juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bietigheim-Bissingen

**Bietigheim-Bissingen** (<small>German pronunciation:</small> [ˌbiːtikʰhaim ˈbisiŋən]) is a city in the northern centre of Baden-Württemberg in Germany, about  north of Stuttgart and  south of Heilbronn. It is the second biggest city in the district of Ludwigsburg; only Ludwigsburg City is bigger.

## Twin towns

Bietigheim-Bissingen is twinned with:
- Kusatsu, Japan, since 1962
- Sucy-en-Brie, France, since 1967
- Surrey Heath, United Kingdom, since 1971
- Szekszárd, Hungary, since 1989
- Overland Park, USA, since 1999

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: Stadt
- **wappen**: DEU Bietigheim-Bissingen COA.svg
- **bundesland**: Baden-Württemberg
- **regierungsbezirk**: Stuttgart
- **landkreis**: Ludwigsburg
- **höhe**: 200
- **fläche**: 31.29
- **einwohner**: 42259
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **plz**: 74301 – 74321
- **vorwahl**: 07142
- **kfz**: LB
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 1 18 079
- **gliederung**: Kernstadt und 4 Stadtteile
- **bürgermeister**: Jürgen Kessing
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **partei**: SPD
Grady Sizemore

**Grady Sizemore III** (born August 2, 1982) is a retired American baseball player. He played for four Major League Baseball teams: the Cleveland Indians, Boston Red Sox, Philadelphia Phillies, and Tampa Bay Rays. He was a center fielder.

Sizemore graduated from Cascade High School in Everett, Washington in 2000. A notable high school star in football, basketball, and baseball, Sizemore signed a letter of intent to play football and baseball at the University of Washington. At the time of his high school graduation, Sizemore was the Cascade all-time leader in rushing yards with 3,081 yards and interceptions with 16.

Sizemore did not play for the college because the Expos selected Sizemore in the 3rd round of the 2000 Draft. The team offered him a $2 million signing bonus for him not to play for the college. Sizemore signed and almost immediately began his quick climb to the big leagues.

In 2002, he was traded to the Cleveland Indians by the Montreal Expos.

In 2006, Sizemore was selected to his first All-Star Game as a reserve outfielder.

Sizemore currently resides in Mill Creek, Washington and Tempe, Arizona.
Joachim Sauer

**Joachim Sauer** (born 19 April 1949) is a German professor of physical and theoretical chemistry. He was born in Hosena, Brandenburg. Sauer has two sons by his first wife. He married Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel on 30 December 1998.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2009.
Everett, Washington

**Everett** is a city in the American state of Washington.  It is the county seat of Snohomish County. As of 2020, 110,629 people live in Everett.

The city is where Boeing builds many of its airplanes, like the Boeing 747 and Boeing 787. It is also where the United States Navy has a base called Naval Station Everett.

## Other websites

- City website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Everett, Washington
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Everett Station and Everett skyline, April 2020.jpg
- **image alt**: A train station with a three-story building and covered platforms seen against a background with several high-rise buildings in the distance.
- **image caption**: Everett Station and the city skyline
- **image blank emblem**: Logo of Everett, Washington (horizontal).svg
- **blank emblem type**: Logo
- **blank emblem alt**: A blue square with three white lines to form a stylized "E", with the words "Everett Washington" next to it.
- **blank emblem size**: 150px
- **image map**: Snohomish_County_Washington_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Everett_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Everett, Washington
- **pushpin map**: Washington#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Washington##Location within the United States
- **pushpin label**: Everett
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Washington, County
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision name1**: Washington (state), Washington
- **subdivision name2**: Snohomish County, Washington, Snohomish
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 1890
- **established title2**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date2**: May 4, 1893
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 47.91
- **area land sq mi**: 33.19
- **area water sq mi**: 14.71
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 110629
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **population metro**: 4,018,762 (US: List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 15th)
- **population rank**: US: List of United States cities by population, 280th
WA: 7th
- **population demonym**: Everettite
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific (PST)
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **postal code type**: Zip codes
- **postal code**: 98201, 98203, 98204, 98206, 98207, 98208, 98213
- **area code**: Area code 425, 425
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 53-22640
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1512198
- **area total km2**: 124.08
- **area land km2**: 85.96
- **area water km2**: 38.11
- **population density km2**: 1296.76
Tempe, Arizona

**Tempe** is an American city in the central part of the southwestern state of Arizona. A spring training team plays baseball in Tempe in March. Grady Sizemore resides here when not playing baseball and traveling with his team. Tempe, Arizona is also home to Arizona State University and many businesses. It features attractions such as Tempe Town Lake and The Light Rail.
Hamburger SV

The **Hamburger Sport-Verein** (short **HSV**) is German Sportsclub from Hamburg and became known particularly by its football crews. The man crew of the HSV created it thereby as an only soccer association, 43 years long continuously in the Bundesliga to play and was always first-class since the establishment union in the year 1919 as only German association. The woman football crew Hamburg sports association plays likewise in the 1. Federal league. The football team is playing their homegames in the HSH Nordbank Arena.

The first ice hockey woman crew plays in the first federal league.

The first table tennis gentleman crew plays for many years in the second federal league.

Further kinds of sport of the association are Baseball, Basketball, Bowling, Cricket, Golf, Gymnastics, Handball, Ice hockey, Roller hockey, Carats, Athletics, Rugby, swimming, tennis, Tournament dance and Volleyball.

The HSV is with 40.000 members the third biggest association of Germany.

## League position

|Season|League|Position|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2000/01|Bundesliga|13th|
|2001/02|Bundesliga|11th|
|2002/03|Bundesliga|4th|
|2003/04|Bundesliga|8th|
|2004/05|Bundesliga|8th|
|2005/06|Bundesliga|3rd|
|2006/07|Bundesliga|7th|
|2007/08|Bundesliga|4th|
|2008/09|Bundesliga|5th|

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Hamburger SV
- **image**: Hamburger SV logo.svg
- **image size**: 200px
- **fullname**: Hamburger Sport-Verein e.V.
- **nickname**: _Die Rothosen_ (The Red Shorts)
_Der Dinosaurier_ (The Dinosaur)
- **ground**: Imtech Arena
- **capacity**: 56,889
- **chrtitle**: Chairman
- **chairman**: Carl-Edgar Jarchow
- **mgrtitle**: Head coach
- **manager**: Daniel Thioune
- **league**: 2. Bundesliga
- **season**: 2023–24
- **position**: 4th
- **current**: 2024–25 Hamburger SV season
- **website**: http://www.hsv.de/
- **pattern la1**: _hamburger2425h
- **pattern b1**: _hamburger2425h
- **pattern ra1**: _hamburger2425h
- **pattern sh1**: _hamburger2425h
- **pattern so1**: _hamburger2324h
- **leftarm1**: FFFFFF
- **body1**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm1**: FFFFFF
- **shorts1**: FF0000
- **socks1**: 0000FF
- **pattern la2**: _hamburger2425a
- **pattern b2**: _hamburger2425a
- **pattern ra2**: _hamburger2425a
- **pattern sh2**: _hamburger2425a
- **pattern so2**: _hamburger2425a
- **leftarm2**: 000060
- **body2**: 000060
- **rightarm2**: 000060
- **shorts2**: 000060
- **socks2**: 000060
- **pattern la3**: _hamburger2425t
- **pattern b3**: _hamburger2425t
- **pattern ra3**: _hamburger2425t
- **pattern sh3**: _hamburger2425t
- **pattern so3**: _hamburger2425t
- **leftarm3**: 000000
- **body3**: ef0000
- **rightarm3**: 000000
- **shorts3**: 000000
- **socks3**: ef0000
Palace of Soviets

The **Palace of the Soviets** (Russian: Dvorjez Sovjetov / Дворец Советов) was a building project planned by the government of the Soviet Union. A contest was held for the architectural design of the building from 1931 until 1933. Construction was started on the building in 1933, but was stopped in 1941 because of World War II. The building was going to be used as a administrative center and meeting place. It was to be built in Moscow near the Kremlin. The palace would have had a height of 415m. This would have made it the largest building of the world at that time.

The building was designed by the architect Boris Iofan. During its design, there were many changes to how it would look and to the location of the palace in Moscow.
Ravicherla

**Ravicherla** is a village in Nuzvid Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a peaceful village with about 1300 people living in it. Most of the people living here work on agriculture. The main crops are mango and paddi. This village has different religions including Hinduism, Christianity and Islam.

In recent times, youths in this village are very interested in Information techology (IT) and getting good education and income in this field. Its a great place to learn many things in life. No of people are settled in IT profession from this small village. There are MBA's, MCA's and B.tech minds which come from this village, mainly favouritism for Tekugu Desam Partty and Nandamuri fans especially for Junior NTR
San Marino, California

**San Marino** is a residential town in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Its population is 12,513 as per the 2020 United States Census.
Ballade

- _For the ballade as a musical (instrumental) form see **ballade (musical form)**. _

A **ballade** is a medieval French verse or song which tells a story.  Like the rondeau and the virelai it was very popular in 14th and 15th century France.  All these three songs were originally dances.  Famous composers like Guillaume de Machaut wrote ballades.

Ballade verses often had three stanzas which had the same metre and rhyme scheme, and the last line was often the same.  They might end with an envoi which meant that it was addressing a king or prince.  The great English poet Geoffrey Chaucer wrote ballades.
Ballade (classical music)

_This article is about the instrumental ballade that was popular in the 19th century.
For the medieval French ballade see Ballade_.

A **ballade** is a piece of music, usually for piano. It has several tunes, and one can easily imagine that it is telling a story (a ballade is a medieval French song which tells a story).

The first composer who used the title “ballade” for his piano pieces was Frédéric Chopin. He wrote four ballades. They are quite free in form. Chopin does not tell us about any particular story he had in mind. Perhaps they are just musical stories. They are four of his finest works.

Later on other composers also wrote ballades: César Franck and Franz Liszt in particular. Johannes Brahms wrote ballades for piano which are quite like songs in their form. Edvard Grieg wrote a ballade which was based on a Norwegian song.

Gabriel Fauré wrote a ballade for piano and orchestra. Some composers wrote ballades for orchestra, but they are really like short symphonic poems.
RAF (disambiguation)

**RAF** refers to the Royal Air Force, the air force of the United Kingdom.

**RAF** or **Raf** may also refer to:

## Military and paramilitary

- Rapid Action Force, India, paramilitary police
- Royal Aircraft Factory, UK, 1912–1918
- Royal Air Force, the UK air force
- Russian Armed Forces, the Russian military
- Russian Air Force, the air force of Russia

## Organizations

- Recreational Aviation Foundation, United States
- Red Army Faction, a left-wing militant group in West Germany
- Riga Autobus Factory, a factory in Latvia
- Road Accident Fund, South Africa
- Rodez AF or le Raf, a French football club
- Russian Automobile Federation, a Russian motorist association

## People

- Raf (comics) (1928-1997), Spanish comic author
- Raf (singer) (born 1959), Italian singer
- RAF Camora (born 1984), Austrian rapper
- Raf de Gregorio (born 1977), New Zealand soccer player
- Raf Simons (born 1968), Belgian fashion designer
- Raf Vallone (1916–2002), Italian actor
- _Raf._, taxonomic author abbreviation of Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783–1840), French polymath

## Other uses

- R.A.F. (film), a 1935 British documentary film
- "Raf" (song), a song by 2017 by ASAP Mob named after Belgian fashion designer
- Raf kinase
- Retired after finishing, a sailing race term
- .raf, raw image format used by Fuji
Allianz Arena

**Allianz Arena** (; known as **Fußball Arena München** for UEFA competitions) is a football stadium in the north of Munich, Germany. Bayern Munich, TSV 1860 München and the Germany national football team use this stadium. The stadium offers 69,901 seats.

The stadium was used for the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final while the 2025 final is set to be used.

## Construction

The stadium took about 340 million Euros to make. The stadium was made with real grass. The architect was Herzog & de Meuron and ArupSport.

### 2006 FIFA World Cup

The stadium was one of the venues for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. However, due to sponsorship contracts, the arena was called _FIFA World Cup Stadium Munich_ during the World Cup.

The following games were played at the stadium during the World Cup of 2006:

|Date|Time (CEST)|Team #1|Result|Team #2|Round|Attendance|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|9 June 2006|18:00|align=right|style="text-align:center;"|4–2||Group A (opening match)|66,000|
|14 June 2006|18:00|align=right|style="text-align:center;"|2–2||Group H|66,000|
|18 June 2006|18:00|align=right|style="text-align:center;"|2–0||Group F|66,000|
|21 June 2006|21:00|align=right|style="text-align:center;"|3–2||Group C|66,000|
|24 June 2006|17:00|align=right|style="text-align:center;"|2–0||Round of 16|66,000|
|5 July 2006|21:00|align=right|style="text-align:center;"|0–1||Semi-finals|66,000|

### UEFA Euro 2020

The stadium hosted three group stage matches and one quarter-finals match at the UEFA Euro 2020.

|Date|Time|Team #1|Result|Team #2|Round|Attendance|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|16 June 2021|21:00|align=right|style="text-align:center;"| 1–0|rowspan="2"|rowspan="3" |Group F|13,000|
|19 June 2021|18:00|align=right|style="text-align:center;"| 2–4|12,926|||
|23 June 2021|21:00|align=right|style="text-align:center;"| 2–2||12,413||
|2 July 2021|21:00|align=right|style="text-align:center;"| 1–2||Quarter-finals|12,984|

## Other websites

- Official website of Allianz Arena Facts and Figures Section provides details like the amount of concrete used, composition of the facade, facade lighting etc.
- Seat Plan of the Allianz Arena
- Allianz Arena – video
- Allianz Arena Guide and Images

## Infobox (venue)

- **stadium name**: Allianz Arena
- **image**: München - Allianz-Arena (Luftbild).jpg
- **image size**: 300
- **caption**: **UEFA Elite stadium, UEFA**
- **location**: Munich, Germany
- **broke ground**: 21 October 2002
- **publictransit**: at Fröttmaning (Munich U-Bahn), Fröttmaning
- **opened**: 30 May 2005
- **owner**: Allianz Arena München Stadion GmbH
- **operator**: Allianz Arena München Stadion GmbH
- **surface**: natural grass
- **construction cost**: €340 million
- **structural engineer**: Arup Group Limited, Ove Arup & Partners
- **suites**: 106
Imtech Arena

The **Imtech Arena** is a concert and sports arena in Hamburg, Germany. It is owned and used by the Hamburger SV football team. Many Hamburg residents still refer to the arena as the Volksparkstadion (Peoples Park Stadium), though AOL bought the naming rights for 30 million marks or 15.3 million euros in 2001. From July 2007 until July 2010 the name was HSH Nordbank Arena.

## Museum

The stadium houses a museum which presents the history of the Hamburger SV club.

The HSV museum is open daily from 10 am to 8 pm.

## Other websites

- Official site of the Imtech Arena
- Pictures of the Imtech Arena
Veltins Arena

The **Veltins-Arena** (between 2001 and 2005 **Arena AufSchalke**) in Gelsenkirchen, Germany, is the stadium of the German member of the soccer federal league FC Schalke 04. The Veltins arena is one of the most modern stages of the world and possesses since June 2015 a capacity of 62.271 spectators with plays on national level, with international plays due to the standing place prohibition of 54,740 spectators. Apart from the actual use as football stadium of the FC Schalke 04 also different meetings, like concerts, take place in this multi-function arena. Due to the outline of the Rhine stadium in Duesseldorf the arena became occasionally also venue of the Home plays of the American football crew Rhine Fire.

The Veltins arena got 2004 lent of the UEFA the status of a 5-Stars-Stadium. The comment of the UEFA delegation read even: The place of event will the requirements more than fair and could even than ‚six star Stadion' be evaluated. It may align thereby final games of the UEFA champions League and the UEFA cup.
FC Schalke 04

The **Fußball-Club Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04**, commonly known as **FC Schalke 04**, is a successful and popular German football  club.

It plays in Gelsenkirchen. With more than 80.313 members (15. Dezember 2009) at present it is the second largest Sportsclub of Germany and has departments for football, basketball, table tennis, handball and athletics. Since August 2001 the association plays its home plays in the Veltins arena (to 30 June 2005 Veltins Arena), one of the most modern stages of the world. In the coat of arms a white G is to be recognized, which stands for Gelsenkrichen.

There exists a great rivalry between Schalke 04 and Borussia Dortmund. The reason is the honorable competition of these clubs which live in neighborhood. Since the first match in 1925 there have been 135 matches. Schalke won 55 of them, Dortmund won 45 and 35 ended in a draw. In the 2009–10 Bundesliga season Schalke won both matches.

## Football

The football team is playing their home plays in the Veltins Arena. 61,673 people can visit the stadium for football matches in national, or 54,442 in internation competitions. During other events as for example concerts or opera plays 79,296 people can take place in the stadium. Its was also one of the 12 venues for the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany and the final of the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League between FC Porto and AS Monaco has been played there.

## Coach

The current coach (and Manager) of Schalke 04 is Dimitrios Grammozis.

## Success

**International**
- UEFA-Cup-Sieger
o 1997 (1:0 und 0:1 (4:1 i.E.) gegen Inter Mailand)
- UI-Cup-Sieger 2003, 2004

**Championship**
- German champion (seven times):
o 1934 (2:1 vs 1. FC Nürnberg)
o 1935 (6:4 vs VfB Stuttgart)
o 1937 (2:0 vs 1. FC Nürnberg)
o 1939 (9:0 vs Admira Wien)
o 1940 (1:0 vs Dresdner SC)
o 1942 (2:0 vs Vienna Wien)
o 1958 (3:0 vs Hamburger SV)
o Schalke was eight times runner-up

**DFB-Cup**
- DFB-Pokalsieger:
o 1937 (2:1 vs Fortuna Düsseldorf)
o 1972 (5:0 vs 1. FC Kaiserslautern)
o 2001 (2:0 vs 1. FC Union Berlin)
o 2002 (4:2 vs Bayer 04 Leverkusen)
o 2011 (5:0 vs MSV Duisburg)
- DFL-Ligapokalsieger 2005

## Other websites

- Official site of Schalke 04
- Official site of _Schalke_'s Veltins Arena

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: FC Schalke 04
- **fullname**: Fußball-Club Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04 e. V.
- **nickname**: _Die Knappen_ (_The Knaves_)
_Die Königsblauen_ (_The Royal Blues_)
- **founded**: 1904
- **ground**: Veltins-Arena,
Gelsenkirchen
- **capacity**: 61,482
- **chairman**: Josef Schnusenberg
- **manager**: Huub Stevens
- **league**: German Bundesliga, 1. Bundesliga
- **season**: German Bundesliga 2009–10, 2009–10
- **position**: German Bundesliga, 1. Bundesliga, 2nd
Coat of arms of Germany

The **coat of arms of Germany** (German **Wappen Deutschlands**) is a symbol of Germany; the coat of arms feature an eagle. The coat of arms are similar to those of the flag of Germany (black, red and gold ). It is the oldest existing state symbol in Europe and is one of the oldest insignia in the world. Its history as an emblem is far longer, however.

To the Germanic tribes the eagle was the bird of the god Odin, and by the Romans, too, it was revered as the symbol of the supreme god, of the emperor and of invincibility. From there and through its religious significance in Christendom it came to be incorporated into medieval symbolism.
Plauen

**Plauen** is the biggest city of the Vogtlandkreis in the southwest of Saxony. It is the fifth-largest city in the state. Only Leipzig, Dresden, Chemnitz and Zwickau are larger.

Plauen was a _Kreisfreie stadt_ until July 2008. Since 1. August 2008 Plauen ist Part of the Vogtlandkreis.

The nearest large cities are Zwickau, about  northeast and Gera, about  north of Plauen.

## History

Plauen was already settled in the Bronze Age, but the first written record of the city was in 1122, when the oldest church (named _Johanniskirche_) was build. About 1224 Plauen has get the Town privileges. 1632 a big part of the city was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War. Since about 1830 Plauen grow because of the textile-industry. In the Second World Warabout three quarters of the city was destroyed by the United States Army Air Force and the Royal Air Force.

1989 Plauen was the first city in the German Democratic Republic were happens a big demonstration against the Government. This leads to the Wende.

## Population change

Plauen became a large city in 1904 when the population reached 100.000. In 1912 it reached its biggest ever population with 128.000.

After the Second World War Germany was divided. Plauen was in the border area. Laws about living in the border areas of East Germany meant the population fell greatly.

According to the statistics office of the Free State of Saxony, on 31 December 2009 Plauen's population was 66,412.

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: Stadt
- **wappen**: Plauen Coat of arms.svg
- **bundesland**: Sachsen
- **regierungsbezirk**: Chemnitz
- **landkreis**: Vogtlandkreis Rural District, Vogtlandkreis
- **höhe**: 412
- **fläche**: 102.12
- **einwohner**: 66412
- **stand**: 2009-12-31
- **plz**: 08523;-5;-7;-9
- **vorwahl**: 03741
- **kfz**: V <small>(by 2008 PL)</small>
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 14 5 23 320
- **gliederung**: 5 town boroughs with 38 parts
- **bürgermeister**: Ralf Oberdorfer
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **partei**: Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP
Braunau am Inn

**Braunau am Inn** is a town in the Innviertel region of Upper Austria (Oberösterreich), the north-western state of Austria. It lies about 90 km west of Linz and about 60 km north of Salzburg, on the border with the German state of Bavaria. It has a continental climate (_Dfa_ in the Koeppen climate classification). The population in 2001 was 16,372. A port of entry, it is connected by bridges over the Inn River with its Bavarian counterpart, Simbach am Inn. It is the birthplace of Adolf Hitler. It was in the American Occupation Zone of Austria from 1945 to 1955 .

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Braunau am Inn
- **image skyline**: Stadtplatz Braunau am Inn.jpg
- **imagesize**: 325px
- **image caption**: Braunau town centre
- **image shield**: AUT Braunau am Inn COA.svg
- **shield size**: 80x110px
- **pushpin map**: Austria
- **pushpin mapsize**: 270
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Austria
- **map caption**: Location within Braunau am Inn district
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Austria
- **subdivision type1**: States of Austria, State
- **subdivision name1**: Upper Austria
- **subdivision type2**: District (Austria), District
- **subdivision name2**: Braunau am Inn District, Braunau am Inn
- **parts style**: para
- **leader title**: Burgomaster, Mayor
- **leader name**: Johannes Waidbacher
- **elevation m**: 352
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **timezone dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset**: +1
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **registration plate**: Vehicle registration plates of Austria, BR
- **postal code type**: List of postal codes in Austria, Postal code
- **postal code**: 5280, 5282A
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in Austria, Area code
- **area code**: 07722
Berlin Hauptbahnhof

**Berlin Hauptbahnhof** (English: **Berlin Central Station**) is the central railway station of the German capital Berlin. It began full operation two days after a ceremonial opening on 26 May 2006.

It is on the site of the old _Lehrter Bahnhof_. Until it opened as a main line station, it was a stop on the Berlin S-Bahn suburban railway, temporarily named _Berlin Hauptbahnhof - Lehrter Bahnhof_ in 2002.

The station has the largest traffic volume for a through-station in Europe. Paris Gare du Nord is the largest station in Europe measured by traffic volume but it is regarded as a terminus.  It is on five levels, with lifts and escaltors.  There are many shops and cafes.

The longest route that runs through Berlin Central railway station is the Sibirjak. It links Berlin to some cities in Russia. It passes through Poland, Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan. The longest route offered goes to Novosibirsk. This takes almost four days to travel.
Mazurka

The **Mazurka** is a Polish country dance.  It comes from an area called Mazovia near Warsaw where the people are called Mazurs.  It was known in the 16th century.  In the 17th century its popularity spread all over Poland and by the 19th century it was becoming known in England and then the United States.  The Mazurka is very similar to the **Kujawiak** which is a dance from another district near Warsaw.

The Mazurka is a lively dance in 3/4 metre.  It has lots of dotted rhythms and the fourth note of the scale is often sharpened.   The dancers often click their heels on the 2nd or 3rd beat of the bar.  The speed is not always fast, it can be slow, but it is a wilder dance than the waltz which is also in 3/4 time and had become very popular as a ballroom dance.

The composer Frédéric Chopin wrote more than 50 mazurkas for the piano.  Chopin really shows his genius in these pieces.  They are very beautiful  and there is a lot of variety and interest in them.  Many of them are not all that difficult to play.  Some of them have very chromatic bits in them.

There were other classical composers who wrote Mazurkas, but none of them are as good as those of Chopin.  Some Russian composers like Glinka and Tchaikovsky wrote several mazurkas.  It was danced a lot in Russia in the 19th century and it is mentioned a lot in Russian novels.  In the 20th century Karol Szymanowski wrote several mazurkas.
Bundesliga (disambiguation)

**Bundesliga** is the name of the highest level of play in many different sports. _Bundesliga_ literally means "Federal League", or league of the whole country. The word is used in the countries Germany and in Austria.  Soccer is the most popular sport in these countries. That is why Germany's soccer league is the best-known Bundesliga.

## Bundesligen in Germany

- Other association football leagues:
    - Frauen-Bundesliga – Women's top division association football in Germany (1990–present)
    - Under 19 Bundesliga – Men's under 19 football (2003–present)
    - Under 17 Bundesliga – Men's under 17 football (2007–present)
- Badminton Bundesliga
- Baseball-Bundesliga (1984–present)
- Basketball Bundesliga (1966–present)
- Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga (founded 1947), women's basketball
- Billard Bundesliga, carom billiards (1967–present)
- Bundesliga (artistic gymnastics)
- Bundesliga (baseball) (1984–present)
- Feldhockey Bundesliga (Men's field hockey)
- Feldhockey Bundesliga (Women's field hockey)
- Bundesliga (handball) (1965–present)
- Handball-Bundesliga (women) (founded 1975), women's handball
- Bundesliga (shooting) (1997–present)
- Bundesliga (speedway)
- Bundesliga (table tennis) (1966–present)
- Tennis Bundesliga (men) (1972–present)
- Bundesliga (volleyball)
- Bundesliga (weightlifting) (1964–present)
- Bundesliga (wrestling) (1964–present)
- Chess Bundesliga (1980–present)
- Cricket Bundesliga
- German Football League (1979–present), American football Bundesliga, renamed in 1999
- Ruder-Bundesliga (2009–present), rowing (eight)
- Roller Hockey Bundesliga (founded 1967), men's roller hockey
- Go-Bundesliga , Go
- Ice hockey
    - Deutsche Eishockey Liga (1995–present)
    - Ice hockey Bundesliga (1958-1994)
    - German women's ice hockey Bundesliga (founded 1988), women's ice hockey
- Rugby
    - Rugby-Bundesliga, rugby union (1971–present)
    - Women's Rugby Bundesliga (1987–present), women's rugby union
- Unihockey-Bundesliga, Floorball
- World League eSport Bundesliga (2005-2006), video games

## Bundesligen in Austria

- Austrian Football Bundesliga – men's football
- Austrian Football League – men's American style football
- Österreichische Basketball Bundesliga – men's basketball
- 1. Rugby Bundesliga - men's rugby
- Austria women's ice hockey Bundesliga (founded 1988), women's ice hockey
Weserstadion

The **Weserstadion** is a stadium in Bremen, Germany. It lies to the right side of the Weser, in the _Pauliner Marsch_, a flooding area in the quarter of Peterswerder. It is the homeground of the Werder Bremen football club.

## History

The Weser stadium was built in 1909 by Bremen's _Allgemeiner Bremer Turn- und Sportverein_ as a sports field. After its first change in the year 1926, it was given the name _ATSB Kampfbahn_. Today's name, which goes back to the direct situation at the Weser river, exists since the year 1930. Since this time there also the sports association Werder Bremen makes its plays. At the beginning of the first season of the soccer Bundesliga in the year 1963 the stadium received its first roofed grandstand. In the following decades also the other grandstands were built and modernized gradually. 1992 for the first time in a stadium a VIP Loge was inserted.
Belt

A **belt** is a piece of clothing worn around a person's waist. They can be used to hold up trousers(pants, men) or skirts(women) or for carrying things in pockets, such as on a utility belt, which police use. Belts are commonly made using cloth or leather. They are worn by men and women, however men wear them more casually and formally. The most common colors are black and brown. Belts have buckles. Belts are thread around belt loops on trousers(usually Jeans and dress pants for men). Belts have holes into which the buckle is put, making them looser and tighter. Cowboys often wear belts and customize/pick their buckles.
Zugspitze

The **Zugspitze** (Bavarian: _Zugspitz_) is located in Bavaria, Germany. It is the highest mountain in Germany. It is  above sea level. It attracts thousands of visitors every year.

## Literature

- Toni Hiebeler: _Zugspitze: Von d. Erstbesteigung bis heute_ Mosaik-Verlag,
- Heinrich Schott: _Die Zugspitze : Gipfel d. Technik, Triumphe u. Tragödien_ Süddeutscher Verlag, München 1987,
Organ (biology)

In biology, an **organ** is a group of tissues that work together in an organism. They specialise in particular vital functions. They create an organ system which, as a whole, is an organism.

These are examples of organs:
- Heart
- Lungs
- Brain
- Ear
- Eye
- Gall bladder
- Stomach
- Spleen
- Bones
- Pancreas
- Kidneys
- Liver
- Intestine
- Skin
- Uterus
- Bladder

## Classification

Organelles > Cells > Tissues > Organs > Organ systems > Organism
Postulate

A **postulate** – sometimes called an axiom – is a statement widely agreed to be true. This is useful for creating proof in the fields of science and mathematics.

## Introduction

Alongside definitions, postulates are often the basic truth of a much larger theory or law. For this reason, a postulate is a hypothesis advanced as an essential part to a train of reasoning.

## Quality

Postulates themselves cannot be proven, but since they are usually self-evident, their acceptance is not a problem. Here is a good example of a postulate – given by Euclid in his studies about geometry.

- _Two points determine (make) a line._
Using this postulate and four others like it, Euclid brought a new understanding of geometry to the world, and many people think they are some of the most influential works in geometry – even in our time.

Sometimes, postulates are not obviously correct, but are required for their consequences. One example is Albert Einstein's postulate that the universe is homogenous. This type of postulate was necessary to make possible some major scientific achievements, but can also be problematic since it is not self-evident.

## Characteristics

As a rule of thumb, postulates tend to have the following characteristics:

1. Few in quantity
1. Obvious and easy to understand
1. Does not contain many words that are difficult to explain
1. True when used alone – they can be used independently
1. Work together without making any strange result (that is, they are consistent)

Postulates are sometimes proved to be wrong after they have been known for a long time, but this is usually because something new has been discovered, and the original creator could not have known any better.

## Related pages

- Hypothesis
- Koch's postulates
- Parallel postulate
Consistency

**Consistency** could mean:

- Consistency proof, in mathematics, logic, and theoretical physics
- Consistency (statistics), a property of estimation
- Consistency criterion for voting systems, which says that whenever option A is the winner in two different districts, it must also be the winner in the combined district
- Consistency model, in computer science
Influence

**Social influence** means someone affecting the emotions, opinions, or behaviours of others. It can be either planned for a purpose, or be an unplanned result of other events.

The adjective **influential** means "having much influence", so influential people or things have the power to change other people or things in some way. This word is often used to describe famous people. For example, Nelson Mandela was a very influential person, because the things he did and said changed many peoples lives, and many people believe he has even influenced the world. King<nowiki/>s, clergy and celebrities are also among the influential, as people pay attention to what they say or do.

Events can also influence. For example, World War II changed many people's lives. They died or became richer or poorer or went to a new place, even after the war ended. When printing became common, it influenced developments in science, politics, religion, and other human activities

Childhood experiences can be a lifelong influence.

## Related pages

- Conformity
- Popularity
- Social Investment
- Virtue signalling
Existence

**Existence** usually means "the state or fact of being", but there are many different views on the meaning of the word **existence**, and what it means to **exist**.

In English, **existence** is usually connected with the verb "to be".
1. I **am** a human.
1. This **is** a pen.
1. The sky **is** blue.
1. Four plus three **is** seven.
The first sentence can be understood to say "I _exist_ as a human", and simply speaking, this is probably true. The fourth sentence is more difficult to understand, because it can be understood to say "seven _exists_ as the sum of four and three", but "seven" is not something that we can see or touch like a pen or a human.

The question "What is existence?" is a very important one for philosophers, and many people think Aristotle is the first human being to have thought seriously about the question.

_A universe from nothing_ by Lawrence M. Krauss. Free Press 2012. The book discusses modern cosmogony and its implications for the debate about the existence of God. The main theme is how "we have discovered that all signs suggest a universe that could and plausibly did arise from a deeper nothing... by processes that do not require any external control or direction."

## Related pages

- Existence quantifier
- Existential crisis
- Existentialism
- Ontology
Lidl

**Lidl Stiftung & Co. KG**, or simply **Lidl**, is a German food retail company.

## Overview

Lidl is an international enterprise with independent national companies almost everywhere in Europe. The company owns more than 10,000 stores. 3,000 of these stores are in Germany alone, making Germany Lidl's biggest national market.

## History

The Lidl & Schwarz Grocery Wholesale company was founded in Germany in the 1930s. The first Lidl stores were opened in 1973, in the 1990s Lidl started opening stores outside Germany and today Lidl stores can be found in nearly every country in Europe. Lidl started its foreign expansion with entering France in 1988. The first store in the United Kingdom (UK) was opened in 1994. Nowadays, there are more than 380 stores in the UK. Lidl supermarkets and Kaufland hypermarkets are part of the Schwarz Group which is one of the largest grocery retailers in Europe, which is based in Neckarsulm, Germany.

## Related pages

- Aldi
- Asda
- Tesco
- Iceland
- Sainsbury's
- Marks & Spencer

## Other websites

- US
- UK
- Yahoo! — Lidl & Schwarz Stiftung & Co. KG Company Profile

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Lidl Stiftung & Co. KG
- **logo**: Lidl-Logo.svg
- **type**: Privately held company
- **trade name**: Lidl
- **founder**: Dieter Schwarz
- **location city**: Neckarsulm, Baden-Württemberg
- **location country**: Germany
- **area served**: Global
- **key people**: Klaus Gehrig, Chairman
- **industry**: Retailing
- **products**: Discount store and Supermarket, hypermarket
- **revenue**: Euro, €59 billion (2010)
- **parent**: Schwarz Gruppe
- **slogan**: Kvaliteta je kod nas, najjeftinija! (Quality is with us - the cheapest!)
Asian Games

The **Asian Games**  are a multi-sport event, held every four years between competitors from all nations of Asia.  It includes a variety of sports, from soccer to alpine skiing. Like the Olympics, it has a winter event and a summer event ^^

## List of Asian Games

- 1951 - 1st Asian Games, New Delhi, India
- 1954 - 2nd Asian Games, Manila, Philippines
- 1958 - 3rd Asian Games, Tokyo, Japan
- 1962 - 4th Asian Games, Jakarta, Indonesia
- 1966 - 5th Asian Games, Bangkok, Thailand
- 1970 - 6th Asian Games, Bangkok, Thailand (_Originally hosted by Seoul, South Korea_)
- 1974 - 7th Asian Games, Tehran, Iran
- 1978 - 8th Asian Games, Bangkok, Thailand (_Originally hosted by Karachi, Pakistan_)
- 1982 - 9th Asian Games, New Delhi, India
- 1986 - 10th Asian Games, Seoul, South Korea
- 1990 - 11th Asian Games, Beijing, China
- 1994 - 12th Asian Games, Hiroshima, Japan
- 1998 - 13th Asian Games, Bangkok, Thailand
- 2002 - 14th Asian Games, Busan, South Korea
- 2006 - 15th Asian Games, Doha, Qatar
- 2010 - 16th Asian Games, Guangzhou, China
- 2014 - 17th Asian Games, Incheon, South Korea
- 2018 - 18th Asian Games, Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia (_Originally hosted by Hanoi, Vietnam_)

## List of Winter Asian Games

1. 1986 Winter Asian Games, Sapporo, Japan
1. 1990 Winter Asian Games, Sapporo, Japan
1. 1996 Winter Asian Games, Harbin, People's Republic of China (originally hosted by North Korea)
1. 1999 Winter Asian Games, Gangwon, South Korea
1. 2003 Winter Asian Games, Aomori, Japan
1. 2007 Winter Asian Games, Changchun, People's Republic of China
1. 2011 Winter Asian Games, Almaty, Kazakhstan

## Other websites

- Olympic Council of Asia
- 15th Asian Games - Doha - 2006
- 6th Winter Asian Games - Changchun - 2007
Newton Mearns

**Newton Mearns** is a small town near Glasgow in Scotland. About 22,000 people live there. Since 1996 it has been part of the East Renfrewshire area.
Musk deer

**Musk deer** are a group of even-toed ungulate mammals. They form the family Moschidae.  There is only one genus in Moschidae, _Moschus_. There are five species of musk deer, and they are all very similar.

Musk deer are not true deer, and are classed in a different family.  Unlike other deer, musk deer do not grow antlers.  Instead, they have large canine teeth that reach down from the mouth. The Musk deer emits a particular odor which gives it its name.

## Taxonomy

- Family _Moschidae_
    - Himalayan musk deer (_Moschus leucogaster_)
    - Alpine musk deer (_Moschus chrysogaster_)
    - Siberian musk deer (_Moschus moschiferus_)
    - Black musk deer (_Moschus fuscus_)
    - Dwarf musk deer (_Moschus berezovskii_)
    - Kashmir musk deer (_Moschus cupreus_)

## Appearance

Musk deer are about 90 centimeters long and about 60 centimeters high with a tail length of 4-6 centimeters. They weigh about 10 kilograms. Musk deer usually have dark brown fur. Males have long upper canine teeth (called tusks), which can be up to 7 cm long. Musk deer do not have antlers. Male musk deer also have a musk gland.

## Habitat

Musk deer live in the mountain forests of Asia, Russia, China, and the Korean Peninsula. They live in the mountains, mostly at heights of 2500 to 3500 meters. They live in dense forests.

## Life

Musk deer are mostly active at night. Musk deer eat grass and moss; in winter they also eat twigs and lichen.

Musk deer live alone. They only come together to mate. If two male musk deer meet, they fight, during which they can seriously hurt each other with their tusk-like teeth.

The female gives birth to 1-2 babies. A musk deer baby has spots on its fur.

## Musk deer and humans

Male musk deer have a gland that produces musk. Musk is used to make perfumes and soap, and it is also used in Traditional Chinese medicine. One musk gland has about 25 to 30 grams of musk. Musk deer have been hunted and killed for its musk. Because of this, musk deer have become fewer and endangered.
Another method is to catch a living musk deer, take its musk, and let it go free again. This method takes more time, so it is not used often. There are also musk deer farms.
Himalayan musk deer

The **Himalayan musk deer** or **white-bellied musk deer** (_Moschus leucogaster_) is a deer that lives in Central Asia.

Like other musk deer, the Himalayan musk deer lives in the Himalayan mountains and places around those mountains. They are large plant-eating animals that can live in cold places.

## Behavior

Himalayan musk deer are active at night and at dawn and dusk. They spend most of their time alone.

Himalayan musk deer all leave their feces in the same place. Scientists call this a latrine site. They do this to mark their territory, meaning to show other deer that a place belongs to them.

Scientists have seen them 3200–4200 meters above sea level. Scientists believe Himalayan musk deer like forests with a mixture of Himalayan birch and Himalayan fir trees. They like places with many different kinds of smaller plants.

## Threats

Himalayan musk deer are in danger of dying out because human beings trap them for their fur and their musk pods. People use musk pods to make perfumes and in traditional medicines. When people set traps for male musk deer, they trap and kill female musk deer and fawns too. In the 21st century, one kilogram of musk pod can pay US$45,000.
FIBA Basketball World Cup

The **FIBA Basketball World Cup**, known as the **FIBA World Championship** from 1950 through 2010, is a world basketball tournament for men's national teams held once every four years by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). After the 2014 FIBA World Cup, the tournament will move to a new four-year cycle to avoid conflict with the FIFA World Cup. To that end, no tournament will be held in 2018; the FIBA World Cup will resume in 2019.

The current champions are Spain. They defeated Argentina 95-75 in the 2019 tournament at the Cadillac Center in Beijing, China.

## Tournaments

|rowspan=2 width=6%|Year|rowspan=2 width=15%|Hosts|rowspan=21 width=1%||colspan=3|Gold Medal Game|rowspan=21 width=1%||colspan=3|Bronze Medal Game|rowspan=21 width=1%||rowspan=2 width=4%|Number of Teams|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**1950**||****|<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>|||<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>||10||||||||
|**1954**||****|<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>|||<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>||12||||||||
|**1959**||****|<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>|||<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>||13||||||||
|**1963**||****|<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>|||<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>||13||||||||
|**1967**||****|<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>|||<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>||13||||||||
|**1970**||****|<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>|||<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>||13||||||||
|**1974**||****|<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>|||<span style="color:#A0A0A0;">No playoffs</span>||14||||||||
|**1978**||****|**82–81 OT**|||**86–85**||14||||||||
|**1982**||****|**95–94**|||**119–117**||13||||||||
|**1986**||****|**87–85**|||**117–91**||24||||||||
|**1990**||****|**92–75**|||**107–105 OT**||16||||||||
|**1994**||****|**137–91**|||**78–60**||16||||||||
|**1998**||****|**64–62**|||**84–61**||16||||||||
|**2002**||****|**84–77 OT**|||**117–94**||16||||||||
|**2006**||****|**70–47**|||**96–81**||24||||||||
|**2010**||****|**81–64**|||**99–88**||24||||||||
|**2014**||****|**129–92**|||**95–93**||24||||||||
|**2019**||colspan="3"|_Future event_|colspan="3"|_Future event_|32||||||||||
|**2023**||colspan="3"|_Future event_|colspan="3"|_Future event_|32 (expected)||||||||||

## Related pages

- Basketball

## References

**Notes**
Ludwigsburg

- _This page is about the city. For the district of the same name, please see Ludwigsburg (district)._

**Ludwigsburg** () is a city in the center of Baden-Württemberg. It is about  from the Stuttgart city center. It is the district town and largest city of the Ludwigsburg district, as well as after Esslingen at the Neckar the second largest medium-sized town of Baden-Wuerttemberg.

Together with Kornwestheim, Ludwigsburg forms a central center for the surrounding municipalities. Since 1 April 1956, Ludwigsburg is a large district town.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Ludwigsburg Palace December 2018.jpg
- **image caption**: Ludwigsburg Palace, inner courtyard
- **type**: Stadt
- **image coa**: DEU Ludwigsburg COA.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Stuttgart
- **district**: Ludwigsburg
- **elevation**: 293
- **area**: 43.33
- **population**: 90386
- **stand**: 2014-06-30
- **postal code**: 71634–71642
- **area code**: 07141
- **licence**: LB
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 1 18 048
- **mayor**: Werner Spec
Cooking oil

**Cooking oil** is clean fat from plants or animals that is used for cooking. It is usually a liquid. Cooking oils can either be refined or cold extracted.

Some of the many different kinds of cooking oils are:
- Olive oil
- Coconut oil
- Avocado oil
- Canola oil
- Corn oil
- Cottonseed oil
- Sunflower oil
- Safflower oil
- Peanut oil
- Grapeseed oil
- Sesame oil
- Soybean oil
- Argan oil
- Rice bran oil
- Vegetable oil
- Oils from tree nuts (E.g. cashew, almond, macadamia, etc.)
Pelican

**Pelicans** are a genus of large water birds of the family Pelecanidae. They have a long beak and a large throat pouch. They drain water from the contents before swallowing the fish. They have mostly pale plumage, the exceptions being the brown and Peruvian pelicans. The bills, pouches and bare facial skin of all species are brightly coloured before the breeding season. The eight living pelican species have a patchy global distribution, ranging latitudinally from the tropics to the temperate zone. They are absent from interior South America as well as from polar regions and the open ocean.

## Taxonomy

- Family _Pelecanidae_
    - Great white pelican (_Pelecanus onocrotalus_)
    - Pink-backed pelican (_Pelecanus rufescens_)
    - Spot-billed pelican (_Pelecanus philippensis_)
    - Dalmatian pelican (_Pelecanus crispus_)
    - Australian pelican (_Pelecanus conspicillatus_)
    - American white pelican (_Pelecanus erythrorhynchos_)
    - Brown pelican (_Pelecanus occidentalis_)
    - Peruvian pelican (_Pelecanus thagus_)