juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rose (name)

**Rose** [ rohz ] is a female given name based on the flower. The name "Rose" has been a popular choice for baby girls for centuries due to its timeless and attractive qualities. The name originates from the Latin term "rosa," which refers to the flower known as the "rose." Throughout history, "Rose" has been associated with the concepts of love, beauty, and purity, making it a meaningful and symbolic option for parents searching for a name for their daughter. This name was ranked #116 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## Origin

This feminine name comes from a late Latin word _rosa_.

## Variants

There are many variants. One of them is _Rosemary_.

## Uses

The name Rose is currently under List One of the Atlantic tropical cyclone names.

## People

- Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, American philanthropist and mother of John F. Kennedy
- Rose McGowan, American actress, director and activist
The 300 Spartans

***The 300 Spartans*** is a 1962 Cinemascope movie depicting the Battle of Thermopylae. It was shot in the village of Perachora in the Peloponnese. It stars Richard Egan as the Spartan king Leonidas I, Ralph Richardson as Themistocles of Athens, and David Farrar as Persian king Xerxes. Diane Baker as Ellas and Barry Coe as Phylon provide the romantic element.

The movie is about a force of Greek warriors led by 300 Spartans which fights against an enormous  Persian army. The Spartans will not flee or surrender, even if it means their deaths.

When it was released in 1962, critics saw the movie as a commentary on the Cold War. It was impossible to shoot at Thermopylae. The sea had receded about 3 miles farther away from the narrow pass. Some 5,000 members of the Royal Hellenic Army were loaned by the King of Greece to portray both the Spartans and the Persians.
Transition state

In a chemical reaction, the **transition state** is the point where there is a maximum value of energy. This energy is called the activation energy. When two or more molecules are mixed, they will hit each other. If they hit with enough energy to go through the transition state, they will react and form new molecules. At the transition state, new bonds are formed while the old ones are broken. In a graph or a drawing, the transition state is often marked with the double dagger ‡ symbol.

It is very difficult to study a transition state. This is because it is so high in energy that the molecules will stay in that form for a very short time, usually femtoseconds. It is important not to confuse transition states with intermediates. Intermediates are found at minimum points of energy, and they can live for a very long time. Like a transition state, however, an intermediate is between reagents and products of a reaction.

Studying transition states is very important to understand reaction mechanisms. There are theories and computer programs that can be used to calculate how the transition state looks like. This is a part of chemical kinetics.
Winged Victory of Samothrace

The ***Winged Victory of Samothrace*** (or ***Nike of Samothrace***) is a Parian marble sculpture now in the Louvre, Paris, France.  It is believed to have been made about 190 BC. It was discovered in 1863. It commemorates Nike, the Greek victory in a sea battle near Samothrace. It stands 2.44 m high. The work presents a pose where violent motion and sudden stillness meet. It is notable for its graceful balance and for the rendering of the figure's draped garments, depicted as if rippling in a strong sea breeze.
Activation energy

The **activation energy** of a chemical reaction is the minimum energy that is needed to make the reaction happen. It usually has the symbol E<sub>a</sub> and it is measured in kilojoule per mole. It can be thought of as a barrier between the reagents and the products of a reaction. The activation energy is the difference in energy between the transition state and the starting reagents.

## Arrhenius equation

This equation is a way of calculating the activation energy. Its form is:
Here, _k_ is the rate constant of the reaction (which can be measured using chemical kinetics), _A_ is a frequency factor, _R_ is the universal gas constant, _T_ is the temperature. If we measure how fast the reaction goes at different temperatures, then we can make a graph and calculate the activation energy using this equation.

## Catalysis

When using a catalyst the activation energy is made smaller. This means that the reaction can go faster at the same temperature. The catalyst does not change the energy of the reagents or the products. Also, the catalyst does not change in the reaction. Therefore, it can be used again and again and only a small amount of a catalyst is needed.
300 (comics)

***300*** is a graphic novel written and drawn by Frank Miller and colored by Lynn Varley. It tells the story of the Spartans, the Persians, and the Battle of Thermopylae. The individual volumes were collected and reprinted in their entire by Dark Horse in 1999. _Publishers Weekly_ wrote: "Form and content are ideally wedded: Miller's writing is stark, his drawings moody and dramatic, and intensified by Varley's grimly appropriate palette of earth and blood. The reader can see and feel the harshness of both the Grecian landscape and Sparta's battle-worshipping culture, as Miller presents the complex historical moment facing the 300." The novel was made into a movie.
Sacred Band of Thebes

The **Sacred Band of Thebes** was an elite fighting unit within the ancient Theban army of the 4th century BC. The earliest surviving record of the Sacred Band by name was made in 324 BC. The unit was comprised of 150 male lovers.  It was believed these men would make better warriors. Plutarch (46–120 AD) is the source of the most substantial surviving account of the Sacred Band. In his _Life of Pelopidas_ Plutarch wrote, "Since the lovers, ashamed to be base in sight of their beloved, and the beloved before their lovers, willingly rush into danger for the relief of one another." The band was reportedly organized by the Theban commander Gorgidas in 378 BC. Male couples were originally dispersed throughout the ranks of the army. It was later decided to create a separate squad. The squad played a crucial role in the Battle of Leuctra. It was completely destroyed by Philip II of Macedon in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC.
Themistocles

**Themistocles** (?524 BC-?460 BC) was an Ancient Greek Athenian politician and general. He fought against the Persians at the Battle of Marathon as a young man. He later persuaded Athens to build a navy which he commanded in the engagement against the Persians at the Battle of Salamis in 480 BC.

After the war he became unpopular and had to leave. He went to work for the Persian Empire.
Greek shield

The _Greek shield_ of Ancient Greece was called a **hoplon** or **aspis**. It was from this word that **hoplite** (a Greek soldier) is derived.

A hoplon was a deeply-dished shield made of wood. Some shields had a thin sheet of bronze on the outer face. This was placed just around the rim. In some periods, the shield was decorated. At other times, it remained undecorated. These large shields were designed for a mass of hoplites to push forward into the opposing army, and it was their most essential equipment. The shield was carried in the left hand. It was used by Spartans as a weapon of attack.

Probably the most famous decoration is the Spartan. This was a capital lambda (Λ). From the late 5th century BC onward, Athenian hoplites usually used the Little Owl (Athena's sacred bird). The shields of Theban hoplites were sometimes decorated with a sphinx, or the club of Herakles.
Breadfruit

The **breadfruit** tree is an evergreen tree in the mulberry family. It produces fruit called breadfruit.

Originally, the tree grew in Southeast Asia. It has now been cultivated and is grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Central and South America and the Caribbean.

The tree can reach a height of up to .  The fruits contain a lot of starch, much like potatoes; they are ground to make flour, which can then be used for baking.

## History

Ancestors of the Polynesians found the trees growing in the northwest New Guinea area around 3,500 years ago. They gave up the rice cultivation they had brought with them from Taiwan, and raised breadfruit instead.

They took the trees with them wherever they went in the Pacific. The exceptions were Easter Island and New Zealand: both places were too cold to grow the trees. Meanwhile, ancient eastern Indonesians spread the plant west and north through insular and coastal Southeast Asia.

In the past, the breadfruit tree was also widely planted in other tropical regions.

### The Mutiny on the _Bounty_

The Mutiny on the _Bounty_ was caused by breadfruit trees. In 1787, William Bligh was ordered to chop down a number of breadfruit trees in Tahiti and to ship them to the Caribbean. There they would serve as a cheap food for the slaves working on plantations. The main plantations at the time grew sugarcane.

This was the first attempt a government made to grow an economically important plant in a place that it is not native to. The attempt failed, because the seamen did not understand why the drinking water supply was used to water the plants; they threw the plants overboard.

Bligh was able to ship the trees in a second voyage. Arriving in the Caribbean, he faced a different problem: The slaves there did not accept breadfruit as a replacement for cereals.

Bligh won the Royal Society medal for his efforts, even though the introduction was not entirely successful. Although most slaves refused to eat the new food, breadfruit was accepted into the cuisine of Puerto Rico.
Robert de Cotte

**Robert de Cotte** (1656 – 15 July 1735) was a French architect-administrator. He introduced the Rococo style. He was a pupil of Jules Hardouin-Mansart. He later became his teacher's brother-in-law and his collaborator. De Cotte married Hardouin-Mansart's sister. After Hardouin-Mansart's death, de Cotte completed his unfinished projects. These included the royal chapel at Versailles and the Grand Trianon.
Paolo Veronese

**Paolo Veronese** (1528 – 19 April 1588) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance. He was a Venetian. He is remembered for paintings such as _The Wedding at Cana_ and _The Feast in the House of Levi_. He became known as "Veronese" from his birthplace in Verona. His best works are elaborate narratives. These are executed in a dramatic and colorful Mannerist style. They are full of majestic architectural settings and pageantry. His large paintings of biblical feasts are especially notable.

## Related pages

- Hercules Room
- List of Italian painters

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Paolo Veronese
- **image**: Paolo Veronese, avtoportret.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Self portrait
- **birth date**: 1528
- **birth place**: Verona
- **death place**: Venice
- **nationality**: Italy, Italian
- **field**: Painting
- **movement**: Renaissance
- **works**: _Wedding at Cana_
_Feast in the House of Levi_
Hill Top

**Hill Top** is a 17th-century Lakeland farm once in the possession of children's author Beatrix Potter. She bought the farm house as a retreat from London in 1896 at a time when she was making a significant amount of money from her stories. She used the farm as a place to develop her stories. Many of these stories (such as _Jemima Puddleduck_ and _Tom Kitten_) were set on the farm. Farm furniture, the ponds, and other elements were used as props in her books.

Potter married William Heelis when she was 47. She moved across the road to Castle Cottage. She kept Hill Top though to house her collections of china, the "Two Bad Mice" doll house furniture, and other things. She continued to use the house as a retreat. She willed the houses and a large acreage to the National Trust in 1944. Hill Top is located near Sawrey in Cumbria. It is between Esthwaite Water and Windermere, 2 miles south-east of Hawkshead.

## References

- Robin Fedden and Rosemary Joekes. 1973. _The National Trust Guide to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland_. Norton. 3rd edition. pages 138-139.
The Yew Tree Ball

**The Yew Tree Ball** () was a masked ball. It was held in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles on the night of 25-26 February 1745. Fifteen thousand people waited in the Hercules Room for the ball to begin. King Louis XV and several of his gentlemen courtiers attended dressed as topiary yew trees. The ball is notorious for being the venue in which the king made contact with Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson. He had first seen her while hunting at Senart. On 14 September 1745, Poisson was officially presented to the Court as the Marquise de Pompadour. She was the king’s official mistress until her death in 1764.
Flávia Alessandra

**Flávia Alessandra Martins da Costa** (born June 7, 1974 in Arraial do Cabo) is a Brazilian actress.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Flávia Alessandra
- **birth name**: Flávia Alessandra Martins da Costa
- **image**: Flavia_Alessandra.jpg
- **alt**: 200px
- **birth place**: Arraial do Cabo, Brazil
- **occupation**: Actress
Fernanda Montenegro

**Arlette Pinheiro Esteves Torres** (born October 16, 1929) is a Brazilian actress. She is best known for her leading role in _Central Station_, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She is the first Brazilian to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress, as well as the first actress nominated for an Academy Award for a performance in a Portuguese language movie. Her daughter, Fernanda Torres was also nominated in 2025.

Fernanda Montenegro was born as Arlette Pinheiro Esteves da Silva in Rio de Janeiro. She was the daughter of Vitório Esteves da Silva, a mechanic of Portuguese origin, and Carmen Nieddu Pinheiro Esteves da Silva, a housewife. Her family is from the Italian island of Sardinia.

In 2013, she was voted the 15th most influential celebrity in Brazil by _Forbes_ magazine. During the Opening Ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics, Fernanda read the poem "A Flor e a Náusea" by Carlos Drummond de Andrade, dubbed in English by Judi Dench.

On 4 November 2021, she was elected to occupy the Chair number 17 at the Brazilian Academy of Letters.

In November 2024, she was recognised by Guinness World Records for achieving the biggest audience in a Philosophy lecture, with over 15,000 people attending an event on 18 August 2024 at the Ibirapuera Park, where Montenegro read _La Cérémonie des Adieux_ by Simone de Beauvoir.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Fernanda Montenegro2019.jpg
- **honorific suffix**: National Order of Merit (Brazil), ONM
- **caption**: Montenegro in 2019
- **birthname**: Arlette Pinheiro Esteves da Silva
- **birth place**: Campinho, Rio de Janeiro, Campinho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1950–present
- **children**: :pt:Cláudio Torres (cineasta), Cláudio Torres
Fernanda Torres
- **education**: Colégio Pedro II, Pedro II School
- **alma mater**: Berlitz Corporation
Clock Cabinet

The **Clock Cabinet** is a room at Versailles. It is one of the rooms in the king's private cabinets. An astronomical clock stands in the room. Louis XV took great interest in astronomy.  The clock shows the time, the day of the week, the month, the year and the moon's quarter. In the crystal globe at the top, the planets can be seen moving around the sun according to Copernicus.

The clock was designed by Claude-Siméon Passemant, the King's engineer. It was made by the clock-maker Louis Dauthiau. The bronze casing was made by Jacques and Philippe II Caffiéri. The clock was used to determine the first official time system throughout the kingdom. The entire fixture measures over two meters tall.

The Academy of Science examined and approved the clock in August 1749. The Duc de Chaulnes presented it to Louis XV on 7 September 1750. It was put in the clock cabinet in 1754. The room actually got its name because of the large astronomical clock dials in the wainscoting. These clocks displayed the sunrises and moonrises every day. The king's scientific interests led him to upgrade that daily experience by having the Passemant clock installed in the room.

In 1692, the room was an Antechamber and part of Louis XIV's Art Cabinet. In 1738, it was remodeled into an oval-shaped drawing room. In 1760, it found its present form. The paneling is by Verberckt and Rousseau.  The overdoors are copies of the Diana story originally painted by Boucher. The furniture in the room includes hunting tables ordered by Louis XV from Slodtz, Foliot, and Roumier. A Sèvres bisque equestrian statue depicting Frederic II stands in the room. Another equestrian statue in the room depicts Louis XV. It is a small copy by Vassé after Bouchardon's statue that stands in the Place de la Concorde.
Victoria (name)

**Victoria** [ vik-**tawr**-ee-_uh_ ] is a female given name. It is Latin for _victory_ and feminine for male name _Victor_. Victoria is a name that has enjoyed widespread popularity for hundreds of years, and it has a fascinating background and significance. The name Victoria comes from the Latin term "victoria," which translates to "winning or triumph." This name has always been linked to attributes such as fortitude, might, and accomplishment in various eras. The name Victoria has a lot of variants, such as the short form _Vicky_. This name was ranked #43 on the US Popular Names in 2021. There are several Queens, several Princesses and many other famous people under this female name. As _Vicky_, the name is being used for Atlantic Basin tropical cyclones.

## People

- Victoria Beckham, English businesswoman, fashion designer and singer
- Victoria Wood, British comedian
- Victoria Justice, American actress and singer
Reims – Prunay Aerodrome

**Reims – Prunay Aerodrome** ()  is an airfield serving the city of Reims. It is  east-southeast of Reims, near Prunay, both communes in the Marne department in the Grand Est region in northeastern France.

It is a class D aerodrome open to general aviation traffic with no commercial airline service scheduled. Also, it hosts the factory of Reims Aviation.

## Facilities

The airport is  above mean sea level. It has one paved runway which is  long. It also has a parallel unpaved runway measuring .

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Reims – Prunay Aerodrome
- **icao**: LFQA
<small>Location of airport in France</small>
- **type**: Public
- **operator**: Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie, CCI Reims
- **city-served**: Reims
- **location**: Prunay, France
- **elevation-f**: 313
- **elevation-m**: 95
- **website**: http://reims.aeroport.fr
- **metric-rwy**: y
- **r1-number**: 07/25
- **r1-length-m**: 1,150
- **r1-length-f**: 3,773
- **r1-surface**: Asphalt
- **r2-number**: 07R/25L
- **r2-length-m**: 1,170
- **r2-length-f**: 3,786
- **r2-surface**: Grass
- **footnotes**: Sources: French Aeronautical Information Publication, AIP, Union des Aéroports Français, UAF, DAFIF
Tetuin

**Tetuin** is a flavone. It is a type of flavonoid. It is the 6-O-glucoside of baicalein. It can be isolated from the seeds of _Oroxylum indicum_, the Indian trumpetflower, known as टेटु _tetu_ in Marathi.
Bulbophyllum evasum

***Bulbophyllum evasum*** is a species of orchid in the genus _Bulbophyllum_.

## References

- The Bulbophyllum-Checklist
- The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia
Wholesale

**Wholesale** is the sale of large numbers of goods to retailers. The retailer then sells small amounts of the goods to individual users or consumers. A wholesaler often buys goods direct from the factory or the farm. The wholesaler can put together, sort or grade the products. The wholesaler will repack and redistribute the goods in smaller lots. Wholesalers usually have large individual warehouses to do this work. Food wholesalers often are located together at large markets.

Wholesalers used to be closer to where the retail goods were sold than they were to the factories or farms. Since internet sales have increased there are a number of wholesalers setting up near factories in China and Taiwan.

In banking, wholesale banking means services provided to large companies. Retail banking is services provided to small businesses or individuals.

Some examples of wholesale retailers include Costco, Sam's Club, and BJ's Wholesale Club
Network News Transfer Protocol

The **Network News Transfer Protocol** is a computer protocol that was used to create groups that could exchange news articles between people. It is not in very common usage now, but was commonly used in the late 1980s and 1990s. Many internet service providers still provide a NNTP server for their customers, and commercial Usenet services exist.
Workhouse

The **workhouse** was a place which offered housing and work to people who did not have any. They began in England and Wales during the 17th century. The first use of the word _workhouse_ was in a report by the mayor of Abingdon in 1631 on the building of a workhouse in the town.

The beginnings of the workhouse go back to the Poor Law Act of 1388. This was designed to help solve a shortage of workers after the Black Death. It made it difficult for them to move about the country, and stopped them from looking for higher paid work somewhere else. This led to the state being responsible for the welfare of the poor. After the Napoleonic Wars there was a lot of unemployment. There was also unemployment caused by machines taking over work from farm workers. In the 1830s' there was also a series of bad harvests. These things put too much pressure on the existing ways of looking after poor people.

New laws were passed, the New Poor Law of 1834, to try to deal with the problem. People would only be given help if they went into the workhouse to live. Some places hoped to make a profit from the workhouse by using the free labor of the people. Most did not have skills to get normal jobs, so workhouse jobs included breaking rocks into small stones, breaking bones to make fertilizer, or pulling apart old rope to reuse the fibre. This old rope, known as oakum, was used to pack joints in ship building to keep them watertight. A metal spike was used to unpick the rope,, and the nickname for the workhouse was **the spike**.

Life in a workhouse was not meant to be easy. It was made hard so only the very poor with no hope of finding work would go there for help. Workhouse inmates had no rights in the workhouse and were subjected to strict rules and harsh punishments. However the workhouse did provide free medical care and education for the children. This sort of help was not available to poor people outside the workhouse system.  **Charles Dickens**  book Oliver Twist famously includes a chapter set in a workhouse. The reform increased non-violent property crimes, mostly poaching, by 17% This was worst when there was no work in farming.

Towards the end of the 1800s, the workhouses became filled with the old and sick, rather than unemployed poor people. In 1929 the laws were changed and the workhouses became hospitals. Some workhouses were renamed Public Assistance Institutions. These finally disappeared when the National Assistance act of 1948 was passed.
Ingrid

**Ingrid** [ **ing**-grid ] is a name for girls or women. The name comes from _Ingfriar_ in Old Norse. _Ing_ means Norse deity. _Friar_ means beautiful.

Ingrid is a lovely and distinctive moniker that has enjoyed widespread popularity in Scandinavian nations for many centuries. The appellation Ingrid originates from the Old Norse name Ingríðr, which translates to "charming goddess" or "elegant lady". It is a name that radiates power, loveliness, and elegance, rendering it an ideal selection for any infant girl. This is a unique name (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

Many famous people have been named Ingrid. One of them being Ingrid Bergman. Others include Ingrid Cruz and Ingrid Michaelson. A hurricane with the name hit eastern Mexico in September 2013. The storm killed 32 and caused $1.5 billion in damage. The name _Ingrid_ was then retired.

## People

- Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (1915–1982)
- Ingrid Cruz,actress from Chile
- Ingrid Espelid Hovig, Norwegian chef
Facelift (album)

***Facelift*** is the debut studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. _Facelift_ was released on August 21, 1990. The album featured the singles "We Die Young", "Man in the Box", "Bleed the Freak" and "Sea of Sorrow".

Facelift became the first grunge album to be certified platinum. It has also gone on to been certified double-platinum by the RIAA for shipments of two million copies in the United States.

## Other websites

- Facelift at Allmusic

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Facelift
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Alice in Chains
- **released**: August 21, 1990
- **recorded**: December 1989 – April 1990
- **studio**: , Seattle, Washington, Seattle , Hollywood, California, Hollywood
- **length**: 54:02
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **producer**: Dave Jerden
- **prev title**: We Die Young
- **prev year**: 1990
- **next title**: Sap (EP), Sap
- **next year**: 1992
Dirt (album)

***Dirt*** is the second studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. _Dirt_ was released on September 29, 1992. The album featured the singles "Would?", "Them Bones", "Angry Chair", "Rooster", and "Down in a Hole".

Dirt is currently the band's highest selling album to date and has gone on to sell 5 million copies worldwide. The album was certified four-times platinum by the RIAA.

Dirt was the final album to feature Mike Starr on bass before he was kicked out of the band and replaced by former Ozzy Osbourne bassist Mike Inez.

The album was also included in the 2005 book _1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die_ and was ranked #1 on Guitar World magazine's top ten list of guitar albums of 1992

## Other websites

- Dirt at Allmusic

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Dirt
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Alice in Chains
- **released**: September 29, 1992
- **recorded**: March–May 1992
- **genre**: Grunge, heavy metal music, heavy metal, alternative metal
- **length**: 57:35
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **producer**: Dave Jerden, Alice in Chains
- **prev title**: Sap (album), SAP
- **prev year**: 1992
- **next title**: Jar of Flies
- **next year**: 1994
Alice in Chains (album)

***Alice in Chains*** is the self-titled third studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. _Alice in Chains_ was released on November 7, 1995. The album featured the singles "Grind", "Heaven Beside You", "Over Now" and "Again".

The album was certified two-times platinum by the RIAA.

_Alice in Chains_ was the last album to feature lead singer Layne Staley. He was later found dead of a heroin overdose on April 5, 2002. The next album, _Black Gives Way to Blue_ was released in 2009, with new vocalist William DuVall.

The album is sometimes referred to as _Tripod_ because of Jerry Cantrell's three-legged dog on the front cover and Frank Lentini on the back cover.

## Other websites

- Alice in Chains at Allmusic

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Alice in Chains
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Alice in Chains
- **recorded**: April–August 1995
- **studio**: Bad Animals Studio in Seattle, Washington (state), Washington
- **length**: 64:48
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **prev title**: Jar of Flies
- **prev year**: 1994
- **next title**: Unplugged (Alice in Chains album), Unplugged
- **next year**: 1996
Florence (given name)

**Florence** [ **flawr**-_uh_ns, **flor**- ] is a French or English female given name. It is from the Latin word _floreo_, which means "flower". The name also comes from the city of Florence in Italy. It was most popular in the U.S. between 1900 and 1940. It is still popular in Canada and England. The name was used for many tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Basin until 2018. This name was ranked #713 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

In 2018 Hurricane Florence struck North and South Carolina. It killed over 50 people. It caused around $18 billion in damage.

## People

- Florence Nightingale, English social reformer, statistician, and founder of modern nursing
- Florence Henderson, American actress and singer
- Florence Harding, First Lady of the United States from 1921 to 1923
- Florence Pugh, British actress
- Florence Bjelke-Petersen, Australian politician
- Florence Ballard, American singer, member of The Supremes
- Florence Griffith Joyner, American track and field athlete
- Florence Welch, English singer-songwriter, lead singer of Florence and the Machine
Beauty contest

A **beauty contest** or **beauty pageant**, is a public contest to decide which person is the most beautiful. Usually, the entrants are young females, but there are some contests for men. Each contests has its own rules as to who may enter, and what the prizes are. A person who enters a beauty contest or pageant is called a **contestant**.

The usual reason for holding such contests is to create publicity for the organisation which runs the contest. The contests are often shown on television and reported (with photographs) in newspapers. The first local event was probably in the United States in the late 19th century. 1880 in Rehoboth Beach, Delaware has been claimed.

With most contests the criteria for judging is physical appearance, plus some judgement of personality. "Beauty Queen" is a term often used to describe the winners. Usually the winner acts as a publicity representative for the year following the contest. Examples are:

- Miss America
- Miss World
- Miss Universe
- Miss Earth
- Miss Grand International

There are many local events round the world.
Steve Braun

**Steve Braun** (born August 14, 1976) is a Canadian television and movie actor from Winnipeg, Manitoba. Braun's credits include _The Immortal_, a TV series in which he and co-star Lorenzo Lamas hunted demons; _The Trip_, an independent movie about coming of age in the HIV age; and _Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle_ (2004), a major motion picture in which he plays the lead villain. In addition, he starred as Brian Kelly in the 2004 thriller _The Skulls III_. He also played the role of "Jonsey" in the 2007 thriller movie _Wrong Turn 2: Dead End_.  He also co-starred in the 2005 horror movie "Pterodactyl" as Willis Bradbury.

Braun was cast in a recurring guest role in The WB series _Twins_, as Jordan, the love interest of Mitchee Arnold, played by Sara Gilbert. The series was broadcast from September 16, 2005 until May, 2006.

Braun was also in the movie _The Skulls III_ as Brian.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Steve Braun
- **birth place**: Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- **nationality**: Canadian
- **occupation**: Actor
Jacques Gabriel

**Jacques Gabriel** (1667–1767) was a French architect. He designed a lot of buildings in Paris.

Michelle Jacques Gabriel, is a designer, painter, architect and architect of the 17th and 18th centuries. He was one of the most prominent designers of the Versailless Palace in his lifetime. For his unique creativity and selflessness, he has always been attended by Louis XIV And eventually he became a trusted advisor to the king. He made important contributions to the king during his years of service, which is one of the most important works in the construction of the Versailles palace, which once served as the lobby of the fourteenth.

Michel had a mission to build the Versailles Palace throughout his life, he was also the first designer of the city's bridges in Paris. Interestingly, Gabriel's son (Ange Jacob Gabriel) continued his father's journey, and in this regard, like his father, completing the Versailles palace at the time of Louis 14 It has 15 significant roles. The Gabriel family is also home to the Cathedral of La Rochelle, the Royal Opera Royal Opera House and the Petit Trianon Palace, built on the palace of Versailles.
Isabel

**Isabel** (or **Isabelle**) [ **iz**-_uh_-bel ] is a female given name. It comes from the Hebrew name _Elisheva_. _Elisheva_ is often translated to _Elizabeth_, of which Isabel is a division. There are many royal figures or queens with the name or its variants. Isabel is a name of great beauty that has enjoyed popularity for centuries. It has been embraced by diverse cultures, each giving it their own unique interpretation. The name Isabel originates from the Hebrew name Elisheba, which translates to "God is my oath." Over time, this name has been adopted by numerous cultures, such as the Spanish, Portuguese, and English. There are also many other famous people by Isabel and its related names. As _Isabel_, this name was used on two Atlantic tropical cyclones. The 2003 storm was so damaging that the name was later retired.

## People

- Isabella Acres, American actress
- Isabella Casillas Guzman, American government administrator and business advocate
- Isabel Sarli, Argentine actress (1929-2019)
François Lemoyne

**François Lemoyne** or **François Le Moine** (1688 – 4 June 1737) was a French rococo painter. He became First Painter to the King and worked with other artists of the era. However, the excess of work, court intrigues at Versailles, and the death of his wife drove him to madness. He committed suicide in Paris in 1737 by stabbing himself seven times, six months after finishing the ceiling painting "The Apotheosis of Hercules" in the Hercules Room in the Great Apartment of the King. With his death, the fashion of large allegorical ceilings disappeared.

## Works

- _Louis XV donnant la Paix à l'Europe_, Salon de la Paix in Versailles (1727)
- Ceiling of the Salon d'Hercule in Versailles (1736)
- Arch of the Church of Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin in Paris
- _Diane chasseresse_ (_Diana as a huntress_)
- _Les Nymphes_
- _Narcisse_
- He also worked at Saint-Sulpice and at the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés

## References

- Cours sur la peinture du XVIII<sup>e</sup>, 2006, Université Nancy 2
- Xavier Salmon : _François Lemoyne à Versailles_, Gourcuff, Paris 2001,

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Francois Lemoyne
- **image**: FrancoisLemoyne.jpg
- **caption**: circa 1730
- **birth date**: 1688
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **nationality**: French
- **field**: Painting
- **training**: Académie de peinture et de sculpture
- **movement**: rococo
Michael Winner

**Michael Robert Winner** (30 October 1935 – 21 January 2013) was an English movie director, producer, writer, editor, actor and restaurant critic. He was known for his work on the _Death Wish movie series_.

Winner was born on 30 October 1935 in Hampstead, London, England. His parents were Jewish immigrants: his mother was Polish and his father was of Russian descent. He studied at St Christopher School, Letchworth, and Downing College, Cambridge. He was married to Geraldine Lynton-Edwards from 2011 until his death in 2013. Winner retired in December 2012 and died on 21 January 2013 in Kensington, London, England from a liver illness, aged 77.

## Other websites

- Profile at BFI's Screenonline
- Profile at Turner Classic Movies
The George Inn

**The George Inn** is a public house in Southwark, London. It is on the east side of Borough High Street, close to London Bridge. It is the last galleried inn in London. It stands on a site where Shakespeare was said to have once acted in a similar galleried inn. The present inn was built in 1677. It was an important coaching post in the past. Charles Dickens speaks of the inn in _Little Dorrit_.

The inn's long wooden exterior galleries are the only means of moving from one room to another on the first and second floors. A Victorian coffee room is downstairs. Upstairs, there is a large paneled dining room. The George Inn is owned by the National Trust.

## References

- Fedden, Robin and Rosemary Joekes. 1973. _The National Trust Guide to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland_. 3rd edition. Norton. pgs. 339-340. .

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: The George Inn
- **alternate names**: The George
- **image**: The George Inn 1.jpg
- **building type**: Public house
- **structural system**: partly timber framed
- **owner**: National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty, National Trust
- **current tenants**: Tenanted by brewery
- **address**: Borough High Street
London,
United Kingdom
The King's Head

**The King's Head** is a National Trust property in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England. The King's Head is a typical coaching inn. It has a large stable yard and an arched entrance high and wide enough to admit coaches. A window in the bar contains 15th century glass depicting angels bearing the arms of Henry VI and his queen, Margaret of Anjou. This glass and some parts of the building date to 1450. An exposed section of wattle-and-daub may be viewed. The King's Head is reached through a narrow passageway at the Aylesbury market square.

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: The King's Head
- **image**: The King's Head, Aylesbury, UK.jpg
- **image caption**: A narrow passageway leads to the inn
- **building type**: Public house
Inn
- **location city**: Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England
- **location country**: United Kingdom
- **owner**: National Trust
- **material**: Wood
Suzuki Baleno

The **Suzuki Baleno** is a car produced by Suzuki. It was first introduced in 1995, and replaced by the Suzuki Liana in 2001. Suzuki again started making Suzuki Baleno in 2015 and introduced at Frankfurt Motor Show.

## Markets

Suzuki Baleno was first sold in India starting from 24 October 2015 and then sold in Japan starting from 9 March 2016. It became availble in Europe from April 2016 and in United Kingdom from June 2016.

## Engine

It comes with a 3 cylinder 1000cc Petrol engine and has 6 speed automatic transmission. Fuel tank can hold 37 Litres of petrol at a time.

## Performance

Suzuki Baleno has a top speed of 170 kmph and can accelerate from 0 - 100 kmph in 11.4 seconds. It has an average fuel consumption of 14 - 18 kilometres per Litre of petrol.

## Safety

Euro NCAP gave 4 out of 5 stars for the safety of Suzuki Baleno in 2016. It has front and side airbags to cover the head and chest of driver and front passenger. In addition it has automatic braking system to avoid collisions.
The Fifer

***The Fifer*** or ***Young Flautist*** (1866) is an oil painting by French painter Édouard Manet. It hangs in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France.

## History

Manet painted _The Fifer_ after a trip to Spain he made in 1865. There he discovered the work of Diego Velázquez. Manet reflected the influence of Spanish painting in _The Fifer_. The painting was rejected by the jury of the Paris Salon in 1866. The painting was exhibited in 1867. Manet died in 1883. In 1884, _The Fifer_ was seen at the major retrospective exhibition of Manet's work organized as a tribute.

The rejection by the Salon jury caused the writer Émile Zola to publish a series of articles in defense of Manet in the newspaper _L'Événement_.

Between 1873 and 1893, the painting was held by Jean-Baptiste Faure, a French composer and baritone, friend of Manet. In 1893, it was returned to the collection of art dealer Durand-Ruel. The painting was acquired in 1894 by Count Isaac de Camondo. It remained in his collection until 1911. That year it was donated to the French state. The painting was intended for the Musée du Louvre. It was not exhibited to the general public until 1914.

In 1947, the painting was moved to the Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume. This museum is a showroom located in the Jardin des Tuileries and belonging to the Louvre. It remained there until 1986. It then was brought to the Musée d'Orsay with the rest of the Impressionist paintings in the Louvre. It can currently be seen in the Musée d'Orsay.

## Analysis

Manet portrayed an anonymous character: a teenage musician of the band of the Imperial Guard. The lad was sent to Manet by commander Lejosne. He was "treated like a grandee of Spain." Additional models may have also posed for the figure. The likenesses of both Léon Leenhoff (Manet's stepson) and Victorine Meurent (Manet's preferred model) have been seen in the boy's face and figure.

Sandra Orienti declares, "_The Fifer_ is one of Manet's  most famous paintings, and it is also one of his most daring works: here ... can be found a synthesis of all that is most complex in his vocabulary." She points out that the band boy's uniform is painted in red, black, and white with decorations in dull gold. The figure and its dress contrasts with the vague, undefined background. The lad has no support for himself except himself. "[h]is form ... seems to create a double dimension, the first being the small figure of the boy, the second his eyes and the spectator's eyes meeting between the rather crudely painted eyelids."

## Infobox (artwork)

- **image file**: Manet, Edouard - Young Flautist, or The Fifer, 1866 (2).jpg
- **title**: The Fifer
- **artist**: Édouard Manet
- **year**: 1866 in art, 1866
- **type**: oil painting
- **height metric**: 160
- **width metric**: 97
- **metric unit**: cm
- **imperial unit**: in
- **museum**: Musée d'Orsay
- **city**: Paris
Puerto Varas

**Puerto Varas** is a city and commune of Chile with 32.912 inhabitants according with the INE census of 2002.

## Other websites

- Puerto Varas municipality

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Puerto Varas
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Chile, City and Communes of Chile, Commune
- **image skyline**: Puerto Varas, Chile (10986508514).jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: View of Puerto Varas with Osorno (volcano), Osorno Volcano and Llanquihue Lake in the background.
- **flag alt**: Flag
- **image flag**: Bandera Puerto Varas.svg
- **image shield**: Escudo de Puerto Varas.svg
- **shield alt**: Coat of arms
- **image map**: Comuna de Puerto Varas.svg
- **mapsize**: 175px
- **map caption**: Location of Puerto Varas commune in Los Lagos Region
- **map alt**: Location of Puerto Varas commune in Los Lagos Region
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Chile
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Chile
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Chile, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Los Lagos Region, Los Lagos
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Chile, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Llanquihue Province, Llanquihue
- **government type**: Municipality
- **leader party**: PARTIDO SOCIALISTA DE CHILE, PS
- **leader title**: Alcalde
- **leader name**: ALVARO BERGER SCHMIDT
- **established title**: Founded as
- **established date**: Puerto Varas
- **established title2**: Founded
- **established date2**: 12 February 1854
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 4064.9
- **population total**: 32912
- **population as of**: 2002 Census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population demonym**: Puertovarino
- **population blank1 title**: Urban area, Urban
- **population blank1**: 24309
- **population blank2 title**: Rural area, Rural
- **population blank2**: 8603
- **demographics type1**: Sex
- **demographics1 title1**: Men
- **demographics1 info1**: 16,645
- **demographics1 title2**: Women
- **demographics1 info2**: 16,267
- **timezone**: Time in Chile, CLT
- **utc offset**: −4
- **timezone dst**: Time in Chile, CLST
- **utc offset dst**: −3
- **elevation m**: 5
- **area code**: 56 + 65
- **website**: [http://www.ptovaras.cl Official website]
Julie

The name **Julie** is a French female given name. The pronunciation of the name is [ **joo**-lee ]. It comes from the Latin name _Julia_. _Julia_ means "youthful" or "soft haired" in Latin. The name Julie and its variants are feminine for the masculine name _Julius_. Julie is very popular in the United States. The name was particularly popular between 1951 and 1991. Its variant, _Julia_, has been in the top 100 female names dating back to 1980. Julie and its related names are being used by many famous people. They include Julie Andrews and Julie Benz. As _Julia_ the name is currently being used for Atlantic Basin tropical cyclones. This name was ranked #658 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

## People

- Julie Brown , American actress, comedienne, screenwriter, singer-songwriter and television director
- Julie Christie , British actress and activist
- Julie Andrews, British actress, singer and author (born 1935)
- Julie Walters, English actress
- Julie Kavner, American actress
The Balcony

***The Balcony*** is an 1868 oil painting by the French painter Édouard Manet. It was exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1869. The painting depicts four figures. On the left is Berthe Morisot, who became in 1874 the wife of Manet's brother, Eugène. In the centre is the painter Jean Baptiste Antoine Guillemet. On the right is Fanny Claus, a violist. The fourth figure in the background is possibly Leon Leenhoff, Manet's stepson.  It was sold by Gustave Caillebotte in 1884. It hangs at this time in Paris at the Musée d'Orsay.

## Inspiration and description

The painting was inspired by _The Majas at the Balcony_ by Francisco Goya. It was created at the same time and with the same purpose as _Luncheon in the studio_. The three characters were all friends of Manet. They seem to be disconnected from each other. Berthe Morisot, on the left, looks like a romantic and inaccessible heroine, the young violinist Fanny Claus and the painter Antoine Guillemet seem to display indifference. The boy in the background is Manet's stepson, Léon. Just behind the railings, there are a hydrangea and a dog with a ball.

A study for _The Balcony_, _The Portrait of Mademoiselle Claus_, is in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford.  The portrait’s subject is Fanny Claus, the closest friend of Manet’s wife Suzanne Leenhoff.  This unfinished portrait was painted as a study for the finished picture.

## Provenance

Following Manet’s premature death in 1883, the portrait was bought in a studio sale by the artist John Singer Sargent. The portrait had only been seen once in public since it was first painted in 1868. In 2012 the Ashmolean Museum succeeded in raising the funds to acquire it and keep it permanently in a public collection in the United Kingdom.

## Reception

This was the first time Berthe Morisot posed for Manet. Manet's _Luncheon in the studio_ was the work of an innovator but _The Balcony_ was not. Unlike Morisot, the three other figures are pale and undistinguished. Orienti writes, "Guillemet looks pompous and stupid, Jenny Clauss a stereotype, and the painting as a whole seems to suffer from the uneven distribution of the figures." The press considered the painting "discordant". The contrast of colors (the background completely black, the white faces and clothes, the blue tie of the man, and the green railings) contributes to create an atmosphere of "mystery".

## Infobox (artwork)

- **image file**: Edouard Manet - The Balcony - Google Art Project.jpg
- **title**: The Balcony
- **artist**: Édouard Manet
- **year**: 1868 in art, 1868
- **medium**: Oil on canvas
- **height metric**: 170
- **width metric**: 124
- **metric unit**: cm
- **imperial unit**: in
- **museum**: Musée d'Orsay
- **city**: Paris
Lord's Resistance Army

The **Lord's Resistance Army** is a paramilitary group, and a new religious movement. Joseph Kony founded it in 1987, in the north of Uganda, to fight against the government, headed by president Yoweri Museveni. The group operates in Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in South Sudan. It wants to establish an independent state which is governed by laws based on the Ten Commandments. There is an insurgency called Lord's Resistance Army insurgency, which was basically caused by the group. Uganda was able to evict the group, but it continues to terrorize the population in the other countries where it is active. In conjunction with the conflict, the group is also said to have committed several grave abuses of human rights.It has been accused of widespread human rights violations, including murder, abduction, mutilation, child-sex slavery and forcing children to participate in hostilities.

The group is led by Joseph Kony, who proclaims himself the spokesman of God and a spirit medium. Since 1987, Kony is believed to have recruited between 60,000 and 100,000 child soldiers and displaced around 2 million people throughout central Africa. The LRA is one of the foreign organizations designated as terrorist by the United States, and its leadership is wanted by the International Criminal Court for war crimes and crimes against humanity.