juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill

***The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill*** is the debut solo album by American R&B musician Lauryn Hill. It was released on August 25, 1998.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Lauryn Hill
- **released**: August 25, 1998
- **recorded**: 1997–1998
- **length**: 77:39
- **genre**: R&B, Soul music, soul, hip hop music, hip hop, neo soul
- **label**: Ruffhouse • Columbia Records
- **producer**: Lauryn Hill • Vada Nobles • Che' Guevara
- **next title**: MTV Unplugged No. 2.0
- **next year**: 2002
Manchester (disambiguation)

The term **Manchester** can stand for:
- The city of Manchester and its country called Greater Manchester are large urban areas in England
- Manchester capitalism, Manchester liberalism and Manchesterism are names for schools of thought that originated in the city. John Stuart Mill and Adam Smith were important people following these.
- Manchester cloth, also known as Courduroy is a special type of cloth that originated in the city
- Manchester code is a code used in telecommunications. the code was originally developed at the university of Manchester.
- Manchester school (anthropology) is a school of thought in anthropology, also originating from Manchester university
The Five (composers)

**The Five**, often known as **The Mighty Handful**, are a group of five Russian composers who met regularly in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in the mid-19th century.  The Russian name for the group: _Moguchaya kuchka_ (_The Mighty Handful_) was given to them by Vladimir Stasov, the famous music critic.  The five composers were:  Mily Balakirev, César Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Borodin. The group all wanted to write music in a Russian style, rather than imitating European composers.  They were part of the movement known in music as Nationalism.  They were five of the most important composers of the time.  Note that Tchaikovsky was not one of the group.  His music is more European-based, but he, too, often wrote very Russian music based on folk tunes.

## History

Before The Five were established as a group, Mikhail Glinka and Alexander Dargomyzhsky were trying to create a Russian kind of music.  All the composers of The Five were amateur composers.  This does not mean that they were bad, it means that they earned their living in other ways and composed when they had time.  Rimsky-Korsakov was a naval officer, Borodin was a professor of chemistry, Cui was an expert in military armaments and Mussorgsky had been in the Guards and then in the civil service before he took up music full time.  Balakirev, the leader of the group, worked for a time for the Warsaw Railways.  He was the spiritual leader of the group: a kind of teacher and guide.

The composers of The Five tried to put the sounds of village songs, Cossack and Caucasian dances, and church chants in their music.  Russian peasants used to sing folk songs in which words or syllables were spun out with several notes into a long, lyrical line.  This influence can be heard in many of the Five’s works, especially in Mussorgsky’s operas.  They also frequently used music which sounded like that from Eastern Asia (“Orientalism”).

The group began to meet in 1856. This was before Anton Rubinstein founded the St Petersburg Conservatoire.  Music at the Conservatoire was taught in a European way.  This is what The Five, together with the music critic Vladimir Stasov, were against.  However, in later years Rimsky-Korsakov taught at the Conservatoire, and Rubinstein who had left in to concentrate on his career as a pianist, often used ideas from Russian folk music.  The difference between the two parties had become blurred. By the 1880s The Five were drifting apart because they each had developed their own personal styles.  Apart from Cui, whose music is not often heard today, the members of the group influenced or taught many of the next generation of Russian composers, such as Alexander Glazunov, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Sergei Prokofiev, Igor Stravinsky, and Dmitri Shostakovich.

## Related pages

- Les Six, French composers

## Other websites

- Encyclopædia Britannica article about "The Five" http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9034446
Tracy Pollan

**Tracy Pollan** (born June 22, 1960) is an American actress. She is best known for her work on the sitcom _Family Ties_ She is married to actor Michael J. Fox. They have 4 children. Pollan was born on June 22, 1960 in Long Island, New York.

Pollan is from Russian Jewish descent.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Michael J Fox Tracy Pollan2.jpeg
- **imagesize**: 225px
- **caption**: with husband Michael J. Fox, August 1988
- **birth name**: Tracy Jo Pollan
- **birth place**: Long Island, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **spouse**: Michael J. Fox (1988 - present)
- **children**: 4
Aéro-Club de France

The **Aéro-Club de France** (**AéCF**) is the oldest aeronautical institution in the world. It was created on 20 October 1898. It is in Paris.

The main activity of AéCF is to promote aviation and certification.
Drina Martyrs

The **Drina Martyrs** were Catholic nuns of the Congregation of the Daughters of Divine Charity. They were killed in Bosnia and Herzegovina between December 15 and 23, 1941 because of their religion.

## Life and death

Their names were Marija Jula (Kata) Ivanišević, Marija Bernadeta (Terezija) Banja, Marija Krizina (Josefa) Bojanc, Marija Antonija (Josefa) Fabjan and Maria Berchmana (Carolina Anna) Leidenix. They died in Goražde and near Sjetlina in 1941. They are beatified in Sarajevo on 24th September, 2010.

## References

- FDC Alumnae
- Site about Drina Martyrs - multilingual

## Further reading

- Franc Ksaver Meško: _Izbrano delo I-VI_ Mohorjeva družba v Celju (1954–1960)
- Anto Baković: _Drinske mučenice, Vlastita svjedočanstva, Svjedočanstva očividaca, Dokumenti,_ Anto Baković, Sarajevo 1990.
Arka Sokaklar

***Arka Sokaklar*** (Turkish for _Back Alleys_ or _Back Streets_), is a Turkish crime television series. It has been broadcast on Kanal D (Channel D) since 2006.

Pınar 4 (Pınar Aydın, Sitare Bilge, İpek Yaylacıoğlu and Elvan Dişli)
Şule 3 (Özge Özbütün, Manolya Aşık and Ecem Öz)
Ayla 2 (Filiz Taçbaş and Hülya Kalebayır Çelik)
Efe 2 or 3 (Muhammet Yaşa "citation needed", Kaan Uslu and Onurcan Sesli)
Selin 2 (Oya Okar and Gizem Birdan)

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Detective
Action (fiction), Action
Drama-comedy
- **developer**: Erler Film
(2006-2022)
D Productions
(2023-present)
- **writer**: Ahmet Yurdakul
Ozan Yurdakul
Metin Arslan
- **director**: Orhan Oğuz
- **starring**: Zafer Ergin
Şevket Çoruh
Özgür Ozan
Hülya Çelik Kalebayır
Figen Evren
Alp Korkmaz
- **theme music composer**: Murat Evgin
- **endtheme**: _Bambaşka Bir Şehir_ (A Different City)
- **country**: Turkey
- **language**: Turkish language, Turkish
- **num seasons**: 17
- **num episodes**: 638
- **producer**: Türker İnanoğlu
(2006-2022)
Elif Ayşe Durmaz
(2023-present)
Lale Eren
(2023-present)
- **location**: Istanbul
- **runtime**: 135 minutes
- **last aired**: present
- **channel**: Kanal D
Shin Suk-ju

**Shin Suk-ju** (1417  June 21, 1475) was a Neo-Confucian scholar, politician and diplomat, linguist, and painter during the Joseon Dynasty. His cousin was Deposed Queen Yun. His pen name was Huihyundang (희현당, 希賢堂), Bohanjae (보한재, 保閑齋), Chinese style name was Beomong (범옹, 泛翁).

## Writing

- Bohanjaejip(보한재집, 保閑齋集)
- Saseongtonggo(사성통고, 四聲通攷)
- Nongsanchukmokseo(농산축목서)
- Bukjeongrok(북정록 北征錄)
- Haedongjegukgi(해동제국기 海東諸國記)

## Related pages

- Deposed Queen Lady Yun
- Yeonsangun of Joseon

## Other websites

- http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=101950
- http://navercast.naver.com/contents.nhn?contents_id=5967
- http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=560358
- http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=689523
Fontenai-sur-Orne

**Fontenai-sur-Orne** is a former commune in the Orne department of Lower Normandy, France. There were 254 people in 2006. The size of the village is 651 hectare (ha). Its Saint-Martin church was built in classical times. The west gate was built in 16th century, but the Virgin statues are from the 18th century. An underground vaulted cave made in stone is in the presbytery. There is a local party organized on the 3rd Sunday of July. The city's main activities are mixed farming and bird-raising. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the commune Écouché-les-Vallées.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Fontenai-sur-Orne
- **arrondissement**: Arrondissement of Argentan, Argentan
- **canton**: Canton of Argentan-Ouest, Argentan-Ouest
- **insee**: 61173
- **postal code**: 61200
- **mayor**: Christiane Divay
- **term**: 2008–2014
- **intercommunality**: Communauté de communes du Pays d'Argentan
- **elevation min m**: 147
- **elevation max m**: 193
- **area km2**: 6.51
- **population**: 254
- **population date**: 2006
- **population demonym**: Fontenois
Sled dog racing

**Sled dog racing** (sometimes termed **dog sled racing** or **husky racing**) is a winter sport most popular in the Arctic regions of Canada, Russia, the United States and some European countries. It is a race of teams of sled dogs that pull a sled with the dog driver or _musher_ standing on the runners.

## Related pages

- Iditarod
- Finnmarksløpet 2024
Is the glass half empty or half full?

**Is the glass half empty or half full?** is an idiom.

The question is a common expression with both an obvious meaning and a meaning which is inferred or implied.

The phrase describes two different ways of understanding the meaning of a situation.

The idiom is used rhetorically to indicate that a particular situation could be a cause for optimism (half full) or pessimism (half empty).

## Metaphor

The phrase is a metaphor. For example,
- According to musician Jelly Roll Morton, "If a glass of water is full, you can't add any more water, but if you have half a glass, you can always put more water in it -- and jazz music is based on the same principles."

## Related pages

- Blind men and an elephant
Safe (container)

A **safe** is a container where people can put important things to protect them from fire, theft, or both. A safe is usually a box-shaped container with a lock. One that is designed to protect things from just fire may not have a lock or may have only a simple lock or padlock hasp. Some only open at the correct time of day. Safes are usually heavy and made of a strong substance such as steel. They are designed to be very difficult to open with crowbars, hammers, drills, lock picks, and other tools.

Safes are available in many different security levels. These range from ones made to protect from common burglars to those made to protect from professional thieves and spies. Fire ratings are usually based on how long the safe can be in a common structure fire before the inside of the safe reaches 175 degrees Celsius. This is the temperature at which paper and wood are destroyed. The fire rating usually ranges from 15 minutes up to 3 hours. Some safes are also waterproof, which protects the contents from flood and from getting wet when a fire is put out by firefighters. A large safe that is part of a building is called a vault. Vaults have usually one or more rooms.
Colin Firth

**Colin Andrew Firth**  (born 10 September 1960) is an English actor who has received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, two BAFTA Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival. In 2010, Firth's portrayal of King George VI in Tom Hooper's The King's Speech won him the Academy Award for Best Actor.

Identified in the late 1980s with the "Brit Pack" of rising, young British actors, it was not until his portrayal of Fitzwilliam Darcy in the 1995 television adaptation of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice that he received more widespread attention. This led to roles in films, such as The English Patient, Bridget Jones's Diary, for which he was nominated for a BAFTA Award, Shakespeare in Love, and Love Actually. In 2009, Firth received widespread critical acclaim for his leading role in A Single Man, for which he gained his first Academy Award nomination, and won a BAFTA Award. In 2014, Firth portrayed secret agent Harry Hart in the film Kingsman: The Secret Service; he later reprised the role in the 2017 sequel Kingsman: The Golden Circle. In 2018, he co-starred as William "Weatherall" Wilkins in the musical fantasy Mary Poppins Returns.

His films have grossed more than $3 billion from 42 releases worldwide. In 2011, Firth received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and was also selected as one of the Time 100. He was awarded an honorary degree from the University of Winchester in 2007, and was made a Freeman of the City of London in 2012. He has campaigned for the rights of indigenous tribal people, and is a member of Survival International. Firth has campaigned on issues of asylum seekers, refugees' rights, and the environment. He commissioned and co-authored a scientific paper on a study into the differences in brain structure between people of differing political orientations.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Colin Firth
- **image**: Colin Firth (Berlin Film Festival 2011).jpg
- **caption**: Colin Firth in February 2011
- **birth name**: Colin Andrew Firth
- **birth place**: Grayshott, Hampshire, England
- **nationality**: English
- **citizenship**: United Kingdom, British
Italy, Italian
- **occupation**: Actor, voice actor
- **years active**: 1983–present
- **awards**: See #Awards, list of awards
- **children**: 3
- **relatives**: Kate Firth <small>(sister)</small>
Jonathan Firth <small>(brother)</small>
T-Pain

**Faheem Rashad Najm** (born September 30, 1984), known professionally as **T-Pain**, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, arranger, rapper, record producer and actor.

His first album, _Rappa Ternt Sanga_, was released in 2005. In 2007, T-Pain released his second album, _Epiphany_. It reached number one on the US _Billboard_ 200 chart. His third album, _Three Ringz_, was released in 2008. The albums included a string of hit singles, including "I'm Sprung", "I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)", "Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')", "Bartender", "Can't Believe It",  "Chopped and Screwed" and "5 O'Clock". T-Pain has earned two Grammy Awards from 12 nominations, one with Kanye West for "Good Life" and the other with Jamie Foxx for "Blame It". He was the winner in season 1 of _the Masked Singer_ as "Monster".

T-Pain is the founder of his record label Nappy Boy Entertainment, established in 2005. Throughout his career as a singer, T-Pain popularized the creative use of the Auto-Tune pitch correction effect, used with extreme parameter settings to create distinctive vocal sounds. From 2006 to 2010, T-Pain was featured on more than 50 chart topping singles. His most successful feature to date was on Flo Rida's first single "Low". The single has since been certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

## Other websites

- Official website
- Nappy Boy Records

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: T-Pain
- **image**: T-Pain @ SXSW 2022 - 51958513356.jpg
- **caption**: T-Pain at South by Southwest in 2022
- **birth name**: Faheem Rashad Najm
- **birth place**: Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.
- **years active**: 1999–present
- **children**: 3
Hot Chelle Rae

**Hot Chelle Rae** is an American pop rock band. They formed near Nashville, Tennessee around 2005. Their debut album _Lovesick Electric_ was released in 2009. The band is best known for their 2011 song, "Tonight Tonight".

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: Hot Chelle Rae on Walmart Risers.jpg
- **caption**: The members from left to right: Ian Keaggy, Ryan Follesé, Nash Overstreet, and Jamie Follesé
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **name**: Hot Chelle Rae
- **origin**: Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
- **years active**: 2005–2014 (hiatus)
- **label**: RCA Records, RCA, Jive Records, Jive
- **current members**: * Ryan Follesé
* Nash Overstreet
* Jamie Follesé
- **past members**: * Ian Keaggy
Jones (Animal Farm)

**Mr. Jones** is a character in the book _Animal Farm_. He is the brutal (and often drunk) owner of Manor Farm.

Jones is kicked out of his farm when the animals start their rebellion. Later he returns with several others, and tries to get his farm back. There is a battle, but the animals win.

He symbolizes Czar Nicholas II.
Walter Johnson

**Walter Perry Johnson**  (November 6, 1887 – December 10, 1946) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He played 21 years in the Major Leagues, all for the Washington Senators. He was then the manager of the Senators from 1929 to 1932, and he managed the Cleveland Indians from 1933 to 1935. He was known for being able to throw baseballs with great speed, and he was nicknamed **"The Big Train"**. He set many baseball records and has the second-most wins of all-time. Many people think he is the greatest pitcher of all-time.

## Early life

Walter Johnson was born on November 6, 1887 on a farm near Humboldt, Kansas. His parents were Frank and Minnie Johnson, and he had five siblings. When Johnson was 14, his family moved to Orange County, California. Later, he moved to Idaho, where he played baseball for a small team from Idaho and worked for a phone company. When someone from the Washington Senators saw him pitch, they signed him to a contract in 1907.

## Baseball career

Walter Johnson was known for being a "power pitcher," meaning he could throw the ball very hard and fast. His fastball was the main reason he was able to accomplish so much, like having the most  3,509 career strikeouts and the most shutouts of all-time. He also won the American League Most Valuable Player award twice, in 1913 and 1924.

## After baseball

After he retired from playing in 1927, Johnson was one of the first five players elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936. He later ran for a spot in the United States House of Representatives, but lost the election. He died from a brain tumor in Washington, D.C. on December 10, 1946.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Walter Johnson
- **image**: Walter Johnson 1924.jpg
- **image size**: 225px
- **position**: Pitcher (baseball), Pitcher
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Humboldt, Kansas
- **death place**: Washington, D.C.
- **debutdate**: August 2
- **debutyear**: 1907
- **debutteam**: Washington Senators
- **finaldate**: September 30
- **finalyear**: 1927
- **finalteam**: Washington Senators
- **stat1label**: Win–loss record (pitching), Win–loss record
- **stat1value**: 417–279
- **stat2label**: Earned run average
- **stat2value**: 2.17
- **stat3label**: Strikeouts
- **stat3value**: 3,508
- **stat4label**: Shutout (baseball), Shutouts
- **stat4value**: 110
- **teams**: **As player**
* Minnesota Twins, Washington Senators (–)
**As manager**
* Minnesota Twins, Washington Senators (–)
* Cleveland Indians (–)
- **highlights**: * 2× Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award, AL MVP (1913, 1924)
* World Series champion (1924)
* All-time major league leader in shutouts
* Second all-time in wins
- **hofdate**: 1936
- **hofvote**: 83.63%
Tris Speaker

**Tristram E. Speaker** (April 4, 1888 - December 8, 1958), was an American baseball player. He was one of the greatest center fielders in baseball history, both on offense and defense. He had a .345 career batting average (fourth all-time), and the record for most career doubles, with 792. He played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball, with the Boston Americans/Red Sox, Cleveland Indians, Washington Senators, and Philadelphia Athletics. He also was the manager of the Indians from 1916 to 1926. Speaker was born in Hubbard, Texas on April 4, 1888.

## Hall of Fame

Speaker, who retired from baseball in 1928, was chosen for the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937. His induction ceremony was held in 1939.

## Death

Speaker died of a heart attack in Lake Whitney, Texas on December 8, 1958. He was on a fishing trip with a friend when he died.
Paulie (movie)

***Paulie*** is a 1998 family movie about a talking parrot named "Paulie". It was directed by John Roberts and written by Laurie Craig, and it was produced by Mark Gordon, Gary Levinsohn, and Allyson Lyon Segan for Mutual Film Company and DreamWorks Pictures. It stars Jay Mohr as Paulie's voice and Tony Shalhoub as a janitor who finds the parrot kept captive in a biological research laboratory. It also stars Gena Rowlands, Cheech Marin, Bruce Davison, Trini Alvarado, and Buddy Hackett in his final film role.

The film was released on VHS in 1998 by DreamWorks Home Entertainment.
Estelle

**Estelle Fanta Swaray**, known by her mononym **Estelle** (born 18 January 1980) is an British singer-songwriter, rapper and actress. She was born in Hammersmith, London, England.

## Career

In 2004, two of Estelle's singles made it into the charts. These were "1980" and "Free". She also won a MOBO Award for "Best Newcomer". The videos to both of her songs were directed by Andy Hylton. "Free" was written by Estelle. It was produced by Jimmy Hogarth. Her first album,_The 18th Day_, reached number 35 in the UK Albums Chart.

In 2008, Estelle worked with rapper/producer Kanye West on her song "American Boy". This song reached the top 10 in many countries. It was number one on the UK Singles Chart and in Belgium and Israel. The song won many awards. These included a Grammy Award for best Rap / collaboration. The song was also nominated for the Grammy for "Song of the Year". "American Boy" reached number 7 on _Rolling Stone_'s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008. Her album _Shine_ was released after the single. It was on the albums chart in most countries. It was number 6 in the UK.  Estelle also released a new single with  rapper Busta Rhymes. It is called "World Go Round". The single was on Rhymes' album _Back on My B.S._, which was released on 19 May 2009.

Estelle's third album _All of Me_ was released on 28 February 2012 in the US.

Estelle does the voice of Garnet, one of the main characters in the cartoon Steven Universe.

### Studio albums

- _The 18th Day..._ (2004)
- _Shine_ (2008)
- _All of Me_ (2012)
- _True Romance_ (2015)

### EPs

- _iTunes Live: London Sessions_ (2008)
- _Estelle Live @ LiveDEMO Berlin_ (2008)
- _Love & Happiness (Volume I: Love Jones)_ (2013)
- _Love & Happiness (Volume II: Waiting To Exhale)_ (2013)
- _Love & Happiness (Volume III: How Stella Got Her Groove Back)_ (2013)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **current member of**: Black Jays


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Estelle
- **image**: Estelle_Swaray.jpg
- **caption**: Estelle in 2008
- **birth name**: Estelle Fanta Swaray
- **birth place**: London, England
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **years active**: 2004–present
Gladiator (movie)

***Gladiator*** is a 2000 Anglo-American historical action movie directed by Ridley Scott and produced by Douglas Wick, David Franzoni and Branko Lustig. It stars Russell Crowe, Joaquin Phoenix, Richard Harris, Connie Nielsen, Djimon Hounsou and Oliver Reed. It won five Academy Awards. A sequel, _Gladiator 2_, is expected to be released on November 22, 2024.

## Plot

Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) takes power after he murders his father, Emperor Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris), the great stoical philosopher, and strips rank from Maximus (Russell Crowe), one of the favored generals of Marcus Aurelius. Maximus then becomes a slave and has to fight to the death in the gladiator arenas, while he plans his revenge on Commodus for murdering his wife and son.
Geodesy

**Geodesy**, sometimes called **geodetics**, is a scientific branch of geography which accurately measures the surface of the Earth.

Friedrich Robert Helmert (18431917), who started the discipline, talked about measuring and mapping the surface of the earth. This includes its geometric description (the geoid) and the measurement and description of its gravitational field.

Some people involved in the discipline look at geodynamics, the crusts, the tides, or the movement of the geographical poles.

## Related pages

- Cartography
Hammer and sickle

**Hammer and sickle** are symbols that have generally been associated with communism. The hammer is a symbol for work done in industry, the sickle stands for work done in agriculture. Several countries have made the use of these symbols illegal, when they outlawed the communist party. These countries include Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. However, some countries (especially communist ones) still commonly use the symbol, such as Angola in its flag, the flags of some cities in Russia (a former Soviet state), and China, Vietnam and Laos in the logos of their respective dominant political parties, for example.
Reference ellipsoid

A **reference ellipsoid** is an ellipsoid which is used as a frame of reference for geodetic calculations. It is a figure like the shape of the Earth. It is easier to work with than the geoid, which is another shape like that of the Earth.

It is relatively easy to describe the reference ellipsoid using mathematical formulae. Describing the geoid is much more complex, as it results from precise measurements. The first such models were spheres, used since Ancient Greece. In the 17th century, there were doubts that the earth was a sphere. In 1688, Isaac Newton solved a controversy with Giovanni Domenico Cassini by demonstrating mathematically that the rotation of the earth would lead to a flattening around the area of the poles, and not at the equator.

In practice this was shown by Pierre Bouguer and Alexis-Claude Clairaut half a century later. The two had done an expedition to Peru and Lapland (1735-1741). Their measurement of the meridian arc lead to the definition of the metre. This was the ten-millionth part of the idealized distance between the pole and the equator, 1791. Because of different errors in measurement, it turned out to be 0.022% too short, and was redefined twice, in 1793, and 1799. The value of 1799 is still the official definition but it is about 0.197‰ too short.

In 1983, the metre was redefined as the distance, light travels in a certain amount of time, in a vacuum.
Heo Mok

**Heo Mok** (; 10 January 1595 – 27 April 1689) was a Korean Neo-Confucian and Taoist scholar, politician, writer, and painter during the Joseon Dynasty. His pen names were Misu (미수, 眉叟) and Taeryeong-Noin (태령노인, 台領老人), Sukhojangin (석호장인, 石戶丈人). His style names were **Munbo** (문보, 文甫) and **Hwabo**(화보, 和甫).

He was a leader of South man party, 1675 - March 1680 in vicePrime minister of Joseon Dynastys.

## Writing

- Gyeongnyeyuchan (1647)
- Dongsa [Eastern History] (1667)
- Cheongsa Yeoljeon [Blue Gentlemen List] (1667)
- Gyeongseol (1677)
- Misu Chunjamun
- Dangun Sega
- Misu Kieun
- Sim Hakdo

## Related pages

- Yun Seondo
- Song Siyeol
Tokyo National Museum

The  or **TNM** is the oldest and largest museum in Japan.

TNM collects houses, and preserves a collection  of art works and archaeological objects of Asia.  In the collection, there is an emphasis on Japan.

The museum is in Ueno Park in Tokyo.

## History

TMN was founded in 1872.

In 1882, the museum was established in its Ueno Park location.

The museum went through several name changes.  It was called the Imperial Museum in 1886.  It was known as the Tokyo Imperial Household Museum from 1900 through 1947.

## Related pages

- Kyoto National Museum (KNM)
- Kyushu National Museum
- Nara National Museum (NNM)
- National Art Center, Tokyo (NACT)
- National Museum of Art, Osaka (NMAO)
- National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto (MOMAK)
- National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo (MOMAT)
- National Museum of Western Art (NMWA)
- List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan
- List of national museums

## Other websites

- Tokyo National Museum website ,  

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: Tokyo National Museum
- **native name**: _東京国立博物館_
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Tokyo National Museum, Honkan 2010.jpg
- **imagesize**: 240
- **caption**: Honkan building
- **alt**: Honkan building, Tokyo National Museum
- **established**: 1872
- **location**: Tokyo, Japan
- **type**: Art museum
- **website**: http://www.tnm.go.jp/en/
Nara National Museum

The  or **NNM** is one of the major art museums in Japan.  It is in Nara, which was the capital of Japan from 710 to 784.

The museum has art works and archaeological objects of Japan.  In the collection, there is an emphasis on Buddhist art from the Nara area.

## History

NMN was established in 1889 as the . The museum held its first exhibition in 1895.

The Museum was renamed the Imperial Household Museum of Nara.

It has been known by its present name since 1952.

## Related pages

- Kyoto National Museum (KNM)
- Kyushu National Museum
- National Art Center, Tokyo (NACT)
- National Museum of Art, Osaka (NMAO)
- National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto (MOMAK)
- National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo (MOMAT)
- National Museum of Western Art (NMWA)
- Tokyo National Museum (TNM)
- List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan
- List of national museums

## Other websites

- Nara National Museum website

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: Nara National Museum
- **native name**: _奈良国立博物館_
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: 140927 Nara National Museum Nara Japan01bs5.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Original Museum Building
- **alt**: Original Museum Building
- **established**: 1889
- **location**: Nara, Nara, Nara, Japan
- **type**: Art museum
- **website**: http://www.narahaku.go.jp/
Mitsubishi A7M

The **Mitsubishi A7M** ***Reppū*** (Japanese for "Strong Gale") was a fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Navy. It was made to be a successor to the A6M Zero. It was designed to get superior speed, agility, and weaponry over the Zero. The wing area and overall size were also greater, about the same as the American P-47 Thunderbolt. The A7M's allied codename was "**Sam**".
Planet Sheen

***Planet Sheen*** is an American animated television series. It is the 2010 spin-off of the 2002 TV series _The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius_ and the 2001 Oscar-nominated animated movie _Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius_. The series was created by John A. Davis, Keith Alcorn, and Steve Oedekerk. It was based on characters created by John A. Davis. Jeffrey Garcia repeats his role as Sheen in this series. There are also many new actors. It is unknown if it will show the original cast.

## Characters

- Sheen
- Doppy
- Aseefa - A girl who Sheen befriends with. She has brown hair held up with a blue hairband.
Romanian Orthodox Church

The **Romanian Orthodox Church** is an Eastern Orthodox church in Romania.  More than 80 percent of Romanians belong to it. The head of the church is the Patriarch of All Romania.
Hair dryer

A **hair dryer** (when a handheld type also called a **blow dryer**) is a device that blows cool or hot air using a fan. Hair dryers are usually used to speed up drying wet hair.

The main parts of a hair dryer are a motor-powered fan and an electrically heated element. The element heats up when an electric current flows through it. When air from the fan goes through the barrel of the hair dryer, it is heated by the element. The hot air passes out of the end of the hair dryer (the nozzle). The user can direct the nozzle towards their hair.

Alexandre Godefoy created the first model of the hair dryer in France in 1890.
Kamloops Blazers

The **Kamloops Blazers** are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1966. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Kamloops, British Columbia at the Interior Savings Centre.

The franchise was created in 1966 and first played in Estevan, Saskatchewan as the Estevan Bruins. The team then moved to New Westminster, British Columbia and became the New Westminster Bruins in 1971. Finally, it moved to Kamloops, British Columbia to become the Kamloops Junior Oilers in 1981. The team changed their name to the Blazers in 1984.

The franchise has won the most Memorial Cups of any team in the WHL with five; two wins as New Westminster (1977 and 1978) and three wins as Kamloops (1992, 1994 and 1995). The CHL record is seven cups, held by the Toronto Marlboros (now the Guelph Storm). Since moving to Kamloops, the Blazers have only missed the playoffs twice in their 30 seasons.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (hockey team)

- **team**: Kamloops Blazers
- **colour**: background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#08007B 5px solid; border-bottom:#FF6200 5px solid;
- **colour text**: #000000
- **city**: Kamloops, British Columbia
- **league**: Western Hockey League
- **conference**: Western
- **division**: B.C.
- **founded**: 1966
- **arena**: Sandman Centre
- **colours**: Blue, white and orange

- **championships**: **6 WHL championships**: 1984, 1986, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1995
**3 Memorial Cup championships**: 1992, 1994, 1995
- **owner**: Tom Gaglardi (majority)
Shane Doan
Jarome Iginla
Mark Recchi
Darryl Sydor
- **gm**: Matt Bardsley
- **coach**: Shaun Clouston
- **website**: [http://www.blazerhockey.com/ www.blazerhockey.com]
- **name1**: Estevan Bruins
- **dates1**: 1966–1971
- **name2**: New Westminster Bruins
- **dates2**: 1971–1981
- **name3**: Kamloops Junior Oilers
- **dates3**: 1981–1984
- **name4**: Kamloops Blazers
- **dates4**: 1984–present
Kyoto National Museum

The **Kyoto National Museum** or **KNM** is one of the major art museums in Japan.  It is in Higashiyama Ward in Kyoto.

The museum has artworks and archaeological objects from Japan.  In the collection, there is an emphasis on material from the Heian period through the Edo period when Kyoto was the capital of Japan.

The Museum is currently undergoing renovation and will reopen in 2013.

## History

KMN was established in 1889 as the Imperial Museum of Kyoto.

Construction on the museum building finished in October 1895.

The museum's first exhibition was opened in 1897.

The museum went through a series of name changes.  In 1900, it was called the Imperial Household Museum of Kyoto.

In 1924, the museum was donated to the City of Kyoto in honor of the marriage of Crown Prince Hirohito.  At that time, the name was changed to the Imperial Gift Museum of Kyoto.

The current name was selected in 1952.

## Related pages

- Kyushu National Museum
- Nara National Museum (NNM)
- National Art Center, Tokyo (NACT)
- National Museum of Art, Osaka (NMAO)
- National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto (MOMAK)
- National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo (MOMAT)
- National Museum of Western Art (NMWA)
- Tokyo National Museum (TNM)
- List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan
- List of national museums

## Other websites

- http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/index_top.html , [http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/jp/index_top.html ]

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: Kyoto National Museum
- **native name**: _京都国立博物館_
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Kyoto National Museum 2009.jpg
- **imagesize**: 240
- **caption**: Façade of museum
- **alt**: Façade of museum, Kyoto National Museum
- **established**: May 1897
- **location**: Kyoto, Japan
- **type**: Art museum
- **website**: http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/
Kyushu National Museum

The  is one of the major museums in Japan. It is in Dazaifu in Fukuoka Prefecture.

The museum acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits a collection  of art works and archaeological objects of Japan and East Asia.  In the collection, there is an emphasis on the formation of Japanese culture through exchanges with other Asian countries and Kyushu.

## History

Kyushu National Museum opened in 2005.  The building was designed by Kiyonori Kikutake.

The museum was the first new national museum in Japan in over 100 years.

In December 2008, the museum was the venue for a trilateral diplomatic meeting between representatives of Japan, China and the Republic of Korea.

## Related pages

- Kyoto National Museum
- Nara National Museum
- National Art Center, Tokyo (NACT)
- National Museum of Art, Osaka (NMAO)
- National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto (MOMAK)
- National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo (MOMAT)
- National Museum of Western Art (NMWA)
- Tokyo National Museum
- List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan
- List of national museums

## Other websites

- Kyushu National Museum website , http://www.kyuhaku.com/pr/

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: Kyushu National Museum
- **native name**: 九州国立博物館
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: Kyushu-national-museum01.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200
- **established**: October 16, 2005
- **location**: Dazaifu, Fukuoka, Japan
- **type**: Art museum
- **website**: http://www.kyuhaku.com
National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo

The  or **MOMAT** is one of the major art museums in Japan.

MOMAT collects, houses, and preserves a collection  of modern art, including both Japanese- and Western-style paintings, prints, watercolors, drawings, and sculpture, all dating from the Meiji Period through the 20th century.

MOMAT is in Kitanomaru Park in Tokyo.

## History

MOMAT was established in 1952.

## Related pages

- Kyoto National Museum (KNM)
- Nara National Museum (NNM)
- National Art Center, Tokyo (NACT)
- National Museum of Art, Osaka (NMAO)
- National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto (MOMAK)
- National Museum of Western Art (NMWA)
- Tokyo National Museum (TNM)
- List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan
- List of national museums

## Other websites

- National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo website  , http://www.momat.go.jp/index.html

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo
- **native name**: _東京国立近代美術館_
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo (2006.05).jpg
- **imagesize**: 240
- **caption**: Main building
- **established**: 1952
- **location**: Tokyo, Japan
- **type**: Art museum
- **website**: http://www.momat.go.jp/english/
Skylar Grey

**Holly Brook Hafermann**, (born February 23, 1986), also known by the name **Skylar Grey**, is an American singer-songwriter. She has been on the songs of several rappers and R&B musicians.

## Weblinks

- skylargreymusic.com

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Skylar Grey
- **image**: Skylar Grey at Tibet Talk for World Peace (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Skylar Grey in 2011
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Holly Brook Hafermann
- **alias**: Holly Brook
- **origin**: Mazomanie, Wisconsin, Mazomanie, Wisconsin,
- **instrument**: Vocals, piano, guitar
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, Soul music, soul, folk rock, Rock music, rock, Hip hop music, hip hop
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter
- **years active**: 2004–present
- **label**: KIDinaKORNER, Interscope Records, Interscope, Machine Shop Recordings, Machine Shop
Hayley Williams

**Hayley Nichole Williams** (born December 27, 1988) is an American singer and songwriter. She is the lead singer of the American rock band Paramore. She has also been on the songs of R&B musicians and rappers. In 2002, at the age of 13, Hayley moved from her hometown in Mississippi, to Tennessee, where she met two of her future band members Josh and Zac Farro at her new school.
While still in school, she tried out for a local funk cover band called ‘The Factory’, in which she met her Jeremy Davis, who also went on to be in  Paramore.She was discovered in 2003 by managers Dave Steunebrink and Richard Williams who signed the her to a production deal at just 14 years of age.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Hayley Williams
- **img**: Hayleywilliamscrop.JPG
- **img capt**: Williams performing with Paramore on the 2007 :en:Vans Warped Tour, Vans Warped Tour.
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Hayley Nichole Williams
- **birth place**: Meridian, Mississippi, US
- **instrument**: Vocals, keyboards, piano, guitar, drums
- **genre**: Pop punk, alternative rock, punk rock, emo
- **occupation**: Musician, singer-songwriter
- **years active**: 2004–present
- **label**: Fueled by Ramen, Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros., Atlantic Records
- **associated acts**: Paramore
Oneota

**Oneota** is the name archaeologists have given to a culture found in North America. Oneota was mostly in what is now Wisconsin and neighboring states. It lasted from about AD 900 until about 1700. Archaeologists think Oneota became historic Macro-Siouan tribes such as the Ioway. A long-accepted ancestry to the Ho-chunk is not certain.

## Sources

- Gibbon, Guy E. (1982) _Oneota Studies._
- Green, William (ed.)(1995) _Oneota Archaeology: Past, Present, and Future._
- Geske, Nicole Lynne (2018) _The Life and Death of Bone: A Regional Approach to the Interpretation of Fragmented and Culturally Modified Oneota Human Remains_ (Ph.D., Michigan State University). https://www.proquest.com/openview/31ba762f11a20cde66dd18504ed64464
Temple Run

***Temple Run*** is a video game made by Imangi Studios. Right now it is for iOS systems, which the iPhone and the iPad use, and the Android system for mobile phones. In the iTunes store, it has been in the top 50 most-downloaded apps in December 2011, and also became the number 1 free iOS app. It has gone to the position of the top-grossing iOS app. The game was originally sold for 99 cents, but it is now free and relies on in-game coin purchases.

## Gameplay

The game is based around Guy Dangerous and other explorers that take a little statue from an ancient temple. The players control the characters and to begin the game the player must take the little statue. These players are Guy Dangerous, Scarlett Fox, Barry Bones, Karma Lee, Montana Smith, Francisco Montoya, and Zack Wonder. However, the player's efforts to steal the treasure seem useless when a group of evil monkeys pursue the player out of the temple, starting a "run." There is no finish line; the object of the game is to run as far as possible by going around obstacles that require the player to either jump (slide finger forward duck (slide finger backwards), or turn (slide finger to the right or left) in a precise manner. While all of this is happening, the player will be chased by the "evil monkeys". While playing, the player needs to tilt their device either to the left or the right to get coins. These coins are usually in the shape of a yellow diamond but according to their point value, they can also be a red diamond, a 2-point coin, or a blue diamond, a 3-point coin. Coins can be earned in game play to unlock objectives, and can also be spent at the store.

## Making

Husband-and-wife team Keith Shepherd and Natalia Luckyanova, along with artist Kiril Tchangov, created the hits Harbor Master and Temple Run. At first, the game was released for 99 cents, but soon enough they released Temple Run free, but with purchasable in-game coins. This made revenue multiply five times with in game coin purchasing.  Shepherd and Luckyanova developed the game, while Tchangov created the artwork.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Temple Run
- **producer**: Keith Shepherd and Natalia Luckyanova
- **designer**: Keith Shepherd and Natalia Luckyanova
- **programmer**: Keith Shepherd and Natalia Luckyanova
- **artist**: Kiril Tchangov
- **composer**: None
- **engine**: Canabolt
- **released**: August 4, 2011
- **genre**: Action
Doug Crossman

**Doug A. Crossman** (born June 13, 1960 in Peterborough, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. He played a combined 14 seasons in the NHL. He was drafted with the 112th overall pick by the Chicago Black Hawks in the 1979 NHL Entry Draft. He played 3 seasons with the Chicago Black Hawks, 5 with the Philadelphia Flyers, 1 with the Los Angeles Kings, 2 with the New York Islanders, 1 with the Hartford Whalers, 2 with the Detroit Red Wings, 1 with the Tampa Bay Lightning and 2 with the St. Louis Blues. Crossman was also a member of the 1987 Canada Cup Canadian National team.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
Philadelphia Flyers
Los Angeles Kings
New York Islanders
Hartford Whalers
Detroit Red Wings
Tampa Bay Lightning
St. Louis Blues
- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Defenceman (ice hockey), Defenceman
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 190
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **birth place**: Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- **draft**: 112th overall
- **draft year**: 1979
- **draft team**: Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
- **career start**: 1980
- **career end**: 1996
James Sie

**James Sie** (born December 18, 1962) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice artist, and comedian, best known as the voice of Monkey in _Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness_ and as the Cabbage Merchant in _Avatar: The Last Airbender_.

## Early life

Sie was born in Summit, New Jersey.

## Filmography

|style="background: #B0C4DE;"|Year|style="background: #B0C4DE;"|Title|style="background: #B0C4DE;"|Role|style="background: #B0C4DE;"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2011-present|_Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness_|Monkey|Television series|||||

## Video games

|style="background: #B0C4DE;"|Year|style="background: #B0C4DE;"|Title|style="background: #B0C4DE;"|Role|style="background: #B0C4DE;"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2008|_Kung Fu Panda_|Monkey|Replacing Jackie Chan|||||
|2011|_Kung Fu Panda 2_|Monkey|Replacing Jackie Chan|||||

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: James Sie
- **birth place**: Summit, New Jersey, United States, U.S.
- **alias**: James Sye
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Stand-up comedian, voice actor, comedian, actor
- **years active**: 1996–2019
- **children**: 1
Ernie Dickens

**Ernest Leslie Dickens** (June 25, 1921 – September 27, 1985) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman that played 6 seasons in the NHL. He played 2 seasons with the Toronto Maple Leafs and 4 seasons with the Chicago Black Hawks. Dickens won the Stanley Cup with the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1942. He was also named to the AHL First All-Star Team in 1947 and was named a “Honoured Member” of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
Toronto Maple Leafs
- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Defenceman (ice hockey), Defenceman
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 173
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **birth place**: Winnipeg, Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, MB, Canada, CAN
- **career start**: 1937
- **career end**: 1951
National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto

The  or **MOMAK** is one of the major art museums in Japan.  It is in the Okazaki area in Kyoto.

The museum has modern art, including Japanese-style painting (_nihonga_), Western-style painting (_yōga_), prints, sculpture, crafts and photography.

The Museum is currently undergoing renovation and will reopen in April 2012.

## History

MOMAK was established in 1963.  In the early days, it was a part of the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo.  It was an annex.

In 1967, this annex became the National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto.

The current building was designed by Fumihiko Maki.  It was opened in 1986.

## Related pages

- Kyoto National Museum (KNM)
- Kyushu National Museum
- Nara National Museum (NNM)
- National Art Center, Tokyo (NACT)
- National Museum of Art, Osaka (NMAO)
- National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo (MOMAT)
- National Museum of Western Art (NMWA)
- Tokyo National Museum (TNM)
- List of Independent Administrative Institutes in Japan
- List of national museums

## Other websites

- National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto website , [http://www.momak.go.jp/ ]

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto
- **native name**: _京都国立近代美術館_
- **native name lang**: ja
- **image**: National Museum of Modern Art Kyoto 2010.jpg
- **imagesize**: 240
- **caption**: Main entrance
- **established**: 1963
- **location**: Kyoto, Japan
- **type**: Art museum
- **website**: http://www.momak.go.jp/English/
Aichi S1A

The **Aichi S1A _Denko**_ (Bolt of Light) was a Japanese night fighter aircraft.

The Aichi S1A was intended to replace the Nakajima J1N1-S _Gekkou_ (_Irving_), used during the Second World War. The aircraft was not completed before the war ended. Two prototypes were made in 1945. The project was cancelled after the prototypes were destroyed during bomb attacks.