Youngstown, Ohio

**Youngstown** is a city in Ohio, United States.  It is the county seat of Mahoning County. Part of Youngstown is also in Trumbull County.  The town is on the Mahoning River.  It is about  southeast of Cleveland and  northwest of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  Youngstown has its own metropolitan area; it is often thought of as part of the Pittsburgh Tri-State area and Greater Cleveland. Youngstown is  west of the Pennsylvania state line.  It is midway between New York City and Chicago via Interstate 80.

The city was named for John Young.  He was an early settler from Whitestown, New York, who started the town's first sawmill and gristmill. Youngstown is in an area of the United States that is often called the Rust Belt. The town was known as a center of steel making. Youngstown was forced to change itself when the U.S. steel industry fell into decline in the 1970s. Towns in the area did not have a lot of business after that. Youngstown also falls within the Appalachian Ohio region, among the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. The 2020 census showed that Youngstown had a total population of 60,068, making it Ohio's 11th largest city. The city has had a decline of over 60% of its population since 1960.

According to the 2020 Census, the Youngstown–Warren Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) contains 430,591 people and includes Mahoning and Trumbull counties in Ohio. The combined statistical area (also including Columbiana County) has 532,468 residents. The area is called the <em>Mahoning Valley</em> or <em>Steel Valley</em>.

## History

Youngstown was named for New York native John Young. He surveyed the area in 1796. He moved there soon after. On February 9, 1797, Young bought the town of  from the Western Reserve Land Company for $16,085. The 1797 start of Youngstown was officially recorded on August 19, 1802.

The area of today's Youngstown was part of the Connecticut Western Reserve.  This was a part of the Northwest Territory for settlers from the state of Connecticut. While many of the area's early settlers came from Connecticut, Youngstown also had a large number of Scots-Irish settlers from neighboring Pennsylvania. The first European Americans to settle in the area were Pittsburgh native James Hillman and his wife, Catherine Dougherty. By 1798, Youngstown was the home of several families who were lived near the point where Mill Creek meets the Mahoning River. Boardman Township was started in 1798 by Elijah Boardman. He was a member of the Connecticut Land Company. Also started in 1798 was Austintown by John McCollum. He was a settler from New Jersey.

In 1800, governor Arthur St. Clair made Trumbull County (named for Connecticut Governor Jonathan Trumbull). He named the smaller town of Warren as its "county seat". In 1813, Trumbull County was divided into townships, with Youngstown Township being a big part of what became Mahoning County. The village of Youngstown was incorporated in 1848, and in 1867 Youngstown was chartered as a city. It became the county seat in 1876.

The discovery of coal by the community in the early 19th century helped Youngstown become part of the Erie Canal. The Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal Company was organized in 1835. The canal was completed in 1840. David Tod, who was later Ohio governor during the Civil War, persuaded Lake Erie steamboat owners that coal from the Mahoning Valley could fuel their vessels if canal transportation were available between Youngstown and Cleveland. The arrival of the railroad in 1856 made it easier for more economic growth.

Youngstown's industrial development made the Mahoning Valley different. The community's coal industry made hundreds of immigrants from Wales, Germany, and Ireland come to the area. With the start of steel mills in the late 19th century, Youngstown became a popular destination for immigrants from Eastern Europe, Italy, and Greece. In the early 20th century, the community saw more immigrants from non-European countries including what is today's Lebanon, Israel, and Syria. By the 1920s, this change in the town's population made people who were there earlier upset. Because of their anger, the Mahoning Valley became a center of Ku Klux Klan activity. The situation reached a climax in 1924, when street clashes between Klan members and Italian and Irish Americans in neighboring Niles led Ohio Governor A. Victor Donahey to declare martial law. By 1928 the Klan was in steep decline; and three years later, the group sold its Canfield, Ohio, meeting area, Kountry Klub Field.

The growth of industry made more people from the United States and Latin America come to Youngstown. By the late 19th century, African Americans were well represented in Youngstown. The first local African Methodist Episcopal Church was started in 1871. In the 1880s, local attorney William R. Stewart was the second African American elected to the Ohio House of Representatives. A large increase of African Americans in the early 20th century was because of changes in the industrial area. During the national Steel Strike of 1919, local industrialists recruited thousands of workers from the South, many of whom were Black. This move upset local Whites, and for decades, African-American steelworkers experienced discrimination in the workplace. Migration from the South rose dramatically in the 1940s, when the mechanization of southern agriculture brought an end to the exploitative sharecropping system, leading onetime farm laborers to seek industrial jobs.

The city's population became more diverse since the end of World War II, when a seemingly robust steel industry attracted thousands of workers. In the 1950s, the Latino population grew significantly; and by the 1970s, St. Rose of Lima Roman Catholic Church and the First Spanish Baptist Church of Ohio were among the largest religious institutions for Spanish-speaking residents in the Youngstown metropolitan area. While diversity is among the community's enduring characteristics, the industrial economy that drew various groups to the area collapsed in the late 1970s. In response to subsequent challenges, the city has taken well-publicized steps to diversify economically, while building on some traditional strengths.

## Geography and climate

The United States Census Bureau says the city has a total area of .  Land is  of that area, and water is .

Youngstown is in the Mahoning Valley on the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau. The glaciers left behind a plain with valleys at the end of the last Ice Age.  The valleys were caused by the Mahoning River crossing the plain. Lakes made by glaciers that dammed small streams were eventually drained.  This left behind fertile land.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Youngstown, Ohio
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Downtown Youngstown 2019.jpg
- **image seal**: Seal of Youngstown, Ohio.svg
- **image blank emblem**: Youngstown, Ohio wordmark.svg
- **blank emblem size**: 150px
- **blank emblem type**: Wordmark
- **map caption**: Interactive map of Youngstown
- **pushpin map**: Ohio#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin label**: Youngstown
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Ohio, County
- **subdivision name2**: Mahoning County, Ohio, Mahoning, Trumbull County, Ohio, Trumbull
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1796
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1848 (Village (United States), village)
- **established title3**:  
- **established date3**: 1867 (city)
- **founder**: John Young (pioneer), John Young
- **named for**: John Young
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–council
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 89.52
- **area total sq mi**: 34.56
- **area land km2**: 87.87
- **area water km2**: 1.64
- **area land sq mi**: 33.93
- **area water sq mi**: 0.64
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 60068
- **population density km2**: 683.56
- **population density sq mi**: 1770.40
- **population urban**: 320,901 (List of United States urban areas, US: 127th)
- **population density urban km2**: 632.3
- **population density urban sq mi**: 1,637.6
- **population metro**: 430,591 (US: List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 125th)
- **population blank1 title**: Combined statistical area, CSA
- **population blank1**: 532,468 (US: List of Combined Statistical Areas, 87th)
- **population demonym**: Youngstowner
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area codes**: Area codes 330 and 234, 330 and 234
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern Standard Time
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern Daylight Time
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 39-88000
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1086573
- **nickname**: The City of You; The YO; Steel Town; Little Chicago; Yompton; Y-Town