juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Safa and Marwa

Located in the long galley that is a part of Masjid Al-Haram, Safa and Marwa are two small historical hills which are connected to the larger mountains, Abu Qubays and Qaiqan in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Safa and Marwa are an integral part of the religious acts of Hajj and Umrah as Muslim pilgrims are commanded to walk between the two hills in order to commemorate Bibi Hajar’s  commitment to her son, Prophet Ismail , in such harsh circumstances and her unwavering devotion to the command of Allah SWT

During the Umrah and Hajj pilgrimages, Muslim pilgrims are required to travel back and forth seven times between the mountains of Safa and Marwa. This ritual is commonly known as Sa’ee, linguistically meaning walking, pursuing, or striving. It is a Sunnah to perform Sa’I, and hence every pilgrim should perform the Umrah and Hajj correctly by embarking upon this ritual.
Jefitchia

***Jefitchia*** is an extinct genus of prehistoric drumfish that lived from the Eocene to the Oligocene. Fossils have been found in Texas, Louisiana, and Portugal.

It contains three species:

- †_Jefitchia claybornensis_ <small>Koken, 1888</small>
- †_Jefitchia copelandi_ <small>Frizzell & Dante, 1965</small> (type species)
- †_Jefitchia spinosa_ <small>Jonet, 1979</small>

## References

1. <small>"†_Jefitchia claybornensis_ Koken 1888 (ray-finned fish)". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 12 May 2023.</small>
1. <small>"†_Jefitchia copelandi_ Frizzell and Dante 1965 (ray-finned fish)". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 12 May 2023.</small>

## Further reading

- Mateus, Octávio; Estraviz López, Darío; Mateus, Simao (2022). "Type specimens alone have a strong correlation with taxa record by geological epoch: the case study of the fossil vertebrates named from Portuguese types". _Comunicações Geológicas_. 109: 57–64.
- Jun A. Ebersole; David J. Cicimurri & Gary L. Stringer (2019). "Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths". _European Journal of Taxonomy_.
Star Wars Battlefront: Renegade Squadron

***Star Wars Battlefront: Renegade Squadron*** is an third-person shooter video game. It was published by LucasArts and was developed by Rebellion Developments. The game was released on October 9, 2007 in North America, October 10, 2007 in Australia, and on October 12, 2007 in Europe. It was only released for the PlayStation Portable.

The game takes place from the Battle of Yavin to the Battle of Endor. In the game, the player and a group called the Renegade Squadron are sent by Han Solo to fight for the Alliance in the Galactic Civil War.

## Reception

The game was given mixed reviews from game critics. Critics said that they didn't like the controls of the game and that the single-player campaign was too short. They did say that they liked the customization and multiplayer features in the game.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Star Wars Battlefront: Renegade Squadron
- **developer**: Rebellion Developments
- **publisher**: LucasArts
- **platforms**: PlayStation Portable
- **release**: October 9, 2007
<small>(North America)</small>
October 10, 2007
<small>(Australia)</small>
October 12, 2007
<small>(Europe)</small>
- **series**: _Star Wars_
- **genre**: Third-person shooter
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer online
MAS-38

The **MAS-38** is a French 7.65 mm caliber submachine gun. It was designed in 1938 and manufactured the following year by Manufacture d'Armes de Saint-Etienne (MAS). It was based on the previous MAS-35 model. It was used by the French army during World War II. German troops also used it as a substitute weapon when they captured the MAS factory, accepting it under the name MP722(f). It was later used in the Indochina and Vietnam Wars.. French police continued to use the MAS-38 after World War II, until it was replaced by the MAT-49 in the 1950s. On April 28, 1945, a MAS-38 was used by Italian partisans to kill to Benito Mussolini.

This submachine gun uses 7.65x20mm Longue ammunition, it uses a removable 32-round magazine, its rate of fire of 600-700 rounds/minute. Its action was by blowback.
Canadian Taxpayers Federation

The **Canadian Taxpayers Federation** is an independent, non-government, non-for profit organization. It consists of Canadian citizens who devote their efforts in the organization to reduce wasteful spending, misspending and hold accountable the Canadian government who collects these taxes.

## History

The Canadian Taxpayers Federation is abbreviation CTF. The CTF was founded in 1990 in Saskatchewan, a province of Canada, in the year 1990. Two separate organizations, Association of Saskatchewan Taxpayers and the Resolution One Association of Alberta, began working together to form a country-wide organization to represent Canadians throughout the country.

## Current activities

The organization has mostly devoted itself to exposing government corruption; especially misspending and wasting taxpayer money. It focuses on unfair tax raises by the government. It lobbies for justice for Canadian citizens, including media conferences and Internet broadcasts. One example is it's resistance to the governments plane of opening a massively expensive battery plant, which would cost Canadian up to 15 billion dolalrs.

One of their most prominent roles currently is challenging salary raises for Canadian government officials which is costing citizens more and more money each year.

Another prominent role is their resistance to increased carbon taxes by the federal government, which keep going up each year. They argue it makes life difficult for people to heat their homes during winters and to use their cars because of higher fuel prices.

## Other websites

- Official website
- YouTube page
- Facebook page
Satsivi

**Satsivi** (also known as **chicken in walnut sauce**) is a Georgian dish. It is made with chicken or turkey in a walnut sauce. It is seasoned with salt, pepper, garlic, fenugreek, coriander and cinnamon**.**

## Bazhe

**Bazhe**  is the most widely used of the Georgian walnut sauces. It is more runny than _satsivi_ sauce. It contains either red wine vinegar or pomegranate juice. It is often used on boiled or fried fish, such as trout. It is slightly tart, as sweeteners are not used much by Georgians in their cooking.

## Satsivi

**Satsivi** is served cold as a dipping sauce for boiled or fried turkey or chicken. Traditionally, satsivi is made of walnuts, water, garlic, dried herbs (usually saffron and fenugreek), vinegar, cayenne pepper, and salt to taste.  Satsivi is like the nut- or legume-based paste sauces like hummus (which often contains garlic, lemon juice as a souring agent, and tahini, or sesame butter/paste) in Syrian or  Lebanese food.

Boiled turkey or chicken pieces in satsivi is generally eaten at  winter holiday feasts. The dish as a whole is usually called _satsivi_. There are also vegetarian varieties  made with aubergine or cauliflower.

A similar dish of boiled chicken with walnut paste is known as Circassian chicken in Turkey, the Levant, and Egypt.  "Aquz" in the Caspian cuisine of Northern Iran is similar.

## Infobox (prepared food)

- **name**: Satsivi
- **image**: Satsivi (2).jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Chicken satsivi garnished with pomegranate seeds
- **country**: Georgia (country), Georgia
- **course**: Sauce, appetizer
- **main ingredient**: Walnuts
Amadou Cheiffou

**Amadou Cheiffou** (born 1942) is a Nigerien politician. He served the State as Head of Government from October 27, 1991 to April 17, 1993. Cheiffou ran as a candidate for the Democratic Social Rally party (RSD-Gaskiya) in the presidential elections called on November 16, 2004, and was fourth of six candidates by winning 6.35% of the votes.

Cheiffou graduated from the French Civil Aviation University.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Amadou Cheiffou
- **office1**: List of heads of government of Niger, Prime Minister of Niger
- **birth place**: Kornaka, French West Africa
Ardah

**Ardah** (Arabic: العرضة) is a traditional dance in Saudi Arabia. It is also known as the national dance of Saudi Arabia. In this dance, men form two lines facing each other. They may carry swords or canes and dance to drums and poetry while holding the Saudi flag. The dance is also performed in other countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council.

Originally, the "ardah" was performed only by males of tribes of the Arabian Peninsula before going to war, but now it is done at celebrations, weddings, and national and cultural events, such as the Jenadriyah festival. Now, there are different types of ardah across the Arabian Peninsula.

## Name of the dance

The word "Ardah" comes from an Arabic word which means "to show" or "to parade." It was used to boost the morale or self-esteem of fighters before battles.

UNESCO says this dance is part of UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. They said this in 2015 and called the dance _Alardah Alnajdiyah_ at the time.

## History

Ardah became important when Saudi Arabia was formed under King Abdulaziz Al Saud. It was a dance used before the start of battles, especially in Najd. After winning battles, it was called "the Najdi Ardah."

Ardah was important during the formation of Saudi Arabia, showing unity and strength (power). It's now an official parade, even involving the King of Saudi Arabia.

Performed before fights, Ardah got fighters ready for battle. Now, Saudis think of it as a reminder of war times. In December 2015, UNESCO said Saudi Ardah was a valuable part of the country's culture.

## Variations

**Najdi Ardah** is the most common type of _Ardah_ in Saudi Arabia. It's also the most popular male folk dance in the country, often seen on Television. In the 21st century, the government renamed it to 'Saudi Ardah.' But, there are different kinds of Ardah in other regions of Saudi Arabia, like Najran, Asir, and Jizan, etc.

## How to perform

Before the dance starts, a poet calls out to start the dance. His poetic call is known as _Muharrabah_ and it is called out along with rhythmic beats.

Ardah starts with a leader's loud call, surrounded by drummers. This call is like saying they are ready for war. As a reaction to this, everyone quickly gathers with swords and chanting. Then they line up, holding hands and ready to dance.

## Related pages

- Yowlah

## Other websites

- Qatari traditional Ardah

## Infobox (intangible heritage)

- **ich**: Alardah Alnajdiyah
- **state party**: Saudi Arabia
- **domains**: dance, drumming and poetry.
- **id**: 01196
- **year**: 2015
- **list**: Representative
- **link**: https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/alardah-alnajdiyah-dance-drumming-and-poetry-in-saudi-arabia-01196
- **below**:
- **image**: Jenadriyah 27 (12).JPG
- **caption**: Ardah at a Jenadriyah, Jenadriyah festival
Fast X

***Fast X*** is a 2023 American action-thriller movie. It is the 11th movie in the _Fast & Furious_ franchise series. It stars Vin Diesel, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, John Cena, Nathalie Emmanuel, Jordana Brewster, Sung Kang, Scott Eastwood, Daniela Melchior, Alan Ritchson, Helen Mirren, Brie Larson, Rita Moreno, Jason Statham, Jason Momoa, and Charlize Theron.

The movie was released on May 19, 2023. It made $714.6  million around the world.

## Other websites

- _Fast X_ at IMDb

## Infobox (film)

- **image**: Fast X logo.png
- **director**: Louis Leterrier
- **screenplay**: Dan Mazeau
Justin Lin
- **music**: Brian Tyler
- **cinematography**: Stephen F. Windon
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
- **runtime**: 141 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $340 million
- **gross**: $714.6 million
Arthur Edward Waite

British Poet

Lived through October 2, 1857 through May 19, 1942

A well renowned member of the Golden Dawn a secret society that followed Hermeticism,
Marine Bachelot Nguyen

**Marine Bachelot Nguyen** (born 1978) is a French-Vietnamese writer and director . She won the 2019 Sony Labou Tansi Prize, and the 2019 Primeurs Prize.

In 2004, she co-founded the authors' collective and theatre company _Lumière d'août_ in Rennes. Her work explores the alliance of fiction and document, interrogating politics and feminist and postcolonial issues.

## Life[edit]

Marine Bachelot Nguyen studied literature and performing arts in Rennes and Genoa. In 2001, she began teaching in Bressuire and at the Rennes 2 University. She wrote a thesis on the changes in militant theatre in Europe.

From 2002 to 2007, she worked for the Théâtre de Folle pensée as a playwright. She participated in several residencies as part of the Authors' Laboratory convened by Roland Fichet, Pièces d'identités in 2003-2004, Mousson d'été in 2005, Mousson d'hiver in 2006 and the biennial Nouvelles pièces d'Europe in Wiesbaden in June 2004.

In 2004, she founded the company Lumière d'août in Rennes with Alexis Fichet, Alexandre Koutchevsky, Juliette Pourquery de Boisserin, Laurent Quinton and Nicolas Richard. She created her first play _Artemisia Vulgaris_ in Saint-Brieuc, directed by Alexis Fichet. She directed it in 2007 at the Théâtre de la Paillette in Rennes.

She started the project _Short Political Pieces_, composed of seven texts commissioned from the authors of Lumière d'août and Gianina Carbunariu and staged with Alexis Fichet. In 2009, she embarked on the project Feminists?, a cycle of research, writing and creation dedicated to feminism. Several works were created from this: _Histoires de femmes et de lessives_ in 2009, _La Femme, ce continent noir._ in 2010, _À la racine_ in 2011 at the Mise en scène festival and _Rebel girlz masquerade_ in 2012,.

In 2017, she wrote _The Son_, which questions the radicalization on the evolution of morals. It was directed by David Gauchard at the Théâtre de l'Union, in Limoges in February, it was presented at the Avignon Festival and received the Sony-Labou-Tansi prize as part of the Festival des Francophonies en Limousin.

In 2018, she was a resident at Villa Saigon in Ho Chi Minh City. Her _Circulations Capitals_ project was created in September 2019 at the Canal à Redon and at the MC2 in Grenoble,

She read at the Princeton French Theater Festival 2023.
Piti (food)

**Piti** is a soup eaten in the South Caucasus and nearby and in Central Asia. It is cooked in the oven in individual  glazed pots. They are called _piti_ in Azerbaijani language. The soup is made with mutton and vegetables (tomatoes, potatoes, chickpeas) in saffron water to add flavour and colour. It is  covered by a lump of fat, and cooked in a sealed pot. Piti is served in the pot, usually with another plate for eating the meat apart from  the liquid. They may be eaten separately as a first course (soup with veg.) and second (meat) course.

Piti is also popular in Azerbaijan. In Armenia it is called _putuk_, the Armenian word for pot.

## Ingredients

The main ingredients of piti are mutton, tail fat, chickpeas, potato, onions, dried alycha or other kinds of cherry plum and saffron. Meat is simmered with soaked chickpeas in piti-pots. Potatoes, onions, alycha and saffron infusion are added 30 minutes before the meal is ready. Sumac powder is also served separately.
In Armenia, putuk (Armenian word for pot) is served  in the clay pot in which it was cooked. The soup is often served with an Armenian leavened bread called matnakash. The bread can be dipped into the broth. In some regions, the soup is eaten in two steps. First, the broth is served with the bread, and then the meat gets added to the broth and the side dish gets served. The main ingredients include lamb meat, mutton, tail fat chickpeas, potatoes, onions, dried alycha and saffron.

In Azerbaijan, piti is eaten in two steps. Firstly, bread is crumpled on a plate and spiced. Then the broth is poured over it. Secondly, more crumpled bread is added to the plate and the rest of the mutton fat, meat and vegetables are poured over it, mixed together, and eaten.

### Shaki piti

Shaki piti uses boiled chestnuts. It is cooked in an pot. Firstly, chickpeas, mutton and tail fat are put in the pots. Then water is added and the dish gets cooked.

## Related pages

- List of soups

## Sources

- V.V. Pokhlebkin, _National Cuisines of the Peoples of the Soviet Union_ , Tsentrpoligraf Publ. House, 1978 ; English edition: V.V. Pokhlebkin, _Russian Delight: A Cookbook of the Soviet People_, London: Pan Books, 1978

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Piti
- **image**: Shaki piti.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Piti soup
- **type**: Soup
- **served**: Hot
- **main ingredient**: Lamb and mutton, Mutton, vegetables (tomatoes, potatoes, chickpeas)
Chakery

**Thiakry** (also spelled **thiacry** or **chakery**) or **Degue** is a sweet millet couscous dish eaten in Sénégal.  The grains of wheat or millet  are mixed with milk, sweetened condensed milk, or yogurt. Dried fruit like raisins, dried coconut, and spices such as nutmeg are added.
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs

**Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs** is a smaller version of the Windows XP operating system made by Microsoft but made more efficient for older computers. It was released on the 8th of July 2006, around 2 years after Windows XP Service Pack 2 was released in August of 2004. The operating system is not designed for consumer use but it is able to do most of the things that a normal Windows XP system could do. The operating system stopped getting new things except security fixes on the 14th of April 2009 and stopped being given security fixes on the 8th of April 2014.

## Hardware requirements

|Requirements|Minimum|Recommended|
| --- | --- | --- |
|CPU|233 megahertz (Pentium)|300 megahertz (Pentium)|
|RAM|64 megabytes|128 megabytes|
|GPU|800x600|800x600|
|HDD|610 megabytes|1 gigabyte|
Even though the operating system was made for older computers, the requirements are similar to Windows XP, but it is faster then Windows XP when running with a lower amount of megahertz on the CPU and fits with less HDD space due to the removal of programs such as Microsoft Paint and Microsoft Outlook. Microsoft does not think of it as a general-purpose operating system.
<div class="noprint" style="display:none;">

</div>

## Infobox (os)

- **name**: Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs
- **caption**: Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs desktop, showing Start menu and "About Windows" dialog box.
- **version of**: Windows NT
- **developer**: Microsoft
- **discontinued**: yes
- **latest release version**: 5.1.2600.5512 Service Pack 3 (SP3)
- **supported platforms**: IA-32
- **kernel type**: Hybrid kernel
- **license**: Proprietary software, Proprietary commercial software
- **succeeded by**: Windows Thin PC
- **support status**: Mainstream support ended on April 14, 2009.
Extended support ended on April 8, 2014.
Star Wars Battlefront: Elite Squadron

***Star Wars Battlefront: Elite Squadron*** is a third-person shooter video game. It was published by LucasArts and was developed by Rebellion Developments for the PSP and N-Space for the DS. The game was released on November 3, 2009 in North America and on October 12, 2007 in Europe. It was released for the PlayStation Portable and Nintendo DS.

In the game, the player plays as a clone trooper named X2. The player and their brother X1 train the Galactic Republic army under the watch of Jedi General Ferroda during the Clone Wars.

## Reception

The game was given mixed reviews from game critics. Critics said that they didn't like the controls of the game and uselessness of the battles. They did say that they liked the customization and single-player campaign in the game.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Star Wars Battlefront: Elite Squadron
- **developer**: Rebellion Developments <small>(PSP)</small>
N-Space <small>(DS)</small>
- **publisher**: LucasArts
- **platforms**: PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS
- **release**: November 3, 2009
<small>(North America)</small>
October 10, 2007
October 12, 2007
<small>(Europe)</small>
- **series**: _Star Wars_
- **genre**: Third-person shooter
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
Fatima bint Asad

**Fatima bint Asad** (555-626) was the mother of Ali and the aunt of Muhammad. She and her husband Abu Talib, adopted Muhammad after he lost his mother when he was six years old. He adopted her youngest son Ali, as a thanks to her.

Her birth of Ali was seen as a miracle by both followers of Sunni Islam and Shiism.

She was the second woman to become Muslim after the wife of Muhammad, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid. She also gave the nickname of Haydar which means lion in Arabic to Ali.

## Notes

<references group="lower-alpha" responsive="0"></references>

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Fatima bint Asad

- **birth name**: Fāṭima bint ʾAsad
- **birth place**: Hejaz, Arabia
- **death place**: Medina, Hejaz, Arabia
- **burial place**: Jannat al Baqi, Medina
- **spouse**: Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib
- **children**: #Family, (see below)
- **family**: Banu Hashim
Sahalahti

**Sahalahti** is a former municipality in Pirkanmaa, Finland. As of 2003, 2,229 people lived there. It has an area of 171.96 km² of which 35.09 km² was water. Since 2005, Sahalahti became a part of Kangasala.
Star Wars: Starfighter

***Star Wars: Starfighter*** is an action video game. It was published by LucasArts and was developed by LucasArts and Blitz Games, with Secret Level Inc developing for the PC and Xbox.

The game was released on February 21, 2001 for the PlayStation 2, November 15, 2001 for the Xbox, January 22, 2002 for Windows, and on April 28, 2015 for the PlayStation 3.

In the game, the player pilots a starfighter and shoots enemies down alongside a group of three other pilots. The player tries to stop the invading enemies from destroying the planet of  Naboo.

A sequel titled _Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter_ was released on March 11, 2002.

## Reception

The game was given positive reviews from game critics. Critics said that they liked the multiplayer missions, graphic, controls, and sound design. They also said that it was one of the best PS2 games in 2001.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Star Wars: Starfighter
- **developer**: LucasArts
Blitz Games
Secret Level Inc <small>(PC, Xbox)</small>
- **publisher**: LucasArts
- **director**: Daron Stinnett
- **writer**: Matthew Jacobs
- **platforms**: PlayStation 2, Xbox (console), Xbox, Microsoft Windows, Arcade game, Arcade, PlayStation 3
- **release**: **PlayStation 2**
**Xbox** <small>(Special Edition)</small>
**Windows**
**PlayStation 3**
- **series**: _Star Wars_
- **genre**: Action game, Action
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
HEAT (ammunition)

**HEAT** (high-explosive anti-tank) is a type of ammunition that is used to destroy tanks and similar vehicles. HEAT ammunition consists of an explosive, propellant, firing system and case for the ammunition. It is shaped like a bullet but it uses a cylinder for the tip instead of the tip being rounded or pointed. When the HEAT round hits a hard surface (like a tanks armour) it will explode. The cylinder tip of the HEAT round will focus the energy of the blast into a molten jet. This is called the Munroe effect. This molten jet is good at getting through lots of armour. Militaries often use this type of ammunition to destroy tanks.
Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter

***Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter*** is an action video game. It was both published and developed by LucasArts.

The game was released on March 11, 2002 in North America and on March 28, 2002 in Europe for the PlayStation 2. It was also released on May 14, 2002 in North America and on May 31, 2002 in Europe for the Xbox. On November 17, 2015, a PlayStation 4 console bundle for _Star Wars Battlefront_ was released and included _Jedi Starfighter_.

The game is set both before and during the Battle of Geonosis. In the game, the player plays as Adi Gallia, a Jedi Master and Nym, a pilot. They are ordered by the Jedi Council to be the new pilots of the recently introduced Jedi Starfighter. The player destroys enemy spacecraft and trys to protect their allies spacecraft.

It is the sequel to the 2001 game _Star Wars: Starfighter_ was released on February 21, 2001.

## Reception

The game was given positive reviews from game critics. Critics said that they liked the entertaining gameplay, controls, and variety of unlockables. However, they also said that they didn't like the graphics or poor framerate.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter
- **developer**: LucasArts
- **publisher**: LucasArts
- **director**: Daron Stinnett
- **designer**: Tim Longo
- **writer**: W. Haden Blackman
- **platforms**: PlayStation 2, Xbox (console), Xbox 3
- **release**: **PlayStation 2**
**Xbox**

- **series**: _Star Wars_
- **genre**: Action game, Action
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
Tarikh e Khandan e Timuriyah

**Tarikh e Khandan e Timuriyah**  also known by the name "_Chronicle of the Descendants of Timur"_ is a 16th-century manuscript that was ordered by Mughal Emperor Akbar. It gives detailed information about the descendant of Timur in India During the reign of Emperor Akbar, from 1577 to 1578, a remarkable volume was created specifically for his personal collection, earning a cherished spot in his private library. This volume, written on exquisite paper, features 133 paintings meticulously created by 51 esteemed artists such as Daswant and Haidar Kashmiri,  The paintings in this volume show the best of Mughal art from that time. They are very detailed and well-made, showing the high point of Mughal artistic skill. The text in this volume is written in a style that matches the high standards set by the artwork.

It was formally introduced in the UNESCO Memory of the World in 2011. The original manuscript is kept safe in the Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public library.

This manuscript is the only existing copy that discusses the history of Timur and his descendants in Iran and India, including Mughal rulers like Babur, Humayun, and Akbar.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Tarikh-e Khandan-e Timuriyah
- **image**: Tarikh-i-Khandan-i-Timuriyah -Death-of-Timur -Hazrat-i-Sahib-i-Qiran.jpg
- **caption**: A page from Tarikh-i-Khandan-i-Timuriyah This painting depicts the death of Timur, Hazrat-i-Sahib-i-Qiran
- **author**: Akbar
- **country**: India
- **language**: Persian language, Persian
- **series**: Persian literature
- **subjects**: Recorded history, Historical record
- **pages**: 338
- **genre**: Memoir, Historical Memoir
- **pub date**: 16th century
- **media type**: Book
Kuhmalahti

**Kuhmalahti** is a former municipality in Pirkanmaa, Finland. As of 31 October 2010, 1,047 people lived there. It has an area of 220.67 km². Since 2011, Kuhmalahti became a part of Kangasala.
Merijärvi

**Merijärvi** is a municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. As of 31 December 2023, 1,055 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Alavieska, Kalajoki, Oulainen, Pyhäjoki and Ylivieska. Most people speak Finnish.

Merijärvi was founded in 1866.

## Other websites

- Municipality of Merijärvi – Official website
Alavieska

**Alavieska** is a municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. As of 31 December 2023, 2,435 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Kalajoki, Merijärvi, Oulainen and Ylivieska.

It was founded in 1879.

One of the [main] rivers is Kalajoki river.

## Other websites

- Municipality of Alavieska – Official website
Strasburg, Germany

**Strasburg** (officially: **Strasburg (Uckermark)**) is a town in Vorpommern-Greifswald in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Strasburg is in the historic Uckermark region. The nearest large cities are Pasewalk and Prenzlau. It is the regional center of Neubrandenburg and is part of the Szczecin metropolitan area in Poland.

The town was first mentioned as _Straceburch_ in 1267 by Duke Barnim I of Pomerania. In 1952, Strasburg was a part of the Neubrandenburg district and was the capital of the district of the same name.

The Saint Mary Church was built between 1250 and 1280 and later transformed into a High Gothic hall church.

## Twin towns

Strasburg is twinned with:
- Brodnica, Poland
- Drawsko Pomorskie, Poland
- Straßburg, Austria

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Strasburg
- **type**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Marktplatz und Marienkirche in Strasburg (Uckermark).jpg
- **image caption**: Market square and Saint Mary church in Strasburg
- **image coa**: Wappen_Strasburg_(Uckermark).svg
- **image plan**: Strasburg (Uckermark) in SVO.svg
- **state**: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
- **district**: Vorpommern-Greifswald
- **elevation**: 60
- **area**: 86.84
- **postal code**: 17335
- **area code**: 039753
- **licence**: VG, SBG
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 13 0 75 130
- **divisions**: 11
- **website**: [https://www.strasburg.de/ www.strasburg.de]
- **mayor**: Karina Dörk
Fabio Coltorti

**Fabio Coltorti** (born 3 December 1980) is a former Swiss football player. He played as a goalkeeper. He has played for Kriens, Schaffhausen, Thun, Grasshoppers, Racing Santander, Lausanne-Sport, RB Leipzig and the Switzerland national team.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Fabio Coltorti
- **image**: Fabio Coltorti RB Leipzig 23-05-2015.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Coltorti in 2015
- **fullname**: Fabio Coltorti
- **birth place**: Kriens, Switzerland
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthyears1**: 1987–1999
- **youthclubs1**: SC Kriens, Kriens
- **years1**: 1999–2001
- **clubs1**: SC Kriens, Kriens
- **caps1**: 12
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 2001–2003
- **clubs2**: FC Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen
- **caps2**: 61
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2003–2005
- **clubs3**: FC Thun, Thun
- **caps3**: 58
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2005–2007
- **clubs4**: Grasshopper Club Zürich, Grasshoppers
- **caps4**: 77
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 2007–2011
- **clubs5**: Racing de Santander, Racing Santander
- **caps5**: 36
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 2011–2012
- **clubs6**: FC Lausanne-Sport, Lausanne-Sport
- **caps6**: 24
- **goals6**: 0
- **years7**: 2012–2018
- **clubs7**: RB Leipzig
- **caps7**: 92
- **goals7**: 1
- **totalcaps**: 360
- **totalgoals**: 1
- **nationalyears1**: 2006–2007
- **nationalteam1**: Switzerland national football team, Switzerland
- **nationalcaps1**: 8
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Ford Transit Custom

**Ford Transit Custom** is a mid-sized, front wheel drive van made by Ford Europe from 2012 to the present day. It is currently in its second generation.

A leisure version called the **Tourneo Custom** is made too.

## First generation (2012–present)

The first generation Transit Custom was launched in 2012.

In 2018, it was improved. It had a new front bumper, new grille and new front lights.

#### Transit Custom Nugget

From 2019 to the present day, Ford makes a campervan called the Transit Custom Nugget. It is made by Ford and the outside and inside is changed by Westfalia. It has a sink, stove, and foldout beds.

#### Swift Monza

From 2021 to the present day, Ford makes a campervan called the Swift Monza. It is made by Ford and the outside and inside is changed by Swift Leisure and the name is changed to Swift Monza. It has a sink, stove, and foldout beds.

#### Vietnam

The Transit Custom was launched in Vietnam on 12 September 2019 until June 2021.

#### China

In February 2023, Jiangling Ford launched the 2018 model **Transit V362** in China.

## Second generation (2023–present)

The second generation Transit Custom was launched in November 2023.

#### Transit Custom Nugget

The Ford Transit Custom Nugget is a small campervan van. It is sold by Ford and changed by Westfalia. It has a sink, stove, and foldout beds.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Ford Transit Custom
- **image**: Ford Transit Custom (2023) 1X7A1605.jpg
- **manufacturer**: Ford of Europe
- **production**: 2012–present
- **class**: Light commercial vehicle (M-segment, M)
- **layout**: Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout
- **predecessor**: Ford Transit
Mazda Bongo, Ford Econovan
Liang Wenbo

**Liang Wenbo** (; born 5 March 1987) is a Chinese former professional snooker player. He won one ranking title at the 2016 English Open. He twice won the World Cup for China in 2011 and 2017 with teammate Ding Junhui. Liang was runner-up at the 2009 Shanghai Masters and the 2015 UK Championship. He made 292 century breaks in professional competition, including three maximum breaks. He reached a career high of 11th in the snooker world rankings.

Liang was convicted on a domestic assault charge in April 2022. The sport's governing body, the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA), suspended him for four months. The WPBSA suspended Liang again in October 2022. It carried out a match-fixing investigation by him and nine other Chinese players. It found Liang guilty of multiple match-fixing offences, as well as destroying evidence and not cooperating with the investigation. The WPBSA announced in June 2023 that it had permanently banned Liang and compatriot Li Hang from the sport, the only two lifetime bans ever handed down in professional snooker. The Chinese Billiards and Snooker Association (CBSA) upheld the WPBSA's decision.

## Other websites

- Liang Wenbo at the World Snooker Tour (archived)
- Liang Wenbo at snooker.org

## Infobox (snooker player)

- **name**: Liang Wenbo
- **image**: Liang Wenbo PHC 2016.jpg
- **caption**: Liang at the 2016 Paul Hunter Classic
- **birth place**: Zhaodong, Heilongjiang, China
- **professional**: 2005–2023
- **high ranking**: 11 (October, December 2016, May 2017)
- **official maximums**: 3
- **ranking wins**: 1
- **minor wins**: 1
- **medals-expand**: yes
Self-hating Jew

A **Self-hating Jew** is a Jew who is antisemitic.

## Etymology

The phrase “self-hating Jew” was created by Theodor Lessing in the 1930s. He was trying to figure out why Jewish intellectuals liked to criticize Judaism.

### Saint Paul

Some people think Saint Paul was a self-hating Jew who left his people and did bad things to other Jews. Others disagree.

### Otto Weininger

In 1903, Otto Weininger, a Jew who converted to Christianity, wrote a book called _Sex and Character_ which called Judaism “the extreme of cowardliness” and Christianity "the highest expression of the highest faith". He complained that Judaism was too feminine, had bad ethics, and hurt family.

Adolf Hitler used some of Weininger’s ideas for his propaganda.

### Use in Zionism

In the 1930s and 1940s (and also later than that), Zionists called Jews who opposed Zionism “self-hating Jews.” Theodor Herzl used the phrase “anti-Semite of Jewish origin”.

### Daniel Burros

Daniel Burros was an American Jew who joined both the American Nazi Party (ANP) and the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Both organizations are openly antisemitic, and Burros kept his Jewish identity a secret. After having joined the ANP in the 1950s, he left over conflicts with George Lincoln Rockwell and joined the Ku Klux Klan.

In 1965, despite receiving death threats, a journalist named McCandlish Phillips discovered that Burros was Jewish and wrote an article about it in the New York Times. Burros killed himself the same day the article was published.

## Criticism of the Concept

Self-styled Anti-Zionist Jews have criticized the concept of "self-hating Jews." They argue that this term is misused to accuse people of antisemitism.
Kurixalus odontotarsus

The **serrate-legged small tree frog** or **serrated frilled tree frog** (_Kurixalus odontotarsus_) is a frog.  It lives in China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. People have seen it between 250 and 1500 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in forests and places where smaller woody plants grow. The tadpoles swim inditches or bodies of water that dry up for part of the year.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place. However, human beings cut down the forests where it lives to build farms and get wood to build with.
Star Wars: Rogue Squadron

***Star Wars: Rogue Squadron*** is an action arcade flight video game. It was published by LucasArts, with Nintendo doing publishing in Europe. It was developed by both Factor 5 and LucasArts.

The game was released on December 3, 1998 in North America and on December 4, 1998 in Europe for the Windows. It was also released on December 8, 1998 in North America and on January 10, 1999 in Europe for the Nintendo 64.

The game's setting is during the Galactic Empire and Rebel Alliance war. In the game, the player plays as Luke Skywalker and travels to different planets to destroys enemies and protect the survival of the Rebellion.

A spiritual successor called _Star Wars Episode I: Battle for Naboo_ was released in 2001. Two proper sequels were released for the game. _Rogue Squadron II: Rogue Leader_ in 2001 and _Rebel Strike_ in 2003.

## Reception

The game was very well liked by game critics. Critics said that they liked the flight mechanics, graphics, sounds, and upgrades. However, they also said that they didn't like that there was so much distance fog in the game and that there was no multiplayer modes.

The game won Best Action Computer Game at the Origins Awards in 1998.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Star Wars: Rogue Squadron
- **developer**: Factor 5
LucasArts
- **publisher**: LucasArts <small>(N64, Windows)</small>
Nintendo <small>(N64) (Europe)</small>
- **director**: Mark Haigh-Hutchinson
Brett Tosti
- **producer**: Julian Eggebrecht
- **designer**: Kevin Schmitt
- **programmer**: Thomas Engel
Holger Schmidt
Amit Shalev
- **artist**: Craig Rundels
- **platforms**: Microsoft Windows, Windows, Nintendo 64
- **release**: **Windows****Nintendo 64**
- **series**: _Star Wars_
- **genre**: Action game, Action, arcade flight
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player
A Fleeting Encounter

***A Fleeting Encounter*** () is a 2022 Swiss Luxembourgian drama movie directed by Romed Wyder and starring Felipe Castro, Pooneh Hajimohammadi, Elisabet Johannesdottir.
Dan Burros

**Daniel Burros** was an American Jew who joined the American Nazi Party and later the Ku Klux Klan and killed himself after people found out he was Jewish.

## Early Life

Daniel Burros was born to Jewish parents in New York in 1937. He studied at a Jewish school and had a Bar mitzvah in 1950.

## Military Career

In 1955, Burros tried to join the United States Army but they said no after he tried to kill himself and praised Hitler.

## American Nazi Party

Burros joined George Lincoln Rockwell and the American Nazi Party but not everyone there trusted him. In 1964, Burros and some of his friends were arrested for trying to start an anti-Semitic riot.

## Ku Klux Klan

After being in the American Nazi Party, Dan Burros joined the Ku Klux Klan. A journalist named John McCandish Philips wrote an article in The New York Times revealing that Burros was Jewish. Then Burros committed suicide.
Dhund

**Dhund** can be

- Dhund (tribe), Also (Dhund abbasi) a tribe of northern Pakistan and azad kashmir
- Dhund (1973 movie), Indian Hindi-language thriller movie by B. R. Chopra, starring Sanjay Khan, Zeenat Aman and Danny Denzongpa
- Dhund (2003 movie), Indian Hindi-language thriller movie by Shyam Ramsay, starring Amar Upadhyay, Apurva Agnihotri, Aditi Govitrikar and Irrfan Khan
- _Dhund_ (TV series), a Pakistani television series

## Related pages

- Kohra (disambiguation)
Ups and Downs (1983 movie)

***Up and Downs*** is a 1983 Canadian drama movie directed by Paul Almond and starring Andrew Sabiston, Leslie Hope, Eric Angus, Margo Nesbitt, Gavin Brennan, Colin Skinner, Bobby Pollard.
Argyrosomus regius

***Argyrosomus regius***, also known as the **meagre** or **croaker**, is a species of drum that belongs in the genus _Argyrosomus_. It is found in the Atlantic Ocean and also the Mediterranean and Black Sea.

## Etymology

The specific name _regius_ means "royal".

## Classification

_Argyrosomus regius_ was described in 1801 as ***Perca regia*** by Ignacio Jordán Claudio de Asso y del Río. Later though, the species name was changed and is now a synonym.

### Synonyms

- _Sciaena aquila_ <small>Cuvier, 1817</small>
- _Perca regia_ <small>Asso, 1801</small>
- _Argyrosomus regium_ <small>Asso, 1801</small>
- _Sciaena regius_ <small>Asso, 1801</small>
- _Cheilodipterus aquila_ <small>Lacepède, 1803</small>
- _Sciaena aquila_ <small>Lacepède, 1803</small>
- _Perca vanloo_ <small>Risso, 1810</small>
- _Argyrosomus procerus_ <small>De la Pylaie, 1835</small>
- _Johnius hololepidotus_ <small>Lacepède, 1801</small>

## Description

The meagre is a relatively large fish with tiny eyes. It has a body that looks like that of a cod, but with a smaller dorsal fin and a slightly longer body. It can reach up to 2.3 m (7.5 ft) in length and 103 kg (227 lb) in weight. You can easily see the lateral line.

### Life history

Breeding takes place from May to July. The juveniles leave the estuary and move to coastal waters where they spend the winter months. They go back to the estuary when it is spring from the middle of May. The females produce about 800,000 eggs. When the water temperature is 17–22 °C (63–72 °F), spawning will happen.

### What they eat

The juveniles eat small demersal fish and crustaceans. When they've grown to 30–40 cm, they will start feeding on pelagic fish and cephalopods.

### Fisheries

_Argyrosomus regius_ is fished using trawls. The main fisheries are in Mauritania, Morocco, and Egypt.

### Aquaculture

The aquaculture of this fish is experimental. There are a few facilities in southern France.

## Related pages

- Sciaenidae
- Rhamphoichthys
- Pachycormiformes
- Rougheye rockfish

## References

1. <small>"_Argyrosomus regius_". British Marine Life Study Society. Retrieved 26 December 2016.</small>
1. <small>Pollard, D.A.; Bizsel, K. (2020). "_Argyrosomus regius_". _IUCN Red List of Threatened Species_.</small>
Hell's Kitchen (American TV series)

***Hell's Kitchen*** is an American television series created by Gordon Ramsay for Fox and it also stars chef Gordon Ramsay. It is based on Ramsay's British
version of the same television show _Hell's Kitchen_. The show debuted on May 30, 2005.

In the show, 20 chefs compete on two teams. Sometimes chefs will be swapped to different teams. The two teams cook against each other in Ramsay's restaurant during a dinner service and compete in challenges. Throughout the season, chefs are gradually eliminated from the competition at the end of episodes until one is left. When six chefs are left, they will be awarded a black jacket and will compete in the competition by themselves.

The show has been very popular since it's debut. The fifth episode of the fourth season recorded a total of 11.94 million viewers watch it. _Hell's Kitchen_ has also been nominated for many awards as well. Among the awards, it won in the category of Television — Awards Show, Variety, Music or Non-Fiction Program in 2008. The show was also nominated for the same category in 2007 but lost. The show has also been nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards in the Outstanding Art Direction for Variety, Music or Nonfiction Programming category in 2007, 2008, and 2009 respectively.

There have also been a fine dining restaurant chain of the same name that is based off of the television show which was first opened in January 2018. A video game based on the show, titled _Hell's Kitchen: The Game_ was released on September 9, 2008.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Reality television, Reality competition
- **creator**: Gordon Ramsay
- **starring**: Gordon Ramsay
- **opentheme**: "Fire (Ohio Players song), Fire" by the Ohio Players
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 23
- **num episodes**: 357
- **composer**: David Vanacore
- **runtime**: 41–44 minutes
- **network**: Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox
- **last aired**: present
- **related**: _Hell's Kitchen (British TV series), Hell's Kitchen_
Chhaya

**Chhaya** or **Chaya** (Sanskrit: छाया, <small>romanized:</small> _Chāyā_, <small>lit. </small>'shadow' or 'shade') is the Hindu personification and goddess of shadow, also called **Sandhya** and a consort of Surya, the Hindu sun god. She is the shadow-image or reflection of Saranyu (Sanjna), the first wife of Surya.
Serhado

**Serhad Ayaz** or by stage name **Serhado**   (born December 15, 1984, Stockholm, Sweden ) is a Kurdish rapper. Serhado is one of the first satirists who sing rap songs in Kurdish.

## Life

Ayaz was born on December 15, 1984 in Stockholm, Sweden, to a family of Kurdish origin. His family is originally from the village of Narlı (Kurdish: _Helex_) in the Midyat district of Mardin province, Turkey.

His family immigrated to Sweden in the 1970s. His father works on the Kurdish television channel Mêd TV in Brussels, the capital of Belgium. That's why he didn't see his father much. He lost his father at the age of 14.  Growing up in Stockholm, Serhad later moved to Sollentuna with his family.

## Career

He started rapping in Swedish when he was 13 years old. He wanted to do it in Kurdish, but he was very afraid. After overcoming his fear, he turned to Kurdish.

In 2007, he released her debut album 'Xewna Jiyan (Hiphop bi Kurdi)'. The songs 'Lo Dilo' and 'Gulen Gulistane' in the album attracted great attention. In 2009, she released the album 'Xeyela Evîn'. The songs 'Ez Kurdistan im', 'Zimane Kurdi' and 'Beri Herteşti' from the album attracted attention.

In 2013, he released the album 'Bihuşta Xeyelan'. After taking a break for a while, he released his EP album 'Ax'.

In the past, Serhado traveled from Batman province to Antalya province. However, he was detained by police teams. It was learned that the reason was taken due to an investigation in the province of Siirt. Serhad, who was released after his statement was taken, returned to Sweden without going to Antalya.

Serhado also sang together with Kurdish singer Şehrîban for the football team Amedspor, which operates in the Turkish province of Diyarbakır.

## Diskographie

- Xewna Jiyan (2007)
- Xeyala Evîn (2009)
- Bihuşta Xeyalan (2013)
- Hêvî (2020)
- Ax (2021)
- Robîn (2021)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Serhado
- **image**: Serhado.jpg
- **genre**: Hip-hop, Rap
- **occupation**: Rapper
- **years active**: 2007–present
- **label**: Deutsch-Kurdisches Kulturstintut, Kom Muzîk
- **birth name**: Serhad Ayaz
- **birth place**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **origin**: Kurds
Ma Ma (2015 movie)

***Ma Ma*** () is a 2015 Spanish French drama movie directed by Julio Medem and starring Penélope Cruz, Luis Tosar, Asier Etxeandia, Teo Planell. It was distributed by Entertainment One Films and was nominated for 3 Goya Awards in 2016.
Sea Beggars

The Sea Beggars were pirates who made a living in the 1560s by capturing ships on the North Sea. On 1 April 1572, six hundred Sea Beggars seized by surprise the small harbor city of Brill.
Sex and Lucia

***Sex and Lucia*** () is a 2001 Spanish romantic drama movie written and directed by Julio Medem and starring Paz Vega, Tristán Ulloa, Najwa Nimri, Daniel Freire, Javier Cámara, Silvia Llanos, Elena Anaya. It won 2 Goya Awards and was nominated for 8 Goya Awards in 2002.