juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Martyrs Shrine

Martyr's shrines () are religious buildings in China that honor and remember people who died for their country. They are built separately from other buildings and can be converted from other types of shrines such as Shinto shrines. They also help teach people about the importance of loyalty and righteousness and Confucian values.

## History

In China, there were shrines that honored loyal people and soldiers who died for their country. The emperor gave the shrines their names. One of these shrines, called Fayuan Temple, was built to remember soldiers who died in battle. It was first named Jienzhongsa Temple but later renamed Fayuan Temple. This tradition also spread to other places like Korea and Vietnam. When the monarchy ended, the government continued to make shrines for the martyrs.

### Taiwan

Originally, many of the shrines in Taiwan that remember people who died while serving their country were Shinto shrines. After World War II, the Nationalist government converted them to their current use. These shrines are dedicated to officers, soldiers, police, and people who died for the Republic of China.

According to the "Rules for the Sacrifice of Martyrs' Shrines" by the Ministry of the Interior of the R.O.C., these shrines are located at municipal governments in cities and counties. The National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine is in the central government seat and the President leads the ceremony.

In 1998, a legal amendment allowed civilians who were not in the military to be inducted into the shrine. The first civilian to be inducted was Lin Ching-chuan, a teacher who died saving children in a fire. Some police officers, firefighters, and healthcare workers who died in the line of duty, as well as postal workers who died while serving, have also been commemorated at the shrine.

### Japan

During the Imperial era in Japan, Shōkonsha was established to honor those who gave their lives for the country. During the war, they were renamed Gokoku Shrines, except for Tokyo Shrine, which became known as Yasukuni Shrine. Some people consider the shrine to be a symbol of Japanese militarism. The shrine has a list of over 2 million people and pets, including the names, origins, birthdates, and places of death. Unfortunately, controversy surrounds the shrine because it also includes the names of over 1,000 convicted war criminals, including 14 who were involved in the planning and initiation of the war.

## Related pages

- Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
- Arlington National Cemetery
- Valhalla (home to the souls of fallen warriors in Scandinavian mythology)

## Infobox (chinese)

- **title**: 忠烈祠
- **hangul**: 충렬사
- **hanja**: 忠烈祠
- **rr**: Chungnyeolsa（南）
Chungryeolsa（北）
- **mr**: Ch'ungnyŏlsa（南）
Ch'ungryŏlsa（北）
Qin Hui (historian)

**Qin Hui** (Chinese: 秦晖; pinyin: _Qín Huī_; born 1953) is a Chinese historian.

## Career

He previously was a Professor of History, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tsinghua University. He is now an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Government and Public Administration, the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

## Event

In December 2015, Qin Hui's new book _Moving Away from the Imperial Regime_ (), a collection of articles on how constitutional democracy fell in China in the early 20th century, was banned by the Chinese government. The book was a bestseller before the ban.
The Wizard of New Zealand

**The Wizard of New Zealand**  (born **Ian Brackenbury Channell**; 4 December 1932) is a British-born New Zealand educator, comedian, illusionist, and politician. He is also known by his shorter name, **The Wizard**. In 1990 the Prime Minister of New Zealand, Mike Moore, an old friend, appointed him the official "Wizard of New Zealand".

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: The Wizard of New Zealand
- **image**: Christchurchwizard.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **caption**: The Wizard speaking in Cathedral Square, Christchurch, Cathedral Square in December 2006
- **birth name**: Ian Brackenbury Channell
- **birth place**: London, England
- **nationality**: New Zealand, British
- **domesticpartner**: Alice Flett
- **education**: Framlingham College
Ravensbourne School, Bromley, Bromley Grammar School for Boys
- **alma mater**: University of Leeds
So Real (Mandy Moore song)

"**So Real**" is a 2000 song by Mandy Moore. It is from a album reissue _I Wanna Be with You_. It went to number 21 in Australia and number 18 in New Zealand.

## Track listings

**Australian CD single**
1. "So Real"
1. "Candy" (Wade Robson Remix)
1. "Not Too Young"
1. "So Real" (Wade Robson Remix)
1. "So Real" (video clip)

**French promo CD—"C'est si facile"**
1. "C'est si facile" – 3:50
1. "So Real" – 3:51

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: So Real
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Mandy Moore
- **album**: I Wanna Be with You (album), I Wanna Be with You
- **b-side**: *"Candy" (Wade Robson Remix)
*"Not Too Young"
- **released**: 2000
- **genre**: Teen pop
- **length**: 3:50
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **writer**: * Tony Battaglia
* Shaun Fisher
- **producer**: The Wasabees
- **prev title**: I Wanna Be with You (Mandy Moore song), I Wanna Be with You
- **prev year**: 2000
- **next title**: In My Pocket
- **next year**: 2001
In My Pocket

"**In My Pocket**" is a 2001 song by Mandy Moore and is the lead single from her second studio album _Mandy Moore_. It went to number 11 in Australia and number 26 in New Zealand. It fared poorly in the United States.

## Track listings

**European CD1**
1. "In My Pocket" (album version) – 3:38
1. "In My Pocket" (Brandnew radio mix) – 3:28

**European CD2**
1. "In My Pocket" (album version) – 3:38
1. "In My Pocket" (Brandnew radio mix) – 3:28
1. "In My Pocket" (Hex Hector main 7-inch mix) – 3:21
1. "In My Pocket" (Thunderpuss club mix—vox up) – 9:53
1. "In My Pocket" (video version)

**Australian CD single**
1. "In My Pocket" (album version) – 3:38
1. "I Wanna Be with You" (live on MTV) – 3:28
1. "In My Pocket" (Hex Hector main 7-inch mix) – 3:21
1. "In My Pocket" (Thunderpuss club mix—vox up) – 9:53

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: In My Pocket
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Mandy Moore
- **album**: Mandy Moore (album), Mandy Moore
- **genre**: Teen pop
- **length**: 3:39
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **writer**: * Randall Barlow
* Emilio Estefan
* Liza Quintana
* Gian Marco, Gian Marco Zignago
- **producer**: * Emilio Estefan
* Randall Barlow
- **prev title**: So Real (Mandy Moore song), So Real
- **prev year**: 2000
- **next title**: Crush (Mandy Moore song), Crush
- **next year**: 2001
Afsluitdijk

**Afsluitdijk** is a large dam in the Netherlands. It is  long. The dam separates the IJsselmeer lake from the Wadden Sea. It was built between 1927 and 1932. The dam was built because of floods that affected the country's low-lying lands. It also serves as a road between Friesland and North Holland provinces. Afsluitdijk has become a popular tourist destination. People go there for its scenic beauty, recreational opportunities, and historical importance.

## Infobox (dam)

- **name**: _Afsluitdijk_
- **image**: Afsluitdijk kaart OSM.jpg
- **image caption**: _Afsluitdijk_ in red
- **image alt**: Afsluitdijk
- **country**: Netherlands
- **purpose**: Zuiderzee Works, flood protection and land reclamation
- **construction began**: 1927
- **opening**: 1932
- **dam elevation crest**: above sea level
Housing Benefit

**Housing Benefit** is a means tested social security benefit in the United Kingdom that is intended to help with the costs of rent.

Rent rebates, as they were called, started in the 1930s when council house<nowiki/>s were built to clear slum<nowiki/>s. The rents were often to high for the poor people who had lived in the slums. Local councils made their own arrangements. The first national system started in 1972. It covered rates as well as rent. For people in private housing it was called rent allowance.  People who got Supplementary Benefit had all their rent paid. People who had more money than that still got some help.  By 1983 about 30% of the population were getting Housing Benefit.  After 1986 it was lined up with the rules for Income Support.

The cost of housing for low-income household<nowiki/>s has risen a lot.  The cost of Housing Benefit rose from 0.2% of GDP in 1980-81 to 1.0% in 2012-13.   In 2015 £9.3 billion was paid to private landlords.

From 2019 housing benefit was moved into Universal Credit except for people above State Pension age and people living in supported, sheltered or temporary housing.

in 2022 2 million private renting household<nowiki/>s, 38% of the total, were getting help with rent from either Universal Credit or Housing Benefit.

## Local Housing Allowance

Private tenants can only claim for a rent up the level of the Local Housing Allowance where they live. This is based on private market rents being paid by tenants in a Broad Rental Market Area.  Local Housing Allowance  started in 2008. There are rules about number of bedrooms a household can claim for.  They do not apply to pensioners.

From April 2011 claimants could only  claim a rent based on the 30th percentile of rent in their area. Single people under 35 could only claim for the cost of a shared room.  care leavers aged under 22, some people who have a disability and over 25s who have spent at least three months living in hostel accommodation, can sometimes claim for a self-contained one bedroom flat . The maximum payable under LHA was also set to £400 per week, or £20,800 per annum.  The Local Housing Allowance was fixed in April 2020 but not changed since then as rents increased. In February 2023 in Wales out of 2,638 private properties advertised for rent only 32 had rent under the allowance.

In  2023 the Chancellor announced that the Local Housing Allowance would be re-pegged to the 30th percentile of local rents in April 2024, but it would then be frozen again.

Housing benefit is also limited by the benefit cap, which has not been increased._._
Mario Kart Arcade GP 2

**Mario Kart Arcade GP 2** is the second Mario Kart game for arcades. It was released on March 14, 2007. There are 11 total playable characters in the game. You can choose to play in Time Trial Mode or Grand Prix Mode. In Time Trial mode you can race solo or against Staff Ghosts. In Grand Prix, you can choose between 50cc, 100cc, 150cc, or 200cc, and you race against players or against computers.'''

### Power-ups

You can use powerups as items. Along with the other games in the Mario Kart Arcade GP series, there are about 100 items in the game, making this and the others have the most items in a Mario Kart game at the time.

### Tracks

There are 32 Tracks and 8 cups to the full game.

### Karts

When turning regularly, your kart loses speed. However, if you hit R before turning, you will perform a small hop and start drifting as long as you keep holding the button and steering left or right. Not only does this maintain your speed, it will also start building up boost power for a mini turbo.

## Facts

Mario Kart Arcade GP 2 is the second game in the Mario Kart Arcade GP series and the seventh in the Mario Kart series overall. You can use powerups as items. There are 32 Tracks and 8 cups to the full game. Mario Kart Arcade GP is the initial installment in the series. Originally designed for the Tri-force arcade board (also used for F-Zero AX) by Namco, players can race as one of eleven characters on twenty-four tracks. There are a total of six cups, with four tracks in each, equalling twenty-four. If you're a gamer that strives to see all aspects of the game, you are likely to spend around 50 hours to obtain 100% completion. Coins have three uses, they increase your overall speed, they give you a tiny boost, and they can unlock objects. The biggest bruiser in Mario Strikers: Battle League is still the biggest powerhouses in Mario Kart 8. Bowser has the fastest speed stat in the game along with Wario. Statistically, the Pipe Frame is the best car in the game: it has great acceleration, handling, and a great mini-turbo. It also has decent traction but like many of the other cars on this list, suffers from its weight and speed. The player can jump by pressing the Brake while holding the gas pedal. To drift, the player does the same thing as jumping, but by turning the wheel to the desired direction. In the latest update, the player can also use the Mario button to jump. The game Mario Kart Arcade GP 1 includes only four playable characters, all of which appeared from the previous games: Mario, Luigi, Princess Peach and Yoshi. Items are thrown by making hand movements, which the game registers by an attachment to the player's wrist. Mario Kart Arcade GP DX is the third Mario Kart Arcade GP game, which was released in Japanese arcades on July 25, 2013, and in North American and European arcades in 2014 (previously announced for end of 2013), but the game was available in all Dave & Buster's restaurants from February 16, 2014 until April 2014. Daisy, Lakitu, and King Boo are the Japanese Exclusive characters that can be downloaded in Japanese Mario Kart Arcade GP DX game.
Thornton Wilder

**Thornton Niven Wilder** (April 17, 1897 – December 7, 1975) was an American playwright and novelist.

Wilder was born in Madison, Wisconsin. He lived there in his early years.  His father was a journalist and a diplomat who served in Hong Kong and Shanghai, China in 1906 and 1910. Wilder went to school there in those years.

He attended Oberlin College from 1915 to 1917. He got his B. A. from Yale University in 1920. In 1926 he got a master's degree in French literature from Princeton University. He taught at the University of Chicago from 1930 to 1936.

During World War II, he worked in military intelligence in North Africa and Italy.

Wilder won three Pulitzer Prizes for his writing. His second novel, _The Bridge of San Luis Rey_ won in 1928. His most famous play, _Our Town_ won in 1938. Another play, _The Skin of Our Teeth_ won in 1943. He was Charles Eliot Norton Professor of Poetry at Harvard University in 1950 and 1951. He was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963. In 1965 he was the first person to receive the National Medal for Literature.

He was friends with Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway, Willa Cather, and actor Montgomery Clift. He died in Hamden, Connecticut in 1975.

## Works

- _The Cabala_ (1926) novel
- _The Bridge of San Luis Rey_ (1927) novel
- _The Woman of Andros_ (1930) novel
- _Heaven's My Destination_ (1934) novel
- _Our Town_ (1938) play
- _The Merchant of Yonkers_ (1938) play
- _The Skin of Our Teeth_ (1942) play
- _Shadow of a Doubt_ (1943) screenplay
- _The Ides of March_ (1948) novel
- _The Matchmaker_ (1954) play
- _A Life in the Sun_ (1955) play
- _The Alcestiad: Or, a Life in the Sun_ (1955) play
- _The Drunken Sisters_ (1957) play
- _Childhood _(1960) play
- _Infancy_ (1960) play
- _Plays for Bleecker Street_ (1962) play
- _The Eighth Day_ (1967) novel
- _Theophilus North_ (1973) novel

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Thornton Wilder
- **image**: Thornton-Wilder-TIME-1953.jpg
- **caption**: Wilder portrait by Boris Chaliapin
- **birth name**: Thornton Niven Wilder
- **birth place**: Madison, Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.
- **death place**: Hamden, Connecticut, Hamden, Connecticut, U.S.
- **occupation**: Playwright, novelist
- **notableworks**: _The Bridge of San Luis Rey_ (1927)
_Our Town_ (1938)
_The Skin of Our Teeth_ (1942)
- **relatives**: Thornton M. Niven
Paul Bowles

**Paul Frederic Bowles** (December 30, 1910 – November 18, 1999) was an American composer and writer. From 1947 to the end of his life, he lived in Tangier, Morrocco.

Bowles started college at the University of Virginia. He soon left it and went to Paris. He met Gertude Stein and Alice B. Toklas. When he returned to the United States, he started to study music with Aaron Copland. In 1931, Stein and Toklas told them to move to Morrocco. And they did. Bowles wrote his first chamber and solo piano works there. Later he went to Guatemala, Mexico, Ceylon, southern India and the Sahara. The music in those places had an influence on his own music.

In 1938 he married the writer Jane Auer. She was a lesbian, and he was bisexual. It was not an ordinary marriage. They moved to Morrocco in 1948. After that move, Bowles wrote less music and more fiction.

His novels and short stories are often about Americans who come to North Africa to get away from the technology and noise of modern life. Things go wrong for them in the different culture.

Bowles died of a heart attack in a hospital in Tangier. He is buried with his wife, Jane, in Lakemont, New York.

## Books

- _The Sheltering Sky_ (1949)
- _The Delicate Prey and Other Stories_ (1950)
- _Let It Come Down_ (1952)
- _The Spider's House_ (1955)
- _Up Above the World_ (1966)
- _Without Stopping_ (autobiography) (1972)
- _Two Years Beside The Strait_ (autobiography) (1990)
- _Days: Tangier Journal_ (autobiography) (1991)
- _Collected Stories, 1939–1976_ (1979)

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Paul Bowles
- **birth name**: Paul Frederic Bowles
- **birth place**: Jamaica, Queens, New York City, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Tangier, Morrocco
- **occupation**: Novelist, composer
- **period**: 20th Century
- **notableworks**: _The Sheltering Sky_ (1949)
'A Distant Episode" (1947)
- **awards**: Rea Award for the Short Story
- **spouse**: Jane Bowles
Artés

**Artés** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Artés
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Bandera d'Artés.svg
- **image seal**: Escut d'Artés.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, Community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Ernest Clotet
- **area total km2**: 17.88
- **population total**: 5,778
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 323.2
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08271
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08010
Avinyó

**Avinyó** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Avinyó
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Flag of Avinyó.svg
- **image seal**: Escut d'Avinyó.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, Community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Eudald Vilaseca
- **area total km2**: 62.81
- **population total**: 2,306
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 36.71
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08279
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08012
Chennai Port

**Chennai Port**, also known as **Madras Port**, is an artificial harbor on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The port was stablished in 1881. It is the second largest port in India and one of the oldest artificial ports in the country. The port handles a large range of cargo. This includes containers, cars and petroleum products. It is a major gateway to southern India. The port is a way to connect India to several major ports across the world. The Chennai Port Trust, a government-owned corporation, manages and operates the port. In 2023, the port was undergoing expansion and modernization to increase its capacity and improve its efficiency.
Callús

**Callús** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Callús
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de Callús.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Elisabeth Hernández
- **area total km2**: 12.39
- **population total**: 2,106
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 170.0
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08262
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08038
Cardona

**Cardona** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Cardona
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de Cardona.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Lluïsa Aliste
- **area total km2**: 66.43
- **population total**: 4,586
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 69.04
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08261
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08047
On the Beach (Chris Rea song)

"**On the Beach**" is a 1986 song by English singer Chris Rea and is the second single from his eighth studio album _On the Beach_. It went to number 12 in the United Kingdom and number 18 in Ireland in 1988. It was covered by German dance band York in 1999.

### Original release

**7-inch single**
1. "On the Beach (Special Remix)" – 4:20
1. "If Anybody Asks You" – 5:00

**7-inch single (alternative release)**
1. "On the Beach" – 5:03
1. "On the Beach (Special Remix)" – 4:20

**2x 7-inch single (UK limited edition release)**
1. "On the Beach (Special Remix)" – 4:20
1. "If Anybody Asks You" – 5:00
1. "Chris Rea Live" – 3:37 <small>Live at the Hammersmith Odeon - London 2 May 1986</small>
1. "Chris Rea Live" – 4:31 <small>Live at the Hammersmith Odeon - London 2 May 1986</small>

**7-inch single (US release)**
1. "On the Beach (Edit)" – 3:47
1. "Se Sequi" – 5:03

**7-inch single (US promo)**
1. "On the Beach (Edit)" – 3:47
1. "On the Beach (Edit)" – 3:47

**12-inch single**
1. "On the Beach (Special Extended Remix)" – 6:02
1. "If Anybody Asks You" – 5:00
1. "On the Beach (Special Remix)" – 4:20

**12-inch single (Italian promo)**
1. "On the Beach (Special Remix)" – 4:20
1. "If Anybody Asks You" – 5:00
1. "One Golden Rule" – 4:45
1. "Midnight Blue" – 6:28

### 1988 release

**7-inch single**
1. "On the Beach Summer '88" – 3:45
1. "I'm Taking the Day Out" – 3:25

**12-inch single**
1. "On the Beach Summer '88" – 6:50
1. "I'm Taking the Day Out" – 3:25
1. "It's All Gone (Live in Montreux)" – 8:10

**CD single**
1. "On the Beach Summer '88" – 3:44
1. "I'm Taking the Day Out" – 3:23
1. "It's All Gone (Live in Montreux)" – 8:11
1. "September Blue" – 3:06

**CD single (US promo)**
1. "On the Beach (Edit)" – 3:47
1. "On the Beach (LP Version)" – 6:50

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: On the Beach
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Chris Rea
- **album**: On the Beach (Chris Rea album), On the Beach  New Light Through Old Windows
- **genre**: Soft rock
- **length**: 4:20
- **writer**: Chris Rea
- **prev title**: It's All Gone
- **prev year**: 1986
- **next title**: Hello Friend (song), Hello Friend
- **next year**: 1986
Neil Breen

**Neil Breen** (born November 23, 1958) is an American filmmaker and actor. He is known for making independent movies. Many of his movies have a cult following for their low budgets.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Neil Breen
- **image**: Neil Breen (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: United States
- **caption**: Breen in 2017
- **nationality**: American
Cornufer manus

***Cornufer manus*** is a frog. It lives in the Nakanai Mountains on New Britain Island in Papua New Guinea.
Crush (Mandy Moore song)

"**Crush**" is a 2001 song by Mandy Moore. It is the second single from her second studio album _Mandy Moore_. It went to number 25 in Australia and number 35 on the Billboard Mainstream top 40 charts.

## Track listing

**Australian CD single**
1. "Crush" (remix)
1. "Crush" (album version)
1. "In My Pocket" (Brandnew remix)
1. Album mix tape

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Crush
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Mandy Moore
- **album**: Mandy Moore (album), Mandy Moore
- **b-side**: "In My Pocket" (Brandnew remix)
- **genre**: Teen pop
- **length**: 3:43
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **writer**: * Kenny Gioia
* Shep Goodman
- **producer**: * Kenny Gioia
* Shep Goodman
- **prev title**: In My Pocket
- **prev year**: 2001
- **next title**: Cry (Mandy Moore song), Cry
- **next year**: 2001
Polylactic acid

**Polylactic acid** (PLA) is a type of plastic. Specifically it is a type of polyester. It is the most popular plastic for 3D printing. It has many properties that make it an ideal material for 3D printing. It has a low melting point, and it does not shrink much when it cools. PLA is usually made from sugar or starch.

## Environmental impact

PLA can break down in a high-temperature industrial compost, but the most common way of disposing of it is burning it; it does not release any toxic fumes except carbon monoxide, which is released by almost any burning material, because it is only made of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon. In the natural outdoor environment or in the ocean, it does not break down any faster than other plastics such as ABS or PET.
I Won't Hold You Back

"**I Won't Hold You Back**" is a 1983 song by American rock band Toto. It is from their fourth studio album _Toto IV_. It went to number 11 in Ireland, number 10 in the United States and number 17 in Canada. It was later sampled by Roger Sanchez for his song _Another Chance_.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: I Won't Hold You Back
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Toto (band), Toto
- **album**: Toto IV
- **released**: March 1983
- **recorded**: 1982
- **studio**: Sunset Sound Recorders, Sunset Sound (Hollywood)
- **genre**: Soft rock
- **length**: 4:53
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: Steve Lukather
- **producer**: Toto (band), Toto
- **prev title**: Africa (Toto song), Africa
- **prev year**: 1982
- **next title**: Waiting for Your Love (Toto song), Waiting for Your Love
- **next year**: 1983
Inauguration of Andrew Johnson

The **inauguration of Andrew Johnson** as the 17th president of the United States happened on April 15, 1865, at Kirkwood House in Washington, D.C. It was held after Abraham Lincoln, the president of the United States, was killed. The inauguration marked the start of Andrew Johnson's only term (a partial term of ) as president.

Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the presidential oath of office to Johnson. This inauguration was the third one to not be held on a scheduled date, which was normally March 4.

After being sworn in, President Johnson gave a short inaugural address that was impromptu (unprepared). In his speech, he asked Lincoln's cabinet to stay with him, and then attacked the Confederate States of America. One person who heard the speech said, "It would have been better had he been struck dumb."

Some newspaper reports said Johnson had gotten heavily drunk, in that when President Lincoln's aides came to get to Johnson, they were not able to wake him up for a short time. The reports said that when Johnson was awoken, "he had puffy eyes and his hair was caked with mud from the street," and that a barber and doctor came to clean him up for the ceremony, which most reports said went smoothly.

However, this has been disagreed on, according to other reports believed more accurate by some.

## Related pages

- Reconstruction era
Driving Home for Christmas

"**Driving Home for Christmas**" is a 1988 Christmas song by English singer Chris Rea. It was taken from his compilation album _New Light Through Old Windows_. It had modest chart placings until 2007 when it placed at #33 and reached its new peak of #10 in 2022. It has been covered by many artists since then.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Driving Home for Christmas
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Chris Rea
- **album**: New Light Through Old Windows
- **released**: 10 December 1988
- **recorded**: 1986 (original version)
1988 (re-recorded)
- **genre**: Pop rock, Christmas music, Christmas
- **length**: 4:33
- **label**: Magnet Records, Magnet
- **writer**: Chris Rea
- **producer**: Chris Rea, Stuart Eales
- **prev title**: Fool (If You Think It's Over) ('88 Remix)
- **prev year**: 1988
- **next title**: Working on It
- **next year**: 1989
Halswell

**Halswell** is a suburb of Christchurch. It was originally a separate village until the 1960s when Oaklands subdivision was added, this expanded further when Westlake was developed in the late 1980s and in the early 2000s when Aidanfield was developed to co-join the city. State Highway 75 runs through the suburb.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **zoom**: 11


## Infobox (new zealand suburbs)

- **name**: Halswell
- **image**: Te Hāpua- Halswell Centre 02.jpg
- **caption1**: Te Hāpua, a city library and community centre in Halswell
- **city1**: Christchurch
- **council**: Christchurch City Council
- **ward**: Halswell
- **area**: 1076
- **north**: Oaklands, New Zealand, Oaklands
- **northeast**: Hoon Hay
- **east**: Westmorland, New Zealand, Westmorland
- **southeast**: Kennedys Bush
- **south**: Ladbrooks
- **west**: Prebbleton
Tepezalá

**Tepezalá** is a municipality in the Mexican state of Aguascalientes.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Tepezalá
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Mexico, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Parroquia de Nuestra Señora del Refugio desde el Observatorio Hipatia de Tepezalá 05.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **pushpin map**: Mexico
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Mexico, State
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Omar Israel Camarillo
- **area total km2**: 232.1
- **population total**: 22,485
- **population as of**: March 15, 2020
- **population density km2**: 96.88
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: −06:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 01009
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:MX, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Trith-Saint-Léger

**Trith-Saint-Léger** is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Trith-Saint-Léger
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mairie de trith.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Trith-Saint-Léger
- **image coat of arms**: Ecu_d'argent_au_croissant_de_gueules.svg
- **arrondissement**: Valenciennes
- **canton**: Aulnoy-lez-Valenciennes
- **insee**: 59603
- **postal code**: 59125
- **mayor**: Dominique Savary
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Communauté d'agglomération de la Porte du Hainaut, CA Porte du Hainaut
- **elevation m**: 25
- **elevation min m**: 21
- **elevation max m**: 81
- **area km2**: 6.87
Domain-driven design

**Domain-driven design** is a way of modelling and building software systems. The basic idea is that the model of the software should also be a model of the application domain. In domain-driven design the software models certain aspects of the problem. People will use certain terms, which have a very specific meaning. This meaning is linked to the problem domain in which it is used (called a context). In different contexts, the term may have a different meaning.

In order to connect the different contexts, a common language is needed (where everyone agrees on the specific meaning of the terms used). Eric Evans, who created the term Domain-driven design calles it ubiquitous language, and  defines it as follows: “A language structured around the domain model and used by all team members to connect all the activities of the team with the software.”.
Polestar

**Polestar** is a Swedish automotive brand. It was established in 1996 by Volvo Cars' partner Flash/Polestar Racing. It was acquired in 2015 by Volvo. The company is headquartered in Torslanda near Gothenburg, Sweden. The vehicles are made in China.

The Polestar name comes from the Polestar racing team. The racing team changed its name to Cyan Racing but still has close ties to Volvo.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Polestar AB
- **logo**: Polestar logo 2020.svg
- **type**: Public company
- **location**: Gothenburg, Sweden
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **owner**: Volvo Cars (49.5%)
- **revenue**: (2021)
- **operating income**: (2021)
- **net income**: (2021)
- **assets**: (2021)
- **equity**: (2021)
- **num employees**: 1,300+ (December 2021)
Castellbell i el Vilar

**Castellbell i el Vilar** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Castellbell i el Vilar
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de Castellbell i el Vilar.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Adrià Valls
- **area total km2**: 28.52
- **population total**: 3,851
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 135.0
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08296
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08053
Iowa Writer's Workshop

The **Iowa Writers' Workshop**, at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, is a famous graduate-level creative writing program in the United States. Its official name is the Program in Creative Writing.

Students can earn a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degree in Creative Writing. This lets them teach Creative Writing at other colleges and universities. Because the program is also a workshop, students talk about their writing with each other and their teachers.

It is the oldest MFA writing program in America. It was started in 1936. Many successful writers have studied in this program. Some of its earliest teachers and visiting writers were Robert Frost, Robert Penn Warren, John Berryman, Dylan Thomas, and Robert Lowell.

Many teachers and students from the program have won Pulitzer Prizes in Fiction and Poetry. Some of them are:

- John Berryman; 1965, _77 Dream Songs_
- John Cheever: 1979,_The Stories of John Cheever_
- Rita Dove: 1987, _Thomas and Beulah_
- Louise Glück: 1993, _The Dream of the Unified Field_
- Donald R. Justice: 1980, _Selected Poems_
- Carolyn Kizer: 1985, _Yin_
- Philip Levine: 1995, _The Simple Truth_
- Robert Lowell: 1947, _Lord Weary's Castle_; 1974, _The Dolphin_
- James Alan McPherson: 1978, _Elbow Room_
- Marilynne Robinson: 2005, _Gilead_
- Philip Roth: 1998. _American Pastoral_
- W.D. Snodgrass: 1960, _Heart's Needle_
- Mark Strand: 1999, _Blizzard of One_
- James Tate: 1992, _Selected Poems_
- Mona Van Duyn: 1991, _Near Changes_
- Charles Wright: 1998, _Black Zodiac_
- Michael Cunningham 1999 The Hours
- Mark Strand 1999 _Blizzard of One_
- Nilo Cruz 2003 _Anna in the Tropics_
- Marilynne Robinson 2005 _Gilead_
- Robert Hass 2008 _Time and Materials_
- Philip Schultz 2008 _Failure_
- David Lang 2008 _The Little Match Girl Passion_
- Paul Harding 2010 _Tinkers_
- Andrew Sean Greer 2018 _Less_
- Forrest Gander 2019 _Be With _
- _Jayne Anne Phillips 2024 Night Watch__    _
- Robert Penn Warren: 1947, _All the King's Men_; 1958, _Promises: Poems 1954-1956_; 1979, _Now and Then_
Castellfollit del Boix

**Castellfollit del Boix** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Castellfollit del Boix
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Bandera de Castellfollit del Boix.svg
- **image seal**: Escut de Castellfollit del Boix.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Celestí Rius
- **area total km2**: 59.39
- **population total**: 450
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 7.577
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08255
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08059
Castellgalí

**Castellgalí** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Castellgalí
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de Castellgalí.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Cristòfol Gimeno
- **area total km2**: 17.29
- **population total**: 2,180
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 126.1
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08297
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08061
Castellnou de Bages

**Castellnou de Bages** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Castellnou de Bages
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Bandera de Castellnou de Bages.svg
- **image seal**: Escut de Castellnou de Bages.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, Community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Domènec Òrrit
- **area total km2**: 29.14
- **population total**: 1,431
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 49.11
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08251, 08260
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08062
Fonollosa

**Fonollosa** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Fonollosa
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de Fonollosa.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Eloi Hernàndez
- **area total km2**: 52.15
- **population total**: 1,497
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 28.71
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08259
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08084
Gaià

**Gaià** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Gaià
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Bandera de Gaià.svg
- **image seal**: Escut de Gaià.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Núria Casanovas
- **area total km2**: 39.60
- **population total**: 188
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 4.747
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08672
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08090
Marganell

**Marganell** is a municipality in the Province of Barcelona, in Catalonia, Spain.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Marganell
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: Escut de Marganell.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Catalonia#Spain Province of Barcelona
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Ramon Costa
- **area total km2**: 13.35
- **population total**: 270
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 20.22
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 08298
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 08242
Armaan

Armaan means wish or hope originating from Persian word meaning hope.
**Armaan** is the name of a Muslim or Hindu boy.

## Movies

- _Armaan_ (1942 movie), a movie directed by Kidar Nath Sharma
- Armaan (1953 movie), a 1953 Bollywood movie
- _Armaan_ (1966 movie), a Pakistani movie starring Waheed Murad
- _Armaan_ (1981 movie), a Hindi movie starring Raj Babbar and Shammi Kapoor
- _Armaan_ (2003 movie), a Hindi movie starring Amitabh Bachchan, Anil Kapoor, Preity Zinta and Gracy Singh
- _Armaan_ (2013 movie), a Pakistani movie starring Fawad Khan and Aamina Sheikh
- _Armaan_ (2017 movie), a Gujarati movie starring Poojan Trivedi, Alisha Parjapati, Netri Trivedi

## People with the given name

- Armaan Ebrahim (born 1989), Indian car racer
- Armaan Jaffer (born 1997), Indian cricketer
- Armaan Jain (born 1990), Indian actor
- Armaan Khan (born 1980), Pakistani cricketer
- Armaan Kohli (born 1972), Indian actor
- Armaan Malik (born 1995), Indian singer
- Armaan Verma, Indian movie child actor
- Armaan Yadav Rapper in Delhi
Fucsia (Castiglioni)

**Fucsia** is a type of ceiling pendant lamp. It was designed by the architect Achille Castiglioni.

The  prototype was  presented in 1996, and put into production by Flos. The decision to create a suspension lamp with multiple light points is linked to the typology of chandeliers of the past and draws inspiration from a chandelier with multiple light points designed by father Giannino Castiglioni for his home in Lierna on Lake Como in 1925.

Suspension lamp suitable for solving the problem of uniform direct and diffused lighting on various surface dimensions.

The lamp body has design characteristics and dimensions such as to allow, in addition to the use of the single, multiple solutions.

## Other websites

- Fucsia, Fondazione Achille Castiglioni
Draßburg

**Draßburg** is a municipality in the district of Mattersburg in the Austrian state of Burgenland.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Draßburg
- **settlement type**: List of settlements in Austria, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image seal**: AUT Draßburg COA.jpg
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Austria, District
- **subdivision name2**: Mattersburg District, Mattersburg
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Christoph Haider
- **area total km2**: 9.670
- **population total**: 1,123
- **population as of**: October 31, 2011
- **population density km2**: 116.1
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 7021
- **area code type**: Area code
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:AT, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Attendance Allowance

**Attendance Allowance** is a Social Security benefit for disabled people in the United Kingdom.  It was started in 1970.

To get it people must show that they need help or have difficulty in connection with their bodily functions or need to be looked after all the time. Bodily functions are things that most people would do for themselves; they do not include things like cooking, housework or getting food.

From 1992 people below pension age had to claim Disability Living Allowance instead.

From April 2023 the amount is:

- Higher rate: £101.75 per week for day and night care, or terminal illness.
- Basic rate: £68.10 per week for day or night care.

People who get Attendance Allowance may get increased means tested benefits.
Rates (tax)

**Rates** a sort of property tax in the United Kingdom and some other countries.

In England, they were started as part of the Poor Law.  They were agreed in the Act for the Relief of the Poor 1601.  They were first used to pay for workhouses and later for building roads. They paid for local government. Buildings were given a rateable value based on the rent it could fetch. This meant that people with more valuable buildings paid more.  The rateable value was to be calculated again every 5 years, but this was unpopular and often didn't happen. In 1990, Margaret Thatcher tried to replace it with the poll tax. This only lasted 3 years and then there was Council Tax.

People who do not have a water meter are charged for water according to the rateable value of their building.

## Business rates

Businesses still have to pay rates based on the value of their buildings. The rate is set by central government and is the same for the whole of England. The money is collected by local councils. This means that places where people are richer produce more money.

Charities and community amateur sports clubs only have to pay 20%.
Yellowstone cutthroat trout

The **Yellowstone cutthroat trout** (_Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri_) is a subspecies of the cutthroat trout (_Oncorhynchus clarkii_). It is a freshwater fish in the salmon family (family Salmonidae).  It lives in only to a few U.S. states. Its original range was upstream of Shoshone Falls on the Snake River and tributaries in Wyoming, across the Continental Divide in Yellowstone Lake and in the Yellowstone River and its tributaries downstream to the Tongue River in Montana. The species is also found in Idaho, Utah and Nevada.

## Description

The Yellowstone cutthroat trout is often golden brown with relatively big spots clustered toward its tail. Its body is compressed like most trout.

## Population threats

Their population has decreased a little due to overfishing and mining. The most serious threats are interbreeding with introduced rainbow trout to make cutbows in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem.

### Introduction to the Yellowstone River

Yellowstone cutthroat trout were never officially introduced into the Yellowstone River and their presence there is probably the result of accidental or illegal introductions.

## Other websites

- Wyoming Fish & Game Commission website