juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Roanne

**Roanne** is a French commune, a _subprefecture_ in the Loire department in central France. It is in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It is also the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Roanne.

## Geography

The _commune_ of Roanne is in the north of the Loire department and has an area of . The average altitude is  and the city hall is an altitude of .

The distances from Roanne to other cities are:
- Paris, the national capital - ;
- Lyon, the regional capital - ;
- Reims - ;
- Bordeaux - ;
- Toulouse - ;
- Montpellier - ;
- Strasbourg - ;
- Nantes - ;
- Marseille - .

The _commune_ of Roanne is surrounded by the _communes_:

The Loire river flows through the city. Two of its tributaries: Renaison and Rhins, also flow through the city and join the Loire in Roanne.

### Climate

The climate of Roanne, in the Köppen climate classification, is **Cfb** - Oceanic climate with template summers.

## Population

The inhabitants of Roanne are known, in French, as _ Roannais_ (women: _Roannaises_).

With a population of 35,200, Roanne has a population density of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>, the highest density in the department.

**Evolution of the population in Roanne**

Roanne forms, with other 14 _communes_, the urban area of Roanne with a population of 80,098 inhabitants (2014) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Roanne, formed by 50 _communes_ with a population of 107,348 inhabitants (2014) and an area of .

## Administration

Roanne is a subprefecture of the Loire department, the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Roanne and the administrative centre () of two cantons:
1. Roanne-1, with 29,634 inhabitants <small>(2014)</small>.
1. Roanne-2, with 29,843 inhabitants <small>(2014)</small>.

It is part of the intercommunality _Roannais Agglomération_ ().

### Twinned and partner towns

Roanne is twinned with:

- Nuneaton and Bedworth, United Kingdom
- Reutlingen, Germany
- Guadalajara, Spain
- Montevarchi, Italy
- Piatra Neamţ, Romania
- Legnica, Poland

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Roanne
- Communes of the Loire department

## Other websites

- City of Roanne website
- Roannais tourisme

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Roanne
- **image coat of arms**: Blason_ville_fr_Roanne_(Loire).svg
- **image**: Le_Pont_sur_la_Loire_4.jpg
- **caption**: Bridge over the Loire River, Loire, Roanne
- **arrondissement**: Roanne
- **canton**: Roanne-1
Roanne-2
- **intercommunality**: Roannais Agglomération
- **mayor**: Yves Nicolin
- **term**: 2014 - 2020
- **elevation m**: 281
- **elevation min m**: 257
- **elevation max m**: 304
- **area km2**: 16.12
- **population demonym**: Roannais
- **population**: 35200
- **population date**: 2014
- **insee**: 42187
- **postal code**: 42300
- **website**: [http://www.aggloroanne.fr/ www.aggloroanne.fr]
Cuba men's national volleyball team

**Cuba national volleyball team** is the national volleyball team of Cuba.

## Honors

- **Olympics**: Bronze medal (1976)
- **World Championship**: Silver Medal (1990, 2010)
- **NORCECA Championship**: Gold medal (969, 1971, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2009, 2011) - Silver medal (1973, 1985, 1999, 2005)
- **World League**: Gold medal (1998) - Silver medal (1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999)

## References

- www.cubanav.org - Cuba Volleyball Federation

## Infobox (national volleyball team)

- **name**: Cuba
- **nickname**: _Los leones del voleibol cubano(Lions of Cuban volleyball)_
- **image**: Flag of Cuba.svg
- **image border**: yes
- **federation**: Federación Cubana De Voleibol
- **confederation**: NORCECA
- **manager**: Omelio Jesus Castillo Perez
- **coach**: Nicolas Vives
- **olympic apps**: 7
- **olympic first**: 1972
- **olympic best**:  (Volleyball at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament, 1976)
- **world champs apps**: 14
- **world champs first**: 1956
- **world champs best**: (1990 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, 1990, 2010 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, 2010)
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Seljuk architecture

**Seljuk architecture** is the name given to architecture built during the time when the Seljuks ruled most of the Middle East and Anatolia. This was between the 11th and 13th centuries. After the 11th century the Seljuks of Rum emerged from the Great Seljuk Empire developing their own architecture. Their capital was Konya. They were influenced and inspired by the Armenians, Byzantines and Persians.

## Great Seljuq Empire architecture

The architecture can be found in a vast area stretching from the Hindu Kush to eastern Anatolia. Also from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf. The homeland of Seljuk architecture was Turkmenistan and Iran. This is where the first permanent Seljuk buildings were built. Unfortunately the Mongol invasions destroyed most of these buildings. Only a few remain. In 1063 Isfahan was established as capital of the Great Seljuk Empire under Alp Arslan.

The most significant change was in the early 12th century. It was the conversion of the hypostyle plan into a four-iwan plan mosque (see Shah Mosque). Another mosque-type introduced at this time was the kiosk mosque, consisting of a domed space with three open sides and wall containing a mihrab on the qibla side. The architecture of this period was also characterized by memorial tombs. These were usually octagonal structures with domed roofs, called Kümbet or Türbe. An impressive example of tomb architecture is the mausoleum of Sultan Sanjar at Merv. It is a massive building measuring  square with a huge double dome resting on squinches and muqarnas pendentives.

## Related pages

- Seljuq dynasty
- Tomb of Ahmed Sanjar
- Kharraqan towers
Bulgaria men's national volleyball team

**Bulgaria national volleyball team** is the national volleyball team of Bulgaria. They have participated in the FIVB world league ever since 1994. Bulgaria played at the first world championship in 1949.

## Honors

- **Olympics**: Silver medal (1980)
- **World Championship**: Silver Medal (1970) - Bronze medal (1949, 1952, 1986, 2000)
- **World Cup**: Bronze medal (2007)
- **European Championship**: Silver medal (1951)

## Other websites

- BG Vollyball

## Infobox (national volleyball team)

- **name**: Bulgaria
- **federation**: Bulgarian Volleyball Federation
- **confederation**: CEV
- **coach**: Silvano Prandi
- **olympic apps**: 8
- **olympic first**: 1964
- **olympic best**: (Volleyball at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament, 1980)
- **world champs apps**: 18
- **world champs first**: 1949
- **world champs best**: (1970 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, 1970)
- **world cup apps**: 4
- **world cup first**: 1965
- **world cup best**: (2007 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup, 2007)
- **regional name**: Men's European Volleyball Championship, European Championship
- **regional cup apps**: 28
- **regional cup first**: 1950 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 1950
- **regional cup best**: (1951 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 1951)
- **website**: [http://www.volleyball.bg www.volleyball.bg]
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Serbia men's national volleyball team

**Serbia national volleyball team** is the name of Serbia's national volleyball team. The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball considers Serbia the inheritor of the records of SFR Yugoslavia (1948–1991), FR Yugoslavia (1992–2002) and Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006). Nikola Grbic, a former player and team captain, is the head coach.

## Honors

- **Olympics**: Gold medal (2000) - Bronze medal (1996)
- **World Championship**: Silver Medal (1998) - Bronze medal (2010)
- **World Cup**: Bronze medal (2013)
- **European Championship**: Gold medal (2001, 2011) - Silver medal (1997) - Bronze medal (1975, 1979, 1995, 1999, 2005, 2007, 2013)
- **World League**: Silver medal (2003, 2005, 2008, 2009) -  Bronze medal (2002, 2004, 2010)

## Other websites

- 2011 European Men's Volleyball Championship (Final) - Italy vs Serbia (1-3)

## Infobox (national volleyball team)

- **name**: Serbia
- **federation**: Volleyball Federation of Serbia
- **confederation**: CEV
- **coach**: Nikola Grbić
- **olympic apps**: 5
- **olympic first**: 1996
- **olympic best**:  _Gold:_ (Volleyball at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament, 2000)
- **world champs apps**: 5
- **world champs first**: 1998
- **world champs best**:  _Silver:_ (1998 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship, 1998)
- **regional name**: Men's European Volleyball Championship, European Championship
- **regional cup apps**: 12
- **regional cup first**: 1995 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 1995
- **regional cup best**:  _Gold:_ (2001 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 2001, 2011 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 2011)
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Beaune

**Beaune** is a commune in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Côte-d'Or department. It is the region's wine capital.

## Twin towns

- Nantucket, United States
- Malmedy, Belgium
- Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Bensheim, Germany
- Kōshū, Japan
Australia men's national volleyball team

**Australia Men's national volleyball team** also known as Volleyball Team Australia Men (VTAM) is the national volleyball team of Australia.

## Infobox (national volleyball team)

- **name**: Australia
- **image**: Flag of Australia.svg
- **federation**: Australian Volleyball Federation, AVF
- **confederation**: AVC
- **manager**: Mchoul William
- **coach**: Mark Lebedew
- **olympic apps**: 3
- **olympic first**: 2000
- **olympic best**: 8th (Volleyball at the 2000 Summer Olympics, 2000)
- **world champs apps**: 6
- **world champs first**: 1982
- **world champs best**: 14th (2018 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, 2018)
- **world cup apps**: 2
- **world cup first**: 2007
- **world cup best**: 8th (2007 FIVB Men's World Cup, 2007)
- **pattern b1**: _yellowcollar
- **leftarm1**: FFCC29
- **body1**: FFCC29
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- **leftarm2**: 00A859
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- **medaltemplates-expand**: y
Ennio Porrino

**Ennio Porrino** (born Cagliari, 20 January 1910 – died Rome, 25 September 1959) was an Italian composer and teacher.

Amongst his compositions were orchestral works, an oratorio and several operas and ballets. His best known work is the symphonic poem "Sardegna," a tribute to his native Sardinia, which premiered in Florence in 1933. In the course of his career, Porrino taught at the conservatories of Rome, Venice, and Naples, and in 1956 became the director of the Cagliari Conservatory.

That same year he married Malgari Onnis (born 1935), a painter and theatrical designer. She designed the production of Porrino's last work, the opera I Shardana, which premiered on 21 March 1959, six months before his death. The couple had one daughter, Stefania (born 1957), who became a playwright and stage director.
Metal Slug (series)

is a series of video games created by SNK then SNK Playmore. It is a series of 2D shoot 'em ups released on the Neo Geo platform. The series is known for its detailed 2D pixel-art and high difficulty.

The games are about the Peregrine Falcon Squad, a small group of soldiers who fight against a rebel army, aliens, zombies, mummies and various other forces intent on world domination.

## Infobox (video game series)

- **title**: Metal Slug
- **genre**: Run and gun (video game), Run and gun
- **developer**: SNK
 Mega Enterprise (Metal Slug 4)
 Noise Factory (Metal Slug 4 & 5)
- **publisher**: SNK
Nazca Corproation
UTV Ignition Games, Ignition Entertainment/All Interactive Distribution (Metal Slug 7)
Atlus USA/Namco Bandai Partners (Metal Slug XX)
- **platform of origin**: Neo Geo (system), Neo Geo MVS
- **first release version**: _Metal Slug (video game), Metal Slug_
- **first release date**: April 19, 1996
- **latest release version**: _Metal Slug 7_
- **latest release date**: December 23, 2009
Drosnay

**Drosnay** is a commune in the Marne department in the Grand Est region. In 2012, 189 people lived there.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Marne department
Genet

**Genets** are Old World mammals. They are viverrids, in the same family as civet cats. They are feliform carnivores of the family Viverridae.

The closest relatives of genets are the civets, linsangs, fossa, and mongooses. Almost all species are in the genus ***Genetta***. The common genet, _Genetta genetta_, is the only viverrid living in Europe. Other species live in Africa. Fossils of the genus have been found from the Pliocene.

Genets have long tails, about one to one and a half times the length of their bodies. These longs tails are a counterweight which helps them keep their balance as they leap from tree limb to tree limb.  They are not strictly terrestrial, and spend much of their time in trees. Genets have semi-retractable claws, which they use for climbing and holding prey, but not for fighting.

Genets are highly agile creatures, with quick reflexes and exceptional climbing skills, and are the only viverrids that are able to stand bipedally. They are able to walk, trot, run, climb up and down trees, and jump.

They often feed on small mammals, such as rodents, shrews, and bats. Small rodents are captured by the back and killed with a bite at the head, then eaten starting with the head. They also eat birds, bird eggs, centipedes, millipedes, scorpions, and various fruits, including figs and olives.

## Species

- Angolan genet
Winnowing

**Winnowing** is a farming method developed by ancient people for separating grain from chaff. It is also used to remove weevils or other pests from stored grain. Threshing, which is the loosening of grain or seeds from the husks and straw, comes before winnowing. In place of a winnowing basket a colandar can be used.

In its simplest form it involves throwing the mixture into the air so that the wind blows away the lighter chaff. The heavier grains fall back down for recovery. This method is called "wind-grading". Other methods include using a winnowing fan (a shaped basket shaken to raise the chaff). Yet another is using a tool (a winnowing fork or shovel) on a pile of harvested grain.

Winnowing can also describe the natural removal of fine material from a coarser sediment by wind or flowing water. This is similar to separating wheat from chaff.
Boom Clap

**"Boom Clap"** is an electropop song by Charli XCX. This song was released as the first single from _The Fault in Our Stars_ soundtrack. It was also on XCX's studio album _Sucker_.

The single was released on June 15, 2014. It peaked at #6 on the UK Singles chart. It was also #8 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 chart. It got positive reviews by music critics.
Pour Some Sugar on Me

**"Pour Some Sugar on Me"** is a 1987 heavy metal single by Def Leppard. The song has sexual themes in it. It reached #2 on _Billboard_ Hot 100 in July of 1988.

The song was from Def Leppard's studio album _Hysteria_.

There are several versions of the song. The extended version is five minutes and 35 seconds long.
Winter's Tale

***Winter's Tale*** is a 2014 supernatural fantasy, mystery and romantic drama movie. It was based on a 1983 novel with the same name. Jennifer Connelly plays Virginia. Eva Marie Saint plays Willa Penn. Russell Crowe plays Pearly.

## Cast

- Colin Farrell as Peter Lake
- Jessica Brown Findlay as Beverly Penn
- Jennifer Connelly as Virginia Gamely
- Russell Crowe as Pearly Soames
- William Hurt as Isaac Penn
- Mckayla Twiggs as Young Willa Penn
- Eva Marie Saint as Adult Willa Penn
- Will Smith as Judge / Lucifer
- Ripley Sobo as Abby
- Matt Bomer as Peter's father
- Lucy Griffiths as Peter's mother
- Finn Wittrock as Gabriel
- Listo as The Horse
- Kevin Corrigan as Romeo Tan
- Kevin Durand as Cesar Tan
- Graham Greene as Humpstone John

### Development

Initially Warner Bros. attempted to sign Martin Scorsese in 2002. He turned down the chance to direct the movie, calling it "unfilmable". Later on, the movie became a "passion project" for director Akiva Goldsman. He was given the go-ahead by Warner Bros. in February 2011 with a budget of $75 million. The budget was later dropped to $60 million in February of 2012. Will Smith and Russell Crowe were linked to the project in supporting roles.

### Filming

Principal photography began in October 2012, though was delayed due to Hurricane Sandy. Shooting took place at locations across New York City, including Grand Central Terminal, Red Hook, Brooklyn, East Village, Manhattan and Central Park.

## Release

The movie was released on 14 February 2014 in the United States.

### Reception

It got negative reviews from movie critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has a rating of 13%.

### Box office

The movie performed poor in the box office. Its intake was only $12.6 million in the United States. It took in $30 million worldwide.
Linsang

The **linsangs** are four feliform species, two in Asia and two in Africa. The whole group was put in the Viverridae in a subfamily. The two pairs are:

The species of African linsangs are:
- _Poiana leightoni_ – Leighton's linsang
- _Poiana richardsonii_ – African linsang

The species of Asiatic linsangs are:
- _Prionodon linsang_ – Banded linsang
- _Prionodon pardicolor_ – Spotted linsang

DNA analysis shows:
1. the African linsangs (_Poiana_) are true viverrids closely related to the genet.
1. the Asiatic linsangs (_Prionodon_) are not, and may be the closest living relatives of the Felidae family. Discovering this, the Asiatic linsangs are now put into a family of their own. They are not viverrids.

Therefore, the similarities between the two genera of linsangs must be convergent. All of them are cat-like in appearance. They are nocturnal, generally solitary tree dwellers. They are carnivorous, eating squirrels and other rodents, small birds, lizards and insects. Typical size is a little over 30 cm (1 foot), with a tail that more than doubles that length. Bodies are long, with short legs, giving a low appearance. All species have yellowish bodies with black markings (stripes, blotches and spots), though the distribution and nature of the markings varies between species.
African linsang

The **African linsang** or **oyan** are two species in the genus ***Poiana***. They are viverrids in the mammalian subfamily Viverrinae.

DNA analysis showed that these African linsangs (_Poiana_) are true viverrids closely related to the genets.
I Shardana

***I Shardana*** is an Italian opera in three acts, with music and libretto by Ennio Porrino. It was first performed in Naples, on March 8, 1959. It is by far Porrino's most successful work. It has recently been rediscovered.

## Principal characters

- Gonnario - bass
- Nibatta - mezzo-soprano
- Torbeno - tenor
- Bèrbera Jonia - soprano
- Norace - baritone
- Perdu - tenor
- Orzocco - baritone

## Discography

- 1960: Ferruccio Mazzoli (Gonnario), Oralia Dominguez (Nibatta), Gastone Limarilli (Torbeno), Marta Pender (Bèrbera Jonia), Piero Guelfi (Norace), Antonio Galiè (Perdu), Vinicio Cocchieri (Orzocco); Orchestra Sinfonica e Coro di Roma della RAI, Armando La Rosa Parodi - (Decca)
- 2013: Manrico Signorini (Gonnario), Alessandra Palomba (Nibatta), Angelo Villari (Torbeno), Paoletta Marrocu (Bèrbera Jonia), Domenico Balzani (Norace), Gabriele Mangione (Perdu), Gianpiero Ruggeri (Orzocco); Orchestra e Coro del Teatro Lirico di Cagliari, Anthony Bramall - (Dynamic)
Edmond J. Gong

**Edmond Joseph (Eddie) Gong** (October 6, 1930 – May 19, 2015) was an American attorney and former politician in the state of Florida. He was the first Asian-American elected to the Florida House. He served as a Florida state senator from 1967 through 1971. He was also a member of Florida's House of Representatives from 1963 through 1966.

Gong died at the age of 84 in Miami, Florida.
Louis Johnson

**Louis Johnson**  (April 13, 1955 – May 21, 2015) was an American bass guitarist.

Johnson was best known for his group The Brothers Johnson and his session playing on several hit albums of the 1970s and 1980s including the "best selling album of all time" _Thriller_.

Johnson died on May 21, 2015 at the age of 60.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Louis Johnson
- **image**: Louis_Johnson.jpg
- **caption**: Louis Johnson in 1980
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, United States
- **occupation**: Musician, record producer
- **genre**: Funk, R&B, Soul music, soul, jazz
- **years active**: 1972–2015
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M, Capitol Records, Capitol, Star Licks Productions, Hal Leonard, Hal Leonard Publishing
Abutment

In engineering, **abutment** refers to the substructure at the ends of a bridge span or dam. This is where the structure's superstructure rests or contacts. Single-span bridges have abutments at each end. These provide vertical and lateral (side to side) support for the bridge. They also act as retaining walls to resist lateral movement of the earthen fill of the bridge approach. Multi-span bridges require piers to support ends of spans that are not supported by abutments. Dam abutments are generally the natural valley walls. They may also be artificial in order to support arch dams such as Kurobe Dam in Japan.

The term may also refer to the structure supporting one side of an arch, or masonry used to resist the lateral forces of a vault. The word derives from the verb "abut", meaning to "touch by means of a mutual border".
Corbel

In architecture a **corbel** or **console** is a structural piece of stone, wood or metal sticking out from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight. It is a type of bracket. A corbel is a solid piece of material in the wall. A console, by comparison, is a piece applied to the structure. A piece of structural wood projecting in the same way was called a "tassel" or a "bragger" in the UK. The technique of corbelling, where rows of corbels support a projecting wall or parapet, has been used since Neolithic,  or New Stone Age, times.

The word "corbel" comes from Old French and derives from the Latin _corbellus_, a diminutive of _corvus_ (a raven) which refers to the beak-like appearance. Similarly, the French refer to a bracket-corbel, usually a load-bearing internal feature, as a _corbeau_ (a crow).
Terry Sue-Patt

**Terence Anthony** "**Terry**" **Sue-Patt** (29 September 1964 – April/May 2015) was a British actor. He was best known for the role of Benny Green in the BBC television series _Grange Hill_ (1978–1982). He also appeared in _Jackanory_. He was born in Islington, London to British Jamaican parents.

Sue-Patt was found dead on 22 May 2015 in Walthamstow, London. He was 50 and is believed to have been dead for about a month.
Joaquim Durão

**Joaquim Manuel Durão** (25 October 1930 – 21 May 2015) was a Portuguese chess player. He was an International Master from 1975 until his death. He was 13 times Portuguese champion, and represented his country in ten Chess Olympiads. He was also president of the Portuguese Chess Federation.

Durão was born in Lisbon. He died on 21 May 2015, aged 84.
Asiatic linsang

The **Asiatic linsang** (_Prionodon_) is a genus with two species, the banded linsang (_Prionodon linsang_) and the spotted linsang (_Prionodon pardicolor_). They are native to southeast Asia:

DNA analysis on 29 species showed that _Prionodon_ was the sister-group of the family Felidae. So the Asiatic linsangs are put in a family of their own, the Prionodontidae. _Prionodon_ is not closely related to the African linsangs, although they look similar, and live a similar life. They are small cat-like carnivores adapted to catching small prey among the trees of a tropical forest. The similarities between the two groups came about by convergent evolution.

_Prionodon_ is basal to the Feliformia and a sister taxon of the Felidae.
Donald Wrye

**Donald Wrye** (September 24, 1934 – May 15, 2015) was an American movie director, screenwriter and producer. He was best known for directing the movie _Ice Castles_ (1978). His career began in 1966.

Wrye was born in Riverside, California. He was married to Kathryn Dowling Wrye.

Wrye died in his sleep on May 15, 2015 at his home in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He was 80.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Donald Wrye
- **birth place**: Riverside, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **years active**: 1966–2015
- **occupation**: Film director, screenwriter, producer
Reversal of Fortune

***Reversal of Fortune*** is a 1990 drama movie. It was adapted off a 1985 novel. Jeremy Irons plays Claus von Bülow. Glenn Close plays Sunny von Bülow.

The movie is based on the true story of the unexplained coma of socialite Sunny von Bülow. It is about the attempted murder trial and the acquittal of her husband Claus von Bülow.

The movie was released on October 17, 1990 in the United States. Its reviews were mostly positive.
Glamorgan men's cricket team

County cricket in the traditional Welsh county of Glamorgan is organised by the Glamorgan County Cricket Club, which was formed in 1888. Since 1921, the team has played in first-class matches. Glamorgan is the only Welsh team in the County Championship. They have been county champions three times, in 1948, 1969, and 1997. Their usual home venue is Sophia Gardens in Cardiff, but the club has used other venues around the county. A former venue is the St Helen's Ground in Swansea, where Gary Sobers famously hit six sixes in one over in 1968.
Dangerous Game (movie)

***Dangerous Game*** is a 1993 erotic movie. Harvey Keitel plays Eddie Israel. Madonna plays Sarah Jennings. The movie is about a movie director based in New York City. The director has Sarah Jennings acting in a Hollywood marital-crisis drama movie.

This movie was released on November 19, 1993 in the United States. It got mixed reviews by movie critics. Rotten Tomatoes gave it a score of 29% based on 14 critic's reviews. It was rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). It contains violence, profanity, sexual situations and nudity.
Aruna Shanbaug

**Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug** (1 June 1948 – 18 May 2015) was an Indian nurse who was at the center of attention in a court case on euthanasia after spending 42 years in a coma after being raped and strangled.

## Early life

Shanbaug was born in 1948 at Haldipur, Uttar Kannada, Karnataka. She worked as a nurse at the King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEM) in Mumbai. At the time of the attack, she was engaged to a doctor at the same hospital.

## Attack

In 1973, while working as a junior nurse at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Shanbaug was anally raped then strangled by a ward boy, Sohanlal Bhartha Walmiki. She remained in a vegetative state following the assault.

## Court case

On 24 January 2011, after she had been in this state for 37 years, the Supreme Court of India responded to the plea for euthanasia filed by Aruna's friend, journalist Pinki Virani, by setting up medical experts to test her.

The court rejected the petition on 7 March 2011. However, in its landmark opinion, it allowed passive euthanasia in India.

## Death

Shanbaug died from pneumonia on 18 May 2015 after being in a persistent vegetative state for nearly 42 years.

## Other websites

- Never Ending Trauma Of Innocent Aruna!!
- Court ruling, Aruna Shanbaug vs. Union of India, March 7, 2011 at _Supreme Court of India_
- Pinki Virani's Interview - June 13, 2008

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Aruna Shanbaug
- **birth name**: Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug
- **birth place**: Haldipur, Karnataka, India
- **death place**: KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- **death cause**: Pneumonia
- **nationality**: Indian
- **occupation**: Nurse
King of New York

***King of New York*** is a 1990 crime-thriller movie. The movie is about drug trafficking in New York City. Laurence Fishburne plays Jimmy Jump. Wesley Snipes plays Thomas Flanigan. David Caruso plays Dennis Gilley. The movie was directed by Abel Ferrara. The movie was released in September 1990.

## Cast

- Christopher Walken - Frank White
- Larry Fishburne - Jimmy Jump
- David Caruso - Dennis Gilley
- Victor Argo - Roy Bishop
- Janet Julian - Jennifer
- Wesley Snipes - Thomas Flanigan
- Steve Buscemi - Test Tube
- Paul Calderón - Joey Dalesio
- Giancarlo Esposito - Lance
- John Turturro - Eddie
- Theresa Randle - Raye
- Frank Adonis - Paul Calgari
- Harold Perrineau - Subway Mugger

## Reception

The movie premiered at the New York Film Festival. Many members of the audience, including Abel Ferrara's wife, walked from the movie theater. At a second showing of the movie the following day, Larry Fishburne and Nicholas St. John were booed from the stage.

Mark Caro, writing for the _Chicago Tribune_ gave the movie only 1/2 star. He said  "``King of New York,`` [is] a film more interested in leaving impressions than spinning a smooth narrative". He also said that both the star, Christopher Walken, and the movie "remains just out of grasp".

Rotten Tomatoes gives the movie a rating of 71%. Roger Ebert gave the movie two stars. Janet Maslin from _New York Times_ said the movie was "a chillingly ambiguous portrait of its title character."
Jackie Basehart

**John Anthony Carmine Michael "Jackie" Basehart**  (11 October 1951 – 16 May 2015) was an American-born Italian actor. He was born in Santa Monica, California. Basehart was known for his role as Beri in the 1978 movie _The Inglorious Bastards_.

Basehart died at his home in Milan, Italy after suffering from a rare disease, aged 63.
Jackie Brookner

**Jackie Brookner** (1945 – May 15, 2015) was an American ecological artist, writer, and educator. She worked with ecologists, design professionals, engineers, communities, and policy-makers on water remediation/public art projects for parks, wetlands, rivers, and urban stormwater runoff.

Brookner died of cancer in her New York City home, aged 69.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Jackie Brookner
- **image**: Jbcrop2.jpg
- **birth date**: 1945
- **death date**: May 15, 2015 (aged 69)
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **birth place**: Providence, Rhode Island, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States
- **known for**: artist, writer, and educator
Bob Belden

**James Robert "Bob" Belden** (October 31, 1956 – May 20, 2015) was an American saxophonist, arranger, composer, bandleader and producer. He may be best known for his Grammy Award winning jazz orchestral recording, "The Black Dahlia". Belden was born in Evanston, Illinois.

Belden died of a heart attack on May 20, 2015, at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, aged 58.
Class action

A **class action**, **class suit**, or **representative action** is a type of lawsuit. One of the parties is a group of people who are represented collectively by one member of that group.

The class action originated in the United States. It is still mainly a U.S. phenomenon. However, several European countries with civil law have made changes to allow consumer organizations to bring claims on behalf of consumers.

In 1991 China passed the "Civil Procedure Law" that allows class actions. In Brazil class action suits have been brought against industries, banks. and other organizations. They have been used against environmental damage, product defects and false advertising to name a few. Unlike the US, Brazilian judges award much smaller amounts for damages.

The predecessor of the class action was called a "group litigation". They were used in England from the 13th century. It involved groups of people suing or being sued in a court. Group cases were easier to handle than numbers of individual cases, because of the slow and difficult travelling at that time. Judges travelled round a circuit, and might visit a town only once or twice a year. By the 18th century individual lawsuits became the norm.
Chevrolet Blazer

**Chevrolet Blazer** (and **GMC Jimmy**) can refer to one of several SUV models from General Motors:

- Chevrolet K5 Blazer, based on the C/K pickup chassis and built from 1969 to 1994. It was replaced by the Chevrolet Tahoe in 1995.
- Chevrolet S-10 Blazer, based on the S-10 pickup and built from 1983 to 2005.
- Chevrolet TrailBlazer, originally 200cm and a trim package on the S-10 Blazer until 2002, when it became its own, larger model.
- Chevrolet Tahoe, replaced the K5 Blazer, also sold in Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador and Venezuela as the "Grand Blazer" from 1990 to 2000.
Znaur Gassiev

**Znaur Nikolaevich Gassiev** ( _Znauyr Gassity_, , ; 17 March 1925 – 6 March 2016) was a South Ossetian politician. He was one of the leaders of the South Ossetian independence movement in the early 1990s. He served as the first President of South Ossetia from 1991 through 1992.

Gassiev died on 6 March 2016 in Tskhinvali. He was aged 90.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Znaur Nikolaevich Gassiev
- **native name**: Гасситы Знауыр
- **native name lang**: oss
- **image**: Гассиев 2009.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220
- **caption**: Znaur Gassiev (2009)
- **order**: 1st
- **office**: President of South OssetiaHead of State of South Ossetia
- **term start**: 1991
- **term end**: 1992
- **predecessor**: **New office**
- **successor**: Torez Kulumbegov
- **office2**: Parliament of South Ossetia, Chairman of Parliament for South Ossetia
- **term start2**: 2004
- **term end2**: 2009
- **predecessor2**: Stanislav Kochiev
- **successor2**: Stanislav Kochiev
- **birth place**: Tskhinvali, South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast, Georgian SSR
- **death place**: Tskhinvali, South Ossetia
- **nationality**: Russian
- **party**: Unity Party (South Ossetia), Unity Party
Chevrolet S-10 Blazer

The **Chevrolet S-10  Blazer** and the similar **GMC S-15 Jimmy** were mid-size SUVs from General Motors. Production began in 1983. The S-10 was produced through 2005. In the United States retail sales after 2004 were limited to two-door Blazer models. All other models were sold to fleets until April 20, 2005. In the Canadian market, four-door models of the Blazer and Jimmy were sold until the 2004 model year. They were sold until the 2005 model year for the two-door models of both.

The S-series SUVs were based on the Chevrolet S-10 and GMC S-15 pickup trucks. In 1995 a second-generation model was produced. It had improvements in performance and interior room. It also had updated styling but did not carry the S-10 name.

They were produced in Pontiac, Michigan; Linden, New Jersey; Moraine, Ohio; Shreveport, Louisiana; and São Paulo, Brazil. Even though production ceased in the U.S., new Blazers are locally produced in Brazil with their own sheet metal stampings). In North America, the Moraine plant produced only 4-door vehicles. Both 2- and 4-door models were produced at Linden, which was the main assembly plant after the switch from Pontiac, Michigan about 1995.
Majd Izzat al-Chourbaji

**Majd Izzat al-Chourbaji** () (born 1981) is a Syrian peace activist. In 2015, she received the U.S. State Department's International Women of Courage Award, for her work with women and human rights in Syria.

## Life

Madj Izzat al-Chourbaji was born in 1981 in the town of Darayya, Syria.  When she was six months old, her family went to France because of violence in Syria. They returned to Syria in 1991. In Syria, Majd studied French literature. She received a degree from Damascus University. After college, Majd worked on an anti-corruption program in the Damascus suburbs.

When the violence from the Arab Spring came to Syria, Majd started sit-ins for the freedom of political prisoners. She went to jail, and was injured by the police. Although Mjad was hurt, she wanted peaceful protest. She started classes on peace and citizenship for the prisoners.  Majd persuaded 150 women prisoners to have a hunger strike. She wanted to go to court to get publicity for the women's problems. Finally, she went to court. Majd and 83 prisoners received their freedom, in a prisoner exchange with the Syrian opposition. The Syrian security forces continued to watch Majd, so she went to Lebanon with her three children.

## Other websites

- 2015 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
- Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)
Twinkle (singer)

**Lynn Annette "Twinkle" Ripley** (15 July 1948 – 21 May 2015) was a British singer-songwriter. She had chart successes in the 1960s with her best known songs, "Terry" and "Golden Lights". Her niece is actress Fay Ripley.

## Other websites

- Biography and discography at 45-rpm website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Twinkle
- **image**: Twinkle (1964).png
- **caption**: Twinkle in 1964
- **image size**: 250px
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Lynn Annette Ripley
- **birth place**: Surbiton, Surrey, England
- **death place**: Isle of Wight, England
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **genre**: Pop music
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter
- **years active**: 1963–1980s
- **label**: Decca Records
Priscilla Pointer

**Priscilla Marie Pointer** (May 18, 1924 – April 28, 2025) was an American actress. She began her career in the theater. Her daughter was actress Amy Irving. She was known for her roles in _Carrie_, _The Onion Field_, _Mommie Dearest_, _Twilight Zone: The Movie_, _A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors_, _Blue Velvet_ and _Coyote Moon_.

Pointer died at an assisted living facility in Ridgefield, Connecticut, on April 28, 2025, at the age of 100.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Priscilla Pointer
- **image**: Michael Dunn Priscilla Pointer The Inner Journey.JPG
- **caption**: Priscilla Pointer and Michael Dunn (c. 1968)
- **birth name**: Priscilla Marie Pointer
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Ridgefield, Connecticut, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1948-2014
- **spouse**: Robert Symonds
<small>(1981–2007; his death)</small>
Jules Irving
<small>(1947–1979; his death; 3 children)</small>
Airline food

**Airline food** is food served to passengers on an airplane. It is usually included in the price of the ticket, except for most low-cost airlines.  Some airlines now have a _buy-on-board_ menu, in which food and drinks are typically sold.  Some airline now offer small snacks, instead of meals.
Mafia (video game)

***Mafia*** (or ***Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven***) is a action-adventure video game about a group of people who are in the mafia gang. It was released In 2002 for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Microsoft Windows. A sequel to the video game called _Mafia II_ was released in 2010.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Mafia
- **developer**: Illusion Softworks
- **publisher**: Gathering of Developers
- **producer**: Lukáš Kuře
- **programmer**: Dan Doležel
- **artist**: Pavel Čížek
- **writer**: Daniel Vávra
- **composer**: Vladimír Šimůnek
- **series**: _Mafia (series), Mafia_
- **genre**: Action-adventure
- **modes**: Single-player
China men's national volleyball team

**China national volleyball team** is the national volleyball team of China. The team twice took part in the Summer Olympics, finishing in eighth place at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California., and 5th place in the 2008 Summer Olympics.

## Honors

- **Asian Championship**: Gold medal (1979, 1997, 1999)
- **Asian Games**: Gold Medal (1986, 1990, 1998)
- **Asian Cup**: Gold medal (2012)
- **Peace Cup**: Gold medal (1990)

## Other websites

- CH Vollyball

## Infobox (national volleyball team)

- **name**: China
- **federation**: Chinese Volleyball Association (CVA)
- **confederation**: AVC
- **coach**: Raúl Lozano (volleyball), Raúl Lozano
- **olympic apps**: 2
- **olympic first**: 1984
- **olympic best**: 5th (Volleyball at the 2008 Summer Olympics, 2008)
- **world champs apps**: 13
- **world champs first**: 1956
- **world champs best**: 7th (1978 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship, 1978, 1982 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship, 1982)
- **world cup apps**: 4
- **world cup first**: 1995
- **world cup best**: 10th (1995 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup, 1995, 2003 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup, 2003)
- **pattern b1**: _upper_red
- **leftarm1**: FF0000
- **body1**: FFFF00
- **rightarm1**: FF0000
- **shorts1**: FF0000
- **pattern b2**: _whiteshoulders
- **leftarm2**: FFFFFF
- **body2**: 003366
- **rightarm2**: FFFFFF
- **shorts2**: 003366
- **medaltemplates-expand**: y
Japan men's national volleyball team

**Japan national volleyball team** is the national volleyball team of Japan. Japan won a team Gold medal in the Olympics 1972. They've won Gold medals seven times in Asian Volleyball Championships. Their head coach is Masashi Nanbu.

## Honors

- **Olympic**: Gold medal (1972) - Silver Medal (1986)
- **World Cup** Silver medal: (1969 - 1977)
- **Asian Championship**: Gold medal (1975, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 2005, 2009)
- **Asian Games**: Gold medal (2010, 1994, 1982, 1974, 1970, 1966, 1958)

## Other websites

- JPN Vollyball - JVA

## Infobox (national volleyball team)

- **name**: Japan
- **nickname**: _RYUJIN NIPPON_
- **federation**: Japan Volleyball Association
- **website**: http://www.jva.or.jp/en/
- **confederation**: AVC
- **coach**: Yuichi Nakagaichi
- **olympic apps**: 8
- **olympic first**: 1964
- **olympic best**:  (1972)
- **world champs apps**: 13
- **world champs first**: 1960
- **world champs best**:  (1970, 1974)
- **pattern b1**: _thinredsides
- **leftarm1**: 000000
- **body1**: 000000
- **rightarm1**: 000000
- **shorts1**: 000000
- **pattern b2**: _wigan1213t
- **leftarm2**: ff0000
- **body2**: ff0000
- **rightarm2**: ff0000
- **shorts2**: ff0000
- **pattern b3**: _jap10a
- **leftarm3**: D1001C
- **body3**: ffffff
- **rightarm3**: D1001C
- **shorts3**: FFFFFF
- **medaltemplates-expand**: yes
Traffic (movie)

***Traffic*** is a 2000 American crime drama movie. It contains three stories of the illegal drug trade, one in Mexico, one in San Diego, one in Ohio. Catherine Zeta-Jones plays Helena. Erika Christensen plays Caroline. Dennis Quaid plays Arnie.

_Traffic_ got very positive reviews from movie critics. The movie got back over $207 million at the box office. It also earned four  Academy Awards, including Best Director and Best Film Editing.
Erika Christensen

**Erika Christensen** (born August 19, 1982) is an American actress who has acted in many movies and television programs. She played Julia on the NBC family series _Parenthood_. She also played Caroline in the movie _Traffic_.

She was born in Seattle, Washington.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Erika Christensen
- **image**: Erika Christensen Paleyfest 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Christensen at the 2013 Paley Center for Media, PaleyFest in Los Angeles
- **birth name**: Erika Jane Christensen
- **birth place**: Seattle, Washington (state), Washington, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1997–present
Nurse Betty

***Nurse Betty*** is a 2000 American black comedy movie. This movie is about a Kansas waitress who has a nervous breakdown after she sees her husband being murdered. Renée Zellweger plays Betty Sizemore. Chris Rock plays Wesley. Morgan Freeman plays Charlie. The movie won Best Screenplay at the Cannes Film Festival in 2000. The movie was rated R "for strong violence, pervasive language and a scene of sexuality". _Nurse Betty_ got very positive reviews from critics. Roger Ebert gave it three stars. Metacritic rated gave it a Metascore of 69. It was released on September 8, 2000.
Trituberculata

The **Trituberculata** is an extinct group of mammals in the fossil record from about 215–85 illion years ago (mya). The discoveries were isolated teeth, so not much else can be said about the animals. They were small insectivores, and probably nocturnal. The group contains the ancestors of Placentalia and Marsupialia; all modern mammals except Monotremes are descended from trituberculates.

The name comes from the three tubercles (cusps) of the molar teeth (not to be confused with Triconodonta). The clade Trituberculata is not always regarded as valid. They probably do not form a monophyletic group. Instead, some may be "true" basal mammals (though not always closest related to each other). Others (such as the symmetrodonts) may fall just outside the therian crown group.

## Sources

- Kemp T.S. 2005. _The origin and evolution of mammals_. Oxford University Press.
- Kermack D.M. & K.A. 1984. _The evolution of mammalian characters_. London: Croom Helm.
- Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia; Cifelli, Richard L. & Luo, Zhe-Xi  2004. _Mammals from the Age of Dinosaurs: origins, evolution, and structure_. Columbia University Press, New York, 2004 .
Radomir Naumov

**Radomir Naumov** (; 20 December 1946 – 22 May 2015) was a Serbian politician and engineer. He was the Minister of Mining and Energy from 3 March 2004 until 15 May 2007. He was also Minister of Religion from 15 May 2007 until 7 July 2008.

Naumov was born in Čoka. He graduated from the University of Belgrade. He was married to Marija.

Naumov died after an illness on 22 May 2015 in Belgrade. He was 68.
Barbegal aqueduct and mills

The **Barbegal aqueduct and mill** is a Roman watermill complex. It is on the territory of the commune of Fontvieille, near the town of Arles in southern France
Aleksey Mozgovoy

**Aleksey Borisovich Mozgovoy** (, , born _Oleksiy Borisovich Mozhovyj_; 3 April 1975 – 23 May 2015) was a Ukrainian pro-Russian separatist commander in the self-proclaimed Republic of Novorossiya until 20 May 2015. He was leader of the rebel battalion "Prizrak". He was born in Svatove Raion, Voroshilovgrad Oblast.

He and four other people were killed on 23 May 2015 in a car attack in Perevalsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast. He was 40.
Ontario Liberal Party

The **Ontario Liberal Party** is a provincial political party in Ontario, Canada. The party follows a political ideology that is similar to what the Liberal Party of Canada follows. Despite this, the two parties are two different parties.

The party comes from the Reform movement in the 1830s and 1840s. The party was organized in 1847 by George Brown. It won the 1871 provincial elections and remained in power until the general election of 1905.

Between 2003 and 2018, the Liberals won every election. After the 2018 elections, the Progressive Conservatives took over. They lost almost all their seats in the Legislative Assembly, except for seven seats. Because they only had seven seats, they lost their official party status.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Ontario Liberal Party
- **native name**: Parti libéral de l'Ontario
- **subheader**: Active provincial party
- **logo**: OLP Logo 2024.png
- **logo size**: 225px
- **leader**: Bonnie Crombie
- **president**: Katherine McGarry
- **headquarters**: 344 Bloor Street W
Suite 306
Toronto, Ontario
M5S 3A7
- **ideology**: Liberalism in Canada, Liberalism
Social liberalism
- **position**: Centrism, Centre to Centre-left politics, Centre-left
- **youth wing**: Ontario Young Liberals
- **colours**: Red
- **blank1 title**: Fiscal policy
- **blank2 title**: Social policy
- **seats1 title**: Seats in the House of Commons
- **seats2 title**: Seats in the Senate
- **seats3 title**: Seats in Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Legislature
- **country**: Canada
- **state**: Ontario
- **parties dab1**: List of political parties in Ontario
- **elections dab1**: List of Ontario general elections
Executive Council of Ontario

The **Executive Council of Ontario** (which is also called the Cabinet of Ontario) plays an important part in the Goverment of Ontario. It is made up of members of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The members of the council are appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. Each member is usually the head of a government ministry.