juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Omoseye Bolaji

**Omoseye Bolaji** (born August 16 1968, died 22 May 2022) is a Nigerian-born writer. He went on to become a successful author of many books in South Africa. He is a novelist, poet, playwright, and journalist. He was conferred with the Chancellor's Medal by the University of the Free State in 2007. His published works include _Impossible Love_ (2000), _People of the Townships_ (2003), _My Life and Literature_ (2007), _Miscellaneous Writings_ (2011) and _It Couldn’t Matter Less_ (2013)

In 2022, Omoseye Bolaji published two new books in early February:

- BOOKS BARDS AND BARBS (2022)
- IYA ALAJE (2022)

## Other websites

- The Bard Of Bloemfontein
Lantau Island

**Lantau Island** is the largest island in Hong Kong.

## Famous Places

- Hong Kong Disneyland
- Ngong Ping 360
- Tai O
Christian terrorism

**Christian terrorism** is a form of terrorism where the terrorists claim their motivations lie in their Christian religion.  Very often, such groups use the Old Testament or the New Testament scriptures to legitimize their actions. Sometimes, the religious violence arises from different Christian groups fighting for dominance.
Orange Is the New Black

***Orange Is the New Black*** is an American comedy-drama series on Netflix. Jenji Kohan created it. She is known for creating Weeds. It is based on the memoir of the same name by Piper Kerman. So far there have been three seasons with 13 episodes each. The first episode of season two aired on June 6, 2014. The third season premiered on June 11, 2015.

In April 2015, the series was renewed for a fourth season, to be released on June 17, 2016. In February 2016, the series was renewed through seven seasons.

_Orange Is the New Black_ is the first series to get Emmy Award nominations in both comedy and drama categories. The series has also received six Golden Globe Award nominations, six Writers Guild of America Award nominations, two Producers Guild of America Awards, an American Film Institute award, and a Peabody Award.

## Plot and cast

The show is about Piper Chapman (Taylor Schilling), a middle class woman who has been sent to prison for carrying drug money for her ex-girlfriend Alex Vause (Laura Prepon), who is also put in the prison. She is engaged to a man called Larry (Jason Biggs), and describes herself as an 'ex-lesbian'. However, being in prison causes her to rethink her sexual orientation and her identity in general. The show has strong LGBT themes and has been described as a 'lesbian tv show'. Lesbian characters include Carrie "Big Boo" Black (Lea DeLaria), Suzanne "Crazy Eyes" Warren (Uzo Aduba), and Nicky Nichols (Natasha Lyonne). Transgender prisoner Sophia Burset is played by Laverne Cox, a real trans woman. Most of the characters are women of color.

The third episode, "Lesbian Request Denied", was directed by Jodie Foster.

## Critical response

_Orange Is the New Black_ was well-received by critics. The Washington Post called the show 'brilliance behind bars'. Taylor Schilling was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for  Lead Actress in a Drama Series.
Charles Laughton

**Charles Laughton** (1 July 1899 – 15 December 1962) was an Anglo-American actor, screenwriter, producer, and director. He was born in Scarborough, North Riding of Yorkshire. He is known for playing Quasimodo in _The Hunchback of Notre Dame_ and Captain Bligh in _Mutiny on the Bounty_. He directed _The Night of the Hunter_. He won the 1933 Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for _The Private Life of Henry VIII_. Laughton was bisexual. He was married to actress Elsa Lanchester from 1929 until his death. The couple became American citizens in 1950. They had no children. Laughton died of kidney cancer in Hollywood, Los Angeles.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Charles Laughton
- **image**: Charles Laughton-publicity2.JPG
- **caption**: Promotional portrait of Charles Laughton for _The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934 film), The Barretts of Wimpole Street_ (1934)
- **birth place**: Scarborough, North Yorkshire, Scarborough, North Riding of Yorkshire, England
- **death place**: Hollywood, Los Angeles, Hollywood, California, U.S.
- **resting place**: Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills), Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Hollywood Hills
- **years active**: 1926–1962
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **citizenship**: United Kingdom - United States
- **education**: Scarborough College
 Stonyhurst College
- **alma mater**: Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939 movie)

***The Hunchback of Notre Dame*** is a 1939 RKO movie based on Victor Hugo's novel, directed by William Dieterle, and stars Charles Laughton and Maureen O'Sullivan.
Balk

A  **balk** is something that a pitcher does in baseball that is not allowed, or illegal. If a balk happens the umpire will point to the pitcher and yell "balk", and the runners on base get to move up one base. If there are no runners on base, a ball is issued to the batter.

Some ways a balk can happen include;

- The pitcher faking a pitch
- The pitcher throwing the ball to a base where there is no runner
- Pitching the ball before everyone is ready
- The pitcher takes too long to pitch
- If the pitcher drops the ball, even if he didn't mean to.

There are other ways it can happen, but these are the main ones.
Ealdorman

An **ealdorman** (from Old English _ealdorman_, lit. "elder man"; plural: "ealdormen") is a term used for a high-ranking royal official who was in charge of one or more shires. The title dates from the sixth century and was in use up to the time of King Canute. Their position was a combination of administrator, judge and military commander. Ealdormen were the predecessors of the later English earls.

## Office

The king appointed an ealdorman to govern one or more shires or territories. The ealdorman was also responsible for leading his local fyrd (part-time army) in battle. But these armies owed their first allegiance to their ealdorman. Very often the support of one or more ealdormen could help a royal candidate to become king. In many cases ealdormen succeeded underkings yet kept the same rights. Several had been underkings and were members of the royal family. In early Anglo-Saxon documents ealdormen are also termed _dux, _princeps_, or _comitis in documents of the time.

## History

The term first appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under the year 568.  But it was probably used long before then.  As early as the seventh century ealdormen were seen as judges. But the development of the shire may have come later. As ealdormanries began to become hereditary (passed down from father to son) the families who held them became more and more powerful. Several rose in power second only to the king. They were described in documents by the term _patricius_. In the eighth century these occurred in Northumbria, Mercia and Kent. The term _patricius_ was roughly the same as the office of mayor of the palace in the Merovingian dynasty of Frankish kings. This could be dangerous for a king to have someone so powerful exercising power in his name. In the eighth and ninth centuries the most dangerous ealdormen were those who claimed royal descent. They could and in some cases did rise up against a king and took the throne themselves. In the very basic royal administrations of the time a king needed to depend on his ealdormen. A king could create ealdormen from his own family. But he could only fill only a portion of the ealdormanries in that way. As the families of ealdormen banded together in ties of mutual support it became more difficult to remove an ealdorman.

## Earl

The term ealdorman was replaced by the term earl during the eleventh century.  In the laws of King Canute both ealdormen and earls are mentioned. But there was no distinction made between them. After the Norman conquest of England in 1066, the title Earl was no longer interchangeable with _dux_ or _princeps_. They were written at times as _comes_ (count). King William replaced most Anglo-Saxon earls with his own appointees. He then limited the power of most earls giving them control of counties, castles or other territories. A few were given more power. These were titled Earl palatine.
Centwine of Wessex

**Centwine** (died 685) was King of Wessex from  to 685. He appears to have been one of several underkings of Wessex after the death of Cenwalh. But at some point he united the kingdom of Wessex under his rule.

## King of Wessex

Centwine was the probable son of Cynegils and grandson of Ceolwulf, King of Wessex. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Centwine became king . Also that he succeeded Aescwine. Bede wrote that after the death of King Cenwalh: "his under-rulers took upon them the kingdom of the people, and dividing it among themselves, held it ten years". Bede's view of Aescwine and Centwine as underkings may represent the views of King Ine. His family ruled Wessex in Bede's time. If the kingdom did fragment following Cenwalh's death, it was reunited during Centwine's reign. An entry under 682 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Centwine drove the Britons to the sea". Aldhelm wrote Centwine won three major victories but does not say who he defeated. Centwine is reported to have abdicated and became a monk. The date of his death is unknown.

## Family

Centwine married Eangyth, niece of Eorcenbert of Kent. Her sister, Eormenburh was married to King Egfrith of Northumbria. Together they had:

- Bugga, Abbess of Eanburh.
- Oshere (died before 720)

## Other websites

- Britannia: Kings of Wessex

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Centwine
- **title**: King of Wessex
- **reign**: 676–686
- **predecessor**: Aescwine of Wessex, Aescwine
- **successor**: Caedwalla of Wessex, Caedwalla
- **father**: Cynegils, King of Wessex
- **death date**: 686
Toilers of the Sea

***Toilers of the Sea*** is a novel by Victor Hugo. It was published in 1866. It is about the resurrection of a sunken ship. It has been made into movies several times.
Taronga Zoo

**Taronga Zoo**  is a zoo in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is on the shores of Sydney Harbour in the suburb of Mosman. It was officially opened on 7 October 1916. The zoo covers about . It holds over 2,600 animals of 340 species. There is a larger, sister zoo in Dubbo, the Taronga Western Plains Zoo.

The zoo is divided into eight geographic regions of the world. The largest section is for Australian wildlife. It also has several aviaries, and an aquarium section for seals and penguins.

The Taronga Zoo also helps endangered animals.  In 2009, scientists brought some yellow-spotted tree frogs to the Taronga Zoo to breed.  Then the last wild yellow-spotted tree frogs died.  In 2018, the scientists took some of the frogs from the Taronga Zoo and put them in the wild.

Taronga is an Aboriginal word which means "beautiful view".

## Other websites

- Daily Telegraph feature-section on Taronga Zoo

## Infobox (zoo)

- **zoo name**: Taronga Zoo
- **image**: Sydney taronga zoo.jpg
- **image width**: 250px
- **image caption**: Giraffes in Taronga Zoo. The Sydney skyline is in the background.
- **date opened**: 7 October 1916
- **location**: Bradleys Head Road, Mosman, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- **num animals**: 2,600
- **num species**: 340
- **employees**: 976
- **members**: Zoo and Aquarium Association
Mario vs. Donkey Kong (video game)

***Mario vs. Donkey Kong*** is a 2004 puzzle-platform video game for the Game Boy Advance. It was developed by Nintendo Software Technology and published by Nintendo. It was released in North America on May 24, 2004, in Japan on June 1, 2004, and in Europe on November 19, 2004. It is a spiritual successor to _Donkey Kong_, which was released for the Game Boy in 1994.

In the game, the player plays as Mario, who is chasing Donkey Kong through a toy factory after Donkey Kong stole many Mini-Mario toys. It plays similarly to the Game Boy _Donkey Kong_ game. There are five types of levels. In the first type, Mario has to pick up a key and take it to a locked door, then find and pick up the Mini-Mario toy at the end of the level. In the second type, Mario has to guide six Mini-Mario toys to the Toy Box. While doing so, he has to protect them from dangers in the level. In the third type, Mario has to fight Donkey Kong in order to go to the next world. In the fourth type, the Plus level, Mario has to turn on one Mini-Mario with a key and take it to the door. The fifth type of level, the Expert level, plays like the first type of level, but is harder.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Mario. vs. Donkey Kong
- **developer**: Nintendo Software Technology
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **director**: Yukimi Shimura
- **producer**: Shigeki Yamashiro
Shigeru Miyamoto
- **designer**: Wing S. Cho
- **composer**: Lawrence Schwedler
- **series**: _Mario vs. Donkey Kong (series), Mario vs. Donkey Kong_
- **platforms**: Game Boy Advance, Virtual Console (Nintendo 3DS/Wii U)
- **released**: **Game Boy Advance****Virtual Console**
3DS Ambassador ProgramWii U
- **genre**: Platform game, Platforming, Puzzle video game, puzzle
- **modes**: Single-player
Madame Bovary

***Madame Bovary*** is a novel by Gustave Flaubert. It was published in 1857. It is the story of an unhappy middle class French housewife. She longs for the kind of romance and glamor that life in the country does not provide. After a few unfulfilling adulteries, she kills herself.

The story was first published in parts (serialization) in a magazine. It was thought obscene. Flaubert and his publisher were charged with immorality, but were acquitted.

The story was a great success when published in book form in 1857. It is thought one of the greatest novels ever written. It has been adapted to different media. An American movie starring Jennifer Jones is perhaps the best known adaptation to Americans.
Wii Party U

***Wii Party U*** is a party video game for the Wii U game console. It is the sequel to _Wii Party_. It was released in North America and Europe on October 25, 2013, in Australia on October 26, 2013, and in Japan on October 31, 2013.

## Gameplay

_Wii Party U_ is a party video game which takes elements from the _Mario Party_ series. It has over 80 minigames. Players are able to play minigames with the Wii U GamePad.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Wii Party U
- **developer**: Nd Cube
Nintendo SPD, Nintendo SPD Group No.4
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **series**: Wii (video game series), _Wii_ series
- **engine**: _Wii Party_ engine
- **released**:

- **genre**: Party Game
- **modes**: Single Player, Multplayer
- **platforms**: Wii U
Water Margin

***Water Margin*** ( ***Shui Hu Zhuan***) is a novel that is said to have been written by Shi Nai'an. It is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. The story is set during the Song Dynasty. It is about a group of outlaws who gather to form an army, and are later sent to fight foreign invaders and suppress rebel forces by the government.

The book was written during the 14th century.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Water Margin
- **title orig**: 水滸傳
- **image**: Shuihu.png
- **caption**: An illustration of the novel
- **author**: Shi Nai'an
- **country**: China
- **language**: Chinese
- **genre**: Historical fiction, wuxia
The Turn of the Screw

***The Turn of the Screw*** is a horror novel by Henry James. It was published in 1898. The story is about two children in a lonely country house. Their governess believes they are possessed by the ghosts of two dead servants. The novel was made into an opera by Benjamin Britten, and into a movie called _The Innocents_ starring Deborah Kerr.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Turn of the Screw
- **image**: Henry James.jpg
- **image caption**: Henry James
- **author**: Henry James
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Horror novel
- **publisher**: Macmillan
- **pub date**: 1898
- **media type**: Print
Daisy Miller

***Daisy Miller*** is a novella by Henry James. It was published in 1879. It is about a rich and flirtatious young American woman who offends the sensibilities of the Europeans she is moving among. She is an outsider and dies after catching a fever on a visit to the Colosseum. It was a huge success and is still one of James's most popular works. The story was made into a movie starring Cybil Shepherd.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Daisy Miller
- **image**: Portrait of Henry James 1913.jpg
- **image caption**: Henry James by John Singer Sargent, 1913
- **author**: Henry James
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Novella
- **publisher**: Harper & Brothers
- **pub date**: 1879
- **media type**: Print
Colcannon

**Colcannon** is an Irish dish made of cabbage or kale and mashed potatoes. Milk, butter, salt and pepper are usually added. It is usually eaten around Halloween.
To Kill a Mockingbird (movie)

***To Kill a Mockingbird*** is a 1962 American drama movie. It was directed by Robert Mulligan. It stars Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch and Mary Badham as Scout. The movie is based on the book _To Kill a Mockingbird_ by Harper Lee. The movie has been listed in the National Film Registry. It won three Academy Awards: Best Actor (Gregory Peck), Best Art Direction, and Best Adapted Screenplay.

## Plot

Atticus Finch, a white lawyer working in the South, defends Tom, a black man accused of raping a white woman. Tom is found guilty of rape. Finch's daughter, Scout, narrates the story from her perspective as an adult.
Lord Jim

***Lord Jim*** is a novel by Joseph Conrad. It was first published in parts (serialization) in a magazine in 1899-1900. It is about the sinking of a ship and its abandonment by the crew. One of the crew, "Lord Jim", must come to terms with his cowardice. The book was made into two movies, one starring Peter O'Toole.
Just So Stories

***Just So Stories for Little Children*** is a book of stories by Rudyard Kipling. It was published in 1902 by Macmillan & Co. The stories are "origin stories". They explain how things in the natural world came about, such as the elephant's trunk and the camel's hump. Kipling drew the pictures for the original edition.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Just So Stories
- **title orig**: Just So Stories for Little Children
- **image**: Illustration at Cover of Just So Stories (c1912).jpg
- **image caption**: Front cover from a 1912 edition
- **author**: Rudyard Kipling
- **illustrator**: Rudyard Kipling (original edition)
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Origin tales
- **publisher**: Macmillan & Co.
- **pub date**: 1902
- **media type**: Print
Grenade (disambiguation)

A **grenade** is a small explosive device which is thrown at a target.

**Grenade** may also mean:

- Grenadier, a soldier who throws grenades
- Grenade, Haute-Garonne _département_, France
- "Grenade" (song), a song by Bruno Mars
- Physically unattractive appearance, see physical attractiveness

## Related pages

- Granada
- Grenada
- Pomegranate
Blind experiment

A **blind** or **blinded experiment** is a test or experiment in
where the experimenter does not know which treatment is given to a subject. The idea is to avoid bias which the experimenter might otherwise introduce. If both tester and subject are blinded, the trial is a **double-blind trial**.

Suppose consumers are asked to compare the tastes of different brands of a product.  Obviously, the identities of the product should be hidden – otherwise consumers tend to prefer the brand they are familiar with. Similarly, when testing a pharmaceutical drug, both patients and experimenter should not know the dosage being given in each case.

The opposite of a blind trial is an open trial. The terms **blind** (adjective) or **to blind** (transitive verb) when used in this sense are figurative extensions of the literal idea of blindfolding someone.

## Examples

Blind experiments went on to be used outside of purely scientific settings.  In 1817, a committee of scientists and musicians compared a Stradivarius violin to one with a guitar-like design made by the naval engineer François Chanot.  A well-known violinist played each instrument while the committee listened in the next room to avoid prejudice.

One of the first essays advocating a blinded approach to experiments in general came from Claude Bernard in the latter half of the 19th century, who recommended splitting any scientific experiment between the theorist who conceives the experiment and a naive (and preferably uneducated) observer who registers the results without foreknowledge of the theory or hypothesis being tested. This suggestion contrasted starkly with the prevalent Enlightenment-era attitude that scientific observation can only be objectively valid when undertaken by a well-educated, informed scientist.

Double-blind methods came into especial prominence in the mid-20th century.

## Double-blind trials

**Double-blind** describes an especially reliable way of conducting an experiment. It tries to eliminate subjective, unrecognized biases carried by an experiment's subjects _<u/l>and</u/l>_ conductors.

In a double-blind experiment, neither the participants nor the researchers know which participants belong to the control group, and which to the test group.   Random assignment of test subjects to the experimental and control groups is the key to any double-blind research design. The information about who the subjects were, and which group they belonged to, is kept by a third party until the study is over.

Double-blind methods can be applied to any experimental situation in which there is a possibility that the results will be affected by conscious/unconscious bias on the part of researchers, participants, or both.
Seasons

***Seasons*** is the fourth studio album by Sevendust. The album was released on October 7, 2003.
Crossgates Commons

**Crossgates Commons** is a plaza in Albany, New York near Crossgates Mall. It has a lot of stores.

## Stores

- Upper level
    - Walmart
    - Tiger Direct
    - Marshalls
    - Bed Bath and Beyond
    - Home Depot
    - JCPenney
    - JCPenney Outlet
    - Old Navy
    - Golf Galaxy

- Lower level
    - Sam's Club
    - Land Air Express
    - Target
    - Sears
    - Sears Outlet
    - Michaels
    - Olie's Bargain Outlet
St Paul's Suite

***St Paul's Suite*** is a piece of music by Gustav Holst. It was written in 1912. It was published in 1922 after some revisions. It is written for string orchestra with the addition of some wind instruments. It was written for St Paul's Girls' School where Holst was Director of Music for many years. The suite has four movements: Jig, Ostinato, Intermezzo, and Finale.
First Suite in E-flat for Military Band

***First Suite in E-flat for Military Band*** is a piece of music by Gustav Holst. It was written in 1909 and had its first performance in 1920. There are three movements: "Chaconne", "Intermezzo", and "March". The suite is thought a cornerstone of music for military band.
Songs of a Wayfarer

***Songs of a Wayfarer*** is a set of four songs for low voice and orchestra by Gustav Mahler. Mahler started writing the music in 1884. The music was first performed on March 16, 1896. There are four songs: "When My Sweetheart is Married", "I Went This Morning over the Field", "I Have a Gleaming Knife", and "The Two Blue Eyes of my Beloved".
The Marble Faun

***The Marble Faun*** is a novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne. It was published in 1860. The story is set in Italy.
Saint Francis of Assisi (opera)

***Saint François d'Assise*** is an opera in three acts and eight scenes. The music and libretto were written by Olivier Messiaen. The opera was written from 1975 to 1983. The first performance was given by the Paris Opéra at the Palais Garnier on November 28, 1983.
Kaira

**Kaira** (; Altai: _Кайра_, ) is the king of the gods and ruler of the universe in Turkic and Altai mythologies. He is the god of creation and the creator of everything.

Kaira sits on the 17th floor of sky and determines the fate of the universe. He created the other gods. He existed before the creation of the universe. He planted a tree with nine boughes. This tree connects the sky and earth and nine human races are descended from the tree. His sons are _Ulgan_, _Kyzaghan_ and _Mergen_.

In ancient Turkic beliefs, Kaira is a white goose that flies over an endless water. Ak Ana (white mother) appears and tells him to create. Kaira is the biggest and the strongest of all the gods. So he creates the earth.

The word (Kaira) means gracious or benevolent.

## Related pages

- Ulgan - Son of Ulgan. God of Benevolence

## Other websites

- Türk Mitolojisi (Türk mitleri ve destanları) Kayra Han
Ledbury

**Ledbury** is a small town in Herefordshire. The well known poet John Masefield comes from here.
Ulgan

**Ulgan** (, Khakass: _Ӱлген_, , , ) is a creator god in Turkic mythology. He is ruler of the sky.

He lives in a golden palace on Altyn Dagh (**', "Golden Mountain"). He has a golden throne and a lightning arc. His father is Kaira Khan. Ulgan lives on 16th floor of the sky, and manages the stars and other objects in the sky. It was believed that at the beginning of the universe there was only Ulgan and Erlik.

Ulgan has seven sons and seven daughters.

## Children of Ulgan

Ulgan has seven sons, named Akoghlanlar (White Boys). They are "_Karakush Khan, Karshyt Khan, Pura Khan, Burcha Kan, Yashyl Khan, Er-Kanym Khan, Bakty Khan_". And he has nine daughters, that named **Akkyzlar**. No one knows the names of the daughters.

### Akoghlanlar

They are the sons of Ulgan.

1. **Karshyt Khan**: The god of purity.
1. **Pura Khan**: The god of horses.
1. **Burcha Khan**: The god of prosperity.
1. **Yashyl Khan**: The god of nature.
1. **Karakush KHan**: The god of birds.
1. **Kanym Khan**: The god of confidence.
1. **Bakhty Khan_': The god of blessing.

## Related pages

- Kaira - Father of Ulgan. Sky God.

## Other websites

- Çoban, Ramazan Volkan, _Türk Mitolojisinde İyilik Tanrısı Ülgen''
Dalmatian city-states

The **Dalmatian city-states** were 8 cities in Dalmatia where the native Dalmatian Italians survived the Slav invasions, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. These cities were: Zara, Spalato, Ragusa, Cattaro, Trau, Ossero (also called Cherso or Crespa), Veglia and Arbe.

## History

At the beginning of the seventh century, the Avars with some Slav tribes devastated and conquered the Roman province of Dalmatia. The local Latin population survived only in the coast and islands of Dalmatia. There they created 8 little cities that maintained political links with the Byzantine Empire, that defended these cities allowing their commerce.

The original names of the cities were Jadera, Spalatum, Crespa, Arba, Tragurium, Vecla, Ragusium and Cattarum. The language and the laws were initially Latin, but after a few centuries they developed their own neolatin language (the "Dalmatico"), that lasted until the nineteenth century.

The cities were maritime centers with a huge commerce mainly with the Italian peninsula and with the growing Republic of Venice. From it they received their Italian culture and arts. After the year 1000 AD, the Venetian Doge Orseolo II started to control all coastal Dalmatia. It was only in 1420 AD that Venice was able to obtain the full domination of these City-states.

In this way seven of these cities became part of the Venetian republic: Zara was the most Venetian (or Italian) of them, remaining Italian until WWII.

Ragusium (or Ragusa) was dominated by Venice only for a few decades in the 11th century and later created the famous "Repubblica di Ragusa". This was an autonomous state under the protection of the Ottoman empire, and lasted until the conquest by Napoleon in 1804 AD when was united to the Napoleonic kingdom of Italy.

## Bibliography

- Jackson, Thomas. _Dalmatia, the Quarnero and Istria with Cettigne in Montenegro and the Island of Grado_.Clarendon Press. Oxford, 1887 .

## Related pages

- Dalmatian Italians
- Italian cultural and historic presence in Dalmatia
- Republic of Venice
- Venice and Dalmatia
Battle of Palmito Ranch

The **Battle of Palmito Ranch** in Texas was the last battle of the American Civil War. It was fought on May 12 and 13, 1865.
Battle of Nashville

The **Battle of Nashville** was a battle of the American Civil War. It was fought on December 15 and 16, 1864.
Interstate 787

**Interstate 787** (**I-787**) is an Interstate Highway in the U.S. state of New York. It goes through downtown Albany. The southern end is at the toll plaza for New York State Thruway (I-87) exit 23. The location of the northern end is unclear. Some sources say it is at 8th Street in Troy. Other sources say it is at its interchange with NY 7 and NY 787 in the town of Colonie.

The route is  long if extended to Troy, or  without the NY 7 overlap.

North of NY 7, the highway continues as NY 787 to the city of Cohoes.

## Infobox (road)

- **state**: NY
- **type**: I
- **route**: 787
- **map custom**: yes
- **map notes**: Map of New York with I-787 highlighted in red
- **length mi**: 9.55
- **length round**: 2
- **length notes**: Length to NY 7 in Green Island, New York, Green Island.
- **established**: mid-1960s
- **direction a**: South
- **terminus a**: in Albany, New York, Albany
- **junction**: in Albany
 in Albany
- **direction b**: North
- **terminus b**: in Green Island, New York, Green Island
- **previous type**: I
- **previous route**: 781
- **next type**: NY
- **next route**: 787
Interstate 890

**Interstate 890** (**I-890**) is a highway in New York, in the United States. It is  long. It runs southeast to northwest, mostly within Scthenady County. Most of I-890 is six lanes wide.

## Infobox (road)

- **state**: NY
- **type**: I
- **route**: 890
- **map notes**: Map of New York with I-890 highlighted in red
- **length mi**: 9.45
- **length round**: 2
- **direction a**: West
- **terminus a**: in Rotterdam (town), New York, Rotterdam
- **direction b**: East
- **terminus b**: in Guilderland, New York, Guilderland
- **previous type**: NY
- **previous route**: 878
- **next type**: NY
- **next route**: 890
Parade Square

**Parade Square** () is a big city square in central Warsaw, Poland. It was established in 1955 by the Soviet Union together with the building of the Palace of Culture and Science. The square is one of the biggest in Europe and the world. It was used in the Communist period by the government of People's Republic of Poland for military parades. After the fall of communism in Poland in 1989 the square was abandoned and made into a marketplace.

## Other websites

- Warsaw Takes Steps on Parade Square Development in The Wall Street Journal.
Esau

**Esau** is the eldest son of Isaac and Rebekah in the Book of Genesis. Jacob is his twin brother. (Chapter 25). He is a 'cunning hunter, a man of the field' (25:27) Esau gives his birthright as eldest to Jacob for a meal of lentil stew. He is then tricked out of his father's blessing by Rebekah and Jacob, with Jacob instead receiving the blessing.

He has several wives, Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Bashemath daughter of Elon. He later marries Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael, his cousin, to please his parents.

## Other websites

- Entry for Jacob and Esau at Chabad
Arrondissements of the Haute-Garonne department

There are 3 **arrondissements in the Haute-Garonne department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into _arrondissements_, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**).  The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into cantons and communes.

The arrondissements of Haute-Garonne are:

|INSEE code !! Arrondissement !! Capital !! Population <small>(2014)</small> !! width=60px |Area <small>(km²)</small> !! Density <small>(Inh./km²)</small> !! _Communes_|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|311|Muret|Muret|215,606|1,639.0||126|
|312|Saint-Gaudens|Saint-Gaudens|77,545|2,139.6||237|
|313|Toulouse|Toulouse|1,024,517|2,530.7||226|

## History

Since its creation, the Haute-Garonne department has had some changes:
- 1790 : creation of the department with eight districts: Toulouse, Rieux, Villefranche-de-Lauragais, Castelsarrasin, Muret, Saint-Gaudens, Revel, Grenadel
- 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Toulouse, Castelsarrasin, Muret, Saint-Gaudens, Villefranche
- 1803 : the arrondissement of Muret is eliminated
- 1806 : restoration of the arrondissement of Muret
- 1808 : the arrondissement of Castelsarrasin is eliminated and became part of the new department of Tarn-et-Garonne
- 1926 : the arrondissements of Muret and Villefranche are eliminated
- 1942 : restoration of the arrondissement of Muret
Anthony of Padua

**Anthony of Padua**, O.F.M. (born **Fernando Martins de Bulhões**; 15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231), was a Portuguese Catholic priest. He was a friar of the Franciscan Order. He was born and raised in a rich family in Lisbon. Anthony was canonised as a saint on 30 May 1232, less than a year after his death. He is considered a patron saint of lost or stolen items.

He goes that he had a book of sacred songs in which he'd written his own personal notes. A young novice from his complex of buildings decided to leave the order. As he was leaving, he stole Anthony's book. Anthony prayed for it to be returned. Sometime later the missing novice returned to the order and asked to be taken back in, and returned Anthony's book. This was deemed a miracle.

Anthony died in Padua, Italy. After his death, because of that incident, people prayed to Anthony when they had lost something or had it stolen. Some of them got their things back. Those were also deemed "miracles." They are what got him sainthood.

## Infobox (saint)

- **name**: Saint Anthony of Padua
- **birth date**: 90 August 1195
- **feast day**: 13 June
- **venerated in**: Roman Catholic Church
- **image**: Anthony_pereda.jpg
- **caption**: _Anthony of Padua with the Infant Jesus_ by Antonio de Pereda
- **birth place**: Lisbon, Portugal
- **death place**: Padua, Italy
- **titles**: _Doctor Arca testamenti_
_Evangelical Doctor_
Hammer of Heretics
Professor of Miracles
- **canonized date**: 30 May 1232
- **canonized place**: Spoleto, Italy
- **canonized by**: Pope Gregory IX
- **attributes**: Book; bread; Child Jesus, Infant Jesus; lily; fish; flaming heart
- **patronage**: Native Americans; amputees; animals; barrenness; Brazil; Elderly, Elderly people; Blessed Sacrament, faith in the Blessed Sacrament; Fishermen; Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land; Harvests; Horses; lost articles; lower animals; Mail; Sailor, mariners; oppressed people; Poverty, poor people; Portugal; Pregnancy, pregnant women; seekers of lost articles; shipwrecks; starvation; sterility (physiology), sterility; Swineherds; Tigua Indians; travel hostesses; travellers; Watermen
- **major shrine**: Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua, Italy
Goodnight Moon

***Goodnight Moon*** is an American picture book. It was published by Harper & Brothers in 1947. It was written by Margaret Wise Brown. The pictures were drawn by Clement Hurd. The book is about a bunny who says "goodnight" to all the things he can see about his bedroom.
Counselor

A **counselor** is a trained professional who helps others by listening to them and giving them advice. They may be a psychologist or a social worker. Counselors help people with things like career development, anger management, health and lifestyle. Schools often have counselors to help students there.

## Related pages

- Therapy
Harold and the Purple Crayon

***Harold and the Purple Crayon*** is a picture book by Crockett Johnson. It was published by Harper & Brothers in 1955. The book is about a boy named Harold. He creates his own world by drawing it with his purple crayon.

In the television series adaptation, it was originally aired on HBO from December 1, 2001 to March 23, 2002.
Flag of Vietnam

**The flag of Vietnam**, officially "red flag with a gold star" (cờ đỏ sao vàng), was designed in 1940. The background color is red and there is a yellow star. Red means revolution and victory while the yellow star means leadership of Communist Party of Vietnam. The star also means different grades of Vietnam.
Joe Maddon

**Joe Maddon** (born 1954) is the manager of the Los Angeles Angels in Major League Baseball. From 2015 until 2019 Maddon was the manager of the Chicago Cubs. He led the Cubs to a World Series victory in 2016. He previously managed the Tampa Bay Rays.

## Other websites

- Joe Maddon entry at Baseball reference
Hurricane Ingrid

**Hurricane Ingrid** was a strong Category 1 hurricane which struck eastern Mexico at the same time another storm struck the western parts. The storm claimed the lives of 32 people in Mexico. The winds of Ingrid reached  at its peak. The storm, however, weakened before heading into Mexico as a severe tropical storm in September 2013. The name _Ingrid_ was later retired. It was replaced with _Imelda_ for 2019.
Antonio Ghislanzoni

**Antonio Ghislanzoni** (25 November 1824 – 16 July 1893) was an Italian writer. He wrote the libretti for Verdi's operas _La forza del destino_ (1869) and _Aida_ (1871). He was born in Lombardy and died in Bergamo.
Baidu Baike

**Baidu Baike**  (Chinese: **百度百科**) is an online encyclopedia owned by **Baidu**, a Chinese search engine. It started providing service in 2006. By August 2013 Baidu Baike had about five million articles. This compares with about 700,000 articles in the Chinese Wikipedia. Early in 2018 these numbers were about fifteen million and one million. In 2023, these number of articles rose to 25.5 million articles.

Baidu Baike censors its content to the requirements of the Chinese government.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Baidu Baike

- **commercial**: Yes
- **location city**: Beijing
- **location country**: China
- **founded**: 2006
- **users**: +6.9 million <small>(2019)</small>
- **type**: Online encyclopedia
- **language**: Standard Chinese
- **registration**: Optional (required to edit pages)
- **owner**: Baidu
- **author**: Robin Li
- **current status**: Active
Culture of Nepal

Nepal has a unique culture. Its cultural heritage has developed over several thousands of years. It covers Nepal's many ethnic, tribal and social classes.

There are at least 92 living languages spoken in Nepal, though some studies list 123. Nepal's languages come from three major language groups: Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman and indigenous. The official national language of Nepal is Nepali, written in Devanagari script. It is the first language of about half the country's population, and is used by people of most ethnic groups to communicate with each other.

Both Hinduism and Buddhism in Nepal date back more than 2000 years. The 2001 census recorded that 80.6% of the population was Hindu. Buddhism was practiced by about 11% of the population, although many people often practice their own mix of Hindu, Buddhist, and/or animist traditions. About 3.2% practice Islam. Another 3.6% of the population follows the native Kirant religion. Christianity is practiced officially by less than 0.5%.

Nepalese people have several festivals that they celebrate each year. The longest and the most important of these is Dashain. It is celebrated for 15 days, and is dedicated to the Hindu goddess Durga. Most festivals include dancing and music, as well as all kinds of local food.

Some Nepalese dances include:
- Charya: popular among the Buddhist community
- Kartik: started by King Siddhi Nasingh Malla in Kathmandu valley
- Ghatu: popular among the Gurung and Magar communities at Gandaki Zone

## Related pages

- Nepal at the Olympics
- Nepal national football team

## Other websites

- Nepal Encyclopedia culture category
Surface water

**Surface water** is water on the surface of the planet, above the ground. It is the water in rivers, lakes, wetlands and oceans. It is different to groundwater, which is in the soil, and atmospheric water, which is in the sky.

Fresh surface water is added to by precipitation and by taking ground-water from the ground. It is lost through evaporation, where it becomes atmospheric water, or through seepage into the ground, where it becomes ground water. It is also lost through use by plants for transpiration, animals for drinking, or by humans for agriculture, washing and other purposes. Fresh water is also discharged to the ocean, where it becomes salt water.

## Related pages

- Water cycle
Nature photography

**Nature photography** is photography of natural things such as landscapes, wildlife, and plants. It can include close-ups of natural scenes and textures. Nature photography tends to put a stronger emphasis on making the photo look good than other forms of photography like photojournalism and documentary photography. Nature photographs are published in scientific, travel and cultural magazines.
Tetanurae

**Tetanurae** (/ˌtɛtəˈnjuːriː/ or "stiff tails") are a clade which includes most theropod dinosaurs, including birds. Tetanurans first appear in the Jurassic.  It is a large group of theropod dinosaurs.  Jacques Gauthier used the term when he first applied cladistics to vertebrate paleontology.

The term refers to the stiff tail which was held above the ground as a counterweight when the animal walked or ran.

Tetanurae are defined as all theropods more closely related to modern birds than to _Ceratosaurus_. Gauthier considered it to consist of Carnosauria and Coelurosauria. Modern birds are the only living representatives of the clade Tetanurae.

## Orionides

Oriondes is a clade in tetanure. It contains the extinct Megalosauroidea and the alive Avetheropoda
Fight Club (novel)

***Fight Club*** is a novel by Chuck Palahniuk. It was published in 1996 by W. W. Norton & Company. It was well received. The story is about an insomniac and a man named Tyler Durden. They start a fight club as a form of mental therapy. The book was made into a movie of the same name starring Brad Pitt and Edward Norton.
St Augustine's Abbey

**St Augustine's Abbey** is a Benedictine abbey in Canterbury, Kent, England. It is named after Saint Augustine of Canterbury. It was founded during the early introduction of Christianity to the Anglo-Saxons.

The original church was built at the end of the 6th century. It was ordered by King Æthelberht of Kent. Building started in 598.

The ruins of St Augustine's Abbey, together with Canterbury Cathedral and St Martin's Church, were named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. As a group, they are buildings which show the development of Christianity in Britain.

## Other websites

- at English Heritage
- St Augustine's Abbey at SacredDestinations.com

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **whs**: St. Augustine's Abbey
- **image**: Augustine Abbey.jpg
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **caption**: Abbot Fyndon's Great Gate, with Lady Wootton's Green in the foreground, is a private entrance into the King’s School. The public entrance to the abbey ruins is on Longport.
- **location**: Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
- **part of**: Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine's Abbey, and St Martin's Church, Canterbury, St Martin's Church
- **id**: 496-002
- **year**: 1988
- **locmapin**: United Kingdom Kent#United Kingdom
G-Unit Records

**G-Unit Records** is a record label started by the musician 50 Cent. It specializes in hip hop and rap music. It was started in 2005 and is part of the Universal Music Group. The company is based in New York City.

It has so far signed artists such as G-Unit, Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo.

## Other websites

- Official website
Yung Berg

**Christian Ward** (born September 9, 1986), better known by his stage name **Hitmaka** (used to be **Yung Berg**) is a rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer from Chicago. He's best known for the song "Sexy Lady" with Junior. He was featured in the song "Sexy Can I" by Ray J.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Hitmaka, Light Bright
- **image**: Yung berg.jpg
- **caption**: Yung Berg in Chicago, 2008.
- **birth name**: Christian Ward
- **alias**: Iceberg, Yung Berg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **years active**: 2001–present
Through the Looking-Glass

***Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There*** is a children's novel by Lewis Carroll. John Tenniel drew the pictures. The book was published by Macmillan in 1871. It is a sequel to _Alice's Adventures in Wonderland_.

The book is a series of dream-like fantasy episodes. The theme which ties them together is Alice's journey as a pawn from the start of a fantasy game of chess until she reaches the eighth rank and becomes a queen.

The story is about the strange world Alice discovers when she passes through a looking-glass (mirror) above a fireplace at home. The setting is a game of chess. Well known characters from the book include Tweedledum and Tweedledee, the Walrus and the Carpenter, the White Knight, and the Garden of Live Flowers.

Alice meets the White Queen, who is very absent-minded but boasts of her ability to remember future events. Alice and the White Queen advance into the chessboard's fifth rank by crossing over a stream together. At the moment of the crossing, the Queen transforms into a talking Sheep in a small shop. Alice soon finds herself struggling to handle the oars of a small rowboat, where the Sheep annoys her with (seemingly) nonsensical shouting about "crabs" and "feathers". Unknown to Alice, these are standard terms in the jargon of rowing. Thus (for a change) the Queen/Sheep was speaking in a perfectly logical and meaningful way.

The book has several famous nonsense poems, such as _Jabberwocky_ and _The Walrus and the Carpenter_. and many examples of word play such as puns and made-up words, in addition to portmanteau words.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Through the Looking-Glass
- **image**: Alice fawn.jpg
- **caption**: Alice and the fawn
- **author**: Lewis Carroll
- **illustrator**: John Tenniel
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Children's fiction
- **publisher**: Macmillan
- **release date**: 1871
- **media type**: Print (hardback)
- **pages**: 224 pp
- **preceded by**: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
John Tenniel

**Sir John Tenniel** (28 February 1820 – 25 February 1914) was a British illustrator. He is famous for drawing the pictures in _Alice's Adventures in Wonderland_ and _Through the Looking-Glass_. He was knighted by Queen Victoria in 1893. He was born and died in London.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Tenniel
- **image**: John Tenniel.png
- **alt**: A picture John Tenniel drew of himself in 1889.
- **caption**: Self-portrait, 1889
- **birth place**: London, England, United Kingdom
- **death place**: London, England, United Kingdom
- **nationality**: British
Project for Public Spaces

The **Project for Public Spaces** (also called **PPS**) is a non-profit organization dedicated to public participation in planning urban spaces in cities. The organization works in the subjects of architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, urban design, urban geography, psychology, art, and information management.

The institute was established in 1975 and is located in New York, United States. The organization works in over 2,500 communities in 40 countries around the world.

## Other websites

- Official website
Sylvie and Bruno

***Sylvie and Bruno*** is a novel by Lewis Carroll. It was published in 1889 by Macmillan. Its companion novel ***Sylvie and Bruno Concluded*** was published in 1893 by Macmillan. The first volume is set in the real world, but the second volume is set in fairyland. The books were not so well received as the _Alice_ books.

## Related pages

- _Alice in Wonderland_
- _Through the Looking-Glass_
Association of Spanish Language Academies

The **Association of Spanish Language Academies** () is the highest institution of the Spanish language. It works in all countries that speak Spanish. It was established in 1951 in Mexico. The Association of Spanish Language Academies is headquartered in Madrid, Spain. It also has 22 other member organizations located in 21 other countries.

- List of member countries