juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jihadist flag

The **jihadist flag** is a flag used commonly by Islamist movements as a symbol of jihad. The jihadist flag usually is the Black Standard with writing of the Shahada in a calligraphy style. The flag was adopted by Islamist and Jihadist movements in the 1990s to early 2000s.

Groups that have used a flag similar to the jihadist flag are:

- al-Qaeda
- Daesh
- Al-Shabaab
- Ahrar al-Sham
- Chechen Mujhaideen
- Hizbul Islam
- Taliban which uses a inverted version
- Palestinian Islamic Jihad

## Daesh variant

The version used by Daesh depicts the second part of the shahada using the historical seal of Muhammad.

In 2014, the former British Prime Minister David Cameron said that anybody showing the flag of Daesh in the UK should be arrested per the Terrorism Act 2000.

The flag has also been banned from being used in the Netherlands since August of 2014.

The use of the Daesh flag is banned in Germany for non-educational purposes has been illegal in Germany since September of 2014.

Austria proposed a similar ban in the same month after Germany banned the flag of Daesh.
Lauriston, New Zealand

**Lauriston** is a lightly populated settlement in the Ashburton District, New Zealand. It is roughly 20 kilometers southwest of Rakaia and 15 kilometers east of Methven. It has a primary school that opened in 1883. In early 1999 the catchment included students from Lyndhurst school after their closure.
Osman, Iran

**Osman** is a village in the Qaleh Shahin Rural District, in the Central District (Sarpol-e Zahab County), Kermanshah Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, the population of the village is 218 and is mainly made of Kurdish peoples.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Osman
- **native name**: عثمان
- **settlement type**: village
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Kermanshah Province, Kermanshah
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Sarpol-e Zahab County, Sarpol-e Zahab
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Sarpol-e Zahab County), Central
- **subdivision type4**: Rural Districts of Iran, Rural District
- **subdivision name4**: Qaleh Shahin Rural District, Qaleh Shahin
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 218
- **population density km2**: auto
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
Henry Gujer

**Henry Gujer** was a Swiss basketball player. He was one of those who competed in the men's tournament in the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was born on the 25th of April 1920 and died on the 4th of November 2017 at the age of 97.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Henry Gujer
- **nationality**: Swiss
- **birth date**: 25 April 1920
- **sport**: Basketball
Shahrak-e Sarab Nilufar

**Shahrak-e Sarab Nilufar** is a village in the Baladarband Rural District in the Central District of Kermansah County, Kermanshah province, Iran. According to the 2006 Iranian census, the population of the village was 1,018 people with 249 families.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Shahrak-e Sarab Nilufar
- **native name**: شهرك سراب نيلوفر
- **settlement type**: village
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Kermanshah Province, Kermanshah
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Kermanshah County, Kermanshah
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Kermanshah County), Central
- **subdivision type4**: Rural Districts of Iran, Rural District
- **subdivision name4**: Baladarband Rural District, Baladarband
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 1,018
- **population density km2**: auto
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
Reem Riyashi

**Reem Riyashi** was a Palestinian suicide bomber from Gaza City who is well known for killing herself and 4 Israelis at a border crossing. She was born in the year 1981 on a unknown date and died on the 14th of January 2004. The suicide bombing was premediated by Hamas and Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades in a joint operation in response to Israeli invasions into cities in the West Bank which left 25 civilians dead.

## Bombing

Riyashi blew up a 2 kilogram bomb inside a building where Palestinians are processed so they can work in an industrial zone inside of Israel. The IDF claimed that when she went through the metal detector, she pretended to have a leg injury and said she had metal plates in her leg which would set off the alarm. She asked to be body searched instead. After being taken to a bag checking area, a woman was sent to search her and then she blew up her suicide bomb.

Two IDF soldiers, one Israeli policeman, and an Israeli worker at the facility were killed. 7 other Israelis and 4 Palestinians were injured.

### Killed

- Reem Riyashi, mother from Gaza City.
- 20 year old IDF soldier Tzur Or from Rishon Lezion
- 19 year old policeman Andrei Kegeles from Nahariya
- 29 year old worker Gal Shapira from Ashkelon
- 22 year old IDF soldier Vladimir Trostinsky from Rehovot

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Reem Riyashi
- **caption**: Riyashi holding an AK-47 in an undated photo.
- **birth name**: Reem Saleh Riyashi
- **birth date**: 1981
- **death place**: Erez Crossing, Southern District (Israel), Southern District, Israel
- **death cause**: Suicide attack, Suicide bombing
- **children**: 2
Titan triggerfish

The **titan triggerfish**, **giant triggerfish** or **mustache triggerfish** (_Balistoides viridescens_) is a large triggerfish found in most of the Indo-Pacific. It is sometimes called the biggest triggerfish species, but that title goes to the unrelated stone triggerfish.

## Behavior

This big beast is diurnal, usually eating sea urchins, crustaceans, tube worms and coral. It can flip rocks, stir up some sand, and bite off pieces of branching coral. This is why other smaller fish species are often seen following it. This is because they feed on the detritus that has been stirred up by the titan triggerfish.

## Interaction with humans

Though titan triggerfish are usually wary of people swimming around, females can be territorial and aggressive around their nests.

## References

1. <small>Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2010). "_Balistoides viridescens_" in FishBase. 1 2010 version.</small>

## Other websites

- Photos of Titan triggerfish on Sealife Collection
Franz Balzer

**Franz Balzer** (2 November 1893 - 18 October 1924) was an Austrian footballer. He played as defender for SK Rapid Wien. After his career he was coach with Wiener AC and Vienna Cricket and Football-Club.

## Honours

Austrian championː  1913, 1916, 1917

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Franz Balzer
- **fullname**: Franz Balzer
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **years1**: 1912-1918
- **clubs1**:  SK Rapid Wien
- **caps1**: 45
- **goals1**: 2
- **managerclubs1**: SC Wacker Wien
- **managerclubs2**: Vienna Cricket and Football-Club
Be Tender with Me Baby

"**Be Tender with Me Baby**" is a 1990 song by Tina Turner. It was written by Albert Hammond and produced by Dan Hartman. It was taken from her seventh studio album _Foreign Affair_ and was released in the United Kingdom and Europe only. It went to number 28 in the United Kingdom, number 4 in Portugal and number 18 in Ireland.

## Track listings

- **UK 7-inch and cassette single**
1. "Be Tender with Me Baby" (LP version) – 4:18
1. "Be Tender with Me Baby" (live edit) – 4:03

- **UK 12-inch single**
1. "Be Tender with Me Baby" (LP version) – 4:18
1. "You Know Who (Is Doing You Know What)" (LP version) – 3:45
1. "Be Tender with Me Baby" (live) – 7:04

- **UK CD single**
1. "Be Tender with Me Baby" (LP version) – 4:18
1. "Be Tender with Me Baby" (live) – 7:04
1. "You Know Who (Is Doing You Know What)" (LP version) – 3:45

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Be Tender with Me Baby
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Tina Turner
- **album**: Foreign Affair (Tina Turner album), Foreign Affair
- **b-side**: "You Know Who (Is Doing You Know What)"
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **length**: 4:18
- **label**: Capitol Records, Capitol
- **writer**: * Albert Hammond
* Holly Knight
- **producer**: Dan Hartman
- **prev title**: Foreign Affair (Tina Turner song), Foreign Affair
- **prev year**: 1990
- **next title**: It Takes Two (Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston song), It Takes Two
- **next year**: 1990
Healthcare in Iran

**Healthcare in Iran** has the public-governmental system, the private sector, and NGO<nowiki/>s.

Total health spending was equivalent to 6% of GDP in Iran in 2017. About 90% of Iranians have some form of health insurance. Iran is the only country with a legal organ trade. Organ donation is called gifting of organs and not sale and purchase.

In 2016, Bloomberg News ranked Iran 30th most efficient healthcare system ahead of the United States and Brazil.

Iran has developed public health preventive services with a Primary Health Care Network. Child and maternal mortality rates have fallen significantly, and life expectancy at birth has risen remarkably. Infant mortality was 28.6 in 1,000 live births and under-five mortality was 35.6 per 1,000 live births in 2000. In 1970 they were 122 per 1,000 and 191 per 1,000. Immunization of children is accessible to most of the urban and rural population.

It is  a centre for cosmetic surgery. It was 12th in the world for the number of cosmetic surgery procedures in 2022. 320,000 were recorded. 80% are for women. Rhinoplasty is the most common.  Babak Nikoumaram, chair of the Iranian Society of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgeons said. “Incongruous western beauty standards are forced upon Iranians.” He says many operations are not counted in those numbers.  About 8.5% of plastic surgery clients in Iran came from other countries in 2022. The price is lower than in Western countries.
Allegory of the cave

Plato's **Allegory of the Cave** describes prisoners who have lived in a cave, seeing only shadows of objects. A freed prisoner initially struggles to see the real world, but gradually adjusts, culminating in being able to look directly at the sun. Upon returning to the cave, the freed prisoner is temporarily blinded, causing prisoners to misunderstand the value of the journey. The allegory is related to Plato's theory of Forms, and can be interpreted from both an epistemological and political standpoint, representing the contrast between the philosopher's understanding and human nature or political corruption.
Nataruk

Nataruk is a prehistoric battle site in Kenya. It is located just southwest of Lake Turkana. It has the bones of people. The bones are from the second oldest battle in human history. The date is about c.7,550–8,550 BC. This battle used arrows and clubs. East of Turkana and near Nataruk, there was the Lake Turkana. The lake is much larger than now. It was important for food: many fish, flamingos, deer, and other animals. The area was full of resources for the hunter gatherers. They left lots of pottery, fishing tools, nets, etc.

## Discovery

When archaeologists and scientists studied the bones, they found a lot of skeletal damage. The damage was in the ribs, hands, knees, neck, and skull. Remains of 27 people were found there; 6 young children, 1 teenager, and 20 adults, but not all of them were wounded.

The attackers are believed to be using projectiles, or arrows. The arrows made a 'pierced' damage in the bones. Two other weapons were wooden clubs and spiked rocky clubs.

The battle at Nataruk was not for power, but for survival, as people competed for resources around Lake Turkana (especially when it's full of resources).

The first archaeological group leader to discover this prehistoric site is _Marta Mirazón Lahr_.

## Infobox (ancient site)

- **name**: Nataruk
- **image**: 2. Excavations at NATARUK.jpg
- **caption**: The site of Nataruk taken during excavations
- **map type**: Kenya
- **map caption**: Location in Kenya
- **relief**: yes
- **location**: Turkana County, Kenya
- **region**: Lake Turkana
- **discovered**: 2012
- **excavations**: from 2012
- **archaeologists**: Marta Mirazón Lahr
- **notes**: Dated to 9,500–10,500 Before Present, BP
(7,550–8,550 BC)
Onchopristis

***Onchopristis*** is an extinct genus of giant sawskate that lived during the Cretaceous of North Africa, Europe, and North America. It is probably the most well-known sclerorhynchoid.

Throughout the years, people thought _Onchopristis_ was a ginormous sawfish. However, studies show that this is not the case. It is on the menu for the _Spinosaurus_.

_Onchopristis_ was named by Ernst Stromer in 1917. Although the spelling "_Onchopristis numidus_" is commonly used, it is grammatically incorrect and the name of the species is literally _Onchopristis numida_.

The two species of _Onchopristis_ are ***Onchopristis numida*** and ***Onchopristis dunklei***.

## Etymology

Its name is derived from the Ancient Greek _ónkos_ (ὄγκος, 'barb') and _prístis_ (πρίστις, 'saw' or 'sawfish').

## Description

As mentioned earlier, _Onchopristis_ was a large sawskate from the Cretaceous. This beast had a long rostrum with a few denticles. Its snout was used to impale prey or cut them do their death.

## Classification

- _Onchopristis numida_ <small>Haug, 1905</small> (type species)
- _Onchopristis dunklei_ <small>McNulty and Slaughter, 1962</small>

## Related pages

- Triggerfish
- Baharipristis
- Cimolichthys
- Pleuropholidae
- Balistomorphus
- List of prehistoric bony fish genera

## References

1. <small>Hunt, R.K.; Santucci, V.L.; Kenworthy, J. (2006). "A preliminary inventory of fossil fish from National Park Service units". _New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin_. **34**: 63–69.</small>
1. <small>Haug, E. (1905). _Documents scientifiques de la mission saharienne, mission Foureau-Lamy d'Alger au Congo par le Tchad. Fascicule 3_. Paris: Masson. pp. 751–832.</small>
1. <small>"What is the maximum size potential for an _Onchopristis_ if it were alive today?". _Quora_.</small>
1. <small>"Onchopristis Numidus Fossil Sawfish For Sale". _Fossil Age Minerals_.</small>
1. <small>Villalobos-Segura, E.; Kriwet, J.; Vullo, R.; Stumpf, S.; Ward, D.J.; Underwood, C.J. (2021). "The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †_Onchopristis_ (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications". _Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society_. **193** (2): 746–771.</small>
1. <small>Thurmond, J.T. (1971). "Cartilaginous fishes of the Trinity Group and related rocks (Lower Cretaceous) of north central Texas" (PDF). _Southeastern Geology_. **13** (4): 207–227.</small>
1. <small>Stromer, E. (1927). "Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. II. Wirbeltierreste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 9. Die Plagiostomen mit einem Anhang über käno- und mesozoische Rückenflossenstacheln von Elasmobranchiern" (PDF). _Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung_. **31** (5): 1–64.</small>
2004 Erez Crossing bombing

The **Erez Crossing bombing** was a suicide bombing which happened on the 14th of January 2004, at the border crossing/cargo terminal Erez Crossing located on the border of Israel and the Gaza Strip. 4 Israelis were killed and 10 people (4 of them Palestinian) were injured in the bombing.

Both Hamas and the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claimed responsibility for the attack claiming the attack as a joint operation against Israel for killing 25 Palestinian civilians.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: Erez Crossing bombing
- **image**: ErezCrossing.jpg
- **partof**: the Second Intifada
- **caption**: Erez Crossing, 2005
- **location**: Erez Crossing, Southern District (Israel), Southern District, Israel
- **time**: 9:30 am
- **type**: Suicide bombing
- **fatalities**: 4 Israelis (+1 bomber)
- **injuries**: 10
- **perps**: Hamas and Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades claimed responsibility with Reem Riyashi, Reem Riyashi (ra) as the suicide bomber
Kenorland

**Kenorland** was a SuperContinent that existed around 2.71 and 2.48-2.45 billion years ago. It had parts of the Former Continent Ur (present day northwest Australia and Madagascar) It later merged into Pangaea and Gondwanaland.
Baharipristis

***Baharipristis*** is an extinct genus of Cretaceous sawskate with one unique species called ***Baharipristis bastetiae***. It was described from the Cenomanian-aged Bahariya Formation of Gebel Ghorabi, Egypt.

## Description

Not much is known about this fish. However, we do know that like most members of the Ganopristidae and also the whole Sclerorhynchoidei, it had a long rostrum with denticles.

## Related pages

- Balistes
- Onchopristis
- Long-finned pike
- Three-spined stickleback
- List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera

## References

1. <small>Wueringer, B. E., Squire, L., & Collin, S. P. (2009). The biology of extinct and extant sawfish (Batoidea: Sclerorhynchidae and Pristidae). _Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries_, _19_(4), 445.</small>
1. <small>"Fossilsawfish.com". _Fossilsawfish.com_. Retrieved 2020-10-04.</small>
Balistes

***Balistes*** is a genus of triggerfish.

## Species

Four species are recognized in this genus:

- _Balistes capriscus_ <small>J. F.</small> <small>Gmelin</small><small>, 1789</small> (Gray triggerfish)
- _Balistes polylepis_ <small>Steindachner, 1876</small> (Finescale triggerfish)
- _Balistes punctatus_ <small>J. F. Gmelin, 1789</small> (Bluespotted triggerfish)
- _Balistes vetula_ <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> (queen triggerfish)

### Fossil species

- †_Balistes dubius_ <small>Blainville, 1818</small> (Middle Miocene)
- †_Balistes vegai_ <small>Lopez, Carr & Lorenzo, 2019</small> (Miocene)

### Grey triggerfish

The grey triggerfish is a species of triggerfish. It is a small fish, usually less than 2.3 kg (5.1 lb). The premaxilla and maxilla form a robust unit and this in turn is attached by a ligament to the vomer and ethmoid. The upper jaw, however, is not protrusible.

### Finescale triggerfish

The finescale triggerfish is a kind of triggerfish that is found in the Pacific coast of the Americas from northern California southwards to central Chile, including the Galápagos Islands.

### Bluespotted triggerfish

The bluespotted triggerfish is a species of triggerfish from the Eastern Atlantic.

### Queen triggerfish

The queen triggerfish is a triggerfish found in the Atlantic Ocean. It is blue, purple, turquoise and green with a yellowish throat, and light blue lines on the fins and head.

## Related pages

- Titan triggerfish
- Balistomorphus
- Heterolepidotus
- Onchopristis
- Amphiperca

## References

1. <small>L. F. de Beaufort (1926). "On a collection of marine fishes from the Miocene of South Celebes". In H. A. Brouwer (ed.), _Geologische Onderzoekingen in den Oostelijken Oost-Indischen Archiepel_ 117-148.</small>
1. <small>"Balistes". _WetWebMedia_.</small>
1. <small>Matsuura, Keiichi (2014). "Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: a review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014". _Ichthyological Research_.</small>
1. <small>"Gray Triggerfish". _NOAA Fisheries_.</small>
1. <small>Viñola Lopez, Lazaro W.; Carr, Richard; Lorenzo, Logel (2020-10-20). "First occurrence of fossil Balistes (Tetradontiformes: Balistidae) from the Miocene of Cuba with the description of a new species and a revision of fossil Balistes". _Historical Biology_.</small>

## Other websites

- Media related to _Balistes_ at Wikimedia Commons
Crown green bowls

**Crown green bowls** is a type of bowls. It is played outdoors on grass or artificial turf. It is named crown green because of the raised center of the grass.

Crown green bowls is played in the Midlands, Northern England, and North Wales.

## History

The game of bowls started in 3200 BC in Ancient Egypt. It was a type of boules. Crown Green was developed from the 15th to 18th century. Rich players wanted to play bowls in gardens. Poorer players played the game in parks. The less flat surfaces led to Crown Green rules. The _British Crown Green Amateur Association_ was created in 1907. This association created standard rules for the game. Lancashire is the oldest bowling county association in England.

### Equipment

The game has very little equipment apart from the playing surface. It has a small ball called a "jack". The jack is the target to throw at. The jack can be white or yellow. The players roll larger balls (known as "bowls" or "woods") at the jack. The bowls were historically black or brown. Recently, these can be in any colour. The bowls are heavier on one side. The heavier side is known as the _bias_. When rolled forward, the bowl will turn left or right towards the bias. At the end of the area where the game is being played is a small channel called the "ditch". There is also a rectangular carpet called a "mat". The person playing has to stand on the mat. Unlike other types of bowls, the playing surface isn't flat.

### Rules

The player has to stand on the mat. Teams of up to four players compete. The players are named by what position they are in order. The first player is the "lead". The next two are "second" and "third". The last player being called a "skip". The skip usually starts at the other end of the area until their turn to play. The bowls are heavier on one side. The heavier side is known as the _bias_. When rolled forward, the bowl will turn left or right towards the bias.

## Infobox (sport)

- **name**: Crown green bowls
- **alt**: A crown green bowls player walks across the bowling green towards his two bowls and jack
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: The aim of crown green bowls is to get your 2 larger bowls as close to the smaller jack as possible
- **union**: British Crown Green Bowling Association (BCGBA)
- **nickname**: Crown green, Crown
- **first**: 1888 (first governing body)
- **region**: Midlands, North of England, Isle of Man and North Wales.
- **registered**: 200,000
- **clubs**: 3,000
- **contact**: No
- **team**: Single competitors or pairs.
- **mgender**: Yes
- **type**: Outdoor, bowls
- **equipment**: Players use two woods each, a jack, and a portable mat.
- **venue**: Bowling green
- **olympic**: No
- **paralympic**: No
Gaan-Ngai

**Gaan-Ngai** is a festival of the KABUI TRIBES OF MANIPUR. It is also celebrated in Assam, Manipur and Nagaland states in North Eastern India. It is a festival of light. It is a post harvest festival.

## Observance

Gaan-Ngai is a festival of light. It celebrates the victory of light over evil. It welcomes the coming of fire. It is a harvest festival. It is celebrated to thank the God Tingkao Ragwang. It announces the start of a new year.

The festival is usually celebrated in the month of November or December. Some times it might be celebrated later in January.  The festival is also called as Hega Ngi and Chaga Ngi or Chaga Gadi by the tribal people.

## Background

The people who celebrates this festival believes that, Life was created on earth by Tingkao Ragwang, the creator god. There was no cooked food to eat. After praying to god, the god gave fire. The fire was used to cook rice. The festival is celebrated to honor the same. The festival is celebrated for five days.

## Practices

Festival include various rituals, prayers and festivities. God is offered the first taste of meals and drinks. God is taken on a procession. Various games and sports are conducted. A new fire is produced using bamboo wood to cook. Fire means bright future. Food and meat are distributed to all. The festival also honors those who died in previous year. Graves are decorated and offerings are made. This enables the souls to go to heaven. Music, dance and songs are also part of the festival.

## Infobox (holiday)

- **holiday name**: Gaan-Ngai
- **image**: GaanNgai 20140113 3 15.jpg
- **caption**: Gaan-Ngai celebration
- **significance**: Harvest festival
- **date**: November-December
- **duration**: Several days
- **frequency**: Annual
Campbelltown, South Australia

**Campbelltown** is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is 8.7 km northeast of Adelaide.
Fagundes, Paraíba

**Fagundes** is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Fagundes, Paraíba
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **image skyline**: Praca zuca ferreira fagundeas pb.JPG
- **image flag**: Bandeira fagundes.PNG
- **image seal**: Brasão_Fagundes-PB.jpg
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Brazil
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Brazil, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast
- **subdivision type2**: States of Brazil, State
- **subdivision name2**: Paraíba
- **subdivision type3**: Mesoregion
- **subdivision name3**: Agreste Paraibano
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 11,215
- **timezone**: Time in Brazil, BRT
- **utc offset**: −3
Bradley Fighting Vehicle

The M2 Bradley and the M3 Bradley are the two combat vehicles, and sometimes called _tanks_, in a family of tanks called **Bradley fighting vehicles**.

- M2 Bradley, a type of infantry fighting vehicle, which are _armoured fighting vehicle_s.

The **Bradley fighting vehicle** is an armored vehicle in service with the United States army. The Bradley is made for use by infantry.

The Bradley comes in two types, the M2 Bradley Infantry Fighting vehicle and the M3 Bradley Cavalry Fighting Vehicle. It is currently being manufactured by BAE systems.

It is lightly armored and fully tracked. It is adequately armoured to protect against small arms and artillery fragments. The bradley has good cross country mobility being fast enough to keep up with the m1 abrams.The Bradley's main armament is the 25mm m242 chain gun and anti tank TOW missiles. The main gun along with the missiles are useful against most armored targets. The TOW missile system can destroy lightly armored vehicles up to 2.3 miles away. It's firing ports are armed with several mounted m16 rifles. The M2 version can contain infantry that can dismount and fight on foot.

## Specifications

Service:
- US Army
- UAF

Engine: Cummins VTA-903T diesel

Armament: 25 mm M242 chain gun; TOW anti-tank missile; 7.62 mm M240C machine gun

Crew: 3 crew, 6-man infantry squad

Range: 300 miles

Maximum Speed: 41 mph

Combat history: In January 2024, a video showed a pair of M2A2 Bradleys fighting and disabling a Russian T-90M tank at close range in Stepove (map), Pokrovsk raion, Ukraine.

Like the previous M113 vehicle family the BFV will eventually be the base of a large range of support vehicles.
Carmignano di Brenta

**Carmignano di Brenta** is a _comune_ in the Province of Padua in the Veneto region in Italy.

## Twin towns

Carmignano di Brenta is twinned with:
- Albbruck, Germany, since 1959

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Carmignano di Brenta
- **official name**: Comune di Carmignano di Brenta
- **image skyline**: Carmignano, cartiera Biga (xilografia).jpg
- **image flag**: Carmignano di Brenta-Gonfalone.svg
- **image shield**: Carmignano di Brenta-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Veneto
- **province**: Province of Padua, Padua (PD)
- **frazioni**: Camazzole
- **mayor party**: Centre-right coalition (Italy), centre-right
- **mayor**: Alessandro Bolis
- **area total km2**: 14.68
- **population total**: 7609
- **population as of**: 31 May 2017
- **population demonym**: Carmignanesi
- **elevation m**: 46
- **istat**: 028023
- **saint**: The Madonna, Madonna Assunta
- **day**: August 15
- **postal code**: 35010
- **area code**: 049
Albbruck

**Albbruck** is a municipality in Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is on the southwestern border with Switzerland.

## Twin towns

Albbruck is twinned with:
- Carmignano di Brenta, Italy, since 1959

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Albbruck COA.svg
- **image photo**: Salpeterhaus Birkingen.JPG
- **image plan**: Albbruck in WT.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Freiburg
- **district**: Waldshut
- **elevation**: 324
- **area**: 39.69
- **postal code**: 79774
- **area code**: 07753
- **licence**: WT
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 3 37 002
- **mayor**: Stefan Kaiser
- **party**: independent
Antena 1 (Romania)

**Antena 1** () is a Romanian free-to-air television network owned by the Antena TV Group, part of the Intact Media Group. Its programming consists of television news programs, soap opera shows, football matches, entertainment programmes, movies and television series.

## Current Programs

The station's top-rated local productions include entertainment shows, news programs and TV series.

### News

Observator (news program)
Observator is Antena 1's daily newscast (that airs at the Observator 12 from Monday to Friday) it is one of the most watched newscasts in Romania. It has fifth daily editions, starting at 6.00 AM, 12.00 PM on weekdays or 1 PM on weekend, 5.00 PM, 7.00 PM, and 11.00 PM/11.30 PM. Its flagship daily evening newscast is Observator 19.00, anchored by Alessandra Stoicescu on weekdays, and Nadina Cămpean on weekend.

The daily morning edition of Observator is broadcast at 6.00 AM. Its hosts are Iuliana Pepene and Bogdan Alecsandru on weekdays, Mihai Jurca and Andra Petrescu on weekend are the hosts for Observator 6.00 AM. Florin Căruceru and Mădălina Iacob are the hosts for Observator 13.00. From Monday to Friday, Mihaela Călin, Olivia Păunescu and Valentin Butnaru are the hosts for Observator 12.00, Valentin Butnaru and Oana Ormenișan are anchoring the broadcast at 17:00. Also, from Monday to Thursday, Observator has a nightly news edition, hosted by Marius Pancu.

On November 28, 2016, when Antena 1 launched its own HD feed, Observator debuted a new set, which includes a new studio, a new logo, opening theme and a new graphics package. The Observator website, observator.tv, was also relaunched at the end of November 2016. On April 19, 2020, Observator came with a new graphics package and its website changed its name and domain to observatornews.ro, launching also a news application.

### Original TV Series

|colspan=4|Antena 1 Original TV Series|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|_Ana, Mi-ai fost scrisă în ADN_|3|2025|Thursday at 20:30 (EET)|

#### Variety shows

|colspan=4|Antena 1 variety shows|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|_Neatza cu Răzvan și Dani_|18|2008|Monday−Friday at 08:00 (EET)|
|_Mireasa_|13|2020|Monday−Friday at 14:00 (EET)|
|_Power Couple_|3|2024|Monday−Wednesday at 20:30 (EET)|
|_Survivor România_|7|2020|Friday at 20:30 (EET) Saturday−Sunday at 20:00 (EET)|

## Other websites

- Antena 1
- Observator

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Antena 1
- **logo**: Antena 1 Logo (2022-present).svg
- **logo size**: 180px
- **owner**: Antena TV Group (Intact Media Group)
- **picture format**: 1080i HDTV

- **country**: Romania
- **area**: Romania
- **sister channels**: Antena Stars
Antena 3 CNN
Happy Channel (Romanian TV channel), Happy Channel
ZU TV
Antena Internaţional
- **website**:
Bernau im Schwarzwald

**Bernau im Schwarzwald** is a municipality in Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU Bernau im Schwarzwald COA.svg
- **image skyline**: Bernau im Schwarzwald mit Blick auf Bernau-Dorf.jpg
- **image plan**: Bernau im Schwarzwald in WT.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Freiburg
- **district**: Waldshut
- **elevation**: 893
- **area**: 38.04
- **postal code**: 79872
- **area code**: 07675
- **licence**: WT
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 3 37 013
- **mayor**: Alexander Schönemann
- **leader term**: 2018–26
Pro Cinema

**Pro Cinema** () is a Romanian movie channel that launched on April 19, 2004. It is owned by Central European Media Enterprises. It was the first Romanian TV channel dedicated exclusively to movies, and as such it attracted a significant audience from its very inception, mainly in the 21-54 urban demographic. Contrary to most indigenous channels, Pro Cinema aired a wide array of movies, ranging from Romanian and international classics to recent American blockbusters. The channel introduced popular contemporary series such as _The Sopranos_, _Monk_, _Alarm für Cobra 11_, _Two and a Half Men_ or _The Shield_, but also aired older sitcoms such as _Seinfeld_ (currently aired by Pro Arena) and _Friends_, which were formerly broadcast by Pro TV. Pro Cinema also aired shows such as _Saturday Night Live_ and various documentaries featuring famous actors and directors.

From January 2015, Pro Cinema broadcasts only movies, while the series and the documentaries were moved to other sister channels (mostly, they were moved to Acasă Gold).

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Pro Cinema
- **logo**: PRO Cinema Logo (2022-present).png
- **logo size**: 220px
- **picture format**: 16:9 (576i, SDTV/1080i, HDTV)
- **owner**: Central European Media Enterprises
- **country**: Romania
- **headquarters**: Bucharest
- **sister channels**: Pro TV
Acasă, Acasă TV
Pro Arena
Acasă Gold
Pro TV Internațional
- **website**: [https://procinema.protv.ro/ www.procinema.ro]
- **terr serv 1**: Romania
- **terr chan 1**: Channel 754
Oak Grove, Missouri

**Oak Grove** is a city in Jackson and Lafayette counties in the U.S. state of Missouri.
River Bend, Missouri

**River Bend** is a village in Jackson County, Missouri, United States.
Sibley, Missouri

**Sibley** is a village in Jackson County, Missouri, United States.
Unity Village, Missouri

**Unity Village** is a village in Jackson County, Missouri, United States.
Evergreen, Missouri

**Evergreen** is a village in Laclede County, Missouri, United States.
Phillipsburg, Missouri

**Phillipsburg** is a village in Laclede County, Missouri, United States.
Blackburn, Missouri

**Blackburn** is a city in Lafayette and Saline counties in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Emma, Missouri

**Emma** is a city in Lafayette and Saline counties in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Freistatt, Missouri

**Freistatt** is a village in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States.
Halltown, Missouri

**Halltown** is a village in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States.
Hoberg, Missouri

**Hoberg** is a village in Lawrence County, Missouri, United States.
Chain of Rocks, Missouri

**Chain of Rocks** is a village in Lincoln County, Missouri, United States.
Fountain N' Lakes, Missouri

**Fountain N' Lakes** is a village in Lincoln County, Missouri, United States.
Silex, Missouri

**Silex** is a village in Lincoln County, Missouri, United States.
Truxton, Missouri

**Truxton** is a village in Lincoln County, Missouri, United States.
Whiteside, Missouri

**Whiteside** is a village in Lincoln County, Missouri, United States.
Browning, Missouri

**Browning** is a city in Linn and Sullivan counties in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Sir Victor Windeyer

Prior of March 1972, Justice of the High Court of Australia
Akhtar Raza Khan

**Akhtar Raza Khan**  (Urdu: ; February 1, 1943–July 20,  2018) popularly known as **Azhari Mian** and **Tajush Shari’ah** among his followers was an Indian Islamic scholar and Cleric belonged to Dargah Aala Hazrat. He is the descendant of Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, the founder of the Barelvi movement. He was the Grand Mufti of India succeeding his maternal Grandfather Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri. He was ranked at the 22nd position in The 500 Most Influential Muslims globally in the 2014–2015 version of book.
Green City, Missouri

**Green City** is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States.
Greencastle, Missouri

**Greencastle** is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States.
Newtown, Missouri

**Newtown** is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States.
Humphreys, Missouri

**Humphreys** is a village in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States.
Osgood, Missouri

**Osgood** is a village in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States.
Pollock, Missouri

**Pollock** is a village in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States.
Estonian Business School

**Estonian Business School (EBS)** is a private, higher-education university in Tallinn, Estonia. It offers business-related higher education in bachelor, master and doctoral levels. Estonian Business School also has a high school, named EBS Gümnaasium which offers high school education from 10th to 12th grade.
Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)

The **Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MVD of Russia)** is a federal government law-enforcement agency in Russia.

It is responsible for public order, fighting crime, policing, traffic safety, migration control, and drug enforcement. The MVD manages the police, runs criminal investigations, and provides forensic and operational support. It also works with other security and justice agencies.

The ministry is part of the executive branch and reports to the President of Russia. Its current structure was formed after reforms in the 2010s, when some functions were moved to other agencies and migration and drug control were added to the MVD.

(**MVD**; , _Ministerstvo vnutrennikh del_) is the interior ministry of Russia.

The MVD is responsible for law enforcement in Russia through its agencies the Police of Russia, Migration Affairs, Drugs Control, Traffic Safety, the Centre for Combating Extremism, and the Investigative Department.

The MVD is headquartered in Yakimanka, Moscow.

Vladimir Kolokoltsev has been the Minister of Internal Affairs since 2012.

## List of ministers (since 1992)

|colspan=3|Minister|Party|colspan=2|Term of office|colspan=2|President||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="background:;"|||General of the army **Viktor Yerin**|Independent|15 January 1992|30 June 1995|rowspan=6 style="background:;"||rowspan=6|Boris Yeltsin||
|style="background:;"|||General of the army **Anatoly Kulikov**|Independent|7 July 1995|23 March 1998||||||
|style="background:;"|||_Colonel general **Pavel Maslov** (acting)_|Independent|23 March 1998|30 March 1998||||||
|style="background:;"|||Colonel general **Sergei Stepashin**|Independent|30 March 1998|12 May 1999||||||
|style="background:;"|||_Colonel general **Vladimir Vasilyev** (acting)_|Independent|12 May 1999|21 May 1999||||||
|rowspan=2 style="background:;"||rowspan=2||rowspan=2|Colonel general **Vladimir Rushailo**|rowspan=2|Independent|rowspan=2|21 May 1999|rowspan=2|28 March 2001|
|rowspan=3 style="background:;"||rowspan=3|Vladimir Putin|||||||||
|style="background:;"|||**Boris Gryzlov**|United Russia|28 March 2001|24 December 2003||||||
|rowspan=2 style="background:;"||rowspan=2||rowspan=2|General of the army **Rashid Nurgaliyev**|rowspan=2|United Russia|rowspan=2|24 December 2003|rowspan=2|21 May 2012|
|style="background:;"||Dmitry Medvedev||||||||||
|style="background:;"|||General of the police **Vladimir Kolokoltsev**|United Russia|21 May 2012|Incumbent|style="background:;"||Vladimir Putin|||
Leroy Anderson

**Leroy Anderson** ( ) (June 29, 1908 – May 18, 1975) was an American composer. He was known for writing short, light concert pieces, many of which were for the Boston Pops Orchestra.

John Williams called him "one of the great American masters of light orchestral music."

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Leroy Anderson
- **birth place**: Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death place**: Woodbury, Connecticut, U.S.
- **death cause**: Cancer
- **occupation**: Composer, pianist, organist
Essam al-Buwaydhani

**Essam al-Buwaydhani** was the leader of Jaysh al-Islam. He was allegedly born in the city of Douma and was originally a businessman. He was made leader of Jaysh al-Islam after the previous leader Zahran Alloush was killed in a airstrike by the Syrian Armed Forces in December 2015.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Essam al-Buwaydhani
- **birth place**: Douma, Syria
- **death place**: 12 June 2019
- **allegiance**: Jaysh al-Islam
- **battles**: Syrian Civil War
* Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)
Zahran Alloush

**Zahran Alloush** was a leader of Jaysh al-Islam and was a big part of the Islamic Front where he was a military chief and was called one of the powerful people in Syria. He was born in Douma in 1971 and was married to 3 wives. He was killed by a Syrian-Russian airstrike on the 25th of December 2015 and was succeeded by Essam al-Buwaydhani as leader of Jaysh al-Islam.

## Infobox (military person)

- **embed**: yes
- **allegiance**: Islamic Front (Syria), Islamic Front
 <small>(November 2013-December 2015)</small>
- **branch**: Jaysh al-Islam
 <small>(2011-December 2015)</small>
- **serviceyears**: 2011–2015
- **rank**: *Commander of Jaysh al-Islam
*Military Chief of the Islamic Front (Syria), Islamic Front
*Leader of the Unified Military Command of Eastern Ghouta
- **battles**: **Syrian Civil War**
*Damascus offensive (2013), Damascus offensive
*Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Zahran Alloush
- **birth date**: 1971
- **birth place**: Douma, Syria
- **death place**: Autaya, Utaya, Rif Dimashq, Syria
- **death cause**: Air strike
- **nationality**: Syrian
- **known for**: **Jaysh al-Islam, Commander of Jaysh al-Islam**
Kalateh-ye Luyedani

**Kalateh-ye Luyedani** is a village in the Zeberkhan Rural District in Khorasan province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, the population of Kalateh-ye Luyedani was 58 people who were part of 14 different families.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Kalateh-ye Luyedani
- **native name**: كلاته لويداني
- **settlement type**: village
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Razavi Khorasan Province, Razavi Khorasan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Nishapur County, Nishapur
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Zeberkhan District, Zeberkhan
- **subdivision type4**: Rural Districts of Iran, Rural District
- **subdivision name4**: Zeberkhan Rural District, Zeberkhan
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 58
- **population density km2**: auto
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
J. Steward Davis

Davis, an American political activist and a lawyer from Baltimore, Maryland, disappeared under suspicious circumstances on 15 April 1929 and was never heard from again.

Disappeared: April 15, 1929
Dave Stieb

**David Andrew Stieb** (/ˈstiːb/; born July 22, 1957), nicknamed "**Sir David**", is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) starting pitcher who spent the majority of his career with the Toronto Blue Jays. A seven-time All-Star, he won _The Sporting News_<nowiki/>' Pitcher of the Year Award in 1982. His 56.9 career wins above replacement (according to Baseball-Reference) are the highest of any Blue Jays player, and he also holds the franchise records for complete games (103), strikeouts (1,658), and innings pitched (2,873).

A promising outfielder prospect at Southern Illinois University, Stieb was converted to a starting pitcher after being drafted by the Blue Jays, who told him that it would be the quickest way to get him to the majors. Fast-tracked through the minors, he debuted in 1979. Stieb led the American League (AL) in earned run average (ERA) in 1985, finishing in the top five four other times (1982, 1983, 1984, and 1990). Stieb also twice led the AL in innings pitched (1982 and 1984). Injury prevented him from playing in the 1992 postseason, where the Blue Jays won their first World Series. After a stint with the Chicago White Sox, Stieb retired from baseball, only to make a brief return as a reliever for the Blue Jays in 1998 before retiring for good.

Stieb won 140 games in the 1980s, the second-highest total by a pitcher in that decade, behind only his rival (and later teammate) Jack Morris. He was known for flirting with no-hitters, having reached the ninth inning with no hits four times in five years before accomplishing the feat in 1990, throwing the first, and as of 2025, only no-hitter in Blue Jays history.
Idris Ali

**Idris Ali** (30 December 1950 – 16 February 2024) was an Indian politician who was a Member of Parliament for the 16th Lok Sabha from Basirhat, West Bengal. He won the 2014 Indian general election as an Trinamool Congress candidate.

Ali began his political career with Indian National Congress. For a long time he was the state chairman of the _Congress Minority Cell_. In the 2014 Indian general election, he was elected as a member of parliament from the Basirhat seat on a Trinamool Congress ticket. He won by defeating a candidate of Communist Party of India (CPI) by a margin of 109,000 votes.

## Death

Ali died on 16 February 2024 due to different illnesses. He was 73 years old at the time of his death. He was previously diagnosed with COVID-19 but had recovered.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Idris Ali
- **native name**: ইদ্রিশ আলি
- **image**: Idris Ali - Kolkata 2023-03-29 4886.jpg
- **caption**: Idris Ali, March 2023
- **birth place**: West Bengal, India
- **residence**: Kolkata, India
- **office**: West Bengal Legislative Assembly, Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly
- **term start**: 6 May 2021
- **term end**: 16 February 2024
- **predecessor**: Mahasin Ali
- **constituency**: Bhagabangola (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Bhagabangola
- **term start1**: 2019
- **term end1**: 2021
- **predecessor1**: Haider Aziz Safwi
- **successor1**: Bidesh Ranjan Bose
- **constituency1**: Uluberia Purba (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Uluberia Purba
- **office2**: Member of Parliament (India), Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
- **constituency2**: Basirhat (Lok Sabha constituency), Basirhat
- **term start2**: 16 May 2014
- **term end2**: 23 May 2019
- **predecessor2**: Haji Nurul Islam, Haji Sk. Nurul Islam
- **successor2**: Nusrat Jahan
- **otherparty**: Indian National Congress
- **party**: All India Trinamool Congress
- **profession**: Lawyer, politician
- **education**: BSc, L.L.B
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: St. Paul's Cathedral Mission College -,
Surendranath Law College -
Shahed 131

|colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"|<span class="fn org"> Shahed 131 </span>|
| --- | --- |
|class="infobox-data"|Suicide Drone|
|class="infobox-data"|<span class="flagicon"> </span>Iran|
|class="infobox-data"|See _Operatives_|
|class="infobox-data"|Shahed Aviation Industries|
|class="infobox-data"|135 kg (298 lb)|
|class="infobox-data"|2.2 m (7.2 ft)|
|class="infobox-data"|15 kilograms (33 lb)|
|colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"|---|
|class="infobox-data"|900 km (559 mi)|
|class="infobox-data"|GNSS, INS|
The **Shahed 131** or **Geran-1** (when used by Russians) is a Iranian-made suicide drone that became well known in October of 2022 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The suicide drone is powered by a Wankel engine model made by Shahed Aviation Industries.

### Countries

- : Used by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps
- : Used as the Geran-1.

### Militant groups

- Houthis (alleged)
- Saraya Ababil: Used as the Murad-6