juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Istanbul Technical University

**Istanbul Technical University** is a public university in Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul Technical University was started in 1773. According to Times Higher Education, ITU is ranked 108th in the world and 1st in Turkey in the technology and engineering.

ITU's main campus is located on the Maslak. Istanbul's subway system has a stop at ITU's Maslak campus. ITU has 13 faculties and 6 institutes.

## Other websites

- Istanbul Technical University website, En
- Istanbul Technical University website, Tr
- ITU Mustafa Inan Library
- ITU Ninova e-Learning Center
- ARI Technopolis
- National High Performance Computing Center , Turkish language
- ITU EU Center
- ITU Dual Degree Programs
- ITU Science Center
- ITU Radio , first university radio station in Turkey
- ITU International Office
- ITU Photo Gallery
- Panoramic 360 ITU
- Arıyorum Newspaper
- arı24 Online News Service, operated by students
- ITU Magazine
- Arı Bulletin of ITU
- A|Z ITU Journal, Architecture Magazine of the Technical University

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Istanbul Technical University
- **image**: Cultural Center of Suleiman Demirel.jpg
- **caption**: ITU Süleyman Demirel Cultural Center in the main Ayazağa Campus of ITU.
- **established**: 1773
- **type**: Public
- **city**: Istanbul
- **country**: Turkey
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban
- **mascot**: Bee
- **sporting affiliations**: Turkish Basketball Division II
Saxifragaceae

**Saxifragaceae** is a family of flowering plant with about 460 known species in 36 genera. In Europe there are 12 genera. Most members of the Saxifrage family are herbs, and usually have a flower cluster held well above the basal whorl of leaves.
Lolol

**Lolol** () is a Chilean commune in the Province of Colchagua, O'Higgins. The town was founded in 1830. It has 2,118 inhabitants, as of 2002.

## Other websites

- Municipalidad de Lolol
Squat

**Squat** is a renowned element of many folk dances.
In powerlifting and bodybuilding, as well as in other sports, **squat** is an exercise that strengthens the muscles of the thighs, hips and buttocks, as well as the bones, ligaments and insertion of the tendons throughout the lower body.

## Health concerns

Although the squat is a basic element of weight training, it has been the subject of considerable controversy in recent years.  Some trainers allege that squats are associated with injuries to the lumbar spine and knees.  As a result, many trainers suggest that the standard barbell squat be modified in various ways.  Others, however, reject all suggestions that the exercise be abandoned, continuing to advocate the squat.
Georges Seurat

Seurat painted for a time with the Impressionist painters, Claude Monet, Renoir, Sisley and Pissarro. His scientific ideas about color then led him to develop a different painting technique. He painted in tiny dots of color, with the theory that the viewer's eye would mix them. This technique is called "pointillism".

Seurat and his followers are often referred to as the Neo-Impressionists ("New Impressionists"). His most famous paintings are _A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte_ (18841886) in the Chicago Art Institute and _Bathers at Asnières_ (1884) in the National Gallery, London.he  died in 1891, probably from some acute respiratory infection, such as diphteria, pneumonia, or meningitis, but the exact cause of his death is unclear.

## Related pages

- Impressionism
- Post-impressionism
- Expressionism
- Pointillism
Eugène Boudin

**Eugène Boudin** (12 July 1824 – 8 August 1898) was a French painter of landscapes and seascapes. He was one of the first landscape painters to paint outdoors, rather than in a studio. He was a great influence on the French Impressionists.

Boudin was born in Honfleur, France, and was the son of a sailor. In 1835 his father opened a small shop in Le Havre where Boudin worked with him, selling stationery and making picture frames. Boudin met many artists who put their paintings for sale in the shop. In his early twenties, Boudin went to Paris to study painting. He returned often to paint the seashores around his home.

In 1856 Boudin met Claude Monet who spent several months working with Boudin in his studio. The two remained lifelong friends. Monet later said that Boudin had been a major influence on him, teaching him to paint outdoors. Camille Corot who was one of the greatest influences on Monet and the other Impressionists, gazed at Boudin's work and said "You are the master of the sky."

The Eugene Boudin Prize is an award given by the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts of France.

## Related pages

- Claude Monet
- Impressionism
Boolean satisfiability problem

The **Boolean satisfiability problem** is a kind of problem in math-based logic. In propositional logic, a formula is _satisfiable_ if the variables it uses can be given values so that it becomes true. If however for a given formula, no values exist so that the formula becomes true and the formula will always be false no matter what values its variables have it is called "unsatisfiable".

This problem is also known as _Boolean or propositional satisfiability_. Computer scientists usually call it **SAT**.  Complexity theory believes that the formula should be in a special form, known as conjunctive normal form. A formula that is in this form has clauses. Clauses are joined by a "logical and". Each clause has several literals. They are joined by a "logical or". A literal and its complement cannot appear in the same clause. The problem may also have other names. The names depend on what the logical formula looks like. The names also depend on how many variables are used per clause.

A formula that satisfies 3SAT looks like the following:
- (_A_<sub>1</sub> OR _B_<sub>1</sub> OR _C_<sub>1</sub>) AND
- (_A_<sub>2</sub> OR _B_<sub>2</sub> OR _C_<sub>2</sub>) AND
- (_A_<sub>3</sub> OR _B_<sub>3</sub> OR _C_<sub>3</sub>) AND ...

In this case _(_A_<sub>1</sub> OR _B_<sub>1</sub> OR _C_<sub>1</sub>)_ is an example for a clause, and _B_<sub>1</sub> is one of the literals of this clause.

At the beginning of the 1970s, Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin showed that the problem is NP-complete. This is known as the Cook–Levin theorem.

The problem **3SAT** uses three variables per clause. It is one of the 21 NP-complete problems. They were defined by Richard Karp in 1972.
Denny Lemaster

**Denver Clayton Lemaster** (February 25, 1939 – July 24, 2024) was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He began his career when he was signed by the Milwaukee Braves. He spent 1958-early 1962 in the minors. He joined the Braves in 1962, and pitched his first game on June 15th. He played with the Braves until 1967. They had moved to Atlanta by that time. After the 1967 season he was traded to the Astros with Denis Menke. The Braves were given Sonny Jackson and Chuck Harrison. Lemaster played with the Astros for four years. He was then sold to the Montreal Expos, but was released halfway through the season.
Lemaster died on July 24, 2024, at the age of 85.

## Infobox (baseball biography)

- **name**: Denny Lemaster
- **position**: Pitcher
- **image**: Denny Lemaster.jpg
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Left
- **birth place**: Corona, California, U.S.
- **debutleague**: MLB
- **debutdate**: July 15
- **debutyear**: 1962
- **debutteam**: Milwaukee Braves
- **finalleague**: MLB
- **finaldate**: June 21
- **finalyear**: 1972
- **finalteam**: Montreal Expos
- **statleague**: MLB
- **stat1label**: Win–loss record (pitching), Win–loss record
- **stat1value**: 90–105
- **stat2label**: Earned run average
- **stat2value**: 3.58
- **stat3label**: Strikeouts
- **stat3value**: 1,305
- **teams**: *Atlanta Braves, Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (–)
*Houston Astros (–)
*Montreal Expos ()
- **highlights**: * Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star (1967 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1967)
NP-complete

An NP problem is an algorithmic problem such that if you have a case of the problem of size , the number of steps needed to check the answer is smaller than the value of some polynomial in . It doesn't mean one can find an answer in the polynomial number of steps, only check it.

An NP-complete problem is an NP problem such that if one could find answers to that problem in polynomial number of steps, one could also find answers to all NP problems in polynomial number of steps. This makes NP-complete decision problems the hardest problems in NP (they are NP-hard). People spent lots of time looking for algorithms that finds answers to some NP-complete problem in polynomial number of steps, but have not found any. Because of this, if someone shows a problem to be NP-complete, it is not likely that there is an algorithm solving it in polynomial number of steps.

The unsolved problem P = NP asks whether polynomial time algorithms actually exist for NP-complete, and by corollary, all NP problems. It is widely believed that this is not the case.

The Travelling salesman problem is an NP-Complete problem.
Cook–Levin theorem

The **Cook–Levin theorem** is a theorem from theoretical computer science, which says that the Boolean satisfiability problem is NP-complete. A deterministic Turing machine can change a problem in NP in polynomial time to the problem of determining whether a Boolean formula is satisfiable. An important consequence of the theorem is that if there exists a deterministic polynomial time algorithm for solving Boolean satisfiability, then there exists a deterministic polynomial time algorithm for solving _all_ problems in NP. The same follows for any NP-complete problem.

The question of whether such an algorithm exists is called the P versus NP problem and it is widely considered the most important unsolved problem in theoretical computer science. The theorem is named after Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin, who first described it in the 1970s.
Bill France, Sr.

**William Henry Getty France Sr.** (September 26, 1909 – June 7, 1992) was an American racecar driver, best known for being the co-founder of NASCAR. France was born in Washington, D.C.. He is also known as the creator of the Daytona International Speedway and the Talladega Superspeedway. France was put into the NASCAR Hall of Fame on May 23 2010.

France was the father of Bill France, Jr. (1933-2007) and grandfather of Brian France.
Denis Menke

**Denis John Menke** (July 21, 1940 – December 1, 2020) was a professional baseball infielder.

He was born on July 23, 1940, in Bancroft, Iowa. He was signed by the Milwaukee Braves in 1958. He came to the major leagues in 1962.

He became a regular player in 1963. He was traded with Denny Lemaster to the Astros in 1967. He played for Houston for four years, and was elected to the All-Star team as a backup player twice. He was then part of an eight-player trade the Astros made with the Reds. The trade was Menke, Ed Armbrister, Jack Billingham, Cesar Geronimo, and future Hall-of-Famer Joe Morgan for All-star Lee May, All-star Tommy Helms, and Jimmy Stewart.

He played in the 1972 World Series. He batted .083 in 24 at-bats.

Menke died at his home in Tarpon Springs, Florida on December 1, 2020 at the age of 80.
Huaso

A **huaso** (feminine **huasa**, but most commonly **china**) is a Chilean countryman and skilled horseman, very similar to the gauchos, cowboys, vaqueros and charros. Huasos are found in central and southern Chile.

Huasos are an important part of the culture of Chile, and are a vital part of parades, parties, and holidays. The Region of O'Higgins is the place where are found the most of the Chilean huasos.

## Related pages

- Rodeo of Chile
- Horses of Chile
- Vaquero
- Cowboy (U.S.A)
- Gaucho (Argentina, Uruguay, Rio Grande do Sul)
- Charro (Mexican cowboy, nomad and _bandolero_)
- Guajiro (Cuba)
- Llanero (Venezuela and Colombia)
Purchase

**Pursaching** is the buying of goods or services. An item that has been bought is called a **pursache**. The opposite of a **pursache** is a sale. In common usage, the shorter word "buy" is typically used when shopping, rather than the word "**pursache**".

However, the word has been used in many major historical terms, including:

- the Louisiana Pursache  (of 1803), which greatly increased the size of the U.S.;
    - the Purchsache System in the British Army;
    - the Ashbourne Irish Land Pursache Act, or similar laws;
    - a Pursache and Sale Agreement, as a contract between a buyer and seller of land (real estate).

The word _pursache_ is often used in contracts with "acquisition", as in the term "Acquisitions and Mergers" (A&M) in legal agreements made between large companies. Those contracts typically state than a company was _purchased_ by another company.
Stargate (movie)

***Stargate*** is a 1994 science fiction movie, starring Kurt Russell as Colonel Jonathan Jack O'Neil, James Spader as Dr. Daniel Jackson and Jaye Davidson as Ra.

Although the movie got mixed reviews from movie critics, it did very well at the box office with a revenue of $196.6 million, which was nearly four times higher than its budget of $55 million. The financial success of this movie also started the Hollywood career of Roland Emmerich and it became a cult movie.

## Plot

In a dig at Giza in 1928,  scientists find a big metalic ring inscribed with hieroglyphics. Archeologist Doctor Daniel Jackson is called by the U.S. Air Force to translate hieroglyphics on the ring. They find out that the ring is actually a piece of alien technology that creates wormholes to transport people across the universe. A military team under the command of the U.S. Air Force Colonel Jonathan Jack O'Neil goes through the stargate with Jackson, and after the journey find out that they cannot get back to Earth. They find a city of ancient Egyptian-like people under the tyrannical rule of Ra, who is an alien posing as their god. They eventually kill Ra with a nuclear blast and figure out how to get back to Earth, but Jackson gets married and stays on the planet.

## Related pages

- Stargate SG-1
- Stargate Atlantis

## Other websites

- MGM official site
- StarGate - The Motion Picture Fansite
- GateGuide.net - The Stargate Website Directory
- Producer comments  from GateWorld.  Visited May 14, 2006.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Stargate
- **director**: Roland Emmerich
- **producer**: Dean Devlin
- **writer**: Roland Emmerich
 Dean Devlin
- **starring**: Kurt Russell
 James Spader
 Jaye Davidson
- **studio**: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
- **distributor**: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
- **released**: 28 October, 1994
- **runtime**: 121 min.
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $55,000,000 (est.)
- **gross**: $196,600,000
- **music**: David Arnold
Pandanaceae

**Pandanaceae** is a family of flowering plants found in the Old World tropical and subtropical regions, from West Africa through the Pacific. It contains five genera and about 900 species of trees, shrubs and root climbers. Most members of the family prefer living in coastal or marshy areas.
Gilmar Silva Santos

**Gilmar Silva Santos** (born 9 March 1984) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Clube Náutico Capibaribe.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2006|Tokyo Verdy|J2 League|18|9|1|0|-|19|9||
|2007|Yokohama FC|J1 League|5|0|0|0|3|1|8|1|
|2007|Tokyo Verdy|J2 League|12|1|0|0|-|12|1||

## Honours

- América de Natal
- Campeonato Potiguar: 2015

- Santo André
- Campeonato Paulista Série A2: 2016

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Gilmar
- **fullname**: Gilmar Silva Santos
- **birth place**: Ubatã, Brazil
- **currentclub**: Clube Náutico Capibaribe, Náutico
- **position**: Midfielder#Attacking midfielder, Attacking Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 2000–2002
- **youthclubs1**: Esporte Clube Vitória, Vitória
- **years1**: 2003–2005
- **clubs1**: Esporte Clube Vitória, Vitória
- **years2**: 2006
- **clubs2**: → Santos Futebol Clube, Santos (loan)
- **years3**: 2006
- **clubs3**: Tokyo Verdy
- **years4**: 2007
- **clubs4**: Yokohama FC
- **years5**: 2007
- **clubs5**: Tokyo Verdy
- **years6**: 2008–2009
- **clubs6**: Clube Náutico Capibaribe, Náutico
- **years7**: 2009–2011
- **clubs7**: EA Guingamp, Guingamp
- **years8**: 2010
- **clubs8**: → Grêmio Prudente Futebol, Prudente (loan)
- **years9**: 2012
- **clubs9**: Avaí Futebol Clube, Avaí
- **years10**: 2012
- **clubs10**: Criciúma Esporte Clube, Criciúma
- **years11**: 2013
- **clubs11**: Oeste Futebol Clube, Oeste
- **years12**: 2013–2015
- **clubs12**: ABC Futebol Clube, ABC
- **years13**: 2015
- **clubs13**: América Futebol Clube (RN), América de Natal
- **years14**: 2016
- **clubs14**: Esporte Clube Santo André, Santo André
- **years15**: 2017
- **clubs15**: Itumbiara Esporte Clube, Itumbiara
- **years16**: 2017–
- **clubs16**: Clube Náutico Capibaribe, Náutico
- **pcupdate**: 21 May 2013
Zé Luís (footballer, born 1979)

**José Luís Santos da Visitação** (born 23 March 1979) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Paraná Clube.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||15||3||0||0||15||3
|-
|2007||21||1||0||0||21||1
36||4||0||0||36||4
36||4||0||0||36||4

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Zé Luís
- **fullname**: José Luís Santos da Visitação
- **birth place**: Salvador, Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- **position**: Midfielder#Defensive midfielder, Defensive midfielder
- **currentclub**: Paraná Clube
- **years1**: 1997–2002
- **years2**: 1999
- **years3**: 2003
- **years4**: 2004
- **years5**: 2005–2007
- **years6**: 2006–2007
- **years7**: 2007
- **years8**: 2008–2009
- **years9**: 2010–2011
- **years10**: 2011
- **years11**: 2012
- **years12**: 2012–
- **clubs1**: Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube, Mogi Mirim
- **clubs2**: → Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, Cruzeiro (loan)
- **clubs3**: Marília Atlético Clube, Marília
- **clubs4**: Clube Atlético Mineiro, Atlético Mineiro
- **clubs5**: Associação Desportiva São Caetano, São Caetano
- **clubs6**: → Tokyo Verdy (loan)
- **clubs7**: → São Paulo FC, São Paulo (loan)
- **clubs8**: São Paulo FC, São Paulo
- **clubs9**: Clube Atlético Mineiro, Atlético Mineiro
- **clubs10**: Esporte Clube Vitória, Vitória
- **clubs11**: Itumbiara Esporte Clube, Itumbiara
- **clubs12**: Paraná Clube
- **caps3**: 26
- **goals3**: 4
- **caps4**: 31
- **goals4**: 3
- **caps5**: 40
- **goals5**: 3
- **caps6**: 36
- **goals6**: 4
- **caps7**: 4
- **goals7**: 0
- **caps8**: 48
- **goals8**: 1
- **caps9**: 24
- **goals9**: 1
- **caps10**: 22
- **goals10**: 1
- **pcupdate**: December 6, 2009
Juan Pedro Benali

**Juan Pedro Benali** (born 25 March 1969) is a Spanish football manager.

Now he is currently recruited as the Head Coach of NorthEast United Football Club in the Indian Super League (ISL) in India.
Manuel dos Santos (footballer)

**Manuel dos Santos Fernandes** (born 28 March 1974) is a former French football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1995–96||rowspan="2"|Monaco||rowspan="2"|Division 1||20||0
|-
|1996–97||2||0
|-
|1997–98||rowspan="3"|Montpellier||rowspan="3"|Division 1||32||0
|-
|1998–99||32||0
|-
|1999–00||30||0
|-
|2000–01||rowspan="4"|Olympique Marseille||rowspan="2"|Division 1||27||0
|-
|2001–02||26||0
|-
|2002–03||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||33||1
|-
|2003–04||12||0

|-
|2004–05||rowspan="2"|Benfica||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||21||0
|-
|2005–06||3||0

|-
|2005–06||rowspan="2"|Monaco||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||15||1
|-
|2006–07||25||0
|-
|2007–08||Strasbourg||Ligue 1||18||0
272||2
24||0
296||2
|}

## Honours

**Monaco**
- Ligue 1: 1996–97

**Montpellier**
- UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1999

**Marseille**
- UEFA Cup runner-up: 2003–04

**Benfica**
- Primeira Liga: 2004–05
- Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2005
- Taça de Portugal runner-up: 2004–05

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Manuel dos Santos
- **fullname**: Manuel dos Santos Fernandes
- **birth place**: Praia, Portuguese Cape Verde, Cape Verde
- **height**: 1.72 m
- **position**: Defender (association football)#Full-back, Left back
- **youthyears1**: 1984–1994
- **youthclubs1**: AS Monaco FC, Monaco
- **years1**: 1994–1997
- **years2**: 1997–2000
- **years3**: 2000–2004
- **years4**: 2004–2005
- **years5**: 2006–2007
- **years6**: 2007–2008
- **years7**: 2009–2010
- **clubs1**: AS Monaco FC, Monaco
- **clubs2**: Montpellier HSC, Montpellier
- **clubs3**: Olympique de Marseille, Marseille
- **clubs4**: S.L. Benfica, Benfica
- **clubs5**: AS Monaco FC, Monaco
- **clubs6**: RC Strasbourg, Strasbourg
- **clubs7**: Rapid de Menton, Rapid Menton
- **caps1**: 22
- **caps2**: 94
- **caps3**: 98
- **caps4**: 24
- **caps5**: 40
- **caps6**: 37
- **totalcaps**: 315
- **goals1**: 0
- **goals2**: 0
- **goals3**: 1
- **goals4**: 0
- **goals5**: 1
- **goals6**: 0
- **totalgoals**: 2
Alberto Aquilani

**Alberto Aquilani** (born 7 July 1984) is a former Italian football player.

### Club

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="2"|National cup|colspan="2"|League cup|colspan="2"|Europe|colspan="2"|Other|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="7"|Roma|2002–03|Serie A|1|0|1|0|–|–|–|2|0||||
|2004–05|Serie A|29|0|4|0|–|5|0|–|38|0|||||
|2005–06|Serie A|24|3|4|2|–|8|1|–|36|6|||||
|2006–07|Serie A|13|1|3|0|–|5|0|1|2|22|3||||
|2007–08|Serie A|21|3|4|1|–|5|0|1|0|31|4||||
|2008–09|Serie A|14|2|1|0|–|4|0|1|0|20|2||||
|Triestina (loan)|2003–04|Serie B|41|4|–|–|–|–|41|4||||||
|rowspan="3"|Liverpool|2009–10|Premier League|18|1|2|0|1|0|5|1|–|26|2||
|2010–11|Premier League|0|0|0|0|0|0|2|0|–|2|0||||
|Juventus (loan)|2010–11|Serie A|33|2|1|0|–|0|0|–|34|2||||
|Milan (loan)|2011–12|Serie A|23|1|1|0|–|7|0|0|0|31|1|||
|rowspan="4"|Fiorentina|2012–13|Serie A|25|7|2|0|–|–|–|27|7||||
|2013–14|Serie A|31|6|3|0|–|10|1|–|44|7|||||
|2014–15|Serie A|25|0|2|0|–|7|1|–|34|1|||||
|Sporting CP|2015–16|Primeira Liga|19|3|2|0|3|1|8|1|0|0|32|5||
|Pescara|2016–17|Serie A|9|1|0|0|–|–|–|9|1|||||
|Sassuolo (loan)|2016–17|Serie A|16|0|0|0|–|–|–|16|0|||||
|Las Palmas|2017–18|La Liga|21|0|2|0|–|–|–|23|0|||||

### International

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="9"|Italy|2006|1|0|
|2007|2|0|||
|2008|7|2|||
|2009|1|0|||
|2010|1|0|||
|2011|9|1|||
|2012|1|0|||
|2013|11|2|||
|2014|5|0|||

- _Scores and results list Italy's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Aquilani goal._

|scope="col"|No.|scope="col"|Date|scope="col"|Venue|scope="col"|Opponent|scope="col"|Score|scope="col"|Result|scope="col"|Competition|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|15 October 2008|Lecce, Italy||1–0|2–1|2010 FIFA World Cup qualification||||||||
|2|2–1|||||||||||||
|3|10 August 2011|Bari, Italy||2–1|2–1|Friendly||||||||
|4|31 May 2013|Bologna, Italy||4–0|4–0|Friendly||||||||
|5|11 October 2013|Copenhagen, Denmark||2–2|2–2|2014 FIFA World Cup qualification||||||||

## Managerial statistics

|rowspan="2"|Team|rowspan="2"|Nat|rowspan="2"|From|rowspan="2"|To|colspan="8"|Record|rowspan=2||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align=left|Pisa||align=left|1 July 2023|align=left|30 June 2024||||||

### Player

**Roma**
- Coppa Italia: 2006–07, 2007–08
- Supercoppa Italiana: 2007

**Italy U19**
- UEFA European Under-19 Championship: 2003

**Italy**
- FIFA Confederations Cup third place: 2013

**Individual**
- UEFA European Under-19 Championship Player of the Tournament: 2003
- UEFA European Under-21 Championship Team of the Tournament: 2007

### Manager

**Fiorentina Primavera**
- Coppa Italia Primavera: 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22
- Supercoppa Primavera: 2021, 2022
Flavio Roma

**Flavio Roma** (born 21 June 1974) is an Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1992/93||Lazio||Serie A||0||0
|-
|1993/94||Mantova||Serie C1||3||0
|-
|1994/95||Lazio||Serie A||0||0
|-
|1995/96||Venezia||Serie B||7||0
|-
|1996/97||Fiorenzuola||Serie C1||19||0
|-
|1997/98||Foggia||Serie B||36||0
|-
|1998/99||ChievoVerona||Serie B||30||0
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Piacenza||Serie A||32||0
|-
|2000/01||Serie B||38||0

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="8"|Monaco||Division 1||21||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="7"|Ligue 1||28||0
|-
|2003/04||34||0
|-
|2004/05||34||0
|-
|2005/06||15||0
|-
|2006/07||38||0
|-
|2007/08||29||0
|-
|2008/09||4||0

|-
|2009/10||Milan||Serie A||||
165||0
203||0
368||0
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|2005||3||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}
Bernard Allou

**Bernard Allou** (born 19 June 1975) is a former professional footballer who played as a winger. He most notably played for Paris Saint-Germain, Nagoya Grampus Eight and Nottingham Forest. The highlight of this time at PSG was playing as they won the 1995 Coupe de la Ligue Final against SC Bastia. Born in Ivory Coast, he represented France at youth level.

## Career statistics

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="2"|National cup|colspan="2"|League cup|colspan="2"|Continental|colspan="2"|Other|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="5"|Paris Saint-Germain|1998–99|Division 1|7|3|2|0|0|0|1|0|–|10|3||
|1995–96|Division 1|19|0|1|0|1|0|3|0|–|24|0||||
|1996–97|Division 1|12|0|1|0|1|0|4|2|1|0|19|2|||
|1997–98|Division 1|3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|–|3|0||||
|Nagoya Grampus Eight|1998|J1 League|10|4|0|0|3|0|–|–|13|4||||
|rowspan="3"|Nottingham Forest|1998–99|Premier League|2|0|0|0|0|0|–|–|2|0|||
|1999–2000|First Division|4|1|0|0|4|1|–|–|8|2|||||
|R.W.D. Molenbeek|2001–02|Belgian First Division|23|5|||–|–|–|23|5|||||

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Bernard Allou
- **birth place**: Cocody, Ivory Coast
- **height**: 1.72 m
- **position**: Winger (association football), Winger
- **youthclubs1**: Paris Saint-Germain F.C., Paris Saint-Germain
- **years1**: 1994–1998
- **clubs1**: Paris Saint-Germain F.C., Paris Saint-Germain
- **caps1**: 41
- **goals1**: 3
- **years2**: 1998
- **clubs2**: Nagoya Grampus, Nagoya Grampus Eight
- **caps2**: 10
- **goals2**: 4
- **years3**: 1999–2001
- **clubs3**: Nottingham Forest F.C., Nottingham Forest
- **caps3**: 6
- **goals3**: 1
- **years4**: 2001–2002
- **clubs4**: R.W.D. Molenbeek
- **caps4**: 23
- **goals4**: 5
- **years5**: 2002–2004
- **clubs5**: R.W.S. Bruxelles, White Star Woluwé
- **years6**: 2004–2006
- **clubs6**: Léopold FC, Uccle Leo Forestoise
- **years7**: 2006–2008
- **clubs7**: R.W.S. Bruxelles, White Star Woluwé
- **nationalyears1**: 1996
- **nationalteam1**: France national under-20 football team, France U20
- **nationalcaps1**: 3
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 1994–1997
- **nationalteam2**: France national under-21 football team, France U21
- **nationalcaps2**: 5
- **nationalgoals2**: 2
Éric Carrière

**Éric Carrière** (born 24 May 1973) is a French football player. He has played for France national team.

### Club career statistics

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="2"|Cup|colspan="2"|Continental|colspan="2"|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="7"|Nantes|1996–97|rowspan="6"|Division 1|2|0|1|0|3|0|6|0|
|1997–98|27|1|1|0|1|0|29|1|||||
|1998–99|33|1|7|0|–|40|1||||||
|1999–00|32|5|7|2|6|1|45|8|||||
|2000–01|33|5|8|2|8|1|49|8|||||
|2001–02|1|0|–|–|1|0|||||||
|rowspan="4"|Lyon|2001–02|Division 1|27|4|4|0|9|4|40|8||
|2002–03|rowspan="2"|Ligue 1|37|6|2|0|7|2|46|8|||
|2003–04|28|2|3|0|6|0|37|2|||||
|rowspan="5"|Lens|2004–05|rowspan="4"|Ligue 1|33|3|4|0|–|37|3||
|2005–06|26|0|2|0|12|0|40|0|||||
|2006–07|32|2|5|1|9|0|46|3|||||
|2007–08|23|0|6|2|6|2|35|4|||||
|rowspan="3"|Dijon|2008–09|rowspan="2"|Ligue 2|36|7|2|0|–|38|7||
|2009–10|31|0|2|1|–|33|1||||||

### International career statistics

|-
|2001||5||2
|-
|2002||5||3
|-
!Total||10||5
|}

## Honours

**Nantes**
- Division 1: 2000–01
- Coupe de France: 1998–99, 1999–2000
- Trophée des Champions: 1999

**Lyon**
- Division/Ligue 1: 2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04
- Trophée des Champions: 2002, 2003

**Lens**
- UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2005

**France**
- FIFA Confederations Cup: 2001

**Individual**
- Division 1 Player of the Year: 2001
- FIFA Confederations Cup Silver Shoe: 2001

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Eric Carrière
- **image**: KL 2018 (12) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Carrière in 2018
- **fullname**: Eric Gérard Carrière
- **birth place**: Foix, France
- **height**: 1.74 m
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 1978–1981
- **youthclubs1**: US Villenave-d'Ornon
- **youthyears2**: 1981–1992
- **youthclubs2**: CS Auch
- **youthyears3**: 1992–1995
- **youthclubs3**: AS Muret, Muret
- **youthyears4**: 1995–1996
- **youthclubs4**: FC Nantes, Nantes
- **years1**: 1996–2001
- **clubs1**: FC Nantes, Nantes
- **caps1**: 128
- **goals1**: 12
- **years2**: 2001–2004
- **clubs2**: Olympique Lyonnais, Lyon
- **caps2**: 92
- **goals2**: 12
- **years3**: 2004–2008
- **clubs3**: RC Lens, Lens
- **caps3**: 114
- **goals3**: 5
- **years4**: 2008–2010
- **clubs4**: Dijon FCO, Dijon
- **caps4**: 67
- **goals4**: 7
- **totalcaps**: 401
- **totalgoals**: 36
- **nationalyears1**: 2001–2006
- **nationalteam1**: France national football team, France
- **nationalcaps1**: 10
- **nationalgoals1**: 5
Eliézio

**Eliézio Santos Santana** (born 31 March 1987) is a Brazilian football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2005||Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Eliézio
- **fullname**: Eliézio Santos Santana
- **birth place**: Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- **currentclub**: Fukushima United FC
- **position**: Defender (association football)#Centre-back, Central defender
- **youthyears1**: 2002–2004
- **youthclubs1**: Kanto Daiichi High School
- **years1**: 2005
- **clubs1**: Urawa Reds
- **years2**: 2006
- **clubs2**: Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, Cruzeiro
- **years3**: 2007
- **clubs3**: F.C. Porto, Porto
- **years4**: 2007
- **clubs4**: → U.D. Leiria, União Leiria (loan)
- **years5**: 2007–2010
- **clubs5**: Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, Cruzeiro
- **years6**: 2008
- **clubs6**: → Itumbiara Esporte Clube, Itumbiara (loan)
- **years7**: 2009
- **clubs7**: → Esporte Clube Democrata, Democrata-GV (loan)
- **years8**: 2010
- **clubs8**: → América Futebol Clube (Teófilo Otoni), América de Teófilo Otoni (Loan)
- **years9**: 2010–2011
- **clubs9**: Esporte Clube São José, São José-POA
- **years10**: 2011–2012
- **clubs10**: Portimonense S.C., Portimonense
- **years11**: 2012
- **clubs11**: Esporte Clube Avenida, Avenida
- **years12**: 2012
- **clubs12**: Esporte Clube Pelotas, Pelotas
- **years13**: 2012
- **clubs13**: Vera Cruz Futebol Clube, Vera Cruz
- **years14**: 2013
- **clubs14**: Nacional Futebol Clube, Nacional de Manaus
- **years15**: 2014
- **clubs15**: União Recreativa dos Trabalhadores, URT
- **years16**: 2015
- **clubs16**: Sinop Futebol Clube, Sinop
- **years17**: 2015
- **clubs17**: Concórdia Atlético Clube, Concórdia
- **years18**: 2016
- **clubs18**: Colo Colo de Futebol e Regatas, Colo Colo
- **years19**: 2016
- **clubs19**: Marília Atlético Clube, Marília
- **years20**: 2017
- **clubs20**: Interporto Futebol Clube, Interporto
- **years21**: 2018–
- **clubs21**: Fukushima United FC
- **nationalyears1**: 2007
- **nationalteam1**: Brazil national under-20 football team, Brazil U20
Ben Thatcher

**Ben Thatcher** (born 30 November 1975) is an Welsh football player. He has played for Wales national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="3"|Millwall||rowspan="3"|First Division||8||0||1||0||0||0||9||0
|-
|1994/95||40||1||4||0||4||0||48||1
|-
|1995/96||42||0||2||0||2||0||46||0
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Wimbledon||rowspan="4"|Premier League||9||0||0||0||0||0||9||0
|-
|1997/98||26||0||3||0||3||0||32||0
|-
|1998/99||31||0||2||0||7||0||40||0
|-
|1999/00||20||0||0||0||2||0||22||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Tottenham Hotspur||rowspan="3"|Premier League||12||0||0||0||3||0||15||0
|-
|2001/02||12||0||2||0||3||0||17||0
|-
|2002/03||12||0||1||0||1||0||14||0
|-
|2003/04||Leicester City||Premier League||29||1||0||0||0||0||29||1
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Manchester City||rowspan="3"|Premier League||18||0||1||0||2||0||21||0
|-
|2005/06||18||0||0||0||1||0||19||0
|-
|2006/07||11||0||0||0||0||0||11||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Charlton Athletic||Premier League||11||0||0||0||0||0||11||0
|-
|2007/08||League Championship||11||0||0||0||0||0||11||0
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Ipswich Town||rowspan="2"|League Championship||20||0||1||0||2||0||23||0
|-
|2009/10||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
330||2||17||0||30||0||377||2
330||2||17||0||30||0||377||2
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|2004||7||0
|-
!Total||7||0
|}
Gnathostomulida

**Gnathostomulids**, or **jaw worms**, are a small phylum of marine invertebrates which were discovered in 1956. They are tiny worm-like marine animals. They live in sand and mud beneath shallow coastal waters and can survive in relatively anoxic environments.

## Anatomy

Most gnathostomulids measure 0.5 to 1 millimetre (0.02 to 0.04 in) in length. They are slender to thread-like worms, with a transparent body. The neck region is slightly narrower than the rest of the body, giving them a distinct head.

Like flatworms they have a ciliated epidermis, but are unique in having but one cilium per cell. The cilia allow the worms to glide along in the water between sand grains, although they also have muscles that allow the body to twist or contract.

They have no circulatory or respiratory system. The nervous system is very simple, and restricted to the outer layers of the body wall. The only sense organs are modified cilia, which are especially common in the head region.

The mouth is just behind the head, on the underside of the body. It has a pair of muscular jaws supplied with minute teeth, and a plate on the lower surface that bears a comb-like structure which they use to scrape smaller organisms off of the grains of sand that make up their anoxic seabed mud habitat. The mouth opens into a blind-ending tube in which digestion takes places; there is no anus.

### Taxonomy

There are approximately 100 described species and certainly many more as yet undescribed. Gnathostomulids have no fossil record.

## Reproduction

Gnathostomulids are simultaneous hermaphrodites. Each individual possesses a single ovary and one or two testes. After fertilisation, the single egg ruptures through the body wall and adheres to nearby sand particles; the parent is able to rapidly heal the resulting wound. The egg hatches into a miniature version of the adult, without a larval stage.
Alexandre Lopes

**Alexandre Paes Lopes** (born 29 October 1974) is a Brazilian professional athlete.  He is best known as a football player. He has played for Brazil national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="2"|Criciúma||rowspan="2"|Série A||9||2
|-
|1995||21||1
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Corinthians Paulista||rowspan="2"|Série A||11||1
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Sport Recife||rowspan="2"|Série A||19||1
|-
|1998||23||0
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Fluminense||||0||0
|-
|2000||Série A||0||0
|-
|2001||Goiás||Série A||10||2

|-
|2001||Spartak Moscow||Top Division||1||0

|-
|2002||rowspan="2"|Tokyo Verdy||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||20||2
|-
|2003||22||1

|-
|2004||Internacional||Série A||9||0
|-
|2005||Portuguesa Desportos||Série B||0||0
|-
|2006||Criciúma||Série C||0||0
102||7
1||0
42||3
145||10
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||3||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}

## Other websites

- Sambafoot.com, Alexandre Lopes ; [http://www.sambafoot.com/pt/jogadores/647_alexandre_lopes.html ]
Leandro (footballer, born February 1985)

**Leandro Montera da Silva** (born 12 February 1985) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Al-Sadd.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2005||Omiya Ardija||J. League 1||7||1||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||8||1
|-
|2006||Montedio Yamagata||J. League 2||40||23||2||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||42||27
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||32||15||0||0||3||2||colspan="2"|-||35||17
|-
|2008||25||7||1||2||4||1||colspan="2"|-||30||10
|-
|2009||Gamba Osaka||J. League 1||21||11||0||0||2||1||6||10||29||22

|-
|2009/10||Al-Sadd||Stars League||21||20||2||0||4||9||6||5||33||34
125||57||4||6||9||4||6||10||144||77
21||20||2||0||4||9||6||5||33||34
146||77||6||6||13||13||12||15||177||111
|}
Yosuke Kobayashi

**Yosuke Kobayashi** (born 6 May 1983) is a Japanese former football player.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2002|Urawa Reds|J1 League|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|
|2003|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|||
|2004|Yokogawa Musashino|Football League|29|12|-|-|29|12|||
|2005|29|3|-|-|29|3|||||
|2006|33|23|-|-|33|23|||||
|2007|Rosso Kumamoto|Football League|22|5|0|0|-|22|5||
|2008|Roasso Kumamoto|J2 League|3|0|0|0|-|3|0||
|2009|Matsumoto Yamaga FC|Regional Leagues|14|10|3|1|-|17|11||
|2010|Football League|16|2|1|2|-|17|4|||
|2011|Yokogawa Musashino|Football League|30|9|-|-|0|0|||
|2012|27|2|4|1|-|31|3||||
|2013|10|0|0|0|-|10|0||||

## References

- Matsumoto Yamaga

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Yosuke Kobayashi
小林 陽介
- **fullname**: Yosuke Kobayashi
- **birth place**: Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **youthyears1**: 1999–2001
- **youthclubs1**: Urawa Reds
- **years1**: 2002–2003
- **clubs1**: Urawa Reds
- **caps1**: 0
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 2004–2006
- **clubs2**: Tokyo Musashino City FC, Yokogawa Musashino
- **caps2**: 91
- **goals2**: 38
- **years3**: 2007–2008
- **clubs3**: Roasso Kumamoto
- **caps3**: 25
- **goals3**: 5
- **years4**: 2009–2010
- **clubs4**: Matsumoto Yamaga FC
- **caps4**: 30
- **goals4**: 12
- **years5**: 2011–2013
- **clubs5**: Tokyo Musashino City FC, Yokogawa Musashino
- **caps5**: 67
- **goals5**: 11
- **totalcaps**: 213
- **totalgoals**: 66
Anoxia

**Anoxia** or **hypoxemia** is a low level of oxygen in the blood. The word "anoxic" used in biology to refer to habitats with little or no oxygen.

Anoxic events occur when an area of ocean loses most of its oxygen below the surface layers.

## Related pages

- Ischaemia
- Hypoxia
Epidermis

The **epidermis** is the  skin or surface layer of an animal or plant. At its most basic, it is a sheet of cells. The cells are continually replaced by cell division (mitosis), and the layer (in animals) is sensitive to stimuli such as touch. In land vertebrates the epidermis has many layers; the outer layers may be reinforced by keratin.

## Related pages

- Skin
- Epidermis (botany)
- Epidermis (zoology)
Eddie Pope

**Eddie Pope** (born 24 December 1973) is a former American soccer player. He has played for United States national team.

### Club

http://www.mlssoccer.com/players/eddie-pope
|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Continental|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1996|D.C. United|Major League Soccer|18|2|1|1|6|1|0|0|25|5|
|1997|29|3|0|0|5|0|0|0|34|3|||
|1998|20|1|0|0|6|0|0|0|26|1|||
|1999|19|1|0|0|6|0|0|0|25|1|||
|2000|21|0|1|0|0|0|0|0|22|0|||
|2001|19|0|3|1|0|0|0|0|22|1|||
|2002|17|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|17|0|||
|2003|MetroStars|20|0|4|2|2|0|0|0|26|2||
|2004|22|0|1|0|2|0|0|0|25|0|||
|2005|Real Salt Lake|20|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|20|1||
|2006|22|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|22|0|||
|2007|27|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|27|1|||

### International goals

|#|Date|Venue|Opponent|Score|Result|Competition|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|March 16, 1997|Palo Alto, California||**2**–0|3–0|1998 World Cup qualifying|
|2|April 20, 1997|Foxboro, Massachusetts||**1**–1|2–2|1998 World Cup qualifying|
|3|February 7, 1998|Oakland, California||**1**–0|2–1|1998 CONCACAF Gold Cup|
|4|August 16, 2000|Foxboro, Massachusetts||**1**–0|7–0|2002 World Cup qualifying|
|5|April 17, 2002|Dublin, Ireland||**1**–1|1–2|Friendly|
|6|April 29, 2004|Dallas, Texas||**1**–0|1–0|Friendly|
|7|January 29, 2006|Carson, California||**3**–0|5–0|Friendly|
|8|February 10, 2006|San Francisco, California||**1**–0|3–2|Friendly|

## Honors

- DC United
- MLS Cup: 1996, 1997, 1999
- Supporters' Shield: 1997, 1999
- U.S. Open Cup: 1996
- CONCACAF Champions League: 1998
- Copa Interamericana: 1998

- United States
- CONCACAF Gold Cup: 2005

- Individual
- MLS All-Star: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
- MLS Best XI: 1997, 1998, 2003, 2004
- MLS Defender of the Year: 1997
- MLS Fair Play Award: 2004
- National Soccer Hall of Fame 2011 Inductee

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Eddie Pope
- **image**: Eddie Pope cropped.jpgborder
- **caption**: Pope in 2008
- **fullname**: George Edward Pope
- **birth place**: High Point, North Carolina, U.S.
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **collegeyears1**: 1992–1995
- **college1**: North Carolina Tar Heels men's soccer, North Carolina Tar Heels
- **years1**: 1996–2002
- **years2**: 2003–2004
- **years3**: 2005–2007
- **clubs1**: D.C. United
- **clubs2**: MetroStars
- **clubs3**: Real Salt Lake
- **caps1**: 143
- **caps2**: 42
- **caps3**: 69
- **goals1**: 8
- **goals2**: 0
- **goals3**: 2
- **totalcaps**: 254
- **totalgoals**: 10
- **nationalyears1**: 1996–2006
- **nationalteam1**: United States men's national soccer team, United States
- **nationalcaps1**: 82
- **nationalgoals1**: 8
- **pcupdate**: October 19, 2007
- **ntupdate**: August 3, 2006
Double check

**Double check** is a chess term. It describes when the king is being attacked from two places at once. This forces the king to move, because taking one attacker or blocking one attacker will not solve the problem from the other attacker.
Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation

The **Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation** ('SIUT') is a largest dialysis & kidney transplant centre in Pakistan.

All services including dialysis and transplantation are provided free of charge.

It was founded by Dr. Syed Adeebul Hasan Rizvi and it is the country's largest kidney disease center, as well as Parkistan's largest public sector health organisation.

The Institute started as a department of urology at the government-run Civil Hospital, in Karachi, in 1970 and received autonomy in 1991.

They perform 10 to 12 transplants every week, and in 2003 performed Pakistan's first liver transplant. In 2004, a unit for children was opened.

## Other websites

- Officia Website of SIUT
Tuck Everlasting (2002 movie)

***Tuck Everlasting*** is a 2002 movie based on the book _Tuck Everlasting_ by Natalie Babbitt published in 1975. This Disney version was directed by Jay Russell.
William Jennings Bryan

**William Jennings Bryan** (March 19, 1860-July 26, 1925) was an American politician in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.  He was from the Midwest.  He is known for supporting causes such as the silver standard or creationism. In the 1890s, he was a Congressman from Nebraska.  He gained fame in 1896 for the "Cross of Gold Speech", a speech about the American economy he gave to the Democratic Party. He ran for President as a Democrat three times, in 1896, 1900, and 1908, but lost each time. During this time, he was the main leader of the Democratic Party. He was one of the first people who gave lots of speeches around the country while running for President, and continued to give speeches even when not running on what was called the "Chatauqua Circuit". He was United States Secretary of State from 1913 to 1915.  In his last years, he was one of the lawyers in the Scopes Monkey Trial. He is portrayed in the movie _Inherit the Wind_ by the character Matthew Harrison Brady.

## Infobox (congressman)

- **name**: William Jennings Bryan
- **image**: WilliamJBryan1902.png
- **office**: United States Secretary of State
- **order**: 41st
- **term start**: March 5, 1913
- **term end**: June 9, 1915
- **president**: Woodrow Wilson
- **predecessor**: Philander C. Knox
- **successor**: Robert Lansing
- **state5**: Nebraska
- **district5**: Nebraska's 1st congressional district, 1st
- **term start5**: March 4, 1891
- **term end5**: March 3, 1895
- **predecessor5**: William James Connell
- **successor5**: Jesse Burr Strode
- **birth place**: Salem, Illinois, Salem, Illinois
- **death place**: Dayton, Tennessee
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Mary Baird Bryan
- **children**: Ruth Bryan Owen,
 William Jennings Bryan Jr., Grace Bryan
- **alma mater**: Illinois College, Northwestern University School of Law, Union College of Law
- **profession**: Politician, Lawyer
- **signature**: William Jennings Bryan Signature 2.svg
Regeneration

**Regeneration** means that an organism regrows a lost part, so that the original function is restored. It is a term in developmental biology.

The ability to regenerate differs in different groups. Whereas newts, for example, can regenerate severed limbs, mammals cannot. Limb regeneration in newts occurs in two major steps, first de-differentiation of adult cells into a stem cell state similar to embryonic cells and second, development of these cells into new tissue more or less the same way it developed the first time.

Simpler animals like flatworms can regenerate because the adults retain clusters of stem cells in their bodies. These can migrate to damaged parts of the body, then divide and differentiate to provide the missing tissue.
Lowell, Massachusetts

**Lowell** is a city in Massachusetts. It has a population of 115,554, which makes it one of the largest cities in the state. It has historically been known for having factories that made textiles (clothes and fabric). It has been a city of immigrants, first of Irish and later of Cambodians.

## People from Lowell

- Jack Kerouac (d. 1969), writer (_On the Road)_

- Bette Davis (d. 1989), Academy Award-winning actress

- Boney James (born 1961), saxophonist, songwriter, and record producer

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Lowell, Massachusetts
- **settlement type**: City
- **image flag**: Flag of Lowell, Massachusetts.png
- **image seal**: Seal of Lowell, Massachusetts.png
- **nickname**: Mill City, Spindle City, City of Lights City of Magic
- **motto**: "Art is the Handmaid of Human Good."
- **image map**: Middlesex County Massachusetts incorporated and unincorporated areas Lowell highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts
- **pushpin map**: USA Massachusetts#USA
- **pushpin label**: Lowell
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Massachusetts
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Massachusetts, County
- **subdivision name2**: Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Middlesex
- **subdivision type3**: List of regions of the United States, Region
- **subdivision name3**: New England
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1652
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1826
- **established title3**: A city
- **established date3**: 1836
- **government type**: Council-manager government, Manager-City council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: City Manager
- **area total km2**: 37.63
- **area total sq mi**: 14.53
- **area land km2**: 35.25
- **area land sq mi**: 13.61
- **area water km2**: 2.38
- **area water sq mi**: 0.92
- **elevation m**: 31
- **elevation ft**: 102
- **population total**: 115554
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 3278.02
- **population density sq mi**: 8489.75
- **population blank2 title**: Demonym
- **population blank2**: Lowellian
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 01850, 01851, 01852, 01853, 01854
- **area code**: Area code 978, 978 / Area code 351, 351
- **website**: [http://www.lowellma.gov/ City of Lowell, Massachusetts]
- **timezone**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, Eastern
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Standard Time Zone, Eastern
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 25-37000
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0611832
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **named for**: Francis Cabot Lowell