juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Alexis Jordan discography

This is a discography for American singer Alexis Jordan.

### Albums

|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:9em;"|Title|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"|Album details|scope="col" colspan="6"|Peak chart positions||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|* Released: February 25, 2011 * Label: StarRoc, Roc Nation * Formats: CD, digital download|11|87|28|21|96|9|

### Singles

|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Year|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"|Title|scope="col" colspan="10"|Peak chart positions|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"|Certifications|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Album|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2010|align=left|"Happiness"|3|3|31|1|1|8|2|44|3|1|* AUS: 3× Platinum * BEL: Gold * NZ: Gold|align=left rowspan="3"|_Alexis Jordan_|
|rowspan=2|2011|align=left|"Good Girl"|40|9|15|25|—|—|42|—|6|1|||
|align=left|"Hush Hush"|—|—|36|12|—|—|50|—|66|—|||||

### As a featured artist

|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Year|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em;"|Title|scope="col" colspan="9"|Peak chart positions||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan=1|2011|align=left|"Got 2 Luv U" <small>(Sean Paul featuring Alexis Jordan)</small>|84|26|10|16|7|4|6|1|11|

### Guest appearances

|scope="col"|Year|scope="col"|Title|scope="col"|Album|scope="col"|Artist|scope="col"|Ref.|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|2010|align="center"|"Together"|align="center"|_Third Strike_|align="center"|Tinchy Stryder|align="center"||

### Music videos

|scope="col"|Year|scope="col" style="width:12em;"|Title|scope="col"|Director(s)|scope="col"|Ref.|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|2010|align="center"|"Happiness"|align="center"|Aggressive|align="center"||
|rowspan=4 align="center"|2011|align="center"|"Good Girl"|align="center"|Erik White|||
|align="center"|"Hush Hush"|align="center"|Clifton Bell|||||
|align="center"|"Got 2 Luv U"|align="center"|Ben Mor|||||
|align="center"|"Say That"|align="center"||align="center"||||
Opening act

An **opening act** (or **warm-up act**) is an entertainer who performs first before the headliner goes on stage to perform. The opening act's role is to keep the audience at a concert excited which helps the headliner get ready to perform their act on stage.
StarRoc/Roc Nation

**StarRoc/Rock Nation** is an American record label and music publishing company that was founded by American rapper Jay-Z. Currently, Alexis Jordan and Willow Smith (Will Smith's daughter) are sighed to the record label.
T4 on the Beach

**T4 on the Beach** is a one-day yearly music event that occurs in Weston-super-Mare in June or July. It began in 2003 as Pop Beach in Great Yarmouth, changing in 2005 to its current name and location. The event is broadcast live on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom.
JLS

**JLS** (short for Jack the Lad Swing) are an English boy band, which consists of members Aston Merrygold, Oritsé Williams, Marvin Humes, and JB Gill, originally formed by Williams. They initially signed to Tracklacers production company New Track City and then went on to become runners-up of the fifth series of the ITV reality talent show _The X Factor_ in 2008, coming second to Alexandra Burke. During their initial stint as a boy band, they have sold over 3 million records worldwide. They were runners-up in the 2008 UK series of _The X Factor_. JLS signed a record deal with Epic records in 2009. Their debut album peaked at number-one on the UK Albums Chart and sold more than 1 million copies.

## Awards and nominations

|Year|Ceremony|Category|Nominated work|Result|Ref||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2007|Urban Music Awards|Best Unsigned Act|||style="text-align:center;"||||
|rowspan="9"|2009|2009 BRIT Awards|Best British Single|"Hero" <small>(with _The X Factor_ finalists)</small>||style="text-align:center;"|||
|rowspan="2"|MOBO Awards|Best UK Newcomer|||style="text-align:center;"||||
|Best Song|"Beat Again"||style="text-align:center;"||||||
|rowspan="2"|BBC Switch Live Awards|Switch's Outstanding Artist|||style="text-align:center;"||||
|Prom King|Aston Merrygold||style="text-align:center;"||||||
|rowspan="4"|Virgin Media Music Awards|Best Group|||style="text-align:center;"||||
|Best Newcomer|||style="text-align:center;"||||||
|Best Track|"Beat Again"||style="text-align:center;"||||||
|Hottest Male|Aston Merrygold||||||||
|rowspan="10"|2010|rowspan="3"|2010 BRIT Awards|British Group|||||
|British Breakthrough|||rowspan="2"||||||
|British Single|"Beat Again"||||||||
|Shockwave NME Awards|Worst Band|||style="text-align:center;"|||||
|rowspan="2"|BT Digital Music Awards|Best Group|||style="text-align:center;"||||
|Best Video|"Everybody In Love"||style="text-align:center;"||||||
|rowspan="2"|MOBO Awards|Best UK Act|||style="text-align:center;"||||
|Best Album|||style="text-align:center;"||||||
|rowspan="2"|Urban Music Awards|Best R&B Act|||style="text-align:center;"||||
|Best Group|||style="text-align:center;"||||||
|rowspan="10"|2011|rowspan="3"|BT Digital Music Awards|Best Group|||style="text-align:center;"||
|Best Video|"Eyes Wide Shut"||style="text-align:center;"||||||
|Best Fansite|"Eyes Wide Shut"||style="text-align:center;"||||||

## Discography

- _JLS_ (2009)
- _Outta This World_ (2010)
- _Jukebox_ (2011)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: JLS
- **image**: JLS_KISS-FM_Chicago_2010-04-20_Photo-by-Adam-Bielawski.jpg
- **caption**: JLS in 2010
- **alias**: UFO (2007–2008)
- **origin**: London, England
- **label**: * BMG Rights Management, BMG
- **current members**: Aston Merrygold
Oritsé Williams
Marvin Humes
JB Gill
I Have Nothing

**I Have Nothing** is a song by American singer Whitney Houston. It was recorded for _The Bodyguard_ soundtrack (1992).
Later as a duet recorded in 1993 by the late singers Michael Jackson featuring Whitney Houston.

### Weekly charts

|Chart (1993–2012)|Peak position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Denmark (IFPI)|align="center"|9|
|Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)|align="center"|9|
|Iceland (Íslenski Listinn Topp 40)|align="center"|13|
|Poland (LP3)|align="center"|4|
|Portugal (AFP)|align="center"|7|
|South Korea International Singles (Gaon)|align="center"|55|
|US _Radio & Records_ CHR/Pop Airplay Chart|align="center"|1|

### Year-end charts

|Chart (1993)|Position||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Canada Top Singles (_RPM_)|align="center"|14|
|Canada Adult Contemporary (_RPM_)|align="center"|4|
|Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)|align="center"|100|
|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)|align="center"|181|
|US _Billboard_ Hot 100|align="center"|30|
|US _Billboard_ Adult Contemporary Singles & Tracks|align="center"|17|
|US _Billboard_ Pop Singles|align="center"|32|
|US _Billboard_ R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks|align="center"|32|
Hot Dance Club Songs

The **Hot Dance Club Songs** is a _Billboard_ chart that ranks the top 50 songs played by American DJs in night clubs. This chart was currently suspended after the March 28, 2020 issue due to the Coronavirus pandemic that resulted in nightclubs in the United States to shut down or cut back due to limits on social gatherings.

## Chart milestones

- Artists with the most number-one _Hot Dance Club Songs_ hits:

- 1. Madonna — 40
- 2. Janet Jackson — 19
- 3. Beyoncé — 16 (tie)
- 3. Kristine W — 16 (tie)
- 3. Rihanna — 16 (tie)
- 3. Donna Summer<sup>1</sup> — 16 (tie)
- 7. Mariah Carey — 15
- 8. Whitney Houston — 13
- 9. Lady Gaga — 11 (tie)
- 9. Jennifer Lopez — 11 (tie)

## Other websites

- Billboard Online
- Current Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart (top 25)
- Current Billboard Dance/Mix Show Airplay chart (top 10)
Hush Hush (Alexis Jordan song)

"**Hush Hush**" is a single by American singer Alexis Jordan for her debut album _Alexis Jordan_ (2011).

## Track listing

- **UK Digital EP**
1. "Hush Hush" – 3:42
1. "Hush Hush" (Tom Neville's Turned Up to 11 Remix) – 6:21
1. "Hush Hush" (Cahill Full On Club Remix) – 7:10
1. "Hush Hush" (Cahill Full On Dub Remix) – 7:10
1. "Hush Hush" (Cahill Lounge Remix) – 7:11
1. "Hush Hush" (Full Intention Club Remix) – 6:10

- **Australian Digital EP**
1. "Hush Hush" – 3:42
1. "Hush Hush" (Cahill Full On Remix Edit) – 3:29
1. "Hush Hush" (Full Intention Radio Remix) – 4:54
1. "Hush Hush" (Tom Neville's Turned Up To 11 Radio Remix) – 3:42
1. "Hush Hush" (Stargate Extended Mix) – 5:20

## Credits and personnel

- Autumn Rowe – songwriter
- StarGate <small>(Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen)</small> – songwriter, producer and instrumentation
- Sandy Vee – songwriter, producer, recording, mixing and instrumentation
- Petr Brdicko - songwriter
- Mikkel S. Eriksen – recording
- Phil Tan – mixing
- Damien Lewis – additional and assistant engineering
- Tom Coyne – mastering

## Charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2011)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Poland (Dance Top 50)|style="text-align:center;"|50||
Good Girl (Alexis Jordan song)

**Good Girl** is a song recorded by American singer Alexis Jordan for her debut album _Alexis Jordan_ (2011).

## Track listing

- **UK digital EP**
1. "Good Girl" – 3:56
1. "Good Girl (Radio Edit)" - 3:40
1. "Good Girl" (Freemason's Radio Edit) – 3:31
1. "Good Girl" (Kim Fai Radio Edit) – 3:55
1. "Good Girl" (Freemason's Club Edit) – 8:47
1. "Good Girl" (Kim Fai Club Edit) – 6:52

- **Australian digital download**
1. "Good Girl" – 3:56
1. "Good Girl (Radio Edit)" - 3:42
1. "Good Girl" (Freemason's Radio Edit) – 3:31
1. "Good Girl" (Kim Fai Radio Edit) – 3:55

## Credits and personnel

- Autumn Rowe – songwriter
- StarGate <small>(Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen)</small> – songwriter, producer and instrumentation
- Sandy Vee – songwriter, producer and instrumentation
- Petr Brdicko - songwriter
- Espionage <small>(Espen Lind and Amund Björklund)</small> – songwriter
- Mikkel S. Eriksen – recording
- Miles Walker – recording assistant
- Antonio Resendiz – recording assistant
- Phil Tan – mixing
- Damien Lewis – additional and assistant engineering
- Espen Lind – guitar
- Tom Coyne – mastering

Credits adapted from _Alexis Jordan_ album booklet.

## Charts

|Chart (2011)|Peak position|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)|style="text-align:center;"|25|
|Poland (Dance Top 50)|align="center"|42||
|US Hot Dance Club Songs (_Billboard_)|style="text-align:center;"|1||
Mixed race

A **mixed race** (or **multiracial**) person is someone whose ancestors (or parents) come from different races.
Sonny Terry

**Saunders Teddell**, or **Saunders Terrell** (or other variants, sources differ) (October 24, 1911 – March 11, 1986), known as **Sonny Terry**, was an American Piedmont blues and folk musician, who was known for his energetic blues harmonica style, which frequently included vocal whoops and hollers and occasionally imitations of trains and fox hunts.

## Life

He was born Saunders Terrell. His father, who was a farmer and musician, taught him the basics of harmonica playing. At the age of 16 he became blind. Because of this  he was not able to work on the farm of his father. He started playing music. He developed a harmonica style which included also vocal parts and hollers. Also the imitation of trains was part of his style.

In 1938 he played in the Carnegie Hall during the first _From Spirituals to Swing concert_. The same year he recorded for the Library of Congress. Although he was famous as pure folk blues artist he also played jump blues in a band. From 1941 till 1982 he played together with the guitarist  Brownie McGhee (1915–1996). He also played with other folk and blues legends like  Woody Guthrie, Leadbelly, Pete Seeger, Champion Jack Dupree, Blind Gary Davis, Mississippi John Hurt, Big Bill Broonzy amongst others.

In the 1980s he stopped due to age his career.He played only some concerts. He died in 1986. This year he also was inducted to the Blues Hall of Fame.

### Main albums

- California Blues – Universal (Pty) Ltd.
- On the Road – Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
- Sonny Terry's Harmonica and Vocal Solos – Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
- 1958  Sonny Terry's New Sound – Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
- 1960  Sonny's Story – Bluesville/Original Blues Classics
- 1963  Sonny Is King – Bluesville/Original Blues Classics
- 1965  Sonny Terry – Archive Folk
- 1960's  Sonny Terry Guitar & Harmonica – Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
- 1976  Black Night Road – Tomato
- 1976  Harmonica Blues – Storyville
- 1976  Sonny Terry's Washboard Band
- 1984  Whoopin' – Alligator Records

### Compilations

- 1991  The Folkways Years, 1944–1963 – Smithsonian Folkways Recordings
- 1995  Whoopin' the Blues: The Capitol Recordings, 1947–1950  Capitol
- 1996  Complete Recordings 1938–1945 – Document

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sonny Terry
- **img**: Sonny Terry at the Nambassa 3 day Music & Alternatives festival, New Zealand 1981. Photographer Michael Bennetts.jpg
- **img capt**: Sonny Terry 1981 in New Zealand
- **img size**: 200px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Saunders Terell
- **birth place**: Greensboro, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **death place**: Mineola, New York (state), New York
- **instrument**: Harmonica, Singer, vocals,
- **genre**: Blues music, Blues, Piedmont blues, Folk blues
- **occupation**: Musician
- **years active**: 1940s–1980s
- **associated acts**: Brownie McGhee
Water footprint

A **water footprint** is the amount of freshwater used by individuals, groups or companies to make goods or provide services. These goods and services may be needed around the entire world. A water footprint can be determined by math for any well-established group of users, or producers. It is measured by dividing the total amount of water used by the water that became polluted in the same area during the same amount of time. The water footprint of an organization is a good indicator for its water consumption and pollution. It does not show how other water sources are affected.

The water footprint concept was introduced in 2002 by A.Y. Hoekstra from the IHE Delft Institute for Water Education as an  indicator of water use.

## Related pages

- Carbon footprint

## Other websites

- Water Footprint Network
- WWF-UK
- WWF-NL
- UNESCO-IHE
- WSOURCE
Pope Boniface IX

**Pope Boniface IX** (; 1350 – 1 October 1404), born **Piero Tomacelli**, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 204th Pope from 1389 until his death in 1404.

## Early life

Piero Tomacelli was born into the baronial family of Casarano in the Kingdom of Naples.

## Cardinal

In 1381, Pope Urban VI raised Tomacelli to the rank of cardinal.

## Pope

Cardinal Tomacelli was elected pope in 1389; and he chose to be called Boniface IX.

Pope Boniface was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

### Papal actions

- **1391** – University of Ferrara established
- **1392** – University of Efurt confirmed
- **1396** – Jubilee celebrated at Rome
- **1398** – University of Fermo established

Boniface canonized St. Birgitta of Sweden.

### Western Schism

Boniface IX was pope during the years of the Western Schism, which was a split between factions of the Roman Catholic Church between 1378 and 1417.

During this period, there was more than one who claimed to be the true pope.

## Related pages

- List of popes

## Other websites

- Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Boniface IX
- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Cardinal Tomacelli

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: pope
- **name**: Boniface IX
- **image**: Cosmati, bonifacio IX inginocchiato, 1390-1410 ca (cropped).jpg
- **birth name**: Piero Tomacelli
- **birth date**: 1350
- **birth place**: Naples
- **death place**: Rome
- **term start**: 2 November 1389
- **term end**: 1 October 1404
- **predecessor**: Pope Urban VI
- **successor**: Pope Innocent VII
- **other**: Boniface
Pope Boniface

**Popes Boniface** may mean:
- Pope Boniface I (418–422)
- Pope Boniface II (530–532)
- Pope Boniface III (607)
- Pope Boniface IV (608–615)
- Pope Boniface V (619–625)
- Pope Boniface VI (896)
    - Antipope Boniface VII
- Pope Boniface VIII (1294–1303)
- Pope Boniface IX (1389–1404)
Recursive algorithm

A **recursive algorithm** is a function that tells itself to do something, resulting in it running over and over on smaller and smaller inputs. At the end, it gives back a value.
Bang!

**Bang!** is a card game. It is set in the Wild West. It was made by an Italian man named Emiliano Sciarra. This year, there were many expansion packs for the game. With all of them, this game can be played with eight players at the most.

## Start of the game

At the beginning of game, every player chooses their character and role. When the player is choosing their character, they take two random cards, looks at special ability and picks one of them. Every character has a different count of lives (from three to five). The sheriff has one more.

There are four roles. Every player knows only their own role. Only the sheriff is known to everybody. Roles are different depending on the number of players:

- 4 players  –  one sheriff, two bandits and one renegade.

- 5 players  –  sheriff, two bandits, one vice and renegade

- 6 players  –  sheriff, three bandits, vice and renegade

- 7 players  –  sheriff, three bandits, two vices and renegade

### The roles

Each player has a different mission:

- The sheriff is the most important role. Every time, he starts the game. His mission is to kill all the bandits and renegades. If he kills his deputy (vice), he will lose all his cards. If he dies, the game ends.

- The vice (deputy) has to protect the sheriff and kill the bandits and renegades.

- The bandit has to kill the sheriff in every game. There has to be more than two bandits.

- The renegade is the hardest role in the game. He has to stay alive so he can kill the bandits, vice (if he is playing) and sheriff at the end.

## Gameplay

After everyone chooses their character and role, the game starts. Every player gets the same number of cards as the number of lives they have, so if a player has three lives, they get three cards. At the beginning of turn, the player takes two cards. There are three kinds of cards. They have brown, blue and green edges. Brown cards allow players to play immediately, blue cards mean a player has to put it on the table first. Green cards also mean this, but the player needs to wait for one lap before he can use the card.
Aspen

**Aspens** are a type of poplar tree with leaves that move with the slightest wind. Both of its main species are called "trembling aspens" or "quaking aspens" on account of their leaves.

Some, but not all, aspens are classified by botanists under the section _Populus_.

## Species with the name "aspen"

These species are called aspens:

- _Populus adenopoda_ – Chinese aspen (China, south of _P. tremula_)
- _Populus davidiana_ – Korean aspen (Eastern Asia)
- _Populus grandidentata_ – Bigtooth aspen (eastern North America, south of _P. tremuloides_)
- _Populus sieboldii_ – Japanese aspen (Japan)
- _Populus tremula_ – Eurasian aspen (northern Europe and Asia)
- _Populus tremuloides_ – Quaking aspen or trembling aspen (northern and western North America)

### American aspen

***Populus tremuloides*** is the American aspen. It is common in temperate and colder regions of North America.

It forms large stands (groups) of genetically-identical trees (clones) connected by a single underground root system. Such trees form through root sprouts coming off an original parent tree. The largest-known fullyconnected aspen is a grove in Utah, nicknamed "Pando", and some experts call it the largest organism in the world, by mass or volume. It covers 0.43 km<sup>2</sup> (106 acres) and is estimated to weigh .

### European aspen

***Populus tremula*** is a species of poplar that is native to the cool amd temperate regions of Europe and Asia from the British Isles to the Kamchatka Peninsula, and from the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia and northern Russia to central Spain, Turkey, the Tian Shan Mountains, North Korea, and northern Japan. It also occurs at one site in northwesten Africa, in Algeria. In the south of its range, it occurs at high altitudes in mountains.

It is a hardy species and tolerates long, cold winters and short summers. Aspen is dioecious and so individual trees are either male or female (most other trees are monoecious and so have male and female flowers occur on the same tree). Flowering occurs in March and April, before the leaves appear, and both male and female trees produce catkins. Pollinated female catkins ripen in early summer and release tiny seeds, which are tufted with hairs.

Like other aspens, it has as its main method of reproduction is vegetative (asexual). It spreads extensively by root sprouts, which may be produced up to 40 m from the parent tree. They form extensive clonal colonies. Large numbers of new shoots can be produced in this way, especially after a major disturbance such as fire.

## Other websites

- Bioimages: Populus grandidentata bigtooth aspen
Iyyampalayam

**Iyyampalayam** is a panchayat town in Dindigul district  in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. There also exists another village by the same name, in the Erode district in Tamil Nadu. For the Ayyampalaym in Erode district, see here: Ayyampalayam, Erode district. There is another village of the same name near Manachanallur in Trichy district.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Iyyampalayam had a population of 12,131. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Iyyampalayam has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 56% of the males and 44% of females literate. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.Coconuts and Mangoes are  the main production in this village. This village is located at the bottom of Kodaikanal.  Marudanadi dam is very nearer to  this village and through which around   of lands gets irrigated.

An ancient Muthalamman Temple festival is very famous in this village. This festival was  headed by Alappa gowder and their family members every year. This takesplaces for three days Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. Wednesday night is the most important day of the festival, during that day they bring silk cloth covered goddess statue from Thevarapanpatti and removing this silk cloth and eye opening and decorate the goddess in Alappa gowder's temple house and then only it goes to the temple where festival  begins and final Friday aarathi was also taken by Alappa gowder family to the goddess as send of function. Sadayandi swami petti festival is also equivalently important.  Periya Iyyanar temple on the bank of Marudanadi river is also a worth seeing place.   Pandit Nehru Portrait was given divine status in this temple proves this village people are very patriotic by birth.

Persons from this village have  joined in the INA  founded by Nethaji Subash Chandra Bose.  The forefathers of Dr.Subramania Siva lived in this village. Pongal festival during the month of January, jallikattu competition will be held with great enthusiasm.

This village is well connected by road.  N.P.Ramasamy Memorial Higher Secondary School caters to the needs of this village education.
Kenny G

**Kenneth Bruce Gorelick** (born June 5, 1956), better known by his stage name **Kenny G**, is an American adult contemporary and smooth jazz saxophonist. His fourth album, _Duotones_, brought him breakthrough success in 1986. Kenny G is the biggest-selling instrumental musician with global sales totaling more than 75 million records.

## Early life

Kenny G was born in Seattle, Washington, to Jewish parents and grew up in the city's Seward Park neighborhood, which is a center of the city's Jewish community. His mother was originally from Saskatchewan, Canada. He came into contact with a saxophone when he heard someone performing with one on _The Ed Sullivan Show_. He started playing the saxophone in 1966 when he was 10 years old. He learned how to play under the direction of trumpeter Gerald Pfister and by practicing along with records (mostly of Grover Washington, Jr.). His first saxophone was a Buffet Crampon alto.

## Personal life

Kenny G married Lyndie Benson-Gorelick in 1992, and the couple had two sons. In January 2012, Benson-Gorelick filed for legal separation. Kenny G filed for divorce in August 2012.

Kenny G lives in Malibu, California. He has been an avid golfer, with a handicap of +0.6. He had participated in the AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am tournament seven times as of 2007 and teamed with Phil Mickelson to share the AT&T pro-am title in 2001 with the team of Tiger Woods and Jerry Chang. In the Golf Digest rankings of Top 100 in Music, according to golf handicap indexes of musicians, he was first in 2002 and second in 2006. He has been a member at Sherwood Country Club in Thousand Oaks, California.

Kenny G is an aircraft pilot and has a De Havilland Beaver seaplane that he flies regularly.  He was also an early investor in the Starbucks coffee house chain.

## Other websites

- Kenny G at Myspace
- Kenny G at Legacy Recordings
- Kenny G  at VH1.com
- Kenny G Interview – Billboard en Español
- [ Kenny G] at Allmusic

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kenny G
- **image**: KennyGHWOFMay2013.jpg
- **caption**: Kenny G in May 2013
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Kenneth Bruce Gorelick
- **alias**: Kenny G
- **origin**: Seattle, Washington, US
- **instrument**: **Primary:**
 Soprano saxophone
 **Secondary:**
 Alto saxophone
 Tenor saxophone
 Flute
- **genre**: Smooth jazz
Adult contemporary
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter, record producer
- **years active**: 1973–1982 (group)
1982–present (solo)
- **label**: Arista Records, Arista<small> (1982–2006)</small>
Concord<small> (2008–present)</small>
- **associated acts**: Robin Thicke, Foster the People
- **website**: [http://www.kennyg.com/ www.kennyg.com]
Git

**Git** () is a distributed revision control system. It is a computer program that helps people create other computer programs together. Git was made to be fast. It was created by Linus Torvalds for use in developing the Linux kernel which he also created. Git's current development is looked after by Junio Hamano. It is free and open source software released under the GNU General Public License version 2 software license.

## References

- Notes

## Other websites

- Git Community Book
- Introduction to git-svn for Subversion/SVK users and deserters  by Sam Vilain
- Git for computer scientists
- Git Magic: a comprehensive listing of Git tips & tricks
- Git Quick Reference
- Linus Torvalds hosting a Google Tech Talk on Git

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Git
- **logo**:
- **screenshot**: Git session.svg
- **caption**: A command-line session showing repository creation, addition of a file, and remote synchronization
- **author**: Linus Torvalds
- **developer**: Junio Hamano and others
- **programming language**: C (programming language), C, Shell (computing), Shell, Perl, Tcl
- **operating system**: POSIX (Linux, macOS, Solaris (operating system), Solaris, AIX), Microsoft Windows, Windows
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Version control
- **license**: GNU General Public License, GPL-2.0-only
Masolino da Panicale

**Masolino da Panicale** (common name _Tommaso di Cristoforo Fini_, born around 1383 in Panicale, died 1447 in Florence) was an Italian painter. He is commonly known as **Masolino**. Among his best-known works are frescoes in the Brancacci Chapel, and a madonna called **Madonna and Child with St. Anne**. He painted the madonna together with another artist, commonly known as Masaccio.

## Related pages

- Italian Renaissance art
- List of Italian painters
Got 2 Luv U

"**Got 2 Luv U**" is a duet with Jamacican reggae singer Sean Paul and American R&B singer Alexis Jordan. The music video was filmed by Ben Mor. It peaked at number-one in Switzerland while it peaked at number 20 on _Billboard_s Rap Songs chart.

## Charts

|Chart (2011)|Peak position|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Australia (ARIA Urban)|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|Italy (FIMI)|align="center"|94||
|Luxembourg (_Billboard_)|style="text-align:center;"|3||
|Poland (Dance Top 50)|style="text-align:center;"|2||
|Spain (Airplay Chart)|style="text-align:center;"|2||
|US _Billboard_ Hot 100|style="text-align:center;"|84||
|US Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles (_Billboard_)|style="text-align:center;"|2||
|US Rap Songs (_Billboard_)|style="text-align:center;"|20||
|US Latin Pop Songs (_Billboard_)|style="text-align:center;"|39||
|Venezuela Pop Rock General (Record Report)|style="text-align:center;"|1||
|scope="col"|Chart (2012)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Spanish Airplay Chart (Promusicae)|style="text-align:center;"|1||

### Year-end charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2011)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Austrian Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|3||
|French Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|5||
|German Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|7||
|Polish Dance Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|8||
|Romania (Romanian Top 100)|align="center"|50||
|Spanish Singles Chart|align="center"|49||
|Swiss Singles Chart|align="center"|6||

|scope="col"|Chart (2012)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Poland (ZPAV)|style="text-align:center;"|4||
|Spain (PROMUSICAE)|style="text-align:center;"|41||
Rohingya people

The **Rohingya** are an Aryan ethnic group of Southeast Asia, considered as Gypsy of Burma. They are Muslims. They live in the Arakan State in western Myanmar (or Burma), and in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in south-eastern Bangladesh. They are not citizens of either Burma or Bangladesh.

Starting from 2017, many Rohingya refugees began to arrive in Bangladesh in order to escape the genocide against them in Myanmar.

## History

The Rohingya say that they are native to the region now known as Arakan. They are the product of the mixing of different cultures.

The Rohingya are quite different than other people in Burma. While most people in Burma are Buddhist and speak Burmese, the Rohingya are Muslim and speak the Rohingya language, which is quite similar to the Bengali language spoken in the neighboring country of Bangladesh. Because of these differences, a lot of people look down on the Rohingya and treat them wrong. They are worried that the Rohingya are not loyal to Burma and will try to take over the country, even though Rohingya are outnumbered by other groups.

The Burmese government does not like the Rohingya people. They say that the Rohingya are Bengalis and do not belong in the country. Because of this, Rohingyas cannot do things that other people in Burma can, such as go to school and vote.

In the 2010s, the Burmese government started to put the Rohingya in concentration camps and not allow them to leave. They also took away their ID cards so that they can't say that they were seen as Burmese citizens in the past.

In 2017, the Burmese army started burning down Rohingya villages. They also killed a lot of Rohingya men and said that they were part of terrorist groups. However, most Rohingya are not involved in terrorism and just want to live peaceful lives.

In Bangladesh, a mass-Circumcision, Sünnet like was done for Rohingya Muslim boys.
Tanuma Okitsugu

**** (September 11, 1719, Edo, Japan – August 25, 1788, Edo) was a senior counselor (_rōjū_) of the Tokugawa shogunate.  He is known for the introduction of monetary reform.

## Daimyo

Tanuma was also a daimyo of the Sagara han.  He used the title Tonomo-no-kami.

## Shogunate leader

The administration of Tanuma was marked by corruption and by inflation of currency.

In 1784 (_Tenmei_ 4), Okitsugu's son was assassinated in front of his father inside Edo Castle. The involvement of senior figures in the _bakufu_ was suspected, but only the assassin was punished.  The result was that liberal reforms and the relaxation of the national isolation policy _sakoku_ were stopped.

## Related pages

- Matsudaira Sadanobu

## More reading

- Hall, John Whitney. (1955). _Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719–1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan._ Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 445621
Rakhine State

**Rakhine State** is a state on the western coast of Myanmar. It is next to Bangladesh.

## Etymology

The term _Rakhine_ may have come from the Pali word "Rakkhapura" from "Rakkhita" meaning the land of the people of Rakhasa (Rakhasa > Rakkha > Rakkhaing > Rakhaing) who were given this name in honor of their preservation of their national heritage and ethics or morality. The word Rakhine means, "one who maintains his own race." In the Rakhine language, the land is called _Rakhinepray_, the ethnic Rakhine are called _Rakhinetha_.

Arakan, used in British colonial times, is believed to be a Portuguese corruption of the word Rakhine that is still popularly used in English. Many English language users no not use the name changes made by the military government.
Rakhaing people

**Arakanese** is a nationality in Myanmar; they  form the majority along the coastal region of present-day Rakhine State or Arakan State. They possibly constitute 5.53% or more of Myanmar's total population but no accurate census figures exist. Arakanese or Rakhine people also live in the southeastern parts of Bangladesh, especially in Chittagong and Barisal Divisions. A group of Arakanese descendants, living in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh at least since the 16th century, are known as the **Marma people**. These Arakanese descendants have been living in that area since the Arakanese kingdom's control of the Chittagong region.

Arakanese descendants spread as far north as Tripura state in India, where their presence dates back to the ascent of the Arakanese kingdom when Tripura was ruled by Arakanese kings. In northeast India, these Arakanese people are referred to as the Mog, while in Bengali, the Marma (the ethnic Arakanese descendants in Bangladesh) and other Arakanese people are referred to as the Magh people.
Tenmei

was a Japanese era name (年号, _nengō_, lit. year name), also known as _Temmei_, after _An'ei_ and before _Kansei._  This period started in April 1781 and ended in January 1789.  During this time, the emperor was .

The _nengō_ _Tenmei_ means "Heavenly Radiance". The kanji means "dawn" or "daybreak".

## Events of the _Tenmei_ era

- **1782** (_Tenmei 2_): Great _Tenmei_ Famine began.
- **1782** (_Tenmei 2_): The emperor received a written study of silver currency in China and Japan.  The work was made by Minamoto no Masatsuna.
- **1783** (_Tenmei 3_):  erupted in Shinano Province and loss of life was estimated at 20,000+.
- **1783** (_Tenmei 3_): Famine was worse; food reserves used up
- **1784** (_Tenmei 4_): Nationwide events honored Kōbō-Daishi who was the founder of Shingon Buddhism.  Kōbō-Daishi died 950 years earlier.
- **1784** (_Tenmei 4_): The son of Tanuma Okitsugu was assassinated in Edo Castle.
- **17 September 1786** (_Tenmei 6, 25th day of the 8th month_): Shogun Tokugawa Ieharu died and was buried in Edo.
- **1787** (_Tenmei 7_): Tokugawa Ienari became the 11th shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate.
- **1787** (_Tenmei 7_): Matsudaira Sadanobu becomes the shogunate's senior official (_rōjū_).
- **1787** (_Tenmei 7_): Kutsuki Masatsuna published _Seiyō senpu_ (_Notes on Western Coinage_).
- **1788** (_Tenmei 7_): Riots in rice shops in Edo and Osaka.
- **1788** (_Tenmei 8_): Great Fire of Kyoto; the Imperial Palace was destroyed.

## Related pages

- Edo period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Tenmei|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|8th|9th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1781|1782|1783|1784|1785|1786|1787|1788||
Capitals of Brazil

The **capital of Brazil** is Brasília, a planned city that was built to be the capital of the country. Before that, Brazil had two other capital cities: Salvador (1549–1763) and Rio de Janeiro (1763–1960).

## Salvador

Salvador was established in 1549 by Thome da Sousa.  It became the capital of Brazil.

The city became the seat of the Catholic primate of Brazil.

## Rio de Janeiro

The Portuguese colonial administration moved south to Rio de Janeiro in 1763. Rio was the capital of the Viceroyalty of Brazil.

In 1807 the Portuguese royal family fled Lisbon when Napoleon I of France invaded Portugal. The Portuguese royal capital was temporarily moved from Europe to Rio de Janeiro.

After the Brazil became an independent nation in 1822, Rio continued to be the capital of the Empire of Brazil.

When the Republic of Brazil was established in 1889, Rio was its capital also.

## Brasilia

Brasília became the federal capital on April 21, 1960.
Walter Raleigh

**Sir Walter Raleigh** (c. 1554–29 October 1618) was an English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, spy, and explorer. He helped make tobacco popular in England, especially among people in the royal court.

Raleigh was born to a Protestant family in East Budleigh, in Devon, the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine Champernowne. Walter Raleigh was married to a woman called Elizabeth Throckmorten. He had 3 sons named Damerei Raleigh, Walter Raleigh and Carew Raleigh.

In 1594, Raleigh heard of a "City of Gold" in South America and sailed to find it, writing an exaggerated story of his trip in a book. He explored North Carolina all the way down to Florida. This book made people believe in the legend of "El Dorado". After Queen Elizabeth died in 1603, Raleigh was put in prison because he was accused of trying to overthrow King James I, who did not like Raleigh. In 1616, he was released to go look for El Dorado again. This was unsuccessful, and Raleigh's men attacked a Spanish outpost. He returned to England. The Spanish were upset, so to calm them, England arrested Raleigh and executed him by beheading (decapitation) on 29 October 1618.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Sir Walter Raleigh
- **image**: Sir Walter Ralegh by 'H' monogrammist.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait of Sir Walter Raleigh inscribed right: _Aetatis suae 34 An(no) 1588_ ("In the year 1588 of his age 34") and left: with his motto _Amore et Virtute_ ("By Love and Virtue"). National Portrait Gallery, London, NPG 7
- **birth date**: (or 1554)
- **birth place**: Hayes Barton, East Budleigh, Devon, Kingdom of England, England
- **death date**: (aged )
- **death place**: London, Kingdom of England, England
- **alma mater**: Oriel College, Oxford
- **nationality**: English
- **occupation**: Writer, poet, soldier, courtier, explorer
- **spouse**: Elizabeth Raleigh, Elizabeth Throckmorton
- **children**: Damerei, Walter (Wat), Carew Raleigh (1605–1666), Carew
- **signature**: Sir Walter Raleigh Signature.svg
Rings of Uranus

The **rings of Uranus** are planetary rings (circles of rock and dust) around the planet Uranus. There are 13 rings in total. In order of increasing distance from Uranus, they are: 1986U2R/ζ, 6, 5, 4, α, β, η, γ, δ, λ, ε, ν and μ.

Nine rings were found on 10 March 1977 by James L. Elliot, Edward W. Dunham and Douglas J. Mink. Scientists found two more rings in 1986 in images from the Voyager 2 spacecraft and two outer rings in 2003–2005 in images from the Hubble Space Telescope.

Most of the rings are only a few kilometres wide and are very dark. Most rings are made of rocks 0.2–20 meters wide. But some rings are made of very small dust particles. The closest ring is 38,000 km away from the center of Uranus and the furthest ring is 98,000 km away.

Scientists think that the rings are at not more than 600 million years old. The ring system was created when several moons crashed together. After crashing, the moons broke up into many pieces and made rings. People may discover more rings in the future.
R rating

An **R rating** is a rating given to multimedia. It usually means that people under the age of 17 require an accompanying parent or adult guardian in order to watch it. The rating means different things in different countries:
- R rating, a rating of the Canadian Home Video Rating System
- R rating, a rating of the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system
- R rating, a rating of the Office of Film and Literature Classification in Australia
- R18 certificate, a rating by the British Board of Film Classification usually for pornography
Excision (musician)

**Excision** (real name: **Jeff Abel**) (born 1986 in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada) is a dubstep DJ and music boss. His signature sound takes influence from the morphing basslines of the drum and bass genre, the aggressive energy of heavy metal, and the laid back vibes of hip hop. Excision is also cited as being one of the first dubstep producers and DJs in North America, he has also played a significant role in the genre's growth in popularity. His first release was in 2007. Excision was asked by Pendulum to remix their 2009 single “Showdown.” His musical recordings from the Shambhala Music Festival in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 have also received over a million downloads which are available for free. He is known to work frequently with fellow Canadian producers Datsik and Downlink.

## Other websites

- Excision's Official website
Populus

***Populus*** is a genus of trees common in the northern hemisphere. They are often called just **poplars**. The genus has 25–35 species in three sub-groups, which are called **poplars**, **aspens**, and **cottonwoods**.

The September 2006 issue of _Science_ announced that the Western balsam poplar (_P. trichocarpa_) was the first tree to have its full DNA code sequenced.

## Reproduction

The flowers are mostly dioecious (rarely monoecious) and appear in early spring before the leaves. They are borne in long, drooping catkins. The male flower has a group of 4–60 stamens on a disk. The female flower is a single-celled ovary in a cup-shaped disk.

Pollination is by wind. The fruit is a two-to-four-valved capsule, is green to reddish-brown, and matures in the mid-summer. It contains tiny light brown seeds surrounded by tufts of long, soft, white hairs, which help wind dispersal.

## Ecology

Poplars of the cottonwood section are often wetlands or riparian trees. The aspens are among the most important boreal broadleaf trees.

Poplars and aspens are important food plants for the larvae of many Lepidoptera species. _Pleurotus populinus_, the aspen oyster mushroom, is found exclusively on dead wood of _Populus_ trees in North America.
Overseas departments of France

France currently has five **overseas departments** (), which are departments (territorial divisions) that are outside the European part of the country. All are officially part of France, with the same political status as the departments in Europe; and are therefore different to overseas territories. They are also part of the European Union and use the Euro as currency. They are:

|Flag|Department|Prefecture|Region|Since|Instrument|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||French Guiana ()|Cayenne|South America|19 March 1946|Parliamentary resolution|
||Guadeloupe ()|Basse-Terre|Caribbean|19 March 1946|Parliamentary resolution|
||Martinique ()|Fort-de-France|Caribbean|19 March 1946|Parliamentary resolution|
||Mayotte ()|Mamoudzou|Africa|31 March 2011|Referendum|
||Réunion ()|Saint-Denis|Africa|19 March 1946|Parliamentary resolution|
Since 2003, these departments are now officially called overseas regions (), but this name has yet to be widely adopted. Each region returns elected representatives to the Senate and National Assembly in Paris. A total of three members are elected to the European Parliament to represent overseas France, including overseas departments and overseas territories. Since 1974, these regions have had their own individual regional councils for local government.

## Other websites

- Ministry of the overseas departments and territories
- History of France’s overseas administrative divisions
Pope Gregory XI

**Pope Gregory XI** (; 1331 –27 March 1378), born **Pierre Roger de Beaufort**, was a French cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 201st Pope from 1370 until his death.

He was the seventh and last of the popes who lived in Avignon in France.

## Early life

Pierre Roger de Beaufort was born in 1331 in Limousin in France. The Rosier or Roger family were important in Limousin in central France.

Beaufort was a nephew of Pope Clement VI.

## Cardinal

Clement VI raised Beaufort to the rank of cardinal in 1348.

## Pope

Cardinal Beaufort was elected pope in 1370; and he chose to be called Gergory XI.  He was ordained as a priest on January 4, 1371; and was crowned pope on the following day, January 5, 1371

In 1377, Gregory XI was persuaded by Catherine of Siena to return to Rome.  He reestablished the papacy in Italy.

Gregory is also remembered as the Pope who condemned John Wycliffe.

### Western Schism

When Gregory died on March 27, 1378, the cardinals in Rome elected an Italian-born pope named Urban VI as his successor.

In Avignon, the cardinals elected a French-born pope who they named Clement VII.

The Western Schism begins with the dispute between the supporters of the Italian-born pope and the French-born pope.

## Related pages

- List of popes
- List of popes from the Roger family
- Avignon Papacy

## Other websites

- "Gregory XI"/Gregory_XI), _Encyclopædia Britannica_, 1911
- Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Gregory XI
- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church , Cardinal Roger de Beaufort

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: pope
- **name**: Gregory XI
- **image**: Portrait of Pope Gregory XI.png
- **birth name**: Pierre Roger de Beaufort
- **birth date**: 1331
- **birth place**: Limousin, France
- **death place**: Rome
- **term start**: December 30, 1370
- **term end**: March 27, 1378
- **predecessor**: Pope Urban V
- **successor**: Pope Urban VI
- **other**: Gregory
Cantinflas

**Mario Fortino Alfonso Moreno Reyes** (12 August 1911 – 20 April 1993), known by the stage name **Cantinflas** (), was a Mexican comedian and stage and movie actor. He often played poor peasants. He became associated with Mexico, and had a long, successful movie career, including some time in Hollywood. Charlie Chaplin once said that Moreno  was the best comedian alive, and Moreno has been called the "Charlie Chaplin of Mexico". To audiences in the United States, he is best remembered as costarring with David Niven in _Around the World in 80 Days_ (1956).

Moreno also was involved in Mexico's labor politics, which were often dangerous. Although he was a political conservative, his reputation as somebody who spoke for the poor made him seem real, and became important in the early struggle against charrismo, the one-party government's practice of taking over unions.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Cantinflas
- **image**: Mario Moreno - Cantinflas.jpg
- **caption**: Cantinflas in 1964
- **birth name**: Mario Alfonso Fortino Moreno Reyes
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **years active**: 1937–82
- **spouse**: Valentina Ivanova (1936–66)
- **website**: http://www.cantinflas.tv