juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
The Office (American TV series)

***The Office*** is an American television sitcom that aired on National Broadcasting Company (NBC). It was developed by Greg Daniels and used a mockumentary format. It won both an Emmy and a Peabody Award.

_The Office_ is set in Scranton, Pennsylvania. It is an American adaptation of the BBC series with the same name.

## Characters

- **Michael Scott** is played by Steve Carell
- **Dwight Schrute** is played by Rainn Wilson
- **Andy Bernard** is played by Ed Helms
- **Pam Halpert** is played by Jenna Fischer
- **Jim Halpert** is played by John Krasinski
- **Stanley Hudson** is played by Leslie David Baker
- **Phyllis Lapin-Vance** is played by Phyllis Smith
- **Angela Martin** is played by Angela Kinsey
- **Kevin Malone** is played by Brian Baumgartner
- **Oscar Martinez** is played by Oscar Nunez
- **Erin Hannon** is played by Ellie Kemper
- **Ryan Howard** is played by B. J. Novak
- **Meredith Palmer** is played by Kate Flannery
- **Creed Bratton** is played by Creed Bratton
- **Toby Flenderson** is played by Paul Lieberstein
- **Kelly Kapoor** is played by Mindy Kaling
- **Darryl Philbin** is played by Craig Robinson
- **Nellie Bertram** is played by Catherine Tate
- **Karen Filippelli** is played by Rashida Jones
- **Holly Flax** is played by Amy Ryan
- **Robert California** is played by James Spader
- **Jo Bennett** is played by Kathy Bates
- **Gabe Lewis** is played by Zach Woods
- **Hank the security guard** is played by Hugh Dane
- **Jan Levinson** is played by Melora Hardin
- **David Wallace** is played by Andy Buckley

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: The Office US logo.svg
- **genre**: Comedy, mockumentary, satire
- **creator**: Ricky Gervais
Stephen Merchant (original British series)
- **developer**: Greg Daniels
- **starring**: Steve Carell
Rainn Wilson
John Krasinski
Jenna Fischer
B. J. Novak
- **opentheme**: Written by Jay Ferguson (American musician), Jay Ferguson
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English
- **num seasons**: 9
- **num episodes**: 201
- **list episodes**: List of The Office (U.S. TV series) episodes
- **runtime**: normally 30 minutes (with commercials) (#Season synopses, details)
- **network**: NBC (USA)
- **related**: _The Office (British TV series), The Office (UK)_
_Parks and Recreation_
Kevin James

**Kevin George Knipfing** (born April 26, 1965), known professionally as **Kevin James**, is an American comedian and Emmy Award-nominated actor. He is known for his portrayal of lead character Doug Heffernan on the television sitcom _The King Of Queens_, and Eric Lamonsoff in _Grown Ups_ and _Grown Ups 2_.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Kevin James
- **image**: Kevin James 2011 (Cropped).jpg
- **caption**: James in 2011
- **birthname**: Kevin George Knipfing
- **birth place**: Mineola, New York, USA
- **yearsactive**: 1991-present
Mark Hamill

**Mark Richard Hamill** (born September 25, 1951) is an American actor and writer. He is known for his portrayal of Luke Skywalker in the original _Star Wars_ trilogy (1977–1983), the _Star Wars_ sequel trilogy (2015–2019), and for voicing The Joker in almost all animated Batman television series or animated movies.

### Voice acting

Hamill has gained a reputation as a voice actor. He first did voice acting work in the early 1970s voicing the character Corey Anders on the Saturday morning cartoon _Jeannie_ by Hanna-Barbera Productions. He later played Sean in the Ralph Bakshi film _Wizards_, which was released just three months before _Star Wars_ in 1977. In addition Hamill has also provided the voice for Fire Lord Ozai in Avatar: The Last Airbender, and Chanukah Zombie on Futurama. He also provided the voice of Chucky in the 2019 reboot of the franchise.

### Writing

Hamill is the co-writer of _The Black Pearl_, a comic book miniseries published by Dark Horse Comics. He wrote an introduction to the Trade Paperback _Batman: Riddler Two-Face_ which reprints various stories involving The Riddler and Two-Face to tie in with _Batman Forever_. He has also written several stories for _Simpsons Comics_, including "Catastrophe in Substitute Springfields!", which parodies DC's _Crisis on Infinite Earths_ and also references several other classic comics.

### Other work

Hamill directed and starred in the 2004 direct-to-DVD _Comic Book: The Movie_. A comic book fan who attended science fiction and comic conventions before he became famous, Hamill stated that his character was based on an exaggerated version of himself. He and his crew shot most of the mockumentary film during the 2002 San Diego Comic-Con, and enlisted Stan Lee, Kevin Smith, Bruce Campbell and Hugh Hefner in small roles. The movie won an award for Best Live-Action DVD Premiere Movie at the 2005 DVD Exclusive Awards.

## Personal life

Hamill married dentist Marilou York in a private civil ceremony on December 17, 1978. They have three children together: Nathan (born September 25, 1979), Griffin (born March 4, 1983), and Chelsea Elizabeth (born July 27, 1988) On January 11, 1977, Hamill was in a car accident in which he fractured his nose and left cheekbone, requiring seven hours of surgery. According to Hamill in a recorded interview, he was driving his BMW on a freeway and became distracted, and seeing that he was missing his offramp, tried to negotiate four lanes of traffic (some real scars from the crash made an appearance in _The Empire Strikes Back_).

## Other websites

- Mark Hamill at the Internet Movie Database

## Infobox (actor)

- **image**: Mark Hamill (48419236062) Cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Hamill in 2019
- **birth place**: Oakland, California, U.S.
- **birth name**: Mark Richard Hamill
- **occupation**: Actor, writer
- **height**: 175 cm
- **years active**: 1970–present
- **party**: Democrat
- **children**: 3
- **awards**: **Saturn Award for Best Actor**
1977 _Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope_
1980 _Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back_
1983 _Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi_
Brest, France

**Brest** is a town in France. It is in the Finistère department and the Brittany region. Its population in 1999 was around 150,000. Even if it is by far the largest town in Finistère it is not the prefecture (Quimper is).

## Twin towns

Brest is twinned with:
- Cádiz, Spain  (1986)
- Constanţa, Romania  (1993)
- Denver, Colorado, United States  (1956)
- Dún Laoghaire, Ireland  (1984)
- Kiel, Germany  (1964)
- Plymouth, United Kingdom  (1963)
- Saponé, Burkina Faso  (1989)
- Taranto, Italy  (1964)
- Yokosuka, Japan  (1970)

## Mayors

- 1959-1973 : Georges Lombard.
- 1973-1977 : Eugène Berest.
- 1977-1982 : Francis Le Blé.
- 1982-1983 : Pierre Maille.
- 1983-1985 : Jacques Berthelot.
- 1985-1989 : Georges Kerbrat.
- 1989-2001 : Pierre Maille again.
- 2001- : François Cuillandre.

## Education

- École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne

## Crime

The municipality of Brest is experiencing a growing laxity regarding crime.

## Other websites

- City of Brest
St John's Innovation Centre

**St John's Innovation Centre (SJIC)** is a famous company which helps small companies to grow. It is in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England. It was started in 1987 in St John’s College, Cambridge, near the Cambridge Science Park.

## Other websites

- Official website
- SJIC  at Cambridge Network
- News on BBC
- Some info at The World Bank
- SJIC’ pictures
St John's College, Cambridge

**St John's College** is a college of the University of Cambridge. It was started by Lady Margaret Beaufort in 1511. It is geographically one of the largest colleges of the University of Cambridge, and the third largest in terms of its membership. It is the second richest of all the Oxbridge colleges. The college is also known for its famous choir.

## Other websites

- St Johns College on Google maps
- St John's College
- Choir of St John's College webcasts
- A history of St John's choir school and choristers
- St John's College JCR Website
Cambridge Science Park

The **Cambridge Science Park** is a group of science and technology-related businesses started by Trinity College, Cambridge in 1970. It is the oldest science park in the United Kingdom. It has many science and technology related businesses, and has strong links with the nearby University of Cambridge.

## Other websites

- Cambridge Science Park
Lauterpacht Centre for International Law

The **Lauterpacht Centre for International Law (LCIL)** at the Faculty of Law, Cambridge, England, was founded in 1985 by Sir Elihu Lauterpacht under the name The Research Centre for International Law. It was renamed in 1997 “to honour the achievements of his father Sir Hersch Lauterpacht and himself”. The purpose of the centre is to "promote international law by a combination of individual and group research”. The centre is currently directed by Professor James Crawford SC, FBA.

## Other websites

- Lauterpacht Centre for International Law
- On the Cambridge Graduate Studies Prospectus
Hersch Lauterpacht

Sir **Hersch Lauterpacht** (16 August 1897 in Zółkiew, Austria-Hungary (nowadays Schowkwa in Ukraine) – 8 May 1960 in London) was an Austrian-born British jurist of Jewish descent. He was a legal scholar, specialized in international law and a philosopher of law, and also a judge and a lawyer.

## Life

Lauterpacht was born in Austrian Galicia, which became Polish after World War I. He studied in Lemberg and in Vienna. During this time he was the first president of the World Federation of Jewish Students. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1923, where he studied at the London School of Economics. He became a British citizen in 1931.

He lectured at several British universities like the London School of Economics, the University of London, and the University of Cambridge.

Lauterpacht was a member of the United Nations' International Law Commission from 1952 to 1954, and a Judge of the International Court of Justice from 1955 to 1960. The Lauterpacht Centre for International Law at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom is named after him. His son Elihu Lauterpacht started the center and was its first director.

## References

- _Hersch Lauterpacht. 1897–1960._ Arnold Duncan McNair. Oxford University Press, London 1962

## Other websites

- Sir Hersch Lauterpacht 1897-1960
- Judge Schwebel's Memories About Sir Hersch
- Tributes from Hans Kelsen and Lord McNair to Sir Hersch Lauterpacht
Painesville, Ohio

**Painesville** is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States, along the Grand River.
College Football Hall of Fame

The **College Football Hall of Fame** is a hall of fame and museum for college football. It is in downtown Atlanta, GA in the United States.

## Inductees

The people in the College Football Hall of Fame (also called Inductees) include:
- Whitey Wistert
Solid mechanics

**Solid mechanics** is the branch of mechanics, physics, and mathematics that concerns itself with how solid matter under external actions works  (such as external forces, temperature changes, applied displacements, etc.). It is part of a larger study known as continuum mechanics. One of the most common practical applications of solid mechanics is the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation.
Chicago Police Department

The **Chicago Police Department**, also known as the **CPD**, is the main law enforcement agency of the City of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States, under the jurisdiction of the city mayor. It is the largest police department in the Midwest and the second largest in the United States after the New York City Police Department with over 13,700 Sworn Uniformed Police Personnel and over 2,700 Civilian Members. Dating back to 1837, the Chicago Police Department is one of the oldest modern police forces in the world.

## On television

NBC calls it _Chicago Wednesdays,_ as it shows _Chicago Med_, _Chicago Fire_ and _Chicago PD_ (in that order) on Wednesday evenings. On occasion, they will all share the same story line to where one show ends showing the handoff to the next show.

## Infobox (law enforcement agency)

- **agencyname**: Chicago Police Department
- **commonname**: Chicago P.D.
- **abbreviation**: CPD
- **flag**: Municipal Flag of Chicago.svg
- 180px
- **flagcaption**: Flag of the City of Chicago and of the Chicago Police Department
- **motto**: _We See and Protect_
- **formed**: 1855
- **country**: United States
- **divtype**: State
- **divname**: Illinois
- **subdivtype**: City
- **subdivname**: Chicago
- **sworntype**: Sworn Uniformed Police Personnel
- **sworn**: 13,700
- **unsworntype**: Civilian Member
- **unsworn**: 2,700
- **chief1name**: J.P. Weis
- **chief1position**: Superintendent of Police
- **officetype**: Bureau
- **stationtype**: District
- **stations**: 25
- **website**: [http://egov.cityofchicago.org/city/webportal/portalEntityHomeAction.do?entityName=Police&entityNameEnumValue=33 Official site]
Lady Margaret Beaufort

**Lady Margaret Beaufort** (31 May 1441 – 29 June 1509), of the House of Lancaster, was the mother of King Henry VII of England, and grandmother of Henry VIII. She was an important figure in the Wars of the Roses. Lady Margaret Hall, a college of the University of Oxford, is named after her.

## Other websites

- A short profile of Margaret alongside other influential women of her time
- Catholic Encyclopedia article
- Margaret Beaufort's patronage of theatre and/or music
- The school that was established in honour of Lady Margaret Beaufort's will

## Infobox (noble)

- My Lady’s
- **name**: Margaret Beaufort
- **title**: The King's Mother
 Countess of Richmond and Derby
- **birth date**: 31 May 1441
- **issue**: Henry VII of England
- **father**: John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset
- **mother**: Margaret Beauchamp of Bletso
- **noble family**: House of Beaufort, Beaufort
- **birth place**: Bletsoe Castle, Bedfordshire, England
- **death place**: Westminster Abbey, London, England
- **burial place**: Henry VII Chapel
- **image**: Attributed to British School, 16th century - Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby (1443-1509) - RCIN 404749 - Royal Collection.jpg
- **succession**: Countess of Richmond
- **reign**: 1455 – 15 January 1457
- **reign-type**: Tenure
- **burial date**: 12 July 1509
- **predecessor**: Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, Edmund Tudor
- **pre-type**: Earl
Chicago Tribune Silver Football

The **Chicago Tribune Silver Football** is awarded by the _Chicago Tribune_ to the college football player chosen to be the Most Valuable Player of the Big Ten Conference.

## Other websites

- Official page from the Chicago Tribune
Science park

A **science park** is a property designed and used for supporting high tech, science, or research related businesses. Science parks are found all over the world, but they mostly exist in developed countries. Over 140 are found in North America alone.

## Other websites

- UK Science Park Association
- International Association of Science Parks
Oxbridge

**Oxbridge** is a word that is used to mean the University of **Ox**ford and the University of Cam**bridge** in England. It used to mean a fictional mix of the two universities, but now refers to both in real life.

The word 'Oxbridge' started because the two universities are very similar:
- They are the two oldest universities in England; both were started more than 800 years ago.
- They were the only universities in England until the 19th century.
- Between them they have produced a large number of Britain's most well known scientists, writers, and politicians, as well as famous people in many other jobs.
- Also, they both share a similar college system, as each university is made up of separate colleges.

The competition between Oxford and Cambridge also has a long history, dating back to the days when Cambridge was founded by unsatisfied scholars from Oxford.

## Other websites

- University of Cambridge
- University of Oxford
- The Oxbridge boat race
- The Varsity Match
Nîmes

**Nîmes** is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Gard department in the Occitanie region. Nîmes dates back to Ancient Rome.

## History

Nîmes was an important Roman town. Many sites have been discovered, including:
- The _temple of Diane_
- The _Maison Carrée_
- The _Nîmes amphitheatre_, the best-preserved in France.

The town was supplied with water by the Pont du Gard.

## Sister cities

Nîmes is twinned with:
- Preston, United Kingdom, since 1955.
- Verona, Italy, since 1960.
- Braunschweig, Germany, since 1962.
- Prague, Czech Republic, since 1967.
- Frankfurt an der Oder, Germany, since 1976.
- Salamanca, Spain, since 1979.
- Rishon LeZion, Israel, since 1986.
- Meknes, Morocco, since 2005.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Nimes
- **commune status**: Prefectures in France, Prefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image**: Nîmes,_Centre_ville.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason_ville_fr_Nîmes_(Gard).svg
- **arrondissement**: Nimes
- **insee**: 30189
- **postal code**: 30000
- **mayor**: Jean-Paul Fournier
- **term**: 2014-2020
- **intercommunality**: Communauté d'agglomération Nîmes Métropole
- **elevation m**: 39
- **elevation min m**: 21
- **elevation max m**: 215
- **area km2**: 164.2
- **population**: 146709
- **population date**: 2012
Lieutenant

A **Lieutenant** is an officers rank in the military, police and fire departments. It is an entry level supervisory position. The word comes from the French language. Lieu means "place" and tenant means "holding". A lieutenant is someone who takes the place of a superior when that person is not available. It can also mean a deputy position to assist someone else to carry out their job.

## Military

In many military organizations, a lieutenant is an entry level commissioned officer's rank. Generally, but not always, it is divided into two levels.

### Second Lieutenant

A second lieutanant (2LT) (2ndLt) (2d Lt) (O1) is the lower rank of lieutanant. A second lieutenant is addressed as "lieutenant" the same as a first lieutenant. In the United States Army, for example, a second lieutenant leads a platoon made up of two or more squads or about 16 to 44 soldiers. In this capacity he or she functions as a platoon leader or commander. The length of time an officer can hold the rank of second lieutenant is different in different services. For example, in the British Army it may be held for up to 2 years.
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### First Lieutenant

A first lieutenant (1LT) (1stLt) (1st Lt) (O2) is the senior rank of lieutenant. A first lieutenant is also addressed as "lieutenant". In the army, a first lieutenant often functions as the executive officer of a Company (military unit). A company may have from 110 to 140 personnel. In the British Army, an officer may hold this rank for up to three years.

There is great variation in the insignia used worldwide. In most English-speaking and Arabic-speaking countries, as well as a number of European and South American nations, full lieutenants (and equivalents) usually wear two stars (pips) and second lieutenants (and equivalents) one. An example of an exception is the United States, whose armed forces distinguish their lieutenant ranks with one silver bar for first lieutenant and one gold (brass) bar for second lieutenant.
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|Australia|Bangladesh|Canada|Georgia|Germany|Greece|India|Indonesia|Iran|Israel|Italy|North Macedonia|Mexico|Poland|Pakistan|Sweden|Romania|Russia|UK|US|

In many Navies including the United States Navy, a lieutenant is the equivalent rank to an army captain and a lieutenant (junior grade) is the same as an army first lieutenant. The equivalent to a second lieutenant is the naval rank of ensign.

## Related pages

- Lieutenant commander
- Lieutenant colonel
- Lieutenant general
- Lieutenant governor

## Other websites

- British Army Officer Ranks; YouTube
- All US Military Ranks; YouTube
- On Being: A 2nd Lieutenant; YouTube
Trinity College, Cambridge

**Trinity College** is a college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Trinity has more students than any other college in Cambridge or Oxford. It is also the wealthiest Oxbridge college. It owns the O2 Arena. It is one of the three royal colleges.

Trinity College was formed by King Henry VIII in 1564 when two colleges merged together.  These two colleges were Michaelhouse, which had been formed by Hervey de Stanton in 1324, and King's Hall, which had been formed by King Edward II in 1317 and formed again in 1337 by King Edward III.

Two members of the British royal family and six British prime ministers have studied at Trinity College.

Of the 90 people from Cambridge who have won Nobel prizes, 32 were from Trinity College.

Famous people who have studied there include Isaac Newton (who went there in 1661), Charles III and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

The first time that the rules of association football were written down was at Trinity in 1848.

Trinity College's Wren Library is the biggest library at Cambridge. It has around 300,000 books and is open to the public.

## References

- The story of Trinity, "The Independent" 14 July 2009 p. 10

## Other websites

- Trinity College, Cambridge official website
- Trinity College, Cambridge students' union (TCSU) website
- Trinity B.A. Society
- Trinity College May Ball website
- Undergraduates' Perspective of Trinity
- Trinity College on Google maps
- Trinity College Isaac Newton Trust
Al Wistert

**Albert Alexander "Ox" Wistert** (December 28, 1920 – March 5, 2016) was a former All-Pro American football player. He played college football at the University of Michigan with the Wolverines. He was born in Chicago, Illinois.

He played in the National Football League for the Phil-Pitt Steagles in 1943 and the Philadelphia Eagles from 1944 to 1951. He is named on the Philadelphia Eagles Honor Roll.

He has his college jersey #11 retired at the University of Michigan and his NFL jersey #70 retired by the Philadelphia Eagles. Outside of football he has become a successful life insurance salesman which he had for 40 years. He was married to his wife Ellie for 61 years before her death and he has three daughters and three grandchildren.

Wistert died on March 5, 2016 in Grants Pass, Oregon. He was aged 95.
Alvin Wistert

**Alvin "Moose" Wistert** (June 26, 1916 – October 3, 2005) was an American Football player.
The Detroit News

***The Detroit News*** is one of the two major newspapers in the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan.
John Kowalik

** Janusz “John” Kowalik** (born 26 March 1944 in Nowy Sącz) was a Polish football striker.
Veteran

A **veteran** (from the Latin word _vetus_, meaning _old_) is a person who has a long experience in something. The term is most often used to describe people who were in the armed forces, especially those who had to fight in a war.

### United Kingdom

The Royal British Legion began in 1921 after the First World War.

### United States

At the end of the American Revolution Army and Navy Officers formed the Society of the Cincinnati. After the US Civil War Veterans from the opposing sides formed their own associations:
- Union
    - Military Order of the Loyal Legion
    - Grand Army of the Republic

- Confederate:
    - United Confederate Veterans

After the Spanish-American War of 1898 Veterans formed an associations which still exists, called the Veterans of Foreign Wars. After World War I veterans formed the American Legion

There is also the:
- AMVETS - American Veterans organization, also "American Veterans of WW2 and Korea", and later Vietnam
- DAV - Disabled American Veterans organization-for veterans who were disabled by their military service
- Marine Corps League - United States Marine veterans organization
- Veterans organizations are also made up of different branches of the armed services - such as the Army; Navy, USMC or USAF or by units such as ships or divisions or regiments
Hunter Valley

The **Hunter Valley** is an area of New South Wales, Australia. The Hunter River flows through the valley. The Hunter Valley is one of the largest river valleys on the NSW coast. It is known for its wineries and coal mines. It is about  to  and less than 2 hours drive from north of Sydney, Australia. About 590,000 people live in the valley. More than half of the people live in the coastal cities of Newcastle and Lake Macquarie. There are also other towns and villages across the valley. There are 11 Local Government Areas that look after the area. These eleven LGAs are:

- Cessnock City Council
- Dungog Shire Council
- Gloucester Shire Council
- Great Lakes Council
- Lake Macquarie City Council
- Maitland City Council
- Muswellbrook Shire Council
- Newcastle City Council
- Port Stephens Council
- Singleton Shire Council
- Upper Hunter Shire Council

## References

**Notes**

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: region
- **name**: Hunter Region
- **state**: nsw
- **image**: Hunter panorama-1b-web-l.jpg
- **caption**: View across the Hunter Valley
- **image2**: Newcastle - Bulk carrier passing Nobbys.jpg
- **caption2**: The mouth of the Hunter River (New South Wales), Hunter River at
- **pushpin map caption**: The location of , the major city in the Hunter Region
- **pop**: 620530
- **area**: 29145
- **timezone**: Australian Eastern Standard Time, AEST
- **utc**: +10
- **timezone-dst**: Australian Eastern Daylight Time, AEDT
- **utc-dst**: +11
- **dist1**: 120
- **dir1**: N
- **location1**: Sydney
- **near-n**: New England (Australia), New England
- **near-ne**: Mid North Coast
- **near-e**: _Tasman Sea_
- **near-se**: _Tasman Sea_
- **near-s**: Central Coast (New South Wales), Central Coast
- **near-sw**: Central West (New South Wales), Central West
- **near-nw**: North West Slopes (New South Wales), North West Slopes
Boulogne-Billancourt

**Boulogne-Billancourt** (often called **Boulogne** or **Boulbi**) is a town in the western suburbs of Paris in France. Boulogne-Billancourt is a sub-prefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine département. It is in the Île-de-France region. Its population is around 106,000. Its land area is 6.17 km². Its population density is 17,877/km².

Boulogne-Billancourt is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. Several major communication companies headquarters are in Boulbi. The hospital Ambroise-Paré Hospital is in the city and one campus of the École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers.
Murrurundi

**Murrurundi** is a small country town in the Upper Hunter Valley of New South Wales. Murrurundi is  by road from Newcastle and  km from Sydney. In 2006 there were 2162 people (ABS 2006) living in Murrurundi. The town is circled by mountains of the Liverpool Range. It is on the Pages River, which flows into the Hunter River. The name _Murrurundi_ is from an Aboriginal word meaning "Five fingers". This is the name given to a group of rocks at the north end of the town.

## History

The first people to live in the Murrurundi area were the Australian aboriginal people, the Wanaruah and the Kamilaroi. European settlement of the area began in the 1820s. Benjamin Hall, the father of bushranger Ben Hall started a cattle farm in the area in 1839. The town was started by the New South Wales government in 1840.  In the same year, a local land owner - Thomas Haydon - started his own town called Haydonton. Benjamin Hall opened a butcher's shop in Haydonton in 1842. Ben Hall lived here until the age of 13. In 1913, the two towns were joined together to make the modern-day town of Murrurundi.

## Mining

Kerosene shale was first mined at Mount Temi,  north of Murrurundi in 1886. The mine was reopened in 1910. The shale was moved  from the mine on a rope system known as an aerial ropeway. It was then loaded onto trains at a railway built at Temple Court, just west of Murrurundi. The mine closed in the First World War.

## Sport

Every year there is a rodeo and the King of the Ranges stockman (cowboy) contest. Other sports played in the town include rugby, touch football, swimming, and cricket.

## Railway station

Murrurundi railway station is on the Main North railway line,  from Sydney. The station opened in 1872. There is a large brick station-house, a passing loop and goods yard.
There is a train to and from Sydney and Armidale/Moree every day.
Roubaix

**Roubaix** is a city in the Nord department, in the Hauts-de-France region, in north France. About 94,000 live there at about 7,119 people per square kilometer. It is near the cities Lille and Tourcoing. There is a metro and tram line between Roubaix and these places. Roubaix is near the Belgian border. The city is well known for its cycling race Paris-Roubaix which is over 259.5 km and includes almost 50 km of cobblestone sections.

## Twin towns

Roubaix is twinned with:
- Bradford, United Kingdom, since 1969
- Mönchengladbach, Germany, since 1969
- Verviers, Belgium, since 1969
- Skopje, North Macedonia, since 1973
- Prato, Italy, since 1981
- Sosnowiec, Poland, since 1993
- Covilhã, Portugal, since 2000
- Bouïra, Algeria, since 2003

## Other websites

- City council website
- Tourist office website

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Roubaix
- **population demonym**: Roubaisian (English language, en)
Roubaisien(ne) (French language, fr)
- **image**: Hôtel de ville (3).JPG
- **caption**: The city hall
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Roubaix (Nord).svg
- **city motto**: Probitas et Industria
- **arrondissement**: Lille
- **subdivisions entry**: Cantons
- **subdivisions**: 2 (Roubaix-1, Roubaix-2)
- **insee**: 59512
- **postal code**: 59100
- **mayor**: Guillaume Delbar
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **intercommunality**: European Metropolis of Lille
- **time zone**: Central European Time, CET/Central European Summer Time, CEST (UTC+1/UTC+2, +2)
- **elevation m**: 35
- **elevation min m**: 17
- **elevation max m**: 52
- **area km2**: 13.23
- **population**: 95866
- **population date**: 2013
- **website**: [http://www.ville-roubaix.fr/ www.ville-roubaix.fr]
Pau, France

**Pau** is a commune in southwestern France, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is the _prefecture_ (capital) of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department. It is also the capital of 6 _cantons_ in the department: Jurançon, Pau-Centre, Pau-Est, Pau-Nord, Pau-Ouest and Pau-Sud.

Pau is the second city of Aquitaine, after Bordeaux. Pau was also the capital of the old historical province of Béarn.

## Geography

Pau is at about  from Bordeaux and from Toulouse, on a 200 m elevation overlooking the valley of a mountain river called the Gave de Pau, and at  from the Atlantic Ocean and at  from the Pyrenees.

It has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Pau is surrounded by the _communes_ Buros, Montardon, Morlaàs, Bizanos, Idron, Gelos, Jurançon,Lons and Billère.

### Climate

The climate of Pau is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification _Cfb_), with mild winters and warm summers.

The average temperature for the year in Pau is 13.5 °C (56.3 °F). The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of 20.7 °C (69.3 °F). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 6.6 °C (43.9 °F).

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Pau is . The month with the most precipitation on average is December with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of .

## Population

With a population of 77,575, Pau has a population density of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

The inhabitants of Pau are known, in French, as _Palois_ (women: _Paloises_).

## Administration

Pau is the _prefecture_ of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department since 1796. It is also the capital of four _Cantons_:
1. Pau-1, formed with a part of Pau
1. Pau-2, formed with a part of Pau and the _commune_ Idron
1. Pau-3, formed with a part of Pau and the _communes_ of Bizanos and Mazères-Lezons
1. Pau-4, formed with a part of Pau and the _commune_ Gelos

## Twin towns

Pau is twinned with:

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Pau
- Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

## Other websites

- Ville de Pau - Official site
- General Council of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
- Prefecture official website
- Région Aquitaine
- Grand Pau

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Pau
- **commune status**: Prefectures in France, Prefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image coat of arms**: Escut de Pau.png
- **image**: Palais Beaumont.JPG
- **caption**: Palais Beaumont in Pau
- **arrondissement**: Pau
- **canton**: Chief town of 4 cantons
- **intercommunality**: Pau Pyrénées
- **mayor**: François Bayrou
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **elevation m**: 205
- **elevation min m**: 165
- **elevation max m**: 245
- **area km2**: 31.51
- **population demonym**: Palois
- **population**: 77575
- **population date**: 2013
- **insee**: 64445
- **postal code**: 64000
- **website**: [http://www.pau.fr/ www.pau.fr]
John Dunn

**John Dunn** (14 December 1846 – 19 March 1866) was an Australian bushranger. He was only 17 years old when he joined up with Ben Hall and John Gilbert and became a member of their gang.

## Early life

He was born at Murrumburrah near Yass, New South Wales. His parents were Michael Dunn and Margaret Kelly. Dunn was only a small youth and worked as a jockey. He had robbed a Chinese gold miner and been in trouble with the police.

## Ben Hall's gang

Dunn was a member of the gang when they tried to rob the mail coach near Jugiong on 16 November 1864. Gilbert shot Sergeant Parry to death during the robbery. The government already had offered reward money for the capture of the Gilbert and Hall; they now offered £500 for John Dunn.

The bushrangers spent Christmas, 1864, with Dunn's parents at Murrumburrah. After visiting Dunn's grandfather, John Kelly, near Binalong they rode to Binda on Boxing Day, 26 December. Gilbert and Dunn spent the night dancing at the Flag Hotel. Hall stood at the door and stopped people from going to get the police.

On 26 January 1865, Hall, Gilbert and  Dunn were at Collector, south of Goulburn.  While Hall and Gilbert were robbing the hotel, John Dunn stayed outside to watch for the police. Most of the police were out in the bush searching for the bushrangers. Policeman, Constable Samuel Nelson, was told the bushrangers were at the hotel. He told his wife he would "have to do his best". As he walked up to the hotel Dunn fired two shots into his face. Nelson was the father of nine children. One of the children saw the shooting. The bushrangers stole Nelson's gun, and his personal belongings and then left the town. During the next three months, the gang continued to rob from farmhouses and mail coaches.

## Outlaw

In May 1865, Hall, Gilbert, and Dunn were made "outlaws"; they could be killed by anyone at anytime. Hall was found by the police in the bush near Forbes, New South Wales and shot dead. A week later, Gilbert was shot by the police at the home of John Kelly, Dunn's grandfather, near Binalong, on 13 May. Dunn was able to escape, although he was also shot. Dunn's Grandfather had told the police where the bushrangers were so that he could get the reward money.

Dunn went into hiding near Quambone Station (a farm) but another friend told the police where he was living. Dunn was badly hurt when the police went to capture him on 26 December 1865. Even though he was hurt, he climbed out of the police station window but was soon caught again. He was taken to Sydney to be tried in court. On 19 January 1866, he was found guilty of killing Nelson and sentenced to death.  He was hanged on 19 March 1865 at the Darlinghurst Gaol. He was only 19 years old. He is buried in the old Devonshire Street cemetery in Sydney.
Asnières-sur-Seine

**Asnières-sur-Seine** is a town in France near Paris. It is in the region Île-de-France and the department Hauts-de-Seine. About 76,000 people live there. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe (its density is 17,178/km²).

## History

_Asnières-sur-Seine_ used to just be called Asnières. The name Asnières was first mentionned in 1158 as _Asnerias_, from Medieval Latin _asinaria_, meaning "donkey farm". The soil of Asnières was poor, where heather grew in Medieval times, was probably only good enough for breeding donkeys.

## Economy

Different famous companies are located in Asnières:

- L'Oréal - cosmetics
- Lucas
- Lesieur
- Louis Vuitton - luxury products
Fort-de-France

**Fort-de-France** is the capital of the French Caribbean oversees department of Martinique. It is one of the major cities in the Caribbean. Martinique exports sugar, rum, tinned fruit, and cacao from the port in Fort-de-France.

## Sister city

Fort-de-France is twinned with:
- Belém, Brazil

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Fort-de-France
- **commune status**: Capital, Prefectures of France, prefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image**: Fort-de-france-harbor.jpg
- **caption**: A view from the ship arriving from Les Trois-Îlets
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Fort-de-France (Martinique).svg
- **arrondissement**: Fort-de-France
- **adjustable map**: Fort-de-France 972.PNG
- **map size**: 210px
- **map caption**: Location of the commune (in red) within Martinique
- **time zone**: UTC-4
- **insee**: 97209
- **postal code**: 97200 and 97234 (Quartier de Balata)
- **mayor**: Didier Laguerre
- **term**: 2014–2020
- **intercommunality**: Communauté d'agglomération du Centre de la Martinique, CA Centre de la Martinique
- **elevation min m**: 0
- **elevation max m**: 1070
- **area km2**: 44.21
- **population**: 85295
- **population date**: 2013
Drake Bell

**Jared Drake Bell** (born June 27, 1986) is an American actor, and singer. Bell has released a song for Nickelodeon television series Drake & Josh named "I Found a Way".

## Life

Bell was born in Newport Beach, California in 1986. On December 29, 2005, he was badly hurt in a car accident in Los Angeles. He was in the car with a friend. and an oncoming vehicle hit Bell's car, This caused a broken neck, six dislodged teeth, a broken jaw and a deep cut across his chin. Bell had plastic surgery to fix his face.

In 2018, he married Janet Von Schmeling. They have one son, Schmeling filed for divorce in 2022.

During an interview for the 2024 documentary _Quiet on Set: The Dark Side of Kids TV_, Bell revealed that Brian Peck, an acting coach, had sexually abused him during his time acting on _The Amanda Show_. On August 19, 2003, Peck was arrested and convicted of lewd conduct with a minor.

### Acting

Bell started to act when he was 5 years old. At the age of 8, he wrote his first song. When he was 9, he played "Tyler" in the movie _Ghost_. In 1993, he started to act in _The Amanda Show_ with Amanda Bynes. He played Drake Parker on the television series _Drake & Josh_. In 2002, Bell played in the movies _Superhero!_ and _Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh_.

### Music

Bell learned to play guitar when he was 13. On August 23, 2005, he started to sell his first album, _Telegraph_. In December 2006, he started to sell his second album, _Its Only Time_. His third album was released in 2014.

### Controversies

Bell has made comments that have upset a lot of people. He made a negative comment when Caitlyn Jenner appeared on the cover of Vanity Fair.  He deleted the comment soon after he posted it but it was still seen by many readers. In an interview with Buzzfeed he made comments against stars such as Justin Bieber, Lady Gaga and Ariana Grande.  He got into still another controversy with a Justin Bieber fan wishing him death.

On June 4, 2021, Bell was arrested in Cleveland, Ohio, on charges relating to "attempted endangering [of] children and disseminating matter harmful to juveniles." Bell had sent a minor "inappropriate social media messages" for "months. On June 23, Bell pleaded guilty to both charges.  On July 12, 2021, Bell's victim made a public appearance and statement accusing him of sexually assaulting her while she was underage. Bell was sentenced to two years of probation and 200 hours of community service.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Drake Bell
- **image**: Дрейк Белл, 2024 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Bell in 2024
- **birth name**: Jared Drake Bell
- **birth place**: Newport Beach, California, United States
- **occupation**: Actor, singer, songwriter, director, guitarist
- **children**: 1
- **years active**: 1991-present
- **relatives**: Heath Bell (cousin)
- **signature**: Drake Bell signature.png
- **signature size**: 160px
Saffron

**Saffron** () is a spice made from the stigma of the flower of the saffron plant. The spice is used in cooking as a seasoning and as a food colouring. It is native to Southwest Asia. It is the world's most expensive spice, and has been for a long time.

Saffron has a bitter taste and smells like hay. This smell is caused by the chemicals picrocrocin and safranal. Saffron also contains a dye, crocin, that gives food a rich golden colour. Saffron is a part of many foods from around the world, and is also used in medicine.
TobyMac

**Kevin Michael "Toby" McKeehan** (born October 22, 1964 in Fairfax, Virginia), better known as **TobyMac**, is a well known Christian singer from the band dc Talk. The band separated in 2000 to pursue solo careers. Some of his most notable songs are "Made to Love", "Burn for You", "Boomin", "City on Our Knees", "Me Without You", and "Feel It". He has also released a live album, _Alive and Transported_.

### Studio albums

|Year|Title|Record label|Label(s)|Status|Peak Position (Billboard 200)|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|2001|align="center"|_Momentum_|align="center"|ForeFront Records|align="center"|Gold|align="center"|110|
|align="center"|2004|align="center"|_Welcome to Diverse City_|align="center"|ForeFront Records|align="center"|Gold|align="center"|54|
|align="center"|2007|align="center"|_Portable Sounds_|align="center"|ForeFront Records|align="center"|Gold|align="center"|10|
|align="center"|2010|align="center"|_Tonight_|align="center"|ForeFront Records|align="center"||align="center"|6|
|align="center"|2012|align="center"|_Eye On It_|align="center"|ForeFront Records|align="center"||align="center"|1|
|align="center"|2015|align="center"|_This Is Not A Test_|align="center"|ForeFront Records|align="center"||align="center"||

### Remix albums

|Year|Title|Record label|Label(s)|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|2003|align="center"|_Re:Mix Momentum_|align="center"|ForeFront Records|
|align="center"|2005|align="center"|_Renovating Diverse City_|align="center"|ForeFront Records|
|align="center"|2012|align="center"|_Dubbed & Freq'd: A Remix Project_|align="center"|ForeFront Records|

### Live albums

|Year|Title|Record label|Label(s)|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|2008|align="center"|_Alive and Transported_|align="center"|ForeFront Records|

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Kevin Michael "Toby" McKeehan
- **alias**: TobyMac
- **img**: Toby Mac.jpg
- **img capt**: tobyMac in 2005 at Winter Wonder Slam
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Kevin Michael McKeehan
- **birth place**: Fairfax, Virginia, United States, U.S.
- **years active**: 1987–present
- **website**: [http://www.tobymac.com/ tobyMac.com]
- **associated acts**: dcTalk, dc Talk
DC Talk

**DC Talk** (also written as **dc Talk**) is a well-known Christian rock/rap band, most famous for its song _Jesus Freak_. The band started in 1988, and was part of the rise in popularity of the contemporary Christian music genre during the 1990s. After releasing five studio albums, The band split up in 2000 to have solo careers.

## Studio albums

|rowspan="2" width="50"|Year|rowspan="2" width="230"|Album details|colspan="2"|Peak chart positions|rowspan="2"|Certifications|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|1989|align="left"|***DC Talk*** * Label: ForeFront Records|—|10|align="left"||
|align="center"|1990|align="left"|***Nu Thang*** * Label: ForeFront Records|—|5|align="left"|* RIAA: Gold|
|align="center"|1992|align="left"|***Free at Last*** * Label: ForeFront Records|—|1|align="left"|* RIAA: Platinum|
|align="center"|1995|align="left"|***Jesus Freak*** * Label: ForeFront Records/Virgin Records|16|1|align="left"|* RIAA: 2× Platinum * MC: Gold|
|align="center"|1998|align="left"|***Supernatural*** * Label: Virgin|4|1|align="left"|* RIAA: Platinum|

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: dc Talk
- **image**: Dctalk-group-picture.jpg
- **caption**: dc Talk from left to right, Michael Tait, Kevin Max, Toby McKeehan
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Lynchburg, Virginia, United States
- **genre**: Christian Hip hop
Christian Rock and roll, rock
Pop rock
R&B
- **years active**: 1988–2000
- **label**: ForeFront Records
Virgin Records
- **associated acts**: Audio Adrenaline
Newsboys
tobyMac
- **current members**: tobyMac, Toby McKeehan
Kevin Max Smith
Michael Tait
Argenteuil

**Argenteuil** is a town northwest of Paris, France. Argenteuil is a sub-prefecture of the Val-d'Oise department.

Argenteuil is the second most populated town in the suburbs of Paris (after Boulogne-Billancourt) and the most populated commune in the Val-d'Oise department; however it is not the prefecture. Its population is about 94,000 (1999).

Claude Monet painted things in Argenteuil many times.

## Social Housing

In June 2025, the demolition and reconstruction of the "Château" social housing building in the Val-Notre-Dame district is part of a vast urban renewal project.

## Twin towns

- Dessau (Germany) ;
- Clydebank (Scotland) ;
- Alessandria (Italy) ;
- Hunedoara (Romania)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Argenteuil
- **commune status**: Subprefectures in France, Subprefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image**: Basilique d'Argenteuil - chevet.jpg
- **caption**: The Basilic of Argenteuil
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Argenteuil (Val-d'Oise).svg
- **map size**: 250px
- **adjustable map**: Argenteuil_map.png
- **map caption**: Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs
- **arrondissement**: Argenteuil
- **canton**: Canton of Argenteuil-1, Argenteuil-1
 Canton of Argenteuil-2, Argenteuil-2
 Canton of Argenteuil-3, Argenteuil-3
- **insee**: 95018
- **postal code**: 95100
- **mayor**: Georges Mothron
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Métropole du Grand Paris
 Établissement public territorial Boucle Nord de Seine, EPT Boucle Nord Seine
- **elevation min m**: 21
- **elevation max m**: 167
- **area km2**: 17.22
Colombes

**Colombes** is a town in the northwest suburbs of Paris, France. Its in the region Île-de-France and the department Hauts-de-Seine. Its population is about 77,000.

## Twin town

- Frankenthal in Germany
Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis

**Montreuil** is a town in the east suburbs of Paris, France. Montreuil is near the Bois de Vincennes park in the Île-de-France region and the Seine-Saint-Denis department. About 91,000 people lived there in 1999. It is the third most populated suburb of Paris (after Boulogne-Billancourt and Argenteuil).

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Montreuil
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Montreuil (Seine-Saint-Denis).svg
- **map**: Montreuil_map.svg
- **map caption**: Paris and inner ring departments
- **arrondissement**: Bobigny
- **canton**: Canton of Montreuil-1, Montreuil-1 and Canton of Montreuil-2, 2
- **insee**: 93048
- **postal code**: 93100
- **mayor**: Patrice Bessac
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **party**: French Communist Party, PCF
- **intercommunality**: Grand Paris
- **elevation m**: 70
- **elevation min m**: 52
- **elevation max m**: 117
- **area km2**: 8.92