juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
(It's Just) The Way That You Love Me

"**(It's Just) The Way That You Love Me**" is a song recorded by American singer and dancer Paula Abdul for her debut album _Forever Your Girl_ (1988). Written and produced solely by producer Oliver Leiber.

## Track listings and formats

**US 12"**
1. "The Way That You Love Me" (12" remix)
1. "The Way That You Love Me" (7" dub)
1. "The Way That You Love Me" (Houseafire mix)

**US cassette**
1. "The Way That You Love Me" (7" Radio edit)
1. "The Way That You Love Me" (7" dub)

**US promo/Euro 5"/3" CD singles**
1. "The Way That You Love Me" (7" Radio edit)
1. "The Way That You Love Me" (12" remix)
1. "The Way That You Love Me" (7" dub)
1. "The Way That You Love Me" (Houseafire mix; on the Euro 3" single, this mix is faded early, at 2:53)

### Official mixes

- Album version – 5:21
- LP edit – 4:02 (re-released in 1989 used on Version 2 of video)
- 7" radio edit – 4:07
- Single mix – 4:00 (Shorter version of 7", omits spoken part)
- 12" extended remix – 6:55
- 7" dub – 5:11
- Houseafire Mix – 6:35
- Housefire Edit – 4:42
- Housefire Short Edit – 2:53
- UK Remix – 5:44
- 7" Dance Edit – 5:03

#### Original release

|scope="col"|Chart (1988)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|76||||
|88||||
|7||||

#### Re-release

|scope="col"|Chart (1989)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|9|||
|align="center"|2|||

### Year-end charts

|scope="col"|Chart (1989)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|84||||
|86||||

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: (It's Just) The Way That You Love Me
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Paula Abdul
- **album**: Forever Your Girl
- **released**: August 2, 1988
September 15, 1989 (re-release)
- **recorded**: October 1987
- **length**: 5:21 (album version)
4:01 (single version)
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin
- **writer**: Oliver Leiber
- **producer**: Oliver Leiber
- **prev title**: Knocked Out
- **prev year**: 1988
- **next title**: Straight Up (Paula Abdul song), Straight Up
- **next year**: 1988
Straight Up (Paula Abdul song)

"**Straight Up**" is a song by American singer and dancer Paula Abdul from her debut studio album, _Forever Your Girl_ (1988). It was written and produced by Elliot Wolff.  Virgin Records released the song as the album's third single on November 22, 1988.

## Track listings and formats

- **Australia 12-inch single**
1. "Straight Up" (Ultimix)
1. "Opposites Attract" (1990 mix)
1. "Straight Up" (single version)

- **French 12-inch vinyl**
1. "Straight Up" (12-inch remix)
1. "Straight Up" (Power mix)
1. "Straight Up" (House mix)
1. "Straight Up" (Marley Marl mix)

- **US 12-inch single**
1. "Straight Up" (12-inch remix)
1. "Straight Up" (Power mix)
1. "Straight Up" (House mix)

- **Japanese mini-CD single**
1. "Straight Up"
1. "Cold Hearted"

## Credits and personnel

Credits are adapted from the liner notes of _Forever Your Girl_.
- Elliot Wolff – songwriter, producer, arrangement, LinnDrum programming, synthesizer programming, synthesizers
- Keith "K.C." Cohen – producer, recording, mixing
- Josh Schneider – assistant engineer
- Annette Cisneros – assistant engineer
- Peter Arata – mixing assistant
- Paula Abdul – lead vocals, background vocals
- Delissa Davis – background vocals
- Dann Huff – overdrive guitar
- Dan Hersch – mastering

### Weekly charts

|Chart (1988–1989)|Peak position|
| --- | --- |
|align="center"|1|
|align="center"|2|
|align="center"|1|
|align="center"|3|
|align="center"|2|
|align="center"|8|
|align="center"|2|
|1||
|4||

### Year-end charts

|Chart (1989)|Position|
| --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center;"|46|
|style="text-align:center;"|25|
|style="text-align:center;"|9|
|style="text-align:center;"|16|
|style="text-align:center;"|16|
|style="text-align:center;"|16|
|style="text-align:center;"|9|
|style="text-align:center;"|16|
|style="text-align:center;"|31|
|style="text-align:center;"|4|
|style="text-align:center;"|48|
|style="text-align:center;"|17|

## Release history

|scope="col"|Region|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Format(s)|scope="col"|Label(s)|scope="col"||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|November 22, 1988||rowspan="2"|Virgin|||||||
|February 20, 1989||||||||||

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Straight Up
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Paula Abdul
- **album**: Forever Your Girl
- **b-side**: Opposites Attract
- **released**: November 22, 1988
- **recorded**: 1988
- **genre**: * Dance-pop
* new jack swing
* Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **length**: 4:11
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin
- **writer**: Elliot Wolff
- **producer**: Elliot Wolff
- **prev title**: (It's Just) The Way That You Love Me
- **prev year**: 1988
- **next title**: Forever Your Girl (song), Forever Your Girl
- **next year**: 1989
Forever Your Girl (song)

"**Forever Your Girl**" is a song by American singer Paula Abdul from her debut studio album, _Forever Your Girl_ (1988). The song was written and produced by Oliver Leiber, with additional production by Keith "K.C." Cohen. Virgin Records released it as the album's fourth single on February 20, 1989.

## Track listings

**7-inch and cassette single**
- A. "Forever Your Girl" (remix) – 4:12
- B. "Next to You" – 4:26

**US 12-inch single**
- A1. "Forever Your Girl" (12-inch version) – 6:33
- A2. "Forever Your Girl" (Yo! Greg dub version) – 5:45
- B1. "Forever Your Girl" (Saunderson-Grosse House of Love mix) – 6:33
- B2. "Straight Up" (Kevin Saunderson club mix) – 6:52
- B3. "Next to You" – 4:26

**UK and Australian 12-inch single**
- A1. "Forever Your Girl" (12-inch version) – 6:33
- B1. "Next to You" – 4:26
- B2. "Straight Up" (Kevin Saunderson club mix) – 6:52

**UK mini-CD single**
1. "Forever Your Girl" (7-inch remix version) – 4:05
1. "Straight Up" (7-inch version) – 3:50
1. "Next to You" – 4:26
1. "Forever Your Girl" (12-inch version) – 6:33

**Australian cassette single**
- A1. "Forever Your Girl" (remix)
- A2. "Straight Up" (Kevin Saunderson club mix)
- B1. "Forever Your Girl" (12-inch version)
- B2. "Next to You"

**Japanese mini-CD single**
1. "Forever Your Girl (フォーエバー・ユア・ガール)"
1. "State of Attraction (ステイト・オブ・アトラクション)"

## Credits and personnel

Credits are adapted from the liner notes of _Forever Your Girl_.

- Oliver Leiber – songwriter, producer, arrangement, drum programming, keyboards, guitar
- Keith "K.C." Cohen – producer, mixing
- Steve Weise – engineering
- Paula Abdul – lead vocals, background vocals
- St. Paul – bass, organ
- Troy Williams – saxophone
- The Wild Pair – background vocals
- Tami Day – background vocals
- Lucia Newell – background vocals
- Jeff Lorber – additional drum programming, keyboards
- Dan Hersch – mastering

### Weekly charts

|scope="col"|Chart (1989)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|51||||
|1||||
|30||||
|9||||
|2||||
|9||||
|1||||

### Year-end charts

|Chart (1989)|Position|
| --- | --- |
|22||
|30||

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Forever Your Girl
- **border**: yes
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Paula Abdul
- **album**: Forever Your Girl
- **b-side**: Next to You"
- **released**: February 20, 1989
- **recorded**: November 1987January 1988
- **genre**: * Dance-pop
* new jack swing
* Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **length**: 4:58
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin
- **writer**: Ta Mara and the Seen, Oliver Leiber
- **producer**: Oliver Leiber
- **prev title**: Straight Up (Paula Abdul song), Straight Up
- **prev year**: 1988
- **next title**: Cold Hearted
- **next year**: 1989
Ninth constituency for French residents overseas

The **ninth constituency for French residents overseas** () is an overseas constituency of France. It represents North Africa and the northern parts of West Africa.

## Election results

|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-

- MoDem dissident, not endorsed by Ensemble Citoyens

|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-

Horizons dissident, not endorsed by Ensemble Citoyens

## Infobox (french constituency)

- **name**: 9th constituency for French residents overseas
- **image**: Neuvieme circonscription francais etranger.svg
- **member-type**: Deputy
- **member**: Karim Ben Cheïkh
- **member-party**: Génération.s, G.s
- **department**: _None_ (Constituencies for French residents overseas, overseas residents)
- **canton**: _None_
- **census-date**: 2011
- **voters**: 133,936
Marc Barthel

**Marc Ulrich Barthel** (born October 4, 1989) known mononymously as **Jesse D'Lane**, is a singer, actor, songwriter and dubbing actor from Berlin, Germany. He was one of the lead and former members of a German boy band named Part Six, which slightly looks like US5.

## Career

Marc started his career as a singer and a member of boy band Part Six. He released a number of studio albums and singles with the band.

Marc also became an actor and starred in a lot of films in Germany.

## Life

Marc married dated his girlfriend Anna at 2018 and a son was born a year later. They married later at 2020. They are currently living at Hamburg.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Marc Barthel
- **image**: Marc Barthel in Miami.jpg
- **caption**: Marc Barthel in Miami on 2016
- **birth name**: Marc Ulrich Barthel
- **alias**: Jesse D'Lane
- **birth place**: Berlin, Germany
- **occupation**: Singer, actor, voice actor
- **years active**: 2001-present
- **past member of**: Part Six
Cold Hearted

"**Cold Hearted**" is a song by American singer and dancer Paula Abdul, released in 1989 by Virgin Records from her debut album, _Forever Your Girl_ (1988). It was written and co-produced by Elliot Wolff.

## Track listings

**Non-UK 7-inch and cassette single**
1. "Cold Hearted" – 3:34
1. "One or the Other" – 4:10

**US 12-inch single**
- A1. "Cold Hearted" (Quiverin' 12-inch) – 5:10
- A2. "Cold Hearted" (7-inch edit) – 3:30
- B1. "Cold Hearted" (Chillin' Bass dub) – 4:06
- B2. "Cold Hearted" (a cappella) – 1:04
- B3. "Cold Hearted" (instrumental) – 4:02

**Canadian, European, and Australian 12-inch single**
- A1. "Cold Hearted" (extended version) – 6:50
- A2. "Cold Hearted" (Cold Hearted House mix) – 6:41
- B1. "Cold Hearted" (dubstramental) – 5:41
- B2. "Cold Hearted" (percapella) – 4:10
- B3. "One or the Other" – 4:11

**Japanese maxi-CD single**
1. "Cold Hearted" (extended version)
1. "Knocked Out" (extended version)
1. "Straight Up" (extended version)
1. "Forever Your Girl (extended version)

**Japanese mini-CD single**
1. "Straight Up"
1. "Cold Hearted"

**UK 7-inch and cassette single**
1. "Cold Hearted" (Chad Jackson 7-inch remix)
1. "Cold Hearted" (US 7-inch remix)

**UK 12-inch single**
- A1. "Cold Hearted" (Chad Jackson extended remix)
- B1. "Cold Hearted" (Chad Jackson Ambient mix)
- B2. "Cold Hearted" (Chad Jackson Breaks and Beats mix)

**UK 12-inch picture disc**
- A1. "Cold Hearted" (Cold Hearted House mix)
- B1. "Cold Hearted" (dubstramental)
- B2. "Cold Hearted" (US 7-inch version)

**UK CD single**
1. "Cold Hearted" (Chad Jackson 7-inch mix)
1. "Cold Hearted" (Chad Jackson extended remix)
1. "Cold Hearted" (percapella)
1. "Cold Hearted" (7-inch edit)
- Note: Track three is mislabeled as the 12-inch extended mix on the liner notes, and track four is not listed at all.

## Personnel

- Paula Abdul: Vocals
- Dann Huff: Guitars
- Elliot Wolff: Keyboards, synthesizers, drum programming

## Production

- Arranged and produced by Elliot Wolff; co-produced by Keith "KC" Cohen
- Recorded and mixed by Keith "KC" Cohen

### Weekly charts

|scope="col"|Chart (1989–1990)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|68||||
|1||||
|7||||
|17||||

### Year-end charts

|scope="col"|Chart (1989)|scope="col"|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|13||||
|15||||
|6||||

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Cold Hearted
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Paula Abdul
- **album**: Forever Your Girl
- **b-side**: One or the Other
- **released**: (US)
- **genre**: *Dance-pop
*new jack swing
*Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin
- **writer**: Elliot Wolff
- **producer**: Elliot Wolff
- **prev title**: Forever Your Girl (song), Forever Your Girl
- **prev year**: 1989
- **next title**: Opposites Attract
- **next year**: 1989
Tenth constituency for French residents overseas

The **tenth constituency for French residents overseas** () is an overseas constituency of France. It represents 48 countries, including every country in the Middle East and most countries in Africa.

## Election results

|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-

- Horizons dissident

## Infobox (french constituency)

- **name**: 10th constituency for French residents overseas
- **image**: Dixieme circonscription francais etranger.svg
- **member-type**: Deputy
- **member**: Amal Amélia Lakrafi
- **member-party**: Renaissance (French political party), RE
- **department**: none (Constituencies for French residents overseas, overseas residents)
- **canton**: none
- **census-date**: 2011
- **voters**: 140,310
Opposites Attract

"**Opposites Attract**" is a song by American singer and dancer Paula Abdul from her debut album, _Forever Your Girl_ (1988). It was written and produced by Oliver Leiber. The music video of the song introduces MC Skat Kat, and some of the Stray Mob members, Micetro, Fatz, and Taboo, all of which are created by Michael Patterson and Candace Reckinger, and voiced by Derrick Stevens, and Squeak and Romany Malco of the College Boyz, respectively.

## Track listings and formats

- **7-inch and cassette single**
1. "Opposites Attract" (7-inch) – 3:45
1. "One or the Other" (LP version) – 4:08

- **US and Australian 12-inch single**
1. "Opposites Attract" (Street mix) – 4:28
1. "Opposites Attract" (12-inch mix) – 5:40
1. "Opposites Attract" (dub version) – 6:25
1. "Opposites Attract" (Magnetic mix) – 4:01
1. "Opposites Attract" (club mix) – 6:01
1. "Opposites Attract" (Party dub) – 3:09

- **Japanese CD single**
1. "Opposites Attract"  – 3:46
1. "(It's Just) The Way That You Love Me"  – 4:03

- **UK and Australian CD single**
1. "Opposites Attract" (Street mix) – 4:28
1. "One or the Other" (LP version) – 4:08
1. "Opposites Attract" (club mix) – 6:01
1. "Opposites Attract" (Party dub) – 3:09

- **UK 12-inch single**
1. "Opposites Attract" (Street mix) – 4:28
1. "Opposites Attract" (Party dub) – 3:10
1. "The Paula Abdul Megamix" ("Straight Up"/"Cold Hearted"/"The Way That You Love Me"/"Forever Your Girl"/"Knocked Out")

## Credits and personnel

Credits and personnel are adapted from _Forever Your Girl_ album liner notes.
- Paula Abdul – lead vocals
- The Wild Pair (Bruce DeShazer and Marv Gunn) – lead vocals
- Oliver Leiber – writer, producer, drum programming, keyboard, guitar
- Keith "K.C." Cohen – mixing at Skip Saylor Studio (Los Angeles)
- Pete Martinsen – engineering
- Russell Bracher – engineering
- Jeff Lorber – engineering, additional drum programming
- Cliff Jones – engineering
- Yvette Marine – background vocals
- Patti Brooks – background vocals

### Weekly charts

|Chart (1989–1990)|Peak position|
| --- | --- |
|1||
|1||
|7||
|5||
|6||

### Year-end charts

|Chart (1990)|Position|
| --- | --- |
|6||
|29||
|13||
|22||
|29||
|83||
|44||
|44||
|40||
|25||
|14||
|40||

### Decade-end charts

|Chart (1990–1999)|Position|
| --- | --- |
|30||

## Release history

|scope="col"|Region|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Format(s)|scope="col"|Label(s)|scope="col"||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|November 17, 1989||Virgin||||||||
|March 26, 1990||rowspan="2"|Siren|||||||
|April 16, 1990||||||||||

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Opposites Attract
- **border**: yes
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Paula Abdul
- **album**: Forever Your Girl
- **b-side**: One or the Other
- **genre**: *Hip hop music, Hip hop
*new jack swing
*Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **length**: *  (album version)
*  (radio edit, single version)
- **label**: Virgin Records, Virgin
- **writer**: Oliver Leiber
- **producer**: Oliver Leiber
- **chronology**: Paula Abdul
- **prev title**: Cold Hearted
- **prev year**: 1989
- **next title**: Rush Rush (Paula Abdul song), Rush Rush
- **next year**: 1991
Eleventh constituency for French residents overseas

The **eleventh constituency for French residents overseas** () is an overseas constituency of France. It represents 49 countries, which are all located in either Asia, Eastern Europe or Oceania. It does not include Bhutan or North Korea, however, because France does not have any diplomatic relations with either of those two countries.

By area, it is the largest of the 11 overseas constituencies of France.

## Infobox (french constituency)

- **name**: 11th constituency for French residents overseas
- **image**: Onzieme circonscription francais etranger.svg
- **member-type**: Deputy
- **member**: Anne Genetet
- **member-party**: Renaissance (French political party), RE
- **department**: none (Constituencies for French residents overseas, overseas residents)
- **canton**: none
- **census-date**: 2011
- **voters**: 114,826
Overseas constituencies of the Italian Parliament

The **overseas constituencies** () are two multi-zone constituencies for the Italian Parliament, one for the Chamber of Deputies (the lower house) and one for the Senate (the upper house). They represent Italian people living outside of Italy.

## List

- Overseas (Chamber of Deputies constituency)
- Overseas (Senate of the Republic constituency)
Overseas (Chamber of Deputies constituency)

**Overseas** () is an overseas constituency of Italy. It represents Italian people living outside of Italy.

## Members

|width=35% colspan="3"|District|width=20% colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Party|width=25% rowspan="2"|Deputy|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="3"||style="background:" width=1%||Lega|Simone Billi|
|style="background:" width=1%||Five Star Movement|Federica Onori|||
|style="background:" width=1%||Democratic Party|Toni Ricciardi|||
|rowspan="2"||style="background:" width=1%||Democratic Party|Fabio Porta|
|style="background:" width=1%||MAIE|Franco Tirelli|||
|rowspan="2"||style="background:" width=1%||FdI|Andrea Di Giuseppe|
|style="background:" width=1%||Democratic Party|Christian Diego Di Sanzo|||
||style="background:" width=1%||Democratic Party|Nicola Carè||

## Infobox (constituency)

- **name**: Overseas
- **type**: Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Chamber of Deputies
Electoral
- **image**: Circoscrizioni 2017 - Estero - Suddivisioni.svg
- **electorate**: 4,230,854 (2018)
- **year**: 2000
- **seats**: 8
Overseas (Senate of the Republic constituency)

**Overseas** () is an overseas constituency of Italy. It represents Italian people living outside of Italy.

## Members

|width=35% colspan="3"|District|width=20% colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Party|width=25% rowspan="2"|Senator|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||style="background:" width=1%||Democratic Party|Andrea Crisanti||
||style="background:" width=1%||MAIE|Mario Borghese||
||style="background:" width=1%||Democratic Party|Francesca La Marca||
||style="background:" width=1%||Democratic Party|Francesco Giacobbe||

## Infobox (constituency)

- **name**: Overseas
- **type**: Senate of the Republic (Italy), Senate of the Republic
Electoral
- **image**: Circoscrizioni 2017 - Estero - Suddivisioni.svg
- **electorate**: 5.8 million (2018)
- **year**: 2000
- **seats**: 4
Kyphosichthys

***Kyphosichthys*** (Greek for "bent fish") is an extinct genus of freshwater actinopterygian fish known from the lower Middle Triassic marine deposits in Luoping in eastern Yunnan Province in southwestern China. Its only species is ***Kyphosichthys grandei***.

## Description

_Kyphosichthys_ has a large, arched hump between the head and the dorsal fin. _Kyphosichthys_ was probably a slow swimmer but highly maneuverable.

## Related pages

- List of prehistoric bony fish genera

## References

1. <small>Xu, G. -H.; F.- X., Wu. (2011). "A deep-bodied ginglymodian fish from the Middle Triassic of eastern Yunnan Province, China, and the phylogeny of lower neopterygians". _Chinese Science Bulletin_. **57**: 111–118. doi:10.1007/s11434-011-4719-1.</small>

|Taxon identifiers|
| --- |
|* Wikidata: Q1795139 * Fossilworks: 215139 * GBIF: 8622591 * IRMNG: 11911395|
Get Low

"**Get Low**" is the third single off of American rap group Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz's fourth studio album _Kings of Crunk_. The song was released on February 18, 2003. The song also features American hip hop duo Ying Yang Twins.

The song was able to make it to #1 on the Hot Rap Songs, #2 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100, #2 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, #2 on the Rhythmic, and #10 on the Mainstream Top 40 charts. It was also certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI).

The song is about going to a strip club, getting drunk and telling the strippers to dance for them.

A music video for the song was released. In the video, Lil Jon goes to the strip club and tells them to leave. Ing Yang Twins are rapping and getting their hair cut at a barbershop. Women dance in a locker room and Lil Jon watches two women boxing in a pool. The video is filled with women twerking and dancing erotically.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Get Low
- **artist**: Lil Jon, Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz featuring Ying Yang Twins
- **album**: Kings of Crunk
- **released**: February 18, 2003
- **recorded**: 2002
- **length**: 5:34
4:31 (radio)
- **label**: TVT Records, TVT
- **producer**: Lil Jon
Al-Kamil

**Al-Kamil** (Arabic: الكامل) (full name: **al-Malik al-Kamil Naser ad-Din Abu al-Ma'ali Muhammad**) (c. 1177 – 6 March 1238) was a leader from a place called Kurdistan, and he followed the Muslim religion. He was in charge of a country called Egypt and was the fourth ruler from a group known as the Ayyubids. This group was important in the history of the area.

When he was in charge, there was a big fight called the Fifth Crusade. The Ayyubids, the group he led, were able to win this fight against people from Europe called crusaders. The European crusaders called him "Meledin."

Later on, there was another fight, the Sixth Crusade. During this time, he gave control of a city called West Jerusalem to the Christian people. He even met a famous religious person named Saint Francis.

Al-Kamil was known for these important events in history.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Nasir ad-Din Muhammad
- **title**: Al-Malik al-Kamil
- **image**: Al-Kamil Muhammad al-Malik and Frederick II Holy Roman Emperor.jpg
- **caption**: Frederick II (left) meets al-Kamil (right)
- **succession**: Sultan of Egypt
- **reign**: 1218 – 6 March 1238
- **predecessor**: Al-Adil I
- **successor**: Al-Adil II
- **succession1**: Sultan of Damascus
- **reign1**: 1238
- **predecessor1**: As-Salih Ismail (Ayyubid emir), As-Salih Ismail
- **successor1**: Al-Adil II
- **issue**: As-Salih Ayyub
Al-Adil II
- **full name**: al-Malik al-Kamil Naser ad-Din Abu al-Ma'ali Muhammad
- **house**: Ayyubid dynasty, Ayyubid
- **house-type**: Dynasty
- **father**: Al-Adil I
- **birth date**: c. 1177
- **birth place**: Cairo, Ayyubid Sultanate
- **death date**: 6 March 1238 (aged c. 61)
- **death place**: Damascus, Ayyubid Sultanate, Ayyubid Damascus Sultanate
- **religion**: Sunni Islam
Sultan of Egypt

The **Sultan of Egypt** was a title given to the leaders of Egypt after the Ayyubid dynasty of Saladin began ruling in 1174. This continued until Egypt was taken over by the Ottomans in 1517.

The extent of the Egyptian Sultan's power changed over time, but it usually included areas like Sham and Hejaz. Because of this, the Ayyubid and later Mamluk sultans were also seen as the rulers of Syria. From 1914, the title was used again by the leaders of the Muhammad Ali dynasty of Egypt and Sudan. Later, in 1922, it was changed to the title of King of Egypt and Sudan.

## Ayyubid dynasty

Before Saladin became powerful, Egypt was the main place for the Shia Fatimid Caliphate. This was the only time in Islamic history when the Shia branch of Islam ruled a caliphate. The Fatimids had wanted to replace the Sunni Abbasid Caliphate in Iraq for a long time. Like the Abbasid group, they also called themselves Caliphs. This showed they thought they were at the highest level in Islam.

But when Saladin became strong in 1169, Egypt changed back to being Sunni and following the Abbasid Caliphate. Saladin saw the Abbasid Caliph as his leader in theory. In 1174, Saladin became a Sultan instead of a Caliph. From this time until the Ottoman takeover, the highest power in the caliphate was with the Sultan of Egypt.
Demographics of Australia

The people of Australia have diverse ethnic origins. The territory of what today is Australia was first inhabited by numerous indigenous peoples. The first European settlers came during the period of British colonization, beginning in the 16th century. Following independence from United Kingdom in the 20th century, numerous migration waves took place. Most of these migrants came from Europe and Asia. A few of them came from Africa

## Official data

Although the Australian Bureau of Statistics does not collect data on race or ethnicity, each census asks Australian residents to indicate up to two ancestries. These ancestry responses are categorised into broad standardised ancestry groups. Immigration minister Andrew Giles has promised to include a question on ethnicity in the 2026 Australian census.

## Ancestral groups

At the 2021 census, the ancestry responses categorised as European were 57.2% (46% North-West European and 11.2% Southern and Eastern European), Asian ancestral groups were 17.4% (6.5% Southern and Central Asian, 6.4% North-East Asian and 4.5% South-East Asian), North African and Middle Eastern groups were  3.2%, Peoples of the Americas were 1.4% and Sub-Saharan African groups were 1.3%. Also at the 2021 census, 3.2% of the Australian population identified as being Indigenous — Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders. The Northern Territory has the highest proportion of Indigenous Australians, with 26.3%  identifying as Indigenous.

The proportion of ancestry responses categorised within Oceanian ancestry groups is 33.8% of the total population. 29.9% are in the "Australian" ancestry group.  Most of them are at least partially Anglo-Celtic or other European ancestry. The population of European descent was estimated at 72% or 76% in 2018.
Aditya-L1

**Aditya-L1** is a coronagraphy spacecraft planned to study the solar atmosphere, currently operated by the Indian Space Research Organization (**ISRO**) and being designed and developed by various other indian research institutes.It will be inserted into a halo orbit around the L1 point between the Earth and the Sun where it will interact with the solar atmosphere, solar magnetic storms and the environment around Earth and will study the effect.

The main scientific objectives are coronal heating, solar wind acceldration, coronal magnetometry, generation and monitoring of near-UV solar radiation and continuous observation of the photosphere, chromosphere and corona, and the Sun's magnetic field.

## Launch

Successful launch of Aditya-L1 spacecraft from the second launch pad of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C57) at Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC) at 11:50 hrs (IST) on 2 September 2023 was completed at Sriharikota.

## Infobox (spaceflight)

- **name**: Aditya-L1
- **mission type**: Solar observation
- **operator**: ISRO
- **mission duration**: 5.2 years (planned)
1 day (elapsed)
- **image**: File:Aditya L1.png
- **spacecraft**: PSLV-XL/C-57
- **spacecraft type**: PSLV
- **spacecraft bus**: I-1K
- **manufacturer**: ISRO / IUCAA /IIA
- **launch mass**: 1,475 kg (3,252 lb)
- **payload mass**: 244 kg (538 lb)
- **launch date**: 2 September 2023, 11:50 IST (06:20 UTC)
- **launch rocket**: PSLV-XL
- **launch site**: Satish Dhawan Space Centre
- **launch contractor**: ISRO
- **orbit reference**: Sun-Earth L1
- **orbit regime**: Halo orbit
- **orbit period**: 177.86 days
- **orbit epoch**: January 2024 (planned)
Mount Bromo

**Mount Bromo**, also known as the **Bromo**, is a stratovolcano in East Java, Indonesia. It is part of the Tengger mountains and is important to Javanese Hindus. It is 2,329 meters tall. It is famous for its beauty. Mount Bromo is located in a protected park and many tourists come to see its shape and eruptions. It is surrounded by a large sandy area called the "Sea of Sand."

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount Bromo
- **photo**: Bromo-Semeru-Batok-Widodaren.jpg
- **photo caption**: View of Mount Bromo, Mount Semeru, Mount Batok, and Mount Widodaren, Tengger Caldera
- **elevation m**: 2329
- **listing**: Ribu, Spesial Ribu
- **location**: Java, Indonesia
- **map**: Indonesia Java#Indonesia
- **label position**: right
- **type**: Somma volcano
- **last eruption**: 21 March 2019 (ongoing)
Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema

**Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema** is a Gabonese politician and military officer. He became the Transitional President of Gabon by replacing his cousin, Ali Bongo Ondimba and putting him under house arrest in a 2023 coup. He then won the 2025 presidential election by a wide margin.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Brice Oligui
- **honorific prefix**: Brigadier General
- **office**: Transitional President of Gabon
- **primeminister**: Raymond Ndong Sima
- **term start**: 4 September 2023
- **predecessor**: Ali Bongo Ondimba
- **office1**: Chairman of the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions
- **term start1**: 30 August 2023
- **predecessor1**: _Position established_
- **office2**: Commander-in-Chief of the Gabonese Republican Guard
- **term start2**: 2020
- **predecessor2**: Grégoire Kouna
- **birth place**: Ngouoni, Haut-Ogooué Province, Gabon
- **allegiance**:
 Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions
- **rank**: Brigadier general
- **alma mater**: Omar Bongo University
Meknes Royal Military Academy
Mask Off

"**Mask Off**" is the second single off of American rapper Future's fifth studio album _Future_. The song was released on February 17, 2017.

The song was able to make it to #11 on the Rhythmic, #2 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and #28 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 charts. It was also certified 9× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

In the song, Future raps about his struggle with drug addiction, mainly percocet and molly. He also raps about his rise from being poor and how he now has expensive items.

A music video for the song was released. It was directed by Colin Tilley. In the video, Future is driving in a car with model Amber Rose. He drives through a city on fire. People are rioting and commiting crime all over the city. Future raps on the roof of a cheque cashing place while police and SWAT members fight with rioters. The rioters then dance behind Future and he raps and walks down the street.

The song gained more popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'S recommendation to wear protective masks. Future and the FreeWishes Foundation donated more than 100,000 masks during the pandemic through his "Mask On" campaign.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Mask Off
- **artist**: Future (rapper), Future
- **album**: Future (Future album), Future
- **released**: February 17, 2017
- **recorded**: 2016
- **genre**: Hip hop, Trap music, trap
- **length**: 3:23 (original)
4:21 (Kendrick Lamar remix)
2:59 (Marshmello remix)
- **label**: A1 Recordings, A1, Freebandz, Epic Records, Epic
- **writer**: Future (rapper), Nayvadius Wilburn, Metro Boomin, Leland Wayne, Tommy Butler
- **producer**: Metro Boomin
Puffin on Zootiez

"**Puffin on Zootiez**" (written in all caps) is a song off of American rapper Future's ninth studio album _I Never Liked You_. The song was released on April 29, 2022.

The song was able to make it to #2 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and #28 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 charts. It was also certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

In the song, Future raps about his rise from being poor and how he now has expensive items. He also raps about him smoking Zooties which is a brand of cannabis.

A music video for the song was released. It was directed by Nick Walker. In the video, Future is rapping in a dimly-lit room and while standing in street. He also raps while standing on some scaffolding. The video is shot with many picture-in-picture effects and is very hazy to represent him being high.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Puffin on Zootiez
- **artist**: Future (rapper), Future
- **album**: I Never Liked You (album), I Never Liked You
- **released**: April 29, 2022
- **genre**: Hip hop, Trap music, trap
- **length**: 2:52
- **label**: Freebandz, Epic Records, Epic
- **writer**: Future (rapper), Nayvadius Wilburn, Nils Noehden, TM88, Bryan Simmons, Lesidney Ragland
- **producer**: Nils, TM88, Too Dope
Ngarchelong

**Ngarchelong** is a state in Palau. It is at the norther tip of the island of Babeldaob. Only the state of Kayangel is farther north than Ngarchelong.

## Demography

According to the 2020 census of Palau, 384 people live in the state. The median age of the people living in the state is 37.2 years. The official languages of the state are Palauan and English. The high chief from the state is called uongerchetei.

With a population slightly under 390 people (2020), it is the fifth most populated of Palau's sixteen states/ It is ranked thirteenth in area with only about  of land. The village of Mengellang is the capital of the state. The villiage is in the south of the state. Mengellang and Ollei are the main population centers of the state.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ngarchelong
- **settlement type**: States of Palau, State
- **image skyline**: Badrulchau Stone Monoliths 3.JPG
- **image caption**: Badrulchau Stone Monoliths
- **image flag**: Flag of Ngarchelong.svg
- **flag alt**: Flag of Ngarchelong
- **image map**: Ngarchelong in Palau.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Ngarchelong in Palau
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Mengellang
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 10
- **population total**: 316
- **population as of**: 2015 Census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Official languages
- **population blank1**: Palauan language, Palauan
English language, English
- **iso code**: PW-218
Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Chamber of Deputies constituency)

**Friuli-Venezia Giulia** is a constituency of Italy. It was created in 1994. It represents the entire region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

## Infobox (constituency)

- **name**: Friuli-Venezia Giulia
- **parl name**: Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Chamber of Deputies
- **image**: Collegi elettorali 2018 - Camera circoscrizioni - Friuli-Venezia Giulia.svg
- **region**: Friuli-Venezia Giulia
- **population**: 1 197 392
- **towns**: Trieste
Udine
Pordenone
Gorizia
- **area**: 7 924,36 km²
- **year**: 1994
- **seats**: 13 (1994-2020)

8 (since 2020)
Aosta Valley (Chamber of Deputies constituency)

**Aosta Valley** (, ) is a constituency of Italy. It represents the Aosta Valley region. It was created in 1946.

Aosta Valley is the only single-member constituency in Italy. It is elected using first-past-the-post voting.

## Infobox (constituency)

- **name**: Aosta Valley
- **type**: Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Chamber of Deputies
Electoral
- **image**: Collegi elettorali 2018 - Camera circoscrizioni - Valle d'Aosta.svg
- **region label**: Region
- **region**: Aosta Valley
- **electorate**: 99,547 (2018)
- **towns**: Aosta
- **year**: 1946
- **seats**: 1
Raorchestes munnarensis

The **Munnar bush frog** (_Raorchestes munnarensis_) is a frog.  It lives in India.  Scientists have seen it in Devikulam and Munnar in the Western Ghat mountains, between 1400 and 2000 meters above sea level.

Scientists say this frog is in danger of dying out because it lives in only a small place, and people are still changing it in ways that make it harder for the frog to live there. For example, people build farms to grow tea and eucalyptus. People might hit this frog with cars. Climate change might also kill this frog. This frog's home includes two protected parks: Eravikulam National Park and Anamalai Tiger Reserve. Scientists think about half the frogs live in these two places.

Scientists have seen the fungus _Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis_ on other frogs in _Raorchestes_, so they think it could make _R. munnarensis_ sick too. _Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis_ causes the fungal disease chytridiomycosis.
Abruzzo (Chamber of Deputies constituency)

**Abruzzo** is a constituency of Italy. It represents the region of Abruzzo. It was created in 1993.

## Members

|width=20% colspan="3"|District|width=12% colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Electoral list|width=12% rowspan="2"|Deputy|width=24% colspan="4"|Parliamentary group|width=1% rowspan="2"||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||style="background:" width=1%||Centre-right coalition|Antonio Martino|style="background:" width=1%||colspan=3|Forza Italia||||
||style="background:" width=1%||Five Star Movement|Antonio Zennaro|style="background:" width=1%||Five Star Movement|style="background:" width=1%||League||
||style="background:" width=1%||Five Star Movement|Andrea Colletti|style="background:" width=1%||Five Star Movement|style="background:" width=1%||Mixed Group — Alternativa||
||style="background:" width=1%||Five Star Movement|Daniele Del Grosso|style="background:" width=1%||colspan=3|Five Star Movement||||
||style="background:" width=1%||Five Star Movement|Carmela Grippa|style="background:" width=1%||colspan=3|Five Star Movement||||
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="11"|Source: Ministry of the Interior|||||||||||

|width=20% colspan="3"|District|width=12% colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Party|width=12% rowspan="2"|Deputy|width=24% colspan="4"|Parliamentary group|width=1% rowspan="2"|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="5"||style="background:" width=1%||Five Star Movement|Gianluca Vacca|style="background:" width=1%||colspan="3"|Five Star Movement||
|style="background:" width=1%||Five Star Movement|Daniela Torto|style="background:" width=1%||colspan="3"|Five Star Movement||||
|style="background:" width=1%||Democratic Party|Camillo D'Alessandro|style="background:" width=1%||Democratic Party|style="background:" width=1%||Italia Viva||
|style="background:" width=1%||Forza Italia|Gianfranco Rotondi|style="background:" width=1%||colspan="3"|Forza Italia||||
|style="background:" width=1%||League|Giuseppe Ercole Bellachioma|style="background:" width=1%||colspan="3"|League||||
|rowspan="4"||style="background:" width=1%||Five Star Movement|Valentina Corneli|style="background:" width=1%||colspan="3"|Five Star Movement||
|style="background:" width=1%||Five Star Movement|Fabio Berardini|style="background:" width=1%||Five Star Movement|style="background:" width=1%||Coraggio Italia||
|style="background:" width=1%||Democratic Party|Stefania Pezzopane|style="background:" width=1%||colspan="3"|Democratic Party||||
|style="background:" width=1%||League|Luigi D'Eramo|style="background:" width=1%||colspan="3"|League||||
|style="text-align:left;" colspan="11"|Source: Ministry of the Interior||||||||||

## Infobox (constituency)

- **name**: Abruzzo
- **parl name**: Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Chamber of Deputies
- **image**: Collegi elettorali 2018 - Camera circoscrizioni - Abruzzo.svg
- **region label**: Region
- **region**: Abruzzo
- **electorate**: 1,045,163 (2018)
- **towns**: Chieti, L'Aquila, Pescara, Teramo
- **year**: 1993
- **seats**: 14
Kaliningrad constituency

**Kaliningrad** (; **No. 97**) is a constituency of Russia. It is in the Kaliningrad Oblast.

## Infobox (russian constituency)

- **name**: Kaliningrad single-member constituency
- **image**: Gosduma OIK 097.png
- **member-type**: Deputy
- **member**: Andrey Kolesnik
- **member-party**: United Russia
- **federal-subject**: Kaliningrad Oblast
- **districts**: Baltiysk, Guryevsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, Guryevsky, Kaliningrad (Leningradsky Administrative District, Kaliningrad, Leningradsky), Krasnoznamensky District, Krasnoznamensky, Nemansky District, Nemansky, Pionersky, Kaliningrad Oblast, Pionersky, Polessky District, Polessky, Slavsky District, Slavsky, Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Sovetsk, Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Svetlogorsk, Svetly, Kaliningrad Oblast, Svetly, Yantarny, Kaliningrad Oblast, Yantarny, Zelenogradsky District, Zelenogradsky
- **other-territory**: Greece, Tajikistan
- **voters**: 421,259 (2021)
40 Eridani

**40 Eridani**, in short terms, **40 Eri** and named as **Keid**, is a triple star system in the constellation of Eridanus,  it is located about 16.3 light-years away from the Sun.

The main star of the system, 40 Eridani A (Keid A) is easily visible to the naked eye. It is orbited by a binary star, two stars orbiting each other and both of them orbiting the main star. The star system was discovered on January 31, 1783, by astronomer William Herschel.
School's Out (song)

"**School's Out**" is a 1972 song by Alice Cooper and is the title track to his studio album _School's Out_. It is his signature song and went to number 1 in the United Kingdom and made the top 10 in Ireland, New Zealand, the Netherlands, the United States, Canada, Germany and Norway. It went on to be covered by Krokus.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: School's Out
- **caption**: Cover of the 1972 US single
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Alice Cooper (band), Alice Cooper
- **album**: School's Out (album), School's Out
- **b-side**: Gutter Cat
- **recorded**: 1972
- **label**: Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros.
- **producer**: Bob Ezrin
- **prev title**: Be My Lover (Alice Cooper single), Be My Lover
- **prev year**: 1972
- **next title**: Elected (song), Elected
- **next year**: 1972
Laura Nurmsalu

**Laura Nurmsalu** is an archer from Estonia. She was born on 1 June 1994. She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Laura Nurmsalu
- **birth place**: Tartu, Estonia
- **sport**: Archery
- **event**: Recurve bow, Recurve
- **show-medals**: yes
- **updated**: 10 September 2015
Kaliningrad Central constituency

**Central** (; **No. 98**) is a constituency of Russia. It is in the Kaliningrad Oblast.

## Infobox (russian constituency)

- **name**: Central single-member constituency
- **image**: Gosduma OIK 098.png
- **member-type**: Deputy
- **member**: Marina Orgeyeva
- **member-party**: United Russia
- **federal-subject**: Kaliningrad Oblast
- **districts**: Kaliningrad: Moskovsky Administrative District, Kaliningrad, Moskovsky, Tsentralny Administrative District, Kaliningrad, Tsentralny, , , Bagrationovsky District, Bagrationovsky, Gvardeysky District, Gvardeysky, Guryevsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, Guryevsky (southern part), Gusevsky District, Gusevsky, Ozyorsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast, Ozyorsky District, Nesterovsky District, Nesterovsky, Pravdinsky District, Pravdinsky, Chernyakhovsky District, Chernyakhovsky
- **other-territory**: Moldova (Chisinau-2)
- **voters**: 441,070 (2021)
Sakhalin constituency

**Sakhalin** (; **No. 167**) is a constituency of Russia. It includes all of Sakhalin Oblast. It is the only Russian constituency that is entirely made up of islands.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **id**: Q7797
- **zoom**: 4


## Infobox (russian constituency)

- **name**: Sakhalin single-member constituency
- **image**: Gosduma OIK 167.png
- **member-type**: Deputy
- **member**: Georgy Karlov
- **member-party**: United Russia
- **federal-subject**: Sakhalin Oblast
- **districts**: Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky District, Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky, Anivsky District, Anivsky, Dolinsky District, Dolinsky, Kholmsky District, Sakhalin Oblast, Kholmsky District, Korsakovsky District, Sakhalin Oblast, Korsakovsky, Kurilsky District, Kurilsky, Makarovsky District, Makarovsky, Nevelsky District, Sakhalin Oblast, Nevelsky, Nogliksky District, Nogliksky, Okhinsky District, Okhinsky, Poronaysky District, Poronaysky, Severo-Kurilsky District, Severo-Kurilsky, Smirnykhovsky District, Smirnykhovsky, Tomarinsky District, Tomarinsky, Tymovsky District, Tymovsky, Uglegorsky District, Uglegorsky, Yuzhno-Kurilsky District, Yuzhno-Kurilsky, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
- **other-territory**: Latvia (Riga)
- **voters**: 381,883 (2021)
Reena Pärnat

**Reena Pärnat** is an archer from Estonia. She was born on 1 December 1993. She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Reena Pärnat
- **nationality**: Estonian
- **sport**: Archery
Rob Elder

**Rob Elder** is an archer from Fiji. He was born on 25 April 1981. Elder competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics, 2012 Summer Olympics and 2016 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **nationality**: Fijian
- **birth place**: Suva
- **sport**: Archery
- **event**: Men's individual
- **updated**: 19 April 2013
Miika Aulio

**Miika Aulio** is a archer from Finland. He was born on 19 November 1975. Aulio competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Miika Aulio
- **nationality**: Finnish
- **sport**: Archery
- **birth place**: Helsinki, Finland
Ismo Falck

**Ismo Kalevi Falck** is a retired archer from Finland. He was born on 22 August 1966. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **birth place**: Paltamo, Kainuu, Finland
Matti Hatava

**Matti Hatava** is an archer from Finland. He was born on 10 March 1981. Hatava competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (athlete)

- **name**: Matti Hatava
- **club**: Tampereen Jousiampujat
- **birth place**: Lappeenranta, Finland
- **highestranking**: 340
- **updated**: August 13, 2008
Asteriornis

***Asteriornis*** is an extinct genus of bird from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium. It is known from a single species called _Asteriornis maastrichtensis_.

It was closely related to birds of the living superorder Galloanserae, such as chickens and ducks. Members of the genus were small, long-legged birds (~394 g).

They lived near the coastline with more "primitive" types of birds such as _Ichthyornis. Asteriornis_ is one of the oldest-known birds: it definitely  belongs to the group Neornithes, the modern birds.

It has features of both galliformes (chicken-like birds) and anseriformes (duck-like birds). This shows its position as a close relative of the last common ancestor for both groups.
Institute for Fiscal Studies

**The Institute for Fiscal Studies** (**IFS**) is an economic research institute. It is based in London, England. The institute studies British taxation and public policy.   It publishes policy-reports and academic articles. It also produces a peer-reviewed quarterly journal, called _Fiscal Studies_.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: The Institute for Fiscal Studies
- **image**: Institute for Fiscal Studies, London.JPG
- **caption**: Offices of the IFS in London
- **status**: Non-profit company
- **purpose**: To inform public debate on economics, via establishment of rigorous independent research, in order to promote the development of effective fiscal policy.
- **location**: London,
- **leader title**: Director
- **leader name**: Paul Johnson (economist), Paul Johnson
- **main organ**: IFS Council
(President: Gus O'Donnell)
- **affiliations**: Economic and Social Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)
Who Got da Props

"**Who Got da Props?**" is the first single off of American hip hop group Black Moon's first studio album _Enta da Stage_. The song was released on October 22, 1992.

The song was able to make it to #28 on the Hot Rap Singles, #28 on the Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales, #60 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and #86 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 charts. The song was ranked #25 by Complex's list of _50 Best Debut Rap Singles_ and #98 on _Rolling Stone_'s list of _100 Best East Coast Hip-Hop Songs of All Time_.

In the song, Buckshot of Black Moon raps about how he is respected in hip hop with the lyric "who got da props?". He also raps about how he came from how he was once poor but is now rich and how he is better than other rappers in the genre.

A music video for the song was released. It features Black Moon rapping and dancing with other men in a back alley.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Who Got da Props?
- **artist**: Black Moon (group), Black Moon
- **album**: Enta da Stage
- **released**: October 22, 1992
- **recorded**: 2016
- **genre**: East Coast hip hop, underground hip hop
- **length**: 4:03
- **label**: Nervous Records (US), Nervous Records
- **writer**: Buckshot (rapper), Kenyatta S. Blake, DJ Evil Dee, Ewart C. Dewgarde
- **producer**: DJ Evil Dee