juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jean d'Ormesson

**Jean Bruno Wladimir François de Paule Le Fèvre d'Ormesson** (16 June 1925 – 5 December 2017) was a French novelist. His work mostly was made up of partially or totally autobiographic novels.

On 18 October 1973, he was elected a member of the Académie française, taking seat 12, following the death of Jules Romains. On the death of Claude Lévi-Strauss on 30 October 2009, he became the Dean of the _Académie_, its longest-serving member until his death in 2017. He was also a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.

In 2010, he was awarded the Ovid Prize.

On 5 December 2017, d'Ormesson died in Neuilly-sur-Seine, at the age of 92.

## Other websites

- List of novels  by Jean d'Ormesson on the Académie française web site.

## Infobox (writer)

- **image**: Salon du livre de Paris 2011 - Jean d'Ormesson - 001.jpg
- **image size**: 225
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
- **occupation**: Writer, columnist, reporter, philosopher
- **language**: French
- **notableworks**: _Au revoir et merci_ (1966)
_La Gloire de l'Empire_ (1971)
_Au plaisir de Dieu_ (1974)
_Dieu, sa vie, son œuvre_ (1981)
_C'était bien_ (2003)
_C'est une chose étrange à la fin que le monde_ (2010)
- **awards**: Académie française
(List of members of the Académie française#Seat 12, Seat 12)
Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française
Grand Croix of the Legion of Honour
Hélène Carrère d'Encausse

**Hélène Carrère d'Encausse** (born **Hélène Zourabichvili**; 6 July 1929 – 5 August 2023) was a French historian. She was the permanent secretary of the Académie française. She was a well known historian, specializing in Russian history. She was a recipient of Lomonosov Gold Medal in 2008.

Carrère d'Encausse was born in Paris. She was a graduate of the elite Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris (_Sciences Po_).

She was elected to seat 14 of the Académie française in 1990, and her academician's sword was made by the sculptor Goudji. She became permanent secretary on 21 October 1999. Even though she was the first woman in a leading role at the Académie Française, she insisted on using the masculine form as her title.

In her book _L'Empire éclaté_ published in 1978 she predicted the fall of the Soviet Union.

She was awarded Grand Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (2011).

Carrère d'Encausse died in Paris on 5 August 2023, at the age of 94.

## Infobox (academic)

- **discipline**: History


## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Hélène Carrère d'Encausse
- **image**: Hélène Carrère d’Encausse par Claude Truong-Ngoc sept 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Carrère d'Encausse in 2013
- **office**: Member of the European Parliament
- **term start**: 1994
- **term end**: 1999
- **office2**: Member of the Académie Française
- **term start2**: 1990
- **term end2**: 2023
- **suboffice2**: Perpetual Secretary
- **subterm2**: 1999–2023
- **birth name**: Hélène Zourabichvili
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **party**: Rally for the Republic
- **profession**: Historian
- **children**: 3, including Emmanuel Carrère, Emmanuel and Marina Carrère d'Encausse, Marina
Michel Serres

**Michel Serres** (1 September 1930 – 1 June 2019) was a French philosopher and author. In 1990, Serres was elected to the Académie française, in recognition of his position as one of France's most prominent intellectuals. He serves as a Professor of French at Stanford University.

Serres was a vocal supporter for freely accessible knowledge, especially Wikipedia.

Serres died on 1 June 2019 at the age of 88.

## Other websites

- Online Collaboration regarding Serres work
- art, writing: michel serres (1995) Interview with Serres by Hari Kunzru including a brief exchange on the relationship of Serres work to Deleuze.
- Steven Connor's website, with links to his writing on Serres
- Radio Interview  by Robert P. Harrison
- L'Académie française
- Serres speaking about wikipedia very enthusiastically
- Michel Serres, one of France's 'immortels,' tells the 'grand récit' at Stanford  by Cynthia Haven, Stanford Report, May 27, 2009.
- issuu.com

## Infobox (philosopher)

- **region**: Western Philosophy
- **era**: 20th-century philosophy
21st-century philosophy
- **image**: 16 Michel Serres librairie Dialogues 30 octobre 2014.JPG
- **caption**: Michel Serres in Brest, France, Brest, October 2014
- **name**: Michel Serres
- **birth place**: Agen, Lot-et-Garonne, France
- **alma mater**: École navale
École Normale Supérieure
- **institutions**: Stanford University
- **school tradition**: Continental philosophy
French epistemology
- **main interests**: Epistemology
Philosophy of science
- **notable ideas**: Hermes, the messenger of the gods, as standing for the communication that takes place between science and the arts
- **influences**: Gaston Bachelard
- **influenced**: Bruno Latour, Steven Connor, Pierre Lévy (philosopher), Pierre Lévy, Isabelle Stengers, Ilya Prigogine, Réda Benkirane
René de Obaldia

**René de Obaldia** (22 October 1918 – 27 January 2022) was a French playwright and poet. He was elected to the Académie française on 24 June 1999. He began his career in 1960. His first major play, "Génousie," was presented at the Théâtre national populaire.

This was followed by _Le Satyre de la Villette_, with André Barsacq at the Théâtre de l'Atelier, a comedy which ranked him with his literary forebears Jacques Audiberti, Ionesco, Beckett. He has been, for more than fifty years, one of the most-produced French playwrights on the planet, as well as the most internationally renowned (having been translated into 28 languages).

In 1985 he was awarded the Grand Prix du Théâtre de l’Académie Française.

De Obaldia died in Paris on 27 January 2022, at the age of 103.

## Other websites

- L'Académie française

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: René de Obaldia
- **image**: René de Obaldia.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **birth place**: Hong Kong
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **occupation**: Author
Playwright
Poet
- **nationality**: French
- **genre**: Play (theatre), Play
- **signature**: Signature Réné de Obaldia.jpg
Ethyl iodide

**Ethyl iodide** (also called **iodoethane**) is a colorless and flammable chemical compound. It has the chemical formula C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>I. It is prepared by heating ethanol with iodine and phosphorus.
Harshad number

In mathematics, a **harshad number** (also known as a **Niven number**) is an integer that is divisible by the sum of its digits in a given base. A harshad number in base n is called an **n-harshad number**.
Pierre Rosenberg

**Pierre Max Rosenberg**  (born 13 April 1936 in Paris) is a French art historian, curator, and professor. Rosenberg is the honorary president a director of the Musée du Louvre in Paris, and since 1995, he has held the 23rd seat of the Académie française. He was Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Cambridge in 1987.

## Other websites

- Académie française profile

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Pierre Rosenberg
- **birth name**: Pierre Max Rosenberg
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **nationality**: France, French
- **education**: École du Louvre
- **occupation**: Art historian
- **relatives**: Alain de Rothschild <small>(father-in-law)</small>
Éric de Rothschild <small>(brother-in-law)</small>
TG Norba 24

**TG Norba 24** is an Italian television channel. It is a 24-hour channel that only shows news. The channel is owned by Gruppo Norba.

The channel's format shows rolling news bulletins. These are updated every 15 minutes. It broadcasts live from 5am to midnight.

## Presenters

|align=left|*Enza Calitri *Maria Liuzzi *Annamaria Rosato *Grazia Rongo *Chiara Chiriatti *Donatella Azzone *Alessandro Miglietta *David V. Messina *Antonio Maiellaro *Antonio Procacci|width:20px||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left|*Antonio Lorusso *Matteo Spada *Alessio Casulli *Michele Frallonardo *Daniela Mazzacane *Claudia Carbonara *Gianvito Magistà *Maurizio Marangelli *Azzurra De Razza *Francesca Rodolfo|||

## Programming

- _Buon Pomeriggio_
- _TG Norba 24 Mattina_
- _TG Norba 24 Flash_
- _TG Norba 24 Pomeriggio_
- _TG Norba 24 Sera_
- _TG Norba 24 Lis_
- _TG Norba 24 Prima_
- _TG Norba 24 Sport_
- _TG Norba 24 Rassegna Stampa_
- _Meteo Telenorba_
- _Il Meteo_
- _Doctor TG24_
- _Il Fatto_ with Enzo Magistà
- _Il Tempo della fede_
- _Pillole I Colori della Nostra Terra_
- _Il Graffio_'
- _TG Norba 24 Buongiorno_
- _Astrabilia_

## Infobox (tv channel)

- **name**: TG Norba 24
- **logo**: Tg_norba24.png
- **logo size**: 300px
- **launch date**: October 25, 2010
- **picture format**: 1080i (High-definition television, HDTV)
576i (SDTV)
- **owner**: Gruppo Norba
- **country**: Italy
- **language**: Italian language, Italian
- **area**: Italy
- **sister channels**: Telenorba
Teledue
Radionorba TV
- **web**: http://www.tgnorba24.it/
- **terr serv 1**: Telenorba 1
- **terr chan 1**: Channel 180
- **sat serv 1**: Sky Italia
- **sat chan 1**: Channel 510
- **online serv 1**: Official website
- **online chan 1**: [https://tgnorba24.it Watch live] (with Adobe Flash)
Dominique Fernandez

**Dominique Fernandez** (born on 25 August 1929) is a French writer of novels, essays and travel books. Much of his writing explores homosexual experience and creativity. In 1982 he won the Prix Goncourt for his novel about Pier Paolo Pasolini. He was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine.

In 2007, he was elected a  member of the Académie française.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dominique Fernandez
- **image**: Dominique Fernandez-FIG 2009(2).jpg
- **caption**: Dominique Fernandez in 2009
- **birth place**: Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
- **alma mater**: École Normale Supérieure
- **occupation**: Writer
Pierre Nora

**Pierre Nora** (17 November 1931 – 2 June 2025) was a French historian. He was elected to the Académie française on 7 June 2001. He was known for his work on French identity and memory. His name is associated with the study of new history. He was the brother of the late Simon Nora, former French officer.

From 1965 to 1977 he was first assistant and then lecturer at the _Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris_ (Paris Institute of Political Science). From 1977 he was the director of studies at the _École des hautes études en sciences sociales_ (School of higher studies in social sciences).

Nora died on 2 June 2025 in Paris, France at the age of 93.

## Other websites

- L'Académie française
- Biographical note of the l'Académie française
- Catalogue of the Collection Archives of Gallimard Julliard  (founded by Pierre Nora in 1964)
- Conference of Pierre Nora in Blois on 15 October 2005
- Building a Collective Consciousness on a National Scale: Jewish Historian Pierre Nora Defined What’s Quintessentially French by Benjamin Ivry from The Jewish Daily Forward, issue of 17 June 2011.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Pierre Nora
- **image**: Pierre Nora.JPG
- **caption**: Pierre Nora in June 2011
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **occupation**: Historian
- **nationality**: France, French
- **known for**: Member of the Académie française
François Cheng

**François Cheng** (, born 30 August 1929) is a Chinese-born French academician, writer, poet and calligrapher. He is the author of essays, novels, collections of poetry and books on art written in the French language, and the translator of some of the great French poets into Chinese.

Born in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. He became a French citizen in 1973. He was elected to the Académie française in 2002, and was the first person of Asian origin to be a member of the Academy. He was the winner of the 1998 Prix Femina for _Le Dit de Tianyi_ ("_The Tale of Tianyi_") (pub. Albin Michel, Paris, 1998).

## Other websites

- Biography on the Académie française website
Yves Pouliquen

**Yves Pouliquen** (born 17 February 1931) is a French physician. His work has been dedicated to the pathology of the cornea.

In 1992, he was made a member of the Académie nationale de médecine.  In 1994 he was awarded the Prix mondial Cino Del Duca and on 29 November 2001 he was elected to the Académie française.

Since 2006, he is the president of the Fondation Singer-Polignac.

## Other websites

- L'Académie française
- Yves Pouliquen lutte contre la cécité en Afrique – _Le Figaro_
- Publications  by _Odile Jacob_

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Yves Pouliquen
- **image**: YvesPouliquen2019.jpg
- **caption**: at the Académie française, 2019
- **birth place**: Mortain, France
- **nationality**: France, French
- **occupation**: Physician
- **alma mater**: University of Paris
- **known for**: Member of the Académie française
Max Gallo

**Max Gallo** (; 7 January 1932 – 18 July 2017) was a French writer, historian and politician.

His parents were Italian immigrants. Gallo's early career was in journalism. At the time he was a Communist (until 1956). In 1974, he joined the Socialist Party.

On April 26, 2007, he became a candidate to become a member of the Académie française. He was elected to the Académie française on 31 May 2007.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Max Gallo
- **image**: Max Gallo 14 mars 2009.jpg
- **caption**: Max Gallo (2009)
- **birth place**: Nice, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **death cause**: Laryngeal cancer
- **occupation**: Historian
- **known for**: Member of the Académie française
André Lafargue

**André Lafargue** (2 July 1917 – 18 July 2017) was a French journalist and theatre critic. He turned 100 in July 2017, two weeks before his death. Lafargue began writing for _Paris-Matin_, later known as _Ce matin, le pays_, in 1947. A year later, he joined the _Parisien libéré_, later known as _Le Parisien_, in 1948. In the 1970s, he was the founding contributor of the theatre reviews in the newspaper. He retired in 1987.

Lafargue died on 18 July 2017 in Paris at the age of 100.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: André Lafargue
- **image**: André lafargue 2012.jpg
- **caption**: André Lafargue in 2012
- **birth name**: Jean André Lafargue
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **alma mater**: Sciences Po
- **occupation**: Journalist
- **spouse**: ; his death
- **children**: 1 son, 1 daughter
- **parents**: Jean Lafargue
Florence
Andrew Paulson

**Andrew Paulson** (November 13, 1958 – July 18, 2017) was an American entrepreneur. He was the son of noted American professor Ronald Paulson. His business career was mainly established in Russia.

Shortly after the Russian financial crisis of August 1998, Paulson, together with Anton Kudryashov and Ilya Tsentsiper, founded Afisha, an entertainment and listings magazine that became the cultural touchstone of Moscow and St. Petersburg. In 2006, Paulson with Alexander Mamut founded SUP Media, which became Russia’s largest online media company, consisting of LiveJournal.

Paulson died on July 18, 2017 from lung cancer, at the age of 59.
Ronald Paulson

**Ronald Paulson** (May 27, 1930 – August 7, 2024) was an American professor of English, a specialist in English 18th-century art and culture, and English artist William Hogarth.

Paulson taught and held many administrative positions at several universities in the United States, including the University of Illinois from 1959 to 1963 and Rice University from 1963 to 1967. He was the Chairman of the Johns Hopkins University English Department from 1967 to 1975. From 1975 to 1984 he was a professor at Yale University and served as the Director of Graduate Studies in the English Department from 1976 to 1983 and the Director of the British Studies Program from 1976 to 1984.

Paulson was born in Bottineau, North Dakota. He studied at Yale University. His son, Andrew, was a businessman made in Russia.

He was a member of the editorial board of the academic journal _ELH: English Literary History_ and was senior editor from 1985 to 2004; he served on the editorial boards of the journals _Studies in English Literature_; PMLA; _Eighteenth-Century Studies_; and the Johns Hopkins University Press.

Paulson died in Baltimore, Maryland on August 7, 2024, at the age of 94.
María Amuchástegui

**María Amuchástegui** (16 January 1953 – 19 July 2017) was an Argentine television fitness instructor, ballerina, and singer. She was born in Buenos Aires. She became well known in Argentina in the 1980s. Her best known morning fitness shows were _Buen día Salud_ and _Buen Día, María_, both were made in the 1980s. She was also a singer. Her best known work was the 2006 song "Camino de espejos".

Amuchástegui died in Buenos Aires on 19 July 2017 of a stroke and lung cancer at the age of 64.
Miguel Blesa

**Miguel Blesa de la Parra** (8 August 1947 – 19 July 2017) was a Spanish banker. He was the chairman of the Spanish bank Caja Madrid from 1996 to 2010. He was born in Linares, Jaén, Spain.

In February 2017, Blesa received a six-year jail term in connection with the misuse of company credit cards. Cards were misused by a number of people, including Blesa himself, during the many years he was chairman of Caja Madrid.

Blesa was found dead on a private hunting estate near Córdoba, Spain on 19 July 2017, with a shotgun wound to the chest at the age of 69.
Jake Butcher

**Jacob Franklin Butcher** (1936 – July 19, 2017) was an American banker and politician. He built a financial empire in East Tennessee. He was the Democratic Party nominee for governor of Tennessee in 1978. He was known for his promotion of the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville, Tennessee. He lost his business and his personal fortune after he was found to have engaged in massive fraud.

Butcher died in Atlanta, Georgia on July 19, 2017 at the age of 81.

## Other websites

- Jacob Franklin "Jake" Butcher, _Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture_, 2009

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jake Butcher
- **image**: Butcher and Mondale - Expo 82.jpg
- **birth name**: Jacob Franklin Butcher
- **birth date**: 1936
- **birth place**: Union County, Tennessee, Union County, Tennessee, U.S.
- **death date**: (aged 81)
- **death place**: Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **alma mater**: University of Tennessee
 Hiwassee College
- **occupation**: former banker and politician
- **known for**: convicted fraudster
- **spouse**: Sonya Wilde
- **children**: 4
- **parents**: Cecil H. Butcher, Sr.
Sonny West

**Sonny West** (**Delbert West, Jr.**; July 5, 1937 – May 24, 2017) was an American actor and stunt performer. He was born in Memphis, Tennessee.

West was known for being a friend and bodyguard of the late singer Elvis Presley with his cousin Red West for sixteen years. He was part of the Elvis entourage at the Elvis Memphis home Graceland, which became known as 'The Memphis Mafia'.

Before and after Elvis' passing, West wrote several books, and made public appearances at Elvis related conventions and gatherings, speaking out on his time working for Presley and their relationship.

West died of lung and oropharyngeal cancer (tonsil cancer) in Hendersonville, Tennessee on May 24, 2017, aged 79.

## Other websites

- 2005 Sonny West clip on what Elvis was like when he wasn't performing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYZVHFJnXNo
Oropharyngeal cancer

**Oropharyngeal cancer** is a disease in which malignant cells form in the tissue of oropharynx. The oropharynx is the middle part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.

Oropharyngeal cancers can be divided into two types, HPV-positive, which are related to human papillomavirus infection, and HPV-negative cancers, which are usually linked to alcohol or tobacco use.
Blaoui Houari

**Blaoui Houari** (23 January 1926 – 19 July 2017) was an Algerian singer-songwriter, composer and conductor. During his career, he recorded over 900 songs and released over 100 albums. Houari was born in Oran, Western Algeria, then French Algeria. Houari began his career as a singer-songwriter in the 1940.

During the Algerian War, Houari was arrested by the French army and detained in Sig for his pro-Algerian songs. When Algeria became an independent nation in 1962, he became the head of Oran's public radio and television stations. In 1970, he conducted the Algerian National Orchestra at Expo '70 in Osaka, Japan.

Houari died on 19 July 2017 in Oran of a heart attack at the age of 91.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Blaoui Houari
- **image**: Blaoui Houari.jpg
- **birth place**: Oran, French Algeria (now Algeria)
- **death place**: Oran, Algeria
- **resting place**: Ain El Beida cemetery, Oran, Algeria
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, composer, conductor
Alexei Leonov

**Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov** (**Алексе́й Архи́пович Лео́нов**) (30 May 1934 – 11 October 2019) was a Soviet/Russian cosmonaut, Air Force Major general, writer and artist. On 18 March 1965, he became the first human to conduct extravehicular activity (EVA), exiting the capsule during the Voskhod 2 mission for a 12-minute spacewalk. He was born in Listvyanka, West Siberian Krai, Soviet Union.

Leonov died on 11 October 2019 from diabetes-related problems. He was 85. He was the last survivor of the cosmonauts in the Voskhod programme.

## Other websites

- A video of his spacewalk
- The Voskhod 2 mission revisited
- Science fiction art by Leonov and Sokolov. Extensive gallery, with annotation.
- could see Armstrong bouncing on the moon" – Alexey Leonov
- The official website of the city administration Baikonur - Honorary citizens of Baikonur
- Alexeï Léonov, the Spacewalker, Vladimir Kozlov's film, France-Russia, 2011

## Infobox (astronaut)

- **name**: Alexei Leonov
- **image**: Aleksey Leonov ASTP - cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Leonov in 1974
- **type**: Cosmonaut
- **nationality**: Russians, Russian
- **birth place**: Listvyanka, Tisulsky District, Kemerovo Oblast, Listvyanka, West Siberian Krai, Soviet Union
- **death place**: Moscow, Russia
- **rank**: Major General, Soviet Air Force
- **time**: 7 days and 32 minutes
- **selection**: List of astronauts by selection#1960, Air Force Group 1
- **eva1**: 1
- **eva2**: 12 minutes and 9 seconds
- **insignia**:
- **awards**: Hero of the Soviet Union (twice)
- **birth name**: Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov
- **native name**: Алексе́й Архи́пович Лео́нов
- **native name lang**: Russian
Guru Amar Das

**Guru Amar Das** (5 May 1479 – 1 September 1574) was the third of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism. He became Sikh Guru on 26 March 1552 at age 73.
Pak Beng Dam

The **Pak Beng Dam** is a project to build a hydroelectric power plant and a dam on the Mekong river - inside Laos. It is a planned project (as of 2025). Construction [had earlier, been] scheduled to start in 2022, according to the website of NS Energy.

As of November 2020, Laos [was] doing evaluations on potential (or possible) impact on the environment; at the same time Laos has [temporarily delayed, or] suspended the project [or other work on the project], media said in January 2021.

Laos "has already begun preparatory work for the 912-megawatt Pak Beng dam in the northern province of Oudomxay, according to an article in Seattle Times in 2016.

The project is going to be funded by the Chinese company, Datang Overseas Investment.

## Lawsuit in Thailand

In 2021, a court of appeal in Thailand rejected an appeal for petition against the dam.

Previously, people living in eight Thai provinces along the Mekong River have been suing [since June 2017] state agencies [in Thailand] because they say that there wasn't enough public participation in planning for the Pak Beng hydropower dam, which is being built by Laos.
Dunderland (concentration camp)

**Dunderland** was a Nazi concentration camp in Norway during World War II. It was located in Dunderlandsdalen, a valley in Rana. As of May 1945, it had between 477 and 481 prisoners. The camp's purpose was to make prisoners do forced labor on the Nordland Line.

In 2017, a government agency called the Directorate for Cultural Heritage ordered the remains of the concentration camp to be preserved.

## Prisoners

On 14 May 1945, a medical doctor named Dag Fodstad described the camp's prisoners as "477 Russians, of which 330 are sick[.] 40 of them have tuberculosis, many with oedema, [and] 100 are strongly fatigued".

## Related pages

- Occupation government's prison camps in Norway during World War II
- Nazi concentration camps
- Nazi Germany
- World War II
Perambalur district

**Perambalur district** is an administrative district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The district headquarters is located at Perambalur. The district occupies an area of 1,752 km².  565,223 people lived there with 1,003 females for every 1,000 males in 2011.

Perambalur district is a centrally located inland district of Tamil Nadu. It was trifurcated (thrice-divided) from Tiruchirappalli district and was formed on 1 November 1995. The district is bounded by Cuddalore district in the north, Tiruchirappalli district in the south, Ariyalur in the east and Namakkal and Tiruchirappalli districts in the west.

According to the 2011 census, the sex-ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males was much above the national average of 929. A total of 59,567 were under the age of six,  31,135 males and 28,432 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 31.01% and .46% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 66.49%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The district had a total of 149,243 households. There were a total of 299,726 workers, comprising 107,542 cultivators, 91,135 main agricultural labourers, 4,365 in household industries, 52,055 other workers, 44,629 marginal workers, 9,762 marginal cultivators, 27,143 marginal agricultural labourers, 978 marginal workers in household industries and 6,746 other marginal workers.
Perambalur

**Perambalur** is a municipality town in the state of Tamil Nadu . It is the administrative headquarters of Perambalur district and Perambalur Taluk (Sub-District). Perambalur is the central town of Tamil Nadu. Perambalur district is bounded on the North by Cuddalore and Salem, South by Trichy, East by Ariyalur, West by Trichy and Salem. As of 2011 census, the town had a population of 49,648. There are a set of 11th century Buddhists images around the villages of Perambalur called Perambalur Buddhas.

## Population

According to 2011 census, Perambalur had a population of 49,648 with a sex-ratio of 1,013 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 5,190 were under the age of six, constituting 2,678 males and 2,512 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 29.43% and .29% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 80.77%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 12732 households. There were a total of 18,430 workers, comprising 998 cultivators, 1,746 main agricultural labourers, 364 in house hold industries, 13,762 other workers, 1,560 marginal workers, 49 marginal cultivators, 390 marginal agricultural labourers, 78 marginal workers in household industries and 1,043 other marginal workers. As per the religious census of 2011, Perambalur had 86.94% Hindus, 9.29% Muslims, 3.6% Christians, 0.01% Sikhs, 0.01% Buddhists, 0.0% Jains, 0.12% following other religions and 0.03% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.
Perambalur taluk

**Perambalur taluk** is a taluk of Perambalur district in Tamil Nadu, India. Its headquarters is the town of Perambalur. Perambalur taluk comprises the town of Perambalur and 27 revenue villages.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Perambalur had a population of 161,993 with 81,313 males and 80,680 females. There were 992 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 73.87. Child population in the age group below 6 was 7,704 males and 7,054 females.
Ariyalur district

The **Ariyalur District** is an administrative district in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The district headquarters is  at Ariyalur. The district area is 1,949.31 km² and population was 752,481 at the 2011 census.

Ariyalur is noted for its cement industries and has huge reserves of lignite. Gangaikonda Cholapuram built by the King Rajendra Cholan of Chola Empire, an UNESCO World Heritage site is in the district. This district is also known for its rich prehistoric fossils. Many fossils of gigantic Molluscs, Jawed fishes were discovered here. Notably, The Rajasaurus, an Indian dinosaur genus was identified here.

According to the 2011 census Ariyalur district has a population of 752,481, roughly equal to the nation of Guyana or the U.S. state of Alaska. This gives it a ranking of 491st in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 387 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,000/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 8.19%.As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of Tamil Nadu (out of 32), after Perambalur and Nilgiris.

The district became famous in 2008, when theft of 8 idols were discovered from a 9th-century Chola Brahadeeswarar Temple at gangai konda cholapuram was discovered by Archaeological Survey of India(ASI) Government of India officials. One of these idols, the Sripuranthan Natarajan Idol found its way to the National Gallery of Australia. Two of the stolen statues were later returned and are now displayed in the Government Museum at Kumbakonam.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ariyalur District
- **other name**: Ariyalur Mavattam
- **settlement type**: District
- **image map**: Ariyalur in Tamil Nadu (India).svg
- **map caption**: Location in Tamil Nadu, India
- **image skyline**: Ranga Mandapam Ruins, Gangaikonda Cholapuram.jpg
- **image caption**: 10th Century Chola dynasty, Chola monuments at Gangaikonda Cholapuram
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Tamil Nadu
- **parts type**: Taluka, Taluks
- **parts**: Ariyalur taluk, Ariyalur
 Sendurai taluk, Sendurai
 Udayarpalayam taluk, Udayarpalayam
- **seat type**: Headquarters
- **seat**: Ariyalur
- **leader title1**: District magistrate, Collector
- **leader name1**: P. Ramana Saraswathi, Indian Administrative Service, IAS
- **leader title2**: Superintendent of police (India), SP
- **leader name2**: Dr. Abinav Kumar Indian Police Service, IPS
- **area total km2**: 1949.31
- **population total**: 752481
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Tamil language, Tamil
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **registration plate**: TN 61
Ariyalur

**Ariyalur** is a town and district headquarters of Ariyalur district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu and rich lime stone and surrounded with five cement factory and two suger factory. It is the smallest district headquarters in Tamil Nadu. The town is a part of the fertile Cauvery Delta and the major profession in the town is agriculture.

Ariyalur is administered by a municipality established in 1994. As of 2011, the municipality covered an area of 7.62 km2 (2.94 sq mi) and had a population of 28,902. Ariyalur comes under the Ariyalur assembly constituency which elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years and it is a part of the Chidambaram constituency which elects its Member of Parliament (MP) once in five years.

## Demographics

According to 2011 census, Ariyalur had a population of 28,902 with a sex-ratio of 1,014 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 2,977 were under the age of six, constituting 1,538 males and 1,439 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 11.26% and .03% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 76.04%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of : 7319 households. There were a total of 10,283 workers, comprising 315 cultivators, 670 main agricultural labourers, 298 in house hold industries, 7,165 other workers, 1,835 marginal workers, 159 marginal cultivators, 175 marginal agricultural labourers, 150 marginal workers in household industries and 1,351 other marginal workers. As of 2008, there were a total of eight notified slums, with 5,907 comprising 21% of the total population residing in those. As per the religious census of 2011, Ariyalur had 90.55% Hindus, 4.61% Muslims, 3.81% Christians, 0.02% Sikhs, 0.01% Buddhists, 0.01% Jains, 0.97% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.
Ariyalur taluk

**Ariyalur taluk** is a taluk of Ariyalur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Ariyalur.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Ariyalur had a population of 255,749 with 126,931 males and 128,818 females. There were 1,015 women for every 1,000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 64.54. Child population in the age group below 6 was 13,812 males and 12,795 females.
Nathan Arenas

**Nathan Alejandro Arenas** (born September 30, 2005) is an American child actor. He auditioned for his very first role ever, like co-star Nina Lu, in the Disney Channel series _BUNK'D_ (a spinoff of _Jessie_) as Jorge. He also played Robbie in the ABC Studios TV series _Criminal Minds_ and Danny in the Disney+ series Diary of a Future President. Arenas is of Mexican descent.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nathan Arenas
- **birth name**: Nathan Alejandro Arenas
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 2015-present
Ulfberht

**Ulfberht** is a transcription of «+VLFBERH+T», and has become the name of some swords found from the 8th century to the 11th century.

Around 170 swords have been found, that have the phrase «+VLFBERH+T», or variations of that, built into the sword. Perhaps «+VLFBERH+T» is a trademark or a family name.

## Swords with _+VLFBERH+T_

- In Gemany, the Sword of Grossenwieden was found in 2012.
Kenneth Jay Lane

**Kenneth Jay Lane** (April 22, 1932 – July 20, 2017) was an American costume jewelry designer. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. Lane started designing jewelry and launched his business in 1963 whilst producing bejeweled footwear for Dior and Arnold Scaasi. In 1966 Lane was awarded a special Coty Award for his jewelry design. He also won the Neiman Marcus Fashion Award in 1968.

Lane died in his sleep at his Manhattan apartment on July 20, 2017 at the age of 85.

## Other websites

- Personal website
José Bragato

**José Bragato** (12 October 1915 – 18 July 2017) was an Italian-born Argentine cellist, composer, conductor, arranger and musical archivist. He was born in Udine, Italy.

In his early career, was principal cellist in the Colón Theatre orchestra in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Apart from his involvement in classical music he also performed for many years in a number of Ástor Piazzolla's _Nuevo tango_ (New tango) ensembles where his cello solos, which had never before featured in tango, put him in the vanguard of _Nuevo tango_ from its birth in the 1950s.  Since then he has done numerous and varied arrangements of Piazzolla's compositions.

Bragato died on 18 July 2017 in Buenos Aires at the age of 101.

## Other websites

- Todo Tango: Bragato
- José Bragato y familia (blog)
Michel Aurillac

**Michel Aurillac** (11 July 1928 – 6 July 2017) was a French lawyer, politician and author. He served as a member of the National Assembly for Indre from 1978 to 1981, and in 1986. He was the Minister of Cooperation from 1986 to 1988. He won the 1987 Prix Narcisse Michaut from the Académie française.

Aurillac died on 6 July 2017 in Indre, France at the age of 88.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Michel Aurillac
- **birth date**: 11 July 1928
- **birth place**: Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, France
- **death date**: 6 July 2017 (aged 88)
- **death place**: Indre (department), Indre, France
- **alma mater**: Sciences Po
École nationale d'administration
- **occupation**: Lawyer, politician, author
- **party**: Rally for the Republic
- **spouse**: Martine Aurillac
Ralph Regula

**Ralph Straus Regula** (December 3, 1924 — July 19, 2017) was an American politician. He served as the United States Representative for Ohio's 16th congressional district from 1973 to 2009. He retired in January 2009 after 18 consecutive terms. He was a member of the Republican Party.

In the 110th Congress (2007–2009), he was the second longest serving Republican member of the House of Representatives (after Bill Young of Florida).

Regula died in Bethlehem Township, Stark County, Ohio on July 19, 2017 at the age of 92.

## Other websites

Links formerly displayed via the CongLinks template:
- Financial information (federal office) at OpenSecrets.org
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ralph Regula
- **image**: Ralph Regula congressional portrait.jpg
- **birth name**: Ralph Straus Regula
- **birth place**: Beach City, Ohio
- **death place**: Bethlehem Township, Stark County, Ohio
- **state**: Ohio
- **district**: Ohio's 16th congressional district, 16th
- **term start**: January 3, 1973
- **term end**: January 3, 2009
- **preceded**: Frank Bow
- **succeeded**: John Boccieri
- **state senate2**: Ohio
- **state2**: Ohio
- **district2**: 29th
- **term2**: January 3, 1967–January 3, 1973
- **preceded2**: _Districts Created_
- **succeeded2**: Richard Reichel
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Mary Regula (b. 1926)
- **occupation**: Attorney
- **alma mater**: Mount Union College, William McKinley School of Law
- **branch**: United States Navy
- **serviceyears**: 1944–1946
Marco Aurélio Garcia

**Marco Aurélio Garcia**, (22 June 1941 – 20 July 2017) was a Brazilian politician. He was a member of the Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores). He was a Professor of Latin American History on leave from UNICAMP University and a left idealist.  He was previously professor at the Latin American Social Science Faculty of the University of Chile and of the Paris-VIII and Paris-X universities. He was born in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Aurélio Garcia died on 20 July 2017 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil of a heart attack, aged 76.
John McCluskey, Baron McCluskey

**John Herbert McCluskey, Baron McCluskey** (12 June 1929 – 20 July 2017) was a Scottish lawyer, judge and politician. He served as Solicitor General for Scotland, the country's junior Law Officer from 1974 to 1979, and as a Senator of the College of Justice, a judge of Scotland's Supreme Courts, from 1984 to 2004. He was also member of the House of Lords from 1976 until his retirement in 2017.

## Other websites

- Hansard archives
- UK Parliament website
- alibris.com
- _The Herald_ article on Baron McCluskey
- _The Telegraph_ article on Baron McCluskey
Jonathan Shurberg

**Jonathan Seth Shurberg** (March 27, 1963 – July 18, 2017) was an American attorney and community advocate of Jewish descent. He was the 2014 Democratic Party candidate for state delegate. He was a practicing lawyer for over twenty years, and was active in Maryland politics from 2002 until his death.

Over the course of his political career, Shurberg fought for the voting rights of minorities and young people, the civil rights of LGBT individuals, and for pro-choice causes. Shurberg served on the board of Planned Parenthood of Metropolitan Washington, D.C Action Fund, and his 2014 campaign for delegate was endorsed by NARAL Maryland Pro-Choice PAC and Planned Parenthood of Metropolitan Washington, D.C. Action Fund, as well as _The Gazette_.

Shurberg died on July 18, 2017 in Silver Spring, Maryland from a long-illness at the age of 54.

## Other websites

- Campaign website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jonathan Shurberg
- **image**: File:Jonathan Shurberg.jpg
- **caption**: Jonathan Shurberg, 2014 Candidate for State Delegate, District 20
- **birth name**: Jonathan Seth Shurberg
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- **death place**: Silver Spring, Maryland
- **alma mater**: B.A Georgetown University
 J.D Washington College of Law at American University, American University
- **occupation**: Trial Lawyer, Politician
- **known for**: Candidate for State Delegate, 2014 Maryland Democratic Primary Election
- **spouse**: Rebecca Lord (deceased)
Grady Little

**William Grady Little** (born March 30, 1950) is a former baseball manager. He was the manager of two Major League Baseball teams. He managed the Boston Red Sox in 2002 and 2003, and the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2006 and 2007.

## Other websites

- Managerial record at Baseball-Reference.com
Departments of Uruguay

**Uruguay** has 19 **departments**. Each department has an **Intendant** (similar to a Governor in other countries) elected for a period of 5 years and who is in charge of the public businesses of the department. There is also a Departmental Council ().

|Code|Department|Capital|Population <small>(2011)</small>|Area <small>(km²)</small>|Density <small>(Inh./km²)</small>||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|UY-AR|Artigas|align="left"|Artigas||||
|UY-CA|Canelones|style="text-align:left;"|Canelones||||
|UY-CL|Cerro Largo|style="text-align:left;"|Melo||||
|UY-CO|Colonia|style="text-align:left;"|Colonia del Sacramento||||
|UY-DU|Durazno|style="text-align:left;"|Durazno||||
|UY-FS|Flores|style="text-align:left;"|Trinidad||||
|UY-FD|Florida|style="text-align:left;"|Florida||||
|UY-LA|Lavalleja|style="text-align:left;"|Minas||||
|UY-MA|Maldonado|style="text-align:left;"|Maldonado||||
|UY-MO|Montevideo|style="text-align:left;"|Montevideo||||
|UY-PA|Paysandú|style="text-align:left;"|Paysandú||||
|UY-RN|Río Negro|style="text-align:left;"|Fray Bentos||||
|UY-RV|Rivera|style="text-align:left;"|Rivera||||
|UY-RO|Rocha|style="text-align:left;"|Rocha||||
|UY-SA|Salto|style="text-align:left;"|Salto||||
|UY-SJ|San José|style="text-align:left;"|San José de Mayo||||
|UY-SO|Soriano|style="text-align:left;"|Mercedes||||
|UY-TA|Tacuarembó|align="left"|Tacuarembó||||
|UY-TT|Treinta y Tres|align="left"|Treinta y Tres||||

## Related pages

- ISO 3166-2:UY

## Other websites

- Statoids - Departments of Uruguay
Animal Jam Classic

***Animal Jam Classic***, formerly known as ***Animal Jam*** is a virtual world made by WildWorks and the National Geographic Society. Many of the players in Animal Jam are children and teenagers. According to the WildWorks website, the game has about 160 million players. The game is free to play, but to be able to receive all the things _Animal Jam Classic_ has to offer, a membership needs to be purchased online or through a store-purchased gift card.

In _Animal Jam Classic_, players can do activities like playing games, making friends, and decorating their dens and animals. They also learn facts about science, especially in the field of zoology, the study of animals. _Animal Jam Classic_ takes place in a world called Jamaa, and each player is known in the game as a Jammer.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Animal Jam Classic
- **caption**: ''
- **developer**: WildWorks
- **publisher**: WildWorks
- **engine**: Adobe Flash
- **platforms**: Microsoft Windows, Windows, macOS, formerly Adobe Flash Player, Flash Player
- **genre**: Massively multiplayer online game, MMO, Educational video game, Education
- **release**: September 9, 2010
ISO 3166-2:UY

**ISO 3166-2:UY** is the entry for Uruguay in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces, departments or states) of all countries that are in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Uruguay, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for the 19 departments.

Each code has of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the second part is two letters.

## Current codes

Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).

|Code|Subdivision name|
| --- | --- |
||Artigas|
||Canelones|
||Cerro Largo|
||Colonia|
||Durazno|
||Flores|
||Florida|
||Lavalleja|
||Maldonado|
||Montevideo|
||Paysandú|
||Río Negro|
||Rivera|
||Rocha|
||Salto|
||San José|
||Soriano|
||Tacuarembó|
||Treinta y Tres|

## Related pages

- Departments of Uruguay

## Other websites

- ISO Online Browsing Platform: UY
- Departments of Uruguay, Statoids.com
Heukseok Station

**Heukseok(Chung-Ang University) Station** is a train station of Seoul Subway Line 9, in Dongjak District, Seoul, South Korea.

## Argument about Station name

When deciding station name of Line 9, Chung-Ang Univeristy, located near Heukseok Station, suggested the station name as "Chung-Ang University Station"() or "Chung-Ang University·Heukseok Station"(), but station name is decided as "Heukseok Station".

Later, Seoul Government changed that decision, and add "Chung-Ang University" in station name. So, final station name is decided as "**Heukseok (Chung-Ang University)**" ().

## History

- May 1, 2008 : Station name decided as **Heukseok Station**
- September 18, 2008 : Name changed to **Heukseok(Chung-Ang University) Station**
- July 24, 2009 : Opened with opening of Seoul Subway Line 9 Gaehwa - Sinnonhyeon

## Passenger count

Data of 2009 is calculated from July 24 (First Opened) ~ December 31.
|rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Line|colspan="7"|People per day (people/day)|rowspan="2" style="width: 1.2em; white-space: normal;"|References|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan=2|Line 9|Get on|5,506|7,195|8,466|9,758|10,927|11,564|11,255|rowspan=2||
|Get off|5,523|7,227|8,482|9,876|11,117|11,792|11,466|||||

## Infobox (station)

- **hangul**: ()
- **hanja**: ()
- **rr**: Heukseongnyeok
- **mr**: Hŭksŏngnyŏk
- **image**: Heukseok Station Line9 Exit.jpg
- **caption**: Exit 3
- **address**: 115-1 Heukseok-dong
 Dongjak-gu, Seoul
- **operator**: Seoul Metro Line 9 Corporation
- **platforms**: 2 (2 side platforms)
- **tracks**: 2
- **bus routes**: <span style="color:deepskyblue;"> 6000 6016 </span>
- **structure**: Underground
- **years**: June 24, 2009
- **events**: opened
Graphic pejoratives in written Chinese

Some Chinese characters for non-Chinese people were racist insults where the words themselves were not the insults, but the characters chosen to write them were. These characters chosen to racially insult people are called **graphic pejoratives**.

## History

An example of this is the name of the Yao people. The name of the Yao people, who are native to southwest China and Vietnam, used to be written as 猺 (_Yáo_), which means "jackal". However, when China made language reforms in the 20th century, the name of the Yao people was changed to 瑶, which has the exact same pronunciation, but the character means "jade".

Another example is Japan's original name. Before Japan chose its own name, the Chinese called the Japanese 倭 (_Wō_), which is pronounced _Wa_ in Japanese and it means "dwarf; subservience". However, the Japanese thought the name the Chinese gave them was insulting, so the Japanese changed the Chinese exonym to 和, which has the same pronunciation as 倭 in Japanese but means "harmony", and the Japanese chose to call their own country 日本, which is pronounced _Nippon_ or _Nihon_ in Japanese and it means "origin of the sun".