juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ophelia (moon)

**Ophelia** is a closer moon of Uranus. It was found from the images taken by _Voyager 2_ on January 20, 1986, and was given the designation **S/1986 U 8**. It was not seen until the Hubble Space Telescope saw it in 2003.

Ophelia was named after the daughter of Polonius, Ophelia, in William Shakespeare's play _Hamlet_. It is also designated **Uranus VII**.

Unfortunately, other than its orbit, radius of 23 km and geometric albedo of 0.08, almost nothing is known about it. At the Voyager 2 images Ophelia appears as a streched object, the major axis pointing towards Uranus.

## Other websites

- Ophelia Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration

## Infobox (planet)

- **name**: Ophelia
- **bgcolour**: #ffc0c0
- **discoverer**: Richard J. Terrile / _Voyager 2_
- **discovered**: January 20, 1986
- **mean orbit radius**: 53,763.390 ± 0.847 kilometre, km
- **eccentricity**: 0.00992 ± 0.000107
- **period**: 0.37640039 ± 0.00000357 d
- **inclination**: 0.10362 ± 0.055° (to Uranus' equator)
- **satellite of**: Uranus (planet), Uranus
- **dimensions**: 54 × 38 × 38 kilometre, km
- **mean radius**: 23 ± 4 kilometre, km
- **surface area**: ~6600 square kilometre, km²
- **volume**: ~41,000 cubic kilometre, km³
- **mass**: ~5.1 kilogram, kg
- **density**: ~1.3 g/cm³ _assumed_
- **surface grav**: ~0.0070 Acceleration, m/s<sup>2</sup>
- **escape velocity**: ~0.018 km/s
- **rotation**: synchronous
- **axial tilt**: zero
- **albedo**: 0.08 ± 0.01
- **single temperature**: ~64 Kelvin, K
Hinterrhein District

**Hinterrhein** is a district of the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has an area of 617.67 km² and a population of 12,508 people (as of December 2004).

Hinterrhein consists of five _Kreise_ (sub-districts) and 39 municipalities.

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Avers sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Avers|194|93.07|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Domleschg sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Almens|218|8.36|
|Feldis/Veulden|136|7.58|
|Fürstenau|320|1.30|
|Paspels|462|4.57|
|Pratval|251|0.80|
|Rodels|256|1.68|
|Rothenbrunnen|307|3.10|
|Scharans|812|14.28|
|Scheid|137|12.30|
|Sils im Domleschg|878|9.32|
|Trans|59|7.44|
|Tumegl/Tomils|356|3.21|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Rheinwald sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Hinterrhein|105|48.38|
|Nufenen|160|28.07|
|Splügen|458|60.53|
|Sufers|135|34.56|
</div>

On 1 January 2006, Medels im Rheinwald became part of Splügen.

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Schams sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Andeer|728|30.46|
|Ausserferrera|49|31.46|
|Casti-Wergenstein|58|25.59|
|Clugin|29|2.47|
|Donat|231|4.67|
|Innerferrera|39|43.97|
|Lohn|48|8.14|
|Mathon|61|15.12|
|Pignia|118|13.43|
|Rongellen|46|2.04|
|Zillis-Reischen|371|24.46|
</div>

On 1 January 2003, the municipalities of Donath and Patzen-Fardün became part of Donat.

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Thusis sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Cazis|1498|7.27|
|Flerden|191|6.06|
|Masein|406|4.19|
|Portein|24|3.42|
|Präz|180|11.33|
|Sarn|145|7.60|
|Tartar|184|1.58|
|Thusis|2,601|6.84|
|Tschappina|162|24.67|
|Urmein|95|4.35|
</div>
Imboden District

**Imboden** is a district of the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has an area of 203.78 km² and a population of 17,528 people. (as of December 2004).

It contains 2 _Kreise_ (sub-districts) and seven municipalities:

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Rhäzüns sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Bonaduz|2,569|14.45|
|Domat/Ems|6,819|24.24|
|Rhäzüns|1,237|13.28|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Trins sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Felsberg|2,040|13.39|
|Flims|2,568|50.46|
|Tamins|1,179|40.71|
|Trin|1,116|47.25|
</div>
Inn District, Switzerland

**Inn** is a district of the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has an area of 1,196.77 km² and a population of 9,371 people (as of December 2004).

It contains 4 _Kreise_ (sub-districts) and 18 municipalities:

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Ramosch (Remüs) sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Ramosch|495|84.08|
|Samnaun|819|56.18|
|Tschlin|424|75.08|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Suot Tasna (Untertasna) sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Ftan|497|43.10|
|Scuol|2,190|144.14|
|Sent|860|111.74|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Sur Tasna (Obtasna) sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Ardez|432|61.43|
|Guarda|177|31.45|
|Lavin|194|46.18|
|Susch|214|93.95|
|Tarasp|308|46.90|
|Zernez|1,035|203.91|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Val Müstair**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Fuldera|127|13.19|
|Lü|62|6.84|
|Müstair|814|77.71|
|Santa Maria Val Müstair|346|41.62|
|Tschierv|174|42.56|
|Valchava|203|16.71|
</div>
Landquart District

**Landquart** is a district of the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has an area of 193.91 km² and a population of 22,450 people as of December 2004.

It contains 2 _Kreise_ (sub-districts) and 11 municipalities
Maloja District

**Maloja ** () is a district of the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has an area of  and a population of 17,810 people (as of December 2004). Most of the population of Maloja speaks Italian.

It contains 2 _Kreise_ (sub-districts) and 16 municipalities:

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Bergell sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Bondo|207|28.21|
|Castasegna|194|6.76|
|Soglio|181|67.64|
|Stampa|575|94.74|
|Vicosoprano|463|54.01|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Oberengadin sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Bever|646|45.65|
|Celerina/Schlarigna|1,306|24.03|
|La Punt-Chamues-ch|682|63.22|
|Madulain|186|16.35|
|Pontresina|1,877|118.24|
|St. Moritz|5,084|28.69|
|Samedan|2,828|113.97|
|S-chanf|675|137.90|
|Sils im Engadin/Segl|716|63.54|
|Silvaplana|966|44.71|
|Zuoz|1,224|65.62|
</div>

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Maloja District
- **native name**: Bezirk Maloja
 Distretto di Maloggia
 District da Malögia
- **settlement type**: District
- **image map**: Karte Bezirk Maloja 2010.png
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision type2**: Cantons of Switzerland, Canton
- **subdivision type3**: Capital
- **subdivision name3**: Samedan
- **area total km2**: 973.61
- **population as of**: 2012
- **population total**: 18733
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **blank name sec1**: Municipalities
- **blank info sec1**: 16
Moesa District

**Moesa** is a district of the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has an area of 496.11 km² and a population of 7,640 people (as of December 2004).

It contains 3 _Kreise_ (sub-districts) and 17 municipalities:

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Calanca sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Arvigo|99|17.01|
|Braggio|64|6.88|
|Buseno|98|11.26|
|Castaneda|230|3.94|
|Cauco|38|10.89|
|Rossa|129|58.93|
|Santa Maria in Calanca|109|9.32|
|Selma|39|2.88|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Mesocco sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Lostallo|670|50.91|
|Mesocco|1,226|164.76|
|Soazza|374|46.37|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Roveredo sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Cama|459|15.06|
|Grono|911|14.83|
|Leggia|115|9.15|
|Roveredo|2,228|38.78|
|San Vittore|688|22.03|
|Verdabbio|163|13.11|
</div>

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Moesa
- **native name**: Distretto di Moesa
- **settlement type**: District
- **image map**: Karte Bezirk Moësa 2009.png
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision type2**: Cantons of Switzerland, Canton
- **subdivision type3**: Capital
- **subdivision name3**: Roveredo
- **area total km2**: 473.74
- **population as of**: December 2015
- **population total**: 8125
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **blank name sec1**: Municipalities
- **blank info sec1**: 14
Plessur District

**Plessur** is a district of the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has an area of 266.73 km² and a population of 38,899 people (as of December 2004). The district is named after the river Plessur which crosses it.

Plessur contains 3 _Kreise_ (sub-districts) Chur, Churwalden and Schanfigg, which makes a total of 16 municipalities:

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="3" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|Chur sub-district||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Chur|32,434|28.01|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="3" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|Churwalden sub-district||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Churwalden|1,234|26.68|
|Malix|701|12.60|
|Parpan|269|9.30|
|Praden|113|6.42|
|Tschiertschen|225|21.39|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="3" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|Schanfigg sub-district||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Arosa|2,276|42.54|
|Calfreisen|51|5.17|
|Castiel|123|5.41|
|Langwies|285|54.85|
|Lüen|85|3.46|
|Maladers|506|7.61|
|Molinis|151|13.24|
|Pagig|69|5.24|
|Peist|221|17.93|
|St. Peter|156|6.88|
</div>
Davos (district)

**Davos** is a district of the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has an area of 823.95 km² and a population of 25,728 people (as of December 2004).

It contains 7 _Kreise_ (sub-districts) and 16 municipalities:

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Davos sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Davos|10,941|254.48|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Jenaz sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Fideris|599|25.32|
|Furna|226|33.25|
|Jenaz|1,158|25.95|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Klosters sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Klosters-Serneus|3,935|193.16|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Küblis sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Conters im Prättigau|217|18.40|
|Küblis|835|8.13|
|Saas im Prättigau|769|26.74|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Luzein sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Luzein|1,152|31.63|
|St. Antönien|226|42.60|
|St. Antönien Ascharina|117|9.62|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Schiers sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Grüsch|1,251|10.01|
|Schiers|2,408|61.75|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Seewis sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Fanas|383|21.83|
|Seewis im Prättigau|1,379|49.64|
|Valzeina|132|11.44|
</div>

The sub-districts Davos, Jenaz, Klosters, Küblis and Luzein belonged until 1986 to the defunct district _Oberlandquart_; the sub-districts Schiers and Seewis to the defunct district _Unterlandquart_.
Adrastea (moon)

**Adrastea** or ***', is the second closest moon to Jupiter. It was found by David C. Jewitt and G. Edward Danielson in _Voyager 2_ probe photographs taken in 1979 and received the designation ***'. In 1983, it was named after the mythological Adrastea, who was a daughter of Jupiter and Ananke.

Adrastea was the first moon to be found from images taken by an interplanetary spacecraft, rather than through telescopic photography.

## Physical characteristics

Adrastea is non-spherical and measures 20x16x14 km³ across. What Adrastea is made of and the mass of Adrastea are not known, but assuming that its mean density is like that of Amalthea (~0.86 g/cm³) its mass can be estimated at ~2×10<sup>15</sup> kg. Amalthea's density implies that moon is composed of water ice with a porosity of 10-15%, and Adrastea may be similar.

No surface details of Adrastea are known, due to the low resolution of available images.

## Orbit

Adrastea is the smallest and second closest member of the closer moons to Jupiter. It orbits Jupiter at ~129,000 km (1.806 Jupiter radii) within the planet's Main Ring. The orbital eccentricity of ~0.0015 and inclination of ~ 0.03° relative to the equator of Jupiter are very small.

## Exploration

Adrastea was found in _Voyager 1 and 2_ images, but appeared only as a dot. The _Galileo_ spacecraft was able to see its shape, but the images remain poor.

## Other websites

- Adrastea Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration

## Infobox (planet)

- **name**: Adrastea
- **image**: adrastea.jpg
- **bgcolour**: #a0ffa0
- **caption**: Image of Adrastea taken by Galileo probe, Galileo's solid state imaging system between November 1996 and June 1997.
- **discoverer**: David Jewitt, David C. Jewitt
 G. Edward Danielson
- **discovered**: July 8, 1979
- **mean orbit radius**: 129,000 kilometre, km
- **eccentricity**: 0.0015
- **period**: 0.29826 d (7 h 9.5 min)
- **avg speed**: 31.378 km/s
- **inclination**: 0.03° (to Jupiter's equator)
- **satellite of**: Jupiter (planet), Jupiter
- **mean radius**: 8.2 ± 2.0 km
- **dimensions**: 20×16×14 km
- **volume**: ~2,345 square kilometre, km³
- **mass**: ~2 kilogram, kg
- **density**: 0.86 g/cm³ (assumed)
- **surface grav**: ~0.002 Acceleration, m/s² (0.0004 g)
- **escape velocity**: ~0.008 km/s
- **rotation**: synchronous rotation, synchronous
- **axial tilt**: zero
- **albedo**: ~0.1 ± 0.045
- **single temperature**: ~122 Kelvins, K
Surselva (district)

**Surselva** is a district of the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has an area of 1,373.39 km² and a population of 22,381 people (as of December 2004).

It contains 5 _Kreise_ (sub-districts) and 43 municipalities:

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Disentis sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Breil/Brigels|1,323|50.84|
|Disentis/Mustér|2,166|91.08|
|Medel (Lucmagn)|480|136.20|
|Schlans|96|8.83|
|Sumvitg|1,383|101.83|
|Trun|1,287|43.03|
|Tujetsch|1,811|133.92|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Ilanz sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Castrisch|416|7.18|
|Falera|546|22.35|
|Flond|205|2.09|
|Ilanz|2,339|4.50|
|Laax|1,228|31.68|
|Ladir|117|7.21|
|Luven|204|6.83|
|Pitasch|119|10.81|
|Riein|65|15.82|
|Ruschein|356|12.54|
|Sagogn|640|6.95|
|Schluein|506|4.81|
|Schnaus|121|2.99|
|Sevgein|213|4.60|
|Valendas|306|22.79|
|Versam|271|16.77|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Lumnezia/Lugnez sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Cumbel|270|4.45|
|Degen|254|6.74|
|Duvin|95|17.91|
|Lumbrein|424|37.83|
|Morissen|244|5.69|
|St. Martin|38|22.93|
|Suraua|291|24.20|
|Surcuolm|120|6.50|
|Vals|1,007|152.58|
|Vella|454|7.91|
|Vignogn|187|7.38|
|Vrin|270|71.23|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Ruis sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Andiast|255|13.63|
|Obersaxen|798|61.54|
|Pigniu|43|17.98|
|Rueun|431|11.58|
|Siat|193|13.48|
|Waltensburg/Vuorz|393|32.32|
</div>

<div style="padding:1em 20px 1em 20px; color:#000000;text-align:left;">
|colspan="5" align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF"|**Safien sub-district**||
| --- | --- | --- |
|Safien|326|100.58|
|Tenna|90|11.28|
</div>
Almens

**Almens** was a municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Almens, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels and Tomils merged into the new municipality of Domleschg.

## Languages

German is the most common language in Almens.

|**Languages in Almens**||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Language**|**Census of 1980**|**Census of 1990**|**Census of 2000**|||||
|**Number**|**Percentage**|**Number**|**Percentage**|**Number**|**Percentage**|||
|German|158|88.27%|185|92.50%|208|95.85%||
|Romansh|18|10.06%|10|5.00%|6|2.76%||
|Italian|3|1.68%|0|0.00%|1|0.46%||
|**Population**|179|100%|200|100%|217|100%||

## Other websites

- Official Web site

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Almens
- **image photo**: Almens Dorf.jpg
- **municipality name**: Almens
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Almens_wappen.svg
- **canton**: Graubünden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GR
- **district**: Hinterrhein (district), Hinterrhein
- **postal code**: 7416
- **municipality code**: 3631
- **area**: 8.34
- **elevation**: 787
- **population**: 228
- **populationof**: Dec 2013
- **website**: www.domleschg.ch
- **mayor**: Andreas Wespi
- **neighboring municipalities**: Churwalden, Fürstenau, Switzerland, Fürstenau, Paspels, Pratval, Rodels, Scharans, Trans, Switzerland, Trans, Vaz/Obervaz
Bernese Jura

**Bernese Jura** (German:_Berner Jura_, French: _Jura Bernois_) is a part of the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is the French speaking part of the canton. It was made after the canton of Jura split from the canton of Bern. The Bernese Jura is made of three districts, Courtelary, La Neuveville and Moutier. The people living there are mainly protestants, they chose to stay with the canton of Bern in 1979.
Alvaneu

**Alvaneu** is a former municipality in the district of Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

It consists of Alvaneu-Dorf and Alvaneu-Bad. The area is 35.68 km² and the population is 421 people.

On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Alvaneu, Alvaschein, Brienz/Brinzauls, Mon, Stierva, Surava and Tiefencastel merged into the new municipality of Albula/Alvra.

## Languages

This table shows the languages of Alvaneu:

|colspan="7" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"|**Languages in Alvaneu**||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Language**|**Census of 1980**|**Census of 1990**|**Census of 2000**||||
|**Number**|**Percentage**|**Number**|**Percentage**|**Number**|**Percentage**||
|German|189|49.87%|230|60.53%|308|76.43%|
|Romansh|157|41.42%|109|28.68%|68|16.87%|
|Italian|30|7.92%|28|7.37%|14|3.47%|
|**Population**|379|100%|380|100%|403|100%|

## Other websites

- Gemeinde Alvaneu —official site of the municipality
- Bad Alvaneu—thermal baths

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Alvaneu
- **municipality name**: Alvaneu
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Alvaneu COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Alvaneu.png
- **canton**: Graubünden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GR
- **district**: Albula (district), Albula
- **postal code**: 7492
- **municipality code**: 3511
- **area**: 35.63
- **elevation**: 1181
- **population**: 421
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.alvaneu.ch
- **mayor**: Thomas Kollegger
- **neighboring municipalities**: Arosa, Brienz/Brinzauls, Filisur, Lantsch/Lenz, Schmitten, Graubünden, Schmitten, Surava, Tiefencastel
Birgisch

**Birgisch** was a municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Birgisch and Mund merged into the municipality of Naters.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Birgisch
- **municipality name**: Birgisch
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Birgisch-blason.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Birgisch.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Brig (district), Brig
- **postal code**: 3903
- **municipality code**: 6001
- **area**: 5.7
- **elevation**: 1093
- **population**: 230
- **populationof**: December 2002
- **neighboring municipalities**: Mund, Naters
Eggerberg

**Eggerberg** is a municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Eggerberg
- **municipality name**: Eggerberg
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Eggerberg COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Eggerberg.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Brig (district), Brig
- **postal code**: 3939
- **municipality code**: 6004
- **area**: 6.0
- **elevation**: 852
- **population**: 377
- **populationof**: December 2002
- **website**: www.eggerberg.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Ausserberg, Baltschieder, Lalden, Mund
- **twintowns**: Rothrist (Switzerland)
Mund

**Mund** was a municipality in the district of Brig in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Mund and Birgisch merged into the municipality of Naters.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Mund
- **municipality name**: Mund
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Mund-coat of arms.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Mund.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Brig (district), Brig
- **postal code**: 3903
- **municipality code**: 6006
- **area**: 40.2
- **elevation**: 1188
- **population**: 584
- **populationof**: 2002
- **website**: www.mund.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Baltschieder, Birgisch, Brig-Glis, Eggerberg, Lalden, Naters
Dallenwil

**Dallenwil** is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland.

The main sights of Dallenwil are the ski and summer resort _Wiesenberg/Wirzweli_, the church _St. Laurentius_, and the pilgrimage chapel _Wiesenberg_.

## Other websites

- Dallenwil.ch   official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Dallenwil
- **municipality name**: Dallenwil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Dallenwil COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Dallenwil.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Nidwalden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-NW
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 6383
- **municipality code**: 1503
- **area**: 15.48
- **elevation**: 545
- **population**: 1724
- **populationof**: December 2003
- **website**: www.dallenwil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Ennetmoos, Kerns (OW), Oberdorf, Nidwalden, Oberdorf, Stans, Wolfenschiessen
Emmetten

**Emmetten** is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland.

The main sights of Emmetten are the _St. Anna_ chapel in Schöneck, the church _St. Jakob und St. Theresia_, the chapel of the holy cross with frescos of _danse macabre_ in _Sagendorf_, and the chapel in _Erlen_.

## Other websites

- Official Homepage of Emmetten

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Emmetten
- **municipality name**: Emmetten
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Emmetten COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Nidwalden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-NW
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 6376
- **municipality code**: 1504
- **area**: 28.63
- **elevation**: 774
- **population**: 1206
- **populationof**: December 2003
- **website**: www.emmetten.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beckenried, Gersau (SZ), Ingenbohl (SZ), Isenthal (UR), Seelisberg (UR)
Ennetbürgen

**Ennetbürgen** is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland.

The main sights of Ennetbürgen are the Saint Jost Chapel and the Church of Saint Anton.

## Other websites

- Official Homepage of Ennetbürgen

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Ennetbürgen
- **municipality name**: Ennetbürgen
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Ennetburgen COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Nidwalden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-NW
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 6373
- **municipality code**: 1505
- **area**: 17.70
- **elevation**: 435
- **population**: 4120
- **populationof**: December 2003
- **website**: www.ennetbuergen.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Beckenried, Buochs, Gersau (SZ), Stans, Stansstad, Vitznau (LU), Weggis (LU)
Ennetmoos

**Ennetmoos** is a municipality in the canton of Nidwalden in Switzerland.

The main sights of Ennetmoos are the chapels of  Saint Jakob, Saint Leonhard (in Rohren), and Saint Magnus (in Allweg), a monument (Überfalldenkmal) in Allweg, ruins at Rotzberg, the Stanserhorn mountain and resort, and the pilgrimage route St. Jakobsweg.

## Other websites

- Official Homepage of Ennetmoos

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Ennetmoos
- **municipality name**: Ennetmoos
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Ennetmoos COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Nidwalden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-NW
- **district**: n.a.
- **postal code**: 6372
- **municipality code**: 1506
- **area**: 14.95
- **elevation**: 521
- **population**: 1929
- **populationof**: December 2003
- **website**: www.ennetmoos.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Alpnach (OW), Dallenwil, Kerns (OW), Stans, Stansstad
Carpo (moon)

**Carpo** or ***', is a moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2003, and was designated as ***' until it got its name in early 2005.

Carpo is about 3 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 17,145,000 km in 458.625 days, at an inclination of 56° to the ecliptic (55° to Jupiter's equator), and with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2736.

It was named in March 2005 after Carpo, one of the Horae, and a daughter of Zeus (Jupiter).

## Infobox (planet)

- **name**: Carpo
- **bgcolour**: #ffc0c0
- **discoverer**: Scott S. Sheppard _et al._
- **discovered**: 2003
- **mean orbit radius**: 17.145 million km
- **period**: 458.625 days
- **inclination**: 56° to the ecliptic
- **eccentricity**: 0.2736
- **mean radius**: ~1.5km
- **image**: Carpo.png
Sari, Iran

**Sari** () is the capital city of the Mazandaran province in Iran.
Rasht

'''Rasht is the capital city of Gilan province in northwest Iran.

Rasht was called  “Dār al-Marz Rasht” meaning "Rasht on the Border" because, for many years, it was right on the border between Iran and other countries.
Mazandaran province

**Mazandaran** is a province in the Caspie of Iran. It south of the Caspian Sea. It has borders with Golestan, Semnan, Tehran, Qazvin and Gilan provinces. It's fully Mazani like the majority Mazandarani Tehran.https://iranica.com

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mazandaran Province
- **native name**:

- **native name lang**: fa
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **imagesize**: 275px
- **image map1**: IranMazandaran-SVG.svg
- **map caption1**: Location of Mazandaran Province within Iran
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Iran, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Region 1
- **parts type**: Counties of Iran, Counties
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: 22
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Sari, Iran, Sari
- **leader party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **leader title**: List of current Iran governors-general, Governor-general
- **leader name**: Mahdi Younesi Rostami
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 23833
- **population total**: 3283582
- **population as of**: 2016
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Iran, Main language(s)
- **blank info sec1**: Mazanderani language, Mazandarani (Tabari)
- **timezone1**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1**: +03:30
- **area code**: 11
- **iso code**: IR-02
- **blank name sec2**: Human Development Index, HDI (2017)
- **blank info sec2**: 0.845
 · List of Iranian provinces by Human Development Index, 4th
- **website**: [http://www.ostan-mz.ir/ ostan-mz.ir]
Kallichore (moon)

**Kallichore** or ***', is a moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard, et al. in 2003. It got the designation ***'.

Kallichore is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 23,112,000 km in 717.806 days, at an inclination of 165° to the ecliptic (164° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2042.

It was named in March 2005 after the nymph Kallichore.

Kallichore belongs to the Carme group, made up of non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23,000,000 and 24,000,000 km and at an inclination of about 165°.
Eurydome (moon)

**Eurydome** or ***', is a moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2001, and given the designation ***'.

Eurydome is about 3 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 23,231,000 km in 723.359 days, at an inclination of 149° to the ecliptic (147° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.3770.

It was named in August 2003 after Eurydome in Greek mythology, who is sometimes described as the mother of the Graces by Zeus (Jupiter).

Eurydome belongs to the Pasiphaë group, non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at distances ranging between 22,800,000 and 24,100,000 km, and with inclinations ranging between 144.5° and 158.3°.
Sari (clothing)

A **Sari** (also known as a **Saree** or a **Shari**) is a type of clothing traditionally worn by Indian women. It is used as a daily clothing by many ethnic groups not only in India but also in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. The history of Sari-like drapery can be traced back to the Indus Valley civilization, which existed during 2800–1800 BCE mainly in modern-day Pakistan. It is a very long strip of cloth which is wraped around the body.

There are different kinds of saris for different occasions. The first mention of saris (alternately spelled sarees) is in the Rig Veda, a Hindu book of hymns dating to 3,000 B.C.; draped garments show up on sculptures from the first through sixth centuries, too. Maximum of the states of India are engaged with maufacturing saris having there own speciality and styles, and now it is one of the growing industry.
Thyone (moon)

**Thyone** or ***', is a non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard, et al. in 2001, and given the designation ***'.

Thyone is about 4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 21,406,000 km in 639.803 days, at an inclination of 147° to the ecliptic (147° to Jupiter's equator) with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2526.

It was named in August 2003 after Thyone, better known as Semele, one of Zeus' conquests in Greek mythology.

Thyone belongs to the Ananke group, retrograde non-spherical moons which orbit Jupiter between 19,300,000 and 22,700,000 km, at inclinations of about 150°.
Sukhoi Su-27

The **Su-27 Flanker** is a Soviet/Russian single-seat fighter aircraft made by Sukhoi. It first flew on 20 May 1977, and was introduced on 23 August 1990. It was first made by the Soviet Union as a fighter, but now it is in the Russian Air Force. It can hold up to 10 guided Air-to-Air medium-range R-27E or short-range R-73 or unguided Air-to-Ground missiles, unguided bombs, and a GSh-301 30mm cannon with 150 bullets. It has two AL-31F turbofan engines, a multi-purpose onboard search and track radar, an optical infrared search and track station with a laser rangefinder linked to pilot's helmet-mounted target designator and with a wide-angle HUD.

The Su-27 was made to pair with the MiG-29 Fulcrum, but in the Eritrean-Ethiopian War, Ethiopian Su-27s shot down 5 Eritrean MiG-29s. It was also supposed to fight American fighters like the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon. There are the prototype versions **T10 Flanker-A** and **T10S**, the version **S Flanker-B** for the Russian Air Force, the interceptor version **P Flanker-B** without Air-to-Ground weapons for the Russian Air Force, the two-seat trainer version **UB Flanker-C** for the Russian Air Force, the export versions **SK** and **UBK**, the upgraded export versions **SKM** and **UBM**. There are fighters similar to the Su-27, like the Su-33 Flanker-D and the Su-30 Flanker-C .

The Su-27 is still in service with the Russian Air Force and others. Russian Air Force has hundreds of aircraft.
Half the fleet -about 100 fighters- has been modernized in the SM version from 2004 to 2012. The SM version has improved avionics, guided Air-to-Ground missiles and guided bombs and a “glass” cockpit. Russian Air Force received 12 newly built modernized SM3 aircraft in 2011.

## Related pages

- MiG-29 Fulcrum
- F-16 Fighting Falcon
- F-15 Eagle
- F/A-18 Hornet
- F-14 Tomcat
F. W. Murnau

**Friedrich Wilhelm "F. W." Murnau** (28 December 1888 – 11 March 1931) was a German movie director. He was one of the most influential directors of the silent movie era.  He was born in Bielefeld and attended the University of Heidelberg. He studied art history. He was openly gay. He was 6'4 (193 cm). He was said to have an icy disposition and an obsession with film. He was a combat pilot during World War I. He directed his first movie _Der Knabe in Blau_ () in 1919.

Murnau's most famous movie is _Nosferatu_ (1922). It was based on the book _Dracula_. _Faust_ was Murnau's last German movie. _Nosferatu_ and _Faust_ were two of the first films to have original music. Some of his German movies were considered to be Expressionist movies.

Murnau went to Hollywood in 1926. He joined the Fox Studio. He made _Sunrise_ in 1927. It did not make a lot of money. It did receive an Academy Award in 1929. Murnau's next two movies were sound movies. They were not well received. Murnau was disappointed. He quit Fox. He went to the South Pacific. In Bora Bora he made _Tabu_. The movie was censored in the United States for images of bare-breasted Polynesian women. Murnau died in an automobile accident in Santa Barbara, California. He is buried in Stahnsdorf near Berlin.Only 11 people attended his funeral. One of them was Greta Garbo.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: F. W. Murnau
- **image**: File:F. W. Murnau circa 1920-1930.jpg
- **caption**: Murnau circa 1920-1930
- **birth name**: Friedrich Wilhelm Plumpe
- **birth place**: Bielefeld, Province of Westphalia, German Empire
- **death place**: Santa Barbara, California, U.S.
- **burial place**: :de:Südwestkirchhof Stahnsdorf, Südwestkirchhof Stahnsdorf
- **occupation**: Film director
- **years active**: 1919–1931
Harpalyke (moon)

**Harpalyke** or ***', is a non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott S. Sheppard in 2000, and given the designation ***'. In August 2003,the moon was named after Harpalyke, the incestuous daughter of Klymenos, who was in some accounts a lover of Zeus (Jupiter).

Harpalyke belongs to the Ananke group, believed to be the remnants of a break-up of a captured asteroid. It is about 4 kilometres in diameter and appears grey similar to C-type asteroids. The moon orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 21,064,000 km in 624.542 days, at an inclination of 147° to the ecliptic (147° to Jupiter's equator) with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2441.

## References

1. <li value="8">Ephemeris IAU-MPC NSES
1. Mean orbital parameters NASA JPL

## Other websites

- David Jewitt pages
- Scott Sheppard pages
Giganotosaurus

***Giganotosaurus*** is a large theropod dinosaur. It lived during the Upper Cretaceous, about 99 - 97 million years ago in what is now Argentina. 70 percent of the skeleton has been found. _Giganotosaurus_ was probably the second largest carnivorous dinosaur of all time. Another large carnivore, _Mapusaurus_, also lived in the same territory. They were both relatives of the North African  _Carcharodontosaurus_.

The largest specimen is  long, and  tall at the hip. Its weight is estimated as .

Titanosaur fossils belonging to _Andesaurus_ and _Limaysaurus_ have been found near the remains of _Giganotosaurus_. The huge titanosaur _Argentinosaurus_ also lived in the area. Probably, the titanosaurs were the main prey of the large theropods.
Orthosie (moon)

**Orthosie** or ***', is a moon of Jupiter. It was found by a team of astronomers from the University of Hawaii led by Scott Sheppard in 2001, and given the designation ***'.

Orthosie is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 20,568,000 km in 602.619 days, at an inclination of 142° to the ecliptic (143° to Jupiter's equator), with an orbital eccentricity of 0.2433.

It was named in August 2003 after Orthosie, the Greek goddess of prosperity and one of the Horae. The Horae (Hours) were daughters of Zeus and Themis.

Orthosie belongs to the Ananke group, retrograde non-spherical moons which orbit Jupiter between 19,300,000 and 22,700,000 km, at inclinations of about 150°.
Eoraptor

***Eoraptor*** is one of the earliest known theropod dinosaurs. It was a very small omnivore or carnivore which lived in the Lower Triassic, about 231-228 million years ago (mya). It is the only one of the possible early dinosaurs which can be exactly dated by a layer of volcanic ash close beneath the fossil.

_Eoraptor_ was a small, lightly-built archosaur that walked on two long legs. It was about  it had light, hollow bones, a long head with dozens of small, sharp teeth, and five fingers on its grasping hands (two of the fingers on each hand were very small).

The fossil was found in the Ischigualasto Formation in the Argentine. This contains some of the oldest known dinosaur and archosaur remains. They are of top quality, number and importance. It is the only place in the world where nearly all of the Triassic is represented in an undisturbed sequence of strata. What is now badlands was then a volcanically active floodplain dominated by rivers, with a strongly seasonal rainfall.

Rhynchosaurs and cynodonts are by far the most common among the tetrapod fossils in the park. Dinosaurs make up only 6% of the findings, but these include early samples of the two major lineages of dinosaurs (ornithischians and saurischians). The carnivorous _Herrerasaurus_ is the most numerous of these dinosaur fossils.

## Teeth

The teeth of Eoraptor  are of two types. There are  serrated, recurved teeth in the maxillae (upper jaws), like the teeth  of theropods, and leaf-shaped teeth in the dentary (lower jaw), like the teeth of basal sauropodomorphs.

## Cladogram

Below is a cladogram based on the phylogenetic analysis conducted by Sues et al. in 2011, showing the relationships of _Eoraptor_:

A large analysis of early dinosaurs by Matthew Baron, David Norman and Paul Barrett (2017) found _Eoraptor_ to be the earliest diverging member of Theropoda, within the larger clade Ornithoscelida.
Expressionism

**<span lang="sq" dir="ltr">Expressionism</span>** is an art and cultural movement of the 20th century.
Expressionist artists try to express a feeling with what they create. Colours and shapes are not used in a way people see them, but as the artist feels them.

Expressionism emerged as an 'avant-garde movement' in poetry and painting before the First World War. In the Weimar years it was appreciated by a mass audience, peaking in popularity in 1920s Berlin.

Expressionism presents the world as subjective: how the artist feels it, not how it is scientifically. The art looks to get an emotional effect, and transmits personal moods and ideas. Expressionist artists sought to express the meaning of "being alive" and emotional experience rather than physical reality.

Expressionism is exhibited in many art forms, including: painting, literature, theatre, dance, film, architecture and music. The term often implies emotional angst. In a general sense, painters such El Greco could be called expressionist; in practice, the term is applied only to 20th century works.

The Expressionist stress on the individual perspective was also a reaction to positivism and other artistic movements such as naturalism and impressionism.

Typical modern expressionists are Edvard Munch (_The Scream_), August Macke, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Emil Nolde, Marc Chagall,  and others. The First World War, with the many young men who died, left deep impressions on artists' minds.
Suchomimus

**Suchomimus** ("crocodile mimic") was a fish-eating (and meat-eating) large spinosaurid theropod dinosaur with a crocodile-like head. It lived 112 million years ago in the Lower Cretaceous period in what is now Africa.

It was about 10.3–11 m (34–36 ft) long, and weighed 2.7 and 5.2 tonnes (2.7 and 5.1 long tons; 3.0 and 5.7 short tons). It walked on two powerful hind legs, and had short clawed arms with three fingers, the first finger was the longest.
Kale (moon)

**Kale** or ***', is a non-spherical moon of Jupiter. It was found in 2001 by astronomers at the University of Hawaii, and was originally designated as ***'.

Kale is about 2 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 22,409,000 km in 685.324 days, at an orbital inclination of 165° to the ecliptic (166° to Jupiter's equator), with an eccentricity of 0.2011.

It was named in August 2003 after one of the Charites (Greek Χάριτες, Latin _Gratiae_, "Graces"), daughters of Zeus (Jupiter). Kale is the spouse of Hephaestus according to some authors (although most have Aphrodite play that role).

It belongs to the Carme group, made up of non-spherical retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23,000,000 and 24,000,000 km and at an inclination of about 165°.
Hurricane Humberto (2007)

**Hurricane Humberto** formed and strengthened faster than any other tropical cyclone on record within 18 hours of landfall; developing on September 12, 2007 in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, the cyclone quickly strengthened and struck High Island, Texas, with winds of about 90 mph (150 km/h) early on September 13. It steadily weakened after moving ashore, and on September 14 it began dissipating over northwestern Georgia as it interacted with an approaching cold front. Humberto was the eighth named storm and third hurricane of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season, and became the first hurricane to strike the United States since Hurricane Wilma of 2005. Damage was fairly light, estimated at about $50 million.

## Related pages

- 2007 Atlantic hurricane season

## Other websites

- "Victims of Humberto assess damage", _Houston Chronicle_, September 14, 2007.

## Infobox (hurricane)

- **name**: Hurricane Humberto
- **type**: hurricane
- **year**: 2007
- **basin**: Atl
- **image location**: Humberto 12 sept 2007 1655Z.jpg
- **image name**: Tropical Storm Humberto near the Texas coast.
- **formed**: September 12, 2007
- **dissipated**: September 14, 2007
- **1-min winds**: 80
- **pressure**: 985
- **damages**: 50
- **deaths**: 1 direct
- **areas**: southeast Texas, Louisiana
- **hurricane season**: 2007 Atlantic hurricane season
- **nocategory**: 1
High Island, Texas

**High Island** is an unincorporated area in Galveston County, Texas. It is in the extreme eastern part of the county on Bolivar Peninsula, less than one mile from Chambers county and less than two miles from Jefferson county. As of 1990, 500 people resided in High Island.

In 2007, Hurricane Humberto made landfall near High Island.

## Other websites

- Houston Audubon - High Island
- List of over 230 bird species seen at High Island
Waterford Nuclear Generating Station

The **Waterford Steam Electric Station, Unit 3**, also known as **Waterford 3**, is a nuclear power station located on a 3,000-acre (12-km²) up-river from Hahnville, Louisiana, in St. Charles Parish.

## Other websites

- U.S. Department of Energy web page for Waterford
- NRC's web page on Waterford
Passenger car

A **passenger car** (North America) is a type of railway rolling stock that is designed to carry passengers. In British English it may be called a coach or carriage.
McComb, Mississippi

**McComb** is a city in Pike County, Mississippi, about 80 miles south of Jackson, just off of Interstate 55. As of the 2020 census, 12,413 people lived there, nearly the same as in the 1980 census (12,331). It is the principal city of the McComb, Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area. McComb was founded in 1872 after Henry Simpson McComb of the New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern Railroad (which would become the Illinois Central Railroad and now a part of the Canadian National Railway), decided to move the railroad's maintenance shops away from New Orleans, Louisiana, to avoid the New Orleans' saloons.

Singer Britney Spears was born in McComb.

## Other websites

- Website about McComb
- McComb Enterprise Journal Newspaper
- Map of McComb with links to local businesses
- McComb Police Department
- McComb City Railroad Depot Museum
- Percy Quin State Park , six miles south of McComb

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: McComb, Mississippi
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: Pike_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_McComb_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of McComb Mississippi
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Mississippi
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Mississippi, County
- **subdivision name2**: Pike County, Mississippi, Pike
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 30.66
- **area land km2**: 30.51
- **area water km2**: 0.15
- **area total sq mi**: 11.84
- **area land sq mi**: 11.78
- **area water sq mi**: 0.06
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 12413
- **population density km2**: 406.85
- **population density sq mi**: 1053.74
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation m**: 129
- **elevation ft**: 423
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 39648-39649
- **area code**: Area code 601, 601/Area code 769, 769
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
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- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
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Checkpoint Charlie

**Checkpoint Charlie** was one of three places where people could travel from the Western occupied sectors of Germany and Berlin to the Soviet occupied sectors.

These places were called checkpoints because they were places where passports and identities were checked.
- _Checkpoint Alpha_ was at Helmstedt in West Germany, in the former British Zone. It was at the western end of the main road (autobahn) to West Berlin.
- _Checkpoint Bravo_ was at Dreilinden at the West Berlin end of that autobahn.
- _Checkpoint Charlie_ was at Friedrichstraße in West Berlin. It was the most famous. It was the only place where foreigners could walk or drive from West Berlin into East Berlin.

As it was the only crossing point there were sometimes queues of people waiting to cross. But military traffic was never stopped, because Berlin was supposed to be under the control of all four wartime allies.

## The Checkpoint today

After the end of the Cold War, and the reunification of Germany the checkpoints were no longer needed. The big concrete buildings of Checkpoint Bravo are now used by the German Customs Service . Checkpoint Charlie was only a wooden hut in the street. It was moved to what is now the Allied Museum at 110 Clayallee, and a small replica put up in Kochstraße. The fake checkpoint is very popular with tourists who have their photographs taken in front of it.

## Related pages

- Die Frau vom Checkpoint Charlie