juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
British Army

The **British Army** is the army of the British Armed Forces, the military of the United Kingdom. The British Army came into being with unification of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. The new British Army included regiments that had already existed in England and Scotland and was administered by the War Office from London. Since 1963, it has been managed by the Ministry of Defence. Around a quarter of soldiers in the British Army are in the Infantry.

Under Oliver Cromwell, the English Army was active in the conquest and settlement of Ireland since the 1650s. The Cromwellian campaign was characterised by its uncompromising treatment of Irish towns that had supported the Royalists during the English Civil War.

Since the Seven Years' War ebded in 1763, the British have been one of the leading military and economic powers of the world. The British Empire expanded to include colonies, protectorates, and dominions throughout the Americas, Africa, Asia and Australasia. Although the Royal Navy is widely regarded as having been vital for the rise of the empire and British dominance of the world, the British Army also played important roles in colonisation.

The British Army was heavily involved in the Napoleonic Wars by serving in Spain and the rest of Europe and in North Africa. The war between the British and the French Empires stretched around the world. The British Army finally came to defeat Napoleon at one of Britain's greatest military victories at the Battle of Waterloo.

## Other websites

- British Army Website
- Regiments and Corps of the British Army: An Introductory Overview Regiments
City Loop

**The Melbourne City Loop** is where Melbourne, Victoria's railway lines meet. Most of the stations are under the ground. The stations in the loop are Flinders Street Station, Southern Cross Station, Parliament, Melbourne Central and Flagstaff.
Fudge

**Fudge** is a kind of candy which is made by mixing sugar, butter, and milk. It is heated up to 240 degrees Fahrenheit (116 degrees Celsius) and beaten until it becomes smooth.

Many things can be added to fudge, like fruits, nuts, chocolate, and caramel.

Fudge is often sold in gift shops in places where there are a lot of tourists.

## Related pages

- Toffee
Romani

**Romani** may refer to:
- (Romani people mistakenly), correctly Roma people, an ethnic group of Northern Indian origin, living in Europe, the Americas and Asia. Romani is used for the language.
    - Romani genocide, under Nazi rule
- Romani language
- Romanichal, Romani subgroup in the British Isles.

## Other uses

Romani is the plural of _Romanus_ (Latin for Roman).
Sinti

**Sinti** (Singular masc.=Sinto; sing. fem.=Sintisa) is the name of some communities of the nomadic people usually called "**Gypsies**" in English.  This includes communities known in German and Dutch as _Zigeuner_ and in Italian as _Zingari_. Sinti are their own ethnic group even though they often get confused with Romani People due to the term „Gypsies“, which is considered generic and also oudated.

While the Sinti were, until quite recently, chiefly nomadic, today only a small percentage of the group remains unsettled.  In earlier times, they frequently lived on the outskirts of communities.

Sinti are a Christian group of people who are said to have been originated in India, which is often denied by Sinti themselves. Their true origin is still disputed to this day. Today, Sinti are mostly found in Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, France and Italy.

The Sinti language is called Sintikes.

The Sinti arrived in Germany and Austria in the Middle Ages, eventually splitting into two groups: _Eftavagarja_ ("the Seven Caravans") and _Estraxarja_ ("from Austria"). These two groups then expanded, the Eftavagarja into France, where they called locally as (Manouches), Spain and Portugal where they called Gitanos, Calo or Ciganos, and the Estraxarja into Italy and Slovenia, eventually taking various regional names.

## Further reading

- Walter Winter, Struan Robertson (Translator) _Winter Time: Memoirs of a German who Survived Auschwitz_ Hertfordshire Publications, (2004),
    - Reviewed by Emma Brockes "We had the same pain" in _The Guardian_ November 29, 2004
- Open Society Intitute: The Situation of Roma in Germany (2002)
Strapping Young Lad

**Strapping Young Lad** was a metal band from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They played extreme metal. These people played in the band: Devin Townsend (guitar, vocals), Jed Simon (guitar, vocals), Byron Stoud (bass, vocals), Gene Hoglan (drums). The band went on an extended break and disbanded in 2007.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Heavy as a Really Heavy Thing_ (1995)
- _City_ (1997)
- _Strapping Young Lad_ (2003)
- _Alien_ (2005)
- _The New Black_ (2006)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Strapping Young Lad
- **img**: StrappingYoungLad.jpg
- **img capt**: Strapping Young Lad in 2006, left to right: Byron Stroud, Gene Hoglan (shown back with drums), Devin Townsend and Jed Simon.
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- **genre**: Experimental metal, extreme metal, progressive metal, thrash metal
- **years active**: 1994–2007
- **label**: Century Media Records, Century Media
- **associated acts**: The Wildhearts, The Devin Townsend Band, Punky Brüster, Steve Vai, Zimmers Hole, Tenet (band), Tenet, Fear Factory, Dethklok, Pitch Black Forecast
- **past members**: Devin Townsend
Jed Simon
Byron Stroud
Gene Hoglan
Adrian White (musician), Adrian White
Chris Bayes
Chris Meyers
Rock climbing

**Rock climbing** is a sport where someone uses their hands and feet to climb up a rock or an artificial climbing wall. Rock climbing is a difficult sport because you need to have a lot of strength. Rock climbers must know how to use ropes, carabiners and harnesses for their own safety.

## Types of rock climbing

Because of many different kinds of rocks around the world, many different kinds of climbing started.

- Solo climbing is where the climber's own physical strength and skill are relied on to do the climb. Anchors, ropes and protection are used to back up the climber, but are only there in case of a fall and are not actively used to help the person do the climb.
- Bouldering is climbing on short, low walls (usually less than 5 meters tall) To boulder, one  does not need  to use safety equipment. Special mats  are used to cushion the drop.
- Free solo climbing is when a climber climbs alone, without somebody belaying them. Free soloing is climbing alone without the use of any rope or protection system whatsoever.
- Lead climbing is used when the rope is not on top yet. The person must tie the rope to their harness and then climb up the wall. On the way the climber puts the rope through a carabiner every few metres. Here the person at the bottom must use a belay device, and feed rope up to the climber. This is unlike top roping, where the belayer instead takes up rope using a belay device.
- Top roping is when the rope is already anchored at the top of the route. Safety equipment is needed here but many people say this kind is the safest. The belayer must only keep the rope tight by using a knot or a belay device, like a Grigri or Atc.
- Auto belay climbing
Doug Henning

**Douglas James Henning** (May 3, 1947 – February 7, 2000) was a Canadian magician, illusionist and escape artist. He was born in Winnipeg. He helped make magic shows more popular in the 1970s.

Henning's approach to magic and performing was different from earlier magicians. While magicians usually performed in black formal wear, Henning wore colorful clothes. He also studied psychology in college, to know how the human mind works.

Henning is credited by many for the resurgence of the public's interest in magic, thanks to his breakthrough Broadway show, _The Magic Show,_ which opened in 1974 and ran for almost five years. This was followed by eight television specials on NBC (the first of which remains the most watched magic television special in history, with over fifty million viewers). In 1982, he appeared in another Broadway show, _Merlin_, which ran for seven months. The magic in _Merlin_ was met with accolades. However, critics did not like the show's book and music.

Henning was a spokesperson for Polaroid, TWA, Minolta and Chrysler.

He was a student of the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, and used transcendental meditation to help him focus and to relax. He tried to help the Maharishi open a theme park, called Vedaland. Henning also ran for public office in Canada, but lost the election.

Henning died in 2000 of liver cancer in Los Angeles. Instead of normal medical treatments, he tried to cure himself through natural remedies and diet, but this did not work. After his death, Henning's widow kept the Vedaland campaign going.
Glen Canyon Dam

**Glen Canyon Dam** is a large dam on the Colorado River. It is in Page, Arizona. The dam is 583 feet high and it is 1,560 feet wide. It creates Lake Powell which is 186 miles long. The purpose of the dam is to create electricity and to prevent floods. The reservoir can store 27 million acre-feet of water (which is the amount of water that can cover one acre to 1 foot deep). Construction of the dam began in 1956. It was able to begin storing the flow of the river in 1963.

## Other websites

- Glen Canyon National Recreation Area
- Glen Canyon Dam page from the Bureau of Reclamation
- Images of Glen Canyon before it was flooded
- Article by David Brower on restoring Glen Canyon
- The Glen Canyon Institute
- 1995 Glen Canyon EIS
- New Environmental Impact Assessment of the Glen Canyon Dam (2006)
Superunknown

***Superunknown*** is the fourth studio album by the American rock band Soundgarden. The album was released in 1994. The album is well known thanks to singles like "Black Hole Sun", "Spoonman" and "Fell on Black Days".

## Track listing

1. "Let Me Drown" (Chris Cornell) – 3:51
1. "My Wave" (Cornell, Kim Thayil) – 5:12
1. "Fell on Black Days" (Cornell) – 4:42
1. "Mailman" (Matt Cameron, Cornell) – 4:25
1. "Superunknown" (Cornell, Thayil) – 5:06
1. "Head Down" (Ben Shepherd) – 6:08
1. "Black Hole Sun" (Cornell) – 5:18
1. "Spoonman" (Cornell) – 4:06
1. "Limo Wreck" (Cameron, Cornell, Thayil) – 5:47
1. "The Day I Tried to Live" (Cornell) – 5:19
1. "Kickstand" (Cornell, Thayil) – 1:34
1. "Fresh Tendrils" (Cameron, Cornell) – 4:16
1. "4th of July" (Cornell) – 5:08
1. "Half" (Shepherd) – 2:14
1. "Like Suicide" (Cornell) – 7:01
1. "She Likes Surprises" (Cornell) – 3:17

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Superunknown
- **type**: Album
- **artist**: Soundgarden
- **released**: March 8, 1994
- **recorded**: July 1993 – September 1993 at Bad Animals Studio, Seattle, Washington
- **genre**: * Grunge
* alternative metal
*
* alternative rock
* psychedelic rock
- **length**: 70:13
73:30 (international edition)
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M
- **producer**: Michael Beinhorn, Soundgarden
- **prev title**: Badmotorfinger
- **prev year**: 1991
- **next title**: Down on the Upside
- **next year**: 1996
Badmotorfinger

***Badmotorfinger*** is the third studio album by the American rock band Soundgarden. It is one of Soundgarden's best-selling albums. The album was released on October 8, 1991.

## List of songs

1. "Rusty Cage" (Chris Cornell) – 4:26
1. "Outshined" (Cornell) – 5:11
1. "Slaves & Bulldozers" (Cornell, Ben Shepherd) – 6:56
1. "Jesus Christ Pose" (Matt Cameron, Cornell, Shepherd, Kim Thayil) – 5:51
1. "Face Pollution" (Cornell, Shepherd) – 2:24
1. "Somewhere" (Shepherd) – 4:21
1. "Searching with My Good Eye Closed" (Cornell) – 6:31
1. "Room a Thousand Years Wide" (Cameron, Thayil) – 4:06
1. "Mind Riot" (Cornell) – 4:49
1. "Drawing Flies" (Cameron, Cornell) – 2:25
1. "Holy Water" (Cornell) – 5:07
1. "New Damage" (Cornell, Thayil, Cameron) – 5:40

## _Satanoscillatemymetallicsonatas_

_Satanoscillatemymetallicsonatas_ was a bonus CD included with some editions of _Badmotorfinger_ (like how _Songs from the Superunknown_ was included with _Superunknown_). The title is a palindrome ("Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas.")

### List of songs

1. "Into the Void" (Black Sabbath cover) – 6:37
1. "Girl U Want" (Devo cover) – 3:29
1. "Stray Cat Blues" (The Rolling Stones cover) – 4:46
1. "She's a Politician" (Cornell) – 1:48
1. "Slaves & Bulldozers" (live) – 8:38

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Badmotorfinger
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Soundgarden
- **released**: October 8, 1991
- **recorded**: March 1991 – April 1991 at Studio D, Sausalito, California, Sausalito, California; Bear Creek Studios, Woodinville, Washington, Woodinville, Washington; and A&M Studios, Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, California
- **genre**: Alternative metal, Heavy metal music, heavy metal, Grunge music, grunge
- **length**: 57:48
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M
- **producer**: Terry Date, Soundgarden
- **prev title**: Loudest Love
- **prev year**: 1990
- **next title**: Superunknown
- **next year**: 1994
Bernoulli's principle

**Bernoulli's principle** is an idea of fluid dynamics. It says that as speed of the fluid increases, pressure decreases. The photo on the right shows this happening. The air in the wide part of the tube has a higher static pressure than the thin part. For a steady flow, the amount of fluid entering the pipe must equal the amount leaving the pipe, so the fluid speed in the thin part must increase.

When a force acts over an area, it is called "pressure". A higher pressure pushes (accelerates) fluid toward lower pressure.  So any change in a fluid's speed must be matched by a change in pressure (force).  Bernoulli saw that while the fluid moved more quickly in the smaller part of the tube, the pressure became less.  Please note that this refers to changes in speed and pressure along a single path of flow and does not apply to two different flows at different speeds.

The full version of Bernoulli's principle includes both the work by the pressure and by the changes in potential energy from changes in height. In this form, the principle says the total of the pressure, kinetic energy, and potential energy is a constant. (Bernoulli does not consider viscosity or compressibility.)
Book of Proverbs

The **Book of Proverbs** is a book in both the Tanakh (Judaism), and the Old Testament (Christianity). The book contains some important teaching and instructions in each of these respective Religions.  While some verses teach duty to God, many can be seen as good advice.  Even nonreligious persons may find this advice to be useful.

## Author

Most scholars believe that Solomon was the writer of at least part of the book. Other authors are mentioned as well, but these references are  missing in the Greek Septuagint. The Septuagint sees  King Solomon as the author of the whole Book of Proverbs. In the Middle Ages, scholars thought the Vulgate was a more faithful rendering of 30:1 and 31:1. In their eyes the words "Agur" and "Lamuel" were only other names for Solomon.
|1:1|Solomon|
| --- | --- |
|10:1|Solomon|
|25:1|Solomon (as copied by Hezekiah's men)|
|30:1|Agur son of Jakeh|
|31:1|Lemuel (or his mother)|
|31:10-31|Unknown author|

## When it was Written

Dates for the writing of the book are unclear. Because of suggested authorship of Solomon, and the workings of Hezekiah's men, there are some dates that can be worked with. However, there are not enough to give specific timing to the completion of the book, though it could have been as late as third century BC

## Content

The first part of the book (Chapters 1-10) is mainly praise for Wisdom. Wisdom is personified as a woman.  This does not mean that an actual person is spoken of.  Christians believe that Jesus is the person who most shows the wisdom of God. (Colossians 2:3).  Some of the attributes of Jesus are said to be found in the "Wisdom" of the Book of Proverbs. This first section also advises young men not to go to prostitutes.

The center part of the book (Chapters 10-29) contains many "stand alone" verses.  These are in the form of Hebrew Poetry.  Each verse has two parts.  The second part may give the opposite side of some advice, such as "Hard workers get rich, lazy people become poor".  In other cases the two halves repeat the same idea again, but in different words.

The final chapter is a famous poem of praise to "a virtuous woman".  This chapter was from "King Lemuel", but was taught him by his mother.  It is one of the few parts of the Bible which has a female author.

## Other websites

- The Book of Proverbs (King James Version)
- The Book of Proverbs (New International Version)
Welwitschia

***Welwitschia*** or _Welwitschia mirabilis_ is known as one of the oldest living plants. It can be called a "living fossil". The plant is mainly found in the deserts of Namibia. Some of these plants may be more than 5000 years old. This would make them the oldest living things on Earth.

It is named after the discoverer, Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch. The plant is locally called "**long haired thing**". Its structure consists of a short, woody, top-shaped stem, and never more than two leaves, which are enormously long, (two or three metres) and break up at the ends.
Petasites

***Petasites*** is a genus of herbs with leaves in the shape of a heart in the family Asteraceae. The common English name of petasites is _Butterbur_. Plants of this genus grow near rivers and other water places in Europe, Asia and North America.

In general, the leaves are very big. Its root is very long and grows very quickly. Flowers are white, yellow, white-yellow or white-red, they are small and in a great number.

Butterbur is used in medical purposes, but there is a poison in all parts of the plant.

Some species of Butterbur are cultivated as a garden plant.

## Other websites

- Germplasm Resources Information Network: _Petasites_
- ITIS: _Petasites_
- NCBI: _Petasites_
- eFloras
- Species of Petasites
Death Angel

**Death Angel** is  a thrash metal band from Concord, California. They played from 1982 to 1991. In 2001 they started to play again. All of their members are from the Philippines. The members are: Mark Osegueda (vocals) Rob Cavestany (guitar, vocals), Ted Aguilar (guitar), Andy Galeon (drums), Dennis Pepa (bass, vocals)

## Discography

- _Kill as One_ (1986) (demo)
- _The Ultra-Violence_ (1987)
- _Frolic Through the Park_ (1988)
- _Act III_ (1990)
- _Fall From Grace_ (1990) (live album)
- _The Art of Dying_ (2004)
- _Killing Season_ (2008)
- _Relentless Retribution_ (2010)
- _The Dream Calls for Blood_ (2013)
- _The Evil Divide_ (2016)
- _Humanicide_ (2019)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Death Angel
- **img**: Death angel saunaopenair2010.jpg
- **img capt**: Playing at Sauna Open Air Metal Festival 2010
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States
- **genre**: Thrash metal
- **years active**: 1982–1991
2001–present
- **label**: Enigma Records, Enigma, Geffen Records, Geffen, Nuclear Blast
- **associated acts**: Big Shrimp, The Organization (band), The Organization, Swarm (band), Swarm
- **url**: [http://www.deathangel.com Official site]
- **current members**: Mark Osegueda
Rob Cavestany
Ted Aguilar
Will Carroll
Damien Sisson
- **past members**: Andy Galeon
 Gus Pepa
Dennis Pepa
Sammy Diosdado
Arch Enemy

**Arch Enemy** is a melodic death metal band from Sweden. They started in 1996. The members are: Alissa White-Gluz (vocals), Michael Amott (guitar, vocals), Jeff Loomis (guitar), Sharlee D'Angelo, (bass) Daniel Erlandsson (drums).

### Studio albums

- 1996: _Black Earth_
- 1998: _Stigmata_
- 1999: _Burning Bridges_
- 2001: _Wages of Sin_
- 2003: _Anthems of Rebellion_
- 2005: _Doomsday Machine_
- 2007: _Rise of the Tyrant_
- 2011: _Khaos Legion_
- 2014: _War Eternal_
- 2017: _Will to Power_
- 2022: _Deceivers_

### EPs

- 2002: _Burning Angel_
- 2004: _Dead Eyes See No Future_
- 2007: _Revolution Begins_

### Live albums and DVDs

- 1999: Burning Japan Live
- 2006: Live Apocalypse (Live DVD)
- 2007: Revolution Begins (DVD)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Arch Enemy
- **img**: Arch Enemy 2015.JPG
- **img capt**: Arch Enemy performing live in 2014
(from left to right: Michael Amott, Sharlee D'Angelo, Daniel Erlandsson, Alissa White-Gluz, and Jeff Loomis).
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Halmstad, Sweden
- **genre**: Melodic death metal
- **years active**: 1996–present
- **label**: Century Media Records, Century Media, Regain Records, Wrong Again
- **associated acts**: Armageddon (band), Armageddon, Candlemass, Carcass (band), Carcass, Carnage (band), Carnage, Dismember (band), Dismember, Eucharist (band), Eucharist, In Flames, Liers in Wait, Mercyful Fate, Mistress (German band), Mistress, Opeth, Sinergy, Spiritual Beggars, Witchery (band), Witchery
- **url**: [http://www.archenemy.net/ www.archenemy.net]
- **current members**: Michael Amott
Daniel Erlandsson
Sharlee D'Angelo
Alissa White-Gluz
Jeff Loomis
- **past members**: Johan Liiva
Martin Bengtsson
Peter Wildoer
Christopher Amott
Nick Cordle
Angela Gossow
Trivium

**Trivium** may mean:

- Trivium (band) - an American heavy metal band
- Trivium (cipher), a synchronous stream cipher
- Trivium (liberal arts), in medieval educational theory

he:בוגר אוניברסיטה#מקור השם
Living fossil

**Living fossil** refers to life forms which have survived with little change for a long time, and which are still around today.

- Horseshoe crabs are a typical case of living fossil. They have changed little in appearance since the Ordovician period, 450 million years ago.

- Crocodilians first appeared 220 million years ago, and are close relatives of the dinosaurs. However, modern crocodiles only date back to the Upper Cretaceous of 84 million years ago.

- Turtles are first known from 215 million years ago, but for some reason they are not often mentioned as living fossils.

- The Tuatara, from New Zealand, is the sole survivor of a whole order of reptiles, the Sphenodontia. 200 million years ago the group (sister to the lizards and snakes) was quite common.

- The Coelacanth is definitely a living fossil. It is the closest link between fish and the first amphibians (408362 million years ago). The Coelacanth was thought to have been extinct for 80 million years until one was caught alive off the east African coast in 1938. It is therefore also a Lazarus taxon.

- The Ginkgo tree, _Ginkgo biloba_, is a good example from the world of plants. It is a gymnosperm. It was thought to be long extinct in the wild, but is now known to grow in at least two small areas in China. The first similar fossils date from the Permian period, 270 million years ago.

- _Lingula_, a brachiopod, is a genus which has lasted since the Ordovician, 488 million years ago. The modern species are almost the same as the first fossils.

Living fossils are not identical to their ancestors, of course. But they lived in the same or similar environments, and their adaptations suggest that their life-style was the same, or very similar.

|||
| --- | --- |
|colspan="2" style="font-size:90%;"|**Figure 11.8**: Fossil _Lingula_ (left) and modern _Lingula_ (right).|
Caliban (band)

**Caliban** is a metal band from Hattingen, Germany. They started in 1997. They play _metalcore_ which is mixture of Hardcore and Heavy metal. The members are: Andreas Dörner (vocals),   Denis Schmidt (guitar, vocals), Marc Görtz (guitar), Marco Schaller (bass, vocals) and Patrick Grün (drums).

## Discography

- _Demo Tape_ (1997)
- _Caliban (EP)_ (1998)
- _A Small Boy and a Grey Heaven (1999)
- _The Split Program_ with Heaven Shall Burn (2000)
- _Vent_ (2001)
- _Shadow Hearts_ (2003)
- _The Opposite from Within_ (2004)
- _The Split Program II_ with Heaven Shall Burn (2005)
- _The Undying Darkness_ (2006)
- _The Awakening_ (2007)
- _Say Hello To Tragedy'' (2009)

## Other websites

- Official site
- Caliban at MySpace
- Caliban  at Roadrunner Records
- Caliban  at Century Media Records

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Caliban
- **img**: Caliban_2007_12_22_Riga_Latvia.jpg
- **img capt**: Caliban in pictured in Singapore above
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Hattingen, Germany
- **genre**: Metalcore, deathcore
- **years active**: 1997–present
- **label**: Lifeforce Records, Lifeforce, Roadrunner Records, Roadrunner, Century Media Records, Century Media
- **url**: [http://www.calibanmetal.com/ Official site]
- **current members**: Andreas Dörner
Denis Schmidt
Marc Görtz
Marco Schaller
Patrick Grün
- **past members**: Andreas Nikolaou
Engin Güres
Boris Pracht
Robert Krämer
NetBSD

**NetBSD** is an open source version of the Unix-derivative BSD computer operating system.

NetBSD is known for being very portable (able to work with a many kinds of computers), such as a small ARM or big amd64 Opteron computers. From the NetBSD website, it is advertised as being fast, secure, stable and highly portable.

When people use NetBSD, like most software, they must agree to a license.  The BSD license, which NetBSD uses, allows everyone to use, change, give away or sell NetBSD, as long as they do not take away the copyright notice and license text. This means people can make new things from NetBSD without having to give people the source code (information for the computer to make the program run).

## Related pages

- FreeBSD
- OpenBSD

## Other websites

- NetBSD homepage

## Infobox (os)

- **name**: NetBSD
- **screenshot**: NetBSD desktop.png
- **developer**: The NetBSD Foundation
- **family**: Unix-like
- **source model**: Open-source software, Open source
- **latest preview version**: 9.99.x
- **latest preview date**: Daily builds
- **kernel type**: Monolithic kernel, Monolithic with loadable kernel module, dynamically loadable modules, rump kernel
- **userland**: BSD
- **ui**: Unix shell
- **license**: Simplified BSD License, 2-clause BSD license
- **working state**: Current
- **supported platforms**: DEC Alpha, Alpha, ARM architecture, ARM, x86 (x86-32 and x86-64), PA-RISC, 68k, MIPS architecture, MIPS, PowerPC, SuperH, SH3, SPARC, RISC-V, VAX
- **package manager**: pkgsrc
Soilwork

**Soilwork** is a melodic death metal band from Helsingborg, Sweden. They started in 1996. They have made 7 albums until now. The members are: Bjørn „Speed“ Strid (vocals), Daniel Antonsson (guitar), Ola Flink, (bass), Dirk Verbeuren (drums) and Sven Karlsson (Keyboard).

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Soilwork
- **img**: Soilwork Rockharz 2016 11.jpg
- **img capt**: Soilwork performing at Rockharz Open Air 2016 in Germany
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: Inferior Breed
- **origin**: Helsingborg, Sweden
- **genre**: Melodic death metal, alternative metal
- **years active**: 1995−present
- **label**: Nuclear Blast, Century Media Records, Century Media, Listenable Records, Listenable
- **associated acts**: Aborted, Dark Tranquillity, Darkane, Dimension Zero (Swedish band), Dimension Zero, Disarmonia Mundi, Embraced, Evergrey, Kayser (band), Kayser, Lyzanxia, One-way Mirror, Scarve, Terror 2000, Yyrkoon (band), Yyrkoon, In Flames, Faithful Darkness, Coldseed
- **current members**: Soilwork#Band members, (see below)
Lamb of God

**Lamb of God** is an American metal band from Richmond, Virginia. They started in 1990. They play a style called groove metal with death metal influences. This style is similar to thrash metal but has more rhythm. Their music is very similar to Pantera's music. The members are Randy Blythe (vocals), Mark Morton (guitar), Willie Adler (guitar), John Campbell (bass) and Chris Adler (drums).

## Discography

- _Burn the Priest_ (1999)
- _New American Gospel_ (2000)
- _As the Palaces Burn_ (2003)
- _Ashes of the Wake_ (2004)
- _Killadelphia_ (2005)
- _Sacrament_ (2006)
- _Wrath_ (2009)
- _Resolution_ (2012)
- _VII: Sturm und Drang_ (2015)
- _Lamb of God_ (2020)
- _Omens_ (2022)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Lamb of God
- **image**: Lamb of God 09.jpg
- **caption**: Lamb of God live in 2009
- **image size**: 250
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Richmond, Virginia,
- **years active**: 1994–present
- **label**: Legion Records, Legion, Prosthetic Records, Prosthetic, Black Market Activities, Epic Records, Epic, Roadrunner Records, Roadrunner, Nuclear Blast
- **alias**: Burn the Priest (1994–1999)
- **current members**: John Campbell (bassist), John Campbell
Chris Adler (drummer), Chris Adler
Randy Blythe
Mark Morton (musician), Mark Morton
Willie Adler
- **past members**: Matt Conner
Abe Spear
Carabiner

A **carabiner** is a metal loop, which can be opened on one side. This side is called a gate. The other side is called spine. Carabiners are often used for rock climbing, sailing and canoeing. They also are used for construction of high buildings or window cleaning.  The word comes from the German word "_Karabinerhaken_", which means "hook for a carbine".

Climbing carabiners are very strong. Many can hold loads greater than 20 kN. When belaying a climber, using a belay device (such as a Grigri or an ATC), a carabiner with a locking feature must be used to prevent the carabiner from opening accidentally.

## Different types

- **HMS**: A special kind of carabiner is often used in rock climbing. HMS = HeMi Spherical. i.e. offset, or curved to one side.  HMS is also considered short for the German word, "Halbmastwurfsicherung", a knot which is called the Munter Hitch in English. The special offset shape of the HMS carabiner allows a climber to use the Munter Hitch for belaying without the rope getting stuck or jammed.
- **D-shape**: This type of carabiner sends most of the load to the spine side. This makes the carabiner stronger, but more expensive. Big D-shape carabiners are called _Offset-D_
- **Oval**: This type is the cheapest. They are often used in aid climbing or for organizing (racking) gear. They are usually not as strong as the other types of carabiners.

The last two types exist with and without locking devices. HMS carabiners usually are not produced without locking device. Non-locking-carabiners are often used in quickdraws.
Cyclamen

***Cyclamen*** is a genus of 20 species of flowering plants. It is in the Myrsinaceae family. The genus is most widely known by its scientific name **Cyclamen**. It may also be called **Persian violet** (it is not related to the violets), or **primrose** (neither is it a primrose). This is because Cyclamen has been part of the Primulaceae families.

Cyclamen come from the Mediterranean, from Spain to Iran. They are also found from northeast Africa to Somalia. They are perennial herbaceous aestivating plants, with a surface or underground tuber (derived from the hypocotyl) 4-12 cm diameter, which produces leaves in late winter, and flowers in the autumn; the leaves die down during the hottest part of the Mediterranean summer drought to save water. Each leaf or flower grows on its own stem, which shoots up from the hypocotyl. The variegation is thought by some botanists to be a form of natural disruptive camouflage to reduce grazing damage by animals.

The hypocotyl grows leaves and flowers on stems, either one flower or one leaf per stem. The stem for leaves and flowers appears identical except in height. The leaves grow on stems of around 6 cm height.

## Species

Here are the species of this genus:
- Cyclamen africanum
- Cyclamen alpinum
- Cyclamen balearicum
- Cyclamen cilicium
- Cyclamen colchicum
- Cyclamen coum
- Cyclamen creticum
- Cyclamen cyprium
- Cyclamen elegans
- Cyclamen graecum
- Cyclamen hederifolium
- Cyclamen intaminatum
- Cyclamen libanoticum
- Cyclamen mirabile
- Cyclamen parviflorum
- Cyclamen peloponnesiacumum
- Cyclamen persicum
- Cyclamen pseudibericum
- Cyclamen purpurascens
- Cyclamen repandum
- Cyclamen rohlfsianum
- Cyclamen somalense

## Bibliography

- Sundberg, M. D. 1982 Petal-stamen initiation in the genus Cyclamen (Primulaceae). _American Journal of Botany_ 69: 1707–1709
Bambi (character)

**Bambi** is the main character in the story of destiny _Bambi_ and Felix Salten's book _Bambi, A Life in the Woods_. He is a European Roe Deer. Bambi is also the main character in the Disney movies based on both the story of destiny and novel: _Bambi_, _Bambi II_ And _Bambi: The Reckoning_. In the movies, Bambi was an American white-tailed deer.

## Infobox (character)

- **colour**: #7BB0FF
- **name**: Bambi
- **image**: Bambi-Hans-Bertle.jpg
- **caption**: Grown-up Bambi in _Bambi's Children_, as drawn by Hans Bertle.
- **first**: _Bambi, a Life in the Woods_
- **creator**: Felix Salten
- **spouse**: Faline (mate)
- **children**: Geno and Gurri (twins)
Ferto
- **noinfo**: yes
- **gender**: Male
Grigri

A **Grigri** is a securing device for rock climbing. Unlike many other securing devices, a Grigri is half-automatic. It works like a seat belt in a car. The rope can be slowly pulled through, but if there is lot of weight on the rope the Grigri locks the rope. "Grigri" is a trademark of the company Petzl, but because it was the first half-automatic securing device, many people call devices of other companies also Grigri.
Jacmel

**Jacmel** (Kréyòl: _Jakmèl_) is a city in southeast Haiti, on the Caribbean coast, at the mouth of the river _Grande Rivière de Jacmel_. It is the capital city of the Sud-Est _Département_.

The city is in the _Baie de Jacmel_ ("Jacmel Bay") about 86 km south of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. It is also the chief town of an _arrondissement_ (a part of a department) with the same name. The _arrondissement_ has four _communes_ (a _commune_ is like a municipality): Jacmel, Cayes-Jacmel, La Vallée and Marigot.

## Name

_Jacci_ was the Taíno name for the region where is located Jacmel. It was changed to the Spanish word _Yáquimo_ (sometimes written as _Jáquimo_) and then to the French word Jacmel.

## History

Christopher Columbus gave the name _Puerto de Brasil_ ("Brazil port") to the place where Jacmel is now because there were many trees called "Brasil" (English: Brazilwood) in the region that were cut and sent to Spain; the tree has a yellow substance (and wood) that was used to give that color to hair, cloths and other objects.

In 1504, Nicolás de Ovando, Spanish governor of the Hispaniola, founded the town of _Villanueva de Yáquimo_ (or _Villanova de Yáquimo_). But people left the town and French people came to live here; in 1698, the new town of Jacmel was founded.

### Jacmel today

There are many beautiful old houses in Jacmel, from the 1880s. Since 2004, the 'Festival Film Jakmèl' is celebrated in Jacmel and, since 2007, the international music festival 'Festival Mizik Jakmèl'.

Many visitors come to Jacmel for its carnival, the  _Bassins Bleu_ waterfalls, and the white sand beaches near the city.

### Radio

- Radio Ambiance FM
- Ambiance TV
- Radio Anacaona
- Radio TéléDiffusion Jacmelienne
- Radio Télé-Express Continental
- Radio Vibration Inter
- Radio Jacmel Inter
- Radio Détente
- Radio Négritude
- Radio SemencesFM de Marbial

## Sister cities

Jacmel has sister relationships with:
- Palm Beach, Florida, USA
- Strasbourg,France

## Other websites

- Festival Film Jakmèl
- Festival Mizik Jakmèl
- Bonzouti.com - Web portal for Jacmel and the Sud-Est Department of Haiti
- Official Chamber of Commerce Website
- Website for Cayes-Jacmel
- Bassin-Bleu website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Jacmel
- **native name**: (Kréyòl): _Jakmèl_
- **image caption**: View of Jacmel
- **pushpin map**: Haiti
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Jacmel in Haiti
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Haiti
- **subdivision type1**: Province, Département
- **subdivision name1**: Sud-Est Department, Sud-Est
- **subdivision type2**: Arrondisement
- **subdivision name2**: Jacmel
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1698
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population total**: 22,563
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone (North America), Eastern
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Time Zone (North America), Eastern
- **utc offset dst**: -4
Honda S2000

The **Honda S2000** was a rear wheel drive roadster created by the car company Honda. The concept version of the S2000 was know as SSM and it was first shown in the Toyoko Motor Show in 2005. It was first on sale in April 1999. It was the successor (new model) of the S800. Production of the Honda S2000 ended in 2009.

## Models

**AP1**
The S2000 was introduced in 1999 as a 2000 model.

**AP2**
In 2004, the new S2000 was introduced.
Caliban

**Caliban** can mean:
- Caliban (character), a character from the play _The Tempest_
- Caliban (moon), a moon of Uranus
- Caliban (band), a metalcore band from Germany
- Caliban (comics), a mutant character in the Marvel Comics Universe
Narre Warren railway station

**Narre Warren Railway Station** is a railway station in Myki Zone 2, located in Narre Warren, Victoria. The station is on the Pakenham Line.

## History

The station opened four years after the railway between Dandenong and Pakenham was built, on 10 March 1882. It was built as a single platform station.

In 1956, a second rail from Dandenong was built, serving the new platform 2. In 1962, the new rail from Dandenong was extended to Berwick.

In October 2004, the Narre Warren-Cranbourne Road underpass was built.

In July 2021, a new Narre Warren station was proposed, this would move the station to a sky rail design, similar to those up the line at Carnegie, Murrumbeena, and etc. The construction started very soon after. The new station is said to be built by 2025.
Premium station

A **Premium station** is a term used in the Melbourne train system for a station at which there are better things than the other stations. There are currently 72 stations like this. All five City Loop stations are Premium stations, as well as the following stations -
Gary the Snail

**Gary the Snail** is SpongeBob's pet snail who lives with him in their pineapple house. He meows and acts like a cat. He cannot talk but SpongeBob can understand him. Gary is usually shown to be very smart. Gary the Snail is voiced by Tom Kenny.

## Infobox (character)

- **series**: SpongeBob SquarePants
- **name**: Gary the Snail
- **image**: Gary_(SpongeBob)_character.png
- **caption**: Gary the Snail
- **first**: Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants), Help Wanted (May 1, 1999)
- **occupation**: N/A
- **relatives**: **Parents**: Sluggo Star and Ms. Wilson</br/>**Grandparents**: Billy Bob Star and  Maw Tucket</br/>**Owner**: SpongeBob SquarePants (character), SpongeBob SquarePants</br/>**Uncle**: Herb Star</br/>**Aunt**: Margie Star</br/>**Cousins**: Patrick Star, Patrick and Sam Star</br/>**Daughter**: Alice</br/>**Son in-law**: Marvin
- **portrayer**: Tom Kenny
- **gender**: male
- **species**: sea snail
- **fullname**: Garold Gareth Wilson Jr.
Walker Percy

**Walker Percy** (May 28, 1916 – May 10, 1990) was an American author. He wrote a novel called _The Moviegoer_.
Talcott Parsons

**Talcott Parsons** (December 13 1902 – May 8 1979) was an American sociologist. He created a type of sociology called structural functionalism. Parsons worked at Harvard University from 1927 to 1973.
Edward Hopper

**Edward Hopper** (July 22, 1882 – May 15, 1967) was an American painter.  He created paintings called _The Nighthawks_ or _Chop Suey_.

## Related pages

- List of American painters
Elias Canetti

**Elias Canetti** (July 25, 1905 – August 14, 1994) was an Bulgarian-Swiss Jewish author who wrote _Crowds and Power_. A mountain in Antarctica is named for him.
Gao Xingjian

**Gao Xingjian** (born January 4, 1940), is a Chinese-French  writer. He was awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Literature.

He is also a stage director and a painter.

## Related pages

- List of Nobel Prize winners by country
- List of Chinese writers
- List of Chinese painters

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Gao Xingjian
- **image**: Gao Xingjian.jpg
- **birth place**: Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- **nationality**: China
France (since 1998)
- **occupation**: playwright, screenwriter, novelist, translator, critic, painter, director
- **period**: from 1982
English Renaissance drama

English Renaissance drama is sometimes called **Elizabethan drama**, since its most significant developments started when Elizabeth I was Queen of England from 1558 to 1603. But this name is not very accurate; the drama continued after Elizabeth's death, into the reigns of King James I (1603–1625) and his son King Charles I (1625–1649). Shakespeare, for example, started writing plays in the later years of Elizabeth's reign, but continued into the reign of James. When writing about plays from James's reign, scholars and critics sometimes use the term **Jacobean drama**; plays from Charles I's reign are called **Caroline drama**. (These names come from the Latin forms of the two kings' names, "Jacobus" for James and "Carolus" for Charles.) But for the subject as a whole, terms like English Renaissance drama or theatre are more accurate.

The year 1576 was a key date in this subject, since that is when the first permanent theatre building was built in London. It was called simply The Theatre, because it was the only place of its kind in England at the time. Before 1576, plays were acted in public halls and large houses, and in inns and public squares and courtyards and other open spaces, by troops of actors that mostly travelled around the countryside between cities and towns. Once the actors had a permanent place to act plays, they could develop their art without the constant need to travel. The Theatre was followed by other theatres in the London area; there were the Curtain, The Rose, the Swan, the Globe, and others too. More plays were written by more playwrights to fill these theatres.

Playwrights worked in both the classic types of drama, tragedy and comedy. They also began their own type of history play, mainly about earlier English kings and the events of their reigns. Shakespeare's _Richard III_ and Marlowe's _Edward II_ are two examples of this type of English history play. Plays were often written in poetry; early plays were mainly in rhymed verse, though as time passed playwrights came to prefer unrhymed blank verse. Prose was also used in some plays, mostly for comedy.

English Renaissance drama grew and developed until 1642, when it suddenly stopped. In the early years of the English Civil War, the Puritans who were fighting King Charles gained control of London and the region around it. The Puritans were against play-acting; they thought it was sinful and immoral. On September 2, 1642, the Puritans forced the London theatres to close, and to stay closed for most of the time until 1660. Then the English Restoration brought a new king, Charles II, who let the theatres re-open. In the 18-year gap between 1642 and 1660, English society had changed a good deal, and a new style of drama rose up in the Restoration era; it is usually called **Restoration drama** or **Restoration theatre**.

## Some important English Renaissance playwrights

- William Shakespeare
- Ben Jonson
- Christopher Marlowe
- John Lyly
- Robert Greene
- Thomas Dekker

- John Fletcher
- Thomas Middleton
- John Ford
- Philip Massinger
- James Shirley
- John Webster
Blank verse

The term **Blank verse** means poetry that does not use rhyme.

Blank verse relies on the meter of the lines in the poem to give structure, and to create the feeling of poetry as compared to prose. An example from William Wordsworth's poem _Michael_ shows  the lack of rhyme and the strict meter in blank verse – each line sticks fairly closely to the pattern of iambic pentameter:

- Upon the forest-side of Grasmere Vale
- There dwelt a shepherd, Michael was his name;
- An old man, stout of heart, and strong of limb.
- His bodily frame had been from youth to age
- Of an unusual strength: his mind was keen,
- Intense, and frugal, apt for all affairs,
- And in his shepherd's calling he was prompt
- And watchful more than ordinary men.

Many critics judge blank verse to be better than rhyme for serious subjects, and many poets have used blank verse for their most important works. Shakespeare used rhyme in his early plays, but in his more mature works like _Hamlet_ he preferred blank verse. John Milton wrote _Paradise Lost_ in blank verse, including a note at the beginning of the poem saying that rhyming poetry was used to disguise badly written poems, Lord Tennyson used it for _Idylles of the King_, and Wordsworth used it for _The Prelude_ and _The Excursion_. John Keats used rhyme in his _Endymion_, his first try at a major poem; for his second attempt, _Hyperion_, he switched to blank verse. The longest poems in English literature are written in blank verse, for example _The Fall of Nineveh_ by Edwin Atherstone or _King Alfred_ by John Fitchett. This last is about 130 000 lines long.

Many 20th century poets gave up both rhyme and the strict meter of blank verse to write free verse.

## Related pages

- Free verse

## Bibliography

Joseph Berg Esenwein, Mary Eleanor Roberts, _Art of Versification_. Revised edition. Springfield: 1920.
Cave of Altamira

**Altamira** (Spanish for 'high view') is a cave in Spain famous for its Upper Paleolithic cave paintings featuring drawings and coloured paintings of wild mammals and human hands. It is located near the town of _Santillana del Mar_ in Cantabria, Spain, 30 km west of the city of _Santander_. The cave with its paintings has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

The cave is approximately 300 meters long

## Further reading

- Curtis, Gregory. 2006. _The Cave Painters: probing the mysteries of the world's first artists_. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
- Guthrie, R. Dale. 2006. _The nature of prehistoric art_. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- McNeill, William H. Secrets of the Cave Paintings, _The New York Review of Books_, Vol. 53, # 16, October 19, 2006.

## Other websites

- Altamira Cave National Museum _In Spanish and English_
- The story of Altamira
- The website of UNESCO - Cave of Altamira

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **image**: 9 Bisonte Magdaleniense polícromo.jpg
- **image upright**: 1.2
- **location**: Santillana del Mar, Cantabria, Spain
- **part of**: Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain
- **criteria**: (iii), (i)
- **id**: 310-001
- **year**: 1985
- **extension**: 2008
- **locmapin**: Spain Cantabria#Spain
- **map caption**: Location in Cantabria, Spain
Altamira

**Altamira** could mean any of the following:

- Altamira (cave), a cave in Cantabria, Spain, famous for its cave paintings, and carving
- Altamira, Tamaulipas,  a port city in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas
- Altamira (Caracas) a neighborhood in Caracas, Venezuela
- Altamira, Pará, a city in the Brazilian state of Pará
- Altamira do Maranhão, a city in the Brazilian state of Maranhão
- Altamira Software, a computer software developer acquired by Microsoft in 1994
- Altamira, Dominican Republic, a municipality of the Puerto Plata province
- "Alta Mira", a song by Edgar Winter on their LP _They Only Come Out at Night_, 1972
- "The Caves of Altamira", a song by Steely Dan on their album _The Royal Scam_
- Altamira Retreat, a holiday retreat in Gloucester, Australia