juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Carter Harrison IV

**Carter Henry Harrison IV** (April 23, 1860 – December 25, 1953) served as Mayor of Chicago (1897–1905 and 1911–1915). As the City's 30th mayor, he was the first mayor actually born in Chicago. His father was Mayor of Chicago, Carter Harrison, Sr..

Carter was born on April 23, 1860 in Chicago, Illinois. His father, Carter Harrison, Sr. was already the mayor but was assassinated while in office. He was married to Edith Ogden. He had two children. Harrison died on December 25, 1953 in Chicago, Illinois from natural causes, aged 93.

## Other websites

- Mayor Carter Henry Harrison Papers  at the Newberry Library

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Carter Harrison
- **image**: Carter Henry Harrison cph.3c23214 (1).jpg
- **caption**: Harrison in 1911
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **order**: 37th & 40th
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **term start**: April 17, 1911
- **term end**: April 26, 1915
- **predecessor**: Fred A. Busse
- **successor**: William Hale Thompson
- **term start1**: April 15, 1897
- **term end1**: April 10, 1905
- **predecessor1**: George Bell Swift
- **successor1**: Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Edith Ogden Harrison, Edith Ogden
- **children**: Carter Harrison V
Edith Ogden Harrison II
- **father**: Carter Harrison III
- **birth name**: Carter Henry Harrison
Carter Harrison III

**Carter Harrison III** (February 15, 1825 – October 28, 1893) was an American politician who was mayor of Chicago from 1879 until 1887; he was elected to a fifth term in 1893 but was assassinated before completing his term.

He previously served two terms in the United States House of Representatives. Harrison was the first cousin twice removed of President William Henry Harrison. He is also related to President Benjamin Harrison. His son, Carter Harrison, Jr. would later become Mayor of Chicago.

Harrison was born on February 15, 1825 in Fayette County, Kentucky. He studied at Yale University. He was married two times and secretly engaged to another before his death. Harrison died on October 28, 1893 after being shot and killed in his home in Chicago, Illinois, aged 68.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Carter Harrison
- **image**: Carter Harrison, Sr. - Brady-Handy.jpg
- **caption**: Portrait by Mathew Brady and Levin Corbin Handy
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **term start**: April 17, 1893
- **term end**: October 28, 1893
- **predecessor**: Hempstead Washburne
- **successor**: John Patrick Hopkins
George Bell Swift (acting)
- **term start1**: April 28, 1879
- **term end1**: April 18, 1887
- **predecessor1**: Monroe Heath
- **successor1**: John A. Roche
- **state2**: Illinois
- **term start2**: March 4, 1875
- **term end2**: March 3, 1879
- **predecessor2**: Jasper D. Ward
- **successor2**: George R. Davis (Illinois politician), George R. Davis
- **office3**: Member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners
- **term start3**: 1871
- **term end3**: 1875
- **predecessor3**: _position established_
- **birth name**: Carter Henry Harrison
- **birth place**: near Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death cause**: Gunshot wounds
- **restingplace**: Graceland Cemetery
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**:

- **partner**: Annie Howard
- **children**: 10, including Carter Harrison IV, Carter IV
- **education**: Yale University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Transylvania University (Bachelor of Laws, LLB)
- **signature**: Signature of Carter Harrison Sr. (1825–1893).png
Anmanari Brown

**Anmanari Brown** is an Australian Aboriginal artist. She was one of the pioneers of the art movement across the Ngaanyatjarra, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara lands, which began in 2000. Since then, her paintings have gained much success. Her work is held in the National Gallery of Victoria, the Art Gallery of Western Australia, the Queensland Art Gallery, and the National Gallery of Australia.

Brown was born roughly some time during the 1930s. She was born at Purpurna, a waterhole that is sacred to the Pitjantjatjara. She grew up living a traditional, nomadic way of life in the bush with her family, before any contact with Euro-Australian society. In the 1950s, her family was moved out of the bush to live at Warburton, with many other Aboriginal families. Warburton was a Christian mission at the time, and Brown was taught at school here by missionaries. When she was older, Brown moved to Irrunytju and married Nyakul Dawson.

Brown began work as an artist in 2000. The women of Irrunytju had opened an art centre as an community-owned economic program. Anmanari and other senior women in the community began painting for Irrunytju Arts on linen canvases. Their first exhibition was held in 2001, in Perth. The art mixed modern painting techniques with ancient designs and cultural law.

From the beginning of her career, Brown often painted with her friend Tjayanka Woods. When Brown's husband died in 2007, she and Woods left Irrunytju and went to live at Papulankutja, on Ngaanyatjarra lands. Here, they paint for Papulankutja Artists. In April 2010, the two women held their first solo exhibition together at the Vivien Anderson Gallery in Melbourne.

Brown mostly paints the  (Seven Sisters Dreaming). Her connection to this Dreaming comes from her mother, whose homeland is Kuru Ala, a sacred place for women. The paintings in her solo show depicted stories from this Dreaming.

Brown's paintings are not figurative. She does not explicitly depict figures or features of the landscape, but she does use iconographic symbols to represent them. She uses patterned lines to represent tracks in a journey, or seven small shapes or lines to represent the sisters. She also sometimes uses colour symbolically. While Brown mainly paints directly on canvas, several of her works are made from screen-printing methods.

## Other websites

- Resources at the National Library of Australia

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sirikit
- **birth date**: Circa, c. 1930s
- **birth place**: Purnpurna, Northern Territory
- **residence**: Papulankutja, Western Australia
- **nationality**: Australians, Australian
- **occupation**: Painter
- **spouse**: Nyakul Dawson
Levi Boone

**Levi Day Boone** (December 6, 1808 – January 24, 1882) served as mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1855–1856) for the American Party (Know-Nothings).

Boone was born near Lexington, Kentucky. He studied at Transylvania University.  He became a doctor.  Boone was married to Louise M. Smith. They had 11 children. In 1862, Boone was arrested and briefly held in Camp Douglas on suspicion that he had helped a Confederate prisoner to escape.

Boone first ran for mayor of Chicago in 1855.  He campaigned on a platform attacking Catholics and immigrants. After he was elected, he ordered the enforcement of a law against selling alcohol on Sundays -- but only in immigrant neighborhoods. On April 21, 1854, protesters, who did not like the bars being closed on Sudnays, fought with police, who supported Boone.  "One protester was killed and dozens wounded in the brief clash, but the resulting backlash destroyed Boone's political career."   Boone did not run for re-election in the mayoral election of 1856. Boone died on January 24, 1882 in Chicago, Illinois, aged 73.

## Other websites

- Inaugural Address
- Boone Biography at Chicago Public Library

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Levi Boone
- **image**: Leviboone.jpeg
- **birth place**: near Lexington, Kentucky
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 17th
- **term start**: 1855
- **term end**: 1856
- **predecessor**: Isaac Lawrence Milliken
- **successor**: Thomas Dyer
- **party**: American Party (Know-Nothing Party, Know-Nothings)
- **alma mater**: Transylvania University
- **profession**: Physician, Medical Doctor
- **spouse**: Louise M. Smith
- **children**: 11 children
James Curtiss

**James Curtiss** (April 7, 1803 – November 2, 1859) was an American politician who was the Mayor of Chicago two times. He ran for the Democrat.

Curtiss was born on April 7, 1803 in Wethersfield, Connecticut. He was raised in both Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and in Chicago, Illinois. Curtiss died on November 2, 1859 in Joliet, Illinois from an illness, aged 53.

## Other websites

- First Inaugural Address
- Second Inaugural Address

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: James Curtiss
- **image**: Jamescurtis.jpeg
- **birth date**: March 29, 1806
- **birth place**: Wethersfield, Connecticut, Wethersfield, Connecticut
- **death place**: Joliet, Illinois, Joliet, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 11th
- **term start**: March 9, 1847
- **term end**: March 14, 1848
- **predecessor**: John Putnam Chapin
- **successor**: James Hutchinson Woodworth, James H. Woodworth
- **office2**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order2**: 13th
- **term start2**: March 12, 1850
- **term end2**: March 11, 1851
- **predecessor2**: James Hutchinson Woodworth, James H. Woodworth
- **successor2**: Walter S. Gurnee
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party
- **spouse**: Mary Kimball
- **children**: James, Mary Kimball, Sarah, Lucy Maria, Elizabeth, Laura, Charles Chauncy, Laura Minnie, George Warren
William B. Ogden

**William Butler Ogden** (June 15, 1805 – August 3, 1877) was the first Mayor of Chicago.

Ogden was born on June 15, 1805 in Walton, New York. He was married to Mariana Arnot from 1875 until his death in 1877. They had no children. Butler lost almost everything he had in the Great Chicago Fire. Butler died on August 3, 1877 in Fordham Heights, New York, aged 72.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: William Butler Ogden
- **image**: William B Ogden by GPA Healy, 1855.jpg
- **imagesize**: 151
- **birth place**: Walton, New York (state), New York
- **death place**: Fordham Heights, New York (state), New York
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 1st
- **term start**: 1837
- **term end**: 1838
- **predecessor**: None - position created
- **successor**: Buckner Stith Morris
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: (his death)
- **occupation**: Real Estate Developer
Eugene Sawyer

**Eugene Sawyer** (September 3, 1934 – January 19, 2008) was an American businessman and politician. He was the Mayor of Chicago from 1987 to 1989. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was the second African American to be mayor of Chicago.

Sawyer was born on September 3, 1934 in Greensboro, Alabama. He studied at Alabama State University. Sawyer died on January 19, 2008 in Chicago, Illinois from a stroke, aged 73.

## Other websites

- ''New York Times article

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Eugene Sawyer
- **image**: Eugene Sawyer (2041465864 2bc2900d9a m).jpg
- **birth place**: Greensboro, Alabama, Greensboro, Alabama
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **resting place**: Oak Woods Cemetery
Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 53rd
- **term start**: December 2, 1987
- **term end**: April 24, 1989
- **predecessor**: David Duvall Orr
- **successor**: Richard M. Daley
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **alma mater**: Alabama State University
Joseph Medill

**Joseph Medill** (April 6, 1823 – March 16, 1899) was a Canadian-American newspaper editor and politician who was the Mayor of Chicago from 1871 through 1873. He left as mayor of Chicago because he was going on a tour to Europe. He left Lester L. Bond as the mayor for 3½ months.

Medill was born on April 6, 1823 in Saint John, New Brunswick. He was never married. He had 2 children. Medill died on March 16, 1899 in San Antonia, Texas, aged 75.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Joseph Medill
- **image**: Joseph Medill.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **birth place**: Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- **death place**: San Antonio, Texas, U.S.
- **resting place**: Graceland Cemetery, Uptown, Chicago, Uptown, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **residence**: Wheaton, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 26th
- **term start**: 1871
- **term end**: 1873
- **predecessor**: Roswell B. Mason
- **successor**: (Lester L. Bond), Harvey Doolittle Colvin
- **party**: Fireproof
- **signature**: Joseph Medill signature.jpg
- **children**: Kate Medill
Elinor Medill
Alson Sherman

**Alson Sherman** (April 21, 1811 – September 27, 1903) was an American politician from Chicago who was the Mayor of Chicago from 1844 through 1845.

Sherman was married to April 21, 1811 in Barre, Vermont. He was married to Aurora Abbott from 1833 until her death in 1883. They had 14 children. Sherman died on September 27, 1903 in Waukegan, Illinois, aged 92.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alson Sherman
- **image**: Alsonsherman.jpeg
- **birth place**: Barre (city), Vermont, Barre, Vermont
- **death place**: Waukegan, Illinois, Waukegan, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 8th
- **term start**: March 10, 1844
- **term end**: April 2, 1845
- **predecessor**: Augustus Garrett
- **successor**: Augustus Garrett
- **party**: United States Independent Democratic Party, Independent Democratic Party
- **children**: Alla, Fannie, Kate, Frank, Flora, Walter, Helen, Mary, Nancy, Abijah, Adeline, Marion, Caira, Lucius,
Roswell B. Mason

**Roswell B. Mason** (September 19, 1805 – January 1, 1892) served as mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1869–1871) for the Citizens Party.

Roswell was born on September 19, 1805 in Hartford, New York. He was never married and had no children.

Roswell held a high position with the Illinois Central Railroad until he decided to run to be Mayor of Chicago on a reform ticket. During Mason's administration, the Great Chicago Fire occurred. Mason responded by directing General Philip Sheridan to place the city under martial law.

Mason died on January 1, 1892 from natural causes in Chicago, Illinois, aged 86.

## Related pages

- Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Roswell B. Mason
- **image**: Rosewellmason.jpeg
- **birth place**: New Hartford, New York (state), New York, United States
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 25th
- **term start**: 1869
- **term end**: 1871
- **predecessor**: John Blake Rice, John B. Rice
- **successor**: Joseph Medill
- **party**: Citizens Party
Emil Hamilton

Professor **Emil Hamilton** or **Ruina** is a fictional Superman character from the DC Comics universe. He is mostly a mad scientist who is a threat to the world. He is smart and has a suit that learned all of Superman's weaknesses and abilities so that he could copy them.

## In other media

He is played by actor Richard Schiff in the 2013 movie _Man of Steel_. He was voiced by Victor Brandt in _Superman: The Animated Series_.
Thomas Coryat

**Thomas Coryat**  (c. 1577–1617) was an English traveller and writer of the late Elizabethan times. He is remembered today for two books he wrote about his travels through Europe and parts of Asia. He often travelled on foot to get to far off places.

Coryat reached as far as India in his travels from England. At that time the Mughal Emperor Jahangir was ruling there and he rewarded Coryat and gave him money to reach back home. However, Coryat died in Surat, Gujarat, before he could return.
Mian Family of Baghbanpura

The **Mian Arain family of Baghbanpura** is an old family of Lahore, now in Pakistan. They used to live in the Baghbanpura neighborhood of Lahore. They were the official caretakers of the Shalimar Gardens Lahore during the time of the Mughal Empire and were later made into court nobles by the Mughals.

The family has produced many famous people who played an important role in the social, cultural and political life of  Lahore city.
Arain

The **Arain** are a Punjabi agricultural tribe in India and Pakistan. Originally, they had agricultural roots but in later times some of them shifted to towns and cities and became famous in many areas. A famous Arain family in the Indian subcontinent is the Mian Family of Baghbanpura , in Lahore.
Walter S. Gurnee

**Walter S. Gurnee** (March 9, 1813 – April 18, 1903) was an American politician. He was the Mayor of Chicago from 1851 through 1853. The town Gurnee, Illinois is named after him. He was a Democrat.

Gurnee was born on March 9, 1813 in Haverstraw, New York. He was raised in Michigan and in Chicago. He was never married and had no children. Gurnee died on April 18, 1903 in New York City, New York from natural causes, aged 90.

## Other websites

- Village of Gurnee, IL history page
- 1st Inaugural speech at Chicago Public Library
- 2nd Inaugural speech at Chicago Public Library

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Walter S. Gurnee
- **image**: WalterSGurneeSenorAnderson.png
- **birth place**: Haverstraw, New York, Haverstraw, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 14th
- **term start**: 1851
- **term end**: 1853
- **predecessor**: James Curtiss
- **successor**: Charles McNeill Gray
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat
Basilar-type migraine

**Basilar-type migraine** is a type of migraine with aura that causes a headache which usually starts in the _occipital region_ which is in the lower back part of the brain. The symptoms that are believed to start in the brainstem, occipital cortex, and cerebellum and the pain may affect both sides of the brain at the same time.

Most people who have basilar-type migraine also have migraines with aura without the basilar symptoms. This type of migraine is usually more common in young people between about 10–19 years of age.

The word _Basilar_ comes from the Middle French word _basilaire_: of or related to the base. In medicine it usually refers to the base or bottom of a body part, especially the skull.

This is called 'basilar-type' because it was first described in the areas of the brain which receive blood from the basilar artery, which includes most parts of the brain in the _posterior fossa_ and also the brainstem, which are in the lower, back part of the brain (occipital region). But it was later seen that it may also affect areas of the brain outside of the areas which receive blood from the basilar artery. There is no proof that problems in the basilar artery are the cause.
Dare County, North Carolina

**Dare County** is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  In 2020, there were 36,915 people living there.  Its county seat is Manteo, North Carolina.  It is named after Virginia Dare. Virginia Dare was the first English child born in the Americas. She was born in the Roanoke Colony, in what is now Dare County. Buffalo City, in Dare County, was once the biggest community in the country. (Today, Buffalo City is abandoned.) Dare County is the largest county in North Carolina.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Dare County
- **state**: North Carolina
- **ex image**: Dare County Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Dare County Administration Building
- **founded**: 1870
- **named for**: Virginia Dare
- **seat wl**: Manteo
- **largest city wl**: Kill Devil Hills
- **city type**: town
- **area total sq mi**: 1541.74
- **area land sq mi**: 383.23
- **area water sq mi**: 1158.51
- **area percentage**: 75.14
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 36915
- **population density sq mi**: 96.33
- **web**: www.darenc.com
- **district**: 3rd
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **nickname**: Land of Beginnings
- **motto**: "Caring for our Community: A Nurturing Place Where We All Can Live and Grow."
Lionel Barrymore

**Lionel Barrymore** (**Lionel Herbert Blythe**, April 28, 1878 – November 15, 1954) was an American movie, television, stage, and radio actor who won an Academy Award in 1931. He is known for his roles in _A Free Soul_, _The Little Colonel_, _It's a Wonderful Life_, _Young Dr. Kildare_, and in _David Copperfield_. His brother was actor John Barrymore and his grandniece is actress Drew Barrymore.

Barrymore was born on April 28, 1878 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He studied at the Episcopal Academy. Barrymore was married to Doris Rankin from 1904 until they divorced in 1923. Then he was married to Irene Fenwick from 1923 until they divorced in 1936. He had two daughters with Rankin, both died early. He had a fatherly love with Jean Harlow and treated her as if she was his own daughter. Barrymore died on November 15, 1954 in Van Nuys, California from a heart attack, aged 76.

## Other websites

- Photographs of Lionel Barrymore
- Lionel Barrymore at Internet Broadway Database
John Barrymore

**John Barrymore** (**John Sidney Blyth**, February 15, 1882 – May 29, 1942) was an American movie, television, stage, and radio actor. He was known for his roles in _Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde_ (1920), _Grand Hotel_ (1932), _Dinner at Eight_ (1933), _Twentieth Century_ (1934), and _Don Juan_ (1926). His brother is Academy Award-winning actor Lionel Barrymore. His granddaughter is actress Drew Barrymore.

Barrymore was born on February 15, 1882 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was married to Katherine Corri Harris from 1910 until they divorced in 1917. Then he was married to Blanche Oelrichs from 1920 until they divorced in 1925. Then he was married to Dolores Costello from 1928 until they divorced in 1934. Then he was last married to Elaine Barrie from 1936 until they divorced in 1940. Barrymore had three children. Barrymore died on May 29, 1942 in Los Angeles, California from cirrhosis, aged 60.
Two-Face

**Two-Face** is a fictional Batman supervillain who appears in comic books by DC Comics. The character was created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger and first appeared in _Detective Comics_ #66 (August 1942).

## Fictional character biography

In his comic book appearances, Two-Face is the alter-ego of **Harvey Dent** who was the district attorney of Gotham City before being burned in an explosion or being burned by acid. After his accident, he became a villain because of his anger against Batman and Gotham City. He always flips a coin when he is about to a commit a crime or take action. Half of his coin is burned. He had a girlfriend, but she either died or left him after his accident.

## Powers and abilities

Two-Face has no superpowers, instead relying on his proficiency in marksmanship and martial arts, which was further improved after being trained by Deathstroke and Batman. As a former lawyer, the character uses his expertise in criminal law, criminology, and police procedures to devise his crimes.

## In other media

The character has been adapted to different forms of media, including toys, movies television series, and video games. He was played by Billy Dee Williams in _Batman_, by Tommy Lee Jones in _Batman Forever_, and by Aaron Eckhart in _The Dark Knight_, and Nicholas D'Agosto in the television series _Gotham._ He was voiced by Richard Moll in _Batman: The Animated Series_.

## Other websites

- Two-Face at the DC Database Project
Scarecrow (DC Comics)

The **Scarecrow** (**Dr. Jonathan Crane**) is a fictional Batman supervillain who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. He uses fear gas to scare his victims and even Batman. He wears a scarecrow mask and a scarecrow costume.

He first appeared in _World's Finest Comics_ #3 (September, 1941).

## Story

Jonathan Crane was bullied at school. He was called mean names like "Ichabod Crane", because he looked like the character Ichabod Crane from the book Sleepy Hollow. Because of this, he became obsessed with fear. He became a psychologist and learnt about fear. He lost his job for using his patients as tests for his fear gases and drugs. He then became a criminal.

## In other media

He appeared in television series, movies, action figures, and video games. He was played by Cillian Murphy in _Batman Begins_, _The Dark Knight_, and in _The Dark Knight Rises_.
Yeiki Kobashigawa

**Yeiki Kobashigawa** (September 28, 1917-March 31, 2005)  was a United States Army soldier.  He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

## Early life

Kobashigawa was born at Hilo, Hawaii.  He is the son of immigrants who were born in Japan. He is a _Nisei_, which means that he is a second generation Japanese-American.

## Soldier

One month before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Kobashigawa joined the US Army in November 1941.

Kobashigawa volunteered to be part of the all-_Nisei_ 100th Infantry Battalion.  This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

For his actions in June 1944, Kobashigawa was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).  In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II.  Kobashigawa's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, he was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

## Medal of Honor citation

Kobashigawa's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in northern Italy in 1944. He led successful attacks on four machine gun positions.

The words of Kobashigawa's citation explain:
> Technical Sergeant Yeiki Kobashigawa distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 2 June 1944, in the vicinity of Lanuvio, Italy. During an attack, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa's platoon encountered strong enemy resistance from a series of machine guns providing supporting fire. Observing a machine gun nest 50 yards from his position, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa crawled forward with one of his men, threw a grenade and then charged the enemy with his submachine gun while a fellow soldier provided covering fire. He killed one enemy soldier and captured two prisoners. Meanwhile, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa and his comrade were fired upon by another machine gun 50 yards ahead. Directing a squad to advance to his first position, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa again moved forward with a fellow soldier to subdue the second machine gun nest. After throwing grenades into the position, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa provided close supporting fire while a fellow soldier charged, capturing four prisoners. On the alert for other machine gun nests, Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa discovered four more, and skillfully led a squad in neutralizing two of them. Technical Sergeant Kobashigawa's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.

## Related pages

- List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
- List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients

## Other websites

- "Army Secretary Lionizes 22 World War II Heroes" at Defense.gov
Electrocardiogram

An **electrocardiogram** (**ECG** or **EKG**) is a record of the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time. The instrument that makes the record is the ECG machine or Electrocardiograph.  Willem Einthoven invented it in 1902. An ECG uses electrodes attached on your chest and limbs on the surface of the skin. It tracks and documents the heart’s electrical activity.

An electrocardiogram monitors the heart. Your own internal pacemaker, your sinoatrial node, starts your heartbeat with an electrical signal. An EKG reads that signal and tracks its impact on your heart as it contracts and relaxes with each heartbeat. Doctors can use an electrocardiogram to look for patterns among these heartbeats and rhythms to diagnose and interpret various heart conditions.

ECG is used to measure the rate and regularity of heartbeats, the size and position of the chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart, and the effects of drugs or devices used to regulate the heart, such as an artificial pacemaker.

An electrocardiogram is a non invasive painless procedure. The results of your electrocardiogram will likely be reported immediately after it is done.
Archaeozoology

**Archaeozoology** is the study of animals in archaeological contexts. These include all the organic remains left in the soil after the death and decay of animals but also the representation of animals in rock art and on portable materials. Zooarchaeology is a comparable term but differs in that the primary reason for study of the animals is archaeological rather than zoological. These are mostly bones and teeth. Sometimes hair, skin or other body parts are found and can be studied. Archeaozoology also studies the animals' effect on the environment and their relationship<nowiki/>s with humans. The people who study archaeozoology are called archaeozoologists. Their training can be as biologists or archaeologists.

## Related pages

- Zoology
- Archaeology
Abel Pêra

**Abel Pêra** (November 16, 1891 - September 27, 1975) was a Brazilian actor, brother of Manuel Pêra, and uncle of Marília Pêra, a very famous Brazilian actress.

Abel Pêra discovered the art of performing in the end of his adolescence. Among his works are _A Pensão da Dona Estela_ and _Feitiço_, this last one produced by Oduvaldo Vianna.

Before becoming an actor, he was a carpenter. Even after becoming an actor, he continued producing wooden pieces. His friend Chico Anysio, a very popular Brazilian comedian, won a golf stick made by him.

In 1974, he participated in a soap opera called _Fogo Sobre Terra_. His last work was the movie _O Casamento_, made in 1976.

## Filmography

- _O Casamento_ (1976)
- _Com as Calças na Mão_ (1975)
- _Toda Nudez Será Castigada_ (1973)
- _O Descarte_ (1973)
- _A Filha De Madame Bettina_ (1973)
- _Eu Transo, Ela Transa (1972)
- _Revólveres Não Cospem Flores_ (1972)
- _As Quatro Chaves Mágicas_ (1971)
- _O Enterro da Cafetina_ (1970)
- _Vida e Glória de um Canalha_ (1970)
- _A Penúltima Donzela_ (1969)
- _O Bravo Guerreiro_ (1969)
- _As Duas Faces da Moeda_ (1969)
- _Enfim Sós...Com o Outro_ (1968)
- _O Homem que Comprou o Mundo_ (1968
- _Pintando o Sete_ (1960)
- _O Homem do Sputnik_ (1959)
- _De Vento em Popa_ (1957)
- _Maior Que o Ódio_ (1951)
- _O Falso Detetive_ (1951)
- _O Cortiço_ (1945)
- _Romance de um Mordedor_ (1944)
- _Samba em Berlim_ (1943)
- _A Sedução do Garimpo_ (1941)
- _Entra na Farra_ (1941)
- _Cisne Branco_ (1940)
- _E o Circo Chegou_ (1940)
- _Onde Estás Felicidade?_ (1939)
- _Está Tudo Aí_ (1939)
- _Maridinho de Luxo_ (1938)
- _João Ninguém_ (1936)
- _O Crime dos Banhados'' (1914).
Barbary lion

The **Barbary lion** (_Panthera leo leo_) was a local group of lions which are now extinct in the wild {IUCN}. The Barbary lion was also called the **Atlas lion** and the Nubian **lion**. It was a local group, or perhaps subspecies, of the lion. It used to live in North Africa, from Morocco to Egypt including countries like Algeria, Tunisia and Libya.

## Looks and behavior

The Barbary lion was large and heavy. Males weighed about , and females weighed about  though not fully proven they were confirmed to weigh in the same range as a Siberian Tiger. Male lions were said to be about  long and females were about  long. Some scientists think that these sizes and weights are too large and put estimates between 227 to 272 kilograms (500-600 lbs) There are also scientists who think that the Barbary lion is probably the size of the lions found in East Africa.Whereas, others thought it was around the size of an Asiatic lion which are 175 kilograms (385 lbs)

The places where the Barbary lion lived did not have a lot of prey. These lions did not live in _prides_ because of this. The main animals they hunted in the Atlas Mountains were the Barbary stag, buffalo and gazelle forcing some lions to move more south where more food was available. The lions also ate cows and sheep raised by people.

These lions lived alone, or in pairs. The female Barbary lion raised her cubs until they were mature. This took about two years. After that, the cubs left their mother.
Mount Scopus

**Mount Scopus** ( ; , ) is a mountain in Jerusalem. It is north-east of the Old City. The mountain is  above the sea. The land is considered an exclave of Israel, surrounded by the West Bank. It was captured from Jordan in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

The cemetery of the American Colony in Jerusalem is near the entrance to the Hebrew University.

## Other websites

- Jerusalem Photos Portal - Mount Scopus

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount Scopus
- **other name**: **Hebrew:** "Har HaTsofim"
- **photo**: Skopusberg mit Universitaet.jpg
- **photo caption**: <small>The Hebrew University of Jerusalem on the top of the mountain</small>
- **photo size**: 250
- **elevation m**: 826
- **map caption**: Judaean Mountains
- **label position**: right
- **listing**: Judaean Mountains
- **location**: Jerusalem
Gordy

***Gordy*** is an American family comedy-drama movie from 1995. The movie is about a piglet named Gordy who searches for his missing family (who are taken away to a slaughterhouse in Omaha, Nebraska). Gordy experiences the lives of other people who are part of the movie's side stories, including traveling country music singers Luke McAllister and his daughter Jinnie Sue; and lonely boy Hanky Royce whose mother is engaged to a sinister businessman, Gilbert Sipes. Gordy changes lives for the people he encounters due to their ability to understand him. The movie was released to theaters on May 12, 1995. It was distributed by Miramax Family Films.

The movie has the song "Pig Power" by Tag Team. A music video was produced for the song, featuring clips from the movie.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Gordy
- **director**: Mark Lewis
- **screenplay**: Leslie Stevens
- **narrator**: Frank Welker
- **music**: Charles Fox (composer), Charles Fox
- **cinematography**: Richard Michalak
- **distributor**: Miramax Films#Miramax Family, Miramax Family Films
- **runtime**: 90 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **gross**: $3.9 million
Mount of Olives

The **Mount of Olives** (or **Mount Olivet**, , _Har HaZeitim_; , _Jebel az-Zeitun_) is a mountain in East Jerusalem. It is located to next to the Old City, and is part of the West Bank. It is named for the olive groves that once grew on its slopes. The mountain is important to Jews, Muslims and Christians. There are many churches, and the largest Jewish cemetery in the world is located there. The mountain is  above sea level.

## Related pages

- Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery

## Other websites

- the Mount of Olive  in the "CITY of DAVID" Website
- Interactive Panoramas of the Mount of Olives – jerusalem360.com, GoJerusalem.com
- Jerusalem Photo Portal – Mount of Olives

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount of Olives
- **other name**: **Hebrew:** "Har HaZeitim"
- **photo**: JERUSALEM Mount of Olives Cemetery.JPG
- **photo caption**: <small>The Mount of Olives</small>
- **photo size**: 250
- **elevation m**: 809
- **map caption**: Judaean Mountains
- **label position**: right
- **listing**: Judaean Mountains
- **location**: Jerusalem
Mastic

**Mastic** ( _Mastika_) is a resin that comes from the mastic tree, _Pistacia lentiscus_.  The tree grows in the Mediterranean region. In pharmacies and nature shops, it is called "Arabic gum" (not to be confused with gum arabic).

The resin is harvested in various places, especially the Greek island of Chios.
It is a liquid when the tree first produces it. Then it dries in the sun into drops of hard  resin. When chewed, the resin softens and becomes a white, opaque gum. The flavour is bitter at first. After some chewing, it has a refreshing, slightly pine or cedar-like flavour.

Mastic is used in food, medicine, and industry.

## Other websites

- Mastic on chios.gr
- Mastic article from masticulture.com
Dondurma

**Dondurma** or **Turkish mastic ice cream** (, the ice cream of Maraş city). It is much more difficult and heavy than the Arabic mastic ice cream. It has more fatty because it has more sweet cream or heavy cream with a high fat percentage. In the past, people who lived in the mountains made it with snow, goat milk, mastic, and "dried orchidaceae powder" (type of "tubers"). In southeast Turkey, the ice cream was more solid and sticky because of the powder of the orchid flowers that grow there. This ice cream is so solid that a knife and fork is used to eat it.

## In Turkish Culture

Dondurma is commonly sold from both street vendors' carts and store fronts, where the mixture is churned regularly with long-handled paddles to keep it workable. Vendors often tease the customer by serving the ice cream cone on a stick, and then taking away the dondurma with the stick by rotating it around, before finally giving it to the customer. This sometimes results in misunderstandings among customers unfamiliar with the practice. Vendors often wear traditional clothing of the Ottoman period. In some places in Turkey it is customary to treat the ice cream as a Shawarma and cut it with a butcher knife.

## Mastic ice cream

Mastic ice cream is common in Turkey, and Syria. It is named after the Mastic (plant resin) spice being traditionally produced on Greek island of Chios, and, like other natural resins, in its natural form it is "tears" or drops. Because the real mastic is expensive and difficult to find, ice cream sellers of the other countries prefer to replace the mastic spice with glucose.

A few years after the end of the 19th century the Persian ice cream which is called: "Bastani Sonnati" was first made for the Persian king and based on the Mastic ice creams with Eggs and Spicees and for seasoning Persian desserts.

In the Middle East only the Arabic version of the ice cream is known, compared to the Far East which sells only the Turkish version of the ice cream. in Greece the Mastic ice creams is known only in areas close to Turkey and there it is called: "Kaimaki" by the locals.

## Related pages

- Booza

## Other websites

- The Tears of Chios – Mastic ice cream adventures
- Greek Mastic Ice Cream
- Ice Cream of Kahramanmaraş
- SBS food - Dondurma (Turkish Ice-cream))
Maccabean Revolt

The **Maccabean Revolt** was an insurrection by Jewish patriots (the **Maccabees**) against the Seleucid Empire and parties who wished to adopt Greek culture. The Seleucid Empire, which controlled present-day Syria and Israel, sought to make the Jewish people more Greek-like. The Seleucid Emperor Antiochus IV Epiphanes installed a Greek idol Zeus in Jerusalem's Temple and forbade Jewish practices. Jewish individuals who wished to keep their identity and traditions did not like what Seleucids were doing and decided to fight against them. Judah Maccabee and his brothers led the rebellion, liberated Jerusalem, and restored the Temple. The Maccabees won the war and reestablished the kingdom of Judah.

## Related pages

- 2 Maccabees
George Bell Swift

**George Bell Swift** (December 14, 1845 – July 2, 1912) served as mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1893; 1895–1897) for the Republican Party.  He was selected to replace the assassinated Carter Harrison, Sr. as Mayor pro tem in 1893 and lost his re-election bid.  He was re-elected when he ran in 1895.

Swift was born in Cincinnati, Ohio to Samuel W. Swift and Elizabeth Swift (born Bell). His family moved to Galena, Illinois when he was young. By his teenage years, the family was living in Chicago. Prior to serving as mayor of Chicago, Swift served two terms as an alderman.  From 1887 to 1889, he was the city's Commissioner of Public Works. Swift died on July 2, 1912 in Chicago, Illinois from a heart attack, aged 66.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: George Bell Swift
- **image**: George Bell Swift.jpg
- **birth place**: Cincinnati, Ohio
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 34th
- **term start**: November 9, 1893
- **term end**: December 27, 1893 (serving pro tem for the assassinated Carter Harrison, Sr.)
- **predecessor**: Carter Harrison, Sr.
- **successor**: John Patrick Hopkins
- **office2**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order2**: 36th
- **term start2**: April 8, 1895
- **term end2**: April 15, 1897
- **predecessor2**: John Patrick Hopkins
- **successor2**: Carter Harrison, Jr.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Lucy L. Brown
- **children**: Brown F. Swift, Herbert B. Swift, George L. Swift, Grace Bell Bachelder, Adelaide Pearl Taylor, Eldred B. Swift, Edith L. Swift
Epidendroideae

**Epidendroideae** is a subfamily of the orchid family. Epidendroideae is larger than all the other orchid subfamilies together, comprising more than 15,000 species in 576 genera. Most Epidendroid orchids are tropical epiphytes, typically with pseudobulbs. There are, however a some terrestrials such as _Epipactis_ and even a few myco-heterotrophs, which are parasitic upon mycorrhizal fungi.
Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne

**Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne** (October 12, 1853 – May 24, 1937) was an American politician. He was Mayor of Chicago from April 5, 1905 to 1907. He was also the 24th Governor of Illinois from 1913 to 1917. His time as governor was notable for the passage of a wide range of progressive social reforms.

Dunne was born on October 12, 1853 in Watertown, Connecticut. He was raised in Peoria, Illinois and in Chicago, Illinois. Dunne was married to Elizabeth J. Kelly until her death in 1928. Dunne died on May 24, 1937 in Chicago, Illinois, aged 83.

## Other websites

- Public Transportation and the Failure of Municipal Socialism in Chicago, 1905-1907: http://www.lib.niu.edu/2002/iht910228.html
- _Chicago and Municipal Ownership_, by Edward F. Dunne, **National Magazine**, June 1905

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne
- **image**: File:Gov. Edward F. Dunne, half-length portrait, facing front LCCN99472782 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Dunne  1912
- **order**: 24th
- **office**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start**: February 3, 1913
- **term end**: January 8, 1917
- **lieutenant**: Barratt O'Hara
- **predecessor**: Charles S. Deneen
- **successor**: Frank Orren Lowden
- **order2**: 38th Mayor of Chicago
- **term start2**: April 10, 1905
- **term end2**: April 15, 1907
- **predecessor2**: Carter Harrison IV
- **successor2**: Fred A. Busse
- **office3**: Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County
- **term start3**: 1892
- **term end3**: 1905
- **birth place**: Watertown, Connecticut, Watertown, Connecticut, US
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois, US
- **resting place**: Calvary Cemetery (Evanston, Illinois), Calvary Cemetery
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat
- **profession**: Lawyer, Judge, Politician
William Emmett Dever

**William Emmett Dever** (March 13, 1862 – September 3, 1929) was an American politician who was the Mayor of Chicago from 1923 through 1928. During his term he helped clean and fix the entire city of Chicago.

## Early life

Dever was born on March 13, 1862 in Wobrun, Massachusetts. He was raised in Boston, Massachusetts and in Chicago, Illinois.

## Career

Dever's term in office saw many improvements to the city, including the completion of Wacker Drive, the extension of Ogden Avenue, the straightening of the Chicago River and the building of the city's first airport, Municipal Airport. He also fought against the corrupting influence of bootlegging and gangsters. Despite considering himself a "wet", he enforced prohibition since it was the law of the land. The media labeled his war on bootleggers as the "Great Beer War" and it resulted in a decline of crime.

## Death

Dever died on September 3, 1929 in Chicago, Illinois from cancer, aged 67.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: William Emmett Dever
- **image**: William Emmett Dever 1923.jpg
- **birth place**: Woburn, Massachusetts
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 42nd
- **term start**: April 16, 1923
- **term end**: April 18, 1927
- **predecessor**: William Hale Thompson
- **successor**: William Hale Thompson
- **party**: United States Democratic Party, Democratic
Francis Cornwall Sherman

**Francis Cornwall Sherman** (September 18, 1805 – November 7, 1870) served as Mayor of Chicago two terms (1841–1842, 1862–1865) for the Democratic Party.

Sherman was born on September 18, 1805 in Newton, Connecticut. He was a brick manufacturer and made the bricks for Archibald Clybourne's mansion. In July 1835, he was elected a village trustee. In 1837, he opened the City Hotel, later the Sherman House. He continued to work as a contractor and builder, eventually serving as mayor of Chicago three times.

His son, Francis Trowbridge Sherman, was a brigadier general in the Union Army during the Civil War.

Sherman died on November 7, 1870 in Chicago, Illinois, aged 65.

He was married to Electa Trowbridge in Danbury, Connecticut before moving here in Chicago. They had seven children.

## Other websites

- First Inaugural Address
- Second Inaugural Address
- Third Inaugural Address

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Francis Cornwall Sherman
- **image**: Francissherman.jpeg
- **birth place**: Newtown, Connecticut, Newtown, Connecticut
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 5th
- **term start**: 1841
- **term end**: 1842
- **predecessor**: Alexander Loyd
- **successor**: Benjamin Wright Raymond
- **office2**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order2**: 23rd
- **term start2**: 1862
- **term end2**: 1865
- **predecessor2**: Julian Sidney Rumsey
- **successor2**: John Blake Rice
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Electa Trowbridge (?-1870) (his death)
- **children**: 7
William Hale Thompson

**William Hale Thompson** (May 14, 1869 – March 19, 1944) was an American who was the Mayor of Chicago from 1915 to 1923 and again from 1927 to 1931. Known as "Big Bill", Thompson was the last Republican to serve as Mayor of Chicago.

Thompson was born on May 14, 1869 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Thompson died on March 19, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois, aged 74.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: William Hale Thompson
- **image**: William Hale Thompson head shot.tif
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 41st
- **term start**: April 26, 1915
- **term end**: April 16, 1923
- **predecessor**: Carter Harrison, Jr.
- **successor**: William Emmett Dever
- **office2**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order2**: 43rd
- **term start2**: April 18, 1927
- **term end2**: April 9, 1931
- **predecessor2**: William Emmett Dever
- **successor2**: Anton Cermak
- **party**: United States Republican Party, Republican
Augustus Garrett

**Augustus Garrett** (1801 – November 30, 1848) was an American politician who was the Mayor of Chicago, Illinois  twice (1843–1844, 1845–1846) for the Democratic Party.

Garrett was born in 1801 in New York City, New York. He was married to Elize Clark. They had no children. Garrett died on November 30, 1848 in Chicago, Illinois from a heart attack, aged 47.

## Other websites

- First Inaugural Address
- Invalidated Second Inaugural Address
- Third Inaugural Address

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Augustus Garrett
- **image**: Augustusgarrett.jpeg
- **birth date**: 1801 (month and day unknown)
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order**: 7th
- **term start**: March 7, 1843
- **term end**: April 2, 1844
- **predecessor**: Benjamin Wright Raymond
- **successor**: Alson Sherman
- **office2**: Mayor of Chicago
- **order2**: 9th
- **term start2**: March 10, 1845
- **term end2**: March 3, 1846
- **predecessor2**: Alson Sherman
- **successor2**: John Putnam Chapin
- **party**: United States Democratic Party, Democratic Party
- **spouse**: Eliza Clark (?-1848) (his death)