Kingdom of Portugal

The **Kingdom of Portugal** (, ) was a monarchy on the western part of Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic.

The predecessor of the Kingdom of Portugal was the County of Portugal, established in the 9th century as part of the _Reconquista_, by Vímara Peres, a vassal of the King of Asturias. The county became part of the Kingdom of León in 1097, and the Counts of Portugal established themselves as rulers of an independent kingdom in the 12th century, following the battle of São Mamede. The kingdom was ruled by the Alfonsine Dynasty until the 1383–85 Crisis, after which the monarchy passed to the House of Aviz.

## History

During the 15th and 16th century, Portuguese exploration established a vast colonial empire. From 1580 to 1640, the Kingdom of Portugal was in personal union with Habsburg Spain.
After the Portuguese Restoration War of 1640–1668, the kingdom passed to the House of Braganza and thereafter to the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. From this time, the influence of Portugal declined, but it remained a major power due to its most valuable colony, Brazil. After the independence of Brazil, Portugal sought to establish itself in Africa, but was ultimately forced to halt its expansion due to the 1890 British Ultimatum, eventually leading to the collapse of the monarchy in the 5 October 1910 revolution and the establishment of the First Portuguese Republic.

Portugal was an absolute monarchy before 1822. It alternated between absolute and constitutional monarchy from 1822 until 1834, and was a constitutional monarchy after 1834.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Kingdom of Portugal
- **common name**: Portugal
- **native name**: (Latin language, Latin)
 (Portuguese language, Portuguese)
- **image flag**: Flag Portugal (1830).svg
- **image coat**:
- **symbol type**: Coat of arms (1834–1910)
- **national anthem**: "Hymno Patriótico" (1809–1834)
<small>"Patriotic Anthem"</small>

_Hino da Carta_ (1834–1910)
<small>"Anthem of the Charter"</small>

- **image map**: Portuguese empire 1800.png
- **capital**: Lisbon (1255-1808; 1821-1910)
- **religion**: Catholic Church, Roman Catholicism <small>(official)</small>
- **demonym**: Portuguese
- **government type**: Absolute monarchy
<small>(1139–1822; 1823–1826; 1828–1834)</small>
Constitutional monarchy
<small>(1822–1823; 1826–1828; 1834–1910)</small>
- **legislature**: Cortes Gerais
- **currency**: Portuguese real
- **year end**: 1910
- **life span**: 1139–1910
- **year start**: 1139
- **flag type**: Flag of Portugal#1830–1910, Flag (1830–1910)
- **image map caption**: The Kingdom of Portugal in 1800
- **common languages**: **Official languages:**
- **title leader**: Monarch
- **year leader1**: 1139–1185 <small>(first)</small>
- **leader1**: Afonso I of Portugal, Afonso I
- **year leader2**: 1908–1910 <small>(last)</small>
- **leader2**: Manuel II of Portugal, Manuel II
- **title deputy**: List of Prime Ministers of Portugal, Prime Minister
- **year deputy1**: 1834–1835 <small>(first)</small>
- **deputy1**: Pedro de Sousa Holstein
- **year deputy2**: 1910 <small>(last)</small>
- **deputy2**: António Teixeira de Sousa
- **type house1**: Upper house
- **house1**: Chamber of Peers
- **type house2**: Lower house
- **house2**: Chamber of Deputies
- **event start**: Battle of Ourique
- **date start**: 25 July
- **event3**: Portuguese Restoration War
- **date event3**: 1 December 1640
- **event4**: Lisbon Regicide
- **date event4**: 1 February 1908
- **event end**: 5 October 1910 revolution, Revolution of 1910
- **date end**: 5 October
- **stat area1**: 90000
- **stat year1**: 1300
- **stat pop1**: 800,000
- **p1**: County of Portugal
- **s1**: Portuguese Republic
- **flag p1**: PortugueseFlag1095.svg
- **flag p2**: Flag of the Couto Misto.svg
- **p2**: Couto Misto
- **flag s1**: Flag of Portugal.svg
- **flag s2**: Flag of Empire of Brazil (1822-1870).svg
- **s2**: Empire of Brazil