juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Yahya Jammeh

**Yahya Abdul-Aziz Jemus Junkung Jammeh** (; born 25 May 1965) is a Gambian politician. He became the president of The Gambia in 1994.

## Other websites

- Jammeh to Hizbullah TV: We Support Iran's Nuclear Program; All Countries Are Entitled to Obtain Nuclear Weapons Until These Are Abolished

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birth name**: Yahya Abdul-Aziz Jemus Junkung Jammeh
- **name**: Yahya Jammeh
<small>يحيى جامع</small>
- **image**: Gambia President Yahya Jammeh.jpg
- **office**: 2nd President of the Gambia
- **vicepresident**: Isatou Njie-Saidy
- **term start**: 22 July 1994
- **term end**: 19 January 2017
- **predecessor**: Dawda Jawara
- **successor**: Adama Barrow
- **birth place**: Kanilai, The Gambia, Gambia
- **party**: Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction
- **spouse**: Zeinab Suma
Alima Sallah (possibly divorced)
- **children**: Mariam
Muhammed
- **alma mater**: Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation
- **allegiance**: The Gambia
- **branch**: Military of the Gambia, Gambian National Army
- **serviceyears**: 1984–1996
- **rank**: Colonel
Vano Merabishvili

**Ivane "Vano" Merabishvili** (; born 15 April 1968) is a Georgian politician. He became Prime Minister of Georgia on 4 July 2012. His term ended after his resignation on 25 October 2012.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Vano Merabishvili

- **image**: Ivane Merabishvili.jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Georgia
- **president**: Mikheil Saakashvili
- **term start**: 4 July 2012
- **term end**: 25 October 2012
- **predecessor**: Nika Gilauri
- **successor**: Bidzina Ivanishvili
- **office1**: Ministry of Internal Affairs (Georgia), Minister of Internal Affairs
- **primeminister1**: Zurab Zhvania
Zurab Noghaideli
Lado Gurgenidze
Grigol Mgaloblishvili
Nika Gilauri
- **term start1**: 28 December 2004
- **term end1**: 4 July 2012
- **predecessor1**: Irakli Okruashvili
- **successor1**: Bachana Akhalaia
- **office2**: Minister of State Security
- **primeminister2**: Zurab Zhvania
- **term start2**: 10 June 2004
- **term end2**: 15 December 2004
- **predecessor2**: Zurab Adeishvili
- **successor2**: Position abolished
- **birth place**: Samtskhe-Javakheti, Ude, Soviet Union

- **party**: Union of Citizens of Georgia
United National Movement
- **spouse**: Tako Salaq'aia
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: Georgian Technical University
Bidzina Ivanishvili

**Bidzina Ivanishvili** (, also known as **Boris Ivanishvili**; born 18 February 1956) is a Georgian businessman and politician. He became the Prime Minister of Georgia on 25 October 2012. He resigned his position as Prime Minister on 20 November 2013.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bidzina Ivanishvili

- **image**: Bidzina Ivanishvili Senate of Poland.JPG
- **office**: 10th Prime Minister of Georgia
- **president**: Mikheil Saakashvili
Giorgi Margvelashvili
- **term start**: 25 October 2012
- **term end**: 20 November 2013
- **predecessor**: Vano Merabishvili
- **successor**: Irakli Garibashvili
- **birth place**: Chorvila, Soviet Union

- **party**: Georgian Dream
- **spouse**: Ekaterine Khvedelidze
- **children**: Uta
Bera (rapper), Bera
Gvantsa
Tsotne
- **alma mater**: Tbilisi State University
Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, Moscow State University of
Railway Engineering
- **signature**: Ivanishvili signature (new).png
Irakli Garibashvili

**Irakli Garibashvili** (, also transliterated as **Gharibashvili**) (born June 28, 1982) is a Georgian politician and former business executive. He became Prime Minister of Georgia on 20 November 2013. He resigned as prime minister on 23 December 2015. He became prime minister again in 2021. On January 29, 2024, he announced his resignation and announced that he would become leader of the ruling Georgian Dream party.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Irakli Garibashvili
- **image**: Irakli Garibashvili Government Meeting (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Garibashvili in 2023
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **office2**: 11th and 15th Prime Minister of Georgia
- **president2**: Salome Zourabichvili
- **deputy2**: Thea Tsulukiani
 Levan Davitashvili
- **term start2**: 22 February 2021
- **term end2**: 29 January 2024
- **predecessor2**: Giorgi Gakharia
- **successor2**: Irakli Kobakhidze
- **president3**: Giorgi Margvelashvili
- **deputy3**: Giorgi Kvirikashvili
 Kakha Kaladze
- **term start3**: 20 November 2013
- **term end3**: 30 December 2015
- **predecessor3**: Bidzina Ivanishvili
- **successor3**: Giorgi Kvirikashvili
- **office4**: Minister of Defence of Georgia, Minister of Defence
- **primeminister4**: Giorgi Gakharia
- **term start4**: 8 September 2019
- **term end4**: 22 February 2021
- **predecessor4**: Levan Izoria
- **successor4**: Juansher Burchuladze
- **office6**: Political Secretary of Georgian Dream
- **term start6**: 5 March 2019
- **term end6**: 1 February 2024
- **predecessor6**: Gia Volski
- **successor6**: Irakli Kobakhidze
- **office**: Chairman of Georgian Dream
- **term start**: 1 February 2024
- **term end**: 25 April 2025
- **predecessor**: Irakli Kobakhidze
- **term start1**: 15 November 2013
- **term end1**: 30 December 2015
- **predecessor1**: Bidzina Ivanishvili
- **successor1**: Giorgi Kvirikashvili
- **office5**: Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia, Minister of Internal Affairs
- **primeminister5**: Bidzina Ivanishvili
- **term start5**: 25 October 2012
- **term end5**: 17 November 2013
- **predecessor5**: Ekaterine Zguladze
- **successor5**: Aleksandre Chikaidze
- **birth place**: Tbilisi, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union
- **spouse**: Nunuka Tamazashvili
- **children**: Nikoloz
Andria
Gabriel
Nino
- **party**: Georgian Dream <small>(2012–2015, 2019–present)</small>
- **alma mater**: Tbilisi State University
Pantheon-Sorbonne University
- **signature**: Gharibashvili signature.svg
- **native name lang**: ge
Giorgi Margvelashvili

**Giorgi Margvelashvili** (; born 4 September 1969) is a Georgian educator and politician. He served as President of Georgia from 17 November 2013 to 16 December 2018.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Giorgi Margvelashvili
- **image**: Prasidenten Margvelashvili (cropped).jpg
- **signature**: Margvelashvili Signature.svg
- **office**: 4th President of Georgia
- **primeminister**: Bidzina Ivanishvili
Irakli Garibashvili
- **term start**: 17 November 2013
- **term end**: 16 December 2018
- **predecessor**: Mikheil Saakashvili
- **successor**: Salome Zurabishvili
- **office1**: Ministry of Education and Science (Georgia), Minister of Education and Science
- **primeminister1**: Bidzina Ivanishvili
- **term start1**: 25 October 2012
- **term end1**: 18 July 2013
- **predecessor1**: Khatia Dekanoidze
- **successor1**: Tamar Sanikidze
- **birth place**: Tbilisi, Georgian SSR

- **party**: Georgian Dream
- **alma mater**: Tbilisi State University
Central European University
Georgian National Academy of Sciences
John Mahama

**John Dramani Mahama** (; born 29 November 1958) is a Ghanaian politician who has been the President of Ghana since 2025. He was president before from 2012 to 2017. He succeeded John Atta Mills after his sudden death.

In 2020, Mahama unsuccessfully ran for president again but lost to incumbent president Nana Akufo-Addo. He ran for president again in 2024, winning the election against Vice President Mahamudu Bawumia.

## Early Life

John Mahama was born on November 29, 1958. He comes from the Gonja ethnic group in Ghana's Savanna Region. His hometown is Bole in the Savanna Region.

Mahama's father was a rich farmer and teacher. He was also a very important person in Ghana's government.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Mahama
- **image**: John Dramani Mahama Aug2014 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Mahama in 2014
- **office**: President of Ghana, 4th and 6th President of Ghana
- **vicepresident**: Jane Naana Opoku-Agyemang
- **term start**: 7 January 2025
- **predecessor**: Nana Akufo-Addo
- **vicepresident1**: Kwesi Amissah-Arthur
- **term start1**: 24 July 2012
- **term end1**: 7 January 2017
- **predecessor1**: John Atta Mills
- **successor1**: Nana Akufo-Addo
- **office2**: Chair of the Economic Community of West African States
- **term start2**: 17 February 2013
- **term end2**: 19 May 2015
- **predecessor2**: Alassane Ouattara
- **successor2**: Macky Sall
- **office3**: Vice-President of Ghana, Vice President of Ghana
- **president3**: John Atta Mills
- **term start3**: 7 January 2009
- **term end3**: 24 July 2012
- **predecessor3**: Aliu Mahama
- **successor3**: Kwesi Amissah-Arthur
- **office4**: Minister for Communications (Ghana), Minister for Communications
- **president4**: Jerry John Rawlings
- **term start4**: November 1998
- **term end4**: January 2001
- **predecessor4**: Ekwow Spio-Garbrah
- **successor4**: Felix Owusu-Adjapong
- **office5**: Minister for Communications (Ghana), Deputy Minister for Communications
- **president5**: Jerry John Rawlings
- **term start5**: April 1997
- **term end5**: November 1998
- **office6**: Member of Parliament
for Bole (Ghana parliament constituency), Bole
- **term start6**: 7 January 1997
- **term end6**: 7 January 2009
- **predecessor6**: Mahama Jeduah
- **successor6**: Joseph Akati Saaka
- **birth place**: Damongo, Dominion of Ghana, Ghana
- **party**: National Democratic Congress (Ghana), National Democratic Congress
- **spouse**: Lordina Mahama, Lordina Effah
- **education**: University of Ghana
Moscow Institute of Social Sciences
John Atta Mills

**John Evans Fiifi Atta Mills** (21 July 1944 – 24 July 2012) was a Ghanaian politician, a lawyer, a legal scholar, a tax expert and a sports administrator. He became President of Ghana after he was elected in 2009. He died on 24 July 2012 from throat cancer.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Atta Mills
- **image**: John Atta-Mills election poster.jpg
- **caption**: John Evans Atta Mills
- **order**: President of Ghana
<small>(3rd President of the 4th Republic)</small>
- **vicepresident**: John Dramani Mahama
- **term start**: 7 January 2009
- **term end**: 24 July 2012
- **predecessor**: John Agyekum Kufuor
- **successor**: John Dramani Mahama
- **office1**: 3rd Vice-President of Ghana
<small>(2nd Vice-President of the 4th Republic)</small>
- **president1**: Jerry John Rawlings
- **term start1**: 7 January 1997
- **term end1**: 7 January 2001
- **predecessor1**: Kow Nkensen Arkaah
- **successor1**: Aliu Mahama
- **birth name**: John Evans Fiifi Atta Mills
- **birth place**: Tarkwa, Ghana, Tarkwa, Gold Coast (British colony), Gold Coast
<small>(now Ghana)</small>
- **death place**: Accra, Ghana
- **restingplace**: Asomdwee Park, Accra, Ghana
- **party**: National Democratic Congress (Ghana), National Democratic Congress
- **blank1**: Notable Awards
- **spouse**: Ernestina Naadu Mills
- **children**: Sam Kofi Atta Mills
- **occupation**: Law Professor
- **blank2**: Positions
- **data2**: National Tax Commissioner, Internal Revenue Service (Ghana) (1988–1996)
Karolos Papoulias

**Karolos Papoulias** (, 4 June 1929 – 26 December 2021) was a Greek politician. He was the 6th President of Greece from 2005 to 2015. He was the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1985 to 1989 and from 1993 to 1996.

Papoulias died on 26 December 2021 in Athens at the age of 92.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Karolos Papoulias
- **honorific suffix**: Order of the Elephant, OE Grand Order of King Tomislav, GOKT Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, OMIR Order of the Seraphim, OS Order of the White Eagle (Poland), OWE
- **image**: Karolos Papoulias.jpg
- **caption**: Papoulias in 2009
- **office**: 6th President of Greece
- **primeminister**: Kostas Karamanlis
George Papandreou
Lucas Papademos
Panagiotis Pikrammenos
Antonis Samaras
Alexis Tsipras
- **term start**: 12 March 2005
- **term end**: 13 March 2015
- **predecessor**: Konstantinos Stephanopoulos
- **successor**: Prokopis Pavlopoulos
- **office1**: Minister for Foreign Affairs (Greece), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **primeminister1**: Andreas Papandreou
- **term start1**: 13 October 1993
- **term end1**: 22 January 1996
- **predecessor1**: Michalis Papakonstantinou
- **successor1**: Theodoros Pangalos (politician), Theodoros Pangalos
- **primeminister2**: Andreas Papandreou
- **term start2**: 26 July 1985
- **term end2**: 2 July 1989
- **predecessor2**: Ioannis Charalambopoulos
- **successor2**: Tzannis Tzannetakis
- **birth place**: Ioannina, Second Hellenic Republic, Greece
- **death place**: Athens, Greece
- **party**: Panhellenic Socialist Movement
- **spouse**: Mary Panou
- **children**: Fani
Vicky
Anna
- **alma mater**: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University of Athens
University of Milan
University of Cologne
- **signature**: Karolos Papoulias Signature.svg
George Papandreou

**Georgios A. Papandreou** ( born 16 June 1952) is a Greek politician.  He became Prime Minister of Greece from October 2009.  His term ended in November 2011.

His father Andreas was Prime Minister in the 1980s and again in the middle 1990s.  His grandfather Georgios was also Prime Minister of Greece in the middle 20th century.

## Other websites

- primeminister.gov.gr, official prime minister website (in Greek; English option on homepage)
- _George Papandreou: Imagine a European democracy without borders_ June 2013 TED Talk

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: George Papandreou
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of Parliament, MP
- **image**: Papandreou handover cropped.jpg
- **office**: Socialist International#Presidents, honorary presidents and secretaries general, President of Socialist International
- **term start**: 30 January 2006
- **term end**: 25 November 2022
- **predecessor**: António Guterres
- **successor**: Pedro Sánchez
- **office1**: Prime Minister of Greece
- **president1**: Karolos Papoulias
- **deputy1**: Theodoros Pangalos
- **term start1**: 6 October 2009
- **term end1**: 11 November 2011
- **predecessor1**: Kostas Karamanlis
- **successor1**: Lucas Papademos
- **office2**: Leader of the Opposition (Greece), Leader of the Opposition
- **term start2**: 10 March 2004
- **term end2**: 6 October 2009
- **predecessor2**: Kostas Karamanlis
- **successor2**: Antonis Samaras
- **office3**: Minister for Foreign Affairs (Greece), Minister for Foreign Affairs
- **term start3**: 6 October 2009
- **term end3**: 7 September 2010
- **predecessor3**: Dora Bakoyannis
- **successor3**: Dimitrios Droutsas
- **primeminister4**: Kostas Simitis
- **term start4**: 18 February 1999
- **term end4**: 13 February 2004
- **predecessor4**: Theodoros Pangalos
- **successor4**: Tassos Yiannitsis
- **office5**: Ministry of Education, Lifelong Learning and Religious Affairs (Greece), Minister for National Education and Religious Affairs
- **primeminister5**: Andreas Papandreou
- **term start5**: 8 July 1994
- **term end5**: 25 September 1996
- **predecessor5**: Dimitrios Fatouros
- **successor5**: Gerasimos Arsenis
- **primeminister6**: Andreas Papandreou
- **term start6**: 22 June 1988
- **term end6**: 2 July 1989
- **predecessor6**: Apostolos Kaklamanis
- **successor6**: Vasileios Kontogiannopoulos
- **office7**: President of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement
- **term start7**: 8 February 2004
- **term end7**: 18 March 2012
- **predecessor7**: Costas Simitis
- **successor7**: Evangelos Venizelos
- **constituency mp8**: Achaea (Hellenic Parliament constituency), Achaea
- **term start8**: 17 May 2012
- **birth name**: Georgios Andreas Papandreou Jr.
- **birth place**: Saint Paul, Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.
- **party**: Panhellenic Socialist Movement
- **spouse**: Ada Papapanou
- **children**: Andreas
Margarita-Elena
- **alma mater**: Amherst College
London School of Economics
- **website**: [http://www.papandreou.gr/ Official website]
- **caption**: Papandreou in 2011
Antonis Samaras

**Antonis Samaras** (; born 23 May 1951) is a Greek politician. He became Prime Minister of Greece and Leader of New Democracy. He last served as the Minister of Finance in 1989, then Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1989 to 1990, and again from 1990 to 1992. His term as prime minister ended on 26 January 2015 when he was succeeded by Alexis Tsipras.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Antonis Samaras
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of Parliament, MP
- **image**: Antonis Samaras October 2014.jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of Greece
- **president**: Karolos Papoulias
- **term start**: 20 June 2012
- **term end**: 26 January 2015
- **deputy**: Evangelos Venizelos
- **predecessor**: Panagiotis Pikrammenos
- **successor**: Alexis Tsipras
- **office1**: Leader of the Opposition (Greece), Leader of the Opposition
- **primeminister1**: George Papandreou
- **term start1**: 30 November 2009
- **term end1**: 20 June 2012
- **predecessor1**: George Papandreou
- **successor1**: Alexis Tsipras
- **office2**: Party leader, Leader of New Democracy (Greece), New Democracy
- **term start2**: 30 November 2009
- **term end2**: 5 July 2015
- **deputy2**: Dimitris Avramopoulos
- **predecessor2**: Konstantinos Karamanlis
- **office3**: Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Greece), Minister of Culture and Sport
- **primeminister3**: Kostas Karamanlis
- **term start3**: 8 January 2009
- **term end3**: 6 October 2009
- **predecessor3**: Michalis Liapis
- **successor3**: Pavlos Geroulanos
- **office4**: Minister for Foreign Affairs (Greece), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **primeminister4**: Konstantinos Mitsotakis
- **term start4**: 11 April 1990
- **term end4**: 13 April 1992
- **predecessor4**: Georgios Papoulias
- **successor4**: Konstantinos Mitsotakis
- **primeminister5**: Xenophon Zolotas
- **term start5**: 23 November 1989
- **term end5**: 16 February 1990
- **predecessor5**: Georgios Papoulias
- **successor5**: Georgios Papoulias
- **office6**: Ministry of Finance (Greece), Minister of Finance
- **primeminister6**: Tzannis Tzannetakis
- **term start6**: 2 July 1989
- **term end6**: 12 October 1989
- **predecessor6**: Dimitris Tsovolas
- **successor6**: Georgios Agapitos
- **constituency mp7**: Messenia (Hellenic Parliament constituency), Messenia
- **term start7**: 16 September 2007
- **majority7**: 44,954 (41.6%)
- **constituency mp8**: Messenia (Hellenic Parliament constituency), Messenia
- **term start8**: 1977
- **term end8**: 1996
- **birth place**: Athens, Kingdom of Greece, Greece
- **residence**: Maximos Mansion, Athens
- **party**: New Democracy (Greece), New Democracy (1977-1992, 2004-present)
Political Spring (1992-2004)
- **spouse**: Georgia Kretikos
- **children**: Lena
Costas
- **alma mater**: Amherst College
Harvard University
- **website**: [http://www.antonis-samaras.gr/ Official website]
- **caption**: Samaras in 2014
Carlyle Glean

**Sir Carlyle Arnold Glean**, GCMG (11 February 1932 – 21 December 2021) was a Grenadian politician. He became Governor-General of Grenada on 27 November 2008 until 7 May 2013.

Glean died on 21 December 2021, at the age of 89.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Sir Carlyle Glean
- **image**: SirCarlyleGlean.jpg
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG
- **office**: List of Governors-General of Grenada, Governor General of Grenada
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **primeminister**: Tillman Thomas
Keith Mitchell
- **term start**: 27 November 2008
- **term end**: 7 May 2013
- **predecessor**: Daniel Williams (Governor-General), Daniel Williams
- **successor**: Cécile La Grenade
- **birthname**: Carlyle Arnold Glean
- **birth place**: Gouyave, British Windward Islands
- **alma mater**: University of Calgary
University of East Anglia
Cécile La Grenade

**Dame Cécile Ellen Fleurette La Grenade**, GCMG, OBE, PhD (born 30 December 1952) is a Grenadian food scientist and politician. She became Governor-General of Grenada in May 2013. La Grenade was sworn-in as Governor-General of Grenada on 7 May 2013 as the nation's first female Governor-General.

## Other websites

- Grenada Names First Female Governor General, Cecile La Grenade
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, Her Excellency
- **name**: Dame Cécile La Grenade
- **image**: Cecile La Grenade 2022-07-01.jpg
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG Order of the British Empire, OBE
- **office**: List of Governors-General of Grenada, Governor General of Grenada
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
Charles III
- **primeminister**: Keith Mitchell
Dickon Mitchell
- **term start**: 7 May 2013
- **predecessor**: Carlyle Glean
- **birthname**: Cécile Ellen Fleurette La Grenade
- **birth place**: Saint George Parish, Grenada, La Borie, British Windward Islands
- **alma mater**: University of the West Indies
University of Maryland College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park
Keith Mitchell

**Keith Claudius Mitchell** (born 12 November 1946) is a Grenadian politician. He became Prime Minister of Grenada in February 2013. He also served as Prime Minister from 1995 to 2008. He was the longest serving Prime Minister Grenada has ever had, holding the office for just over 13 years. He lost re-election in 2022 to Dickon Mitchell.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **honorific-suffix**: Member of Parliament, MP
- **name**: Keith Mitchell
- **image**: Keith Mitchell.jpg
- **caption**: Mitchell in 2018
- **office**: Prime Minister of Grenada
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **governor general**: Carlyle Glean
Cécile La Grenade
- **term start**: 20 February 2013
- **term end**: 24 June 2022
- **predecessor**: Tillman Thomas
- **successor**: Dickon Mitchell
- **monarch1**: Elizabeth II
- **governor general1**: Reginald Palmer
Daniel Williams (Governor-General), Daniel Williams
- **term start1**: 22 June 1995
- **term end1**: 9 July 2008
- **predecessor1**: George Brizan
- **successor1**: Tillman Thomas
- **office2**: New National Party (Grenada)#List of leaders of the New National Party, Leader of the New National Party
- **term start2**: 18 January 1989
- **predecessor2**: Herbert Blaize
- **office3**: Leader of the Opposition
- **monarch3**: Elizabeth II
- **primeminister3**: Tillman Thomas
- **term start3**: 9 July 2008
- **term end3**: 20 February 2013
- **predecessor3**: Tillman Thomas
- **successor3**: _Vacant_
- **office4**: Member of Parliament
for St. George North West
- **term start4**: 3 December 1984
- **predecessor4**: George Hosten
- **majority4**: 2,500 (71.61%)
- **birthname**: Keith Claudius Mitchell
- **birth place**: Saint George Parish, Grenada, Brizan, British Windward Islands
- **party**: New National Party (Grenada), New National Party
- **spouse**: Marietta Mitchell
- **children**: Olinga Mitchell
- **alma mater**: University of the West Indies
Howard University
American University
Presentation Brothers/Bulling College (Grenada), Presentation Brothers' College
Tillman Thomas

**Tillman Joseph Thomas** (born June 13, 1945) is a Grenadian politician. He became Prime Minister of Grenada from 2008 to 2013. He has been the leader of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) since 2000.

## Other websites

- http://www.gov.gd/ - Official site

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Tillman Thomas
- **image**: Tillman Thomas.jpg
- **office**: List of heads of government of Grenada, Prime Minister of Grenada
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **governor general**: Daniel Williams (Governor-General), Daniel Williams
Carlyle Glean
- **term start**: 9 July 2008
- **term end**: 20 February 2013
- **predecessor**: Keith Mitchell
- **successor**: Keith Mitchell
- **birth place**: Saint Patrick Parish, Grenada, Hermitage, Grenada
- **party**: National Democratic Congress (Grenada), National Democratic Congress
- **spouse**: Sandra Thomas
Alpha Condé

**Alpha Condé** (born 4 March 1938) is a Guinean politician. He became the President of Guinea. He began his term as President in 2010. The president before him was Sékouba Konaté. The news reported he may have been bribed by a mining company.

Condé was arrested and removed from power on 5 September 2021 by members of the Republic of Guinea Armed Forces.

On December 9, 2022, the US Treasury published a list of more than forty personalities targeted by sanctions for acts of corruption and human rights violations. Among the targets of the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), the financial control body of the Treasury Department is Alpha Condé.https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1399538/politique/mali-guinee-alpha-conde-et-karim-keita-sous-sanctions-des-etats-unis/.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alpha Condé
- **image**: His Excellency President Alpha Condé of Guinea, speaking at the UK-Africa Investment Summit in London, 20 January 2020 20200120120724ZJW 4283 (49418933596) (cropped).jpg
- **office**: President of Guinea
- **primeminister**: Jean-Marie Doré
Mohamed Said Fofana
Mamady Youla
Ibrahima Kassory Fofana
- **term start**: 21 December 2010
- **term end**: 5 September 2021
- **predecessor**: Sékouba Konaté <small>(Acting)</small>
- **successor**: Mamady Doumbouya <small>(Interim)</small>
- **spouse**: Djene Kaba Condé
- **birth place**: Boké, French Guinea
<small>(now Guinea)</small>
- **party**: Rally of the Guinean People
- **alma mater**: Pantheon-Sorbonne University
Mohamed Said Fofana

**Mohamed Said Fofana** (born 1952) is a Guinean politician. He was the Prime Minister of Guinea from 2010 to 2015. He began his term as Prime Minister in 2010. His predecessor was Jean-Marie Doré.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mohamed Said Fofana
- **office**: List of heads of government of Guinea, Prime Minister of Guinea
- **president**: Alpha Condé
- **term start**: 24 December 2010
- **term end**: 29 December 2015
- **predecessor**: Jean-Marie Doré
- **successor**: Mamady Youla
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo

**Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo** (25 March 1958 – 17 March 2020) was a Guinea-Bissauan politician. He was the acting President of Guinea-Bissau from May 2012 to June 2014. His predecessor was Mamadu Ture Kuruma.

Nhamadjo died on 17 March 2020 in Lisbon, Portugal at the age of 61.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **office**: List of heads of state of Guinea-Bissau, President of Guinea-Bissau
<small>Acting</small>
- **primeminister**: Rui Duarte de Barros <small>(Acting)</small>
- **term start**: 11 May 2012
- **term end**: 23 June 2014
- **predecessor**: Mamadu Ture Kuruma <small>(Chairman of the Military Command)</small>
- **successor**: José Mário Vaz
- **office1**: List of Presidents of the National People's Assembly of Guinea-Bissau, President of the National People's Assembly
<small>Acting</small>
- **term start1**: 9 January 2012
- **term end1**: 12 April 2012
- **predecessor1**: Raimundo Pereira
- **successor1**: _Vacant_
- **term start2**: 3 March 2009
- **term end2**: 8 September 2009
- **predecessor2**: Raimundo Pereira
- **successor2**: Raimundo Pereira
- **death place**: Lisbon, Portugal
- **party**: African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde <small>(Before 2012)</small>
Independent (politician), Independent <small>(2012–2020)</small>
Rui Duarte de Barros

**Rui Duarte de Barros** is a Guinea-Bissauan politician. He was Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau since December 2023. He was previously acting Prime Minister from May 2012 to July 2014.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rui Duarte de Barros
- **office**: List of heads of government of Guinea-Bissau, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau
- **president**: Umaro Sissoco Embaló
- **term start**: 21 December 2023
- **predecessor**: Geraldo Martins
- **president1**: Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo <small>(Acting)</small>
José Mário Vaz
- **term start1**: 16 May 2012
- **term end1**: 3 July 2014
- **predecessor1**: Adiato Djaló Nandigna <small>(Acting)</small>
- **successor1**: Domingos Simoes Pereira
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
Donald Ramotar

**Donald Rabindranauth Ramotar** (born 22 October 1950) is a Guyanese politician of the People's Progressive Party.

He was President of Guyana from 2011 to 2015. His predecessor was Bharrat Jagdeo.
Sam Hinds

**Samuel Archibald Anthony "Sam" Hinds** (born 27 December 1943) is a Guyanan politician. He was several times Prime Minister of Guyana. Last time from 1999 to 2015. He was also briefly President of Guyana, in 1997.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Samuel Archibald Anthony Hinds
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of Excellence of Guyana, OE
- **image**: Sam Hinds 2006.jpg
- **office**: List of Prime Ministers of Guyana, Prime Minister of Guyana
- **president**: Bharrat Jagdeo
Donald Ramotar
- **term start**: 11 August 1999
- **term end**: 20 May 2015
- **predecessor**: Bharrat Jagdeo
- **successor**: Moses Nagamootoo
- **president2**: Janet Jagan
- **term start2**: 19 December 1997
- **term end2**: 9 August 1999
- **predecessor2**: Janet Jagan
- **successor2**: Bharrat Jagdeo
- **president3**: Cheddi Jagan
- **term start3**: 9 October 1992
- **term end3**: 6 March 1997
- **predecessor3**: Hamilton Green
- **successor3**: Janet Jagan
- **office4**: List of Presidents of Guyana, 5th President of Guyana
- **primeminister4**: Janet Jagan
- **term start4**: 6 March 1997
- **term end4**: 19 December 1997
- **predecessor4**: Cheddi Jagan
- **successor4**: Janet Jagan
- **birth place**: Mahaicony, British Guiana
<small>(now Guyana)</small>
- **party**: People's Progressive Party (Guyana), People's Progressive Party
- **spouse**: Yvonne Hinds
- **alma mater**: University of New Brunswick
Michel Martelly

**Michel Joseph Martelly** (born 12 January 1961) is a Haitian politician, former musician, and businessman. He became the  President of Haiti in May 2011. His predecessor was René Préval. His stage name was **Sweet Mickey**. He resigned on 10 February 2016.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Michel Martelly
- **image**: Michel Martelly on April 20, 2011.jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Haiti, 56th President of Haiti
- **primeminister**: Jean-Max Bellerive
Garry Conille
Laurent Lamothe
- **term start**: 14 May 2011
- **term end**: 7 February 2016
- **predecessor**: René Préval
- **successor**: Jocelerme Privert (acting)
- **birth place**: Port-au-Prince, Haiti
- **party**: Farmers' Response Party
- **spouse**: Sophia Saint-Rémy
- **children**: 4
Laurent Lamothe

**Laurent Lamothe** (born 14 August 1972) is a Haitian politician and businessman. He was the Prime minister of Haiti from 16 May 2012 to 14 December 2014.
Porfirio Lobo Sosa

**Porfirio Lobo Sosa** (born 22 January 1947) also known by his nickname, **Pepe Lobo**, is a former Honduran politician. He was President of Honduras from 2010 to 2014.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Porfirio Lobo Sosa
- **image**: Pepe Lobo 2010-01-27.jpg
- **caption**: Lobo Sosa in 2010
- **office**: 54th President of Honduras
- **vicepresident**: María Antonieta de Bográn
- **term start**: 27 January 2010
- **term end**: 27 January 2014
- **predecessor**: Roberto Micheletti
- **successor**: Juan Orlando Hernández
- **office1**: President of the National Congress of Honduras, President of the National Congress
- **term start1**: 25 January 2002
- **term end1**: 25 January 2006
- **predecessor1**: Rafael Pineda Ponce
- **successor1**: Roberto Micheletti
- **birth place**: Trujillo, Colón, Trujillo, Honduras
- **spouse**: Rosa Elena
- **party**: National Party of Honduras, National Party
- **alma mater**: University of Miami (Bachelor of Business Administration, BBA)
János Áder

**János Áder** (born 9 May 1959) is a Hungarian politician. He became the President of Hungary in May 2012. He left office in May 2022.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: János Áder
- **image**: Ader Janos.jpg
- **office**: List of heads of state of Hungary, 5th President of Hungary
- **primeminister**: Viktor Orbán
- **term start**: 10 May 2012
- **term end**: 10 May 2022
- **predecessor**: László Kövér
- **successor**: Katalin Novák
- **office1**: List of Speakers of the National Assembly of Hungary, Speaker of the National Assembly
- **term start1**: 18 June 1998
- **term end1**: 15 May 2002
- **predecessor1**: Zoltán Gál
- **successor1**: Katalin Szili
- **birth place**: Csorna, People's Republic of Hungary, Hungary
- **party**: Fidesz
- **alma mater**: Eötvös Loránd University
- **spouse**: Anita Herczegh
Yutu (rover)

The **Yutu** or **Jade Rabbit** is a Chinese six wheeled rover vehicle built to travel on the Moon. It landed on the Moon in December 2013, and made its first trip on 14 December 2013. It weighs 120 kg and can travel at a speed of 200 metres per hour. It stopped moving after 42 days and stopped communicating after two years.

The Chinese landing on the Moon was the first soft landing since 1976. It is part of China's Chang'e-3 space program which uses the Long March 3B rocket. The Jade Rabbit carries a range of scientific equipment including a radar system which will be able to examine the ground beneath the surface.

The vehicle's name was picked on an online poll in China. The Jade Rabbit comes from an old Chinese mythology story about the lunar goddess Chang'e, who had a pet rabbit.
Obdurodon tharalkooschild

***Obdurodon tharalkooschild*** is an extinct species of platypus in the genus _Obdurodon_. Only one single tooth has been found. This was at the Miocene fossil beds in Riversleigh in Queensland, Australia.

The tooth was discovered in 2012 by a team from the University of New South Wales including Mike Archer, Suzanne Hand, and Rebecca Pian.

The species lived during in the middle and upper Miocene about 5–15 million years ago.  Wear on the tooth shows that it probably crushed hard shells such as those of turtles. Because of this, scientists believe that  _O. tharalkooschild_ was carnivorous. They also believe that it was twice the size of the modern platypus at one metre long. Its name was chosen in honour of an indigenous Australian creation story for the platypus, where a duck named Tharalkoo gives birth to a strange and fantastic creature after being ravished by a water-rat.

## References

4.https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/131104-giant-platypus-evolution-science-animals-paleontology
Power system protection

**Power system protection** is part of an electric power system. It protects an electrical network from faults by isolating the faulted parts from the healthy parts. This keeps the power system working as much as possible.

## Protective devices

- Instrument transformer
- Relay
- Circuit breaker
Taipei Songshan Airport

The **Taipei Songshan Airport** () is an airport for commercial and military use in Taipei, Taiwan.

For the commercial part, the name of the airport is **Taipei International Airport** (). For the military part, the name is **Songshan Air Force Base** ().
IEC 61850

The **IEC 61850** is a technical standard in the design of the automation of electrical substations. The standard specifies several protocols.
Current transformer

A **current transformer** (**CT**) is a transformer used to measure alternating current. CT is a part of **instrument transformer**. CT is used to measure current in a circuit when the current magnitude is too high to be measured safely. It is commonly used in power metering and power system protection.
Production line

A **production line** is a sequence of tasks (or operations) done in a factory. The tasks process materials to make a useful product. An example is an assembly line, used in manufacturing.

## History

Production lines were introduced with the development of the steam engine. It depended less on the power source.
Distribution board

A **distribution board** is a component of an electrical system. It separates the power supply into several circuits in an enclosure. It provides each circuit with its protection system by using a fuse or circuit breaker.
Electrical enclosure

An **electrical enclosure** is a cabinet used to hold electrical equipment. It keeps the equipment safely separated from people to prevent electrical shock.

## Materials

Materials used for electrical enclosure are usually made from strong plastic or metal.
Partial discharge

A **partial discharge** (**PD**) is an electric discharge that breaks through a small portion of the insulation between two conductors. A discharge is when electrical charge that has accumulated is suddenly released (like a spark). A partial discharge does not completely cross the insulation between the two conductors, only a small portion of it in one area. It may happen under the stress of high voltage. It is caused by a small opening (void) inside the insulating material. The insulating material can be either solid or fluid. The charge passing through this insulation is called electrical breakdown.
TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2013)

**TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2013)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on December 15, 2013 at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. It was the fifth TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs event held by the WWE.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**#**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Matches**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|TLC Kickoff (Pre-Show)|Fandango (with Summer Rae) defeated Dolph Ziggler|Singles match|4:21|||||
|1|CM Punk defeated The Shield (Dean Ambrose, Seth Rollins and Roman Reigns)|3-on-1 Handicap match|13:42|||||
|2|AJ Lee (c) (with Tamina Snuka) defeated Natalya|Singles match for the WWE Divas Championship|6:35|||||
|3|Big E Langston (c) defeated Damien Sandow|Singles match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship|6:28|||||
|4|Cody Rhodes and Goldust (c) defeated Ryback and Curtis Axel, Big Show and Rey Mysterio and The Real Americans (Jack Swagger and Antonio Cesaro)|Fatal Four Way tag team elimination match for the WWE Tag Team Championship|21:05|||||
|5|R-Truth (with Xavier Woods) defeated Brodus Clay (with The Funkadactyls (Cameron and Naomi) and Tensai)|Singles match|6:02|||||
|6|Kofi Kingston defeated The Miz|No Disqualification match|8:02|||||
|7|The Wyatt Family (Bray Wyatt, Luke Harper and Erick Rowan) defeated Daniel Bryan|3-on-1 Handicap match|12:24|||||
|8|Randy Orton (c – WWE) defeated John Cena (c – World)|Tables, Ladders and Chairs match to unify both the WWE and World Heavyweight Championships. The new championship was named the _WWE World Heavyweight Championship_.|24:36|||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match|||||||

## Other websites

- Official TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs 2013 website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2013)
- **tagline**: "It's NOT Tender Loving Care...It's Tables, Ladders and Chairs."
- **promotion**: WWE
- **date**: December 15, 2013
- **venue**: Toyota Center
- **city**: Houston, Texas
- **lastevent**: Survivor Series (2013)
- **nextevent**: Royal Rumble (2014)
- **event**: WWE TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs, TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs
- **lastevent2**: TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2012)
- **nextevent2**: TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2014)
Tim Waterstone

**Sir Timothy John Stuart "Tim" Waterstone** (born 30 May 1939 in Glasgow, Scotland) is the founder of Waterstones. Waterstones sells books in 288 stores and on the Waterstones website. There are Waterstones shops in the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Belgium and Ireland.

## Career

In 1973, Waterstone started working at W.H. Smith. He was fired in 1981. He started Waterstone's in 1982. The name was later changed to Waterstones.
Decomposition

**Decomposition**, or **rotting**, is what happens to living things when they die. It also happens to organic material of any kind, such as foodstuffs. The reason it happens is that organic molecules are stores of building blocks and energy. Whatever breaks down organic material uses the energy and building blocks to reproduce itself.

One whole kingdom of living things does nothing except break down organic material: the fungi. Their life style is called 'saprophytic', because they break down and intake organic matter through their cell walls.

A large part of decomposition is done by microbes, especially bacteria. Also common is digestion of flesh by maggots. If insects lay eggs, maggots hatch and begin to feed on the body's tissues.

Lastly, decomposition can take place by inorganic processes. All organic materials break down over time because they are in higher energy states than ordinary inorganic materials.
|**Proteins**|**Carbohydrates**|**Lipids**|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Proteoses, peptones, polypeptides, and amino acids|Glucose|Free fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated)|
|Phenolic substances and gases|Organic acids and alcohols|Salts of fatty acids|
|Organic acids and decarboxylation products|Water, carbon dioxide|Aldehydes and ketones|
|Nitrogen and phosphorus|Gases|Adipocere|
Tokyo DisneySea

**Tokyo DisneySea** is a theme park at Tokyo Disney Resort in Urayasu, Chiba, near Tokyo.

Tokyo DisneySea opened in 2001, and it was the second theme park opened at Tokyo Disney Resort, following Tokyo Disneyland which opened in 1983, following the near competition of WhiteWater World. Also, it is the ninth park of the Disney theme parks. Tokyo Disneysea is 176 acres (71.22ha) large, slightly bigger than Tokyo Disneyland. It is next to the sea. There is a large lake in the middle of the park. Tokyo DisneySea and Tokyo Disneyland are owned by The Oriental Land Company They are the only Disney parks in the world not owned by The Walt Disney Company.

## Concept

The concept of Tokyo DisneySea is different from other Disney parks. The Walt Disney Company had planned to build a new water-themed park in Long Beach, California. However, because of its financial crisis caused by Euro Disney project, the idea was passed on to The Oriental Land Company, which licenses Disney characters and themes from The Walt Disney Company. They decided to build DisneySea in Tokyo, where people hold the sea sacred. Tokyo DisneySea is more for adults, unlike Tokyo Disneyland which is more for kids. Both are family parks, but Tokyo DisneySea includes faster and scarier rides and facilities targeted to more mature people.

## Ports

Tokyo DisneySea is divided into seven themed ports. The seven ports have different themes related to Disney movies or originally created by Disney. Six ports are laid out roughly around the center, and the center area is one of the ports which is called Mysterious Island. Instead of Cinderella Castle that is the icon of most Disney parks, there is Mount Prometheus on the center of Mysterious Island which is the icon of Tokyo DisneySea. In the entrance plaza, there is a huge model of the earth with a water fountain. It is called the DisneySea AquaSphere and it is the symbol of Tokyo DisneySea.
- Lost River Delta
- Port Discovery
- Mysterious Island
- Mermaid Lagoon
- Arabian Coast
- Mediterranean Harbor
- American Waterfront

## Attractions

- Indiana Jones
- StormRider
- Journey to the Center of the Earth
- Mermaid Lagoon Theater
- Caravan Carousel
- Venetian Gondolas
- Tower of Terror

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Tokyo DisneySea
- **logo**: Tokyo DisneySea logo.svg
- **logo size**: 200px
Pope Stephen VII

**Pope Stephen VII** (??? − 15 March 931) was pope of the Roman Catholic Church from February 929 until 15 March 931 when he died.

He was elected by Marozia from the Tusculani family, as a stop-gap measure until her own son John was ready. Before being elected, he was the cardinal-priest of St Anastasia in Rome.

He died on 15 March 931 in Rome and was succeeded by Pope John XI.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: Pope
- **name**: Stephen VII
- **image**: Pope Stephen VII (2).jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **birth name**: Stephanus de Gabrielli
- **term start**: February 929
- **term end**: 15 March 931
- **predecessor**: Pope Leo VI, Leo VI
- **successor**: Pope John XI, John XI
- **birth date**: ???
- **birth place**: Rome, Papal States
- **death date**: 15 March 931
- **death place**: Rome, Papal States
Korean Broadcasting System

The **Korean Broadcasting System** (**KBS**; ) is one of the biggest South Korean television networks. It was established in 1927. KBS headquarters are in the Yeouido district of Seoul.

The purposes of KBS can be divided into 3 parts.
1. Making good broadcasting culture
1. Creating national culture
1. Globalization of Korean culture

## History

KBS started the country's first radio broadcasting service in 1927 as Kyeongseong Broadcasting Corporation (JODK). After liberation, it changed the name to Seoul Central Broadcasting Station in 1947. It launched Korea's first television broadcasting service in 1961.

A system of public broadcasting was established in 1973.  For reinforcement of public management, 1TV and Radio1 have not run a commercial since October 1994. First broadcasting HD programs in 2001, KBS completely changed to digital broadcasting in 2012. There are 18 regional stations and 11 overseas branches. There are eight subsidiary companies such as KBSN, KBS Business and KBS Media, which manage KBS content.

KBS is run by public funds from the South Korean government.

### TV

- KBS 1TV - Airs current affairs, sports, documentary, news, culture and environment. Since 2012, this channel never goes off the air during the day.
- KBS 2TV - Airs drama, entertainment and programs for children. Comparing to 2TV, it has less regional self-programs.
- KBS WORLD - Airs KBS's famous programs in real time to other countries in the world with a international satellite.

### Radio

- KBS Radio 1 - News, current affairs, drama, documentary and culture. It also provides disaster broadcasting as the public broadcasting.
- KBS Radio 2 - Family entertainment.
- KBS Radio 3 - The station of social welfare for a neglected class of people and the disabled.
- KBS 1FM - Classical music and folk music. It also provide Korean traditional music.
- KBS 2FM - Popular music.
- KBS Hanminjok Radio - The station for the harmony and exchange between North Korea and South Korea.
- KBS World Radio - International broadcasting station. It introduces diverse aspects of Korea to enhance the global network.
Caffe Bene

**Caffe Bene** is a coffee franchise in South Korea. It was founded in May 2008. The founder and CEO of Caffe Bene is Kim Sun-kwon, who has Italian-themed restaurants named Black Smith and drug stores named "December 24" as well. The head office of Caffe Bene is in _Cheongdam-dong_, _Gangnam-gu_, Seoul. In 2009, Caffe Bene started to gain brand recognition by promoting through the soap opera celebrities such as _Han Ye-seul_, and _Choi Daniel_. The brand’s first-ever overseas store opened in New York in February, 2012, introducing drinks based on Korean traditional beverages such as the _misugaru_ latte, a drink made of mixed grain powder. In August, 2013, Caffe Bene grew to over one thousand stores.

Caffe Bene’s goal is to open 10,000 stores by 2020.

## Differentiated Policy

Caffe Bene is different from other stores. Inside the stores there is hardwood and a blue color. It tries to make a relaxed atmosphere in European style. It also has outlets for laptop computers at built-in chairs.

## Caffe Bene in Ulaanbaator

Caffe Bene opened a new store in Ulaanbaator, Mongolia on December 15, 2013. For this, Caffe Bene signed a franchise agreement with a local bakery enterprise named _Monbakery_. It is on the first floor of Max-mall in Ulaanbaator. It covers  and has 42 seats for customers.

In January, 2014, the second store is planned to open in Ulaanbaator.

## Expansion plans

Caffe Bene plans to open more shops in the United States and China. They have 87 stores in China and plan to have 1,000 by 2014. Caffe Bene is also in other Asian countries including Japan, Cambodia and the Philippines, and the Middle East. Caffe Bene recently signed a partnership with Saudi Arabia-based KEDEN Group to start shops in Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, United Arab Emirates and Bahrain.

Caffe Bene plans to open 100 shops in the region within five years.