juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Furry Creek

**Furry Creek** is a community in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is on Howe Sound in the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District. It is north of Vancouver and south of Squamish.

## Tourism

Furry Creek has a relatively varied area of tourism. There is a golf club with a gift shop. There is the Britannia Mine Museum. There are parks, including Shannon Falls Provincial Park, which is relatively close to the area.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Furry Creek
- **image skyline**: Furry Creek, British Columbia golf 2004.jpg
- **image caption**: Golfing at Furry Creek
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces and territories of Canada, Province
- **pushpin map**: Canada British Columbia
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Furry Creek in British Columbia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **area code**: Area code 250, 250, Area code 778, 778
J. André Fouilhoux

**Jacques André Fouilhoux** (September 27, 1879 – June 20, 1945) was a French-born American architect. He is most well known for his work on Tribune Tower (Chicago) and Rockefeller Center, early skyscrapers such as the Daily News Building and RCA Building.

## Infobox (architect)

- **name**: Jacques André Fouilhoux
- **nationality**: French
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: New York City, New York
- **alma mater**: Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, University of Paris (Sorbonne)
- **spouse**: Jean Butler Clark
- **significant buildings**: Tribune Tower, Rockefeller Center, Daily News Building
- **awards**: American Institute of Architects New York Chapter
Daily News Building

The **Daily News Building**, also known as **The News Building**, is a skyscraper located at 220 East 42nd Street in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Built between 1928 and 1930, it was originally constructed to serve as the headquarters for the _New York Daily News_.
Fall of Kabul

**Fall of Kabul** is an event where Kabul is captured. Some of these include:

- Battle of Kabul (1992–1996), the capture of Kabul by the Taliban in 1996
- Fall of Kabul (2001), the capture of Kabul by the Northern Alliance in 2001, as a part of the United States invasion of Afghanistan
- Fall of Kabul (2021), the recapture of Kabul by the Taliban in 2021
Arkhangelsk

**Arkhangelsk** () is a city in Russia. It is the capital and largest city of Arkhangelsk Oblast in European Russia. According to the 2021 Russian census, the city has 301,199 people.

## History

Arkhangelsk was founded in 1584 as a fortified monastery dedicated to Archangel Michael, and became the first major port of the Russian Empire for trade with England and other European countries. The port reached its peak prosperity in the 17th century but later declined after the founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703 and the introduction of high customs duties by Peter I the Great for trade through Arkhangelsk. The city was revived with the construction of a railway connection to Moscow in 1898. By the early 20th century, Arkhangelsk had become Russia's largest timber-exporting port. The city developed major timber-processing industries, including sawmilling, pulp production, and papermaking. Shipbuilding and ship repair became important industries. Arkhangelsk serves as home to a fishing fleet and is the western terminus of the Northern Sea Route.

## Geography

Arkhangelsk is located in the northern part of Arkhangelsk Oblast and serves as its administrative center. The city is situated on the Northern Dvina River near its mouth at the White Sea, approximately 35 kilometers from the sea. Arkhangelsk is located approximately 1,242 kilometers north of Moscow, 1,109 kilometers northeast of Saint Petersburg, and 1,271 kilometers north of Nizhny Novgorod.

## Economy

Arkhangelsk's main industries include timber trade, paper production, ship building, machinery manufacturing, and biotechnology industries. The city operates a major commercial and fishing port that serves northern Russia's maritime trade. The port handles timber exports, petroleum products, and general cargo.

## Population

According to the 2021 Russian census, Arkhangelsk had a population of 301,199 people. This represented a decrease from the 2010 census figure of 348,783 people. The city's population peaked in the 1980s at over 415,000 residents.

## References

{{Navbox
|name=Russian North
|title=Russian North
|state=autocollapse
|listclass=hlist
|image=
|group1=Key locations
|list1=
- Arkhangelsk
- Belozersk
- Beryozovo
- Kargopol
- Kem
- Kholmogory
- Kizhi
- Kola
- Kondopoga
- Lalsk
- Mangazeya
- Pustozyorsk
- Solvychegodsk
- Totma
- Veliky Ustyug
- Vologda
- Yarensk
|group2=Monasteries
|list2=
- Ferapontov Monastery
- Kamenny Monastery
- Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery
- Kiy Island Monastery
- Korela Monastery
- Pechenga Monastery
- Siya Monastery
- Solovetsky Monastery
}
{{Cities of Military Glory}}
{{authority control}}
{{coord|64|32|N|40|32|E|display=title}}
Ufology

**Ufology** is the search for and research of unidentified flying objects by people who called _ufologists_. The term was coined by Edward J. Ruppelt. Mainstream scientists have greeted this topic with skepticism, dismissing ufology as pseudoscience.

## Related page

- List of ufologists
Kajenglei

**Kajenglei** (), also known as **Leitreng** (), is a traditional Meitei headdress crown, worn by women. It is worn by brides during marriage ceremonies as well as by artists during the dance performances.
It consists of eighty to hundred brass strips. These are attached to red flannel strips one centimeter in width and tied around a circular metal ring. Some of the renowned figures who are known for wearing the _Kajenglei_ are goddess Leimarel Sidabi, goddess Panthoibi and princess Moirang Thoibi.
Hasan Akhund

Mullah **Mohammad Hassan Akhund** ( : born 26 March 1949) is an Afghan Taliban who is the 27th and current Prime Minister of Afghanistan since 2021. Previously, he was the 1st Deputy Prime Minister of Afghanistan under prime minister Mohammad Rabanni and Abdul Kabir from 1996 to 2001 and the 28th Minister for Foreign Affairs under prime minister Abdul Kabir from 1998 to 1999.

## Time as prime minister

Russia said that it will not take part "in the inauguration event for the new government of Afghanistan if it is held on the 9/11 anniversary", media said on September 10, 2021; After Russia said that, the event was moved to another day.

There are worries about the Freedom of the press: "at least 14 journalists" were arrested "and then released" (or set free) over a two-day period; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) said that, and media told about that on September 10, 2021.

## Related pages

- Cabinet of prime minister Akhund

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mohammad Hasan Akhund

- **native name lang**: ps
- **image**: Hasan Akhund.png
- **caption**: Akhund in 2022
- **office**: 27th Prime Minister of Afghanistan
- **1blankname**: Supreme Leader of Afghanistan, Supreme Leader
- **1namedata**: Hibatullah Akhundzada
- **2blankname**: Deputy
- **term start**: 7 September 2021
- **predecessor**: Abdul Kabir (acting, 2001)
- **office2**: Member of the Leadership Council of Afghanistan, Leadership Council
- **term start2**: 15 August 2021
- **term label3**: In exile
- **term start3**: May 2002
- **term end3**: 15 August 2021
- **order4**: Prime Minister of Afghanistan#Islamic Emirate, Deputy Prime Minister of Afghanistan
- **primeminister4**: Mohammad Rabbani
Abdul Kabir (acting)
- **term start4**: 27 September 1996
- **term end4**: 13 November 2001
- **leader4**: Mullah Omar, Mohammed Omar
- **predecessor4**: _Office established_
- **order5**: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Afghanistan), Foreign Minister of Afghanistan
- **primeminister5**: Mohammad Rabbani
- **term start5**: 1998
- **term end5**: October 27, 1999
- **leader5**: Mohammed Omar
- **predecessor5**: Abdul Jalil (militant), Abdul Jalil
- **successor5**: Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil
- **birth place**: Pashmul, Panjwayi District (now in Zhari District), Kandahar Province, Kingdom of Afghanistan
- **party**: Taliban (1994–present)
- **occupation**: Politician
- **profession**: Religious studies, Scholar
Paolo Salvati

**Paolo Salvati** (born 22 February 1939 in Rome – 24 June 2014 in Rome) was an Italian figurative artist, painter, and draftsman. His landscapes are the expression of poetic art, characterized by an intense chromatic tone as a metaphorical depiction of the inner world of man.

## Bibliography

- Catalog of Modern Art No. 45, Paul Levi, Daniela Brignone; Mario Guderzo; Lea Mattarella, "The Italian Astist from the early twentieth century to today” (Gli Artisti Italiani dal Primo Novecento ad Oggi), Giorgio Mondadori, Milan, 2009, pp. 176–358. .
- Catalog of Modern Art No. 46, Paul Levi, Daniela Brignone; Mario Guderzo; Lea Mattarella, "The Italian Artist from the early twentieth century to today" (Gli Artisti Italiani dal Primo Novecento ad Oggi), Giorgio Mondadori, Milan, 2010, pp. 192, 352–353. .
- Catalog of Modern Art No. 47, in Paul Levi, Daniela Brignone; Mario Guderzo; Lea Mattarella, "The Italian Astist from the early twentieth century to today"( Gli Artisti Italiani dal Primo Novecento ad Oggi)  Giorgio Mondadori, Milan, 2011, pp. 192–379. .
- Enciclopedia d'arte italiana n°3, “Catalogo generale Artisti dal Novecento ad oggi”, Edizioni Enciclopedia d'Arte Italiana, Milano, 2014, pp.58-247.
- Catalog of Modern Art No 48, in Paul Levi Young Faccenda; Daniela Brignone; Mario Guderzo; Lea Mattarella, "The Italian Artist from the early twentieth century to today"(Gli Artisti Italiani dal Primo Novecento ad Oggi), Giorgio Mondadori, Milan, 2012, pp. 27, 392, 401–404. .
- Catalog, (Paolo Salvati 1939-2014 : geniale creazione visiva) Eredi Salvati, Roma, 2016.

## Related pages

- List of Italian painters

## Other websites

- Official page on Facebook
- Paolo Salvati, biography on Artprice.com
- Paolo Salvati, biography on Mutualart.com
- Paolo Salvati, biography on Askart.com

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Paolo Salvati
- **image**: Paolo Salvati.JPG
- **birth place**: Rome, Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **nationality**: Italy, Italian
- **field**: Painting,
- **works**: Pietra blu, Albero blu, Fronde rosse
Barnaul

**Barnaul** () is a city in Russia. It is the capital and largest city of Altai Krai. Its population was 632,372 as of 2018. It is home to the centers of silver in Russia.

## History

Barnaul was founded by the family of Demidov, who intended to develop the production of copper and silver of Russia, which continued after the factories were taken over by the Crown of Russia. Barnaul became a major center of silver in Russia. Barnaul's city status was founded in 1771. In 1738 a silver-refining works was established and Barnaul became the original hub of the Altai mining region of Russia. It was a major trade centre in 1850. Barnaul has good communications by Ob River, by the South Siberian, Turk-Sib, and Omsk-Barnaul railways, and by roads to the Kolyvan-Rubtsovsk mining area and Novosibirsk. As a result after that, its industrial importance has increased and its range of products grown wider. Barnaul's engineering industries produce boilers, presses, diesel motors, and radios; other industries make cotton textiles, chemical fibres, cellophane, tires, and lumber and forest products. There is also a range of consumer-goods industries. Barnaul has a research institute of agriculture, livestock husbandry, institutes for engineering, teacher training, and medicine.

## Geography

Barnaul was located in the Forest steppes of the West Siberian Plain. It is 345 kilometers northeast of the Kazakhstan-Russia border, 3,622 kilometers southeast of Moscow, 4,051 kilometers southeast of Saint Petersburg, 3,159 kilometers southeast of Nizhny Novgorod, 1,823 kilometers southeast of Yekaterinburg, 232 kilometers south of Novosibirsk, 5,810 kilometers northwest of Vladivostok, and 5,015 kilometers southwest of Yakutsk.

## Economy

Barnaul is an important industrial center of Western Siberia. There are more than 100 industrial businesses and companies in the city, giving work to approximately 120,000 people. These industries include diesel, carbon processing, production of heavy machinery, tyres, furniture and footwear.

## Population

As of 2018, the city has over 632,372 people. In 2010, the city has 612,401 people and in 2014, the population rose to 632,784.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Barnaul
- **native name**: Барнаул
- **image skyline**: Ob.Banaul.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **image flag**: Flag of Barnaul.svg
- **image shield**: Barnaul coat of arms.svg
Symbolic anthropology

**Symbolic anthropology** or **symbolic and interpretive anthropology** is the  study where cultural symbols can be used in society. Important figures of this study are Clifford Geertz as founder of interpretive anthropology, Max Weeber, Mary Douglas, David M. Schneider and Victor Turner.

A postmodern turn is also highlighted.
Tolyatti

**Tolyatti** () is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia. It is the second-largest city of Samara Oblast. As of 2024, the city has 667,956 people.

## History

Tolyatti is known formerly as Stavropol until 1964. The city was founded as a fortress in 1738 and known as Stavropol, it was given city status in 1780 and again in 1946. Became more prominent by Samara, it remained unimportant until the beginning in 1950 of the huge V.I.

## Geography

The city was 988 kilometers southeast of Moscow, 1,700 kilometers southeast of Saint Petersburg, 637 kilometers south of Nizhny Novgorod, and 995 kilometers southeast of Yekaterinburg.

## Population

As of 2010, Tolyatti has 719,632 people. In 2005, it has 704,792 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Tolyatti
- **native name**: Тольятти
- **image skyline**: Памятник В. Н. Татищеву, Портпосёлок, Тольятти, Самарская область.jpg
- **image caption**: A cultural heritage tomb in Tolyatti
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **image flag**: Flag of Togliatti (Samara oblast).png
- **image shield**: Coat of Arms of Togliatti (Samara oblast) ceremonial.png
- **subdivision type**: Country
Situ Lembang

**Situ Lembang** is a lake located in Western Java, Indonesia. The lake has an area of about 68 hectares, situated between mount Burangrang and Tangkuban Parahu with elevation at of 1567 mdpl. This place is a man-made lake which has existed since 1912, while Netherland occupied Indonesia.

Surrounded by pine forest, water sources comes from the Cimahi river and spring from mount Burangrang. Situ Lembang is used as a military exercise and war simulation by Kopassus troops.
Yakutsk

**Yakutsk** () is a city in Russia. It is the capital and largest city of the Sakha Republic. As of 2024, the city has 367,667 people.

## Related pages

- List of cities and towns in Russia
National anthem of the Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1943)

***The Royal Salute*** was the first national anthem of Afghanistan and it was adopted during the period of monarchy. It was an instrumental song and had no words.

## Related pages

- Afghan National Anthem

## Infobox (anthem)

- **title**: شاهي سلام
- **english title**: Royal Salute
- **image**: border
- **prefix**: Former national
- **country**: Kingdom of Afghanistan, Afghanistan
- **adopted**: 1926
- **until**: 1943
- **sound**: Former national anthem of Afghanistan, 1926-1943.ogg
- **sound title**: Former national anthem of Afghanistan (listen)
- **successor**: "Loya Salāmi"
V(D)J recombination

**V(D)J** is the basis of the vertebrate immune system. It makes antibodies.

All vertebrates have an adaptive immune system. This protects them against many infections and diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. V(D)J is the basic mechanism. The work is done by developing lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). They make the immune system adaptive. What this means is that the body is able to defend against many infections it has never met before, and the defence gets better against repeat attacks from the same agent.

The details are very complex. The system makes sequences of amino acids which bind on to the corresponding sequences of infective agents. The system also recognises  "altered self cells" as seen in cancer.
Of course all systems have limits, so when the system fails to recognise a pathogen or cancer, we suffer the consequences.

In 1987 Susumu Tonegawa was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity".

The V(D)J refers to the way variable, joining and sometimes diversity regions are produced in the white blood cells. The cells are made in the bone marrow and thymus of vertebrates.
Phyllomedusa distincta

The **Sao Paulo leaf frog** (_Phyllomedusa distincta_) is a frog that lives in Brazil. People have seen it as high as 1000 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in forests that have never been cut down and in forests that have grown back. People have seen it on shrubs near water that does not flow. The female frog lays eggs on leaves that are over water that does not dry up. When the eggs hatch, the tadpoles fall into the water below.

Scientists do not believe that this frog is in danger of dying out. This is because it lives in such a large place. But there are fewer of this frog than there were. This is because human beings change the places where the frogs live to build towns and cities, make small farms, make tree farms, and get wood to build with.
Mute R. Kelly

**Mute R. Kelly** (also styled as **#MuteRKelly**) is an American movement. It wants contemporary R&B, soul and gospel singer and recording artist **R. Kelly** convicted (meaning found guilty) of sexual abuse, child pornography, kidnapping and obstruction of justice. The movement also wants Kelly to stop receiving money with his singing career.

## Founding

The movement was founded by Kenyette Barnes and Oronike Odeleye in 2017. The latter said: "#MuteRKelly continues until the Black community has fully financially divested from the man and his music and we tackle the overwhelming issue of sexual abuse". Odeleye was an African American Arts Administrator from Atlanta, Georgia. Barnes is a lobbyist and activist. She also sought to lobby elected officials. She wanted to mobilize activists around the world to encourage users of music streaming platforms to #ThumbItDown, when R. Kelly's music plays. This was in order to change the algorithm of his songs until they are no longer playing.

## Accusations

During a period of two to three decades, Kelly was accused of sexual abuse of children and adolescents. One example was getting married to then fifteen-year-old R&B and pop singer Aaliyah on August 31, 1994 in Cook County, Illinois. The marriage was dissolved just over five months later at orders from Aaliyah's family. Aaliyah later admitted she had lied to people about her age. She was really fifteen-years-old when she and Kelly married each other.

## Related pages

- Me Too movement
- Harvey Weinstein
- Sexual harassment
Black-winged stilt

The **black-winged stilt** or **pied stilt** (_Himantopus himantopus_) is a bird in the family Recurvirostridae. It lives in many places in the world: Australia, South America, Central America, Africa, southern Asia, some of North America, some of Europe, the Philippines, New Zealand, New Guinea, Indonesia, and the Solomon Islands.

## Appearance

This bird has black and white feathers. Its legs are long and orange. Its bill is straight and black. The irises of its eyes are red. They have gray feathers on their heads. The gray part gets bigger as the bird gets older.

## Habitat and food

This bird lives in mudflats, marshes, and the shores of lakes and rivers.

This bird wades. It walks through shallow water on its long legs. It uses its beak to catch small animals with no spines off the top of the water. It can swim and put its head under the water to catch food, but it does not do this often. It eats insects, mollusks, and crustaceans. It can look for food in large flocks, groups of birds. The birds in the flock do not all have to be black-winged stilts. The black-winged stilt will look for food with banded stilts and red-necked avocets too.

## Breeding

Many pairs of black-winged stilts build nests near each other. This is called a colony. But each pair will fight other birds if they come too close to their nest. The birds either dig a small hole in the ground or put pieces of plants on the ground to make the nest. Both the male and female stilt sit on the eggs.
Pheichom

**Pheichom (Pheijom)** or **Feichom (Feijom)** is a traditional Meitei loincloth, worn by men. It is mainly made of cotton or silk in gold, saffron or white colours. The Khamen Chatpa is the most popular and highly revered _pheijom_ known to the Meitei cultural world.
The _Pheijom_ (_Feijom_) of Manipur is slightly equivalent to the Dhoti, worn by men of mainland India.

There are many types of _Pheichom_ (_Pheijom_), out of which some are the following:
|Names of _Pheichom_s (_Pheijom_s)|Latin Roman transliteration|Colours|Permissions for wearing|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Khamenchatpa pheijom|black, brown, maroon or purple|It is worn only by men of higher rankings or privileged classes.||
|Phigenapu pheijom|orange|It is worn by men of higher rankings as well as children of any classes.||
|Jugimari pheijom|red|It is worn by men who hold titles of office in the presence of the King or by any men in the absence of the King.||
|Gulap machu pheijom|rose coloured of a pretty pink shade|It is worn by men who hold titles of office in the presence of the King or by any men in the absence of the King.  But children may wear it at pleasure.||

## Other websites

- Pheijom - lower garments for men
2016 Witney by-election

The **2016 Witney by-election** was a by-election for the UK Parliament constituency of Witney. It happened on the 20 October 2016. This was the same day as the Batley and Spen by-election.

The by-election happened after because current Conservative MP, David Cameron, decided he didn't want to be MP anymore. This was after Cameron also decided he didn't want to be Prime Minister anymore. Conservative Robert Courts won. Courts won with 5,702 votes more than the Liberal Democrats, who came in second.

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: 2016 Witney by-election
- **type**: parliamentary
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **seats for election**: Witney (UK Parliament constituency), Witney constituency
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: 2015 United Kingdom general election
- **previous year**: 2015
- **next election**: 2017 United Kingdom general election
- **next year**: 2017
- **election date**: 20 October 2016
- **candidate1**: **Robert Courts**
- **image1**:
- **party1**: Conservative Party (UK)
- **popular vote1**: **17,313**
- **percentage1**: **45.0%**
- **swing1**: 15.2%
- **candidate2**: Liz Leffman
- **image2**:
- **party2**: Liberal Democrats (UK)
- **popular vote2**: 11,611
- **percentage2**: 30.2%
- **swing2**: 23.4%
- **candidate3**: Duncan Enright
- **image3**: <div style="width:120px;"><span style="line-height:160px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:; font-size:35px;"> **Lab**</span></div>
- **party3**: Labour Party (UK)
- **popular vote3**: 5,765
- **percentage3**: 15.0%
- **swing3**: 2.2%
- **map image**: Witney2007Constituency.svg
- **map size**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Witney (UK Parliament constituency), Witney within Oxfordshire
- **title**: Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), MP
- **before election**: David Cameron
- **before party**: Conservative Party (UK), Conservative
- **after election**: Robert Courts
- **after party**: Conservative Party (UK), Conservative
Al-Uthaymin

**Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Salih ibn Muhammad ibn Sulayman ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Uthaymin al-Tamimi** (Arabic: ) (1929–2001), commonly known simply as **al-Uthaymin**, was a Saudi Islamic scholar. He was born in Unaiza, in Quasim region (Saudi Arabia) in 1929. He memorized the Holy Quran during his childhood, pursued rigorous religious education in hadith, tafseer, fiqh, theology and Arabic language under the tutelage of renowned Saudi Ulema (Islamic scholars) and graduated from the College of Sharia in Riyadh.

Al-Uthaymin’s deep knowledge of Islam, disseminated through his many publications and teachings, as well as his outstanding qualities as a dedicated and profoundly faithful Muslim, have won him the respect and admiration of Muslims everywhere.

## Infobox (religious biography)

- **religion**: Islam
- **name**: Al-Uthaymin
- **image**: Muhammad ibn al-Uthaymeen Islamic Calligraphy.png
- **caption**: Al-Uthaymin in calligraphy
- **birth date**: March 9, 1929
- **birth place**: Unaizah, Sultanate of Nejd, Nejd
- **death place**: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- **resting place**: Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- **ethnicity**: Arab
- **era**: 20th century
- **region**: Arabian Peninsula
- **denomination**: Sunni
- **creed**: Athari
- **awards**: King Faisal International Prize for Service to Islam, February 8, 1994
- **influences**: Ibn Taymiyyah
Ibn Qayyim
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
Rashid Rida, Sayyid Rasheed Rida
Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz
Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di
Ibn Muflih
- **website**: [http://binothaimeen.net http://binothaimeen.net]
- **movement**: Salafi movement, Salafi
- **native name**: الْعُثَيْمِينِ
- **native name lang**: ar
Magan (civilization)

**Magan** (also **Makkan**) was an ancient nation. It is mentioned in Sumerian cuneiform texts of around 2300 BC. It lasted to 550 BC as a source of copper and diorite for Mesopotamia.

## Location

Historians were not always sure where Magan was.  Some historians thought Magan could be in part of Yemen called Ma'in in the south of Upper Egypt, in Nubia or the Sudan, and others as part of today's Iran or Pakistan.

With the disappearance of trade from the Indus region, the copper from Magan was later replaced by copper imports from ancient Cyprus.

## History

The earliest Sumerian text that talks about Magan (Sumerian 𒈣𒃶 _Magan_, Akkadian _Makkan_) was written during the Umm al-Nar period (2600–2000 BCE). It also says "the Lords of Magan." Sumerian texts also talk about "Tilmun," which historians think was in what is Bahrain today, and about "Meluhha," which could be the Indus Valley. The Akkadians fought the Magans in the twenty-third century BCE. This could be why the people built forts. For example, the writers Naram-Sin and Manishtusu, wrote of fighting wars against "32 lords of Magan."

Gudea talks about the devotions to his Temple: "Magan and Meluhha will come down from their mountains to attend." The words Magan (𒈣𒃶) and Meluhha (𒈨𒈛𒄩) appear vertically in the first column on the right.

Naram-Sin gave the Akkadian title _Malek_ to the defeated Ruler of Magan, a title which survives in the Arabic for king, _malek_.

The Magans built good ships and could sail well for the time.  King Sargon of Agade (2371–2316 BCE) wrote that ships Tilmun, Magan, and Meluhha came to his ports. His successor, Naram-Sin, conquered Magan but he honored the Magan King Manium by naming the city of Manium-Ki in Mesopotamia after him. Trade between the Indus Valley and Sumer went through Magan.  However, that trade might have stopped at one time. Ur-Nammu (2113–2096 BCE) said he had "brought back the ships of Magan."

## Commerce

Archaeological finds from this time show trade not only with the Indus Valley and Sumer but also with Iran and Bactria. They might also show the earliest case of the disease poliomyelitis in the skeleton of a woman from Tell Abraq. The skeleton was found in modern Umm Al Quwain.

Trade was common between Magan and Ur before the reigns of the Gutian kings over Ur. After they were deposed, Ur-Nammu of Ur restored the roads and trade resumed between the two nations (c. 2100 BC).

## Literature

Magan Civilization and Magan territory has also been mentioned in the fantasy book, **MAGA - The Untold Legend** (ISBN: 978-1777903404) and has a very close relationship with the Mayan Civilization, two mother civilizations of ancient world on earth established by MAGA and MAYA, respectively.
Machiko Hasegawa

**Machiko Hasegawa** (, January 30, 1920 – May 27, 1992) was a Japanese manga artist and one of the first female manga artists. Hasegawa's most popular comic is _Sazae-San_. Her comics are still very popular and well-known. She won the People's Honor Award.  She was the first manga artist to win the People’s Honor Award. Hasegawa also has two museums named after her.

## _Sazae-san_

_Sazae-san_ was a popular postwar comic strip depicting the life of Sazae-san, a fictional Japanese housewife. The manga was first drawn in 1946. It also depicts women and men equally. _Sazae-San_ became nationally popular because of the Asahi Shimbun newspaper. _Sazae-San_ was turned into a radio series in 1955. It has 45 paper volumes. It was also translated into English. It started appearing on TV in 1969. _Sazae-San_ is still airing today.

## Other websites

- 長谷川町子 - Kotobank

## Infobox (chinese)

- **child**: yes
- **headercolor**: #ffb6c1
- **kanji**: 長谷川 町子
- **romaji**: Hasegawa Machiko
- **hiragana**: はせがわ まちこ


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Machiko Hasegawa
- **image**: Machiko_hasegawa.jpg
- **caption**: Hasegawa in August 1950
- **nationality**: Japanese
- **occupation**: Mangaka, Manga artist
- **known for**: _Sazae-san_
- **awards**: Machiko Hasegawa#Awards, See below
Sazae-san

***Sazae-san*** (Japanese: サザエさん) is a Japanese yonkoma manga series written and illustrated by Machiko Hasegawa. It was a popular postwar comic strip about the life of Sazae-san, a fictional Japanese housewife.

## Infobox (animanga/header)

- **name**: Sazae-san
- **image**: Sazaesan-Logo.svg
- **ja kanji**: サザエさん
- **genre**: Comedy


## Infobox (animanga/print)

- **type**: manga
- **author**: Machiko Hasegawa
- **publisher**: Asahi Shimbun
- **magazine**: Fukunichi Shinbun
Asahi Shimbun, etc.
- **first**: April 22, 1946
- **last**: February 21, 1974
- **volumes**: 45 (approx. 10,000 comic strips)


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: tv series
- **studio**: Eiken (studio), Eiken
- **network**: Fuji TV
- **first**: October 5, 1969
- **episodes**: 2,500+ episodes


## Infobox (animanga/footer)
Los Rios Community College District

**Los Rios Community College District** is a public community college district headquartered in Sacramento, California. It has four colleges and several education centers serving approximately 70,000 students. The chancellor is Brian King.

## Colleges

- American River College (opened 1955)
- Consumnes River College (opened 1970)
- Folsom Lake College (opened 2004)
- Sacramento City College (opened 1916)

## Infobox (school)

- **established**: 1965
- **name**: Los Rios Community College District
- **address**: 1919 Spanos Court
- **city**: Sacramento
- **state**: California
- **zipcode**: 95825
- **country**: United States
- **website**: https://losrios.edu
Solution (disambiguation)

**Solution** can be:

- Solution (chemistry), a mixture where one substance is dissolved in another
- Solution (equation), in mathematics
    - Numerical solution, in numerical analysis, approximate solutions within specified error bounds
- Solution, in problem solving
- Solution, in solution selling

## Other uses

- V-STOL Solution, an ultralight aircraft
- Solution (band), a Dutch rock band
    - _Solution_ (Solution album), 1971
- Solution A.D., an American rock band
- _Solution_ (Cui Jian album), 1991
- _Solutions_ (album), a 2019 album by K.Flay

## Related pages

- The Solution (disambiguation)
Anna Akhmatova

**Anna Andreyevna Gorenko** ( – 5 March 1966), better known by the pen name **Anna Akhmatova**, was a Russian poet. In 1965 she was on the shortlist for the Nobel Prize,

Nikolay Gumilyov was his husband.

## Related pages

- List of Russian language poets

## Sources

- Akhmatova, Anna, Trans. Kunitz, Staney and Hayward, Max (1973)  _Poems of Akhmatova_. Houghton Mifflin;
- Akhmatova, Anna, Trans. Kunitz, Staney and Hayward, Max (1998)  _Poems of Akhmatova_. Houghton Mifflin;
- Akhmatova, Anna (1989) Trans. Mayhew and McNaughton. _Poem Without a Hero & Selected Poems_. Oberlin College Press;
- Akhmatova, Anna (1992) Trans. Judith Hemschemeyer  _The Complete Poems of Anna Akhmatova_. Ed. R. Reeder, Boston: Zephyr Press; (2000);
- Feinstein, Elaine. (2005) _Anna of all the Russias: A life of Anna Akhmatova_. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson; ; Alfred A. Knopf, (2006)
- Harrington, Alexandra (2006) _The poetry of Anna Akhmatova: living in different mirrors_. Anthem Press;
- Martin, Eden (2007)  _Collecting Anna Akhmatova_, _The Caxtonian_, Vol. 4 April 2007 Journal of the Caxton Club; accessed 31 May 2010
- Monas, Sidney; Krupala, Jennifer Greene; Punin, Nikolaĭ Nikolaevich (1999), _The Diaries of Nikolay Punin: 1904-1953_, Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center Imprint Series, University of Texas Press;
- Polivanov, Konstantin (1994) _Anna Akhmatova and Her Circle_, University of Arkansas Press;
- Reeder, Roberta. (1994) _Anna Akhmatova: Poet and Prophet_. New York: Picador;
- Reeder, Roberta. (1997) _Anna Akhmatova: The Stalin Years_ Journal article by Roberta Reeder; _New England Review_, Vol. 18, 1997
- Wells, David (1996) _Anna Akhmatova: Her Poetry_ Berg Publishers;

## Other websites

- Profile and poems at Academy of American Poets
- Anna Akhmatova poetry at Stihipoeta (rus)
- Profile and poems at Poetry Foundation
- Poetic translations
Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation

The **Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation** ( (**SCJN**) is the Mexican federal high court and in charge of the judiciary part of the Mexican Federal Government. It has eleven magistrates, known as _ministers of the court_.

Judges of the SCJN are appointed for 15 years. Members are confirmed by the Senate and are nominated by the President of the Republic.

## Infobox (high court)

- **court name**: Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
- **native name**: Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación
- **image**: Logo de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación de México (2025).svg
- **imagesize**: 200
- **established**: 1825
- **location**: Pino Suárez no. 2, Colonia Centro, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06065, Mexico City
- **type**: Supreme court, Supreme Court
- **authority**: Constitution of Mexico
- **terms**: 15 years
- **positions**: 11
- **website**: https://www.scjn.gob.mx/
- **chiefjudgetitle**: :es:Presidente de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación (México), President
- **chiefjudgename**: Arturo Zaldívar Lelo de Larrea
- **termstart**: 2 January 2019
- **map type**: Mexico Mexico City
- **map caption**: Location in Mexico City
Crimson Peak

***Crimson Peak*** is a 2015  gothic romance movie directed by Guillermo del Toro and written by del Toro and Matthew Robbins.

The movie stars Mia Wasikowska, Tom Hiddleston, Jessica Chastain, Charlie Hunnam, and Jim Beaver.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Crimson Peak
- **director**: Guillermo del Toro
- **music**: Fernando Velázquez (composer), Fernando Velázquez
- **cinematography**: Dan Laustsen
- **editing**: Bernat Vilaplana
- **distributor**: Universal Studios, Universal Pictures
- **runtime**: 119 minutes
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $55 million
- **gross**: $74.7 million
Nele Hertling

**Nele Hertling** _née_ **Schröder** (born 23 February 1934) is a German theatre manager. She worked for the Academy of Arts, Berlin, from 1962. She also founded the Pantomime-Musik-Tanz-Theater in 1970 and the Tanz im August festival in 1988. She managed the program for Berlin as the European City of Culture.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nele Hertling
- **image**: Nele Hertling.jpg
- **caption**: Nele Hertling in 2012
- **birth name**: Nele Schröder
- **birth place**: Berlin, Germany
- **education**: Humboldt University Berlin
- **spouse**: Cornelius Hertling
Todd Scully

**Clark Todd Scully** (September 13, 1948 – September 6, 2021) was an American racewalker. He competed in the men's 20 kilometres walk at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born in Princeton, New Jersey.

Scully died on September 6, 2021 in a car crash in Big Island, Virginia at the age of 72.
Big Island, Virginia

**Big Island** is a census-designated place (CDP) in northern Bedford County, Virginia, United States. The population as of the 2020 Census was 300.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Big Island
- **settlement type**: Census-designated place, CDP
- **image skyline**: Big Island UMC from north.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Methodist church (former)
- **pushpin map**: Virginia
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the Commonwealth of Virginia
- **map caption**: Location within Bedford county
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Bedford County, Virginia, Bedford
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2010, 2010
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 24526
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-07400
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2629017
Gérard Farison

**Gérard Farison** (15 March 1944 – 8 September 2021) was a French footballer. He played as a defender. Farison was born in Saint-Étienne, France. His playing career lasted from 1968 until 1983. He played for the national team in 1976.

Farison died on 8 September 2021 in Saint-Raphaël, France at the age of 77.

## Other websites

- federation official site
- Profile

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Gérard Farison
- **image**: Gérard Farison (1976).png
- **caption**: Farison in 1976
- **birth place**: Saint-Jean-Bonnefonds, France
- **death place**: Saint-Raphaël, Var, Saint-Raphaël, France
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **years1**: 1968–1980
- **clubs1**: AS Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne
- **clubs2**: ES Fréjus
- **nationalyears1**: 1976
- **nationalteam1**: France national football team, France
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1982–1983
- **managerclubs1**: ES Fréjus
Franco Graziosi

**Franco Graziosi** (10 July 1929 – 8 September 2021) was an Italian actor. He was born in Macerata, Italy. He began his career in 1960. He was best known for his roles in _The Terrorist_, _Duck, You Sucker!_ and _We Have a Pope_.

Graziosi died on 8 September 2021 in Rome at the age of 92.
Uno Loop

**Uno Loop** (31 May 1930 – 8 September 2021), affectionately known as "Loobi Unn", was an Estonian singer, musician, athlete, actor, and educator. Loop's career as a musician and singer began in the early 1950s. He was born in Tallinn, Estonia. He was awarded the Order of the White Star in 2001.

From 1975 until 1992, Loop taught guitar, song, and music at the Georg Ots Tallinn Music School. In 1980, he returned to studies at Tallinn Pedagogical University.

Loop died at a nursing home in Keila, Estonia on 8 September 2021, from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease, aged 91.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Uno Loop
- **image**: Uno Loop Kadrioru kõlakojas 74 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Loop performing in 1974
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **birth place**: Tallinn, Estonia
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar
- **genre**: Music of the Soviet Union#Soviet Estrada, Estrada, jazz, swing music, swing, pop, bossa nova
- **occupation**: Singer, guitarist, athlete, actor, educator
- **years active**: 1952–2010
- **label**: Melodiya
Theka
Eesti Rahvusringhääling, Eesti Raadio
Hyper.Elwood
Keila

**Keila** () is a town and an urban municipality in Harju County in north-western Estonia. It is about 25 km southwest of Tallinn.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Keila
- **settlement type**: List of cities and towns in Estonia, Town
- **image skyline**: Keila kirik 15-03-2012.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Keila church
- **image flag**: Flag of Keila.svg
- **flag size**: 125px
- **image shield**: Keila vapp.svg
- **shield size**: 75px
- **pushpin map**: Estonia
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Estonia
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**:   Estonia
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Estonia, County
- **subdivision name1**:  Harju County
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Enno Fels
- **area total km2**: 11.25
- **population total**: 10068
- **population as of**: 01.01.2020
- **population rank**: List of cities and towns in Estonia, 15th
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Ethnicity
- **demographics1 title1**: Estonians
- **demographics1 info1**: 84.9%
- **demographics1 title2**: Russians
- **demographics1 info2**: 11%
- **demographics1 title3**: other
- **demographics1 info3**: 3.9%
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
- **website**: [http://www.keila.ee www.keila.ee]
- **iso code**: EE-296
Camarines Sur

**Camarines Sur** (; ) is a province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region in Luzon. Its capital is Pili. according to 2025 Census There are 942,482 people live there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Camarines Sur
- **official name**: Province of Camarines Sur
- **image caption**: Camarines Sur Provincial Capitol
- **flag size**: 120x80px
- **seal size**: 100x80px
- **map caption**: Location in the Philippines
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of the Philippines, Region
- **established title**: Date of establishment, Founded (Separated from Ambos Camarines)
- **established date**: March 19, 1919
- **seat type**: Capital
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Miguel Luis Villafuerte, Miguel Luis R. Villafuerte (Nacionalista Party, NP)
- **leader title2**: Vice Governor
- **leader name2**: Imelda Papin, Imelda A. Papin
- **area rank**: 16th out of 81
- **elevation max m**: 2,011.7
- **elevation max point**: Mount Isarog
- **population rank**: 13th out of 81
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: 19th out of 81
- **population note**: Includes independent component city
- **demographics type1**: Divisions
- **demographics1 title1**: Cities of the Philippines#Independent cities, Independent cities
- **demographics1 title2**: Cities of the Philippines, Component cities
- **demographics1 title3**: Municipalities of the Philippines, Municipalities
- **demographics1 title4**: Barangays
- **demographics1 title5**: House of Representatives of the Philippines, Districts
- **demographics1 info5**: Legislative districts of Camarines Sur, 1st to 5th districts of Camarines Sur

- **timezone**: Philippine Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: +8
- **postal code type**: List of ZIP codes in the Philippines, ZIP Code
- **blank name sec1**: Spoken languages
Pili, Camarines Sur

***', officially the ***' (, Rinconada Bikol: _Banwāan ka Pili_, ) is a city of the Philippines and capital of the province of Camarines Sur. According to 2025 Census 100,472 people Lives There.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **frame-width**: 250


## Infobox (settlement)

- **image skyline**: CaM SUR.jpg
- **image caption**: Capitol Building
- **image flag**: Flag_of_Pili,_Camarines_Sur.png
- **flag size**: 120x80px
- **seal size**: 100x80px
- **pushpin map**: Philippines
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Philippines
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of the Philippines, Region
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of the Philippines, Province
- **nickname**: Capital of Camarines Sur
- **motto**: _"Higos Pili"_
- **subdivision type3**: House of Representatives of the Philippines#District representation, District
- **established title**: Date of establishment, Founded
- **established date**: 1789
- **parts type**: Barangays
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: (see #Barangays, Barangays)
- **leader name**: Tomas P. Bongalonta, Jr.
- **leader title1**: Vice Mayor
- **leader name1**: Marivic B. Solano
- **leader title2**: House of Representatives of the Philippines#Current composition, Representative
- **leader name2**: Gabriel H. Bordado Jr.
- **leader title3**: Sangguniang Bayan, Municipal Council
- **leader title4**: Elections in the Philippines#Qualification, Electorate
- **leader name4**: voters (Philippine general election, |)
- **elevation max m**: 155
- **elevation min m**: 8
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Households
- **population demonym**: Piliño(s)
- **timezone**: Philippine Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: +8
- **postal code type**: List of ZIP codes in the Philippines, ZIP code
- **demographics type1**: Economy of the Philippines, Economy
- **demographics1 title2**: Measuring poverty, Poverty incidence
- **demographics1 info2**: % ()
- **demographics1 title3**: Revenue
- **demographics1 title4**: Revenue rank
- **demographics1 title5**: Assets
- **demographics1 title6**: Assets rank
- **demographics1 title7**: Internal Revenue Allotment, IRA
- **demographics1 title8**: IRA rank
- **demographics1 title9**: Expenditure
- **demographics1 title10**: Liability (financial accounting), Liabilities
- **demographics type2**: Service provider
- **demographics2 title1**: List of electric distribution utilities in the Philippines, Electricity
- **demographics2 title2**: Water
- **demographics2 title3**: Telecommunications
- **demographics2 title4**: Cable TV
- **blank1 name sec1**: Languages of the Philippines, Native languages
- **blank2 name sec1**: Crime index
- **blank1 name sec2**: Major religions
- **blank2 name sec2**: Feast date
- **blank3 name sec2**: Catholic diocese
- **blank4 name sec2**: Patron saint
Jordi Rebellón

**Jordi Rebellón López** (15 February 1957 – 8 September 2021) was a Spanish actor. He was known for his role as Rodolfo Vilches in popular television series _Hospital Central_. Rebellón was born in Barcelona, Spain. His career began in 1988.

Rebellón died on 8 September 2021 in Madrid, Spain of a stroke, aged 64.
Luis Villafuerte

**Luis Robredo Villafuerte Sr.** (August 29, 1935 – September 8, 2021) was a Filipino politician. He was Governor of Camarines Sur from 1986 until 1992 and again from 1995 until 2004. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 2004 to 2013. He was also the Minister of Trade from 1979 until 1981. Villafuerte was born in Taguig, Philippines.

Villafuerte died on September 8, 2021 in Taguig at the age of 86.
Yevgeny Zinichev

**Yevgeny Nikolayevich Zinichev** (Russian: Евге́ний Никола́евич Зи́ничев; 18 August 1966 – 8 September 2021) was a Russian politician and military officer. He was the Minister of Emergency Situations from 2018 until his death. He was also a member of the Security Council of Russia. In 2016, he was the acting Governor of Kaliningrad Oblast. He was ranked General of the Army. Zinichev was born in Leningrad, Soviet Union.

Zinichev died on 8 September 2021 in Norilsk, Russia after accidentally falling of a cliff at the age of 55.