juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Wolfgang Thonke

**Wolfgang Thonke** (December 28, 1938 – January 22, 2019), was a German journalist, graduated military scientist, major general, and was the last Deputy Commanding General  (A3) of the National People's Army Air Force.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Wolfgang Thonke
- **image**: GenMaj-DrW-Thonke 1990.JPG
- **birth place**: Piła, Schneidemühl <small>(Piła, Province of Pomerania (1815–1945), Province of Pomerania Nazi Germany, DR)</small>
- **death place**: Strausberg <small>(Brandenburg, Germany, DE)</small>
- **allegiance**:  German Democratic Republic, GDR
- **branch**:  National People's Army, NPA

Air Forces of the National People's Army, NPA Air Force
- **serviceyears**: 1957-1990
- **rank**:  Major general
- **commands**: * Commander :de:Jagdfliegergeschwader 1, Fighter squadron 1
* Commander :de:Offiziershochschule der Luftstreitkräfte/Luftverteidigung für Militärflieger Otto Lilienthal, Officers academy „Otto Lilienthal“
* DC general of the National People's Army, NPA AF/ADF (A3)
Strausberg

**Strausberg** is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It is located 30 km east of Berlin. With a population of 25,594 it is the largest town in the district of Märkisch-Oderland.
Rosemary Bryant Mariner

Captain **Rosemary Bryant Mariner** (née **Merims**, formerly **Conatser**; April 2, 1953 – January 24, 2019) was an American aviator. She was one of the first six women to earn their wings as a United States Naval Aviator in 1974. She was the first female military aviator to be in command of an operational air squadron.

Mariner died on January 24, 2019 in Anderson County, Tennessee, aged 65 from ovarian cancer.

## Other websites

- The Year in Review (1997)  Naval Aviation News by William T. Baker
- United States Naval Aviation 1910–1995  from the Naval Historical Center
- Fallen Shipmates – China Lake
- U. S. Centennial of Flight – The Ninety-Nines
- The Ninety-nines: Sixty and Counting
- Study of War & Society – Personnel  University of Tennessee Knoxville
- Women Military Aviators

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Rosemary Bryant Mariner
- **image**: Capt Rosemary Bryant Mariner.jpg
- **caption**: Rosemary Bryant Mariner with an LTV A-7 Corsair II, A-7E Corsair II
- **birth place**: Harlingen, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: Anderson County, Tennessee, U.S.
- **serviceyears**: 1973–1997
- **rank**:  Captain (United States O-6), Captain
- **commands**: VAQ-34
Norman Orentreich

**Norman Orentreich** (; December 26, 1922 – January 23, 2019) was an American dermatologist. He was born in New York City. He was known for performing the first modern hair transplant. Orentreich created Estee Lauder Companies' Clinique line of skin care products. He was the first president of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery.

Orentreich died in New York City from congestive heart failure on January 23, 2019, aged 96.
Superpermutation

In combinatorial math, a **superpermutation** is a list of numbers that contains each different arrangement of symbols it is made up of inside of it. While superpermutations can simply be made up of every arrangement listed side by side, it can also be shorter. Sometimes, the arrangements may overlap. For example, when there are 2 different symbols, the superpermutation 1221 contains all possible arrangements, 12 and 21. The list 121 also contains both permutations, 12 at the beginning and 21 at the end.

As the number of symbols increases, the length of the superpermutation increases, too. The superpermutation with only 1 symbol is only 1 long (1), while the 2nd superpermutation is 3 long (121). The 3rd superpermutation is 9 long (123121321), and the 4th one is 33 long (123412314231243121342132413214321). The length of the superpermutation with 5 symbols is 153, and it looks like this:

123451234152341253412354123145231425314235142315423124531243512431
52431254312134521342513421534213542132451324153241352413254132145
3214352143251432154321

## Six or more symbol superpermutations

Right now, mathematicians do not know what the smallest superpermutation is when there are six or more symbols. However, over time the choices of what they could be have narrowed considerably from both above and below.

In September 2011, an unknown person on the internet forum 4chan showed people that there was definitely a smallest superpermutation for any superpermutation with more than 1 symbol. On the website, it was called "The Haruhi Problem", from a Japanese anime called _The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya._ It was phrased like this: what would be the shortest amount of episodes that you would need to watch in order to guarantee that you watched every episode of a show? In October 2018, mathematician Robin Houston tweeted about it.

On October 25, 2018, Robin Houston, Jay Pantone, and Vince Vatter made the unknown person's proof better and posted it to the mathematics community.

On October 20 2018, Greg Egan found smaller superpermutations for ones with six or more symbols than there had ever been. This shows that smallest superpermutation must be at most that size.

As time goes on, people think that the smallest and largest possible lengths for these superpermutations will be narrowed down further. There is only one definite smallest superpermutation for each number of symbols.

## Related pages

- Combination (mathematics)
- Graph theory
- Permutation
- Travelling salesman problem

## Other websites

- The Minimal Superpermutation Problem - Nathaniel Johnston's blog
Vrelo (Babušnica)

**Vrelo** is a village in Babušnica, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a total of 141 people.

## References

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## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Vrelo
- **native name**: Врело
- **settlement type**: Village
- **pushpin map**: Serbia
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Districts of Serbia, District
- **subdivision type2**: Municipalities of Serbia, Municipality
- **subdivision name1**: Šumadija
- **subdivision name2**: Babušnica
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population total**: 141
- **population as of**: 2002
Sheniz Janmohamed

**Sheniz Janmohamed** is a Canadian poet and arts educator based in Toronto, Ontario. Her work has been featured in several journals including Descant, Quill & Quire. In 2016, she obtained the Artist Educator Mentorship Certification from the Royal Conservatory, Toronto.

## Career

Sheniz was born in North York and raised in Scarborough. Sheniz attended at the University of Toronto and completed BA Honours in English and Religion. She also graduated from the University of Guelph and obtained a Master's Of Fine Arts in Creative Writing in 2006. In 2010, her first book, _Bleeding Light_, a collection of ghazals, was published by Mawenzi House. She has performed and lectured at several notable events including TedXYouth Conference, Vancouver Writers Fest. In 2013, she was invited to read on stage with Javed Akhtar at the _ZEE Jaipur Literature Festival_. In 2015, Sheniz was granted the Lois Birkenshaw-Fleming Creative Teaching Scholarship.

## Publications

- _Bleeding Light_, Mawenzi House - 2010
- _Firesmoke_, Mawenzi House - 2014

## Recognition

- _Lois Birkenshaw-Fleming Creative Teaching Scholarship_, 2015
- _Artist Educator Mentorship certification_, 2016

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sheniz Janmohamed
- **image**: File:Sheniz_Janmohamed.jpg
- **image size**: 180
- **birth place**: North York, Canada
- **education**: University of Guelph
University of Toronto
- **occupation**: Author, educator
- **years active**: 2009-present
- **known for**: _Bleeding Light_
- **website**: https://shenizjanmohamed.com/
Shane Dawson

**Shane Lee Yaw** (born July 19, 1988), known professionally as **Shane Dawson**, is an American YouTuber, author, sketch comedian, actor, director, media personality and musician. He was one of the first people to become famous on YouTube, and since kept an online presence.

He was born in Long Beach, California. He is known for his sketch-comedy videos, parody, Lets-Play and conspiracy theory videos.

In July 2015, Dawson came out as bisexual.

## Controversy

Dawson has faced some controversy in his career. Past videos where he portrayed African-American celebrities, said the racial slur "nigger" many times and wore blackface went viral which Dawson would apologize for. He would also garner controversy for comments he made about pedophilia and bestiality with his cat. He would also apologize for these.

After an old skit of Dawson where he pretended to masturbate to a poster of a then-11 year old Willow Smith went viral, Willow's brother Jaden and mother Jada would say that they are "done with the excuses".

Target would remove his books from their stores and YouTube would demonetize all three of Dawson's channels.

## Infobox (youtube personality)

- **embed**: yes
- **years active**: 2008-present
- **silver button**: yes
- **silver year**: 2009
- **gold button**: yes
- **gold year**: 2011
- **diamond button**: yes
- **diamond year**: 2017
- **stats update**: May 30, 2020


## Infobox (youtube personality)

- **name**: Shane Dawson
- **education**: Lakewood High School (California), Lakewood High School
- **image caption**: Dawson in 2016
- **birth name**: Shane Lee Yaw
- **years active**: 2008–present
- **image**: Shane Dawson (cropped).png
- **birth place**: Long Beach, California, U.S.
- **partner**: Lisa Schwartz (2011–2015)
Ryland Adams (2016–present; engaged 2019)
Jeffree Star

**Jeffree Star** (born **Jeffrey Lynn Steininger Jr.**; November 15, 1985) is a European-American businessman, entrepreneur, makeup artist, internet personality, singer, YouTuber and content creator. He is the founder and owner of Jeffree Star Cosmetics. Star was born in Orange County, California. In 2009, Star released his first and only studio album, _Beauty Killer_, which included songs such as "Lollipop Luxury" featuring Nicki Minaj. He is gay.

He appeared in the second version of Kesha's music video for her single "Take It Off" in 2010. His first cosmetics release was a collection of velour liquid lipsticks, which were followed by highlighter palettes, lip scrubs, eyeshadow palettes, clothing, and accessories, such as mirrors and make up bags.

## Other websites

- Jeffree Star on Buzznet
- Jeffree Star on PureVolume
Mohammad Nabi Habibi

**Mohammad Nabi Habibi** (, 19 December 1945 – 29 January 2019) was an Iranian politician. He was Secretary-General of the Islamic Coalition Party from 2004 until his death in 2019. He was Mayor of Tehran from 1983 until 1987, lasting 44 months.

Habibi died from a heart attack on 29 January 2019 in Tehran, aged 73.
Charles J. Hynes

**Charles Joseph Hynes** (May 28, 1935 – January 29, 2019) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician. He was born in New York City. He was Kings County District Attorney from 1990 to 2013. He was also the 24th New York City Fire Commissioner from 1980 to 1982.

Hynes died on January 29, 2019 at a hospital in Delray Beach, Florida following heart surgery and undergoing treatment for leukemia at the age of 83.
Per Jorsett

**Per Jorsett** (11 May 1920 – 30 January 2019) was a Norwegian freelance sports reporter, sport historian and sports shooter. He reported for _Sportsmanden_ from 1945 to 1961, and for the newspapers _Dagbladet_ and _Nationen_. He had commissions for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation from 1947 to 1991. He wrote books on the Olympic Games.

Jorsett died on 30 January 2019 in Oslo from cardiopulmonary arrest, aged 98.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Per Jorsett
- **image**: Europese schaatskampioenschappen heren 1979.ogv
- **caption**: Per Jorsett, reporting from an international Skating Championship
- **birth place**: Oslo, Kristiania, Norway
- **death place**: Oslo, Norway
- **death cause**: Cardiopulmonary arrest
- **nationality**: Norwegian
- **occupation**: Freelance sports reporter, sport historian and sports shooter
- **awards**: King's Medal of Merit
James Ingram

**James Edward Ingram** (February 16, 1952 – January 29, 2019) was an American singer-songwriter, record producer, actor and keyboardist. He won two Grammy Awards and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song two times. Ingram was born in Akron, Ohio.

He had two number-one singles on the Hot 100. The first was a duet with fellow R&B artist Patti Austin in 1982's "Baby, Come to Me",  1984's "Yah Mo B There" with Michael McDonald and "I Don't Have the Heart", which became his second number-one in 1990 was his only number-one as a solo artist.

He was also known for the song "Somewhere Out There" with fellow recording artist Linda Ronstadt for the animated movie _An American Tail_.

Ingram died on January 29, 2019, at age 66, from brain cancer, at his home in Los Angeles.
Ladysmith, Wisconsin

**Ladysmith** is a city and the county seat of Rusk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,216 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ladysmith, Wisconsin
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: State Bank of Ladysmith Wisconsin.jpg
- **image caption**: State Bank of Ladysmith
- **image map**: File:Rusk County Wisconsin Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Ladysmith Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Ladysmith in Rusk County, Wisconsin.
- **pushpin map**: USA Wisconsin#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Wisconsin
- **pushpin label**: Ladysmith
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wisconsin, County
- **subdivision name2**: Rusk County, Wisconsin, Rusk
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 11.90
- **area land km2**: 10.93
- **area water km2**: 0.97
- **area total sq mi**: 4.59
- **area land sq mi**: 4.22
- **area water sq mi**: 0.38
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3216
- **population density km2**: 294.2
- **population density sq mi**: 762.1
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 1145
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 54848
- **area code**: Area codes 715 and 534, 715 & 534
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 55-40850
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1567715
Mount Asgard

**Mount Asgard** is a mountain in Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. The mountain has a two mountain peaks. The mountain peaks are flat at the top, in a circular shape. The peaks are connected by a large piece of rock. The mountain is on the Cumberland Peninsula of Baffin Island and it is part of the Baffin Mountains mountain range. The mountain is made up of granite. The mountain is named after Asgard. Asgard is the home of the gods in Norse mythology.

## History

The northern peak of Mount Asgard was climbed for the first time in 1953. The climbers that climbed the mountain were J. Weber, J. Marmet, and H. Röthlisberger. They were Swiss scientists that were part of the Arctic Institute Baffin Island Expedition. The expedition's leader was a Canadian named P. Baird.

The southern peak of the mountain was climbed for the first time in 1971. The climbers that climbed it were G. Lee, R. Wood, P. Clanky, J. Pavur, Y. Kamisawa and P. Koch. Since the peaks have been climbed for the first time, there are now more than 13 routes going up the mountain. Most of these routes are very difficult and challenging. They often use free climbing and aid climbing techniques.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount Asgard
- **photo**: Mount_Asgard_3_2001-07-25.jpg
- **photo caption**: Mount Asgard in July 2001
- **elevation m**: 2015
- **location**: Nunavut, Canada
- **range**: Baffin Mountains
- **topo**: National Topographic System, NTS 026I/11
- **type**: granite
- **first ascent**: 1953 by J. Weber, J. Marmet, H. Röthlisberger
- **easiest route**: technical rock climb (Grade (climbing), Grade IV, Yosemite Decimal System, YDS 5.8/5.9, A1)
Real (hypermarket)

**Mein real** (stylised **mein real**, **real** until 2022 and **real,-** until 2017) is a German hypermarket chain operating in Germany and earlier in Europe that was part of the German trade and retail giant Metro AG. It was founded in 1992.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: mein real
- **logo**: Mein real-Logo.svg
- **type**: Privately held company, Private
- **foundation**: 1992
- **area served**: Germany
- **industry**: Retail
MediaMarkt

**MediaMarkt** is a German chain of stores selling consumer electronics with numerous branches throughout Europe. It is owned by Media-Saturn Group.

It is Europe's largest retailer of consumer electronics, and the second largest in the world after American retailer Best Buy.

## Other websites

- Official website
Fairfield, Texas

**Fairfield** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Freestone County.
Bay City, Texas

**Bay City** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Matagorda County.
Memphis, Texas

**Memphis** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Hall County.
Nelson County, North Dakota

**Nelson County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 3,015 people lived there. The county seat is Lakota. It was founded in 1883.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Nelson County
- **state**: North Dakota
- **ex image**: Lakota North Dakota Water Tower.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Water Tower behind Lakota City Hall.
- **founded**: March 2, 1883 (created)
June 9, 1883 (organized)
- **seat wl**: Lakota
- **largest city wl**: Lakota
- **area total sq mi**: 1009
- **area land sq mi**: 982
- **area water sq mi**: 27
- **area percentage**: 2.7
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 3015
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: https://www.nelsonco.org/
- **district**: At-large
Deaths in February 2019

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in February 2019**. Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

### 1

- Conway Berners-Lee, 97, English mathematician and computer scientist, developed Ferranti Mark 1.
- Alice Dye, 91, American amateur golfer and golf course designer (TPC at Sawgrass).
- Jeremy Hardy, 57, English comedian, radio host and panelist (_The News Quiz_, _I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue_, _Jeremy Hardy Speaks to the Nation_), cancer.
- Ursula Karusseit, 79, German actress (_Ways across the Country_, _KLK Calling PTZ – The Red Orchestra_), heart disease.
- Lisa Seagram, 82, American actress (_A House Is Not a Home_, _Caprice_, _The Beverly Hillbillies_), dementia.
- Clive Swift, 82, English actor (_The National Health_, _Keeping Up Appearances_, _The Old Guys_) and songwriter, respiratory failure.
Maidan Shar attack

On 21 January 2019, in central Afghanistan, the Taliban attacked a military compound in Maidan Shar, Maidan Wardak Province. The attack killed soldiers of the Afghan National Security Forces.

The Taliban attacked while in the process of negotiating a truce with the United States. The attack began when a car bomb rammed through a military checkpoint and onto the grounds of the compound, where the car exploded. After the explosion, two gunmen entered the base and opened fire on Afghan soldiers, before both attackers were shot dead.

126 people were killed in the attack. The Taliban claimed responsibility, saying that over 190 people were killed in the attack. The Afghan National Directorate of Security reported that 36 military personnel were killed.
2019 South Sulawesi floods

On 22 January 2019, floods caused by heavy rainfall hit the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi. At least 68 people were killed. Gowa Regency was hard-hit having the majority of the fatalities.

The most destructive flood was caused by the overflowing of the Jeneberang River and the opening of the watergates of the Bili-Bili Dam in Gowa, though other floods also occurred elsewhere in the province.

## Infobox (event)

- **name**: 2019 South Sulawesi floods
- **image**: South_Sulawesi_in_Indonesia.svg
- **caption**: South Sulawesi province shaded red on a map of Indonesia
- **date**: 22 January 2019
- **reported deaths**: 68
- **reported injuries**: 47
- **reported missing**: 6
Brumadinho dam disaster

The **Brumadinho dam disaster** occurred on 25 January 2019 when a tailings dam  at an iron ore mine in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil suffered a collapsed and exploded.

The dam was owned by Vale, the same company which was involved in the 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster.

The dam released a mudflow that advanced over houses in a rural area near the city.  At least 110 people died as a result of the collapse.

President Jair Bolsonaro, sent three ministers to follow the rescue efforts.
2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings

On the morning of January 27, 2019, two bombs exploded at the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Jolo, Sulu, in the Philippines. Twenty people were killed and 82 injured in the bombings. The Islamic State (IS) took responsibility for the bombings.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: 2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings
- **image**: Aftermath of the Jolo Cathedral bombings.jpg
- **caption**: Aftermath of the bombing inside the Cathedral Our Lady of Mount Carmel.
- **map caption**: Location of Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral in Jolo, Sulu.
- **location**: Jolo, Sulu
- **target**: Our Lady of Mount Carmel Cathedral, Jolo
- **time**: 08:28
- **timezone**: UTC+08:00
- **fatalities**: 20 (14 civilians, 5 soldiers and 1 coast-guardsman)
- **injuries**: 102
- **perpetrators**: Abu Sayyaf

- **weapons**: Ammonium nitrate pipe bombs
- **numparts**: 6
January–February 2019 North American cold wave

In late January, 2019, a severe cold wave caused by a polar vortex hit the Midwestern United States and Eastern Canada and lasted into February. It killed between 8 and 21 people. It came after a winter storm that brought nearly  of snow in some parts of the region.

The U.S. states of Michigan, New York, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota and Indiana were affected by the vortex. In Canada, parts of the provinces of Manitoba and Ontario were affected.

In the Chicago area, temperatures went as low as  at O'Hare International Airport on January 30. Chicago's Northerly Island recorded temperatures as low as  and Chicago's Midway International Airport recorded a temperature of . Chicago also reached record lows on January 31, with a temperature of  and a windchill of .
Jean-Marc Fontaine

**Jean-Marc Fontaine** (13 March 1944 – 29 January 2019) was a French mathematician. He was one of the founders of p-adic Hodge theory. He was a professor at Paris-Sud 11 University from 1988 to his death. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France.

In 1984 he received the Prix Carrière from the French Academy of Sciences. Beginning in 2002 he was a member of the French Academy of Sciences. In 2014 he was elected a member of the Academia Europaea.

Fontaine died on 29 January 2019 in Paris from thyroid cancer at the age of 74.
Andy Hebenton

**Andrew Alexander "Spuds" Hebenton** (October 3, 1929 – January 29, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He holds the record for the longest streak without missing a game in professional hockey history. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Hebenton played for the New York Rangers and Boston Bruins. He retired in 1976.

Hebenton died on January 29, 2019 in Portland, Oregon from bladder cancer, aged 89.
Stewart Adams

**Stewart Sanders Adams**  (1923 – 30 January 2019) was a British chemist. He was known for creating ibuprofen in the early 1960s.

Adams died aged 95 at the Queen's Medical Centre in Nottingham from pneumonia on 30 January 2019.

## Other websites

- Boots
- Chemistry in your cupboard - Royal Society of Chemistry
- BBC 2006
- The ibuprofen inventor

## Infobox (scientist)

- **birth name**: Stewart Sanders Adams
- **honorific suffix**: Officer of the Order of the British Empire, OBE
- **name**: Stewart Adams
- **birth date**: 1923
- **birth place**: Byfield, Northamptonshire, Byfield, Northamptonshire, England
- **death place**: Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England
- **citizenship**: British
- **nationality**: English
- **work institutions**: Boots Pure Drug Company
- **alma mater**: University of Nottingham
- **known for**: Development of Ibuprofen
Kálmán Ihász

**Kálmán Ihász** (6 March 1941 – 31 January 2019) was a Hungarian footballer. During his club career he played for Vasas SC. For the Hungary national football team, he participated in the 1962 FIFA World Cup. He also won a gold medal in 1964 Summer Olympics. Ihász was born in Budapest.

Ihász died on 31 January 2019 in Budapest from cerebral infarction, aged 77.
Pierre Nanterme

**Pierre Nanterme** (7 September 1959 – 31 January 2019) was a French business executive. He was the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Accenture.

Nanterme was diagnosed with colon cancer in 2016. Nanterme died on 31 January 2019 at the age of 59.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Pierre Nanterme
- **birth place**: Lyon, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **nationality**: French
- **known for**: Chairman & CEO of Accenture
- **alma mater**: ESSEC Business School
Georges Sarre

**Georges Sarre** (26 November 1935 – 31 January 2019) was a French politician. He was born in Chénérailles, Creuse. He was the  leader of the Citizen and Republican Movement. He was elected MEP in the 1979 European elections and was elected to the French National Assembly for Paris in 1981.

Sarre died on 31 January 2019 in Paris from coronary artery disease, aged 83.
Don Laughlin

**Donald J. "Don" Laughlin** (May 4, 1931 – October 22, 2023) was an American gambling entrepreneur, hotelier and rancher. The town of Laughlin, Nevada, is named after him.

Laughlin moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, in the late 1950s and purchased his first casino, the "101 Club." By 1964, Laughlin had sold the 101 Club. He is known for owning the Riverside Resort Hotel & Casino.
Laughlin married Betty L. Jones in 1953. They had three children and were married until her death in 2022.

Laughlin died on October 22, 2023, at the age of 92.

## Other websites

- Riverside Resort and Casino official website
- Article on how Laughlin was one of the first hundred people to shape Southern Nevada
- History of Laughlin, Nevada at A2zlasvegas.com
- Copy of 1996 _Sunset_ magazine article about Don Laughlin at Questia Online Library
- Article about Laughlin, Nevada and Don Laughlin at About.com
- Brief history about Laughlin, Nevada and Don Laughlin at Californiaweekend.com

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Don Laughlin
- **image**: Don_Laughlin cropped.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Laughlin in 2009
- **birth name**: Donald Joseph Laughlin
- **birth place**: Owatonna, Minnesota, U.S.
- **occupation**: Businessman
- **children**: 3
Robert Ettinger

**Robert Chester Wilson Ettinger** (December 4, 1918 – July 23, 2011) was an American academic. He was known as "the father of cryonics" because of the impact of his 1962 book _The Prospect of Immortality_.

Ettinger founded the Cryonics Institute and the related Immortalist Society and until 2003.

## Infobox (person)

- **birthname**: Robert Chester Wilson Ettinger
- **image**: Robert_Ettinger_Soldier_WWII.jpg
- **caption**: Photo of Ettinger taken in the 1940s.
- **birth place**: Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States
- **death place**: Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
- **resting place**: Patient at the Cryonics Institute
- **nationality**: American
- **education**: Teacher for physics and mathematics
- **alma mater**: Wayne State University
- **organization**: Cryonics Institute, Immortalist Society
- **known for**: starting the idea of cryonics
- **notable works**: [https://archive.today/20120801065253/http://www.cryonics.org/Trump.html The Penultimate Trump]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20101121053907/http://cryonics.org/book1.html The Prospect of Immortality]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20130828014330/http://www.cryonics.org/book2.html Man Into Superman]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20060908214945/http://www.cryonics.org/youniverse.html Youniverse]
- **children**: David (1951)
Shelley (1954)
- **parents**: Rhea Chaloff Ettinger
FM-2030

**FM-2030** (born **Fereidoun M. Esfandiary** ; October 15, 1930 – July 8, 2000) was a Belgian-born Iranian-American author, teacher, transhumanist philosopher, futurist, consultant and athlete. He was a known transhumanist with the book _Are You a Transhuman?: Monitoring and Stimulating Your Personal Rate of Growth in a Rapidly Changing World_, published in 1989.

## Other websites

- NPR story about FM-2030
- Ilija Trojanow on F.M. Esfandiary: Searching for Identity in Iran's Labyrinthine Bureaucracy
- "Are You a Transhuman?: Monitoring and Stimulating Your Personal Rate of Growth in a Rapidly Changing World" (PDF)
- FM-2030 interview on CNN Larry King Live, in 1990

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: FM-2030
- **image**: FM2030.jpg
- **birth name**: Fereidoun M. Esfandiary
- **birth place**: Brussels, Belgium
- **death place**: New York City, New York, U.S.
- **occupation**: Writer, philosopher, teacher, consultant
- **nationality**: Iranian-American
- **genre**: Science fiction, futurology
- **movement**: Transhumanism
- **notableworks**: _Are You a Transhuman?_
Dick Clair

**Dick Clair** (November 12, 1931 – December 12, 1988) was an American television producer, actor and television and movie writer. He was born in San Francisco, California. He was best known for the television sitcoms _It's a Living_, _The Facts of Life_, and _Mama's Family_.

He won three Emmy Award for his writings on _The Carol Burnett Show_ (1974, 1975, 1978).

Clair died of AIDS in Los Angeles on December 12, 1988, aged 57. His body is chronologically frozen.
Gendarmerie

The **gendarmerie** means either the place where gendarmes are stationed or a military armed force. The gendarmerie is part of the army. In places where gendarmes are deployed outside, they also have a provost function.

## Name

The term gendarme comes from the old medieval French _gens d'armes_. In English, it can be translated as men-at-arms. In Italy, they are called _carabinieri_. In first use, a troop of horsemen equipped with a carbine.

## Functions

Like the police, it has a role in road safety and surveillance of military places. The gendarmerie also provides mountain rescue capability. In conflict zones, the gendarmerie's function is the restoration of law and order as a provost unit. In addition to the police, the gendarmerie has military equipments such as armored transport.

## French influence

The use of military units for civilian police is common to many eras and cultures. Belgium and Austria had gendarmeries (Royal Guard), but they merged with civilian police. Many former French colonies, particularly in Africa, have kept gendarmeries. The common symbol of the gendarmerie is the inflamed grenade. This symbol was used first by the French gendarmerie.
Argentine food

**Argentine food** is a mix of foods from various cultures. There are Mediterranean influences (Italian, Spanish) and indigenous peoples.

There are many agricultural products that are  available in the country. Beef eating has averaged 100 kg (220 lbs) per capital, consumption averaged 67.7 kg (149 lbs) in 2007. Beyond _asado_ (the Argentine barbecue), no other dish matches the national identity. The country's vast area, and cultural diversity, have led to a local cuisine of various dishes.

Argentine people have a reputation for their love of eating. Social gatherings are commonly centered on sharing a meal. Invitations to have dinner at home is generally viewed as a symbol of friendship, warmth, and integration. Sunday family lunch is considered the most significant meal of the week, whose highlights often include asado or pasta.

Argentine restaurants include a great variety of cuisines, prices, and flavors. Large cities tend to host everything from high-end international cuisine, to bodegón (inexpensive traditional hidden taverns), less stylish restaurants, and bars and canteens offering a range of dishes at affordable prices.
Ely College

**Ely College** is a secondary school located in Ely, Cambridgeshire.

## History

In 1957, Ely High School for Girls moved out of the centre of Ely to Downham Road. A primary school was built around the same time. In 1969 a charity donation meant a secondary school was built. In 1972 these schools became the City of Ely Community College. It was re-named Ely College in 2011.
In 2011 Ely College became an Academy. It joined the Cfbt Trust in 2012. It then joined the CMAT Trust in 2016 instead.

## CMAT and the House System

CMAT was formed in 2011. The Trust began as Cambridge Meridian Education Trust (CMET) in 2009. The trust started with Swavesey Village College. In 2011 CMET became Cambridge Meridian Academies Trust (CMAT). This meant it could have more academies.

Ely College is organised into four 'Houses'. Each of them have around 250 students and 30 staff. They are named Etheldreda, Scott, Franklin and Turing. This system is used in many of the CMAT academies.

## Bishop Laney

Bishop Laney Sixth Form is on the same site as the College. It used to be called Ely College Sixth Form. It is a project between Ely College and Soham Village College.
The Sixth Form offers A-Level courses and Technical Awards. It also works with Norwich City Football Club who run a football course.

## Ofsted reports

In 2013, Ofsted rated Ely College as 'Good'.

In 2015, Ofsted rated Ely College as 'Inadequate'. It needed special measures.

## Other websites

- Official School website
- Official CMAT website
- Official Sixth Form website

## Infobox (uk school)

- **name**: Ely College
- **image**: Ely College wiki-image.jpg
- **caption**: Ely College students, 2011
- **type**: Secondary Academy and Sixth Form
- **head label**: Principal
- **head**: Richard Spencer
- **address**: Downham Road
- **city**: Ely
- **county**: Cambridgeshire
- **country**: England
- **postcode**: CB6 2SH
- **gender**: Both
- **lower age**: 11
- **upper age**: 18
- **website**: http://www.elycollege.com/
Kaufland

**Kaufland**  is a German hypermarket chain. It is a part of the Schwarz Gruppe. Schwarz Gruppe also owns Lidl and Handelshof. In 1984, the first store was opened in Neckarsulm and quickly expanded to become a leader in what was formerly East Germany. The chain operates over 1,200 stores in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia. Kaufland plans to open stores in Moldova.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Kaufland
- **logo**: Kaufland Logo 2016.svg
- **type**: Privately held company, Private
- **location**: Neckarsulm, Germany
- **key people**: Patrick Kaudewitz, CEO
- **industry**: Retail
- **products**: Discount store, Discount hypermarkets
- **parent**: Schwarz Gruppe
- **homepage**: [http://www.kaufland.com www.kaufland.com]
Paralympic agitos

The **Paralympic agitos** are the official symbol of the Paralympic Games. The design was created by Scholz & Friends in 2003. The agitos represent the movement of athletes from around the world at the Paralympic Games. The agitos were first used at the Paralympic Games Greece in 2004. The three colours of the agitos are blue, red and green.
Surjoux-Lhopital

**Surjoux-Lhopital** is a new commune. It is in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in the Ain department in east France. It was founded on 1 January 2019. It is made of the former communes of Surjoux and Lhôpital.
Valserhône

**Valserhône** is a new commune in the Ain department of eastern France. It was founded on 1 January 2019. It is made of the former communes of Bellegarde-sur-Valserine, Châtillon-en-Michaille and Lancrans.
Bresse Vallons

**Bresse Vallons** is a new commune in the Ain department of eastern France. It was founded on 1 January 2019. It is made of the former communes of Cras-sur-Reyssouze and Étrez.
Arvière-en-Valromey

**Arvière-en-Valromey** is a new commune in the Ain department of eastern France. It was founded on 1 January 2019. It is made up of the former communes of Brénaz, Chavornay, Lochieu and Virieu-le-Petit.
Valromey-sur-Séran

**Valromey-sur-Séran** is a new commune in the Ain department of eastern France. It was founded on 1 January 2019. It is made of the former communes of Belmont-Luthézieu, Lompnieu, Sutrieu and Vieu.
Plateau d'Hauteville

**Plateau d'Hauteville** is a new commune in the Ain department of eastern France. It was founded on 1 January 2019. It is made of the former communes of Cormaranche-en-Bugey, Hauteville-Lompnes, Hostiaz and Thézillieu.
Pierce County, North Dakota

**Pierce County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 3,990 people lived there. The county seat is Rugby.
Fitawrari Gebeyehu

**Fitawrari Gebeyehu** (Amharic: **ፊታውራሪ ገበየሁ**) popularly referred to by his horse name "Aba Goraw" Amharic "አባ ገመዳ", he was an accomplished Ethiopian military commander and lord protector of the crown. He played a leading role in several important battles of Ethiopian history.

## Life

Little is known about Gebeyehu's early life. Gebeyehu was Fitawrari (Army Commander, a military and aristocratic title). He played a leading role in several important battles of Ethiopian history. He made his reputation at the Battle of Amba Alaje (also known as Amba Alage or Amba Alagi) and later at the Battle of Adwa. In the Battle of Adwa, he commanded 5,000 riflemen, 15,000 spearmen, and 3,000 cavalry.

## Death

Gebeyehu was killed in action in the Battle of Adwa. He played a crucial role in the winning of the battle of Adwa. During the battle, he was the front cavalry assault leader for the king's army. While leading the assault He witnessed a  large number of Italian military preparing an ambush and slaughter for the large Ethiopian army headed by Emperor Menelik II. He realized unless he acted to the ambush in time the large army would be easily destroyed by the ambush. Then he drives his cavalry army direct into the fully fortified Italian army and began the attack and gave the king's army to escape the ambush and arrive at the battle filed. He was killed at this battle fighting fearlessly. A street in Addis Ababa is named after Gebeyehu. He is still known for his military skills.

## References

- pp. 7f; Bahru Zewde, _A History of Modern Ethiopia_, second edition (London: James Currey, 2001), pp. 132f

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Fitawrari Gebeyehu Tekle/Kinde Yegidmwork
- **nickname**: Aba Goraw
- **birth date**: 1867
- **death date**: 1896
- **birth place**: Shewa,  Ethiopia
- **death place**: Adwa, Ethiopia
- **serviceyears**: 1868–1896
- **rank**: Lord Protector of the Crown
- **battles**: First Italo-Ethiopian War
Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign

The **Cory Booker 2020 presidential campaign** was the presidential campaign of Cory Booker. He announced on February 1, 2019 that he would run for President of the United States. The president gave a quick response. Before this, he had already been widely speculated to be in the process of preparing to run for President. There is a big office for the campaign.

## Background

In 2018, _Politico_ identified him as part of a movement along with Kamala Harris, Kirsten Gillibrand, Elizabeth Warren, and Bernie Sanders, given he voted "to stop [the president's] nominees for administration jobs"; all of the Senators in this group were considered potential 2020 presidential contenders at this point in time. That year and in early 2019, he began travelling early in the campaign schedule.

After failing to qualify for the sixth debate and poor polling numbers, Booker ended his campaign on January 13, 2020.

## Important places that the campaign has visited

From the earliest to the latest:-
- New Hampshire

## Important people who support the campaign

In alphabetical order:-

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **logo**: Cory Booker 2020 Logo.png
- **campaign**: 2020 United States presidential election (2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, early-stage election within the Democratic Party)
- **candidate**: **Cory Booker**
United States Senate, Senator from New Jersey (2013–present)
Mayor of Newark, New Jersey, Newark (2006-2013)
- **key people**: *Addisu Demissie, campaign manager
*Jenna Lowenstein, deputy campaign manager
*Matt Klapper, senior adviser
*Modia Butler, strategy, strategist
*Tamia Booker, national political director
*Jeff Giertz, national communications director
*Michael Tyler, deputy national communications director
- **slogan**: Together, America, We Will Rise
- **status**: Announced: February 1, 2019
Suspended: January 13, 2020
Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign

Bernie Sanders announced his 2020 United States presidential campaign via email on February 19, 2019. He made the announcement on Vermont Public Radio. This is his second run for the Democratic nomination, following his campaign in the 2016 primaries. He also announced his campaign in an email to his supporters on the same day.

He entered into the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries as one of the front-runner candidates, as compared to his prior 2016 underdog campaign. His 2020 race has more advantages as his policy ideas accepted into the Democratic mainstream.

In a crowded field of primary candidates, Sanders both leads in polling and has the largest fan base than his competition. Policies from his last campaign, such as single-payer healthcare and tuition-free public colleges, had since entered mainstream Democratic thought.

In October 2019, the Bernie Sanders 2020 campaign gained the support of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez.

Some of the main issues the campaign supports are:

- Medicare for All - Guaranteed healthcare to all people as a right.

- Green New Deal - Invest in renewable energy and create new jobs.

- College for All - Make colleges and universities tuition free, and cancel all student debt.

- Get Corporate Money Out of Politics - Such as by banning political donations from federal lobbyists and corporations.

- A Responsible, Comprehensive Foreign Policy - Implement a foreign policy which focuses on democracy, human rights, diplomacy and peace, and economic fairness.

- Jobs for All - enact a federal jobs guarantee.

On April 8, 2020 one day after the Wisconsin primary, Sanders ended his campaign after failing to beat Biden in many primary contests after Super Tuesday. On April 13, Sanders formally endorsed Biden for the Democratic nomination.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **logo**: File:Bernie Sanders 2016 logo.svg
- **campaign**: 2020 United States presidential election (2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Democratic Party primaries)
- **candidate**: Bernie Sanders
United States Senate, U. S. Senator from Vermont (2007–present)
United States House of Representatives, Member of House from Vermont (1991–2007)
Burlington, Vermont, Mayor of Burlington (1981–1989)
- **affiliation**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party
- **headquarters**: Burlington, Vermont
Canoe.com

**Canoe.com** is an English-language Canadian portal site and website network. Canoe.com is a business subsidiary of Postmedia Network. The French-language website continues to use the former name for both sites, **Canoe.ca**, and is owned by Quebecor Media. The phrase "Canadian Online Explorer" is shown in the header of the English version of the site. The name "Canoe" as an acronym from the abbreviation "Can. O. E." is a play on the word "canoe" (or "_canoë_" in French). Canoe's head office has been in Toronto, Canada, at 333 King Street East.

The Canoe Network has had over 7.7 million monthly visitors and includes separate English and French portals at `en.canoe.com` and `fr.canoe.ca`, information verticals like Cnews, SLAM!, JAM! and Lifewise, as well as the Sun Media newspaper sites. Canoe.com also has online services in the fields of employment and continuing education (Jobboom.com), housing (Homes-Extra.ca), automobiles Autonet.ca and ASL Internet. ASL Internet is an abbreviation of Aged Stock Limited which was incorporated in 2002 by James Kovacs and sold to Canoe in 2008. The group also runs personals (reseaucontact.com), social networks (space.canoe.ca), classified ads (classifiedextra.ca) and advertising solutions (canoeklix.ca).

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Canoe.com
- **url**: http://www.canoe.com/
- **owner**: Postmedia Network and Quebecor Media
- **type**: Web portal
- **language**: English, French
Oliver County, North Dakota

**Oliver County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 1,877 people lived there. The county seat and only city is Center.
Pembina County, North Dakota

**Pembina County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 6,844 people lived there. The county seat is Cavalier.
Ramsey County, North Dakota

**Ramsey County** is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 11,605 people lived there. The county seat is Devils Lake.
Fist

A **fist** is the term given to the hand when the four fingers are clenched, and the thumb closed over the first finger. In this solid form, it can be used for striking in combat. The half-closed fist may be used for some tasks, like knocking.

Making a fist is virtually unknown amongst other primates. Their fingers have different proportions to humans.
Williams County, North Dakota

**Williams County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2020 census, 40,950 people lived there. The county seat is Williston.
Ward County, North Dakota

**Ward County** is a county in North Dakota in the United States. There were 69,919 people living there at the 2020 census, making it the fourth-most populous county in North Dakota. The county seat is Minot.
Soultzmatt

**Soultzmatt** is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Its vineyards produce one of the finest Alsacian wines: the _Grand Cru_ Zinnkoepflé.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

## References

- INSEE commune file

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Soultzmatt
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Soultzmatt 078.JPG
- **caption**: The main road through Soultzmatt
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Soultzmatt (68).svg
- **arrondissement**: Thann-Guebwiller
- **canton**: Wintzenheim
- **insee**: 68318
- **postal code**: 68570
- **mayor**: Jean-Paul Diringer
- **term**: 2001–2008
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Rouffach
- **elevation m**: 280
- **elevation min m**: 236
- **elevation max m**: 773
- **area km2**: 19.57
- **population**: 2257
- **population date**: 2006
Otto Schubiger

**Otto Schubiger** (6 January 1925 – 28 January 2019) was a Swiss ice hockey player. He played for the ZSC Lions, GCK Lions and SC Rapperswil-Jona Lakers, winning the Swiss National League A championship in 1949 and 1961, both with ZSC. Internationally Schubiger played for the Swiss national team, winning a bronze medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics and bronze medals at the 1951 and 1953 World Championships.

Schubiger died on 28 January 2019 in Baden at the age of 94.
Prilly

**Prilly** () is a municipality in Switzerland in the canton of Vaud, in the district of Ouest lausannois. It is a western suburb of the city of Lausanne.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Prilly
- **municipality name**: Prilly
- **municipality type**: city
- **image photo**: Gemeindeverwaltung Prilly.JPG
- **image caption**: Town hall of Prilly
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Prilly COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Prilly.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Ouest lausannois (district), Ouest lausannois
- **postal code**: 1008
- **municipality code**: 5589
- **area**: 2.19
- **elevation**: 481
- **population**: 10750
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.prilly.ch
- **mayor**: Alain Gillièron
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **neighboring municipalities**: Jouxtens-Mézery, Lausanne, Renens, Romanel-sur-Lausanne
- **twintowns**: Giubiasco (Switzerland)