juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
SNK

is a well known developer of video games. They are famous for their The King of Fighters series, Fatal Fury series, Metal Slug series, Samurai Shodown series, Psycho Soldier, Art of Fighting series, and much more games. They were founded on July 22, 1978 as **Shin Nihon Kikaku** by Eikichi Kawasaki and began by developing coin-op games. In March 1988, SNK staff moved to a building in Suita, Osaka, Japan. SNK would end up declaring bankruptcy on October 30, 2001. After bankruptcy proceedings began, SNK-related rights were auctioned off, and Playmore, a former affiliate company (later SNK Playmore → second generation SNK), won the bid. Currently, the company is still announcing sequels to some of SNK's works. Three Neo Geo Land stores near Esaka Station continued to operate even after SNK went bankrupt, but all of them were closed by 2005 due to a review of SNK Playmore's operations. Most of the site has been demolished and is now used as a parking lot, but only the site (building) of the second Esaka store remains, and is occupied by tenants. SNK Playmore is headquartered in Suita City, the same city as the old company, and in 2016 changed its name to "SNK Corporation", the same as the old company.

## Message

SNK, the developer and inventor of the NeoGeo, are now out of business. On their _website_, the SNK team says goodbye and thanks all SNK fans. SNK had been supplying arcades with titles like Ikari Warriors and Prehistoric Isle since 1978, long before the NeoGeo. Today, Monday (October 29, 2001), which will probably go down in NeoGeo history as Black Monday, marks the end of the SNK era after 23 years. As a final gimmick, SNK is offering a wallpaper for download on their website, as a kind of farewell gift for fans. Since the website is a bit overwhelmed at the moment, you can also _download_ It from us and SNK's message to all its fans:
WorldCat Identities

**WorldCat** is a union catalog that lists the collections of 17,900 libraries in 123 countries and territories that participate in the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) global cooperative. It is operated by OCLC, Inc. The subscribing member libraries work together to maintain WorldCat's database. It is the world's largest bibliographic database. OCLC makes WorldCat itself available for free to libraries, but the catalog is also used for other subscription OCLC services (such as resource sharing and collection management). WorldCat is used by the general public and by librarians for cataloging and research.

## History

OCLC was founded in 1967 under the leadership of Fred Kilgour. That same year, OCLC began to develop the union catalog technology that would later evolve into WorldCat; the first catalog records were added in 1971.

In 2003, OCLC began the "Open WorldCat" pilot program, making shorter records from a some of WorldCat available to partner web sites and booksellers. OCLC did this so that subscribing member libraries' collections would become more accessible.

In October 2005, the OCLC technical staff began a wiki project called WikiD. It let readers add comments and structured-field information to any WorldCat record. WikiD was later phased out, although WorldCat later incorporated user-generated content in other ways.

In 2006, it became possible for anyone to search WorldCat directly at its open website, It had been available on the web to subscribing libraries for more than ten years already. Options for more sophisticated searches of WorldCat have remained available through the FirstSearch interface.

In 2007, WorldCat Identities began showing pages for 20 million "identities." Identities are mostly authors and people who books are about.

In May 2019, WorldCat held over 450 million bibliographic records in 484 languages. Record over 2.8 billion physical and digital library items. The WorldCat persons dataset (mined from WorldCat) included over 100 million people.

## Related pages

- Copac
- Open Library
- Research Libraries UK

## Further reading

- See also:  Information about licensing of WorldCat records and some other OCLC data.

## Other websites

- Information on the OCLC website about WorldCat.
Hydrogen cyanide

**Hydrogen cyanide** is a chemical compound which is a cyanide. Its chemical formula is HCN. Like most other cyanides, it is very toxic. It is also called **prussic acid**.
Video game crash of 1977

The **video game crash of 1977** (also known as the **1977 video game crash** or the **forgotten video game crash**) is arguably the first time the video game industry "crashed". This event is mostly attributed to _Pong_-clone home video game consoles, and such. Many video game companies went broke in this crash because they had to make their game consoles cheaper due to the high number of concurrent products. It was followed by the video game crash of 1983.
Omero Antonutti

**Omero Antonutti** (3 August 1935 – 5 November 2019) was an Italian actor. His best known roles were in _Padre Padrone_, _El Sur_, and Carlos Saura in _El Dorado_. He also played Noah in _Genesis: The Creation and the Flood_.

Antonutti died in Udine on 5 November 2019, at the age of 84, from cancer-related problems.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Omero Antonutti
- **image**: Omero Antonutti 1994.jpg
- **caption**: Antonutti in 1994
- **birth place**: Basiliano, Italy
- **death place**: Udine, Italy
- **occupation**: Actor, voice actor
- **years active**: 1966–2019
Ernest J. Gaines

**Ernest James Gaines** (January 15, 1933 – November 5, 2019) was an American writer. He was born in Pointe Coupee, Louisiana. His best known works were _A Lesson Before Dying_, _The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman_ and _A Gathering of Old Men_. He won the won the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction. He was added into the _Ordre des Arts et des Lettres_ (Order of Arts and Letters) as a Chevalier.

Gaines died on November 5, 2019 in Oscar, Louisiana of natural causes at the age of 86.

## Other websites

- The Ernest J. Gaines Center at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette
- Teaching Materials for Works by Ernest J. Gaines
- Samples of Gaines' writing
- Interview with Gaines
- Article about Gaines: "Going Home"
Leo Ryan

**Leo Joseph Ryan Jr.** (May 5, 1925 – November 18, 1978) was an American teacher and politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was the U.S. Representative from California's 11th congressional district from 1973 until his assassination as one of the victims of the Jonestown massacre in 1978.

## Death

On November 18, 1978, Ryan was shot to death by members of Peoples Temple in the Cessna aircraft during Jonestown ambush. He was 53 years old.

## Other websites

- JoinCalifornia, Election History for the State of California
- Congressman Leo J Ryan Memorial Page, hosted by Arnaldo Lerma
- Leo J Ryan Memorial park in Foster City, California

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Leo Ryan
- **image**: Leo Ryan.jpgborder
- **caption**: Ryan  1977–1978
- **alt**: Leo Ryan
- **state**: California
- **district**: California's 11th congressional district, 11th
- **term start**: January 3, 1973
- **term end**: November 18, 1978
- **predecessor**: Pete McCloskey
- **successor**: William Royer
- **state assembly2**: California
- **district2**: California's 27th State Assembly district, 27th
- **term start2**: 1962
- **term end2**: 1972
- **predecessor2**: Glenn E. Coolidge
- **successor2**: Lou Papan
- **office3**: Mayor of South San Francisco, California
- **birth name**: Leo Joseph Ryan Jr.
- **birth place**: Lincoln, Nebraska, US
- **death place**: Port Kaituma, Guyana
- **resting place**: Golden Gate National Cemetery, San Bruno, California
- **death cause**: Gunshot wounds
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 5
- **occupation**: Politician
- **branch**: United States Navy
- **serviceyears**: 1943–1946
- **alma mater**: Bates College (V-12 Navy College Training Program, V-12)
Creighton University (Bachelor of Arts, B.A.)(Master of Science, M.S.)
William M. Branham

**William Marrion Branham** (April 6, 1909 – December 24, 1965) was an American Christian minister and faith healer. He left a lasting impact on televangelism and the modern Charismatic movement. He was seen as the "principal architect of restorationist thought" for Charismatics by some Christian historians.

Branham was killed in a car crash on Christmas Eve 1965 at the age of 56.

## Infobox (clergy)

- **honorific prefix**: The Reverend
- **name**: William M. Branham
- **birth name**: William Marrion Branham
- **birth place**: Cumberland County, Kentucky, US
- **death place**: Amarillo, Texas, US
- **death cause**: Car crash
- **occupation**: Evangelism, Evangelist
- **religion**: Christianity
* Baptist (1929–1946)
* Pentecostalism, Pentecostal (1946–1960)
* Nondenominational Christianity, Nondenominational (1960–1965)
Cumberland County, Kentucky

**Cumberland County** is a county located in the Pennyroyal Plateau region of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,888. Its county seat is Burkesville.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Cumberland County
- **state**: Kentucky
- **founded year**: 1798
- **seat wl**: Burkesville
- **largest city wl**: Burkesville
- **area total sq mi**: 311
- **area land sq mi**: 305
- **area water sq mi**: 5.7
- **area percentage**: 1.8%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 5888
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: www.cumberlandcounty.com
- **named for**: Cumberland River
- **ex image**: Cumberland County Kentucky courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Cumberland County courthouse in Burkesville
- **district**: 1st
Junius Ho

**Junius Kwan-yiu Ho **(born 4 June 1962) is a Hong Kong lawyer and politician. He is a former president of the Law Society of Hong Kong and chairman of the Tuen Mun Rural Committee. He was an elected member of the Tuen Mun District Council since 2015.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Junius Ho Kwan-yiu
- **image**: File:JuniusHo20180425 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, Legislative Council
- **constituency**: New Territories West (constituency), New Territories West
- **term start**: 1 October 2016
- **predecessor**: Albert Chan
- **office2**: Member of the Tuen Mun District Council
- **term start2**: 1 January 2016
- **predecessor2**: Albert Ho
- **constituency2**: Lok Tsui (constituency), Lok Tsui
- **birth place**: Tuen Mun, British Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- **nationality**: Hong Kong Chinese
- **residence**: Ngau Tam Mei, New Territories
- **alma mater**: Queen's College, Hong Kong
- **occupation**: Solicitor
politician
- **spouse**: Cecilia Chan
- **children**: 3
Baburam Bhattarai

**Baburam Bhattarai** (born 18 June 1954) is a Nepalese politician. He was the Prime Minister of Nepal. He has a PhD in rural development from Jawaharlal University Delhi in 1986.
Pridi Banomyong

**Pridi Banomyong** (, , ; 11 May 1900 – 2 May 1983), also known by his noble title **Luang Praditmanutham** () was a Thai politician and professor. As a Thai Regent, prime minister and senior statesman of Thailand, he also held multiple ministerial posts. He was a leader of the civilian wing of Khana Ratsadon, founder of University of Moral and Political Sciences and the Bank of Thailand.
CITES

**CITES** (short for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also called the Washington Convention) is an agreement between many countries to protect endangered plants and animals from the dangers of international trade. It was created after a decision made in 1963 at a meeting of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

The main goal of CITES is to make sure that trading animals and plants between countries does not put their survival in danger. CITES bans people from buying and selling certain animals that are listed in the rules, and requires a permit for buying and selling certain other kinds of animals.

Countries started signing it on 3 March 1973. CITES started to have effect for the countries that originally agreed to it on 1 July 1975.  Because it is an agreement between countries, it did not take effect in a country until that country agreed to it.  Different countries agreed to it at different times. Up to 2025, 185 countries have ratified this Convention.

CITES helps protect over 38,000 species of animals and plants, giving them different levels of protection.

As of April 2022, the Secretary-General of CITES is Ivonne Higuero.

## Related pages

- Wildlife
Mirjapur

**Mirjapur** is a Village Development Committee (VDC) in the Narayani Zone of Southern Nepal. Now, Mirjapur is a ward of Chhipaharmai Gaupalika. At the time of 2011 Nepal census, it had a population of 4,229 people living.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mirjapur
- **native name**: मिर्जापुर
- **settlement type**: Village development committee (Nepal), Village Development Committee
- **mapsize**: 300px
- **map caption**: Map of the village development committees in Parsa District
- **pushpin map**: Nepal
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Nepal
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Zones of Nepal, Zone
- **subdivision name1**: Narayani Zone
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Nepal, District
- **subdivision name2**: Parsa District
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 4,229
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **timezone**: Nepal Time
- **utc offset**: +5:45
Lower Mainland

The **Lower Mainland** (LM) is the name for the area that includes Vancouver and the surrounding cities within the Metro Vancouver Regional District and the Fraser Valley Regional District.

## List of cities and towns in the Lower Mainland

- West Vancouver
- North Vancouver (city)
- Vancouver
- Richmond
- Delta
- White Rock
- Burnaby
- Coquitlam
- Pitt Meadows
- Maple Ridge
- Surrey
- Langley (city)
- Mission
- Abbotsford
- Chilliwack
- Agassiz
- Hope
Fraser Valley

The **Fraser Valley** is a regional district in British Columbia, Canada. It was created in 1995 by combining three regional districts named Fraser-Cheam, Dewdney-Alouette and Central Fraser Valley.

The regional district includes 6 municipalities and 8 electoral areas. The district covers 13,361.74 square kilometres (5,159 square miles).
50 Central

***50 Central*** is an American sketch comedy television series hosted by 50 Cent. The series premiered on BET on September 27, 2017.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Comedy
- **presenter**: 50 Cent
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 1
- **num episodes**: 12
- **executive producer**: 50 Cent
Stephen J. Savva
Colby Gaines
Michael A. Blum
Ian Gelfand
Riley Robbins
- **producer**: Hasmik Torosyan
Michael Twigg
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **company**: G-Unit Films and Television Inc.
Back Roads Entertainment
- **channel**: BET
Rob Moran

**Rob Moran**, is an actor and producer. Moran has appeared in over 60 films. He has produced a few of them.

## Personal life

In 1982, Moran graduated from Emerson College. In 1985, Rob and actress Julie Bryan began dating. They met on a Ford automotive commercial. They were married in 1987. In 1999, their daughter Maiya Dupree was born. In 2004, their second daughter Makayla-Amet was born.

## Filmography

|Year|Film|Part|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Pre-Production|Touch the Fire|Allanson's Dad|
|2019|The Legend of 5 Mile Cave|William Davis|
|2018|Run the Race|Mac|
|2018|American Dresser|Brian (also Executive Producer)|
|2018|Lez Bomb|Ken (also Producer)|
|2017|Sex.Sound.Silence|Mike Diesel|
|2016|Long Nights Short Mornings|(Executive Producer)|
|2014|Blended|Baseball Dad|
|2014|Heaven Is For Real|Dr. O'Holleran|
|2013|Star Trek Into Darkness|U.S.S. Vengeance Ensign|
|2013|The B.S. Club|Peter|
|2012|Just an American|A.J.|
|2011|You're Next|Paul|
|2011|Hall Pass|Ed Long|
|2009|The Things We Carry|Steven|
|2009|The Outside|Tim Evans|
|2009|2:13|Russell's Father|
|2008|Proud American|A.J.|
|2008|Meet Dave|ER Doctor|
|2007|National Lampoon's Bag Boy|Ralph Riley (and Producer)|
|2006|Peaceful Warrior|Dan Millman Sr.|
|2004|The Almost Guys|Team Rep|
|2001|Shallow Hal|2nd Hostess Tiffany|
|2000|Me, Myself & Irene|Trooper Finneran|
|1999|Late Last Night|(Director)|
|1998|Beach Movie|Reporter Brett Bronson|
|1997|Fallen Arches|Company Rep|
|1996|Kingpin|Stanley Osmanski|
|1994|Dumb & Dumber|Bartender|
|1994|The Cowboy Way|Bartender|
|1991|Ted & Venus|Patient|
|1991|Wedlock|Security Guard|
|1990|Navy SEALs (film)|U.S. Navy Co-Pilot|
|1989|the Runnin' Kind|Jerk in Jeep|
|1986|Quiet Cool|Briggs|

## Television

|Year|Show|Part|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2019|Wedding at Graceland|Tyler|
|2014|Rake (American TV Series)|Slater|
|2012|Hatfields & McCoys (miniseries)|John B. Floyd|
|2009|United States of Tara|Pastor Hitch Maurio|
|2009|Men of a Certain Age||
|2008|According to Jim||
|2008|South of Nowhere|Arthur Carlin|
|2008|3Way|Brick Schtouse|
|2007|Fetch|Husband|
|2006|NUMB3RS|Jon Northrup|
|2005|Without a Trace|Scott Mohr|
|2005|CSI: Miami|Walter Rockingham|
|2004|Cold Case|Max Tanning|
|2003|The West Wing|Art Hughes|
|2003|Knee High P.I.|Policeman|
|2002-2003|Days of Our Lives|Mayor Arthur Shepard|
|2001|It's Like, You Know...|Slick Guy|
|2001|JAG (TV series)|Cyrus Fortney|
|2000|The Man Who Ate a Car|Michael Walter|
|1999|JAG (TV series)|Cop|
|1990|Designing Women||
|1990|FM|Drew|
|1990|Matlock|Assistant D.A. John|
|1989|Cheers|Dennis|
|1989|Tour of Duty|Aide|
|1988|Police Story: The Watch Commander|Chuck Stone|

## Infobox (person)

- **imagesize**: 150px
- **birth name**: Roberto Morán Martínez
- **name**: Rob Moran
- **birth date**: May 12, 1963
- **birth place**: San Luis Potosí City, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- **alma mater**: Emerson College
- **occupation**: Actor, Producer
- **years active**: 1986–present
- **spouse**: Julie Moran (m. 1987)
- **children**: 2
Micro hydro

A **micro-hydro** power (MHP) plant is a type of hydroelectric power scheme that makes electricity using a flowing stream or a water flow. Micro-hydro systems are mostly used in developing countries to give electricity to isolated communities or rural villages where there is no electricity grid connected. Feeding back into the national grid when electricity production is in surplus is also evident in some cases. The design of a micro-hydro plan can be addressed for each household or for each village often involving nearby materials and labor.
Lev Anninsky

**Lev Alexandrovich Anninsky** (, 7 April 1934 – 6 November 2019) was a Soviet and Russian literary critic, historian, publicist, essayist and author of more than 30 books.

The 1970s saw the publication of several books by Anninsky, among them _Betrothed to the Idea_ (on Nikolai Ostrovsky’s _How the Steel Was Tempered_, 1971) and _Vasily Shukshin_ (1976). Anninsky's books of the 1980s included _The Leo Hunters (Lev Tolstoy in cinema)_, 1980, 1989; _Leskovian Necklace_ (1982, 1885), _Contacts_ (1982), _Branches Full of Sunlight_ (a study on Lithuanian photography, 1984), _Nikolai Gubenko_ (1986) and _The Three Heretics_ (1988).

Anninsky died on 6 November 2019 in Moscow at the age of 85.

## Other websites

- Опыт автобиографии, при попутном выяснении базовых ценностей

## Infobox (writer)

- **image**: Lev Anninsky3.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Lev Anninsky in 2010
- **birth name**: Lev Alexandrovich Anninsky
- **birth place**: Rostov-on-Don, USSR
- **death place**: Moscow, Russia
Edward Nixon

**Edward Calvert Nixon** (May 3, 1930 – February 27, 2019) was an American entrepreneur. He was the youngest brother of  United States President Richard Nixon. He co-authored his memoir, _The Nixons: A Family Portrait_, with Karen L. Olson. The book was published in 2009. He was born in Whittier, California. From 1971 until his death, Nixon was the president of Nixon World Enterprises, Inc., an international consulting service based in Washington state.

Nixon also taught as an assistant professor of naval science at the University of Washington. He was the last surviving member of the five Nixon brothers.

Nixon died on February 27, 2019 at the age of 88, at a nursing facility, in Bothell, Washington.

## Other websites

- Nixon Fun Facts via Nixon Foundation
Bothell, Washington

**Bothell** () is a city in King and Snohomish counties in the U.S. state of Washington. It is part of the Seattle metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 48,161.
Knives Out

***Knives Out*** is a 2019 American black comedy mystery movie written, produced and directed by Rian Johnson. The movie is about a rich family gathering gone horribly wrong, after the family patriarch's death leads a master detective to investigate.

The movie stars Daniel Craig, Chris Evans, Ana de Armas, Jamie Lee Curtis, Michael Shannon, Don Johnson, Toni Collette, Lakeith Stanfield, Katherine Langford, Jaeden Martell, M. Emmet Walsh, K Callan, Frank Oz and Christopher Plummer.

The movie had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2019 and is scheduled to be theatrically released in the United States on November 27, 2019, by Lionsgate.

The movie has strong positive reviews with Rotten Tomatoes holding an approval rating of 98% based on 100 reviews. A sequel will be released in 2022 on Netflix.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Knives Out
- **border**: no
- **director**: Rian Johnson
- **writer**: Rian Johnson
- **music**: Nathan Johnson (musician), Nathan Johnson
- **cinematography**: Steve Yedlin
- **editing**: Bob Ducsay
- **distributor**: Lionsgate Films, Lionsgate
- **runtime**: 130 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $40 million
Ana de Armas

**Ana Celia de Armas Caso** (born 30 April 1988) is a Cuban-American-Spanish actress.

In 2015, she starred in her first American movie, _Knock Knock_, followed by _Exposed_, _Hands of Stone_, and _War Dogs_.  In 2017, she had her breakout role as AI hologram Joi in the critically acclaimed science fiction movie _Blade Runner 2049_.

She then played Bond girl Paloma in the James Bond movie _No Time to Die_ (2021) and actress Marilyn Monroe in the biographical drama _Blonde_ (2022), for which she became the first Cuban nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress.

De Armas holds triple Cuban, Spanish and American citizenship. She moved to Los Angeles at 26, and lives in Vermont as of 2023.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Ana de Armas (54462814884) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: De Armas in 2025
- **birth name**: Ana Celia de Armas Caso
- **birth place**: Santa Cruz del Norte, Cuba
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2006–present
- **nationality**: Cuba, Cuban–United States, American–Spain, Spanish
MonoDevelop

**MonoDevelop** is an **Integrated Development Environment** (IDE) developed by Unity technologies for **c# programming.**

## Infobox (programming language)

- **title**: MonoDevelop
- **designer**: Unity technologies
- **developer**: Unity technologies
- **platform**: pc
- **file ext**: .exe
Katherine Langford

**Katherine Langford** (born 29 April 1996) is an Australian actress. She is known for her role as Hannah Baker in the first two seasons of the Netflix teen drama series _13 Reasons Why_ (2017–2018). She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama. Langford has also taken on supporting roles in the movies _Love, Simon_ (2018) and _Knives Out_ (2019).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Katherine Langford
- **image**: Katherine Langford in 2018.jpg
- **caption**: Langford in 2018
- **birth name**: Katherine Langford
- **birth place**: Perth, Western Australia
- **occupation**: Actress
- **relatives**: Josephine Langford (sister)
- **years active**: 2015–present
Lakeith Stanfield

**Lakeith Lee Stanfield** (born August 12, 1991), sometimes credited as **Keith Stanfield**, is an American actor, poet and rapper.

He is known for his role as Jimmie Lee Jackson in _Selma_ (2014), Snoop Dogg in _Straight Outta Compton_ (2015), and Patrick Haynes in _Snowden_ (2016).

Since 2016, he has starred as Darius Epps in the FX comedy-drama series _Atlanta_.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Keith Stanfield by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Stanfield at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con
- **name**: Lakeith Stanfield
- **birth name**: Lakeith Lee Stanfield
- **birth place**: San Bernardino, California, U.S.
- **partner**: Xosha Roquemore (2015–present)
- **children**: 1
- **other names**: Keith Stanfield
- **years active**: 2008–present
Redlining

In the United States and Canada, **redlining** is the process of denying services to residents of specific neighborhoods or communities, usually neighborhoods with non-White people, either directly or by raising prices. It is often seen as a modern day version of segregation.

The best known examples of redlining have involved denial of financial services such as banking or insurance. In the United States in the middle of the twentieth century, banks considered it risky to give mortgages to people in neighborhoods where most people were in ethnic minority groups, so they made them pay more money or refused to give them mortgages at all. As a result, ethnic minorities accumulated less wealth than White people. Redlining has also occurred in when other services such as health care (see also Race and health) or even supermarkets have been denied to residents.
K Callan

**K Callan** (born **Katherine Elizabeth Borman**; January 9, 1936) is an American author and actress. She is best known for playing Clark Kent's mother Martha in the ABC television series _Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: K Callan
- **birth name**: Katherine Elizabeth Borman
- **birth place**: Dallas, Texas, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, author
- **years active**: 1956-present
- **children**: 3
- **website**: [http://www.kcallan.com  Official website]
Lindsay Hoyle

**Sir Lindsay Harvey Hoyle** (born 10 June 1957) is a British politician. He has been the 35th Speaker of the House of Commons since 2019. He has been a Member of Parliament (MP) for Chorley since 1997. He was a Labour Party MP. However, he was elected as speaker so he has been independent from 2019.

As a Labour MP, Hoyle was the 41st First Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons to John Bercow from 2010 to 2019, before being elected as Speaker on 4 November 2019. In February 2024 a controversial decision by Hoyle, during the SNP debate on the conflict in Gaza, led to the tabling of an early day motion (EDM) of no confidence against him. The motion was ultimately defeated.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable Sir
- **name**: Lindsay Hoyle
- **image**: Official portrait of Rt Hon Sir Lindsay Hoyle MP crop 2, 2024.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **office**: 158th Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom), Speaker of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
- **term start**: 4 November 2019
- **predecessor**: John Bercow
- **office1**: 41st Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom), First Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons
Chairman of Ways and Means
- **1blankname1**: Speaker
- **1namedata1**: John Bercow
- **term start1**: 8 June 2010
- **term end1**: 4 November 2019
- **predecessor1**: Alan Haselhurst
- **successor1**: Eleanor Laing
- **office2**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament
for Chorley (UK Parliament constituency), Chorley
- **term start2**: 1997 United Kingdom general election, 1 May 1997
- **predecessor2**: Den Dover
- **office3**: Borough of Chorley, Chorley Borough Councillor#United Kingdom, Councillor for Adlington, Lancashire, Adlington
- **term start3**: 1 May 1980
- **term end3**: 7 May 1998
- **predecessor3**: A. Moss
- **successor3**: Catherine Hoyle
- **birth place**: Adlington, Lancashire, England
- **party**: Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom), Speaker (since 2019)
- **otherparty**: Labour Party (UK), Labour (before 2019)
- **parents**: Doug Hoyle (Father)
- **children**: 2
- **occupation**: Politician
- **profession**: Businessman
Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)

The **Speaker of the House of Commons** directs the House of Commons, the lower house and primary chamber of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The current Speaker, Sir Lindsay Hoyle was elected Speaker on 4 November 2019, following the resignation of John Bercow.

Unlike many other speakers of parliaments, such as the Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, the Speaker of the House of Commons is not a member of a political party; if the Speaker was a member of a political party before becoming Speaker, then he or she must leave that party first.

## Living former Speakers

There is one living former Speaker:

## Current speaker and deputy speakers

|Position|colspan=3|Current Holder|Term Started|width=100|Political Party|Constituency|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Speaker of the House of Commons|||||||
|Lindsay Hoyle||4 November 2019|Independent (formerly Labour)|Chorley|||
|Chairman of Ways and Means|||||||
|Nusrat Ghani||23 July 2024|Conservative|Sussex Weald|||
|First Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means|||||||
|Rosie Winterton||7 January 2020|Labour|Doncaster Central|||
|Second Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means|||||||
|Nigel Evans||8 January 2020|Conservative|Ribble Valley|||

## Other websites

- The Speaker of the House of Commons (from parliament.uk)
- Parliament (from direct.gov.uk)

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Speaker
- **body**: the House of Commons
- **insignia**: House of Commons of the United Kingdom.svg
- **insigniasize**: 240
- **image**: Official portrait of Rt Hon Sir Lindsay Hoyle MP, 2024.jpg
- **incumbent**: Lindsay Hoyle, Sir Lindsay Hoyle
- **incumbentsince**: 4 November 2019
- **department**: House of Commons of the United Kingdom
- **style**: Mr Speaker

The Right Honourable

- **status**: Speaker (politics), Presiding and chief administrative officer
- **member of**: House of Commons Commission
Privy Council of the United Kingdom, Privy Council
Boundary commissions (United Kingdom), Boundary Commissions
Speaker's Committee for the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority, SCIPSA
Speaker's Committee on the Electoral Commission, SCEC
- **residence**: Palace of Westminster, Speaker's House, Palace of Westminster
- **seat**: Westminster
- **salary**: Entitled to £156,676 annually
(including £79,468 MP's salary)
- **nominator**: No fewer than Member of parliament, 12 MPs, at least 3 of which must be from different List of political parties in the United Kingdom, political parties
- **appointer**: The House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons
- **appointer qualified**: approved and sworn in by the Monarch of the United Kingdom, Monarch
- **termlength**: At His Majesty's pleasure
- **deputy**: Chairman of Ways and Means
- **formation**: 1377
- **first**: Thomas Hungerford (Speaker), Thomas Hungerford (first recorded holder, though role existed before)
S. I. Hayakawa

**Samuel Ichiye Hayakawa** (July 18, 1906 – February 27, 1992) was a Canadian-born American academic and politician. He was of Japanese ancestry. He was a professor of English. He was the president of San Francisco State University, and then as U.S. Senator from California from 1977 to 1983.

## Other websites

- Samuel I. Hayakawa papers at the Hoover Institution Archives
- Australian General Semantics Society

## Infobox (academic)

- **child**: yes
- **thesis title**: Oliver Wendell Holmes: Physician, poet, essayist
- **thesis url**: https://www.proquest.com/docview/301811415/
- **thesis year**: 1935
- **discipline**: English
- **sub discipline**: Linguistics
Semantics
- **workplaces**: University of Wisconsin–Madison, University of Wisconsin, Madison
Armour Institute of Technology
University of Chicago
San Francisco State College
- **notable works**: _Language in Thought and Action_


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: S. I. Hayakawa
- **image**: SIHayakawa.jpg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: California
- **term start**: January 2, 1977
- **term end**: January 3, 1983
- **predecessor**: John V. Tunney
- **successor**: Pete Wilson
- **office1**: 9th President of San Francisco State University
- **term start1**: November 26, 1968
- **term end1**: July 10, 1973
- **predecessor1**: Robert Smith
- **successor1**: Paul Romberg
- **birth name**: Samuel Ichiye Hayakawa
- **birth place**: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- **death place**: Greenbrae, California, Greenbrae, California, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (before 1973)
Republican Party (United States), Republican (1973–1992)
- **spouse**: Margedant Peters
- **death cause**: Bronchitis caused by Alzheimer's disease
- **children**: 3
- **education**: University of Manitoba (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
McGill University (Master of Arts, MA)
University of Wisconsin–Madison, University of Wisconsin, Madison (Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
Joe Ricketts

**John Joseph Ricketts** (born July 16, 1941) is an American businessman and philanthropist. He is the founder, former CEO and former chairman of TD Ameritrade. He had a net worth of US$2.7 billion as of 2019 according to _Forbes_. Ricketts also engages in philanthropy through The Ricketts Art Foundation, Opportunity Education Foundation, The Cloisters on the Platte Foundation, and The Ricketts Conservation Foundation.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joe Ricketts
- **image**: Joe_Ricketts.jpg
- **caption**: Ricketts in 2018
- **birth name**: John Joseph Ricketts
- **birth place**: Nebraska City, Nebraska, Nebraska City, Nebraska, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **alma mater**: Creighton University
- **occupation**: Businessman
MLB owner/executive
- **known for**: founding TD Ameritrade
- **net worth**: US$2.7 billion (2019)
- **title**: Owner - Chicago Cubs
- **party**: GOP, Republican
- **awards**: 2016 World Series champion
- **children**: Pete Ricketts, Thomas S. Ricketts, Tom Ricketts, Laura Ricketts, Todd Ricketts
Wadden Sea

The **Wadden Sea** is a part of the North Sea. It is an intertidal zone, up to  wide. It runs from the Netherlands to the South of Denmark. It is up to  of coastline. The land that appears at low tide is called mudflat in English (and Watt in German). It is at the origin of the latter name.
Mike Castle

**Michael Newbold Castle** (July 2, 1939 – August 14, 2025) was an American attorney and politician. He was the Governor of Delaware (1985–92) and the U.S. Representative for  (1993–2011). He is a member of the Republican Party.

He unsuccessfully ran for the United States Senate for the 2010 special election.

Castle died at a retirement home in Greenville, Delaware from a long-illness on August 14, 2025, at the age of 86.

## Other websites

- Delaware's Governors
- Profile at SourceWatch
- News Meat

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mike Castle
- **image**: Mike Castle official portrait.jpg
- **state**: Delaware
- **term start**: January 3, 1993
- **term end**: January 3, 2011
- **predecessor**: Tom Carper
- **successor**: John Carney
- **order1**: 69th List of governors of Delaware, Governor of Delaware
- **lieutenant1**: Shien Biau Woo
Dale E. Wolf
- **term start1**: January 15, 1985
- **term end1**: December 31, 1992
- **predecessor1**: Pete du Pont
- **successor1**: Dale E. Wolf
- **office2**: 20th Lieutenant Governor of Delaware
- **governor2**: Pete du Pont
- **term start2**: January 20, 1981
- **term end2**: January 15, 1985
- **predecessor2**: James D. McGinnis
- **successor2**: Shien Biau Woo
- **birth name**: Michael Newbold Castle
- **birth place**: Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.
- **death place**: Greenville, Delaware, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Jane DiSabatino
- **education**: Hamilton College (New York), Hamilton College (Bachelor of Science, BS)
Georgetown University (Bachelor of Laws, LLB)
Roy Barnes

**Roy Eugene Barnes** (born March 11, 1948) is an American attorney and politician. He was the 80th Governor of Georgia from 1999 to 2003.

## Other websites

- Roy Barnes for Governor  _official campaign site_
- Barnes Law Group
- Roy Barnes  at the New Georgia Encyclopedia
- Lawmakers Flashbacks  at Georgia Public Broadcasting
- Profile in Courage Award  from the John F. Kennedy Library
- Commission on No Child Left Behind  at the Aspen Institute

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Roy Barnes
- **image**: Governor Roy Barnes.jpg
- **order**: 80th List of governors of Georgia, Governor of Georgia
- **lieutenant**: Mark Taylor (American politician), Mark Taylor
- **term start**: January 11, 1999
- **term end**: January 13, 2003
- **predecessor**: Zell Miller
- **successor**: Sonny Perdue
- **state house1**: Georgia
- **district1**: 33rd
- **term start1**: November 3, 1992
- **term end1**: November 3, 1998
- **predecessor1**: Constituency established
- **successor1**: Don Wix
- **state senate2**: Georgia
- **district2**: 33rd
- **term start2**: November 5, 1974
- **term end2**: November 6, 1990
- **predecessor2**: Jack Henderson
- **successor2**: Steve Thompson (Georgia politician), Steve Thompson
- **birth name**: Roy Eugene Barnes
- **birth place**: Mableton, Georgia, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: University of Georgia
- **unit**: Reserves
Mableton, Georgia

**Mableton** is a city in Cobb County, Georgia, United States. It became a city in 2023. As of the 2020 census, 40,834 people lived in the area.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Mableton, Georgia
- **founder**: Robert Mable
- **settlement type**: City
- **image caption**: From top to bottom, left to right: a residential street in Mableton, Robert Mable's home built in 1843, the Mableton Post Office, the Atlanta skyline from Mt. Harmony Memorial Gardens in Mableton
- **imagesize**: 305px
- **image map**: Cobb_County_Georgia_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Mableton_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Location in Cobb County, Georgia, Cobb County and the state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **pushpin label**: Mableton
- **pushpin map**: Metro Atlanta
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the Metro Atlanta, Atlanta Metropolitan Area
- **pushpin mapsize**: 200
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state), County
- **subdivision name2**: Cobb County, Georgia, Cobb
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: September 11, 1843
- **established title2**: Incorporated (town)
- **established date2**: August 19, 1912
- **established title3**: Disincorporated
- **established date3**: August 17, 1916
- **established title4**: Incorporated (city)
- **established date4**: May 11, 2023
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 53.1
- **area land km2**: 52.9
- **area water km2**: 0.2
- **area total sq mi**: 20.5
- **area land sq mi**: 20.4
- **area water sq mi**: 0.1
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 40,834
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 298
- **elevation ft**: 978
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 30126
- **area code**: Area code 770, 770/Area code 678, 678/Area code 404, 404
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 13-48288
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0332295
Governor of Maine

The **Governor of Maine** is the chief executive of the State of Maine.

The current Governor of Maine is Janet Mills, a Democrat, who took office January 2, 2019.

The governor of Maine receives a salary of $70,000, which  is the lowest by $20,000 of the 50 state governors.

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Governor
- **body**: Maine
- **insignia**: Seal of the Governor of Maine.svg
- **insigniasize**: 110px
- **insigniacaption**: Seal of the Governor
- **image**: Janet Mills in 2019.jpg
- **incumbent**: Janet Mills
- **residence**: The Blaine House
- **style**: The Honorable
- **incumbentsince**: January 2, 2019
- **preceded by**: Paul LePage
- **termlength**: 4 years, renewable once consecutively
- **salary**: $70,000
- **formation**: March 15, 1820
- **inaugural**: William King (governor), William King
John Baldacci

**John Elias Baldacci** (born January 30, 1955) is an American politician. He was the 73rd Governor of Maine from 2003 to 2011. He was a Democrat, he also was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2003.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Baldacci
- **image**: Governor John E. Baldacci at Kibby Mountain in Western Maine.jpg
- **image size**: 215px
- **office**: 73rd Governor of Maine
- **term start**: January 8, 2003
- **term end**: January 5, 2011
- **predecessor**: Angus King
- **successor**: Paul LePage
- **state1**: Maine
- **term start1**: January 3, 1995
- **term end1**: January 3, 2003
- **predecessor1**: Olympia Snowe
- **successor1**: Mike Michaud
- **state senate2**: Maine
- **district2**: 9th
- **term start2**: December 1982
- **term end2**: December 1994
- **predecessor2**: Position Created
- **successor2**: Sean Faircloth
- **birth name**: John Elias Baldacci
- **birth place**: Bangor, Maine, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Karen Baldacci
- **children**: 1
- **education**: University of Maine (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **signature**: John Baldacci signature.svg
Ronnie Musgrove

**David Ronald "Ronnie" Musgrove** (born July 29, 1956) is an American lawyer and politician. He was the 29th Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi from January 16, 1996 to January 11, 2000 and as the 62nd Governor of Mississippi from January 11, 2000 to January 13, 2004.

He was defeated by incumbent Senator Roger Wicker in a 2008 special election for one of Mississippi's seats in the U.S. Senate.

In 2014, he became founding partner of a new law firm in Jackson, Mississippi, Musgrove/Smith Law.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ronnie Musgrove
- **image**: David Ronald Musgrove.jpg
- **order**: 62nd List of governors of Mississippi, Governor of Mississippi
- **lieutenant**: Amy Tuck
- **term start**: January 11, 2000
- **term end**: January 13, 2004
- **predecessor**: Kirk Fordice
- **successor**: Haley Barbour
- **office1**: 29th Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi
- **governor1**: Kirk Fordice
- **term start1**: January 16, 1996
- **term end1**: January 11, 2000
- **predecessor1**: Eddie Briggs
- **successor1**: Amy Tuck
- **birth name**: David Ronald Musgrove
- **birth place**: Tocowa, Mississippi, Tocowa, Mississippi, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Melanie Ballard
Melody Bounds
- **children**: 4
- **education**: Northwest Mississippi Community College
University of Mississippi, University of Mississippi,
Oxford
Tocowa, Mississippi

**Tocowa** is a Ghost town located just outside Batesville in Panola County, Mississippi, United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Tocowa, Mississippi
- **native name**: Ptocowa
- **settlement type**: Ghost town
- **other name**: Tocowa Springs
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **image map**: Map of Mississippi highlighting Panola County.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Panola County, Mississippi, Panola County in Mississippi
- **image map1**: Map of USA MS.svg
- **map caption1**: Location of Mississippi in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Mississippi, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Mississippi
- **subdivision name2**: Panola County, Mississippi, Panola
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1865
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **elevation ft**: 236
- **elevation m**: 71.9
Kirk Fordice

**Daniel Kirkwood "Kirk" Fordice Jr.** (February 10, 1934 – September 7, 2004), was an American politician and businessman. He was the 61st Governor of Mississippi from 1992 to 2000. He was the first Republican governor of the state since Reconstruction-era and the first governor elected to two consecutive four-year terms. Fordice was a staunch conservative.

## Infobox (governor)

- **name**: Kirk Fordice
- **image**: File:KirkFordice.jpg
- **order**: 61st
- **office**: Governor of Mississippi
- **term start**: January 14, 1992
- **term end**: January 11, 2000
- **lieutenant**: Eddie Briggs
Ronnie Musgrove
- **predecessor**: Ray Mabus
- **successor**: Ronnie Musgrove
- **birth name**: Daniel Kirkwood Fordice Jr.
- **birth place**: Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
- **death place**: Jackson, Mississippi, U.S.
- **death cause**: Leukemia
- **resting place**: Parkway Memorial Cemetery, Ridgeland, Mississippi
- **profession**: Businessman
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **branch**: United States Army Reserve, Army Reserve
- **serviceyears**: 1957–1959; 1959–1977
- **battles**: Vietnam War
*U.S. 1st Infantry Division, 1st Infantry Division
- **rank**: Colonel
- **children**: 4
David Cargo

**David Francis Cargo** (January 13, 1929 – July 5, 2013) was the 22nd governor of New Mexico, between 1967 and 1971.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: David Cargo
- **image**: David F. Cargo 2006.jpg
- **order1**: 22nd
- **office1**: Governor of New Mexico
- **lieutenant1**: Lee Francis
- **term start1**: January 1, 1967
- **term end1**: January 1, 1971
- **predecessor1**: Jack M. Campbell
- **successor1**: Bruce King
- **office2**: Member of the New Mexico House of Representatives
- **term start2**: January 1, 1963
- **term end2**: January 1, 1967
- **birthname**: David Francis Cargo
- **birth place**: Dowagiac, Michigan, U.S.
- **death place**: Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.
- **death cause**: Stroke-related problems
- **resting place**: Santa Fe National Cemetery
 Santa Fe, New Mexico
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Ida Jo Cargo
- **alma mater**: University of Michigan Law School
- **serviceyears**: 1953-1955
Bruce King

**Bruce King** (April 6, 1924 – November 13, 2009) was an American businessman and politician. He was a three non-consecutive four-year terms as the Governor of New Mexico. King was a member of the Democratic Party. He was the longest-serving governor in New Mexico history, with 12 years of service.

He died on November 13, 2009 in Stanley, New Mexico of heart failure at the age of 85.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bruce King
- **image**: Governor Bruce King.jpg
- **order1**: 23rd, 25th & 28th
- **office1**: Governor of New Mexico
- **term start1**: January 1, 1991
- **term end1**: January 1, 1995
- **lieutenant1**: Casey Luna
- **predecessor1**: Garrey Carruthers
- **successor1**: Gary Johnson
- **predecessor2**: Jerry Apodaca
- **successor2**: Toney Anaya
- **term start2**: January 1, 1979
- **term end2**: January 1, 1983
- **lieutenant2**: Roberto Mondragón
- **predecessor3**: David Cargo
- **successor3**: Jerry Apodaca
- **term start3**: January 1, 1971
- **term end3**: January 1, 1975
- **lieutenant3**: Roberto Mondragón
- **office4**: Member of the New Mexico House of Representatives
- **term4**: 1959–1970
- **birth place**: Stanley, New Mexico, U.S.
- **death place**: Stanley, New Mexico, U.S.
- **resting place**: Stanley Cemetery
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Alice King (1947–2008, her death)
- **children**: Gary King (politician), Gary King
- **profession**: Businesspeople, Businessman
politician
- **alma mater**: University of New Mexico
- **serviceyears**: 1942–1946
- **battles**: World War II