March

**March** (Mar.) is the third month of the year in the Gregorian calendar, coming between February and April. It has 31 days. March is named after Mars, the Roman god of war.

March always begins on the same day of the week as November, and additionally, February in common years.  March always ends on the same day of the week as June.

## The month

In ancient Rome, March was called Martius. It was named after the war god (Mars) and the Romans thought that it was a lucky time to begin a war. Before Julius Caesar's calendar reform, March was the first month of the year in the Roman calendar, as the winter was considered to be a monthless period. It is one of seven months to have 31 days.

March begins on the same day of the week as February in common years and November every year, as each other's first days are exactly 4 weeks (28 days) and 35 weeks (245 days) apart respectively. March ends on the same day of the week as June every year, as each other's last days are exactly 13 weeks (91 days) apart.

In common years, March starts on the same day of the week as June of the previous year, and in leap years, September and December of the previous year. In common years, March finishes on the same day of the week as September of the previous year, and in leap years, April and December of the previous year.

In years immediately before common years, March starts on the same day of the week as August of the following year, and in years immediately before leap years, May of the following year. In years immediately before common years, March finishes on the same day of the week as August and November of the following year, and in years immediately before leap years, May of the following year.

In leap years, the day before March 1 is February 29. This determines the position of each day of the year from there on. As an example, March 1 is usually the 60th day of the year, but in a leap year is the 61st day.

In terms of seasons, March is one of two months to have an equinox (the other is September, its seasonal equivalent in both  hemispheres), with daylight and darkness of roughly the same number of hours, halfway between the December and June solstices. In the Northern Hemisphere, spring starts in this month, while it is autumn in the Southern Hemisphere.

## Start of the season

The official start of either season is March 1, though the equinox can fall on March 20 or 21, occasionally on March 19. The northern spring equinox marks the start of the Iranian New Year and Baha'i New Year. It is from the March 21 date that Easter's date is calculated, on the Sunday after the first full moon in spring, meaning it can fall between March 22 and April 25 in Western Christianity.

### Fixed events

- March 1 – Saint David's Day (Wales)
- March 1 – March 1st Movement Memorial Day (South Korea)
- March 1 – Beer Day (Iceland)
- March 1 – Independence Day (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
- March 2 – Independence Day (Morocco)
- March 2 – Texas Independence Day
- March 2 – jana day (Algeria)
- March 2 – Peasants Day (Burma)
- March 3 – Hinamatsuri, Girls' Day (Japan)
- March 3 – Liberation Day (Bulgaria)
- March 3 – Mother's Day (Georgia)
- March 3 – Sportsmen's Day (Egypt)
- March 3 – Martyrs' Day (Malawi)
- March 4 – Saint Casimir's Day (Poland and Lithuania)
- March 5 – Custom Chief's Day (Vanuatu)
- March 5 – Lei Feng Day (China)
- March 5 – National Tree Planting Day (Iran)
- March 5 – Saint Piran's Day (Cornwall)
- March 6 – Independence Day (Ghana)
- March 6 – Alamo Day (Texas)
- March 6 – Foundation Day (Norfolk Island)
- March 7 – Felicity and Perpetua (Roman Catholicism)
- March 7 – Teachers' Day (Albania)
- March 8 – International Women's Day
- March 9 – Teachers' Day (Lebanon)
- March 10 – Tibetan Uprising Day (Supporters of Tibetan Independence)
- March 11 – Re-establishment of Independence (Lithuania)
- March 11 – Moshoeshoe Day (Lesotho)
- March 11 – Johnny Appleseed Day (United States)
- March 12 – National Day of Mauritius
- March 12 – Youth Day (Zambia)
- March 14 – Pi Day
- March 14 – Mother Tongue Day (Estonia)
- March 14 – White Day (Japan and Korea)
- March 15 – The _Ides of March_, and the assassination of Julius Caesar.
- March 15 – National Day of Hungary
- March 15 – Holiday in Liberia, celebrating its first President, Joseph Jenkins Roberts
- March 15 – Honen Matsuri (Japan)
- March 16 – Saint Urho's Day (Finnish Communities in Canada and the US)
- March 16 – Latvian Legion Day
- March 16 – Day of the Book Smugglers (Lithuania)
- March 17 – Saint Patrick's Day, celebrating Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland
- March 19 – Saint Joseph's Day (Roman Catholicism)
- March 19 – Unity Day (Kashubia, northern Poland)
- March 20/21 – Equinox, northern Spring, southern Autumn
- March 20/21 – Iranian New Year
- March 20 – Independence Day (Tunisia)
- March 20 – Francophone Day
- March 21 – Baha'i New Year
- March 21 – Independence Day (Namibia)
- March 21 – Benito Juarez' Birthday (Mexico)
- March 21 – World Poetry Day
- March 21 – Youth Day (Tunisia)
- March 21 – Harmony Day (Australia)
- March 21 – Human Rights Day (South Africa)
- March 21 – World Down syndrome Day
- March 22 – World Water Day
- March 22 – Emancipation Day (Puerto Rico)
- March 22 – Day of the People's Party (Laos)
- March 23 – Republic Day (Pakistan)
- March 23 – Polish-Hungarian Friendship Day
- March 23 – Family Day (South Africa)
- March 24 – World Tuberculosis Day
- March 24 – Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice (Argentina)
- March 25 – Independence Day (Greece)
- March 25 – Maryland Day
- March 25 – Mother's Day (Slovenia)
- March 25 – Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Roman Catholicism), also known as Lady Day, old New Year in some European countries
- March 26 – Independence Day (Bangladesh)
- March 26 – Prince Kuhio Day (Hawaii)
- March 26 – Prophet Zoroaster's Birthday (Zoroastrianism)
- March 26 – Day of Democracy (Mali)
- March 28 – Serfs Emancipation Day (Tibet)
- March 28 – Teachers' Day (Czech Republic and Slovakia)
- March 29 – Boganda Day (Central African Republic)
- March 29 – Youth Day (Republic of China)
- March 31 – Cesar Chavez Day (United States)
- March 31 – Freedom Day (Malta)

### Moveable events

- On a Sunday between March 1 and April 4, _Mother's Day_ is celebrated in the UK.
- Lent and Easter-related observances in Western Christianity.
    - Shrove Monday – between February 2 and March 8
    - Shrove Tuesday (Pancake Day) – between February 3 and March 9
    - Ash Wednesday, start of Lent; between February 4 and March 10
    - Palm Sunday, start of Holy Week; between March 15 and April 18
    - Maundy Thursday – between March 19 and April 22
    - Good Friday – between March 20 and April 23
    - Easter occurs on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25 (note: In Eastern Christianity, Easter falls between April 4 and May 8).
    - Easter Monday – between March 23 and April 26
- Jewish Passover coincides with Christian Holy Week, earliest run is March 15 to March 22, latest run is April 18 to April 25.
- Commonwealth Day (second Monday in March)
- Canberra Day (Second Monday in March)
- Daylight Saving Time
    - Canada and the United States start Daylight Saving Time on the second Sunday in March. Clocks go forward one hour.
    - European Summer Time begins on the last Sunday in March. Clocks go forward one hour.
- The Winter Paralympics are often held in this month.
- Six Nations – rugby union tournament running from early February to mid-March, competing countries are England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales
- Start of the Formula One motor racing season

## Selection of historical events

- March 1, 1872 – Yellowstone National Park becomes the world's first national park.
- March 1, 1910 – An avalanche buries a train in northeastern King County, Washington.
- March 1, 1919 – The March 1st Movement begins in Korea.
- March 1, 1936 – The Hoover Dam is completed.
- March 2, 1956 – Morocco declares its independence from France.
- March 3, 1845 – Florida becomes the 27th State of the US.
- March 3, 1925 – The Mount Rushmore monument is founded, starting work on carving four Presidents' faces into the mountain.
- March 5, 1953 – Russian composer Sergei Prokofiev and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin die on the same day as each other.
- March 6, 1788 – The first fleet of convicts arrives at Norfolk Island.
- March 6, 1957 – Ghana becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
- March 7, 1867 – Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for the telephone.
- March 7, 1912 – Roald Amundsen announces that his Norwegian expedition successfully reached the South Pole on December 14 of the previous year.
- March 8, 1911 – First celebration of International Women's Day.
- March 8, 1918 – The first cases of the deadly Spanish flu virus are reported.
- March 8, 2014 – Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappears.
- March 9, 1908 – A five-man team climbs to the top of Mount Erebus in Antarctica.
- March 9, 1959 – The first Barbie dolls are sold.
- March 10, 1906 – A deadly mining disaster in Courrieres, France, kills 1,099 miners.
- March 10, 1957 – Osama bin Laden is born.
- March 10, 1977 – Astronomers discover rings around the planet Uranus.
- March 11, 1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev becomes leader of the Soviet Union.
- March 11, 1990 – Lithuania declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
- March 11, 2004 – Terrorists bomb rush-hour trains in Madrid, killing 191 people.
- March 11, 2011 – The 2011 Sendai earthquake and tsunami disaster kills  many thousands of people in northeastern Japan, after a magnitude 9.1 earthquake, tsunamis, and a nuclear disaster at Fukushima.
- March 12, 1913 – Canberra is officially named.
- March 12, 1930 – Mahatma Gandhi begins his Salt March, as part of the movement for Indian independence.
- March 12, 1968 – Mauritius becomes independent.
- March 13, 1781 – William Herschel discovers the planet Uranus.
- March 13, 1881 – Tsar Alexander II of Russia is murdered when a bomb is thrown at his carriage.
- March 13, 2013 – Pope Francis is chosen as Pope. Coming from Argentina, he is the first Latin American Pope.
- March 14, 1879 – Albert Einstein is born.
- March 14, 1883 – Karl Marx dies at the age of 64 years.
- March 14, 2018 – Stephen Hawking dies.
- March 15, 44 BC – Julius Caesar is murdered on the Ides of March.
- March 15, 1820 – At the easternmost tip of the US, Maine becomes the 23rd State.
- March 15, 1848 – Revolution in Pest, Hungary.
- March 15, 2019 – A terrorist shooting occurs in Christchurch, killing 49 Muslims.
- March 17, 1861 – Italy becomes a Kingdom, making Italy a unified state.
- March 17, 1959 – Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama flees to India.
- March 17, 1992 – A referendum in South Africa supports the end of Apartheid.
- March 18, 1965 – Aleksei Leonov performs the first spacewalk.
- March 19, 1932 – Sydney Harbour Bridge is opened.
- March 20, 526 – The 526 Antioch earthquake kills around 300,000 people in Syria and southeastern Turkey.
- March 20, 1861 – Mendoza, Argentina is destroyed by an earthquake that kills 6,000 people.
- March 20, 1956 – Tunisia becomes independent.
- March 20, 1995 – The Aum Shinrikyo cult carries out a deadly sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway.
- March 20, 2003 – Iraq War starts.
- March 21, 1844 – Start of the Baha'i calendar.
- March 21, 1960 – Sharpeville massacre: Police open fire on demonstrators in South Africa, killing 69 people.
- March 21, 1990 – Namibia becomes independent.
- March 21, 2006 – Twitter is founded.
- March 22, 1818 – Most recent occurrence of Easter on its earliest possible date.
- March 22, 1957 – The Arab League is founded.
- March 22, 1997 – Comet Hale-Bopp makes its closest approach to Earth.
- March 23, 1956 – Pakistan becomes an Islamic Republic.
- March 24, 1603 – Queen Elizabeth I of England dies aged 69, without children. James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England.
- March 24, 1989 – The Exxon Valdez oil tanker runs aground at Prince William Sound in Alaska, causing a devastating oil spill.
- March 25, 1655 – Christiaan Huygens discovers Saturn's moon Titan.
- March 25, 1821 – Greece declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
- March 25, 1957 – The European Economic Community is founded.
- March 26, 1830 – The Book of Mormon is published in Palmyra, New York.
- March 26, 1971 – Bangladesh's war of Independence starts.
- March 26, 1997 – Members of the Heaven's Gate cult commit mass suicide.
- March 27, 1964 – The Good Friday earthquake strikes south-central Alaska.
- March 28, 1939 – Spanish Civil War: Francisco Franco conquers Madrid.
- March 29, 1792 – King Gustav III of Sweden dies as a result of being shot at a masquerade ball.
- March 30, 1867 – United States Secretary of State agrees to purchase Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million.
- March 30, 1981 – John Hinckley shoots at Ronald Reagan in an attempt to kill him.
- March 31, 1889 – The Eiffel Tower is opened to the public.
- March 31, 1968 – US President Lyndon B. Johnson announces that he intends not to run for re-election.
- March 31, 1995 – American singer Selena is shot and killed by her former manager and friend of her boutiques, Yolanda Saldivar.

## Trivia

- March's flower is the daffodil.
- March's birthstones are the bloodstone and aquamarine. The meaning of the bloodstone is courage.
- The star signs for March are Pisces (February 20 to March 20) and Aries (March 21 to April 20).
- March is one of two months of the year that begin with an 'M' in the English language (May is the other). Both have an 'A' as their second letter, and they come on either side of April.
- March 1 is the only day in March to start within the first sixth of the calendar year.
- It is less common for Easter to occur in March than in April. Recent occurrences in March were in 2002 (March 31), 2005 (March 27), 2008 (March 23), 2013 (March 31), 2016 (March 27) and 2024 (March 31)
- March is named for Mars, the Roman god of war, and is called "mars" in some languages. This is also where the planet Mars gets its name from.

## Other meanings

- A **march** is also a type of music, originally written for and performed by marching bands.
- March also refers to a certain way of walking.
- March is also the name of a place in Germany.
- There is an animal known as the March hare.