juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Azerbaijani Land Force

The **Azerbaijani Land Force** () is the army of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces which is the military  of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

## History

Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan has been trying to further develop its armed forces into a professional, well trained, and mobile military. Based on 2007 statistics the country has about 56,840 ground force (land) troops, and a paramilitary force of 15,000 troops. There are 300,000 former service personnel who have had military service in the last fifteen years.

## Operation

In wartime, the Army proper could call the support of the paramilitary Azerbaijani National Guard, the Internal Troops of Azerbaijan, and the State Border Service of Azerbaijan (who patrol Azerbaijan's borders with Georgia, Russia, Iran, Turkey and Armenia), which can be involved in state defense. The exact wartime command structure is unknown.

## Missions

Azerbaijan has also sent soldiers to be trained in Turkey, Russia and Israel over the past years, and these countries also sell weapons to Azerbaijan, among many countries. Since the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War, Azerbaijan has made the army boost the defense of the country and possibly retake its separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh from neighboring enemy Armenia which invaded it, but is legally a part of Azerbaijan.

## Related pages

- Azerbaijani Navy
- Azerbaijani Air Force
- Azerbaijani Armed Forces
- Azerbaijani National Guard
- Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
- 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
- State Border Service of Azerbaijan

## Other websites

- Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
- Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards
- U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces , October 2008
- Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program

## Infobox (military unit)

- **unit name**: Azərbaycan Silahlı Qüvvələri Quru Qoşunları
Azerbaijani Land Force
- **image**: Azerbaijani Land Forces badge.svg
- **caption**: The Flag of the Azerbaijani Land Forces
- **dates**: October 9, 1991 - present
- **branch**: Army
- **type**: Military
- **role**: Ground (land) warfare
- **size**: 56,840 ground force (land) soldier, troops
15,000 paramilitary troops
- **garrison**: Baku
- **battles**: **Nagorno-Karabakh War**; peacekeeping roles in Kosovo,  Iraq and  Afghanistan
- **notable commanders**: -**Samad bey Mehmandarov**
-**Ali-Agha Shikhlinski**
-**Mamedbey Sulkevich**
-**Abdulhamid bey Gaitabashi**
- **anniversaries**: 1918 (first founding); October 9, 1991 (second founding)
Azerbaijani Air Force

The **Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force** often called the **Azerbaijani Air Force** () is the air force and air defence force of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.

The origin of the current organization goes back to June 26, 1918, when the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic which became independent in 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, bought its first fighter aircraft. After the second independence of Azerbaijan in 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the presence of former Soviet air bases in Azerbaijan helped the Air and Air Defence Force develop.

## Current organization

The Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force has about 600 aircraft and 350 helicopters, and 7,900 personnel. There are Soviet-made MiG-21s, MiG-23s, Su-24s and Su-25s, as well as fourth generation MiG-29s bought from Ukraine in 2006 and Soviet-made Il-76s. Azerbaijan is holding talks with either China or Pakistan to buy JF-17 Thunder aircraft. The MiG-29 has been chosen as the standard aircraft for the Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force.

## Related pages

- Military history of Azerbaijan
- Azerbaijani Armed Forces
- Azerbaijani Land Force
- Azerbaijani Navy
- Azerbaijani National Guard
- Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
- State Border Service of Azerbaijan

## Other websites

- Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
- Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards
- U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces , October 2008
- Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program

## Other websites

- Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force • Azərbaycan Hərbi Hava Qüvvələri

## Infobox (military unit)

- **unit name**: Azərbaycan Hərbi Hava Qüvvələri
Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force
- **image**: Flag of the Azerbaijani Air Forces.png
- **caption**: The Flag of the Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force
- **dates**: October 9, 1991 - present
- **branch**: Air force
- **type**: Military
- **role**: Air warfare and air defence
- **size**: 7,900 military personnel
 600 aircraft and 350 helicopters (2011)
 4 active air bases
- **current commander**: Major General Altay Mehdiyev
- **colors**:
- **battles**: **Nagorno-Karabakh War**
- **anniversaries**: June 26, 1918 (first founding); October 9, 1991 (second founding)
Azerbaijani Navy

The **Azerbaijan Navy** () is the navy of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces operating in the Caspian Sea.

The origin of the current organization goes back to June 26, 1918, when the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic which became independent in 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, formed its first navy. After the second independence of Azerbaijan in 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Azerbaijani Navy was formed out of the former Soviet Navy in the Azerbaijani SSR.

## Strength

The navy has about 5,000 military personnel in sixteen units. These include the Caspian Sea fleet and a border coast guard. The fleet is made up of 1 Petya class frigate, 2 OSA-II-Class and 5 Stenka Class patrol boats, 2 Sonya Class and 5 Yevgenya Class minesweepers (for removing mines), 6 landing craft (ships that can land on the coast), 2 landing cutters (patrol boats that can land on the coast), 1 special purposes warship and 1 special purposes cutter.

## Related pages

- Military history of Azerbaijan
- Azerbaijani Armed Forces
- Azerbaijani Land Force
- Azerbaijani Air Force
- Azerbaijani National Guard
- Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
- State Border Service of Azerbaijan

## Other websites

- Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
- Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards
- U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces , October 2008
- Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program

## Infobox (military unit)

- **unit name**: Azərbaycan Hərbi Dəniz Qüvvələri
Azerbaijani Navy
- **image**: Naval Flag of Azerbaijan.svg
- **caption**: The Flag of the Azerbaijani Navy
- **dates**: October 9, 1991 - present
- **branch**: Navy
- **type**: Military
- **role**: Naval warfare and coastal defence (coast guard)
- **size**: 5,000 military personnel and 25 ships
- **current commander**: Vice Admiral Shahin Sultanov
- **garrison**: Baku
- **anniversaries**: June 26, 1918 (first founding); October 9, 1991 (second founding)
Jane (German band)

**Jane** was a German rock band. The band formed in October 1970 in Hanover. In 1973, their album _Here We Are_ was very popular.

### Vinyl

- _Together_ (1972)
- _Here we are_ (1973)
- _Jane III_ (1974)
- _Lady_ (1975)
- _Fire, Water, Earth and Air_ (1976)
- _Live at Home_ (1976)
- _Between Heaven and Hell_ (1977)
- _Age of Madness_ (1978)
- _Sign No. 9_ (1979)
- _Jane (Mask)_ (1980)
- _Germania_ (1981)
- _Warlock Rock Ballet soundtrack (feat. Lady Jane)_ (1983)
- _Beautiful Lady_ (1986)
- _Live '88_ (1989)
- _Live '89_ (1990)

### CDs

- _Together_ (1990)
- _Here we are_ (1997)
- _Jane III_ (1997)
- _Lady_ (1997)
- _Fire, Water, Earth and Air_ (1990)
- _Live at home_ (1992)
- _Between Heaven and Hell_ (1997)
- _Age of madness_ (1997)
- _Sign No. 9_ (1997)
- _Jane (Maske)_ (1997)
- _Germania_ (1997)
- _Beautiful Lady_ (1993)
- _Live '89_ (1990)
- _Resurrection (Pano's Jane)_ (1996)
- _Comes alive (Klaus Hess/Mother Jane)_ (2000)
- _Back again (Lady Jane)_ (2000)
- _Genuine_ (2002)
- _Live 2002 (Peter Panka's Jane)_ (2002)
- _Shine On (Peter Panka's Jane)_ (2003)
- _Voices (Peter Panka's Jane)_ (2006)
- _Live At META's (Peter Panka's Jane)_ (2007)
- _Tribute to Peter Panka (Werner Nadolny's Jane)_ (2008)
- _Proceed with Memories (Werner Nadolny's Jane)_ (2009)
- _In Dreams (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane)_ (2009)
- _Traces (Peter Panka's Jane)_ (2009)
- _Hungry4Live (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane)_ (2010)
- _Hungry4Live part 2 (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane)_ (2010)
- _The Journey - Best of Jane '70-'80 (Werner Nadolny's Jane)_ (2010)
- _Eternity (Werner Nadolny's Jane)_ (2011)
- _Kuxan Suum (Peter Panka's Jane)_ (2011)

### Singles

- _Daytime_ (1972)
- _Here we are_ (1973)
- _Bambule Rock_ (1974)
- _Age of madness_ (1978)
- _Love Song_ (1978)
- _Beautiful lady (Maxi-Single)_ (1986)
- _Together we stand (Mother Jane)_ (1998)

### Compilations

- _Waiting for the sunshine_ (1979)
- _Rock on brain (2 LP)_ (1980)

### DVD

- _Krautrock Meeting_ (2005)
- _Jane - Live 2002 Hannover_ (2005)
- _Jane - Tribute To Peter Panka_ (2008)
- _Phoenix_ (2008)
- _Jane - Inside - (The Cave - Concert)_ (2010)
- _Jane - Live 2010 / Fernsehkonzert 2010_ (2010)
- _Jane - Eternity_ (2011)
- _Jane - Visual Impressions_ (2011)
- _Jane - Live at home again - Hannover 2011_ (2011)

## Other websites

- Overview of Jane on AllMusic
- Jane (PP's Jane), official site
- Mother Jane a.k.a. Klaus Hess' Jane, official site
- Jane (WN's Jane), official site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jane
- **image**: Werner Nadolnys Jane spielen 2011.jpg
- **caption**: 2011
- **background**: group_or_band
- **years active**: 1970-1982, 1992, 2002-2007
- **origin**: Hanover, Germany
- **genre**: Psychedelic rock
- **associated acts**: Lady Jane, Mother Jane, Pano's Jane
- **current members**: Charly Maucher
Werner Nadolny
Klaus Walz
Fritz Randow
Niklas Turmann
Corvin Bahn
- **past members**: Peter Panka
Werner Nadolny
Predrag Jovanović
Martin Hesse
Gottfried Janko
Klaus Hess
Manfred Wieczorke
Arndt Schulz
Wolfgang Krantz
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The **Armed Forces of the Russian Federation** are the military of Russia, created after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The Armed Forces is known to be one of the biggest in the world with about  1,200,000 troops active. Russia also makes its own weapons. The Armed Forces has 6 branches: Russian Air Force, Russian Ground Forces, Russian Navy, Strategic Missile Troops, Russian Space Troops and the Russian Airborne Troops. The Commander-In-Chief is the President of Russia.

## History

When the Soviet Union broke up, Russia and the various other countries got parts of its large armed forces. The country's president, Boris Yeltsin, had to fix Russia and build up the military. So, Yeltsin appointed himself the Russian minister of defence. Eventually, CIS helped Russia get its defence into shape. Then in 1993, a doctrine was made to set up the official military.

## Personnel

As of 2008, 480,000 men joined the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The term is usually a year. Russians can join at the age of 18 to 27 years old. Like any other Armed Forces, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has ranks. The ranks are open to non-Russian citizens as well.
St. Cloud, Minnesota

**St. Cloud** is a city in central Minnesota. It is north of Minneapolis-St. Paul. St. Cloud State University is there. Most of St. Cloud is in Stearns County, but parts of it are in Benton and Sherburne Counties. The population of St. Cloud was 66,881 at the 2020 census. The Mississippi River runs through St. Cloud, and St. Cloud uses the Mississippi as drinking water.
Shannon Miller

**Shannon Miller** (born March 10, 1977) is an American gymnast. She was born in Rolla, Missouri. She moved to Edmond, Oklahoma when she was six months old. She is the most decorated artistic gymnastics performer in the history of the United States. She was the 1993 and 1994 World All-Around Champion and 1996 Summer Olympics balance beam gold medalist. Shannon won a combined total of 16 World Champion and Olympic medals between 1991 and 1996. She was also the most successful United States athlete at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, receiving five medals overall.

## Other websites

- Shannon Miller  at USA Gymnastics
Capital of Korea

- _This article is about the Korean national capital in general. For the current capital, see Seoul or Pyongyang._

The **capital of Korea** has been in many locations during the history of the Korean peninsula.  Today there are two Koreas, each with its own capital city:
- Seoul is the capital of the Republic of Korea (ROK), also known as South Korea
- Pyongyang is the capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), also known as North Korea

Since the end of World War II, there have been two countries or  divided Korea:  If reunification were to take place someday, alternate prospects for the capital city, along with Seoul and Pyŏngyang,are Sejong City in South Korea and Kaesong in North Korea.

## History

- During the Gojoseon period
The Go-Joseon period lasted from 2333 BC to 108 BC.
- Unknown — first capital
- Pyongyang — second capital (post 400 BC)
- During the Three Kingdoms period
The Three Kingdoms period lasted from 57 BC to AD 676
- Jolbon – first capital of Goguryeo
- Gungnae-seong – second capital of Goguryeo
- Pyongyang – third capital of Goguryeo
- Wiryeseong – first capital of Baekje
- Ungjin – second capital of Baekje
- Sabi – third capital of Baekje
- Gyeongju – capital of Silla

- During the North-South States Period
- Gyeongju – capital of Silla
- Dongmo Mountain – first capital of Balhae
- Junggyeong – second capital of Balhae
- Sanggyeong – third capital of Balhae

- During the Later Three Kingdoms period
- Gyeongju – capital of Silla
- Wansanju – capital of Hubaekje
- Songak – first capital of Taebong
- Cheorwon – second capital of Taebong

- During the Goryeo Dynasty period
The Goryeo Dynasty lasted from 918 to 1392.
- Gaegyeong

- During the Joseon Dynasty period
The Joseon Dynasty lasted from 1392 to 1910.
- Hanseong

- During the Japanese colonial period
The Japanese colonial period lasted from 1910 to 1945.
- Seoul

## Modern capitals

- Seoul
- Pyongyang
Jennifer Beals

**Jennifer Beals** was born December 19, 1963 around the Chicago metropolitan area. Her most notable acting role was playing Alexandra Owens for the 1983 film _Flashdance_. She also starred in the Showtime television program _The L Word_. She's been in more than 50 movies over the years.
Red Wing, Minnesota

**Red Wing** is a city in Minnesota on the Mississippi River. It is known for its farming and where the Swiss Mission for Native Americans took place.

## Other websites

- Information on Red Wing, Minnesota from Infoplease
Naniwa-kyō

, also called **Naniwa no Tsu**,  was an ancient Imperial capital of Japan in the 7th and 8th centuries.  It was located in present-day Osaka.

## History

Naniwa was founded by Emperor Temmu in 683. After 745, the capital moved to Heijō-kyō.

### Timeline

- **683**: Temmu establishes Naniwa
- **744** (_Tenpyō 16_): Emperor Shōmu and the court moved to Naniwa, which then became the new capital.
- **745** (_Tenpyō 17_): Shōmu built a palace named Shigaraki no Miya
- **745** (_Tenpyō 17_): The court and the capital moves to Heijō Kyō.

### Archeology

In 1957, traces of ancient palaces were found. Other archaeological site was discovered in 2006.

## Related pages

- Capital of Japan

## Other websites

- Osaka City Cultural Properties Association
Kuni-kyō

, also called **Kuni no miyako**, was an ancient Imperial capital of Japan between 740 and 744. It was in present-day Kizugawa in Kyoto Prefecture.

## History

The new capital of Emperor Shōmu was built by Tachibana no Moroe.

The palace (_Kuni no miya_) was built in the former Yamashiro Province. in what became the town Kizu.

The city of Kuni-kyō was not completed.  The court and capital moved to Naniwa-kyō (Osaka) after only four years.

## Archeology

Studies of the archaeological site suggest the location of the main buildings.  The city was laid out in a grid. The area of palace is estimated to have been 500+ meters wide and 700+ meters long.

## Related pages

- Capital of Japan
Focal length

The **focal length** tells how strongly a lens, a curved mirror or another optical device brings light together or spreads it out. If rays of light go straight into a lens and the focal length is positive, the focal length is the distance to the point behind the lens where the rays will be brought to a focus. If the focal length of the lens is negative, the focal length is the distance at which the light has spread to twice its original size. Light from a large distance produces an image at F (focal point). The distance from the centre of the lens to F is the focal length.
Heijō-kyō

**Heijō-kyō** (, also known as  **Heizei-kyō**) was twice the ancient Imperial capital of Japan from 710 to 784.  It was where Nara is today.

## History

In 710, Empress Gemmei moved the Imperial capital from Fujiwara-kyō which is about 18 km south.

### Timeline

- **707** (_Keiun 4_): Emperor Mommu orders construction of a new capital city, but the work is not complete before his death.
- **710** (_Wadō 3, 3rd month_):  Empress Gemmei moves from Fujiwara-kyō to Heijō-kyō.  The palace of the empress was named Nara-no-miya.
- **784** (_Enryaku 3_): Capital is moved briefly to Nagaoka
- **794** (_Enryaku 13_): Capital was moved to Heian-kyō and the palace was named Heian no Miya.
- **November 17, 794** (_Enryaku 13, 21st day of the 10th month_): The emperor traveled by carriage from Nara to Heian-kyō in a grand procession.   This marks the end of the Nara period and the beginning of the Heian period in Japanese history.

## Architecture

The Heijō Palace and some of the Buddhist temples at Heijō-kyō are named together as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, including
- Daian-ji (大安寺)
- Yakushi-ji (薬師寺)
- Kōfuku-ji (興福寺)
- Gangō-ji (元興寺)
- Suzakumon (朱雀門, reconstruction)
- Saidai-ji (西大寺)
- Tōdai-ji (東大寺)
- Daikokuden (大極殿, reconstruction)

## Related pages

- List of World Heritage Sites in Japan
- Capital of Japan

## Other websites

- Jô-Bô System of Heijô-Kyô
- Nara (Heijô-kyô) — The Capital of Japan in the 8th Century
First Spaceship on Venus

***First Spaceship on Venus*** is a science fiction movie that came out in 1959. It is rated PG for parental guidance. It is 130 minutes long. It is directed by Kurt Maetzig.
Sribhargavaraghaviyam

***Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam*** () (2002), meaning _Of Parashurama and Rama_, is a Sanskrit epic poem (Mahākāvya) made by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya (1950–) in 2002. It is made of 2121 verses in 40 Sanskrit and Prakrit metres and is separated into 21 cantos (_Sarga_s) and each contains 101 verses. The epic is the story of the two Rama Avatars – Parashurama and Rama. This is found in the Ramayana and other Hindu books. _Bhārgava_ is used for Parashurama, as he was born in the family of the religious teacher Maharishi Bhrigu, while _Rāghava_ is used for to Rama as he was born in the royal family of king Raghu. The poet was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for Sanskrit in 2005, and many other awards for this work.

A copy of the epic with a Hindi commentary by the poet himself was published by the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University, Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh. The book was released by the then prime minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee on October 30, 2002.

## Other websites

- A Sanskrit only text of the epic
- A list of corrections in the published version
- The single consonant verses from the epic with the Sanskrit commentary by the poet

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: श्रीभार्गवराघवीयम्
- **title orig**: Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam
- **image**: Ramabhadracharya Works - Sribhargavaraghaviyam (2002).jpg
- **image caption**: Cover page of Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam, first edition
- **author**: Jagadguru Rāmabhadrācārya
- **country**: India
- **language**: Sanskrit
- **genre**: Epic Poem
- **publisher**: Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University
- **pub date**: October 21, 2002
- **media type**: Print (Hardcover)
- **pages**: 512 pages _(first edition)_
Capital of France

- _This article is about the French national capital in general. For the current capital, see Paris._

The **capital of France** is Paris.  In the course of history, the national capital has been in many locations other than Paris.

### List of capitals of France

- Tournai (before 486)
- Soissons (486-ca. 900)
- Paris (900-1419) The residence of the kings of France, but they were consecrated at Reims.
- Orléans (1108) One of the few consecrations of a French monarch to occur outside of Reims occurred at Orléans, when Louis VI the Fat was consecrated in Orléans Cathedral by Daimbert, archbishop of Sens and from 13 December 1560 to 31 January 1561, the French States-General met here.
- Troyes (1419–1422) For a short time during the Hundred Years' War, the town was the seat of the royal government.
- Bourges (1422–1444) Charles VII was forced to flee from Paris.
- Tours (1444—1527) Louis XI made château de Plessis-lez-Tours his residence.
- Paris (1528—1588) Francis I had established his court in Paris
- Tours (1589—1594) faction of parliamentarians, faithful to the king was sitting at Tours.
- Paris (1594—1661)
- Paris (1661-1682) Paris is the official capital, but Louis XIV disputed that Versalles will be the politic centre.
- Versailles (1682–1715) In 1682, Louis XIV made Versailles his residence.
- Paris (1715–1722)
- Versailles (1722–1789) On October 5 and 6, 1789, a throng from Paris invaded the castle and forced the royal family to move back to Paris. The National Constituent Assembly followed the king to Paris soon afterward, and Versailles lost its role of capital city.
- Paris (1789–1871)
- Versailles (1871–1879) The French Third Republic established Versailles as its seat of government in March 1871 after the Paris Commune took control of Paris.
- Paris (1879–1914, 1914-1940)
- Bordeaux (September 1914) The French government was relocated from Paris to Bordeaux very briefly during World War I, when it was feared that Paris would soon fall into German hands. These fears were alleviated after the German Army was pushed back at the First Battle of the Marne
- Tours (10–13 June 1940) Tours served as the temporary capital of France during the Second World War after the government fled Paris due to the German advance.
- Bordeaux (June 1940) The French government was relocated from Paris to Tours then Bordeaux very briefly during World War II, when it became apparent that Paris would soon fall into German hands.
- Vichy (1940-1944) The Parliament abolished the French Third Republic here and replaced it with the French State.
- Paris (1944–present) With the liberation of Paris in 1944, Charles de Gaulle established the Provisional Government of the French Republic, restoring Paris as the French capital.
Protein Data Bank

The **Protein Data Bank** (**PDB**) is a collection of information about the three dimensional (3-D) structure of large biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Biologists and biochemists from around the world send in the data. Most data comes from X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy. Anyone can access the PDB for free online. The Worldwide Protein Data Bank, wwPDB, manages the PDB.

The PDB is useful for scientists studying structural biology and structural genomics. Many scientists have to send their information to the database. Major scientific journals and some funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health in the United States have rules telling scientists to send the data to the PDB. The PDB has the original or primary data. Hundreds of other databases reuse the data. These secondary databases organize the information in different ways. For example, both SCOP and CATH put structures into groups organized by type of structure and ideas about how they are related through evolution. Gene ontology puts the data into groups based on genes.

## Related pages

- Database of Molecular Motions
- The Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) – parent site to regional hosts (below)
    - RCSB Protein Data Bank (USA)
    - PDBe (Europe)
    - PDBj (Japan)
    - BMRB, Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank  (USA)
- wwPDB Documentation – documentation on both the PDB and PDBML file formats
- Looking at Structures  – The RCSB's introduction to crystallography
- PDBsum Home Page – Extracts data from other databases about PDB structures.
- Nucleic Acid Database, NDB  – a PDB mirror especially for searching for nucleic acids
- Introductory PDB tutorial sponsored by PDB

## Infobox (_biodatabase)

- **title**: The Protein Data Bank.
- **logo**:
- **description**: Protein structure
X-ray crystallography
NMR spectroscopy, NMR Structure Determination
- **format**: Protein Data Bank (file format), PDB
- **url**: , , ,
Dhok Padhal

**Dhok Padhal** () is a village in Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan.

## Geography

The village is at 32° 58' 40" North, 73° 30' 40" East and has an altitude of 275 metres (905 ft) Falling Rain Genomics and has an area of about .It lies 10 km west of Dina, 5 km north of Rohtas and 30 km north east of Tilla Jogian.

## Related pages

- Dhok padhal map
- school name
Plitvice Lakes

**Plitvice Lakes** is a World Heritage Site and National Park in Croatia.
Waters flowing over the limestone and chalk have deposited minerals, and created natural dams. The result is a series of beautiful lakes, caves and waterfalls. The forests in the park are home to bears, wolves and many rare birds.

Plitvice is the oldest national park in southeast Europe and the largest national park in Croatia. It was founded in 1949 and is in the mountainous karst area of central Croatia, at the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In 1979, Plitvice Lakes was one of the first natural sites added to the UNESCO World Heritage register. Each year, more than 900,000 visitors are recorded.

The lakes are renowned for their distinctive colours, ranging from azure to green, grey or blue. The colours change constantly depending on the quantity of minerals or organisms in the water and the angle of sunlight.

### Plants

The area includes forests, meadows and water plants; ecologically it ranges from Alpine to Mediterranean conditions. Of over 1,000 types of plant, 75 are endemic, found naturally only here, and 55 are species of orchids.

### Animals

The park is home to a wide variety of animal and bird species. Rare fauna such as the European brown bear, wolf, eagle, owl, lynx, wild cat, capercaillie and many bats are there, with many more common species.
157 species of birds have been recorded, 70 of which nest in the area. 12 amphibian species and lizards, snakes and turtles are there also.
Sapote

**Sapote** (from Nahuatl ***tzapotl***) is a word for a soft, edible fruit. The word is part of the names of several plants from Mexico, Central America and northern parts of South America that have fruits.

Some but not all sapotes come from the family Sapotaceae:

- Sapotaceae sapotes:
    - Sapodilla (_Manilkara zapota_) is native to Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Belize, and possibly El Salvador.
    - Yellow sapote (_Pouteria campechiana_) is from Mexico and Central America.
    - Mamey sapote (_Pouteria sapota_) is from southern Mexico to northern South America.
    - Green sapote (_Pouteria viridis_) is native to lowland southern Mexico.

- Ebenaceae sapotes:
    - Black sapote (_Diospyros digyna_) is from eastern Mexico south to Colombia. This is probably the original Aztec _tzapotl_.
    - Chapote (_Diospyros texana_) is from the lower Rio Grande valley region in Texas and Mexico

- Other sapotes
    - White sapote (_Casimiroa edulis_: Rutaceae) is from northern and central Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Guatemala.
    - South American sapote (_Quararibea cordata_: Malvaceae) is from the Amazon rainforests of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Hansel and Gretel

"**Hansel and Gretel**" () is a fairy tale from Germany. The Brothers Grimm heard it from Dortchen Wild in Cassel and published it in their _Children's and Household Tales_ in 1812. The Grimms revised the tale over the years. They gave the children names, changed the mother to a stepmother, and introduced Christian motifs. Their final version is dated 1857. The tale has been adapted to many media, most notably the opera _Hänsel und Gretel_ (1893) by Engelbert Humperdinck. A stop-motion animated movie based on the opera was made in the 1950s.

## Story

Hansel and Gretel are a young brother and sister who learn their parents intend to abandon them in the forest. Despite their situation, Hansel and Gretel’s spirits remained high.They find their way home by leaving a trail of pebbles. One day, however, their parents succeed. The children wander the forest and come upon a house made of cake and candy. It belongs to an old woman who makes the children prisoners. Although, she intends to eat them, she fails. Gretel outwits her. She pushes the old woman into the oven and slams the door. The two poor kids escaped and lived happily ever after.

## References

- Opie, Iona and Peter. 1974. _The Classic Fairy Tales_. Oxford UP. pp. 236-7.
- Tatar, Maria. 2002. _The Annoted Classic Fairy Tales_. Norton. pp. 44-5.
- Zipes, Jack (Ed.) 2002. _The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales_. Norton. pp. 225-6.
Hurricane Hattie

**Hurricane Hattie** was a very powerful and deadly Atlantic storm in the western Caribbean Sea in autumn 1961. The storm struck Belize and parts of nearby countries, killing more than 300. This hurricane, because of how strong it was, would have been a Category Five on the Saffir-Simpson scale. The name **Hattie** was later retired.
Singapore at the Olympics

**Singapore** has sent athletes to most Summer Olympic Games held since 1948. The country was created as a separate British Crown Colony from the Straits Settlements about three months before the start of the 1948 Summer Olympics. It sent a team to the Games until 1964.

At that time, Singapore was part of Malaysia. The team from Malaysia included people from Singapore. When Singapore became independent from Malaysia in 1965, the country began sending its own team again. It sent a team for every summer games after then, except in 1980. The country boycotted the 1980 games along with many other countries. No athletes from Singapore have been in any Winter Olympic Games.

## Olympic medals

The country has won four Olympic medals. The first medal was won by Tan Howe Liang, who won a silver medal in lightweight weightlifting in 1960. In table tennis, Jing Jun Hong and Li Jiawei came close to winning medals in Sydney in 2000. They finished in fourth place. They also finished fourth in the 2004 Athens Olympics. Singapore sent many athletes to the 2008 Beijing Olympics. It was felt that this was their best chance of winning a medal since 1960. This proved to be true.

In the Beijing, Li, together with Feng Tianwei and Wang Yuegu, beat the South Korea Women's Table Tennis team in the semi-finals. Because of this, they made it to the final match and would win at least the silver medal. Singapore lost to host China in the gold medal final.

## Medalists

|style="width:5em"|Medal|style="width:13em"|Name|style="width:8em"|Games|style="width:7em"|Sport|style="width:10em"|Event|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Tan Howe Liang|1960 Rome|Weightlifting|Lightweight||||||
||Feng Tianwei, Li Jiawei and Wang Yuegu|2008 Beijing|Table tennis|Women's team||||||
||Feng Tianwei|2012 London|Table tennis|Women's singles||||||
||Feng Tianwei Li Jiawei Wang Yuegu || 2012 London || Table tennis || Women's team|||||||||

### Medals by sport

|Total||0||2||2||4|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Table tennis|0|1|2|3|||||
|Weightlifting|0|1|0|1|||||

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- Singapore profile at London2012.com

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: SGP
- **nocname**: Singapore National Olympic Council
- **games**: Olympics
- **gold**: 1
- **silver**: 2
- **bronze**: 2
- **seealso**: Malaysia (Malaysia at the 1964 Summer Olympics, 1964)
LUV Graz (women)

**LUV Graz (women)** is a women´s football club from the Styrian capital Graz. The club plays in the 2nd Frauenbundesliga. soccer.

## History

The club started as women team of the football club LUV Graz which was founded in 1959. They played from 1978 on in the Damenliga Ost, which was then the highest class in Austrian women´s soccer. In 1982 the ÖFB started the Frauen Bundesliga, which is now the ÖFB-Frauenliga. LUV Graz played from the beginning in this league. 1979 the club won the Cup. 1984 till 1986 the club reached the Cup-final but was beaten all three times. In the 1986 season the club reached the second place in the Championship. After the 1988/89 season the club stopped playing in the top level league.

In 1998 the club was restarted as independent women soccer club. They started in the Landesliga Steiermark, which was then the second level of women soccer. 2001 they returned to the ÖFB-Frauenliga. Since then LUV Graz is part of the league. They reached mostly places in the middle of the table, but in 2007 they were runner-up in the league. The second team of the club is playing in the Styrian Landesliga (3rd level). The club has also an U19 team.

### as part of LUV Graz

- Austrian Cup: 1979
- Austrian Cup runner-up: 1978, 1984, 1985, 1986
- Runner up Frauenliga: 1986

### as DFC LUV Graz

- Austrian Cup runner-up: 2006, 2007
- Runner up Frauenliga: 2007

## Coaches

- **First team**:Susanna Höller

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: LUV Graz Damen
- **fullname**: Lehrlingsunterstützungsverein Graz
- **founded**: 1998
- **chairman**: Franz Schwab
- **manager**: Boris Ljubic
- **league**: 2. Bundesliga Frauen
- **season**: 2022-23
- **position**: 6th
Hurricane Ophelia (2005)

**Hurricane Ophelia** was a long-lived Atlantic hurricane. It was mostly remembered for its very erratic and slow track off the United States' East Coast in September 2005. This storm brushed eastern North Carolina on September 14 and 15, 2005, causing $70 million in damages. Minor damage was also reported in eastern New England and Atlantic Canada when Ophelia brushed them as a strong tropical storm.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Ophelia
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 2005
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Ophelia 13 sept 2005 1830Z.jpg
- **image name**: Hurricane Ophelia on September 13, 2005
- **formed**: September 6, 2005
- **dissipated**: September 23, 2005 <small>(Extratropical cyclone, Extratropical after September 17)</small>
- **1-min winds**: 75
- **pressure**: 976
- **damages**: 70
- **inflated**: 1
- **fatalities**: 1 direct, 2 indirect
- **areas**: Northeast Florida, North Carolina, Massachusetts, Atlantic Canada
- **hurricane season**: 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
Jo Dee Messina

**Jo Dee Messina** is an American country music artist. She was born in Massachusetts on August 25, 1970. She has had nine #1 songs on the United States Billboard Country Music Charts. As late 2008 she had a song on Billboard's Hot Country Songs music chart.

She has been honored under the Country Music Association. In the past, she was nominated for two Grammy Awards. She was the first female country artist to score 3 multiple-week number one singles. Messina relocated to Nashville, Tennessee around age 19.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Jo Dee Messina_ (1996)
- _I'm Alright_ (1998)
- _Burn_ (2000)
- _Delicious Surprise_ (2005)
- _Me_ (2014)

- Singles
- "It's Too Late to Worry" (2006)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jo Dee Messina
- **image**: Jo Dee Messina in Naples Italy.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Jo Dee Marie Messina
- **origin**: Holliston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **birth place**: Framingham, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **occupation**: Singing, Singer, songwriter
- **years active**: 1994–present
- **label**: RCA Records, RCA, Curb Records, Curb, Dreambound
- **website**: [http://www.jodeemessina.com/ Official Website]
Winnipeg general strike

The **Winnipeg General Strike** happened in March 1919 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Although many Canadian companies had enjoyed large profits during World War I, they had bad contracts, wages, and working conditions. Some protesters rioted.
Shoeshine

***Shoeshine*** is a drama movie made in 1947. It has some violence in it. It is 90 minutes long. It is an Italian movie directed by Vittorio De Sica. It was nominated for best picture by the National Board of Review.

## Other websites

- Overview at allrovi
Sejo of Joseon

**Sejo of Joseon** (; September 29 1417 – September 8 1468) was the seventh king of the Joseon Dynasty. He was the second son of Sejong the Great.

In 1429 his peerage was **Grand Prince Suyang**. When his father died in 1450, his elder brother Munjong was crowned. Two years later Munjong died, and Munjong's son Danjong was crowned.

In 1455, he took the throne and became king of Joseon himself. Sejo's nephew Danjong was expelled. Danjong was then murdered in 1455.

## Works

- _Seokbosangjeol_ ()
- Worinseokbo ()
- Yeokdaebyeongyo ()

## Related pages

- Cheugugi
- Yeonsangun of Joseon

## Other websites

- Sejo of Joseon:Navercast
- Sejo of Joseon
- 조선 세조대 정치를 보는 시각과 생육신 (논문)
- 나한님 옆 바위틈에 ‘물방울 종소리’ 청아해라 불교신문 2008년 06월 14일자
- 선 굵은 선조… 개성 넘치는 정조…
- (이성무의 선비 이야기) <15> 세조와 이계전

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Sejo
- **title**: King of Joseon
- **image**: File:세조 어진 초본.jpg
- **reign**: 1455 – 1468
- **coronation**: 1455
- **predecessor**: Danjong of Joseon
- **successor**: Yejong of Joseon
- **spouse**: Queen Jeonghui
- **issue**: Crown Prince Uigyeong of Joseon,
Yejong of Joseon
- **royal house**: House of Yi
- **father**: Sejong of Joseon
- **mother**: Queen Soheon
Kaštanka

**Kaštanka** is a forest. It has one of the highest lying sets of chestnuts in central Europe. It is in a small town called Nasavrky. Nasavrky is in eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic. It is about 25 km south of county seat Pardubice.

## History

Jan Adam von Auersperg came back from Italy with six seedlings of chestnut at the end of 18th century.  He ordered that the seedlings were planted on the north side of Nasavrky hill. This happened between 1776 to 1778. The plants were the start of Kaštanka. In passing time, the set was expanded a lot. Kaštanka had over 110 trees in the turn of 19th and 20th century.
Kaštanka was made a nature monument on 1 December 1990. At that time, Kaštanka had over 138 trees. One of the first planted trees survives to this day. It was named "Knížák" in honor of prince Auersperg.
The chestnut became the sign of Nasavrky. It became the main motive in the emblem of the city Nasavrky, and the flag of Nasavrlky in 1996.

## Main information

Kaštanka is natural monument which was declared as special protection area on 1st December 1990. The set of chestnuts is on a slight rise north ward. This area is in a built-up area about 100 meters from the city square. Kaštanka is at an altitude of 472 – 486. The area of set is 1,088 hectares large and all trees are chestnut trees expect a few that are on the edge.

## Inspired by Kaštanka

Kaštanka was main theme of many artists like painters, sculptors and writers. Some writers wrote novels about Kaštanka. Two of the authors that did this were Marie Doležalová and Alois Stanislav Novák. Kaštanka gave Věra Vovsová, Jiří Poláček and Karel Pavlík the inspiration to make art. Vovsová said this about Kaštanka:
Patty Duke

**Anna Marie "Patty" Duke** (December 14, 1946 – March 29, 2016) was an American stage, television and movie actress. She was born in Manhattan, New York City. Duke was married to actor John Astin and had two children; Mackenzie Astin and Sean Astin.

In 1963, at age 16, Duke won the Academy Award for "Best Actress in a Supporting Role" for playing Helen Keller in _The Miracle Worker_. At the time, she was the youngest person to win the award.

On March 29, 2016, Duke died of sepsis from a ruptured intestine in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. She was 69 years old.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **embed**: yes
- **office2**: President of the Screen Actors Guild
- **term start2**: 1985
- **term end2**: 1988
- **predecessor2**: Edward Asner
- **successor2**: Barry Gordon


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Patty Duke
- **image**: Patty Duke 1975.JPG
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Duke in 1975
- **birth name**: Anna Marie Duke
- **birth place**: [Manhattan], New York City, New York (state), New York, United States
- **death place**: Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, United States
- **other names**: Patty Duke Astin
Anna Duke-Pearce
- **occupation**: Actress, author, mental health advocate
- **spouse**: Harry Falk
(m. 1965-1969, divorced)
Michael Tell
(m. 1970-1970, annulment, annulled)
John Astin
(m. 1972-1985, divorced)
Michael Pearce
(m. 1986-2016, her death)
- **children**: Sean Astin
Mackenzie Astin
Kevin Pearce
Prequel

**Prequel** is a term in drama and literature: it is a fusion of the words 'precursor' and 'sequel'.

When a story is told in several stages, it is natural to tell it in order of time. For example, a series of books on the Second World War started with the 1930s and ended up in 1946.

For various reasons, this does not always happen. In the movie series _Star Wars_, the first movie was _Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope_ (1977). It was followed by three prequels, which were _Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace_ (1999); _Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones_ (2002) and _Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith_ (2005).

For correct use, the term 'prequel' is only applied when work is part of a series, and when the later publication refers to an earlier time. It is an old idea, but one which is often used today for drama on movie and television. The _Cypria_, a work of Ancient Greek literature, is a prequel to Homer's _Iliad_. A related idea is the back-story, which is the background story of a main story or character.
Talking past each other

**Talking past each other** is an idiom.

The phrase describes a situation in which people communicate at cross purposes.

The idiom explains what happens when there is a mismatch.  Idioms are a common stumbling block for learners of a language.

The idiom applies to disputes in which neither side addressed any of the issues raised by the other.  In talking past each other, two different concepts which need not have been disputed are somehow confused or conflated.

In fictional dialogue, when characters talk past each other, the result is an exchange with flaws or defects.

## In common use

The phrase is used in many contexts.  For example,

- 1917 — Albert Einstein and David Hilbert had dawn-to-dusk discussions of physics; and they continued their debate in writing, although Felix Klein records that they _talked past each other_, as happens not infrequently between simultaneously producing mathematicians."(_italics_ added)
- 2009 — After U.S. President Barack Obama's 2009 speech in Cairo, PBS experts discussed the President's words:
    - According to David Brooks:  "... I liked it on the whole. You know, if you cover the Middle East, you know that there's a lot of shouting there, a lot of people _talking past each other_. Famously, every group has their own historical narrative which they emphasize while ignoring everyone else's narrative. And I thought Obama did the right thing, which was to go there and give everybody -- everybody's narratives melded into one. Now, it meant he had to squeeze history here and there, but that's fine. He melded it into one so everyone could have a common conversation." (_italics_ added)

## More reading

- Anderson, Philip Warren. "Twenty years of talking past each other: The theory of high Tc," _Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications,_ v. 460-462, iss. 0, p. 3-6.
- Fleisser, Marieluise and David Horton. (1992). _Pioniere in Ingolstadt._ Manchester, New York: Manchester University Press. ; ; OCLC 24376759
- Gutting, Gary. (1980). _Paradigms and Revolutions: Appraisals and Applications of Thomas Kuhn's Philosophy of Science._ South Bend, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. OCLC 163461098
Viveiro

**Viveiro** is a municipality in the Province of Lugo, in Galicia, Spain.

It has an area of 109.3 km² and a population of 15,291 people.

## Festivities

The calendar of Viveiro holds several festivals, both religious and not.

### Carnival

Viveiro has the oldest Carnival in Galicia. It is celebrated during the four days before Lent, from Saturday until Shrove Tuesday. It finishes on Tuesday with many floats travelling through the streets.

### Saint James' day

Viveiro celebrates the St. James' Day Battle on July 25 at the Port of Celeiro. It has marines moving through the estuary of Viveiro in a well organised and orderly way, similar to a march.

## Twinned towns

- Lannion, France
- Old Havana, Cuba
- Perth, Australia

## Other websites

- Ferrol-San Cibrao Port Authority

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Viveiro
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Spain, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Flag of Viveiro.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of Arms of Viveiro.svg
- **pushpin map**: Spain#Spain Galicia
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Autonomous communities of Spain, A. community
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Spain, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: María del Carmen Gueimunde
- **area total km2**: 109.3
- **population total**: 15,291
- **population as of**: January 1, 2021
- **population density km2**: 139.9
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 27850, 27861, 27863, 27864, 27866, 27867, 27869
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 27066
Blind men and an elephant

The **Blind men and an elephant** is an idiom.

The story of the blind men and an elephant comes from India. It is about a range of truths and mistakes.  It is also about the need for communication and the need for respect for different perspectives.

The idiom shows the effects of observation and bias. Idioms are a common stumbling block for learners of a language.

## Story

A group of blind men (or men in the dark) touch an elephant to learn what it is like. Each one feels a different part, but only one part.  For example, one touches only the side and another touches only the tusk.

The blind men discover that they disagree when each describes what he has learned from touching the elephant.

## Poem

A famous poem — "The Blind Men and the Elephant" by John Godfrey Saxe (1816–1887).

The poem begins:
> It was six men of Indostan
> To learning much inclined,
> Who went to see the Elephant
> (Though all of them were blind),
> That each by observation
> Might satisfy his mind

They conclude that the elephant is like a wall, snake, spear, tree, fan or rope, depending upon where they touch.  None of blind men's description is correct for the whole elephant.

## Related pages

- Is the glass half empty or half full?

## Other websites

- Story of the Blind Men and the Elephant  from www.spiritual-education.org
- All of Saxe's Poems including original printing of The Blindman and the Elephant
- Buddhist Version as found in _Jainism and Buddhism. Udana_ hosted by the University of Princeton
- Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi's version as translated by A.J. Arberry
- Jainist Version hosted by Jainworld
- John Godfrey Saxe's version hosted at Rice University