juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Godwinns

The **Godwinns** were a professional wrestling tag team that are best known for their time in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from 1996 until 1997.

The members of the team were Henry O. Godwinn (HOG) and Phineas I. Godwinn (PIG). The team has also wrestled in World Championship Wrestling (WCW), United States Wrestling Association (USWA), and Deep South Wrestling (DSW). In the WWF, the members of the team were portrayed as a family of Arkansas hillbilly pig farmers. In WCW, they went by the names Tex Slazenger and Shanghai Pierce and wore masks.

In the WWF, the group debuted on January 22, 1996 in a victory against The Bodydonnas (Skip & Zip). The Godwinns entered a tag team tournament for the then-vacant WWF Tag Team Championships. They faced the Bodydonnas in the finals at WrestleMania XII but lost. They feuded with the Bodydonnas over the championships and their valet Sunny. The Godwinns ended up defeating the Bodydonnas at a house show on May 19, 1996 to win the WWF Tag Team Championships. They would lose the championships to The Smoking Gunns (Billy and Bart Gunn) at In Your House: Beware of Dog.

After Henry got injured, the team would return as heels. They also replaced their manager Hillbilly Jim with their Uncle Cletus. At Badd Blood: In Your House, the Godwinns defeated The Headbangers (Thrasher and Mosh) to become two-time WWF Tag Team Champions. They lost the championships to the Legion of Doom (Animal and Hawk) on the October 13 episode of _Raw is War_. After the match, they attacked Uncle Cletus.

After the loss, the team had a gimmick change. They changed their name to Southern Justice, started using their real names and became backup for Jeff Jarrett. This was short-lived as Canterbury injured his neck. He got surgery and spinal fusion but decided to retire from professional wrestling afterwards. Knight was renamed as Mideon.

## Championships and accomplishments

- **World Wrestling Federation**
    - WWF Tag Team Championship (2 times)
- Wrestling Observer Newsletter
    - Worst Tag Team (1996, 1997)

## Other websites

- The Godwinn's Online World of Wrestling profile

## Infobox (wrestling team)

- **article name**: The Godwinns
- **type**: S
- **image**: Henry Godwinn in 1995.jpg
- **caption**: Henry O. Godwinn during his time in the Godwinns
- **names**: The Godwinns
Southern Justice
Tex Slazenger and Shanghai Pierce
- **former members**: Henry O. Godwinn, Henry O. Godwinn / Shanghai Pierce / Mark Canterbury
Mideon, Phineas I. Godwinn / Tex Slazenger / Dennis Knight
- **billed**: "Bitters, Arkansas"
- **debut**: 1991
- **disbanded**: 1998
Barry N. Malzberg

**Barry Nathaniel Malzberg** (July 24, 1939 – December 19, 2024) was an American science fiction writer and editor. His best known works were _The Falling Astronauts_, _Beyond Apollo_, _In the Stone House_ and _Final War_.

Malzberg died at his home in Saddle River, New Jersey on December 19, 2024 from problems caused by pneumonia, aged 85.

## Other websites

- Interview about Malzberg's Lone Wolf series of novels

## Infobox (writer)

- **pseudonym**: Nathan Herbert, K. M. O'Donnell
- **birth name**: Barry Nathaniel Malzberg
- **birth place**: New York City, U.S.
- **death place**: Saddle River, New Jersey, U.S.
- **occupation**: Novelist
- **language**: English
- **alma mater**: Syracuse University
- **genre**: Recursive science fiction
Om Prakash Chautala

**Om Prakash Chautala** (1 January 1935 – 20 December 2024) was an Indian politician. He was the Chief Minister of Haryana from 1989 to 1990, a short time in 1991 and then again from 1999 to 2005. He was a member of the Indian National Lok Dal. He was the son of Devi Lal, the 6th Deputy Prime Minister of India.

Chautala was given a four-year jail term in a 16-year-old disproportionate assets case in May 2022 by CBI Court. In the process, Chautala became the oldest prisoner of the Tihar Jail of Delhi at aged 87.

Chautala died from cardiac arrest at his home in Gurgaon, India on 20 December 2024, at the age of 89.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Om Prakash Chautala
- **image**: Om Prakash Chautala.jpg
- **predecessor2**: Hukam Singh (Haryana politician), Hukam Singh
- **party**: Indian National Lok Dal
- **office1**: Chief Minister of Haryana
- **order1**: 7th
- **predecessor1**: Bansi Lal
- **successor1**: Bhupinder Singh Hooda
- **successor2**: President's rule
- **term start4**: 2 December 1989
- **term end4**: 22 May 1990
- **predecessor4**: Devi Lal (politician), Chaudhary Devi Lal
- **successor4**: Banarsi Das Gupta
- **term start3**: 12 July 1990
- **term end3**: 17 July 1990
- **predecessor3**: Banarsi Das Gupta
- **successor3**: Hukam Singh (Haryana politician), Hukam Singh
- **term start2**: 22 March 1991
- **term end2**: 6 April 1991
- **term start1**: 24 July 1999
- **term end1**: 5 March 2005
- **office5**: List of leaders of the opposition in the Haryana Legislative Assembly, Leader of Opposition,
 Haryana Legislative Assembly
- **term start5**: 27 February 2005
- **term end5**: 27 October 2014
- **predecessor5**: _Vacant_

- **successor5**: Abhay Singh Chautala
- **office7**: President (corporate title), President of the
Indian National Lok Dal
- **term start7**: 6 April 2001
- **termend7**: 20 December 2024
- **predecessor7**: Devi Lal
- **birth place**: Chautala, Sirsa, Chautala, Hisar District, Punjab Province (British India), Punjab Province, British India
- **death place**: Gurgaon, Haryana, India
- **nationality**: Indian
- **spouse**: Sneh Lata Chautala
- **father**: Devi Lal
- **children**: 5, including Ajay Singh Chautala and Abhay Singh Chautala
- **occupation**: Agriculturalist, politician
Brain fog

**Brain fog** (also called **mental fog**) is a health condition with which an affected person may be slightly less awake and aware than is normal. Such people find it also hard to stay focused or pay attention.

Those with brain fog are not necessarily, but can sometimes be, drowsy. They almost surely find themselves confused or not thinking straight.
Battle of Vučji Do

The **Battle of Vučji Do** was an important fight during the Montenegrin-Ottoman War of 1876-78. It happened on July 18, 1876, in Vučji Do, Montenegro. The battle was between the combined forces of Montenegrin and Herzegovinian tribes and the Ottoman Army led by Ahmed Muhtar Pasha. The Montenegrin-Herzegovinian forces won a big victory, capturing two Ottoman commanders and a large amount of weapons.

## Background

As the Uprising in Herzegovina went on, Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary suggested a two-month pause in fighting during a meeting in mid-May. At the same time, Serbia and Montenegro decided to go to war with the Ottoman Empire and declared war on June 30, 1876.

## Battle

The battle took place in Vučji Do, near Nikšić.

Selim Pasha was killed by Đoko Popović from the Cuce tribe and Osman Pasha was captured by Luka Dragišić from the Piperi tribe.

## Related pages

- Battle of Fundina
- Montenegrin-Ottoman War (1876-1878)
- Nicholas I of Montenegro

## Sources

- Gavro Vukotić, _Rat 1876 Crne Gore sa Turskom_, Cetinje 1929. (COBISS.SR-ID:30379271)
- Lj. Poleksić, _Boj na Vučjem Dolu 28. jula 1876_, Ratnik, X/1940
- Dimitrije Trifunović, _Vučji Do_, Military encyclopaedia (second edition), том X, p. 626, Vojnoizdavački zavod Belgrade, Belgrade 1975
- Мilutin Miljušković _Velike crnogorske bitke: Vučji do i Fundina_, Podgorica 1997.  (COBISS.SR-ID:121793031)

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Vučji Do
- **image**: Battle of Vučji Do, Orao, 1877.jpg
- **image size**: 300
- **caption**: From the illustrative magazine Orao (1877)
- **date**: 18 July 1876
- **place**: Vučji Do, Montenegro
- **result**: Montenegrin-Herzegovinian victory
- **combatant1**: Principality of Montenegro, Montenegro
 Herzegovina Uprising (1875–78), Herzegovinian rebels
 **Supported by**
  Russian Empire
- **commander1**: Nicholas I of Montenegro, Prince Nikola I
Petar Vukotić
Simo Baćović
 Anto Daković
- **commander2**: Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
Osman Nuri Pasha
- **strength1**: 14,000:
17 Montenegrin battalions
11 Herzegovinian battalions
4 cannons
- **strength2**: 45,000:
24 battalions
12 cannons
- **casualties1**: 700 killed, 118 wounded
- **casualties2**: 4,000 killed and wounded
Lists of nebulae

## What is a nebulae

A nebula is either where stars or are formed or a remnant of a star that went supernova. A example of a nebula that makes stars is the Orion nebula (Messieer 42) and an example of a remnant is the crab nebula (Messier 1).

## What types of nebulae are there

There are a few types of nebulae types, a few of them are planetary nebulae which are formed when a star like our sun or slightly larger dies, a supernova remnant  is the remains of a massive star dies, a emmision nebula is a nebula that consists of ionized gas that emits light of different colours, a dark nebula is a nebula that has dense clouds that block light from behind them, a reflection nebula is a nebula that is made of dust that reflects from nearby stars and a protosteller nebula is where new stars form from collapsing clouds of gas. There are also H II regions which are ionized hydrogen gas which intesne star formatio<nowiki/>n is occouring and there are also wolf-rayet nebulas that contain massive stars that have strong steller winds.

## A

Abell 31

Ant nebula

Aquilla rift

Abell 39

## B

Bubble nebula

Butterfly nebula

Blue horsehead nebula

Barneds loop

Boogeyman nebula

## C

Cats eye nebula

California nebula

Cave nebula

Crab nebula

Cygnus loop

Cone nebula

Cacoon nebula

Christmas tree cluster/nebula

Carina nebula

## D

Dark Doodad nebula

Dumbbell nebula

## E

Eagle nebula

East viel nebula

Elephants trunk nebula

Eskimo nebula

Eta Carinae nebula

## F

Flame nebula

Fried Egg nebula

False comet nebula

Flying ghost nebula

## G

Gum nebula

Ghost nebulaGhost nebula

Gamma cygni nebula

Glowing eye nebula

## H

Helix nebula

Heart nebula

Horsehead nebula

Hourglass nebula

Hidden nebula

## I

Iris nebula

## J

Jellyfish nebula

## K

Kohoutek nebula

Kleinman low nebula

## L

Lagoon nebula

Lemon slice nebula

Little dumbbell nebula

Lynds dark nebula

## M

Medusa nebula

## N

North america nebula

Ninja nebula

## O

Orion nebula

Omega nebula

## P

Pacman nebula

Pencil nebula

Prawn nebula

Pelican nebula

Phanton streak nebula

## R

Ring nebula

Red rectangle nebula

Rosette nebula

Running chicken nebula

## S

Saturn nebula

Sadr region

Soul nebula

Seagull nebula

Southen owl nebula

## T

Tadpole nebula

Thors helmet nebula

Tulip nebula

Trifid nebula

Tarantula nebula

## V

Vela supernova remnant

Veil nebula

## W

Witch head nebula

Wizard nebula

Western veil nebula

Wolf-Rayet nebulae

## Y

Yule log nebula
The Machine Girl

**The Machine Girl** (Kataude Mashin Gāru, "One-armed Machine Girl") is a 2008 Japanese action-horror-comedy film. It was written and directed by Noboru Iguchi and stars Minase Yashiro, Asami, Kentarō Shimazu, and Honoka. The story follows a Japanese schoolgirl who loses her brother to a Ninja-Yakuza clan. After her hand is severed, she replaces it with a machine gun and seeks revenge.

Special effects were created by Yoshihiro Nishimura, who later directed Tokyo Gore Police. The movie premiered at the Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival in March 2008. It was released in theatres in the United States on May 23, 2008, came out on DVD on June 3, 2008, and was released in Japan on August 2, 2008.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Machine Girl
- **director**: Noboru Iguchi
- **producer**: Yoshinori Chiba
Yōko Hayama
Satoshi Nakamura
- **writer**: Noboru Iguchi
- **music**: Takashi Nakagawa
- **cinematography**: Yasutaka Nagano
- **editing**: Kenji Tanabe
- **distributor**: Spotted Productions
- **runtime**: 96 minutes
- **country**: Japan
- **language**: Japanese
Vučji Do

**Vučji Do** (Montenegrin: Вучји До) is a settlement in the Nikšić municipality in Montenegro.

## Geography

Vučji Do is located near the Montenegro–Bosnia border, about 6 km east of Bileća.

## History

In the early modern period, the region was part of the Nikšić tribe. Vučji Do was the site of the Battle of Vučji Do on July 18, 1876, where Montenegrin and Herzegovinian battalions defeated the Ottoman army.

## Demographics

According to the 2003 census, the total population of Vučji Do was 30, with 29 of them being Serbs (96.66%) and 1 Montenegrin (3.33%).

By the 2011 census, the population had decreased to 22, with 18 of them being Serbs.

|Censuses|1948|1953|1961|1971|1981|1991|2003|2011|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|105|113|89|80|51|34|30|22||

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Vučji Do
- **native name**: Вучји До
- **settlement type**: Village
- **pushpin map**: Montenegro
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Montenegro
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Municipalities of Montenegro, Municipality
- **subdivision name1**:  Nikšić Municipality, Nikšić
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 22
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Voyah

**Voyah** is a Chinese luxury brand owned by Dongfeng Motor Corporation, a Chinese state-owned manufacturer. It was founded in April 2019 and it makes luxury electric cars.

## History

In July 2020, Dongfeng showed the Voyah brand and its logo for the first time in Wuhan. In September 2020, Beijing auto show, the Voyah brand was officially launched showing two Concepts named Free and I-Land and the Free Concept preview, the Voyah Free that was launched in 2021. Both Concepts designs were co-made with the help of Italdesign which is a Italian design house.
The Concepts also previewed the next Voyah cars in the next years and Voyahs cars are made in a Dongfeng platform named Essa Electric.

In December 2020, the first Voyah car the Free was launched.
On January 2024 Voyah formed a strategic coorperation agreement with Huawei a Chinese technology brand and both companies will work together on the development of Huawei Inside Model.
In April 2024, the 100.000th car of Voyah which is a Voyah Dream was rolled off.

## Models

- Voyah Passion (2023–present), midsize sedan, BEV/PHEV
- Voyah Free (2021–present), midsize SUV, BEV/REEV
- Voyah Courage (2024-present), compact SUV, BEV
- Voyah Dream (2022–present), full-size MPV, BEV/PHEV

## Markets

Outside China Voyah currently sells its cars in Norway since June 2022, Israel since april 2023, and Belarus since July 2023.

in January 2024 Voyah started its expansion in Southern Europe with plans to enter Portugal and Spain,
In April 2024 it entered the Italian market.
And In August 2024 in Lebanon the Voyah brand was launched alongside M-Hero.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Voyah Automotive Technology Co., Ltd.
- **native name**: 岚图汽车科技有限公司
- **type**: State-owned Subsidiary
- **industry**: Automotive
- **foundation**: 2019
- **location city**: Wuhan, Hubei
- **location country**: China
- **area served**: China, Russia, Israel, Turkey, Belarus, Norway
- **owner**: Dongfeng Motor Corporation
Italki

**italki** is an online language learning platform which connects language learners and teachers through video chat. The site allows students to find online teachers for 1-on-1 tutoring, and teachers to earn money as freelance tutors. italki is headquartered in Hong Kong, China.

## **History**

italki started in 2007. The founders are Kevin Chen and Yongyue Jiang. At first, it worked like a community for language learners. Later, it became a paid marketplace for live one-to-one lessons. Early news stories called it a Shanghai-based social network for people who learn languages.

## **Products and services**

italki is an online marketplace for one-to-one lessons by video. Teachers set prices and times. Learners can choose “professional teachers” or “community tutors” and can filter by price, country, and lesson type.

## **Reception**

In 2012, _The Independent_ named italki on its list of “10 best language products.”
Genesis Motor

**Genesis Motor LLC** commonly known as **Genesis** is a Korean Luxury car brand owned by Hyundai it was launched as a model named Hyundai Genesis in 2015 it became a independent brand and its first model the Genesis G90 was launched in 2017.

## History

Hyundai revealed the Concept Genesis in 2003 and the Hyundai Genesis was introduced in 2007 as a "progressive interpretation of the modern rear-wheel drive sports sedan". The design of the body took 3 years, and the total cost of the development program was $500 million dollars. The reliability was tested and it reached 800.000 miles.

There was an internal debate about whether if the Genesis should be sold as a Hyundai or become a independent brand, either as a separate dealership or through Hyundai stores. Finally, the Genesis was launched as a Hyundai car in North American International Auto Show in 2008.

In 2015 Hyundai`s United States spokesman Chris Horsford cited three main reasons to make Genesis a independent brand:
- Hyundai Genesis experienced success in seven years in the luxury car market
- it ranked among the top 3 segment sellers
- Customers showed a interest in a independent genesis division
In December 2015 ,Genesis Motor launched its first car, the G90, that is sold in South Korea as the Genesis EQ900. In the United States, Genesis was launched in 2016 with the G80 and G90.
And in May 2021, it was launched in Europe alongside the launch of the Genesis G70 Shooting Brake.

## Models

|colspan="3"|Model|colspan="2"|Current generation|rowspan="2" class="unsortable"|Note|rowspan="2"|Global sales (2021, by units)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2017|2017|IK||19,937||||
|2016|2020|RG3|Successor to the Hyundai Genesis.|64,182||||
|2021|2021|RG3 EV||1,384||||
|2015|2021|RS4|Successor of the Hyundai Equus. Marketed as the Genesis EQ900 until 2019.|7,216||||
|2021|2021|JW|Based on the Hyundai E-GMP platform shared with Hyundai Ioniq 5 and Kia EV6.|1,214||||
|2020|2020|JK1||59,410||||
|2022|2022|JK1 EV||–||||
|2020|2020|JX1||48,072||||

## Concept Models

|Car|Image|Debut|Class|Show|Production|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||2015|Coupe|Pebble Beach|G90||
||2016|Sedan|New York|G70||
||2017|Luxury SUV|New York|GV80||
||2018|Grand tourer (S)|New York|—||
||2019|City car|New York|—||
||2021|Coupe/GT|Los Angeles|—||
||2022|Coupe/GT|New York|—||
||2022|Convertible|Los Angeles|-||
||2023|Coupe/GT|Gran Tursimo World Final 2023|-||
||2024|Full-size crossover SUV|New York|-||
||2024|Coupe/GT|Busan International Mobility Show 2024|-||

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Genesis Motor, LLC
- **type**: Brand (business), Brand
- **industry**: Automotive
- **hq location city**: Seoul
- **hq location country**: South Korea
- **key people**: Won-Hee Lee (president and CEO)
 Jaehoon (Jay) Chang (Global head and executive vice president)
Claudia Marquez (chief operating officer, COO, Genesis North America)
Izzy Zhu (Chief executive officer, CEO, Genesis China)
- **products**: Luxury vehicles
- **services**: Automotive financial services
- **parent**: Hyundai Motor Company
Geely Icon

**Geely Iсon (stylized as ICON, Chinese: 吉利ICON)** is a subcompact crossover from Geely.

## History

The car was originally presented in 2018 at the Beijing Auto Show as the ICON SUV Concept. The production version was revealed online due to COVID-19.

## Geely Cowboy

A variant of the Geely Icon named "Cowboy" was launched in 2024 it has a off road inspired body kit.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Geely Icon
- **image**: Geely Icon 007.jpg
- **aka**: Geely Cowboy (From 2024)
- **model code**: SX12
- **engine**: 1.5 L _JLH-3G15TD_ Straight-three engine, I3 Turbocharger, turbo
- **transmission**: 7-speed Dual-clutch transmission, DCT
- **related**: Geely Binyue
Proton X50
Lynk & Co 06
- **platform**: Geely BMA platform
- **body style**: 5-door Sport utility vehicle, SUV
- **class**: Subcompact crossover SUV
- **designer**: Guy Burgoyne (design chief)
 Rong Ma (exterior designer)
- **production**: 2020–present
- **manufacturer**: Geely Auto
Tank (marque)

**Tank** also known as **GWM Tank** is a Chinese automobile brand owned by Great Wall Motors (GWM) it makes off-road SUVS.

## History

In July 2020, Great Wall Motors (GWM) showed three platforms named "L.E.M.O.N.", "Tank", and "Coffee Intelligence" among the three the Tank platform is a longitudinal platform mainly for off-road vehicles the platform supports internal combustion engines (ICE) Hybrid electric (HEV) and plug-in Hybrid (PHEV) according to GWM the Tank platform would be used by B-class (which is an equivalent to D-segment) D+-class (positioned above F-segment) and also SUV and Pickup Truck segments. the first model to use the platform was the Wey Tank 300 that made its debut on Chengdu Auto Show in 2020.

In March 2021, GWM said it would sell off-road models from the Tank series under a independent Tank brand Wey would be positioned as an urban SUV brand while Tank would be a independent brand of off road SUVS and the Tank 300 became the brand`s first car. In 2021, in Auto Shanghai two more off road SUVS called the Tank 700 and 800 were shown. while the Tank 400 and 500 were previewed in August 2021.

## Models

- Tank 300 (2021–present)
    - Tank 330 (2024)
- Tank 400 (2023–present)
- Tank 500 (2021–present)
- Tank 700 (2024–present)

### Upcoming

- Tank 800

## Infobox (chinese)

- **child**: yes
- **s**: 坦克
- **p**: Tǎnkè
- **order**: st
- **hide**: no
- **altname**: Trading name


## Infobox (brand)

- **name**: Tank
- **logo**: Tank (Great Wall Motor brand) logo, global market.svg
- **logo size**: 130px
- **type**: Automobile
- **currentowner**: Great Wall Motor
- **origin**: China
- **related**: Wey (marque), Wey
- **markets**: Worldwide, currently Asia-Pacific
- **website**: (China)
Air Congo

**Air Congo** is the new Flag Carrier of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) headquartered in Kinshasa it has its hub at the N`Dijili airport the airline was launched in 1 December 2024 and commenced its operations on December 9 of the same year on the same day the inauguration flight from N'djili Airport to Lubumbashi International Airport occurred the flight was made by a Boeing 737 that was leased from Ethiopian Airlines.

## Destinations

|Country|City|Airport|Notes|class="unsortable"|Refs|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|DRC|Goma|Goma International Airport||||
|DRC|Kalemie|Kalemie Airport||||
|DRC|Kinshasa|N'djili Airport||||
|DRC|Kisangani|Kisangani Bangoka International Airport||||
|DRC|Kolwezi|Kolwezi Airport||||
|DRC|Lubumbashi|Lubumbashi International Airport||||
|DRC|Mbuji-Mayi|Mbuji Mayi Airport||||

## Fleet

|rowspan="2"|Aircraft|rowspan="2" style="width:60px;"|Number|rowspan="2" style="width:40px;"|Orders|colspan="3" class="unsortable"|Passengers|rowspan="2"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Boeing 737-800|2|—||||Leased from Ethiopian Airlines||||

## Infobox (airline)

- **airline**: Air Congo
- **iata**: 8Z
- **founded**: 2024
- **fleet size**: 2
- **destinations**: 6
- **headquarters**: Kinshasa, DR Congo
- **key people**: Mesfin Biru Weldegeorgis (Director General)
- **equity**: US$ 40 million
Battles for Plav and Gusinje

The Battles for Plav and Gusinje were conflicts between Montenegro and the League of Prizren, supported by the Ottoman Empire, following the 1878 Congress of Berlin's decision to cede Plav and Gusinje to Montenegro.

These battles occurred between October 9, 1879, and January 8, 1880, and included:

- **Velika attacks** (October 9 – November 22, 1879): Montenegrin victory in the first attack; Albanian victory in the second.

- **Battle of Novšiće** (December 4, 1879): Albanian victory.

- **Battle of Murino** (January 8, 1880): Both sides claimed victory.

- **Battle at the Ržanica Bridge** (April 22, 1880): Albanian victory.

## Conflict

The League of Prizren's forces were led by commanders such as Ali Pasha of Gusinje and Jakup Ferri, while Montenegro's forces included battalions from Moračani, Bratonožići, Kuči, and Vasojevići.

The conflicts resulted in significant casualties on both sides, with over 649 irregulars and more than 2,000 soldiers killed.

These battles were part of the broader resistance by Albanian forces against the decisions of the Congress of Berlin, which sought to redraw boundaries in the Balkans without local consent.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battles for Plav and Gusinje
- **partof**: Congress of Berlin conflicts
- **date**: October 9, 1879 – January 8, 1880
- **place**: Plav and Gusinje, present-day Montenegro
- **result**: Albanian victory
- **combatant1**: Montenegro
- **combatant2**: League of Prizren
- **commander1**: Prince Nikola I
- **commander2**: Ali Pasha of Gusinje
- **strength1**: 15,000-20,000 soldiers
- **strength2**: 15,000-20,000 soldiers
- **casualties1**: 2000 killed
- **casualties2**: 679 killed
Allobates peruvianus

The **Mount Turumiquire rocket frog** (_Allobates peruvianus_) is a frog.  It lives in Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, and Bolivia.

## Home

This frog lives on the ground in forests. Scientists saw the frog between 400 and 1500  meters above sea level.

## Young

The female frog lays her eggs on the ground. After the eggs hatch, the adult frog carries the tadpoles to water.

## Danger

Scientists do not know if this frog is in danger of dying out. They think that human beings change the places where it lives to make farms and get wood to build with, but they are not sure.
Piano Sonata No. 6 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 6 in F major**, Op. 10, No. 2, is a piano sonata composed for Countess Anne Margarete von Browne. It was written between 1796 and 1798. It was first published in Vienna by Joseph Eder in 1798.

The sonata is about 14 minutes long.

## Form

The sonata has three movements:

## Infobox (musical composition)

- **name**: Piano Sonata No. 6
- **composer**: Ludwig van Beethoven
- **image**: Ludwig van Beethoven, aged twenty-six (1796).jpg
- **caption**: Beethoven in 1796; designed by G. Stainhauser
- **key**: F major
- **opus**: 10
- **style**: Classical period (music), Classical period
- **form**: Piano sonata
- **dedication**: Anne Margarete von Browne
- **published**: 1798, Vienna
- **publisher**: Joseph Eder
- **movements**: 3
- **duration**: 14 minutes
Kokand

**Kokand**( ) is a city located in Ferghana region of Uzbekistan. The population of Kokand as of 2022 was approximately 259,700. It used to be the capital city of one of the khanates of central Asia called "Kokandian khanate" which is ruled by Khudayarkhan.
Piano Sonata No. 19 (Beethoven)

The **Piano Sonata No. 19 in G minor**, Op. 49, No. 1, is a short sonata by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was made public in 1805 but made 10 years earlier.

The sonata is eight minutes in long. This sonata, along with No. 20, is sometimes called _Leichte Sonaten._

## Movements

The sonata has two movements:

## Infobox (musical composition)

- **name**: Piano Sonata No. 19
- **composer**: Ludwig van Beethoven
- **image**: Ludwig van Beethoven, aged twenty-six (1796).jpg
- **caption**: Beethoven in 1796; designed by G. Stainhauser
- **key**: G minor
- **opus**: 49
- **style**: Classical period (music), Classical period
- **form**: Piano sonata
- **published**: 1805, Vienna
- **movements**: 2
- **duration**: 8 minutes
Kütahya

**Kütahya** is a city in western Turkey. The city is in the Aegean Region. In 2023, 276,427 people lived there.
Piano Sonata No. 9 (Beethoven)

The **Piano Sonata No. 9 in E major**, Op. 14, No. 1, is an early sonata by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was made in 1798 and arranged for string quartet in 1801.

## Form

The sonata is in three movements:

## Infobox (musical composition)

- **name**: Piano Sonata No. 9
- **composer**: Ludwig van Beethoven
- **image**: Ludwig van Beethoven, aged twenty-six (1796).jpg
- **caption**: Beethoven in 1796; designed by G. Stainhauser
- **key**: E major
- **opus**: 14
- **style**: Classical period (music), Classical period
- **form**: Piano sonata
- **movements**: 3
- **duration**: 13 minutes
İskenderun

**İskenderun** is a city in southern Turkey. The city is in the Hatay Province in the Mediterranean Region. In 2023, 227,498 people lived there.
Session (software)

**Session** is a free and open source e2ee(end-to-end) encrypted anonymous cross-platform messenger created by OXEN community in 4 February 2020.

Session messenger was created as a fork for signal which is another e2ee messenger that sends messages using on signal protocol.

Session is a cross-platform messenger which means you can use on your Android, IOS, Windows, MacOS and linux at the same time. To do this you only need your 16-digit keys generated by session messenger.

Session only allows you to send up to 10mb media which is less than other messengers. When you send a message to your friend, Session encrypts your message with AES key and sends message through the onion router which means nobody knows who you are sending your message or from whom you are receiving it.

Also, Session has self-destructing mode from 5sec to 1week.
Undecimal

**Undecimal** is a number system where the base is 11. It is also called **unodecimal**.
Violin Concerto in E major (Bach)

The **Violin Concerto** in E major, BWV 1042, is a violin concerto by Johann Sebastian Bach. It follows the three-movement Venetian concerto style but includes some "un-Italian characteristics" in each movement.

The piece has three movements:

1. Allegro, meter of , in ritornello form in E major
1. Adagio, meter of , with a ground bass in C-sharp minor
1. Allegro assai, meter of , with an overall structure of a rondo in E major

There are two 18th-century scores,  but neither is an oryginal manuscript (handwritten original document). Bach re-used the concerto as a model for his Harpsichord Concerto in D major, BWV 1054. This version was found in his 1737–39 oryginal manuscript of these works. The concerto is believed to have been written while Bach was working for the court of Köthen or during his time in Leipzig.

## Infobox (bach composition)

- **name**: Violin Concerto in E major
- **bwv**: 1042
- **composer**: Johann Sebastian Bach, J. S. Bach
- **movements**: 3
- **composed**: –1723
Lengerich, Westphalia

**Lengerich** is a town in Steinfurt in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Lengerich
- **type**: Stadt
- **image coa**: DE Lengerich (Westfalen) COA.svg
- **image plan**: Lengerich in ST.svg
- **state**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **region**: Münster
- **district**: Steinfurt
- **elevation**: 80
- **area**: 90.71
- **postal code**: 49525
- **area code**: 05481
05482 (Wechte)
- **licence**: ST, TE, BF
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 5 66 040
- **divisions**: 12
- **website**: [https://www.lengerich.de/ www.lengerich.de]
- **mayor**: Wilhelm Möhrke
- **leader term**: 2020–25
- **party**: independent
Piano Sonata No. 30 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 30 in E major**, Op. 109, is a piano sonata written for Maximiliane von Blittersdorf, the daughter of Antonie Brentano. It was written in 1820 and made public in Berlin by Schlesinger in 1821.

## Movements

The three movements of this sonata are:

## Infobox (musical composition)

- **name**: Piano Sonata No. 30
- **composer**: Ludwig van Beethoven
- **image**: Beethoven Klaviersonate Nr 30.jpg
- **caption**: Manuscript of the beginning of the first movement
- **key**: E major
- **opus**: 109
- **style**: Classical period (music), Classical period
- **form**: Piano sonata
- **dedication**: Maximiliane von Blittersdorf
- **published**: 1821, Berlin
- **publisher**: Schlesinger
- **movements**: 3
- **duration**: 20 minutes
Ladbergen

**Ladbergen** is a municipality in Steinfurt in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Ladbergen
- **type**: Municipality
- **image photo**: Ladbergen Dorfstrasse 6.JPG
- **image caption**: Ladbergen Dorfstraße
- **image coa**: DE Ladbergen COA.svg
- **image plan**: Ladbergen in ST.svg
- **state**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **region**: Münster
- **district**: Steinfurt
- **elevation**: 51.8
- **area**: 52.34
- **postal code**: 49549
- **area code**: 05485
- **licence**: ST, TE, BF
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 5 66 032
- **divisions**: Village (centre), Hölter, Wester and Overbeck
- **website**: [https://www.ladbergen.de/ www.ladbergen.de]
- **mayor**: Torsten Buller
- **leader term**: 2020–25
- **party**: Independent
Shō Hashi

**Shō Hashi** (1372 – 1439) was a king of Chūzan. Chūzan was one of three kingdoms on the Pacific island of Okinawa at the time, along with Sannan and Sanhoku. History books made for the government of the Ryukyu Kingdom say that Hashi united the three kingdoms into one country, the Ryukyu Kingdom. Hashi became the only king on Okinawa to make trade agreements with China. However, he may not have controlled the whole island.

Hashi's father was Shishō. His grandfather might have been a sailor named Samekawa from the island of Kyūshū in Japan. In 1392, Hashi began ruling from Sashiki in southern Okinawa. In 1407, he fought the king Bunei of Chūzan and killed him; Hashi then made his father Shishō king. In 1422, Shishō died and Hashi himself became king. He ruled from Shuri Castle and fought many wars across the island. He had workers make a stele — a stone slab carved with a message ― to praise his kingdom and the planting of trees and flowers around Shuri Castle.

Hashi died in 1439. After this, many of his sons and relatives became king for only a few years each. After much fighting over who should rule, Shō Taikyū became king in 1453. The official history books of the Ryukyu Kingdom disagree on whether Taikyū was Hashi's son or grandson — they may have been unrelated instead.
Lienen

**Lienen** is a municipality in Steinfurt in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Gemeinde
- **image coa**: DE_Lienen_COA.svg
- **image plan**: Lienen in ST.svg
- **state**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **region**: Münster
- **district**: Steinfurt
- **elevation**: 82
- **area**: 73.27
- **postal code**: 49536
- **area code**: 05483
 05484 (Kattenvenne)
- **licence**: ST (until 1975: TE)
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 5 66 044
- **website**: [http://www.lienen.de/ www.lienen.de]
- **mayor**: Arne Strietelmeier
- **leader term**: 2020–25
Piano Sonata No. 31 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's **Piano Sonata No. 31 in A-flat major**, Op. 110, No. 1, is a piano sonata with no dedication. It was written between 1820 and 1821. It was made public in Berlin and Peris by Schlesinger in 1822. The sonata is around 19 minutes long.

## Form

The sonata has three movements:

## Infobox (musical composition)

- **name**: Piano Sonata No. 31
- **composer**: Ludwig van Beethoven
- **image**: Joseph Karl Stieler's Beethoven mit dem Manuskript der Missa solemnis.jpg
- **caption**: Beethoven in 1820
- **key**: A-flat major
- **opus**: 110
- **style**: Classical period (music), Classical period
- **form**: Piano sonata
- **published**: 1822, Berlin and Paris
- **publisher**: Schlesinger
- **movements**: 3
- **duration**: 19 minutes
Theuley

**Theuley** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Erik Brus

**Erik Brus** (1964 – 19 December 2024) was a Dutch writer, editor and journalist. He became known as editor-in-chief of **' and worked on books about among others, writer and poet Cornelis Bastiaan Vaandrager and Hans Sleutelaar.

## Biography

Brus was born in Krimpen aan den IJssel in 1964 where he also grew up. He studied English language and literature at Leiden University. He moved to Rotterdam.

During the early 1990s, Brus made his debut in the literary football magazine **' and wrote for the magazine _Holland-SF_ and _De Tijdlijn_.

He started working from March 1995 for **' and became within a short time editor-in-chief. Brus also had a regular column and wrote in 1997 a special about . While the position of editor-in-chief changed from , Richard Dekker and  to Iris van Erve, Brus remained an editor until the last issue in 2013. The magazine merged with _Bulkboek_ in to **' and started working there.

Next as working for magazines he also contributed to books. In 2006 to the novel _Zwartboek_ based on the story by Gerard Soeteman and Paul Verhoeven. In 2012 he contributed to the book _Rotterdam_ including posthumous work of writers  and . The same year he wrote the book _Gehavende stad_ (Hardened City) with Fred de Vries about the development of music and literature in Rotterdam from the 1960s.

Brus wrote books with biographical content about , writer and poet Cornelis Bastiaan Vaandrager and Hans Sleutelaar.

Brus died in Rotterdam on 19 December 2024 at the age of 60 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Erik Brus
- **image**: Erik Brus, 2017.jpg
- **caption**: Brus in 2017
- **birth place**: Krimpen aan den IJssel, Netherlands
- **death place**: Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: writer and journalist
Mike Doyle (actor)

**Michael Doyle** (born September 16, 1972) is an American actor. He is mainly known for his role as Ryan O'Halloran on _Law & Order: Special Victims Unit_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mike Doyle
- **birth name**: Michael Doyle
- **birth place**: United States
- **occupation**: Actor
- **education**: Juilliard School
- **years active**: 1994–present
Emgrand

**Emgrand** was a car brand owned by the Chinese car brand Geely. It was founded in 2009 and discontinued in 2014.

## History

The Emgrand brand was debuted on Auto Shanghai in 2009 alongside other new brands of Geely named Englon and Gleagle.
In 2009 The first Emgrand car the EC7 started being produced at the Geely plant in Ningbo. it was put on sale in China In August 2009 as the brand`s launch car its second model named the EC8 was launched in 2010.

In December 2011 it was announced that Emgrand cars would be sold in the United Kingdom in the late 2012 with the Emgrand EC7 intended to be the first car to be sold. the cars of the brand were planned to be distributed in the country by Manganese Bronze Holdings (which is a brand that Geely owns) and it would be trading as "Geely Auto UK". however the launch was suspended

The brand was discontinued in 2014 and currently it is a vehicle name under the Geely brand.

## Models

- Emgrand EC7 (compact front-wheel drive sedan and hatchback)
- Emgrand EC7-RV
- Emgrand EC8
- Emgrand X7 (SUV)

## Concept Cars

A concept version of the Emgrand GE made its debut at the Auto Shanghai in 2009 with a new version debuted at the Beijing Auto Show in 2010.
It later revealed three concept cars named the EX8 EX9 and GE at the Beijing Auto Show in 2012.
Later Emgrand showed the KC in the Shanghai Auto Show in 2013 it previewed the Emgrand GC9. but due to the discontinuation of Emgrand brand in 2014 the production version of the KC9 was sold by Geely as the Geely Borui.

## Infobox (chinese)

- **c**: 帝豪
- **p**: Dìháo
- **w**: Ti<sup>4</sup>-hao<sup>2</sup>
- **l**: Imperial
- **j**: Dai3 hou4
- **y**: Daihòuh


## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Emgrand
- **logo**: Emgrand.png
- **logo size**: 200px
- **image**: 大步汽车城 吉利帝豪 - panoramio.jpg
- **image caption**: Emgrand's dealership in Shanghai, China
- **native name**: 帝豪
- **native name lang**: zh
- **type**: Privately held company, Private
- **industry**: Automobile manufacturing
- **founded**: in Shanghai, China
- **fate**: Merged with Geely
- **parent**: Geely
Genevreuille

**Genevreuille** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Haute-Saône department in east France.
Gaya Prasad Singh

**Gaya Prasad Singh**, a renowned freedom fighter, was born on 23 August 1917 in Ahpura village under Sandesh block of Bihar. His father, Jeet Sahay Singh, was a middle-class farmer. At 17, Gaya Prasad Singh joined the Indian freedom struggle to "Liberate Mother India," dedicating himself tirelessly to the cause of freeing India from the British government. He was honoured by prime minister shreemati indira gandhi by Tamra patra in 1972.

• After Trying To Breaking Koilwar Railway Bridge The East India Company ( British Government) issued "shoot at sight" anywhere. Then After That He Darely Burnt Sandesh police station And Post Office after the order of "See and Shoot" Gaya prasad singh.

• Two times he escaped from Jail during Transfer from one Jail to another And First time He go by walking on Railway Track to Kashi and Hide his identity and work as a Servant in a Hindu family.

• In Kashi He meet Madan Mohan Malaviya and Start Revolution against British With them. He spend some month with Madan Mohan Malaviya in Kashi

• He was also involved in "Byaktigat Satyagraha" and the slogan of This satyagraha was " Na Ek Payi Denge Na Ek Bhai Denge"

• After Burning Of Police station and Post office He was Underground and Whole British Government of Bihar Finding him After some day he come to his village "Ahpura" to meet his family then Some people informed British Government that Gaya babu came at his Home then too many jeep of British Government come and surround all the village but Gaya prasad Singh escaped from there by wearing saree on his body and Go on infront of the British police. He was very Braved Freedom Fighter.

## Revolutionary Activities

He actively participated in the Ambari Satyagraha, a movement supported by Dr. Rajendra Prasad. He was imprisoned for 1.5 years alongside Dr. Rajendra Prasad in Hazaribagh Jail for his involvement. Later, in 1942, Gaya Prasad Singh played a pivotal role in the Quit India Movement, further cementing his legacy as a committed freedom fighter.

## Honoured By the President of India

On 9 August 2017, the then President of India, Shri Ram Nath Kovind, hosted an ‘At Home’ reception at Rashtrapati Bhavan to commemorate the 77th anniversary of the Quit India Movement. He and six other freedom fighters from Bihar were invited and honored at this event.

## Death

Gaya Prasad Singh passed away on 4 January 2024, at the remarkable age of near 106. His mortal remains were brought to his home, wrapped in the tricolor, and he was accorded full national honors in recognition of his contributions to India's independence.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gaya Prasad Singh
- **image**: Senior Freedom fighter Babu Gaya Prasad singh.jpg
- **birth date**: 23 August 1917
- **death date**: 4 January 2024
- **nationality**: Indian
- **known for**: India Freedom Fighter (Ambari Satyagraha, Quit India Movement)
- **movement**: Participated in Quit India Movement in 1942
- **honours**: Honoured By the President Of India in 2019
John Allen Chau

**John Allen Chau** (born December 18, 1991 in Scottsboro, died November 17, 2018 in North Sentinel) was an American traveler and Christian Protestant missionary. He was killed in November 2018 by residents of North Sentinel Island in an attempt to convert them to Christianity. For nine years, he prepared for a mission among the Sentinels, aware of the risks and the very brutal treatment of newcomers by the natives

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Allen Chau
- **birth place**: Scottsboro, Alabama, U.S.
- **death place**: North Sentinel Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
- **death cause**: Shot with a bow and arrow
- **burial place**: North Sentinel Island
- **nationality**: American
- **education**: Oral Roberts University
- **occupation**: Christian missionary
Battle of Krusi

The **Battle of Krusi** happened on 3rd October, 1796, between the Ottoman army, led by Kara Mahmud Pasha, and the Montenegrin tribes, led by Metropolitan Petar I Petrović Njegoš and Jovan Radonjić. It took place at Krusi in Lješanska nahija.

## Prelude

After Kara Mahmud Pasha was beaten at Martinići in 1796, he planned to attack Montenegro again. He moved his army from Scutari to Podgorica and set up more troops near the border. From Podgorica, he went to Lješkopolje to prepare for an attack on Cetinje.

Petar I found out about the plan and set up defenses. He placed most of his army near Sađavce mountain, and another group led by Jovan Radonjić camped near Krusi. One of the first stories about the battle was written by Archimandrite Stefan Vukčević in 1811.

## Battle

The battle took place on October 3, 1796, when Bushati's troops crossed the Sitnica River to attack Montenegrin positions.

Russian deacon Aleksije wrote that the battle started at 8:30 am and ended in the evening.  After a full day of fighting, the Montenegrins won, killing Bushati. The Ottomans retreated to Podgorica, losing 7,000 men. While Montenegrins had 132 dead and 237 wounded.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Krusi

- **date**: 3 October 1796
- **place**: Krusi, Lješanska nahija (modern-day Montenegro)
- **result**: Decisive Montenegrin victory
- **combatant1**: Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro, Montenegro
- **combatant2**: Ottoman Empire
* Pashalik of Scutari
- **commander1**: Petar I Petrović Njegoš
Jovan Radonjić
- **commander2**: Kara Mahmud Pasha
- **units1**: * Tribes of Old Montenegro
* Piperi (tribe), Piperi
* Bjelopavlići
- **units2**: Unknown
- **strength1**: 6,500 men
- **strength2**: Unknown
- **casualties1**: 132 dead
- **casualties2**: 7,000 dead
Battle of Fundina

The **Battle of Fundina** took place on August 2, 1876, in Kuči, Montenegro, on St. Elijah's Day. The Montenegrins, led by Ilija Plamenac and Marko Miljanov, had 5,000 soldiers, while the Ottomans had 50,000. A Montenegrin Muslim revealed the Ottoman plans, allowing the Montenegrins to attack a day earlier.

Most of the fighting happened at Heljam hill, where the Ottomans defended from trenches. After winning, the Montenegrins captured Ottoman leaders and burned them in a house. The Ottomans fled in retreat.

The Martinići battalion killed 2,000 Ottomans and captured 6 flags. Hero Novak Vujošević killed 28 Ottomans and was honored by the Russian emperor. The victory stopped the Ottoman advance and secured Montenegrin success in the 1876–1878 war.

## Related pages

- Montenegrin-Ottoman War (1876-1878)
- Battle of Vučji Do

## Sources

- _William H. Guttenberg; History becomes alive_

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Fundina
- **partof**: Montenegrin-Ottoman War (1876-1878)
- **image**: Battle of Fundina.jpg
- **caption**: Picture of the Battle of Fundina
- **date**: 2 August 1876
- **place**: Fundina, Montenegro
- **result**: Montenegro, Montenegrin victory
- **commander1**: Ilija Plamenac
Marko Miljanov, Marko Miljanov Popović
- **commander2**: Mahmud Pasha
- **strength1**: 5,000
- **strength2**: 50,000
- **casualties1**: unknown
- **casualties2**: unknown
Madagascar (franchise)

The **_Madagascar_ franchise** from DreamWorks Animation, consists of four movies: _Madagascar_ (2005), _Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa_ (2008), _Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted_ (2012) and _Penguins of Madagascar_ (2014). Two Annie Award-winning shorts, _Merry Madagascar_ (2009) and _Madly Madagascar_ (2013), were also released. A TV show for Nickelodeon called _The Penguins of Madagascar_

## Movies

- _Madagascar_ (2005)
- _Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa_ (2008)
- _Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted_ (2012)

### Spin-off

- _Penguins of Madagascar_ (2014)

## Television specials

- _Merry Madagascar_ (2009)
- _Madly Madagascar_ (2013)

## TV series

- _The Penguins of Madagascar_ (2008-2015)
- _All Hail King Julien_ (2014-2017)
- _Madagascar: A Little Wild_ (2020-2022)