juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ministry of Justice (Spain)

The **Ministry of Justice** (in Spanish: _Ministerio de Justicia_ - previously called _Ministerio de Gracia y Justicia_, _Ministerio de Justicia y Culto_, _Ministerio de Sanidad, Trabajo y Justicia_ and _Ministerio de Interior y Justicia_) is one of the departments of the Government of Spain. The current minister of Justice is _Dolores Delgado García._

It's headquarters is located in Madrid, in the _Palacio de la Marquesa de la Sonora_.

## Tasks

The Ministry of Justice is responsible for the preparation and execution of government policy on development of law (criminal law, civil law, commercial law, ...), rights and religious freedom and worship, prerogative of mercy and titles of nobility and greatness of Spain.

In addition, the department shall be responsible for policy for the organization and support for the administration of justice, international judicial cooperation, as well as with the Autonomous Communities, in coordination with other relevant departments in this area. The ministry is also one that provides legal assistance to State.

## Other websites

- Ministry's page
Goliath (Walibi Holland)

**Goliath** is a steel roller coaster in the Dutch theme park Walibi Holland. The lift hill has a height of 46.8 meters. This makes it the tallest coaster of the Benelux. However, in 2007 this record was beaten by Vertigo in Walibi Belgium, but after Vertigo was demolished in 2008, Goliath was again the tallest coaster of the Benelux.

## Ride information

The coaster was created by the Swiss coaster manufacturer Intamin AG. It was opened in 2002. The coaster has a maximum speed of 66 miles per hour (106 km/h) over 3,982 feet (1,214 m) of track. The coaster has 2 trains, one green and one purple with hydraulic lap bars as restraints.

## Other websites

- Walibi Holland website

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: Goliath
- **image**: Walibi World Goliath.jpg
- **location**: Walibi Holland
- **locationarticle**: Walibi Holland
- **section**: Speed Zone
- **type**: Steel
- **status**: Operating
- **manufacturer**: Intamin
- **designer**: Werner Stengel, Ing.-Büro Stengel GmbH
- **lift**: Lift_hill#Cable_lift, Cable lift hill
- **height m**: 47.17
- **drop m**: 46.31
- **length m**: 1,214
- **speed km/h**: 106
- **inversions**: 0
- **duration**: 1:32
- **angle**: 70
- **restriction cm**: 140
- **trains**: 2
- **carspertrain**: 8
- **rowspercar**: 2
- **ridersperrow**: 2
- **rcdb number**: 1565
Condor (roller coaster)

**Condor** (formerly **El Condor**) is a steel roller coaster at Walibi Holland in The Netherlands. The ride was built by Vekoma as the first suspended looping coaster in the world.

## Other websites

- El Condor on the Walibi Holland website

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: Condor
- **image**: Biddinghuizen (Dronten) - Walibi Holland, Condor (A04).JPG
- **imagedimensions**: 250px
- **previousnames**: El Condor (1994-2013)
- **location**: Walibi Holland
- **locationarticle**: Walibi Holland
- **section**: Exotic
- **type**: Steel
- **type2**: Inverted
- **status**: Operating
- **manufacturer**: Vekoma
- **model**: Suspended Looping Coaster
- **lift**: Lift hill, Chain Lift Hill
- **height m**: 31
- **length m**: 662
- **speed km/h**: 80
- **inversions**: 5
- **duration**: 2:02
- **capacity**: 900
- **restriction cm**: 140
- **trains**: 2
- **carspertrain**: 8
- **rowspercar**: 1
- **ridersperrow**: 2
- **rcdb number**: 770
Xpress: Platform 13

**Xpress** is a steel launched roller coaster at Walibi Holland in The Netherlands. It opened in 2000 under the name _Superman the Ride_. However, Six Flags was planning to open it under the name _Riddlers Revenge_ and the ride was painted green at the factory. Shortly before the coaster was built, the name was changed to _Superman the Ride_ and was painted red and blue. Since 2005 the coaster is called _Xpress_. It is the first LSM coaster in Europe.

The coaster had been standing but not operating for the whole season in 2011. The reason for this was because important parts of the launch mechanism were broken, which can cause that the train does not have enough speed at the end of the launch, or doesn't launch at all. These parts are ordered and are only made on request, as there are only 3 coasters of this type worldwide (2 of which are in Disney parks). Therefore, Walibi Holland decided to paint the track. As of 2012, the coaster operates again.

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: Xpress: Platform 13
- **image**: Xpress-WalibiHolland.jpg
- **caption**: Xpress: Platform 13
- **previousnames**: Superman The Ride
- **location**: Walibi Holland
- **section**: Hollywood The Main Street
- **type**: Steel
- **type2**: Launched
- **opened**: April 2000
- **status**: Operating
- **manufacturer**: Vekoma
- **model**: Launched roller coaster, LSM Launch
- **lift**: LSM
- **capacity**: 1200
- **length ft**: 3267
- **height ft**: 85
- **inversions**: 3
- **speed mph**: 55.9
- **duration**: 100 seconds
- **acceleration**: 0 − 55.9 mph in 2.8 seconds
- **restriction in**: 47
- **rcdb number**: 769
The Rules of Attraction

***The Rules of Attraction*** is a 2002 American satirical black comedy-drama movie. It stars James van der Beek and Jessica Biel. This movie is based on the novel of the same name by Bret Easton Ellis. It is about events at a fictional college in New Hampshire. _The Rules of Attraction_ was originally rated NC-17 by the MPAA, although edits were performed by Lionsgate so that the movie could get an R rating.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Rules of Attraction
- **director**: Roger Avary
- **producer**: Roger Avary
Greg Shapiro
- **screenplay**: Roger Avary
- **starring**: James van der Beek
Shannyn Sossamon
Ian Somerhalder
Jessica Biel
Kip Pardue
- **music**: tomandandy
- **cinematography**: Robert Brinkmann
- **editing**: Sharon Rutter
- **studio**: Kinsgate Films
Roger Avary, Roger Avary Filmproduktion
- **distributor**: Lions Gate Entertainment
- **runtime**: 110 minutes
- **country**: United States
Germany
- **language**: English
German
- **budget**: $4 million
- **gross**: $11,819,244
Spa

The term **spa** is associated with water treatment of disease by bathing. Spa towns, spa resorts, and hot springs resorts often offer various health treatments. People have believed in the helpful powers of mineral waters back to prehistoric times. This practice has been popular worldwide. It is especially widespread in Europe and Japan.

## Origins of the term

The term came from the name of the town of Spa, Belgium. This name was known back in Roman times, when it was called Aquae Spadanae. It may be related to the Latin word "spargere" meaning to scatter, sprinkle or moisten.
Dwayne Roloson

**Albert Dwayne Roloson** (born October 12, 1969 in Simcoe, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender and the current goaltending coach of the Anaheim Ducks. Roloson played 606 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Calgary Flames, Buffalo Sabres, Minnesota Wild, Edmonton Oilers, New York Islanders, and Tampa Bay Lightning.

After Mark Recchi retired, Roloson became the oldest active NHL player and the last active NHL player to have been born in the 1960s. He played for the Calgary Flames for 2 seasons, the Buffalo Sabres for 2 seasons, the Minnesota Wild for 4 seasons, the Edmonton Oilers for 4 seasons and the New York Islanders for 2 seasons before being traded to the Tampa Bay Lightning on January 1, 2011 for defenceman Ty Wishart. He is married to his wife, Melissa and they have two sons, Brett, 7, and Ross, 5.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Dwayne Roloson 2011-04-23.JPG
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Roloson with the Tampa Bay Lightning, Lightning in the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs, 2011 playoffs.
- **position**: Goaltender
- **catches**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **played for**: Calgary Flames
Buffalo Sabres
Minnesota Wild
Edmonton Oilers
New York Islanders
Tampa Bay Lightning
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 180
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **birth place**: Simcoe, Ontario, Simcoe, Ontario, Canada
- **career start**: 1994
- **career end**: 2012
- **draft**: _Undrafted_
- **website**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20130423073856/http://dwaynerolosongoaliedevelopment.com/ Dwayne Roloson Goalie Development]
John Farey, Sr.

**John Farey, Sr.** (1766 – January 6, 1826) was an English geologist. However, he is better known for a mathematician, the Farey sequence is named after him. He is also a writer.
Wilford Brimley

**Anthony Wilford Brimley** (September 27, 1934 – August 1, 2020) was an American actor. Brimley has appeared in the movies _The China Syndrome_, _Cocoon_, _The Thing_ and _The Firm_. He has also appeared in television commercials for Quaker Oats and Liberty Medical. He was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and a former United States Marine.

He had diabetes which he speaks openly about in his commercials for Liberty Medical. These commercials were turned into a meme because he pronounced diabetes as ‘diabeetus’.

Brimley died on August 1, 2020 in St. George, Utah at the age of 85, after suffering kidney disease.

## Filmography

|Year|Film|Role|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1968|_Bandolero!_|Stunts (uncredited)|
|1969|_True Grit_|Stunts (uncredited)|
|1971|_Lawman_|Stunts (uncredited)|
|1976|_The Oregon Trail_|Ludlow|
|1979|_The China Syndrome_|Ted Spindler|
|_The Electric Horseman_|Farmer||
|1980|_Brubaker_|Rogers|
|_Borderline_|Scooter Jackson||
|1981|_Absence of Malice_|Asst. U.S. Atty. Gen. James A. Wells|
|1982|_Death Valley_|The Sheriff|
|_The Thing_|Dr. Blair||
|1983|_Tender Mercies_|Harry|
|_10 to Midnight_|Captain Maline||
|_High Road to China_|Bradley Tozer||
|_Tough Enough_|Bill Long||
|1984|_Harry & Son_|Tom Keach|
|_Ewoks: The Battle for Endor_|Noa Briqualon||
|_The Hotel New Hampshire_|Iowa Bob||
|_The Stone Boy_|George Jansen||
|_The Natural_|Pop Fisher||
|_Country_|Otis||
|_Terror in the Aisles_|||
|1985|_Cocoon_|Benjamin Luckett|
|_Remo Williams: The Adventure Begins_|Harold Smith||
|_Shadows on the Wall_|Theater Owner||
|_Murder in Space_|Dr. Andrew McAllister||
|1986|_Jackals_|Sheriff Mitchell|
|1987|_End of the Line_|Will Haney|
|1988|_Cocoon: The Return_|Benjamin Luckett|
|1989|_Eternity_|King/Eric|
|1992|_Where the Red Fern Grows: Part II_|Grandpa Will|
|1993|_The Firm_|William Devasher|
|_Hard Target_|Uncle Douvee||
|1994|_Heaven Sent_|Security Guard|
|1995|_Mutant Species_|Devro|
|_Last of the Dogmen_|Narrator (uncredited)||
|1996|_My Fellow Americans_|Joe Hollis|
|1997|_In & Out_|Frank Brackett|
|_Lunker Lake_|The Storyteller||
|1998|_A Place to Grow_|Jake|
|_Progeny_|Dr. David Wetherly||
|_Chapter Perfect_|Chief Hawkins||
|_All My Friends Are Cowboys_|Charlie||
|_Summer of the Monkeys_|Grandpa Sam Ferrans||
|2000|_Comanche_||
|2001|_PC and the Web_||
|_Brigham City_|Stu||
|_The Ballad of Lucy Whipple_|Deputy Sheriff Ambrose Scraggs||
|_Crossfire Trail_|Joe Gill||
|2002|_Resurrection Mary_|Morty|
|_The Round and Round_|Governor||
|2003|_The Road Home_|Coach Weaver|
|2009|_The Path of the Wind_|Harry Caldwell|
|2009|_Did You Hear About the Morgans_|Earl Granger|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Wilford Brimley
- **image**: Wilford Brimley.jpg
- **caption**: Brimley at a screening of _The Thing (1982 film), The Thing_ on October 22, 2012
- **birth name**: Anthony Wilford Brimley
- **birth place**: Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
- **death place**: St. George, Utah, St. George, Utah, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1967–2017
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 4
Ernest Ellis Clark

**Ernest Ellis Clark** (1870 – 1932) was a Derby born artist. Three of his paintings are in Derby Museum and Art Gallery.

## Biography

Clark was born in Derby and after studying art he started work at Royal Crown Derby. He won many prizes for his art. In his forties he served in the Royal Field Artillery during the first world war. His only book was a guide for his students to design based on plant forms. In the book he supplied the designs. Clark said "... it cannot be too frequently urged upon students that the only right way for them is to make their own studies direct from nature." Three of his paintings are in Derby Museum and Art Gallery after being gifted by Alfred E. Goodey. The painting of Green Street records a time three years before the Hippodrome Theatre was built on the left and on the right is the College of Art where Clark trained.

Clark died aged 63 in Derby in 1932 and his work is free from copyright.
Derby Sketching Club

The** Derby Sketching Club** is a members' club meeting in Derby, England. It was founded in 1887, still providing members with facilities.

## History

In 1887, a group of young men held a meeting at the County hotel in Derby and founded the **Derby Sketching Club**. They wanted to have a place where they and others could work, share their interest in painting and sketching. The fee for one year was two shillings and sixpence. Their first exhibition was held in January 1889, at the Athenaeum Rooms in Derby.

In 1922, the Derby Ladies Art Group was formed. The two groups first held a joint Exhibition in 1951 for the Festival of Britain. They finally merged in 1966.

The art collector Alfred E. Goodey. collected some of their work about Derby made by Sketching Club members. In the 1940s he presented the paintings to Derby Museum and Art Gallery.

## Current activities

There are regular sessions for members- for lifedrawing, and portrait painting and still life. There are guest lectures and exhibitions and members use the website to promote their work.
Alfred John Keene

**Alfred John Keene** (1864–1930) was a British watercolour artist working in Derby.

## Biography

Known as "Jack", Keene trained at Derby Central School of Art from 1878 to 1895.

Keene managed the family business with his brother Charles after their father's death. Alfred John Keene was a founder member, in 1887, of the Derby Sketching Club with F Booty, William Swindell, George Thompson, Charles Terry And Frank Timms. This club still meets today. Keene's paintings were collected by Alfred E. Goodey who eventually purchased 77 of them. Goodey gave his collection of paintings to Derby Museum in 1936.
Shadows of the Damned

***Shadows of the Damned*** is an action-adventure video game developed by Grasshopper Manufacture and published by Electronic Arts. The game was made for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. The game was released on June 21, 2011 in North America and on June 24, 2011 in Europe.

## Characters

- **Garcia Hotspur** - A demon hunter
- **Johnson** - A demon that assists Garcia
- **Paula** - Garcia's girlfriend
- **Fleming** - The demon in charge of the underworld
- **Christopher** - A half-human/demon hybrid

## Other websites

- Shadows of the Damned's Official website

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Grasshopper Manufacture
- **publisher**: Electronic Arts
- **genre**: Action-adventure
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player
- **platforms**: Xbox 360
PlayStation 3
Holy Land

The **Holy Land** is an area in the Levant that is holy to Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Islam and Judaism). The name roughly refers to the region of Palestine. Jews say God gave the Holy Land to them. This is where Jesus lived.  James, along with the others named "brothers" of Jesus, are said to have been Jesus' cousins. Several Crusades were fought there.

## Other websites

- "Description of the Holy Land" is an old map from the 1500s which shows the Holy Land when Jesus was alive
A.B. Quintanilla III

**Abraham Isaac Quintanilla III** is a Grammy Award-winning songwriter, most known for his works for his sister, Selena. A.B. Quintanilla III, became a member of Kumbia Kings, which he founded several years after Selena's death. A.B., left the band and soon founded another band Kumbia All-Starz with some alumni members and some from Selena y Los Dinos.

A.B.,'s hit singles "Como La Flor", Amor Prohibido", and "No Me Queda Mas" became classic hits for Selena and became her signature songs. "Amor Prohibido" and "No Me Queda Mas" were the most successful singles in 1994 and 1995 in the United States Latino communities and Mexico.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: A.B. Quintanilla
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Abraham Isaac Quintanilla III
- **alias**: A.B. Quintanilla III
A.B. Quintanilla
King of Kumbia
- **birth place**: Toppenish, Washington
- **origin**: Lake Jackson, Texas
- **instrument**: Bass guitar, guitar, vocals
- **genre**: Cumbia, Tejano music, Tejano, Reggae, Latin pop, Rhythm and blues, R&B
- **occupation**: Songwriter, record producer, composer, musician
- **years active**: 1982–present
- **label**: EMI/Capitol Records, Capitol Latin
- **associated acts**: Selena, Selena y Los Dinos, Abraham Quintanilla Jr, Chris Pérez, Cruz Martínez, Frankie J, DJ Kane, Abel Talamantez, Pee Wee (entertainer), Pee Wee, Melissa Jiménez, Kumbia Kings, Kumbia All Starz, Los Super Reyes
- **url**: http://www.abquintanilla3.com
Pete Astudillo

**Pedro "Pete" Astudillo** (born 1963 in Laredo, Texas) is a Mexican American songwriter. He became a back-up dancer and singer for the band "Selena y Los Dinos". The band's lead singer Selena was the "Queen of Tejano music". Astudillo later left the band after writing several #1 _Billboard_ hits. He left to become a solo artist. Most of his written and recorded songs were all nominated for awards. Most of these did win the awards they were nominated for.

## Other websites

- "Pete Astudillo", _BMI_
- "Pete Astudillo arrestado "
Tejano music

***Tejano music*** or **Tex-Mex music** (Texas–Mexico music) is a genre of music that originated in South Texas with help from German settlers in the 1800s. Tejano music is a mix-music-genre of German folk, Ranchera, Mariachi, and Conjunto music. The genre became popular during the 1990s. The singer Selena, who was called the "Queen of Tejano music", helped attract younger and wider audiences to Tejano.
American Psycho (movie)

***American Psycho*** is a 2000 American satirical crime drama movie. It stars Christian Bale, Willem Dafoe, Jared Leto, Chloë Sevigny and Reese Witherspoon. It is set in New York City in the late 1980s. The central character is an investment banker who is quickly revealed to be a serial killer, balancing his life of maintaining an upper-class, socialite image while managing his unraveling mental state. The movie is based on a novel by Bret Easton Ellis that is also called American Psycho.

## Other websites

- "American Psycho". British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved April 16, 2022. "American Psycho (2000)". BFI. Retrieved October 28, 2018.  "American Psycho". AFI Catalog. Retrieved October 28, 2018.  "American Psycho (2000)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved September 18, 2009.
Entognatha

The **Entognatha** is a class of ametabolous arthropods, which, together with insects, makes up the superclass Hexapoda. Their mouthparts are entognathous, meaning they are retracted within the head. The class contains three orders: Collembola (springtails), Diplura and Protura.
Tejano Music Awards

The ***Tejano Music Awards*** is an annual music awards ceremony that is held in San Antonio, Texas to recognize and build awareness for Tejano music. The first _TMA's_ began in 1980.

## Achievements

In 1986, Selena won the "Female Vocalist of The Year" award and continued to win the award for nine consecutive years, up until her death. She had won two awards posthumously after her death. Selena dominated the awards beginning the 90's when she helped spread the Tejano Music Movement into the United States. She was then given the title "Queen of Tejano music".

Being a male-dominate genre, the Tejano Music Awards continued to see a rise in more male entertainers receiving awards such as Emilio Navaira, Jay Perez, and La Mafia. The group, La Mafia, became the first male Tejano group to sell a gold album (sales of 50,000 units). For the females, Selena's album Ven Conmigo (1990) became the very first Tejano album to ever be certified gold by the RIAA.

## Awards

- Tejano Music Awards for Male Vocalist of The Year
- Tejano Music Awards for Female Vocalist of The Year
- Tejano Music Awards for Best New Male Artist
- Tejano Music Awards for Best New Female Artist
- Tejano Music Awards for Best New Group
- Tejano Music Awards for Album of The Year (Conjunto)
- Tejano Music Awards for Album of The Year (Tejano)
- Tejano Music Awards for Entertainer of The Year
- Tejano Music Awards for Song of The Year
- Tejano Music Awards decade ballots
- Tejano Music Awards for Album of The Year (group)
- Tejano Music Awards for Crossover Song of The Year
- Tejano Music Awards for Vocal Duo of the Year
- Tejano Music Awards for Lifetime Achievement Award
- Tejano Music Awards for Most Promising Band
- Tejano Music Awards for Showband of the Year
- Tejano Music Awards for Album of The Year (Conjunto Progressive)
- Tejano Music Awards for Album of The Year (Urban Tejano)
- Tejano Music Awards for Album of The Year (Conjunto Norteño)
- Tejano Music Awards for Mexican/Regional Song of the Year
- Tejano Music Awards for Album of The Year (Tejano Norteño)
- Tejano Music Awards for Tejano Music Video of the Year
- Tejano Music Awards for Album of The Year (Traditional)
- Tejano Music Awards for Humanitarian of the Year
- Tejano Music Awards for Album of The Year (Orchestra)
- Tejano Music Awards for Album of The Year (Overall)
- Tejano Music Awards for Song of The Year (Tejano Country)
- Tejano Music Awards for Instrumental of the Year
- Tejano Music Awards for Songwriter of the Year
- Tejano Music Awards for Tejano Gospel Music Artist

## Other websites

- Official web site
Ricky Vela

***Ricardo Vela*** or also known as **Ricky Vela** was a songwriter and keyboardist for Selena y Los Dinos. Vela had won several awards at the Tejano Music Awards for his works with Selena.

## Charted songs

(<small>This is a list of songs written or co-written by Ricky Vela that impacted music charts on _Billboard_</small>)

- "Dame Tu Amor" #6 Hot Latin Tracks
- "No Debes Jugar" #3 Hot Latin Tracks
- "La Llamada" #6 Hot Latin Tracks
- "Tu Robaste Mi Corazon" #5 Hot Latin Tracks
- "No Me Queda Mas" #1 Hot Latin Tracks
- "Fotos y Recuerdos" #1 Hot Latin Tracks

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ricky Vela
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Ricardo Vela
- **alias**: Rick, Ricky
- **origin**: Corpus Christi, Texas, United States
- **instrument**: Keyboards
- **genre**: Tejano music, Tejano, Mexican cumbia, Ranchera, Latin pop, Latin American music, Spanish pop, R&B music, R&B, Pop music, Pop
- **occupation**: songwriter, keyboards
- **years active**: 1985–1995,
- **label**: EMI Latin
- **associated acts**: Selena y Los Dinos, Abraham Quintanilla III, Suzette Quintanilla, Chris Pérez
- **url**: [http://www.q-productions.com/ Q-Productions.com]
Q-Productions

***Q-Productions*** is an independent record label founded by Abraham Quintanilla Jr in 1993, to help build further awareness for his daughter, Selena. After Selena's death, Abraham Quintanilla Jr opened the record label to the public to help find new stars in the music and film industries. Q-Productions specializes in Tejano music.

## Artists signed

- Selena
- Jennifer Pena (1996–2001)
- La Fuerza
- Los Tres Reyes
- Cortez De La Sierra
- Jorge Roel Y Potrillo

## References

- http://Q-productions.com/qzone.html
- http://q-productions.com/about.html
Chris Pérez

**Chris Pérez** (born 14 August 1969 in San Antonio, Texas) is a Grammy-winning guitarist and the widower of "The Queen of Tejano music" Selena Quintanilla-Pérez.

## Personal life

In 1988, Pérez met Grammy-winning Mexican American singer Selena.  Two years later, Selena's family hired him to play in her band and they quickly fell in love.  At first her father did not approve of the relationship and went as far as firing Pérez from the band.  However, he eventually came to accept the relationship. On April 2, 1992, Selena and Pérez married in Nueces County, Texas and Selena legally added Pérez's surname to her own.

After Selena was murdered in 1995, Pérez remarried and had two children with his second wife, Vanessa. They split up in March 2008.

## Career

At the 2000 Grammy Awards his Rock band, _The Chris Pérez Band_, won a Grammy Award for "Best Latin Rock/Alternative Album" for their debut album "Resurrection". Pérez dedicated the song, "Best I Can," to Selena.  In 2001, _The Chris Pérez Band_ made their final album called "Una Noche Más" (English: _One More Night_).

After the _Chris Pérez Band_ disbanded, Pérez joined his former brother-in-law's (A.B. Quintanilla III) music group called _Kumbia Kings_. However, Quintanilla had conflicts with the band and left the _Kumbia Kings_ along with Pérez. Quintanilla started a new band called, _Kumbia All-Starz_ with Pérez as its current guitarist.

## Other websites

- Chris Pérez Official Website
- Chris Pérez Facebook!
- Chris Pérez YouTube!
- Chris Pérez Twitter!
- Chris Pérez Bands Twitter!
- Chris Pérez  at VH1.com

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Chris Pérez
- **img**: Chris Pérez 2012.jpg
- **img capt**: Pérez playing in 2012
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Christopher Gilbert Pérez
- **birth place**: San Antonio, Texas
- **origin**: San Antonio, Texas
- **instrument**: Guitar, Vocals
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal, Rock music, Rock, Latin rock, Cumbia, Tejano music, Tejano
- **occupation**: Guitarist, Songwriter, Singer
- **years active**: 1988–present
- **label**: EMI
- **associated acts**: Selena, Selena y Los Dinos, Abraham Quintanilla III, Cruz Martínez, Kumbia Kings, Kumbia All Starz
Robin Hood (roller coaster)

**Robin Hood** is a wooden roller coaster at Walibi Holland in the Netherlands.

## Information

Robin Hood was designed by _Stand Company_ and built by Vekoma in 2000. It has a capacity of 815 people per hour. The coaster has 2 trains, both having 4 cars with 6 seats (per train 24 people). A ride takes about 2.5 minutes and the coaster is about 1 kilometer long. The ride will close in 2018 for an RMC make-over.

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: Robin Hood
- **image**: Robin Hood walibi world.JPG
- **location**: Walibi Holland
- **section**: Sherwood Forest
- **type**: Wood
- **status**: Removed
- **opened**: 2000
- **year**: 2000
- **closed**: October 28, 2018
- **manufacturer**: Vekoma
- **designer**: Stand Company
- **model**: Wooden
- **lift**: Chain lift hill
- **height ft**: 105
- **length ft**: 90.
- **speed mph**: 49.7
- **inversions**: 0
- **duration**: 20:24
- **angle**: O
- **capacity**: 815
- **trains**: 2
- **carspertrain**: 4
- **rowspercar**: 3
- **ridersperrow**: 2
- **rcdb number**: 771
Tripartite Pact

The **Tripartite Pact**, also called the **Three-Power Pact**, **Axis Pact**, **Three-way Pact**, or **Tripartite Treaty** was a pact signed in Berlin, Germany, on September 27, 1940, which set up the Axis Powers of World War II. On that date, it was signed by three countries: Germany, Italy, and Japan.

The pact was later joined by Hungary (November 20, 1940), Romania (November 23, 1940), Slovakia (November 24, 1940), Bulgaria (March 1, 1941), Yugoslavia (March 25, 1941) and Croatia (April 10, 1941). Japan included some countries that were under its control.

The countries that signed the pact agreed to give ten years of political, economic, and military help to one another. Also, if any country that signed the pact was attacked by another other country that had not joined the war, such as the United States or the Soviet Union, all of the other countries in the pact countries would declare war and help.

In 1943, the pact began to fall. Many countries had ended the war or joined the Allies. Although the pact remained in effect until Japan's surrender in August 1945, Germany's surrender three months earlier had made the pact meaningless.

### Subsequent

- (for two days)

## Related pages

- Anti-Comintern Pact

## Other websites

- The text of the Tripartite Pact
The Scientist (song)

"**The Scientist**" is the second single from British alternative rock band Coldplay's second album, _A Rush of Blood to the Head_. The song was written by all the band members for the album together. It is built around a piano ballad. Its lyrics tell the story about a man's desire to love and about an apology. The song was released in the United Kingdom as the second single from _A Rush of Blood to the Head_ and reached number 10 in the UK Charts. It was released in the United States as the third single and reached number 18 on _Billboard's_ Modern Rock Tracks.

Critics praised "The Scientist". Several remixes of the track have been made. Its riff has been widely sampled. The single's music video won three MTV Music Video Awards, for the video's use of reverse narrative. The song was also featured on the band's 2003 live album _Live 2003_.

On May 19, 2011, a cover of the song by Mike Posner was leaked.

The song was used by WWE in a tribute to Macho Man Randy Savage that aired on Raw and Smackdown just a few days after his death on May 20, 2011.

## Composition

"The Scientist" is a melancholic, piano-driven ballad that was written in the key of F major.

## Track listing

1. "The Scientist" - 5:11
1. "1.36" - 2:05
1. "I Ran Away" - 4:26
- "1.36" features Tim Wheeler of Ash on guitar.

### DVD

1. "The Scientist" (Edit)
1. "The Scientist" (video running backwards)
1. "Lips Like Sugar" (Live)

## Charts

|Chart (2002)|Peak Position|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Canadian Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|6||
|Australia ARIA Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|40||
|Dutch Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|20||
|Italy Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|23||
|Irish Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|15||
|align='left'|Polish Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|1|
|UK Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|10||
|US _Billboard_ Hot Modern Rock Tracks|style="text-align:center;"|18||
|Austrian Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|8||
|German Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|26||
|Swiss Singles Chart|style="text-align:center;"|84||

## Notes

- Roach, Martin (2003). _Coldplay: Nobody Said It Was Easy_. Omnibus Press. .

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: The Scientist
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Coldplay
- **album**: A Rush of Blood to the Head
- **b-side**: "1.36"
"I Ran Away"
- **released**: 11 November 2002 <small>(U.K.)</small>
15 April 2003 <small>(U.S.)</small>
- **genre**: Alternative rock, soft rock
- **length**: 5:09 (album version)
4:26 (radio edit)
- **label**: Parlophone <small>(UK)</small>
Capitol Records, Capitol <small>(US)</small>
- **writer**: Guy Berryman, Jonny Buckland, Will Champion, Chris Martin
- **producer**: Ken Nelson (British record producer), Ken Nelson
Coldplay
- **prev title**: In My Place
- **prev year**: 2002
- **next title**: Clocks (song), Clocks
- **next year**: 2003
Rhineland

The **Rhinelands** used to mean an area on both banks of the Rhine, in Central Europe, but the **Rhineland** (or **Rheinland** in German) is now a general word for areas of Germany along the middle and the lower Rhine. It borders Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands to the west and the Rhine to the east.

After the French were defeated in the early 19th century, the German - and the Dutch-speaking areas in the middle and the lower Rhine were added to the Kingdom of Prussia and were called the **Rhine Province** (or **Rhenish Prussia**).

After World War I, the western part of Rhineland was under Allied control and demilitarized, with no military activities allowed, under the Treaty of Versailles. German forces sent armies back to it in 1936, three years before World War II began. Still, to this day, the **Rhinelands** remain a part of Germany.
Handstand

A **handstand** is the act of holding the body upside down balancing on the hands. The body is held straight with arms and legs fully extended. The hands are placed about shoulder-width apart. A handstand performer must have balance and upper body strength.

Handstands are used in many activities, including acro dance, acrobatics, cheerleading and gymnastics. Some types of handstand are performed on all gymnastic equipment. Many tumbling skills pass through a handstand position as part of the action. Breakdancers use handstands in freezes and kicks. Sometimes a handstand is used as a starting position for diving. In games or contests, swimmers will sometimes do underwater handstands on pool bottoms with legs and feet extended above the water.

Handstands are known by various other names. In yoga, the handstand is known as _Adho Mukha Vrksasana_ (pronounced AHD-hoh MOOK-hah vrik-SHAH-sah-nah) translating to Downward-facing Tree Pose, and in capoeira it is named bananeira.

## Types

There are two basic handstands used in modern gymnastics: _curved-back_ and _straight-back_. Straight-back style is used when straight body lines are wanted and possible. In many cases the curved-back style is better as it has much better control over balance. Balance is kept by shifting body weight towards the fingers or the heel of the hand.

All basic handstands have these features:
- **Straight arms** with hands placed on the ground about shoulder-width apart.
- **Straight legs**, held together.
- **Pointed toes** so as to continue the lines of the legs.

Straight-back handstands have these characteristics:
- **Tucked head** (face pointed forward) as if standing upright.
- **Straight spine**, with hips pushed forward. If performed while lying flat, this would cause the small of the back to contact ground.

## Variations

Common handstand variations include:
- Straight legs held in a side or front split.
- _Stag split_, in which legs are front split with bent knees.
- Back very arched, with bent knees and toes touching the back of the head.
- Hollowback, with the back bent so that legs go further forward than the head.
- One-handed, in which only one hand contacts the ground.
- Handstand pushups, in which one raises and lowers the body while standing inverted on the hands.

## Related pages

- Diving
- Gymnastics
Globular cluster

A **globular cluster** is a group of stars of a similar age which orbits the central bulge of a galaxy. Gravity holds clusters together and gives them their spherical shape. Towards the centre of such clusters, there are many stars in a relatively small space.

Globular clusters occur in the halo of a galaxy and in its disk. Those in the halo contain many more stars and are much older than the less dense open clusters in the disk. Globular clusters are fairly common: there are about 150 to 158 known globular clusters in the Milky Way. Large galaxies can have more: Andromeda may have as many as 500.

Some giant elliptical galaxies, particularly those at the centres of galaxy clusters, such as M87, have as many as 10,000 globular clusters. These globular clusters orbit the galaxy out to huge distances, 40 kiloparsecs (approximately 131,000 light-years) or more.

Every galaxy of sufficient mass in the Local Group has its group of globular clusters, and almost every large galaxy surveyed has  a system of globular clusters. The Sagittarius Dwarf and Canis Major Dwarf galaxies appear to be in the process of donating their associated globular clusters (such as Palomar 12) to the Milky Way. This demonstrates how many of this galaxy's globular clusters might have been acquired in the past.

## Observation history

|Cluster name|Discovered by|Year||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align: center;"|M22|Abraham Ihle|1665|
|style="text-align: center;"|ω Cen|Edmond Halley|1677|
|style="text-align: center;"|M5|Gottfried Kirch|1702|
|style="text-align: center;"|M13|Edmond Halley|1714|
|style="text-align: center;"|M71|Philippe Loys de Chéseaux|1745|
|style="text-align: center;"|M4|Philippe Loys de Chéseaux|1746|
|style="text-align: center;"|M15|Jean-Dominique Maraldi|1746|
|style="text-align:  center;"|M2|Jean-Dominique Maraldi|1746|

The first globular cluster discovered was M22 in 1665, but individual stars in a globular cluster were not seen until Charles Messier observed M4. The first eight globular clusters discovered are shown in the table. The _M_ before a number refers to the catalogue of Charles Messier, while _NGC_ is from the New General Catalogue.

William Herschel began a survey program in 1782 using larger telescopes and was able to resolve the stars in all 33 of the known globular clusters. In addition he found 37 additional clusters. In Herschel's 1789 catalog of deep sky objects, his second such, he became the first to use the name _globular cluster_ as their description.

The number of globular clusters discovered continued to increase, reaching 83 in 1915, 93 in 1930 and 97 by 1947. A total of 152 globular clusters have now been found in the Milky Way galaxy, out of probably 180 ± 20. The additional, undiscovered globular clusters are believed to be hidden behind the gas and dust of the Milky Way.
Boomerang (roller coaster)

**Boomerang** is a coaster type made by Vekoma, named after the original boomerang. The first Boomerang began operation in 1984 at Rafaela Padilla in Puebla, México (which has since been moved to Six Flags México), and it has become one of the most repeated roller coaster designs in the world, with 41 Boomerangs operating as of 2011, another two "Standing but not operating" or in storage, and one currently under construction.

## Information

The Boomerang operates with one train with 7 cars, each capable of carrying 4 people (28 people per train). The ride starts with the train being pulled backwards out of the station, up a lift hill by a catch-car. When the catch-car reaches the end of the lift hill, it releases the train, which rolls down through the station, then into a cobra roll. After the cobra roll, it goes through a loop after which it clicks onto a chain on the second lift hill. When the train reaches the end of the second lift hill, the chain is moved down, which causes the train to roll down (as it is not attached to the chain anymore) and do the same track backwards.

## Problems

Boomerang coasters have sometimes stalled, often in the cobra Roll element. As a precaution, many Boomerang coasters, are built with an access platform just under the cobra roll. Also, sometimes the train gets stuck on the second lift hill.

## Other websites

- Boomerang page on the Vekoma website
- Listing of Boomerang roller coasters at the Roller coaster database.
- Listing of Invertigo roller coasters at the Roller coaster database.
- Listing of Giant Inverted Boomerang roller coasters at the Roller coaster database.
- Detailed Technical Article about Boomerang Roller Coasters

## Infobox (attraction model)

- **name**: Boomerang
- **image**: vekomaboomerang.jpg
- **imagedimensions**: 250px
- **caption**: Boomerang at Wild Adventures
- **status**: Discontinued
- **first produced**: 1984
- **no. of installations**: 55
- **manufacturer**: Vekoma
- **height m**: 35.51
- **length m**: 285
- **speed mph**: 47
- **gforce**: 5.2
- **capacity**: 760
- **duration**: About 1 min 48 sec
- **restraint**: Over-the-shoulder
- **custom label 1**: Inversions
- **custom value 1**: 6 [3 on track, but each run traverses the track twice]
- **rcdb number**: 8191
Semiprime number

In number theory, a natural number is called **semiprime** if it can be written as the product of two prime numbers. The two numbers do not need to be different. A semiprime can also be the square of a prime number. Such numbers are very useful for cryptography.
Bit rate

**Bit rate** (also called **bitrate**, **data rate**, or _R_) is how fast bits of data move from one place to another. It is measured in bits per second (bit/s).

It is different from symbol rate and bandwidth, but part of the same group.

## Related pages

- Bandwidth (computing)
Renal disease

**Renal disease** is the name for a disease or condition that mainly affects the kidneys. Medical words for renal disease are **nephropathy** or **nephrosis**.

There are many possible causes of renal disease, including:
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Some pain medicines which affect how well the kidneys work, if they are taken over a longer time period
- If a person has an organ transplantation, certain drugs need to be taken to keep the immune system from attacking the new organ. These often affect the kidneys.
- Certain diseases, like from eating bread contaminated with Aristolochic acid
- Certain viruses, such as HIV
If renal disease gets bad enough, it can cause renal failure, where the kidneys do not work at all.
Florida, Chile

**Florida** is a city and commune in Chile with 10067 inhabitants and an area of 609 square kilometres, all according to the census on 2002. The city is located at 42 kilometres to the eastern of Concepción.

## History

The city was founded on 1755 by Antonio de Seravia.

## Other websites

- Municipality of the city of Florida (Chile)

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Florida
- **settlement type**: List of towns in Chile, Town and Communes of Chile, Commune
- **image skyline**: Florida (Chile).JPG
- **image flag**: Bandera de Florida (Chile).svg
- **flag alt**: Flag
- **image shield**: Escudo de Florida (Chile).svg
- **shield alt**: Coat of arms
- **image map**: Comuna de Florida.svg
- **mapsize**: 175px
- **map alt**: Location of Florida commune in the Biobío Region
- **map caption**: Location of Florida commune in the Biobío Region
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Chile
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Chile, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Biobío Region, Biobío
- **subdivision type2**: Provinces of Chile, Province
- **subdivision name2**: Concepción Province, Concepción
- **government type**: Municipality
- **leader title**: Alcalde
- **leader name**: Juan Vergara Reyes
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 608.6
- **population as of**: 2002 Census
- **population total**: 10177
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Urban area, Urban
- **population blank1**: 3875
- **population blank2 title**: Rural area, Rural
- **population blank2**: 6302
- **demographics type1**: Sex
- **demographics1 title1**: Men
- **demographics1 info1**: 5231
- **demographics1 title2**: Women
- **demographics1 info2**: 4946
- **timezone**: Time in Chile, CLT
- **utc offset**: -4
- **timezone dst**: Time in Chile, CLST
- **utc offset dst**: -3
- **area code**: 56 +
- **website**: [http://www.muniflorida.cl/ Municipality of Florida]
Lions Gate Entertainment

**Lions Gate Entertainment**, more often known as **Lionsgate**, is a Canadian-American motion picture and television company. It was formed in Vancouver in 1995, and is currently headquartered in Santa Monica, California. As of 2007, it is the most commercially successful independent movie and television distribution company in North America.

Lionsgate produces movies that major American studios would not accept because they are too controversial or too disturbing for major studios. Movies produced by Lionsgate include the _Saw_ franchise, _Kick-Ass_, Tyler Perry films and many other movies.

### Powerhouse of Entertainment

**Powerhouse of Entertainment** (formerly **Entertainment Partners Ltd**) is an American independent licensee, producer and distributor of entertainment programming and film and television productions in North America, with approximately 3,000,000,000 all media titles in domestic release, and approximately 450 programs internationally via sublicense agreements. For many of its titles, Image has exclusive audio and broadcast rights as well as digital download rights to approximately 2,100 video programs and over 400 audio programs containing more than 6,000 tracks. The company is headquartered between Burbank, California and Chatsworth, California.

### MGM/MCA

**MGM/MCA** is an American entertainment company. It was formed on July 10, 1997, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and is currently headquartered in Santa Monica, California
Languages of South Africa

South Africa has eleven official languages.  They are Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sesotho, Swazi, Setswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu. Most South Africans (over 99%) speak one of these languages as a first language. Most South Africans can speak more than one language.  Prior to 1994, South Africa had only two official languages, English and Afrikaans.

All the official languages are equally spoken and recognized everywhere in South Africa even though they are dominant in their respective provinces. Sesotho(Southern Sotho) is dominant in the Free State Province, Setswana(Northern Cape and North West Province), Sepedi(Northern Sotho), Tshivenda and Xitsonga in Limpopo Province, isiZulu in KwaZulu Natal province, isiXhosa in Eastern/Western Cape Province. English and Afrikaans is common in all the provinces as English is a medium of instruction. Due to people migrating to different provinces in pursuit for work, there is always a chance you'll find multiple languages spoken in certain regions however a dominant language with respect to that province will prevail.

The English version of the South African constitution calls each of these languages by its name in that language. Sotho is called Sesotho, Tswana is called Setswana, Pedi is called Sepedi, Zulu is called _isiZulu_, Xhosa language is called _isiXhosa_, and so on. The languages listed in the constitution are: Sesotho(Southern Sotho), Setswana(Tswana), Sepedi(Northern Sotho), isiZulu (Zulu), isiXhosa (Xhosa), Afrikaans (Afrikaans), English (English), Xitsonga (Tsonga), Siswati (Swati), Tshivenda (Venda), and isiNdebele (Southern Ndebele).

In South Africa, Southern Ndebele is known simply as _Ndebele_, since most speakers of Northern Ndebele live in Zimbabwe.  The 1993 version of the Constitution referred to Northern Sotho as _Sesotho sa Leboa_, but the 1996 version called it _Sepedi_. Different government departments and official organizations use different names for Northern Sotho.

The main language of government is English. Afrikaans and English are both important languages used in commerce. Most rich South Africans speak Afrikaans and English.

Two of the official languages are West Germanic languages (English and Afrikaans). The other nine languages are Bantu languages. Four of the Bantu languages are part of the Nguni family (Zulu, Xhosa, Swati, Ndebele). Three of the Bantu languages are Sotho-Tswana languages (Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Setswana). Tsonga is a Tswa-Ronga language. South Africa also has a national sign language, South African Sign Language.

## Other websites

- Introduction to the languages of South Africa
- Ethnologue Listing of South African Languages
- PanAfriL10n page on South Africa
- Statistics SA