juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Visual communication

**Visual communication** is the sharing of information using pictures, drawings, or symbols rather than just words. It is a method of message passing through images and it is widely used in various aspects of daily life, including books, advertisements, and digital media.

Visual communication involves the use of visual elements such as images, diagrams, charts, and symbols to convey information. Instead of relying solely on text, visual communication relies on the power of images to communicate ideas and messages effectively.

Visual communication is essential because it helps people understand information quickly and easily. Images can often convey complex ideas more efficiently than words alone, making visual communication a valuable tool in various fields, including education, marketing, and design.

## Applications

Visual communication is utilized in numerous fields and industries, including:

- **Graphic Design** Graphic designers use visual elements to create visually appealing designs for various purposes, such as magazines, packages, logos, and websites.
- **Advertising and Marketing** Visual communication is crucial in advertising and marketing campaigns to attract and engage audiences effectively.
- **Education** Teachers use visual aids such as diagrams, charts, and videos to facilitate learning and enhance understanding among students.
- **Media Production** Visual communication plays a significant role in film, television and social media, where images and visuals are used to tell stories and convey messages.

## Examples

Examples of visual communication include:

- **Photographs** Capturing images through photography is a common form of visual communication used in various contexts, from personal documentation to professional advertising.
- **Infographics** Infographics are visual representations of information, data, or knowledge designed to present complex information quickly and clearly.
- **Illustrations** Illustrations are drawings, paintings, or sketches used to convey ideas or enhance storytelling in various media formats.
- **Videos** Videos combine moving images, sound, and sometimes text to communicate messages effectively and engage audiences.
La Plata, Missouri

**La Plata** is a city in Macon County, Missouri, United States.
Guarabira

**Guarabira** is an Brazilian city in the state of Paraíba. In 2020, 59,115 people lived here and its area is 162,387 km².
Type foundry

A **type foundry** is a company that makes different styles of letters and symbols for writing. In the past, people used to carve these letters, known as glyphs, into metal or wood by hand. But nowadays, they use computers to design and publish various fonts. These fonts can be used in books, websites, and other places where words are written.

Creating a font involves carefully designing each letter, number, and symbol using special computer programs. Designers adjust things like size, shape, and spacing to make sure the letters look good together. Once a font is finished, it can be sold or licensed to people who need it for their projects.

## Related pages

- Typography
- Type design
- Typeface
Type design

**Type design** is the process of creating different styles of letters and symbols used in writing. These letters and symbols, known as glyphs, when grouped together, form what we call typefaces or fonts. Fonts are commonly seen in books, websites, advertisements, and various other forms of visual communication.

## History

The history of type design stretches back many years. In ancient times, people would carve letters into materials like stone or wood. With the invention of the printing press in the 15th century, the creation of letters became easier, leading to the establishment of the first type foundries where fonts were made and sold.

Type design, a subset of graphic design, is an essential aspect of visual communication. Whether in print or digital form, the fonts we encounter shape our reading experience and contribute to the overall effectiveness of communication. Type designers use a combination of creativity and technical skill to craft fonts that are both aesthetically pleasing and functional.

## Process

Today, type designers, who are a type of graphic designers, use computer software to create fonts. Factors like the width of the strokes, spacing between letters, and presence of serifs (little lines on letters) are taken into consideration during the design process. Type design, a subset of graphic design, is an essential aspect of visual communication.

Whether in print or digital form, the fonts we encounter shape our reading experience and contribute to the overall effectiveness of communication. Type designers use a combination of creativity and technical skill to craft fonts that are both aesthetically pleasing and functional.

## Notable Designers

Throughout history, there have been many notable type designers who have made significant contributions to the field. Early pioneers like Johannes Gutenberg introduced movable type to Europe, while modern designers such as Adrian Frutiger and Jessica Hische have left their mark on contemporary type design.
Juan Manuel de Cañas

**Juan Manuel de Cañas-Trujillo and Sánchez de Madrid** (n. Puerto de Santa María, Spain, July 2, 1763 - possibly in León, Nicaragua, after 1830) was a Spanish soldier, interim governor of the Province of Costa Rica (1819-1820) and subordinate political leader of the Party of Costa Rica (1820-1821).
Red Star Stadium

The **Rajko Mitić Stadium** (), previously known as **Red Star Stadium** (), also known as **Marakana** (), is a football stadium in Belgrade, the capital city of Serbia.

Red Star Belgrade is a only club that is playing there, making it their stadium.
Ioannis Kapodistrias

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Count **Ioannis Kapodistrias** (1776-1831) was an important political leader and diplomat from Greece in the early 1800s. He was born in Corfu when it was ruled by Venice. His family was well-known, with his father being a nobleman and artist. He started his career in politics in Corfu and later became Modern Greece's first Governor after the Greek War of Independence in 1821.

Before becoming Governor, Kapodistrias worked for Russian Empire's government and helped Greece gain independence. He was good at diplomacy and had big ideas for how to run a country. His diplomatic skills earned him admiration and recognition.

He didn't just influence Greece though. He also helped Switzerland become neutral and organized its government. His efforts in shaping the destinies of both Greece and Switzerland demonstrate his influence and legacy. The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens is named after him. Statues of Ioannis Kapodistrias can be found in Athens, Saint Petersburg and Lausanne. He was also featured on the 500 drachma banknote in recent years before Greece switched to using the euro on January 1, 2002.

However, he faced opposition during his time in office, which ultimately led to his assassination in 1831 while he was still serving as Governor in Nafplio. He is buried in his hometown of Corfu.

## Related pages

- Greek War of Independence

## Other websites

- Capodistrias Museum

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Kapodistrias2.jpg
- **signature**: Singature and Seal of Ioannis Kapodistrias as Governor of Greece.jpg
- **name**: Ioannis Kapodistrias
- **native name lang**: gr
- **death date**: 1831
- **death place**: Nauplion
- **birth date**: 1776
- **birth place**: Corfu
- **nationality**: Greece, Greek
- **alma mater**: University of Padua
- **honorific prefix**: His Excellency Count
- **caption**: Portrait by Greek painter Dionysios Tsokos
Polish cuisine

**Polish cuisine** is a style of food preparation originating in and widely popular in Poland. Due to Poland's history, Polish cuisine has evolved over the centuries. It has borrowed many other national cuisines.

Polish cuisine is rich in meat, especially pork, chicken and game, and a wide range of vegetables, spices, fungi and mushrooms, and herbs. There are a lot of different kinds of pasta, cereals, grains and pulses.  Polish cuisine makes extensive use of butter, cream, eggs, and seasoning. Traditional dishes often need a lot of preparation. Many Poles take time to serve and enjoy their festive meals, especially Christmas Eve dinner () on December 24, or Easter breakfast, both of which could take several days to prepare.

Among popular Polish national dishes are  ,  , ,   (pork loin breaded cutlet),   (stuffed cabbage leaves),   (roulade),   (sour cucumber soup),   (mushroom soup),   (tomato soup),   (meat broth),   (sour rye soup),   (tripe soup), and red beetroot soup  .

A traditional Polish dinner has three courses, beginning with a soup. In restaurants, soups are followed by an appetizer such as herring (prepared with either cream, oil, or in aspic), or other cured meat<nowiki/>s and chopped raw vegetable salads. The main course usually includes meat, such as a roast, breaded pork cutlet, or chicken, with a coleslaw-like  (), shredded root vegetables with lemon and sugar (carrot, celeriac, cooked beetroot), sauerkraut, or  salad. The side dishes are usually boiled potatoes, grain, or less commonly, rice. Meals often end with a dessert of either a fruit compote,  a  pastry, cream pie,  mille-feuille, or  cheesecake.

If a Polish culinary tradition is used in other cuisines, it is referred to as _à la polonaise_, from the French, meaning 'Polish-style.' In French cuisine, this term is used for techniques like using butter instead of cooking oil; frying vegetables with buttered breadcrumbs; using minced parsley and boiled eggs (Polonaise garnish); and adding horseradish, lemon juice, or sour cream to sauces like velouté.
Course (food)

A **course** is a set of food items served together during a meal, all at the same time. A course may include multiple dishes including side dishes or only one, and often includes items with some variety of flavors. A hamburger served with French fries would be considered a single course and might constitute the entire meal. Larger meals might include many courses, such as a course where a soup is served by itself, a course when cordon bleu is served at the same time as a side dish of vegetables, and finally a dessert such as a pumpkin pie. Courses may vary in size as well as number depending on the culture where the meal takes place.

When dishes are served mostly in a single course, this is known in formal terms as service à la française; when dishes are served mostly in separate courses, this is called service à la russe.
Tableware

**Tableware** are the dishes and cutlery used for setting a table, serving food, and dining. Tableware includes cutlery, glassware, serving dishes, serving utensils, and other items used for cooking as well as for decoration. The objects vary according to culture, religion, number of people, and cuisine. Middle Eastern, South Asian or Polynesian food culture may only use serving dishes, using bread or leaves as individual plates, and often with no cutlery. Special events may  have higher quality tableware.

Cutlery is more commonly known as _silverware_ or _flatware_ in the United States. _Dinnerware_ is another word used for tableware, another word _crockery_ means ceramic tableware, porcelain or bone china. In Ireland, they are normally called _delph_, the word being an English language phonetic spelling of the word _Delft_, the town from which so much delftware came.
Barameda

***Barameda*** (Indigenous Australian language: "fish trap") is an extinct genus of rhizodont from the Tournaisian of Australia.

The species:

- <abbr>†</abbr>_Barameda decipiens_
- <abbr>†</abbr>_Barameda mitchelli_

## Description

_Barameda_ had an elongated and thick body typical of Carboniferous rhizodonts, for powerful swimming and out-powering any prey larger than itself. It was covered with moderately thin, cycloidal scales.

## Paleoecology

_Barameda_ was probably a benthic ambush predator, attacking other fishes and possibly early tetrapods. It used a grab-and-drag strategy, using its fangs to snag prey and either thrash them, or simply drag them down into the water.

## References

1. <small>Long, John A. (1989-03-30). "A new rhizodontiform fish from the Early Carboniferous of Victoria, Australia, with remarks on the phylogenetic position of the group". _Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology_. Retrieved 1 August 1986.</small>
Sincerity

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**Sincerity** is a moral value and means being real and honest in how someone acts and talks. It's about not pretending to be someone you're not. When someone is sincere, they say and do things truthfully, and others trust them for it. Being sincere helps build good relationships because people feel they can rely on you. Sincere people are respected because they stay true to themselves and treat others with honesty and kindness.

## Related pages

- Virtue
- Loyalty
The Healing Process

***The Healing Process*** is the second studio album by Canadian deathcore band Despised Icon. The album was released on April 5, 2005 through Century Media Records.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Healing Process
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Despised Icon
- **released**: April 5, 2005
- **genre**: Deathcore
- **length**: 32:05
- **label**: Century Media
- **producer**: Yannick St-Amand
- **prev title**: Consumed by Your Poison
- **prev year**: 2002
- **next title**: The Ills of Modern Man
- **next year**: 2007
Polypedates impresus

The **concave-crowned tree frog** or **Yunnan whipping frog** (_Polypedates impresus_) is a frog.  It lives in China, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam.  People have seen it between 600 and 1000 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in grass on hills.

Scientists believe this frog is not in danger of dying out because it lives in such a large place.
Gladiator 2

***Gladiator 2*** is an American-British epic historical drama movie. It was released on November 22, 2024 in North America. It is the sequel to the 2000 movie _Gladiator_. It was directed by Ridley Scott. Scott also directed the original _Gladiator_ movie.

## Production

Principal photography for the movie started in Ouarzazate, Morocco on June 7, 2023 and ended on January 24, 2024. Filming was delayed because of the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike.

## Plot

The movie follows Lucius Verus, the son of Lucilla. Having lived in the wilderness for around 15 years, he is now grown up and estranged from his mother. He heads to Rome to try and build a better life.

## Cast

- Paul Mescal as Lucius Verus
- Denzel Washington
- Pedro Pascal
- Joseph Quinn as Geta
- Fred Hechinger as Caracalla
- May Calamawy
- Connie Nielsen as Lucilla
- Derek Jacobi as Senator Gracchus
- Lior Raz
- Peter Mensah
- Matt Lucas
- Tim McInnerny

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Gladiator 2
- **image**: File:Gladiator_II_logo.png
- **director**: Ridley Scott
- **producer**: Ridley Scott
Michael Pruss
Douglas Wick
Lucy Fisher
David Franzoni
- **writer**: David Scarpa
- **starring**: Paul Mescal
Denzel Washington
Pedro Pascal
Joseph Quinn (actor), Joseph Quinn
Fred Hechinger
May Calamawy
Connie Nielsen
Derek Jacobi
- **music**: Rob Simonsen
Ariyan Mehedi
- **cinematography**: John Mathieson (cinematographer), John Mathieson
- **editing**: Claire Simpson
Sam Restivo
- **studio**: Paramount Pictures
Universal Pictures
Scott Free Productions
Red Wagon Entertainment
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
<small>(United States)</small>
Universal Pictures
<small>(International)</small>
- **released**: November 22, 2024
(North America)
- **runtime**: 147 minutes
- **country**: United States
United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $250 million
- **gross**: $462,180,717
Jebel Sahaba

**Jebel Sahaba** is an archaeological site where a prehistoric massacre occurred. It is between Sudan and Egypt, close to the Aswan High Dam. At this site, archaeologists found 61 remains from early hunter-gatherers, including men, women, and children. The victims did not include young men, who may have escaped or survived.

Before the discovery in 1960, many experts believed that prehistoric people did not fight each other. This idea changed when Fred Wendorf found bones from the 12th millennium B.C., which showed a large number of injuries, damaged bones, and pieces of flint arrows.

## Studies

Wendorf and his team discovered the prehistoric massacre site in the 1960s. Then in 2014, Isabelle Crevecoeur from the French National Center for Scientific Research discovered over 100 more signs of trauma and injuries on the Jebel Sahaba remains.

For example, the victims' hands and forearms were damaged from trying to ward off blows.  Some victims' back-sided ribs had sharp cuts, maybe because they died trying to escape. A pregnant woman had her hands twisted together, suggesting that she might have been tied up. These medieval-like actions were very surprising for archaeologists and scientists.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Violence at Jebel Sahaba
- **partof**: resource competition in the Nile valley
- **date**: 12th millennium BC
(see #Dating, Dating)
- **place**: Jebel Sahaba ()
(in the north of present-day Sudan)
- **casualties3**: 61 killed
Type designer

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A **type designer**, also known as typeface designer, is someone who design fonts. Fonts are the different styles of letters and numbers that we see in books, signs, advertisements and websites. Type designers create these fonts by designing common characters like punctuation marks, accents, ligatures, asterisks, quotation marks and diacritics. All these are called glyphs. They publish their creations in various file formats, accompanied with a license. for use on computers.

Type designers use their creativity and skills to make alphabets that look good and are easy to read. They think about how each letter will fit together with the others to form words and sentences. They also consider things like spacing, size and style to make sure that the font is legible and pleasing to the eye.

Type design is considered an academic discipline.To become a type designer, people often need to study graphic design, typography or graphic arts. Some type designers work as freelancers, creating fonts for their own projects or for sale to others. Others may work for companies called type foundries that specialize in creating fonts for web design and printing.

Type designers use various tecnhiques and software to create fonts. They usually start by drawing out ideas on paper. This profession plays an important role in shaping the way people communicate through written language.

## Related pages

- Graphic designer
- Printer (publishing)
- Helvetica
- Times New Roman
- Webdings
Aspirated consonant

In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of breath.

In dialects with aspiration, to feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say spin [spɪn] and then pin [pʰɪn]. One should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with pin that one does not get with spin.

## Infobox (ipa)

- **above**: Aspirated
- **ipa symbol**: ◌ʰ
- **decimal**: 688
McMuffin

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A **McMuffin** is a breakfast sandwich from McDonald's, a popular fast food chain. The main one is the Egg McMuffin, made by Herb Peterson in 1972. It looks like eggs benedict, a classic American breakfast with English muffins, ham, eggs, and hollandaise sauce. The Egg McMuffin has a cracked Grade A egg on a toasted English muffin with real butter, Canadian bacon, and American cheese.

The Egg McMuffin is a quick breakfast to eat, with 310 calories. Even though it seems simple, it actually has nearly 50 ingredients.

## Other websites

- Official website
McPlant

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The **McPlant** is a sandwich from McDonald's fast food chain. Its main difference from a common hamburger is that it doesn't meat. Instead, it has a patty made from plants. It was created in collaboration with _Beyond Meat_, a company that makes plant-based meat. The patty is made from things like peas, rice and potatoes instead of beef or chicken. The main ingredients are onions, pickles, lettuce, tomato, ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise and cheese. The McPlant is an option for people who avoid eating meat or vegans.
Introspection

**Introspection** is the process of examining and reflecting on one's own thoughts, emotions, and experiences. This introspective journey has played an important role in philosophy and psychology throughout the ages.

## Historical evolution

Introspection was a part of ancient philosophies.  It was important in Greek philosophy; Socrates's wrote that "know[ing] thyself" was the key to wisdom. In the 19th century, introspective psychology was developed.

## Introspective psychology

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, introspection became a key part of psychology.  Thinkers like Wilhelm Wundt and Edward B. Titchener developed introspective psychology. Its goal was to study conscious thinking by having individuals reflect on their inner experiences. Participants were asked to describe their thoughts, emotions, and sensations in response to various stimuli.

However, this method was criticized for being subjective rather than objective. Critics argued that introspection was unreliable as a scientific tool because people have biases and cannot consciously access certain mental processes.

## Modern impact on philosophy

Introspection is still a topic of interest in contemporary philosophy. Philosophers explore the nature of self-awareness, consciousness, and the reliability of introspective knowledge. Questions about the relationship between introspection and external reality are an important part of debates within the philosophy of mind.

## Modern impact on psychology

While introspective psychology declined, its influence persists in modern psychology. Contemporary approaches, such as cognitive psychology, acknowledge that self-reflection plays an important role in understanding mental processes. However, the emphasis has shifted towards more objective methods, including behavioral observations and neuroscientific techniques.

## Challenges and advances

Introspection in philosophy and psychology has changed and faced challenges over time.  Researchers continually try to find objective ways to measure introspective insights so they can better understand the human mind.

## Related pages

- Extraversion and introversion

## Infobox (infobox)

- **title**: Introspection
- **image**:
- **data1**: _Introspection, a term rooted in philosophy and psychology, is the process of self-examination and reflection on one's own thoughts, emotions, and experiences._
Ruald Strydom

**Ruald Strydom** GCOB (born 1985) is a South African entrepreneur and philanthropist. He started CEO GOLF.

In 2023, Strydom received the Order of the Baobab (Grand Counsellor of the Baobab) from the President of South Africa, Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa. This award recognized his important work as a philanthropist globally. The Order of the Baobab is a prestigious honor in South Africa. It is given to individuals who have made significant contributions to democracy and the betterment of South African lives.

## Early life and education

Strydom went to Barberton Primary School and Barberton High School.

## Awards and recognition

South African National Order; The Order of the Baobab (GCOB) (2023).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ruald Strydom
- **image**: Ruald Strydom RS.png
- **birth place**: Pretoria, South Africa
- **nationality**: South African
- **occupation**: Philanthropist, entrepreneur
- **known for**: Member of the Order of the Baobab (2023)
- **awards**: Order of the Baobab (2023)
- **website**: http://www.rualdstrydom.com/
Edward B. Titchener

**Edward B. Titchener** (1867-1927) was a prominent figure in the field of psychology, best known for his role in developing structuralism, a school of thought that aimed to understand the basic elements of human consciousness. Born in Chichester, England, Titchener's intellectual pursuits led him to become a key figure in the early days of experimental psychology in the United States.

## Life and early career

Titchener began his academic journey at Malvern College in England before crossing the Atlantic to further his studies at Cornell University in the United States. Under the mentorship of the renowned psychologist Wilhelm Wundt, Titchener delved into the world of experimental psychology. He later earned his doctorate at Leipzig University, solidifying his foundation in the emerging field.

In 1892, Titchener returned to Cornell as a professor, where he would leave an indelible <small>(inerasable)</small> mark on the landscape of psychology. Throughout his career, he exhibited a passion for understanding the intricacies of the human mind through systematic observation and experimentation.

### Structuralism and Titchener's approach

Titchener's most significant contribution to psychology lies in his development and promotion of structuralism. This school of thought aimed to analyze the fundamental components of conscious experience, breaking it down into its basic elements or "structures." Titchener believed that by identifying and understanding these elements, one could comprehend the complexities of the mind.

To explore these mental structures, Titchener relied heavily on introspection, a method where individuals would reflect on their thoughts and experiences. Subjects were asked to describe their sensations, feelings, and perceptions in response to specific stimuli, allowing Titchener to build a systematic framework for understanding the mind.

### Legacy and criticisms

Despite its influence, structuralism faced criticisms, and Titchener's reliance on introspection drew skepticism from other psychologists. The approach's subjectivity and the challenge of replicating findings limited its impact on the broader field. Titchener's death in 1927 marked the decline of structuralism, giving way to other psychological perspectives.

While structuralism may not dominate contemporary psychology, Titchener's contributions paved the way for the development of psychological theories and methodologies. His dedication to the scientific exploration of the mind continues to be recognized and studied, making Edward B. Titchener a notable figure in the history of psychology.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Edward B. Titchener
- **image**: Edward_B._Titchener.jpg
- **birth name**: Edward Bradford Titchener
- **birth date**: 11 January 1867
- **birth place**: Chichester, England
- **death place**: Ithaca, New York, Ithaca, New York (state), New York, US
- **nationality**: English
- **field**: Psychology
- **work institutions**: Cornell University
- **doctoral advisor**: Wilhelm Wundt
- **prizes**: British undergraduate degree classification#Variations in classification, Double First (Classics, Biology), Oxford (1889)
Polypedates subansiriensis

**Subansiri's tree frog** (_Polypedates subansiriensis_) is a frog.  It lives in India.

Scientists saw this frog near a river, 1550 meters above sea level.
Mital-U

**mital-U** is a record label from Switzerland. It started in 1996 by Bruno Waser. Some of the artists on the label are Crazy, Grauzone, The Vyllies, and mittageisen.

## History

In 1980, Bruno Waser produced the first Swiss punk LP (Crazy). Then, he produced more records for the band Crazy and the dark-wave band mittageisen.

In 1991, Bruno released a compilation CD for Crazy. In 1994, he released an album for mittageisen called alles ist anders ... nichts hat sich geändert (everything is different ... nothing has changed).

In 1995, Bruno saw that the Internet could be good for sharing independent music. So, he started mital-U. In the following years the indie label produced records for bands like Grauzone, mittageisen, and The Vyllies.

mital-U also released music videos like Eisbär by Grauzone (2011) and automaten by mittageisen (2015). They're also involved in video projects about alternative music and subcultures.

## Artists

mital-U works or has worked with these artists:

- Crazy
- Toini
- mittageisen
- Grauzone
- The Vyllies
- mev2 (mittageisen v2)

## Infobox (record label)

- **name**: mital-U
- **founder**: Bruno Waser
- **country**: Switzerland
- **location**: Luzern
Moroccans

**Moroccans** () are the citizens and nationals of the Kingdom of Morocco. The country's population is predominantly composed of Amazigh (the indigenous people of North Africa), and Arabs, who arrived in Morocco in the 7th century during the Islamic conquests. Notable Berber tribes in Morocco include the _Baranis_ and the _Masmuda_, while Arab tribes include the _Banu Ma'qil_ and the _Rahamna_.

Moroccans speak Berber varieties which make 26% of the population of Morocco, either as a first language or bilingually with Arabic. Three different Berber dialects are spoken: Tarifit, spoken by 1.27 million mostly in the Rif mountains, Shilha, spoken by 3 to 4.5 million mostly in the Anti-Atlas mountains, and Central Atlas Tamazight, spoken by 2.3 million mostly in the Middle Atlas. Hassaniya Arabic is spoken in the southern part of the country, spoken by over 200,000 people.

Almost all Moroccans follow the religion of Islam. According to _WorldAtlas_, 30% of Moroccans are non-denominational Muslims, while two-thirds belong to the Sunni denomination. Other minority religions include Christianity, Judaism and Bahá'ísm.

Culturally, Moroccans practice the folklore equestrian tradition of tbourida.
Amerika Samoa

Amerika Samoa is the regional anthem of American Samoa. It was officially adopted as American Samoa’s national anthem. It was composed by Napoleon Andrew Tuiteleleapaga and its lyrics by Mariota Tiumalu Tuiasosopo.
TRT World

**TRT World** is a Turkish news channel in English language that operates 24/7 and is ran by TRT and is broadcasted from Ulus, Ankara. The channel provides worldwide news coverage which mainly focuses on Turkey, West Asia, South Asia, Europe, and Africa. The channel also has broadcasting centres in London and Washington, D.C. The channel is a member of the Association for International Broadcasting.

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: TRT World
- **image**: File:TRT World.svg
- **owner**: TRT
- **country**: Turkey
- **language**: English
- **headquarters**: Ulus, Ankara, Ulus, Ankara, Turkey
Australian Science and Mathematics School

**The Australian Science and Mathematics School** (**ASMS**) is a mixed-gender public high school for grades 10-12, located at Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia. It's open to students from anywhere, including overseas. The school focuses on getting students ready for university, especially in science and math, and uses a unique teaching approach that encourages students to love learning and manage their own education.

## Overview

The Australian Science and Mathematics School (ASMS) is a public, coeducational high school for students in grades 10-12, located at Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia. Open to students from all over, including internationally, it aims to prepare them for university, focusing on science and math. The school promotes self-directed learning and a passion for education among both students and teachers.

### School Features

Opened in 2003, ASMS has around 380 students and doesn't enforce a uniform policy to encourage cultural and social diversity. It benefits from a strong partnership with Flinders University, sharing many facilities and resources like the library and cafeteria. The school also collaborates on research projects through the Science and Technology Enterprise Partnership (STEP).

### Curriculum

ASMS specializes in science and mathematics but provides a broad curriculum that meets the South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE) requirements. It features interdisciplinary studies for younger students and standard subjects for Year 12. Notably, the school organizes a "Field Trip Week" for practical learning experiences.

### Adventure Space/Passion Project

For Year 10 and 11 students, ASMS offers the Passion Project (previously called Adventure Space), allowing them to explore areas such as dance, robotics, and paleontology. These projects, while not graded, offer students a chance to delve into personal interests and engage with the university environment.
Jesus, Take the Wheel

"**Jesus, Take the Wheel**" is a song by American singer Carrie Underwood from her debut studio album, _Some Hearts_ (2005).

## Music video

The music video for "Jesus, Take the Wheel" was directed by Roman White.

It premiered on CMT on November 24, 2005.

The video debuted at number 18 on CMT's _Top 20 Countdown_ for the week of January 5, 2006.

The video peaked at number 1 on CMT's _Top Twenty Countdown_ for two consecutive weeks in March 2006.
Juan Gregorio de las Heras

Juan Gualberto Gregorio de Las Heras (Buenos Aires, July 11, 1780-Santiago de Chile; February 6, 1866), an Argentine soldier, was a member of the Andes Army that participated in the wars of independence of Chile and Peru from the Spanish royalists and was governor of the Province of Buenos Aires. Later he led groups that opposed Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas in his exile in Chile.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Juan Gregorio de las Heras
- **image**: General Juan Gregorio Las Heras.jpg
- **office**: Governor of Buenos Aires Province
- **term start**: April 2, 1824
- **term end**: February 7, 1826
- **predecessor**: Martín Rodríguez (politician), Martín Rodríguez
- **successor**: Manuel Dorrego
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **death place**: Santiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile
- **allegiance**: United Provinces of South America
Chile
- **rank**: Grand Marshal
- **unit**: Army of the Andes
- **battles**: * British invasions of the River Plate
* Chilean War of Independence
** Siege of Chillán
** Battle of Cucha Cucha
** Battle of Membrillar
** Battle of Quechereguas (1814), Battle of Quechereguas
** Battle of Chacabuco
** Battle of Cancha Rayada (1818), Second Battle of Cancha Rayada
** Battle of Maipú
* Peruvian War of Independence
** First siege of Callao
Rustlers' Rhapsody

***Rustlers' Rhapsody*** is a 1985 American western comedy movie directed by Hugh Wilson. It stars Tom Berenger, G.W. Bailey, Marilu Henner, Andy Griffin, Fernando Rey, Sela Ward, Patrick Wayne, Jim Carter, Paul Maxwell and Christopher Malcolm. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and was a box office failure.
Temporary Home

"**Temporary Home**" is a 2009 song by country artist Carrie Underwood and is the second single from her third studio album _Play On_. It went to number 41 in the United States and number 65 in Canada. It also went to number 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2011.

## Music video

The music video for "Temporary Home" was directed by Deaton-Flanigen.

It premiered on CMT on February 4, 2010.

It made history on CMT's Top Twenty Countdown for being at number one for consecutive eight weeks.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Temporary Home
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Carrie Underwood
- **album**: Play On
- **length**: 4:28 (album version)
 4:19 (radio version)
- **label**: Arista Nashville
- **producer**: Mark Bright
- **prev title**: Cowboy Casanova
- **prev year**: 2009
- **next title**: Undo It
- **next year**: 2010
Red Lenses

"**Red Lenses**" is a 1984 song by Canadian progressive rock band Rush. It is the seventh track from their 10th studio album _Grace Under Pressure_. In the album's liner notes and lyrics are in lower case only.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Red Lenses
- **artist**: Rush (band), Rush
- **album**: Grace Under Pressure (Rush album), Grace Under Pressure
- **genre**: *Progressive rock
*new wave music, new wave
- **label**: Anthem Records, Anthem
- **composer**: * Geddy Lee
* Alex Lifeson
- **lyricist**: Neil Peart
- **producer**: *Rush
*Peter Henderson
1920 Revolution Brigades

The **1920 Revolution Brigades** were a Sunni militant group in the country of Iraq mainly made up of members of the former members of the Iraqi army from the rule of Saddam Husayn (l.a). The group was established by former members of the Iraqi army in 2003 at the start of the invasion of Iraq by US forces. The group used explosives and attacked members of the United States Armed Forces and  Kata'ib Hezbollah (n.a) The group was named after the Iraqi Revolt of 1920.

## Organization split

On March of 2007, somem mebers of the brigades broke off the group to create Hamas of Iraq. In a speech issued on the 18th of March 2007, the 1920 Revolution Brigades announced that it had split into two seperate brigades _Islamic Conquest_ and _Islamic Jihad_. Islamic Jihad renamed itself as the Twentieth Revolution Brigades while Islamic Conquest renamed itself Hamas of Iraq.

## Infobox (war faction)

- **name**: 1920 Revolution Brigades
- **war**: the Iraq War
- **image**: File:Shahadah Flag.svg
- **caption**: Jihadist flag commonly used by members of the 1920 Revolution Brigades in battle
- **active**: 2003–2007
- **ideology**: Sunni Islamism
 Iraqi nationalism
 Islamism
- **leaders**: Harith Zahir Khamis al-Dhari
- **headquarters**: Al Anbar Province
- **area**: Al Anbar Province
- **opponents**: Multinational force in Iraq, Coalition

Islamic State of Iraq
Kata'ib Hezbollah
- **successor**: Hamas of Iraq
- **slogan**: A Victory from Allah and an Imminent Conquest
Niagara Falls (Chicago song)

"**Niagara Falls**" is a 1987 song by Chicago. It was the fourth single from their 15th studio album _Chicago 18_ and only made number 91 in the United States.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Niagara Falls
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Chicago (band), Chicago
- **album**: Chicago 18
- **b-side**: I Believe
- **released**: June 1987
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
- **length**: 3:43
- **label**: Full Moon Records, Full Moon/Warner Bros. Records, Warner Bros.
- **writer**: Steve Kipner, Bobby Caldwell
- **producer**: David Foster
- **prev title**: If She Would Have Been Faithful...
- **prev year**: 1987
- **next title**: I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
- **next year**: 1988
Happy New Year (song)

"**Happy New Year**" is a 1980 song by ABBA. It was taken from their seventh studio album _Super Trooper_. It originally had a very limited release as a single in December. A Spanish-language version was released under the title "**Felicidad**". That version went to the top 5 in Argentina and Uruguay.

The song was covered by the A-Teens. The English-language version was released in late 1999 for the new millennium. It went to number 27 in Sweden, number 15 in the Netherlands, number 20 in Norway and number 75 in Germany.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Happy New Year
- **type**: single
- **artist**: ABBA
- **album**: Super Trouper (album), Super Trouper
- **b-side**: Andante, Andante
- **released**: 15 December 1980
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop, soft rock
- **length**: 4:23
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
- **prev title**: Super Trouper (song), Super Trouper
- **prev year**: 1980
- **next title**: Andante, Andante
- **next year**: 1981
West Midlands Combined Authority

The **West Midlands Combined Authority** (**WMCA**) is a combined authority for the West Midlands metropolitan county in the United Kingdom. It was established by statutory instrument under the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009. It is a strategic authority with powers over transport, economic development and regeneration. The authority formally came into being on 17 June 2016.

There are seven indirectly elected members, who are councillors from the seven West Midlands county local authorities, as well as the Mayor of the West Midlands, who is directly elected by the county's residents.

## Local authorities in the West Midlands county

- Birmingham City Council
- City of Wolverhampton Council
- Coventry City Council
- Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council
- Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council
- Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council
- Walsall Metropolitan Borough Council
There are also ten local authorities from outside the West Midlands county who have fewer rights

## Infobox (legislature)

- **name**: West Midlands Combined Authority
- **foundation**: 17 June 2016
- **house type**: Combined authority
- **jurisdiction**: West Midlands (county)
- **houses**: Unicameral
- **term limits**: None
- **preceded by**: West Midlands County Council
- **leader1 type**: Mayor of the West Midlands, Mayor of the West Midlands (Chair)
- **leader1**: Andy Street
- **party1**: Conservative Party (UK), Conservative
- **election1**: 5 May 2017
- **leader2 type**: Deputy Mayor of the West Midlands (Vice-Chair)
- **leader2**: Bob Sleigh
- **party2**: Conservative Party (UK), Conservative
- **election2**: 12 May 2017
- **leader3 type**: Chief Executive
- **leader3**: Laura Shoaf
- **election3**: 10 November 2021
- **members**: Mayor + 7 Council Leaders
- **political groups1**: *  Labour Party (UK), Labour (4)
*  Conservative Party (UK), Conservative (4) - inc. Mayor
- **voting system1**: Directly elected mayors in England and Wales, Direct election
Supplementary vote (SV)
- **last election1**: 2021 West Midlands mayoral election, May 2021
- **session room**: Centro House 3.JPG
- **meeting place**: 16 Summer Lane
Birmingham
Mayor of the West Midlands

The **Mayor of the West Midlands** is a directly elected political post who chairs the West Midlands Combined Authority..

The first election was on Thursday 4 May 2017. Andy Street, the first Mayor, was originally due to hold office for three years, with the second election for the post taking place in May 2020. That was delayed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so his term was extended by a year. The second term length was reduced to three years between 2021 and 2024. The Mayor's term of office will return to four years from 2024 thereafter.

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Mayor
- **body**: the West Midlands
- **insignia**: Mayor of the West Midlands Logo.svg
- **insigniasize**: 150px
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **department**: West Midlands Combined Authority
- **incumbent**: Richard Parker
- **incumbentsince**: 4th May 2024
- **style**: Mayor
- **seat**: 16 Summer Lane, Birmingham
- **appointer**: Electorate of West Midlands (County), West Midlands
- **appointer qualified**: by supplementary vote
- **termlength**: 4 years
- **member of**: West Midlands Combined Authority
- **formation**: 8 May 2017
- **constituting instrument**: Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016
- **inaugural**: Richard Parker
- **deputy**: Cllr Bob Sleigh
- **salary**: £79,000
Tristichopteridae

**Tristichopteridae** is a family of tetrapodomorphs from the Middle and Late Devonian. Some of them share some of the features of the elpistostegalians. The most well-known is probably _Eusthenopteron_.

A classic notion is that _Eusthenopteron_ was able to crawl onto land using its fins. However, no evidence believes this and is believed by many to be false.

## Description

These fish were large, and some species could exceed three meters. The smallest forms (_Tristichopterus_) attained lengths of 30 cm, and the largest forms (_Hyneria_) could grow several meters long.

The pelvis had long, tapering pubic branches that met in a cartilaginous symphysis. The ventral fins contained the femur, tibia, and fibula. The lobed pectoral fins were usually robust. Tristichopterids had large, flat heads with sharp teeth.

## Taxonomy

- _Cabonnichthys_
- _Canningius_
- _Edenopteron_
- _Eusthenodon_
- _Eusthenopteron_
- _Heddleichthys_
- _Hyneria_
- _Jarvikina_
- _Langlieria_
- _Mandageria_
- _Notorhizodon_
- _Platycephalichthys_
- _Tristichopterus_

## Some images

Here is a gallery of a few members of the Tristichopteridae:

## References

- Thomson, K. S. (1968). "A new Devonian fish (Crossopterygii: Rhipidistia) considered in relation to the origin of the Amphibia". _Postilla_. 124.
Hyneria

***Hyneria*** is an extinct genus of big lobe-finned fish that lived in the late Devonian. The genus name comes from the village of Hyner, Pennsylvania, which is near where the first specimen was found. _Hyneria_ would've been as long as around 2 to 4 meters in length, and would've weighed around 2 tons. It swam in rivers.

## Other websites

- Hyneria  at Devonian Times
Antena Stars

**Antena Stars** is a Romanian television channel. It started broadcasting on 9 April 2007

On 16 December 2013 the television station changed its name from **Antena 2** to **Antena Stars**.

## Other websites

- AntenaStars.ro

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Antena Stars
- **logo**: Antena_Srars_Logo_(2022-present).png
- **launch date**: 9 April 2007 (as Antena 2)
16 December 2013 (as Antena Stars)
- **closed date**: 17 December 2013 (as Antena 2)
- **owner**: Antena TV Group (Intact Media Group)
- **picture format**: 1080i HDTV
 <small>(downscaled to 576i for the SDTV feed)</small>
- **country**: Romania
- **area**: Romania
- **sister channels**: Antena 1 (Romania), Antena 1
Antena 3 CNN
Happy Channel (Romanian TV channel), Happy Channel
ZU TV
- **website**: [https://antenastars.ro/ www.antenastars.ro]
Antena 3 CNN

**Antena 3 Cable News Network**, known as **Antena 3 CNN**, formerly **Antena 3** (), is a Romanian news channel owned by Antena 3 S.A. and part of the Intact Media Group. it focuses on news programmes and current events, mainly with political and economic topics. It was launched on June 27, 2005 as the third Romanian 24-hour news channel, after Realitatea TV being the first television channel launched in 2001 and N24 being the second television channel launched in 2004, which was later transformed into a generalist television channel in 2010.

## Other websites

- Antena 3 CNN official website (in Romanian)

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Antena 3 CNN
- **launch date**: 27 June 2005
- **network**: Antena Group
- **owner**: Antena 3 S.A. (Intact Media Group)
Warner Bros. Discovery
 (Brand licensing of CNN)
- **picture format**: 1080i HDTV
 <small>(downscaled to 576i for the SDTV feed)</small>
- **country**: Romania
- **area**: Romania
- **headquarters**: Bulevardul Dimitrie Pompeiu, nr. 9-9A, Complex Iride Business Park, Bucharest, Romania
- **former names**: Antena 3 (2005-2022)
- **sister channels**: Antena 1 (Romania), Antena 1
Antena Stars
Happy Channel (Romanian TV channel), Happy Channel
ZU TV
- **website**: [http://www.antena3.ro www.antena3.ro]
- **online serv 1**: AntenaPlay
ZU TV

**ZU TV** is a Romanian music television channel, owned by Intact Media Group, the largest Romanian media group.

ZU TV was launched on July 1, 2013 online as ZU Channel broadcasting non-stop music. From April 3, 2014, the channel launched on TV under its current name, replacing GSP TV.

In November 2022, ZU TV changed its format, from a general channel to a music channel.

## Shows

- ZU News
- Eat, Sleep, ZU Repeat
- ZU Most Wanted
- ZU Party Romanian Tour
- BIG IN
- K-Pop
- Celebrity Playlist
- ZUnrise
- Face 2 Face

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: ZU TV
- **launch date**: April 3, 2014
- **picture format**: 1080i HDTV
 <small>(downscaled to 576i for the SDTV feed)</small>
- **owner**: Antena TV Group (Intact (group of companies), Intact Media Group)
- **country**: Romania
- **area**: Romania
- **sister channels**: Antena 1 (Romania), Antena 1
Antena Stars
Antena 3 CNN
Happy Channel (Romanian TV channel), Happy Channel
Antena Internațional
- **replaced**: GSP TV