juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Cruella de Vil

**Cruella De Vil** (obviously a play on _cruel_ and _devil_) is the villain in the Dodie Smith book The Hundred and One Dalmatians who kidnaps (dognaps) the puppies for their fur.  She is described as having one half of her hair white and the other half black, an extreme fondness for pepper and a preference for elevated temperatures.

In the 1961 Disney animated movie her voice was played by Betty Lou Gerson. The movie featured a song about her sung by Roger whose lyrics begin:

- _Cruella De Vil, Cruella De Vil, If she doesn't scare you, no evil thing will._

Later, in the 1996 live-action remake, and its 2000 sequel, _102 Dalmatians_, she was played by Glenn Close. In the 2021 Disney movie _Cruella_, the character is played by American actress Emma Stone. Shortly afterward, Cruella was a regular villain in _101 Dalmatians: The Series_, where she was voiced by April Winchell. This time, though, she wanted to steal the Dearly Farm, seeing how killing animals for fashion was deemed politically incorrect. However, she returned to hunting dogs in _House of Mouse_ (which features an ongoing joke in which she inspects dogs from other Disney movies with a measuring ruler) and _101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure_, both of which had Susanne Blakeslee as her voice.

## Infobox (character)

- **colour**: #F3E0AE
- **name**: Cruella de Vil
- **caption**: Cruella de Vil as she appears in Disney's _101 Dalmatians (1996 film), 101 Dalmatians_.
- **first**: _The Hundred and One Dalmatians_ (1956)
- **creator**: Dodie Smith
- **lbl1**: Based on
- **data1**: Cruella de Vil from Dodie Smith's The Hundred and One Dalmatians, 1956 novel
- **nickname**: Ella de Vil
- **occupation**: Socialite, fashion magnate
- **affiliation**: List of Disney villains, Disney villains
- **title**: Devil woman
- **spouse**: Unnamed husband
- **children**: Carlos de Vil (Descendants)
- **nationality**: English people, English
101 Dalmatians (1996 movie)

***101 Dalmatians*** is a movie made by The Walt Disney Company in 1996. It is a remake of the 1961 animated movie _101 Dalmatians_ (which was based on Dodie Smith's 1956 novel _The 00 and 1 Dalmatians_). The movie's main actor is Glenn Close as Cruella de Vil. Unlike in the earlier versions of the story, the dalmatians are played by real dalmatian actors, and none of the dalmatians talk. A sequel, _102 Dalmatians_, was made in 2000 and was released in November. This movie is called simply _101_ in Japan, like its sequel, which is called _102_.

## Cast

- Glenn Close as Cruella de Vil
- Jeff Daniels as Roger Dearly
- Joely Richardson as Anita Campbell-Green-Dearly
- Joan Plowright as Nanny
- Hugh Laurie as Jasper
- Mark Williams as Horace
- John Shrapnel as Skinner
- Tom Juddy as Pongo (speaking)
- Julie Moorthie as Perdita (speaking)
- Billy Neltane as Lucky
- Michael Bantel as Kipper
- Craig DeSeve as Sergeant Tibbs
- Giselle Neith as Cow
- Henry Banvali as Pig
- Phil LaHerr as The Captain
- Tim Jarry and Bob Maltz as 2 Goat
- Mike Walker as Raccoon
- J. Nee as Horse
- Elsa DeHeper as Skunk
- Noah Judas as Bird
- Henry Oldman as Dog
- Nina DeSeve as 2 Cow
- Kiara Gimmy as Sheep
- Diego Clancy as Fidget

## Release

_101 Dalmatians_ was released on VHS on April 15, 1997 and as a DVD on December 12, 2000. Because many people bought the DVD, Disney re-released the film on September 16, 2008 in the United States.

## Box office

The movie made lots of money when it was in movie theatres, earning $136,189,294 in the United States and $184,500,000 in other places, bringing its worldwide total to $320,689,294.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: 101 Dalmatians
- **director**: Stephen Herek
- **screenplay**: John Hughes (filmmaker), John Hughes
- **cinematography**: Adrian Biddle
- **editing**: Trudy Ship
- **music**: Michael Kamen
- **distributor**: Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
- **runtime**: 103 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: American English
- **budget**: $67 million
- **gross**: $320.7 million
African wildcat

The **African wildcats** (_Felis silvestris lybica_) are small, fierce cats that live in forests, grasslands, and brush lands in Africa and the Middle East. They are the closest living relatives of the domestic cat.

It is a wildcat subspecies which occurs across northern Africa and extends around the edges of the Arabian Peninsula to the Caspian Sea. It is the most common and widely distributed wild cat, and is listed as _Least Concern_ by IUCN since 2002.

The African wildcat appears to have diverged from the other subspecies about 131,000 years ago. Some individual African wildcats were first domesticated about 10,000 years ago in the Middle East, and are the ancestors of the domestic cat. Remains of domesticated cats were found in human burials in Cyprus, done by Neolithic farmers about 9,500 years ago. Hybrids between domestic cats and African wildcats are still common today.

## Description

African wildcats are generally crepuscular, hunting at dawn and dusk. They are diurnal (most active during the day) in very cold weather. They are very good climbers. African Wildcats live for 12 to 15 years. They are about 50 percent larger than domesticated (tame) cats.

## Diet

African wildcats are carnivores, like all cats. These fast, solitary hunters eat small to medium-sized mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs, invertebrates, and eggs.
Gale

A **gale** is a very strong wind. The Beaufort scale is a way to measure weather conditions. It is based on observations. The first level of the scale that uses the word gale is 7 beaufort (of a total of 13 steps). There are other definitions as well. The U.S. Government's National Weather Service defines a gale as 34 to 47 knots (63 km/h to 87 km/h or 39 miles per hour to 54 miles per hour) of sustained surface winds. Forecasters usually issue gale warnings when they think there will be winds of this strength.

Other sources use speeds as low as  and as high as . The  definition is rare. A common alternative definition of the maximum is .

## Related pages

- Beaufort scale
Marin Marais

**Marin Marais** (31 May 1656, Paris – 15 August 1728, Paris) was a French composer and viol player. He is regarded as one of the great French musicians of the Baroque.

Marais, the son of a poor shoe maker, was educated in a choir school were he was taught to play the viol. He then learnt from Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe, a famous bass viol player. In six months he was said to be better than his teacher. In 1675, aged 19, he joined the orchestra of the Paris Opera. This was where he met Jean-Baptiste Lully, who was the director of the Opera. Lully taught him to compose music. Marais often conducted the operas Lully had written.

Marais was hired as a musician in 1676 to play at the royal court of Versailles. He did quite well as court musician. In 1679 he was appointed "ordinaire de la chambre du roy pour la viole", a title he kept until 1725.

He was a master of the basse de viol. He wrote a lot of music for that instrument, he was the most important French composer for it. He wrote five books of _Pièces de viole_ (1686-1725). Most of the pieces in the book are suites with basso continuo. These were quite popular in the court, and for these he was remembered in later years as he who "founded and firmly established the empire of the viol" (Hubert Le Blanc, 1740). His other works include a book of _Pièces en trio_ (1692) and four operas (1693-1709). _Alcyone_ (1706) is well known for its storm scene. Marais became the conductor of the Paris Opera in 1706, but after the failure of his 1709 opera, _Sémélé_ he gradually withdrew from public life. He married Catherine d'Amicourt, on 21 September 1676. They had 19 children together. Two of the children, Vincent Marais and Roland Marais also became famous musicians, as well as his grandson, Nicolas Marais.

Titon du Tillet wrote about Marais in his book _Le Parnasse françois_. He describes a piece from Marais' fourth book called _The Labyrinth_, which goes through lots of keys. The notes which are often dissonant, sometimes fast, sometimes slow, describe a man caught in a labyrinth. Eventually the man comes out of it happily and the music finishes with a gracious and natural chaconne. Another piece called _La Gamme_ [The Scale], very gradually goes up the steps of the octave and then down again.

Facsimiles of all five books of Marais' _Pièces de viole_ are published by Éditions J.M. Fuzeau. A complete critical edition of his instrumental works in seven volumes, edited by John Hsu, is published by Broude Brothers.

## References in Film

Marais and his music were featured in the movie _Tous les matins du monde_ (1991). The movie shows a detailed, imagined life of Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe. Marais' music is heard a lot, including his longer work _Sonnerie de Ste-Geneviève du Mont-de-Paris_ (1723). A recording of the Sonnerie performed on a Fairlight synthesizer was used in the cult classic film _Liquid Sky_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Marin Marais
- **image**: Marin Marais 2.jpg
- **caption**: Marin Marais, 1704
- **birth date**: 31 May 1656
- **birth place**: Paris
- **death place**: Paris
- **nationality**: French
- **occupation**: Musician
Camberley

**Camberley** is a town in Surrey, England, UK. It is close to the border with Hampshire.
Petersfield, Hampshire

**Petersfield** is a town in Hampshire, England, UK. It is close to the border with West Sussex. Petersfield is a historic market town in the South Downs National Park. There is a market held in the town square every Wednesday and Saturday, with a monthly farmers market on a Sunday. The town was started at the end of the 11th century by the Normans. The Church of St.Peter was built in 1120.
Waterlooville

**Waterlooville** is a town in Hampshire, England, UK. It is not far from Portsmouth.
Havant

**Havant** is a town in Hampshire, England, UK. It is between the cities of Portsmouth and Chichester. Havant is a very old town but it is still in perfect shape.
Steyning

**Steyning** is a town in West Sussex, England, UK. It is west of the smaller villages of Bramber and Upper Beeding. It is not far north from Lancing and Shoreham-by-Sea on the South Coast. Steyning has a high street with many shops, ranging from the Co-op to Sussex Produce. There is a primary school, secondary school and a sixth form. There is a bed and breakfast hotel called, Springwells.
Lancing, West Sussex

Lancing has a small library and a station with medium train service.

West Sussex, England, UK. It is to the south-east of Sompting and to the south-west of Shoreham-by-Sea.

There is a private school called Lancing College here.
Bognor Regis

**Bognor Regis** is a  town in Arun, West Sussex, England, UK. In 2001 there were 22,555 people living in Bognor Regis.

It has a beach, where Butlins is situated.
Westhampnett

**Westhampnett** (sometimes known as **Goodwood**) is a village in West Sussex, England, UK. It is not far from Chichester. It is where Rolls-Royce Motor Cars is based. They also have a plant there.
Haywards Heath

**Haywards Heath** is a town in West Sussex, England, UK. It is not far from the border with East Sussex.
Lewes

**Lewes** (pronounced "Lewis") is a town in East Sussex, England, UK. A battle was fought there in 1264.

Lewes has lots of restaurants, cafés, pubs, hotels, jobs, and lots more. This attracts lots of people to visit the Town in East Sussex.

Lewes has the most historical features of all of Sussex. In 2001 it had the population of 15,988 and it is still growing.

It had its own battle called Battle Of Lewes in 1264, during the reign of Henry III.
Uckfield

**Uckfield** is a town in Wealden, East Sussex, England, UK. It is on the River Uck. In 2001 there were 13,697 people living in Uckfield.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Uckfield
- **country**: England
- **region**: South East England
- **static image**: Uckfield High Street.jpg
- **static image caption**: Uckfield town centre
- **area total km2**: 7.5
- **population**: 13,873
- **population ref**: (2007)
- **os grid reference**: TQ473212
- **post town**: Uckfield
- **postcode area**: TN
- **postcode district**: TN22
- **dial code**: 01825
- **constituency westminster**: Wealden (UK Parliament constituency), Wealden
- **london distance**: NNW
- **shire district**: Wealden
- **shire county**: East Sussex
- **website**: [http://www.uckfieldtc.gov.uk/ Uckfield Town Council]
Bexhill-on-Sea

**Bexhill-on-Sea** is a seaside town in East Sussex, England, UK. It is between Eastbourne and Hastings. It is home to St. Richard's Catholic College and Bexhill Academy.
Royal Tunbridge Wells

**Royal Tunbridge Wells** is a town in Kent, England, UK. It is not far from the border with East Sussex. It should not be confused with Tonbridge, a smaller town to the north.
Folkestone

**Folkestone** is a seaside town in Kent, England, United Kingdom. It has a Eurostar train terminal near it, in Ashford. But the channel tunnel is in Folkestone. It is has a pebble beach and sandy beach and there are cliffs.
Lundy

**Lundy** is an island off the coast of Devon, England, UK. It has a very small population.  In the 1930s the owner sold stamps and coins as if Lundy was an independent country. You can hire cottages on this island to stay in for a week or so. You can get to Lundy by helicopter or a ferry in the summer.
Westward Ho!

**Westward Ho!** is a village on the north coast of Devon, England, UK. It is the only place in the British Isles to have an exclamation mark (!) in its name. The name comes from the novel of the same name by Charles Kingsley.

Another example of a place name with a exclamation mark in its name is Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!, Quebec (Canada). But these are colloquial, unlike Westward Ho!'s.
Bude

**Bude** is a coastal town in Cornwall, England, UK. It is at the mouth of the River Neet. Bude is surrounded by beautiful beaches such as Summerleaze Beach, Widemouth Bay, Crooklets Beach and Blackrock Beach. The River Neet runs through the town. Bude is a very popular location for tourists especially in the summer. The Bude Canal is a disused canal.
Padstow

**Padstow** is a small town in Cornwall, England, UK. It is at the mouth of the River Camel. It is a fishing port and is well known for the 'Obby 'Oss (hobby horse) ceremony which is celebrated on May Day every year. A ferry connects Padstow with the village of Rock on the opposite side of the Camel estuary.
Pima County, Arizona

**Pima County** is one of the 15 counties in the US state of Arizona.

The county seat is Tucson which has the second most people in the state.
Aviemore

**Aviemore** (;   meaning "The big [mountain] face") is a town in Highlands of Scotland, UK. It is also a tourist area.

### Climate

Aviemore has an oceanic climate (Köppen: _Cfb_). It has cool temperatures and rainfall throughout the year. The highest temperature ever was  on 28 June 2018.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: Scotland
- **official name**: Aviemore
- **gaelic name**: An Aghaidh Mhòr
- **static image**: Aviemore.jpg
- **static image width**: 250px
- **language**: Highland English
Scottish Gaelic
- **population**: 3,613
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 census)
est. 3,613 (2016)
- **community scotland**: Aviemore
- **unitary scotland**: Highland (council area), Highland
- **map type**: Badenoch and Strathspey
- **constituency westminster**: Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey (UK Parliament constituency), Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey
- **constituency scottish parliament**: Skye, Lochaber and Badenoch (Scottish Parliament constituency), Skye, Lochaber and Badenoch
- **post town**: AVIEMORE
- **postcode district**: PH22
- **postcode area**: PH
- **dial code**: 01479
- **os grid reference**: NH898129
- **london distance**: 420 mi (725 km)
- **edinburgh distance**: 90 mi (145 km)
John Ireland

**John Ireland** (born near Manchester, 13 August 1879; died Washington, Sussex, 12 June 1962) was an English composer. He is particularly remembered for his _Piano Concerto_ and for his church music, especially the anthem _Greater love hath no man_, the song _The Holy Boy_ and the hymn tune to _My song is love unknown_.  He had an unhappy childhood, and he always felt unsure of himself and rather lonely.

## Life

John Ireland was born in Bowdon, Greater Manchester.  His father, who was 70 years old, was  a publisher who owned a newspaper.  He had married for a second time after his wife had died, and John was the youngest of five children from the second marriage.  His mother was 30 years younger than her husband.   When John was 14 his mother died, and his father died the next year.

John Ireland studied piano and organ at the Royal College of Music. Later he also had composition lessons from Charles Villiers Stanford. He later became a teacher at the College himself.  His pupils included the composers Alan Bush and
Geoffrey Bush (who were not related), Ernest Moeran and Benjamin Britten.  Geoffrey Bush later helped to prepare a lot of Ireland’s works for publication.   Ireland mostly made his living as an organist and choirmaster.

Ireland enjoyed going to the Channel Islands.  He liked the landscapes there. He was evacuated from them just before the German invasion during World War II.

John Ireland married once, but his marriage only lasted a few months.

On 10 September 1949, his 70th birthday was celebrated in a special Prom concert.  The soloist in the _Piano Concerto_  was the pianist Eileen Joyce, who later made the first gramophone recording of the concerto.

Ireland retired in 1953.  He moved to a tiny village in  Sussex, where he lived in an old windmill which had been changed into a home.

He died  aged 82 in Washington, Sussex of heart failure.

## Music

John Ireland was never much influenced by folksong like many other English composers of his time.  His music is more related to Impressionism.  He liked the music of French composers such as Debussy and Ravel as well as Igor Stravinsky and  Bartók.  His _Piano Concerto_ is one of his best works. It shows that he developed his own personal style of harmony.  Most of his other good works are short pieces, including many for piano solo. His best-known piece is the song _The Holy Boy_.  It is heard in many different arrangements. His songs to poems by A. E. Housman, Thomas Hardy, Christina Rossetti, John Masefield, Rupert Brooke and others, are among some of the best English art songs.. He also wrote hymns, carols, and other sacred choral music; among choirs he is probably best known for the anthem _Greater love hath no man_, often sung in services that remember the victims of war.  Another choral work, _These things shall be_ expresses his deepest hopes for mankind, although in his last years he said that he hated the work.

## References

- The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, 1980;

## Other websites

- The John Ireland Trust
Bathgate

**Bathgate** is a town in West Lothian, Scotland, 5 miles (8 km) west of Livingston and adjacent to the M8 motorway. Nearby towns are Armadale, Blackburn, Linlithgow, Livingston, West Calder and Whitburn. Situated 2 miles (3 km) south of the ancient Neolithic burial site at Cairnpapple Hill, Bathgate and the surrounding area show signs of habitation since about 3500 BC.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Bathgate
- **gaelic name**: Both Chèit
- **scots name**: Bathket -or- Bathkit
- **population**: 20,363
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2011, 2011 census)
- **static image**: Bathgate aerial.JPG
- **static image caption**: View of Bathgate, West Lothian from an aeroplane approaching Edinburgh Airport.
- **os grid reference**: NS973689
- **unitary scotland**: West Lothian
- **lieutenancy scotland**: West Lothian
- **constituency westminster**: Linlithgow and East Falkirk (UK Parliament constituency), Linlithgow and East Falkirk
- **constituency scottish parliament**: Linlithgow (Scottish Parliament constituency), Linlithgow
- **post town**: BATHGATE, UK
- **postcode district**: EH47, EH48
- **postcode area**: EH
- **dial code**: 01506
Joint Typhoon Warning Center

The **Joint Typhoon Warning Center** (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force. It is at the Naval Maritime Forecast Center in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Dwarf elephant

**Dwarf elephants** are prehistoric elephants which lived in the Pleistocene period. They are an example of island dwarfism.

Fossil remains of dwarf elephants have been found on the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus, Malta, Crete, Sicily, Sardinia, the Cyclades Islands and Dodecanese islands. Other islands where dwarf elephants have been found are Sulawesi, Flores, Timor and other islands of the Lesser Sundas and the Channel Islands of California.

They are considered to be one of the only elephant of the Mediterranean islands belonging to the mammoth line.
Kwajalein Atoll

**Kwajaein** (; Marshallese: **** ) is part of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). It is one of the world's largest coral atolls as measured by area of enclosed water.

The atoll has a local government. This governent is on Ebeye.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: Kwajalein Atoll
- **image name**: File:Kwajalein Atoll 2003-02-07 - Landsat 7 - 30m.png
- **image caption**: Landsat satellite image of Kwajalein Atoll
- **map image**: File:Kwajalein Atoll 2.jpg
- **map caption**: Map from National Atlas of the United States
- **pushpin map**: Marshall islands
- **pushpin label**: Kwajalein Atoll
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the Marshall Islands
- **location**: North Pacific Ocean
- **archipelago**: Ralik Chain, Ralik


## Infobox (country)

- **time zone**: MHT
- **utc offset**: +12
Bo'ness

**Bo'ness** (short for **Borrowstouness**) is a town in the Falkirk council area of Scotland, UK. Bo'ness is well known for its iron. Even if Bo'ness is the form of name it's known for and being used on road signs, its original name Borrowstounness.

## Name history

The usage of the name dates back to the early 1400s when the Burgh of Linlithgow built a harbour on a broad promontory (or "ness"). The "burgh's town on the ness" then became Borrowstounness. It eventually became known as Bo'ness.

## Other websites

- Bo'ness official railway
Kilwinning

**Kilwinning** is a town in North Ayrshire, Scotland, UK. It is known as **The Crossroads of Ayrshire**.
Lasswade

**Lasswade** is a town in Midlothian, Scotland, UK. It is between Loanhead and Dalkeith. It merged (joined) with Bonnyrigg in 1929.
West Lothian

**West Lothian** is a council area in Scotland, United Kingdom. The county town is Livingston. Susan Boyle is from here.

The term "West Lothian question" was coined by Enoch Powell MP in 1977 after Tam Dalyell, the Labour MP for the Scottish constituency of West Lothian, raised the matter repeatedly in House of Commons debates on devolution.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: West Lothian
**'
**'
- **image skyline**:
- **seat type**: Admin HQ
- **seat**: Livingston, West Lothian, Livingston
- **governing body**: West Lothian Council
- **leader title**: Control
- **leader name**: Scottish Labour Party, Labour minority (council No overall control, NOC)
- **leader title1**: List of MPs for constituencies in Scotland 2017-, MPs
- **leader name1**: * Martyn Day (politician), Martyn Day
* Hannah Bardell
- **leader title2**: Members of the 5th Scottish Parliament, MSPs
- **leader name2**: * Angela Constance
* Fiona Hyslop
- **subdivision type**: Sovereign state
- **subdivision name**: United Kingdom
- **subdivision type2**: Subdivisions of Scotland, Council area
- **subdivision type3**: Lieutenancy areas of Scotland, Lieutenancy area
- **subdivision name1**: Scotland
- **subdivision name3**: West Lothian
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area rank**: List of Scottish council areas by area, Ranked
- **population rank**: List of Scottish council areas by population, Ranked
- **population density km2**: auto
- **area code type**: ONS coding system, ONS code
- **area code**: S12000040
- **iso code**: GB-WLN
Midlothian

**Midlothian** is the names of two areas in Scotland, UK:

- A county on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth
- A landlocked council area.

The county of Midlothian includes the City of Edinburgh. Edinburgh is a council area on its own and so the council area of Midlothian is the area of the county with Edinburgh and some hills in the south cut off.
East Lothian

**East Lothian** is a council area in Scotland, UK.

The administrative centre is Haddington.  The largest town is Musselburgh.

## Places of interest

- Aberlady Bay
- Dirleton Castle
- Gifford
- Hopetoun Monument
- Muirfield (Scotland)
- North Berwick Harbour
- Pencaitland
- Torness Nuclear Power Station

## Infobox (scotland council area)

- **council**: East Lothian
_Aest Lowden
Lodainn an Ear_
- **image**: East Lothian in Scotland.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of East Lothian.svg
- **sizerank**: 18th
- **size**: 679
- **adminhq**: Haddington, East Lothian, Haddington
- **iso**: GB-ELN
- **ons**: 00QM
- **councildetails**: East Lothian Council
http://www.eastlothian.gov.uk/
- **mps**: <ul><li>Fiona O'Donnell</ul>
- **msps**: <ul><li>Colin Beattie<li>Iain Gray</ul>
Falkirk Council

The **Falkirk council area** is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. It was formed on 1 April 1996.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Falkirk
- **image map**: Falkirk in Scotland.svg
- **seat type**: Admin HQ
- **seat**: Falkirk
- **governing body**: Falkirk Council
- **leader title**: Control
- **leader name**: Scottish National Party, SNP minority (council No overall control, NOC)
- **leader title1**: List of MPs for constituencies in Scotland 2017-, MPs
- **leader name1**: *Martyn Day (politician), Martyn Day
*John McNally (politician), John McNally
- **leader title2**: Members of the 5th Scottish Parliament, MSPs
- **leader name2**: *Angus MacDonald (politician), Angus MacDonald
*Michael Matheson (politician), Michael Matheson
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area rank**: List of Scottish council areas by area, Ranked
- **population rank**: List of Scottish council areas by population, Ranked
- **area code type**: ONS coding system, ONS code
- **area code**: S12000014
- **iso code**: GB-FAL
Frank Bridge

**Frank Bridge** (born Brighton, 26 February 1879; died Eastbourne,  10 January 1941) was an English composer, violist and conductor.  His music often sounded quite modern to the people of his day.  He wrote many excellent works including chamber music as well as orchestral music.  One of his composition pupils was Benjamin Britten.  Later Britten remembered his teacher by using one of Bridge’s tunes and making them into a piece of music called _Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge_.

## Life

Bridge was born in Brighton and studied at the Royal College of Music in London from 1899 to 1903.  One of his teachers was  Charles Villiers Stanford. He played the viola in several string quartets and conducted many orchestras.  He learned difficult music very quickly, and sometimes Henry Wood asked him to take his place when he was not well enough to conduct himself.  After a while he spent most of his time composing. He privately taught several pupils, including Benjamin Britten, who later helped to make his teacher's music better known and honoured him in his _Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge_ for string orchestra (1937), based on a theme from the second of Bridge's _Three Idylls for String Quartet_ (1906).

Bridge died in Eastbourne.

## Music

Bridge’s early works show the influence of Johannes Brahms and Charles Villiers Stanford.  He wrote some excellent chamber music and songs.  The _Phantasie Quartet_ and the _String Quartet no 1_ show his talent.  His later pieces such as the third (1926) and fourth (1937) string quartets have quite complicated harmonies and show his interest in the music of Schoenberg as well as the harmonies of Maurice Ravel and Alexander Scriabin. His most important orchestral works include _The Sea_ and _Summer_.  He wrote some lovely chamber music for the cello as well as many songs.  In his later years his harmonies become quite advanced, for example a favourite chord of his can be found by playing a C minor chord and a D major chord together.  In his longer pieces the speed of the music often changes and he avoids repeating himself exactly.

For a long time after his death his music was hardly ever played, but more recently musicians have discovered the greatness of his compositions.  Pianists like to play the popular piano piece called _Rosemary_.
Auchtertool

**Auchtertool** is a village in Fife, Scotland, UK. It is on the B925 Road between Dunfermline and Kirkcaldy.
Cowdenbeath

**Cowdenbeath** is a town in Fife, Scotland, UK. It is well known for Mossmorran, an oil refinery. It is on the A92 Road. It is home to the local football team Cowdenbeath F.C.
Moray

**Moray** is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, UK. It lies in the northeast of the country and borders the council areas of the Highlands and Aberdeenshire. It takes its name after the much larger Province of Moray. Before 1996, it was a district of the Grampian region.
South Ayrshire

**South Ayrshire** is one of 32 council areas of Scotland, UK. The largest town is Ayr.
Angus

**Angus** is a county on the North Sea and on the northern shore of the Firth of Tay in Scotland, United Kingdom.

Angus is also the name of a council area.

The county town of Angus is Forfar, but its largest town is Dundee. Dundee is not part of the council area but is a council area on its own.

## Industry

Angus is also well known for its breed of cattle much used in beef production. The Angus cattle were developed from cattle native to the counties of Aberdeenshire and Angus, and are now found in most parts of the world.
Clackmannanshire

**Clackmannanshire** is a  county and a council area in Scotland. It lies north of the River Forth, between Perthshire to the north and Fife to the south.

Clackmannanshire is the smallest county in the United Kingdom.

Some villages/places in the county: Clackmannan, Alloa, Dollar, Tillicoultry, Tullibody.
Selby

**Selby** is a town in North Yorkshire, England, UK.   In the 2021 UK Census 19,760 people were living there.

It is on the River Ouse which is joined to Leeds by the Selby Canal and used to be a centre of ship building.  It is not far from the border with the East Riding of Yorkshire.

Selby Abbey, started in the 11th century is in the centre of the town. There was a great fire there in 1906.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Selby
- **static image caption**: From the top left: Gowthorpe, Selby Town Hall, aerial of Selby and Selby Abbey
- **civil parish**: Selby
- **population**: 19,760
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2021, 2021 Census)
- **unitary england**: North Yorkshire (district), North Yorkshire
- **lieutenancy england**: North Yorkshire
- **region**: Yorkshire and the Humber
- **constituency westminster**: Selby and Ainsty (UK Parliament constituency), Selby and Ainsty
- **post town**: SELBY
- **postcode district**: YO8
- **postcode area**: YO
- **dial code**: 01757
- **os grid reference**: SE614323
- **london distance mi**: 162
- **london direction**: SE
- **website**: [http://www.selbytowncouncil.gov.uk/ www.selbytowncouncil.gov.uk]
Goole

**Goole** is a town and inland port in the East Riding of Yorkshire of England, UK. It is near to the border with North Yorkshire.

## Other websites

- Informative guide to Goole
- Yorkshire Waterways Museum
- Goole Town Council Website

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **region**: Yorkshire and the Humber
- **official name**: Goole
- **population**: 17,600
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 census)
- **civil parish**: Goole
- **unitary england**: East Riding of Yorkshire
- **lieutenancy england**: East Riding of Yorkshire
- **constituency westminster**: Brigg and Goole (UK Parliament constituency), Brigg and Goole
- **post town**: GOOLE
- **postcode area**: DN
- **postcode district**: DN14
- **dial code**: 01405
- **os grid reference**: SE746231
- **static image**: Goole Docks.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Goole Docks</small>
Burnley

**Burnley** is a town in Lancashire, England, UK. It is not far from the border with West Yorkshire.

## Industry

Burnley is a large market town in the north west of England. It has a population of about 70,000. It lies approximately 34 km north of Manchester and 40 km east of Preston at the confluence of the River Calder and River Brun. Burnley grew larger during the industrial revolution when it was home to many cotton mills and was one of the world’s largest producers of cotton cloth.

## Location

Burnley lies along the M65, east of Accrington, Blackburn and Preston where it joins the M6. Lots of people use this motorway to go to these, and other large settlements like Manchester. It is surrounded by other small towns such as Padiham, Todmorden and Nelson. Many people come to Burnley from these settlements to shop and work. Burnley has a range of shops including:

- Those that sell convenience goods, like newspapers and bread
- Larger stores selling comparison goods such as furniture and other household items
- Some clothes shops, for example:
    - Next
    - Marks and Spencer

Since the mills closed, Burnley has become one of the poorest towns in Britain. Houses in Burnley are on average the cheapest in the UK.

## People

Burnley has produced many celebrities, including Ian McKellen and Ryan Simonds.
Broadstairs

**Broadstairs** is a town in Kent, England, UK. It is between the bigger towns of Margate and Ramsgate.
Street, Somerset

**Street** is a village in Somerset, England, UK. It is to the south of Glastonbury. The River Brue makes the boundary with Glastonbury.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **static image name**: Holy Trinity church Street.jpg
- **static image caption**: <small>Church of the Holy Trinity, Street</small>
- **country**: England
- **official name**: Street
- **population**: 11,066
- **shire district**: Mendip
- **shire county**: Somerset
- **region**: South West England
- **constituency westminster**: Wells (UK Parliament constituency), Wells
- **post town**: STREET
- **postcode district**: BA16
- **postcode area**: BA
- **dial code**: 01458
- **os grid reference**: ST483363
Warminster

**Warminster** is a town in Wiltshire, South West England. It is to the south of Westbury and to the east of Frome.
Wisbech

**Wisbech** is a town in Cambridgeshire, England, United Kingdom. It is not far from the border with Norfolk.
Pant, Shropshire

**Pant** is a small village in Shropshire in England. It is in the civil parish of Llanymynech and Pant. It is located on the border with Powys in Wales. It is situated 15 miles north west of Shrewsbury, the county town.

In the 2011 census, the village's population was listed under the civil parish's population, which was 2,100 people.

The village's name means _"hollow"_ in Welsh.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Pant
- **country**: England
- **region**: West Midlands
- **static image name**: Course of Montgomery Canal at Pant - geograph.org.uk - 51038.jpg
- **static image caption**: Course of the Montgomery Canal at Pant
- **static image alt**: Course of the Montgomery Canal at Pant, Shropshire
- **os grid reference**: SJ275224
- **map alt**: Map of Shropshire, with a red dot showing the position of Pant
- **label position**: bottom
- **post town**: Oswestry, OSWESTRY
- **postcode area**: SY
- **postcode district**: SY10
- **dial code**: 01691
- **civil parish**: Llanymynech and Pant
- **constituency westminster**: North Shropshire (UK Parliament constituency), North Shropshire
- **unitary england**: Shropshire
- **lieutenancy england**: Shropshire
Southport

**Southport** is a coastal town in Merseyside, England, UK. It is on the border with Lancashire.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **type**: Town
- **london direction**: SE
- **official name**: Southport
- **population**: 91,703
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2011, 2011 Census)
- **metropolitan borough**: Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, Sefton
- **population demonym**: Sandgrounder
- **region**: North West England
- **metropolitan county**: Merseyside
- **constituency westminster**: Southport (UK Parliament constituency), Southport
- **post town**: Southport
- **postcode district**: PR8, PR9
- **postcode area**: PR
- **dial code**: 01704
- **os grid reference**: SD333170
- **map type**: Merseyside
- **static image name**: Marine Way Bridge.JPG
- **static image caption**: Marine Way Bridge, Southport
Central

**Central** means the center of something.

It can also mean:
- Central Region, Scotland
National Hockey League rivalries

There have been many **rivalries** between teams in the **National Hockey League** (NHL).  Rivalries have started up for many different reasons, the most common ones include: the teams being in the same area, knowing each other, violence during the game, and culture related reasons or national pride.
Puck

__NOTOC__
**Puck** may refer to:
- Puck (mythology), a nature spirit

## Characters

- Puck (Shakespeare), from _A Midsummer Night's Dream_
- Puck, the narrator of the book _Puck of Pook's Hill_ (1906) by Rudyard Kipling
- Puck, a character in the Japanese anime/manga _Berserk_
- Puck (comics), a diminutive superhero in Marvel comics
- Puck, a trickster in the animated television show Gargoyles
- Peter Puck, the name of a hockey-puck-shaped cartoon character
- Puck, a minor character appearing in _Final Fantasy IX_
- Puck the talking dog, a character in  Ouida's 1870 novel _Puck_ who narrates and makes comments on British society.
- Puck (The Faerie Dragon), a hero in the video game _Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne_s custom map, "Defense of the Ancients"
- Puck, a character in the novel series "The Sisters Grimm"

## People

- Theodore Puck (1916-2005), American geneticist
- Wolfgang Puck (born 1949), an Austrian celebrity chef and restaurateur
- Kirby Puckett
- Axel (Puck) Munthe, Swedish physician and author
- David "Puck" Rainey a cast member from MTV's reality television show, _The Real World_

## Places

- Puck (moon), a moon of Uranus
- Puck, Poland, a town in Poland
- Puck Building, a block in Manhattan, New York City, USA
- Bay of Puck, a shallow western part of the Bay of Gdańsk in the southern Baltic Sea

## Others

- Puck (band), South African based electronic band
- Puck (sports), the object used for scoring goals in ice hockey, roller hockey, underwater hockey, air hockey, carrom and novuss
- Puck (goat), a specially captured wild goat crowned "King Puck" at Puck Fair every year in Ireland
- _Puck_ (magazine), a 19th century US periodical
- _Puck_ (literary magazine), a late 20th century US periodical
- Puck, an amount of tamped coffee within an espresso machine's portafilter
- Puck, a pointing device used with a graphics tablet
Belves

**Belves** is a former commune in the Dordogne Department in the south-west of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Pays-de-Belves.
Bruce Gamble

**Bruce George Gamble** (May 24, 1938 – December 30, 1984) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played 10 seasons in the NHL between 1962 and 1972.

## Other websites

- Goaltenders.info profile of Bruce Gamble
- Find A Grave Memorial

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Goaltender
- **catches**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 9
- **weight lb**: 190
- **played for**: New York Rangers
Boston Bruins
Toronto Maple Leafs
Philadelphia Flyers
- **birth place**: Port Arthur, Ontario, Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada
- **death place**: Niagara Falls, Ontario, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
- **career start**: 1958
- **career end**: 1972
Falsifiability

**Falsifiability** is a concept from philosophy of science. It refers to whether a particular theory can be proved wrong.

There are different ways in which it can be done. The easiest way to do it is to find an example where the theory should apply, but fails. As an example: Swans are birds related to ducks and geese. Today, several species of swans are known. For most people in Europe, a swan is a large white bird: The only species of swan that occurs in Europe is white. Several hundred years back, people in Europe therefore thought that all swans were white.  In 1697, the Dutch explorer Willem de Vlamingh found black birds that looked like swans, during an expedition on the shores of Swan River, in Australia.  Later, it turned out these birds were indeed swans. With his discovery, de Vlamingh had falsified the theory that all swans were white.

That was a trivial example. A very important example is the idea that the Earth goes round the Sun, which was a step in understanding how the Solar System works.

## Falsification

**Falsification** is to prove that a theory is wrong. This is done in the following way: There is a set of statements (which are logically sound, and do not contradict each other) called theory. If a single logical statement can be found, which is also logically sound, and which contradicts one of the statements in the theory, then the theory is proven wrong. This can be done with observation, as in the example with the Swans above. It can also be done using mathematical logic, using  induction.

Karl Popper had the opinion that only theories that are falsifiable are scientific. Falsifiability is then a line between science and other kinds of knowledge: if it can be refuted, it is science; it if cannot, then it is not science. Many working scientists think Popper was right.

Not everyone agreed with this: Pierre Duhem and Paul Feyerabend had different ideas. Feyerabend's _Against method_ (1975) argued that there was no one scientific method. Instead, _whatever works, works_ and _anything goes_. This is called _epistemological anarchy_.

Duhem's idea was more subtle. He thought that for any given set of observations there is a huge and uncountable number of explanations. According to Duhem, an experiment in physics is not just an observation, but an interpretation of observations by means of a theoretical framework. Furthermore, no matter how well one constructs one's experiment, it is impossible to subject an isolated single hypothesis to an experimental test. Instead, it is a whole interlocking group of hypotheses, background assumptions, and theories that is tested. This thesis has come to be known as holism. According to Duhem, it makes crucial experiments impossible.

There are some special cases, where a statement or theory cannot be falsified:
- Kurt Gödel showed that certain propositions inside a system of logic cannot be proved inside that system.
- Closely related to this is the fact that some statements are undecidable (_This statement is false_, see paradox). Undecidable statements cannot be falsified.

## Related pages

- Hypothesis
- Philosophy of science
- Raven paradox
- Scientific method
Kenosha, Wisconsin

**Kenosha** is a city in Kenosha County in the state of Wisconsin. It is part of the Chicago Metropolitan Area, but is nearer to Milwaukee than it is to Chicago. It is the fourth biggest city in the state after Milwaukee, Madison, and Green Bay.
Locality of reference

**Locality of reference** is a phenomenon that can be seen in Computer science. It says that the same value, or the place where it is stored is accessed often. There are two different kinds of locality of reference:
- _Temporal locality_: If a value is referenced, there is a high probability it will be referenced again a short time from now
- _Spatial locality_: A value is stored in a certain location in storage (memory, disk,..). If this location is referenced, it is very probable that locations that are physically close to it will be referenced as well.

## Reasons

There are many reasons why locality of reference occurs:
- _Predictability_: Well-written programs only behave in a predictable way.
- _Structure of the program_: Often programs act on several items, one at a time. This item will be accessed more than once as computation or processing is done.
- _Linear data structures_: Programs may have loops that act on arrays or lists. They reference an item by its index in the array or list.

## Uses

Programs can be optimised in certain ways, to make them run faster:
- Increase the locality of reference by changing the program
- Hardware can be built to exploit the locality of reference.
- Caching is very successful because of locality of reference.
Kenosha County, Wisconsin

**Kenosha County** is a county in the U.S. State of Wisconsin. It is in the far southeast of the state, and faces east onto Lake Michigan. Its county seat is Kenosha. It was founded in 1850.

### Cities

- Kenosha

### Villages

- Bristol
- Genoa City (partially)
- Paddock Lake
- Pleasant Prairie
- Silver Lake
- Twin Lakes

### Towns

- Brighton
- Paris
- Randall
- Salem
- Somers
- Wheatland

## Unincorporated communities

- Bassett
- Benet Lake
- Berryville
- Brighton
- Camp Lake
- Central Park
- Chapin
- Fox River
- Kellogg's Corners
- Klondike
- Lake Shangrila
- Liberty Corners
- Lily Lake
- New Munster
- Paris
- Powers Lake
- Salem Oaks
- Salem
- Somers
- Trevor
- Voltz Lake
- Wilmot

### Ghost towns

- Aurora

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Kenosha County
- **state**: Wisconsin
- **founded year**: 1850
- **founded date**: January 30
- **seat wl**: Kenosha
- **largest city wl**: Kenosha
- **area total sq mi**: 754
- **area land sq mi**: 272
- **area water sq mi**: 482
- **area percentage**: 64%
- **census yr**: 2020
- **pop**: 169151
- **population density sq mi**: 224.3
- **web**: https://www.kenoshacounty.org/
- **ex image**: Kenosha County Court House.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Kenosha County Courthouse and Jail
- **district**: 1st
- **time zone**: Central
Tape drive

A **tape drive** or **streamer** is a component that is often attached to a computer. It is used to write data to magnetic tape or to read data from it. Usually people use it to do backups. Tape drives are different from hard drives in that the access to the data is sequential (in order). This means to read a certain part of data, all the data before it needs to be read as well. Also tape drives are slow, compared to hard drives. Current capacities range from tens of gigabytes to almost a terabyte, per cartridge.