Oryol

**Oryol** or **Orel** (, lit. _eagle_), also known as **Oriol**, is the largest city in and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast. It is on the Oka River, around  south-southwest of Moscow. It is part of the Central Federal District and the Central Economic Region.

## History

Oryol was a fortress town in Russia for several centuries. It was looted by Polish forces in 1611 and 1615. It was rebuilt in 1636. The fortress was taken apart in the 18th century.

During WW2, the city was almost fully destroyed during Operation Kutuzov.

## Geography

Oryol is on the banks of the Oka River and its tributary the Orlik river. It is in the Central Russian Upland of the East European Plain.

### Climate

Oryol has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification _Dfb_). It has cold winters and warm summers.

## Demographics

According to the Federal State Statistics Service, in January 2020 the number of residents came to 308 838. It is the 66th place among 1117 cities of Russia for 2019.

Largest ethnic groups in 2010:

- Russians (96,8%)
- Ukrainians (1,1%)
- Armenians (0,4%)
- Belarusians (0,3%)
- Azerbaijanis (0,2%)
- Tatars (0,1%)
- Jews (0,1%)

### Twin towns – sister cities

Oryol is twinned with:

- Razgrad, Bulgaria (1968)
- Offenbach am Main, Germany (1988)
- Leeuwarden, The Netherlands (1990-2002)
- Zhodzina, Belarus (2016)
- Mary, Turkmenistan (2017)

### Partner cities

- Kaluga, Russia (2003)
- Kolpino, Russia (2010)
- Kolpinsky District, Russia (2010)
- Novosibirsk, Russia (2014)
- Volokolamsky District, Russia (2014)
- Novi Sad, Serbia (2017)
- Maribor, Slovenia (2017)
- Penza, Russia (2018)

## References

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## Other websites

- Official website of Oryol
- Unofficial website of Oryol
- The murder of the Jews of Oryol  during World War II, at Yad Vashem website.

## Infobox (russian inhabited locality)

- **en name**: Oryol
- **ru name**: Орёл
- **image caption**: **Left**:A 400th anniversary monument of Oryol, Oryol City Hall, Ivan Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev nonument in Krituri Oddri Park, **Right**:Lenina (Lenin) Square and Theotokos Smolensk Church, Oryol Eagle Monument in Privokzalnaya Square, Orink River and Oryol financial heritage building, Orzol Saint Michael Church, (all item from above to bottom)
- **image flag**: Flag of Oryol.svg
- **image coa**: Coat of arms of Orel.svg
- **holiday**: August 5
- **federal subject**: Oryol Oblast
- **adm inhabloc jur**: city of federal subject significance, city of oblast significance of Oryol
- **adm ctr of1**: Oryol Oblast
- **adm ctr of2**: city of oblast significance of Oryol
- **adm ctr of3**: Orlovsky District, Oryol Oblast, Orlovsky District
- **inhabloc cat**: City
- **urban okrug jur**: Oryol Urban Okrug
- **mun admctr of1**: Oryol Urban Okrug
- **mun admctr of2**: Orlovsky Municipal District
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Yuri Parakhin
- **elevation m**: 170
- **area km2**: 121.21
- **pop 2010census**: 317747
- **pop 2010census rank**: 57th
- **pop latest**: 303696
- **pop latest date**: 2021
- **time zone ref**: MSK
- **established date**: 1566
- **postal codes**: 302000–302999
- **dialing codes**: 4862
- **website**: http://www.orel-adm.ru/
- **date**: June 2020


## Infobox (infobox)

- **title**: Oryol population
- **label1**: Russian Empire Census, 1897 Census
- **data1**: 70 000
- **label2**: First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union, 1926 Census
- **data2**: 76 000
- **label3**: 1939 Census
- **data3**: 110 564
- **label4**: Soviet Census (1959), 1959 Census
- **data4**: 151 521
- **label5**: Soviet Census (1970), 1970 Census
- **data5**: 232 216
- **label6**: Soviet Census (1979), 1979 Census
- **data6**: 304 971
- **label7**: Soviet Census (1989), 1989 Census
- **data7**: 336 862
- **label8**: Russian Census (2002), 2002 Census
- **data8**: 333 310
- **label9**: Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census
- **data9**: 317 747
- **label10**: Estimate 2021
- **data10**: 303 696