juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Iceland hotspot

The **Iceland hotspot** is a geologic hotspot. It is partly responsible for the high volcanic activity which has formed the island of Iceland.

Iceland is one of the most active volcanic regions in the world. On Iceland, there are volcanic eruptions about every three years. In the 20th century there were 39 volcanic eruptions on and around Iceland. About a third of the basaltic lavas erupted in recorded history were produced by Icelandic eruptions.

Notable eruptions have included that of Eldgjá, a fissure of Katla, in 934 (the world's largest basaltic eruption ever witnessed), and Laki in 1783 (the world's second largest). In many places, Iceland is covered by glaciers. Several eruptions under ice caps have burst through the ice. The most recent one was in 2010 after the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull.

Iceland's position over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is partly responsible for this intense volcanic activity. It is not understood why Iceland is an island, but the rest of the ridge consists of seamounts, with peaks below sea level.

## Causes

There is discussion whether the hotspot is caused by a deep mantle plume or at a shallower depth.

Some geologists have asked whether the Iceland hotspot has the same cause as other hotspots such as the Hawaii hotspot. They show a clear volcanic track over time caused by the movement of the Pacific Plate over the Hawaiian hotspot, but no such track can be seen at Iceland.

The line from the Grímsvötn volcano to Surtsey may show the movement of the Eurasian Plate and the line from the Grímsvötn volcano to the Snæfellsnes volcanic belt shows the movement of the North American Plate.
Lowdham

**Lowdham** is a village in Nottinghamshire. It has a play park, 4 pubs, and a cricket field.
This Is a Long Drive for Someone with Nothing to Think About

***This Is a Long Drive for Someone with Nothing to Think About*** is the first full-length album by indie rock band Modest Mouse. The album was released on Up Records on April 16, 1996. It was released in both compact disc and vinyl formats. The vinyl release contains two extra tracks, "Edit the Sad Parts" and "A Manic Depressive Named Laughing Boy". "Edit the Sad Parts" was later included on _Interstate 8_ and the Up Records compilation, _US_. "A Manic Depressive Named Laughing Boy" is available only on the vinyl editions released by Up in 1996 and Glacial Pace in 2014. Many of the tracks are about traveling by automobile, and the loneliness and isolation associated with rural life. _Sad Sappy Sucker_ was supposed to be released before _This Is A Long Drive for Someone with Nothing to Think About_; however, it was delayed and shelved.

### Modest Mouse

- Isaac Brock – guitar and vocals (drums on "Dog Paddle")
- Jeremiah Green – drums (bass on "Dog Paddle")
- Eric Judy – bass (guitar on "Dog Paddle")

### Additional musicians

- Steve Wold – slide guitar, mandolin, guitar, backup vocals
- Brent Arnold – cello
- Nicole Johnson – vocals on "Custom Concern", "She Ionizes & Atomizes", and "Head South"
- Calvin Johnson – extra vocals on "Head South"

### Other

- Produced by Steve Wold
- Engineered by Scott Swayze & Steve Wold
- Photography by Isaac Brock
Pat Quinn (ice hockey)

**John Brian Patrick Quinn** (January 29, 1943 – November 23, 2014) was a Canadian ice hockey player, head coach, and executive. He was known by the nickname "The Big Irishman". He coached for the National Hockey League's Philadelphia Flyers, Los Angeles Kings, Vancouver Canucks, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Edmonton Oilers.

Quinn reached in the Stanley Cup Finals twice, with the Flyers in 1980 and the Canucks in 1994.  Internationally, Quinn coached Team Canada to gold medals at the 2002 Winter Olympics, 2008 IIHF World U18 Championships and 2009 World Junior Championship, as well as World Cup championship in 2004.

His cousin was wrestler John Quinn.

Quinn died at the Vancouver General Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on November 23, 2014 after a long illness, aged 71.

## Other websites

- CBS Sportsline

## Infobox (ice hockey biography)

- **image**: Pat Quinn 2012.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Quinn at the 2012 NHL Winter Classic
- **birth place**: Hamilton, Ontario, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- **death place**: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- **halloffame**: 2016 (Builder)
- **coached for**: Philadelphia Flyers
Los Angeles Kings
Vancouver Canucks
Toronto Maple Leafs
Edmonton Oilers
- **career start coach**: 1977
- **career end coach**: 2010
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lb**: 215
- **played for**: Toronto Maple Leafs
Vancouver Canucks
Atlanta Flames
- **career start**: 1963
- **career end**: 1977
Denham Harman

**Denham Harman** (February 14, 1916 – November 25, 2014) was an American biogerontologist. He was the professor emeritus at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Harman was widely known as the "father of the free radical theory of aging".

Harman died in Omaha, Nebraska on November 25, 2014 from a short-illness, aged 98.
Viktor Tikhonov

**Viktor Vasilyevich Tikhonov** (Russian: Виктор Васильевич Тихонов; June 4, 1930 – November 24, 2014) was a  Soviet ice hockey player and coach. Tikhonov was a defenceman with VVS Moscow and HC Dynamo Moscow from 1949 to 1963, winning four national championships.

He was born in Moscow. He was the coach of the Soviet team, winning eight World Championship gold medals, as well as Olympic gold in 1984, 1988, and 1992.

Tikhonov also led CSKA Moscow to twelve consecutive league championships. He also coached the Soviet team that lost to the United States, 4-3, in the 1980 Olympic medal round game known as the Miracle on Ice. He was named to the IIHF Hall of Fame as a builder in 1998.

Tikhonov was hospitalized in late October 2014 and died after a long illness in Moscow on November 24, 2014, at the age of 84.
Jorge Herrera Delgado

**Jorge Herrera Delgado** (16 August 1961 – 24 November 2014) was a Mexican politician. He was Mayor of Durango from 2004-2007, and twice deputy in the Durango State Congress. He served as head of the Durango Department of Education from 15 September 2010 to 7 February 2012.

Delgado died on 24 November 2014 from pancreatic cancer in Durango at the age of 53.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jorge Herrera Delgado
- **birth place**: Durango, Durango, Mexico
- **death place**: Durango, Mexico
- **office**: Chamber of Deputies
LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
- **term start**: 1 September 2012
- **term end**: 24 November 2014
- **preceded**: Pedro Ávila Nevárez
- **successor**: Eduardo Solís Nogueira
- **office2**: Mayor of Durango
- **term start2**: 2004
- **term end2**: 2007
- **preceded2**: José Rosas Aispuro
- **successor2**: Jorge Herrera Caldera
- **alma mater**: Durango Institute of Technology
- **occupation**: Politician
- **spouse**: Blanca Estela Castro de Herrera
Sixpence None the Richer (album)

***Sixpence None the Richer*** is the third studio album by Sixpence None the Richer. The album was released on November 22, 1997.
Darryl Jones

**Darryl Jones** (born December 11, 1961), also known as "The Munch", is an American bass player.

Jones currently plays for The Rolling Stones. He has also played in bands with Miles Davis and Sting.

### The Rolling Stones

- Studio albums
1. _Voodoo Lounge_ (1994)
1. _Bridges to Babylon_ (1997)
1. _A Bigger Bang_ (2005)
1. _GRRR!_ (2012)

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Darryl Jones
- **image**: Darryljones.jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **genre**: Jazz, jazz fusion, rock music, rock
- **occupation**: Musician
- **instrument**: Bass
- **years active**: 1980–present
- **associated acts**: The Rolling Stones, Miles Davis, Sting (musician), Sting, Stone Raiders
Lom, Norway

**Lom** is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway.  It is part of the traditional region of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Fossbergom. The municipality of Lom was established on 1 January 1838.

## Geography

Lom sits at the base of two mountains. _Glittertind_ is  and _Galdhøpiggen_ is  high.

## History

It has one of the few remaining stave churches in Norway. The church was built in 1158.

The area of Skjåk was separated from Lom to become a municipality of its own in 1866.

In 2025, its secondary school (_videregående skole_) will end its operations.

## Administration

The mayor, Kristian Frisvold, is elected until late 2027.

## Related pages

- List of mayors in Norway that are elected until 2027
Canadian Club

**Canadian Club** (also commonly known as just **C.C.**) is a Canadian brand of whisky. Canadian Club was created by Gooderham and Worts. It is currently being produced by Beam Suntory.

## History

Canadian Club started being made in 1858. The first distillery was created in Walkerville, Ontario. They decided to create the distillery in Walkerville because of the good quality of the local grains that were there.

The whisky was popular in the late 19th century in gentlemen's clubs of Canada and the United States. It was known as "Club Whisky" because of this. After it became very popular, American distillers decided to petition to include the word "Canada" on the bottle to identify it from their competing whiskies. By doing this, they thought that it would stop the popularity of the whisky. However, this made the whisky even more exclusive. In 1889, Walker changed the label and added the word “Canadian” to the top of the label. In 1890, the label was changed again, with "Canadian" being moved down from the top of the label and incorporated into the name of the whisky.

During the Prohibition years, one of Canadian Club's most important clients was gangster Al Capone. He would smuggle thousands of cases of Canadian Club through a route from Windsor to Detroit.

The whisky has received royal warrants from Queen Victoria, Edward VII, George V, George VI, and Elizabeth II. Hiram Walker & Sons were the only North American distiller to receive a royal warrant.

## Other websites

- Official website
Lom

**Lom** or **LOM** may refer to:

- Lom people, a Romani group, mainly in the Caucasus
- Lom, Norway, a municipality
- Herbert Lom, Czech-British film actor
- Legion of Merit, a military award of the United States
- Olympique de Marseille, a French football club, sometimes referred to as l'OM
N. R. Narayana Murthy

**Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy** (Kannada: ನಾಗವಾರ ರಾಮರಾವ್ ನಾರಾಯಣ ಮೂರ್ತಿ; born 20 August 1946), is an Indian IT industrialist and the co-founder of Infosys a multinational corporation. S. Gopalakrishnan was also a co-founder.  Infosys provides business consulting, technology, engineering, and outsourcing services. Murthy studied electrical engineering at the National Institute of Engineering, University of Mysore, and M. Tech at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur.

Murthy has been listed among the 12 greatest entrepreneurs of our time by _Fortune_ magazine. He has been described as the father of Indian IT sector by _Time_ magazine due to his contribution to outsourcing in India. Murthy has also been honored with the Padma Vibhushan and Padma Shri awards.

He is the father of Akshata Murty, the wife of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Rishi Sunak.

## Early Life and Family

Narayana Murthy was born in a middle-class family in Karnataka, India. From a young age, he showed interest in mathematics and science. His father was a school teacher, and education was very important in his home. Murthy was a bright student and did well in his studies. He believed that hard work and honesty were the keys to success.

## Career Beginnings

Before starting Infosys, Murthy worked in several technology and software companies in India and abroad. One of his early jobs was with a company in Pune, where he gained experience in software development and systems management. During this time, he saw how computers could change the world. He wanted to build a company that could provide software services from India to global clients.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: N. R.
Narayana Murthy
- **honorific suffix**: Order of the British Empire, CBE Legion of Honour, LH
- **image**: Narayana Murthy CIF (cropped).JPG
- **caption**: Narayana Murthy in 2014
- **birth name**: Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy
- **birth place**: Sidlaghatta, Karnataka, India
- **alma mater**: National Institute of Engineering
 IIT Kanpur
- **known for**: Organizational founder, Founder and Chairman emeritus, Infosys
- **boards**: United Nations Foundation
 Ford Foundation
- **spouse**: Sudha Murty, Sudha Kulkarni
- **children**: Akshata Murty and Rohan Murthy
- **relatives**: Rishi Sunak (son-in-law)
- **awards**: Padma Vibhushan (2008)
Legion of Honour (2008)
Padma Shri (2000)
Parry Gripp

**Parry Gripp** (born September 22, 1967 in Santa Barbara, California) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist for the pop punk band Nerf Herder. As a songwriter, Gripp is best known for fake jingles, as in his 2005 solo album _For Those About to Shop, We Salute You_. It was a 51-track concept album mimicking various musical styles as product commercials. He also maintains a song-of-the-week website and a YouTube channel on which he creates soundtracks to internet memes. He also does music videos for his own novelty songs. The titles include "Do You Like Waffles?", "Nom Nom Nom Nom Nom Nom Nom", "Last Train to Awesometown" and "Spaghetti Cat (I Weep For You)". "Hamster on a Piano (Eating Popcorn)", "I Am A Banana" and "Baby Monkey (Going Backwards On A Pig)" are others. Gripp also performs the _Being Ian_, _Super Hero Squad Show_, _Ben 10: Omniverse_, and _The 7D_ theme songs.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Parry Gripp
- **image**: Nerf Herder Press Photo 2016 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Gripp in 2016
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Santa Barbara, California, U.S.
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, children's music
- **years active**: 1994–present
- **occupation**: Musician
- **label**: Oglio Records, Oglio
- **associated acts**: Nerf Herder
Terra (mythology)

**Terra** is the Roman form of Gaia (Greek). She is the goddess of the Earth. Her husband is Caelus, an ancient god of the sky (heavens). They are the parents of the Titans & giants.  One day, thousands of years ago, Terra convinced her son, Saturn, to take his father's scythe and chop his father up with it. Saturn did as his mother told him. He scattered Caelus's pieces across the cosmos. When one piece hit the water, it gave birth to Venus, the goddess of love. This, effectively, makes Venus the oldest of all the gods & goddess'.
The Crying Child

***The Crying Child*** is an American television horror movie. It was directed by Robert Michael Lewis. It is based on a Barbara Mertz novel.

The movie stars Mariel Hemingway and George DelHoyo.

## Plot

After their son dies, a couple moves to a new house in order to forget. Suddenly, the woman starts to hear baby cries all over her home. She is the only one who can hear them.

## Cast

- Mariel Hemingway as Madeline Jeffreys
- George DelHoyo as Ran Jeffreys
- Finola Hughes as Jo Parker
Gilles Tremblay (ice hockey)

**Joseph Jean Gilles Tremblay** (December 17, 1938 – November 26, 2014) was a Canadian ice hockey left winger. He played his entire National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Montreal Canadiens from 1960 to 1969.

He played 509 games, scored 168 goals and added 162 assists before injuries led to his retirement at the age of 31. Tremblay was a member of four Stanley Cup championship teams with Montreal, in 1965, 1966, 1968, and 1969.

After his hockey player career, from 1971 to 1997, he worked as a French-language broadcaster for ice hockey; he won the 2002 Foster Hewitt Memorial Award for his work.

Tremblay died in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, aged 75.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Gilles Tremblay
- **image**: Chex Gilles Tremblay.jpg
- **image size**: 180px
- **played for**: Montreal Canadiens
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Left wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 170
- **birth place**: Montmorency, Quebec, Montmorency, Quebec, QC, Canada, CAN
- **death place**: Montreal, QC, CAN
- **career start**: 1956
- **career end**: 1969
Petr Hapka

**Petr Hapka** (13 May 1944 – 25 November 2014) was a Czech composer. He was one of the most important composers of Czech movie music industry. He was known for working with the lyricist Michal Horáček. He composed over 60 movies and 40 songs during his career.

Hapka died in Okoř, Czech Republic, aged 70.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Petr Hapka
- **image**: PetrHapka FestivalFantazie.jpg
- **caption**: Hapka in 2010
- **birth place**: Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
- **death place**: Okoř, Czech Republic
- **occupation**: Composer, conducting, conductor, vocalist
Sabah (singer)

**Sabah** (; born **Jeanette Gergis Feghali**, 10 November 1927 – 26 November 2014) was a Lebanese singer and actress. She was known as the "Diva of Music" in the Arab World.

She has released over 50 albums, mostly songs in Egyptian Arabic, and has acted in 98 movies as well as over 20 stage plays. She has a reported 3,500 songs in her repertoire. She was the first Arabic singer to perform at Olympia in Paris, Carnegie Hall in New York, and Piccadilly Theatre in London and Sydney Opera House in Sydney.

Sabah died in Beirut, Lebanon, aged 87.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sabah
- **native name**: صباح
- **native name lang**: ara
- **image**: Sabah - Al Mawed.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Jeanette Gergis Feghali
- **birth place**: Bdadoun, Greater Lebanon
- **death place**: Beirut, Lebanon
- **occupation**: Singer, actor
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **years active**: 1943–2009
- **genre**: Arabic music, Music of Egypt, Egyptian music, Classical music, Music of Lebanon, Lebanese music, Arabic pop music, Arab pop, Folk music, folk, Traditional pop music, traditional pop
Frankie Fraser

**Francis Davidson Fraser**, better known as **"Mad" Frankie Fraser** (13 December 1923 – 26 November 2014), was an English criminal and gang member. He spent 42 years in prison for numerous offences including burglary and assault. Fraser was born in Lambeth, South London, England.

Fraser was shot in the head in 1991. He died from complications of leg surgery in Lambeth, South London, England, aged 90.

## Other websites

- Personal website with biography and details of gangland tours

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frankie Fraser
- **birthname**: Francis Davidson Fraser
- **birth place**: Lambeth, London, South London, England
- **death place**: Lambeth, South London, England
- **occupation**: Criminal
- **website**: [http://www.frankiefraser.net/ Official site]
Far Rockaway, Queens

**Far Rockaway** is a neighborhood on the Rockaway Peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens. It is the easternmost section of the Rockaways.

The neighborhood starts at the Nassau County line and extends west to Beach 32nd Street. The neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 14.

The name "Rockaway" may have meant "place of sands" in the Munsee language of the Native American Lenape. Other spellings include Requarkie, Rechouwakie, Rechaweygh, Rechquaakie and Reckowacky.
Duke of Rutland

The **Duke of Rutland** is a title in the Peerage of England named for Rutland, a county in the East Midlands. Earldoms named after Rutland have been created twice in history. The ninth earl of the second creation was made a duke in 1703. The surname of the present duke's family is "Manners".  The heir to the title is known as the Marquess of Granby. Other titles: Marquess of Granby (1703), Earl of Rutland (1525), Baron Manners of Haddon (1679) and Baron Roos of Belvoir (1896). The Duke of Rutland is allowed to be addressed as _His Grace_. The traditional family seats are Haddon Hall in Derbyshire and Belvoir Castle in Leicestershire.

## List of Dukes

- John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland (1638–1711), only son of the 8th Earl
- John Manners, 2nd Duke of Rutland (1676–1721), son of the 1st Duke
- John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland (1696–1779), eldest son of the 2nd Duke
    - John Manners, Marquess of Granby (1721–1770), eldest son of the 3rd Duke, predeceased his father
    - John Manners, Lord Roos (1751–1760), eldest son of Lord Granby, died young
- Charles Manners, 4th Duke of Rutland (1754–1787), second son of Lord Granby
- John Henry Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland (1778–1857), eldest son of the 4th Duke
    - George John Henry Manners, Marquess of Granby (1807), eldest son of the 5th Duke, died in infancy
    - George John Frederick Manners, Marquess of Granby (1813–1814), second son of the 5th Duke, died in infancy
- Charles Cecil John Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland (1815–1888), third son of the 5th Duke, died unmarried
- John James Robert Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland (1818–1906), fourth son of the 5th Duke
- Henry John Brinsley Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland (1852–1925), eldest son of the 7th Duke
    - Robert Charles John Manners, Lord Manners (1885–1894), elder son of the 8th Duke, died young
- John Henry Montagu Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland (1886–1940), younger son of the 8th Duke
- Charles John Robert Manners, 10th Duke of Rutland (1919–1999), eldest son of the 9th Duke
- David Charles Robert Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland (b. 1959), eldest son of the 10th Duke

The heir apparent is Charles John Montague Manners, Marquess of Granby (b. 1999), elder son of the 11th Duke
Duke of Westminster

The title of **Duke of Westminster** was created by Queen Victoria in 1874. It was given to Hugh Grosvenor, 3rd Marquess of Westminster. The current holder of the title is Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster.  The current Duke, Hugh Grosvenor, the only son of the 6th Duke Gerald Grosvenor, is godfather to Prince George of Cambridge. The Present Duke is entitled to the style of address of _His Grace_ and the family surname is **Grosvenor**. The Duke of Westminster's seat is at Eaton Hall, Cheshire. The traditional burial place of the Dukes is St Mary's Church, Eccleston. The title was raised from the rank of **Marquess**. The family also owned a large townhouse in London called simply "Grosvenor House".

## List of Dukes

1. Hugh Lupus Grosvenor (1825–1899) Duke from 1874–1899 married Lady Constance Sutherland-Leveson-Gower and later Katherine Cavendish.
1. Hugh Grosvenor (1879–1953) Duke from 1899–1953 married Constance Cornwallis-West then Violet Nelson and again to Loelia Ponsonby followed by Anne Sullivan.
1. William Grosvenor (1894–1963) Duke from 1953–1963 died unmarried.
1. Gerald Grosvenor (1907–1967) Duke from 1963–1967; married Sally Perry.
1. Robert Grosvenor (1910–1979) Duke from 1967–1979; married Hon Viola Lyttelton.
1. Gerald Cavendish Grosvenor (1951–2016) Duke since 1979; married Natalia Phillips, a distant relative of the British and Russian royal families. He was, according to the Sunday Times Rich List 2016, worth £9.35 billion (c. US$13 billion). He was sixth in the list and the third-richest British citizen. He was the richest member of the peerage, with a wealth significantly greater than Queen Elizabeth.
1. Hugh Grosvenor (b. 1991).

## Grosvenor House

The huge family house in Park Lane, London was called Grosvenor House. In its place is now the Grosvenor House Hotel, built on the site.

The Grosvenor hotel – the venue for some of London's grandest award ceremonies – was sold to Indian conglomerate Sahara for £470m in December 2010. The head of the conglomerate is Sahara India Pariwar.
Canadian Urban Institute

The **Canadian Urbanism Institute** is a scientific research institute in Toronto, Ontario, in Canada. The institute was established in 1990.

## Other websites

- Canadian Urban Institute
Being and Nothingness

***Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology ***is a book written by French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre. Published in 1943, Being and Nothingness aimed to make certain the facts of human existence. Sartre wanted to show that free will exists. It can be considered part of a type of philosophy called existentialism.
Centre for Cities

The **Centre for Cities** is a non-partisan urban policy research unit in London, United Kingdom. The organization was established in 2005 as a part of the Institute for Public Policy Research. It became independent in 2007. The Centre for Cities was established to understand and solve urban problems in the United Kingdom cities. Centre for Cities publishes an annual report on 64 major cities.

## Other websites

- Centre for Cities
Charlie Sifford

**Charles L. Sifford** (June 2, 1922 – February 3, 2015) was an American professional golfer. He helped black golfers to be part of the PGA of America. Sifford was born in Charlotte, North Carolina. In 2004, Sifford became the first African American inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame. In November 2014, President Barack Obama awarded him the 2014 Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Sifford died in Cleveland, Ohio from complications from a stroke at the age of 92.
Peter Shaffer

**Sir Peter Levin Shaffer** (15 May 1926 – 6 June 2016) was an English playwright and screenwriter. He was known for his works in _Equus_, _Amadeus_, _Black Comedy_, and in _The Royal Hunt of the Sun_. He won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for Best Screenwriter.

Shaffer died on 6 June 2016 at the age of 90 while on a trip to the southwest of Ireland.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sir Peter Shaffer
- **image**: Peter Shaffer, 1966.jpg
- **caption**: 11 December 1966
- **birth name**: Peter Levin Shaffer
- **birth place**: Liverpool, Lancashire, England, United Kingdom
- **death place**: County Cork, Republic of Ireland
- **alma mater**: University of Cambridge
- **occupation**: Playwright, screenwriter
Marcel Paquet

**Marcel Paquet** (21 February 1947 – 22 November 2014) was a Belgian philosopher. He was known for his philosophy on ontology, Belgian political philosophy, and on esthetics. Paquet was born in Charleroi, Belgium.

Paquet died in Poznań, Poland, aged 67.

## Infobox (philosopher)

- **region**: Western philosophy
- **era**: 20th-century philosophy
- **image**: Marcel_Paquet.JPG
- **image size**: 225px
- **caption**: Marcel Paquet
- **birth place**: Jumet, near Charleroi, Belgium
- **death place**: Poznań, Poland
- **nationality**: Belgium, Belgian
- **influences**: Emmanuel Kant, Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche, Nietzsche, Hegel, Spinoza, Heidegger, Michel Foucault
Lewis Baltz

**Lewis Baltz** (September 12, 1945 – November 22, 2014) was an American visual artist and photographer. He became an important figure in the New Topographics movement of the late 1970s. His work has been published in a number of books, presented in many exhibitions. He wrote for many journals, and contributed regularly to _L'Architecture d'Aujourd'hui_.

Baltz died in Paris, France from a long-illness, aged 69.

## Other websites

- _Lewis Baltz _ Faculty website at European Graduate School. (Biography, bibliography and articles)
- _George Eastman House Lewis Baltz Series _
- Oral history interview with Lewis Baltz, 2009 Nov. 15-17 from the Smithsonian Archives of American Art

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lewis Baltz
- **image**: Lewis baltz N°3-1.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Lewis Baltz in Jean Nouvel's Amat hotel.
- **birth place**: Newport Beach, California
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **known for**: New Topography
- **education**: San Francisco Art Institute
Claremont Graduate School
- **occupation**: Artist
Anthony Anderson

**Anthony Anderson** (born August 15, 1970) is an American actor, writer, game show host and comedian. He has starred in his own sitcom _All About the Andersons_, as well as _The Bernie Mac Show_ during the fifth and final season.

He is known for his leading roles in television dramas, such as _K-Ville_, _The Shield_, and _Law & Order_. Anderson has also had supporting roles in films, such as _Transformers_, _The Departed_, _Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London_, _Scream 4_, and _Kangaroo Jack_.

On July 20, 2018, it was revealed that he is being investigated by the Los Angeles Police Department for a sexual assault allegation.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Anthony Anderson
- **image**: Anthony Anderson 2016.jpg
- **caption**: Anderson at the 75th Annual Peabody Awards on May 21, 2016
- **birth name**: Anthony Anderson
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **birth place**: Compton, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, writer, comedian, game show presenter, host
- **years active**: 1995–present
- **spouse**: Alvina Anderson (1995–present)
- **children**: Joshua Bouges
Mick Fleetwood

**Michael John Kells Fleetwood** (born 24 June 1947) is a British musician and actor, best known for his role as the drummer and co-founder of the rock band Fleetwood Mac.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _The Visitor_ (1981)

### Fleetwood Mac

- _Peter's Green Fleetwood Mac_ (1968)
- _Mr. Wonderful_ (1968)
- _Then Play On_ (1969)
- _Kiln House_ (1970)
- _Future Games_ (1971)
- _Bare Trees_ (1972)
- _Penguin_ (1973)
- _Mystery to Me_ (1973)
- _Heroes Are Find to Find_ (1974)
- _Fleetwood Mac_ (1975)
- _Rumours_ (1977)
- _Tusk_ (1979)
- _Mirage_ (1982)
- _Tango in the Night_ (1987)
- _Behind the Mask_ (1990)
- _Time_ (1995)
- _Say You Will_ (2003)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mick Fleetwood
- **image**: Mick Fleetwood crop.png
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Michael John Kells Fleetwood
- **birth place**: Redruth, Cornwall, England
- **occupation**: Musician, actor
- **years active**: 1963–present
Phillip Hughes

**Phillip Joel Hughes** (30 November 1988 – 27 November 2014) was an Australian Test and One-Day International (ODI) cricketer. He played for South Australia and Worcestershire. He was a left-handed opening batsman who played for two seasons with New South Wales before making his Test debut in 2009 at the age of 20. Hughes was born in Macksville, New South Wales.

During a Sheffield Shield match between South Australia and New South Wales at the Sydney Cricket Ground on 25 November 2014, Hughes was hit in the neck by a bouncer from New South Wales bowler Sean Abbott after mistiming his shot. He was taken to hospital. Hughes died two days later from his injuries at a hospital in Sydney, aged 25.

## Other websites

- Player Profile: Phillip Hughes  from the New South Wales Blues
Ángel Tulio Zof

**Ángel Tulio Zof** (July 8, 1928 – November 26, 2014) was a former Argentine footballer and coach. He played for Rosario Central, Huracán, Atlanta and Quilmes as a left winger.

Internationally, he played for Canada's Toronto F.C., Philadelphia's Ucranian National and New York's Hakoah. Later, he became the coach of Ledesma de Jujuy, Club Atlético Platense, Atlanta, San Martín (T), Newell's Old Boys, Rosario Central, Los Andes.

Zof died in Buenos Aires, Argentina, aged 86.

## Other websites

- Once-once.narod.ru Biography

## Infobox (football biography)

- **image**: Central-1953.jpg
- **name**: Ángel Tulio Zof
- **fullname**: Ángel Tulio Zof
- **birth place**: Rosario, Argentina
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **position**: defender (football), Defender
- **years1**: 1947–1955
- **years2**: 1956
- **clubs1**: Rosario Central
- **clubs2**: Club Atlético Huracán, Huracán
- **clubs3**: Quilmes Atlético Club, Quilmes
- **clubs4**: C.D. Oro, Oro
- **clubs5**: Club Celaya
- **clubs6**: Monarcas Morelia, Atlético Morelia
- **caps1**: 56
- **goals1**: 0
- **caps2**: 11
- **goals2**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1965–1967
- **manageryears2**: 1968
- **manageryears3**: 1969
- **manageryears4**: 1969-1970
- **manageryears5**: 1970-1971
- **manageryears6**: 1971
- **manageryears7**: 1972–1973
- **manageryears8**: 1976–1978
- **manageryears9**: 1979
- **manageryears10**: 1980–1982
- **manageryears11**: 1983
- **manageryears12**: 1984
- **manageryears13**: 1986–1990
- **manageryears14**: 1991
- **manageryears15**: 1992–1993
- **manageryears16**: 1995–1997
- **manageryears17**: 2004–2005
- **manageryears18**: 2005–2006
- **managerclubs1**: Newell's Old Boys
- **managerclubs2**: CA Los Andes, Los Andes
- **managerclubs3**: Newell's Old Boys
- **managerclubs4**: CA Los Andes, Los Andes
- **managerclubs5**: Rosario Central
- **managerclubs6**: Club Atlético Atlanta, Atlanta
- **managerclubs7**: Rosario Central
- **managerclubs8**: Atlético Ledesma
- **managerclubs9**: Rosario Central
- **managerclubs10**: Rosario Central
- **managerclubs11**: Club Atlético Platense, Platense
- **managerclubs12**: Atlético Ledesma
- **managerclubs13**: Rosario Central
- **managerclubs14**: Rosario Central
- **managerclubs15**: San Martín de Tucumán, San Martín Tucumán
- **managerclubs16**: Rosario Central
- **managerclubs17**: Rosario Central
- **managerclubs18**: Rosario Central
- **pcupdate**: 5 September 2007
Dorothy Malone

**Dorothy Malone** (January 29, 1924 – January 19, 2018) was an American actress. She won an Academy Award for her role in _Written on the Wind_. She also starred in the famous soap opera _Peyton Place_ in the 1960s.

## Personal life

Malone died on January 19, 2018 in Dallas, Texas of natural causes at the age of 93.

## Other websites

- Dorothy Malone photo gallery
- Dorothy Malone at AllMovie.com

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dorothy Malone
- **image**: Dorothy Malone - Written on the Wind - Studio Publicity Photo.jpg
- **caption**: Studio publicity photo, 1956
- **birth name**: Dorothy Eloise Maloney
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Dallas, Texas, U.S.
- **years active**: 1943–1992
- **spouse**: Jacques Bergerac
<small>(m.1959–1964; divorced)</small>
Robert Tomarkin
<small>(m.1969; divorced)</small>
Charles Huston Bell
<small>(m.1971–1974; divorced)</small>
- **occupation**: Actress
Hardy Krüger

**Hardy Krüger** (born **Franz Eberhard August Krüger**; 12 April 1928 – 19 January 2022) was a German actor. He was thought of as one of the greatest German actors of the 1960s. He was thought to be the first German actor to have been thought as a hero in movies after World War II.

His best known roles were in _Hatari!_, _The Flight of the Phoenix_,  _The Wild Geese_, _Sundays and Cybele_,  _A Bridge Too Far_, _The Battle of Neretva_, _The Secret of Santa Vittoria_, _The Red Tent_, _The One That Got Away_, and _Barry Lyndon_.

Krüger died on 19 January 2022 in Palm Springs, California at the age of 93.

## Other websites

- Official Website of Hardy Kruger

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hardy Krüger
- **image**: Oliver Mark - Hardy Krüger, Berlin 2001.jpg
- **caption**: Krüger in 2001
- **death place**: Palm Springs, California, Palm Springs, California, United States, U.S.
- **birth name**: Eberhard August Franz Ewald Krüger
- **birth place**: Berlin, Province of Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Free State of Prussia, Prussia, Weimar Republic, Germany
- **children**: 3
- **yearsactive**: 1944–2011
John Hillerman

**John Benedict Hillerman** (December 20, 1932 – November 9, 2017) was an American actor. He was born in Denison, Texas. He was known for his starring role as Jonathan Quayle Higgins III on the television show _Magnum, P.I._. He starred in _Chinatown_ and _Blazing Saddles_. He also starred in _The Betty White Show_. He won a Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award during his career. He retired in 1999.

Hillerman died on November 9, 2017 at his home in Houston, Texas of heart disease at the age of 84.
Don Gordon

**Don Gordon** (November 13, 1926 – April 24, 2017) was an American movie and television actor. He is sometimes known as **Donald Gordon**. Gordon was known for his roles in _Bullitt_, _Papillon_, _Omen III: The Final Conflict_, _Revolt at Fort Laramie_, _The Exorcist III_, and in _Lethal Weapon_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Don Gordon
- **birth name**: Donald Walter Guadagno
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **othername**: Donald Gordon
- **occupation**: Film, television actor
- **spouse**: Bek Nelson
(1959–1979; divorced)
Denise Farr
(1979–present)
- **yearsactive**: 1949-1993
Hell in a Cell (2014)

**Hell in a Cell (2014)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view and livestreaming show made by WWE. It took place on October 26, 2014 at American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas. It was the sixth Hell in a Cell event held by WWE and the first to also stream live on the WWE Network.

There were two main events on the card. The first main event saw John Cena defeat Randy Orton to earn a future WWE World Heavyweight Championship match. The second main event saw Seth Rollins defeated Dean Ambrose to end their feud.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Mark Henry defeated Bo Dallas|Singles match|0:35||||||
|Dolph Ziggler (c) defeated Cesaro 2-0|2 out of 3 falls match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship|12:18||||||
|Nikki Bella defeated Brie Bella|Singles match; the loser became the winner's personal assistant for 30 days and if she had refused to go through with it, she would have been forced to quit WWE|6:22||||||
|Gold and Stardust (c) defeated The Usos (Jimmy and Jey Uso)|Tag team match for the WWE Tag Team Championship|10:21||||||
|John Cena defeated Randy Orton|Hell in a Cell match to become the number one contender to the WWE World Heavyweight Championship|25:52||||||
|Sheamus (c) defeated The Miz (with Damien Mizdow)|Singles match for the WWE United States Championship|8:20||||||
|Rusev (with Lana) defeated Big Show by submission|Singles match|7:55||||||
|AJ Lee (c) defeated Paige (with Alicia Fox) by submission|Singles match for the WWE Divas Championship|6:50||||||
|Seth Rollins (with Jamie Noble and Joey Mercury) defeated Dean Ambrose|Hell in a Cell match|14:03||||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – is the champion(s) going into the match **P** – This match took place on the pre-show|||||||

## Other websites

- Official Hell in a Cell 2014 website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Hell in a Cell (2014)
- **theme**: "Panic Room" by Theory of a Deadman
- **promotion**: WWE
- **sponsor**: WWE 2K15
Mountain Dew, Mountain Dew Kickstart
- **date**: October 26, 2014
- **venue**: American Airlines Center
- **city**: Dallas, Texas
- **lastevent**: Night of Champions (2014)
- **nextevent**: Survivor Series (2014)
- **event**: WWE Hell in a Cell, Hell in a Cell
- **lastevent2**: Hell in a Cell (2013)
- **nextevent2**: Hell in a Cell (2015)
Night of Champions (2014)

**Night of Champions (2014)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view and livestreaming show made by WWE. It took place on September 21, 2014 at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee. It was the eighth Night of Champions event held by WWE and the first to stream live on the WWE Network.

The main event saw John Cena defeat Brock Lesnar by disqualification after Seth Rollins interfered. This caused Lesnar to keep his WWE World Heavyweight Championship.

## Other websites

- Official Night of Champions 2014 website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Night of Champions (2014)
- **image**: Night of Champions Nashville, 2014.jpg
- **caption**: The Night of Champions set
- **tagline**: Rematch. Resolve. Redemption.
- **theme**: "Night of Gold" by CFO$
- **promotion**: WWE
- **sponsor**: Mountain Dew, Diet Mountain Dew
Mountain Dew, Mountain Dew Kickstart
- **date**: September 21, 2014
- **venue**: Bridgestone Arena
- **city**: Nashville, Tennessee, Nashville, Tennessee
- **lastevent**: SummerSlam (2014)
- **nextevent**: Hell in a Cell (2014)
- **event**: WWE Night of Champions, Night of Champions
- **lastevent2**: Night of Champions (2013)
- **nextevent2**: Night of Champions (2015)
Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit

The **Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit** (abbreviated **IMWaRU**) is a research group. They are part of the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and have been operating there since 2011.

## Unit Structure

The unit deals with many water based issues and problematic circumstances in industry and mining settings.

## Collaboration

The unit works with the Schools of Law, Chemistry, Civil and Mining engineering at the University.

Members of the group have given presentations at:
- South African Institution of Chemical Engineering 2012 (Champagne Sports Resorts, South Africa);
- Water Institute of Southern Africa 2012 (Cape Town, South Africa);
- International Conference on Energy, Nanotechnology and Environmental Sciences 2013 (Johannesburg, South Africa);
- International Conference on Power Science and Engineering 2013 (Paris, France);
- Water in Mining 2013 (Brisbane, Australia);
- Water in Mining 2014 (Viña del Mar, Chile);
- Water Institute of Southern Africa 2014 (Mbombela, South Africa);
- International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage 2015 (Santiago, Chile);
- 25th Annual SETAC European Meeting 2015 (Barcelona, Spain);
- African Utility Week 2015 (Cape Town, South Africa);
- Sustainability Week 2015 (Water Resource Seminar) (Pretoria, South Africa);
- Life Cycle Management 2015 (Bordeaux, France);
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering 21st Birthday conference;
- Water Institute of Southern Africa 2016 (Durban, South Africa)

## Location

The main location IMWaRU is probably in the Richard Ward Building on the East campus of a University somewhere.

## Research

The group has a broad range of research publications in the areas as listed below:

- Acid mine drainage (AMD).

- Constructed wetlands (CW)

- Ecological Engineering

- Life-cycle assessment (LCA)

- Water footprinting (WF)
- prediction of water based malfunctions in drills and pick axes

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit
- **established**: 2011
- **staff**: 4
- **postgrad**: +20
- **city**: Johannesburg
- **country**: South Africa
- **website**: http://www.imwaru.com/
Blood doping

**Blood doping** is a way of increasing the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream. This is done to improve athletic performance. Because blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a having more red cells in the blood can improve an athlete's aerobic capacity (VO<sub>2</sub> max) and endurance. Many methods of blood doping are illegal, particularly in professional sport.

There are a number of different methods. Frozen blood taken from the individual previously can be used for a later transplant; packed red cells from a compatible donor may be used, and blood substitutes may be used. The growth area in illegal blood doping of athletes is blood substitutes.

## Related pages

- Doping in sport
SummerSlam (2014)

**SummerSlam (2014)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view and livestreaming show made by WWE. It took place on August 17, 2014 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. It was the twenty-seventh SummerSlam event held by WWE and the first to also stream live on the WWE Network.

The main event saw Brock Lesnar defeat John Cena to win his fourth WWE World Heavyweight Championship.

## Other websites

- Official SummerSlam 2014 website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: SummerSlam (2014)
- **theme**: "Lights Go Out" by Fozzy
"G.D.F.R." by Flo Rida ft. Sage the Gemini
"Sunshine" by Teddybears ft. Malte Holmberg and Natalie Storm
- **promotion**: WWE
- **sponsor**: Totino's, Totino's Bold
Sin City: A Dame to Kill For
Mountain Dew, Diet Mountain Dew
- **date**: August 17, 2014
- **venue**: Staples Center
- **city**: Los Angeles, California
- **lastevent**: Battleground (2014)
- **nextevent**: Night of Champions (2014)
- **event**: SummerSlam
- **lastevent2**: SummerSlam (2013)
- **nextevent2**: SummerSlam (2015)
Bacteriology

**Bacteriology** is the study of bacteria. **Bacteriologists** study, identify, classify, and describe bacterial species.

## Bacteriology and microbiology

Microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses are studied by "microbiologists". However, bacteriology is a distinct science, because the make-up and inheritance of bacteria is rather different from the other groups.

## Related pages

- Bacteria
- Microbiology
Ferdinand Cohn

**Ferdinand Julius Cohn** (24 January 1828 – 25 June 1898) was a German biologist. He is a founder of modern bacteriology and microbiology.

Cohn was born in the Jewish quarter of Breslau in the Prussian Province of Silesia. This is now Wroclaw, Poland. Starting at age 16 he studied botany under Heinrich Goppert at the University of Breslau. He then moved to the University of Berlin. At age 19 in 1847 he received a degree in botany at Berlin.

In 1849 he returned to the University of Breslau and he remained at that university for the rest of his career as a teacher and researcher. His father had bought for him a large and expensive microscope, which the University of Breslau and most universities did not have at that time. They had microscopes, but not so good as his. It was Ferdinand Cohn's main research tool in the 1850s.

In the 1850s he studied the growth and division of plant cells. In 1855 he produced papers on the sexuality of _Sphaeroplea_ and later _Volvox_. In the 1860s he studied plant physiology. Cohn was the first to classify algae as plants, and to define what distinguishes them from green plants.

From 1870 onward he mostly studied bacteria. He published over 150 research reports during his lifetime. The University of Breslau became an innovative center for plant physiology and microbiology while he was there. His classification of bacteria into four groups based on shape (sphericals, short rods, threads, and spirals) is still in use today.

Among other things Cohn showed that _Bacillus_ can change from a vegetative state to an endospore when conditions are hard. Heat resistant spores of _B. subtilis_ caused a controversy over spontaneous generation. Cohn explained why boiled infusions of hay and cheese could still get microbial growth.  It was because they contained heat resistant spores.

## Other websites

- Jewish Encyclopedia entry for Ferdinand Julius Cohn
- Ferdinand Cohn in the _Encyclopedia of World Biography_, published by Gale Group (2010).
Plant physiology

**Plant physiology** is the part of botany which studies how plants work. That is the physiology of plants. Using a variety of methods, botanists study how plants reproduce, grow, get nutrients, photosynthesise, get water, and so on.

The main topics of plant physiology are photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormones, tropism, nastic movement, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy, stomata function and transpiration.

## Related pages

- Hyperaccumulator