juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lorenzo Music

**Lorenzo "Jerry" Music** was an American actor, voice actor, writer, producer and musician. He was born **Gerald David Music** on May 2, 1937, in Duluth, Minnesota.  He died in 2001.

Music was most famous as the voice of Carlton the Doorman in the television series _Rhoda_, and as the cartoon voice of Garfield the Cat.

### Film

|Year|Title|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1976|_Nickelodeon_|Mullins|||
|1978|_N - Nose_|Narrator (voice)|Animated short film||
|1980|_Oh Heavenly Dog_|Carlton|||

### Television

|Year|Title|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1968–1969|_The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour_|Regular Performer|||
|1974–1978|_Rhoda_|Carlton the Doorman|82 episodes||
|1980|_Carlton Your Doorman_|Carlton the Doorman (voice)|||
|1982|_Here Comes Garfield_|Garfield (voice)|Main-role||
|1983|_Twice Upon a Time_|Ralph, the All-Purpose Animal (voice)|||
|1983|_Garfield on the Town_|Garfield (voice)|Main-role||
|1983|_Pac-Man_|Super Pac (voice)|4 episodes||
|1984|_Garfield in the Rough_|Garfield (voice)|Main-role||
|1985|_Garfield in Disguise_|Garfield (voice)|Main-role||
|1985|_The GLO Friends Save Christmas_|Moose (voice)|TV movie||
|1985–1991|_Adventures of the Gummi Bears_|Tummi Gummi, Knight, Man, Additional voices (voice)|60 episodes||
|1986|_The Adventures of the American Rabbit_|Ping (voice)|||
|1986|_Garfield in Paradise_|Garfield (voice)|Main-role||
|1986|_Fluppy Dogs_|Ozzie (voice)|TV movie||
|1986–1987|_The Real Ghostbusters_|Peter Venkman (voice)|Main-role; 78 episodes||
|1987|_Garfield Goes Hollywood_|Garfield (voice)|Main-role||
|1987|_Pound Puppies_|Teensy (voice)|||
|1987|_The Jetsons_|Florist (voice)|||
|1987|_A Garfield Christmas Special_|Garfield (voice)|Main-role||
|1988–1994|_Garfield and Friends_|Garfield, Charlie, Devil Garfield (voice)|Main-role; 121 episodes||
|1988|_Fantastic Max_|Additional voices|||
|1988|_Garfield Has 9 Lives_|Garfield (voice)|Main-role||
|1989|_Garfield Babes and Bullets_|Garfield (voice)|Main-role||
|1989|_Garfield's Thanksgiving_|Garfield (voice)|Main-role||
|1990|_Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue_|Garfield (voice)|||
|1990|_Garfield's Feline Fantasies_|Garfield, Lance Sterling (voice)|Main-role||
|1990–1991|_Tail Spin_|Sgt. Dunder (voice)|6 episodes||
|1991|_Garfield Gets a Life_|Garfield (voice)|Main-role; TV-movie||
|1990–1991|_Darkwing Duck_|Spider, Mole (voice)|2 episodes||
|1996|_The Drew Carey Show_|Store Announcer|1 episode||
|1998|_Adventures in Odyssey_|Additional voices|Episode: "A Stranger Among Us"||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lorenzo Music
- **image**: Lorenzo and Henrietta Music.jpg
- **caption**: Music (left) with his wife Henrietta (right)
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York, United States
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, United States
- **birth name**: Gerald David Music
- **occupation**: Actor, voice actor, writer, producer, musician
- **other names**: L. Music
- **known for**: The voice of Garfield
- **notable works**: _Garfield and Friends_
_The Real Ghostbusters_
- **years active**: 1962–1998
- **spouse**: Henrietta Music
(m. ???–2001; his death)
- **children**: 4
French people

The term **French people** (, [the _French_]) refers the citizens of France.  There are about 100 million French people in the world.

## Citizenship

The term French people is used to describe a person who is a citizen of France. This is true no matter what their ethnicity. As long as they meet the requirements of French laws to be a citizen of France, they are a French person.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: French people
_Français_
- **population**: ***'

France: **67,413,000**

French diaspora and people of French ancestry: ***'

- **pop1**:
(including overseas departments)
- **pop2**: :-)(includes ancestry):-)
- **pop3**: :-) (includes ancestry)
- **pop4**: :-)(includes ancestry)
- **pop5**: :-) (includes ancestry)
- **pop6**: :-) (includes ancestry)
- **pop8**: 160,000 (French citizens)
- **pop23**: 33,368
- **languages**: Primarily French of France, French and
Languages of France, other Romance languages

Languages of France, Regional languages

- **religions**: Mainly Christianity (predominantly Catholic Church in France, Catholic
with Protestantism in France, Protestant and Eastern Orthodoxy in France, Eastern Orthodox minorities)
Islam in France, Islam and other religions

Irreligion in France, Irreligion
Baryonyx

***Baryonyx*** was a carnivorous theropod dinosaur discovered in clay pits just south of Dorking, England, and also in northern Spain. It has been dated to the Barremian stage of the Lower Cretaceous period, between 130 to 125 million years ago.

It was first discovered in 1983 by the amateur fossil hunter William Walker. A group of scientists lead by Alan Charig and Angela Milner of the Natural History Museum of London examined the skeleton and named the animal _Baryonyx_ (meaning 'heavy claw'), and the species name _walkeri_ after the man who discovered it. Other good skeletons were discovered in England and in Spain, which gave scientists a good idea of what the dinosaur was like.

_Baryonyx_ grew up to between  long and weighed 1.2 and 1.7 t (1.3 and 1.9 short tons), and 1.8 meters (6 feet) tall at head. It had long arms which were probably used for holding on to prey, the claw on the first finger was 31 centimeters (12 in) long. It ate mostly fish, like a grizzly bear would; for this it had a long snout like a gharial, and straight, cone-like teeth perfect for fishing. It had a triangle-shaped crest on the top of its skull.
CSU

**CSU** may mean:

- A propeller's constant speed unit which regulates engine speed by automatically changing pitch
Any of the following universities or university systems
- Colorado State University (US public land grant university in Fort Collins, Colorado in the United States
- Cagayan State University system (Philippines)
- California State University system (United States)
- Central South University, Hunan (China)
- Central State University, Ohio (United States)
- Charles Sturt University, (Australia)
- Cleveland State University, Ohio (United States)
- Columbus State University, Georgia, (United States)
- Connecticut State University system (United States)
- Charleston Southern University Charleston, South Carolina (United States)
- Chicago State University Chicago, Illinois (United States)
Or:

- Channel service unit, a WAN equivalent of a network interface card
- Christian Social Union of Bavaria (_Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern_), a political party in Bavaria, Germany
- Crime scene unit, in some police groups this refers to crime scene investigators who respond to a crime scene
- C Start Up, in computing, the initial start up code for compiled C (and C-based languages). See also CRT for C Run-Time.
- ČSÚ (Český statistický úřad), Czech Statistical Officehttp://www.czso.cz/eng/redakce.nsf/i/home
- CSU is the ICAO airline designator for Chari Aviation Services, Chad
- CSU is the IATA airport code for Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Colorado State University

**Colorado State University** is a public land grant university in Fort Collins, Colorado in the United States. Colorado State University is the main university of Colorado State University System. The  enrollment is approximately 33,877 students, including resident and non-resident instruction students. The university has about 1,400 faculty in eight colleges and 55 academic departments.
Heat capacity

**Heat capacity** is a measure of how much materials can store up heat as they change temperature.

Materials with high heat capacities require a lot of heat to be stored up before a small change.  Materials with low heat capacities require very little heat to be stored up before a large change.

Specific heat is based on temperature (for molecules) and will often be denoted as Cp(T) in thermochemical calculations. The dependence on temperature comes from the fact that at low energies some modes of molecular movement may not be available to the molecule until the energy rises, an example being: H2 molecules acting monatomic until energy rises to allow to light hydrogen atoms to hold energy through rotational modes. Because of this, monatomic particles such as He have a constant specific heat (ignoring intermolecular/quantum effects) due to the only energy storage means being translation in X, Y, and Z.

The heat capacity of one gram (or some other unit of mass) of a material is called the **specific heat capacity** of the material, so that the heat capacity of something is its mass times its specific heat capacity.

Specific heat capacities are often listed in tables, like this one: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/sphtt.html#c1
Pope John I

**Pope John I** (; circa 469-18 May 526) was the leader, pope of the early Christian community.
Pope John the first, was born in Populonia, Tuscany Italy. He was the son of emperor Constantius.http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08421a.htm
He became the pope on Mary's Day, on 13 August 523.
It's not certain if he died directly from thirst and starvation but his imprisonment and bad inhumane treatment certainly contributed to his demise. The Pope died at 11:22PM on 18 May, 526. His name means God is gracious; the gift of God.

He ended the Acacian Schism (484–519), thus after 25 years, bringing important reunification of the Eastern and Western churches into one, by restoring peace between the papacy and the Byzantine emperor Justin I. Pope also set the rules for the Alexandrian calendar computation of the date of Easter, which was eventually accepted throughout the West.

Pope John the First's official day used to be on 26 May, but only for a short time, then it was moved to 27 May. His holy day was moved again at the end of the 20th century to the more appropriate day, his birthday.
His motto was: "Unity is the Key"!

## Related pages

- List of popes

## Other websites

Pope John I, the Martyr

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: pope
- **name**: John I
- **image**: Papa Ioannes I.jpg
- **motto**: Unity is the Key
- **term start**: 13 August 523
- **term end**: 18 May 526
- **birth date**: 469
- **death date**: 18 May 526
- **predecessor**: Pope St. Hormisdas
- **successor**: Pope St. Felix IV
- **other**: John
Limonite

**Limonite** is a mineral, from which trace amounts of iron can be extracted.
Hokkaidō

, also known as **Ezo** and **Yezo**, is a volcanic island in Japan. It is the northernmost of Japan's four main islands.

Hokkaidō Prefecture covers the entire island.

About 5,224,614 people live on the island. It is north of Honshu. Hokkaidō is the second largest Japanese island. It has a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb in the Köppen climate classification) with cold snowy winters and warm to hot summers.

Agriculture is an important part of the island's economy.

## Regions

Hokkaidō region is one of Japan's traditional geographic regions.

The region covers the entire island. The island and the region have been called Hokkaidō since 1869.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Bad Godesberg

|colspan="2"|Coat of Arms|
| --- | --- |
|colspan="2" align="center"||
|area:|31,97 km²|
|people:|70525 <small>(2004)</small>|
|official website:|Stadtbezirke Bad Godesberg|
|Mayor:|Annette Schwolen-Flümann, CDU|

**Bad Godesberg** is a district of the city of Bonn in southern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. From 1949 till 1999 Bonn was the capital of West Germany, and the majority of foreign embassies to Germany were in Bad Godesberg. Some buildings are still used as embassy branch offices or consulates.

## History

- 722 First official record of the town, which is near a mountain (Godesberg) held holy to the god Wotan by the Ubii, a Germanic tribe.
- 1210 15 October: Archbishop of Cologne Dietrich I lays foundation stone of the Godesburg.
- 1583 17 December: Godesburg destroyed after Archbishop Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg-Zeil hid there following his conversion to Protestantism.
- 1792 Godesberg becomes a spa resort (_bad_ in German)
- 1925 Godesberg is allowed to call itself "Bad Godesberg".
- 1935 Bad Godesberg becomes a town
- 1959 The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) decides on a new party program, the Godesberg Program
- 1969 Incorporated into the city of Bonn. Since that time, called "posh-part of Bonn".

## Twin towns

The town is twinned with
- Saint-Cloud in France (since 1957)
- Frascati in Italy (since 1960)
- Windsor and Maidenhead in the United Kingdom (since 1960)
- Kortrijk in Belgium (since 1964).

## Trivia

- John le Carré's novel _The Little Drummer Girl_ begins with the bombing of the house of an Israeli diplomat in Bad Godesberg.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Bad Godesberg section of Bonn city website
- Bad Godesberg webcam portal
- Information for a popular stop/start along the KD Rhine Cruise
Consulate

A **consulate** is a small diplomatic office of one country in another country. If the first country has an ambassador in the other country, the main diplomatic office, located in the capital city is called an Embassy and in this situation, any consulates would be located in other large towns and cities. However if there is no embassy, the consulate could be in the capital city. Consulates usually do not perform all of the functions of an embassy.

Consulates usually deal with questions about passports for their own citizens, visas for foreigners wanting to visit the consulate's home country and licences for import and export.

Some larger and more important countries might also have Consulates General.  These are simply bigger consulates which might do more than a smaller consulate.

People who work in any sort of consulates are called consular officers.  The person in charge is called a consul, or consul general.  An honorary consul does not work full-time for the government.  They are usually in port towns, to speed up issuing documents for trade.  An honorary consul might be a citizen of the country they work for, have another link such as parents or grandparents, or they may have married someone from there.  They usually work in an office, which is considered an honorary consulate.

Consular officers have limited diplomatic immunity.
Diplomatic immunity

**Diplomatic immunity** is a special law that covers people who work in embassies or consulates. The people are called diplomats. The **diplomatic immunity** means that although they live and work as a visitor inside a "host country", they are not ruled by the law of that country. They are only ruled by the law of their home country.

A diplomat can work without interference from the police and government of the country where he/she works.  Diplomatic immunity means that a diplomat can keep the secrets of his own country's government, without the government of the host country being able to find out about them.

Police from the host country cannot arrest a diplomat, or search a diplomat's house or office. They cannot even give a diplomat's car a parking ticket without the permission of the diplomat's government.

Honorary consuls only work part-time as diplomats, so only have diplomatic immunity when working as diplomats.  Police may search their offices, but not the part where they keep their diplomatic work.
The Illusionist

***The Illusionist*** is an Academy Award-nominated period drama written and directed by Neil Burger and featuring Edward Norton, Jessica Biel, and Paul Giamatti. _The Illusionist_ tells about the story of Eisenheim (Norton), a magician in turn-of-the-20th-century Vienna.

## Cast

<div style="clear: left"></div>
|Actor|Role|
| --- | --- |
|Edward Norton|Edward Abramovich aka Eisenheim|
|Paul Giamatti|Chief Inspector Walter Uhl|
|Jessica Biel|Duchess Sophie von Teschen|
|Rufus Sewell|Crown Prince Leopold|
|Eddie Marsan|Josef Fischer|
|Jake Wood|Jurka|
|Eleanor Tomlinson|young Sophie|

## Other websites

- Official site
- Official trailer (direct link)
- Exclusive 3 minutes Video Clip
- Variety.com - Video clips from _The Illusionist_
- Hollywood Reporter - James Greenberg's Review of _The Illusionist_
- Hollywood Gothique Review
- The Prague Post review by Steffen Silvis
- _Film Threat_ interview with director Neil Burger
- Twitch interview with Burger
- Robert Houdin's Fantastic Orange Tree automaton illusion
BI-LO

**BI-LO** is the name of several different supermarket chains around the world:

- BI-LO (Australia)
- BI-LO (United States)

**Bilo** is also
- The brother of Sacha Baron Cohen's character Borat.
- The nickname of musician Pete Doherty.
- The nickname of Evgeni Nabokov
Flag of convenience

**Flag of convenience** is a word from shipping. Every ship needs to be registered in a port. The laws of the port are valid for the ship's crew. In some countries the rules are not as strict as in others, or they are cheaper to use. Many owners of ships from other countries register their ships in one of those easy or cheap countries. The ship might never even come anywhere near that country, but it must fly the flag of the country where it was registered. This is then called a flag of convenience. Among the most popular flags are Panama, Marshall Islands and Liberia.
Pizza Pizza

**Pizza Pizza Limited** (**PPL**), doing business as **Pizza Pizza** (), is a franchised Canadian pizza fast food restaurant. It has locations throughout Ontario, Canada. Ingredients include pepperoni, pineapples, mushrooms, and other non-exotic produce. Pizza Pizza has served the area for over 30 years. It has over 500 locations around Ontario. It is expanding across the nation. They have recently opened shops in Montreal and British Columbia.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: Pizza Pizza Limited
- **company type**: Private, with publicly-traded royalty income fund
- **genre**: QSR
- **foundation**: 1967
- **founder**: Michael Overs
- **location city**: 500 Kipling Avenue, Toronto, Ontario
- **location country**: Canada
- **key people**: Paul Goddard (CEO)
- **industry**: Fast food restaurants
- **products**: Pizza, Pasta, Buffalo wing, Wings, other fast food
- **homepage**: [http://www.pizzapizza.ca/ www.pizzapizza.ca]
Dipole

**Dipole** can mean two things in physics. The first is an _electric dipole_ which separates the positive charge from the negative charge. A simple example of this dipole is a pair of electric charges with the same magnitude but with the opposite type of charge (positive and negative) and are separated by a small distance from each other. The second is a _magnetic dipole_, a closed circulation of electric current. A simple example is a single loop of wire with electric current flowing through it.

An important characteristic of dipoles is their dipole moment, which is a vector quantity with both a magnitude and direction. An example of an electric dipole moment occurring is in a pair of electric charges with opposite signs. The dipole moment would point from the negative charge towards the positive charge. The magnitude of the moment is equal to the strength of each charge multiplied by the distance separating between the charges. An example of a magnetic dipole moment occurring is in a wire loop with flowing current. The magnetic dipole moment would point through the loop (according to the right hand rule), with a magnitude equal to the current in the loop times the area of the loop.

A bar magnet is an example of a magnetic dipole, with a magnetic dipole moment moving from its south pole to its north pole.

## Related pages

- Electric field
- Magnetic field
AFI (band)

**AFI** (short for **A Fire Inside**), is an American alternative rock band from Ukiah, California that formed in 1991.

### Current

- Davey Havok - vocals (1991-present)
- Jade Puget - guitar, backing vocals, programming, keyboard (1998-present)
- Hunter Burgan - bass, backing vocals, programming, keyboard (1997-present)
- Adam Carson - drums, backing vocals (1991-present)

### Former

- Mark Stopholese - guitar, backing vocals (1991-1998)
- Geoff Kresge - bass, backing vocals (1992-1997)
- Vic Chalker - bass(1991-1992)

## Studio albums

- _Answer That and Stay Fashionable_ (1995) <small>(re-released in 1997)</small>
- _Very Proud of Ya_ (1996)
- _Shut Your Mouth and Open Your Eyes_ (1997)
- _Black Sails in the Sunset_ (1999)
- _The Art of Drowning_ (2000)
- _Sing the Sorrow_ (2003)
- _Decemberunderground_ (2006)
- _Crash Love_ (2009)
- _Burials_ (2013)
- _AFI_ (2017)
- _Bodies_ (2021)

## Related pages

- Blaqk Audio

## Other websites

- AFI Series
- AFI's official site
- AFI's official myspace
- AFI official fanclub
- AFI Biography and Lyrics
- Blaqk Audio official site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: AFI
- **img**: AFI Birmingham 2010.JPG
- **img capt**: The members of AFI performing live. Clockwise from left: Davey Havok, Hunter Burgan, Jade Puget, Adam Carson.
- **img size**: 240
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Ukiah, California, Ukiah, California, United States
- **genre**: Alternative rock, punk rock, emo, , horror punk, hardcore punk (early)
- **years active**: 1991–present
- **label**: Interscope Records, Interscope, DreamWorks, Nitro Records, Nitro, Adeline Records, Adeline, Wingnut, Key Lime Pie Records, Key Lime Pie
- **associated acts**: Blaqk Audio, Loose Change (band), Loose Change, Son of Sam (band), Son of Sam, The Frisk, Tiger Army, Hunter Revenge, Redemption 87, Heckle, The Force (band), The Force, The Reckless Kind
- **current members**: Davey Havok
 Adam Carson
 Hunter Burgan
 Jade Puget
- **past members**: Mark Stopholese
 Geoff Kresge
 Vic Chalker
Scientific notation

**Scientific notation** is a way of writing numbers that is often used by scientists and mathematicians to make it easier to write large and small numbers. A number that is written in scientific notation has several properties that make it very useful to local scientists. It makes very large numbers into smaller numbers using decimals and exponents.

## Variations

The basic idea of scientific notation is to express zeros as a power of ten. The notation for this can be written as :

where _b_ is an integer, or "whole" number, that describes the number of times 10 is multiplied by itself and the letter _a_ any real number, called the significand or mantissa (_using "mantissa" may cause confusion as it can also refer to the fractional part of the common logarithm_).

### Normalized notation

Written in the form , exponent _b_ is chosen such that the absolute value of _a_ remains at least one but less than ten . Normal mathematics convention dictates a minus sign to precede the first of the decimal digits of _a_ for a negative number; that of _b_ for a number with absolute value between 0 and 1, e.g. minus one half is . There is no need to represent zero in normalized form, the digit 0 is sufficient. The normalized form allows easy comparison of two numbers of the same sign in _a_, as the exponent _b_ gives the number's order of magnitude.

## Other websites

- Scientific Notation in Everyday Life
- An exercise in converting to and from scientific notation
- Scientific Notation Calculator and Converter
Buck the World

***Buck the World*** is the second studio album by American rapper Young Buck. It was released on March 27, 2007. Its title is a play on the expression "Fuck the World".

Production included Dr. Dre, Jazze Pha, J.U.S.T.I.C.E. League, Polow Da Don, and Lil Jon among others. Guest appearances included 50 Cent, Chester Bennington (from Linkin Park), Young Jeezy, Bun B, Trick Daddy, and Lyfe Jennings among others.

The first single was "I Know You Want Me" produced by Jazze Pha, who also made a guest appearance on the track. The second single was "Get Buck", produced by Polow Da Don. The third single, "U Ain't Goin' Nowhere", was released on May 18, 2007.

The song 'Push Em Back' was featured in the movie Drillbit Taylor during the first day of school scene.

## Track listing

- All lyrics by Young Buck, music compositions are listed below.

- Leftovers
- "Do It Myself"
- "Dead or Alive"
- "Sellin' Everything" (featuring B.G.)
- "Gone In the Morning" (featuring Trey Songz)

- Sample credits
- "Buss Yo' Head" - Contains a sample of "My Hero Is a Gun" by Michael Masser
- "4 Kings" - Contains a sample of "Havin' Thangs" by Big Mike

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Buck the World
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Young Buck
- **recorded**: 2006–2007
- **length**: 73:45
- **prev title**: T.I.P. (album), T.I.P.
- **prev year**: 2005
- **next title**: They Don't Bother Me
- **next year**: 2007
Samaveda

The **Samaveda** is one of the four Vedas in Hinduism. It is known as the Veda of melodies and chants. “Sama” means song, and “Veda” means knowledge. It has 1,875 verses; almost 75 verses have been taken from another Veda called the Rigveda. The oldest parts are very ancient, dating back to around 1200 to 1000 BCE. It has different layers, including hymns (Samhita), explanations (Brahmana), and philosophical texts (Upanishads). It has important texts like the Chandogya Upanishad and Kena Upanishad, which influenced Hindu philosophy. It laid the foundation for Indian music.

## Dating and historical context

Michael Witzel says we can’t know the exact dates for the Samaveda and other Vedic texts. He assumes that Samaveda was composed after Rigveda-from approximately 1200 to 1000 BCE-but at the same time as Atharvaveda and Yajurveda. There had been about twelve varieties of Samavedic chanting. Of the three versions we still have, the Jaiminiya version is the oldest.

## Contents

The Samaveda Samhita is not to be 'read' like other texts; it is more of a musical score to be 'heard'. According to Staal, the melodies existed before the verses in ancient India. The words of the Rigveda were then fitted into these melodies.  Some early words fit well, while later words don’t fit as smoothly.  The text uses creative structures called Stobha to make the words fit better into the music. At times, the addition of meaningless sounds, much like those in a lullaby, serves to help in this respect. This shows that the Samaveda is a mix of music, sounds, meaning, and spirituality, and it wasn’t created all at once.

For example, the first song of the Samaveda shows how Rigvedic verses were turned into a melodic chant:

The veena (a musical instrument) is mentioned in the Samaveda. A number of songs were derived by various sages from a basic mantra known as Yonimantra. One example is Gautama’s Parka, mentioned by Dr. Damodar Satwalekar in his book on the Samaveda.

## Infobox (religious text)

- **religion**: Historical Vedic religion
Hinduism
- **image**:
- **language**: Vedic Sanskrit
- **period**: Vedic period (Wiktionary:circa, c. 1200-900 BCE)
- **verses**: 1,875 mantras
- **chapters**: 6 adhyayas
- **alt**: Four Vedas
- **caption**: Four Vedas
- **background**: #E3E30C
Peridot

**Peridot** (pronounced "perry-dot") is the gem quality version of the mineral olivine. The name of the gemstone is believed to come from either the Arabic word _faridat_ meaning "gem" or the French word _peritot_ meaning "unclear." Peridot is one of the few gemstones that comes in only one color. The darkness of the green depends on how much iron there is. The color varies from yellow-green to olive to brownish green. Olivine is a very common mineral, but gem-quality peridot is rather rare. Peridot is the birthstone for the month of August.Peridot is believed to bring good health,restful sleep and peace to relations by balancing emotions and mind.
Archivist

An **archivist** is a professional who  collects, organizes, preserves, maintains control over, and provides access to information determined to have long-term value.  The information maintained by an archivist can be any form of media (photographs, video or sound recordings, letters, documents, electronic records, etc.).

As Richard Pearce-Moses wrote,
_"Archivists keep records that have enduring value as reliable memories of the past, and they help people find and understand the information they need in those records."_

Determining what records have enduring value is not always easy.  Archivists must also select records valuable enough to justify the costs of storage and preservation, plus the labor-intensive expenses of arrangement, description,  and reference service.  The theory and scholarly work underpinning archives practices is called archival science.

## Related pages

- Archive
- Librarian
- Manuscript
- Preservation

## Other websites

- Archives and Records Association of New Zealand
- Society of American Archivists
- Directory of Regional, State and Local Archival Organizations in the United States
- Association of Canadian Archivists
- Society of Archivists (UK and Ireland)
- Australian Society of Archivists
- Česká archivní společnost / Czech Archive Society (In English)
- International Council on Archives
- The Archivist's Toolkit an online tool for archivists
Roman Herzog

**Roman Herzog** (5 April 1934 – 10 January 2017) was a German politician (CDU). He was President of Germany from 1994 to 1999.

## Early life

He studied law in Munich, Bavaria and took the first stage law exam in 1957. In 1958, he gained the title Dr.jur. (doctor of laws) and worked in the University of Munich until 1964, where he passed his second law exam. He wrote _Die Wesensmerkmale der Staatsorganisation in rechtlicher und entwicklungsgeschichtlicher Sicht_ ("Characteristics of State Organization from a Juristic and Developmental-Historical Viewpoint"), and was given the title of professor in 1964.

In Germany "professor" is a title meaning senior teacher, not a job name. Herzog taught at the University of Munich until 1966. From 1966 he taught state law and political science as a full professor at the Free University of Berlin (FUB). In 1969 he moved to the FUB in Speyer, and was the University President from 1971 to 1972.

## Political career

In 1973 he entered politics, and became a member of the Bundesrat for Rhineland-Palatinate. He was minister for culture and sports in the Baden-Württemberg Land Government from 1978. In 1980 he was elected to the State Parliament (_Landtag_), and took over the state Ministry of the Interior.

Herzog was also always active in the Protestant Church. Since 1982 he had been a member of the synod (parliament) of the Protestant Church of Germany. He had been a member of the Evangelical Church in Germany since 1972.

In 1983 he became vice president of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany in Karlsruhe, and president over from 1987 to 1994, when he was elected President of Germany by the Bundesversammlung (_Federal Convention_). His term ended in 1999, when he was succeeded by Johannes Rau.

## Personal life

His wife, Christiane Herzog, died on 19 June 2000. He later married Alexandra Freifrau von Berlichingen in 2001.

Herzog died at 82 years old on 10 January 2017 in Jagsthausen, Germany.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Roman Herzog
- **nationality**: German
- **image**: Roman Herzog.jpg
- **office**: President of Germany
- **term start**: 1 July 1994
- **term end**: 30 June 1999
- **chancellor**: Helmut Kohl
Gerhard Schröder
- **predecessor**: Richard von Weizsäcker
- **successor**: Johannes Rau
- **office2**: President of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany
- **term start2**: 16 November 1987
- **term end2**: 30 June 1994
- **predecessor2**: Wolfgang Zeidler
- **successor2**: Jutta Limbach
- **birth place**: Landshut, Nazi Germany, Germany
- **death place**: Bad Mergentheim, Germany
- **spouse**: (her death)
 (his death)
- **party**: CDU
Arshile Gorky

**Arshile Gorky** (; born **Vostanik Manoug Adoian**, ; April 15, 1904 – July 21, 1948) was an Armenian-born American painter.

Gorky had a seminal influence on Abstract Expressionism and Surrealism. Gorky was born in the village of Khorgom, situated on the shores of Lake Van (Vana Lij). It is not known exactly when he was born: it was sometime between 1903 and 1905.In later years Arshile Gorky was vague about even the date of his birth, changing it from year to year. In 1910 his father emigrated to America to avoid the draft, leaving his family behind in the town of Van (Armenia).
Schizanthus

**Schizanthus** (**butterfly flower**) is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family _Solanaceae_. The genus is made up of twelve species: _Schizanthus alpestris_, _Schizanthus candidus_, _Schizanthus grahamii_, _Schizanthus hookerii_, _Schizanthus integrifolius_, _Schizanthus lacteus_, _Schizanthus laetus_, _Schizanthus litoralis_, _Schizanthus parvulus_, _Schizanthus pinnatus_, _Schizanthus porrigens_ and _Schizanthus tricolor_.
Hadith

A **hadith** (, pronounced: "") is a saying attributed to Muhammad, the prophet of Islam. In English, the word hadith is also used as the plural word for a group of these narrations, although the plural in Arabic is _a-HAA-deeth_.

For most self-identified Muslims, hadiths are used along with the Qur'an to interpret Sharia (Islamic law). Sunnis follow the Kutub al-Sittah; Shias follow the Kutub al-Arba'a; Ibadis follow Tartib al-Musnad. Hadiths attributed to Abu Hurairah are the most common hadiths in Sunnism. Unlike the Qur'an, hadiths are not universally accepted by Muslims; some Muslims claim that most hadiths are fabrications (pseudepigrapha) created in the 8th and 9th century AD, and which are falsely attributed to Muhammad.

## Meaning

The word _hadith_ means something new or a piece of information. The religious meaning of  _hadith_ is a statement, action or approval attributed to the prophet of Islam, Muhammad. Therefore, hadith can be divided into three categories based upon their content:
1. An attributed statement of the Prophet
1. An attributed action of the Prophet
1. An attribution of the Prophet’s approval of an action done by other than him

## History

After Prophet Muhammad died, Muslim scholars wrote down stories about what he had said and done. They also wrote down facts about who told each story. Some of the stories were retold many times before they were written down, and some stories did not agree in every detail resulting in the detailed study of hadith by scholars to compare between those hadith.

Muslim scholars collected all of these Hadith in books and compared them to each other. They decided which Hadith were most likely to be true records of the Sunnah, that is, the words and actions of Muhammad. Muslims see the Sunnah as an important source of guidance, along with the Qur'an. Islam is the complete religion so nothing could be changed about it. It gives a complete code of life.

Historically, not all Muslims believed in the hadiths. For example, Mu'tazilites rejected the hadiths as the basis for Islamic law, while at the same time accepting the Sunnah and ijma. For Mu'tazilites, the basic argument for rejecting the hadiths was that "since its essence is transmission by individuals, [it] cannot be a sure avenue of our  knowledge about the Prophetic teaching unlike the Qur’an about whose transmission there is a universal unanimity among Muslims". Further, those who claim to obey the Qur'an alone while rejecting external sources such as the hadiths and the previous revelations are known as "Qur'anists".

## Related pages

- Quranism
- Criticism of hadith
Fengyuan District

**Fengyuan District** is a district in north-central Taichung in Taiwan on the south bank of the Dajia River.
Billy Cox

**Billy Cox** is a bassist, best known for playing with guitarist Jimi Hendrix. He was born in West Virginia.

Billy first met Hendrix in the early part of the 1960s, when they were both in the United States Army. Cox played with Hendrix in an R&B band called the King Kasuals. The two played at clubs in Nashville, Tennessee. While in England, Hendrix asked Cox to join him in a new band; Cox said no. The spot instead went to Noel Redding.

They met again in 1969, when Hendrix asked on Cox to play bass in the experimental band "Band of Gypsys".

Billy Cox also played at Woodstock.

In 1971 Cox released his album _Nitro Function_.

## Other websites

- Billy Cox
- Biography
Clarksville

**Clarksville** is the name of several places in the United States of America:
- Clarksville, Alabama
- Clarksville, Arkansas
- Clarksville, California
- Clarksville, Delaware
- Clarksville, Florida
- Clarksville, Idaho
- Clarksville, Illinois
- Clarksville, Indiana
- Clarksville, Iowa
- Clarksville, Maryland
- Clarksville, Michigan
- Clarksville, Missouri
- Clarksville, New Hampshire
- Clarksville, New Jersey
- Clarksville, Albany County, New York
- Clarksville, Allegany County, New York
- Clarksville, Ohio
- Clarksville, Oklahoma
- Clarksville, Oregon
- Clarksville, Pennsylvania
- Clarksville, Tennessee (best-known city with this name)
- Clarksville, Texas
- Clarksville, Virginia
One of the places known as Clarksville is in New Zealand
- Clarksville, New Zealand
Clarksville, New Zealand

- _The city in the state of Tennessee is at Clarksville, Tennessee_

**Clarksville** is a small township. It is located three kilometres southwest of Milton in the Otago region of the South Island of New Zealand.  State Highways 1 and 8 meet in Clarksville.  The town was also once the location of a railway junction, where the Roxburgh Branch left the Main South Line.  Construction of this branch line began in the 1870s and Clarksville acted as the junction until 1907, when an extension of the branch was built alongside the Main South Line into Milton to improve operations.  This led to Milton being the junction until 1960, when the extension was removed and Clarksville regained its status as a junction until the branch was entirely closed in 1968.

## Infobox (mapframe)

- **zoom**: 9


## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Clarksville
- **seat type**: New Zealand electorates, Electorate
- **timezone dst**: NZDT
- **utc offset**: +12
- **timezone**: Time in New Zealand, NZST
- **subdivision name**: New Zealand
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **area code**: 03
- **postal code**: 9292
- **postal code type**: Postcode
- **seat**: Taieri (New Zealand electorate), Taieri
- **subdivision name2**: Clutha District
- **settlement type**: Hamlet
- **subdivision name1**: Otago
- **subdivision type2**: Territorial authorities of New Zealand, Territorial authority
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of New Zealand, Region
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **elevation m**: 15
- **population total**: 174
- **image caption**: Clarksville Junction before 1907
- **image skyline**: Clarksville Junction for line to Lawrence.jpg
- **utc offset dst**: +13
- **blank name**: Local iwi
- **blank info**: Ngāi Tahu
The Animals

**The Animals** were an English music group, who were most popular in the 1960s. They were known for their bluesy sound, and their heavy-voiced singer Eric Burdon.

One of their first hit songs, "The House of The Rising Sun", was an old American folk song, which they performed with a rock and roll beat. Folk musician Bob Dylan was impressed by the Animals version of the song.

Other Animals hits included "We Gotta Get Out Of This Place", "Don't Bring Me Down", "It's My Life", "See See Rider", "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood", and "I'm Crying". The original Animals disbanded, and Burdon moved to the United States in 1967, where he formed a new version of the band. They made more records, like "San Franciscan Nights", "Sky Pilot", "When I Was Young", "Paint it Black", "River Deep Mountain High", "Gratefully Dead" and "Monterey".

The original Animals reunited in later years, to perform concerts, and Burdon performed Animals songs with other bands. Bass guitarist Chas Chandler became a music producer, with artists like Jimi Hendrix and Slade.

Keyboardist Alan Price left the band in early 1965 and went on an successful solo career in Europe. Guitar player Hilton Valentine and drummer John Steel left the music business for many years until they reunited. John Weider, guitar and violin player of the second Animals went on an solo career and was a member of the rock band Family. Guitar player of the second Animals Vic Briggs became Antion Vikram Singh and released a few solo records including Hawaiian music. Lead singer Eric Burdon went on with the funk rock band War, formed the hard rock/heavy metal group The Eric Burdon Band and went on an solo career with many ups and downs.

## Studio albums

- The Animals (1964)
- The Animals on Tour (1965)
- Animal Tracks (1965)
- Animalisms (1966)
- Animalism (1966)
- Eric Is Here (1967)
- Winds of Change (1967)
- The Twain Shall Meet (1968)
- Every One of Us (1968)
- Love Is (1968)
- Before We Were So Rudely Interrupted (1977)
- Ark (1983)

## Other websites

- The Animals Official Homepage
- An Animals discography from Music City
- The Animals at Rollingstone

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Animals
- **image**: Eric Burdon & the Animals.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: The Animals in 1964: from left to right, Eric Burdon (vocals), Alan Price (keyboards), Chas Chandler (bass), Hilton Valentine (guitar), John Steel (drummer), John Steel (drums)
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: Eric Burdon and the New Animals
- **origin**: Newcastle upon Tyne, England
- **genre**: Rhythm and blues, Blues rock, Rock music, Rock, Psychedelic rock, Progressive rock, Punk rock, R&B, Rock and roll
- **years active**: 1963–1969, 1975-1976, 1983
- **label**: Columbia Graphophone, Decca Records, Decca, MGM Records, MGM
- **past members**: Eric Burdon
Alan Price
Chas Chandler<small> (deceased)</small>
Hilton Valentine <small>(deceased)</small>
 John Steel (drummer), John Steel
Dave Rowberry<small> (deceased)</small>
Barry Jenkins
and more
Autograph

An **autograph** is some writing written only in the handwriting of its author; it is _not_ typing.

An autograph can also mean someones signature. This term is used for collecting autographs of celebrities. The collection of autographs is called 'philography'.

## Other websites

- Worlds Greatest Autograph
Stevie Ray Vaughan

**Stephen "Stevie" Ray Vaughan** (October 3, 1954 – August 27, 1990) was an American blues guitarist. He was born and raised in Dallas, Texas. He was one of the world's most influential electric blues guitarists of the 1980s. His most basic guitar licks were influenced by Albert King. In one on stage performance the temperamental musician stated that Stevie Ray Vaughan was of his own blood line. Early breakouts include Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble's Texas Flood album including their Hits, Texas Flood, and their upbeat version of Pride and Joy. He died in a helicopter crash in East Troy, Wisconsin. In 2003, _Rolling Stone_ magazine ranked Stevie Ray Vaughan #7 in their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. He died in August 27th 1990, from a helicopter crash. In 2015 he and his group Double Trouble were elected into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

## Other websites

- Sony Music website
- Stevie Ray Vaughan fan club
- Stevie Ray Vaughan Russian Fan Site
- 1985 Stevie Ray Vaughan interview on _Modern Guitars_ magazine
Didsbury

**Didsbury** is an area of Manchester 5-6 miles south of the city centre. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 14,292.

## Other websites

- Fetch Didsbury  — resources, events and articles educating people about Didsbury.
- Didsbury Life Web Site — articles of interest to those living in or visiting Didsbury.
- Official Didsbury statistics from 2001 Census
Burnage

**Burnage** is a suburb of the City of Manchester in North West England. It lies about four miles (6.4 km) south of Manchester city centre. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 13,706.

## Other websites

- 2002: Burnage
- ManchesterOnline Spotlight On Burnage Site
- British History Online: Burnage
- Burnage High School
- The Barlow School
- 2001 Census results for Burnage
Longsight

**Longsight** is an area, and a ward, in the City of Manchester, in North West England. It is around three miles south of Manchester city centre, and has a total population of 16,007 (according to the 2001 UK census).

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **map type**: Greater Manchester
- **official name**: Longsight
- **population**: 16,007
- **population ref**: (United Kingdom Census 2001, 2001 Census)
- **metropolitan borough**: Manchester, City of Manchester
- **metropolitan county**: Greater Manchester
- **region**: North West England
- **constituency westminster**: Manchester Gorton (UK Parliament constituency), Manchester Gorton
- **post town**: Manchester
- **postcode area**: M
- **postcode district**: M13, M12
- **dial code**: 0161
- **os grid reference**: SJ865965
Levenshulme

**Levenshulme** is an urban area of Manchester in North West England on the borders of Longsight, Gorton, Burnage and Stockport. According to the 2001 UK census it had a population of 12,691.
Gorton

**Gorton** is a district of Manchester in England. It is east of Manchester city centre. Neighbouring areas include Longsight and Levenshulme. According to the 2001 UK census, 24,173 lived there. Gorton is split into two wards, Gorton North and Gorton South. The building known as Gorton Monastery is a former Roman Catholic church which has been repaired after a period of neglect and is used for other purposes.
Stockport

**Stockport** is a large town in Greater Manchester,  North West England. Seven miles (10 km) south east of the city of Manchester, it is the largest settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport in Greater Manchester, and has a population of 136,083 (2001 Census), with the borough as a whole having 281,000. This makes the borough 23rd most populated district in England.

The River Mersey begins in Stockport, at the meeting point of the Rivers Goyt and River Tame.  Until 1974 the area was part of  Cheshire.

## Geography and administration

The town lies in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport which is in Greater Manchester.

## Twin Cities

The town of Stockport is twinned with the following towns:

- - Heilbronn, Germany. since 1999
- - Beziers, France, since 1972
- - Paisley, Scotland, since 2006
Paisley is not officially twinned with Stockport but the entry is probably a mark of friendship.

## People from Stockport

- Phil Foden (born 2000), footballplayer

## Other websites

- Stockport Council
- HatWorks Museum
- Stockport County Football Club
- Stockport Rugby Union Football Club
- The Stockport Express
- The National Library for the Blind
- National Trust
- Stockport Harriers and Athletics Club
- Stockport Grammar School - an independent school near Manchester, England
- Stockport College
- Merseyway Shopping Centre
Withington

**Withington** is a district of the city of Manchester, in North West England. It is about four miles south of Manchester city centre, and intersected by the busy thoroughfare of Wilmslow Road. It is between Fallowfield and Didsbury, to the north and south respectively. According to the 2001 UK census it has a population of 14,141. Together with Didsbury and Chorlton-cum-Hardy it was included in a larger city of Manchester in 1904. From 1974 it has also been part of the county of Greater Manchester.
Fallowfield

**Fallowfield** is an area of the city of Manchester, England. It lies two miles south of Manchester City Centre and is bisected east/west by the Wilmslow Road and north/south by the former _Fallowfield Loop railway line_, now a cycle path. According to the 2001 UK census it has a population of 14,132.
Harrisonburg

**Harrisonburg** is the name of two communities in the United States:
- Harrisonburg, Louisiana
- Harrisonburg, Virginia