juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jordyn Woods

**Jordyn Woods** (born 23 September 1997, Los Angeles, California) is an American model, entrepreneur, socialite, singer, and YouTuber. She is known for her role on the reality television show _Life of Kylie_ and for her YouTube videos.

## Modeling career

In 2015, an agent found Jordyn Woods on Instagram and asked if she wanted to be a model. In May 2016, she walked her first runway in a fashion show. Woods also worked as a model for Good American, a Khloé Kardashian clothing brand. In 2017, she walked in New York Fashion Week for the first time. In 2019, she was on the cover of the magazine _Cosmopolitan UK_.
Maddie Ziegler

**Madison Nicole "Maddie" Ziegler** (; born September 30, 2002) is an American dancer, actress and author. She is known for appearing on the Lifetime's reality show _Dance Moms_ from 2011 until 2016.

She is also known for being in many music videos by Sia, beginning with "Chandelier" and "Elastic Heart". She also acted in Sia's film _Music._ Ziegler was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Simon Jenkins

**Sir Simon David Jenkins** FSA FRSL (born 10 June 1943) is a British author, newspaper columnist and editor.

## Education

Jenkins went to Mill Hill School. He graduated from St John's College, Oxford, where he read Philosophy, Politics and Economics.

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Sir
- **name**: Simon Jenkins
- **image**: Simon Jenkins at Policy Fight Club.jpg
- **caption**: Jenkins in 2012
- **birth name**: Simon David Jenkins
- **birth place**: Birmingham, England
- **education**: Mill Hill School
- **alma mater**: St John's College, Oxford
- **occupation**: Journalist, author
- **spouse**:

- **awards**: Knight Bachelor
Exile (2020 movie)

***Exile*** () is a 2020 Kosovan drama movie directed by Visar Morina and starring Mišel Matičević, Sandra Hüller, Rainer Bock, and Thomas Mraz.
Far-left politics

**Far-left politics** are politics that are farther to the left of the left–right political spectrum than the standard political left.

The term has been associated with some forms of anarchism and communism, or it can also be used for groups that support revolutionary anti-capitalism, anti-fascism and anti-imperialism.
A State of Madness

***A State of Madness*** () is a 2020 Dominican Republic drama movie directed by Leticia Tonos and starring Luis José Germán, Jane Santos, Pavel Marcano, Ico Abreu, Rick Montero.
Pomosexuality

**Pomosexuality** describes people whose sexual orientation is not homosexual, heterosexual or bisexual.

Some pomosexuals may be queer or questioning; some may not.
Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy

The **Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy** (_CMa dwarf_) or **Canis Major Overdensity** (_CMa overdensity_) is a disputed dwarf irregular galaxy in the Local Group. It is in the same part of the sky as the constellation Canis Major.

The supposed small galaxy has a relatively high percentage of red giant stars. It is thought to have about one billion stars in all.

The Canis Major Dwarf is an irregular galaxy. It may be the closest neighbouring galaxy to us in the Milky Way. It is about 25,000 light-years away from the Solar System, and 52,000 light-years from the Galactic centre. It has a roughly elliptical shape and is thought to contain as many stars as the Sag DEG, the previous contender for closest galaxy to us.

## Discussion

The dwarf was discovered in 2003.

Several studies cast doubts on the true nature of this overdensity. Investigation of the area in 2009 showed only ten RR Lyrae variable stars. This is consistent with the Milky Way's halo and thick disk populations, rather than a separate dwarf spheroidal galaxy.

## Infobox (galaxy)

- **name**: Canis Major Dwarf
- **epoch**: Epoch (astronomy)#Julian years and J2000, J2000
- **type**: Irr
- **dist ly**: 1 E20 m, 25,000 light-year, ly
- **size v**: 12 degree (angle), degrees × 12 degrees
- **constellation name**: Canis Major
- **notes**: -
- **names**: CMa Dwarf, PGC 5065047
Arctic rabies virus

**Arctic rabies virus** is a strain of _Rabies lyssavirus_ that circulates throughout the arctic regions of Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Russia. There have been no cases in Sweden or in the mainland of Norway in over 100 years. The virus is, however, found on Svalbard. No cases have been reported in Finland since 1989.

Arctic rabies virus belongs to the family _Rhabdoviridae_ and the genus _Lyssavirus_. It is one of four genotypes of rabies. All four types can adapt to different hosts, including fruit- and insect-eating bats and the Arctic fox. The Arctic fox is the Arctic rabies virus's main host.
Perfect (1985 movie)

***Perfect*** is a 1985 American romantic drama movie directed by James Bridges and starring John Travolta, Jamie Lee Curtis, Marilu Henner, Laraine Newman, Jann Wenner, Carly Simon, Chelesa Field, Paul Barresi. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Code Unknown

***Code Unknown*** () is a 2000 French Austrian German Romanian drama movie directed by Michael Haneke and starring Juliette Binoche, Thierry Neuvic, Josef Bierbichler, Hélène Diarra, Ona Lu Yenke, Didier Flamand.
Sylvia (1985 movie)

***Sylvia*** is a 1985 New Zealand biographical movie directed by Michael Firth about Sylvia Ashton-Warner. It stars Nigel Terry, Tom Wilkinson, Eleanor David, Mary Regan.
Control key

The **Control key**  is a key of the computer keyboard. It does not enter any letter, number or symbol on the screen. It is a special key. It is called Control, but we write "CTRL" as short form.
Sky (video game)

***Sky: Children of the Light*** (Chinese: Sky光·遇; pinyin: _Sky Guāng·yù_) (shortened to **Sky** in-game) is an open world social indie adventure game developed and published by Thatgamecompany. It was first released for iOS on July 18, 2019. An Android version was later released on April 7, 2020, and a Nintendo Switch version was released on June 29, 2021. However, a beta was available since earlier, and is currently used by players to give feedback before a season or a change to the main game is implemented.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Sky: Children of the Light
- **developer**: Thatgamecompany
- **publisher**: Thatgamecompany
- **director**: Jenova Chen
- **artist**: Yui Tanabe (Manager)
 Jacky Ke Jiang (Director)
- **writer**: Jennie Kong
- **composer**: Vincent Diamanté
- **released**: **iOS***'Android***'Nintendo Switch**
- **genre**: Adventure video game, Adventure, art game
- **modes**: Multiplayer video game, Multiplayer
Battle of Svolder

The **Battle of Svolder** was the largest naval battle of the Viking age. It was fought on September 9, 999 or 1000.
Sandino (movie)

***Sandino*** is a 1990 Spanish Nicaraguan biographical movie directed by Miguel Littín and starring Kris Kristofferson, Joaquim de Almeida, Dean Stockwell, Ángela Molina, Victoria Abril, Omero Antonutti, Blanca Guerra.
Islamic University, Bangladesh

**Islamic University, Bangladesh** (officially **Islamic University**) is one of the major public research and PhD granting universities in Bangladesh. It is the largest seat of    in the south-west part of the country. It popularly known as **Islamic University, Kushtia** shorly **IU**. It is the only university in Bangladesh where Theology and seven others academic areas: Engineering and Technology, Humanities, Social Sciences, Sciences, Biological Sciences, Business Administration and Law are taught together in a multicultural atmosphere. It is the seventh oldest university in the country and the first university in Bangladesh created after the independence from West Pakistan in 1971. It offers undergraduate, graduate and PhD degrees.

## History

On 1 December 1976 then government announced the establishment of the Islamic University to promote a coordinated approach to Islamic education and general education in the country. Islamic University, Kushtia was founded on 22 November 1979 at Shantidanga-Dulalpur (Kushtia-Jhenidah) by then President of Bangladesh General Ziaur Rahman, based on the recommendation of ‘Islamic University Planning Committee’ on 7 January 1977 headed by M. A. Bari including seven other members.

## Faculties and departments

At present the university offers academic programs through its 34 departments under 8 faculties.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Islamic University, Bangladesh
- **native name lang**: Bengali
- **image**: IULogo-4K.jpg
- **image upright**: 1.0
- **image alt**: Logo of Islamic University
- **caption**: Logo of Islamic University
- **motto**: Enhance quality of higher education and research
- **type**: Public university, coeducational
- **affiliations**: Association of Commonwealth Universities, ACU, UK
International Association of Universities, IAU, France
Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World, ISESCO, OIC
ASEAN University Network, AUN, ASEAN
University Grants Commission (Bangladesh), UGC, Bangladesh
- **chancellor**: President Md. Abdul Hamid
- **vice chancellor**: Nakib Muhammad Nasrullah
- **city**: Kushtia
- **free label**: Academic departments
- **free**: 34
- **students**: 18000+ (Studying undergrad & postgrad)
- **undergrad**: 24933+ (Bachelor degree awarded)
- **postgrad**: 679 (M.Phil. degree awarded), 505 (ongoing); 22581+ (Master degree awarded)
- **doctoral**: 486 (PhD degree awarded), 438 (ongoing) (2017)
- **academic staff**: 412+
- **administrative staff**: 400+
- **country**: Bangladesh
- **campus**: urban area, Urban, 175 acre (1.31523km²)
- **language**: English, Bengali language, Bengali, Arabic language, Arabic
- **colours**: Green and white
- **sports**: Association football, Football, cricket, basketball, volleyball, Sport of athletics, athletics
- **nickname**: ইবি; IU
- **logo size**: 170px
Claude Joseph

**Claude Joseph** (born 4 April 1960) is a Haitian politician. He was the acting President of Haiti from the time Jovenel Moïse was assassinated on 7 July 2021 until 20 July 2021. He was also the acting Prime Minister of Haiti since 2021. His claim to the presidency was also disputed with Joseph Lambert, who was nominated by eight senators of Haiti to succeed Moïse.

On 19 July 2021, Joseph resigned from acting president and prime minister to support his replacement Ariel Henry becoming the next leader.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Claude Joseph
- **image**: File:Claude Joseph, chancelier haïtien en 2020 (cropped 4x3).jpg
- **caption**: Joseph in 2020
- **office**: Acting President of Haiti
- **primeminister**: Himself (acting)
- **term start**: 7 July 2021
- **term end**: 20 July 2021
- **predecessor**: Jovenel Moïse
- **successor**: Ariel Henry (acting)
- **office1**: Acting Prime Minister of Haiti
- **president1**: Jovenel Moïse
Himself (acting)
- **term start1**: 14 April 2021
- **term end1**: 20 July 2021
- **predecessor1**: Joseph Jouthe
- **successor1**: Ariel Henry
- **office2**: Foreign Ministers of Haiti, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Worship
- **primeminister2**: Joseph Jouthe
Himself (acting)
Ariel Henry
- **term start2**: 4 March 2020
- **predecessor2**: Bocchit Edmond
- **birth date**: 4 April 1976 (âge 46)
- **party**: owner of Les Engagés pour le Développement EDE., Les Engagés pour le Développement EDE.
- **education**: * Long Island University (Master of Public Administration, MPA)
* The New School, New School (Doctor of Philosophy, PhD)
WikiWikiWeb

The **WikiWikiWeb** is the first wiki, or user-editable website, like Wikipedia. It was launched on 25 March 1995 by its inventor, programmer Ward Cunningham, to accompany the Portland Pattern Repository website discussing software design patterns. The name _WikiWikiWeb_ originally also applied to the wiki software that operated the website, written in the Perl programming language and later renamed to "WikiBase". The site is frequently referred to by its users as simply "Wiki", and a convention established among users of the early network of wiki sites that followed was that using the word with a capitalized _W_ referred exclusively to the original site.

## History

The software and website were developed in 1994 by Cunningham in order to make the exchange of ideas between programmers easier. The concept was based on the ideas developed in HyperCard stacks that Cunningham built in the late 1980s. On March 25, 1995, he installed the software on his company's (Cunningham & Cunningham) website, c2.com. Cunningham came up with the name WikiWikiWeb because he remembered a Honolulu International Airport counter employee who told him to take the Wiki Wiki Shuttle, a shuttle bus line that runs between the airport's terminals. "Wiki Wiki" is a reduplication of "wiki", a Hawaiian language word for "quick". Cunningham's idea was to make WikiWikiWeb's pages quickly editable by its users, so he initially thought about calling it "QuickWeb", but later changed his mind and dubbed it "WikiWikiWeb".

## Related pages

- Wikipedia
- Wiki

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: WikiWikiWeb
- **logo size**: 50px
- **logocaption**: The WikiWikiWeb logo
- **caption**: The homepage of the WikiWikiWeb in 2003
- **location**: Portland, Oregon
- **type**: Wiki with focus on software design patterns
- **language**: English language, English
- **registration**: Not implemented; users can edit using any name and optionally create a page about themselves under that name
- **owner**: Cunningham & Cunningham, Inc.
- **author**: Ward Cunningham
- **current status**: Active (Read-only indefinitely since February 1, 2015)


## Infobox (software)

- **license**: GNU GPL
- **website**: hide
Whale vocalization

**Whale sounds** (or **vocalization**) are used by whales for communication.  Whales can make different kinds of sounds, including growling and singing. The song of whales is a regular sound made by some whales (for example, baleen whale). Humpback whales make long, complicated songs. Some whales can sing and some cannot.

Scientists are not sure what the songs do.  Whales as young as one month old make some songs.  Among humpback wales, the male adults sing much more than other whales do, so scientists think it might be males competing for mates.

Unlike humans, whales do not pass air through vocal cords to make sounds.  Bubbles do not rise up from a whale as it makes sounds.  Some scientists think whales push air through holes inside their heads, called sinuses.  They push the air across tissue called "phonic lips" or "vocal folds."

Due to their life in the water, whales and other marine mammals are very dependent on acoustic communication.
INN

**INN** may stand for:

## Medicine

- International nonproprietary name, one type of name used in the pharmaceutics branch  (or part) of pharmacology

## News

- Independent News Network
- Independent Network News (disambiguation)
- Institute for Nonprofit News, formerly known as Investigative News Network
- InterNetNews news server
- _Israel National News_, English name for Israeli media network _Arutz Sheva_

## Other

- _ImagiNation Network_
- The IATA airport code for Innsbruck Kranebitten Airport
- Interfaith Nutrition Network

## Related pages

- Inn, an establishment for travelers to lodge, eat, and rest
Phenylpiracetam

**Phenylpiracetam** is an analog of the drug piracetam.

Research on animals has given some indication that phenylpiracetam may have anti-amnesic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and memory enhancement effects.

## Doping in sport

Phenylpiracetam is on the lists of stimulants banned for in-competition use by the World Anti-Doping Agency. This list is applicable in all Olympic sports.

## Related pages

- List of chemicals in doping cases in sport
Languages of the Philippines

The Phiilippines are a group of islands between Malaysia and Taiwan. Many different groups of people live on the Philippines. Between 120 and 187 languages are spoken on the Phiilippines. For over three centuries, the Philippines were a colony of Spain. Amongst others, the Spanish introduced free public schools, which taught in Spanish. For a long time, the United States controlled the Philippines, so English is also commonly understood. In 1935, both English and Spanish were national langues. In the 1970s, when the Phliipppines had become independent, Spanish was dropped as an official language, and standardized version of Tagalog, called Filiipino was added. The 1987 constitution designates Filipino, a standardized version of Tagalog, as the national language and an official language along with English. Fililipino serves as a _lingua franca._ It allows people from different language families to communicate.__ On October 30, 2018, President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law Republic Act 11106, which declares Filipino Sign Language or FSL to be the country's official sign language and as the Philippine government's official language in communicating with the Filipino Deaf.

Filpino is used in everyday life, and when people from different language groups want to communicate. The government operates mostly using English. Including second-language speakers, there are more speakers of Filipino than English in the Philippines. The other regional languages are given official auxiliary status in their respective places according to the constitution but particular languages are not specified. Some of these regional languages are also used in education. The most spoken regional languages in the country aside from Tagalog are Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Bicolano, Waray, Kapampangan, Pangasinense, Maguindanaoan, Maranao, and Tausug.

The indigenous scripts of the Philippines (such as the Kulitan, Tagbanwa and others) are used very little; instead, Philippine languages are today written in the Latin script. Before they became independen in 1946, the Philippines had been a Spanish and a United States colony. Baybayin, though generally not understood, is one of the most well-known of the Philippine indigenous scripts and is used mainly in artistic applications such as on the Philippine banknotes, where the word "Pilipino" is inscribed using the writing system. Additionally, the Arabic-based script (Jawi) is used in the Muslim areas in the southern Philippines.

## Related pages

- Philippinic languages
- Spanish language in the Philippines
Großweil

**Großweil** is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Großweil St. Georg GO-1.jpg
- **image caption**: Saint George Church
- **image coa**: DEU Großweil COA.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Upper Bavaria
- **district**: Garmisch-Partenkirchen
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Ohlstadt
- **mayor**: Manfred Sporer
- **party**: Christian Social Union of Bavaria, CSU / Dorfgemeinschaft
- **area**: 22.04
- **elevation**: 621
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 80 119
- **population**: 1433
- **stand**: 2005-06-30
- **licence**: GAP
- **area code**: 08851
- **postal code**: 82439
- **image plan**: Großweil in GAP.svg
Oberau

**Oberau** is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Pfarrkirche St Ludwig-Oberau-1.jpg
- **image caption**: Church of Saint Ludwig
- **image coa**: DEU Oberau COA.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Upper Bavaria
- **district**: Garmisch-Partenkirchen
- **mayor**: Peter Imminger
- **party**: CSU
- **area**: 17.86
- **elevation**: 659
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 80 126
- **population**: 3108
- **stand**: 2005-06-30
- **licence**: GAP
- **area code**: 08824
- **postal code**: 82496
- **image plan**: Oberau in GAP.svg
Riegsee

**Riegsee** is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Riegsee (Gemeinde) GO-4.jpg
- **image coa**: DEU Riegsee COA.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Upper Bavaria
- **district**: Garmisch-Partenkirchen
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Seehausen am Staffelsee
- **mayor**: Jörg Steinleitner
- **party**: Free Voters, Wählergemeinschaft
- **area**: 20.44
- **elevation**: 668
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 80 128
- **licence**: GAP
- **area code**: 08841
- **postal code**: 82418
- **image plan**: Riegsee in GAP.svg
Saulgrub

**Saulgrub** is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Saulgrub 2008-CC-BY-SA SYNTAXYS-Achim-Lammerts.jpg
- **image caption**: A view of Saulgrub
- **image coa**: DEU Saulgrub COA.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Upper Bavaria
- **district**: Garmisch-Partenkirchen
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Saulgrub
- **mayor**: Rupert Speer
- **party**: Free Voters, Wählergemeinschaft
- **area**: 35.49
- **elevation**: 859
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 80 129
- **population**: 1687
- **stand**: 2005-06-30
- **licence**: GAP
- **area code**: 08845
- **postal code**: 82442
- **image plan**: Saulgrub in GAP.svg
Villingen-Schwenningen

**Villingen-Schwenningen** (; Low Alemannic: _Villinge-Schwenninge_) is a town in Schwarzwald-Baar, a district (_Landkreis_) in Freiburg. It has 85,838 inhabitants (as of September 2019). It is also the capital of Schwarzwald-Baar.

## Geography

Villingen-Schwenningen lies on the eastern edge of the Black Forest about  above sea level.

## Boroughs

- Villingen
- Schwenningen
- Obereschach
- Weilersbach
- Weigheim
- Mühlhausen
- Marbach
- Rietheim
- Pfaffenweiler
- Herzogenweiler
- Tannheim

### Villingen

- 1912–1930: Guido Lehmann
- 1931–1933: Adolf Gremmelspacher
- 1933: Gutmann, temporary
- 1933–1937: Hermann Schneider
- 1937–1940: Karl Berckmüller
- 1940–1945: Hermann Riedel
- 1945–1946: Walter Bräunlich
- 1946: Edwin Hartmann
- 1946–1950: Edwin Nägele
- 1950–1972: Severin Kern

### Schwenningen

- 1797–1816: Erhard Bürk
- 1816–1819: (Vogt)
- 1819–1821: Thomas Wegler
- 1821–1825: ?
- 1825–1835: Matthias Rapp
- 1835–1841: Johann Georg Koch
- 1841–1852: Andreas Bürk
- 1852–1857: Christian Strohm
- 1857–1887: Erhard Müller
- 1887–1912: David Würth
- 1912–1925: Emil Braunagel
- 1925–1930: Ingo Lang von Langen
- 1930–1948: Otto Gönnenwein
- 1949–1962: Hans Kohler
- 1962–1972: Gerhard Gebauer

### Villingen-Schwenningen

- 1972–1994: Gerhard Gebauer (SPD)
- 1994–2002: Manfred Matusza (CDU)
- 2002–2019: Rupert Kubon (SPD)
- since 2019: Jürgen Roth (CDU)

### Number of inhabitants

|style="background:#efefef;"|Date|style="background:#efefef;"|Inhabitants|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign="top"|{| class="prettytable"|||
|31 December 1972|78,436|||
|31 December 1980|78,904|||
|31 December 1990|78,218|||
|31 December 1995|80,734|||
|31 December 2005|81,778|||
|31 December 2015|84,674|||
|31 December 2017|84,818|||
|31 December 2018|85,181|}||

Source: State Statistical Office of Baden-Württemberg

## Main sights

- Town wall
- Municipal Art Gallery
- Franciscan Monastery Museum
- Schwenningen Clock Museum
- Minster of Our Lady
- Theater am Ring
- Wanne Observation Tower, one of the oldest towers built of iron
- Internationales Luftfahrt-Museum, aviation museum

## Twin towns – sister cities

Villingen-Schwenningen is twinned with:

- Pontarlier, France
- La Valette-du-Var, France
- Tula, Russia
- Savona, Italy
- Zittau, Germany
- Friedrichsthal, Germany

## Notable people

- Robert Prosinečki (born 1969), Croatian footballer and coach
- Dennis Seidenberg (born 1981), ice hockey player

## Other websites

- Villingen-Schwenningen: history & pictures
- The siege of Villingen in 1702

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image coa**: Wappen Villingen-Schwenningen.svg
- **image photo**: Villingen luftbild.jpg
- **image caption**: View of Villingen
- **image plan**: Villingen-Schwenningen in VS.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Freiburg
- **district**: Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis
- **elevation**: 704
- **area**: 165.47
- **population**: 80941
- **stand**: 2009-12-31
- **postal code**: 78001–78056
- **area code**: 07721, 07720, 07425, 07705
- **licence**: VS
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 3 26 074
- **divisions**: Stadtbezirk
- **mayor**: Jürgen Roth
- **party**: CDU
Guido Cantelli

**Guido Cantelli** (27 April 1920 – 24 November 1956) was an Italian conductor. Most people thought he was one of the  greatest conductors when he was alive. Arturo Toscanini liked him very much, and thought that he was his successor. When he was still young, he had already conducted some of the greatest orchestras of the world, and in 1956 he became the director of La Scala in Milan. But a tragedy happened, and the young Cantelli died in an airplane crash just a week later.

## Biography

Cantelli was born in Novara in Italy. When he was a student, he studied with important Italian masters of music. In 1940 he started his conducting career, and in 1943 he graduated from the Milan Conservatory. Toscanini saw him conducting at La Scala in Milan, and was very impressed by his performance. In 1945, Cantelli was performing in the most famous concert halls of the world, conducting the greatest orchestras.

The fame of Cantelli grew, and he was considered among the greatest conductors. At the same time he continued his studies, because he wanted to perfect his technique. In 1956 he became the director of La Scala, and was being considered the next music director of the New York Philharmonic.

But a tragedy happened, and only a week after he was named director of La Scala, he died in an airplane crash in Paris, France.

Cantelli left a wife and a 5-month-old child. Toscanini, who was in poor health (and died just some months later) was not informed of the death of his pupil.
Soues, Somme

**Soues** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Soues
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Soues église et cimetière 1.jpg
- **arrondissement**: Amiens
- **canton**: Ailly-sur-Somme
- **insee**: 80738
- **postal code**: 80310
- **mayor**: Annick Lemaire
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Nièvre et Somme
- **elevation m**: 65
- **elevation min m**: 19
- **elevation max m**: 101
- **area km2**: 8.64
Manderlay

***Manderlay*** is a 2005 Danish Swedish Dutch French German British Italian American drama movie directed by Lars von Trier and starring Bryce Dallas Howard, Grace Margaret Mulligan, Isaac de Bankolé, Willem Dafoe, Danny Glover, Michaël Abiteboul, Lauren Bacall, Jean-Marc Barr, Chloë Sevigny, Udo Kier, Virgile Bramly, Ruben Brinkmann, Doña Croll.
Sourdon

**Sourdon** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Sourdon
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Sourdon (Somme) France mairie-école.jpg
- **arrondissement**: Montdidier
- **canton**: Ailly-sur-Noye
- **insee**: 80740
- **postal code**: 80250
- **mayor**: Jacky Szyroki
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Avre Luce Noye
- **elevation m**: 142
- **elevation min m**: 93
- **elevation max m**: 149
- **area km2**: 5.12
Soyécourt

**Soyécourt** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Soyécourt
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Soyecourt.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason famille fr de Soyécourt.svg
- **arrondissement**: Péronne
- **canton**: Ham
- **insee**: 80741
- **postal code**: 80200
- **mayor**: Luc Maille
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Terre de Picardie
- **elevation m**: 92
- **elevation min m**: 65
- **elevation max m**: 87
- **area km2**: 5.16
Surcamps

**Surcamps** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Surcamps
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Surcamps Chaussée Brunehaut (montée) 1.jpg
- **arrondissement**: Amiens
- **canton**: Flixecourt
- **insee**: 80742
- **postal code**: 80620
- **mayor**: Dominique Boullet
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Nièvre et Somme
- **elevation m**: 110
- **elevation min m**: 63
- **elevation max m**: 117
- **area km2**: 2.97
Suzanne, Somme

**Suzanne** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Suzanne
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Suzanne panneau et étang 1.jpg
- **arrondissement**: Péronne
- **canton**: Albert
- **insee**: 80743
- **postal code**: 80340
- **mayor**: Michel Caillet
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Pays du Coquelicot
- **elevation m**: 20
- **elevation min m**: 37
- **elevation max m**: 123
- **area km2**: 8.66
Pontboset

**Pontboset** is a _comune_ in the Aosta Valley region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Pontboset
- **official name**: Comune di Pontboset
Commune de Pontboset
- **image skyline**: Panorama pontboset abcd.JPG
- **image shield**: Pontboset-Stemma.svg
- **frazioni**: Pont-Bozet (chef-lieu), La Place, Frassiney, Savin, Trambésère, Pialemont, Piolly, Vareisaz, Terrisse, Valvieille, Frontière, Écreux, Crest dessous, Crest dessus, Percellette, Folliettaz, Délivret, Fournier, La Bourney, Barmelle, Barmacrepaz, Châteigne
- **area total km2**: 33.56
- **population total**: 174
- **population as of**: 31 December 2020
- **population demonym**: Pontbosards
- **elevation m**: 780
- **saint**: St. Gratus
- **day**: 7 September
- **postal code**: 11020
- **area code**: 0125
- **istat**: 7050
Tailly, Somme

**Tailly** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tailly
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Tailly château 1.jpg
- **arrondissement**: Amiens
- **canton**: Ailly-sur-Somme
- **insee**: 80744
- **postal code**: 80270
- **mayor**: Sylviane Calippe
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Somme Sud-Ouest
- **elevation m**: 47
- **elevation min m**: 32
- **elevation max m**: 87
- **area km2**: 4.05
Schwaigen

**Schwaigen** is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.

## Districts

Schwaigen has six districts:

- Apfelbichel
- Fuchsloch
- Grafenaschau
- Hinterbraunau
- Plaicken
- Vorderbraunau

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Apfelbichel-bjs110704-02.jpg
- **image caption**: Apfelbichel
- **image coa**: DEU Schwaigen COA.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Upper Bavaria
- **district**: Garmisch-Partenkirchen
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Ohlstadt
- **divisions**: 6 districts
- **mayor**: Hubert Mangold
- **party**: Gemeinsam für unsere Gemeinde
- **area**: 23.58
- **elevation**: 656
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 80 131
- **population**: 625
- **stand**: 2005-06-30
- **licence**: GAP
- **area code**: 08841
- **postal code**: 82445
- **image plan**: Schwaigen in GAP.svg
Gunther's Brazilian tree frog

**Gunther's Brazilian tree frog** (_Boana guentheri_) is a frog that lives in Brazil.
Christmas Kisses (EP)

***Christmas Kisses*** is the debut Christmas and extended play (EP) by American singer Ariana Grande. It was released on December 13, 2013 in most countries, and on December 17, 2013 in the United States, as a collection of two covers of classic Christmas songs, and two original songs.

### Last Christmas

|Chart (2013–19)|Peak position|
| --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center;"|59|
|style="text-align:center;"|5|
|style="text-align:center;"|92|
|style="text-align:center;"|32|
|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|style="text-align:center;"|22|

### Love Is Everything

|scope="col"|Chart (2013)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center;"|89|||
|style="text-align:center;"|132|||
|style="text-align:center;"|15|||
|style="text-align:center;"|2|||

### Snow in California

|scope="col"|Chart (2013)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center;"|93|||
|style="text-align:center;"|151|||
|style="text-align:center;"|33|||
|style="text-align:center;"|4|||

### Santa Baby

|scope="col"|Chart (2013–2019)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center;"|77|||
|90||||
|style="text-align:center;"|16|||
|36||||
|5||||

## Personnel and credits

Credits adapted from Discogs (standard edition).

- Ariana Grande: vocals
- Liz Gillies: vocals
- India Benet: background vocals
- Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds: producer, composer, lyricist, guitar
- Antonio Dixon: producer, composer, lyricist, programming
- The Rascals: producers, programming
- Khristopher Riddick-Tynes: composer, lyricist
- Leon Thomas III: composer, lyricist
- George Michael: composer, lyricist
- Joan Javits: composer, lyricist

- Philip Springer: composer, lyricist
- Tony Springer: composer, lyricist
- Ivy Skoff: strings
- Demonte Posey: strings
- Paul Boutin: recording, mixing
- Tony Maserati: mixing
- James Krausse: engineer
- Jon Castelli: engineer
- Justin Hergett: engineer

## Release history

|scope="col"|Region|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Edition|scope="col"|Format|scope="col"|Label|scope="col"|Ref.|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|December 13, 2013|rowspan="2"|Standard|rowspan="2"|Digital download|Universal Music|||||||
|December 17, 2013|Republic|||||||||||
|December 3, 2014|rowspan="2"|Special|CD|rowspan="2"|Universal Music|||||||
|December 5, 2014|Digital download|||||||||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Christmas Kisses
- **type**: EP
- **artist**: Ariana Grande
- **border**: yes
- **recorded**: 2013
- **studio**: Brandon's Way Recording Studios (Los Angeles, California)
- **length**: 13:15
16:29
- **label**: Republic Records, Republic
- **prev title**: Yours Truly (Ariana Grande album), Yours Truly
- **prev year**: 2013
- **next title**: My Everything (Ariana Grande album), My Everything
- **next year**: 2014
Seehausen am Staffelsee

**Seehausen am Staffelsee** is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany. It is on the eastern shore of the Staffelsee lake.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Rathaus Seehausen Staffelsee.JPG
- **image caption**: The town hall in Seehausen am Staffelsee
- **image coa**: DEU Seehausen COA.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Upper Bavaria
- **district**: Garmisch-Partenkirchen
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Seehausen am Staffelsee
- **mayor**: Markus Hörmann
- **party**: CSU
- **area**: 15.71
- **elevation**: 655
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 80 132
- **population**: 2338
- **stand**: 2005-06-30
- **licence**: GAP
- **area code**: 08841
- **postal code**: 82418
- **image plan**: Seehausen am Staffelsee in GAP.svg
Adelshofen, Middle Franconia

**Adelshofen** is a municipality in Ansbach, a district _(Landkreis)_ in Middle Franconia.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Adelshofen
- **image photo**: Adelshofen (LK Ansbach).jpg
- **image caption**: Adelshofen
- **image coa**: DEU Adelshofen (Mittelfranken) COA.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Middle Franconia
- **district**: Ansbach
- **verwaltungsgemeinschaft**: Rothenburg ob der Tauber
- **divisions**: 10 Ortsteile
- **mayor**: Johannes Schneider
- **area**: 27.18
- **elevation**: 429
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 5 71 111
- **licence**: AN, DKB, FEU, ROT
- **area code**: 09865
- **postal code**: 91587
- **website**: [http://www.adelshofen.de/ Gemeinde Adelshofen]
- **image plan**: Adelshofen in AN.svg
Saysomphone Phomvihane

**Saysomphone Phomvihane** (; born 12 December 1954 in Houaphanh Province) is a Laotian politician and member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). In 2021, he became the President of the National Assembly.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Saysomphone Phomvihane
- **native name**: ໄຊສົມພອນ ພົມວິຫານ
- **native name lang**: lo
- **order**: President of the National Assembly of Laos, President of the National Assembly of Laos, National Assembly
- **term start**: 22 March 2021
- **predecessor**: Pany Yathotou
- **office1**: Chairman of the Central Committee of the Lao Front for National Construction
- **term start1**: 2016
- **term end1**: 15 March 2021
- **predecessor1**: Phandoungchit Vongsa
- **successor1**: Sinlavong Khoutphaitoun
- **order2**: Ministry of Finance (Laos), Minister of Finance
- **primeminister2**: Khamtai Siphandon
- **term start2**: 1995
- **term end2**: 24 February 1998
- **predecessor2**: Khamsay Souphanouvong
- **successor2**: Khamphoui Keoboualapha
- **birth place**: Houaphanh Province, Laos
- **relatives**: Kaysone Phomvihane, Kaysone (father)
Thongvin Phomvihane, Thongvin (mother)
Santiphab Phomvihane, Santiphab (brother)
Sanyahak Phomvihane, Sanyahak (brother)
Thongsavanh Phomvihane, Thongsavanh (brother)
- **occupation**: Politician
- **party**: Lao People's Revolutionary Party
- **nationality**: Lao people, Laotian
Bounthong Chitmany

**Bounthong Chitmany** (; born 3 July 1949) is a Laotian politician and member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). He was born in 1951 and is a former Governor of Oudomxay Province. In 2021, he became the Vice President of Laos.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bounthong Chitmany
- **office**: Vice President of Laos
- **convocation**: 9th Government of Laos, 9th term
- **president**: Thongloun Sisoulith
- **alongside**: Pany Yathotou.
- **predecessor**: Phankham Viphavanh
- **term start**: 22 March 2021
- **office1**: Standing Member of the Secretariat of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, LPRP Secretariat
- **convocation1**: 11th Secretariat of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, 11th term
- **1blankname1**: General Secretary
- **1namedata1**: Thongloun Sisoulith
- **term start1**: 15 January 2021
- **predecessor1**: Phankham Viphavanh
- **office2**: Chairman of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, LPRP Central Committee Inspection Commission of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Inspection Commission
- **convocation2**: 10th Inspection Commission of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, 10th term
- **term start2**: 22 January 2016
- **term end2**: 15 January 2021
- **1blankname2**: General Secretary
- **1namedata2**: Bounnhang Vorachit
- **successor2**: Khamphanh Phommathat
- **convocation3**: 9th Inspection Commission of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, 9th term
- **term start3**: 21 March 2011
- **term end3**: 22 January 2016
- **1blankname3**: General Secretary
- **1namedata3**: Choummaly Sayasone
- **predecessor3**: Asang Laoly
- **office4**: Head of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, LPRP Central Committee Organisation Commission of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Organisation Commission
- **convocation4**: 8th Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, 8th term
- **1blankname4**: General Secretary
- **1namedata4**: Choummaly Sayasone
- **term start4**: 2006
- **term end4**: 2010
- **successor4**: Chansy Phosikham
- **convocation5**: 7th Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, 7th term
- **1blankname5**: Chairman
- **1namedata5**: Khamtai Siphandon
- **term start5**: 2002
- **term end5**: 2006
- **predecessor5**: Thongsing Thammavong
- **birth place**: French Protectorate of Laos, Laos
- **party**: Lao People's Revolutionary Party, People's Revolutionary Party
Onsen

An **onsen** (温泉) is a bathing place near a hot spring.  Onsen are in Japan. Going to an onsen costs about ¥1000 (US$9), which is about twice as much as going to a sentō bathhouse.

## Water

To count as a real onsen, the water must be at least 25° and have the right amounts of minerals, or dissolved rocks, in it.  For example, the water must have iron, calcium and sulfur.  Some onsen smell like rotten eggs because of hydrogen sulfide.

## Hotels

Many onsen have a hotel nearby.  This kind of hotel is called a ryokan.  Not all ryokan have onsen.  Some ryokan are 1200 years old.

## History

There have been onsen in Japan for all of history.  People have been using the Dogo Onsen on Shikoku for as long as 3000 years.

## Manners

Bathers at an onsen are there to relax, not to get clean.  To keep the water from getting dirty, people at an onsen must shower before getting into the water. In very cold weather, it is sometimes all right to get into the onsen just for a short while to warm up, then go shower, then come back. Some onsen allow bathing suits, but most of the time, visitors must wear no clothes at all.  This is to keep any clothes that might be dirty out of the water, and keep the water clean.  When walking to the onsen, people cover their private parts with a small towel and then put the towel on their heads after they get into the water.  People are not supposed to put their heads or hair in the water, and they are not supposed to have tattoos.  This is because, in Japan, people think of the Yakuza criminals when they see tattoos.

## Related pages

- Sentō
- Sauna
- Jjimjilbang
- Banya
Bouasone Bouphavanh

**Bouasone Bouphavanh** (Lao: ບົວສອນ ບູບຜາວັນ; born 3 June 1954) is a Laotian politician who was Prime Minister of Laos from 2006 to 2010. He was officially appointed to the office by the National Assembly of Laos on 8 June 2006.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bouasone Bouphavanh
- **native name lang**: lo
- **image**: Bouasone.jpg
- **office**: 15th Prime Minister of Laos
- **president**: Choummaly Sayasone
- **term start**: 8 June 2006
- **term end**: 23 December 2010
- **predecessor**: Bounnhang Vorachith
- **successor**: Thongsing Thammavong
- **birth place**: Salavan Province, Ban Tao Poun, Kingdom of Laos, Laos
- **party**: Lao People's Revolutionary Party
- **spouse**: Soumly Bouphavanh
Assassination of Jovenel Moïse

Jovenel Moïse, the president of Haiti, was shot dead by a group of unidentified armed-men. It happened in Port-au-Prince at his private home on 7 July 2021 at 1:00 am EDT. His wife, First Lady Martine, survived but was wounded and hospitalized.

Interim Prime Minister Claude Joseph stated after the assassination that he was in control of the country. However, Moïse's death worsened instability in Haiti.

## Shooting and death

Moïse was killed by unknown gunmen who attacked his residence in Pèlerin 5, a district of Pétion-Ville, a suburb of Port-au-Prince. Martine, the First Lady of Haiti, survived but was hospitalized.

According to a BBC article:> The president was shot 12 times and had bullet wounds to his forehead and several to his torso. His left eye had been gouged out and bones in his arm and in his ankle had been broken, according to one of the judges conducting the investigation.Neighbors of Moïse say they heard heavy machine gun fire shortly after the attack. Video taken by residents living near the site of the attack includes the voice of one man with an American accent, speaking in English, who claimed over a megaphone during the attack to be a member of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.

## Suspects

It is unknown who organized the assassination and why. Haitian police blamed the attack on a group of mercenaries: 26 Colombians and two Haitian-Americans.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **image**: Kelly Craft poses a photo with Haitian President Moise (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Jovenel Moïse in 2019
- **location**: Pèlerin 5, Pétion-Ville, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
- **target**: Jovenel Moïse
- **date**: 7 July 2021
- **time**: 1:00 am
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EDT
- **type**: Assassination by shooting
- **weapons**: AK 47-type assault rifles, grenades, unmanned combat aerial vehicle, drones
- **fatalities**: Jovenel Moïse
- **injuries**: Martine Moïse
- **perps**: A group of armed men
Martine Moïse

**Martine Marie Étienne Moïse** (born 5 June 1974) is the former First Lady of Haiti and was the wife of President Jovenel Moïse. She was the country's first lady from February 2017 until the assassination of her husband on July 7, 2021.

Martine Moïse was wounded in the same attack at their home in Pétion-Ville on 7 July 2021.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Martine Moïse
- **image**: Martine Moïse.jpg
- **caption**: Moïse in December 2018
- **office**: First Lady of Haiti
- **term label**: In role
- **term start**: February 7, 2017
- **term end**: July 7, 2021
- **successor**: Annie Claude Massiau (acting)
- **president**: Jovenel Moïse
- **birth name**: Martine Marie Étienne Joseph
- **birth place**: Port-au-Prince, Haiti
- **party**: Haitian Tèt Kale Party, Tèt Kale
- **alma mater**: Quisqueya University
- **residence**: Pétion-Ville
- **children**: Joverlein Moïse
Jomarlie Moïse
Jovenel Moïse Jr.
Mary Simon

**Mary Jeannie May Simon**  (; born August 21, 1947) is a Canadian former broadcaster, civil servant and diplomat. She is the governor general of Canada since 2021.

Simon was born in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Quebec and briefly worked as a producer and announcer for CBC North in the 1970s.

Simon served as Canada's first ambassador for Circumpolar Affairs from 1994 to 2004, and was a lead negotiator for the creation of the Arctic Council. She then was the Canadian ambassador to Denmark from 1999 to 2002.

On July 6, 2021, the federal government announced that Simon was selected to replace Julie Payette as the 30th governor general of Canada. She became governor-general on July 26, 2021.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, Her Excellency The Right Honourable
- **name**: Mary Simon
- **image**: Mary Simon, Governor General of Canada.jpg
- **caption**: Simon in 2022
- **order**: 30th
- **office**: Governor General of Canada
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
Charles III
- **primeminister**: Justin Trudeau
Mark Carney
- **term start**: July 26, 2021
- **predecessor**: Julie Payette
- **office2**: #External Links, Additional offices held
- **birth name**: Mary Jeannie May
- **birth place**: Kangiqsualujjuaq, Quebec, Canada
- **spouse**:
George Simon

- **children**: 3
- **relatives**: Johnny May (brother)
- **education**: Kuujjuaq Federal Day School
Fort Carson High School
- **signature**: Mary May Simon Signature.png
Kaduna

**Kaduna** is the state capital of Kaduna State in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River. It is the capital of the former Northern Region of Nigeria. The first premier of Northern Nigeria, Alhaji Ahmadu Bello, conducted government business from Kaduna.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **image skyline**: File:Vanquet Hall.jpg
- **pushpin map**: Nigeria
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Nigeria
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**:  Nigeria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Nigeria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Kaduna State
- **leader title**: List of Governors of Kaduna State, Governor
- **leader name**: Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai
- **area total km2**: 431
- **population total**: 760,084
- **population as of**: 2006 census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population rank**: List of Nigerian cities by population, 8th
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank1**: Gbagyi, Adara people, Adara, Hausa people, Hausa, Atyap people, Atyap-Bajju people, Bajju, Ham people, Ham, Yoruba people, Yoruba, Fulani, Kanuri people, Kanuri, Marghi, Nupe people, Nupe, and Igbo people, Igbo,
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **elevation m**: 250
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +1
- **blank name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank info**: Tropical savanna climate, Aw