Fidel Castro

**Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz** <small>( )</small> (August 13, 1926 – November 25, 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician. He was Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and President from 1976 to 2008. He temporarily gave power to his brother Raúl Castro while recovering from surgery in the summer of 2006. On February 19, 2008, he announced that he would not return to power. He was in power for 49 years.

## Early life

Castro was born in Birán, Cuba on August 13, 1926. He received a doctorate of law from the University of Havana. He was trained as a military lawyer. He came to power after he and his guerrilla soldiers overthrew the dictatorship of General Fulgencio Batista.

## Political Career

Castro was a communist and he made Cuba the first socialist country of the Americas. During the Cold War he was a friend of the Soviet Union, and he depended on their help until the USSR collapsed. An important moment of the Cold War was the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. In October 1962 the United States of America discovered that the Soviet Union was placing missiles on Cuba, close to the United States. After very tense talking, a big nuclear war was avoided between the Soviet Union and the USA.

Some people call Castro a dictator. They criticize him, because they think he has ignored some human rights, for example, torture, murder and oppression of freedom of speech, both at home and in African countries where he sent Cuban soldiers to spread Communism. Other people do not think this is true. For example, Nelson Mandela has spoken in support of Castro and has thanked him for aid to Africa. Amnesty International criticized Cuba's human rights record but noted slow progress in July 2002. Supporters of Castro say he gave Cuba the best health care and education of Latin America and created equality between the poor and the rich.

## Personal life

Castro's first wife was Mirta Díaz - Balart. They married in October 1948. They had a son Fidel Ángel "Fidelito" Castro Díaz-Balart, born in September 1949. Díaz-Balart and Castro divorced in 1955. In 1980, Castro married Dalia Soto del Valle. Their marriage would end with Castro's death in 2016.

## Death

On November 25, 2016, Castro died at age 90 of natural causes in Havana, Cuba.  President Raúl Castro, his brother, announced Fidel's death on state television. His remains were later cremated on November 26, 2016.

## Other websites

- By Fidel Castro
- Archive of Fidel Castro's speeches in 6 languages
- About Fidel Castro
- Guide to the Cuban Revolution Collection, Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Fidel Castro Ruz
- **image**: Fidel Castro in Washington.jpg
- **caption**: Castro in 1959 during a visit to Washington, D.C.
- **birth name**: Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz
- **birth place**: Birán, Cuba
- **death place**: Havana, Cuba
- **office**: 19th Prime Minister of the Cuba, Republic of Cuba
- **term start**: Fabuary 16, 1959
- **term end**: February 24, 2008
- **predecessor**: Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, Osvaldo Dorticós
- **successor**: Raúl Castro
- **office2**: First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba
- **term start2**: July 1961
- **term end2**: 19 April 2011
- **spouse**: Mirta Diaz-Balart (m. 1948-1955)
Dalia Soto del Valle (m. 1980-2016)
- **children**: 9, including Alina Fernández
- **relations**: Ángel Castro y Argiz (father)
Ramón Castro Ruz (brother)
Raúl Castro (brother)
Juanita Castro (sister)