juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Thomas Norton

**Thomas Norton** (1532 – 10 March 1584) was a lawyer, a statesman, and a politician who wrote _Gorboduc_, the first English tragedy in blank verse.

Norton was born in London to Thomas Norton, a merchant, and Elizabeth Merry Norton. He went to the University of Cambridge. In 1556, he studied law. He was a Member of Parliament. He was a Calvinist, and tortured Catholics. The English bishops grew to dislike him. He was charged with treason and sent to the Tower of London. He was soon released, but his health had grown poor. In March 1584, he died in his Bedfordshire home.

Norton began to write sonnets and other poems when he was 18. In 1560, he wrote the earliest English tragedy in blank verse, _Gorboduc_, with Thomas Sackville. He wrote many anti-Catholic pamphlets.  He also translated John Calvin's _Institutes_ (1561) and Alexander Nowell's _Catechism_ (1570).
Mary Carlisle

**Mary Carlisle** (born **Gwendolyn L. Witter**; February 3, 1914 – August 1, 2018) was a retired American actress, dancer and singer. She was known for her roles in _Long Live the King_, _Madame Satan_, _College Humor_, _Double or Nothing_, and _Doctor Rhythm_.

Carlisle was born on February 3, 1914 in Boston, Massachusetts. She was married to James Blakeley from 1942 until his death in 2007. They had one child. In 2010, aged 98, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Carlisle became the last known sole surviving "WAMPAS Baby Star".

Carlisle died on August 1, 2018 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles at the age of 104.

## Other websites

- Photographs of Mary Carlisle

## Infobox (actress)

- **name**: Mary Carlisle
- **image**: Mary Carlisle modern138.jpg
- **birth name**: Gwendolyn Witter
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **resting place**: Westwood Memorial Park
- **years active**: 1923–1943
- **occupation**: Actress, singer, dancer
- **children**: 1
José Manuel Rodríguez Vazquez

**José Manuel Rodríguez Vazquez** (born September 2, 1980 in Cádiz) is a boccia player from Spain.  He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC3 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics  in the two person game and finished second. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.
Division of Wilmot

The **Division of Wilmot** was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Tasmania. It was located in central Tasmania. At various times it included the towns of Deloraine,  Beaconsfield, Devonport, Latrobe and New Norfolk.

The Division was named after Sir John Eardley-Wilmot, the sixth Lieutenant-Governor of Tasmania. It was set up for the 1903 election. The division was abolished in 1984, and new boundaries were created. Much of the area is now included in the Division of Lyons.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Sir Edward Braddon|Free Trade|1903–1904||
|||rowspan="2"|Norman Cameron|Free Trade|1904–1906|
|||Independent|1906–1906|||
|||rowspan="5"|Llewellyn Atkinson|Anti-Socialist|1906–1909|
|||Commonwealth Liberal|1909–1917|||
|||Nationalist|1917–1921|||
|||Country|1921–1928|||
|||Nationalist|1928–1929|||
|||rowspan="2"|Joseph Lyons|Labor|1929–1931|
|||United Australia|1931–1939|||
|||Lancelot Spurr|Labor|1939–1940||
|||Allan Guy|United Australia|1940–1946||
|||Gil Duthie|Labor|1946–1975||
|||Max Burr|Liberal|1975–1984||

The most famous member was Joseph Lyons, a Premier of Tasmania, who later became the 10th Prime Minister of Australia. Lyons died while still in office, and a by-election was held for the Division in 1939.

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Wilmot
- **state**: tas
- **created**: 1903
- **abolished**: 1984
- **namesake**: Sir John Eardley-Wilmot, 1st Baronet, John Eardley-Wilmot
Olaudah Equiano

**Olaudah Equiano** (c. 1745 – 31 March 1797) also known as **Gustavus Vassa or Graves**, was an important African involved in the British movement for the abolition of the slave trade. He was made a slave when he was a child but was later able to buy his freedom. He worked as an author, merchant, and explorer in South America, the Caribbean, the Arctic, the American colonies, and the United Kingdom, where he settled by 1792. In his autobiography, _The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano_, he wrote about the horrors of slavery. This influenced the passing of the Slave Trade Act of 1807.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Olaudah Equiano
- **image**: Olaudah Equiano - Project Gutenberg eText 15399.png
- **birth date**: 1745
- **birth place**: Essaka, Benin Empire (claimed)
- **death date**: 31 March 1797 (aged 51-52)
- **death place**: Westminster, London
- **other names**: Gustavus Vassa, Graves
- **known for**: Influence over British abolitionists; The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, his autobiography
- **occupation**: Explorer, writer, merchant, slave, abolitionist
- **spouse**: Susannah Cullen
- **children**: Joanna Vassa and Anna Maria Vassa
Tasman Island

**Tasman Island** is a small island in south-eastern Australia. It is part of Tasmania. It has an area of , and consists of a plateau surrounded by steep cliffs. The plateau is about  above sea level, the highest point on the island is about  above sea level. In 1905, a lighthouse was built on the island; there is also a weather station. Since 1977, the lighthouse is automatic, and no longer requires people to be on the island. The island is named after Abel Tasman. It is part of Tasman National Park today.
José Vaquerizo Relucio

**José Vaquerizo Relucio** (born October 10, 1978 in Valencia) is a boccia player from Spain. He has not always had a job. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC1 type athlete.  He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third in the Team BC1-2 game.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **nationality**: Spain, Spanish
- **sport**: Boccia
- **show-medals**: yes
The Girl Can't Help It

***The Girl Can't Help It*** is a 1956 American romantic comedy musical movie. It stars Jayne Mansfield as Jerri Jordan. It was produced and directed by Frank Tashlin. It was based on the 1955 book _Do Re Mi_ by Garson Kanin. Musical stars Little Richard, The Platters, and others appear in the movie as themselves.

## Plot

Marty "Fats" Murdock, a slot machine mobster, hires press agent Tom Miller to promote his talentless girlfriend, Jerri Jordan, as a singer. Despite Miller's efforts to dissuade Murdock, he records Jordan singing a prison-themed song and promotes it to a rival in the jukebox industry. Suspicion arises about Miller and Jordan's relationship, but a manipulated phone conversation convinces Murdock otherwise. At Jordan's debut show, Murdock is targeted for assassination, but Miller saves him, and the success of their song leads to Murdock's signing. The film concludes with Miller and Jordan on their honeymoon as Murdock and his associate perform on TV.

## Other websites

- Four Christmases' Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Girl Can't Help It
- **caption**: original poster
- **writer**: Frank Tashlin
Herbert Baker (screenwriter), Herbert Baker
- **starring**: Tom Ewell
Jayne Mansfield
Edmond O'Brien
Henry Jones (actor), Henry Jones
Julie London
- **music**: Bobby Troup
- **director**: Frank Tashlin
- **producer**: Frank Tashlin
- **cinematography**: Leon Shamroy
- **editing**: James B. Clark (director), James B. Clark
- **distributor**: 20th Century Fox
- **runtime**: 99 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **budget**: $1,310,000
- **gross**: $2,800,000
- **language**: English
German papiermark

The **German Papiermark** (often just **Papiermark**) was the money of the Weimar Republic, from 1919 to 1923. On 15 November 1923 it was replaced by the Rentenmark, and in 1924, the Reichsmark became the official money. In 1914, the Gold standard was abolished; there was the First World War. The period when it was used was marked by a high inflation rate. At some time, the "millions" and billions of Mark were written in words, because there was not enough space on the paper.

The introduction of the Papiermark came after Germany faced severe economic challenges following World War I, including massive war reparations imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. The government printed large amounts of money to pay its debts, which triggered rapid and uncontrolled inflation. By late 1923, the value of the Papiermark had fallen drastically, leading to the famous hyperinflation crisis where prices could double within hours.

Everyday life was deeply affected: workers were paid daily because salaries quickly lost their value, and citizens often needed wheelbarrows full of banknotes to buy basic goods like bread. Businesses and savings were wiped out, and the middle class suffered enormous financial losses.

To stabilize the economy, the Rentenmark was introduced on 15 November 1923, backed by land and industrial assets rather than gold, restoring confidence in the currency. The subsequent adoption of the Reichsmark in August 1924 replaced the Papiermark permanently and marked the beginning of economic recovery.

The hyperinflation of the Papiermark era remains one of the most dramatic examples of monetary instability in history, illustrating the dangers of uncontrolled money printing and economic mismanagement. It has since become a key case study in economics and history courses worldwide.
Roberto Alcaide García

**Roberto Alcaide Garcia** (born March 22, 1978 in Madrid) is a cyclist from Spain.  He has a physical disability: He is a C4/LC2 type cyclist. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He was the first racer to finish in the Individual Pursuit track LC2 race.  He finished second in the Combined Road LC2 race. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics.  He was the second racer to finish in the Individual Pursuit track LC2 race.  He was the third racer to finish in the Road Trial LC2 race.  He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **image**: Gala Merito.jpg
- **name**: Roberto Alcaide García
- **nationality**: Spain, Spanish
- **sport**: Cycling
- **show-medals**: no
Promises! Promises!

***Promises! Promises!*** is a 1963 movie. It was the first Hollywood sound movie to feature a major star—Jayne Mansfield—in the nude. She was in three nude scenes that together lasted a bit over a minute.

_Playboy_ publisher Hugh Hefner was charged with obscenity when he printed nude photos of Mansfield on the set in his magazine. The movie was banned in some American cities. It was a big box office success in cities where it was shown.

## Story

Sandy Brooks (Jayne Mansfield) wants to get pregnant. Her husband Jeff (Tommy Noonan) is too stressed out with work to make love to her. They take a cruise, and meet another couple (Marie McDonald and Mickey Hargitay).

The four get drunk. They change partners when going to their rooms. Later, both women learn they're pregnant. They wonder whether the fathers are their own or the other's husband.

## Nude scenes

_Promises! Promises!_ was the first Hollywood sound movie to feature a big star in the nude.  For some, the nude scenes were the movie's main attraction.
 There are only three short nude scenes.

Together, these three scenes last a little bit over one minute. Mansfield was seen only topless in the movie, but the book _Hollywood Babylon_ shows her on the set completely nude. Her pubic hair can be seen.

## _Playboy_

In June 1963, _Playboy_ published a photo article about the movie. In the photos, Mansfield plays with one of her breasts. Publisher Hugh Hefner was arrested and charged with obscenity.  He was acquitted by the jury.

## Reception

_Promises! Promises!_ was banned in several American cities. Both the original movie and an edited version had box office success in places where it was not banned.

Mansfield was voted one of the Top 10 Box Office Attractions by theater owners that year. Movie critic Roger Ebert wrote about Mansfield, "Finally in _Promises! Promises!_ she does what no Hollywood star ever does except in desperation. She does a nudie. In 1963, that kind of box office appeal was all she had left."

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Promises! Promises!
- **image**: Promises promises poster 01.jpg
- **caption**: Movie poster
- **director**: King Donovan
- **producer**: Tommy Noonan
Donald F. Taylor
- **writer**: Tommy Noonan
William Welch
- **starring**: Jayne Mansfield
Marie McDonald
Tommy Noonan
Mickey Hargitay
- **music**: Hal Borne
- **cinematography**: Joseph F. Biroc
- **editing**: Edward Dutko
- **studio**: Tommy Noonan, Noonan-Taylor Productions
- **distributor**: NTD
- **runtime**: 75 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $400,000
Teacup

A **teacup** is a porcelain cup that is used to hold liquid for drinking. It is usually used for drinking tea. It is also used for drinking coffee or some other hot drink. A teacup has a handle on the side that stays cool when the rest of the cup is too hot to hold. It also has its own small plate to sit on, called a _saucer_.

These can be made from ceramic, clay, glass or even plastic. Usually, teacups are ceramic (made of porcelain) because it is safer. Teacups can also be made for decoration. If they are made for decoration, their owners might keep them on display and not actually use them.

Teacups are often decorated with patterns or pictures. Those painted by hand can be expensive. Some people collect decorated teacups as a hobby.

## Related pages

- Mug
Jiah Khan

**Jiah Khan** (born Nafisa Rizvi Khan, 20 February 1988 – 3 June 2013) was a British-American-Indian actress that appeared in movies for Bollywood.

Khan was born on 20 February 1988 into a Muslim family in New York City, New York. On 3 June 2013, she was found dead in her apartment in Sagar Sangeet building in Juhu, Mumbai after hanging herself.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jiah Khan
- **image**: Jiah Khan at Stardust Awards 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Khan at the Stardust Awards in January 2013
- **birth name**: Nafisa Rizvi Khan
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- **occupation**: Actress, singer
- **citizenship**: United Kingdom, British, United States, American
- **years active**: 2007–2013
Granbury, Texas

**Granbury** is a city in the American state of Texas. It is the county seat of Hood County, Texas.  As of the 2020 census, 10,958 people lived in Granbury. It is the main city of the Granbury micropolitan statistical area. The city is named after Confederate General Hiram B. Granbury.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Granbury, Texas
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Granbury June 2018 35 (Hood County Courthouse).jpg
- **image caption**: Hood County Courthouse Historic District, Hood County Courthouse in 2018
- **image map**: TXMap-doton-Granbury.PNG
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Granbury, Texas
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Hood County, Texas, Hood
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 43.95
- **area land km2**: 41.92
- **area water km2**: 2.03
- **area total sq mi**: 16.97
- **area land sq mi**: 16.18
- **area water sq mi**: 0.79
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 10958
- **population density km2**: 249.33
- **population density sq mi**: 645.73
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 735
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 76048-76049
- **area code**: Area code 817, 817
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-30416
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1336797
Air superiority fighter

An **air superiority fighter** is a fighter airplane. They are designed for close combat in the air against enemy fighters. This type of aircraft is very expensive Less of them are made than other types of fighters.

During World War II and the Korean War, fighters were divided by their roles. These roles included heavy fighter, interceptor, escort fighter and night fighter. When guided missiles were invented in the 1950s, new fighters were designed and made in two different kinds:
- Aircraft designed for fighting beyond the visual range (BVR) of the pilot. This kind of fighter is called an interceptor. They are not very common in modern militaries. This is because they were not the best designs available as technology got better. They often did  not have a gun They also had poo<nowiki/>r maneuverability. This was because they were not designed to get in a dogfight with the enemy fighters. This kind of fighter has long range air-to-air missiles and a very strong radar. An example of an interceptor is the F-4 Phantom
- Aircraft designed for fighting within visual range are dogfighters. This kind of fighter has weapons such as guns and short range missiles for close combat. This kind of fighter has a very good maneuverability. These aircraft are also not very common anymore. This is because advancements in technology made long-range air-to-air missiles better for combat. An example of a dogfighter is the F-5 Tiger.
- Aircraft designed to fight in both beyond visual range and within visual range. These aircraft are the most common fighters today. They have both long and short range missiles,. They also have a powerful cannon. They are often very maneuverable. An example of this type of fighter is the F-22 Raptor.

## Examples of air superiority fighters

|Country|Aircraft examples|
| --- | --- |
|France|*Mirage III *Mirage F1|
|Russia|*Su-27 *MiG-29 Fulcrum *Su-30MKI|
|United States|*F-22 Raptor *F-14 Tomcat *F-15 Eagle|

## Related pages

- Fighter aircraft
José Andres Blanco Sánchez

**Jose Andres Blanco Sanchez** (born April 13, 1958 in Madrid) is a cyclist from Spain.  He has a disability: He is a type LC3 cyclist. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  He finished second in the Individual Pursuit track LC3 race. He finished third in the Road LC3 race.
Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?

***Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?*** is a 1957 movie. It stars Jayne Mansfield, Tony Randall, Mickey Hargitay, and Groucho Marx in a cameo appearance. It was produced and directed by Frank Tashlin. He also wrote the screenplay, using little more than the title and the character of Rita Marlowe from the Broadway play of the same name by George Axelrod. The play ran from 1955 to 1956. It also starred Mansfield. The movie was a great success.

It received a nomination for a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Actor – Musical/Comedy (Tony Randall). It also received a nomination for the Writers Guild of America, East WGA Award (Screen) for Best Written American Comedy (Frank Tashlin). In 2000, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

## References

- Solomon, Aubrey. _Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History (The Scarecrow Filmmakers Series)_. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1989. .

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?
- **caption**: Mansfield as Rita Marlowe
- **director**: Frank Tashlin
- **producer**: Frank Tashlin
- **writer**: George Axelrod
Frank Tashlin
- **starring**: Jayne Mansfield
Tony Randall
- **music**: Cyril J. Mockridge
- **cinematography**: Joseph MacDonald
- **editing**: Hugh S. Fowler
- **distributor**: 20th Century Fox
- **runtime**: 93 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $1,050,000
- **gross**: $4,900,000
Ruairí Ó Brádaigh

**Ruairí Ó Brádaigh** (2 October 1932 – 5 June 2013) was an Irish republican paramilitary and political leader. He was Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) from 1958–1959 and again from 1960–1962, president of Sinn Féin from 1970 to 1983, and president of Republican Sinn Féin from 1987 to 2009.

Brádaigh was born on 2 October 1932 in Longford, Irish Free State. He was raised in Dublin, Irish Free State. Brádaigh studied at St. Mel's College and at University College Dublin. He was married to Patsy O'Connor until his death in 2013. They had no children. Brádaigh died on 5 June 2013 in Roscommon, Republic of Ireland from a short illness, aged 80.

## Other websites

- "Ruairí Ó Brádaigh's speech to the 1986 Sinn Féin Ard Fheis ", CAIN Web Service.
- "Transcript of interview " SWR Interview with Ruairi O'Bradaigh
- "Transcript of interview " with Ruairí Ó Brádaigh on the question of the legitimacy of the Republic of Ireland and its institutions on RTÉ Radio 1's News at One programme, 3 March 2002

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ruairí Ó Bradaigh
- **nationality**: Irish people, Irish
- **image**: Ruairí Ó Brádaigh 2004.jpg
- **caption**: Ó Bradaigh in 2004
- **office1**: President of Republican Sinn Féin
- **term start1**: 1987
- **term end1**: 2009
- **successor1**: Des Dalton
- **office2**: Sinn Féin, President of Sinn Féin
- **term start2**: 1970
- **term end2**: 1983
- **successor2**: Gerry Adams
- **predecessor2**: Tomás Mac Giolla
- **office3**: Teachta Dála
- **term start3**: 1957
- **term end3**: 1961
- **constituency3**: Longford–Westmeath (Dáil Éireann constituency), Longford-Westmeath
- **predecessor3**: Frank Carter (politician), Frank Carter
- **successor3**: Frank Carter (politician), Frank Carter
- **birth place**: Longford, Irish Free State
- **death place**: Roscommon, Republic of Ireland
- **party**: Republican Sinn Féin
- **alma mater**: St. Mel's College,
University College Dublin
- **otherparty**: Sinn Féin <small>(1950–1986)</small>
- **spouse**: Patsy O'Connor
(m. ?–2013; his death)
Hooverville

A **"Hooverville"** is the popular name for slum towns built by people without homes during the Great Depression. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was the President of the United States during the start of the Great Depression and was given the blame for it.

Most Hoovervilles were made out of any materials people could find, including crates, cardboard, and scraps of metal. They usually had a small stove, a bed, and some cooking instruments. People who were living in Hoovervilles without jobs created public charities or asked for food from people with houses.

One well-known Hooverville was in Central Park in New York City, where people lived on the Great Lawn, which was then an empty reservoir.
Thomas E. Donilon

**Thomas E. "Tom" Donilon** (born May 14, 1955) is a former United States Government official. He was the National Security Advisor in the Obama Administration. He has had a career as a U.S. political advisor, government official and lawyer. Previously, he served together with diplomat Wendy Sherman as Agency Review Team Lead for the State Department in the Obama transition,  and as Deputy to National Security Advisor James Jones early in the Obama administration.  Donilon replaced Jones as National Security Advisor on October 8, 2010. Donilon announced his resignation as National Security Adviser on 5th June 2013. Susan Rice was his successor.

Donilon was also Chief of Staff to former Secretary of State Warren Christopher at the United States Department of State in the Administration of President Bill Clinton.

Donilon was born on May 14, 1955 in Providence, Rhode Island. He studied at the Catholic University of America and at Virginia University. He is currently married to Catherine Russell. They have two children.

## Other websites

- National Security Council

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Thomas Donilon
- **image**: National Security Advisor Donilon.jpg
- **office**: 23rd National Security Advisor (United States), National Security Advisor
- **deputy**: Denis McDonough
Tony Blinken
- **president**: Barack Obama
- **term start**: October 8, 2010
- **term end**: July 1, 2013
- **predecessor**: James L. Jones, James Jones
- **successor**: Susan Rice
- **office1**: Deputy National Security Advisor
- **president1**: Barack Obama
- **term start1**: January 20, 2009
- **term end1**: October 8, 2010
- **predecessor1**: James Franklin Jeffrey, James Jeffrey
- **successor1**: Denis McDonough
- **office2**: Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs
- **president2**: Bill Clinton
- **term start2**: April 1, 1993
- **term end2**: November 7, 1996
- **predecessor2**: Margaret D. Tutwiler, Margaret Tutwiler
- **successor2**: James Rubin
- **alma mater**: The Catholic University of America, Catholic University of America
University of Virginia
- **spouse**: Catherine M. Russell, Catherine Russell
- **children**: 2
Plymouth Rock

**Plymouth Rock** is an American historic site in Plymouth, Massachusetts. People say the _Mayflower_ Pilgrims arrived there in 1620. But, they may not have. Edward Winslow did not mention the rock in _Mourt's Relation_ (1620–1621). William Bradford did not mention it in his journal _Of Plymouth Plantation_ (1620–1647). The first written reference to the Pilgrims landing on a rock is found 121 years after they landed.

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Plymouth Rock
- **image**: Plymouth Rock, Plymouth, MA, jjron 03.05.2012.jpg
- **caption**: Plymouth Rock, inscribed with 1620, the year of the Pilgrims' landing in the _Mayflower_
- **location**: Plymouth, Massachusetts
- **locmapin**: Massachusetts#USA
- **added**: 1970
- **refnum**: 70000680
Carl Adolph Agardh

**Carl Adolph Agardh** was a Swedish botanist and bishop of Karlstad. He was known for his extensive work on algae.

## Biography

Agardh was born on 23 January 1785 in Båstad, a town in Scania (), Sweden. He began to study at Lund University in 1799.

In 1807, Agardh became a teacher of mathematics at Lund. In 1812, he was appointed professor of botany and rural economy. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1817, and of the Swedish Academy in 1831.

Agardh became a Lutheran clergyman in 1816. He was a member of the Swedish Parliament on several occasions from 1817. He was _rector magnificus_ of Lund University from 1819 to 1820. In 1835 he became the bishop of Karlstad, where he remained until his death. He died on 28 January 1859 in Karlstad.

## Publications

Agardh devoted considerable attention to political economy. As "a leading liberal", he "succeeded in improving and raising the standards of education in Sweden".  He wrote on theological and other subjects, but he is best known for his botanical works, especially _Systema algarum_, _Species algarum rite cognitae_, and _Icones Algarum_ (1824, 1820–28, and 1828–35). He translated into German most of his _Manual of Botany_ (2 vols., Malmoe, 1829–32)

## Some of his works

- _Algarum decas prima [-quarta /auctore Carolo Ad. Agardh_
- _Dispositio algarum Sueciae /cuctore Carolo Adolfo Agardh_
- _Caroli A. Agardh Synopsis algarum Scandinaviae : adjecta dispositione universali algarum_
- _Aphorismi botanici. _
- _Classes plantarum_ (with Holmberg, L. P. and Lundstrom, Petrus M.)
- _Adnotationes botanicae_ (with Swartz, Olof, Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp Joachim, and Wikström, Joh. Em)
- _Synopsis algarum Scandinaviae_ (Lund 1817)
- _Species algarum rite cognitae etc._ (Greifsw. 1823-28, 2 Voll.)
- _Icones algarum europaearum_ (Leipz. 1828-35)
- _Systema algarum_ (Lund 1824)
- _Essai de réduire la physlologie végétale à des principes fondamentaux_ (Lund 1828)
- _Essai sur le développement intérieur des plantes_ (1829)
- _Lärobok i botanik_ (Malmö 1830-32, 2 Voll.)
- _Försök till en statsökonomisk statistik öfver Sverige_ (Stockh. 1852-63, 4 Voll.)

## Family

Agardh was the father of Jacob Georg Agardh, also a botanist.

## Other websites

- Agardh, 1. Karl Adolf (in Swedish)
- Lund University, Botanical Museum
- Lund Museum - Collections: algae

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Carl Adolph Agardh
- **image**: Carl Adolph Agardh, Svenska Familj-Journalen.png
- **alt**: Portrait of Carl Adolph Agardh
- **caption**: From the Sweden, Swedish journal _Svenska Familj-Journalen_
- **birth place**: Båstad, Sweden
- **death place**: Karlstad, Sweden
- **resting place**: Lund, Sweden
- **alma mater**: Lund University
- **known for**: _Systema algarum_
- **author abbrev bot**: C.Agardh
- **signature**: Agardhsignaturbearbetad.jpg
- **signature alt**: Signature of Carl Adolph Agardh
Dorothy Custer

**Dorothy Custer** (May 30, 1911 – April 22, 2015) was an American comedian, harmonica player, and centenarian. She was best known for her two appearances on _The Tonight Show with Jay Leno_. She has become the top featured story of all time on the Boise-based television station KTVB. She has been the subject of many interviews in Idaho and other states.

Custer was born in Twin Falls, Idaho. She had four children. She died in her sleep on April 22, 2015, aged 103.
Deloraine, Tasmania

**Deloraine** is a town on the Meander River, in the central north of Tasmania, Australia.  It is 50 km west of Launceston and 52 km south of Devonport along the Bass Highway. It is part of the Meander Valley Council. There were 2,848 people living there in the .

## History

The region was explored in 1821 by Captain Roland, who was searching for farm land. Land was granted to new settlers, and the town is now a major farming centre. There are a large number of farms of all types in the area.
Deloraine Post Office opened on 29 October 1836.

## Economy and Infrastructure

The town won the State Tidy Towns award in 1992, 1993 and 1995, and the Australian Community of the Year award in 1997.

The town is a cultural centre and is home to the largest craft fair in the Southern Hemisphere. About 40,000 people come to the annual fair which has 13 venues and over 200 stalls around the town.

The town was bypassed by the new Bass Highway in the early 1990s.  However the town is still a popular resting place for travellers.  It also serves as a base to explore areas such as Cradle Mountain, the Great Western Tiers, Mole Creek and the Central Highlands.

Deloraine is the educational centre for the region with both primary (Deloraine Primary School and Our Lady of Mercy Catholic School) and high schools (Deloraine High School). Students from other towns come to Deloraine's schools by bus.

Deloraine is served by ABC Television, SBS Television, Tasmanian Digital Television, Southern Cross Tasmania, WIN Television, 91.7 ABC Northern Tasmania and other ABC radio networks, commercial stations 89.3 LAFM and 90.1 Chilli FM and community station 96.9 Meander Valley FM.

## Sister cities

Deloraine has one sister city:

- Hokitika, New Zealand

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Deloraine
- **state**: tas
- **image**:
- **caption**: The Meander River weir.
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **lga**: Meander Valley Council
- **postcode**: 7304
- **pop**: 2,848
- **elevation**: 237
- **maxtemp**: 16
- **mintemp**: 4.4
- **rainfall**: 945.7
- **stategov**: Division of Lyons (state), Lyons
- **fedgov**: Division of Lyons, Lyons
- **dist1**: 50
- **location1**: Launceston, Tasmania, Launceston
- **dist2**: 52
- **location2**: Devonport, Tasmania, Devonport
- **dist3**: 248
- **location3**: Hobart
Vittorio Amuso

**Vittorio Amuso** (born 1934) is an American mobster from New York City. He was the leader of the Lucchese crime family from 1987 to 2012. He is currently serving a life sentence in prison for murder and racketeering.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Vittorio Amuso
- **image**: Vic Amuso in prison.jpg
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States, U.S.
- **charge**: Murder, conspiracy (crime), conspiracy to commit murder, extortion, racketeering
- **conviction penalty**: Life imprisonment
- **conviction status**: Alive
Hurricane Gert (1993)

**Hurricane Gert** was a destructive and very deadly tropical cyclone in September 1993. It struck Central America and Mexico. The storm affected almost the same region devastated by Hurricane Diana three years prior, except winds were a little stronger than for Diana. Winds for Gert were 105 miles per hour; ninety lives were lost, and forty three other people were missing due to Hurricane Gert. Despite the devastation, the name Gert was not retired in Spring of 1994.
Hurricane Bertha (1996)

**Hurricane Bertha** of July 1996 was a hurricane of notable status. This storm struck the northeastern Caribbean islands, Puerto Rico and the eastern United States, causing the deaths of almost one dozen persons and leading to $335 million in destruction. The winds from Bertha were 105 miles an hour when she struck eastern North Carolina on July 12 1996. Despite the damage, the name Bertha was not discontinued (retired) in the Spring of 1997).
Toni Braxton (album)

***Toni Braxton*** is the self-titled debut studio album by American singer and songwriter Toni Braxton. It was released in July 1993 by LaFace Records. Songs on the album include "Breathe Again", "I Belong to You" and "You Mean the World to Me".

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Toni Braxton
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Toni Braxton
- **released**: <small>(U.S.)</small>
- **recorded**: 1992–1993;
Bosstown Recording Studios, Doppler Studios, Studio LaCoCo
<small>(Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia)</small>
 Elumba Recording Studios
<small>(Hollywood, Los Angeles, California)</small>
- **genre**: contemporary R&B, R&B, New jack swing, soul music, soul, pop music, pop
- **label**: LaFace Records, LaFace
- **producer**: Toni Braxton, L.A. Reid <small>(also exec.)</small>, Babyface (musician), Babyface <small>(also exec.)</small>, Daryl Simmons, Tim & Ted, Bo & McArthur, Vassal Benford, Vincent Herbert, Ernesto Phillips
- **next title**: Secrets (Toni Braxton album), Secrets
- **next year**: 1996
Adina Howard

**Adina Howard** (November 14, 1973) is an American R&B singer who was popular in the mid 1990s. She was extremely notable for her hit single "Freak Like Me", though there were other minor songs. She represented with a rather provocative image. Adina was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Adina Howard
- **background**: solo_singer
- **origin**: Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States
- **years active**: 1994–present
Arthur Kornberg

**Arthur Kornberg** (March 3, 1918 – October 26, 2007) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)" with Severo Ochoa of New York University. He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1979.

His primary research interests were in biochemistry, especially enzyme chemistry,  deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis (DNA replication) and studying the nucleic acids which control heredity in animals, plants, bacteria and viruses.

He is of Jewish descent.

Arthur and Sylvy Kornberg had three sons: Roger Kornberg (1947), Thomas Kornberg (1948), and Kenneth Kornberg (1950). Roger is Professor of Structural Biology at Stanford University, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2006. Thomas discovered DNA polymerase II and III in 1970 and is now a professor at the University of California, San Francisco.  Kenneth is an architect specializing in the design of biomedical and biotechnology laboratories and buildings.

## Books

- 1961. _Enzymatic synthesis of DNA_. John Wiley & Sons, 1961
- 1974. _DNA synthesis_. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.
- 1980. _DNA replication_. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.
    - 1992. _DNA Replication_, 2nd edition, with Tania A. Baker. W.H. Freeman, New York.
- 1989. _For the love of enzymes: the odyssey of a biochemist_. Harvard  University Press, Cambridge, MA.
- 2002. _The golden helix: inside biotech ventures_. University Science Books.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Arthur Kornberg
- **image**: Arthur Kornberg (30828410210).jpg
- **caption**: Arthur Kornberg
- **birth place**: New York City, United States
- **death place**: Stanford, United States
- **field**: Molecular biology
- **work institutions**: University of California, Berkeley
National Institutes of Health
 Washington University in St. Louis
Stanford University
- **alma mater**: University of Rochester
- **prizes**: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959
Royal Society, Fellow of the Royal Society,
Paul-Lewis Award in Enzyme Chemistry, 1951
National Medal of Science 1979
Gairdner Foundation Award 1995;
- **spouse**: Sylvy Ruth Levy (1943-1986; her death; 3 children)
Charlene Walsh Levering (1988-1995; her death)
Carolyn Frey Dixon (1998-2007; his death)
Oceanus Hopkins

**Oceanus Hopkins** (1620?) was born at sea during the voyage of the _Mayflower_ to the New World in 1620. He was the son of Stephen Hopkins and his wife, Elizabeth (Fisher) Hopkins. He was born sometime between 6 September and 9 November 1620. He died before 1627. His body and grave are lost. Oceanus is the Latin word for ocean.

## Other websites

- Oceanus Hopkins on MayflowerHistory.com
Division of Cowper

The **Division of Cowper** is an Australian electoral division in New South Wales. It was one of 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named for Charles Cowper, an early Premier of New South Wales. It is on the north coast of New South Wales, and includes the towns of Coffs Harbour, Kempsey, Macksville, Nambucca Heads and Port Macquarie.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Francis Clarke|Protectionist|1901–1903||
|||Henry Lee|Free Trade, Anti-Socialist|1903–1906||
|||rowspan="3"|John Thomson|Protectionist|1906–1909|
|||Commonwealth Liberal|1909–1917|||
|||Nationalist|1917–1919|||
|||(Sir) Earle Page|Country|1919–1961||
|||Frank McGuren|Labor|1961–1963||
|||rowspan="3"|Ian Robinson|Country|1963–1975|
|||National Country|1975–1982|||
|||National|1982–1984|||
|||Garry Nehl|National|1984–2001||
|||Luke Hartsuyker|National|2001–2019||
|||Pat Conaghan|National|2019–present||

Its most famous member was Sir Earle Page, leader of the Country Party and Prime Minister of Australia in 1939.

## Other websites

- Australian Electoral Commission
- Luke Hartsuyker's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Cowper
- **image**: Division of COWPER 2016.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Cowper (green) within New South Wales
- **created**: 1901
- **mp**: Pat Conaghan
- **mp-party**: National Party of Australia, National
- **namesake**: Charles Cowper
- **electors**: 94,654 (2010)
- **area**: 7861
- **class**: Provincial
Carey Mulligan

**Carey Hannah Mulligan** (born 28 May 1985) is an English actress who made her movie debut in the 2005 movie _Pride & Prejudice_. She acted in the 2009 movie _Public Enemies_, playing Carole. Carey was born in Westminster, London, England.
Allison Iraheta

**Allison Iraheta** (born April 27, 1992) is an American musician who was fourth place in the eighth season for _American Idol_. Her first album _Just Like You_ was released in December 2009. She also performs cover songs. Allison was born in Los Angeles.
Der Stürmer

***Der Stürmer*** was a weekly newspaper published from 1923 to 1945. It contained propaganda for the policies of the Nazi Party in Germany. It was styled like a tabloid. It printed obscene antisemitic material with the intent to make people hate Jews. This included racist caricatures, accusations of blood libel and sex crimes, and articles about why Jews are a problem.

The paper was published by Julius Streicher. It was first printed in Nuremberg on 20 April 1923. This was at a time when Adolf Hitler was trying to seize power and control over the government. _Der Stürmer_ continued to be published until the end of World War II. After the war, Streicher was executed for authorising the publication of articles that demanded the extermination of the Jewish race.

## Infobox (newspaper)

- **name**: Der Stürmer
- **image**: Bundesarchiv Bild 133-075, Worms, Antisemitische Presse, "Stürmerkasten".jpg
- **caption**: Men reading a billboard covered with a new issue of _Der Stürmer_.
- **type**: Weekly newspaper
- **format**: Tabloid
- **publisher**: Julius Streicher
- **foundation**: 20 April 1923
- **political**: Nazism, Nazi propaganda
- **language**: German language, German
- **ceased publication**: 1945
- **circulation**: 480,000 (1938)
Richard Barthelmess

**Richard Semler "Dick" Barthelmess** (May 9, 1895 – August 17, 1963) was an Oscar-nominated American movie actor. He was nominated for the first Academy Award in the Best Actor category in 1928.

## Movie career

Barthelmess was born in New York City. He went to Hudson River Military Academy and Trinity College at Hartford, Connecticut. He worked in theaters during his school days doing "walk-ons". In college, he played in amateur productions.

He made his first movie appearance in 1916 in a movie serial as an extra. At this time, he also appeared as a supporting player in several movies. Director D. W. Griffith saw him. He cast Barthelmess opposite Lillian Gish in _Broken Blossoms_ (1919) and _Way Down East_ (1920).

He soon became one of Hollywood's highest paid actors. He was nominated for Best Actor at the first Academy Awards in 1928. He founded a production company, Inspiration Film Company. He starred in the company's _Tol'able David_ (1921). This movie was a great success.

Barthelmess made several "talkies". He failed to hold on to the star status of his silent movie days. He joined the United States Navy Reserve during World War II. He was a lieutenant commander. He never went back to movies. He died of cancer in 1963. He was 68. He was buried at Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York.

## Personal

Barthelmess married Mary Hay, a stage and movie star. They had one daughter Mary Barthelmess.  In 1927, Barthelmess became engaged to Katherine Young Wilson, a Broadway actress. The engagement was called off, possibly due to his affair around this time with the journalist Adela Rogers St. Johns. In 1928, Barthelmess married Jessica Stewart Sargent.

## Honors

Barthelmess was one of the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Barthelmess received the George Eastman Award  for distinguished contribution to movies.

Composer Katherine Allan Lively dedicated her piano piece, _Within the Walls of China: A Chinese Episode_, to Barthelmess.  It was published in 1923 by G. Schirmer, Inc.  An article in _The Music Trades_ reported that Mrs. Lively was inspired by a seeing _Broken Blossoms_. She played the piece for Barthelmess and his friends in New York in the summer of 1922.

## References

- _The First Male Stars: Men of the Silent Era_ by David W. Menefee.
- _Richard Barthelmess: A Life in Pictures_ by David W. Menefee

## Other websites

- Photographs of Richard Barthelmess

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Richard Barthelmess
- **image**: Richard Barthelmess Way Down East Motion Picture Classic 1920.png
- **caption**: Barthelmess in _Way Down East_
- **birth name**: Richard Semler Barthelmess
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Southampton (town), New York, Southampton, New York, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1916–1942
- **spouse**: Mary Hay (1920–1927) 1 daughter
Jessica Stewart Sargent (1928–1963)
Tol'able David

***Tol'able David*** (1921) is a silent movie starring Richard Barthelmess.  It is based on a story by Joseph Hergesheimer. The movie was produced and directed by Henry King for Inspiration Pictures.

The movie was voted a Photoplay Magazine 1921 "medal of honor". In 2007, _Tol'able David_ was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

## Story

Young David Kinemon, son of West Virginia tenant farmers, wants to be treated like a man by his family and neighbors. He is constantly reminded that he is still a boy and he is only "tol'able" but not a man.  He proves himself a man when outlaws move onto a nearby farm.

## Other websites

- _Tol'able David_ at YouTube
- _Tol'able David_ at Virtual History

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Tol'able David
- **image**: Poster for Tol'able David.jpg
- **director**: Henry King
- **producer**: Henry King
- **writer**: Joseph Hergesheimer (novel)
Edmund Goulding
Henry King
- **starring**: Richard Barthelmess
Gladys Hulette
Walter P. Lewis
Ernest Torrence
- **cinematography**: Henry Cronjager
- **editing**: W. Duncan Mansfield
- **distributor**: Inspiration Pictures
- **released**: 31 December 1921
- **runtime**: 99 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: Silent movie
English language, English intertitles
Attack aircraft

**Attack aircraft** are military aircraft. They are designed for attacking enemy ground or naval forces, especially moving ground or naval forces, like tanks, soldiers, and warships. Such aircraft attack their targets while flying low. They were much used in World War II, and later also took over the job of dive bombers. Attack aircraft can be fighter airplanes or helicopters.

## Examples of attack aircraft

- AH-1 Cobra
- Su-24 Fencer
- A-10 Thunderbolt II
- Blackburn Buccaneer
- FMA IA-58 Pucará
Of Plymouth Plantation

***Of Plymouth Plantation*** is a book written by William Bradford between 1630 and 1651. It tells of the Pilgrims, of their years in Holland, their voyage on the _Mayflower_, the founding of Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, and the colony's early years. The book ends with a list written in 1651 of Mayflower passengers and what happened to them.

## Other websites

- New England Religious History  at Gordon College includes _Of Plymouth Plantation_ and other works in a variety of formats.
- Full Text "Of Plymouth Plantation" provided by google book search
Pequot War

The **Pequot War** (1634-1638) was fought between the Pequot tribe and settlers of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies. The settlers were helped by Native American groups including the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes. Hundreds of people were killed, and hundreds more were sold as slaves in the West Indies. At the end of the war, about 700 Pequots had been killed or captured. The others were forced off their lands and into other areas.
The Garfield Show

***The Garfield Show*** is an animated children's television series. It started in France on France 3 on December 22, 2008. English-language episodes started in the United Kingdom on Bommerang on May 5, 2009. The show started airing in the United States on Cartoon Network on November 2, 2009. It is based on the comic strip _Garfield_. It is the second _Garfield_ television series, after _Garfield and Friends_.

## Voice cast

- Frank Welker - Garfield, Eddie
- Gregg Berger - Odie, Herman
- Wally Wingert - Jon, Al, Bruno, Hercules
- Julie Payne - Liz
- Jason Marsden - Nermal, Vito
- Audrey Wasilewski - Arlene, Newswoman, Millie, Nathan's mom
- Gregg Berger - Squeak
- Stan Freberg - Dr. Whipple
- David Lander - Doc Boy
- Laura Summer - Drusilla, Minerva
- Laraine Newman - Aunt Ivy, Mermaid 3, Abigail, Winona
- Susan Silo - Neferkitty, Metalla
- Tress MacNeille - Mrs. Brubaker
- June Foray - Mrs. Cauldron, Council
- Melissa Disney, Grey DeLisle - Nathan
- Misty Lee - Angie, Scheherazade
- Corey Burton - Ratzo
- Phil LaMarr - Armstrong
- Fred Tatasciore - Dirk, Biff
- Neil Ross - Brandon Scoop, Tyler Edge
- Candi Milo - Celeste, Chester, Mary, Squirrel 2
- Mark Hamill - Master Control
- Jack Riley - Anthony Allwork
- Grey DeLisle - Jack Allwork, Sandra, Miss Kitty

**Additional Voices**:

- April Winchell - Mrs. Gourmand
- Jewel Sheperd - Officer Reed
- Rose Marie - Varicella
- Frank Ferrente - Lyman
- Bill Farmer - McCuckoo
- Marvin Kaplan - Hiram Hi Pressure
- Chuck McCann - Mayor Graffton
- Bob Bergen - Health Inspector
- Maurice LaMarche - Samuel Underberger
- Hank Garrett
- Brooks Gardner
- Diane Michelle - Walla
- Scott Whyte
- Frank Buxton
- Joe Alaskey

## Other websites

- Official website
Rubén Bonifaz Nuño

**Rubén Bonifaz Nuño** (12 November 1923 – 31 January 2013) was a Mexican poet and classical scholar.

Nuño was born on 12 November 1923 in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. He studied at National Autonomous University of Mexico. Nuño died on 31 January 2013 in Mexico City, Mexico from natural causes, aged 89.

## Other websites

- Rubén Bonifaz Nuño  (El Colegio Nacional)
- Rubén Bonifaz Nuño: Brief biography
- Rubén Bonifaz Nuño: Interview, biography, criticism, poetry