juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Burning Hell (Brainbombs album)

***Burning Hell*** is the first album by Brainbombs, it was put on vinyl LP by Blackjack Records in 1992. In 1994, Blackjack Records released a CD edition. The album's first vinyl release had a song named "X!?+☐+..." which was removed from the CD release. The track was lost media until in 2015 when the full LP including the track was posted to YouTube.

The album is also the possible sources of names from later albums. "Pleasures And Dreams" includes a lyric "Genius and brutality, taste and power." which is the name of the next studio album by Brainbombs. Urge to Kill being the name of an album of the same name they released in 1998. And "Do What's Right" sourcing from "No Guilt" from the "Anne Frank" single.

## Other websites

Full LP with missing track

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Burning Hell
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Brainbombs
- **released**: June 1, 1992
- **length**: 43:46
- **label**: Blackjack Records
- **prev title**: It's a Burning Hell / No Place, It's a Burning Hell
- **prev year**: 1992
- **next title**: Live Action at ROCK ALL, Oslo
- **next year**: 1994
Netsky

**Boris Daenen** (born 22 March 1989), also known as **Netsky**, is a Belgian DJ who performs with Drum and bass music. He is signed to Hospital Records.
Obey (Brainbombs album)

***Obey*** is the third album by Swedish noise rock band Brainbombs, it is also their most popular album. It was first released in 1996 through record labels Releasing Eskimo and Slow Dance, then it was released on vinyl in the United States in 1997. Armageddon Records has reissued the album many times, on both CD and vinyl. The person on the album cover is American murderer Ed Gein. The first 35 seconds of "Kill Them All" are recorded from a Kawai MS710 keyboard demonstration track.

## Background

Obey was recorded during October of either 1994 or 1995. It was then produced by producer Birger Thorburn and released though Releasing Eskimo in 1996.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Obey
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Brainbombs
- **released**: 1996
- **recorded**: October 1995
- **length**: 44:30
- **label**: Releasing Eskimo
- **producer**: Birger Thorburn
- **prev title**: Anal Babes/Brainbombs
- **prev year**: 1995
- **next title**: Macht (Brainbombs EP), Macht
- **next year**: 1998
Urge to Kill (Brainbombs album)

***Urge to Kill*** is a studio album by Brainbombs, released on CD by Load Records in 1999. In 2010, Armageddon Records issued the album for the first time on vinyl LP. The album's lyrics are mostly about rape and murder from the perspective of the attacker.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Urge to Kill
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Brainbombs
- **released**: April 20, 1999
- **recorded**: 1998
- **studio**: Studio D-Takt (Uppsala, Sweden)
- **length**: 36:38
- **label**: Load Records
- **producer**: Jan Jutila
- **prev title**: Brainbombs (1999 compilation), Brainbombs
- **prev year**: 1999
- **next title**: Cheap (Brainbombs EP), Cheap
- **next year**: 2003
Brainbombs (1999 compilation)

**Brainbombs** (also known as **Singles Collection**) is a compilation by Brainbombs which compiles songs made by the band from 1989 to 1994.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Singles Collection
- **type**: compilation
- **artist**: Brainbombs
- **cover**: Singles Collection (Brainbombs compilation).jpg
- **released**: June, 1999
- **label**: Load Records
- **prev title**: Macht (Brainbombs EP), Macht
- **prev year**: 1998
- **next title**: Urge to Kill (Brainbombs album), Urge to Kill
- **next year**: 1999
Doljin Demberel

**Doljin Demberel** (born 19 May 1938) is a Mongolian archer. She competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Gombosure Enkhtaivan

**Gombosure Enkhtaivan** is a Mongolian archer. She competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
Dorjsembeegiin Erdenchimeg

**Dorjsembeegiin Erdenchimeg** (born 14 January 1959) is a Mongolian archer. Erdenchimeg competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Dorjsembeegiin Erdenchimeg
- **nationality**: Mongolian
- **sport**: Archery
Jantsangiin Gantögs

**Jantsangiin Gantögs** (born 12 April 1972) is a Mongolian archer. Gantögs competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Jantsangiin Gantögs
- **birth place**: Moscow, Soviet Union
- **country**: Mongolia
- **sport**: Archery
Jargalyn Otgon

**Jargalyn Otgon** (born 5 February 1957) is a Mongolian archer. Otgon competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics and the 1996 Summer Olympics.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Jargalyn Otgon
- **nationality**: Mongolian
- **sport**: Archery
Universe (Savage Garden song)

"**Universe**" is a 1997 song by Australian pop duo Savage Garden and is the fifth single from their self-titled debut studio album. It went to number 25 in New Zealand and number 26 in Australia.

## Track listing

1. "Universe" – 4:21
1. "Love Can Move You" – 4:47
1. "This Side of Me" (short version) – 3:51
1. "Universe" (Future of Earthly Delites Mix) – 4:38

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Universe
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Savage Garden
- **album**: Savage Garden (Savage Garden album), Savage Garden
- **recorded**: 1995–1996
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **length**: 4:21
- **label**: Roadshow Music
- **writer**: Darren Hayes, Daniel Jones (musician), Daniel Jones
- **producer**: Mike Pela
- **prev title**: Break Me Shake Me
- **prev year**: 1997
- **next title**: All Around Me (Savage Garden song), All Around Me
- **next year**: 1998
Chained to You

"**Chained to You**" is a 2000 song by Australian pop duo Savage Garden and is the fifth single from their second studio album _Affirmation_. It went to number 16 on the Australian charts and no music video was made.

## Track listings

**Australia**
1. "Chained to You" – 4:08
1. "Affirmation" (live in Brisbane, May 2000) – 5:44
1. "I Want You" (live in Brisbane, May 2000) – 3:55
1. "I Knew I Loved You" (live in Brisbane, May 2000) – 8:23

**Europe**
1. "Chained to You" – 4:08
1. "Affirmation" (live in Brisbane, May 2000) – 5:44

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Chained to You
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Savage Garden
- **album**: Affirmation (Savage Garden album), Affirmation
- **released**: 2 October 2000
- **length**: 4:08
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: Darren Hayes, Daniel Jones (musician), Daniel Jones, Walter Afanasieff
- **prev title**: Crash and Burn (Savage Garden song), Crash and Burn
- **prev year**: 2000
- **next title**: Hold Me (Savage Garden song), Hold Me
- **next year**: 2000
You Were Meant for Me (Jewel song)

"**You Were Meant for Me**" is a 1996 song by Jewel and is the second single from her debut studio album _Pieces of You_. It went to number 2 in the United States and Canada, number 32 in the United Kingdom, number 22 in New Zealand, number 69 in the Netherlands, number 30 in Scotland, number 37 in Iceland and number 3 in Australia. It was covered by Irish girl group Bellefire.

## Track listings

- **US CD single and cassette single**
1. "You Were Meant for Me" (album edit) – 3:48
1. "Foolish Games" (album version) – 5:38

- **US CD single re-release**
1. "You Were Meant for Me" (album edit) – 3:48
1. "Foolish Games" (album version) – 5:38
1. "Foolish Games" (radio edit) – 4:01
<small>* The "Foolish Games" radio edit is not listed on the inlay of the single</small>

- **UK and Australian CD single, UK cassette single**
1. "You Were Meant for Me" (album edit) – 3:39
1. "Cold Song" – 1:03
1. "Rocker Girl" – 1:44

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: You Were Meant for Me
- **caption**: Standard artwork _(U.S. CD cardboard release pictured)_
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Jewel (singer), Jewel
- **album**: Pieces of You
- **b-side**: * "Foolish Games"
* "Cold Song"
* "Rocker Girl"
- **length**: * 4:13 (album version)
* 3:45 (radio edit)
- **label**: Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **writer**: * Jewel Kilcher
* Steve Poltz
- **producer**: * Ben Keith
* Peter Collin
- **prev title**: Who Will Save Your Soul
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: Foolish Games
- **next year**: 1997
Hold Me (Savage Garden song)

"**Hold Me**" is a 2000 song by Australian pop duo Savage Garden and is the sixth single from their second studio album _Affirmation_. It went to number 16 in the United Kingdom, number 17 in Scotland, number 13 in New Zealand, number 31 in Ireland, number 54 in Australia and number 21 in Poland.

### United Kingdom

**CD1**
1. "Hold Me" (radio version) – 3:54
1. "Crash and Burn" (Live in the Studio) – 4:08
1. "Truly Madly Deeply" (Australian version) – 4:38

**CD2**
1. "Hold Me" (radio version) – 3:54
1. "I Want You" (live acoustic) – 2:48
1. "I Knew I Loved You" (live in Brisbane, May 2000) – 3:26

**Cassette**
1. "Hold Me" (radio version) – 3:54
1. "Truly Madly Deeply" (Australian version) – 4:38

### Europe

**Single CD**
1. "Hold Me" (radio version) – 3:54
1. "Truly Madly Deeply" (Australian version) – 4:38

**Maxi-CD**
1. "Hold Me" (radio version) – 3:54
1. "Truly Madly Deeply" (Australian version) – 4:38
1. "I Want You" (live acoustic) – 2:48
1. "I Knew I Loved You" (live in Brisbane, May 2000) – 3:26

### Australia

1. "Hold Me" – 4:50
1. "Hold Me" (live in Brisbane, May 2000) – 5:10
1. "The Best Thing" (live in Brisbane, May 2000) – 5:29
1. "Affirmation" (Almighty Remix) – 8:04

### New Zealand

1. "Hold Me" (radio version) – 3:54
1. "Crash and Burn" (live in the Studio) – 4:08
1. "I Want You" (live acoustic) – 2:48
1. "I Knew I Loved You" (live in Brisbane, May 2000) – 3:26

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Hold Me
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Savage Garden
- **album**: Affirmation (Savage Garden album), Affirmation
- **length**: 4:51
- **label**: Village Roadshow, Roadshow, Warner Music Group, Warner, Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: Daniel Jones (musician), Daniel Jones, Darren Hayes
- **producer**: Walter Afanasieff, Daniel Jones, Darren Hayes
- **prev title**: Chained to You
- **prev year**: 2000
- **next title**: The Best Thing (Savage Garden song), The Best Thing
- **next year**: 2001
Beta Pictoris

**Beta Pictoris** is a star in the constellation of Pictor. The star has two planets around it named Beta Pictoris b and Beta Pictoris c.

Beta Pictoris is visible to the eye at night but can only be seen in the southern hemisphere. The star is 63.4 light years away from Earth. Beta Pictoris also has a "dust cloud" around it.
Affirmation (Savage Garden song)

"**Affirmation**" is a 2000 song by Australian pop duo Savage Garden and is the title track to their second studio album _Affirmation_. It went to number 8 in the United Kingdom and Scotland, number 26 in Sweden, number 23 in Ireland, number 29 in New Zealand, number 36 in Canada, number 16 in Australia and number 2 in Singapore.

## Track listings

All live tracks were recorded at the Brisbane Entertainment Centre in May 2000.

- **Australian CD single**
1. "Affirmation"
1. "I Don't Care"
1. "Affirmation" (Stop Beats mix)
1. "I Knew I Loved You" (crossover mix)

- **UK CD1**
1. "Affirmation" (radio version) – 4:15
1. "Affirmation" (Almighty remix)
1. "Crash & Burn" (Eddie's crossover mix) – 3:40

- **UK CD2**
1. "Affirmation" (live) – 5:46
1. "Truly Madly Deeply" (live) – 4:37
1. "I Knew I Loved You" (live) – 4:56

- **UK cassette single**
1. "Affirmation" – 4:54
1. "Truly Madly Deeply" (live) – 4:37

- **European CD single**
1. "Affirmation" (radio version) – 4:15
1. "Affirmation" (Stop Beats mix) – 4:15

- **European maxi-CD single**
1. "Affirmation" (radio version) – 4:15
1. "Affirmation" (Stop Beats mix) – 4:15
1. "I Knew I Loved You" (Eddie's savage dance mix) – 5:58
1. "Two Beds and a Coffee Machine" (piano and vocal mix) – 3:25

- **Japanese CD single**
1. "Affirmation" (groovy mix)
1. "I Knew I Loved You" (Mini-Me mix)
1. "I Knew I Loved You" (Eddie's rhythm radio mix)
1. "Two Beds and a Coffee Machine" (piano and vocal)
1. "I Don't Care" (original version)

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Affirmation
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Savage Garden
- **album**: Affirmation (Savage Garden album), Affirmation
- **length**: 4:15
- **label**: * Village Roadshow, Roadshow Music
* Warner Music Australasia, Warner Music Australia
- **writer**: * Daniel Jones (musician), Daniel Jones
* Darren Hayes
- **producer**: * Walter Afanasieff
* Daniel Jones
* Darren Hayes
- **prev title**: I Knew I Loved You
- **prev year**: 1999
- **next title**: Crash and Burn (Savage Garden song), Crash and Burn
- **next year**: 2000
Area code 773

**Area code 773** serves Chicago, Illinois, outside the Chicago Loop and the innermost neighborhoods.

At first, all of Chicago and its suburbs used area code 312. In 1989, area code 708 was created for the suburbs, leaving the city in area code 312.

By the mid-1990s, Chicago's continued growth and the spread of cell phones and pagers made it obvious that the city needed a new area code. It was decided to split off all of the city outside the downtown area as 773. The new area code went into effect on October 12, 1996. Tolerant dialing of 312 continued across Chicago until January 11, 1997.  On August 10, 2007, the Illinois Commerce Commission announced that area code 872 would overlay area codes 312 and 773; it went into service on November 7, 2009.
Sports for the disabled

**Sports for the disabled**, also called **parasports** are sports played by people with a disability, including physical and intellectual disabilities. Some are adapted from existing able-bodied sports. Some have been made for persons with a disability and do not have an able-bodied equivalent. There are  four categories: physical, mental, permanent and temporary. In competitions disability sport classifications enable fair competition between people with different types of disabilities.

Much like with other sports, there are sports for everyday people, and sports for people who do this professionally.

These sports started in the nineteenth century. The "Cripples Olympiad" was held in the U.S.A.  in 1911.  The first  deaf sport games - the 'Paris Silent Games' - was in 1924. This led to the modern Deaflympics. After the end of World War II there were many soldiers and civilians disabled. Sport was used as method of treatment and rehabilitation.   Ludwig Guttmann, a leading German neurologist set up the first Stoke Mandeville Games on July 28th 1948,  the same day as the Opening Ceremony of the 1948 Olympic Games in London. This was for wheelchair athletes.  The first Paralympic Games were in Rome in 1960.  Games people with intellectual disabilities started in the 1960s.  The first Special Olympics were held in Chicago in 1968.  In 1986, the International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disability (INAS-FID) was formed to support competition for athletes with intellectual disabilities. The International Paralympic Committee was set up in 1989  in Düsseldorf. At the  London 2012 Paralympic Games there were 23 parasports.

## Disability sport classification

There are many different sorts of disabilities. The International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD) was created in 1964.  At first the classifications were medical, so people who had polio were put together. They were very different in how they were affected.  Functional classification systems were developed, as they were better at putting people with similar abilities together.  They have been used since the 1980s.

There are six big specific disability sport organizations  governing classification:

- Cerebral Palsy-International Sport and Recreation Association for cerebral palsy and head injuries,
- International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation for spinal cord injuries,
- International Sports Organization for the Disabled for orthopaedic conditions and amputees,
- International Sports Federation for Persons with Intellectual Disability for people with intellectual disabilities,
- International Blind Sports Federation for blind and vision impaired athletes.

As members of the International Paralympic Committee, they have to comply with classification code spelled out by the IPC on how to establish and maintain a classification system.

The International Sports Federations are in charge of classification for  some disability types in  athletics, alpine skiing, wheelchair rugby and lawn bowls.
Bruno Guimarães

**Bruno Guimarães Rodriguez Moura** (born 16 November 1997) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for  club Newcastle United and the Brazil national team.

He has been married to Ana Lídia Martins Guimarães since 2022.

## Other websites

- Bruno Guimarães

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Bruno Guimarães
- **image**: Bruno Guimarães.png
- **caption**: Bruno Guimarães with Newcastle United F.C., Newcastle United in 2024
- **full name**: Bruno Guimarães Rodrigues Moura
- **birth place**: Imperial de São Cristóvão, Brazil
- **height**: 1.82 m
- **position**: Central midfielder
- **currentclub**: Newcastle United F.C., Newcastle United
- **clubnumber**: 39
- **youthclubs1**: Audax Rio de Janeiro Esporte Clube, Audax Rio
- **youthyears2**: 2015
- **youthclubs2**: Grêmio Osasco Audax Esporte Clube, Audax
- **years1**: 2015–2018
- **clubs1**: Grêmio Osasco Audax Esporte Clube, Audax
- **caps1**: 8
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 2017–2018
- **clubs2**: → Club Athletico Paranaense, Athletico Paranaense (loan)
- **caps2**: 7
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2018–2020
- **clubs3**: Club Athletico Paranaense, Athletico Paranaense
- **caps3**: 66
- **goals3**: 5
- **years4**: 2020–2022
- **clubs4**: Olympique Lyonnais, Lyon
- **caps4**: 56
- **goals4**: 3
- **years5**: 2022–
- **clubs5**: Newcastle United F.C., Newcastle United
- **caps5**: 130
- **goals5**: 23
- **nationalyears1**: 2019–2021
- **nationalteam1**: Brazil national under-23 football team, Brazil U23
- **nationalcaps1**: 18
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2020–
- **nationalteam2**: Brazil national football team, Brazil
- **nationalcaps2**: 37
- **nationalgoals2**: 2
- **club-update**: 23:40, 5 October 2025 (UTC)
- **nationalteam-update**: 03:00, 10 September 2025 (UTC)
2008–09 Red Bull Salzburg season

The** 2008-09 Red Bull Salzburg season** brought the 5th title for Salzburg and the 2nd since the Red Bull takeover.

### Table

|Pl.|Team||W|D|G|Goals|Points||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**FC Red Bull Salzburg**|align="left"|36|align="right"|23|align="center"|5|align="center"|8|align="center"|86:50|align="center"|74|
|**SK Rapid Wien**|align="left"|36|align="right"|21|align="center"|7|align="center"|8|align="center"|89:43|align="center"|70|
|**FK Austria Wien**|align="left"|36|align="right"|17|align="center"|11|align="center"|8|align="center"|59:46|align="center"|62|
|**SK Sturm Graz**|align="left"|36|align="right"|17|align="center"|9|align="center"|10|align="center"|68:45|align="center"|60|
|**SV Ried**|align="left"|36|align="right"|17|align="center"|9|align="center"|10|align="center"|58:38|align="center"|60|
|**SK Austria Kärnten**|align="left"|36|align="right"|11|align="center"|8|align="center"|17|align="center"|47:57|align="center"|41|
|**LASK**|align="left"|36|align="right"|11|align="center"|4|align="center"|21|align="center"|35:67|align="center"|37|
|**Kapfenberger SV**|align="left"|36|align="right"|10|align="center"|6|align="center"|20|align="center"|48:81|align="center"|36|
|**SV Mattersburg**|align="left"|36|align="right"|8|align="center"|9|align="center"|19|align="center"|42:71|align="center"|33|
|**SCR Altach**|align="left"|36|align="right"|8|align="center"|6|align="center"|22|align="center"|56:90|align="center"|30|

## Topscorer

|Name|Goals|
| --- | --- |
|Marc Janko|39|
|Robin Nelisse|12|
|Alexander Zickler|5|
Joelinton

**Joelinton Cássio Apolinário de Lira** (born 14 August 1996) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder or winger for Premier League club Newcastle United and the Brazil national team.

Starting his career with Sport Recife, Joelinton joined Hoffenheim in 2015, and was loaned to Rapid Wien for two years from 2016, before joining Newcastle United in 2019, where he was  converted from a striker to a midfielder under the management of Eddie Howe. He has also been capped for the Brazil under-17 national team, and made his debut for the senior team in 2023.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joelinton
- **image**: Joelinton 2021-08-07 1.jpg
- **caption**: Joelinton in 2021
- **birth name**: Joelinton Cássio Apolinário de Lira
- **birth place**: Aliança, Brazil
- **occupation**: Footballer
- **years active**: 2010–present
- **height**: 1.86 m
- **partner**: Thays Gondim (2015–present)


## Infobox (football biography)

- **full name**: Joelinton Cássio Apolinário de Lira
- **position**: Midfielder
- **currentclub**: Newcastle United F.C., Newcastle United
- **clubnumber**: 7
- **youthyears1**: 2010–2014
- **youthclubs1**: Sport Club do Recife, Sport Recife
- **years1**: 2014–2015
- **clubs1**: Sport Club do Recife, Sport Recife
- **caps1**: 12
- **goals1**: 3
- **years2**: 2015–2019
- **clubs2**: TSG 1899 Hoffenheim, 1899 Hoffenheim
- **caps2**: 29
- **goals2**: 7
- **years3**: 2016–2018
- **clubs3**: → SK Rapid Wien, Rapid Wien (loan)
- **caps3**: 60
- **goals3**: 15
- **years4**: 2019–
- **clubs4**: Newcastle United F.C., Newcastle United
- **caps4**: 146
- **goals4**: 17
- **nationalyears1**: 2012
- **nationalteam1**: Brazil national under-17 football team, Brazil U17
- **nationalcaps1**: 4
- **nationalgoals1**: 2
- **nationalyears2**: 2023–
- **nationalteam2**: Brazil national football team, Brazil
- **nationalcaps2**: 5
- **nationalgoals2**: 1
- **club-update**: 17:09, 25 November 2023 (UTC)
- **nationalteam-update**: 9 September 2023
- **name**: Joelinton Football profile
House of Poitiers

The **House of Poitiers**, or the **Ramnulfids**, were a French dynasty that ruled the County of Poitou and Duchy of Aquitaine from the 9th through to the 12th centuries. Some notable members of this house include: Eleanor of Aquitaine and Adelaide of Aquitaine. Later the house of Poitiers ruled the Principality of Antioch and Kingdom of Cyprus.
Igny, Essonne

**Igny** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Igny
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: IgnyMairie.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Igny
- **image coat of arms**: Blason d'Igny.svg
- **insee**: 91312
- **postal code**: 91430
- **arrondissement**: Palaiseau
- **canton**: Palaiseau
- **intercommunality**: Paris-Saclay
- **mayor**: Francisque Vigouroux
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 62
- **elevation max m**: 154
- **area km2**: 3.82
Itteville

**Itteville** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Itteville
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Itteville IMG 2686.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Itteville
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Itteville (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91315
- **postal code**: 91760
- **arrondissement**: Étampes
- **canton**: Mennecy
- **intercommunality**: Val d'Essonne
- **mayor**: François Parolini
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 47
- **elevation max m**: 141
- **area km2**: 12.20
Wallingford Castle

**Wallingford Castle** was a medieval castle in Wallingford, Oxfordshire. It was built in the 11th century as a motte-and-bailey design. Empress Matilda used it during the Anarchy and was where the Treaty of Wallingford was agreed. It later became a royal residence but was abandoned in the reign of Henry VIII and fell into ruin.
Janville-sur-Juine

**Janville-sur-Juine** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Janville-sur-Juine
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Janville-sur-Juine mairie.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Janville-sur-Juine
- **insee**: 91318
- **postal code**: 91510
- **arrondissement**: Étampes
- **canton**: Arpajon
- **intercommunality**: Entre Juine et Renarde
- **mayor**: Christophe Gardahaut
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 59
- **elevation max m**: 152
- **area km2**: 10.67
Janvry, Essonne

**Janvry** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Janvry
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Janvry town hall and school.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall and school in Janvry
- **insee**: 91319
- **postal code**: 91640
- **arrondissement**: Palaiseau
- **canton**: Dourdan
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Limours
- **mayor**: Christian Schoettl
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 113
- **elevation max m**: 172
- **area km2**: 8.24
Lardy, Essonne

**Lardy** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Lardy
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Lardy1.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Lardy
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Lardy (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91330
- **postal code**: 91510
- **arrondissement**: Étampes
- **canton**: Arpajon
- **intercommunality**: Entre Juine et Renarde
- **mayor**: Dominique Bougraud
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 57
- **elevation max m**: 154
- **area km2**: 7.63
Anglo-Russian Convention

The Anglo-Russian Convention/Entente of 1907 was an agreement between the United Kingdom and Russian Empire about Persia (modern-day Iran), Afghanistan, and Tibet. It was signed on August 31, 1907, in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The purpose was to resolve their rivalry in Central Asia and counter the German Empire threat of connecting Berlin to Baghdad through a new railroad.

The convention settled the dispute over Persia. Russia recognized southern Persia as part of the British sphere of influence, and Britain agreed to stay out of northern Persia. Russia also promised not to interfere in Tibet and Afghanistan, and Britain extended loans and political support in return.
|Signed|
| --- |
|31 August [O.S. 18 August] 1907|
|Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire|
|* United Kingdom * Russian Empire|
The agreement clarified the boundaries and control of each country in Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet. It established spheres of influence, respecting Britain's influence over Afghanistan and ensuring non-interference in Tibet's internal affairs. The convention played a role in the formation of the Triple Entente, a coalition between the UK, France, and Russia.
Leudeville

**Leudeville** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Leudeville
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mairie de Leudeville (Essonne).jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Leudeville
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Leudeville (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91332
- **postal code**: 91630
- **arrondissement**: Palaiseau
- **canton**: Brétigny-sur-Orge
- **intercommunality**: Val d'Essonne
- **mayor**: Jean-Pierre Lecomte
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 74
- **elevation max m**: 87
- **area km2**: 7.84
Leuville-sur-Orge

**Leuville-sur-Orge** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Leuville-sur-Orge
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mairie Leuville 2010 YF 7995.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Leuville
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Leuville-sur-Orge (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91333
- **postal code**: 91310
- **arrondissement**: Palaiseau
- **canton**: Arpajon
- **intercommunality**: Cœur d'Essonne
- **mayor**: Eric Braive
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 42
- **elevation max m**: 92
- **area km2**: 2.49
Limours

**Limours** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Limours
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: LimoursMairie.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Limours
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Limours (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91338
- **postal code**: 91470
- **arrondissement**: Palaiseau
- **canton**: Dourdan
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Limours
- **mayor**: Chantal Thiriet
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 100
- **elevation max m**: 177
- **area km2**: 14.25
Lisses

**Lisses** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Lisses
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mairie Lisses IMG 2295.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Lisses
- **insee**: 91340
- **postal code**: 91090
- **arrondissement**: Évry
- **canton**: Corbeil-Essonnes
- **intercommunality**: Grand Paris Sud Seine-Essonne-Sénart
- **mayor**: Michel Souloumiac
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 38
- **elevation max m**: 89
- **area km2**: 10.40
Longjumeau

**Longjumeau** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Longjumeau
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mairie longjumeau.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Longjumeau
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Longjumeau (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91345
- **postal code**: 91160
- **arrondissement**: Palaiseau
- **canton**: Longjumeau
- **intercommunality**: Paris-Saclay
- **mayor**: Sandrine Gelot
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 40
- **elevation max m**: 93
- **area km2**: 4.84
Juvisy-sur-Orge

**Juvisy-sur-Orge** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France. It is 18 km southeast of Paris.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Juvisy-sur-Orge
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: JuvisyMairie.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Juvisy-sur-Orge
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Juvisy-sur-Orge (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91326
- **postal code**: 91260
- **arrondissement**: Palaiseau
- **canton**: Athis-Mons
- **intercommunality**: Grand Paris
- **mayor**: Lamia Bensarsa Reda
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 32
- **elevation max m**: 92
- **area km2**: 2.24
Longpont-sur-Orge

**Longpont-sur-Orge** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Longpont-sur-Orge
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Longpont-sur-Orge Mairie.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Longpont-sur-Orge
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Longpont-sur-Orge (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91347
- **postal code**: 91310
- **arrondissement**: Palaiseau
- **canton**: Brétigny-sur-Orge
- **intercommunality**: Cœur d'Essonne
- **mayor**: Alain Lamour
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **party**: Miscellaneous left, DVG
- **elevation min m**: 37
- **elevation max m**: 96
- **area km2**: 5.05
Maisse

**Maisse** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Maisse
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Maisse IMG 5147.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Maisse
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Maisse (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91359
- **postal code**: 91720
- **arrondissement**: Évry
- **canton**: Mennecy
- **intercommunality**: Deux Vallées
- **mayor**: Eric Perron
- **term**: 2022–2026
- **elevation min m**: 59
- **elevation max m**: 147
- **area km2**: 21.58
Marcoussis

**Marcoussis** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Marcoussis
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mairie Marcoussis.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Marcoussis
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Marcoussis (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91363
- **postal code**: 91460
- **arrondissement**: Palaiseau
- **canton**: Les Ulis
- **intercommunality**: Paris-Saclay
- **mayor**: Olivier Thomas
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 65
- **elevation max m**: 172
- **area km2**: 16.8
Marolles-en-Beauce

**Marolles-en-Beauce** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Marolles-en-Beauce
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: 2013 marolles en beauce 012.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Marolles-en-Beauce
- **insee**: 91374
- **postal code**: 91150
- **arrondissement**: Étampes
- **canton**: Étampes
- **intercommunality**: Étampois Sud Essonne
- **mayor**: Alain Perdigeon
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 123
- **elevation max m**: 149
- **area km2**: 6.00
Marolles-en-Hurepoix

**Marolles-en-Hurepoix** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Marolles-en-Hurepoix
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mairie de Marolles-en-Hurepoix (Essonne).jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Marolles-en-Hurepoix
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Marolles-en-Hurepoix (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91376
- **postal code**: 91630
- **arrondissement**: Palaiseau
- **canton**: Brétigny-sur-Orge
- **intercommunality**: Cœur d'Essonne
- **mayor**: Georges Joubert
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 77
- **elevation max m**: 89
- **area km2**: 6.47
Mauchamps

**Mauchamps** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Mauchamps
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mairie Mauchamps.JPG
- **caption**: The town hall in Mauchamps
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Mauchamps (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91378
- **postal code**: 91730
- **arrondissement**: Étampes
- **canton**: Dourdan
- **intercommunality**: Entre Juine et Renarde
- **mayor**: Thomas Gonsard
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 122
- **elevation max m**: 156
- **area km2**: 3.16
Mennecy

**Mennecy** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Mennecy
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mennecy - 20131111 133309.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Mennecy
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Mennecy (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91386
- **postal code**: 91540
- **arrondissement**: Évry
- **canton**: Mennecy
- **intercommunality**: Val d'Essonne
- **mayor**: Jean-Philippe Dugoin-Clément
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 42
- **elevation max m**: 97
- **area km2**: 11.09
Le Mérévillois

**Le Mérévillois** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France. It was created on 1 January 2019 and consists of the former communes of Estouches and Méréville (the seat).

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Le Mérévillois
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Méréville (Essonne) Hôtel de ville-1.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Méréville
- **insee**: 91390
- **postal code**: 91660
- **arrondissement**: Étampes
- **canton**: Étampes
- **intercommunality**: Étampois Sud Essonne
- **mayor**: Guy Desmurs
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 82
- **elevation max m**: 142
- **area km2**: 32.97
Estouches

**Estouches** is a former commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Le Mérévillois.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Estouches
- **image**: Gare d'Estouches (Lunon).jpg
- **caption**: The former railway station in Estouches
- **insee**: 91222
- **postal code**: 91660
- **arrondissement**: Étampes
- **canton**: Étampes
- **commune**: Le Mérévillois
- **elevation min m**: 124
- **elevation max m**: 138
- **area km2**: 5.98
- **population**: 254
- **population date**: 2019
Méréville, Essonne

**Méréville** is a former commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Le Mérévillois.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Méréville
- **image**: Méréville (Essonne) Hôtel de ville-1.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Méréville
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Méréville (Essonne).svg
- **insee**: 91390
- **postal code**: 91660
- **arrondissement**: Étampes
- **canton**: Étampes
- **commune**: Le Mérévillois
- **elevation min m**: 82
- **elevation max m**: 142
- **area km2**: 26.99
- **population**: 3051
- **population date**: 2019
Courcouronnes

**Courcouronnes** is a former commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Essonne department in north France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune  of Évry-Courcouronnes. In 2018, 13,490 people lived there.

The commune is in the southern suburbs of Paris,  from the center.

The aerospace company Arianespace is headquartered in Courcouronnes.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Courcouronnes
- **image**: Mairie Courcouronnes IMG 2297.jpg
- **caption**: The town hall in Courcouronnes
- **map size**: 270px
- **adjustable map**: Courcouronnes_map.png
- **map caption**: Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs
- **arrondissement**: Évry
- **canton**: Évry-Courcouronnes
- **insee**: 91182
- **postal code**: 91080
- **commune**: Évry-Courcouronnes
- **elevation min m**: 77
- **elevation max m**: 96
- **area km2**: 4.37
- **population**: 13490
- **population date**: 2018
Dame Sue Carr

**Dame Sue Carr** is the first female Chief Justice of England and Wales. She is the 98th person in that role since the post was created in the 13th century.
Lipa, Batangas

**Lipa** is a city in the province of Batangas, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, 372,931 people lived there.
Cella Monte

**Cella Monte** is a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Cella Monte
- **official name**: Comune di Cella Monte
- **image skyline**: Cella Monte-panorama1.jpg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Alessandria, Alessandria (AL)
- **mayor**: Carla Freddi<span style=font-size:smaller>
 (elected 16 May 2011)</span>
- **area total km2**: 5.6
- **population total**: 542
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population demonym**: Cellesi
- **elevation m**: 268
- **postal code**: 15034
- **area code**: 0142
Cereseto

**Cereseto** is a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Cereseto
- **official name**: Comune di Cereseto
- **image skyline**: Cereseto-panorama da Treville.jpg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Alessandria, Alessandria (AL)
- **area total km2**: 10.44
- **population total**: 471
- **population as of**: Dec. 2004
- **elevation m**: 280
- **postal code**: 15020
- **area code**: 0142
Cerreto Grue

**Cerreto Grue** is a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Cerreto Grue
- **official name**: Comune di Cerreto Grue
- **image skyline**: CerretoGrue panorama.jpg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Alessandria, Alessandria (AL)
- **area total km2**: 4.75
- **population total**: 346
- **population as of**: Dec. 2004
- **elevation m**: 251
- **postal code**: 15050
- **area code**: 0131
Cerrina Monferrato

**Cerrina Monferrato** is a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Cerrina Monferrato
- **official name**: Comune di Cerrina Monferrato
- **image skyline**: DJI0892Cerrina.jpg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Alessandria, Alessandria (AL)
- **frazioni**: Valle, Montalero, Piancerreto, Montaldo, Rosingo
- **mayor**: Marco Cornaglia
- **area total km2**: 17.3
- **population total**: 1313
- **population as of**: 10 January 2021
- **elevation m**: 225
- **saint**: Nazarius and Celsus
- **day**: 28 July
- **postal code**: 15020
- **area code**: 0142
Coniolo

**Coniolo** is a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Coniolo
- **official name**: Comune di Coniolo
- **image skyline**: Chiesa Parrocchiale.JPG
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Alessandria, Alessandria (AL)
- **mayor**: Giovanni Spinoglio<small>  (elected 2004-06-13)</small>
- **area total km2**: 10.35
- **population total**: 440
- **population as of**: Dec. 2004
- **population demonym**: Coniolesi
- **elevation m**: 252
- **saint**: Assumption of Mary, Santa Maria Assunta
- **day**: 15 August
- **postal code**: 15030
- **area code**: 0142
Conzano

**Conzano** is a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Conzano
- **official name**: Comune di Conzano
- **image skyline**: Conzano-panorama.jpg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Alessandria, Alessandria (AL)
- **frazioni**: San Maurizio
- **mayor**: Emanuele Demaria
- **area total km2**: 11.61
- **population total**: 1001
- **population as of**: Dec. 2004
- **population demonym**: Conzanesi
- **elevation m**: 262
- **saint**: Saint Lucy of Syracuse
- **day**: 13 December
- **postal code**: 15030
- **area code**: 0142
Costa Vescovato

**Costa Vescovato** is a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Costa Vescovato
- **official name**: Comune di Costa Vescovato
- **image skyline**: CostaVescovato MontaleCelli.jpg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Alessandria, Alessandria (AL)
- **frazioni**: Arpicella, Casale Montesoro, Cascina San Leto, Cascina Sposino, Montale Celli, Sarizzola
- **mayor**: Fabio Boveri
- **area total km2**: 7.7
- **population total**: 346
- **population as of**: Dec. 2004
- **population demonym**: Costaioli
- **elevation m**: 305
- **postal code**: 15050
- **area code**: 0131
Ada Dietz

**Ada K. Dietz** (October 7, 1888 – January 12, 1981) was an American weaver. Today she is mostly known for her 1949 monograph _Algebraic Expressions in Handwoven Textiles. In it, she_ defines a method for inventing weaving patterns based on algebraic ones.

Her method uses the expansion of multivariate polynomials to make a weaving scheme. Dietz' work is still well-regarded today, by both weavers and mathematicians. Along with the references listed below, Griswold (2001) cites several additional articles on her work.

## Algebraic weaving

Ada Dietz developed her algebraic method in 1946 while she was in Long Beach, California. As she liked weaving, Dietz used  her experience as a former math teacher to make a threading pattern based on a cubic binomial expansion.  She describes her idea as follows:

- "Taking the cube of a binomial  (_x_ + _y_)<sup>3</sup>, I approached  in the way applied algebraic problems are approached - by letting _x_ equal one unknown and _y_ equal the other unknown.

- "In this case, _x_ equaled the first and second harnesses, and _y_ equaled the third and fourth harnesses.  Then it was simply a matter of expanding the cube of the binomial and substituting the values of _x_ and _y_ to write the threading draft." (Dietz, 1949)

A piece based on the formula (_a_ + _b_ + _c_ + _d_ + _e_ + _f_)<sup>2</sup>, submitted to the Little Loomhouse Country Fair in Louisville, Kentucky received a positive response. This prompted a collaboration between Dietz and Little Loomhouse's founder, Lou Tate.  The fruits of the collaboration included the booklet _Algebraic Expressions in Handwoven Textiles_ and a traveling exhibit which continued throughout the 1950s.

## History and development

Diez was a high school teacher. She taught biology and mathematics. She then met Ruth E. Foster, a professional weaver with the Hewson Studios in Los Angeles.  Fosters work nspired Dietz to begin studying weaving at Wayne University in Detroit. One of her teachers was Nellie Sargent Johnson. Her experiments in writing weaving drafts began in Johnson's classes.It was later when Dietz and Foster were driving north to study at the Banff School of Fine Arts in Canada that she began using mathematical equations. She wanted "a reason for writing a draft in a definite way", and went to the mathematical equations she had worked with for so long.

## Sources

- Redfield, Gail (1959). "Variations on an Algebraic Equation". _Handweaver & Craftsman_ (Summer): 46-49

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Ada K. Dietz
- **image**: Ada Dietz (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Michigan
- **death place**: San Bernardino County California
- **resting place**: Elmwood Cemetery
- **nationality**: American
- **known for**: Mathematics and fiber arts
- **notable works**: Algebraic Expressions in Handwoven Textiles, 1949
Cremolino

**Cremolino** is a _comune_ in the Province of Alessandria in the Piedmont region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Cremolino
- **official name**: Comune di Cremolino
- **image skyline**: Cremolino-panorama.jpg
- **region**: Piedmont
- **province**: Province of Alessandria, Alessandria (AL)
- **mayor**: Mauro Beretta
- **area total km2**: 14.39
- **population total**: 1066
- **population as of**: Dec. 2004
- **population demonym**: Cremolinesi
- **elevation m**: 405
- **postal code**: 15010
- **area code**: 0143
IWAS World Games

The **International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports (IWAS) World Games** (or **IWAS World Games**) are a multi-sport competition for athletes with a disability. They led to setting up the Paralympic Games. The competition has been formerly known as the **World Wheelchair and Amputee Games**, the **World Wheelchair Games**, the **International Stoke Mandeville Games**, the **Stoke Mandeville Games**, and in the 1960s and 1970s was often called the Wheelchair Olympics.

The first Games were in 1948. The neurologist Sir Ludwig Guttmann organized a sporting competition for World War II veterans with spinal cord injuries at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital  in Aylesbury on July 28th 1948, the same day as the Opening Ceremony of the 1948 Olympic Games in London.  In 1952, the Netherlands joined in the event. This was the first international sports competition for disabled people.

The Paralympic Games,which started in 1960 now include athletes from all disability groups.   The IWAS games are multi-sport events just for wheelchair athletes.
San Carlos, Pangasinan

**San Carlos** is a city in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, 205,424 people lived there. It is the largest city in Pangasinan and the Ilocos Region by population.

The city is called the "Mango-Bamboo Capital of the Philippines".
Stoke Mandeville Hospital

**Stoke Mandeville Hospital** is a large National Health Service hospital in Buckinghamshire, England. It is managed by Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust. It was set up  in 1830 as a cholera hospital.

It has the  National Spinal Injuries Centre. This  is one of the largest specialist spinal units in the world. The pioneering rehabilitation work carried out there by Sir Ludwig Guttmann led to the development of the Paralympic Games. Mandeville, one of the official mascots for the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in London, was named in honour of the hospital's contribution to Paralympic sports.