juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Efficiency (statistics)

In the comparison of statistical procedures, **efficiency** is a measure of an estimator's quality. This would be about the estimator of an experimental design, or of a hypothesis testing procedure.  Basically, a more efficient estimator, experiment, or test needs fewer observations than a less efficient one to get a given performance.
Method of moments (statistics)

In statistics, the **method of moments** is a method of estimation of population parameters.

## Method

Suppose that the problem is to estimate  unknown parameters  describing the distribution  of the random variable . Suppose the first  moments of the true distribution (the "population moments") can be expressed as functions of the  s:

Suppose a sample of size  is drawn, and it leads to the values . For , let
be the _j_-th sample moment, an estimate of . The method of moments estimator for   denoted by  is defined as the solution (if there is one) to the equations:

## Reasons to use it

The method of moments is simple and gets consistent estimators (under very weak assumptions). However, these estimators are often biased.
IPhone 11

The **iPhone 11** is a smartphone sold by Apple Inc.  It replaced the iPhone X that was released in 2018.  The iPhone 11 has two rear camera lenses but still has a 6.1-inch screen, like the X.  It is available in purple, white, yellow, green, black, and PRODUCT(RED) finishes, with 64 GB, 128 GB, and 256 GB storage options.  The starting price is US $699. It is the least expensive 2019 iPhone model, when compared to the iPhone 11 Pro and iPhone 11 Pro Max.

## Infobox (mobile phone)

- **name**: iPhone 11
- **brand**: Apple Inc., Apple
- **predecessor**: iPhone XR, iPhone X
- **related**: iPhone 11 Pro, iPhone 11 Pro
iPhone 11 Pro Max
- **form**: Bar
- **successor**: iPhone 12, iPhone 12
iPhone 12 mini
- **type**: Smartphone
- **display**: Liquid Retina LCD
- **storage**: 64, 128, or 256 GB
- **rear camera**: 12 MP Wide and Ultra Wide lenses
**Wide:** ƒ/2.4 aperture, 120° field of view
**Ultra Wide:** ƒ/1.8 aperture
- **front camera**: 12 MP TrueDepth camera
- **logo**: IPhone 11 wordmark.svg
- **logosize**: 250px
- **image**: IPhone 11 White.svg
- **imagesize**: 200px
FightAIDS@Home

The **FightAIDS@Home** project uses the technique of distributed computing to find a way to eradicate the HIV.

FightAIDS@Home has been running since 2002 and joined World Community Grid on 21 November 2005.

The project uses the World Community Grid distributed computing platform that uses the well-known Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing distributed computing platform.

## Other websites

- FightAIDS@Home
- World Community Grid
Andy Etchebarren

**Andrew Auguste "Andy" Etchebarren** (June 20, 1943 – October 5, 2019) was an American professional baseball player and minor league manager. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) for a total of 15 seasons for the Baltimore Orioles (1962 and 1965–75), California Angels (1975–77) and Milwaukee Brewers (1978).

Etchebarren died on October 5, 2019 in Santee, California at the age of 76.

## Infobox (baseball biography)

- **name**: Andy Etchebarren
- **image size**: 170px
- **position**: Catcher
- **bats**: Right
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Whittier, California
- **death place**: Santee, California
- **debutleague**: MLB
- **debutdate**: September 26
- **debutyear**: 1962
- **debutteam**: Baltimore Orioles
- **finalleague**: MLB
- **finaldate**: April 20
- **finalyear**: 1978
- **finalteam**: Milwaukee Brewers
- **statleague**: MLB
- **stat1label**: Batting average (baseball), Batting average
- **stat1value**: .235
- **stat2label**: Home runs
- **stat2value**: 49
- **stat3label**: Runs batted in
- **stat3value**: 309
- **teams**: * Baltimore Orioles (, –)
* California Angels (–)
* Milwaukee Brewers ()
- **highlights**: * 2× Major League Baseball All-Star Game, All-Star (1966 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1966, 1967 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, 1967)
* 2× World Series champion (, )
Santee, California

**Santee** is a suburban city in San Diego County, California, with a population of 60,037 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Santee, California
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in California, City
- **motto**: Sustainable Santee
- **image flag**: Flag of Santee, California.gif
- **image seal**: Seal of Santee, California.jpg
- **image map**: San_Diego_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Santee_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location within San Diego County
- **pushpin map**: USA California#USA
- **pushpin label**: Santee
- **pushpin label position**: top
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within California##Location within the United States
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name2**: San Diego County, California, San Diego
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: December 1, 1980
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 16.72
- **area land sq mi**: 16.54
- **area water sq mi**: 0.18
- **area total km2**: 43.30
- **area land km2**: 42.83
- **area water km2**: 0.47
- **area water percent**: 1.09
- **elevation ft**: 351
- **elevation m**: 107
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 60037
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 92071-92072
- **area code**: Area code 619, 619
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
Marcello Giordani

**Marcello Giordani** (born **Marcello Guagliardo**; 25 January 1963 – 5 October 2019) was an Italian operatic tenor.

He sang leading roles of the Italian and French repertoire in opera houses throughout Europe and the United States. He worked with the New York Metropolitan Opera, where he sang in over 240 performances from the time of his debut there in 1993. He founded the Marcello Giordani Foundation to help young opera singers.

Giordani died on 5 October 2019 in Augusta, Sicily from a heart attack at the age 56.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Marcello Giordani
- **image**: Marcello Giordani.jpg
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **caption**: Giordani as Verdi's Ernani
- **birth name**: Marcello Guagliardo
- **birth place**: Augusta, Sicily, Augusta, Sicily, Italy
- **death place**: Augusta, Sicily, Italy
Ella Vogelaar

**Catharina Pieternella "Ella" Vogelaar** (23 December 1949 – 7 October 2019) was a Dutch politician. She was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA) and trade union leader. Vogelaar was born in Steenbergen, Netherlands. She was the Minister for Housing,
 Communities and Integration from February 2007 through November 2008.

Vogelaar killed herself on 7 October 2019 in Utrecht at the age of 69.
Black, Illinois

**Black** is an unincorporated community in Edwards County, Illinois, in the United States.
Adair, Illinois

**Adair** is an unincorporated census-designated place in McDonough County, Illinois, in the United States. It had a population of 212 in 2020.
Adams Corner, Illinois

**Adams Corner** is an unincorporated community in Wabash County, Illinois.
PlayStation 5

The **PlayStation 5** (**PS5**) is the fifth home video game console made by Sony Computer Entertainment. It was released at the end of 2020. Most games from the PlayStation 4 work with it. There are two versions of the console, one with a Blu-ray optical disc drive that costs $500. The second version costs $400 and does not have the disc drive. On the version with no disc drive, games can only be bought and downloaded from the PlayStation Store.

As of 20 December 2023, over 50 million PlayStation 5 consoles have been sold.

### Streaming services

The PlayStation 5 can stream video content from Netflix, Hulu, Disney+, and other available platforms.

### Remote Play

Remote Play allows for playing games on the PlayStation 5 from a PC<nowiki/> or mobile phone.

## Infobox (information appliance)

- **name**: PlayStation 5
- **logo**: PlayStation 5 logo and wordmark.svg
- **logo size**: 175px
- **image**: PlayStation 5 and DualSense with transparent background.png
- **caption**: The base PlayStation 5 console (with optical drive) in rest mode and DualSense controller
- **aka**: PS5
- **developer**: Sony Interactive Entertainment
- **manufacturer**: Sony
- **family**: PlayStation
- **type**: Home video game console
- **generation**: Ninth generation of video game consoles, Ninth
- **lifespan**: 2020–present
- **units sold**: 50 million ()
- **units shipped**: 65.5 million ()
- **os**: PlayStation
- **soc**: S.O.C
- **cpu**: Custom 8-core Advanced Micro Devices, AMD Zen 2,
 variable frequency, up to 3.5 Hertz, GHz
- **ram**: 16 GB GDDR6 SDRAM

512 MB DDR4 RAM (for background tasks)
- **storage**: Custom 825 GB solid-state drive, SSD
- **memory card**: Internal (user upgradeable) NVMe M.2 SSD, or external USB-based hard disk drive, HDD
- **graphics**: Custom AMD RDNA 2,
 36 CUs @ variable frequency up to 2.23 Hertz, GHz
- **controllers**: DualSense, DualShock 4, PlayStation Move
- **camera**: PlayStation Camera, PS5 HD Camera
- **touchpad**: S
- **online service**: PlayStation Network
PlayStation Now (formerly; shut down in 2023)
PlayStation Plus
- **compatibility**: Almost all PlayStation 4 and PlayStation VR games
PlayStation 2 (download only, limited)
- **predecessor**: PlayStation 4
M. Stanley Whittingham

**M. Stanley Whittingham** (born 22 December 1941) is an English-American chemist.  He is currently a professor of chemistry and director of both the Institute for Materials Research and the Materials Science and Engineering program at Binghamton University, part of the State University of New York. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Stanley Whittingham
- **image**: Stanley Whittingham 2020.jpg
- **birth name**: Manly Stanley Whittingham
- **birth place**: Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom, U.K.
- **field**: Chemist
- **workplaces**: Binghamton University
- **education**: New College, Oxford
- **known for**: Lithium-ion battery
- **awards**: Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Akira Yoshino

is a Japanese chemist. He is a professor at Meijo University. He is the inventor of lithium-ion battery (LIB) often used in cellular phones and notebook computers. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Akira Yoshino
- **native name**: 吉野 彰
- **image**: Akira_Yoshino_cropped_2_Akira_Yoshino_201910.jpg
- **birth place**: Suita, Japan
- **education**: Kyoto University
Osaka University
- **awards**: IEEE Medal for Environmental and Safety Technologies
Global Energy Prize
Charles Stark Draper Prize
Japan Prize
Nobel Prize
- **fields**: Electrochemistry
- **workplaces**: Asahi Kasei
Meijo University
Cession

The act of **cession** is the transfer of property to another entity (person, country, etc.).  In international law, it commonly refers to land transferred by a treaty. It is different from annexation, where property is taken by force. Cession is voluntary or is supposed to be.

## Retrocession

**Retrocession** is to return something (e.g., land) that was ceded.

## Related pages

- Border dispute
Spring River (Missouri)

The **Spring River** is a river in southwestern Missouri, southeastern Kansas, and northeastern Oklahoma. It is

## Other websites

- Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory
Deficit spending

**Deficit spending** is when someone is spending more money than they have. In other words, it is when there is more spending than there is revenue. It is also called simply **deficit**, or **budget deficit**. The opposite of a deficit is a budget surplus. The term may be used for the budget of a government, private company, or person.

Government deficit spending is a point of controversy in economics, with important economists having different views.

## Related pages

- Keynesian economics
- Fiscal policy
- Economic deficit
Monument Rocks (Kansas)

**Monument Rocks** (also **Chalk Pyramids**) are a series of big chalk formations in Gove County, Kansas. It has many fossils. The formations were the first landmark chosen by the US Department of the Interior as a National Natural Landmark. The chalk formations reach a height of up to . It includes formations such as buttes and arches. The carbonate deposits were laid down during the Cretaceous Period in what was then the Western Interior Seaway. It split the continent of North America into two landmasses. They are estimated to have been formed 80 million years ago.

## History

On January 29, 2008, Monument Rocks, 25 miles south of Oakley, Kansas, and Castle Rock, 31 miles to the east, together were named as one of the 8 Wonders of Kansas.

## Other websites

- Monument Rocks (Chalk Pyramids)
- Monument Rocks/Rock Pyramids
- Monument Rocks
- Gove County Map , KDOT

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Monument Rocks
- **photo**: Monument Rocks.jpg
- **photo caption**: View of the Monument Rocks
- **map image**: Map of Gove Co, Ks, USA.png
- **map caption**: Map showing location of Monument Rocks
- **location**: South of Oakley, Kansas, Gove County, Kansas, Gove County, Smoky Hills, Kansas, United States
- **established**: National Natural Landmark
- **website**: [http://www.washburn.edu/cas/art/cyoho/archive/KStravel/bigrocks/pyramids.html Washburn University website]
Marija Pejčinović Burić

**Marija Pejčinović Burić** (; born 9 April 1963) is a Croatian politician. She was the 14th Minister of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia and Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia from 19 June 2017 to 19 July 2019.

On 26 June 2019, she was elected as the 14th Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Pejčinović Burić's term began on 18 September 2019.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Marija Pejčinović Burić
- **image**: Marija Pejčinović Burić - 2023 - P042303-62209 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: Secretary General of the Council of Europe
- **status**: Incumbent
- **term start**: 18 September 2019
- **predecessor**: Thorbjørn Jagland
- **office1**: Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia, First Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia
- **primeminister1**: Andrej Plenković
- **term start1**: 19 June 2017
- **term end1**: 19 July 2019
- **predecessor1**: Davor Ivo Stier
- **successor1**: Davor Božinović
- **office2**: 14th Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (Croatia), Minister of Foreign and European Affairs
- **primeminister2**: Andrej Plenković
- **term start2**: 19 June 2017
- **term end2**: 19 July 2019
- **predecessor2**: Davor Ivo Stier
- **successor2**: Gordan Grlić-Radman
- **office3**: President of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe
- **term start3**: 18 May 2018
- **term end3**: 21 November 2018
- **predecessor3**: Anders Samuelsen
- **successor3**: Timo Soini
- **birth place**: Mostar, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia
- **party**: Croatian Democratic Union
- **education**: University of Zagreb
Halle and Landsberg attack

The **2019 Halle and Landsberg attack** was a shooting incident that happened on 9 October 2019 in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Two people were killed, and two others were severely injured.

The suspect was arrested later the same day. He is 27-year-old German, Stephan Balliet from Saxony-Anhalt. Federal investigators called the attack a far-right and antisemitic crime.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: Halle and Landsberg attack
- **location**: Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Halle & Landsberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Landsberg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
- **image**: File:HalleSynagoge 01.JPG
- **target**: Synagogue and kebab stand in Halle
- **type**: Mass shooting
- **fatalities**: 2
- **injuries**: 3 (including the suspect)
- **perp**: Stephan Balliet
- **motive**: Antisemitism and right-wing extremism
- **weapons**: * Homemade slam-fire shotgun,
* Homemade submachine gun,
* Improvised explosives
2019 Ecuadorian protests

The **2019 Ecuadorian protests** are an ongoing series of protests and riots against the end of fuel subsidies and austerity measures by President of Ecuador Lenín Moreno and his administration.

The protests began on 3 October 2019, as taxi, bus and truck drivers came out in protest against the planned fuel subsidy abolition. Indigenous peoples groups joined the protests shortly thereafter, along with university students and labour unions. The protesters declared their plan to hold an indefinite general strike, which would last until the government overturned its decision.

President Moreno declared a state of emergency on October 4, 2019, amid nationwide protests against a hike in fuel prices. The protests had weakened the country's transport network with all major roads and bridges blocked in the capital Quito.

Shortly thereafter, President Lenín Moreno refused to discuss a potential reversal of the fuel plans and called protesting crowds as "criminals".

On 8 October 2019, President Moreno said his government had relocated to the coastal city of Guayaquil after anti-government protesters had overrun the capital Quito. On the same day, President Moreno accused his predecessor Rafael Correa of creating a coup against the government with the help of Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro, a charge which Correa denied.

During the late-night hours of 13 October, the Ecuadorian government and CONAIE reached an agreement during a televised negotiation. Both parties agreed to collaborate on new economic measures to combat overspending and debt. The austerity measures were reversed.

## Infobox (civil conflict)

- **title**: 2019 Ecuadorian protests
- **partof**: the Anti-austerity movement, global anti-austerity movement
- **image**: 2019 Ecuadorian protests - 9 October clashes.jpg
- **date**: 3 October 2019 – 13 October 2019
- **place**: Ecuador
- **causes**: Austerity, Austerity measures
 Neoliberalism, Neoliberal economic policies
- **goals**: * Return of fuel subsidies
* End of Austerity, Austerity measures
* Resignation of President Lenin Moreno
- **methods**: Demonstration (political), Protest marches, picketing, Strike action, strikes, civil disobedience, Riot, riots
- **result**: Austerity measures reversed
- **side1**: **Lenín Moreno Administration**
* Armed Forces of Ecuador
* National Police of Ecuador
* PAIS Alliance, Proud and Sovereign Homeland Party
- **side2**: **Moreno opponents**
* Frente Unitario de los Trabajadores, National Confederation of Trade Unions
* Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador
* Taxi, bus and truck drivers and unions
* University Students
- **leadfigures1**: **Lenín Moreno Administration**
* President Lenín Moreno
- **leadfigures2**: Rafael Correa
- **injuries**: Two dozen police officers injured
- **detentions**: 570 (Oct 8)
John M. Kosterlitz

**John Michael Kosterlitz** (born June 22, 1943) is a British-American physicist. He is a professor of physics at Brown University and the son of biochemist Hans Kosterlitz. He was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics along with David Thouless and Duncan Haldane for work on condensed matter physics.

Kosterlitz was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1978.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **birth name**: John Michael Kosterlitz
- **name**: Michael Kosterlitz
- **image**: Jkosterl.jpg
- **birth place**: Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- **citizenship**: United States
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **fields**: Condensed matter physics
- **thesis url**: https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711269
- **thesis title**: Problems in strong interaction physics
- **thesis year**: 1969
- **known for**: Kosterlitz–Thouless transition
- **academic advisors**: David Thouless (postdoc)
- **work institution**: Brown University
University of Birmingham
Crassier

**Crassier** is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Crassier
- **municipality name**: Crassier
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Crassier COA.svg
- **image photo**: Gare de crassier 2.JPG
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Crassier.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Nyon (district), Nyon
- **postal code**: 1263
- **municipality code**: 5714
- **area**: 2.03
- **elevation**: 475
- **population**: 1026
- **populationof**: 2005
- **website**: www.crassier.ch
- **mayor**: Serge Melly
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **demonym**: Les Crassiérans
- **neighboring municipalities**: Arnex-sur-Nyon, Bogis-Bossey, Borex, Céligny (GE), Chéserex, Crans-près-Céligny, Divonne-les-Bains (FR-01), La Rippe
Messier 52

**Messier 52** or **M52** is also known as **NGC 7654**. It is an open cluster of stars in the northern constellation of Cassiopeia. It was discovered by Charles Messier on September 7, 1774. M52 can be seen from Earth with binoculars.
Messier 38

**Messier 38** or **M38**, also known as **NGC 1912**, is an open cluster of stars in the constellation of Auriga. It is about  away from Earth.
Drummond (provincial electoral district)

**Drummond** was an electoral district in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada, which elected members to the National Assembly of Quebec. Its last election had most of the city of Drummondville and all of Saint-Edmond-de-Grantham, Saint-Eugène, Saint-Germain-de-Grantham and Saint-Majorique-de-Grantham.
Olga Tokarczuk

**Olga Nawoja Tokarczuk** (; born 29 January 1962) is a Polish writer and activist.

In 2018, she won the Man Booker International Prize for her novel _Flights_, becoming the first Polish writer to do so. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for the year 2018 (awarded in 2019).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Olga Tokarczuk
- **image**: Olga Tokarczuk (2018).jpg
- **caption**: Olga Tokarczuk, 2018
- **birth place**: Sulechów, Poland
- **nationality**: Polish people, Polish
- **occupation**: Writer, essayist, poet, screenwriter, psychologist
- **notable works**: _Flights (novel), Flights_
_The Books of Jacob_
_Primeval and Other Times_
- **awards**: Nike Award (2008, 2015)
Vilenica Prize (2013)
Brückepreis (2015)
 The Man Booker International Prize (2018)
 Jan Michalski Prize, Jan Michalski Prize for Literature (2018)
Nobel Prize in Literature (2018)
Prix Laure Bataillon (2019)
Dully

**Dully** is a municipality in the district Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Dully
- **image photo**: Dully château.jpg
- **municipality name**: Dully
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Dully COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Dully.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Nyon (district), Nyon
- **postal code**: 1195
- **municipality code**: 5855
- **area**: 1.66
- **elevation**: 420
- **population**: 454
- **populationof**: 2004
- **website**: www.dully.ch
- **mayor**: Frédéric Mani
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **places**: Dully, Saint-Bonnet
- **demonym**: Les Perchettes
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bursins, Bursinel, Gland (city), Gland, Luins
Mikhail Biryukov (tennis)

**Mikhail Sergeyevich Biryukov** (; 28 April 1992 – 4 October 2019) was a Russian junior tennis player. His highest ATP singles ranking was 292. After his retirement from professional tennis at age 22, he was a coach of under 16 player Alexey Zakharov. He was the son of four-time World Champion in modern pentathlon, Irina Kiseleva. He won the silver medal in the inaugural Youth Olympic Games held in Singapore.

On 4 October 2019, Biryukov was found dead in Moscow at the age of 27.
Yevgeny Bushmin

**Yevgeny Viktorovich Bushmin** (, 4 October 1958 – 6 October 2019) was a Russian politician. He was a Deputy of the 1st State Duma and Deputy Finance Minister. He was the member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly as the representative of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast.

Bushmin died on 6 October 2019, two days after his 61st birthday, after a long-illness.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Bushmin E.jpg
- **office**: List of Deputy Chairmen of the Federation Council of Russia, Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council (Russia), Federation Council of the Federal Assembly (Russia), Federal Assembly
- **term start**: 27 April 2013
- **term end**: 6 October 2019
- **office1**: Member of the Federation Council (Russia), Federation Council of the Federal Assembly (Russia), Federal Assembly – representative of Rostov Oblast
- **term start1**: 21 September 2005
- **term end1**: 6 October 2019
- **predecessor1**: Sergey Anokhin (politician), Sergey Anokhin
- **office2**: Member of the Federation Council (Russia), Federation Council of the Federal Assembly (Russia), Federal Assembly – representative of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
- **term start2**: 20 November 2001
- **term end2**: July 2005
- **predecessor2**: Ivan Petrovich Sklyarov, Ivan Sklyarov
- **successor2**: Aleksandr Podlesov
- **office3**: Deputy Ministry of Finance (Russia), Finance Minister
- **term start3**: 26 June 1998
- **term end3**: 5 December 2001
- **office4**: Deputy of the 1st State Duma
- **term start4**: 1994
- **term end4**: 1996
- **birth place**: Lopatino, Sergachsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Lopatino, Sergachsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Gorky Oblast
- **alma mater**: N. I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Lobachevsky State University of Gorky
- **party**: United Russia
- **awards**: Order of Alexander Nevsky
Order of Honour (Russia), Order of Honour
Medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" Second Class
Medal "For the Return of Crimea"
Ugo Colombo

**Ugo Colombo** (22 February 1940 – 10 October 2019) was an Italian racing cyclist. He rode the Giro d'Italia in 1964–1974 with Filotex, with the best result of third place in 1971, and the Tour de France in 1966–1968, placing tenth in 1968.

Colombo died on 10 October 2019 at the age of 79.

## Infobox (cyclist)

- **name**: Ugo Colombo
- **image**: Ugo Colombo c1969.jpg
- **caption**: Ugo Colombo c. 1969
- **fullname**: Ugo Colombo
- **birth place**: San Giorgio su Legnano, Milan, Italy
- **discipline**: Road bicycle racing, Road
- **role**: Rider
- **proyears1**: 1964
- **proteam1**: Springoil-Fuchs
- **proyears2**: 1965–1974
- **proteam2**: Filotex (cycling team), Filotex
- **show-medals**: yes
Andrés Gimeno

**Andrés Gimeno Tolaguera** (3 August 1937 – 9 October 2019) was a Spanish tennis player. In 1972, when he won the French Open and he was the oldest first-time grand slam champion of the open era at 34 years of age.

Gimeno died of cancer, on 9 October 2019, at the age of 82.

## Infobox (tennis biography)

- **name**: Andrés Gimeno
- **image**: Internationale Tenniskampioenschappen Melkhuisje, Andres Gimeno in aktie, Bestanddeelnr 926-5506.jpg
- **residence**: Barcelona, Spain
- **birth place**: Barcelona, Spain
- **turnedpro**: 1960
- **retired**: 1974
- **plays**: Right-handed (one-handed backhand)
- **tennishofyear**: 2009
- **tennishofid**: andres-gimeno
- **singlesrecord**: 787-473 (62.4%)
- **singlestitles**: 41
- **highestsinglesranking**: No. 6 (1961, L'Équipe)
- **australianopenresult**: F (1969 Australian Open – Men's Singles, 1969)
- **frenchopenresult**: **W** (1972 French Open – Men's Singles, 1972)
- **wimbledonresult**: SF (1970 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles, 1970)
- **usopenresult**: 4R (1969 US Open – Men's Singles, 1969, 1972 US Open – Men's Singles, 1972)
- **othertournaments**: yes
- **masterscupresult**: RR (1972 Commercial Union Assurance Masters – Singles, 1972)
- **promajors**: yes
- **usproresult**: F (U.S. Pro Tennis Championships draws, 1946–1967#1967, 1967)
- **wembleyproresult**: F (Wembley Championship#1965, 1965)
- **frenchproresult**: F (French Pro Championship#1962, 1962, French Pro Championship#1967, 1967)
- **doublesrecord**: 94–60
- **doublestitles**: 3
- **frenchopendoublesresult**: F (1960)
- **wimbledondoublesresult**: QF (1959 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Doubles, 1959)
- **usopendoublesresult**: F (1968)
Jan Szyszko

(19 April 1944 – 9 October 2019) was a Polish forester, educator and politician. He was Minister of Environment from 1997 through 1999, from 2005 through 2007 and again from 2015 through 2018. Szyszko was born in Warsaw. He was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005.

Szyszko died on 9 October 2019 in Warsaw of a heart attack at the age of 75.

## Other websites

- Jan Szyszko – parliamentary page  – includes declarations of interest, voting record, and transcripts of speeches.
Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof

**Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof** (born **Ludwik Krzysztof Zamenhof**, 23 January 1925 – 9 October 2019) was a Polish-French civil and marine engineer of Jewish descent. He worked in the design of structural steel and concrete construction. Zaleski-Zamenhof wrote a foreword to _L'homme qui a défié Babel_ ("The man who defied Babel", 2003), a French-language biography, by René Centassi and Henri Masson, of the originator of Esperanto.

## Writings

J. P. Bonin, G. Deleuil and L. C. Zaleski-Zamenhof. "Foundation analysis of marine gravity structures submitted to cyclic loading." Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas (1976). pp. 571–579

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof
- **image**: Uk2003-08-02-zamenhof-boulton.jpg
- **caption**: Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof and Marjorie Boulton, another prominent Esperantist (2003).
- **birth name**: Ludwik Zamenhof
- **birth place**: Warsaw, Poland
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **father**: Adam Zamenhof
- **mother**: Wanda Zamenhof
- **relatives**: Zofia Zamenhof (aunt)
Lidia Zamenhof
L. L. Zamenhof (grandfather)
- **nationality**: Poland, Polish, France, French
Tony Hoar

**Tony Hoar** (10 February 1932 – 5 October 2019) was a British racing cyclist. He represented England in the road race at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver, Canada.

He finished in last place in the 1955 Tour de France.

Hoar died on 5 October 2019 of cancer at the age of 87.

## Infobox (cyclist)

- **name**: Tony Hoar
- **image**: Tony Hoar (1955).jpg
- **caption**: Tony Hoar (1955)
- **fullname**: Tony Hoar
- **birth place**: Emsworth, Hampshire, England
- **discipline**: Road
- **role**: Rider
- **proyears1**: 1955
- **proteam1**: Hercules Cycles
- **proyears2**: 1956
- **proteam2**: Cilo - Saint-Raphaël
Blaine Lindgren

**Harold Blaine Lindgren** (June 26, 1939 – October 5, 2019) was an American sprinter. He competed mainly in the 110 m hurdles. He won this event at the 1963 Pan American Games. He won a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Lindgren died on October 5, 2019 in Salt Lake City, Utah at the age of 80.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **image**: Blaine Lindgren 1964.jpg
- **caption**: Lindgren at the 1964 Olympics
- **fullname**: Harold Blaine Lindgren
- **birth place**: Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
- **death place**: Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
- **sport**: Athletics
- **event**: 110 m hurdles
- **pb**: 13.5 (1963)
- **club**: Salt Lake City Recreation Department
- **show-medals**: yes
Rolle

**Rolle** is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It was the capital of the district of Rolle until 2006, when it became part of the district of Nyon. It is on the northwestern shore of Lake Geneva (_Lac Léman_) between Nyon and Lausanne. Rolle is about  northeast of Geneva (Genève) in the La Côte wine-growing region, and has views of the high Alps. It has a population () of .

## Other websites

- Rolle - Official website
- Rolle Office of Tourism
- Information and views on the main street in Rolle

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Rolle
- **municipality name**: Rolle
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Rolle COA.svg
- **imagepath flag**: CHE Rolle Flag.svg
- **image photo**: Rolle Castle.jpg
- **image caption**: Castle of Rolle
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Rolle.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Nyon (district), Nyon
- **postal code**: 1180
- **municipality code**: 5861
- **area**: 2.72
- **elevation**: 376
- **population**: 4901
- **populationof**: 2006
- **website**: www.rolle.ch
- **mayor**: Denys Jaquet
- **mayor asof**: SP
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **demonym**: Les Rollois
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bursinel, Essertines-sur-Rolle, Gilly, Switzerland, Gilly, Mont-sur-Rolle, Perroy, Switzerland, Perroy, Tartegnin, Lake Geneva
- **twintowns**: Wallisellen (Switzerland)
Essertines-sur-Rolle

**Essertines-sur-Rolle** is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Essertines-sur-Rolle
- **municipality name**: Essertines-sur-Rolle
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Essertines-sur-Rolle COA.svg
- **image photo**: Mont le Vieux 02.jpeg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Essertines-sur-Rolle.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Nyon (district), Nyon
- **postal code**: 1186
- **municipality code**: 5856
- **area**: 6.92
- **elevation**: 727
- **population**: 532
- **populationof**: 2004
- **website**: www.essertines-sur-rolle.ch
- **mayor**: Samuel Dufour
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **places**: Bugnaux, Châtel-sur-Rolle
- **demonym**: Les Essertinois
Les Croque-lendines
- **neighboring municipalities**: Saint-Oyens, Gimel, Switzerland, Gimel, Pizy, Bougy-Villars, Mont-sur-Rolle, Tartegnin, Gilly, Switzerland, Gilly, Burtigny
Eysins

**Eysins** is a municipality in Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Eysins
- **image photo**: Eysins-aerial-4.jpg
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Eysins
- **municipality name**: Eysins
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Eysins COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Eysins.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Nyon (district), Nyon
- **postal code**: 1262
- **municipality code**: 5716
- **area**: 2.38
- **elevation**: 438
- **population**: 836
- **populationof**: 2003
- **website**: www.eysins.ch
- **mayor**: Georges Rochat
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **demonym**: Les Eysinois
- **neighboring municipalities**: Arnex-sur-Nyon, Borex, Crans-près-Céligny, Nyon, Signy-Avenex
Founex

**Founex** is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Founex
- **image photo**: Charles Humbert - À Founex (1871).jpg
- **municipality name**: Founex
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Founex COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Founex.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Nyon (district), Nyon
- **postal code**: 1297
- **municipality code**: 5717
- **area**: 4.79
- **elevation**: 399
- **population**: 2559
- **populationof**: 2004
- **website**: www.founex.ch
- **mayor**: François Debluë
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **places**: Chataigneriaz, Les Neyruaz
- **demonym**: Les Founachus
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bogis-Bossey, Céligny (GE), Coppet, Commugny, Chavannes-de-Bogis
Matteson, Illinois

**Matteson**  is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States and southern suburb of Chicago. The population was 19,073 at the 2020 census.
Westchester, Illinois

**Westchester** is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is a western suburb of Chicago. The population was 16,892 at the 2020 census.
Worth, Illinois

**Worth** is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is a suburb of Chicago. The population was 10,970 at the 2020 census.

## Other websites

- Village of Worth - Official website
Genolier

**Genolier** is a municipality in the district Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Genolier
- **municipality name**: Genolier
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Genolier COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Genolier.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Nyon (district), Nyon
- **postal code**: 1272
- **municipality code**: 5718
- **area**: 4.9
- **elevation**: 547
- **population**: 1698
- **populationof**: 2008
- **website**: www.genolier.ch
- **mayor**: Florence Rattaz
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **neighboring municipalities**: Arzier, Coinsins, Duillier, Givrins, Vich, Switzerland, Vich
- **image photo**: Genolier.jpg
Gilly

**Gilly** is a municipality in the district Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Gilly
- **municipality name**: Gilly
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **image photo**: Swiss-Gilly-village.jpg
- **image caption**: Gilly village
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Gilly COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Gilly.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Nyon (district), Nyon
- **postal code**: 1182
- **municipality code**: 5857
- **area**: 7.78
- **elevation**: 484
- **population**: 863
- **populationof**: 2003
- **website**: www.gilly.ch
- **mayor**: Denis Dumartheray
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bursinel, Bursins, Burtigny, Essertines-sur-Rolle, Rolle, Tartegnin
Gingins

**Gingins** is a municipality in the district Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Gingins
- **image photo**: Gingins Croix blanche.JPG
- **municipality name**: Gingins
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Gingins COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Gingins.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Nyon (district), Nyon
- **postal code**: 1276
- **municipality code**: 5719
- **area**: 12.58
- **elevation**: 542
- **population**: 1008
- **populationof**: 2003
- **website**: www.gingins.ch
- **mayor**: Claude Hibbert Pirl
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **demonym**: Les Ginginois
- **neighboring municipalities**: Chéserex, Grens, La Rippe, Prémanon (FR-39), Saint-Cergue, Trélex
Bo Horvat

**Bo Horvat** (born April 5, 1995) is an ice hockey player for the New York Islanders. He played for the Canucks 2014-2023.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Bo Horvat
- **image**: Bo_Horvat_02-2015a.JPG
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Horvat with the Canucks in 2015
- **birth place**: London, Ontario, Canada
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 215
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Left
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **team**: Vancouver Canucks
- **ntl team**: Canada
- **draft**: 9th overall
- **draft year**: 2013
- **draft team**: Vancouver Canucks
- **career start**: 2014
Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)

The **Treaty of Fontainebleau** was a secret agreement in 1762. In this treaty, France ceded Louisiana to Spain. The treaty happened shortly after the last battle in the French and Indian War in North America. This battle was the Battle of Signal Hill, and it happened in September 1762. This battle strengthened British control of Canada. In Europe, the related Seven Years' War continued. Because France already lost Canada, King Louis XV of France proposed to King Charles III of Spain that France should give Spain "the country known as Louisiana, as well as New Orleans and the island in which the city is at." Louis proposed the cession on November 13 and Charles accepted on November 23, 1762.
Givrins

**Givrins** is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Givrins
- **municipality name**: Givrins
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Givrins COA.svg
- **image photo**: Givrins.jpg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Givrins.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Vaud
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VD
- **district**: Nyon (district), Nyon
- **postal code**: 1271
- **municipality code**: 5720
- **area**: 3.97
- **elevation**: 546
- **population**: 840
- **populationof**: 2003
- **website**: www.givrins.ch
- **mayor title**: Syndic
- **neighboring municipalities**: Arzier, Duillier, Genolier, Saint-Cergue, Trélex
Alsey, Illinois

**Alsey** is a village in Illinois in the United States. It was originally called Smithfield.
Black Hills Corporation

**Black Hills Corporation** is an energy company that is an electric and gas utility in South Dakota and Wyoming. They sell power throughout the American West. They are in Rapid City, South Dakota.

It gets its name from its home in the Black Hills of South Dakota.

## Other websites

- blackhillscorp.com

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Black Hills Corporation
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **genre**: Energy Company
- **foundation**: 1941
- **founder**: J. B. French
- **location city**: Rapid City, South Dakota
- **location country**: United States
- **key people**: David R. Emery (Chairman, President, CEO)
- **revenue**: United States Dollar, US$1.31B <small>(_FY 2010_)</small>
- **operating income**: United States Dollar, US$186M <small>(_FY 2010_)</small>
- **net income**: United States Dollar, US$68.7M <small>(_FY 2010_)</small>
- **assets**: United States Dollar, US$3.71B <small>(_FY 2010_)</small>
- **equity**: United States Dollar, US$1.10B <small>(_FY 2010_)</small>
- **subsid**: Black Hills Power
Cheyenne Light, Fuel & Power
Black Hills Energy
Wyodak Resource
BH Exploration and Production
Enserco Energy
- **homepage**: [http://blackhillscorp.com/  blackhillscorp.com]
Exede

**Exede Internet** was launched in 2012 through ViaSat. It provides broadband internet to the United States. Exede service is powered by the ViaSat-1 satellite. ViaSat-1 earned the Guinness World Record title for the highest-capacity communications satellite. The Exede service currently serves 687,000 customers in the U.S.

## History

Launched in 2012, **Exede Internet** is a broadband internet service that covers areas traditional internet service providers do not reach. In 2013, Exede introduced **Exede Voice** home service as a companion to the data service.

Exede also offers **Exede Business**. It launched in 2014. It also offers **Exede Enterprise** for live events, field operations, and disaster response.

## Infobox (product)

- **title**: Exede Internet
- **image**: File:Ex Internet Logo main-3d-LG.png
- **launch year**: 2012
- **current supplier**: ViaSat
Hughes Network Systems

**Hughes Communications** is a subsidiary of EchoStar. It is headquartered in Germantown, Maryland. It provides a high-speed satellite internet service. That service is called HughesNet. It is the biggest service of its kind because it has more than 1.3 million subscribers in the Americas.

### HughesNet

In 1996, Hughes created a satellite Internet service for people and small businesses. The service was called DirecPC. It was renamed to Direcway in May 2002. In 2012, with Hughes' first offering of broadband satellite Internet, it was renamed HughesNet.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Hughes Communications, Inc.
- **logo**: Hughes Communications logo.svg
- **logo size**: 250px
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **foundation**: (Digital Communications Corp)
- **location**: Germantown, Maryland, Germantown, Maryland, United States, U.S.
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **key people**: Pradman Kaul
<small>(Chairman, President (corporate title), President and Chief executive officer, CEO)</small>
- **brands**: https://www.hughesnet.com
- **services**: Global communications
- **industry**: Satellite networks and services
- **revenue**: $1.39 billion (2016)
- **num employees**: 4,000 (2016)
- **parent**: EchoStar
- **homepage**: [http://www.hughes.com/ Hughes.com]
Gitanas Nausėda

**Gitanas Nausėda** (born 19 May 1964) is a Lithuanian politician and economist. He is the 9th and current President of Lithuania since July 2019. He is an Independent politician, which means that he is not associated with any political party.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Gitanas Nausėda
- **image**: Gitanas Nauseda (cropped).png
- **office**: List of rulers of Lithuania, 9th President  of Lithuania
- **primeminister**: Saulius Skvernelis
Ingrida Šimonytė
Gintautas Paluckas
Rimantas Šadžius (acting)
Inga Ruginienė
- **term start**: 12 July 2019
- **predecessor**: Dalia Grybauskaitė
- **birth place**: Klaipėda, Lithuanian SSR, Soviet Union
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **spouse**: Diana Nausėdienė
- **education**: 1987 m. Vilnius University
- **net worth**: United States dollar, US$0.4 million
- **signature**: Gitanas Nauseda Signature.svg
Electric utility

An **electric utility** is a company in the electric power industry (often a public utility). This kind of company does electricity generation and distribution of electricity for sale generally in a regulated market. The electrical utility industry is a major provider of energy in most countries.

Electric utilities are facing increasing demands  including aging infrastructure, reliability, and regulation.
Enrique Moreno

**Enrique Moreno** (December 28, 1955 – October 10, 2019) was a Mexican-American attorney. His career was based in El Paso, Texas. Moreno was once a federal judicial nominee to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit by President Bill Clinton in 1999. The Republican controlled United States Senate denied to approved his nomination twice.

## Early life

Moreno was born in Chihuahua, Mexico and the son of a carpenter and a seamstress, Moreno earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1978 and a law degree from Harvard Law School in 1981.

## Career

Moreno began his career as a personal injury and product liability attorney in 1981 in El Paso, Texas. He has worked for four different law firms in his career. He has been the practitioner of the Law Offices of Enrique Moreno since 1999.

Moreno won several large judgments in his legal career. In August 2001, Moreno was one of five lawyers to win a $55,515,000 judgment for an El Paso man against Kelly-Moore Paints for placing asbestos-containing fibers in a joint compound product that caused pleural mesothelioma in a patient.

On April 12, 2006, Moreno won a $27.5 million judgment for an Iran-born American citizen against Southwest Airlines in a landmark racial profiling case after Southwest's flight attendants had her arrested after she had complained about poor service on the airline.

## Death

Moreno died of cancer-related problems in El Paso on October 10, 2019 at the age of 63.
The Paris Review

***The Paris Review*** is an English-language literary magazine. It started in Paris in 1953. It is published four times a year. by Harold L. Humes, Peter Matthiessen, and George Plimpton. In its first five years, _The Paris Review_ published works by Jack Kerouac, Philip Larkin, V. S. Naipaul, Philip Roth, Terry Southern, Adrienne Rich, Italo Calvino, Samuel Beckett, Nadine Gordimer, Jean Genet, and Robert Bly.

## Infobox (magazine)

- **title**: The Paris Review
- **image size**: 171px
- **image caption**: _The Paris Review_, Issue 1
- **frequency**: Quarterly
- **language**: English
- **category**: Art, culture, interviews, literature
- **company**: The Paris Review Foundation
- **editor**: Emily Nemens
- **editor title**: Editor
- **firstdate**: Spring (season), Spring 1953
- **country**: United States
- **based**: New York City (since 1973)
- **website**: [http://www.theparisreview.org/ www.theparisreview.org]
- **issn**: 0031-2037