juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
United States Senate Committee on Finance

The **United States Senate Committee on Finance** (or, less formally, **Senate Finance Committee**) is a standing committee of the United States Senate. The Committee focuses on issues relating to taxation and other revenue measures generally. It is considered to be one of the most powerful committees in Congress.

## Current members

|Majority|Minority|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|valign=top|* Ron Wyden, Oregon, _Chairman_ * Debbie Stabenow, Michigan * Maria Cantwell, Washington * Bob Menendez, New Jersey * Tom Carper, Delaware * Ben Cardin, Maryland * Sherrod Brown, Ohio * Michael Bennet, Colorado * Bob Casey, Pennsylvania * Mark Warner, Virginia * Sheldon Whitehouse, Rhode Island * Maggie Hassan, New Hampshire * Catherine Cortez Masto, Nevada * Elizabeth Warren, Massachusetts|valign=top|* Mike Crapo, Idaho, _Ranking Member_ * Chuck Grassley, Iowa * John Cornyn, Texas * John Thune, South Dakota * Richard Burr, North Carolina * Pat Toomey, Pennsylvania * Tim Scott, South Carolina * Bill Cassidy, Louisiana * James Lankford, Oklahoma * Steve Daines, Montana * Rob Portman, Ohio * Todd Young, Indiana * Ben Sasse, Nebraska * John Barrasso, Wyoming|
Senate Republican Conference

The **Senate Republican Conference** is the formal organization of the Republican Senators in the United States Senate. The mission of the conference is about informing the media of the opinions and activities of Senate Republicans. Today the Senate Republican Conference helps Republican Senators by giving them communications services including graphics, radio, television, and the Internet.

Its current Chairman is Senator John Barrasso, and its Vice Chairwoman is currently Senator Joni Ernst.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Senate Republican Conference
- **logo**: Republican Disc.svg
- **leader1 title**: Part of
- **leader1 name**: United States Senate
- **leader2 title**: Floor Leader
- **leader2 name**: Mitch McConnell (Kentucky, KY)
- **leader3 title**: Floor Whip
- **leader3 name**: John Thune (South Dakota, SD)
- **leader4 title**: Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference, Chair
- **leader4 name**: John Barrasso (Wyoming, WY)
- **leader5 title**: Vice Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference, Vice Chair
- **leader5 name**: Joni Ernst (Iowa, IA)
- **position**: Right-wing politics, Right-wing
- **affiliation1 title**: Affiliation
- **affiliation1**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
- **seats1 title**: Seats
- **colors**: Red
- **website**: [https://www.republican.senate.gov/public/ republican.senate.gov]
- **country**: United States
Senate Democratic Caucus

The **Democratic Caucus of the United States Senate**, sometimes referred to as the **Democratic Conference**, is the formal organization of all senators who are part of the Democratic Party in the United States Senate.

For the makeup of the 117th Congress, the caucus additionally includes two independent senators (Bernie Sanders of Vermont and Angus King of Maine) who caucus with the Democrats, bringing the current total to 50 members.

## Other websites

- Official Home of the Senate Democratic Caucus on the Internet
- Senate Party Leadership – much of this article's content was adapted from this useful public domain resource
- First Formal Organization of the Senate Democratic Caucus

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Senate Democratic Caucus
- **logo**: US Democratic Party Logo.svg
- **leader1 title**: Part of
- **leader1 name**: United States Senate
- **leader2 title**: Chair and Leader
- **leader2 name**: Chuck Schumer (NY)
- **leader3 title**: Floor Whip
- **leader3 name**: Dick Durbin (IL)
- **leader4 title**: Assistant Leader
- **leader4 name**: Patty Murray (WA)
- **leader5 title**: Vice Chairs
- **leader5 name**: Mark Warner (VA)

- **ideology**: Centrism
Conservatism
Modern liberalism in the United States, Modern liberalism
Progressivism
- **position**: Center politics, Center to Centre-left politics, center-left
- **affiliation1 title**: Affiliation
- **affiliation1**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party
- **seats1 title**: Seats
- +2 independents
- **colors**: Blue
- **website**: [https://www.democrats.senate.gov/about-senate-dems/our-caucus democrats.senate.gov]
- **country**: United States
United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry

The **Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry** is a committee of the United States Senate empowered with legislative oversight of all issues relating to the nation's agriculture industry, farming programs, forestry and logging, and legislation relating to nutrition, home economics, and rural development.

The current Chair is Democrat Debbie Stabenow of Michigan, and the Ranking Member is Republican John Boozman of Arkansas.
William H. Avery (politician)

**William Henry Avery** (August 11, 1911 – November 4, 2009) was an American Republican Party politician who was the 37th Governor of Kansas from 1965 until 1967. He also representaed Kansas in the United States House of Representatives from 1955 until 1965.

Avery died on November 4, 2009 in Wakefield, Kansas at the age of 98.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: William H. Avery
- **image**: Avery William H.jpg
- **order1**: 37th
- **office1**: Governor of Kansas
- **term start1**: January 11, 1965
- **term end1**: January 9, 1967
- **lieutenant1**: John Crutcher
- **predecessor1**: John Anderson Jr.
- **successor1**: Robert Docking
- **state2**: Kansas
- **district2**: Kansas's 2nd congressional district, 2nd
- **term start2**: January 3, 1963
- **term end2**: January 3, 1965
- **preceded2**: Robert Ellsworth
- **succeeded2**: Chester L. Mize
- **state3**: Kansas
- **district3**: Kansas's 1st congressional district, 1st
- **term start3**: January 3, 1955
- **term end3**: January 3, 1963
- **preceded3**: Howard S. Miller
- **succeeded3**: Bob Dole
- **office4**: Member of the Kansas House of Representatives
- **term4**: 1951–1955
- **birth name**: William Henry Avery
- **birth place**: Wakefield, Kansas, Wakefield, Kansas, U.S.
- **death place**: Wakefield, Kansas, U.S.
- **alma mater**: University of Kansas
- **profession**: Farmer, Oilman, Banker, Politician
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican Party
Wakefield, Kansas

**Wakefield** is a city in Clay County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2020 census, the city had 858 people living here.
Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation

The **Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation** (**VOC**) is a non-profit anti-communist organization in the United States. It was created by an Act of Congress in 1993 for the purpose of "educating Americans about the ideology, history and legacy of communism."

The organization was responsible for building the Victims of Communism Memorial in Washington, D.C. It is a member of the European Union's Platform of European Memory and Conscience.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation
- **type**: Non-profit
- **tax id**: 52-1920858
- **founded date**: 1994
- **location**: Washington, D.C.
- **focus**: Anti-communism
Alston & Bird

**Alston & Bird LLP** is an international global law firm with over 800 lawyers in 13 offices throughout the United States, Europe, U.K., and Asia.

The firm gives legal services to domestic and international clients worldwide. Alston & Bird has advised companies including Amazon.com, The Coca-Cola Company, Microsoft, Bank of America, Starbucks, Toyota, Dell, UPS, and Nokia.

For the past 22 years, _Fortune_ has ranked the firm in the 100 Best Companies to Work For list.
Law firm

A **law firm** is a business group formed by one or more lawyers for the practice of law. The nature of work of law firms is to advise clients (individuals or corporations) about their legal rights and responsibilities, and to represent clients in civil or criminal cases, business transactions, etc. These situations often need legal advice, analysis or help.

## Related pages

- Barrister
- Court
1988 Republican Party presidential primaries

The **1988 Republican presidential primaries** were the selection process that Republican voters used to choose their nominee for President of the United States in the 1988 U.S. presidential election.

Incumbent Vice President George H.W. Bush won the nomination after winning the delegation count needed through primary elections and caucuses. He was formally nominated at the 1988 Republican National Convention held from August 15 to August 18, 1988, in New Orleans, Louisiana.

### Nominee

|colspan="2"|Candidate|style="width:250px;"|Experience|style="width:100px;"|Home State|Campaign|Popular vote|Running mate|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Vice President of the United States (1981–1989)**|Texas|**<small>(campaign)</small>**|**8,253,512** **(67.90%)**|Dan Quayle|||||

### Withdrew before convention

||Candidate|Experience|Home State|Campaign|Popular vote|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**U.S. Senator (1969–1996)**|Kansas|**<small>(campaign)</small>**|**2,333,375** **(19.19%)**|||
|**None**|Virginia|**<small>(campaign)</small>**|**1,097,446** **(9.02%)**|||
|**U.S. Representative (1971–89)**|New York|**<small>(campaign)</small>**|**331,333** **(2.72%)**|||

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 1988 Republican Party presidential primaries
- **country**: United States
- **type**: primary
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: 1984 Republican Party presidential primaries
- **previous year**: 1984
- **next election**: 1992 Republican Party presidential primaries
- **next year**: 1992
- **election date**: January 14 to June 14, 1988
- **image1**:
- **candidate1**: **George H. W. Bush**
- **colour1**: a59400
- **home state1**: Texas
- **states carried1**: **42**
- **popular vote1**: **8,253,512**
- **percentage1**: **67.9%**
- **image2**:
- **candidate2**: Bob Dole
- **colour2**: 73638c
- **home state2**: Kansas
- **states carried2**: 5
- **popular vote2**: 2,333,375
- **percentage2**: 19.2%
- **image3**:
- **candidate3**: Pat Robertson
- **colour3**: 668c63
- **home state3**: Virginia
- **states carried3**: 4
- **popular vote3**: 1,097,446
- **percentage3**: 9.0%
- **map image**: 1988RepublicanPresidentialPrimaries.svg
- **map size**: 450px
- **map caption**: <span style="color:#a59400">**Gold**</span> denotes a state won by George H. W. Bush. <span style="color:#668c63">**Green**</span> denotes a state won by Pat Robertson. <span style="color:#73638c">**Purple**</span> denotes a state won by Bob Dole. <span style="color:#c1c1c1">**Grey**</span> denotes a state that did not hold a primary.
- **title**: Republican nominee
- **before election**: Ronald Reagan
- **after election**: George H. W. Bush
1996 Republican Party presidential primaries

The **1996 Republican presidential primaries** were how voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1996 U.S. presidential election.

Senator Bob Dole of Kansas, the former Senate Majority Leader won the nomination after winning the delagets needed through a series of primary elections and caucuses. He was formally nominated at the 1996 Republican National Convention held from August 12 to August 15, 1996, in San Diego, California.

The primary also saw the unexpected success of non-politically experienced officeholders Pat Buchanan and Steve Forbes winning a few states and some second place finishes.

### Declined to run

- Howard Baker, former Senate Majority Leader from Tennessee
- James Baker, former Secretary of State
- Bill Bennett, former Secretary of Education
- George W. Bush, Governor of Texas
- Carroll Campbell, former Governor of South Carolina
- Dick Cheney, former Secretary of Defense
- Pete du Pont, former Governor of Delaware
- John Engler, Governor of Michigan
- Newt Gingrich, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
- Tom Kean, former Governor of New Jersey
- Lynn Morley Martin, former Secretary of Labor
- John McCain, Senator from Arizona
- Oliver North, Retired United States Marine Corps Colonel
- Colin Powell, Retired Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
- Donald Rumsfeld, former Secretary of Defense
- Dan Quayle, former Vice President
- Tommy Thompson, Governor of Wisconsin
- Bill Weld, Governor of Massachusetts
- Christine Todd Whitman, Governor of New Jersey
- Donald Trump, Businessman

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 1996 Republican Party presidential primaries
- **country**: United States
- **type**: primary
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: 1992 Republican Party presidential primaries
- **previous year**: 1992
- **next election**: 2000 Republican Party presidential primaries
- **next year**: 2000
- **election date**: January 29 to June 4, 1996
- **image1**:
- **colour1**: 73638c
- **candidate1**: **Bob Dole**
- **home state1**: Kansas
- **states carried1**: **46**
- **popular vote1**: **9,024,742 **
- **percentage1**: **58.8%**
- **image2**:
- **colour2**: a59400
- **candidate2**: Pat Buchanan
- **home state2**: Virginia
- **states carried2**: 4
- **popular vote2**: 3,184,943
- **percentage2**: 20.8%
- **image3**:
- **candidate3**: Steve Forbes
- **colour3**: 668c63
- **home state3**: New Jersey
- **states carried3**: 2
- **popular vote3**: 1,751,187
- **percentage3**: 11.4%
- **map image**: 1996RepublicanPresidentialPrimaries.svg
- **map size**: 450px
- **map caption**: <span style="color:#a59400">**Gold**</span> denotes a state won by Pat Buchanan. <span style="color:#668c63">**Green**</span> denotes a state won by Steve Forbes. <span style="color:#73638c">**Purple**</span> denotes a state won by Bob Dole. <span style="color:#c1c1c1">**Grey**</span> denotes a territory that did not hold a primary.
- **title**: Republican nominee
- **before election**: George H. W. Bush
- **after election**: Bob Dole
1996 Republican National Convention

The **1996 National Convention** of the Republican Party of the United States met at the San Diego Convention Center (SDCC) in San Diego, California, from August 12 to August 15, 1996.

The convention nominated former Senator Bob Dole from Kansas, for president and former Representative and secretary of Housing and Urban Development Jack Kemp, from suburban Buffalo, New York, for vice president.

The Republican National Committee had narrowed their search for a site to three bidding cities, San Diego, New Orleans, and San Antonio. They eventually picked San Diego.

Speakers included former Presidents Gerald Ford and George H. W. Bush, former First Lady Nancy Reagan (who spoke for her husband Ronald Reagan) and former Vice President Dan Quayle.
Winfield Scott Hancock

**Winfield Scott Hancock** (February 14, 1824 – February 9, 1886) was a United States Army officer and the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in 1880. He served in the Mexican–American War and as a Union general in the American Civil War. He was known for his leadership at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863.

Hancock lost the 1880 elected to Republican James A. Garfield by a small margin.

## Other websites

- The Democratic Trojan Horse; _Harper's Weekly_ political cartoon about the 1880 presidential election
- W.S. Hancock Society
- Hancock Memorial at Gettysburg
- Hancock Memorial in Washington D.C.
- Hancock's report of the Battle of Gettysburg
- Hancock Park in New York City

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: WinfieldScottHancock2.jpg
- **birth place**: Montgomeryville, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, U.S.
- **resting place**: Montgomery Cemetery (West Norriton Township, Pennsylvania), Montgomery Cemetery
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 2
- **education**: United States Military Academy (Bachelor of Science, BS)
- **signature**: Winfield Scott Hancock signature.jpg
- **nickname**: Hancock the Superb
- **branch**: United States Army, U.S. Army (Union Army)
- **serviceyears**: 1844–1886
- **rank**:  Major general (United States), Major general
- **commands**: II Corps (Union Army), II Corps
- **battles**: Mexican–American War, Mexican-American War
American Civil War
Kappa Sigma

**Kappa Sigma** (**ΚΣ**), commonly known as **Kappa Sig**, is an American college social fraternity founded at the University of Virginia in 1869. Kappa Sigma is one of the five largest international fraternities with currently 318 active chapters and colonies in North America.

Its endowment fund, founded in 1919, has donated more than $5 million to undergrads since 1948. In 2012 alone, the Fraternity's endowment fund raised over $1 million in donations.
Anaphia

**Anaphia**, also known as **tactile anesthesia**, is a medical symptom in which there is a total or partial loss of the sense of touch.

Anaphia is a common symptom of spinal cord injury and neuropathy.
Castel d'Aiano

**Castel d'Aiano** (Medial Mountain Bolognese: ) is a _comune_ (municipality) near Bologna in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. It is located about  southwest of Bologna.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Castel d'Aiano
- **official name**: Comune di Castel d'Aiano
- **region**: Emilia-Romagna
- **metropolitan city**: Metropolitan City of Bologna, Bologna (BO)
- **mayor**: Salvatore Argentieri
- **area total km2**: 45.3
- **population total**: 1857
- **population as of**: 31 May 2017
- **elevation m**: 805
- **postal code**: 40034
- **area code**: 051
Civil Rights Act of 1968

The **Civil Rights Act of 1968** () is a landmark law in the United States signed into law by United States President Lyndon B. Johnson during the King assassination riots.

The 1968 act expanded on previous acts and did not allow discrimination on race, sex, or religion concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing. Since 1988, the act protects people with disabilities and families with children. Pregnant women are also protected from illegal discrimination because they have been given familial status with their unborn child being the other family member.

Title X, commonly known as the **Anti-Riot Act**, makes it a felony to carry on a riot.

The initial vote in the House of Representatives was 327–93 (161–25 in the House Republican Conference and 166–67 in the House Democratic Caucus) with 12 members voting present or abstaining, while in the Senate the final vote with amendments was 71–20 (29–3 in the Senate Republican Conference and 42–17 in the Senate Democratic Caucus) with 5 members voting present or abstaining.
1995–1996 United States federal government shutdowns

The United States federal government shutdowns of 1995 and 1995–96 was caused by problems between Democratic President Bill Clinton and the Republican Congress over funding for education, the environment, and public health in the 1996 federal budget. The shutdowns lasted from November 14 through November 19, 1995, and from December 16, 1995, to January 6, 1996, for 5 and 21 days.

## Shutdowns

The first shutdown happened after Clinton vetoed the spending bill the Republican-controlled Congress sent him, as Clinton did not support the budget cuts favored by Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich and other Republicans. The first budget shutdown ended after Congress passed a temporary budget bill, but the government shut down again after Republicans and Democrats were unable to agree on a long-term budget bill. The second shutdown ended with congressional Republicans accepting Clinton's budget proposal. The first of the two shutdowns caused the furlough of about 800,000 workers, while the second caused about 284,000 workers to be furloughed.

## Effect

Polling generally showed that most respondents blamed congressional Republicans for the shutdowns, and Clinton's handling of the shutdowns helped his successful campaign in the 1996 presidential election. The second of the two shutdowns was the longest government shutdown in U.S. history until the 2018–2019 government shutdown passed it in January 2019.

## More readings

- CRS Report for Congress: Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects
Embreville

**Embreville** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Embreville
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Embreville1.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Embreville (Somme).svg
- **arrondissement**: Abbeville
- **canton**: Gamaches
- **insee**: 80265
- **postal code**: 80570
- **mayor**: Daniel Cave
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Villes Sœurs
- **elevation m**: 117
- **elevation min m**: 65
- **elevation max m**: 119
- **area km2**: 5.33
Ennemain

**Ennemain** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Ennemain
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Ennemain (Somme) France.JPG
- **arrondissement**: Péronne
- **canton**: Ham
- **insee**: 80267
- **postal code**: 80200
- **mayor**: Patrice Grimaux
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Est de la Somme
- **elevation m**: 75
- **elevation min m**: 47
- **elevation max m**: 86
- **area km2**: 6.44
Épaumesnil

**Épaumesnil** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Épaumesnil
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Epaumesnil église 1.jpg
- **arrondissement**: Amiens
- **canton**: Poix-de-Picardie
- **insee**: 80269
- **postal code**: 80140
- **mayor**: André Simon
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Somme Sud-Ouest
- **elevation m**: 60
- **elevation min m**: 68
- **elevation max m**: 129
- **area km2**: 4.74
Épécamps

**Épécamps** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

The commune is the smallest village by population in the department.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Épécamps
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Epécamps (2).JPG
- **arrondissement**: Amiens
- **canton**: Doullens
- **insee**: 80270
- **postal code**: 80370
- **mayor**: Jean Deramecourt
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Territoire Nord Picardie
- **elevation m**: 136
- **elevation min m**: 75
- **elevation max m**: 146
- **area km2**: 1.6
Épehy

**Épehy** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Épehy
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Eglise Epehy2.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Épehy (Somme).svg
- **arrondissement**: Péronne
- **canton**: Péronne
- **insee**: 80271
- **postal code**: 80740
- **mayor**: Jean-Michel Martin
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Haute Somme
- **elevation m**: 141
- **elevation min m**: 99
- **elevation max m**: 147
- **area km2**: 17.33
Épénancourt

**Épénancourt** is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Épénancourt
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Epénancourt (Somme) France (4).JPG
- **arrondissement**: Péronne
- **canton**: Ham
- **insee**: 80272
- **postal code**: 80190
- **mayor**: Pascal Blondelle
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Est de la Somme
- **elevation m**: 60
- **elevation min m**: 50
- **elevation max m**: 92
- **area km2**: 3.5
Shija Laioibi

**Shija Laioibi** or **Sija Laioibi** (literally, _"a princess who became a goddess"_ or _"a princess who looks after a God"_), also known as **Shija Lailotpi** or **Bimbabati**, is the daughter of King Rajarshi Bhagyachandra and the princess of Medieval Manipur. She is said to be the dancer of the Manipuri Rasa Leela dance in the premise of the Shri Govindaji Temple, notably by wearing the potloi, for the first time in the history of Manipur. She remained to be a spinster for her whole life, dedicating herself as the spiritual consort (or "female devotee") of Hindu God Krishna, for which she earned the title "Mirabai of the Hindu Manipuris". She is a popular figure in the Manipuri Vaishnavism. Later, she ended her life in Nabadwip, the birthplace of Lord Chaitanya.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Shija Laioibi
- **title**: Shija Lailotpi
- **birth name**: Bimbabati
- **birth place**: Medieval Manipur, Medieval Manipur kingdom
- **house**: Ningthouja dynasty
- **religion**: Manipuri Vaishnavism
- **occupation**: Princess of Medieval Manipur, Manipur Kingdom
- **father**: Ching Thang Khomba, Bhagyachandra Jai Singh
Brioux-sur-Boutonne

**Brioux-sur-Boutonne** is a commune. It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Deux-Sèvres department in west France.
The Famous Paparazzo

***The Famous Paparazzo*** () is a 1999 Romanian action drama movie directed by Nicolae Mărgineanu and starring Marcel Iureș, Maria Ploae, Gheorghe Dinică, Draga Olteanu Matei, Alexandru Repan, Gheorghe Visu, Vlad Ivanov, George Alexandru, Valentin Teodosiu.
Chef-Boutonne

**Chef-Boutonne** is a commune. It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Deux-Sèvres department in west France. On 1 January 2019, the former communes of La Bataille, Crézières and Tillou were merged into the commune of Chef-Boutonne.
La Bataille

**La Bataille** is a former commune. It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Deux-Sèvres department in west France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Chef-Boutonne.
Crézières

**Crézières** is a former commune. It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Deux-Sèvres department in west France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Chef-Boutonne.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Crézières
- **image**: Crézières 1.jpg
- **arrondissement**: Niort
- **canton**: Melle
- **insee**: 79107
- **postal code**: 79110
- **commune**: Chef-Boutonne
- **elevation m**: 85
- **elevation min m**: 96
- **elevation max m**: 149
- **area km2**: 4.25
- **population**: 38
- **population date**: 2017
Tillou

**Tillou** is a former commune. It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Deux-Sèvres department in west France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Chef-Boutonne.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Tillou
- **image**: Eglise-saint-sulpice tillou 12-02-2015 2.jpg
- **arrondissement**: Niort
- **canton**: Melle
- **insee**: 79330
- **postal code**: 79110
- **commune**: Chef-Boutonne
- **elevation m**: 112
- **elevation min m**: 78
- **elevation max m**: 133
- **area km2**: 10.04
- **population**: 336
- **population date**: 2017
Mauzé-Thouarsais

**Mauzé-Thouarsais** is a former commune. It is in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Deux-Sèvres department in west France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Thouars.
Better Days (movie)

***Better Days*** () is a 2019 Hong Kong Chinese romantic crime drama movie directed by Derek Tsang and was based on the novel _In His Youth, In Her Beauty_ by Jiu Yuexi. It stars Zhou Dongyu, Jackson Yee, Huang Jue, Wu Yue, Zhou Ye and was nominated for an Academy Award in 2021.
A Rumor of Love

***A Rumor of Love*** (also known as ***The Love Rumor***; , translit. _Eshaet Hob_ or _Ishayat hub_) is a 1960 Egyptian romantic comedy movie directed by Fatin Abdel Wahab and starring Omar Sharif, Soad Hosny, Youssef Wahbi, Ehsan Sherif, Gamal Ramses.
Appropriations bill (United States)

In the United States Congress, an **appropriations bill** is legislation to legally allow federal funds to specific federal government departments, agencies and programs. The money provides funding for operations, personnel, equipment and activities.
Federal City Council

**Federal City Council** is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that promotes economic development in the city of Washington, D.C., in the United States.  It was created on September 13, 1954, it is one of the most powerful private groups in the city.

The group supports the building of Southwest D.C., the construction of the Washington Metro subway system, the construction of the city's first and second convention centers, the construction of the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center, and the construction of the Verizon Center.
World War II Memorial

The **World War II Memorial** is a memorial dedicated to Americans who served in the armed forces and as civilians during World War II.

It has 56 pillars, representing U.S. states and territories, and a pair of small triumphal arches for the Atlantic and Pacific theaters, surrounding an oval plaza and fountain, it sits on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.. It is on the former site of the Rainbow Pool at the eastern end of the Reflecting Pool, between the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument.

It was opened on April 29, 2004 and was dedicated by President George W. Bush on May 29, 2004. More than 4.6 million people visited the memorial in 2018.
Bipartisan Policy Center

The **Bipartisan Policy Center** (**BPC**) is a Washington, D.C.–based think tank that promotes bipartisanship. The organization wants to combine ideas from both the Republican and Democratic parties to fix challenges in the United States. BPC was founded in 2007 by former Senate Majority Leaders Howard Baker, Tom Daschle, Bob Dole, and George J. Mitchell. As of 2021, the founding and current president is Jason Grumet.
Bipartisanship

**Bipartisanship**, sometimes referred to as **nonpartisanship**, is a political issue, usually when there is a two-party system (especially those of the United States), in which opposing political parties find common ground through compromise.
Commission on Presidential Debates

The **Commission on Presidential Debates** (**CPD**) is a nonprofit corporation created in 1987 under the joint sponsorship of the Democratic and Republican political parties in the United States. The CPD sponsors and produces debates for U.S. presidential and vice-presidential candidates with research and educational activities relating to the debates.

It has run all of the presidential debates held since 1988, except for 2024. The commission's debates are sponsored by private funding and donations from foundations and corporations as well as fees from hosting institutions.

In 2024, both incumbent Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden and former Republican president Donald Trump criticized the CPD and instead sought new debates, even when Biden dropped out and Vice President Kamala Harris took his place, the CPD still could not find a debate.

## 2024 debates

In early 2022, the Republican National Committee (RNC) said it planned to amend the Republican Party Bylaws to prohibit Republican presidential candidates from participating in debates sponsored by the CPD, removing traditional commission debates. The RNC unanimously passed the amendment to remove the CPD from office in April 2022 due to its "biased".

In November 2023, the CPD released its debate plan for the 2024 U.S. presidential election, with three presidential debates from September 16, October 1, and October 9, 2024 and a vice presidential debate to be held on September 25, 2024. Despite this, both the Joe Biden and Donald Trump campaigns criticized the plan, concerned that the debates would be held too late in the campaign season.

Both the Trump and Biden campaigns have tried to avoid CPD debates, choosing other venues (CNN and ABC) instead, breaking the traditional commission debates, overshadowing future CPD debates. In June 2024, CPD announced that it would be dropping its previously selected venues, adding that "CPD is prepared to sponsor the 2024 debates if circumstances change."
Public service announcement

A **public service announcement** (**PSA**) is a message given to the public about issues without charge. The goal is raising awareness of, and changing public opinion towards, a social issue. In the UK, they are generally called 'public information films' (PIFs). They became popular during World War II.
Presidential Citizens Medal

The **Presidential Citizens Medal** is an award given by the President of the United States. It is the second-highest civilian award in the United States, behind the Presidential Medal of Freedom. It was created by executive order on November 13, 1969, by President Richard Nixon, it honors an individual "who has performed exemplary deeds or services for his or her country or fellow citizens."

Only United States citizens are eligible for the medal, which may be awarded posthumously.

Teachers Rachel Davino, Anne Marie Murphy, Lauren Rousseau, and Victoria Soto and school administrators Mary Sherlach and Dawn Hochsprung, who died in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting defending their students, were jointly awarded the 2012 Citizens Medal posthumously.
National Flag Decoration

The **National Flag Decoration** () is one of the highest decorations to be given in Albania, among the civil awards and decorations. It was created on 28 March 1996.

This award is given to Albanians or foreigners for extraordinary contributions to Albania.

## Infobox (order)

- **title**: National Flag Decoration
- **image**:
- **awarded by**: the President of Albania
- **type**: Order (decoration), Order
- **eligibility**: Albanians, Foreign nationals
- **for**: "As a token of gratitude and recognition for those  who by their acts and good name contribute to honoring the Albanian nation."
- **status**: Currently awarded
- **head**: Excellency, His Excellency the President of Albania
- **head2 title**: Chancellor
- **head2**: His Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs (Albania), Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **date**: 28 March 1996
- **image2**:
- **caption2**: Ribbon bar
Hong Nam-ki

**Hong Nam-ki** (; born 29 July 1960) is a South Korean politician. He was the Minister of Economy and Finance and Deputy Prime Minister of South Korea under President Moon Jae-in from November 2018 to May 2022.

In April 2021, Hong became the Acting Prime Minister following the resignation of Chung Sye-kyun.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Hong Nam-ki
- **image**: Hong Nam-ki, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Finance.jpg
- **office**: Prime Minister of South Korea
- **status**: Acting
- **term start**: 17 April 2021
- **term end**: 14 May 2021
- **president**: Moon Jae-in
- **predecessor**: Chung Sye-kyun
- **successor**: Kim Boo-kyum
- **office1**: Deputy Prime Minister of South Korea
- **alongside1**: Yoo Eun-hae
- **term start1**: 11 December 2018
- **term end1**: 10 May 2022
- **primeminister1**: Lee Nak-yeon
Chung Sye-kyun
- **predecessor1**: Kim Dong-yeon
- **successor1**: Choo Kyung-ho
- **office2**: Ministry of Economy and Finance (South Korea), Minister of Economy and Finance
- **term start2**: 11 December 2018
- **term end2**: 10 May 2022
- **president2**: Moon Jae-in
- **primeminister2**: Lee Nak-yeon
Chung Sye-kyun
- **predecessor2**: Kim Dong-yeon
- **successor2**: Choo Kyung-ho
- **office3**: Office for Government Policy Coordination, Minister for Government Policy Coordination
- **president3**: Moon Jae-in
- **primeminister3**: Lee Nak-yeon
- **term start3**: 11 May 2017
- **term end3**: 9 November 2018
- **predecessor3**: Lee Seok-jun
- **successor3**: Noh Hyeong-ouk
- **office4**: Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, 1st Vice Minister of Science, ICT and Future Planning
- **term start4**: 18 January 2016
- **term end4**: 10 May 2017
- **president4**: Park Geun-hye
- **primeminister4**: Hwang Kyo-ahn
- **predecessor4**: Lee Seok-joon
- **successor4**: Min Won-ki
- **birth place**: Chuncheon, Gangwon Province (South Korea), Gangwon, South Korea
- **relatives**: _See Namyang Hong clan_
- **alma mater**: Hanyang University
University of Salford


## Infobox (korean name)

- **rr**: Hong Nam-gi
- **mr**: Hong Namki
Kim Boo-kyum

**Kim Boo-kyum** (; born 21 January 1958) is a South Korean activist and politician. He was the 43rd Prime Minister of South Korea from 2021 until 2022. He was the former Minister of Interior and Safety from 2017 to 2019. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

He also was the Member of the National Assembly for Suseong 1st constituency from 2016 to 2020 and for Gunpo from 2000 to 2012.

## Infobox (korean name)

- **rr**: Gim Bugyeom
- **mr**: Kim Pugyŏm
- **child**: yes


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Kim Boo-kyum - 20170119 k.jpg
- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Kim Boo-kyum
- **native name lang**: ko
- **office1**: 43rd Prime Minister of South Korea
- **president1**: Moon Jae-in
Yoon Suk-yeol
- **deputy1**: Yoo Eun-hae
Hong Nam-ki
- **term start1**: 14 May 2021
- **term end1**: 11 May 2022
- **predecessor1**: Chung Sye-kyun
Hong Nam-ki <small>(acting)</small>
- **successor1**: Han Duck-soo
Choo Kyung-ho
- **office2**: Ministry of the Interior and Safety (South Korea), Minister of the Interior and Safety
- **term start2**: 16 June 2017
- **term end2**: 6 April 2019
- **primeminister2**: Lee Nak-yeon
- **predecessor2**: Hong Yoon-shik
- **successor2**: Chin Young
- **office3**: Member of the National Assembly of South Korea, National Assembly
- **term start3**: 30 May 2016
- **term end3**: 29 May 2020
- **predecessor3**: Lee Hahn-koo
- **successor3**: Joo Ho-young
- **constituency3**: Suseong District, Suseong A (Daegu)
- **term start4**: 30 May 2000
- **term end4**: 29 May 2012
- **constituency4**: Gunpo
- **predecessor4**: Lew Seon-ho
- **successor4**: Lee Hack-young
- **birth place**: Sangju, North Gyeongsang Province, North Gyeongsang, South Korea
- **citizenship**: South Korean
- **party**: Democratic Party of Korea, Democratic
- **otherparty**: Hankyoreh Democratic Party, HDP <small>(1988–1991)</small>
Democratic Party (South Korea, 1991), Democratic <small>(1991–1995)</small>
United Democratic Party (South Korea, 1995), UDP <small>(1995–1997)</small>
Grand National Party, GNP <small>(1997–2003)</small>
Independent politician, Independent <small>(2003; 2007)</small>
Uri Party, Uri <small>(2003–2007)</small>
Grand Unified Democratic New Party, GUDNP <small>(2007–2008)</small>
Democratic Party (South Korea, 2008), UDP <small>(2008)</small>
Democratic Party (South Korea, 2008), Democratic <small>(2008–2011)</small>
Democratic Party (South Korea, 2011), DUP <small>(2011–2013)</small>
Democratic Party (South Korea, 2011), Democratic <small>(2013–2014)</small>
New Politics Alliance for Democracy, NPAD <small>(2014–2015)</small>
- **alma mater**: Seoul National University
- **occupation**: Activist, politician+
- **signature**: Kim Boo-kyum signature.svg
Shaun Bailey, Baron Bailey of Paddington

**Shaun Sharif Bailey, Baron Bailey of Paddington** (born May 1971) is a British politician. He has been a member of the London Assembly since 2016. He is a member of the Conservative Party. He was the party's candidate for Mayor of London in the 2021 election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: The Lord Bailey of Paddington
- **image**: Shaun Bailey 2019 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Bailey in 2019
- **office**: Members of the House of Lords, Member of the House of Lords
Lords Temporal, Lord Temporal
- **term start**: 10 July 2023
Life peerage
- **office1**: London Assembly, Member of the London Assembly
- **term start1**: 6 May 2016
- **birth name**: Shaun Sharif Bailey
- **birth place**: North Kensington, London, England
- **party**: Conservative Party (UK), Conservative
- **spouse**: Ellie Bailey
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: London South Bank University
Ruffle (software)

***Ruffle*** is an open source program that runs Flash content. It is written in Rust. The emulator can be ran on Windows, macOS, Linux or major web browsers.

## Background

Adobe Flash was very popular to use for many types of media, such as videos, games and interactive applications, in the 2000s and early 2010s.

HTML5, a version of HTML which does these things better, slowly made Flash less popular. From 2015, Adobe has openly said HTML5 is better because it is a full open standard. Flash continued to become less popular. In 2017, Adobe said they plan to retire Flash by 2020.

It is often not recommended to create Flash content now, but being able to run old SWF files has been a major digital preservation worry.

Google Labs closed Swiffy, which could convert Flash content to HTML5, in 2016.

## History

In 2016, Mike Welsh started the project, which was named Fluster.

_Ruffle_ is open source. Its source code is available on GitHub.

## Websites using _Ruffle_

Some websites have said they will use _Ruffle_ instead of Flash as early as 2019. For example:
- August 2019 - Newgrounds
- June 2020 - Coolmath Games
- November 2020 - Homestar Runner
- November 2020 - Internet Archive
- December 2020 - Armor Games
- February 2021 - Fur Affinity, a furry fandom art website

## Support

_Ruffle_ can run older Flash content, which uses ActionScript 1.0 or ActionScript 2.0. ActionScript 3.0 support will come.

## Related pages

- Haxe
- Mozilla Shumway
- Lightspark
- HTML5

## Other websites

- https://ruffle-rs/ruffle on GitHub
- https://github.com/ruffle-rs/ruffle/tree/master/desktop Ruffle Desktop Client on GitHub
- https://github.com/ruffle-rs/ruffle/tree/master/web Ruffle Web Client on GitHub

## Infobox (software)

- **title**: Ruffle
- **name**: Ruffle
- **screenshot**: Ruffle Web Demo screenshot.png
- **logo**: Ruffle vector logo.svg
- **logo caption**: Logo
- **developer**: Mike Welsh
kmeisthax
Nathan Adams (programmer), Nathan "Dinnerbone" Adams
Callum Thomson
relrelb
- **programming language**: Rust (programming language), Rust
- **genre**: Multimedia
- **license**: MIT license, Apache License 2.0
Margaret Pomeranz

**Margaret Pomeranz** (née Jones-Owen; born 14 July 1944) is an Australian anti-censorship critic, television personality writer and  She was held by police at the 2003 protest screening of the controversial movie _Ken Park_. The movie was banned in Australia due to its portraying underage sexual activity.

Pomeranz had an uncredited role in the movie _The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert_ in 1994.

Margaret Pomeranz was born in Waverley, a suburb of Sydney in New South Wales.
Merida tree frog

The **Merida tree frog** (_Dendropsophus meridensis_) is a frog that lives in Colombia.  Scientists have seen it between 2200 and 3400 meters above sea level.
Periostracum

**Periostracum** is a thin coat or skin on the outside of the shells of molluscs, brachiopods and other animals with shells.
Castel Focognano

**Castel Focognano** is a _comune_ in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany.
Castel San Niccolò

**Castel San Niccolò** is a _comune_ in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany.
Jerago con Orago

**Jerago con Orago** is a _comune_ in the Province of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy.
Castiglion Fibocchi

**Castiglion Fibocchi** is a _comune_ in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany.
Cavriglia

**Cavriglia** is a _comune_ in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany.
Chitignano

**Chitignano** is a _comune_ in the Province of Arezzo in the Italian region of Tuscany.