juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Yohkoh

, is the name of a Japanese artificial satellite which was put into orbit.

The launch was a project of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science of the University of Tokyo.

The satellite was sent into orbit on August 30, 1991.  Its mission was to study the sun.

On September 12, 2005 the spacecraft burned up during reentry.

## Other websites

- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Yohkoh (Solar-A) mission profile
Gardēz

**Gardēz** (, Persian: **گردیز**) is the capital of the Paktiā province of Afghanistan. There are about 70,000 people who live in the Province. Most of the people are Pashtun.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Gardēz
- **native name**: ګردېز
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: gardez_paktya.jpg
- **image caption**: The Bala Hesar fortress in the center of Gardez City
- **pushpin map**: Afghanistan
- **pushpin label position**: above
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Afghanistan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Afghanistan
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Paktia Province
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Afghanistan, District
- **population as of**: 2008
- **population total**: 70,000
- **timezone**: Afghanistan Standard Time
- **utc offset**: +4:30
- **elevation m**: 2294
Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance

**Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance** is a diagnostic method in epidemiology. It was used in the Soviet Japanese campaign in WWII immediately behind the first tanks and mechanized vehicles of advancing Soviet army in case they encounter any  contagious disease. The withdrawing enemy forces had poisoned many wells and water sources.   The Polish contingents serving under the UN  focused their tasks among others on … sanitary-epidemiological reconnaissance …  Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance is a collection and transfer of all data available on sanitary and epidemiological situation of the area of possible action of armed forces. The aim is to clear up the specific disease origin- sources of the infection in extreme situations, including local wars and armed conflicts, the ways of the infection transfer. It should reveal the people suspected to the disease, and lead to their isolation and hospitalization. A group includes: epidemiologist, specialist in infections, bacteriologist- lab assistant), and medical orderly. The group may need a zoologist or parasitologist. After the armed forces have stopped moving the sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance turns into sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of the activity of the armed forces.

In 2010 at The Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons  and Their Destruction in Geneva  the sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance was suggested as means for monitoring of infections and parasitic agents and for practical implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005). The aim was to prevent and minimize the consequences of natural outbreaks of dangerous infectious diseases and  the threat of use of biological weapons. The  reconnaissance will be important in assessing the  situation, organizing and conducting preventive activities, indicating and identifying pathogenic biological agents, suppressing  infectious diseases, and providing advisory and practical assistance to local health authorities.

Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance  should be performed immediately after the receiving of  information about a bio-terrorism attack.
Fortune-telling

**Fortune-telling** is the practice of predicting information about a person's life. It is in principle identical with the practice of divination. The difference is that divination is the term used for predictions considered part of a religious ritual, invoking deities or spirits, while the term fortune-telling implies a less serious or informal setting.

## Other websites

神戸の占い師・占い館 - https://denwauranai-kyokasyo.com/
Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus

"**Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus**" is an editorial published on September 21, 1897 by _New York Sun_ editor Francis Pharcellus Church. His editorial was a response to eight-year-old Virginia O'Hanlon (1889–1971), who wrote the newspaper asking "Is There a Santa Claus?"

Virginia had first asked the question of her father, Dr. Philip O'Hanlon, who suggested she write _The Sun_. He assured her that "If you see it in _The Sun_, it's so."

The editorial is one of the most reprinted editorials in the world.
Dan Rather

**Daniel Irvin Rather, Jr.** (born October 31, 1931 in Wharton, Texas) is an American journalist and reporter. He worked with the CBS network until 2006. Controversy over documents Rather reported on that he claimed indicated President George W. Bush avoided military service during Vietnam caused him to leave _CBS Evening News_ in 2005, his last broadcast on that program was March 9, 2005 and the whole network altogether two years later. He is now reporting for HDNet.

## Awards

He has received many Emmy Awards, several Peabody Awards, and various honorary degrees from universities.

|Award|Year|Program Title|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Peabody|1975|CBS News|
|Peabody|1976|60 Minutes|
|Peabody|1994|CBS Reports: D-Day|
|Peabody|1995|CBS Reports: In the Killing Fields of America|
|Paul White Award Radio Television Digital News Association|1997|Lifetime Achievement|
|Peabody|2000|48 Hours: Heroes Under Fire|
|Peabody|2001|60 Minutes II: Memories of a Massacre|
|Peabody|2004|60 Minutes II: Abuse at Abu Ghraib|
|Emmy Trustees Award|2014|Lifetime Achievement|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dan Rather
- **image**: Dan Rather in July 2011.jpg
- **caption**: Dan Rather at Kabul, Afghanistan, in July 2011
- **birthname**: Daniel Irvin Rather, Jr.
- **birth place**: Wharton, Texas, United States, U.S.
- **education**: Sam Houston State University
- **occupation**: Journalist
News presenter, Anchor
- **years active**: 1950–present
- **children**: Robin (daughter)
Danjack (son)
- **credits**: _CBS Evening News_ anchor
 (1981–2005)
_60 Minutes_ correspondent
 (1968–1981; 1999–2006)
Lycée Edgar-Poe

The **Lycée Edgar-Poe**  is a private secondary school in Paris in the 10th arrondissement. It is named after the American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849).

Its motto is __ ('"The interest for the student develops the student's interest"). Its director is Mrs Evelyne Clinet.

It was created in 1965 under the name _Cours Edgar-Poe_ and has been recognized by the French State the 26th of February 1980.

## Famous alumni

- Olivier Caudron (born in 1955), singer.
- François Ravard (born in 1957), French record and movie producer.

## Infobox (school)

- **name**: Lycée Edgar-Poe
- **established**: 1965
- **type**: Independent School, Independent
- **head name**: Director
- **head**: Evelyne Clinet
- **city**: Paris
- **state**: Île-de-France
- **country**: France
- **campus**: Urban
- **homepage**: [http://www.lycee-edgarpoe.com/ www.lycee-edgarpoe.com]
Bias (textile)

The **bias** of a piece of woven fabric is at 45 degrees to its warp and weft threads.  Every piece of woven fabric has two biases, at right angles to each other. Fabrics which are not woven, such as felt, do not have a bias.

When cut on the bias, woven fabric is more elastic as well as more fluid in movement, compared to the on-grain direction. This helps many types of garment, such as skirts, dresses and neckties.

The "bias-cut" is a technique used by tailors and dress-makers for cutting cloth. The greater stretch in the bias (diagonal) direction of the fabric, helps it accentuate body lines and curves and drape softly. For example, a full-skirted dress cut on the bias will hang more gracefully or a narrow dress will cling to the figure.

Bias-cut garments were prominent in haute couture clothes designed by Madeleine Vionnet in the 1920s. It is still used often in both haute couture and high street clothing. In the Middle Ages, before the development of knitting, hose leggings were cut on the bias in order to make them fit better.
Shōtai

was a  after _Kanpyō_ and before _Engi._  This period started in April 898 and ended in July 901.  During this time, the reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Shōtai_ era

- **7 December, 899** (_Shōtai 2, 1st day of the 11th month_): At winter solstice, all the great officials of the empire presented themselves in the Imperial court.
- **6 February 900** (_Shōtai 3, 3rd day of the 1st month_):  The emperor went to visit his father in the place former-Emperor Uda had chosen to live after abdication.
- **900** (_Shōtai 3, 10th month_): The former-Emperor Uda traveled to   in what is now Wakayama Prefecture.  He visited the temples on the slopes of the mountain.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Shōtai|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||898|899|900|901|
Seve Ballesteros

**Severiano Ballesteros Sota** (9 April 1957 - 7 May 2011) was a Spanish golfer.

Ballesteros won The Open Championship in 1979, 1984 and 1988. He won the Masters Tournament in 1980 and 1983. He was ranked number one golfer in the world for parts of the 1980s.

He was born in Pedrena, Cantabria and died there, of brain cancer.

## Other websites

- Official website
Katsuō-ji

, also known as _Katsuo-dera_, is a Japanese Buddhist temple in Minō, which is in the mountains of northern Osaka Prefecture.

Katsuō-ji is one in a grouping of Buddhist temples which are pilgrimage sites in the Kansai region.

## History

The temple site was first named Miroku-ji in 765.

The name "Katsuō-ji" was given by the Emperor Seiwa.

In 1184, the temple was destroyed by fire, but it was re-built.

## Daruma

Daruma dolls are often returned to the temple and left somewhere on the grounds.

## Other websites

- Katsuō-ji website
Paktika Province

**Paktika** () is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.  It is in the south-east of the country. Most of the people are Pashtun. Its capital is Sharana.

## Districts

|District|Capital|Population|Area|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Barmal||88,028|||
|Dila||50,203|||
|Gayan||42,495|||
|Gomal||64,275|||
|Janikhel||35,251||Created in 2004 within Zarghun Shar District|
|Mata Khan||19,758|||
|Nika||15,103|||
|Omna||25,690|||
|Sar Hawza||36,236|||
|Surobi||48,291|||
|Sharana||54,416|||
|Terwa||15,332||Created in 2004 within Waza Khwa District|
|Urgun||89,718|||
|Waza Khwa||50,818||Sub-divided in 2004|
|Wor Mamay||30,135|||
|Yahyakhel||30,161||Created in 2004 within Zarghun Shar District|
|Yusufkhel||32,648||Created in 2004 within Zarghun Shar District|
|Zarghun Shar|Zarghun Shar|38,024||Sub-divided in 2004|
|Ziruk||43,190|||

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Paktika
- **native name**: پکتیکا
- **native name lang**: ps
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **image skyline**: 110904-A-AR883-007.jpg
- **image caption**: The Flag of Afghanistan, Afghan national flag (2002-2021) overlooks a valley from an observation post at Paktika province in Afghanistan
- **image map**: Paktika in Afghanistan.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Afghanistan with Paktika highlighted
- **coor pinpoint**: Capital
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Afghanistan
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Sharana, Afghanistan, Sharana
- **seat1 type**: Largest city
- **seat1**: Urgun
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Abdullah Mukhtar
- **leader title1**: Deputy Governor
- **leader name1**: Muhibullah Hamas
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 19482
- **population total**: 789079
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Afghanistan, Main languages
- **blank info sec1**: Dari language, Dari
 Pashto language, pashto
- **timezone1**: Afghanistan Time
- **utc offset1**: +4:30
- **iso code**: AF-PKA
Sharana

**Sharana** (), or **Sharan** (), is the capital of Paktika Province, Afghanistan. There are about 2,200 people who live in the town.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Sharana
- **native name**: شرنه
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **pushpin map**: Afghanistan
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Afghanistan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Afghanistan
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Paktika Province
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Afghanistan, District
- **subdivision name2**: Sharana District
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **timezone**: UTC+4:30
Alexander Glazunov

**Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov** (10 August 186521 March 1936) was a Russian composer, music teacher, and conductor. He was the director of the Saint Petersburg Conservatory between 1905 and 1928. He left the Soviet Union in 1928 and did not return. Glazunov successfully reconciled nationalism and cosmopolitanism in Russian music.
Paul Oswald Ahnert

**Paul Oswald Ahnert** (November 22, 1897 - February 27, 1989) was a German astronomer. He worked at the Sonneberg Observatory. He made an annual astronomical calendar called the "Kalender für Sternfreunde", which translates as the calendar for star friends. He included items in space which could easily be seen by amateur astronomers using small telescopes, or even just by eyesight. The calendar was first published in 1948 and was one of the few books from the German Democratic Republic which was highly regarded by people in other countries. After Ahnert's death the calendar continued to be published by astrophysicist Rainer Luthardt. An asteroid, 3181 Ahnert, was named after him.
Jason Dolley

**Jason Scott Dolley** (born July 5, 1991) is an American actor who was in _Hatching Pete_ and _Good Luck Charlie_.
Panjshir Province

**Panjsher** (, meaning "Five Lions", also spelled as **Panjsher**) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It is known for not being taken by the Soviets during their occupation in the 1980s. In the 1990s, the Taliban also was unable to conquer the area. the Americans left Afghanistan on August 31 2021, allowing the Taliban to take over 2/3 of the Panjshir Valley on September 7th.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Panjshir
- **native name lang**: fa
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **image caption**: Clockwise from upper left: the Panjshir valley, the Panjshir River, the tomb of Ahmad Shah Massoud, and a Panjshir wind farm
- **seal alt**: State emblem
- **image map**: Panjshir in Afghanistan.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Afghanistan with Panjshir highlighted
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **established date**: 2004
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Bazarak
- **leader title**: humanity
- **leader name**: humanity
- **leader title1**: Deputy Governor
- **leader name1**: @$!)@!)
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 3771
- **population total**: 172,895
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Afghanistan, Main languages
- **blank info sec1**: Dari
- **timezone1**: Afghanistan Time
- **utc offset1**: +4:30
- **iso code**: AF-PAN
- **blank name sec2**: Control
Bazarak

**Bazarak** () is a town in the Panjshir Valley, in northern Afghanistan. It is the capital of Panjshir Province. It has six villages: Khanez, Jangalak, Malaspa, Parandeh, Rahmankhil. The tomb of Ahmad Shah Massoud, known as the "Lion of Panjshir", is in Bazarak.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bazarak
- **settlement type**: Capital City
- **image skyline**: Officials Visit Bazarak District, Panjshir Province, Afghanistan.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Officials visit Bazarak District in 2011
- **pushpin map**: Afghanistan
- **pushpin label position**: above
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Afghanistan
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Afghanistan
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Panjshir Province, Panjshir
- **subdivision type3**: Districts of Afghanistan, District
- **population as of**: 2015
- **population total**: 24,723
- **population urban**: 24,723
- **timezone**: Afghanistan Standard Time
- **utc offset**: +4:30
- **elevation m**: 1991
- **blank name sec1**: Control
- **blank info sec1**: Afghanistan
Parwan Province

**Parwān** (Dari/Pashto: پروان), also spelled **Parvān**, is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. There are about 560,000 people. The capital is Charikar. The most populous ethnic group in the province are Tajiks followed by Pashtuns and Hazaras.

In 329 BC, Alexander the Great formed the settlement of Parwan. It was conquered by the Arabs in 792.

## Districts

|District|Capital|Population|Area|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Bagram||95,423|||
|Charikar (Capital)||230,613|||
|Ghorband||74,123|||
|Jabal Saraj||80,052||Sub-divided in 2005|
|Kohi Safi||13,627|||
|Salang||33,627|||
|Sayed Khel||63,334||Created in 2005 within Jabul Saraj District|
|Shekh Ali||22,831|||
|Shinwari||39,057|||
|Surkhi Parsa||33,639|||

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Parwan
- **native name lang**: prs
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **image skyline**: Snow covered mountains outside of Salang tunnel in Afghanistan.jpg
- **image caption**: The Salang Pass during winter
- **image map**: Parwan in Afghanistan.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Afghanistan with Parwan highlighted
- **coor pinpoint**: Capital
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Charikar
- **leader title**: List of governors of Parwan, Governor
- **leader name**: Mullah Mohammad Farid Omar
- **leader title1**: Deputy Governor
- **leader name1**: Maulvi Dost Mohammad Haqqani
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 5974
- **population total**: 751040
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Afghanistan, Main languages
- **blank info sec1**: Dari
- **timezone1**: Afghanistan Time
- **utc offset1**: +4:30
- **iso code**: AF-PAR
Charikar

**Charikar** () is a city in northern Afghanistan. It is the capital of Parwan Province. The city is on the road 69 km from Kabul.  Charikar is known for its pottery and high-quality grapes.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Charikar
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Patrolling a Parwan bazaar.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: A street in Charikar
- **pushpin map**: Afghanistan
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Afghanistan
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Afghanistan
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Parwan Province
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Afghanistan, District
- **subdivision name2**: Chaharikar District, Charikar
- **population as of**: 2015
- **population total**: 96,093
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population urban**: 96,039
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **timezone**: UTC+4:30
- **elevation m**: 1600
- **blank name sec1**: Control
- **blank info sec1**: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Treaty of Rawalpindi

The **Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919**, also known as the **Treaty of Rawalpindi**, was a treaty which brought the Third Anglo-Afghan War to an end. It was signed on 8 August 1919 in Rawalpindi by Great Britain and Afghanistan. Britain recognised Afghanistan's independence (as per Article 5 of the treaty), agreed that British India would not extend past the Khyber Pass and stopped British subsidies to Afghanistan. Afghanistan also accepted all previously agreed border arrangements with British India as per Article 5 of the Anglo-Afghan treaty of 1919. Thus, Afghanistan as an independent country agreed to recognise Durand Line as international border between the two countries.

## Related pages

- Durand Line
Demography of Afghanistan

Afghanistan has around 29.8 million people as of the year 2011.  About 2.7 million Afghan refugees are living in Pakistan and Iran.

The country is multi-ethnic and multi-lingual.  Most of Afghanistan's people are of the Iranic peoples. The Pashtun is the largest group followed by Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Aimak, Turkmen, Baloch and others.

Dari (Persian) and Pashto are both the official languages of the country.

Islam is the religion of more than 99% of Afghanistan.

## Related pages

- Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
Samangan Province

**Samangan** () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. About 313,211 people live in the Province, as of 2006. The capital is Samangan.

## Districts

|style="width:125px" align="left"|District|style="width:125px" align="left"|Capital|style="width:100px" align="right"|Population|style="width:100px" align="right"|Area|align="right"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Aybak|Aybak, Samangan|85,427|909.91676|||||||
|Darah Sof Balla|Darah Sof Balla|52,473||Created in 2005 within Darah Sof District||||||
|Darah Sof Payan|Darah Sof Payan|55,858|4539.27567|Created in 2005 within Darah Sof District||||||
|Feroz Nakhchir|Feroz Nakhchir|11,701||Created within Khulmi District and shifted from Balkh Province in 2005||||||
|Hazrati Sultan|Hazrati Sultan|36,690|1223.92574|||||||
|Khuram Wa Sarbagh|Khuram Wa Sarbagh|30,704||||||||
|Ruyi Du Ab|Ruyi|40,358||||||||

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Samangan Province
- **native name**: سمنگان
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **image skyline**: Samangan Province.jpg
- **image caption**: Samangan Province
- **image map**: Samangan in Afghanistan.svg
- **map alt**: Map of Afghanistan with Samangan highlighted
- **map caption**: Location of Samangan within Afghanistan
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Afghanistan
- **parts type**: Counties of Iran, Counties
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Samangan
- **area total km2**: 11262
- **population total**: 350400
- **population as of**: 2009
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Afghanistan, Main language(s)
- **blank info sec1**: Dari Persian, Uzbek language, Uzbek
- **timezone1**: Afghanistan Standard Time, AST
- **utc offset1**: +04:30
Samangan

**Samangan** (previous: **Eukratidia**; then **Aybak** or **Aibak**) is the capital of Samangan Province in the northern part of Afghanistan. It was a major Buddhist centre during the 4th and 5th centuries.

The town is on the banks of the Khulm River valley below the Hindu Kush Mountains.

Many Uzbek people live in the town.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Samangan
- **image map**: Samangan Province relief.png
- **map caption**: Location of Samangan. Click to see.
- **pushpin map**: Afghanistan
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Afghanistan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Afghanistan
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Samangan Province
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **subdivision name2**: Aybak District
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2006 (est.)
- **population total**: 24000
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **timezone**: + 4.30
Sar-e Pol Province

**Sar-e Pol**, also spelled **Sari Pul** (), is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is in the north of the country.  The capital is the city of Sar-e Pol. Dari (Persian) is the main language. About 442,261 people live in the Province. There are many mountains, especially in the south part.

## Districts

The province is divided into 7 Districts.

|style="width:125px; text-align:left;"|District|style="width:125px; text-align:left;"|Capital|style="width:100px; text-align:right;"|Population|style="width:100px; text-align:right;"|Area|align="right"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Balkhab|Tarkhoj|44,041||||||||
|Gosfandi||39,721||Created in 2006 within Sayyad District; most recently created district up to date||||||
|Kohistanat||72,037||||||||
|Sangcharak|Tukzar|87,670|1,089 km<sup>2</sup>|||||||
|Sar-e Pol|Sar-e Pol|115,463||||||||
|Sayyad||47,336||Sub-divided in 2006||||||
|Sozma Qala||36,993||||||||

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Sar-e Pol
- **native name**: سرپل
- **native name lang**: fa
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **image map**: Sar-e Pol in Afghanistan.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Afghanistan with Sar-e Pol highlighted
- **image map1**: Sare Pol districts.png
- **map caption1**: Districts of Sar-e Pol
- **coor pinpoint**: Capital
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **subdivision name2**: Sar-e Pol city, Sar-e Pol
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Sar-e Pol (city), Sar-e Pol
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 16360
- **population total**: 532000
- **population as of**: 2013
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Afghanistan, Main languages
- **blank info sec1**: Dari Persian
Uzbek language, Uzbek
- **timezone1**: UTC+4:30
- **iso code**: AF-SAR
Sar-e Pol, Afghanistan

**Sar-e Pol** or **Sari Pul** () is the capital city of the province of Sar-e Pol in northern Afghanistan.  It is in Sari Pul District. About 115,463 people live in the city.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Sar-e Pol
- **native name**: سر پل
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **pushpin map**: Afghanistan
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Afghanistan
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Sar-e Pol Province
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **subdivision name2**: Sar-e Pol District
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 136,000
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **timezone**: UTC+4:30
- **elevation m**: 888
To each according to his contribution

According to the principle of 'To each according to his contribution', during the transition of a society from capitalism to socialism and then to communism, individuals should be rewarded for the amount they contribute to society. Economists such as David Ricardo (1772-1823) had this idea. Ricardo founded a movement that is known as Ricardian socialism today. Many people in the labour movement had this idea too. Ferdinand Lassalle (1825–1864) and Eugen Dühring (1833-1921) expressed such ideas towards Leon Trotsky. Despite this, Vladimir Lenin was the first person to say that this element is fundamental to Marxist theory.

According to Libertarian socialist thinkers, such as American anarchist Benjamin Tucker, socialism is a system in which the laborer receives the full product of his labor. This eliminates exploitation and unearned income accrued to the capitalist.

The term _To each according to his contribution_ simply means that each worker in a socialist society receives "wages" and benefits according to the quantity and value of the labor that he or she contributed. That way, highly productive workers will receive more wages and benefits than workers of average productivity, and substantially more than workers of low productivity. What is more, the more difficult the job is, the more one is rewarded for the labor contributed. Difficulty can result from factors such as greater training requirement, job intensity or safety hazards. According to Trotsky, the idea is to promote productivity. This is done by creating incentives to work harder, longer, and more productively. In the end, the principle comes from capitalism, but will vanish, according to Marx, as work becomes more automated and enjoyable, and as goods become available in greater quantities.

In capitalism, the means of production are owned by a few people; these people are also known as the bourgeoisie. These people do not produce, but they live off the work others do for them. Socialism can fix this issue, because with socialism, the means of production are owned by all people, they are a common good.

## Related pages

- From each according to his ability, to each according to his need
- He who does not work, neither shall he eat
Takhar Province

**Takhār** () is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. The capital is Taloqan. Its salt mines are one of Afghanistan's major mineral resources.

## Districts

|District|Capital|Population|Area|align="right"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Baharak||40,902||Created in 2005 within Taluqan District||
|Bangi||28,197||||
|Chah Ab||64,151||||
|Chal||24,596||||
|Darqad||25,771||||
|Dashti Qala||35,347||Created in 2005 within Khwaja Ghar District||
|Farkhar||37,864||||
|Hazar Sumuch||9,774||Created in 2005 within Taluqan District||
|Ishkamish||51,153||||
|Kalafgan||28,122||||
|Khwaja Baha Wuddin||26,280||Created in 2005 within Yangi Qala District||
|Khwaja Ghar||44,909||Sub-divided in 2005||
|Namak Ab||11,563||Created in 2005 within Taluqan District||
|Rustaq||132,315||||
|Taluqan||194,471||Sub-divided in 2005||
|Warsaj||33,506||||
|Yangi Qala||39,398||Sub-divided in 2005||

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Takhar
- **native name lang**: fa
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **image skyline**: Hillside view in Khawajah Bahawuddin, Takhar Province, Afghanistan.jpg
- **image caption**: View from atop a hill in Khwaja Baha Wuddin District, Khawajah Bahawuddin, Takhar Province, Afghanistan.
- **image map**: Takhar in Afghanistan.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Afghanistan with Takhar highlighted
- **coor pinpoint**: Capital
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Taloqan
- **leader title**: List of governors of Takhar, Governor
- **leader name**: Qari Mohammad Ismail Turkman
- **leader title1**: Deputy Governor
- **leader name1**: Haji Kazim
- **leader title2**: Police Chief
- **leader name2**: Habibullah Shakir
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 12333
- **population total**: 1,113,173
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Afghanistan, Main languages
- **blank info sec1**: Persian language, Persian
- **timezone1**: Afghanistan Time
- **utc offset1**: +4:30
- **website**: http://takhar.gov.af/en/
Taloqan

**Tāloqān** (, also **Tāleqān** or **Tāluqān**) is the capital of Takhar Province, in northern Afghanistan. It is in the Taluqan District. About 196,400 people live in the city.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Tāloqān
- **native name**: تالقان
- **settlement type**: City
- **pushpin map**: Afghanistan
- **pushpin label position**: above
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Afghanistan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Afghanistan
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Takhār Province
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Afghanistan, District
- **subdivision name2**: Taluqan District
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 196400
- **timezone**: Afghanistan Standard Time
- **utc offset**: +4:30
- **elevation m**: 876
Maidan Wardak Province

**Wardak Province** (also spelled  **Wardag**, or  **Vardak**,  , ) is one of thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.  It is in the central east part of Afghanistan. About 540,100 people live in the province. The capital is Maidan Shar.

## Districts

|District|Capital|Population|Area|Ethnical data(%)|align="right"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Chak||83,376|1,273|100% Pashtuns|||
|Day Mirdad||28,865||56% Hazaras, 44% Pashtuns|||
|Hisa-I-Awali Bihsud||25,079||90% Hazaras, 10% Pashtuns|||
|Jaghatu||46,667||88% Pashtuns, 22% Hazaras|Shifted from Ghazni Province in 2005||
|Jalrez||44,873||48% Pashtuns, 47% Hazaras, 5% Tajiks|||
|Markazi Bihsud||94,328||85% Hazaras, 15% Pashtuns|||
|Maidan Shar||35,008||85% Pashtuns, 14% Tajiks, 1% Hazaras|||
|Narkh||56,354||80% Pashtuns, 15% Tajiks, 5% Hazaras|||
|Saydabad||114,793|1,163|100% Pashtuns|||

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Wardak
- **native name lang**: ps
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **image skyline**: Settlement in Wardak Province.jpg
- **image caption**: A settlement in Wardak along the road between Kabul and Bamiyan
- **image map**: Wardak in Afghanistan.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Afghanistan with Wardak highlighted
- **coor pinpoint**: Capital
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Maidan Shar
- **leader title**: List of governors of Wardak, Governor
- **leader name**: Muhammad Amin Jan
- **leader title1**: Deputy Governor
- **leader name1**: Sher Ahmad Ammar
- **leader title2**: Police Chief
- **leader name2**: Sheikh Mohammad Sharif Halimi
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 10348
- **area land km2**: 10348
- **area water km2**: 0
- **elevation footnotes**: Gurbut Mountain 2900m
- **population total**: 671817
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Afghanistan, Main languages
- **blank info sec1**: Pashto
Hazaragi and Dari language, Dari
- **timezone1**: Afghanistan Time
- **utc offset1**: +4:30
- **iso code**: AF-WAR
Maidan Shar

**Maidan Shar** ( - Maidān Šhār; ; also _Maydan_, _Meydan_, _Maidan_) is the capital of Wardak Province, Afghanistan. About 35,008 people live in the town as of 2003.

On 21 January 2019, over 100 people were killed in a terrorist attack.

## Economy

Most of the people in Maidan Shar do agriculture, livestock, gardening and trade. Many of the people are poor.

## Education

By the end of 2008, there were a total of 14 schools with about 9268 students. There were about 275 teachers teaching in these schools.

## People

- Zarifa Ghafari, former mayor of Maidan Shar, was one of the first female Mayors in Afghanistan

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Maidan Shar
- **native name**: میدان شهر
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **pushpin map**: Afghanistan
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Afghanistan
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Afghanistan
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Maidan Wardak Province
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **timezone**: UTC+4:30
Zabul Province

**Zabul** () is a historic province in southern Afghanistan. Qalat is the capital. About 275,100 people live in the province. The major ethnic group is Pashtun.

## Districts

Zabul is surrounded by Paktika and Ghzani provinces in the east, Urozgan province in the north, Kandahar province in west and southwest, and Balochistan state of Pakistan in south.

Around 800,000 people live in Zabul. Most of them live in Shahjoi, Arghandab and Kalat city.

Almond, grapes, apricots, wheat, and vegetables are the main agricultural products of Zabul. About 80% of the people are farmers.

The current governor of Zabul province is Bissmillah Afghanmal, son of Haji Mauladad Momand, born in Kandahar in 1976.

|District|Capital|Population|Area|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Argahandab||||Sub-divided in 2005|
|Atghar||13,973|||
|Daychopan|||||
|Kakar||||Created in 2005 within Argahandab District|
|Mizan||21,162|||
|Naw Bahar||21,144||Created in 2005 from parts of Shamulzayi and Shinkay Districts|
|Qalat||36,560|||
|Shah Joy||71,348|||
|Shamulzayi||33,351|||
|Shinkay||28,344|||
|Tarnak Aw Jaldak||19,017|||

## Transportation

In 2006, the province's first airstrip was opened near Qalat.  It was for the Afghan National Army.  The airstrip is not paved.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Zabul
- **native name lang**: ps
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **image skyline**: Almond trees in Zabul Province of Afghanistan.jpg
- **image caption**: Almond trees in Zabul Province
- **image map**: Zabul in Afghanistan.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Afghanistan with Zabul highlighted
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Qalat, Zabul Province, Qalat
- **leader title**: List of governors of Zabul, Governor
- **leader name**: Mullah Bismillah Abdullah
- **leader title1**: Deputy Governor
- **leader name1**: Abdul Khaliq Abid
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 17343
- **population total**: 391150
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Afghanistan, Main languages
- **blank info sec1**: Baluchi language, Baluchi
 Dari language, Dari
- **timezone1**: Afghanistan Time
- **utc offset1**: +4:30
- **iso code**: AF-ZAB
Qalati Ghilji

**Qalat** () is a town in southern Afghanistan.  It is the capital of Zabul Province. It is linked by a highway with Kandahar to the west and Ghazni to the east. In 2006, Zabul's first airstrip was built near Qalat.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Qalat
- **native name**: قلات
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **pushpin map**: Afghanistan
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Afghanistan
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Afghanistan
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Afghanistan, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Zabul Province
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 32,000
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **population blank2 title**: Religions
- **timezone**: UTC+4:30
- **elevation m**: 1550
Afghan afghani

The **afghani** is the type of money used in Afghanistan.  100 pul make 1 afghani.  Pul coins are not used any longer.  In 2005, coins with a value of 1, 2 and 5 Afghani were made.
Pamir languages

The **Pamir languages** or **Pamiri languages** are a group of the Eastern Iranian languages. Many people in the Pamir Mountains, mostly along the Panj River speak the language. This includes the Badakhshan Province of northeastern Afghanistan and the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province of eastern Tajikistan. Smaller communities can be found in areas of Pakistan. The only other living member of the Southeastern Iranian languages is Pashto.

## Infobox (language family)

- **name**: Pamir languages
- **region**: Pamir Mountains
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian
- **fam3**: Iranian languages, Iranian
- **fam4**: Eastern Iranian languages, Eastern
- **fam5**: Southeastern
Durrës

**Durrës** is the second largest city of Albania.  It is on the central Albanian coast, about  west of the capital Tirana. It is one of the most ancient and economically important cities of Albania. Durrës is at one of the narrower points of the Adriatic Sea.  It is opposite the Italian ports of Bari ( away) and Brindisi ( away). Durrës is home to Albania's main port, the Port of Durrës.  The Aleksandër Moisiu University is here. The town has about 115,550 people. Durrës was the national capital from 7 March 1914 until 11 February 1920 .

## Climate

Durrës has a typical Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cool winters. The average of water temperature in Durrës is from  in February to  in August. The summer in Durrës starts from May to middle of October .

## History

Durrës was founded as a Greek colony, in 627 BC. It was called _Epidamnos by the Greeks, and Epidamnus_ by the Romans. Around 436 BC there was a civil war, which caused the Peloponnesian War. Around 200 BC,  Plautus wrote a comeny, Menaechmi, which takes plce in Epidamos. After the Illyro-Roman Wars Epidamnos became a Roman protectorate. It changed its name to _Dyrrhachium (Dyrrháchion Δυρράχιον in Greek)._  They also built the Via Egnatia, which linked Dyrrachium to Byzantium. It was the contiuation of the Via Appia, which ended in Brindisi, 150km away across the Adriatic Sea.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Durrës
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Albania, Municipality and Cities in Albania, City
- **image seal**: Stema e Bashkisë Durrës.jpg
- **seal size**: 100px
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **pushpin map**: Albania
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Albania
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Albania, County
- **subdivision name1**: Durrës County
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Albania, District
- **subdivision name2**: Durrës District
- **subdivision type3**: Regions (Rajone)
- **subdivision name3**: 6
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Vangjush Dako (Socialist Party of Albania, PS)
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 627 BC
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 115,550
- **population metro**: 265,330
- **timezone**: Central European Time
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **elevation m**: 0
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 2001-2009
- **area code**: 052
- **website**: [http://www.durres.gov.al www.durres.gov.al]
Elbasan

**Elbasan** is a city in central Albania. It is on the Shkumbin River in the District of Elbasan and the County of Elbasan.  It is one of the largest cities in Albania.  There are about 79,810 people.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Elbasan
- **settlement type**: Cities in Albania, City
- **image skyline**: Elbasan 1.jpg
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Elbasan.svg
- **seal size**: 70px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Albania
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Albania, County
- **subdivision name1**: Elbasan County
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Albania, District
- **subdivision name2**: Elbasan District
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Qazim Sejdini _(Socialist Party of Albania, SP)_
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 15th century
- **area total km2**: 1290
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 79,810
- **population metro**: 296,082
- **timezone**: Central European Time
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **elevation m**: 150
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 3001-3006
- **area code**: 054
- **website**: [http://www.elbasani.gov.al www.elbasani.gov.al]
Vlorë

**Vlorë** is a city in Albania. It is the second largest port city of Albania. There are 79,948 people who live here. It is on the Adriatic Sea, almost surrounded by mountains.

Vlorë is where the Albanian Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on November 28, 1912. The city was for a short time the capital of Albania.

Vlora is one of the oldest cities of Albania. It was formed by Ancient Greeks in the 6th century BC.

The University of Vlora is the second largest in Albania.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Vlorë
- **settlement type**: Municipalities of Albania, Municipality and Cities in Albania, City
- **motto**: Përherë kuqezi (Always Red and Black)
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image caption**: Views over Vlorë
- **image shield**: Stema e Bashkisë Vlorë.svg
- **pushpin map**: Albania
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Albania
- **subdivision type1**: Counties of Albania, County
- **subdivision name1**: Vlorë County
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Albania, District
- **subdivision name2**: Vlorë District
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Shpëtim Gjika (Socialist Party of Albania, PS)
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 6th century BC
- **population as of**: 2011
- **nickname**: Qyteti i Pavarësisë (City of Independence)
- **population total**: 79,948
- **population metro**: 184,279
- **timezone**: Central European Time
- **utc offset**: +1
- **timezone dst**: CEST
- **utc offset dst**: +2
- **elevation m**: 0
- **elevation ft**: 0
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in Albania, Postal code
- **postal code**: 9401-9405
- **area code**: 033
- **website**: [http://www.vlora.gov.al/ www.vlora.gov.al]
Districts of Albania

**Albania** is divided into 36 **districts**. Districts are grouped into counties or prefectures, of which there are 12. The districts are:

- 1. Berat
- 2. Bulqizë
- 3. Delvinë
- 4. Devoll
- 5. Dibër
- 6. Durrës
- 7. Elbasan
- 8. Fier
- 9. Gjirokastër
- 10. Gramsh
- 11. Has
- 12. Kavajë
- 13. Kolonjë
- 14. Korçë
- 15. Krujë
- 16. Kuçovë
- 17. Kukës
- 18. Kurbin

- 19. Lezhë
- 20. Librazhd
- 21. Lushnjë
- 22. Malësi e Madhe
- 23. Mallakastër
- 24. Mat
- 25. Mirditë
- 26. Peqin
- 27. Përmet
- 28. Pogradec
- 29. Pukë
- 30. Sarandë
- 31. Shkodër
- 32. Skrapar
- 33. Tepelenë
- 34. Tirana
- 35. Tropojë
- 36. Vlorë
Flag of Albania

The **flag of Albania** () is a red flag, with a silhouetted black double-headed eagle in the centre.

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Albania
- **nickname**: Albania
- **image**: Flag_of_Albania.svg
- **use**: 111000
- **proportion**: 5:7
- **adoption**: 1912 (original flag)
7 April 1992 (current flag)
- **design**: A silhouette of an open-winged Double-headed eagle, bicephalated eagle on a red field.
- **type**: National
Coat of arms of Albania

The **coat of arms of Albania** is similar to the flag of Albania.  It is based on the seal of Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg.  The picture above the head of the two-headed eagle is the helmet of Skanderbeg.  The helmet also has billy goats' horns.

## Infobox (coat of arms)

- **name**: Coat of Arms of Albania
- **image**: Coat of arms of Albania.svg
- **image width**: 200
- **armiger**: Albania, Republic of Albania
- **shield**: Gules, a two-headed eagle Sable (heraldry), Sable; in chief the helmet of Skanderbeg Or (heraldry), Or.
Bamir Topi

**Bamir Myrteza Topi** (born 24 April 1957 in Tirana) is an Albanian diplomat and politician. He served as President of Albania from 2007 to 2012.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Bamir Topi
- **honorific-suffix**:
<small>His Excellency</small>
- **image**: Bamir Topi 3.jpg
- **caption**: Topi in October 2008
- **office**: List of heads of state of Albania, President of Albania
- **primeminister**: Sali Berisha
- **term start**: 24 July 2007
- **term end**: 24 July 2012
- **predecessor**: Alfred Moisiu
- **successor**: Bujar Nishani
- **birth place**: Tirana, People's Republic of Albania (now Albania)
- **spouse**: Teuta Topi, Teuta Mema
- **party**: Democratic Party of Albania, Democratic Party
- **profession**: Vet (profession), Veterinarian
- **alma mater**: Agricultural University of Tirana
Sali Berisha

**Sali Berisha** (born 15 October 1944) is an Albanian politician.  He was the Prime Minister from 2005 to 2013. He was the President of Albania from 1992 to 1997.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sali Berisha
- **image**: Sali Berisha 2025.jpg
- **office**: List of Prime Ministers of Albania, Prime Minister of Albania
- **president**: Alfred Moisiu
Bamir Topi
- **deputy**: Ilir Rusmali
Gazmend Oketa
Genc Pollo
Ilir Meta
Edmond Haxhinasto
- **term start**: 11 September 2005
- **term end**: 15 September 2013
- **predecessor**: Fatos Nano
- **successor**: Edi Rama
- **office2**: President of Albania
- **primeminister2**: Vilson Ahmeti
Aleksandër Meksi
Bashkim Fino
- **term start2**: 9 April 1992
- **term end2**: 24 July 1997
- **predecessor2**: Ramiz Alia
- **successor2**: Rexhep Meidani
- **birth place**: Viçidol, Albanian Kingdom (1943–1944), Albanian Kingdom (now Albania)
- **party**: Democratic Party of Albania, Democratic Party
- **spouse**: Liri Berisha
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: University of Tirana
- **profession**: Cardiac surgery, Cardiac doctor
- **caption**: Berisha in 2025
The Godfather Part III

***The Godfather Part III*** is a 1990 American crime drama movie directed and produced by Francis Ford Coppola, that stars Al Pacino and Diane Keaton. The movie is set in 1989 and 1990. It is the sequel to _The Godfather_ and _The Godfather Part II_. It received mixed to positive reviews and did well at the box office. This movie was released December 25, 1990 in the United States.

## Media interest

The final scenes of the movie were filmed at the Teatro Massimo in Palermo, where the uncle of Francis Ford Coppola, the composer and conductor Anton Coppola, is shown conducting the opera, _Cavalleria rusticana_.
Berat County

The **County of Berat** is one of the 12 counties of Albania. It has the districts Berat, Kuçovë, and Skrapar. Its capital is Berat. It is 123 km south of Tirana, the capital of Albania.