juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
WWE Capitol Punishment

**Capitol Punishment** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by WWE. The event took place June 19, 2011 at the Verizon Center in Washington, D.C.. It was the first Capitol Punishment event. Eight matches overall took place, with all of them airing live on PPV.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3;"|**#**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3;"|**Match**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3;"|**Stipulations**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Dolph Ziggler beat Kofi Kingston (c)|Singles match for the WWE United States Championship||||
|2|Alex Riley beat The Miz|Singles match||||
|3|Alberto Del Rio beat Big Show|Singles match||||
|4|Ezekiel Jackson beat Wade Barrett (c)|Singles match for  the WWE Intercontinental Championship||||
|5|CM Punk beat Rey Mysterio|Singles match||||
|6|Randy Orton (c) beat Christian|Singles match for the World Heavyweight Championship||||
|7|Evan Bourne beat Jack Swagger|Singles match||||
|8|John Cena (c) defeated R-Truth|Singles match for the WWE Championship||||
|colspan="4"||||||

## Other websites

- Official Capitol Punishment website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Capitol Punishment (2011)
- **theme**: "Capital" by Jim Johnston (composer), Jim Johnston
- **promotion**: WWE
- **date**: June 19, 2011
- **venue**: Verizon Center
- **city**: Washington, D.C.
- **lastevent**: Over the Limit (2011)
- **nextevent**: Money in the Bank (2011)
- **event**: **None**
- **lastevent2**: Extreme Rules (2011)
- **nextevent2**: TBA
Proportions

In mathematics, the word "**proportions**" means two ratios put into an equation. Some examples of proportions are:
    - =
    - =
    - = , where x = 75.
In algebra, proportions can be used to solve many common problems about changing numbers. As an example, for the increase in a $40 purchase of gasoline (petrol), if the price rose 35 cents, from $3.50 to $3.85, then the proportion would be:
    - =
The solution is simply:
    - x = $40/3.50 x 3.85   =   $44.00, or $4 more when $0.35 higher.
Many other common calculations can be solved by using proportions to show the relationships between the numbers.

In statistics, a proportion is a number which measures the extent to which a specific characteristic is in a sample or a population. It can be thought of as a percentage. To represent a sample proportion, the letters  can be used. To represent a population proportion, the letter  can be used.

## Proportionality constant

A **proportionality constant** is a number that is used to convert a measurement in one system to the equivalent measurement in another system. For instance, people who are familiar with the traditional system of units used in the United States (pounds, feet, inches, etc.) may need to find out the metric equivalent for these measures in grams and meters. To make these calculations, they would need some proportionality constants.

One way to write a formula showing how to use a proportionality constant K is:

KX = Y

For example, people may know that they have 100 eggs and want to know how many dozen eggs they have. The proportionality constant K is then 1 dozen/ 12 eggs.

100 eggs × (1 dozen / 12 eggs) = 8 dozen eggs + 4 eggs

In general, given two functions  and , if there is a constant  such that , then we say that " is directly proportional to ". In symbols, this can be written as .

### Examples of proportionality constants

- The Planck constant puts the energy of a photon of a given frequency into a commonly used unit of energy, the joule.

## Related pages

- Proportionality
Information (Classified album)

***Information*** is the fourth studio album by Canadian rapper, Classified. The album was released sometime in 1997.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Information
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Classified (rapper), Classified
- **released**: 1997
- **recorded**: 1996
- **genre**: Hip-Hop
- **length**: 27:30
- **language**: English language, English
- **producer**: Classified
- **prev title**: What Happened (Classified album), What Happened
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: Now Whut?
- **next year**: 2002
Catherine Wayne

**Catherine "Catie" Wayne** (born April 28, 1992), better known by her online name, **Boxxy**, is an American internet celebrity. She is known for her highly-energetic tone in her blogging videos. She rose to fame in late 2008 and early 2009 when she made videos anonymously under the name "Boxxy" and posted them to her Gaia Online profile. They were later posted onto the website i-am-bored.com and spread to the website 4chan. This resulted in a large online following. She later became an Internet meme. She is known to wear heavy eyeliner and ramble excitedly about many different things while displaying "ridiculous" and possibly "fake" personality quirks. She is rated by the AOL channel's "urlesque" as #104 on its list of "_The 100 Most Iconic Internet Videos_". She was also mentioned in a Fox News report on Internet trolls.

## Other websites

- Boxxy's Official website
- Boxxy at Know Your Meme
2001 Bradford riots

The **Bradford Riots** were a short period of hostile and violent rioting which began on 7 July 2001, in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. It was a result of increased racism by far-right groups such as the British National Party and the National Front against the British Asian community. It was stoked by confrontation between the Anti-Nazi League and the far-right groups. Similar race riots had occurred earlier in other parts of Northern England, such as Oldham and Blackburn in May and Burnley in June.
New Addington

**New Addington** is an area in the London Borough of Croydon. It is a large local estate surrounded by open countryside, woodland and golf courses. The Prime Meridian crosses the eastern edge of New Addington. The eastern edge of New Addington itself follows the line of th London to Lewes Roman road. Some roads are based on the Tudor era, however many are either from the 1960s council estate or are now privately owned.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **map type**: Greater London
- **region**: London
- **static image**: New Addington tramstop look north.JPG
- **static image caption**: New Addington tramstop
- **official name**: New Addington
- **london borough**: Croydon
- **constituency westminster**: Croydon Central (UK Parliament constituency), Croydon Central
- **post town**: CROYDON
- **postcode area**: CR
- **postcode district**: CR0
- **dial code**: 020
- **dial code1**: 01689
- **os grid reference**: TQ382622
- **charingx distance mi**: 12
- **charingx direction**: NN
100 Mile House

**100 Mile House** is a Canadian town and district municipality in British Columbia, Canada. 100 Mile House is in the South Cariboo region of British Columbia. The population of 100 Mile House was 1,928 at the 2021 census.

It was first called the **Bridge Creek House** after the creek that runs through the area. It is known for the many types of birds and for the nearby lakes for boating and fishing, including the Lac La Hache, Canim Lake, Horse Lake, Green Lake, and Bridge Lake. About eight miles away from 100 Mile House is 108 Mile Ranch.

## Other websites

- District of 100 Mile House's Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: 100 Mile House
- **official name**: District of 100 Mile House
- **settlement type**: District municipality
- **image skyline**: Town of 100 Mile House from the N (7959692224).jpg
- **image caption**: View of 100 Mile House
- **pushpin map**: Canada British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of 100 Mile House in British Columbia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Regional district
- **subdivision name2**: Cariboo Regional District, Cariboo
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader title1**: Current members of the Canadian House of Commons, MP
- **leader title2**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLA
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1862
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1965
- **area footnotes**:  (2021)
- **area total km2**: 53.01
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population total**: 1,928
- **population density km2**: 36.4
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, PST
- **utc offset**: −08:00
- **elevation footnotes**:  at the weather station
- **elevation m**: 1059.2
- **area code**: Area code 250, 250 / Area code 778, 778 / Area code 236, 236
- **blank name**: Highways
- **blank1 name**: Waterways
- **blank1 info**: Bridge Creek (British Columbia), Bridge Creek
Ashcroft, British Columbia

**Ashcroft** is a village in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Ashcroft is found in Thompson Country in the Interior of British Columbia. The population of Ashcroft was 1,670 in 2021.

The village of Ashcroft was founded in the 1860s which was during the Cariboo Gold Rush, by two English brothers named Clement Francis Cornwall and Henry Pennant Cornwall who were the founders of Ashcroft Ranch. They emigrated to Canada from Ashcroft, at Newington Bagpath in Gloucestershire. The village is sometimes recognized as the "twin" to nearby Cache Creek, which is on the major highway unlike Ashcroft.

The village is sister cities with Bifuka, Hokkaido in Japan. Ashcroft has a mild and dry climate, with long warm to hot summers, and short moderate winters with only light snowfall. It has the distinction of being the only true arid desert region in Canada.

## Other websites

- Village of Ashcroft's Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ashcroft
- **official name**: The Corporation of the
Village of Ashcroft
- **settlement type**: List of villages in British Columbia, Village
- **image skyline**: File:Ashcroft Firehall.JPG
- **image caption**: Fire hall from 1919, Ashcroft, 2006
- **map caption**: Location of Ashcroft, British Columbia
- **pushpin map**: Canada British Columbia
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Ashcroft in British Columbia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of Canada#British Columbia, Region
- **subdivision name2**: Thompson Country
- **subdivision type3**: List of British Columbia Regional Districts, Regional District
- **subdivision name3**: Thompson-Nicola Regional District, Thompson-Nicola
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1883
- **established title2**: Incorporated as a Village
- **established date2**: 1952
- **government type**: Elected village council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Barbara Roden
- **leader title1**: Governing body
- **leader name1**: Ashcroft Village Council
- **area total km2**: 50.86
- **elevation m**: 335.2
- **population total**: 1670
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: auto
- **postal code type**: Postal Code
- **postal code**: V0K 1A0
- **area code**: Area code 250, 250, Area codes 778, 236, and 672, 778, 236, & 672
- **leader title2**: Current members of the Canadian House of Commons, MP
- **leader name2**: Frank Caputo (Conservative Party of Canada, CPC)
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLA
- **leader name3**: Lorne Doerkson (Conservative Party of British Columbia, CPBC)
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **blank name**: List of British Columbia provincial highways, Highways
- **blank1 name**: Waterways
- **blank1 info**: Thompson River
Cache Creek, British Columbia

**Cache Creek** is a Canadian incorporated village and historic transportation junction in British Columbia, Canada. Cache Creek is in the Thompson Country of the Interior of British Columbia. The population of Cache Creek was 969 at the 2021 census. The town of Cache Creek is on the Trans-Canada Highway. It is at the junction of northbound Highway 97. The name _Cache Creek_ is believed to comes from a cache (a buried and hidden supply) and trade goods depot that was used by the fur traders of either the Hudson's Bay Company or the North West Company. The town is sometimes seen as the "twin" to nearby Ashcroft, which is not on the major highway unlike Cache Creek.

## Other websites

- Village of Cache Creek's Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Cache Creek
- **settlement type**: Village
- **image map**: Cache Creek, British Columbia Location.png
- **map caption**: Where Cache Creek is found in British Columbia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Regional district
- **subdivision name2**: Thompson-Nicola Regional District, Thompson-Nicola
- **government type**: Elected village council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: John Ranta
- **leader title1**: Governing body
- **leader name1**: Cache Creek Village Council
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1959
- **area land km2**: 10.40
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population total**: 969
- **population density km2**: 93.2
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, PST
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Time Zone, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **elevation m**: 396
- **elevation ft**: 1300
- **area code**: Area code 250, 250 / Area code 778, 778 / Area code 236, 236
- **blank name**: List of British Columbia provincial highways, Highways
- **blank info**: Trans-Canada Highway
Clinton, British Columbia

**Clinton** is a Canadian village in British Columbia, Canada. Clinton is in the South Cariboo region of British Columbia. The population of Clinton was 568 at the 2021 census. The town of Clinton was originally known as **47 Mile House** or **47 Mile** but was changed to Clinton in 1863 because of the completion of the Cariboo Wagon Road which was in the area for Henry Fiennes Pelham Clinton.

## Other websites

- Village of Clinton's Official website
Gene duplication

**Gene duplication** (or **gene amplification**) is any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene.

Gene duplication is important in supplying raw genetic material – new genes – to biological evolution. This has been recognized since the 1930s. Recent genomic sequence data show that duplicated genes are common in all organisms surveyed.

## Origin

In classical genetics it may occur as an error in crossing-over during meiosis, or the duplication of an entire chromosome.

In non-classical genetics it may happen by a retrotransposition event.

## Implications

The second copy of the gene is often relatively free from selective pressure. Mutations of it have no deleterious effects to its host organism. Thus it accumulates mutations faster than a functional single-copy gene, over generations.

A duplication is the opposite of a deletion. Duplications arise from unequal crossing-over that occurs during meiosis between misaligned homologous chromosomes. The product of this recombination are a duplication at the site of the exchange and a reciprocal deletion.

## Evolutionary importance

Gene duplication is believed to play a major role in evolution; this idea was first suggested 100 years ago. Susumu Ohno was one of the most famous developers of this theory in his classic book _Evolution by gene duplication_ (1970).  Ohno argued that gene duplication is the most important evolutionary force since the emergence of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA).

Major genome duplication events are not uncommon. It is believed that the entire yeast genome underwent duplication about 100 million years ago.  Plants are the most prolific genome duplicators.  For example, wheat is hexaploid (a kind of polyploid), meaning that it has six copies of its genome.

Normally, a big change in gene function is resisted because the original function is needed, but after a duplication one gene carries on the original function. Therefore, a change of function in the second copy is possible without loss of fitness.
This freedom from consequences allows for more mutations to be 'carried' in the population. Some of these might increase the fitness of the organism or code for a new function.

The two genes that exist after a gene duplication event are called paralogs and usually code for proteins with a similar function and/or structure.  By contrast, orthologous genes are ones which code for proteins with similar functions but exist in different species, and are created from species-splitting.

## Related pages

- Gene family
- Hox gene
- Mutation
Margins

In typesetting, the page **margins** (with **header** and **footer**) are the borders of the page outside of the regular text to be shown.

There are 4 main margins:
    - top margin (or: header) - the top (upper) border of the page
    - bottom margin (or: footer) - the lower border of the page
    - left margin - the lefthand-side border of the page
    - right margin - the righthand-side border of the page
Other special margins can be used, beyond the typical 4, to provide additional margin settings on a page.

## In computer CSS styles

For webpages (such as on the Internet), the margins can be set by using CSS style sheet directives, such as:
    - style="margins: 0.6em 0.7em 0.4em 0.7em" for margins: top, right, bottom & left.
    - style="margin-top: 0.6em" to set just the top margin.
    - style="margin-left: 0.7em" to set the left margin.
    - style="margin-right: 0.7em" to set the right margin.
    - style="margin-bottom: 0.4em" for the bottom margin.
Each page, and each image or formatted table on a page, can have the 4 margins set, separately.
Gladstone, South Australia

**Gladstone** is a small town in South Australia about 200 km north of Adelaide. In 2006 the population was 629.

It is in the middle of a farming area that grows wheat and raises sheep, but Gladstone is important because it has lots of very big buildings to store wheat, barley, durum wheat, peas, faba beans and fiesta beans. All together, these buildings store the biggest amount of grains in the Southern Hemisphere in a place not by the sea.

## Railways

The railways are important to Gladstone so the grains can be moved to the sea and put on ships. The nearest place where this happens is Port Pirie.

The railways are also important to move the grains to the big cities in Australia. Gladstone is on the biggest railway line in Australia that goes between Sydney in the east and Perth in the west. Railway lines also go south to Adelaide, and north to other small towns. Now, all of the railway lines are  4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) apart. This is called standard gauge. Before 1970, the railway lines going north were  3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) apart (narrow gauge), and the railway lines going south were 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) apart (broad gauge). All three "gauges" joined together in Gladstone. Look at the photo to see this. This is very rare. Before 1970, there were only three places in the whole world where this happened.
Rosanna Arquette

**Rosanna Arquette** was born in New York City on August 10, 1959. She is an American actress and movie director. Her notable movies include _Desperately Seeking Susan_, _Pulp Fiction_ and many other movies. She's also been in TV shows. Many of her family members are also actors.
Talcahuano

**Talcahuano** is a commune, city and port in Chile with 171.383 inhabitants and an area of 92.3 square kilometres, all according to the census of 2002. Additionally, this city is known as the first military, industrial and fishing port in the history of Chile.

## History

_Talcahuano_ was declared and founded on 1764 like a port city by Antonio Guill y Gonzaga. This city and the port was well known by some American whaleships on 19th century.

## Etimology

The name _Talcahuano_ comes from _Talcahueñu_, in honor to the Araucanian chief when Spaniards came to the zone. _Talcahueñu_ also means _Thundering Sky_ on mapudungun language.

## Other websites

- Talcahuano municipality
- thno.info
- ASMAR - Astillero de Talcahuano

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Talcahuano
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Chile, City and Communes of Chile, Commune
- **image skyline**: Huascar1.jpg
- **image caption**: The _Huáscar (ship), Huáscar_ monitor (ship), monitor
- **flag alt**: Flag
- **image shield**: Escudo de Talcahuano.svg
- **shield alt**: Coat of arms
- **image map**: Comuna de Talcahuano.svg
- **mapsize**: 175px
- **map caption**: Map of Talcahuano in Biobío Region
- **map alt**: Map of Talcahuano in Biobío Region
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Chile
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Chile, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Biobío Region, Biobío
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Chile, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Concepción Province, Concepción
- **government type**: Municipality
- **leader title**: Alcalde
- **leader party**: Independent (politician), Ind.
- **leader name**: Gastón Saavedra Chandía
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 145.8
- **population total**: 250348
- **population as of**: 2002 Census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Urban area, Urban
- **population blank1**: 248964
- **population blank2 title**: Rural area, Rural
- **population blank2**: 1384
- **demographics type1**: Sex
- **demographics1 title1**: Men
- **demographics1 info1**: 121,778
- **demographics1 title2**: Women
- **demographics1 info2**: 128,570
- **timezone**: Time in Chile, CLT
- **utc offset**: −4
- **timezone dst**: Time in Chile, CLST
- **utc offset dst**: −3
- **area code**: 56 + 41
- **website**: [http://www.talcahuano.cl/ Municipality of Talcahuano]
Volkswagen First Act

**Volkswagen First Act** is a guitar created by first act in partnership with Volkswagen.

## Guitar included with Volkswagen cars

Volkswagen initiated a campaign in 2006 in which the company gave away special edition First Act guitars along with a special series car. The stereos in these Volkswagen could be used as an amplifier for the guitar. An accompanying ad campaign featured guitarists Slash, John Mayer, and Nigel Tufnel of Spinal Tap playing First Act guitars through the sound systems of Volkswagen automobiles.

- 1 – Custom First Act GarageMaster guitar. White with color-coordinated pick guard to match the car (blue, white pearl, black, red). Plate on back of headstock has car’s VIN.
- 1 – Nice VW/First Act embroidered heavy-duty padded nylon gig bag
- 1 – Super-cool VW/First Act embroidered heavy-duty seat belt material guitar strap with leather ends
- 1 – Indispensable 20′ Instrument cable. 1/4 TS to 1/8 TRS3 – Neat VW/First Act logo charcoal celluloid guitar picks-medium thickness

Specs
- Body type 	Solid body, double cutaway
- Material 	Poplar
- Color 	        White/black, White/Blue, White/Red, White/Pearl
- Neck 	        Satin finished maple
- Fretboard 	Rosewood
- Fret count 	22
- Scale length 	25 1/2 in.
- Nut width 	1 11/16 in.
- Pickup configuration 	2 Alnico V humbuckers
- Tuning keys 	Die cast, 3×3
- Weight 	7lbs.
- Overall Length 	38 in.
- Width 	12 3/4 in.
- Electronics 	Volume control, tone control, 9-volt amp-modeling circuit, master volume control, distortion/clean switch, high boost/cut switch, preamp on/off switch, three-way pickup selector toggle switch
Ciyos Guran

**Ciyos Guran** (born 28 May 1938 in Orim, Mazandaran, Iran) is an Iranian poet and writer.  He writes Mazandarani and Persian poems.

## Resources

- dw-world:_CiyosGuran
Accuracy and precision

The **accuracy and precision** of measurements have special meanings in the fields of science, engineering, industry and statistics.

- The **accuracy** of a measurement system is how close it gets  to a quantity's actual (true) value.

- The **precision** of a measurement system is the degree to which repeated measurements give the same results.

A measurement system can be accurate but not precise, precise but not accurate, neither, or both. For example, if an experiment contains a error in the way it is done, then increasing the sample size generally increases precision but does not improve accuracy. The end result would be a consistent, yet inaccurate, set of results from the flawed experiment.  Eliminating the systematic error improves accuracy but does not change precision.

A measurement system is valid if it is both _accurate_ and _precise_. Related terms include _bias_ (non-random or directed effects caused by a factor or factors unrelated to the independent variable) and _error_ (random variability).

## Related topics

The terminology is also applied to indirect measurements—that is, values obtained by a computational procedure from observed data.

In addition to accuracy and precision, measurements may also have a measurement resolution, which is the smallest change in the underlying physical quantity that produces a response in the measurement.

## Different meanings of 'precision'

The word "precision" also refers to how fine the measurement is made, as the _resolution_ of the measurement, such as to the nearest meter, centimeter, or yard, foot, inch, or nanometer.

In the case of full reproducibility, such as when rounding a number to a representable floating point number, the word _precision_ has a meaning not related to reproducibility. For example, in the IEEE 754-2008 standard, it means the number of bits in the significand (number of digits in the amount), so it is used as a measure for the relative accuracy with which a number can be shown.

## Related pages

- Precision (numbers)
- Significant figures
- Pi

## Other websites

- BIPM - Guides in metrology - Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM)
- "Beyond NIST Traceability: What really creates accuracy"  - _Controlled Environments magazine_
- Precision and Accuracy with Three Psychophysical Methods
- Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results, Appendix D.1: Terminology
- Accuracy and Precision
Humidex

The **humidex** ("Hyu-mah-deks") is a temperature index used by Canadian meteorologists to describe how hot the weather feels to a person, by adding the effect of heat and humidity. For example, if the temperature is  and the calculated humidex is 40, then that means the humid heat feels like a dry temperature of . The index is widely used in Canadian weather reports during summer to give the discomfort level.

According to the Meteorological Service of Canada, a humidex of at least 30 causes "some discomfort", at least 40 causes "great discomfort" and above 45 is "dangerous". When the humidex hits 54, then heat stroke is very near.

The current formula for getting the humidex (see below: Humidex formula) was developed by J.M. Masterton and F.A. Richardson of Canada's Atmospheric Environment Service in 1979. The humidex differs from the heat index used in the United States, in being derived from the dew point rather than the relative humidity.

The record highest humidex in Canada occurred on July 25, 2007, when Carman, Manitoba hit 53.0. That number broke the previous record of 52.1 set during 1953 in Windsor, Ontario (The residents of Windsor would not have known it at the time, since the humidex had yet to be invented).

## Humidex formula

When the temperature is 30 °C (86 °F) and the dew point is 15 °C (59 °F), the humidex is 34. Note how humidex is a dimensionless number, but it indicates an approximate temperature in °C. If the temperature remains  and the dew point rises to  , the humidex rises to 42.  The humidex tends to be higher than the U.S. heat index at equal temperature and relative humidity.

The humidex formula is as follows:

- humidex = (air temperature in Celsius) + _h_
- _h_ = (0.5555)*(_e_ - 10.0)

- _e_ = 6.11 * exp 5417.7530 * ((1/273.16) - (1/dewpoint in kelvins))]

Complete:

## Related pages

- Heat index
- Wind chill

## Other websites

- "Frequently Asked Questions" , MSC, 2004.
- Wind Chill and Humidex Criticism about the use of wind chill and humidex
- More Humidex info
Heat index

The "**heat index**" (**HI**, also "**humiture**") is a measurement which combines air temperature and relative humidity as being the human-perceived equivalent temperature — how hot it feels. The result is also known as the "felt air temperature" or "apparent temperature". For example, when the temperature is  with very high humidity, the heat index can be about .

The human body normally cools itself by perspiration, or sweating, which evaporates and carries heat away from the body. However, when the relative humidity is high, then the evaporation rate is reduced, so heat is removed from the body at a lower rate, causing it to retain more heat than it would in dry air. Measurements have been taken based on subjective descriptions of how hot subjects feel for a given temperature and humidity, allowing an index to be made which relates one temperature and humidity combination, to another, at a higher temperature in drier air.

The heat index was developed in 1978 by George Winterling as the "humiture" and was adopted by the National Weather Service a year later. It is derived from work carried out by Robert G. Steadman. Like the wind chill index, the heat index contains assumptions about the human body mass and height, clothing, amount of physical activity, thickness of blood, sunlight and ultraviolet radiation exposure, and the wind speed. Large deviations from the typical values will result in heat-index values which do not accurately reflect the perceived temperature.

In Canada, the similar humidex is used in place of the heat index. The humidex differs from the heat index in using the dew point rather than the relative humidity.

The heat index is defined so as to equal the actual air temperature when the partial pressure of water vapor is equal to a baseline value of 1.6 kPa. At standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa), this baseline corresponds to a dew point of 14 °C (57 °F) and a mixing ratio of 0.01 (10 g of water vapor per kilogram of dry air). This corresponds to an air temperature of 25°C and relative humidity of 50% in the sea-level psychrometric chart.

At high temperatures, the level of _relative_ humidity needed to make the heat index higher than the actual temperature is lower than at cooler temperatures. For example, at approximately 27 °C (80 °F), the heat index will agree with the actual temperature if the relative humidity is 45%, but at about 43°C (110°F), any relative-humidity reading above 17% will make the Heat Index higher than 43°C (110 °F).

The heat index is calculated only if the actual temperature is above 27 °C (80 °F), dew point temperatures greater than 12 °C (54 °F), and relative humidities higher than 40%. The heat index and humidex figures are based on temperature measurements taken in the shade and not the sun, so extra care must be taken while in the sun.

Sometimes the heat index and the wind chill are denoted collectively by the single terms "apparent temperature" or "relative outdoor temperature".

## Related pages

- Humidex
- Wind chill

## Other websites

- "Frequently Asked Questions" , MSC, 2004.
Blue Velvet (movie)

***Blue Velvet*** is a 1986 American mystery movie by David Lynch. It is set in North Carolina. The cast include Dennis Hopper, Laura Dern and Kyle MacLachlan. The title is from the 1963 Bobby Vinton song of the same name. This movie was originally detested by certain movie critics, although it is now widely acclaimed. It was controversial at the time of its 1986 release, and has since become a cult favorite.  Lynch got his second Academy Award nomination for Best Director for the movie.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Blue Velvet
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: David Lynch
- **producer**: Fred C. Caruso, Fred Caruso
- **screenplay**: David Lynch
- **starring**: Kyle MacLachlan
Isabella Rossellini
Dennis Hopper
Laura Dern
Hope Lange
George Dickerson
Dean Stockwell
- **music**: Angelo Badalamenti
- **cinematography**: Frederick Elmes
- **editing**: Duwayne Dunham
- **studio**: De Laurentiis Entertainment Group
- **distributor**: De Laurentiis Entertainment Group
Paramount Pictures
- **runtime**: 120 minutes
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $6 million
- **gross**: $8,551,228
Mononucleosis

**Mononucleosis** is the presence of lymphocytes (white blood cells) in the bloodstream of a human body. There are two forms:

- Glandular fever
- CMV Mononucleosis

The word typically refers to glandular fever.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease

**Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease** (HFMD) is a human disease which is caused by a strain of Coxsackie A virus. Signs and symptoms include:

- Fever
- Headache
- Vomiting
- Fatigue
- Aches and pains (malaise)
- Earache
- Sore throat
- Painful mouth sores
- Body rash
- Sores with blisters on hand
- Red rash on hands (palamar erythema)
- Mouth lesions
- Loss of appetite
- Diarrhea

HFMD is very common, especially in babies and young children. It is easily spread from person to person, so it often happens in a nursery or kindergarten. Outbreaks occur every few years in different parts of the world including Asian countries.

Only a small number of people get sick enough to go to a hospital. There is also no specific treatment for HFMD. It goes away on its own in about 7 to 10 days.

## Asia

Over the last decade, many outbreaks of HFMD have been reported in countries of the Western Pacific Region. Recently, countries with large increases in the number of reported cases in Asia have included China, Japan, Hong Kong (China), Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam.
In Viet Nam, HFMD circulates year-round in most provinces with two associated peaks, from March to May and from September to December.
Ontario Hockey League

The **Ontario Hockey League** (**OHL**), is a professional ice hockey league based in Canada and features 17 teams from Canada and 3 teams from the United States. For a player to play in the Ontario Hockey League they have to be between the ages of 15 to 20. The main championship for the OHL is the J. Ross Robertson Cup which is awarded to the winner of the Ontario Hockey League playoff championship. The current holders of the Cup is the London Knights. The Ontario Hockey League is one of the three Major Junior ice hockey leagues which is part of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL).

## Teams in the OHL

|style="background:white;"|Division|style="background:white;"|Team|style="background:white;"|Arena|style="background:white;"|Location|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Brantford Bulldogs**|Brantford Civic Centre|Brantford, Ontario||||||
|**Kingston Frontenacs**|Slush Puppie Place|Kingston, Ontario||||||
|**Oshawa Generals**|Tribute Communities Centre|Oshawa, Ontario||||||
|**Ottawa 67's**|TD Place Arena|Ottawa, Ontario||||||
|**Peterborough Petes**|Peterborough Memorial Centre|Peterborough, Ontario||||||
|**Barrie Colts**|Sadlon Arena|Barrie, Ontario||||||
|**Brampton Steelheads**|CAA Centre|Brampton, Ontario||||||
|**Niagara IceDogs**|Meridian Centre|St. Catharines, Ontario||||||
|**North Bay Battalion**|North Bay Memorial Gardens|North Bay, Ontario||||||
|**Sudbury Wolves**|Sudbury Community Arena|Sudbury, Ontario||||||
|**Erie Otters**|Erie Insurance Arena|Erie, Pennsylvania, USA||||||
|**Guelph Storm**|Sleeman Centre|Guelph, Ontario||||||
|**Kitchener Rangers**|Kitchener Memorial Auditorium Complex|Kitchener, Ontario||||||
|**London Knights**|Canada Life Place|London, Ontario||||||
|**Owen Sound Attack**|Harry Lumley Bayshore Community Centre|Owen Sound, Ontario||||||
|**Flint Firebirds**|Dort Federal Credit Union Event Center|Flint, Michigan, USA||||||
|**Saginaw Spirit**|Dow Event Center|Saginaw, Michigan, USA||||||
|**Sarnia Sting**|Progressive Auto Sales Arenae|Sarnia, Ontario||||||
|**Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds**|GFL Memorial Gardens|Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario||||||
|**Windsor Spitfires**|WFCU Centre|Windsor, Ontario||||||

## Infobox (sports league)

- **current season**: 2024–25 OHL season
- **sport**: Ice hockey
- **founded**: 1933
- **ceo**: David Branch
- **teams**: 20
- **country**:

- **champion**: London Knights (5)
- **most champs**: Oshawa Generals (13)
- **tv**: Sportsnet, Sportsnet One, TVCogeco, Cogeco Sports, Rogers TV, TV Rogers, Shaw TV Sault Ste. Marie, Shaw TV
- **website**: [http://www.ontariohockeyleague.com ontariohockeyleague.com]
Deen (band)

**Deen** is a popular music group from Japan which started in 1993. In April 2011 they released the song "Konomama kimidakewo ubaisaritai" which means "I want to steal only you."

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Deen
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Japan
- **genre**: Pop music, classical music,
folk music, album-oriented rock
- **years active**: 1993–present
- **label**: B-Gram Records (1993–1998)
Bertelsmann Music Group, BMG Japan/Berg (1998–2003)
BMG Japan (2003–2009)
Ariola Japan/Sony Music Entertainment Japan (2009- )
- **url**: [http://www.deen.gr.jp/ www.deen.gr.jp]
- **current members**: Shuichi Ikemori
 Koji Yamane
 Shinji Tagawa
- **past members**: Naoki Utsumoto
Tatsumi Nakai
Keisuke Kurasawa
Richard M. Daley

**Richard Michael Daley** (born April 24, 1942) was an American politician. He was the 54th Mayor of Chicago from 1989 to 2011 and a member of the Democratic Party. His father, Richard J. Daley, had also been the Mayor of Chicago.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Richard M. Daley
- **image**: Richard Daley 2010.jpg
- **order**: List of mayors of Chicago, 54th
- **office**: Mayor of Chicago
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **residence**: Chicago, Illinois
- **term start**: April 24, 1989
- **term end**: May 16, 2011
- **predecessor**: Eugene Sawyer
- **successor**: Rahm Emanuel
- **office2**: Cook County State's Attorney
- **term start2**: 1980
- **term end2**: 1989
- **predecessor2**: Bernard Carey
- **successor2**: Cecil Partee
- **office3**: Illinois Senate, Illinois State Senator
from the 23rd district
- **term start3**: 1972
- **term end3**: 1980
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Margaret C. Daley (deceased)
- **signature**: RMDaleySig.svg
- **children**: Nora Daley Conroy
 Patrick Daley
 Elizabeth Daley
 Kevin Daley (deceased)
- **alma mater**: DePaul University
Providence College
- **branch**: United States Marine Corps Reserves
Basic Instinct

***Basic Instinct*** is a 1992 American erotic thriller. The movie was directed by Paul Verhoeven and stars Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone. Douglas plays a San Francisco police detective who investigates the murder of a rich rock star. During this investigation he gets personally involved with the prime suspect, Catherine Tramell (played by Stone), having an affair with her. The movie generated a lot of controversy due to its strong and graphic violence and violent sex scenes. It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists for its portrayal of a bisexual woman as a narcissistic psychopath. The movie was given mixed reviews, but it took in millions at the box office. It was originally under a rating of NC-17. It was later edited down for an R rating before release.

It was followed by a sequel, _Basic Instinct 2_.
Boomerang (disambiguation)

A **Boomerang** is a toy. It can also mean:
- Boomerang (TV channel), a world TV channel controlled in the United States.
- Boomerang (British TV channel), a unit of Boomerang seen in Britain.
- Boomerang (roller coaster), a roller coaster type.
Congressional Gold Medal

The **Congressional Gold Medal** is awarded by the United States Congress.  It is one of the highest awards like Presidential Medal of Freedom given to people who are not in the military.  Gold medals have been awarded since the days of the Continental Congress.  A gold medal often includes a picture of the person who received it.
Presidential Medal of Freedom

The **Presidential Medal of Freedom** is an award given by the President of the United States. It recognizes those individuals who have made "an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, world peace, cultural or other significant public or private endeavors". The award is not limited to U.S. citizens and, while it is a civilian award, it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform.

It was established in 1963 and replaced the earlier Medal of Freedom that was established by President Harry S. Truman in 1945.

## Related pages

- Congressional Gold Medal
- Medal of Freedom
- List of Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients

## Other websites

- "Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients", a list of recipients from May 5, 1993, through August 19, 2009, from senate.gov, the U.S. Senate's official website. Accessed August 22, 2009.
Plant cell

Like all organisms, plants have cells. Plant cells have a nucleus with chromosomes and DNA, and they have mitochondria. Those are common to all eukaryotic cells. But in some ways they are different from animal cells and the cells of other eukaryotes.

- They have cell walls composed of cellulose and some other compounds. Pectin, and sometimes lignin, is secreted on the outside of the cell membrane. This is different from the cell walls of fungi (which are made of chitin), and of bacteria (which are made of peptidoglycan). The cell wall gives the cell a definite shape.
- There are special cell-to-cell communication pathways known as plasmodesmata. These are pores in the cell wall through which the cell content of adjacent cells (including endoplasmic reticulum)  are continuous.
- They have plastids. The most notable are the chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll. This green-colored pigment absorbs sunlight, and allows the plant to make its own food by photosynthesis. Other types of plastids are the amyloplasts, which store starch, elaioplasts for fat storage, and chromoplasts for making and storing pigments. Like mitochondria, plastids have their own genomes of about 100–120 unique genes. It is thought they started as prokaryotic endosymbionts living in the cells of an early eukaryotic ancestor of the land plants and algae.
- They have a large central vacuole, a water-filled volume enclosed by a membrane. The vacuole keeps the cell's turgor (stiffness), controls movement of molecules between the cytosol and sap, stores useful material and digests waste proteins and organelles.
- Cell division by construction of a 'cell plate' late in cytokinesis is characteristic of land plants and a few groups of algae.
- The sperm of bryophytes and pteridophytes, cycads and _Ginkgo_ have flagella similar to those in animals. However, higher plants (including gymnosperms and flowering plants) lack the flagella and centrioles that are present in animal cells.
Abé language

**Abé** is a language spoken in Côte d'Ivoire. Its name is also spelled **Abbé**, **Abbey**, and **Abi**. About 170,000 people spoke the language in 1995. These people mostly lived in the Department of Agboville.

The Abé language is part of the Niger-Congo language family. It has four dialects: Tioffo, Morie, Abbey-Ve, and Kos.

- References

- Other websites
- Ethnologue report for Abé

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Abé
- **region**: Ivory Coast
- **ethnicity**: Abbé people, Abbé
- **speakers**: 170,000
- **date**: 1995
- **ref**: e18
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic–Congo languages, Atlantic–Congo
- **fam3**: Kwa languages, Kwa
- **script**: latin
- **iso3**: aba
- **glotto**: abee1242
- **glottorefname**: Abe
Southern Bantoid languages

The **Southern Bantoid** languages are a group of African languages of the Niger-Congo language family. This group was first described by Kay Williamson in 1989. Williamson described a way of splitting the Bantoid languages into two groups, North and South.

According to the _Ethnologue_, there are 643 languages in the Southern Bantoid group. Many of these languages are mutually intelligible (someone who is speaking one language can be understood by someone who speaks another language.) The group includes a number of smaller language families:
- Narrow Bantu languages
- Jarawan languages
- Tivoid languages
- Beboid languages
- Mamfe languages
- Grassfields languages
- Ekoid languages
There are also some languages in the Southern Bantoid group that have not been classified into one of these language families.

## Outside pages

- Southern Bantoid on the Ethnologue

## Infobox (language family)

- **name**: Southern Bantoid
- **altname**: Wide Bantu
- **region**: Subsaharan Africa, but not further west than Nigeria
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic-Congo
- **fam3**: Benue-Congo
- **fam4**: Bantoid
- **child1**: Jarawan languages, Jarawan
- **child2**: Tivoid languages, Tivoid
- **child3**: Beboid languages, Beboid
- **child4**: Mamfe languages, Mamfe (Nyang)
- **child5**: Grassfields languages, Grassfields
- **child6**: Ekoid languages, Ekoid
- **child7**: ? Mbam languages, Mbam
- **child8**: Bantu languages, (Narrow) Bantu (unity in doubt)
The Boy Who Cried Wolf

***The Boy Who Cried Wolf*** is a fable by Aesop.

_The Boy Who Cried Wolf_ is number 210 in the Perry Index. The fable is about a shepherd boy who keeps tricking people into believing that a wolf is attacking his flock of sheep. The boy tricks the people so many times that when a wolf actually comes to kill the flock, the townspeople don't believe his cries for help and the wolf eats his flock. The moral of the story is that this is how liars are rewarded: even if they tell the truth, no one believes them. The story dates back  to Classical times.
The Crow and the Pitcher

"**The Crow and the Pitcher**" is a fable by Aesop. "The Crow and the Pitcher" is numbered at 390 in the Perry Index. The fable is in the 2nd century AD Greek fable collection by pseudo-Dositheus and also later appears in the 4th–5th century Latin verse collection by Avianus.

The fable is about a crow that is thirsty and comes across a pitcher of water. When the crow looks in the pitcher, the water is at the bottom and is out of the crow's reach. The crow tries to push the pitcher over but fails to do so. It drops pebbles in the pitcher, one by one, until the water rises to the top of the pitcher which allows the crow to drink. Avianus follows the fable with a moral that emphasizes the virtue of ingenuity: "This fable shows us that thoughtfulness is superior to brute strength."
The Duke of Edinburgh's Award

The **Duke of Edinburgh's Award** (**DofE**) is a programme of activities for anyone aged 14 to 24. There are three levels of the award: _Bronze_, _Silver_ and _Gold_. There are different sections in each level. At Bronze and Silver level, participants must do four sections: _Volunteering_, _Physical_, _Skills_ and _Epstien_. At Gold level, participants must do another section, as well as the other four, called _Residential_. Each level can take between 1-4 years to complete.  All activities must be done by the participant's 25th birthday.  Around 275,000 participants are taking part in their DofE programme at any time in the United Kingdom. The aim of the programme is to evidence a person's dedication to improving themselves. DofE is also run in other countries under the name of the International Award.

## _e_DofE

_e_DofE is an online system that lets participants manage their DofE programme. It also enables leaders to look at participants' progress.