juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Eve

**Eve** could mean:

## Bible

- Eve (Bible), the first woman according to Christian theology.

## Computers and programming

- EVE Online, an MMORPG computer game, Space Simulation
- Groupee Community, an online community formerly known as Eve
- Evolving Virtual Enterprise, or EVE(TM), an adaptive Web Portal System
- EVE (text editor), a text editor provided with the VMS operating system
- _Eve,_ a multimedia CD-ROM game created in association with and featuring the music of Peter Gabriel

## Games

- EVE: The Second Genesis Collectible Card Game

## Days

The day before, or the evening before, a holiday, such as:
- New Year's Eve
- Christmas Eve
- St. John's Eve, also called Midsummer's Eve or Bonfire Night
- The Eve of St. Agnes
- All Hallows Eve, another name for Halloween

## Fictional characters

- Eve (_Applegeeks_), an android in the _Applegeeks_ webcomic
- E.V.E (Exceptionally Versatile Evolvanoid), from early Sonic the Hedgehog comics
- Eve (Buffyverse), in the television series _Angel_
- Eve (DC Comics), in the _Sandman_ comic book series
- Eve (_Xena_), Xena's daughter in the TV series _Xena: Warrior Princess_
- Eve, a female superhero in the _Freedom Force_ computer game series
- Mitochondria Eve (not to be confused with Mitochondrial Eve), the main villain in the Parasite Eve video game.
- Eve (_Black Cat_), in the manga _Black Cat_
- Eve, title of a TV episode from the TV series, _Journey to the Unknown_ starring Carol Lynley
- Eve (_Hitman: Blood Money_), a fictional character from the video game _Hitman: Blood Money_

## Music and television

- _Eve_ (album), a progressive rock album by The Alan Parsons Project
- EVE (band), a Korean visual rock band
- _Eve_ (TV series), starring rapper Eve (rapper) as Shelly
- "Eve" (_The X-Files_ episode), an episode of _The X-Files_
- Ève, an oratorio by Jules Massenet
- _Divergence Eve_, an anime
- Eve (rapper)

## People

- Eve (name)
- Eve (surname)
- Mitochondrial Eve, the most recent common matrilineal ancestor of all living humans
- Eve, the alleged first successful human clone, by the Raelian corporation Clonaid
- Eve Angel, Hungarian pornographic actress
- Eve Laurence, American pornographic actress

## Places

- Ève, a commune in the Oise département of France

## Other

- Eve (cigarette)
- Eve, standing for Everything Vs Everything is a Mugen screenpack customized for play with the Mugen engine
- Eva (mortar),  a mortar weapon of the Mörser Karl series of German WWII artillery
- Ewe language, alternate spelling
- Eve, meaning evening, a reference to a time of day at approximately 6PM
- Scaled Composites White Knight Two, or Eve, a sub-orbital launch aircraft
- Eve, a symbolic name for an eavesdropper in cryptography discussions; see Alice and Bob

## Related pages

- Evening
Ryūgū-jō

In Japanese mythology, **Ryūgū-jō** (竜宮城) is the palace of Ryūjin, the dragon god of the sea. It is located under the sea. Depending on the version of the legend, it is built from red and white coral, or from solid crystal.  Those that live in the palace were Ryūjin's servants, which were various creatures of the sea.  On each of the four sides of the palace is a different season, and one day at the palace is the same as 100 years on earth. In legend, Urashima Tarō visits Ryūgū-jō.
Imp

An **imp** is a mythological creature similar to a fairy or demon, usually described in folklore and superstition.

Imps are usually described as mischievous more than a serious threat, and as lesser creatures, not important supernatural beings. The small helpers who attend the devil are sometimes described as imps. They are usually described as small and very active.

Imps were the common name given to familiar spirits that served witches in the Middle Ages. Imps were usually kept inside artifacts such as gemstone pieces or vials and summoned for service with magic.

## Related pages

- Gremlin
- Goblin
- Kappa
British Asians

**British Asians** are a group of people in the United Kingdom. British Asians are part of ethnic groups that come from Asia. Asians were 7% of the United Kingdom's population in 2011. The ancestors of most British Asians lived in South Asia. Many British Asians are British Indians, British Pakistanis, or British Bangladeshis, all from South Asia. Most of the others are British Chinese and British Japanese, both from East Asia. Others come from other countries in Asia.

After the crackdown on democracy in Hong Kong and the passage of the national security law in 2020 at least 144,000 people left Hong Kong and moved to the United Kingdom.

In the 2021 census  "Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh" people were 9.3% (5.5 million) of the population of England and Wales. This was the largest percentage increase from 2011, when it was 4.2 million people.
Black British

**Black British** are people who live in the United Kingdom that are Black.

The 2001 UK census says there were 4.2 million Black British people. They were 2.33% of the population of the England and Wales.  In the 2021 census  4% of people said they were Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African. That was 2.4 million people in England and Wales.

In the past, Black British used to mean any British person who was not Causasian, like British Asians, but people say that it was because of racism in England at that time.
Ryūjin

**Ryūjin** (Japanese 龍神 "dragon god", also called **Rinjin** and Owatatsumi) was the god of the sea in Japanese mythology. He was a dragon, a symbol of the power of the ocean, had a very big mouth, and could transform into human shape. Ryūjin lived in Ryūgū-jō, his palace under the sea built out of red and white coral, from where he was believed to control the tides with magical _tide jewels_. Sea turtles, fish and jellyfish were Ryūjin's servants.

Ryūjin was the father of the beautiful goddess Otohime who married the hunter prince Hoori. The first Emperor of Japan, Emperor Jimmu, is said to have been a grandson of Otohime and Hoori's. This means, Ryūjin is believed to be one of the ancestors of the Japanese imperial dynasty.

A legend about Ryūjin is the story about how the jellyfish lost its bones. This story tells that once, Ryūjin wanted to eat monkey's heart, and sent the jellyfish to get him a monkey. The monkey managed to escape from the jellyfish by telling him that he had put his heart in a jar in the forest, and offered to go and get it. When the jellyfish came back and told Ryūjin what had happened, Ryūjin became so angry that he beat the jellyfish until its bones were all broken.

## Other websites

- Ryūjin  at the _Encyclopedia Mythica_.
Takamagahara

**Takama-ga-hara** (Japanese: 高天原), literally "High Heaven's Plain" but usually translated as the "High Plain of Heaven," is a place in Japanese mythology. In Shinto, Takama-ga-hara is the place where the Kami live. The legends say it's connected to the Earth by the bridge _Ama-no uki-hashi_ (the "Floating Bridge of Heaven"). In Shinto, when a kami is worshipped, it is invited to leave Takama-ga-hara and enter a shrine.
Gospel music

**Gospel music** is a style of music.  It is often written to express personal or group belief, regarding Christianity. This music is used to praise, worship and thank God, Christ or the Holy Spirit. Perhaps the most famous gospel song is Amazing Grace.

## Common Themes

Many gospel songs are about heaven. Others tell about when the singer was saved. Gospel songs may be based on the feelings or experience of the writer. Gospel songs tend to be more personal than hymns. Hymns are often directed to God or telling about God.

## Types of Gospel Music

There are many types of gospel music. Some of them are spirituals, traditional, gospel blues, southern gospel, country gospel, bluegrass gospel and sacred harp. The way of singing is the main thing that is different. The message may be quite similar between the types.

## How Gospel Music is sung

Most types of gospel music have a typical way of being sung.  Traditional (Black) gospel often uses a large choir, with one or two soloists. Gospel blues were sung by a single singer with a guitar. Southern gospel is almost always sung by a quartet with a piano. Bluegrass gospel has a few singers with stringed instruments. Sacred harp is sung by a large group with no instruments.

## Related pages

- Hymn
- Christian music
- Psalms
Salsa (dance)

**Salsa** is a type of dance of hispanic origin.

Salsa as a dance can be seen in all the places mentioned. Unlike standard ballroom dancing, there is no clear agreement on how it should be danced, and the methods differ widely in detail. The teaching of salsa is also rather undeveloped. But, as a general guide, salsa dancing is rather like other dances from Cuba, such as the cha-cha-cha.
Izumo Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Shimane Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called .

The province had borders with Iwami, Bingo and Hōki provinces.

In the 8th century, Matsue became the provincial capital city.

## History

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Izumo Province were reformed in the 1870s.

## Temples and Shrines

_Izumo taisha_ was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Izumo.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan

## Other websites

- Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
Mount Hiei

is a mountain that is northeast of Kyoto city. It is at the border between the Kyoto and Shiga prefectures, Japan.

Mount Hiei appeared in many folk tales in different centuries. Traditionally, people believed it to be the home of gods and demons of Shinto.

## References

- John Stevens, "The Marathon Monks of Mount Hiei." Boston: Shambala, 1988

## Other websites

- Mount Hiei travel information at Wikivoyage
- Holly Schmid: Marathon Monks of Mount Hiei
- Photos of Mount Hiei and Enryakuji Temple

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mount Hiei
- **other name**: 比叡山
- **photo**: Sakura MtHiei.jpg
- **photo caption**: The view from Kyoto with Cherry blossoms. (April 2005)
- **elevation m**: 848.1
- **listing**: List of mountains and hills of Japan by height
- **location**: Honshū, Shiga Prefecture, Japan
- **topo**: Geographical Survey Institute 25000:1 京都東北部, 50000:1 京都及大阪
Momotarō

is a popular hero from Japanese folklore. His name literally means _Peach Tarō_. Because _Tarō_ is a common Japanese boy's name, it is usually translated as _Peach Boy_. _Momotarō_ is also the name of several books, films, and other works that tell the tale of this hero.

The most common version of this tale (from the Edo period), tells Momotarō came to earth inside a giant peach. The peach was found floating down a river by an old woman without children who was washing clothes there. The woman and her husband found the child when they tried to open the peach to eat it. The child explained that he had been sent by Heaven to be their son. The couple called him Momotarō, from _momo_ (peach) and _tarō_ (oldest son in the family).

An older version of the story tells the old woman discover the giant, floating peach and take it home with her, as she finds it to be of good color and looking tasty. After eating a piece of the peach, the old woman is rejuvenated and becomes young and beautiful again. When her old husband comes home from the hills, he is surprised to find a lovely young lady in his house. At first he does not even recognize his own wife in her new form, but she explains what happened to him. She then gives her husband a piece of the peach to eat, and he also becomes young again. That night, the couple makes love, and the woman becomes pregnant as a result. She later gives birth to their first child, a son, whom they name _Tarō_, as that is a common Japanese name for a first son. This version of the story is the oldest one that is written in old texts, but it appears to have been changed with the version without sex in school textbooks of the Meiji period. The peach is often seen as a symbol of sex or fertility in Japan, because its fruit is believed to be similar to a woman's buttocks.

Years later, Momotarō left his parents for an island called Onigashima to destroy the evil oni (demons or ogres) that lived there. On his way, Momotarō met and became friends with a talking dog, monkey, and pheasant, who agreed to help him in his mission. At the island, Momotarō and his animal friends entered the demons' fort and beat the demons' leader, Ura, and his army. Momotarō returned home with his new friends, and his family lived happily from then on.

## Related pages

- Japanese Folklore
- Urashima Tarō
- Kintaro
Ame-no-Uzume

**Ame-no-Uzume-no-mikoto** (天宇受売命) is the Kami of dawn, happiness and joy in the Shinto religion of Japan. She is famous for her role in the tale of the sun goddess, Amaterasu.

Amaterasu's brother, the storm god Susano'o (須佐之男命), had vandalised her sacred buildings and killed her maidens because she refused to trust him. Amaterasu became so scared of his wrath that she went to hide into a cave, Ame-no-Iwato (天の岩戸). The world, without the light of the sun, became dark. The Oni (devils of Japanese mythology) came out to the dark world, and the gods could not make Amaterasu come out of the cave.

The intelligent Uzume took a small boat, turned it upside down near the cave entrance, and began a dance on it, tearing off her clothing in front of the other Kami. They thought this was so funny that they laughed happily.

Amaterasu heard them, and looked out to see why the gods were laughing. When she opened the cave, she saw her wonderful reflection in a mirror Uzume had put on a tree, and slowly came out of the cave.

At that moment, the god Ameno-Tajikarawo (天手力男命) closed the cave behind her, so she could not go back in. Another god tied a magic rope across the entrance. The sun goddess was then asked by the Kami Ame-no-Koyane (天児屋根命)  to go back with the gods. She agreed, and light came back to the earth.

Uzume is still worshipped today as a Shinto kami. She is also known as Ame-no-Uzume, _The Great Persuader_, and _The Heavenly Alarming Female_.

## See Also

- Ōmiya-no-Me

## Other websites

- A substantial article on this subject
- A one-paragraph glossary entry in Italian
Susanoo-no-Mikoto

**Susanoo** (Japanese: 須佐之男命, _Susanoo-no-Mikoto_; also romanized as _Susano'o_, _Susa-no-O_, and _Susanowo_) is the kami of the sea and storms in Shinto.

Susano'o is the brother of Amaterasu, the goddess of the sun, and of Tsukuyomi, the god of the moon. All three were created from Izanagi, when he washed his face to clean the dirtiness of Yomi, the underworld. Amaterasu was born when Izanagi washed out his left eye, Tsukuyomi was born from the washing of the right eye, and Susano'o from the washing of the nose.

The tales tell of great  between Susano'o and his sister. When he was to leave Heaven forever because Izanagi ordered him to, he went to say goodbye to his sister. Amaterasu, suspicious, proposed him a challenge: each of them was to turn an object of the other's into people. Amaterasu created three women from Susano'o's sword while he created five men from her necklace. Amaterasu said the men were hers because they were born of her necklace. Susano'o destroyed her rice fields, threw a dead pony into her loom, and killed one of her assistants in anger. For this, Amaterasu, sad, angry and scared, went to hide inside Ama-no-Iwato, the _"heavenly rock cave"_, so the Sun was hidden and the world became dark for a long time.

Amaterasu later was made to come out of the cave, but Susano'o was punished by being banished from Heaven. He came down to the province of Izumo, where he met an old couple. Seven of their eight daughters had been eaten by the eight-headed serpent Yamata-no-Orochi and it was about to come for the eighth, Kushi-inada-hime. After the couple promised their daughter's hand in marriage to Susano'o, he agreed to kill Orochi. With the help of eight bowls of _sake_ (one for each head), Susano'o cut the head off the monster when it was sleeping.

From one of Orochi's tails, Susano'o took out a sword, which he called _Ame-no-Murakumo-no-Tsurugi_ ("Heaven's Cloud-Gathering Sword"), later known as the _Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi_. The sword was given to Amaterasu as a  gift and was later given to her descendant Ninigi (the great-grandfather of Emperor Jimmu), with the _Yata-no-Kagami_ (a mirror) and _magatama_ (sacred jewels) as proof of his divine right to rule on Earth (the three Imperial Regalia of Japan).

## Izumo

Amaterasu's shrine is at Ise Shrine, and Susano'o's is in Izumo, where he came down to Earth when banished from heaven. Izumo is home to the oldest shrines in Japan.

## In popular culture

In a Meitei language play named _Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba_ (), the role of Susanoo was played by _Romario Thoudam Paona_. The play interweaves the stories of two legendary creatures, Yamata-no-Orochi of Japanese mythology and Keibu Keioiba of Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology).
Ninigi-no-Mikoto

**Ninigi no Mikoto** (瓊瓊杵尊) is in Japanese mythology the son of Ame no Oshihomimi no Mikoto, and grandson of Amaterasu, who sent him down to earth to plant rice there. He was the great-grandfather of Emperor Jimmu.

## Overview

Amaterasu sent him to bring peace to Japan by bringing the three gifts from Heaven used by the emperor.  The sword, Kusanagi, the mirror, Yata no kagami, and the jewel, Yasakani no magatama.  These three gifts mean to the world that the emperor is the descendant of Amaterasu herself.

The tale of Ninigi no Mikoto being sent to earth is told in the Nihon Shoki.
Preston

**Preston** is a city in North West England which is the county town of Lancashire. It is near the River Ribble. It became a city in 2002. This was the 50th year of Queen Elizabeth II's reign.

Chorley and Leyland are towns not far away from Preston. In 2001, a census said that there were 335,000 people living in Preston.

## History

In 1179, Preston was given a charter (document) which let the town's trader travel around the United Kingdom without paying tolls.

Preston Guild is held in Preston. The chief industry of Preston was formerly the making of cotton cloth. The Preston bypass (road around the city) was built in the 1950s. Among the important buildings in Preston are the Harris Museum, Art Gallery and Public Library, and the county council's headquarters. Preston railway station is an importance junction on the west coast main line; the M6 motorway connects Preston to Cumbria (northwards) and Cheshire (southwards).

## Sports

The football team in Preston is Preston North End F.C. which plays at Deepdale. They were the first team to be English football champions in 1889.

## Education

Preston is home to the University of Central Lancashire, established in 1828 and originally being called The Institution For The Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. It is one of the largest universities in the UK, having around 38,000 staff and students.
Onryō

**Onryō** (怨霊) is a Japanese ghost (_Yūrei_, 幽霊) who is believed to be able to return to the world of the living to seek revenge. Some onryō are male, mostly in Kabuki, but most of them are women. They usually suffer at the hands of their male lovers when they were alive, because they were weak, but they become strong in death.

In Japanese tradition, the spiritual world has Yomi (hell) on one side and the world of the living in the other. In the middle, there is a waiting area, like a purgatory, where spirits lie in doubt before moving on. Some spirits, especially those of murdered people, can go back to the world of the living, influenced by feelings of anger, sadness, or love.

Onryō and yūrei do not have a particular look. But the popularity of Kabuki in the Edo period meant that a costume was created to show what they look like. This usually included a white burial kimono, long and black, messy hair, and white and purple make-up. The influence of this image can be seen in modern movies about Onryō, like _Ring_.

## References

- Iwasaka, Michiko and Toelken, Barre.  _Ghosts and the Japanese: Cultural Experiences in Japanese Death Legends_, Utah State University Press, 1994.

## Other websites

- Tales of Ghostly Japan  _Japanzine_ By Zack Davisson
- Japanese Ghosts _Mangajin #40_ by Tim Screech
- Yūrei-ga gallery at Zenshoan Temple
British Chinese

**British Chinese**, also **Chinese British**, **Chinese Britons** or **British-born Chinese** (often informally referred to as **BBCs**), are people of Chinese ancestry who were born in or have moved to the United Kingdom. According to the 2001 census, there are 247,403 British Chinese people living in the United Kingdom, who make up almost 0.5% of the country's population.
British African-Caribbean people

The **British African-Caribbean (Afro-Caribbean) community** are residents of the United Kingdom who are of British West Indian background and whose ancestors came first from Africa. Around 566,000 people fitted that description in 2001.  in the 2021 Census 623,119 people in England and Wales described themselves in this way.

These people are often called Black British.
Flag of Switzerland

**Switzerland’s national flag** was adopted on December 12, 1889, which is one of the world’s oldest flags. The **Flag of Switzerland** is a red field, a white cross whose arms are one-sixth longer than their width. The relationship between the span of the cross and the width of the flag has not been established, but in practice the ratio is about 2:3 or 7:10.

## History

The Swiss cross on a red field ultimately derives from a similar banner of the Holy Roman Empire, and thus has strong Christian connotations. The Swiss flag traditionally stands for freedom, honour and fidelity. The motto "_Honor et Fidelitas_" was inscribed on the cross of several Swiss mercenary flags of the 18th century. In modern times, through association with consistent Swiss policy, the flag has also come to mean neutrality, democracy, peace and refuge.

## Infobox (flag)

- **image**: Flag of Switzerland.svg
- **image2**: Civil Ensign of Switzerland.svg
- **proportion**: 1:1
- **proportion2**: 2:3
- **name**: Swiss Confederation
- **use**: National flag
- **use2**: State and Civil flag
M6

**M6** or **M-6** may mean:

In roads:

- M6 motorway, a motorway in the United Kingdom
- M6 Toll, a toll motorway in the United Kingdom that relieves traffic on the M6 motorway
- M6 (Ireland), a motorway-grade section of the N6 road in the Republic of Ireland
- M6 motorway (Hungary), a motorway in Hungary
- M-6 (Michigan highway), a state highway in southern Michigan
- Russian route M6 is another name for the Caspian Highway in Russia
Nurhaci

**Taizu Emperor** (, 1559 - 1626) was the founding father of the Qing Dynasty. His name was **Nurhaci** and Aisin Gioro was his surname. The reign name was Tian Ming. Nurhaci was Manchurian. He was also the creator of the Manchu alphabet.

## Life

In 1580, Nurhaci became the Jianzhou general of the Ming Dynasty. He unified the Manchu tribe and organised the Eight Banners.

In 1616, Nurhaci declared himself **Khan** (King) and founded the Jin Dynasty in Liaoning.

In 1618, in order to encourage people to against the Ming Dynasty. Nurhaci wrote an article called the Seven Great Vexations and sent it to the public.

Form 1618 until 1622, Nurhaci led armies to against the Ming Dynasty. He successfully occupied 70 cities in the north-eastern part of China. The capital was changed to Liao Yang after several battles.

In 1622, Nurhaci's armies captured Guangning.

In 1626, Nurhaci led armies to attack the Ningyuan city. Unluckily, Nurhaci was wounded by Yuan Chonghuan's Portuguese cannon and he died 2 days later at a little town called De-A Man.
Japanese dragon

A **Japanese dragon**, also known as  is a mythical animal from Japan.

Like other creatures called dragons, the Ryū is a big, fantastic animal that looks similar to a serpent, and is related to the Chinese _lóng_ and the Korean _yong_. Like all these Asian dragons, it is shown without wings, has legs with claws, and usually lives in the ocean, the clouds, or heavens. Japanese dragons do not fly as often as the Chinese one, which is the reason why they usually appear much more like serpents. The _ryū_ in art has only three toes, instead of the _lóng's_ five or the _yong's_ four.

Japanese dragons usually live in the sea. This is because Japan is an island, and the sea is present in most of its geography.

_Ryū_ originated from China and is one of the four creatures from heavens of Japanese mythology (the other three are the phoenix, turtle and tiger). It has often been the symbol of the Emperor or of a hero.

## Dragons in Japanese mythology

In Japanese mythology, one of the first dragons is the Yamata-no-Orochi, a very big serpent with eight heads and eight tails. The serpent ate girls, and it was killed by Susanoo after Susanoo tricked the creature into becoming drunk on sake. Dragons are common in Japanese folklore typically in the Edo period (1603 - 1863), but Dragons (Ryu) appear in Japanese Stories back to the 8th century.

Dragons in later Japanese folklore were often good, perhaps because of influence from Chinese culture. In Urashima Tarō, the main character rescues a turtle which turns out to be the son of Ryūjin, the dragon king of the ocean.

## Related pages

- Japanese mythology
Japanese mythology

**Japanese mythology** is a system of beliefs that includes Shinto and Buddhist traditions. The Shinto religion alone has many _kami_ (Japanese for "gods" or "spirits").

Most Japanese myths, as generally known today, are based on the _Kojiki_, _Nihonshoki_ and some other books. The _Kojiki_ or "Record of Ancient Things" is the oldest known book of myths, legends, and history of Japan. The _Shintoshu_ explains origins of Japanese gods and goddesses from a Buddhist point of view while the _Hotsuma Tsutae_ has a very different version of mythology.

One notable thing of Japanese mythology is that it explains birth of Amaterasu, the origin of the Imperial family, and assigned them divinity. The Japanese word for the Emperor of Japan, _tennō_ (天皇), means "heavenly emperor".

## Related pages

- Izanagi
- Shinto
- Shinto shrine
- Kami
- Takamagahara
- Japanese divinities
Huang Taiji

**Huang Taiji** (; 1592 - 1643) was the emperor of Qing Dynasty. His surname was Aisin Gioro. His reign names were **Tian Cong** and **Chong De**. Huang Taiji was the eighth son of Taizu Emperor (Nurhaci). He reigned the Manchu trible from 1627 until 1643.

## Life

In 1612, Huang Taiji followed his father, Nurhaci, to attack Wu La. He was awarded _Beile_, a traditional title of Manchu nobility below prince. In 1616, he was ordered to deal with government affairs with another Beili, Dai Shan. Huang became the _Khan_ (King) of the Manchu trible in n 1626.

In 1636, Huang took control of the southern part of Mongol, the north-eastern part of China and Korea. He started the Qing Dynasty. Huang Taiji died in 1643 of apoplexy.
Japanese folklore

**Japanese folklore** is the folklore of Japan. It is very influenced by Shinto and Buddhism, the two most important religions in the country. It usually includes humorous or strange characters and situations. It also includes many supernatural creatures, such as _kami_ (gods and revered spirits), _yōkai_ (monster-spirits) (like _oni_, _kappa_, and _tengu_), _onryō_ (ghosts), dragons, and animals with supernatural powers like the _kitsune_ (fox), _tanuki_ (raccoon dog), _mujina_ (badger), and _bakeneko_ (transforming cat).

Japanese folklore is often divided into several categories: _"mukashibanashi,"_ tales of long-ago; _"namidabanashi"_, sad stories; _"obakebanashi"_, ghost stories; _"ongaeshibanashi"_, stories of kindness; _"tonchibanashi"_, witty stories; _"waraibanashi"_, funny stories; and _"yokubaribanashi"_, stories of greed.

Some famous Japanese folktales and legends include:

- The story of Kintarō, the superhuman Golden Boy.
- The story of Momotarō, the hero Peach Boy.
- The story of Urashima Tarō, who rescued a turtle and visited the bottom of the sea.
- The story of Issun-Bōshi, the One-inch Boy.
- The story of the evil fox-woman Tamamo-no-Mae.
- The story of Hōmyō dōji who converts a king to Buddhist
- Shita-kiri Suzume, the story of the sparrow with its tongue cut off.
- The story of Kiyohime, who wanted revenge, and who became a dragon.
- Banchō Sarayashiki, the ghost story of Okiku and the Nine Plates.
- Yotsuya Kaidan, the ghost story of Oiwa.
- Kachi-kachi Yama, the story of an evil raccoon-dog and a heroic rabbit.
- Hanasaka Jiisan, the story of the old man that made the flowers bloom
- Kuchisake onna, the story of the slit mouthed woman.

## Related pages

- Japanese mythology
Meiji period

The , also known as the **Meiji era**, was a  after _Keiō_ and before _Taishō._ This period started in September 1868 and ended in July 1912.  During this time, the emperor was .

The _nengō_ _Meiji_ means "Enlightened Rule" or "Enlightened Government".

## Events of the _Meiji_ period

The years in which Meiji was the Japanese monarch comprise this modern period or era.
- **1868** (_Meiji 1_): Meiji Restoration; the capital of Japan moved from Kyoto to Tokyo.
- **1889-1890** (_Meiji 22-23_): Constitution of the Empire of Japan
- **1894-1895** (_Meiji 27-28_): First Sino-Japanese War
- **1904-1905** (_Meiji 37-38_): Russo-Japanese War
- **30 July 1912** (_Meiji 45, 30th day of the 7th month_): Meiji died.

### Politics

- **1885** (_Meiji 18_): Ito Hirobumi became 1st Prime Minister
- **1888** (_Meiji 21_): Kuroda Kiyotaka became 2nd Prime Minister
- **1889** (_Meiji 22_): Yamagata Aritomo became 3rd Prime Minister
- **1891** (_Meiji 24_): Matsukata Masayoshi became 4th Prime Minister
- **1892** (_Meiji 25_): Ito became 5th Prime Minister
- **1896** (_Meiji 29_): Matsukata became 6th Prime Minister
- **1898** (_Meiji 31_): Ito became 7th Prime Minister
- **1898** (_Meiji 31_): Ōkuma Shigenobu became 8th Prime Minister
- **1898** (_Meiji 31_): Yamagata became 9th Prime Minister
- **1900** (_Meiji 33_): Ito became 10th Prime Minister
- **1901** (_Meiji 34_): Katsura Tarō became 11th Prime Minister
- **1906** (_Meiji 39_): Saionji Kinmochi became 12th Prime Minister
- **1908** (_Meiji 41_): Katsura became 13th Prime Minister
- **1911** (_Meiji 44_): Saionji became 14th Prime Minister

## Related pages

- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese era name

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Meiji|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|8th|9th|10th|11th|12th|13th|14th|15th|16th|17th|18th|19th|20th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1868|1869|1870|1871|1872|1873|1874|1875|1876|1877|1878|1879|1880|1881|1882|1883|1884|1885|1886|1887|

|Meiji|21st|22nd|23rd|24th|25th|26th|27th|28th|29th|30th|31th|32th|33th|34th|35th|36th|37th|38th|39th|40th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1888|1889|1890|1891|1892|1893|1894|1895|1896|1897|1898|1899|1900|1901|1902|1903|1904|1905|1906|1907|

|Meiji|41st|42nd|43rd|44th|45th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1908|1909|1910|1911|1912|
Pheasant

**Pheasants** are a group of large birds in the order Galliformes. Males pheasants are usually larger and flashier than the females. They have feathers of bright colours and long tails.

There are 35 species of pheasant in 11 different genera. Native pheasants are restricted to Eurasia.

In many countries pheasant species are hunted, often illegally, as game. Several species are threatened by this and other human activities.

Chukar is the official _National bird_ of Pakistan.

## Implications

The fact is that "pheasant" is not the name of a particular bird. It is the common name for a type of bird which has independently evolved in many different places.

## References

- Beebe, William. 1918-22. _A Monograph of the Pheasants._ 1st edition in 4 volumes: H. F. Witherby, London. Reprint: 1990, Dover Publications.(4 volumes bound as 2).  and . Republished as: _Pheasants: Their Lives and Homes_. 2 vols. 1926. Single volume edition: New York Zoological Society, 1936.)
- Green-Armytage, Stephen. 2002. _Extraordinary Pheasants_.  Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York.  .
- Madge and McGowan, _Pheasants, Partridges and Grouse_.

## Other websites

- Birdlife International status page
- Illinois State Academy of Science (ISAS)
- Pheasants & Peafowl - Aviculture & Conservation
- Pheasant videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- Pheasant Information and Photos - South Dakota Birds and Birding
- Pheasant Conservation
AOC

**AOC** can mean:

- AOC International
- Age of consent for sexual relationships
- Air Operations Center - United States Air Force command and control (C2) system
- Albanian Orthodox Church
- Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (born 1989), American politician
- Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain (born 1993), English footballer
- _Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée_, a certification for French agricultural products
- Army Ordnance Corps, the predecessor of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps (RAOC) of the British Army
- Articles of Confederation
Galena (disambiguation)

**Galena** is a mineral and an important lead ore.

**Galena** could also mean:

- Places in the United States:
    - Galena, Alaska
    - Galena, Illinois
    - Galena, Kansas
    - Galena, Maryland
    - Galena, Missouri
    - Galena, Ohio
- Bodies of water in the United States:
    - Lake Galena (Illinois)
    - Lake Galena (Pennsylvania)
    - Galena River (Illinois)
    - Galena River (Indiana)
- USS _Galena_, United States Navy ships
- Ivax Pharmaceuticals, a company previously known as Galena.
Polytonality

**Polytonality** is the use in music of several keys at the same time.  Music such as this is called **polytonal**.

**Bitonality** is the use in music of two keys at the same time.  Music such as this is called **bitonal**.

Most traditional music is "in a particular key" e.g. in "C major" or in "D major" or in "D minor".  Music that is in C major uses the notes of a C major scale.

In 20th century some composers sometimes wrote music which is in more than one key at once.  A well-known example is the beginning of the second tableau of Igor Stravinsky's ballet, _Petrushka_. The first clarinet plays a melody that uses the notes of the C major chord, while the second clarinet plays a different version of the same melody using the notes of the F sharp major chord.

Composers who have used bitonality or polytonality include Igor Stravinsky, Darius Milhaud, Béla Bartók, Charles Ives and many others.
Teddy Randazzo

**Teddy Randazzo** (May 13, 1935 – November 21, 2003) was an American singer, songwriter and record producer, best known for his work in the 1950s and 1960s. One of the groups he worked with was Little Anthony and the Imperials.

Randazzo appeared as himself in a 1962 movie, _Don't Knock the Twist_, which was about the Twist craze of the early 1960s.
Police station

A **police station** is a building where police officers work. Other members of the law enforcement may work there as well. These buildings often contain offices and accommodation for staff.

A small police station may have nothing apart from office space. Some police stations have cells for holding people who have been arrested. They may also have special rooms for interviewing people and rooms for storing evidence.
Twist (dance)

"**The Twist**" was a song written by Hank Ballard. Ballard's version of the song was not a hit, but a cover version by Chubby Checker became an international hit and made the dance very popular.

Checker followed with "Let's Twist Again", which was another huge hit.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: The Twist
- **artist**: Chubby Checker
- **album**: Twist With Chubby Checker
- **released**: June 1960
- **recorded**: 1960
- **genre**: Rock and roll
- **label**: Parkway Records 811
- **writer**: Hank Ballard
- **producer**: Dave Appell
The Kingsmen

**The Kingsmen** were a popular American band of the early 1960s. Their most famous hit was "Louie, Louie". Many people believed the song contained obscenity or suggestive lyrics, and tried to have the song banned. An American court decided the song was not obscene, and the controversy over the song only helped to promote sales of the record.

The Kingsmen had other hits, including "Jolly Green Giant", a parody of the mascot of Green Giant vegetables. They appeared in a movie, _How to Stuff a Wild Bikini_, accompanying Annette Funicello onstage.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Kingsmen
- **img**: The Kingsmen 1966.jpg
- **img capt**: The Kingsmen in 1966
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Portland, Oregon, United States
- **genre**: Garage rock
- **years active**: 1959–present
- **label**: Jerden, Wand Records, Wand, Sundazed Records, Sundazed
- **url**: [http://www.louielouie.org/ www.louielouie.org]
- **current members**: Mike Mitchell (1959-present)
Dick Peterson (1963-present)
Steve Peterson (1988-present)
Todd McPherson (1992-present)
Dennis Mitchell (2006-present)
- **past members**: Lynn Easton (1959-1967)
Jack Ely (1959-1963)
Bob Nordby (1959-1963)
Don Gallucci (1962-1963)
Gary Abbott (1962-1963)
Norm Sundholm (1963-1967)
Barry Curtis (1963-2005)
Kerry Magness(1966-1967)
J.C. Reick (1966-1967)
Turley Richards (1967)
Pete Borg (1967)
Jeff Beals (1967-1968)
Steve Friedson (1967-1973)
Fred Dennis (1972-1984)
Andy Parypa (1982-1984)
Kim Nicklaus (1982-1984)
Marc Willett (1984-1992)
Keith Blake (1994-1999)
Obscenity

**Obscenity** is a term that is used to describe words, images or actions that offend the sexual morality most people have or had at the time. The word is often used in a legal context. The word goes back to the Latin _obscenus_, which meant "foul, repulsive, or detestable".

Even though the word has been used with a sexual connotation for a long time, it can still have the meaning of "inspiring disgust". This is true in expressions such as "obscene profits" or "the obscenity of war". It can simply be used to mean profanity, or it can mean anything that is taboo, indecent, abhorrent, or disgusting.

The definition of what is thought of as obscene depends on the culture. Different communities and individuals may have different ideas of what is obscene and what is not. The definition of what is considered obscene also changes with time. Things that were obscene at one time no longer are at another.

Many cultures have made laws to define what is considered to be obscene. Censorship is often used to try to suppress or control materials that are obscene under these definitions. These usually include pornographic material.

## Related pages

- Profanity
- Blasphemy
Hank Ballard

**Hank Ballard** (November 18, 1936 - March 2, 2003) was an American singer and songwriter. One of his songs, "The Twist", became a huge hit for singer Chubby Checker. The Twist dance became very popular.
Disciples of Christ

The **Disciples of Christ** are an American Christian denomination of churches, which began in the 1800s. Disciples churches welcome members of other churches, and members of the public, to their services. Their most famous slogan is "We are not the only Christians; we are Christians only." Their current identity statement is "We are a movement for wholeness in a fragmented world. As part of the one Body of Christ, we welcome all to the Lord’s Table as God has welcomed us."

The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) started in Indianapolis, Indiana. Disciples of Christ is a mainline church, and is a member of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA (NCC).

Fifteen colleges and seven seminaries and divinity houses.
Bruno Bauer

**Bruno Bauer** (6 September 1809 – 13 April 1882) was a German philosopher and theologian. He studied the New Testament in depth influenced by philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.
Zsa Zsa Gábor

**Zsa Zsa Gábor** (6 February 1917 – 18 December 2016) was a Hungarian-American actress and socialite. Her older sister Magda and younger sister Eva were also actresses and socialites.

In 1936 Gábor won the Miss Hungary competition. She was married nine times. In 1986 she married Frédéric Prinz von Anhalt. She had one child, Constance Francesca Hilton.

On 18 December 2016, at 6:00 am, Gabor died while in a coma at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California from cardiopulmonary arrest complicated by coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease, aged 99. Her ashes were buried at the Westwood Memorial Park Cemetery in Beverly Hills, California on 30 December.

## Other websites

- Zsa Zsa Gabor News

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Zsa Zsa Gabor - 1959.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Gabor in 1959
- **birth name**: Sári Gábor
- **birth place**: Budapest, Austria-Hungary
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, United States, U.S.
- **death cause**: Cardiopulmonary arrest complicated by coronary artery disease, coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease
- **spouse**: Burhan Asaf Belge
<small>(1937-1941)</small>
Conrad Hilton
<small>(1942-1947)</small>
George Sanders
<small>(1949-1954)</small>
Herbert Hutner
<small>(1962-1966)</small>
Joshua S. Cosden, Jr.
<small>(1966-1967)</small>
Jack Ryan (designer), Jack Ryan
<small>(1975-1976)</small>
Michael O'Hara
<small>(1976-1982)</small>
Felipe de Alba
<small>(1983-1983)</small>
Frédéric von Anhalt
<small>(1986- 2016)</small>
- **awards**: **Golden Globe Awards**
* Special Award
:1958 Most Glamorous Actress
- **children**: Francesca Hilton
- **parents**: Vilmos and Jolie Gabor
- **relatives**: Magda Gabor, Eva Gabor (sisters, dead)
- **occupation**: Actress
- **nationality**: Hungarian American
Brittany Snow

**Brittany Anne Snow** (born March 9, 1986) is an American television and movie actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Meg Pryor in _American Dreams_, Daisy Lemay in _Guiding Light_, Kate Spencer in _John Tucker Must Die_, Amber Von Tussle in _Hairspray_, Donna Keppel in _Prom Night_ and Jenna Backstrom in the NBC television series _Harry's Law_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Brittany Snow
- **image**: Brittany Snow in 2009.jpg
- **caption**: Snow at the 2009 The Heart Truth fashion show
- **birthname**: Brittany Anne Snow
- **birth place**: Tampa, Florida, United States
- **occupation**: Actress, Singer
- **yearsactive**: 1995–present
Desk

A **desk** is a piece of furniture where someone can sit and write, often with drawers or other places to put books, papers, pencils, pens and other things. Unlike a table, there is only one side of the desk where somebody could sit.

Desks come in many different sizes. There is a Armoire desk, which is very big. There is also a portable desk which is very small. Desks can be used at home. They can also be used in an office. Desks may also be used in schools.

A computer desk will have a computer inside or on top. The keyboard and mouse will pull out from underneath the desk.

ro:Birou (mobilier)
Coles Supermarkets

**Coles Supermarkets** is an Australian supermarket chain owned by Wesfarmers (Coles Group before it was taken over on 23 November 2007).  With over 750 stores nationally and more than 60,000 employees, Coles currently has the second-biggest market share behind Woolworths Supermarkets.

## Related pages

- Coles Group
- Wesfarmers
- Coles Express
- Bi-Lo
- Liquorland

## Other websites

- Coles Supermarkets
- Coles Near Me

## Infobox (company)

- **company name**: Coles Supermarkets
- **company logo**: Coles supermarket at Kurralta Central, Adelaide.jpg
- **company type**: Supermarket
- **foundation**: 1914
- **location**: Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia
- **num employees**: 59,000+
- **industry**: Retail
- **products**: Food
Empire of Nicaea

The **Empire of Nicaea** () was the largest of the Byzantine Greek states founded by the nobility of the Byzantine Empire after Constantinople was conquered during the Fourth Crusade. It lasted from 1204 to 1261.

Founded by the Laskaris Dynasty it would be the Byzantine rump-state to recapture Constantinople in 1261 and reform the Byzantine Empire and is seen as the continuation of the Byzantine Empire.

The Despotate of Epirus contested the claim in 1224 and became the Empire of Thessalonica, but was forced to renounce their claim by the Nicenes in 1242. The Empire of Trebizond declared its independence a few weeks before the Sack of Constantinople in 1204, ended their claim of being a continuation of the Byzantines in the Treaty of 1282.

## Infobox (former country)

- **conventional long name**: Empire of Nicaea
- **common name**: Nicaea
- **region**: Mediterranean
- **era**: High Medieval
- **government type**: Monarchy
- **year start**: 1204
- **year end**: 1261
- **date end**: July
- **p1**: Byzantine Empire
- **s1**: Byzantine Empire
- **image map**: LatinEmpire2.png
- **image map caption**: The Empire of Nicaea in 1204, shortly after the Fourth Crusade
- **capital**: Nicaea (city), Nicaea
- **common languages**: Greek language, Greek
- **religion**: Eastern Orthodox Church
- **leader1**: Theodore I Lascaris
- **leader2**: John III Ducas Vatatzes
- **leader3**: Theodore II Lascaris
- **leader4**: John IV Lascaris
- **leader5**: Michael VIII Palaeologus
- **year leader1**: 1204 – 1222
- **year leader2**: 1222 – 1254
- **year leader3**: 1254 – 1258
- **year leader4**: 1258 – 1261
- **year leader5**: 1259 – 1261
- **title leader**: Emperor
National Stock Exchange of India

The** National Stock Exchange** of India Limited (**NSE**), is a Mumbai-based stock exchange. It is the biggest stock exchange in India and the third biggest in the world in terms of amounts of transactions. NSE is mutually-owned by  banks, insurance companies and other financial intermediaries in India but its ownership and management operate as separate groups. As of 2006, the NSE VSAT terminals, 2799 in total, covered more than 1500 cities across India. In July 2007,it had a total market capitalization of 42,74,509 crore INR making it the second-largest stock market in South Asia.

## Origins

The National Stock Exchange of India was promoted by leading Financial institutions at the behest of the Government of India, and was incorporated in November 1992 as a tax-paying company. In April 1993, it was recognized as a stock exchange under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. It started operations in the Wholesale Debt Market in June 1994. The Equities part started in November 1994, while the Derivatives segment commenced in June 2000.

## Innovations

- The first national, anonymous, electronic limit order book exchange to trade securities in India. Since the success of the NSE, existent market and new market structures have followed the "NSE" model.
- Setting up the first clearing corporation "National Securities Clearing Corporation Ltd." in India. National Securities Clearing Corporation Ltd. was a landmark in all spot equity market (and later, derivatives market) trades in India.
- Co-promoting and setting up of National Securities Depository Limited, first depository in India.
- Setting up S&P CNX Nifty.
- NSE pioneered  Internet trading in February 2000, which  led to the wide popularization of the NSE in the broker community.
- The first exchange that, in 1996, proposed exchange traded derivatives, particularly on an equity index, in India. After four years of policy and regulatory debate and formulation, the NSE was permitted to start trading equity derivatives three days after the BSE.
- The first exchange to trade exchange traded funds in India.
- NSE  launched the NSE-CNBC-TV18 media centre in association with CNBC-TV18, a leading business news channel in India.

## Certifications

NSE also conducts online examination and awards certifications, under its programmes of NSE's Certification in Financial Markets (NCFM)http://www.nse-india.com/ . Currently, certifications are available in 9 modules, covering different sectors of financial and capital markets. The branches of the NSE are located throughout India.

## Other websites

- Technical Analysis site
- Official site
John Whedon

**John Ogden Whedon** (November 5, 1905 – November 21, 1991) was an American screenwriter. He was best known for his writing for the television series _The Donna Reed Show_ during the 1950s. Whedon wrote for _The Andy Griffith Show_, _The Dick Van Dyke Show_ and _Leave It To Beaver_. He was the father of screenwriter Tom Whedon. He was the grandfather of screenwriter and director Joss Whedon and screenwriter Zack Whedon.