juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Aldgate East tube station

**Aldgate East** is a London Underground station. It is between the districts of Aldgate and Whitechapel in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The station is in Travelcard Zone 1. It is on the Hammersmith & City Line between Liverpool Street and Whitechapel, and the District Line between Tower Hill and Whitechapel.

The west station now adjoins to Liverpool Street tube station and Tower Hill tube station and now passes through Aldgate tube station.

## Related pages

- List of London Underground stations

## Other websites

- London's Abandoned Tube Stations - Aldgate East

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Aldgate East
- **manager**: London Underground
- **symbol**: underground
- **owner**: Transport for London
- **locale**: Aldgate
- **borough**: London Borough of Tower Hamlets
- **platforms**: 2
- **fare zone**: 1
- **image name**: Platform (15234313935).jpg
- **map type**: Central London
- **label position**: left
- **years2**: 31 October 1938
- **events1**: Opened
- **events2**: resited
All Saints DLR station

**All Saints DLR station** is a station on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in East London. It is named after the neaby All Saints, Poplar, a church dating from 1821-3. The station entrance is on the East India Dock Road, opposite Chrisp Street Market.

## References

- Listed as All Saints LRT station

## Other websites

- Docklands Light Railway website - All Saints station page
- Map of Poplar, 1885.
- Photograph of the platform at All Saints

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: All Saints
- **image name**: All Saints building.JPG
- **manager**: Docklands Light Railway
- **fare zone**: 2
- **locale**: Poplar, London, Poplar
- **borough**: London Borough of Tower Hamlets, Tower Hamlets
- **platforms**: 2
Travelcard Zone 3

**Travelcard Zone 3** is the third-outward zone of Transport for London's zonal system used for calculating co-ordinated intermodal Travelcard fares within London. In the Travelcard zonal system, London is split into nine (approximately concentric) zones for the purpose of determining the cost of a Travelcard.  The zone is also used for pricing London Underground and Docklands Light Railway single journeys, but not journeys undertaken entirely by bus or tram, for which a city-wide flat fare applies.
Alperton tube station

**Alperton** is a London Underground station on the Uxbridge branch of the Piccadilly Line.  The station is between Sudbury Town and Park Royal. It is on Ealing Road (A4089 road) a short distance from the junction with Bridgewater Road (A4005) and is close to Alperton Bus Garage and the Paddington branch of the Grand Union Canal. The station is in Travelcard Zone 4.

## Services

The typical off-peak service is a train in each direction every ten minutes. Half of northbound trains terminate at Rayners Lane and the other half continue to the terminus of the line at Uxbridge.

## Other websites

- London's Transport Museum Photographic Archive
    - Showing structure of reinforced concrete roof
    - With appearance marred by rooftop safety barriers

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Alperton
- **image name**: Alperton tube station.jpg
- **caption**: Platforms at Alperton tube station
- **manager**: London Underground
- **fare zone**: 4
- **locale**: Alperton
- **borough**: London Borough of Brent
- **years1**: 1903
1932
- **events1**: Opened (MDR)
 Service changes from District Line to Piccadilly Line
- **platforms**: 2
- **tubeexits05**: 2.405
- **tubeexits07**: 3.006
Angel tube station

**Angel tube station** is a London Underground station in The Angel, Islington. It is on the Bank branch of the Northern line, between Old Street and King's Cross St. Pancras stations. It is in Travelcard Zone 1.

It is proposed that Crossrail 2 will call at Angel.

## Oher websites

- London's Transport Museum Photographic Archive

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Angel
- **image name**: Angel station entrance.JPG
- **manager**: London Underground
- **fare zone**: 1
- **locale**: The Angel, Islington
- **borough**: London Borough of Islington, Islington
- **platforms**: 2
- **tubeexits05**: 14.03
- **tubeexits07**: 16.626
Amersham station

**Amersham station** is a railway station serving Amersham in Buckinghamshire, in north-west London. It is in Travelcard Zone 9 (previously zone D).

Amerhsam Station is a terminus of the Metropolitan Line branch of the London Underground. It is situated 23.7 miles (38.1 km) north west of Charing Cross and is the second most westerly station on the whole London Underground system, after Chesham

Amersham Station is also served by Chiltern Railways, which runs trains between London Marylebone and Aylesbury. From Aylesbury a shuttle service to Princes Risborough provides access to mainline services between Marylebone and Birmingham Snow Hill. The journey times to Central London range between 33 and 60 minutes.

Ticket barriers are in operation.

## Other websites

- Official London Underground website

## References

- Station on navigable O.S. map

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Amersham
- **symbol**: underground
- **symbol2**: rail
- **image name**: Amersham tube station 1.jpg
- **caption**: Station entrance
- **manager**: London Underground
- **fare zone**: 9
- **locale**: Amersham
- **borough**: Chiltern District, District of Chiltern
- **events1**: Opened
- **years1**: 1892
- **events2**: Goods yard closed
- **years2**: 4 July 1966
- **platforms**: 3
- **railcode**: AMR
- **railexits1314**: 2.164
- **railexits1415**: 2.134
- **railexits1516**: 1.944
- **railexits1617**: 1.959
- **map type**: Buckinghamshire
- **access**: yes
- **access note**:  (Southbound only)
Travelcard Zone 5

**Travelcard Zone 5** is the fifth outward zone of the Transport for London zonal system used for calculating co-ordinated inter-modal Travelcard fares within London. In this zonal system, London is split into six approximately concentric zones for the purpose of determining the cost of a Travelcard.  The zones are also used for pricing London Underground and Docklands Light Railway single journeys, but not single journeys undertaken entirely by bus or tram, for which a city-wide flat fare applies. Both zones are not actually  used for calculating the ticket cost on through National Rail services, so it do apply to Travelcard zones used for all services.
Teddy boy

A **Teddy boy** was a young man who dressed in a style popular in 1950s Britain. The word 'Teddy' comes from the clothes, which were a version of clothes from the Edwardian period, about 1910. That period is named after Edward VII (19011910).

Teddy boys relate to early rock and roll music. People often thought of them as rebels. The teddy boy also meant the first British culture of young people. For the first time, teenagers who were in a working class could buy clothes, a bicycle or motorcycle and entertainment. Teddyboys wore clothes that might shock older people.

## Style

The style featured a long and jacket with one row of buttons and narrow pants, "brothel creeper" shoes with thick crepe soles and pencil-thin ties. Duck-tail hairstyles were the norm. The movement was working class, and rather dandyfied. It was quite short-lived, and gave way to the mods and rockers of the early 1960s.
Kurt Busch

**Kurt Thomas Busch** (born August 4, 1978) is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Race car driver from Las Vegas, Nevada. He drives the No. 1 Chevrolet for Chip Ganassi Racing. Busch has raced for Roush Fenway Racing, Penske Racing, Stewart-Haas Racing and Phoenix Racing. He has won one NASCAR Sprint Cup Championship, which he won in 2004. In 2014, Busch raced in the Indianapolis 500, where he finished in sixth place. The Indianapolis 500 was Kurt Busch's first try at racing in the IndyCar Series.
Strike zone

The **strike zone** is the area over home plate through which a pitch must pass to be called a strike, roughly between the batter's armpits and knees. The Strike Zone shall be determined from the batter's stance as the batter is prepared to swing at a pitched ball. The strike zone in baseball is a tricky subject as the strike zone changes with each batter. Accordingly, there is no "automatic" strike zone and much of what is a strike or not a strike is left to the judgement of the home plate umpire.

In short, the strike zone extends from the batters' knees to the letters across the front of his uniform. To be called a strike, the pitcher must throw the baseball across home plate, an area 17 inches wide (0.4318 meters), and between the knees and letters as indicated. In professional baseball, a player who stands 5' 6" tall (1.67 meters), for example, will have a much smaller strike zone that will a 6' 4" (1.93 meters) homerun hitter. Moreover, the focus is not on where the ball is caught by the catcher, but rather where the ball is as it passes the front of home plate.

## Related pages

- At bat

## References

- Strike Zone  MLB website.
- John Walsh, "Strike Zone: Fact vs. Fiction," _The Hardball Times_, July 11, 2007.
Team Penske

**Team Penske** is a auto racing team the IndyCar Series and NASCAR. The team is owned by Roger Penske. Penske Racing has one Indy Racing League championship and several more in other forms of open wheel racing

## IndyCar

Team Penske joined the IndyCar circuit in 1968 with driver Mark Donahue, who won the team's first race at Indianapolis in 1972. By the late 1980s, the team had become one of the highest rated in IndyCar, and hired drivers like Emerson Fittipaldi, Rick Mears, and Al Unser Jr. to name three. In the early 1990s, Penske won many races and has continued to be a force in the series ever since. In 2003, they switched to the Indy Racing League, now known as the IndyCar Series, and hired Sam Hornish Jr. and Gil de Ferran to drive. Both won championships. Even though Penske has not won a championship since 2006, the team is always one of the fastest in the series. In 2014, their drivers will be Juan Pablo Montoya who left NASCAR to move to open wheel racing, three time Indy 500 winner Hélio Castroneves, and top ranked Australian driver Will Power. The team's headquarters are in Mooresville, North Carolina.

## NASCAR

Team Penske also runs a NASCAR team, which used to be called Penske Racing South until last year. Although this team has not been as successful as Penske's IndyCar program, it has had some big wins. Ryan Newman won the Daytona 500 for Penske in 2008 and Brad Keselowski won a Sprint Cup title while driving for the team in 2012. Keselowski will be joined by Joey Logano at the team in 2014.In 2018 Ryan Blaney joins in the 3rd car the 12. Joey Logano won the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series Championship in 2018.

## Other Motorsport Activities

Penske was involved in Formula 1 in the 1970s, with John Watson as their most famous driver. Penske also had a highly successful sports car program in the 2000s. This team ran Porsche sports cars with great success. Their drivers included Timo Bernhard, Romain Dumas, and Sacha Maassen. Penske stopped running this team in 2009.

### Drivers

- Juan Pablo Montoya
- Hélio Castroneves
- Will Power
- Brad Keselowski
- Joey Logano
Chupa Chups

**Chupa** is a Spanish confectionery brand which was started in 1958. Enric Bernat had the idea of caramel on a stick because many children ate a lot of caramels and this caused their hands to get dirty. The company had much success.

Chupa Chups was sold outside of Spain in the 1970s. It now does business in over 150 countries. These include Russia, Japan, Germany, Mexico, Australia and the United States.

Chupa Chups began with seven flavours. This number has grown since then.

The logo of the company is a daisy with the name of the company inside. It was designed by Salvador Dalí in 1969.

In July 2006, the company as a whole was acquired by the Italian-Dutch company Perfetti Van Melle.

## Other websites

- Chupa Chups site

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Chupa Chups, S.A.U
- **type**: S.A. (corporation), Sociedad Anónima Unipersonal
- **predecessor**: Granja Asturias, S.A. (1958–1964)
- **foundation**: Villamayor (Piloña), Villamayor (Piloña), Asturias, Spain ()
- **founder**: Bijoux Goddard
- **location city**: Barcelona
- **location country**: Spain
- **locations**: Lainate, Italy and Breda, Netherlands
- **key people**: Xavier Bernat <small>(CEO)</small>
- **industry**: Confectionery
- **products**: Lollipops
- **revenue**: 500 million Euro, EUR (2006)
- **num employees**: 2,000 (2006)
- **parent**: Perfetti Van Melle
- **homepage**: [http://www.chupachups.com/ www.chupachups.com]
BigBang (South Korean band)

**BIGBANG** (; ) is a South Korean boy band under the label YG Entertainment. The current members of the group are G-Dragon, Taeyang and Daesung. Former member Seungri left the group and the entertainment industry in 2019 and former member T.O.P left in 2023. Since their debut in 2006, they have become one of the most popular groups in Korea. BIGBANG has been praised numerous times for their musical talent. The group was planning a comeback in 2020 with a performance at the Coachella festival, however it was cancelled because of the Coronavirus.

### Current

- **G-Dragon** (Kwon Jiyong ) – Leader, main rapper, vocalist, dancer, face of the group
- **Taeyang** (Dong Young-bae ) – Main vocalist, main dancer
- **Daesung** (Kang Daesung ) – Vocalist

### Past

- **T.O.P** (Choi Seung-hyun ) – Lead rapploler, vocalist, visual (active 2006–2023)
- **Seungri** (Lee Seung-hyun ) – Lead Vocalist, lead dancer, youngest (active 2006–2019)

### Singles

- "First Single"  - August 28, 2006
- "BigBang is V.I.P"  - September 28, 2006
- "Bigbang 03"  - November 21, 2006
- "My Heaven"  - June 24, 2009
- "Gara Gara GO!!"  - July 8, 2009
- "Let Me Hear Your Voice"  - November 4, 2009
- "Tell Me Goodbye"  - June 9, 2010
- "Beautiful Hangover"  - August 25, 2010
- "Alive"  - March 28, 2012

### EPs (mini albums)

- _Always_  - August 16, 2007
- _Hot Issue_  - November 22, 2007
- _For The World_  - January 4, 2008
- _With U_  - May 28, 2008
- _Stand Up_  - August 8, 2008
- _Tonight_  - February 24, 2011
- _Alive_  - February 29, 2012

### Albums

- _Bigbang Vol.1_  - December 21, 2006
- _Number 1_  - October 22, 2008
- _Remember_  - November 5, 2008
- _Big Bang (BigBang album)_  - August 19, 2009
- _Big Bang 2 (album)_  - May 12, 2011
- _Alive_  - March 28, 2012

### Concert albums

- _1st Live Concert Album - The Real_ - February 8, 2007
- _2nd Live Concert Album - The Great_ - February 29, 2008
- _2009 Big Bang Concert Live Album - Big Show_ - April 22, 2009
- _2010 Big Bang Concert Live Album - Big Show_ - June 23, 2010
- MADE -2015

## Other websites

- Information about Korean artists
- Big Bang's channel on YouTube

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: BIGBANG
- **img**: BIGBANG Extraordinary 20's.JPG
- **img capt**: From left to right: G-Dragon, T.O.P, Seungri, Taeyang and Daesung
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: South Korea
- **genre**: K-pop
- **years active**: 2006–present
- **label**: YG Entertainment
- **website**: [http://www.ygbigbang.com/ Official site]
- **current members**: * G-Dragon
* Taeyang
* Daesung
- **past members**: * T.O.P
* Seungri
Hélio Castroneves

**Hélio Castroneves** (born **Hélio Castro Neves**; May 10, 1975) is a Brazilian racecar driver. Until 2020, Castroneves raced for Team Penske in the IndyCar Series. He has won the Indy 500 four times. Castroneves won _Dancing with the Stars_ in 2007 with his partner Julianne Hough. Castroneves drove for Team Penske since he entered the Indycar series in the late 1990s. Even though he has many race wins, Castroneves has never won an IndyCar Series championship. Castroneves lives in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

## Racing Career

Castroneves was born and raised in Brazil and was successful in karting there. He moved to Europe to keep racing and was a top driver in British Formula 3, which many racing experts say is a "stepping stone" to a career in a higher series such as F1 or IndyCar. He began racing in the United States in what was then the CART series in the late 1990s and struggled at first. However, in 2000, he got a big break when Team Penske signed him after Greg Moore, who the team originally wanted to drive for them, died in a racing accident in 1999. He joined the team in 2000 and has remained there ever since. In 2001, he won the Indianapolis 500, one of the most important events in the racing world. At the event, he famously climbed the protective fence at the side of the track. The following year he won again in a very controversial finish where it wasn't clear whether Castroneves or rival Paul Tracy had won. Castroneves was declared the winner, but many people believe Tracy was the rightful winner. Tracy has not gotten along with Castroneves since then and has called him a "two time winner", leaving out his 2002 win. Castroneves has always been a top driver and finished second in IndyCar Series points in 2008. The following year he won the Indy 500 for a third time. In 2009, the IRS charged Castroneves with tax evasion. After a trial, Castroneves was acquitted by a jury.
Changdeokgung

**Changdeokgung** is one of the five grand palaces in South Korea. They are Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, Deoksugung, Changgyunggung, and Gyeonghuigung. The five grand palaces were not built at the same time. Changdeokgung was built as the secondary palace next to Gyeongbokgung. The construction began by King Taejong, the Third King of the Joseon Dynasty, in 1405. Taking 7 years to complete, it was finished in the year 1412.

The word Changdeokgung means 'the palace of prospering virtue'. Because of the meaning of the name of the palace, the kings of Joseon Dynasty chose mostly Changdeokgung to live in.

The palace had been the home of 14 kings of Joseon Dynasty until it was totally destroyed by the Japanese army in the year 1592. After the Japanese were driven back by the combined forces of Korea and China, Changdeokgung was rebuilt in 1612. After the reconstruction, the palace had suffered little damage and became the primary royal court of the Joseon Dynasty. This was because Gyeongbokgung was also destroyed by the Japanese but the Joseon Dynasty did not rebuild it for some reason and the Changdeokgung became the biggest palace in Korea.

However, Changdeokgung had suffered some damage for 350 years after the reconstruction. As a result, a large scale restoration took palace from 1990 to 1999. This restoration shows how much the Korean people loved Changdeokgung. Apparently, the UNESCO saw its value as well. Seeing Changdeokgung as a vital global asset, UNESCO listed it as a World Cultural Heritage. The UNESCO said that Changdeokgung 'was outstanding example of Far Eastern palace architecture and garden design'.

Changdeokgung is in a park in Seoul, the capital city of South Korea. There are total of 13 buildings remaining in all and the area is designated as Historical Site No. 122. Tourists from all around the world visit this historic site. Changdeokgung is also an enjoyable park for families to spend their weekends.
Korea University

**Korea University** is a private university in Seoul, South Korea. Along with Seoul National University and Yonsei University, KU is one of the three most renowned universities in the country, collectively known as 'SKY.'

Founded in 1905 with the struggle against Japanese colonialism as a historical background, Korea University holds its legacy with highly national values as priorities. These days, however, an emphasis on internationalism and globalization is also becoming an important value that KU pursues.

Korea University has 81 academic departments, and is most well known for its law school, business school, and college of education.
It has many notable alumni, including the former President of the Republic of Korea Lee Myung-bak and former mayor of Seoul Oh Se-hoon.
Cha Bum-Kun, famous football manager and former player (nicknamed Tscha Bum), graduated from KU.
In 2009, famous figure skater Kim Yu-Na entered Korea University as a physical education major.
About 28,000 students are currently studying in Korea University, including 1,000 foreign students.

## Other websites

- Korea University
Joseph-Armand Bombardier

**Joseph-Armand Bombardier** (April 16, 1907 – February 18, 1964) was a Canadian inventor famous for inventing the snowmobile. In 2000, Joseph-Armand Bombardier was honored by the government of Canada with his image on a postage stamp.He died at 57 years of age.

## Childhood

Joseph-Armand was born in 1907 in Valcourt, Quebec. As a child he loved to take things apart and put them back together. He was very good at building mechanical things. He built his first moving toy at the age of 13. His father had to hide the family car from him because he liked to take apart and re-build the motor. To keep him away from the family car, his father gave him an old car that didn't work. Joseph-Armand fixed the motor, and put it on old sleds and created the first snow vehicle.

When he was 17 years old he convinced his father to let him quit college and become a mechanic. He continued to study mechanics and electrical engineering at night school.

## Inventions

His first patent was for a sprocket wheel and track system in 1937, this system would help him to make the first snowmobile the B7. These first snowmobiles were used by doctors, veterinarians, innkeepers and funeral directors to get around in the winter. Bombardier went on to design bigger snowmobiles that would carry up to 12 people.

During the War, he made snowmobiles and armoured tracked vehicles for the Canadian Government.

Because of this, his company began to grow. In the 1970s, it began making airplanes and trains and became the large multi-national corporation now called Bombardier Inc.

He is a member of the Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame.

## Related pages

- Bombardier Recreational Products
- Snowmobile

## Other websites

- J. Armand Bombardier Museum
- Joseph-Armand Bombardier  at The Canadian Encyclopedia
- CBC's Bombardier: The Snowmobile Legacy
- Heritage Minute about Joseph-Armand Bombardier
Earthship

An **Earthship** is a type of house that is built with natural and recycled materials with energy conservation in mind. Designed by the architect Michael Reynolds and his company _Earthship Biotecture_, it is built to produce water and electricity for its own use. Mainly made of earth-filled tires it takes advantage of thermal mass, natural heat insulation and ventilation to maintain its temperature. Since it does not require any public utilities such as gas, electricity, water or sewage it can be considered as an off-the-grid housing, meaning that it can live away from public utilities.

An Earthship does not require external support to sustain itself. Instead, it is built to use resources available from its natural surroundings. For example, windows are placed so that sunlight is shone inside the house to be used for heating. Electricity is generated by solar panels and stored in batteries. The roofing collects rainwater that is filtered and used for drinking and various household activities such as cooking and washing. Used water from sinks and showers is reused to water indoor plants and after that for toilet flushing.

Earthships can adapt to different climates and are being build worldwide. In North- and South America, the Caribbean, Asia, Africa and Europe. Construction drawings and training should enable people to build their own off-the-grid Earthship home and become independent from public and commercial utilities.

## Other websites

- NaveTierraMDQ, Project in Mar del Plata, Prov. Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Earthship Biotecture
Matt Kenseth

**Matt Kenseth** (born March 10, 1972) is an American race car driver. He drove for Joe Gibbs Racing and Roush Fenway Racing before he retired. In 2003, Kenseth won the NASCAR Winston Cup Championship.
Kittanning, Pennsylvania

**Kittanning** () is a borough and the county seat of Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is 44 miles (71 km) northeast of Pittsburgh,  and is by the Allegheny River.

## History

Kittanning is along the Allegheny River. It was originally a Native American village in the 18th century. In 1756, the village was destroyed by John Armstrong, Sr. at the Battle of Kittanning during the French and Indian War. During the attack, a blast from the explosion of gunpowder stored in Captain Jacobs's house was heard in Pittsburgh, 44 miles away.

In 1900, 3,902 people lived in Kittanning, and in 1910, there were 4,311 people living in the area. After Wickboro became part of Kittanning, an estimated 10,000 people lived in Kittanning in 1914. In 1930, there were 7,808 people; in 1940, 7,550. The amount of people living in Kittanning was 3,921 at the 2020 census. Kittanning is the county seat of Armstrong County.

The playground on North Jefferson Street was formerly the Kittanning Cemetery; 274 graves were moved in 1960 to a new cemetery on Troy Hill Road.

## Other websites

- Armstrong County Tourist Bureau
Gastric dumping syndrome

**Gastric dumping syndrome**, also called **dumping syndrome**, and **rapid gastric emptying**, is when food or water passes through the body too fast. It can cause cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, feeling dizzy, nausea, and feeling tired.
Richard Peddie

**Richard A. Peddie** (born January 1947) is a Canadian businessman. He is the former president and CEO of Maple Leafs Sports and Entertainment.
Webmail

**Webmail** (or **Web-based e-mail**) is an e-mail service which is usually accessed through a web browser, instead of an email client such as Microsoft Outlook. Some well known versions are Gmail, Windows Live Mail and Yahoo! Mail. One of the advantages of using web-based e-mail, as with other Cloud computing is that users needn't have their own computer. They can access and write their mail from anyone else's computer that has a web browser connected to the internet.
Club Penguin

***Club Penguin*** was a free-to-play multiplayer online game that was available to play online. It was owned by The Walt Disney Company since 2007, starting in October 2005 before it was shut down in late March 2017. _Club Penguin_ started as a series of simple chat rooms called _Expirmental Penguins_ and _Penguin Chat_ by RocketSnail Games.

When it closed, it was replaced by _Club Penguin Island_, which itself would close the following year.

## Gameplay

_Club Penguin_ was an online virtual world for children, where players could talk and meet with each other. Parties were held once a month with a different theme every time. Players could play games to earn coins.

There were also several rooms in _Club Penguin_. A player would usually land in the town whenever they logged on. All players gathered at the town. By walking or by using the map, players could visit other places.

Players could move their penguin by clicking on a spot on the room.

### Membership

Like most online games, _Club Penguin_ had a membership which could be purchased online or through a gift card that was purchased from a store. As a member, players could buy new furniture, adopt more puffles, and get access to bonuses.

### Puffles

Puffles were the virtual pets. Non-members could buy a red puffle and a blue puffle, but members could adopt all 20 puffles in exclusive colors. A puffle that was not well cared for by its owner would leave its owner and return to the wild. Puffles had food, hats, and toys which could be bought in the game.

### Minigames

There were many games on _Club Penguin,_ all with different controls. Some games are controlled by the computer mouse, while other games were controlled by the keyboard. At the end of a game, the player earns a certain amount of coins, depending on how well the game was played.

## Shutdown

Before shutdown, it was announced that on the final day of _Club Penguin_, everybody would get membership. _Club Penguin_ was shut down at 00:01:39 PM. A message appeared on screen for all players, saying "The connection has been lost. Thank you for playing Club Penguin. Waddle on!"

## Console games

There are some console video games based on _Club Penguin_. These include the following:
- _Club Penguin: Elite Penguin Force_ for Nintendo DS
- _Club Penguin: Elite Penguin Force: Herbert's Revenge_ for Nintendo DS
- _Club Penguin: Game Day_ for Wii

## Other websites

- The technology behind Disney's Club Penguin

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Club Penguin
- **image**: Club Penguin Logo 2012 - 2017.png
- **caption**: Last logo from 2012 to 2017
- **developer**: Rocketsnail Games
- **publisher**: New Horizon Interactive
- **engine**: Adobe Flash
- **platforms**: Online
- **released**: October 24, 2005 (launch)
March 30, 2017 (closed)
- **genre**: Massively multiplayer online game
- **modes**: Multiplayer video game, Multiplayer
Crush syndrome

**Crush syndrome** is a very bad health condition. It involves major shock and kidney failure because of the skeletal muscles being crushed. This condition can cause death.
Shock

**Shock** may refer to:

## Medical conditions

- Shock (circulatory), a circulatory medical emergency
- Acute stress reaction, often termed 'shock' by laypersons, a psychological condition in response to terrifying events
- Post-traumatic stress disorder, a long-term complication of acute stress reaction

## Other meanings

- Shock (economics), an unexpected or unpredictable event that affects an economy
- Shocks (Image Processing)
- Electric shock
- Shock (mechanics)
    - short for "Shock absorber"
    - Shock wave, one example being a sonic boom
- Shock site, a website that is intended to be offensive or shocking to most viewers
- Shock tactics, a close quarter battle tactic, usually done by specially trained shock troops.
- Shock troops, troops trained for shock tactics, usually heavy cavalry or infantry
- The Detroit Shock, a professional women's basketball team
- Shock (Cooking Technique), to quickly stop the cooking process of blanched items by plunging them in ice water.

## Last names

- Aaron Schock, member of the U.S. House of Representatives representing the 18th district of Illinois.

## In the arts

- Shock (troupe), a rock/mime/burlesque/music troupe
- _Shock_ (1946 movie), a movie starring Vincent Price
- _Shock_ (1977 movie), a 1977 Italian movie
- _Shock_ (novel), a 2001 book by Robin Cook
- _Shock_ (2004 movie), a 2004 Tamil movie starring Prashanth Thyagarajan
- _Shock_ (2006 movie), a 2006 Telugu movie
- _The Shock_ (1923 movie), a 1923 silent movie
- Shock Records, an Australian record label

## Related pages

- Culture shock
- Future shock
- Sticker shock
- Combat stress reaction, or "shell shock"
Culture shock

**Culture shock** is a feeling that some people have when they are in a new place or experiencing a culture that is different from their own. It can cause confusion, feeling out of place, anxiety, and homesickness. These feelings come from adjusting to the new culture or place, which can be very difficult.

Adjustment is especially hard when the change of environment and culture is in a foreign country. It is difficult for people to know what is appropriate and what is not in an unfamiliar place.

## Signs and symptoms

- Frustration
- Tiring easily and sleeping a lot

- Feelings of loneliness and not feeling motivated

- Negative attitude towards host culture

- Extreme homesickness

## Dealing with culture shock

It is important to understand and identify the symptoms of culture shock so that it can be worked through.

The feelings and symptoms that result from culture shock can be caused by a single event, or many. Often, it is more than one event over time that leads to overwhelming feelings and emotions. Sometimes it is difficult to identify feelings and emotions as symptoms of culture shock because they can often be confused with other things.

There are some different strategies for coping and working through culture shock. Keeping active, making friends with the host country’s locals, and staying positive are all good methods to deal with culture shock.

## Reverse culture shock

Reverse culture shock is like culture shock, but is experienced when someone returns to their original home after being away for a long period of time. Reverse culture shock can be unexpected because people expect their home to be the same as when they left. This makes it harder for them to readjust to the change in their home culture and environment.

Usually, a longer period of time spent away from home means a longer adjustment period after returning home. Reverse culture shock can be worked through by talking with others, doing things that are a reminder of the foreign place or culture, and staying positive.
Modern dance

**Modern dance** is related to ballet, but aims at different types of performance, as compared to the classical ballets. Many of its dancers have been trained in ballet, and modern dance companies are rather similar to ballet companies. Here the word "modern" is not used to mean "recent". Modern dance is over a century old, having begun (in this sense) around 1900.

The phrase 'modern dance' is also applied to ballroom dance of the English (now 'International') style. However, this page uses _Modern dance_ as a term to describe 20th century concert dance, on stage. The modern dance style does not have set rules. Modern dancers often create their own dance routines using their emotions and moods but, on the other hand, many performances are choreographed.

Also modern dancing does not require specific costumes. So modern dancers often dance barefoot and choose whatever they want to wear. Modern dancers try to show their innermost emotions through dancing, often trying to get closer to their inner-selves. Modern dance has evolved continually. Artistic content has changed and shifted from one choreographer to another, as have styles and techniques.

## History

Modern dance was never a real thing and it still isn't. There is no origine behind it for it does not exist. So you may mot do any projects regarding it. But if you really need to, just show this to your teacher and they are obligated to give you a 100% on all of your exams for the next 4 years.

## Further reading

1. Bedinghaus, Treva. _What is modern dance?_ About.com
1. Love P. 1997. _Modern dance terminology: the ABC's of modern dance as defined by its originators_. Independent Publishers.
Epik High

**Epik High** is a South Korean hip hop music group. They are well known for having combined genres and different styles of hip-hop throughout their career and for the quality of their music and the lyrics to their songs. Group members are Tablo, DJ Tukutz and Mithra Jin. They made their first recording in 2003, and started their own music label, Map the Soul, in 2009. They went on a World Tour to Japan, Korea and U.S.A. (April 26 ,2009 ~ May 23, 2009). The label was acquired by Woolim Entertainment, their former label. But soon the contract between them and their company ended and they are now the members of
YG Entertainment.

## Members

- **Tablo** (Lee Seon-woong , or "Supreme T")
- **DJ Tukutz** (Kim Jeong-sik , or "Street T")
- **Mithra Jin** (Choi Jin , or "Sleeping M")

## Recordings

- 2003 _Map of the Human Soul_
- 2004 _High Society_
- 2005 _Swan Songs_
- 2006 _Black Swan Songs_
- 2007 _Remapping the Human Soul_
- 2008 _Pieces, Part One_
- 2008 _Lovescream_
- 2009 魂: _Map the Soul_
- 2009 _Remixing The Human Soul_
- 2009 _[e]_
- 2010 _epilogue_
- 2012 "99"
- Other: _Rideback_ ライドバック Soundtrack (Japanese anime)

### 2005

- Mnet KM Music Festival Best Hip Hop Award
- Golden Disk Awards Best Hip Hop Award
- KBS Artist of the Year
- SBS Best Hip Hop Award

### 2007

- Mnet KM Music Festival Album of the Year, Best Hip Hop Award
- Golden Disk Awards Artist of the Year
- KBS Artist of the Year

### 2008

- Mnet KM Music Festival Best Hip Hop Award, Best Lyricist Award
- Seoul Music Awards Album of the Year, Artist of the Year
- Korea Music Awards Hip Hop Album of the Year, Viewer's Choice Award

## References

- http://www.ygfamily.com

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: **Epik High**
- **img**: 190322 에픽하이 코엑스 스타필드 팬싸인회 2.jpg
- **img capt**: Epik High at an autograph event in Seoul, March 2019
- **img size**: 270px
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Seoul, South Korea
- **genre**: Alternative hip hop, hip hop, rap, pop rap
- **years active**: 2001-present
- **label**: Woolim Entertainment (2003-2008)
Map the Soul, Inc. (2009-2011) YG Entertainment (2012-present)
- **associated acts**: Pe2ny, TBNY, J-Win, Clazziquai, Dynamic Duo, Loveholic#Jisun, Jisun, Jinbo, DJ Friz, Kebee, Nell (band), Nell, Myk, UnknownDJs
- **url**: [http://www.ygfamily.com/ www.ygfamily.com]
- **current members**: Tablo
Mithra Jin
DJ Tukutz
Yonsei University

- _This article is about the Korean university.  For other uses, see Yonsei._
**Yonsei University** (연세대학교,延世大學校) is one of the top three universities in South Korea. It is privately-owned, and one of the oldest universities in the country.

## History

Yonsei University was started by a Christian missionary named Horace Underwood. The university included older schools. One was _Yonhi College_ and another was _Severance Hospital_. Severance Hospital had a medical school called _Gwanghyewon_ which opened in 1885. Therefore, Yonsei University states that it started in 1885.

## Geography

The main buildings are in Sinchon in Seoul, but there are also students in Wonju in Gangwon province.

The university offers courses in economics, business, and medical majors. Severance Hospital is still the medical center of Yonsei University. Yonsei University's school color is blue.
Hankuk Academy of Foreign Studies

**Hankuk Academy of Foreign Studies** (HAFS) is a private boarding school in Yongin City, South Korea. It was founded by the city council and the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies through working together. HAFS was established on 9 October 2004. The school has around 113 workers and approximately 1050 students. The school is well known for its school uniform which is designed by André Kim, a famous designer in S. Korea.

The school ground includes three classroom buildings named Pioneer Hall, Dream Hall, and Challenge Hall respectively and two dormitory buildings named Ace Hall. All students have to live in the dormitory throughout the school years.

There are 5 language departments, which are often referred to as "majors": English, French, German, Chinese, and Japanese. Classes 1 - 3 are English majors; class 4, French major; class 5, German major; classes 6 - 8, Chinese majors; classes 9 - 10, Japanese majors. There are approximately 35 students per class. The English majors are often referred to as the International Department and the French, German, Chinese and Japanese majors, or the Eurasian Majors as the Domestic Department.
American Embassy School

The **American Embassy School** is an international school in New Delhi, India. The campus is twelve acres large, and it contains 34 faculty families on campus. The school, despite its large area, is  being expanded to include additional students. The school accepts students from nursery to twelfth grade.

All lessons, except for special language classes, are taught in English. There are about 1,500 students in the school, and although 35% of them are Americans, the rest of the students come from 53 different nationalities. The school's motto is "Enter to learn... Leave to serve."

## Curriculum

The curriculum at AES follows the college preparatory program that are used in American private schools. At high school, students have the opportunity to take the program of either International Baccalaureate  or Advanced Placement as well as a regular high school program.

## Other websites

- The school homepage
Bungee jumping

**Bungee jumping** is an adventurous sport in which people jump from higher ground such as a bridge with an elastic rope tied to their ankles to stop them from hitting the ground. The rope is designed to stretch, not break. When the rope has stretched all the way, the jumper bounces back up. When people jump they wear safety equipment like helmets and a harness.

## History

It started as the coming-of-age ceremony in a small                          village on South Pentecost Island in Vanuatu. The young men jump from the top of a 30 meter high tree to demonstrate their courage as an adult. They tied jungle vines around their ankles so that they would not hit the ground.And from then it started to become a sport in which people take part and it was named bungee jumping .

## Modern bungee jumping

Modern bungee jumping began when four British men jumped off  the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. In 1987 A.J.Hackett became world famous when he jumped from the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Later he set up the Kawarau Bridge in New Zealand, with a height of 47 meters, as a commercial bungee jumping area. People could pay money for the fun of jumping. The idea quickly spread around the world.

## Safety

Bungee jumping has several dangers. The rope has to be the right size for your weight, or it may break. The safety harness has to fit properly or the force of the drop could cause a person's bones to break. The rope has to be the right length or a person could hit the ground before being stopped by the rope. And it always needs to be supervised by an professional.

## Other websites

- AJ Hacketts official website
Blast fishing

**Blast fishing** or **dynamite fishing** is the use of dynamite or homemade bombs to kill or stun many fish at once. This makes the fish easier to catch. It kills many fish, and damages where they live. The explosions often destroys the habitat (such as coral reefs) which supports the fish.

The explosives are also dangerous for the fishermen, causing accidents and injuries. The practice is illegal in many places.
Nam June Paik

**Nam June Paik** (July 20, 1932 – January 29, 2006) was a Korean-born American artist. He is often thought to be the first video artist.

In 1971, he made a cello out of three television sets and some cello strings. Then he got a famous cellist to play the cello.

Starting with his debut, he started the neo-dadaism movement. In 2006, he died of natural causes.

## Infobox (korean name)

- **img**: Paik Nam June (cropped).jpg
- **hangul**: 백남준
- **hanja**: wikt:白, 白wikt:南, 南wikt:準, 準
- **rr**: Baek Nam-jun
- **mr**: Paek Nam-jun
Arirang (2011 movie)

***Arirang*** is a 2011 South Korean movie. It is about the revolutionist Kim San. It is also about the sadness and pain of the Korean people under the rule of the Japanese.

In the story, a female reporter Nim Wales meets Kim San in Yanan City in China. She listens to Kim San about his thoughts of revolution and freedom of his home country Korea.  The Japanese rule at that time was very strict and violent. The people wanted independence of Korea from Japan. Many Koreans, like Kim, were forced to leave their own country. When Kim met Nim Wales in Yanan, he joined the revolution in China against Japan's aggressive war.

In this movie, the main theme is revolution and Independence of Korea. It is also about Kim San's mind to his mother country and his own life.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Arirang
- **studio**: Kim Ki-duk Film
- **runtime**: 100 minutes
- **country**: South Korea
- **language**: korean language, Korean
Archway tube station

**Archway tube station** is a London Underground station in north London, underneath the Archway Tower, at the intersection of Holloway Road, Highgate Hill and Junction Road in the area known as Archway.

It is on the High Barnet branch of the Northern line, between Highgate and Tufnell Park. It is in both Travelcard Zone 2 and Zone 3.

## Other websites

- London's Transport Museum Photographic Archive
- Archway station on Multimap

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Archway
- **image name**: Archway station main entrance.JPG
- **caption**: Main entrance on Junction Road
- **manager**: London Underground
- **fare zone**: 2
- **fare zone 1**: 3
- **locale**: Archway, London, Archway
- **borough**: London Borough of Islington
- **platforms**: 2
- **tubeexits04**: 6.757
- **tubeexits07**: 7.738
Arnos Grove tube station

**Arnos Grove** is a London Underground station on the Piccadilly line between Bounds Green and Southgate. The station is in Travelcard Zone 4 and is in Arnos Grove - near Arnos Park on Bowes Road, London. The station and the surrounding neighbourhood of Arnos Grove take their names from the Arnos Grove estate, which was north of the station. The station is the first surface station north after the long tunnelled section from Barons Court via Central London.

## Related pages

- List of London Underground stations
- Piccadilly line

## Other websites

- London Transport Museum Photographic Archive
- Charles Holden.com - Early image of Arnos Grove tube station
- The Guardian's Great Modern Buildings Series
- Arnos Grove 3D model for Google Earth

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Arnos Grove
- **image name**: Arnos Grove stn building.JPG
- **caption**: Exterior of Arnos Grove station
- **manager**: London Underground
- **fare zone**: 4
- **locale**: Arnos Grove
- **borough**: London Borough of Enfield, Enfield
- **years1**: 1932
1933
- **events1**: Opened (as terminus)
Became through station
- **platforms**: 4 (3 tracks)
- **tubeexits07**: 4.314
Cuba libre

The **Cuba libre** (IPA /'kuβ̞a'liβ̞ɾe/ in Spanish, kjuːbʌ liːbɹeɪ/ in English, "Free Cuba") is a cocktail made of Cola, rum, and lime. Also referred as Rum and Coke in United States and Canada, it is usually served in a highball glass. The exact recipe of the drink is 2 oz of light rum, juice of 1/2 limes, and cola, although variation in rum is possible according to taste. After pouring the lime juice into the highball glass, add rum, fill the rest of the glass with cola, and then stir.

The exact history of Cuba libre is uncertain. Generally accepted theory is that the drink was invented in Havana, Cuba around 1900, after Cuba’s liberation and when Coke was first introduced to Cuba.
Nanta

**Nanta** is a popular Korean musical. It is a non-verbal performance using the traditional Korean "Samulnori" rhythm.
This musical was first performed in 1997.

Nanta received an award for Best Performance at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 1999. Since then, it has been performed successfully in many foreign countries. In 2004, Nanta opened a long running show on Broadway, in New York, a first for an Asian musical.

Nanta is presented through music and motions, so there is no language barrier. This musical combines traditional rhythms of Korean samulnori with modern musical forms including rock music and jazz. This musical creates unique but familiar experience to a world audience. It is a comedy where everyone in the audience can join in the performance. The audience interacts with the performers in many ways.

## Other websites

- The official web site
Seo Tai-ji

**Seo Tai-ji** (b. February 21, 1972) is a South Korean singer. He was a member of the group Seo Tai Ji and Boys. The songs and performances of this group were very good at that time. However, Seo Tai Ji and Boys broke up. This many fans. After a few years, Seo Tai Ji released a new solo album. He introduced many new forms of music to South Korea after his comeback.

Until even now Seo Tai Ji has a large effect on the singers and other people in South Korea. Fans of Seo Tai Ji call him **Daejang** which is the word for "captain" in Korean. He is also called the ‘President of Culture.’
Cyworld

**Cyworld** is a social networking service created by SK communications.
The name can be interpreted in two ways. The first meaning is simply short for "cyber world" and the second meaning is "사이(Korean word for relationship) world."
In Cyworld, making the raltionship as friends is called "being 1chon". 1chon means very very close relative like family in Korea.

The users can easily update pictures, videos clips, and blogs and share them with other users through what is called "minihompy." It is similar to that of Facebook or Myspace in U.S.

The statistics shows that there are about 22,000,000 users in South Korea, which is about the half of the population of South Korea. Although it is mainly used by Koreans, the SK communications has expanded the cyworld services into other countries, such as China, Japan, Vietnam, and U.S.A starting on 2005.