Almohad

The **Almohad Caliphate** (From Arabic  _al-Muwahhidun_, i.e., "the monotheists" or "the Unitarians") was a Sunni Muslim empire that was founded in the 12th century, and conquered all of North Africa as far as Libya, as well as Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia).

## History

Between 1130 and his death in 1163, Abd al-Mu'min al-Kumi, a Berber from the Masmuda tribe, defeated the ruling Almoravids and became ruler over all North Africa as far as Libya. He became emir of Marrakech in 1149 and conquered Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia). In 1170, the Almohads transferred their capital to Seville.

However, by 1212 Muhammad III, "al-Nasir" (1199–1214) was defeated by an alliance of the four Christian princes of Castile, Aragón, Navarre and Portugal at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, in the Sierra Morena. The Almohads soon lost nearly all of the Moorish dominions in Iberia soon.

The great Moorish cities of Córdoba and Seville fell into Christian possession in the first half of the 13th century. The Almohads continued to rule in Africa for some time, but they had lost much their territory.

The last representative of the line, Idris II, had only Marrakech left. There, he was murdered by a slave in 1269.

## Muwahhadi (Almohad) Caliphs,1121–1269

- Ibn Tumart 1121-1130
- Abd al-Mu'min 1130–1163
- Abu Ya'qub Yusuf I 1163–1184
- Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur 1184–1199
- Muhammad an-Nasir 1199–1213
- Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II 1213–1224
- Abd al-Wahid I 1224
- Abdallah al-Adil 1224–1227
- Yahya 1227–1235
- Idris I 1227–1232
- Abdul-Wahid II 1232–1242
- Ali 1242–1248
- Umar 1248–1266
- Idris II 1266–1269

## Culture

Herte is a list of Sufi writers:
- Sidi Abu Madyan Choaïb ben al-Houssein al-Ansari (1126-1198)
- Ali ibn Harzihim (m.1164)
- Abi Mohammed Salih (1153-1234)
- Abu Abdallah ibn Harzihim (m.1235)
- Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili (1197-1258)
- Abdelwahid al-Marrakushi (b. 1185) historian and writer
- Salih ben Sharif al-Rundi (1204-1285)

## Related pages

- History of Islam
- History of Spain
- Nasrid
- Reconquista

## References

- _History of the Almonades_, Reinhart Dozy, (second edition, 1881)
- _Mica Enciclopedie de Istorie Universala_, Marcel D. Popa, Horia C. Matei, (Bucharest, Editura Politica 1988)

## Other websites

- Historical maps of Almohad Dynasty Maps to be combined and compared
- Almohads Dynasty Berber dynasty

## Infobox (former country)

- **native name**: <small>() </small>
 <small>() </small>
- **conventional long name**: Almohad Caliphate
- **common name**: Almohads
- **region**: North Africa, Iberia
- **status**: List of rulers of Morocco, Ruling dynasty of Morocco;
Caliphate <small>(since 1147)</small>
- **year start**: 1121
- **year end**: 1269
- **event1**: Almoravids overthrown
- **date event1**: 1147
- **event2**: Marinid suzerainty
- **date event2**: 1248
- **p1**: Almoravid dynasty
- **border p1**: no
- **p2**: Hammadid kingdom
- **p3**: Second Taifas period
- **p4**: Kingdom of Africa
- **p5**: Taifas in the Al-Andalus
- **s1**: Marinid dynasty
- **s2**: Hafsid dynasty
- **s3**: Kingdom of Tlemcen
- **s4**: Third Taifas period
- **s5**: Kingdom of Castile
- **s6**: Kingdom of Aragon
- **s7**: Kingdom of Portugal
- **s8**: Kingdom of Leon
- **s9**: Emirate of Granada
- **flag s3**: Flag of the kingdom of tlemcen.svg
- **flag s5**: Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.svg
- **flag s6**: Estandarte de la Corona de Aragon.svg
- **flag s7**: PortugueseFlag1185.svg
- **flag s8**: Leon_banner.svg
- **flag s9**: Royal Standard of Nasrid Dynasty Kingdom of Grenade.svg
- **border s2**: no
- **border s5**: no
- **border s6**: no
- **border s8**: no
- **border s9**: no
- **image map**: Empire almohade.PNG
- **image map caption**: The Almohad empire at its greatest extent, c. 1180–1212
- **common languages**: Maghrebi Arabic, Arabic, Berber languages, Berber, Mozarabic language, Mozarabic
- **religion**: Sunni Islam (Islamic theology, Creed: Ash'ari; Madh'hab, Madhab: Zahiri)
- **capital**: Tinmel

Marrakesh

In Al-Andalus:
Seville

Córdoba, Spain, Córdoba

Seville

- **government type**: Caliphate
- **title leader**: Caliph
- **leader1**: Ibn Tumart <small>(first, under title of "Mahdi")</small>
- **year leader1**: 1121–1130
- **leader2**: Abd al-Mu'min <small>(first, under title of "Caliph" from 1147)</small>
- **year leader2**: 1130–1163
- **leader3**: Abu al-Ula al-Wathiq Idris <small>(last)</small>
- **year leader3**: 1266–1269
- **stat year1**: 1150 est.
- **stat area1**: 2300000
- **currency**: Dinar
- **today**:
 (United Kingdom, UK)