juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Brenda Lee

**Brenda Mae Tarpley** or **Brenda Lee** (born December 11, 1944 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American pop singer. She was popular in the 1960s. She stood  tall and was called “Little Miss Dynamite” because of her strong voice. She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002.

## Other websites

- Brenda Lee's official site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Brenda Lee
- **image**: Brenda Lee 1977.JPG
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Lee in 1977
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Brenda Mae Tarpley
- **birth place**: Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, US
- **genre**: Rock and Roll, Pop music, Pop, Rockabilly, Country music, Country,  Gospel music, Gospel
- **occupation**: Singer
- **years active**: 1951–present
- **associated acts**: Connie Francis, Skeeter Davis, Ricky Nelson, Lesley Gore, Red Foley, Muruga Booker, Loretta Lynn, Patsy Cline
- **label**: Decca Records, Decca <small>(1959–1969)</small>
MCA Records <small>(1970–1991)</small>
Warner Bros. Records <small>(1991–1993)</small>
Telstar Records <small>(1994–1996)</small>
Bear Family Records <small>(1997–1998)</small>
MCA Nashville Records, MCA Nashville <small>(1999–present)</small>
- **website**: [http://www.brendalee.com/ Brenda Lee.com]
Buddy Clark

**Buddy Clark** (born **Samuel Goldberg**, July 26, 1912 – October 1, 1949) was an American popular singer of the Big Band era. He had success in the 1930s and 1940s, returning to the United States after World War II. He died in a plane crash in 1949.
Air Supply

**Air Supply** is a pop music singing group. They formed in Melbourne, Australia in 1975.

The current members are Russell Hitchcock (born June 15, 1949 in Melbourne) and Graham Russell (born June 11, 1950 in Nottingham, England). In 1981 they got with their song "The One That You Love" a number one hit in the United States. They had their most popular times during the early 1980s.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Air Supply
- **img**: Airsupply.jpg
- **img alt**: Two man standing at microphones, both are shown facing slightly to the right. Male at left has a guitar and is resting his left arm over it. The second male is shorter and has a moustache.
- **img capt**: Graham Russell (left) and Russell Hitchcock of Air Supply, 2006
- **img size**: 250
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Melbourne, Australia
- **genre**: Pop rock, soft rock, Adult contemporary music, adult contemporary
- **years active**: 1975–present
- **label**: Arista Records, Arista, Giant Records (Warner), Giant, A Nice Pear Records, A Nice Pear
- **current members**: Russell Hitchcock
Graham Russell
- **past members**: Christo Pellani
Chrissie Hammond
Jeremy Paul (musician), Jeremy Paul
Mark McEntee
Mike Zerbe
Frank Esler-Smith
David Moyse
Rex Goh
David Green (bassist), David Green
Ralph Cooper (musician), Ralph Cooper
Howard Smith
Sex Pistols

The **Sex Pistols** were the first popular punk group in Britain and one of the first bands to come from the rising U.K. punk scene of the late 1970s. They were only together for about 3 years, from late 1975 to early 1978, and they were known for their rowdy behaviour more than their music. The music they made gave many new artists a big influence on their music, mostly in the alternative music and punk scenes such as California punk rock group Green Day.

The band members were Johnny Rotten (vocals), Paul Cook (drums), Steve Jones (guitar) and Glen Matlock (bass). Sid Vicious later replaced Matlock on bass in February 1977 but died 2 years later. They recorded only one studio album, called _Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols_ during the summer of 1977. One of their most famous songs is "Anarchy In The UK". Another one of their most famous songs is "God Save the Queen (Sex Pistols song)", which was banned by the BBC for it's contents. They split up after a show at Winterland on January 14th, 1978, with Rotten saying "You ever get the feelin' you're bein' cheated?"

## Albums

- _Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols_ (1977)
- The Great Rock n' Roll Swindle (1979) (Soundtrack to a film of the same name)
- Flogging A Dead Horse (1980) (Greatest Hits Compilation Album)

## Other websites

- God Save The Sex Pistols
- John Lydon Official Site
- The Filth and the Fury
- Photographs by Bob Gruen

## Infobox (band)

- **name**: Sex Pistols
- **image**: Sex Pistols in Paradiso.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: The Sex Pistols in Amsterdam in 1977. From left to right: Paul Cook, Glen Matlock, Johnny Rotten and Steve Jones.
- **years active**: 1975 - 1978
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: London, England, UK
- **genre**: Punk rock
- **label**: EMI, A&M, Virgin Records.
- **past members**: Johnny Rotten - vocals
Paul Cook - drums
Steve Jones - guitar
Glen Matlock / Sid Vicious - bass
Walter Murphy

**Walter Murphy** (b. December 19, 1952) is a classically trained American pianist. He was born in New York City. He had a hit song in the late 1970s, "A Fifth of Beethoven".

## Other websites

- Walter Murphy's Allmusic Page

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **years active**: 1970-present
- **birth date**: December 19, 1952
1570s

The **1570s** was a decade that started on 1 January 1570 and ended on 31 December 1579.

It is distinct from the decade known as the ***158th decade*** which began on January 1, 1571 and ended on December 31, 1580.

## Events

- Transition from the Muromachi to the Azuchi-Momoyama period in Japan
- Fourth War of Religion in France, including the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
- Vilcabamba, last independent part of the Inca Empire, is conquered by the Spanish.
- 8.3 M<sub>s</sub> Earthquake destroys the town of Concepción

## Births

- Abbas I of Safavid dynasty, Shah of Iran
- Juan Pujol, Catalan composer of music and organist
- Robert Catesby, English leader of the Gunpowder Plot

## Deaths

- Tupac Amaru, last of the Inca kings
- John Knox, Scottish religious reformer
John Knox

**John Knox** (c. 1510 – 24 November 1572) brought the Protestant Reformation to Scotland and was one of the founders of the Presbyterian Church. Knox joined the movement to change the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland. He married twice and had five children. Knox preached until he died.

A  fight between Catholic France and Protestant England for Scotland began again because of the Reformation. Sometimes, France had more power. Other times, England had it. Knox spent many months as a galley slave. He also spent time in exile because of his Protestant beliefs. During a trip to Scotland, Knox's preaching helped the Protestant movement. Several Protestant noblemen came together and made a group called the Lords of the Congregation. When the group had more power, they invited Knox back to Scotland to stay.

In 1500 and 1561, the Scottish Parliament accepted the Reformed confession of faith made by Knox and other people.

Knox often debated with Mary, Queen of Scots. In his book _History of the Reformation in Scotland_, he writes about his five "conversations" with the Roman Catholic queen. In one of those conversations, Mary asked Knox what right he had to rebuke the queen so directly and openly. Knox replied, "I am a worm of this earth, and yet a subject...but I am a watchman, both over the realm (land) and the Kirk [Church] of God...For that reason I am bound in conscience (it is my duty) to blow the trumpet publicly (openly)".

Mary's violent life finally made even many of her Catholic supporters abandon her. She gave up the throne, which allowed Knox to pass the Reformation in Scotland and form the Presbyterian Church.

## Infobox (theologian)

- **name**: John Knox
- **honorific prefix**: The Reverend
- **image**: Portrait of John Knox (4671577).jpg
- **caption**: 19th-century engraving of Knox
- **birth place**: Giffordgate, Haddington, East Lothian, Haddington, Scotland
- **death date**: 24 November 1572 (aged 58 or 59)
- **death place**: Edinburgh, Scotland
- **alma mater**: University of St. Andrews
- **occupation**: Pastor, author, reformer
Zuni

The **Zuni**, also called **Zuñi** or **Ashiwi** are a Native American tribe. They live near the Zuni River. This river flows into the Little Colorado River, in western New Mexico, United States.

They are famous for their language, which is not like other Pueblo or Native American languages. It is a language isolate.
Goat

**Goat** may mean:

- Domestic goat
- Wild goat (_Capra aegagrus_)
1460s

The **1460s** was the decade that started on January 1, 1460 and ended on December 31, 1469. It is distinct from the decade known as the ***147th decade*** which began on January 1, 1461 and ended on December 31, 1470.

## Events

- Sonni Ali, first Songhai king, conquers many of his African neighbors.
- Thirteen Years' War ends in eastern Europe.
- The Portuguese continue to explore the world.
- Chimú Empire taken over by soldiers of the Inca Empire in South America.

## Births

- King Louis XII of France
- Emperor Go-Kashiwabara of Japan
- Erasmus, Dutch thinker
- Montezuma II, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlán
- Pope Paul III
- Juan de Zumárraga, first bishop of Mexico

## Deaths

- Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese explorer
- David of Trebizond, Byzantine Emperor
- Zhengtong Emperor of China
- Nicholas of Cusa, German mathematician and astronomer
- Pope Pius II
- Skanderbeg, Albanian national hero
- Zara Yaqob, Emperor of Ethiopia
1460

## Events

- The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone.
- March 5 – King Christian I of Denmark declares the unity of the two provinces of Schleswig and Holstein, who have been treated as one ever since (although under different national affiliations).
- March 6 – Treaty of Alcacovas – Portugal gives Castile the Canary Islands in exchange for claims in West Africa
- June – The Earl of Warwick and Edward, Earl of March, eldest son of the Duke of York, land in England with an army and seize London.
- July 18 – Battle of Northampton – Warwick and March defeat a Lancastrian army and seize King Henry. It is agreed that York will be Henry's heir, disinheriting the King's son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales.
- December 30 – Battle of Wakefield – A Lancastrian army under Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland defeats a Yorkist army under the Duke of York and his son, Edmund, Earl of Rutland. Both York and Rutland are killed, the latter murdered after the battle. York's son Edward becomes leader of the Yorkist faction.
1517

## Events

- January 22 – Battle of Ridanieh. The Turkish forces of Selim I defeat the main Mamluk army in Egypt under Touman Bey.
- February 3 – Capture of Cairo by the Turks.
- First contact of organized western merchants with China.
- August 15 – Portuguese merchant Fernao Pires de Andrade met Chinese officials through an interpreter at Pearl River estuary and landed at Hong Kong.
- October 31 – Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church.
- Conquest of Riazan by Grand Prince Vasili III of Muscovy.
- Selim I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire conquers Palestine and Egypt, and declares himself Caliph.
- Third outbreak of the sweating sickness in England, especially bad in Oxford and Cambridge

## Births

- Jacques Peletier du Mans, French mathematician (died 1582)
- Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, English aristocrat (died 1547)
1554

**1554** (MDLIV) was a common year starting on Monday in the Julian calendar.

## Events

- January 5 – Great fire in Eindhoven, Netherlands.
- February – Thomas Wyatt surrenders to government forces in London.
- February 12 – After claiming the throne of England the previous year, Lady Jane Grey is beheaded for treason alongside her husband.
- March 17 – Princess Elizabeth imprisoned in The Tower.
- April 12 – Mary of Guise becomes Regent of Scotland.
- July 23 – 25 – Wedding of Queen Mary I of England and King Philip of Naples, only son of Emperor Charles V in Winchester, England.
- August 12 – Battle of Renty.  French forces led by Francis, Duke of Guise turn back an invasion of Picardy by Charles V.
- The French forces in Siena surrender to the Imperialists after a long siege.
- Mikael Agricola becomes the bishop of Turku.
- Jesuits establish São Paulo in Brazil.
1532

## Events

- May 16 – Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England.
- June 25 – Suleiman I leads another invasion of Hungary, which fails miserably.
- September 1 – Lady Anne Boleyn is created Marchioness of Pembroke by her fiancée, King Henry VIII of England.
- November 16 – Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca Atahualpa.
- Atahualpa wins Inca civil war over Huáscar
- _The Prince_ is published five years after death of the writer Niccolò Machiavelli
- _Pantagruel_ is published by François Rabelais
- Henry VIII grants the Thorne brothers a Royal Charter to found Bristol Grammar School.
1206

## Events

- Temujin becomes Genghis Khan of the Mongol people, he started the Mongol Empire
- Qutb ud-Din starts the Mameluk dynasty in India, the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
- Livonian Brothers of the Sword in alliance with Semigallians beats Livs
- King Valdemar II and archbishop Andreas Sunonis made a raid to Saaremaa island, Estonia. The islanders were forced to give up and the Danes built a fortress there, but they found no volunteers to stay there. They burned it down themselves and left the island.

## Births

- Béla IV of Hungary (died 1270)
- Güyük Khan

## Deaths

- Ikhtiyar al-Din Muhammad Bin Bakhtiyar Khalji – Founder of Muslim rule in Bengal
- April 7 – Frederick I, Duke of Lorraine
- June 4 – Adèle of Champagne, queen of Louis VII of France
- Muhammad of Ghor, Persian conqueror and sultan (born 1162)
- Jamuqa, Mongol military and political leader
Ben Nevis

**Ben Nevis** is the highest mountain in the British Isles at  high.  It is in Scotland, near Fort William. The mountain forms part of the Three Peaks Challenge and attracts an estimated 100,000 climbers per year,

The name comes from the Scottish Gaelic, Beinn Nibheis, which may mean poisonous or terrible.

## The Summit

The summit of Ben Nevis is a large stony plateau of about . The highest point is marked with a large stone mound which sits an Ordnance Survey trig point.

The ruined walls of an observatory are also on the summit. An emergency shelter has been built on top of the observatory tower for people caught out by bad weather. The roof of the shelter is higher than the trig point by several feet, making it the highest man-made structure in the UK. A war memorial to the dead of World War II is next to the observatory.

On 17 May 2006, a piano that had been buried under one of the cairns on the peak was uncovered by the John Muir Trust, which owns much of the mountain. The piano is believed to have been carried up for charity by removal men from Dundee over 20 years earlier.

The view from the UK's highest point can reach to over , and mountains such as the Torridon Hills, Morven in Caithness, Lochnagar, Ben Lomond, Barra Head and Knocklayd in County Antrim, Northern Ireland can be seen.
Snowdon

**Snowdon** is the highest mountain in Wales.  Its top is known as _Yr Wyddfa_ (Old Welsh meaning "the grave").  The English name Snowdon comes from Saxon "Snow Dun", meaning "snow hill".

It is in Snowdonia National Park. As the highest mountain in Wales, Snowdon is one of three mountains climbed as part of the  Three Peaks Challenge.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Snowdon
- **photo**: Snowdon massif.jpg
- **photo caption**: The Snowdon group viewed from the east
<small>left to right</small>
Y Lliwedd, Crib Goch, Yr Wyddfa, Garnedd Ugain
- **elevation m**: 1085
- **elevation ref**:  
- **prominence m**: 1039
- **prominence ref**:
<small>List of mountains of the British Isles by relative height, Ranked joint 3rd in British Isles</small>
- **parent peak**: Ben Nevis
- **map**: Wales Gwynedd#United Kingdom
- **map size**: 200
- **label position**: bottom
- **listing**: Marilyn (hill), Marilyn, Furth (mountain), Furth, Hewitt (hill), Hewitt, Nuttall (hill), Nuttall, Welsh 3000s, List of Welsh principal areas by highest point, council top, Ribu
- **location**: Gwynedd, Wales
- **range**: Snowdonia
- **grid ref uk**: SH6098954379
- **topo**: Ordnance Survey, OS _Landranger_ 115, _Explorer_ OL17
Manaus

**Manaus** is the principal city of the North Region of Brazil. It is the capital of Amazonas. Manaus had a great age when latex was discovered in the Amazon region.  Manaus developed economically and culturally.  After that great age, latex started to be produced in other countries, particularly Malaysia and Indonesia, where due the similar climate the plants start to grow even faster than in Brasil.

Manaus is considerated as the entrance door to the biggest ecological reservation in the planet: The Amazon rainforest.  Its name come from a tribe called Manaós that lived in this area and means "Mother of God". The colonization started on 1669, with a small fort, and around it grew a settlement.  In 1833 it became a village, with the name of Manaus.  On October 24th of 1848 it receive the name of city and became the Capital of the state.

Manaus is the site of the "encontro of the waters" where two big rivers Rio Negro (black river) and Solimoes River come together and for more than 10 km "walk together but not mixed" because of their differing density, and then become the Amazon.

The American Charles Goodyear, inventor of vulcanization, developed a procedure to process the juice of the rubber tree into rubber. The city became rich, and India rubber barons paid for a big biggest luxury from Europe, a copy the Grand Paris Opéra - the TEATRO AMAZONAS. Other monuments from this time include the MERCADO MUNICIPAL, a copy of the famous market halls Les Halles in Paris, the arts centre RIO PALACIO NEGRO between fascinating Portuguese facades.

Today Manaus is a foreign trade zone. Foreign enterprises pay here no import duties what guarantees a certain income for the city and the region. Electronics, wood industry and oil refineries have settled in the outskirts in industrial areas. The harbour is the most important trading centre for the care of the city with regional, national and international products.
About 1.5 million people live in Manaus.
It was nominated as one of the places for the Soccer World Cup 2014. the city is growing rapidly and start to prepare for the event that will bring a lot of people.
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Manaus-Brazil/Manaus/31744815753 Manaus in Facebook

The Opera house is the major cultural heritage of the Amazonas. It was inaugurated in 1896 during the rubber boom. In spite of the predominance of neoclassic elements, other styles were used, so the architecture is eclectic, with materials brought from Europe as well as artists like Domenico de Angelis, Giovanni Capranesi and Crispim do Amaral.  Preserved as a national heritage since 1965, today, with more than 100 years, it has room for 681 people including balconies and three floors of boxes. After the restauration made by the state government in 1990, the theater rescued its splendor, with performances of famous operas, national and international musicians.
Amazonas

**Amazonas** is the name of four places in South American nations:

- Amazonas (Brazil), a state in Brazil
- Amazonas Department, Colombia
- Amazonas Region, Peru
- Amazonas (Venezuela), a state in Venezuela

## Related pages

- Amazon
1740s

The **1740s** was a decade that began on 1 January 1740 and ended on 31 December 1749. It is distinct from the decade known as the ***175th decade*** which began on January 1, 1741 and ended on December 31, 1750.

## Events

- The War of Austrian Succession (1740–1748)

## World leaders

- Louis XV of France (king from 1715 to 1774)
- Afsharid dynasty of Persia
    - Nadir Shah, 1736–1747
    - Adil Shah, 1747–1748
    - Ebrahim Afshar, 1748
    - Shah Rukh, 1748–1750
- George II of Great Britain (king from 1727 to 1760)
- Philip V of Spain (king from 1700 to 1746)
- Ferdinand VI of Spain (king from 1746 to 1759)
- Pope Benedict XIV

## Births

- Marquis de Sade, French writer
- Pope Pius VII
- Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States (d. 1826)

## Deaths

- Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, the last of the Medicis
- Alexander Pope, English writer
- Jonathan Swift, Irish writer
Tocantins (state)

**Tocantins** is a state in central Brazil.  The state was made in 1988 out of the northern part of Goiás, and construction began on the capital, Palmas, in 1989.  Palmas is much newer than most cities in the area.

The state is the border between the Amazon Rainforest and Brazil's grassy flatlands.  The state is very important for raising and selling cows and other farm animals.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: State of Tocantins
- **native name lang**: pt
- **settlement type**: States of Brazil, State
- **image flag**: Bandeira do Tocantins.svg
- **image shield**: Coat of arms of Tocantins.svg
- **image map**: Brazil State Tocantins.svg
- **map caption**: Location of State of Tocantins in Brazil
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital and Largest City
- **seat**: Palmas, Tocantins, Palmas
- **leader party**: PSDB
- **leader title**: Governor (Brazil), Governor
- **leader name**: José Wilson Siqueira Campos
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 277620.91
- **area rank**: List of Brazilian states by area, 10th
- **population total**: 1,383,453
- **population as of**: 2010 census
- **population rank**: List of Brazilian states by population, 24th
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: List of Brazilian states by population density, 22nd
- **population demonym**: Tocantinense
- **demographics type1**: Gross domestic product, GDP
- **demographics1 title1**: Year
- **demographics1 info1**: 2006 estimate
- **demographics1 title2**: Total
- **demographics1 info2**: R$ 9,607,000,000 (List of Brazilian states by gross domestic product, 24th)
- **demographics1 title3**: Per capita
- **demographics1 info3**: R$ 7,210 (List of Brazilian states by gross domestic product, 17th)
- **demographics type2**: Human Development Index, HDI
- **demographics2 title1**: Year
- **demographics2 info1**: 2005
- **demographics2 title2**: Category
- **demographics2 info2**: 0.756 – <span style="color:#fc0">medium</span> (List of Brazilian states by Human Development Index, 15th)
- **postal code type**: Postal Code
- **postal code**: 77000-000 to 77990-000
- **timezone1**: Time in Brazil, BRT
- **utc offset1**: -3
- **timezone1 dst**: Time in Brazil, BRST
- **utc offset1 dst**: -2
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:BR, BR-TO
- **website**: [http://www.to.gov.br/ to.gov.br]
Gosport

**Gosport** is a town in Hampshire, England. The population of Gosport is around 78,000

## Infobox (settlement)

- **timezone**: Greenwich Mean Time, GMT
- **utc offset**: 0
- **timezone dst**: British Summer Time, BST
- **utc offset dst**: +1
- **settlement type**: Town & Borough
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Sovereign State
- **subdivision type1**: Countries of the United Kingdom, Constituent country
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of England, Region
- **subdivision type3**: Non-metropolitan county
- **subdivision type4**: Status
- **subdivision type5**: Admin HQ
- **subdivision name**: United Kingdom
- **subdivision name1**: England
- **subdivision name4**: Non-metropolitan district
- **government type**: Non-metropolitan district council
- **leader title**: Borough Council
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader title2**: List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 2015, MPs
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicity
- **blank1 name**: ONS coding system, ONS code
- **blank2 name**: Ordnance Survey National Grid, OS grid reference
- **postal code type**: Postcodes in the United Kingdom, Postcodes
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **official name**: Gosport
- **other name**: Borough of Gosport
- **image map**: Gosport UK locator map.svg
- **map caption**: Borough of Gosport shown within Hampshire
- **subdivision name2**: South East England
- **subdivision name3**: Hampshire
- **subdivision name5**: Gosport
- **leader name**: Gosport Borough Council
- **leader name1**: Keith Gill
- **leader name2**: Caroline Dinenage (Conservative)
- **area rank**: List of English districts by area, (of )
- **area total km2**: 25.29
- **population rank**: List of English districts by population, (of )
- **blank1 info**: 24UF (ONS)
E07000088 (GSS)
- **postal code**: PO postcode area, PO12, PO13
- **area code**: 023
Indonesian language

**Indonesian language** (_Bahasa Indonesia_) is the national and official language of Indonesia and is used in the entire country. It is a form of the Malay language. It is the language of official communication, taught in schools and used for broadcast in electronic and digital media. Being the top multilingual (especially trilingual) country in the world, most Indonesians also speak their own ethnic or native languages, with the most widely spoken being Javanese and Sundanese which consequently give huge influence into the Indonesian language itself.

With huge speakers throughout the country as well as by the diaspora who live abroad, Indonesian language is listed as one of the most spoken languages worldwide. Indonesian language also officially taught and used in schools, universities, and institutions worldwide, especially in Australia, Netherlands, Japan, South Korea, Timor Leste, Vietnam, Taiwan, United States of America, United Kingdom, etc.

Having a long-established historical ties with European countries since the colonialism era, some of Indonesian terms has absorbed into some European languages, mainly the Dutch and English. Indonesian language itself also has numerous loanwords which derived from the European languages, mainly from the Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish, and English. Indonesian language also has loanwords derived from Sanskrit, Chinese, and Arabic which diffused in Indonesian due to the trade and religious-based activities that had been done since ancient times within the Indonesian archipelago region.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Indonesian
- **nativename**: ( Indonesian language)
- **states**:

- **speakers**: ~300 million
- **date**: 2020
- **ref**: e16
- **speakers2**: Over 140 million L2 speakers
- **familycolor**: Austronesian
- **fam2**: Malayo-Polynesian languages, Malayo-Polynesian
- **fam3**: Malayo-Sumbawan languages, Malayo-Sumbawan
- **fam4**: North and East Malayo-Sumbawan languages, North and East Malayo-Sumbawan
- **fam5**: Malayic languages, Malayic
- **fam6**: Nuclear Malayic languages, Nuclear Malayic
- **fam7**: Standard Malay-Indonesian languages, Standard Malay-Indonesian
- **nation**: ----
- **minority**: (Used when trading with Indonesia)
 (used in United Nations peacekeeping, UN peacekeeping missions)
- **script**: Latin script, Latin (Indonesian alphabet)
- **agency**: Pusat Bahasa, Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa
- **iso1**: id
- **iso2**: ind
- **iso3**: ind
- **glotto**: indo1316
All in the Family

***All in the Family*** is an American situation comedy that aired on CBS from 1971 to 1979. It is about a working class family who live in Queens, New York City. The main character is Archie Bunker. The show deals with many controversial issues (including abortion and racism). The sitcom was created by Norman Lear and it was developed by Lear and Bud Yorkin. It is based on the British sitcom _Till Death Us Do Part_ which was made by Johnny Speight. Carroll O'Connor, Jean Stapleton, Sally Struthers, Rob Reiner, and Danielle Brisebois are the main actors on the show.

_All in the Family_ is seen in the United States of America as one of the greatest television programs in history. The show did not do good in the first season but a lot more people watched when CBS put in the summer reruns on television. Many people liked that the show talked about controversial issues. The show got number 1 on the Nielsen ratings from 1971 to 1976. It was the first television show to do this. The episode "Sammy Visit's" was number 13 on _TV Guide**s 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time and _TV Guide**s 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time had _All in the Family_ as the fourth greatest show of all time. Bravo put Archie Bunker as the "greatest character of all time." _All in the Family_ had seven spin-off shows made. That is the most spin-off shows from any show ever.

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 25–26 minutes
- **genre**: Sitcom
- **creator**: Norman Lear
- **based on**: _Till Death Us Do Part_ by Johnny Speight
- **developer**: Norman Lear and Bud Yorkin
- **theme music composer**: Lee Adams (lyrics),
Charles Strouse (music), Roger Kellaway (ending theme)
- **opentheme**: "Those Were the Days"
Performed by Carroll O'Connor and Jean Stapleton
- **endtheme**: "Remembering You"
by Roger Kellaway, (music) and Carroll O'Connor (additional lyrics added in 1971; instrumental version)
- **location**: Television City, CBS Television City
Hollywood, California (1971–75)
Metromedia Square
Hollywood, California (1975–79)
- **company**: Tandem Productions
- **country**: United States
- **network**: CBS
- **num seasons**: 9
- **list episodes**: List of All in the Family episodes
- **num episodes**: 205
Saint (disambiguation)

**Saint** can mean different things:

## Religion

Different religions & groups use the term _saint_ differently. The word comes form Latin _Sanctus_, which means holy. In general, saints are believed to be good examples of how people should live, or what people should do. Saints are synonymous, or are associated, with holiness. In the Roman Catholic Church, to become a saint, you have to go through a process called canonization, which is performed by the Pope.
- In the New Testament, the term Saint is used to refer to any member of the Church of Christ.
- In the Roman Catholic Church, a saint is someone who lives a very holy life and loves others. Catholics believe that anyone who is in heaven is already a saint. However, to be declared an official saint by the Church, someone must be canonized.
- In Mormonism, a saint is someone who is of Mormon line.
- In Protestant churches, a saint is anyone who is baptized and lives their faith.

## Sports teams

- _Southampton F.C._ is the nickname for an English football team based in the city of Southampton.
- _The New Saints_ are a League of Wales football club representing the Welsh town of Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain and the nearby English town of Oswestry.
- Northampton _Saints_ are a rugby union club.
- The _New Orleans Saints_ are a professional American football franchise of the National Football League.
- St Kilda Football Club in the Australian Football League is known as _The Saints_.

## Entertainment

- "The Saint" is a character created by Leslies Charteris.  The Saint has appeared in a number of books, movies and TV shows, including
    - The Saint, a 1997 movie starring Val Kilmer
- Saint is the title of a novel by Ted Dekker
- _Saint (Heavy Metal)_,  a Christian heavy metal band.
- For the pioneering Australian punk band, see The Saints.
- There are also two actresses by the name of _Saint_: Eva Marie Saint and Silvia Saint.
- _When the Saints Go Marching In_ is a popular tune also known as "The Saints".

## Other

- Saint is a type of pigeon
- _Saint_ can be used to describe a really loving or caring person.
Yangtze River

The **Yangtze River**, or **Yangzi** (Simple Chinese: 扬子江 / Traditional Chinese: 揚子江), or **Chang Jiang** (Simple Chinese: 长江 / Traditional Chinese: 長江), is the longest River in China and Asia, as well as the world's third longest river (after the Amazon and the Nile). It is honored as one of the two main cradles of Chinese civilization. (another is Yellow River)

The river is about 3,900 miles  long and is one of the busiest waterways in the world. It goes from the western part of China (Plateau of Tibet) into the East China Sea, which is part of the Pacific Ocean. It has been thought of as a dividing point between northern and southern China. It helped start the Chinese civilization.

On the river is a big dam called the Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest in the world. It forms a man-made lake that stretches almost  upstream.

The Yangtze River is home to many species. The Finless porpoise is endangered and the Lipotes vexillifer (Chinese river dolphin) which died in 2002.

Top tourist attractions for the Yangtze river cruise are Chongqing Dazu Carvings, Three Gorges, lesser Three Gorges, Bai Di City, Fengdu Ghost City and so on.

The Yangtze River is also known as the Yanugzi or Chang Jiange.

Etymology: "The name Yangtze" [... comes] from the name of the ancient fiefdom of Yang", according to media.

## Uses

- transport
- drinking water
- cleaning
- boundary marking
- ingredients for food

## Pollution

The Yangtze river is becoming extremely polluted. The Yangtze river contains oil, dead animals and rubbish including cans, bags, wrappers, glass and plastic bottles. In 2001 about 23.4 billion tons of sewerage and factory waste was dumped in the river.

## Other websites

- [how to say Chiang Jiang]. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/Zh-Ch%C3%A1ngji%C4%81ng.oga/Zh-Ch%C3%A1ngji%C4%81ng.oga.mp3. Wikimedia.org
- Attractions along Yangtze River
- Yangtze River Cruise Guide
Sons and Daughters of Saint Lucia

"**Sons and Daughters of Saint Lucia**" is the national anthem of Saint Lucia. The song has been used since the country became independent in 1979.

### English lyrics

- Sons and daughters of Saint Lucia,
- Love the land that gave us birth.
- Land of beaches, hills and valleys,
- Fairest isle of all the earth!
- Wheresoever you may roam,
- Love, oh love, our island home.

- Gone the times when nations battled,
- For this Helen of the west.
- Gone the days when strife and discord,
- Dimmed her children's toil and rest.
- Dawns at last a brighter day,
- Stretches out a glad new way.

- May the good Lord bless our island,
- Guard her sons from woe and harm.
- May our people live united,
- Strong in soul and strong in arm.
- Justice, Truth and Charity,
- Our ideal forever be!

### French translation

- Fils et filles de Sainte-Lucie,
- aime la terre qui nous a donné naissance.
- Terre de plages, de collines et de vallées,
- la plus belle île de toute la terre!
- Partout où vous pouvez errer,
- Amour, oh amour, notre île à la maison.
- Fini le temps où les nations se battaient
- Pour cette Hélène de l'ouest.
- Fini le temps où les conflits et la discorde
- atténué le travail et le repos de ses enfants.
- Lève enfin un jour plus lumineux,
- s'étend d'une manière nouvelle et heureuse.
- Que le bon Dieu bénisse notre île,
- protège ses fils du malheur et du mal.
- Que notre peuple vive uni,
- fort dans l'âme et fort dans le bras.
- Justice, vérité et charité,
- notre idéal soit pour toujours!
1590s

The **1590s** was a decade that started on 1 January 1590 and ended on 31 December 1599.

It is distinct from the decade known as the ***160th decade*** which began on January 1, 1591 and ended on December 31, 1600.

## Events

**1590**
- March 14 – Battle of Ivry – Henry IV of France again defeats the forces of the Catholic League under the Duc de Mayenne.
- May–August – Unsuccessful siege of Paris by Henry IV of France. Henry is forced to raise the siege when the Duke of Parma comes to its relief with a Spanish army.
- May 17 – Anne of Denmark is crowned queen of Scotland.
- August 18 – John White, the governor of the Colony of Roanoke, returns from a supply-trip to England and finds his settlement deserted.
- September 15 – Pope Urban VII succeeds Sixtus V.
- December 5 – Pope Gregory XIV succeeds Urban VII.
- Coptic Pope Gabriel VIII succeeds Yoannis XIV.
- Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria Meletius I succeeds Silvester.
- Japan is united by Toyotomi Hideyoshi
- Seven-Year War – Japan invades Korea in 1592 and 1597.
- Journey to the West first appears in China.
794

## Events

- Kyoto becomes the Japanese capital. Begin of the Heian period.
- Council of Frankfurt – oldest known mentioning of Frankfurt.
537

## Events

- Pope Silverius deposed by Belisarius at the order of Justinian, who appoints as his successor Pope Vigilius.
- Battle of Camlann between Arthur and Mordred. (traditional date)
- December 27 – Construction of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is completed.
Tampico

- _This article is about a city in Mexico. For the birthplace of U.S. President Ronald Reagan, see Tampico, Illinois._

**Tampico** is the main city in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico.

It was the site of an incident called the Tampico Affair during the Mexican Revolution in the early 20th century that led to armed conflict between Mexico and the United States. About 80 years earlier Tampico was part of a less serious conflict between the two countries, called the Tampico Expedition.
Goalkeeper

A **goalkeeper** is someone who protects a team's goal. There are goalkeepers in sports like football (soccer) and ice hockey, for example. The goalkeeper's mission is to prevent the opposing team from scoring a goal. Goalkeepers normally wear more protective gear than other players on the team but this is not always true.

## Football

A goalkeeper's kit (or _uniform_) consists of shin guards and gloves to protect his hands from the impact of the ball when he catches it.

Historically, however, until the 1960s goalkeepers would wear no hand protection.

Until the early 20th century, the goalkeeper would often wear the same coloured strip as his teammates, with the only different item of clothing being his cap. However, in 1909, the Scottish Football Association took steps to ensure the goalkeeper would wear a different colour from the outfield players. This was to show his different role, as the only player allowed to handle the ball.

## Ice hockey

The goalkeeper in ice hockey (a _Goalie_) uses thicker padding than the other players on the team. This is to prevent damage caused by being hit by the puck. The hockey stick of the goalie is much wider than the stick of other players. The bottom edge is also longer and flatter. The goalie has a very large leather glove on one hand. This glove has a large area to help catch the puck. Goalies normally wear masks that give protection to the entire face and head as well as the neck.

## Field hockey

In field hockey, the goalkeeper stands in the goal net, and stops the other team scoring. Goalkeepers need a lot of kit to protect them from the hockey balls that are hit at them. here is a list:

- Helmet - Protects the head and face
- Neck guard - Protects the neck
- Breastplate - Protects the body, and sometimes back
- Elbow pads - Protect the arms. Sometimes breastplate and elbow guards combine to form _all-in-one_
- Smock - An extra large shirt that covers the breastplate and elbow pads, or the all-in-one
- Gloves - Protect the hands. Right glove has a hole in it to hold the stick
- Box - Protects the groin
- Shorts - Protect the thighs and upper bottom
- Shin guards - Protect the lower legs
- Kickers - Protect the feet
- Stick - Acts as an extra reaching tool for dives

Goalkeepers are the only position in hockey allowed to kick the ball. If another player kicked the ball it would be a foul.

## Other websites

- The Museum of Goalkeeping  Charting goalkeeping throughout the history of football.
1580s

The **1580s** started on 1 January 1580 and ended on 31 December 1589.

It is distinct from the decade known as the ***159th decade*** which began on January 1, 1581 and ended on December 31, 1690.

## Events

- Khorasan Wars were fought between Abbas the Great and his father king Mohammed Khodabandeh in 1580
- The beginnings of the 'Golden Age' of Literature in England
- The Gregorian calendar is introduced in 1582.
- Sir Humphrey Gilbert claims Newfoundland as England's first overseas colony in 1583
- Francis Drake had come back from going around the world, bringing back with him many treasures.

## Deaths

- Mary, Queen of Scots (b. 1542)
1583

**1583** (MDLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday in the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday in the Julian calendar.  The Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar

## Events

- Newfoundland claimed by England.
- University of Edinburgh started.

## Births

- January 8 – Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (d. 1643)
- March 3 – Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (d. 1648)
- April 10 – Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (d. 1645)
- June 16 – Axel Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (d. 1654)
- June 20 – Jacob De la Gardie, Swedish soldier and statesman (d. 1652)
- July 2 – Dodo Knyphausen, German soldier (d. 1636)
- September – Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (d. 1643)
- September 24 – Albrecht von Wallenstein, Austrian general (d. 1634)
- November 24 – Juan Martínez de Jáuregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet (d. 1641)
- December 17 – Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey, English adventurer and soldier (d. 1642)
- December 25 – Orlando Gibbons, English composer (d. 1625)
- _date unknown_
    - Hendrick Jacobszoon Lucifer, Dutch pirate and buccaneer (d. 1627)
    - Johann Heinrich Alting, German divine (d. 1644)
    - John Beaumont, English poet (d. 1627)
    - Bonaventura Elzevir, Dutch printer (d. 1652)
    - Stanisław Lubomirski, Polish nobleman (d. 1649)
    - Philip Massinger, English dramatist (d. 1640)
    - Hayashi Razan, Japanese neo-Confucianist scholar (d. 1657)
- _probable_
    - Alexander Henderson, Scottish theologian (d. 1646)
    - Nzinga, warrior queen of Ndongo and Matamba (d. 1663)
    - Aurelian Townshend, English poet (d. 1643)

## Deaths

- March 18 – King Magnus of Livonia (b. 1540)
- April – Lucas David, Prussian historian (b. 1503)
- May 6 – Zacharias Ursinus, German theologian (b. 1534)
- June 6
    - Nakagawa Kiyohide, Japanese military commander (b. 1556)
    - Shibata Katsutoyo, Japanese military commander (b. 1556)
- June 9 – Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1525)
- June – Oda Nobutaka, Japanese samurai (b. 1558)
- July 1 – Sakuma Morimasa, Japanese samurai and warlord (beheaded)
- July 6 – Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1519)
- September 9 – Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer (born c. 1537)
- September 16 – Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John II of Sweden (b. 1526)
- November 11 – Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond, Irish rebel
- November 24 – René de Birague, French cardinal and chancellor (b. 1506)
- December 14 – Ivan Fyodorov, Russian printer
- December 31 – Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (b. 1524)
- _date unknown_
    - Shibata Katsuie, Japanese military commander (b. 1530)
    - Andrei Kurbskii, Russian writer (b. 1528)
1810

## Events

- January 10 – Marriage of Napoleon and Josephine is annulled
- January 20 – Tyrolean rebel leader Andreas Hofer executed
- March 11 – Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria
- April 19 – Venezuela achieves home rule: Emparan, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a Junta is installed.
- May 10 – Revolutionary occupation of Buenos Aires town hall.
- May 25 – Armed citizens of Buenos Aires expel the Viceroy from Spain and establish a provincial government for Argentina.
- June 8  – Birth of Robert Schumann, German composer.
- June 23 – John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company.
- July – Napoleon annexes the Kingdom of Holland.
- July 20 – Colombia declares independence from Spain.
- August 6 – City of Mompos in modern-day Colombia is declares independence from the Spanish Empire
- September 8 – The _Tonquin_ sets sail from New York Harbor with 33 employees of John Jacob Astor's newly created Pacific Fur Company on board. After a six-month journey around the tip of South America, the ship will arrive at the mouth of the Columbia River and Astor's men will establish fur-trading town of Astoria.
- September 16 – _Dieciséis de septiembre_, the Mexican War of Independence of the Republic of Mexico
- September 18 – Chile forms the National Junta, which is their first passage towards independence.
- September 26 – A new Act of Succession is adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates and Jean Baptiste Bernadotte becomes heir to the Swedish throne.
- October 12 – First Oktoberfest: The Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen.
- October 27 – United States annexes West Florida from Spain
- November 10 – the Berners Street Hoax – Theodore Hook manages to attract dozens of people to 53 Berners Street in London
- King George III of the United Kingdom recognized as insane
- Amadou Lobbo initiates his jihad in present-day Mali.
- Russia acquires Sokhumi through a treaty with Abkhazian dukes, and declares a protectorate over the whole of Abkhazia.
- Macon's Bill No. 2
- First steamboat on the Ohio River
1730s

The **1730s** was a decade that began on 1 January 1730 and ended on 31 December 1739. It is distinct from the decade known as the ***174th decade*** which began on January 1, 1731 and ended on December 31, 1740.

## Events

- The Great Awakening – A Protestant religious movement active in the British colonies of North America
- Octant invented (probably around 1730) independently by John Hadley in Great Britain and Thomas Godfrey in the American colonies

## World leaders

- Louis XV King of France (king from 1715 to 1774)
- Shahs of Persia (Safavid dynasty and Afsharid dynasty)
1. Tahmasp II, 1723–1732
1. Abbas III, 1732–1736
1. Nadir Shah, 1736–1747 (Began the Afsharid dynasty)
- George II King of Great Britain (king from 1727 to 1760)
- Philip V King of Spain (king from 1700 to 1746)
1730

**1730** (MDCCXXX) was a common year starting on Sunday in the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday in the Julian calendar.

## Events

- Pope Clement XII elected
- September 17 – Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed III (1703-1730) to Mahmud I (1730-1754)
- Anna Ivanova (Anna I of Russia) became czarina
1754

## Events

- June 19 – The Albany Convention of New England Colonies proposes an American Union
- July – Columbia University founded as King's College by royal charter of King George II of England.  The college was originally in Lower Manhattan.  Instruction was suspended in 1776 and the school would be reopened in 1784 as Columbia College.  With the college's growth in the 19th Century, it would be renamed Columbia University in 1896.
- Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Mahmud I (1730-1754) to Osman III (1754-1757)
- Beginning of the French and Indian War in North America.
- Britain and its colonies adopted a new Marriage Act that formulated many of the rules of modern marriage.

## Births

- September 9 – William Bligh, Captain of the Bounty, Governor of New South Wales (d. 1817)

nv:1751 – 1800
1600s

The **1600s** was the decade that began on 1 January 1600 and ended on 31 December 1609. It is distinct from the decade known as the ***161th decade*** which began on January 1, 1601 and ended on December 31, 1610

## Events

- November 5, 1605 – The Gunpowder Plot to blow up the British Parliament.
- 1607 – John Smith of Jamestown enters Virginia and meets the princess, Pocahontas.
- September 2, 1609 – Henry Hudson enters New York Bay.
- Galileo popularized the astronomical use of the telescope.
- Breast baring is a popular fashion amongst the women of England and the Netherlands.
1609

## Events

- September 2-Henry Hudson enters New York Bay
- Lake Champlain was named for the French explorer Samuel de Champlain.
1601

**1601** (MDCI) was a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday in the Julian calendar.  It was the 1st year of the 17th century.

## Events

- February 8 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, rebels against Queen Elizabeth I of England – his revolt is quickly crushed
- February 25 – Robert Devereux's head is chopped off as a punishment
- Jesuit Matteo Ricci arrives in China
- A bad harvest in Russia due to rainy summer
- Dutch troops chase Portuguese from Málaga
- Start of Siege of Kinsale, in Ireland – the siege started in the Autumn of 1601, and ended in the Battle of Kinsale on 3 January 1602 according to the Gregorian Calendar used today.  This calendar was already being used by the Irish and Spanish forces in the battle, but for the English side, who were still using the old Julian Calendar, the date of the battle was 24 December 1601.