juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Mob rule

**Mob rule** is sometimes called **mobocracy** or **ochlocracy**.

## Overview

There is sometimes no legal government and mobs of people decide whatever they want. It is government by a mob. Under such system, the mob becomes the ruler or dominant force in society. Actually, it is rare for a whole country to be under mob rule.

Often, the mobs overthrow their leaders and be for a time without a government. Parts of a country may try to secede (break off) from the country. That has been quite common in certain parts of the world. Mobs do have leaders, who make speeches complaining about what is wrong, and what they want instead of the legal government.

## Examples

Mobs sometimes succeed in taking over the whole country (Russian revolution), sometimes they fail because the government succeeds in using force to stop them. The British decision to ban the Atlantic slave trade (William Wilberforce) was fiercely resisted by the people who made money out of the trade. Slave trade mobs attacked the homes of people known to support abolition.

## Related pages

- Nazism
- Fascism
- Communism
- Totalitarianism
- Nazi Germany
- Kingdom of Italy
Demarchy

**Demarchy** is a political system based on many decision-making groups that deal with specific functions in a given area (transport, parks, land use, etc.) The members that make up each group are chosen randomly every year. Democracy in Athens used this method to appoint officials.

This system is advantageous because it can not be influenced by pressure groups, media and others. In demarchy "political machines" or special preparation of candidates are not important because nobody can predict who will be in government next.
Compulsory voting

Some countries have **compulsory voting**, which requires citizens to register to vote and to go to their polling place or vote on election day. If the voter does not attend a polling place, they may be subject to punishment such as fines or community service.
The Mark of Athena

***The Mark Of Athena*** is the third book of the _Heroes of Olympus_ series by Rick Riordan. In this book, the perspective of the story moves between Percy Jackson, Annabeth Chase, Leo Valdez, Jason Grace, and Piper McLean. All of the seven demigods appear in this book.

In the beginning, the Argo II is approaching Rome (Camp Jupiter) when suddenly, a statue pops into existence on the ship and almost knocks Annabeth overboard. The statue is Terminus, the Roman god of boundaries. He yells that he will not accept having weapons over the Pomerian Line (the camp boundary). After being irritated by a curious Leo and a charmspeaking Piper, Terminus tells them to "surrender, then leave". Annabeth sees Percy walking down in Camp Jupiter with Hazel and Frank as if they were best friends, and knew she was too close to give up. (She also notices that Percy is a praetor now and signs that New Rome had recently been attacked by an army of monsters.) She asks if it was against the rules to hover OVER New Rome, as technically it wouldn't be on Roman soil. Terminus agrees grudgingly to this, but tells them to not harm his city. But sadly one of the Greek campers becomes possessed and starts an attack on the Romans and the Seven are forced to leave.
Sarah Kane

**Sarah Kane** (3 February 1971 – 20 February 1999) was an English playwright. Her writings dealt with the themes of desire, pain, love, torture and death. Her five plays are _Blasted_ (1995), _Phaedra's Love_ (1996), _Cleansed_ (1998), _Crave_ (1998) and _4.48 Psychosis_ (2000). In 1995, she wrote the screenplay for the short movie _Skin_. She also wrote two newspaper articles for _The Guardian_.

Kane was born in Brentwood, Essex. She was raised by evangelical parents. A Christian in her early life, Kane later became an atheist. She was a lesbian.

Kane was depressed for years during her life. On 20 February 1999, she killed herself at King's College Hospital in Camberwell, London, by hanging herself with her shoelaces. She was 28. She had earlier been taken to the same hospital after overdosing on prescription drugs on 17 February.
Belshazzar

**Belshazzar** is a king of Babylonia in the Book of Daniel. He is the son of Nebuchadnezzar and is killed by Darius the Mede.
His banquet is the subject of a painting by Rembrandt.

## Other websites

- Belshazzar's Feast
S. Epatha Merkerson

**Sharon Epatha Merkerson** (the middle name is pronounced ee-pay-thuh), known as **S. Epatha Merkerson**, is an American actress. She was born on November 28, 1952. She is best known as Lieutenant Anita Van Buren in the _Law & Order_ television series. She was on _Law & Order_ from 1993 until it stopped airing new episodes in 2010, and she was in 391 episodes. This was more than any other actor on the show.

She has won a Golden Globe, an Emmy award, an Obie Award, four NAACP Image Awards, and a Screen Actors Guild Award.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: S. Epatha Merkerson
- **image**: Epatha.jpg
- **caption**: Merkerson in 2017
- **birth name**: Sharon Epatha Merkerson
- **birth place**: Saginaw, Michigan, United States
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1986–present
- **spouse**: Toussaint Louverture Jones, Jr. (1994-2006; divorced)
Law & Order: Criminal Intent

***Law & Order: Criminal Intent*** is an American television show that was on NBC from September 30, 2001, to June 26, 2011. It was the second spin-off of Law & Order (Law & Order: Special Victims Unit was the first one). It ran on NBC for the first six seasons, and then it moved to USA Network for the last four seasons. NBC did this to save money.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Law & Order Criminal Intent title screen.jpg
- **genre**: Police procedural
Crime-drama
- **runtime**: 43 minutes
- **creator**: Dick Wolf
- **developer**: René Balcer
- **opentheme**: <small>_Theme of Law & Order: Criminal Intent_ (2001–07)
_Theme of Law & Order: Trial by Jury_ (2007–11)</small>
- **starring**: Vincent D'Onofrio
Kathryn Erbe
Jamey Sheridan
Courtney B. Vance
Chris Noth
Annabella Sciorra
Julianne Nicholson
Eric Bogosian
Alicia Witt
Jeff Goldblum
Saffron Burrows
Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio
- **narrated**: Steven Zirnkilton
_(opening only)_
- **country**: United States
- **network**: NBC (2001–2007)
USA Network (2007–2011)
- **executive producer**: Dick Wolf
- **producer**: John L. Roman <small>(seasons 1-9)</small>
- **num seasons**: 10
- **company**: Dick Wolf, Wolf Films
Universal Television
- **num episodes**: 195
- **list episodes**: List of Law & Order: Criminal Intent episodes
- **related**: _Law & Order_ franchise, _Paris enquêtes criminelles_ & _In Plain Sight_
Dann Florek

**Dann Florek** (born May 1, 1950) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Police Captain Donald Cragen in both the _Law & Order_ and _Law & Order: Special Victims Unit_ television series. He was on _Law & Order_ for the first three years of the show, and has been on _Special Victims Unit_ since it began.
Law & Order: Trial by Jury

***Law & Order: Trial by Jury*** is  an American legal television show. It was a spin-off of the police/legal drama _Law & Order_. It is the third spin-off of _Law & Order_, after _Law & Order: Special Victims Unit_ and _Law & Order: Criminal Intent_. It aired on NBC from March 3, 2005 to January 21, 2006.

The show focused mostly on the criminal trial of the accused. It showed the prosecution's and defense's preparation for the trial, as well as the trial itself. Things such as jury selection and deliberations in the jury room that were rarely shown on _Law & Order_ were the focus of this show.

## Other websites

- _Law & Order: Trial by Jury_ at the Internet Movie Database
Law & Order: LA

***Law & Order: LA*** is an American police procedural and legal drama television series set in Los Angeles. It was the fourth spin-off of _Law & Order_. It ran on NBC from October 18, 2010 to July 11, 2011. It is the only American _Law & Order_ show to be set outside of New York City.

_Law & Order: LA_ followed the same format as _Law & Order_. The show was adapted to fit the Los Angeles criminal justice system.

## Other websites

- _Law & Order: LA_ at the Internet Movie Database
Naomi (given name)

**Naomi** is an English name meaning "enjoyment, pleasure" in Hebrew and Arabic.  The pronunciation of the name is [ ney-**oh**-mee, -mahy, **ney**-oh-mahy, -mee ].
**Noemie** is a version used in French-speaking countries. It is also a Japanese name,  meaning various things depending on the kanji used. This name was ranked #54 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People

- Naomi (in the Book of Ruth in the Bible)
- Noemi (trance music), Dutch singer
- Naomi Klein, Canadian journalist, author and activist
- Naomi Mitchison, Scottish novelist and poet
- Naomi Novik, American novelist
- Naomi Wolf, bestselling American writer
- Naomi Campbell, well-known British fashion model
- Naomi Chazan, Israeli politician
- Naomi Shindou, Japanese seiyuu
- Naomi Nagasawa, Japanese seiyuu, now known as Nao Nagasawa
- Naomi Uemura, first person to reach the North Pole solo
- Naomi Watts, English-born Australian actress and producer
- Naomi Russell, Australian gymnast
- Naomi Judd, American country music singer and songwriter
- Naomi Shemer, Israeli songwriter
- Naomi Phoenix, UK pop/rock singer and songwriter. Released music branded "Naomi".
- Naomi Scott, British actress, singer, musician, dancer
- Naomi Watanabe, Japanese comedian

In **music**:
- Noemí Carrión (Naymi), a Spanish singer and actress

In **fiction**:

- Naomi Hunter, character in _Metal Gear Solid_
- Naomi Wildman, fictional character in Star Trek
- Naomi Dorrit, a character from the TV series _Lost_
- Naomi, a minor character from the tokusatsu series _Kamen Rider Den-O_.

## Infobox (given name)

- **name**: Naomi
- **gender**: Female
- **meaning**: Enjoyment, pleasure
- **language**: Hebrew, Japanese
- **related names**: Noemi
Peripheral neuropathy

**Peripheral neuropathy** happens when the nerves of the peripheral nervous system suffer damage due to disease, trauma to the nerves or through side effects of an illness. The four patterns of this condition are polyneuropathy, mononeuropathy, nononeuritis mp and autonomic nerve damage. The most common of these is polyneuropathy which affects the feet and legs. The actual forms may be broken down by causes. Losses of muscle bulk and muscle twitches may be seen. Damage to the sensory nerves may lead to numbness, strong tingling or burning pain that is described as electric-like, freezing and burning. Autonomic nerve damage leads to issues, such as hypertension, sexual troubles, bladder dysfunction and abnormal heart rate. Neuropathy can happen with or without the presence of diabetes mellitus.

https://web.archive.org

https://freeweibo.com/  “早饭是一个馒头，咸菜和玉米粥，6点半开饭；中午是两个馒头，菜有土豆牛肉、土豆鸡肉、时菜炒鸡蛋，不是三个菜，是三选一，10点半开饭”，李彦宏被泼水事件当中的男子“直男上树”介绍朝阳-{拘留所}-封闭的内部情况(山西滴滴司机https://weibo.com/1642652980

https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=

真正的李宜雪是大额头、大眼睛，脸型是上宽下窄的瓜子脸。而视频中女子是窄额头、小眼睛、大脸盘。

另一个疑点是，视频中的女子自始至终戴着口罩，遮住半张脸，而且说话过程中，她不断地将下滑的口罩往上提，始终没有露出全脸。https://www.ntdtv.com/gb/2025/01/13/a103947759.html

北京时间1月14日晚间，李宜雪的抖音账号再次出现异动。原来的一百多个视频，被删得只剩下两个。https://www.ntdtv.com/gb/mkt_ipad/2025/01/14/a103948192.html
Nissan

**Nissan** (In Japanese: 日産自動車株式会社; Nissan Jidōsha Kabushikigaisha) is a company from Japan that makes vehicles, including automobiles, trucks, and buses. In the United States it was previously called Datsun. 1933

Nissan makes cars under its own name, while its luxury cars have the brand Infiniti. In 1999, it made a partnership with Renault of France, and was joined by Mitsubishi Motors in 2016.

## Other websites

- Cat Excavator Service Repair Manual

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
- **logo**: Nissan Motor Corporation 2020 logo-local file.svg
- **logo caption**: Logo since 2020
- **image**: Nissan Yokohama.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **image caption**: Nissan headquarters in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture
- **native name**: 日産自動車株式会社
- **native name lang**: ja
- **romanized name**: _Nissan Jidōsha kabushiki gaisha_
- **type**: Public company, Public ()
- **foundation**: (under Nissan Group)
- **location city**: Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture
- **location country**: Japan
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **industry**: Automotive industry, Automotive
- **products**: Automobiles, Luxury car, luxury vehicles, commercial vehicles, outboard motors, forklift trucks
- **production**: 3,250,800 units (2022)
- **revenue**: (Fiscal Year, FY 2022)
- **operating income**: (FY 2022)
- **net income**: (FY 2022)
- **assets**: (FY 2022)
- **equity**: (FY 2022)
- **owner**: Renault (15% voting rights)
- **num employees**: 131,461 (2022)
Tesla

**Tesla** usually refers to Nikola Tesla (1856–1943), physicist, electrical engineer, and inventor.

**Tesla** may also refer to:

- Tesla (unit), a unit for measuring magnetic fields
- Tesla, Inc., a company that builds electric cars
- Tesla coil, a type of electrical circuit that produces high-voltage, alternating current electricity
- Tesla (band), an American rock band
Dick Wolf

**Richard Anthony "Dick" Wolf** (born December 20, 1946) is an American producer. He is best known for creating the Law & Order television series as well as its American spin-offs. He has a star on the Holywood Walk of Fame, and he has won an Emmy Award.

## References

- Dick Wolf Net Worth

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dick Wolf
- **image**: DickWolfJan10.jpg
- **birth name**: Richard Anthony Wolf
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, New York (state), New York, United States
- **other names**: Richard A. Wolf
 Richard Wolf
- **known for**: Crime Stories
- **net worth**: $600 million
- **alma mater**: University of Pennsylvania
- **occupation**: Television writer, director, executive producer, creator
- **spouse**: Susan Scranton
<small>(September 5, 1970 – March 16, 1983; divorced)</small>
Christine Marburg
<small>(June 29, 1983–2005; divorced; 3 children)</small>
Noelle Lippman
<small>(June 17, 2006—present; 1 child)</small>
Geoff Peterson

**Geoff Peterson** is an animatronic human skeleton. It is the sidekick on the late-night talk show _The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson_. It is voiced by Josh Robert Thompson. It first appeared on _The Late Late Show_ on April 5, 2010. It was built by Grant Imahara.
Arthur Gardner

**Arthur Gardner** (**Arthur Goldberg**; June 7, 1910 – December 19, 2014) was an retired-American actor and movie producer.

Gardner was born in Marinette, Wisconsin. One of his first roles was as a student in 1930's _All Quiet on the Western Front_. He was the only surviving member of either the cast or crew.

He helped form the Levy-Gardner-Laven production company in 1951. Gardner's producing credits include the television series _The Rifleman_ (1958-1963) and _The Big Valley_ (1965-1969). His movie credits include 1974's _McQ_ and 1975's _Brannigan_, both starring John Wayne.

Gardner lived in Beverly Hills, California since the 1960s. His son was actor, Steve Gardner. Gardner died in Beverly Hills from natural causes, aged 104.

## Other websites

- Arthur Gardner at Internet Movie Database

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Arthur Gardner
- **birth name**: Arthur Goldberg
- **birth place**: Marinette, Wisconsin, Marinette, Wisconsin, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **years active**: 1929 – 2005
- **occupation**: Actor, producer
- **children**: Steve Gardner
Assamese

**Assamese** might mean:

- Anything related to Assam, a state in India
- Assamese language
Asturian

**Asturian** might mean:

- Anything related to Asturias, an autonomous community in Spain
- Asturian language
Azerbaijani

**Azerbaijani** might mean:

- Anything related to Azerbaijan
- Azerbaijani people
- Azerbaijani language
- Azerbaijani food
Belarusian

**Belarusian** might mean:

- Anything related to Belarus
- Belarusians
- Belarusian language
Burmese

**Burmese** might mean:

- Anything related to Myanmar, which used to be called Burma
- Burmese language
Moldovan

**Moldovan** might mean:

- Anything related to Moldova
- Moldovan language, a former name for the Romanian language, used in Moldova until 2023
Sicilian

**Sicilian** might mean:

- Anything related to Sicily
- Sicilians, people of Sicily
- Sicilian language
- Sicilian defence, a chess move
Louise Currie

**Louise Currie** (born **Louise Gunter**; April 7, 1913 – September 8, 2013) was an American movie actress. She was active from 1940 until her retirement in 1997.

Currie was born on April 7, 1913 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. She studied at Martha Washington Seminary and at Sarah Lawrence College. Currie was married to John Whitney until they divorced. Then she was married to John Good from 1948 until his death in 1996. Then she was married to Grover Asmus from 2002 until his death in 2003.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Louise Currie
- **image**: Adventures of Captain Marvel (1941 serial) 5.jpg
- **caption**: Louise Currie in _Adventures of Captain Marvel_, 1941
- **birth name**: Louise Gunter
- **birth place**: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Santa Monica, California, Santa Monica, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **education**: Martha Washington Seminary
- **alma mater**: Sarah Lawrence College
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1940 – 1997
- **spouse**: John Whitney
(?-?; divorced),
 (his death),
 (his death)
Tommy Kelly (actor)

**Tommy Kelly** (April 6, 1925 – January 26, 2016) was an American actor and teacher. He was known for his roles in _Peck's Bad Boy with the Circus_, _Military Academy_, _The Adventure of Tom Sawyer_, and in _They Shall Have Music_.

Kelly was born on April 6, 1925 in New York City, New York. His ancestry is Irish. Kelly used to be a teacher in Washington, D.C.. He retired from acting in 1950. Kelly died in Greensboro, North Carolina from congestive heart failure on January 26, 2016 at the age of 90.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tommy Kelly
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Greensboro, North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Actor, teacher
- **years active**: 1938-1950
Barbara Blida

**Barbara Maria Blida**, née Szwajnoch (December 3, 1949 - April 25, 2007) was a Polish politician. She was in the Parliament of Poland from 1989 until 2005. At one time, she was a member of the Cabinet. She joined the Polish United Workers' Party (the Communist Party representing Poland since World War II). Blida shot herself in the heart in the bathroom of her own house. She later died, age fifty-seven.
Officer Creek

**Officer Creek** is a watercourse in the north-west of South Australia, on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. It is normally mostly dry except for periods of very high rainfall. It runs from the Musgrave Ranges southward into the Great Victoria Desert. The only major community on Officer Creek is Kaltjiti.

The land around Officer Creek is part of the traditional homeland of the Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara. In September 1873, the explorer Ernest Giles and his team came to the creek during his second trip into the centre of Australia. At Kaltjiti, they encountered a large group of Aboriginal men. The Europeans fired shots from their rifles, allegedly because the Aboriginal people were throwing spears at them. Giles' group escaped unharmed, but did not report whether any of the Aboriginal men were hurt. He later acknowledged that aggression from the locals toward White people was usually due to them trespassing on sacred land. Giles may have interrupted an initiation or another kind of ceremony. Giles named the river "The Officer", and it was known by this name until the 1930s when it was renamed Officer Creek.

## Other websites

- Officer Creek on _Bonzle_, Digital Atlas of Australia
A Message From Earth

**A Message from Earth** is a high-powered digital radio signal that was sent from Earth towards Gliese 581 c. Gliese 581 c is a large terrestrial extrasolar planet, and the signal was sent due to the possibility of the planet containing lifeforms. The signal was sent on 9 October 2008. It contains 501 messages that were selected through a competition on the social networking site Bebo.

The message was sent using the RT-70 radar telescope of Ukraine's National Space Agency. The signal will reach the planet Gliese 581 c in early 2029.
Lake Neale

**Lake Neale** is a salt lake in the southwest corner of the Northern Territory, in Australia. It is on the north-west side of Lake Amadeus. The two lakes form part of a chain of salt lakes that stretches about , from Lake Hopkins in the west to the Finke River in the east. This drainage basin is known as the Amadeus Basin. The lake is usually a dry salt plain. It holds water for short periods after heavy rainfall. Lake Neale is on Aboriginal land, in the Petermann Aboriginal Land Trust. The Haasts Bluff lands are nearby to the north.

Lake Neale was named after Frank Neale, one of the pilots of an aerial expedition to accurately survey the desert regions northwest of Alice Springs in 1930. Neale flew one of the two planes that had been hired by explorer Donald Mackay for the expedition. The team made 15 survey flights over 24 days, in which they mapped the dimensions of Lakes Amadeus and Neale and found the even larger Lake Mackay, further to the north.

The first European to see Lake Neale was the explorer Ernest Giles in 1872. He had seen Kata Tjuta from far away and was making his way there. Lake Amadeus blocked his path. He also saw Lake Neale when he tried to reach Mount Unapproachable, on the northern side of the lake. He was coming from the east, and did not notice a land bridge between Neale and Amadeus. He mistook them as one big lake. William Tietkens corrected this mistake in an expedition of his own seventeen years later.

## Infobox (lake)

- **lake name**: Lake Neale
- **image**: STS130-E-9503 - View of Earth.jpg
- **location**: Northern Territory
- **type**: salt lake
- **basin countries**: List of lakes of Australia, Australia
- **length**: 64 km
- **area**: 300 km²
- **elevation**: 457 m
Kow Swamp

**Kow Swamp** is a lake in north-central Victoria, Australia. It was once a swamp. It is now used for water storage.

## Description

Kow Swamp is in the Murray River valley, about  west of the town of Gunbower and the Murray River, in the Shire of Campaspe.  Its name comes from the Aboriginal word _Ghow_ means the white gypsum soil found at the swamp.  It is a popular site for recreational fishing.  The lake is about . Its circumference is .

### Archaeology

Kow Swamp is an archaeological site which has produced human skeletal remains dating from the late Pleistocene, over 10,000 years ago.

### Irrigation

Kow Swamp was used to store water from the Murray for irrigation. In 1900 the capacity was increased to 51,730 megalitres.

## Infobox (lake)

- **lake name**: Kow Swamp
- **image lake**: Gunbower.PNG
- **caption lake**: Kow Swamp is in Gunbower County, Victoria (colored red on this map)
- **location**: Near Gunbower in Victoria, Australia
- **type**: freshwater lake
- **basin countries**: Australia
- **volume**: 51,730 megalitres maximum capacity
Migratory locust

The **migratory locust** (_Locusta migratoria_) is the most widespread locust species, and the only species in the genus _Locusta_. It occurs throughout Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. It used to be common in Europe but has now become rare there.

Because of the vast geographic area it occupies, which comprises many different ecological zones, numerous subspecies have been described. However, not all experts agree on the validity of some of these subspecies.

Many other  species of Orthoptera  with gregarious and migratory behavior are indicated with the name of 'locusts'.

## Polyphenism

The migratory locust is polyphenic. It has a solitary phase and a gregarious phase. This is a type of polymorphism where a single genotype produces two or more phenotypes. During development, an environmental factor causes a switch from one morph to another.

For the migratory locust, the switch is caused by population density. As the density of the population increases the locust transforms from the solitary phase to the gregarious phase, with intermediate phases.

The colour and size of the migratory locust changes according to its phase and its age. _Gregarious larvae_ have a yellow to orange covering with black spots. _Solitary larvae_ are green or brown. The _gregarious adult_ is brownish with yellow, the latter colour becoming more intense and extensive on maturation. The _solitary adult_ is brown with varying extent of green colour depending on the colour of the vegetation. _Gregarious adults_ vary in size between 40 and 60 mm according to the sex. They are smaller than the solitary adults.

- Steedman, Alison (ed) 1988. _Locust Handbook_. 2nd ed, London: Overseas Development Natural Resources Institute.
Toni Basil

**Mary Antoinette Hoole** (stage name **Toni Basil**; September 22, 1943) is an American singer-songwriter, dancer and actress. She is best known by the 1982 hit single _Mickey_. In addition, she has performed in many movies. Basil was born in Philadelphia.
Polyphenism

**Polyphenism** is a kind of polymorphism where different forms of an animal are caused a single genotype. The animal inherits the capability, but the environment determines which form develops. This contrasts with genetic polymorphism, where each morph (form) inherits a slightly different genome.

Polyphenism occurs when the animal inherits a developmental switch. The switch is sensitive to some environmental cue or trigger. For example, the sex of crocodiles is determined by the prevailing temperature. Their gender is a polyphenic trait, and is not determined by the usual sex linkage.

### The caste system in insects

The caste system of social insects is the division of labor between genetically identical individuals. Polyphenism determines whether larvae develop into queens, workers, and in some cases soldiers. In the case of the ant, _P. morrisi_, an embryo must develop under certain temperature and photoperiod conditions in order to become a reproductively-active queen. This allows for control of the mating season, but like sex determination, limits the spread of the species into certain climates.

In bees, "royal jelly" provided by worker bees causes a larva to become a queen. Royal jelly is only produced when the queen is aging or has died.

### Seasonal changes

Polyphenic pigmentation is adaptive for species which reproduce several times a year. Different pigment patterns provide camouflage throughout the seasons, and alter heat retention as temperatures change. Because insects cease growth and development after they are adults, their pigment pattern is set in adulthood. In the case of the peppered moth, _Biston betularia_, the caterpillars are polyphenic. Their trigger is switched by the colour of the plants they are eating: see _this_.
Sarah Kofman

**Sarah Kofman** (September 14, 1934 - October 15, 1994) was a French philosopher and writer. She wrote many books about many topics. She committed suicide at age 60.
Antonov An-26

The **Antonov An-26** is soviet built twin-engine transport aircraft. It is used by both airlines and air forces. It is a short takeoff and landing aircraft.

It is built under licence in China like _Y-7H_. An-26 is a modernized variant of An-24.

## Similar aircraft

- Airtech CN-235
Mount Unapproachable

**Mount Unapproachable** is a mountain in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is on the northern side of Lake Neale. It is about  above sea level. The area is far apart from other towns. The nearest towns are Kaltukatjara (116 km away), Kintore (135 km away) and Yulara (138 km away). The mountain is mostly made of sandstone.

The mountain was named by explorer Ernest Giles in 1872. Giles was on an expedition to find a way across the desert from east to west. He had just found and named Lake Amadeus. He could see the mountain rising to the west, and hoped to find water there. But, he was unable to get to the mountain because his path was blocked by the lake. Giles in fact over-estimated the size of Lake Amadeus and missed the bridge of land between Amadeus and Lake Neale.

In 1889, Giles' second-in-command, W. H. Tietkins, came back on his own expedition and surveyed the area. He wrote that he travelled to the Bloods Range, to the south of Lakes Amadeus and Neale. He named the highest peaks Mount Harris and Mount Carruthers. From the top of Mount Harris, he could see Kata Tjuṯa, the Petermann Ranges and the Tomkinson Ranges. Tietkins then travelled to the east for three days, and came to Lake Amadeus. At the western end of the lake and on the north shore, he described a sandstone range, which he named Long's Range after his brother-in-law. He climbed a nearby set of hills, and identified Mount Unapproachable as the westernmost peak of the Long's Range. He reported that his team reached Unapproachable around the middle of June and then spent several days travelling around the western edge of Lake Amadeus. He corrected Giles' earlier mistake and successfully mapped the lake's western shore.

Another team of surveyors visited the area in 1926, led by Donald Mackay and Herbet Basedow. On 1 July, they climbed a hill that Basedow identified as both Mount Unapproachable and Mount Harris. He found them to be the same mountain after comparing his own observations with those of Giles and Tietkens. Basedow decided that this hill was the Mount Unapproachable that Giles had described, and that Tietkens had mistakenly renamed it Mount Harris. But, on modern maps, Mount Harris and Mount Carruthers are the names given to two peaks in the Bloods Range.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount Unapproachable
- **elevation m**: 505
- **location**: Northern Territory, Australia
- **map**: Australia Northern Territory
- **map caption**: Location in the Northern Territory
Peg Entwistle

**Peg Entwistle** (February 5, 1908 – September 16, 1932) was a Welsh-born English stage actress. She acted in only one movie. In September 1932, she jumped from the letter "H" of what was then the Hollywoodland sign and later died at age 24.

## Other websites

- Peg Entwistle IMDB

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Peg Entwistle
- **image**: Peg-entwistle-01.jpg
- **birth date**: February 5, 1908
- **birth place**: Wales, United Kingdom
- **death date**: September 16, 1932
- **citizenship**: Wales, United Kingdom
Andrea Anders

**Andrea Anders** (May 10, 1975) is an American actress. She usually acts in television sitcoms. She was born in Madison, Wisconsin.
Thornaby-on-Tees

**Thornaby-on-Tees** is a town in the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees in North Yorkshire.
Lyutvi Mestan

**Lyutvi Ahmed Mestan** (), or shortly **Lyutvi Mestan** (born 24 December 1960), is a Bulgarian politician. He is of Turkish-Bulgarian origin. He was the 2nd chairman of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms. He has been the Member of Parliament for Kardzhali.

## Other websites

- Bulgarian Parliament

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lyutvi Ahmed Mestan
- **image**: Lutfi Mestan Chairman of DPS.jpg
- **birth place**: Chorbadjiysko, Bulgaria
- **office**: 2nd Chairman of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms
- **predecessor**: Ahmed Dogan
- **successor**: Mustafa Karadayi
- **office2**: Member of the Bulgarian Parliament
for Kardzhali
- **nationality**: Bulgarian people, Bulgarian of Turkish-Bulgarian descent
- **party**: Movement for Rights and Freedoms
Kotli

**Kotli** () is the largest town of the Kotli District in Azad Kashmir.
Sengunthar

**Sengunthar** is a caste from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. They are also known as Kaikolar and use Mudaliar as title. They are present throughout the state of Tamil Nadu and also in some parts of Andhra and Kerala apart from the Tamizh Eezham. The considerable proportion of this community is engaged in the occupation of cloth merchants and weaving. They are included in the Central list of Other Backward Community. Senguntha Mudaliars have their historical connection with the Medieval and Later Chola Army Battalion.
Sam Waterston

**Samuel Atkinson "Sam" Waterston** (born November 15, 1940) is an American actor, producer, and director. He is best known for playing Executive Assistant District Attorney Jack McCoy in _Law & Order_, and also for playing Sydney Schanberg in the 1984 movie _The Killing Fields_. He won a Screen Actors Guild Award for his work on _Law & Order_. He has also been nominated for an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award for that show. He has won other awards, too. He has also been nominated for a lot of awards.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sam Waterston
- **image**: SamWaterstonJan10.jpg
- **caption**: Waterston in Los Angeles, January 7, 2010
- **birth name**: Samuel Atkinson Waterston
- **birth place**: Cambridge, Massachusetts
- **occupation**: Actor, television producer, television director
- **years active**: 1964 - Present
- **spouse**: Barbara Rutledge (1964–1975) (divorced)
Lynn Louisa Woodruff (1976–present)
- **children**: James Waterston
Elisabeth Waterston
 Katherine Waterston
Graham Waterston
George Pickingill

**George Pickingill** (born 1816, died 1909) was an  English cunning man.
Shlomo Yanai

**Shlomo Yanai** (born May 18, 1952 in Holon) is a retired Israeli military officer and businessman. He was raised in Tel Aviv. He held the rank of Major General. He was the CEO of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries (TEVA) from 1 March 2007 to May 2012. He was offered the directorship of Mossad by Benjamin Netanyahu but turned it down.
Van Wagenen House

The **Van Wagenen House** is a house in Jersey City, New Jersey. It is also known as the **Apple Tree House**. It has been part of the National Register of Historic Places since August 16, 2006.

## History

The main part of the house was built in the 1740s, and an addition was made to it in the 1820s. A legend states that during the American Revolutionary War, General George Washington and the Marquis de Lafayette talked about war strategy under an apple tree in front of the house in 1779.  However, this is probably not true. There used to be an apple orchard and a cider press at the house, which is why it is also called the Apple Tree House.

The house was called one of the most endangered (which means it is at a very high risk of being ruined) historic sites by Preservation New Jersey in 1996. The building really needed to be improved (made better). In 1999 the City of Jersey City bought the house and started to make it better. The city plans to use the house as a museum.
Beverly Archer

**Beverly Archer** (born July 19, 1948) is an American actress. She acts mostly on television. She played Iola in _Mama's Family_. She also appeared on a lot of other television shows. Archer retired from acting in 2000. She was born in Oak Park, Illinois.
Candice King

**Candice Rene King** (née **Accola**) is an American actress, singer and songwriter. She appears mostly on television. She acted as Caroline in _The Vampire Diaries_.

Accola is a supporter of the It Gets Better Project, which aims to prevent suicide among LGBT youth.

## Awards

|Year|Award|Category|Work|Result|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2012|Teen Choice Awards|Scene Stealer Female|_The Vampire Diaries_||
|2013|Teen Choice Awards|Scene Stealer Female|_The Vampire Diaries_||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Candice King
- **image**: Candice Accola by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg
- **caption**: King in 2015
- **birth name**: Candice Rene Accola
- **birth place**: Houston, Texas, U.S.
- **education**: Lake Highland Preparatory School
- **years active**: 2006–present
- **children**: 1
Julie Adams

**Julie Adams** (born **Betty Mae Adams**; October 17, 1926 – February 3, 2019) was an American actress. She acted mostly from the 1950s to the late 1990s. She did many television series and movies. Adams was born in Waterloo, Iowa. She was raised in Arkansas. She was known for her roles in the 1950s movies _Bend of the River_ and _Creature from the Black Lagoon_. She was also known for her roles as Paula Denning on _Capitol_ and as Eve Simpson on _Murder, She Wrote_.

Adams died on February 3, 2019 in Los Angeles, California, aged 92.

## Other websites

- Official site
- Interview with Julie Adams, April 29, 2013, Classic Film & TV Cafe
Margaret Avery

**Margaret Avery** (born 20 January 1944) is an American actress. She works in both movies and television. She acted in _The Color Purple_ and other movies. She was born in Magnum, Oklahoma.
Marvel Rea

**Marvel Luciel Rea** (November 9, 1901 – June 17, 1937) was an American actress. She performed in silent movies. She was also a comedian. Rea was born in Nebraska. She died in June 1937, aged 35 after poisoning herself with ant paste.
Brachylophosaurus

***Brachylophosaurus*** was a mid-sized herbivorous dinosaur, a member of the hadrosaur family. It is known from several skeletons and bonebed material from the Judith River Formation of Montana (U.S.) and the Oldman Formation of Alberta province in Canada. They lived about 8176.7 million years ago.

## Description

This animal had a bony crest, a flat, paddle-like plate over the top of the skull.  Some individuals had crests that covered nearly the entire skull roof, while others had shorter, narrower crests.  Other notable features are the unusually long forelimbs and the beak of the upper jaw being wider than other hadrosaurs of the time.

### Teeth

Otherwise, _Brachylophosaurus_ was a typical hadrosaur. It reached an adult length of 9 meters (30 ft). Like other hadrosaurs, _Brachylophosaurus_ had cheeks to keep food in the mouth while it chewed with its hundreds of close-fitting teeth. These teeth could be used to chew efficiently. This feature is rare among reptiles, but common among ornithischia like _Brachylophosaurus_.

### Tumours

In 2003, evidence of tumors, including metastatic cancer, was discovered in fossilized _Brachylophosaurus_ skeletons. Rothschild and co-workers tested dinosaur vertebrae for tumors using computerized tomography and fluoroscope screening. Several other hadrosaurs, including _Edmontosaurus_, _Gilmoreosaurus_, and _Bactrosaurus_, also tested positive. Although more than 10,000 fossils were examined in this manner, the tumors were limited to _Brachylophosaurus_ and closely related genera. The reason for this is not known.

## Complete dinosaur fossils

In 1994, amateur paleontologist Nate Murphy discovered an immaculate, complete and uncrushed brachylophosaur skeleton which he nicknamed "Elvis". More impressive finds lay ahead for Murphy and his team from the Judith River Dinosaur Institute. In 2000, "Leonardo", a fully articulated and partially mummified skeleton of a young adult brachylophosaur, was discovered. It is considered one of the most spectacular dinosaur finds ever, and was included in the _Guinness Book of World Records_. They subsequently excavated "Roberta", an almost complete slender skeleton, and "Peanut", a partially preserved juvenile with some skin impressions.
Ellen Wilkinson

**Ellen Cicely Wilkinson** (8 October 1891 – 6 February 1947) was an English politician. She was a Labour Member of Parliament for Middlesbrough and later Jarrow. Wilkinson was one of the first females in Britain to become a Member of the British Parliament. She was one of the founding members for the Communist Party around 1920. Ellen was born in Ardwick, Manchester. She committed suicide with an overdose of barbiturates. Wilkinson died in St Mary's Hospital, London at age fifty-five.
Leaving Las Vegas

***Leaving Las Vegas*** is a 1995 American romantic drama movie. It is about a depressed alcoholic screenwriter, Ben Sanderson, who moves to Las Vegas where he meets a prostitute, Sera, whom he moves in with. Elizabeth Shue and Nicolas Cage are part of the cast. The movie was released October 27, 1995 in limited release and nationwide in the United States in 1996. The movie received positive reviews. It was successful in the box office.
Koi... Mil Gaya

***Koi... Mil Gaya*** (English: _I have found someone_) is an Indian science fiction movie released in 2003. The main characters in the film are played by Hrithik Roshan, Rekha, Preity Zinta and Rajat Bedi. The movie was directed and produced by Rakesh Roshan, the father of Hrithik Roshan. It is about Rohit, a man who has an intellectual disability. Rohit sees an alien in a forest which he thought would change his life forever. The movie was a superhit and became the most successful movie of 2003. It is regarded as one of India's first science fiction movies. Additionally, the film was a turning point in Hrithik Roshan's career after some of his previous films flopped. It has two sequels, which are Krrish (2006) and Krrish 3 (2013). In 2004, a Indian animated action television show based on the film was produced by Tilak Shetty, Munjal Shroff, and Graphiti Multimedia Nickelodeon and it was called _J Bole Toh Jadoo_ and it is based on the alien in this film, who is named Jadoo.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Koi... Mil Gaya
- **director**: Rakesh Roshan
- **producer**: Rakesh Roshan
- **story**: Rakesh Roshan
- **screenplay**: Sachin Bhowmick
Rakesh Roshan
Honey Irani
Robin Bhatt
- **starring**: Rekha
Hrithik Roshan
Preity Zinta
Rajat Bedi
- **music**: Rajesh Roshan
- **cinematography**: Sameer Arya
Ravi K. Chandran
- **editing**: Sanjay Verma
- **distributor**: Filmkraft Productions (I) Pvt. Ltd.
- **runtime**: 166 minutes
- **country**: India
- **language**: Hindi
- **budget**: 30 crores
- **gross**: 79.2 crores
Easter Monday

**Easter Monday** is the day after Easter Sunday. It is a holiday in many Christian countries. It is also the second day of the Octave of Easter.

In the Catholic Church, Easter Monday is also called "Monday of the Angel" in relation to the announcement of the Resurrection of Jesus in the New Testament.

## Other websites

- Half term dates
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

**Juvenile idiopathic arthritis** (which is also called **juvenile rheumatoid arthritis**) is a condition which affects people ages 16 and under. The problem consists of excess swelling around joints in the knees, ankles, wrists, hands and feet. More boys than girls are affected.

Symptoms consists of lethargy, strong pain and reduced physical activity. There is also stiffness in the morning which may improve later on during the day. Juvenile arthritis is an autoimmune disease.

Treatment includes pain-killers, NSAIDs, physiotherapy, and in extreme cases, gold injections.

## Hospital misconduct

It is not usually considered life-threatening but in 1976 a girl of 5 years was prescribed with steroids at Great Ormond Street Hospital to lessen her acute arthritic pain and died at home on 30th December after a swift attack of encephalitis. Her Death Certificate gives the cause of death as 'Still's Disease' a form of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Juan Mora Fernández

**Juan Mora Fernández** (1784 San José - 1854) was Costa Rica's first elected head of state in 1825. He was considered a liberal and moved the capital from Cartago to San José. He is remembered for bringing in land reform. He followed a progressive course.

Because of his land reforms, an elite class of powerful coffee barons was created. The barons eventually overthrew one of his later successors.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jaun Mora Fernández
- **image**: Juan Mora Fernández.JPG
- **office**: List of Presidents of Costa Rica, Head of State of Costa Rica
- **term start**: 7 April 1825
- **term end**: 8 March 1829
- **predecessor**: Juan Manuel de Cañas
- **successor**: _himself_
- **term start2**: 8 March 1829
- **term end2**: 8 March 1833
- **predecessor2**: _himself_
- **successor2**: José Rafael Gallegos Alvarado
- **birth name**: Juan Mora Fernández
- **birth date**: 12 July 1783
- **birth place**: San José, Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- **death date**: 16 December 1854
- **party**: Liberal
Ketogenic diet

The ketogenic diet is **a high-fat, adequate-protein****, low-carbohydrate dietary therapy** that in conventional medicine is used mainly to treat hard-to-control

https://thedailyrecipes.us/keto-diet-meal-plan/<nowiki/>

A **ketogenic diet** is a diet in which most of the calories come from fat (70-75%). A moderate amount of calories come from protein (20-25%). Only a small number of the calories come from carbohydrates (5%).

The diet forces the body to burn fats rather than carbohydrates for energy. Normally, the carbohydrates you eat are turned into glucose in the body, which is used for energy around the body and in the brain. But, if you don't eat enough carbohydrates, your body has a back-up system of burning fat instead.  The liver can use stored fat and the fat you eat for energy. Stored fat is broken into two parts, fatty acids, and ketone bodies. Ketone bodies power the brain instead of glucose. This state of having a lot of ketone bodies in your blood is called "Keto." The liver can also make or release its own glucose through two processes(gluconeogenesis and glycogenolosis) as glucose is still needed for normal body function.

When you eat fewer carbs, your body starts using fat for fuel. This can cause your body to enter a metabolic state known as ketosis. Your liver converts fat into little energy molecules known as ketones, which your brain and other organs can utilize for energy.

## Overview

The keto diet is any diet that elicits ketosis. To achieve ketosis  Keto  we need to limit carbohydrates and use fat for fuel, to produce ketones. The regular ketogenic diet has two to four times more fat by weight than protein, and very little carbohydrates every day. This means not eating foods that are made from starch or sugar. High-carbohydrate foods are foods like fruits, bread, pasta, grains, cookies, and ice cream. Also, you have to increase your intake of fatty foods, like oils(usually from olives, avocados, or coconuts), butter, and fatty meats. It's also important to not eat too much protein. You should only eat just enough protein so you don't lose muscles. Too much protein reduces the ketone bodies in your blood and blocks fat burning.

## History

The ketogenic diet was originally created to treat people with epilepsy. Until other medicines became available, this was a good option for managing the condition.

Now, due to the other treatments available, and how restrictive the diet is, the ketogenic diet is usually prescribed when other options do not work for the patient.

## Treatment in Epilepsy

The ketogenic diet can lower the number of seizures. Most children who respond do so within two weeks, though experts recommend a trial of at least three months before assuming it has been ineffective. Children with refractory epilepsy are more likely to benefit from the ketogenic diet than from trying another anticonvulsant drug. Adolescents and adults may also benefit from the diet, though this diet is hard to follow. Questions still remain on why this diet works.

The ketogenic diet can also have some side effects, especially if not done properly, such as gastrointestinal problems.
SpaceX

**Space Exploration Technologies Corp.** (**SpaceX**) is an American aerospace company in Hawthorne, California. The company makes and launches space rockets and communications satellites (some of which one can use to have a connection to the internet). SpaceX was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk. SpaceX makes the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy rockets, some rocket engines, Dragon spacecraft and Starlink satellites.

SpaceX was the first private company to make a rocket that uses liquid propellant that reach orbit (Falcon 1 in 2008). SpaceX was also the first private company to successfully launch, orbit, and recover a spacecraft (Dragon in 2010). SpaceX also first landed a multistage rocket  astronauts to the International Space Station (Crew Dragon Demo-2 in 2020). SpaceX has launched Falcon 9 rockets over a hundred times.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: SpaceX Exploration Technologies Corp.
- **trade name**: SpaceX
- **logo**: SpaceX Logo Black.png
- **logo size**: 300px
- **image**: Iridium-4 Mission (25557986177).jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **image caption**: SpaceX Headquarters during the Iridium-4 Mission, December 2020
- **type**: Private company, Private
- **location city**: Hawthorne, California, U.S.

- **industry**: Aerospace engineering, Aerospace
- **owner**: Elon Musk Trust
(54% equity; 78% voting control)
- **num employees**: Est. 7,000
<small>(November 2017)</small>