juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Shigeyoshi Suzuki

was a Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team. He also managed the Japan national team.

## Biography

Suzuki was born in Fukushima Prefecture on October 13, 1902. He was a founding member of the football team at Waseda University High School in 1921, and a founding member of the Waseda University football team in 1924. At Waseda, he played with many Japan national team players including Haruo Arima, Misao Tamai, Tamotsu Asakura, Shigeru Takahashi, Shojiro Sugimura, Nagayasu Honda, Ko Takamoro and Michiyo Taki.

In August 1927, Suzuki was selected the Japan national team at the Far Eastern Championship Games in Shanghai. At this competition, on August 27, he debuted as captain against the Republic of China. On August 29, he also played and scored a goal against the Philippines, and Japan won this match, its first victory in an "International A Match". Suzuki played 2 games and scored 1 goal for Japan in 1927.

In 1930, Suzuki became manager for the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo. He led Japan to the champions. In 1936, he became manager for Japan again and managed at 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Japan completed a come-from-behind victory against Sweden. The first victory in Olympics for the Japan and the historic victory over one of the powerhouses became later known as "Miracle of Berlin" (ベルリンの奇跡) in Japan. In 2016, this team was selected to the Japan Football Hall of Fame.

After World War II, Suzuki became an executive in the insurance industry. He died on December 20, 1971 at the age of 69. In 2007, he was selected to the Japan Football Hall of Fame.

## Statistics

|-
|1927||2||1
|-
!Total||2||1
|}

## Other websites

- Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association
- Japan Football Hall of Fame (Japan team at 1936 Olympics) at Japan Football Association

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Shigeyoshi Suzuki
- **fullname**: Shigeyoshi Suzuki
- **birth place**: Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima, Japan
- **death place**: Japan
- **position**: Forward
- **youthyears1**: 1920–1922
- **youthclubs1**: Waseda University High School
- **youthyears2**: 1923–1926
- **youthclubs2**: Waseda University
- **clubs1**: Waseda WMW
- **nationalyears1**: 1927
- **nationalteam1**: Japan national football team, Japan
- **nationalcaps1**: 2
- **nationalgoals1**: 1
- **manageryears1**: 1930
- **managerclubs1**: Japan national football team, Japan
- **manageryears2**: 1936
- **managerclubs2**: Japan national football team, Japan
The Zephyr Song

"**The Zephyr Song**" is a song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers. It is the second single from the band's eighth studio album, _By the Way_. It was released on August 17, 2002.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: The Zephyr Song
- **artist**: Red Hot Chili Peppers
- **album**: By the Way
- **b-side**: "Body of Water"
"Someone"
"Out of Range"
"Rivers of Avalon"
- **released**: August 17, 2002
- **recorded**: 2002
- **genre**: Alternative rock
- **length**: 3:53
- **label**: Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros.
- **writer**: Flea (musician), Flea, John Frusciante, Frusciante, Anthony Kiedis, Kiedis, Chad Smith, Smith
- **producer**: Rick Rubin
- **prev title**: By the Way (song), By the Way
- **prev year**: 2002
- **next title**: Can't Stop (Red Hot Chili Peppers song), Can't Stop
- **next year**: 2003
Amtrak

**Amtrak** **(AMTK, AMTZ)** is a passenger train company in the United States.  It uses many different types of trains to carry people between more than 500 cities. The United States Government owns and created this company. Originally started on May 1st, 1971 as the **National Railroad Passenger Corporation (NRPC),** any railroad operating intercity passenger service could contract with the NRPC, and join it.

When Amtrak was first formed, they received no railroad tracks, nor any right-of-way as of its formation. All railroad services were continuations of previous services.
Dirk Lehmann

**Dirk Lehmann** (born 16 August 1971) is a former German football player.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Dirk Lehmann
- **image**: DirkLehmann.jpg
- **caption**: Lehmann with Borussia Freialdenhoven
- **fullname**: Dirk Johannes Lehmann
- **birth place**: Aachen, West Germany
- **height**: 1.85 m
- **position**: Forward (association football), Striker
- **currentclub**: SC 1910 Ederen, SC Ederen (manager)
- **youthclubs1**: Alemannia Aachen
- **years1**: 1992–1994
- **clubs1**: 1. FC Köln
- **years2**: 1994–1996
- **clubs2**: Lierse S.K., Lierse
- **caps2**: 18
- **goals2**: 7
- **years3**: 1996–1997
- **clubs3**: R.W.D. Molenbeek (1909), Molenbeek
- **caps3**: 26
- **goals3**: 2
- **years4**: 1997–1998
- **clubs4**: FC Energie Cottbus, Energie Cottbus
- **caps4**: 24
- **goals4**: 1
- **years5**: 1998–1999
- **clubs5**: Fulham F.C., Fulham
- **caps5**: 26
- **goals5**: 2
- **years6**: 1999–2000
- **clubs6**: Hibernian F.C., Hibernian
- **caps6**: 59
- **goals6**: 9
- **years7**: 2001–2002
- **clubs7**: Brighton & Hove Albion F.C., Brighton & Hove Albion
- **caps7**: 7
- **goals7**: 0
- **years8**: 2002–2003
- **clubs8**: Motherwell F.C., Motherwell
- **caps8**: 43
- **goals8**: 9
- **years9**: 2003
- **clubs9**: Yokohama FC
- **caps9**: 12
- **goals9**: 1
- **years10**: 2004
- **clubs10**: SSV Jahn Regensburg, Jahn Regensburg
- **caps10**: 6
- **goals10**: 1
- **years11**: 2004–2013
- **clubs11**: Borussia Freialdenhoven
- **years12**: 2012–2014
- **clubs12**: Borussia Freialdenhoven II
- **years13**: 2014–2015
- **clubs13**: FC Alemannia Bourheim, Alemannia Bourheim
- **caps13**: 22
- **goals13**: 2
- **years14**: 2015–2016
- **clubs14**: Sportfreunde Düren
- **caps14**: 8
- **goals14**: 0
- **years15**: 2016–2020
- **clubs15**: 1. FC 23 Hambach, Hambach
- **manageryears1**: 2009–2012
- **managerclubs1**: Borussia Freialdenhoven (assistant)
- **manageryears2**: 2012–2014
- **managerclubs2**: Borussia Freialdenhoven II (player-manager)
- **manageryears3**: 2014–2015
- **managerclubs3**: FC Alemannia Bourheim, Alemannia Bourheim (player-manager)
- **manageryears4**: 2015–2016
- **managerclubs4**: Sportfreunde Düren (player-manager)
- **manageryears5**: 2016–2020
- **managerclubs5**: 1. FC 23 Hambach, Hambach (player-manager)
- **manageryears6**: 2020–2023
- **managerclubs6**: Alemannia Aachen (U-17 manager)
- **manageryears7**: 2023–
- **managerclubs7**: SC 1910 Ederen, SC Ederen
Zé Roberto (footballer, born 1980)

**José Roberto de Oliveira** (born 9 December 1980) is a Brazilian former football player.

## Club career statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2000|Cruzeiro|Série A|3|0|
|2001|Portuguesa Desportos|Série A|0|0|
|2002|Vitória|Série A|8|3|
|2003|36|6|||
|2004|Kashiwa Reysol|J1 League|18|1|
|2005|Vitória|Série B|0|0|
|2005|Botafogo|Série A|17|3|
|2006|30|9|||
|2007|24|2|||
|2007–08|Schalke|Bundesliga|3|1|
|2008–09|0|0|||
|2009|Flamengo|Série A|25|5|
|2009–10|Schalke|Bundesliga|||

### Flamengo career statistics

- _(Correct  6 December 2009)_
|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|Carioca League|colspan="3"|Brazilian Série A|colspan="3"|Brazilian Cup|colspan="3"|Copa Libertadores|colspan="3"|Copa Sudamericana|colspan="3"|Total||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="1" valign="top"|Flamengo|2009|14|3|4|25|5|2|4|2|0|-|-|-|1|0|0|44|10|6|
_according to sources on._

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Zé Roberto
- **image**: Zeroberto bahia.jpg
- **fullname**: José Roberto de Oliveira
- **birth place**: Itumbiara, Goiás, Brazil
- **currentclub**: Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP), Botafogo (SP)
- **position**: Midfielder, Attacking Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 1996–1997
- **youthclubs1**: Coritiba Foot Ball Club, Coritiba
- **years1**: 1998
- **years2**: 1999
- **years3**: 2000
- **years4**: 2001
- **years5**: 2001
- **years6**: 2002–2003
- **years7**: 2004
- **years8**: 2005
- **years9**: 2005–2008
- **years10**: 2008–2010
- **years11**: 2009
- **years12**: 2010
- **years13**: 2011
- **years14**: 2012–2013
- **years15**: 2013
- **years16**: 2014
- **years17**: 2015–
- **clubs1**: Mirassol Futebol Clube, Mirassol
- **clubs2**: Clube Atlético Juventus, Juventus
- **clubs3**: Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, Cruzeiro
- **clubs4**: S.L. Benfica B, Benfica B
- **clubs5**: Associação Portuguesa de Desportos, Portuguesa
- **clubs6**: Esporte Clube Vitória, Vitória
- **clubs7**: Kashiwa Reysol
- **clubs8**: Esporte Clube Vitória, Vitória
- **clubs9**: Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas, Botafogo
- **clubs10**: FC Schalke 04, Schalke 04
- **clubs11**: → Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, Flamengo (loan)
- **clubs12**: Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama, Vasco da Gama
- **clubs13**: Sport Club Internacional, Internacional
- **clubs14**: Esporte Clube Bahia, Bahia
- **clubs15**: Figueirense Futebol Clube, Figueirense
- **clubs16**: Brasiliense Futebol Clube, Brasiliense
- **clubs17**: Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP), Botafogo (SP)
- **caps1**: –
- **caps2**: –
- **caps3**: 3
- **caps4**: 11
- **caps5**: –
- **caps6**: 42
- **caps7**: 18
- **caps8**: 4
- **caps9**: 71
- **caps10**: 3
- **caps11**: 25
- **caps12**: 24
- **caps13**: 15
- **caps14**: 26
- **goals1**: –
- **goals2**: –
- **goals3**: 0
- **goals4**: 1
- **goals5**: –
- **goals6**: 9
- **goals7**: 1
- **goals8**: 1
- **goals9**: 14
- **goals10**: 1
- **goals11**: 5
- **goals12**: 5
- **goals13**: 2
- **goals14**: 0
- **goals15**: 0
- **goals16**: 0
- **goals17**: 0
- **pcupdate**: 13 January 2014
Robert (footballer, born 1985)

**Robert Pereira da Silva** (born 10 April 1985) is a former Brazilian football player.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2003|Kashiwa Reysol|J1 League|1|0|0|0|1|0|2|0|

## Other websites

- http://www.j-league.or.jp/SS/jpn/team/200301_000011_W0601_J.html

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Robert
- **fullname**: Robert Pereira da Silva
- **birth place**: Brazil
- **position**: Midfielder
- **years1**: 2003–2005
- **years2**: 2003
- **clubs1**: Iraty SC, Iraty
- **clubs2**: →Kashiwa Reysol (loan)
Atlético Clube Goianiense

**Atlético Goianiense** is a Brazilian soccer club.
Ricardinho (footballer, born May 1984)

**José Ricardo dos Santos Oliveira** (born 19 May 1984) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Botafogo-SP.
Paulo Jamelli

**Paulo Roberto Jamelli Júnior** (born 22 July 1974) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.

### Club

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1994|São Paulo|Série A|7|0|||||7|0|
|1995|Santos|Série A|22|8|||||22|8|
|1996|19|5|||||19|5|||
|1997|Kashiwa Reysol|J1 League|28|14|2|1|7|1|37|16|
|1997–98|Zaragoza|La Liga|16|4|||||16|4|
|1998–99|23|4|||||23|4|||
|1999–2000|15|1|||||15|1|||
|2000–01|33|13|||||33|13|||
|2001–02|15|1|||||15|1|||
|2002–03|Segunda División|5|1|||||5|1||
|2003|Corinthians|Série A|19|3|||||19|3|
|2004|Shimizu S-Pulse|J1 League|3|0|0|0|1|0|4|0|
|2004–05|Almería|Segunda División|26|2|||||26|2|

### International

|colspan=3|Brazil||
| --- | --- | --- |
|1996|5|2|

## Honours

- Zaragoza
- Copa del Rey: 2000–01

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Paulo Jamelli
- **fullname**: Paulo Roberto Jamelli Júnior
- **birth place**: São Paulo, Brazil
- **height**: 1.78 m
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **youthclubs1**: São Paulo FC (youth), São Paulo
- **years1**: 1993–1994
- **clubs1**: São Paulo FC, São Paulo
- **caps1**: 21
- **goals1**: 4
- **years2**: 1994
- **clubs2**: → Santa Cruz Futebol Clube, Santa Cruz (loan)
- **years3**: 1995–1996
- **clubs3**: Santos FC, Santos
- **caps3**: 95
- **goals3**: 22
- **years4**: 1997
- **clubs4**: Kashiwa Reysol
- **caps4**: 28
- **goals4**: 14
- **years5**: 1998–2002
- **clubs5**: Real Zaragoza, Zaragoza
- **caps5**: 107
- **goals5**: 24
- **years6**: 2003
- **clubs6**: Sport Club Corinthians Paulista, Corinthians
- **caps6**: 19
- **goals6**: 3
- **years7**: 2004
- **clubs7**: Shimizu S-Pulse
- **caps7**: 3
- **goals7**: 0
- **years8**: 2004–2005
- **clubs8**: UD Almería, Almería
- **caps8**: 26
- **goals8**: 2
- **years9**: 2006
- **clubs9**: Clube Atlético Mineiro, Atlético Mineiro
- **caps9**: 0
- **goals9**: 0
- **years10**: 2007
- **clubs10**: Grêmio Prudente Futebol, Grêmio Prudente
- **caps10**: 1
- **goals10**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1996
- **nationalteam1**: Brazil national football team, Brazil
- **nationalcaps1**: 5
- **nationalgoals1**: 2
- **manageryears1**: 2012
- **managerclubs1**: Clube Náutico Marcílio Dias, Marcílio Dias
- **manageryears2**: 2016
- **managerclubs2**: Independente Futebol Clube, Independente de Limeira
- **manageryears3**: 2016
- **managerclubs3**: Grêmio Esportivo Mauaense, Mauaense
Eugène Terre'Blanche

**Eugène Ney Terre'Blanche** (January 31, 1941 – April 3, 2010) was a Boer-Afrikaner who founded the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB).

## Early life

He was born in Ventersdorp, South Africa. During the apartheid regime, and afterwards, he fought for Afrikaner separatism. He had convictions for illegally possessing weapons, assault and attempted murder.

## Death

He was murdered in Ventersdorp at age 69 by two black males in 2010 while he was taking a nap. He left behind a widow named Martie and a daughter Bea.

### Reactions

Other South African politicians, Whites and Blacks, have reacted to the killings in shock. Black politicians have send their condolences to the family of Terre'Blanche. The murder resulted in racial tensions, but the AWB asked its members not to use violence and stay calm.

The murderers of Terre'Blanche said they worked for him on his farm. They claimed he could not pay them and so they killed him and took his money. They hit him with machetes, knobkiris and iron pipes, and pulled down his trousers.
Emperor Kōshō

was the 5th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  Historians consider Emperor Kōshō to be a legendary person, and the name Kōshō_-tennō_ was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

The _Gukanshō_ records that Kōshō ruled from the palace of _Ikekokoro-no-miya_ at Waki-no-kami in what will come to be known as Yamato province.

## Traditional history

Kōshō is almost certainly a legend. The _Kojiki_ records only his name and genealogy. The  _Nihonshoki_ includes Kōshō as the fourth of .

Emperor Kōshō was the oldest son of Emperor Itoku.  _Jinnō Shōtōki_ records that his mother was Amanotoyototsu-hime, and his grandmother by his mother's side was Okishimimi-no-kami.

## Events of Kōshō's life

The absence of information about Kōshō does not show that he was not real. Very little information is available for study before the rule of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei (509?-571).

### After his death

This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Kōshō.

The actual site of his grave is not known.  According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (_misasagi_) at Nara.

## Related pages

- Emperor of Japan
- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese imperial family tree

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Kōshō
- **title**: Emperor of Japan
- **image**: Tennō Kōshō thumb.jpg
- **reign**: 475 BC – 393 BC (traditional)
- **predecessor**: Emperor Itoku, Itoku
- **successor**: Emperor Kōan, Kōan
- **birth date**: 501 BC
- **death date**: 393 BC (aged 108)
- **burial place**: _Wakigami no Hakata no yama no e no misasagi_  (Nara)
Emperor Kōan

was the 6th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  Historians consider Emperor Kōan to be a legendary person; and the name Kōan_-tennō_ was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

The _Gukanshō_ ruled from the palace of _Akitsushima-no-miya_ at Muro in what will come to be known as Yamato province.

## Traditional history

Kōan is almost certainly a legend. The _Kojiki_ records only his name and genealogy. The  _Nihonshoki_ includes Kōan as the fifth of .

Emperor Kōan was the second son of Emperor Kōshō.  _Jinnō Shōtōki_ records that his mother was Yosotarashi-no-hime, who was the daughter of Okitsuyoso, and ancestress of the Owari.

## Events of Kōan's life

The absence of information about Kōan does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.

### After his death

This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Kōan.

The actual site of his grave is not known.  According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (_misasagi_) at Nara.

## Related pages

- Emperor of Japan
- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese imperial family tree

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Kōan
- **title**: Emperor of Japan
- **image**: Tennō Kōan thumb.jpg
- **reign**: legendary
- **predecessor**: Emperor Kōshō, Kōshō
- **successor**: Emperor Kōrei, Kōrei
- **birth date**: legendary
- **death date**: legendary
- **burial place**: _Tamate no oka no e no misasagi_ (Nara)
Emperor Kōrei

was the 7th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider Emperor Kōrei to be a legendary person; and the name Kōrei_-tennō_ was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

The _Gukanshō_ records that Kōrei ruled from the palace of _Ihoto-no-miya_ at Kuroda in what will come to be known as Yamato province.

## Traditional history

Kōrei is almost certainly a legend. The _Kojiki_ records only his name and genealogy. The  _Nihonshoki_ includes Kōrei as the sixth of .

Kōrei was the eldest son of Emperor Kōan.  _Jinnō Shōtōki_ records that his mother was Oshihime, who was the daughter of Ametarashihiko-Kunio-shihito-no-mikoto.

Some scholars question the existence of the first nine emperors. These critics consider Kōrei's great-grandson (Emperor Sujin) to be the earliest to have actually existed.

## Events of Kōrei's life

The absence of information about Kōrei does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.

The _Kojiki_ notes that it was during Kōrei's reign that Kibi Province was conquered.

### After his death

This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Kōrei.

The actual site of his grave is not known.  According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (_misasagi_) at Nara.

## Related pages

- Emperor of Japan
- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese imperial family tree

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Kōrei
- **title**: Emperor of Japan
- **image**: Tennō Kōrei thumb.jpg
- **reign**: legendary
- **predecessor**: Emperor Kōan, Kōan
- **successor**: Emperor Kōgen, Kōgen
- **birth date**: legendary
- **death date**: legendary
- **burial place**: _Kataoka no Umasaka no misasagi_  (Nara)
Roanoke Island

**Roanoke Island** is an island that is part of Dare County, North Carolina.

## History

Roanoke was first settled around 8,000 B.C. At time of European Contact the island was home to Algonquian Natives.

The Roanoke Colony was an early settlement in what would become the United States. It was located on what is now the coast of North Carolina. Walter Raleigh and others lived there from 1585 to 1587. After a few years the people left, and nobody knows why. Virginia Dare, the first English child born in the New World, was born on Roanoke.

A battle of the American Civil War battle was fought on this island in February 1862. Union forces had the advantage because they outnumbered the Confederate defenders. The Confederate Army believing that the swamps on the island were impassable did not post guards there. Union soldiers then approached the Confederate defenders on their sides, forcing the Confederate commander Henry Shaw to surrender. Union soldiers stayed on the island until the war. It was during these years (1862-1865) the Freeman's colony of black slaves was founded and created. After the war the freeman's colony was dispersed. Some of the African Americans on Roanoke Island today trace their heritage or descent back to freeman's colony.

In 1870 the town of Manteo was formally founded and chartered or established with the state of North Carolina. Manteo first grew as a small harbor prospering from trade with larger towns in North Carolina like Elizabeth City.

Manteo is the largest town on the island and the county seat of Dare County. To the south of the island there is a town called Wanchese, which is not incorporated unlike Manteo. These towns are named after the Indians who first met the English expeditions that took place in the 1570s and 1580s.
Transcontinental Railroad

The **Transcontinental Railroad** was a railroad built across the United States of America. Construction started after Abraham Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 into law during the American Civil War.

Most of it was built by the Central Pacific Railroad building east from Sacramento, California, and the Union Pacific Railroad building West from Omaha, Nebraska. The two railroads met at Promontory Summit, Utah on May 10 in the year 1869. Much of it was built by people who came to the U.S. from China and Ireland. It cut the time to go across the United States from months to weeks and later days. At the time of its completion, it was one of the longest railroads in the world. Several other railroads across the continent were built later.
Emperor Kōgen

was the 8th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider Emperor Kōgen to be a legendary person; and the name Kōgen_-tennō_ was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

The _Gukanshō_ records that Kōgen ruled from the palace of _Sakaihara-no-miya_ at Karu in what will come to be known as Yamato province.

## Traditional history

Kōgen is almost certainly a legend. The _Kojiki_ records only his name and genealogy. The  _Nihonshoki_ includes Kōgen as the seventh of .

Kōgen was the eldest son of Emperor Kōrei.

Some scholars question the existence of the first nine emperors. These critics consider Kōgen's grandson (Emperor Sujin) to be the earliest to have actually existed.

## Events of Kōgen's life

The absence of information about Kōgen does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.

The Abe clan are said to have descended from a son of Emperor Kōgen.

### After his death

This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Kōgen.

The actual site of his grave is not known.  According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (_misasagi_) at Nara.

## Related pages

- Emperor of Japan
- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese imperial family tree

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Kōgen
- **title**: Emperor of Japan
- **image**: Tennō Kōgen thumb.gif
- **reign**: legendary
- **predecessor**: Emperor Kōrei, Kōrei
- **successor**: Emperor Kaika, Kaika
- **birth date**: legendary
- **death date**: legendary
- **burial place**: _Tsurugi no ike no shima no e no misasagi_  (Nara)
Gukanshō

is a Japanese historical and literary work about the history of the country. The work was written around 1220 by a Buddhist priest.  The author's name was Jien.

In _Gukanshō_, Jien created a chronicle of the lives of the emperors. Jien wrote about political and military conflicts within the Imperial court.  He wrote about disputes with others outside the court.

## Contents

The text is composed of three major sections:
1. Volumes 1 and 2 consist of imperial chronicle beginning with Emperor Jimmu and concluding with Emperor Juntoku.
1. Volumes 3 through 6 present a historical analysis.
1. Volume 7 offers a summary.

## Related pages

- Kojiki, 712
- Nihon Shoki, 720
- Jinnō Shōtōki, 1359
- Nihon Ōdai Ichiran, 1652
- Tokushi Yoron, 1712
- Historiographical Institute of the University of Tokyo
- Historiography
- Philosophy of History

## References

- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). _Gukanshō: The Future and the Past._ Berkeley: University of California Press. ; OCLC 251325323
- Brownlee, John S.  (1991). _Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712)._ Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
- Okami, Masao and Toshihide Akamatsu. (1967). _Gukanshō._ Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten Publishing.
Emperor Kaika

is the 9th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  Historians consider Emperor Kaika to be a legendary person; and the name Kaika_-tennō_ was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to the emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

The _Gukanshō_ records that Kaika ruled from the palace of _Isakawa-no-miya_ at Kasuga in what will come to be known as Yamato province.

## Traditional history

Kaika is almost certainly a legend. The _Kojiki_ records only his name and genealogy. The  _Nihonshoki_ includes Kaika as the eighth of .

Kaika was the second son of Emperor Kōgen.

Some scholars question the existence of the first nine emperors. These critics consider Kōgen's son (Suijin) to be the earliest to have actually existed.

## Events of Kaika's life

The absence of information about Kaika does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.

### After his death

This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Kaika.

The actual site of his grave is not known.  According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (_misasagi_) in Nara.

## Related pages

- Emperor of Japan
- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese imperial family tree

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Kaika
- **title**: Emperor of Japan
- **image**: Tennō Kaika thumb.jpg
- **reign**: legendary
- **predecessor**: Emperor Kōgen, Kōgen
- **successor**: Emperor Sujin, Sujin
- **birth date**: legendary
- **death date**: legendary
- **burial place**: _Kasuga no Izakawa no sak no e no misasagi_ (Nara)
Emperor Sujin

was the 10th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider Emperor Sujin to be a legendary person; and the name Sujin_-tennō_ was created for him posthumously by later generations.

No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign.  The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

The _Gukanshō_ records that Sujin ruled from the palace of _Mizogaki-no-miya_ at Shiki in what will come to be known as Yamato province.

## Traditional history

Sujin is almost certainly a legend, but the _Kojiki_ and _Nihonshoki_ record his name and genealogy. He was the second son of Emperor Kaika. Some scholars even question the existence of the first nine emperors. These critics consider Sujin to be the earliest to have actually existed.

## Events of Suijin's life

The limited information about Sujin does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei.

Sujin was interested in agriculture and irrigation.  He established a system of taxation.

### After his death

This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Sujin.

The actual site of his grave is not known.  According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (_misasagi_) at Nara.

## Related pages

- Emperor of Japan
- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese imperial family tree

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Sujin
- **title**: Emperor of Japan
- **image**: Emperor Sujin.jpg
- **reign**: legendary
- **predecessor**: Emperor Kaika, Kaika
- **successor**: Emperor Suinin, Suinin
- **birth date**: around the 1st century
- **death date**: legendary
- **burial place**: _Yamanobe no michi no Magari no oka no e no misasagi_ (Nara)
Soda bread

**Soda bread** is a kind of soft, golden bread made with baking soda. In its most basic form, it contains only four ingredients: flour, salt, baking soda, and buttermilk.

Other ingredients can be added. For example, adding some sugar, raisins, and butter will make it a raisin soda bread.

Soda bread, or Irish brown bread, became prominent in 19th-century Ireland during the Great Famine (formerly called the "Irish potato famine"). It was dense and made of wheat, so it was cheap and filling. It truly became a lifeline during tough times.

## Preparation

Soda bread does not use yeast to get it to rise. Instead, the rise comes from baking soda reacting with the acid (soured milk or buttermilk). This makes it a 'quick' bread that can be made in under 15 minutes. The important thing to remember is to mix and knead the dough quickly and lightly. This will make a bread that is dense, but not doughy, with a tender, slightly moist interior.

Once the dough is formed into a round, a cross is cut on the top of the bread, which divides it into quarters called farls.
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales

**Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales** (19 February 1594 – 6 November 1612) was the oldest son of King James I & VI and of Anne of Denmark. His name comes from his grandfathers, both Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and Frederick II of Denmark.

Prince Henry was widely seen as a bright heir to his father's throne. However, he died before his father because of typhoid fever. That made the English and the Scottish thrones go to his younger brother Charles, after James's death..

Several places in Virginia Colony were named after Prince Henry before and after his death.

## Early life

Henry Frederick was born at Stirling Castle and became Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland when he was born. His father, King James, made Alexander Erskine, Earl of Mar, take care of him amd did not let his mother, Anne of Denmark, take care of him. James worried that Anne's slight liking for Catholicism would have some effect on the son. Although that cause many argments between Anne and James, Henry was kept under the care of Mar's family until 1603. James then became King of England, and his family moved south.

Sir George Lauder of The Bass was Henry's teacher until he went to England. Sir George was a Privy Counsellor, was described as the King's "familiar councillor" he was also taught in music by Alfonso Ferrabosco the Younger.
Maurício (footballer, born 1978)

**Maurício Rodrigues Alves Domingues** (born 3 July 1978) is a former Brazilian football player.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Maurício
- **fullname**: Maurício Rodrigues Alves Domingues
- **birth place**: Brazil
- **position**: Midfielder
- **years1**: 1995–1996
- **years2**: 1997–1998
- **years3**: 1999–2000
- **years4**: 2000
- **years5**: 2000
- **years6**: 2001–2002
- **years7**: 2002–2004
- **years8**: 2005
- **years9**: 2006
- **years10**: 2006
- **clubs1**: S.C. Corinthians Paulista, Corinthians Paulista
- **clubs2**: Cruzeiro E.C., Cruzeiro
- **clubs3**: Mirassol F.C., Mirassol
- **clubs4**: Clube Atlético Juventus, Juventus
- **clubs5**: Kashiwa Reysol
- **clubs6**: Goiás E.C., Goiás
- **clubs7**: E.C. Vitória, Vitória
- **clubs8**: Associação Portuguesa de Desportos, Portuguesa Desportos
- **clubs9**: E.C. Vitória, Vitória
- **clubs10**: Clube Náutico Capibaribe, Náutico Capibaribe
Donald-Olivier Sié

**Donald-Olivier Sié** (born 3 April 1970) is a former Côte d'Ivoire football player. He has played for Côte d'Ivoire national team.

## Club career statistics

|-
|1996||Nagoya Grampus Eight||J. League 1||16||1||1||0||2||0||19||1

|-
|1998–99||Toulouse||Ligue 1||10||1||||||||||10||1
|-
|1999–00||RC Paris||Championnat National||20||3||||||||||20||3
|-
|2000–01||Stade Reims||Championnat National||16||1||||||||||16||1
16||1||1||0||2||0||19||1
46||5||||||||||46||5
62||6||1||0||2||0||65||6
|}

## International career statistics

|-
|1990||||
|-
|1991||||
|-
|1992||||
|-
|1993||||
|-
|1994||||
|-
|1995||||
|-
|1996||||
|-
|1997||||
|-
|1998||||
|-
|1999||||
|-
|2000||4||1
|-
!Total||||
|}

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Donald-Olivier Sié
- **birth place**: Abidjan, Ivory Coast
- **height**: 1.75 m
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthclubs1**: ASEC Mimosas
- **years1**: 1989–1996
- **clubs1**: ASEC Mimosas
- **years2**: 1996
- **clubs2**: Nagoya Grampus, Nagoya Grampus Eight
- **caps2**: 16
- **goals2**: 1
- **years3**: 1997–1998
- **clubs3**: ASEC Mimosas
- **years4**: 1998–1999
- **clubs4**: Toulouse FC, Toulouse
- **caps4**: 10
- **goals4**: 1
- **years5**: 1999–2000
- **clubs5**: RCF Paris, Racing Paris
- **caps5**: 20
- **goals5**: 3
- **years6**: 2000–2001
- **clubs6**: Stade de Reims, Reims
- **caps6**: 16
- **goals6**: 1
- **years7**: 2001–2010
- **clubs7**: JS Cugnaux
- **nationalyears1**: 1990–2000
- **nationalteam1**: Ivory Coast national football team, Ivory Coast
- **nationalcaps1**: 42
- **nationalgoals1**: 6
Adriano Pimenta

**Adriano Faria Pimenta** (born 14 November 1982 in Goiânia) is a Brazilian former footballer.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2001|Nagoya Grampus Eight|J1 League|1|0|0|0|1|0|2|0|
|2007|Yokohama FC|J1 League|3|0|0|0|4|2|7|2|

## Honours

- Campeonato Pernambucano in 2010 with Sport Recife

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Adriano Pimenta
- **fullname**: Adriano Faria Pimenta
- **birth place**: Goiânia, Brazil
- **height**: 1.69 m
- **position**: Attacking midfielder
- **currentclub**: Retiree
- **years1**: 2000–2005
- **years2**: 2001
- **years3**: 2005–2007
- **years4**: 2007
- **years5**: 2008
- **years6**: 2008
- **years7**: 2009
- **years8**: 2009–2010
- **years9**: 2010
- **years10**: 2011
- **years11**: 2011
- **years12**: 2011–2012
- **years13**: 2014–2015
- **years14**: 2018–
- **clubs1**: Guarani FC
- **clubs2**: → Nagoya Grampus, Nagoya Grampus Eight (loan)
- **clubs3**: FC Thun
- **clubs4**: → Yokohama FC (loan)
- **clubs5**: Red Bull Bragantino, Bragantino
- **clubs6**: Waitakere United
- **clubs7**: Club Blooming, Blooming
- **clubs8**: Sport Recife
- **clubs9**: → Grêmio Barueri Futebol, Grêmio Prudente (loan)
- **clubs10**: Fortaleza Esporte Clube, Fortaleza
- **clubs11**: Sport Recife
- **clubs12**: Atlético Goianiense
- **clubs13**: Atlético Clube Paranavaí, Paranavaí
- **clubs14**: Rio Branco Esporte Clube, Rio Branco
- **caps2**: 1
- **caps3**: 47
- **caps4**: 3
- **caps6**: 0
- **caps7**: 24
- **caps8**: 24
- **caps9**: 19
- **caps10**: 9
- **caps11**: 3
- **caps12**: 23
- **caps13**: ?
- **caps14**: 11
- **goals2**: 0
- **goals3**: 3
- **goals4**: 0
- **goals6**: 0
- **goals7**: 1
- **goals8**: 2
- **goals9**: 2
- **goals10**: 2
- **goals11**: 0
- **goals12**: 0
- **goals13**: ?
- **goals14**: 0
- **pcupdate**: 5 March 2018
Oséas

**Oséas Reis dos Santos** (born 14 May 1971) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Total||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1996|Atlético Paranaense|Série A|19|12|||||19|12|
|1997|Palmeiras|Série A|23|11|||||23|11|
|1998|23|12|||||23|12|||
|1999|16|1|||||16|1|||
|2000|Cruzeiro|Série A|22|11|||||22|11|
|2001|20|4|||||20|4|||
|2002|Santos|Série A|0|0|||||0|0|
|2002|Vissel Kobe|J1 League|15|6|1|1|0|0|16|7|
|2003|29|13|0|0|5|4|34|17|||
|2004|Internacional|Série A|8|0|||||8|0|
|2004|Albirex Niigata|J1 League|12|4|0|0|0|0|12|4|
|2005|Brasiliense|Série A|19|4|||||19|4|

## National team statistics

|colspan=3|Brazil national team||
| --- | --- | --- |
|1996|2|0|

### Team

- Atlético Paranaense
- Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 1995

- Palmeiras
- Copa do Brasil: 1998
- Copa Mercosur: 1998
- Copa Libertadores: 1999
- Campeonato Paulista runner-up: 1999
- Intercontinental Cup Runners-up: 1999

- Cruzeiro
- Copa do Brasil: 2000
- Copa Sul-Minas: 2001

- Internacional
- Campeonato Gaúcho: 2004

### Individual

- Brazilian 2nd Division League Top Scorer: 1995
- Copa do Brasil Top Scorer: 2000

## Other websites

- Sambafoot

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Oséas
- **image**: Oseas jogador.jpg
- **image size**: 150
- **fullname**: Oséas Reis dos Santos
- **birth place**: Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- **height**: 1.86 m
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **years1**: 1990–1992
- **years2**: 1993–1994
- **years3**: 1994–1995
- **years4**: 1995–1997
- **years5**: 1997–1999
- **years6**: 2000–2001
- **years7**: 2002
- **years8**: 2002–2003
- **years9**: 2004
- **years10**: 2004
- **years11**: 2005
- **clubs1**: Galícia Esporte Clube, Galícia
- **clubs2**: SD Juvenil, Juvenil
- **clubs3**: Uberlândia Esporte Clube, Uberlândia
- **clubs4**: Clube Atlético Paranaense, Atlético Paranaense
- **clubs5**: Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras, Palmeiras
- **clubs6**: Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, Cruzeiro
- **clubs7**: Santos Futebol Clube, Santos
- **clubs8**: Vissel Kobe
- **clubs9**: Sport Club Internacional, Internacional
- **clubs10**: Albirex Niigata
- **clubs11**: Brasiliense Futebol Clube, Brasiliense
- **caps4**: 19
- **goals4**: 12
- **caps5**: 62
- **goals5**: 24
- **caps6**: 42
- **goals6**: 15
- **caps8**: 44
- **goals8**: 19
- **caps9**: 8
- **goals9**: 0
- **caps10**: 12
- **goals10**: 4
- **caps11**: 19
- **goals11**: 4
- **nationalyears1**: 1996
- **nationalteam1**: Brazil national football team, Brazil
- **nationalcaps1**: 2
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
Hidetoki Takahashi

was a Japanese football player and manager. He managed for Japan national team.

## Biography

Takahashi was born in Fukushima on April 11, 1916. He played for Waseda University. He won 1938 Emperor's Cup with Sei Fuwa, Sekiji Sasano, Kunitaka Sueoka, Shogo Kamo and so on. After graduation from university, he played for Hitachi from 1941 to 1958.

From 1955, Takahashi started managering career too. In 1957, he became manager for Japan national team as Shigemaru Takenokoshi successor for tour for China. In 1959, he became manager for Japan U-20 national team for 1959 AFC Youth Championship and won the 3rd place. In 1960, he managed for Japan national team as Takenokoshi successor again. He managed at 1962 World Cup qualification and 1962 Asian Games until 1962. After that, he managed for Hitachi.

On February 5, 2000, Takahashi died of pneumonia in Meguro, Tokyo at the age of 83. In 2009, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

## Other websites

- Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Hidetoki Takahashi
- **fullname**: Hidetoki Takahashi
- **birth place**: Fukushima, Fukushima, Fukushima, Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima, Japan
- **death place**: Meguro, Tokyo Metropolis, Tokyo, Japan
- **position**: Striker
- **youthclubs1**: Kariya High School
- **youthyears2**: 1937–1940
- **youthclubs2**: Waseda University
- **years1**: 1941–1958
- **clubs1**: Kashiwa Reysol, Hitachi
- **manageryears1**: 1955–1956
- **managerclubs1**: Waseda University
- **manageryears2**: 1957
- **managerclubs2**: Japan national football team, Japan
- **manageryears3**: 1959
- **managerclubs3**: Japan national under-20 football team, Japan U-20
- **manageryears4**: 1960–1962
- **managerclubs4**: Japan national football team, Japan
- **manageryears5**: 1970–1976
- **managerclubs5**: Kashiwa Reysol, Hitachi
Flavio Elias Cordeiro

**Flavio Elias Cordeiro** (born 23 April 1975) is a Brazilian football player.

## Club career statistics

|-
|2006||Shonan Bellmare||J. League 2||11||1||2||0||13||1
11||1||2||0||13||1
11||1||2||0||13||1
|}
Kim Geun-chol

**Kim Geun-Chol** (born 24 June 1983) is a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.

## Club statistics

|colspan=3|Club performance|colspan=2|League|colspan=2|Cup|colspan=2|League Cup|colspan=2|Continental|colspan=2|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2002|Júbilo Iwata|J1 League|0|0|0|0|0|0|-|0|0|
|2003|Shonan Bellmare|J2 League|41|1|1|0|-|-|42|1||
|2004|33|3|1|0|-|-|34|3||||
|2005|Daegu FC|K-League|3|0|1|0|4|0|-|8|0|
|2006|Gyeongnam FC|16|1|2|0|9|2|-|27|2||
|2007|21|1|2|0|6|0|-|29|1|||
|2008|13|0|2|0|4|1|-|19|1|||
|2009|5|0|0|0|0|0|-|5|0|||
|2010|Busan I'Park|25|2|5|0|5|0|-|35|2||
|2011|3|0|0|0|3|0|-|6|0|||
|2012|Chunnam Dragons|13|0|1|0|-|-|14|0|||

## Club honours

_At Gyeongnam FC_
- **Hauzen Cup third place: 1**
    - 2006
- **Korean FA Cup runner-up: 1**
    - 2008

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Kim Geun-Chol
- **fullname**: Kim Geun-Chol
- **birth place**: Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea
- **position**: Midfielder (football)#Centre midfielder, Centre Midfielder
- **youthclubs1**: Pai Chai University
- **years1**: 2002
- **years2**: 2003–2004
- **years3**: 2005
- **years4**: 2006–2009
- **years5**: 2010–2011
- **years6**: 2012
- **years7**: 2013
- **years8**: 2013
- **years9**: 2014–2017
- **clubs1**: Júbilo Iwata
- **clubs2**: Shonan Bellmare
- **clubs3**: Daegu FC
- **clubs4**: Gyeongnam FC
- **clubs5**: Busan I'Park
- **clubs6**: Chunnam Dragons
- **clubs7**: Gwangju FC
- **clubs8**: Shenyang Shenbei F.C., Shenyang Shenbei
- **clubs9**: PTT Rayong F.C., PTT Rayong
- **caps1**: 0
- **goals1**: 0
- **caps2**: 74
- **goals2**: 4
- **caps3**: 3
- **goals3**: 0
- **caps4**: 55
- **goals4**: 2
- **caps5**: 28
- **goals5**: 2
- **caps6**: 13
- **goals6**: 0
- **caps7**: 0
- **goals7**: 0
- **caps8**: 28
- **goals8**: 0
- **caps9**: 24
- **goals9**: 5
- **nationalyears1**: 2003
- **nationalteam1**: South Korea national under-20 football team, South Korea U-20
- **nationalcaps1**: 4
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **pcupdate**: 19 December 2012
- **ntupdate**: 10 October 2009
Censorship by Google

**Censorship by Google** refers to Google's removal of information from its services to comply with censorship laws, company policies, etc. In 2002, Google censored search results about Scientology.
Myoglobin

**Myoglobin** is a protein that is able to bind oxygen. Myoglobin, which is similar to haemoglobin, is the main oxygen-carrying pigment of muscle tissues. Like haemoglobin, it has a porphyrin ring with an iron atom at its centre. It is in the muscle tissue of most mammals. Seals and other marine mammals have more myoglobin in their muscles than land animals.

In humans, increased level of myoglobin in the serum of the blood can be an indication of myocardial infarction. Other factors for a higher level can be damage to the muscles, epileptic seizures, polytrauma. If the value is much too high, this can lead to kidney failure.

Myoglobin belongs to the globin superfamily of proteins, and as with other globins, consists of eight alpha helices connected by loops. Myoglobin has 153 amino acids.
Proxy marriage

A **proxy marriage** is when two people are getting married separately, but are getting married to one another. It was common for European kings and nobles to be wed by proxy marriage. Napoleon I of France was wed by proxy marriage to Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma. Catherine of Aragon wed Prince Arthur by proxy. A famous 17th-century painting by Peter Paul Rubens shows the proxy marriage of Marie de Medici.

Today, this form of marriage is illegal in most countries, or it requires a special permit. It is still legal in some US states, and in a few Islamic countries.
Hyperkalemia

**Hyperkalemia** is a word in medicine to refer to a situation where the level of potassium in the blood is too high. Depending on the level of potassium in a person's bloodstream, it can be a medical emergency. A level that is too high can lead to abnormal hearth rhythms.

## Causes

Many medications can cause hyperkalemia, and it is much more likely to occur in people kidney problems. Although hyperkalemia often does not cause symptoms, doctors worry about hyperkalemia because it can cause a sudden change of heart rhythm in those who had not been having any symptoms. These abnormal heart rhythms can be deadly.

## Death penalty

In cases where death penalty is carried out with lethal injection, a hyperkalemia may be provoked artificially. Some of the mixtures used in the injections contain potassium chloride which will raise the level of potassium in a person's bloodstream considerably.

## Infobox (medical condition (new))

- **name**: Hyperkalemia
- **synonyms**: Hyperkalaemia
- **image**: ECG in hyperkalemia.svg
- **caption**: Electrocardiography showing precordial leads in hyperkalemia.
- **field**: Critical care medicine and nephrology
- **symptoms**: Palpitations, muscle pain, muscle weakness, Paresthesia, numbness
- **complications**: Cardiac arrest
- **causes**: Kidney failure, hypoaldosteronism, rhabdomyolysis and certain Medication, medications
- **diagnosis**: Blood potassium > 5.5mmol/L, electrocardiogram
- **differential**: Pseudohyperkalemia
- **treatment**: Medications, Dialysis, hemodialysis and low potassium diet
- **medication**: Calcium gluconate, dextrose, with insulin, salbutamol and sodium bicarbonate
- **frequency**: 2%
Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow

**Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow** (4 September 1557, Wismar – 14 October 1631, Nykoping) was a German queen of Denmark and Norway. She was the mother of King Christian IV of Denmark and Anne of Denmark.

## Life

She was the daughter of Duke Ulrich III of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Princess Elizabeth of Denmark (a daughter of Frederick I and Sophie of Pomerania). Sophie married her cousin, Frederick II of Denmark, when she was 14, and he was 37. The marriage was arranged by the Danish Council, which wished Frederick to marry. Their ages were very different, but their marriage was usually quiet and even happy.

Queen Sophie was a loving mother, nursing her children herself when they were ill. Because her husband drank so much wine and led an unfaithful life, she sent her three oldest children to live with her parents in Güstrow, Germany, when they were young.

She showed a great interest in science and visited the astronomer Tycho Brahe. She was also interested in the old songs of folklore. Her daughter, Anne of Denmark, would marry James VI of Scotland and become Queen Consort in 1589. She arranged the marriage against the will of the Danish Council.

She died on 4 October 1631 at Nykøbing, Jutland, Denmark.