juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
President of the Senate of the Philippines

The **President of the Senate of the Philippines** (), or more popularly known as the **Senate President**, is the presiding officer and the highest-ranking official of the Senate of the Philippines, and third highest and most powerful official in the Government of the Philippines.

He/she is elected by the entire body to be their leader. The Senate President is second in line in succession for the presidency, behind the Vice President of the Philippines and in front of the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines.

## Living former Senate presidents

Currently there are five living former Senate presidents:

_Legend:_ **Boldface** means still an incumbent Senator.

## Other websites

- List of Senators of the Philippines
- Roll of Senate Presidents

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: President
- **body**: the Senate of the Philippines
_Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas_
- **flag**: Flag of the Senate President of the Philippines.svg
- **flagsize**: 120px
- **flagborder**: yes
- **flagcaption**: Flag of the Senate
- **insignia**: Seal of the Philippine Senate.svg
- **insigniasize**: 125px
- **insigniacaption**: Seal of the Philippine Senate
- **image**: Miguel Zubiri Senate 2018 (cropped).jpg
- **incumbent**: Juan Miguel Zubiri
Presumptive
- **incumbentsince**: July 25, 2022
- **style**: Mr. President
<small>(When presiding over Senate)</small>
The Honorable
<small>(Formal)</small>
- **appointer**: Elected by the Senate of the Philippines
- **formation**: October 16, 1916
- **succession**: Second in the Philippine presidential line of succession, Presidential Line of Succession
- **inaugural**: Manuel L. Quezon
- **website**: [http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/roll.htm Senate]
Koko Pimentel

**Aquilino Martin de la Llana Pimentel III**, commonly known as **Koko Pimentel**, (born January 20, 1964) is a Filipino politician. He was the 28th Senate President of the Philippines from 2016 through 2018.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Honorable, The Honorable
- **name**: Koko Pimentel
- **image**: Koko Pimentel IAEA cropped.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Pimentel in 2018
- **office**: President of the Senate of the Philippines#List of Senate Presidents, 28th President of the Senate of the Philippines
- **president**: Rodrigo Duterte
- **term start**: July 25, 2016
- **term end**: May 21, 2018
- **predecessor**: Franklin Drilon
- **successor**: Tito Sotto
- **office1**: Chair of the List of Philippine Senate committees, Philippine Senate
Electoral Reforms and
People's Participation Committee
- **term start1**: July 22, 2013
- **term end1**: July 25, 2016
- **predecessor1**: _new office_
- **successor1**: Leila de Lima
- **office2**: Chair of the List of Philippine Senate committees, Philippine Senate
Justice and Human Rights Committee
- **term start2**: July 22, 2013
- **term end2**: July 25, 2016
- **predecessor2**: Francis Escudero
- **successor2**: Leila de Lima
- **office3**: Senate of the Philippines, Senator of the Philippines
- **term start3**: August 15, 2011
- **office4**: National Youth Commission (Philippines), National Youth Commission Commissioner for Mindanao
- **term start4**: 1996
- **term end4**: 1998
- **birth place**: Cagayan de Oro, Philippines
- **birthname**: Aquilino Martin de la Llana Pimentel III
- **nationality**: Filipinos, Filipino
- **party**: PDP–Laban (1985-Present)
- **parents**: Aquilino Pimentel Jr.
 Lourdes de la Llana-Pimentel
- **relatives**: Gwendolyn Pimentel-Gana (sister)
 Aquilino E. Pimentel Sr. (grandfather)
 Petra Quilinging-Pimentel (grandmother)
- **children**: Aquilino Martin Emmanuel L. Pimentel VI
Aquilino Justo L. Pimentel VII
- **alma mater**: Ateneo de Manila University
 University of the Philippines Diliman
- **occupation**: Politician
- **profession**: Lawyer & Lecturer
House of Representatives of the Philippines

The **House of Representatives of the Philippines** (),  is the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines. It is often commonly referred to as ***Congress***. Members of the House are officially styled as _representative_ (_Kinatawan_) and sometimes informally called _Congressmen/Congresswomen_ (_mga kongresista_) and are elected to a three-year term. They can be re-elected, but cannot serve more than three consecutive terms.

Around eighty percent of congressmen are district representatives, representing a particular geographical area. There are 234 legislative districts in the country.

The House of Representatives is headed by the Speaker, currently Alan Peter Cayetano.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the House of Representatives
- Official Website of the Senate
Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines

The **Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines** () is the presiding officer and the highest-ranking official of the lower house of Congress, the House of Representatives as well as the fourth highest and most powerful official of the Government of the Philippines.

The Speaker is elected by a majority of all of the Representatives from among themselves. The Speaker is the third and last in line in succession for the presidency, after the President of the Senate of the Philippines, and Vice President of the Philippines.

## Living former Speakers of the House

Currently there are six living former Speakers of the House:

_Legend:_ A person's name in **boldface** means that the person is an actively serving Member of the House of Representatives.

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: Speaker of the House of Representatives
- **body**: the Philippines
_Ispiker ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas_
- **flag**: Flag of the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines.svg
- **flagsize**: 120px
- **flagborder**: yes
- **flagcaption**: Flag
- **insignia**: Seal of the Philippine House of Representatives.svg
- **insigniasize**: 125px
- **insigniacaption**: Seal of the Philippine House of Representatives
- **image**: HoR Official Portrait Lord Allan Jay Velasco.jpg
- **imagesize**: 195px
- **incumbent**: Lord Allan Velasco
- **incumbentsince**: October 12, 2020
- **style**: Mr. Speaker
<small>(Informal and within the House)</small>
The Honorable
<small>(Formal)</small>
- **appointer**: Elected by the House of Representatives of the Philippines, Philippine House of Representatives
- **termlength**: 3 Years
- **formation**: October 16, 1907
- **inaugural**: Sergio Osmeña
- **succession**: Third in the Philippine presidential line of succession, Presidential Line of Succession
- **website**: [http://www.congress.gov.ph/members/leaders.php?congress=14&who=speaker Speaker of the House]
Feliciano Belmonte Jr.

**Fernando Feliciano "Sonny" Racimo Belmonte Jr.** (born October 2, 1936) is a member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines representing the Fourth District of Quezon City.  He is also the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016. He served as the Mayor of Quezon City from 2001 to 2010.

Belmonte was a member of the Manila Jaycees, the Rotary Club of Manila and the Knights of Rizal. He was also Junior Chamber International World President in 1976.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Feliciano R. Belmonte Jr.
- **image**: Philippine House Speaker Feliciano Belmonte.jpg
- **order**: Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives#List of Speakers, 20th and Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives#List of Speakers, 23rd
- **office**: Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
- **term start**: July 26, 2010
- **term end**: July 22, 2016
- **president**: Benigno Aquino III
- **predecessor**: Prospero Nograles
- **successor**: Pantaleon Alvarez
- **term start2**: January 24, 2001
- **term end2**: June 30, 2001
- **president2**: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
- **predecessor2**: Arnulfo Fuentabella
- **successor2**: Jose de Venecia Jr.
- **office3**: Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, Philippine House of Representatives from Quezon City's Legislative districts of Quezon City#4th District, 4th District
- **term start3**: June 30, 2010
- **predecessor3**: Nanette Castelo-Daza
- **term start4**: June 30, 1992
- **term end4**: June 30, 2001
- **predecessor4**: Mel Mathay, Ismael A. Mathay Jr.
- **successor4**: Nanette Castelo-Daza
- **order5**: Mayor of Quezon City, 9th
- **office5**: Mayor of Quezon City
- **1namedata5**: Herbert Bautista
- **term start5**: June 30, 2001
- **term end5**: June 30, 2010
- **predecessor5**: Mel Mathay, Ismael A. Mathay Jr.
- **successor5**: Herbert Bautista
- **birth name**: Fernando Feliciano Racimo Belmonte Jr.
- **birth place**: Tondo, Manila, Tondo, Manila, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Philippines
- **nationality**: Filipinos, Filipino
- **party**: PDP-Laban (2017-present)
- **otherparty**: Lakas Kampi CMD (1992–2009)
Liberal Party (Philippines), Liberal Party (2009–2017)
- **spouse**: Betty Go-Belmonte (widowed)
- **children**: Isaac Belmonte
Kevin Belmonte
Miguel Belmonte
Joy Belmonte
- **residence**: Quezon City
- **alma mater**: Lyceum of the Philippines University
- **profession**: Lawyer
Jose de Venecia Jr.

**Jose Claveria de Venecia Jr.** (December 26, 1936 – February 10, 2026) was a Filipino politician. He was the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines serving from 1992 to 1998 and from 2001 to 2008.  He ran for president in the 1998 election but lost to Vice President Joseph Estrada, finishing second among 11 candidates.

De Venecia died on February 10, 2026 at the age of 89.

## Other websites

- The biography of Jose de Venecia Jr.
- The official website of Jose de Venecia Jr.
- The official website of the Philippine House of Representatives

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable
- **name**: Jose de Venecia Jr.
- **image**: Jose de Venecia junior 2007.jpg
- **office**: Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives#List of Speakers, 17th and Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives#List of Speakers, 21st Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
- **term start**: July 23, 2001
- **term end**: February 5, 2008
- **president**: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
- **predecessor**: Feliciano Belmonte, Jr.
- **successor**: Prospero Nograles
- **term start1**: July 27, 1992
- **term end1**: June 30, 1998
- **president1**: Fidel Ramos
- **predecessor1**: Ramon Mitra, Jr.
- **successor1**: Manny Villar
- **order2**: Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, Philippine House of Representatives from Pangasinan's Legislative districts of Pangasinan#4th District, 4th District
- **term start2**: June 30, 2001
- **term end2**: June 30, 2010
- **predecessor2**: Benjamin S. Lim
- **successor2**: Gina de Venecia
- **term start3**: June 30, 1987
- **term end3**: June 30, 1998
- **predecessor3**: Antonio P. Villar
- **successor3**: Benjamin S. Lim
- **order4**: Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, Philippine House of Representatives from Pangasinan's Legislative districts of Pangasinan#2nd District, 2nd District
- **term start4**: December 30, 1969
- **term end4**: September 23, 1972
- **predecessor4**: Jack L. Soriano
- **successor4**: Abolished
 <small>(Position next held by Antonio E. Bengson III)</small>
- **birth place**: Dagupan, Pangasinan, Commonwealth of the Philippines
- **nationality**: Philippines, Filipino
- **party**: Independent (politician), Independent (2008–2026)
- **otherparty**: Liberal Party (Philippines), Liberal (1969-1972)
Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats, Lakas-CMD (1991-2008)
- **spouse**: Gina de Venecia, Georgina Vera-Perez
- **alma mater**: De La Salle University
Pantaleon Alvarez

**Pantaleon** "**Bebot**" **Diaz Alvarez** (born January 10, 1958) is a Filipino politician. He was the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 2016 to 2018 and represents the 1st District of Davao del Norte, the Philippines.

From 2001 to 2002, he was acting Secretary of Transportation and Communications. He is a supporter of President Rodrigo Duterte.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honorable
- **name**: Pantaleon Alvarez
- **image**: Rep. Pantaleon Alvarez (19th Congress).jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **order**: Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines#List_of_Speakers, 24th
- **office**: Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
- **term start**: July 25, 2016
- **president**: Rodrigo Duterte
- **predecessor**: Feliciano Belmonte Jr.
- **successor**: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
- **term end**: July 23, 2018
- **office3**: Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, Philippine House of Representatives from Davao del Norte's Legislative districts of Davao del Norte#1st District, 1st District
- **term start3**: June 30, 2016
- **predecessor3**: Antonio Rafael del Rosario
- **term start4**: June 30, 1998
- **term end4**: June 30, 2001
- **predecessor4**: Rogelio Sarmiento
- **successor4**: Arrel Olaño
- **office5**: Secretary of Transportation and Communications (Philippines), Secretary of Transportation and Communications
- **term start5**: January 20, 2001
- **term end5**: July 3, 2002
- **predecessor5**: Vicente Rivera
- **successor5**: Leandro Mendoza
- **president5**: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
- **birth name**: Pantaleon Diaz Alvarez
- **birth place**: Tagum, Tagum, Davao, Philippines
- **nationality**: Filipino
- **party**: PDP–Laban
- **otherparty**: Coalition For Change (Philippines), Coalition For Change
- **spouse**: Emelita Apostol Álvarez
- **alma mater**: Far Eastern University
Ateneo de Manila University
- **occupation**: Politician
- **profession**: Lawyer
Supreme Court of the Philippines

The **Supreme Court of the Philippines** (; commonly called the _Korte Suprema_) is the highest court in the Philippines.

The Members of the Court include the Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices. It follows the Constitution, the Supreme Court has "administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof".

Currently the Supreme Court is Composed of:

1. **Alexander Gesmundo, Chief Justice since 2021**
1. **Marvic Leonen, Appointed in 2012, Senior Associate Justice since 2022.**
1. **Alfredo Benjamin Caguioa**
1. **Ramon Paul Hernando**
1. **Amy Lazaro-Javier**
1. **Henri-Jean Paul Inting**
1. **Rodil Zalameda**
1. **Mario Lopez**
1. **Samuel Gaerlan**
1. **Ricardo Rosario**
1. **Jhosep Lopez**
1. **Japar Dimaampao**
1. **Antonio Kho Jr.**
1. **Maria Filomena Singh**

## Related pages

- **Court of Appeals of the Philippines**
- **Sandiganbayan**
- **Court of Tax Appeals**
Congress of the Philippines

The **Congress of the Philippines** () is the national legislature of the Philippines. It is made of the Senate (upper chamber), and the House of Representatives (lower chamber). although in the Philippines the term congress commonly refers to just the latter.

The Senate is made of 24 senators   half of which are elected every three years. The House of Representatives is currently made of 297 congressmen.

A regular session can last until thirty days before the opening of its next regular session in the succeeding year. The President may, however, call special sessions which are usually held between regular legislative sessions to handle emergencies or urgent matters.
Global Communicorp UK

**Global Communicorp UK** owns UK radio brands including Capital networks in Scotland and South Wales, Heart Networks in Yorkshire and North Wales, Smooth Radio networks in the North East, North West and East Midlands as well as XS Manchester.

Another seven regional Capital, Heart and Smooth stations are part of the brands’ UK wide network. Also owned is one local station - XS Manchester.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Global Communicorp UK Group Limited
- **type**: Limited company
- **foundation**: 2014
- **industry**: Mass media
- **num employees**: 1000+
- **revenue**: £302 million (2017)
- **key people**: Mark Lee (CEO)
- **location**: Manchester, United Kingdom
- **homepage**: www.communicorpuk.com
Content and language integrated learning

**Content and Language Integrated Learning**, or **CLIL**, is an approach to foreign or second language education. Students learn both the foreign language and school subjects together at the same time.

Many people describe CLIL as having "Four C's."  Usually they are: cognition, content, communication, and culture. Some people think "community" should replace culture.

CLIL comes from earlier approaches to language education such as bilingual education in Canada and Content-based Instruction in ESL and EFL around the world. CLIL has become very popular in primary and secondary education in Europe, especially Spain. But, it is becoming popular in many other countries, too.
Interior gateway protocol

An **Interior gateway protocol**  is a routing protocol that is used within the routers of one autonomous system. An autonomous system might be one organisation, with its clients. Interior gateway protocols are able to handle more complex network topologies, compared to exterior gateway protocols. Exterior gateway protocols are used to route packets between two autonomous systems.
SOLID (object-oriented design)

**SOLID** is a mnemonic acronym for a group of five good principles (rules) in computer programming. SOLID allows programmers to write code that is easier to understand and change later on. SOLID is often used with systems that use an object-oriented design.

SOLID was promoted by Robert C. Martin but the name itself was created by Michael Feathers.

In essence, SOLID principles guide developers towards creating code that is more maintainable, flexible, and reusable. By adhering to these principles, one can build software systems that are easier to understand, modify, and extend over time.

### Single responsibility principle (SRP)

Class has one job to do. Each change in requirements can be done by changing just one class.

#### Importance

- Maintainability: When classes have a single, well-defined responsibility, they're easier to understand and modify.
- Testability: It's easier to write unit tests for classes with a single focus.
- Flexibility: Changes to one responsibility don't affect unrelated parts of the system.

### Open/closed principle (OCP)

Class is happy (open) to be used by others. Class is not happy (closed) to be changed by others.

#### Importance

- Extensibility: New features can be added without modifying existing code.
- Stability: Reduces the risk of introducing bugs when making changes.
- Flexibility: Adapts to changing requirements more easily.

### Liskov substitution principle (LSP)

Class can be replaced by any of its children. Children classes inherit parent's behaviours.

#### Importance

- Polymorphism: Enables the use of polymorphic behavior, making code more flexible and reusable.
- Reliability: Ensures that subclasses adhere to the contract defined by the superclass.
- Predictability: Guarantees that replacing a superclass object with a subclass object won't break the program.

### Interface segregation  principle (ISP)

When classes promise each other something, they should separate these promises (interfaces) into many small promises, so it's easier to understand.

#### Importance

- Decoupling: Reduces dependencies between classes, making the code more modular and maintainable.
- Flexibility: Allows for more targeted implementations of interfaces.
- Avoids unnecessary dependencies: Clients don't have to depend on methods they don't use.

### Dependency inversion principle (DIP)

When classes talk to each other in a very specific way, they both depend on each other to never change. Instead classes should use promises (interfaces, parents), so classes can change as long as they keep the promise.

#### Importance

- Loose coupling: Reduces dependencies between modules, making the code more flexible and easier to test.
- Flexibility: Enables changes to implementations without affecting clients.
- Maintainability: Makes code easier to understand and modify.

## Related pages

- Programming
- Systems theory
- Social psychology
- Computer science
- Information technology
Belling the Cat (movie)

***Belling the Cat*** () is a 2014 Vietnamese animated movie. It was directed by Lê Bình.

## Plot

Long ago, the mice had a general council to consider what measures they could take to outwit their common enemy, the Cat.

Some said this, and some said that ; but at last a young mouse got up and said he had a proposal to make, which he thought would meet the case.

"You will all agree", said he, "that our chief danger consists in the sly and treacherous manner in which the enemy approaches us. Now, if we could receive some signal of her approach, we could easily escape from her". "I venture, therefore, to propose that a small bell be procured, and attached by a ribbon round the neck of the Cat. By this means we should always know when she was about, and could easily retire while she was in the neighbourhood".

This proposal met with general applause, until an old mouse got up and said : "That is all very well, but who is to bell the Cat ?". The mice looked at one another and nobody spoke. Then the old mouse said : "It is easy to propose impossible remedies".

## Production

- Style : 2D computer animation
- Artist : Lê Bình
- Animator : Đào Xuân Thành, Lê Hồng Yến, Dương Văn Hùng, Quách Lê Tuyến, Đào Minh Châu, Nguyễn Hữu Lãm, Nguyễn Vân Anh, Vũ Mạnh Hùng, Nguyễn Phương Nhi, Cao Minh Dũng, Ngô Ngọc Long, Phạm Minh Nguyệt, Lê Thanh Huyền, Lê Bình
- Editor : Nguyễn Thị Vân, Nguyễn Quỳnh Hoa, Lê Thu Thủy, Hoàng Thu Hương, Trần Bình Minh, Hoàng Công Đức, Vũ Thị Hoa, Bùi Ái Liên, Nguyễn Thu Hiền, Nguyễn Tuấn Phúc, Đào Bích Hồng
- Camera : Trần Thị Dịu, Trịnh Hải Yến
- Photography director : Phan Trung, Nguyễn Việt Phương, Nguyễn Thị Thùy, Bùi Hồng Thái
- Color : Đào Việt Hà, Nguyễn Khánh Linh, Nguyễn Thị Hoa, Lương Minh Ngọc, Phó Vương Anh, Vũ Thị Dung, Lê Thị Bích
- Sound : Đặng Duy Chiến, Lê Bình
- Montage : Phạm Thị Trang
- Computer : Nguyễn Duy Long, Nguyễn Lê Giang
- Theme : _Where to return_ (Nơi về) by Đặng Duy Chiến with Hoài Nam's singing

## Award

- Silver Kite prize - Vietnam Film Festival XIX (2015)

## Related pages

- Belling the Cat (fable)

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Belling the Cat
<small>Đeo lục-lạc cho mèo</small>
- **director**: Lê Bình
- **writer**: Đinh Tiếp
Aesop (fable)
- **music**: Đặng Duy Chiến
- **studio**: Vietnam Animation Studio
- **distributor**: Vietnam Animation Studio
- **released**: 2014
- **runtime**: 10 minutes
- **language**: Vietnamese language, Vietnamese
Stendal

**Hansestadt Stendal** or **Stendal** () is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. About 40,000 people live in the city.

It is the capital of the Stendal District and the main town in the Altmark region.
Tale of Catfish and Toad

**Tale of Catfish and Toad** () is a 1993 Vietnamese animated film which was based on the fairy tale, directed by Ngô Mạnh Lân.

## Plot

Catfish steals the tadpoles of Toad. Toad appeal to the official Tiger who orders the Catfish imprisoned. However Catfish's wife bribes the mandarin's assistant to have the case re-examined. After inspection of the pond the mandarin's inspectors declare that the tadpoles are the true offspring of Catfish.

## Production

- Style : Cutout animation
- Artist : Nguyễn Bích, Hữu Đức, Bùi Nga
- Animator : Phan Trung, Bùi Nga
- Decorating : Đăng Giáp, Vinh Hoa, Mỹ Lưu, Bích Hạnh, Phạm Thị Hiền
- Sound : Kim Thục, Minh Tâm
- Montage : Kim Oanh
- Voice : Ngọc Phú, Duy Thân, Đoàn Thanh Bình, Mạnh Hùng, Thu Hằng, Chí Hạnh
- Color printing by National Studio for Documentary and Scientific Films

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Tale of Catfish and Toad
<small>Truyện Trê Cóc</small>
- **director**: Ngô Mạnh Lân
- **producer**: Bùi Nga
- **writer**: Hữu Đức
- **music**: :vi:Đỗ Hồng Quân, Đỗ Hồng Quân
Kha Hoàng
- **cinematography**: Viết Tuế
- **editing**: Vũ Kim Dũng
- **studio**: Vietnam Animation Studio
- **distributor**: Vietnam Animation Studio
Vietnam Television
- **released**: 1993
- **runtime**: 20 minutes
- **language**: Vietnamese language, Vietnamese
Tale of Gióng the Saint

**Tale of Gióng the Saint** () is a 1970 Vietnamese animated film which was based on the mythology, directed by Ngô Mạnh Lân.

## Plot

Tale of Gióng the Saint who was a hero of Phu Dong village.

## Production

By this film, director Ngô Mạnh Lân was called _Sir "Gióng" Lân_. The film was produced at the time of Vietnamization when USAF attacked North Vietnam. Vietnam Animation Studio's staffs had evacuated in Vĩnh Phú province (now Phú Thọ province). They has performed the film at the night with oil lamp's light.
- Style : Puppet animation
- Artist : Mai Long
- Color printing by National Studio for Documentary and Scientific Films

## Award

- Merit prize of Moskva International Film Festival, 1971.
- Golden Lotus prize at the Vietnam Film Festival II, 1973.

## References

- Vietnamese animation - The unforgotten ways

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Tale of Gióng the Saint
<small>Truyện ông Gióng</small>
- **director**: Ngô Mạnh Lân
- **writer**: :vi:Tô Hoài, Tô Hoài
- **music**: Nguyễn Xuân Khoát
- **cinematography**: Nguyễn Hữu Hồng
Trịnh Thị Cầm
- **studio**: Vietnam Animation Studio
- **distributor**: Vietnam Animation Studio
Vietnam Television
- **released**: 1970
- **runtime**: 25 minutes
- **language**: Vietnamese language, Vietnamese
Tale of moon rabbits

**Tale of moon rabbits** () is a 1967 Vietnamese animated film, directed by Hồ Quảng.

## Plot

At Mid-Autumn Festival, one bear stealed moon. Then a turtle with moon rabbits has determined to rescue the moon. But a tiger, a cobra and foxs prevented road to eat moon rabbits.

## Production

- Artist : Hữu Đức
- Animator : Đình Dũng, Thế Thiện, Đặng Hiền, Sỹ Nhạc, Nghiêm Dung, Dân Quốc, Thanh Bồng, Huy Đắc
- Decorating : Phan Thị Hà
- Sound : Hoàng Việt
with Vietnam National Symphony Orchestra by conducting of Trần Quý.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Tale of moon rabbits
<small>Câu truyện thỏ ngọc</small>
- **director**: Hồ Quảng
- **producer**: Xuân Phương
- **writer**: Công Vũ
- **music**: Trần Quý
- **cinematography**: Duy Bích
- **studio**: Vietnam Animation Studio
- **distributor**: Vietnam Animation Studio
Vietnam Television
- **released**: 1967
- **runtime**: 15 minutes
- **language**: Vietnamese language, Vietnamese
The babygirl and the flowerpot

***The babygirl and the flowerpot*** () is a 1970 Vietnamese animated movie, directed by Nghiêm Dung.

## Production

- Artist : Hữu Đức
- Animator : Dân Quốc, Đình Dũng, Bảo Quang, Vũ Tân Dân, Kiến Hiền, Sỹ Nhạc, Song An
- Decorating : Khắc Y
- Sound : Cao Huy
- Montager : Nguyễn Thị Tám
- Color printing by the Vietnamese Technology for Film Production Factory

## Awards

- Merit prize of Moskva International Film Festival, 1973.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The babygirl and the flowerpot
<small>Em bé và lọ hoa</small>
- **director**: Nghiêm Dung
- **producer**: Lê Thanh
- **writer**: Văn Biển
- **music**: Hồ Bắc
- **cinematography**: Thúy Hằng
- **studio**: Vietnam Animation Studio
- **distributor**: Vietnam Animation Studio
- **released**: 1971
- **runtime**: 10 minutes
- **language**: Vietnamese language, Vietnamese
The Welldeserved Fox

**The Welldeserved Fox** () is a 1959 Vietnamese animated movie, directed by Lê Minh Hiền and Trương Qua.

## Plot

The movie was based on poem _The fox and the hive_ (Con cáo và tổ ong) by Hồ Chí Minh.

In a forest lived Bear and Chicken. Once, Chicken was enticed by Fox for his eating. But Chicken ran away luckily.

Then Bear seeked Chicken and called Bees to chase Fox.

## Production

_The Welldeserved Fox_ was known as the first animated movie of the North Vietnam.

By first plan, the movie would has the 300m length on 10 minutes, 15 thousand drawings on the 18x24cm size of cellophane. But Vietnamese infrastructures could not response, then drawers used typewriter papers which were soaked oil. Besides, their "desks" were glass windows what were in Vietnam Animation Studio's house on Hoàng Hoa Thám Street (Hanoi).
- Animators : Lê Minh Hiền, Trương Qua, Hồ Quảng...

## Award

- Golden Lotus prize at the Vietnam Film Festival II (1973) for the best artists (Hồ Quảng and Trương Qua).

## References

- Chỗ đứng nào cho phim hoạt hình Việt ?
- Phim hoạt hình Việt Nam "tỉnh giấc" ?
- Khoảng trống phim hoạt hình Việt Nam

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Welldeserved Fox
<small>Đáng đời thằng Cáo</small>
- **director**: Lê Minh Hiền
Trương Qua
- **producer**: Lê Minh Hiền
- **writer**: Lê Minh Hiền
Hồ Chí Minh (poem)
- **studio**: Vietnam Animation Studio
Vietnam Feature Film Studio
- **distributor**: Vietnam Animation Studio
Vietnam Television
- **released**: 1960
- **runtime**: 10 minutes
- **language**: Vietnamese language, Vietnamese
Hare and Wolf

**Hare and Wolf** () is a Vietnamese animated series of shorts. It was directed by M.A. Đặng Nhân Lập.

## Plot

- **Episode 01** (1991) : _A tail of Wolf_ ()
- **Episode 02** (1992) : _The ear and the eye_ ()
- **Episode 03** (1993) : _Travelling a day..._ ()
- **Episode 04** (2000) : _Believing the sky is as small as the cooking pot's lid_ ()
- **Episode 05** (2001) : _Believing the sky will ruin_ ()

## Production

- Assistant : Bùi Quỳnh
- Artist : Lý Thu Hà, Lập Thu
- Animators : Lan Phương, Thanh Việt, Tường Long, Nguyễn Thị Măng, Phùng Văn Hà, Ngô Ngọc Long, Hoàng Linh, Doãn Thùy, Thanh Huyền, Minh Nguyệt
- Decorating : Thu Lý, Hồng Sơn, Bình Minh
- Sound : Tạ Quốc Khánh, Mạnh Kiên, Trần Toàn
- Montager : Kim Oanh, Viết Phú
- Actors : Phú Đôn (Wolf), Trung Hiếu (Fox & Pup the Police)
- Theme : _Why you in a hurry to get married_ (Sao em nỡ vội lấy chồng) composed by Trần Hiếu with Wolf's singing
- Color printing by National Studio for Documentary and Scientific Films

## Related pages

- Tom and Jerry

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Comedy
Adventure fiction, Adventure
Thriller (genre), Thriller
- **creator**: Vũ Kim Dũng
- **director**: Đặng Nhân Lập
- **writer**: Đinh Tiếp
- **producer**: Thanh Ngọc
Kim Ngọc
Hồ Bạch Ngọc
- **composer**: Trọng Đài
Vũ Nhật Tân
Doãn Nho
Doãn Nguyên
- **cinematography**: Lê Khôi
- **voices**: Phú Đôn
Trung Hiếu
- **country**: Vietnam
- **language**: Vietnamese
- **network**: Vietnam Television
- **num episodes**: 5
- **runtime**: 10 minutes
- **company**: Vietnam Animation Studio
Pentti Siimes

**Pentti Kalevi Siimes** (10 September 1929 – 27 October 2016) was a Finnish actor. He appeared in 86 movies and television shows between 1946 and 2008. He was born in Helsinki, Finland.

Siimes starred in the movie _Miriam_, which was entered into the 8th Berlin International Film Festival. He was known for his role as PFC. Määttä in the 1955 movie _The Unknown Soldier_.

Siimes died on 27 October 2016 in Helsinki, Finland at the age of 87.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Pentti-Siimes-1959.jpg
- **name**: Pentti Siimes
- **birth place**: Helsinki, Finland
- **death place**: Helsinki, Finland
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1946–2008
Thread snake

The **thread snake** or the **slender blind snake** (_Leptotyphlops carlae_) is the smallest known snake. They can be found in North America, South America, Asia and Africa.

They live in places like rainforests and dry areas like deserts, and are known to appear near ant and termite nests. This is the main source of their diet. Thread snakes lay eggs.
Ophidiophobia

**Ophidiophobia** or **ophiophobia** is the abnormal fear of snakes. It is sometimes called herpetophobia, which is a fear of reptiles or amphibians. The word comes from the Greek words "ophis" () meaning snake, and "phobia" () meaning fear.

This is a phobia, so it does not include people who do not like snakes or fear them for their venom. A person with ophidiophobia (called an ophidiophobe) not only fears them when in live contact, but is scared to think about them or even see them in video or still pictures.

About a third of adult humans are ophidiophobic, making this the most common reported phobia. Scientists think that mammals may have an innate fear of snakes. This was vital for their survival as it allowed such dangerous threats to be identified immediately.
Eric Swalwell

**Eric Michael Swalwell Jr.**  (born November 16, 1980) is an American politician. He served as the U.S. Representative from California since 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was elected in November 2012, beating incumbent Pete Stark, a fellow Democrat who had held the office since 1973. Swalwell took office on January 3, 2013.

Swalwell announced his candidacy on April 8, 2019 for the Democratic presidential nomination in the upcoming 2020 election on April 8, 2019. He dropped out from the race exactly three months later on July 8.

In November 2025, Swalwell announced his candidacy for governor of California in the 2026 gubernatorial election.

## Other websites

- Congressman Eric Swalwell official U.S. House site
- Eric Swalwell for Congress
Links formerly displayed via the CongLinks template:
- Biography at Ballotpedia

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Eric Swalwell
- **image**: Eric Swalwell 114th official photo.jpg
- **office1**: Member of the
United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives
from California
- **term start1**: January 3, 2013
- **predecessor1**: Pete Stark (redistricting)
- **birth name**: Eric Michael Swalwell Jr.
- **birth place**: Sac City, Iowa, Sac City, Iowa, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 1
- **education**: Campbell University
University of Maryland, College Park
University of Maryland, Baltimore
Bengt Nilsson

**Bengt Nilsson** (17 February 1934 —  11 May 2018) was a Swedish high jumper. In 1954 he won the Swedish and European titles and set a European record at 2.11 m. He was awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal. He was born in Härnösand, Sweden.

Nilsson got injured at the 1956 Summer Olympics and finished only 26th. He retired from athletics shortly thereafter.

Nilsson died on 11 May 2018 at the age of 84.
Michael Slive

**Michael Lawrence Slive** (July 26, 1940 – May 16, 2018) was an American attorney and college sports executive. He was born in Utica, New York.

Slive was the commissioner of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) from 2002 until 2015. He served as the coordinator of the Bowl Championship Series for the 2006 and 2007 regular seasons. He was a member of the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Committee through September 2009 and served as the chairman of the committee for the 2008–09 academic year. He retired as commissioner effective July 31, 2015.

Slive died of prostate cancer in Birmingham, Alabama on May 16, 2018 at the age of 77.
Utica, New York

**Utica** () is a city in the Mohawk Valley and the county seat of Oneida County, New York, United States. Its population was 65,283 in the 2020 U.S. census.

It is located on the Mohawk River at the foot of the Adirondack Mountains. Utica is about 90 miles (145 km) northwest of Albany and 45 miles (72 km) east of Syracuse. Utica and the nearby city of Rome anchor the Utica–Rome Metropolitan Statistical Area, which makes up all of Oneida and Herkimer counties.

## Other websites

- NYPL Digital Gallery, Items related to Utica, NY
- Library of Congress, Prints & Photos Division, Items related to Utica, NY
- SkyscraperPage, Diagram of skyscrapers in Utica, NY

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Utica, New York
- **settlement type**: City (New York), City
- **nickname**: The Handshake City, Sin City, Elm Tree City
- **image flag**: Flag of Utica-New York.png
- **image seal**: Seal of Utica, New York.svg
- **image map**: Oneida County New York incorporated and unincorporated areas Utica highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Oneida County, New York, Oneida County and New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Central New York Region, Central New York; Mohawk Valley
- **subdivision type3**: Metropolitan statistical area, Metro
- **subdivision name3**: Utica–Rome Metropolitan Statistical Area, Utica–Rome
- **subdivision type4**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name4**: Oneida County, New York, Oneida
- **government type**: Strong Mayor, Strong mayor-council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **established title**: Land grant (village)
- **established title1**: Incorporated community, Incorporated (village)
- **established title2**: Incorporated (city)
- **elevation m**: 139
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 43.97
- **area total sq mi**: 16.98
- **area land km2**: 43.31
- **area land sq mi**: 16.72
- **area water km2**: 0.66
- **area water sq mi**: 0.26
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 65283
- **population density km2**: 1507.3
- **population density sq mi**: 3904.0
- **population metro**: 292,264 (List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, U.S.: 171st)
- **population urban**: 119,059 (List of United States urban areas, U.S.: 282nd)
- **population demonym**: Utican
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation ft**: 456
- **website**: [http://www.cityofutica.com cityofutica.com]
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 13501-13505, 13599
- **area code**: Area code 315, 315
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-76540
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0968324
State College, Pennsylvania

**State College** is a borough in Centre County in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is the largest designated borough in Pennsylvania.  In the 2020 census, the borough population was 40,501. About 95,000 people live in the borough plus the surrounding townships often referred to locally as the "Centre Region."

Many of these Centre Region communities also carry a "State College, PA" address although are not part of the borough of State College.

State College is a college town, dominated economically and demographically by the presence of the University Park campus of the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State).

## Other websites

- Borough of State College Government website
Bassetki

**Bassetki** is a small village in Iraq, in Dohuk Governorate of autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan. Several important archaeological finds were made there.

## Archaeological finds

In 1975 a fragment of a figure of Naram-Sin of Akkad was found near Bassetki. The statue is now called the Bassetki Statue.

In August–October 2016,  the Institute for Ancient Near Eastern Studies from the University of Tübingen and Hasan Qasim from the Directorate of Antiquities in Dohuk did archaeological work near Bassetki. They found the remains of a large Bronze Age city.  The city was started around 3000 B.C. It lasted for more than 1,200 years. From around 2700 B.C., the city had a wall protecting the upper part of the city from invaders. The city had a large road network, many residential districts and a palace. A contemporary cemetery was located outside the city. The city was connected to other regions of Mesopotamia and Anatolia by a roadway dating from <abbr>around 1800 B.C</abbr>. The archeologists also discovered settlement layers dating from the Akkadian Empire.  The finds were announced by the University of Tübingen on 3 November 2016.

In the summer of 2017, archaeologists from the University of Tübingen in Germany uncovered a collection of Assyrian cuneiform tablets hidden inside a collection of ceramic jugs. These tablets are 3,200 years old. They indicate that the ancient lost royal city of Mardaman was where Bassetki is today.
Brahmagupta

**Brahmagupta** () (born , died ) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. He was the author of two early works on mathematics and astronomy: the _Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta_ (BSS, "correctly established doctrine of Brahma", dated 628).

Brahmagupta was the first to give rules to compute with _zero_. The texts composed by Brahmagupta were composed in elliptical verse in Sanskrit, as was common practice in Indian mathematics.  As no proofs are given, it is not known how Brahmagupta's results were derived.

## Other websites

- Brahmagupta's Brahma-sphuta-siddhanta edited by Ram Swarup Sharma, Indian Institute of Astronomical and Sanskrit Research, 1966. English introduction, Sanskrit text, Sanskrit and Hindi commentaries (PDF)
Fuke Zen

**Fuke Zen** was a branch of Zen Buddhism which existed in Japan from the 13th century until the late 19th century. Fuke monks were noted for playing the shakuhachi flute as a form of meditation. It was characterized in the public imagination of Japan by the Fuke Zen monks playing the shakuhachi flute while wearing a large woven basket hat that covered their entire head as they went on pilgrimage.
Siberian languages

**Siberian languages** may refer to any languages spoken in Siberia, including:

- the Eskimo–Aleut languages spoken in northeastern Siberia
- the Mongolic languages spoken in Siberia
- the Paleosiberian languages, several linguistic isolates and small families
- the Russian dialects spoken in Siberia
- the Siberian Turkic languages
- the Tungusic languages spoken in northern and eastern Siberia
- the Uralic languages spoken in northwestern Siberia
- the Yeniseian languages spoken in central Siberia
- German language spoken in  Omsk oblast
Orrery

An **orrery** is a mechanical model of the Solar System. It shows the relative positions and motions of the planets and moons. It is usually a heliocentric model.

The Greeks had working planetaria. The first orrery that was a planetarium of the modern era was produced in 1704.  One was presented to Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery – hence the name. They are usually driven by a clockwork mechanism. The globe in the centre represents the Sun, and a planet is at the end of each arm.

The first known orrery was the  Antikythera mechanism, variously dated from 60 to 150 BC.
Clockwork

**Clockwork** means the inner workings of mechanical machines clocks (where it is also called a "movement". Also other similar mechanisms with a complex series of gears.

A clockwork mechanism usually has a clockwork motor. This has a mainspring, a spiral of metal ribbon.  Energy is stored in the mainspring by _winding it up_, turning a key attached to a ratchet which twists the mainspring tighter.  Then the force of the mainspring turns the clockwork gears, until the stored energy is used up.  The adjectives _wind-up_ and _spring-powered_ refer to mainspring-powered clockwork devices. These include clocks and watches, kitchen timers, music boxes, and wind-up toys.
Analogue computer

**Analogue computers** are mechanical or electronic devices which solve problems. some are used to control machines. They were once the only way a machine could be controlled, and are still used in cases where digital computers are not the best choice. The abacus, a digital device also sometimes called a computer, was used by Babylonians in c. 2500 BC.

The earliest known analogue computer in metal was the Antikythera device. However, this was certainly not the first in other forms. Some people think that mental inventions count as analogue computers, such as the invention of the zero (Ancient Egypt 1700 BC). But in that case almost every invention by mankind would count as an analogue computer, and that is not really how the term is used.

Certainly the invention of the slide rule was important for calculations. They were developed in the 17th century by William Oughtred, after John Napier's work on logarithms. Slide rules are definitely mechanical calculating machines. They were the most commonly used tools in science and engineering before the 1960s/1970s.

For the industrial revolution the invention of James Watt's governor was critical, because it was a negative feedback control for large pumps and engines. In fact most analogue computers work with continuous data rather that discrete or digital data. They are like abstract models of the real world. An analogue engine models the critical aspects of the real-world engine.

Since the middle 20th century some wristwatches have had a circular slide rule built in. They were mostly used in aviation. Such a calculator is considered too technical a device for most other watch wearers.  The circular slide rule has not been emulated digitally in any notable applications.

## Related pages

- Charles Babbage
- Abacus
Tiger keelback

The **Tiger keelback** (_Rhabdophis tigrinus_) is a species of venomous colubrid snake that lives throughout East and Southeast Asia.

## Forms of defense

The tiger keelback is shy, so it would be rare to be attacked by one, but they sometimes do, and they do need to survive. And in order to survive, a snake must have a good form of defense. And the tiger keelback has a **very** interesting form of defense. In addition to having ordinary venomous snake fangs, they have another trick up their sleeve. Like the poison dart frog and sea slug, the tiger keelback doesn't bother to produce its own venom - rather, it gets its deadly venom from the toads it eats as part of its normal diet. When the tiger keelback feels even the tiniest bit threatened, it'll angle the two little glands on the back of its neck and use it against the predator, the one who seems a threat to the snake. The liquid, or rather, _fluid,_ that exits the snake's nuchal glands contains something called bufadienolides, that irritate airways and affect heart muscle.

The snake eats poisonous toads, which fuels the snake's venom. The tiger keelback also eats a few other small vertebrates.
Mike Braun

**Michael Kent Braun** (born March 24, 1954) is an American businessman and politician who has been the 52nd Governor of Indiana since 2025. Braun was the United States Senator of Indiana from 2019 to 2025. He is a member of the Republican Party.

He was born in Jasper, Indiana. Braun studied at Wabash College and at Harvard Business School. He served in the Indiana House of Representatives from 2014 to 2017, representing the 63rd District.

In August 2017, Braun announced his candidacy for U.S. Senate. In November 2018, Braun defeated incumbent Senator Joe Donnelly.

After Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential election and Trump did not accept his defeat, Braun defended Trump's efforts to overturn the election results and his claims of election fraud.

In September 2022, it was reported that Braun would not run for re-election to the Senate and instead run for Governor of Indiana in the 2024 election. In November 2022, he officially announced his candidacy for Indiana governor. He won the election in November 2024.

## Other websites

- Braun for Senate
- Profile at Ballotpedia

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mike Braun
- **image**: Mike Braun, Official Portrait, 116th Congress.jpg
- **order**: 52nd Governor of Indiana
- **lieutenant**: Micah Beckwith
- **term start**: January 13, 2025
- **predecessor**: Eric Holcomb
- **jr/sr1**: United States Senator
- **state1**: Indiana
- **term start1**: January 3, 2019
- **term end1**: January 3, 2025
- **predecessor1**: Joe Donnelly
- **successor1**: Jim Banks
- **state house3**: Indiana
- **district3**: 63rd
- **term start3**: November 5, 2014
- **term end3**: November 1, 2017
- **predecessor3**: Mark Messmer
- **successor3**: Shane Lindauer
- **birth name**: Michael Kent Braun
- **birth place**: Jasper, Indiana, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican (2012–present)
- **otherparty**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (before 2012)
- **spouse**: Maureen Braun
- **children**: 4
- **relatives**: Steve Braun (politician), Steve Braun (brother)
- **education**: Wabash College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Harvard University (Master of Business Administration, MBA)
- **website**: