juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Proto-Norse language

**Proto-Norse** or **Proto-Nordic** was an Indo-European language spoken in Scandinavia that is thought to have diverged from Proto-Germanic sometime between 200 BC and 200. It was spoken until ca 800, when it evolved into Old Norse.

There is a corpora of ca 200 runic inscriptions of which the earliest are from ca 200. The inscription found on the Gallehus horn is the most famous example and comes from the 5th century. It reads _Ek hlewagastir holtijar horna tawido_ (I Leeguest of Holt made the horn) and it would in Old Norse have been _Ek Hlégestr hyltir táða horn_. The R was a sound special to Proto-Norse, which evolved and disappeared, derived from the phoneme _z_; It was pronounced like Czech _ř_.

Some Proto-Norse names are found in latin works such as tribal names e.g. _Suiones_ (Swedes).

## Infobox (language)

- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Germanic languages, Germanic
- **nativename**: __
- **name**: Proto-Norse
- **altname**: Proto-Nordic, Proto-North Germanic, Northern Proto-Germanic
- **script**: Elder Futhark, Old Futhark
- **ancestor**: Proto-Indo-European
- **ancestor2**: Proto-Germanic
- **iso2**: gmq
- **iso3**: gmq
- **linglist**: 1be
- **era**: to
Taku Etō

is a Japanese politician. He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2003. He was the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries from 2024 until 2025 in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba. He was in this role before from 2019 to 2020 during the Shinzo Abe government. His father was controversial former government minister, Takami Eto.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Taku Etō
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Taku Etō 2024.jpg
- **caption**: Etō in 2024
- **office**: Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan), Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
- **primeminister**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **term start**: 11 November 2024
- **term end**: 21 May 2025
- **predecessor**: Yasuhiro Ozato
- **successor**: Shinjirō Koizumi
- **primeminister1**: Shinzo Abe
- **term start1**: 11 September 2019
- **term end1**: 16 September 2020
- **predecessor1**: Takamori Yoshikawa
- **successor1**: Kōtarō Nogami
- **office2**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives
- **term start2**: 10 November 2003
- **constituency2**: Miyazaki 2nd district, Miyazaki 2nd
- **predecessor2**: Takami Eto
- **birth place**: Hyūga, Miyazaki, Hyuga, Miyazaki Prefecture, Miyazaki, Japan
- **father**: Takami Eto
- **alma mater**: Seijo University
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic (2003–2005; 2006–present)
- **otherparty**: Independent politician, Independent (2005–2006)
Hiromasa Nakano

**Hiromasa Nakano** (born 4 January 1978) is a Japanese politician. He was the minister of land, infrastructure, transport and tourism from 2024 until 2025. He has also been a member of the House of Representatives since 2012.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Hiromasa Nakano
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Hiromasa Nakano 20241206.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2024
- **office**: Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
- **primeminister**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **term start**: 11 November 2024
- **term end**: 21 October 2025
- **predecessor**: Tetsuo Saito
- **successor**: Yasushi Kaneko
- **office1**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives
- **constituency1**: Hyōgo 8th district, Hyōgo 8th
- **term start1**: 18 December 2012
- **predecessor1**: Yasuo Tanaka (politician), Yasuo Tanaka
- **birth place**: Kyoto, Japan
- **party**: Komeito
- **alma mater**: University of Tokyo
Columbia University
Keisuke Suzuki

is a Japanese politician. He is a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2012. In 2024, he became the Minister of Justice.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Keisuke Suzuki
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Keisuke Suzuki 2023.png
- **office**: Minister of Justice (Japan), Minister of Justice
- **term start**: 11 November 2024
- **term end**: 21 October 2025
- **primeminister**: Shigeru Ishiba
- **predecessor**: Hideki Makihara
- **successor**: Hiroshi Hiraguchi
- **office1**: Member of the House of Representatives (Japan), House of Representatives
- **term start1**: 16 December 2012
- **constituency1**: Kanagawa 7th district, Kanagawa 7th

Southern Kanto proportional representation block, Southern Kanto PR block

- **term start2**: 11 September 2005
- **termend2**: 21 July 2009
- **constituency2**: Southern Kanto PR block
- **birth place**: London, England
- **party**: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan), Liberal Democratic
- **alma mater**: University of Tokyo
Liang Guanglie

**Liang Guanglie** (, also spelled as **Liang Kuang-lieh**; December 1940 – 12 November 2024) was a Chinese general. He was the Minister of National Defense from 2008 to 2013. He was also the State Councilor of the People’s Republic of China during this time. Liang was born in Santai, Sichuan, China. He was a member of the Chinese Communist Party.

Liang died in Beijing, China on 12 November 2024, at the age of 83.
Song Jae-rim

**Song Jae-rim** (; 18 February 1985 – 12 November 2024) was a South Korean actor and model. He modeled for the magazines _Bazaar Korea_, _Vogue Girl Korea_, _Dazed Korea_, _Nylon Korea_, _GQ Korea_, _Arena Homme + Korea_, _Esquire Korea_, and _Marie Claire Korea_. Song began acting in 2009. He was known for his roles in _Moon Embracing the Sun_ (2012), _Two Weeks_ (2013), and _We Got Married_ (2015). He was born in Seoul, South Korea.

Song was found dead at his home in Seoul on 12 November 2024, aged 39. A suicide note was found at the scene.
Alix Didier Fils-Aimé

**Alix Didier Fils-Aimé** is a Haitian businessman and politician who has been the acting Prime Minister of Haiti since 10 November 2024. He was the president of the Chamber of Commerce of Haiti in the government of the former president Michel Martelly.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alix Didier Fils-Aimé
- **image**: Alix Didier Fils-Aimé - Premier ministre 3x4 portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Fils-Aimé in 2024
- **order**: Acting
- **office**: Prime Minister of Haiti
- **appointer**: Transitional Presidential Council
- **term start**: 10 November 2024
- **predecessor**: Garry Conille (acting)
- **office2**: President (government title), President of the Chamber of Commerce of Haiti
- **termend2**: 7 February 2016
- **termstart2**: 14 May 2011
- **president2**: Michel Martelly
- **nationality**: Haitian
- **education**: Boston University
- **occupation**: Politician and economist
- **alt**: Headshot of Fils-Aimé looking down and speaking into an iPhone
Frank Auerbach

**Frank Helmut Auerbach** (29 April 1931 – 11 November 2024) was a German-British painter. He was born in Berlin, Germany. He was thought to be one of the popular names in the School of London. He also wrote many books about art in London.

Auerbach became a naturalised citizen of the United Kingdom in 1947. He had escaped Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. His parents stayed behind in Germany, and were killed in the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1942.

Auerbach died on 11 November 2024 in London at the age of 93.

## Other websites

- _Frank Auerbach: To The Studio_ documentary (2001) Jake Auerbach Films
- Marlborough Art Gallery, artists' page
- BBC Radio 3 interview with Frank Auerbach
Anora

***Anora*** is a 2024 American romantic comedy-drama movie written, directed, and edited by Sean Baker. It is about a quick marriage between Brooklyn stripper Anora (Mikey Madison) and son of a Russian oligarch Ivan Zakharov (Mark Eydelshteyn).

_Anora_ was released on October 18, 2024, by Neon to strong positive reviews.

It won five awards at the 97th Academy Awards, more than any other movie, winning for Best Picture, Best Actress (Madison), Best Original Screenplay, Best Film Editing, and Best Director.

## Infobox (film)

- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Sean Baker (filmmaker), Sean Baker
- **writer**: Sean Baker
- **cinematography**: Drew Daniels
- **editing**: Sean Baker
- **music**: Matthew Hearon-Smith
- **distributor**: Neon (company), Neon
- **runtime**: 139 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **budget**: $6 million
- **gross**: $14.8 million
Sean Baker

**Sean Baker** (born February 26, 1971) is an American filmmaker. He is best known for directing independent movies about immigrants and sex workers. He is best known for directing the 2024 movie _Anora_. For this movie, he won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director.

## Career

His is known for his movies _Take Out_ (2004), _Starlet_ (2012), _Tangerine_ (2015), _The Florida Project_ (2017), _Red Rocket_ (2021), and _Anora_ (2024).

For his work on _Anora_, Baker received many awards, including the Palme d'Or and the BAFTA Award for Best Casting, alongside his wife Samantha Quan. He is the first person to win four Academy Awards (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Film Editing) for the same movie. He also tied the record with Walt Disney and Bong Joon-ho for most Academy Awards won in a single ceremony.

## Personal life

Baker was born in Summit, New Jersey. He received his BFA degree in film studies from New York University through the Tisch School of the Arts. He also studied editing at The New School.

Baker is married to Samantha Quan, a producer on many of his movies. Baker was an opiate addict in his 20s.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sean Baker
- **image**: Sean Baker at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Baker in 2024
- **birth name**: Sean S. Baker
- **birth place**: Summit, New Jersey, U.S.
- **alma mater**: New York University (Bachelor's degree, BA)
- **occupation**: Filmmaker
- **years active**: 2000–present
- **spouse**: Samantha Quan
Pixel 9 Pro Fold

The **Pixel 9 Pro Fold** is an Android-powered foldable smartphone designed, developed, and marketed by Google as part of the Google Pixel product line. It was successor to the first-generation Pixel Fold. It was officially announced on August 13, 2024, at the annual Made by Google event, and was released in the United States on September 4, 2024.

## Related pages

- Pixel 9
Lorenzo Fernández

**Lorenzo Fernández** (May 20, 1900 – November 16, 1973), nicknamed _El Gallego_ (The Galician), was a Spanish-born Uruguayan footballer. He was capped 31 times for Uruguay, and played for them at four South American Championships, the 1928 Summer Olympics, and the 1930 FIFA World Cup.

## Honours

- Atlético Wanderers
- FUF Campeonato Uruguayo: 1923

- Peñarol
- Uruguayan Primera División: 1928, 1929, 1932, 1935
- "La Tribuna Popular" Trophy: 1932
- José Piendibene Cup: 1929
- Mirurgia Cup: 1928
- Ricardo Pittaluga Cup: 1928
- Copa Aldao: 1928

### International

- Uruguay
- FIFA World Cup: 1930
- Summer Olympics gold medal: 1928
- South American Championship: 1926, 1935
- Copa Newton: 1929, 1930
- Copa Lipton: 1927, 1929

### Individual

- IFFHS Uruguayan Men's Dream Team (Team B)

## Other websites

- 1928 Summer Olympics Final
- National Appearances
- Part of Uruguays "Iron Curtain" Defence

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Lorenzo Fernández
- **image**: Lorenzo Fernández (1928).jpg
- **caption**: Lorenzo Fernández in 1928
- **birth place**: Redondela, Spain
- **death place**: Montevideo, Uruguay
- **position**: Formation (association football)#2–3–5 (Pyramid), Halfback (center-half)
- **years1**: 1915–1917
- **clubs1**: C.A. Capurro
- **caps1**: 42
- **goals1**: 7
- **years2**: 1917–1919
- **clubs2**: River Plate F.C.
- **caps2**: 59
- **goals2**: 1
- **years3**: 1919–1922
- **clubs3**: C.A. Capurro
- **caps3**: 91
- **goals3**: 12
- **years4**: 1922–1924
- **clubs4**: Montevideo Wanderers F.C., Atlético Wanderers
- **caps4**: 55
- **goals4**: 8
- **years5**: 1924–1928
- **clubs5**: C.A. Capurro
- **caps5**: 62
- **goals5**: 10
- **years6**: 1928–1935
- **clubs6**: C.A. Peñarol, Peñarol
- **caps6**: 543
- **goals6**: 31
- **years7**: 1935–1936
- **clubs7**: Club Atlético River Plate (Uruguai), River Plate
- **caps7**: 28
- **goals7**: 3
- **years8**: 1938–1939
- **clubs8**: Defensor Sporting Club, Defensor
- **caps8**: 25
- **goals8**: 4
- **totalcaps**: 905
- **totalgoals**: 63
- **nationalyears1**: 1925–1935
- **nationalteam1**: Uruguay national football team, Uruguay
- **nationalcaps1**: 31
- **nationalgoals1**: 4
- **manageryears1**: 1941–1942
- **managerclubs1**: C.A. Peñarol, Peñarol
- **manageryears2**: 1950
- **managerclubs2**: Liverpool F.C. (Montevideo), Liverpool
Ghostery

**Ghostery** is a free and open-source browser extension and mobile browser application. It provides tracking and ad-blocking services. Ghostery is currently owned by German company Cliqz GmbH, previously owned by Evidon, Inc.

Ghostery “blocks ads, cookies, popups & other trackers.” This allows the user to engage in a more private browser experience, also giving fast internet.

As of 2024, Ghostery is currently available on Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Opera, Microsoft Edge, and Firefox for Android.

## Infobox (software)

- **title**: Ghostery
- **logo**: Ghostery logo.svg
- **logo size**: 250
- **logo alt**: The logo of Ghostery
- **developer**: David Cancel
Christopher Tino
José María Signanini
Serge Zarembsky
Patrick Lawler
Caleb Richelson
- **released**: 2009
- **repo**: https://github.com/ghostery/ghostery-extension
Anna Lo

**Anna Manwah Lo** (MBE) is a former politician and social worker from Northern Ireland. She is best known for being the first politician from an ethnic minority to be elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly and the first politician of Chinese ethnicity elected to a legislative assembly in the United Kingdom. A member of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland, Anna Lo served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Belfast South from 2007 to 2016.

## Early life and education

Anna Lo was born in Hong Kong and spent her early years in the city before moving to the United Kingdom. She pursued studies in social work and, upon moving to Northern Ireland, became involved in various social and community services.

## Related pages

- Alliance Party of Northern Ireland

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Anna Lo
- **honorific-suffix**: MBE
- **caption**: Anna Lo in 2023
- **birth place**: Hong Kong
- **nationality**: British
- **citizenship**: United Kingdom
- **party**: Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
- **office**: Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly
- **constituency**: Belfast South
- **term start**: 7 March 2007
- **term end**: 30 March 2016
- **profession**: Politician, Social Worker
Paula Bradshaw

**Paula Bradshaw** is a Northern Irish politician and member of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland. Since 2016, she has served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for South Belfast. Known for her work in health and social policy, Bradshaw is an advocate for progressive policies in healthcare, women’s rights, and social justice.

## Early Life and Education

Paula Bradshaw was born in Northern Ireland and grew up in a politically engaged community. She pursued studies in public administration and social policy, which laid the foundation for her career in public service.

## Political Career

Paula Bradshaw began her political journey with the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland, a party that promotes liberal, centrist policies and is committed to overcoming sectarianism in Northern Irish politics. She was first elected as an MLA for South Belfast in the 2016 Northern Ireland Assembly elections.

## Related pages

- Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
- Northern Ireland Assembly

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Paula Bradshaw
- **caption**: Paula Bradshaw in 2023
- **birth place**: Northern Ireland
- **nationality**: British
- **citizenship**: United Kingdom
- **party**: Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
- **office**: Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly
- **constituency**: South Belfast
- **term start**: 2016
- **profession**: Politician
Ella Jenkins

**Ella Louise Jenkins** (August 6, 1924 – November 9, 2024) was an American singer-songwriter. She was called "The First Lady of the Children's Folk Song". She was a leading performer of folk and children's music.

Jenkins was born into an African American family in St. Louis, Missouri in 1924. She died on November 9, 2024 at an assisted living facility in Chicago at the age of 100.
Ulster University

**Ulster University** (_Ollscoil Uladh_), informally known as **Ulster**, is a public research university in Northern Ireland with multiple campuses located across Belfast, Coleraine, Jordanstown, and Magee. Established in 1968, it is one of the largest universities in Ireland and is known for its emphasis on research, innovation, and community engagement.

## History

Ulster University was founded in 1968, as the _New University of Ulster_ (NUU) in Coleraine. In 1984, NUU merged with the Ulster Polytechnic in Jordanstown to form what is now known as Ulster University. The university expanded significantly in subsequent years, developing into a multi-campus institution with locations across Northern Ireland. In recent years, the university has invested in modern facilities, particularly in the Belfast and Magee campuses.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Ulster University
- **native name**: Ollscoil Uladh
- **caption**: Logo of Ulster University
- **motto**: _For the benefit of all_
- **established**: 1968
- **type**: Public research university
- **chancellor**: Colm Murphy
- **vice chancellor**: Professor Paul Bartholomew
- **students**: Approximately 27,000
- **undergrad**: 21,500
- **postgrad**: 5,500
- **location**: Northern Ireland
- **campuses**: Belfast, Coleraine, Jordanstown, Magee, and others
Ectopoglossus astralogaster

***Ectopoglossus astralogaster*** is a frog.  It lives in Panama.

## Body

Scientists saw one adult female frog. She was 22 mm long from nose to rear end. She had white spots on her belly.

## Name

Scientists named this frog for the Greek words _astralos_ for "spotted" and _gaster_ for "stomach." Together, they mean "starry belly."

## Home

Scientists saw the frog near streams in forests. Scientists saw the frog between 700 and 900 meters above sea level.

Scientists have not seen the frog inside Chagres National Park, but they think it may live there.

## Danger

Scientists do not know if this frog is in danger of dying out. They think it probably lives inside protected parks, but they are not sure.
Warkany syndrome

**Warkany syndrome** is the name for two different syndromes

- Warkany syndrome 1, a recessive gene defect on the X chromosome
- Warkany syndrome 2, a different name of the mosaic form of Trisomy 8
Conference of the parties (disambiguation)

Conventions with a COP (or **conference of the parties**) include

- Year 2024
    - COP29 Baku Azerbaijan
    - COP16 Colombia, biological diversity (meeting or) conference
- COP28 Dubai, year 2023, climate change conference
- Year 2022
    - COP27 Sharm El-Sheikh, or 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference (picture)
    - COP15, or 2022 United Nations Biodiversity Conference (picture)
- COP26 Glasgow, year 2021, climate change conference
- COP25 Madrid, or 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference
- Year 2018
    - COP24 Katowice  , or 2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference
    - COP 14 Sharm El-Sheikh, or 2018 United Nations Biodiversity Conference
- COP23 (led by) Fiji (and held in) Bonn, or 2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference
- COP22 Marrakech, or 2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference
- COP21 Paris, or 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference
- COP20 Lima, or 2014 United Nations Climate Change Conference
- COP19 Warsaw, or 2013 United Nations Climate Change Conference
- Year 2012
    - COP18 Doha, or 2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference
    - COP11 Hyderabad, or 2012 Hyderabad Biodiversity Conference
- COP17 Durban, or 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference
- Year 2010
    - COP16 Cancún, or 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference
    - COP10 Nagoya, biodiversity conference
- COP15 Copenhagen, or Copenhagen climate summit
- Year 2008
    - COP 14 Poznań, or 2008 United Nations Climate Change Conference
    - COP9 Bonn, biodiversity conference

- COP9 Milan, or 2003 United Nations Climate Change Conference
- Year 2002
    - COP8 New Delhi, climate changemeeting
    - COP6 The Hague, biodiversity meeting

- COP4
    - COP4 Buenos Aires, or 1998 United Nations Climate Change Conference
    - COP4 Bratislava, biodiversity meeting, year 1998
- COP1 Berlin, year 1995, led to the later Kyoto Protocol
- COP1 Nassau, year 1994; It came as a result of the treaty, Convention on Biological Diversity (or "Biodiversity Convention").
Other,
- Basel Convention
- Chemical Weapons Convention
- Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
- Minamata Convention on Mercury
- Ramsar Convention
- Rotterdam Convention
- Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
- United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
- United Nations Convention against Corruption
- WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

## Related pages

- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic

The **Alsace-Lorrain Soviet Republic** (German: ***Räterepublik Elsaß-Lothringen**,_ French: ***République Soviétique d'Alsace-Lorraine)**_ Was a soviet republic established in November 1918 shortly after the November Revolution in Germany. The insurgency was a series of events which occurred when the region of Alsace–Lorraine passed from German to French sovereignty at the end of World War I. During this month, international events were linked to domestic troubles, particularly the German Revolution.

## Sources

- Döblin, A.: _Bourgeois & soldats (Novembre 1918)_, novel, . In French. Part I of a tetralogy; the whole four books are available in German, .
- Eschbach, J.: _Au Coeur de la Resistance Alsacienne. Le Combat de Paul Dingler_, Bentzinger, 2005. .
- Troester, J.: _22 novembre 1918 : les Français à Strasbourg_, in _La Grande Guerre Magazine_ 38, April 2003.

## External links

- ,

## Infobox (former country)

- **conventional long name**: Alsace–Lorraine Soviet Republic
- **common name**: Alsace–Lorraine
- **native name**:

- **image flag**: Socialist red flag.svg
- **capital**: Strasbourg
- **government type**: Soviet republic
- **year end**: 1918
- **year start**: 1918
- **event start**: Republic proclaimed
- **date start**: 10 November
- **event end**: Occupied by France
- **date end**: 22 November
- **p1**: German Empire
- **p2**: Alsace–Lorraine
- **s1**: French Third Republic
- **flag p1**: Flag of the German Empire.svg
- **flag p2**: Dienstflagge Elsaß-Lothringen Kaiserreich.svg
- **flag s1**: Flag of France.svg
Italian occupation of France

**Italian-Occupied France,** (Italian: _Occupazione italiana della Francia meridionale_; French: _Zone d'occupation italienne en France_) was an area of south-eastern France and Monaco occupied by Fascist Italy between 1940 and 1943 in parallel to the German occupation of France.

## Infobox (former subdivision)

- **noautocat**: no
- **common name**: Italian-occupied France
- **native name**: Amministrazione militare italiana in Francia (Italian language, Italian)
Administration militaire italienne en France (French language, French)
- **status text**: Royal Italian Army during World War II, Italian military occupation
- **image map**: Italian occupied France.jpg
- **capital**: Menton
- **government type**: Military administration
- **era**: World War II
- **event start**: Italian invasion of France, Italian invasion
- **date start**: 10 June
- **year start**: 1940
- **date event1**: 24 June 1940
- **event2**: Case Anton
- **date event2**: 11 November 1942
- **event end**: Armistice with Italy, Italian surrender
- **date end**: 8 September
- **year end**: 1943
- **title leader**: 4th Army (Italy), Commander
- **leader1**: Alfredo Guzzoni
- **year leader1**: 1940
- **year leader2**: 1940–1941
- **leader3**: Mario Vercellino
- **year leader3**: 1941–1943
- **image flag**: Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg
- **flag**: Flag of Italy
- **flag type**: Flag of Italy
- **image coat**: Lesser coat of arms of the Kingdom of Italy (1929-1943).svg
- **p1**: French Third Republic**1940:**
French Third Republic
- **flag p1**: Flag of France.svg
- **p2**: Vichy France**1942:**
French State
- **flag p2**: Flag of France.svg
- **s1**: German military administration in occupied France during World War IIGerman Military Administration
- **flag s1**: War ensign of Germany (1938–1945).svg
Mauryan reconquest of South

There are no indepth details of this reconquest but according to a Jain text, after the death of Emperor Ashoka, the regions of Saurashtra, Maharashtra, Andhra, and Mysore became independent during the reign of his successor, Dasharatha. Later, these areas were brought back under control by Samprati, who is said to have sent soldiers disguised as Jain monks to help regain the territories.

Samprati sent missionaries along with his soldiers, likely of the Svetambara tradition, to South India with the goal of expanding Jainism into less civilized regions and reconquering the previously lost areas. These missionaries, disguised as Jaina monks, traveled to the area and instructed the local people on the types of food and items that monks could accept as alms. They encouraged the people to offer these items to the monks instead of paying the usual taxes to the revenue collectors who would come periodically.

In reality, these revenue collectors were also Jaina monks. Having set the groundwork, Samprati then persuaded his religious superiors to send actual monks to these regions, believing they would be able to live there without difficulty. As a result, Jain missionaries were dispatched to the Andhras and Dravidians, who found the conditions just as the king had described. Thus, Jainism spread among these previously uncivilized communities.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Mauryan reconquest of South
- **partof**: Mauryan Empire, Decline of the Mauryan Empire
- **date**: 224 BCE
- **place**: South India (Modern day India)
- **result**: * Spread of Jainism throughout the southern part of the Indian subcontinent, Indian Subcontinent
- **territory**: Territories lost of southern India reconquered as tributaries
- **combatant2**: South India, Southern Kingdoms
- **combatant1**:  Mauryan Empire
- **commander2**: Unknown
- **commander1**:  Samprati
- **image**: Emperor Samprati Maurya.jpg
- **caption**: Emperor Samprati of Mauryan Empire, Mauryan dynasty.
Investigative journalism

**Investigative journalism** is a kind of journalism where the reporters try to cover a single topic in detail. Example topics include serious crimes, racial injustice, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report. Practitioners sometimes use the terms "watchdog reporting" or "accountability reporting".

Most investigative journalism has traditionally been conducted by newspapers, wire services, and freelance journalists. With the decline in income through advertising, many traditional news services have struggled to fund investigative journalism, due to it being very time-consuming and expensive. Journalistic investigations are increasingly carried out by news organizations working together, even internationally (as in the case of the Panama Papers and Paradise Papers), or by nonprofit outlets such as ProPublica, which rely on the support of the public and benefactors to fund their work.

Other examples are Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein of Washington Post, who  uncovered the Watergate scandal, or Seymour Hersh who wrote about the My Lay Massacre,in 1968,  where U.S. soldiers had killed over 500 people in a village in Vietnam. In 2004, Hearsh published a report on the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse, in Iraq.
Doraemon: Nobita and the Knights on Dinosaurs

**Doraemon: Nobita and the Knights on Dinosaurs** is an animated kids movie. It focuses on Nobita arguing that prehistoric creatures known as dinosaurs still exist, and his theory is true when his entire team spots dinosaurs one by one.

## Plot

When Nobita argues that prehistoric dinosaurs still exist on Earth, Suneo disproves him. He asks Doraemon for help but later gets convinced by Doraemon's gadget. While playing with Suneo's remote control airplane, Gian loses control of it, and it falls right into a river. After Gian flees, Suneo sees a huge _Barosaurus lentus_ in the river. Fearful, he meets Doraemon and Nobita, but then runs away. Nobita and Doraemon go to the hill behind their school and Doraemon finds a tunnel. At night, Suneo again spots the same _Barosaurus_ in his yard, but thinks he's mentally ill.

The next day, Nobita takes everyone to the tunnel. Suneo comes out of an exit and spots a _Guaibasaurus candelarensis_ herd, but no one believes him.

Frightened, he runs into a cave, gets lost, and is caught by a knight on a _Gallimimus bullatus_. The others have to hurry home as Gian and Nobita's moms are furious. A day later, the Anywhere Hole is destroyed, preventing them from going underground again. At night, they go to the river and find another entrance to the underworld, where they get caught by kappas, who kill a _Teratophoneus curriei_. They are rescued by Banhou and go to a museum, only to find that the underworld humans have evolved from a _Staurikosaurus pricei_, and that something or someone is behind the extinction of that dinosaur.

While riding a herbivorous _Concavenator corcovatus_, Nobita is accidentally taken to the forbidden building. At the end of the film, the main characters are treated as heroes.
Roy Haynes

**Roy Owen Haynes** (March 13, 1925 – November 12, 2024) was an American jazz drummer. He was one of the most popular drummers in jazz. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His career began in 1942. He played swing, bebop, jazz fusion and avant-garde jazz.

Haynes died on November 12, 2024 in Long Island, New York at the age of 99.

## Other websites

- Roy Haynes – Featured Musician (Drummer Cafe)
- Drummerworld article
- Interview
- Concert Review
- Interview for the NAMM Oral History Program (2008)
Bent Mejding

**Bent Mejding** (14 January 1937 – November 2024) was a Danish actor, stage director, and theatre manager. He was known for his roles in _Brothers_ (2004), _We Shall Overcome_ (2008) and _A Royal Affair_ (2012).

Mejding died of pneumonia in November 2024 at the age of 87.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bent Mejding
- **birth place**: Svendborg, Denmark
- **death place**: Copenhagen, Denmark
- **nationality**: Denmark, Danish
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1957–2024
- **children**: 2
La Mákina

**La Mákina** was a Puerto Rican merengue band. It started in the 1990s. Fernando Colon (a past bassist for Los Sabrosos del Merengue) and Orlando Santana (who worked with Wilfrido Vargas and Toño Rosario) organized the group. Many of the group's songs have ranked on the Hot Latin Songs chart in the United States. The band received a nomination for Tropical New Artist of the Year at the 1997 Lo Nuestro Awards. Anthony Maldonado was the lead singer of the band, but he left in 2000, because he wanted to become a solo singer.
Indo-Iranic peoples

**Indo-Iranic peoples** is the name given to the group that covers Iranic peoples, Indo-Aryans and Nuristanis today. In the historical sense, it is the group that defined itself as Aryan and eventually split into Iranians, Indo-Aryans and Nuristanis. They spoke the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European languages.

## List of peoples today

|Name|Population|Main country|Religion|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Bengalis||Bangladesh India|**Predominantly:** Islam** Minority:**|
|Punjabis||Pakistan India|**Predominantly:** Islam **Minority:**|
|Marathi people||India|**Predominantly:** Hinduism **Minority:**|
|Maithils||India|**Predominantly:** Hinduism **Minority:**|
|Gujarati people||India|**Predominantly:** Hinduism **Minority:**|
|Persians||Iran|**Predominantly:** Islam (mostly Shia Islam, minority Sunni Islam) **Minority:**|
|Pashtuns|over 50 million|Pakistan Afghanistan|**Predominantly:** Islam (mostly Sunni Islam, minority Shia Islam)|
|Bhojpuri people||India|**Predominantly:** Hinduism **Minority:**|
|Sindhis||Pakistan|**Predominantly:** Islam **Minority:** Hindusim|
|Odia people||India|**Predominantly:** Hinduism **Minority:**|
|Kurds||Turkey Iran Iraq Syria|**Predominantly:** Islam (mostly Sunni Islam, minority Shia Islam and Kurdish Alevism) **Minority:**|
|Saraiki people||Pakistan|**Predominantly:** Islam **Minority:**|
|Tajiks||Afghanistan Tajikistan Russia Uzbekistan|**Predominantly:** Islam (mostly Sunni Islam, minority Shia Islam and others) **Minority:** others|
|Sinhalese people||Sri Lanka|**Predominantly:** Buddhism **Minority:** Christianity|
|Baloch people||Pakistan Iran Afghanistan|**Predominantly:** Islam (mostly Sunni Islam) **Minority:** Hinduism|
|Maldivians||Maldives|**Predominantly:** Islam (Sunni Islam)|
New Nambu M60

The **New Nambu M60** is a Japanese .38 Special caliber revolver. This revolver is in service with the Japanese police and the Japan Coast Guard since 1960. It was designed and produced by Shin-Chuō Industries, which later merged with Minebea from 1960 to 1999. A total of 133,400 revolvers were produced.

The New Nambu M60 is based on the design of the Smith & Wesson revolvers, It is double action and single action and its cylinder has a capacity for 5 cartridges. It was produced in variants with a 2- and 3-inch barrel. A sporting variant with a longer barrel and adjustable sights was produced, called "Sakura", but it did not progress beyond the prototype phase.
Saadani National Park

**Saadani National Park** is a unique national park located along the Indian Ocean coastline in Tanzania, known for its rare blend of coastal and terrestrial ecosystems. Covering an area of approximately 1,100 square kilometers, Saadani is Tanzania’s only national park that borders the ocean, offering a combination of traditional safari experiences and beach activities.

## Geography

Saadani National Park spans both the Pwani Region and the Tanga Region, positioned north of Dar es Salaam and southwest of Tanga. The park includes a mix of landscapes, such as savannah, mangrove swamps, and riverine environments along the Wami River, which flows through the park. This diversity creates unique habitats for both terrestrial and marine wildlife.

## History

The area that is now Saadani National Park was initially a game reserve established in the 1960s. Due to its unique location and ecological significance, it was upgraded to a national park in 2005 by the Tanzanian government. The establishment of Saadani National Park aimed to preserve its unique ecosystems and promote sustainable tourism, providing visitors with the opportunity to experience both the savannah and the coast.

## See Also

- List of national parks in Tanzania
- Pwani Region
- Wami River

## Other websites

- Official website of Tanzania National Parks
- Tanzania Tourism Official Portal

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Saadani National Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **location**: Pwani Region and Tanga Region, Tanzania
- **nearest city**: Bagamoyo
- **area**: 1,100 km²
- **established**: 2005
- **visitation num**: 16,000 (2019)
- **governing body**: Tanzania National Parks Authority (TANAPA)
- **website**: [https://www.tanzaniaparks.go.tz/ Tanzania National Parks]
Wami River

The **Wami River** is a major river in Tanzania that flows through the eastern part of the country and empties into the Indian Ocean. It spans approximately 570 kilometers (350 miles), traversing several regions including the Morogoro and Pwani regions, before reaching its delta at the Saadani National Park along the coastline.

## Geography

The Wami River originates in the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania. Its course travels eastward, providing a critical water source for various ecosystems and communities along its banks. As it reaches the coast, the river widens and eventually forms a delta within Saadani National Park, where it meets the Indian Ocean.

## Ecology

The Wami River basin encompasses diverse habitats, ranging from montane forests in the highlands to mangroves and coastal ecosystems in its lower reaches. The river supports numerous species, including fish, reptiles, and mammals. The lower basin and delta regions are known for populations of hippos and crocodiles. Additionally, the river provides vital freshwater habitats for aquatic species and serves as a migratory route for various bird species.

## Human Impact

The Wami River basin is an important water source for agriculture, particularly for rice and other crops. Its waters are also used for livestock and domestic purposes in surrounding communities. However, increased agricultural activities, deforestation, and population growth have raised concerns over the depletion and contamination of the river's water, which may threaten the river’s ecosystems and biodiversity.

## Conservation

Sections of the Wami River and its surrounding ecosystems are protected under the Saadani National Park. Conservation efforts focus on safeguarding the habitats for wildlife and maintaining water quality to support both biodiversity and local communities. Some initiatives involve collaborations between the Tanzanian government, NGOs, and international conservation organizations.

## See also

- List of rivers of Tanzania
- Saadani National Park
- Indian Ocean

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Wami River
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Tanzania
- **length km**: 570
- **source1 location**: Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania
- **mouth**: Indian Ocean
- **mouth location**: Saadani National Park, Tanzania
- **basin size km2**: 43,946
- **river system**: Indian Ocean
Huỳnh Thị Thanh Thủy

**Huỳnh Thị Thanh Thủy** (born 1 July 2002) is a Vietnamese model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss International 2024 pageant. She was previously crowned Miss Vietnam 2022.

## Early life

Huỳnh Thị Thanh Thủy was born in Da Nang. In the Da Nang Excellent Student Selection Examination for the 2019–2020 school year, she won second prize in the Vietnamese Literature contest. She is currently studying English Language at the University of Foreign Language Studies, a member of the University of Da Nang system. At the same time, she also studying at University of Greenwich.

### Miss Vietnam 2022

On December 23, 2022, Thanh Thủy represented Da Nang at Miss Vietnam 2022 pageant and competing against 58 other contestants at the Phu Tho Indoor Stadium in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, where she won the national title and was succeeded by Đỗ Thị Hà.

### Miss International 2024

On November 12, 2024, Thanh Thủy represented Vietnam at the Miss International 2024 and competing against 71 other contestants at the Tokyo Dome City Hall in Tokyo, Japan.

At the end of the event, Thanh Thủy was crowned by outgoing Andrea Rubio of Venezuela. She became the first Vietnamese woman to win Miss International crown.

## Infobox (pageant titleholder)

- **name**: Huỳnh Thị Thanh Thủy
- **image**: Huỳnh Thị Thanh Thủy.png
- **caption**: Thanh Thủy in 2024
- **birth place**: Da Nang, Vietnam
- **eye color**: Black
- **hair color**: Brown
Ectopoglossus absconditus

***Ectopoglossus absconditus*** is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.

## Home

This frog lives in forests in on hills where there is water in the air. Scientists saw the frog between 800 and 900 meters above sea level.

Scientists think this frog might live in one protected park: Parque Nacional Natural Munchique.

## Danger

Scientists do not know whether this frog is in danger of dying out.
00 flour

**Double zero flour**, also known as doppio zero or 00 flour, is a finely ground Italian flour commonly used to make pasta and pizza dough. In Italy and other parts of Europe, grind sizes vary from double zero to two. Double zero is the finest grind, and two is the coarsest. The term “double zero” does not refer to gluten content or the amount of protein in the flour.

In the United States, producers base flour grades on protein content. Fine flours, like cake flour or pastry flour, have low protein levels best for a delicate, moist crumb. Relatively coarser flours, like bread flour and all-purpose flour, contain more protein, and thus, more gluten.

You can find many imported types of wheat flour in tipo 00 (or type 00). Semolina (hard durum wheat), whole wheat, pastry flour, pizza flour, and high-protein flour are available with a double zero grind size. You can use these different flours for various baking needs, such as semolina for fresh pasta and pastry flour for baked goods with a fine crumb.
Canal+ Action

**Canal+ Action** is a sports and film TV channel from M7 Group (owned by Canal+ Group), broadcasting in the Netherlands, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Austria.

Lb:Canal+ Action
De:Canal+ Action
Nl:Canal+ Action
Fr:Canal+ Action
Es:Canal+ Action
Hu:Canal+ Action (Magyarország)
Ro:Canal+ Action
Pl:Canal+ Action

Sr:Canal + Action

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Canal+ Action
- **image**: Canal+ Action 2024.svg
- **launch date**: and

- **owner**: Canal+
- **country**: Luxembourg
- **language**: Czech language, Czech
Dutch language, Dutch
German language, German
Hungarian language, Hungary
- **sat serv 1**: Magenta Sat TV CZ
- **sat chan 1**: Channel 49
- **sat serv 2**: Magio Sat SK
- **sat chan 2**: Channel 65
- **sat serv 3**: DIGI Slovakia
- **sat chan 3**: Channel 49
- **sat serv 4**: Skylink CZ/SK
- **sat chan 4**: Channel 5
Coat of arms of Tlaxcala

The **coat of arms of Tlaxcala** (_Escudo de Tlaxcala_, lit. "state shield of Tlaxcala") is a symbol of the Free and Sovereign State of Tlaxcala.
Jaqueline Rodríguez

**Jaqueline Rodríguez** or **Diana Jaqueline Rodríguez Carrillo** (born in Santiago Tequixquiac, 7 September 1996) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a defender for Liga MX Femenil side Guadalajara.
LED-backlit LCD

**LED-backlit LCD** is a type of liquid-crystal display (LCD) that uses LED lights for its backlight instead of older cold cathode fluorescent (CCFL) backlighting. LED-backlit displays are similar to CCFL-backlit LCDs in technology, but have several advantages.

Some LED-backlit televisions are called _LED TVs,_ though they are not true LED displays.

## Limitations

LED-backlit LCDs cannot produce true black colors as well as OLED or microLED displays can. Even in dark areas, a small amount of light may come through. Some LED-backlit LCDs use "local dimming," which darkens certain parts of the screen to improve contrast, though this may create a "halo" effect around bright parts of the display.

## Comparison with CCFL-backlit LCDs

Compared to CCFL backlighting, LED backlighting offers:
- More colors (with certain LED types)
- Greater contrast ratio
- Slimmer, with some screens less than  thick
- Lighter and cooler, sometimes half the weight of a CCFL display
- 20–30% less power use and longer lifespan
- Greater reliability

## LED arrangements

LED backlights use either edge-lit or direct-lit LEDs:

- **Edge-lit (ELED):** LEDs are around the edges of the screen, often with frame dimming or basic local dimming.
- **Direct-lit (DLED) or Full Array:** LEDs are directly behind the screen. Some models support local dimming for better contrast.

## Technology

LED-backlit LCDs do not light up by themselves; they need backlighting. Different ways to use LEDs include white LEDs and RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) LEDs. RGB LEDs can show more colors than white LEDs. The first full-array LED-backlit TV was the Sony Qualia 005, released in 2004, using RGB LEDs.

Many "LED TVs" are LCDs with LEDs controlled to match video details (dynamic backlight control or local dimming).

Energy standards for TVs now require lower power use, pushing companies to make more energy-efficient screens.

## Energy efficiency and environment

LED-backlit LCDs generally use less power than older plasma displays or CRTs, and they are more energy-efficient than CCFL-backlit displays. They also contain fewer toxic materials, like mercury, which is present in CCFLs, making LED displays safer for disposal and better for the environment.
Atlacomulco Cathedral

**Atlacomulco Cathedral** is a large Modern Catholic cathedral in Mexico and is found in the city of Atlacomulco in Mexico (state).

The new cathedral is next to where the old cathedral was.

## Bishops

- Juan Pedro Juárez Meléndez
Piaffe

The **piaffe** is a dressage move where the horse is in a trot. The front end of the horse is highly free and light. The horse should be in a calm manner. The piaffe had was used in battle to keep the horse moving and ready to go to war. Also, piaffe is needed to help the levade grow.

## Correct piaffe work

This is the correct piaffe work:

- The piaffe is straight and happens when the rider helps the horse feel like it is going forward. The horse's legs are straight and do not move out to the side or cross each other.
- The horse lowers its back end and lifts its front by putting weight on the back legs.
- The horse is not to raise the hind legs higher than the front, which comes when the horse is on the forehand, nor show exaggerated bending of the front legs without true collection.
- The horse stays relaxed. An wrong piaffe has short, jerky steps.
- The horse does not move his front legs backward.
Toluca Cathedral

**Toluca Cathedral** is a large Modern Catholic cathedral in Mexico and is found in the city of Toluca in Mexico (state).

The first cathedral was much larger but was demolished so that The Headrow could be made wider.  The new cathedral is next to where the old cathedral was.

## Bishops

- Francisco Javier Chavolla Ramos
Coşkun Taş

**Coşkun Taş** (23 April 1935 – 11 November 2024) was a Turkish international footballer. He played as a striker. He played club football in Turkey and Germany for Aydinspor, Beşiktaş, 1. FC Köln and Bonner SC. He made three appearances for the Turkey national football team in 1954.

Taş died in Cologne, Germany on 11 November 2024, at the age of 89.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Coşkun Taş
- **birth place**: Aydın, Turkey
- **death place**: Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- **height**: 1.73 m
- **position**: Striker (association football), Striker
- **youthclubs1**: Aydinspor 1923, Aydinspor
- **years1**: 1951–1959
- **clubs1**: Beşiktaş J.K., Beşiktaş
- **caps1**: 98
- **goals1**: 24
- **years2**: 1959–1961
- **clubs2**: 1. FC Köln
- **caps2**: 18
- **goals2**: 4
- **years3**: 1961–1963
- **clubs3**: Bonner SC
- **nationalyears1**: 1954
- **nationalteam1**: Turkey national football team, Turkey
- **nationalcaps1**: 3
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Michael Hübner

**Michael Hübner** (8 April 1959 – 12 November 2024) was a German professional sprint track cyclist. He became a world champion in sprint, Keirin, and team sprint. Hübner was born in Karl-Marx-Stadt, East Germany.

Hübner died at a hospital in Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany from a short-illness on 12 November 2024, at the age of 65.
Bronislaw Bernacki

**Bronislaw Bernacki** (30 September 1944 – 12 November 2024) was a Ukrainian Roman Catholic prelate. He was the first Diocesan Bishop of Odesa-Simferopol from 2002 to 2020.

Bernacki died at a hospital in Vinnytsia, Ukraine on 12 November 2024 at the age of 80.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Bishop Emeritus
- **name**: Bronislaw Bernacki
- **native name**: Броніслав Бернацький
- **native name lang**: uk
- **title**: Roman Catholic Diocese of Odesa-Simferopol, Bishop Emeritus of Odesa-Simferopol
- **image**: Bronisław_Bernacki.jpg
- **caption**: Bernacki in 2021
- **appointed**: 4 May 2002
- **term end**: 18 February 2020
- **predecessor**: new creation
- **successor**: Stanislav Shyrokoradiuk
- **other post**: President of the Ukrainian Episcopal Conference (2018–2020)
- **ordination**: 28 May 1972
- **ordained by**: Julijans Vaivods
- **consecration**: 2 July 2002
- **consecrated by**: Marian Jaworski
- **birth place**: Murafa, Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, USSR
- **death place**: Vinnytsia, Ukraine
- **buried**: Murafa, Ukraine
- **nationality**: Ukraine, Ukrainian
- **coat of arms**: Coat of arms of Bronisław Bernacki.svg