juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rayville, Louisiana

**Rayville** is the parish seat of Richland Parish, Louisiana, United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Rayville, Louisiana
- **official name**: Town of Rayville
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in Louisiana, Town
- **image skyline**: Rayville, LA, welcome sign IMG 0148.JPG
- **image caption**: Rayville welcome sign
- **map caption**: Interactive map of Rayville
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Richland Parish, Louisiana, Richland
- **area total sq mi**: 2.34
- **area land sq mi**: 2.31
- **area water sq mi**: 0.03
- **elevation ft**: 82
- **population total**: 3347
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset1**: -6
- **timezone1 dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset1 dst**: -5
- **area code**: Area code 318, 318
- **blank name sec1**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info sec1**: 22-63680
Iran Standard Time

**Iran Standard Time (IRST),** also called **Iran Time (IRT),** is a time zone used in Iran. The standard time is 3.5 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+03:30). During its daylight saving time (DST), it used **Iran Daylight Time (IRDT)**, which was 4.5 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+04:30), but however, from 2006 to 2007, IRDT was not used in Iran, but was re-introduced on March 21, 2008. On September 21, 2022, Iran abolished daylight saving time and now observes standard time the entire year.

## Daylight saving dates for Iran

Before it was ended in 2022, daylight saving time (DST) started on March 21 or 22 (Farvardin) and ended on September 21-22 (Shahrivar).
Northwest Italy

**Northwest Italy** ( or just ) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a NUTS1 level region.

Northwest Italy is defined only for statistical and for some elections.

## Geography

Northwest Italy borders to the west with France, to the north with Switzerland and to the east with Northeast Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna). To the south is Toscana (Central Italy), a short distance, and the Ligurian Sea.

The Alps are in the northern part of the region and the northern Apennines in the south. The highest point in the region and in Italy is Mont Blanc (), in the Alps (Valle d'Aosta) on the border with France; it is  high.

Northwest Italy has an important part of the valley of the Po river (). The Po is the longest river of Northeast Italy and of Italy.

## Regions

Central Italy encompasses four of the 20 regions of Italy, including 24 provinces and 1,789  comuniː

|Region|Capital|Population <small>(2016)</small> !! Area <small>(km²)</small> !! Density <small>(inh./km²)</small> !! Provinces !! Comuni|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Liguria|Genoa|1,571,053|5,416.21||4|235|
|Lombardy|Milan|10,008,349|23,863.65||12|1,524|
|Piedmont|Turin|4,404,246|25,387.07||8|1,201|
|Valle d'Aosta|Aosta|127,329|3,260.90||1|74|
|**Total**|16,110,977|57,927.83||25|3,034||

The _comuni_ with more than 100,000 persons living in them areː

|Comune|Population|Province|Region||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Milan|align=right|1,345,851|Milan|Lombardy|
|Turin|align=right|890,529|Turin|Piedmont|
|Genoa|align=right|586,655|Genoa|Liguria|
|Brescia|align=right|196,480|Brescia|Lombardy|
|Monza|align=right|122,671|Monza and Brianza|Lombardy|
|Bergamo|align=right|119,381|Bergamo|Lombardy|
|Novara|align=right|104,380|Novara|Piedmont|

## Related pages

- NUTS level 1:
    - **Northwest Italy**
    - Northeast Italy
    - Central Italy
    - South Italy
    - Insular Italy
- Northern Italy
- Southern Italy

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Northwest Italy
- **native name**:

- **native name lang**: it
- **image map**: File:Italia nord-occidentale.svg
- **map alt**: Map of Italy, highlighting Northwest Italy, highlighting central Italy
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Italy
- **parts type**: Regions of Italy, Regions
- **parts style**: list
- **parts**: #Regions, List
- **p1**: Aosta Valley
- **p2**: Liguria
- **p3**: Lombardy
- **p4**: Piedmont
- **blank name**: Languages
- **blank info**:  
- **blank1 name**:  – Official language
- **blank1 info**: Italian language, Italian
- **blank2 name**:  – Languages of Italy#Historical linguistic minorities, Official linguistic minorities
- **blank3 name**:  – Regional languages
- **area total km2**: 57950
- **population est**: 15,817,057
- **pop est as of**: 2022
Kevin Geer

**Kevin Scully Geer** (November 7, 1952 – January 25, 2017) was an American actor. He appeared on stage and screen. He began his career in 1975. His best known stage performances included _A Streetcar Named Desire_ (1988), _The Rose Tattoo_ (1995), _Flyovers_, _Side Man_ (both 1998) and _Twelve Angry Men_ (2004). His television appearances included _Oz_, _Law & Order_, _Homicide_, _China Beach_, _M*A*S*H_ and _MacGyver_. He also appeared in the movies _A Force of One_ (1979), _The Pelican Brief_ (1993), _The Contender_ (2000), _American Gangster_ (2007), _Bunker Hill_ (2008) and _The Men Who Stare at Goats_ (2009).

Geer was born in Reno, Nevada. He grew up in Los Angeles, California. He died from a heart attack on January 25, 2017 in Manhattan, New York. He was 64.

## Other websites

- Kevin Geer on Broadway at _Playbill.com_

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kevin Geer
- **birth name**: Kevin Scully Geer
- **birth place**: Reno, Nevada, Reno, Nevada, U.S.
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1975–2017
Heng Freylinger

**Henri** "**Heng**" **Freylinger** (23 September 1926 – 17 January 2017) was a Luxembourgian wrestler. He competed in the Greco-Roman welterweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.  In 2008 he was given the Order of Merit of Luxembourg for his service to the state in sports. Freylinger was a 12-time Luxembourgeous champion.

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Heng Freylinger
- **image**: Heng Freylinger.jpg
- **caption**: Freylinger in March 2008
- **birth place**: Schuttrange, Luxembourg (canton), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Bob Holiday

**Bob Holiday** (November 12, 1932 – January 27, 2017) was an American actor. He was best known for playing Superman in the Broadway musical _It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's Superman!_ (1966). He had the most appearances as Superman than any other actor, making over 140 performances. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.

Holiday died on January 27, 2017, at his home in Hawley, Pennsylvania, aged 84.
Gisella Sofio

**Gisella Sofio** (19 February 1931 – 27 January 2017) was an Italian actress. She began her career in the 1950s. She had roles in the movies _Accidents to the Taxes!!_ (1951), _Rascel-Fifì_ (1957), _La liceale_ (1975), _The Big Heart of Girls_ and _The Worst Week of My Life_ (both 2011). She was born in Milan.

Sofio died on 27 January 2017 in Rome at the age of 85.
Bill Fischer (American football)

**William Anton** "**Bill**" **Fischer** (March 10, 1927 – January 20, 2017), nicknamed "**Moose**", was an American football player. He played as an offensive lineman. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Chicago Cardinals from 1949 to 1953. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

Fischer died on January 20, 2017 in Cape Coral, Florida. He was 89.
Alexander Tikhanovich

**Alexander Grigorievich Tikhanovich** (; 13 July 1952 – 28 January 2017) was a Belarusian pop singer. He was best known as a member of the band Verasy. He was awarded the Meritorious Artist and People's Artist honours of Belarus. He was born in Minsk, Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union.

Tikhanovich died on 28 January 2017 in Minsk at the age of 64.
Rettenberg

**Rettenberg** is a municipality  in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. Rettenberg is twinned with the village La Frénaye in Northern France (close to Le Havre). Rettenberg is the southernmost village with breweries (_Engelbräu_ and _Zötlerbrauerei_) in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Rettenberg COA.svg
- **image photo**: Rettenberg im Oberallgäu, Ortskern, Blick vom Grünten, 2005.jpg
- **image caption**: Rettenberg
- **image plan**: Rettenberg in OA.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Schwaben
- **district**: Oberallgäu
- **elevation**: 805
- **area**: 60.08
- **population**: 4158
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 87549
- **area code**: 08327
- **licence**: OA
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 7 80 137
- **mayor**: Oliver Kunz (since 1.May 2008)
- **party**: CSU
- **website**: [http://www.rettenberg.de www.rettenberg.de]
Sonthofen

**Sonthofen** is the most southern town of Germany. It is in the Oberallgäu region of the Bavarian Alps. Oberstdorf is  farther south but is not a town. In 2005, Sonthofen was awarded "Alpenstadt des Jahres" (Alpine city of the year).

In World War II Sonthofen was bombed twice. This was because Adolf Hitler had built the _Ordensburg Sonthofen_ in Sonthofen. Young boys were trained there for Nazi Party organisations. Sonthofen was given town rights on 18 August 1963.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Sonthofen COA.svg
- **image photo**: SonthofenVonOben.jpg
- **image caption**: Sonthofen
- **image plan**: Sonthofen in OA.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Schwaben
- **district**: Oberallgäu
- **elevation**: 750-1100
- **area**: 20.982
- **population**: 20000
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 87527
- **area code**: 08321
- **licence**: OA
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 7 80 139
- **mayor**: Christian Wilhelm
- **website**: [http://www.sonthofen.de www.sonthofen.de]
Lennart Nilsson

**Lennart Nilsson** (24 August 1922 – 28 January 2017) was a Swedish photographer. He was known for his photographs of human embryos and other medical subjects once thought not to be photographable. He was also known for his extreme macro photography. His book, _A Child Is Born_ (1965), featured many of his photographs. He was born in Strängnäs, Södermanland County.

Nilsson died on 28 January 2017 at the age of 94.
Sulzberg, Oberallgäu

**Sulzberg** is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. Since 1990, Sulzberg has been twinned with the municipality Chailland (Mayenne) in France.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Sulzberg
- **image coa**: DEU Sulzberg COA.svg
- **image photo**: Sulzberg, OA - Hitzleberg sö - Sulzberg v W, Winter.jpg
- **image caption**: Sulzberg seen from the west
- **image plan**: Sulzberg in OA.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Schwaben
- **district**: Oberallgäu
- **elevation**: 700-990
- **area**: 41.00
- **postal code**: 87477
- **area code**: 08376
- **licence**: OA
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 7 80 140
- **mayor**: Thomas Hartmann
- **website**: [http://www.sulzberg.de www.sulzberg.de]
Geoff Nicholls

**Geoffrey James** "**Geoff**" **Nicholls** (28 February 1948 – 28 January 2017) was a British musician and keyboardist. He was best known as a member of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath. He did not perform with the band after 2004. He was born in Birmingham.

Nicholls died from lung cancer on 28 January 2017 at the age of 68.
Insular Italy

**Insular Italy** ( or just ) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a NUTS1 level region.

Insular Italy is defined only for statistical and for some elections and includes the two main Italian islands: Sicily and Sardinia, together with other small islands and archipelagos next to them.

## Geography

Sicily is the largest Mediterranean island with an area of . To the east, it is separated from the Italian mainland by the Strait of Messina, about  wide in the north, and about  wide in the southern part. Its highest point is Mount Etna (), the largest active volcano in Europe with an altitude of . The longest river of the island is the Salso river,  long.

Sardinia is the second largest Mediterranean island with an area of . To the east is the Tyrrhenian Sea that separates the island from mainland Italy, and to the north is the Strait of Bonifacio that separates Sardinia from the French island of Corsica. Its highest point is Punta La Marmora () with an altitude of . The longest river of the island is the Tirso river,  long.

## Regions

Insular Italy has 2 of the 20 regions of Italy, including 24 provinces and 1,789  comuniː

|Region|Capital|Population <small>(2016)</small> !! Area <small>(km²)</small> !! Density <small>(inh./km²)</small> !! Provinces !! Comuni|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Sardinia|Cagliari|1,658,138|24,100.02||5|377|
|Sicily|Palermo|5,074,261|25,832.39||9|390|
|**Total**|6,732,399|49,932.41||14|767||

The _comuni_ with more than 100,000 persons living in them areː

|Comune|Population|Province|Region||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Palermo|align=right|674,435|Palermo|Sicily|
|Catania|align=right|314,555|Catania|Sicily|
|Messina|align=right|238,439|Messina|Sicily|
|Cagliari|align=right|154,460|Cagliari|Sardinia|
|Sassari|align=right|127,525|Sassari|Sardinia|
|Siracusa|align=right|122,291|Siracusa|Sicily|

## Related pages

- NUTS level 1:
    - Northwest Italy
    - Northeast Italy
    - Central Italy
    - South Italy
    - **Insular Italy**
- Northern Italy
- Southern Italy

## Infobox (settlement)

- **image map**: Italia insulare.svg
- **native name lang**: it
- **area total km2**: 49801
- **population est**: 6,377,044
- **pop est as of**: 2022
- **subdivision type**: Composition
- **subdivision name**: Sardinia
 Sicily
Lucia Bosè

**Lucia Bosè** (**' **Borloni_'; 28 January 1931 – 23 March 2020) was an Italian actress. She reached peak fame during the time of Italian neorealism in the 1940s and 1950s. She appeared in the movies _Under the Olive Tree_, _Story of a Love Affair_ (both 1950), _The Lady Without Camelias_ (1953), _Death of a Cyclist_ (1955) and _Harem Suare'' (1999). In 1947, she was Miss Italia.

Bosè was born in Milan. She was married to Spanish bullfighter Luis Dominguín from 1955 to 1967. The couple had three children, including Miguel (b. 1956, Panama City). She was the grandmother of Bimba Bosé (1975–2017).

On 23 March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, Bosè died of pneumonia caused by COVID-19 in Segovia. She was 89.
Many Clouds

**Many Clouds** (21 April 2007 – 28 January 2017) was a Thoroughbred racehorse. He was best known for winning the Hennessy Gold Cup (2014), the Grand National (2015) and the Cotswold Chase (2015, 2017).

Many Clouds was bred in Ireland but was trained in United Kingdom.

Many Clouds died on 28 January 2017 in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. He collapsed after winning his second Cotswold Chase and died from a pulmonary haemorrhage. He was nine.
Wim Anderiesen Jr.

**Gerardus Willem** "**Wim**" **Anderiesen Jr.** (2 September 1931 – 27 January 2017) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a defender at club level from the early-1950s to the mid-1960s. He played for Ajax from 1951 to 1961. He later played for Holland Sport.

Anderiesen was born in Amsterdam, North Holland. He was named after his father Wim Anderiesen (1903–1944). He died on 27 January 2017 in Heerhugowaard at the age of 85.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Wim Anderiesen Jr.
- **image**: Wim Anderiesen (1964).jpg
- **caption**: Anderiesen in August 1964
- **birth place**: Amsterdam, Netherlands
- **death place**: Heerhugowaard, Netherlands
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **years1**: 1951–1961
- **clubs1**: AFC Ajax, Ajax
- **caps1**: 177
- **goals1**: 1
- **years2**: 1961–1965
- **clubs2**: Holland Sport
Ni Yulan

**Ni Yulan** is a Chinese business lawyer. In 2016, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

## Activities

Ni fought for property rights for people who lost their homes because of building for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. She went to prison many times. In prison she was beaten and lost the use of her legs. She applied for a passport to travel to the U.S. to receive the award, but the Chinese government refused.

## Other websites

- 2016 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Voa chinese Ni Yulan 4oct10.jpg
- **name**: Ni Yulan
- **birth date**: 1960
- **birth place**: Beijing, China
- **spouse**: Dong Jiqin ()
- **children**: Dong Xuan (, daughter)
- **known for**: human rights advocacy
Tirso (river)

The **Tirso** () is the most important river of Sardinia for its length and the size of its drainage basin. It starts on the mountains of the centre of the island and ends in the Mediterranean Sea.

## Name

The river was known in Sardinia as _riu de Aristanis_ ("river of Oristano") or, simply, _riu Mannu_ (the "big river"). The name Tirso began to be used in modern times following Ptolemy that named it in ancient times as "Thyrsos" (, "mouth of the Tirso river").

## Geography

The Tirso river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) depends of the season; its average discharge is  but is very low during summer.

### Course

The Tirso river starts in the Buddusò plateau, on the slopes of _Punta Pianedda_, at an elevation of about , to the north of the _comune_ of Bitti. From here, the river flows to the southwest.

Finally, after , it flows into the Gulf of Oristano in the Sea of Sardinia (Mediterranean Sea). The river enters the sea at about  to the north of the city of Oristano.

The river forms the "Omodeo lake", an artificial lake that is  long and  wide; it is one of largest artificial lake in Italy.

It flows through 81 comuni.

## Main tributaries

Most tributaries of the Tirso are small streams; the main tributaries are:
- Taloro, the main tributary,  long and a drainage basin of ; and
- Massari, the second largest tributary,  long and a drainage basin of .

Both rivers are left tributaries of the Tirso.

## Related pages

- List of rivers of Italy

## Other websites

- Zerphaliu: _Il fiume Tirso_

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Tirso
Tirsu
- **source1 location**: Punta Pianedda (Buddusò) plateau
- **mouth**: Mediterranean Sea
- **mouth location**: Gulf of Oristano
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Italy
Theo Brokmann Jr.

**Theodorus Johannes Franciscus** "**Theo**" **Brokmann Jr.** (born 3 July 1922) is a Dutch former footballer. He played as a striker. He played for Ajax from 1939 to 1951.

Brokmann was born in Amsterdam, North Holland. He was the son of and named after Theo Brokmann (1893–1956).

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Theo Brokmann Jr.
- **image**: Theo Brokmann jr..jpg
- **fullname**: Theodorus Johannes Franciscus Brokmann
- **birth place**: Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- **death place**: Haarlem, The Netherlands
- **position**: Forward (association football), Striker
- **years1**: 1939–1951
- **clubs1**: Ajax Amsterdam, Ajax
- **caps1**: 126
- **goals1**: 79
Michael Tönnies

**Michael Tönnies** (19 December 1959 – 26 January 2017) was a German footballer. He was born in Essen. He played as a striker. He played from 1978 to 1994.

Tönnies was best known for playing for MSV Duisburg, playing in 179 league games and scoring over 100 goals. He also played for Schalke 04, SpVgg Bayreuth, 1. FC Bocholt, Rot-Weiss Essen and Wuppertaler SV. He held a Bundesliga record, scoring the fastest hat-trick (three goals). He held the record from 1991 until 2015, when Robert Lewandowski beat the record.

Tönnies died on 26 January 2017 at the age of 57.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Michael Tönnies
- **height**: 1.82 m
- **birth place**: Essen, West Germany
- **position**: Striker (association football), Striker
- **years1**: 1978–1981
- **clubs1**: FC Schalke 04, Schalke 04
- **caps1**: 7
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1981–1982
- **clubs2**: SpVgg Bayreuth
- **caps2**: 24
- **goals2**: 5
- **years3**: 1982–1985
- **clubs3**: 1. FC Bocholt, FC Bocholt
- **caps3**: 64
- **goals3**: 46
- **years4**: 1985–1987
- **clubs4**: Rot-Weiss Essen
- **caps4**: 45
- **goals4**: 31
- **years5**: 1987–1992
- **clubs5**: MSV Duisburg
- **caps5**: 179
- **goals5**: 101
- **years6**: 1992–1994
- **clubs6**: Wuppertaler SV
- **caps6**: 45
- **goals6**: 17
- **totalcaps**: 364
- **totalgoals**: 200
- **nationalyears1**: 1977–1978
- **nationalteam1**: Germany national under-18 football team, West Germany U-18
- **nationalcaps1**: 3
- **nationalgoals1**: 5
Piet Ouderland

**Piet Ouderland** (17 March 1933 – 3 September 2017) was a Dutch footballer and basketball player. He was born in Amsterdam, North Holland.

As a footballer, Ouderland played as a striker. He played Ajax, AZ Alkmaar and the Netherlands national team. For Ajax, he made 261 total appearances with the club between 1955 and 1964. This made him a member of Club van 100. He also made seven appearances with the national team in 1962 and 1963. As a basketball player, he also played for the national team. He was the first Dutchman to play for the national sides of football and basketball.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Piet Ouderland
- **image**: Piet Ouderland (1959).jpg
- **caption**: Ouderland in August 1959
- **fullname**: Pieter Ouderland
- **birth place**: Amsterdam, Netherlands
- **death place**: Amsterdam, Netherlands
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward, Defender (association football), defender
- **years1**: 1950–1955
- **clubs1**: OVVO Amsterdam
- **caps1**: ?
- **goals1**: ?
- **years2**: 1955–1964
- **clubs2**: AFC Ajax, Ajax
- **caps2**: 220
- **goals2**: 20
- **years3**: 1964–1967
- **clubs3**: AZ Alkmaar, FC Zaanstreek
- **caps3**: ?
- **goals3**: ?
- **years4**: 1967–1968
- **clubs4**: AZ Alkmaar, AZ '67
- **caps4**: 30
- **goals4**: 5
- **years5**: 1968–1969
- **clubs5**: ZFC (football club), ZFC
- **caps5**: ?
- **goals5**: ?
- **nationalyears1**: 1962–1963
- **nationalteam1**: Netherlands national football team, Netherlands
- **nationalcaps1**: 7
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1969–1971
- **managerclubs1**: AZ Alkmaar, AZ '67 (assistant)
- **manageryears2**: 1971–1976
- **managerclubs2**: Amsterdamsche FC, AFC
Henry-Louis de La Grange

**Henry-Louis de La Grange** (26 May 1924 – 27 January 2017) was a French musicologist. He was known for being known as a biographer of Gustav Mahler. He was born in Paris. La Grange began working as a music critic in 1952, writing articles for the _New York Herald Tribune_ and _The New York Times_, and the magazines _Opera News_, _Saturday Review_, _Musical America_, and _Opus_.

La Grange died in Paris on 27 January 2017 from complications of pneumonia, aged 92.

## Other websites

- Mediathèque Musicale Mahler website
- "Downloadable Interview with Henry-Luis de La Grange – Mahler Revealed" (8 May 2008)  at ClassicalSource.com.
- Introduction to Mahler Symphonies Notes (Henry-Louis de La Grange) at Scribd.com .This is no longer available!
- The Lebrecht Report: A new view of Mahler (5 March 2008) , a review of _Gustav Mahler_, vol. 4, by Norman Lebrecht at _La Scena Musicale_ website.
Christopher Bland

**Sir Francis Christopher Buchan Bland** (29 May 1938 – 28 January 2017) was a British businessman and politician. He was born in Yokohama, Japan.

He was deputy chairman of the Independent Television Authority (1972), which was renamed the Independent Broadcasting Authority in the same year, and chairman of London Weekend Television (1984) and of the Board of Governors of the BBC (1996 to 2001), when he took up a position as chairman of British Telecommunications plc.  He left his position with BT in September 2007.

Before leaving BT, he became chairman of the Royal Shakespeare Company, in 2004.

Bland died on 28 January 2017 in Clanville, Hampshire from complications of prostate cancer, aged 78.
Number One Observatory Circle

The **Number One Observatory Circle** is the official residence of the vice president of the United States and the second family. It is located on the northeast grounds of the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C. and it has been the residence of every U.S. vice president since Nelson Rockefeller in 1974.

## Layout and amenities

The house is 9,000 square feet, The first floor has a dining room, garden room, living room, lounges, pantry kitchen, reception hall, sitting room, and veranda. The second floor contains the main bedroom suite, an additional bedroom, a den, and a study. The attic has four bedrooms. The main kitchen is located in the basement.

## Other websites

- Number One Observatory Circle; YouTube

## Infobox (historic building)

- **name**: Number One Observatory Circle
- **alternate names**: The Vice President's Residence (VPR)
- **image**: File:Number One Observatory Circle; December 2017.jpg
- **caption**: Number One Observatory Circle, Washington D.C. the official residence of the vice president of the United States
- **address**: 1 Observatory Circle NW, United StatesWashington, D.C., United States
- **status**: Open
- **opened date**: 1974
- **architect**: Leon E. Dessez
- **current tenants**: JD Vance, Vice President of the United States and the Second Family
Waltenhofen

**Waltenhofen** is a municipality  in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. On 1 January 1972, the  previously independent municipality of Memhölz was incorporated into Waltenhofen. On January 1 1976, Niedersonthofen was added, and on April 1, 1976 Martin im Allgäu was also added. The mayor has been Eckhard Harscher since 2006.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Waltenhofen COA.svg
- **image photo**: St. Martin und Alexander in Waltenhofen.jpg
- **image caption**: Saints Martin and Alexander Church
- **image plan**: Waltenhofen in OA.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Schwaben
- **district**: Oberallgäu
- **elevation**: 722
- **area**: 59.82
- **population**: 8968
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 87448
- **area code**: 08303
- **licence**: OA
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 7 80 143
- **mayor**: Eckhard Harscher
- **website**: [http://www.waltenhofen.de www.waltenhofen.de]
Weitnau

**Weitnau** is a municipality in the rural district Oberallgäu in Bavaria/Germany. Weitnau is in the foothills of the Allgäu Alps.

Alexander Streicher became the mayor in 2008.

Weitnau became twinned with Magné in France in 1986.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Weitnau COA.svg
- **image photo**: Gasthof Adler in Weitnau.jpg
- **image caption**: Gasthof Adler in Weitnau
- **image plan**: Weitnau in OA.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Schwaben
- **district**: Oberallgäu
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Weitnau
- **elevation**: 798-1243
- **area**: 65.22
- **population**: 5217
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 87480
- **area code**: 08375
- **licence**: OA
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 7 80 144
- **mayor**: Alexander Streicher
- **party**: Independent
Kaniyan Pungundranar

Kaniyan Pungundranar is an influential Tamil poet and philosopher who lived during the Sangam Age. He was said to be born in the village of Mahibalanpatti in Tirupattur taluk of Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu.

Kaniyan Pungundranar composed two poems in Tamil in Purananuru and Natrinai. His poem in Purananuru is a famous poem, it starts with the lines of <big>**Yaadhum Oore Yavarum Kelir**</big> speaks about unity. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, the former president of India spoke about these lines in the United Nations Organisation. At present, these lines are depicted in the UNO.
Andreas Sparman

**Andreas Sparman** or  **Andreas Palmcron** (1609 – November 30, 1658) was a Swedish doctor. He was the personal physician to Queen Christina and King Charles X Gustav of Sweden. He is most known for his book, _Sundhetzens Speghel_, which is considered to be the best medical book of the century, and is sometimes considered to be the first Swedish cookbook.

## Life

Andreas Sparman was born Andreas Schomerus in Sparrsätra parish, Uppsala County, Sweden.  He died in
Stockholm.  When he wrote his dissertation in 1629, he used the name "Schomerus", but later changed his name to Sparrman, for his birthplace. He was knighted in 1647 with the name Palmcron.

Sparman's father was Nikolaus Olai.  His mother was Susanna Andersdotter.  His first wife was Helena Isaksdotter.  His second wife was Susanna Lilliecrona.  He had a daughter, Brita Susanna Palmkron, with his second wife.

Sparman studied medicine in the city of Leiden, in the Netherlands.  After he returned to Sweden he became the city doctor for Stockholm.  Later, he was the personal doctor to Queen Christina and Charles X Gustav of Sweden.

## Books

In connection with the plague epidemic in 1638, Sparman wrote an educational book about the plague. It was a summary of how to prevent and treat the disease. It was published again during plague epidemics in 1652 and 1710.

In 1642, Sparman wrote the most complete book ever published about preventive health care, _Sundhetzen's Speghel, uthi hwilken man beskodhar Sundhetzens Natur,..._ or "Mirror of Health, from which one may learn the nature of health, the principle causes of all diseases which chiefly undermine health, together with the remedies which deliver us from them".
  It is considered the best _läkebok_ or medical book of the century.  Part of the book is written in the form of the alexandrine French poetry meter. It was probably based on some foreign works.  Sparman's book warned about the medical dangers of alcohol.

Because of the severe _rödsots_ or dysentery epidemics, in 1652 Sparman wrote about how to prevent dysentery.

Sparman also translated the hymns of the Psalms.  He got permission to publish them, but they were never published.

## Other websites

- _Sundhetzens Speghel_ Digital scan of 1686 edition.
- _Sundhetzens Speghel_ on WorldCat
- Other works on WorldCat.
Elkin Ramírez

**Elkin Fernando Ramírez Zapata** (26 October 1962 – 29 January 2017) was a Colombian singer-songwriter. He was best known as the lead singer of the rock band Kraken. He was also a member to bands such as Kripzy (1981–1982) and Ferrotrack (1983–1984). He joined Kraken in 1985. He was born in Medellín, Antioquia.

Ramírez died from brain cancer on 29 January 2017 in Medellín. He was 54.
Walt Streuli

**Walter Herbert "Walt" Streuli** (September 26, 1935 – January 19, 2017) was an American professional baseball player. He played as a catcher. He appeared in six Major League Baseball games over parts of three seasons with the 1954–1956 Detroit Tigers.

Streuli was born in Memphis, Tennessee. He studied at Rhodes College. Streuli died in Greensboro, North Carolina on January 19, 2017, aged 81.

## Other websites

- Box score from Retrosheet
R-dropping

**R-dropping** also called **non-rhoticity** or **post vocalic r-lessness** happens to English-speakers when the "r" sound is not pronounced after a vowel. Then the words "car" and "card"  both sound like "cah" and "cahd". That happens for some speakers in the United States, especially in the Boston and New York City areas and pockets of the American South especially the Greater New Orleans area, Virginia's Tidewater region and among speakers of ethnolects such as African American Vernacular English and Cajun English. British and Northeastern r-droppers usually pronounce "r" when the next word begins with a vowel as in "car is". For them, "spa" and "spar" sound alike, Southern, African American and South African r-droppers don't add additional Rs.

The pronunciation of the R is kept in the Scottish, Irish and most of the U.S. and Canada versions of spoken English. The R-droppers include most of England, Wales, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.

Non-rhoticity can result in vowel mergers such as

_bud-bird merger_ - common in completely non-rhotic accents where the 'nurse' vowel merges with the short 'u'

_comma-commer merger_ the r pronounced like a schwa at the end of a word.

_dough-door merger_ - found mostly in r-dropping varieties of Southern American English and a few ethnolects such as Cajun English & AAVE. Results in the "or" dipthong being pronounced like the "oh" dipthong (examples include "floor" pronounced like "flow", " more" as "moe", " court" as "coat" etc)

The issue of how the R is used is called **rhoticity** by linguists.

## Other websites

- wiktionary for rhotic
- wiktionary for non-rhotic
Jamshid Giunashvili

**Jamshid Giunashvili** (; 1 May 1931 – 21 January 2017). He was a Georgian linguist, Iranologist, researcher, author, and diplomat. He having served as the first ambassador of Georgia to Iran for a period of ten years from 1994 through 2004.

## Biography

Giunashvili was born in Tehran, Iran. He graduated from Tbilisi State University with a doctors degree in Iranian studies. Giunashvili died on 21 January 2017 in Tbilisi, Georgia, aged 86.

## Related pages

- List of Asian scientists by country

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jamshid Giunashvili
- **image**: Jemshid Giunashvili.jpg
- **caption**: Jamshid Giunashvili
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **birth place**: Tehran, Iran
- **death place**: Tbilisi
Brunhilde Pomsel

**Brunhilde Pomsel** (11 January 1911 – 27 January 2017) was a German broadcaster and secretary. She was born in Berlin. She was known as a personal secretary to politician Joseph Goebbels. She began work in the news department of the Third Reich's radio station in 1933. After World War II ended, she was not released from jail until 1950. She retired in 1971 at the age of 60.

Pomsel turned 100 in 2011. She died on 27 January 2017 in Munich at the age of 106.
Anne-Marie Colchen

**Anne-Marie Colchen-Maillet** (8 December 1925 – 26 January 2017) was a French former track and field athlete and women's basketball player. She was born in Le Havre, France.

## Career

She became France's first high jump champion at the 1946 European Athletics Championships and held the French record for the event for ten years. She represented France in high jump at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

In basketball she was the highest scorer at the 1953 FIBA World Championship for Women, helping France to third place. She was a member of the French national team for the European Women's Basketball Championship in 1950, 1952, 1954 and 1956.

After retiring from active competition she went into coaching. Colchen was inducted into the Gloire du sport (the French national sports hall of fame) in 2002.

## Death

Colchen died on 26 January 2017 in Paris, France, aged 91.
Sachet d'épices

A **sachet d'épices** is a small cheesecloth sack containing herbs and spices. It is used to add flavor to stocks, soups and sauces. It means "small bag of spices" in French.

It is often simply called a _sachet_. It is used like a _bouquet garni_, but a sachet's ingredients are inside a cheesecloth while a _bouquet garni_ is not. This means that spices such as whole peppercorns and dried herbs, which cannot be used in a _bouquet garni_, can go in a sachet.
Laurie Salas

**Dame Margaret Laurence** "**Laurie**" **Salas** (née **Hay**, 8 February 1922 – 26 January 2017) was a New Zealand women's rights and peace activist. She was born in Wellington, New Zealand.

Salas was involved with the Playcentre movement, and became that organisation's first representative on the National Council of Women. Salas was a New Zealand committee member for the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific, and she was also an honorary vice president of the New Zealand Institute of International Affairs. In the 1982 Queen's Birthday Honours Salas was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for community service.

Salas died on 26 January 2017 in Kaori, New Zealand, aged 94.
Atanas Kirov

**Atanas Kirov** (, 24 September 1946 – 27 January 2017) was a Bulgarian bantamweight weightlifter. He was born in Burgas, Bulgaria.

## Career

From 1973 and 1975, he won the world titles and three European titles and set two world records in the total. He competed in the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics and placed seventh and fifth, respectively.

## Death

Kirov died on 27 January 2017 in Sofia from a heart attack, aged 70.
Fine Air Flight 101

**Fine Air Flight 101** was a scheduled cargo flight from Miami International Airport, in Miami, Florida, to Las Américas International Airport in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. On August 7, 1997 the Douglas DC-8 crashed into a road (72nd Avenue) at 28th Street, in Miami near the airport. There were four people on the plane but only three bodies were found hours after the crash. Two people on the ground were reported to be injured. One person was killed while driving a vehicle.

## Accident

The probable cause was the airplane was the cargo being loaded too far to the back of the plane. Combined with an incorrect stabilizer trim setting, the aircraft pitched up too far at takeoff. Witnesses said the plane looked like it was going to flip backwards as it took off. The plane, weighing , struggle to an altitude of . Then it fell back to the ground, tail first. When the plane hit the ground it broke apart and caught fire.

## Other websites

- Fine Air Flight 101; YouTube
- NTSB Aircraft Accident Report, Fine Air Flight 101, August 7, 1997

## Infobox (aircraft occurrence)

- **name**: Fine Air Flight 101
- **image**: Fine Air McDonnell Douglas DC-8-61F N27UA.jpg
- **caption**: The Fine Air Douglas DC-8 that crashed
- **occurrence type**: Accident
- **summary**: Loss of control on take-off due to improper aircraft loading
- **site**: Miami International Airport, Miami, Florida, United States
- **total fatalities**: 5
- **total injuries**: 2 (on ground)
- **aircraft type**: Douglas DC-8, Douglas DC-8-61F
- **operator**: Fine Air
- **tail number**: N27UA
- **origin**: Miami International Airport
- **destination**: Las Américas International Airport
- **passengers**: 1
- **crew**: 3
- **fatalities**: 4
- **survivors**: 0
- **occupants**: 4
- **ground fatalities**: 1
- **ground injuries**: 2
Zakia Soman

**Zakia Soman** (Arabic: زكية سومان ) is an activist from India. She is the head of the human rights group Bharatiya Muslim Mahila Andolan (BMMA).  In 2014, she received the Outstanding Women Achievers award from the National Commission for Women.

## Life

Soman is from Ahmedabad, Gujarat in India.  She worked as a university professor.

## Work

Soman fights for women to be able to enter religious shrines.  She works to reform Islamic divorce customs in India, and to stop the triple talaq practice of divorce in Islam for the 90 million Muslim women in India. The BMMA works for women's rights in Islam and recommended changes in India's family law.

In 2013, the BMMA did a survey of 5000 women about women's rights in Islamic families.  After that, they trained 30 women as judges to help solve family problems. In the survey, 92 percent of women had agreed to ban the one-sided triple divorce.  The Shariah court for women was started because they thought that women were not being heard in the male Shariah court. In the survey, 92 percent of the women were also opposed to multiple wives.
Howard Frank Mosher

**Howard Frank Mosher** (June 16, 1942 – January 29, 2017) was an American author and retired high school teacher. He was known for his novels _Where the Rivers Flow North_ (1978) and _A Stranger In the Kingdom_ (1991). He was a Guggenheim Fellow in 1979, and is the 1981 recipient of the Literature Award bestowed by the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters.

Mosher was born in Cato, New York. He studied at Syracuse University in 1964. He taught English in Vermont at Orleans High and Lake Region Union High School during his early years. Mosher died of prostate cancer under hospice care in Irasburg, Vermont, aged 74.

## Other websites

- Howard Frank Mosher Official Website
- 2007 interview with The Optimistic Curmudgeon
Stuart Timmons

**Stuart Timmons** (January 14, 1957 – January 28, 2017) was an American journalist, activist, and historian. He was an award-winning author specializing in LGBT history. He was the author of _The Trouble With Harry Hay: Founder of the Modern Gay Movement_ and the co-author of _Gay L.A.: A History of Sexual Outlaws, Power Politics, And Lipstick Lesbians_ with Lillian Faderman. In 2007, Stuart began developing walking tours of LGBTQ historic sites in Los Angeles.

Timmons was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. In 2008, he suffered a massive stroke that left him paralyzed from the waist down.

Timmons died on January 28, 2017 at a hospital in Hollywood, California from cardiac arrest, at the age of 60.

## Other websites

- Official Site of Stuart Timmons
Ion Ungureanu

**Ion Ungureanu** (2 August 1935 – 28 January 2017) was a Moldovan actor and politician. He served as a member of parliament for first Parliament of Moldova from 1990 to 1994. During this time, he was Minister of Culture of Moldova. He was a screen actor between 1962 and 1990. He was born in Opaci.

Ungureanu died on 28 January 2017 in Bucharest, Romania at the age of 81.
Rocket League

***Rocket League*** is a vehicular association football video game. It is developed and published by Psyonix. It was first released on Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 4 in July 2015. It was later released on Xbox One, OS X and Linux in 2016. It is a sequel to _Supersonic Acrobatic Rocket-Powered Battle-Cars_ (2008).

It is multiplayer and single-player. Single-player has the "Season" game mode where the player plays against bots. Multiplayer is online and has 1 versus 1, 2 versus 2, 3 versus 3 and 4 versus 4 modes.

Players control a rocket-powered car and use it to hit big balls that is much larger than the cars towards the other team's goal area to score points.

Since 2019 the game has been owned by Epic Games

The game has received very positive reviews. As of January 2017, the game has had 25 million players since 2015.

## Modes

Rocket League offers both casual and competitive game modes. In casual mode, players can engage in various team sizes, including 1v1, 2v2, 3v3, and 4v4 matches. In the competitive mode, players can participate in ranked matches, including 1v1, 2v2, 3v3, 2v2 Hoops, 3v3 Rumble, 3v3 Snow Day, and 3v3 Dropshot.

The competitive mode features a ranking system, where players are assigned different ranks based on their performance. The ranks are as follows:

- Bronze  1-3
- Silver  1-3
- Gold 1-3
- Platinum  1-3
- Diamond  1-3
- Champion  1-3
- Grand champion 1-3
- Supersonic Legend (Maximum rank)
- The matchmaking rating (MMR) system in Rocket League determines a player's skill level and matchmaking placement. In the lower ranks up to Diamond 3, it typically takes two consecutive wins to advance to the next division. However, in the higher ranks, such as Champ to Supersonic Legend, it usually requires four to seven consecutive wins to progress to the next division.

Rocket League has a thriving esports scene known as the Rocket League Championship Series (RLCS). The RLCS features 16 professional teams competing in various tournaments throughout the year. These tournaments include seasonal majors and annual LAN (Local Area Network) events, where players compete for glory and substantial prize pools. Notably, professional players participating in RLCS are required to hold the highest rank achievable in the game, which is Supersonic Legend.

The Supersonic Legend rank is an exclusive achievement, with only approximately 0.05% of players reaching this elite status. It represents the pinnacle of skill and mastery in Rocket League.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Rocket League
- **image**: Rocket League coverart.jpg
- **developer**: Psyonix
- **publisher**: Psyonix
- **director**: Thomas Silloway
- **producer**: Sarah Hebbler
- **designer**: Corey Davis
- **programmer**: Jared Cone
- **artist**: Bobby McCoin
- **composer**: Mike Ault
- **engine**: Unreal Engine 3
- **genre**: Sports game, Sports
- **modes**: Single-player, multiplayer
Psyonix

**Psyonix Inc.** is an American video game development studio. It is based in San Diego, California. They were founded in 2000. They were officially incorporated on April 30, 2001. Psyonix are best known for publishing and developing _Rocket League_ since 2015. _Rocket League_ is a sequel to their other game, _Supersonic Acrobatic Rocket-Powered Battle-Cars_ (2008).

Psyonix also worked on games such as _Gears of War_, _Bulletstorm_ and _Homefront_.
Darryl Sutton

**Darryl Sutton** (27 July 1952 – 28 January 2017) was an Australian rules footballer. He played for North Melbourne, Richmond and the Sydney Swans in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was born in Tasmania.

Sutton had dementia. He died from pneumonia on 28 January 2017 at the age of 64.

## Infobox (afl biography)

- **name**: Darryl Sutton
- **caption**: Sutton during his North Melbourne career
- **fullname**: Darryl Lewis Sutton
- **birth place**: Hobart, Tasmania
- **death place**: Melbourne, Victoria
- **originalteam**: Glenorchy Football Club, Glenorchy (Tasmanian State League, TANFL)
- **height**: 183 cm
- **weight**: 84 kg
- **statsend**: 1986
- **years1**: 1970-72, 1974–75
- **club1**: Glenorchy Football Club, Glenorchy
- **games goals1**: 83 (160)
- **years2**: 1973, 1976–80
- **games goals2**: 91 (65)
- **years3**: 1981
- **games goals3**: 17 (5)
- **years4**: 1982–83
- **games goals4**: 6 (0)
- **years5**: 1983
- **club5**: Sydney Swans
- **games goals5**: 14 (25)
- **years6**: 1984-86
- **club6**: North Hobart Football Club, North Hobart
- **games goals6**: 38 (130)
- **games goalstotal**: 249 (385)
- **careerhighlights**: *List of VFL/AFL premiers, VFL Premiership player: (1977 VFL Grand Final, 1977)
* List of Tasmanian Football League premierships, TANFL Premiership player: (1975)
* 2x All-Australian team: (1979, 1980)
Richard Portman

**Richard Portman** (April 2, 1934 – January 28, 2017) was an American sound engineer. He worked on over 160 movies between 1963 and 2004. He won an Academy Award for Best Sound for _The Deer Hunter_ (1978). He was nominated ten other times for _Kotch_ (1971), _The Godfather_, _The Candidate_ (both 1972), _Paper Moon_, _The Day of the Dolphin_ (both 1973), _Young Frankenstein_ (1974), _Funny Lady_ (1975), _Coal Miner's Daughter_ (1980), _On Golden Pond_ (1981) and _The River_ (1984). He was born in Los Angeles, California.

Portman died of problems from a fall on January 28, 2017 in Tallahassee, Florida. He was 82.
Arthur H. Rosenfeld

**Arthur Hinton** "**Art**" **Rosenfeld** (June 22, 1926 – January 27, 2017) was an American physicist. He was Commissioner of the California Energy Commission from 2000 to 2010. From 1994 to 1999, he was a Senior Advisor for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in the United States Department of Energy. In 2011, he was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation by U.S. President Barack Obama.

Rosenfeld was born in Birmingham, Alabama. His wife of 53 years, Roselyn Bernheim "Roz" Rosenfeld, had died in 2009. They had two children.

Rosenfeld died from pneumonia on January 27, 2017 in Berkeley, California. He was 90.
Impasto

**Impasto** is a term used in painting and sometimes in pottery.

It means the paint is laid on thickly in places, thick enough so the brush or painting-knife strokes can be seen.  When dry, impasto gives texture, because some of the paint stands out from the canvas.

Impasto is an Italian word which means "to knead", or "to paste".
Azerbaijan Volleyball Federation

The **Azerbaijan Volleyball Federation** () also known as **AVF**, is the governing body of volleyball and beach volleyball in Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijan Volleyball Federation was founded in 1992. It became a member of the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) in 1992. It also joined the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV) in 1992. The Azerbaijan Volleyball Federation's president is Javid Gurbanov. Its headquarters are located in Baku.

## Infobox (sports league)

- **title**: Azərbaycan Voleybol Federasiyası
- **sport**: Volleyball
- **founded**: 1991
- **continent**: Confédération Européenne de Volleyball, European Volleyball Confederation
- **country**: Azerbaijan
- **headquarters**: Baku
- **website**: [http://www.azvolley.org Azvolley.org]
- **president**: Javid Gurbanov