juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Seleucid–Mauryan War

The **Seleucid–Mauryan War** happened between 305 and 303 BCE. It began when Seleucus I Nicator, the ruler of the Seleucid Empire, tried to reclaim parts of India that had once belonged to Alexander the Great's empire. These areas were controlled by Emperor Chandragupta Maurya of the Maurya Empire.

The war ended with Mauryan victory. Chandragupta Maurya gained control of the Indus Valley and Afghanistan, expanding his empire. There was also a marriage alliance between the Maurya and Seleucid Empires.

## Background

Alexander had placed governors in charge of his lands, including the region of the Indus Valley. Later, the Mauryan Empire took control of the areas ruled by Nicanor, Phillip, Eudemus, and Peithon. This gave the Mauryans control up to the Indus River. Chandragupta's victories made Seleucus realize he needed to protect his eastern border. To keep the Macedonian lands there, Seleucus clashed with the growing Mauryan Empire over the Indus Valley.

## Battle

It is not known if there was really a big battle. Historians have different views on the battle.
Military historian John D. Grainger said that when Seleucus crossed the Indus River, he "would find himself trapped," with a big river behind him and unfriendly land ahead. Because of this, Seleucus likely did not go far beyond the Indus. Grainger says the details of the fight are unclear, but it must have ended in "a clear Indian victory." Chandragupta pushed Seleucus' army back to the Hindu Kush mountains and gained a lot of land, including areas in what is now Afghanistan.

## Treaty of Indus

Greek historians like Justin, Appian, and Strabo gave three terms of the treaty Strabo in his geography he describes a number of tribes living along the Indus, and then states that "The Indians occupy [in part] some of the countries situated along the Indus, which formerly belonged to the Persians"
The ancient historians Justin, Appian, and Strabo describe the Agreement of the Indus. Seleucus gave Chandragupta control of the eastern parts of his empire, including Gandhara, Parapamisadae, Gedrosia,  Arachosia and Aria up to Herat. In return, Chandragupta gave Seleucus 500 Indian war elephants. The two rulers also formed a marriage alliance, likely with Chandragupta marrying a female relative of Seleucus.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Seleucid–Mauryan War
- **width**: 375
- **image**: File:Provinces of Seleucid Empire ceded to Maurya Empire, 303 BCE.png
- **image size**: 350
- **caption**: Location of Alexander the Great, Alexander the Great's provinces, later given to Chandragupta Maurya by Seleucus I Nicator
- **date**: 305-303 BCE
- **place**: Indus River, Indus River Valley
- **territory**: Gandhara, Paropamisadae, Balochistan, Gedrosia, Arachosia and Herat, Aria ceded to Mauryas.
- **result**: Mauryan victory
- **combatant1**: Maurya Empire
- **combatant2**: Seleucid Empire
- **commander1**: Chandragupta Maurya
Chanakya
- **commander2**: Seleucus I Nicator
Cotia

**Cotia** is an Brazilian city in the state of São Paulo. In 2020, 253,608 people lived here. Its area is 324 km². The elevation is 853 m. Cotia was founded in 1580 and was an active village during the "bandeiras" expeditions. It became a city since April 2, 1856.
Vargem Grande Paulista

**Vargem Grande Paulista** is an Brazilian municipality in the state of São Paulo. In 2020, 53,468 people lived here. Its area is 42.49 km².
São Roque, São Paulo

**São Roque** is an Brazilian city in the state of São Paulo. In 2020, 92,060 people lived here. Its area is 306.91 km². Its name means Saint Roch in Portuguese.
Akron, Colorado

**Akron** is a town in the U.S. state of Colorado. It is the county seat of Washington County. As of the 2020 census, 1,757 people live in Akron.
Pagosa Springs, Colorado

**Pagosa Springs** is a town in the U.S. state of Colorado. It is the county seat of Archuleta County.
Springfield, Colorado

**Springfield** is a town in the U.S. state of Colorado. It is the county seat of Baca County.
Las Animas, Colorado

**Las Animas** is a city in the U.S. state of Colorado. It is the county seat of Bent County.
Salida, Colorado

**Salida** is a city in the U.S. state of Colorado. It is the county seat of Chaffee County.
Zosimus

**Zosimus** was a Greek historian (Born 460s, died 520s). He lived in Constantinople during the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I (491–518). According to the religious leader Photius, Zosimus was a _comes_, or a noble of small importance. He also worked for the imperial treasury, which was where the Byzantine government managed their money. Zosimus was known for being a pagan when the Byzantine Empire was Christian. He did not agree with Roman Emperor Constantine's decision to make the Roman Empire Christian.

Not much is known about the life of Zosimus except that he was Greek and a pagan. He wrote about things that happened a long time before he was alive, and was also biased because of his paganism, so he is not trusted without outside proof.

## _Historia Nova_

Zosimus wrote _Historia Nova_ (meaning "New History,") which is a series of six books written in Greek. They are history books about the years 238 to 410 A.D. It was written in the late 400s. Zosimus's goal was to write about what led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Since he was a pagan, Zosimus puts Rome's Christian Emperors in an very bad light. This has led to historians being skeptical of Zosimus. Some historians say that since Zosimus was pagan when the Byzantine Empire was Christian, he might have lost his job at the government treasury. This would explain why he was sometimes very bitter in his writing.
S.T.A.L.K.E.R. 2: Heart of Chornobyl

**ST.A.L.K.E.R. 2: Heart of Chornobyl** (Ukrainian: _S.T.A.L.K.E.R. 2: Серце Чорнобиля_), is a first-person shooter computer game with survival horror elements, created by GSC Game World studio. The fourth installment of the _S.T.A.L.K.E.R._ series, the first to be developed simultaneously for Microsoft Windows and Xbox Series X/S, as well as the first game in the series since 2009 's _S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Call of Pripyat_.

Initially, the game was announced shortly after the release of Pripyat Dawn, citing 2012 as the release date, but work on this version was eventually put on hold. _S.T.A.L.K.E R. 2_ was announced again in 2018, when it was announced that work was being resumed, and shortly afterwards that the project was being moved to Unreal Engine 5. The release date of the new version was initially set for December 8, 2022. Following Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, work on the game was temporarily halted, and when it resumed it was slower than before, as the studio left its Kyiv headquarters and some of its staff decided to join the armed struggle against Russia. After several more delays, the game was released on 20 November 2024 for Xbox Series X/S and Microsoft Windows.

## Other websites

- Official website
- GSC Game official website

## Infobox (video game)

- **image**: S.T.A.L.K.E.R. 2꞉ Serce Czarnobyla logo.png
- **developer**: GSC Game World
- **publisher**: GSC Game World
- **engine**: Unreal Engine 5
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, multiplayer (future)
- **released**: 20 November, 2024.
- **genre**: First-person shooter, survival horror
2024 Kurram massacre

On 21 November 2024, gunmen attacked a large convoy of vehicles transporting Shiite Muslims in the Kurram District of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. They killed at least fifty people and injured thirty others. Khyber Pakhtukwha has a long border with Afghanistan.

The attack was one of northwestern Pakistan's deadliest incidents of sectarian violence in recent years. The attack was described as a "terrorist attack" by Pakistani authorities.

Most people in Pakistan are Muslims. Most of these are Sunnites, but in some areas, there are also large groups of Shiites. There were a number of incidents in the past, where different Muslim groups in Pakistan attacked each other. Such incidents are usually called _sectarian violence_. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa there are also areas with larger groups of Shiites. One of these areas is Kurram.

Four people carried out the attack. They shot at a convoy of over 200 vehicles, travelling m Parachinar to Peshawar. Most people in the convoy were Shiites.

Sunni and Shia Muslims are in conflict in the region over a dispute over land. Half of the population of the Kurram region are Shiite Muslims, while the majority of Pakistan are Sunni Muslims.

Pakistan's leadership responded imnediately: Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi categorized it as a terrorist attack, while Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and President Asif Ali Zardari issued strong condemnations and promises of justice against the parties responsible. Heightened security measures were implemented. Nadeem Aslam Chaudhry, Chief Secretary of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, called the attack a "major tragedy" and said the death toll was likely to rise.

Local Shiite leaders criticized authorities for failing to provide adequate security despite recent threats against the Shiite community. Several shop owners in Parachinar went on strike in protest against regional violence.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **location**: Kurram District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- **date**: 21 November 2024
- **target**: A large convoy of 200 vehicles transporting Shia Islam, Shiite Muslims
- **type**: Mass shooting, ambush
- **fatalities**: 50
- **injuries**: 30+ (11 critically)
- **perpetrators**: Islamic State – Pakistan Province, Islamic State (suspected)
- **numparts**: 4
- **motive**: Anti-Shi'ism
DeepL Translator

**DeepL Translator** is a neural machine translation service launched on August 28, 2017 and developed by DeepL GmbH (Linguee), based in Cologne, Germany. It has received generally positive reviews, in some cases being more accurate than the leader Google Translate.

DeepL started offering translations between 7 European languages, which was gradually expanded to 31 languages with 552 language pairs. In addition, approximate language equivalence is offered between all of these languages, using a two-step translation process with English as the reference language.

The company offers paid subscription services and licenses its translation API. The service is also financed by advertising on the sister site linguee.com.

Since September 2022, DeepL has been able to translate from and into Ukrainian.

### Translation method

The service uses its own algorithm with convolutional neural networks (CNN), which were trained on the Linguee database. According to the developers, the service uses a new, improved architecture of neural networks, which gives a more natural look to translations compared to competing services. The translation is created using a supercomputer with a capacity of up to 5.1 petaflops, which works in Iceland on hydropower. In general, ANNs are somewhat more suitable for long, connected sequences of words, but have not yet been used by competitors due to their disadvantages compared to recurrent neural networks. The weaknesses of DeepL are compensated by additional tricks, some of which are well know.

## Evaluation

The evaluation of DeepL Translator in 2017 was generally positive, with TechCrunch praising the service for its translation accuracy, saying it was more accurate and precise than Google Translate. "Le Monde" thanked its developers for translating the French text into more "Franco-sounding" expressions An article from the website of the Dutch TV channel RTL Z states that DeepL Translator "offers better translations [...] when it comes to translation from Dutch to English and vice versa". The Italian newspaper "la Repubblica" and the Latin American website "WWWWhat's new?" also approved the service. In 2020, the Japanese website "Gigazine" recognized the Japanese translation as accurate, even if the text was mixed with dialects.

### Statistics

As of January 2019, DeepL.com was ranked 2149 in Alexa's ranking of the most popular sites in the world.

## Infobox (website)

- **logo**: DeepL logo.svg
- **logo size**: 260px
- **website type**: Neural machine translation
- **language count**: 33 languages
- **language**: English, Arabic, Bulgarian, Greek, Danish, Estonian, Indonesian, Spanish, Italian, Chinese, Korean, Latin, Lithuanian, Dutch, German, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Romanian, Slovakian, Slovenian, Turkish, Hungarian, Ukrainian, Finnish, French, Czech, Swedish, Japanese.
- **headquarters**: Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- **owner**: DeepL SE
- **key people**: Jaroslaw Kutylowski
- **commercial**: Yes
- **registration**: Optional
- **current status**: Active
Dheer (caste)

**Dhir** epically mentioned as _Dheer gotra_is an Punjabi surname patriarchally emerged as working class found in the _Hindu_ and _Sikh_ traders of Khatri lineage However it also classified as **endogamous-clan** which cheifly found among heritable member of Sunar community

## Caste identity

In the 15th century, Khatris such as Dhir followed by "Kholsa_"_ and "Puri_"_ were eventually settled down near Batala in Gurdaspur dating back to regnant premierships of **Akbar** and maintains stronghold position as prominent financiers or loyal servant (darbari) under lahore darbar

## Related pages

- Akbar
- Mughal Empire

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Dhir subgroup
- **native name lang**: hi
- **languages**: Haryana, Harynavi and every regional dialtect of Punjabi language
- **religions**: **Majoirty of Population**
 Sikhism • Islam
 **Minority**
 belive in Hinduism
- **related groups**: Vohra (caste) , Vohra , Bhandari  including many other members
Özgür Özel

**Özgür Özel** (born 21 September 1974) is a Turkish politician. He is the currently leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP) and the leader of the Main Opposition in Turkey. He has been the Member of Parliament for Manisa since 2011.

Since 2011, he has served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Manisa in Turkey's Grand National Assembly (TBMM). From June 24, 2015, to June 3, 2023, he was the Deputy Chair of the Republican People's Party (CHP) parliamentary group, managing the party's activities in TBMM. On June 3, 2023, he was elected as the CHP parliamentary group leader. Later, on November 5, 2023, he defeated Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu by 276 votes to become the CHP chairman at the party's 38th congress.

In the first elections under his leadership, CHP increased its vote share by 12%, becoming the leading party for the first time since 1977.

## Other websites

- CHP official website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Özgür Özel
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of Parliament, MP
- **caption**: Özgür Özel in 2023
- **birth place**: Manisa, Turkey
- **office**: Leader of the Main Opposition
- **term start**: 8 November 2023
- **predecessor**: Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
- **office2**: Leader of the Republican People's Party
- **term start2**: 8 November 2023
- **predecessor2**: Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
- **office3**: Member of the Turkish Parliament
- **term start3**: 28 June 2011
- **nationality**: Turkey, Turkish
- **party**: Republican People's Party (Turkey), Republican People's Party
- **spouse**: Didem Özel
- **children**: İpek Özel
- **residence**: Ankara
- **profession**: Politician, pharmacist
- **alma mater**: Ege University, Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy
- **signature**: Özgür Özel signature.svg
- **website**: [http://ozgurozel.org/ ozgurozel.org]
Ted McGinley

**Theodore Martin McGinley** (born May 30, 1958) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Jefferson D'Arcy on the television sitcom _Married... with Children_ and as Charley Shanowski on the ABC sitcom _Hope & Faith_. He also plays Derek on the Apple TV+ comedy drama series _Shrinking_.

McGinley was born in Newport Beach, California. He married actress Gigi Rice in 1991. They have two sons, Beau and Quinn.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ted McGinley
- **image**: Ted McGinley 2016 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: McGinley in 2016
- **birth name**: Theodore Martin McGinley
- **birth place**: Newport Beach, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1980–present
- **children**: 2
Fédry

**Fédry** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Ferrières-lès-Ray

**Ferrières-lès-Ray** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Ferrières-lès-Scey

**Ferrières-lès-Scey** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Les Fessey

**Les Fessey** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Filain, Haute-Saône

**Filain** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Filain

**Filain** is the name of two communes in France:
- Filain, Aisne
- Filain, Haute-Saône
Flagy, Haute-Saône

**Flagy** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Queen Mary (cocktail)

A **Queen Mary** is a type of cocktail that is made by mixing grenadine and beer, and then adding maraschino cherries as a garnish. Pink beer foam can form at the top of the beer glass. This beer cocktail is sweet and is usually served cold.
Microsoft Learn

**Microsoft Learn** is a library of technical and training documentation and a strategic initiative from Microsoft Corporation for end users and developers by offering a variety of educational resources and training courses. Microsoft Learn was introduced in September 2018. In 2022, the Microsoft Docs, which had replaced MSDN and TechNet in 2016, moved to Microsoft Learn.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Microsoft Learn Blog

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Microsoft Learn
- **commercial**: Yes
- **type**: Knowledge base
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Microsoft
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **current status**: Online
- **language**: Multiple languages
Beer cocktail

A **beer cocktail** is a cocktail that is made with beer and other ingredients. The main ingredient is usually beer, such as in the Queen Mary, which also uses grenadine.
Brackets (text editor)

**Brackets** is a text editor from the Adobe company, intended for editing JavaScript, HTML and CSS. The source code of Brackets is written using web technologies (JavaScript, HTML and CSS) and is distributed under the MIT license. The editor is designed as a separate desktop application, for which deb, dmg, and msi packages are prepared for Linux, OS X, and Windows.

Brackets supports Live development mode, where editable content (JavaScript, HTML, and CSS) is immediately displayed in a browser window synchronized with the editor as it changes - the developer can change the content and immediately see what the consequences of these changes are. Debugging can also be performed synchronously with the browser, the developer can set a breakpoint or roll back a step when viewing the results. There is built-in support for LESS and SCSS preprocessors. The interface uses a system of context-sensitive tools that appear as needed in the main development window. To expand the editor's capabilities, a system of add-ons is being developed.

## Other websites

- List of Brackets extensions
- Brackets Developer Forum ()

## Infobox (software)

- **title**: Brackets
- **logo**: Brackets_Icon.svg
- **logo alt**: Brackets logo
- **developer**: Adobe Systems
- **programming language**: HTML, CSS and JavaScript
- **operating system**: Mac OS, Mac, Microsoft Windows, Windows and Linux
- **language count**: 31
- **genre**: Text editor
- **license**: MIT License
Cadillac CT4

The **Cadillac CT4** is a compact Sedan made by Cadillac. It replaced the Cadillac ATS sedan and is smaller than the CT5 in Cadillac’s lineup. The CT4-V, a high-performance version, was introduced on May 30, 2019, and the regular CT4 followed in September 2019. The CT4 is built in the United States at the Lansing Grand River Assembly plant and in China at the SAIC-GM Jinqiao plant.

## CT4-V

The CT4-V is a sportier version of the CT4, unveiled in May 2019. It has a 2.7-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine, producing 325 horsepower and 380 lb-ft of torque. The CT4-V offers higher performance compared to the standard CT4.

## CT4-V Blackwing

The CT4-V Blackwing is a more powerful version of the CT4-V, replacing the ATS-V. It is equipped with a 3.6-liter twin-turbo V6 engine, producing 472 horsepower and 445 lb-ft of torque. The CT4-V Blackwing can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in as little as 3.9 seconds. This model is available with a 6-speed manual transmission or a 10-speed automatic.

## Markets

The Cadillac CT4 is sold mainly in North America but its also sold in The Middle East South Korea and China.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Cadillac CT4
- **image**: 2023 Cadillac CT4 Luxury+ in Summit White, front left.jpg
- **manufacturer**: General Motors
- **production**: 2019–present
- **model years**: 2020–present
- **assembly**: United States: Lansing, Michigan (Lansing Grand River Assembly)
China: Jinqiao, Jinqiao, Shanghai (SAIC-GM)
- **designer**: Aaron Riggs and Dillon Blanski
- **class**: Compact executive car (D-segment, D)
- **body style**: 4-door sedan (car), sedan
- **platform**: GM Alpha platform, GM Alpha
- **layout**: Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
- **transmission**: 6-speed _Tremec TR-6060 transmission, TR-6060_ manual (CT4 V Blackwing option)
8-speed _GM 8L45 transmission, 8L45_ automatic
 10-speed Ford-GM 10-speed automatic transmission, Hydra-Matic _10L90_ automatic
- **weight**: (CT4-V, RWD)
- **predecessor**: Cadillac ATS
 Cadillac ATS-V (CT4-V Blackwing)
Anachronism

An **anachronism** is a person or thing that is out of place in time. The term is often used in movies or television program when they show a person using something that wasn't invented yet. For example, in the movie _The Green Mile_, which is set in 1935, they are shown using an electric chair, which wasn't used until 1940.
Cadillac Optiq

The **Cadillac Optiq** is a battery electric compact luxury Crossover SUV produced by General Motors and marketed under the Cadillac brand. It is made in a joint venture with SAIC-GM and has been available in China since late 2023. The vehicle will be released in North America in 2024.

## Powertrain

The Optiq offers several electric motor options. In China, it is available with two front-wheel-drive (FWD) powertrains producing 204 hp (150 kW) and 242 hp (180 kW). The all-wheel-drive (AWD) version has two motors, producing 283 hp (211 kW) in China and 301 hp (224 kW) in North America. The vehicle is powered by an Ultium battery, available in sizes from 68.4 kWh to 85 kWh, providing a maximum range of up to 373 miles (600 km).

## Key Features

The Optiq is designed as a more affordable entry-level electric vehicle for Cadillac. It has a dual motor AWD system, with a 300 hp (224 kW) total output in North America. The vehicle is equipped with fast charging capabilities, allowing up to 79 miles of range to be added in just 10 minutes using a DC fast charger. It also features a 1,500 lb (680 kg) towing capacity and comes with 20-inch wheels, with an option for 21-inch wheels.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Cadillac Optiq
- **image**: Cadillac Optiq 001.jpg
- **manufacturer**: General Motors SAIC-GM
- **production**: 2023–present
- **class**: Compact executive car, Compact luxury crossover SUV
- **body style**: 5-door SUV
- **platform**: GM BEV3
- **motor**: Permanent magnet Syncronus motor
- **battery**: 68.4 / 79.7 / 85 kWh 10-modules Ultium Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides, Lithium Ternary (NMC)
- **range**: Maximum
Acura ZDX

The **Acura ZDX** is a mid-size luxury Crossover SUV developed by Honda for its premium brand, Acura. The first-generation ZDX was introduced in 2009 as a 2010 model and was sold until 2013. It was notable for its unique design, featuring a sloping rear roofline. The second generation of the ZDX, launched in 2024, marks the brand’s first electric vehicle and is co-developed with General Motors using the Ultium platform.

## First Generation (2009-2013)

The first-generation ZDX was designed with a coupe-like roofline and was based on the Honda Pilot and Acura MDX. It was powered by a 3.7-liter V6 engine, producing 300 hp and paired with a six-speed automatic transmission. It offered all-wheel drive and featured several luxury features, such as leather upholstery, a panoramic roof, and advanced safety systems. Despite its innovative design, the ZDX was discontinued in 2013 due to poor sales, with just over 7,000 units sold in North America.

## Second Generation (2024-Present)

The second-generation ZDX debuted in 2023 as an electric vehicle (EV), marking a significant shift for Acura. It shares components with the Cadillac Lyriq and Chevrolet Blazer EV, including its powertrain and platform. The ZDX offers three powertrain options: a single-motor rear-wheel drive with 358 hp, an all-wheel drive with 490 hp, and the high-performance Type S variant with 500 hp. All versions are powered by a 102 kWh Ultium battery, providing an electric range of up to 313 miles. The ZDX features cutting-edge technology, including Google Built-in and the AcuraWatch 360+ system, with hands-free driving capabilities.

## Markets

The Acura ZDX is sold only in the North American market.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Acura ZDX
- **image**: 2011 Acura ZDX -- NHTSA.jpg
- **caption**: 2011 Acura ZDX Advance
- **manufacturer**: Acura (Honda, first generation)
 General Motors (second generation)
- **class**: Executive car, Mid-size luxury crossover SUV
- **production**: 2009–2013
2024–present
- **model years**: 2010–2013
2024–present


## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: First generation
- **image**: 2010 Acura ZDX Advance -- NHTSA 2.jpg
- **production**: 2009–2013
- **model years**: 2010–2013
- **assembly**: Alliston, Ontario, Canada (Honda of Canada Manufacturing, HCM)
- **designer**: Michelle Christensen
- **engine**: 3.7 L _Honda J37, J37A5_ V6 engine, V6 (Petrol engine, gasoline)
- **transmission**: 6-speed Automatic transmission, automatic
- **layout**: Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout, Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
- **related**: Acura MDX
Honda Pilot
- **successor**: Acura RDX
Acura MDX
- **model code**: YB1


## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Second generation
- **image**: 2024 Acura ZDX Type S in Cosmic Black Metallic, front right, 2024-11-06.jpg
- **caption**: 2024 Acura ZDX Type S
- **production**: March 2024 – present
- **assembly**: United States: Spring Hill, Tennessee (Spring Hill Manufacturing)
- **platform**: General Motors BEV3 platform, GM BEV3
- **motor**: Permanent magnet motor
- **battery**: 102 kWh Ultium lithium-ion
- **electric range**: Up to  EPA
Acura TLX

The **Acura TLX** is a mid-size luxury sedan made by Acura, the luxury car division of Honda. It was first introduced in 2014 as a replacement for both the Acura TL and Acura TSX. The TLX comes with various features and options, including different engines and drive systems. As of 2021, it is the flagship sedan for Acura after the discontinuation of the RLX.

## First Generation (2015–2020)

The first generation of the TLX started in 2014 and was built in the United States. It was available with two engine options: a 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine and a 3.5-liter V6 engine. The 2.4-liter engine was paired with a dual-clutch transmission, while the V6 had a 9-speed automatic transmission. The TLX offered both front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive options. The 2017 model received a facelift with updated styling and new technology, such as Apple CarPlay and Android Auto.

## Second Generation (2021–Present)

The second generation of the TLX was introduced in 2020 with a new design and improved features. It offers a 2.0-liter turbocharged four-cylinder engine and a more powerful 3.0-liter turbocharged V6 engine for the Type S version. The Type S trim has enhanced performance features, including a sportier suspension. And The 2021 TLX also includes a new infotainment system and improved safety features.

## Markets

Currently The Acura TLX is sold only in North America.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Acura TLX
- **image**: 2021 Acura TLX Advance, front 7.8.22.jpg
- **caption**: 2021 Acura TLX
- **manufacturer**: Acura (Honda)
- **production**: July 2014 – present
- **model years**: 2015–present
- **class**: Entry-level luxury car
- **body style**: 4-door Sedan (automobile), sedan
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout, Front-engine, all-wheel-drive (SH-AWD)
- **predecessor**: Acura TL
Acura TSX


## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: First generation
- **aka**: Acura TLX-L (China)
- **image**: 2015 Acura TLX (front left).jpg
- **caption**: 2015 TLX
- **model code**: UB1/2/3/4
- **assembly**: United States: Marysville, Ohio (Marysville Auto Plant)
 Guangzhou, China (Guangqi Honda)
- **production**: July 2014 – 2020
- **model years**: 2015–2020
- **transmission**: 8-speed dual clutch transmission, dual clutch (I4)
 9-speed ZF Friedrichshafen, ZF ZF 9HP transmission, 9HP automatic transmission, automatic (V6)
- **related**: Honda Accord (ninth generation)
- **weight**: (I4, Four-wheel steering, P-AWS)
  (V6, P-AWS)
  (V6, SH-AWD)
  (China)
- **designer**: Jarad Hall (2011)


## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Second generation
- **image**: 2021 Acura TLX SH-AWD, front 4.1.21.jpg
- **caption**: 2021 TLX SH-AWD
- **model code**: UB5/6/7
- **assembly**: United States: Marysville, Ohio (Marysville Auto Plant)
- **production**: August 2020 – present
- **model years**: 2021–present
- **transmission**: 10-speed automatic transmission, automatic
- **weight**: (I4, FWD)
 (I4, SH-AWD
 (V6 Turbo, Acura A-Spec and Type-S models, Type S)
- **designer**: Ben Davidson (2018)
- **powerout**: (2.0T I4)
 (3.0T V6)
Cristina Bravo

**Cristina Bravo Castro** (Talca, April 26, 1976) is a Chilean social worker and politician, member of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC). She currently serves as Regional Governor of Maule and vice president of the Association of Regional Governors (AGORECHI).1

Previously, she served as Regional Councilor for the province of Curicó (2018-2020) and Provincial Governor of this province during the second government of Michelle Bachelet.

## Biography

Bravo was born in Talca, she lived in this city all her life until she was 18, when she left for Curicó to study Social Work at the Nuestra Señora del Carmen campus of the Catholic University of Maule, settling in that city permanently. She has a postgraduate degree in Sexual Harassment from the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and a Master's degree in State Modernization from UTEM, in Santiago.

Professionally, she has worked as an official of the Fund for Solidarity and Social Investment, in the National Service for Women and Gender Equality and as regional director of the Civil Registry and Identification Service, being the youngest person to perform this role.

She is from Curica by adoption, married to Osvaldo Alcázar, with whom she has two children, Florencia Alcázar Bravo and Santiago Alcázar Bravo. Her mother was a housewife and her father was a gendarmerie officer.

## Political career

In 2014, she was appointed Governor of the province of Curicó by President Michelle Bachelet. She remained in office until 2017, when she resigned to run for Regional Councilor for the same province, being elected with 8.04% of the valid votes cast.

She resigned from her position as Regional Councilor in 2020 to run as a candidate for the newly created position of Regional Governor of Maule.2 After winning the regional primaries of the Unidad Constituyente coalition, she was proclaimed candidate for the elections to be held in 2021, elections in which she won both in the first and second rounds, defeating the populist candidate, Francisco Pulgar (Ind.).

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Cristina Bravo
- **office**: Governor Regional Maule
- **term start**: July 14, 2021
- **term end**: January 6, 2025
- **successor**: Pedro Álvarez-Salamanca Ramírez
- **predecessor**: Creation of the position
- **office2**: Regional Councilor Maule
- **term start2**: March 11, 2018
- **term end2**: July 7, 2020
- **birth place**: Talca, Chile
- **occupation**: Politics and social worker
- **party**: Christian Democratic Party
- **children**: 2; Florence and Santiago
- **caption**: Cristina Bravo in 2021
- **width**: 300px
Regional Governor of Maule

The **Governor of the Maule Region** is the authority elected by popular vote through universal suffrage to exercise the government of the Maule Region, Chile, as its natural and immediate representative in said territory. He also participates in the administration of the region, as a body that integrates the Maule Regional Government.

## History

A constitutional reform of 20171 provided for the popular election of the executive body of the regional government, creating the position of regional governor and establishing a regional presidential delegation, headed by a regional presidential delegate, who represents the executive branch and supervises the regions together with the provincial presidential delegates. After the first regional elections in 2021, and since the elected regional governors assumed their functions, on July 14, 2021,2 the position of mayor disappeared.

## Powers and Competencies

Among the duties that a regional governor must perform are the following:

Assuming the role of Head of Service of the Regional Government (being a judicial representative, appointing officials, etc.).

He will have regulatory powers, the most relevant being to request the Central Government to transfer powers in ministries and public services to his Regional Government.

He will have the powers to plan, such as the regional development policy or the regional land use plan; another task that he will be in charge of is the regional budget.

He will have to coordinate, supervise and inspect the public services that may be created in the future, and that depend on or are related to the Regional Government.

## Governors of the Maule Region

|No.|Governor(a)|Party|Start|End|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Cristina Bravo Castro||PDC|July 14, 2021|_January 6, 2025_||
|||Pedro Álvarez-Salamanca Ramírez||UDI|January 6, 2025|_ Current_|

## Related pages

- Maule Region

## Infobox (official post)

- **name**: Maule Regional Governor
- **insignia**: Coat_of_arms_of_Maule_Region,_Chile.svg
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of arms of the Maule Region.
- **image**: Pedro Pablo Álvarez-Salamanca Ramírez.jpg
- **incumbent**: Pedro Álvarez-Salamanca Ramírez
- **first**: Cristina Bravo Castro
- **incumbentsince**: January 6, 2025
- **termlength**: 4 years, with the possibility of re-election for a maximum of 1 consecutive term (maximum 8 years)
- **imagesize**: 280px
Pedro Álvarez-Salamanca Ramírez

**Pedro Pablo Álvarez-Salamanca Ramírez** (born February 18, 1976 in Talca) is a Chilean businessman, politician and former member of the Independent Democratic Union (UDI) and governor-elect of the Maule Region

## Early life

He is the son of Pedro Pablo Álvarez-Salamanca Büchi, who was a deputy for the 38th district until his death (2008) and Luz María Ramírez Sepúlveda, who also served in public service, as mayor of the commune of San Clemente (2000-2004). He is single and has two brothers.

He did his basic and secondary studies at the English School of Talca, where he graduated in 1994. He then entered the Faculty of Law of the Mariano Egaña University of Santiago, from where he graduated, later doing his professional practice at the Judicial Assistance Corporation of Curepto. In addition, he has dedicated himself to the agricultural company as a partner of Agrícola La Florida, in the wine sector.

## Political career

He began in politics as chief of staff of his father's campaigns, in the 2001 and 2005 elections. He was a member of National Renewal (RN) until 2009, when he resigned from the party as a result of the designation of Catalina Parot as a candidate for deputy for the 38th district, competing with her in the elections of the same year, in a quota of the Independent Democratic Union (UDI).

Deputy for District 38, corresponding to the communes of Constitución, Curepto, Empedrado, Maule, Pelarco, Pencahue, Río Claro, San Clemente and San Rafael. In this period (2010-2014) he was a member of the permanent commission of Interior Government, Natural Resources and Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development. Re-elected for District 38 in the 2013 parliamentary elections, he was a member of the standing committees of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development, Water Resources and Desertification and Fisheries, Aquaculture and Maritime Interests.

After the reform of the binomial system, during the 2017 parliamentary elections he was elected Deputy for District 17, corresponding to the communes of Constitución, Curepto, Curicó, Empedrado, Hualañé, Licantén, Maule, Molina, Pelarco, Pencahue, Rauco, Río Claro, Romeral, Sagrada Familia, San Clemente, San Rafael, Talca, Teno, Vichuquén, being the second majority in the district. In accordance with the provisions of Law 21,238, he was unable to run for a fourth consecutive term.

On July 29, 2024, he registered his candidacy for Governor for the Maule Region on behalf of the Chile Vamos pact in a quota of the Independent Democratic Union (UDI), this after fruitless negotiations with Juan Eduardo Prieto, independent candidate.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Pedro Pablo Álvarez-Salamanca Ramírez
- **image**: Pedro Pablo Álvarez-Salamanca Ramírez.jpg
- **office**: Governor Regional Maule
- **term start**: January 6, 2025
- **predecessor**: Cristina Bravo
- **birth place**: Talca, Chile
- **occupation**: Politics
- **party**: National Renewal (2000-2009)
 Independent Democratic Union (2010-)
- **parents**: Pedro Pablo Álvarez-Salamanca Büchi
Luz María Ramírez Sepúlveda
Marguerite Patouillet

**Marguerite Patouillet** (13 June 1899 — 8 May 1950) was a French track and field athlete. She was specialized in the high jump and long jump but also competed in the 80 meters. She was active during the 1920s, during the early era of women's athletics. She had multiple international victories. Next to that she was four times national champion and national record holder in the high jump.

### Career

Patouillet represented France at international competitions between 1923 and 1926. After competing at the 1923 France–Great Britain women's athletics match (4th in high jump) and at the 1924 France–Belgium women's athletics match (4th in long jump) she won the high jump at the 1924 France–Czechoslovakia women's athletics competition and finished at this meeting second in the long jump event behind Czech Marie Mejzlíková II. She won the high jump event at the 1925 Belgium–France women's athletics match in a new national record of 1.50 meter, ahead of Belgian Elise van Truyen. At the 1926 France–Belgium women's athletics competition she won the high jump event ahead of Van Truyen. In 1926 she competed in the 80 metres and high jump at the 1926 Brussels Femina Club international women's athletics meeting and in high jump at the 1926 Paris international women's athletics meeting.

At the 1924 National Athletics Championships she became national champion in the high jump and long jump. The next year at the 1925 championships she won again the national title in high jump and became also national champion in the standing long jump.

She improved three times the French national record in the high jump. The first time was on 14 July 1924 with a height of 1.45 meters. The next year she improved it to 1.47 meters on 7 June 1925 and later to 1.50 meter on 2 August 1925. Her record was broken in August 1926.

### Personal life

Patrouillet was born in the 14th arrondissement of Paris on 13 June 1899. Her father Edmond Louis Patouillet was a butcher and her mother Camille Rosa Louet a giletière. She didn’t marry. She died at home in the 17th arrondissement on  on 8 May 1950 at the age of 50 years old.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Marguerite Patouillet
- **image**: Marguerite Patouillet 1927 Portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Patouillet in 1927
- **headercolor**: #d7ecff
- **country**: France
- **birth place**: Paris (14th arrondissement of Paris, 14th), France
- **death place**: Paris (17th arrondissement of Paris, 17th), France
- **sport**: Track and field athletics
- **event**: high jump, long jump, sprint
Jax-Ur

**Jax-Ur** is fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is an adversary of the superhero Superman.

## Publication history

The character was created by Otto Binder and George Papp, first appearing in _Adventure Comics_ #289 (1961).

## Fictional character biography

He is a Kryptonian super-criminal and an enemy to Superman. He was imprisoned in the Phantom Zone for destroying Wegthor, a populated moon of Krypton. This act of mass murder led him to be called the worst criminal in the Phantom Zone. Eventually he escaped to plot against Superman with his Phantom Zoner compatriots General Zod and Faora.

## Powers and abilities

Like all Kryptonians, Jax-Ur possesses incredible strength, allowing him to lift heavy objects and overpower opponents easily. He can move at superhuman speeds, making him faster than most beings. Jax-Ur is nearly indestructible and highly resistant to physical injury, able to withstand high-impact attacks without getting hurt. He can emit beams of intense heat from his eyes, capable of melting through almost anything. Jax-Ur can defy gravity and fly at incredible speeds. His senses are greatly enhanced, allowing him to see and hear with extraordinary precision. Due to his Kryptonian physiology, he ages at a much slower rate than humans.

## In other media

The character has been featured in various adaptations in different media over the years, including movies, television series, and video games as well. He made his live-action debut in the movie _Man of Steel_ (2013), portrayed by actor Mackenzie Gray.
Villafans

**Villafans** is a commune. It is in the Haute-Saône department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region. From 1826 to 1918 coal mines were operated in the village.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Villafans
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: 2016-05 - Villafans - 05.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Villafans
- **insee**: 70552
- **postal code**: 70110
- **arrondissement**: Lure
- **canton**: Villersexel
- **elevation min m**: 263
- **elevation max m**: 361
- **area km2**: 6.44
Thinker (DC Comics)

The **Thinker** is a name used by several super-villains in the DC Comics universe. The character was created by Gardner Fox and E.E. Hibbard, first appearing in _All-Flash_ #12. (1943).

The original was **Clifford DeVoe**, a genius inventor who fought the Flash using his Thinking Cap. DeVoe was a member of the Injustice Society and the Suicide Squad. **Cliff Carmichael** later used the device and became an enemy to Firestorm. **Desmond Connor** also used the name as an enemy to Batman. Following DeVoe's death, Mister Terrific used the cap to create an artificial intelligence with his personality. This AI program gained sentience, and helps Checkmate as a hologram.

## In other media

The character has been adapted from the comics into various forms of media, including television series and feature films. The Clifford DeVoe incarnation of the Thinker made his live-action debut in the television series _The Flash_, portrayed primarily by Neil Sandilands. In the DC Extended Universe, a variation of the unidentified Thinker called **Gaius Grieves** appears in _The Suicide Squad_ (2021), portrayed by Peter Capaldi.
Battle of Bali Strait

**Battle of Bali Strait** or also known as **Operations Banyuwangi-Bali Strait** was an Indonesian first amphibious warfare occured in 5 April 1946 in Bali Strait.The Battle Involved Indonesian Navy and Dutch Navy the battle resulted into indonesian victory.

## Background

Dutch and Allied forces was come to Indonesia in 2 March 1946 they Landed to Recaptured Java as center goverment but before recaptured java they landing in small island like Bali and Lesser Sunda Islands. Situation in Bali and any places get occupied by Dutch Forces with an increase the Soldier into 2.000 Soldiers.

With this Situation make the Urge in Main Base of Indonesian Soldier in Yogyakarta to instructed the Operation in Java-Bali to keep the Indonesian independence from the colonizer. The created forces of this operation was M forces (under Captain Markadi command), Captain Albert Warokka forces in Banyuwangi, and the Indonesian Soldier in Bali under Lieutenant Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai command.

Of the three companies Captain Markadi forces was selected to perform this operation, and Markadi splits his forces into 4 Division:3 Division as the combat detachment and 1 Division as the intelligence detachment.

## Incident in Bali Strait and the Operation

After feeling ready to prepare the forces they launched the Operation they troed to cross the Blockade of Dutch Navy  but the heavy rain comes and make them difficult to attack the Dutch.

2 Indonesian Ships was nearly get spotted by the Dutch Navy Markadi give the order to acting like a fisherman to distract the Dutch. After the Dutch LCM was closed to his ships he was drowning himself with the grenades, The Dutch countered the attack with the machine gun but the machine gun not effective to attack the ships.

Markadi and his forces throw the grenades into a Dutch LCM ad make heavy casualties into Dutch sides. After this Battle Markadi and his forces joining the Lieutenant Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai forces in Bali, they landed in Bali with the good reception by the civilian and soldiers.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Bali Strait
- **place**: Bali Strait, Indonesia
- **date**: 5 April 1946
- **result**: Indonesian Victory
- **commander1**: Captain Markadi
- **commander2**: Unknown
- **units1**: Indonesian Navy
- **units2**: Royal Netherlands Navy
- **strength1**: 2 Small Ships
- **strength2**: 2 LCM
- **casualties1**: Few
- **casualties2**: 4 Men Died
the LCM get fired and suffered heavy damage
- **partof**: Indonesian National Revolution
SoundOn

**SoundOn** is a music marketing and distribution platform founded in 2021 by TikTok. It mainly provides song distribution and artist services.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: SoundOn
- **logo**: File:Soundon.jpg
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **foundation**: 2021
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **owner**: TikTok
- **industry**: Music
- **products**: Online music distribution
- **services**: Open platform music distribution and publishing administration.
Breyten Breytenbach

**Breyten Breytenbach** (16 September 1939 – 24 November 2024) was a South African-French writer, poet, and painter. He was known as a dissident poet and well known critic of South Africa under apartheid. He was a political prisoner of the National Party-led South African Government. Breytenbach was born in Bonnievale, South Africa.

Breytenbach died in Paris, France on 24 November 2024 at the age of 85.

## Other websites

- A Conversation with South African Poet and Anti-Apartheid Activist Breyten Breytenbach on His Own Imprisonment, South Africa’s "Failed Revolution," Nelson Mandela and Barack Obama
- An Hour with the Renowned South African Poet, Writer, Painter and Anti-Apartheid Activist Breyten Breytenbach
- Podcast Interview with Breytenbach by André Naffis-Sahely
- Review of Voice Over: A Nomadic Conversation with Mahmoud Darwish by André Naffis-Sahely
Jean Jourden

**Jean Jourden** (11 July 1942 – 23 November 2024) was a French cyclist. He won the road race at the 1961 UCI Road World Championships. He won some minor races and rode the Tour de France in 1968 and 1969. Jourden was born Saint-Brieuc, France.

Jourden died on 23 November 2024, at the age of 82.