juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sassuntsi-Davit Tank Regiment

The **Sassuntsi-Davit Tank Regiment** (; previously the **119th Separate Rifle Tank (Mixed) Regiment**) was a Soviet separate tank regiment during the Second World War. It had a lot of ethnic Armenians in it. Other ethnic groups that were in the regiment included Azeris, but they were largely relegated to logistics support and other non-combatant roles.
Sursk

**Sursk** (, 53°05'N 45°42'E) is town in Penza Oblast, Russia. Its population is near 7,500 (2005). The town was founded in 1860.

Sursk is located on the Sura River's left bank. It is 92 km from Penza.

## Other websites

- Site about Sursk
Lipki

**Lipki** (, 53°57'N 37°42'E) is a town in Tula Oblast, Russia. Its population is about 9,700 (2005).  Lipki is located 38 km south of Tula.  The village of Lipki has been known since the 17th century.
Lage

**Lage** is a city in the Lippe district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, approximately 8 km northwest of Detmold. It has about 36,000 inhabitants.

## Twin Towns

The town is twinned with
- , Horsham.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Lage
- **type**: city
- **image photo**: Innenstadt Lage (Lippe).jpg
- **image caption**: Market square
- **image coa**: DEU Lage COA.svg
- **image plan**: Lage in LIP.svg
- **state**: Nordrhein-Westfalen
- **region**: Detmold
- **district**: Lippe
- **elevation**: 100
- **area**: 76.04
- **population**: 34671
- **stand**: 2013-12-31
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 7 66 040
- **postal code**: 32779–32791
- **area code**: 05232
- **licence**: LIP
- **website**: [http://www.lage.de www.lage.de]
- **mayor**: Christian Liebrecht
- **party**: Christian Democratic Union of Germany, CDU
Venture capital

**Venture capital** is a type of private equity capital.

Typically it is provided by outside investors to new businesses that promise to grow fast, such as start-up companies. Venture capital investments are usually high risk, but offer the potential for higher returns than other investments.

A **venture capitalist** (VC) is a person who makes such investments. A **venture capital fund** is a pooled investment vehicle (often a limited partnership) that primarily invests the financial capital of third-party investors in enterprises that are too risky for the standard capital markets or bank loans.

Venture capital can also include managerial and technical expertise. Most venture capital comes from a group of rich investors, investment banks and other financial institutions that pool such investments or partnerships. This form of raising capital is popular among new companies, or ventures.

Venture Capital firms can go public after they have reached a certain stage of growth. Given that Venture Capital firms are financial investors in portfolio companies, they are expected to add value.

## Other websites

- National Venture Capital Association
- Venture Capital Glossary
- Ricafe2  - A Research programme sponsored by the European Commission analysing venture capital.
- Venture Capital News & Blog:
Moment of inertia

**Moment of inertia** (), also called "**angular mass**" (kg·m<sup>2</sup>), is a body's resistance to angular acceleration or deceleration, equal to the product of the mass and the square of its radius measured perpendicularly to the axis of rotation.

## Related pages

- Angular momentum
- Torque

## Other websites

- Angular momentum and rigid-body rotation in two and three dimensions
- A table of moments of inertia
- Parallels between rotation and translation _HyperPhysics_
Multiple choice

**Multiple choice** questions ask people to choose the answer from a list. Tests, elections, and surveys can use multiple choice questions. Frederick J. Kelly made the first multiple choice questions in 1914 at the University of Kansas. This testing method is popular in the United States.

## Method

Multiple choice questions have 2 parts. The first part is called the stem, which is a problem to be solved or a sentence needing completion. The question is usually _straightforward_ (only a few options) and it needs review to get the right answer. The second part, the options, have 2 variations, or differences. The first is called the _key_, and is the correct answer. The other answers are called _distractors_. They are usually very close to the actual answer so they can confuse people. Multiple choice questions are used on standardized tests, and they aren't always questions. They may be math equations, incomplete sentences, or other things.

## Examples

1.

A) 0
B)	22
C) 4
D) 2

2.  Where is the Eiffel Tower?
A) London
B) Paris
C) Singapore
D) New York

Correct answers:
1 C
 2 B
Angular velocity

In physics, the **angular velocity** specifies the angular speed at which an object is rotating along with the direction in which it is rotating.

It is a vector quantity. The SI unit of angular velocity is radians per second. But it may be measured in other units as well (such as degrees per second, degrees per hour, etc.). When it is measured in cycles or rotations per unit time (e.g. revolutions per minute), it is often called the rotational velocity and its magnitude the rotational speed. Angular velocity is usually represented by the symbol omega (**Ω** or **ω**). The direction of the angular velocity vector is perpendicular to the plane of rotation, in a direction which is usually specified by the right hand rule.

## Related pages

- Angular momentum
- Angular frequency
- Gyroscope
Angular frequency

In physics, **angular frequency,_ ω, **_(also called the angular speed, radial frequency, and radian frequency) is a measure of rotation rate. A high rate of angular frequency means something is turning very fast. The angular frequency is the magnitude of the vector quantity angular velocity which is also known as angular frequency vector .

It is useful in many areas of maths and science as it allows understanding of many properties of physical objects in our world. In SI units, angular frequency is measured in radians per second, with dimensions t<sup>−1</sup> since radians are dimensionless.

## Theory

Angular frequency is often given in radians per second ()  as it is easier to work with. In this way, the angular frequency is given by,

where  is the time (period) of a single rotation (revolution) and  is the frequency.  This can be derived by considering  when  and .

If a wheel turns by an angle  in a time  then the angular frequency at any moment is given by,

If the rotation speed is constant, this becomes,

and so it is similar to a speed.

For objects which are going in circles, the angular frequency may also be given as (in radians),

where  is the speed and  is the distance from the center of the circle.

This can be derived by considering  where  is the distance along the arc.

Thus

where  is the velocity.

## Examples

The angular frequency is important in determining whether an object can stay above the ground against gravity, or whether a spinning top can stay standing. It also is important in creating the frequency of mains electricity supplies and reducing the heat due to friction in engines.

### Satellites

Objects are pulled towards the earth because of gravity. To oppose this, a satellite must go fast enough it misses the ground. For the forces to equal each other,

where  is the mass of the larger body and  is the Gravitational constant. To make a circle, the angular frequency must be equal to,

which leads to one of Johannes Kepler's Laws.

### Mains Supplies

Generators in power station<nowiki/>s rotate at some frequency.  The speed at which they turn gives us the utility frequency of our electricity supply.  These can be slowed by large brakes or big heavy wheels which stop the generators from turning too quickly.

### Measurements

|Name|Symbol|Definition|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Radians per second|||
|Revolutions per minute|||
|Frequency per second|||
|Degrees per second|||

## Related pages

- Frequency
- Radian
- Angular velocity
- Angular momentum
Pseudovector

In physics and mathematics, a **pseudovector** (or **axial vector**) is a quantity that transforms like a vector under a proper rotation, but gains an additional sign flip under an improper rotation (a transformation that can be expressed as an inversion followed by a proper rotation).

## Physical examples

Physical examples of pseudovectors include the magnetic field, torque, vorticity, and the angular momentum.

## References

<div class="references-small">
- George B. Arfken and Hans J. Weber, _Mathematical Methods for Physicists_ (Harcourt: San Diego, 2001). ()
- John David Jackson, _Classical Electrodynamics_ (Wiley: New York, 1999). ()
- Susan M. Lea, "Mathematics for Physicists" (Thompson: Belmont, 2004) ()
</div>
Twister (1996 movie)

***Twister*** is a 1996 American disaster movie directed by Jan de Bont, and based upon a screenplay by Michael Crichton and Anne-Marie Martin. It follows a group of storm chasers attempting to prevent all tornadoes from destroying everything in Oklahoma. The movie has a famous scene of a flying cattle. It is a scene that was the subject of many parodies. It was the first movie to be commercially released on DVD and the last movie released on HD DVD. A standalone sequel, _Twisters_ was released in 2024.

## Home media

_Twister_ was released in VHS by Warner Home Video in October 1996. It was later released on DVD on March 26, 1997. It is considered to be the first home release of a movie to use this now widely-used optical media technology.

## Other websites

- Official site for the film

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Twister
- **director**: Jan de Bont
- **producer**: Ian Bryce
Michael Crichton
Kathleen Kennedy (movie producer), Kathleen Kennedy
- **writer**: Michael Crichton
Anne-Marie Martin
- **starring**: Helen Hunt
Bill Paxton
Jami Gertz
Cary Elwes
Philip Seymour Hoffman
Alan Ruck
- **music**: Van Halen
Flea (musician), Flea
Mark Mancina
Anthony Kiedis (uncredited)
Dave Navarro (uncredited)
Chad Smith (uncredited)
Gioacchino Rossini
Ennio Morricone
- **cinematography**: Jack N. Green
- **editing**: Michael Kahn
- **production companies**: Warner Bros., Warner Bros. Pictures
Universal Studios, Universal Pictures
Amblin Entertainment
Constant c Productions
- **distributor**: Warner Bros. (United States)
Universal Studios (International)
- **released**: May 10, 1996 (Warner Bros.; USA)
- **runtime**: 113 minutes
- **country**: USA
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, US$92,000,000 (estimated)
- **gross**: $494,471,524
Spoke

A **spoke** is one of several rods radiating from the center of a wheel (the hub where the axle connects), connecting the hub with the round traction surface.

The term originally meant the portions of a log which one had split lengthwise into four or six sections.  The radial members of a wagon wheel were made by carving a spoke (from a log) into their finished shape.  Eventually, the term spoke was applied to the finished product of the wheelwright's work.

## Other websites

These pages are in German:
- Hub dynamo assembly instructions with spoke length formula and a nice diagram
- Online spoke length calculator, uses slightly different measures than the above formula
Examination

An **examination** (exam) is a test. Many things may be examined, but the word is most often used for an assessment of a person. It measures a test-taker's knowledge, skill, aptitude, physical fitness or ability or standing in some other topic. It is a set of questions designed to measure those things. Examinations change and evolve. They have been used since ancient times.

In its widest sense, to examine is to look at something very carefully, perhaps to find the cause of a problem.  Someone who is ill may need to go to a doctor for a medical examination. A mechanic may examine a machine to find why it is not working properly.

In education an examination is a test to show the knowledge and ability of a student. A student who takes an examination is a candidate. The person who decides how well the student has performed is the **examiner**. An examination may be a written test, an on-screen test or a practical test.  Examples of a practical test may be: driving a car, speaking a language, playing a musical instrument and doing a scientific experiment. An on-screen test is a test which uses the computer.

If the candidate is successful he will have passed the examination. If he is unsuccessful he will have failed. In some cases it is possible for a student who has failed to take the exam again another time.

A student who passes an examination may get a certificate or diploma. Some certificates are professional qualifications, allowing the person to do a particular job, e.g. plumber, teacher, doctor, lawyer.
Super Smash Bros. Brawl

***Super Smash Bros. Brawl*** (commonly known as **SSBB** or **Brawl**) is the third video game in the _Super Smash Bros._ series. It was made by Sora and published by Nintendo for the Wii video game console.

### Characters

There are 39 characters in _Brawl_. 25 characters are unlocked at the start, and 14 characters are hidden and have to be unlocked by the player. Most of the characters from the second game in the series, _Super Smash Bros. Melee_, are also in Brawl. Some characters from _Melee_ (Mewtwo, Roy, Dr. Mario, Pichu, and Young Link) are not in Brawl. Two new characters (Solid Snake and Sonic the Hedgehog) were in games that Nintendo did not own. The game is best known for the tripping mechanic (fighters will trip at random when running), introducing third-party characters, and the Smash Ball

### Items

Like the other _Super Smash Bros._ games, items appear in the middle of the game that characters can use. However, _Brawl_ adds many more items, such as the "Assist Trophy" (where a character appears to help players defeat opponents) and the "Smash Ball", an item that lets players use a powerful attack called a "Final Smash".

## Other websites

- Super Smash Bros. Wiki

## Infobox (video game)

- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **director**: Masahiro Sakurai
- **series**: _Super Smash Bros._
- **platforms**: Wii
- **released**: **Original release:**
**Nintendo Selects:**

- **genre**: Fighting game, Fighting
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
Final Fantasy Tactics Advance

***Final Fantasy Tactics Advance*** is a role-playing game made by Square Enix for the Nintendo Game Boy Advance. The story of the game is about four children who are pulled into their friends' dream by a magical book.  The player plays as the boy Marche, his friend Montblanc, and many other characters who can join a player's group.
X-Men (movie)

***X-Men*** is a 2000 superhero movie based upon the fictional characters the X-Men. The movie is about mutants who are the next evolutionary step of humanity. These mutants are feared and hated by most of humanity.

The movie was directed by Bryan Singer. It deals with the ideas of prejudice and discrimination in the United States. The screenplay was written by David Hayter. A sequel, _X2_, was released in 2003 and a third movie, _X-Men: The Last Stand_, was released in 2006. A fourth film, _X-Men: Days of Future Past_. A prequel trilogy has been made, the prequel series is currently formed by _X-Men: First Class_, _X-Men: Apocalypse_ and _Dark Phoenix_.

## Plot

Professor Charles Xavier (the world's most powerful telepath) takes gifted children and teaches them to control their powers for good. He does this at Xavier's Academy for Gifted Youngsters, his school for mutants. This school is the home to the X-Men. The story is about the X-Men trying to stop Erik Lehnsherr (also known as Magneto), a mutant who blames humanity for the death of his family during the Holocaust. Magneto does not believe that humans and mutants can live together in peace. He builds a machine that turns humans into mutants.

## Cast

- Hugh Jackman as Logan / Wolverine
- Patrick Stewart as Professor Charles Xavier
- Anna Paquin as Marie D'Ancanto / Rogue
- Ian McKellen as Erik Lehnsherr / Magneto
- Bruce Davison as Senator Kelly
- James Marsden as Scott Summers / Cyclops
- Famke Janssen as Dr. Jean Grey
- Halle Berry as Ororo Munroe / Storm
- Rebecca Romijn-Stamos as Mystique
- Ray Park as Toad
- Tyler Mane as Sabretooth
- Shawn Ashmore as Bobby Drake / Iceman

### Filming

Filming took place from September 22, 1999 to March 3, 2000 in Toronto. Wolverine's claws required a full silicone cast of Hugh Jackman's arm, and 700 versions for Jackman and his stunt doubles.

### Music

Bryan Singer asked John Williams to compose the music for the movie, but Williams was too busy composing for _Saving Private Ryan_.

## Reactions and box office

The movie was one of the biggest hits of 2000. It earned more than $296 million worldwide and was the 8th highest grossing movie in the United States that year.

## Other websites

- TheXverse.com:  X-Men Movie News
- X-Men on Disney.com
- X-Men on Marvel.com
- X-Men Comics Message Board

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: X-Men
- **director**: Bryan Singer
- **producer**: Ralph Winter
Avi Arad
Richard Donner
Tom DeSanto
 Lauren Shuler Donner
- **writer**: **Comic Book:**
Stan Lee
Jack Kirby
**Story:**
Tom DeSanto
Bryan Singer
**Screenplay:**
David Hayter
- **starring**: Patrick Stewart
Hugh Jackman
Ian McKellen
Halle Berry
 Famke Janssen
James Marsden
Bruce Davison
Rebecca Romijn
Anna Paquin
- **studio**: Walt Disney Pictures
Marvel Studios, Marvel Enterprises
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Buena Vista Pictures
- **released**: July 14, 2000
- **runtime**: 104 min.
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **music**: Michael Kamen
- **cinematography**: Newton Thomas Sigel
- **editing**: Steven Rosenblum
Kevin Sitt
John Wright (film editor), John Wright
- **budget**: $75 million
Riding (division)

In the United Kingdom, a **riding** is a division of certain large historic counties.  It is usually one of three parts; the word itself comes from Old English _trithing_ (itself from Old Norse _thrithjungr_) which means 'third part'.

Several counties are divided into ridings, but are usually governed by a council bearing the same name as the county.  However, the ridings of Yorkshire are so large that each riding was given its own county council.  Thus there were county councils for the East Riding, the North Riding and the West Riding.  In 1974 when all the administrative counties of England and Wales were reorganised, these councils were replaced by six new ones within Yorkshire (either wholly or in part) called North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Cleveland, Durham and Humberside.

In Canada, a riding is a federal constituency, or _electoral division_ as they are known in Canada.
Pulkkila

**Pulkkila** is a former municipality in Northern Finland. It was in Northern Ostrobothnia, _Pohjois-Pohjanmaa_, Oulu province, Finland, and its original name (with diacritics) is Pulkkila. The population of Pulkkila is about 1,600. Pulkkila is best known for its metal works.
 Pulkkila is about 90 kilometres (56 miles) south from Oulu and 250 kilometres (160 mi) north from Jyväskylä.

Since 2009, it was merged to form the new municipality of Siikalatva.

It was founded in 1867.
Emmental cheese

**Emmental cheese** (sometimes also called **Emmentaler** or **Emmenthal**) is a Swiss cheese. It first came from Switzerland. It is named after the _Emmental_, the valley of a river, near Berne. Emmental cheese was first made around 1353 when Bern joined the confederacy.

Today, most cheese-producing countries make a cheese called _Emmental cheese_ - These cheeses often have little in common with the original though, except for the holes in the cheese. In 1882 was the first time, products could be protected in Europe. Already at that time, Emmentaler was made in countries other than Switzerland.

Emmental cheese is amongst the best-known types of cheese. It is made from cow's milk. Two of the features that make Emmental distinctive are its holes and sweetness. The holes are there because of the way the cheese is made with bacteria which produce the cheese and over time (usually several months) create bubbles of carbon dioxide gas.

Today, Switzerland, France, Austria, and Germany produce Emmental cheeses that have a Protected Designation of Origin. In Switzerland, Austria and Germany, untreated milk is used; most of the other countries use pasteurized milk. About 12 litres of milk are needed to make 1 kg of cheese.

Emmental is produced in loaves of 70–80 kg. Usually, Emmental cheese is left to ripen for a period of 6–7 weeks. Ripening it for 8–12 weeks gives a more spicy (salty) cheese. In Europe, about 464 200 tons of Emmental are produced each year. This means that about 6% of the total amount of milk these countries produce is used to make Emmental cheese. France is the biggest producer of Emmental. In 2005, 247 069 tons were produced there. For this, 13.1% of national milk production was used. About 19% of the production was exported.

French and Swiss people eat the most of this kind of cheese, about 3.3 kg per person per year. Germans eat about half that amount, 1.7 kg per person, per year.

Emmental is also widely used in convenience food products, because it is so widely known.

## Other websites

- How to cook Emmental cheese
- Emmental cheese review  on _Cheese Review_
- Official Website of Swiss Emmental producers
Emmental

**Emmental** is a part of Switzerland. It is made of low hills. Most of it is in the Canton of  Berne.   Its biggest rivers are the Emme and the Ilfis. The biggest localities are Burgdorf, Langnau and Huttwil.

The landscape is mostly made of meadows. There are some forests too. Most of the people live from raising cattle (mostly cows), or from things closely related to cattle-raising. Emmental cheese has its name from this region. Langnau is known for Ceramics. Pottery from the region is also well-known.

There is also some industry. The Emmental had one of the first fully-electric railway lines in Switzerland.

Jeremias Gotthelf was a  famous writer who spent most of his life in the Emmental.
2001 Pacific hurricane season

The **2001 Pacific hurricane season** officially started on May 15, 2001 in the eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 2001 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 2001. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The first storm formed on May 25 and the last storm dissipated on November 3.

There were no significant storms during the 2001 Pacific hurricane season. Hurricanes Adolph and Hurricane Juliette both reached Category 4 strength, while Juliette made landfall in the Baja California peninsula as a weak Category 1 hurricane, causing two deaths.

## Other websites

- NHC 2001 Pacific hurricane season archive
- HPC 2001 Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Pages
- Central Pacific Hurricane Center
- Gary Padgett's monthly storm summaries and best tracks

## Infobox (hurricane season)

- **first storm formed**: 25 May 2001
- **track**: 2001 Pacific hurricane season summary map.png
- **last storm dissipated**: November 3, 2001
- **strongest storm name**: Hurricane Juliette (2001), Juliette - 923 mbar, 145 mph (125 knots)
- **total storms**: 16
- **major storms**: 2
- **damages**: 12
- **fatalities**: 9
- **basin**: Pacific hurricane
- **five seasons**: 1999 Pacific hurricane season, 1999, 2000 Pacific hurricane season, 2000, **2001**, 2002 Pacific hurricane season, 2002, 2003 Pacific hurricane season, 2003
2000 Pacific hurricane season

The **2000 Pacific hurricane season** was an event in tropical cyclone meteorology. There were few notable storms this year. Tropical Storms Miriam, Norman, and Rosa all made landfall in Mexico with only small impacts. Hurricane Daniel for a short time, threatened the U.S. state of Hawaii while weakening. Hurricane Carlotta was the strongest storm of the year and the second strongest June hurricane in recorded history. It killed 18 people when it sank a ship.

## Related pages

- Tropical cyclone
- List of Pacific hurricane seasons

## Other websites

- NHC 2000 Pacific hurricane season archive
- HPC 2000 Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Pages
- Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive

## Infobox (hurricane season)

- **track**: 2000 Pacific hurricane season summary map.png
- **first storm formed**: May 22, 2000
- **last storm dissipated**: November 8, 2000
- **strongest storm name**: _Hurricane Carlotta (2000), Carlotta_ - 932 mbar, 135 knots
- **total storms**: 19
- **major storms**: 2
- **damages**: 14
- **year**: 2000
- **fatalities**: 18
- **basin**: Pacific hurricane
- **five seasons**: 1998 Pacific hurricane season, 1998, 1999 Pacific hurricane season, 1999, **2000**, 2001 Pacific hurricane season, 2001, 2002 Pacific hurricane season, 2002
1987 Pacific hurricane season

The **1987 Pacific hurricane season** officially started May 15, 1987 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1987 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1987. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.

Despite there being twenty cyclones, there were very few notable storms this year. Only three storms came anywhere near to threatening land. Hurricane Eugene was the first Pacific hurricane to make landfall in Mexico in July since at least the 1949 season. Tropical Storm Pilar and Hurricane Norma also came close to land. The remnants of Hurricanes Ramon and Norma caused rain in the Continental United States. Elsewhere, Peke was a central north Pacific hurricane that crossed the dateline and became a typhoon.

## Related pages

- Tropical cyclone
- List of Pacific hurricane seasons

## Other websites

- Unisys Weather archive for the Eastern Pacific, 1987
- Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive

## Infobox (hurricane season)

- **basin**: EPac
- **track**: 1987_Pacific_hurricane_season_summary.png
- **year**: 1987
- **first storm formed**: June 7, 1987
- **last storm dissipated**: October 3, 1987
- **strongest storm name**: #Max, Max
- **strongest storm winds**: 135
- **strongest cpac name**: Peke
- **strongest cpac winds**: 90
- **total storms**: 20
- **total hurricanes**: 10
- **total intense**: 3
- **five seasons**: 1985 Pacific hurricane season, 1985, 1986 Pacific hurricane season, 1986, **1987**, 1988 Pacific hurricane season, 1988, 1989 Pacific hurricane season, 1989
1976 Pacific hurricane season

The **1976 Pacific hurricane season** was an event in tropical cyclone formation. Hurricanes Kathleen, Liza, and Madeline are the most notable storms this year. Hurricane Kathleen caused death and destruction in California and Arizona because of flooding. Hurricane Liza was the deadliest storm of the season when it killed over 600 people in Mexico. Hurricane Madeline is notable for being the second-most intense Pacific hurricane at landfall.

## Hurricane Kathleen

Kathleen was a costly and damaging storm mainly in Nevada, California and Arizona. It also killed 7 people.

## Hurricane Liza

Liza  was very deadly and the third deadliest ever behind Hurricane Paul and the Mexico hurricane.

## Hurricane Madeline

Madeline became the third storm in the row to make landfall in Mexico. It was also the most intense.

## Other websites

- Central Pacific Hurricane Center archive
- 1976 Unisys Hurricane Archive
- Monthly Weather Review105%3C0508:EPTCO%3E2.0.CO%3B2)

## Infobox (hurricane season)

- **track**: 1976 Pacific hurricane season summary map.png
- **first storm formed**: June 3, 1976
- **last storm dissipated**: October 30, 1976
- **strongest storm name**: _Annette_ - 925 mbar (27.32 inHg)
- **total storms**: 15
- **major storms**: 5
- **damages**: 155
- **year**: 1976
- **fatalities**: 600+
- **basin**: Pacific hurricane
- **five seasons**: 1974 Pacific hurricane season, 1974, 1975 Pacific hurricane season, 1975, **1976**, 1977 Pacific hurricane season, 1977, 1978 Pacific hurricane season, 1978
Kronosaurus

***Kronosaurus*** was a large pliosaur, one of the largest. It is named after the leader of the Greek Titans, Kronos. It lived in the Lower Cretaceous.

Body-length estimates, based on the 1959 Harvard reconstruction, had put the total length of _Kronosaurus_ at 12.8 meters (42 feet). However, a recent study compared fossil specimens of _Kronosaurus_ to other pliosaurs. The Harvard reconstruction may have included too many vertebrae, exaggerating its length. Its true length was probably only 9–10.9 meters (30–36 feet).

## Other websites

- Genus _Kronosaurus_. The Plesiosaur Directory.
Riding

**Riding** has many meanings:
- Riding is a subdivision of a county.
- Riding animal is an animal trained for riding.
- Horse riding is a sport.
- Riding helmet is used for safe riding of animals.
- Riding is a Canadian name for an electoral district
Fermat number

A **Fermat number** is a special positive number. Fermat numbers are named after Pierre de Fermat. The formula that generates them is

where _n_ is a nonnegative integer. The first nine Fermat numbers are :

- _F_<sub>0</sub> = 2<sup>1</sup> + 1 = 3
- _F_<sub>1</sub> = 2<sup>2</sup> + 1 = 5
- _F_<sub>2</sub> = 2<sup>4</sup> + 1 = 17
- _F_<sub>3</sub> = 2<sup>8</sup> + 1 = 257
- _F_<sub>4</sub> = 2<sup>16</sup> + 1 = 65537
- _F_<sub>5</sub> = 2<sup>32</sup> + 1 = 4294967297 = 641 × 6700417
- _F_<sub>6</sub> = 2<sup>64</sup> + 1 = 18446744073709551617 = 274177 × 67280421310721
- _F_<sub>7</sub> = 2<sup>128</sup> + 1 = 340282366920938463463374607431768211457 = 59649589127497217 × 5704689200685129054721
- _F_<sub>8</sub> = 2<sup>256</sup> + 1 = 115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639937 = 1238926361552897 × 93461639715357977769163558199606896584051237541638188580280321

As of 2007, only the first 12 Fermat numbers have been completely factored. (written as a product of prime numbers) These factorizations can be found at Prime Factors of Fermat Numbers.

If 2<sup>_n_</sup> + 1 is prime, and _n_ > 0, it can be shown that _n_ must be a power of two.  Every prime of the form 2<sup>_n_</sup> + 1 is a Fermat number, and such primes are called **Fermat primes**. The only known Fermat primes are _F_<sub>0</sub>,...,_F_<sub>4</sub>.

## Interesting things about Fermat numbers

- No two Fermat numbers have common divisors.
- Fermat numbers can be calculated recursively: To get the Nth number, multiply all Fermat numbers before it, and add two to the result.

## What they are used for

Today, Fermat numbers can be used to generate random numbers, between 0 and some value N, which is a power of 2.

## Fermat's conjecture

Fermat, when he was studying these numbers, conjectured that all Fermat numbers were prime. This was proven to be wrong by Leonhard Euler, who factorised  in 1732.

## Other websites

- Sequence of Fermat numbers
- Prime Glossary Page on Fermat Numbers
- Generalized Fermat Prime search
- History of Fermat Numbers
- Unification of Mersenne and Fermat Numbers
- Prime Factors of Fermat Numbers
- Fermat Number at MathWorld
- Distributed Search for Fermat Number Divisors
Blowup

***Blowup*** is a 1966 British drama movie set in London. It was nominated for two Academy Award and won a Grand Prix award. It is directed by Italian movie director Michelangelo Antonioni and written by Antonioni, Toni Guerra and Edward Bond. It starred David Hemmings and Vanessa Redgrave. Carlo Ponti produced the movie. This was Antonioni's first English language movie.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Blowup
- **director**: Michelangelo Antonioni
- **producer**: Carlo Ponti
- **writer**: Michelangelo Antonioni
Toni Guerra
Edward Bond
- **starring**: David Hemmings
Vanessa Redgrave
Sarah Miles
John Castle
- **studio**: MGM
- **distributor**: Premiere Productions
- **released**: 19 December 1966
- **country**: England
Italy
- **runtime**: 119
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $1,800,000 (estimated)
Improper rotation

An **improper rotation** can be understood as an inversion followed by a proper rotation.

Equivalently it is the combination of a rotation and an inversion in a point on the axis. Therefore it is also called a **rotoinversion** or **rotary inversion**.

A simple example of an improper rotation in 3D (but not in 2D) is a coordinate inversion: x goes to −x, y to −y and z to −z. Under this transformation, a and b go to −a and −b (by the definition of a vector), but p clearly does not change. (It follows that any improper rotation multiplies p by −1 compared to the rotation's effect on a true vector.)
Inverse

**Inverse** or **Inversion** could mean:

- Inverse (program), a program for solving Inverse and Optimization problems
- Inversion (music)
- Inversion (prosody), the reversal of the order of a foot's elements

- Inversion in postcolonial theory, a discursive strategy/gesture in cultural and subaltern studies
- _Invert_, a bmx trick
- Inverted pyramid, a way to arrange information in a news story
- Inverted sugar syrup

- Anastrophe, a literary device
- Mirror image
- Roller coaster inversions, which turn riders upside-down

## Science

- Inverse (mathematics)
- Inversion (geometry), a particular type of conformal mapping
- Inverse problem, in science and mathematics, fitting a model to known data
- Inversion (geology), the relative uplift of a previously basinal area resulting from local shortening, in structural geology
- Inversion (meteorology), air temperature increasing with height
- Inversion (nuclear), The "island of inversion", a group of elements with abnormal nuclear shell structure
- Chromosomal inversion, where a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end
- Nitrogen inversion, a chemical process in which a trigonal nitrogen-containing structure turns inside-out
- Population inversion, in statistical mechanics, when a system exists in state with more members in an excited state than in lower energy states
- Sexual inversion, in biology, the switching from one sex to the opposite among some animal species.
- Sexual inversion (sexology), a term for reversal of gender roles, usually implying homosexuality, found primarily in older scientific literature
- Inversion (linguistics), a term referring to a number of different distinct grammatical constructions found in the languages of the world.

## Technology

- Inverse multiplexer (or 'demultiplexer'), which breaks a single data stream into several streams with lower data rates
- Inverter (electrical), which converts direct current to alternating current
- Inverter (logic gate) (or 'NOT gate')
- Priority inversion, in which a low-priority task holds a shared resource that a high-priority task needs

## Related pages

- Antonym, word pairs that are opposite in meaning
- Introversion and extroversion
- Inverse-square law, something is inversely proportional to the square of the distance
- Inverted river delta, the narrow end on the seafront, the wide end located farther inland
- Obverse and reverse, in coins
- Opposite
- Reverse
- Reverse perspective, in art, the farther the object, the larger it is drawn
- Voice inversion, a method of scrambling communications
Team Fortress 2

***Team Fortress 2*** (***TF2***) is a free-to-play multiplayer first-person shooter video game. It is made by Valve Corporation, who developed and published the game.

The game has nine characters, called classes. Players can choose which one of these classes they want to play, and can change classes in the middle of a round. There are many different game modes, such as Payload, which has one team pushing a cart along a track while the other team tries to stop them, and a version of Capture the Flag, where players must capture a briefcase with important papers. The game is set in 1968, in an alternate history. The game also takes inspiration from many famous spy movies and TV shows, taking elements from James Bond, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., and _Get Smart_.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Team Fortress 2
- **developer**: Valve Corporation
- **publisher**: Valve Corporation
- **engine**: Source (game engine), Source
- **genre**: First-person shooter
- **modes**: Multiplayer video game, Multiplayer
- **composer**: Mike Morasky
- **image**: Team Fortress 2 style logo.svg
Big Black

**Big Black** was an American punk rock band. The band formed in 1981 with Steve Albini playing all of the instruments and a drum machine for percussion.

Big Black's music was very loud and distorted. Many Big Black songs are about violence.

### Studio albums

- Atomizer (1986)
- Songs About Fucking (1987)

### Live albums

- Sound of Impact (live, 1987)
- Pigpile (live, 1992)

### Compilations

- The Hammer Party (1986)
- The Rich Man's Eight Track Tape (1987)

### EPs

- Lungs (1983)
- Bulldozer (1984)
- Racer-X (1984)
- Headache (1987)

### Singles

- "Rema-Rema" (1985)
- "Il Duce" (1985)
- "Heartbeat" (1987)
- "He's a Whore" / "The Model" (1987)
- "In My House" (1992)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Big Black
- **img**: Jeff Pezzati and Santiago Durango 1.JPG
- **img capt**: Jeff Pezzati and Santiago Durango
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Evanston, Illinois, U.S.
- **genre**: Punk rock, alternative rock, indie rock, noise rock, post-hardcore, post-punk
- **years active**: –
- **label**: Ruthless Records (Chicago), Ruthless, Fever, Homestead Records, Homestead, Blast First, Touch and Go Records, Touch and Go
- **associated acts**: Naked Raygun, Rapeman, Shellac (band), Shellac
- **past members**: Steve Albini
Jeff Pezzati
Santiago Durango
Dave Riley (musician), Dave Riley
Company of Heroes

***Company of Heroes*** is a 2006 real-time strategy video game made by Relic Entertainment and published by THQ.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Company of Heroes
- **developer**: Relic Entertainment
- **publisher**: THQ
- **producer**: John Johnson
- **designer**: Rob Cunningham
- **programmer**: Drew Dunlop
- **writer**: Duane Pye
Paris Qualles
 Adrain Vershinin
- **artist**: Angie Radwan-Pytlewski
- **composer**: Jeremy Soule
Game & Watch

The ***Game & Watch*** is a series of small, hand-held video games made by Gunpei Yokoi of Nintendo from 1980 to 1991.  The games were usually simplistic (For example, "Chef" required keeping food in the air). The ***Game & Watch*** was invented before the ***Game Boy***. Until 1985 with the Nintendo Entertainment System, the Game & Watch was Nintendo's only foothold in the North American video game market.

## Mr. Game & Watch

is the main character in Game & Watch that also appeared in _Super Smash Bros. Melee_ and _Super Smash Bros. Brawl._
Fecundity

**Fecundity**, coming from the word _fecund_, generally means the ability to reproduce.

In biology and demography, fecundity is the ability to reproduce of an organism or population, measured by the number of gametes (eggs), seed set or asexual propagules.  Fecundity is under both genetic and environmental control, and is the major measure of biological fitness. _Fecundation_ is another term for fertilisation.

Fecundity can increase or decrease in a population according to current conditions and certain regulating factors. For instance, in times of hardship for a population such as a lack of food, juvenile and eventually adult fecundity may decrease.

In the philosophy of science, 'fecundity' refers to the ability of a scientific theory to open new lines of theoretical inquiry. Here, the original meaning is extended by analogy.

## Related pages

- Fertility
Teachta Dála

A **Teachta Dála**, is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament.  Usually only the initials **TD** are used, after the person's name.

The letters are used in the same way that MP is used to show that someone is a Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom.

## Related pages

- Member of Parliament
Guyver

The word **Guyver** is a word made by manga artist Yoshiki Takaya. It can refer to:
- Bio Booster Armor Guyver - Manga series by Yoshiki Takaya
- Guyver: Out of Control - A film based on the manga.
Displacement vector

A **displacement vector** is a concept from mathematics. It is a vector. It shows the direction and distance traveled with a straight line. It is often used in physics to display the speed, acceleration and distance of an object traveled (relative to a reference point or an object's starting position).

## Example

- Tom walks 6 kilometres north from his home.  His displacement from home is 6 km north. Next, Tom walks 10 km south. Now he has walked a distance of 16 km, but his displacement from home is 4 km south.
Enkephalin

An **enkephalin** is one of the first endorphins that were discovered in the brain. They are found in many parts of the brain, specially in the basal ganglia. They act as "natural pain killers".

Enkephalins are small proteins. They are made out of five amino acids in each of their molecules. The last amino acid is either leucine (leu) or methionine (met).

Enkephalin is a brain neurotransmitter that is formed when tyrocine, glycine, glycine, phenylalanine, and methionine through a condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis.
Receptor (cell biology)

In cell biology, a **receptor** is a special structure that can be found in cell membranes. These are made of protein molecules such as glycoproteins. Receptors bind (attach) to specialised molecules. If the receptor has this molecule, it is activated, but if it does not it is deactivated. Depending on its state, a change inside the cell happens.

Cell surface receptors (membrane receptors, transmembrane receptors) take part in communication between the cell and the outside world. Extracellular signalling molecules (usually hormones, neurotransmitters, agonist, cytokines, growth factors or cell recognition molecules) attach to the receptor. This triggers changes in the function of the cell. The process is called signal transduction: The binding starts a chemical change on the inside of the membrane.

Receptors work like locks and keys. With the key, the lock can be locked or unlocked. If it is unlocked, the door belonging to it can be opened.

## Structure

Part of the receptor sticks out of the cell membrane. The same applies to the membranes of cell organelles. A receptor's main function is to recognize and respond to a specific ligand, for example, a neurotransmitter or hormone. Some receptors respond to changes in 'transmembrane potential' (the difference in electric potential between the inside and the outside of a cell).

The middle part, inside the membrane itself, is a protein-lined pore through the membrane, or 'ion channel'. When the ligand binds to the surface, the pore becomes accessible to ions, which then pass through. In other cases, where differences in electric potential occur, the receptor changes in shape, which causes change inside the cell.

The inside (or cytoplasmic) part of the receptor interacts with the inside of the cell or organelle. There are several different kinds of receptor, each of which acts in a different way.

## Related pages

- Signal transduction
Pan-Germanism

**Pan-German Movement** (from , all, and _Germania_) is a nationalist ideological and political movement promoting the unification of all German-speaking peoples of Europe.

## Related pages

- Pan-Slavism
IMVU

**IMVU** is an instant messaging client that uses three dimensional avatars to represent people. It was made in 2004 and has over 20 million users. Users can change how their avatar looks by buying things with "IMVU credits" earned in the game. It is free to join, but some features cost money. Most features can be bought with the game currency ("IMVU credits").

## Related pages

- Active Worlds
- Second Life

## Other websites

- IMVU homepage
Constance Georgine, Countess Markiewicz

**Constance, Countess Markiewicz**, born Constance Georgine Gore-Booth, 4 February 1868 – 15 July 1927), was an Irish Sinn Féin and Fianna Fáil.

She was the first woman elected to the British House of Commons, but she did not take her seat.  Instead she and the other Sinn Féin TDs formed the first Dáil Éireann.  She is well known for founding Cumann na mBan.

She was also the first woman in Europe to be a cabinet minister, She was Minister of Labour of the Irish Republic between 1919 and 1922.
Xerox

**Xerox** is an American company that makes and sells photocopiers and paper. It was the first brand of modern photocopiers. The term xerox has become a generic trademark. This means people often use 'xerox' to mean any copy machine, and "xeroxing" to mean photocopying.  The company was founder in 1906. Its  headquarters is in Norwalk, Connecticut. Ursula Burns became the CEO and Chairwoman in 2009.
Agneta Sjödin

**Agneta Sjödin** (born 20 July 1967 in Norrbo, Hälsingland) is a Swedish television presenter.

## Hostings

- Tur i kärlek
- Fångarna på fortet
- Småstjärnorna
- Sikta mot stjärnorna
- Jakten på den röda rubinen
- Saknad
- Let's Dance
- Gladiatorerna
- Miss Sweden
Baroque

The **Baroque** (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s

There are regional differences in Baroque style, the biggest of these is that the "northern style" is different from the "southern style".

Baroque followed Renaissance art and Mannerism. It came before the Rococo (in the past often referred to as "late Baroque") and Neoclassical styles. It was encouraged by the Catholic Church as a means to counter the simplicity and austerity of Protestant architecture, art, and music, though Lutheran Baroque art developed in parts of Europe as well.

## What it looks like

The Baroque style used contrast, movement, exuberant detail, deep color, grandeur, and surprise to achieve a sense of awe. The style began at the start of the 17th century in Rome, then spread rapidly to the rest of Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal, then to Austria, southern Germany, and Poland. By the 1730s, it had evolved into an even more flamboyant style, called _rocaille_ or _Rococo_, which appeared in France and Central Europe until the mid to late 18th century. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires including the Iberian Peninsula it continued, together with new styles, until the first decade of the 19th century.

In the decorative arts, the style employs plentiful and intricate ornamentation. The departure from Renaissance classicism has its own ways in each country. But a general feature is that everywhere the starting point is the ornamental elements introduced by the Renaissance. The classical repertoire is crowded, dense, overlapping, loaded, in order to provoke shock effects. New motifs introduced by Baroque are: the cartouche, trophies and weapons, baskets of fruit or flowers, and others, made in marquetry, stucco, or carved.

## Related pages

- Baroque music
- Rococo

## Other websites

- The difference between Classicism and baroque in video.