juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Allobates pacaas

***Allobates pacaas*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Body

This frog has bright orange color on its back.

## Home

This frog lives in grasslands: cerrados and savannas in Serra dos Pacaás Novos in the state of Rondônia.  It lives on table lands high above the rest of the land.  Scientists saw it next to exactly one stream that flowed through a gallery forest and grasslands with shrubs.  The frogs do not swim in the streams, but the streams put water into nearby air, and the frog needs this. People have seen the frog between 200 and 1230 meters above sea level.

The frog lives in a protected place Parque Nacional de Pacaás Novos. This park is inside the Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau Indigenous Area.

## Young

Scientists did not visit the frog's home during the rainy season, so they did not see the frogs looking for mates or laying eggs or hear the male frogs calling to female frogs. They think the frog has young the same way other frogs in _Allobates_ do: The female frog lays eggs on the dead leaves on the ground and the tadpoles swim in water.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in some danger of dying out.  People cut down forests to make farms and places for animals to eat grass. People also come to the forest to cut trees for building wood and dig in the ground for good metals, but this is against the law.

This frog is in more danger because it already lives in the highest parts of the hills and table lands in its home. If the weather gets hotter, it cannot climb higher because there is nowhere to go. It cannot move to a colder place because it would have to climb down to a warmer one first.
Optare Tempo

The **Optare Tempo** is a single-decker body of a bus. It has a low-floor. It has been made from 2005 to 2017 by Optare.

In 2017, the Optare Tempo was replaced by the Optare MetroCity.

## Tempo

The first generation Optare Tempo was made from 2004 to 2013. It had a low-floor.

It was made in different lengths, the lengths were: 10.6 metres, 11.3 metres, 12.0 metres and 12.6 metres.

## Tempo SR

The second generation Optare Tempo was made from 2011 to 2017. It had a low-floor.

It was made in different lengths, the lengths were: 10.7 metres, 11.5 metres and 12.2 metres.

### Exports

In Australia, Carbridge and Park Ridge Transit ordered Tempo SRs.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Optare Tempo
- **image**: Transdev Yellow Buses 7 2.JPG
- **caption**: Yellow Buses, Transdev Yellow Buses Optare Tempo in
Christchurch, Dorset, Christchurch in May 2009
- **manufacturer**: Optare
- **production**: 2005–2013 (Tempo)
2012–2017 (Tempo SR)
- **length**: 10.6, 11.3, 12.0, 12.2, 12.6 & 12.7 metres
- **width**: 2.50 metres
- **height**: 3.03 metres
- **weight**: (unladen)
- **chassis**: Integral
- **floortype**: Low-floor bus, Low floor
- **doors**: 1, 2 or 3
- **capacity**: 26–47 seated
- **engine**: Mercedes-Benz buses, Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz OM906 engine, OM906LA
MAN Truck & Bus, MAN D0836
 Allison EP40/Cummins Cummins B Series engine, ISBe hybrid
Cummins Cummins L Series engine, ISL (Oceania)
- **powerout**: 241bhp, 275bhp, 280bhp or 282bhp
- **transmission**: Allison Transmission, Allison
ZF Friedrichshafen, ZF
- **predecessor**: Optare Excel
- **successor**: Switch E1
Optare MetroCity
Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko

The **Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko** (English: _The Railway Company of Slovakia_) is a Slovak state-owned passenger train company based in Bratislava.
Until the Treaty of Trianon, the area that is now Slovakia was part of Hungary, and so the railway network there was owned by the Hungarian Royal State Railways. After 1920 the management of these railway lines was transferred to the Czechoslovak State Railways (ČSD).The independent Slovak railway was first established in 1993 under the name Železnice Slovenskej republiky (ŽSR). In 2002, the company was split, creating Železničná spoločnosť a.s., which took over passenger and freight transport, while ŽSR has since been responsible only for the railway infrastructure.

In 2005, Železničná spoločnosť a.s. was also divided. The company dealing with passenger transport became Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko a.s. (ZSSK), while freight transport was assigned to Železničná spoločnosť Cargo Slovakia a.s. (ŽSSK Cargo).

## Lines

Of its 3,480 km standard gauge railway network, 1,578 km (45%) are electrified. A unique feature is that the northern half of its lines operate with 3,000 V DC, while the southern part uses 25 kV 50 Hz AC. As a result, three types of traction vehicles operate on ŽSSK lines: DC vehicles (usually painted green), AC vehicles (red), and dual-system vehicles (blue).

## Other websites

- Official website
- Schedules in tables
- German rail-friendly site with pictures and information about ZSSK

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Železničná spoločnosť Slovensko
- **logo**: Železničná_spoločnosť_Slovensko_logo.svg
- **former name**: Železnice Slovenskej republiky
- **founded**: 2004
- **founder**: Slovakia, Government of Slovakia
- **hq location city**: Bratislava
- **hq location country**: Slovakia
- **area served**: Slovakia
- **num employees**: 5952
- **num employees year**: 2017
Peter Christensen

**Peter Christensen** (25 April 1975 – 6 February 2025) was a Danish politician. He represented Venstre. He was a member of Parliament from 2001 to 2015. He was Chairman of Venstres Ungdom from 1999 to 2001. He was the Minister of Defence from 2015 to 2016.

Christensen died on 6 February 2025 in Copenhagen, Denmark from cancer, aged 49.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**:
- **office**: Minister of Defence (Denmark), Minister of Defence
- **term start**: 30 September 2015
- **term end**: 28 November 2016
- **primeminister**: Lars Løkke Rasmussen
- **predecessor**: Carl Holst
- **successor**: Claus Hjort Frederiksen
- **office2**: Minister for Nordic Cooperation (Denmark), Minister for Nordic Cooperation
- **term start2**: 30 September 2015
- **term end2**: 28 November 2016
- **primeminister2**: Lars Løkke Rasmussen
- **predecessor2**: Carl Holst
- **successor2**: Karen Ellemann
- **office3**: Minister for Taxation (Denmark), Minister of Taxation
- **term start3**: 8 March 2011
- **term end3**: 3 October 2011
- **primeminister3**: Lars Løkke Rasmussen
- **predecessor3**: Troels Lund Poulsen
- **successor3**: Thor Möger Pedersen
- **office4**: Folketing, Member of the Folketing
- **term start4**: 20 November 2001
- **term end4**: 18 June 2015
- **constituency4**: Sønderjyllands Amtskreds
- **birth place**: Sønderborg, Denmark
- **party**: Venstre (Denmark), Venstre
Sønderborg

**** is a Danish town in the Region of Southern Denmark. It is the main town and the administrative seat of Sønderborg Municipality (Kommune). The town has a population of 28,277 as of 2024.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Sønderborg
- **image skyline**: Harbour of Sønderborg.jpg
- **image caption**: Harbour
- **image shield**: Coat of arms of Sønderborg.svg
- **pushpin map**: Denmark#Denmark Region of Southern Denmark
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Denmark
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Denmark
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Denmark, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Region of Southern Denmark, Southern Denmark (_Syddanmark_)
- **subdivision type2**: Municipalities of Denmark, Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Sønderborg Municipality, Sønderborg
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Eric Lauritzen
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1256
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area urban km2**: 13.4
- **population as of**: 2024
- **population urban**: 28277
- **population density urban km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Gender
- **population blank1**: 14014 males and 14263 females
- **population blank2 title**: Municipality
- **population blank2**: 74233
- **population demonym**: Sønderborgenser Sønderborger
- **timezone**: Central Europe Time
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **elevation m**: 17
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: DK-6400 Sønderborg
- **area code**: (+45) 88
- **website**: [http://www.sonderborg.dk/english/ www.sonderborg.dk/]
2025 Light Air Services Beechcraft 1900 crash

On 29 January 2025, a Beechcraft 1900D operated by Eagle Air on behalf of Light Air Services crashed in Unity State, located in the Greater Upper Nile region of South Sudan. The aircraft was flying from GPOC Unity Airstrip to Juba International Airport when it crashed shortly after takeoff. The crash killed 20 out of 21 on board. The aircraft was transporting oil workers to the South Sudanese capital Juba.

The National Minister of Transport said its air crash investigation department will retrieve the flight recorder from the wreckage of the crash and send it to the United States for further analysis.

## Infobox (aircraft occurrence)

- **occurrence type**: Accident
- **name**: 2025 Light Air Services Beechcraft 1900 crash
- **image**: ZK-EAF BNE this arvo.3 X B1900'S arrived today from NZ.jpg
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **caption**: The aircraft involved in the accident in March 2016, while still in storage with Eagle Airways
- **summary**: Crashed after takeoff, under investigation
- **site**: Near GPOC Unity Airstrip, Rubkona County, Unity State, South Sudan
- **aircraft type**: Beechcraft 1900, Beechcraft 1900D
- **operator**: Eagle Air (Uganda), Eagle Air on behalf of Light Air Services
- **tail number**: 5X-RHB
- **origin**: Unity oilfield, GPOC Unity Airstrip, Rubkona County, Unity State, South Sudan
- **destination**: Juba International Airport, Juba, South Sudan
- **occupants**: 21
- **passengers**: 19
- **crew**: 2
- **fatalities**: 20
- **injuries**: 1
- **survivors**: 1
Beechcraft 1900

The **Beechcraft 1900** is a U.S made twin-engine turboprop regional airliner made by Beechcraft. It is also used as a freight aircraft and corporate transport, and by several governmental and military groups.

The aircraft was designed to carry passengers in all weather conditions from airports with short runways. It is capable of flying in . It is one of the most popular 19-passenger airliners in history.

The 1900 first flew on September 3, 1982.
The Beechcraft 1900 is a pressurized twin-turboprop aircraft designed and manufactured by Beechcraft (now part of Hawker Beechcraft). It was designed to succeed the King Air series and features a modern and advanced design.

## History

The Beechcraft 1900 was designed in the 1980s by Beechcraft to meet the needs of regional airlines and corporate operators. The aircraft was first introduced in 1984 and quickly became popular among airlines and corporate operators.

## Specifications

- Length: 17.62 meters (57.8 feet)
- Height: 4.52 meters (14.8 feet)
- Wingspan: 17.98 meters (59 feet)
- Maximum Takeoff Weight: 7,670 kg (16,900 pounds)
- Engines: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-65B
- Cruise Speed: 515 km/h (278 knots)
- Range: 2,830 km (1,531 nautical miles)

## Uses

Regional Airlines: The Beechcraft 1900 is used by regional airlines for passenger and cargo transportation.

Corporate Aviation: The aircraft is used by corporate operators for business travel and charter flights.

Military Transport: Some military forces use the Beechcraft 1900 for military transport and special missions.

## Features

Modern Design: The Beechcraft 1900 features a modern and advanced design.

High Performance: The aircraft has high performance capabilities, with a cruise speed of up to 515 km/h.

Safety: The Beechcraft 1900 is designed with safety in mind, featuring advanced systems and a robust design.

## Operators

Airlines: Many regional airlines operate the Beechcraft 1900 for passenger and cargo transportation.

Corporate Operators: Corporate operators use the Beechcraft 1900 for business travel and charter flights.

Military Operators: Some military forces operate the Beechcraft 1900 for military transport and special missions.

## Related pages

- Beechcraft King Air

## Other websites

- Beechcraft Website

## Infobox (aircraft)

- **name**: Beechcraft 1900
- **image**: File:Beech 1900D, Air New Zealand Link (Eagle Airways) JP6920497.jpg
- **caption**: An Air New Zealand Link 1900D
- **type**: Regional airliner, freight aircraft, cargo, and corporate aircraft
- **manufacturer**: Beechcraft, Beech Aircraft Corporation
 Raytheon Aircraft Company
- **first flight**: September 3, 1982
- **introduction**: February 1984
- **status**: In service
- **primary user**: Ameriflight
- **more users**: Alpine Air Express
 Central Mountain Air
- **produced**: 1982–2002
- **number built**: 695
- **developed from**: Beechcraft Super King Air
JAC Heyue A20

The **JAC Heyue A20** is a Subcompact car made by JAC Motors from 2013 to 2014.

## History and Features

The JAC Heyue A20 was shown at the Shanghai Auto Show in 2013. it started being made in September 2013 and was put on sale in China in December its positioned below the JAC Heyue A30. the car has a 1.3 and 1.5 liter petrol engines with a 5-speed both manual and CVT automatic transmissions.

The Heyue A20 has a electric version called iEV7 it was launched at the Beijing Auto Show in 2014. during the launch it was planned to be named iEV5 but it was later renamed to  JAC iEV it was sold with that name until 2016 it was then renamed to iEV7.

This name was used on a electric version of the JAC Refine A60 but it was droped this version has a electric motor of 67 hp and has a 70Ah lithium-ion battery.

## Markets

The JAC Heyue A20 was sold mainly in the Chinese market during its entire production.

## Discontinuation

The production of The Heyue A20 ended in 2014 and was discontinued without a sucessor but the JAC iEV7 is still made until today.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: JAC Heyue A20
- **image**: File:JAC Heyue A20 02 -- Auto China -- 2014-04-23.jpg
- **aka**: JAC iEV7
JAC iEV
JAC iEV5
- **production**: 2013–2014
2014–2016 (iEV)
2016–present (iEV7)
- **model years**: 2013–2014
2014–2016 (iEV)
2016–present (iEV7)
- **manufacturer**: JAC Motors
- **body style**: 4-door Sedan (automobile), sedan
- **class**: Subcompact car (B-segment, B)
- **related**: Heyue A30
- **engine**: 1.3 L Straight-4, I4 (Petrol engine, petrol)
1.5 L Straight-4, I4 (Petrol engine, petrol)
- **transmission**: 5-speed manual transmission, manual
Continuously variable transmission, CVT automatic transmission, automatic
- **sp**: us
Kyle Gass

**Kyle Richard Gass** (born July 14, 1960) is an American musician, singer, actor, and comedian. He is best known for being a founding member of Tenacious D, a Grammy-winning comedy band. He is also a member of Trainwreck and the Kyle Gass Band.

Gass has played small roles in many of Jack Black's movies such as in _Year One_, _Kung Fu Panda_, _Shallow Hal_, _Saving Silverman_ and _The Cable Guy_. He starred with Jack Black in the movie _Tenacious D in the Pick of Destiny_.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kyle Gass
- **image**: TenaciousDO2160623 (38 of 62) Kyle Gass.jpg
- **caption**: Gass performing in 2023
- **birth name**: Kyle Richard Gass
- **birth place**: Walnut Creek, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1988–present
Kenesaw Mountain Landis

**Kenesaw Mountain Landis** (; November 20, 1866 – November 25, 1944) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a United States federal judge from 1905 to 1922. He was also the first commissioner of baseball from 1920 until his death. He is best known for his resolution of the Black Sox Scandal, in which he banned eight members of the Chicago White Sox from organized baseball for losing the 1919 World Series on purpose.

Landis died on November 25, 1944 from problems caused by a heart attack at a hospital in Chicago, Illinois, five days after his 78th birthday. Two weeks after his death, Landis was voted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

## Other websites

- A Brief Biography

## Infobox (baseball biography)

- **embed**: yes
- **hoflink**: National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
- **hoftype**: National
- **hofdate**: 1944 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting, 1944
- **hofmethod**: Old-Timers Committee


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Kenesaw Mountain Landis
- **image**: Kenesaw Mountain Landis (ca. 1922).jpg
- **alt**: Portrait of Kenesaw Mountain Landis
- **caption**: Landis,
- **order**: 1st
- **office**: Commissioner of Baseball
- **term start**: November 12, 1920
- **term end**: November 25, 1944
- **predecessor**: _Office established_
- **successor**: Happy Chandler
- **office1**: Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
- **term start1**: March 18, 1905
- **term end1**: February 28, 1922
- **appointer1**: Theodore Roosevelt
- **predecessor1**: _Seat established_
- **successor1**: James Herbert Wilkerson
- **birth name**: Kenesaw Mountain Landis
- **birth place**: Millville, Ohio, U.S.
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **children**: 3, including Reed G. Landis, Reed
- **relatives**:
Frederick Landis (brother)
- **alma mater**: Northwestern University School of Law, Union College of Law
- **signature**: Kenesaw Mountain Landis Signature.svg
- **signature alt**: Cursive signature in ink
Millville, Ohio

**Millville** is a village in Butler County, Ohio, United States. The population was 634 at the 2020 census. Millville is in between Oxford, Ohio and Cincinnati, Ohio.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Millville, Ohio
- **settlement type**: Village (United States), Village
- **motto**: "Small Town, Big Community!"
- **image skyline**: Liberty Street, Millville.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Liberty Street
- **image map**: OHMap-doton-Millville.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Millville, Ohio
- **image map1**: Map of Butler County Ohio Highlighting Millville Village.png
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **map caption1**: Location of Millville in Butler County
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Ohio
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Ohio, County
- **subdivision name2**: Butler County, Ohio, Butler
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Curt Pennington
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 1.51
- **area land km2**: 1.51
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.58
- **area land sq mi**: 0.58
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 634
- **population density km2**: 419.65
- **population density sq mi**: 1087.48
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation ft**: 620
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 45013
- **area code**: Area code 513, 513
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 39-50540
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2399364
Wynnewood, Pennsylvania

**Wynnewood** is a suburban unincorporated community, located west of Philadelphia, in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania and Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States.

The community was named in 1691 for Dr. Thomas Wynne, William Penn's physician and the first Speaker of the Pennsylvania General Assembly.

As of 2020 census, there were 15,390 people living here.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
- **image skyline**: Wynnewood post office.jpg
- **image caption**: Wynnewood post office
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Pennsylvania
- **subdivision type2**: County (United States), Counties
- **subdivision name2**: Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, Montgomery, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, Delaware
- **subdivision type3**: Townships
- **subdivision name3**: Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania, Lower Merion, Haverford Township, Pennsylvania, Haverford
- **area water percent**: auto
- **elevation ft**: 295
- **population**: 13,572
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **postal code**: 19096
- **postal code type**: Zip Code
- **area code**: Area codes 610 and 484, 610 and 484
- **pushpin map**: USA Pennsylvania#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Wynnewood in Pennsylvania
Sewall's Point, Florida

**Sewall's Point** is a town located on the peninsula of the same name in Martin County, Florida, United States. The population was 1,991 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Sewall's Point, Florida
- **settlement type**: Town (Florida), Town
- **image skyline**: Ernestlyonsbridge.jpg
- **image caption**: The new Ernest Lyons Bridge, which carries Florida State Road A1A, State Road A1A from Hutchinson Island (Florida), Hutchinson Island to Sewall's Point
- **image seal**: Seal of Sewall's Point, Florida.png
- **image map**: Martin_County_Florida_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Sewall's_Point_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location in Martin County, Florida, Martin County and the state of Florida
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Florida, County
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1889
- **established title1**: Plat, Platted
- **established date1**: 1891-1893
- **established title2**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date2**: June 12, 1957
- **government type**: Council-manager government, Commission–Manager
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: David Kurzman
- **leader title1**: Vice Mayor
- **leader name1**: Vinny Barile
- **leader title2**: City Council, Commissioners
- **leader name2**: Frank Fender,
Frank Tidikas, and
Kaija Mayfield
- **leader title3**: City Manager, Town Manager
- **leader name3**: Robert Daniels
- **leader title4**: City Clerk, Town Clerk
- **leader name4**: April C. Stoncius
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 10.70
- **area total sq mi**: 4.13
- **area land km2**: 3.05
- **area land sq mi**: 1.18
- **area water km2**: 7.65
- **area water sq mi**: 2.95
- **elevation m**: 6
- **elevation ft**: 20
- **population total**: 1991
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 652.62
- **population density sq mi**: 1690.15
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 34996
- **area code**: Area code 772, 772
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 12-65225
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0290880
Kenneth Kitchen

**Kenneth Anderson Kitchen** (1932–2025) was a British biblical scholar and Ancient Near Eastern historian. He was a professor of Egyptology and honorary research fellow at the University of Liverpool. He was called by _The Times_ as "the very architect of Egyptian chronology".

Kitchen was born in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1932. He died in 2025.

## Infobox (academic)

- **name**: Kenneth Anderson Kitchen
- **birth place**: Aberdeen, Scotland
- **death date**: 2025 (aged 93–93)
- **occupation**: Bible scholar, archaeologist and Egyptologist
- **title**: Personal and Brunner Professorships, Brunner Professor Emeritus of Egyptology
- **discipline**: Egyptology
- **workplaces**: University of Liverpool
- **notable works**: _Ramesside inscriptions: Historical and biographical_; _The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC)_; _On the reliability of the Old Testament_
Irisbus Agora

The **Irisbus Agora** was a single-decker bus, It had a low-floor. It was made from 1996 to 2006 by Renault.

It has also been made under the following names:

- Agora by Irisbus
- Citybus by Karosa
- Škoda 24Tr Irisbus and Škoda 25Tr Irisbus by Skoda
- Irisbus Agora by Astra Bus
- Irisbus Agora Line by Optare

## Lenths

There are different lengths and names, the lengths and names are:
- **Standard** or **"S"** 12-metre version, can be made in one door, two doors or three doors
- **Articulated** or **"S"** 18-metre version, can be made in three doors or four doors
- "**Line**" 12-metre version, can be made in one door, two doors or three doors. This version was sold in the United Kingdom, in right hand drive.

- Intercity version called "**Moovy**" (unveiled in 2003) which was based on the Agora Line.

## Infobox (bus)

- **name**: Irisbus Agora
- **image**: CITURA_Agora_S_ligne_7.jpg
- **caption**: Renault Agora _Standard (S)_ in Reims in April 2011
- **manufacturer**: Renault
Iveco Bus, Irisbus
Karosa
Astra Bus
- **production**: 1996-2006
- **predecessor**: Renault R312
- **successor**: Irisbus Citelis
- **capacity**: 34 to 75 seated
- **length**: (Agora S)
- **floortype**: Low-floor bus, Low-floor
- **doors**: 1 door (United Kingdom and Australia)
1, 2, 3 or 4 doors (Europe)
- **engine**: Renault MIDR 062045
IVECO Cursor F2B
- **powerout**: (Renault)

(IVECO)
- **transmission**: Voith DIWA 3 or 4-speed Automatic transmission, automatic

ZF Ecomat 4 or 5-speed Automatic transmission, automatic
Werner von Salm-Reifferscheid

**Werner von Salm-Reifferscheid** (17 August 1545 - 16 December 1629) was a German nobleman who served as the ruler of Salm-Reifferscheid from 1559 to 1629.

## Life

He was the third son of Count Johann IX of Salm-Reifferscheid (1513–1559) and his wife Elisabeth of Henneberg-Schleusingen (1517–1577). He succeeded his father in 1559 and the ruled for 70 years until he died in 1629. He was notable for being against Protestantism.

## Marriage

Werner married on 21 August 1567 in Terborg , Gelderland , Netherlands , Countess Anna Maria von Limburg (c. 1543-1637), daughter of Count Georg von Limburg-Stierum and Countess Irmgard von Wisch. They had the following children:
- Johann Christoph (21 September 1573 – 26 August 1600, killed in battle), canon at St. Gereon in Cologne
- Hermann Adolf (5 March 1575 – 13 January 1637), Administrator-General of the Bishopric of Strasbourg
- Wilhelm Salentin (12 January 1580 – 6 September 1634, killed in battle), canon at St. Gereon in Cologne
- Elisabeth (5 October 1571 – c. 1616), married c. 1600 to Count Philipp Franz von Daun-Falkenstein (died 1616)
- Ernst Friedrich (29 May 1583 – 13 September 1639), Count and Altgrave of Salm-Reiferscheid, married on 12 June 1616 to Countess Maria Ursula von Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (1590 – 1649)
- Irmgard (18 October 1568 – 22 June 1578), canoness in Thorn

Werner also had illegitimate daughters:
- Maria Sophia (born on 7 April 1577), canoness in Elten
- Maximiliana (23 July 1578 – 1625), Canoness in Elten
Awake (album)

***Awake*** is the debut studio album by Secondhand Serenade. The album was released on October 27, 2005.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Awake
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Secondhand Serenade
- **released**: October 27, 2005
- **recorded**: 2005
- **genre**: Acoustic music, Acoustic rock, Emo, emo pop
- **length**: 38:55
- **label**: Independent
- **next title**: A Twist in My Story
- **next year**: 2008
Batman: Caped Crusader

***Batman: Caped Crusader*** is an American animated television series based on the DC Comics character Batman. The series is created by Bruce Timm, and produced by Bad Robot Productions, 6th & Idaho Motion Picture Company, DC Entertainment, Warner Bros. Animation, and Amazon MGM Studios. It premiered on August 1, 2024, on Amazon Prime Video to very positive reviews from critics and audience members. The show is noir-inspired, focusing on a young Bruce Wayne during the early years as Batman in Gotham City.

## Infobox (television)

- **developer**: Bruce Timm
- **showrunner**: Bruce Timm
- **music**: Frederik Wiedmann
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 1
- **num episodes**: 10
- **editor**: Marc Stone
- **runtime**: 24–26 minutes
- **network**: Amazon Prime Video
Robb Wells

**Robert Christopher "Robb" Wells** (born March 20, 1971) is a Canadian actor, comedian and screenwriter. He is best known for his role as Ricky in the mockumentary _Trailer Park Boys_. He has acted in movies, television, and voice acting.

Wells has also appeared in the 2009 movie _The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day_, 2011 movie _Hobo with a Shotgun_ and appeared in the season 3 episode of _Archer_ titled "The Limited" along with his _Trailer Park Boys_ castmates.

On July 4, 2013, Wells, John Paul Tremblay, and Mike Smith bought the rights to _Trailer Park Boys_ and revived the series through their website SwearNet. Seasons 8 to 12 were broadcast exclusively on Netflix.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robb Wells
- **image**: File:Rob Wells.jpg
- **caption**: Wells as Ricky in April 2009
- **birth name**: Robert Christopher Wells
- **birth place**: Moncton, New Brunswick
- **occupation**: Acting, Actor, comedian, screenwriter
- **yearsactive**: 1995—present
2024 YR4

**** is an asteroid that had a slight chance to impact Earth on December 22, 2032. More observations were later made that eliminated the possibility of a collision with Earth.

Earlier media had said that there was a 2.3% chance of striking Earth on December 22, 2032.
Metal-halide lamp

## Operation

A Metal Halide lamp is a gas discharge lamp, like a mercury vapor lamp, with metal halide salts added to improve luminous efficacy and CRI. The arc tube emits harmful UV light, but this light is blocked by the outer envelope. They are more efficient than an incandescent bulb. Metal halide lamps can be probe start or pulse start.

### Pulse start

Pulse start metal halide (PSMH) lamps start the lamp with a high voltage pulse, doing so by an igniter, or an electronic ballast. This is generally more efficient than probe start and allows for faster warm up times

### Probe start

Probe start metal halide lamps came first, and start in a way similar to a mercury vapor lamp. There is a ‘starting electrode’ run in series with a resistor, next to the main electrode to form a small arc which ignites the large arc. This means the lamp is slower to start, and less efficient than PSMH.

## Ballast

All gas-discharge lamps require a ballast to function. These can either be magnetic or electronic ballasts.

### Magnetic

Magnetic ballasts make use of an inductor to limit current flow, which is often paired with an igniter in a PSMH lamp. These ballasts waste some energy and may cause a poor power factor. A capacitor is often connected across the input terminals to correct power factor. Magnetic ballasts cause the lamp to pulse at 60 hz.

### Electronic

Electronic ballasts first rectify the incoming AC power to DC power then, this DC power is converted to high frequency AC, at 20 - 100 KHz. This reduces the pulsing of the lamp.
Subic Bay

**Subic Bay**, is a bay on the west coast of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is about 100 kilometers (62 mi) northwest of Manila Bay. The bay is 35 miles (55 km) northwest of the mouth of Manila Bay and extends northward along the Luzon coastline. From 1901 to 1992 the United States operated a naval base, _Subic Bay Naval Station_, on the southeast coast of the bay.

Following the U.S. turnover of the base to the Philippines in 1992, the area was redeveloped as a free-enterprise zone that included establishing a free port and technopark; and converted the naval air base there to an international airport.

## Subic Bay International Airport

**Subic Bay International Airport** serves as a secondary and diversion airport for the _Ninoy Aquino International Airport_ in Metro Manila and the _Clark International Airport_ in Pampanga.

## Other websites

_Map of Subic Bay_

_Subic Bay Port Facilities_

_Exploring the Philippines: Freeports and Special Economic Zones_

## Infobox (body of water)

- **name**: Subic Bay
- **image**: 130405-M-BA451-372 (8636779585).jpg
- **pushpin map**: Luzon mainland#Philippines
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Luzon##Location in the Philippines
- **image bathymetry**: San Bernardo Rd, Olongapo, Bataan, Philippines - panoramio (3).jpg
- **caption bathymetry**: Coast of Subic Bay
- **location**: Luzon Island, Philippines
- **type**: bay
- **part of**: West Philippine Sea
- **area**: 670 km2 (262  sq mi)
Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor

**Henry V** (; August 1081/1086 — 23 May 1125) was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1111 until his death in 1125. He was succeeded by Lothair of Supplinburg.

Henry was the son of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Bertha of Savoy. He was the last ruler of the Salian dynasty. He married Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, but they had no children. He died because of a disease in 1125.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Henry V
- **image**:
- **alt**: Henry V (middle; with crown) visiting his father Henry IV (right; inside the window) in prison
- **caption**: Henry V (middle; with crown) visiting his father Henry IV (right; inside the window) in prison
- **succession**: Holy Roman Emperor
- **reign**: 13 April 1111 – 23 May 1125
- **coronation**: 13 April 1111
- **predecessor**: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV
- **successor**: Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor, Lothair III
- **succession2**: King of Germany
(Formally King of the Romans)
- **reign2**: 1099 – 23 May 1125
- **predecessor2**: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV
- **successor2**: Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor, Lothair III
- **succession1**: King of Italy
- **reign1**: 1098 – 23 May 1125
- **predecessor1**: Conrad II of Italy, Conrad II
- **successor1**: Conrad III of Germany, Conrad III
- **father**: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
- **mother**: Bertha of Savoy
- **house**: Salian dynasty, Salian
- **birth place**: Goslar, Duchy of Saxony, Saxony
- **death date**: 23 May 1125 (aged 38 or 43)
- **death place**: Utrecht (city), Utrecht
- **burial place**: Speyer Cathedral (body)
Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht (heart and bowels)
Tarbiat Modares University

**Tarbiat Modares University** is a public graduate university in Tehran, Iran. Its name means "Professor Training University" in Persian. Tarbiat Modares University is the 7th best university in Iran according to usnews.

## Overview

Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) was founded in 1982 and is a leading graduate school in Iran. It offers Ph.D. programs in science and engineering. Currently, TMU has 171 master’s programs and 132 Ph.D. programs, with over 8,000 students and 775 faculty members.

### Faculty of Agriculture

Established in 1983, this faculty focuses on solving agricultural challenges through seminars and coursework.

### Faculty of Art and Architecture

This faculty offers programs in painting, animation, art studies, theatre, graphic design, visual arts, architecture, urban planning, construction, and building management.

### Faculty of Basic Sciences

Originally, this faculty included Biology, Chemistry, Geology, Mathematics, and Physics. As student numbers grew, Biology and Mathematics became separate faculties. Now, it focuses on Chemistry, Geology, and Physics.

- **Chemistry**: Covers Analytical, Inorganic, Organic, and Physical Chemistry.
- **Geology**: Focuses on Economic Geology, Engineering Geology, Petrology, and Tectonics.
- **Physics**: Specializes in Atomic and Molecular Physics, Condensed Matter, and Particle Physics.

### Faculty of Biological Sciences

Started with Plant Sciences and Genetics, later adding Biochemistry and Biophysics. It now includes Nanobiotechnology and broader biology fields.

### Faculty of Chemical Engineering

Founded in 1983, this faculty has six departments: Chemical Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, Polymer Engineering, Polymerization Processes, Biotechnology Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering.

### Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering

This faculty provides master’s and Ph.D. programs in civil and environmental engineering.

### Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE)

Offers M.Sc. and Ph.D. programs in biomedical engineering, computer engineering, communications, control, electronics, power systems, and IT engineering. The faculty also conducts research in optoelectronics, VLSI, satellite communications, power electronics, and power systems.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Tarbiat Modares University
- **native name**:
_Dāneshgāh-e Tarbiyat Modarres_
- **image name**: TMUentrance.jpg
- **caption**: Tarbiat Modares University
- **motto lang**: Persian language, Persian
- **mottoeng**: _One must have wisdom and knowledge and honesty_
- **chancellor**: Farhad Daneshjoo
- **students**: 7,970
- **city**: Tehran
- **country**: Iran
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban
- **type**: public university, Public
Routing

**Routing** is the process of selecting paths in a network to send data packets from a source to a destination. It is essential for communication in Computer Networks, the Internet, and Telecommunication systems. Routers, which are specialized Network Devices, determine the best path for data transmission using algorithms and protocols such as OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) and BGP (Border Gateway Protocol). Effective routing ensures efficient data delivery, reducing latency and optimizing network performance.

There are various types of routing, including Static Routing, Dynamic Routing, and Default Routing. Static Routing requires manual configuration of fixed paths, making it simple but less adaptable. Dynamic Routing, used in large networks like ISPs (Internet Service Providers), relies on protocols like RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) to adjust routes automatically. Default Routing is used when a router forwards packets to a default path when no specific route is known. These routing methods collectively ensure smooth data flow across LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), and Cloud Networks.

Routing plays a crucial role in modern Cybersecurity, as malicious actors can exploit vulnerabilities in Network Routing to launch Man-in-the-Middle Attacks, DDoS Attacks, and IP Spoofing. Secure routing protocols, such as IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) and SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security), help encrypt data and protect sensitive information. As network infrastructures evolve with advancements in 5G Technology, Edge Computing, and AI-driven Networking, routing strategies continue to improve, ensuring seamless global connectivity.

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Islamic Republic News Agency

**The Islamic Republic News Agency** (**IRNA**) is the official news agency of Iran. It was first started on November 13, 1934, as Pars News Agency during the rule of Reza Shah. The Iranian government funds and controls it through the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. IRNA also publishes a newspaper called Iran. As of September 2024, its Managing Director is Hossein Jaberi-Ansari. IRNA has 60 offices inside Iran and 30 more in different countries around the world.

## Other websites

- official instagram
- official telegram
- official twitter
- official youtube
- official jahan Irna instagram
- official irna images

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA)
- **location country**: Iran
- **owner**: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance
- **key people**: Hossein Jaberi-Ansari
- **founded**: 13 November 1934
(PARS newspaper)
- **formerly**: Pars News Agency <small>(1934–1981)</small>
- **website**: [http://www.irna.ir/ www.irna.ir]
Switch Metrocity

The **Switch Metrocity** (previously called the Optare MetroCity) is a single-decker midibus. It has a low-floor. It has been made from 2013 to the present day by Switch Mobility.

## MetroCity

From 2013 to the present day, Switch Mobility make a diesel model called the Metrocity.

The MetroCity is made in different lengths, these lengths are , , , , and ,

In 2020, Optare changed its name to Switch Mobility.

In 2023, Optare Metrocity was replaced with Switch Metrocity, the bus interior and exterior stayed the same.

## Metrocity EV

From 2014 to the present day, Switch Mobility make an electric model called the Metrocity EV.

In 2020, Optare changed its name to Switch Mobility.

In 2023, Optare Metrocity EV was replaced with Switch Metrocity EV, the bus interior and exterior stayed the same.

## Infobox (bus)

- **name**: Switch Metrocity
- **image**: File:MIDLAND CLASSIC Swadlincote - Flickr - secret coach park.jpg
- **caption**: Midland Classic Optare MetroCity in June 2018
- **manufacturer**: Switch Mobility
- **production**: 2013–present
- **length**: 9.9, 10.1, 10.6, 10.8 & 11.52 metres
- **width**: 2.47 metres
- **height**: 2.85 metres
- **floortype**: Low-floor bus, Low floor
- **doors**: 1 or 2
- **capacity**: 22–44 seated
- **transmission**: Allison Transmission, Allison 2100
- **predecessor**: Optare Tempo SR
Malatya

**Malatya** is a big city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the capital of Malatya Province. The city has been a human settlement for thousands of years.

The name "Malatya" might come from the Hittite word "melid" or "milit," which means "honey." The city has been known by different names over time, like "Malidiya" in Hittite and "Meliddu" in Akkadian.

The ancient Greek historian Strabo said that the city was called "Melitene" in ancient times. The Romans used this name after they expanded into the east. Strabo also said that the people of Melitene shared the same language and culture with people from nearby areas like Cappadocia and Cataonia.

The ancient city of Melitene was located a few kilometers away from the modern city, in the village of Arslantepe near Battalgazi. Battalgazi, which was called "Eskimalatya" (Old Malatya), used to be the center of the city until the 19th century, when the city moved to its current location.

Malatya is famous for its apricots. About 80% of Turkey's apricot production comes from Malatya, which is called "kayısı diyarı" (apricot land).

In February 2023, the city was severely damaged as a result of the Turkey–Syria earthquake.
Allobates velocicantus

The **fast singer frog** (_Allobates velocicantus_) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Home

Scientists saw the frog in forest that had never been cut down and forest that was growing back. They found it near streams. They saw it between 181 and 211 meters above sea level.

The frog lives in a protected place Área De Relevante Interesse Ecológico Japiim Pentecoste.

## Young

The female frog lays eggs on small, woody plant leaves. After the eggs hatch, the male frog carries the frogs to water.

## Danger

Scientists do not know if this frog is in danger of dying out.  Scientists found the frog in two places, and one of them is protected. But people cut down too many trees in both places to get wood to build with and make room for farms and places for cows to eat grass, even where this is against the law.
Jo Simons

**J. J. M. "Jo" Simons** (1938 – January 2025) was a Dutch politician. He was a member of the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and later Christian Democratic Appeal.

Simons was born in Pey in 1938. He started working in 1955 at the age of 17 at the town hall in Linne and became a municipal secretary. In September 1976 he was appointed mayor of Broekhuizen. He was mayor there until 1985 and was replaced by . In 1985 he was appointed mayor of Heel en Panheel and from 1986 he was also mayor of Beegden. After the merger of the municipalities of Heel and Panheel, Beegden and Wessem into the municipality of Heel, Simons became mayor of this merged municipality, which he would remain until his early retirement in 1995. Upon his retirement, Simons was appointed Knight in the Order of Orange Nassau. Simons died in 2025 at the age of 86.

Simons died in January 2025, at the age of 86.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jo Simons
- **birth name**: J. J. M. Simons
- **birth place**: Pey, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: politician
Switch Metrodecker

The **Switch Metrodecker** (previously called the Optare MetroDecker) is a double-decker bus. It has a low-floor. It has been made from 2014 to the present day by Switch Mobility.

In 2020, Optare changed its name to Switch Mobility.

## Metrodecker

From 2014 to the present day, Switch Mobility make a diesel bus called the Metrodecker.

### Operators

Three demonstrators were made by Optare for bus operators to trial around the United Kingdom. These entered service with First South Yorkshire, Go North East, NAT Group, and Go-Ahead London. After the trials ended, no operators ordered any diesel Metrodeckers.

In 2018, Reading Buses ordered five diesel Metrodeckers for use on Green Line route 702. In 2020, Reading Buses cancelled the order because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Metrodecker EV

From 2015 to the present day, Switch Mobility make a battery electric bus called the Metrodecker EV.

#### London

In 2019, Metroline ordered 31 Metrodecker EVs for use on route 134.

In 2020, Tower Transit ordered 37 Metrodecker EVs for use on routes 23 and C3,

In 2021, Go-Ahead London ordered 17 Metrodecker EVs for use on route 200.

##### United Kingdom

In 2019, First York ordered 21 Metrodecker EVs for use on York Park & Ride services.

## MetroDecker H2

In 2020, Optare made a hydrogen fuel cell bus bus called the MetroDecker H2. It was made for countries that have a humid subtropical climate and would need air conditioning. As of July 2025, no operators have ordered any Metrodecker H2s.

## Incidents

In May 2022, a fire destroyed six buses at Metroline's Potters Bar garage, two buses were Metrodecker EVs. Switch Mobility told all operators to stop using Metrodecker EVs. An investigation into the Potters Bar fire found that a conductive coolant had been added to the battery system of a Metrodecker EV instead of a non-conductive one, the buses returned to service in May.

In January 2024, a Metrodecker EV operated by Go-Ahead London caught fire while operating route 200 in Wimbledon, the cause of fire isn't known and was being investigated by Go-Ahead London.

## Infobox (bus)

- **name**: Switch Metrodecker
- **image**: Optare Metrodecker - New Adventure Travel (26642374933) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: NAT Group MetroDecker in Cardiff in 2016
- **manufacturer**: Switch Mobility
- **production**: 2014–present
- **length**: &
- **floortype**: Low-floor bus, Low floor
- **doors**: 1-2
- **capacity**: 63 - 84 seated
- **engine**: Mercedes-Benz buses, Mercedes-Benz OM934LA
 250kW Full Electric
- **transmission**: ZF EcoLife 6AP 1000B 6-speed
 ZF AVE 130 hub motor axle
- **predecessor**: Optare OmniDekka
Optare Olympus
- **related**: Switch Metrocity
Second inauguration of Grover Cleveland

The **inauguration of Grover Cleveland** as the 24th president of the United States happened on March 4, 1893. It was the start of the second and final four-year term of Grover Cleveland as president and the only term of Adlai Stevenson I as vice president.

The ceremony was held at the East Front of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. This event was the 27th inauguration. Cleveland had previously been the 22nd president, and was the first president to serve two non-consecutive terms.

Chief Justice Melville Fuller administered the presidential oath of office. Levi P. Morton administered the vice presidential oath to Stevenson.
This was the first inauguration in which a former president was re-inaugurated to a non-consecutive term. This did not happen again until the swearing-in of Donald Trump in 2025, following his victory in the 2024 presidential election.

## Other websites

Text of Cleveland's Second Inaugural Address