juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
South African Navy

The **South African Navy** is the navy of the South African National Defence Force. The role of the South African Navy is to conduct naval operations in defence of the Republic of South Africa.

The current organisation of the South African Navy dates back to 1 April 1922, when the South African Naval Service (SANS) was created. (However, colonial naval volunteer units date back as far as 1861.) The South African Naval Service was later expanded and renamed to the South African Naval Forces (SANF). In 1951, the South African Naval Forces was renamed to the South African Navy and the ship title HMSAS (His Majesty's South African Ship) was changed to SAS (South African Ship) one year later.

## Strength

The South African Navy has a strength of 6,104 active military personnel. The navy is divided into a Combat Fleet and a Support Fleet. The Combat Fleet is made up of five Valour-class frigates, three Heroine-class submarines, three Warrior-class patrol vessels, three T-class patrol vessels, three River-class mine countermeasures vessels, and twenty-one Namacurra-class harbour patrol boats. The Support Fleet is made up of one replenishment vessel, one Hecla-class survey vessel, and three tugboats. The navy also includes an infantry-trained special forces unit called the Maritime Reaction Squadron (MRS).

## Infobox (military unit)

- **unit name**: South African Navy
- **image size**: 150px
- **start date**: 1851
- **type**: Navy
- **size**: 7,702 (active)
1,000 (reserve)
- **garrison**: SAS Saldanha, Saldanha Bay, Simon's Town, Durban, South Africa
- **colors**: Green and white
- **commander1**: Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula
- **commander1 label**: Minister of Defence and Veteran Affairs
- **commander2**: Vice Admiral Samuel Hlongwane, Mosuwa Samuel Hlongwane
- **commander2 label**: Chief of the Navy
- **commander4**: Senior Chief Warrant Officer Matee Molefe
- **commander4 label**: Master at Arms of the Navy
- **notable commanders**: ADM Hugo Biermann
- **identification symbol**:
- **identification symbol label**: Ensign
- **identification symbol 2**:
- **identification symbol 2 label**: Jack
South African National Defence Force

The **South African National Defence Force** (**SANDF**) is the military of South Africa.

The SANDF is made up of four branches: the South African Army, the South African Navy, the South African Air Force, and the South African Military Health Service (formerly the South African Medical Service).

The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of South Africa, currently Cyril Ramaphosa. The Ministry of Defence and Military Veterans, currently headed by Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, is in charge of political leadership. Military command is in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of the South African National Defence Force, who is General Solly Shoke.

The history of the SANDF can be traced back to 1912, with the establishment of the Union Defence Force (UDF). In 1957, the Union Defence Force was renamed to the South African Defence Force (SADF). The SADF fought a bloody guerrilla war against the South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO) and the African National Congress in South West Africa (now Namibia). SADF forces were also involved in the Angolan Civil War. In 1994, the South African Defence Force was combined with the ANC's Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the PAC's Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA), several Bantustan defence forces, and the self protection units of the Inkatha Freedom Party to form the South African National Defence Force.

Since 1994, South Africa has been trying to develop its military into a professional, well trained and mobile military. The SANDF currently plays a role in peacekeeping in the African continent, in countries such as the DRC and Burundi.

## Infobox (national military)

- **country**: South Africa
- **name**: South African National Defence Force
- **current form**: 1994 - present
- **branches**: South African Army
  South African Navy
  South African Air Force
 South African Military Health Service
- **headquarters**: Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
- **commander-in-chief**: Jacob Zuma
- **minister**: Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula
- **minister title**: Minister of Defence and Military Veterans
- **commander**: General Solly Shoke
- **commander title**: Chief of the South African National Defence Force
- **age**: 18-49
- **manpower data**: 2005
- **manpower age**: 18-49
- **available**: 10 354 769
- **available f**: 10 626 550
- **fit**: 4 927 757
- **fit f**: 4 609 071
- **reaching**: 512 407
- **reaching f**: 506 078
- **active**: 67,373
- **reserve**: 15,107
- **amount**: $US 4.572 billion
- **percent gdp**: 1.1% (2010-2011)
- **domestic suppliers**: Denel, Reutech Radar Systems, Thales, Paramount Group
- **foreign suppliers**: BAE Systems, Saab AB, ThyssenKrupp, AgustaWestland
Mercedes-Benz Citaro

The **Mercedes-Benz Citaro** (or **O530**) is a single-decker low-floor bus for public transport.

It was made in 1997, and built in Germany, France and Spain.
José Emilio Pacheco

**José Emilio Pacheco Berny** (June 30, 1939 – January 26, 2014) was a Mexican poet, essayist, historian, novelist and short story writer. He is thought as one of the major Mexican poets of the second half of the 20th century. The Berlin International Literature Festival has praised him as "one of the most significant contemporary Latin American poets".

Pacheco died from cardiac arrest in Mexico City, Mexico on January 26, 2014, aged 74.

## Other websites

- José Emilio Pacheco  (at El Colegio Nacional)
- Essay on Pacheco  from The Quarterly Conversation
- Essay on Pacheco's Batallas en el desierto
Ellen Vogel

**Ellen Marie Elze Anthing Vogel** (January 26, 1922 – August 5, 2015) was a Dutch television, movie, and stage actress.

Vogel was born on January 26, 1922 in The Hague, Netherlands. She was raised in Amsterdam.

Vogel married Hans Jürgen Tobi in 1942. They divorced in 1949. She was in a relationship with Fons Rademakers from 1950 to 1955. Vogel then married James Münninghoff in 1976. Their marriage lasted until his death in 2012. Vogel had a son with Hans, Peter Paul.

Vogel died in Amsterdam at the age of 93.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ellen Vogel
- **image**: Ellen Vogel.png
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Ellen Vogel in 1976
- **birth name**: Ellen Marie Elze Vogel
- **birth place**: The Hague, Netherlands
- **death place**: Amsterdam, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Netherlands, Dutch
- **occupation**: Actor, Actress
- **years active**: 1945-2013
- **spouse**: Hans Jürgen Tobi
 <small>(m. 1942-1949; divorced)</small>
 Joan James Charles Maria Joseph Münninghoff
 <small>(m. 1976-2012; his death)</small>
- **partner**: Fons Rademakers
 <small>(1950-1955)</small>
- **children**: Peter Paul Tobi <small>(born 1946)</small>
Valley of the Kings

The **Valley of the Kings** ( ) is a valley in Egypt. From the 16th to 11th centuries BC, tombs were built there for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles.

The valley is on the west bank of the Nile across from Luxor. Some of the people buried there are:
- Thutmose I
- Hatshepsut
- Thutmose III
- Tutankhamun
- Seti I
- Ramesses II

The valley is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world. In 1979 it became a World Heritage Site, with the rest of the Theban Necropolis. Exploration, excavation and conservation continues in the valley, and a new tourist centre has recently been opened.

## Geology and climate

There is little year-round rain in this part of Egypt, but there are rare flash floods that hit the valley. These tons of debris into the open tombs.

## Further reading

- – A good introduction to the valley and surroundings
Oberlin College

**Oberlin College** is a private liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio. It was the first college in the United States to accept African-American students as well as female students. It is also known for the Oberlin Conservatory of Music. Oberlin is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Five Colleges of Ohio consortium.

## History

Oberlin College and the town of Oberlin were started together in 1833. In 1837, the college began a program of coeducation; admitting female students. In 1835, the college began a policy of interracial education. The Board of Trustees voted to allow black students at a time when there was only one black person living in the county. The first black student was a former slave, James Bradley from Cincinnati. The first building was Tappan Hall, named for Arthur Tappan of New York City. It was both a dormitory and classroom. In 1903 Memorial Arch was constructed. It was to honor those from Oberlin college who were killed in the Boxer Rebellion in China.

## Conservatory of Music

In 1865, Oberlin started its music program. A music conservatory is on the college campus. Students benefit from over 500 performances yearly, most free of charge, with concerts and recitals almost daily. The Conservatory was one of the recipients of the 2009 National Medal of Arts.

## Allen Memorial Art Museum

The Allen Memorial Art Museum is on the college campus. It holds an art collection showing the history of Art that has 12,000 pieces. It also has a unique art rental program. At the beginning of every semester, students camp out in front of the north gate to get first pick of artwork by artists including Renoir, Dalí, and Picasso.
Chulipuram

**Chulipuram** is a village in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Its area is .
Saraiki language

**Saraiki** (sometimes spelled **Siraiki)**   Indo-Aryan language spoken in southern region of the Pakistani province of Punjab by the ethnic Saraiki people.  It is closely related to Sindhi and Punjabi, It belongs to the Western Punjabi group known as Lahnda. Saraiki is native to southern Punjab, while it is also spoken in parts of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan; as well as by partition migrants and their descendants in India although it is dying out among partition migrants within India as it becomes replaced by the more mainstream Hindi.

It is generally considered a distinct language, but it is sometimes classified as a variety of Punjabi or Sindhi.

## Etymology

The word Saraiki is probably derived from the Sindhi word Siraiki for its own dialect, which means dialect of Sero/Siro (Sauvīra) region in ancient Sindh. today the name of Siraiki dialect of Sindhi is changed to Siroli/Sireli to not create confusion.

## National day of  Saraiki

National day of Saraiki culture is celebrated on November 22.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Saraiki
- **nativename**: سَرَائُیکی, سرولی
- **states**: Pakistan
- **region**: Southern Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab, Northern Sindh, and Eastern Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan
- **speakers**: 20 million
- **date**: 2024
- **ref**: [https://www.ethnologue.com/language/skr/]
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian
- **fam3**: Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan
- **fam4**: Indo-Aryan languages#North-Western Zone, Northwestern
- **script**: Shahmukhi
- **iso3**: skr
- **notice**: Indic
Ypäjä

**Ypäjä** is a municipality in Kanta-Häme, Finland. About 2,485 people lived there in 2013. The municipalities next to it are Jokioinen, Somero, Loimaa and Humppila.

Ypäjä was established in 1876. It is famous for its horses.

## Distances

- Loimaa 15 km
- Forssa 23 km
- Turku 74 km
- Tampere 96 km
- Helsinki 132 km

## Villages

- Kartanonkylä
- Levä (Ypäjä)
- Manninen
- Palikkala
- Perttula
- Varsanoja
- Ypäjänkylä

## Other websites

- Homepage
- _Horseschool_site _Finnish and English_
Infamous: Second Son

***Infamous: Second Son*** is a PlayStation 4 open world action-adventure game made by Sucker Punch Productions and Sony. It is the third game of the _Infamous_ series.

## Plot

A Seattle graffiti artist discovers he has superhuman powers. He protects the population from the enemy terrorist organization called the Department of Unified Protection. The game is based on the continuing storyline carried out through previous ones.
Killzone: Shadow Fall

***Killzone: Shadow Fall*** is a first-person shooter video game. It is developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the sixth game to be released for the _Killzone_ series and the fourth game in the series for gaming consoles. The game was released on 15 November 2013 as a launch title for the PlayStation 4.
Knack

***Knack*** is a platform video game. It is published by Sony Computer Entertainment and developed by Japan Studio working with game director Mark Cerny. The game was made for the PlayStation 4, and was released as a launch title for that video game console. It was officially announced by Cerny on February 20, 2013 during PlayStation Meeting 2013 in New York City. The game was released on November 15, 2013 in North America and November 29, 2013 in Europe. It was released in Japan on February 22, 2014. The game received generally low scores from most reviewers like IGN, but received an eight-out-of-ten from Destructiod.

## Plot

Knack discovers that he has a skill ("knack") that allows him to incorporate ice, metal and other substances into his body, giving him new abilities. He then uses these powers to try to end the war between the humans and goblins.
Thief (2014 video game)

**Thief** is a stealth video game. It was developed by Eidos Montreal. It was published by Square Enix. It is a remake of the _Thief_ series. The game is the fourth game in its collection. It was released for the Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One consoles on February 25, 2014. The game was first announced in 2009 under the working title of _Thief 4_, but was revealed again in March 2013 as just _Thief_.
Pope Anacletus

**Pope Anacletus**, also sometimes referred to as **Pope Cletus**, was the third Pope of the Catholic Church, (the official title is Bishop of Rome).  He served from 76-88 C.E.   He established a Christian community in Ruvo, Apulia, where he baptized Christian followers in secret.

After the death of the second Pope, Linus, Anacletus returned to Rome.  He divided the area into what would today be called parishes or small groups.  He established a small chapel near the burial sites of Peter and Linus which is the site of today's Basilica of St. Peter.

He was killed during the reign of the Emperor Domitian for being a Christian leader.  He was also buried near Peter and Linus.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: List of popes, Pope List of canonised popes, Saint
- **name**: Anacletus
- **title**: Bishop of Rome
- **church**: Catholic Church
- **image**: Interior of Chiesa dei Gesuiti (Venice) - sacristy - Papa Cleto - 1592-1593 - by Palma il Giovane.jpg
- **predecessor**: Pope Linus, Linus
- **successor**: Pope Clement I, Clement I
- **birth date**: c. AD 16
- **birth place**: Rome, Roman Italy, Italy, Roman Empire
- **death date**: c. AD 92
- **death place**: Rome, Roman Italy, Italy, Roman Empire
- **caption**: 16th century painting of Anacletus, in the I Gesuiti, Venice, by Palma il Giovane, with anachronistic papal tiara
Daylight (video game)

**Daylight** is an upcoming survival horror video game for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.  It was developed by Zombie Studios. It is powered by Unreal Engine 4. It was released in North America on April 29, 2014. It was released in the PAL region on April 30, 2014. It was released in Japan on August 28, 2014.

## Plot

The story is centered around a woman who regains consciousness in an abandoned hospital. She has no memory of how she got there. With her mobile phone as her only source of light, she must explore the haunted hospital and its criminal past in order to escape. The terrain outside the hospital is randomly generated, so that every time you play it is different.
John Berryman

**John Berryman** (October 25, 1914 – January 7, 1972) was an important American poet in the second part of the 1900s. He was born in McAlester, Oklahoma on October 25, 1914. He was seen as one of the chief poets of confessional poetry.

## Life

When John Berryman was born in Oklahoma, his name was John Allyn Smith, Jr.. His father was a banker named John Allyn Smith. His mother was a schoolteacher named Martha. When he was ten years old his family moved to Tampa, Florida. In 1926, when he was twelve years old, his father shot and killed himself. This haunted the poet for the rest of his life.

After his father died, his mother married another banker named John. His last name was Berryman. The poet took his father's name, so he ended up with the same last name as his stepfather. They moved to New York City. John was sent to a private boarding school in Connecticut. He went on to graduate from Columbia College.

The book _Five Young American Poets_ had some of his earliest poems alongside other poets like Randall Jarrell. The publisher of this book also published Berryman's first book, _Poems_. His next book, _The Dispossessed_, was more mature but received mostly bad reviews. When Jarrell reviewed Berryman's book, he wrote that Berryman's poems sounded too much like William Butler Yeats. Berryman later said, "I didn't want to be _like_ Yeats; I wanted to _be_ Yeats."

In 1947 John Berryman started seeing a married woman while he was married to his first wife. He wrote many sonnets about her, but they were not published until 1967.

In 1950 he wrote a biography of the writer Stephen Crane, who he admired. He also published a book of poems called _Homage to Mistress Bradstreet._ This book also featured drawings by the artist Ben Shahn. It was his first book to get attention from people all across the United States of America.

Even though _Homage to Mistress Bradstreet_ was successful, Berryman's biggest breakthrough came with _77 Dream Songs_ in 1964. This book won the Pulitzer Prize in 1965. Berryman wrote a much longer sequel, _His Toy, HIs Dream, His Rest_. This book was just as successful. He later combined the two into one book, _The Dream Songs_.

On January 7, 1972, John Berryman killed himself by jumping off the Washington Avenue Bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

## Poems

Berryman wrote about shame, like mental illness and lust. He said that he was not writing about himself but about made-up people. Despite this remark, many critics believe Berryman did write about himself. John Berryman's best-known poems were called Dream Songs. He put out the 385 Dream Songs in two books: _77 Dream Songs_ and _His Toy, His Dream, His Rest._ Later he put them into one book: _The Dream Songs_.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America
Destiny (video game)

***Destiny*** is a first-person shooter video game. It uses an open world setting. It is developed by Bungie and published by Activision as part of a ten-year publishing deal. The game was released on the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One video game consoles on September 9, 2014. Bungie demonstrated live gameplay footage of _Destiny_ at Sony's E3 conference in 2013.

The player plays a guardian. The traveler is dying and it is the guardian's job to save it by defeating its one enemy, the darkness. The guardian goes to Earth, Moon, Mars and Venus. The character completes quests for the vanguard committee to save the traveler. The darkness is made up of 4 enemies: The Hive, Cabal, Vex, and Fallen.
Dragon Age: Inquisition

***Dragon Age: Inquisition*** is an upcoming action video game. It is developed by BioWare and published by Electronic Arts. It is a sequel to _Dragon Age: Origins_ and _Dragon Age II_. It is the third major game in the _Dragon Age_ series.
Driveclub

***Driveclub*** is a racing video game published by Sony Computer Entertainment. It was developed by _Evolution Studios_ for the PlayStation 4. _Driveclub_ was officially announced during the PlayStation 4 press conference on 20 February 2013. The game was released on 7 October 2014.
Mad Max (2015 video game)

***Mad Max*** is a 2015 video game. It is set in an open world environment after civilization has been destroyed. It is based on the _Mad Max_ film series. It is published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and developed by Avalanche Studios.

The game was officially revealed at _E3_ on June 10, 2013 during a Sony press conference. It is set to be released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One in 2015.
Pope Clement I

**Pope Clement** was the fourth Pope of the Catholic Church, (the official title is Bishop of Rome).  He served the early Catholic Church from 8897 AD.  He was born in Velletri, Latium and came from a very important family.  He was the son of a Roman senator, Faustinus, and the cousin of Roman consul Tiberius Flavius Clemens.

He was recognized as a great historian and recorded many important events in his time such as the martyrdom of his predecessors and the settling of disputes among Christians.  During a time of trouble within the Christian community, Clement wrote to the church in Corinth, asking them to end their dispute with their fellow Christians, which they did.  This established the precedent of Popes being the final person to decide the rules within the Church.  He either established, or continued the practice of recording the laws and customs of the Church.

Clement's persecution began with Emperor Trajan who sent him to do hard labor in a mine.  He used that time to teach his fellow Christians and it was said that during that time he even converted some pagans to Christianity.  He is also credited with performing a miracle during that time.  He is know as the "Pope of Convicts".

His martyrdom was described as being tied to an anchor and dragged out to sea.

His relics and the anchor were retrieved and preserved in a church that was submerged in the Black Sea.  During part of the year, it can still be seen and entered into today.

Clement is one of the three popes mentioned by name in the New Testament along with Peter and Linus.

This pope has been very highly regarded through the centuries and is still honored today by the  Russian Orthodox Catholics in Ukraine and by all Catholics in their ceremonial liturgy. He is considered a Saint of the church and his feast day is November 23.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: List of popes, Pope List of canonised popes, Saint
- **name**: Clement I
- **title**: Bishop of Rome
- **church**: Catholic Church
- **image**: Clemens Romanus.jpg
- **caption**: 1000 portrayal at Saint Sophia's Cathedral, Kyiv
- **term start**: 92 AD
- **term end**: 100 AD
- **predecessor**: Pope Anacletus, Anacletus
- **successor**: Pope Evaristus, Evaristus
- **consecrated by**: Saint Peter
- **birth place**: Rome, Roman Italy, Italy, Roman Empire
- **death date**: 100 AD
- **death place**: Chersonesos Taurica, Chersonesus, Taurica, Bosporan Kingdom, Crimea in the Roman era, Crimea, Roman Empire
- **shrine**: Basilica di San Clemente, Rome
Church of St Clement, Nantes
St Clement's Church, Moscow, St Clement's Church, Moscow
Diocesan Shrine and Parish of St. Clement, Angono, Rizal, Philippines
- **other**: Clement
Fantasia

**Fantasia** can mean several things:

- Fantasia (music), an improvised musical composition
- _Fantasia_ (Fantasia Barrino album), 2006
- _Fantasia_ (Yolandita Monge album), 1980
- _Fantasía_, an album by Franco De Vita, 1986
- _Fantasia_, an album by pianist Yuja Wang, 2012
- _Fantasia_ (movie), an animated musical movie from 1940, produced by Walt Disney
    - _Fantasia 2000_, sequel to the 1940 movie, released in 1999
    - _Fantasia_ (video game), a game for the Sega Mega Drive from 1991
- Fantasia Barrino (born 1984), singer who won the third season of _American Idol_

## Related pages

- Fantasy (disambiguation)
Bourbon

**Bourbon** can mean several things:

- Bourbon whiskey, a type of whiskey made from grain
- House of Bourbon, a European royal family
    - Bourbon Restoration, the return to the French throne of the Bourbon family
- Bourbon, Indiana, a town in the United States
- Bourbon, Missouri, a town in the United States
- Bourbon-l'Archambault, a town in the Allier département, France
- Bourbon-Lancy, a town in the Saône-et-Loire département, France
- Bourbonne-les-Bains, a town in the Haute-Marne département, France
- Bourbonnais, an historical area in France
- Île Bourbon, an old name for the island of Réunion
Romance (love)

**Romance** or **romantic love** is a feeling of excitement and mystery associated with love. In relationships, it involves a strong emotional attraction towards the other person. A romantic relationship focuses on feelings, rather than sex. Romantic love is different from platonic love.

Romance is often strongest at the beginning of relationships. It comes with uncertainty and anxiety that the love may not be returned.

The modern concept of romantic love comes from the medieval ideals of chivalry, as set out in its chivalric romance literature, andwas made popular in Western culture by the concept of courtly love. Knights were often said to have had intimate relationships with the noble ladies they served. Those relationships were usually not physical. Since marriage was commonly just a formal arrangement without love, courtly love allowed women to be emotionally intimate with a man.

Romance is a major theme found in art, particularly literature and fiction. It is often found in fairy tales, women's fiction and the writings of people like William Shakespeare.

## Related pages

- Platonic love
- Chivalric romance
- Romantic friendship
- Romanticism
- Valentine's Day
- Dating
- Romantic orientation
- _Romeo and Juliet_
2010–11 Chicago Blackhawks season

The **2010–11 Chicago Blackhawks season** was the team's 85th season in the National Hockey League (NHL). The team suffered from salary cap restrictions and lost several players due to it. They also had to recover from winning their first Stanley Cup in 40 years. The team was defeated in the first round of the Stanley Cup Playoffs by the Presidents' Trophy-winning Vancouver Canucks.

## Playoffs

|width="5%"|Game #|width="5%"|Date|width="10%"|Visitor|width="10%"|Home|width="5%"|Score|width="5%"|OT|width="15%"|Series|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|April 13|Blackhawks|Canucks|2 - 0||Vancouver leads series 1 - 0||||||||
|2|April 15|Blackhawks|Canucks|4 - 3||Vancouver leads series 2 - 0||||||||
|3|April 17|Canucks|Blackhawks|3 - 2||Vancouver leads series 3 - 0||||||||
|4|April 19|Canucks|Blackhawks|7 - 2||Vancouver leads series 3 - 1||||||||
|5|April 21|Blackhawks|Canucks|5 - 0||Vancouver leads series 3 - 2||||||||
|6|April 24|Canucks|Blackhawks|4 - 3|OT|Series tied 3 - 3||||||||
|6|April 26|Blackhawks|Canucks|2 - 1|OT|**Canucks win series 4 - 3**||||||||
Alexander Varshavsky

**Alexander Jacob Varshavsky** (; born November 8, 1946) is a Russian-American biochemist, noted for his discovery of the N-end rule of ubiquitination. A native of Moscow, he is currently researching at Caltech.

In 2005 he was elected a foreign member of the Academia Europaea.

In 2014 he was awarded the $3 million Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for his work.

|Year|Prize|
| --- | --- |
|1999|Gairdner Foundation International Award|
|2000|Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research|
|2001|Wolf Prize in Medicine|
|2001|Massry Prize|
|2001|Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize|
|2006|March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology|
|2007|Gotham Prize|
|2010|Vilcek Prize in Biomedical Science|
|2011|BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award|
|2012|King Faisal International Prize|
|2012|Otto Warburg Medal|
|2014|Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences|
|2014|Albany Medical Center Prize|

## Other websites

- The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
- Caltech bio
- The Gotham prize

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alexander Varshavsky
- **birth name**: Alexander Jacob Varshavsky
- **birth place**: Moscow, Russia
- **occupation**: biochemist
- **known for**: N-end rule of ubiquitination
Hugo Stiglitz

**Hugo Stiglitz** (born August 28, 1940) is an Mexican actor who has appeared in over 100 movies.

He was known for his roles in _Tintorera_ and _La Noche de los mil gatos_. He is known in the United States for his roles in _Under the Volcano_. Quentin Tarantino named a character "Hugo Stiglitz" (played by actor Til Schweiger) in the movie _Inglourious Basterds_ in his honor.

In 2013, Stiglitz played Juan "Johnny" Bravo in Eugenio Derbez comedy movie _Instructions Not Included_.

Stiglitz was born on August 27, 1940 in Mexico City, Mexico.

## Other websites

- Profile on Cinefania site.
- Biography on Yahoo! Movies site.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hugo Stiglitz
- **image**: Hugo Stiglitz (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: at National Cinema Day, 2017
- **birth place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **birth name**: Hugo Stiglitz
- **years active**: 1969 - present
- **occupation**: Actor
Guilt (emotion)

**Guilt** is a feeling that a person has when they realise or believe that they have done something wrong. This usually depends on that person's own conscience, their understanding of right and wrong. Guilt is usually related to remorse ("feeling sorry"). The American Psychological Association (APA) defines _guilt_ as a “self-conscious emotion” denoted by a “painful appraisal of having done (or thought) something that is wrong.” It also notes that such emotion can inspire people to reverse or compensate for perceived wrongdoing.

The origins of guilt as a human emotion are widely debated and theorized within many different disciplines. Examples of avenues through which guilt may be derived include society, culture, religion, and family.

According to Carolyn Zahn-Waxler, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Grazyna Kochanska, professor of developmental psychology at the University of Iowa, people first experience guilt during conscious development in childhood. Because guilt is complex and empathetic, many professionals characterize it as a defining emotion that distinguishes humans from other animals.

Guilt can sometimes cause anxiety. A person may react to their guilt in either a peaceful or violent way. A person might begin blaming the victim of their own actions. Guilt contributes to many psychological conditions and to psychopathy. For example, some researchers suggest that sociopaths have little or no regard for others and therefore feel little guilt. Conversely, people who have schizophrenia or depression feel too much guilt and may find themselves projecting guilt onto hallucinations or ruminating on past mistakes. Additionally, people who experience anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), may become preoccupied with guilt about their thoughts or actions.
Carmen Salinas

**Carmen Salinas Lozano** (October 5, 1939 – December 9, 2021) was a Mexican actress, impressionist, comedian, politician and theatre entrepreneur. She was thought to be one of the first actress' in Mexico. She has appeared in over 100 movies.

She was known for her roles in _María Mercedes_, _Hombre en llamas_, _La rose de Guadalupe_, _La familia P. Luche_, _Mujeres Asesinas 2_, and in _Parodiando_. Salinas is known for her movie role in _Abrázame muy fuerte_.

Salinas was born on October 5, 1939 in Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico.

## Political and legislative career

In an interview conducted with _El Universal_ in March 2015, Salinas declared that she "had been a _priísta_ ever since [she] had the use of reason".

In 2015, the PRI placed Salinas on its proportional representation list for election from the fourth electoral region, winning her a seat in the Chamber of Deputies for the LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress; Salinas served on the Gender Equality, Radio and Television, and Health Commissions. Salinas, who only completed primary school, had the lowest educational level of all the deputies in the legislature.

## Death

Salinas had a cerebral hemorrhage caused by hypertension on November 11, 2021 in Mexico City and was hospitalized while in a coma. She died a month later on December 9, 2021 at the age of 82.

## Awards and nominations

|Year||Award||Category||Telenovela||Result|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1993|TVyNovelas Awards|Best Co-star Actress|_María Mercedes_||||||
|1996|_María la del Barrio_||||||||
|1999|_Preciosa_||||||||
|2001|_Abrázame Muy Fuerte_|rowspan=2|||||||
|2002|_Entre el Amor y el Odio_||||||||
|Special Award for Artistic Career|rowspan=2||||||||
|2003|Special Award: 50 Years as Actress||||||||
|2010|Best First Actress|_Hasta que el dinero nos separe_|rowspan=2||||||
|2012|_Triunfo del amor_||||||||
|2013|Special Lifetime Achievement Award|rowspan=2|||||||
|2008|Premios Diosas de Plata|Female in a Minor Role|_La misma luna_||||||

## Other websites

- Biografía de Carmen Salinas

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Carmen Salinas
- **image**: Carmen-salinas-01.jpg
- **birth name**: Carmen Salinas Lozano
- **birth place**: Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **death cause**: Cerebral hemorrhage-related problems
- **spouse**: Pedro Plascencia (1956-?) (his death)
- **children**: Pedro Plascencia Salinas (deceased)
Maria Eugenia Plascencia Salinas
- **years active**: 1964–2021
- **occupation**: Actress, Comedian, Politician
Through the Wormhole

***Through the Wormhole*** is an American science documentary television series. It is narrated and hosted by Morgan Freeman. It has different episodes explaining about the wormhole, the universe, and mysteries about life. It's musical score is composed by Hans Zimmer. It's first episode was broadcasted on June 9, 2010.
Patricia Reyes Spíndola

**Patricia Verónica Núñez Reyes Spíndola** (born July 11, 1953) is a Mexican actress, television director and producer. She has appeared in over 150 movies since her career began in 1974. Her first movie role was in _La otra virginidad_. She twice appeared in the Mexican crime series _Mujeres Asesinas_. Spíndola appeared in the 2002 movie _Frida_.

Spíndola was born on July 11, 1953 in Oaxaca, Mexico.

## Other websites

- HWK Biography

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Patricia Reyes Spíndola.jpg
- **name**: Patricia Reyes Spíndola
- **birth place**: Oaxaca, Mexico
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1974-present
Edmond Classen

**Edmond Alphons Antoine Marie Classen** (May 16, 1938 – January 27, 2014) was an Dutch movie, stage, and television actor. Classen appeared on many movies and over 50 television shows since his career began in 1975. His first role was in _Amsterdam 700_. His last role was in the 2012 movie _Black Out_.

Classen was born on May 16, 1938 in Arnhem, Netherlands. His daughter, Kiki Classen, is also a Dutch actress. Classen died on January 27, 2014 in his home in Arnhem, Netherlands from heart failure, aged 75.

## Other websites

- List of Classen's movie and biography

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: TV GieszenNieuwkerk (VARA), links Edmond Classen ( Van Dijk ), Bestanddeelnr 928-3503.jpg
- **caption**: Classen in 1976
- **name**: Edmond Classen
- **birth place**: Arnhem, Netherlands
- **death place**: Arnhem, Netherlands
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1963-2012
Pope Evaristus

**Pope Evaristus** is the fifth Pope of the Catholic Church, (the official title is Bishop of Rome).  There is very little information about him.  He served in Christianity during the years 97-105 C.E.

Author Charles A. Coulombe states that he was a Jew and came from a Jewish family from Antioch, Turkey.

Pope Evaristus is noted for further developing the parishes of the Catholic Church, a work started by Pope Anacletus.  He is also credited with ordering that all Churches be consecrated (blessed) by special ceremonies.  He created a method of choosing future bishops by the creation of a group which is now known as the College of Cardinals.

He was martyred during the reign of Emperor Hadrian. His feast day is celebrated on October 26.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **honorific-prefix**: Pope Saint
- **name**: Evaristus
- **title**: Bishop of Rome
- **church**: Catholic Church
- **image**: Pope Saint Evaristus (by Sandro Botticelli) – Sistine Chapel (1481).jpg
- **caption**: Pope Evaristus, 15th century
- **term start**: 100
- **term end**: 108
- **predecessor**: Clement of Rome, Clement I
- **successor**: Pope Alexander I, Alexander I
- **birth place**: Bethlehem, Judaea (Roman province), Judaea, Roman Empire
- **death date**: 108
- **death place**: Rome, Roman Italy, Italy, Roman Empire
- **parents**: Judah
- **feast day**: 26 October
Li Na

**Li Na** or **Na Li** may refer to:

- Surnamed "Li"
- Li Na (tennis) (born 1982), Chinese professional tennis player
- Li Na (diver) (born 1984), Chinese diver who won a gold and silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Li Na (tennis)

**Li Na** (born February 26, 1982) is a Chinese retired professional tennis player. As of January 2014, Li has won 9 WTA and 19 ITF singles titles.

On September 19, 2014, Li announced that she was retiring from tennis after she had missed the US Open Series because of a left knee injury.

## Other websites

- Li Na at Sina Weibo

## Infobox (tennis biography)

- **name**: Li Na
<small>李娜</small>
- **image**: Li Na Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg
- **caption**: Li Na at the 2010 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in Stuttgart, Germany
- **residence**: Wuhan, Hubei, China
- **birth place**: Wuhan, Hubei, China
- **turnedpro**: 1999
- **retired**: April 2002–May 2004; September 19, 2014
- **plays**: Right handed (two-handed backhand)
- **coach**: Jiang Shan (2006–2012)
Thomas Högstedt (2009–2010)
Michael Mortensen (2011)
Carlos Rodríguez (tennis coach), Carlos Rodríguez (2012–2014)
- **careerprizemoney**: United States dollar, US$16,709,074
* <small> WTA Tour records#WTA Prize money leaders, 17th in all-time rankings</small>
- **tennishofyear**: 2019
- **singlesrecord**: 503–188 (72.79%)
- **singlestitles**: 9 WTA, 19 ITF
- **highestsinglesranking**: No. 2 (February 17, 2014)
- **australianopenresult**: **W** (2014 Australian Open – Women's Singles, 2014)
- **frenchopenresult**: **W** (2011 French Open – Women's Singles, 2011)
- **wimbledonresult**: QF (2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, 2006, 2010 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, 2010, 2013 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, 2013)
- **usopenresult**: SF (2013 US Open – Women's Singles, 2013)
- **othertournaments**: yes
- **wtachampionshipsresult**: F (2013 WTA Tour Championships, 2013)
- **olympicsresult**: SF – 4th (Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's singles, 2008)
- **doublesrecord**: 121–50
- **doublestitles**: 2 WTA, 16 ITF
- **highestdoublesranking**: No. 54 (August 28, 2006)
- **australianopendoublesresult**: 2R (2006 Australian Open – Women's Doubles, 2006, 2007 Australian Open – Women's Doubles, 2007)
- **frenchopendoublesresult**: 2R (2006 French Open – Women's Doubles, 2006, 2007 French Open – Women's Doubles, 2007)
- **wimbledondoublesresult**: 2R (2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Doubles, 2006)
- **usopendoublesresult**: 3R (2005 US Open – Women's Doubles, 2005)
- **othertournamentsdoubles**: yes
- **olympicsdoublesresult**: 2R (Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles, 2012)


## Infobox (chinese)

- **title**: Li Na
- **collapse**: yes
- **c**: 李娜
- **p**: Lǐ Nà
- **w**: li<sup>3</sup> na<sup>4</sup>
Einstein's Cross

**Einstein's Cross**  is an image of a quasar which is 8,000,000,000 light years (ly) or 2,500,000,000 parsecs (pc) away.

The quasar sits directly behind ZW 2237+030, **Huchra's lens**, the lensing galaxy. Four images of the same distant quasar appear around this foreground galaxy due to strong gravitational lensing.

According to its redshift, the quasar is about 8 billion light years from Earth, while the lensing galaxy is only 400 million light years away.

Amateur astronomers are able to see some of the cross using telescopes but it requires extremely dark skies and telescope mirrors with diameters of 18 inches or greater.
San Fernando, Pampanga

**San Fernando** is a city in the Philippine province of Pampanga. It is the capital of that province. It is  north of Manila,  east of Subic Bay in the Zambales province, and  south of Clark Air Base in Angeles City.

The city is named after Fernando VI of Spain. Its patron saint is Saint Ferdinand III of Castile and León. It is known as the "Christmas Capital of the Philippines". The city holds the annual Giant Lantern Festival every December where large lanterns are displayed in competition.

## Barangays

The City of San Fernando has 35 barangay<nowiki/>s.

## Media

- DWPF-AM 1152 kHz (Audiovisual Communicators)

## Notable Fernandinos

- José Abad Santos, a former Chief Justice (featured in PHP1000 bill)
- Pedro Abad Santos, a former assemblyman and founder of the Socialist Party
- Sotero J. Baluyut, a former senator and cabinet secretary
- Vivencio Cuyugan, first Socialist mayor in the Philippines
- Amando G. Dayrit, a renowned pre-war newspaper columnist
- Conrado Dayrit, a cardiologist, virgin coconut oil proponent and President of the National Academy of Science and Technology (1992–1999)
- Nicolasa Dayrit, a revolutionary hero
- Brillante Mendoza, award-winning film director
- Fernando H. Ocampo, a founder of the UST College of Architecture and Fine Arts

## Other websites

- City of San Fernando, Pampanga Official Website
Jorge Obeid

**Jorge Alberto Obeid** (24 November 1947 – 28 January 2014) was an Argentine Justicialist Party (PJ) politician, currently an Argentine Chamber of Deputies and former governor of Santa Fe Province until 2007.

Obeid was born in Diamante, Entre Ríos on 24 November 1947. He died on 28 January 2014 of a pulmonary embolism.

## Other websites

- Santa Fe Province

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jorge Obeid
- **image**: Jorge Obeid y Néstor Kirchner 20060818.jpg
- **caption**: Jorge Obeid (left) next to President Néstor Kirchner
- **order**: <nowiki/>
- **office**: Governor of Santa Fe
- **term**: 10 December 1995 - 9 December 1999
10 December 2003 - 10 December 2007
- **lieutenant**: María Eugenia Bielsa, María E. Bielsa (2003-2007)
- **predecessor**: Carlos Reutemann (1995)
Carlos Reutemann (2003)
- **successor**: Carlos Reutemann (1999)
Hermes Binner (2007)
- **birth place**: Diamante, Entre Ríos
- **death place**: Santa Fe, Argentina
- **profession**: Chemical engineer
- **party**: Justicialist Party
Hans Georg Dehmelt

**Hans Georg Dehmelt** (9 September 1922 – 7 March 2017) was a German-born American physicist. He was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989, for co-developing the ion trap technique with Wolfgang Paul. They shared one-half of the prize (the other half of the Prize in that year was awarded to Norman Foster Ramsey). Their technique was used for high precision measurement of the electron g-factor.

Dehmelt died on 7 March 2017 in the Seattle, Washington from natural causes, aged 94.

## Other websites

- Autobiography
- Nobel prize press release
- University of Washington home page

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Hans Georg Dehmelt
- **caption**: Hans Georg Dehmelt
- **birth place**: Görlitz, Weimar Germany, Germany
- **death place**: Seattle, Washington, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: Germany
- **field**: Physics
- **work institution**: University of Washington
Duke University
- **alma mater**: University of Göttingen
- **doctoral students**: David J. Wineland
- **known for**: Development of the ion trap
Precise measurement of the electron g-factor
Penning trap
- **prizes**: Nobel Prize in Physics (1989)
Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.

**Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.** (August 27, 1915 – November 4, 2011) was an American physicist. He was awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hans Georg Dehmelt.

Ramsay was born on August 27, 1915 in Washington, D.C.. He studied at Columbia University and at the University of Cambridge.

He was a physics professor at Harvard University for most of his career, Ramsey also held several posts with such government and international agencies as NATO and the United States Atomic Energy Commission.  Among his other accomplishments are helping to found the United States Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory and Fermilab.

Ramsay was a Democrat. Ramsay died on November 4, 2011 in Wayland, Massachusetts from natural causes, aged 96.

## Other websites

- Photograph, Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
- Group photograph  taken at _Lasers_ '93 including (right to left) Norman F. Ramsey, Marlan Scully, and F. J. Duarte.
- "Norman Ramsey and the Separated Oscillatory Fields Method". Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. DOE. Retrieved on 2 March 2009.
- Norman Ramsey, an oral history conducted in 1995 by Andrew Goldstein, IEEE History Center, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.
- **image**: Norman Foster Ramsey 1970 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Ramsay in 1970
- **birth place**: Washington, DC
- **death place**: Wayland, Massachusetts
- **nationality**: United States
- **field**: Physics
- **work institution**: Harvard University
- **alma mater**: Columbia University, University of Cambridge
- **known for**: Separated oscillatory field method
- **doctoral advisor**: Isidor Isaac Rabi
- **doctoral students**: David J. Wineland, Daniel Kleppner, Howard Berg
- **awards**: Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award (1960)
Davisson-Germer Prize (1974)
IEEE Medal of Honor (1984)
Oersted Medal (1988)
National Medal of Science (1988)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1989)
Leo Esaki

**Reona Esaki** (江崎 玲於奈 _Esaki Reona_, born March 12, 1925), also known as **Leo Esaki**, is a Japanese physicist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Ivar Giaever and Brian David Josephson. He won the prize for his discovery of the phenomenon of electron tunneling.

He is known for his invention of the Esaki diode, which exploited that phenomenon. This research was done when he was with Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (now known as Sony). He has also contributed in being a pioneer of the semiconductor superlattice while he was with IBM.

Esaki was born on March 12, 1925 in Higashiōsaka, Japan. He studied at the University of Tokyo.

## Other websites

- Leo Esaki – Biography.  Retrieved Aug. 5, 2003 from http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1973/esaki-bio.html
- IBM record
- IEEE History Center – Leo Esaki. Retrieved Jul. 19, 2011 from http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Leo_Esaki
- Sony History – The Esaki Diode.  Retrieved Aug. 5, 2003 from http://www.sony.net/Fun/SH/1-7/h5.html
- Freeview video 'An Interview with Leo Esaki' by the Vega Science Trust

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Leo Esaki
- **image**: Leo Esaki 1959.jpg
- **caption**: Leo Esaki in 1959
- **birth place**: Higashiōsaka, Japan
- **nationality**: Japan
- **field**: Applied physics
- **alma mater**: University of Tokyo
- **known for**: electron tunneling, Esaki diode
- **prizes**: Stuart Ballantine Medal (1961)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1973)
 IEEE Medal of Honor