Hinduism-Zoroastrianism relations

There are direct links between **Hinduism and Zoroastrianism**. Many analysts of Hinduism claim that Hinduism embraces elements of all contemporary religions, Hence scriptures of Hinduism such as Vedas and Puranas, along with Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, have incorporated and adopted significantly elements from the Avesta of Greek religion and Zoroastrianism: Asura from Ahura, Deva from Daeva, Hindu monotheism from Ahura Mazda, Varuna, Vishnu and Garuda from Agni, the heavenly juice from the drink called Soma-Haoma, the contemporary Indian and Persian war of Devasuras from Arya, Arya from Mithra, Mitra from Mithra, Dyaushpita and Jupiter from Jupiter, Yagya to Yagya, Narasanga to Narasangasa, Indra, Gandharva to Gandharva, Vajra, Vayu, Mantra, Yama, Ahuti, Hamta to Sumati etc.

## Cognate terms

The following is a list of cognate terms that may be gleaned from comparative linguistic analysis of the Rigveda and Avesta. Both collections are from the period after the proposed date of separation (c. 2nd millennium BC) of the Proto-Indo-Iranians into their respective Indic and Iranian branches.

|Vedic Sanskrit|Avestan|Common meaning|
| --- | --- | --- |
|_āp_|_āp_|"water," _āpas_ "the Waters"|
|Apam Napat, Apām Napāt|Apām Napāt|the "water's offspring"|
|_aryaman_|_airyaman_|"Arya-hood" (lit:** "member of Arya community")|
|_Asura Mahata/Medha_ (असुर महत/मेधा)|_Ahura Mazda_|"The Supreme Lord, Lord of Wisdom"|
|_rta_|_asha/arta_|"active truth", extending to "order" and "righteousness"|
|_atharvan_|_āθrauuan, aθaurun_ _Atar_|"priest"|
|_ahi_|_azhi, (aži)_|"dragon, snake", "serpent"|
|_daiva, deva_|_daeva, (daēuua)_|a class of divinities|
|_manu_|_manu_|"man"|
|_mitra_|_mithra, miθra_|"oath, covenant"|
|_asura_|_ahura_|another class of spirits|
|_sarvatat_|_Hauruuatāt_|"intactness", "perfection"|
|_Sarasvatī_ (Ārdrāvī śūrā anāhitā, आर्द्रावी शूरा अनाहिता)|_Haraxvati/Haraxvaitī_ (Ārəduuī Sūrā Anāhitā)|a controversial (generally considered mythological) river, a river goddess|
|_sauma, soma_|_haoma_|a plant, deified|
|_svar_|_hvar, xvar_|the Sun, also cognate to Greek _helios_, Latin _sol_, Engl. Sun|
|_Tapati_|_tapaiti_|Possible fire/solar goddess; see Tabiti (a possibly Hellenised Scythian theonym). Cognate with Latin  and several other terms.|
|_Vrtra-/Vr̥tragʰná/Vritraban_|_verethra, vərəθra_ (cf. Verethragna, Vərəθraγna)|"obstacle"|
|_Yama_|_Yima_|son of the solar deity Vivasvant/Vīuuahuuant|
|_yajña_|_yasna_, object: _yazata_|"worship, sacrifice, oblation"|
|_Gandharva_|_Gandarewa_|"heavenly beings"|
|_Nasatya_|_Nanghaithya_|"twin Vedic gods associated with the dawn, medicine, and sciences"|
|_Amarattya_|_Ameretat_|"immortality"|
|_Póṣa_|_Apaosha_|"demon of drought"|
|_Ashman_|_Asman_|"sky, highest heaven"|
|_Angira_ _Manyu_|_Angra Mainyu_|"destructive/evil spirit, spirit, temper, ardour, passion, anger, teacher of divine knowledge"|
|_Manyu_|_Maniyu_|"anger, wrath"|
|_Sarva_|_Sarva_|"Rudra, Vedic god of wind, Shiva"|
|_Madhu_|_Madu_|"honey"|
|_Bhuta_|_Buiti_|"ghost"|
|_Mantra_|_Manthra_|"sacred spell"|
|_Aramati_|_Armaiti_|"piety"|
|_Amrita_|_Amesha_|"nectar of immortality"|
|_Amrita Spanda_ (अमृत स्पन्द)|_Amesha Spenta_|"holy nectar of immortality"|
|_Sumati_|_Humata_|"good thought"|
|_Sukta_|_Hukhta_|"good word"|
|_Narasamsa_|_Nairyosangha_|"praised man"|
|_Vayu_|_Vaiiu_|"wind"|
|_Vajra_|_Vazra_|"bolt"|
|_Ushas_|_Ushah_|"dawn"|
|_Ahuti_|_azuiti_|"offering"|
|_púraṁdhi_|_purendi_||
|_bhaga_|_baga_|"lord, patron, wealth, prosperity, sharer/distributor of good fortune"|
|_Usij_|_Usij_|"priest"|
|_trita_|_thrita_|"the third"|
|_Mas_|_Mah_|"moon, month"|
|_Vivasvant_|_Vivanhvant_|"lighting up, matutinal"|
|_Druh_|_Druj_|"Evil spirit"|
|_Ahi Dasaka_|_Azhi Dahaka_|"biting serpent"|