juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Qakh District

**Qakh District** (; ; Tsakhur: Къахын район) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north of the country and belongs to the Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Zagatala, Shaki, Samukh, Yevlakh, and the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Its capital and largest city is Qakh. As of 2020, the district had a population of 57,200.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Qakh District
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, District
- **image map**: Qakh District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing the Qakh District
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan#Economic regions, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region, Shaki-Zagatala
- **parts type**: Settlements
- **parts**: 59
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 8 August 1930
- **area total km2**: 1490
- **population as of**: Census in Azerbaijan, 2020
- **population total**: 57200
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset**: +4
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 3400
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Qax (city), Qakh
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Musa Shakiliyev
Oghuz District

**Oghuz District** () is a raion of Azerbaijan. The capital is named Oghuz.
Shaki District

**Shaki District** () is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north of the country and belongs to the Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Qakh, Oghuz, Agdash, Yevlakh, and the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Its capital and largest city is Shaki, even though the city is subordinate to the Republic. As of 2020, the district had a population of 188,100.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Shaki District
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, District
- **image map**: Shaki District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing the Shaki District
- **parts type**: Settlements
- **parts**: 71
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 8 August 1930
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan#Economic regions, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region, Shaki-Zagatala
- **area total km2**: 2430
- **population as of**: Census in Azerbaijan, 2020
- **population total**: 188100
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset**: +4
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 5500
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Shaki, Azerbaijan, Shaki
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Elkhan Usubov
Shaki, Azerbaijan

**Shaki** () is a city in northwestern Azerbaijan, surrounded by the district of the same name. It is located on the southern part of the Greater Caucasus mountain range,  from Baku. As of 2020, it has a population of 68,400. The center of the city and the Palace of Shaki Khans were inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2019 because of its unique architecture and its history as an important trading center along the Silk Road.

## Geography

Shaki is surrounded by snowy peaks of the Greater Caucasus, which in some places reaches 3000–3600 m. The average annual temperature in Shaki is 12 °C.

The mountain forests around the area prevent the city from floods and overheating of the area during summer. During the Soviet rule of Azerbaijan, many ascended to Shaki to bathe in its prestigious mineral springs.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Shaki
- **native name**: Şəki
- **type**: City
- **image skyline**: <imagemap>
File:Shaki montage2.jpg
- 275px
- **alt**: Shaki montage. Clicking on an image in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article.
rect 0 0 1200 441 Shaki District, Landscape of Shaki
rect 0 447 618 1398 Church of Kish, Caucasian Albanian church of Kish
rect 618 447 1200 1056 Palace of Shaki Khans, Main façade detail of Khan's Palace of Shaki
rect 618 1056 1200 1398 Caucasian Albania, Round Temple of Caucasian Albania
rect 0 1395 1200 1803 Shaki fortress, Fortress of Shaki
</imagemap>
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Shaki.jpg
- **pushpin map**: Azerbaijan
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Shaki in Azerbaijan
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan#Economic regions, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region, Shaki-Zagatala
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Elkhan Usubov
- **area total km2**: 9
- **elevation m**: 700
- **population total**: 68400
- **population as of**: Census in Azerbaijan, 2020
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset**: +4
- **postal code type**: Postcode
- **postal code**: 5500


## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **whs**: Historic Centre of Sheki with the Khan’s Palace
- **image**: Khan's Palace of Shaki.JPG
- **criteria**: Cultural: ii, v
- **id**: 1529
- **year**: 2019
- **area**: 120.5 ha
- **buffer zone**: 146 ha
Mónica Spear

**Mónica Spear Mootz** (October 1, 1984 - January 6, 2014), better known as **Mónica Spear**, was a Venezuelan actress. She was "Miss Venezuela" in 2004.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mónica Spear
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Mónica Spear Mootz
- **alias**: Mónica Spear
- **death date**: January 6, 2014 (aged 29)
- **years active**: 2004–2014
- **associated acts**: Manuel Sosa
Zagatala District

**Zagatala District** (; ; Tsakhur: Закаталайни район) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north of the country and belongs to the Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Balakan, Qakh, and the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Its capital and largest city is Zagatala. As of 2020, the district had a population of 129,800.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Zagatala District
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, District
- **image map**: Zaqatala District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Zaqatala District
- **parts type**: Settlements
- **parts**: 63
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 8 August 1930
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan#Economic regions, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region, Shaki-Zagatala
- **population as of**: Census in Azerbaijan, 2020
- **population total**: 129800
- **timezone**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset**: +4
- **area total km2**: 1350
- **population density km2**: auto
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 62
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Zaqatala (city), Zagatala
Aghdam District

**Agdam District** () is a raion in southwestern Azerbaijan. Its capital is the city of Agdam, which is currently a ghost town. The western half is controlled by the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Agdam District
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **image map**: Agdam District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Agdam Raion
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **population as of**: 2007
- **area total km2**: 1,150
- **population density km2**: auto
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 0200
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Agdam
Fizuli Rayon

**Fizuli** is a raion of Azerbaijan. It was named after the Turkic poet Fuzûlî.  Its capital is the town of Fizuli. The western half, including capital Fizuli, is controlled by the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Fizuli
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **image map**: Fuzuli District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Fuzuli Raion
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 1989 census
- **population total**: 89,417
- **population est**: 140,900
- **pop est as of**: undated
- **area total km2**: 1,390
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 0141
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 1900
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Fizuli (town), Fizuli
Jabrayil District

**Jabrayil District** () is a raion of Azerbaijan. The region is controlled by the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. There are 62,100 people. Jabrail raion has productive soils.  Before the war most of the people were in agriculture. Jabrail has its southern borders with Iran.
Khojaly District

**Khojaly District** () is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Kalbajar, Lachin, Shusha, Agdam and Khojavend. Its capital and largest city is Khojaly. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 28,800.

The centre of the district, the town of Khojaly, was also the site of the Khojaly Massacre, the largest massacre throughout the whole Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Following the massacre, most of the district was occupied by Armenian forces. Following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, Azerbaijan recaptured some villages in the district, while most of the district, including its capital, was put under Russian peacekeeping control.

## Other websites

- Tragedy Massacre in Khojaly
- Massacre by Armenians Being Reported

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Khojaly District
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, District
- **image map**: Khojaly District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Khojaly District
- **parts type**: Settlements
- **parts**: 53
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 26 November 1991
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan#Economic regions, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Karabakh Economic Region, Karabakh
- **population as of**: Census in Azerbaijan, 2020
- **population total**: 28800
- **area total km2**: 1000
- **population density km2**: auto
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 2600
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Khojaly (town), Khojaly
- **timezone**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset**: +4
Khojavend District

**Khojavend District** () is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the west of the country and belongs to the Karabakh Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Lachin, Shusha, Khojaly, Agdam, Aghjabadi, Fuzuli, Jabrayil, and Qubadli. Its capital and largest city is Khojavend, however since the city is under Russian peacekeeping control, the current _de facto_ capital is the town of Hadrut. As of 2020, the district had a nominal population of 44,100.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Khojavend District
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, District
- **parts type**: Settlements
- **parts**: 83
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 26 November 1991
- **image map**: Khojavend District in Azerbaijan.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Khojavend District
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan#Economic regions, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Karabakh Economic Region, Karabakh
- **population as of**: Census in Azerbaijan, 2020
- **population total**: 44100
- **area total km2**: 1460
- **population density km2**: auto
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 2801
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Martuni, Nagorno-Karabakh, Khojavend (de jure, nominal)
Hadrut (de facto)
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Eyvaz Hüseynov
- **timezone**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset**: +4
Shusha District

**Shusha** (Şuşa) is a raion of Azerbaijan. It surrounds the city of Shusha.  It is under the control of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.
Tartar District

**Tartar** (Tərtər) is a raion of Azerbaijan. Most of it is under the control of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

## Other websites

- Tartar website
Gary Weis

**Gary Weis** is a movie and television director.  He was the second creator of short films for Saturday Night Live.

## Selected filmography

- _Jimi Hendrix_ (1973)
- _Saturday Night Live_ (1975-1977) (TV)
- _The Beach Boys: It's OK_ (1976) (TV)
- _Diary of a Young Comic_ (1977) (TV)
- _The Rutles: All You Need Is Cash_ (1978) (TV)
- _Steve Martin: A Wild and Crazy Guy_ (1978) (TV)
- _80 Blocks From Tiffany's_ (1979)
- _Wholly Moses!_ (1980)
- _Young Lust_ (1984)
- _Action Family_ (1986) (TV)
- _C.C.P.D._ (1992) (TV)
- _L.A. Law_ (1993) (TV)

## Videos

- The Bangles - _Walk Like an Egyptian_/_Walking Down Your Street_
- George Harrison - _Got My Mind Set On You_
- Paul Simon - _Call Me Al_
Gary Weiss (baseball)

**Gary Lee Weiss** (born December 27, 1955 in Brenham, Texas) is a former shortstop in Major League Baseball.  He played in 22 games for the Los Angeles Dodgers during the 1980 and 1981 seasons.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Gary Weiss
- **position**: Shortstop
- **bats**: Switch
- **throws**: Right
- **birth place**: Brenham, Texas
- **debutdate**: September 13
- **debutteam**: Los Angeles Dodgers
- **finaldate**: October 4
- **finalyear**: 1981
- **finalteam**: Los Angeles Dodgers
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .105
- **stat2label**: At bats
- **stat2value**: 19
- **stat3label**: Hit (baseball), Hits
- **stat3value**: 2
- **teams**: *Los Angeles Dodgers (1980–1981)
Karmin

**Karmin** is a pop music duo.  The singers are Amy Heidemann and Nick Noonan. They are best known for their covers of Chris Brown's "Look at Me Now" and Nicki Minaj's "Super Bass".  Their original song "Take It Away" was used in promos for the 2011 NBA Finals.

### Studio albums

|scope="col"|Title|scope="col"|Album Details|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|* Released: May 23, 2011 * Label: Karmin Music / The Complex Music Group * Formats: digital download||||
|* Released: March 25, 2014 * Label: Epic * Formats: CD, digital download||||
|* Released: September 9, 2016 * Label: RED Associated Labels * Formats: CD, digital download||||

### EPs

|scope="col"|Title|scope="col"|Album Details|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|* Released: May 10, 2010 * Label: P.I.C. * Formats: EP, digital download||||
|* Released: February 16, 2011 * Label: P.I.C. * Formats: EP, digital download||||
|* Released: May 8, 2012 * Label: Epic * Formats: EP, digital download||||

### Singles

|rowspan="2"|Year|rowspan="2" style="width:14em;"|Single|colspan="5"|Peak chart positions|rowspan="2"|Album|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||2011|||||||
|—|—|36|—|—|style="text-align:left;"|Non-album single||
||2012|||||||
|26|4|15|19|5|style="text-align:left;"|_Hello_||

## Awards and nominations

|Year|Nominated Work|Award|Nomination|Result|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2011|Karmin|American Music Award|New Media Honoree||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Karmin
- **img**: Karmin on Walmart Soundcheck Risers - July 2012 (7488098086).jpg
- **landscape**: Karmin
- **origin**: Brookline, Massachusetts, Brookline, Massachusetts, United States
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, Contemporary R&B, R&B
- **years active**: –
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **current members**: Amy Heidemann
Nick Noonan
Felsic

The word "**felsic**" is a term used in geology to refer to silicate minerals, magma, and igneous rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium.

They are usually light in colour and have specific gravities less than 3. The most common felsic rock is granite, but others include quartz, muscovite, orthoclase, and the sodium-rich plagioclase feldspars. In terms of chemistry, felsic rocks are on the other side of the rock spectrum from the mafic rocks.

## Classification of felsic rocks

In order for a rock to be classified as felsic, it generally needs to contain more than 75% felsic minerals; namely quartz, orthoclase and plagioclase. Rocks with greater than 90% felsic minerals can also be called _leucocratic_, meaning 'light-coloured'.

The rock texture thus determines the basic name of a felsic rock.

<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2">
<tr><td>**Rock Texture**</td><td>**Name of Felsic Rock**</td></tr>
<tr><td>Pegmatitic</td><td>Granite pegmatite</td></tr>
<tr><td>Coarse-grained (phaneritic)</td><td>Granite</td></tr>
<tr><td>Coarse-grained and porphyritic</td><td>Porphyritic granite</td></tr>
<tr><td>Fine-grained (aphanitic)</td><td>Rhyolite</td></tr>
<tr><td>Fine-grained and porphyritic</td><td>Porphyritic rhyolite</td></tr>
<tr><td>Pyroclastic</td><td>Rhyolitic tuff or breccia</td></tr>
<tr><td>Vesicular</td><td>Pumice</td></tr>
<tr><td>Amygdaloidal</td><td>None</td></tr>
<tr><td>Vitreous</td><td>Obsidian or porcellanite</td></tr>
</table>

## References

- Le Maitre L.E. (ed) 2002. ''Igneous rocks: a classification and glossary of terms'. 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press.
Paparazzi Project

**Paparazzi** is a do it yourself and open-source micro Unmanned aerial vehicle. Created in 2003, paparazzi is developed in the laboratories of the _École nationale de l'aviation civile_ (French civil aviation university). Paparazzi system allows to fly one or more micro-UAVs independently, with a GPS or controlled by a Linux ground station.

Paparazzi has acquired a world-renowned in the field of micro-UAVs, for its technical qualities and its the cost, relatively low concerning the components needed to manufacture the system.

## Other websites

- Official wiki
Meagan Good

**Meagan Good** (born August 8, 1981 in Los Angeles) is an American movie actress, model and director. She has performed in many commercials, radio and television programs.
Nia Long

**Nia Talita "Nia" Long** (October 30, 1970) is an American actress and model. Her movies include _Boyz n the Hood_, _Love Jones_, _In Too Deep_. Her television programs include _The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air_. She was born in Brooklyn, New York.
Viviparity

**Vivparous** animals have internal fertilisation and the eggs develop inside the mother. The key idea is that the growing embryo gets its nutrition from a placenta in the mother's womb. It is the standard method for all mammals except monotremes.

## Ovoviviparity

Those reptiles which do not lay eggs mostly keep soft-shelled eggs inside their bodies. The embryo exists on the material in the egg. They are **ovoviviparus**, because of the source of nutrition. However, there are some amphibians and a few reptiles which are genuinely viviparous because they get their nutrition direct from the mother.

## In plants

**Viviparous plants** produce seeds that germinate before they detach from the parent. In many mangroves, for instance, the seedling germinates and grows under its own energy while still attached to its parent. Then it drops into the water to transport away.

In some trees, like jackfruit, the seeds can be found already germinated while the fruit goes overripe. This condition is not vivipary because the moist and humid conditions just mimics a wet soil. However, the seeds can germinate under soil too.
Taihō (era)

was a  after a late 7th century interruption in the sequence of nengō after Shuchō and before _Keiun._  This period started in March 701 and ended in May 704.  The reigning emperor was .

## History

The system of _nengō_ mirrored the Chinese system of eras (_nianhao_).  The use of _nengō_ marked a new phase in the history of the Imperial court.  It became an example of growth in political power.

Taihō was adopted to mark the discovery of gold in Tsushima.

### Timeline

The system of Japanese era names was not the same as Imperial reign dates.

## Events of the _Taihō_ era

- **701** (_Taihō 1_): Plans for mission to the Tang court was approved.
- **702** (_Taihō 2_): The  or _Taihōryō_ reorganized Japan's government.  It completed the Taika Reforms.
- **701** (_Taihō 2_): A mission to the Tang court was led by .  The diplomats travelled by ship.  This was called the "embassy of Taihō" because it was begun during this era.

## Related pages

- Asuka period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Taihō|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|701|702|703|704|
Jennifer Jones

**Jennifer Jones** (born Phylis Lee Isley, March 2, 1919 – December 17, 2009) was an American actress. She was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Jones won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for her role as Bernadette Soubirous in _The Song of Bernadette_. She was also nominated for Academy Awards for her roles in: _Since You Went Away_, _Love Letters_, _Duel in the Sun_ and _Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing_.

Jones married actor Robert Walker (1918–1951) in 1939. They had two sons, actor Robert Walker, Jr. (1940–2019) and Michael Walker (1941–2007). The couple divorced in 1945. She was married to movie producer David O. Selznick (1902–1965) from 1949 until his death. The couple had a daughter, Mary Jennifer Selznick (1954–1976). Jones was married to businessman Norton Simon (1907–1993) from 1971 until his death.

She died in Malibu, California on December 17, 2009 at the age of 90.
Flag of the Bahamas

The **flag of the Bahamas** started to be used on July 10, 1973.  The black triangle on the left is for the unity and determination of the people of the Bahamas. The triangle points toward three equal-width stripes.  The stripes are for areas of natural resource.  The two aquamarine stripes at the top and bottom are for the sea. The gold stripe is for the land.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: The Bahamas
- **image**: Flag of the Bahamas.svg
- **use**: 111000
- **proportion**: 1:2
- **adoption**: July 10, 1973
- **design**: Three horizontal stripes of Aquamarine (color), Aquamarine, and Gold (color), gold with a black triangle
Keiun

, also known as **Kyōun**, was a  following _Taihō_ and preceding _Wadō._ The period startedin May 704 and ended in January 708. The reigning emperors were  and .

## Events of the _Keiun_ era

- **697** (_Keiun 4_): In the 11th year of Mommu's reign, the emperor died, but his son and heir was too young to receive the succession (_senso_). Instead, the mother of the heir became Japan's monarch until her son grew older.
- **18 July 707** (_Keiun 4, 15th day of the 6th month_): Gemmei's role as monarch is confirmed by ceremonies (_sokui_).  She was aged 48.
- **707** (_Keiun 4_): Deposits of copper were found in Musashi Province.
- **708** (_Keiun 5_): The era name was changed to mark the beginning of the reign of Empress Gemmei; and _Wadō_ as the new _nengō_ mark the welcome discovery of copper in the Chichibu District of what is now Saitama Prefecture.  The Japanese word for copper is _dō_ (銅); and since this was indigenous copper, the _"wa"_ (the ancient Chinese term for Japan) could be combined with the _"dō"_ (copper) to create a new composite term — _"wadō"_ — meaning "Japanese copper."

## Related pages

- Asuka period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Keiun|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||704|705|706|707|708|
Rebecca De Mornay

**Rebecca De Mornay** (born Rebecca Pearch, August 29, 1959) is an American actress. She was born in Santa Rosa, California to Wally George (1931-2003) and Jane (née Eager). She starred in _Risky Business_ and _The Hand That Rocks the Cradle_.

## Personal life

She lived with Tom Cruise from 1983–1985. She was married to writer Bruce Wagner from 1989 until they divorced in 1990. Mornay was later in a relationship with singer Leonard Cohen in the 1990s. She married sportscaster Patrick O'Neal in 1995. They had two daughters and divorced in 2002.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rebecca De Mornay
- **image**: Rebecca-de-Mornay.jpg
- **caption**: De Mornay in 2006
- **birth name**: Rebecca Jane Pearch
- **birth place**: Santa Rosa, California, U.S.
- **other names**: Rebecca George
- **occupation**: Actress, producer
- **years active**: 1981–present
- **spouse**: Bruce Wagner
(1986–1990; divorced)
- **partner**: Patrick O'Neal (sportscaster), Patrick O'Neal (1995–2002)
- **children**: 2
Coat of arms of the Bahamas

The **Coat of Arms of the Bahamas** is a shield with the national symbols.

## Description and explanation

The shield has a marlin and flamingo. The crest on top of the helmet is a conch shell.  This is for the varied marine life of the island chain.  The ship is said to be the _Santa María_ of Christopher Columbus.  The animals on the shield are the national animals.  The national motto is at the bottom.

The vibrant colors of the coat of arms are to point to a bright future for the islands.

The Coat of Arms was approved by Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II on 7th December, 1971.

## Infobox (coat of arms)

- **name**: Coat of arms of the Bahamas
- **image**: Coat of arms of the Bahamas.svg
- **image width**: 250
- **armiger**: Charles III Monarchy of the Bahamas, in Right of the Bahamas
- **year adopted**: 7 December 1971
- **crest**: Conch shell proper, surrounded by five Arecaceae, palm fronds vert
- **torse**: Blue and Gold
- **supporters**: Marlin and Flamingo
- **motto**: **Forward, Upward, Onward Together**
March On, Bahamaland

"**March On, Bahamaland**" is a song.  It is the national anthem of the Bahamas. Timothy Gibson wrote the music and words. This song was adopted as the national anthem in 1973. That was when the country became a separate country from the United Kingdom. Before that, the anthem was "God Save the Queen", retained as the royal anthem.

## Lyrics

- Lift up your head to the rising sun, Bahama Land!
- March on to glory, your bright banners waving high.
- See how the world marks the manner of your bearing!
- Pledge to excel through love and unity.
- Pressing onward, march together
- To a common loftier goal;
- Steady sunward, though the weather
- Hide the wide and treacherous shoal.
- Lift up your head to the rising sun, Bahama Land;
- Till the road you have lead unto your God...
    - **March on, Bahamaland!**
Afro-Bahamians

**Afro-Bahamians** or **Bahamians of African descent** are Bahamians whose ancestry is from the continent of Africa.  Most are from West Africa. The first Africans in The Bahamas came from Bermuda.  They were with the Eleutheran Adventurers as freed slaves looking for a new life.

Currently, Afro-Bahamians are the biggest ethnic group in the Bahamas.  They are 85% of the country's people. They have a much higher standard of living than previous generations.
Gail O'Grady

**Gail Ann O'Grady** (born January 28, 1963 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American television actress. She performed on the series _American Dreams_ and _NYPD Blue_.
White Bahamians

**European Bahamians** or **Bahamians of European Descent** are Bahamians whose ancestry is from the continent of Europe. Most are from the British Puritans and American Loyalists who arrived in 1649 and 1783. There were lots of White Bahamians in the 18th century, but now they are less than 10% of the Bahamian population.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: White Bahamians
- **population**: 46,920 (2010)
9.3% of the Bahamas  population
- **popplace**: Spanish Wells, Dunmore Town, Eleuthera, Abaco Islands, Long Island, Bahamas, Long Island, New Providence
- **langs**: Bahamian English • Bahamian Creole
- **rels**: Christianity • Judaism
- **related**: English people, English, Irish people, Irish, Scottish people, Scottish
Monarchy of the Bahamas

The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.  King Charles III is the reigning monarch since 8 September 2022. He is The Bahama's head of state.

Many of the jobs of the government are done by the Governor-General.
Governor-General of The Bahamas

The **Governor General of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas** is the representative of the Bahamian Monarch (currently King Charles III). The Governor General is responsible for selecting the Prime Minister.

## Governors-general of the Bahamas

|#||Governor||From||To|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Sir Milo Butler <small>GCMG</small> || 31 July 1973|| 22 January 1979||||||
|2|Sir Gerald Christopher Cash <small>GCMG, GCVO, OBE</small>  ||22 January 1979|| 25 June 1988||||||
|3|Sir Henry Milton Taylor|26 June 1988|1 January 1992||||
|4|Sir Clifford Darling <small>GCMG, GCVO</small> || 2 January 1992 || 2 January 1995||||||
|5|Sir Orville Alton Turnquest <small>GCMG, QC</small> || 3 January 1995|| 13 November 2001||||||
|6|Dame Ivy Leona Dumont <small>DCMG</small>  || 13 November 2001|| December 2005||||||
|-|_Paul Adderley_|_1 December 2005_|_1 February 2006 <small>(acting)</small>_||||
|7|Arthur Dion Hanna|1 February 2006|14 April 2010||||
|8|Sir Arthur Alexander Foulkes <small>GCMG</small> || 14 April 2010|| 8 July 2014||||||
|9|Dame Marguerite Pindling|8 July 2014|28 June 2019||||
|10|Cornelius A. Smith|28 June 2019|1 September 2023||||
|11|Dame Cynthia A. Pratt|1 September 2023|Incumbent||||

## References

President of Jamaica
- Georgetown University

## Infobox (vice-regal)

- **realm**: The Bahamas
- **crest**: Coat of arms of the Bahamas.svg
- **incumbent**: Cynthia A. Pratt
- **incumbentsince**: 1 September 2023
- **post-nominals**: Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG
- **his/her**: Her
- **style**: The Bahamas
- **appointed by**: Charles III, King Charles III
- **first gg**: Milo Butler, Sir Milo Butler
- **date**: 31 July 1973
- **residence**: Government House, The Bahamas
- **website**: [http://www.bahamas.gov.bs/wps/portal/public/gov/government/contacts/directory%20of%20contacts/listed%20alphabetically/directory/arthur%20foulkes/!ut/p/b1/vZTLrqJAFEW_xQ_wcoTiNeSCIEKBvASZGEBBQUAFeX19a3KT7nTS9qRvV41Osuus7DUoIiQCIqyi7pxF7bmuostrDpk9BQoWBMRhhQYGVG-jCxt2RXIy_QzsngH4wxHg3XtTIwmfCFwP2GWNs6UOWh55EhpyGTeptb7jx5kWMlMXfCpHxeUQsNOmU20H7ea-UNEQt2OMejuK1TxVtwnjaqrgDk2v0Aa-Ixdn12DUw3JYcDtXFfuHnK3TcOfzSRv4yfiYsF5ybF87-p3rl7HiXOdnai5TzSk8TCI2l6jl9ev9CJ8x6V_jQS2z43ByBO5y6Gg-Zfmxq_rZ7MvBm5J_cegT4VtNCL4CbzQbq7o8ErtnjP1lj7sFUBcg2M7CAs6mCZcIAO2dfLyqUzHZOWv1Tm5N7hRRiyVA40qO4V2wm5lj0a6hoHHrDabhyoYjJYPDB_gg294naJ52sZ7VfwOapMs_geKC0TwaHIX8bqBCm9zTFOtuBJoEEP87cPFdQMXElvhS6n6-lFKrlcDoFAfofwOZfw5cE-E5Lj_6pPyAD5IHmltwFEOywJE0sc13zBA3uJeW9n6wCzBaPZmCZm_hwgFJNcRIXmaRns_N-V0-kVgtzNIcpofU8MwRlTf-gBFiw9ZkkmvVGxWimdDJzYfY7JUpErMjBLlwSuW6i5mIpm9doIQXvk3jy3TTMp99tj6tUZTt_ZOZFXLI10pgwXjVEiR5KvR1FFvb_eNE-fwSjXepP3eH5lBRmXRM_BrqKj6PmiwFh0j1tCwvwhu3NVZM0dylhc6VTQoXMpK7fY76YzDHqCrYlJezcvP6Sq6l1-mMzRnpz4uF2ewHorr09A!!/dl4/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/ www.bahamas.gov.bs]
Feminization of poverty

**Feminization of poverty** means today women are more likely to be poor than men, and the number of poor women is going up. Poverty means not having enough money for basic needs such as food, water, shelter, or toilets. There are several causes for the feminization of poverty.
- Sexism
- Unemployment
- Lone mother households
- Lower income - although in some places it is illegal to pay a woman less than a man for doing the same work, the practice still occurs.
- Social inequality

## References

- http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0001563/Women_work_UNIFEM.pdf
Holes (movie)

***Holes*** is a 2003 American adventure comedy-drama movie based on novel Holes. It has Shia LaBeouf in the lead role of Stanley Yelnats.  Also in the movie are Sigourney Weaver, Jon Voight, Patricia Arquette, Tim Blake Nelson, Eartha Kitt, Dulé Hill, Rick Fox, and Henry Winkler as Stanley Yelnats III.

The movie was produced by Walden Media and released by Walt Disney Pictures.

_Holes_ made $16,300,155 in its opening weekend.  It was #2 at the box office.  Number 1 was _Anger Management_.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Holes
- **director**: Andrew Davis (moviedirector), Andrew Davis
- **producer**: Andrew Davis
Lowell D. Blak
Teresa Tucker-Davies
- **screenplay**: Louis Sachar
- **starring**: Sigourney Weaver
Jon Voight
Patricia Arquette
Tim Blake Nelson
Shia LaBeouf
Khleo Thomas
Dulé Hill
Henry Winkler
and Eartha Kitt
- **music**: Joel McNeely
- **cinematography**: Stephen St. John
- **editing**: Thomas J. Nordberg
Jeffrey Wolf
- **studio**: Walden Media
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Pictures
- **runtime**: 120 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English and many others
- **budget**: $45 million
- **gross**: $71,500,646
Nanboku-chō period

The , also known as **Nambokuchō** or the period of Northern and Southern Courts, started in 1333 or 1336 and ended 1392.

## History

During 60+ years of the 14th century, Kyoto was the seat of an pretender Imperial group known as the Northern Court.  The series of pretender emperors in Kyoto were supported by the Ashikaga shogunate, but some disputed whether they were true monarchs.

During these years, a Southern Court was established in  the Yoshino District of what is today Nara Prefecture.  The series of emperors in Yoshino were rejected by the Ashikaga shoguns and their supporters.

Forces loyal to the two rival courts fought for more than six decades.  This period of rivalry is sometimes identified as the early part of the Muromachi period of the History of Japan.

In 1392, the Southern court stopped fighting; and the Northern Court seemed to have won the long struggle. However, the claims of the Kyoto pretenders were undermined by scholars and historians.  The so-called "emperors" in Kyoto did not have of the essential Imperial regalia until after 1392.  The succession (_senso_) was not passed to them from Emperor Go-Daigo.  The pretenders were not confirmed with valid ceremonies (_sokui_).

In 1911, an Imperial decree confirmed that the only legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the Southern Court emperors.

## Northern Court pretenders

- Emperor Kōgon, 1331–1333
- Emperor Kōmyō, 1336–1348
- Emperor Sukō, 1348–1351
- Emperor Go-Kōgon, 1352–1371
- Emperor Go-En'yū, 1371–1382
- Emperor Go-Komatsu, 1382–1412

## Southern Court emperors

- Emperor Go-Daigo, 1318–1339
- Emperor Go-Murakami, 1339–1368
- Emperor Chōkei, 1368–1383
- Emperor Go-Kameyama, 1383–1392

## Related pages

- Northern Court
- Southern Court
- List of Japanese eras
- Muromachi period
- Sengoku period
Nefertem

**Nefertem** was a deity honored by the ancient Egyptians. According to a creation myth, he was originally a lotus flower at the time of creation. He was worshipped as a god of healing and beauty. Since the blue lotus is a flower and a symbol of rebirth, Nefertem is often compared to it.

His father is Ptah and his mother is Sekhmet. They are all worshiped evenly.
Arthur Foulkes

**Sir Arthur Alexander Foulkes**, GCMG (born 11 May 1928) served as Governor-General of the Bahamas from 2010 to 2014.

Foulkes was elected to the House of Assembly in 1967.  In 1971 he started the Free National Movement.  He went to the Senate in 1972 and 1977.  He returned to the House of Assembly in 1982. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 2001. He was promoted to Knight Grand Cross in 2010.

## Early life

Arthur Foulkes was born on the island Inagua in Matthew Town on 11 May 1928. His parents were Dr. William A. Foulkes and Mrs. Julie Foulkes née Maisonneuve.

## Diplomatic career

In 1992 Sir Arthur became The Bahamas High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.  He was ambassador to France, Germany, Italy, Belgium and the European Union.  He became the first Bahamas Ambassador to the People's Republic of China and Ambassador to the Republic of Cuba in 1999.

## Family and personal life

Sir Arthur married Joan Eleanor Bullard of Nassau.

## References

- Former Tribune News Editor heads to Government House
- Sir Arthur Alexander Foulkes Appointed Governor-General Of The Commonwealth of The Bahamas
- Governor-General appointed to Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George
- Governor General's Youth Awards: Our Patron
- Bahama Islands Info: Sir Arthur Foulkes is new Governor-General

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Arthur Foulkes
- **image**: Arthur Foulkes (cropped).jpg
- **honorific-suffix**:
<small>Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG</small>
- **office**: Governor-General of the Bahamas, Governor General of the Bahamas
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **primeminister**: Hubert Ingraham
Perry Christie
- **term start**: 14 April 2010
- **term end**: 8 July 2014
- **predecessor**: Arthur Dion Hanna
- **successor**: Dame Marguerite Pindling
- **birth place**: Matthew Town, The Bahamas, Bahamas
- **party**: Progressive Liberal Party <small>(Before 1971)</small>
Free National Movement <small>(1971–present)</small>
- **spouse**: Joan Eleanor Foulkes
Perry Christie

The Rt. Hon. **Perry Gladstone Christie**, PC, MP (born 21 August 1943), is a Bahamian politician.  He has been the Prime Minister of the Bahamas from May 2012 to May 2017.  He was also Prime Minister from 2002 to 2007. He is also a former athlete.  He was the leader of the PLP

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Right Honourable
- **name**: Perry Gladstone Christie
- **image**: Perry Christie 2013 (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 3rd Prime Minister of the Bahamas
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **governor general**: Arthur Foulkes
Marguerite Pindling
- **deputy**: Philip "Brave" Davis
- **term start**: 8 May 2012
- **term end**: 11 May 2017
- **predecessor**: Hubert Ingraham
- **successor**: Hubert Minnis
- **monarch1**: Elizabeth II
- **governor general1**: Ivy Dumont
Paul Adderley
Arthur Dion Hanna
- **deputy1**: Cynthia A. Pratt, Cynthia Pratt
- **term start1**: 6 June 2005
- **term end1**: 4 May 2007
- **predecessor1**: Cynthia A. Pratt, Cynthia Pratt
- **successor1**: Hubert Ingraham
- **monarch2**: Elizabeth II
- **governor general2**: Ivy Dumont
- **deputy2**: Cynthia A. Pratt, Cynthia Pratt
- **term start2**: 3 May 2002
- **term end2**: 4 May 2005
- **predecessor2**: Hubert Ingraham
- **successor2**: Cynthia A. Pratt, Cynthia Pratt
- **birth name**: Perry Gladstone Christie
- **birth place**: Nassau, Bahamas, Nassau, The Bahamas, Bahamas
- **party**: Progressive Liberal Party
- **spouse**: Bernadette Hanna
- **alma mater**: University of Birmingham
City Law School
Parliament of the Bahamas

The **Parliament of The Bahamas** is the bicameral national parliament of The Bahamas.  The parliament has an appointed Senate and an elected House of Assembly. It currently sits at Nassau, the national capital.

It is based on the Westminster system.

## House of Assembly

The House of Assembly is the lower chamber. It has 41 members.  They are known as Members of Parliament.  Each is elected for five-year terms. The House of Assembly performs all major legislative functions. The Prime Minister is the leader of the party who has the majority of the House of Assembly seats. The speaker of the House of Assembly is currently Mr. Alvin Smith.

## Senate

The Senate (upper house) has 16 members.  They are known as Senators.  The Senators are appointed by the Governor-General. Nine of these senators are selected on the advice of the Prime Minister.  Four are selected on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition. Three are selected on the advice of the Prime Minister after talking to the Leader of the Opposition. The Senate can pass Bills in the same manner as passed by the House.  It can also make amendments to the Bill. Those amendments will then have to be approved by the House of Assembly. The Senate may even reject a Bill that was passed by the House. The President of the Senate is currently Mrs. Lynn Holowesko from 2007. She succeeded Mrs. Sharon R. Wilson.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **name**: Parliament of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas
- **legislature**: 13th Bahamian Parliament
- **coa pic**: Coat of arms of Bahamas.svg
- **coa res**: 120px
- **house type**: Bicameral
- **houses**: Senate
House of Assembly
- **leader1 type**: Monarchy of the Bahamas, Monarch
- **leader1**: Elizabeth II
- **election1**: 6 February 1952
- **leader2 type**: Governor-General of the Bahamas, Governor-General
- **leader2**: Arthur Foulkes, Sir Arthur Foulkes
- **election2**: 14 April 2010
- **leader3 type**: List of Presidents of the Senate of the Bahamas, President of the Senate
- **leader3**: Sharon Wilson
- **party3**: Progressive Liberal Party, PLP
- **election3**: 23 May 2012
- **leader4 type**: List of Speakers of the House of Assembly of the Bahamas, Speaker
- **leader4**: Dr Kendal Major
- **party4**: Progressive Liberal Party, PLP
- **election4**: 23 May 2012
- **members**: 54
- **session room**: BahamianParliamentPanorama.jpg
- **session res**: 200px
- **meeting place**: Bahamian Parliament, Nassau, Bahamas, Nassau, The Bahamas
Bahamian dollar

The **dollar** (sign: **$**; code: **BSD**) has been the currency of The Bahamas since 1966. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign _$_.  Sometimes it is abbreviated _B$_ to show it is different from other dollars. It is divided into 100 cents.

## Infobox (currency)

- **image title 1**: $1 note featuring Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Queen Elizabeth II (currently being replaced by new $1 note featuring Sir Lynden Pindling)
- **iso code**: BSD
- **using countries**:
 <small>(alongside the United States dollar from 25 May 2013)</small>
- **inflation rate**: 2.4%
- **inflation source date**: _[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.html The World Factbook]_, (2007 est.)
- **pegged with**: United States dollar, U.S. dollar at par
- **subunit ratio 1**: 1/100
- **subunit name 1**: Cent (currency), cent
- **symbol**: BDollar sign, $
- **frequently used coins**: 1, 5, 10, 25 cents
- **rarely used coins**: 15 cents, 50 cents, 1 dollar, 2 dollars, 5 dollars
- **frequently used banknotes**: $1, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100
- **rarely used banknotes**: $1/2, $3
- **issuing authority**: The Central Bank of The Bahamas
- **issuing authority website**: www.centralbankbahamas.com
Area code 242

**Area code 242** is the local telephone area code of the Bahamas.

When in the Bahamas, a person needs only the seven-digit number to make a call. To call from anywhere within North America (the United States, Canada, etc.), simply dial 1-242 followed by the phone number.

To make calls between different Islands in the Bahamas, the caller must also use 1-242.
Bimini

**Bimini** is the westernmost district of the Bahamas. Bimini is the closest point in the Bahamas to the mainland United States.  It is about 137 miles (209 km) west-northwest of Nassau. There are about 1600 people on the chain of islands.  The capital is Alice Town.  South Bimini Airport is on South Bimini island.  The ocean around the islands is said to be one of the world's top big-game fishing spots.

Bimini is home to several unique and threatened species.  The Bimini Boa is the largest of the reptiles on Bimini.  The Bimini Ameiva is a very common, fast moving lizard on the island. The Smalltooth sawfish is one of the rarest fish in the world. The spiny dogfish also can be found on Bimini.

Ernest Hemingway lived on Bimini from 1935 to 1937.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bimini, Bahamas
- **type**: Districts of the Bahamas, Third-Scheduled District
- **nickname**: Fishing Capital of the Bahamas
- **image map**: Bimini in Bahamas (+glow).svg
- **map caption**: The Bahamas with Bimini highlighted on the west side
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Bahamas
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Alice Town
- **leader title**: Administrator of the Government, Administrator
- **population demonym**: Biminite
- **area total km2**: 23
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 1,988
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Parliament of the Bahamas, Parliamentary representation
- **blank info sec1**: 1 House seat, shared with West End, Grand Bahama, West End as a single parliamentary constituency
- **blank name sec2**: Local government in the Bahamas, Local government
- **blank info sec2**: 1 council; 0 townships
Andros, Bahamas

**Andros Island** is an archipelago in the Bahamas.  It is the largest of the 26 inhabited Bahamian Islands. The land area of Andros has hundreds of small islets and cays connected by mangrove estuaries and tidal swamp lands.  There are three major islands—North Andros, Mangrove Cay, and South Andros. It is 104 miles (167 km) long by at its widest 40 miles (64 km) wide.

The Andros Barrier Reef is the world's third longest after Australia's Great Barrier Reef and the Central American Belize Barrier Reef.  The island is home to the world's largest collection of Blue Holes.

Andros is known in the Bahamas by two nicknames, "The Sleeping Giant" and "The Big Yard."

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: Andros
- **image name**: Andros island2978.jpg
- **image caption**: Beach on South Andros Island
- **map caption**: Location in the Bahamas
- **location**: Atlantic Ocean
- **archipelago**: The Bahamas
- **major islands**: North Andros, Mangrove Cay, South Andros
- **area km2**: 5957
- **length km**: 167
- **width km**: 64
- **country**: Bahamas
- **country largest city**: Andros Town
- **country largest city population**: 2,318
- **population**: 7,800
- **density km2**: 1.31
- **ethnic groups**: African diaspora, Blacks 85%, White people, Whites 12%, Asian people, Asian and Spanish people, Hispanic 3%
New Providence

**New Providence** is an island of The Bahamas.  It has the most people of all the islands in the Bahamas.  It has more than 70% of the total people. It also houses the national capital city, Nassau. The island was first under Spanish control following Christopher Columbus' discovery of the New World.  New Providence is the main commercial hub of The Bahamas. It is home to over 400 banks and trust companies. Its hotels and port have more than two thirds of the four million-plus tourists who visit The Bahamas each year. Other settlements on New Providence include Grants Town, Bain Town, Fox Hill, Adelaide, Yamacraw, South Beach, Coral Harbour, Lyford Cay, Paradise Island, Sea Breeze, Centreville, The Grove (South) and The Grove (West Bay), Cable Beach, Delaporte, Gambier and Love Beach.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: New Providence
- **map caption**: New Providence (Bahamas)
- **location**: Atlantic Ocean
- **archipelago**: The Bahamas
- **area km2**: 207
- **length km**: 34
- **width km**: 11
- **elevation m**: 5
- **country**: Bahamas
- **country largest city**: Nassau, Bahamas, Nassau
- **population**: 248,948
- **population as of**: 2010
- **density km2**: 1594
- **ethnic groups**: African diaspora, African 85%, Caucasian race, European 12%, Asian people, Asian and Spanish people, Hispanic 3%