juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
25 Churchill Place

**25 Churchill Place** is a skyscraper in the eastern part of the London financial district Canary Wharf.

Potential tenants included Aon, Deutsche Bank and News Corp.

## Information

It is 118 metres (387 ft) and it opened in 2014, the same year when construction was completed after two years of construction.

### Tenants

- Ernst & Young (Floors 14 to 21)
- Wework (Floors 1 to 11 and 13)

## Infobox (building)

- **image**: Geograph-3639351-by-Alex-McGregor.jpg
- **caption**: 25 Churchill Place in August 2013
- **name**: 25 Churchill Place
- **status**: Finished
- **location**: Canary Wharf
- **floor count**: 23
- **architect**: Kohn Pederson Fox
Colíder

**Colíder** is a municipality in the state of Mato Grosso in the Central-West Region of Brazil. It is 650 km far from the state's capital Cuiabá. In 2017, its population was estimated to 32,298 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Colíder
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **image flag**: Bandeira de Colíder (Mato Grosso).png
- **image seal**: Brasão Colíder MT.png
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Brazil
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Brazil, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Central-West Region, Brazil, Center-West
- **subdivision type2**: States of Brazil, State
- **subdivision name2**: Mato Grosso
- **subdivision type3**: Mesoregion
- **subdivision name3**: Norte Mato-Grossense
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **timezone**: UTC -3
Jimmy Cavallo

**James Cavallo** (March 14, 1927 – December 2, 2019) was an American saxophonist. His genres included R&B and rock. He was best known for performing with his band in the 1956 movie, _Rock, Rock, Rock_. His band Jimmy and the Houserockers were the first white band to play at the Apollo Theater in Harlem. Cavallo was born in Syracuse, New York.

Cavallo died of heart failure on December 2, 2019 in Pompano Beach, Florida at the age of 92.

## Other websites

- NewTimesBPB.com article
- LeonoreDecor.com article
- imdb.com biography
Apollo Theater

The ** Apollo Theater** is a music hall located at 253 West 125th Street between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard (Seventh Avenue) and Frederick Douglass Boulevard in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City.  It is a known location for African-American performers, and is the home of _Showtime at the Apollo_.

In 1983, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Apollo Theater
- **image**: Harlem - Apollo Theater (48555309512).jpg
- **caption**: (2019)
- **location**: 254 West 125th Street
Manhattan, New York City
- **locmapin**: New York City#New York#USA
- **built**: 1913–1914
- **architect**: George Keister
- **architecture**: Classical Revival
- **added**: November 17, 1983
- **governing body**: Apollo Theater Foundation
- **refnum**: 83004059
- **designated other2 name**: NYC Landmark
- **designated other2 date**: June 28, 1983
- **designated other2 abbr**: NYCL
- **designated other2 link**: New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
- **designated other2 color**: #ffe978
Rosa Morena

**Rosa Morena** (11 July 1941 – 4 December 2019) was a Spanish flamenco pop singer, model, dancer and actress. She was known for her 1970s hit song "Échale guindas al pavo". Morena was born in Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. Her best known movie roles were _Alborada en cartagena: El secreto de las esmeraldas_ (1966), _Flor salvaje_ (1968), _Entre ríos y encinares_ (1971) and _El Retorno del Hombre Lobo_ (1980).

## Death

Morena died on 4 December 2019 in Badajoz, Spain from breast cancer at the age of 78.
Bob Willis

**Robert George Dylan Willis**  (born **Robert George Willis**; 30 May 1949 – 4 December 2019) was an English cricketer. He played for Surrey, Warwickshire, Northern Transvaal and England. He was a _Wisden_ Cricketer of the Year for 1978. He was born in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England.

Willis died on 4 December 2019 at the age of 70.
Samoa Observer

The ***Samoa Observer*** is the biggest newspaper group in Samoa. It is written in English and Samoan. The paper that is sold on Monday to Friday is called the ***Samoa Observer***, the paper sold on Saturdays is the ***Weekend Observer***, and the one on Sundays is the ***Sunday Samoan***.

The _Samoa Observer_ has articles on news in Samoa, news in other countries, opinion essays, sports, and investigations by reporters. The Samoa Observer was founded in 1978 by Editor in Chief Savea Sano Malifa, a poet and Pacific news writer who received the Commonwealth Astor Award for press freedom in 1998.

The _Samoa Observer_ has gotten awards for investigative journalism. Some government officials and business leaders have sued the _Samoa Observer_ in court for the stories it wrote about crime or other bad acts.

The paper's offices are located in Apia, the capital city of Samoa.  In 1994, the offices were damaged in a fire after it printed stories about government corruption.

## Infobox (newspaper)

- **name**: Samoa Observer
- **image**: Logo of Samoa Observer.svg
- **type**: newspaper
- **foundation**: 1978
- **owners**: Samoa Observer Limited
- **publisher**: Muliaga Jean Ash Malifa
- **editor**: Mata’afā Keni Lesa
- **headquarters**: Apia, Samoa
Fetoscopy

**Fetoscopy** is a medical procedure to examine and treat an unborn child. It is only done in specialized hospitals. Because it is difficult to do, it is only done for severe illnesses. The complication that occurs most often is that the baby is born early, or that a miscarriage occurs. This happens in up to 5% of the cases. In many cases, fetoscopy is completented or replaced by medical ultrasound.
Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque

**Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque** (built 1192 - 1316) Quwwat-ul-Islam was sponsored by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Delhi Sultanate. The Quwwat-ul-Islam is best known for its tower of victory, celebrating the Islamic conquest of India. 27 Jain and Hindu temples were dismantled and their stonework salvaged into the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque. It consists of a rectangular courtyard enclosed by cloisters. Perhaps it was the first monument of iconoclast in India. It is in contradiction to Hasan Nizami's account of Aibak as peaceful and 'Lakh Baksh' or 'giver of lakhs' in his book Taj-ul-Masir. It is said he was generous and spent huge sums in charity. But it may also be that the monument was hurriedly built with the building material from the temple as Aibak had not established himself firmly in India at that time.

Quwwat-ul-Islam, the "Glory of Islam," was hastily erected by the young amir, who conscripted an army of local craftsmen, presumably Hindus, to assemble the structure thought there is no evidence to confirm the religious demography of the craftsmen

The Qūwat-ul-Islām mosque (completed 1196), consisting of cloisters around a courtyard with the sanctuary to the west, was built in Delhi from the remains of demolished temples celebrating the Muslim conquest of India. It is built of red sandstone, gray quartz, and white marble, but is probably inspired by the “Iron Pillar " that stands on the site. Built in the Gupta dynasty in the 6th century, it is the only piece of the temple that stands in its original location. Qutb built around it when he constructed the mosque. Although made of iron, it has resisted rust for over 1,500 years.

Later, a lofty arched screen was erected and the mosque was enlarged by later Delhi sultans Shams-ud-Din Iltutmish (A.D. 1210 - 1235) and Ala-ud-Din Khalji. The Iron Pillar in the courtyard bears an inscription in Sanskrit in Brahmi script of fourth century A.D., according to which the pillar was set up as a Vishnudhvaja (standard of god Vishnu) on the hill known as Vishnupada in memory of a mighty king named Chandra. A deep socket on the top of the ornate capital indicates that probably an image of Garuda was fixed into it.This was congregational mosque of the first city built by sultans, described in chronicles as Dehli-i-Kuhna (the old city).
Non-volatile memory

**Non-volatile memory (NVM)** is a type of computer memory that can hold its data even when the computer’s power is turned off.

Unlike volatile memory, it does not need its data to be continually refreshed.

It is the type of memory used in ROM memory chips such as those holding a PC's bootloader program. Flash memory, often used in secondary storage, is also non-volatile.
Minh Mạng

**Minh Mạng** ([mïŋ˧ maːŋ˧˨ʔ]; 25 May 1791 – 20 January 1841), personal name **Nguyễn Phúc Đảm**, also known as **Nguyễn Phúc Kiểu**, was the second emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnamese History. His reign lasted 21 years, from 1820 until his death in 1841.

## Biography

Emperor Minh Mạng was the fourth son of Emperor Gia Long; his mother was Trần Thị Đang, second wife of Gia Long (conferred Empress Dowager Nhân Tuyên later). Three eldest son of Gia Long, Crown prince Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh, _Duke of Thuận An_ Nguyễn Phúc Hy and prince Nguyễn Phúc Tuấn, had died before their father, so Minh Mạng was the eldest son of Gia Long at that time.

Minh Mạng is reported to have 142 children from 43 wives. He also had many concubines whose childless, and not be reported in royal pedigree. The first wife of him was Empress Consort Tá Thiên Hồ Thị Hoa, mother of Emperor Thiệu Trị, but she died after 13 days giving birth. The second wife, _First-rank of Royal Concubine Hiền phi_ Ngô Thị Chính, was the most beloved wife of Minh Mạng, but she had not been conferred as Empress Consort.
Ngô Thị Chính

**Ngô Thị Chính** (or **Chánh**) (1792 – 1843) was an imperial consort of Emperor Minh Mạng of the Nguyễn Dynasty in Vietnamese History.

## Biography

Ngô Thị Chính was born in Đăng Xương, Huế, daughter of _Attorney General_ Ngô Văn Sở and lady Nguyễn Thị Đích. She also had 2 younger brother named Thắng and Thọ.

Lady Chính married Minh Mạng while he was still as Crown Prince. In 1820, Minh Mạng crowned, lady Chính was granted the title _Cung tần_ (_Imperial maid_), as well as other concubines of him. Because at that time, lady Hồ Thị Hoa had died after giving birth to Miên Tông (Thiệu Trị later), lady Chính was the primary wife of Minh Mạng, leader of the harem.

Not long after that, she was granted **Tam giai Hiền tần** (_Third-rank of Royal Concubine Hiền tần_). The First and Second-rank was emptied, so Hiền tần still kept the highest rank in the harem. In 1836, she was elevated to **Nhất giai Hiền phi** (_First-rank of Royal Concubine Hiền phi_).

Although more than 40, Hiền Phi still gave birth to a son, proving that she was still loved by the emperor despite her age.

In 1843, Hiền Phi died at 52 years old and was buried at Hương Thủy, Huế. Emperor Thiệu Trị granted the posthumous name for Hiền phi, was **Tuệ Khiết**.

## Children

Hiền phi Ngô Thị Chính gave birth to 9 children for Minh Mạng:

1. Prince Nguyễn Phúc Chính (August 26, 1807 – 1808), the second prince, died prematurely.
1. _Second-rank Prince of Vĩnh Tường_, Nguyễn Phúc Miên Hoành (July 12, 1811 – November 23, 1835), the 5th prince.
1. Princess Nguyễn Phúc Ngọc Tông (July 17, 1812 – April 3, 1824), the eldest princess, died young.
1. _Princess of An Phú_, Nguyễn Phúc Khuê Gia (August 12, 1813 – April 28, 1865), 2nd princess.
1. _Princess of Lộc Thành_, Nguyễn Phúc Uyển Diễm (1815 – August 29, 1836), 3rd princess.
1. _Second-rank Prince of Vĩnh Tường_, Nguyễn Phúc Miên Áo (January 4, 1817 – February 1, 1865), 6th prince.
1. _Second-rank Duke of Hòa_, Nguyễn Phúc Miên Quân (August 31, 1828 – August 17, 1863), the 40th prince.
1. Princess Nguyễn Phúc Thụy Thục (1829 – June 12, 1835), 32nd princess, died young.
1. _Third-rank Duke of Quảng Hóa_, Nguyễn Phúc Miên Uyển (February 12, 1833 – November 30, 1893), 60th prince.
Larinus planus

***Larinus planus*** is a weevil, an insect of the Curculionidae family. It is native to Europe, and is also common in North America. Both the larvae and adults feed on flower buds, mostly of thistles. They are oval shaped, dark brown or black, and about 5-10 millimeters long.

The larvae stage does the most damage to the flower bud. In North America it has been used as a biocontrol agent.

_Larinus planus_ has been used in North America to control the creeping thistle, a weed from Europe. It has spread to other plants. In 2000, it was found eating _Cirsium undulatum_. This is a thistle native to western Colorado and eastern Utah. Later research found that it had reduced the amount of seeds produced by the native thistle. It has also been found to have a bad effect on _Cirsium pitcheri_.

It is normal for introduced species to spread rapidly because they are free of the parasites and predators of their native land.
Ant-Man

**Ant-Man** is the name of several fictional characters and superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by Stan Lee and his companions. He was first made by **Hank Pym**, a genius who had many scientific advances. Later on the suit was stolen by **Scott Lang**, who soon became the new Ant-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).

## Ability

His power comes from his suit and tools of high tech tool. Hank Pym study's about subatomic particles which he call the Pym Particles. These particles are inside unknown gas which where his power comes from, when he is going to turn into different size. The unknown gas that Pym study from the micro particles makes his body shrink when he inhales or drinks a potion of the Pym Particles.

Even though he is a small size, he still has human strength. As an ant, he has the ability to carry a heavy weight. Like an ant he can carry up to 50,000 pound.

### Weakness

Ant-Man's different size can cause stress to his body and his mind.

### Weapon

The Stinger a small and very powerful stun beam. It shoots a beam creating explosion.

## Villains (comic & movie)

Like all superheroes, Ant-Man also has a huge amount of villains to fight.

The earliest criminals Ant-Man had in Marvel Comics are: Egghead, Scarlet Beetle, The Hijacker, The Voice, The Porcupine, The Living Eraser, The Human Top, The Black Knight, El Toro, Nikita Khrushchev.

## Partners

- The Avengers

- The Wasp

## In other media

The character has appeared in television series, action figures, and video games. In live-action, the Hank Pym and Scott Lang incarnations of the character are portrayed by Michael Douglas and Paul Rudd in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) franchise.
SCP

**SCP** may refer to:

- The SCP Foundation, a fictional writing site centered around a group containing anomalies
- Secure copy
- Supreme Court of Pakistan
- Sporting Clube de Portugal
Garfield Minus Garfield

***Garfield Minus Garfield***, also known as ***Jon Arbuckle***, is a comic published on the internet. It was created by Dan Walsh, a technology manager from Dublin, Ireland. It got a lot of attention during 2008. Each comic strip consists of a previous _Garfield_ comic strip with every character except Garfield's owner Jon Arbuckle removed. Dan Walsh says he was not the first to come up with this idea, but was the first to make it popular.

## Content

Because Garfield is not present, the comic strips mostly show his owner, Jon Arbuckle, interacting with himself instead of Garfield. The comic strip's website calls this "a journey deep into the mind of an isolated young everyman as he fights a losing battle against loneliness and depression in a quiet American suburb."

## Reception

_Garfield_ creator and artist Jim Davis has said he occasionally reads the comic strip, it fascinates him, and he finds it to be an "inspired thing to do". Some variations of the idea have also been created, such as a Garfield Minus Jon Tumblr blog.

## Publication

On October 28 2008, Ballantine Books released a _Garfield Minus Garfield_ book in full color, with the original comics alongside the edited ones. It is credited to Jim Davis, who officially allowed it to be published, with an introduction written by Dan Walsh. Most of the content is a section with "Garfield Minus Garfield Strips by Dan", ending with "A word from Jim Davis" and a small section of Jim Davis' own attempts at making _Garfield Minus Garfield_ comic strips.

Paws, Inc. published its own _Garfield Minus Garfield_ from November 3, 2008 to July 21, 2010, and resumed publishing on April 25, 2012. Unlike Dan Walsh's version, Paws, Inc.'s version also includes the original _Garfield_ comic strip underneath.

## Other websites

- Dan Walsh's personal blog, Travors.com

## Infobox (comic strip)

- **author**: Dan Walsh
- **status**: Current
- **first**: February 13, 2008
- **genre**: Webcomic, constrained comics, constrained,
Albany adder

The **Albany adder** is a viper that is less than a foot long and is also a highly venomous snake, native to South Africa. It is the most rare and endangered snake in South Africa. The Albany Adder has a rare brown and red pattern on its scales. It also seems to have horns over its eyebrows. The Adder reaches sexual maturity between 3 and 4 years of age. They can live around 15 years old in the wild.

## History

This breed was found in the 1990s. There have only been a dozen found, one was found dead. The last was found and recorded in 2007. A group of reptile experts went looking for this hard to find snake and were only able to find two during their first day. In 2014, the Albany Adder was put on the Critically endangered species list as the most endangered reptile.<sup> </sup>This snake was a month from being extinct due to the rule of a species not being found and recorded in a ten year span. If not recorded in this time frame, it is labeled as extinct.

## Habitat & Habits

Due to the loss of the snake's home there have been few sightings of this snake.  Scientists are keeping the location of the snake a secret in order to save it. There are now rules for their lands. The snakes reside in small plants and tiny trees. Reptile experts know nearly nothing about the what the Albany Adder eats, how they have babies, and the way they act.

Scientists know what other adder<nowiki/>s eat, how they have babies, and how they behave. They have reason to believe that these habits are similar to the Albany Adder.

Adders eat small mammal<nowiki/>s, small reptile<nowiki/>s, nesting bird<nowiki/>s, and amphibian<nowiki/>s. Scientists think Albany Adders mate nearly the same way as other Adders. Females can produce around 10-12 babies who go off on their own shortly after being born.
Needle felting

**Needle felting** is a dry felting technique that uses specially designed needles to shape wool fibers. This technique is used by artists and craftspeople to sculpt objects and decorate textiles with wool. Needle felting can be used to create soft sculpture, dolls, figurines, and two-dimensional wool paintings.

## History

Needle felting dates back to the 1980s. The technique was adapted from industrial felting by David & Eleanor Stanwood. They took needles from a wool factory and used them to create handmade felt without the use of water or soap. The skills for needle felting were passed on to Ayala Talpai, who wrote books and taught others to needle felt. Today, needle felting is still not as popular as wet felting. However, the technique is popular with many people who enjoy arts and crafts.

### Finger gloves

Finger gloves are small leather strips that cover the index finger and thumb in order to protect fingers from injury. Finger gloves can be useful for beginners, but contact with a hard surface can damage or break delicate felting needles.

### Felting cushion

A cushion or mat is needed for needle felting. A mat is used to protect both the delicate felting needles as well as the work surface below. A felting mat can be made out of many materials, but foam, sponge, or other soft materials are most popular because they can be punctured by the needle many times without being damaged.

### Felting needle

Felting needles are the most important tool for needle felting. They are specially designed with notches or 'barbs' all along the shaft to mat and lock wool fibers together. They come in a variety of sizes: smaller needles have finer barbs and can be used for more detailed work, while larger needles have thick barbs and can create felt faster than other needle sizes. The needle size is measured in gauges ranging from 12 to 42. It is a measurement of how many needles fit in a square inch. That means the higher the gauge, the smaller the needle.

### Wool

The wool that is typically used for needle felting is called roving or batting - wool that has been cleaned and carded is packaged this way for spinning and other fiber crafts. Many different types of wool are suitable for needle felting. Sheep's wool is most common, but other animal fibers and even some plant and synthetic fibers can be needle felted.

## Process

Needle felting starts by placing a cushion or mat on a flat surface. To create a 3D object, a small amount of wool is tightly rolled up into a small bundle. The wool is then stabbed over and over again with the felting needle to lock the fibers together, eventually creating a firm texture that is called felt. Adding more wool and poking it repeatedly into the felt expands the object until it achieves the desired shape. Needle felting can also be used to create 2D wool paintings. For this process, wool is applied to an existing piece of felt or fabric. Small amounts of fiber are painstakingly poked into the fabric to create the desired image.
Flemish Giant rabbit

The **Flemish Giant rabbit** is one of the largest breeds of domestic rabbits, earning the name, "King of Rabbits." Originally, these rabbits were bred for their fur and meat. It's origins are quite vague. It is believed that these rabbits are descended from the Patagonia Rabbit, possibly crossed with another rabbit. Also, no one is sure as to what region these rabbits are from.

The difference in does (females) and bucks (males) can be told by looking at their head. Bucks have a broader head while does' are dainty and have a dewlap, a fold of skin under their chin, used to keep kits (baby rabbits) warm.

The Flemish Giant rabbit has other nicknames besides "King of Rabbits." The name "Gentle Giants" was earned because unlike the smaller domestic rabbit, Flemish Giants are known for being much more calm and gentle. They are also called the "Universal Rabbit" mainly for being great pets and show animals, although, it could also be because of their use as a resource for food and material.

## Size

"Giant" obviously comes from their large size. "Flemish" was the language spoken in the region where they were being bred. Their large size does mean a bit more of food and maintenance but these rabbits can be taken care of the same way the normal domestic sized rabbits would be taken care of.

## Fur

Their glossy fur is short and dense. Their coats come in seven different colors; light gray, steel gray, black, fawn, sandy, white, and blue.

## Growth

Mature Flemish Giants weigh 13-14 lbs on average but they can weigh up to 20 pounds, even a bit more. They can grow to be bigger than some dogs. On average, the Flemish Giant can grow to 2 1/2 in length. The longest Flemish Giant recorded is 4 ft. 3 in. The typical ear length for them is 8 inches.
Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt

**Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt** is a series of rock formations in Northern Canada, on the eastern shore of the Hudson Bay. They may be up to 4.4 billion years old. The belt is one of the oldest rock formations on Earth, but there is dispute about its actual age. 3,770 million years ago is accepted by others. The rocks have been metamorphosed by later geological events.
Thai street food

**Thai street food** is a market place in Thailand where vendors set up stalls to sell food and people buy to enjoy on the go or directly on nearby tables. This event is set up throughout the day with many different Thai cuisines and desserts such as popular dishes like "Som Tam," which is a salad made from shredded green papayas topped with tomatoes, lime, peanuts, garlic, and chili peppers and "Pad Thai" which is known as the country’s famous stir-fried noodles with any kind of meat such as pork, beef, chicken, or shrimp. They also have popular desserts such as "Khao Niao Mamuang" or mango sticky rice made with a bed of sticky rice at the bottom with a fresh mango cut into slices on top and finished off with a drizzle of sweet coconut milk; these foods are usually served as a small portion, just enough for one at a very low price.

## Foods

There are many Thai cuisines displayed from noodles to curries, soups to salad, and many sweet desserts. One popular noodle soup, "Guay Teow," is made from rice noodles or egg noodles with beef, pork, and chicken stock. Sometimes vendors add wantons, which are small dumplings or meat balls, to the broth. The Thai version of spaghetti and meatballs is called "Pad See Eiw." It's a noodle dish made from wide and thick rice noodles that is stir fried in dark soy sauce with either pork, chicken, or beef and Chinese broccoli or cabbage. It's a great substitute from pad thai because it's not spicy, although some ask for dried chili flakes on the side. Those who enjoy food can also add vinegar to liven the dish. Another unique street food dish is "Massaman Gai," which is a curry that comes from Persia. This dish is flavored with Cinnamon, Tamarind sauce, and sugar, topped with roasted peanuts and bay leaves, it's made with coconut milk, potatoes, and chicken or tofu for vegetarians.

## Desserts

Thai street also has desserts. These can be wrapped or serve in other unique ways. “Khao Lam” which is Bamboo sticky rice, is served inside a bamboo stick roasted in charcoal. The inside can have white sticky rice or black sticky rice filled with black beans or sesame. The bamboo gives this dessert a unique taste. Diners crack open the top and then pull down each bamboo strip like a flower until the sticky rice is reached. This dessert's price range is from 14 cents (US) to as much as $2. Thai desserts also include ice cream. Being one of the hottest places in the world, there are a lot of stalls that sell many ice cream desserts like “Itim Kati” or coconut ice cream. This dessert is made out of coconut milk with a soft texture, a blend between creamy and icy. It's served in a coconut shell and is as cheap as 57 to 86 cents (US). There is also a unique dessert that can be found in Thai street markets called “Bua Loy Nam King” or Black sesame dumplings in ginger soup. This street dessert is originally from China. It is filled with warm spicy Ginger soup with rice flour dumplings that have black sesame paste on the inside, it’s texture is soft and chewy.
Reedley, California

**Reedley** is a city in Fresno County, California. It is about 33 kilometers southeast of Fresno. In 2020, 25,227 people lived there.
Constrained comics

**Constrained comics** are comics on which restrictions are intentionally placed.

A similar idea is constrained writing, a style of writing that also features restrictions that are intentionally placed. Using that idea, writers have attempted to do things such as write novels that are palindromes or do not feature the letter "e". Some of these ideas are sorted into their own genres of poetry, such as haiku or sonnet.

## Examples

Some notable examples of constrained comics are listed here:
- Gustave Verbeek's _The Upside Downs of Little Lady Lovekins and Old Man Muffaroo_, a comic strip with six panels in each comic strip in which the first half of the story is right-side-up, then the second half of the story is told when the story is turned up-side-down, for a total of twelve panels.
- _The Angriest Dog in the World_, a comic strip with six panels in each comic strip by David Lynch. The only difference between each comic strip is what the dog says in the first three panels.
- _Dinosaur Comics_, which uses the same artwork in each comic strip, and only what the characters say to each other changes.
- _Watchmen_ is created with various restrictions, especially the fifth issue, which is called "Fearful Symmetry", which is a palindrome.
- _Partially Clips_, a comic strip with three panels in each comic strip that uses three identical panels based on clipart.
- The many comics created by the group Oubapo.
- Matt Madden's _99 Ways to Tell a Story_.
- _Garfield Minus Garfield_, which features Jon Arbuckle without his pet cat Garfield, who is the main character of the original comic strip.

## Related pages

- Infinite canvas, a style of comics that, in a way, is the opposite of constrained comics.

## Further reading

- Baetens, Jan. Comic Strips and Constrained Writing . _Image & Narrative_. Issue 7. October 2003. Retrieved on 2008-09-24.

## Other websites

- Article about constraint on ComixTalk
Paws, Inc.

**Paws, Inc.**, also known as **Paws Incorporated**, is an American comic studio and production company owned by the children's cable television network Nickelodeon, a subsidiary fully owned by Paramout Global. American cartoonist Jim Davis started it to support the _Garfield_ series, comic strips and its licensing. It is located in Muncie, Indiana. 50 artists and licensing administrators work for Paws, Inc.. The current company building changed positions from Jim Davis's farm to Albany, which was nearby, in 1989.

In 1994, the company purchased all rights to the Garfield comic strips from 1978 to 1993 from United Feature Syndicate, except for the original black-and-white daily comic strips and original color Sunday comic strips. Paws owns the copyrights to the full-color daily comic strips and recolored Sunday comic strips because they are called a different product. The comic strip is currently distributed by Universal Uclick, while Paws, Inc. owns the rights to the comic strip.

In August 2019, ViacomCBS purchased Paws, Inc., including merchandising around the world and existing licensees, and put it under Nickelodeon. The deal did not include rights to the previous live action and CGI Garfield movies, which Walt Disney Studios owns under 20th Century Fox. Jim Davis will continue to draw the comic strip for newspapers and Universal Uclick.

## Other websites

- About Paws, Inc. on Garfield website

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Paws, Inc.
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **founder**: Jim Davis (cartoonist), Jim Davis
- **hq location city**: Albany, Indiana
- **hq location country**: United States, U.S.
- **industry**: Entertainment
- **products**: Filmmaking, Film production, Production company, television production, comics
- **owner**: Paramount Global
- **parent**: Nickelodeon
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde

The **African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde** (Portuguese: _Partieo Africano para a Indepenência da Guiné e Cabo Verde_, **PAIGC**) is a political party in Guinea-Bissau. Henri Labéry made the party in 1956. At this time, Portugal controlled Guinea-Bissau. The party wanted Guinea-Bissau to be independent.
National Front (UK)

The **National Front**  is a United Kingdom far-right, fascist political party. It is a minor party, and it has never had its representatives elected to the British or European Parliaments.
Echichens

**Echichens** is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011, the municipalities of Colombier, Monnaz and Saint-Saphorin-sur-Morges joined together to become this new municipality, Echichens.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Echichens
- **image photo**: Church of Saint-Saphorin-sur-Morges.jpg
- **municipality name**: Echichens
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Echichens COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Echichens.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Morges (district), Morges
- **postal code**: 1112
- **municipality code**: 5634
- **area**: 2.56
- **elevation**: 466
- **population**: 991
- **populationof**: 2003
- **website**: www.echichens.ch
- **mayor**: Philippe Jobin
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **places**: Colombier, Vaud, Colombier, Echichens, Monnaz, Saint-Saphorin-sur-Morges
- **demonym**: Échichanais
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bremblens, Lonay, Monnaz, Morges, Saint-Saphorin-sur-Morges
- **twintowns**: Saint-Fiacre-sur-Maine (France)
Préverenges

**Préverenges** is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is a suburb of the city of Lausanne.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Préverenges
- **image photo**: Préverenges centre 020411.jpg
- **image caption**: Préverenges village center
- **municipality name**: Préverenges
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Préverenges COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Préverenges.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Morges (district), Morges
- **postal code**: 1028
- **municipality code**: 5643
- **area**: 1.9
- **elevation**: 405
- **population**: 4059
- **populationof**: 2003
- **website**: www.preverenges.ch
- **mayor**: Guy Delacretaz
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **demonym**: Préverengeois
- **neighboring municipalities**: Denges, Lonay, Morges, Publier (FR-74), Saint-Sulpice, Vaud, Saint-Sulpice
- **twintowns**: Préveranges (France)
Lütisburg

**Lütisburg** is a municipality in Toggenburg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lütisburg
- **image photo**: Oberrindal (Foto Dietrich Michael Weidmann) 185.JPG
- **municipality name**: Lütisburg
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Wappen Lütisburg.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: St. Gallen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SG
- **district**: Toggenburg (Wahlkreis), Toggenburg
- **postal code**: 9604
- **municipality code**: 3393
- **area**: 14.09
- **elevation**: 580
- **website**: www.luetisburg.ch
- **mayor**: Hans-Peter Eisenring
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bütschwil, Degersheim, Ganterschwil, Jonschwil, Kirchberg, St. Gallen, Kirchberg, Neckertal, Mosnang, Oberuzwil
Kaumodaki

**Kaumodaki** is the most powerful gada (mace) in the Hindu mythology. It is Lord Vishnu's weapon. In some texts, it is written that the mace was gifted by Varuna (Lord of the waters in Hindu mythology) in the dwapara yuga to Lord Krishna to help Agni and fight Indra.
The Angriest Dog in the World

***The Angriest Dog in the World*** is a comic strip created by film director David Lynch.

## Background

Lynch came up with the idea for the comic strip in 1973 during a time when he was feeling very angry. The comic strip was first published in the _LA Reader_, and ran from 1983 until 1992. The comic strip was also serialized in _Cheval Noir_.

Each comic strip is introduced with a small caption featuring this text:

Each strip is visually the same. The first three panels are identical, and feature the black dog growling, tied to a post in a yard by a chain. He is between a tree on the left and one wall of a house with a window on the right. The fourth panel is the same as the previous three panels, except it is night time and a circle of light is coming from the house's window.

A word balloon appears in one or more of the panels, showing one of the members of one of the house's unseen family, either Bill, Sylvia, Pete or Billy, Jr, is speaking. The speech is usually an aphorism or a non-sequitur. Such sayings include: "If everything is real... then nothing is real as well." and "It doesn't get any better than this."

In a short essay on Lynch's _Rabbits_, Objectif Cinema notes:
> David Lynch has of course used animals within his back catalogue of work before. Dogs for instance feature in nearly every one of his movies usually as a visual prop: who could forget the scene in _Wild at Heart_ in which our canine friend scampers away with the Bank teller's severed hand? Or the mewling pups in Mary X's living room in _Eraserhead_? Indeed a dog, albeit in cartoon form, took centre stage in Lynch's cartoon series for the _LA Reader_, _The Angriest Dog in the World_. But it is here on his website that Lynch seems to be opening up more to the wonders of nature: Bees, Coyotes and Dead Mice all have a part to play in various guises and manifestations within www.davidlynch.com, and as part of the pay-per-view series, the Rabbit has been given the starring role.

## Homages

- In 2003, cartoonist Ted Rall parodied the comic strip using his comic _The Angriest Liberal in the World_.
- In 2004, _Dinosaur Comics_, a comic that uses the same sequence of illustrations, which are clip-art, in every comic strip in a similar way, made a direct reference to _The Angriest Dog in the World_.
- In 2016, the episode of _Homestar Runner_ "Later That Night... " was released. The episode of Homestar Runner features The Cheat dressed as The Angriest Dog in the World.

## Other websites

- _The Angriest Dog in the World_at Don Markstein's Toonopedia.  from the original on April 4, 2012.
Quarten

**Quarten** is a municipality in Sarganserland in the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland. It is above Lake Walen and is divided into villages: Oberterzen, Unterterzen, Quarten, Quinten, Mols, Murg, and Tannenbodenalp.

## Other websites

- Quarten Online Official website
- Official website of the village of Murg

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Quarten
- **image photo**: Quinten2.jpg
- **image caption**: Quinten
- **municipality name**: Quarten
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Quarten-blazon.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Quarten.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: St. Gallen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SG
- **district**: Sarganserland
- **postal code**: 8877 Murg
8878 Quinten
8882 Unterterzen
8883 Quarten
8884 Oberterzen
8885 Mols
- **municipality code**: 3295
- **area**: 61.90
- **elevation**: 548
- **website**: www.quarten.ch
- **mayor**: Balz Manhart
- **places**: Quarten, Oberterzen, Unterterzen, Quinten, Mols SG, Murg SG, Tannenbodenalp, Flums-Grossberg
- **neighboring municipalities**: Alt St. Johann, Amden, Engi (GL), Flums, Mühlehorn (GL), Obstalden (GL), Sool, Switzerland, Sool (GL), Walenstadt
Scottsville, Kansas

**Scottsville** is a city in Mitchell County, Kansas, United States. In 2020, 26 people lived there.

## History

Scottsville was platted in October 1878 when the railroad was extended to that point. It was named for Tom Scott, a pioneer settler.

The post office in Scottsville was closed in 1967.

## Geography

Scottsville is at  (39.542577, -97.952304).

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

### 2020 census

The 2020 census says that there were 26 people living in Scottsville. There were 10 households.

### 2010 census

The 2010 census says that there were 25 people, 11 households, and 7 families living in Scottsville.

## Other websites

- City
- Scottsville - Directory of Public Officials
- Schools
- USD 273, local school district
- Maps
- Scottsville City Map , KDOT

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Scottsville, Kansas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: Mitchell_County_Kansas_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Scottsville_Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location within Mitchell County, Kansas, Mitchell County and Kansas
- **image map1**: Map of Mitchell Co, Ks, USA.png
- **map caption1**: Kansas Department of Transportation, KDOT map of Mitchell County, Kansas, Mitchell County (:File:Kansas official transportation map legend.png, legend)
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Kansas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Kansas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Mitchell County, Kansas, Mitchell
- **subdivision type3**: List of townships in Kansas, Township
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1870s
- **established title1**: Platted
- **established date1**: 1878
- **established title2**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1907
- **named for**: Tom Scott
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **area total sq mi**: 0.25
- **area land sq mi**: 0.25
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 0.65
- **area land km2**: 0.65
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **elevation ft**: 1558
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 26
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 67420
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **area code**: Area code 785, 785
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 20-63650
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS ID
- **blank1 info**: 2396561
Haribo

**Haribo** is a German lollies company founded in 1920 by Johannes "Hans" Riegel Sr. It started in Kessenich, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia. The name is an acronym formed from **Ha**ns **Ri**egel, **Bo**nn. This is the name of the founder and the place he founded the company. Haribo created the first gummy lollies in 1922 in the form of little gummy bears called _Gummibärchen_. The current headquarters is in Grafschaft, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Haribo's slogan in German is _"Haribo macht Kinder froh – und Erwachsene ebenso"_ ("Haribo makes children happy – and adults as well").

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Haribo
- **logo**: HARIBO Logo.svg
- **logo size**: 220px
- **image**: 2013-09-02 Haribo-Zentrale, Hans-Riegel-Straße 1, Bonn-Kessenich IMG 0929.jpg
- **image caption**: Former Haribo headquarters in Kessenich (Bonn), Kessenich, Bonn
- **type**: Kommanditgesellschaft, GmbH & Co. KG
- **founder**: Hans Riegel Sr.
- **key people**: Hans Riegel
- **industry**: Candy, Lollies
- **products**: Gummy bear,  Gummy Bears, gummy candy, Gummy Lollies
- **revenue**: Euro, € 1.7–2.0 billion
- **num employees**: ~7,000 (2018)
- **location city**: Grafschaft, Rhineland
- **location country**: Germany
Eclépens

**Eclépens** is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Eclépens
- **municipality name**: Eclépens
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **image photo**: Dorfzentrum von Eclepens.jpg
- **image caption**: Eclépens village center
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Eclépens COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Eclépens.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Morges (district), Morges
- **postal code**: 1312
- **municipality code**: 5482
- **area**: 5.81
- **elevation**: 461
- **population**: 915
- **populationof**: 2003
- **website**: www.eclepens.ch
- **mayor**: Claude Dutoit
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **demonym**: Eclépanais
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bavois, Daillens, La Sarraz, Lussery-Villars, Orny, Vaud, Orny, Oulens-sous-Echallens
Reverolle

**Reverolle** was a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2021, the former municipalities of Apples, Bussy-Chardonney, Cottens, Pampigny, Reverolle and Sévery merged to form the new municipality of Hautemorges.
Saint-Saphorin-sur-Morges

**Saint-Saphorin-sur-Morges** was a municipality of the district in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the municipalities Colombier, Monnaz and Saint-Saphorin-sur-Morges joined together to become a new municipality called Echichens.
Gams

**Gams** is a municipality in Werdenberg in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Gams
- **image photo**: Gams2.jpg
- **image caption**: Gams
- **municipality name**: Gams
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: GamsSG.jpg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Gams.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: St. Gallen
- **iso-code-region**: CH-SG
- **district**: Werdenberg (Wahlkreis), Werdenberg
- **postal code**: 9473
- **municipality code**: 3272
- **area**: 22.28cm2
- **elevation**: 490
- **website**: www.gams.ch
- **mayor**: Werner Schöb
- **places**: Altendorf, Buchser Berg, Burgerau, Räfis
- **neighboring municipalities**: Buchs, St. Gallen, Buchs, Grabs, Sennwald, Wildhaus
2019 Hyderabad gang rape

The **2019 Hyderabad gang rape** was the murder of a 26 year old veterinary doctor. It had an effect across all of India.

Her body was found in Shadnagar on 28 November 2019, a day after her death. Four suspects were arrested and, according to the Hyderabad Metropolitan Police, confessed to having raped and killed the doctor. On 6 December, the police took the accused to the scene of the crime, and shot them dead, prompting accusations of extrajudicial execution and celebrations of the killings. https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/indian-police-kill-rape-murder-suspects-sparking-celebrations-doc-1mu58f4

The following account is based on the police report. The victim had parked her scooter near a toll plaza, and caught the attention of two lorry drivers and their assistants. They deflated her tire, pretended to help her, and pushed her into nearby bushes, where they raped and smothered her. Then they loaded her corpse onto a lorry and dropped it on the roadside.

The police got evidence from CCTV cameras and from the victim's mobile phone. The accused were arrested and were put in Cherlapally Central Jail for fourteen days. The Telangana Chief Minister ordered a fast-track court to try the accused for their alleged crimes.

The rape and murder caused outrage in several parts of the country. Protests and public demonstrations against rape were organized nationwide after the incident, with the public demanding stricter laws against rape and rapists.  The Minister of Home Affairs criticized the Telangana Police and stated that the government intended to amend the Indian Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure to introduce laws for quicker punishment by fast-track courts.

All four accused were killed by police on 6 December 2019, under a bridge on Bangalore Hyderabad national highway, while they were in police custody. According to the police, the suspects were taken there for a reconstruction of the crime scene.  Two of them allegedly snatched guns and attacked the police. In the ensuing shootout, all four suspects were shot dead.

Thousands of people celebrated the men's deaths. The event has no religious angle : the accused included men of both main religions.

## Infobox (news event)

- **title**: 2019 Hyderabad gang rape
- **date**: 27 November 2019
- **time**: 10 pm Indian Standard Time, IST (UTC+05:30)
- **place**: Shamshabad, near Hyderabad, India, Hyderabad, India
- **reported death(s)**: Total 5
 1 (veterinary doctor) murdered on 27 November 2019
All 4 accused killed in Encounter killings by police, police encounter on 6 December 2019