juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Illtal

**Illtal** is a new commune in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. It was incorporated on 1 January 2016 by the combination of the former communes of Grentzingen, Henflingen and Oberdorf.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Illtal
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **arrondissement**: Altkirch
- **canton**: Altkirch
- **insee**: 68240
- **postal code**: 68960
- **mayor**: Christian Lerdung
- **term**: 2016-2020
- **intercommunality**: Ill et Gersbach
- **elevation min m**: 329
- **elevation max m**: 436
- **area km2**: 11.96
- **population**: 1378
- **population date**: 2012
Oberdorf, Haut-Rhin

**Oberdorf** is a former commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Illtal.
Kœstlach

**Kœstlach** is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Tokenism

**Tokenism** is the term used to describe the act of putting a person of a minority group (called a "token character") into something for the sole purpose of trying to be seen as inclusive to that minority group. This is often done only to avoid controversy, with little or no effort being put in to give said person a role other than being there to represent a minority. A "token character" is normally a woman or person of color, while other common examples include people with disabilities, different religions, different body types, or different political stances. Stereotypes are commonly used to portray token characters.
Chuck Low

**Charles Lewis "Chuck" Low** (July 21, 1928 – September 18, 2017) was an American actor. He was born in New York City, New York. He was known for his role as Morris "Morrie" Kessler in the Martin Scorsese movie _Goodfellas_ (1990). He has had small roles in other Robert De Niro movies, such as _The Mission_, _The King of Comedy_, and most notably in Sergio Leone's 1984 movie _Once Upon a Time in America_.

Low died on September 18, 2017 in Allendale, New Jersey at the age of 89.

## Other websites

- Chuck Low bio at TheSopranos.com
Philippe Rahmy

**Philippe Rahmy** (5 June 1965 – 1 October 2017) was a Swiss poet and writer. He was born in Geneva, Switzerland. He was a founding member of the prominent French literary site remue.net which focused on promoting contemporary literature over the Internet and through live events. He also worked as a photographer and as a director of award-winning independent short movies.

In 2017, he won the Swiss Literature Award.

Rahmy died of complications from brittle bone disease in Geneva on 1 October 2017 at the age of 52.

## Other websites

- Bibliothèque cantonale universitaire
- articles by Philippe Rahmy on remue.net
- texts by Philippe Rahmy on remue.net
- poetry books edited by Cheyne Editeur
- rahmyfiction.net Philippe Rahmy's blog
Spanish Fighting Bull

The **Spanish Fighting Bull** (**Toro Bravo**, _toro de lidia_, _toro lidiado_, _ganado bravo_, _Touro de Lide_) is an Iberian heterogeneous cattle population.

It is primarily bred free-range on extensive estates in Spain, Portugal, France and Latin American countries where bull fighting is organized. Fighting bulls are selected primarily for a certain combination of aggression, energy, strength, and stamina.
Victorino Martín

**Victorino Martín Andrés** (6 March 1929 – 3 October 2017) was a Spanish Fighting Bull cattle rancher. He was born in Madrid, Spain. In 2011, he received the Order of the Second of May, a high honor in Spain. He was known for breeding many Fighting Bulls which were later used for bullfighting in venues in Spain and France.

Martín died at his home in Portezuelo, Province of Cáceres, Spain of a stroke on 3 October 2017 at the age of 88.

## Other websites

- Web de Victorino Martín
- Muere Victorino Martín
Rodney Bickerstaffe

**Rodney Kevan Bickerstaffe** (6 April 1945 – 3 October 2017) was a British trade unionist. He served as President of the United Kingdom National Pensioners Convention. He was leader of Britain's largest trade union, UNISON until 2001. He was born in Hammersmith, London, England.

Bickerstaffe died in London on 3 October 2017 at the age of 72.

## Other websites

- National Pensioners Convention website
- Ken Gill Memorial Fund
Evangelina Elizondo

**Evangelina Elizondo** (28 April 1929 – October 2, 2017) was a Mexican actress, writer, painter and singer. She was born in Mexico City. She was known for her roles in _Frontera Norte_, _El Castillo de los Monstrous_, and in _A Walk in the Clouds_. She was also a singer known for "La sensacional Evangelina" and writer who wrote _Pensamiento abierto_.

Elizondo died in Mexico City on October 2, 2017 at the age of 88.

## Other websites

- Elizondo's paintings
Astigmatism

**Astigmatism** is defined as the eye creating two images instead of one image on the retina. This happens when the power of the eye isn't the same in all directions, often because the front of the eye (the cornea) is shaped more like the back of a spoon than a perfect sphere. Astigmatism does not affect the health of the eye, and eyes with astigmatism can be perfectly healthy.

The result is that objects look blurry, but how much blur is different in different directions, which is why people with astigmatism often have trouble reading some letters but not others.  It can also cause headaches and eyestrain. In most cases it is easily fixed with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery.
Solly Hemus

**Solomon Joseph "Solly" Hemus** (April 17, 1923 – October 2, 2017) was an American professional baseball infielder, manager, and coach in Major League Baseball (MLB). Hemus was one of a select group of major league players to hold a role as a player-manager. He was born in Phoenix, Arizona. He played and managed for the St. Louis Cardinals and briefly played for the Philadelphia Phillies.

Hemus died on October 2, 2017 in Houston, Texas at the age of 94.
Klaus Huber

**Klaus Huber** (30 November 1924 – 2 October 2017) was a Swiss composer and academic based in Basel and Freiburg. He became one of the leading figures of his generation in Europe, compared to Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen.

Among his students are Brian Ferneyhough, Younghi Pagh-Paan, Toshio Hosokawa, Wolfgang Rihm and Kaija Saariaho. He received the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize in 2009, among other awards.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Klaus Huber
- **image**: Klaus Huber (1981).jpg
- **caption**: Huber in 1981
- **birth place**: Bern, Switzerland
- **death place**: Perugia, Italy
- **education**: Zurich University of the Arts
- **awards**: Ernst von Siemens Music Prize
Kim Un-yong

**Kim Un-yong** or **Un Yong Kim** (3 March 1931 – 2 October 2017) was a South Korean sports administrator, Vice-President of the International Olympic Committee, and founding member of the WTF executive board. Kim Un-yong was elected the president of the Korean Taekwondo Association on 23 January 1971. He was born in Daegu, South Korea.
Paul Otellini

**Paul Stevens Otellini** (October 12, 1950 – October 2, 2017) was an American businessman and onetime president and CEO of Intel. He was also on the board of directors of Google. He was born in San Francisco, California. On November 19, 2012, Otellini announced his intention to retire in May 2013.

Otellini died in his sleep on October 2, 2017 at his home in Santa Rosa, California at the age of 66.

## Other websites

- Intel website biography
- Otellini talking about innovation.
Robert Yates

**Robert Yates** (April 19, 1943 – October 2, 2017) was an American NASCAR engine builder and former owner of the Sprint Cup Series team Yates Racing, owned since 2007 by his son Doug. He purchased the team from Harry Ranier in 1988, with driver Davey Allison. He was born in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Yates won the NASCAR Winston Cup champion (1999).

Yates died at the age of 74 on October 2, 2017 from liver cancer.

## Other websites

- Robert Yates Racing Engines
- YATES RACING team page at fordracing.com
Fuad Masum

**Muhammad Fuad Masum** ( _Muḥammad Fūād Ma‘ṣūm_; Kurdish: , born 1 January 1938) was the seventh President of Iraq from 24 July 2014 through 2 October 2019.

Masum is a veteran Iraqi Kurdish politician and was elected as President following the 2014 parliamentary election.

Masum is the second non-Arab president of Iraq, replacing Jalal Talabani, also Kurdish, and is a friend of Talabani.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Fuad Masum 2014.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **office**: List of Presidents of Iraq, 7th President of Iraq
- **vicepresident**: Khodair al-Khozaei
Nouri al-Maliki
Osama al-Nujaifi
Ayad Alawi
- **primeminister**: Nouri al-Maliki
Haider al-Abadi
- **term start**: 24 July 2014
- **term end**: 2 October 2019
- **predecessor**: Jalal Talabani
- **successor**: Barham Salih
- **office1**: List of Speakers of the Council of Representatives of Iraq, Speaker of the Council of Representatives
- **status1**: Acting
- **term start1**: 14 June 2010
- **term end1**: 11 November 2010
- **president1**: Jalal Talabani
- **predecessor1**: Ayad al-Samarrai
- **successor1**: Osama al-Nujaifi
- **office2**: 1st Prime Minister of Iraqi Kurdistan, Prime Minister of Kurdistan (PUK)
- **president2**: Jalal Talabani
- **term start2**: 4 July 1992
- **term end2**: 26 April 1993
- **predecessor2**: Position established
- **successor2**: Kosrat Rasul Ali
- **birth name**: Muhammad Fuad Masum
محمد فؤاد معصوم
- **birth place**: Koy Sanjaq, Koya, Kingdom of Iraq, Iraq
- **party**: Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, Kurdistan Patriotic
- **otherparty**: Iraqi Communist Party, Iraqi Communist
Kurdistan Democratic Party, Kurdistan Democratic
- **spouse**: Rounak Abdulwahid Mustafa
- **children**: Shereen
Juwan Fouad Masum, Juwan
Showan
Zozan
Shilan
Veian
- **alma mater**: University of Baghdad
Al-Azhar University
- **blank1**: Religion
- **data1**: Sunni Islam
Michel Jouvet

**Michel Valentin Marcel Jouvet** (16 November 1925 – 3 October 2017) was a French neurobiologist and oneirologist. He was Emeritus Professor of Experimental Medicine at the University of Lyon. He was born in Lons-le-Saunier, Jura, France. Jouvet was the researcher who first developed the analeptic drug Modafinil. He was elected in 1977 to the French Academy of Sciences. He developed the idea and term of REM sleep.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1993.

Jouvet died in Lyon, France on 3 October 2017 at the age of 91.
Oneirology

**Oneirology** (; from Greek _ὄνειρον_, _oneiron_, "dream"; and -_λογία_, -_logia_, "the study of") is the scientific study of dreams.

Current research seeks connections between dreaming and current knowledge about how the brain works, as well as understanding of how the brain works during dreaming as pertains to memory formation and mental disorders. The study of Oneirology can mean from dream interpretation in that the aim is to quantitatively study the process of dreams instead of analyzing the meaning behind them.
Oneirology is about dreams and how they work. Most dreams happen in the REM [rapid eye movement] phase of their sleep. Dreams can have a good chance of coming true. Lucid dreaming is when the dreamer gains some control over their dream. The LDR Squad studies lucid dreams.

## Related pages

- Rapid eye movement

## More readings

- Aserinsky, E. and N. Kleitman. 1953. "Regularly Occurring Periods of Eye Motility and Concomitant Phenomena during Sleep." _Science_ 118: 273–274.
- Dement, W.C. and N. Kleitman. 1957. "The Relation of Eye Movements during Sleep to Dream Activity: An Objective Method for the Study of Dreaming." _Journal of Experimental Psychology_ 53: 339–346.
- Domhoff, G. William. 2003. _The Scientific Study of Dreams_. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Gackenbach, Jayne and Stephen LaBerge, Eds. 1988. _Conscious Mind, Sleeping Brain_. New York: Plenum Press.
- Hadfield, J. A. 1969. _Dreams and Nightmares_. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books.
- Hobson, J. Allan. _The Dreaming Brain_. New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

**Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi** (, , ; 29 September 1934 – 20 October 2021) was a Hungarian-American psychologist. He was known because of his work in the psychological concept of flow, a highly focused mental state. He was the Distinguished Professor of Psychology and Management at Claremont Graduate University.

He was the head of the department of psychology at the University of Chicago and of the department of sociology and anthropology at Lake Forest College.

Csikszentmihalyi died on 20 October 2021 in Claremont, California from cardiac arrest at the age of 87.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
- **image**: Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.jpg
- **alt**: Csikszentmihalyi
- **caption**: Csikszentmihalyi in 2010
- **known for**: Flow (psychology)
autotelic activities
- **birth place**: Fiume, Kingdom of Italy (now Rijeka, Croatia)
- **death place**: Claremont, California, United States, U.S.
- **doctoral students**: Keith Sawyer
Howard Gardner

**Howard Earl Gardner** (born July 11, 1943) is an American developmental psychologist and the John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education at Harvard University. He is currently the senior director of Harvard Project Zero. Since 1995, he has been the co-director of The Good Project.

Gardner was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He studied at Harvard College. He is married to Ellen Winner. They have a son, Benjamin.

Gardner has written hundreds of research articles and thirty books that have been translated into more than thirty languages.  He is best known for his theory of multiple intelligences, as outlined in his 1983 book _Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences_.

## Other websites

- The Good Project
- The Official Howard Gardner Website
- The Official Website of Multiple Intelligences Theory
- Project Zero
- Faculty Profile  — Harvard Graduate School of Education website
Wilhelm von Schoen

**Wilhelm Eduard Freiherr von Schoen** (June 3, 1851 in Worms – April 24, 1933 in Berchtesgaden) was a German diplomat and politician.

Von Schoen was ambassador in Saint Petersburg and Paris. He handed the declaration of war to the French in 1914.

From 1907 to 1910 he was Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Von Schoen wrote several non-fiction books, among others about World War I.

He died in the German Alps at the age of 81.

## References

- _Friedrich Wilhelm von Schön. Eine biographische Skizze_. Stadtverwaltung Worms: Städtisches Spiel- und Festhaus. Pages 31–43. Worms, 1966. Fritz Reuter.
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg

**Theobald Theodor Friedrich Alfred von Bethmann Hollweg** (November 29, 1856 in Hohenfinow (nowadays in Brandenburg) – January 1, 1921 in the same place) was a German independent politician. He was Reich Chancellor (_Reichskanzler_) of the German Empire during the greatest part of World War I.

Von Bethmann Holweg studied law at the University of Strasbourg, Leipzig University and the Humboldt-University of Berlin. He started working in the civil service of Prussia in 1882. He became president of the Province of Brandenburg in 1899. He was twice Minister of the Interior: of Prussia from 1905 to 1907, and of the German Empire from 1907 to 1909. He was also Vice Chancellor of Germany from 1907 to 1909.

He became Reich Chancellor in July 1909, succeeding Bernhard von Bülow. Before the war he tried in vain to improve relations with the United Kingdom. During the war he unsuccessfully opposed the launching of the U-boat warfare without any restrictions in March 1917. Because of peace efforts of the Reichstag he resigned in July 1917, and was succeeded by Georg Michaelis.

After the war he wrote his memoirs. Von Bethmann Hollweg died of pneumonia at the age of 64.

## References

- www.jstor.org
Arrondissements of the Savoie department

There are 3 **arrondissements in the Savoie department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into _arrondissements_, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Savoie are:

|INSEE code !! Arrondissement !! Capital !! Population <small>(2014)</small> !! Area <small>(km²)</small> !! Density <small>(Inh./km²)</small> !! _Communes_|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|731|Albertville|Albertville|111,839|2,466.1||74|
|732|Chambéry|Chambéry|271,647|1,586.1||155|
|733|Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne|Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne|43,438|1,976.0||56|

## History

Since its creation in 1860, the Savoie department has had few changes:
- 1860 : creation of the department from the southern part of the Duchy of Sardinia with four _arrondissements_: Chambéry, Albertville, Moûtiers and Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne. The capital was Chambéry.
- 1926 : the arrondissement of Moûtiers was eliminated and its territory became part of the arrondissement of Albertville.

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Albertville
- Arrondissement of Chambéry
- Arrondissement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
- List of arrondissements of France
Carman, Manitoba

**Carman** is a town in the Pembina Valley Region of southern Manitoba. As of 2021 about 3,100 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Carman
- **pushpin map**: Manitoba
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the province of Manitoba
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Manitoba
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Pembina Valley Region, Pembina Valley
- **subdivision type3**: Census divisions of Manitoba, Census division
- **subdivision name3**: Division No. 3, Manitoba, 3
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Brent Owen
- **leader title1**: MLA
- **leader name1**: Lauren Stone
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1870
- **established title2**: Incorporated (town)
- **established date2**: January 1, 1905
- **area total km2**: 4.32
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population total**: 3,114
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 880
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: R0G 0J0
- **area code**: 204 & 431
Michel Aoun

**Michel Aoun** (, ; born 18 February 1935) is a Lebanese politician. He was the 17th President of Lebanon from 31 October 2016 to 30 October 2022. He was elected on the 46th electoral session of the Lebanese parliament, breaking a 29-month deadlock. He is a Maronite Christian and the founder of the Free Patriotic Movement.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Michel Aoun

- **honorific-suffix**: Order of Merit (Lebanon), OM National Order of the Cedar, ONC
- **image**: Secretary Tillerson Meets With Lebanese President Aoun (25411846517) (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 17th President of Lebanon
- **primeminister**: Tammam Salam
Saad Hariri
Hassan Diab
Najib Mikati
- **term start**: 31 October 2016
- **term end**: 30 October 2022
- **predecessor**: Tammam Salam
- **successor**: Najib Mikati (acting)
Joseph Aoun
- **term start1**: 22 September 1988
- **term end1**: 13 October 1990*

- **predecessor1**: Amine Gemayel
- **successor1**: Elias Hrawi
- **office2**: 28th Prime Minister of Lebanon

- **term start2**: 22 September 1988
- **term end2**: 13 October 1990*
- **predecessor2**: Selim Hoss
- **successor2**: Selim Hoss
- **birth place**: Haret Hreyk, Greater Lebanon, Lebanon
- **party**: Free Patriotic Movement
- **otherparty**: March 8 Alliance
- **spouse**: Nadia El-Chami
- **children**: 3
- **branch**: Lebanese Armed Forces, Lebanese Army
- **serviceyears**: 1958–1991
- **rank**: General officer, General
- **battles**: Lebanese Civil War
- **footnotes**:
Jesús Mosterín

**Jesús Mosterín** (1941 – 4 October 2017) was a Spanish philosopher and a thinker of broad spectrum, often at the frontier between science and philosophy. He was born in Bilbao, Spain. His works are based off Bertrand Russell’s _History of Western Philosophy_, whose foreword he composed, Some of the books of the series are devoted, for example, to Archaic thought, Aristotle and the philosophy of India.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 1993.
Chittani Ramachandra Hegde

**Chittani Ramachandra Hegde** (1 January 1933 – 3 October 2017) was an Indian artist. He was one of the most popular Yakshagana artiste from Honnavara, Uttara Kannada, Karnataka (his birthplace). He was awarded with Padma Shri award in 2012. His career lasted until his death in 2017. Hegde was the first artist performing Yakshagana, to receive Padmashri award and he dedicated the award to "Yakshagana".

Hegde died of a stroke complicated by pneumonia at a hospital in Mumbai, India on 3 October 2017 at the age of 84.
Davoud Ahmadinejad

**Davoud Ahmadinejad** (13 March 1950 – 4 October 2017) was an Iranian politician and older brother of former Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Parvin Ahmadinejad. He was born in Aradan, Iran.

After the election of his brother as president in 2005, he was appointed as the head of the Presidential Inspection Commission.

In 2013, Ahmadinejad ran for President of Iran in the presidential election in 2013, but withdrew before the election was held.

On 4 October 2017, Ahmadinejad died in Tehran of a heart attack at the age of 67.
Vanaheimr

In Norse mythology, **Vanaheimr** (Old Norse for "home of the Vanir") is one of the Nine Worlds and home of the Vanir. The Vanir are the gods of fertility, wisdom, and the ability to see the future.

Vanaheimr is described in the _Poetic Edda_; which was put together in the 13th century from earlier stories. The _Prose Edda_ and _Heimskringla_ were both written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. In the _Poetic Edda_ and the _Prose Edda_, Vanaheimr is said to be the location where the Van god Njörðr was raised. In Norse cosmology, Vanaheimr is considered one of the Nine Worlds.
Álfheimr

**Alfheim** is a place in Norse mythology. It is the home of the Light Elves.
Bradford Bishop

**William Bradford Bishop Jr.** (born August 1, 1936) is a former United States Foreign Service officer. He has been a fugitive from justice since allegedly killing five members of his family in 1976. On April 10, 2014, the FBI placed him on the list of its Ten Most Wanted Fugitives.

His last posting, which began in 1974, was at State Department Headquarters in Washington, D.C. as an Assistant Chief in the Division of Special Activities and Commercial Treaties.

Bishop was born in Pasadena, California. He studied at UCLA and at Yale University.

In 1976, after getting upset for not getting a work promotion, Bishop bought a sledgehammer and a shovel and murdered his wife and three children as they slept at their home in Bethesda, Maryland. With the bodies loaded into the station wagon, Bishop allegedly drove , about a six-hour drive, to a densely wooded swamp off North Carolina Highway 94, about  south of Columbia, North Carolina. He would later burn the bodies and bury them in near the swamp.

Bishop has been spotted several placed in Europe by former State Department employees in Italy, Stockholm and in Switzerland.

In 2011, it was believed that Bishop died in Hong Kong and later in France, these proved to be false. In 2014, the FBI exhumed the body of an Alabama man who was killed in a road accident in 1981, believing he was Bishop. After DNA of the man was tested it was revealed the dead man was not Bishop and that he remains alive.
Exhumation

**Exhumation** is the act of digging up, especially a corpse. This is most often done to relocate a body to a different burial spot.

Families may make this decision to locate the deceased in a more pertinent or convenient place. In shared family burial sites (e.g. a married couple), if the previously deceased person has been buried for an insufficient period of time the second body may be buried elsewhere until it is safe to move it to the requested grave.

In most jurisdictions a legal exhumation usually requires a court order or permission by the next of kin of the deceased. Also in many countries permits are required by some governing agency like the board of health in order to legally conduct a disinterment.
Electron hole

An **electron hole** (often simply called a hole) is the absence or lack of an electron where an electron would normally be in an atom. Because electrons are negative and their charges are balanced by the positive protons, electron holes are positive in charge. Electron holes are not particles, they are classified as quasiparticles. Electron holes are different to positrons, which are the antiparticle to the electron. When electrons change energy levels, they leave an electron hole in their place.

## Related pages

- Electron
- Atom
- Exciton
- Energy level
Exciton

An **exciton** is an electron bound to an electron hole. It is neutrally charged (because the negative charge of the electron is balanced by the positive charge of the electron hole) and is a quasiparticle.
Charles J. Pedersen

**Charles John Pedersen** (October 3, 1904  – October 26, 1989) was an American chemist. He received the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Donald James Cram and Jean-Marie Lehn. He specialized in organic chemistry.

Pedersen had a Norwegian father and a Japanese mother. He was born in Busan, Korea and died in Salem, New Jersey.

## References

- Charles J. Pedersen's Family Website
- The Journal of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan. Page 41. 1987

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Charles John Pedersen
- **birth place**: Busan, Korean Empire
- **death place**: Salem, New Jersey, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **field**: Organic chemistry
- **alma mater**: University of Dayton, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- **work institutions**: DuPont
- **prizes**: Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1987)
John R. Miller

**John Ripin Miller** (May 23, 1938 – October 4, 2017) was an American politician. He was born in New York City.

Miller was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1985 to 1993. He represented the  of Washington as a Republican. While in Congress he championed human rights in the Soviet Union, China and South Africa.

Miller served as the director, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons for the U.S. State Department, with the rank of Ambassador-at-Large from 2002 through 2006 during the George W. Bush administration.

Miller died of cancer on October 4, 2017 in Corte Madera, California at the age of 79.

## Other websites

- State Department Biography
- Seattle City Council Members, 1869-Present Chronological Listing, Seattle City Archives. Accessed online July 19, 2008.
Don J. Wright

**Don J. Wright** is an American physician and government official. He is the current acting United States Secretary of Health and Human Services. Wright was designated by Donald Trump after his predecessor, Tom Price, resigned on September 29, 2017.

From 2003 to 2007, Wright was Director of the Office of Occupational Medicine for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Wright was replaced by Eric Hargan as the new acting Health Secretary by President Trump on October 10, 2017.

Wright started at HHS in 2007, as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health. In 2009, he became Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health Care Quality, and in 2012, he was named Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health and Director of the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.

## Other websites

- Biography at U.S. Department of Health & Human Services

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Don Wright official portrait.jpg
- **office**: United States Secretary of Health and Human Services

- **president**: Donald Trump
- **deputy**: Colleen Barros
- **term start**: September 29, 2017
- **term end**: October 10, 2017
- **predecessor**: Tom Price
- **successor**: Eric Hargan
- **office1**: United States Assistant Secretary for Health

- **president1**: Donald Trump
- **term start1**: February 10, 2017
- **predecessor1**: Karen DeSalvo
- **president2**: George W. Bush
- **term start2**: September 4, 2007
- **term end2**: March 28, 2008
- **predecessor2**: John O. Agwunobi
- **successor2**: Joxel García
- **birth place**: Texas, United States
- **education**: Texas Tech University, Texas Tech University, Lubbock
University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas, Austin
Medical College of Wisconsin
Cold as Ice (Foreigner song)

**"Cold as Ice"** is a 1977 pop rock song. The song is from music group Foreigner. The lyrics for the song speak of a man accusing a woman of spoiling an intimate relationship.

The song peaked at #6 on the U.S. _Billboard_ Hot 100.

American rapper Kanye West used a sample for his song "Cold". Rapper B.o.B sampled the chorus of the song for his song "Cold as Ice" in 2010.

A cover version was heard during a commercial for Wendy's in Super Bowl LI in 2017.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Cold as Ice
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Foreigner (band), Foreigner
- **album**: Foreigner (album), Foreigner
- **b-side**: I Need You
- **recorded**: 1976
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **length**: 3:18 (single)
3:19 (album)
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **writer**: Lou Gramm, Mick Jones (Foreigner), Mick Jones
- **producer**: Gary Lyons, John Sinclair
- **prev title**: Feels Like the First Time
- **prev year**: 1977
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Earlsfield

**Earlsfield** is an area in the London Borough of Wandsworth, London, England.
Friedrich von Löffelholz

**Friedrich von Löffelholz** (7 March 1953 – 2 October 2017) was a German cyclist. He was born in Nuremberg, Germany. He competed in the team time trial event at the 1976 Summer Olympics.

Von Löffelholz died on October 2, 2017 at the age of 62.
Sevgein

**Sevgein** was a municipality of the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Sevgein, Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Sevgein
- **image photo**: Sevgein.jpg
- **municipality name**: Sevgein
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Sevgein wappen.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Sevgein.png
- **languages**: German, Romansh
- **canton**: Graubünden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GR
- **district**: Surselva (district), Surselva
- **postal code**: 7127
- **municipality code**: 3584
- **area**: 4.60
- **elevation**: 861
- **population**: 198
- **populationof**: Dec 2011
- **places**: Isla
- **neighboring municipalities**: Castrisch, Cumbel, Ilanz, Luven, Pitasch, Riein
North Delhi

**North Delhi** is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India.

North Delhi is bounded by the Yamuna River on the east, and by the districts of North West Delhi to the north and west, West Delhi to the southwest, Central Delhi to the south,  and North East Delhi to the east across the Yamuna.

Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Sadar Bazar, Kotwali, and Civil Lines.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census North Delhi has a population of 883,418, roughly equal to the nation of Fiji or the US state of Delaware. This gives it a ranking of 468th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of  . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.04%. North Delhi has a sex ratio of 871 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 86.81%.
North West Delhi

**North West Delhi** is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census North West Delhi has a population of 3,651,261, roughly equal to the nation of Liberia or the US state of Oklahoma. This gives it a ranking of 78th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of  . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was  27.63%. North West Delhi has a sex ratio of 862 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 84.66%.

## Other websites

- North West Delhi District, Official website
- Detailed Map of North West Delhi District
- http://www.onefivenine.com/india/villag/North-West-Delhi List of places in North-West-Delhi
West Delhi

**West Delhi** is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India. It has an area of 129 km², with a population density of nearly 14,000 persons per km². Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Patel Nagar, Rajouri Garden, and Punjabi Bagh. Major residential and commercial areas of Delhi like Janakpuri and Tilak Nagar are located in West Delhi.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census West Delhi has a population of 2,531,583, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 169th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of  . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was  18.91%. West Delhi has a sex ratio of 876 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 87.12%.

## Other websites

- West Delhi District official website
- http://www.onefivenine.com/india/villag/West-Delhi List of places in West-Delhi
Central Delhi

**Central Delhi** is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India.

It is bounded by the Yamuna River on the east, and by the districts of North Delhi to the north, West Delhi and South West Delhi to the west, New Delhi to the south, and East Delhi to the east across the Yamuna..

It has a population of 644,005 (2001 census), and an area of , with a population density of 25,759 persons per km².

Central Delhi houses the central business district and highrises. It includes Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi) which served as capital of the Mughal Empire, and is home to the monuments like the Delhi Fort and the Jama Masjid, Delhi's principal mosque.

Administratively, the district is divided into two subdivisions, Darya Ganj, & Pahar Ganj.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census Central Delhi has a population of 578,671, roughly equal to the nation of Solomon Islands or the US state of Wyoming. This gives it a ranking of 531st in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of  . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was  -10.48%.	Central Delhi	has a sex ratio of 	892	females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 85.25%.

## Other websites

- Central Delhi District official website
- Central Delhi District Census 2011 Data
- http://www.onefivenine.com/india/villag/state/Delhi List of places in Delhi
South Delhi

**South Delhi** is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India.

It is bounded by the Yamuna River to the east, the districts of New Delhi to the north, Faridabad District of Haryana state to the southeast, Gurgaon District of Haryana to the southwest, and South West Delhi to the west.

It has a population of 2,258,367 (2001 census), and an area of , with a population density of 9,034 persons per km² (23,397 persons per mi²).

Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Saket, Hauz Khas, and Mehrauli.

The division shown on the map for South Dehli is only administrative. For the common citizen, broadly speaking Delhi is vaguely ring-like, having five regions, namely North, West, South, East and Central. The usage of the term South Delhi in day-to-day life expands from Delhi's IGI Airport in the South West to the river Yamuna in the South East. This is a region going into the administrative South West Delhi district.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census South Delhi has a population of 2,733,752, roughly equal to the nation of Jamaica or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 144th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of  . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was  20.59%. South Delhi has a sex ratio of 859 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 87.03%.

## Other websites

- South Delhi District Official website
South West Delhi district

**South West Delhi** is one of the eleven administrative districts of the National Capital Territory of Delhi,India. The Subcity of Dwarka serves as the administrative headquarters of South West Delhi.

It is bounded by the districts of West Delhi to the north, Central Delhi to the northeast, New Delhi and South Delhi to the east, Gurgaon District of Haryana state to the south, and Jhajjar District of Haryana to the west. Rajbir Yadav from Chhawla Block Congress Committee is Alderman of South Delhi District of MCD.

It has a population of 2,292,363 (2011 census), and an area of 420 km², with a population density of  5,445 inhabitants per square kilometre. It is the fourth most populous district in Delhi.

Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Dwarka, Najafgarh and Kapas Hera.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census South West Delhi has a population of 2,292,363 roughly equal to the nation of Latvia or the US state of New Mexico. This gives it a ranking of 198th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was  30.62%. South West Delhi has a sex ratio of 836 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 88.81%.

## Other websites

- South West Delhi District Official website
- http://www.onefivenine.com/india/villag/South-West-Delhi List of places in South-West-Delhi
South East Delhi district

**South East Delhi** is a revenue district of Delhi, India. Defence Colony, Kalkaji and Sarita Vihar are part of this district.

This district is a part of South Delhi Lok Sabha constituency.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: South East Delhi
- **settlement type**: List of districts of Delhi, District
- **pushpin map**: India New Delhi
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Delhi, India
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Delhi
- **established title**: Created
- **established date**: 1997
- **seat type**: Headquarters
- **governing body**: Municipal Corporation Of Delhi
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Hindi language, Hindi, English language, English
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **blank1 name sec1**: Lok Sabha constituencies
- **blank1 info sec1**: South Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency), South Delhi Lok Sabha constituency
- **blank2 name sec1**: Civic agency
- **blank2 info sec1**: Municipal Corporation Of Delhi
North East Delhi

**North East Delhi** is one of the eleven administrative districts of Delhi, India. The District was established in 1997.

North East Delhi borders Yamuna River on the west, Ghaziabad District to the north and east, East Delhi to the south, and North Delhi to the west across the Yamuna. This area is densely populated with very slow development as compared to other districts. No development took place here even during Commonwealth Games makeover of other districts of Delhi. For public transport people are totally dependent upon overloaded sharing Autos. Half of the roads are covered by street hawkers. Exits connecting this place districts (Shastri Park and Wazirabad) with other parts are fully choked in peak hours.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, North East Delhi had a population of 2,241,624, roughly equal to the nation of Latvia, or the United States state of New Mexico. This gives it a ranking of 202nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of  . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 26.78%. North East Delhi has a sex ratio of 886 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 83.09%.

## Other websites

- North East Delhi official website
- East Delhi Information Portal

- http://www.onefivenine.com/india/villag/North-West-Delhi
East Delhi

**East Delhi** (a.k.a. **Trans Yamuna**) is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India.

It is bounded by the Yamuna River on the west, North East Delhi to the north, Ghaziabad District of Uttar Pradesh state to the east, and Gautam Buddha Nagar District of Uttar Pradesh to the south.

It has a population of 1,448,770 (2001 census) and an area of 64 km², with a population density of 22,638 persons per km².

Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions: Gandhi Nagar, Preet Vihar, and Shahdara

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census East Delhi has a population of 1,707,725, roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia or the US state of Nebraska. This gives it a ranking of 284th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of  . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 16.68%.	East Delhi has a sex ratio of 883 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 88.75%.

## Other websites

- East Delhi official website
- East Delhi Census 2011 Data
- educationplus/article3318555.ece Preparing youth to meet industry needs
Daman district, India

**Daman district** is one of the three districts of the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu on the western coast of India.

It is surrounded by Valsad District of Gujarat state on the north, east and south and the Persian Gulf to the west. The district has an area of , and a population of 191,173 at the 2011 census, an increase of 69.256% from the preceding 2001 Census.

Daman lies at the mouth of the Daman Ganga River.  Major industries have units here. The closest railway station is Vapi (7 km). It is also famous for its beach, Portuguese colonial architecture, churches, and for the scenic beauty in the twin towns of Nani-Daman and Moti-Daman, which lie opposite each other across the Daman Ganga.

The district is infamous for having the least balanced sex ratio in the country.  The chief occupation has been fishing. The city of Surat lies to the north, and Mumbai lies approximately 160 km (100 mi) south of Daman on the Arabian Sea coast in Maharashtra state.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census Daman District, India has a population of 191,173, roughly equal to the nation of Samoa.  This gives it a ranking of 592nd in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of  . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was  69.256%. Daman has a sex ratio of 533 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 88.06%.

## Further reading

- Andrada (undated). _The Life of Dom John de Castro: The Fourth Vice Roy of India_. Jacinto Freire de Andrada. Translated into English by Peter Wyche. (1664). Henry Herrington, New Exchange, London. Facsimile edition (1994) AES Reprint, New Delhi..

## Other websites

- Government of the Union Territory of Daman and Diu
Nicobar district

**Nicobar district** is one of three districts in the Indian Union Territory (UT) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The district's administrative territory consists of all of the Nicobar Islands, which are located in the Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal, bordering with the Andaman Sea). The headquarters of the district is located on the island of Car Nicobar.

The district administration is headed by a Deputy Commissioner, who in turn reports into the Lieutenant Governor of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

It is the fifth least populous district in the country (out of 640).

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census Nicobar district has a population of 36844, roughly equal to the nation of Liechtenstein.  This gives it a ranking of 636th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of  . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was  -12.48%.	Nicobars	has a sex ratio of 	778	females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 77.5%.

The district is designated as an Integrated Tribal District, and is home to significant numbers of indigenous peoples (namely, the Nicobarese and the Shompen, classified as Scheduled Tribes according to the Constitution of India), who form the majority of the district's population. Because of its status as a tribal area, travel to the district is restricted to Indian nationals, and special permit restrictions apply.

The district was severely affected by the tsunami that was caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, which led to many deaths and damaged infrastructure.

## Other websites

- Nicobar district official website
- Nicobar district atlas
North and Middle Andaman district

**North and Middle Andaman district** is one of the 3 districts of the Indian Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal. Mayabunder town is the district headquarters. The area covered by this district is 3251.85 km<sup>2</sup>.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census North and Middle Andaman district has a population of 105,539, roughly equal to the nation of Tonga.  This gives it a ranking of 614th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of  . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was -0.07%. North And Middle Andaman has a sex ratio of 925 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 84.25%.

The majority of the population of this district are Bengalis.

## Other websites

- North and Middle Andaman district official website
Johnson County, Wyoming

**Johnson County** is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The population was 8,447 as of the 2020 census. The county seat is Buffalo. The only other incorporated town in the county is Kaycee.

### City

- Buffalo (county seat)

### Town

- Kaycee

### Unincorporated communities

- Hazelton
- Linch
- Saddlestring
- Sussex

## Other websites

- Johnson County official website

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Johnson County
- **flag**: Flag of Johnson County, Wyoming.gif
- **state**: Wyoming
- **founded**: December 8, 1875 (authorized)
1881 (organized)
- **seat wl**: Buffalo
- **largest city**: Buffalo
- **area total sq mi**: 4175
- **area land sq mi**: 4154
- **area water sq mi**: 20
- **area percentage**: 0.5%
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 8447
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **web**: www.johnsoncountywyoming.org
- **time zone**: Mountain
- **ex image**: Johnson County Courthouse Wyoming.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Johnson County Courthouse
- **district**: At-large
South Andaman district

**South Andaman district** is one of the 3 districts of the Indian Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal. Port Blair town, the capital of the Union Territory is the district headquarters. The area covered by this district is 2980 km².

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census South Andaman district has a population of 237,586, roughly equal to the nation of Vanuatu.  This gives it a ranking of 584th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of  . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was  13.97%. South Andaman has a sex ratio of 874 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 88.49%.

Four Andamanese indigenous peoples, namely, Onges, Jarawas, Great Andamanese and Sentinalese live in this district.

## Other websites

- South Andaman district official website