Aragon

**Aragon** is an autonomous community in the northeast of Spain. In the various dialects of Spain it is: in ; in ; in .

Aragon covers the area of the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. It is named after the Aragón river, a tributary of the Ebro.

Aragon has three provinces (from north to south): Huesca, Zaragoza and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza (sometimes called _Saragossa_ in English).

## Geography

Aragon is one of the 17 Spanish autonomous communities. It has a surface area of , 9.4 percent of the territory of Spain. By area, it is the fourth largest Spanish autonomous community after Castile and León, Andalusia and Castile-La Mancha.

Aragon is bordered to the north by France (Nouvelle-Aquitaine region). Within Spain, the community is bordered to the east by Catalonia (Lerida and Tarragona provinces), to the south by Valencian Community (Castellón and Valencia provinces) and Castile-La Mancha (Cuenca and Guadalajara provinces), and to the west by Castile and León (Soria province), La Rioja and Navarre.

### Relief

Most of Aragon has an altitude of . The highest point is the Aneto peak with  high; it is the highest mountain of the Pyrenees.

The lowest point in Aragon is on the Ebro river, close to Zaragoza, with an altitude of  high.

The three main geographical regions of Aragon are:
1. The **Aragonese Pyrenees** has the highest points of this range that separates Spain from France. The main mountains are Aneto (3,404 m), the highest in the range, Posets Peak (3,375 m), Monte Perdido (3,355 m), Perdiguero (3,222 m), Cotiella (2,912 m), among others. The main Pyrenean valleys, formed by the rivers that are born there, are Ansó (Veral river), Hecho (Aragon Subordán river), Canfranc (Aragón river), Tena (Gállego river) and Broto-Ainsa-Benasque (Ara, Cinca and Ésera rivers). The Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park lies above these valleys.
1. Further south, the **Ebro valley**, irrigated by the Ebro river, is a rich and fertile agricultural area covered with vast fields of wheat, barley and other fruit and vegetable crops. Many beautiful and little-known settlements, castles and Roman ruins are found here.
1. South of Zaragoza and the Ebro valley, the elevation rises again into the **Sistema Ibérico**, a complex system of mountain ranges that separates the Ebro valley from the Meseta Central and plains of Castile-La Mancha. The highest mountain in this range is the Moncayo with .

### Rivers

Most of the Aragonese rivers are tributaries of the Ebro, Spain's largest river in volume and which divides Aragon into two. Some important tributaries on the left side of the river (rivers that come from the Pyrenees) are the Aragón, born in Huesca but flows into the community of Navarre, the Gállego and Cinca, which joins the Segre just before ending up in the Ebro. Right tributaries are the rivers Jalón, Huerva and Guadalupe.

On the Ebro, near the border with Catalonia, lies the Mequinenza Reservoir, with a length of about 110 km, and that is popularly known as the _Sea of Aragon_.

### Climate

Climatically, Aragon can be divided into three areas:
1. **Continental Mediterranean**. The Ebro valley. One of the severest climates in Spain and a daily and winter-summer temperature range. Low levels of rainfall which decrease as clouds move east towards Catalonia.
1. **Alpine-mountain climate**. Short summers and very cold winters, though with big differences depending on altitude and orientation.
1. **Continental**. The Calatayud-Daroca-Teruel region with mountains to the west and east that block the humid winds from the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea. Low rainfall: . Hot summers and very cold winters.

In the middle of Aragon, which is only  above sea level, the annual average temperature is around . To the north and south of the Ebro valley, where the elevation rises to  above sea level, the temperature drops by two degrees. In the mountains, between , the temperatures are between .

## Administrative divisions

Aragon consists of three provinces named after their capitals: Huesca, Teruel and Zaragoza. Each province is divided in _comarcas_ (a _comarca_ is a local administrative division) and these are divided in municipalities.

|Province|Capital|Population|Area   (km<sup>2</sup>)   !! Municipalities||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Huesca|Huesca|226,329|15,626|202|
|Teruel|Teruel|142,183|14,809|236|
|Zaragoza|Zaragoza|978,638|17,274|292|

## Population

Aragon has a population, in 2013, of 1,347,150, for a population density of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>, one of the lowest in Spain. The most densely populated areas are around the valley of the Ebro river, particularly around Zaragoza, and in the Pyrenean foothills (the hills at the base of the Pyrenees), while the areas with the fewest inhabitants tend to be those that are higher up in the Pyrenean mountains, and in most of the southern province of Teruel.

The province of Zaragoza is the one with more inhabitants, with 978,638 people living there, representing % of the population of Aragon.

The city with more people living in it is the capital, Zaragoza (620,419). The other provincial capitals Huesca and Teruel have, respectively, 47,923 and 31,506 inhabitants.

### Most important cities

The 10 most important cities in the department are:

|City|Population (2011)|Province|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Zaragoza|620,419|Zaragoza|
|Huesca|47,923|Huesca|
|Teruel|31,506|Teruel|
|Calatayud|18,531|Zaragoza|
|Ejea de los Caballeros|16,183|Zaragoza|
|Barbastro|15,457|Huesca|
|Alcañiz|13,708|Teruel|
|Fraga|13,035|Huesca|
|Jaca|12,322|Huesca|

## Language

Spanish is the native language in most of Aragón. The only official language, it is understood and spoken by virtually everyone in the region.Also, Aragonese is still spoken, in several local varieties, in the mountainous northern counties of the Pyrenees, particularly in western Ribagorza, Sobrarbe, Jacetania and Somontano. In the easternmost areas of Aragón, along the border with Catalonia, varieties of Catalan are spoken, including the comarcas of eastern Ribagorza, La Litera, Bajo Cinca, Bajo Aragón-Caspe, Bajo Aragón and Matarraña.

## Other websites

- Government of Aragon
- Senderos de Aragón Aragon government tourism site
- Guide to the Aragon Pyrenees Mountains
- Maps of Aragon

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Aragon
- **native name**:

- **settlement type**: Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous community
- **image flag**: Bandera de Aragón.svg
- **flag alt**: Flag of Aragon
- **seal type**: Crown of Aragon, Royal Banner
- **image shield**: Escudo de Aragón.svg
- **shield alt**: Coat-of-arms of Aragon
- **anthem**: Himno de Aragón (officially)
  Unofficial Anthem:
- **image map**:
- **map caption**: Location of Aragon within Spain
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Zaragoza
- **parts type**: Provinces of Spain, Provinces
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Province of Huesca, Huesca
- **p2**: Province of Teruel, Teruel
- **p3**: and Province of Zaragoza, Zaragoza
- **area total km2**: 47720
- **area footnotes**: (9.4% of Spain; List of Spanish autonomous communities by area, ranked 4th)
- **population as of**: 1 January 2021
- **population total**: 1,326,261
- **population blank1 title**: List of Spanish autonomous communities by population, Pop. rank
- **population blank1**: 11th
- **population blank2 title**: Percent
- **population blank2**: 2.82% of Spain
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population demonym**: Aragonese people, Aragonese
- **blank name sec1**: Official languages
- **blank info sec1**: Spanish language, Spanish
- **blank1 name sec1**: Recognised languages
- **blank1 info sec1**: Aragonese language, Aragonese, Catalan language, Catalan
- **blank2 name sec1**: Statute of Autonomy
- **blank2 info sec1**: 16 August 1982
18 April 2007 (current version)
- **blank3 name sec1**: National day
- **blank3 info sec1**: 23 April
- **blank name sec2**: Parliament
- **blank info sec2**: Cortes of Aragon
- **blank1 name sec2**: Congress of Deputies (Spain), Congress seats
- **blank1 info sec2**: 13 (of 350)
- **blank2 name sec2**: Senate of Spain, Senate seats
- **blank2 info sec2**: 14 (of 265)
- **blank3 name sec2**: Human Development Index, HDI (2019)
- **blank3 info sec2**: 0.911
 · List of Spanish autonomous communities by Human Development Index, 6th
- **postal code type**: ISO 3166 code
- **postal code**: ES-AR
- **leader title**: President of the Government of Aragon, President
- **leader name**: Javier Lambán (PSOE)
- **leader title1**: Legislature
- **leader name1**: Cortes of Aragon
- **website**: [http://www.aragon.es Gobierno de Aragón]