juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Electrolysis of water

**Electrolysis of water** is the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen gas. This technique can be used to produce breathable oxygen or hydrogen gas as a fuel source, referred to as hydrogen fuel. However, that method is more expensive than the industrial way to produce hydrogen fuel from natural gas.

This is what is referred to as a non-spontaneous reaction which requires impetus.

At the cathode, reduction (in this case, the gain of electrons) occurs. At the anode, oxidation (in this case, the loss of electrons) occurs. The half-equations for the electrolysis of pure water or without the presence of an acid or a base is shown below.

- the reduction at cathode: 2 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(_l_)</sub> + 2e<sup>−</sup> → H<sub>2(_g_)</sub> + 2 OH<sup>−</sup><sub>(_aq_)</sub>

- the oxidation at anode: 2 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(_l_)</sub> → O<sub>2(_g_)</sub> + 4 H<sup>+</sup><sub>(_aq_)</sub> + 4e<sup>−</sup>
Note that some textbooks or sources may show the half-equations with H<sup>+</sup> and OH<sup>−</sup> as the reactants for the half-equations, but that is inaccurate due to the low autoionization of water.

Normally, the reaction is balanced with either an acid or a base as shown in the equations below.

- the reduction at cathode: 2 H<sup>+</sup><sub>(_aq_)</sub> + 2e<sup>−</sup> → H<sub>2</sub><sub>(_g_)</sub>

- the oxidation at anode: 2 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(_l_)</sub> → O<sub>2(_g_)</sub> + 4 H<sup>+</sup><sub>(_aq_)</sub> + 4e<sup>−</sup>

That two reactions are half reactions. They are balanced with an acid. Commonly hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid is used. However, the half reactions can also be balanced with a base, for example with sodium hydroxide.

- the reduction at cathode: 2 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(_l_)</sub> + 2e<sup>−</sup> → H<sub>2(_g_)</sub> + 2 OH<sup>−</sup><sub>(_aq_)</sub>

- the oxidation at anode: 4 OH<sup>−</sup><sub>(_aq_)</sub> → O<sub>2(_g_)</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(_l_)</sub> + 4 e<sup>−</sup>

Combining one pair of half reactions leads to an overall reaction, which is then the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen.

- complete reaction: 2 H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(_l_)</sub> → 2 H<sub>2(_g_)</sub> + O<sub>2(_g_)</sub>
Bringing Down the House

***Bringing Down the House*** is a 2003 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about a working tax attorney who tries to turn his life around. Steve Martin plays Peter. Queen Latifah plays Charlene. Joan Plowright plays Virginia.

The movie received mixed to negative reviews from critics. It made quite a bit of money anyway.
Bottnaryd

**Bottnaryd** is a locality in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2010, 713 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Bottnaryd
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Jönköping Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jönköping County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Småland
- **area total km2**: 0.83
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 713
- **population density km2**: 856
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Lekeryd

**Lekeryd** is a locality in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2010, 817 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lekeryd
- **image skyline**: Lekeryds kyrka.jpg
- **image caption**: Lekeryd Church
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Jönköping Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jönköping County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Småland
- **area total km2**: 0.70
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 817
- **population density km2**: 1168
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Odensjö

**Odensjö** is a locality in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2010, 2,495 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Odensjö
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Jönköping Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jönköping County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Småland
- **area total km2**: 1.82
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 2,495
- **population density km2**: 1370
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Öggestorp

**Öggestorp** is a locality in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2010, 212 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Öggestorp
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Jönköping Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jönköping County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Småland
- **area total km2**: 0.31
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 212
- **population density km2**: 688
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Ölmstad

**Ölmstad** is a locality in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2010, 296 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ölmstad
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Jönköping Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jönköping County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Småland
- **area total km2**: 0.43
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 296
- **population density km2**: 687
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Örserum

**Örserum** is a locality in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2010, 322 people were living there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Örserum
- **image skyline**: Lägergården Högaberg.jpg
- **image caption**: Salvation Army Scout Association camp Högaberg, located off Örserum
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Jönköping Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jönköping County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Småland
- **area total km2**: 0.45
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 322
- **population density km2**: 713
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Taberg

**Taberg** is a locality in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2010, 4,392 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Taberg
- **image skyline**: Taberg från toppen.jpg
- **image caption**: Taberg in October 2007
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Jönköping Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jönköping County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Småland
- **area total km2**: 3.49
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 4,392
- **population density km2**: 1257
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Tunnerstad

**Tunnerstad** is a locality on the island of Visingsö in the Lake of Vättern in Jönköping Municipality in Jönköping County in Sweden. In 2017, 310 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Tunnerstad
- **image skyline**: Tunnerstad skylt.jpg
- **image caption**: Tunnerstad in October 2005
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Jönköping Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jönköping County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Småland
- **area total km2**: 1.02
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 295
- **population density km2**: 290
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Memphis Belle

***Memphis Belle*** is a 1990 war movie. It is about an aircraft named _Memphis Belle_ and its crew. Matthew Modine plays Captain Dennis Dearborn. Billy Zane plays Val. John Lithgow plays Bruce.

The movie was released in October 1990. It got mixed reviews from critics.
Bob Rivers

**Bob Rivers** (born July 7, 1956 died March 11, 2025) is an American radio actor and personality. He spent almost six years working at WAAF in Worcester, Massachusetts. He has also hosted at other radio stations in Seattle and in Baltimore.

One of the first parodies Rivers produced was "Breakin' Up is Hard on You". That was about the Bell System Breakup. His 1987 album _Twisted Christmas_ had the song "Twelve Pains of Christmas". He later had other Christmas parody albums.

Rivers was born in Branford, Connecticut.

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Robert Rivers
- **birth place**: Branford, Connecticut
- **occupation**: Radio Host/Musician
- **years active**: 1987–2025
- **spouse**: Lisa Rivers
- **children**: Keith Rivers, Andrew Rivers
- **website**: www.bobrivers.com
MS Norman Atlantic

**MS _Norman Atlantic**_ is a ferry. It transports both people and vehicles. It was built in 2009. It can take 850 passengers and 200 vehicles. Its original names were _Akeman Street_ and _Scintu_. It was renamed _Norman Atlantic_ in January 2014.

On 28 December 2014, _Norman Atlantic_ caught fire in the Strait of Otranto, in the Adriatic Sea. Eight people were killed and 432 were rescued.
Latrell Sprewell

**Latrell Sprewell** is a retired American professional basketball player. His nickname was "Spree".

He was selected 24th overall in the 1992 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors. He started 69 of the 77 games in his rookie season and averaged 15.4 points per game.

During his time as a professional, Sprewell was named to the yearly NBA All-Star game four times. He also helped the New York Knicks reach the NBA Finals and the Minnesota Timberwolves to the Western Conference finals.

Despite the accomplishments, his career was overshadowed in 1997 because he choked coach P. J. Carlesimo during a practice. Sprewell's career came to an unexpected end in 2005 when he refused a $21-million three-year contract offer from the Timberwolves.

## Infobox (basketball biography)

- **name**: Latrell Sprewell
- **career number**: 15, 8
- **career position**: Shooting guard / Small forward
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 5
- **weight lbs**: 195
- **nationality**: American
- **birth place**: Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- **college**: University of Alabama (1990–1992)
- **draft year**: 1992
- **draft round**: 1
- **draft pick**: 24
- **draft team**: Golden State Warriors
- **career start**: 1992
- **career end**: 2005
- **years1**: 1992–1997
- **team1**: Golden State Warriors
- **years2**: 1998–2002
- **team2**: New York Knicks
- **years3**: 2003–2004
- **team3**: Minnesota Timberwolves
- **highlights**: * 5× NBA All-Star (1994-1997, 2001)
* All-NBA First Team (1993)
* NBA All-Defensive Second Team (1993)
* NBA All-Rookie Second Team (1992)
- **stats league**: NBA
- **stat1label**: Point (basketball), Points
- **stat1value**: 16,712 (18.3 ppg)
- **stat2label**: Assist (basketball), Assists
- **stat2value**: 3,664 (4.0 apg)
- **stat3label**: Steal (basketball), Steals
- **stat3value**: 1,294 (1.4 spg)
- **bbr**: sprewla01
Rapture (disambiguation)

**Rapture** is a future event in Christian theology.

"Rapture" might also mean:

- _The Rapture_ (album), an album by Siouxsie and the Banshees
- _Rapture_ (album), an album by Anita Baker
Holm Park

**Holm Park** is a football ground in Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is the home of Armagh City F.C..
Floby

**Floby** is a locality in Falköping Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,499 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Floby
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Falköping Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Västra Götaland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Västergötland
- **area total km2**: 2.26
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 1,499
- **population density km2**: 662
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Övre Soppero

**Övre Soppero** is a locality in Kiruna Municipality in Norrbotten County in Sweden. In 2010, 201 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Övre Soppero
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Kiruna Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Norrbotten County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Lapland, Sweden, Lapland
- **area total km2**: 1.33
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 201
- **population density km2**: 151
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Jonsered

**Jonsered** is a locality in Partille Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 930 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Jonsered
- **image skyline**: Jonsered september 2013.jpg
- **image caption**: Jonsered in September 2013
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Partille Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Västra Götaland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Västergötland
- **area total km2**: 0.64
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 930
- **population density km2**: 1458
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Tärnaby

**Tärnaby** is an urban area of Sweden - a locality - in Storuman Municipality in Västerbotten County in Sweden. In 2010, 482 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Tärnaby

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Tärnaby
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Storuman Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Västerbotten County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Lapland, Sweden, Lapland
- **area total km2**: 1.64
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 482
- **population density km2**: 294
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Ullånger

**Ullånger** is a locality in Kramfors Municipality in Västernorrland County in Sweden. In 2010, 626 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ullånger
- **image skyline**: Ullångers kyrka.jpg
- **image caption**: Ullånger Church
- **pushpin map**: Sweden Västernorrland#Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Kramfors Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Västernorrland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Ångermanland
- **area total km2**: 0.98
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 626
- **population density km2**: 640
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **blank name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank info**: Humid continental climate#Mild/cool summer subtype, Dfb
Bible for children

Children's Bibles, or **Bibles for children,** are often collections of Bible stories rather than actual translations of the Bible aimed at children.

The earliest Bible for children printed in America was _The Children's Bible_ (Philadelphia, 1763). _The Bible Story_ (1953–57) is a ten-volume series of hardcover children's story books written by Arthur Maxwell. It is based on the King James and Revised Standard versions of the Christian Bible. _The Children's Bible Story Book_ (1991) is a children's version of the Bible by Anne de Graaf. It is distributed to British primary schools by the charity Bibles for Children (founded 1997).

Actual Bible versions include the New Century Version, a simplified English revision of the International Children's Bible.
Lillhärdal

**Lillhärdal** is a locality in Härjedalen Municipality in Jämtland County in Sweden. In 2010, 335 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lillhärdal
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Härjedalen Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jämtland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Härjedalen
- **area total km2**: 1.14
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 850
- **population density km2**: 293
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Hede

**Hede** is a locality in Härjedalen Municipality in Jämtland County in Sweden. In 2010, 741 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hede
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Härjedalen Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jämtland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Härjedalen
- **area total km2**: 1.63
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 741
- **population density km2**: 456
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Tärendö

**Tärendö** is a small locality in Norrbotten County in Sweden. In 2000, 208 people lived there. It is located next to the Kalix River and the bifurcation Tärendö River.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Tärendö
- **image skyline**: Tärendö kyrka.jpg
- **image caption**: Tärendö Church
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Pajala Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Norrbotten County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Norrbotten
- **area total km2**: 0.39
- **population as of**: 2000
- **population total**: 208
- **population density km2**: 527
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **website**: http://www.tarendo.nu
Järna, Vansbro Municipality

**Järna** is a locality in Vansbro Municipality in Dalarna County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,413 people lived there. Sometimes, it's called **Dala-Järna** to distinguish it from Järna in Södertälje Municipality.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Järna
- **image skyline**: JärnaKyrka-extr.jpg
- **image caption**: Järna Church
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Vansbro Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Dalarna County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Dalarna
- **area total km2**: 3.18
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 1,413
- **population density km2**: 444
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Klintehamn

**Klintehamn** is a locality in Gotland Municipality in Gotland County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,363 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Klintehamn
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Gotland Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Gotland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Gotland
- **area total km2**: 2.12
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 1,363
- **population density km2**: 643
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Fårösund

**Fårösund** is a locality in Gotland Municipality in Gotland County in Sweden. In 2010, 816 people lived there. The village is located on the minor island of Fårö. People can travel by ferry between Visby and Fårösund.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Fårösund
- **image skyline**: F rosund Street.jpg
- **image caption**: Strandvägen in Fårösund
- **pushpin map**: Sweden Gotland
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Gotland Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Gotland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Gotland
- **area total km2**: 2.89
- **population as of**: 31 December 2014
- **population total**: 800
- **population density km2**: 282
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Brunflo

**Brunflo** is a locality in Östersund Municipality in Jämtland County in Sweden. In 2010, 3,890 people lived there. The locality is located circa 15 kilometers southeast from Östersund.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Brunflo
- **image skyline**: Brunflo kyrka-Side view.jpg
- **image caption**: Brunflo Church
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Östersund Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jämtland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Jämtland
- **area total km2**: 2.85
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 3,890
- **population density km2**: 1366
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Ope

**Ope** is a locality in Östersund Municipality in Jämtland County in Sweden. In 2010, 453 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ope
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Östersund Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jämtland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Jämtland
- **area total km2**: 0.85
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 453
- **population density km2**: 535
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Lit

**Lit** is a locality in Östersund Municipality in Jämtland County in Sweden. In 2010, 1,040 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lit
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Östersund Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jämtland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Jämtland
- **area total km2**: 1.25
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 1,040
- **population density km2**: 832
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Åsarna

**Åsarna**, older spelling: **Åsarne**, is a locality in Berg Municipality in Jämtland County in Sweden. In 2010, 268 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Åsarna
- **image skyline**: Old church in Åsarna.jpg
- **image caption**: Åsarne Old Church
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Berg Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Jämtland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Jämtland
- **area total km2**: 0.65
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 268
- **population density km2**: 415
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Länghem

**Länghem** is a locality in Tranemo Municipality in Västra Götaland County in Sweden. In 2010, 989 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Länghem
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Tranemo Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Västra Götaland County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Västergötland
- **area total km2**: 1.03
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 989
- **population density km2**: 960
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Alfta

**Alfta** is a locality in Ovanåker Municipality in Gävleborg County in Sweden. In 2010, 2,155 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Alfta
- **pushpin map**: Sweden
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Sweden
- **subdivision type3**: Municipalities of Sweden, Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Ovanåker Municipality
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Sweden, County
- **subdivision name2**: Gävleborg County
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Sweden, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Hälsingland
- **area total km2**: 3.43
- **population as of**: 31 December 2010
- **population total**: 2,155
- **population density km2**: 627
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
Fårö

**Fårö** is a Swedish minor island in the Baltic Sea. It is located north off Swedish Baltic Sea island of Gotland. The island is the second-largest island in the Swedish historical province of Gotland. The island has a population of fewer than 600 inhabitants. It has become a popular summer resort. From the island, a dialect of Modern Gutnish originates. It is, claimed to be the "oldest" language in Sweden.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: Fårö
_Fåre_ or _Faroy_ 
- **image name**: Rauks (3881539849).jpg
- **image caption**: Rauks at Langhammars, Fårö
- **map**: Sweden Gotland
- **label**: Fårö
- **label position**: left
- **map caption**: Gotland (Sweden)
- **country**: Sweden
- **country admin divisions title**: County
- **country admin divisions**: Gotland County
- **country admin divisions title 1**: Municipality
- **country admin divisions 1**: Gotland Municipality
- **waterbody**: Baltic Sea
- **area km2**: 113.30
- **population**: 505
- **population as of**: 2021
Gotska Sandön

**Gotska Sandön** is a Swedish island in the Baltic Sea. It is located cirka 38 kilometres north of Fårö. The island is approximately 9 kilometres long and 6 kilometres wide. Its area is approximately 36 km².

The island mostly Gotska consists of sand. Its nature is dominated by beaches, dunes, and pine forests. In 1909, the island became one of the National parks of Sweden. In the summertime,regular boat tours are moving between the island and Fårö as well as nd Nynäshamn.

## Other websites

- Gotska Sandön National Park  from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
- Gotska Sandön (in Swedish)
- Birds on Gotska Sandön

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Gotska Sandön National Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **photo**: GotskaSandon EastSide.jpg
- **photo width**: 288
- **photo caption**: The eastern coast, as seen from the lighthouse.
- **location**: Gotland County, Sweden
- **nearest city**: Fårösund, Gotland Municipality
- **area**: , of which  are water.
- **established**: 1909, extended in 1963 and 1988
- **governing body**: Environmental Protection Agency (Sweden), Naturvårdsverket
Convenience store

A **convenience store** is a small store that stocks a range of everyday items. These include groceries, snack foods, candy, toiletries, soft drinks, tobacco products, and newspapers. They may also offer money order and wire transfer services. In some places, corner stores are licensed to sell alcohol, typically beer and wine.

They differ from general stores and village shops in that they are not usually in rural areas. A convenience store may be part of a gas/petrol station chain. It may be located alongside a busy road, in an urban area, or near a railway or railroad station or other transport hub. In some countries, convenience stores have long shopping hours, some being open 24 hours.

Convenience stores usually charge higher prices than conventional grocery stores or supermarkets. But convenience stores have gained market share. This shows consumers are willing to pay more for convenience. Convenience stores order smaller quantities of inventory at higher per-unit prices from wholesalers. However convenience stores make up for this with the convenience by having longer opening hours, serving more locations, and having shorter checkout lines.
Penguins of Madagascar

***Penguins of Madagascar*** is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated spy action comedy movie by DreamWorks Animation. It's based on the animated series of the same name, serving as a prequel to the show and as a spin-off of the _Madagascar_ franchise. Tom McGrath reprises his role of Skipper from both the show and the movies while Chris Miller and Christopher Knights reprises their roles of Kovalski and Private from the movies with Conrad Vernon replacing John DiMaggio as Rico. John Malkovich and Benedict Cumberbatch join them voicing new characters.

It was released by 20th Century Fox on November 26, 2014. It was re-released by Universal Studios.

## Voice cast

- Tom McGrath as Skipper
- Chris Miller as Kowalski
- Christopher Knights as Private
- Conrad Vernon as Rico
- John Malkovich as Dave \ Dr. Octavius Brine

## Video game

A video game titled _Penguins of Madagascar_, it has been to be released for Wii, Wii U, and Nintendo 3DS.

## Infobox (film)

- **director**: Eric Darnell
- **starring**: Tom McGrath
Chris Miller
Christopher Knights
Conrad Vernon
John Malkovich
Benedict Cumberbatch
- **music**: Lorne Balfe
- **studio**: DreamWorks Animation
- **distributor**: 20th Century Fox
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Slugterra

***SlugTerra*** is a Canadian animated teen television series by Nerd Corps Entertainment. The show first aired in 2012. There were 39 episodes in 2 seasons. The plan also called for three Slugterra movies. The second movie was released on August 2, 2014.
The show airs on Disney XD in Canada and Disney XD Worldwide. The series was released on DVD in Canada by Entertainment Eone. It was released in the United States by Shout! Factory.

## Plot

Eli Shane has made the trip down to Slugterra. Now he must battle Dr. Blakk before he ghouls every slug and turns them in to ghouls. He's accompanied by Trixie, Kord and Pronto.

## Other websites

- Website

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: action film, Action-Adventure
Sci-Fi
- **creator**: Asaph Fipke
- **developer**: Asaph Fipke
Chuck Johnson
- **writer**: Asaph Fipke
Todd Garfield
Ken Pontac
Rob Hoegee
Scott Sonneborn
- **director**: Johnny Darrell
Sebastian Brodin
Blair Simmons
Daniel Ife
Clint Butler
- **voices**: Sam Vincent (voice actor), Sam Vincent
Andrew Francis
Lee Tockar
Shannon Chan-Kent
Mark Oliver
Brian Drummond
- **composer**: Brian Carson
- **country**: Canada
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 5
- **num episodes**: 63 (5 movies & 48 episodes)
- **list episodes**: List of Slugterra episodes
- **executive producer**: Asaph Fipke
Chuck Johnson
Ken Faier
Rob Hoegee
- **producer**: Asaph Fipke
- **location**: British Columbia, Canada
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **company**: DHX Studios Vancouver, Nerd Corps Entertainment
DHX Media
Elastic Rights
- **network**: Family Chrgd
Disney XD
Frankie Randall (singer)

**Frankie Randall** (born **Franklin Joseph** "**Frank**" **Lisbona**; January 11, 1938 – December 28, 2014) was an American singer, dancer, songwriter, vocalist, actor, and comedian. He was known for appearing on _The Dean Martin Summer Show_ and _Day of the Wolves_.

Randall died of lung cancer in Palm Springs, California, aged 76.
Deaths in 2015

The following is a list of **notable deaths in 2015**. For notable deaths for each month, please see "Months".  Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable.
__TOC__

## Months

- January 2015
- February 2015
- March 2015
- April 2015
- May 2015
- June 2015
- July 2015
- August 2015
- September 2015
- October 2015
- November 2015
- December 2015

## Other websites

- _The Guardian_, UK obituaries
- Obituaries, _Los Angeles Times_
- Obituaries, _Chicago Tribune_
- _The New York Times_, US obituaries
- _The Sydney Morning Herald_, Australian obituaries
- _The Telegraph_ obituaries
Deaths in January 2015

The following is a list of **notable deaths in January 2015**. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months".

- Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, cause of death, reference (must be added) are added.
__TOC__
Odd Iversen

**Odd "Ivers" Iversen** (6 November 1945 – 29 December 2014) was a Norwegian footballer. He was known for his former record of 158 goals in Norwegian top tier football, as well as his still-standing record of 30 goals in a single season.

Iversen died in Trondheim in the early hours of 29 December 2014 from an unknown illness, aged 69.

He was the father of Steffen Iversen.

## Honours

**Rosenborg**
- Norwegian top division: 1967, 1969

**Individual**
- Norwegian top division top scorer: 1967, 1968, 1969, 1979

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Odd Iversen
- **fullname**: Odd Helge Iversen
- **birth place**: Trondheim, Norway
- **death place**: Trondheim, Norway
- **position**: Striker (association football), Striker
- **youthyears1**: 1964
- **youthclubs1**: Trond
- **years1**: 1964–1965
- **clubs1**: Rosenborg BK, Rosenborg 2
- **caps1**: 13
- **goals1**: 13
- **years2**: 1965–1969
- **clubs2**: Rosenborg
- **caps2**: 54
- **goals2**: 73
- **years3**: 1969–1972
- **clubs3**: Racing Mechelen
- **caps3**: 44
- **goals3**: 27
- **years4**: 1973–1975
- **clubs4**: Rosenborg
- **caps4**: 42
- **goals4**: 29
- **years5**: 1976–1979
- **clubs5**: Vålerenga I.F. Fotball, Vålerenga
- **caps5**: 65
- **goals5**: 35
- **years6**: 1980–1982
- **clubs6**: Rosenborg
- **caps6**: 64
- **goals6**: 21
- **totalcaps**: 282
- **totalgoals**: 198
- **nationalyears1**: 1966
- **nationalteam1**: Norway U21 national football team, Norway U21
- **nationalcaps1**: 5
- **nationalgoals1**: 4
- **nationalyears2**: 1967–1979
- **nationalteam2**: Norway national football team, Norway
- **nationalcaps2**: 45
- **nationalgoals2**: 19
Hardo Aasmäe

**Hardo Aasmäe** (February 11, 1951 – December 29, 2014) was an Estonian geographer, entrepreneur, and politician. He was active in the Estonian People's Front. He was the first post-Soviet mayor of Tallinn, from 1990 to 1992.

Aasmäe died in Tallinn, Estonia, aged 63.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Hardo Aasmäe
- **image**: Hardo Aasmäe, linnapea 1991.jpg
- **caption**: Hardo Aasmäe in 2010
- **office**: Mayor of Tallinn
- **term start**: 1990
- **term end**: 1992
- **predecessor**: Harri Lumi
- **successor**: Jaak Tamm
- **birth place**: Rannamõisa, Haapsalu District, Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, Estonian SSR
- **death place**: Tallinn, Estonia
- **nationality**: Estonian people, Estonian
- **party**: Estonian People's Front
- **alma mater**: University of Tartu, Tartu State University, Saint Petersburg State University, Leningrad State University
- **profession**: Radio Producer, Geographer
Antonio Brack Egg

**Antonio José Brack Egg** (3 June 1940 – 30 December 2014), was a Peruvian agronomist engineer, an ecologist, and researcher. He was the first Peruvian Minister of the Environment.

Egg died after a brief hospitalization in Lima, Peru, aged 74.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Antonio Brack Egg
- **image**: Antonio-Brack-1.jpg
- **office**: Ministry of Environment (Peru), 1st Minister of the Environment of Peru
- **president**: Ollanta Humala
- **term start**: 16 May 2008
- **term end**: 28 July 2011
- **predecessor**: Office created
- **successor**: Ricardo Giesecke
- **birth place**: Pasco, Peru
- **death place**: Lima, Peru
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent
P. J. Byrne

**Paul Jeffrey "P. J." Byrne** (born December 15, 1974) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in movies, such as _Horrible Bosses_, _Final Destination 5_, _The Campaign_, _The Wolf of Wall Street_ and _Rampage_.  He is known for the television roles, such as his role in _The Game_ and _Intelligence_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: P. J. Byrne
- **image**: P. J. Byrne by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Byrne at the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con International
- **birth place**: Maplewood, New Jersey, U.S.
- **birthname**: Paul Jeffrey Byrne
- **alma mater**: Boston College
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 2001–present
- **spouse**: Jaime Nicole Padula (2007–present)
Cyd Charisse

**Cyd Charisse** (March 8, 1922 – June 17, 2008) was an American actress and dancer. She was known for her roles in _Singin' in the Rain_ (1952), _The Band Wagon_ (1953) and _Silk Stockings_ (1957). Charisse was born in Amarillo, Texas. She was married to Tony Martin.

Charisse died in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 87.
Windows RT

**Windows RT** is a mobile operating system developed by Microsoft. It is a version of Windows 8 or Windows 8.1 built for the 32-bit ARM architecture (ARMv7).  First announced in January 2011 at Consumer Electronics Show, the Windows RT operating system was officially launched
on August 26, 2012, with the release of three Windows RT-based devices, including Microsoft's original Surface tablet. Unlike Windows 8, Windows RT is only available as preloaded software on devices specifically designed for the operating system by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Normal apps such as Google Chrome cannot be downloaded on Windows RT through any web browser, the only way to get apps on Windows RT is by using the Windows Store, which is an app store for Microsoft Windows, starting from Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 and is also compatible with some version of Windows Server operating systems, such as Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2.

## Support status

Mainstream support was ended on January 9, 2018. In 2021 Microsoft said it will stop providing security updates and support for Windows RT after January 10, 2023 (EOL date).

## Infobox (os version)

- **name**: Windows RT
- **logo**: Windows RT logo and wordmark.svg
- **version of**: Windows NT
- **developer**: Microsoft
- **supported platforms**: ARMv7
- **kernel type**: Hybrid kernel, Hybrid (Windows NT)
- **release version**: 6.3.9600 Update 3 (Windows RT 8.1 Update 3) with December 8, 2020 or later update rollup
Multinational corporation

**Multinational corporations** (**MNC**) or **multinational enterprises** (**MNE**) are organizations that make goods or services in more than one country. They include large corporations that make or sell things in lots of countries. MNCs are sometimes named 'international', 'transnational', or 'stateless' corporations.

MNCs play an important role in globalization. The first business MNC was the "Knights Templar" , founded in 1120.  After that came the British East India Company in 1600, and the Dutch East India Company which started in 1602 and would become the largest company in the world for nearly 200 years. These were made by national legislation to conduct international trade for their home countries.

## Conflict of laws

Conflict of laws is about which legal system and which national jurisdiction applies to a given dispute.

The term comes from situations where here is disagreement as to where a dispute should be legally settled in court. The three branches of conflict of laws are:
- Jurisdiction – whether the forum court has the power to resolve the dispute at hand
- Choice of law – the law being applied to resolve the dispute
- Foreign judgments – the ability to recognize and enforce a judgment from an external forum within the jurisdiction of the adjudicating forum.

## Conflict of taxation

Companies usually arrange their affairs to avoid or diminish taxation. This issue attracts much attention. Obviously, tax rates and tax regulations differ from country to country. If an organisation sets up subsidiaries in every country where it has significant business, few problems arise. The subsidiaries pay tax on whatever activities the company does in that place.

However, companies always try to minimise tax. Google uses various tax avoidance strategies. Out of the five largest American technology companies it pays the lowest taxes to countries where its revenue comes from. The company does this partly by licensing technology through subsidiaries in Ireland, Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the Netherlands. This reportedly sparked a 2012 French investigation into Google's "transfer pricing" methods.

Google Vice President Matt Britt in 2013 told the Public Accounts Committee of the UK House of Commons that his UK sales team made no sales, hence owed no sales tax to the UK.

## Transnational corporations

A transnational corporation (TNC) differs from a traditional MNC in that it does not identify itself with one national home. While traditional MNCs are national companies with foreign subsidiaries, TNCs spread out their operations in many countries sustaining high levels of local responsiveness. An example of a TNC is Nestlé who employ senior executives from many countries and try to make decisions from a global perspective rather than from one centralized headquarters. Another example of a Transnational Corporation is the Royal Dutch Shell corporation whose headquarters may be in The Hague, Netherlands but its registered office and main executive body where the decisions are made is headquartered in London, United Kingdom.