juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Nectophrynoides

***Nectophrynoides*** is a genus of true toads. They live in Eastern Arc forests and wetlands in Tanzania. All but _N. tornieri_ are threatened. Species of the genus are ovoviviparous: fertilization is internal, and the females give birth to fully developed, small toadlets. Together with the West Africa _Nimbaphrynoides_, they are the only frogs/toads in the world that do not lay eggs.

## Species

|Binomial Name and Author|Common Name||
| --- | --- | --- |
|_Nectophrynoides asperginis_|Kihansi Spray Toad||
|_Nectophrynoides cryptus_|Secret Tree Toad||
|_Nectophrynoides frontierei_|Frontier Forest Toad||
|_Nectophrynoides laevis_|Smooth Forest Toad||
|_Nectophrynoides laticeps_|||
|_Nectophrynoides minutus_|Minute Tree Toad||
|_Nectophrynoides paulae_|||
|_Nectophrynoides poyntoni_|Poynton's Forest Toad||
|_Nectophrynoides pseudotornieri_|Pseudo Forest Toad||
|_Nectophrynoides tornieri_|Tornier's Tree Toad||
|_Nectophrynoides vestergaardi_|Vestergaard's Forest Toad||
|_Nectophrynoides viviparus_|Morogoro Tree Toad||
|_Nectophrynoides wendyae_|Uzungwe Scarp Tree Toad||

## References

- Frost, Darrel R. 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October 2007). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Nectophrynoides accessdate=2008-04-14
Nimbaphrynoides

***Nimbaphrynoides*** is a genus of true toads.  They live in the highlands in the Mount Nimba region of the West African countries of Guinea, Liberia and Côte d'Ivoire. They are Critically Endangered due to habitat loss, and iron and bauxite mining in their small ranges.

The two species are viviparous.  This means they have internal fertilisation. The female gives birth to fully developed, tiny toadlets. _Nectophrynoides_ and _Nimbaphrynoides_ are the only frogs/toads that do not lay eggs.

## Species

|Binomial Name and Author|Common Name|
| --- | --- |
|_Nimbaphrynoides liberiensis_|Liberia Nimba Toad|
|_Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis_|Western Nimba Toad|

## References

- . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October 2007). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. _Nimbaphrynoides_ access date: 2008-04-17
- eol - Encyclopedia of Life at http://www.eol.org Taxon  _Nimbaphrynoides_
- GBIF - Global Biodiversity Information Facility at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm  Taxon _Nimbaphrynoides_
Oreophrynella

***Oreophrynella*** (**bush toads**) is a genus of true toads.  They live in southern Venezuela, Guyana and far northern Brazil.

## Species

|Binomial Name and Author|Common Name|
| --- | --- |
|_Oreophrynella cryptica_||
|_Oreophrynella dendronastes_||
|_Oreophrynella huberi_|Bolivar Bush Toad|
|_Oreophrynella macconnelli_|MacConnell's Bush Toad|
|_Oreophrynella nigra_|Pebble Toad|
|_Oreophrynella quelchii_|Roraima Bush Toad|
|_Oreophrynella vasquezi_||
|_Oreophrynella weiassipuensis_||

## Other websites

- . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October 2007). _Oreophrynella_. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 1, 2008).
- [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: _Oreophrynella_. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 1, 2008).
- taxon _Oreophrynella_ at http://www.eol.org.
- Taxon _Oreophrynella_ at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 1, 2008).
- Taxon _Oreophrynella_ at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm
Black-knobbed map turtle

The **black-knobbed map turtle** (_Graptemys nigrinoda_) is a species of aquatic turtles. Their skin is light gray and have spikes on their shell. They are part of the _Graptemys_ genus and were once called the **black-knobbed sawback turtle**. They live in rivers in the Mobile Bay in Alabama and Mississippi.

## Other websites

- Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group 1996.  Graptemys nigrinoda .   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.  Downloaded on 29 July 2007.
Amazonas (Venezuela)

**Amazonas** is one of the 23 states into which Venezuela is divided. Amazonas State covers a total surface area of 176,899 km² and, in 2007, had a population of 142,200.

The state capital is Puerto Ayacucho. Amazonas has Venezuela's highest proportion of indigenous peoples of Venezuela.

## Municipalities and Municipal Seats

|**Municipality**|**Capital**|km²|Pop|Map|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Alto Orinoco Municipality|La Esmeralda|49.217 km²|14.222 hab. (2008)||
|Atabapo Municipality|San Fernando de Atabapo|25.062 km²|12.797 hab. (2007)||
|Atures Municipality|Puerto Ayacucho|7.302 km²|91.386 hab (2007)||
|Autana Municipality|Isla Ratón|12.291 km²|8.181 hab (2007)||
|Manapiare Municipality|San Juan de Manapiare|32.042 km²|9.658 hab (2007)||
|Maroa Municipality|Maroa|13.082 km²|8.181 hab (2005)||
|Río Negro Municipality|San Carlos de Río Negro|37.903 km²|9.658 hab (2007)||

### Rivers

In this state comes the main river of Venezuela, the Orinoco, in the mount delgado Chalbaud. Other rivers in the state are: Ventuari river, Yatití, Parú, Asita, Manapiare, Marieta, Guapachí, Ocamo, Putaco, Padamo, Cuntinamo, Botamo,  Matacuní, Ugueto, Mavaca, Manaviche, Cunucunuma, Guanane, Yagua, Guaviare, Sipapo, Cataniapo Atabapo, Uesete, Siapa, Ararí,  Manipitare,  Casiquiare, Pamoni, Pasiba, Pasimoni, Negro and Guainía.

### National parks

The State of Amazonas has many natural sites of great interest.
- Parima Tapirapeco National Park
- Serranía La Neblina National Park
- Yapacana National Park
- National Park Duida Marahuaca

### Natural monuments

- Piedra del Cocuy.
- Cerro Autana.
- Piedra de la Tortuga.
- Piedra Pintada.

## Fauna

The rich fauna of the region is represented by numerous specimens of mammals, reptiles, fish and birds.
- Mammals: puma, jaguar, tapir, monkey, anteater, & fox.
- Reptiles: Orinoco crocodile, baba, turtle, tortoise, snakes, anaconda, tragavenado,  cuaima, & mapanare.
- Fish: Sapoara, shaker or electric eel, bay, caribbean, piranha, catfish, and guabina.
- Birds: eagle, harpy eagle, hawk, macaw,  katana, carpenter, helmeted,  & toucan.

## Other websites

- Governor's page
Osornophryne

***Osornophryne*** (**Plump Toads**) is a genus of true toads.  They live in Colombia and Ecuador.

## Species

|Binomial Name and Author|Common Name|
| --- | --- |
|_Osornophryne antisana_|Napo Plump Toad|
|_Osornophryne bufoniformis_|Peracca's Plump Toad|
|_Osornophryne guacamayo_|Guacamayo Plump Toad|
|_Osornophryne percrassa_|Herveo Plump Toad|
|_Osornophryne puruanta_||
|_Osornophryne sumacoensis_||
|_Osornophryne talipes_|Cannatella's Plump Toad|

## Other websites

- . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October, 2007). _Osornophryne_. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 05, 2008).
- [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: _Osornophryne_. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 05, 2008).
- taxon _Osornophryne_ at http://www.eol.org.
- Taxon _Osornophryne_ at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 05, 2008).
- Taxon _Osornophryne_ at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm
Pedostibes

***Pedostibes*** (**Asian Tree Toads**) is a genus of true toads.  They live in South India, Malay Peninsula to Borneo and Sumatra. They have horizontal pupils and webbed fingers and toes.

## Species

|Binomial Name and Author|Common Name|
| --- | --- |
|_Pedostibes everetti_|Everett's Asian Tree Toad|
|_Pedostibes hosii_|Boulenger's Asian Tree Toad|
|_Pedostibes kempi_|Kemp's Asian Tree Toad|
|_Pedostibes maculatus_|Spotted Asian Tree Toad|
|_Pedostibes rugosus_|Inger's Asian Tree Toad|
|_Pedostibes tuberculosus_|Warty Asian Tree Toad|

## Other websites

- . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October 2007). _Pedostibes_. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 7, 2008).
- [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: _Pedostibes_. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 7, 2008).
- taxon _Pedostibes_ at http://www.eol.org.
- Taxon _Pedostibes_ at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 7, 2008).
- Taxon _Pedostibes_ at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm
Pelophryne

***Pelophryne*** (**Flathead Toads**) is a genus of true toads.  They live in the Philippines, Borneo, Malaya, Singapore and Hainan Island, China.

## Species

|Binomial name and author|Common name|
| --- | --- |
|_Pelophryne albotaeniata_|White-striped Flathead Toad|
|_Pelophryne api_||
|_Pelophryne brevipes_|Zamboanga Flathead Toad|
|_Pelophryne guentheri_|Gunther's Flathead Toad|
|_Pelophryne lighti_|Mindanao Flathead Toad|
|_Pelophryne linanitensis_||
|_Pelophryne macrotis_|Boulenger's Flathead Toad|
|_Pelophryne misera_|Black Flathead Toad|
|_Pelophryne murudensis_||
|_Pelophryne rhopophilius_||
|_Pelophryne signata_|Saint Andrew's Cross Toadlet|

## References

- . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October, 2007). _Pelophryne_. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 07, 2008).
- [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: _Pelophryne_. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 07, 2008).
- taxon _Pelophryne_ at http://www.eol.org.
- Taxon _Pelophryne_ at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 07, 2008).
- Taxon _Pelophryne_ at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm
Pseudobufo subasper

***Pseudobufo subasper*** is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family. It is the only species in the genus ***Pseudobufo***.  They are found in Indonesia and Malaysia.  They live in subtropical or tropical swamps. They are threatened by habitat loss.

This toad can only be found in peat swamps. They have fully webbed back feet.

## References

- van Dijk, P.P., Iskandar, D. & Inger, R. 2004. _Pseudobufo subasper_. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 21 July 2007.

## Other websites

- Amphibian and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia - _Pseudobufo subasper_
African red toad

The **African red toad** or **African split-skin toad** (_Schismaderma carens_) is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family. It is the only species in the genus ***Schismaderma***.

It is found in Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and possibly Lesotho.
It lives in many habitats.  These are dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marches, arable land, pastureland, urban areas, water storage areas, ponds, canals and ditches, and man-made karsts.

## References

- Poynton, J.C., Howell, K., Minter, L. & Tandy, M. 2004. _Schismaderma carens_ . 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 21 July 2007.
Truebella

***Truebella*** is a genus of true toads.  They live in Peru at the Ayacucho and Junín regions.

## Species

|Binomial Name and Author|Common Name|
| --- | --- |
|_Truebella skoptes_||
|_Truebella tothastes_||

## References

- , 1995. A new taxon of Bufonidae from Peru, with descriptions of two new species and a review of the phylogenetic status of supraspecific bufonid taxa . _Herpetologica_, **51**(2), 105-131.

## Other websites

- . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October, 2007). _Truebella_. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 08, 2008).
- [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: _Truebella_. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 08, 2008).
- taxon _Truebella_ at http://www.eol.org.
- Taxon _Truebella_ at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 08, 2008).
Werneria

***Werneria*** (**smalltongue toads**) is a genus of true toads.  They live in Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea.

## Species

|Binomial Name and Author|Common Name|
| --- | --- |
|_Werneria bambutensis_|Bamboutos Smalltongue Toad|
|_Werneria iboundji_||
|_Werneria mertensiana_|Mertens' Smalltongue Toad|
|_Werneria preussi_|Buea Smalltongue Toad|
|_Werneria submontana_||
|_Werneria tandyi_|Tandy's Smalltongue Toad|

## References

- , 2004 Revision of the genus Werneria Poche, 1903, including the descriptions of two new species from Cameroon and Gabon (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) _Zootaxa_ **720**: 1–28 http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2004f/z00720f.pdf

## Other websites

- . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (October 10, 2007). _Werneria_. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 8, 2008).
- [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: _Werneria_. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 8, 2008).
- taxon _Werneria_ at http://www.eol.org.
- Taxon _Werneria_ at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 8, 2008).
- Taxon _Werneria_ at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm
Wolterstorffina

***Wolterstorffina*** (**Wolterstorff Toads**) is a genus of true toads.  They live in Nigeria and Cameroon.

## Species

|Binomial Name and Author|Common Name|
| --- | --- |
|_Wolterstorffina chirioi_||
|_Wolterstorffina mirei_|Mout Okou Wolterstorff Toad|
|_Wolterstorffina parvipalmata_|Cameroon Wolterstorff Toads|

## Other websites

- . 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.1 (October 10, 2007). _Wolterstorffina_. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: May 9, 2008).
- [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: _Wolterstorffina_. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: May 9, 2008).
- taxon _Wolterstorffina_ at http://www.eol.org.
- Taxon _Wolterstorffina_ at https://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: May 9, 2008).
- Taxon _Wolterstorffina_ at http://data.gbif.org/welcome.htm
Pelobatidae

The **European spadefoot toads** are a family of frogs, the **Pelobatidae**.  There is only one living genus, called _Pelobates_.  It has four species. They live in Europe, the Mediterranean, northwestern Africa and western Asia.

The European spadefoot toads are small to large sized frogs.  They grow up to  in length. They burrow in sandy soils. They have a hardened growth on their feet to help in digging. They will come out from the ground during times of rain and breed in pools, which are usually temporary.

All of the species from this family have free-living, aquatic tadpoles. The eggs are laid in temporary ponds that may quickly evaporate.  The tadpole stage is very short.  They grow to adult form in as little as two weeks. To further speed their growth, some of the tadpoles are cannibalistic, eating their brood-mates to increase their supply of protein.

## Taxonomy

Family **Pelobatidae**
- Genus †_Elkobatrachus_
    - †_Elkobatrachus brocki_
- Genus ***Pelobates***
    - Western Spadefoot Toad  (_Pelobates cultripes_)
    - Common Spadefoot  (_Pelobates fuscus_)
    - Eastern Spadefoot Toad  (_Pelobates syriacus_)

- Moroccan Spadefoot Toad  (_Pelobates varaldii_)
Archaeobatrachia

**Archaeobatrachia** is a suborder of Anura.  It has various primitive frogs and toads. As the name literally suggests, these are the most primitive frogs. Many of the species (28 in total) show certain body features which are not in other frogs and toads. They are mostly found in Eurasia, New Zealand, the Philippines and Borneo.

In addition, the family Ascaphidae is found in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.  They are only represented by two species.
Mesobatrachia

**Mesobatrachia** is the second largest of the Anura suborders of amphibians. It has 6 families, 20 genera and 168 species. The name suggests they are moderately old.

Mesobatrachia are a newer group.  They were identified in 1993.
Tony Scott

**Anthony David** "**Tony**" **Scott** (21 June 1944 – 19 August 2012) was a British movie director. He was the younger brother of movie director Ridley Scott.

## Early life

Scott was born in North Shields, the son of Elizabeth and Colonel Francis Percy Scott. Scott was educated at the Royal College of Art and at the University of Sunderland.

## Career

His movies include _The Hunger_, _Top Gun_, _Beverly Hills Cop II_, _The Last Boy Scout_, _True Romance_, _Crimson Tide_, _Enemy of the State_, _Spy Game_, _Man on Fire_, _Déjà Vu_, _The Taking of Pelham 123_ and _Unstoppable_. In 2010, the Scott brothers produced _The A-Team_ of the television series. Scott's film, _Unstoppable_, again starring Washington (with Chris Pine), the movie was released in November 2010.

## Personal life

Scott was married to Gerry Scott from 1967 until they divorced 1974. Second he married 1986 until they divorced in 1987. Lastly he married Donna W. Scott from 1994 until his death in 2012. He had 2 children.

### Death

On 19 August 2012, Scott had committed suicide by jumping off the Vincent Thomas Bridge in the San Pedro, Los Angeles, port district of Los Angeles, California. A memorial service was held and celebrities also attended; Tom Cruise, Val Kilmer, Eddie Murphy, Denzel Washington, Gene Hackman, Elijah Wood, Dane Cook, Dwayne Johnson, Stephen Fry, Peter Fonda, and Keira Knightley were some that attended the memorial service.

### Actors

<div class="center">
|Actor|_Top Gun_|_Revenge_|_Days of Thunder_|_The Last Boy Scout_|_True Romance_|_Crimson Tide_|_The Fan_|_Enemy of the State_|_Spy Game_|_Man on Fire_|_Domino_|_Déjà Vu_|_The Taking of Pelham 123_|_Unstoppable_|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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</div>

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tony Scott
- **birth name**: Anthony David Scott
- **birth place**: North Shields, England, United Kingdom
- **death place**: San Pedro, Los Angeles, San Pedro, Los Angeles, California, United States
- **death cause**: Suicide by jumping from a bridge
- **resting place**: Hollywood Forever Cemetery
- **citizenship**: British
- **nationality**: English
- **occupation**: Movie director & producer
- **years active**: 1969–2012
- **spouse**: Gerry Boldy
(m. 1967–1974, divorced)
Glynis Staunton
(m. 1986–1987, divorced)
Donna W. Wilson
(m. 1994–2012; his death)
- **children**: 2
Sleep hygiene

**Sleep hygiene** is a set of practices and changes in behavior that make it easier to get restful sleep. Nathaniel Kleitman first used the term, in 1939. A book by psychologist Peter Hauri introduced the concept within the context of modern sleep medicine. Sleep hygiene was developed as a method to help people with mild to moderate insomnia.

Sleep hygiene recommendations include setting up a sleep schedule, using naps with care, not exercising physically or mentally too close to bedtime, reducing stress, reducing nighttime activity, and limiting bed use if not sleeping, to name a few. Other recommendations include avoiding alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, and other stimulants in the hours before bedtime, and having a peaceful, comfortable and dark sleep environment.

Doctors study the sleep hygiene of people who present with insomnia and other conditions, such as depression, and offer recommendations based on the assessment.
Parupalli Kashyap

**Parupalli Kashyap** () (born 8 September 1986), also known as **Kashyap Parupalli**, is an Indian athlete.  He is best known as a badminton player who competed in the Summer Olympic Games.

## Early life

Parupalli trained at Hyderabad.

## International competitions

In the 2012 Summer Olympics at London, Parupalli reached quarter-finals in the badminton tournament.

## Other websites

- Kashyap Parupalli at London2012.com

## Infobox (badminton player)

- **name**: Parupalli Kashyap
- **image**: Kashyap badminton.jpg
- **birth name**: Parupalli Kashyap
- **residence**: Hyderabad, India
- **event**: Men's singles
- **highest ranking**: 6
- **date of highest ranking**: 25 April 2013
- **current ranking**: 23
- **date of current ranking**: 26 November 2019
- **coach**: Pullela Gopichand
- **handedness**: Right
- **titles**: 3
- **bwf id**: 0DE63AAB-7715-46DC-8F3A-845734C2FA54
Sushil Kumar

|}

**Sushil Kumar** is an Indian sportsman.  He is best known as a wrestler who competed in two Summer Olympic Games.

## International competitions

In the 2008 Summer Olympics at Beijing, Kumar won a bronze medal in wrestling.

He won a silver medal in the 2012 Summer Olympics at London.

## Related pages

- Sports in India
- India at the Olympics
Gagan Narang

**Gagan Narang** (born 6 May 1983) is an Indian sportsman.  His is best known as an shooter (marksman) who competed in three Summer Olympic Games.

## Early life

He was born in Chennai on 6 May 1983 and his ancestors belonged to Samalkha in Panipat district in Haryana.
Gagan was born in Madras in Tamil Nadu. He was raised in Hyderabad.

## International competitions

Gagan Narang is a gold medalist in the Afro Asian games, 2003 in Hyderabad on October 26, 2003 in Men's 10m air rifle competition.
He also won gold medals in the Commonwealth Games in 2006 and 2010.

Gagan Narang won the bronze medal in the 10m air rifle event at the 2012 London Olympics

## ISSF World Medal Tally

|No.|Event|Championship|Year|Place|Medal|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|10 metre air rifle|ISSF World Shooting Championships|2010|Munich||
|3|50m Rifle 3 Positions|ISSF World Cup|2009|Changwon||
|4|10m air rifle|ISSF World Cup|2009|Changwon||
|5|10 metre air rifle|ISSF World Cup Final|2008|Bangkok||
|6|10m air rifle|ISSF World Cup|2008|Beijing||
|7|10m air rifle|ISSF World Cup|2006|Guangzhou||

## World record

|colspan=7|Current world records held in men's 10 metre air rifle|
| --- | --- |
|rowspan=2|Men|

## Related pages

- Sports in India
- India at the Olympics

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Gagan Narang
- **image**: XIX Commonwealth Games-2010 Delhi Gagan Narang won the Gold medal in (Men’s) Shooting Rifle 50m pairs (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: 2010 XIX Commonwealth Games
- **birth place**: Chennai, Tamil Nadu
- **nationality**: Indian
- **occupation**: Rifle shooting
- **residence**: Hyderabad, Telangana
- **show-medals**: no
Zara Tindall

**Zara Anne Elizabeth Tindall** <small></small> (née **Phillips**; born 15 May 1981) is a British equestrian and the second-eldest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

Tindall is the second child, and only daughter, of Anne, Princess Royal and her first husband, Mark Phillips. She is married to Mike Tindall, who used to be a rugby player for England. She is better known by her maiden (old name before marriage) name. In the line of succession, she is called "Mrs Michael Tindall".

She was given an Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) honour in the 2007 New Year's Honours List, by her grandmother for her services to equestrianism. In 2012, she carried an Olympic flame at a racecourse in Cheltenham.

She won a silver medal at London 2012.

## Early life

Tindall was born at St Mary's Hospital in London. She is the eldest granddaughter of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. When she was born, she was sixth in line to the throne. She is now 18th in line.

She has an older brother, Peter Phillips (born 15 November 1977). She has two half-sisters, Felicity Tonkin (born in 1985 after her father had an affair) and Stephanie Phillips, born 2 October 1997, from her father's second marriage.

The children of the Princess Royal do not hold a title. It is thought their mother did not want them to have one.

## Marriage and family

On 21 December 2010, Buckingham Palace said she was engaged to Mike Tindall MBE. She got a diamond and platinum engagement ring from Tindall. They married in 2011. Her first daughter and child, Mia Grace Tindall, was born on 17 January 2014 at Gloucestershire Royal Hospital in Gloucestershire. Her second daughter and child, Lena Elizabeth Tindall was born on 18 June 2018 in Stroud Maternity Hospital at Stroud. A son, Lucas Philip Tindall, was born March 24, 2021 at Gatcombe Park in Gloucestershire. |title=Zara Tindall Gives Birth to a Baby Boy |publisher=Town&Country |date=March 24, 2021}}</ref>

## Infobox (equestrian)

- **embed**: yes
- **discipline**: Eventing


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Zara Tindall
- **image**: Zara Phillips cropped but without a crop.jpg
- **caption**: Tindall in 2007
- **birth name**: Zara Anne Elizabeth Phillips
- **alma mater**: University of Exeter
- **children**: 3
- **birth place**: St Mary's Hospital, London, England
- **family**: House of Windsor
Jean-Georges Noverre

**Jean-Georges Noverre** (29 April 1727 – 19 October 1810) was a French dancer and ballet master (choreographer). He is considered the creator of the ballet d'action. He performed or held posts across Europe. His first great success was the ballet _Les Fêtes Chinoises_. Other ballets include _Jason et Médée_, _La Toilette de Venus_, _Les Jalousies du sérail_, _La dour corsaire_ and _Le Jaloux sans rival_. He expressed his views on dance in the book _Lettres sur la danse et les ballets_ in 1756 (published in 1760). The French Revolution reduced Noverre to poverty. He died in 1810.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jean-Georges Noverre
- **image**: Jean-Georges Noverre.jpg
- **caption**: Jean-Georges Noverre
(by Jean-Baptiste Perronneau, 1764)
- **birth date**: 29 April 1727
- **death date**: 19 October 1810
- **nationality**: French
- **occupation**: Dancer
Choreographer
Ballet blanc

A ***ballet blanc*** (literally, _white ballet_) is a ballet in the style of the 19th century romantic ballet. The ballerinas and the female members of the _corps de ballet_ wear bell-shaped, calf-length, white ballet tutus. The second acts of _La Sylphide_ and _Giselle_ are representatives of the _ballet blanc_. Fokine's _Les Sylphides_ is a 20th-century homage to the _ballet blanc_.
Jean-Claude Juncker

**Jean-Claude Juncker** (born 9 December 1954) is a politician from Luxembourg. Juncker studied Law. He was one of the people who designed the Maastricht Treaty. Junker was Prime Minister of Luxembourg from 1995 to 2013. In 2014, he was elected President of the European Commission.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jean-Claude Juncker
- **image**: Ioannes Claudius Juncker die 7 Martis 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait of Juncker taken in March 2014
- **office**: President of the European Commission
- **vicepresident**: Frans Timmermans
- **term start**: 1 November 2014
- **term end**: 30 November 2019
- **predecessor**: José Manuel Barroso
- **successor**: Ursula von der Leyen
- **office1**: List of Prime Ministers of Luxembourg, Prime Minister of Luxembourg
- **monarch1**: Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Jean
Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Henri
- **deputy1**: Jacques Poos
Lydie Polfer
Jean Asselborn
- **term start1**: 20 January 1995
- **term end1**: 4 December 2013
- **predecessor1**: Jacques Santer
- **successor1**: Xavier Bettel
- **office3**: Minister for the Treasury
- **term start3**: 23 July 2009
- **term end3**: 4 December 2013
- **predecessor3**: Luc Frieden
- **successor3**: _Vacant_
- **office4**: List of Ministers for Finances of Luxembourg, Minister for Finances
- **primeminister4**: Jacques Santer
- **term start4**: 14 July 1989
- **term end4**: 23 July 2009
- **predecessor4**: Jacques Santer
- **successor4**: Luc Frieden
- **office5**: Minister for Work and Employment
- **primeminister5**: Jacques Santer
- **term start5**: 20 July 1984
- **term end5**: 7 August 1999
- **predecessor5**: Jacques Santer
- **successor5**: François Biltgen
- **birth place**: Redange, Luxembourg
- **party**: Christian Social People's Party
- **spouse**: Christiane Frising
- **alma mater**: University of Strasbourg
- **signature**: Jean-Claude Juncker signature.svg
Outsider art

**Outsider art** is art that is non-commercial and that lives outside the usual art galleries.

Usually it is created by people who have little or no artistic training in art schools. Some may have a mental illness like schizophrenia. People who do outsider art are called outsider artists. They create their art from their own inner experience, not caring or knowing what other artists maybe doing. The term outsider art was first used by art critic Roger Casement in 1972. These artists often create buildings with strange architecture they build alone. Some of them also do more conventional arts like painting, sculpture.
William Windom (actor)

**William Windom** (September 28, 1923 – August 16, 2012) was an American movie, radio, stage, voice, and mostly television actor who's career has lasted for 56 years. Windom is mostly known for his roles in popular television series such as; Matt Decker in _Star Trek_, as Dr. Seth Hazlitt in _Murder, She Wrote_, Glen Morley in _The Twilight Zone_, and is also known for his voice as Puppetino in _Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night_.

## Early life

Windom was born on September 28, 1923 in New York City, New York to Isobel Wells (née Peckham) and Paul Windom.

## Personal life

Windom was married to Carol Keyser from 1947 until they divorced in 1955. Secondly he married Barbara Joyce from 1958 until they divorced in 1963. Thirdly he married Barbara Goetz from 1963 until they divorced in 1968. Fourthly he married Jacqulyn Hopkins from 1969 until they divorced in 1974. Lastly he married Patricia Tunder from 1975 until his death in 2012.

### Death

Windom died on August 16, 2012 from congestive heart failure in his home in Woodacre, California, he was 88 years old.
Asano Nagasato

is a former Japanese football player. She played for the Japan national team. Her brother Genki Nagasato and sister Yuki Nagasato are footballers.

## Biography

Nagasato was born in Atsugi on January 24, 1989. She joined Nippon TV Beleza from the youth team in 2007. In 2012 season, she was selected Best Eleven. In 2013, she moved to German Bundesliga club Turbine Potsdam. In 2016, she retired.

In November 2008, Nagasato was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2008 U-20 World Cup. She scored two goals including a winner against Germany. On July 29, 2009, Nagasato debuted for the Japan national team against Germany. She was a member of Japan for 2015 World Cup. She played 11 games and scored 1 goals for Japan until 2015.

## Statistics

|colspan="3"|Japan national team||
| --- | --- | --- |
|2009|3|0|
|2010|0|0|
|2011|1|0|
|2012|0|0|
|2013|2|0|
|2014|1|1|
|2015|4|0|

## Other websites

- Japan Football Association

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Asano Nagasato
- **image**: Asano Nagasato 2014 (cropped).jpg
- **image size**: 200
- **caption**: Nagasato in 2014
- **fullname**: Asano Nagasato
- **birth place**: Atsugi, Kanagawa, Atsugi, Kanagawa Prefecture, Kanagawa, Japan
- **position**: Midfielder, Forward
- **youthyears1**: 2004–2006
- **youthclubs1**: Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza, Nippon TV Beleza
- **years1**: 2007–2012
- **clubs1**: Nippon TV Tokyo Verdy Beleza, Nippon TV Beleza
- **caps1**: 90
- **goals1**: 39
- **years2**: 2013–2016
- **clubs2**: 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam, Turbine Potsdam
- **caps2**: 37
- **goals2**: 12
- **totalcaps**: 127
- **totalgoals**: 51
- **nationalyears1**: 2008
- **nationalteam1**: Japan women's national under-20 football team, Japan U-20
- **nationalcaps1**: 3
- **nationalgoals1**: 2
- **nationalyears2**: 2009–2015
- **nationalteam2**: Japan women's national football team, Japan
- **nationalcaps2**: 11
- **nationalgoals2**: 1
Kōra taisha

is a Japanese Shinto shrine in Kurume, Fukuoka Prefecture.

## History

_Kōra taisha_ was founded in the fifth century.  It is mentioned in the _Engishiki_.

It was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Chikugo Province and it is one of four in Fukuoka Prefecture.

In 1915, the shrine was recognized in the system of State Shinto.  It was one of six most highly ranked, nationally significant shrines or .

## Other websites

- Kōra Taisha homepage
GamePro

***Gamepro*** was an American video game magazine. It focuses on anything to do with video games (such as the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Wii), PCs and even mobile devices (such as the PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, iPhone). Gamepro Media had owned and published the monthly magazine issue and the official website Gamepro.com. The company was also a partly-owned subsidiary of International Data Group (IDG), a technology media, events and research company.

The very first issue of Gamepro was originally published in April 1989. It was a monthly magazine and had its last headquarters based in Oakland, California from June 2002 through May 2015. The official website of the magazine launched in 1998. It was updated daily and had included several game articles, news, previews, reviews, game screenshots and gaming videos on various video games, video game console system platform hardware and video game software development upon in the entertainment gaming industry. The official website also included various user forums, game reviews and other interesting game blogs as well. The official website's headquarters was then and formerly based in San Francisco from May 1998 through May 2002.

Gamepro is currently now-defunct as a magazine and a website.

Gamepro would only then now become part of the PC World website, covering on the latest and most recently developed video games in the entertainment video gaming industry, and to which is now currently being run by the new PC World staff.

## Other websites

- Gamepro.com: Official Gamepro website

## Infobox (magazine)

- **title**: Gamepro
- **image size**: 225px
- **image caption**: _Gamepro_ magazine, May 2010 issue
- **editor**: Julian Rignall
- **editor title**: Vice President, Content
- **frequency**: Monthly
- **category**: Video game journalism
- **company**: IDG
- **firstdate**: Magazine: April 1989 Website: 1998
- **country**: United States
- **finaldate**: Magazine: May 2015 Website: 2015
- **based**: Oakland, California
- **language**: English language, English
- **website**: [https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.gamepro.com/&date=2011-08-26+08:43:44 Gamepro.com]
- **issn**: 1042-8658
Second derivative

In physics and mathematics (particularly in differential calculus), the **second derivative** is the derivative of the derivative of a function, say . The second derivative has many real-life applications, especially in the study of mathematical optimization and acceleration. Second derivatives can be notated in several ways, some of which are

- ,    or

Other notations are used, but the above two are the most commonly used.

## Power Rule for Finding the Second Derivative

If we have a function , then the second derivative of the function can be found using the **power rule for second derivatives**. That is,

## Related pages

- Second derivative test
Berlin, New Hampshire

**Berlin** is a city next to the Androscoggin River in Coos County, New Hampshire. It was first settled in 1823-1824 by William Sessions and Cyrus Wheeler. It was Incorporated as a city in 1897. In 2020, 9,425 people lived in Berlin.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Berlin, New Hampshire
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Downtown Berlin 6.JPG
- **image caption**: Downtown Berlin
- **motto**: Your Adventure Starts Here
- **nicknames**:
The City That Trees Built
Paper City
Tansy Town
Hockey Town USA
- **image map**: Coos-Berlin-NH.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in New Hampshire
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: New Hampshire
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New Hampshire, County
- **subdivision name2**: Coös County, New Hampshire, Coös
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established title2**: Town
- **established date2**: :Category:1829 establishments, 1829
- **established title3**: City
- **established date3**: :Category:1897 establishments, 1897
- **leader title**: Mayoralty in the United States, Mayor
- **leader title1**: City council, City Council
- **leader title2**: City manager, City Manager
- **area total km2**: 161.10
- **area land km2**: 158.89
- **area water km2**: 2.21
- **elevation ft**: 1020
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 9425
- **population density km2**: 59.32
- **population density sq mi**: 153.63
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 03570
- **area code**: Area code 603, 603
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 33-05140
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0871491
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 62.20
- **area land sq mi**: 61.35
- **area water sq mi**: 0.85
Cryptobranchoidea

**Cryptobranchoidea** is a suborder of salamanders.  They are found in eastern North America, China, Taiwan, and Japan.  They are known as **primitive salamanders**. This is in contrast to Salamandroidea, or **advanced salamander**.

## Description

This suborder has only two families. Other families went extinct in the past and are only known as fossils.
- _Cryptobranchidae_
- _Hynobiidae_
Salamandroidea

**Salamandroidea** is a suborder of salamanders, the **advanced salamanders**. The members of the suborder are found worldwide except for Antarctica, Southern Sahara, and Oceania.

All members use internal fertilization. The female is fertilized by a spermatophore, a sperm-containing cap put by the male in her cloaca. The sperm is stored in on the roof of the cloaca until it is needed at the time of egg laying.

The earliest known salamandroid fossils are from the Tiaojishan Formation.  They are dated to the late Jurassic period about 157 million years ago.
Wendy Schaal

**Wendy Schaal** (born July 2, 1954) is an American actress. She starred in Seth MacFarlane's animated series _American Dad!_ She was born in Chicago, Illinois. She is currently married. Her father was actor Richard Schaal. Valerie Harper is her former step-mother.

### Animated television

- _The Fairly OddParents_ – Additional voices
- _American Dad!_ – Francine Smith
- _Powerpuff Girls_ – Woman Walla, Imaginary Rabbit
Scott Grimes

**Scott Christopher Richard Grimes** (born July 9, 1971) is an American actor and songwriter. He played Archie Morris in _ER_, Will McCorkle in _Party of Five_, Donald Malarkey in _Band of Brothers_, and Steve Smith in _American Dad!_. Grimes was born in Lowell, Massachusetts. He married Dawn Bailey-Grimes for ten years.

## Other websites

- INTERVIEW: Robin Hood's Merry Men | Rip It Up Magazine

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Scott Grimes by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Scott Grimes on a panel for _American Dad!_ at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International, Comic Con in San Diego, California.
- **birth place**: Lowell, Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, United States
- **birth name**: Scott Christopher Richard Grimes
- **occupation**: Actor, voice artist, singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 1984–present
- **spouse**: Dawn Bailey-Grimes (1997-2007) (divorced)
- **children**: 2
Rachael MacFarlane

**Rachael Ann MacFarlane** (born March 21, 1976) is an American voice actress best known for her voice roles in _Codename: Kids Next Door_ as supreme leader Numbuh 362, _Nutri Ventures_, _The Powerpuff Girls_ voicing various characters and Blossom in outside of media series, and the FOX television animated series _Family Guy_ and _American Dad!_, both created by her brother Seth MacFarlane. She was born in Kent, Connecticut. She has been married to Spencer Laudiero since 2008. They have two daughters.
Pat Weaver

**Sylvester Laflin "Pat" Weaver, Jr.** (December 21, 1908 – March 15, 2002) was an American radio advertising executive, who became president of NBC between 1953 and 1955. He has been well-known for his commercial broadcasting's format and philosophy as radio gave way to television as America's dominant home entertainment. He was married to Elizabeth Inglis from 1942 until his death in 2002, they had two children; a son Trajan Victor Charles and a daughter Sigourney Weaver.

Weaver was born in Los Angeles, California on December 21, 1908. He was the son of actor/director Sylvester Laflin Weaver, Sr. (1874-1964) and actress Eleanor Isabel Dixon (1879-1966), Sylvester Jr.'s grandfather was Peter Laflin Weaver (1841-1912), a businessman, his great-grandfather was Henry Laflin Weaver (1808-1894), also a businessman, his great-great-grandfather was Charles Laflin Weaver (1708-1816), a manufacturer, Sylvester, Jr. died on March 15, 2002 in his home in Santa Barbara, California from natural causes, he was 93 years old.

## Other websites

- The Museum of Broadcast Communications (formal bio)
- Television Heaven (brief bio)
- Pat Weaver: Television Advertising Visionary (biographical essay)
- "NBC (Radio) Monitor" tribute
- Sylvester Weaver  interviewed by Mike Wallace on _The Mike Wallace Interview_
- _Laflin & Rand Powder Company_
Elizabeth Inglis

**Elizabeth Inglis** (born **Desiree Mary Lucy Hawkins**, 10 July 1913 – 25 August 2007), also known as **Elizabeth Earl**, was an English movie actress, best known for her role in _The Letter_, along with actress Bette Davis. She is also known for her role in Alfred Hitchcock's _The 39 Steps_, she was the last known survivor of the movie before her death in 2007.

Inglis was born in Colchester, England on July 10, 1913. She was married to Sylvester Weaver from 1942 until his death in 2002, they had two children, Trajan Victor Charles Weaver and Sigourney Weaver. Inglis died on August 25, 2007 in Santa Barbara, California from natural causes, she was 94 years old.
Rhinatrematidae

**Rhinatrematidae** is the family of **neotropical tailed caecilians** or **beaked caecilians**. They are found in the equatorial countries of South America.

They are usually said to be the most primitive of the caecilian families.  They have many features other groups do not. For example, they still have a tail, and the mouth is not to the back on the underside of the head. They lay their eggs in small holes in the soil. The larvae have external gills.  They live in seepages until they change into adults. The adults live in moist soil and leaf litter.

## Taxonomy

There are nine species in two genera.

Family **Rhinatrematidae**
- Genus _Epicrionops_ - Beaked Caecilians
    - _Epicrionops bicolor_ - Two-coloured Caecilian (Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Colombia).
    - _Epicrionops columbianus_ - El Tambo Caecilian (Colombia).
    - _Epicrionops lativittatus_ - Eastern Peru Caecilian (Peru).
    - _Epicrionops marmoratus_ - Marbled Caecilian (Ecuador).
    - _Epicrionops niger_ - Black Caecilian (Guyana, Venezuela, and possibly Brazil).
    - _Epicrionops parkeri_ - Parker's Caecilian (Colombia).
    - _Epicrionops peruvianus_ - Marcapata Valley Caecilian (Peru).
    - _Epicrionops petersi_ - Peters' Caecilian (Ecuador, Peru, and possibly Brazil and Colombia).
- Genus _Rhinatrema_
    - _Rhinatrema bivittatum_ - Two-lined Caecilian (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suriname).
    - _Rhinatrema shiv_ - Shiv’s Rhinatrema (Guyana).

## References

- Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Mark Wilkinson (1989). "On the Classification and Phylogeny of Caecilians." Herpetological Monographs, (3), 1-42
- Frost, Darrel R. 2004. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 3.0 (22 August, 2004). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
- AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2004. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Available: http://amphibiaweb.org/. Retrieved 26 August 2004
Emily Jacir

**Emily Jacir** (, born 1970 in Bethlehem) is a Palestinian artist. She uses movies, photography, video and performance art. Her work was first shown in 1994. Since then, it has been shown in exhibitions around the Americas, Europe and the Middle East. It is held in museums in Italy, Palestine, England, San Francisco, and several museums in New York.

Jacir won the Golden Lion for artists under 40 () at the Venice Biennale in October 2007. She also won the Prince Claus Award in 2007. In 2008, the won the annual Hugo Boss Prize.

## More reading

- Memories in exile , Columbia University
- Emily Jacir: Artist Profile at IMEU.net
Jeff Fischer

**Jeff Fischer** (born August 10, 1968) is an American voice actor. He is known for his work in commercials, cartoons, and video games. In 2005 he was chosen to announce the Teen Choice Awards. He is mostly known for his role as Jeff Fischer in _American Dad!_.

## Other websites

- Jeff Fischer at the Internet Movie Database.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jeff Fischer
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **birth name**: Jeffrey Todd Fischer
- **birth place**: St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1998–present
Meles Zenawi

**Meles Zenawi Asres** (8 May 1955 – 20 August 2012) was the Prime Minister of Ethiopia since 1995 till his death on 20 August 2012. He was President of Ethiopia from 1991 to 1995. Since 1985, he was the chairman of the Tigrayan Peoples' Liberation Front, and the head of the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front.

Meles was born in Adwa, Tigray in Northern Ethiopia, to an Ethiopian father from Adwa, Ethiopia, and a mother from Adi Quala, Eritrea. Meles Zenawi was married to Azeb Mesfin and was the father of three children. Meles died on August 20, 2012 in a hospital in Brussels, Belgium after having a brain tumor removed. Zenawi's health was in question for weeks until his death. Meles was admitted to hospital in July 2012. He was 57 years old.

## Other websites

- Biography with child photos
- Biography
- Column archive at _The Guardian_

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birth name**: Legesse Zenawi Asres
- **name**: Meles Zenawi

- **image**: Meles Zenawi - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Zenawi at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, January 2012
- **office**: Prime Minister of Ethiopia
- **president**: Negasso Gidada
Girma Wolde-Giorgis
- **term start**: 23 August 1995
- **term end**: 20 August 2012
- **predecessor**: Tamirat Layne
- **successor**: Hailemariam Desalegn
- **office1**: President of Ethiopia
- **primeminister1**: Tesfaye Dinka
Tamirat Layne
- **term start1**: 28 May 1991
- **term end1**: 22 August 1995
- **predecessor1**: Tesfaye Gebre Kidan
- **successor1**: Hailemariam Desalegn
- **birth place**: Adwa, Ethiopian Empire, Ethiopia
- **death place**: Brussels, Belgium
- **party**: Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
- **otherparty**: Tigrayan People's Liberation Front
- **spouse**: Azeb Mesfin
- **alma mater**: Open University
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Just for Laughs: Gags

***Just for Laughs: Gags***  is a Canadian quiet comedy show. In 2000, the Gags began airing on French and Canadian television Télé-Québec. In the next years, the show was picked up by TVA, CBC and The Comedy Television in Canada.

This series' format is the hidden camera filming the jokes. Music plays in the background, but there is no sound or speech other than some sound effects and laughter. It is mostly filmed in downtown Montreal and rural Quebec although some parts have been filmed in Mexico. British and Asian versions have also been produced in the UK and Singapore respectively.

With its quiet format and no translation required, _Just for Laughs Gags_ has been purchased for use in over 100 countries throughout the world as well as in airports and airlines.