juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Earth's core

The **Earth's core** is the part of Earth in the middle of our planet. It has a solid inner core and a liquid outer core. The temperature of the outer core ranges from 4400 °C in the outer regions to 6100 °C near the inner core.

Seismic measurements prove the core has two parts, a "solid" inner core with a radius of ≈1,220 km and a liquid outer core extending beyond it to a radius of ≈3,400 km. The densities are between 9,900 and 12,200 kg/m<sup>3</sup> in the outer core and 12,600–13,000 kg/m<sup>3</sup> in the inner core.

## Outer core

The **outer core** of the Earth is a liquid layer about 2,400 kilometers thick. It is made of iron and nickel. This is above the Earth's solid inner core and below the mantle. Its outer boundary is  beneath the Earth's surface. The transition between the inner core and outer core is about  beneath the Earth's surface.

The temperature of the outer core ranges from 4400 °C in the outer regions to 6100 °C near the inner core. Eddy currents in the nickel iron fluid of the outer core are believed to influence the Earth's magnetic field. Convection in the outer core, combined with the Coriolis effect, gives rise to Earth's magnetic field. The solid inner core is too hot to hold a permanent magnetic field. It may stabilize the magnetic field generated by the liquid outer core.

The average magnetic field strength in the Earth's outer core is 25 Gauss, 50 times stronger than the magnetic field at the surface.

Without the outer core, life on Earth would be very different. Convection of liquid metals in the outer core creates the Earth's magnetic field. This magnetic field extends outward from the Earth for several thousand kilometers, and creates a protective magnetosphere around the Earth that deflects the Sun's solar wind. Without this field, the solar wind would directly strike the Earth's atmosphere. This might have removed the Earth's atmosphere, making the planet nearly lifeless. It may have happened to Mars.

## Inner core

The **inner core** of the Earth, was detected by Inge Lehmann using seismology. It is a solid sphere about  in radius, or about 70% that of the Moon. It is believed to be an iron–nickel alloy, and may have a temperature similar to the Sun's surface, about 5778 K (5505 °C).

In 2015, Prof Xiaodong Song from the University of Illinois and other researchers in China suggested the inner core has two layers. The seismic wave data suggests that crystals in the "inner inner core" are in an east-to-west direction. Those in the "outer inner core" are lined up north to south. Another scientist commented: "If this is true, it would imply that something very substantial happened to flip the orientation of the core to turn the alignment of crystals in the inner core north-south as is seen today in its outer parts". Other scientists are checking their data.
Seminole County, Florida

**Seminole County, Florida** is a county in Florida.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Seminole County
- **state**: Florida
- **flag**: Flag of Seminole County, Florida.svg
- **seal**: Seminole County, Florida Logo.svg
- **seal size**: 150px
- **founded date**: April 25
- **founded year**: 1913
- **seat wl**: Sanford
- **largest city wl**: Sanford
- **area total sq mi**: 345
- **area land sq mi**: 309
- **area water sq mi**: 36
- **area percentage**: 10.4%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 470856
- **density km2**: 588.6
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **web**: www.seminolecountyfl.gov
- **ex image**: Seminole County Fallen Heroes Memorial.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Fallen Heroes Memorial at the Seminole County Criminal Justice Center
- **named for**: Seminole, Seminole people
Seminole County

**Seminole County** is the name of many counties in the United States:

- Seminole County, Florida
- Seminole County, Georgia
- Seminole County, Oklahoma
Baker County, Florida

**Baker County, Florida** is a county in Florida.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Baker County
- **state**: Florida
- **type**: List of counties in Florida, County
- **seal**: Seal of Baker County, Florida.png
- **founded date**: February 8
- **founded year**: 1861
- **named for**: James McNair Baker
- **seat wl**: Macclenny
- **largest city wl**: Macclenny
- **area total sq mi**: 588.97
- **area land sq mi**: 585.23
- **area water sq mi**: 3.74
- **pop**: 28259
- **census yr**: 2020
- **density sq mi**: 48.29
- **web**: www.bakercountyfl.org
- **ex image**: Baker County (Macclenny).jpg
- **ex image cap**: Baker County Courthouse in Macclenny
- **time zone**: Eastern
Bay County, Florida

**Bay County, Florida** is a county in Florida.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Bay County
- **state**: Florida
- **type**: List of counties in Florida, County
- **flag**: Flag of Bay County, Florida.svg
- **seal**: Seal of Bay County, Florida.svg
- **founded year**: 1913
- **founded date**: April 24
- **seat wl**: Panama City
- **largest city wl**: Panama City
- **area total sq mi**: 1033
- **area land sq mi**: 758
- **area water sq mi**: 275
- **area percentage**: 26.6%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 175216
- **density sq mi**: 231
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: http://www.co.bay.fl.us/
- **ex image**: PC Bay Cnty crths01.jpg
- **ex image size**: 220px
- **ex image cap**: The Bay County Courthouse in March 2008
- **named for**: St. Andrews Bay (Florida), St. Andrews Bay
Bay County

**Bay County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
- Bay County, Florida
- Bay County, Michigan
Baker County

**Baker County** is the name of three counties in the United States:

- Baker County, Florida
- Baker County, Georgia
- Baker County, Oregon
Seminole County, Georgia

**Seminole County, Grorgia** is a county in Georgia.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Seminole County
- **state**: Georgia
- **founded date**: November 2
- **seat wl**: Donalsonville
- **largest city wl**: Donalsonville
- **area total sq mi**: 257
- **area land sq mi**: 235
- **area water sq mi**: 21
- **area percentage**: 8.3%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 9147
- **density sq mi**: 39
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **web**: www.seminolecountyga.com
- **named for**: Seminole (tribe), Seminole tribe
- **ex image**: Seminole County Courthouse from parking lot.JPG
- **ex image cap**: Seminole County Courthouse in Donalsonville
Puppet (software)

Puppet is an open source software configuration management and deployment tool. Puppet is said to change the human workflow, and enable developers and system administrators to work together.

In October 2017, Puppet unveiled a new product of its own, a hybrid infrastructure tool Puppet Discovery.

## Other websites

- Deploying Tomcat Applications With Puppet

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Puppet
- **logo**: Puppet Logo.svg
- **caption**: Puppet manually invoked on a client
- **developer**: Puppet (company), Puppet
- **programming language**: C++ & Clojure from 4.0, Ruby (programming language), Ruby
- **operating system**: Linux, Unix-like, Microsoft Windows
- **license**: Open Source Puppet: Apache License, Apache for >2.7.0, GNU General Public License, GPL for prior versions. Puppet Enterprise: proprietary
Baker County, Georgia

**Baker County, Georgia** is a county in Georgia.  Its county seat is Newton.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Baker County
- **state**: Georgia
- **ex image**: Baker County Courthouse, Newton 1900.jpg
- **ex image size**: 300px
- **ex image cap**: Baker County Courthouse in Newton, Georgia, Newton.
- **founded date**: December 12
- **named for**: John Baker (American Revolutionary War), John Baker
- **seat wl**: Newton
- **largest city wl**: Newton
- **area total sq mi**: 349
- **area land sq mi**: 342
- **area water sq mi**: 7.2
- **area percentage**: 2.1%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 2876
- **density sq mi**: 8
- **time zone**: Eastern
Barbara Hershey

**Barbara Lynn Herzstein** (b. February 5, 1948), better known as **Barbara Hershey**, is an American movie and television actress. She has starred in many movies and television series. Her acting career began around 1965, but she did not get famous until the second half of the 1980s. She was born in Hollywood, California.

She won the Golden Globe Award in 1991 for "Best Performance by an Actress in a Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV". She was also in _Black Swan_, _The Last Temptation of Christ_ and _Hannah and Her Sisters_.
Buddh International Circuit

The **Buddh International Circuit** (or **BIC**) is a track (circuit) that had opened in 2011, which is used for motor racing. The main event is the Indian Grand Prix, the first to be held in that country.

The track was designed by Hermann Tilke, the FIA's most commonly used Track Designer.

The track was originally known as the **Jaypee Group Circuit**, after the owners, the Jaypee Group. The track was renamed in April 11, 2011
Mike Fisher

**Michael Andrew Fisher** (born June 5, 1980) is a Canadian-American former professional ice hockey centre who played for the Ottawa Senators and Nashville Predators in the National Hockey League (NHL). Fisher also played for the Ottawa Senators and played 10 seasons also becoming the assistant captain for them.

He is a devout Christian.

In 2016 after the former Nashville Predators captain, Shea Weber, was traded, he was made captain of the team.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Mike Fisher
- **image**: Mike Fisher.jpg
- **image size**: 150
- **caption**: Fisher pictured during his time with the Ottawa Senators
- **birth place**: Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 217
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Right
- **played for**: Ottawa Senators
EV Zug
Nashville Predators
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **draft**: 44th overall
- **draft year**: 1998
- **draft team**: Ottawa Senators
- **career start**: 1999
- **career end**: 2018
Mount Buninyong

**Mount Buninyong** is a large extinct volcano 15 kilometres south east of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. The 745 metre volcano is on the Western Victorian Volcanic Plains.

The scoria cone of the volcano is more than 200 metres higher than the land around it which makes it one of biggest scoria volcanoes in Victoria. It has a deep central crater. The volcano erupted several times, and during one eruption the west side of the volcano was breached. In later eruptions the lava flowed through this gap in the side. It is possible that the breach was actually another crater.

There is a road that goes up to the top of the mountain, and there are a number of communication towers and a bushfire watching tower. There are three walking tracks: the Crater Walk, the Summit Walk and the Southern Walk. It is also one of the last koala habitats in the area, with large manna gums and messmate trees.

The name _Buninyong_ comes from the Australian Aboriginal people known as the Wauthaurung. Their word for the mountain was _Bunnin Yowang_ which meant "big hill like knee".

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount Buninyong
- **photo**: Mount_Buninyong.jpg
- **photo caption**: Mount Buninyong viewed from south at the Midland Highway (Victoria), Midland Highway east of Scotsburn, Victoria, Scotsburn
- **elevation m**: 719
- **elevation ref**:  <small>Australian Height Datum, AHD</small>
- **map**: Victoria
- **map size**: 200
- **label position**: right
- **location**: Buninyong, Victoria, Buninyong, Australia
Derrick Rose

**Derrick Martell Rose Sr.** (born October 4, 1988 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American former professional basketball player. He played parts of 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played for the Chicago Bulls, New York Knicks, Cleveland Cavaliers, Minnesota Timberwolves, Detroit Pistons, New York Knicks, and Memphis Grizzlies. He played at the position of point guard. He is also known by the nickname "**D-Rose**". He attended college at University of Memphis where he played basketball with the Memphis Tigers. Rose was drafted out of college by the Chicago Bulls with the 1st overall pick in the 1st round of the 2008 NBA Draft. Rose was named the 2011 NBA Most Valuable Player. He is the youngest person to win an NBA MVP.

On October 9, 2012, Rose's girlfriend, Mieka Reese, gave birth to their son, Derrick Rose, Jr.

On June 22, 2016, Rose was traded to the New York Knicks. He signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers in the off season.
Visual arts

The **visual arts** is another word for art that can be seen. The visual arts (also known as the **plastic arts**) produce objects. They are different from the performing arts.

Examples are ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking and visual poetry. Also, modern visual arts which use technology: photography, video, filmmaking and architecture.

Some art (performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) is both visual art and other kinds of art.

The applied arts, like industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art are all kinds of visual art.
Sammy Sosa

**Samuel Peralta "Sammy" Sosa** (born November 12, 1968 in San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic) is a retired Dominican baseball player. Sosa played for the Texas Rangers, Chicago White Sox, Chicago Cubs, Baltimore Orioles and the Texas Rangers during his career.  He was known for the many home runs he hit.
Sosa has also run into some controversy for steroids which he denied taking.

He became eligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2013.

## Other websites

- Sammy Sosa's MLB profile
Teri Garr

**Terry Ann "Teri" Garr** (December 11, 1944 – October 29, 2024) was an American movie and television actress. Her movie debut was the 1963 movie _A Swingin' Affair_. Her career breakthrough was in 1974 with the movie _Young Frankenstein_. Garr has acted in many other movies. She has been acting on TV since the late 1960s. She appeared on _Star Trek: The Original Series_.  Garr was born in Los Angeles, California and was raised in Lakewood, Ohio.

In 1983 she was nominated for "Best Supporting Actress" in _Tootsie_.

## Personal life

In October 2002, Garr said that she was battling multiple sclerosis.

Garr died from problems caused by multiple sclerosis at her home in Los Angeles on October 29, 2024, at the age of 79.
Jamie Benn

**Jamie Benn** (born July 18, 1989 in Victoria, British Columbia) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger . He currently plays for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL). His older brother Jordie Benn also plays for the Dallas Stars.

Before playing in the NHL, Benn played 2 seasons with the Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League (WHL). He won a gold medal with Canada at the 2009 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships when they defeated Sweden in the Finals. He also scored the game-winning goal in Canada's first game against Norway and the only goal in a 1-0 win against the United States in the semi-final game.

## International

On the international stage, he won two gold medals at the Junior World Championship in 2009 and the 2014 Winter Olympics.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Jamie Benn - Dallas Stars.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Benn with the Stars during on October 24, 2014
- **team**: Dallas Stars
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Left wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 205
- **ntl team**: Canada
- **birth place**: Victoria, British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, BC, Canada, CAN
- **draft**: 129th overall
- **draft year**: 2007
- **draft team**: Dallas Stars
- **career start**: 2009
Hearing aid

A **hearing aid** is a small electrical machine which fits in or behind a person's ear. The purpose of a hearing aid is to make sounds louder so the deaf person can hear spoken words and other sounds.

The two most common types of modern hearing aids are _behind the ear aids_ and _in the ear aids_.

Before hearing aids were invented, people used "ear trumpets" also called ear horns.

## Types of hearing aids

There are many different types of hearing aids.  They are good for different users depending on lifestyle and how much help they need to hear.  An audiologist can help make hearing aids work even better for a user by customising them.

- In-The-Canal (ITC) - the smallest type of hearing aid, these are made to fit inside the ear canal and can be used by people with mild to moderate hearing loss
- In-The-Ear (ITE) - these are slightly larger than the ITC aids and fit inside the outer ear instead of the canal.  These can be used by people with mild to severe hearing loss
- Behind-The-Ear (BTE) - sit behind the ear and connect to a mould placed in your ear through a tube.  This type of aid is usually the largest but can be used by almost anyone with hearing loss and has many different functions

## Other websites

- NIH   Information from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
- Better Hearing Institute Non-profit website containing articles and information on hearing loss and hearing loss solutions.
- Hearing Loss Association of America Consumer-based self-advocacy group, information.
- Hearing Aid Blog  Hearing aids reviews and information.
- Consumer Hearing Aids Resource Information and resources on hearing aid manufacturers
- Hard of Hearing Advocates  Non-profit foundation dedicated to helping those with hearing loss
- American Academy of Audiology Find an Audiologist, and get more information on hearing loss.
- British Society of Hearing Aid Audiologists Find A Hearing Aid Dispenser in the UK.
- Irish Society of Hearing Aid Audiologists Find a Hearing Aid Dispenser in Ireland.
- Canadian Academy of Audiology Consumer information on hearing loss, professional resources.
- American Hearing Research Foundation The American Hearing Research Foundation which funds significant research in hearing and aims to help educate the public in the United States.
- Action On Hearing Loss (formerly RNID) Information and resources about hearing loss.
Shapiro delay

The **Shapiro time delay** is a physics experiment. It is one of the four classic solar system observations or experiments which test general relativity.

Radar signals passing near a massive object take slightly longer to travel to a target and longer to return than it would if the mass of the object were not present.

## History

The time delay effect was first noticed in 1964, by Irwin I. Shapiro.  Shapiro proposed an observational test of his prediction: bounce radar beams off the surface of Venus and Mercury, and measure the round trip travel time.  When the Earth, Sun, and Venus are most favorably aligned, Shapiro showed that the expected time delay, due to the presence of the Sun, of a radar signal traveling from the Earth to Venus and back, would be about 200 microseconds, well within the limitations of 1960s era technology.

The first tests, performed in 1966 and 1967 using the MIT Haystack radar antenna, were successful,  matching the predicted amount of time delay. The experiments have been repeated many times since then, with increasing accuracy.
Tony Amonte

**Anthony Lewis Amonte** (born August 2, 1970) is an American retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played a career total of 1174 regular season games and 99 playoff games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the New York Rangers, Chicago Blackhawks, Phoenix Coyotes, Philadelphia Flyers, and the Calgary Flames. He currently works as the head coach of Thayer Academy Varsity Hockey Team.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Amonte played 2 years of college hockey with the Boston University Terriers. He was drafted with the 68th overall pick by the New York Rangers in the 1988 NHL Draft. Amonte played in the NHL for five teams, New York Rangers from 1991 to 1994, Chicago Blackhawks from 1994 to 2002, Phoenix Coyotes from 2002 to 2003, Philadelphia Flyers from 2003 to 2004 and the Calgary Flames from 2005 to 2007.

## Achievements and awards

- He was named to the Hockey East Second All-Star Team in 1991.
- He was named to the NCAA Championship All-Tournament Team in 1991.
- He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team in 1992.
- He played in 5 NHL All-Star Games in 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: TonyAmonteWarmup.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right wing
- **birth place**: Hingham, Massachusetts, Hingham, Massachusetts, MA, United States, USA
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 202
- **played for**: New York Rangers
Chicago Blackhawks
Phoenix Coyotes
Philadelphia Flyers
Calgary Flames
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **ntl team**: USA
- **draft**: 68th overall
- **draft year**: 1988
- **draft team**: New York Rangers
- **career start**: 1991
- **career end**: 2007
Kristján Eldjárn

**Kristján Eldjárn** (December 6, 1916 – September 14, 1982) was the 3rd president of Iceland.  He was president from 1968 to 1980.

He won as the underdog in the 1968 presidential election, winning 65.6% of the vote on a 92.2% voter turnout running against Gunnar Thoroddsen.

His son is Þórarinn Eldjárn who is a popular author in Iceland and his daughter Sigrún Eldjárn is also an author.
Nellie Melba

**Dame Nellie Melba** GBE (born **Helen Porter Mitchell**; 19 May 186123 February 1931), was an Australian opera soprano. She became one of the most famous singers of the late Victorian Era and the early 20th century. Melba was the first Australian to become a world famous classical musician.

Melba was born in Richmond, Victoria. Her father was Scottish. She died of septicemia in Sydney.
Skeeter Davis

**Mary Frances Penick** (December 30, 1931–September 19, 2004) better known by her stage name, **Skeeter Davis** was an American country music singer.

Her best known song is her 1963 hit, The End of the World.

She released 30 studio albums during her musical career.

She died on September 19, 2004 because of breast cancer which she had been battling for years.

## Other websites

- Skeeter Davis at CMT.com

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Skeeter Davis
- **img**: Skeeter Davis.png
- **img size**: 200px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Mary Frances Penick
- **origin**: Dry Ridge, Kentucky, Dry Ridge, Kentucky, United States, U.S.
- **instrument**: vocals
- **genre**: Country Music, country, Pop music, pop,
Nashville sound
- **occupation**: Singer/Songwriter
- **years active**: 1952 – 2004
- **label**: RCA Records
Mercury Records
Rounder Records
Fortune Records
- **associated acts**: Chet Atkins, Patsy Cline, Loretta Lynn, Connie Smith, Bobby Bare, Dottie West, George Hamilton IV
Barry Humphries

**John Barry Humphries**  (17 February 1934 – 22 April 2023) was an Australian actor, artist, author, and comedian. He was best known for making up and portraying the characters of Dame Edna Everage, a Melbourne housewife and "gigastar", and Sir Les Patterson, who is a really rude "Australian diplomat". He was also a movie producer and scriptwriter, a star of London's West End musical theatre, an award-winning writer and a landscape painter.

Humphries spent two years studying at the University of Melbourne, where he studied Law, Philosophy and Fine Arts. During this time he was a Private in the Melbourne University Regiment, serving a period of National Service in the CMF of the Australian Army.

He was on TV, in movie and on stage. He became popular in Australia in the 1950s, then Britain from the 1960s and finally in America in the 1990s. He has been called the most important comedian since Charlie Chaplin. He also voice Bruce in the Disney Pixar movie _Finding Nemo_.

Humphries died following complications from hip surgery at St Vincent's Hospital in Sydney on 22 April 2023. He was 89. He had suffered a fall in February.

## Infobox (comedian)

- **embed**: yes
- **active**: 1953–2023


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Barry Humphries
- **image**: Barry Humphries July 2001.jpg
- **caption**: Humphries in 2001
- **birth name**: John Barry Humphries
- **death place**: Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- **birth place**: Kew, Melbourne, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia
- **alma mater**: University of Melbourne
- **children**: 4, including Tessa Humphries, Tessa and Oscar Humphries, Oscar
Australian country music

**Australian country music** is a part of the music of Australia. It comes from American country music, as well as British and Irish folk music and the work of traditional Australian poets like Banjo Paterson and Henry Lawson. Australian country music often uses guitars, banjos, fiddles and harmonicas and has songs about things like: outback life, stockmen, truckers and outlaws, romance, political protest and the "beauty and the terror" of the Australian bush. Famous musicians include: Slim Dusty, Joy McKean, Olivia Newton-John, John Williamson, Keith Urban, Lee Kernaghan and Kasey Chambers. Others singers influenced by it include Nick Cave and Paul Kelly. Popular songs include Waltzing Matilda (1895), Pub With No Beer (1957), Lights on the Hill (1973),  I Honestly Love You (1974), True Blue (1981), and Not Pretty Enough (2002).

### Musicians

- Paul Costa
- 8 Ball Aitken
- Johnny Ashcroft
- Sherrie Austin
- James Blundell
- Adam Brand
- Catherine Britt
- Kev Carmody
- Kelly Cooper
- Troy Cassar-Daley
- Kasey Chambers
- Graeme Connors
- Tracy Coster
- Smoky Dawson
- Shea Fisher
- Steve Forde
- Adam Harvey
- Wayne Horsburgh
- Jedd Hughes
- Gina Jeffries
- Gay Kayler
- Lee Kernaghan
- Anne Kirkpatrick
- The Legarde Twins
- Reg Lindsay
- Jimmy Little
- Joy McKean
- Chad Morgan
- Olivia Newton-John
- Shane Nicholson
- Jamie O'Neal
- Jasmine Rae
- Archie Roach
- Mary Schneider
- Slim Dusty
- Sara Storer
- Keith Urban
- John Williamson
Barry Thornton ( Guitarist - Slim Dusty)

### Musical groups

- The Bushwackers
- Carter & Carter
- The Distance
- The Donovans
- The Flood
- The McClymonts
- The Robertson Brothers
- The Sunny Cowgirls
- Women in Docs
- Caroline
- Karma County
- Redgum
- Deep Creek

## Other websites

- Country Music Association of Australia
- Vintage Country Music
- Country Music Channel Australia
- REAL Country - Australian country music interviews
Get Closer (Keith Urban album)

***Get Closer*** is the sixth studio album by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on November 16, 2010. The producers of the album was Dan Huff and Keith Urban. The album peaked at #7 on the _Billboard_ 200 and peaked #2 on the U.S. _Billboard_ Top Country Albums. The song "Put You in a Song" peaked at #2 on the U.S. _Billboard_ Hot Country Songs.

## Singles from _Get Closer_

- 2010 - "Put You in a Song"
- 2011 - "Without You"
- 2011 - "Long Hot Summer"
- 2011 - "You Gonna Fly"

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Get Closer
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Keith Urban
- **released**: November 16, 2010
- **recorded**: 2010
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **length**: 33:38 <small>(standard edition)</small>
 74:21 <small>(deluxe edition)</small>
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Capitol Nashville
- **producer**: Dan Huff
Keith Urban
Chris McHugh (on the live tracks)
- **prev title**: Defying Gravity (Keith Urban album), Defying Gravity
- **prev year**: 2009
Ensifera

**Ensifera** is a suborder of the order Orthoptera. It includes the insects commonly known as crickets, katydids and bush crickets. "Ensifer" means "sword bearer" in Latin, and refers to the long and blade-like ovipositor of the females.

## Classification

- Superfamily Grylloidea
    - Gryllidae - true crickets
    - Gryllotalpidae - mole crickets
    - Mogoplistidae
    - Myrmecophilidae - ant crickets
- Superfamily Hagloidea
    - Prophalangopsidae
- Superfamily Rhaphidophoroidea
    - Rhaphidophoridae - camel crickets, cave crickets, cave wetas
- Superfamily Schizodactyloidea
    - Schizodactylidae - dune crickets
- Superfamily Stenopelmatoidea
    - Anostostomatidae - wetas, king crickets
    - Cooloolidae
    - Gryllacrididae - leaf-rolling crickets
    - Stenopelmatidae - Jerusalem crickets
- Superfamily **Tettigonioidea**
    - Tettigoniidae - katydids or bush crickets, the long-horned grasshoppers
Tetrigidae

**Tetrigidae** is a family in the order Orthoptera, which also includes crickets, grasshoppers, and katydids. Species within the Tetrigidae are variously called **grouse locusts**, **pygmy locusts**, **groundhoppers** or **pygmy grasshoppers**. There are roughly 1,600 species in about 250 genera altogether.
Born This Way

***Born This Way*** is the second full-length studio album by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga. The album was released on May 23, 2011. It was released under Streamline, and Kon Live Records. The album was produced by DJ White Shadow and RedOne. The album's lead single "Born This Way" was released on Friday, February 11, 2011, and became Gaga's third US number-one single.
_Born This Way_ became Gaga's first number-one album on the _Billboard_ 200 after it debuted at the top of the chart, selling over one million copies in the US in its first week.

## Track listing

- Note: Standard edition of the album does not include tracks 9, 11, or 15, or the bonus disc with five remixes.

## Singles

- "Born This Way" was released on Friday, February 11, 2011. It premiered on KISS-FM's AT40 on that same day. It entered at #1 on the U.S. _Billboard_ Hot 100 and Canadian Hot 100 on the first week of its release. It reached number 3 in the UK and topped Australian charts. Lady Gaga sang a brief, scratched live sneak peek of the chorus at the 2010 Video Music Awards on MTV in early September 2010.
- "Judas" was the second single that reached #10 in the US and #8 in Canada.
- "Hair" was the first promotional single and reached #12 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 and #11 on the Canadian Hot 100.
- "The Edge of Glory" was a promotional single at first but became the third single. It reached #3 in the US and Canada, #2 in Australia, and #6 in the UK.
- "You and I" was the fourth single, and it reached #6 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 and #10 in Canada.
- "Marry the Night" was the fifth single and peaked at #29 in the US, #16 in the UK, and #11 in Canada.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Born This Way
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Lady Gaga
- **released**: May 23, 2011
- **recorded**: 2010-2011
- **prev title**: The Remix
- **prev year**: 2010
- **next title**: Born This Way: The Remix
- **next year**: 2011
Born This Way (song)

**"Born This Way"** is a single by American pop singer Lady Gaga. It was released on February 11, 2011. The song premiered on KIIS-FM's American Top 40 with Ryan Seacrest on February 11th. The single  was produced by Mexican music producer Fernando Garibay as well as DJ White Shadow and Gaga herself. The song is the lead single for Gaga's 2nd studio album _Born This Way_ which was released on May 23, 2011. The single's music video was filmed on January 22, 2011.  Gaga performed the song live at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards on February 13, 2011, two days after the song's release.

## Cover art

While accepting the Video of the Year award (for "Bad Romance") at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, Gaga, after tearfully announcing her forthcoming album's title, sang a few lines from the song: "I'm beautiful in my way, 'cause God makes no mistakes; I'm on the right track, baby, I was born this way." Given as a Christmas "gift" to her fans at the stroke of midnight on New Year's Day 2011, she announced (via Twitter) that May 23, 2011 and February 13, 2011 would see the release of Born This Way and this song respectively. The song, however, was released on February 11, two days prior to its original release, after revealing this on her Twitter page on February 7. Prior to its release in late January, Gaga (via Twitter) released the full set of lyrics to "Born This Way" onto the Internet.

## Charts

On February 16, 2011, Billboard announced that "Born This Way" entered at the number-one position of the _Billboard_ Hot 100. The song became the 1000th number-one single in the chart's history and the nineteenth song to debut at number one.  The song also reached number one in Australia and Canada and reached the top three in the United Kingdom.

### Weekly charts

|Chart (2011)|Peak position|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left|Bulgaria|align=center|1|
|align=left|Germany|align=center|1|
|Japan (_Billboard_ Japan Hot 100)|align=center|1||
|align=left|UK Singles (OCC)|align=center|3|

### Year-end charts

|Chart (2011)|Rank||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Australia (ARIA)|align=center|8|
|Canada (Canadian Hot 100)|align=center|6|
|Germany (Offizielle Charts)|align=center|17|
|New Zealand (RMNZ)|align=center|14|
|UK Singles Chart (OCC)|align=center|14|
|US _Billboard_ Hot 100|align=center|18|
|US Mainstream Top 40 (_Billboard_)|align=center|28|

## Critical reception

Critics positively reviewed the song, though it faced criticism for having similarities with Madonna's 1989 single "Express Yourself".

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Born This Way
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Lady Gaga
- **album**: Born This Way (album), Born This Way
- **written**: February 2010
- **recorded**: 2010
- **length**: 4:20
- **prev title**: Alejandro (song), Alejandro
- **prev year**: 2010
- **next title**: Judas (song), Judas
- **next year**: 2011
Bad Romance

"**Bad Romance**" is a song by American recording artist Lady Gaga. It was released as the lead single from her third extended play (EP), and second major release _The Fame Monster_ on August 12, 2009.

Gaga has said that the song is about being in love with a best friend.  There are some lines sung in French in the song.

The song reached #1 in many countries including Canada, the UK, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, while reaching #2 in the US and Australia.  It was certified Diamond in America and has sold over 5.5 million downloads in that country.  "Bad Romance" won Gaga the 2011 Grammy Awards for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and for Best Short Form Music Video.

## Music video

The video for the song starts off with Gaga and her dancers in a bathhouse, getting out of beds shaped like caskets. It features Gaga being auctioned off while in a white, open room. The end of the video shows her in bed, smoking, with a skeleton by her side.

On December 31, 2018, the music video for the song became Gaga's first to reach one billion views.  It is the first music video from the 2000s decade to achieve this milestone.  It is Gaga's most-watched music video.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Bad Romance
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Lady Gaga
- **ep**: The Fame Monster
- **written**: January 2009
- **released**: October 19, 2009
- **recorded**: July 2009
- **studio**: *Record Plant (Los Angeles)
*FC Walvisch (Amsterdam)
- **genre**: *Electropop
*dance-pop
- **length**: *4:54 (album version)
*4:21 (radio edit)
- **label**: * Streamline
* KonLive Distribution, KonLive
* Cherrytree Records, Cherrytree
* Interscope Records, Interscope
- **writer**: *Lady Gaga, Stefani Germanotta
*Nadir Khayat
- **prev title**: Paparazzi (Lady Gaga song), Paparazzi
- **prev year**: 2009
- **next title**: Video Phone (song), Video Phone
- **next year**: 2009
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

**Chapel Hill** is a town in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It has about 60,000 people. It is in an area called The Triangle, because it is next to Raleigh and Durham.

## Geography

Chapel Hill is in southeastern Orange County. It is southwest of Durham and northwest of Raleigh. Interstate 40 goes north and east of Chapel Hill, while highways 15-501 and 54 go through it.

## History

Chapel Hill got its name from a chapel on a hill, that was around in the 1700s. In 1792, The University of North Carolina (UNC) was started, which helped Chapel Hill grow. But it was a small town until the 1950s, when it started growing faster, like the rest of The Triangle. By 1970, it had 25,000 people. Since then, Chapel Hill has been somewhat rich. The town was the place where the 2015 Chapel Hill shooting happened, which some newspapers described as Islamophobic.
Pedobear

**Pedobear** is an internet meme that gained popularity on 4chan. Pedobear is usually posted as a way to mock users requesting or posting sexualized images of children on 4chan.

Pedobear first appeared on 2channel, a popular bulletin board system in Japan and was originally called Kumā (interjection of Kuma which means bear in Japanese) or Safety Bear.

Pedobear has also been featured as iStockphoto wallpaper and was in the background of a cover of the auto magazine Import Tuner.

On July 3, 2009, Michael R. Barrick, a Canadian artist had created two pictures showing Pedobear together with the mascots of 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games. Gazeta Olsztyńska, a Polish newspaper mistakenly used one of the pictures for a February 4, 2010 front page story about the Olympics in Vancouver.

## Other websites

- Pedobear at KnowYourMeme.com
Lady A

**Lady A** (formerly known as **Lady Antebellum** ) are a country musical group formed in Nashville, Tennessee. The group consist of Dave Haywood, Hillary Scott and Charles Kelsey. They have had multiple hit songs and won several awards for their singing.

The band changed their name to Lady A in 2020 amid the George Floyd protests to remove any associations the old name might have had with slavery and the Antebellum South.

## Other websites

- Lady A's Official website
Victoria Principal

**Victoria Principal** (born January 3, 1950) is an American actress and businessperson. She was born in Japan, where her father was stationed in the U.S. forces.

In 1970, Principal moved to Hollywood. She won her first film role as Marie Elena, a Mexican mistress, in John Huston's _The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean_ (1972) (opposite Paul Newman). She got a Golden Globe nomination as Most Promising Newcomer for this role.

She starred in many movies and TV programs. Her most notable acting was playing Pamela Barnes Ewing in the nighttime television series _Dallas_. She spent nine years on the long-running series, leaving in 1987.
Winton, Victoria

**Winton** is a small town nine kilometres north east of Benalla, Victoria. About 2,800 people live in the town and the other small towns in the area. It is home to the Winton Motor Raceway, a three kilometre motor racing track. Winton was first settled in 1853, and the town was surveyed in 1857. The Hume Highway from Melbourne to Sydney passed through the town, but the Hume Freeway bypassed Winton in 1987.
Grevillea

***Grevillea*** is a genus of about 360 species of evergreen flowering plants in the protea family Proteaceae. It comes from Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Sulawesi. It was named after Charles Francis Greville. The species are quite different from each other, from low growing shrubs less than 0.5 m tall to trees 35 m tall. Common names include **Grevillea**, **Spider Flower**, **Silky-oak** and **Toothbrush**.

Grevilleas are closely related to the genus _Hakea_, the genus gives its name to the subfamily Grevilleoideae. Many species of grevilleas are popular garden plants, especially in Australia but also in other temperate and subtropical climates. Many grevilleas interbreed freely, and some specially picked hybrids have been grown for sale. Among the best known are _Grevillea_ 'Robyn Gordon', a small shrub up to 1.5 metres high and wide which can flower 12 months of the year in subtropical climates.
Western European Time

**Western European Time** (**WET**, UTC±00:00) is a time zone covering parts of western Europe, with countries using UTC±00:00 (also known as Greenwich Mean Time, called GMT). It is one of the three standard time zones in the European Union, with Central European Time and Eastern European Time.
Agnès Sorel

**Agnès Sorel** (1421 – 9 February 1450), was a favourite mistress of King Charles VII of France.  Charles VII was the father of her three daughters.

She was the subject of several contemporary paintings and works of art, including Jean Fouquet's _Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels_.

## Life in the royal court

Sorel was twenty years old when she was first introduced to King Charles. She was a very beautiful young woman, and was also of above-average intelligence. The French king  immediately fell in love, and she soon became his mistress. The King gave her the Château de Loches (where he had been persuaded by Joan of Arc to be crowned King of France) as her private residence.

Sorel's presence was alleged to have brought the king out of a protracted depression. She had a very strong influence on the king, and that, in addition to her extravagant tastes, earned her a number of powerful enemies at court.

## Suspicious death

Agnès gave birth to three daughters fathered by the King: Marie de France, Charlotte de France, and Jeanne de France. While pregnant with their fourth child, she journeyed from Chinon in deep midwinter to join Charles on the campaign of 1450 in Jumièges, wanting to be with him as moral support. There, she suddenly became ill and died at the age of 28. While the cause of death was originally thought to be dysentery. In 2005 French forensic scientist Philippe Charlier examined her remains and found that the cause of death was mercury poisoning.  This did not mean Sorel was murdered, because mercury was sometimes used in cosmetic preparations and also to treat worms.  this could therefore have been the reason for her death.

Sorel's cousin Antoinette de Maignelais took her place as mistress to the king after her death.

## Agnès Sorel in the Arts

- Agnès Sorel plays a main part in Voltaire's epic _La Pucelle_.
- Two Russian operas from the late 19th century portray Agnès Sorel (and Charles VII) among the _dramatis personae_.  These are Pyotr Tchaikovsky's _The Maid of Orleans_ and César Cui's _The Saracen_.

## Foods

Woodcock salmis Agnès Sorel was a dish probably created by herself, but many chefs have name recipes after her because she was known to be interested in food

## Publications

- Duquesne, _Vie et Aventures galantes de la belle Sorel_, (Paris, 1909)
- Autheman, Marc, _Agnès Sorel: l'inspiratrice_,(2008),

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Agnès Sorel
- **image**: AgnesSorel11.jpeg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Portrait of Agnès Sorel by an unknown artist
- **birth date**: 1421
- **birth place**: Yzeures-sur-Creuse, Fromenteau (Yzeures sur Creuse), Touraine, France
- **death date**: 9 February 1450 (aged 28)
- **death place**: Jumièges, Normandy, France
- **occupation**: Maid of Honour
- **known for**: Royal mistress
- **partner**: Charles VII of France
- **parents**: Jean Soreau
 Catherine de Maignelais
- **children**: Charlotte de Valois
 Marie de Valois
 Jeanne de Valois
Strip Me

***Strip Me*** is the third album by Natasha Bedingfield. It was released exclusively in the United States and Canada on December 7, 2010. The record was not as successful as the previous records _Unwritten_ and _Pocketful of Sunshine_, although the song, also titled "Strip Me", reached number 23 on the Adult Contemporary format.
Groton, Suffolk

**Groton** is a village and civil parish in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. Groton has a church called St Bartholomew Church. The parish contains the hamlets of Broad Street, Castling's Heath, Gosling Green, Horner's Green and Parliament Heath. In 2001, there were 222 people living in Groton.

## History

The name Groton might mean sandy or pebbly stream. Groton was listed in the Domesday Book as _Grotena_.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Groton
- **population**: 222
- **shire district**: Babergh
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
- **static image**: St Bartholomew's Church, Groton - geograph.org.uk - 185487.jpg
- **static image caption**: St Bartholomew Church
Booker T. Jones

**Booker T. Jones** (born November 12, 1944) is an American musician, songwriter, record producer and arranger. He is famous as the leader of the band Booker T. & the M.G.'s. He has also worked in recording studios with some of the highest regarded musicians of the 20th and 21st centuries, and in 2007 was given a Grammy Award for a lifetime of good work.

## Albums

- _Green Onions_ (1962)
- _I Want You_ (1981)
- _Potato Hole_ (2009)

## Other websites

- Official homepage
- Booker T. interview May 2009
- Article
- AV Club: article
- wtop.com: article

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Booker T. Jones
- **image**: Booker T. Jones 2009.jpg
- **birth place**: Memphis, Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, US
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter, producer
- **years active**: 1961–present
- **genre**: Rhythm and blues, R&B, instrumental rock, soul, electric blues
- **instrument**: Hammond organ, piano, oboe, Keyboard instrument, keyboards, saxophone, vocals, trombone, guitar, bass guitar
- **associated acts**: Booker T. & the MGs, Dirty Dozen Brass Band, Stephen Stills, Otis Redding, Drive By Truckers, The Mar-Keys, Let The Dominoes Fall, Rancid
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic, Stax Records, Stax, Anti Records, Anti-
- **website**: [http://www.bookert.com/ bookert.com]
Louis Gabriel Suchet

**Louis Gabriel Suchet**, **1st Duc d'Albufera** (2 March 1770 – 3 January 1826) was a Marshal of France and one of Napoleon's most brilliant generals.

## Early career

He was the son of a silk manufacturer at Lyon, where he was born, originally intended to follow his father's business; but as a volunteer in the cavalry of the national guard at Lyons in 1792 his military ability got him rapid promotion. As _chef de bataillon_ he was present at the Siege of Toulon in 1793, where he took General O'Hara prisoner.

|A divisional commander in the campaigns against the Third and Fourth Coalitions
Suchet was one of the few senior French officers serving in Spain who managed to preserve their reputation intact.
In the campaigns of 1805 and 1806 he greatly enhanced his reputation at Austerlitz, Saalfeld, Jena, Pułtusk and Ostrolenka. He obtained the title of count on 19 March 1808, married on 16 November of the same year Mlle. Honorine Anthoine de Saint-Joseph (Marseille, 26 February 1790 – Paris, 13 April 1884), a niece of Julie Clary, the wife of Joseph Bonaparte, and soon afterwards was ordered to Spain. He was named commander of the army of Aragon and governor of that region, and in two years brought the area into complete submission. Beaten by the Spanish at Alcañiz, he sprung back and soundly defeated the army of Blake at María on 14 June 1809, and on 22 April 1810 defeated Henry Joseph O'Donnell, Count of La Bisbal at Lleida.

He was made marshal of France (8 July 1811). In 1812 he captured Valencia, for which he was rewarded with the ducal victorious title  of _duc d'Albufera da Valencia_ in 1813.

The restored Bourbon king Louis XVIII made him a peer of France on 4 June, with a seat in the upper house, but, having commanded one of Napoleon's armies on the Alpine frontier during the Hundred Days, he was deprived of his peerage on 24 July 1815. He died near Marseille on 3 January 1826.

## Personal life

He married in 1808 Honorine de Saint-Joseph (1790 – 1884) and had 3 children:
- Louise-Honorine (1811 – 1885)
- Louis-Napoleon (1813 – 1877)
- Anne-Marie (1820 – 1835)

## Foods

Carême named several dishes after Albufera, including
- Poularde Albufera, a chicken dish designed to be accompanied by
- Albufera Sauce

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Louis Gabriel Suchet, 1st Duc d'Albufera
- **image**: Louis gabriel Suchet.png
- **born**: 2 March 1770
- **died**: 3 January 1826 (aged 55)
- **placeofbirth**: Lyon, France
- **placeofdeath**: near Marseilles, France
- **branch**: French Army, army
- **serviceyears**: 1792–1815
- **rank**: Divisional General, Général de division
- **battles**: French Revolutionary Wars

*Siege of Toulon
Napoleonic Wars

*Battle of Austerlitz
*Battle of Saalfeld
*Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, Battle of Jena
*Battle of Pułtusk
*Siege of Saragossa (1808), Siege of Saragossa
*Battle of Alcañiz
*Battle of María
War of the Seventh Coalition
- **awards**: Marshal of France
- **laterwork**: author