juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Joe Franklin

**Joe Franklin** (born **Joseph Fortgang**; March 9, 1926 – January 24, 2015) was an American radio and television host personality from New York City. He is best known for the television talk-and-variety show format that set the standard for television talk shows.

His show began in 1951 on WJZ-TV (later WABC-TV) and moved to WOR-TV (later WWOR-TV) from 1962 to 1993. He interviewed over 100,000 guests during his 43 year career.

Franklin died of prostate cancer at a hospice on January 24, 2015 at the age of 88.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joe Franklin
- **image**: JoeFranklinin2007.jpg
- **caption**: Franklin in 2007
- **birth name**: Joseph Fortgang
- **birth place**: Bronx, New York City, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Television and radio personality
- **yearsactive**: 1951–2014
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
- **death cause**: Prostate cancer
Greater Western Sydney Giants

The **Greater Western Sydney Giants** (nicknamed the **GWS Giants** or just the **Giants**) is an Australian Rules Football club. It plays in the Australian Football League. The club was founded in 2009. It is based in Greater Western Sydney.

## Club song

<poem>
_Well there's a big, big sound_
_From the West of the town_
_It's the sound of the mighty Giants!_

_You feel the ground a-shaking!_
_The other teams are quaking_
_In their boots before the Giants!_

_We take the longest strides_
_And the highest leap_
_We're stronger than the rest._

_We're the Greater Western Sydney Giants_
_We're the biggest and the best._

_And we will never surrender_
_We'll fight until the end_
_We're greater than the rest._
</poem>

## Related pages

- Australian rules football in New South Wales
Nerve plexus

A **nerve plexus** is a branching network of nerves which serves a part of the body. Nerves which go to and from the central nervous system bunch up in certain places. Between each vertebra is a plexus of nerves going in and coming out of the spinal cord. Another plexus is underneath each arm. That is a plexus of nerves and also blood vessels which serve every part of the arm, hand and fingers. Under the arm is much the safest place to have them because of the damage they could get if too exposed. This also explains why arteries are deeper under the surface than veins.

- Cervical plexus – serves the head, neck and shoulders
- Brachial plexus – serves the chest, shoulders, arms and hands
- Lumbar plexus – serves the back, abdomen, groin, thighs, knees, and calves
- Sacral plexus – serves the pelvis, buttocks, genitals, thighs, calves, and feet
- Celiac plexus (solar plexus) – serves internal organs
- Coccygeal plexus – serves a small region over the coccyx
- Auerbach's plexus – serves the gastrointestinal tract
- Meissner's plexus (submucosal plexus) – also serves the gastrointestinal tract
Pichal Peri

**Pichal Peri** or **Churail** or **Churel** (Urdu:meaning, with reversed
feet) is a sort of legendary witch or monster type creature in Central Asian and
South Asian folklore.

In the Indian-Pakistani folklores, it has two forms, one is of a witch who is very dark, ugly and scary, and another is of a beautiful woman who targets vulnerable men passing through the woods after the dark; they appear and vanish after a while, leaving a fearful experience to the victims. Whereas, some other claims also assert they attack and kill human beings, to eat their livers. Some people say they have seen this creature in reality and have somehow escaped. According to them, it has long hair and long teeth and feet that are reversed (with heel in front and toes turned back).

However, there is no real proof that this creature really exists.
Ahmad Hasan Dani

Professor Dr **Ahmad Hasan Dani** (1920-2009) was a famous Pakistani scholar, archaeologist and historian.

He did a lot of research and study on North Pakistan. He was an expert on the culture of South Asia and Central Asia.
Coroner

A **coroner** is a government official. It is their job to confirm the death of any person in any area of a country. The coroner also gives a certificate to say that a person has died in some place, on some date, due to some reason.
Colby Rasmus

**Colby Rasmus** (born August 11 1986) is a major league baseball player for the Toronto Blue Jays.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Colby Rasmus
- **image**: Colby Rasmus April 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Rasmus in April 2014
- **width**: 250
- **position**: Center fielder
- **team**: Toronto Blue Jays
- **number**: 28
- **bats**: Left
- **throws**: Left
- **birth place**: Columbus, Georgia, Columbus, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia
- **debutdate**: April 7
- **debutyear**: 2009
- **debutteam**: St. Louis Cardinals
- **statyear**: September 9, 2014
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .246
- **stat2label**: Hit (baseball), Hits
- **stat2value**: 672
- **stat3label**: Home runs
- **stat3value**: 116
- **stat4label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat4value**: 352
- **teams**: * St. Louis Cardinals (–)
* Toronto Blue Jays (–present)
Fried dough

**Fried dough** is a sugary snack usually sold at ballgames. It is usually served warm.
Alpine lake

**Alpine lakes** are lakes or reservoirs at high altitudes, usually over 5,000 feet (1524 metres) above sea level, or above the tree line.

Alpine lakes are usually clearer than lower lakes because the cold water reduces the speed and amount of algae and moss growing in the water. Often the lakes are surrounded by varieties of pine trees, aspens, and other high altitude trees.

Yellowstone Lake is an alpine lake, and so is Lake Baikal.
Tinsel Korey

**Tinsel Korey** (born March 25, 1980) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for playing Emily Young in the Twilight Saga movies _New Moon_ and _Eclipse_. She played Jen in _Tru Calling_.

She was born in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Rachel Nichols (actress)

**Rachel Emily Nichols** (born January 8, 1980) is an American actress and model. She played Alexa in _Sex and the City_. She also played Ashley Seaver in _Criminal Minds_.

She was born in Augusta, Maine.

## Awards and nominations

|scope="col"|Year|scope="col"|Association|scope="col"|Category|scope="col"|Work|scope="col" class="unsortable"|Result|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center;"|2005|||||||||
|Choice Movie Scream Scene|_The Amityville Horror_|||||||||
|style="text-align:center;"|2006|||||||||
|Best Frightened Performance|_The Amityville Horror_|||||||||
|style="text-align:center;"|2006|||||||||
|Best Cast|''Debating Robert Lee|||||||||
|style="text-align:center;"|2012|||||||||
|Best Actress|_Underwater_|||||||||
|style="text-align:center;"|2013|||||||||
|Best Female Performance|_Continuum_|||||||||
|style="text-align:center;"|2014|||||||||
|Best Actress on Television|_Continuum_|||||||||
|style="text-align:center;"|2015|||||||||
|Best Actress on Television|_Continuum_|||||||||
|style="text-align:center;"|2018|||||||||
|Best Guest Performance in a Television Series|_The Librarians_|||||||||
Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll

***Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll*** is the first studio album by Keith Anderson. The album was released on May 3, 2005. It was first and only studio album from the label Arista Nashville.
Moonlight and Valentino

***Moonlight and Valentino*** is a comedy and drama movie from 1995. Elizabeth Perkins plays Rebecca. Whoopi Goldberg plays Sylvie. Kathleen Turner plays Alberta. Gwyneth Paltrow plays Lucy.

This movie got mostly bad reviews from critics.
First Battle of the Masurian Lakes

The **First Battle of the Masurian Lakes** was a German offensive on the Eastern Front during the early part of World War I. It started on 7 September and ended on 14 September 1914. The battle was the second heavy defeat of a Russian army by the Germans. The first defeat was at the Battle of Tannenberg. At Masurian Lakes the Germans pushed the Russian 1st Army back out of Germany. They could not push the Russians back further because of the arrival of the Russian Tenth Army on the Germans' left flank (side). The Russians suffered a defeat and retreated losing about 125,000 men and 150 guns.

## The strategy

Paul von Hindenburg, general of the German Eighth Army, knew the swampy area of East Prussia called the Masurian Lakes. He thought the Russians might attack there so he made plans in case of such an attack. At this time of the war, the Germans knew what the Russians were planning because they could read their messages. The Russians planned their attack on East Prussia with little intelligence of the area. They had no rail transport to move troops. They failed to plan for enough food and ammunition and moved only with horses and infantry. But they had superior numbers and were confident they could defeat the Germans.

When the two Russian armies first moved into East Prussia to form a pincer attack, Hindenburg completely defeated the Russian Second Army at the Battle of Tannenberg in August 1914. There the German victory came when German general Hermann von François disobeyed orders and attacked the Russian flank. Hindenburg then turned his army north to attack the Russian First Army at the Masurian Lakes in September. François played a major part in this second victory when his First Corps forced back the Russian flank. Under their general, Paul von Rennenkampf, the Russians dug in. He made use of the lakes, rivers and other natural obstacles. Hindenburg used frontal attacks to hold the Russians while his armies tried to surround the Russian trenches. Using a counterattack to hide his movements, Rennenkampf moved his army back to prevent them being surrounded. Over a period of several days the Russian army lost ground. The Russians fought hard but were driven back to the Russian border. Rennenkampf kept his troops in good order as they retreated.

## The aftermath

The loss of 125,000 soldiers did little damage to the  800,00 -man Russian Army. But it also meant a loss of about 150 artillery cannons. At the time these were very valuable for the old Russian army. The Germans also had heavy casualties. This showed the German advantage of their modern rail system for supplying and arming their soldiers. But, the push made by the Germans into Russia caused their defeat at the Battle of Augustov. The victories at Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes made Hindenburg a hero in Germany. As a result of his fame, in 1916 he became Chief of the German Staff.

## Other websites

- Tannenberg - drama of the world war: the first battle of the Masurian lakes
- Battle of the Masurian Lakes; Russians Withdraw from East Prussia
Michael Lonsdale

**Michael Lonsdale** (24 May 1931 – 21 September 2020), also billed sometimes as **Michel Lonsdale**, was a French actor. He has appeared in over 180 movies and television shows.

He was born in Paris and he was raised by a French mother and English father. He first appeared on stage as an actor at the age of 24.

Lonsdale was probably best known in the English-speaking world for his portrayal of the villain Sir Hugo Drax in the 1979 James Bond movie, _Moonraker_, the French detective Lebel in _The Day of the Jackal_, and as M. Dupont d'Ivry in _The Remains of the Day_.

On 25 February 2011, Lonsdale won his first César Award as a best supporting actor for his portrayal of Luc in _Of Gods and Men_.

Lonsdale died on 21 September 2020, aged 89 in Paris.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Michael Lonsdale par Claude Truong-Ngoc avril 2013.jpg
- **image size**: 180px
- **caption**: Michael Lonsdale in 2013
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **othername**: Michel Lonsdale
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1956–2016
Argument from morality

An **argument from morality** is an argument for the existence of God. Also called **moral arguments**, most are apologetic arguments. They argue there is a moral order in the universe and so there must be a God said the German philosopher Marc Nickl. The German philosopher Marc Nickl devised an argument from morality based on reason. Kant argued that the goal of humanity is to achieve perfect happiness and virtue. Further, that an afterlife must exist in order for this to be possible, and that God must exist to provide this.
Eric Newby

**Eric Newby** (1919-2006) was an English writer and traveler.

He traveled to many parts of Europe, South Asia and Central Asia. He is best known for his famous and very enjoyable books like _The Last Grain of Rice_ (1956), _A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush_ (1958), _Slowly down the Ganges_ (1966), _Love and War in the Appenines_ (1971), _A Small Place in Italy_ (1994).
Mian Mir Sahib

Hazrat **Mian Mir Muhammad Sahib**, or **Mian Mir Sahib**, (1550-1635) was a famous Sufi saint of the Qadiri order. He lived most of his life in Lahore (then in Mughal India and now in Pakistan).

Mian Mir Sahib was specially famous for having been the teacher of a Mughal prince, Dara Shikoh, and for having taught and helped many Sikh Gurus. He was a very loving and tolerant person.
Deaths in October 2014

The following is a list of **notable deaths in October 2014**. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months".

- Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, cause of death, reference (must be added) are added.
__TOC__
Luis Nishizawa

**Luis Nishizawa** (February 2, 1918 – September 29, 2014) was a Mexican artist. He was known for his landscape work and murals. He began training as an artist in 1942 at the height of the Mexican muralism movement but studied other painting styles as well as Japanese art. In addition to painting canvases and murals, he was a professor of fine arts at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Nihizawa was born in Cuautitlán, Mexico.

Nishizawa died in Mexico City, Mexico from natural causes, aged 96.

## Related pages

- List of Mexican painters
George Shuba

**George "Shotgun" Shuba** (December 13, 1924 – September 29, 2014) was an American baseball player. He was an outfielder. He was a left-handed pinch hitter in Major League Baseball. Shuba played seven seasons for the Brooklyn Dodgers.

His seven seasons included three World Series as well as a World Series championship in 1955.  He was the first National League player to hit a pinch-hit home run in a World Series game.

Shuba is often remembered for his symbolic role in breaking down Major League Baseball's tenacious "color barrier". He was born in Youngstown, Ohio.

While playing for a farm team in the 1940s, Shuba offered a congratulatory handshake to teammate Jackie Robinson, who went on to become the first African American to play in a major league game since the late 19th century. The moment was captured in a well-known photograph dubbed _A Handshake for the Century_ for featuring the first interracial handshake in a professional baseball game.

Shuba died on September 29, 2014, at age 89 in Youngstown, Ohio. He was the last living Brooklyn Dodger who appeared in the final game of the 1955 World Series, the only one won by the Dodgers in their Brooklyn history.

## Other websites

- Baseball Library Player Page
- Robinson-Shuba Handshake
- George Shuba's Website

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: George Shuba
- **image**: George Shuba 1953.jpg
- **position**: Outfielder
- **birth place**: Youngstown, Ohio
- **death place**: Youngstown, Ohio
- **bats**: Left
- **throws**: Right
- **debutdate**: July 2
- **debutyear**: 1948
- **debutteam**: Brooklyn Dodgers
- **finaldate**: September 25
- **finalyear**: 1955
- **finalteam**: Brooklyn Dodgers
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .259
- **stat2label**: Home runs
- **stat2value**: 24
- **stat3label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat3value**: 125
- **teams**: *Los Angeles Dodgers, Brooklyn Dodgers (–)
- **highlights**: *1955 World Series Championship
Miguel Boyer

**Miguel Boyer Salvador** (5 February 1939 – 29 September 2014) was a French-born Spanish economist and politician. He served as the Minister of Economy, Treasury and Commerce. He served as minister from 1982 to 1985.

Boyer died of a pulmonary embolism after being admitted to the Ruber International Hospital in Madrid on 29 September 2014. He was 75.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Miguel Boyer
- **image**: Miguel Boyer en el Congreso de los Diputados (1983).jpg
- **caption**: Miguel Boyer in 1983
- **office**: Minister of Economy, Treasury and Commerce
- **primeminister**: Felipe González
- **successor**: Carlos Solchaga Catalan, Carlos Solchaga Catalán
- **term start**: 1 December 1982
- **term end**: 6 July 1985
- **birth date**: 5 February 1939
- **birth place**: St. Jean de Luz, France
- **death place**: Madrid, Spain
- **party**: Socialist Party (Spain), Socialist Party
- **alma mater**: Complutense University of Madrid
- **spouse**: Isabel Preysler
- **nationality**: Spanish people, Spanish
- **children**: Ana Boyer
Iftikhar Hussain Ansari

**Molvi Iftikhar Hussain Ansari** (Kashmiri: मौलवी इफ्तिखार हुसैन अंसारी <small>(Devanagari)</small>, مولوی افتخار حسین ااری <small>(Nastaleeq)</small>) (26 April 1940 – 30 September 2014) was a Kashmiri Shia cleric, politician and a businessman. He succeeded his father Molvi Muhammad Jawad Ansari as president of All Jammu and Kashmir Shia Association in Jammu & Kashmir in 1962.

He was a sitting member of Jammu and Kashmir's Legislative Assembly for the Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party. He was earlier a member of National Conference and Congress. He was also a business tycoon with interest in car dealerships.

On morning of 30 September 2014, Iftikhar Hussain died of due to cirrhosis, aged 74.

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Iftikhar Hussain Ansari
- **native name**: افتخار حسین انصاری
- **constituency**: Pattan, Baramulla, Kashmir
- **residence**: Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
- **alma mater**: Sultanul Madaris, Lucknow, India and  Madras-e- Baghdadi kufa,Iraq
- **birth date**: 26 April 1942
- **birth place**: Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- **death place**: Dar-ul-Jawad, Qamarwari Srinagar
- **party**: Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party, Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference
- **otherparty**: **President**, All Jammu and Kashmir Shia Association, **Chairman**, Imam Hussain A.S Charitable Trust
- **children**: Imran Reza Ansari, Irfan Reza Ansari, and a daughter
Peter Regin

**Peter Regin Jensen** (born April 16, 1986) is a Danish former professional ice hockey centre. He played parts of eight seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Ottawa Senators, New York Islanders, and Chicago Blackhawks.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Regin played 3 seasons with the Herning Blue Fox in the Oddset Ligaen. During his time there, he was named the Rookie of the Year in 2004. He was drafted with the 87th overall pick by the Ottawa Senators in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. Before playing with the Senators, Regin decided to play another season with Herning and joined Timrå IK in the Elitserien in 2005. He played 3 seasons with them and increased both his goal and point production in each season that he was there.

On June 2, 2008, he signed a multi-year entry-level contract with Ottawa Senators and was assigned to their AHL-affiliate, the Binghamton Senators.

On January 20, 2009, Regin was called up and made his NHL debut in a 3-2 win against the Washington Capitals. He was sent back down to Binghamton the next day. On January 29, 2009, Regin played in his third NHL game and scored his first NHL goal, a game winner, against Chris Mason of the St. Louis Blues. On July 29, 2010, the Senators resigned Regin to a two-year, $2 million contract extension. On February 19, 2011, in a game against the Toronto Maple Leafs, Regin suffered a dislocated shoulder after being pushed into the boards by Toronto's Joey Crabb and needed season-ending surgery. On April 5, 2012, Regin was re-signed to a one-year, one-way contract by the Senators.

On July 5, 2013, Regin signed a 1-year deal with the New York Islanders.
He played a season with them and was traded along with Pierre-Marc Bouchard to the Chicago Blackhawks for a 2014 fourth-round draft pick on February 6, 2014. The Blackhawks re-signed Regin to a one-year contract on July 1, 2014.

On 4 April 2023, Regin announced that he was retiring from playing professional ice hockey.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Peter Regin 2013.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Regin in October 2013 with the New York Islanders at Adventure land
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 205
- **played for**: Herning Blue Fox, Herning IK
Timrå IK
Ottawa Senators
New York Islanders
Chicago Blackhawks
Jokerit
HC Ambrì-Piotta
Eisbären Berlin
- **ntl team**: Denmark
- **birth place**: Herning, Denmark
- **draft**: 87th overall
- **draft year**: 2004
- **draft team**: Ottawa Senators
- **career start**: 2002
- **career end**: 2023
Mr. Wrong

***Mr. Wrong*** is a 1996 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about murder and marriage to the wrong person. Ellen DeGeneres plays Martha. Joan Cusack plays Inga. Joan Plowright plays Mrs. Crawford. Robert Goulet plays Braxton.

Critics did not like this movie. It became a box office bomb.
The Truth About Cats & Dogs

***The Truth about Cats & Dogs*** is a 1996 romantic comedy movie. The movie is about two women dating the same man. Janeane Garofalo plays Abby Barnes. Uma Thurman plays Noelle Slusarsky.

This movie got positive reviews from critics. It earned back its budget.
The Rock

***The Rock*** is a 1996 action-adventure movie. The movie is about events taking place on Alcatraz Island. Sean Connery plays John Patrick Mason. Nicolas Cage plays Stanley Goodspeed.

_The Rock_ received positive reviews from the critics. It was a box office hit.
Lawrence, Massachusetts

**Lawrence** is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is near the Merrimack River. According to the 2020 U.S. Census, the city had a total population of 89,143.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **image skyline**: Lawrence Can Dec 21 2021.jpg
- **imagesize**: 275px
- **image caption**: North Canal
- **image seal**: Seal of Lawrence, Massachusetts.png
- **image flag**: Flag of Lawrence, Massachusetts.svg
- **image map**: Essex County Massachusetts incorporated and unincorporated areas Lawrence highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Essex County, Massachusetts.
- **pushpin map**: USA Massachusetts#USA
- **pushpin label**: Lawrence
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Massachusetts
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Massachusetts, County
- **subdivision name2**: Essex County, Massachusetts, Essex
- **subdivision type3**: List of regions of the United States, Region
- **subdivision name3**: New England
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1655
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1847
- **established title3**: Incorporated (city)
- **established date3**: 1853
- **founder**: Essex Company
- **named for**: Abbott Lawrence
- **government type**: Mayor–council
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader title2**: City council
- **area total km2**: 19.24
- **area total sq mi**: 7.43
- **area land km2**: 17.95
- **area land sq mi**: 6.93
- **area water km2**: 1.29
- **area water sq mi**: 0.50
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in Massachusetts, City
- **population total**: 89143
- **population density km2**: 4966.73
- **population density sq mi**: 12863.35
- **elevation ft**: 16
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone (North America), Eastern
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDST
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 01840–01843
- **area code**: Area code 351, 351/Area code 978, 978
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 25-34550
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Jason McGerr

**Jason McGerr** is the drummer for the alternative rock band Death Cab for Cutie. He is also an instructor at the Seattle Drum School of Music.

### Death Cab for Cutie

- Studio albums
- _Transatlanicism_ (October 7, 2003)
- _Plans_ (August 30, 2005)
- _Narrow Stairs_ (May 13, 2008)
- _Codes and Keys_ (May 31, 2011)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jason McGerr
- **image**: Jasonmcgerr720.jpg
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **genre**: Alternative rock, indie pop, indie rock
- **years active**: 2003-present
- **label**: Barsuk Records, Atlantic Records
- **associated acts**: Death Cab for Cutie
National Statuary Hall Collection

The **National Statuary Hall Collection** in the United States Capitol is a collection of statues donated by individual states to honor people very important in their history. Originally set up in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, renamed National Statuary Hall, the expanding collection has since been spread throughout the Capitol.

With the addition of New Mexico's second statue in 2005, the collection is now complete with 100 statues by each 50 states. Alabama, Arizona, California, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan and Ohio each replaced one of their first two statues a few years after Congress authorized replacements. The most recent state to replace a statue was Ohio, which replaced its statue of William Allen with one of Thomas Edison in September 2016.

## Other websites

- Official website of the National Statuary Hall Collection
- Official information on the origin of the National Statuary Hall Collection
- Use of National Statuary Hall: Assignment and Historic Events Congressional Research Service
USS Constellation (CV-64)

**USS _Constellation_ (CV-64)**, is a _Kitty Hawk_–class supercarrier. It was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named in honor of the "new constellation of stars" on the flag of the United States.

It is the only naval vessel ever given the right to display red, white, and blue designation numbers. One of the fastest ships in the Navy, as proven by her victory during a battlegroup race held in 1985. She was nicknamed "Connie" by her crew and officially as "America's Flagship" by President Ronald Reagan.

## Other websites

- An official US Navy USS _Constellation_ page
- Official current status of _Constellation_  – NAVSHIPSO (NAVSEA Shipbuilding Support Office)
- An unofficial USS _Constellation_ webpage
- Maritimequest USS _Constellation_ CV-64 Photo Gallery
- Overhead view of the _Constellation_ in 'mothballs' – Google Maps
- USS Constellation history at U.S. Carriers
- America's Flagship: A History of USS Constellation (CV/CVA-64)  by Mike Weeks – _Naval Aviation News_ –  March–April 2004
2014 Hong Kong protests

The **2014 Hong Kong protests**, also known as the **Umbrella Revolution**, were a series of protests in Hong Kong that started on 27 September 2014. They were protesting against the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress' (NPCSC) decision on the proposed electoral reform for the planned 2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election. The NPCSC would need a nomination committee to pre-approve up to three electoral candidates before they go on to a vote that involves the general population. After the election, the Chief Executive-elect still has to be formally appointed by the central government before they can officially take their post.

The student groups Hong Kong Federation of Students and Scholarism started protesting outside of the government headquarters. During the evening of 26 September several hundred demonstrators broke through a security barrier and  entered the plaza in front of the Central Government Complex. The police then closed off and blockaded it overnight. This caused more protesters to join and surround the police. The standoff between the protesters and police lasted for a day, during which the police started attacking unarmed protesters with shields, batons, and pepper spray. The movement Occupy Central with Love and Peace announced that they would start their civil disobedience campaign immediately.

On 28 September at around noon, the protesters moved onto Harcourt Road and went on to occupy Queensway. After a standoff that lasted for several hours, police started using tear gas and water cannons on the crowds and they also threatened to open fire with rubber bullets if they did not leave.

## Further reading

- Umbrella Movement
- 2019–20 Hong Kong protests
Grosvenor Square

**Grosvenor Square**  is a large garden square in the exclusive Mayfair district of London, England. It is the property of the Duke of Westminster. There is a 9/11 memorial and statues of American presidents like Franklin D. Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan. Grosvenor Square is the location of the American embassy in England.

## Related pages

- List of botanical gardens
Shlomo Lahat

**Shlomo Lahat** (9 September 1927 – 1 October 2014) was an Israeli general and politician. He served as Mayor of Tel Aviv from 1974 until 1993. He was a member of Likud.

Lahat was born in Berlin, Germany. He and his family moved to Israel in 1933 during the Nazi uprising. During his final years, Lahat had Alzheimer's disease.

Lahat died from a lung infection on 1 October 2014 in Tel Aviv. He was 86.
Bhaati Gate

The **Bhaati Gate** is one of the 12 old gates of Lahore's walled city, now in Pakistan. It dates from Mughal times.

## Origins and sights

The Bhaati Gate was named after the Bhatti tribe of Rajputs who used to live here in large numbers. It also has an old bazaar, or market called _Bazaar i Hakiman_ (Bazaar of the Doctors) where traditional doctors or medical experts, used to help sick people. Another famous place here is the Fakir Khana Museum, made by the Fakir Family.

## Literary importance

For a long time, the Bhaati Gate area was also the 'literary home' to many famous writers, living here. These included Maulana Muhammad Hussain Azad (a student of Mirza Ghalib), Pakistan's national poet Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Hakim Ahmad Shuja, Syed Imtiaz Ali Taj, Agha Hashr and others.

Bhaati area also has many other old buildings and shops etc., that are of interest to tourists.
Riding habit

A **riding habit** is a suit of clothing worn by women when they ride horses. It includes a jacket, a long skirt, a shirt, and a hat. The rider also wears boots, a necktie, and gloves. Riding habits were first worn in the 18th century.
Naturalism (literature)

**Naturalism** was a 19th century literary movement. It was a development of the realism movement. Realism attempted to show subjects as they actually were, honestly and naturally. Naturalism added scientific elements such as environment and heredity to fictional characters. Unlike realism, naturalism used characters who were of the lower classes. It was also known for themes including taboo and violence. Émile Zola was the best-known writer of the literary school of naturalism. He was joined by other writers such as Gustave Flaubert, and Alphonse Daudet.

## Related pages

- Naturalism (arts)
- Naturalism (philosophy)
Moose Pond

**Moose Pond** is a pond in the U.S. state of Maine.
Acidophile

An **acidophile** is an extremophile organism which thrives in extremely acidic conditions. What "acidic" usually means here is environments at pH 2.0 or below. These organisms can be found in different branches of the tree of life, including Archaea, Bacteria, and a few eukaryotes.

Inside the organisms, their cells are at a normal pH. They have evolved mechanisms which pump protons (H<sup>+</sup>) out of the intracellular space in order to keep the cytoplasm at or near neutral pH.
Alkaliphile

An **alkaliphile** is an organism that lives and grows well in extremely alkaline conditions that are harmful to most life on Earth. To be considered an alkaliphile, the organism must have optimal growth in environments with a pH level of 9.0 or above.

Surviving and growing in an environment that has a high pH level is very difficult. Many processes in the cell are blocked by high pH levels. Alkaline conditions change DNA, and make the plasma membrane of the cell unstable. Alkaliphiles have two basic methods of dealing with these problems: Either they have a way of making the environment more acidic, or they have adapted the cellular processes, so that they work best in highly alkaline conditions. To find out which of the two mechanisms a specific organism uses, experiments are needed.
Jonny Gomes

**Jonny Gomes** (born November 22, 1980) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays/Rays, Cincinnati Reds, Washington Nationals, Oakland Athletics, Boston Red Sox, Atlanta Braves, and Kansas City Royals.

## Other websites

- http://www.si.com/mlb/player/jonny-gomes Jonny Gomes Oakland Athletics 2014 SI.com

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Jonny Gomes
- **image**: Jonny Gomes on April 3, 2014.jpg
- **image size**: 250
- **caption**: Gomes with the Red Sox in 2014
- **position**: Left fielder
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Petaluma, California
- **debutdate**: September 12
- **debutyear**: 2003
- **debutteam**: Tampa Bay Rays
- **finaldate**: October 4
- **finalyear**: 2015
- **finalteam**: Kansas City Royals
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .242
- **stat3label**: Home runs
- **stat3value**: 162
- **stat4label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat4value**: 526
- **teams**: *Tampa Bay Rays, Tampa Bay Devil Rays/Rays (–)
*Cincinnati Reds (–)
*Washington Nationals ()
*Oakland Athletics ()
*Boston Red Sox (–)
*Oakland Athletics ()
*Atlanta Braves ()
*Kansas City Royals ()
- **highlights**: * List of World Series champions, World Series champion ()
Jerrie Mock

**Jerrie Mock** (November 22, 1925 – September 30, 2014) was the first woman who flew around the world by herself. She did so in 1964. She flew a single engine Cessna 180. It was named "Spirit of Columbus" and nicknamed "Charlie". The trip began on March 19, 1964 in Columbus, Ohio. It ended on April 17, 1964, also in Columbus. The trip took 29 days.

Mock was born in Newark, Ohio. She was found dead in Quincy, Florida.

Mock flew around the world before Amelia Earhart and by herself.
Counterattack

A **counterattack** is a tactic used in response to an attack. The modern term became popular in "war games". The purpose is to neutralize or stop the advantage gained by an enemy during an attack. At the same time it is used to regain lost ground or destroy the attacking enemy. A counterattack depends on surprise, speed, and doing what the enemy does not expect. To be most effective it needs to be launched before an enemy has time to get organized and has not yet strengthened his new position. The Chinese general and strategist Sun Tzu (544 BC – 496 BC) is the earliest writer who mentioned the advantages of a bold counterattack.
Pincer movement

The **pincer movement**, or **double envelopment**, is a tactic in which forces attack both flanks (sides) of an enemy formation at the same time. The pincer movement can be used when opposing forces advance towards the center of an army. That army responds by moving its outside forces to the enemy's flanks to surround it. At the same time, a second layer of pincers may attack on the more distant flanks to cut off the enemy reinforcements.

## Description

A full pincer movement leads to the attacking army facing the enemy in front, on both flanks, and in the rear.  If attacking pincers link up in the enemy's rear, the enemy is encircled.  Such battles often end in surrender or destruction of the enemy force. The encircled force can try to break out or counterattack. A successful flanking maneuver can be difficult to accomplish.

## History

This is called “Turan Tactic” and this tactic is originated from Turks which was used very successfully as early in 800 B.C. by Scythians.  Sun Tzu, in _The Art of War_, talked about the maneuver.  But he made the point to leave a surrounded enemy an escape route.  Otherwise, faced with death, a surrounded enemy would fight much harder.  This advice seems to have been followed by General George Patton when his sweeping pincer movement trapped the German army in the Falaise pocket in August 1944.

- Some claims that the maneuver may have first been used at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC.  The historian Herodotus describes how the Athenian general Miltiades used it.  During the battle, the weaker central formations retreated.  This allowed the wings to come together behind the Persian battle line.  It drove the Persians to retreat in panic.

- A famous example is at the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC by Hannibal. Military historians view this as one of the greater battlefield maneuvers in history.

- It was a favorite tactic used by Charlemagne against his enemies. He routinely divided his command into two armies in order to trap his enemy between them.

- Daniel Morgan used it effectively  at the Battle of Cowpens in 1781 in South Carolina. The British troops thought Morgan's men were retreating and charged right into the trap.

- Flanking maneuvers were a major part of the German blitzkrieg during World War II. It involved fast movement by tanks, artillery and aircraft to overwhelm their enemies.

## Related pages

- Flanking maneuver
- Turning movement
- Attrition warfare
- Feigned retreat
- Oblique order
- Shock tactics
- Envelopment
- Rearguard
- Ambush

## Other websites

- Pincer Movement
- Blitzkrieg
Sidesaddle

Riding **sidesaddle** is a type of horseback riding. Sidesaddle riding uses a special saddle. This saddle allows the rider to sit 'aside' rather than 'astride' a horse. Astride means the rider's legs are opened with one leg on each side of the horse. In sidesaddle, the rider's legs are basically closed and both legs are on the same side of the horse.  Girls and women mostly ride sidesaddle. Riding sidesaddle allows them to use a modest posture while showing off their nicest riding habits. There are two categories for competition, Junior and Senior classes.

## In history

Women sitting aside a horse to ride began in ancient history. It later became popular in European countries in the Middle Ages. This gave women wearing skirts a way to ride a horse in a modest way while also wearing their fancy clothes. It is still popular  with some modern riders.
Battle of Valverde

The **Battle of Valverde** was an American Civil War battle fought from February 20 to February 21, 1862. It was fought near the present day town of Valverde, New Mexico. This town was at a ford across the Rio Grande river in what was at the time Confederate Arizona. The battle was a major success in the New Mexico campaign of the Southern states. The Confederate cavalry from Texas and several companies of Arizona militia fought Union Army regulars and Union volunteers from northern New Mexico and Colorado. Colonel Kit Carson commanded the 1st New Mexico (Union) Infantry.
Characterization

**Characterization** is the idea of making characters for a narrative. It is a literary element and may be used in dramatic works of art or everyday conversation. Characters can be shown by description. They can also be shown through their speech, thoughts, or actions.

## Other websites

- by Dr. Marilyn H. Stauffer of the University of South Florida
- Character and characterisation  in _The UVic Writer's Guide_  (from the University of Victoria)
- Drama Theory
- 15 Days to Stronger Characters
- Characterisation thesaurus for writers
Literary element

A **literary element** is a part of books and stories of narrative fiction. It is kind of verbal storytelling. It can be found in any written or spoken narrative. This is different than literary techniques. For example, plot, theme, and tone are literary elements. Figurative language, irony, or foreshadowing are literary techniques.

Literary elements help in the discussion and understanding of a work of literature as basic categories of critical analysis; literary elements could be said to be made by the readers of a work just as much as they are produced by its author. They are a kind of literary education at the primary and secondary level. A set of terms often appear in a school's student evaluations. For example, the New York State Comprehensive English Regents Examinations make students use and talk about literary elements relating to works in each of the two essays.
Narrative

A **narrative** is a literary term for the events that make up a story. It is the way the events connect and make up the plot of a story or book.

A narrative reports connected events, presented to the person reading or listener in a sequence of written or spoken words.

A common term for narrative is **plot**. The study on structure in narratives is called narratology.

## Related pages

- Narrative poetry
- Narrator
- Theme (narrative)
Step Up All In

***Step Up All In*** is an American 2014 romantic and musical drama movie. The movie is about a dance crew that are rejected at every audition they go to. The crew decide to leave Los Angeles and come back to Miami. Briana Evigan plays Andie. Alyson Stoner plays Camille.

This movie was released on August 8, 2014. It got mixed reviews from critics. It made more than $86 million in the box office.
Literary technique

A **literary technique** is any method an author uses to tell their message. This makes it easy to tell them from literary elements, which are mostly found in literature.
Pedro Peña (actor)

**Pedro Peña Allén** (December 14, 1925 – October 2, 2014) was an Spanish actor. He was known for his roles in _Médico de familia_ (1995), _Un paso adelante_ (2002) and _Dulce_ (2011). He was born in Tordehumos, Spain.

Peña died in Madrid, Spain from Alzheimer's disease, aged 88.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Pedro Peña
- **image**: Pedro Peña.jpg
- **birth name**: Pedro Peña Allén
- **birth place**: Tordehumos, Spain
- **death place**: Madrid, Spain
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1978-2013
Lynsey de Paul

**Lynsey de Paul** (11 June 1948 – 1 October 2014) was an English singer-songwriter. She was known for representing the U.K. in the 1977 with Mike Moran on "Rock Bottom" at Eurovision. She was also known for her songs, _"Sugar Me"_, "Getting a Drag",_"Won't Somebody Dance With Me"_, Ooh I Do", "No Honestly", "My Man and Me", _"Storm In A Teacup_" and _"Sleeping Blue Nights_".

De Paul was born in London, England. She was never married, but was known for being in relationships with Ringo Starr, Roy Wood, James Coburn, Sean Connery, Bill Kenwright, Bernie Taupin, Chas Chandler and Dudley Moore.

De Paul suffered a brain hemorrhage on the morning of 1 October 2014. She died in a London hospital hours later, aged 66.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Lynsey de Paul
- **image**: Lynsey De Paul - TopPop 1974 3.png
- **caption**: Lynsey de Paul in 1974
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Lyndsey Meta Rubin
- **birth place**: Southwark, London, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **instrument**: Vocals, piano
- **genre**: Pop
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, actress
- **years active**: 1971–2014
Losing My Religion

"**Losing My Religion**" is a 1991 rock song from R.E.M.. The song became R.E.M.'s highest charting song for the United States. It hit #4 on _Billboard_ Hot 100. It was nominated for several Grammy Awards. It won two.

The song was released on February 19, 1991.

R.E.M. guitarist Peter Buck wrote the riff and chorus to the song on a mandolin while learning to play it. Buck had just bought the instrument and was recording the music as he practiced. Buck said that "when I listened back to it the next day, there was a bunch of stuff that was really just me learning how to play mandolin, and then there's what became 'Losing My Religion', and then a whole bunch more of me learning to play the mandolin."

## Further reading

- Black, Johnny. _Reveal: The Story of R.E.M._ Backbeat Books, 2004.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Losing My Religion
- **type**: single
- **artist**: R.E.M. (band), R.E.M.
- **album**: Out of Time (album), Out of Time
- **b-side**: "Rotary Eleven"
- **recorded**: September–October 1990
- **studio**: Bearsville Studios, Bearsville, Woodstock, New York, Woodstock, New York (state), New York, United States; John Keane (record producer), John Keane Studios, Athens, Georgia, Athens, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, United States (recording); Soundscape Studios, Atlanta, Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia, United States (String instrument, strings)
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **label**: Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros.
- **writer**: Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, Michael Stipe
- **producer**: Scott Litt and R.E.M.
- **prev title**: Get Up (R.E.M. song), Get Up
- **prev year**: 1989
- **next title**: Shiny Happy People
- **next year**: 1991
Literary term

A literary term is a word that is used in talking or writing about books and stories. They are words used to describe different kinds of writing by an author.
Joyride (album)

***Joyride*** is the third studio album by Roxette. The album has the songs "Joyride" and "Fading Like a Flower". "Joyride" hit #1 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100. In June 1991, it became the best selling album in Europe for 2 weeks.

This album was released on March 28, 1991.
Ken Dunek

**Ken Dunek** (born June 20, 1957) was a professional football player with the Philadelphia Eagles.  Dunek went to college at Memphis State (now known as University of Memphis).  During college, he played forward on the basketball team. He switched to football his senior year.  In 1980, he started playing with the Philadelphia Eagles. Since leaving the Eagles, he has worked as an author and motivational speaker.

## Infobox (nfl player)

- **name**: Ken Dunek
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **position**: Tight end
- **college**: Memphis State (now University of Memphis)
- **teams**: *Philadelphia Eagles, Baltimore Colts, New York Giants, Philadelphia/Baltimore Stars (1980–1986)
Foreshadowing

**Foreshadowing** or **guessing ahead** is a literary device by which an author hints what is to come. It is used to avoid disappointment, and sometimes used to arouse readers.

## Example

- Foreshadowing is used in the works of John Steinbeck. In _Of Mice and Men_, **Lennie** accidentally kills a mouse, a puppy dog and finally **Curley's Wife**. This foreshadows his own death. When **Carlson** kills Candy's Dog, **Candy** told George, "I ought to of shot that dog myself" making George later chose to kill Lennie himself to save him from dying by the hands of a stranger. Doing it the way that Carlson did it was for the best because, "He won't even feel it."
Joyride (song)

**"Joyride"** is a 1991 song from Roxette. The song is about falling in love.

The single topped the charts in Europe, the United States and Australia. It hit #1 on the _Billboard_ Hot 100.

The song was released on February 27, 1991.