juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Emmaste-Selja

**Selja** is a village in Emmaste Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Selja
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Emmaste Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Border Collie

The **Border Collie** is a breed of dog that originated along the English-Scottish border. People have used border collies to herd livestock for over 300 years. They are one of the most intelligent dog breeds.

Border collies are also well known as pets and show dogs. The breed is a member of the collie dog breed group.

## Size

The border collie is about 20 inches (51 cm) in height and weighs 31 to 50 pounds (14 to 23 kg). It is usually a long-haired dog. Its coat is often black and white.

## Temperament

Like other herding and sheepdogs, border collies can be fiercely protective of their territory and their owners. This instinct to protect their family makes them ideal guard dogs. If a border collie notices anything new, they alert the family by barking loudly.

## Exercise

Exercise is one of the most important parts of caring for a border collie. Over a hundred years, people have bred herding dogs to provide them with intelligence, agility, and a high energy level to perform a job (wrangling sheep).

Now, most border collies don't have to do this job. This leaves them with high amounts of energy. They are not recommended for pet owners, who may be unable to provide their dogs with high enough amounts of exercise.
Ala, Hiiu County

**Ala** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ala
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Aruküla, Hiiu County

**Aruküla** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Aruküla
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Hagaste

**Hagaste** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hagaste
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Pühalepa-Harju

**Harju** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Harju
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Hausma

**Hausma** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hausma
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Pyrolusite

**Pyrolusite** is the natural form (ore) of manganese dioxide. Its hardness is about 5 on the Mohs scale. It is used in batteries, although many batteries use artificial manganese dioxide. It is an oxide mineral.

## Related pages

- Manganese(II) oxide
- Manganese
- Oxide
Manganese(II) oxide

**Manganese(II) oxide** is a chemical compound. It contains manganese in its +2 oxidation state. Its chemical formula is MnO. It is made by reduction of manganese(IV) oxide by hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or methane. It is also made by heating manganese carbonate.

## Related pages

- Manganese
- Manganese dioxide
- Iron(II) oxide
Manganese carbonate

**Manganese carbonate**, also known as **manganese(II) carbonate**, is a chemical compound. It is a brownish powder with a chemical formula of MnCO<sub>3</sub>. It can be heated to produce manganese(II) oxide and carbon dioxide. It is made by reacting a soluble manganese compound such as manganese(II) chloride with sodium carbonate.

## Related pages

- Manganese
- Manganese(IV) oxide
- Potassium carbonate
Manganese(II) chloride

**Manganese(II) chloride** is a chemical compound. It has a chemical formula of MnCl<sub>2</sub>. It is a light pink crystalline solid. It is used to make manganese carbonate and manganese(II) oxide. It is made by reacting manganese with hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride. It is also made when manganese(IV) oxide is reacted with hydrochloric acid; this reaction also produces chlorine.

## Related pages

- Manganese
- Iron(II) oxide
- Iron(II) chloride
Manganese oxide

**Manganese oxide** can refer to either of the following compounds:

- Manganese(II) oxide, pink-brown
- Manganese(III) oxide, black
- Manganese(IV) oxide, black
- Manganese(VII) oxide, dark red or dark green oil
Minardi

**Minardi** was an automobile racing team and constructor. It was founded in 1979 by Giancarlo Minardi. It competed in the Formula One World Championship from 1985 until 2005. The team was headquartered in Faenza, Italy. They had little success, but acquiring a loyal group of fans. In 2001 the team was nearly out of money, and was about to shut down. To save the team Mr. Minardi sold it to Australian businessman Paul Stoddart. Stoddart ran the team for five years. Then Stoddart sold the team to the energy drink company Red Bull in 2005. Red Bull renamed the team Scuderia Toro Rosso.

During its time in F1, the team scored a total of 38 championship points. 16 earned by the team's first driver, Pierluigi Martini. Martini also recorded the team's only front row start, 2nd at the  United States Grand Prix. Martini led a lap in the  Portuguese Grand Prix. The team never achieved a podium (top 3) finish. The best finishing position they managed was 4th place. Martini finished 4th twice in  and Christian Fittipaldi in .

## Infobox (former f1 team)

- **short name**: Minardi
- **long name**: Minardi F1 Team
- **base**: Faenza, Italy
- **founders**: Giancarlo Minardi
- **staff**: Paul Stoddart
- **drivers**: Pierluigi Martini
Mark Webber
Fernando Alonso
Giancarlo Fisichella
Andrea de Cesaris
Zsolt Baumgartner
- **engines**: Motori Moderni, Ford Motor Company, Ford, Scuderia Ferrari, Ferrari, Lamborghini, Hart (racing), Hart, Fondmetal, European Aviation Air Charter, European, Asiatech, Cosworth
- **debut**: Brazilian Grand Prix
- **races**: 345
- **cons champ**: 0
- **drivers champ**: 0
- **wins**: 0
- **poles**: 0
- **fastest laps**: 0
- **points**: 38
- **last race**: Chinese Grand Prix
- **logo**:
Samuel Reshevsky

**Samuel Reshevsky** (Szmul Rzeszewski, near Łódź, 26 November 1911 – New York, 4 April 1992) was a Polish-American chess Grandmaster.

Sammy was a famous chess prodigy, and later a leading American chess Grandmaster. He was a contender for the World Chess Championship from about 1935 to the mid-1960s. He came equal third in the World Chess Championship 1948 tournament, and equal second in the 1953 Candidates Tournament. He was also an eight-time winner of the U.S. Chess Championship.

He was the greatest American player in the long period between Pillsbury (d.1906) and Fischer. Sammy was an Orthodox Jew, and did not play on the Jewish Sabbath: his tournament games were re-arranged. He was a regular top board for the USA at Chess Olympiads. He played in eight Olympiads, helping the U.S. team to win the gold in 1937.<sup>p335</sup>

Sammy was tremendously strong in matches, and the Soviets made sure he never got the chance to play Botvinnik in a match. He played eleven of the first twelve world champions, and drew a match against Fischer at the age of 49. His one weakness as a player was his time trouble. He used up so much of his time in the early stages of a game that he was often short of time at the end. This probably cost him the Candidates tournament in 1953.

Reshevsky was not a full-time chess player. He was a qualified accountant.

- Reshevsky, Samuel [and Fred Reinfeld] 1948. _Reshevsky on chess_. [aka _Reshevsky's best games of chess_, Dover.] Chess Review, N.Y.
- Reshevsky, Samuel [and Fred Reinfeld] 1962. _How chess games are won_. Pitman, N.Y & London.
- Gordon, Stephen W. _Samuel Reshevsky: a compendium of 1768 games_. McFarland, Jefferson NC. Some annotated by Soviet grandmasters.

## Infobox (chess player)

- **playername**: Sammy Reshevsky
- **image**: Samuel Reshevsky 1968.jpg
- **caption**: Samuel Reshevsky in 1968
- **birthname**: Samuel Herman Reshevsky
- **placebirth**: Poland
- **placedeath**: New York City, New York
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster
- **peakrating**: 2565 (July 1972)
Heltermaa

**Heltermaa** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Heltermaa
- **settlement type**: Village
- **image skyline**: HeltermaaHiiumaa071612.jpg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Hiiessaare

**Hiiessaare** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hiiessaare
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Hilleste

**Hilleste** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hilleste
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Kõlunõmme

**Kõlunõmme** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Kõlunõmme
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Kukka

**Kukka** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Kukka
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Leerimetsa

**Leerimetsa** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Leerimetsa
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Linnumäe

**Linnumäe** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Linnumäe
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Lõbembe

**Lõbembe** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lõbembe
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Palade

**Palade** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Palade
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Suuresadama

**Suuresadama** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Suuresadama
- **settlement type**: Village
- **image skyline**: Baltic coast near Suuresadama, July 2009.jpg
- **image caption**: The coast of Suuresadama
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Nõmba

**Nõmba** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia. It is in the middle of a forest. Many of the old buildings have thatched roofs, which have been restored. There used to be seven windmills in the village in the early 1900s, but these have all been pulled down.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Nõmba
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Bull Terrier

The **Bull Terrier** is a breed of dog that originated in 19th-century England from a mixture of other dogs. They were first used as fighting dogs.

Bull terriers have a short coat, small triangular eyes and an egg shaped head. They are about 21–22 inches (53–56 cm) in height and weigh about 50–60 pounds (23–27 kg). Bull terriers are very strong for their size.

## Related pages

- Bulldog

## Infobox (dog breed)

- **image**: Bullterrier-3453301920.jpg
- **name**: Bull Terrier
- **altname**: *English Bull Terrier
*Bully
- **country**: England
- **maleweight**: No limits
- **femaleweight**: No limits
- **maleheight**: No limits
- **femaleheight**: No limits
- **coat**: Short, dense
- **colour**: White, brindle, fawn, red, red smut, black, and tricolor (black, red, and white mixture).
- **life span**: 10–14 years
- **kc name**: The Kennel Club
- **kc std**: https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/services/public/breed/standard.aspx?id=3063
- **fcistd**: http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/011g03-en.pdf
Bullmastiff

The **Bullmastiff** is a breed of dog. It started in 19th-century England. It is a mixture of a bulldog and a mastiff. It has a short tan, reddish-brown coat with black on the face and ears.

## Appearance

It stands  and weighs . Bullmastiffs were originally used to discourage poaching and are now also used by police and as guard dogs.
Partsi

**Partsi** is a village in Pühalepa Parish, Hiiu County in northwestern Estonia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Partsi
- **settlement type**: Village
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**: Hiiu County
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Pühalepa Parish
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
Chow Chow

The **Chow Chow** is a breed of dog that originated in China and is believed to be one of the oldest dog breed. It has a large head, a curly tail and a blue tongue. It has a thick coat of fur and can be either rough or smooth. Most Chow Chows are a reddish brown or black color. It stands about 17–20 inches (43–51 cm) and weighs 45–70 pounds (20–32 kg).

## Infobox (dog breed)

- **country**: China
- **image**: ChowChow2Szczecin.jpg
- **image caption**: A cinnamon Chow Chow puppy
- **name**: Chow Chow
- **altname**: Chow
- **coat**: Thick and coarse
- **litter size**: 4–7
- **life span**: 11–13 years
- **origin**: China
- **kc name**: China Kennel Union
- **kc std**: http://www.cku.org.cn/breed/dog/205
- **fcistd**: http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/205g05-en.pdf
Fredonia

**Fredonia** can refer to any of the following places:
- Fredonia, Alabama
- Fredonia, Arizona
- Fredonia (Biscoe), Arkansas
- Fredonia, California
- Fredonia, Iowa
- Fredonia, Kansas
- Fredonia, Kentucky
- Fredonia, New York
- Fredonia, North Dakota
- Fredonia, Pennsylvania
- Fredonia (Spartanburg County, South Carolina), a former NRHP in Spartanburg County, South Carolina
- Fredonia, Gregg County, Texas
- Fredonia, Mason County, Texas
- Fredonia, Wisconsin
- Fredonia (town), Wisconsin
- Fredonia Township, Michigan
- Fredonia, Antioquia, a municipality of Colombia
Chad Johnson

**Chad Javon Johnson** (born January 9, 1978 in Miami, Florida) is a former American football wide receiver. He played for the  Cincinnati Bengals and New England Patriots. He also played for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He has also played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Cincinnati Bengals. Johnson was drafted out of the Oregon State University by the Cincinnati Bengals with the 36th pick in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft.

On April 17, 2014, Johnson signed a two-year deal to play for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League.

He was also known as **Chad Ochocinco**.

## Other websites

- Chad Ochocinco's Official website
- Chad Ochocinco at cincinattibengals.com

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Chad Johnson Jr.
- **image**: ChadJohnson.jpg
- **caption**: Johnson with the Cincinnati Bengals in 2006
- **position**: Wide receiver
- **current team**: Cincinnati Bengals
- **number**: 85
- **birth place**: Miami, Florida
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lbs**: 188
- **high school**: Miami Beach Senior High School, Miami Beach Senior
(Miami Beach, Florida)
- **college**: Oregon State Beavers football, Oregon State
- **draftyear**: 2001
- **draftround**: 2
- **draftpick**: 36
- **pastteams**: * Cincinnati Bengals (–)
* New England Patriots ()
* Miami Dolphins ()*
* Montreal Alouettes (–)
* Fundidores Monterrey, Monterrey Fundidores (2017)
- **pastteamsnote**: yes
- **highlights**: * 6× Pro Bowl (2004 Pro Bowl, 2003–2008 Pro Bowl, 2007, 2010 Pro Bowl, 2009)
* 3× First-team All-Pro (2004 All-Pro Team, 2004–2006 All-Pro Team, 2006)
* Second-team All-Pro (2003 All-Pro Team, 2003)
* List of National Football League season receiving yards leaders, NFL receiving yards leader (2006)
- **statlabel1**: Receptions
- **statvalue1**: 766
- **statlabel2**: Receiving yards
- **statvalue2**: 11,059
- **statlabel3**: Yards per reception
- **statvalue3**: 14.4
- **statlabel4**: Receiving touchdowns
- **statvalue4**: 67
- **nfl**: 2504651
- **pfr**: J/JohnCh01
Kevin McKidd

**Kevin McKidd** (born 9 August 1973) is a Scottish actor. He has played many acting roles such as Lucius Vorenus on _Rome_, as Dan Vasser on _Journeyman_, as Poseidon on _Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, and as Dr. Owen Hunt on _Grey's Anatomy''.
Meqabyan

**Meqabyan** (Amharic: መቃብያን), also called called **Ethiopic Maccabees** or **Ethiopian Maccabees,** are three books in the Ethiopian Orthodox Biblical canon of the Old Testament. They are very different in content from the Books of Maccabees in Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Bibles. The Maccabees described in the three books are not those of the Hasmonean dynasty, and their "Five Holy Maccabean Martyrs" do not match the "woman with seven sons", who were also called "Maccabees" and are revered throughout Orthodoxy as the "Holy Maccabean Martyrs".

The books appeared only in Ethiopian languages for a long time but have recently been translated into English.

## 1st Book of Ethiopian Maccabees

According to this book, a certain man from the territory of Benjamin called Meqabis had three sons Abya (Amharic: አብያ- Abijah), Seela (Amharic: ሴላ- Shelah), and Pantos (Pantera), who opposed the tyrannical policies of the king and refused to worship his idols. Their account consumes only a short section of the book, spanning Chapters 2 to 5. A second group of brothers is later introduced in Chapter 15: Yihuda (Amharic: ይሁዳ- Judah), Meqabis and Mebikyas, and they are said to have led a successful revolt against the ruthless King Akrandis of Midian. That appears to be a historical allusion to King Alexander I Balas, who ruled the Seleucid Empire after the death of Antiochius IV and supported the legitimacy of the Maccabees' cause. However, in this folk rendering of history, Mebikyas enters the king's military camp and decapitates him at his dinner table while his food is still in his mouth. The remainder of the book, Chapters 16 to 36, have no dealing with the Maccabean Revolt and offer no further historical narrative. Their purpose is unknown, as they recount significant events from the Old Testament.

## 2nd Book of Ethiopian Maccabees

- _The Book of Second Meqabyan_ has 21 chapters and starts: "After he found the Jews in Syrian Mesopotamia". The story is that a king of Moab, Meqabis, makes war against Israel, whcih is its punishment. Later, he feels bad for his sins and teaches God's law to the people living in Israel. After his death, Tsirutsaydan introduces idolatry and burns the sons of Meqabis.

## 3rd Book of Ethiopian Maccabees

- _The Book of Third Meqabyan_ has 10 chapters and starts: "And the islands of Egypt shall rejoice". It tells about salvation and punishment, as seen in the lives of Adam, Job, David and others.

## English Translations

Selassie, Feqade. Ethiopian Books of Meqabyan 1–3, in Standard English. 2008; Lulu Press Inc, Raleigh, NC

Curtin, D.P. The 1st Book of Ethiopian Maccabees. 2017; Dalcassian Publishing, Philadelphia, PA

## Other websites

- The Biblical Canon Of The Ethiopian Orthodox Church Today, by R. W. Cowley - specific info on Meqabyan 1-3 found at footnote #9
- _The Book of First Meqabyan_ in Iyaric
Bloodhound

The **Bloodhound** is a large breed of dog famous for its tracking ability by scent. It stands 23–27 inches (58–69 cm) tall and weighs 80–110 pounds (36–50 kg). It has a long nose, large ears with wrinkles on its face. Its fur is short and its coat is usually a brown and black color. Bloodhounds are known to be a gentle and affectionate breed. This breed lives an average of six years and nine months. Bloodhounds are often used by police because of their tracking ability.
Celosia

**Celosia** is a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae. These plants are native to Eurasia, Africa, South America, and North America.

The genus includes more than 50 recognized species. Some notable species are:

- _Celosia argentea_
    - _C. argentea var. argentea_
    - _C. argentea var. cristata_ (syn. _Celosia cristata_)
    - _C. argentea var. plumosa_ (syn. _Celosia plumosa_)
- _Celosia isertii_ (syn. _Celosia laxa_)
- _Celosia leptostachya_
- _Celosia nitida_
- _Celosia odorata_
- _Celosia palmeri_
- _Celosia spicata_
- _Celosia trigyna_
- _Celosia virgata_

Many species of Celosia are cultivated as ornamental plants for their distinctive and colorful flower heads. Some are also used in traditional medicine and cuisine in various cultures.

## Other websites

- Germplasm Resources Information Network: _Celosia_
- ITIS: _Celosia_
- NCBI: _Celosia_
Chris Kluwe

**Christopher James Kluwe** (born December 24, 1981 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a former American football Punter. Kluwe played for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). Kluwe was undrafted but played college football at the University of California.

He is a supporter of same-sex marriage and released a letter on Deadspin that he sent to Maryland state assembly delegate Emmett Burns. In the letter he defended the opinions of Baltimore Ravens linebacker Brendon Ayanbadejo who is a supporter of same-sex marriage and criticized Burns for sending a letter to the Ravens owners to "inhibit such expressions" by their employee and trying to stifle Ayanbadejo's freedom of speech.

## Other websites

- Chris Kluwe at nfl.com

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **image**: Chris Kluwe 2012-12-30.jpg
- **caption**: Chris Kluwe in 2012 with the Minnesota Vikings
- **number**: 5, 4
- **position**: Punter (American football), Punter
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lbs**: 210
- **high school**: Los Alamitos High School, Los Alamitos
(Los Alamitos, California)
- **college**: UCLA Bruins football, UCLA
- **undraftedyear**: 2005
- **highlights**: * _USA Today_ High School All-American (1999 USA Today All-USA high school football team, 1999)
- **pastteams**: * Seattle Seahawks  ()*
* Minnesota Vikings (–)
* Oakland Raiders ()*
- **pastteamsnote**: yes
- **statlabel1**: Punts
- **statvalue1**: 623
- **statlabel2**: Punt Yards
- **statvalue2**: 27,683
- **statlabel3**: Punting Yard Average
- **statvalue3**: 44.4
- **nfl**: KLU751480
- **pfr**: K/KluwCh20
The Hangover (movie)

***The Hangover*** is a 2009 American comedy movie and the first installment of the trilogy. The movie is directed by Todd Phillips, and stars Bradley Cooper, Ed Helms, Zach Galifianakis, Justin Bartha, Ken Jeong, Heather Graham and Jeffrey Tambor. It follows three men looking for another friend in Las Vegas, before the wedding is cancelled.

## Cast

- Bradley Cooper as Phil Wenneck
- Ed Helms as Dr. Stu Price
- Zach Galifianakis as Alan Garner
- Heather Graham as Jade
- Mike Epps as Black Doug
- Justin Bartha as Doug Billings
- Jeffrey Tambor as Sid Garner
- Ken Jeong as Leslie Chow
- Rachael Harris as Melissa
- Rob Riggle as Officer Franklin
- Sasha Barrese as Tracy Garner
- Bryan Callen as Eddie
- Ian Anthony Dale as Chow's henchmen
- Gillian Vigman as Stephanie Wenneck

## Ratings

The Hangover received mostly positive reviews:

- Rotten Tomatoes - 78%
- Metacritic - 73% out of 100
- Roger Ebert - 4.5 out of 5

## Other websites

- The Hangover's Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Hangover
- **director**: Todd Phillips
- **producer**: Todd Phillips
Daniel Goldberg
- **writer**: Jon Lucas
Scott Moore (screenwriter), Scott Moore
Alex Urch (uncredited)
Jeremy Garelick
- **starring**: Bradley Cooper
Ed Helms
Zach Galifianakis
Heather Graham
Justin Bartha
Jeffrey Tambor
- **music**: Christophe Beck
- **cinematography**: Lawrence Sher
- **editing**: Debra Neil-Fisher
- **distributor**: Warner Bros. (USA)
- **released**: June 5, 2009
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $35 million
- **gross**: $467,416,722
Wheel theory

**Wheel theory** is the theory of wheels. A wheel is an algebraic structure where division by 0 has meaning. The term _wheel_ was inspired by the topological picture .

## Definition

A wheel is an algebraic structure satisfying(for all values , , and ):

- Addition and multiplication are commutative and associative, with  and  as their respective identities.

Wheels replace the usual division with a unary operator applied to one argument  similar (but not identical) to the multiplicative inverse , such that  becomes shorthand for . Also,  replaces the fraction .

## Sources

- Carlström, Jesper: . Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, 14(2004): no. 1, 143–184 (also available online here ).
Fundamental theorem of calculus

The **fundamental theorem of calculus** is central to the study of calculus.  It is the theorem that shows the relationship between the derivative and the integral and between the definite integral and the indefinite integral.  It is broken into two parts, the first fundamental theorem of calculus and the second fundamental theorem of calculus.

## Background

A definition for derivative, definite integral, and indefinite integral (antiderivative) is necessary in understanding the fundamental theorem of calculus. The derivative can be thought of as measuring the change of the value of a variable with respect to another variable. The definite integral is the net area under the curve of a function and above the x-axis over an interval [a,b]. The indefinite integral (antiderivative) of a function f is another function F whose derivative is equal to the first function f.

## History

The history of the fundamental theorem of calculus begins as early as the seventeenth century with  Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Isaac Newton.  Leibniz looked at integration as the sum of infinite amounts of areas that are accumulated. As such, he references the important concept of area as it relates to the definition of the integral.  Isaac Newton used geometry to describe the relationship between acceleration, velocity, and distance. This is key in understanding the relationship between the derivative and the integral; acceleration is the derivative of velocity, which is the derivative of distance, and distance is the antiderivative of velocity, which is the antiderivative of acceleration.  In 1823, Cauchy defined the definite integral by the limit definition. Also in the nineteenth century, Siméon Denis Poisson described the definite integral as the difference of the antiderivatives [F(b) − F(a)] at the endpoints a and b, describing what is now the first fundamental theorem of calculus.  It wasn’t until the 1950s that all of these concepts were tied together to call the theorem the fundamental theorem of calculus.

## First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

The first fundamental theorem of calculus states that if the function f(x) is continuous, then

This means that the definite integral over an interval [a,b] is equal to the antiderivative evaluated at b minus the antiderivative evaluated at a. This gives the relationship between the definite integral and the indefinite integral (antiderivative).

## Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

The second fundamental theorem of calculus states that if the function f is continuous, then

This means that the derivative of the integral of a function f with respect to the variable t over the interval [a,x] is equal to the function f with respect to x. This describes the derivative and integral as inverse processes.
Brent Bowden

**Brent Michael Bowden** (born May 21, 1987 in Huntsville, Alabama) is an American football Punter that is currently a free agent in the National Football League (NFL). Bowden was drafted out of the Virginia Tech University with the 172nd pick in the sixth round of the 2010 NFL Draft by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

## Other websites

- Brent Bowden at nfl.com

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **name**: Brent Bowden
- **position**: Punter (American football), Punter
- **birth place**: Huntsville, Alabama
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lbs**: 202
- **high school**: Westfield High School (Virginia), Chantilly (VA) Westfield
- **college**: Virginia Tech Hokies football, Virginia Tech
- **draftyear**: 2010
- **draftround**: 6
- **draftpick**: 172
- **pastteams**: * Tampa Bay Buccaneers ()*
* Jacksonville Jaguars ()*
* Virginia Destroyers ()
- **pastteamsnote**: yes
- **highlights**: * ACC Championship Game, ACC Champion (2007 ACC Championship Game, 2007, 2008 ACC Championship Game, 2008)
* First-team All-Atlantic Coast Conference, ACC (2009)
* _Associated Press_ First-team all-state (2004)
* Virginia High School Coaches Association First-team all-state (2004)
* First-team All-Concorde District (2004)
* First-team All-Northern Region (2004)
* First-Team Northeastern US, Kicking.com (2004)
* _The Washington Post_ First-team All-Met (2004)
- **nfl**: BOW044716
Mafia II

***Mafia II*** is the 2010 sequel to _Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven_. It was released on August 24, 2010 in North America and August 27, 2010 in the PAL region. The game is set in Empire Bay which is a parody of The Empire State, the nickname for New York in the years 1945 to 1951. _Mafia II_ was protested by an Italian-American group because they thought the game was portraying ethnic stereotypes.

## Second sequel

A third game and final sequel to _Mafia_ is _Mafia III_. It was released in 2016.

## Other websites

- Mafia II's Official website

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Mafia II
- **developer**: 2K Czech
Massive Bear Studios (PS3)
- **publisher**: 2K Games
- **series**: _Mafia_
- **genre**: third-person shooter, Action-adventure game, action-adventure
- **platforms**: Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, OnLive
The Amazing Jeckel Brothers

***The Amazing Jeckel Brothers*** is the fifth studio album by American horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on May 25, 1999. The producers of the album were Insane Clown Posse and Mike E. Clark. The album was the fifth of the "Joker Cards" in the Dark Carnival mythology. The album featured guest vocals such as Ol' Dirty Bastard, Snoop Dogg, The Jerky Boys and Twiztid.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Amazing Jeckel Brothers
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **caption**: Jack Jeckel edition.
- **released**: May 25, 1999
- **recorded**: 1998–1999
- **genre**: * Hip hop music, Hip hop
* horrorcore
* rap rock
- **length**: 69:30
- **prev title**: The Great Milenko
- **prev year**: 1997
- **next title**: Bizaar
- **next year**: 2000
Thomas Morstead

**Thomas Morstead** (born August 13, 1982 in Pearland, Texas) is an American football punter for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). Morstead was drafted out of Southern Methodist University by the New Orleans Saints with the 164th pick in the fifth round of the 2009 NFL Draft. Morstead won Super Bowl XLIV while part of the New Orleans Saints.

## Other websites

- Thomas Morstead at nfl.com

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Thomas Morstead
- **image**: Thomas Morstead.JPG
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Morstead with the New Orleans Saints in 2012
- **current team**: New Orleans Saints
- **number**: 6
- **position**: Punter (football), Punter
- **birth place**: Houston, Texas
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lbs**: 235
- **high school**: Pearland High School, Pearland (Pearland, Texas)
- **college**: SMU Mustangs football, Southern Methodist
- **draftyear**: 2009
- **draftround**: 5
- **draftpick**: 164
- **pastteams**: * New Orleans Saints (–present)
- **highlights**: * Super Bowl champion (Super Bowl XLIV, XLIV)
* Pro Bowl (2013 Pro Bowl, 2012)
* Second-team All-Pro (2012 All-Pro Team, 2012)
* First-team All-Conference USA (2007, 2008)
- **status**: Active
- **statweek**: 12
- **statseason**: 2018
- **statlabel1**: Punts
- **statvalue1**: 551
- **statlabel2**: Punting yards
- **statvalue2**: 25,866
- **statlabel3**: Gross punting average
- **statvalue3**: 46.9
- **statlabel4**: Inside 20
- **statvalue4**: 192
- **nflnew**: thomasmorstead/71407
- **pfr**: MorsTh00
Southwark

**Southwark** ( ) is the main part of the inner London Borough of Southwark. It is on the Thames, south of London Bridge. It is often called just 'The Borough'. Southwark was once a separate town in Surrey, and was made part of London in 1889.

Southwark has several important buildings: Southwark Cathedral, London Bridge station and the Tate Modern art gallery. Two Roman roads met in Southwark: Watling Street and Stane Street. The area was marshy with islands in Roman times. They built the first London Bridge here.

The word 'Southwark' is pronounced _Suthuk_.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **region**: London
- **official name**: Southwark
- **local name**: Borough
- **london borough**: Southwark
- **constituency westminster**: Bermondsey and Old Southwark (UK Parliament constituency), Bermondsey and Old Southwark
- **post town**: LONDON
- **postcode area**: SE
- **postcode district**: SE1
- **dial code**: 020
- **os grid reference**: TQ325795
- **static image name**: Southwark Cathedral, 24th floor.jpg
- **static image caption**: Southwark Cathedral
- **charingx distance mi**: 1.5
- **charingx direction**: W
London Bridge station

**London Bridge station** is a major railway and London Underground station in Bermondsey in the London Borough of Southwark. It is immediately south-east of London Bridge and 1.6 miles (2.6 km) east of Charing Cross. It is the oldest railway terminus in London, opened in June 1839. There is also a bus station. It is the fourth busiest rail terminal in London. In addition, it is where many commuters transfer between lines.

This mainline station is one of 18 railway stations managed by Network Rail and is a major transport terminus and interchange for south London. Including Kent, Sussex, Surrey and Gatwick Airport, over 54 million people each year use the station.

The tube station is a junction station between the two lines, the Jubilee Line and the Bank branch of the Northern Line. All tube platforms are accessed through the ticket barriers. The station is in Travelcard Zone 1. It is south of the River Thames, so it does not have a direct connection to the Circle Line.

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: London Bridge
- **symbol**: rail
- **manager**: Network Rail
- **locale**: Southwark
- **borough**: City of London
- **image name**: Au Morandarte Flickr DSC00405 (12776404583).jpg
- **caption**: The class 171 train at London Bridge station
- **platforms**: 9
- **fare zone**: 1
- **railcode**: LBG
- **map type**: Central London
- **years1**: 1836
- **events1**: London Bridge station opened
- **interchange1**: London Bridge tube station
- **interchange2**: Bank tube station
Watling Street

**Watling Street** is the name of an ancient route in England.  It was first used by the Ancient Britons between Canterbury and St Albans.

Later the Romans made it one of the main Roman roads in Britain.  The Romans paved the route from London to the port of Dover, and from London to St Albans.  'Street' comes from the old word for paving.  Eventually, the road stretched to Caerwent in Wales on the Severn estuary, just west of Chepstow.

Its route is now covered by the A2 road from Dover to London, and the A5 road from London to Wroxeter (Roman _Viriconium_, in modern Shropshire).  These are major roads in England, which still exist alongside the modern motorways.

Mancetter on Watling Street is thought to be  the site of Boudica's defeat by the Romans. Later, the A5 was part of the southwestern border of the Danelaw. In the early 19th century, the course between London and the Channel was paved and became known as the Great Dover Road. At various points along the historic route, the name Watling Street is still used.
Kia Picanto

The **Kia Picanto** is a car produced by Kia Motors. It replaced the Kia Pride in 2003. The Fiat Idea Hyundai i10 is based on the Picanto's platform.

## Engines

- _1.0_ Mazda 44 kW (60 hp)
- _1.3_ Toyota 48 kW (65 hp)
- _1.3 CRDi_ 55 kW (75 hp)
Southwark Cathedral

**Southwark Cathedral**, in Southwark, London, lies on the south bank of the River Thames close to London Bridge.

It is the mother church of the Anglican Diocese of Southwark. It has been a place of Christian worship for over 1,000 years, but a cathedral only since 1905.  The present building is mainly Gothic, from 1220 to 1420.

The main railway line from London Bridge station to Cannon Street station passes close to the cathedral, blocking the view from the south side. Borough Market and the Hall of the Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Painters of Glass by the river are close by.

### Saxon and medieval

The earliest reference to the site was in the Domesday Book survey of 1086. The 'Minster' of Southwark seems to be under the control of Bishop Odo of Bayeux (William the Conqueror's half-brother). Its early history is obscure. A Saxon minster (a teaching church) served a south Thames area. In 1106, Henry I's reign, the latter became an Augustinian Priory: Norman stonework can still be seen, and Thomas Becket preached here before departing to Canterbury, days before his murder in 1170.

### Architecture

The church is the oldest Gothic church building in London, built from 1220 to 1420. It is one of the smallest cathedrals, which is because it was not built as a cathedral, but as a Priory chapel.

### Choir

The cathedral has three choirs, The main Cathedral Choir is supported financially by the St Olave's & St Saviour's Schools Foundation. They were two parochial schools set up in the 1560s, and still hold their annual services here as their 'foundation' church.

## Other websites

- Southwark Cathedral official website
4Lyn

**4LYN** is a German nu metal group, based in Hamburg. It formed in 1995 as _Headtrip_.

## History

In the year 2000 the band renamed to 4LYN after realizing the band name _Headtrip_ was used by many other rock bands all over the world. The letters _LYN_ are for _Little Young Nasties_ and the _4_ for the sum of the band members. They became famous after touring with bands such as Papa Roach, Dredg, Thumb and Therapy?. Finally in spring 2001 they released their first album. In 2002 they continued their successful way with another album called _neon_ and live performances such as on Rock am Ring and the _Desperados_-Tour together with Cosmotron and Dredg. In the mid-2000s, they changed their style from nu metal to emo and alternative rock.

### Albums

- _4LYN_ (2001 Motor Music)
- _neon_ (2002 Motor Music)
- _Take It As A Compliment_ (2004 Edel Records)
- _Take It As A Compliment / Live Compliments_ (2004 Edel Records)
- _Compadres_ (2005 Rodeostar/Edel Records)
- _Hello_ (2008 Rodeostar/SPV)
- _Live in Hamburg_ (22008 Rodeostar/SPV)
- _Quasar_ (Very Us, 2012)

### Singles

- _Whooo!_ (2001 Motor Music)
- _Bahama Mama_ (2001 Motor Music)
- _Lyn_ (2001 Motor Music)
- _Pearls & Beauty_ (2002 Motor Music)
- _Husky_ (2002 Motor Music)
- _Hey Ho, Let's Go_ (2003 Self-release)
- _Kisses Of A Strobelight_ (2004 Edel Records)
- _Matilda, Matilda (Promo Single)_ (2004 Edel Records)
- _Drrty Rokka_ (2005 Rodeostar/Edel Records)
- _Go, Sea Devils!_ (2007 Rodeostar/Edel Records)
- _Hello (For You I'm Dying)_ (2008 Rodeostar/SPV)

### DVD's

- _The Good Life Period_ (2008)
- _Live In Hamburg_ (2008)
- _Hello (Limited Edition) (includes CD/DVD)_ (2009)

## Other websites

- Official homepage
- myspace-Page
- Discography @ DISCOGS
- 4LYN @ Last.fm
- Full detailed Fanpage by Petra Preuss
- 4LYN @ Webpark

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: 4LYN
- **img**: 4lyn Mach1 Festival 2008.jpg
- **img capt**: 4LYN in 2007
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **origin**: Hamburg, Germany
- **genre**: Nu metal, alternative rock, emo
- **years active**: 1995–present
- **url**: [http://www.4lyn.de 4LYN Website]
- **current members**: Ron Clauß
Björn Düßler
Sascha Carrilho
Dennis Krüger
- **past members**: Benjamin Eckebrecht (until 2001)
René Russo (2001 to 2009)
Charing Cross station

**Charing Cross station** might mean:

- Charing Cross railway station
- Charing Cross tube station
Volkswagen Sharan

The **Volkswagen Sharan** is a car produced by Volkswagen between 1995-2023. The SEAT Alhambra and the Ford Galaxy are based on the same platform as the Sharan.

#### Petrol

- _1.8 T_ 110 kW (150 hp)
- _2.0_ 85 kW (115 hp)
- _2.8 VR6_ 128 kW (174 hp)

### Diesel

- _1.9 TDI_ 66 kW (90 hp), 81 kW (110 hp), 85 kW (115 hp), 96 kW (130 hp) and 110 kW (150 hp)
- _2.0 TDI_ 103 kW (140 hp)

### Engines

- _1.4 TSI_ 110 kW (150 hp)
- _2.0 TDI_ 103 kW (140 hp)

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Volkswagen Sharan
- **image**: VW Sharan II 2.0 TDI Reflexsilber.JPG
- **alt**: Front three-quarter view of a five-door road car with sliding rear-passenger doors.
- **manufacturer**: Volkswagen
- **production**: 1995–2023
- **assembly**: Portugal: Palmela (Autoeuropa)
- **class**: Minivan, Mid-size MPV (M-segment, M)
- **body style**: 5-door Minivan, MPV
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, Front-engine, front-wheel-drive
- **successor**: Volkswagen Viloran
Volkswagen ID. Buzz
Volkswagen Multivan (T7)
Cannon Street station

**Cannon Street station** is a central London railway terminus and London Underground station complex in the City of London, the financial district of London. It is built on the site of the mediaeval Steelyard, the trading base in England of the Hanseatic League. It is in Travelcard Zone 1.

## Rail

This  is a terminal station approached across the River Thames by the Cannon Street Railway Bridge, with entrances from Cannon Street and Dowgate Hill. Its approach by rail is by a triangular connection to both London Bridge station and Charing Cross station. Cannon Street is one of seventeen UK railway stations managed by Network Rail.

### Original structure

The station was opened by the South Eastern Railway on 1 September 1866. The original station building had two Wren-style towers,  square and  high, which faced on to the River Thames. The towers supported a  long iron train shed crowned by a high single arch, almost semicircular, of glass and iron. To this was joined in 1867 an Italianate style hotel and forecourt. These gave passenger facilities, as well as an impressive frontage onto the street.

## Infobox (london station)

- **name**: Cannon Street
- **symbol**: rail
- **manager**: Network Rail
- **locale**: Cannon Street
- **borough**: City of London
- **image name**: File:Cannon Street station MMB 07 465012.jpg
- **caption**: A Southeastern (train operating company), Southeastern British Rail Class 465, Class 465 train is about to enter Cannon Street railway station from London Bridge station, London Bridge
- **platforms**: 7
- **railcode**: CST
- **access**: Yes
- **toilets**: Yes
- **map type**: Central London
- **interchange**: Bank–Monument station, Bank  , Mansion House tube station, Mansion House
- **years1**: 1st September 1866
- **events1**: Cannon Street station opened