juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tiraspol

**Tiraspol** (Russian: Тирасполь and Ukrainian: Тираспіль) is the second biggest city of Moldova and the capital city of Pridnestrovie.
Sokhumi

**Sokhumi** or **Sukhumi** () is the capital and largest city of the breakaway independent state of Abkhazia.

Sokhumi was a multi-ethnic city. The people were Georgians, Abkhazians (Apsuans), Russians, Turks, Armenians and Greeks during Soviet Rule. During the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict, Georgians in Abkhazia were forced to leave. Most Greeks have also left.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Sokhumi
- **native name**:

- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Sokhumi Collage.jpg
- **image seal**: Gerb Sukhum.png
- **map caption**: location of Sokhumi within Abkhazia
- **pushpin map**: Abkhazia#Georgia
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Sokhumi in Georgia
- **pushpin mapsize**: 280
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Georgia (country), Georgia
- **subdivision type1**: Partially recognized state
- **subdivision name1**: Abkhazia
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Beslan Eshba
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 6th century BC
- **established title2**: City Status
- **established date2**: 1848
- **area total km2**: 27
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 62,914
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Moscow Time, MSK
- **utc offset**: +4
- **elevation max m**: 140
- **elevation min m**: 5
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 384900
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Abkhazia, Area code
- **area code**: +7 840 22x-xx-xx
- **registration plate**: ABH
Tskhinvali

**Tskhinvali** is the capital city of South Ossetia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Tskhinvali
- **native name**:

- **image skyline**: Tskhinval.jpg
- **image caption**: Tskhinvali
- **pushpin map**: South Ossetia#Shida Kartli#Georgia (country)
- **mapsize**: 280px
- **map caption**: Location of Tskhinvali
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: South Ossetia (_de facto_)
Georgia (country), Georgia (_de jure_)
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 1398
- **area total km2**: 7.4
- **population total**: 30000
- **population density km2**: auto
- **elevation m**: 860
- **timezone**: Moscow time
- **utc offset**: +3
- **blank name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank info**: Oceanic climate, Cfb
Mariehamn

**Mariehamm** () is the capital city of the Åland Islands, an autonomous region in Finland. As of January 2014, more than 11,400 people lived in Mariehamm. Many ships sail between Mariehamn and the port of Turku.

## Other websites

- infopage
Funchal

**Funchal** is the capital city of Madeira, part of Portugal.  It is also the largest city of Madeira with 111,892 people.

Funchal is in a valley.  It has even temperatures all year round.  There is a rainier and slightly cooler season from October through March.  A drier and warmer season lasts from April through September.

## Transportation

The harbor of Funchal used to be the only major port in Madeira. In 2007 cargo trade was moved to the port of Caniçal, 19 kilometers to the east. Funchal still serves cruise ships, ferries, and other tourist-related boats and yachts.

A highway to Câmara de Lobos and Ribeira Brava is to the west. Santa Cruz, Machico and Caniçal can be reached to the east.

Madeira Airport is east of the city, in the municipality of Santa Cruz.

## Infobox (portuguese subdivision)

- **type**: municipality
- **name**: Funchal
- **image skyline**: Madeira_19_2014.jpg
- **image caption**: A January 2014 panoramic view of Funchal
- **image flag**: FlagofFunchal.png
- **image shield**: FNC.png
- **image map**: Location FNC.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Madeira
- **region**: Madeira
- **island**: Madeira Island, Madeira
- **parishes**: #Human geography, 10
- **leader name**: Pedro Calado
- **established date**: Settlement: c.1424
Town: c.1452–1454
Municipality: c.1508
- **area total km2**: 76.15
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population total**: 105795
- **postal code**: 9000
- **area code**: 291
Simferopol

**Simferopol** () was the capital city of Crimea, Ukraine. It became the capital city of the Republic of Crimea on March 11, 2014.
Chess boxing

**Chess boxing** is a mixed sport which puts together the sport of boxing with games of chess in every other round. Chess boxing fights have been done since early 2003. The sport was started when Dutch artist Iepe Rubingh, given the idea by a similar sport in the writing of Enki Bilal, started actual matches. The sport has become more well known since then. To do well at chess boxing, players must be both good chess players and good boxers.

## Structure and rules

A match between two players is made up of up to 11 rounds of boxing and chess sessions, starting with a four-minute chess round followed by two minutes of boxing and so on. Between rounds there is a one-minute pause, during which the players change their gear. The form of chess played is rapid chess in which each player has a total of twelve minutes for the whole game. Players may win by knocking out the other player, checkmate, a judge's choice, or if the other player runs out of chess time. If a player does not make a move in the round of chess, he will be given a warning by the referee and he must then make a move in the next 10 seconds.

## History

The idea was started in 1992 by cartoonist Enki Bilal, and a match of chess boxing was a big story part of his graphic novel _Froid Équateur_. Iepe Rubingh, a Dutch artist, took the idea from Bilal's book and started the sport in the spring of 2001. Rubingh decided that the method of play in the book, a boxing match with a chess match after, was not very good. Rubingh made the rules so a round of chess would come after a round of boxing.

The World Chess Boxing Organisation (WCBO), keeps control of the sport. The first world championship was in Amsterdam in 2003 and was won by Iepe Rubingh, the starter of the sport. The First European Chess Boxing Championship took place in Berlin on October 1, 2005 when Tihomir Atanassov Dovramadjiev of Bulgaria beat Andreas D'Schneider of Germany after D'Schneider gave up in the seventh round.

In April 2008, the World Chess Federation, FIDE, posted a video on its website in which its president Kirsan Ilyumzhinov played a friendly chess boxing match in Elista. Also in April 2008 the UK's first Chess Boxing club was started in London by Great Britain Chess Boxing Organisation founder Tim Woolgar. In July 2008 in Berlin, a 19-year old Russian mathematics student Nikolai Sazhin won the title of "World Champion" in chess boxing by beating Frank Stoldt. Stoldt resigned in the 5th round after losing his queen.
Iepe Rubingh

**Iepe B. T. Rubingh** (; 17 August 1974 – 9 May 2020) was a Dutch artist who was best known for starting chess boxing in 2003. He was born in Rotterdam.

Rubingh died on 9 May 2020 in Berlin, aged 45.

## Other websites

- His own website
- An interview with the artist
Teresa Stratas

**Teresa Stratas** (born May 26, 1938) is a Canadian soprano opera singer and actress. She was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Stratas has won 3 Grammy Awards and been nominated for a Tony Award
Beth Groundwater

**Beth Groundwater** is an American author who has written two novels in the Claire Hanover gift basket designer mystery series, _A Real Basket Case_ and _To Hell in a Handbasket_. The first, published in March, 2007, was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007.  The sequel, _To Hell in a Handbasket_ was published in May, 2009.  She writes in the Mystery genre, and has also written several short stories.

## Writing career

Groundwater first began writing fiction in the fifth grade, and in high school took an outside study in English.  She went to the College of William and Mary and got a degree in Psychology and Computer Science in 1978.  She worked in another job until 1999, then she chose to become a writer.

After going to a few writers' meetings, she began writing short stories.  Seven were published before she met a literary agent who agreed to publish her first novel, _A Real Basket Case_.  It was published in 2007, and was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007.  Of her short stories, eight have been published and one was written in Farsi.  Another of Groundwater's short stories has been made into a live play.

## Awards

Groundwater's writings have won several awards.  Her first novel was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007.  Groundwater's short stories have won awards also. Her short story "New Zealand" won first place in the 2003 PPW Paul Gillette Memorial Writing Contest, and was the winner of the Rocky Mountain Fiction Writers Short Story Anthology Contest.  "Flamingo Fatality" won the Great Manhattan Mysteries Conclave Short Story Anthology Contest in 2005, and her 2005 short story "Lucky Bear" was first in the Storyteller Magazine Flash Fiction Contest.
Yanina Batyrchina

**Yana (Yanina) Batyrshina** (Russian:Яна (Янина) Фархадовна Батыршина, born October 07, 1979 in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union)  is a former Individual Rhythmic Gymnast. She competed for Russia. She was born to Tatar father and Jewish mother.

## Infobox (gymnast)

- **gymnastname**: Yanina Batyrchina
- **birthplace**: Tashkent
- **height**: 5'5
- **discipline**: RG
- **formercoach**: Irina Viner
A Real Basket Case

***A Real Basket Case*** is a fictional mystery novel that was written by Beth Groundwater. It was published by Five Star Publishing on March 21, 2007. It was later re-published in large print in January 2008. The novel follows the story of Claire Hanover who sets out to find out who murdered her husband.

It was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007. The sequel, _To Hell in a Handbasket_ is scheduled to be published in 2009.

## Awards

Even though Beth Groundwater won the Princess of Rejection prize from the Sisters in Crime Guppies Chapter for having the second most rejections for her writings in the winter of 2005, _A Real Basket Case_ was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007.

## Reviews

The novel got good reviews in several large newspapers. Barbara Bibel from Booklist review said that, "This will appeal to Desperate Housewives fans and those who like cozies with a bit of spice." Kirkus Reviews called _A Real Basket Case_ "A tense, exciting debut." Author J.B. Thompson praised the novel, but he also said the main character could have been written better.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: A Real Basket Case
- **author**: Beth Groundwater
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Mystery
- **publisher**: Five Star Publishing
- **pub date**: March 21, 2007
Right Now (Leon Jackson album)

***Right Now*** is the debut studio album by Scottish singer Leon Jackson. The album was released on 17 October 2008 in Ireland and on 20 October 2008 in the United Kingdom. The album peaked at number 4 on the UK Albums Chart and number 7 on the Irish Albums Chart.

## Singles

"When You Believe" was released as the lead single from the album on 19 December 2007. The song peaked at number 1 on the UK Singles Chart and Irish Singles Chart. "Don't Call This Love" was released as the second single from the album on 11 October 2008. The song peaked at number 3 on the UK Singles Chart and number 8 on the Irish Singles Chart. "Creative" was released in November 2008 as the third single from the album, peaking at number 94 on the UK Singles Chart. "Stargazing" was released as the fourth and final single from the album on 19 January 2009.

## Charts

|scope="col"|Chart (2008)|scope="col"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|7||||

## Release history

|Region|Release date|Format|Label||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|17 October 2008|rowspan="2"|CD, digital download|rowspan="2"|Syco Music, Sony BMG|
|20 October 2008|||||

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Right Now
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Leon Jackson
- **released**: 20 October 2008
- **recorded**: 2007-08
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, jazz, soul music, soul
- **length**: 47:54
- **label**: Syco Music, Syco, Sony BMG
- **producer**: Steve Mac
Leon Jackson

**Leon Jackson** (born 30 December 1988) is a Scottish singer. He won the 2007 UK series of the television show _The X Factor_. His debut single "When You Believe" peaked at number one in Scotland, Ireland and the United Kingdom, where it became the Christmas number one of 2007. His debut studio album, _Right Now_, peaked at number two in Scotland and number four on the UK Albums Chart. The album includes the singles "When You Believe", "Don't Call This Love", "Creative" and "Stargazing".

## Early life

Leon Jackson was born in Whitburn, West Lothian, Scotland on 30 December 1998. He previously worked as retail sales assistant with Gap. He supports Rangers FC. At the age of 10 he got his black belt. Before _X Factor_, he was planning to attend Edinburgh Napier University to study architectural technology.

### 2007: The X Factor

In 2007, Leon Jackson auditioned for the fourth series of _The X Factor_ in Glasgow, he went on to win the competition, after winning Jackson got a £1 million contract with Simon Cowell's company Syco. His winners single "When You Believe", a cover of a song sung by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey, reached number one on the UK Singles Chart.

### 2008–2009: _Right Now_

He released his second single "Don't Call This Love" in October 2008 and reached number three on the UK Singles Chart. His debut album _Right Now_ was released on 20 October 2008 and peaked at number four on the UK Albums Chart. His third single "Creative" peaked at number 94 and his fourth single "Stargazing" failed to chart, in March 2009 he was dropped by his record label after his album sold 130,000 copies.

### Studio albums

|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Title|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Details|scope="col" colspan="3"|Peak chart positions|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Sales|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Certifications|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|* Released: 20 October 2008 * Label: Syco, Sony Music * Formats: CD, digital download|2|4|7|* UK: 136,117|* UK: Gold * IRE: Platinum|||||

### Singles

|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Year|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Title|scope="col" colspan="3"|Peak chart positions|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Certifications|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Album|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2007||||||||||
|1|1|1|* UK: Gold|rowspan="4"|_Right Now_|||||
|rowspan="2"|2008|||||||||
|1|3|8||||||||
|—|94|—||||||||
|2009||||||||||
|—|—|—||||||||
|colspan="22" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%;"|"—" denotes a single that did not chart or was not released.|||||||||

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Leon Jackson
- **img**: Leon Jackson at the premiere of The Golden Compass.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **img capt**: Leon at the premiere of the _Golden Compass_ in 2007. Photo: David Johnson
- **birth name**: Leon Jackson
- **origin**: Whitburn, West Lothian, Scotland
- **genre**: Adult contemporary, Pop music, pop, jazz
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **years active**: 2007–present
- **label**: Sony BMG, Syco
- **associated acts**: Leona Lewis
Karditsa

**Karditsa** is a city in the center of Greece, in the Thessaly district. It is built on Thessaly Plain, the second largest plain in Greece. Because of this, Karditsa is an agricultural city. It is near the city of Trikala.

Western Karditsa is in the Agrafa mountain range (which is a part of the larger Pindus Mountains).

There were 35,971 people living in Karditsa during the 2001 census.
Gooloogong

**Gooloogong** is a small town in New South Wales. It is built on the banks of the Lachlan River. It is 57km south east of Forbes, 34 km north west of Cowra and 358 km west of the state capital, Sydney. There are about 250 people living in Gooloogong.

The town was established in the 1860s on what was the Pastoral Lease 'Goolagong'of Edward Sheahan from around 1840.

The town was originally built much closer to the Lachlan River, but was moved to higher ground because of floods.

John O'Meally is buried in an unmarked grave in the Anglican cemetery at Gooloogong. He was a member of Ben Hall's gang. He was shot dead when the gang tried to rob the Campbell's farm, Goimbla Station, on November 19, 1863.

## Facilities

Gooloogong has a hotel, shops and a park.
Boorowa

**Boorowa** is a small town in New South Wales. It is  from Yass. The town is built on the banks of the Boorowa River, which flows into the Lachlan River. The town was first called _Burrowa_. Boorowa and Burrowa are Aboriginal words in the Wiradjuri language meaning "birds". In 2008, there were 1350 living in Boorowa.

The first people to live in the area were the Wiraduri people. This was one of the largest tribes in New South Wales. They had several regular camping sites along the Lachlan and Boorowa Rivers. It is estimated that there were several thousand Wiradjuri people at the time of European settlement. A survey in 1851 showed that there were only 300 people left. Local Wiradjuri people were forced onto government reserves at Rye Park and Edgerton.

## Early settlement

It is not known for sure who the first European explorers were in this area. Hamilton Hume and his neighbour, William Broughton, had explored the Yass area in 1821. They may have gone farther towards the Lachlan. Broughton had one of the first farms on the Boorowa River in 1828. By 1849, he had  of land in the area. Other early settlers were James Hassall in 1827. His family already had large farms at Cowra by 1823. His brother Tom Hassal, a clergyman and his wife Ann Marsden (daughter of Reverend Samuel Marsden) and other family members were given land in 1831. There was a law at the time which gave free land to the children of clergy.

## Irish influence

Many of the settlers in Boorowa were from Ireland and the town shows their influence. Two early settlers in the 1820s were cousins, Roger Corcoran and Ned Ryan. They had been sent to Australia as convicts. Saint Patrick's Church, built in 1877 has a huge stained glass window brought from Ireland in 1881. It shows Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847) the "Liberator of Ireland." The oldest building still standing in Boorowa is Shamrock Cottage, built in 1850, once the home of the owner of the Queens Arms Hotel.

## Old buildings

There are many old buildings still standing in Boorowa. Webb and Crego's store, built in 1862, was robbed by bushranger Ben Hall in 1863. The Royal Hotel, built in 1860, is still a hotel although it is now called the Ram and Stallion Hotel. The Court House, built in 1884, is now an information centre for tourists.

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Boorowa
- **state**: nsw
- **image**: BoorowaCourtHouse.jpg
- **caption**: Boorowa Court House
- **pop**: 1,211
- **established**: 1843
- **postcode**: 2586
- **dist1**: 40
- **dir1**: E
- **location1**: Young, New South Wales, Young
- **dist2**: 70
- **dir2**: S
- **location2**: Cowra
- **dist3**: 240
- **dir3**: W
- **location3**: Sydney
- **lga**: Hilltops Council
- **stategov**: Electoral district of Goulburn, Goulburn
- **fedgov**: Division of Hume, Hume
Guity Novin

**Guity Novin** (born **Guity Navran** on April 21, 1944) is a Persian-Canadian painter and sculptor. She has started a movement in painting that she has named Transpressionism. She was born in Kermanshah, Iran in 1944. She now lives and works in Vancouver and Toronto. Guity Novin was graduated from the Faculty of Fine Arts in Tehran in 1970. After leaving Iran, she moved to The Hague, Netherlands in 1975 and then to Manchester, UK where she completed her studies.

She moved to Canada in 1980 and lived and exhibited in Kingston (Ontario), Montreal, and Ottawa and finally settled in Vancouver, British Columbia.

She has introduced the Transpressionism style in 1994. By using this style, she tries to convey her passionate philosophical ideas.

She has served on a UNESCO national committee of artists.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Guity Novin
- **image**: GuityNovin.jpg
- **caption**: Guity Novin
- **birth name**: Guity Navran
- **birth place**: Kermanshah, Iran
- **nationality**: Canadian-Iranian
- **field**: Painting, Graphic Design
- **training**: BA, Graphic Design, Faculty of Decorative Arts, Tehran, 1970
- **movement**: Transpressionism
- **works**: Oil, Watercolor, Mix media,
Murringo

**Murringo** is a small town in New South Wales. It is 25kms east of Young and 406 km west of the state capital, Sydney. The town was in the area often robbed by the bushranger, Ben Hall.

## Early settlement

Europen settlers moved into the area in 1827. The first farm in the area was Marengo Station, 1833, owned by John Scarr. By 1840 there were about 40 people living in the area. When the town was laid out by the surveyors in 1849, they called the town Murringo. It has also been called Meringo, Marringa, Maringa, Muringo, Maringo and Marengo. In 1926 the town was officially called Murringo. In 1864, Ben Hall robbed John Scarr and his brother as they rode along the road to Burrowa.

The original plans included a market place, a big cemetery and large parks. When gold was found nearby at Lambing Flat in 1860, most of the people moved to the goldfields. Although there were only about 120 people living in the town, the people saved money and built the Christ Church Anglican Church in 1866. The foundation stone for the Sacred Heart Catholic Church was laid in 1871. A post office opened in 1857.

A number of historic buildings are still standing in Murringo. The church (1866), the Marengo Hotel, the police station (1880), the school (1870), school teacher's house (1879), the Plough Inn (a hotel) (built before 1860) and the Post Office (1857). A blacksmiths shop and cottage from the 1870's has been turned into a craft workshop.

## Other websites

- Murringo Primary School http://www.murringo-p.schools.nsw.edu.au/
- Murringo.com, Virtual Village http://murringo.googlepages.com/
White Christmas

A **white Christmas** means that at least an inch of snow has fallen on Christmas Morning. This is more common in some countries than in others.

For example, in  the United Kingdom, there are not a lot of White Christmases; but in Canada, there is almost always a White Christmas. Ireland's last "official" White Christmas was in 2004.

## White Christmases in Canada

|City|Chance of a White Christmas|
| --- | --- |
|Vancouver|11%|
|Calgary|59%|
|Edmonton|88%|
|Saskatoon|98%|
|Regina|91%|
|Winnipeg|98%|
|Sudbury|100%|
|Windsor|41%|
|Toronto|57%|
|Ottawa|83%|
|Montreal|80%|
|Quebec City|100%|
|Halifax|59%|
|St. John's|65%|
|Whitehorse|100%|
|Yellowknife|100%|

## White Christmases in the United States

|City|Chance of a White Christmas|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Anchorage, Alaska|100%|||
|Annette Island, Alaska (Alaska Panhandle)|17%|||
|Fairbanks, Alaska|100%|||
|Phoenix, Arizona|1%|||
|Little Rock, Arkansas|3%|||
|Los Angeles, California|1%|||
|San Francisco, California|1%|||
|Denver, Colorado|50%|||
|Hartford, Connecticut|57%|||
|Wilmington, Delaware|13%|||
|Washington, DC|13%|||
|Savannah, Georgia|3%|||
|Boise, Idaho|30%|||
|Chicago, Illinois|40%|||
|Indianapolis, Indiana|30%|||
|Des Moines, Iowa|50%|||
|Topeka, Kansas|23%|||
|Louisville, Kentucky|13%|||
|Portland, Maine|83%|||
|Boston, Massachusetts|23%|||
|Detroit, Michigan|50%|||
|Marquette, Michigan (Upper Peninsula)|90%|||
|Duluth, Minnesota|97%|||
|Minneapolis, Minnesota|73%|||
|St. Louis, Missouri|23%|||
|Helena, Montana|67%|||
|Omaha, Nebraska|44%|||
|Reno, Nevada|20%|||
|Concord, New Hampshire|87%|||
|Newark, New Jersey|23%|||
|Albuquerque, New Mexico|3%|||
|Massena, New York|77%|||
|New York, New York|10%|||
|Charlotte, North Carolina|1%|||
|Fargo, North Dakota|83%|||
|Cleveland, Ohio|60%|||
|Akron, Ohio|60%|||
|Oklahoma City, Oklahoma|3%|||
|Portland, Oregon|1%|||
|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|10% </tr>|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|33%|
|Providence, Rhode Island|37%|||
|Charleston, South Carolina|3%|||
|Rapid City, South Dakota|47%|||
|Nashville, Tennessee|13%|||
|Amarillo, Texas|7%|||
|Dallas, Texas|8%|||
|Salt Lake City, Utah|53%|||
|Richmond, Virginia|7%|||
|Seattle, Washington|8%|||
|Spokane, Washington|70%|||
|Charleston, West Virginia|30%|||
|Huntington, West Virginia|23%|||
|Milwaukee, Wisconsin|60%|||
|Casper, Wyoming|47%|||

Since the 1950's, there are less White Christmases in the USA.

## White Christmases in the United Kingdom

|Location|Chance of a White Christmas|
| --- | --- |
|London|13%|
|Birmingham|14%|
|Aberporth|9%|
|Glasgow|13%|
|Aberdeen|25%|
|Belfast|16%|
|Lerwick|32%|
|Bradford|7%|
|St Mawgan|7%|

## Related pages

- Irving Berlin
- Bing Crosby

## Other websites

- Are you dreaming of a white Christmas?
- White Christmas Sweet from Australia
Binalong

**Binalong** is a small town in New South Wales, Australia. It is 37 km north-west of Yass.

## History

The Aboriginal people who lived in the area were part of the Ngunnawal people.  The first Europen to visit the area was Hamilton Hume in 1821. The name of the town is believed to come from either an Aboriginal word meaning 'towards a high place' or from 'Bennelong', the name of a famous Aborigine.

Binalong was outside the legal limits of European settlement in New South Wales. However farmers settled in the area before the law changed to allow settlement in 1839.  From 1847 there was a police camp at Binalong and a court. The old Cobb and Co inn was built at that time as a staging post for Cobb and Co coaches.

The town was officially listed in 1850. It was an important stop on the way for people going to look for gold at Lambing Flat. The school was started in 1861.  Gold also meant that there were bushrangers in the area.  The grave of John Gilbert is near the town in the field where the police kept their horses.  He was a member of Frank Gardiner's gang  and later Ben Hall's gang. He was shot dead by police in 1865.

## Railway

The first railway station opened in 1875. The railway arrived in 1876.  The current building was put up when the railway line was moved in 1916. The station and the signal box are now closed.

## Banjo Paterson

The family of the poet Banjo Paterson moved to the Binalong area in 1869 when he was five years old.  He went to the primary school in Binalong but later went to boarding school in Sydney. He only came home in the holidays.  Binalong features in a number of his poems, for example, _Pardon, the son of Reprieve_ .  Paterson's father is buried in the local cemetery.

## Other websites

- Banjo Paterson's story of the place where he spent his childhood
- Binalong Public School
- History of Binalong

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Binalong
- **state**: nsw
- **image**: BinalongNSW.JPG
- **caption**: Central Binalong looking towards the post office and the Hotel Binalong
- **lga**: Yass Valley, New South Wales, Yass Valley Shire
- **postcode**: 2584
- **pop**: 543
- **stategov**: Electoral district of Goulburn, Goulburn
- **fedgov**: Division of Eden-Monaro, Eden-Monaro
- **dist1**: 37
- **dir1**: NW
- **location1**: Yass, New South Wales, Yass
Don't Call This Love

"**Don't Call This Love**" is a song by Scottish singer Leon Jackson. The song was written by Bryn Christopher, Chris Braide and Carl Falk. It was released on 12 October 2008 as the second single from his debut studio album _Right Now_ (2008). He performed the song live during  of _The X Factor_ the day prior to the official release of the song. The song peaked at number 1 on the Scottish Singles Chart and number 3 on the UK Singles Chart.

### Year-end charts

|Chart (2008)|Position|
| --- | --- |
|143||

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Don't Call This Love
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Leon Jackson
- **album**: Right Now (Leon Jackson album), Right Now
- **b-side**: Don't Give Up
- **released**: 12 October 2008
- **recorded**: 2008
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, Jazz music, jazz
- **length**: 4:05
- **label**: Syco Music
- **writer**: * Bryn Christopher
* Chris Braide
* Carl Falk
- **prev title**: When You Believe#Leon Jackson version, When You Believe
- **prev year**: 2007
- **next title**: Creative (song), Creative
- **next year**: 2008
Astro

**Astro** can refer to:

- Astronomy
- The Houston Astros, a Major League Baseball team that plays in Houston, Texas
- Astrodome, a sports stadium in Houston, Texas
- Chevrolet Astro, a mid-sized van made by Chevrolet
- Adobe Flash Player version 10, codenamed _Astro_
- Astro (satellite TV)
- "Astro", a fictional dog in the TV series _The Jetsons_
Muscle Shoals, Alabama

**Muscle Shoals** is a city in Colbert County, Alabama, United States. As of 2020, the population of the city was 16,275.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Muscle Shoals, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: File:Colbert County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Muscle Shoals Highlighted 0153016.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Muscle Shoals in Colbert County, Alabama
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Colbert County, Alabama, Colbert
- **government type**: Mayor-council
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: April 23, 1923
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established date1**: April 24, 1923
- **area total km2**: 43.57
- **area total sq mi**: 16.82
- **area land km2**: 43.52
- **area land sq mi**: 16.80
- **area water km2**: 0.05
- **area water sq mi**: 0.02
- **elevation ft**: 525
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 16275
- **population metro**: 150791 (US: List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 284th)
- **population density km2**: 373.96
- **population density sq mi**: 968.58
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 35660(obsolete), 35661, 35662
- **area codes**: Area code 256, 256, Area code 938, 938
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-53016
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2404345
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Moulton, Alabama

**Moulton** is a city in Lawrence County, Alabama. It is included in the Decatur Metropolitan Area, as well as the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city is 3,398. The city is the county seat of Lawrence County.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Moulton, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Moulton-Lawrence-County-Courthouse-al.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Lawrence County Courthouse
- **image map**: File:Lawrence County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Moulton Highlighted 0151600.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Moulton in Lawrence County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Lawrence County, Alabama, Lawrence
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: December 17, 1819
- **area total km2**: 15.56
- **area total sq mi**: 6.01
- **area land km2**: 15.53
- **area land sq mi**: 5.99
- **area water km2**: 0.04
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **elevation ft**: 643
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3398
- **population density km2**: 218.87
- **population density sq mi**: 566.90
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35650
- **area code**: Area code 256, 256
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-51600
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2404314
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Montevallo, Alabama

**Montevallo** is a city in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. A college town, it is the home of the University of Montevallo, a public liberal arts university with around 3000 students. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city of Montevallo was 7,229.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Montevallo, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Montevallo, Alabama.JPG
- **image caption**: Montevallo in 2012
- **image map**: File:Shelby County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Montevallo Highlighted 0150312.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Montevallo in Shelby County, Alabama.
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name2**: Shelby County, Alabama, Shelby
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1815
- **established title1**: Incorporated
- **established date1**: 1848
- **area total sq mi**: 13.09
- **area land sq mi**: 12.81
- **area water sq mi**: 0.28
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 7229
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation ft**: 433
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35115
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205, 659
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-50312
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2404287
- **website**: http://www.cityofmontevallo.com/
- **population density sq mi**: 564.50
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 33.90
- **area land km2**: 33.17
- **area water km2**: 0.73
- **population density km2**: 217.96
Monroeville, Alabama

**Monroeville** is a city in Monroe County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 5,951. The city is the county seat of Monroe County.

## Literary fame

Author Harper Lee was born and raised in Monroeville. In her book _To Kill a Mockingbird_, the fictional town of Maycomb is modeled on her hometown. The book received the 1961 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Monroeville, Alabama
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in Alabama, City
- **image skyline**: Historic buildings in Monroeville, Alabama LCCN2010639931.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Historic buildings in Downtown Monroeville
- **nickname**: The Literary Capital of Alabama
- **motto**: "Moving the Past Forward"
- **image map**: File:Monroe County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Monroeville Highlighted 0150192.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Monroeville in Monroe County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Monroe County, Alabama, Monroe
- **area total km2**: 34.61
- **area total sq mi**: 13.36
- **area land km2**: 34.59
- **area land sq mi**: 13.35
- **area water km2**: 0.02
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **elevation m**: 126
- **elevation ft**: 413
- **population total**: 5951
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 172.06
- **population density sq mi**: 445.63
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 36460–36462
- **area codes**: Area code 251, 251
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-50192
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0152359
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Millbrook, Alabama

**Millbrook** is a city in Autauga and Elmore counties in the U.S. state of Alabama.  The population was 16,564 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

Millbrook has a total area of 14.51 square miles.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Millbrook
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: "Comfort, Convenience, Community"
- **image skyline**: Millbrook, Alabama City Hall.JPG
- **image caption**: Millbrook City Hall
- **image map**: File:Autauga County and Elmore County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Millbrook Highlighted 0148712.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Millbrook in Autauga County and Elmore County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, Counties
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Autauga County, Alabama, Autauga, Elmore County, Alabama, Elmore
- **government type**: Mayor-council
- **established date**: 1979
- **area total km2**: 37.58
- **area total sq mi**: 14.51
- **area land km2**: 36.80
- **area land sq mi**: 14.21
- **area water km2**: 0.78
- **area water sq mi**: 0.30
- **elevation ft**: 190
- **elevation m**: 58
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 16564
- **population density km2**: 450.11
- **population density sq mi**: 1165.74
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 36054
- **area code**: Area code 334, 334
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-48712
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0122814
- **website**: http://www.cityofmillbrook.org/
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Madison, Alabama

**Madison** is a city in Limestone and Madison counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 56,933.

Madison is close to the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, a major US army installation.  Redstone Arsenal expanded in the 2000s when it took over the work of other Army installations that closed.  Madison is one of the fastest growing communities in Alabama.  The region's economy is also supported by NASA (the Marshall Space Flight Center), and major defense contractors.

Madison is served by a good public school system and by numerous private schools.  Some of the accredited private schools are Madison Academy, Westminster Christian Academy, Randolph School, and Faith Christian Academy.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Madison, Alabama
- **official name**: City of Madison
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Main Street Madison Alabama May 2011 01.jpg
- **image caption**: The Madison Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, Alabama, National Register of Historic Places on March 29, 2006.
- **motto**: Play hard, learn well & live richly
- **image map**: File:Limestone County and Madison County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Madison Highlighted 0145784.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Madison in Limestone County and Madison County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, Counties
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Madison County, Alabama, Madison, Limestone County, Alabama, Limestone
- **established date**: 1869
- **area total km2**: 78.96
- **area total sq mi**: 30.49
- **area land km2**: 78.62
- **area land sq mi**: 30.36
- **area water km2**: 0.34
- **area water sq mi**: 0.13
- **elevation m**: 215
- **elevation ft**: 705
- **population total**: 56933
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density km2**: 724.17
- **population density sq mi**: 1875.57
- **population metro**: n/a
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 35756-35758
- **area code**: Area code 256, 256
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-45784
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0122191
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Marion, Alabama

**Marion** is the county seat of Perry County, Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 3,176. The city was first called _Muckle Ridge_. It was renamed after a hero of the American Revolution, Francis Marion.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Marion, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Old Marion City Hall.jpg
- **image caption**: Old Marion City Hall, built in 1832.  It now houses the Alabama Military Hall of Honor.
- **image map**: File:Perry County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Marion Highlighted 0146768.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Perry County, Alabama, Perry
- **government type**: Mayor-Council
- **area total km2**: 27.61
- **area total sq mi**: 10.66
- **area land km2**: 27.37
- **area land sq mi**: 10.57
- **area water km2**: 0.23
- **area water sq mi**: 0.09
- **elevation ft**: 374
- **elevation m**: 114
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3176
- **population density km2**: 116.02
- **population density sq mi**: 300.47
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 36756
- **area code**: Area code 334, 334
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-46768
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0160038
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **map caption**: Location of Marion in Perry County, Alabama.
- **named for**: Francis Marion
Midfield, Alabama

**Midfield** is a town in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 5,211.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Midfield, Alabama
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: File:Jefferson County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Midfield Highlighted 0148376.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Midfield in Jefferson County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Jefferson County, AL, Jefferson
- **area total sq mi**: 2.66
- **area land sq mi**: 2.66
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 525
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 5211
- **population density sq mi**: 1960.50
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central Time Zone
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35228
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205 & 659
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-48376
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2404254
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 6.88
- **area land km2**: 6.88
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population density km2**: 757.06
Fairhope, Alabama

**Fairhope** is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama. It is on a sloping plateau, along the cliffs and shoreline of Mobile Bay. As of the 2020 census, 22,477 people lived there.

## Notable residents

- Upton Sinclair (winter visitor), author (_The Jungle_)
- Winston Groom, author (_Forrest Gump_)
- Fannie Flagg, author of _Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe_, actress in the movie _Grease_ and _The New Dick Van Dyke Show_
- Dean Mosher, well known historical painter

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Fairhope, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: "You've arrived"
- **image map**: File:Baldwin County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Fairhope Highlighted 0125240.svg
- **map caption**: Location in Baldwin County, Alabama
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Baldwin County, Alabama, Baldwin
- **established date**: 1894
- **area total km2**: 37.64
- **area total sq mi**: 14.53
- **area land km2**: 37.49
- **area land sq mi**: 14.47
- **area water km2**: 0.14
- **area water sq mi**: 0.06
- **elevation ft**: 122
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 22477
- **population density km2**: 599.5
- **population density sq mi**: 1553
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 3653236533
- **area code**: Area code 251, 251
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-25240
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0118120
- **unit pref**: Imperial
Fairfield, Alabama

**Fairfield** is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is a suburb of Birmingham.  The population was 10,000 at the 2020 census. Fairfield was founded in 1910.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Fairfield, Alabama
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: File:Jefferson County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Fairfield Highlighted 0125120.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Fairfield in Jefferson County, Alabama.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Alabama, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Alabama
- **subdivision name2**: Jefferson County, Alabama, Jefferson
- **area total sq mi**: 3.46
- **area land sq mi**: 3.46
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **elevation ft**: 666
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 10000
- **population density sq mi**: 2890.17
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 35064
- **area code**: Area codes 205 and 659, 205 & 659
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 01-25120
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2403587
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 8.96
- **area land km2**: 8.96
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **population density km2**: 1115.79