juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John Roberts (footballer, born 1946)

**John Griffiths Roberts** (11 September 1946 – 4 January 2016) was an Welsh football player and manager. He played as a defender from 1964 to 1983. He played for Swansea Town, Northampton Town, Arsenal, Birmingham City, Wrexham, Hull City and the national team. He was a player manager of Oswestry Town from 1982 to 1983.

Roberts was born in Abercynon, Rhondda Cynon Taff. He died on 4 January 2016 at the age of 69.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: John Roberts
- **fullname**: John Griffith Roberts
- **birth place**: Abercynon, Wales
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **youthyears1**: 1961–1963
- **youthclubs1**: Abercynon Athletic
- **youthyears2**: 1963–1964
- **youthclubs2**: Swansea City A.F.C., Swansea Town
- **years1**: 1964–1967
- **clubs1**: Swansea City A.F.C., Swansea Town
- **caps1**: 37
- **goals1**: 16
- **years2**: 1967–1969
- **clubs2**: Northampton Town F.C., Northampton Town
- **caps2**: 62
- **goals2**: 11
- **years3**: 1969–1972
- **clubs3**: Arsenal F.C., Arsenal
- **caps3**: 59
- **goals3**: 4
- **years4**: 1972–1976
- **clubs4**: Birmingham City F.C., Birmingham City
- **caps4**: 66
- **goals4**: 1
- **years5**: 1976–1980
- **clubs5**: Wrexham A.F.C., Wrexham
- **caps5**: 145
- **goals5**: 5
- **years6**: 1980–1982
- **clubs6**: Hull City A.F.C., Hull City
- **caps6**: 26
- **goals6**: 1
- **years7**: 1982–1983
- **clubs7**: Oswestry Town F.C., Oswestry Town
- **nationalyears1**: –
- **nationalteam1**: Wales national under-21 football team, Wales U-21
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: –
- **nationalteam2**: Wales U-23
- **nationalcaps2**: 5
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **nationalyears3**: 1971–1976
- **nationalteam3**: Wales national football team, Wales
- **nationalcaps3**: 22
- **nationalgoals3**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1982–1983
- **managerclubs1**: Oswestry Town F.C., Oswestry Town (player manager)
S. H. Kapadia

**Sarosh Homi Kapadia** (29 September 1947 – 4 January 2016) was an Indian politician and lawyer. He served as the 38th Chief Justice of India from 12 May 2010 until 28 September 2012. He was born in Mumbai and was Parsi.

Kapadia died from cardiac arrest on 4 January 2016 in Mumbai, aged 68.
Christy O'Connor Jnr

**Christy O'Connor Jnr** (19 August 1948 – 6 January 2016) was an Irish golfer. He turned professional in 1967. He played in the Ryder Cup twice.

O'Connor was born in Galway, County Galway. He was married to Ann and had three children. His uncle was golfer Christy O'Connor Snr, who died in May 2016.

O'Connor died on 6 January 2016 in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, aged 67.

## Infobox (golfer)

- **name**: Christy O'Connor Jnr
- **image**: Christy O'Connor.JPG
- **imagesize**: 240px
- **caption**: O'Connor in 2010
- **nickname**: Junior
- **birth place**: County Galway, Ireland
- **death place**: Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- **spouse**: Ann
- **yearpro**: 1967
- **extour**: European Tour
European Seniors Tour
Champions Tour
- **prowins**: 17
- **eurowins**: 4
- **champwins**: 2
- **seneurowins**: 2
- **otherwins**: 9
- **masters**: CUT: 1977
- **usopen**: DNP
- **open**: T3: 1985 Open Championship, 1985
- **pga**: DNP
British Rail Class 800

The ** Class 800** _Hitachi Super Express_ is a new train built by Hitachi to replace old InterCity 125 and InterCity 225. The class 800 will use diesel fuel and electricity. The 801 trains will be electric-only. The trains can run at a speed of 125mph (200kmph). They can reduce the travel time between London, Leeds, Newcastle and Edinburgh by as much as 18 minutes. One train, a test version of the Hitachi Class 800 Super Express, has arrived from Japan. A new Manufacturing plant will produce 122 trains in the coming years. It will create 730 new jobs. In 2017 the first trains will run on the Great Western Railway main line. In 2018 they will run on the East Coast Main Line.
Masaryk University

**Masaryk University** (; ) is a university in Brno, Czech Republic. It was created in 1919. It is named for Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the first president of Czechoslovakia. He wanted to have a second Czech university (until then, the only Czech university was Charles University in Prague). The Palacký University in Olomouc had been closed. The university has nine faculties and about 35,000 students. Between 1960 and 1990, the university used the name of Jan Evangelista Purkyně, a Czech scientist. Masaryk University is member of the Compostela Group and the Utrecht Network of universities.

## Other websites

- Masaryk University
Nino Manfredi

**Saturnino "Nino" Manfredi** (; 22 March 1921 – 4 June 2004) was an Italian actor. He was born in Lazio, Italy. He was also a movie and stage director, screenwriter, playwright, comedian, singer, author, radio and television presenter.

During his career he won many awards, including six David di Donatello awards, six Nastro d'Argento awards and the Prix de la première oeuvre (Best First Work Award) at the 1971 Cannes Film Festival for _Between Miracles_. He is thought to be the greatest Italian actor of all time.

Manfredi died from complications from a stroke at his home in Rome, Italy, aged 83.

## Other websites

- Nino Manfredi at Discogs
Andres Rodríguez

**Andres Rodríguez** (11 May 1984 – 4 January 2016) was a Venezuelan businessman and an international show jumping competitor. He was born in Caracas, Venezuela.

His achievements included the team silver medal at the 2005 Bolivarian Games, the team bronze medal at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games, an individual silver medal at the 2015 Pan American Games of Toronto, and was qualified to the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, but died before the event.

Rodríguez was killed in a car crash near Wellington, Florida, aged 31.
Marvin Minsky

**Marvin Lee Minsky** (August 9, 1927 – January 24, 2016) was an American cognitive scientist in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). He was the co-founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, and author of several texts on AI and philosophy. He won the Turing Award in 1969.

Minsky had a connection with Jeffrey Epstein, having receiving money from him for his research and visiting him at his private island.

Minskey was born in New York City, New York. He studied at Phillips Academy, Harvard University and at Princeton University. Minskey died in Boston, Massachusetts of a cerebral hemorrhage on January 24, 2016 at the age of 88. His body is chronologically frozen in Scottsdale, Arizona.

## Other websites

- Oral history interview with Terry Winograd at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.  Winograd describes his work in computer science, linguistics, and artificial intelligence at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), discussing the work of Marvin Minsky and others.
- Scientist on the Set: An Interview with Marvin Minsky
- Marvin Minsky Playlist  Appearance on WMBR's _Dinnertime Sampler _ radio show November 26, 2003
- Consciousness Is A Big Suitcase: A talk with Marvin Minsky
- Video of Minsky speaking at the International Conference on Complex Systems, hosted by the New England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI)
Charles Bachman

**Charles William "Charlie" Bachman III** (December 11, 1924 – July 13, 2017) was an American computer scientist. He spent his entire career as an industrial researcher, developer, and manager rather than in academia. He is particularly known for his work in the early development of database management systems.  The Bachman diagrams are named after him. He won the Turing Award in 1973.

Bachman died on July 13, 2017 at his home in Lexington, Massachusetts of Parkinson's disease at the age of 92.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **image**: Charles Bachman 2012.jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **name**: Charles W. Bachman
- **caption**: Charles Bachman at the 2012 ACM Turing Centenary Celebration
- **birth place**: Manhattan, Kansas
- **death place**: Lexington, Massachusetts
- **nationality**: American
- **field**: Computer Science
- **work institution**: Dow Chemical
General Electric
Cullinet
Bachman Information Systems
- **alma mater**: University of Pennsylvania,
Michigan State University
- **known for**: Integrated Data Store
- **prizes**: ACM Turing Award <small>(1973)</small>
National Medal of Technology and Innovation <small>(2012)</small>
 Association for Computing Machinery, ACM Fellow <small>(2014)</small>
Niklaus Wirth

**Niklaus Emil Wirth** (15 February 1934 – 1 January 2024) was a Swiss computer scientist. He was best known for designing several programming languages, including Pascal, and for creating several classic topics in software engineering.

In 1984 he won the Turing Award, which is seen as the highest award in computer science. He won the award for creating a sequence of important computer languages.

He was elected a member of the Academia Europaea in 2007.

Wirth died on 1 January 2024 at the age of 89.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Niklaus E. Wirth
- **image**: Niklaus Wirth, UrGU.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **birth name**: Niklaus Emil Wirth
- **birth place**: Winterthur, Switzerland
- **citizenship**: Switzerland
- **signature**: Signature of Niklaus Wirth.svg
- **field**: Computer Science
- **known for**: Algol W, Euler (programming language), Euler, Pascal (programming language), Pascal, Modula, Modula-2, Oberon programming language, Oberon, Oberon-2, Oberon-07, Oberon operating system, Oberon System
Richard M. Karp

**Richard Manning Karp** (born January 3, 1935) is an American computer scientist and computational theorist at the University of California, Berkeley. He is known for his research in the theory of algorithms, for which he received a Turing Award in 1985, The Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science in 2004,  and the Kyoto Prize in 2008.

He work includes solving problems of combinatorial optimization (mostly network flow), asking questions about what an efficient algorithm looks like, and works about algorithmic complexity theory,.

## Other websites

- ACM Crossroads magazine interview/bio of Richard Karp
- Karp's Home Page at Berkeley

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Richard Manning Karp
- **image**: Karp mg 7725-b.cr2.jpg
- **caption**: Richard Karp giving a talk at the EPFL on 13th of July 2009
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
- **nationality**: American
- **field**: Computer Science
- **work institution**: University of California, Berkeley
IBM
- **alma mater**: Harvard University
- **doctoral advisor**: Anthony Oettinger
- **doctoral students**: Narendra Karmarkar
Michael Luby
Rajeev Motwani
Noam Nisan
Barbara Simons
- **known for**: Edmonds–Karp algorithm
Karp's 21 NP-complete problems
Hopcroft–Karp algorithm
Karp–Lipton theorem
Rabin–Karp string search algorithm
- **thesis title**: Some Applications of Logical Syntax to Digital Computer Programming
- **thesis year**: 1959
- **prizes**: Turing Award <small>(1985)</small>
John von Neumann Theory Prize <small>(1990)</small>
National Medal of Science <small>(1996)</small>
Harvey Prize
Franklin Institute#The Benjamin Franklin Awards, Benjamin Franklin Medal
Kyoto Prize
William Kahan

**William Morton Kahan** (born June 5, 1933) is a Canadian mathematician and computer scientist. He received the Turing Award in 1989 for "_his fundamental contributions to numerical analysis_." He was named an ACM Fellow in 1994, and added to the National Academy of Engineering in 2005.

## Other websites

- William Kahan's home page
- portrait picture of Kahan (on page 5)
- Paranoia for modern graphics processing units (GPUs)
- Paranoia source code in multiple languages
- IEEE 1985. IEEE standard for binary floating-point arithmetic. ACM SIGPLAN Notices 22, 2 (Feb.), 9–25
- An Interview with the Old Man of Floating-Point, 1998-Feb-20 http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/ieee754status/754story.html
- A Conversation with William Kahan, Dr. Dobb's Journal November, 1997

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: William Morton Kahan
- **image**: William Kahan.jpg
- **birth place**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **nationality**: Canadian
- **field**: Mathematics
 Computer Science
- **work institution**: University of California, Berkeley
- **alma mater**: University of Toronto
- **doctoral advisor**: Byron Alexander Griffith
- **doctoral students**: James Demmel
- **thesis title**: Gauss-Seidel Methods Of Solving Large Systems Of Linear Equations
- **thesis year**: 1958
- **known for**: IEEE 754
 Kahan summation algorithm
- **prizes**: Turing Award <small>(1989)</small>
IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award
National Academy of Engineering
ACM Fellow
Fernando J. Corbató

**Fernando José "Corby" Corbató** (July 1, 1926 – July 12, 2019) was an American computer scientist. He was known as a pioneer in the development of time-sharing operating systems and for creating the password system for computers.

Among many awards, Corbató received the Turing Award in 1990, "for his pioneering work in organizing the concepts and leading the development of the general-purpose, large-scale, time-sharing and resource-sharing computer systems".

In 2012, he was made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for his pioneering work on timesharing and the Multics operating system".

Corbató died on July 12, 2019 in Newburyport, Massachusetts from problems caused by diabetes at the age of 93.

## Other websites

- Oral history interview with Fernando J. Corbató at Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota.  Corbató discusses computer science research, especially time-sharing, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
- Oral history interview with Fernando J. Corbató at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA.  Fernando Corbató reviews his early educational and naval experiences in the Eddy program during World War II, including the Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS), Project MAC, and Multics.
- Computer Networks: The Heralds of Resource Sharing, documentary ca. 1972 about the ARPANET. Includes footage of Fernando Corbató.
- , featuring MIT's CTSS time-sharing system and an interview with MIT Professor Fernando J Corbato.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **image**: Fernando Corbato.jpg
- **name**: Fernando José Corbató
- **birth place**: Oakland, California, Oakland, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Newburyport, Massachusetts, Newburyport, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **field**: Computer Scientist
- **work institution**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- **alma mater**: California Institute of Technology (B.S., 1950)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Ph.D., 1956)
- **doctoral advisor**: John C. Slater
- **doctoral students**: Jerome H. Saltzer
- **thesis title**: A calculation of the energy bands of the graphite crystal by means of the tight-binding method
- **thesis year**: 1956
- **known for**: Multics
- **prizes**: Turing Award <small>(1990)</small>
 Computer History Museum Fellow (2012)
Juris Hartmanis

**Juris Hartmanis** (July 5, 1928 – July 29, 2022) was a Latvian-born American computer scientist and computational theorist. Hartmanis with Richard E. Stearns, received the 1993 ACM Turing Award "in recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory".

Hartmanis died on July 29, 2022 at the age of 94.

## Other websites

- Hartmanis biography at Cornell

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Juris Hartmanis
- **image**: Juris_Hartmanis(2002).jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **birth place**: Riga, Latvia
- **field**: Computer Science
- **work institution**: General Electric
Cornell University
- **alma mater**: California Institute of Technology
- **doctoral students**: Allan Borodin
 Dexter Kozen
 Janos Simon
- **prizes**: Turing Award <small>(1993)</small>
Fred Brooks

**Frederick Phillips Brooks, Jr.** (April 19, 1931 – November 17, 2022) was an American computer architect,  software engineer, and computer scientist.

He is best known for managing the development of IBM's System/360 family of computers alongside Gerrit Blaauw and Gene Amdahl and the OS/360 software support package, then later writing candidly about the process in his seminal book _The Mythical Man-Month_.  Brooks has received many awards, including the National Medal of Technology in 1985 and the Turing Award in 1999.

Brooks was born in Durham, North Carolina. He studied Duke University, graduating in 1953 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics, and he received a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics (Computer Science) from Harvard University in 1956, supervised by Howard Aiken.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Fred Brooks
- **birth name**: Frederick Phillips Brooks, Jr.
- **image**: Fred Brooks.jpg
- **birth place**: Durham, North Carolina, Durham, North Carolina
- **death place**: Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- **field**: Computer Science
 Operating systems
 Software engineering
- **alma mater**: Duke University (undergraduate)
Harvard University (postgraduate)
- **thesis title**: The Analytic Design of Automatic Data Processing Systems
- **thesis url**: https://www.proquest.com/docview/301934402
- **thesis year**: 1956
- **work institutions**: International Business Machines, IBM
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Duke University
Harvard University
- **known for**: OS/360
_The Mythical Man-Month_
- **doctoral advisor**: Howard H. Aiken, Howard Aiken
Frances E. Allen

**Frances Elizabeth "Fran" Allen** (August 4, 1932 – August 4, 2020) was an American computer scientist and pioneer in the field of optimizing compilers. Her achievements include seminal work in compilers, code optimization, and parallelization. She also had a role in intelligence work on programming languages and security codes for the National Security Agency.

Allen was the first female IBM Fellow and in 2006 became the first woman to win the Turing Award.

Allen died on her 88th birthday on August 4, 2020 in Schenectady, New York from Alzheimer's disease-related problems.

## Other websites

- Frances Allen via IBM Women in WITI Hall of Fame.
- Frances Allen: 2000 Fellow Awards Recipient via Computer History Museum
- Fran Allen on Compilers and Parallel Computing Systems Notes from her 2008 Organick Memorial Lecture

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Frances Elizabeth "Fran" Allen
- **image**: Allen mg 2528-3750K-b.jpg
- **birth place**: Peru, New York, United States
- **death place**: Schenectady, New York, United States
- **nationality**: USA, American
- **field**: Computer science
- **work institution**: IBM, New York University
- **alma mater**: State University of New York at Albany,

University of Michigan
- **known for**: High-performance computing, parallel computing, compiler, compiler organization, optimization (computer science), optimization
- **prizes**: Turing Award <small>(2006)</small>
Computer Pioneer Award <small>(2004)</small>
 Computer History Museum Fellow <small>(2000)</small>
Nivaria Tejera

**Nivaria Tejera** (30 September 1929 – 6 January 2016) was a Cuban poet and novelist. She was awarded the Seix Barral Biblioteca Breve prize in 1971 for her novel _Sonámbulo del sol_. Her book, _The Ravine_ (2007), is based on her early life.

Tejera was born in Cienfuegos, Cienfuegos Province. Her mother was Cuban and her father was Spanish. She grew up in Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. She lived in Paris, France until her death.

Tejera died from pancreatic cancer on 6 January 2016 in Paris, aged 86.
Percy Freeman

**Ronald Peter** "**Percy**" **Freeman** (4 July 1945 – 5 January 2016) was an English footballer. He played as a forward. He played for Lincoln City, West Bromwich Albion, Reading, Stourbridge and Boston United. He was born in Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire.

Freeman died after an illness on 5 January 2016, aged 70.
Mustafa al-Maraghi

**Muhammad Mustafa al-Maraghi** (1881–1945; ) was an Egyptian modernist reformer and rector of al-Azhar in the 1930s. He was one of the students of Muhammad 'Abduh. He called for social, legal and educational changes and pursued a strong campaign - begun by Muhammad 'Abduh and finished by Mahmoud Shaltout - to include the modern sciences in al-Azhar's curriculum. To that end he organised committees to reform the university's regulations and curriculum and created a supervisory department for research whose responsibilities included publishing and translation.

Mustafa al-Maraghi was the link between the reforms of his mentor Muhammad Abduh and such subsequent leaders of al-Azhar as Mustafa Abd al-Raziq, Abdel-Halim Mahmoud and Mahmoud Shaltout. As a reformer, al-Maraghi believed in Islam's flexibility and ability to adapt to the needs of modernity. He called for the exercise of ijtihad (independent reasoning/interpretation), reinterpretation, and opposed taqlid (imitation or emulation), the blind following of tradition. And he attributed the religious, moral, intellectual, and political decline of Islamic peoples to the adherence to taqlid and the lack of ijtihad. He said that after the first three centuries, ijma' (consensus of the Muslim community or scholars for resolving legal questions) was impossible, because scholars were so scattered in the East and West that usually it was not possible to collect their opinions.
Mufti Mohammad Sayeed

**Mufti Mohammad Sayeed** (12 January 1936 – 7 January 2016) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP). He served as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir from 2 November 2002 until 2 November 2005 and, again, from 1 March 2015 until his death.

Sayeed was born in Bijbehara, Kashmir and Jammu. He was a Kashmiri Muslim. He was married and had three children.

Sayeed died from multiple organ failure on 7 January 2016 in New Delhi, aged 79.
Sergey Shustikov (footballer, born 1970)

**Sergey Viktorovich Shustikov** (; 30 September 1970 – 7 January 2016) was a Russian football player and manager. He played for Torpedo Moscow, Racing de Santander, CSKA Moscow, Osasuna and Moscow. He managed FC Solyaris Moscow from 2014 until his death.

Shustikov was born in Moscow. He is the son of Viktor Shustikov. His son Sergey (born 1989) is a footballer.

Shustikov died on 7 January 2016 at the age of 45.
Michael Purcell

**Michael Peter** "**Mick**" **Purcell** (6 September 1945 – 5 January 2016) was an Australian rugby union player. He played as a flanker and lock. He played three games for the Wallabies in 1966. He also played for the Queensland Reds.

Purcell was born in Brisbane, Queensland. He was married and had two children.

Purcell died on 5 January 2016 in Brisbane, aged 70.
Agathemera

***Agathemera*** (the chinchemolle) is a phasmid insect from  Chile and Argentina. It is famous for its intense odor, which is its main defence.

It is notable for its sexual dimorphism. Females are much bigger than males, at 75mm long and 16mm wide in the thorax.

This phasmid is an evolutionary isolate. It is alone in its suborder, and there are few publications about it.
Hyundai Veracruz

The **Hyundai Veracruz** was a mid-size CUV sold by Korean automaker Hyundai. It was introduced in South Korea on October 12, 2006. The Veracruz went on sale in March 2007 and was Hyundai's largest crossover (CUV). It replaced the mid-size SUV, the Hyundai Terracan. The Veracruz was built on a Hyundai Santa Fe platform. The revamped 2011 Veracruz  was based on the same platform as the Kia Sorento.

The Veracruz offered third row seating and came with all-wheel drive. Hyundai discontinued the Veracruz internationally in 2013 and introduced a long wheelbase version of the Santa Fe.

The Veracruz was discontinued in 2015.
Thameslink and Great Northern

**Thameslink and Great Northern** is a train company managed by Go-Ahead and Keolis that run the Thameslink line and the Great Northern routes. The routes were previously operated by First Capital Connect.

## Infobox (rail company)

- **name**: Thameslink and Great Northern
- **image filename**: 319373 and 319 number 438 to Sevenoaks 2E45 by Train Photos.jpg
- **widthpx**: 300px
- **franchise**: Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern
14 Sep 2014 - 2021
- **nameforarea**: region
- **regions**: London, Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, Sussex
- **secregions**: Norfolk, Surrey, Kent
- **stations**: 129 (approx)
- **stationsop**: 77
- **routekm**: 778.9
- **abbr**: TL (Thameslink)
GN (Great Northern)
- **parent company**: Govia (Go-Ahead and Keolis)
- **website**: www.thameslinkrailway.com
- **map**:
Cubic inch

The **cubic inch** is a unit of measurement for volume in the Imperial units and United States customary units systems. It is the volume of a cube with each of its three dimensions (length, width, and depth) being one inch long.

The cubic inch and the cubic foot are still used as units of volume in the United States. One popular use is for engine capacity, also called cubic inch displacement. The common SI units of volume, the liter, milliliter, and cubic meter, are also used, especially in manufacturing and high technology. One cubic foot is equal to exactly 1,728 cubic inches because 12<sup>3</sup> = 1,728. One cubic inch equals 16.39 cubic centimeters.
Chrysler Hemi engine

The **Chrysler Hemi engine**, known by the trademark **Hemi** nickname, is a series of V6 and V8 engines built by Chrysler with a hemispherical combustion chamber. Three different types of Hemi engines have been built by Chrysler for automobiles. The first (known as the Chrysler FirePower engine) from 1951 to 1958. The second type was made from 1964 to 1971. The third beginning in 2003. Although Chrysler is most identified with the use of "Hemi" as marketing term, many other auto and truck manufacturers have used similar designs. In general the Hemi engines are smaller and more powerful than older engine designs.  They are also less expensive to build. They can produce a great amount of torque and horsepower for their size.

## Australian Hemis

During the 1970s and 1980s, Chrysler also used the _Hemi_ name for their Australian-made Hemi-6 Engine and applied it to the 4-cylinder Mitsubishi 2.6L engine. It was installed in various North American market vehicles.
Severnaya Zemlya

**Severnaya Zemlya** is an group of islands of about 30 islands in the Arctic Ocean. The islands were known as _Emperor Nicholas II Land_. Severnaya Zemlya was first noted in 1913 and first charted in 1930–32, making it the last group of islands on Earth to be discovered. Politically, the islands are part of Russia's Krasnoyarsk Krai region, but are uninhabited by humans except for an Arctic base. There is a meteorological station on Golomjanny island. Scientists live there for some months of the year.

Severnaya Zemlya splits the Arctic sea into an western part, called Laptev Sea, and an eastern part, called Kara Sea.

A phenomenon called Arctic sea ice decline can be shown on the islands: In the 20th century, the islands were a portion of Eurasia which was always covered by ice. Even as the ice melted in summer, some of the ice remained, and blocked what is called the Northeast Passage. If it were ice free the Northeast passage would permit to naviagate from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean easily. By the late summer of 2012, the permanent ice had reached a record low extent and open water appeared to the north of the archipelago.
Hyundai Elantra

**Hyundai Elantra** is a compact car sold by Korean automaker Hyundai. It has been sold since 1990. The Elantra is also sold as the Avante in other parts of the world. The car is now in its sixth generation. Beginning in 2012 it was also offered as a coupé model.

## Overview

The Hyundai Elantra sedan (Lantra in some markets), created as an alternative to available Japanese cars, was launched in 1990. Then Elantra had three restyling. The biggest one was held in 1993, the front and rear bumpers, front and rear lighting have been changed and the cabin was upgraded.

The second Lantra appeared in 1995. The body was now with a smooth design and had a two-side zincing.

In 1998, during the modernization, form of optics, bumpers and hood were changed.

In 2000, the production of the Lantra model was closed, and the Elantra model appeared. It was made at factories in Ulsan and Beijing until 2006.

Hyundai offers Hyundai i30 called Elantra Touring Universal in the United States and Canada. In other countries, the car is sold as Hyundai i30 CW.

In 2012, a sedan base coupe called _Hyundai Elantra Coupe_, which is sold exclusively in the United States, was introduced.

In September 2015, the sixth generation of Hyundai Elantra called _Avante_ appeared in South Korea.

Sedan Hyundai Elantra (Avante in South Korea) debuted in Hollywood on March 18, 2020.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Hyundai Elantra
- **image**: 0 Hyundai Avante (CN7) FL 2.jpg
- **caption**: Hyundai Elantra
- **manufacturer**: Hyundai Motors Company
- **assembly**: Hyundai Motors Ulsan Plant
- **body style**: 4-door sedan
- **related**: Hyundai Coupe <sup>Europe Market</sup>
Hyundai Tiburon <sup>Asia Korea DM & North America Market</sup>
- **sp**: uk
Alfredo "Chocolate" Armenteros

**Alfredo** "**Chocolate**" **Armenteros** (4 April 1928 – 6 January 2016) was a Cuban trumpeter. He has played with artists such as Arsenio Rodríguez, Generoso Jiménez, Chico O'Farrill, Orchestra Harlow, Eddie Palmieri and Cachao. He was known for making Afro-Cuban jazz, Latin jazz and salsa more popular in the United States where he lived. He was sometimes called "Cuban Louis Armstrong".

Armenteros was born in Santa Clara, Las Villas. He was married eight times, and had nine children, one son and eight daughters.

Armenteros died from prostate cancer on 6 January 2016 in New York City. He was 87.
Kitty Kallen

**Kitty Kallen** (born **Katherine Kalinsky**; May 25, 1921 – January 7, 2016) was an American popular singer whose career spanned from the 1930s to the 1960s—to include the Swing era of the Big Band years. She was best known for her 1954 solo recording '"Little Things Mean a Lot".

Kallen died on January 7, 2016 at her home in Cuernavaca, Mexico at the age of 94.

## Other websites

- Profile, discogs.com
- Profile , artistdirect.com

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **years active**: 1939–1965
- **instrument**: Vocals


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kitty Kallen
- **image**: Kitty Kallen.jpg
- **caption**: Kallen, c. 1944
- **birth name**: Katherine Kalinsky
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Cuernavaca, Mexico
- **spouse**: Bernard Granoff (1948-1996; his death); 1 child
Florence King

**Florence Virginia King** (January 5, 1936 – January 6, 2016) was an American novelist, essayist and columnist. She was born in Washington, D.C.. She was known for writing about the American South and worked for the _National Review_. She was a conservative columnist.

King died one day after her birthday on January 6, 2016 in Washington, D.C. at the age of 80.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Florence King
- **birth name**: Florence Virginia King
- **occupation**: Columnist, essayist, and novelist
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C., US
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., US
Pat Harrington Jr.

**Daniel Patrick** "**Pat**" **Harrington, Jr.** (August 13, 1929 – January 6, 2016) was an American voice, stage, and television actor. He was best known for his role as building Superintendent Schneider on the CBS sitcom _One Day at a Time_. He won an Emmy Award for the role.

Harrington was born in New York City. His father, Pat Harrington, Sr., was also an actor. He was married twice. He had Alzheimer's disease.

Harrington fell in early November 2015. He had a small brain hemorrhage. He died on January 6, 2016 in Los Angeles, California, aged 86.
Lev Nikolayevich Korolyov

**Lev Nikolayevich Korolyov** (also Korolev, ; September 6, 1926 – January 5, 2016) was a Soviet-born Russian computer scientist. He was a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He was involved in the development of the first Soviet computers.

Korolyov was born in Podolsk, Russia. He studied at Moscow State University. Korolyov died at his home in Moscow, Russia at the age of 89.

## Other websites

- Biography of L. N. Korolev  at Virtual Museum Computer.
Marc Alaimo

**Marc Alaimo** (born **Michael Anthony Alaimo**; May 5, 1942) is an American actor. He is known for his villainous roles. He is best known for his role as recurring villain Gul Dukat in the TV series _Star Trek: Deep Space Nine_. He guest-starred in a _Family Guy_ episode in which he played "The Dean".

Alaimo was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Marc Alaimo.jpg
- **caption**: Alaimo in 2009
- **birth place**: Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.
- **birthname**: Michael Anthony Alaimo
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1972–present
Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley

**Henry Stewart** or **Stuart, Duke of Albany** (7 December 1546 – 10 February 1567), styled **Lord Darnley** before 1565, was king consort of Scotland from 1565 to his murder at Kirk o' Field. Usually called Lord Darnley, he was the father of James VI and I.

Darnley was the second son of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, and his wife, Lady Margaret Douglas. He was their oldest surviving son. Darnley's maternal grandparents were Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, and Margaret Tudor, widow of James IV of Scotland. It is commonly believed that Darnley was born on 7 December, but that is disputed.

He was a first cousin and the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and was the father of her son James VI of Scotland, who succeeded Elizabeth I of England as James I of England.

Darnley was found dead outdoors while he was dressed for bed after an explosion near his bedroom. Many people thought that Mary had arranged his murder.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **consort**: yes
- **name**: Henry, Lord Darnley
- **image**: Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley.jpg
- **succession**: List of Scottish consorts, King consort of Scots
- **reign-type**: Tenure
- **reign**: 29 July 1565 – 10 February 1567
- **succession1**: List of Scottish monarchs, King Of Scotland (Disputed)
- **reign1**: 29 July 1565 - 10 February 1567
- **spouse**: Mary, Queen of Scots
m. 1565; dec. 1567
- **issue**: James VI and I
- **house**: House of Stuart
- **father**: Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox
- **mother**: Margaret Douglas
- **birth place**: Temple Newsam, Yorkshire, England
- **death place**: Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh, Scotland
- **burial place**: Holyrood Abbey
- **religion**: Catholic Church, Roman Catholicism
Klaas Bakker

**Klaas Bakker** (22 April 1926 – 7 January 2016) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a midfielder and striker. He played for De Volewijckers between 1943 and 1951. He later played for Ajax until 1957. He was born in Amsterdam, North Holland.

Bakker died on 7 January 2016 in Amstelveen, aged 89.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Klaas Bakker
- **image**: Klaas Bakker (1954).jpg
- **caption**: Klaas Bakker in 1954
- **birth place**: Amsterdam, Netherlands
- **death place**: Amstelveen, Netherlands
- **position**: Forward (association football)#Striker, Striker, midfielder
- **years1**: 1943–1951
- **clubs1**: A.V.V. De Volewijckers, De Volewijckers
- **years2**: 1951–1957
- **clubs2**: AFC Ajax, Ajax
- **caps2**: 169
- **goals2**: 37
Sol Polansky

**Sol Polansky** (November 7, 1926 – January 6, 2016) was an American diplomat. He served as the Ambassador to Bulgaria from 1987 until 1990. He joined the United States Foreign Service in 1957. While in the Foreign Service, he was stationed in the Soviet Union, Poland, West Germany, East Germany and Austria.

Polansky was born Newark, New Jersey. He studied at the University of California, Berkeley and Columbia University.

Polansky died after a long illness on January 6, 2016, aged 89.
Valerio Zanone

**Valerio Zanone** (22 January 1936 – 7 January 2016) was an Italian politician. He was secretary and president of the Italian Liberal Party. He was also a senator of the Democratic Party. He was mayor of Turin from 30 July 1990 until 31 December 1991. He was born in Turin, Piedmont.

Zanone died on 7 January 2016 in Rome, aged 79.
Yves Vincent

**Yves Fred Vincent** (5 August 1921 – 6 January 2016) was a French movie and television actor. He appeared in _Sins of Rome_ (1953), _Babette Goes to War_ (1959), _Muriel_ (1963), _Le gendarme se marie_ (1968) and _Hibernatus_ (1969).

Vincent was born in Thônes, Haute-Savoie. He spent much time growing up in Algiers, Algeria. He was married twice and had three children.

Vincent died on 6 January 2016 at the age of 94.
Sian Blake

**Sian Samantha Blake** (13 September 1972 – 14 or 15 December 2015), also known as **Syan Blake**, was a British actress. She was best known for playing Frankie Pierre on the television show _EastEnders_, appearing in 56 episodes between 1996 and 1997. She also appeared _Casualty_, _The Bill_ and _Skins_. She voiced Yugiri in the 2015 video game _Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn_.

Blake was born in Walthamstow, London. She had two sons with her partner Arthur Simpson-Kent. She had motor neurone disease.

Blake, aged 43, went missing in December 2015 with her sons. Their dead bodies were found on 5 January 2016 in Erith, London. They all died from head and neck injuries. In February 2016, Simpson-Kent was charged with three counts of murder and was remanded in custody.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sian Blake
- **birth name**: Sian Samantha Blake
- **birth date**: 13 September 1972
- **death date**: 14 or 15 December 2015 (aged 44)
- **death place**: Erith, London, England, UK
- **body discovered**: 5 January 2016
- **nationality**: British people, British
- **other names**: Syan Blake
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1994–2009, 2015
- **known for**: Frankie Pierre in _EastEnders_
- **partner**: Arthur Simpson-Kent
- **children**: 2
White-bellied sea eagle

The **white-bellied sea eagle** (_Haliaeetus leucogaster_), is also known as the **white-breasted sea eagle**. It is a large daytime bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is closely related to Sanford's sea eagle of the Solomon Islands.

It is a distinctive bird, with a white belly, white head, breast, under-wing coverts and tail. The upper parts are grey. The black under-wing flight feathers contrast with the white coverts. The tail is short and wedge-shaped as in all _Haliaeetus_ species. Like many raptors, the female is slightly larger than the male, and can be  long with a wingspan of up to , and weigh . Immature birds have brown plumage, which is gradually replaced with white by the age of five or six years. Its call is a loud goose-like honking.

The bird lives in India and Sri Lanka through Southeast Asia to Australia on coasts and major waterways. It breeds and hunts near water, and fish form around half of its diet.

Opportunistic, it eats carrion and a wide variety of animals. Although rated of _Least Concern_ globally, it has declined in parts of southeast Asia. It is ranked as _Threatened_ in Victoria and _Vulnerable_ in South Australia and Tasmania. Human disturbance to its habitat is the main threat. The white-bellied sea eagle is revered by indigenous people in many parts of Australia, and is the subject of various folk tales throughout its range.
Off-road vehicle

An **off-road vehicle** is generally any type of vehicle which can be used for driving on and off paved or gravel surface. Off-road vehicles generally have large tires with deep, open treads and a flexible suspension. Off-road vehicles should not be confused with  **off-highway vehicles**. These are not designed to be used on highways and are capable of traveling cross-country over rough land, marsh, swamps, ice or snow.

## Many uses

Off-road vehicles have a large following because of their many uses and versatility. Several types of motorsports involve racing off-road vehicles. The three largest "4-wheel vehicle" off-road types of competitions are mud racing, desert racing, and rockcrawling. The most common use of these vehicles is for sight seeing in areas distant from paved roads. The use of higher clearance and higher traction vehicles allows access on trails and forest roads that have rough and low traction surfaces.

### Rockcrawling

Rockcrawling is an extreme form of off road driving. Drivers use vehicles anywhere from stock to highly modified to overcome obstacles (usually rocks).  In rock crawling, drivers drive highly modified four-wheel drive vehicles such as trucks, Jeeps, and "buggies" over very harsh terrain.  Driving locations include boulders, mountain foothills, rock piles, mountain trails, etc. Rock crawling is about slow-speed, careful driving. Rock crawlers often drive up, down and across obstacles that would appear impassable. Such vehicles to rock climb are primarily 4x4s.

Rock crawling competitions range from local events to national series.  A rock crawling competition consists of obstacle courses that are about 100-200 yards long.  Each obstacle is set up with gates, similar to a ski course.

## Tread Lightly!

In the United States and elsewhere off-road vehicles should be ridden only on roads, trails and areas open to off-road travel. At the request of the United States Forest Service, Tread Lightly! created the "RIDE ON" program reminding off-roaders to “RIDE ON Designated Routes”. This was to prevent unregulated motor vehicle travel on public lands. Most US states and other Federal government agencies have similar laws and regulations to safeguard the environment. Tread Lightly!s message of traveling only on existing roads or trails is also designed to prevent social conflicts such as having entire areas closed to off-road travel.
RAM Rebel truck

The **Ram Rebel** is a full-size pickup truck made by FCA US LLC (formerly Chrysler Group LLC). The Rebel is a new model for 2015. It has a new grille and tailgate which are different than the regular Ram Trucks. The Ram 1500 Rebel is not just a decal package. It is designed for use both on-road and off-road. The Rebel has features that are standard that would otherwise have to be added by the owner for off-road performance.

## Features

The Rebel is available only in the 1500 (half-ton) truck series. It features a blacked-out grille with a large "RAM" letter badge. It stands out as being very different from the RAM truck's iconic "cross-hair" design grilles. Standard equipment includes an off-road powder coated front bumper, skid plates, tow hooks and fog lights. It has projector headlamps with LED marker lights. The aluminum sports hood is distinct to the Rebel.

The Rebel is standard with an air suspension that rides higher than other RAM 1500s. It has new 17-inch aluminum wheels with black accents. It comes with 33-inch (LT285/70R17E) Toyo Open Country A/T all-terrain tires, Bilstein shock absorbers, and has a different steering and stability-control system than a stock RAM.

## Powertrains

The standard engine in the Rebel is a 3.6-liter Pentastar V-6 engine that makes 310 horsepower, 269 pound-feet of torque. It is capable of getting 25 mpg on the highway. The optional V-8 engine is a 5.7-liter HEMI that produces 395 horsepower and 410 pound-feet of torque. It is rated at 15 mpg in the city, 21 mpg on the highway.
Ashraf Pahlavi

**Ashraf Pahlavi** (Persian: اشرف پهلوی / Aŝraf Pahlawi, 26 October 1919 – 7 January 2016), was the twin sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran (Persia) and a member of the Pahlavi dynasty. She was born in Tehran. She was thought to be the "power behind her brother" and was instrumental in the 1953 coup which led to him taking the throne. She served her brother as a palace adviser and was a strong advocate for women's rights.

Her brother was Gholamreza Pahlavi, who also lived in exile in Paris until his death in 2017. Her half-brother was Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran.

Following the Iranian Revolution in 1979, she lived in exile in New York City, Paris and Monte Carlo and remained outspoken on her country's politics.

Pahlavi died in Monte Carlo, Monaco at the age of 96.
Judith Kaye

**Judith Ann Kaye** (née **Smith**; August 4, 1938 – January 7, 2016) was an American lawyer and jurist. She was the longtime Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, serving in that position from March 23, 1993 until December 31, 2008.  She was the first woman to serve as chief judge, the highest judicial office in the New York state, and the longest-serving chief judge in New York history.

Kaye died on January 7, 2016, at her home in Manhattan, New York from cancer, aged 77.

## Other websites

- Biography: Judith Smith Kaye by Steven C. Crane, the Historical Society of the New York Courts (includes extensive list of writings in law journals and elsewhere)

## Infobox (judge)

- **name**: Judith Kaye
- **image**: Judith S.Kaye.jpg
- **office**: Chairman of the Commission on Judicial Nomination
- **termstart**: March 31, 2009
- **termend**: March 31, 2013
- **appointer**: David Paterson
- **office2**: Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals
- **termstart2**: March 23, 1993
- **termend2**: December 31, 2008
- **appointer2**: Mario Cuomo
- **predecessor2**: Richard D. Simons
- **successor2**: Jonathan Lippman
- **office3**: Associate Judge of the New York Court of Appeals
- **termstart3**: 1983
- **termend3**: 1993
- **appointer3**: Mario Cuomo
- **birth name**: Judith Ann Smith
- **birth place**: Monticello, New York, United States
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York, United States
- **alma mater**: Barnard College
New York University School of Law
Troy Shondell

**Troy Shondell** (born **Gary Wayne Schelton**; May 14, 1939 – January 7, 2016) was an American singer. His career began in 1957 and he was most famous during the 1960s. He was best known for his 1961 rock and roll single "This Time (We're Really Breaking Up)". The song made the record charts in both the United States and the United Kingdom.

Shondell was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He was married to Trina Shondell.

Shondell had Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. He died from problems caused by the diseases on January 7, 2016 in Picayune, Mississippi. He was 76.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Troy Shondell
- **image**: Troy Shondell 1962.JPG
- **caption**: Shondell in 1962
- **occupation**: Singer
Jenean Hampton

**Jenean M. Hampton** (born May 12, 1958) is an American politician. She is a graduate of Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan with a degree in Industrial Engineering. Hampton was a captain in the United States Air Force and a veteran of Operation Desert Storm. After her service in the Air Force she was a manufacturing plant manager for 19 years. She entered politics in 2014 with an unsuccessful run for state representative in Kentucky. Hampton became the Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky in 2015, under Governor Matt Bevin. She is a Republican and a tea party supporter. Hampton is the first African American Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky.