juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Lohnstorf

**Lohnstorf** was a municipality in Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020, the municipalities Kirchenthurnen, Lohnstorf and Mühlethurnen joined together to become the new municipality Thurnen.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lohnstorf
- **municipality name**: Lohnstorf
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Lohnstorf COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Lohnstorf.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Bern-Mittelland (administrative district), Bern-Mittelland
- **postal code**: 3127
- **municipality code**: 0874
- **area**: 1.8
- **elevation**: 570
- **population**: 218
- **populationof**: Dec 2012
- **popofyear**: 2012
- **website**: www.lohnstorf.ch
- **mayor**: Fritz Harri
- **neighboring municipalities**: Burgistein, Kirchdorf, Switzerland, Kirchdorf, Mühlethurnen, Riggisberg
Lotzwil

**Lotzwil** is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lotzwil
- **municipality name**: Lotzwil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Lotzwil COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Oberaargau (administrative district), Oberaargau
- **postal code**: 4932
- **municipality code**: 0331
- **area**: 6.20
- **elevation**: 504
- **population**: 2514
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **website**: www.lotzwil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bleienbach, Busswil bei Melchnau, Langenthal, Switzerland, Langenthal, Madiswil, Obersteckholz, Rütschelen
- **twintowns**: Vetrní, Vetrni (Czech Republic)
Loveresse

**Loveresse** is a municipality of the administrative district Jura bernois in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Loveresse
- **municipality name**: Loveresse
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Loveresse COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Loveresse.png
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Jura bernois (administrative district), Jura bernois
- **postal code**: 2732
- **municipality code**: 0696
- **area**: 4.64
- **elevation**: 761
- **population**: 315
- **populationof**: Dec 2011
- **popofyear**: 2011
- **website**: www.loveresse.ch
- **mayor**: Pascal Balli
- **mayor title**: Maire
- **neighboring municipalities**: Malleray, Pontenet Reconvilier, Saules, Switzerland, Saules, Souboz
Brevet (military)

A **brevet** in most militaries is a promotion to a higher rank without the increase in pay or full privileges. It is often given as an honor. It was a term borrowed from the British during the American Revolutionary War and used in the Continental Army. Since that time the United States Congress has had several reasons for granting brevet ranks. In some of these instances the officer received the higher pay of the breveted rank. The term brevet comes from the Latin words _breve_ and _brevia_ meaning a legal brief.

## Early French armies

In the early history, the King of France would call on his feudal lords for troops. These feudal lords raised armies and appointed officers, but they did not have the authority to give a rank in the king's army. The king would give a commissioned rank to leaders that would be recognized throughout his army by the use of Letters patent or brevet. Soon all French officers from a cornet (sub-lieutenant) to the Marshal of France received their commission in this way. They came to be styled _Officers a'Brevet_. The official document granting the brevet was called a _brevet d'invention_.

## British army

The British army that served in the American colonies during the American Revolution were made up of mostly infantry regiments. During the war the strength (numbers) of infantry regiments varied. The actual strength was usually not the established strength. But in general, a regiment at the time averaged about 500 soldiers. Regiments were then divided into ten companies usually of equal size. Each company had three officers and was commanded by a captain. Three of these company captains also held a higher rank in the regiment. These included the colonel, the lieutenant colonel and the major. Collectively these three were called "field officers". So in actuality, each regiment had three field officers and seven captains for a total of ten. On muster rolls it was not unusual to see an officer listed as "Major and Captain". But usually, only the higher of the officer's two ranks were used. But, whereas companies were commanded by captains, it is sometime curious to see mention of something like "Lt. Col. Campbell's company" (instead of Captain Campbell's company).

## American Civil war

In 1861, during the American Civil War, graduates of West Point were given commissions in the Union Army as brevet 2nd lieutenants. This was because there were not enough vacancies to commission them as 2nd lieutenants. Many officers have held brevet commissions for gallant actions, meritorious service or to serve in a staff position when their permanent rank did not allow it. After the war there were thousands of brevet officers. Of the 1,978 Civil War generals, 1,700 were brevet Brigadier generals or Major generals, most with a date of rank of 13 March 1865. Many, Like George Armstrong Custer held the brevet rank of major general, but wanting to remain in the army after the war was returned to his permanent rank of captain.
Parinacota Province

**Parinacota Province** () is a province of Chile. It belongs to the Arica and Parinacota region (XV), the northernmost and the newest of the Chilean regions. Its capital is Putre.

It is named after the Parinacota volcano.

## History

The Arica and Parinacota region was created on 8 October 2007 under Law 20.175, promulgated on March 23, 2007. The law divided the former _Tarapacá_ region into two: the northern portion became the XV Arica y Parinacota Region, and the southern portion remained the I Tarapacá Region.

## Geography

The Parinacota province has an area of .

Parinacota borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the east, the Tamarugal province in the Tarapacá region to the south and the Arica province to the west.

## Population

(last national census), there were 3,156 people (2,106 men and 1,050 women) living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The largest town of the province is Putre, its  capital, with a population, in 2002, of 1,498  inhabitants.

## Administration

As a province, Parinacota is a second-level administrative division, consisting of two communes (_comunas_): General Lagos in the northern portion and Putre in the south. The town of Putre is the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

|Code|Comuna|Capital|Area <small>(km²)</small>|Population <small>(2002)</small>|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|15201|Putre|Putre|align="right"|5,902.5|align="right"|1,977|
|15202|General Lagos|General Lagos|align="right"|2,244.4|align="right"|1,179|
|colspan=3 align="right"|**Total of the Parinacota province**|align="right"|8,146.9|align="right"|3,156||

## Other websites

- Municipality of Parinacota website
- Official website of the Local Government
- Arica Region

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Parinacota Province
- **native name**: Provincia de Parinacota
- **native name lang**: es
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Chile, Province
- **image seal**: Logotipo de la Gobernación de Parinacota.svg
- **image map**: Provincia de Parinacota.svg
- **mapsize**: 175px
- **map alt**: Location in Arica y Parinacota Region
- **map caption**: Location in Arica y Parinacota Region
- **pushpin map**: Chile
- **pushpin map narrow**: yes
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Chile
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Chile, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Arica y Parinacota Region, Arica and Parinacota
- **parts type**: Communes of Chile, Comunas
- **parts**: General Lagos
Putre
- **named for**: Parinacota Volcano
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Putre
- **government type**: Province, Provincial
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Roberto Lau Suárez
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 8146.9
- **population total**: 3156
- **population as of**: 2002 Census
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Time in Chile, CLT
- **utc offset**: -4
- **timezone dst**: Time in Chile, CLST
- **utc offset dst**: -3
- **area code**: 56 + 58
- **website**: [http://www.gobernacionparinacota.gov.cl/ Official website]
Abbas Kiarostami

**Abbas Kiarostami** ( ; 22 June 1940 – 4 July 2016) was an Iranian movie director, screenwriter, photographer and movie producer.

He was known for making documentaries or short movies. His best known works are the _Koker trilogy_ (1987–94), _Close-Up_ (1990), _Taste of Cherry_ (1997) and _The Wind Will Carry Us_ (1999). In his later works, _Certified Copy_ (2010) and _Like Someone in Love_.

Kiarostami died at a Paris hospital on 4 July 2016 from gastrointestinal cancer, aged 76.

Kiarostami's cinematic style is characterized by realism, minimalism, ambiguity, metafiction, poetic imagery, and humanistic themes, reflecting empathy and simplicity. He was known for innovative techniques and collaborative filmmaking.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Abbas Kiarostami
- **native name**: عباس کیارستمی
- **native name lang**: fa
- **image**: Abbas Kiarostami-Murcia (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Kiarostami in 2013
- **birth place**: Tehran, Iran
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **alma mater**: University of Tehran
- **nationality**: Iranian
- **occupation**: Director, screenwriter, producer
- **years active**: 1962–2016
- **notable works**: _Where Is the Friend's Home?_, **', **',_Taste of Cherry_
- **style**: Documentary, spirituality, individualism, poetry and imagery
Kathryn Beaumont

**Kathryn Beaumont** (born 27 June 1938) is an English actress, singer and school teacher who is best known for providing Disney animated films with the voices of both Alice in _Alice in Wonderland_ (1951); and Wendy Darling in _Peter Pan_ (1953) for which she was named a Disney Legend in 1998.

Beaumont retired as the voice of Alice and Wendy in 2005, her roles as these two characters was taken over by Hynden Walch since 2005.

## Personal life

She was married to Allan Levine 1981. Divorced 2010, no children

## Filmography

- _It Happened One Sunday_ (1944) — Jill Buckland
- _On an Island with You_ (1948) — Penelope Peabody
- _The Secret Garden_ (1949) — Muriel
- _Challenge to Lassie_ (1949) — Tenement Child
- _One Hour in Wonderland_ (1950) — Herself/Alice
- _Operation Wonderland_ (1951) — Herself/Alice
- _The Fred Waring Show_ (1951) — Alice
- _Alice in Wonderland_ (1951) — Alice
- _Peter Pan_ (1953) — Wendy Darling
- _TV Reader's Digest_ (1955) — Priscilla Mullins (The Voyage of Captain Tom Jones, the Pirate)
- _From All of Us to All of You_ (1958) — Alice, Wendy
- _Disney's Villains' Revenge_ (1999) (video game) — Alice
- _Kingdom Hearts_ (2002) (video game) — Alice, Wendy Darling
- _Disney's House of Mouse_ (2002) — Alice (in two episodes, "Mickey vs Shelby" and "Dining Goofy")
- _101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure_ (2003) — Crystal
- _The Incredibles_ (2004) — Squeaker's Owner
- _Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep_ (2010) (video game) — Kairi's Grandma
- _Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 Remix_ (2013) (video game, archive footage)  - Alice, Wendy Darling

## Other websites

- Official website
- Kathryn Beaumont at the Disney Legends Website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kathryn Beaumont
- **birth place**: London, United Kingdom
- **education**: University of Southern California
- **occupation**: Actress, singer, school teacher
- **years active**: 1944–2005, 2010
- **notable works**: _Alice in Wonderland (1951 film), Alice in Wonderland_ (1951)
 _Peter Pan (1953 film), Peter Pan_ (1953)
- **awards**: Disney Legends, Disney Legend (1998)
Parinacota Volcano

**Parinacota** or **Parina Quta** (from Aymara _parina_ flamingo, _quta_ lake, "flamingo lake") is a massive dormant  volcano (a stratovolcano) on the border of Chile and Bolivia.

## History

The first ascent of this peak was made by Carlos Terán, Bolivian, and Joseph Prem, Austrian on 12 December 1928.

## Geography

It is part of the Payachata volcanic group formed by the Parinacota together with the Pleistocene peak of Pomerape.

The volcano and Pomerape straddle the border between Sajama National Park (Oruro Department, Bolivia) and Lauca National Park (Parinacota Province, Chile).

## Related pages

- List of volcanoes

## Other websites

- Andeshandbook: A Complete Description, history, place names and routes of Parinacota
- Parinacota at SummitPost.org

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Parinacota
 Parina Quta
- **photo**: Parinacota volcano chungara lake cl.jpg
- **photo caption**: Parinacota and Chungará Lake
- **elevation m**: 6342
- **prominence m**: 1989
- **map**: Bolivia
- **map caption**: Location in Bolivia, on the border with Chile
- **map size**: 240
- **label position**: right
- **listing**: Ultra prominent peak, Ultra
- **location**: Bolivia – Chile border
- **range**: Andes
- **type**: Stratovolcano
- **volcanic arc/belt**: Central Volcanic Zone
- **last eruption**: 290 Common Era, CE ± 300 years
- **first ascent**: 1928
- **easiest route**: snow/rock scramble
Steven Adams

**Steven Funaki Adams** (born 20 July 1993) is a New Zealand professional basketball player. He currently plays for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He formerly played for NBA team Oklahoma City Thunder from 2013 to 2020. He also played for the Wellington Saints of the New Zealand National Basketball League in 2011.

Adams was born in Rotorua. He was born to a Tongan mother and an English father. His father, Sid Adams, served in the Royal Navy and later moved to New Zealand. Sid had 18 children with five women. His siblings include champion shot putter Valerie Adams, NBL players Warren and Sid Jr., and para-athlete Lisa Adams.
Enes Kanter Freedom

**Enes Kanter Freedom** (born **Enes Kanter**; May 20, 1992) is a Turkish former professional basketball player and human rights activist. He played the center position. He played parts of eleven seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played for the Utah Jazz, Oklahoma City Thunder, New York Knicks, Portland Trail Blazers, Boston Celtics, and Portland Trail Blazers.

Kanter has been an outspoken critic of Turkey president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, calling him the "Hitler of our century" after the failed 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt.

On May 26, 2017, the Turkish government cancelled Kanter's passport and issued a warrant for his arrest because of Kanter's membership with the Hizmet movement. On January 19, 2023, the Turkish government would put Kanter on a terrorist list and put a $500,600 bounty on him. Kanter responded by saying that "The only thing I terrorize is the basketball rim."

On November 29, 2021, Kanter would legally change his name to Enes Kanter Freedom. He also became an American citizen on the same day.

## Infobox (basketball biography)

- **name**: Enes Kanter Freedom
- **image**: Enes Kanter (51687645921) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Kanter with the Boston Celtics in 2021
- **position**: Center (basketball), Center
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 250
- **number**: 00
- **birth place**: Zürich, Switzerland
- **nationality**: Turkish/American
- **high school**: Stoneridge Preparatory School
(Simi Valley, California)
- **draft year**: 2011
- **draft round**: 1
- **draft pick**: 3
- **draft team**: Utah Jazz
- **career start**: 2008
- **career end**: 2022
- **years1**: 2008–2009
- **team1**: Fenerbahçe Men's Basketball, Fenerbahçe
- **years2**: –
- **team2**: Utah Jazz
- **years3**: –
- **team3**: Oklahoma City Thunder
- **years4**: –present
- **team4**: New York Knicks
- **team5**: Portland Trail Blazers
- **team6**: Boston Celtics
- **team7**: Portland Trail Blazers
- **team8**: Boston Celtics
- **highlights**: * FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship#MVP Awards (since 1998), FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship MVP (2009 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, 2009)
* Albert Schweitzer Tournament Most Talented Player (2008)
- **nba profile**: enes_kanter
- **bbr**: kanteen01
Param Vir Chakra

The **Param Vir Chakra** (**PVC**) is India's highest military decoration awarded for the highest degree of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy. The medal has been awarded 21 times, 14 of which were posthumous awards.

Literally Param Vir Chakra means "Wheel (or Cross) of the Ultimate Brave", it is equal to the Medal of Honor in the United States and the Victoria Cross in the United Kingdom.

Instituted on 26 January 1950, by the President of India, with effect from 15 August 1947, this award can also be awarded posthumously. Officers or enlisted personnel from all branches of the Indian Armed Forces are eligible for the award. Recipients of the decoration have the right to use PVC as a postnominal abbreviation.

There is a provision for the award of a bar for a second (or subsequent) awards of the Param Vir Chakra, with a replica of the Vajra, the weapon of Indra, the god of heaven. However, no one has received it to date.

## Infobox (military award)

- **name**: Param Vir Chakra
- **image**:

- **caption**: Param Vir Chakra and its ribbon, the highest military decoration of India
- **status**: Currently awarded
- **type**: Medal
- **eligibility**: Officers, men and women of all ranks of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, of any of the Reserve Forces, of the Territorial Army Militia and of any other lawfully constituted Armed Forces.
- **for**: Most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice, in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea, or in the air.
- **established**: 26 January 1950
- **first award**: 3 November 1947
- **last award**: 6 July 1999
- **total**: 21
- **post-nominals**: PVC
- **posthumous**: 14
- **recipients**: 21
- **higher**: Bharat Ratna
- **lower**: Ashoka Chakra Award, Ashoka Chakra
- **image2**:
- **caption2**: The three living recipients of the Param Vir Chakra Award: Yogendra Singh Yadav, Bana Singh and Sanjay Kumar (soldier), Sanjay Kumar
Robin Hardy

**Robin St. Clair Rimington Hardy** (2 October 1929 – 1 July 2016) was an English screenwriter and movie director. His most famous directorial work is the 1973 movie _The Wicker Man_.

## Other websites

- Interview in MungBeing Magazine

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robin Hardy
- **birth name**: Robin St. Clair Rimington Hardy
- **birth place**: Surrey, England
- **occupation**: Movie director, screenwriter
Caroline Aherne

**Caroline Mary Aherne** (24 December 1963 – 2 July 2016) was an English comedian and BAFTA Award-winning writer and actress. She grew up in Wythenshawe. She was best known for performing as the chat show host _Mrs Merton_. She was also known for her roles in _the Fast Show_, and as lead in _the Royle Family_, a show that she co-wrote.

On 2 July 2016, Aherne died at her home in Timperley, Greater Manchester from throat cancer at the age of 52.
Roscoe Brown

**Roscoe C. Brown, Jr.** (March 9, 1922 – July 2, 2016) was one of the Tuskegee Airmen and a squadron commander of the 100th Fighter Squadron of the 332nd Fighter Group. He served in the U.S. Army Air Forces in Europe during World War II.  During this period, Captain Brown shot down an advanced German Me-262 jet fighter and a FW-190 fighter.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Roscoe Brown
- **image**: RoscoeBrownNYCT.jpg
- **caption**: Dr Brown speaks at the dedication of the Bus depots of the New York City Transit Authority#Tuskegee Airmen Depot, Tuskeege Airmen Bus Depot of MTA Regional Bus.
- **death place**: Riverdale, New York
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C.
- **allegiance**: United States
- **branch**: United States Army Air Corps, Army Air Corps
- **rank**: Captain
- **unit**: 100th Fighter Squadron of the 332nd Fighter Group
- **battles**: World War II
- **battles label**: Conflict
Rudolf E. Kálmán

**Rudolf** (**Rudi**) **Emil Kálmán** (; May 19, 1930 – July 2, 2016) was a Hungarian-born American electrical engineer, mathematician, and inventor.

He was known for his co-invention and development of the Kalman filter. It was a mathematical algorithm that is widely used in signal processing, control systems, and guidance, navigation and control. For this work, U.S. President Barack Obama awarded Kálmán the National Medal of Science on October 7, 2009.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Rudolf Emil Kálmán
- **image**: Rudolf Kalman.jpg
- **birth place**: Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary, Hungary
- **nationality**: Hungary, Hungarian-born
United States, American citizen
- **alma mater**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology;

Columbia University
- **doctoral advisor**: John Ragazzini
- **awards**: IEEE Medal of Honor
Rufus Oldenburger Medal <small>(1976)</small>
Kyoto Prize
Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award <small>(1997)</small>
National Medal of Science
Charles Stark Draper Prize
- **field**: Electrical Engineering;
 Mathematics;
 Applied Engineering Systems Theory
- **work institution**: Stanford University;
 University of Florida;
 ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
Robert Nye

**Robert Nye** FRSL (15 March 1939 – 2 July 2016) was an English poet and author. His bestselling novel _Falstaff_ was published in 1976. It was described by Michael Ratcliffe (writing in _The Times_) as "one of the most ambitious and seductive novels of the decade", and went on to win both The Hawthornden Prize and Guardian Fiction Prize.

The novel was also included in Anthony Burgess's _99 Novels: The Best in English Since 1939_ (1984).
Jack C. Taylor

**Jack Crawford Taylor** (April 14, 1922 – July 2, 2016) was an American businessman, philanthropist and billionaire. He founded the Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He was worth a US$8.6 billion as of February 2016.

Taylor died on July 2, 2016 in St. Louis, Missouri, aged 94.

## Other websites

- Forbes.com: Forbes 400 Richest Americans (2006)
- Fortune.com: How father & son built a company known for excellent customer service
- Washington University in St. Louis Magazine: A Man on a Mission
Michael Beaumont, 22nd Seigneur of Sark

**John Michael Beaumont** OBE (20 December 1927 – 3 July 2016) was the twenty-second Seigneur of Sark in the Channel Islands.

He worked as a civil engineer before replacing his paternal grandmother, Sibyl Hathaway, the 21st Dame of Sark, in 1974.

During his rule, Beaumont saw the loss of many feudal rights enjoyed by the seigneurs, and was consequently often described as the "last feudal baron".

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birth name**: John Michael Beaumont
- **title**: Seigneur of Sark
- **predecessor**: Sibyl Hathaway
- **successor**: Christopher Beaumont, 23rd Seigneur of Sark, Christopher Beaumont
- **term start**: 14 July 1974
- **term end**: 3 July 2016
- **image**: Michael Beaumont.jpg
- **caption**: Beaumont in July 2012
- **name**: Michael Beaumont
- **death place**: Sark
- **spouse**: Diana Beaumont
- **children**: Christopher Beaumont
Anthony Beaumont
- **parents**: Francis William Beaumont
Enid Beaumont
Roger Dumas

**Roger Dumas** (9 May 1932 – 2 July 2016) was a French actor and comedian. He appeared in more than 100 movies between 1954 and 2016. He was born in Annonay, Ardèche. He was known for his roles in _That Man from Rio_, _Le Concert_, and _The First Day of the Rest of Your Life_.

Dumas died in Paris, France on 2 July 2016, aged 84.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Roger Dumas.jpg
- **caption**: Dumas in 2011 at the Cabourg Film festival
- **name**: Roger Dumas
- **birth place**: Annonay, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1954–2016
Lou Fontinato

**Louis Joseph "Leapin' Louie" Fontinato** (January 20, 1932 – July 3, 2016) was a Canadian defenceman in the National Hockey League. He played with the New York Rangers from 1954 to 1961 and the Montreal Canadiens from 1961 to 1963.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **played for**: New York Rangers
Montreal Canadiens
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 185
- **birth place**: Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- **death place**: Guelph, ON, CAN
- **career start**: 1954
- **career end**: 1963
- **image**: 1958 Topps Lou Fontinato.JPG
- **image size**: 200px
Beatrice de Cardi

**Beatrice Eileen de Cardi** (5 June 1914 – 5 July 2016) was a British archaeologist. He worked in the study of the Persian Gulf and the Baluchistan region of Pakistan. She was president of the British Foundation for the Study of Arabia, and she was Secretary of the Council for British Archaeology from 1949 to 1973.

## Other websites

- Making history: the world's oldest archaeologist (_Independent Online_)
- "Better than Indiana Jones", a BBC short clip.
- "Leading TV historians pay tribute to “the world’s oldest archaeologist”", _Heritage Daily_, 25 February 2014

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Beatrice de Cardi
- **birth place**: London, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **field**: Archaeologist
Lüscherz

**Lüscherz** is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lüscherz
- **municipality name**: Lüscherz
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Lüscherz COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Lüscherz.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Seeland (administrative district), Seeland
- **postal code**: 2576
- **municipality code**: 0497
- **area**: 5.40
- **elevation**: 442
- **population**: 526
- **populationof**: Dec 2011
- **popofyear**: 2011
- **website**: www.luescherz.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Brüttelen, Finsterhennen, Hagneck, Ins, Switzerland, Ins, Siselen, Twann, Vinelz
Kim Chaek

**Kim Chaek** (Korea:김책, 金策; 14 August 1903 – January 31 1951) was a North Korean resistance activist, military leader, politician and poet. His realname was **Kim Hong-gye**(김홍계, 金洪啓). First Industry Minister of DPRK, September 2 1948 to January 31 1951. He was military leader of North Korea in the time of Korean War.

In his child years, his family went to Manchuria after 1926, he joined to communist organization. In 1925, he was study to Dongheung Middle school, but in 1927, dropped out of Middle School. In 1930s he was in a communist military organization and friend of Soviet Union. In September 2, 1948, he was appointed to Industry Minister of DPRK, until his death. In January 31, 1951, he died in battle at the time of Korean war, in Pyongyang. His death cause was myocardial infarction or wartime bombing.
UEFA Euro 2016 Final

The **UEFA Euro 2016 Final** was a football match that took place on 10 July 2016 at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, Île-de-France, France. The game determined the winner of the UEFA Euro 2016. The match was played with Portugal and France, and Portugal won the match with a goal from Éder at the 109th minute.

### Details

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="vertical-align:top; width:40%;"|{| style="font-size:90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"||||||
|GK|**1**|Rui Patrício|||||
|RB|**21**|Cédric|||||
|CB|**3**|Pepe|||||
|CB|**4**|José Fonte|||||
|LB|**5**|Raphaël Guerreiro|||||
|DM|**14**|William Carvalho|||||
|RW|**16**|Renato Sanches|||||
|AM|**23**|Adrien Silva|||||
|LW|**10**|João Mário|||||
|CF|**17**|Nani|||||
|CF|**7**|Cristiano Ronaldo (c)|||||
|colspan=3|**Substitutions:**||||||
|FW|**20**|Ricardo Quaresma|||||
|MF|**8**|João Moutinho|||||
|FW|**9**|Eder|||||
|colspan=3|**Manager:**||||||
|colspan=3|Fernando Santos|}|valign="top"||style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|{| style="font-size:90%; margin:auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"|
|GK|**1**|Hugo Lloris (c)|||||
|RB|**19**|Bacary Sagna|||||
|CB|**21**|Laurent Koscielny|||||
|CB|**22**|Samuel Umtiti|||||
|LB|**3**|Patrice Evra|||||
|RM|**18**|Moussa Sissoko|||||
|CM|**15**|Paul Pogba|||||
|CM|**14**|Blaise Matuidi|||||
|LM|**8**|Dimitri Payet|||||
|SS|**7**|Antoine Griezmann|||||
|CF|**9**|Olivier Giroud|||||
|colspan=3|**Substitutions:**||||||
|MF|**20**|Kingsley Coman|||||
|FW|**10**|André-Pierre Gignac|||||
|FW|**11**|Anthony Martial|||||
|colspan=3|**Manager:**||||||
|colspan=3|Didier Deschamps|}|||||

## Statistics

|scope="col" style="width:100px"|Statistic|scope="col" style="width:70px"|Portugal|scope="col" style="width:70px"|France|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|0|0|||||
|4|7|||||
|0|3|||||
|3|0|||||
|45%|55%|||||
|2|3|||||
|2|2|||||
|0|0|||||
|1|0|||||
|0|0|||||

|scope="col" style="width:100px"|Statistic|scope="col" style="width:70px"|Portugal|scope="col" style="width:70px"|France|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|0|0|||||
|2|10|||||
|1|4|||||
|4|2|||||
|48%|52%|||||
|1|3|||||
|7|4|||||
|0|1|||||
|1|1|||||
|0|0|||||

|scope="col" style="width:100px"|Statistic|scope="col" style="width:70px"|Portugal|scope="col" style="width:70px"|France|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|0|||||
|3|1|||||
|2|0|||||
|0|1|||||
|48%|52%|||||
|2|3|||||
|3|7|||||
|1|1|||||
|4|3|||||
|0|0|||||

|scope="col" style="width:100px"|Statistic|scope="col" style="width:70px"|Portugal|scope="col" style="width:70px"|France|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|0|||||
|9|18|||||
|3|7|||||
|7|3|||||
|47%|53%|||||
|5|9|||||
|12|13|||||
|1|2|||||
|6|4|||||
|0|0|||||

## Other websites

- UEFA Euro official website
Sperlinga

**Sperlinga** is a comune in the province of Enna, in the central part of Sicily. Sperlinga is about  above sea level. It is on a hill on the southern slopes of the Nebrodi mountains, about  north of Enna. It has a number of dwellings. The village has a large medieval castle, dating from Norman times.

In 2014 the population was 819 people. The main activity in the area is farming.

## History

The village is first mentioned (as "Sperlingua") in a document belonging to the Norman Count Roger from 1082. The castle is first mentioned in 1113.

It is believed that Sperlinga did not take part in the Sicilian Vespers, the bloody uprising against the Angevin French rulers of Sicily in 1282. The village may have offered them protection. There was an inscription over a door in the castle which read ,, meaning "what pleased the Sicilians, only Sperlinga denied".

From about 1360 Sperlinga was ruled by the Ventimiglia family. In 1597 it was sold for 30,834 ounces of gold to Giovanni Natoli.  Natoli was granted a _licentia populandi_ or "licence to populate" by the king of Sicily, Philip II of Spain, and was made Prince of Sperlinga in 1627. His son Francesco sold Sperlinga in 1656 to Giovanni Stefano Oneto, but kept the princely title. Oneto was made Duke of Sperlinga in 1666 by Charles II of Spain.

During the Allied invasion of Sicily, in the Second World War, Allied forces moved past Sperlinga to envelop Nicosia, a few kilometres to the south. They met strong resistance. After a show of force by American tanks, the Axis forces withdrew from Sperlinga and Nicosia during the night of 27 July 1943. Units of the American 16th Infantry Regiment entered Sperlinga the next morning.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Sperlinga
- **official name**: Comune di Sperlinga
- **image skyline**: Sperlinga (EN) - Castello.jpg
- **image shield**: Sperlinga-Stemma.png
- **province**: (EN)
- **mayor**: Saverio di Marco
- **area total km2**: 58
- **population total**: 819
- **population as of**: 2014
- **population demonym**: Sperlinghesi
- **elevation m**: 750
- **saint**: John the Baptist
- **day**: 24 June
- **postal code**: 94010
- **area code**: 0935
Lütschental

**Lütschental** is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official Website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lütschental
- **image photo**: 4969 - Lütschental - Schwarze Lütschine.JPG
- **municipality name**: Lütschental
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Lütschental COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Lütschental.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Interlaken-Oberhasli (administrative district), Interlaken-Oberhasli
- **postal code**: 3816
- **municipality code**: 0586
- **area**: 12.4
- **elevation**: 714
- **population**: 236
- **populationof**: Dec 2010
- **popofyear**: 2010
- **website**: www.luetschental.ch
- **mayor**: Werner Brawand
- **neighboring municipalities**: Grindelwald, Gündlischwand, Iseltwald, Lauterbrunnen
- **twintowns**: Bettlach, Switzerland, Bettlach (Switzerland)
Italy national under-21 football team

The **Italy national under-21 football team** is the national under-21 football team of Italy. They are the most successful team in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship (with 5 titles).

Andrea Pirlo has made the most appearances for the team, with 46, and Alberto Gilardino is the top scorer, with 19 goals.

## UEFA U-23 Championship Record

- 1972: _Did not qualify. Finished 2nd of 3 in qualification group._
- 1974: Losing quarter-finalists.
- 1976: _Did not qualify. Finished 2nd of 3 in qualification group._

## UEFA U-21 Championship Record

|Year|Round|
| --- | --- |
|1978|Quarter-Finals|
|1980|Quarter-Finals|
|1982|Quarter-Finals|
|1984|**Semi-finals**|
|1986|**Runners-up**|
|1988|Quarter-Finals|
|1990|**Semi-finals**|
|1992|**Winners**|
|1994|**Winners**|
|1996|**Winners**|
|1998|_Did not qualify_|
|2000|**Winners**|
|2002|**Semi-finals**|
|2004|**Winners**|
|2006|Group stage|
|2007|Group stage|
|2009|**Semi-finals**|
|2011|_Did not qualify_|
|2013|**Runners-up**|
|2015|Group stage|
|2017|**Semi-finals**|
|2019|Group stage|

## Olympics football Record

Since 1992 Olympics football changed to U-23 event, and the European U-21 teams, technically is a U-23 teams.
The winner, runner-up and third place of UEFA U-21 Championship qualify for Olympics.
- Before 1992: _See Italy national football team_
- 1992: Losing quarter-finalists.
- 1996: Group stage.
- 2000: Losing quarter-finalists.
- 2004: **Bronze Medal**.
- 2008: Losing quarter-finalists.
- 2012: _Did not qualify_.
- 2016: _Did not qualify_.
- 2020: _Did not qualify_

## Coaches

- 1976–1986: Azeglio Vicini
- 1986–1996: Cesare Maldini
- 1996–1997: Rossano Giampaglia
- 1997–2000: Marco Tardelli
- 2000–2006: Claudio Gentile
- 2006–2010: Pierluigi Casiraghi
- 2010–2012: Ciro Ferrara
- 2012–2013: Devis Mangia
- 2013–present: Luigi Di Biagio

## Related pages

- Italy national football team
- Football at the Summer Olympics

## Other websites

- UEFA Under-21 website Contains full results archive
- The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation Contains full record of U-21/U-23 Championships.
Lützelflüh

**Lützelflüh** is a municipality in the administrative district Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lützelflüh
- **municipality name**: Lützelflüh
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Lützelflüh COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Lützelflüh.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Emmental (administrative district), Emmental
- **postal code**: 3432
- **municipality code**: 0955
- **area**: 26.9
- **elevation**: 585
- **population**: 4052
- **populationof**: Dec 2012
- **popofyear**: 2012
- **website**: www.luetzelflueh.ch
- **mayor**: Beat Iseli
- **neighboring municipalities**: Hasle bei Burgdorf, Krauchthal, Landiswil, Oberburg, Rüderswil, Rüegsau, Sumiswald, Trachselwald, Walkringen
Lyssach

**Lyssach** is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website of Lyssach

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Lyssach
- **municipality name**: Lyssach
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Lyssach COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Lyssach.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Emmental (administrative district), Emmental
- **postal code**: 3421
- **municipality code**: 0415
- **area**: 6.1
- **elevation**: 516
- **population**: 1412
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **website**: www.lyssach.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Burgdorf, Switzerland, Burgdorf, Fraubrunnen, Hindelbank, Kernenried, Kirchberg, Bern, Kirchberg, Mötschwil, Rüdtligen-Alchenflüh, Rüti bei Lyssach
Madiswil

**Madiswil** is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

Since January 1, 2007, Gutenburg is part of the municipality. On 1 January 2011, Kleindietwil and Leimiswil were merged with the municipality of Madiswil.

## Other websites

- Official website of Madiswil

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Madiswil
- **municipality name**: Madiswil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Madiswil COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Oberaargau (administrative district), Oberaargau
- **postal code**: 4934
- **municipality code**: 0332
- **area**: 23.19
- **elevation**: 538
- **population**: 3149
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **website**: www.madiswil.ch
- **mayor**: Vreni Flückiger-Heiniger
- **neighboring municipalities**: Auswil, Busswil bei Melchnau, Gondiswil, Gutenburg, Switzerland, Gutenburg, Kleindietwil, Leimiswil, Lotzwil, Melchnau, Reisiswil, Rütschelen
Gutenburg, Switzerland

**Gutenburg** was a municipality in the Swiss canton of Bern.

On January 1, 2007, Gutenburg became part of the municipality of Madiswil.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Gutenburg
- **municipality name**: Gutenburg
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Gutenburg COA.svg
- **canton**: Bern
- **district**: Aarwangen (district), Aarwangen
- **municipality code**: 0327
- **postal code**: 4932
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **elevation**: 520
- **area**: 0.6
- **population**: 120
- **populationof**: January 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
Malleray

**Malleray** was a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Malleray, Bévilard and Pontenet merged into the new municipality of Valbirse.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Malleray
- **municipality name**: Malleray
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Malleray COA.svg
- **languages**: French
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Jura bernois (administrative district), Jura bernois
- **postal code**: 2735
- **municipality code**: 0697
- **area**: 10.35
- **elevation**: 699
- **population**: 1970
- **populationof**: Dec 2011
- **popofyear**: 2011
- **website**: www.malleray.ch
- **mayor**: Roberto Benasconi
- **mayor title**: Maire
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bévilard, Champoz, Loveresse, Péry, Pontenet, Reconvilier, Souboz
- **twintowns**: Tar, Hungary, Tar (Hungary)
Hämikon

**Hämikon** was a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Hämikon, Gelfingen, Mosen, Müswangen, Retschwil and Sulz merged into the municipality of Hitzkirch.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Hämikon
- **image photo**: Bauernstockli Hamikon.jpg
- **municipality name**: Hämikon
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Pic_Haemikon.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Lucerne
- **iso-code-region**: CH-LU
- **district**: Hochdorf (Amt), Hochdorf
- **postal code**: 6289
- **municipality code**: 1028
- **area**: 4.62
- **elevation**: 680
- **population**: 474
- **populationof**: December 2007
- **popofyear**: 2007
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aesch, Lucerne, Aesch, Altwis, Buttwil (AG), Hitzkirch, Müswangen, Schongau, Switzerland, Schongau, Sulz, Lucerne, Sulz
Hitzkirch

**Hitzkirch** is a municipality in Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009, Gelfingen, Hämikon, Mosen, Müswangen, Retschwil and Sulz joined Hitzkirch. On 1 January 2021, Altwis became a part of Hitzkirch.

## Other websites

- Official website of Hitzkirch

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Hitzkirch
- **image photo**: Hitzkirch.jpg
- **municipality name**: Hitzkirch
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: Hitzkirch LU.png
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Hitzkirch.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Lucerne
- **iso-code-region**: CH-LU
- **district**: Hochdorf (district), Hochdorf
- **postal code**: 6285
- **municipality code**: 1030
- **area**: 24.62
- **elevation**: 498
- **population**: 5151
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **website**: www.hitzkirch.ch
- **mayor**: Bruno Richli
- **neighboring municipalities**: Altwis, Ermensee, Gelfingen, Hämikon, Retschwil, Römerswil, Sulz, Lucerne, Sulz
Brief (law)

In law a **brief** is a formal written argument submitted to a court. It is in a format required by that particular court system. in civil law A brief generally contains the legal arguments in a lawsuit. In a criminal procedure briefs involve the state prosecuting one or more defendants for breaking one or more laws. In general, briefs contain references to the statutes, legal precedents and arguments applied to the facts for this particular case. When an attorney writes a brief, they are implicitly promising to give the court good reasons for ruling in favor of their client.

An **appellate brief** is a brief prepared for an appellate court. An _amicus curiae_, literally a "friend of the court", is a third party not involved in the case but who has a strong interest in the case. They may ask the court's permission to file an **amicus brief** in support of one of the parties.
Matten bei Interlaken

**Matten** is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Matten
- **municipality name**: Matten
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Matten bei Interlaken COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Interlaken-Oberhasli (administrative district), Interlaken-Oberhasli
- **postal code**: 3800
- **municipality code**: 0587
- **area**: 5.9
- **elevation**: 572
- **population**: 3781
- **populationof**: Dec 2010
- **popofyear**: 2010
- **website**: www.matten.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bönigen, Därligen, Gsteigwiler, Interlaken and Wilderswil
Letters patent

**Letters patent** (always in the plural) are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch, or government. They are generally used in granting an office, right, monopoly, title, or status to a person or corporation.  Letters patent can be used for the creation of corporations or government offices. They may be used for the granting of city status or a coat of arms. Letters patent are issued for the appointment of representatives of the Crown, such as Governors and Governors-General of Commonwealth realms. In the United Kingdom they are also issued for the creation of peers of the realm. A particular form of letters patent has evolved into the modern patent (referred to as a utility patent or design patent in United States patent law). This grants exclusive rights of an invention (or a design in the case of a design patent). In this case it is essential that the written grant should be in the form of a public document so other inventors can consult it to avoid infringement. It is also important to understand how to "practice" the invention or put it into practical use.

The opposite of letters patent are letters close. These are personal in nature and sealed so that only the recipient can read their contents. Letters patent are comparable to other kinds of open letters in that their audience is wide.
Mattstetten

**Mattstetten** is a municipality of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Mattstetten
- **municipality name**: Mattstetten
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Mattstetten COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Bern-Mittelland (administrative district), Bern-Mittelland
- **postal code**: 3322
- **municipality code**: 0543
- **area**: 3.8
- **elevation**: 516
- **population**: 556
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **website**: www.mattstetten.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bäriswil, Bern, Bäriswil, Bolligen, Hindelbank, Jegenstorf, Krauchthal, Münchringen, Urtenen-Schönbühl
Ravichandran Ashwin

**Ravichandran Ashwin** (born 17 September 1986 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu) is an Indian cricketer. He is a right arm spin bowler and a right-handed batter.

## Cricket statistics

Ravichandran Ashwin had played for Indian international cricket team, Chennai Super Kings (IPL), Rising Pune Supergiants (IPL), Tamil Nadu (Ranji trophy) etc. teams.

### Test cricket

Ashwin scored 2 centuries in Test cricket, 124 and 103 both vs West Indies cricket team. His best bowling figure in Test cricket is 12/85 vs Australia in Hyderabad. Ashwin is the fastest Indian bowler to reach 100 wickets in 18th Test match and 5th fastest bowler in the world. He became the first Indian to hit a century and take 5 wickets in the same match. The third Indian to receive Man of the Match award on debut. He took 28 wickets in a single series against Australia beating Anil Kumble's world record. He totally picked up 176 wickets and scored 1204 runs in 32 Matches.

### One day Internationals

Ravichandran Ashwin scored 658 runs and picked up 142 wickets in 102 matches. His best bowling figure in ODI is 4/25 vs U.A.E in World Cup 2015. He is appreciated in One day Internationals for his economy rate while bowling and different variations. His highest batting score is 65 vs New Zealand.
Iffwil

**Iffwil** is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Iffwil
- **municipality name**: Iffwil
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Iffwil COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Iffwil.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Bern-Mittelland (administrative district), Bern-Mittelland
- **postal code**: 3303
- **municipality code**: 0540
- **area**: 5.0
- **elevation**: 580
- **population**: 430
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **website**: www.iffwil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Bangerten, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Switzerland, Grafenried, Jegenstorf, Scheunen, Zuzwil, Bern, Zuzwil
Meienried

**Meienried** is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Meienried
- **image photo**: Meienried 01 11.jpg
- **municipality name**: Meienried
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Meienried COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Bern
- **iso-code-region**: CH-BE
- **district**: Seeland (administrative district), Seeland
- **postal code**: 3294
- **municipality code**: 0389
- **area**: 0.70
- **elevation**: 430
- **population**: 54
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **website**: www.meienried.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Büren an der Aare, Dotzigen, Safnern, Scheuren