Pomegranate

The **pomegranate** (_Punica granatum_) is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or small tree that grows between  tall. The pomegranate originated in the region extending from Anatolia to northern India or South Asia.

Although previously placed in its own family **Punicaceae**, recent phylogenetic studies have shown that _Punica_ belongs in the family Lythraceae, and it is classified in that family by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.

Today, it's widely cultivated throughout the Mediterranean countries. It is the most recognizable symbols of Armenia. In Armenian mythology it symbolizes fertility and good fortune. It was a guardian against the evil eye.

## History

Pomegranate has been used for thousands of years. Ancient people used it for high blood pressure, athletic performance, heart disease and diabetes. It's mentioned in Greek, Hebrew, Buddhist and Christian mythology and writings. It's described in records dating from around 1500 BCE as a treatment for tapeworm and other parasites. Pomegranate is one of the "seven kinds" of fruit mentioned in the Bible which Israel was blessed with long ago. It grew in the region for thousand of years and is very much adapted to:it sheds its leaves in the cold of our winters, while it sprouts in early spring when temperature rise. It ripens at the end of the summer, very close to the beginning of the Jewish New Year. it was and is used for decoration and blessing in ceremonies of the New Year celebration and the later holidays. It decorated temples in the past and appeared on ancient coins. Because of its decorative value in Israel, its selection was done mainly for external appearance , not so much for eating quality. Nice colour and crown are very important characteristics of the fruit. It was found in Indus Valley so early. It was cultivated in Egypt before the time of Moses. Arab caravans, many emanating from the lush oasis that was ancient Baghdad, probbably spread its use.

## Distribution

The pomegranate tree is native from Iran to Himalayas in Northern India and has been cultivated since ancient times throughout the Mediterranean region of Asia, Africa and Europe. The most important growing regions are Egypt<nowiki/>, China, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq, India, Burma, Sri Lanka and Saudi Arabia. There are some commercial orchards in Israel on the coastal pain and in Jordan Valley.

## Name

The name "**pomegranate**" comes from medieval Latin _pōmum_ "apple" and _grānātum_ "seeded".

The French term for pomegranate, _grenade_, has given its name to the military grenade.

Common names in some other languages are:

- German: _Granatapfel_

_Punica granatum_, the scientific name of the pomegranate, was given by Carolus Linnaeus in 1753 in _Species Plantarum_ (Vol. 1, page 472). _Punica_ comes from the Latin name for the pomegranate, _malum punicum_, meaning "apple from Carthage", and _granatum_ from medieval Latin meaning "seeded", "with seeds".

## Description

The pomegranate is a shrub or small tree that could grow up to 10 meters of height with many branches with spines. Leaves are opposite  long and  broad. The flowers are yellow to bright red and  in diameter, with three to seven petals.

Fruits are berries with a strong skin, like leather, intermediate in size between a lemon and a grapefruit,  in diameter. Fruits have many seeds with fleshy and edible coats (called **sacrotesta**). The number of seeds in a pomegranate can vary from 200 to about 1400.

_P. granatum_ var. _nana_ is a dwarf variety of _P. granatum_ popularly planted as an ornamental plant in gardens and larger containers, and used as a bonsai specimen tree.

## Where it grows

The pomegranate originated in the region of modern-day Armenia, and has been cultivated since ancient times throughout the Mediterranean region and northern India. It was brought into America in the late 16th century, including California, by Spanish settlers.

Today, it is widely cultivated throughout the Middle East and Caucasus region, north and tropical Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Central Asia, the drier parts of southeast Asia, and parts of the Mediterranean Basin. It is also cultivated in parts of Arizona and California.

## Other websites

- IUCN Red List - _Punica granatum_
- Floridata Plant Encyclopedia