Dhaka

**Dhaka** is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. Dhaka is a megacity, and has a population of 10.2 million residents as of 2022, and a population of over 22.4 million residents in Greater Dhaka. It is widely considered to be one of the most densely populated built-up urban area in the world.

It is located just north of the Buriganga River, a channel of the Dhaleswari River, in the south-central part of the country. Dhaka is Bangladesh’s most populous city and is one of the largest metropolises in South Asia. Pop. (2001) city, 5,333,571; metro. area, 9,672,763; (2011) city, 7,033,075; metro. area, 14,543,124.

It was part of the Mughal Empire of Hindustan and served as the capital of the empire twice. Once from 1608 to 1639 and once from 1660 to 1704. After that, it became a part of the British Raj. Then it became a part of Pakistan as part of the Partition of India on 15 August 1947. Bangladesh was then called East Pakistan, and Dacca (Dhaka) became provincial capital of East Pakistan. In 1971, the new nation of Bangladesh was created.

Dhaka is home to Bangladesh Bank which is the country's central bank. Many multinational companies have offices in the city. The Dhaka Stock Exchange is one of the largest stock exchanges in South Asia.

The Bangabhaban in Dhaka is the official residence and workplace of the President of Bangladesh. It is also home to the National Parliament House.

There are 52 universities in Dhaka. Dhaka College was started in 1841, making it the oldest institution for higher education in the city.

## History

<mapframe latitude="23.761466" longitude="90.387955" zoom="10" width="200" height="100" align="right" />The Hindu Dhakeshwari Temple (shrine of “The Hidden Goddess”) is located in the western part of the city.

Although the city’s history can be traced to the 1st millennium CE, the city did not rise to prominence until the 17th century, when it served as the capital of the Muslim Mughal dynasty of Bengal province (1608–39 and 1660–1704). It was the center of a flourishing sea trade, attracting English, French, Armenian, Portuguese, and Dutch traders.

Historic buildings of the Muslim period include Lal Bagh fort (1678) and its tomb of Bibi Pari (died 1684), wife of a governor of Bengal; the Bara Katra (great caravansary, a building historically used for sheltering caravans and other travelers; 1664); the Chhota Katra (small caravansary; 1663); and Husayni Dalan (a religious monument of the Shīʿite branch of Islam; 1642). Other 17th-century buildings include the Hindu Dhakeshwari temple and Tejgaon church, built by the Portuguese.

With the removal of the provincial capital to Murshidabad (1704) and the weakening of the muslin industry, Dhaka entered a period of decline. It passed under British control in 1765 and was constituted a municipality in 1864, but it continued to lose prominence until it was designated the capital of Eastern Bengal and Assam province (1905–12). During the early 20th century Dhaka served as a commercial center and seat of learning. Following the end of British rule, when the region became a part of Pakistan, it was named the capital of East Bengal province (1947) and of East Pakistan (1956). Dhaka suffered heavy damage during the war of independence in 1971 but emerged as the capital of Bangladesh.

## Education

It has one of the best schools for students to study in and it is a very educational city. Dhaka has the largest number of schools, colleges and universities of any Bangladeshi city. The education system is divided into 5 levels: Primary (from grades 1 to 6), Junior (from grades 6 to 8), Secondary (from grades 9 to 10), Higher Secondary (from grades 11 to 12) and tertiary.[98] The five years of Primary education concludes with a Primary School Completion (PSC) Examination, the three years of Junior education concludes with Junior School Certificate (JSC) Examination, and next two years of Secondary education concludes with a Secondary School Certificate (SSC) Examination. Students who pass this examination proceed to two years of Higher Secondary or intermediate training, which culminate in a Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC) Examination.[98] Education is mainly offered in Bengali, but English is also widely taught and used. Many Muslim families send their children to attend part-time courses or even to pursue full-time religious education alongside other subjects, which is imparted in Bengali and Arabic in schools, colleges and madrasas.Dhaka College is the oldest institution for higher education in the city and among the earliest established in British India, founded in 1841. Since independence, Dhaka has seen the establishment of numerous public and private colleges and universities that offer undergraduate and graduate degrees as well as a variety of doctoral programmes.

## The Contemporary City

Since its establishment as the capital city, the population, area, and social and economic diversity of Dhaka have grown tremendously. Together with its river port of Narayanganj, 10 miles (16 km) to the south, Dhaka now is one of the most densely industrialized regions in the country. Traditional products include _jamdani_ (fine-quality muslin), embroidery, silk, and jewelry. Among the city’s major industries are jute processing and the manufacture of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, textiles, leather goods, ceramics, and electronics products. A strong export-oriented garment industry emerged in the late 20th century.

The area around Dhaka consists of a level plain bounded by the Meghna, Padma (Ganges [Ganga]), and Jamuna (Brahmaputra) rivers. The plain is crossed by a network of streams and rivers, the chief being the Dhaleswari, Buriganga, and Sitalakhya. Important crops are rice, jute, sugarcane, and oilseeds; there is also some cattle farming.

The city contains several universities, among which the University of Dhaka (1921), the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (1962), and Jahangirnagar University (1970) are prominent. Dhaka is also home to numerous government colleges, a nuclear-science training and research centre, the national library, a museum, and the national art gallery. In addition, the area includes the site of the ancient city of Vikramapura, former capital of the Pala rulers of Bengal (8th–12th century). Among Dhaka’s more recent buildings of note are the Star Mosque (Tara Masjid), built in the Mughal architectural style in the early 19th century with later renovations; Curzon Hall at the University of Dhaka, erected at the beginning of the 20th century, combining Mughal and European influences; and the National Assembly Building (Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban), designed by architect Louis I. Kahn and completed in 1982.

## Place to visit

- Ahsan Manzil Museum
- Lalbagh Fort
- National Parliament House
- Sonargaon
- Bangladesh National Museum

## Dhaka-Agartala Bus

After years of negotiations, the Dhaka-Agartala bus was agreed upon on July 11, 2001. The bus connects Bangladesh with its eastern neighbor, the Indian state of Tripura. Tripura has a substantial Bengali population and indigenous peoples who have close commercial and cultural links with the people of eastern Bangladesh.

## Other websites

- Dhaka in Banglapedia

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Dhaka
- **settlement type**: Megacity
- **native name**: ঢাকা
- **other name**: Dacca
- **nickname**: _The Venice of Venice of the East, the East_
- **flag size**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Bangladesh
- **subdivision type1**: Divisions of Bangladesh, Division
- **subdivision name1**: Dhaka Division
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Bangladesh, District
- **subdivision name2**: Dhaka District
- **established title**: Establishment
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–council
- **leader title**: Mayor of North Dhaka
- **leader title1**: List of Mayors of South Dhaka, Mayor of South Dhaka
- **leader title2**: Dhaka Metropolitan Police, Police Commissioner
- **area total km2**: 305.47
- **area metro km2**: 2161.17
- **area metro sq mi**: 834.432
- **elevation m**: 32
- **elevation ft**: 104.96
- **population total**: 10,278,882
- **population as of**: 2022
- **population rank**: List of cities and towns in Bangladesh, 1st
- **population metro**: 22,478,116
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density metro km2**: auto
- **population demonym**: Dhakaiyas, Dhakaiya, Dhakaites
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **utc offset**: +06:00
- **timezone**: Bangladesh Standard Time, BST
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in Bangladesh, Postal code
- **postal code**: 1000, 1100, 12xx, 13xx
- **area code**: +880-2
- **registration plate**: DHAKA-D-11-9999""111
- **blank name**: Telephone numbering plan, National calling code
- **blank info**: List of country calling codes, +088
- **blank1 name**: Telephone numbering plan, Calling code
- **blank1 info**: Telephone numbers in Bangladesh, 02 (for Dhaka City only)
- **blank2 name**: Police
- **blank2 info**: Dhaka Metropolitan Police
- **blank3 name**: International airport
- **blank3 info**: Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport
- **blank4 name**: ISO 3166-2:BD, ISO 3166-2
- **blank4 info**: BD-13
- **blank name sec1**: Human Development Index, HDI (2021)
- **blank info sec1**: 0.745
 · List of regions of Bangladesh by Human Development Index, 1st of 20
- **blank1 name sec2**: Greater Dhaka, Metro gross domestic product, GDP 2023 (market exchange rate, Market XR)
- **blank1 info sec2**: $246.3 billion (per capita $5,638)
- **blank2 name sec2**: Greater Dhaka, Metro gross domestic product, GDP 2023 (purchasing power parity, PPP)
- **blank2 info sec2**: $740 billion (per capita  $15,614)
- **website**:

- **blank4 name sec1**: Rapid Transit
- **blank4 info sec1**: Dhaka Metro Rail