juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
San Saba County, Texas

**San Saba County** is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in western Central Texas. The county seat is San Saba. In 2020, 5,730 people lived there.
San Patricio County, Texas

**San Patricio County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 68,755 people lived there. The county seat is Sinton.
Scurry County, Texas

**Scurry County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 16,932 people lived there. The county seat is Snyder.
Somervell County, Texas

**Somervell County** is a county on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 9,205 people lived there. The county seat is Glen Rose.
Starr County, Texas

**Starr County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 65,920 people lived there. The county seat is Rio Grande City. It was created in 1848.
Sterling County, Texas

**Sterling County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 1,372 people lived there. The county seat is Sterling City.
Sutton County, Texas

**Sutton County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 3,372 people lived there. The county seat is Sonora.
Terrell County, Texas

**Terrell County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 760 people lived there. The county seat is the census-designated place of Sanderson.
Titus County, Texas

**Titus County** is a county located in the northeastern region of the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, 31,247 people lived there. Its county seat is Mount Pleasant.
Upshur County, Texas

**Upshur County** is a county in eastern Texas. In 2020, 40,892 people lived there. The county seat is Gilmer.
Val Verde County, Texas

**Val Verde County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 47,586 people lived there. The county seat is Del Rio.
Van Zandt County, Texas

**Van Zandt County** is a county in northeastern Texas. In 2020, 59,541 people lived there. The county seat is Canton.
Waller County, Texas

**Waller County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 56,794 people lived there. The county seat is Hempstead.
Ward County, Texas

**Ward County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 11,644 people lived there. The county seat is Monahans.
Wichita County, Texas

**Wichita County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 129,350 people lived there. The county seat is Wichita Falls.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Wichita County
- **state**: Texas
- **founded year**: 1882
- **founded date**: February 1
- **seat wl**: Wichita Falls
- **largest city wl**: Wichita Falls
- **area total sq mi**: 633
- **area land sq mi**: 628
- **area water sq mi**: 5.3
- **area percentage**: 0.8
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 129350
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **ex image**: Wichita County, TX, Courthouse IMG 6884.JPG
- **ex image size**: 250
- **ex image cap**: The Wichita County Courthouse in downtown Wichita Falls
- **web**: https://wichitacountytx.com/
Wilbarger County, Texas

**Wilbarger County** is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2020, 12,887 people lived there. The county seat is Vernon.
Sterling City

**Sterling City** is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Sterling County.
Dorchester County

**Dorchester County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
- Dorchester County, Maryland
- Dorchester County, South Carolina
Dorchester County, South Carolina

**Dorchester County** is a county in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 161,540. Its county seat is St. George.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Dorchester County
- **state**: South Carolina
- **ex image**: Old Dorchester Info Sign.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Colonial Dorchester State Historic Site
- **founded**: 1897
- **named for**: Dorchester, Massachusetts
- **seat wl**: St. George
- **largest city**: North Charleston
- **city type**: community
- **area total sq mi**: 571.18
- **area land sq mi**: 568.59
- **area water sq mi**: 2.59
- **area percentage**: 0.45
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 161540
- **population density sq mi**: 284.11
- **web**: www.dorchestercountysc.gov
- **time zone**: Eastern
- **district**: 1st
- **district2**: 6th
Apache County, Arizona

**Apache County** is a county in the state of Arizona in the United States. As of the 2020 census, 66,021 people lived there. The county seat is St. Johns.
Cochise County, Arizona

**Cochise County** is a county in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, 125,447 people lived there. The county seat is Bisbee.
Gila County, Arizona

**Gila County** is a county in the central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 53,272. The county seat is Globe.
Graham County, Arizona

**Graham County** is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,533, making it the third-least populous county in Arizona. The county seat is Safford.

## History

The county was founded on March 10, 1881. It was created from land that was previously governed by Apache County and Pima County. From 1883 to 1915, the county seat was Solomon. In 1909, land was taken away to form nearby Greenlee County.
Greenlee County, Arizona

**Greenlee County** is a county found in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census its population was 9,563, making it the least populous county in Arizona. The county seat is Clifton.

## History

The county was founded in 1909. The land was taken from nearby Graham County. It was named for Mason Greenlee. He was an early settler in the area. It was Arizona's 14th county.

## Other websites

- County website (only available for US residents)

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Greenlee County
- **state**: Arizona
- **ex image**: Clifton, AZ train station.jpg
- **ex image cap**: 1901 Clifton railroad station, now used by the Chamber of Commerce and other community organizations
- **founded year**: 1909
- **founded date**: March 10
- **seat wl**: Clifton
- **largest city wl**: Clifton
- **city type**: town
- **area total sq mi**: 1848
- **area land sq mi**: 1843
- **area water sq mi**: 5.3
- **area percentage**: 0.3
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 9563
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Mountain
- **web**: www.co.greenlee.az.us
- **named for**: Mason Greenlee
La Paz County, Arizona

**La Paz County** is a county in the western part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, 16,557 people lived there. The county seat is Parker.
Mohave County, Arizona

**Mohave County** is in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 213,267. The county seat is Kingman, and largest city is Lake Havasu City.
Gérard Mourou

**Gérard Albert Mourou** (born June 22, 1944) is a French scientist. He worked in electrical engineering and lasers.

With Donna Strickland, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their co-invention of a technique called chirped pulse amplification, or CPA.

In 1994, Mourou and his team at the University of Michigan discovered that the balance between Kerr effect and self-diffraction by ionization act as waveguides for the beam.

## Other websites

- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquee
- Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Gérard Mourou
- **image**: Gérard Mourou, 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Gérard Mourou in 2014
- **birth place**: Albertville, France
- **birth name**: Gérard Albert Mourou
- **other names**: GA Mourou
- **work institution**: École Polytechnique
ENSTA ParisTech
University of Rochester
University of Michigan
- **known for**: Chirped pulse amplification
- **awards**: Nobel Prize in Physics
Donna Strickland

**Donna Theo Strickland** (born May 27, 1959) is a Canadian physicist. She was born in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. She worked in the field of lasers. In 2018, she shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Gérard Mourou, as they both developed chirped pulse amplification. This is useful in laser micromachining, laser surgery, medicine, and in science.

She is an associate professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of Waterloo. She is the third woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics. Wikipedia did not publish a draft article about her until after she won this prize. This was one famous example of how Wikipedia has been unfair to women scientists.

## Related pages

Gender bias on Wikipedia
Women in Red
François Englert

**François Baron Englert** (; born 6 November 1932) is a Belgian theoretical physicist. In 2013, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Peter Higgs for their work in the discovery of the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism.

## Other websites

- François Englert's personal webpage

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: François Englert
- **image**: File:DIMG 7472 (11253451693).jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: François Englert, 2007
- **birth place**: Etterbeek, Brussels, Belgium
- **nationality**: Belgian
- **fields**: Theoretical physics
- **workplaces**: Université Libre de Bruxelles
Tel Aviv University
- **alma mater**: Université Libre de Bruxelles
- **known for**: Higgs mechanism
- **awards**: Francqui Prize (1982)
Wolf Prize in Physics (2004)
Sakurai Prize (2010)
Nobel Prize in Physics (2013)
Balabhaskar

**Balabhaskar Chandran** (10 July 1978 – 2 October 2018) was an Indian violinist, composer and record producer. He was born in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. He was best known for promoting fusion music in South India.

He had composed the soundtrack for the Malayalam movie _Mangalya Pallakku_, and was the youngest music composer to have worked in the industry. His compositions for the albums _Ninakaai_ and _Aadyamai_ are still among the most-sought-after romantic song collections.

He won the Bismillah Khan Yuva Sangeetkaar Puraskaar in 2008.

Balabhaskar died on 2 October 2018 of a heart attack caused by injuries from a car crash he suffered a week earlier, aged 40.vshdhsa<html>
Otis Rush

**Otis Rush Jr.** (April 29, 1935 – September 29, 2018) was an American Hall of Fame blues guitarist and singer-songwriter. His music became known as West Side Chicago blues. He had a wide-ranging, powerful tenor voice. His best known songs were "All Your Love", "I Can't Quit You Baby", and "Double Trouble".

Rush died on September 29, 2018 from complications of a stroke in Chicago, aged 83.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Otis Rush at setlist.fm
- Obituary at _Rolling Stone_
- Obituary at ultimateclassicrock.com

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Otis Rush
- **image**: Otis Rush at Notodden bluesfestival.jpg
- **caption**: Rush at the Notodden Blues Festival,
Norway, 1997
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Otis Rush Jr.
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Mississippi, U.S.
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar
- **genre**: Blues, Chicago blues, Rhythm and blues, R&B
- **occupation**: Musician, singer, songwriter
- **years active**: 1956–2003
- **label**: Cobra Records, Cobra, Chess Records, Chess, Duke Records, Duke, Vanguard Records, Vanguard, Cotillion Records, Cotillion, Bullfrog, Black & Blue Records, Black & Blue, P-Vine Records Delmark Records, Delmark, Sonet Records, Sonet, Blind Pig Records, Blind Pig
- **website**: [http://www.otisrush.net/ Otisrush.net]
Dorothy Hukill

**Dorothy L. Hukill** (September 20, 1946 – October 2, 2018) was a Republican American politician. She was a member of the Florida Senate 2012 until her death in 2018. She also was in the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 28th district in southern Volusia from 2004 to 2012.

Hukill died under hospice care in Port Orange, Florida on October 2, 2018 from cervical cancer at the age of 72.

## Other websites

- Hukill for Senate
- Florida State Senate - Dorothy Hukill

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Dorothy Hukill
- **image**: Dorothy Hukill.jpg
- **imagesize**: 180px
- **office**: Member of the Florida Senate
- **term start**: November 6, 2012
- **term end**: October 2, 2018
- **preceded**: _Redistricted_
- **constituency**: 8th district
14th district
- **state house2**: Florida
- **district2**: 28th
- **term start2**: November 2, 2004
- **term end2**: November 6, 2012
- **preceded2**: Suzanne Kosmas
- **succeeded2**: _Redistricted_
- **birth place**: New York City, New York
- **death place**: Port Orange, Florida
- **alma mater**: Hunter College
Columbia University
St. John's University School of Law
- **profession**: Attorney, teacher
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
Thampi Kannanthanam

**Thampi Kannanthanam** (11 December 1953 – 2 October 2018) was an Indian movie director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He worked in Malayalam cinema. He directed 16 movies. He was born in Kanjirappally, Kottayam, India.

His first directorial movie was _Thavalam_. He has also acted in _Itha Oru Theeram_ (1980), _Attimari_ (1981), _Madrasile Mon_ (1982), _Thudarkatha_ (1991). His best known directing works were in _Rajavinte Makan_, _Vazhiyorakazchakal_, _Bhoomiyile Rajakkanmar_, _Indrajaalam_, _Naadody_, _Chukkan_, and _Maanthrikam_.

Kannanthanam died of a short-illness at a private hospital in Kerala, India on 2 October 2018 at the age of 64.
Roman Kartsev

**Roman Andreyevich Kartsev**  (, born **Roman Antshelevich Katz** (); 20 May 1939 – 2 October 2018) was a Russian actor and comedian. He was born in Odesa, Ukraine. He was known for his roles in _Heart of a Dog_, _Promised Heaven_, and in _Old Hags_.

Kartsev died on 2 October 2018 in Moscow from cardiac arrest at the age of 79.
Electric stove

An **electric stove** is a stove with electrical heating to cook and bake. The electric stove became popular as a replacement to the solid fuel (wood or coal) stove. Solid fuel stoves required more labor to maintain and operate.

Electric stove burners may be controlled by a rotary switch with a finite number of positions (six, for example). Some may have a thermostat.

The first technology used resistive heating coils. The coils heated iron hotplates. Pots were placed on top of them.

In the 1970s, glass-ceramic stoves began appearing. Glass-ceramic has very low thermal conductivity. It's a coefficient thermal expansion of almost zero. It lets infrared radition pass very well. Electrical heating coils or infrared halogen lamps are used for heating elements.
Christine Blasey Ford

**Christine Margaret Blasey Ford** (; born November 1966) is an American professor of psychology at Palo Alto University and a research psychologist at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Ford has worked as a professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine Collaborative Clinical Psychology Program. She was born in Washington, D.C..

In September 2018, Ford accused U.S. Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh sexually assaulted her in 1982. She testified about her allegations during a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing about Kavanaugh's Supreme Court nomination later that month.

## Related pages

- Anita Hill
Anita Hill

**Anita Faye Hill** (born July 30, 1956) is an American attorney and academic. She was born near Morris, Oklahoma. She is a university professor of social policy, law, and women's studies at Brandeis University.

Hill became known in 1991 when she accused U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas, her supervisor at the United States Department of Education and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, of sexual harassment.
Brandeis University

**Brandeis University**  is an American private research university in Waltham, Massachusetts, 9 miles (14 km) west of Boston. It was founded in 1948 sponsored by the Jewish community. Brandeis was established on the site of the former Middlesex University.

The university is named after Louis Brandeis, the first Jewish Justice of the U.S Supreme Court. In 2015, it had a total enrollment of 5,532 students on its suburban campus spanning over . It is a member of Association of American Universities since 1985.
Graciano Rocchigiani

**Graciano Rocchigiani** (29 December 1963 – 1 October 2018) was a German professional boxer. He was born in Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia. He competed from 1983 to 2003.

Rocchigiani was a two-weight world champion, having held the IBF super-middleweight title from 1988 to 1989, and the WBC light-heavyweight title in 1998. He held the European light-heavyweight title from 1991 to 1992.

Rocchigiani was killed on 1 October 2018 in Belpasso, Italy when he was run over by a car while taking a walk. He was 54 years old.
Hermenegildo Sábat

**Hermenegildo Sábat** (23 June 1933 – 2 October 2018) was an Uruguayan-born Argentine caricaturist and journalist. He was born in Montevideo, Uruguay. He became a naturalized Argentine citizen in 1980.

Montevideo's leading news journal, _El País_, first published a drawing of his when he was 15 years old. The company hired him where Sábat became an editor at the daily, as well as contributing work as a staff correspondent, photographer and illustrator.

He kept working after Argentina's return to democracy, in 1983. He was a known critic of President Raúl Alfonsín where he would illustrate him as a clumsy ballerina falling over the nation's economy. He also criticized President Carlos Menem and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner comparing her to a mafia figure with tape over her mouth with a black eye.

Sábat died on 2 October 2018, during his sleep from a heart attack, in Buenos Aires, aged 85.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hermenegildo Sábat
- **image**: Hermenegildo Sábat.jpg
- **imagesize**: 170px
- **birth place**: Montevideo, Uruguay
- **occupation**: Journalist, caricaturist, jazz
- **years active**: 1955–2018
- **spouse**: Blanca Rodríguez
- **website**: [http://www.hermenegildosabat.com.ar/ www.hermenegildosabat.com.ar]
Glenn Fabry

**Glenn Fabry** (born 24 March 1961) is a British comics artist. He is known for his detailed, realistic work in both ink and painted colour. He is known for his works _Sláine_ and _Preacher_.

Fabry's career began in 1985, drawing for _2000 AD_. He also worked on the newspaper strip _Scatha_ in 1987. His painted work followed in _Crisis_, _Revolver_ and _Deadline_.

In 1991 he took over painting the covers of _Hellblazer_, then written by Garth Ennis.

Fabry painted the covers for his Vertigo series _Preacher_, and drawing stories in _The Authority_ and _Thor_.

In October 2018, Fabry announced that he had been diagnosed with lung cancer. However, two months later it was revealed he was misdiagnosed and he actually had tuberculosis.
Michael Grätzel

**Michael Grätzel** (born 11 May 1944) is a German chemist.

Grätzel is a professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne where he directs the Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces. He worked on energy and electron transfer reactions. He co-invented the Grätzel cell in 1988 and created the use of nanomaterials in lithium ion batteries.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Michael Grätzel
- **image**: Michael Grätzel.jpg
- **birth place**: Dorfchemnitz, Sachsen
- **nationality**: Swiss
- **alma mater**: Freie Universität Berlin
- **notable students**: Henry Snaith (postdoc)
- **known for**: Dye-sensitized solar cells
- **field**: photochemistry
- **work institution**: École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- **prizes**: Harvey Prize
Balzan Prize
Millennium Technology Prize
Albert Einstein World Award of Science
Marcel Benoist Prize
King Faisal International Prize
Global Energy Prize
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski

**Krzysztof** "**Kris**" **Matyjaszewski** (; born April 8, 1950) is a Polish-American chemist. He is a Professor of the Natural Sciences at the Carnegie Mellon University.

Matyjaszewski is best known for the discovery of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). In 2011 he was a co-winner of the Wolf Prize in Chemistry.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- **image**: Krzysztof Matyjaszewski 03.jpg
- **birth place**: Konstantynów Łódzki, Poland
- **citizenship**: Poland, United States
- **fields**: Chemistry
Polymer chemistry
- **workplaces**: Carnegie Mellon University
- **alma mater**: Lodz University of Technology
- **known for**: Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
- **awards**: Grand Prix de la Fondation de la Maison de la Chimie (2020)
Franklin Institute Awards, Franklin Institute Award (2017)
Dreyfus Prize in the Chemical Sciences (2015)
Wolf Prize in Chemistry (2011)
 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award (2009)
Prize of the Foundation for Polish Science (2004)
Omar M. Yaghi

**Omar M. Yaghi** (Arabic: عمر مونّس ياغي, born February 9, 1965) is a Jordanian-American Nobel chemist. He was born in Amman, Jordan, to a Palestinian refugee family. He is a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. Yaghi is known for creating reticular chemistry, which is a new field of chemistry. It focuses on the stitching of molecular building blocks together by strong bonds to make open frameworks.

His most well-known work is in the design and production of new classes of compounds known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). He studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

In 2017, he won the Albert Einstein World Award of Science. In 2018, Yaghi won the Wolf Prize in Chemistry.

Yaghi was awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Richard Robson and Susumu Kitagawa, for his work in reticular chemistry and for the creation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs).
David J. Thouless

**David James Thouless**   (; 21 September 1934 – 6 April 2019) was a British physicist. He is a winner of the Wolf Prize and the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics along with F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter.

In 2016, Thouless was reported to be suffering from dementia. He died on 6 April 2019 in Cambridge, at the age of 84.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **image**: 2016 Nobel Reception US Embassy Sweden (31222132190) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: David Thouless in 2016
- **name**: David Thouless
- **birth name**: David James Thouless
- **birth place**: Bearsden, Scotland
- **death place**: Cambridge, England
- **nationality**: British
- **field**: Condensed matter physics
- **thesis title**: The application of perturbation methods to the theory of nuclear matter
- **thesis year**: 1958
- **thesis url**: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/745509629
- **doctoral advisor**: Hans Bethe
- **notable students**: J. Michael Kosterlitz (postdoc)
- **children**: 3
Rumson, New Jersey

**Rumson** is a borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. It is part of the New York Metropolitan Area. As of the 2020 census, the borough's population was 7,343.
Geoff Emerick

**Geoffrey Emerick** (5 December 1945 – 2 October 2018) was an English recording studio audio engineer.  He worked with the Beatles on their albums _Revolver_, _Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band_, _The Beatles_ and _Abbey Road_. Emerick won four Grammy Awards for his work. Emerick was born in London.

Emerick died on 2 October 2018 in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 72.
Rupert Neve

**Rupert Neve** (31 July 1926 – 12 February 2021) was a British electronics engineer and entrepreneur. He was known as a pioneering designer of professional audio recording equipment. He was born in Newton Abbot, England. In 1997 he was the third person to receive a Technical Grammy Award.

Neve was known for his work on microphone preamplifiers, equalizers, compressors and early large format mixing consoles.

Neve died on 12 February 2021 in Wimberley, Texas from pneumonia and heart failure. He was aged 94.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rupert Neve
- **birth date**: 31 July 1926
- **birth place**: Newton Abbot, England
- **death place**: Wimberley, Texas, United States
- **occupation**: Entrepreneur; audio engineer
- **known for**: Designing recording and audio mixing equipment
- **awards**: Grammy Awards, Grammy Award for Lifetime Achievement (1997)
- **caption**: Rupert Neve in 1993
Matchbook Romance

The **Matchbook Romance** is an American emo/pop punk band formed in 1997. The band is signed to the Epitaph Records.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Stories and Alibis_ (2003)
- _Voices_ (2006)

- Independent albums
- _Who's Listening_ (2001)

- EPs
- _West for Wishing_ (2003)
Greg Winter

**Sir Gregory Paul Winter**  (born 14 April 1951) is a British biochemist. He is best known for his work on the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies. He invented techniques to both humanise (1986) and, later, to fully humanise using phage display, antibodies for therapeutic uses.

Winter won the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with George P. Smith and Frances Arnold.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Sir Greg Winter
- **image**: Greg Winter EM1B5921 (31295405977).jpg
- **caption**: Gregory Winter in December 2018
- **birth place**: Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom, U.K.
- **education**: Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne
- **alma mater**: University of Cambridge (MA, PhD)
- **thesis title**: The amino acid sequence of tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus
- **thesis url**: http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.477727
- **thesis year**: 1977
- **field**: Biochemistry
Jerry Spinelli

**Jerry Spinelli** (born February 1, 1941) is an American children's novelist. He was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania. His works focused on  adolescence and early adulthood. He is best known for _Maniac Magee_, _Stargirl_ and _Wringer_.

## Other websites

- The Papers of Jerry Spinelli are held in Gettysburg College's Special Collections & Archives. The collection includes manuscripts 1961–2003 as well as other materials.
George P. Smith

**George Pieczenik Smith** (born March 10, 1941) is an American chemist. He is the Curators’ Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Biological Sciences at the University of Missouri-Columbia. He is best known for phage displays. It is when a specific protein's genetic code is artificially inserted into a bacterophage's coat protein gene.

In 2018, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry alongside Greg Winter and Frances Arnold.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: George Pieczenik Smith
- **image**: George Smith EM1B5988 (46234137981).jpg
- **birth place**: Norwalk, Connecticut, United States, U.S.
- **workplaces**: University of Wisconsin (PSD)
 University of Missouri-Columbia (Prof)
 Duke University (Vis)
- **alma mater**: Haverford College
 Harvard University
- **doctoral advisor**: Edgar Haber
- **known for**: Phage displays
- **field**: Biochemistry
Frances Arnold

**Frances Hamilton Arnold** (born July 25, 1956) is an American chemist and engineer. She is known for her methods of directed evolution to create useful biological systems, including enzymes, metabolic pathways, genetic regulatory circuits, and organisms.

She is the Linus Pauling Professor of Chemical Engineering, Bioengineering, and Biochemistry at the California Institute of Technology.

In 2018, Arnold was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry alongside George P. Smith and Greg Winter.

In 2019, Alphabet Inc. appointed Arnold to its board of directors. Beginning in January 2021, she also served as an external co-chair of President Joe Biden's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST).

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Frances H. Arnold
- **image**: Frances Arnold EM1B5926 (31295404677).jpg
- **birth name**: Frances Hamilton Arnold
- **birth place**: Edgewood, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Edgewood, Pennsylvania, United States, U.S.
- **citizenship**: United States, American
- **fields**: Chemical Engineering
- **workplaces**: Caltech
- **alma mater**: Princeton University, University of California, Berkeley
- **doctoral advisor**: Harvey Warren Blanch
- **notable students**: Christopher Voigt, Huimin Zhao
- **awards**: Garvan–Olin Medal
FASEB Excellence in Science Award <small>(2007)</small>
Draper Prize <small>(2011)</small>
National Medal of Technology and Innovation <small>(2013)</small>
 Sackler Prize, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Prize in Convergence Research <small>(2017)</small>
Millennium Technology Prize
NAE Member
NAS Member
FREng
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2018)
Edgewood, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

**Edgewood** is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is across from the city of Pittsburgh. The population was 3,145 at the 2020 census.
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

**Allegheny County** () is a county in the southwest of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of 2020 the population was 1,250,578. The county seat is Pittsburgh.

Allegheny was Pennsylvania's first to bear a Native American name, being named after the Allegheny River.
Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania

**Philadelphia County** is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of 2020, Philadelphia County had a population of 1,603,797 residents. The county is the second smallest county in Pennsylvania by land area, but the largest in population.

Philadelphia County is one of the three original counties, along with Chester and Bucks counties, created by William Penn during November 1682.
Chester County, Pennsylvania

**Chester County** (**Chesco**) is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 534,413. Its county seat is West Chester.
West Chester, Pennsylvania

**West Chester**, is a borough and the county seat of Chester County, Pennsylvania, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The population was 18,671 at the 2020 census.
Bucks County, Pennsylvania

**Bucks County** is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.  As of the 2020 census, the population was 646,538. The county seat is Doylestown.
Doylestown, Pennsylvania

**Doylestown** is a borough and the county seat of Bucks County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is located  north of Philadelphia and  southwest of New York City. As of the 2020 census, the borough population was 8,300.
German Unity Day

**German Unity Day** is the national day of Germany, celebrated on 3 October as a public holiday. It commemorates the anniversary of German reunification in 1990.

An alternative was the day the Berlin Wall came down: 9 November 1989. This was the day of the  German Republic in 1918, and the defeat of Hitler's first coup in 1923.

However, 9 November was also the anniversary of the first large-scale Nazi-led pogroms against Jews in 1938 (_Kristallnacht_), so the day was thought inappropriate as a national holiday.
2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami

On 28 September 2018, an earthquake struck the Minahasa Peninsula, Indonesia, with its epicentre located in the mountainous Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi. The quake was located  away from the provincial capital Palu and was felt as far away as Samarinda on East Kalimantan and also in Tawau, Malaysia.

Many foreshocks followed, the largest of which was a magnitude 6.1 tremor that occurred earlier that day.

In the aftermath, a tsunami struck Palu, sweeping shore-lying houses and buildings on its way. The combined effects of the earthquake and tsunami led to the deaths of at least 4,340 people and injured 10,679 people. This is the deadliest earthquake in Indonesia since 2006.

Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad said the ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM) must play a key role. They should coordinate and extend assistance to Indonesia. This support is crucial after the devastating earthquake and tsunami in Sulawesi.

## Infobox (earthquake)

- **timestamp**: 2018-09-28 10:02:44
- **anss-url**: us1000h3p4
- **isc-event**: 612780996
- **local-date**: 28 September 2018
- **local-time**: 18:02:44 Time in Indonesia, WITA (Indonesia Central Standard Time)
- **magnitude**: 7.5
- **fault**: Palu-Koro fault
- **type**: Fault (geology)#Strike-slip faults, Strike-slip
- **tsunami**: Yes (highest 10.7 m (35 ft) in Donggala Regency)
- **landslide**: Yes
- **foreshocks**: 6.1, M5.4, M5.0
- **aftershocks**: 32 (As of 31 December 2018)
- **casualties**: *4,340 dead
*10,679 injured
*667 missing
*70,821 evacuated
* (longer term) 206,524 made refugees as of 10/28
- **engvar**: en-UK
The Theory of Everything (2014 movie)

***The Theory of Everything*** is a 2014 British biographical romantic drama movie directed by James Marsh. It is about the life of the theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking.

The movie was based on Jane Hawking's memoir _Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen_. The movie's score was composed by Jóhann Jóhannsson.

The movie stars Eddie Redmayne, Felicity Jones, Charlie Cox, Emily Watson, Simon McBurney, Christian McKay, Harry Lloyd, and David Thewlis. The movie was released on 7 September 2014 at the Toronto International Film Festival and released in the United Kingdom on 1 January 2015 to strong positive reviews.
Grenoble Alpes University

The **Université Grenoble-Alpes** (**UGA**) is a public university in Grenoble, France. The university has six research departments. Called a mega-university, their goal is to reach the same level of excellence as MIT, Oxford, Cambridge and Harvard Universities. It is a center for scientific and technological research. PSL students, graduates, and faculty members are famous for being given many awards. The university has been started in 1339.

## Other websites

- UGA, official web site
Sister (disambiguation)

**Sister** may refer to:

- A female sibling
- A nun
- A sorority member
- An African-American female
- A fully qualified or senior nurse
Mangelwurzel

The **mangelwurzel** (from German) is also called 'mangel wurzel', 'mangold wurzel', 'mangold', 'mangel beet', 'field beet', and 'fodder beet'. It is a cultivated root vegetable.

It is a variety of _Beta vulgaris_, the same species that contains the red beet (beetroot) and sugar beet varieties. The cultivar group is called the Crassa Group. Their large white, yellow or orange-yellow swollen roots were developed in the 18th century as a fodder crop for feeding livestock.

## Infobox (cultivar)

- **name**: Mangelwurzel
- **image**: Futterrübe.jpg
- **image caption**: Mangelwurzel
- **species**: _Beta vulgaris_
- **origin**: _Beta vulgaris_ subsp. _maritima_
Navajo County, Arizona

**Navajo County** is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, 106,717 people lived there. The county seat is Holbrook.
Pinal County, Arizona

**Pinal County** is a county in the central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 425,264, making it Arizona's third-most populous county. The county seat is Florence. The county was founded in 1875.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Pinal County
- **state**: Arizona
- **seal size**: 75px
- **founded year**: 1875
- **named for**: Pinal Peak
- **founded date**: February 1
- **seat wl**: Florence
- **largest city**: San Tan Valley
 Maricopa, Arizona, Maricopa (incorporated)
- **city type**: municipality
- **area total sq mi**: 5374
- **area land sq mi**: 5366
- **area water sq mi**: 8.6
- **area percentage**: 0.2
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 425264
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Mountain
- **web**: www.pinalcountyaz.gov
- **ex image**: Second Pinal county courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Second Pinal County Courthouse in Florence
Santa Cruz County

**Santa Cruz County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
- Santa Cruz County, Arizona
- Santa Cruz County, California
Santa Cruz County, Arizona

**Santa Cruz** is a county in southern Arizona. As of the 2020 census, the population was 47,669. The county seat is Nogales. The county was founded on March 15, 1899. It borders Pima County to the north and west, Cochise County to the east, and the Mexican state of Sonora to the south.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Santa Cruz County
- **state**: Arizona
- **founded year**: 1899
- **founded date**: March 15
- **seat wl**: Nogales
- **largest city wl**: Nogales
- **area total sq mi**: 1238
- **area land sq mi**: 1237
- **area water sq mi**: 1.2
- **area percentage**: 0.1
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 47669
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Mountain
- **web**: www.co.santa-cruz.az.us
- **ex image**: Santa Cruz County Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Santa Cruz County Courthouse
- **named for**: Santa Cruz River (Arizona), Santa Cruz River
Yavapai County, Arizona

**Yavapai County** is near the center of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, its population was 236,209. The county seat is Prescott.
Yuma County

**Yuma County** is the name of two counties in the United States:
- Yuma County, Arizona
- Yuma County, Colorado
Yuma County, Arizona

**Yuma County** is a county in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, 203,881 people lived there. The county seat is Yuma.

The county borders three states: Sonora, Mexico, to the south, and two other states to the west, across the Colorado River: California of the United States and the Mexican state of Baja California.
CITV

**CITV** is a British programming block and, until 2023, a television channel. It was broadcast by Sky Digital, Virgin Media, and Freesat. It was launched on 17 December 1981 as Watch It! until 3 January 1983 as Children's ITV. It became available on Freeview in May 2006. It was also released on Sky in May and NTL on 6 June. Both the analogue and the Sky versions were released on Virgin Media's Virtual Menu on 19 May 2007. The analogue version was removed from the platform in 2011 and only the Sky version remained available on the platform's Virtual Menu. Today, it is a programming block on ITV2, replacing teleshopping.

At 9:00 AM on 30 June 1995 the CITV channel stopped broadcasting on ITV1 (playing TV shows) But It Returned On June 6, 2025.

## Programming

Some of the programmes shown on CITV were _Horrid Henry_, _Mr. Bean: The Animated Series_, _Thunderbirds Are Go_, and _Sooty_. A number of other programmes are sourced from different broadcasters internationally.
Men & Motors

***Men & Motors*** was a men's lifestyle television channel in the UK that was owned by ITV. It broadcast between the years 1996 and 2010. It was originally part of the Granada Sky Broadcasting joint venture.
Arthur County, Nebraska

**Arthur County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 434 people lived there. The county seat is the village of Arthur. It was founded in 1913.
Banner County, Nebraska

**Banner County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 674 people lived there. The county seat is Harrisburg. It was founded in 1888.
Blaine County, Nebraska

**Blaine County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 431 people lived there. The county seat is Brewster. It was founded in 1885 and named after presidential candidate James G. Blaine.
Blaine County

**Blaine County** is the name of four counties in the United States which named after politician James G. Blaine:
- Blaine County, Idaho
- Blaine County, Montana
- Blaine County, Nebraska
- Blaine County, Oklahoma
Boone County, Nebraska

**Boone County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 5,379 people lived there.  The county seat is Albion. The county was founded in 1871 and named after Daniel Boone.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Boone County
- **state**: Nebraska
- **founded**: 1871
- **seat wl**: Albion
- **largest city**: Albion
- **area total sq mi**: 687
- **area land sq mi**: 687
- **area water sq mi**: 0.7
- **area percentage**: 0.1%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 5379
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **web**: http://www.co.boone.ne.us/
- **ex image**: Boone County, Nebraska courthouse from NW.JPG
- **ex image cap**: Boone County Courthouse in Albion
- **district**: 3rd
- **time zone**: Central
- **named for**: Daniel Boone
Box Butte County, Nebraska

**Box Butte County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 10,842 people lived there. The county seat is Alliance. It was founded in 1886.
Boyd County, Nebraska

**Boyd County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 1,810 people lived there.  The county seat is Butte. It was founded in 1891 and named after Governor James E. Boyd.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Boyd County
- **state**: Nebraska
- **founded**: March 20, 1891
- **seat wl**: Butte
- **largest city wl**: Spencer
- **city type**: village
- **area total sq mi**: 545
- **area land sq mi**: 540
- **area water sq mi**: 4.6
- **area percentage**: 0.8%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 1810
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: http://www.boydcounty.ne.gov/
- **ex image**: Boyd County, Nebraska courthouse from SW.JPG
- **ex image cap**: Boyd County Courthouse in Butte
- **district**: 3rd
- **named for**: James E. Boyd (politician), James E. Boyd
Brown County, Nebraska

**Brown County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 2,903 people lived there. The county seat is Ainsworth. It was founded in 1883.
Buffalo County, Nebraska

**Buffalo County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 50,084 people lived there. The county seat is Kearney. It was founded in 1855.
Buffalo County

**Buffalo County** is the name of three counties in the United States:
- Buffalo County, Nebraska
- Buffalo County, South Dakota
- Buffalo County, Wisconsin
Burt County, Nebraska

**Burt County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 6,722 people lived there. The county seat is Tekamah. It was founded in 1854 and named after Francis Burt.
Butler County, Nebraska

**Butler County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 8,369 people lived there. The county seat is David City. It was founded in 1856.
Cass County, Nebraska

**Cass County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 census, 26,598 people lived there. The county seat is Plattsmouth. It was founded in 1855 and named after General Lewis Cass.
Keren

**Keren** (Ge'ez: **ከረን**   or كيرين), formerly known as **Cheren** and **Sanhit**, is the second largest city in Eritrea. In 2005, 86,483 people lived there.
DeSoto County

**DeSoto County** is the name of three counties in the United States:
- DeSoto County, Florida
- DeSoto Parish, Louisiana
- DeSoto County, Mississippi
Gamma Cygni

**Gamma Cygni**, also known as **Sadr**, is a white supergiant star located in the Cygnus constellation. It is over 100 times the size of the Sun.
Ben Cayetano

**Benjamin Jerome Cayetano** (born November 14, 1939) is an American politician and author. He was the 5th Governor of the State of Hawaii from 1994 to 2002. He is the first Filipino American to serve as a state governor in the United States. He is a Democrat.
Double Cluster

The **Double Cluster,** is **NGC 884** and **NGC 869**, a group of two open star clusters in the Perseus constellation. It has many blue and red stars.

Both are visible with the naked eye. NGC 869 and NGC 884 lie at a distance of 7,500 light years. That is relatively close-by (the Milky Way galaxy has a diameter of roughly 100,000 light years.)

### RS Persei and T Persei

These are two red supergiant stars in the star cluster. They are 770 and 510 times larger than the Sun respectively.

### SU Persei and AV Persei

These are also red supergiant stars. They both are 780 and 770 times larger than the Sun respectively.

### S Persei

A red hypergiant 1,212 times larger than the Sun.
RS Persei

**RS Persei** is a red supergiant variable star located in the Double Cluster in Perseus.
R Leporis

**R Leporis**, also known as **R Lepus** and **Hind's Crimson Star** (named after astronomer James Hind), is a red giant star in the Lepus constellation. It is mostly made up of carbon, and is between 400 to 535 times larger than the Sun.
S Persei

**S Persei** is a red supergiant located near the Double Cluster in Perseus, north of the cluster NGC 869.
TV Geminorum

**TV Geminorum** is a red giant star located in the Gemini constellation. It is more than 700 times larger than the Sun, making it larger than the orbit of Mars.
CW Leonis

**CW Leonis** is a red giant star that is mostly made out of carbon. It is over 500 times larger than the Sun and is located in the Leo constellation.
R Doradus

**R Doradus** is a red giant star; the star with the second largest appearance size after the Sun. It is 370 times larger than the Sun. It is located in the constellation Dorado.
Pi1 Gruis

**Pi<sup>1</sup> Gruis** is a red giant star. It bubbles violently on its surface.
CPC Politburo Standing Committee

The **Communist Party of China (CPC) Politburo Standing Committee** is CPC's most powerful decision-making body. It is elected by the CPC Central Committee. It normally consists of 5 ~ 9 people. Currently (2018) 7 (Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, Li Zhanshu, Wang Yang, Wang Huning, Zhao Leji, Han Zheng). Since CPC is the ruling party in China by constitution, the Politburo Standing Committee is also the leadership group of China. Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang were elected in 2007 as successors to Hu Jingtao and Wen Jiabao. The other 5 were elected in 2017.
Staggered conformation

In organic chemistry, a **staggered conformation** is a way that a molecule like ethane can line up its parts. In a staggered conformation, each part is as far away from the others as possible, making an equal and symmetrical diagram. This means the torsion angles are 60°.
Asian Americans

**Asian Americans** are Americans of Asian ancestry. The term refers to a group that includes diverse populations. They have ancestral origins in South Asia, East Asia. This includes people who indicate  as "Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Other Asian". Asian Americans with no other ancestry comprise 5.4% of the U.S. population. Asian Americans are by capita the richest and highest earning ethnic group in America, due to their high educational attainment and strong family values.

## Definition

The U.S. Census Bureau defines Asian as "A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam."

## Population

During the 2010 United States Census, the largest ethnic groups were Chinese American, Filipino Americans, Indian Americans, Vietnamese Americans, Korean Americans, and Japanese Americans. The total population is 56,941,286.

### Asian American alone

|Ancestry|Population 2000 !! Population 2010 !! Percent change|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Bangladeshi|46,905|147,300|202.9%|
|Bhutanese|192|19439|9,699.0%|
|Burmese|14,620|95,536|553.5%|
|Cambodian|183,769|255,497|39.0%|
|Chinese|2,564,190|3,535,382|37.9%|
|Filipino|1,908,125|2,649,973|38.9%|
|Hispanic|119,829|–|–|
|Hmong|174,712|252,323|44.4%|
|Indian|1,718,778|2,918,807|89.8%|
|Indonesian|44,186|63,383|69.7%|
|Japanese|852,237|841,824|−1.2%|
|Korean|1,099,422|1,463,474|33.1%|
|Laotian|179,103|209,646|17.1%|
|Malaysian|15,029|21,868|45.5%|
|Maldivian|29|102|251.7%|
|Mongolian|3,699|15,138|309.2%|
|Nepalese|8,209|57,209|596.9%|
|Okinawan|6,138|5,681|−7.4%|
|Pakistani|164,628|382,994|132.6%|
|Singaporean|2,017|4,569|126.5%|
|Sri Lankan|21,364|41,456|94.0%|
|Taiwanese|118,827|199,387|67.6%|
|Thai|120,918|182,872|51.2%|
|Vietnamese|1,169,672|1,632,717|39.6%|
|Other Asian, not specified || 162,913 || 238,332 || 46.3%||||
|**Total**|**10,242,998**|**56,674,252**|**43.3%**|

### With multiracial identifiers

|Ancestry|Population 2000 !! Population 2010 !! Percent change|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Bangladeshi|57,412|147,300|156.6%|
|Bhutanese|212|19,439|9,069.3%|
|Burmese|16,720|100,200|499.3%|
|Cambodian|206,052|276,667|34.3%|
|Chinese|2,865,232|4,010,114|40.0%|
|Filipino|2,364,815|3,416,840|44.5%|
|Hispanic|–|598,146|–|
|Hmong|186,310|260,073|39.6%|
|Indian|1,899,599|3,183,063|67.6%|
|Indonesian|63,073|95,270|51.0%|
|Japanese|1,148,932|1,304,286|13.5%|
|Korean|1,228,427|1,706,822|38.9%|
|Laotian|198,203|232,130|17.1%|
|Malaysian|18,566|26,179|41.0%|
|Maldivian|51|127|149.0%|
|Mongolian|5,868|18,344|212.6%|
|Nepalese|9,399|59,490|532.9%|
|Okinawan|10,599|11,326|6.9%|
|Pakistani|204,309|409,163|100.3%|
|Singaporean|2,394|5,347|123.4%|
|Sri Lankan|24,587|45,381|84.6%|
|Taiwanese|132,038|215,582|65.2%|
|Thai|150,283|237,583|58.1%|
|Vietnamese|1,223,736|1,737,433|42.0%|
|Other Asian, not specified || 376,723 || 623,761 || 65.6%||||
|**Total**|**11,898,828**|**17,320,856**|**45.6%**|