juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
DHL

**DHL** is an American founded German international logistics company. The company is providing courier, parcel delivery and express mail services. DHL is a division of the multinational logistics company Deutsche Post. DHL delivers more than 1.6 billion packages a year. It is headquartered in Bonn, Germany.

### Background

At the beginning of the mass adoption of containers for shipping goods in the 1960s, mail services, mostly monopolies, were inefficient. The cargo documents related with the contents of the containers often also traveled by ship, so they arrived after the cargo, causing the accumulation of containers in the ports.

### Establishment

Between the three founders, they came up with the idea of delivering shipping papers early, by plane, from San Francisco to Honolulu. In this way, customs formalities could begin before the ship reached port. Unloading time was reduced, saving shipowners costs. To make these shipments, the company often gave away airline tickets to travelers willing to carry a suitcase of business documents. The idea was the start of a new industry. This is the international express delivery service that was initially nicknamed "Smuggling as a service".

### Foreign offices

From there, it underwent a great development. In 1970, DHL entered the East Coast of the United States and expanded into the Pacific in 1971. In 1974, it made its first European office in London. Since 1977, DHL has been present in the Middle East and in 1978 it opened its first office in Germany.

## Other websites

- Major DHL Express feature on Global Aviation Resource

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Deutsche Post DHL Group
- **image**: DHL-Fahrzeug.jpg
- **logo**: DHL Logo.svg
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **parent**: Deutsche Post
- **foundation**: San Francisco, U.S.
 ()
- **location**: Bonn, Germany
- **key people**: Dr. Frank Appel (Chief executive officer, CEO)
- **founders**: Adrian Dalsey
Larry Hillblom
Robert Lynn
- **industry**: Courier
- **services**: Package delivery, Parcel delivery, Express mail, EMS, Freight forwarder, freight forwarding, third-party logistics
- **revenue**: Euro, €81,7 billion (2021)
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **num employees**: 400,000 (2021)
- **products**: DHL Express Worldwide
 DHL Express 9:00
 DHL Express 12:00
Auk

The **auk** is a type of bird. It is the English word for any bird in the family Alcidae.  There are many species of auk.  They live in the northern half of Planet Earth.

Some auks are small birds and some are medium-sized birds.  All auks live on or near the ocean.  They have long, thick bodies.  They have small wings and tails.  They have short legs and webbed feet.  Auks do not walk well.  They flap their wings very fast to fly.  When they fly, they cannot change direction as fast as other birds can.  But auks swim and dive well.  Auks look like penguins because they are usually black and white in color, with black on the back and white on the belly.  But auks and penguins are not closely related.  They do not live in the same places.  Auks can fly and penguins cannot.

Most auks live on the ocean.  They stay far from land for months.  They come to land to build nests, lay eggs, and raise young auk chicks.

## Groups

There are 11 genuses and 23 species in the auk family. There are razorbills, murres, guillemots, puffins, and the little auk. One species of auk, the great auk, is extinct. All great auks are dead.

- _Aethia_
- _Alca_
- _Alle_
- _Brachyramphus_
- _Cepphus_
- _Cerorhinca_
- _Fratercula_
- _Pinguinus_ (dead)
- _Ptychoramphus_
- _Synthliboramphus_
- _Uria_
Dragan Tomić

**Dragan Tomić** (; 9 December 1935 – 21 June 2022) was a Serbian politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party of Serbia. He was the President of the National Assembly from 1994 to 2001. He supported dictator Slobodan Milošević. From 1998 until 2000, he was the Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia. For a short time in 1997, he was the Acting President of Serbia.

Tomić died on 21 June 2022 in Belgrade, Serbia.
Jimmy Dore

**James Patrick Anthony Dore** (born July 26, 1965) is an American comedian, political commentator, and YouTube personality. He is the host of ***The Jimmy Dore Show***. His works are sketch comedy routines. He criticizes the Democratic Party. From 2009 until 2019, he worked for The Young Turks.

Dore supports progressive American politicians such as Bernie Sanders and criticizes other Democratic politicians like Hillary Clinton, Elizabeth Warren, Nancy Pelosi and Joe Biden.

In 2021, Ana Kasparian accused Dore of sexual harassing her when they worked together at _The Young Turks_.

## Infobox (comedian)

- **child**: yes


## Infobox (youtube personality)

- **embed**: yes
- **channel url**: UC3M7l8ved_rYQ45AVzS0RGA
- **channel display name**: The Jimmy Dore Show
- **years active**: 2011–present
- **subscribers**: 1.03 million
- **subscriber date**: May 28, 2022
- **silver button**: yes
- **views**: 517 million
- **view date**: May 28, 2022
- **network**: The Young Turks (2009–2019)


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jimmy Dore
- **image**: Jimmy Dore by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg
- **caption**: Dore at the 2016 edition of Politicon
- **birth name**: James Patrick Anthony Dore
- **birth place**: South Side, Chicago, South Side, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Columbia College Chicago
- **years active**: 1989–present
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent (2016–present)
Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (until 2016)
Movement for a People's Party (2021–present)
- **movement**: Progressivism in the United States, American progressivism
- **partner**: Stefane Zamorano
Arati Prabhakar

**Arati Prabhakar** (born February 2, 1959) is an Indian-born American engineer and politician. She was the Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy from 2022 until 2025. She is a founder and the CEO of Actuate, a nonprofit organization.

In June 2022, Prabhaker was nominated to be Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) by President Joe Biden. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 22, 2022 and sworn-in the following week.

She headed National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) from 1993 to 1997, and was the first woman to head NIST.

Prabhakar was born in New Delhi, India and her family moved to the United States when she was three. At first, her family moved to Chicago and later to Lubbock, Texas.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **embed**: yes
- **fields**: Applied physics
- **workplaces**: National Institute of Standards and Technology
U.S. Venture Partners
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- **thesis title**: Investigation of Deep Level Defects in Semiconductor Material Systems
- **thesis url**: https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06212004-160535
- **thesis year**: 1985
- **doctoral advisor**: Thomas McGill


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Arati Prabhakar
- **image**: Arati Prabhakar, OSTP Director.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **office**: 12th Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
- **president**: Joe Biden
- **deputy**: Alondra Nelson
- **term start**: October 3, 2022
- **term end**: January 20, 2025
- **predecessor**: Eric Lander
- **successor**: Michael Kratsios
- **office1**: Science Advisor to the President
- **president1**: Joe Biden
- **term start1**: October 3, 2022
- **term end1**: January 20, 2025
- **predecessor1**: Eric Lander
- **successor1**: Michael Kratsios
- **office2**: Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- **president2**: Barack Obama
- **term start2**: July 30, 2012
- **term end2**: January 20, 2017
- **predecessor2**: Regina E. Dugan
- **successor2**: Steven Walker
- **office3**: Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
- **president3**: Bill Clinton
- **term start3**: 1993
- **term end3**: 1997
- **predecessor3**: John Lyons
- **successor3**: Raymond Kammer
- **birth place**: New Delhi, India
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Texas Tech University (Bachelor of Science, BS)
California Institute of Technology (Master of Science, MS, Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
Los Indios, Texas

**Los Indios** is a town in Cameron County, Texas in the United States. The population was 1,008 at the 2020 census. It is close to the Mexico–United States border and is called a border town because of it.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Los Indios, Texas
- **settlement type**: Town
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1913
- **image map**: Cameron County LosIndios.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Los Indios in Cameron County, Texas, Cameron County, Texas
- **pushpin map**: Texas#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Cameron County, Texas, Cameron
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 4.88
- **area land km2**: 4.86
- **area water km2**: 0.02
- **area total sq mi**: 1.88
- **area land sq mi**: 1.88
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 1008
- **population density km2**: 218.26
- **population density sq mi**: 565.33
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 17
- **elevation ft**: 56
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 78567
- **area code**: Area code 956, 956
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-44128
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1374728
Face the Promise

***Face the Promise*** is the sixteenth studio album by Bob Seger. The album was released on September 12, 2006.
Smile PreCure!

is a 2012 Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation and the ninth installment in Izumi Todo's _Pretty Cure_ franchise, featuring the seventh generation of Cures. The English version of the show is titled _Glitter Force_, and it was released as a Netflix original.

## Other websites

- (Toei Animation)
- Smile PreCure! at Netflix
- Anime official website at ABC / Asahi TV

## Infobox (animanga/header)

- **name**: Smile PreCure!
- **ja romaji**: Sumairu PuriKuya!
- **genre**: Magical girl
- **creator**: Izumi Todo


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: tv series
- **director**: Takashi Otsuka
- **producer**: Atsutoshi Umezawa
- **writer**: Shōji Yonemura
- **music**: Yasuharu Takanashi <small>(JP)</small>
Noam Kaniel (Noam) <small>(US)</small>
- **studio**: Toei Animation
- **network**: All-Nippon News Network, ANN (Asashi Broadcasting Coporation, ABC, TV Asashi)
- **first**: February 5, 2012
- **last**: January 27, 2013
- **episodes**: 48
40
- **episode list**: List of Smile PreCure episodes


## Infobox (animanga/footer)
Marshall County High School shooting

The **Marshall County High School massacre** was a shooting incident at Marshall County High School in Benton, Kentucky on January 23, 2018. As students were gathering in an open area prior to the start of classes, a 15-year old student opened fire on the gathered students, killing a 15-year old girl instantly, with a 15-year old boy dying at a nearby hospital. Seventeen others were injured.

## Reactions

Many state and federal politicians released statements about the incident. Kentucky Governor Matt Bevin was rushed to the scene in order to assess the situation personally and to give an on-site statement.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: Marshall County High School shooting
- **partof**: mass shootings in the United States
- **date**: January 23, 2018
- **time**: 7:57 AM
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, CST
- **location**: Draffenville, Kentucky, U.S.
This Is How We Roll

"**This Is How We Roll**" is a song recorded by American country music duo Florida Georgia Line as a duet with fellow country singer Luke Bryan. It is the fifth single from Florida Georgia Line's album Here's to the Good Times. It is only included on the 2013 This Is How We Roll rerelease. The duo's two members, Tyler Hubbard and Brian Kelley, co-wrote the song with Bryan and Cole Swindell.

## Review

In a review of the album's rerelease, Matt Bjorke of Roughstock wrote that it is a "song which is definitely well within the musical pocket each of the song’s writers have in their music and an obvious choice for single at some point. It’s another sing-a-long, small town love type of song but does that matter at this point, it’s a song that’s all about feeling good with people you love to be with."[1]

## Music video

The music video was directed by Marc Klasfeld and premiered in March 2014.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: This Is How We Roll
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Florida Georgia Line featuring Luke Bryan
- **album**: Here's to the Good Times, Here's to the Good Times... This Is How We Roll
- **recorded**: 2013
- **genre**: Country rap
- **label**: Republic Nashville
- **producer**: Joey Moi
- **chronology**: Florida Georgia Line
- **prev title**: The South (song), The South
- **prev year**: 2013
- **next title**: Dirt (song), Dirt
- **next year**: 2014
DokiDoki! PreCure

, is a Japanese anime series.

## Other websites

- at Netflix
- Toei Animation's DokiDoki!  PreCure site
- ABC's DokiDoki!  PreCure site

## Infobox (animanga/header)

- **name**: DokiDoki! PreCure
- **genre**: Magical girl
- **creator**: Izumi Todo


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: tv series
- **director**: Go Koga
- **producer**: Hiroaki Shibata
- **writer**: Ryota Yamaguchi
- **music**: Hiroshi Takaki <small>(JP)</small>
Noam Kaniel, Noam Kaniel (Noam) <small>(US)</small>
- **studio**: Toei Animation
- **network**: All-Nippons News Network, ANN, TV Asashi (Asashi Broadcasting Corporation, ABC)


## Infobox (animanga/footer)
Stan (service)

**Stan** (stylized as **Stan.**) is an Australian streaming service.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Stan Entertainment Pty Ltd
- **location**: Sydney, New South Wales
- **country**: Australia
- **predecessor**: StreamCo Media (2014)
- **area served**: Australia
- **services**: streaming media, Streaming service
- **revenue**: A$149.1 million (H1 FY2021)
- **international**: No
- **owner**: Nine Digital
- **parent**: Nine Entertainment
- **website type**: Over-the-top media services, OTT video streaming
- **registration**: Monthly subscription required to access content
- **users**: 2.3 million <small>(as of 4 May 2021)</small>
- **language**: English language, English
- **current status**: Active
Everything's Gonna Be Great

***Everything's Gonna Be Great*** () is a 1998 Turkish black comedy movie directed by Ömer Vargı and starring Cem Yılmaz, Mazhar Alanson, Ceyda Düvenci, Selim Naşit Özcan, Mustafa Uzunyılmaz, Adnan Tönel.
Anadolu Kartalları

***Anadolu Kartalları*** (Anatolian Eagles) is a 2011 Turkish romantic adventure drama movie directed by Ömer Vargı and starring Engin Altan Düzyatan, Çağatay Ulusoy, Özge Özpirinçci, Hande Subaşı, Ekin Türkmen.
The Thief of Bagdad (1940 movie)

***The Thief of Bagdad*** is a 1940 British American fantasy adventure movie directed by Alexander Korda, Zoltan Korda, Ludwig Berger, Michael Powell, Tim Whelan and starring Sabu, Conrad Veidt, John Justin, June Duprez, Rex Ingram, Miles Malleson, Hay Petrie. It was distributed by United Artists. The movie won three and was nominated for one Academy Awards in 1941.
Tsutako Nakasone

**Tsutako Nakasone** (30 October 1921  7 November 2012) is the wife of Yasuhiro Nakasone and mother of Hirofumi Nakasone.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tsutako Nakasone
- **image**: Tsutako Nakasone.jpg
- **birth place**: Japan
- **death place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **children**: Hirofumi Nakasone
June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake

An earthquake, about moment magnitude () 6.2, hit the Durand Line, between Afghanistan and Pakistan on 22 June 2022 at 02:24 Afghanistan Time (UTC+4:30).

The earthquake destroyed many houses in Afghanistan. It was felt in the southern parts of India and Pakistan's capital Islamabad and eastern Punjab province. At least 1000 people were killed and 1500 were injured.

## Related pages

- January 2022 Afghanistan earthquake

## Infobox (earthquake)

- **isc-event**: 624496986
- **image**: AfghanistanQuake.png
- **caption**: damage by earthquake
- **timestamp**: 2022-06-21 20:54:36
- **anss-url**: us7000hj3u
- **local-time**: 01:24:36 (UTC+04:30)
01:54:36 (UTC+05:00)
- **magnitude**: 6.2
- **type**: Strike-slip
- **casualties**: 1,163 killed, 6,027+ injured
- **aftershocks**: At least 30, largest is a 5.1
Peter Barter

**Sir Peter Leslie Charles Barter**,  (26 March 1940 – 21 June 2022) was an Australian-born Papua New Guinean businessman and politician. He owned and operated the Madang Resort. He was Governor of the Madang Province between 1997 until 2002. He was also an important person in Bougainville. He created the Melanesian Foundation in 1980. Barter was born in Sydney, Australia. He was knighted in 2001.

Barter died on 21 June 2022 at a hospital in Cairns, Australia from a short-illness, aged 82.
2022 Afghanistan earthquake

**2022 Afghanistan earthquake** may refer to:

- January 2022 Afghanistan earthquake
- June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake
Kayden Kross

**Kayden Kross** (born 1985) is an American pornographic actress and director.

She is a member of the AVN and XRCO Halls of Fame.

Kross has acted in the FX's comedy series _The League_, the G4 reality series _The Block_, and  _Family Jewels_.

She was named _Penthouse_ Pet of the Month for September 2008.

In 2008, she worked against a proposed tax in California on all producers and distributors of adult entertainment.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kayden Kross
- **image**: Kayden Kross 2015.jpg
- **caption**: Kross in 2015
- **partner**: Manuel Ferrara (2012–present)
- **children**: 1
- **alias**: Jenna Nikol, Jenna Nickol, Kayden Cross
Manuel Ferrara

**Manuel Jeannin** (; born 1 November 1975), known professionally as **Manuel Ferrara**, is a French-American pornographic actor and director. He was born in Le Raincy, France. He is one of the best known pornographic actors. Ferrara has won over 64 adult industry awards. His career began in 1997.

Ferrara became close with pornographic actor Rocco Siffredi, who helped him get a role in his first American porno _Fashionistas_. He later appeared in _Snoop Dogg's Hustlaz: Diary of a Pimp_.

In 2012, he began a relationship with pornographic actress Kayden Kross. They have one daughter. He was married to actress Dana Vespoli from 2005 and they divorced in 2012. They had three children.
Dana Vespoli

**Dana Vespoli** is an American pornographic actress and movie director.

Vespoli began performing at age 31 as a stripper. She began her pornographic career in 2003.

In April 2006, Vespoli began directing for Digital Sin. Her directing work has focused mainly on lesbian scenes.

In 2011, _Complex_ named her thirteenth on their list of "The Top 50 Hottest Asian Porn Stars of All Time". Vespoli entered the AVN Hall of Fame in 2016.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dana Vespoli
- **image**: Dana Vespoli 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Vespoli at the 2014 AVN Awards
- **birth place**: San Francisco, California, United States, U.S.
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: Mills College
Edgar Wallace

**Richard Horatio Edgar Wallace** (1 April 1875 – 10 February 1932) was a British writer. He was a war correspondent during the Second Boer War, for Reuters and the _Daily Mail_. He wrote _The Four Just Men_ (1905).

He ran for Liberal MP for Blackpool in the 1931 general election. After losing the election, Wallace moved to Hollywood, where he worked as a script writer for RKO. There he created King Kong.

He died suddenly from diabetes while writing the draft screenplay for _King Kong_ (1933).

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Richard Horatio Edgar Wallace
- **image**: Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13109, Edgar Wallace.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Edgar Wallace (1928)
- **birth place**: Greenwich, Kent, England, United Kingdom, U.K.
- **death place**: Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
- **spouse**:

- **known for**: Creation of King Kong
- **occupation**: Crime writer, war correspondent, journalist, novelist, screenwriter, and playwright
- **nationality**: British
GeoGuessr

***Geoguessr*** is a browser game about geography. Players guess places from street view pictures. It was released in May 2013. The game has been called a great geographical educational tool. With this game, players learn specific things to help them guess the places they are given such as writings, soil types, and flora.

The game requires a paid subcription but players are given 1 free game a day thats only 3 rounds.
Dorus Elten

**Dorus Elten** was a Dutch boxer. He competed in the heavyweight and light heavyweight category. He competed at international competitions and fought between 1936 and 1950.

Elten made his debut on 19 October 1936 in Rotterdam against Albert Pralle and won (KO). During his career he had 68 fights, winning 22 of them (41 losses, 5 draws).

Elten was multiple times Dutch national champion between 1939 and 1948, including winning a March on the national title in December 1939 beating title holder Harry Staal, 1943 beating Rienus de Boer and in  1944 beating Rienus de Boer.

## Other websites

- Dutch newspaper articles — via Delpher
- 1943 news video Elten vs. Rienus de Boer

## Infobox (boxer)

- **name**: Dorus Elten
- **weight**: heavyweight (boxing), heavyweight
light heavyweight (boxing), light heavyweight
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **total**: 68
- **wins**: 22
- **losses**: 41
- **draws**: 5
Piet van der Veer

**Piet van der Veer** (20 October 1896 — 3 December 1948) was a Dutch boxer from Rotterdam. He competed in the heavyweight category. He competed at international competitions and fought between 1918 and 1930. In 1962 he was described as the best Dutch heavyweight boxer ever. It has been stated that Van der Veer had feelings of inferiority and that was he was mentally unable during matches to get everything out of himself.

## Career

Van der Veer made his debut on 23 November 1918 in Rotterdam against A. Lamberts and won (KO). During his career he had 55 fights, winning 34 of them (12 losses, 7 draws). Van der Veer was a strong person, and was strong enough to lift a horse and turn the horse around. Van der Veer became for the first time national champion in 1920 and became many times champion until 1926. He had good fights in international matches and got a lot of attention. Van der Veer was even invited to come to the United States, but didn't go. Van der Veer had learned a lot of boxer Battling Siki during his stay in the Netherlands. Van der Veen fought twice against European Champion Erminio Spalla but lost both times on points after 20 rounds of 3 minutes. The defeat had a negative impact on his career. He started training less and his fears increased. During a fight in 1926 against Riccardo Bertazzolo, his heart started to hurt and was stopped by the doctor from fighting. After the fight against Belgian Pierre Charles in July 1930 he deciced to retire from boxing.

## Personal life

Van der Veen worked as a blacksmith at a brewery in Rotterdam. In his last years he struggled with health problems. He died on 3 December 1948 in Rotterdam at the age of 52.

## Other websites

- Dutch newspaper articles — via Delpher

## Infobox (boxer)

- **name**: Piet van der Veer
- **image**: Piet van der Veer (1921).jpg
- **caption**: Piet van der Veer in 1921
- **weight**: heavyweight (boxing), heavyweight
- **height**: 191 cm
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **death place**: Rotterdam, Netherlands
- **total**: 55
- **wins**: 34
- **losses**: 12
- **draws**: 7
Sphaenorhynchus planicola

The **Rio lime tree frog** (_Sphaenorhynchus planicola_) is a frog. It lives in Brazil.  Scientists have seen not high above sea level near Rio de Janiero.
Silent Trigger

***Silent Trigger*** is a 1996 Canadian American British Italian action thriller movie directed by Russell Mulcahy and starring Dolph Lundgren, Gina Bellman, Conrad Dunn, Christopher Heyerdahl, Dean Harris. It was distributed by Buena Vista..
I Come in Peace

***I Come in Peace*** (released under the alternative title ***Dark Angel***) is a 1990 American science fiction action movie directed by Craig R. Baxley and starring Dolph Lundgren, Brian Benben, Betsy Brantley, Matthias Hues, David Ackroyd.
From Hell letter

**The "From Hell" letter** is the name given to a letter mailed in 1888 by a man who claimed to be the killer known as Jack the Ripper.

Many letters that were claimed to be from the killer were mailed in the time of the Ripper murders. But the "From Hell" letter is thought as one of the few writings from the serial killer. It should be noted that its author chose not to sign it with the pseudonym, "Jack the Ripper", distinguishing it from the earlier Dear Boss letter, the Saucy Jack postcard and their imitators.  Also, the "From Hell" letter is written at a much lower literacy level than the other two. It is argued that a person with little or no education would spell words based on what they sound like and as the 'k' in knife is silent, an uneducated man would not likely know that the 'k' was there at all.

Postmarked on 15 October 1888, the letter was received by George Lusk, then head of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee, the following day.

The reason this letter stands out more than any other is that it was delivered with a small box containing a human kidney, preserved in alcohol. One of Catherine Eddowes' kidneys had been removed by the killer. Medical opinion at the time was split on whether the kidney was likely to have been the same as the one taken from Eddowes. Some officials thought the organ could have been acquired by medical students and sent with the letter as part of a hoax.

## Texts

The text of the letter reads:

## Loss of letter

The original letter, as well as the kidney with it, have been lost along with other items that were originally contained within the Ripper police files. It is possible that one or both was kept by an official as a souvenir of the case. The image shown here is from a photograph taken before the loss of the letter.

## Related pages

- _From Hell_, a graphic novel, which takes its title from the "From Hell" letter.
- _From Hell_, a film based on the graphic novel.

## References

- Casebook: Jack the Ripper article on the Ripper letters
- _Jack the Ripper: Letters From Hell_, by Stewart Evans and Keith Skinner, Sutton Publishing, 2001, ISBN 0-7509-2549-3
Columbine effect

The **Columbine effect** is the legacy and impact of the 1999 Columbine High School massacre and the shooters Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold.

The shooting has inspired several copycat crimes. Many killers took inspiration from Harris and Klebold, for example Vladislav Roslyakov the perpetrator of the Kerch Polytechnic College massacre or Brian Draper and Torey Adamcik, the perpetrators of the murder of Cassie Jo Stoddart. Some killers described them as heroes, martyrs or icons.
Glottolog

**Glottolog** is the database of all languages in the world.

## Examples

- stan1288 - Spanish
- stan1289 - Catalan
- stan1290 - French
- stan1293 - English
- stan1295 - German
- stan1306 - Malay
- stan1318 - Arabic
Linguasphere Observatory

The **Linguasphere Observatory** is the observatory which is responsible for maintaining the Linguasphere database.
Jack Humbeeck

**Jack Humbeeck** also written as **Jaak van Humbeeck** (born 5 June 1904) was a Belgian boxer. He competed in the heavyweight category. He competed at international competitions and fought between 1921 and 1933.

Humbeeck made his debut on 20 May 1921 in Antwerp against Boudinon and won. During his career he had 105 fights, winning 42 of them (50 losses, 13 draws). Humbeeck became for the first time national champion in 1922 and became it many times more until 1927. In 1923 won the European title.

## Other websites

- Dutch newspaper articles — via Delpher

## Infobox (boxer)

- **name**: Jack Humbeeck
- **image**: Jack Humbeeck (1927).jpg
- **caption**: Jack Humbeeck in 1927
- **weight**: heavyweight (boxing), heavyweight
- **height**: 186 cm
- **nationality**: Belgian
- **total**: 105
- **wins**: 42
- **losses**: 50
- **draws**: 13
Siege of Cēsis Castle (1577)

The siege of Cēsis Castle in 1577 was a part of Ivan the Terrible's campaign to conquer Old Livonia.

## Explosion

Cēsis Castle was guarded by the Polish troops being one of region's most important fortresses.

Based on Laurentius Müller, the castle had only a few hundred people. Most of them were women and children while the Muscovites had thousands of men, with the heaviest of weapons. Having knowledge of the Muscovite ruler's brutality to his prisoner, townsmen of Cēsis sought shelter and refuge inside the castle.

After the five-days-long shelling cracks and holes caused by the heavy artillery of the Muscovites, the castle was extremely damaged and the  cesis castle was in serious danger along with the people in it. The townsmen of Cēsis however decide not to give themself up but rather decided to blow themselves up with gunpowder.

## Literature

Salomon Henning's _Chronicle of Livonia and Courland_ gives the most touching description of the mass suicide:> One should have seen this sorrow beyond all sorrow as the good people knelt in the room beneath which the gunpowder had been placed. Man and wife held each others' hands, children gathered around their parents, some still nursing at their mothers' breasts, all awaiting blessed St. Simeon's hour. Nor, as the Muscovite soon hereafter began to storm and invade the castle, was it long delayed. The gunpowder was ignited and all were blown up, aside from those who had hidden elsewhere in the castle...
Storm cellar

**Storm cellars** are underground structures that are either located below buildings, or are built underground near houses or other such buildings. They are reinforced structures into which residents can go for protection from a strong wind storm. They are common in areas that often have tornadoes and hurricanes.

## In houses

A typical storm cellar for a single family would be built nearby the home. It might have a floor area of eight by twelve feet, (2.5 x 3.5 m) and an arched roof like that of a quonset hut—but it would be entirely underground. In most cases the entire structure would be built of blocks faced with cement and rebar through the bricks for protection from the storm doing this makes it almost impossible for the bricks to fall apart. New ones sometimes are made of septic tanks that have been modified with a steel door and vents. Most storm cellars would be reached by a covered stairwell. At the opposite end of the structure there would be conduits for air that would reach the surface, and perhaps a small window to serve as an emergency exit and also to provide some light.

## Additional uses

A storm cellar may also be used to store canned goods for emergencies or for a long period of time.

## Further reading

The Secure Home, Joel Skousen, Swift Learning Resources; 3rd ed, 1999 (ISBN 1-56861-055-6)

## Related pages

- Storm door
- Storm drain
- Storm room
- Storm windows
- Tornado
- Tornado Alley
Leon Gerards

**Leon Gerards** is a former amateur Dutch boxer from Maastricht. Gerards became multiple time national champion, including in 1958 1962, and 1963. Gerards was a member of the Dutch national team, representing the Netherlands at international competitions in the 1950s and 1960s.

Gerards was trained by Pie Lenaerts. In 1962 he received offers in the Netherlands and Germany to become a professional boxer, but on advise of his trainer, Gerards didn't accept the offers.

## Other websites

- Dutch newspaper articles — via Delpher

## Infobox (boxer)

- **name**: Leon Gerards
- **weight**: heavyweight (boxing), heavyweight
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **total**: 95 (as of 20 October 1962)
Callirhytis seminator

***Callirhytis seminator***, the **wool sower gall wasp**, is a gall wasp in the family Cynipidae.  It is named after the puffy, white gall it makes on trees.

The adult wasps are about 1/8" in long.  They are dark brown in color. The larvae (grubs) are white and fat and have no legs.

The wasps only lay eggs on white oak trees and only in the spring.  They lay the egg in a gall, a round, white structure.  It later changes color.  The larvae live and grow inside the gall.  People who open up the galls to look at them see things that look like seeds.  They are not seeds.  They are hard plant material.  They protect the larvae.

Gall wasps have a two-generation system.  This means that one set of parents makes children that look different from themselves.  Then those children make children that look like the parents.  That means grandparents and grandchildren look like each other, but parents and children do not.  Among gall wasps, one generation makes stem galls, and second makes leaf galls.  Scientists do not know what the alternate wool sower wasp gall looks like.

The wasps do not sting humans. They do not hurt the white oak trees.
Delivery (commerce)

**Delivery** is the process of transporting goods.

## Methods

Most goods are delivered through a transportation network. Cargo (physical goods) are delivered via roads and railroads on land, shipping lanes on the sea and airline networks in the air. Some goods may be delivered via other networks, such as:
- pipelines for liquid goods
- power grids for electrical power
- computer networks such as the Internet
- broadcast networks for electronic information

## Related pages

- Transport
Thomas Hardwicke

Major-General **Thomas Hardwicke** (1756 – 3 March 1835) was an English soldier and naturalist. He was in India from 1777 to 1823. He collected many specimens of natural history and had them painted by Indian artists. From these paintings many new species were described. Several of these species are named after him. On returning to England he collaborated with the zoologist John Edward Gray to publish _Illustrations of Indian Zoology_ (1830–1835).
George Cook

**George Cook** (23 January 1898 — 8 October 1943) was an Australian boxer. He competed in the heavyweight category. He competed at international competitions and fought between 1916 and 1938.

Cook made his debut on 17 July 1916 in Sydney against Jim Tracey and lost on points. During his globe trotting career he had 106 fights, winning 43 of them (50 losses, 10 draws). He became multiple times Australian champion, Commonwealth champion and Billed for British Overseas Dominions champion.

Cook married in, or before, 1922.

## Infobox (boxer)

- **name**: George Cook
- **image**: Bits & Pieces - BP114 - Boxers' training - EYE FLM7632 - OB 105690.ogv
- **weight**: heavyweight (boxing), heavyweight
- **height**: 175 cm
- **nationality**: Australian
- **birth place**: Cobbora, New South Wales, Australia
- **boxrec**: 017603
- **total**: 106
- **wins**: 43
- **losses**: 50
- **draws**: 10
Morgan Wallen

**Morgan Wallen** (born May 13, 1993) is an American country musician and singer signed to Big Loud Records.

He has had a number one song on the Hot Country Songs chart, as late as 2025. His first number one song was in 2017, on the Country Airplay chart. He sings to a diverse audiences allowing his music to resonate beyond not just country audiences. He blends genres such as rock, hip-hop, and, most importantly, country. Wallen steps outside of traditional country sounds by mixing with familiar rap artists, such as "Lil Durk" and "Diplo". He focuses on universal experiences and relatable themes, including heartbreak, small town life, growing up, partying, and other common life experiences. His presence with his audiences and on social media has helped him engage and connect with younger and more diverse audiences that don't typically listen to country music.

## Early life

Wallen was born in Sneedville, Tennessee. His father was a preacher. As a child, Wallen took piano and violin lessons. He played baseball in college but after an injury, he chose to pursue music instead. In 2014, he competed in season 6 of The Voice where he was eliminated.

## Career

In late 2016, Wallen signed to Big Loud Records, a label owned by record producer Joey Moi. He released his first single "The Way I Talk" soon after. In addition, he co-wrote the A Thousand Horses single "Preachin' to the Choir". In April 2017, Wallen released a music video for "The Way I Talk". He also joined Florida Georgia Line for set dates on their _Dig Your Roots Tour_.

On April 27, 2018, Wallen released his first album, _If I Know Me_. The single from the album, "Up Down", was recorded with Florida Georgia Line. According to Wallen, he and Florida Georgia Line got together as they knew each other, and when FGL heard the single, they became interested in a collaboration. The album's third single "Whiskey Glasses" released to country radio on July 30, 2018.

### Albums

- _If I Know Me_ (2018)
- _Dangerous: The Double Album_ (2021)
- _One Thing at a Time_ (2023)
- _I'm the Problem_ (2025)

### Singles

- "I Had Some Help" (Post Malone featuring Morgan Wallen; year 2024)

- "I Ain't Comin' Back" (with Post Malone; year 2025); #1 on Official New Zealand Music Chart

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: Morgan Wallen.jpg
- **caption**: Wallen performing in 2018
- **birth place**: Sneedville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **origin**: Corryton, Tennessee, U.S.
- **years active**: 2014–present
HappinessCharge PreCure!

, also called ***HappinessCharge Pretty Cure!*** or **Happiness Charge PC** is a 2014 Japanese magical girl anime series by Toei Animation and the eleventh installment of the Pretty Cure franchise.

## Other websites

- Official website at Toei Animation
- Official website at Asahi Broadcasting Corporation

## Infobox (animanga/header)

- **name**: HappinessCharge PreCure!
- **genre**: Magical girl
- **creator**: Izumi Todo


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: tv series
- **director**: Tatsuya Nagamire
- **producer**: Shigehaki Dohi
Tomoko Takahashi
Hiroaki Shibata
- **writer**: Yoshimi Narita
- **music**: Hiroshi Takaki
- **studio**: Toei Company, Toei Animation
- **network**: All-Nippon News Network, ANN, TV Asashi (Asahi Broadcasting Corporation, ABC)
- **first**: February 2, 2014
- **last**: January 25, 2015
- **episodes**: 49
- **episode list**: List of Happiness PreCure episodes


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: manga
- **author**: Izumi Todo
- **illustrator**: Futago Kamikita
- **publisher**: Kodansha
- **demographic**: _Shōjo manga, Shōjo_
- **magazine**: Nakayoshi
- **first**: March 2014
- **last**: February 2015


## Infobox (animanga/game)

- **title**: HappinessCharge PreCure! Kawarun Collection
- **developer**: Bandai Namco Games
- **publisher**: Bandai Namco Games
- **genre**: Minigame
- **platforms**: Nintendo 3DS
- **released**: July 31, 2014


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: film
- **title**: HappinessCharge PreCure! the Movie: The Ballerina of the Land of Dolls
- **director**: Chiaki Kon
- **studio**: Toei Animation
- **released**: October 11, 2014
- **runtime**: 71 minutes


## Infobox (animanga/footer)
Melody (singer)

**Gabriella Abreu Severino** also known as **Melody** (born February 4, 2007) is a Brazilian singer and songwriter, Melody became known for her falsetto.

Melody has won national notoriety in early of 2015, after posting a video on her Facebook page singing the song "Fale de Mim", a song written by her father, Belinho. In a next video, she tried to do a falsetto by Christina Aguilera that went viral. Soon after, she made another video doing falsetto, this time with a friend of her father's.
Melody is considered one of the most influential Brazilian children on the internet.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Melody
- **image**: Melody in July 2022 (01).png
- **caption**: Melody in 2022
- **birth name**: Gabriella Abreu Severino
- **birth place**: Sao Paulo, Brazil
- **years active**: 2015–present
Timberview High School shooting

The **Timberview High School shooting** occurred on October 6, 2021 in  Arlington, Texas, United States, Shooter Timothy George Simpkins opened fire shooting at 3 people, including a student being left in critical condition, a teacher that attempted to intervene and a second student injured by ricochet. Another teacher was injured while running. The shooter, who has been identified as an 18-year-old male named Timothy George Simpkins, fled after the shooting. Simpkins faces three counts of assault with a deadly weapon, three counts of attempted murder and one count of unlawful possession of a firearm in a prohibited place.

On July 24 2023, Timothy Simpkins was sentenced to 12 years in prison and was given a $6000 dollar fine.

## Shooting

The shooting occurred during Timberview’s 2nd Period At 9:15 AM, an unknown student known by the name “Zacchaeus Selby” got into an altercation with shooter Timothy George Simpkins. Then it escalated into a fight in the middle of the classroom. After several minutes of fighting Timothy Simpkins pulled out his firearm and started firing his gun injuring 3 people, in which one was left in critical condition, After the shooting Simpkins fled from the shooting turning himself in the same day of the shooting, He faces three counts of assault with a deadly weapon, three counts of attempted murder and one count of unlawful carrying of a weapon in a prohibited place.

## Perpetrator

Timothy George Simpkins suspect, an 18-year-old African American
student, fled the scene and is at large, authorities said.

Three people were injured in a shooting at Mansfield Timberview High School in Arlington, Texas.

## Victim

Zacchaeus Selby was one of four people injured in the shooting that took place Oct. 6 at the Mansfield ISD school. The other victims include a teacher who was released from the hospital Oct. 12, and a teenage girl and an adult who were treated for injuries the day of the shooting.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **location**: Arlington, Texas, United States
- **date**: October 6, 2021
- **time-begin**: 9.15 a.m.
- **time-end**: 9.20 a.m.
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EDT
- **target**: 1 student at Timberview High School
- **type**: Attempted Murder, School shooting
- **perpetrator**: Timothy Simpkins
- **weapons**: 1 Glock 21 .45 ACP pistol
- **motive**: Unknown
- **charges**: Attempted murder
- **injuries**: 3


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Timothy Simpkins
- **birth name**: Timothy George Simpkins (18 years old)
- **disappeared status**: Fugitive
- **nationality**: African American
- **education**: Timberview High School
- **occupation**: Student
- **known for**: Shooter of Timberview High School shooting
- **criminal charges**: Assault with a deadly weapon,
Frank Borrington

**Frank Borrington** also known as **The Borrington Bomber** (1909 — 22 August 1989) was a professional British boxer from Derby. He competed in the heavyweight category between 1931 and 1937. He was heavy weight champion of the Midlands.

Borrington made his debut on 28 October 1931 in Derby against George Frost. During his career he had 63 fights (or 72 ), winning 24 of them (34 losses, 5 draws).

In 1934, Borrington went knock out in the first round after 83 seconds in a match against Jack Doyle. In October 1934 it was mentioned in the newspaper that of his last 28 matches he 17 of them won with a knock out. Most of his fights were in the United Kingdom, but he also went to Rotterdam in the Netherlands to fight against Harry Staal.

## Other websites

- Newspaper articles — via Youtube

## Infobox (boxer)

- **name**: Frank Borrington
- **nickname**: The Borrington Bomber
- **weight**: heavyweight (boxing), heavyweight (96 kg)
- **height**: 191 cm
- **nationality**: British (or Irish)
- **total**: 63 (or 72 )
- **wins**: 24
- **losses**: 34
- **draws**: 5
Cobden, Minnesota

**Cobden** is a city in Brown County, Minnesota, United States.
Evan, Minnesota

**Evan** is a city in Brown County, Minnesota, United States.
Hanska, Minnesota

**Hanska** is a city in Brown County, Minnesota, United States.
Sleepy Eye, Minnesota

**Sleepy Eye** is a city in Brown County, Minnesota, United States.
Break My Soul

"**Break My Soul**" (written in all capital letters) is a 2022 song by American singer Beyoncé.  The song was released June 20, 2022. It is the lead single from her seventh studio album, _Renaissance_ (2022).  The song samples the 1992 house song "Show Me Love" by Robin S, which was written by Allen George and Fred McFarlane, with background vocals from New Orleans bounce rapper Big Freedia and a sample of Freedia's song "Explode". "Break My Soul" was co-produced by Beyoncé, The-Dream, and Tricky Stewart.

Julianne Escobedo Shepherd of _Pitchfork_ said the song shows "Beyoncé as an SSRI [antidepressant]" and that Beyoncé is "acknowledging the predicament in which many of her non-zillionaire listeners find themselves."

On August 8, 2022, _Billboard_ announced that "Break My Soul" was at the top of the Hot 100 for the week ending August 13.  It is Beyoncé's eighth US solo chart-topper (twelfth when counted as a member of Destiny's Child). The song spent two weeks at number one.

## Remix

A remix with Madonna, taking samples from Madonna's "Vogue" (1990), was released August 6, 2022, and titled the "Queens Remix". In the bridge of the Queens Remix, Beyoncé name-drops Black female entertainers such as Jill Scott, Lizzo, Rihanna, Whitney Houston, Grace Jones, and Nicki Minaj.

### Weekly charts

|Chart (2022)|Peak position|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left|Australia (ARIA)|align=center|6|
|align=left|Bulgaria|align=center|23|
|align=left|Canada (Canadian Hot 100)|align=center|4|
|align=left|Canada CHR/Top 40 (_Billboard_)|align=center|12|
|align=left|Ireland (IRMA)|align=center|1|
|align=left|US _Billboard_ Hot 100|align=center|1|
|align=left|US Mainstream Top 40 (_Billboard_)|align=center|8|
|align=left|US Rhythmic (_Billboard_)|align=center|2|
|align=left|US Hot R&B-Hip/Hop Songs (_Billboard_)|align=center|1|
|align=left|US R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay|align=center|3|

### Year-end charts

|Chart (2022)|Position|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left|US _Billboard_ Hot 100|align=center|38|

## Awards and nominations

|Ceremony|Category|Result||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="4"|65th (2023)|Best Dance/Electronic Recording||
|Song of the Year||||
|Record of the Year||||
|Best Remixed Recording _Terry Hunter Remix_||||

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Break My Soul
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Beyoncé
- **album**: Renaissance (Beyoncé album), Renaissance
- **length**: 4:39
- **prev title**: Be Alive
- **prev year**: 2021
- **title**: Break My Soul
- **year**: 2022
- **next title**: Cuff It
- **next year**: 2022
Harry Staal

**Harry Staal** (born 10 February 1909) was a Dutch professional boxer. He competed in the heavyweight category. He competed internationally and fought between 1932 and 1947.

Staal made his debut on 7 November 1932 in Rotterdam against Belgian Louis Wilms and won (KO). During his career he had 69 fights, winning 32 of them (30 losses, 6 draws).

Staal fought among others against Belgian Pierre Charles, German Kurt Hayman, Canadian Larry Gains, Canadian Al Delaney, Irish Jack Doyle, Swedish Anne Anderson, British Jack Petiffer and British Midlands champion Frank Borrington.

Staal became national champion in 1937 and 1939.

During World War II Staal and his Jewish girlfriend were arrested by and taken to Amersfoort concentration camp. His manager Theo Huizenaar, who had his own boxing location, was able to release Staal. Huizenaar requested that he needed Staal for a boxing fight. Pressured by German boxing promotor Walter Englert, the Germans let Staal go but not his girlfriend.

## Other websites

- Dutch newspaper articles — via Delpher

## Infobox (boxer)

- **name**: Harry Staal
- **weight**: heavyweight (boxing), heavyweight
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **total**: 69
- **wins**: 32
- **losses**: 30
- **draws**: 6
Dark City (1950 movie)

***Dark City*** is a 1950 American crime drama movie directed by William Dieterle and was based on the story _No Escape_ by Larry Marcus. It stars Charlton Heston, Lizabeth Scott, Dean Jagger, Ed Begley, Harry Morgan, Jack Webb, Viveca Lindfors and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.