juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Viola d'amore

The **viola d'amore** is a string instrument which was popular in the 17th and 18th century. It is a kind of viola. The name is Italian and means “viola of love”. It can have 6 or 7 strings. It is held under the chin and bowed like a violin. Sometimes it is used today to play music from the 17th and 18th centuries. Occasionally some modern composers have also written music for it.

## Structure and sound

The viola d'amore is about the same size as a modern viola. However, the shape is more like the shape of a viol. Like viols, it has a flat back, a wide rib (the sides), sloping shoulders and a carved head at the top of the peg box. It does not have any frets (markings on the fingerboard) like a viol or a guitar. The sound-holes are often in the shape of a flaming sword.

The viola d'amore usually has six or seven playing strings which are played with the bow, just as with a violin. In addition, it has the same number of sympathetic strings. These are strings which vibrate when the other strings are played, making the sound richer and sweeter.

## The notes it can play

The viola d'amore was often tuned to whatever notes were best for the piece it was to going to play. This is a kind of scordatura (changing the way the strings are tuned). Towards the end of the 18th century the usual tuning became: _A, d, a, d', f#', a', d_'' (see music example. Notice the example uses the "viola clef")

## Use

The viola d’amore became very popular during the 17th century. However, after a time it became less popular because the instruments of the viol family were not used much while the instruments of the violin family took over. The viola d’amore was too quiet and sweet to play with the modern violin family. However, in the 20th century some composers have written for the instrument again, e.g. Paul Hindemith.

The viola d'amore can regularly be heard today in groups who play Baroque music on period instruments. It can be heard, for example in Bach’s St John Passion.

## References

- Grove Music Online (subscription)
Sœur Emmanuelle

**Sœur Emmanuelle** (born **Madeleine Cinquin**, November 16, 1908 – October 20, 2008) was a Belgian-born French nun.

She was born in Brussels, Belgium, the daughter of a family that made lingerie. At the age of six she saw her father drown. She learned at the Sorbonne, earning a degree in philosophy. In 1929 she made a religious promise and became a nun.

She worked in Notre-Dame de Sion high school in İstanbul in 1930s.

In 1971 she saw how poorly trash collectors in Cairo, Egypt were doing, and decided to live with them. She stayed until 1993, when she went back to France. After she went back, she became very famous in France and was liked by audiences and talk-show hosts.

Besides her work with the poor, she is also known for having had views that are not like how religion normally is, such as being for the use of birth control and being for the idea of priests to marry. She has been voted one of the most popular people in France, and has been compared to Mother Teresa. (Although she does not agree with this comparison). In 2003, French television broadcast _Soeur Emmanuelle: An exceptional woman_.

She died on 20 October 2008.

_Les Amis de Soeur Emmanuelle_ (The Friends of Sister Emmanuelle) is a charitable organization based in Brussels.

## Other websites

- 95-year-old nun is France's favourite woman
- De Madeleine Cinquin à Sœur Emmanuelle

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Sœur Emmanuelle.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **name**: Sœur Emmanuelle
- **caption**: Sœur Emmanuelle in 2003
- **birth place**: Brussels, Belgium
- **death place**: Callian, Var, France
- **occupation**: Nun and humanitarian
David Paterson

**David Alexander Paterson** (born May 20, 1954) is an American politician and the 56th Governor of New York. He is the first black governor of New York and the first legally blind governor of any state. He became governor when Eliot Spitzer resigned. Due to Paterson becoming governor, two black governors are serving at the same time for the first time in more than 100 years; as Governor Deval Patrick of Massachusetts is also African American. He chose not to run for governor in February 26, 2010.

## Other websites

- Governor of New York  - Official Website of the Governor of New York
- Paterson for Governor  - Official Website of Paterson For Governor
- Project VoteSmart - Senator Paterson Biography
- Accolades posted to Spitzer's 2006 gubernatorial campaign website.
- 2008 Moment of Thanks video of Governor David Paterson thanking the troops

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: David Paterson
- **image**: David Paterson 2 by David Shankbone.jpg
- **caption**: Paterson at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival
- **order**: 55<sup>th</sup>
- **office**: Governor of New York
- **term start**: March 17, 2008
- **term end**: December 31, 2010
- **predecessor**: Eliot Spitzer
- **successor**: Andrew Cuomo
- **lieutenant**: 1) Joseph Bruno(Acting)(March 2008 - June 2008)
 2) Dean G. Skelos (Acting) (June 2008 - present)
- **order2**: 74<sup>th</sup>
- **office2**: Lieutenant Governor of New York
- **term start2**: January 1, 2007
- **term end2**: March 17, 2008
- **governor2**: Eliot Spitzer
- **predecessor2**: Mary Donohue
- **successor2**: Joseph L. Bruno <small>(Acting)</small>
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York
- **alma mater**: Columbia University
 Hofstra University School of Law
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **profession**: Politician
- **spouse**: Michelle Paige Paterson
- **residence**: New York State Executive Mansion, Albany, New York
Harlem, New York
Guilderland, New York
- **honorific prefix**: His Excellency
Justified (album)

***Justified*** is the debut studio album by pop entertainer Justin Timberlake. The album has famous singles like "Rock Your Body", "Cry Me A River", and "Like I Love You". The album was released in November 5, 2002. The album also has various guest appearances featuring in Timberlake's songs.

## Guest Artists

- "Like I Love You" - Timberlake featuring Clipse
- "(And She Said) Take Me Now" - Timberlake featuring Janet Jackson
- "Right For Me" featuring Bubba Sprarxxx

## Track list

1. "Senorita" - 4:54
1. "Like I Love You (feat. Clipse)" - 4:43
1. "Oh No, What You Got" - 4:31
1. "Take it from Here" - 6:14
1. "Cry Me a River" - 4:48
1. "Rock Your Body" - 4:27
1. "Nothin' Else" - 4:58
1. "Last Night" - 4:47
1. "Still on my Brain" - 4:35
1. "(And She Said) Take Me Now (feat. Janet Jackson)" - 5:31
1. "Right for Me (feat. Bubba Sparxxx)" - 4:29
1. "Let's Take a Ride" - 4:44
1. "Never Again" - 4:34
Rock Your Body

**Rock Your Body** is the 3rd single off the debut album by pop singer Justin Timberlake called Justified. It was written by Timberlake and The Neptunes. He performed the single at the Super Bowl XXXVIII with Janet Jackson. It has background vocals by Vanessa Marquez.
Duffy

**Amiee Ann Duffy** (born 23 June 1984), usually known as just **Duffy**,  is a Welsh singer, songwriter and actress from Bangor, Gwynedd. Her music style has been described as a mixture of soul, blue-eyed soul, pop rock, neo soul and pop music.

### 2007–2008: _Rockferry_

Her debut studio album, _Rockferry_, was released on 3 March 2008 and sold more than 6.5 million copies. The album and a single from the album, "Mercy", both reached number one on the in the UK.

### 2009–2010: _Endlessly_

In 2009 she made an advertisement for Diet Coke. The ad caused problems because she is shown riding a bicycle at night without a helmet or lights. Journalist Luke Lewis described the ad as "...blank, sterile and mildly unsettling." Her second studio album, _Endlessly_ was released on 29 November 2010, but did not sell very well with only 200,000 sold in the UK.

### 2011–2020: Planned third album, acting debut

In 2011, producers  and  announced that Duffy was in the studio for her third album, but nothing happened. In 2015, she appeared in the crime thriller film __, she played an American singer , she also contributed to three songs for the soundtrack, her first recordings since 2010.

### 2025–present: Music return

In March 2025, she appeared in a video posted to TikTok, lip-syncing to a garage remix of her song "Mercy" by The Emotion.

## Personal life

Duffy retreated from the public eye in 2011 after it was revealed in February 2020, she had been "raped and drugged and held hostage over some weeks". She did not reveal the name of her attackers or when or where the attack took place. In a longer statement she said that she had been drugged at a restaurant on her birthday, taken to a foreign country on a plane, and was then held captive in a hotel room and raped. Since the ordeal, she has said that she spent "almost 10 years completely alone" and, thanking her psychologist, said that she now felt she could "leave this decade behind", but added: "I very much doubt I will ever be the person people once knew".

### Studio albums

- _Rockferry_ (2008)
- _Endlessly_ (2010)

### Film

|Year|Title|Role|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2010|__|Sissy|
|2015|__||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Duffy
- **image**: Duffy_@_Super_Bock_Super_Rock_01.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Duffy performing in July 2009
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Aimee Anne Duffy
- **birth place**: Bangor, Gwynedd, Bangor, Wales
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **years active**: 2003–2011, 2015, 2020–present
Funeral for a Friend

**Funeral for a Friend** (often known as **FFAF**) is a Welsh post-hardcore band. They have released five studio albums. The band was formed in 2001.

## Other websites

- Official wesite. Retrieved 2011-08-29.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Funeral for a Friend
- **img**: FuneralforaFriend.jpg
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Bridgend, Wales, Bridgend, Wales, UK
- **genre**: Post-hardcore, melodic hardcore,
- **years active**: 2001present
- **label**: Distiller Records, Good Fight Music, Mighty Atom Records, Mighty Atom, Infectious Records, Infectious, Atlantic Records, Atlantic, Ferret Music, Ferret, Join Us, Roadrunner Records, Roadrunner
- **associated acts**: Hondo Maclean, Desecration (band), Desecration,
- **url**: [http://www.funeralforafriend.com www.funeralforafriend.com]
- **current members**: Matthew Davies-Kreye
Kris Coombs-Roberts
Ryan Richards
Gavin Burrough
Richard Boucher
- **past members**: Matthew Evans
Johnny Phillips
Andi Morris
Kerry Roberts
Darran Smith
Gareth Ellis-Davies
Chicago Spire

The **Chicago Spire** was a skyscraper project that was being built in Chicago, Illinois, however, because of financial problems, the project was never finished.

It would have stood  high with 150 floors and been the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere. When originally proposed as the Fordham Spire in July 2005, the design had 116 stories, included a hotel and condominiums, and was topped with a broadcast antenna mast.

However, interest in the Chicago Spire site has risen, drawing in at least a half-dozen offers for the property. The developer was considering a bid to take back control of the property, reigniting hope that the 2,000 ft. skyscraper may actually be built. In 2014, a Chicago court ruled in favor of not building the skyscraper thus abandoning plans of it being constructed.

On 4 November 2016, ownership of the property the tower was being built on was given to Related Midwest. In 2018, it was revealed that Related Midwest will build two skyscrapers at the site of the Spire. The Gateway Tower, a proposed  tall condo, is proposed to be built on the site of where the Spire would have been built.

## Infobox (skyscraper)

- **building name**: Chicago Spire
- **image**: Chicago Spire.png
- **caption**: Computer rendering of the building.
- **location**: 400 N Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, Illinois
- **roof**: 2,000 feet (609.6 m)
- **floor count**: 150
- **groundbreaking date**: June 25, 2007
- **est completion**: 2012 (est.)
- **opening**: 2012 (est.)
- **classification**: Residential
- **status**: Never built
- **floor area**: 3,000,000 square feet
(278,709 sq. m)
- **architect**: Santiago Calatrava
Perkins and Will
- **engineer**: Thornton Tomasetti
- **main contractor**: Case Foundation
- **developer**: Shelbourne Development
Rickrolling

**Rickrolling** is an internet meme that involves playing a trick on someone by misleading them into listening to Rick Astley's 1987 song "Never Gonna Give You Up". It was first seen on 4chan and is called a "bait and switch", which involves the prankster giving a website to someone saying that the website address (which is somehow hidden) is about something else. When the victim clicks the link, they are led to the music video and have been "rickrolled" or "rickroll'd".

As rickrolling has grown in popularity, two of the many videos online have been watched over 13 million times each.

On October 27, 2008, at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, Astley himself performed a live rickroll. He came out during the singing of "Best Friends" by the cast of _Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends_ and sang "Never Gonna Give You Up". At the end of the song, one of the characters said "I love rickrolling!"

On February 23, 2010, the most viewed Rickroll video was deleted.

On July 29, 2021, the "Never Gonna Give You Up" YouTube video reached a billion views.

### Song

Astley recorded "Never Gonna Give You Up" in 1987 on his album _Whenever You Need Somebody_. This song was his debut single and was a Number One hit for him on many international charts like the Billboard Hot 100, Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks and UK Top 40 charts. It was also Astley's first music video which features him performing the song while dancing.

### Origin of the term

Rickrolling is said to have begun as a spin-off of an earlier prank called _duckrolling_, which was when a link was supposed to lead to a picture or news story but would really link to an edited picture of a duck on wheels. The victim was then said to have been **duckrolled**. The first instance of rickrolling happened in May 2007 on the 4chan video game board, where a link to the video was said to be a copy of the first trailer for Grand Theft Auto IV. The joke was confined to 4chan for a short time.

By May 2008, Rickrolling had become an internet hit or phenomenon and very soon rickrolling was being covered on mainstream media. A poll in April 2008 by SurveyUSA guessed or estimated that at least 18 million American adults had been rickrolled. Many still consider Rickrolling to be one of the longest lasting meme and the prank is still commonly used.

### April Fools' Day, 2008

On April Fools' Day 2008 and the weeks following, many instances of Rickrolling appeared on the internet and news media. All of the featured videos on YouTube's main page hyperlinked to the Rickroll. The prank showed up on international YouTube portals before showing up on the main page.

## Other websites

- Video on YouTube
Stable

A **stable** is a building for livestock animals such as horses or cows to live in.

A stable often has a loft where food such as hay can be kept to feed the animals in the winter.  The stable may be divided into enclosures or stalls to keep the animals separate.

A stable is most likely to be built near a farmhouse.

According to the Christian Bible, the baby Jesus was born in a stable.  He was wrapped up and put to sleep on the straw in a manger.
Dagne Groven Myhren

**Dagne Groven Myhren** (born 19 September 1940) is a Norwegian writer, folk musician and a professor of Scandinavian studies at the University of Oslo. She has written about Norwegian literature, science and folk music. She is outspoken in protecting Norwegian culture, places and music.

She has helped J.P.Ekgren with writing a book in English about the poetry style called Stev. The book is _Aslak Brekke og visune hans_.
Aslak Brekke

**Aslak Brekke** (October 6, 1901 – February 13, 1978) was a Norwegian vocalist of stev (a type of Scandinavian poetry which is sung). He was also a singer of folksongs. Brekke was born in Vinje, Telemark. He was the first folksinger to sing on a radio broadcast to all of Norway.

In 1945, Brekke sang at an important concert in the ceremonial hall (the "Aula") at the University of Oslo. He also made a recording of the song "Ståle Storli", together with Eivind Groven ( harmonium).

## Related pages

- _Aslak Brekke og visune hans_
Printmaking

**Printmaking** is making art by printing pictures, normally on paper. The advantage of printmaking is that lots of the same picture can be printed. This is called a print. Each print is not a copy, but an original, since it came from the same source (not like painting or drawing). You can also use different types of techniques to start the print.

## Materials

Pictures for prints can be cut into plates of metal, usually copper or zinc for engraving or etching; stone, used for lithography; blocks of wood for woodcuts, linoleum for linocuts and fabric plates for screen-printing. Prints may also be published in books by the artist.

## Other websites

- A glossary for modern prints 
- Large list of links to museum etc. online images of prints
- UnitTwentyFive London Based Print Studio
Old master print

An **old master print** is a work of art made by a printing process. Most of the old master prints were made by 1830 and no new ones came after. The main techniques used to make an old master print are woodcut, engraving and etching. Sometimes, old master prints are printed on paper, but rarely.

Many great European artists, such as Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, and Francisco Goya, were printmakers.

## Other websites

- The Printed Image in the West: History and Techniques
- Large list of links to museum etc. online images of old master prints
- Old master prints blog
Web color

**Web colors** are colors used in designing webpages, and the ways for describing and listing those colors.

There are several ways to choose colors for parts of webpages. Colors may be listed as an RGB _triplet_ (a set of three numbers, red, green, and blue) in hexadecimal format (a _hex triplet_, rr, gg, bb). An RGB triplet can make 16,777,216 different colors. Standard colors can also be chosen by their common English names. Often a color tool or other graphics software is used to create color values.
Warner Music Group

**Warner Music Group** is a record label from New York City. It is one of the "big three" record labels; the others are Sony and Universal. It started as Warner Music Group in 2003, but several Time Warner companies had existed before then.

Warner Music owns a few record labels, including Atlantic Records, Elektra Records, Parlophone Records, Roadrunner Records, Warner Bros. Records, and Reprise Records.

## Legal troubles with Youtube

In late 2008, Warner Music Group had big legal troubles with video site YouTube. They had wanted more money for the music videos they had on the site, but YouTube said no, and Warner Music Group took off all their music videos. In September 2009, both Warner Music Group and YouTube decided on a new amount of money.
OpenOffice Base

**OpenOffice Base** is the database module released with OpenOffice version 2.0 and later. Currently it is based on the HSQLDB database engine written in Java.

The HSQLDB developers have suggested only 76% of the target has been met in the 1.8.0 release, which is the version that was integrated (merged) with OOo 2.0. They have been asking for contributions to complete all the feature targets, since the inner database engine is an independent project with no outside funding.

OpenOffice users, however, can choose to connect to an external full-featured SQL database such as MySQL, PostgreSQL and even Oracle through ODBC or JDBC drivers. OpenOffice Base can then act as a GUI frontend for SQL views, table design and query. In addition, OpenOffice has its own Form wizard to create dialog windows for form filling and updates.

Starting with version 2.3, Base will offer report generation based on Pentaho software.

Released under the terms of the Apache License, Base is free software.

## Related pages

- HSQLDB
- Kexi - a similar free software/open source application
- LibreOffice
- OpenOffice
- Microsoft Access

## Other websites

- Base information page
    - OpenOffice.org Base 2.0 project discussion
    - OpenOffice.org Database Access Project
- HSQL and OpenOffice.org
- User resources at OOo Wiki
- Tutorials for new and intermediate ooBase users, from Sheepdog Guides

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: OpenOffice Base
- **logo**: OOoBase.svg
- **screenshot**: Oo base 3.4.1.png
- **caption**: OpenOffice Base 3.4.1
- **developer**: **StarOffice**
StarDivision (1984–1999)
**OpenOffice.org**
Sun Microsystems (1999–2010)
Oracle Corporation (2010–2011)
**Apache OpenOffice**
Apache Software Foundation (2011—)
- **status**: Active
- **latest release version**: 3.4.1
- **operating system**: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux
- **platform**: Java Virtual Machine, Java
- **genre**: Database
- **license**: GNU Lesser General Public License, LGPL version 3 (OpenOffice.org 2 Beta 2 and earlier are dual-licensing, dual-licensed under the Sun Industry Standards Source License, SISSL and LGPL)
Apache License 2.0 (Apache OpenOffice 3.4 and later)
- **website**: [http://www.openoffice.org/product/base.html www.openoffice.org]
Mozilla

**Mozilla** can mean:
- the codename for Netscape Navigator
- the mascot and name of the Mozilla Foundation
    - the name of its now defunct Mozilla (web browser)

## Mozilla software

It can also refer to the platform (“Gecko” and other things) on which these programs are built:

- Mozilla Firefox
- Mozilla Thunderbird
- SeaMonkey
- Camino
- Mozilla Sunbird
- Minimo
- Flock (web browser)
- Songbird (software)

Mozilla Foundation also makes Bugzilla.
Mammary intercourse

**Mammary intercourse** is a sexual activity. People may do it during foreplay. It is also done as a safe sex alternative to anal or vaginal sexual intercourse. It is non-penetrative sex. It involves exciting the penis using the breasts of the partner.

In most instances, the activity involves the man placing his penis between the breasts of his partner. He then thrusts for excitement. Sometimes, the breasts are squeezed around the penis for more excitement. Other times the breasts are moved back and forth over the penis instead. Mammary intercourse is sometimes combined with oral sex (a blowjob). Sometimes mammary intercourse continues to the point of ejaculation. The semen can land on the breasts, face, or in the mouth of the partner if done alongside oral sex.

Several slang terms refer to mammary intercourse. These slang terms include _titfuck_ or _titty fuck_ in the United States. _Tit wank_ or _French fuck_ are slang terms used in the United Kingdom. _Paizuri_ is a Japanese loanword for mammary intercourse that combines the words for “tit” and “rubbing”. _Titjob_ and _boobjob_ are sometimes used to mean mammary intercourse, but “boob job” can also mean breast enlargement surgery.

## Related pages

- Breast
- Sexual intercourse
- Oral sex
- Breast fetishism
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish

**Shams-ud-din Iltutmish** (died 1236) was the third Muslim sultan of the Delhi Sultanate who reigned from 1211 till his death in 1236. He was the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty (or Slave dynasty). He was married to the daughter of Qutb-ud-din Aibak. He became the ruler after fighting against Qutb-ud-din's son. He is said to be the greatest ruler of the slave kings. He was a member of the Ilebar tribe.

The first thing he did after becoming a sultan was make his kingdom larger. He also shifted his capital from Lahore to Delhi. He had to defend his empire against Mongol invasions. He also had to deal with Rajputs and conquered Rajasthan and Gujarat. He started a fast process of Islamization in Punjab and Haryana. Iltutmish stopped the Mongol attack in 1221 A.D led by Chenghiz Khan. He completed the Qutb Minar which was started by Qutb-ud-din Aibak. He also built the Quwat-ul-Islam mosque in Delhi.He died in 1236 A.D. He did not think his sons would be good rulers. He was succeeded by his daughter, Razia Sultan (also called Radiyya or Raziyya), as the next ruler of Delhi.
Lightweight

**Lightweight** might mean:

- A computer program, text, or item that is not heavy or bulky, or contains massive amounts of bloatware
- A class of boxing.
1951–52 NHL season

The **1951–52 NHL season** was the 35th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Detroit Red Wings won the Stanley Cup by sweeping the Montreal Canadiens four games to none.

### Final standings

_Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes_
|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="30%"|National Hockey League|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%"|GP|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%"|W|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%"|L|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%"|T|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="7.5%"|Pts|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="7.5%"|GF|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="7.5%"|GA|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="7.5%"|PIM|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Detroit Red Wings**|70|44|14|12|100|215|133|694||||||||||
|**Montreal Canadiens**|70|34|26|10|78|195|164|661||||||||||
|**Toronto Maple Leafs**|70|29|25|16|74|168|157|841||||||||||
|**Boston Bruins**|70|25|29|16|66|162|176|601||||||||||
|New York Rangers|70|23|34|13|59|192|219|532||||||||||
|Chicago Black Hawks|70|17|44|9|43|158|241|627||||||||||

### Scoring leaders

_Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes_
|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="30%"|Player|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="40%"|Team|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="6%"|GP|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="6%"|G|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="6%"|A|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="6%"|PTS|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="6%"|PIM|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gordie Howe|Detroit Red Wings|70|47|39|86|78||||||||
|Ted Lindsay|Detroit Red Wings|70|30|39|69|123||||||||
|Elmer Lach|Montreal Canadiens|70|15|50|65|36||||||||
|Don Raleigh|New York Rangers|70|19|42|61|14||||||||
|Sid Smith|Toronto Maple Leafs|70|27|30|57|6||||||||

## Stanley Cup playoffs

In the playoffs, Detroit finished 8–0, the first time a team had gone undefeated in the playoffs since the 1934–35 Montreal Maroons. The Wings scored 24 goals in the playoffs, compared to a combined 5 goals for their opponents.

- _see 1952 Stanley Cup Finals_

## NHL awards

|Prince of Wales Trophy:|Detroit Red Wings|
| --- | --- |
|Art Ross Memorial Trophy:|Gordie Howe, Detroit Red Wings|
|Calder Memorial Trophy:|Bernie Geoffrion, Montreal Canadiens|
|Hart Memorial Trophy:|Gordie Howe, Detroit Red Wings|
|Lady Byng Memorial Trophy:|Sid Smith, Toronto Maple Leafs|
|Vezina Trophy:|Terry Sawchuk, Detroit Red Wings|

### All-Star teams

|First team|Position|Second team||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Terry Sawchuk, Detroit Red Wings|align=center|G|Jim Henry, Boston Bruins|
|Red Kelly, Detroit Red Wings|align=center|D|Hy Buller, New York Rangers|
|Doug Harvey, Montreal Canadiens|align=center|D|Jimmy Thomson, Toronto Maple Leafs|
|Elmer Lach, Montreal Canadiens|align=center|C|Milt Schmidt, Boston Bruins|
|Gordie Howe, Detroit Red Wings|align=center|RW|Maurice Richard, Montreal Canadiens|
|Ted Lindsay, Detroit Red Wings|align=center|LW|Sid Smith, Toronto Maple Leafs|

## References

- Hockey Database
- NHL.com
Darren Middleton

**Darren Middleton** (born 4 October 1971 in Sydney, Australia) is the guitarist in the band "Powderfinger". He is also the lead singer for "Drag".

Middleton began playing guitar in high school where he enjoyed music by bands like Twisted Sister and AC/DC. He began playing in clubs around his hometown of Brisbane with his first band, "Sonic Tapestry". He formed his second band, "Pirate", with friends from high school. He met "Powderfinger" at a "Pirate" show and they asked him to play with them. Middleton played on all of "Powderfinger's" recordings. While playing and recording with them, he was also writing and recording with "Drag". They have released an EP and studio album.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Darren Middleton
- **image**: Darren Middleton.jpg
- **caption**: Playing with Powderfinger in 2007
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **origin**: Brisbane, Australia
- **instrument**: Guitar
- **genre**: Alternative rock
Indie rock
- **occupation**: Musician
- **years active**: 1989 – Present
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor, Universal Music Group, Universal
- **associated acts**: Powderfinger
Drag (band), Drag
Lochee

**Lochee** is a district of Dundee.  Dundee is a city in Eastern Scotland.  Lochee used to be a separate town but was surrounded by Dundee.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Lochee
- **os grid reference**: NO378317
- **map type**: Scotland
- **unitary scotland**: City of Dundee
- **lieutenancy scotland**: Dundee
- **dial code**: 01382
Eruca sativa

***Eruca sativa*** (syn. _E. vesicaria_ subsp. _sativa_ (Miller) Thell., _Brassica eruca_ L.), also known as **arugula** or **rocket**, is a plant that can be eaten. It is a leaf vegetable with dark green, spiky, dandelion-like leaves and a strong, spicy, peppery flavor.

## Related pages

- Brassicaceae
- Leaf vegetable
Edward Emerson Barnard

**Edward Emerson Barnard** (December 16, 1857 – February 6, 1923) was an American astronomer. He found Amalthea, a moon of the planet Jupiter. Barnard's star and Barnard's galaxy were named after him.

Barnard made a list of dark nebulae, the _Barnard Catalogue of Dark Markings in the Sky_, or the Barnard Catalogue for short. The nebulae listed by Barnard have become known as 'Barnard objects'.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Edward Emerson Barnard
- **image**: EdwardEmersonBarnard.jpg
- **caption**: Edward Emerson Barnard
- **birth date**: 16 December 1857
- **occupation**: Astronomer
Solar wind

The **solar wind** is a stream of charged particles from the Sun. It is made of charged protons, electrons and plasma shot out of the Sun, and creates the heliosphere. The wind is shot out at hypersonic speed, so fast that it can travel the whole length of the Solar System, nearly one light year.

The particles are dangerous to astronauts and spacecraft. The Earth's magnetic field absorbs or soaks up a lot of the solar wind causing the aurora, the Northern lights and Southern lights.

At a distance of more than a few solar radii from the Sun, the solar wind reaches speeds of 250 to 750 kilometers per second and is supersonic.

A disturbance in the solar wind is called a _solar storm_. Sometimes it causes a geomagnetic storm. Such a storm in 1989 brought down the Quebec electric power grid and put the entire province in darkness. The largest recorded geomagnetic storm was in September 1–2, 1859. If we were to have another as strong as that one it might cause up to 2 trillion dollars damage.

Solar wind also causes the tail of a comet. When the comet is close enough to the sun that the heat evaporates some of the comet's ice, the motion of the solar wind causes the resulting water vapor and space dust to stream away from the comet. Because it is blown by the solar wind, the comet's tail does not trail behind it, but always points directly away from the sun.

The Solar Wind Composition Experiment of the Apollo program studied the atoms in the solar wind.
Sherwood Pictures

**Sherwood Pictures** is a movie-making company based in Albany, Georgia. The company is a ministry of Sherwood Baptist Church. It is run by Alex Kendrick, the pastor of Sherwood Baptist Church.

## Filmography

- _Flywheel_ - released on April 9, 2003
- _Facing the Giants_ - released on September 29, 2006
- _Fireproof_ - released on September 26, 2008
- _Courageous_ - released on September 30, 2011

## Other websites

- Official company website

## Infobox (_company)

- **company name**: Sherwood Pictures
- **company type**: Ministry of Sherwood Baptist Church
- **location city**: Albany, Georgia, Albany, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **location country**: United States
- **industry**: Filmography
- **homepage**: [http://www.sherwoodpictures.com/ SherwoodPictures.com]
Klik

**klik** is a system for software download and use on Linux.

## Related pages

- RUNZ, similar method

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: klik
- **screenshot**: Klik.png
- **developer**: Simon Peter (developer), Simon Peter
- **latest release version**: 0.5r9
- **operating system**: Linux
- **status**: discontinued
- **genre**: Software download system
- **license**: GPL (client)
- **website**: [http://klik.atekon.de/ klik.atekon.de]
Zero Install

**Zero Install** is a way to distribute and package software for Linux and Unix-like operating systems.
Currently, the only operating system to include Zero Install is Super Ubuntu

## Method of Operation

Instead of the normal method of downloading a software package, extracting it, and installing it before it can be used, packages distributed using Zero Install need only to be opened and usually comes in Application Directory format (presented to the user as a single file).

## Advantages

Some advantages of Zero Install are:
- No root password needed to install software; packages are installed in system locations writable by that user. Thus, package installation affect only the user installing it, which makes it possible for all users to be able to install and run new software.
- Because it is easier to install extra packages later, it is easier to split documentation and translations (for example) into separate packages. For instance, translations would not be downloaded until they are accessed, so if only the default language of a piece of software is used, the translations will never be accessed and thus downloaded and installed. However, most current Zero Install packages are split the same way as their non-Zero Install counterparts.
- All software packaged this way is always available, as long as a network connection is. There is no concept of one computer having a program or library installed, while another one does not have it.

## Related pages

- autopackage
- RUNZ

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Zero Install
- **screenshot**: Zero Install.png
- **caption**: Zero Install
- **developer**: Thomas Leonard
- **latest release version**: 2.11.5
- **operating system**: Linux, Unix, Mac OS X
- **programming language**: Python
- **genre**: Software package
- **license**: LGPL
- **website**: http://0install.net
Sentosa

**Sentosa** is a resort island at the south of Singapore. The island is well known for its beach, Fort Siloso and two five-star hotels. The island was used as a place to build a fort during World War II, by the British who ruled Singapore back then. Sentosa is also well known for its theme parks.
British Uganda Programme

The **British Uganda Programme** was a plan to give a piece of East Africa, owned by the British, to  Jewish people to live in. The plan was made to help the Jews in Russia to find somewhere to live after the pogroms.

The offer was first made by British Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain to Theodor Herzl's Zionist group in 1903.  He said he would give them 5,000km of the Mau Plateau, Kenya.

The idea was brought up during Zionist Congress at its sixth meeting in 1903 in Basel. Many people disagreed with it. In the end the motion passed by 295 to 177 votes.

## Problems

The plateau's high elevation gave it a low temperature, which was good for the European people. However, it was filled with lions and other dangerous animals. This problem made the Zionists politely refuse the offer for the land.

## Other websites

- Jewish Virtual Library on Uganda Proposal
Razia Sultana

**Razia al-Din** (or: **Razia Sultana, Radia, Radhia)** (1205-1240) was an Indian ruler of the Mamluk dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. She was the first and last Muslim lady ruler to have ruled India. A Persian historian called her brave, kind and just. She was the daughter of Iltumish. She ascended the throne in 1236 A.D.  But the nobles who did not like to be ruled by Razia soon killed her in a war. Her husband name was Malik Altuniya.
Caravaca de la Cruz

**Caravaca de la Cruz** is a municipality in the Region of Murcia, in Spain.

It has an area of 859.5 km² and a population of 25,659 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Caravaca de la Cruz
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Caravaca-de-la-cruz-bandera.jpg
- **image seal**: Escudo de Caravaca.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: José Francisco García
- **area total km2**: 859.5
- **population total**: 25,659
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 29.85
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 30400
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 30015
Dhallywood

The **Bangladeshi movie industry**, popularly known as **Dhallywood** (a portmanteau of the words Dhaka and Hollywood), has been based in Bangladesh's capital, Dhaka, since 1956. As of 2004, it produced approximately 100 movies a year, with an average movie budget of about 6,500,000 Bangladeshi taka.
1955–56 NHL season

The **1955–56 NHL season** was the 39th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Montreal Canadiens were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the Detroit Red Wings four games to one in the best-of-seven final series.

### Final standings

_Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes_
|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="30%"|National Hockey League|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%"|GP|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%"|W|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%"|L|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%"|T|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%"|Pts|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="7.5%"|GF|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="7.5%"|GA|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="7.5%"|PIM|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Montreal Canadiens**|70|45|15|10|100|222|131|977||||||||||
|**Detroit Red Wings**|70|30|24|16|76|183|148|794||||||||||
|**New York Rangers**|70|32|28|10|74|204|203|911||||||||||
|**Toronto Maple Leafs**|70|24|33|13|61|153|181|1051||||||||||
|Boston Bruins|70|23|34|13|59|147|185|929||||||||||
|Chicago Black Hawks|70|19|39|12|50|155|216|826||||||||||

### Scoring leaders

_Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes_
|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="30%"|Player|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="40%"|Team|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="6%"|GP|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="6%"|G|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="6%"|A|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="6%"|PTS|bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="6%"|PIM|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Jean Beliveau|Montreal Canadiens|70|47|41|88|143||||||||
|Gordie Howe|Detroit Red Wings|70|38|41|79|100||||||||
|Maurice Richard|Montreal Canadiens|70|38|33|71|89||||||||
|Bert Olmstead|Montreal Canadiens|70|14|56|70|94||||||||
|Tod Sloan|Toronto Maple Leafs|70|37|29|66|100||||||||
|Andy Bathgate|New York Rangers|70|19|47|66|59||||||||

## NHL awards

|Prince of Wales Trophy:|Montreal Canadiens|
| --- | --- |
|Art Ross Memorial Trophy:|Jean Beliveau, Montreal Canadiens|
|Calder Memorial Trophy:|Glenn Hall, Detroit Red Wings|
|Hart Memorial Trophy:|Jean Beliveau, Montreal Canadiens|
|James Norris Memorial Trophy:|Doug Harvey, Montreal Canadiens|
|Lady Byng Memorial Trophy:|Earl Reibel, Detroit Red Wings|
|Vezina Trophy:|Jacques Plante, Montreal Canadiens|

### All-Star teams

|First team|Position|Second team||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Jacques Plante, Montreal Canadiens|align=center|G|Glenn Hall, Detroit Red Wings|
|Doug Harvey, Montreal Canadiens|align=center|D|Red Kelly, Detroit Red Wings|
|Bill Gadsby, New York Rangers|align=center|D|Tom Johnson, Montreal Canadiens|
|Jean Beliveau, Montreal Canadiens|align=center|C|Tod Sloan, Toronto Maple Leafs|
|Maurice Richard, Montreal Canadiens|align=center|RW|Gordie Howe, Detroit Red Wings|
|Ted Lindsay, Detroit Red Wings|align=center|LW|Bert Olmstead, Montreal Canadiens|

## References

- Hockey Database
- NHL.com
Illustrator

An **illustrator** is an artist who draws. The drawings can be on books, internet webpages or other things. They can describe ideas or objects that are hard to describe with just words. A cartoon illustration can make a humorous essay funnier. Illustrators also helped greatly in times when many people could not read.
Scarborough, North Yorkshire

**Scarborough** is a town on the North Sea coast of North Yorkshire, England.

According to an Icelandic Saga, it was founded by the Vikings around 966<small>AD</small>. There are remains of Roman, Stone Age and Bronze Age settlements, so it was obviously a natural place to put a settlement.

With a population of around 50,000, Scarborough is the largest holiday resort on the Yorkshire coast.  Yorkshire County Cricket Club's second ground is at North Marine Road.

Local news and information is provided by the towns radio station Yorkshire Coast Radio.

Scarborough Athletic FC is the football team in the coastal resort. The team is managed by Manchester United treble winner and former West Brom captain Jono Greening.

### Rail

The town is served by Scarborough railway station.

### Roads

Scarborough has four major roads serving the town; these also link it to other major towns and cities.
- A64 – Main road that terminates in the town centre, linking Scarborough with Malton, York, Leeds, the A19 and the A1(M). This is the main tourist route to the town and is dual carriageway standard for most of its route (between the A1(M) and Malton).
- A165 – This is the coastal route that links the town with Filey, Bridlington and Hull. In 2008, a new road was opened to bypass Osgodby to the south of Scarborough. This now forms part of the A165.
- A170 – This links Scarborough to the North York Moors and Thirsk to the west.
- A171 – This is the coastal route to the north that links the town with Whitby and Middlesbrough.

These roads can be got to from the M1 motorway, which runs from London to Scotland through the middle of Yorkshire.

## Leisure

The town has fine arts and recreational facilities. Two theatres and two cinemas are popular. There are several museums: Woodend for art, The Rotunda for geology, Scarborough Art Gallery for the fine arts.

The Grade II listed Scarborough Spa complex is home to the Scarborough Spa Orchestra, the last remaining seaside orchestra in the UK.

## Fishing

Scarborough's fishing industry is still active, though reduced in size. The working harbour is home to a fish market with a shop and wooden stalls. Fresh, locally-caught seafood can be bought by the public. A seaweed farm has been in operation since 2018.
Scarborough

**Scarborough** is the name of several things. They include:

## Places

- Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England
- Scarborough, Maine, United States
- Scarborough, Toronto, Canada

## People

- Joe Scarborough, a television host

## Transport

- Scarborough (ship), an Australian ship
- Scarborough railway station, in North Yorkshire
Fish farm

A **fish farm** is a place where fish are bred. In most cases, this is done for food. There are two basic types of fish farms:
- Those where the fish are raised in tanks
- Those where fish are raised in specially prepared areas of the oceans, lakes or rivers.

The most common fish species raised by fish farms are salmon, carp, tilapia, catfish and cod.

There are many problems related to fish farming:
- Sometimes fish can escape. This is only an economic impact if the fish also occur naturally but can have a big impact if they do not.
- The fish in the farms need to be fed, for this other (smaller) fish need to be raised.
- Diseases and parasites may be a problem, because they spread much easier
- Fish farms have a bad effect on the surrounding habitat
Mansion

A **mansion** is a large and often luxurious house. It can be big enough for an owner, his family, and their many servants. One of the definitions is a large, imposing house. It was originally the same as a rural manor house, the home of a feudal lord or the earlier Roman villa. When similarly large houses were built in cities they were called "mansions". A "country house" is a common type of mansion in England.

Some famous mansions include:

- Biltmore Mansion in Asheville, North Carolina

- Pensmore Mansion in the Ozark Mountains

- Hearst Castle in San Simeon California

- Carson Mansion in Eureka, California

- Winchester Mystery House in San Jose, California

- Updown Court in Surrey, England

- Mansion House London, England.

- Whitehall Palace in south Florida
The Miserable Mill

***The Miserable Mill*** is a book by Lemony Snicket. It is the fourth book in a series called _A Series of Unfortunate Events_.

## Plot summary

Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire go by train to Paltryville to meet their new guardian at the Lucky Smells Lumbermill. When they arrive there, they find that it's a very boring place and that rather than being cared for by their new guardian, Sir, they must work in his sawmill with his mistraught and underpayed employees. After breaking his glasses, Klaus is sent to the optometrist (eye doctor) Dr. Orwell. He becomes hypnotized by Dr. Orwell, and causes an “accident.” Sir therefore threatens that if they cause any more accidents they will be sent to live with Shirley, who is really Count Olaf in disguise. Olaf’s plans fail, because Violet learns the word that undoes Klaus’s hypnosis. In the end, the Baudelaire orphans must go to the boarding school Prufrock Prep.
Mass Effect

***Mass Effect*** is an action role-playing game published by Microsoft and developed by BioWare. It was released for the Xbox 360 and later on the PC. The game takes place in the year 2183. Players control an elite human soldier called Commander Shepard and are able to explore the galaxy on his or her spacecraft, the _SSV Normandy_.

## Plot and Universe

_Mass Effect_ has a very detailed fictional universe, with many of the concepts based on real science. There are over 20 alien races the player can meet in _Mass Effect_, with more planned for the sequels.

### Themes

The game has a science fiction setting and explores themes such as space, racism,  religion and the state of humanity. The main plot of the game involves the classic science fiction idea of robots or AI that have got out of control. According to the lead writer of Bioware, Star Wars, Aliens and Blade Runner were all influences on the games setting and plot.

### Setting

_Mass Effect_  is set 180 years in the future in the year 2183. According to the back story humans discovered some ancient technology on Mars. This enabled them to build faster than light spacecraft. With this technology humans explored the whole Solar System. Twenty years before the game begins human explorers find that Pluto's moon Charon, is really a Mass Relay. Mass Relays are the only way to travel from one distant end of the galaxy to the other. Mass Relays are ancient technology created by the Protheans, the now exctict race that once ruled the galaxy. This enables spacecraft and people to be sent across the galaxy.
Free and open-source software

**Free and open source software** (for short: **FOSS**, means **free software** and/or **open source software**) is software whose source code is open and available to anyone who wishes to:
- improve it,
- study it,
- modify it, and
- share the original and the modifications with others.

These additional rights are generally granted to the user through the GPL, LGPL, or BSD license.

## Related pages

- Free software
- Open source
- Free software movement
- Free Software Foundation
- Linux
- GNU