juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Irish Civil War

The **Irish Civil War** (; 28 June 1922 – 24 May 1923) followed the Irish War of Independence. It went along with the beginning of the Irish Free State. It was independent from the United Kingdom but stayed a part of the British Empire.

The conflict was between two opposing groups of Irish republicans over the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The forces of the "Provisional Government" (which became the Free State in December 1922) supported the Treaty. The Republican opposition saw it as a betrayal of the Irish Republic (which had been proclaimed during the Easter Rising). Many of those who fought in the conflict had been members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) during the War of Independence.

The Civil War was won by the Free State forces. They had many weapons provided by the British Government. The conflict may have claimed more lives than the War of Independence that went before it. It left Irish society divided and bitter for generations. About 927 people died during the civil war.
Chevrolet Cobalt

The **Chevrolet Cobalt** was a Compact car sold by the General Motors division Chevrolet from 2005 to 2010. It replaced the Cavalier and the Geo Prizm (although the Pontiac Vibe serves as the Prizm's replacement, many auto sites list the Cobalt as a secondary successor). From 2005 to 2009, it was sold under the Pontiac marque under various names including the Pursuit, Pursuit G4 and the G5. The Cobalt was available as a sedan and coupé, while the G5 was strictly a coupé in America and offered as a sedan model in Canada. It was replaced by the Chevrolet Cruze (a rebadged Daewoo Lacetti Premiere). The Pontiac G5 was replaced by the Buick Verano. As of 2014, GM was recalling this car because of problems with the ignitions that can shut off the engine without warning and cause disabled air bags and cause serious injury or death. Chevrolet Cobalt was considered an improvement over its predecessor the Cavalier because it earned a "Good" crash test rating from the IIHS, but without optional side airbags it earned a "Poor" in side impact tests. However, with the optional side airbags it earned an "Acceptable".
Venevisión

**Venevisión**, is one of Venezuela's largest television networks. It is also a Venezuelan cable and broadcast television network. Venevisión is owned and operated by Gustavo Cisneros. In the United States, many of Venevisión's programs can be seen on Univision.

## Other websites

- Official website
Here Without You

"**Here Without You**" is the third single off American rock band 3 Doors Down's second studio album _Away from the Sun_. The song was released on August 11, 2003.

On the _Billboard_ charts, _Here Without You_ was able to peak at #5 on the Hot 100 chart.

Lead singer Brad Arnold said that his inspiration for this song was his now ex-wife. Arnold said "The song's about being away from someone, or missing them. And it really doesn't matter if you're here without them for all day or all month. It's about the loneliness and missing of somebody". The song was used by the WWE in a tribute video to professional wrestler Eddie Guerrero after he died from a heart attack in November 2005.

## Other websites

- "Here Without You" on YouTube

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Here Without You
- **type**: single
- **artist**: 3 Doors Down
- **album**: Away from the Sun
- **studio**: * London Bridge Studio, London Bridge (Seattle, Seattle, Washington)
* Greenhouse Studios, Greenhouse (Burnaby, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada)
* Ocean Way Recording (Hollywood, Hollywood, California)
- **length**: 3:58
- **writer**: * Brad Arnold
* Todd Harrell
* Chris Henderson
* Matt Roberts
- **producer**: Rick Parashar
- **prev title**: The Road I'm On
- **prev year**: 2003
- **next title**: Away from the Sun (song), Away from the Sun
- **next year**: 2003
Sindhi Wikipedia

**Sindhi Wikipedia** (, ) is the Sindhi language edition of Wikipedia. It started in February 2006. As of July 2015, it had more than 3,000 articles.

## History

At first, Sindhi Wikipedia faced technical problems with the Sindhi script font, but this matter is mostly settled; some unsolved areas remain. Sindhi is written in Perso-Arabic script, a right-to-left writing system. As a result, users sometimes need to configure their operating systems and web browsers accordingly.

## Other websites

- Sindhi Wikipedia
- Sindhi Wikipedia mobile version (homepage not yet configured)

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Sindhi Wikipedia

- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-sd.svg
- **url**: [http://sd.wikipedia.org/ sd.wikipedia.org]
- **commercial**: No
- **location**: Miami, Florida
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **language**: Sindhi language, Sindhi
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
Livin' la Vida Loca

"**Livin' la Vida Loca**" is the first single off Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin's self-titled first English studio album. The song was released on March 27, 1999. It is Martin's signature song.

On the _Billboard_ charts, _Livin' la Vida Loca_ was able to peak at #1 on the Hot 100, Adult Pop Songs, Hot Latin Songs, Latin Pop Songs, Tropical Songs, Pop Songs, and Rhythmic Top 40 charts.

At the 2000 Grammy Awards, _Livin' la Vida Loca_ was nominated for Record of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Male Pop Vocal Performance, Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s). In 2007, VH1 ranked the song #28 in their list of 100 Greatest Songs of the 90s.

## Other websites

- "Livin' La Vida Loca" on YouTube

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Livin' la Vida Loca
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Ricky Martin
- **album**: Ricky Martin (1999 album), Ricky Martin
- **english title**: "Livin' the Crazy Life"
- **studio**: * Record Plant (Los Angeles, California)
* The Hit Factory (New York City)
* Crescent Moon Studios (Miami, Florida)
* Sony Music Studios (New York City)
- **genre**: Latin pop
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: * Draco Rosa
* Desmond Child
- **producer**: Desmond Child
- **prev title**: Casi un Bolero
- **prev year**: 1998
- **next title**: She's All I Ever Had
- **next year**: 1999
MariaDB

**MariaDB** is a free, open source database management system forked from Sun Microsystems' MySQL. It was created by MySQL's software developers, inluding Monty Widenius. They were concerned about Oracle Corporation's acquisition of Sun Microsystems.

## Other websites

- MariaDB Corporation
- MariaDB Foundation
Campaign for "santorum" neologism

The **campaign for the neologism "santorum"** started with a contest held in May 2003 by Dan Savage. Savage is a sex columnist and LGBT rights activist. He asked his readers to create a definition for the word "santorum" in response to then-U.S. Senator Rick Santorum's opinions about homosexuality, and comments about same sex marriage. In his comments, Santorum had stated that "In every society, the definition of marriage has not ever to my knowledge included homosexuality. That's not to pick on homosexuality. It's not, you know, man on child, man on dog, or whatever the case may be." Savage announced the winning entry, which defined "santorum" as "the frothy mixture of lube and fecal matter that is sometimes the byproduct of anal sex". He created a web site, _spreadingsantorum.com_ (and _santorum.com_), to promote the definition.

In 2010 Savage said he would take the site down if Santorum donated US$5 million plus interest to Freedom to Marry. That group supports legal recognition of same-sex marriages. In September 2011 Santorum asked Google to remove the definition from its search engine index. Google refused. They said that the company does not remove content from search results except in very limited circumstances.

## Other websites

- spreadingsantorum.com
El Instituto Cultural Cubano-Norteamericano

**El Instituto Cultural Cubano-Norteamericano**  was an American institution established in Havana, Cuba in 1943.  It offered courses relating to the U.S. and the English language.

The institute's library was called Biblioteca Pública Martí-Lincoln.  Most of the books were given by the government of the United States and individual Americans.  Popular American magazines were also in the library.
Unlike other libraries in Cuba at that time, the institute's library let people borrow books for reading outside of the library.

The director was the Cuban historian Herminio Portell Vilá.

In 1945, the institute began publishing  a bulletin entitled _Dos Pueblos_, first for students but later sent to libraries abroad.

An article in _Granma_ describes the institute as designed to influence and penetrate Cuban society  and culture.
Argelès-Gazost

**Argelès-Gazost** () is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in southwestern France in the Occitanie region. It is part of the historical region of Gascony and is the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Argelès-Gazost.

## History

Argelès-Gazost was made a _commune_ in 1790 with the name of Argelès; it was merged in 1824 with the _commune_ of Vieuzac. Vieuzac was also made a _commune_ in 1790.

The name of the _commune_, Argelès, was changed to Argelès-Gazost in 1896.

## Geography

Argelès-Gazost is a _commune_ in the Lavedan (a natural region in the Pyrenees), at the confluence of the Gave de Pau and Gave d'Azun rivers, between Lourdes and Gavarnie.

It has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

### Climate

The climate of Argelès-Gazost, in the Köppen climate classification, is **Cfb** - Oceanic climate with template summers.

## Population

The inhabitants of Argelès-Gazost are known, in French, as _Argelésiens_ (women: _Argelésiennes_).

Argelès-Gazost has a population, in 2014, of 3,020, and its population density is of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

**Evolution of the population in Argelès-Gazost**

## Administration

Argelès-Gazost is a subprefecture of the Hautes-Pyrénées department since 1790. It is also the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Argelès-Gazost and the administrative centre () of the canton La Vallée des Gaves with 50 _communes_ and 15,743 inhabitants in 2014.

It is part of the intercommunality _La Vallée d'Argelès-Gazost_ ().

## Sites of interest

Some important buildings and places are:
- The **Saint-Saturnin church**, built in the second half of the nineteenth century.
- **Château d'Ourout**, built in the fifteenth - sixteenth century, rebuilt in the nineteenth century. With its park and chapel, it is registered as a historical monument since 1995.
- **Vieuzac tower** of the fourteenth century.
- **Mendaigne tower** of the eighteenth century.
- **Pyrénées Animal Park** ()

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost
- Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department

## Other websites

- City Council website
- Office de Tourisme - Saint-Gaudens

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Argelès-Gazost
- **commune status**: Prefectures in France, Subprefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville d'Argelès-Gazost (Hautes-Pyrénées).svg
- **image**: Argelès-gazost hautacam.jpg
- **caption**: Argelès-Gazost viewed from Hautacam.
- **arrondissement**: Argelès-Gazost
- **canton**: Argelès-Gazost
- **intercommunality**: Vallée d'Argelès-Gazost
- **mayor**: Dominique Roux
- **term**: 2014-2020
- **elevation m**: 506
- **elevation min m**: 412
- **elevation max m**: 600
- **area km2**: 3.05
- **population demonym**: Argelésiens
- **population**: 3020
- **population date**: 2014
- **insee**: 65440
- **postal code**: 65000
- **website**: [http://www.argeles-gazost.fr/ www.argeles-gazost.fr]
Bagnères-de-Bigorre

**Bagnères-de-Bigorre** () is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the Occitanie region, southwestern France.

## Name of the city

In the Middle Ages, the city had the name _Aquae Convenarum_ or _Vicus Aquensis_ ("City of the Waters"). The current name is formed from the Occitan _Banheras_ ("baths") and the name of the region, _Bigorre_.

## Geography

Bagnères-de-Bigorre is in the Bigorre region, in the Pyrenees foothills; the _commune_ is where the valley of the Adour is in contact with the Campan valley.

It has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

### Climate

The climate of Bagnères-de-Bigorre, in the Köppen climate classification, is **Cfb** - Oceanic climate with template summers.

## Population

The inhabitants of Bagnères-de-Bigorre are known, in French, as _Bagnérais_ (women: _Bagnéraises_).

Bagnères-de-Bigorre has a population, in 2014, of 7,602, and its population density is of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

**Evolution of the population in Bagnères-de-Bigorre**

## Administration

Bagnères-de-Bigorre is a subprefecture of the Hautes-Pyrénées department since 1790. It is also the capital of the _arrondissement_ of Bagnères-de-Bigorre and the administrative centre () of the canton La Haute-Bigorre with 14 _communes_ and 15,242 inhabitants in 2014.

It is part of the intercommunality _Haute-Bigorre_ ().

### Sister cities

Bagnères-de-Bigorre is twinned with:
- Alhama de Granada, Spain
- Granarolo dell'Emilia, Italy
- Tutzing, Germany
- Inverurie, Scotland

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Bagnères-de-Bigorre
- Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department

## Other websites

- City Council website
- Office de Tourisme - Bagnères-de-Bigorre - La Mongie
- Le Musée du Marbre

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bagnères-de-Bigorre
- **commune status**: Prefectures in France, Subprefecture and Communes of France, commune
- **image**: Bagnères-de-Bigorre.JPG
- **caption**: A general view of Bagnères-de-Bigorre
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Bagnères-de-Bigorre (Hautes-Pyrénées).svg
- **arrondissement**: Bagnères-de-Bigorre
- **canton**: La Haute-Bigorre
- **insee**: 65059
- **postal code**: 65200
- **mayor**: Jean Bernard Sempastous
- **term**: 2013–2020
- **intercommunality**: Haute-Bigorre
- **elevation m**: 550
- **elevation min m**: 440
- **elevation max m**: 2872
- **area km2**: 125.86
- **population**: 7602
- **population date**: 2014
- **population demonym**: Bagnérais(e)
- **website**: [http://www.ville-bagneresdebigorre.fr/ www.ville-bagneresdebigorre.fr]
Échez

The **Échez** is a river in southwestern France that flows through in the Occitanie region.

It is a left tributary of the Adour river, in the French department of Hautes-Pyrénées.

## Geography

The Échez river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

### Course

The Échez river is born at the foot of the _Pic de la Clique_ mountain (in the _commune_ Germs-sur-l’Oussouet to the east of Lourdes), then if flows to the north, flowing through the western side of the city of Tarbes and of the valley of the Adour river. It joins the Adour as a left tributary in Maubourget.

## Tributaries of the Échez

Some of the important tributaries of the Échez are:

**Left tributaries**:
- Geune; 10.6 km;
- Géline; 7.2 km;
- Souy; 25.8 km;
- Lis; 29.6 km;
**Right tributaries**:
- Aube; 9.1 km;
- Gespe; 9.1 km;

## Towns along the river

The Échez river flows only in the Hautes-Pyrénées department; it flows through the cities and towns Les Angles, Arcizac-ez-Angles, Escoubès-Pouts, Orincles, Barry, Bénac, Louey, Juillan, Tarbes, Bordères-sur-l'Échez, Oursbelille, Bazet, Andrest Vic-en-Bigorre, Nouilhan, Maubourguet.

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France

## Other websites

- L'adour et ses affluents, villes et villages, faune et flore, navigation et pêche

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Échez
- **pushpin map**: France#France Occitanie
- **source1 location**: Hautes-Pyrénées
- **mouth location**: Adour
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: France
Santorum

**Santorum** can refer to:

- US Senator Rick Santorum
- Campaign for "santorum" neologism
Mort Sahl

**Morton Lyon "Mort" Sahl** (May 11, 1927 – October 26, 2021) was a Canadian-born American comedian and actor of Jewish background. He was thought to be the first modern stand-up comedian. He was known for writing jokes for President John F. Kennedy in his speeches. He was born in Montreal, Quebec.

Sahl died on October 26, 2021 at his home in Mill Valley, California at the age of 94.
Ibrahim Biogradlić

**Ibrahim "Ibro" Biogradlić** (8 March 1931 – 20 February 2015) was a Bosnian-Herzegovinian footballer. He was born in Sarajevo, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He played at 1956 Summer Olympics for SFR Yugoslavia, winning a silver medal. He played for FK Sarajevo 646 times, making him the club's record holder for the most appearances.

He died on 20 February 2015 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina after a long illness, aged 83.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Ibrahim Biogradlić
- **fullname**: Ibrahim Biogradlić
- **birth place**: Sarajevo, Kingdom of Yugoslavia
- **death place**: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **position**: Defender (football), Defender
- **years1**: 1951–1967
- **clubs1**: FK Sarajevo
- **caps1**: 317
- **goals1**: 31
- **nationalyears1**: 1956
- **nationalteam1**: Yugoslavia national football team, Yugoslavia
- **nationalcaps1**: 6
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1987–1988
- **managerclubs1**: FK Sarajevo, FK Sarajevo U-19
- **manageryears2**: 1996
- **managerclubs2**: Bargh Shiraz F.C., Bargh Shiraz
- **managerclubs3**: FK Jedinstvo Brčko
Dick the Bruiser

**William Fritz Afflis** (June 27, 1929 – November 10, 1991) was an American professional wrestler and football player. He was better known by his ring name **Dick the Bruiser**.

Before becoming a professional wrestler, Afflis was a professional football player and played for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1951 until 1954.

On November 10, 1991, Afflis died from internal bleeding. His wife Louise said that he was weightlifting at home with his adopted son, Jon Carney, and ruptured a blood vessel in his esophagus.

## In wrestling

- **Finishing moves**
    - Atomic drop
    - Diving knee drop

- **Nicknames**
    - "Bruiser"
    - "The World's Most Dangerous Wrestler"

## Championships

- **American Wrestling Alliance**
    - AWA World Tag Team Championship (2 times) (with Wilbur Snyder)

- **American Wrestling Association**
    - AWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
    - AWA World Tag Team Championship (5 times) (with The Crusher)
    - World Heavyweight Championship (_Omaha version_) (1 time)

- **Japan Wrestling Association**
    - NWA International Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with The Crusher)

- **NWA Chicago**
    - NWA United States Heavyweight Championship _(Chicago version)_ (1 time)
    - NWA World Tag Team Championship _(Chicago version)_ (1 time) (with Gene Kiniski)

- **NWA Detroit**
    - NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (_Detroit version_) (4 times)

- **NWA Mid-Pacific Promotions**
    - NWA United States Heavyweight Championship _(Hawaii version)_ (1 time)

- **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
    - PWI Tag Team of the Year (1972) (with The Crusher)

- **Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame**
    - Tag Team with Crusher (Class of 2005)
    - Television Era (Class of 2011)

- **St. Louis Wrestling Club**
    - NWA Missouri Heavyweight Championship (3 times)

- **St. Louis Wrestling Hall of Fame**
    - (Class of 2007)

- **World Championship Wrestling**
    - WCW Hall of Fame (Class of 1994)

- **World Wrestling Association**
    - WWA World Heavyweight Championship (13 times)
    - WWA World Tag Team Championship (15 times) (with The Crusher (6), Wilbur Snyder (3), Bruno Sammartino (1), Bill Miller (1), Spike Huber (1), Jeff Van Kamp (1), Bobby Colt (1) and Calypso Jim (1))

- **Worldwide Wrestling Associates**
    - WWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

- **Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards**
    - Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Dick the Bruiser
- **names**: Richard Afflis
Afflis
Dick the Bruiser
- **image**: Dick the Bruiser - Chicago Professional Wrestling - 26 April 1969 (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Delphi, Indiana, Delphi, Indiana
- **death place**: Tampa, Florida, Tampa, Florida
- **billed**: Reno, Nevada, Reno, Nevada
- **trainer**: Verne Gagne
Joe Pazandak
- **debut**: 1954
- **retired**: 1985
Joey Haro

**Joey Haro** is an American actor best known for playing Clark Stevenson on the MTV teen comedy _Awkward_. He was also a member of The Warblers on _Glee_.

## Early life and career

Haro was born in Miami. He went to a performing arts high school. He attended Florida State University. He left there after his sophomore year to move to New York City for an acting career.
In 2009 he appeared on Broadway as Chino in the _West Side Story_. He was part of the casts of _Hairspray_ and _Altar Boyz._ In 2013, he was in the short-lived sitcom _Welcome to the Family_.

## Filmography

|Year|Work|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2011-2012|_Glee_|Warbler #1|4 episodes||
|2011-2013|_Awkward_|Clark Stevenson|9 episodes||
|2013|_Vegas_|Tony|1 episode (Past Lives)||
|2013|_Welcome to the Family_|Junior Hernandez|11 episodes||

## Other websites

- Joey Haro at Internet Movie Database
- Bella Agency Portfolio

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joey Haro
- **birth name**: Joseph Haro
- **birth place**: Miami, Florida
Thermal decomposition

**Thermal decomposition**, also called **thermolysis** (roughly "to break with heat"), is a process where heat causes a chemical compound to break down into simpler chemical compounds or elements.

## Types

If the compound is exposed to oxygen, usually from the air, the reaction is called calcination. If an inert gas is used instead of air, it is pyrolysis.

Cracking is the thermolysis of large molecules like hydrocarbons, with or without a catalyst.
Predicate (grammar)

The **predicate** in traditional grammar is the second part of a clause or sentence, the first being the subject. A predicate completes an idea about the subject, such as what it does or what it is like.

- She **dances**. <small>- verb-only predicate</small>
    - Ben **reads the book**. <small>- verb + direct object predicate</small>
    - Ben's mother, Felicity, **gave me a present**. <small>- verb + indirect object + direct object predicate</small>
    - She **listened to the radio**. <small>- verb + prepositional object predicate</small>
    - They **elected him president**. <small>- verb + object + predicative noun predicate</small>
    - She **met him in the park**. <small>- verb + object + adjunct predicate</small>
    - She **is in the park**. <small>- verb + predicative prepositional phrase predicate</small>
The predicate provides information about the subject.

The subject NP is shown in green, and the predicate VP in blue.

There is a quite different theory of sentence structure, called dependency structure grammar. This puts the finite verb (= conjugated verb) as the root of all sentence structure. It rejects the binary NP-VP division.
Rainier III, Prince of Monaco

**Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi** (31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005), also known as **Rainier III**, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years. He was one of the longest ruling monarchs in European history. His family has ruled Monaco for seven centuries. Prince Rainier was internationally known due to his marriage to the American actress Grace Kelly. He was responsible for reforms to the Constitution of Monaco. He expanded the principality's economy beyond its traditional casino gambling base. Gambling accounts for about three percent of the nation's annual revenue today. When Rainier became prince in 1949, it had accounted for more than ninety-five percent.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Rainier III
- **full name**: Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand
- **succession**: Prince of Monaco
- **image**: Prince Rainier III.jpg
- **caption**: The Prince in 1961
- **reign**: 9 May 1949 – 6 April 2005
- **predecessor**: Louis II, Prince of Monaco, Louis II
- **successor**: Albert II, Prince of Monaco, Albert II
- **regent**: Albert <small>(2005)</small>
- **house**: House of Grimaldi, Grimaldi (official)
 Polignac family, Polignac (agnatic)
- **father**: Prince Pierre, Duke of Valentinois, Count Pierre of Polignac
- **mother**: Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois
- **birth name**: Prince Rainier of Monaco
- **birth place**: Prince's Palace of Monaco
- **death place**: Cardiothoracic Centre of Monaco
- **burial date**: 15 April 2005
- **burial place**: Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate, Monaco
- **religion**: Roman Catholic
Afa Anoaʻi

**Arthur "Afa" Anoa'i, Sr.** (November 21, 1942 – August 16, 2024) was a Samoan American professional wrestler and manager. He was best known as one-half of the tag team The Wild Samoans with his brother Sika. He competed in many different National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) affiliates and the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF).

## Personal life

He was born in Samoa and he moved with his family to San Francisco, California. Before becoming a professional wrestler, Anoa'i joined the United States Marine Corps at the age of 17.

After retiring, he started the Wild Samoan Training Facility with Sika. In 1999, along with Lynn Anoa'i, Afa started the Usos Foundation, which is a non-profit organization that aims towards turning young people away from drugs, gangs and poverty by giving scholarships to the Wild Samoans Training Center.

### Health and death

On January 11, 2024, Afa was admitted to the hospital for pneumonia and had also suffered two small heart attacks.

On August 16, 2024, it was announced that Afa had died from a heart attack in Pennsylvania at the age of 81.

## Championships

- **World Wrestling Council**
    - WWC North American Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Sika)
- **Championship Wrestling from Florida**
    - NWA Florida Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Sika)
- **Continental Wrestling Association**
    - AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Sika)
- **Georgia Championship Wrestling**
    - NWA National Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Sika)
- **Gulf Coast Championship Wrestling**
    - NWA Gulf Coast Tag Team Championship (2 times) (with Sika)
- **International Wrestling Alliance**
    - IWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Sika)
- **Mid-South Wrestling Association**
    - Mid-South Tag Team Championship (3 times) (with Sika)
- **NWA: All-Star Wrestling**
    - NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship _(Vancouver version)_ (1 time) (with Sika)
- **NWA Detroit**
    - NWA World Tag Team Championship _(Detroit version)_ (2 times) (with Sika)
- **Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame**
    - Inducted as a member of the Wild Samoans (Class of 2012)
- **Southeastern Championship Wrestling**
    - NWA Southern Tag Team Championship _(Southern Division)_ (2 times) (with Sika)
- **Stampede Wrestling**
    - Stampede Wrestling International Tag Team Championship (2 times) (with Sika)
- **World Wrestling Entertainment/World Wrestling Federation**
    - WWF Tag Team Championship (3 times) (with Sika)
    - WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2007)

### Movies

- _Body Slam_ - Himself (1987)
- _Mr. Nanny_ - Himself (1993)

### Television

- _Miami Vice_ - Henchman #2 (1987)

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Afa Anoaʻi
- **names**: Afa
Afa the Wild Samoan
- **image**: Afa Anoaʻi 1986 (cropped).png
- **caption**: Afa in 1986
- **birth place**: Samoa
- **death place**: Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **trainer**: Rocky Johnson
Peter Maivia
The Von Steigers, Kurt Von Steiger
- **debut**: 1962
- **retired**: 1994
Granadilla, Spain

**Granadilla** is a ghost town in Spain. It is located in Extremadura. Since 1960 it belongs to Zarza de Granadilla's municipality. On June 24, 1955 its citizens had to leave when the Spanish Council of Ministers built a reservoir. Currently, the area is a summer campsite for young people and tourists.

## Further reading

- Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (2000). _La casa del Rey de Castilla y León en la Edad Media_ (1ª ed.) Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales.
- Ibáñez de Segovia, Gaspar (1777). _Memorias históricas del Rei D. Alonso el Sabio i observaciones a su chronica_ OLCL 458042314
- González Crespo, Esther (1988). 'El afianzamiento económico y social de los hijos de Leonor de Guzmán', _Anuario de estudios medievales_. 18. (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC: Institución Milá y Fontanals. Departamento de Estudios Medievales). 289–304.
- Monsalvo Antón, José María (July 12, 2014). 'Las dos escalas de la señorialización nobiliaria al sur del Duero: concejos de villa-y-tierra frente a la señorialización "menor"' (Estudio a partir de casos del sector occidental: señoríos abulenses y salmantinos) _Revista d'historia medieval_ (Universitat de València: Departamento de Historia Medieval): 275–338
It Gets Better Project

The **It Gets Better Project** is a non-profit organization that reaches out to LGBT youths who feel depressed or suicidal. Contributors to the project submit videos, essays, and other media. These are to share their stories, experiences, and messages telling LGBT youth that their lives will get better over time. The It Gets Better Project shows LGBT youth that they was not alone in their experiences. It shows they have people to turn to for support. The project was created by Dan Savage and his husband Terry Miller in 2004. It includes submissions by US President Barack Obama and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.

## Other websites

- It Gets Better Project
- Hillary Clinton: Tomorrow Will Be Better, YouTube
- Barack Obama: It Gets Better, YouTube

## Infobox (organization)

- **logo**: It Gets Better logo.svg
- **logo size**: 200px
Peppa Pig (character)

**Peppa Pig** is a cartoon character in the British animated television series _Peppa Pig_. She is the one of the children of Mummy and Daddy Pig. Peppa Pig appears in every episode.

## Infobox (character)

- **name**: Peppa Pig
- **image**: PeppaPigAldridge2009.jpg
- **first**: Muddy Puddles
- **species**: Pig
- **gender**: Female
- **portrayer**: Lily Snowden-Fine (Season 1)
Cecily Bloom (Season 2)
Harley Bird (Seasons 3-4)
Sydney Patrick (US Tickle-U version)
- **creator**: Neville Astley
Mark Baker (animator), Mark Baker
Phil Davies
Transmission medium

A **transmission medium**  is something (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) that can transmit energy. For example, the transmission medium for sounds is usually air. But sound can also be transmitted through solids and liquids. A wire can transmit electrons in the form of electricity. There are advantages and disadvantages to every transmission medium. These can be things such as cost, bandwidth (or how much of something can be transmitted), the speed of the transmission and scope.

## Telecommunications

Physical mediums: are actually wires or cables used to connect two or more devices. These can be twisted pair, coaxial and fiber optic cables. Twisted pair cables were traditionally used in telephone wire lines  and cables. But they are still widely used in networks and other uses. They are called _twisted pair_ cables because they have many small thin insulated wires twisted around each other in a balanced circuit. Twisted pair cables can contain up to 4200 pairs of wires.

## Related pages

- Luminiferous aether
Sika Anoaʻi

**Leati "Sika" Anoa'i** (April 5, 1945 – June 25, 2024) was a Samoan American professional wrestler. He was best known as one-half of the tag team The Wild Samoans with his brother Afa. He competed in many different National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) affiliates and the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF).

He was born in Leone, American Samoa and he moved with his family to San Francisco, California. Before becoming a professional wrestler, Anoa'i joined the United States Merchant Marine to help feed his family.

He started the Wild Samoan Training Facility with Afa. He has two sons, Matthew and Leati Joseph. Matthew was a professional wrestler who wrestled in the WWE under the ring name Rosey. Leati Jr. was a college football player and is now a professional wrestler who works for the WWE under the ring name Roman Reigns.

Anoaʻi died on June 25, 2024, at the age of 79 due to a prolonged illness.

## Championships

- **World Wrestling Council**
    - WWC North American Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Afa)
- **Championship Wrestling from Florida**
    - NWA Florida Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Afa)
- **Continental Wrestling Association**
    - AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Afa)
- **Georgia Championship Wrestling**
    - NWA National Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Afa)
- **Gulf Coast Championship Wrestling**
    - NWA Gulf Coast Tag Team Championship (2 times) (with Afa)
- **International Wrestling Alliance**
    - IWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Afa)
- **Mid-South Wrestling Association**
    - Mid-South Tag Team Championship (3 times) (with Afa)
- **NWA: All-Star Wrestling**
    - NWA Canadian Tag Team Championship _(Vancouver version)_ (1 time) (with Afa)
- **NWA Detroit**
    - NWA World Tag Team Championship _(Detroit version)_ (2 times) (with Afa)
- **Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame**
    - Inducted as a member of the Wild Samoans (Class of 2012)
- **Southeastern Championship Wrestling**
    - NWA Southern Tag Team Championship _(Southern Division)_ (2 times) (with Afa)
- **Stampede Wrestling**
    - Stampede Wrestling International Tag Team Championship (2 times) (with Afa)
- **World Wrestling Entertainment/World Wrestling Federation**
    - WWF Tag Team Championship (3 times) (with Afa)
    - WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2007)

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Sika Anoa'i
- **names**: Sika
- **image**: Sika Anoa‘i 1986 (cropped).png
- **caption**: Sika in 1986
- **birth place**: Leone, American Samoa, Leone, Tutuila, American Samoa
- **billed**: The Isle of Samoa
- **trainer**: Afa Anoaʻi
- **debut**: 1974
University of Puget Sound

The **University of Puget Sound** (**Puget Sound**) is a private liberal arts college in Tacoma, Washington,  United States. It offers Bachelor's, Master's and doctorate degrees. The college draws approximately 2,600 students from 44 states and 16 countries. It offers 1,200 courses each year in more than 50 areas of study. In 2012 Puget Sound was named one of 40 schools in the guide _Colleges That Change Lives: 40 Schools That Will Change the Way You Think About Colleges_. It has ties to The United Methodist Church. But the college is no longer officially affiliated with the church. The board of trustees is independently elected.
Pedro Morales

**Pedro Morales** (October 22, 1942 – February 12, 2019) was a Puerto Rican retired professional wrestler. He competed in many different National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) affiliates, Worldwide Wrestling Associates (WWA), and the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF).

While he was in the WWWF, Morales was the first male wrestler in wrestling history to win all three of the major men's titles in the company. He won the WWWF Championship, the Intercontinental Championship, and the WWF World Tag Team Championship. When he won the WWWF United States Championship, Morales became the first wrestler to hold four different titles within the promotion, a distinction which would later became known as a Grand Slam Championship.

## Death

Morales died of complications from Parkinson's disease at his Perth Amboy, New Jersey home on February 12, 2019, aged 76.

## Championships

- **American Wrestling Alliance**
    - AWA San Francisco World Tag Team Championship (2 times) (with Pepper Gomez)
- **Cauliflower Alley Club**
    - Other honoree (1994)
- **Championship Wrestling from Florida**
    - NWA Florida Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Rocky Johnson)
    - NWA Florida Television Championship (1 time)
    - NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship _(Florida version)_ (1 time)
- **NWA Mid-Pacific Promotions**
    - NWA Hawaii Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
    - NWA Hawaii Tag Team Championship (3 times) (with Bing Ki Lee (1) and Ed Francis (2))
    - NWA North American Heavyweight Championship (_Hawaii version_) (3 times)
- **NWA San Francisco**
    - NWA World Tag Team Championship (_San Francisco version_) (1 time) (with Pat Patterson)
- **Pro Wrestling Illustrated**
    - PWI Wrestler of the Year (1972)
    - He was ranked #**111** of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the PWI Years in 2003.
- **Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame**
    - Class of 2015
- **Worldwide Wrestling Associates**
    - WWA World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
    - WWA World Tag Team Championship (4 times) (with Luis Hernandez (1), Mark Lewin (1), Ricky Romero (1), and Victor Rivera (1))
- **World Wrestling Council**
    - WWC North American Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
    - WWC World Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Carlos Colón, Sr.)
- **World Wide Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Federation/WWE**
    - WWF Intercontinental Championship (2 times)
    - WWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Bob Backlund)
    - WWWF United States Championship (1 time)
    - WWWF Championship (1 time)
    - First Triple Crown Champion
    - WWF/E Hall of Fame (Class of 1995)
- **Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards**
    - Most Overrated (1981, 1982)

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Pedro Morales
- **names**: Pedro Morales
Johnny Como
Johnny Ricco
John Kilonis
- **image**: Pedro Morales as the WWWF (WWE) Champion.jpg
- **caption**: Morales during his reign as the WWE Championship, WWWF Champion in the early 1970's
- **weight**: –
- **birth place**: Culebra, Puerto Rico, Culebra, Puerto Rico
- **death place**: Perth Amboy, New Jersey, United States, U.S.
- **trainer**: Barba Roja
- **debut**: 1959
- **retired**: 1987
Dory Dixon

**Dorrel "Dory" Dixon** (born February 1, 1935) is a Jamaican retired professional wrestler. He competed in many different National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) affiliates and Mexican promotions, as well as the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF). He made his professional wrestling debut in Mexico's Empresa Mexicana de la Lucha Libre (EMLL).

Before becoming a professional wrestler, Dixon was competitive weightlifter and was the winner of the "Mr. Jamaica Body Beautiful" tournament. He was chosen to be a member of the Jamaican weightlifting team in the 1954 Central American and Caribbean Games which was held in Mexico City, Mexico. He fell in love with Mexico and he decided to stay back while the rest of the team left back to Jamaica.

Dixon would also wrestle the WWWF World Heavyweight Champion Buddy Rogers at Madison Square Garden in New York City.

## Championships

- **Empresa Mexicana de la Lucha Libre**
    - NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
- **NWA Hollywood**
    - NWA Americas Tag Team Championship (2 times) (with Earl Maynard (1) and Raúl Mata (1))
- **NWA Texas**
    - NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
    - NWA World Tag Team Championship (Texas version) (1 time) (with Rito Romero)
    - NWA Texas Tag Team Championship (2 times) (with Pepper Gomez)
- **World Class Championship Wrestling**
    - WCCW Texas Tag Team Championship (1 time) (with Nick Kozak)

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Dory Dixon
- **names**: Calypso Kid
Dorrel Dixon
**Dory Dixon**
- **birth place**: Jamaica
- **trainer**: Rafael Salamanca
- **debut**: 1955
- **retired**: 1980s
Country Road

**Country Road** was a countryband in the town of Örebro in Sweden. It was active between 1973 and 1974. The band played at the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville.

The band also charted at the Swedish album charts.

## Members

Following people were members of the band.

- Ann Persson
- Lise-Lott "Lotta"Carlsson
- Gunnar Norsten
- Kent Larsson/Larnebrant
- Ingemar Jörhag
- Björn "Bjucke" Alriksson
- Alfred "Fred" Hansen (gitarr)
- Elisabeth Lord
- Greger Agelid
- Jan Elander
- Lennart Tybell

### Albums

- Something New and Different - 1973
- Rhinestone Cowboy - 1974
- Here We Go Again - 1975
- On a Foggy Misty Morning - 1976
- Rock 'n' Roll - 1977
- Somebody's Gonna Do It - 1978
- Country Road is Back - 1981
- On the Road Again - 1982
- Too Hot to Handle - 1984

### Singles

- Never Been to Spain - 1973

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Country Road
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Örebro, Sweden
- **genre**: country music, country
- **years active**: –
- **label**: Viking Records, Viking, RCA Records, RCA, Scranta Grammofon, Scranta, Mill Records, Mill
Ulf Georgsson

**Ulf Georg Georgsson**, (22 April 1962 – 24 March 2024) was a  Swedish songwriter. As a songwriter he has participated at Melodifestivalen. He has also written songs recorded by acts like Lasse Stefanz, Vikingarna, Playtones, Drifters, Zekes, CC & Lee, Black Jack, Barbados, Friends and Frøya.

As a musician he played the drums in Flamingokvintetten since June 2013. Before that he played the drums 30 years in Bhonus.

He became the second most successful Svensktoppen composer in the year 2000. He was also appointed Svensktoppen "composer of the year" in 2001.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ulf Georgsson
- **background**: non_performing_personnel
- **birth date**: 22 April 1962
- **birth place**: Kinna Parish, Sweden
- **death date**: 24 March 2024 (age 61)
- **genre**: dansband, dansband music, schlager
- **occupation**: songwriter, musician
- **instrument**: drum kit, drums
- **years active**: early 1980s-2024
- **label**: Lionheart Music Group, Lionheart
- **associated acts**: Bhonus, Flamingokvintetten
Discrete

**Discrete** in science is the opposite of continuous: something that is separate; distinct; individual.
Discrete may refer to:
- Discrete particle or quantum in physics
- Discrete device, an electronic component with just one circuit element
- Discrete mathematics, the study of structures without continuity
- Discrete pitch, a pitch with a steady frequency
- Discrete cosine transform, a math process that can be used to make files smaller
United Methodist Church

The **United Methodist Church** (**UMC**) is a Methodist–Christian denomination that is one of the largest Protestant churches in the United States. It was founded in 1968 by the union of the Methodist Church (USA) and the Evangelical United Brethren Church. The UMC traces its roots back to the teachings of John and Charles Wesley in England. With over 8 million members and 35,000 churches it is second only to the Southern Baptist Convention among Protestant denominations. As of 2009, worldwide membership was about 12 million. It is a member of the World Council of Churches, the World Methodist Council, and other religious associations.
Rise of the Tomb Raider

***Rise of the Tomb Raider*** is an action-adventure video game. It was developed by Crystal Dynamics. It was published by Square Enix and Microsoft Studios. The game is the sequel to the 2013 video game _Tomb Raider_. It was released in November 2015 for Xbox 360 and Xbox One.

The game is set in Siberia and it follows Lara Croft and Jonah Maiava as they find an ancient city that was built by the Grand Prince of Vladimir during the 13th century.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Crystal Dynamics
(Xbox 360)
- **publisher**: Square Enix
Microsoft Studios
- **released**: November 2015
Q1 2016
Q4
- **genre**: Action-adventure game, Action-adventure
- **modes**: Single player
- **platforms**: Xbox 360
Xbox One
Microsoft Windows
PlayStation 4
Son in Law

***Son in Law*** is a 1993 American romantic comedy movie. It was directed by Steve Rash and was produced by Peter M. Lenkov and Michael Rotenberg. _Son in Law_ was released on July 2, 1993. The movie starred Pauly Shore.

The movie gained negative reviews from critics and holds a 12% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Michael Wilmington of the _Los Angeles Times_ said that the movie was trying to be a comedy version of _Guess Who's Coming to Dinner_ even thorugh the main character is genuinely a jerk.

## Cast

- Pauly Shore as Fred/"Crawl"
- Carla Gugino as Rebecca "Becca" Warner
- Lane Smith as Walter Warner
- Cindy Pickett as Connie Warner
- Mason Adams as Walter Warner, Sr.
- Patrick Renna as Zack Warner
- Tiffani Thiessen as Tracy
- Dan Gauthier as Travis
- Dennis Burkley as Theo
- Brendan Fraser as Link (uncredited)

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Son in Law
- **director**: Steve Rash
- **producer**: Peter M. Lenkov
Michael Rotenberg
- **writer**: Patrick Clifton
Susan McMartin
Peter M. Lenkov
Fax Bahr
Adam Small
Shawn Schepps
- **starring**: Pauly Shore
Carla Gugino
Lane Smith
Cindy Pickett
Tiffani Thiessen
Dan Gauthier
Patrick Renna
Dennis Burkley
Brendan Fraser
- **music**: Richard Gibbs
- **cinematography**: Peter Deming
- **editing**: Dennis M. Hill
Jerry L. Roof
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Buena Vista Pictures
- **studio**: Walt Disney Pictures
Hollywood Pictures
- **released**: July 2, 1993
- **runtime**: 95 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $20 million
- **gross**: $36,448,400
The Dick Van Dyke Show

***The Dick Van Dyke Show*** is an American situation comedy television series. It premiered on CBS on October 3, 1961. The series lasted for 158 half-hour episodes. The show came to an end on June 1, 1966 and is no longer airing. that same year, CBS began broadcasting in color. The show was created and produced by Carl Reiner. The executive producer was Sheldon Leonard. The show starred Dick Van Dyke, Mary Tyler Moore, Rose Marie and Morey Amsterdam. It was about a fictional television comedy writer, Rob Petrie (Van Dyke). The series won 15 Emmy Awards. In 1997, the episodes "Coast-to-Coast Big Mouth" and "It May Look Like a Walnut" were ranked at 8 and 15 on _TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time_. In 2002, it was ranked at 13 on _TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time_.

In 1991, Nick at Nite began airing reruns, and continued airing until 2000, when it was removed from the lineup. It also aired on TV Land from 2000 to 2007, and again from 2011 to 2013.

In 1993, Bud Light launched its Rob and Laura campaign, and continued until 1998. The 30-second black and white spots feature a clip from an episode of The Dick Van Dyke Show. The spot closes with the narrator saying "For the great taste that won't fill you up and never lets you down, Make it a Bud Light".
Encino Man

***Encino Man*** (known as ***California Man*** in Europe) is a 1992 American comedy movie. It was directed by Les Mayfield and was produced by George Zaloom, Hilton A. Green, and Michael Rotenberg. _Encino Man_ was released on May 22, 1992. The movie is about two teenagers from Encino, Los Angeles, California, who discover a caveman in their backyard that is frozen in a block of ice. The caveman has to try and learn to live in the 20th century. A television movie spin-off titled _Encino Woman_ was released in 1996.

The movie gained negative reviews from movie critics and holds a 16% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Pauly Shore won a Razzie Award for Worst New Star.

## Cast

- Sean Astin as David "Dave" Morgan
- Brendan Fraser as Linkovich "Link" Chomovsky
- Pauly Shore as Stanley "Stoney" Brown
- Megan Ward as Robyn Sweeney
- Robin Tunney as Ella
- Michael DeLuise as Matt Wilson
- Patrick Van Horn as Phil
- Dalton James as Will
- Rick Ducommun as Mr. Brush
- Jonathan Quan as Kim
- Rose McGowan as Nora
- Michole White as Kathleen
- Mariette Hartley as Mrs. Morgan
- Richard Masur as Mr. Morgan
- Ellen Blain as Tenna Morgan
- Sandra Hess as Cave Nug
- Mike Diamente as Steve Morgan
- Erick Avari as Raji
- Gerry Bednob as Kashmir

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Encino Man
- **director**: Les Mayfield
- **producer**: George Zaloom
Hilton A. Green
Michael Rotenberg
- **writer**: George Zaloom
Shawn Schepps
- **starring**: Sean Astin
Brendan Fraser
Pauly Shore
- **music**: J. Peter Robinson
- **cinematography**: Robert Brinkmann
- **editing**: Michael Kelly
Eric A. Sears
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Buena Vista Pictures
- **studio**: Walt Disney Pictures
Hollywood Pictures
- **released**: May 22, 1992
- **runtime**: 88 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $7 million
- **gross**: $40,693,477
Forest-Montiers

**Forest-Montiers** is a commune. It is in the region Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in the north of France.