juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Wrong Way Up

***Wrong Way Up*** is a studio album by multi-instrumentalists Brian Eno and John Cale. It was recorded between April and July 1990. It was released in October 1990.

## Track listing

1. "Lay My Love" - 4:44
1. "One Word" - 4:34
1. "In the Backroom" - 4:02
1. "Empty Frame" - 4:26
1. "Cordoba" - 4:22
1. "Spinning Away" - 5:27
1. "Footsteps" - 3:13
1. "Been There, Done That" - 2:52
1. "Crime in the Desert" - 3:42
1. "The River" (Brian Eno) - 4:23

## Personnel

- John Cale − vocals, piano, keyboards, bass, harp, horn, dumbek, viola, strings, omnichord
- Brian Eno − vocals, keyboards, rhythm bed, Indian drum, guitar, Shinto bell, bass, little Nigerian organ
- Robert Ahwai − guitar
- Nell Catchpole − violin
- Rhett Davies − backing vocals
- Daryl Johnson − bass
- Ronald Jones − tabla, drums
- Bruce Lampcov − backing vocals
- Dave Young − guitar, bass

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Wrong Way Up
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Brian Eno, Eno / John Cale, Cale
- **released**: October 1990
- **recorded**: April-July 1990
- **genre**: Rock and roll, Rock
- **length**: 41:30
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: All Saints Records, All Saints, Opal Records, Opal, Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros.
- **producer**: Brian Eno, John Cale
Protective gear in sports

**Protective equipment**  helps sport people not get hurt. They use it in skiing, inline skating, skateboarding, snowboarding, and other sports.  Types of protective equipment for these sports include wrist guards.  Inline skating protective equipment includes a helmet, knee pads, elbow pads, and wrist guards.  Skiing protective equipment includes helmets, and release bindings.  Snowboarding protective equipment includes wrist guards.

Protective equipment for Australian rules football includes headgear.
Mobility aid

**Mobility aids** (or **orthopedic aids**) are devices that are designed to help people walk or move better. They can make people hurt less and feel less pain. An example is a wheelchair.

## Types

There are two types of orthopedic aids. One type means people can move part of the body less. The other type means people put less weight on their feet. Splints, knee braces, shoe adjustments, position aids and abduction casts are orthopedic aids.

## Using

Children with a disability are two times more likely than children who do not have a disability to use an orthopedic aid.

## Around the world

In Croatia, health insurance pays for orthopedic aids for people less than 18 years old, or people who got hurt while working.

## Related pages

- Prosthesis
Ski lift

A **ski lift** is a machine which can take people up and down a hill or mountain. There are different kinds of ski lifts. Some are like chairs. Some are like tram cars.

## Related pages

- Chairlift
Ski instructor

**Ski instructors** are people who teach other people how to ski. Ski instructors need a license to teach skiing.
Kellogg–Briand Pact

The **Kellogg–Briand Pact** (also called the General Treaty for the Renunciation of War or the World Peace Act) was an agreement on peace signed on August 27, 1928, by several countries. Some of these countries were the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, and Germany. It was named after its authors, Frank B. Kellogg and Aristide Briand.
The pact said that war was wrong and should be banned, but said nothing about what to do with a country that went to war anyway. The pact was the result of a determined American effort to avoid involvement in the European alliance system. The Kellogg–Briand Pact was registered with the League of Nations on Tuesday 4 September, 1928.
Guide skier

A **guide skier** is a person who helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go. They communicate by using a radio or talking to them. The guide skier can see.

## Alpine skiing

Skiers can use more than one guide during a race type. The guide can only win a medal if they raced with the same skier for the whole race type. Like the skier, the guide has to have an IPCAS Licence in order to compete in races. Guide skiers need to follow to anti-doping rules.

## Biathlon

Skiers follow the guide skier in the biathlon.
Ski goggles

**Ski goggles** are goggles that help protect a skiers' eyes from the sun.

## Lenses

Ski goggle lenses are made from soft plastic. Ski goggles come with lenses in a range of tints, allowing skiers to choose according to their personal preference and the conditions they will be skiing in. Different tints enhance visibility and contrast in various lighting conditions, enabling skiers to select lenses that best suit their needs and improve their skiing experience. Ski goggles sometimes fog and it is not easy to see through the lens. Some models have a coating to prevent fog rom building up on the lens.

## Use

Ski goggles are frequently positioned atop the helmet when not actively in use, as seen in the photo. This practice allows for easy accessibility and storage while ensuring the goggles remain within reach for when they are needed again.

People who wear glasses can get ski goggles that can be worn over their glasses.

## Storage

Ski glasses are stored in soft bags to prevent the lenses from being scratched.
Ski suit

A **ski suit** is a piece of clothing.  It has one piece.  It does not have one shirt and one pair of pants. The ski suit protects the skier when they are racing.
Whistler Creekside

**Whistler Creekside** is one of four neighborhoods in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada.

The 2010 Winter Paralympics para-alpine skiing races were at Whistler Creekside. The types of races at Whistler included downhill, Super-Combined, Super-G, slalom and giant slalom.
2002 Winter Paralympics

The **2002 Winter Paralympics** was the eighth Winter Paralympics. They were held in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, from 7 to 16 March 2002. A total of 416 athletes from 36 nations participated in the Games. They were the first Winter Paralympics in the American continent.

These were the first Paralympic Winter Games for Andorra, Chile, the People’s Republic of China, Croatia, Greece and Hungary.

## Para-alpine skiing

At the 2002 Winter Paralympics, women's downhill and men's unable to see downhill were on day 1. Men's standing and being seated downhill were on day 2. Men's standing and  being seated Super-G was on day 3. Men's unable to see and women's Super-G was on day 5. Men's standing and  being seated Giant Slalom was on day 7. Women's and men's unable to see Giant Slalom was on day 8. Men's standing and being seated Slalom was on day 9. Women's and men's unable to see Slalom was on day 10.

## Sledge hockey

The United States came in first in sledge hockey.
2010 Winter Paralympics

The **2010 Winter Paralympics** were the 10th Winter Paralympics. They were held in Vancouver and Whistler, British Columbia, Canada from 12 to 21 March 2010. The Opening Ceremony was held in BC Place Stadium in Vancouver. The Closing Ceremony was in Whistler.

## Para-alpine skiing

The 2010 Winter Paralympics para-alpine skiing races were at Whistler Creekside. The types of races at Whistler included downhill, Super-Combined, Super-G, slalom and giant slalom.

## Sledge hockey

The United States came in first in sledge hockey.
2006 Winter Paralympics

The **2006 Winter Paralympic Games** was the ninth Winter Paralympics. It was held in Turin, Italy from 10 to 19 March 2006. These were the first Winter Paralympic Games to be held in Italy.

## Para-alpine skiing

At the 2006 Winter Paralympics, a new classification system was used. It made 14 classes into three groups and used factored results for each of three groups. At the 2006 Games, in the Super-G, there were 55 male competitors compared to 18 women in the standing group.

## Sledge hockey

The United States came in third in sledge hockey.
Paraplegia

**Paraplegia** is paralysis of the legs and lower half of the body. It happens when the spinal cord is damaged in the thoracic, lumbar or sacral area. Sometimes, they are kept alive by a life-support machine. It sometimes happens when the patients get a disease or spinal cord injury.

## Superior paraplegia

Superior paraplegia is a type of paraplegia where patients cannot use their arms and the top of their body. A person who has paraplegia is sometimes called a paraplegic.
Bernard of Clairvaux

**Bernard of Clairvaux** (1090-1153) was a French theologian. He is a Roman Catholic saint. He was an abbot in the Cistercian order. He was also the patron of the Knights Templar.

## Related pages

- The road to hell is paved with good intentions

## Other websites

- Bernard's entry at Catholic Encyclopedia
Aesculus indica

***Aesculus indica*** (or the **Indian** or **Himalayan Horse Chestnut**) is a tree. It grows to about  with a spread of about . It best grows in -15°C (5°F), USDA zones 7-9. It is in flower from June to July. The seeds ripen in October. The flowers are hermaphroditic. There are many white blossoms during May and June. The plant is pollinated by bees. Its leaves are 10–20 cm long by 2–6 cm wide. The mature tree forms a round canopy.
Mini-bar

A **mini-bar** is a small refrigerator in a hotel room with drinks in it. They are usually found in expensive and sometimes mid-range hotel rooms and may have things like soft drinks, wine and beer. The hotel usually charges to use it, and prices are usually very high.

Many mini-bars automatically charge money if drinks are removed, even if you do not drink them.
Rhododendron ponticum

***Rhododendron ponticum***, called **common rhododendron** or **pontic rhododendron**, is a species of rhododendron. It is native to southern Europe and Asia. It is the state flower of Kashmir. It has become an Invasive species in North America. It is a dense,suckering, shrub or small Tree <nowiki/>that usually grows to 5 meters tall,or rarely 8 meters.
Otto Sander

**Otto Sander** (30 June 1941 – 12 September 2013) was a German actor. He was known for his roles in _Wings of Desire_, _Das Boot_, and in _Faraway, So Close!_. He was also known for his deep strong voice.

Sander was born on 30 June 1941 in Hanover, Germany. He was raised in Kassel, Germany. Sander graduated from Friedrichgymnasium in 1961. He was married to Monika Hansen until his death in 2013. Sander died on 12 September 2013 in Berlin, Germany from esophageal cancer, aged 72.
274301 Wikipedia

**274301 Wikipedia** is an asteroid in the asteroid belt. It was discovered by Andrushivka Astronomical Observatory in 2008. It was named "Wikipedia" in January 2013.
Maladolescenza

***Maladolescenza*** is a 1977 romance-drama movie. It is about three children: Sylvia, Laura and Fabrizio. Fabrizio is a sinister and cruel boy. He kills one of the teenage girls so she will never leave him. This movie was very controversial in several countries. It was refused classification or banned in several areas, particularly Germany. Modern reviews have called the movie a strong artistic work, although some disapprove of the material inside this movie.
Crystallinity

**Crystallinity** is a physical property of a solid that acts like a crystal. The degree of crystallinity of a crystal has a big influence on hardness, density, transparency and diffusion.

Crystallinity can be measured using x-ray diffraction, but calorimetric techniques are also commonly used.

Examples would include: sodium chloride (table salt).
Mint (candy)

**Mint** is a flavor frequently used in candy, chewing gum and ice cream. Famous brands of mints include Polos (made by Rowntrees, then Nestlé), Altoids, Cadburys After Dinner Mints, Fisherman's Friends, Trebor extra strong mints, Menthos and Wrigleys spearmint gum, also with Mentos Mints.

## Other websites

- The Trebor story
- Fisherman's Friends
- Polos
- Mentos
The Legend of Zelda: Hyrule Historia

***The Legend of Zelda: Hyrule Historia*** is a book about _The Legend of Zelda_ video game series. It shows the timeline of the fictional events in the series as written by Nintendo. It also has artwork of games in the series, a short manga, and a foreword (a short piece of writing found at the beginning of a book) and afterword (a short piece of writing found at the end of a book) written by people who created the series.

It was first released in Japan on December 21, 2011. It was released for the series' 25th anniversary and the release of _The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword_. It was later released in English on January 29, 2013.

The book topped Amazon.com's list of best-selling books. It also topped _The New York Times_ Best Seller list in the "Hardcover Advice & Misc." category.

## Other websites

- Official web page for the English version
Virgin Islands

The **Virgin Islands** are part of the Leeward Islands, which are the northern part of the Lesser Antilles. They are between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

The eastern islands are the British Virgin Islands. The British Virgin Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. It includes Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Jost Van Dyke and Anegada.

The western Virgin Islands are the United States Virgin Islands. It includes St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas and Water Island. The Virgin Passage separates the U.S. Virgin Islands from the _Spanish Virgin Islands_ of Vieques and Culebra, which are part of Puerto Rico. The United States dollar is the official currency on both the British and U.S. Virgin Islands as well as the Spanish/Puerto Rican Virgin Islands.
Raab

**Raab** is a market town in Upper Austria. The area of Raab is .

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Raab
- **image skyline**: Raab Marktstraße 101 Gemeindeamt.JPG
- **image shield**: Wappen at raab.png
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **map caption**: Location within Schärding district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Upper Austria
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Schärding District, Schärding
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Josef Traunwieser
- **elevation m**: 381
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **registration plate**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, SD
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 4760
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: 07762
- **website**: [http://www.raab.ooe.gv.at www.raab.ooe.gv.at]
Ray Dolby

**Ray Milton Dolby** <small>OBEh</small> (January 18, 1933 – September 12, 2013) was an American engineer and inventor of the noise reduction system known as Dolby NR. He was also a co-inventor of video tape recording while at Ampex.

He was the founder of Dolby Laboratories. He was also a billionaire and a member of the Forbes 400 with an estimated net worth of $2.9 billion in 2008 although as of September 2012 it was estimated to have declined to $2.4 billion.

Dolby was born on January 18, 1933 in Portland, Oregon. He studied at San Jose State University, at Stanford University, and at Cambridge University.

Dolby was married to Dagmar Dolby from 1966 until his death in 2013. They had two children.

Dolby died on September 12, 2013 in San Francisco, California from leukemia, aged 80.

## Other websites

- Ray Dolby bio
- Dolby, R. (2002-05-11). Some Musings on Progress in Audio. Heyser lecture at Audio Engineering Society. Retrieved on 2007-03-26 from http://aes.org/technical/112Heyser.cfm .
- 2004 Interview With Dolby
- Group photo of the Ampex VTR team including Ray Dolby

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Dr.
- **name**: Ray Dolby
- **image**: RayDolby.jpeg
- **caption**: Dolby (left) being inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in May 2004
- **birth name**: Ray Milton Dolby
- **birth place**: Portland, Oregon, United States
- **death place**: San Francisco, California, United States
- **death cause**: Leukemia
- **education**: San Jose State University,
Stanford University,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge University
- **spouse**: Dagmar Dolby<small>(1966–2013; his death)</small>
- **children**: Tom Dolby,
David Dolby
Délfor Dicásolo

**Délfor Amaranth Dicásolo**, better known as **Délfor** (April 25, 1920 – September 13, 2013) was an Argentine actor, comedian, screenwriter, and artist. He was known for his radio work and comedic routines. His career has lasted for 57 years.

Dicásolo was born on April 25, 1920 in Chivilcoy, Buenos Aires, Argentina. His parents were from Naples, Italy. Dicásolo had two children. He lived in Buenos Aires with his family until his death in 2013. Dicásolo died on September 13, 2013 in his Buenos Aires home from natural causes, aged 93.
Coming to America

***Coming to America*** is a 1988 comedy movie directed by John Landis. It is about an African prince who comes to the United States in hopes of finding a woman he can marry. It stars Eddie Murphy, Arsenio Hall, James Earl Jones, John Amos, Ralph Bellamy, and Don Ameche. It was released on June 29, 1988. A sequel, _Coming 2 America_, was released in December 2020.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Coming to America
- **director**: John Landis
- **producer**: George Folsey Jr.
Robert D. Wachs
- **story**: Eddie Murphy
- **music**: Nile Rodgers
- **cinematography**: Sol Negrin
Woody Omens
- **editing**: Malcolm Campbell
George Folsey Jr.
- **studio**: Eddie Murphy Productions
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
- **runtime**: 117 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $36 million
- **gross**: $288.8–350 million
Nekromantik

***Nekromantik*** is a controversial 1987 horror movie directed by Jörg Buttgereit. The subjects look at suicide and necrophilia. This horror movie was refused classification in Australia, Iceland, New Zealand and Norway due to its graphic and explicit content. It became a cult movie during the years after its release, however.
Granary

A **granary** is a building or room (usually in a barn) that holds grain.  It keeps the grain dry so it does not spoil, and keeps it away from animals that would eat it.  They are an important part of a farm.  If the grain is lost, eaten by pests, or ruined, the farmers might starve or lose much money.

## History

Granaries have been around as long as humans have had agriculture and in some cases even before we planted crops.  The earliest ones are over 11,000 years old and stored grains that grew in the wild and were collected by hand.

## Structure

Granaries usually have few, if any, windows.  They are often built off the ground, to keep out water and mice. They will have a door near the bottom to get the grain out, and usually have an opening up high to put the grain in.

## Related pages

- Silo
- Grain elevator
Silo

A **silo** is a building that holds silage. Silage is green chopped plants (usually grass or corn stalks) that is kept wet (this is different than hay, which is stored dry). It ferments and can be kept all winter. It makes good food for livestock, particularly dairy cows.

## History

The silo is a fairly recent part of the farmyard.  It was first widely used in the late 1800's.  They are still used today.

## Structure

While silage can be stored in many ways, the typical silo is a tall cylinder. It usually has a cone or dome cap on top. There is an opening at the top to put silage in, and doors running down one side to take it out. Originally a farmer would climb the outside of the silo to the top of the silage, go inside, and shovel out the silage. There is typically a chute on the outside, and the silage would fall down the chute, where it could be gathered and fed to the cows. Now there is machinery that does that job.
Flag of Kazakhstan

The current **flag of Kazakhstan** () was adopted on 4 June 1992. It replaced the flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.
Flag of Kosovo

The **flag of the Republic of Kosovo** was adopted after its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008.

The background of the flag is blue in color. A map of Kosovo and six stars are on the map.  Officially, the stars mean Kosovo's six major ethnic groups.
Power County, Idaho

**Power County** is a county of the U.S. state of Idaho. The area of Power County is .

### Cities

- American Falls
- Pocatello (partly)
- Rockland

### Census-designated place

- Arbon Valley

### Unincorporated communities

- Arbon
- Neeley
- Pauline
- Roy

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Power County
- **state**: Idaho
- **founded year**: 1913
- **founded date**: January 30
- **seat wl**: American Falls
- **largest city wl**: American Falls
- **area total sq mi**: 1443
- **area land sq mi**: 1404
- **area water sq mi**: 38
- **area percentage**: 2.7
- **ex image**: Power_County_Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Power County Courthouse, American Falls
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 7878
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Mountain
- **district**: 2nd
- **web**: www.co.power.id.us
- **named for**: hydroelectric power, power plant at the American Falls Dam
Oil-paper umbrella

The **oil-paper umbrella** () is a type of paper umbrella from China. It has spread to Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand and Laos. People in these countries have developed the oil-paper umbrella with different features.

In China and Japan, in addition to use as providing shade, the oil-paper umbrella is used at weddings. In Ryukyu, it is also used at funerals.
Deontological ethics

**Deontological ethics** is a type of ethics and ethical theories.  It judges actions based on whether they follow certain rules. It is sometimes described as "duty" or "obligation" or "rule" -based ethics, because rules "bind you to your duty". The Ancient Greek word _deon_ is commonly translated as _obligation_ or _duty_. Deontological ethics is different from consequentialism, which judges actions based on what happens because of them. It is also different from pragmatic ethics.

There are different fields of deontological ethics. Some of them are:
- Immanuel Kant treated duty as very important. People call his ethics deontological ethics.
- Some people believe that some actions are morally right (or morally wrong), regardless of other things, for example their consequences or the intentions behind them. People call this idea moral absolutism.
- The term  _divine command theory_ is used for several ideas that say that an action is right if God says that it is right. William of Ockham, René Descartes and eighteenth-century Calvinists all believed this, according to Ralph Cudworth, because they all stated that moral obligations arise from God's commands.
Snow skin mooncake

**Snow skin mooncake** (Also known as **Snowy mooncake**, **Ice skin mooncake** or **Crystal mooncake**) is a Chinese food which is often eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival. A bakery in Hong Kong created snow skin mooncakes in 1989.

Snow skin mooncake is not baked. Traditional mooncakes are made with egg yolks and lotus seed paste. Therefore, there is a lot of sugar and oil in them.
Pragmatic ethics

**Pragmatic ethics** is a kind of ethics that focuses  on  the development in society: People such as John Dewey believe that the moral progress a society makes is related to the progress and level in science of that society. Scientists look at hypotheses and examine them; they can then act in such a way that they believe these hypotheses to be true. When science advances, future scientists can replace a hypothesis with a better one.
Jon Philp

**Jonathan (Jon) Philp** (born 1960 in Bangkok) is an Australian diplomat and career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

On 9 August 2012, Bob Carr announced Philp as the next Australian ambassador to Afghanistan. He presented his credentials to Afghan President Hamid Karzai on 31 January 2013.

Before he was chosen as ambassador, Philp was the Assistant Secretary, International Organisations Branch and Assistant Secretary, Consular Operations Branch.

He has previously served overseas as Ambassador to Turkey; Deputy Head of Mission in Myanmar and postings to Saudi Arabia, Vientiane, London, Nairobi and Madrid.

Mr Philp holds a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) from the Australian National University. He speaks Arabic and French.

## Postings

- 1986-1988 - Third Secretary, Australian Embassy in Riyadh
- 1992-1995 - Deputy Head of Mission, Australian Embassy in Yangon
- 1996-1998 - Director, Southeast Asian Issues
- 1999 - Assistance Secretary, Diplomatic Security Branch
- 2001-2004 - Ambassador, Australian Embassy in Ankara
- 2004-2007 - Head of International Relations, Woodside Petroleum
- 2008-2009 - Somalia Taskforce, Nairobi
- 2009-2011 - Assistance Secretary, Consular Operations Branch
- 2012 - Assistant Secretary, International Organisations Branch
- 2013-present - Ambassador, Australian Embassy in Kabul
Centre for Conflict and Peace Studies

The **Centre for Conflict and Peace Studies**  is an independent research organization, which started in July 2006. Its office is in Kabul, Afghanistan. This office is a research centre, which means that it is an important place where people can do independent research. Most of its research is about governance, security, and developmental challenges (difficulties) in Afghanistan.

Most research centres in Afghanistan have foreign - non-Afghan - workers, but the people who work at there are from Afghanistan. It is a place where people can discuss ways to change Afghanistan. The workers tell other Afghan people about their research. They also discuss their research with people from other countries. When people from other countries come to Afghanistan to work, they can learn how to live in Afghanistan from them.

## Other websites

- Official website
Susan Cox

**Susan Cox** is an Australian diplomat and is a career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

On 28 September 2012, she was chosen as the new Australian ambassador to Croatia. She gave her credentials to Croatian President Ivo Josipović on 14 December 2012.

She has previously served as Ambassador to the Federated States of Micronesia, Deputy High Commissioner in Vanuatu, and Australian Vice Consul in New Caledonia.

Previous jobs she held with the department include Director of Passport Communication and Training, Director of the Post Security Taskforce and Director of the Consular Policy and Crisis Management Section.

Cox holds a Bachelor of Arts (Administration) from the University of Canberra. She is currently completing an Executive Masters in Public Administration at the Australia and New Zealand School of Government. She was awarded the Order of Australia Medal for her role in the response to the 2002 Bali bombings.
Cheka

The **Cheka**  was the first  Soviet state security organization. It was created on 20 December 1917, after a decree issued by Vladimir Lenin. Its first leader was Polish aristocrat-turned-communist Felix Dzerzhinsky.

## History

By late 1918, hundreds of Cheka committees had been created in the cities. Many thousands of dissidents, deserters, or other people were arrested, tortured or executed by Cheka groups.  After 1922, Cheka groups underwent many reorganizations, as did the NKVD.

From its start, the Cheka was an important military and security arm of the Bolshevik communist government. In 1921 the troops of the Cheka numbered 200,000. These troops policed and ran the Gulag system; "requisitioned" food; tortured and executed political opponents; put down rebellions and riots by workers or peasants, and mutinies in the desertion-plagued Red Army.

Cheka was succeeded by OGPU in 1922, but its members were still called Chekists.

## Name

The full name of the Cheka in 1918 was (in Russian) the "All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution, Profiteering and Corruption".

A member of Cheka was called a "chekist" throughout the Soviet period, despite various official name changes. The term is still found in use in Russia. For example, President Vladimir Putin has been referred to in the Russian media as a "chekist" due to his career in the KGB.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: VCheKa ()
- **logo**: Znak5 GPU.GIF
- **logo width**: 100px
- **logo caption**: Cheka badge as it was in 1922
- **formed**: 1917
- **preceding1**: Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee, VRK
- **dissolved**: <small>(reorganized and renamed)</small> 1922
- **superseding**: State Political Directorate
- **headquarters**: 2 Gorokhovaya street, Petrograd
 Lubyanka (KGB), Lubyanka Square, Moscow
- **chief1 name**: Felix Dzerzhinsky
- **agency type**: Secret police
- **parent agency**:
Council of the People's Commissars
Jorge Pedreros

**Pedreros Jorge Arnaldo Aviles** (August 8, 1942 – September 14, 2013) was a Chilean musician, record producer, actor, comedian. He is one of the creators of the iconic comedy show _Jappening with Ja_.

Pedreros was born on August 8, 1942 in Santiago, Chile. He was married to Gladys del Río from 1967 until his death in 2013. Pedreros died on September 14, 2013 from complications of pneumonia, aged 71.
Das Boot

***Das Boot*** (The Boat) is a 1981 German epic war movie directed by Wolfgang Petersen. It stars Jürgen Prochnow, Herbert Grönemeyer, Klaus Wennemann, Jan Fedder and Otto Sander with Günter Lamprecht. It is set in the early 1940s. It is based on the 1973 novel _Das Boot_.

## Overview

The plotline is the story of a German submarine in WWII in the Battle of the Atlantic. At first the going is easy, and the boat very successful. Gradually it gets more and more difficult are various anti-submarine measures are put in place by Britain. This takes a toll on the morale of the crew and captain.

The movie received many positive reviews from critics including Roger Ebert who gave the movie 4/4 stars. It was based on a book of the same title.

One curious feature of the film was that Columbia Pictures released both a German version and an English-dubbed version in the United States. The film's German version gross taking was much higher than the English-dubbed version at the United States box-office.
Kigurumi

In Japanese, a **kigurumi** () is a costumed performer who represents a cartoon character. It is very important in the Harajuku fashion. The name literally translates to "wearing a soft toy". Kigurumi come in cute characters such as Totoro, Hello Kitty and Pikachu. They are considered cute. The costumed characters at Disneyland are considered kigurami.
Hiiu County

**Hiiu County** () is one of the 15 counties of Estonia. It is the smallest county both in terms of area and population. It is made up of Hiiumaa, the second-largest island of Estonia, and several smaller islands near it.

## Municipalities

The county has 1 rural municipality - Hiiumaa Parish. The only urban settlement, Kärdla, is part of the parish since 2017.

## Other websites

- Hiiumaa.ee – Hiiumaa portal
- Hiiumaa County Government  – Official website (in Estonian)

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Hiiu County
- **settlement type**: Counties of Estonia, County of Estonia
- **image flag**: Hiiumaa_lipp.svg
- **flag size**: 125px
- **image shield**: Hiiumaa_vapp.svg
- **shield size**: 75px
- **image map**: Hiiu in Estonia.svg
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Kärdla
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Riho Rahuoja
- **area total km2**: 1023
- **population total**: 10097
- **population as of**: 2009
- **population density km2**: auto
- **iso code**: EE-39
Harju County

**Harju County** () is one of the 15 counties of Estonia. It is in northern Estonia. Around 528,468 people live in Harju County. This is about 39.4% of the total population in Estonia (as of January 2011).

There are a number of protected areas in Harju County. Lahemaa National Park was the first national park in the Soviet Union. There are 21 nature reserves and 25 landscape protection areas, that are at least partly in Harju County. The largest is the Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve.

## Municipalities

Harju County is divided into 16 municipalities. Four are urban and 12 are rural.

|Rank|Municipality|Type|Population (2018)!! Area km<sup>2</sup> !! Density|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Anija Parish|Rural|6,280|533|11.8|
|2|Harku Parish|Rural|14,356|159|90.3|
|3|Jõelähtme Parish|Rural|6,424|211|30.4|
|4|Keila|Urban|9,956|11|905.1|
|5|Kiili Parish|Rural|5,302|100|53.0|
|6|Kose Parish|Rural|7,196|533|13.5|
|7|Kuusalu Parish|Rural|6,547|708|9.2|
|8|Loksa|Urban|2,663|4|665.8|
|9|Lääne-Harju Parish|Rural|12,881|644|20.0|
|10|Maardu|Urban|15,722|23|683.6|
|11|Raasiku Parish|Rural|5,050|159|31.8|
|12|Rae Parish|Rural|17,968|207|86.8|
|13|Saku Parish|Rural|9,864|171|57.7|
|14|Saue Parish|Rural|21,711|615|35.3|
|15|Tallinn|Urban|448,758|158|2,840.2|
|16|Viimsi Parish|Rural|19,784|73|271.0|

## Other websites

- Harju County Government  – Official website (in Estonian)

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Harju County
- **settlement type**: Counties of Estonia, County of Estonia
- **image flag**: Flag of et-Harju maakond.svg
- **flag size**: 125px
- **image shield**: Et-Harju_maakond-coa.svg
- **shield size**: 75px
- **image map**: Harju in Estonia.svg
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Tallinn
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Ülle Rajasalu
- **area total km2**: 4333
- **population total**: 528,468
- **population as of**: Jan 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **iso code**: EE-37
Rapla County

**Rapla County** (), or **Raplamaa**, is one of the 15 counties of Estonia. It is located west of the country. 36,678 people live in Rapla County. This is 2.7% of the total population in Estonia (as of January 2009).

## History

The first written records of Rapla date back to the 1241 Danish census (_Liber Census Daniae_).

## County government

The county government (**') is led by a governor (**'). The governor is appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years.

## Municipalities

The county is divided into municipalities. There are 4 rural municipalities in Rapla County:
|Rank|Municipality|Type|Population (2018) !! Area km<sup>2</sup> !! Density|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Kehtna Parish|Rural|5,605|512|10.9|
|2|Kohila Parish|Rural|7,096|230|30.9|
|3|Märjamaa Parish|Rural|7,739|1,174|6.6|
|4|Rapla Parish|Rural|13,334|849|15.7|

## Geography

Natural resources in Rapla county include limestone, dolomite, peat, and clay.

## Other websites

- County Government  Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Rapla County
- **settlement type**: Counties of Estonia, County of Estonia
- **image flag**: Raplamaa_lipp.svg
- **flag size**: 125px
- **image shield**: Raplamaa_vapp.svg
- **shield size**: 75px
- **image map**: Rapla in Estonia.svg
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Estonia
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Rapla
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Tõnis Blank
- **area total km2**: 2980
- **population total**: 36678
- **population as of**: Jan 2009
- **population density km2**: auto
- **iso code**: EE-70
Jean Dunn

**Jean Dunn** is an Australian diplomat and a senior career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

On 8 December 2011, Australian Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd said that Dunn would be the next Ambassador to Poland. Dunn gave her credentials to Polish President Bronisław Komorowski on 17 January 2012.

Before this, Dunn was Australian Ambassador to Lebanon from 2009 to 2010 and to Turkey from 2004 to 2007. She had earlier jobs with the department in South Korea and the United States.

Dunn holds a Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours in Japanese language and politics from Monash University. She has three children.
Agnes Monica

**Agnes Monica Muljoto** (born 1 July 1986) is an Indonesian pop singer, songwriter, celebrity, and dancer. She began her career in singing at the age of six. She also became a presenter on a children's television show. When she was a teenager, Agnes Monica started working as an actor. Her appearance on the soap opera _Pernikahan Dini_ (2001) made her famous. Agnes Monica then starred in a series of soap operas that made her the highest-paid teenage artist in Indonesia at that time.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Si Meong_ (1992)
- _Yess!_ (1995)
- _Bala-Bala_ (1996)
- _And the Story Goes_ (2003)
- _Whaddup A'..?!_ (2005)
- _Sacredly Agnezious_ (2009)
- _Agnez Mo (album)_ (2013, in English)

- Extended plays
- _Nez_ (2008)

- Compilation albums
- _Agnes Is My Name_ (2011)

- Sacredly Agnezious
°I Believe (Outro)
°A.G.N.E.Z

Whaddup A..!?(2005)THE ALBUM
°Get Up
°What They Called Soulmated
°I'll light a candle (feat. Keith Martin)

2011 The Duets Collection (Track Bonus)
°Michael Bolton - Said I Loved You But I Lied (feat. Agnes Monica)

2013 AGNEZ MO THE ALBUM

The Album "X" (2017)

AGNEZ MO (OMV) from X (2017)
°Long As I Get Paid
°Damn I Love You
°Wanna Be Loved

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Agnes Monica
- **image**: Agnes performing as a guest star at 2007 Asian Idol.jpg
- **image size**: 250
- **caption**: Appearance as a guest star Agnes Monica on 'Asian Idol' in 2007
- **birth name**: Agnes Monica Muljoto
- **birth place**: Jakarta, Indonesia
- **occupation**: Singer, Songwriter, Celebrity, Dancer
- **nationality**: Indonesia, Indonesian
- **website**: [http://www.agnezmo.com/ Official website]
Patricia Holmes

**Patricia Ann Holmes** is an Australian diplomat and is a senior career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

On 13 September 2011, Acting Foreign Minister Craig Emerson said that he had appointed Holmes as Australia's new Ambassador to Argentina; with concurrent non-resident accreditation to Paraguay and Uruguay. She gave her credentials to President of Argentina Cristina Fernández de Kirchner on 10 April 2012.

Before this, Holmes was Assistant Secretary of the department's Legal Counsel Branch. She had held this job since April 2010. Holmes has served previously in Geneva WTO (Counsellor 2006-2009), Papua New Guinea (First Secretary 1998-2000) and Vanuatu (Third, later Second, Secretary 1994-1996).

Holmes holds a Bachelor of Science with a Bachelor of Law degree from Macquarie University; a Graduate Diploma in Legal Studies from the University of Technology, Sydney; a Masters of Arts in Foreign Affairs and Trade and a Masters of Laws in Environmental Law from the Australian National University. Holmes was admitted to the Bar of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory in 1992. She can speak Spanish. She has a partner and three children.
Libation

A **libation** is a ritual sacrifice of a liquid. Usually, this was done by pouring the liquid over a sacred object.
Quantum foam

**Quantum foam** (or **space time foam**) is a concept in quantum mechanics. It was created by John Wheeler in 1955. The _foam_ is supposed to be thought of as the foundation of the things that make up the universe. The theory predicts that very small particles of matter and antimatter are constantly created and destroyed. These subatomic objects are called virtual particles.
Virtual learning environment

A **virtual learning environment** (**VLE**) is a kind of e-learning system placed on a website. It gives learners online access to tools and information to help them with learning something.

Common tools offered on a VLE are: online quizzes, email, discussion forums and student blogs. Common information shared with learners via a VLE is: worksheets, lesson plans, homework, grades, assignments and deadlines.

Combining the use of a VLE and normal classes is often called blended learning.

Some well-known VLEs are Moodle, WebCT and BlackBoard, but many others exist.
Semper Fidelis

"**Semper Fidelis**" is the official march of the United States Marine Corps. It was written by John Philip Sousa in 1888. The words _Semper Fidelis_ mean "Always Faithful" in Latin.

Sousa became conductor of the United States Marine Corps band in 1880. He had some success with his earliest works like "The Gladiator" (1886), but his first big hit with the public was "Semper Fidelis".

This march is sometimes thought to be the prototype for American marches. Until "Semper Fidelis", American marches had taken European marches as their models. It was "the first musical composition to receive the official recognition of the United States government." "Semper Fidelis" is the only march authorized for a service by Congress. The USMC uses it for the Pass in Review during Change of Command Ceremonies, as well as Public Parades. It was played along the parade route for Bill Clinton's second inauguration. The march has an AaBbCcDd form. Its meter is 6/8. Other marches by Sousa are "The Stars and Stripes Forever" and "The Washington Post".

## References

- Simmons, Edwin H. 1974. _The United States Marines: A History_. Naval Institute Press.
- Woodstra, Christopher, et. al. 2000. _All Music Guide to Classical Music_ Backbeat Books.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Semper Fidelis
- **cover**: Semper fidelis sousa 2.jpg
- **caption**: Sheet music cover, 1888
- **genre**: American march
- **composer**: John Philip Sousa
- **tracks**: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sousa%27s_%22Semper_Fidelis%22_-_United_States_Marine_Band_(2016).mp3
Barclays Center

**Barclays Center** is an indoor arena in Brooklyn, New York. It is about  east of downtown New York City. The arena is the home court for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the arena for the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena was opened on September 21, 2012. The arena cost more than US$1 billion to build.

The first basketball game that was played there was an NBA preseason game between the Nets and the Washington Wizards on October 15, 2012.

On October 24, 2012, the New York Islanders announced that they signed a 25-year deal with the arena and would be moving to the Barclays Center in 2015 after their lease of the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum ends. They played their first preseason game against the New Jersey Devils in a 3–0 loss. The first regular season NHL game was played on October 9, 2015 against the 2015 Stanley Cup champion Chicago Blackhawks. The Islanders lost 3–2 in overtime.

The arena was host to the WWE's TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs pay-per-view event in 2012. In 2015, it hosted NXT TakeOver: Brooklyn and SummerSlam. On September 28, 2015, WWE announced that their SummerSlam event would return to the Barclays Center in 2016 and 2017.

## Other websites

- Barclays Center, official website

## Infobox (stadium)

- **stadium name**: Barclays Center
- **image**:
- **caption**: The western entrance of Barclays Center, taken from the corner of Atlantic Avenue and Flatbush Avenue.
- **location**: 620 Atlantic Avenue (New York City), Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn, New York (state), New York 11217, United States
- **broke ground**: March 11, 2010
- **opened**: September 21, 2012
- **owner**: Forest City Enterprises (majority)
Mikhail Prokhorov#ONEXIM Group, ONEXIM Sports & Entertainment (minority)
- **seating capacity**: Basketball: 17,732
Ice hockey: 15,813
Concert: 19,000
- **tenants**: Brooklyn Nets (National Basketball Association, NBA) (2012–present)
New York Islanders (National Hockey League, NHL) (2015-2020)
- **website**: [http://www.barclayscenter.com Official website]
- **cost**: $1 billion
Meerut

**Meerut** (, ) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is an ancient city. Settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilization have been found in the area. The city is located  northeast of the national capital, New Delhi. It is the 25th largest city in India.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Meerut
- **settlement type**: Metropolitan City
- **image skyline**: Meerut Montage 01.jpg
- **image caption**: Clockwise from Top: Martyr Memorial, Meerut Clock Tower, Mustafa Castle, Basilica of Our Lady of Graces
- **pushpin map**: India#India Uttar Pradesh
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision type2**: Divisions of Uttar Pradesh, Division
- **subdivision type3**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name1**: Uttar Pradesh
- **subdivision name2**: Meerut Division, Meerut
- **subdivision name3**: Meerut district, Meerut
- **governing body**: Meerut Municipal Corporation
- **leader party**: Bahujan Samaj Party, BSP
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: sunita verma
- **leader title1**: Divisional Commissioner
- **leader name1**: Anita Meshram, Indian Administrative Service, IAS
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 183
- **elevation m**: 224.659
- **population total**: 1524908
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population metro**: 1226709
- **population rank**: 26
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **postal code type**: Postal Index Number, PIN
- **postal code**: 250 0xx
- **area code**: 91- 121- XXXX XXX
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **registration plate**: UP-15
- **demographics1 info1**: Hindi
- **leader name2**: Anil Dhingra, Indian Administrative Service, IAS
- **leader title2**: District Collector, District Magistrate
- **leader name3**: Akhilesh kumar, Indian Police Service, IPS
- **leader title3**: Superintendent of Police (India), Senior Superintendent of Police
- **leader name4**: Dr. Arvind Kumar Chaurasia (IAS)
- **leader title4**: Municipal Commissioner (India), Municipal Commissioner
John Philip Sousa

**John Philip Sousa** (November 6, 1854 – March 6, 1932) was an American musician and composer. He was born in Washington, DC. His father was of Portuguese ancestry and his mother of Bavarian. In 1880, he was appointed conductor of the United States Marine Corps band. He wrote military marches and other patriotic music. His best known works are "Semper Fidelis" (the Official United States Marine Corps march), "The Stars and Stripes Forever" (the National March of the United States of America), and "The Washington Post". Sousa died of heart failure in Reading, Pennsylvania. He is buried in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington, DC.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: John Philip Sousa
- **image**: John Philip Sousa.jpg
- **caption**: John Philip Sousa
- **birth date**: November 6, 1854
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C.
- **death date**: March 6, 1932
- **death place**: Reading, Pennsylvania
- **nationality**: American
- **other names**: "The March King"
- **known for**: Military marches
- **occupation**: Composer, conductor, musician
The Stars and Stripes Forever

"**The Stars and Stripes Forever**" is a march by John Philip Sousa. It was written in 1896. It is the National March of the United States.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: The Stars and Stripes Forever
- **cover**: Stars and Stripes Forever 1.jpg
- **caption**: Sheet music cover, 1897
- **genre**: American march
- **composer**: John Philip Sousa
The Washington Post (march)

"**The Washington Post**" is a march song by John Philip Sousa, produced in 1889. He wrote it for the American newspaper, _The Washington Post_. The company was giving awards for an essay contest and wanted music for the ceremonies.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: The Washington Post
- **cover**: Washington Post2.jpg
- **caption**: Sheet music cover, 1889
- **genre**: American march
- **composer**: John Philip Sousa