juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mikhail Chigorin

**Mikhail Ivanovich Chigorin**  (Gatchina, Russia, 12 November 1850 – Lublin, Poland, 25 January 1908) was a leading Russian chess player.

He was a major source of inspiration for the "Soviet school of chess", which dominated the chess world in the middle and latter parts of the 20th century.

Chigorin was for a while one of the world's top four players. He twice challenged Wilhelm Steinitz for the World Chess Championship. Both matches were held in Havana. In 1889 Steinitz won 10½–6½, and in 1892 by 12½–10½. Chigorin drew an 1893 match with Siegbert Tarrasch in Saint Petersburg (11–11); Tarrasch was probably the world #2 at that time.

Chigorin made a number of contributions to the theory of chess openings. The most important were the Chigorin Variation of the Ruy Lopez (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 d6 8.c3 O-O 9.h3 Na5) and the Chigorin Defence to the Queen's Gambit (1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nc6).

Chigorin gave many lectures, wrote magazine articles and chess columns. He subsidised or otherwise supported a number of periodicals to keep them afloat despite low readership levels. He also founded a chess club in Saint Petersburg and tried for many years to establish a chess association, an attempt that finally succeeded just a few years after his death.

His early death was caused by diabetes, for which there was no remedy at the time.

## Infobox (chess player)

- **playername**: Mikhail Chigorin
- **image**: Chigorin, Mikhail Ivanovich - DPLA - 9c37ad8b0a499dd5d59881f56d7a6976 (cropped).jpg
- **birthname**: Mikhail Ivanovich Chigorin
- **birth date**: 12 November 1850
- **birth place**: Gatchina, Russia
- **death place**: Lublin, Poland
Fran Drescher

**Francine Joy "Fran" Drescher** (born September 30, 1957) is an American television, movie, musical theatre and voice actress, television director and producer, comedian, screenwriter, model, health, LGBT rights and political activist. She is of Jewish descent.

Her acting career began around 1977 when she acted in the movie _Saturday Night Fever_. She is best known for playing Fran Fine from the sitcom _The Nanny_. Her other notable movie roles include _Jack_ (1996) and _Beautician and the Beast_ (1997).

Drescher wrote her memoirs and is a Universal Life Church minister. She was born in New York City.

She is a uterine cancer survivor. She is a Democrat and a critic of capitalism. In 1985, she was raped by armed robbers.

In September 2021, Drescher was elected President of SAG-AFTRA.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Fran Drescher
- **image**: Fran Drescher 2018.jpg
- **caption**: Drescher in 2018
- **office**: 3rd SAG-AFTRA#Leadership history, National President of SAG–AFTRA
- **term start**: October 15, 2021
- **term end**: September 12, 2025
- **predecessor**: Gabrielle Carteris
- **successor**: Sean Astin
- **birth name**: Francine Joy Drescher
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **partner**: Shiva Ayyadurai (2014–2016)
- **education**: Queens College, City University of New York, Queens College, CUNY (no degree)
- **signature**: Fran Drescher signature.svg
- **signature alt**: Fran Drescher
En Vogue

**En Vouge** are a Grammy Award winning American female R&B and pop girl group quartet. They were founded in Oakland, California. They formed in 1989. Four members-Cindy Herron, Terry Ellis, Dawn Robinson and Maxine Jones make up this female group. En Vogue released their first record _Born to Sing_ during 1990. They won many awards in the 1990s and 2000s, including seven MTV Video Music Awards and four Soul Train Awards.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- 1990: _Born to Sing_
- 1992: _Funky Divas_
- 1997: _EV3_
- 2000: _Masterpiece Theatre_
- 2002: _The Gift of Christmas_
- 2004: _Soul Flower_

- EPs
- 1991: _Remix to Sing_
- 1993: _Runaway Love_

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: En Vogue
- **img**: En Vogue live.jpeg
- **image size**: 200px
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Oakland, California, United States
- **years active**: 1989–present
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic, EastWest Records, EastWest, Discretion Ent., 33rd Street Records, 33rd Street,  Rufftown Entertainment Group, Inc.
- **current members**: Terry Ellis
Cindy Herron
Maxine Jones
Rhona Bennett
- **past members**: Amanda Cole
Dawn Robinson
Smart Technologies

**Smart Technologies** is a company that was started in Calgary, Alberta, Canada in 1987. It is most famous for its invention of the _Smart Board_, which is the most popular interactive whiteboard in the world.

Smart Technologies has received over 15 awards, including the 2009 EdNET Pioneer Award. In 2010, the company placed shares on the NASDAQ stock exchange and Toronto Stock Exchange.

In 2016, SMART Technologies Inc. was acquired by Foxconn for $200 million.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Smart Technologies Corporation
- **company type**: Public company, Public
- **traded as**:

- **foundation**: 1987
- **founder**: David Martin
 Nancy Knowlton
- **location**: Calgary, Alberta, AB, Canada
- **num employees**: 900
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **key people**: Neil Gaydon (CEO)
- **industry**: Computer technology
Computer software
- **products**: Interactive whiteboards, student response system, wireless slates, interactive pen displays, interactive digital signage, conferencing software, classroom management software, concept-mapping software
- **revenue**: $589.2 million United States dollar, USD (2014)
- **net income**: $20.5 million United States dollar, USD (2014)
Icing (ice hockey)

**Icing** in ice hockey is a rule the happens when a player shoots the puck across at least two red lines, the other team's goal line being the last, and the puck remains untouched but it is not icing if the player shoots the puck from behind the halfway line of the ice into the goal. If the goal went into the net it would be counted as a goal. There is also **automatic** or **no-touch icing** which is used mostly in lower-level professional hockey leagues like the ECHL and Central Hockey League, It was enforced in 1990 after Luděk Čajka, a Czech player rushed to get to the puck in an icing situation, he crashed into the boards, suffered severe spinal injuries, and died a few weeks later. Sometimes the goaltender will raise his hand for icing also.

If icing is waved off by a referee it is either because:

- The team committing the icing is shorthanded, (penalty killing).
- The linesman believes that a player on the other team (other than the goalkeeper) could have played the puck before it crossed the goal line.
- In the NHL, the linesman deems the icing is the result of an attempted receivable pass.
Copenhagen interpretation

The **Copenhagen interpretation** is an interpretation of quantum mechanics in physics. It was developed by Werner Heisenberg and Niels Bohr,  in Copenhagen in 1927. It is based on an idea called Born's law of the wave function by the Nobel Prize laureate Max Born. It is one of the first usable models of quantum mechanics.
Cam Fowler

**Cam Fowler** (born December 5, 1991 in Windsor, Ontario) is an American-Canadian NHL ice hockey defenceman for the Anaheim Ducks. He was picked by the Anaheim Ducks with the twelfth overall pick in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. He played in the OHL with the Windsor Spitfires. He holds dual citizenship because his mother is a native of Michigan and his father is a native to Newfoundland.

## Awards

- He won the gold medal at the 2010 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.
- He was part of the Memorial Cup All-Star Team in 2010.
- He won the gold medal at the 2010 IIHF U18 Championships.
- He was named the IIHF World U18 Championships Best Defenseman in 2009.
- He was part of the IIHF World U18 Championships All-Star Team in 2009
- He won the silver medal at the 2008 World U-17 Hockey Challenge.
- He was part of the World U-17 Hockey Challenge All-Star Team in 2008.

## Other websites

- Cam Fowler's NHL Player Page

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **team**: Anaheim Ducks
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **image**: Cam Fowler - April 2010.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Defenceman (ice hockey), Defense
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 190
- **ntl team**: USA
- **birth place**: Windsor, Ontario, Windsor, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **draft**: 12th overall
- **draft year**: 2010
- **draft team**: Anaheim Ducks
- **career start**: 2010
Staphylococcus

***Staphylococcus*** is a genus of gram-positive bacteria. The name comes from the  (_staphylē_) which means "bunch of grapes" and κόκκος (_kókkos_) which means "granule". Under a microscope they appear round, because they are cocci. They form in grape-like clusters.

The _Staphylococcus_ genus includes at least forty species. Of these, nine have two subspecies and one has three subspecies. Most are harmless and live normally on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other organisms. Found worldwide, they are a small component of soil microbial flora.

## Related pages

- _Staphylococcus aureus_
- Staphylococcal infection
Streptococcus

***Streptococcus*** is a genus of spherical Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the lactic acid bacteria group. They are cocci, meaning that they are shaped like spheres or circles. Cellular division occurs along a single axis in these bacteria, and thus they grow in chains or pairs, hence the name from Greek στρεπτος _streptos_, meaning easily bent or twisted, like a chain (twisted chain). Contrast this with staphylococci, which divide along multiple axes and generate grape-like clusters of cells. Streptococci are oxidase and catalase-negative, and many are facultative anaerobes.
Kimberley Locke

**Kimberley Dawn Locke** (born January 3, 1978) is an American singer-songwriter and model. Locke first came to national attention when she was a contestant on _American Idol_.

Locke was born in Hartsville, Tennessee.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kimberley Locke
- **image**: Kimberley Locke At Gracie Awards crop.jpg
- **caption**: Locke in May 2011
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Kimberley Dawn Locke
- **alias**: Kim Locke
- **birth place**: Hartsville, Tennessee
- **origin**: Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- **genre**: Contemporary R&B, R&B, Pop music, pop, dance music, dance
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter
- **label**: Curb Records, Curb, Dream Merchant 21, I AM Entertainment
- **associated acts**: Randy Jackson
BlackBerry

**BlackBerry** is a line of mobile phones made by the Canadian company BlackBerry Limited (originally known as Research In Motion, or RIM, NASDAQ:BBRY). It does many different things like a computer but is small enough to fit in someone's hand. It is a mobile phone; it makes calls without wires. It can access the Internet as well. It also has a calendar and camera, and can send text messages. The BlackBerry started out as a pager and later turned into a mobile phone. The BlackBerry has a PIN which is an eight character hexadecimal identification number which is given to every BlackBerry phone. The President of The United States Barack Obama used and supported the BlackBerry.

in 2012, when it was most popular, there were 80,000,000 users across the world.

## Other websites

- BlackBerry - Official website
Penélope Cruz

**Penélope Cruz Sánchez** (; ; born 28 April 1974 in Madrid, Spain) is a Spanish television and movie actress. She has starred in many movies of many different genres, including _Vicky Cristina Barcelona_. Cruz got her start when she was picked from 300 other girls in a talent agency audition at age 15. This led to acting jobs in television and in commercials. Her movie debut was in 1992. She has been married to Javier Bardem since 2010. They have two children.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Penélope Cruz
- **image**: Premios Goya 2018 - Penélope Cruz.jpg
- **caption**: Cruz at the 32nd Goya Awards, 2018 Goya Awards
- **alt**: A photograph of Penélope Cruz at the 32nd Annual Goya Awards
- **birth name**: Penélope Cruz Sánchez
- **birth place**: Alcobendas, Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- **nationality**: Spanish people, Spanish
- **years active**: 1989–present
- **children**: 2
- **relatives**: Mónica Cruz (sister)
Mount Rowan

**Mount Rowan** is a small extinct volcano on the edge of the city of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. It was also known as Waldies Hill. It is 518 metres above sea level. The lava flows from the volcano are thought to be from 2.1 million to 2.9 million years ago. It is one of the 123 volcanoes in the Ballarat and Daylesford area. These are part of the Western Victorian Volcanic Plains. In 2009, a geologist, Professor Bernie Joyce warned that the volcanoes around Ballarat could become active again.
Laura Branigan

**Laura Ann Branigan** (July 3, 1952 – August 26, 2004) was an American singer, songwriter and actress.

## Overview

Branigan was best known for her 1982 platinum hit _Gloria_. She also starred on several television shows. Branigan's songs were featured in soundtracks for the movies _Flashdance_ and _Ghostbusters_.

## Early life

Branigan was born on July 3, 1952 in Mount Kisco, New York, United States. Her father was an account executive and mutual funds broker. In 1970, she graduated from high school and attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City (NYC).

## Career

Branigan toured Europe as a backup singer with Leonard Cohen. She started her solo career in 1982. Her first album, _Branigan_, was released in 1982. A song _Gloria_ from that album stayed on top of the pop charts for 36 weeks. It reached number six on the British pop charts. It was a remake of an Italian song from the 1970s. The song got her a nomination for a Grammy for best female pop singer. She was nominated for three more during her career.

She released seven more albums. She co-wrote the song _How Am I Supposed To Live Without You?_ with a then unknown Michael Bolton. In 1981, Branigan appeared on German television in _An American Girl in Berlin_. She was a guest on the American TV show _CHiPS_.

She starred in the movie _Mugsy's Girls_ in 1984. She also appeared in the 1988 movie _Backstage_. In 2002, she starred in the Off-Broadway production of _Love, Janis_, playing Janis Joplin. She received rave (very good) reviews for her performance.

## Personal

In 1981, Branigan met Larry Kruteck, an attorney, at a party in Manhattan. They married that same year, when she was 29 years old and he was 44. In 1994 her husband was diagnosed with colon cancer. She quit singing to take care of him full time. Kruteck died in 1996.

### Health decline

In 2001, as she was just returning to singing again, she fell from a ladder at her home and broke both her legs. Branigan was in physical therapy for six months.

## Death

On August 26, 2004, Branigan died of a brain aneurysm. She died in her sleep at her home in East Quogue, New York. She was 52 years old.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Laura Branigan
- **image**: Laura Branigan c. 1982.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Laura Ann Branigan
- **birth place**: Mount Kisco, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: East Quogue, New York, U.S.
- **years active**: 1978–2004
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic
Bangladesh–South Korea relations

**Bangladesh–South Korea relations** are foreign relations between Bangladesh and South Korea. Bangladesh is the nation which established both relations among two Koreas. North Korea made its official diplomacy with Bangladesh in 1973.

In 1974, South Korea opened its embassy in the capital Dhaka while her counterpart in 1987.

## Infobox (bilateral relations)

- Bangladesh-South Korea
- Bangladesh
- South Korea
Aalten

**Aalten** is a town and municipality in the eastern Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It lies in the Achterhoek region near the German border.

The former municipality of Bredevoort merged into Aalten in 1818 and that of Dinxperlo in 2005. Aalten village had about 17,400 inhabitants and Aalten municipality about 27,000 inhabitants in 2021.

## Settlements

- Aalten (town)
- Barlo
- Bredevoort
- Dale
- Dinxperlo

- Haart
- Heurne
- IJzerlo
- 't Klooster
- Lintelo

## References

- Plaatsengids.nl

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Aalten
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality, town
- **image skyline**: Aalten gemeentehuis.jpg
- **image caption**: Town hall
- **image flag**: Flag of Aalten.svg
- **flag size**: 100x67px
- **image shield**: Coats of arms of Aalten (new).svg
- **shield size**: 100x80px
- **image map**: Map - NL - Municipality code 0197 (2009).svg
- **map caption**: Location
- **image map1**: Gem-Aalten-OpenTopo.jpg
- **map caption1**: Map
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Netherlands
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Gelderland
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Achterhoek
- **governing body**: Municipal council (Netherlands), Municipal council
- **leader party**: ChristianUnion, CU
- **leader title**: Burgemeester, Mayor
- **leader name**: Anton Stapelkamp
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **elevation m**: 31
- **population demonym**: Aaltenaar
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in the Netherlands, Postcode
- **postal code**: 7091, 7095, 7121–7123, 7126
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in the Netherlands, Area code
- **area code**: 0315, 0543
Calico sheep

**Calico sheep** is a kind of sheep with more than one color in its coat.  It is a mutation, but not a recognized breed.

## History

Calico sheep are not related to the black and white sheep that are native to ancient Sudan and to South Africa.

The modern mutation was developed by breeding the Shetland sheep with Barbadian Black Belly Sheep.
- The rams have a curled horn similar to Rocky Mountain Sheep.

- The rams generally weigh up to about .

- The ewes will range in about the  range.

## Related pages

- Calico cat
- Piebald sheep

## Further reading

- Richardson, Tracey. "Sheep earn their keep at winery,"  _Owen Sound Sun Times_ (Canada). July 17, 2012; retrieved 2012-8-19.
- "Moose on the loose in Northwest Alberta," _Global News_ (Canada). March 11, 2012; retrieved 2012-8-19.
Civilization (series)

**Civilization** is a series of computer games made by Sid Meier. In it, you make a virtual civilization going from thousands of years ago to the near future. The game is played by doing certain things each turn. You can move units or make them do stuff, build or change cities, and negotiate with other civilizations. These civilizations are controlled by a computer. You win by taking over other civilizations, building a spaceship, or getting the highest score.

At the beginning, you chose which civilization to play. Each one has its own characteristics (something that makes it different from the others). Cities are very important. You need them to build buildings that improve the city, and units. The units can attack other units, build more cities, and improve the land. You can also research technologies. Technologies allow you to do more things.

There are five main games in the series, called Civilization I-VI (1-6). Some of them have expansion packs. There is also Civilization Revolution, which is like Civilization 1-6, but it works on the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Nintendo DS, and iPhone. The first version, Civilization, was released in 1991, and games have been released ever since.

## Related pages

These are the versions of the game. They are in order from oldest to newest.

- Civilization III
- Civilization IV
Unreliable narrator

An **unreliable narrator** in literature, movie, or theatre,  is a **narrator** (storyteller) who cannot tell a story with a neutral point of view. The term was made in 1961 by Wayne C. Booth in _The Rhetoric of Fiction_.
Narrator

A **narrator** is a person who tells a story to an audience. Narrators occur in face-to-face story-telling, and in literary works, movies, and plays. They can be fictional, or they can be real people. When the narrator is also a character within the story, he or she is sometimes known as the viewpoint character. The narrator is one of three parts in any story-telling. The others are the author and the audience; in literature, the latter is the reader.

The author and the audience both live in the real world. It is the author's function to create the universe, people, and events within the story. It is the audience's function to understand and interpret the story. The narrator only exists within the world of the story and presents it in a way the audience can grasp. In non-fiction the narrator and the author may be the same person, since the real world and the world of the story may be the same.

## Related pages

- Unreliable narrator
- Narrative
Ace of Base

**Ace of Base** are a Swedish pop-rock group. The beginning of this group was in 1990. There have been changes in the members of Ace of Base many times. They had four studio albums between 1993 and 2002.
They have sold 30 million copies of their first four studio albums, making them the third most successful Swedish music group of all time, behind ABBA and Roxette.

### Studio albums

- _Happy Nation_ / _The Sign_ (1993)
- _The Bridge_ (1995)
- _Flowers_ / _Cruel Summer_ (1998)
- _Da Capo_ (2002)
- _The Golden Ratio_ (2010)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ace of Base
- **img**: Ace Of Base Toronto 2010 (modified).JPG
- **img capt**: Ace of Base, 2010. L-R: Ulf Ekberg, Jonas Berggren, Julia Williamson, Clara Hagman
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Gothenburg, Sweden
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, Dance music, Dance, Eurodance, Europop, Reggae pop, Reggae-pop
- **years active**: 1990–2015
- **label**: Universal Music Group, Universal Music/Playground Music Scandinavia, Playground Music <small>(2008 – present)</small>
Arista Records/BMG <small>(Americas/Japan, 1993-2000)</small>
Barclay Records <small>(France 1993-95)</small>
Metronome Records <small>(Europe, 1993-98)</small>
Polydor Records <small>(Europe, 1998-2002)</small>
Edel-Mega Records, Mega Records <small>(Scandinavia, 1992-2002)</small>
- **url**: [http://www.aceofbase.com/ www.aceofbase.com]
- **current members**: Jonas Berggren
 Ulf Ekberg
- **past members**: Malin Berggren
 Jenny Berggren
 Clara Hagman
 Julia Williamson
Minnie Driver

**Amelia Fiona J. Driver** (born 31 January 1970), known professionally as **Minnie Driver**, is an English actress and singer. Her notable motion pictures include _Good Will Hunting_.

## Life

Driver was born in Finsbury Park, London.
Warcraft II: Beyond the Dark Portal

***Warcraft II: Beyond the Dark Portal*** is an expansion pack developed by Cyberlore Studios, released in 1996 by Blizzard Entertainment for their award winning real-time strategy computer game _Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness_. As with most computer game expansion packs, _Beyond the Dark Portal_ requires a full version of the original game to run.
Burkholderia gladioli

***Burkholderia gladioli*** is a species of bacteria that needs oxygen (aerobic) and is shaped like a rod. It causes disease in humans and plants and can live in symbiosis with plants and fungi. It is found in soil, water, the rhizosphere, and in many animals.
United Football League (2009–2012)

The **United Football League** is an American Football league that was founded (created) in 2007. The first season was played in 2009. The Las Vegas Locomotives have won both seasons so far.

## Infobox (sports league)

- **title**: United Football League
- **pixels**: 200px
- **last season**: 2012 UFL season
- **sport**: American football
- **founded**: 2007
- **inaugural**: 2009
- **folded**: 2012
- **teams**: 4
- **country**: United States
- **champion**: Virginia Destroyers (1st)
- **most champs**: Las Vegas Locomotives (2)
- **ceo**: Bill Hambrecht (majority owner)
- **tv**: CBS Sports Network (2012)
Comcast SportsNet (2011)
AXS TV, HDNet, Versus (TV channel), Versus (2009–10)
Classics

**Classics** or **classical studies** is a branch of the humanities which studies classical antiquity. It includes many fields of study such as history, philology, philosophy, history, art, languages, literature, and archaeology. In the Western world, it focuses on Mediterranean cultures such as ancient Greece and ancient Rome. A person who works in classical studies is called a **classicist**. The study of classical literature was traditionally the main focus of the humanities.
Chase & Status

**Chase & Status** are an electronic production duo from London consisting of Saul "Chase" Milton and Will "Status" Kennard.

### 2006–2009: Debut album

Chase & Status have had three number one tracks on the UK Dance Chart in 2007 with the double A-side "Hurt You"/"Sell Me Your Soul", and in 2008 with "Take Me Away"/"Judgement (Informer)". On 5 October 2008, they reached number 70 on the national singles chart and number one on the UK Dance Chart again with their single "Pieces" with vocals by Plan B. In 2009, they made number 45 with "Against All Odds" which had UK rapper Kano on vocals.

Chase & Status' first album, _More Than Alot_, debuted in the UK album charts at number 49 on 19 October 2008 and entered the UK dance album chart at number 2.

Their album _More Than Alot_ received the Best Album Award at the 2009 Drum and Bass awards, Birmingham, UK.

### 2009–present: No More Idols

Following the success of their last album the band wanted to gain a more global success. After meeting with a long time favourite of theirs, Cloud9, they decided to move in a different direction. Together they agreed that the band should do more pop collaborations in order to achieve a more better fanbase. Soon afterwards they quickly began working on the album. On 8 November 2009, the duo entered the UK Top 40 for the first time with the track "End Credits". The track was released on 2 November 2009 and featuring British musician Plan B managed to reach a peak of number 9 on the UK Singles Chart. The single was written for the movie _Harry Brown_, which also starred Ben Drew, aka. Plan B.

The duo then released "Let You Go" on 15 August 2010, revealing it to be the second official single to be released from their second studio album, named _No More Idols_ according to posters outside their album launch show at the HMV Forum in Kentish Town on October 21. The single had vocals from Mali and debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 11; marking the duo's second Top 40 hit in a row. "Hypest Hype" featuring Tempa T was confirmed in October 2010 to be the third single from the album and was released as a free download from their website on 8 November 2010; meaning it did not qualify to chart. The fourth single from the album is the dubstep-flavoured _Blind Faith_, which features Nottingham-born soul singer/songwriter Liam Bailey was released on January 24, 2011. The new album also contains a new single 'Heavy' with Dizzee Rascal.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Chase & Status
- **img**: Chase and Status-SMS-2018-16.jpg
- **img capt**: Chase & Status, SonneMondSterne 2018.
- **img size**: 200px
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: London, United Kingdom
- **genre**: Drum and bass, breakbeat, Grime music, grime, Hip hop music, Hip hop, dubstep, liquid funk, triple dubstep
- **years active**: 2003–present
- **label**: Ram Records (UK), Ram, Mercury Records, Mercury, Vertigo Records, Vertigo, Roc Nation
- **associated acts**: Plan B (British musician), Plan B, Rihanna, Kano (rapper), Kano, Mali, Tinie Tempah, Takura, Digga, Dizzee Rascal, Tempa T, Nero (musicians), Nero, Cloud9
- **current members**: Saul Milton
Will Kennard
ESC/P

**ESC/P** is a printer control language developed by Epson. The language was popular with dot-matrix printers. It uses escape codes, a command starts with the escape character. As an example, ESC E will switch on **bold**, and ESC F will switch it off. There are different versions of the protocol, which was also used by other printer manufacturers. Today, ESC/P is rarely used any more; modern printers use page description languages like Postscript, PCL or PDF.
Shirred eggs

**Shirred eggs** (also known as **baked eggs**, or in ) are eggs cooked in a manner which results in a firm white but soft or runny yolk. The name comes from the dish in which the eggs are cooked.

## Process

The eggs are placed in small dishes called ramekins with a knob of butter on top and baked at 180°C (350°F) until the white is set, but the yolk remains soft, which takes around 15 minutes.

## Variations

Variations involve replacing the butter with various types of cream. Provence and Normandy have their own versions.

## Related pages

- Boiled egg#Soft-boiled eggs

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Shirred eggs
- **image**: Oeufs cocotte provencale.jpg
- **image size**: 240px
- **caption**: Shirred eggs ("")
- **alternate name**: Baked eggs
- **main ingredient**: egg (food), eggs
- **variations**: Eggs __
Printer Command Language

The **Printer Command Language** (often shortened to **PCL**) is a page description language, developed by Hewlett-Packard. As of 2011, most modern printers understand PCL. Its complexity is between pure ASCII text, such as in ESC-P, and for example Postscript. There are different versions of the language. Common versions:
- PCL3, PCL3+: Can use raster description of fonts, grayscale, 300 dpi output maximum
- PCL3c,PCL3c+: Supports color, in addition to PCL3/PCL3+
- PCL3GUI: Allows compression of raster images, is not compatible with other PCL standards
- PCL4: Macros, bigger bitmaps, introduction of graphics
- PCL5: Supports graphics in HPGL/2, fonts can be resized
- PCL5e: Supports bidirectional communication with the printer, supports the windows fonts
- PCL5c: Color version of PCL5e, supports different color palettes, and the option to select different colors
- PCL XL later renamed to PCL6 enhanced: Allows compression to increase throughput. This is a stack-based object oriented programming language similar to Postscript
- PCL 6 standard: Either PCL5e or PCL5c, for backwards compatibility
- Jet Ready: Lowcost version of PCL XL. Only supports JFIF images. Allows to build printers without raster image processor, and without a lot of memory. The Rasterization is done in the computer, the printer only "prints images".

Except where stated, PCL versions are downwards compatible. A printer that supports PCL6 can also be programmed using PCL3, for example.

PCL is a very efficient way of coding. For this reason, certain manufacturers build high-volume printers that support different versions of PCL. Such printers can do more than 1000 pages per minute.
Graphics Device Interface

The **Graphics Device Interface** is an API of Microsoft Windows used for representing graphical objects and transmitting them to output devices, such as printers and monitors.

GDI is responsible for tasks such as drawing lines and curves, rendering fonts and handling palettes. It is not directly responsible for drawing windows, menus, etc.; that task is reserved for another subsystem built on top of GDI. Other systems have components that are similar to GDI, for example Macintosh's QuickDraw and GNOME/GTK's GDK/Xlib.

Perhaps the most significant capability of GDI over more direct methods of accessing the hardware is its scaling capabilities, and abstraction of target devices. Using GDI, it is very easy to draw on multiple devices, such as a screen and a printer, and expect proper reproduction in each case. This capability is at the center of all What You See Is What You Get applications for Microsoft Windows.

Simple games that do not require fast graphics rendering use GDI. However, GDI cannot animate properly as it has no notion of synchronizing with the framebuffer, and lacks rasterization for 3D. Modern games usually use DirectX or OpenGL instead, which give programmers the capabilities to use features of modern  hardware.
Ramekin

A **ramekin** or  is a small glazed ceramic or glass serving bowl used for preparing and serving various food dishes. The word is from French (as _ramequin_), and before that, Middle Dutch and Middle Low German.

## Details

Ramekins usually have a volume of , and are dishes commonly used for serving a variety of dishes such as crème brûlée, French onion soup, Molten chocolate cake, moimoi, cheese or egg dishes, poi, potted shrimps, ice cream, soufflé, baked "cocottes", crumbles, or scallops or used to serve side garnishes and condiments alongside an entree.

Traditionally circular with a fluted exterior, ramekins can also be found in novelty shapes, such as flowers, hearts or stars.

Ramekins are built to withstand high temperatures, as they are often used in ovens, or in the case of crème brûlée, exposed to the flame of a cooking torch.
Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre

**Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre** (Turkish: Muratağa, Sandallar ve Atlılar katliamı) was a massacre of  126 Turkish Cypriots in the villages of Maratha (Muratağa), Santalaris (Sandallar) and Aloda (Atlılar) in Cyprus. It happened on 14-16 August 1974, done by Cyprus Greek. The massacre was committed by EOKA-B.

89 (or 84) Turkish Cypriots people were killed by Cypriot Greeks in Maratha and Santalaris. Another 37 Turkish Cypriot people were killed by Cypriot Greeks in Aloda. Old people and children were also killed. Only three people could escape from the massacre in Aloda. A bulldozer buried people into mass graves. People from Maratha and Santalaris were buried in the same grave.
Susan Sullivan

**Susan Michaela Sullivan** (born November 18, 1942) is an American movie and television actress. She played Lenore in the soap opera _Another World_. She also starred in the soap _Falcon Crest_ (1981–1989) and the television sitcom _Dharma & Greg_. Sullivan was born November 18, 1942.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Susan Sullivan.jpg
- **name**: Susan Sullivan
- **birth name**: Susan Michaela Sullivan
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, United States
- **occupation**: Actress
- **domesticpartner**: Connell Cowan
- **yearsactive**: 1964–present
Guangdong

**Guangdong** () is a province on the southern coast of China. The meaning of the name in Chinese is "east of the expanse" or "expanse's east". It has a higher population and GDP than any other province in China. Its capital city is Guangzhou. Guangdong has 49 districts, 30 county-level cities, 42 counties, and three autonomous counties.

Guangdong has an area of 177,900 km<sup>2</sup> (68,700 sq mi) and is the 15th biggest province in China. In 2008, more than 95,440,000 people were living in Guangdong. They speak several different kinds of dialects. More than half of the people speak Yue Chinese, which is also the main dialect in the neighboring Hong Kong, while Min Chinese and Hakka Chinese each has about 20% of the total speakers.

The shortened name for Guangdong is Yue (粤), since Guangxi also shares the first word "Guang" (广), meaning "expanse".

Economy: The largest companies are (as of 2024) Huawei, BYD, Foxconn, Midea, GIIHG, Luxshare, Gree, TCL, GAC and ZTE.

## Other websites

- How to (say or) pronounce Guangdong. Channel, "Pronounce Names" at YouTube.com
Elly Jackson

**Eleanor Kate "Elly" Jackson** is an English singer and songwriter. She is the lead singer of the electropop duo La Roux. She was born on 12 March 1988 in London. She is the younger daughter of actress Trudie Goodwin. La Roux’s debut album, La Roux, was an instant hit, amassing over 400 million streams on Spotify since its release.
Booker T. & the M.G.'s

**Booker T. & the M.G.'s** are a rhythm and blues (R&B) band that are important in the history of soul music. They started in 1960 when they played instrumental music for singers. They did not sing themselves. They worked at Stax Records, and played music on hundreds of important records by famous singers such as Wilson Pickett, Otis Redding, Bill Withers, Sam & Dave, Carla Thomas and Rufus Thomas and Johnnie Taylor.

They also make their own records. As they do not sing, these are instrumental records - music without singing.  In 1962 they made a record called "Green Onions" which was a single, and this was a success. People liked the sound of their music, and by the mid-1960s, bands in America and in Great Britain were trying to copy their sound.

People liked them so much and felt they were so important they were given an award of being named in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992.

## Persons in the band

Persons in the band when they started in 1960 were Booker T. Jones (organ and piano), Steve Cropper (electric guitar), Lewie Steinberg (bass guitar), and Al Jackson, Jr. (drums).

Steinberg left the band in 1965, and Donald "Duck" Dunn joined the band. Since Al Jackson, Jr. was murdered in 1975, the band have used several drummers.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The M.G.'s
- **img**: Booker T. & the M.G.'s Tunica, Mississippi 2002.jpg
- **img capt**: Booker T. & the M.G.'s live in Tunica, Mississippi, 2002
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Memphis, Tennessee, United States, U.S.
- **genre**: R&B, instrumental rock, southern soul, electric blues
- **years active**: 1962–1971
1973–1977
1994–present
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic, Stax Records, Stax
- **current members**: Booker T. Jones
Donald "Duck" Dunn
Steve Cropper
Steve Potts
- **past members**: Lewie Steinberg
Al Jackson, Jr.
Willie Hall (drummer), Willie Hall
Stax Records

**Stax Records** is an American record company, originally based in Memphis, Tennessee. The band Booker T. & the M.G.'s were employed by the company to play music on records by many singers, including Isaac Hayes, Wilson Pickett and Otis Redding.

### 1957–1960: Early years as Satellite Records

Stax Records, originally named **Satellite Records**, was founded in Memphis in 1957 by Jim Stewart, initially operating in a garage. Satellite's early releases were country music, rockabilly records or straight pop numbers, reflecting the tastes of Stewart (a country fiddle player) at the time.

## Other websites

- Official Stax Records site
- Stax Museu

## Infobox (record label)

- **parent**: Concord Music Group
- **founder**: Jim Stewart (music), Jim Stewart, Estelle Axton
- **location**: Memphis, Tennessee
- **distributor**: Concord Records (in the United States), Universal Music Group (worldwide distribution)
Craft Recordings (reissues)
Atlantic Records, Rhino Entertainment (Pre-1968 catalog)
- **genre**: soul music, Soul, blues, funk
- **country**: United States
Matt Ellison

**Matthew Ellison** (born December 8, 1983 in Duncan, British Columbia) is a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays in the Kontinental Hockey League for Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod. He was picked by the Chicago Blackhawks with the one hundred and twenty-eighth overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. e played in the NHL for the Chicago Blackhawks before being traded to the Philadelphia Flyers along with a 3rd-round pick in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft for Patrick Sharp and Éric Meloche. He signed a one-year contract on July 4, 2008 to play in Latvia with the Dinamo Riga of the Kontinental Hockey League before signing with HC MVD.

## Other websites

- Matt Ellison's NHL Player Page

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **team**: Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod
- **former teams**: Dinamo Riga
HC MVD
**National Hockey League, NHL**
Chicago Blackhawks
Philadelphia Flyers
- **league**: Kontinental Hockey League, KHL
- **image**: Matt Ellison 2010-12-12 (5).jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right wing
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 192
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **birth place**: Duncan, British Columbia, Duncan, British Columbia, BC, Canada, CAN
- **draft**: 128th overall
- **draft year**: 2002
- **draft team**: Chicago Blackhawks
- **career start**: 2003
Fernando Pisani

**Fernando Antonio Pisani**  (born December 27, 1976) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. He was picked by the Edmonton Oilers with the 195th overall pick in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. He formerly played for the Edmonton Oilers from 2002 to 2010, the Chicago Blackhawks in 2011 and also played for the SCL Tigers of the National League A and the Asiago Hockey A.S. of the Serie A during the 2004-05 NHL lockout.

## Other websites

- Fernando Pisani's NHL Player Page

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Fernando Pisani
- **image**: Fernando Pisani.JPG
- **image size**: 230px
- **birth place**: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 205
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **played for**: Edmonton Oilers
Chicago Blackhawks
SCL Tigers
HC Asiago
Södertälje SK
- **draft**: 195th overall
- **draft year**: 1996
- **draft team**: Edmonton Oilers
- **career start**: 2000
- **career end**: 2011
Tracy Beaker Returns

***Tracy Beaker Returns*** is a British drama children's television series starring Dani Harmer. It was first broadcast on 8 January 2010, on CBBC and BBC HD. It won the BAFTA award. It was replaced by a new series called _The Dumping Ground_ in 2013.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Children's television series, Children's drama
- **creator**: Jacqueline Wilson, and Tracy Beaker Productions Ltd
- **starring**: List of Tracy Beaker series characters, Current Cast
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **num episodes**: 39
- **list episodes**: List of Tracy Beaker Returns episodes
- **executive producer**: Josephine Ward
- **producer**: Gina Cronk
- **runtime**: 28 minutes
- **network**: CBBC (TV channel), CBBC
- **num series**: 3
20th century in literature

**Literature** of the **20th century** refers to world literature produced during 1900 through the 1990s. The best-selling works of the 20th century are thought to be _Quotations from Chairman Mao_ (1966, 900 million copies), _Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone_ (1997, 120 million copies), _And Then There Were None_ (1939, 115 million copies) and _The Lord of the Rings_ (1954/55, 100 million copies). The Lord of the Rings was also voted "book of the century" in various surveys. _Perry Rhodan_ (1961 to present) boasts as being the best-selling book series, with an estimated total of 1 billion copies sold.
Love Like This

**"Love Like This"** is an R&B song by singer Natasha Bedingfield featuring Sean Kingston. The song was released in North America on October 2, 2007 as part of _Pocketful of Sunshine_, the second studio album by Natasha Bedingfield which was released in 2008. The song was commercially successful upon its release in the United States and reached into the Top 20 on many musical charts.
Unwritten (song)

**"Unwritten"** is a 2004 single by singer Natasha Bedingfield, although the song was not released in the United States until 2006. The song is from her debut record, also titled _Unwritten_. This song hit number five on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 and became Bedingfield's first top ten hit single in the United States. This single and "Pocketful of Sunshine" are among Bedingfield's most successful singles.

It is in the key of B-flat major (in the F Mixolydian mode).
Backlash (2004)

**Backlash (2004)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) for their Raw brand. It took place on April 18, 2004 at the Rexall Place in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was the sixth Backlash event held by WWE and the first that was held outside of the United States.

## Results

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Val Venis defeated Matt Hardy|Singles match|07:56||||||
|Shelton Benjamin defeated Ric Flair|Singles match|09:29||||||
|Jonathan Coachman defeated Tajiri|Singles match|06:25||||||
|Chris Jericho defeated Christian and Trish Stratus|Intergender handicap match|11:12||||||
|Victoria (c) defeated Lita|Singles match for the WWE Women's Championship|07:22||||||
|Randy Orton (c) defeated Cactus Jack|Hardcore match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship|23:03||||||
|Rosey and The Hurricane defeated La Résistance (Robert Conway and Sylvain Grenier)|Tag team match|05:02||||||
|Edge defeated Kane|Singles match|06:25||||||
|Chris Benoit (c) defeated Shawn Michaels and Triple H|Triple Threat match for the World Heavyweight Championship|30:08||||||
|colspan="4" align="center"||||||||

## Other websites

- Backlash Official Website
- Official Backlash PPV History

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Backlash (2004)
- **tagline**: The Final Encounter
- **theme**: "South of Sideways, Eyes Wired Shut" by Edgewater (band), Edgewater
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Entertainment
- **date**: April 18, 2004
- **brand**: WWE Raw, Raw
- **venue**: Rexall Place
- **city**: Edmonton, Alberta
- **lastevent**: WrestleMania XX
- **nextevent**: Judgment Day (2004)
- **event**: WWE Backlash, Backlash
- **lastevent2**: Backlash (2003)
- **nextevent2**: Backlash (2005)
James River

**James River** is a 410 miles long river in the state of Virginia in the United States. It is the  longest river in the United States that is only in one state. The river starts at the Allegheny Mountains and goes into the Atlantic Ocean.
Gucci Mane

**Radric Delantic Davis** (born February 12, 1980), known professionally as **Gucci Mane**, is an American rapper and record executive.

Gucci released his first studio album _Trap House_ in 2005. In 2007, he founded his own label, 1017 Records. He has released 12 studio albums and over 70 mixtapes.

He has a large tattoo of an ice cream cone tattooed onto his face which he got after he was released from the hospital.

## Personal life

In 2017, Gucci married Keyshia Ka'oir. They have one son (born in 2020).

### Studio albums

- 2005: _Trap House_
- 2006: _Hard to Kill_
- 2007: _Trap-A-Thon_
- 2007: _Back to the Trap House_
- 2009: _Murder Was the Case_
- 2009: _The State vs. Radric Davis_
- 2010: _The Appeal: Georgia's Most Wanted_
- 2011: _The Return of Mr. Zone 6_
- _Trap God_
- 2015: _Trap House 3_
- _Trap House 4_
- _Trap House 5: The Last Chapter_
- 2016: _Everybody Looking_
- _The Return of East Atlanta Santa_
- 2017: _Mr. Davis_
- _El Gato: The Human Glacier_
- 2018: _Evil Genius_

### Collaborative albums

- 2011: _Ferrari Boyz_ <small>(with Waka Flocka Flame)</small>
- 2011: _BAYTL_ <small>(with V-Nasty)</small>
- TBA: _Glacier Boyz_ <small>(with Migos and Lil Yachty)</small>

## Filmography

|style="background:#B0C4DE;"|Year|style="background:#B0C4DE;"|Movie|style="background:#B0C4DE;"|Role|style="background:#B0C4DE;"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2007|_No Pad No Pencil_|Himself||||||
|2007|_Gucci Mane – Glockumentary DVD_|Himself||||||
|2008|_Gucci Mane – Who Framed Radric Davis (DVD)_|Himself||||||
|2008|_ Hood Affairs – Trap-A-Holic: (Gucci Mane Edition)_|Himself||||||
|2009|_Hood Affairs – Gucci Mane – Trap-A-Holic 2 DVD_|Himself||||||
|2009|_The Come Up DVD 20 (Gucci Mane Edition)_|Himself||||||
|2009|_Money Mafia: Gucci Mane (Street Classic Edition)_|Himself||||||
|2010|_Hood Affairs: Gucci Mane – 1017 Brick Squad aka Trap-A-Holic 3 DVD_|Himself||||||
|2010|_The Raw Report Presents: Gucci Mane "King of Diamonds DVD"_|Himself||||||
|2010|_Gucci Mane x Raw Report – Documentary _|Himself||||||
|2010|_Gucci Gone Bonkers DVD_|Himself||||||
|2010|_Gucci 3D DVD_|Himself||||||
|2011|_Gucci Mane In Wonderland_|Himself||||||
|2012|_My Come Up_|Himself||||||
|2012|_Birds of a Feather_|Himself||||||
|2012|_Spring Breakers_|Archie "Big Arch"||||||
|2013|_Gucci Mane – The Lost Footage_|Himself||||||
|2015|_The Spot_|||||||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **origin**: Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.


## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Gucci Mane, Clout Festival 2024 03.jpg
- **caption**: Gucci Mane performing in 2024
- **education**: McNair High School (Georgia), Ronald E. McNair High School
Perimeter College at Georgia State University (no degree)
- **birth name**: Radric Delantic Davis
- **birth place**: Bessemer, Alabama, U.S.
- **years active**: 2001–present
- **agent**: Paradigm Talent Agency
- **children**: 3
- **awards**: #Awards and nominations, Full list