juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Greifswald

**Greifswald** ()  is officially known as _Universitäts- und Hansestadt Greifswald_, which means _University and Hanseatic Town of Greifswald_ (from German _Greif_, "griffin", and _Wald_, "forest"). It is a town in northeastern Germany.

The town is on the Baltic Sea, about  to the north of Berlin in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The population is roughly 55,000, including about 11,500 students and some 5,000 employees of the University of Greifswald.

Till September 4, 2011 Greifswald was a urban district.

## City council

The city council is elected for five year terms. Since the last election in 2014, the 43 city council seats are allocated as follows:

- CDU: 11
- Linke: 8
- SPD: 6
- Greens: 5
- BG: 3
- KfV: 3
- AfD: 2
- FDP: 2
- Pirates: 2
- AL: 1

## Town twinning

- , Kotka, since 1959
- , Goleniów, since 1986, twin town since 2006
- , Osnabrück, since 1988
- , Lund, since 1990
- , Hamar, since 1997
- , Newport News, Virginia, since 2007
- , Szczecin,  city friendship since 1996
- , Angers,  contacts since 1994
- , College Station, contacts since 1995

## Notable people from Greifswald

- Caspar David Friedrich, Romanticist painter
- Hans Fallada, author
- Wolfgang Koeppen, author
- Josef Sommer, actor
- Toni Kroos, Professional footballer currently playing for Bayern Munich

## Other websites

- City of Greifswald (official website)
- university
- Pomeranian State Museum, Greifswald
- theatre

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Greifswald_-_Town_Hall.jpg
- **image caption**: Town Hall (red) and Cathedral
- **wappen**: DEU Greifswald COA.svg
- **image flag**: Hissflagge der Stadt Greifswald.svg
- **bundesland**: Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- **kreis**: Vorpommern-Greifswald Rural District, Vorpommern-Greifswald
- **höhe**: 5
- **fläche**: 50.50
- **einwohner**: 53434
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **plz**: 17489-17493
- **vorwahl**: 03834
- **kfz**: HGW
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 13075039
- **gliederung**: 16 boroughs
- **bürgermeister**: Stefan Fassbinder
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **partei**: Alliance '90/The Greens, Greens
Neubrandenburg

**Neubrandenburg** ( or shortened: _Bramborg_)  (_New Brandenburg_, ) is a city in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is in the southeastern part of the state, at the shore of a lake called the _Tollensesee_.

The city was founded in the year 1248.

Till September 4, 2011 Neubrandenburg was a urban district.

Since March 2015 Silvio Witt is the mayor of Neubrandenburg. He is the succesor of Paul Krüger (CDU).

Neubrandenburg was founded by the knight Herbord von Raven in the year 1248.

## Other websites

- Official site (German, English)

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Tollensesee-02-06-2008-187.jpg
- **image caption**: Neubrandenburg skyline with Tollensesee
- **image coa**: DEU Neubrandenburg COA.svg
- **image plan**: Neubrandenburg in MBS.svg
- **state**: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
- **district**: Mecklenburgische Seenplatte
- **elevation**: 20
- **area**: 85.65
- **population**: 65282
- **stand**: 2010-12-31
- **postal code**: 17033, 17034, 17036, 17050
- **area code**: 0395
- **licence**: NB
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 13 0 71 107
- **divisions**: 10 Stadtteile
- **mayor**: Silvio Witt
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
Stal Mielec

**Stal Mielec**  () is a Polish football club from Mielec. They play in Polish First league. The club was started April 10, 1939. Their home stadium is Stadion Stali Mielec. Their colours are white and blue.

Stal Mielec has won _I liga_ (Polish first league) 2 times (in 1973 and 1976) and played in quarterfinals of UEFA Cup in 1976. They were one of the best teams of Poland in 1970s.

Famous players are Grzegorz Lato, Henryk Kasperczak, Andrzej Szarmach, Jan Domarski, all of them played in 1970s.

## Other websites

- StalMielec.com - Official Website

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Stal Mielec
- **fullname**: FKS Stal Mielec
- **nickname**: _Biało-niebiescy (White-blues)_
- **founded**: April 10, 1939
- **ground**: Stadion Stali Mielec
Solskiego 1 Street,
Mielec, Poland
- **capacity**: 6 864
- **chairman**: Jacek Orłowski
- **manager**: Janusz Białek
- **league**: I liga (Poland), I liga
- **season**: 2015/16
- **position**: II liga (Poland), II liga, 1st (Promoted)
- **leftarm1**: ffffff
- **body1**: ffffff
- **rightarm1**: ffffff
- **shorts1**: 0000FF
- **socks1**: FFFFFF
- **leftarm2**: 0000FF
- **body2**: 0000FF
- **rightarm2**: 0000FF
- **shorts2**: 000050
- **socks2**: 0000FF
- **website**: http://www.stalmielec.com/
Britpop

**Britpop** is a type of alternative rock that started in the United Kingdom. Britpop came out of the British independent music scene of the 1990s and affected, or changed, by British guitar pop music of the 1960s and 1970s. This kind of music began as a reaction against some trends, or styles, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, such as grunge from the United States. After American grunge bands such as Nirvana came to Britain, many British bands acted as opposites to the American bands, and wrote about only British topics and concerns.

Britpop bands did not have one type of sound, but the media called them first a 'scene', or short-lasting trend. Later, the media called them a national importance. Blur, Oasis and Pulp had been called the most important bands. Some bands were able to become popular overseas.But Britpop was mostly gone by the end of the decade.
Red-light district

A **red-light district** is a part of an urban area where sex work is concentrated. Sex work in red-light districts is either legal or illegal, but tolerated. In the world there are many red-light districts, the most famous probably being the red-light district in Amsterdam, De Wallen. In the red-light district, sex workers are often helped and protected, and every month doctors visit them. Condoms are given to the sex worker so they do not catch any sexually transmitted diseases (STD's). In some red-light districts, sex workers pay taxes, as in the red-light district of Amsterdam. In other red light districts, sex workers do not pay taxes, because there they are illegal and often are put on the street with violence. In some parts of Africa there are villages of sex workers where they live and work, because they are not accepted by the people of other villages.

## Related pages

- List of red-light districts
Panic! at the Disco

**Panic! at the Disco** (abbreviated P!ATD) was a pop and rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. They started out as a high school band who covered Blink-182 music, but soon became much more. Their singles, "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" and "High Hopes", were and are huge hits, and they're widely known for them.  Their music ranges widely from punk to folk rock to pop and much more.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Panic! at the Disco
- **image**: Panic! At the Disco (43285362654).jpg
- **caption**: Panic! at the Disco at the Pepsi Center in 2018.
From left to right: Kenneth Harris (guitar), Dan Pawlovich (drums), Brendon Urie (vocalist), and Nicole Row (bass)
- **image size**: 300
- **landscape**: yes
- **alias**: Panic at the Disco (2008–2009)
- **origin**: Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S.
- **discography**: Panic! at the Disco discography
- **spinoffs**: The Young Veins
- **past members**: * Ryan Ross
* Spencer Smith (musician), Spencer Smith
* Brent Wilson
* Brendon Urie
* Jon Walker
* Dallon Weekes
Nine in the Afternoon

"**Nine in the Afternoon**" is the first single from the second album by Panic at the Disco, _Pretty. Odd._ The music video was filmed on December 20 and December 21.  It was the first song written after the band decided to erase several worth of an album they had been planning on releasing in the fall of 2007. Panic at the Disco's first performance of "Nine in the Afternoon" was at Virgin Festival 2007.

## Other websites

- Official band site

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Nine in the Afternoon
- **artist**: Panic! at the Disco
- **album**: Pretty. Odd.
- **b-side**: "Pas de Cheval"
- **released**: January 29, 2008
- **recorded**: 2007
- **genre**: Baroque pop, pop rock
- **length**: 3:13 <small>(album version)</small>
2:32 <small>(radio mix)</small>

3:11 (single version)
- **label**: Fueled by Ramen
Decaydance Records, Decaydance
- **writer**: Panic at the Disco
- **producer**: Rob Mathes
- **prev title**: Build God, Then We'll Talk
- **prev year**: 2007
- **next title**: Mad as Rabbits
- **next year**: 2008
A Fever You Can't Sweat Out

***A Fever You Can't Sweat Out*** is the first album made by the rock band, Panic! at the Disco. It was released on July 18, 2006 by Fueled by Ramen.

The album is split in two, with tracks 1 through 7 being played by electronic instruments such as synthesizers and drum machines and tracks 9 through 13 using traditional instruments such as the accordion and organ. Track 8 (Intermission) acts as a link between the two parts, starting with techno-style dance beats before switching to the piano. On the vinyl record version of the album, side A holds songs 1-8 while side B holds songs 9-13, further showing the split in the album.

The album mostly deals with social problems that the band shows on through various songs. Topics such as sanctity of marriage, adultery, alcoholism, prostitution, and religion are seen throughout the album. Guitarist Ryan Ross also relates two of the songs to living with an alcoholic father. The album has sold more than 1.6 million copies in the U.S. alone.

## Track listing

1. "Introduction" – 0:36
1. "The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage" – 2:54
1. "London Beckoned Songs About Money Written by Machines" – 3:23
1. "Nails for Breakfast, Tacks for Snacks" – 3:23
1. "Camisado" – 3:11
1. "Time to Dance" – 3:22
1. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" – 3:20
1. "Intermission" – 2:35
1. "But It's Better If You Do" – 3:25
1. "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" – 3:06
1. "I Constantly Thank God for Esteban" – 3:30
1. "There's a Good Reason These Tables Are Numbered Honey, You Just Haven't Thought of It Yet" – 3:16
1. "Build God, Then We'll Talk" – 3:40

### Bonus tracks

<ol start="14">
<li>"I Write Sins Not Tragedies (Live in Denver)" (Japanese Bonus track) – 3:46
</ol>

## Credits

- Brendon Urie – vocals, guitar, keyboard, piano, accordion, organ
- Ryan Ross – guitar, lyrics, keyboard, piano, accordion, organ
- Spencer Smith – drums, and percussion
- Brent Wilson - bass (Panic now denies he performed on the album but his name is shown in the credits for the album's Notes and Thank Yous)

Additional instruments
- William Brousserd - trumpet on tracks 9,12
- Heather Stebbins - cello on tracks 8,10,12,13
- Samantha Bynes - violin on tracks 10,12

## Related pages

- Panic at the Disco

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: A Fever You Can't Sweat Out
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Panic! at the Disco
- **recorded**: June–July 2006
- **studio**: SOMD! Studios, College Park, Maryland, and Darn! Studios, Lewisville, Texas
- **genre**: * Pop punk
* emo
* emo pop
*
* electropunk
*
* alternative rock
- **length**: 39:42
- **label**: * DCD2 Records, Decaydance
* Fueled by Ramen
- **producer**: Matt Squire
- **next title**: Pretty. Odd.
- **next year**: 2008
Brendon Urie

**Brendon Boyd Urie** (born April 12, 1987 in St. George, Utah) is the lead singer of the rock band Panic at the Disco. He also plays keyboard, accordion, piano, organ, bass, guitar, cello and drums. He has been married to Sarah Orzechowski since 2013.

## Other websites

- Brendon Urie page on IMDB
- Panic! at the Disco Web Site
- Interview: Brendon Urie of Panic! at the Disco

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **origin**: Las Vegas, Nevada, US


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Brendon Urie
- **image**: Panic at the Disco Im Park 2016 (6 von 11).jpg
- **image size**: 250
- **caption**: Brendon Urie performing in Germany at Rock im Park 2016
- **birth name**: Brendon Boyd Urie
- **birth place**: St. George, Utah, US
- **years active**: 2004–present
Ryan Ross

**George Ryan Ross III** (b. August 30, 1986) is an American guitarist and singer. He was a member of the band Panic! at the Disco. He is from Summerlin, Nevada.

Ross knew fellow Panic! drummer Spencer Smith since he was five. At the age of twelve, the two covered Blink-182 songs in a band called Pet Salamander. Later, he was in the band The Summer League with Smith and ex-Panic! bassist Brent Wilson. After high school, Ross went to the University of Las Vegas. He left after one semester to work in the band. During the times, his parents were having trouble and unhappy. His father was having problems with alcoholism. While seeing this, Ryan wrote two songs on the album about his experiences with his father. His father died in July 2006. Ryan had to deal with the death of his father while in the middle of Panic's summer tour. In July 2009, Ross said that he would be leaving Panic! At The Disco. He said he was leaving because of "creative differences."  He said that he and Jon Walker, who also left, would continue to make music.

Ross and Walker then started a band called The Young Veins, which released one album, _Take a Vacation!_ and went on 'indefinite hiatus' in mid-2011.

Ross lives in Los Angeles.

## Other websites

- Official Panic! at the Disco web site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals, guitar


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ryan Ross
- **image**: Ryan Ross 2008.jpg
- **caption**: Ryan Ross performing with Panic! at the Disco at the Honda Civic Tour in Houston in 2008.
- **birth name**: George Ryan Ross III
- **birth place**: Las Vegas Valley, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
- **years active**: 2004–2010; 2013–present
I Write Sins Not Tragedies

"**I Write Sins Not Tragedies**" is the second single by the rock band Panic at the Disco. It is from their first album _A Fever You Can't Sweat Out_ (2006). It was released on July 18, 2006 on both compact disc and 7 inch vinyl. Ryan Ross wrote the song. The edited version of the song with the lyrics "The poor groom's bride is a whore" and "Haven't you people ever heard of closing the goddamn door?" were changed. "Whore" was replaced with a "shhh" sound and "God" was removed in "goddamn." It was ranked #3 in Billboard's Best 2000's Video poll.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: I Write Sins Not Tragedies
- **artist**: Panic! at the Disco
- **album**: A Fever You Can't Sweat Out
- **recorded**: 2006
- **genre**: Alternative rock, pop punk,
- **length**: 3:06
- **label**: Fueled by Ramen, Decaydance Records, Decaydance
- **writer**: Ryan Ross, Brendon Urie, Spencer Smith
- **producer**: Matt Squire
- **prev title**: But It's Better If You Do
- **prev year**: 2006
- **next title**: I Constantly Thank God for Esteban
- **next year**: 2005
Aesculus glabra

***Aesculus glabra*** or **Ohio buckeye** is a type of tree. It is a medium-sized deciduous tree that grows to be  to  tall. It lives in several states in eastern North America: Pennsylvania, Ohio, Nebraska, Texas, and Georgia. It also grows in the far southwest of Ontario.

The leaves have 5 or 7 leaflets,  to  big. The tree grows yellow flowers in spring. The fruit is a small shell. The shell has 1-3 nuts inside of it. These nuts are called buckeyes. The buckeye got its name when Native Americans thought it looked like the eye of a buck (a male deer). Buckeyes have acid in them, and they cannot be eaten by humans.

The Ohio buckeye is the state tree of Ohio. It is also the nickname of The Ohio State University mascot or any person who went or goes to the school.
Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off

"**Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off**" is the fourth single by the rock band Panic at the Disco, from their album, _A Fever You Can't Sweat Out_. It was released on August 7, 2006 as the fourth single, but is the third advertised single ("The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage" was not commercially released as a single).

## Music video

The music video was filmed on June 19, 2006 in Los Angeles, California. The video was shown on MTV2 on July 14, 2006. It features people with fish tanks on their heads. The video only shows the band in one scene (the paramedics are the band members), because the band felt that their looks were distracting from their music.

The music video starts out with a woman walking on a sidewalk. For some reason, she has a fishtank on her head and all the people around her also have a fishtank. She quickly runs into a puddle and follows it to find a fish flapping around. She places it into her tank and stares at it. Then the woman heads over to a group of people to discover them gathered around a man who's tank broke and he is dying now. The woman has flashbacks to show that the man is her husband. She then attempts suicide by pouring out her own tank and collapsing. The band arrives in two ambulances (labeled Receiving Hospital) and takes them away in bathtubs. The band then carries the two across a beach and throws them into the ocean. There the woman holds the man.

### UK CD/Digital August 2006

1. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off"
1. "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" (Live from Astoria)

### UK Enhanced CD - August 2006

1. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off"
1. "Build God, Then We'll Talk" (Live from Astoria)
1. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Video)
1. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Live Video from Astoria)

### UK 7" Picture Disc - August 2006

1. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off"
1. "The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage" (Live from Astoria)

### WMI CD/Digital - January 2007

1. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Radio Edit)
1. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Album Version)
1. "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" (Live from Astoria)
1. "Build God, Then We'll Talk" (Live from Astoria)
Jon Walker

**Jonathan Jacob Walker** (born September 17, 1985 in Chicago) is an American musician.  He was the bassist for the Las Vegas based rock band Panic! at the Disco, replacing former bass player Brent Wilson. He was replaced by Dallon Weekes after he left the band in July, 2009. Jon Walker was also lead guitarist and occasional lead vocalist of The Young Veins.  As of 2011 he is trying a solo career as a folk-pop artist.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jon Walker
- **image**: Jwalk7kruark.jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Jonathan Jacob Walker
- **origin**: Chicago, Illinois
- **instrument**: bass guitar, piano, vocals, Organ (music), organ, Keyboard instrument, keyboards, Drum kit, drums
- **occupation**: Bassist
- **label**: Fueled by Ramen
Decaydance Records, Decaydance
- **years active**: 2006–present
- **associated acts**: The Young Veins, Panic! at the Disco
Spencer Smith

**Spencer James Smith** (born September 2, 1987 in Summerlin, Nevada) was previously the drummer for the rock band Panic at the Disco. Spencer was one of the original members of the band. He was also the youngest member of the band after the departure of Brent Wilson. He founded the band along with Ryan Ross, who he grew up with. Smith left the band in 2013.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Spencer Smith
- **img**: Spencer Smith 15.08.2009.jpg
- **caption**: Spencer Smith in 2009
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Spencer James Smith
- **origin**: Summerlin, Nevada
- **years active**: 2005-present
- **label**: Fueled by Ramen
Decaydance Records
Live Session EP

***Live Session EP*** is an EP released by the rock band Panic! at the Disco on June 13, 2006. It is available only as a digital download from the iTunes Store. It has a more acoustic feel to the songs.

## Track listing

1. "I Write Sins Not Tragedies" (Live) – 3:06
1. "Lying Is the Most Fun a Girl Can Have Without Taking Her Clothes Off" (Live) – 3:09
1. "But It's Better If You Do" (Live) – 2:50
The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage

"**The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage**", also shortened to "**The Only Difference**" for radio plays and ease, is a song written by Ryan Ross for Panic at the Disco's debut, _A Fever You Can't Sweat Out_. It was released as a radio only single.
Build God, Then We'll Talk

"**Build God, Then We'll Talk**" is the fifth and last official single, written by Ryan Ross, from Panic at the Disco's 2006 album, _A Fever You Can't Sweat Out_, including the radio-only single "The Only Difference Between Martyrdom and Suicide Is Press Coverage".

## Song information

The song is the last song on Panic at the Disco's debut album _A Fever You Can't Sweat Out_.

The bridge melody of "Build God, Then We'll Talk" is a derivative of the melody of the chorus of "My Favorite Things" from _The Sound of Music_. The lyrics in the bridge also directly satirize the lyrics of "My Favorite Things".

The song depicts the story of a virgin who, in desperate need of cash, agrees to sleep with a powerful Lawyer in exchange for a job at the firm. His wife, despite knowing about his late ventures, stays with him for the same reason this girl has been manipulated into sleeping with him; money. However, the Lawyer has tipped off the police, claiming her to be a prostitute, and, just hours after he leaves, the Constable bursts in while she's fixing her hair in a compact. Surprised, she knocks her bag over, spilling the contents, and the officer gives her an option- go to jail or sleep with him. In the album there are extended lyrics confirming this.

## Music video

The video shows the story of a "pornomime" and a girl who falls in love after she watches one of his performances. Their relationship is a fake one. Both "relationships" includes a fake feeling of confidence and are really useless in meaning.
The mime and his girlfriend both walk in on each other having affairs (pretended, of course), again showing the emptiness of their fake relationships. They are not making love to real people — it is a false impression. The video is the first from the band to be web-exclusive, mostly because they felt it was too offensive for television, but it has aired on MTV2 in the UK and is available on Music Choice On-demand.

The band does not appear in this video.
Decaydance Records

**Decaydance Records** is the vanity label of Pete Wentz, Patrick Stump (of Fall Out Boy) and Travis McCoy (of Gym Class Heroes). It is an impression of the Fueled by Ramen record label. It uses the Pete Wentz's trademark 'Batheart' as its logo.

## Other websites

- Official website
RIAA certification

In the United States, the Recording Industry Association of America awards certification based on the number of albums and singles sold through retail and other secondary stores.

## List of certifications

Currently, the normal RIAA certifications for albums are:
- 500,000 units: **Gold album**.
- 1,000,000 units: **Platinum album**.
- 2,000,000 units: **Multi-Platinum album**.
- 10,000,000 units: **Diamond album**.

Special certifications exist for Latin albums (which the RIAA considers to be an album that is mostly sung in Spanish):

If a Latin album is certified on or after December 20, 2013:
- 30,000 units: **Disco de oro** (which means "Gold album").
- 60,000 units: **Disco de platino** (which means "Platinum album").
- 120,000 units: **Disco de multi-platino album** (which means "Multi-Platinum album").
- 600,000 units: **Disco de diamante** (which means "Diamond album").

If a Latin album was certified before December 20, 2013:
- 50,000 units: **Disco de oro**.
- 100,000 units: **Disco de platino**.
- 200,000 units: **Disco de multi-platino**.
- 1,000,000 units: **Disco de diamante**

## Other websites

- RIAA Website
- The RIAA Diamond Awards
- Search RIAA Gold and Platinum Database
- _Billboard Magazine_ - a magazine that publishes weekly music rankings
Sound Tribe Sector Nine

***Sound Tribe Sector Nine*** is a United States band from Atlanta, Georgia. The band's name is commonly abbreviated as just **STS9** or **Sound Tribe**. They are most notably recognized for their live performances consisting of complex light shows.

## Discography

- 1999: _Interplanetary Escape Vehicle_
- 1999: _Sector 9 - The Brown Album_
- 2000: _Offered Schematics Suggesting Peace_
- 2002: _Seasons 01_
- 2003: _Live at Home_
- 2005: _Artifact_ <small>#12 on _Billboard_'s Top Electronic Albums chart</small>
- 2005: _Artifact: Remixes Vol.1_
- 2005: _Artifact: Perspectives_
- 2008: _Peaceblaster_
- 2009: "Ad Explorata"

## Other websites

- STS9.com - Official site
- STS9music.com - Official Music Downloads, Live Shows and Albums
- STS9 @ Myspace.com
- 1320records.com - Official Label
- STS9 review in austin chronicle
- 1320 Records @ Myspace.com
- Tribe Heads Fan Site @ Myspace.com
- Soundtribe.org - Fan Setlist Archive and Band Information
- Sound Tribe Sector 9 collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive
- GrooveTV #201 VideoCD @ Archive.org
- Poster Art Archive @ Expressobeans.com
- http://blogs.westword.com/backbeat/2007/09/qa_david_murphy_of_sound_tribe.php  David Murphy Interview *http://blogs.westword.com/backbeat/2007/09/qa_david_phipps_of_sound_tribe.php  David Phipps Interview *http://blogs.westword.com/backbeat/2007/09/qa_hunter_brown_of_sound_tribe.php  Hunter Brown Interview *http://blogs.westword.com/backbeat/2007/09/qa_jeffree_lerner_of_sound_tri.php  Jeffree Lerner Interview *http://blogs.westword.com/backbeat/2007/09/qa_zach_velmer_of_sound_tribe.php  Zach Velmer Interview

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sound Tribe Sector 9 (STS9)
- **img**: STS9.jpg
- **img capt**: STS9 at Austin City Limits 2007.
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Santa Cruz, California
Snellville, Georgia
- **genre**: Instrumental Rock
Electronic Music
Jam band
- **years active**: 1998–Present
- **label**: 1320 Records
- **website**: http://www.STS9.com/
- **current members**: Hunter Brown (guitarist/ableton live)
 Jeffree Lerner(percussionist)
 Alana Rocklin (bass guitar/bass synths)
 David Murphy (former member bass guitar/bass synths/ableton live)
 David Phipps(Keyboards/Ableton live)
 Zach Velmer (Drums)
- **past members**: Brandon Clippard
Billboard

A **billboard** (or **billing board**) is a large sign displaying advertisements. They are usually placed in places where many people will see them, such as alongside busy roads or in marketplaces. They show large posters, bulletins, and other kinds of visual advertisements.

## Style

Billboards that are along roads are designed to be noticed, since they are seen for only a few seconds. They usually have only a few words on them. Sometimes they have a humorous picture on them. For example, Chick-fil-A billboards have cows trying to get people to eat chicken.

## Kinds of billboards

**Painted billboards** are made usually by hand. They are painted onto large pieces of paper, which are then attached to large panels. The panels are then installed using cranes.

**Digital billboards** use large screens to show the advertisement. Some digital billboards can change their message every so often, so several advertisements show up on the same billboard.

**Painted billboards** these are now quite rare having been replaced by graphically produced billboards. However, in instances where only a single board is required they are still used in some areas.

**Mobile billboards** the purpose of mobile billboards is to go to where their target audience happens to be such as where a large event is taking place. As they are less common the advertisement tends to be more memorable.

**Three-dimensional billboards**. Another modern type of billboard and due to the artistry that they often contain they capture the attention and interest of all who see them.

**Transport Billboards** are located within train, metro and underground stations. There are lots of different sizes and formats, typically located within walkways and tunnels busy with passengers.

## History

Some of the earliest billboards were made in the 1880s. In the early 1900s, many people in the U.S. were buying cars like the Ford Model Ts. During this time, it became popular for businesses to put billboards along highways.

## Related pages

- Neon sign
- Poster
- Street furniture
Stralsund

**Stralsund** is a town in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany on the south coast of the Strelasund (a sound of the Baltic Sea separating the island of Rügen from the mainland).

In 1293 Stralsund became a member of the Hanseatic League.

From 1949 until German Reunification in 1990, Stralsund was part of the German Democratic Republic.

## References

- _Britannica Online Encyclopedia_, "Stralsund" (city), 2007, webpage: EB-Stralsund.

## Other websites

- Satellite picture by Google Maps
- Stralsund

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Town
- **image photo**: Stralsund, Blick von der Marienkirche (2013-07-07-), by Klugschnacker in Wikipedia (7).JPG
- **image caption**: Old town of Stralsund as seen from St. Mary's church
- **imagesize**: 290px
- **image coa**: Wappen_Stralsund.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of Stralsund.svg
- **image plan**: Stralsund_in_VR.svg
- **state**: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
- **district**: Vorpommern-Rügen
- **elevation**: 13
- **area**: 38.97
- **population**: 57670
- **stand**: 2010-12-31
- **postal code**: 18435, 18437, 18439
- **area code**: 03831
- **licence**: HST
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 13 0 73 088
- **website**: [http://www.stralsund.de/ www.stralsund.de]
- **mayor**: Alexander Badrow
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **party**: CDU
- **year**: 1234


## Infobox (world heritage site)

- **whs**: Historic Centres of Stralsund and Wismar
- **image**: Stralsunder Rathaus mit Schaufassade, dahinter die Nikolaikirche-2630.jpg
- **type**: Cultural
- **criteria**: ii, iv
- **id**: 1067
- **region**: List of World Heritage Sites in Europe, Europe and North America
- **year**: 2002
- **session**: 26th
- **link**: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1067
Hyper engine

The **hyper engine** was a possible aircraft engine model that could produce 1 horsepower per cubic inch (46 Kilowatt per Litre) of engine displacement. The term hyper engine was used only in the United States, where the Army Air Corps gave people money to make a hyper engine that had an area of 1,300 cubic inches. This happened in the 1930s. They thought that this would better help with streamlining and to help get a better range. Unfortunately, none of these designs ever made it past the production stage and all of the programs were canceled. The surviving engines became museum pieces.
Autofeather

**Autofeather** is a feature of the engines on turboprop or piston engine aircraft. When the power being made by the engine falls to the point where it is not helping add to the thrust, the propeller will go into a feathered mode to help lower the amount of drag.

An automatic feathering system was first brought out into the open on the Martin 4-0-4 aircraft, which was a piston engine airplane. The system was made to automatically feather an engine that failed during takeoff or the initial climb of the plane to its cruising altitude.
Argus As 014

The **Argus As 014** was a pulse jet engine used on the German V-1 flying bomber of World War II.  This was meant to be a simple model that would have been easy to make a lot of for not very much money.  The engine was made from a sheet of steel that was rolled into a tube.  A shutter was placed at one of the ends of the tube, along with a fuel valve and an igniter (something that lights things on fire).

It was thought that this could become a good power source for some last ditch German fighters during the last few days of World War II.
Inductor

An **inductor** is an electrical device used in electrical circuits because it acts like inertia in the electrical circuit. Just like inertia opposes the change in state of motion, inductor opposes the change in electric current.

An inductor is usually made from a coil of conducting material, like copper wire, that is then wrapped around a core made from either air or a magnetic metal.  If you use a more magnetic material as the core, you can get the magnetic field around the inductor to be pushed in towards the inductor, giving it better inductance.  Small inductors can also be put onto integrated circuits using the same ways that are used to make transistors.  Aluminum is usually used as the conducting material in this case.

## How inductors work

While a capacitor reacts against changes in voltage, an inductor reacts against changes in current. The inductor affects the current like inertia.

In general, the relationship between the time-varying voltage _v_(_t_) across an inductor with inductance _L_ and the time-varying current _i_(_t_) passing through it is described by the differential equation:

## How inductors are used

Inductors are used often in analog circuits. Two or more inductors that have coupled magnetic flux make a transformer. Transformers are used in every power grid around the world.

Inductors are also used in electrical transmission systems, where they are used to lower the amount of voltage an electrical device gives off or lower the fault current.
Because inductors are heavier than other electrical components, people have been using them in electrical equipment less often.

Inductors with an iron core are used for audio equipment, power conditioning, inverter systems, rapid transit and industrial power supplies.

Electrical engineers like to reduce diagrams of electrical circuits, no matter how complicated, to an _equivalent circuit_ consisting of a network of just _four_ different types of component.  These four basic components are _emfs_, _resistors_, _capacitors_, and _inductors_.  An inductor is usually represented by a little solenoid in circuit diagrams. In practice, inductors generally consist of short air-cored solenoids wound from enameled copper wire.

## Related pages

- Magnetic charge
- Transformer
- Coil
- Resistor
- Capacitor
- Magnetic core
- Induction coil
- Induction loop

## Other websites

- How stuff works How inductors work, made very simple.
Cast

- _For acronym usages see CAST._

**Cast** can mean:

- Casting, a process where a material is put into a mold while it is a liquid, and then hardens into a shape
    - Cast iron
- Caste, social division in society
- Casting (performing arts), a pre-production process for choosing a cast of actors and other talent
    - Cast member
- Orthopedic cast, a protective shell to hold a broken bone in place until it has healed
- In archaeology, a cavity that is formed by the decomposition of wood furnishings or human or animal remains, previously covered due to volcanic ash fall

In **popular culture**:
- _Cast_ (comic), a comic series published in the Philippines

In **music**:
- Cast (band), an English rock and roll band from the 1990s
- Cast (Mexican band), a progressive Mexican rock band

**Other**
- Cast, Finistère, a commune of the Finistère _département_, in France
- Cast (earthworm), mineral-rich organic matter that is excreted by earthworms
- Urinary casts, tubules found in urine
- Casting (tails), a process whereby animals can 'drop' their tail, which may or may not regenerate
- Cast (archery), the distance a bow can shoot its arrow

## Related pages

- Casting (disambiguation)
- Type conversion, a programming language method for changing data types
Edward the Black Prince

**Edward, the Black Prince** (Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire, 15 June 1330 – Westminster Palace, 8 June 1376) was the eldest son of King Edward III of England. He was elevated Duke of Cornwall in 1337.

Edward was born at Woodstock Palace, near Oxford. He was made Prince of Wales in 1343 and followed his father into battle against France. He became a famous soldier by helping to win the Battle of Crécy and commanding the Battle of Poitiers. He was a founding member of the Order of the Garter. In 1361, he married his cousin, Joan of Kent. They had two sons, Edward and Richard. The older son, Edward, died when he was only six.

Edward of Woodstock has become known in history as "the Black Prince". The nickname first appeared in print about 165 years after his death. He is thought to have dipped his armour in tar to stop it rusting, and is known to have used a black shield at times. He died at the age of 45 and was buried at the Canterbury Cathedral. As his father was still living, he never became king himself. He asked his father to give the title Prince of Wales to his son Richard, who later became King Richard II of England.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Edward the Black Prince
- **birth date**: 15 June 1330
- **death date**: 8 June 1376 (aged 45)
- **father**: Edward III of England
- **spouse**: Joan of Kent (m. 1361)
- **succession**: Prince of Wales
- **reign**: 15 June 1330 - 8 June 1376
- **coronation**: 12 May 1343
- **cor-type**: Created
- **predecessor**: Edward II of England, Edward of Caernarfon
- **successor**: Richard II of England, Richard of Bordeaux
- **image**: Edward the Black Prince 1430.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait,  1430s
- **issue**: Edward of Angoulême
Richard II of England
Roger Clarendon (ill.)
Charles IV of France

**Charles IV** (18/19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328), was the King of France and Navarre (as Charles I) and Count of Champagne from 1322 to his death. Charles IV the last French king of the old Capetian line. He was crowned King of France in 1322 at the cathedral in Reims.

Charles invaded Aquitaine, thus renewing the war with England. However, the peace of 1327 was the great triumph which gave him a generous land settlement and 50,000 marks.

During his six years as king Charles IV raised taxes. His expulsion of the Jews from France in 1323 was the culmination of centuries of persecution. They had long suffered from discriminatory taxes and other fiscal policies targeted at Jews, being scapegoated for the Black Plague, and multiple prior attempts to expel them from France. France's Jews were given only a little time to sell to their possessions before being escorted out of French lands.

Charles died without a son so there were questions about who would be the next king. He had two daughters, but under Salic law, the basis of law in France, there was no inheritance through the female line.
Edward III of England then believed he had the right to become the new king of France, even though he was through the female line and therefore it was against Salic law. Thus he began the Hundred Years' War.
Philip VI of France

**Philip VI** (1293 – 22 August 1350), called "the Fortunate", was King of France from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Anjou, Maine, and Valois from 1325 to 1328. He was the first king from the House of Valois part of the Capetian dynasty.
UT

UT can mean many things:

- University of Toledo
- Utah postal abbreviation
Financial endowment

A **financial endowment** is money given to something to be saved in an investment. This is done so that the money will make a bigger difference when it is saved up over time.
Lisa Simpson

Lisa Simpson (1945-1999)

**Lisa Marie Simpson** is a character in the animated television series _The Simpsons_. The person who does the voice for the character is Yeardley Smith. Matt Groening, the creator of the series, named her after his sister. She is the oldest daughter and middle child of Homer and Marge Simpson, and the sister of Bart and Maggie. She first appeared in _The Tracey Ullman Show_ Simpson Short, "Good Night".

Lisa is an 8-year-old girl. She is one of the most intelligent characters on the series, with an I.Q. of either 156 or 159. She also plays the saxophone and is a vegetarian.
Despite her cleverness Lisa has typical childhood issues. For example, in the episode "Lost Our Lisa" she gets lost after riding the bus alone.

## Infobox (simpsons character)

- **name**: Lisa Simpson
- **gender**: Female
- **job**: Student at Springfield Elementary School
- **family**: Simpson family, Simpsons
- **father**: Homer Simpson
- **mother**: Marge Simpson
- **brothers**: Bart Simpson
- **sisters**: Maggie Simpson
- **grandfathers**: Abraham Simpson (paternal), Clancy Bouvier (maternal)
- **grandmothers**: Mona Simpson (The Simpsons), Mona Simpson (paternal), Jacqueline Bouvier (The Simpsons), Jacqueline Bouvier (maternal)
- **aunts**: Patty and Selma, Patty and Selma Bouvier
- **appearance**: "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire" (1989)
- **ullmanappearance**: "Good Night" (1987)
- **voiceactor**: Yeardley Smith
Farida Mammadova

**Farida Mammadova** (August 8, 1936 – December 8, 2021) was an Azerbaijani historian who specialised in the history of ancient Caucasian Albania.

## Career

She was the author of papers, articles and books on Azerbaijani ancient and medieval history. She lectured at the Baku State University, Azerbaijan Pedagogical University. She is the head of the Department of Humanities in the Western University in Baku. Farida Mammadova worked at the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. In her research, she was a disciple of the late Azerbaijani historian Ziya Bunyadov.

### Historical revisionism

Her theories were criticized for the misinterpretation of historical sources and revisionism.

According to Thomas de Waal, Mammadova "has grasped the [Caucasian] Albanian theory to supersede completely Armenians from Caucasus. She has placed the Caucasian Albania in the territory of present Republic of Armenia: all the territories, churches and monasteries in Republic Armenia have appeared Albanian". He describes Mammadova's theories as "an improved version of what became a very rough tool in Azerbaijan".

### Anti-Armenianism

During her interviews Mammadova has made anti-Armenian statements:

> And, it is known, that on whole planet exactly the Armenian people is distinguished by the absence of spiritual and other human values.
> [...]
> In the world there are only two nations that have national identity, but have not statehood. They are Jews and Armenians. The difference is that Jews have created their state on their historical homeland, and Armenians have not created their state on their historical native land.

## Publications

- The History of Albanians by Moses Kalankaytuk as a source on the social organization of Caucasian Albania, Baku, 1977.
- Political history and historical geography of Caucasian Albania, Baku, 1986
- Le problem de l'ethnos alban-caucasien, "L'antropoloqie sovietique", Paris, 1990
- Christianity in Caucasian Albania
- Caucasian Albania and the history of Albanians, Baku (in Russian), 2005

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Farida Mammadova
- **caption**: 2018
- **birth place**: Baku, Azerbaijan
- **occupation**: Historian, teacher
German Workers' Party

The **** or **German Workers' Party** (_DAP_) was a political party in Germany just after World War I.   It did not last for very long, and became the National Socialist German Workers' Party or Nazi Party (, acronym _NSDAP_).

## Origins

Eight days before elections in Bavaria, the DAP was founded in Munich in the  _Café Gasteig_ on 5 January 1919 by Anton Drexler and Michael Lotter. The DAP grew out of the 'Free Worker's Committee for a Good Peace' ()  which Drexler had also started.

Most of the DAP's first members were friends of Drexler's from the Munich rail depot. Drexler wanted a party that was nationalist and aimed at ordinary people.  Most other nationalist parties were middle class parties. The first membership was about forty people.

On 24 March 1919, Karl Harrer (a sports journalist and member of the Thule Society) joined the DAP to try to get more control over the DAP for the Thule Society.  There were still not many members, and meetings were often held in local pubs.

## Adolf Hitler joins the DAP

When Adolf Hitler was still a corporal in the German army, he was ordered to spy on the DAP during one of its meetings at the _Sterneckerbräu_ on 12 September 1919.

Hitler was very good at making speeches, so  Anton Drexler asked him to join the party. Hitler thought about this, and then joined near the end of September 1919. There were no membership numbers or cards when Hitler joined the party. In January 1920 the DAP began to give membership cards and numbers.  They started at number 501 to make the party look bigger.  Hitler got number 555, but he was also committee member number 7.  Later Hitler said he  was party member number 7, to make it look like he was a founder member of the DAP.

## From DAP to NSDAP

The small number of party members were quick to believe in Hitler's ideas.

To try to make the party more popular the DAP changed its name on 24 February 1920 to the National Socialist German Workers' Party. The name was borrowed from a different Austrian party active at the time (Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei).  At first Hitler wanted the new name to be the 'Social Revolutionary Party'; but Rudolf Jung persuaded Hitler to use NSDAP.

## Membership

Hitler was the 55th member of the party. Other well-known early members were:

- Karl Harrer
- Anton Drexler
- Gottfried Feder
- Dietrich Eckart
- Alfred Rosenberg
- Hans Frank

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: German Workers' Party
- **name native**: Deutsche Arbeiterpartei
- **logo**:
- **leader**: Anton Drexler
Karl Harrer (1919-1920)
- **foundation**: January 5, 1919
- **dissolution**: February 24, 1920
- **ideology**: German nationalism
Pan-Germanism
Anti-capitalism
Anti-communism
Anti-Semitism
- **position**: Far-right politics, Extreme right
- **headquarters**: Munich, Weimar Republic, Germany
- **predecessor**: _None_ (_de jure_)
Fatherland Party (Germany), German Fatherland Party (_de facto_)
- **successor**: Nazi Party, National Socialist German Workers' Party
Blue Mosque, Istanbul

The **Sultan Ahmed Mosque**, commonly called the **Blue Mosque**, is a mosque in Istanbul, Turkey. It was built between 1609 and 1616, when Ahmed I ruled the Ottoman Empire. Like with many other mosques, the founder of the mosque is buried in it. His architect, Sedefkar Mehmet Agha, decorated it like a jeweler would. There is also a madrasah and a hospice associated with the mosque. Today it is one of the greatest tourist attractions in Istanbul.

## Story

According to legend, Sultan Ahmed I wanted gold minarets on his mosque. The word for gold in Turkish is  _altın_. Apparently this was misunderstood as _altı_, or six. So the mosque has six minarets.
Shah Mosque

**Shah Mosque** (Persian: ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺷﺎﻩ , Masjed-e Shāh) is a mosque in Isfahan (Isfahan), Iran. It is on the south side of Naghsh-i Jahan Square. It has been renamed to **Imam Mosque** after the Islamic Revolution.

Built during the Safavids period, it is an excellent example of the Islamic architecture of Iran. Many people see it as the masterpiece of Persian Architecture. The Imam Mosque of Isfahan is one of the everlasting masterpieces of architecture in Iran and all over the world. It is registered along with the Naghsh-i Jahan Square as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its construction began in 1611. Its splendor is mainly due to the beauty of its seven-color mosaic tiles and calligraphic inscriptions.

## Measurements

The port of the mosque measures 27 meters high. There are two minarets 42 meters tall on top of it.
The Mosque it is surrounded with four iwans and arcades. All the walls are ornamented with seven-color mosaic tile. The most magnificent iwan of the mosque is the one facing the Qibla. It is 33 meters high. Behind it is a space which is roofed with the largest dome in the city at 52 meters height. The dome is double layered.

There are two seminaries at the southwest and southeast sections of the mosque.

## Architects

The architects of the mosque are reported to be the following masters:

- Ustad Ali Akbar Isfahani
- Ustad Fereydun Naini
- Ustad Shoja' Isfahani

The mosque is one of the treasures featured on _Around the World in 80 Treasures_ presented by the architecture historian Dan Cruickshank.

## Related pages

- Sultan Ahmed Mosque

## References

- _Mimaran-i Iran_ by Zohreh Bozorg-nia. 2004.

## Other websites

- Google Maps Satellite view