juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Chenareh

**Chenareh** (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam.  At the 2006 census, its population was 433, in 101 families.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Chenareh
- **native name**: چناره
- **settlement type**: city
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Kurdistan Province, Kurdistan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Marivan County, Marivan
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Sarshiv District (Marivan County), Sarshiv
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 433
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
Kani Dinar

**Kani Dinar** (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people are Kurds who speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam.  At the 2006 census, its population was 5,127, in 1,232 families.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Kani Dinar
- **native name**: كاني دينار
- **settlement type**: city
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Kurdistan Province, Kurdistan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Marivan County, Marivan
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Marivan County), Central
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 5127
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
Delbaran

**Delbaran** (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam.  At the 2006 census, its population was 6,104, in 1,395 families.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Delbaran
- **native name**: دلبران
- **settlement type**: city
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Kurdistan Province, Kurdistan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Qorveh County, Qorveh
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Qorveh County), Central
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 6104
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
Dezej

**Dezej** (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,292, in 559 families.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Dezej
- **native name**: دزج
- **settlement type**: city
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Kurdistan Province, Kurdistan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Qorveh County, Qorveh
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Chaharduli District, Chaharduli
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 2292
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
Serishabad

**Serishabad** (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 6,563, in 1,742 families.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Serishabad
- **native name**: سريش آباد
- **settlement type**: city
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Kurdistan Province, Kurdistan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Qorveh County, Qorveh
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Serishabad District, Serishabad
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 6563
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
Shuyesheh

**Shuyesheh** (, ) is a city in the Kurdistan province of Iran. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,136, in 280 families.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Shuyesheh
- **native name**: شويشه
- **settlement type**: city
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Kurdistan Province, Kurdistan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Sanandaj County, Sanandaj
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Kalatrazan District, Kalatrazan
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 1136
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
Saheb, Iran

**Saheb** (, ) is a city in the west side of Iran. They are followers of Islam. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,489, in 344 families.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Saheb
- **native name**: صاحب
- **settlement type**: city
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Kurdistan Province, Kurdistan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Saqqez County, Saqqez
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Ziviyeh District, Ziviyeh
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 1489
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
Irtysh River

The **Irtysh River** (; ;  / ; , _"Twirl"_; ) is a river in Siberia and Kazakhstan. It is the main tributary of the Ob River. The main tributary of the Irtysh is the Tobol River. The Ob-Irtysh forms a major drainage basin in Asia, and covers most of Western Siberia and the Altay Mountains.

From its origins as the _Kara-Irtysh_ (Vast Irtysh, kara means Vast in Turkic languages but also black. But in the context and geographic terms usually refers vast) in the Mongolian Altay mountains in Xinjiang, China, the Irtysh flows northwest through Lake Zaysan in Kazakhstan, meeting the Ishim and Tobol rivers before merging with the Ob near Khanty-Mansiysk in western Siberia, Russia after 4,248 kilometres (2,640 mi).

The name **Black Irtysh** (_Kara-Irtysh_ in Kazakh, or _Cherny Irtysh_ in Russian) is applied by some authors, especially in Russia and Kazakhstan, to the upper course of the river, from its source entering Lake Zaysan. The term **White Irtysh**, in opposition to the Black Irtysh, was occasionally used in the past to refer to the Irtysh below lake Zaysan; now this usage is largely obsolete.

## Main tributaries

The largest tributaries of the Irtysh are, from source to mouth:

- Kelan (right)
- Burqin (right)
- Kalzhyr (right)
- Kürshim (right)
- Naryn (right)
- Bukhtarma (right)
- Ulba (right)
- Uba (right)
- Chagan (left)
- Om (right)
- Tara (right)
- Uy (right)
- Osha (left)
- Shish (right)
- Ishim (left)
- Tobol (left)
- Noska (left)
- Demyanka (right)
- Konda (left)

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Irtysh River
- **image**: Irtysh river basin map.png
- **image caption**: A map of the Irtysh river basin
- **source1 location**: Altay Mountains
- **mouth location**: Ob River
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan, Russia
- **discharge1 avg**: (near Tobolsk)
Planck's law

**Planck's law** describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature _T_. The law is named after Max Planck, who proposed it in 1900. It is a pioneering result of modern physics and quantum theory.

## Related pages

- Blackbody radiation
Kure, Hiroshima

is a Japanese city in Hiroshima Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

## History

In 1894, Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi transfered the Imperial Headquarters (_Daihon'ei_) to Kure.

The modern city of Kure was founded in 1902.

The natural harbor was a naval base until the end of the Second World War.  The Japanese battleship Yamato was built at Kure.

### Timeline

- **1889**: Kure Army base established
- **1894**: Imperial Diet met at Kure
- **1902**: City of Kure created from merger of Washō, Futagawa, Miyahara and Sōyamada
- **1903**: Kure Naval Arsenal established.

## Education

- Goko Academy

## Other websites

- http://www.city.kure.lg.jp/english/index.html ; [http://www.city.kure.lg.jp/ ]
- Yamato Museum
Etajima, Hiroshima

is a Japanese city in Hiroshima Prefecture on the Etajima Island at the entrance of the bay of  Hiroshima.

## History

Etajima was the site of the  from 1888 to 1945.

The present city was created in 2004. It was created by uniting 4 towns: Etajima, Nōmi, Ōgaki, and Okimi.

## Other websites

- Etajima City website
Hioki, Kagoshima

is a Japanese city in Kagoshima Prefecture on the island of Honshu.

## History

The city was created in 2005 from the merger of the towns of Fukiage, Higashiichiki, Hiyoshi and Ijūin.

## Sister cities

- Subang Jaya

## Other websites

- Hioki City website
Bagh, Azad Kashmir

**Bagh** () is a sub-district of Bagh District, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
Jason Spezza

**Jason Rocco Anthony Spezza** (born June 13, 1983 in Mississauga, Ontario) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. He played a total of 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Ottawa Senators, Dallas Stars and Toronto Maple Leafs.

He began his hockey career with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (NHL). He also played for the Mississauga Ice Dogs for 2 seasons, the Windsor Spitfires for 2 seasons and the Belleville Bulls for 1 season. He entered the draft in 2001 and he was drafted with the 2nd overall by the Ottawa Senators in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft.

He was assigned to the Grand Rapids Griffins, the farm team of the Senators. He was called up to the Senators and made his NHL debut in the 2002-03 NHL season. He played 33 games with the Senators and played most of the season with Ottawa's new affiliate, Binghamton Senators. He was called up and played two seasons with the Senators and was sent down to the Binghamton Senators to play a season. After that he joined the Ottawa's main roster full-time.

Spezza was on the cover of 2007 video game, NHL 2K8. He married his girlfriend Jennifer on July 25, 2009. They have two daughters Sophia Donna Spezza (born June 8, 2010) and Nicola Patricia Spezza (born April 1, 2012).

On July 1, 2014, after Spezza had requested a trade, the Senators traded him along with Ludwig Karlsson to the Dallas Stars in exchange for Alex Chiasson, Alex Guptill, Nicolas Paul and a 2015 second-round pick to Ottawa.

On May 29, 2022, Spezza announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey. After he retired, he became an assistant to Leafs general manager Kyle Dubas. On May 19, 2023, Spezza stepped down when Dubas was fired.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Jason Spezza
- **image**: JasonSpezza.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Spezza practicing with the Maple Leafs in 2020
- **birth place**: Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lb**: 214
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Right
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **played for**: Ottawa Senators
SC Rapperswil-Jona Lakers
Dallas Stars
Toronto Maple Leafs
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **draft**: 2nd overall
- **draft year**: 2001
- **draft team**: Ottawa Senators
- **career start**: 2002
- **career end**: 2022
Cave Johnson

**Cave Johnson** (January 11, 1793 – November 23, 1866) was a United States Congressman from Tennessee. He was from the Democratic Party.

## Infobox (us cabinet official)

- **name**: Cave Johnson
- **image**: Cave Johnson.jpg
- **order**: 12th
- **title**: United States Postmaster General
- **term start**: March 6, 1845
- **term end**: March 4, 1849
- **predecessor**: Charles A. Wickliffe
- **successor**: Jacob Collamer
- **birth place**: Robertson County, Tennessee, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Clarksville, Tennessee, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Elizabeth Dortch Brunson
- **alma mater**: Cumberland University, Cumberland College
- **profession**: Politician
Hyūga, Miyazaki

is a Japanese city in Miyazaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu.

## History

The  preservation district has a 19th century character.

The modern city was established in 1951.

## Other websites

- Hyuga City website
Qinghai

**Qinghai Province** is a large province in north-west China on the Tibetan Plateau.

## Related pages

- Political divisions of China

## Other websites

- Memorials from Qinghai
Nichinan, Miyazaki

is a city in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.

## History

Nichinan grew up around Obi Castle.

The modern city was established in 1950.

## Other websites

- Nichinan City website 
- Japanese National Tourist Organization

## Infobox (city japan)

- **name**: Nichinan
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image flag**: Flag of Nichinan, Miyazaki.svg
- **image symbol**: Emblem of Nichinan, Miyazaki.svg
- **symbol type**: Emblem
- **image map**: Nichinan in Miyazaki Prefecture Ja.svg
- **region**: Kyushu
- **prefecture**: Miyazaki Prefecture
- **mayor**: Kyohei Sakita (﨑田恭平)
- **area km2**: 536.12
- **population**: 53,258
- **population as of**: October 1, 2016
- **density km2**: auto
- **tree**: Obi sugi (_Cryptomeria_)
- **flower**: _Farfugium japonicum_
- **bird**: Common kingfisher
- **city hall address**: 1-1-1 Chūō-dōri, Nichinan-shi, Miyazaki-ken
- **city hall postal code**: 887-8585
Julia Child

**Julia Carolyn Child** (born **Julia Carolyn McWilliams**; August 15, 1912 – August 13, 2004) was an American television personality, writer, and chef. She was known for having her own cooking show _The French Chef_. She won a Peabody Award and an Emmy Award.

Child was born on August 15, 1912 in Pasadena, California. She studied at Smith College and at Le Cordon Bleu. Child was married to Paul Cushing Child from 1946 until his death in 1994, but they didn't have children. Child died on August 13, 2004 in Montecito, California from kidney failure, two days before her 92nd birthday.

## Other websites

- Julia Child: Lessons with Master Chefs  from PBS
- Julia Child's Kitchen at the Smithsonian
- American television interview with Julia Child on June 25, 1999, at Google Video
- Coverage of Julia Child in _The New York Times_
- Julia Child Papers.Schlesinger Library , Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.

## Infobox (military person)

- **embed**: yes
- **branch**:  Office of Strategic Services
- **serviceyears**: 1942–1945
- **rank**: CAF–7
- **unit**: Emergency Sea Rescue Equipment Section
- **battles**: World War II
- **awards**:  Secretary of Defense Meritorious Civilian Service Award, Meritorious Civilian Service Award


## Infobox (chef)

- **name**: Julia Child
- **caption**: 1978 publicity portrait of Julia Child in her kitchen
- **alt**: Julia Child in 1978
- **image**: Julia Child portrait by ©Lynn Gilbert, 1978.jpg
- **birth name**: Julia Carolyn McWilliams
- **birth place**: Pasadena, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Montecito, California, U.S.
- **cause of death**: kidney failure
- **years active**: 1935–2004
- **nationality**: American
- **style**: French cuisine, French
- **education**: Smith College
B.A. History 1934
Le Cordon Bleu
_Diplôme de Cuisine_ 1951
- **television**: _The French Chef_, "Julia Child: bon appétit", _Julia Child & Company_, _Dinner at Julia's_, _Cooking with Master Chefs_, _In Julia's Kitchen with Master Chefs_, _Baking with Julia_, _Julia Child & Jacques Pépin Cooking at Home_
- **awards**: Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Service Show Host
1996 _In Julia's Kitchen with Master Chefs_
2001 _Julia & Jacques Cooking at Home_
 Emmy Award for Achievements in Educational Television—Individuals
1966 _The French Chef_
 Peabody Award
1965 _The French Chef_

National Book Award, Current Interest

1980 _Julia Child and More Company_
- **signature**: Julia Child signature.svg
Roy W. Hill

**Roy William Hill** (December 1, 1899 – February 14, 1986) was an American automobile dealer, philanthropist, and businessman. He helped start the Eisenhower Medical Center.

Hill was born on December 1, 1899 in Los Angeles, California. He was married to Madeleine M. Hill from 1924 until they divorced during the 1930s. Then he was married to Faye D Maxwell from 1942 until they divorced in 1969. Then he was married to Anne T. Hill from 1971 until his death in 1986. Hill died on February 14, 1986 from heart failure in his Rancho Mirage, California, aged 86.
Meg Hillier

**Meg Hillier** (born 1969, Hampstead) is the Labour MP for Hackney South and Shoreditch. She was also the Mayor of Islington, where she lives. She read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at St Hilda's College, Oxford. She is currently Chair of the Public Accounts Committee in Parliament after taking over from Margaret Hodge.
St Hilda's College, Oxford

**St. Hilda's College, Oxford** is part of the University of Oxford. It was founded as a women's college in 1893 and remained single sex until 2008.

## Other websites

- St Hilda's website
St. Hilda

**Saint Hilda** (614-690) of Whitby, Yorkshire was an abbess. Bede writes about her in his history of the church.

## Other websites

- St Hilda at the Catholic Encyclopaedia
Whitby

**Whitby** is a fishing port near Scarborough, North Yorkshire, in northeast England.  13,213 people live there. Its name comes from the Old Norse Witebi, which means the "white settlement".

Whitby is on the edge of the North Yorkshire Moors.

Its heritage coast is around 35 miles (56 km) long, stretching from Staithes to Flamborough. At Whitby, dinosaur footprints are visible on the beach. The black mineral jet is found in the cliffs and on the moors and has been used since the Bronze Age to make beads.  In Victorian times jet was brought to Whitby by pack pony to be made into decorative items. It was most popular in the mid-19th century when it was chosen for mourning jewellery by Queen Victoria after the death of Prince Albert.

In the Middle Ages, Whitby was home to whaling and herring fishing fleets.  Now, lobsters, brown and velvet crabs are important to the local fishery.  Tourists first began to visit Whitby in the 1800s.  Tourism is now the main source of income for Whitby.

Whitby's East cliff is the home of Whitby Abbey.  On the West Cliff, a whalebone arch commemorates Whitby's fishing heritage.

Captain James Cook, a British explorer who mapped New Zealand, Hawaii and Newfoundland, learnt to sail in Whitby.

Part of Bram Stoker's story of Dracula is set in Whitby.

## Other websites

- Whitby website
Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (movie)

***Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close*** is an American drama movie released at Christmas 2011. It is based on the novel of the same name. It stars Tom Hanks, Sandra Bullock, Viola Davis, John Goodman, Jeffrey Wright and Max von Sydow with Zoe Caldwell. It is an autistic child whose father is killed in the September 11 attacks. The movie's reviews were negative. It was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for von Sydow.
Eye colour

**Eye color** is a visible character caused by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris, and way light is scattered as it hits the top layer of the iris.

The human eye is different from its nearest relative, the chimpanzee eye. The eyes of chimps and also gorillas are entirely brown. Humans have the white to their eyes. This difference is thought to be significant. In the apes, individuals do not usually look directly at other members of the family, but all the same they keep a close watch on what is going on with the family group. They tend to look out of the corners of their eyes, as if to keep the glance secret. Perhaps to them a direct look is aggressive. Jane Goodall used to be careful and avoid looking directly at the gorilla families in the bush. She would sit at a distance, appearing to nibble at grass and leaves, while making occasional glances at the gorilla family.

## Physical cause

In humans, the pigment of the iris varies from light brown to black. This depends on the amount of melanin in the iris. The appearance of blue, green and hazel eyes result from the Rayleigh scattering of light in the iris. A similar process accounts for the blueness of the sky. Neither blue nor green pigments are ever present in the human iris or fluid. Eye color is an example of structural color which varies according to the lighting conditions, especially for lighter-colored eyes.

The brightly colored eyes of many birds, reptiles and insects is caused by other pigments, such as pteridines, purines, and carotenoids.

## Genetics

The view that blue eye color is a simple recessive trait is incorrect. Two main gene loci code for the eye pigment: _OCA2_ and _HERC2_. They sit next to each other on chromosome 15. Mutations (SNPs) to these genes account for much of the variation seen in eye color. _OCA2_ mutations close to the 5′ regulatory region explain most human eye-color variation. An intron in _HERC2_ contains the promoter region for _OCA2_, affecting its expression.

There are about 15 other genes which have some effect on eye color inheritance. This is an effect called epistasis, and is not unusual.
Iris (eye)

The **iris** (plural: ***irides*** or ***irises***) is a thin, circular structure in the eye. It controls the diameter and size of the pupils.

Eye color is the color of the iris. In humans, the iris may look green, blue, brown, hazel (a combination of light brown, green and gold), grey, violet, or even pink. In response to the amount of light exiting the eye, muscles attached to the iris expand or contract the pupil. The larger the pupil, the more light can enter the eye and reach the retina.

## Infobox (anatomy)

- **name**: Iris
- **latin**: iris
- **image**: Human eye close up, anterior view.jpg
- **caption**: **Iris** in humans, is the colored (typically blue or brown) area, with the pupil (the circular black spot) in its center, and surrounded by the white sclera. Overlying cornea is completely transparent so is not visible, except the high-gloss luster it gives the eye. Also pictured are the red blood vessels within the sclera. These structures are easily visible on any person's eyes.
- **image2**: Schematic diagram of the human eye en.svg
- **caption2**: Schematic diagram of the human eye. (Iris labeled at upper right)
- **part of**: Front of eye
- **system**: Visual system
- **precursor**: Mesoderm and ectoderm, neural ectoderm
- **artery**: long posterior ciliary arteries
- **nerve**: long ciliary nerves, short ciliary nerves
Iris

**Iris** may refer to:

- Iris (plant)
- Iris (goddess)
- Iris (eye)
- Iris (color)
Fleet Street

**Fleet Street** is a road in central London. It used to be where newspapers were made, before they moved east to Wapping.

The street existed in the 14th century. It connected the City of London to Westminster. It takes its name from the River Fleet.
Lisa Blount

**Lisa Blount** (July 1, 1957 – October 27, 2010) was an American television series and movie actress and producer who was in notable movies. She starred _An Officer and a Gentleman_ (1982) and in the 2005 movie _Chrystal_. Blount was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas. She died in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma

The **Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma** is a transport helicopter designed and built in France. The design was first built by Sud Aviation, and later by Aérospatiale. It was also built by Westland Helicopter in the United Kingdom after an agreement between the two countries It first flew in April 1965. It is mainly used by Armée de l'Air, Royal Air Force, and some other air forces. It is also used by civilians.

## SA-330 specifications

The **Aérospatiale SA-330 Puma** is 59.6½ feet (18.15 meters) long, 49.2½ feet (15.00 meters) diameter, and 16.10½ feet (5.14 meters) tall. A minimum mass that weighs 7,795 pounds (3,536 kg) and at the maximum mass that weighs 15,532 pounds (7,000 kg). It is powered by two Turbomeca Turmo engines driving a helicopter rotor with four blades.

The passenger cabin allows the reception of sixteen to twenty armed soldiers in military version, and fourteen to sixteen passengers in civil version. The two-seater cockpit of the helicopter is type side by side. A mechanic, also serving the mechanical winch, takes place at the rear. He can used the removable machine gun.

## SA-330 users

At the beginning of 2013, these countries were still using or had used the military **Puma**:

## SA-330 variants

If the majority of Puma was built by Aérospatiale in France and the UK by Westland but. A few others were produced under license in Indonesia, Romania, and South Africa.

### French built Puma

_SA-330A_, _SA-330B_, _SA-330Ba_, _SA-330C_, _SA-330E_, _SA-330F_, _SA-330G_, _SA-330H_, _SA-330J_, _SA-330L_, _SA-330S_, _SA-330Z_.
SA-330A is the prototype and SA-330Z is an experimental version.

### British built Puma

_Puma HC Mk-1_, _Puma HC Mk-2_.
British production is only for the military version.

### Indonesian built Puma

_NAS-330J_. Indonesian Puma are built by IPTN, indigenous aeronautical industry, for civilian and military.

### Romanian built Puma

_IAR-330_, _IAR-330 SOCAT_. Romanian Puma are built by IAR, indigenous aeronautical industriy, for civilian and military. IAR-330 SOCAT is an attack and transport helicopter, like soviet helicopter Mi-24 Hind.

### South African built Puma

_Oryx_. South African Puma are built by Atlas Aircraft Corporation, indigenous aeronautical industriy, for civilian and military.

## Notes

The **SA-330 Puma** gave birth to a derivative extensively modified, designated AS-332 Super Puma.
Ogasawara, Tokyo

is a Japanese village in the Ogasawara Subprefecture of Tokyo.

## History

In 1940, municipalities were created for groups and single isolated islands in the Pacific Ocean.  The Tokyo Metropolitan Government was made responsible for local government on the islands, including

- on
- on Chichijima
- on
- on Hahajima
- on Iwo Jima, including the

The local government structure of the post-war occupation of these islands is still used today.

## Geography

The islands of the village include:
- 73.00 km²
    - 6.57 km²
    - Chichijima 38.89 km²
    - Hahajima 27.54 km²
- 0.29 km²
- Volcano Islands 29.71 km²
    - 5.57 km²
    - Iwo Jima 20.60 km²
    - 3.54 km²
- 0.01 km²
- 1.40 km²

The Japanese government identifies Okinotori as Japan's southernmost island.  It is 1,700 kilometers south of central Tokyo.

## Other websites

- Ogasawara Village website
Pope Soter

**Pope Soter** (; d. 174) was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church who became the 12th Pope, the official title is the Bishop of Rome, from 166 until his death in 174.

## Pope

Records from that time mention his letters.  One such letter is an admonishment of the moral laxity in the Church at Corinth.  Another is regarding who can touch the sacred cloths used in the Mass.

The issue of when to celebrate Easter was discussed again and Catholics were instructed to celebrate the day on a Sunday rather than on Passover which some Churches, particularly in Asia Minor, were doing.  He is considered a Saint of the Catholic Church and his feast day is celebrated on April 22.

## Related pages

- List of popes

## Other websites

- Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: Pope Saint
- **name**: Soter
- **image**: Soter.jpg
- **image size**: 143px
- **title**: Bishop of Rome
- **term start**: c. 167
- **term end**: 174
- **predecessor**: Pope Anicetus, Anicetus
- **successor**: Pope Eleutherius, Eleutherius
- **birth place**: Fondi, Campania, Roman Empire
- **death date**: c. 174
- **death place**: Rome, Roman Empire
- **feast day**: 22 April
Kristen Johnston

**Kristen Angela Johnston** (born September 20, 1967) is an American movie, stage and television program actress who won two Emmy Awards for acting. She acted as Sally Solomon in the sitcom _3rd Rock from the Sun_ and has been in several movies. She was born in Washington, D.C., though was raised close to Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Ilford

**Ilford** is a large town in Greater London, the headquarters of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is also identified as a major area in the London Plan, being located about 9.1 miles east of Charing Cross.

Ilford was once a small settlement in Essex. It started to develop because of its strategic position near the River Roding and the road from London to Colchester. The arrival of the railway in 1839 also boosted this growth, causing trade and development to foster in the area. Ilford became a municipal borough in _1926_ as well as expanding and increasing in population. In 1965, however, the municipal boroughs were scrapped and the area was removed from Essex and dissolved into Greater London. Many people still refer to Ilford and other East London areas as being part of Essex.

Ilford is part of the IG postcode area although some parts are in the E postcode area instead.
Ricky Tomlinson

**Ricky Tomlinson** (born 26 September 1939) is a British actor and political activist. He was born Eric Tomlinson in Bispham, Blackpool, Lancashire. He is best known for his roles as Bobby Grant in _Brookside_, DCI Charlie Wise in _Cracker_ and Jim Royle in _The Royle Family_.

Tomlinson is a close friend of Arthur Scargill and often appears on party political broadcasts for Scargill's Socialist Labour Party, most recently for the 2009 European Parliament elections. He is a long-time member of the Socialist Labour Party,
Atanasoff–Berry Computer

The **Atanasoff-Berry Computer** was one of the first computers. It was designed in 1937. It was not able to be programmed, and it was designed only to solve groups of linear equations. It was successfully tested in 1942. It was very amazing technology for the time. It was the first machine to use many important things used in modern computing.
Ann Sothern

**Ann Sothern** (January 22, 1909 - March 15, 2001) was an American movie, stage and television series actress. She starred in a lot of radio and television shows. She began her career in the late 1920s, and it lasted less than sixty years. She acted in the sitcoms _Private Secretary_ (1953-58) and _The Ann Sothern Show_ (1958-61). Sothern was born in North Dakota. She moved to Idaho after she retired from acting. She died in Idaho from heart failure.
Gustavo Santaolalla

**Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla** (born 19 August 1951) is an Argentine musician, composer, and record producer. He is known for composing music for movies with Alejandro González Iñárritu. He composed the music for the first four psychological drama movies Iñárritu directed. He also wrote the music for the video games _The Last of Us_ (2013) and _The Last of Us Part II_ (2020) and the themes for television series such as _Jane the Virgin_ (2014–2019), MBC4 satricial romantic dramedy  series Miss Farah (2019-2022), Arabic adaptation of The CW American satirical romantic dramedy series _Jane the Virgin_ (2014–2019). and _Making a Murderer_ (2015–present)). He won Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years. He won for _Brokeback Mountain_ in 2005 and _Babel_ in 2006.  He has also won the BAFTA Award for _Babel_ and _The Motorcycle Diaries_.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Gustavo Santaolalla
- **image**: Gustavo Santaolalla - 9MAR07 -presidencia-govar.jpg
- **caption**: Santaolalla in March 2007
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **alias**: Moviola
- **birth place**: Ciudad Jardín Lomas del Palomar, Argentina
- **years active**: 1967–present
- **associated acts**: Bajofondo
Coti

**Roberto Fidel Ernesto Sorokin**, known by his stage name **Coti**, is an Argentine musician. He is best known for his work with other Spanish-language artists like Andrés Calamaro, Julieta Venegas, Paulina Rubio and Luis Miguel. His 2005 release, _Esta Mañana y Otros Cuentos_ went gold in both Argentina and Mexico. It went double platinum in Spain.

## Discography

- Coti (2002)
- Canciones Para Llevar (2004)
- Esta Mañana y Otros Cuentos (2005)
- Gatos y Palomas (2007)
- Malditas Canciones (2009)

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Coti
- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: Coti.jpg
- **image size**: 151
- **caption**: Coti performing in May 2007
- **birth name**: Roberto Fidel Ernesto Sorokin
- **origin**: Rosario, Santa Fe Province, Santa Fe, Argentina
- **genre**: Rock en español
- **instrument**: Singing, vocals
 guitars
 Keyboard instrument, keyboards
- **label**: Universal Music
- **associated acts**: Luz Mala
- **website**: [http://www.cotisorokin.com www.cotisorokin.com]
Bernardo O'Higgins

**Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme** (1778–1842) was a Chilean independence leader. Along with José de San Martín, he is credited with liberating Chile from Spanish rule. Although he was the second Supreme Director of Chile (1817–1823), he is considered one of Chile's founding fathers. He was also the first leader of a fully independent Chilean state.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bernardo O'Higgins
- **image**: Ohiggins.jpg
- **order**: 2nd Supreme Director of Chile
- **term start**: 17 February 1817
- **term end**: 28 January 1823
- **predecessor**: José Miguel Carrera
- **successor**: Ramón Freire
- **birth place**: Chillán, Chile
- **death place**: Lima, Peru
- **occupation**: Head of State, Military
Scott Mills

**Scott Mills** (born 28 March 1973) is a British radio DJ. He has his own daily show on BBC Radio 1. He is also a television presenter and an actor. He was born in Southampton.

Scott Mills began working at 16 in a local radio in Hampshire. He joined BBC Radio 1 in 1998. In May 2004 was given a slot on weekday early-evenings to cover for Sara Cox who was about to have a baby. He had a slot everyday in the afternoon.

He left Radio 1 in August 2022 and moved to Radio 2, initially presenting the afternoon show but then on 27 January 2025, he became the host of the flagship Breakfast Show, replacing Zoe Ball.

Mills is openly gay.
Mitochondrial Eve

**Mitochondrial Eve** is a term from genetics and human evolution. It refers to a woman, whose mitochondrial DNA is a parent of all living humans. To put this more exactly, she is the female most recent common ancestor of all humans alive at present.

## How this is decided

Rather than use full DNA comparisons, two simpler methods are used:
- Y-chromosome DNA
- Mitochondrial DNA
This gives haplogroups (a haplogroup is a combination of genes on different chromosomal regions that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together).

## The results

According to current research, Mitochondrial Eve lived about 200.000 years ago. Most likely she lived in East Africa, when _Homo sapiens sapiens_ (anatomically modern humans) were developing as a population distinct from other human sub-species.

Mitochondrial Eve lived later than _Homo heidelbergensis_ and the emergence of _Homo neanderthalensis_, but earlier than the out of Africa migration.
The dating for 'Eve' was a blow to the multiregional hypothesis, and a boost to the hypothesis that modern humans originated relatively recently in Africa and spread from there, replacing more "archaic" human populations such as Neanderthals. As a result, the latter hypothesis became dominant.
King Ghidorah

**King Ghidorah** is a fictional monster who appears in movies from Japan. He first appeared in _Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster_. Since then, he has appeared in several _Godzilla_ movies. He is a golden three-headed dragon with no arms, large wings, and two tails. He is the strongest monster in the _Godzilla_ movies.

## Appearances

- _Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster_ (1964)
- _Invasion of the Astro-Monster_ (1965)
- _Destroy All Monsters_ (1968)
- _Godzilla vs. Gigan_ (1972)
- _Zone Fighter_ (1973)
- _Terror of Mechagodzilla_ (1975) (stock footage)
- _Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah_ (1991)
- _Rebirth of Mothra_ (1996; also as "Death Ghidorah")
- _Godzilla Island_ (1997)
- _Rebirth of Mothra III_ (1998)
- _Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack_ (2001)
- _Godzilla: Final Wars_ (2004; also as "Monster X", and "Keizer Ghidorah")
- _Godzilla: King of the Monsters_ (2019)

## Other websites

- Toho Kingdom description
Piano Sonata No. 11 (Mozart)

The **Piano Sonata No. 11** in A major, K. 331 is a piece of music for the piano. It was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It was published in Vienna, Austria by Artaria in 1784. It is the second of a group of three piano sonatas. Mozart probably wrote the group in Salzburg in the summer of 1783. It was then that he brought his wife Constance (Weber) to his hometown to introduce her to his father Leopold. The first sonata in the group is No. 10 in C major, K. 330. The third is No. 12 in F major, K. 332. Mozart numbered this group of sonatas 1 through 3. He spent much time teaching during his early years in Vienna. It is likely that these sonatas were written for his pupils.

The A major sonata is unique among Mozart's piano sonatas. It does not include a movement in sonata form. The first movement is a lilting theme in 6/8 followed by six variations in A major and A minor. The last variation is in 4/4 time.  The second movement is a Menuetto in A major with a contrasting section (called a Trio) in D major. It is written in 3/4 time. The third and final movement is the famous "Alla Turca" (**Turkish March** or **Turkish Rondo**) in 2/4 time. It is considered one of the finest examples of Viennese Turkish music that was produced in the late 18th century. The rondo's rolled block bass chords suggest the drum rolls of a Turkish Janissary band. In true classical style, the rondo alternates between major and minor keys, and loud and soft dynamics. The piece is a favorite for amateur recitals.
Sandy Dennis

**Sandra Dale "Sandy" Dennis** (April 27, 1937-March 2, 1992) was an American actress. She received two Tony Awards for acting. She performed mostly in theater and movies. Her most notable movies included _Sweet November_ (1968), _The Out-of-Towners_ (1970) and _The Indian Runner_. Dennis was born in Nebraska. She died of ovarian cancer in Westport, Connecticut.
Sakai, Osaka

is a city in Osaka Prefecture. It has over 800,000 people. It is known for its ancient burial mounds and its cutlery industry.

And the largest kofun, _Daisen-kofun_, the imperial tomb of Emperor Nintoku is located.
---

## Infobox (chinese)

- **pic**: Sakai montage.jpg
- **piccap**: From top left: Daisen Kofun, Old Sakai Lighthouse, Ruins of Rikyu's house, Ōtori taisha, Myōkoku-ji, Skyline with Daisen kofun in the center
- **title**: Sakai
- **kanji**: 堺市
- **hiragana**: さかいし
- **katakana**: サカイシ
- **romaji**: Sakai-shi
Nebraska City

**Nebraska City** is a city in eastern Nebraska. It is southeast of Omaha. The city is near the border of southwestern Iowa and northwestern Missouri. It was incorporated in late 1855.
Necropolis

A **necropolis** (meaning “city of the dead”) is a large cemetery complex. One of the most famous necropolises is Giza Necropolis and that in Thebes, Egypt. Ancient Egypt is noted for multiple necropolises.

Necropolises are still there today. The Giza pyramid complex is still in this world. You can go to this necropolis by flying from any country via an airplane. It is located in the desert, which is a barren area of land where little precipitation occurs. This complex is one of the wonders of the ancient world.
Air (visual novel)

***Air*** is a Japanese adult visual novel developed by Key released on September 8, 2000 playable on Windows PCs. Key later released versions of _Air_ without the erotic content, and the game was ported to the Dreamcast, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. Comic anthologies and art books were also published, as were audio dramas and several albums of music. Kyoto Animation produced a 13-episode anime television series and a two-episode anime mini-series in 2005, and Toei Animation produced an anime film in 2005.

The story follows the life of Yukito Kunisaki, a traveling showman searching for the "girl in the sky". He arrives in a quiet, seaside town where he meets three girls, one of whom is the key to the end of his journey.

## Other websites

- Key's official _Air_ website
- _Air_ anime official website
- _Air_ anime at Funimation Entertainment
Hebrew name

**Hebrew names** are names that have come from the Hebrew language. Traditionally they come from the Hebrew Bible.

They are mostly used by people living in Jewish or Christian parts of the world, but some are also adapted to the Islamic world, particularly if a Hebrew name is mentioned in the Qur'an.

When Hebrew-speaking Muslims give names, they do not necessarily use Jewish or Christian names. A typical Hebrew name can have many different forms – an important principle of the Jewish religion worldwide is to give a Hebrew name to a child that is used throughout his or her lifetime.

Not all Hebrew names are strictly Hebrew in origin: some may have been "taken" from other languages since ancient times. These include Egyptian, Aramaic, Phoenician, Greek, Latin, Arabic, Spanish, German, and English.

## Related pages

- Given name

## Other websites

- Rabbi Shraga Simmonsprint article, 163 Hebrew & Jewish Names for Boys (And Meanings), _aish.com_
John Gavin

**John Gavin** (**Juan Vincent Apablasa**; April 8, 1931 – February 9, 2018) was an American actor. He was the Ambassador to Mexico from 1981 through 1986 under President Ronald Reagan. Gavin was in many movies. He was president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1971 through 1973. He was originally to play James Bond in two movies, but was rejected because he was not British.

Gavin was born on April 8, 1931 in Los Angeles, California to an Irish and Mexican family. He studied at St. John's Military Academy and at Stanford University. Gavin was married to Cecily Evans from 1957 until they divorced in the same year. They had seven children together. He married Constance Towers in 1974. He had two step-children.

Gavin died of pneumonia at his home in Los Angeles on February 9, 2018 at the age of 86.

## Other websites

- John Gavin - So Suave

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Gavin
- **image**: John Gavin Destry 1964.JPG
- **birthname**: Juan Vincent Apablasa
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 2
- **office3**: President of the Screen Actors Guild
- **predecessor3**: Charlton Heston
- **successor3**: Dennis Weaver
- **term start3**: 1971
- **term end3**: 1973
- **country4**: Mexico
- **ambassador from4**: United States
- **term start4**: June 5, 1981
- **term end4**: June 10, 1986
- **predecessor4**: Julian Nava
- **successor4**: Charles J. Pilliod, Jr.
- **president4**: Ronald Reagan
- **residence**: Faithlegg, Waterford
- **alma mater**: St. John's Military Academy,
Stafford University
Dale Robertson

**Dayle Lymoine "Dale" Robertson** (July 14, 1923 – February 27, 2013) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Jim Hardie in _Tales of Wells Fargo_. He won the Golden Boot Award in 1985.

Robertson was born on July 24, 1923 in Hurrah, Oklahoma. He was raised in Claremore, Oklahoma. Robertson studied at Oklahoma Military Academy. He was married to Susan Robertson until his death in 2013. Robertson died on February 27, 2013 from pneumonia caused by lung cancer in his home in San Diego, California, aged 89.

## Other websites

- Dale Robertson biographical sketch
Who is a Jew?

**Who is a Jew?** () is the basic question about the identity of Jews, or in other words: which people are considered to be Jewish.

## Question of race?

The definition of who is a Jew may depend on a few things. Because Judaism has no specific race, it can include characteristics of an ethnicity, religion, and citizenship, and so the definition of who is a Jew is not specific.

This question has been a subject to legal arguments, especially in Israel but also outside of it. There have been court cases in Israel since 1962 which had to address the question. In addition, the United Kingdom and other countries has had to consider whether the question was a racial issue or not.

## In Nazi Germany

It was an important question to the Nazi party in Germany. The Nazis decided who a Jew was with the Nuremberg Laws.

## My mom is Jewish or I converted

The question is based on the person's genealogy. Simple definition: a person is a Jew either by birth (in any case if one's mother is Jewish) or by religious conversion.

## Other ideas

However, some disagree. Therefore, the following need to be taken into account:

- Are the parents mixed (Jew and Gentile)?
- What is the conversion process?
- Has there been a loss of Jewish identity?
- What is the person's diaspora identity?
- Do they have an Israeli citizenship?

## Related pages

- Israelite

## Other websites

- Humanistic Judaism view on Who is a Jew
- Reform view of who is a Jew by the Union for Reform Judaism
- Who is a Jew by Jewish Virtual Library
- Orthodox and Non-Orthodox Judaism: How to Square the Circle by JCPA
- The "Who Is a Jew?" Controversy by the U.S. Library of Congress
Logo of Wikipedia

The **logo of Wikipedia**, which is a free, open-source online encyclopedia, that's accessible in many languages, is a picture that shows the following description:

A cut globe made from Jigsaw puzzle pieces with some missing at the top, and has glyphs from many different writing systems. The reason for missing pieces is because there is a never ending amount of information, making Wikipedia never done.

As shown on the top and left corner web pages of the English-language version of Wikipedia, it says "Wikipedia" under it, and there's a text that says "The Free Encyclopedia", in a serif and free open-source font.
Registered user

A **registered user** is a person who uses a program or a website and signs up to them by providing their identity information.

Registered users may be different depending on the platform they are using, and could have some advantage over guest users in many aspects - however, criticism on the matter has been a big deal.

## Related pages

- Access control
Proteome

**Proteome** is a word made from the words protein and genome. It means the genome that encodes all the proteins produced by an organism. It was suggested in 1994 by Marc Wilkins, Professor of Biotechnology at the University of New South Wales.
University of New South Wales

The **University of New South Wales** (UNSW) is a university in Sydney, New South Wales. It is one of the most highly regarded schools in Australia. It was founded in 1949.

## Other websites

- UNSW
The Alphabet Killer

***The Alphabet Killer*** is a 2008 American mystery crime thriller movie. It was given limited release on November 7, 2008. The movie is about the murders of three girls in Rochester, New York between 1971 and 1973. Eliza Dushku plays Megan Paige, an investigator for Rochester Police Department who is investigating the murders. Timothy Hutton plays killer Richard Ledge. This thriller got negative reviews from the critics.