juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lindsey Graham 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Lindsey Graham,** the senior United States Senator from South Carolina, and former member of the House of Representatives, was announced on June 1, 2015.  Graham sought the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election; a close personal friend of Senator John McCain of Arizona, Graham was a top staffer during McCain's 2008 campaign.

After low polling numbers, Graham withdrew from the race on December 21, 2015.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **committee**: Lindsey Graham
 for President
- **logo**:

- **campaign**: Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016, Republican Presidential Primary, 2016
U.S. presidential election, 2016, U.S. Presidential Election, 2016
- **candidate**: Lindsey Graham
 <small>U.S. Senator from South Carolina (2003–present)
 United States House of Representatives, Congressman (1995–2003)</small>
- **status**: Announced: June 1, 2015,
Suspended: December 21, 2015
- **cand id**: P60007697
- **fec date**: 2015-06-30
- **affiliation**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **headquarters**: P.O. Box 2732
Columbia, South Carolina
- **receipts**: 3,709,552
- **slogan**: " Ready To Be Commander-in-Chief On Day One "
- **homepage**: [http://www.LindseyGraham.com/ www.LindseyGraham.com]
George Pataki 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of George Pataki**, the 53rd Governor of New York, was formally launched on May 28, 2015.  After having considered a candidacy in previous cycles, his campaign for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election is his first bid for the presidency.

On December 29, 2015, Pataki announced that he would be ending his Presidential campaign.

## Background

In an August 2014 interview with Newsmax TV, Pataki once again expressed interest in a possible presidential bid, this time for the 2016 Republican nomination. In January 2015, he revealed to ABC News that he had launched a political action committee (PAC) for the purpose of exploring, and making preparations for, a possible presidential candidacy.

On May 14, 2015, Pataki stated on MSNBC's _Morning Joe_ that he would announce his decision regarding his potential candidacy on May 28 at an event in New Hampshire. He later confirmed to the _New York Post_ that he intended to announce his candidacy for the 2016 Republican presidential nominination at the aforementioned event.

## Campaign

Pataki officially launched his presidential campaign on May 28, 2015. He initially confirmed his candidacy via a video message which appeared on his website, before making a formal announcement before a gathering of supporters and members of the media in Exeter, New Hampshire.

## Polling

As of late July 2015, Pataki has been polling at less than 1 % of the Republican primary voters.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **committee**: Pataki for President
- **logo**: Pataki for President Campaign Logo.png
- **campaign**: Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016, Republican primaries
 United States presidential election, 2016
- **candidate**: George Pataki
 <small>Governor of New York (1995-2006)</small>
- **cand id**: P60007572
- **fec date**: 2015-06-30
- **affiliation**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **headquarters**: 132 E. 43rd St. #614
 New York, New York
- **key people**: Vincent Balascio, campaign manager
- **receipts**: 255,794
- **slogan**: People over politics
- **homepage**: http://www.georgepataki.com/
Rand Paul 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Rand Paul**, the junior United States Senator from Kentucky, was announced on April 7, 2015 at an event at the Galt House in Louisville, Kentucky.

## Background

Paul was first elected to the U.S. Senate in the 2010, Paul's candidacy for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2016 has been widely speculated of since early 2013.

Prior to serving in public office, Paul was an ophthalmologist in Bowling Green, Kentucky, and founded the watchdog group Kentucky Taxpayers United, which sought to keep state legislators accountable on tax issues. Leading up to his formal announcement, Paul delivered several high profile speeches, which included filibustering the nomination of CIA Director John Brennan, speeches at Berkeley and Howard University, and meeting with community leaders in Ferguson, Missouri and Detroit, Michigan, in what has been described as an attempt to broaden the Republican Party's appeal with non-traditional constituencies.

Near the end of 2014, Paul made moves towards a presidential run, including hiring staff in several states, setting up offices, and hiring a campaign manager. In January 2015, Rand Paul gained the support of Texas Republican Party Chairman Steve Munisteri.

## Out

After poor polling numbers and failing to reach 3rd place in the Iowa caucuses, Paul dropped out of the race on February 3, 2016.

## Other websites

- Rand Paul for President official website

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **committee**: Rand Paul for President
- **logo**: Rand Paul Presidential Campaign logo.svg
- **campaign**: United States presidential election, 2016, U.S. presidential election, 2016
- **candidate**: Rand Paul
<small>U.S. Senator from Kentucky
(2011–present)</small>
- **status**: Announced April 7, 2015
Suspended February 3, 2016
- **cand id**: P40003576
- **fec date**: 2015-06-30
- **affiliation**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **headquarters**: P.O.Box 77681
Washington, D.C.
- **key people**: Chip Englander <small>(Manager)</small>
Bryan Reed <small>(Deputy Manager)</small>
Doug Stafford; Doug Wead<small>(Senior Advisors)</small>
Mark Spitznagel <small>(Economic Advisor)</small>
Sergio Gor <small>(Communications)</small>
Eleanor May <small>(Media)</small>
Vincent Harris <small>(Digital)</small>
- **receipts**: 6,932,779
- **chant**: Stand with Rand
- **slogan**: Defeat the Washington machine. Unleash the American dream.
- **homepage**: [http://www.randpaul.com/ www.randpaul.com]
Gabi Calleja

**Gabi Calleja** is a gay rights activist in Malta. In 2012, she received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. State Department.

## Life

Calleja studied Youth and Community Studies in a master's degree program at the University of Malta.

## Work

In 2010, Calleja became head of the Malta Gay Rights Movement. In 2014, she became co-chair of the executive board of ILGA Europe, a lesbian and gay group that works for human rights. In 2014 she worked for changes in Danish law.

Calleja also works with teaching, drug education, community development, and fundraising. In 2005, she helped write the “School Attendance Improvement” Report.

## Other websites

- 2012 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gabi Calleja
- **image**: Gabi Calleja - Week of Women - 2016 - (30908756332) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Calleja in 2016
- **birth place**: Malta
- **nationality**: Maltese people, Maltese
- **known for**: LGBTIQ rights
Rick Perry 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Rick Perry,** the 47th Governor of Texas, was officially launched on June 4, 2015.  This campaign constitutes Perry's second consecutive bid for the Republican nomination for President of the United States. Perry announced on September 11, 2015 that he had suspended his campaign.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **committee**: Rick Perry for President 2016
- **campaign**: Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016, Republican primaries
U.S. presidential election, 2016
- **candidate**: Rick Perry
 <small>Governor of Texas (2000–2015)</small>
 <small>Lieutenant Governor of Texas (1999–2000)</small>
- **cand id**: P20003281
- **fec date**: 2015-06-30
- **affiliation**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **headquarters**: P.O. Box 162406
Dallas, Texas, Houston, Texas
- **status**: Announced: June 4, 2015
 Withdrew: September 11, 2015
- **receipts**: 1,139,366
- **homepage**: [http://www.rickperry.org/ www.rickperry.org]
Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Marco Rubio**, the junior United States Senator from Florida, and former Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives, was formally announced on April 13, 2015, at an event at the Freedom Tower in Downtown Miami.

## Background

Having been considered a potential candidate for Vice President by Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney in 2012, Rubio has been seen as a candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2016 since at least the end of the 2012 election. He suspended his campaign on March 15, 2016.

## Announcement

On March 30, 2015 Rubio announced on Fox News and through social media that he would be making a "Big Announcement" on April 13 in Miami, Florida. While he did not specify whether the announcement pertained to his reelection as a United States Senator or for the Presidency, most media consensus was that Rubio would be announcing his presidential run. He made the announcement at the Freedom Tower in Downtown Miami.

## Fundraising

Rubio raised about $1.25 million online the day after his announcement. By the three-month mark of his campaign - July 13 - Rubio had raised over $12 million.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **committee**: Marco Rubio for President
- **logo**: Marcorubio.svg
- **campaign**: U.S. presidential election, 2016
- **candidate**: Marco Rubio
<small>United States Senate, U.S. Senator (2011–present)
Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives (2007–2009)</small>
- **cand id**: P60006723
- **fec date**: 2015-06-30
- **status**: Announced on April 13, 2015
Suspended on March 15, 2016
- **affiliation**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **headquarters**: P.O. Box 558701
Miami, Florida
- **key people**: Terry Sullivan (Campaign Manager)
- **receipts**: 9,794,814
- **slogan**: A New American Century
- **homepage**: [https://marcorubio.com/ www.marcorubio.com]
Rick Santorum 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Rick Santorum,** former United States Senator from Pennsylvania, was formally announced at a rally in Pittsburgh on May 27, 2015.

## Background

His campaign for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2016 is his second bid for the office, after having been a candidate in 2012, where he received the second most delegates after 2012 nominee Mitt Romney.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **committee**: Rick Santorum
- **logo**: Rick Santorum presidential campaign, 2016.png
- **campaign**: Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016, Republican primaries
U.S. presidential election, 2016
- **candidate**: Rick Santorum
 <small>U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania
 (1995–2007)</small>
- **status**: Announced: May 27, 2015
- **cand id**: P20002721
- **fec date**: 2015-06-30
- **affiliation**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **headquarters**: P.O. Box 238
Verona, Pennsylvania
- **receipts**: 662,224
- **slogan**: Restore the American Dream for hardworking families
- **homepage**: [http://RickSantorum.com/ www.RickSantorum.com]
Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump** was a successful presidential campaign of Donald Trump. He announced and launched his campaign on June 16, 2015, at Trump Tower in New York City.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **committee**: Donald J. Trump
 for President 2016
- **campaign**: 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016 Republican primaries
2016 United States presidential election, 2016 U.S. presidential election
- **candidate**: **Donald Trump**
Chairman of The Trump Organization
_(1971–2017)_
**Mike Pence**
50th Governor of Indiana
_(2013–2017)_
- **cand id**: P80001571
- **fec date**: December 31, 2016
- **affiliation**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **headquarters**: Trump Tower,
Manhattan, New York (state), New York
- **key people**: Steve Bannon (Chief executive)
Kellyanne Conway (Campaign manager)
David Bossie (Deputy campaign manager)
Michael Glassner (campaign manager)
Jason Miller (communications strategist), Jason Miller (Communications director)
Katrina Pierson (National spokesperson)
Hope Hicks (Press secretary)
Dan Scavino (Director of social media)
Ben Carson (VP Selection Committee Leader)
Jeff Sessions (Chairman of National Security Committee)
Michael Flynn (Military Advisor)
Omarosa Manigault (Director of African American Outreach)
Tony Fabrizio (Pollster)
Rudy Giuliani (Senior Advisor)
David Urban (Senior Advisor)
Chris Christie (White House Transition Chairman)
Bill Palatucci (White House Transition Coordinator)
Michael D. Cohen (lawyer), Michael Cohen (Special Counsel)
Arthur Culvahouse (VP Vetter)
Sam Clovis (National Co-chair)
Brad Parscale (Digital director) Steven Cheung (politics), Steven Cheung (Rapid Response Director)
Roger Ailes (Debate Advisor)
Boris Epshteyn (Senior Advisor)
Anthony Scaramucci (Finance Committee)
George Papadopoulos (Foreign Policy Advisor)
Patrick Caddell (adviser)
Corey Lewandowski (Campaign manager; left campaign on June 20, 2016)
Roger Stone (Political adviser; left campaign on August 8, 2015)
Sam Nunberg (Political adviser; left campaign on August 3, 2015)
Paul Manafort (Campaign chairman; left campaign on August 19, 2016)
Rick Gates (political consultant), Rick Gates (Deputy Campaign Chairman; left campaign in August 2016)
Michael Caputo (Head of Communications; left campaign on June 20, 2016)
Carter Page (Foreign Policy Advisor; left campaign on September 24, 2016)
- **receipts**: 350,668,435.70
- **slogan**:
 Make America Great Again
 Lock Her Up
 Build the wall
 Make America One Again
Make America Proud Again
Make America Safe Again
Make America Strong Again
Make America Work Again

Trump Digs Coal
- **homepage**:
 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150629200010/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/ archived] 29 June 2015)
Lincoln Chafee 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Lincoln Chafee**, the 74th Governor of Rhode Island, and former United States Senator from Rhode Island, was formally launched on June 3, 2015.  His campaign for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election is his first campaign as a Democrat, after having previously been elected Senator as a Republican, and Governor as an Independent.

## Background

In the 2008 presidential election, he formally endorsed the Democratic nominee Barack Obama. In 2012, Chafee was one of 35 co-chairs selected to serve on President Barack Obama's re-election campaign.

On April 9, 2015, Chafee announced that he had formed an exploratory committee in preparation for a potential candidacy for the Democratic Party's 2016 presidential nomination. The following month, on May 29, it was confirmed that Chafee would announce his decision regarding a 2016 presidential bid on June 3.

### Withdrawal

Following a widely panned debate performance, poor polling numbers, and a poor fundraising campaign, Lincoln Chafee announced on October 23 that he would be suspending his campaign.

## Supporters

- Conan O'Brien, actor and comedian

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **committee**: Lincoln Chafee for President
- **logo**: Chafee for President.png
- **campaign**: United States presidential election, 2016, U.S. presidential election, 2016
- **candidate**: Lincoln Chafee
 <small>Governor of Rhode Island (2011–2015)
 United States Senate, U.S. Senator (1999–2007)</small>
- **status**: Announced: June 3, 2015
 Suspended/Withdrew: October 23, 2015
- **cand id**: P60008075
- **fec date**: 2015-06-30
- **affiliation**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party
- **headquarters**: 1800 Post Road Unit 17B
Warwick, Rhode Island
- **receipts**: 392,743
- **slogan**: Fresh Ideas for America
- **homepage**: [http://www.chafee2016.com/ www.chafee2016.com]
Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton**, the 67th Secretary of State, former First Lady, and former United States Senator from New York, was announced via a YouTube video on April 12, 2015. A presidential candidate in 2008, her candidacy in the 2016 election was her second bid for the presidency. She was widely seen as the front runner for the Democratic nomination, although she faced several challengers, especially Bernie Sanders.

On November 9, 2016, after the presidential election, Hillary Clinton had lost to Donald Trump at the U.S. Electoral College.

## Background

According to nationwide opinion polls in early 2015, Clinton was the front-runner for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination. She did face other several primary election challengers. A Franklin Pierce University/Boston Herald poll in mid-August 2015 showed Senator Bernie Sanders with a 44-37 lead over Clinton in the first-in-the-nation primary state of New Hampshire. And, in August 2015, Vice President Joe Biden was reported to be seriously considering a possible challenge to Clinton.

On July 22, 2016, Clinton announced Virginia United States senator Tim Kaine as her running mate.

## Announcement

The Clinton campaign had planned a delayed announcement, possibly as late as July 2015. Her team decided to make the announcement earlier because of publicity about Clinton's use of a private email server while Secretary of State. Clinton made her official announcement on the following Sunday, April 12, 2015.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **committee**: Hillary for America
- **campaign**: United States presidential election, 2016, U.S. presidential election 2016
- **candidate**: Hillary Clinton
<small>United States Secretary of State, Secretary of State (2009–2013)</small>
Tim Kaine
<small>United States senator of Virginia (since 2013)</small>
- **cand id**: P00003392
- **fec date**: 2015-06-30
- **status**: Announced: April 12, 2015
Official launch: June 13, 2015
Lost election: November 9, 2016
- **affiliation**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party
- **headquarters**: 1 Pierremont Plaza
Brooklyn, New York (state), New York
- **key people**: John Podesta <small>(chairman)</small>
 Huma Abedin <small>(vice chairwoman)</small>
 Robby Mook <small>(manager)</small>
 Joel Benenson <small>(chief strategist)</small>
 Jim Margolis <small>(media strategist)</small>
 Jennifer Palmieri <small>(communications director) </small>
 Stephanie Hannon <small>(technology)</small>
 Amanda Renteria <small>(national political director)</small>
 Marc Elias <small> (general counsel) </small>
 Nick Merrill <small> (traveling spokesman)</small>
- **receipts**: 47,549,949
- **slogan**: Hillary for America
- **homepage**: [https://www.hillaryclinton.com/ www.HillaryClinton.com]
Martin O'Malley 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Martin O'Malley**, the 61st Governor of Maryland, for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in 2016 was announced on May 30, 2015 and suspended on February 1, 2016.

## Background

O'Malley had been seen as a potential presidential candidate since at least December 2012. In that month, he said that Hillary Clinton, who has launched her own 2016 campaign, would be a "great President", brushing off questions about his own potential candidacy and commenting that he would have to do "a lot of soul-searching and discernment and introspection."

## Announcement

The day prior to his announcement, May 29, O'Malley released a video of himself strumming the presidential fanfare _Hail to the Chief_ on his guitar, alluding to his impending announcement. The following day, May 30,  O'Malley launched his campaign at a scheduled rally in Baltimore, Maryland.

## Suspension

O'Malley suspended his campaign after poor polling numbers and a poor performance in the Iowa caucuses.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **committee**: O'Malley for President
- **logo**: O'Malley for President 2016 Logo.png
- **campaign**: United States presidential election, 2016
- **candidate**: Martin O'Malley
 <small>Governor of Maryland (2007–2015)
 List of mayors of Baltimore, Mayor of Baltimore (1999–2007)</small>
- **cand id**: P60007671
- **fec date**: 2015-06-30
- **affiliation**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party
- **headquarters**: 1501 St. Paul Street, Suite 114
Baltimore, Maryland
- **receipts**: 2,006,904
- **slogan**: Rebuild the American Dream
- **homepage**: [http://martinomalley.com/ www.martinomalley.com/]
Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign

The **2016 presidential campaign of Bernie Sanders**, the junior United States Senator from Vermont, and former Congressman of the same, began with a formal announcement by Sanders on May 26, 2015 in Burlington, Vermont, which followed an informal announcement on April 30.

## Infobox (u.s. federal election campaign)

- **committee**: Bernie Sanders for President
- **logo**: Bernie Sanders 2016 logo.svg
- **campaign**: United States presidential election, 2016
- **candidate**: Bernie Sanders

- **cand id**: P60007168
- **fec date**: 2015-12-31
- **status**: Announced: April 30, 2015
Formal launch: May 26, 2015
Lost nomination: July 26, 2016
- **affiliation**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party
- **headquarters**: 131 Church Street, Suite 300
Burlington, Vermont
- **key people**: Jeff Weaver (politician), Jeff Weaver, campaign manager
Symone D. Sanders, press secretary
- **receipts**: 73,000,000
- **slogan**: Not Me. Us.
A Future To Believe In
A Political Revolution Is Coming
Not For Sale
- **chant**:
Enough Is Enough!
Jeanna Friske

**Jeanna Vladimirovna Friske** (; 8 July 1974 – 15 June 2015), better known by the stage name **Zhanna Friske**, was a Russian actress, singer, model, and socialite.

Firske died in Balashikha, Russia from glioblastoma, a rare form of brain cancer, aged 40.

### As Blestyashchie member

- 1997: Tam, tol'ko tam (Remixes) <small>("There, Only there (Remixes)" - 1st Remix album)</small>
- 1998: Prosto mechty <small>("Only dreams")</small>
- 2000: O ljubvi... <small>("About love...")</small>
- 2000: Belym snegom <small>("White snow" - 1st Compilation album)</small>
- 2002: Za chetyre morya <small>("Beyond four seas")</small>
- 2003: Apel'sinoviy ray <small>("Orange paradise")</small>

### As soloist

- Zhanna (2005)

## Filmography

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2004|_Night Watch_|Alisa Donnikova|Debut as actress|
|2006|_Day Watch_|Alisa Donnikova||
|2010|_What Men Talk About_|Herself||
|2010|Novogodnie svaty|Herself||
|2010|_Who am I?_|Anya||

## Other websites

- Official Website of Jeanna Friske
- Russian Actors Website
- Jeanna Friske at the Forbes

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **associated acts**: Blestyaschie (1996–2003)
- **label**: GRO Studio


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Zhanna Friske
- **image**: Friske Schanna.jpg
- **caption**: Friske in 2011
- **native name**: Жанна Фриске
- **birth name**: Jeanna Vladimirovna Kopylova
- **birth place**: Moscow, Russia
- **death place**: Balashikha, Russia
- **occupation**: Singer, model, actress, socialite
- **yearsactive**: 1996–2003 (group)
2004–2013 (solo)
- **children**: 1
- **website**: [http://www.jeannefriske.com/en/ Official Zhanna Friske web site]
Harry Rowohlt

**Harry Rowohlt** (27 March 1945 – 15 June 2015) was a German writer and translator. He was born in Hamburg. He also played the role of a derelict in the famous German weekly-soap Lindenstraße.

In 1999 he was awarded the Johann-Heinrich-Voß-Preis für Übersetzung. And in 2005, he received the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis for his translation work.

He died of lung cancer in Hamburg.
Qiao Shi

**Qiao Shi** (December 1924 – 14 June 2015) was a Chinese politician and a top leader of the Communist Party of China. He was a member of the party's top decision-making body, the Politburo Standing Committee, from 1987 to 1997. He was a contender for the paramount leadership of China, but lost out to his political rival Jiang Zemin, who assumed the presidency in 1993. Qiao Shi instead served as Chairman of the National People's Congress, the third-ranked political position, from 1993 until his retirement in 1998.
Fred Kummerow

**Fred Kummerow** (October 4, 1914 – May 31, 2017) was an American emeritus professor of comparative biosciences at the University of Illinois and a centenarian. He continued to do research even after he was one hundred years old.

Kummerow was known for his works to prove the health issues that trans fat caused to people.

Kummerow died on May 31, 2017 at his home in Urbana, Illinois at the age of 102.

## Selected publications

- Johnston PV, Johnson OC, Kummerow FA. Occurrence of trans fatty acids in human tissue. Science 126, 698–699 (1957).
- Kummerow FA. Nutrition imbalance and angiotoxins as dietary risk factors in coronary heart disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32, 58–83 (1979).
- Kummerow FA. Interaction between sphingomyelin and oxysterols contributes to atherosclerosis and sudden death. Am. J. Cardiovasc. Dis. 3(1), 17–26 (2013).

## Other websites

- http://wphna.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/WN-2015-06-01-02-72-78-Idea-Fred-Kummerow-My-diet-JF.pdf
- http://news.illinois.edu/news/13/0227heart_disease_FredKummerow.html
- http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/805580

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Fred Kummerow
- **birth place**: Berlin, Germany
- **death place**: Urbana, Illinois
Night Train to Lisbon (movie)

***Night Train to Lisbon*** is a 2013 German-Swiss-Portuguese drama movie. It was directed by Bille August. It stars Jeremy Irons, Mélanie Laurent, Bruno Ganz, Tom Courtenay, and Christopher Lee. It is based on the novel of the same name. It was released to mixed reviews on 13 February 2013 in Berlin.
Sal Mineo

**Salvatore** "**Sal**" **Mineo, Jr.** (January 10, 1939February 12, 1976), was an American movie and theatre actor. Mineo was born in the Bronx, New York City, into an Italian family. He is best known for his  performance as John "Plato" Crawford opposite James Dean in the movie _Rebel Without a Cause_. He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Once for his roles in _Rebel Without a Cause_ and once for _Exodus_.

Mineo was bisexual. In 1976 he played the role of a bisexual burglar in a series of stage performances of the comedy, _P.S. Your Cat Is Dead_. The play moved from San Francisco to Los Angeles and Mineo moved along with the play. He was arriving home after a rehearsal on February 12, 1976, when he was stabbed to death by a mugger in the alley behind his apartment building. This happened near Sunset Strip in West Hollywood, California. He was buried in Hawthorne, New York.
Ron Clarke

**Ronald William** "**Ron**" **Clarke**  (21 February 1937 – 17 June 2015) was an Australian athlete, writer, and politician. He served as Mayor of the Gold Coast from 25 March 2004 until 27 February 2012. He was a world record holder and won a bronze medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

Clarke was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He was married to Helen Clarke and had two sons.

Clark died from kidney failure on 17 June 2015 in Southport, Queensland. He was 78.
Roberto Suazo Córdova

**Roberto Suazo Córdova** (17 March 1927 – 22 December 2018) was a Honduran politician. He served as President of Honduras from 1982 to 1986. He was born in La Paz, Honduras.

Córdova died on 22 December 2018 at a hospital in Tegucigalpa, Honduras from complications of stomach surgery at the age of 91.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Roberto Suazo Córdoba
- **image**: Roberto Suazo Cordova.jpg
- **imagesize**: 240px
- **caption**: Sketch of Roberto Suazo Córdova
- **order**: 47th President of Honduras
- **term start**: 27 January 1982
- **term end**: 27 January 1986
- **predecessor**: Policarpo Paz García
<small>(provisional)</small>
- **successor**: José Azcona del Hoyo
- **birth place**: La Paz, Honduras, La Paz, La Paz Department (Honduras), La Paz, Honduras
- **death place**: Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- **nationality**: Honduran
- **profession**: politician, surgeon, physician
- **spouse**: Aida Zacapa
- **party**: Liberal Party of Honduras
- **alma mater**: University of San Carlos of Guatemala
Charles Correa

**Charles Correa** (1 September 1930 – 16 June 2015) was an Indian architect, urban planner and activist. He is known for the creation of modern architecture in post-Independence India.

He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1972, and second highest civilian honour, the Padma Vibhushan in 2006, given by Government of India. He was also awarded the 1984 Royal Gold Medal for architecture, by the Royal Institute of British Architects.

Correa died at his home in Mumbai after a brief illness at the age of 84.

## Other websites

- Charles Correa Associates  – Official web site of the Mumbai-based architect. Extensive project descriptions with photographs, biography and bibliography.
- Charles Correa – Photo Gallery at BBC Radio 3
- Charles Mark Correa Biography
- Link to Art & Design webpage

## Infobox (architect)

- **name**: Charles Correa
- **image**: Charles Correa.jpg
- **nationality**: Indian
- **birth place**: Secunderabad, India
- **death place**: Mumbai, India
- **alma mater**: University of Michigan
- **significant buildings**: Jawahar Kala Kendra, National Crafts Museum, Bharat Bhavan
- **awards**: Padma Shri, Padma Vibhushan
Ancien Évêché Museum

The **Ancien Évêché Museum** is a departmental museum in Grenoble. It is dedicated to the Isere heritage through the history of its Bishop's palace. It was inaugurated in 1998. It is in the former Bishop's palace, near the Notre-Dame cathedral. The museum gives access to the remains of an early Christian baptistry and to a section of the former Roman wall, in the basement of the building.

The permanent exhibition _Isère throught History_ displays items and paintings relating to the development of Isère from pre-history to the present day.

The museum also shows regularly temporary exhibitions of local artists.

## Some temporary exhibitions

- Diodore Rahoult from November 2013 to May 2014
- _The Alps of_ Doisneau from November 2012 to September 2013
- He Yifu_. The journey of a Chinese painter in the Alps _ from November 2010 to February 2011
- Jules Flandrin_. works from 1889 to 1914_, from November 2008 to April 2009
- Grenoble. _Visions of a city_, from November 2007 to April 2008
- Alexandre Debelle, from February 2006 to May 2006
- _ The Isère heritage in comics_, from November 2004 to May 2005
- _Painter (s) in Proveysieux_, fom October 2003 to May 2004
- _Cartusian monasteries in Europe_, from October 2002 to May 2003
- Abbé Calès, _a man, an artist_, from September 2001 to April 2002
- The Tour du Pin triptych, from April 2000 to July 2001

## Access

The B tramline: Notre-Dame-Musée station.

## Other websites

- official website
Andre Igoudala

**Andre Tyler Iguodala** (; born January 28, 1984) is an American professional basketball player. He plays for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). In 2015 he was named most valuable player (MVP) of the NBA Finals.

## Early life and family

Iguodala went to Lanphier High School in Springfield, Illinois.

## College Career

He then played for the Arizona Wildcats basketball team at the University of Arizona. While playing for Arizona, the Wildcats made it to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship both seasons. After completing two years, he put his name in for the NBA Draft

## Professional Career

In the 2004 NBA Draft he was chosen by the Philadelphia 76ers. Iguodala played in Philadelphia until the summer of 2012. He was then traded to the Denver Nuggets. He was picked up by the Golden State Warriors in 2013.

## Executive Career

In November 2023 the National Basketball Players Association announced Andre Iguodala as acting executive director.

## Infobox (basketball biography)

- **name**: Andre Iguodala
- **image**: Andre Iguodala.jpg
- **caption**: Iguodala with the Sixers
- **position**: Small forward / Shooting guard
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 6
- **weight lb**: 215
- **league**: National Basketball Association, NBA
- **team**: Memphis Grizzlies
- **number**: 9
- **nationality**: American
- **birth place**: Springfield, Illinois
- **high school**: Lanphier High School, Lanphier (Springfield, Illinois)
- **college**: Arizona Wildcats men's basketball, Arizona (2002–2004)
- **draft round**: 1
- **draft pick**: 9
- **draft team**: Philadelphia 76ers
- **draft year**: 2004
- **career start**: 2004
- **years1**: –
- **team1**: Philadelphia 76ers
- **team2**: Denver Nuggets
- **years3**: –present
- **team3**: Golden State Warriors
- **highlights**: * List of NBA champions, NBA champion (2015 NBA Finals, 2015)
* Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award, NBA Finals MVP (2015)
* List of NBA All-Stars, NBA All-Star (2012 NBA All-Star Game, 2012)
* NBA All-Defensive Team, NBA All-Defensive First Team ()
* NBA All-Defensive Team, NBA All-Defensive Second Team ()
* NBA All-Rookie Team, NBA All-Rookie First Team ()
* NBA All-Star Weekend Rookie Challenge, NBA Rookie Challenge MVP ()
* First-team List of All-Pacific-12 Conference men's basketball teams, All-Pac-10 (2004)
- **nba**: andre_iguodala
- **letter**: i
- **bbr**: iguodan01
Child labour in India

**Child labour in India** is when Indian children work for money, on a part or full-time basis....

The practice deprives children of their childhood, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Various things lead to children working. Poverty, lack of good schools and informal work places may be blamed.

The 1998 national census of India estimated the total number of child labour, aged 4–15, to be at 12.6 million, out of a total child population of 253 million in 5-14 age group. The 2011 national census of India found the total number of child labour, aged 5–14, to be at 4.35 million, and the total child population to be 259.64 million in that age group.

The child labour problem is not unique to India; worldwide, about 217 million children work, many full-time.
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

Rishi **Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay** (27 June 1838 – 8 April 1894) was a Bengali writer, poet and journalist. He was the composer of India's national song _Vande Mataram_. It was originally a Bengali and Sanskrit _stotra_ (hymn) portraying India as a mother goddess. The song inspired the activists during the Indian Independence Movement. Chattopadhyay wrote 13 novels. He also wrote several serious, serio-comic, satirical, scientific and critical articles in Bengali. His works were widely translated into other regional languages of India.

Chattopadhyay was born to an orthodox Brahmin family. He was educated at Hooghly Mohsin College. The college was founded by Bengali philanthropist Muhammad Mohsin and Presidency College, Calcutta. He was one of the first graduates of the University of Calcutta. From 1858, until his retirement in 1891, he served as a deputy magistrate and deputy collector in the government of British India.
Kantō Plain

The  is the largest plain in Japan. It is in the Kanto Region of central Honshū.  The total area 17,000 km<sup>2</sup> covers more than half of the region. It extends over Tokyo, Saitama Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, Chiba Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture, and Tochigi Prefecture.

A number of plateaus make up a large part of the plain.  These large plateaus are divided into smaller ones by shallow river valleys.  Volcanic ash from surrounding volcanoes are thought to have been deposited on these plateaus.

What is unusual is the overall tilt of the plateaus and hills.  The entire area is slightly bent or slanted and forms a basin centered in the Tone River and Tokyo Bay. Tectonic changes are still happening, as the plain’s central region gradually sinks lower towards sea level.
Henriette Ekwe Ebongo

**Henriette Ekwe Ebongo** (born December 25, 1949) is a Cameroonian journalist, publisher and political activist. In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

## Work

Ebongo works for freedom of the press, equality for women, human rights, and good government. She also works against corruption and discrimination against women. In the 1980s, she worked against dictatorship.  During this time, she was tortured and taken to military court.

Ebongo publishes the weekly newspaper _Babela_.  She started the Cameroon branch of Transparency International, a non-governmental organization that works against government corruption.

## Awards

- International Women of Courage Award, 2011

## Other websites

- 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Netatmo

Founded in 2011, **Netatmo** is a French company specializing in connected objects. Their four products (weather station, thermostat and camera) have been awarded by the "CES Innovations Design and Engineering Awards" in 2013, 2014 and 2015 . In 2015, Welcome, won 4 awards in the following categories: "Smart Home", "Home Appliances", "Digital Imaging" and "Tech for a better World".

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Netatmo
- **logo**: Netatmo_logo.png
- **type**: S.A. (corporation)
- **foundation**: in Boulogne billancourt, France
- **founder**: *Fred Potter
* Jean-Pierre Dumolard
- **location city**: Boulogne billancourt
- **location country**: France
- **location**: 93 rue Nationale
- **products**: * Netatmo Weather Station
* Netatmo Thermostat
* June by Netatmo
* Welcome by Netatmo
- **owner**: Fred Potter
- **homepage**: http://www.netatmo.com/
Wood ash

**Wood ash** is the powder left after wood has been in a fire, such as a home fireplace or an industrial power plant. Some gardeners use it to make potash. After being burned, only a small amount of wood is left as wood ash.

Wood ash has also been used in ceramic glazes, in China, Japan, and Korea. It has also been used to make soap.
Mark White

**Mark Wells White, Jr.,** (March 17, 1940 – August 5, 2017) was an American lawyer. He served as the 43rd Governor of Texas serving from January 18, 1983 to January 20, 1987.

White died at age 77 at his home in Houston, Texas on August 5, 2017 from a heart attack.

## Other websites

- Photos of Mark White, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
- https://www.tsl.state.tx.us/governors/modern/page2.html
- https://www.tsl.state.tx.us/governors/modern/white-nopass-1.html  Governor Mark White's press conference on No Pass, No Play on August 8, 1985.
- https://www.tsl.state.tx.us/governors/modern/white-prisons.html  O.L. McCotter letter to Governor White on state prisons, July 8, 1985.
- White, Governor Mark and David Goldstein. Governor Mark White Oral History , Houston Oral History Project, November 23, 2009.
- http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=309967 TX Attorney General Race-November 7, 1978
- http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=296559 TX Governor Democratic Primary Race-May 1, 1982
- http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27776 TX Governor Race-November 2, 1982
- http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27720 TX Governor Race-November 4, 1986

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mark Wells White, Jr.,
- **image**: Governor Mark White.jpg
- **caption**: Governor Mark White addressing a joint session of the Texas Legislature on January 14, 1987, six days before leaving office.
- **order**: List of Governors of Texas, 43rd
- **office**: Governor of Texas
- **term start**: January 18, 1983
- **term end**: January 20, 1987
- **lieutenant**: William P. Hobby Jr.
- **predecessor**: Bill Clements
- **successor**: Bill Clements
- **order2**: Texas Attorney General, 46th
- **office2**: Attorney General of Texas
- **term start2**: January 19, 1979
- **term end2**: January 18, 1983
- **governor2**: Bill Clements
- **predecessor2**: John Hill (Texas politician), John Hill
- **successor2**: Jim Mattox
- **order3**: List of Secretaries of State of Texas, 74th
- **office3**: Secretary of State of Texas
- **term start3**: January 19, 1973
- **term end3**: October 27, 1977
- **governor3**: Dolph Briscoe
- **predecessor3**: V. Larry Teaver, Jr.
- **successor3**: George Strake, Jr.
- **birth name**: Mark Wells White
- **birth place**: Longview, Texas, Longview, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Houston, Texas, U.S.
- **spouse**: Linda Gale Thompson
- **children**: 3 (two sons, one daughter)
- **profession**: Lawyer and politician
- **alma mater**: Baylor University
- **residence**: Houston, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **branch**: Texas National Guard
- **battles**: Vietnam War
- **unit**: 36th Infantry Division
Twine

**Twine** (also called **baler twine**) is a light string or strong thread made from two or more smaller strands or yarns twisted together.  More generally, the term can be applied to a cord. It is often synonymous with string but is usually thicker. Natural fibres used for making twine include cotton, sisal, jute, hemp, henequen, and coir.  A variety of synthetic fibres may also be used. Twine is available in colors, plain or waxed. Twine is as useful as duct tape in that it can be used for a wide variety of repairs.

## Uses

In arts and crafts, twine is used for a wide variety of projects. It is used in knitting, crocheting, and making jewellery, to mention just a few. Commercially, twine is used in upholstery, rug-making, agriculture, the cotton industry, textiles, and in the carton industry.

## History

Twine traces its history back to as early as 32,000 years ago. Wild flax fibers were used to make twine for clothing, baskets and creating tools. Hunter-gatherers processed flax into strong cords or twine.

Archaeologists discovered flax fiber cords in a western Asian cave that date from 32,000 to 26,000 years ago. In a cave at Lascaux, France fossilized remains of a “two-ply laid rope of about 7 mm diameter” were dated to about 15,000 BCE. Hemp twine was used from about 8,000 BCE. By 1,000 BCE hemp rope and twine was used by most civilizations. From 500 BCE to 1900 AD almost all rope and twine used in sailing ships was made from hemp. For example, the USS Constitution used hemp for its rigging lines. Sea bags and other common goods used help cordage or twine.

In the 1630s hemp was used to produce cordage in Boston. Soon there were several ropewalks in Boston producing hemp rope. Hemp twine was twisted into rope.

## Related pages

- String
- Fibre
- Rope
- Yarn
Nanyuki

**Nanyuki** is a town in Kenya. It had an urban population of 31,577 in 1999.

The town was started by British settlers in the early days of colonial Kenya in 1907. Some of their descendants still live in or around the town. Today, the town is multi-cultural and the market center for farms, ranches, game parks and wildlife conservancies in the region.
Clementa C. Pinckney

**Clementa Carlos Pinckney** (July 30, 1973 – June 17, 2015) was an American Democratic member of the South Carolina Senate, representing the 45th District since 2000. He was previously a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1997 through 2000.

Pinckney was a senior pastor at Mother Emanuel A.M.E. in Charleston. He died, along with eight others, in a mass shooting at an evening bible study at his church on June 17, 2015.

## Other websites

- Senator Clementa C. Pinckney at South Carolina Legislature
- Reverend Clementa Pinckney  at Mother Emanuel A.M.E. Church
- _Follow the Money_ - Clementa C. Pinckney
    - 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 campaign contributions

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Clementa C. Pinckney
- **state senate**: South Carolina
- **district**: 45th
- **term start**: 2001
- **term end**: 2015
- **preceded**: McKinley Washington, Jr.
- **state house1**: South Carolina
- **district1**: 122nd
- **term start1**: 1997
- **term end1**: 2000
- **succeeded1**: R. Thayer Rivers, Jr.
- **birth place**: Beaufort, South Carolina
- **death place**: Charleston, South Carolina
- **spouse**: Jennifer
- **profession**: Minister (Christianity), Minister
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
Tony Ranasinghe

**Tony Ranasinghe** (31 July 1937 – 16 June 2015) was a Sri Lankan actor. He was known for his roles in _Hanthane Kathawa_ (1969), _Duhulu Malak_ (1976) and _Ahasin Polawata_ (1979). Ranasinghe was born in Modara, Sri Lanka.

Ranasinghe died on 16 June 2015 at a public hospital in Colombo at the age of 77.

## Other websites

- Tony Ranasinghe's Biography in Sinhala Cinema Database

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tony Ranasinghe
- **birth name**: Ranasinghe Hettiarachchilage Ignatius Anthony Silva
- **birth place**: Modara, Sri Lanka
- **death place**: Colombo, Sri Lanka
- **nationality**: Sri Lankan
- **education**: St. Anthony's College Wattala and De LaSalle College, Modera
- **occupation**: Actor, Writer
April 2015 Nepal earthquake

The **April 2015 Nepal earthquake** (also known as the **Gorkha** **earthquake**) killed 8,962 people and injured 21 952 across Nepal, India, China and Bangladesh. It occurred at <time datetime="2015-04-25 11:56"></time> on 25 April. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.8M<sub>w</sub>. Its epicenter was east of the district of Lamjung. Its hypocenter was at a depth of about . It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake.

The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing at least 19 people. This makes April 25, 2015 the deadliest day on the mountain in history. The earthquake triggered another huge avalanche in the Langtang valley, where 250 people were reported missing.

Hundreds of thousands of people were made homeless with entire villages destroyed. Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Kathmandu Valley. Experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a deadly earthquake.

Continued aftershocks occurred throughout Nepal within 15–20 minute intervals. One shock reached a magnitude of 6.7 on 26 April at <time datetime="2015-04-25 12:54">12:54:08</time> NST. The country also had a continued risk of landslides.

It created seven avalanches after. Many Nepalese counties were damaged by the quake.

## Infobox (earthquake)

- **title**: April 2015 Nepal earthquake
- **timestamp**: 2015-04-25 06:11:25
- **local-time**: 11:56:25 Nepal Standard Time, NST
- **anss-url**: us20002926
- **isc-event**: 607208674
- **magnitude**: 7.8 (Moment magnitude scale, M<sub>w</sub>) or 8.1
- **intensity**: Mercalli intensity scale, X (_Extreme_)
- **aftershocks**: May 2015 Nepal earthquake, 7.3 M<sub>w</sub> on 12 May at 12:50
6.7 M<sub>w</sub> on 26 April at 12:54
459 aftershocks of 4 M<sub>w</sub> and above as of 24 May 2016
- **type**: Thrust fault, Thrust
- **casualties**: 8,962 dead in Nepal, 21,952 injured
3.5 million homeless
- **damage**: $10 billion (about 50% of Nepal's nominal GDP)
- **duration**: 50 seconds
Sonny Black (album)

**Sonny Black** is the 12th studio album by the German rapper Bushido. It was released on February 14, 2014 and it reached No. 1 on the German, Austrian and Swiss music charts.

## Track listing

1. Fotzen – 3:16
1. Jeder meiner Freunde – 3:09
1. Haifisch – 3:31
1. Mitten in der Nacht – 3:55
1. Crackdealer Sound – 3:17
1. Sporttasche – 3:25
1. Osama Flow – 3:02
1. Gangsta Rap Kings (featuring Kollegah & Farid Bang) – 4:03
1. Messerstecherei – 2:50
1. Blei-Patronen – 3:40
1. John Wayne – 2:44
1. Tausend Gründe – 3:06
1. Baseballschläger – 2:53
1. AMG (featuring Shindy) – 2:49
1. Nie ein Rapper II – 3:29

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Sonny Black
- **type**: Studio
- **artist**: Bushido (rapper)
- **genre**: German hip hop
- **label**: Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Music, ersguterjunge
- **prev title**: AMYF
(2012)
- **next title**: Carlo Cokxxx Nutten 3
(2015)