juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mitsubishi A5M Claude

The **A5M Claude** was a Japanese fighter aircraft made by Mitsubishi. It first flew in 1935 and was introduced in 1937. It was the first monoplane (fixed-wing aircraft with one set of wings) that could work from an aircraft carrier. It was similar to the P-26 Peashooter, an American monoplane fighter. It fought in the second Sino-Japanese War. After the Pearl Harbor attacks, it was not good enough to fight against American fighters like the Curtiss P-40 and the F4F Wildcat, so it was replaced by the A6M Zero.

Near the end of WW2, many A5M’s were pulled out of retirement to be used as suicidal kamikaze aircraft.

## Related pages

- A6M Zero
Independent Women Part I

|align="center" bgcolor="khaki" colspan="3"|Independent Women Part I|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center" colspan="3"||||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|August 10, 2000|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|R&B|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|Columbia Records|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|Beyoncé Knowles, Sam Barnes, Jean-Claude Olivier, Cory Rooney|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|Beyoncé Knowles, Cory Rooney, Poke & Tone|||||
|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Jumpin' Jumpin' (2000r.)</small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Independent Women Part I </small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Survivor (2001r.)</small>|
|align="center" valign="top"|<small> </small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Independent Women Part I (1)</small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Survivor (2)</small>|
|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Stand Up for Love (1)</small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Independent Women Part I (2)</small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Survivor (3)</small>|
"**Independent Women (Part I)**" is an R&B song written by American singer-songwriter Beyoncé Knowles, Sam Barnes, Jen-Claude Olivier, and Cory Rooney for Destiny's Child's third studio album, _Survivor_ (2001), only considered as a bonus track. It was produced by Knowles, Rooney, and Poke & Tone and first appeared on the soundtrack to the film _Charlie's Angels_. Released as both the soundtrack's and album's first single in fall 2000, the song held the number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for eleven consecutive weeks from November 2000 to February 2001. Although, for the United Kingdom, it was released on the same day, with both Part I and Part II counting as the song release.

The music video was directed by Francis Lawrence. At the end, the women are greeted by the ever-mysterious "Charlie".

## Credits and personnel

- Lead vocals: Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland
- Vocal production - Beyoncé Knowles
- Recorded by Manelich Sotolongo at Lobo Studios, Deer Park, New York
- Additional recording by Troy Gonzalez, Ramon Morales at TK Studios, Hawaii
- Audio mixing - Rich Travali
- Mastered by Tom Coyne
- Former Vocals by Farrah Franklin

## Official versions

- "Independent Women Part I" (Liquid 360 Dark Angel Mix)
- "Independent Women Part I" (Skratch Attack Mix)
- "Independent Women Part I" (A Cappella)
- "Independent Women Part I" (Joe's Smooth 200 2Step Mix)
- "Independent Women Part I" (Joe's Smooth Jazz Carnival Mix)
- "Independent Women Part I" (Maurice's Independent Remix)
- "Independent Women Part I" (Maurice's Radio Mix)
- "Independent Women Part I" (Victor Calderone Club Remix)
- "Independent Women Part I" (Victor Calderone Drum Dub Remix)
- "Independent Women Part I" (Instrumental)
- "Independent Women Part I" (Let It All Blow Remix)
- "Independent Women Part II" (Instrumental)
Loretta Spencer

**Loretta Purdy Spencer** was the mayor of Huntsville, Alabama.  Her first term began October 4, 1996. Her last term ended on November 3, 2008. Spencer is the first woman to be elected mayor of Huntsville.
Tuscaloosa, Alabama

**Tuscaloosa** is a city and county seat of Tuscaloosa County, Alabama. Tuscaloosa has a population of about 100,000 people and a metro population of about 270,000 people. Tuscaloosa has an area of about . It sits at a height of .

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Tuscaloosa, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: File:Tuscaloosa Greensboro Avenue.jpg
- **imagesize**: 277px
- **image caption**: View of Downtown Tuscaloosa from Greensboro Avenue
- **nickname**: Druid City, T-Town, City of Champions
- **motto**: "Together we can build a bridge to the future."
- **image map**: File:Tuscaloosa County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Tuscaloosa Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Tuscaloosa in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name2**: Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, Tuscaloosa
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: December 13, 1819
- **government type**: Mayor-council government, Mayor-Council
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 72.02
- **area land sq mi**: 61.94
- **area water sq mi**: 10.07
- **elevation ft**: 222
- **population total**: 99600
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population rank**: Alabama: 5th
- **population density sq mi**: 1607.93
- **population urban**: 156,450
- **population metro**: 268,674 (Alabama: 5th)
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: Central Time Zone (North America), CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 35401-35407, 35485-35487
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205 & 659
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-77256
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0153742
- **area total km2**: 186.52
- **area land km2**: 160.43
- **area water km2**: 26.09
- **population density km2**: 620.83
Hoover, Alabama

**Hoover** is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama.

Hoover has a population of about 93,000 people.

Hoover has an area of about 43 miles and sits at a height of 577 feet.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hoover, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Center Court of the Riverchase Galleria.jpg
- **image caption**: Riverchase Galleria
- **image size**: 240px
- **image map**: File:Jefferson County and Shelby County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Hoover Highlighted 0135896.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Hoover in Jefferson County and Shelby County, Alabama.
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, Counties
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Jefferson County, Alabama, Jefferson, Shelby County, Alabama, Shelby
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1850s
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **established title1**: Incorporated (city)
- **established date1**: April 28, 1967
- **area total sq mi**: 49.04
- **area land sq mi**: 48.07
- **area water sq mi**: 0.97
- **elevation ft**: 492
- **population total**: 92606
- **population rank**: Alabama: List of cities and towns in Alabama, 6th
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density sq mi**: 1926.48
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 35216, 35226, 35236, 35242, 35244
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205 & 659
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), CST
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: Central Time Zone (North America), CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-35896
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2404725
- **area total km2**: 127.01
- **area land km2**: 124.50
- **area water km2**: 2.51
- **population density km2**: 743.81
Dothan, Alabama

**Dothan** is a city and county seat of Houston County, Alabama. The city has a population of about 70,000 people. Dothan has an area of about  and sits at a height of .

## Other websites

- City of Dothan web site
- Dothan Chamber of Commerce

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Dothan
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: DowntownDothan02 (cropped).jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Dothan
- **image map**: File:Dale County and Henry County and Houston County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Dothan Highlighted 0121184.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Dothan in Dale, Henry, and Houston Counties, Alabama
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, Counties
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Houston County, Alabama, Houston, Dale County, Alabama, Dale, Henry County, Alabama, Henry
- **established date**: 1885
- **area total km2**: 233.53
- **area total sq mi**: 90.16
- **area land km2**: 232.68
- **area land sq mi**: 89.84
- **area water km2**: 0.84
- **area water sq mi**: 0.33
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 71072
- **population density km2**: 305.45
- **population density sq mi**: 791.10
- **population blank2 title**: Combined Statistical Area, CSA
- **population blank2**: 253798
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 36301–36305, 36345, 36350
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-21184
- **population rank**: AL: 8th
Kou Shibasaki

is a Japanese singer and actress. She was born  on 5 August 1981 in Tokyo.

When she played Mitsuko Souma in Battle Royale in 2000, Ko (also transcribed Kou and Koh) Shibasaki made her debut. In addition to receiving praise from critics, Shibasaki won multiple accolades for her performance as Tsubaki Sakurai in the 2001 movie Go, including the Kinema Junpō Award, the Hōchi Movie Award, and the Japanese Academy's Best Supporting Actress Award.

47 Ronin, a Keanu Reeves-directed adaptation of the Chushingura tale of samurai devotion and retaliation, marked Shibasaki's feature film debut in the United States in 2013. The film, which was based on early 18th-century historical events, was marketed as the first English-language dramatization of the mythology.
Decatur, Alabama

**Decatur** is a city and county seat of Morgan County, Alabama. It has a population of about 58,000 people. Decatur has an area of about 60 miles and sits at a height of about 561 feet.

## Other websites

- Official City Tourist Website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Decatur, Alabama
- **nicknames**: The River City, Disney of the South, The Heart of the Valley
- **motto**: "The City of Opportunity"
- **image caption**: Downtown viewed from 2nd street
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Decatur, Alabama (2023).jpg
- **image map**: File:Limestone County and Morgan County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Decatur Highlighted 0120104.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Limestone County and Morgan County, Alabama
- **pushpin map**: Alabama#USA
- **pushpin label**: Decatur
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Morgan County, Alabama, Morgan, Limestone County, Alabama, Limestone
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1820
- **established title1**: Incorporation
- **established date1**: December 8, 1826
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 157.63
- **area total sq mi**: 60.86
- **area land km2**: 140.79
- **area land sq mi**: 54.36
- **area water km2**: 16.84
- **area water sq mi**: 6.50
- **elevation ft**: 594
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 57938
- **population metro**: 156494 (US: List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 270th)
- **population density km2**: 411.53
- **population density sq mi**: 1065.86
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 35600-35699
- **area code**: Area code 256, 256
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-20104
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2404206
- **population rank**: AL: 10th
Casper, Wyoming

**Casper** is an American city in the state of Wyoming. It is in Natrona County. About 60,000 people live in Casper. Casper has an area of about 27 square miles and sits at an elevation of 5,150 feet.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Casper, Wyoming
- **settlement type**: City
- **nickname**: "The Oil City"
- **image skyline**: Casperskyline.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Overview of downtown, looking south toward Casper Mountain, with North Platte River
- **image seal**: Seal of Casper, Wyoming.png
- **map caption**: Location within Natrona County, Wyoming
- **image map**: Natrona County Wyoming Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Casper Highlighted 5613150.svg
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the United States
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin label**: Casper
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wyoming, County
- **subdivision name2**: Natrona County, Wyoming, Natrona
- **government type**: Council–manager government, Council–manager
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 26.88
- **area total km2**: 69.62
- **area land sq mi**: 26.55
- **area land km2**: 68.76
- **area water sq mi**: 0.33
- **area water km2**: 0.86
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 59038
- **population rank**: List of municipalities in Wyoming, 2nd in Wyoming
- **population metro**: 79955
- **population urban**: 67751
- **population density sq mi**: 2223.9
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, MST
- **utc offset**: −7
- **timezone dst**: Mountain Daylight Time, MDT
- **utc offset dst**: −6
- **elevation m**: 1560
- **elevation ft**: 5150
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 82601–82602, 82604–82605, 82609, 82615, 82630, 82638, 82646
- **area code**: Area code 307, 307
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 56-13150
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1586424
Wilmington, Delaware

**Wilmington** is the largest city in the state of Delaware, United States, and the county seat of New Castle County. It had 70,898 people in 2020.

Wilmington has an area of about  and is  above sea level, at the place where the Christina River and Brandywine Creek meet.

U.S. President Joe Biden is from Wilmington and owns a home here.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Wilmington, Delaware
- **official name**: City of Wilmington
- **settlement type**: List of incorporated places in Delaware, City
- **named for**: Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington
- **nickname**: Corporate Capital of the World, Chemical Capital of the World
- **motto**: In the middle of it all
- **etymology**: Named after Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington
- **image skyline**: Wilmington Delaware skyline.jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Wilmington and the Christina River
- **image flag**: Flag of the City of Wilmington.png
- **image map**: File:New Castle County Delaware Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Wilmington Highlighted 1077580.svg
- **mapsize**: 300px
- **map caption**: Location of Wilmington in New Castle County, Delaware.
- **pushpin map**: Delaware#USA
- **pushpin label**: Wilmington
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of Delaware
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Delaware, County
- **subdivision name2**: New Castle County, Delaware, New Castle
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: John C. Carney Jr. (D)
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: March 1638
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established date1**: 1731
- **established title2**: Borough Charter
- **established date2**: 1739
- **established title3**: City Charter
- **established date3**: March 7, 1832
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 17.19
- **area land sq mi**: 10.89
- **area water sq mi**: 6.29
- **area total km2**: 44.52
- **area land km2**: 28.22
- **area water km2**: 16.30
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 70898
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 92
- **elevation m**: 28
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 19801-19810, 19850, 19880, 19884-19886, 19890-19899
- **area code**: Area code 302, 302
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 10-77580
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 214862
- **website**: [http://www.ci.wilmington.de.us/ ci.wilmington.de.us]
Niña

The **Niña** was one of the ships Christopher Columbus sailed to the new world.  The others were the Pinta and the Santa Maria.
Pinta (ship)

The ***Pinta*** is one of the ships Christopher Columbus sailed to the new world.  The others were the Niña and the Santa Maria.
Santa Maria

The ***Santa Maria*** was one of the ships Christopher Columbus sailed to the new world.  The others were the _Pinta_ and the _Nina_. It is named after Saint Mary.
Three Jewels

The **Three Jewels**, also called the **Three Treasures**, the **Three Refuges**, or the **Triple Gem**, are the three things that Buddhists give themselves to, and in return look toward for guidance, in the process known as _taking refuge_.

The Three Jewels are:

- **Buddha**, which means _The Enlightened_ or _Awakened One_, who, depending on one's interpretation, can mean the Historical Buddha, Shakyamuni, or the Buddha nature or ideal within all beings;
- **Dharma**, which means _The Teaching_, which is the Teachings of the Buddha.
- **Sangha**, which means _The Community_, The Community of those great people who have attained Enlightenment, so that those people (Sangha) will help you to attain Enlightenment.
Dharma (Buddhism)

**Dharma** in Buddhism means the teachings of the Buddha leading to enlightenment.

What is called "Buddhism" in Western countries is called "Buddha-Dharma" in Eastern countries. The latter term simply means "Path of Awakening" and is thus a form of dharma.

- "Dharma" usually refers not just to the sayings of the Buddha but also  to the later traditions of the various schools of Buddhism which expanded upon the Buddha's teachings. According to tradition, that the Buddha gave 84,000 different teachings to various types of people based on their needs.
- Alternately, "dharma" may be seen as the truth which is beyond worldly things and so the word may refer to the ultimate reality, "truth", "phenomena", or "the way things are".

The Dharma is one of the Three Jewels of Buddhism in  which followers of Buddhism seek refuge; people erly on it for their lasting happiness. The three jewels of Buddhism are the Buddha (mind's perfection of enlightenment), the Dharma (teachings and methods), and the Sangha (awakened beings who provide guidance and support).

de:Dharma#Dharma im Buddhismus
Helvetic Republic

The **Helvetic Republic** was a state lasting for five years, from 1798 to 1803. Its name came from the Helvetii people.
Helvetii

The **Helvetii** were a Celtic tribe and the main dwellers of the Swiss plateau in the 1st century BC. They are usually featured in Julius Caesar’s commentaries on the Gallic War.

## Other websites

- Celts in Switzerland (German)
Saas Fee

**Saas-Fee** is the main village in the **Saastal** or the **Saas Valley** and is a municipality of the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- www.saas-fee.ch
- Large panorama of Saas Fee

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Saas-Fee
- **municipality name**: Saas-Fee
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Saas-Fee COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Saas Fee.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Visp (district), Visp
- **postal code**: 3906
- **municipality code**: 6290
- **area**: 40.57
- **elevation**: 1800
- **population**: 1607
- **populationof**: 2002
- **website**: www.saas-fee.ch
- **mayor**: Zurbriggen Felix
- **neighboring municipalities**: Randa, Switzerland, Randa, Saas Almagell, Saas Balen, Saas Grund, St. Niklaus, Switzerland, Sankt Niklaus, Täsch
- **twintowns**: Steamboat Springs, Colorado, Steamboat Springs (USA), Rocca di Cambio (Italy)
Evolène

**Evolène** is a municipality of the district of Hérens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Official tourism website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Evolène
- **municipality name**: Evolène
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Evolène COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Evolène.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Hérens (district), Hérens
- **postal code**: 1983
- **municipality code**: 6083
- **area**: 210.0
- **elevation**: 1371
- **population**: 1559
- **populationof**: December 2002
- **website**: www.commune-evolene.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Ayer, Switzerland, Ayer, Bagnes, Bionaz (IT-AO), Grimentz, Hérémence, Saint-Martin, Valais, Saint-Martin, Zermatt
Baden, Switzerland

**Baden** is a city and municipality of the district Swiss canton of Aargau. Since 2024, Turgi became a part of Baden.

## Other websites

- Official webpage of the city of Baden
- Schools in Baden

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Baden
- **image photo**: Switzerland-Baden-oldcityview.jpg
- **municipality name**: Baden
- **municipality type**: city
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Baden AG COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Baden.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Baden (district, Aargau), Baden
- **postal code**: 5400
- **municipality code**: 4021
- **area**: 13.17
- **elevation**: 381
- **website**: www.baden.ch
- **mayor**: Geri Müller
- **mayor asof**: February 2014
- **mayor party**: GPS
- **mayor title**: Stadtammann
- **list of mayors**: List of mayors of Baden, Switzerland
- **executive name**: Stadtrat
- **executive number of members**: 7
- **parliament name**: Einwohnerrat
- **parliament number of members**: 50
- **demonym**: Badener
- **neighboring municipalities**: Birmenstorf, Aargau, Birmenstorf, Ennetbaden, Fislisbach, Gebenstorf, Mellingen, Neuenhof, Aargau, Neuenhof, Obersiggenthal, Turgi, Wettingen
- **twintowns**: Sighişoara, Sighisoara (Romania)
Baldingen, Aargau

**Baldingen** was a municipality of the district Zurzach in canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2022, the former municipalities of Bad Zurzach, Baldingen, Böbikon, Kaiserstuhl, Rekingen, Rietheim, Rümikon and Wislikofen merged to form the new municipality of Zurzach.

## Other websites

- Official Website of Baldingen

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Baldingen
- **municipality name**: Baldingen
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Baldingen AG.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Zurzach (district), Zurzach
- **postal code**: 5333
- **area**: 2.82
- **elevation**: 548
- **population**: 266
- **populationof**: 2005
- **website**: www.baldingen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Böbikon, Endingen, Switzerland, Endingen, Lengnau, Aargau, Lengnau, Rekingen, Tegerfelden, Unterendingen
Beinwil

**Beinwil** could mean:

- Beinwil (Freiamt) in Canton Aargau, Switzerland.
- Beinwil am See in Canton Aargau, Switzerland.
- Beinwil, Solothurn, Switzerland.
Beinwil (Freiamt)

**Beinwil (Freiamt)** is a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Beinwil
- **municipality name**: Beinwil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Beinwil (Freiamt) COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Beinwil (Freiamt) 2012.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Muri (district), Muri
- **postal code**: 5637
- **municipality code**: 4224
- **area**: 11.29
- **elevation**: 580
- **population**: 930
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.beinwil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Auw, Switzerland, Auw, Benzenschwil, Geltwil, Hohenrain (LU), Lieli, Switzerland, Lieli (LU), Mühlau, Müswangen (LU), Sulz, Lucerne, Sulz (LU)
Ratification

**Ratification** is the confirmation of a treaty.

Treaties are signed by members of the government of a country.  Many treaties make a country do something, or change the law of the countries which agree to it.  Therefore some countries can only ratify a treaty if it is confirmed by the legislature of the country, or by a referendum (a vote of the people).

The founders solved this issue by dropping the Amendment requirements.

In the past treaties were signed by delegates chosen by the ruler of a country.  To make sure that the treaty was acceptable to the ruler the treaty would not take effect until it was ratified by the ruler.

The United States is only bound by a treaty if the Senate agrees.  So although President Woodrow Wilson signed the Treaty of Versailles which ended the First World War with Germany and set up the League of Nations the treaty never took effect for the USA because the US Senate never gave its "advice and consent" (agreed) to the treaty.  This is why there was a separate peace treaty between Germany and the USA

In the United Kingdom the government ratifies treaties, it does not need the agreement of the House of Commons.  However if the treaty is going to change the law then a separate act of parliament is needed.  For example before Britain entered the European Union in 1973 the European Communities Act had to be passed to  make the changes to the law that were needed.

## Related pages

- Signature
Beinwil am See

**Beinwil am See** is a municipality of the district Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Beinwil-am-See
- **municipality name**: Beinwil am See
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Coat of arms of Beinwil am See.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Aargau
- **iso-code-region**: CH-AG
- **district**: Kulm (district), Kulm
- **postal code**: 5712
- **municipality code**: 4131
- **area**: 5.78
- **elevation**: 520
- **population**: 2637
- **populationof**: December 2004
- **popofyear**: 2004
- **website**: www.beinwilamsee.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aesch, Lucerne, Aesch (LU), Beromünster (LU), Birrwil, Fahrwangen, Meisterschwanden, Menziken, Reinach, Aargau, Reinach
New Orleans Pelicans

**New Orleans Pelicans** are an American professional basketball team. They play in New Orleans, Louisiana. They play their home games at the Smoothie King Center. The Pelicans are a part of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team started playing in the NBA in 1988 as the **Charlotte Hornets** playing in Charlotte, North Carolina. They moved to New Orleans in 2002. During the 2005 - 2006 and 2006 - 2007 seasons, the team was moved to Oklahoma City because of the damage caused in New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina. During this time they were called the **New Orleans / Oklahoma City Hornets**. The team returned to New Orleans for the 2007-2008 season.

After the 2012-2013 season, on April 18, 2013, the team changed its name to the "New Orleans Pelicans", and their team colors became red, blue, and gold. Michael Jordan, owner of the Charlotte Bobcats, brought the Hornets name back to Charlotte by renaming the Bobcats for the 2014-2015 season.

## Infobox (basketball club)

- **name**: New Orleans Pelicans
- **current**: 2025-26 New Orleans Pelicans season
- **logo**: New orleans pelicans-wordmark.png
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **conference**: Western Conference (NBA), Western
- **division**: Southwest Division (NBA), Southwest
- **founded**: 2002
- **history**: **New Orleans Hornets**
2002–2005; 2007–2013
**New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets**
2005–2007
**New Orleans Pelicans**
2013–2031
- **arena**: Smoothie King Center
- **location**: New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
- **colors**: Navy blue, gold, red

- **sponsor**: Zatarain's
- **president**: Dennis Lauscha
- **gm**: Trajan Langdon
- **coach**: Willie Green
- **owner**: Gayle Benson
- **affiliation**: Erie BayHawks (2019–), Erie BayHawks
- **league champs**: **0**
- **conf champs**: **0**
- **div champs**: **1** (2007–08 NBA season, 2008)
- **ret nums**: **2** (Bill Russell, 6, Pete Maravich, 7)
- **1 title**: Association
- **1 pattern b**: _2018-19_NOP_association
- **1 pattern s**: _2018-19_NOP_association
- **2 title**: Icon
- **2 pattern b**: _2018-19_NOP_icon
- **2 pattern s**: _2018-19_NOP_icon
- **3 title**: Statement
- **3 pattern b**: _2018-19_NOP_statement
- **3 pattern s**: _2018-19_NOP_statement
The Queen Vic

**The Queen Vic** (full name **The Queen Victoria**) is a fictional pub in the British television show EastEnders. It has the fictional address of 46 Albert Square, Walford, London E20. It is known for being painted several times during the series.
Charlotte Hornets

**Charlotte Hornets** is the name of several past and present sports teams in Charlotte, North Carolina:
- The Charlotte Hornets (NBA), an NBA (basketball) team that played as the Charlotte Bobcats from 2004 to 2014
- The Charlotte Hornets, another NBA team that played under that name from 1988 until moving to New Orleans in 2002; known since 2013 as the New Orleans Pelicans
- The Charlotte Hornets, a minor league baseball team that played from 1901 to 1973
- The Charlotte Hornets, an American football team that played in 1974 and 1975 in the now-defunct World Football League
Ian Beale

**Ian Beale** is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera _EastEnders_, played by Adam Woodyatt. He is the drama's longest-serving main character, and, following the departure of Pauline Fowler (Wendy Richard) in 2006, was the only one to have appeared continuously from its inception. The character appeared in his 2,000th episode in the show on 26 March 2007, and his 3,000th on 27 May 2016. After 36 years on the show, Woodyatt departed _EastEnders_ on 22 January 2021.

Ian is the son of Pete (Peter Dean) and Kathy Beale (Gillian Taylforth). He is the nephew of Pauline Fowler (Wendy Richard).

## Infobox (soap character)

- **series**: EastEnders
- **name**: Ian Beale
- **portrayer**: Adam Woodyatt
- **years**: 1985–2021
- **creator**: Tony Holland
- **introducer**: Julia Smith
- **classification**: List of EastEnders characters, Present; regular
- **first**: Episode 1
 "Poor Old Reg"

- **last**: Episode 6208

- **spinoffs**: _Dimensions in Time_ (1993)
 _Last Tango in Walford_ (2010)
 _EastEnders: E20_ (2010)
 _Children in Need 2014, The Ghosts of Ian Beale_ (2014)
- **occupation**: Businessman
 Chef
- **family**: Beale family, Beale
- **father**: Pete Beale
- **mother**: Kathy Beale
- **stepfather**: Phil Mitchell (1995–1999)
- **halfbrothers**: David Wicks
 Ben Mitchell
- **halfsisters**: Donna Ludlow
- **wife**: Cindy Beale (1989–1997)
 Melanie Beale (1999–2000)
 Laura Beale (2001–2004)
 Jane Beale (2007–2011, 2015–2017)
- **sons**: Peter Beale
 Bobby Beale (EastEnders), Bobby Beale
- **daughters**: Lucy Beale
- **stepsons**: Steven Beale
- **grandsons**: Louie Beale
- **grandmothers**: Lou Beale
- **aunts**: Maggie Flaherty
 Pauline Fowler
- **uncles**: Harry Beale
 Ronnie Beale
 Kenny Beale
 Ted Hills
- **nieces**: Bianca Jackson
 Lexi Pearce
- **nephews**: Joe Wicks
- **cousins**: Eamonn Flaherty
 Conor Flaherty
 John Flaherty
 Mark Fowler
 Elizabeth Beale
 Michelle Fowler
 Tony Hills
 Sarah Hills
 Martin Fowler (EastEnders), Martin Fowler
- **relatives**: Betty Beale
 Eamonn Flaherty Jnr
 Declan Flaherty
 Carl Flaherty
 Colette Flaherty
 Kylie Flaherty
 Mary Flaherty
 Vicki Fowler
 Mark Fowler Jnr
 Liam Butcher
 Bex Fowler
 Tiffany Butcher
 Morgan Butcher
 Hope Fowler
Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs

***Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs*** is the only studio album by Derek and the Dominos. It includes one of the best rock songs of all time, with the memorable guitar riff, "Layla".

## Track listing

1. "I Looked Away" (Eric Clapton, Bobby Whitlock) – 3:05
1. "Bell Bottom Blues" (Clapton) – 5:02
1. "Keep on Growing" (Clapton, Whitlock) – 6:21
1. "Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out" (Jimmie Cox) – 4:57
1. "I Am Yours" (Clapton, Nezami) – 3:34
1. "Anyday" (Clapton, Whitlock) – 6:35
1. "Key to the Highway" (Charles Segar, Willie Broonzy) – 9:40
1. "Tell the Truth" (Clapton, Whitlock) – 6:39
1. "Why Does Love Got to Be So Sad?" (Clapton, Whitlock) – 4:41
1. "Have You Ever Loved a Woman" (Billy Myles) – 6:52
1. "Little Wing" (Jimi Hendrix) – 5:33
1. "It's Too Late" (Chuck Willis) – 3:47
1. "Layla" (Clapton, Jim Gordon) – 7:04
1. "Thorn Tree in the Garden" (Whitlock) – 2:53

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs
- **type**: Studio album
- **artist**: Derek and the Dominos
- **released**: November 9, 1970
- **recorded**: August–September 1970
- **studio**: Criteria
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, Blues-rock, blues rock
- **length**: 76:43
- **label**: Polydor Records, Polydor, Atco
- **producer**: Tom Dowd
National Rugby League

The **National Rugby League** (**NRL**) is a professional sports league in Australia. They play rugby league. The modern competition was formed in 1998, but its predecessor has run since 1908. There are 17 teams. Sixteen teams are from Australia and one is from New Zealand. The NRL is the most popular sporting league in Australia, mainly in the states of New South Wales and Queensland, whilst there is also one team in Victoria and the ACT. It is the biggest rugby league competition in the world.

## Current clubs

The current teams are:

- Brisbane Broncos
- Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
- Canberra Raiders
- Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
- Dolphins
- Gold Coast Titans
- Manly Warringah Sea Eagles
- Melbourne Storm
- Newcastle Knights
- New Zealand Warriors
- North Queensland Cowboys
- Parramatta Eels
- Penrith Panthers
- South Sydney Rabbitohs
- St. George Illawarra Dragons
- Sydney Roosters
- Wests Tigers

Winners and runners-up for NRL Grand Finals since 1998 include:

- 2022 Penrith Panthers 28 defeated Parramatta Eels 12
- 2021 Penrith Panthers 14 defeated South Sydney Rabbitohs 12
- 2020 Melbourne Storm 26 defeated Penrith Panthers 20
- 2019 Sydney Roosters 14 defeated Canberra Raiders 8
- 2018 Sydney Roosters 21 defeated Melbourne Storm 6
- 2017 Melbourne Storm 34 defeated North Queensland 6
- 2016 Cronulla Sharks 14 defeated Melbourne Storm 12
- 2015 North Queensland Cowboys 17 defeated Brisbane Broncos 16
- 2014 South Sydney Rabbitohs 30 defeated Canterbury Bulldogs 6
- 2013 Sydney Roosters 26 defeated Manly Sea Eagles 18
- 2012 Melbourne Storm 14 defeated Canterbury Bulldogs 4
- 2011 Manly Sea Eagles 24 defeated NZ Warriors 10
- 2010 St George Illawarra Dragons 32 defeated Sydney Roosters 8
- 2009 Melbourne 23 defeated Parramatta 16 (Title stripped due to salary cap breach)
- 2008 Manly 40 defeated Melbourne 0
- 2007 Melbourne 34 defeated Manly 8 (Title stripped due to salary cap breach)
- 2006 Brisbane 15 defeated Melbourne 8
- 2005 Wests Tigers 30 defeated North Queensland 16
- 2004 Canterbury 16 defeated Sydney 13
- 2003 Penrith 18 defeated Sydney 6
- 2002 Sydney 30 defeated Warriors 8
- 2001 Newcastle 30 defeated Parramatta 24
- 2000 Brisbane 14 defeated Sydney 6
- 1999 Melbourne 20 defeated St George Illawarra 18
- 1998 Brisbane 38 defeated Canterbury 12

## Other websites

NRL - Premiership Winners
Alison Krauss

**Alison Maria Krauss** (born July 23, 1971) is an American bluegrass-country singer and fiddle player. She is famous for being the leader of the band _Alison Krauss & Union Station_, and has produced albums for artists like Nickel Creek, Reba McEntire, and Alan Jackson. She has 28 Grammy Awards, more than any other female artist in history.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Alison Krauss
- **img**: AlisonKraussCrossroads2007.jpg
- **img capt**: Krauss performing at the Crossroads Guitar Festival in 2007.
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Alison Maria Krauss
- **origin**: Decatur, Illinois, Decatur, Illinois, United States
- **genre**: Bluegrass music, Bluegrass, Country music, country, Gospel music, gospel
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, record producer
- **instrument**: Singer, Vocals, fiddle
- **years active**: 1987—present
- **associated acts**: Rhonda Vincent, Dolly Parton, Brad Paisley, Ricky Skaggs
- **label**: Rounder Records
- **url**: [https://www.alisonkrauss.com/ AlisonKrauss.com]
Lyle Lovett

**Lyle Pearce Lovett** (born November 1, 1957) is an American country singer-songwriter and actor.

## Other websites

- Official Lyle Lovett Website
- The Thinking Man's Cowboy, by Matt Dellinger, _New Yorker_, February 23, 2004.
- Homeboy, by Alec Wilkinson, _New Yorker_, February 1, 2004.
- Lovett charges ahead with his career - _USA Today_, May 10, 2002.
- Lyle Lovett Trampled by Bull, Hospitalized With Broken Leg  - FOX News, March 29, 2002.
- Official Lyle Lovett Lost Highway Artist Page
- UnOfficial Website/Fan site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Lyle Lovett
- **img**: Lyle Lovett at Oregon Zoo.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Lyle Pearce Lovett
- **origin**: Klein, Texas, Klein, Texas, United States
- **genre**: singer-songwriter, alternative country
- **associated acts**: Randy Newman
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter, record producer, actor
- **years active**: 1980–present
- **label**: Curb Records, Curb, Music Corporation of America, MCA
Dolly Parton

**Dolores “Dolly” Rebecca Parton Jr.** (January 19, 1946) is an American country singer-songwriter, composer, author and actress. She has become one of the most successful female country artists in history, with 25 number-one singles (a record for a female country artist) and 41 top-10 country albums (a record for any country artist).  She is known for her top-three single "Here You Come Again" and the number-one hits "9 to 5" and "Islands in the Stream" (a duet with singer Kenny Rogers).

Parton has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time.

Parton is one of the most-honored female country performers of all time. She has won eleven Grammy Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award, as well as nominations for two Academy Awards, six Golden Globe Awards, and a Tony Award. In 2025, she was honored with the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award.

## Career

Her 1967 song "Dumb Blonde" was heard by country singer Porter Wagoner, and he asked Parton to be a part of his television show. Her single "Jolene" reached number one in 1974, becoming a solo artist, though still performed and recorded with Wagoner.

In the fifty-four years since her debut, Parton has become one of the most famous country artists in the world.

## Personal life

Parton married Carl Dean in 1966. Dean died in 2025.

Parton is the godmother of singer and actress Miley Cyrus.

### Singles

- "I Will Always Love You" (1974)
- "Tennessee Homesick Blues" (1984)
- "Yellow Roses" (1989)
- "Why'd You Come in Here Lookin' Like That" (1998)

- As featured artist
- "Baby, It's Cold Outside"  (2004)

## Other websites

- Dolly Parton Music (official music site)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **years active**: 1954–present


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dolly Parton
- **image**: Dolly Parton at 'Blue Smoke World Tour' in Knoxville.jpg
- **caption**: Dolly Parton in May 2014
- **birth place**: Pittman Center, Tennessee, Pittman Center, Tennessee, United States
1259

### Europe

- The Oxford Parliament, led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, leads to the acceptance by King Henry III of England of the Provisions of Oxford.
- September – The Empire of Nicaea defeats the Principality of Achaea at the Battle of Pelagonia, ensuring the eventual reconquest of Constantinople in 1261.
- December 4 – The kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels.
- The famous frescoes of the Boyana Church in Bulgaria are completed (the church and its murals are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site).
- The German cities of Lübeck, Wismar, and Rostock enter into a pact to defend against pirates of the Baltic Sea, laying the groundwork for the Hanseatic League.
- Nogai Khan leads the second Mongol Golden Horde attack against Lithuania and Poland.

### Asia

- August 11 – While conducting a siege against the Song Dynasty city known as Fishing Town in the province of Chongqing, China, the Mongol Khagan, Mongke Khan dies in the nearby hills. Persian, Chinese, and Mongol records have different accounts of how he died, including succumbing to an arrow wound received by a Chinese archer in the siege, dysentery, and even cholera epidemic. His death sparks a succession crisis in the Mongol Empire, while his brothers Ariq Böke and Kublai soon convene their own kuriltai to elect themselves as the next Khan of Khans, opening the path to a four year long civil war from 1260 to 1264. In the end, Ariq Böke surrendered to Kublai.
- While engaged in a war with the Mongols, the Song Chinese official Li Zengbo wrote in his _Kozhai Zagao, Xugaohou_ that the city of Qingzhou was manufacturing one to two thousand strong iron-cased gunpowder bomb shells a month, dispatching to Xiangyang and Yingzhou about ten to twenty thousand such bombs at a time.
- Lannathai, a kingdom in the north of Thailand, is founded by King Mengrai.
- The Goryeo kingdom in Korea surrenders to invading Mongol forces.
- The Chinese era _Kaiqing_ begins and ends in the Northern Song Dynasty of China.
- The Japanese Shōka era ends, and the Shōgen era begins.

## Births

- Pietro Cavallini, Italian painter (died 1330)
- Demetre II of Georgia (died 1289)
- John II of Jerusalem (died 1285)
- Richard Og de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster (died 1326)
- Infanta Branca of Portugal, daughter of King Afonso III of Portugal and Urraca of Castile

## Deaths

- May 29 – King Christopher I of Denmark (born 1219)
- October 7 – Ezzelino da Romano III, Italian ruler
- November 18 – Adam Marsh, English scholar and theologian
- Gojong of Goryeo
- Möngke Khan of the Mongol Empire
- Matthew Paris, English chronicler
- Thomas II of Savoy
1258

## Events

- c. January – A giant volcano erupts. No one is sure where, but it may have been in a tropical location like El Chichón, Mexico or Quilotoa, Ecuador. Observed effects of the eruption include the following anecdotal accounts: dry fog in France; lunar eclipses in England; severe winter in Europe; a "harsh" spring in Northern Iceland; famine in England, Western Germany, France, and Northern Italy; and pestilence in London, parts of France, Austria, Iraq, Syria, and South-East Turkey.

- February 10 – Battle of Baghdad (1258) – Hulagu Khan's Mongol forces overrun Baghdad. The city was the center of Islamic culture and learning and capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. The Mongols burned the city to the ground, and killed many people.

- Llywelyn the Last declares himself Prince of Wales. He is the last ruler of an independent Wales before its conquest by the English.
- King Henry III of England is forced by seven powerful barons to accept the Provisions of Oxford, effectively ending the absolute monarchy in England by requiring the calling of a parliament.
- The Chinese era _Baoyou_ ends in the Northern Song Dynasty of China.
- Civil unrest in northern Italy starts the medieval musical form of Geisslerlieder, songs of repentance sung by wandering bands of Flagellants.
- Gissur Thorvaldsson is made Earl of Iceland by King Haakon IV of Norway.
- Korea surrenders to Mongols.

## Births

- Arghun, fourth Ilkhanate ruler of Iran (approximate date; died 1291)
- Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire (died 1326)

## Deaths

- February 20 – Al-Musta'sim, last Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad
- August 18 – Theodore II Lascaris, emperor of Nicea (Byzantine Emperor in exile)
- Hong Bok-won, Goryeo commander who later served the Mongol Empire
- Meinhard I of Gorizia-Tyrol (born c. 1200)
- Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili, Moroccan spiritual leader (born 1175)
- Clement of Dunblane,13th-century Dominican friar who was the first member of the Dominican Order in Britain to become a bishop
1257

## Events

- Robert de Sorbon founds the _Collège de Sorbonne_ at Paris, giving a formal college (and still-common name) to the already existing University of Paris in France.
- Matthew Paris, English historian, personally interviews King Henry III of England for a week straight while compiling his major work of English history, _Chronica Majora_.
- King Henry III of England orders the production of an twenty pence English coin of pure gold, the first high-denomination coin minted in England and the first to use gold. Unfortunately for King Henry, the bullion value of the coins was about 20% higher than the nominal face value, leading to poor circulation as coins were melted down by individuals for their gold content.
- The second Genoese War breaks out between Genoa and Venice in Outremer known as the War of Saint Sabas.
- The city of Kraków is rebuilt by Boleslaus V of Poland after being nearly destroyed in the Tatar invasions in 1241.
- The Japanese Kōgen era ends, and the Shōka era begins.
- Mongols take Annam (northern Vietnam).
- Aberdeen Grammar School opened.

## Births

- October 14 – King Przemysł II of Poland (d. 1296)
- Beatrice of Burgundy (died 1310)
- King Sancho IV of Castile and León (died 1295)

## Deaths

- June 4 – Duke Przemysł I of Greater Poland
- August 15 – Saint Hyacinth
- December 24 – John I, Count of Hainaut (born 1218)
1256

### Europe

- May 4 – Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull _Licet ecclesiae catholicae_ constituting the Augustinian monastic order at Lecceto Monastery.
- The city of Lviv, in present-day Ukraine, is founded by Danylo King of Rus.
- Theodore II Lascaris, Byzantine Emperor (in exile in the Empire of Nicaea), successfully concludes a military campaign started a year earlier to recover Thrace from the Bulgarians.
Abingdon School is founded.
Roger Bacon becomes a Franciscan Friar.

### Asia

- October – Mongol commander Baiju (operating under Hulagu Khan's command) leads his forces in a victory over Kay Ka'us II of the Sultanate of Rüm, thereby capturing Anatolia.
- December 15 – Hulagu Khan captures and destroys the Hashshashin stronghold at Alamut in present-day Iran.
- Hulagu Khan establishes the Ilkhanate dynasty of Persia, which will become one of four main divisions of the Mongol Empire.
- The Japanese Kenchō era ends, and the Kōgen era begins.

## Births

- January 6 – Gertrude the Great, German mystic
- Robert, Count of Clermont, French founder of the House of Bourbon (died 1317)

- Ibn al-Banna, Arab Mathematician (died 1321)

## Deaths

- January 28 – William II, Count of Holland, King of Germany
- June 13 – Tankei, Japanese sculptor (born 1173)
- September 1 – Kujo Yoritsune, Japanese shogun (born 1218)
- October 14 – Kujo Yoritsugu, Japanese shogun (born 1239)
- William of Kilkenny, Lord Chancellor of England
- Johannes de Sacrobosco, English scholar