juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Royal Panteon of San Isidoro

The **Royal Panteon of San Isidoro** is where the kings and queens of León are buried.   It is inside the Basilica of San Isidoro.  It is in the Romanesque style of architecture.  People were buried there during the Kingdom of León in the Middle Ages.

There are many fresco paintings, carved stone pillars, and other art. The art shows scenes from Roman Catholic religion, for example angels talking to shepherds, the Crucifixion of Jesus, and the Last Supper.

King Ferdinand I and Queen Sancha ordered builders to make the Panteon.  There are 11 kings, 12 queens, 10 princes, 9 counts and some other people buried there.
Broadway Melody of 1936

***Broadway Melody of 1936*** is a 1935 American musical movie directed by Roy Del Ruth and starring Jack Benny, Eleanor Powell, Robert Taylor, Una Merkel, Sid Silvers, Buddy Ebsen, June Knight. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for 3 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1936.
Birtamod Municipality

**Birtamode** (Nepali: बिर्तामोड नगरपालिका) is a municipality in Jhapa District of Nepal. It is the commercial, educational and transportation center of Jhapa District. The nearest local towns connected to Birtamod are Sarnamati Bazar, Shivasatakshi Bazar, Kamatoli Bazar, Chakchaki Bazar and Surunga Bazar. Birtamod is the largest city of Jhapa.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Birtamode Municipality
- **native name**: बिर्तामोड
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **pushpin map**: Nepal Province1#Nepal
- **map caption**: Location of Birtamod in Province No. 1
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Nepal, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Province No. 1
- **subdivision type4**: Districts of Nepal, District
- **subdivision name4**: Jhapa District, Jhapa
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Mr. Dhurba Kumar Siwakoti (Nepal Communist Party, NCP)
- **leader title1**: Deputy Mayor
- **leader name1**: Pawitra Mahatara Parsai (Nepal Communist Party, NCP)
- **area total km2**: 78.24
- **population as of**: 2019
- **population total**: 146,795
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Nepal Standard Time, NST
- **utc offset**: +05:45
- **elevation m**: 300
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 57204
- **area code**: Telephone numbers in Nepal, 023
- **website**: [http://www.birtamodmun.gov.np www.birtamodmun.gov.np]
55565 Aya

**(55565) Aya**, temporary name **2002 AW<sub>197</sub>**, is a classical trans-Neptunian object from the Kuiper belt. It has a diameter of at least 700 kilometers ( i. e 430 miles). It is the largest planetoid without a moon. It was discovered at Palomar Observatory in 2002. It has a rotation period of 8.8 hours.

## Discovery

(55565) Aya was discovered on 10 January 2002, by astronomers at the Palomar Observatory in California. Astronomers involved in the discovery were Michael Brown, Chad Trujillo, Eleanor Helin, Michael Hicks, Kenneth Lawrence and Steven H. Pravdo.

## Physical characteristics

Aya has a diameter of at least 700 kilometers (430 miles). It is the largest planetoid without a moon.

## Orbit

Aya orbits the Sun at a distance of 40.9–53.2 AU once every 322.6 years. Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13. It has an orbital inclination of 24°.
La Galatea

**Galatea** is a novel of Miguel de Cervantes published in 1585 in Alcalá de Henares with the title of First part of ***Galatea***, divided in six books. Ascanio Colonna Is the dedicatario of _Galatea_, the one who in the decade of 1580 found  completing his studies in two Spanish colleges: the University of Alcalá and the University of Salamanca.

The novel began probably to draft  when Cervantes went back of his captivity in Algiers (December of 1580). Had little success in the bookshops, especially, if it compares  with the great of the Target of Montemayor and the grandísimo of the _enamoured Target_ of Gil Polo. Cervantes had during all his life a very high concept of his novel and the intention to publish the second part, but died without having it done.
Chelsee Healey

**Chelsea "Chelsee" Jade Healey** (born 6 August 1988) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the roles of Janeece Bryant in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2006–2012, 2023), Honey Wright in the BBC medical drama series _Casualty_ (2014–2015), and Goldie McQueen in the Channel 4 soap opera _Hollyoaks_ (2016–present).

## Early life

Healey was born in Salford, Greater Manchester. Her father was mixed-race, and her mother is white British.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Chelsee Healey
- **birth name**: Chelsea Jade Healey
- **birth place**: Salford, Greater Manchester, England
- **nationality**: English people, English
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2002–present
- **notable works**: _Waterloo Road (TV series), Waterloo Road_ (2006–2012, 2023)
 _Hollyoaks_ (2008, 2016–)
 _Strictly Come Dancing_ (2011)
 _Casualty (TV series), Casualty_ (2014–2015)
 _Get Your Act Together_ (2015)
 _Bear Grylls: Mission Survive_ (2016)
- **children**: 1
Jamie Glover

**Jamie Blair Glover** (born 10 July 1969) is an English actor. He is best known for portraying the role of Andrew Treneman in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2006–2007, 2009, 2023–present). In 2017, Glover appeared as Harry Potter in the second cast of the West-End production of _Harry Potter and the Cursed Child_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jamie Glover
- **birth name**: Jamie Blair Glover
- **birth place**: Barnes, London, England
- **nationality**: English people, English
- **occupation**: Actor
- **domestic partner**: Sasha Behar
- **parents**: Julian Glover
 Isla Blair
- **children**: 2
- **years active**: 1980–present
Jill Halfpenny

**Jill Halfpenny** (born 15 July 1975) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the roles of Rebecca Hopkins in the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_ (1999–2000), Kate Mitchell in the BBC soap opera _EastEnders_ (2002–2005), Izzie Redpath in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2006–2007), and Diane Manning in the BBC drama series _In the Club_ (2014–2016). In 2004, she won the second series of the television dance contest _Strictly Come Dancing_.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Jill Halfpenny
- **birth place**: Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England
- **nationality**: English people, English
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1989–present
- **children**: 1
- **relatives**: Chelsea Halfpenny (niece)
Send in Stewie, Please

"**Send in Stewie, Please**" is the 12th episode of the 16th season of _Family Guy_. It was first shown on the Fox network on March 18, 2018. It did not have as many advertisements when it was shown because it is longer than most episodes of _Family Guy_. The episode is about Stewie Griffin going to a psychologist to talk about secrets about himself. Brian shows up in the end of the episode, but none of the other characters in Griffin family are in the episode. The episode got Ian McKellen to be the voice actor for the character Dr. Cecil Pritchfield. 2.24 million people watched the episode when it was first shown on television. Gary Janetti got a nomination for an award at the 71st Writers Guild of America Awards for writing the episode.

## Infobox (television episode)

- **series**: Family Guy
- **season**: 16
- **episode**: 12
- **director**: Joe Vaux
- **writer**: Gary Janetti
- **production**: FACX10
- **guests**: Ian McKellen as Dr. Cecil Pritchfield
- **prev**: Dog Bites Bear
- **next**: V Is for Mystery
- **season article**: Family Guy (season 16)
- **episode list**: List of Family Guy episodes
Lost Horizon (1937 movie)

***Lost Horizon*** is a 1937 American fantasy adventure drama movie.  Frank Capra directed the movie. It follows the story of the 1933 novel Lost Horizon by James Hilton. Ronald Coleman, Jane Wyatt, Edward Everett Horton, Isabel Jewell, John Howard, and Margo acted in the movie.  Columbia Pictures. distributed it. It was nominated for 7 Oscars and won 2 Academy Awards in 1938 and was remade in 1973.
Casual game

A **casual game** is a video game targeted at a wide, mass market audience, as opposed to a hardcore game, which is a game targeted at a more niche audience of hobbyist gamers. Casual games may exhibit any type of gameplay and genre. They generally have simpler rules, shorter sessions, and less learned skill than hardcore games.

Countless casual games have been developed and published, alongside hardcore games, across the history of video games. A concerted effort to capitalize on casual games grew in the 1990s and 2000s, as many developers and publishers branded themselves as casual game companies, publishing games especially for personal computers, web browsers, and, after 2007, smartphones.
Video games in India

**Video gaming in India** is an emerging market. As investments continue to rise, the video game market is expected to grow rapidly in India.

India is one of the top five mobile gaming markets in the world in terms of number of users. In FY 2019, online gaming in India was estimated at ₹6,200 crore (US$870 million) market with an estimated 300 million gamers.

As of 2019, India is one of the top five mobile gaming markets in the world in terms of number of users. In FY 2019, online gaming in India was estimated at ₹6,200 crore market with an estimated 300 million gamers.

_PUBG Mobile_ became the most popular online game in India in 2018, as of January 2020, India became _PUBG Mobile_'s largest market in the world with 116 million downloads, which is 21% of 555 million _PUBG Mobile_ players worldwide.

Estimates suggest that India's mobile games market will be worth $1.1 billion by 2020, and number of users projected to become 628 million by then.

Video gaming is growing very quickly especially in the mobile space with the advent of cheap and affordable smartphones. A recent survey has found that women mobile gamers are actually more active than men in India.

As of August 2024; and since August 2017; DIGICODES®, with a catalogue of 15,000+ digital items, is the largest gaming store in India.
Group 5 element

**Group 5** is a group of elements in the periodic table.

Group 5 has vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) and dubnium (Db).

Group 5 is in the transition metals section.
Game Store

**Game store** may refer to:

- A Video game retailer
- A hobby shop
One Hundred Men and a Girl

***One Hundred Men and a Girl*** is a 1937 American musical comedy movie directed by Henry Koster. Deanna Durbin, Adolphe Menjou, Leopold Stokowski, Eugene Pallette, Alice Brady, and Alma Kruger were in it. It was distributed (spread around) by Universal Pictures. The movie was nominated for 5 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1938.
Portuguese alphabet

The **Portuguese alphabet** is a Latin alphabet with 26 letters. Also, the language uses accent marks to show sound changes and stressed syllables. The accents used in Portuguese are the acute accent (Áá, Éé, Íí, Óó, Úú), the circumflex (Ââ, Êê, Ôô) and the tilde (Ãã, Õõ). Respectively (in order), the accents mark open, closed and nasal vowels. There are rules that tell when to put an accent in a word. Most of the time, accented syllables are the stressed ones, and some words even have more than one accent, like "órgão", meaning "organ".

Lastly, the language has a "ç" character (C with a cedilla, used for historical reasons. It has a /s/ sound like in the word "soap" and it never appears at the very start or at the very end of a word.

Even though the Portuguese alphabet uses all 26 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet, the letters “k”, “w”, and “y” were not part of the Portuguese alphabet before 2009. These letters are part of the Portuguese alphabet now, but they do not appear in original Portuguese words.
Stage Door

***Stage Door*** is a 1937 American drama movie directed by Gregory La Cava and was based on the 1936 play of the same name. It stars Katharine Hepburn, Ginger Rogers, Adolphe Menjou, Gail Patrick, Andrea Leeds, Lucille Ball, Eve Arden and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1938.
A Star Is Born (1937 movie)

***A Star Is Born*** is a 1937 American romantic drama movie directed by William A. Wellman and Jack Conway. It stars Janet Gaynor, Fredric March, Adolphe Menjou, May Robson, Andy Devine, Lionel Stander, Owen Moore, Peggy Wood and was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It was nominated for 8 Oscars and 2 Academy Awards in 1938 and was remade three times in 1954, 1976 and 2018.
Genie (Disney)

The **Genie** is a character in Disney's _Aladdin_ movies.

## His life

The Genie of the Lamp has been stuck in a magic lamp for 10,000 years. He was freed by Aladdin and he offered Aladdin three wishes. Aladdin asked him what he would wish for. Genie wished for his freedom from the lamp.

## Development

Robin Williams voiced the Genie in the 1992 movie and _Aladdin and the King of Thieves_. He wasn't able to return for the animated show and _The Return of Jafar_ due to disagreements with Disney and with Dan Castellaneta voicing him in the meantime. Williams improvised a lot of dialogue for the Genie, which made the 1992 movie ineligible for Best Adapted Screenplay. Will Smith plays the Genie in the 2019 live-action remake.

## Reception

Robin Williams has received a lot of acclaim for voicing the Genie. Same goes to Will Smith for the remake, which otherwise had mixed reviews.
Ratchet & Clank Future: Quest for Booty

***Ratchet & Clank Future: Quest for Booty*** is a platform game developed by Insomniac Games. It is the eighth game in the _Ratchet & Clank_ series of video games. It was released on 2008 exclusively for the PlayStation 3. The game became a bonus game for 2013's _Ratchet & Clank: Into the Nexus_.

## Gameplay

The game plays as just Ratchet and upgrades can be found in the environment.

## Plot

Ratchet misses seeing his friend Clank and he and Talwyn Apogee set course to Merdegraw, the home of the Space Pirates.

## Reception

Some people liked the game but felt it was too short.

## Other websites

- Official website
Ratchet & Clank Future: A Crack in Time

***Ratchet & Clank Future: A Crack in Time*** is a platform game developed by Insomniac Games. It is the ninth game in the _Ratchet & Clank_ series of video games. It was released in Fall of 2009, exclusively for the PlayStation 3.

## Gameplay

The game plays as Ratchet and Clank. Clank's levels has him solve puzzles and do time recording. Ratchet gets to explore various parts of the Polaris Galaxy. He can find and collect up to 40 Zoni to gain extra health. When he gets all of them, he gets to defeat Lord Vorselon a third and final time.

## Plot

Ratchet and Qwark are going to a sector of the Polaris Galaxy to follow Dr. Nefarious, who has captured Clank at the Great Clock.

## Reception

Many say it is one of the better Ratchet & Clank games.

## Other websites

- Official website
Whipsaw

***Whipsaw*** is a 1935 American romantic crime drama movie directed by Sam Wood and starring Myrna Loy, Spencer Tracy, Harvey Stephens, William Harrigan, Robert Warwick, Clay Clement, Wade Boteler. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Tumen River

The **Tumen River** (Korean: 두만강; Chinese: 图们江) one of the two rivers that make up the China-North Korea border. It is also one of the two rivers that comes from Mount Paektu, the mountain on the China-North Korea border, and it empties into the Sea of Japan. The river also makes up the Russia-North Korea border. The name comes from the Mongolian word _tümen,_ which means "ten thousand".

Since the easiest way to leave North Korea is through the China-North Korea border, many North Korean defectors have crossed this river to escape North Korea. Some have even escaped into Russia. However, it has become more difficult to escape the country since the government has sent more guards, more electric fences, and more traps on its borders.
Gwen Stacy

**Gwendolyne Maxine Stacy**, also known as **Weapon X-31**, is a Marvel Comics character created by Steve Ditko. She is Peter Parker's first girlfriend in the comics. In the Ultimate Marvel (Earth-1610) continuity, she becomes **Carnage**, while in the Ultimate Universe (Earth-6160) continuity, she becomes **Mysterio**.

## In other media

Bryce Dallas Howard played Stacy in _Spider-Man 3_, with Emma Stone playing her in both _The Amazing Spider-Man_ and _The Amazing Spider-Man 2_. Hailee Steinfeld would later voice her in _Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse_.
Yalu River

The **Yalu River** one of the two rivers that make up the China-North Korea border. It is also one of the two rivers that comes from Mount Paektu, the mountain on the China-North Korea border, and it empties into Korea Bay. The origin of the name is unknown. Linguists believe _yalu_ either comes from Manchu meaning "between two places" or from Mandarin meaning "duck green".

Since the easiest way to leave North Korea is through the China-North Korea border, many North Korean defectors have crossed this river to escape North Korea. However, it has become more difficult to escape the country since the government has sent more guards, more electric fences, and more traps on its borders.
Korea Bay

**Korea Bay** is a bay shared by China and North Korea. It is northwest of the Korean Peninusula. The Yalu River empties into this bay.
Air Force (movie)

***Air Force*** is a 1943 American World War II action movie directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Garfield, John Ridgely, Gig Young, Arthur Kennedy, Harry Carey, George Tobias, Ward Wood. It was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures and was nominated for 4 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1944.
Middle East tree frog

The **Middle East tree frog** (_Hyla savignyi_), also known as the **Lemon yellow tree frog**, **Savigny's tree frog**, is a frog from the Middle East.  It can be found in Egypt, Israel, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia.

This frog can live in places that are very hot and dry.  Unless it is the breeding season, this frog hides during the day and moves around at night.  Adult frogs eat arthropods, for example insects, and tadpoles eat plants and animals.  The tadpoles turn into frogs at different times of year depending on how high up a mountain they are.
Second Sea Lord and Deputy Chief of Naval Staff

The Second Sea Lord and Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (formerly Second Sea Lord) is one of the most senior admirals of the Royal Navy. Previously, titled Second Naval Lord in 1830, the post was restyled Second Sea Lord in 1904. Currently, the Second Sea Lord is based at Navy Command. His counterpart is the Fleet Commander.

## Departments under the office

_As of September 2020:_

### Current

- Office of the Assistant Chief (Policy)
- Office of the Director of Personnel and Training & Office of the Naval Secretary
- Director Navy Acquisition
- Office of the Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Capability) and Director Development
Norman Abramson

**Norman Manuel Abramson** (April 1, 1932 – December 1, 2020) was an American engineer and computer scientist. He was most known for creating the ALOHAnet system for wireless computer communication.

## Other websites

- Engineering and Technology History Wiki
- Biography from IEEE
- Oral history interview with Severo Ornstein, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota.  Ornstein discusses the computing contributions of Wesley Clark and Norman Abramson.
- Author profile in the database zbMATH

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Norman M. Abramson
- **image**: NormanAbramson.jpg
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **field**: Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
- **work institutions**: University of Hawaii
- **alma mater**: Stanford University
Harvard University
- **doctoral advisor**: Willis Harman
- **doctoral students**: Thomas M. Cover
Robert A. Scholtz
- **prizes**: IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal <small>(2007)</small>
Sol Tolchinsky

**Sol Tolchinsky** (January 2, 1929 – December 1, 2020) was a Canadian basketball player. He competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. Tolchinsky was part of the Canadian basketball team, which finished ninth in the Olympic tournament.

Tochinsky died of COVID-19 in Montreal on December 1, 2020 at the age of 91.
T. B. Ekanayake

**Thilakarathne Bandara Ekanayake** (28 August 1954 – 6 December 2020) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was a member of the Freedom Party. He was a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka from 1994 until his death.

Ekanayake died on 6 December 2020 in Colombo at the age of 66.
David Lander

**David Lander** (June 22, 1947 – December 4, 2020) was an American actor, comedian, musician and activist. He was known for his role as Squiggy in the sitcom _Laverne & Shirley_.

Lander was born in New York City. In 1984, he was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. He died at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles from the disease on December 4, 2020 at the age of 73.
François Leterrier

**François Leterrier** (26 May 1929 – 4 December 2020) was a French director and actor. He was cast in Robert Bresson's movie _A Man Escaped_. He was born in Oise, France. He directed the 1961 movie _Les Mauvais Coups_.

Leterrier died on 4 December 2020 in Paris at the age of 91.
Robert Bresson

**Robert Bresson** (; 25 September 1901 – 18 December 1999) was a French movie director.

His works _A Man Escaped_ (1956), _Pickpocket_ (1959) and _Au hasard Balthazar_ (1966) were ranked among the 100 greatest movies ever made.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robert Bresson
- **caption**: Bresson on the set of _Un condamné à mort s'est échappé_ in 1956
- **birth place**: Bromont-Lamothe, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **occupation**: Film director, screenwriter
- **years active**: 1933–1983
- **spouse**: Leidia van der Zee (m.1926)
Marie-Madeleine van der Mersch
Bromont-Lamothe

**Bromont-Lamothe** is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bromont-Lamothe
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: A89 - Viaduc de la Sioule -1.jpg
- **caption**: The Sioule Viaduct in Bromont-Lamothe
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Bromont-Lamothe 63.svg
- **arrondissement**: Riom
- **canton**: Canton of Saint-Ours, Saint-Ours
- **insee**: 63055
- **postal code**: 63230
- **mayor**: Jean-Claude Grange
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **intercommunality**: Pontgibaud Sioule et Volcans
- **elevation m**: 774
- **elevation min m**: 574
- **elevation max m**: 906
- **area km2**: 38.07
Ferenc Tóth (politician)

**Ferenc Tóth** (30 December 1950 – 4 December 2020) was a Hungarian engineer and Fidesz politician. He was a member of the National Assembly (MP) for Paks (Tolna County Constituency II) between 1998 and 2014.

Tóth died on 4 December 2020 from COVID-19, aged 70.
James Odongo

**James Odongo** (27 March 1931 – 4 December 2020), was a Ugandan Roman Catholic prelate. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tororo in Uganda, from 5 January 1985, until his retirement on 27 June 2007. Odongo was born in Tororo District, Uganda.

Odongo died on the morning of 4 December 2020, at the age of 89.

## Other websites

- Profile of Military Ordinariate of Uganda
- Profile of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tororo
Belinda Bozzoli

**Belinda Bozzoli**  (17 December 1945 – 5 December 2020) was a South African author, academic, sociologist, and politician. She was Shadow Minister of Higher Education, Science and Technology from 2019 to 2020. She also was a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Democratic Alliance from 2014 to 2020.

Bozzoli died from cancer on 5 December 2020.
Robert Castel

**Robert Moyal** (21 May 1933 – 5 December 2020), better known as **Robert Castel**, was an Algerian-born French actor and comedian. He was born in Algiers, Algeria. Castel was known for his roles in Georghiu in _The Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe_ (1972), Andre in _Two Men in Town_ (1973) and as Trinita in _Je suis timide mais je me soigne_ (1978). His career lasted from 1955 until 2016.

Castel died of a long-illness on 5 December 2020 in Paris at the age of 87.
Ron Irwin

**Ronald A. Irwin**,  (October 29, 1936 – December 5, 2020) was a Canadian politician. He was born in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was a member of the Canadian Parliament between 1980 to 1984 and again from 1993 to 1997.

Irwin died on December 5, 2020 in Sault Ste. Marie at the age of 84.
Henryk Kukier

**Henryk Jerzy Kukier** (1 January 1930 – 5 December 2020) was a Polish boxer. He was born in Lublin. He won the gold medal in the Flyweight class at the 1953 European Amateur Boxing Championships in Warsaw, and the bronze medal at the 1955 European Amateur Boxing Championships in West Berlin. He competed three times in the Summer Olympics (1952, 1956, 1960).

Kukier died on 5 December 2020, at the age of 90.
Trader Horn

***Trader Horn*** is a 1931 American romantic adventure movie directed by W. S. Van Dyke and was based on the novel of the same name by Alfred Aloysius Horn. It stars Harry Carey, Edwina Booth, Duncan Renaldo, C. Aubrey Smith and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Booth would sue Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer after she contracted an illness while shooting the movie and it ended her career as an actress. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1931 and was remade in 1973.
Ildikó Pécsi

**Ildikó Pécsi** (21 May 1940 – 5 December 2020) was a Hungarian actress and politician. She appeared in more than one hundred movies from 1961 until 2008. She was a member of the National Assembly between 1994 and 1998. Pécsi was known for her roles in _Tales of a Long Journey_, _A Strange Role_ and in _Just like Home_.

Pécsi died on 5 December 2020 in Budapest at the age of 80.
Viktor Ponedelnik

**Viktor Vladimirovich Ponedelnik** (, 22 May 1937 in Rostov-on-Don – 5 December 2020) was a Russian footballer and manager. He played for the Soviet Union national team.

### International

- USSR
- UEFA European Championship: 1960, runner-up: 1964

### Individual

- The best 33 football players of the Soviet Union (5): No. 1 (1960-1963); No. 3 (1959)
- UEFA European Championship: Golden Boot / Team of the Tournament 1960
- Honored Master of Sports
- Order of the Badge of Honour: 1980
- Order of Friendship: 1997
- Cavalier of the Order of the Ruby League For Merit: 2009
- Order For Services to the Rostov Oblast: 2013

## Other websites

- Biography from the official website of the Russian national team
- Unofficial biography 

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Viktor Ponedelnik
- **fullname**: Viktor Vladimirovich Ponedelnik
- **image**: Ponedelnik.jpg
- **caption**: Ponedelnik in 1998
- **birth place**: Rostov-on-Don, USSR
- **position**: Striker (association football), Striker
- **youthclubs1**: Burevestnik Rostov-on-Don
- **youthclubs2**: Rostov Military College
- **years1**: 1956–1958
- **years2**: 1959–1960
- **years3**: 1961
- **years4**: 1961–1965
- **years5**: 1966
- **clubs1**: FC Rostov, Torpedo/Rostselmash
- **clubs2**: FC SKA Rostov-on-Don
- **clubs3**: PFC CSKA Moscow, CSKA Moscow
- **clubs4**: SKA Rostov-on-Don
- **clubs5**: FC Spartak Moscow
- **caps1**: 50
- **caps2**: 45
- **caps4**: 111
- **goals1**: 31
- **goals2**: 17
- **goals4**: 37
- **nationalyears1**: 1960–1964
- **nationalyears2**: 1966
- **nationalteam1**: Soviet Union national football team, Soviet Union
- **nationalcaps1**: 29
- **nationalgoals1**: 20
- **manageryears1**: 1969
- **managerclubs1**: FC Rostov, Rostselmash Rostov-on-Don
Martin Sandoval

**Martin A. Sandoval** (January 12, 1964 – December 5, 2020) was a Democratic politician. He admitted guilt to corruption charges in 2020.  He was a member of the Illinois Senate from 2003 to 2020. Sandoval was born in Chicago.

On December 5, 2020, Sandoval died at a hospital in Maywood, Illinois of COVID-19 at the age of 56.
Lactic acid bacteria

**Lactic acid bacteria** are bacteria which make lactic acid. This is an end product of carbohydrate fermentation. The bacteria change carbohydrates to lactic acid and energy.

The bacteria are the order _Lactobacillales._  Most of them are anaerobic: they do not need oxygen. Usually, they can live well in acidic environments. They are either rod-shaped, or spherical. They are found in decomposing plants and milk products.

Lactic acid bacteria are important, and they are common. There are about 40 genera. Some species occur in the gut of animals, including humans. Several lactic acid bacteria are pathogens: they cause infectious diseases.

Lactic acid fermentation has been used since the Stone Age. It makes food last longer, and be easier to digest. Lactic acid fermentation is used in the production of cheese and yogurt.

Adult humans originally could not digest milk products. Then, all humans were lactose intolerant (as, for example, cats are after weaning). _Lactase persistence_ is the phenotype where genes prolonging the activity of lactase beyond infancy. Humans are unusual in having lactase persistence. We know it evolved fairly recently (in the last 10,000 years) among some populations. Still, _most people worldwide are lactase nonpersistent_. They cannot digest lactose products after weaning. The evidence is that lactose persistence grew in human groups who herded cattle. To them it was a great advantage: they could digest milk throughout life.
Property Is No Longer a Theft

***Property Is No Longer a Theft*** () is a 1973 Italian French comedy movie directed by Elio Petri and starring Ugo Tognazzi, Flavio Bucci, Daria Nicolodi, Salvo Randone, Mario Scaccia, Julien Guiomar, Jacques Herlin, Gigi Proietti.
Rattan

**Rattan** (from the Indonesia/Malay _rotan_) is the name for about 600 species of old world climbing palms. They belong to the subfamily Calamoideae.

Rattan is also known as _manila_, or _malacca_, after the ports of Manila and Malacca City, and as _manau_ (from the Indonesia/Malay _rotan manau_, the trade name for _Calamus manan_ canes in Southeast Asia).

The climbing habit comes with a flexible woody stem, got from a secondary growth. This makes rattan a liana rather than a normal or true wood. It grows much faster than most tropical wood. Rattan canes are one of the world's most valuable non-timber forest products.

'Dragon's blood' is a red resin used in dyes, varnishes and incense. It can come from the fruit of a rattan. Furniture is probably the most widespread use. Many types of weapons and cane for caning have been made from rattan.
Stucco

**Stucco** is a kind of plasterwork used to decorate ceilings and other parts of buildings. It is made of aggregates, binder and water. These days its main constituent is Portland cement, sand, inorganic lime (a hydroxide mineral, not the fruit) and water. It is applied wet and dries hard.

The same substance is often called plaster and sometimes mortar.  It has been used for hundreds of years in many cultures round the world.
Group 10 element

**Group 10** is a group of elements in the periodic table.

Group 10 has nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt) and darmstadtium (Ds).

Group 10 is in the transition metals section. It is worth noting that darmstadtium has unknown chemical properties, but is probably a transition metal.
Group 7 element

**Group 7** is a group of elements in the periodic table.

Group 7 has manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re) and bohrium (Bh).

Group 7 is in the transition metals section.
Muslihan DS

**Muslihan Diding Sutrisno** (4 August 1946 – 6 December 2020) was an Indonesian military official and politician. He was born in Bengkulu, Indonesia. He was a member of the People's Conscience Party. DS was Regent of Rejang Lebong from 1994 to 1999 and of North Bengkulu from 2001 to 2006.

DS died on 6 December 2020 in Bengkulu of COVID-19 at the age of 74.
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series

The **Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series** is an award which is given every year by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS). It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role on a television drama series for the primetime network season.

The award was first given at the 6th Primetime Emmy Awards on February 11, 1954. Zendaya is the current and youngest recipient of the award. She received an award for her work on _Euphoria_.

## Infobox (award)

- **name**: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series
- **awarded for**: Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series
- **presenter**: Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
- **country**: United States
- **year**: 1954
- **holder**: Zendaya,
 _Euphoria (American TV series), Euphoria_ (72nd Primetime Emmy Awards, 2020)
Peter Alliss

**Peter Alliss** (28 February 1931 – 5 December 2020) was an English former professional golfer, television presenter, commentator, author and golf course designer. He was born in Berlin. In 2012 he was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in the Lifetime Achievement category.

Between 1952 and 1969, Alliss won 20 professional tournaments, including three British PGA Championships, in 1957, 1962 and 1965. He had five top-10 finishes in the Open Championship.

Alliss played on eight Ryder Cup teams between 1953 and 1969 with a record of 10 wins, 15 losses and 5 halved matches.

Allis died on 5 December 2020 at the age of 89.
French Second Republic

The **French Second Republic** was a short-lived republican government of France under President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte. It lasted from the 1848 Revolution to the 1851 coup by which the president made himself Emperor Napoleon III and started the Second Empire.

## Infobox (country)

- **native name**: _République française_
- **conventional long name**: French Republic
- **common name**: France
- **event start**: French Revolution of 1848, French Revolution
- **year start**: 1848
- **date start**: 23 February
- **event end**: Second French Empire, Empire reestablished
- **year end**: 1852
- **date end**: 2 December
- **event1**: Abolitionism#Second abolition (1848) and subsequent events, Abolition of slavery
- **date event1**: 27 April 1848
- **event2**: French Constitution of 1848, Constitution adopted
- **date event2**: 4 November 1848
- **event3**: French coup of 1851, Coup of 1851
- **date event3**: 2 December 1851
- **p1**: July Monarchy
- **flag p1**: Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg
- **s1**: Second French Empire
- **flag s1**: Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg
- **flag**: Flag of France
- **flag type**: Flag
- **image flag**: Flag of France (1794–1815).svg
- **symbol type**: Great Seal
- **image coat**: Great Seal of France.svg
- **image map**: French_Kingdom_within_Europe_1839.svg
- **image map caption**: The French Republic in 1848
- **capital**: Paris
- **national motto**: _Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité_
<small>"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"</small>
- **national anthem**: _Le Chant des Girondins_
<small>"The Song of Girondists"</small>
- **common languages**: French
- **currency**: French Franc
- **government type**: Unitary state, Unitary semi-presidential republic (1848–1851)
Unitary state, Unitary authoritarian presidential republic (1851–1852)
- **title leader**: List of Presidents of France, President
- **leader1**: Napoleon III, Prince Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte
- **year leader1**: 1848–1852
- **title deputy**: List of Prime Ministers of France, Prime Minister
- **deputy1**: Jacques-Charles Dupont
- **year deputy1**: 1848 <small>(first)</small>
- **deputy2**: Léon Faucher
- **year deputy2**: 1851 <small>(last)</small>
- **title representative**: Vice President of France, Vice President
- **representative1**: Henri Georges Boulay de la Meurthe
- **year representative1**: 1849–1852
- **legislature**: National Assembly of France, National Assembly
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism (official)
Calvinism
Lutheranism
Judaism
Government of National Defense

The **Government of National Defense** () was the first government of the Third Republic of France from 4 September 1870 to 13 February 1871 during the Franco-Prussian War. It was formed after the Emperor Napoleon III was captured by the Prussian Army.

## Members

- General Louis Jules Trochu, President of the Government
- Léon Gambetta, Minister of the Interior
- Jules Favre, Vice-President, Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Adolphe Le Flô, Minister of War
- Léon Martin Fourichon, Minister of the Navy and the Colonies
- Ernest Picard, Minister of Finance
- Jules Ferry, Secretary of the Government
- Jules Simon, Minister of Education, Religion, and Arts
- Adolphe Crémieux, Minister of Justice
- Emmanuel Arago, Minister of the Interior
- Pierre Frédéric Dorian, Minister of Public Works
- Henri Rochefort, Minister without Portfolio
- Alexandre Glais-Bizoin, Minister without Portfolio
- Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès, Minister without Portfolio
- Eugène Pelletan, Minister without Portfolio
Provisional Government of the French Republic

The **Provisional Government of the French Republic** (**PGFR**;  (_GPRF_) was an interim government of France between 1944 and 1946 after the liberation of continental France after Operations _Overlord_ and _Dragoon_, and lasted until the creation of the French Fourth Republic.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Provisional Government of the French Republic
- **native name**: Gouvernement provisoire de la République française
- **p1**: Free France
- **flag p1**: Flag of Free France (1940-1944).svg
- **p2**: Vichy France
- **flag p2**: Flag of France (1794-1815).svg
- **p3**: German military administration in occupied France during World War IIGerman Military Administration
- **flag p3**: Flag of German Reich (1935–1945).svg
- **s1**: French Fourth Republic
- **flag s1**: Flag of France (1794–1958).svg
- **s2**: French Union
- **flag s2**: Flag of France (1794–1958).svg
- **flag**: Flag of France
- **flag type**: Flag
- **image flag**: Flag of France (1794–1958).svg
- **image coat**: Emblem of the Provisional Government of the French Republic.svg
- **symbol**: National emblem of France
- **symbol type**: Emblem
- **coa size**: 110px
- **national motto**: "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité"
<small>"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"</small>
- **national anthem**:

- **image map**: France (1945-1949).png
- **capital**: Algiers <small>(_de facto_, 3 June – 31 August 1944)</small>
Paris<small> (_de jure_; _de facto_ from 31 August 1944)</small>
- **common languages**: French
- **government type**: Tripartisme
- **title leader**: List of prime ministers of France#Chairmen of the Provisional Government, Chairman
- **leader1**: Charles de Gaulle
- **year leader1**: 1944–1946
- **leader2**: Félix Gouin
- **year leader2**: 1946
- **leader3**: Georges Bidault
- **year leader3**: 1946
- **leader4**: Léon Blum
- **year leader4**: 1946–1947
- **legislature**: National Assembly of France, National Assembly
- **era**: World War II
- **life span**: 1944–1946
- **event start**: Proclamation of the GPRF
- **date start**: 3 June
- **year start**: 1944
- **event1**: Normandy landings
- **date event1**: 6 June 1944
- **event2**: Operation Dragoon, Provence landings
- **date event2**: 15 August 1944
- **event3**: Liberation of Paris
- **date event3**: 25 August 1944
- **event4**: Western Allied invasion of Germany, Invasion of Germany
- **date event4**: 19 March 1945
- **event5**: German Instrument of Surrender, Surrender of Germany
- **date event5**: 8 May 1945
- **event end**: United Nations Charter, Admitted to the United Nations
- **date end**: 24 October
- **year end**: 1945
- **event post**: Proclamation of the Fourth French Republic, Fourth Republic
- **date post**: 27 October 1946
- **currency**: French franc
- **religion**: 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Secular state
<small>(excluding Alsace-Lorraine)</small>
Roman Catholicism
Calvinism
Lutheranism
Judaism
<small>(Alsace-Lorraine only)</small>
French Fourth Republic

The **French Fourth Republic** () was the republican government of France between 1946 and 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution.

It was in many ways a revival of the Third Republic that was in place from 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War to 1940 during World War II, and suffered many of the same problems.

## Infobox (former country)

- **conventional long name**: French Republic
- **common name**: France
- **image flag**: Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg
- **image coat**: Coat of arms of the French Republic.svg
- **symbol width**: 75px
- **symbol type**: National emblem of France, National emblem
<small>(unofficial)</small>
- **other symbol**: <div style="padding:0.3em;"> </div>
- **other symbol type**: Great Seal of France, Great Seal:
- **national motto**: ""
- **englishmotto**: "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
- **national anthem**: "La Marseillaise"
<div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"></div>
- **image map**: France (1946 - 1957).png
- **capital**: Paris
- **largest city**: capital
- **languages type**: Official language
- **languages**: French language, French
- **religion**: 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, Secular state
In Concordat in Alsace-Moselle, Alsace-Moselle
*Roman Catholicism
*Calvinism
*Lutheranism
*Judaism
- **demonym**: French
- **government type**: Unitary parliamentary republic
- **title leader**: President of France, President
- **leader1**: Vincent Auriol
- **year leader1**: 1947–1954
- **leader2**: René Coty
- **year leader2**: 1954–1959
- **title deputy**: Prime Minister of France, Prime Minister
- **deputy1**: Paul Ramadier
- **year deputy1**: 1947 <small>(first)</small>
- **deputy2**: Charles de Gaulle
- **year deputy2**: 1958–1959 <small>(last)</small>
- **legislature**: French Parliament, Parliament
- **lower house**: National Assembly (French Fourth Republic), National Assembly
- **stat year1**: 1957
- **stat area1**: 889898
- **currency**: *French franc (`ISO 4217, FRF`)
*Algerian franc
- **today**:

- **era**: * Decolonisation of Africa
* Decolonisation of Asia
* Cold War
- **event pre**: October 1946 French constitutional referendum, Constitutional referendum
- **date pre**: 13 October 1946
- **event start**: Fourth Republic
- **date start**: 27 October
- **year start**: 1946
- **event1**: Battle of Dien Bien Phu
- **date event1**: 13 March 1954
- **event2**: _Toussaint Rouge_
- **date event2**: 1 November 1954
- **event3**: Treaty of Brussels
- **date event3**: 17 March 1948
- **event4**: May 1958 crisis in France, May crisis
- **date event4**: 13 May 1958
- **event5**: 1958 French constitutional referendum, Constitutional referendum
- **date event5**: 28 September 1958
- **event end**: French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic
- **date end**: 4 October
- **year end**: 1958
- **p1**: Provisional Government of the French Republic
- **flag p1**: Flag of France (1794–1958).svg
- **s1**: French Fifth Republic
- **flag s1**: Flag of France (1794–1958).svg
- **s2**: French Community
- **flag s2**: Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg
French Fifth Republic

The **Fifth Republic** (), France's current republican system of government, was created by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958.

The Fifth Republic was created after the collapse of the Fourth Republic, replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential (or dual-executive) system that split powers between a prime minister as head of government and a president as head of state.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: French Republic
- **common name**: France
- **englishmotto**: "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
- **national anthem**:

- **image flag**: Flag of France.svg
- **image coat**: Coat of arms of the French Republic.svg
- **symbol type**: National emblem of France, Emblem
- **image map**: World-EU-France.svg
- **capital**: Paris
- **largest city**: capital
- **government type**: Unitary state, Unitary Semi-presidential system, semi-presidential Republic, constitutional republic
- **leader title1**: President of France, President
- **leader title2**: Prime Minister of France, Prime Minister
- **leader name1**: Emmanuel Macron
- **leader name2**: Élisabeth Borne
- **legislature**: French Parliament, Parliament
- **upper house**: Senate (France), Senate
- **lower house**: National Assembly (France), National Assembly
- **languages type**: Official language

- **languages**: French language, French
- **cctld**: .fr
- **calling code**: Telephone numbers in France, +33
- **date format**: dd/mm/yyyy (Anno Domini, AD)
- **iso3166code**: FR
French Directory

The **Directory** (also called **Directorate**, ) was a five-member committee in the French First Republic from 2 November 1795 until 9 November 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced by the Consulate.
French Consulate

**The Consulate** (French: _Le Consulat_) was the top-level Government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of Brumaire on 10 November 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire on 18 May 1804.

During this time, Napoleon Bonaparte, as First Consul (_Premier consul_), created himself as the head of a more authoritarian, autocratic, and centralized republican government in France while not declaring himself sole ruler.

Napoleon brought authoritarian personal rule which has been viewed as military dictatorship.
Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure

**Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure** (; 27 February 17673 March 1855) was a  French lawyer and statesman. He is best known as the first head of state of the Second Republic.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure
- **image**: Dupont de l'Eure.jpg
- **office**: President of France, Chairman of the
Provisional Government of France
- **term start**: 26 February 1848
- **term end**: 9 May 1848
- **predecessor**: Louis Philippe I

Philippe VII

Louis-Mathieu Molé

- **successor**: François Arago

- **birth date**: 27 February 1767
- **birth place**: Le Neubourg, Kingdom of France
- **death place**: Rouge-Perriers, Second French Empire, French Empire
- **party**: Moderate Republicans (France), Moderate Republicans
French Executive Commission (1848)

The **Executive Commission of 1848** was a short-lived government during the French Second Republic. It was chaired by François Arago. It lasted from 9 May 1848 to 24 June 1848. It replaced the Provisional Government of 1848 and was in turn replaced by the Cabinet of General Cavaignac.

The members of the Commission acted as joint head of state.