1993. It was named after Captain Arthur Phillip, the captain of the Firth Fleet and the first Governor of New South Wales. It was located in the suburbs of Bondi, Coogee, Kensington, and Randwick.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Joe Fitzgerald|Labor|1949–1955|
|||William Aston|Liberal|1955–1961|
|||Syd Einfeld|Labor|1961–1963|
|||(Sir) William Aston|Liberal|1963–1972|
|||Joe Riordan|Labor|1972–1975|
|||Jack Birney|Liberal|1975–1983|
|||Jeannette McHugh|Labor|1983–1993|

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Phillip
- **state**: nsw
- **created**: 1949
- **abolished**: 1993
- **namesake**: Captain Arthur Phillip
Chemical synapse

**Chemical synapses** are synapses that use chemical messengers called neurotransmitters to transmit signals. They are found all over the body. Especially in the central nervous system and the brain.

Neurons use electrical signals to carry information. These signals are called action potentials. There are an estimated 86 billion neurons in the average human brain. Neurons don't act alone. They need to connect to other neurons and pass messages between each other. The electrical signal cannot pass the gap between neurons alone. This is why neurotransmitters are needed to pass signals from one neuron to the next. In this sense they differ from electrical synapses which pass electric signals directly to the next neuron. Chemical synapses can be further classified depending upon function and structure.

## Structure

The structure of a typical chemical synapse comes in three parts:
- The pre-synaptic terminal is usually on the axon. This releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. The pre-synaptic terminal is the first part of synaptic transmission and so has a "pre-" prefix.
- The synaptic membrane of the post-synaptic cell is usually on the dendrite of the next neuron. This absorbs neurotransmitters into the post-synaptic neuron (the neuron that is receiving the signal). The post-synaptic cell is the last part of the transmission process and so has a "post-" suffix.
- The **synaptic cleft** is the bit in the middle of the two membranes. This space is filled with an _extracellular _(_extra- _= outside of. _cellular = _live cell.) matrix of proteins that mainly acts to hold the two neurons together.

### Two types of chemical synapse

- Type I synapses are the more common chemical synapse in the human brain. These synapses excite (trigger) the next neuron. The next neuron produces an action potential when this synaptic transmission happens. These synapses are usually found on dendrites of the post-synaptic cell. The pre-synaptic terminal is found on the axon of the neuron that sends the transmission (pre-synaptic cell). Type I synapses are symmetrical in shape.
- Type II synapses are less common in the human brain.  These synapses are asymmetrical in shape. They inhibit. Instead of causing an action potential in the next neuron, these synapses stop an action potential. They are less common than type I synapses.
Division of Nepean

The **Division of Nepean** was an Australian Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales.
The division was created in 1949. It was abolished in 1993. It was named after British politician Evan Nepean. It was located in the suburbs of Granville, Lithgow, Penrith.

## Members

|colspan="2" class="unsortable"|Image|Member|Party|Term|class="unsortable"|Notes|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||rowspan=2||rowspan=2||Anti-Socialist|nowrap|12 December 1906 – 26 May 1909|rowspan=2|Lost seat. Later elected to Nepean in 1919|
|||nowrap|Commonwealth Liberal|nowrap|– 13 April 1910||||||
|||||Labor|nowrap|– 31 May 1913|Lost seat. Later elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Canterbury in 1914||||
|||rowspan=2||rowspan=2||Commonwealth Liberal|nowrap|– 17 February 1917|rowspan=2|Served as minister under Hughes. Retired|
|||nowrap|Nationalist|nowrap|– 3 November 1919||||||
|||||Nationalist|nowrap|– 16 December 1922|Elected to the Division of Parramatta after Nepean was abolished in 1922||||

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Nepean
- **state**: nsw
- **created**: 1906
- **abolished**: 1922
- **namesake**: Evan Nepean
Division of Martin

The **Division of Martin** was an Australian Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales.
The division was created in 1922. It was abolished in 1955. It was named after Sir James Martin, former Premier of New South Wales. It was located in inner western Sydney. It was also located in Concord and Mortlake. By the time it was abolished, the division of Martin had spread to Abbotsford, Balmain and Drummoyne.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Herbert Pratten|Nationalist|1922–1928||
|||Graham Pratten|Nationalist|1928–1929||
|||rowspan="2"|John Eldridge|Labor|1929–1931|
|||Labor (NSW)|1931–1931|||
|||William Holman|United Australia|1931–1934||
|||William McCall|United Australia|1934–1943||
|||Fred Daly|Labor|1943–1949||
|||William O'Connor|Labor|1949–1955||

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Martin
- **state**: nsw
- **created**: 1922
- **abolished**: 1955
- **namesake**: James Martin (Australian politician), Sir James Martin
Division of Lawson

The **Division of Lawson** was an Australian Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales.
The division was created in 1949. It was abolished in 1969. It was named after Henry Lawson, an Australian author. It was located in the north-west of New South Wales. It was also located in the towns of Coonabarabran, Dubbo and Mudgee.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Laurie Failes|Country|1949–1969|

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Lawson
- **state**: nsw
- **created**: 1949
- **abolished**: 1969
- **namesake**: Henry Lawson
Waterloo, Ontario

**Waterloo, Ontario** is a city in Southern Ontario, Canada. It is very close to the city of Kitchener, Ontario. Kitchener and Waterloo are often referred to together as "Kitchener-Waterloo", or "KW". They are sometimes called "the Tri-City" (to include the City of Cambridge). All three have separate city governments.

The University of Waterloo and Wilfred Laurier University are in Waterloo. The headquarters of mobile phone maker BlackBerry is there.

Waterloo has a population of 121,436 (as of 2021). University of Waterloo is marked the 4th best university in Canada. (Wilfred Laurier is 27th)
Ronnie Claire Edwards

**Ronnie Claire Edwards** (February 9, 1933 – June 14, 2016) was an American actress. She was best known for playing Corabeth Walton Godsey on the TV show _The Waltons_.

Edwards was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on February 9, 1933.

She also appeared the in _Star Trek: The Next Generation_ episode "Thine Own Self" and the 1999 remake of _Inherit The Wind_.

Edwards died in her sleep on June 14, 2016 at her home in Dallas, Texas, aged 83.

## Other websites

- Ronnie Claire Edwards, _The Knife Thrower's Assistant: Memoirs of a Human Target_, Hawk Publishing Group, (October 2000),
- "Q&A with Ronnie Claire Edwards", by Thomas Korosec, D Magazine, July 22, 2009.
- "Swiss Ave. Church, Now Actor's Home and Artists Residence, _Almost_ a City Landmark ", by Robert Wilonsky, Unfair Park blog, Dallas Observer, January 25, 2010.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Ronnie Claire Edwards.jpg
- **caption**: Edwards at _The Waltons_ 40th Anniversary in 2012
- **name**: Ronnie Claire Edwards
- **birth place**: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Dallas, Texas, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
Earl Hamner Jr.

**Earl Henry Hamner Jr.** (July 10, 1923 – March 24, 2016) was an American television writer and producer (sometimes credited as **Earl Hamner**). He was best known for his work in the 1970s and 1980s on the long-running CBS series _The Waltons_ and _Falcon Crest_.

Hamner died of cancer on March 24, 2016 in Los Angeles, California, aged 92.

## Other websites

- Official Earl Hamner website
- The Hamner Theater  The Hamner Theater in Nelson County, VA.
- _Write TV_ Public Television Interview with Earl Hamner

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Earl Hamner Jr.
- **birth name**: Earl Henry Hamner Jr.
- **birth place**: Schuyler, Virginia, Schuyler, Virginia, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Writer, Producer
- **citizenship**: United States
- **spouse**: Jane Martin (1954–2016)
Ken Jones

**Ken Jones** (20 February 1930 – 13 February 2014) was an English actor.

Jones was born in Liverpool, England on 20 February 1930. He appeared in many movies and television programmes and played a lead character in the British sitcom _The Squirrels_ (1974-77), but may be best known for his role as 'Horrible' Ives in _Porridge_.

Jones was married to actress Sheila Fay, also a native of Liverpool, from 30 October 1964 until her death on 31 August 2013. He died from bowel cancer on 14 February 2014, six days before his 84th birthday, in a nursing home in Prescot, Merseyside.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ken Jones
- **birth place**: Liverpool, Lancashire, England, UK
- **death place**: Prescot, Merseyside, England, UK
- **yearsactive**: 1964–2014
Mike Stepovich

**Michael Anthony "Mike" Stepovich** (March 12, 1919 – February 14, 2014) was an American lawyer and politician. Stepovich from 1957 to 1958, served as the last Governor of Alaska Territory.

Stepovich was born to Michael and Olga (Barta) Stepovich in Fairbanks, Alaska on March 12, 1919. He studied at the University of Portland, at Gonzaga University, and at Notre Dame Law School. Stepovich was married to Matilda Baricevic until his death in 2014.

Following his education and military service during World War II, Stepovich created a law practice in his home town of Fairbanks, Alaska and began his political career by winning three terms in the Alaska Territorial legislature.

During his term as governor, he was a leading advocate in the effort to gain statehood for Alaska. Following Alaska's admission to the union, he made an unsuccessful run for a U.S. Senate seat and two unsuccessful attempts to be elected Governor of Alaska.

He was hospitalized after suffering a head injury on February 8, 2014 as result of a fall while visiting his son in San Diego, California, aged 94.

## Other websites

- Mike Stepovich at _100 Years of Alaska's Legislature_

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mike Stepovich
- **image**: Mike Stepovich.png
- **order**: List of Governors of Alaska, Governor of Alaska
- **lieutenant**: Waino Edward Hendrickson, Waino Hendrickson
- **term start**: April 12, 1957
- **term end**: August 1, 1958
- **predecessor**: Waino Edward Hendrickson, Waino Hendrickson
- **successor**: Waino Edward Hendrickson, Waino Hendrickson
- **birth name**: Michael Anthony Stepovich
- **birth place**: Fairbanks, Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: San Diego, California, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **spouse**: Matilda Baricevic
- **alma mater**: University of Portland
Gonzaga University
Notre Dame Law School, University of Notre Dame
Gillo Dorfles

**Gillo Dorfles** (12 April 1910 – 2 March 2018) was an Italian art critic, painter, and philosopher. Dorfles graduated in medicine, specializing in psychiatry. He was a professor in aesthetics at the University of Trieste, Milan and Cagliari. In 1948, he co-founded the Movimento per l'arte concreta (MAC) with artists Atanasio Soldati, Galliano Mazzon, Gianni Monnet, and Bruno Munari.

Dorfles was born on 12 April 1910 in Trieste. He died on 2 March 2018 at 107 years old in Milan.

## Related pages

- List of Italian painters
Elizabeth Wilson

**Elizabeth Welter Wilson** (April 4, 1921 – May 9, 2015) was a Tony Award-winning American actress. She appeared in movies such as _Picnic_ (1955), _The Goddess_ (1958), _The Tunnel of Love_ (1958), _A Child Is Waiting_ (1963), _The Birds_ (1963), _The Graduate_ (1967), _Catch-22_ (1970), _The Day of the Dolphin_ (1973), _The Prisoner of Second Avenue_ (1975), _9 to 5_ (1980), _Grace Quigley_ (1985), _Regarding Henry_ (1991), _The Addams Family_ (1991), _Quiz Show_ (1994), and _Hyde Park on Hudson_ (2012).

Wilson was born on April 4, 1921, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. She was of English and German ancestry. She was elected to the Theatre Hall of Fame in 2007. Wilson died at her home in New Haven, Connecticut, aged 94.
Suomussalmi

**Suomussalmi** is a municipality in Kainuu, Finland. It had almost 8,700 living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Taivalkoski, Puolanka, Hyrynsalmi and the cities Kuusamo, Pudasjärvi and Kuhmo.

## History

Suomussalmi was established in 1867.

## Other websites

- The official Suomussalmi page
Sääksmäki

**Sääksmäki** is a former municipality of Finland. It was merged with Valkeakoski in 1973. Before that, the municipalities next to it were Kalvola, Lempäälä, Pälkäne, Toijala, Tyrväntö (afterwards Hattula), Valkeakoski and Viiala. Its population from 1970 was almost 4,500.

## Famouse people

- Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Finland's third president, was born in Sääksmäki 1861

## Other websites

- Sääksmäki-seura ry, website
Juupajoki

**Juupajoki** is a municipality in Pirkanmaa, Finland. It had almost 2,050 people living there in January 2014. The municipalities next to it are Jämsä, Mänttä-Vilppula, Orivesi and Ruovesi.

## History

Juupajoki was established in 1813.

## Other websites

- The official Juupajoki page
Keuruu

**Keuruu** is a town and municipality in Central Finland. It is 60 km to the west of Jyväskylä. There were more than 10,300 people living there in January 2014. More than 10% of the area is water. Keuruu is next to the municipalities of Jämsä, Multia, Mänttä-Vilppula, Petäjävesi, Virrat and Ähtäri.

## Other websites

- Keuruu city page
Rene Ricard

**Albert Napoleon** "**Rene**" **Ricard** (July 23, 1946 – February 1, 2014) was an American poet, actor, art critic, and painter.

He was born on July 23, 1946 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was raised in Acushnet. At age eighteen, he became a protégé of Andy Warhol. He appeared in the Warhol movies _Kitchen_ (1965), _Chelsea Girls_ (1966), and _The Andy Warhol Story_ (1966). In the 1980s, he wrote a series of influential essays for _Artforum_ magazine. Ricard was openly gay. At the time of his death, he was living at the Hotel Chelsea in Manhattan, New York City with his partner, Rita Barros, a Portuguese artist and photographer.

He died from cancer on February 1, 2014 at the Bellevue Hospital Center in New York City. He was 67.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America
Seitseminen National Park

**Seitseminen National Park** is a national park in Pirkanmaa, Finland. It was established in 1982. It covers an area of about 45.5 square kilometres. The park is managed by Metsähallitus, which manages all state forests in Finland.

There were 40,500 visitors in 2010.
General Medical Council

The **General Medical Council** (GMC) is a fee-based registered charity with statutory obligation to maintain a register of medical practitioners within the United Kingdom. Registration with the GMC confers a number of privileges and duties.

## Purpose

There is a legal requirement for a register, the list of  "registered medical practitioners" in Britain. That is the main job of the GMC. The GMC controls entry to the List of Registered Medical Practitioners ("the medical register"). "The main objective of the General Council in exercising their functions is to protect, promote and maintain the health and safety of the public".

Secondly, the GMC regulates and sets the standards for medical schools in the UK. It liaises with other nations' medical and university regulatory bodies over medical schools overseas, leading to some qualifications being mutually recognised. Since 2010, it also regulates postgraduate medical education.

Thirdly, the GMC is responsible for a licensing and revalidation system for all practising doctors in the UK, separate from the registration system. This was done by order of the Privy Council on 3 December 2012.

## Right to free choice

Citizens have a right to free choice in a democracy. Therefore, medical activities by an unregistered person is not absolutely banned:

However, most activities connected with being a doctor are effectively banned:
BA

Uses of **BA**

- Bachelor of Arts
- Beerenauslese, German late-harvest wine

## Companies and organizations

- Bangladesh Army
- British Airways, by IATA airline code
- British Science Association

## Linguistics

- Bashkir language's ISO 639 alpha-2 language code
- Ba (Javanese) (ꦧ), a letter in the Javanese script

## People

- Ba (pharaoh)
- Ba (surname), West African surname, invariably of Fula origin
Kittilä

**Kittilä** is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. As of January 2014, almost 6,500 people lived there. The municipalities next to it are Enontekiö, Inari, Kolari, Muonio, Rovaniemi and Sodankylä. Kittilä has an airport, and a ski resort named Levi.

A large coal mine is in Kittilä. It is owned by the Canadian mining company: Agnico-Eagle. They have leased the mine until 2044. There is also a copper mine in Kittilä.

## History

Kittilä was established 1854 by Olavi Rauhala, Vieno Suvanto and Johan Lahti. However, the earliest settlement of the area was long before.

## Other websites

- Kittilä page
Kilpisjärvi

**Kilpisjärvi** is a village in Enontekiö municipality in Lapland, Finland.

## History

About 10 km west of Kilpisjärvi is Treriksröset. This is the point where the borders of Finland, Norway and Sweden meet. A monument was built at the exact point in 1926. It replaced an earlier marker built of stone in 1897.

## Other websites

- Kilpisjärvi Village's website
Varkaus

**Varkaus** is a town in Northern Savonia, Finland. As of January 2014 Varkaus had a population almost of 22,100 people. Neighbouring municipalities are Heinävesi, Joroinen, Leppävirta, Rantasalmi and Savonlinna.

The former municipality of Kangaslampi was merged with Varkaus on 1 January 2005.

In Joroinen is a small airport called _Varkauden lenteasema_.

## Other websites

- Website, finnish, english and in russian
Bunny Rugs

**William Clarke** (6 February 1948 – 2 February 2014), better known by his stage names **Bunny Rugs** and **Bunny Scott**, was a Jamaican reggae musician. He was best known as a member of the band reggae band Third World.

## Early life and career

He was born on 6 February 1948 in Mandeville. He was raised in the capital city, Kingston. He began his career in the mid-1960s. He was also at one time a member of the and Inner Circle and half of the duo Bunny & Ricky.

## Death

Clarke died from leukaemia on 2 February 2014 at an intensive care facility in Orlando, Florida in the United States. He was 65. He was outlived by his wife and eight children.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: William Clarke
- **image**: BunnyRugs.jpg
- **birth date**: 6 February 1948
- **death date**: 2 February 2014
- **img capt**: Bunny Rugs on 4 March 2009.
- **alias**: Bunny Rugs
- **genre**: Reggae
Academic art

**Academic art** was an artistic style that was popular from the 17th to the 19th century. Different art schools laid down rules on what a good painting or artwork should look like. Academic art was influenced by these rules, and was about applying them when creating a work of art. Academic art is a form of Realism in art. One of the main ideas that influenced academic art was that of Aristotle: A work of art should give a selective, but true copy of a part of reality. This idea was transformed into the concept of mimesis, or imitation. Together with thisidea, there were a number of subjects that were acceptable for painting or sculpture. Very often, the subjects came from mythology

The École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris had a lot of influence on the movement. At the time Neoclassicism and Romanticism were the main movements at the school.

With later art styles, especially that of impressionism, academic art losts its importance.

Well known artists who painted in the academic art style include William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Alexandre Cabanel, Eugene de Blaas, Edward Poynter, Wilhelm Bendz and Alexander Ivanov.
Ahmed Dogan

**Ahmed Demir Dogan** (; born 29 March 1954) is a Bulgarian politician. He was chairman of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (DPS) from 4 January 1990 to 19 January 2013.

Dogan was born on 29 March 1954 in Pchelarovo, Dobrich Province. He is of Turkish ancestry.

On 19 January 2013, a man tried to assault Dogan with a gun during a political meeting. While Dogan was talking to a large group of people from a podium, a man ran onto the stage and pointed a pistol within a foot of Dogan's head. The man used a gas pistol filled with pepper spray, but the gun did not fire. According to Bulgaria's deputy chief prosecutor,  even if the gun had fired, pepper spray is not deadly.  The man was tackled and wrestled to the ground by security guards and delegates. He was severely beaten for several minutes before being arrested. The entire event was captured on video. The man was identified as Oktai Enimehmedov, a Bulgarian national of Turkish descent.
Pertunmaa

**Pertunmaa** is a municipality in Southern Savonia, Finland. As of January 2014 almost 1,850 people lived there. The municipalities next to it are Hartola, Heinola, Hirvensalmi, Mäntyharju and Joutsa.

A story says that the municipality got its name from a man named Perttu. He was the only ruler in Pertunmaa.

## Other websites

- Official Pertunmaa page
Hämeenkoski

**Hämeenkoski** is a former municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. Almost 2,100 people lived there as of January 2014. Nearby municipalities include Asikkala, Hausjärvi, Hollola, Hämeenlinna and Kärkölä. On 1 January 2016, it was merged to the municipality of Hollola.

## History

Until the 18th century, Hämeenkoski was called **Etola**. After that, its name was **Koski HI**. The name Hämeenkoski has been used since 1995.

## Villages

Etola (Hämeenkoski), Hankala, Huhti, Huljala, Hyrkkälä, Hyväneula, Järvenpää (Hämeenkoski), Kaunkorpi, Koski (Hämeenkoski), Käikälä, Leiniälä, Miehola, Padonmaa (Palomaa), Porvola, Putula, Pätilä, Saapas, Tenhiälä, Toijala (Hämeenkoski) and Töykkylä.

## Other websites

- Community website
Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg

**Archduchess Sophie Chotek** (1 March 1868 – 28 June 1914) was a Czech noble from the Bohemia. She was the wife of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. She was killed by Gavrilo Princip when he tried to shoot Potiorek, the Austrian governor of Sarajevo. Princip also killed her husband, Archduke Franz Ferdinand. These killings are commonly said to have started World War I.

## Titles and styles

- (1868) _Countess Sophie Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin_
- (1900) _Her Serene Highness_ The Princess of Hohenberg
- (1909) _Her Highness_ The Duchess of Hohenberg

## Infobox (nobility)

- **name**: Sophie
- **title**: Duchess of Hohenberg
- **image**: Sophiechotek1868-2.jpg
- **birth place**: Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg
- **death place**: Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary
- **place of burial**: Artstetten Castle, Austria
- **spouse**: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
- **full name**: Sophie Maria Josephine Albina Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin
- **noble family**: House of Hohenberg
Hurricane Inez

**Hurricane Inez** was a very deadly late season hurricane. This storm happened late September to mid October 1966. Inez had winds of just over 150 miles an hour (almost Category 5 level). The storm went across Cuba, the Florida Keys, Hispaniola and Mexico. Inez killed over 1,000 people. It caused $226.5 million (1966 USD) in damage.

The name **Inez** was retired the next spring.
Nivala

**Nivala** is a city in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. As of January 2014, almost 10,950 people lived there. Nearby municipalities are Haapajärvi, Haapavesi, Sievi and Ylivieska. The historical name of Nivala is _Pidisjärvi_.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Newspaper
Hurricane Cleo

**Hurricane Cleo** was an intense hurricane that happened in late August-early September 1964. The highest winds speeds were measured at 140 miles per hour on 23 August. The storm went across Guadeloupe and Hispaniola, killing 214. It later struck from southeastern Florida to Virginia. Overall damage was just over $198 million in 1964 USD.

Due to high death count and severe damage, the name **Cleo** was retired in the spring of 1965.
Majesty

***Majesty*** is an English word from the , meaning _greatness_. It is a style of address. It is often used when directly addressing or referring to a monarch. The plural form is _Their Majesties_. The style ranks above _Royal Highness_.

## Examples of modern usage

1. _His Majesty_ King Philippe of the Belgians.
1. _His Majesty_ King Charles of the United Kingdom.
1. _His Majesty_ King Felipe of Spain.

## Examples of past usage

- _His Majesty_ King Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia. Referred to in British literature as _Sardinian Majesty_.
- _His Majesty_ King Frederick II of Prussia.

## Related pages

- King
- Queen
Washington Hilton

The **Washington Hilton**, which was officially known as the **Hilton Washington** for a period in the early 21st century and is sometimes referred to ironically as the **Hinckley Hilton** by locals, is a hotel in Washington, D.C. It is located at 1919 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., roughly at the boundaries of the Kalorama, Dupont Circle, and Adams Morgan neighborhoods.

The hotel was the site of the assassination attempt on President Ronald Reagan by John Hinckley, Jr. on March 30, 1981.  The attempt occurred at the hotel's T Street NW exit.

## Other websites

- Official site
- Ladies and Gentlement, From Los Angeles, California ... The Doors! - 1967 Doors concert at Washington Hilton
- Popular Car Wash in Albuquerque NM (1968) - 1968 review from the Washington Post

## Infobox (hotel)

- **hotel name**: Washington Hilton
- **image**: Hilton Washington - Connecticut Avenue.JPG
- **location**: 1919 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Washington D.C., Washington, District of Columbia
- **opening date**: June 20, 1965
- **developer**: Uris Buildings Corporation
- **architect**: William B. Tabler, William B. Tabler Architects
- **operator**: Hilton Worldwide
- **number of restaurants**: Four Oaks, McClellan's Sports Bar
- **number of rooms**: 1,070
- **number of suites**: 47
- **floors**: 12
- **website**: http://www1.hilton.com/en_US/hi/hotel/DCAWHHH-Washington-Hilton-District-of-Columbia/index.do
Gary Merrill

**Gary Merrill** (2 August 1915 – 5 March 1990) was an American movie and television character actor. His credits included more than fifty feature movies, a half dozen mostly short-lived TV series, and dozens of televisions guest star appereances. Merrill starred in _All about Eve_ and married his co-star, Bette Davis.

## Other websites

- _New York Times_ biography
Herbert Blöcker

**Herbert Blöcker** (1 January 1943 – 15 February 2014) was a German equestrian and Olympic medalist. He won a silver medal in eventing at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.

He was born in Schleswig-Holstein. In 2008, both he and his Olympic horse, "Feine Dame", were inducted into the International Association of Eventing Hall of Fame. He died of cancer in 2014 at age 71 at Elmshorn.
Larry Speakes

Larry Melvin Speakes (September 13, 1939 — January 10, 2014) was an American journalist and politician. He was the acting press spokesman for the White House under President Ronald Reagan. He held the position from 1981 to 1987.

Speakes died in Cleveland, Mississippi on January 10, 2014 after suffering from Alzheimer's disease, aged 74.

## Other websites

- Announcement on Speakes receiving the Presidential Citizens Medal
- The Presidency Project - _Appointment of Larry M. Speakes as Deputy Assistant to the President and Principal Deputy Press Secretary to the President, June 17, 1981_
George Edward Akerson

**George Edward Akerson** (September 5, 1889 – December 21, 1937) was an American journalist and politician. He was the first official White House Press Secretary.

Akerson was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota on September 5, 1889. He studied at the University of Minnesota and Allegheny College. In 1910 Akerson started at Harvard University, later receiving a BA in Political Science in 1912.

Akerson married Harriet Blake, a Wellesley College graduate, on June 28, 1915. They had three sons.

Akerson developed kidney disease. He died on December 21, 1937 in New York City, New York, aged 48.

## Further reading

- Moffett, L. W. "Akerson, Hoover's Right Hand Man, Surely Is The Boy Who Made Good." _The Shield of Phi Kappa Psi_ (December 1929), pgs. 113-121.
- "G. E. Akerson Dies; Ex-Aide to Hoover." _New York Times_ (Dec. 22, 1937), pg. 25.

## Other websites

- http://www.whitehousehistory.org/03/subs_press/02.swf
- http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=22676

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: George Edward Akerson
- **image**: George Akerson NBC.jpg
- **imagesize**: 215px
- **order**: 1st
- **office**: White House Press Secretary
- **term start**: March 4, 1929
- **term end**: January 2, 1931
- **president**: Herbert Hoover
- **predecessor**: Office Created
- **successor**: Theodore Goldsmith Joslin
- **birth place**: Minneapolis, Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, USA
Caroline Aaron

**Caroline Aaron** (earlier: **Caroline Sidney Abady**; born August 7, 1952) is an American actress. She played the character of Martha Ingels in the 1992 movie _This is My Life_. She also played the part of Annie in _21 Jump Street_ (a 2012 action comedy). She has a number of other acting roles to her credit in both film and television.

Aaron was born in Richmond, Virginia.

## Infobox (person/wikidata)

- **fetchwikidata**: ALL
Jane Got a Gun

***Jane Got a Gun*** is an American action western movie. The movie is about a woman named Jane being married to a bad man. Jane, however, longs for a man named Dan Frost. Natalie Portman plays Jane Hammond. The Weinstein Company will distribute the movie.

The movie was released on January 29, 2016.