juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Petula Clark

**Petula Clark**, CBE (born 15 November 1932) is a British singer, actress and composer. She was born in Epsom, Surrey. She began her career as a child and was popular in Britain during World War II. In the 1950s, she became a successful pop singer, first in the UK, then in continental Europe, and finally in the United States in the mid-1960s. Her most famous song is "Downtown," which was recorded in four languages and sold nearly five million copies worldwide. Her films include _The Card_ (1952), _The Runaway Bus_ (1956), _Finian's Rainbow_ (1968), and _Goodbye, Mr. Chips_. She continues to record and perform in concert.
Tom Jones (singer)

**Sir Thomas John Woodward**  (born 7 June 1940), (did not die 12 December 2024) known professionally as **Tom Jones**, was a Welsh singer. He has won Grammy Awards. Jones is particularly noted for his powerful voice. He released his first album _Along Came Jones_ in 1965. He has released thirty-nine studio albums since then. He released his most recent album _Spirit in the Room_ in 2012.

## Early life

He was born at 57, Kingsland Terrace, Treforest, Pontypridd, South Wales.

## Personal life

Jones was married to Linda from 1957 until she died of cancer in 2016. He has a son (born 1957) by Linda. He has a son (born 1988) by another woman.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Tom Jones
- **honorific prefix**: Sir
- **image**: Sir Tom Jones at The Queen's Birthday Party (cropped-2).jpg
- **caption**: Jones at The Queen's Birthday Party in 2018
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Thomas John Woodward
- **birth place**: Treforest, Pontypridd, Glamorgan, Wales
- **death date**: 12 December 2024 (age 84)
- **death place**: Royal Victoria Infirmary
- **occupation**: Singer
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **years active**: 1963–2024
Slade

**Slade** is an English Hard rock/punk rock band. The band started in 1966 and were popular in the 1970s and 1980s. The band released fifteen studio albums and four live albums.

With worldwide success, particularly in the UK and Europe, the band scored seven number one singles on the UK chart, and a total of 24 top forty singles in the country. The original line-up split in 1992 which led guitarist Dave Hill and drummer Don Powell to form Slade II, with new members. The new line-up continues to tour today.

In 1975, the band made a film titled _Slade in Flame_.

## Members

- Noddy Holder - Vocals / guitars / bass guitar
- Dave Hill - Guitars / vocals / bass guitar
- Jim Lea - Bass guitar / vocals / keyboards / violin / guitars
- Don Powell - Drums / percussion

## Albums

- _Beginnings_ (as _Ambrose Slade_, 1969)
- _Play It Loud_ (1970)
- _Slade Alive!_ (1972)
- _Slayed?_ (1972)
- _Sladest_ (1973)
- _Old New Borrowed and Blue_ (1974)
- _Slade in Flame_ (1974)
- _Nobody's Fools_ (1976)
- _Whatever Happened to Slade_ (1977)
- _Slade Alive Vol. 2_ (1978)
- _Return to Base_ (1979)
- _We'll Bring the House Down_ (1981)
- _Till Deaf Do Us Part_ (1981)
- _Slade on Stage_ (1982)
- _The Amazing Kamikaze Syndrome_ (1983)
- _Keep Your Hands Off My Power Supply_ (1984)
- _Rogues Gallery_ (1985)
- _Crackers – The Christmas Party Album_ (1985)
- _You Boyz Make Big Noize_ (1987)
- _Wall of Hits_ (1991)
- _Keep on Rockin_' (1994) (as _Slade II_)
- _Cum On Let's Party_ (2000) (as _Slade II_)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Slade
- **img**: Slade_-_TopPop_1973_19.png
- **img capt**: Slade in 1973. Left to right: Jim Lea, Don Powell, Noddy Holder, Dave Hill
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Walsall and Wolverhampton, West Midlands (county), West Midlands, England, UK
- **genre**: Glam rock, hard rock, Heavy metal music, heavy metal, punk rock
- **years active**: 1966 – present
- **label**: Polydor Records
RCA
- **url**: [http://www.amazingslade.net/ Current] and  [http://sladecove.weebly.com/ Classic line-up]
- **current members**: Dave Hill
Don Powell
John Berry
Mal McNulty
- **past members**: Noddy Holder
Jim Lea
Steve Whalley
Steve Makin
Craig Fenney
Dave Glover
Trevor Holliday
1776

## Events

- July 4 – the United States of America say that they are no longer part of England (the Declaration of Independence)
- July 12 – Captain James Cook starts his third, and final, voyage to the Pacific Ocean
- The city of San Francisco is founded in California, USA (San Francisco was then part of Spain).
- The _Wealth of Nations_ by Adam Smith is published. It is an important book in the history of economics.

## Births

- January 24 – E.T.A. Hoffmann, German writer, composer, and painter (died 1822)
- February 11 – Joannis Capodistrias, Greek governor of Troezen (died 1831)
- March 10 – Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (died 1810)
- April 1 – Sophie Germain, French mathematician (died 1831)
- June 11 – John Constable, English painter (died 1837)
- August 9 – Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (died 1856)
- Muttusvami Dikshitar, Indian composer

## Deaths

- August 25 – David Hume, Scotish philosopher
Yogurt

**Yogurt**, or **yoghurt** is a milk product made by bacterial fermentation of milk. The lactose in the milk becomes lactic acid when it is fermented. Lactic acid acts on the protein in the milk to make yogurt thick and sour. The milk is heated to about 80 °C to kill any bacteria present, and to change the milk proteins so that they set together instead of becoming curd. After it is cooled to about 45 °C, the bacteria culture is added, and the milk is kept at that temperature for 4 to 7 hours to ferment. Yogurt can also be made from plant milks such as almond milk, soy milk, and coconut milk.

Yogurt is one of the oldest produced foods in human history. No one knows for sure how long yogurt has been around. Today, it is eaten all over the world. It is rich in protein, calcium, riboflavin, vitamin B<sub>6</sub> and vitamin B<sub>12</sub>.

## Spelling

Yogurt derives from the Turkish word yoğurt and in English, the word can be spelled either 'yogurt' or 'yoghurt'. In Canada 'yogourt' is also common. It can be spoken with either a short or a long **'o**'.

## History

The earliest yogurts were probably made by wild bacteria (yeast infections) and happened by chance.

The oldest writings mentioning yogurt were by Pliny the Elder, who said that some people knew how to thicken the milk into something which was sour but tasty.

Stamen Grigorov (1878–1945), a Bulgarian student of medicine in Geneva, first examined the bacteria in Bulgarian yogurt. In 1905 he said that it contained a round and a rod-like lactic acid-producing bacteria. In 1907 the rod-like bacteria was called _Lactobacillus bulgaricus_ (now _Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus_). The Russian Nobel laureate biologist Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, from the Pasteur Institute in Paris, was influenced by Grigorov's work and made a hypothesis that eating yogurt regularly was the reason why Bulgarian peasants lived for so long. Mechnikov believed that _Lactobacillus_ was needed for good health, and worked to make yogurt popular through Europe.

## Nutrition

Yogurt has a lot of protein, calcium, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 in it. It is healthier than milk is. Many people who are lactose-intolerant can enjoy yogurt, because much of the lactose in the milk has been changed into lactic acid.

Yogurt also has medical uses, such as preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
Marlon Brando

**Marlon Brando, Jr.** (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor and activist. He is thought to be one of the best and most important actors of all time. He was given many awards. He was given 2 Academy awards, 3 British Academy Film Awards, 1 Cannes Film Festival Award, 2 Golden Globe Awards, and a Primetime Emmy Award. He is best known for his roles in the movies, _A Streetcar Named Desire_ (1951), _The Wild One_ (1953), _On the Waterfront_ (1954), _The Godfather_ (1972), _Call Bic_ (1973), _Superman_ (1978), _Apocalypse Now_ (1979) and _The Island of Dr. Moreau_ (1996). Brando died of respiratory failure from pulmonary fibrosis and congestive heart failure at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center on July 1, 2004.

## Further reading

- Bain, David Haward. _The Old Iron Road: An Epic of Rails, Roads, and the Urge to Go West_. New York: Penguin Books, 2004. .
- Brando, Marlon and Donald Cammell. _Fan-Tan_. New York: Knopf, 2005. .
- Englund, George. _The Way It's Never Been Done Before: My Friendship With Marlon Brando_. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2004. .
- Grobel, Lawrence. "Conversations with Brando." New York, Hyperion, 1990. Cooper Square Press 1999. Rat Press, 2009
- Judge, Bernard. _Waltzing With Brando: Planning a Paradise in Tahiti_. New York: ORO Editions, 2011.
- McDonough, Jimmy. _Big Bosoms and Square Jaws: The Biography of Russ Meyer, King of the Sex Film_. New York: Crown, 2005. .
- Pendergast, Tom and Sara. _St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, Volume 1_. Detroit, Michigan: St. James Press, 2000. .
- Petkovich, Anthony. "Burn, Brando, Burn!". UK: _Headpress 19: World Without End_ (1999), pp. 91–112.
- Schoell, William. _The Sundance Kid: A Biography of Robert Redford._ Boulder, CO: Taylor Trade Publishing, 2006. .

## Other websites

- _Vanity Fair_: "The King Who Would Be Man" by Budd Schulberg
- _The New Yorker_: "The Duke in His Domain"  – Truman Capote's influential 1957 interview.
- _Excess after success: Marlon Brando_

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Marlon Brando
- **image**: Marlon Brando publicity for One-Eyed Jacks.png
- **caption**: Brando in _One-Eyed Jacks_ (1961)
- **birth name**: Marlon Brando Jr.
- **birth place**: Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1944–2004
- **works**: Marlon Brando filmography, Full list
- **children**: 11, including Christian Brando, Christian and Cheyenne Brando, Cheyenne
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Marlon Brando, Full list
- **relatives**: Jocelyn Brando (sister)
D.A. Pennebaker (cousin)
- **signature**: Marlon Brando signature.svg
Ibn Khaldun

**Ibn Khaldun** (; , ; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406) was an influential Arab thinker of the 14th century. His family were from Andalusia. Khaldun served the governments of the day in many ways. He was sometimes in prison. He lived in Marrakesh in Morocco for a time, and in Granada. Then he moved to Cairo, where he was a judge.

The most famous book Khaldun wrote is the ***Kitāb al-ʻIbar*** (Book of Lessons), a history of the world. The first part, ***Muqaddimah*** (Introduction) is often used alone. This book is often credited as inventing sociology. He also wrote his autobiography.

Ibn Khaldun lived a life in search of stability and influence. He came from a family of scholars and politicians and he intended to live up to both expectations. He would succeed in the field of scholarship much more so than in any other field. He died on 17 March 1406, one month after his sixth selection for the office of the Maliki qadi (Judge).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ibn Khaldun
- **image**: Bust of Ibn Khaldun (Casbah of Bejaia, Algeria).jpg
- **caption**: Statue of Ibn Khaldun
- **birth name**: Abdul Rahman Ibn Khaldun
- **birth date**: 27 May 1332
- **birth place**: Tunis, Tunisia
- **death date**: 17 March 1406 (aged 73)
- **death place**: Cairo, Egypt
- **known for**: Being an influential Arab Thinker.
Swabian Jura

The **Swabian Jura** (German: _Schwäbische Alb_, Bavarian: _Schwobm Alb_) is a plateau in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The Swabian Jura is situated between the Black Forest (West), Stuttgart (North), Bavaria (East) and Lake Constance (South). A lot of fossils are found here. The highest mountain is the Lemberg (1015 m).

## Tourist information

- There are many castles, monasteries, churches, ruins, caves and old towns in the region.
- The river Danube nearly disappears in the porous limestime near Immendingen.
- Important Towns:
    - Albstadt
    - Balingen
    - Hechingen
    - Münsingen
    - Reutlingen (the "gateway" to the Swabian Jura)
    - Sigmaringen
    - Ulm

- A National Scenic Byway (_Schwäbische Albstraße_) leads you from the South West (Trossingen/Tuttlingen) to the North East (Aalen/Nördlingen) - length: over 200 kilometres.
Nerve

A **nerve** is a group of special nerve cells grouped together in parallel. Another word for nerve cell is neuron. The special neurons grouped together in nerves take information (messages) to and from the human body to the central nervous system. The central nervous system (acronym) CNS is the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord is the big cord that goes from the brain into the back. It carries all the information that goes from the brain to the nerves in the body.

All the nerves in the body make the peripheral nervous system (acronym PNS). The brain and spinal cord are the CNS. All the nerves that come from the spinal cord are the PNS. Together the CNS and PNS are the nervous system.

## Nerve Structure

The nervous system contains neurons and cells called glia. Glia cells keep the neurons safe and healthy. Neurons take messages to and from the CNS to the rest. The dendrite and axon are fibers that go out from the cell body. Axons take information _away from_ the cell body. Dendrites take information to the cell body.

## Types of nerves

_Afferent_ nerves take messages to the CNS (brain) from the body. They take messages about sensation from the skin. They take messages about the position of the body from the muscles. They take messages about the function of organs like the heart and stomach.

_Efferent_ nerves take messages from the CNS to the body. They take messages that tell muscles to move. They take messages to glands. They tell glands like _sweat glands_ to make sweat (the water that comes out of your skin when you are hot.)

## Diseases of nerves

There are many diseases of nerves. A disease of nerves is also called a _neuropathy_.
- Trauma - nerves can be hurt by injury like being cut with a knife or being crushed when a bone is broken (fractured.)
- Toxins – nerves can be hurt by toxins. These are substances also called poisons that can hurt an organism. Some toxins that hurt nerves are: alcohol, lead, and some drugs and medicines.
- Infections – nerves can be hurt by infections.
- Diseases – nerves can be hurt from having some diseases. The most common disease to cause a _neuropathy_ is diabetes. This is called _diabetic neuropathy_.

## References

- Article about the nerve from Encyclopedia Britannica
Injury

**Injury** means a _harm_ or _hurt_ to the body of a living thing.

Usually an injury is when the body or a part of the body is damaged by something outside of the body. Another word for injury to a body is _trauma_.

Injury can be by:
- Environmental – Burns from heat or injury from cold
- Penetrating injury – when a sharp object like a knife pierces the body
- Blunt injury – when something hits the body (like punching someone or falling from a tree)
- Chemical – being hurt by chemicals like burns from acid

Injury can be _accidental_ or _intentional_. In an intentional injury a person _tries_ to hurt another. (Intentional injury is also called _non-accidental_ injury). Accidental injury is without meaning to hurt someone. A traffic collision for example may injure someone accidentally.
Mercedes-Benz

**Mercedes-Benz** () is a brand of cars, trucks, buses and coaches from the Daimler AG company of Germany.  The company was once known as **Daimler-Benz** and is still sometimes called just "Mercedes."  Mercedes-Benz is one of the world's oldest car makers. It specializes in luxury car<nowiki/>s.

The symbol of Mercedes-Benz is very famous.  It is a three-pointed star inside of a circle and was designed by one of the men who started the company, Gottlieb Daimler.  The three points of the star stand for land, air and sea because Daimler's engines were used not only in cars and trucks but in airplanes and boats.  The symbol was first used in 1909.

Mercedes-Benz cars are an important part of the history of the car with many "firsts”.  They were the first to build a diesel-powered car in the 1930s, the first to build a car with fuel injection in the 1950s and the first to offer antilock brakes in the 1970s.  Mercedes-Benz cars have also been important in auto racing history.

## Early days

The Benz Patent-Motorwagen of Karl Benz was the company's first production car, built by Rheinische Gasmotorenfabrik Benz & Cie (known today as Mercedes-Benz) it was built in 1885 or 1886. It is often considered the first real gasoline -powered car. By 1901, the cars had become very popular among the rich, mostly because of the efforts of Emil Jellineck.

### Current models

- A-Class – hatchback and saloon
- B-Class – hatchback
- C-Class – saloon, estate, coupé and cabriolet
- CLA – saloon and estate
- CLS – liftback
- E-Class – saloon, estate, coupé and cabriolet
- G-Class – Off-road vehicle
- GLA – crossover SUV
- GLB – crossover SUV
- GLC – crossover SUV
- GLE – crossover SUV
- GLS – crossover SUV
- R-Class – estate
- S-Class – saloon, coupé and cabriolet
- T-Class – compact MPV
- V-Class – large MPV
- AMG GT – coupé and roadster
- AMG GT 4-Door  – liftback
- AMG SL –  roadster
- AMG ONE – supercar
- EQA – electric crossover SUV
- EQB – electric crossover SUV
- EQC – electric crossover SUV
- EQE – saloon
- EQE SUV – electric crossover SUV
- EQG – Electric off-road vehicle
- EQS – electric saloon
- EQS SUV – electric crossover SUV
- EQT – electric compact MPV
- EQV – electric large MPV

### Vans

Mercedes-Benz builds a range of vans such as the Citan, Vito, and Sprinter

### Trucks

Mercedes-Benz Trucks  and Daimler Trucks builds trucks together, They build buses, trucks, the Vito and the Sprinter van.

### Buses

Mercedes-Benz has been building buses from 1895 in Mannheim in Germany. Mercedes-Benz produces a wide range of buses and coaches.

## Other websites

- Mercedes Benz global homepage

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Mercedes-Benz AG
- **logo**: Mercedes-Benz Logo 2010.svg
- **type**: Subsidiary (Aktiengesellschaft, AG)
- **predecessor**: Mercedes-Benz division of Daimler AG
- **location city**: Stuttgart
- **location country**: Germany
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **key people**: Ola Källenius, Chairman of the Board of Management and CEO
- **industry**: Automotive industry, Automotive
- **production**: 2,164,187 cars worldwide (2020)
- **parent**: Mercedes-Benz Group
Pipette

A **pipette** is a type of laboratory glassware used for moving a specific volume of a solution.

A smaller, less accurate version, known as a **teat pipette,** is made of plastic and is filled by squeezing a plastic bubble at the top.

A pipette used for the delivery of small fractions of a milliliter of a liquid is called a **micropipette**.

## Accurate pipettes

Piston-driven air displacement pipettes, or 'micropipettes', are the most accurate and precise pipettes. They handle liquid in the microliter scale, and are used in biology and biochemistry,
Game Boy

The **Game Boy** is an 8-bit handheld video game console, first released in Japan in April 1989. It was later released in North America in September 1989 and then in Europe in September 1990. It is Nintendo's first handheld with switchable games. The Game Boy is also one of the first portable consoles to use game cartridges, meaning the games are interchangeable. The Game Boy family eventually expanded to include the Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance, Game Boy Advance SP, and Game Boy Micro. The Game Boy was discontinued on 23 March 2003.

The Game Boy has a green screen that displays four shades of dark green (gray for the Game Boy Pocket). Like the NES, the Game Boy has two face buttons, start and select, and a cross-shaped direction pad. The console has a single speaker, and it can be used with stereo headphones. As many as four Game Boys can be connected together with the Game Boy Link Cable.

The Game Boy was invented by Gunpei Yokoi, who was also responsible for creating the unsuccessful Virtual Boy and the successful Game & Watch games.

Recently, the Game Boy was compared to all Nintendo handhelds and systems released between 1989 and 2016 to see how long each one's battery life lasted, and the Game Boy beat all the other systems with 30 hours of battery life. The Game Boy provided the most game play at its time and currently still does.

## Best-selling games

- _Pokémon Red, Blue and Yellow_
- _Tetris_ (included with the Game Boy)
- _Pokémon Gold, Silver and Crystal_
- _Super Mario Land_
- _Super Mario Land 2: Six Golden Coins_
- _Dr. Mario_
- _Pokémon Pinball_
- _Wario Land: Super Mario Land 3_
- _Kirby's Dream Land_
- _Super Mario Bros. Deluxe_
- _The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages_
- _Donkey Kong Land_
- _The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening_
- _Pokémon Trading Card Game_
- _F1 Race_
- _Yoshi_
- _Donkey Kong_
- _Game de Hakken!! Tamagotchi_
- _Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters 4: Battle of Great Duelists_
- _Yu-Gi-Oh! Dark Duel Stories_

## Infobox (cvg system)

- **title**: Game Boy
- **logo**: gameboy logo.svg
- **image**: Nintendo Gameboy.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **manufacturer**: Nintendo
- **family**: Game Boy line
- **type**: Handheld game console
- **generation**: History of video game consoles (fourth generation), Fourth generation
- **media**: Game Boy ROM cartridge, cartridges.
- **discontinued**: October 1998
- **unitssold**: Worldwide: 118.69 million, including  Game Boy (Play it Loud!), Game Boy Pocket, Game Boy Light and Game Boy Color, Color units
- **topgame**: _Tetris (Game Boy), Tetris_, 30.26 million<small> (Pack-in game, pack-in/separately)</small>
Pokémon Red and Blue, _Pokémon Red_ and _Blue_, 23.64 million approximately <small>(as of January 18, 2009)</small>.
- **predecessor**: Game & Watch
- **successor**: Game Boy Pocket (redesign)
Game Boy Light (redesign)
Game Boy Color (successor)
Stomach

The **stomach** is part of the digestive system. It is an internal organ between the esophagus and the small intestines.

The stomach is the third stage in the digestive process. It holds food after eating. Food in the stomach then passes to the small intestine, where most of the food's nutrition is absorbed.

Other words for _stomach_ include _belly_ and _tummy_.

### In humans

The stomach contains hydrochloric acid of pepsin made by stomach cells. As a useful side-effect, the acid kills bacteria in the food. However, its main function is to help the protein-digesting enzymes called proteases work. In general, the food is churned, squeezed and mixed. This prepares it for digestion. The partially digested food is called chyme.

### In other mammals

Stomachs of other mammals work differently to human stomachs. Ruminants, for example, have a stomach with multiple compartments. In that system, food goes through the first part of the digestive system twice, and the work of digesting the grass is done by bacteria.

## Problems

Stomach acid can cause problems. It can make peptic ulcers worse. It can also cause heartburn: pain in the chest when acid from the stomach _refluxes_ (backs up into) the oesophagus. These can usually be treated by neutralizing the acid.

Vomiting occurs when food goes back up the oesophagus and out the mouth. Vomiting can be a symptom of disease.

## Related pages

- Digestive system
- Digestion
- Gastrointestinal disease
Drain

A **drain** is found in the ground and lets water go through (usually rainwater) to avoid the street or farmland getting flooded.
King Crimson

**King Crimson** were a progressive rock band. They formed in England in 1968. Their music is usually called progressive rock, but they also have jazz, gamelan, classical music, heavy metal and experimental music in their sound. Their music has influenced a lot of bands and styles of music. King Crimson are most well known for their first album, _In the Court of the Crimson King_, which helped create progressive rock. Only one person has been in the band since they started, guitarist Robert Fripp.

### 1960's

In 1967, drummer Michael Giles and his brother, Peter, a bass guitar player, started a band with Robert Fripp. They recorded one album called The Cheerful Insanity of Giles, Giles and Fripp. This album did not do very well, and a lot of critics wrote bad reviews of it. After this, Ian Mcdonald joined playing keyboards, reeds, and woodwind instruments. Ian McDonald's friend, Peter Sinfield, joined to write lyrics, and Greg Lake replaced Peter Giles on bass guitar. Then they bought a mellotron, which helped them sound more like classical music. They changed their name to King Crimson, and did their first show in Hyde Park, London in 1969. Their first CD, In the Court of the Crimson King, was a huge success. Their original style impressed fans and critics.

### 1970's

Micheal Giles and Ian Mcdonald left the band to do solo work. The three of them still in the band, Robert Fripp, Peter Sinfield, and Greg Lake, released the single _Catfood/Groon_. On the next album, woodwind player Mel Collins, singer Gordon Haskell, and Peter Giles all helped record a few songs with the band. King Crimson released their second album, In the Wake of Poseidon, in 1970. It was not very popular because it sounded too much like the first album.

## Studio albums

- _In the Court of the Crimson King_ (1969)
- _In the Wake of Poseidon_ (1970)
- _Lizard_ (1970)
- _Islands_ (1971)
- _Larks' Tongues in Aspic_ (1973)
- _Starless and Bible Black_ (1974)
- _Red_ (1974)
- _Discipline_ (1981)
- _Beat_ (1982)
- _Three of a Perfect Pair_ (1984)
- _THRAK_ (1995)
- _The ConstruKction of Light_ (2000)
- _The Power to Believe_ (2003)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: King Crimson
- **img**: King Crimson - Dour Festival 2003 (01).jpg
- **img capt**: at the Dour Festival, 2003.
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: London, England, United Kingdom
- **genre**: Progressive rock, jazz fusion, experimental rock, avant-garde music, avant-garde, hard rock, heavy metal music, heavy metal, New Wave music, new wave
- **years active**: 1969–1974, 1981–1984, 1994–2009, 2013–2021 (hiatus)
- **label**: Island Records, Island, Atlantic Records, Atlantic, E.G. Records, E.G., Virgin Records, Virgin, Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros., Discipline Global Mobile, Discipline, Caroline Records, Caroline, Polydor
- **associated acts**: ProjeKcts, Giles, Giles, and Fripp, UK (band), UK, 21st Century Schizoid Band, McDonald and Giles, Porcupine Tree, HoBoLeMa, Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins
- **past members**: See: #Membership, King Crimson membership
Fleetwood Mac

**Fleetwood Mac** are a British-American rock band that formed in London, England in 1967. The group was started by Peter Green. The original group included Mick Fleetwood, John McVie, Jeremy Spencer and Bob Brunning. In 1968 Danny Kirwan joined the band. e was then an 18-year-old guitarist and singer. Peter Green left and, in 1971 was replaced by Christine and John McVie plus Bob Welch. When Welch left he was replaced by Americans Lindsey Buckingham and Stevie Nicks. The band became famous with the release of the album "Fleetwood Mac", their self-titled debut album from February 1968.

### Studio albums

- _Fleetwood Mac_ (1968)
- _Mr. Wonderful_ (1968)
- _Then Play On_ (1969)
- _Kiln House_ (1970)
- _Future Games_ (1971)
- _Bare Trees_ (1972)
- _Penguin_ (1973)
- _Mystery to Me_ (1973)
- _Heroes Are Hard to Find_ (1974)
- _Fleetwood Mac_ (1975)
- _Rumours_ (1977)
- _Tusk_ (1979)
- _Mirage_ (1982)
- _Tango in the Night_ (1987)
- _Behind the Mask_ (1990)
- _Time_ (1995)
- _Say You Will_ (2003)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Fleetwood Mac
- **background**: group_or_band
- **image**: Fleetwood Mac Billboard 1977.jpg
- **caption**: Fleetwood Mac in 1977. From left to right: Mick Fleetwood, Christine McVie, John McVie, Stevie Nicks, and Lindsey Buckingham.
- **origin**: London, England
- **current members**: *Mick Fleetwood
*John McVie
*Christine McVie
*Stevie Nicks
*Mike Campbell
*Neil Finn
The Yardbirds

**The Yardbirds** are a English blues band. They formed in the 1960s. They are famous for having the guitarists, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Jimmy Page. Eric Clapton left the band after they turned from a blues band to a pop band, in keeping with the moving trend of music in the 1960s. He suggested Jimmy Page, who had been a studio musician at the time (performing on records for many stars but not being a member of a specific band). Unwilling to give up his career as a studio musician, Page suggested Jeff Beck. Shortly thereafter, Page joined the band, playing bass and lead guitar.

Towards the end of the '60s, the Yardbirds broke up while in the middle of a tour. Page wanted to keep the band going, and eventually put together a band called "The New Yardbirds" consisting of vocalist Robert Plant, bassist John Paul Jones, and drummer John "Bonzo" Bonham. This group would soon gain a new name, allegedly taken from a quote by Who drummer Keith Moon. Moon had said previously said that their band would go over "like a lead zeppelin," and the name "Led Zeppelin" stuck.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Yardbirds
- **image**: Yardbirds2006 2.JPG
- **caption**: John Idan, Jim McCarty, Chris Dreja, 2006
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: London, England
- **genre**: Blues-rock, psychedelic rock
- **years active**: 1962–1968
1992–
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia, Epic Records, Epic
- **past members**: Andy Mitchell
Chris Dreja
Ben King
David Smale
Jim McCarty
Jimmy Page
Eric Clapton
Jeff Beck
Keith Relf
Grateful Dead

The **Grateful Dead** was a rock band formed in Palo Alto, California, United States in 1965. They are known for their concerts, and devoted followers called Deadheads. The band and their music are sometimes associated with the hippie and drug cultures.  Their music style is psychedelic rock combined with other kinds of music like blues, country, folk, and bluegrass. They are also known for their artwork and logos, which include skeletons and dancing bears.

The band was named at number 57 on Rolling Stone's _100 Greatest Artists of All Time _and added to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994. They have sold more than 35 million records worldwide and they have played for 25 million people, more than any other band.

The group were together from 1965 to 1995 when Jerry Garcia, the group's lead guitarist and singer died. He was seen as the band’s leader. The core members were Bob Weir (guitar and singing), Phil Lesh (bass guitar), Mickey Hart (drums) and Bill Kreutzmann (drums). Two remained in the band until they broke up. Other members includeKeith Godchaux, Donna Godchaux, Brent Mydland and Vince Welnick.

The band was known for their stage shows and musical improvisations. Their fans, known as Deadheads, were allowed to record the band’s performances.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Grateful Dead
- **background**: group_or_band
- **image**: Grateful Dead (1970) (high quality).png
- **landscape**: yes
- **alt**: The Grateful Dead in 1970, in a rural setting – Bill Kreutzmann, Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Mickey Hart, and Phil Lesh
- **caption**: The Grateful Dead in 1970. Left to right: Bill Kreutzmann, Ron McKernan, Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Mickey Hart, and Phil Lesh.
- **alias**: The Warlocks
- **origin**: Palo Alto, California, U.S.
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **years active**: 1965–1995
Johnny Winter

**John Dawson Winter III** (February 23, 1944 – July 16, 2014) was an American albino blues musician from Beaumont, Texas. His brother, Edgar Winter, is also a famous musician. He also worked as producer and produced two Grammy winning albums of Muddy Waters (Hard again, I'm ready).

He died in his hotel room in Zurich, Switzerland, aged 70. It happened two days after his last performance there. The cause of his death is currently unknown.

### Official albums

- _First Winter_ (1969, Buddha)
- _The Progressive Blues Experiment_ (1968, Sonobeat)
- _Johnny Winter_ (1969)
- _Second Winter_ (1969)
- _Johnny Winter And_ (1970)
- _Live Johnny Winter And_ (1971)
- _Roadwork_ (1972) - with Edgar Winter's White Trash
- _Still Alive and Well_ (1973)
- _Saints & Sinners_ (1974)
- _John Dawson Winter III_ (1974)
- _Captured Live!_ (1976)
- _Together_ (1976) with Edgar Winter
- _Nothin' But the Blues_ (1977)
- _White, Hot and Blue_ (1978)
- _Raisin' Cain_ (1980)
- _Guitar Slinger_ (1984)
- _Serious Business_ (1985)
- _Third Degree_ (1986)
- _The Winter of '88_ (1988)
- _Let Me In_ (1991)
- _Hey, Where's Your Brother?_ (1992)
- _Scorchin' Blues_ (1992)
- _Live In NYC '97_ (1998)
- _I'm A Bluesman_ (2004)
- _The Johnny Winter Anthology _ (2009) via Shout! Factory
- _The Woodstock Experience_ (2009)

### Compilation albums

- _The Johnny  Winter Story_ (1969)
- _About Blues_ (1970)
- _Early Times_ (1970)
- _Before The Storm_ (1970)
- _Birds Can't Row Boats_ (1988)
- The Texas Tornado (1992)
- _A Rock n' Roll Collection_ (1994)
- _White Hot Blues_ (1997)
- _Winter Blues_ (1997)
- _Texas Blues: The Early Years_ (1998)
- The Return of Johnny Guitar - best of 1984-86 (2000)
- _Deluxe Edition _ (Alligator) (2001)
- _The Best of Johnny Winter_ (Sony) (2002)

### Non-official albums

- _Austin, TX_ also known as The Progressive Blues Experiment (1972)
- Dervish Blues (live San Bernardino, Ca.) (1975)
- _Whole Lotta Love_ (1978)
- _Ready for Winter_ (1981)
- _Still Blues After All These Years/Live In Chicago_ (1990)
- _A Lone Star Kind of Day_ (Relix- Roy C. Ames production) (1991)
- _Jack Daniels Kind of Day_ (1992)
- _White Lightning_ (1996)
- _Back in Beaumont_ (2000)
- _Blues'N' Tattoo_ (recorded Live at Central Park New York - 1980-07-27)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Johnny Winter
- **image**: Johnny Winter.jpg
- **caption**: Johnny Winter in 2007
- **image size**: 250
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: John Dawson Winter III
- **birth place**: Leland, Mississippi, Leland, Mississippi, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Zurich, Switzerland
- **instrument**: Vocals, guitar, mandolin, harmonica
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter, Record producer, producer
- **genre**: Electric blues, blues rock, rock and roll, Texas blues
- **years active**: 1959–2014
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia, Blue Sky Records, Blue Sky, Alligator Records, Alligator, Point Blank Records, Point Blank
- **associated acts**: Edgar Winter
Edgar Winter

**Edgar Holland Winter** (born December 28, 1946) is an albino musician and record producer from Beaumont, Texas. He is the brother of Johnny Winter who is also a famous musician.  He mostly plays keyboards and the saxophone.

## Other websites

- http://www.edgarwinter.com/bio.php

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Edgar Winter
- **image**: EdgarWinter06.jpg
- **caption**: performing at Gulfstream Park, 2006
- **birth name**: Edgar Holland Winter
- **birth place**: Beaumont, Texas, U.S.
- **background**: solo_singer
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, Pop music, pop, jazz fusion, blues rock, blue-eyed soul, boogie rock
- **instrument**: Vocals, keyboards, saxophone, percussion, guitar
- **years active**: 1969–present
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter, record producer
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic, Airline
- **associated acts**: Johnny Winter, Rick Derringer, The Edgar Winter Group, Sawbuck, Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band, David Lee Roth, Todd Rundgren, Ronnie Montrose
Albinism

**Albinism** is a condition some people, animals, and plants  are born with. This condition is caused by a lack of pigment melanin (colour) in their hair, eyes, and skin. A person or animal with albinism is called an **albino.** Many albino people prefer to be called a "person with albinism". There are ten different types of albinism.

People with albinism can have white or light blonde hair. They can have very pale skin. Their eyes are blue, or rarely pink-ish. People with albinism can have problems such as bad vision, increased sweat and getting sunburnt easily. This is because people with albinism have less pigments in their eyes, skin and hair.

Albinism is rare in the United States. One out of every 20,000 people in the United States has albinism. There are about 15,945 people in the United States who have albinism.

Vision problems in albinism include nystagmus (irregular fast movements of the eyes), strabismus (where the eyes fail to balance) and refractory errors (like being _near-sighted_ or _far-sighted_).

In most environments, Albino animals are more easily seen and so may be attacked by predators. They lack the camouflage that the non-albino members of their species have. Also, where colour is a factor in mate selection, they may be at a disadvantage there, too.

## Genetics of albinism

Albinism is a hereditary condition. It is usually inherited in a recessive pattern; it means, both parents have to give the albinism gene to a child to cause albinism. Parents pass on pairs of genes to their children. One of the pairs of genes is in charge of making melanin. If both of these genes are flawed, then little or no pigment is made. If only one gene is flawed then pigment can still be made.

## Famous people with albinism

- Edgar Winter-musician
- Johnny Winter-musician
- Salif Keita-musician

## Other websites

- National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation (U.S.-based)
- Albinism in Popular Culture
Paco de Lucía

**Paco de Lucia** (real name: **Francisco Sanchez Gomez**, (21 December 1947  25 February 2014) was a Spanish Flamenco guitar player. He was born in Algeciras, Andalusia. He died in Cancún, Mexico from a heart attack.
Hearing

**Hearing** is one of the five senses. Ears detect vibrations in the air. These vibrations are sounds. Most animal<nowiki/>s can hear. Most land vertebrate<nowiki/>s hear through ear<nowiki/>s. Fish hear in several different ways. Many use their swim bladder to hear, and many use their lateral line.

In mammals, sound travels through three main parts of the ear to be heard. These are the outer, middle and inner ear.

- Outer Ear - This is the part of the ear that we can see called the pinna as well as the inside of the ear called the ear canal. Sound first travels through the pinna and ear canal then to the eardrum at the end of the canal which the sound makes vibrate.
- Middle Ear - Sound continues to travel deeper into the ear and is helped by three of the smallest bones in the body - hammer, anvil and stirrup - to reach the inner ear.
- Inner Ear - Here the sound reaches a small tube shaped like a snail shell, called the _cochlea_. Inside the cochlea is a fluid, which moves tiny hairs that send signals to the brain which interprets sounds for you to understand and hear
Caucasian race

**Caucasian** is a word for a person from Europe, West Asia, North Africa and some parts of  South Asia, Central Asia, and the Horn of Africa. The group of these persons was called "Caucasoid race" or **Caucasian race**. In former times, many people divided human beings into three broad categories or races. These races were called _Caucasoid_, _Mongoloid_, and _Negroid_. Today, scientists agree that there is only one human _species_ although modern genetic research has shown that different genetic variations and traits do exist, with general overlapping biological features common to these subgroups.

German anthropologist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752 – 1840) invented the name _Caucasian race_ because he saw a connection to the Caucasus Mountains.

In the United States, white people are often called "Caucasian". But the actual "Caucasian race" included people with a skin from white to relatively brown.
Voice

A **voice** is used when a person speaks or sings. It describes human communication, rather than that of animals.

The sound of the voice is carried by the air, and can be heard. A vocal sound is made when air is passed over the vocal cords, so making a meaningful sound. If a person has no voice, the condition is called muteness.

The musical part of a song that is sung by a person using their voice is called **vocals**.

Many terrestrial animals make sounds, especially those that are vertebrates. By extension, this might be called their voice, but another term is "animal sounds". That includes a wider range of noises which animals may produce.
South Holland

**South Holland** is a province in the west of the Netherlands. It is called _Zuid-Holland_ in Dutch. It is surrounded by the North Sea and the provinces North Holland, Utrecht, Gelderland, North Brabant, and Zeeland. About 3,805,000 people are living in South Holland (2023).

## Cities

The biggest cities are Rotterdam and The Hague. The Hague is the capital of the province. The Hague is also the administrative capital of the Netherlands. That means that the parliament is there.

Rotterdam has the largest port of Europe. Leiden, Gouda, and Delft have town centers with many old buildings. Zoetermeer is a quite new city. Most of it was built in the 1970s. Another important city is Dordrecht.

## Landscapes

In South Holland there are some typical Dutch landscapes. Near Leiden there is a region that is known as the _Bollenstreek_ ("bulb district"). In springtime many large fields with flowers can be found here. These fields are called _bulb fields_. Near Rotterdam there is a small village called Kinderdijk with 19 windmills near each other.

The area south of The Hague is called Westland. Here are many greenhouses.

## Islands

The south of the province has many islands. The largest of them are Voorne-Putten, Goeree-Overflakkee, IJsselmonde, the Hoeksche Waard and the island of Dordrecht. These big islands are connected by bridges and/or tunnels.

## Water resources

The most important rivers and other bodies of waters are Nieuwe Maas, Nieuwe Waterweg, Oude Maas, Haringvliet, and Hollands Diep.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: South Holland
- **native name**: Zuid-Holland
- **settlement type**: Province
- **image skyline**: Tussen Wassenaar en Katwijk, zicht in de duinen IMG 0135 2021-08-04 12.07.jpg
- **image caption**: Duingebied Berkheide (municipalities of Wassenaar and Katwijk)
- **image flag**: Flag of South Holland.svg
- **image shield**: Zuid-holland wapen.svg
- **map caption**: Location
- **image map1**: Prov-Zuid-Holland-OpenTopo.jpg
- **map caption1**: Map
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Netherlands
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 1840
- **seat**: The Hague (Den Haag)
- **area total km2**: 3308
- **area land km2**: 2698
- **area water km2**: 609
- **elevation max m**: 37
- **elevation min m**: -7
- **population as of**: 2023
- **population total**: 3805000
- **population density km2**: 1410
Black Eyed Peas

The **Black Eyed Peas** is an American pop rap group from Los Angeles, California. Over the years their music has included hip hop, R&B, dance and Latin. The group currently has three members: Will.i.am, apl.de.ap, Taboo.

## Members of the Black Eyed Peas and its history

- Stacy Ann Ferguson, better known by her stage name Fergie, was born on March 27, 1975. She is an American R&B singer, actress and songwriter of Irish, Mexican, and Scottish descent. She was revealed by the kids TV series _Kids Incorporated_ and another TV show, _Great Pretenders_. The TV series revealed her talents and she began her career of singer with the R&B trio Wild Orchid which became the group of the Black Eyed Peas. She acted in the movie _Nine_ which came out in theatres in 2010. In 2017, Fergie left the group to focus on her solo career.
- will.i.am (real name William James Adams) was born on March 15, 1975, in Los Angeles. He is an American rapper and singer of Jamaican descent. will.i.am rose to fame as frontman and co-founder of the Black Eyed Peas. He has recently left Interscope for a solo deal with Def Jam.
- Allan Pineda Lindo, better known by his stage name Apl.de.ap, is a Filipino American rapper and producer. He was born on November 28, 1974 in Angeles City in the Philippines, from the age of 11 and he moved to the United States because he was adopted by the Hudgen's family. He began his career of singer and performer in the group "Atban Klann" with Will.i.am, which become the "Black Eyed Peas" when Taboo entered this group in 1995.
- Taboo (real name Jaime Luis Gomez) was born on July 14, 1975 in Los Angeles. He joined the Black Eyed Peas in 1995. He has a son named "Josh" who was born on December 5, 1993.

Before they became popular, the group's members were will.i.am, apl.de.ap, Taboo and backing vocalist Kim Hill. Hill left the group in 2000 and was replaced in 2003 by Fergie. They first became popular with the single "Where Is the Love" and the album _Elephunk_ and their next album, _Monkey Business_ was also successful. They have more recently released _The E.N.D._, an album that has had the successful singles "Boom Boom Pow", "I Gotta Feeling" and "Meet Me Halfway".

## Albums

- _Behind the Front_ (1998)
- _Bridging the Gap_ (2000)
- _Elephunk_ (2003)
- _Monkey Business_ (2005)
- _The E.N.D._ (2009)
- _The Beginning_ (2010)
- _Masters of the Sun Vol. 1_ (2018)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Black Eyed Peas
- **image**: Les Black Eyed Peas en concert au VIP Room Paris 3 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Black Eyed Peas in 2009. From left:
will.i.am, Fergie (singer), Fergie, Taboo (rapper), Taboo, and apl.de.ap.
- **landscape**: yes
- **origin**: Los Angeles, California
- **alias**: *Atban Klann (1992–1995)
*Black Eyed Pods (1995)
*The Black Eyed Peas (2003–2017)
- **current members**: * will.i.am
* apl.de.ap
* Taboo (rapper), Taboo
- **past members**: * Fergie (singer), Fergie
* See #Group_members, group members section for others
PSP

**PSP** may refer to:
- PlayStation Portable - made by Sony
- Progressive supranuclear palsy
Abortion

An **abortion** is a medical procedure that ends a pregnancy before birth.

A developing human usually takes about thirty-nine weeks to grow and be born. The different stages are called trimesters. Normally, this occurs about forty weeks after the mother's last menstrual period. Most women won't notice their menstrual period stopped until well after 12 weeks due to periods being abnormal and not always on schedule. This developing human is called an _embryo_ for the first eight weeks of the pregnancy, and _fetus_ for the rest of the pregnancy. Abortion causes the embryo or fetus to die.
Sexual orientation

**Sexual orientation** is forms of sexual attraction to people. There are many different groups. Some examples are: attraction to a different gender (heterosexuality), attraction to the same gender (homosexuality), attraction to more than one gender (bisexuality), and no attraction any gender (asexuality).
Flamenco

**Flamenco** is a style of baile. It is a form of entertainment with song, music and dance. It is very popular in Spain and is known worldwide. Its foundation is in Andalusia in Spain. In its evolution Andalusian gypsies played an important part.  The term 'flamenco' was first recorded in the late 18th century but many believe the art form is much older.

Flamenco has acoustic guitar music, singing, hand claps, heel stamps, castanets. It is danced by a man and a woman in traditional Spanish costumes. The dance has no set tempo. It may have both fast and slow passages, rising to a climax near the end.

Flamenco performance has evolved during the history of this musical genre. In the beginning (the 18th century at the latest), songs were sung without any guitar accompaniment. During the 19th century, the guitar was used to accompany songs. Since the second half of the 19th century, the solo guitar is played in flamenco concerts.

On November 16, 2010, UNESCO declared Flamenco one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

## Related pages

- Carmen Amaya
- Antonio Ruiz Soler

## Other websites

Examples of flamenco:
- Traditional flamenco https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLFH01qJT3k
- Traditional flamenco by José Greco https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjQ3jQtFu-k
- Notable for the voice and guitar as well as the dance by Sara Barras https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ-ie12Eqck
- Ramon Ruiz group https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPhCIKFkfg4