juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Greyfriars Bobby

**Greyfriars Bobby** (4 May 1855 - 14 January 1872) was a Skye terrier. He belonged to a policeman in Edinburgh named John Gray. When Mr. Gray died in 1858, he was buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard. Bobby stayed near the grave of Mr. Gray long after the funeral. He would not leave.

The little dog came to be called Greyfriars Bobby.  He stayed at the grave for the rest of his life. Bobby died in 1872. He was buried just inside the gates of the kirkyard. His grave is marked by a small pink granite stone. Bobby's collar and bowl are displayed in the Museum of Edinburgh.

In 1873, Lady Angela Burdett-Coutts erected a drinking fountain _(pictured)_ in Edinburgh to the memory of Greyfriars Bobby.  The bronze statue of Bobby on top of the fountain was made by William Brodie. The fountain and statue have long been favourites of Scots.

The fountain is near the George IV Bridge in Edinburgh. The statue of Bobby sits on top of a column of granite. At the bottom, there is an eight-sided drinking basin for dogs. Near the top, there is a drinking spout for people. In 1957, the water was turned off because of health concerns.

Eleanor Stackhouse Atkinson wrote a book about Bobby in 1912. It has never been out of print. A movie based on the book was made in 1961. This movie stars Tam O'Shanter as Bobby, and is described as "a tearjerker, one that saddens and lifts the spirit at the same time."
Luminescence

**Luminescence** is light emitted by a substance not caused by heat. In contrast, incandescence is light emitted by a substance as a result of heating.

Luminescence can be caused by chemical reactions, electrical energy, subatomic motions, or piezoelectricity (stress on a crystal).   The term 'luminescence' was introduced in 1888 by Eilhard Wiedemann.

The dials, hands, scales and signs of aviation and navigational instruments and markings are often coated with luminescent materials in a process known as 'luminising'.

## Some types of luminescence

- Chemiluminescence, the making light from a chemical reaction.
    - Bioluminescence, emission as a result of biochemical reaction by a living organism
- Fluorescence, emission after higher-energy electromagnetic radiation is applied
- Phosphorescence, same cause, but emission is delayed, lasting sometimes for hours
- Electroluminescence: Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

## Related pages

- Luminous paint
Victim blaming

**Victim blaming** is holding the victim of a crime responsible for that crime. Starting in the 1970s, the term was commonly used in the United States. It was mainly used in connection with trials for rape, as well those with a racist background.

## Overview

In 1947, Theodor W. Adorno defined what would be later called "blaming the victim," as "one of the most sinister features of the Fascist character". Shortly after, Adorno and three other professors at the University of California, Berkeley created their influential and highly debated _F-scale_ (F for fascist), published in _The Authoritarian Personality_ (1950), which included among the fascist traits of the scale the "contempt for everything discriminated against or weak." A common example of victim blaming is the "asking for it" idiom, e.g. "she was asking for it" said of a victim of violence or sexual assault.

## Opposing views

Roy Baumeisteress, a social and personality psychologist, argued that blaming the victim is not always wrong. According to him, it can lead to new ideas that show that the victim was at least partly responsible for the act. Baumeister argues that the common explanations of violence and cruelty are not helpful because they say that the victim was innocent.

According to him, in the classic telling of "the myth of pure evil," the innocent, well-meaning victims are going about their business when they are suddenly assaulted by terrible villains. The situation, however, is not this simple; In most cases, the victim has done something to either anger the offender, or to help the offender's actions. In spite of this, the actions that follow may be more important than the "victim's" first offense.

## Examples

In 2005, Australian Muslim preacher Feiz Mohammad gave a speech in Australia in which he blamed women for being rape victims.  He said:  "A victim of rape every minute somewhere in the world. Why? No one to blame but herself. She displayed her beauty to the entire world... Strapless, backless, sleeveless, showing their legs, nothing but satanic skirts, slit skirts, translucent blouses, miniskirts, tight jeans: all this to tease man and appeal to his carnal [sexual] nature.

In a case that became famous in 2011, an eleven-year-old victim of repeated gang rapes in Cleveland, Texas, was accused by the defense attorney of sexually attracting men on purpose so that they would try to rape her.  "Like the spider and the fly. Wasn't she saying, 'Come into my parlor, said the spider to the fly?' ", he asked a witness. The _New York Times_ ran an article uncritically reporting on the way many in the community blamed the victim, for which the newspaper later apologized.

In a case that attracted worldwide coverage, when a woman was raped and killed in India in December 2012, some Indian government officials and political leaders blamed the victim for her outfit and being out late at night.

## Related pages

- Rape culture
- Social stigma
Greyfriars Bobby (movie)

***Greyfriars Bobby*** is a family-oriented Walt Disney movie from 1961. It was based on Eleanor Atkinson's 1912 book of the same name. The movie was directed by Don Chaffey, and stars Donald Crisp and Laurence Naismith. The movie is about a Skye terrier named Bobby. When his master dies, Bobby will not leave his graveside in Greyfriars Kirkyard. Two men in the neighborhood quarrel over owning the dog, but the dog remains on his master's grave. When "Greyfriars Bobby" is threatened with being put down because he does not have a license, the poor children of the neighborhood use their money to buy him the needed license. Bobby is given the freedom of the city.
Ambroise Vollard

**Ambroise Vollard** (3 July 1866 – 21 July 1939) was one of the most important dealers in French modern art in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. He had his portrait painted by so many artists that Picasso said "The most beautiful woman who ever lived has never had her portrait painted, drawn, or engraved any oftener than Vollard".

In most cases he bought art directly from the painters of his day. He was the first owner of Cézanne's _Vue sur l'Estaque et le Chateau d'If_. This sold at Christie's in London for £13,522,500 in February 1015.

He sold these almost unknown artists, who became world-famous. They included Paul Cézanne, Aristide Maillol, Renoir, Louis Valtat, Pablo Picasso, André Derain, Georges Rouault, Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh. He was also an avid art collector and publisher.

## Background

After graduation, Vollard became a collector-dealer in art. In 1893, he started his own art gallery, at Rue Laffitte, then the center of the Parisian market for modern art. There Vollard put on his first major exhibition: Manet and others were followed by Gauguin and Van Gogh (4 – 30 June 1895).

Not attractive in appearance, he was a very shrewd businessman who made a fortune. In 1930 Vollard commissioned Picasso to produce a suite of 100 etchings which became known as the _Vollard Suite_.

Vollard would later write biographies of Cézanne (1914), Degas, and Renoir, as well as the charming _Recollections of a Picture Dealer_ (1936). Vollard was killed in July 1939, at the age of 73, on his way to Paris, when his chauffer-driven car skidded off the road.

## The fate of the collection

News of his death prompted this letter from one artist to another:
- "Are you aware of the enormity of the estate? Discoveries everywhere, valuable things, never sold nor noted, discoveries under piles of canvases, priceless, surpassing all calculation, the heirs in incredible disorder, lawsuit after lawsuit will follow".

Vollard died without direct heirs. Much of the art was left to extended family and close friends, although a significant number of works apparently were sold, dispersed, or disappeared during World War II.

More than 80 years after his death, works from his collection were sold after agreement with the various claimants to his estate. Massive auctions were held by Sotheby's in Paris and London in June 2010.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ambroise Vollard
- **image**: Cezanne Ambroise Vollard.jpg
- **caption**: Paul Cézanne, _Portrait of Ambroise Vollard_, 1899. Petit Palais, Musée des Beaux-Arts
- **birth place**: Saint-Denis, Réunion, Saint-Denis, La Réunion
- **death place**: Versailles, France
- **death cause**: car accident
- **nationality**: French
- **occupation**: Art dealer and collector
Paris Olympics

**Paris Olympics** can mean:

- 1900 Summer Olympics, games of the II Olympiad
- 1924 Summer Olympics, games of the VIII Olympiad
- 2024 Summer Olympics, games of the XXXIII Olympiad
Los Angeles Olympics

**Los Angeles Olympics** can mean:
- 1932 Summer Olympics, games of the X Olympiad
- 1984 Summer Olympics, games of the XXIII Olympiad
- 2028 Summer Olympics, games of the XXXVII Olympiad
Khomein

**Khomein** (, also romanized as **Khomeyn**, **Khumayn**, and **Khūmaīn**) is a city in and the capital of Khomeyn County, Markazi Province, Iran.  At the 2006 census, its population was 64,031, in 17,399 families. The city is the birthplace of the Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of the Iranian Revolution.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Khomeyn
- **native name**: خمين
- **settlement type**: City
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Markazi Province, Markazi
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Khomeyn County, Khomeyn
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Khomeyn County), Central
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 64031
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +03:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Standard Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +04:30
- **elevation m**: 519
Sorkheh

**Sorkheh** (, also Romanized as **Surkheh**) is a city in and the capital of Sorkheh County, in Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,062, in 2,686 families. Its inhabitants speak Sorkhei, a Semnani language or dialect.

## Notable people

- Hassan Rouhani (1948–), President of Iran from 2013 to 2021.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Sorkheh
- **settlement type**: City
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Semnan Province, Semnan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Sorkheh County, Sorkheh
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Sorkheh County), Central
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 9062
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Iran, Language(s)
- **blank info sec1**: Sorkhei language, Sorkhei, Persian language, Persian
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
- **elevation m**: 1100
Semnan province

**Semnan is a Semnani/Komsi Caspiani province, it** is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Located north of the country, its center is Semnan.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Semnan Province
- **native name**: استان سمنان
- **native name lang**: fa
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **image map**: Locator map Iran Semnan Province.png
- **map alt**: Map of Iran with Semnān highlighted
- **map caption**: Location of Semnān within Iran
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **parts type**: Counties of Iran, Counties
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: 8
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Semnan, Iran, Semnan
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Abbās Rahī
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 97491
- **population total**: 589512
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Iran, Main language(s)
- **blank info sec1**: Semnani/Komsi Caspiani
- **timezone1**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1**: +03:30
- **timezone1 dst**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +04:30
Tommy Gunn

**Tommy Gunn** (born May 13, 1967 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey) is an American pornographic actor. He began his career in pornographic movies in 2004.

## Related pages

- Rocco Siffredi
Semnan

**Semnan** may refer to:

- Semnan Province, a province in Iran
- Semnan County, a county in the Semnan Province of Iran
- Semnan, Iran, a city in the Semnan County of Iran
Semnan, Iran

**Semnan** (, also Romanized as **Semnān** and **Samnān**) is a **Semnani Caspiani** city in and capital of Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 124,999, in 36,298 families. Semnan is located 216 kilometers east of Tehran.

## Other websites

- Semnan.ir

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Semnan
- **other name**: Semān
- **native name**: سمنان
- **nickname**: Capital of Qomess
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: **Welcome; **
- **image skyline**: Darvazeye Arg - Semnan 04.JPG
- **image caption**: Entrance to the Citadel of Semnan
- **seal size**: 150px
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Semnan Province, Semnan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Semnan County, Semnan
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Semnan County), Central
- **government type**: Municipality
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Seyyed Mohammad NazemRazavi
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: circa 240BCE by Parni tribesmen
- **established title3**: Incorporated (city)
- **established date3**: 1926
- **population as of**: 2016 census
- **population total**: 185,129
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
- **elevation m**: 1130
- **elevation ft**: 3707
- **area code**: +98 23
- **blank name**: Main Languages
- **blank info**: Semnani/Komsi Caspiani
- **blank1 name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank1 info**: Desert climate#Cold desert climates, BWk
- **website**: http://www.semnan.ir
Razavi Khorasan province

**Razavi Khorasan Province** (, _Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Rażavī_ ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is Mashhad.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Razavi Khorasan Province
- **native name**: استان خراسان رضوی
- **native name lang**: fa
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **image map**: Locator map Iran Razavi Khorasan Province.png
- **map alt**: Map of Iran with Razavi Khorasan highlighted
- **map caption**: Location of Razavi Khorasan within Iran
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **parts type**: Counties of Iran, Counties
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: 19
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Mashhad
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 144681
- **population total**: 5593079
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Iran, Main language(s)
- **blank info sec1**: Persian language, Persian
- **timezone1**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1**: +03:30
- **timezone1 dst**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +04:30
South Khorasan province

**South Khorasan Province** ( _Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Jonūbī_ ) is a province in eastern Iran. Birjand is the centre of the province. Other major cities include Ferdows, Tabas and Qaen.

## Related pages

- Khorasan
- Razavi Khorasan Province
- North Khorasan Province

## Other websites

- The text of the law for division of Khorasan into three provinces (in Persian)
- Cultural Heritage Foundation of Khorasan

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: South Khorasan Province
- **native name**: استان خراسان جنوبی
- **native name lang**: fa
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **image map**: Locator map Iran South Khorasan Province.png
- **map alt**: Map of Iran with South Khorasan highlighted
- **map caption**: Location of South Khorasan within Iran
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **parts type**: Counties of Iran, Counties
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: 11
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Birjand
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 69555
- **population total**: 636420
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Iran, Main language(s)
- **blank info sec1**: Persian language, Persian
- **timezone1**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1**: +03:30
- **timezone1 dst**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +04:30
North Khorasan province

**North Khorasan Province** (, _Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Shomālī_ and Kurdish: Xorasani kurdi) is a province in northeastern Iran. Its capital is Bojnord.

## Other websites

- The text of the law for division of Khorasan into three provinces (in Persian)
- Cultural Heritage Foundation of Khorasan

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: North Khorasan Province
- **native name**: استان خراسان شمالی
- **native name lang**: fa
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **image map**: Locator map Iran North Khorasan Province.png
- **map alt**: Map of Iran with North Khorasan highlighted
- **map caption**: Location of North Khorasan within Iran
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **parts type**: Counties of Iran, Counties
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: 7
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Bojnord
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 28434
- **population total**: 811572
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Iran, Main language(s)
- **blank info sec1**: **Persian language, Persian**
Kurdish language, Kurdish
Turkmen language, Turkmen
Khorasani Turkic language, Khorasani Turkic
- **timezone1**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1**: +03:30
- **timezone1 dst**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +04:30
Bojnord

**Bojnord** (Persian: بجنورد) (also spelled **Bojnūrd**, **Bujnūrd**, **Bojnoord**, or **Bujnurd**.) is the capital city of North Khorasan Province, Iran. It is about  from Tehran.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Bojnurd
- **native name**: بجنورد
- **other name**: Bijangord, Charmoghan
- **image skyline**: Ayyenehkhaneh_bojnoord.jpg
- **image caption**: Mofakham's Mirror House
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: North Khorasan Province, North Khorasan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Bojnord County, Bojnord
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Bojnord County), Central
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Keyvan Dejhout
- **area total km2**: 36
- **population total**: 199791
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: _not observed_
- **utc offset dst**: +3:30
- **elevation m**: 1070
- **area code**: (+98) 584
- **website**: http://www.bojnordcity.ir/
Ardabil

**Ardabil**  (Persian and Azeri: اردبیل, also Romanized as **Ardabīl** and **Ardebīl**) is a historical city in north-western Iran. The name Ardabil comes from the Zoroastrian name of "Artawila", meaning a holy place. Ardabil is the capital of Ardabil Province.  At the 2011 census, its population was 564,365, in 156,324 families, Its inhabitants are ethnic Azeris. Ardabil is also known for the sanctuary and tomb of Shaikh Safî ad-Dîn, eponym of the Safavid Dynasty.

## Other websites

- Ardabil Tourist Attractions
- http://www.irantour.org/Iran/province/ardabil.html .
- http://www.travel-images.com/az-ardebil.html

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ardabil
- **other name**: Ardebil ( Artawila )
- **native name**: اردبیل -دارالارشاد
- **nickname**: دارالارشاد، دارالملک، دارالعرفان، دارالامان و شهر مقدس Darolershad ( Home Of Gentrice )
- **settlement type**: City
- **image caption**: Tomb of Ardabil
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Ardabil Province, Ardabil
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Ardabil County, Ardabil
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Central District (Ardabil County), Central
- **leader title**: M.P.
- **leader name**: Nouradin Pirmoazen, Vali Azarvash, Hassan No'i-Aghdam
- **leader title2**: Governing Body
- **leader name2**: Ardabil City Council
- **area total km2**: 18.011
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 564365
- **population density km2**: 18857
- **population demonym**: Ardabili
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Standard Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
- **elevation m**: 1351
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 56131-56491
- **area code**: (+98) 451
- **website**: [http://www.eardabil.ir/ http://www.eardabil.ir/]
Ardabil province

**Ardabil Province** (, _Ostān-e Ardabīl_ ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is Ardabil. The province was established in 1993 from the eastern part of East Azarbaijan and the northern part of Gilan.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ardabil Province
- **native name**: استان اردبیل
- **native name lang**: fa
- **settlement type**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **image skyline**: Azerbaijan (Iran) Pirbidaq Village.jpg
- **image map**: Locator map Iran Ardabil Province.png
- **map alt**: Map of Iran with Ardabīl highlighted
- **map caption**: Location of Ardabīl within Iran
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: Iran
- **parts type**: Counties of Iran, Counties
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: 10
- **seat type**: Capital (political), Capital
- **seat**: Ardabil
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 17800
- **population total**: 1248488
- **population as of**: 2012
- **population density km2**: auto
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Iran, Main language(s)
- **blank info sec1**: Persian language, Persian (official)
local languages:
Azerbaijani language, Azerbaijani
Talysh language, Talysh
- **timezone1**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1**: +03:30
- **timezone1 dst**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +04:30
Sana'a Governorate

**Sana'a** ( __) is a governorate of Yemen. Its capital is Sana'a, which is also the national capital. However, the city of Sana'a is not part of the governorate. Instead, it forms the separate governorate of Amanat Al-Asemah. The governorate covers an area of 13,850 km². As of 2004, the population was 918,379 inhabitants, however an estimate put it at around 1,109,000 inhabitants in 2011.

## Districts

- Al Haymah Ad Dakhiliyah District
- Al Haymah Al Kharijiyah District
- Al Husn District
- Arhab District
- Attyal District
- Bani Dhabyan District
- Bani Hushaysh District
- Bani Matar District
- Bilad Ar Rus District
- Hamdan District
- Jihanah District
- Khwlan District
- Manakhah District
- Nihm District
- Sa'fan District
- Sanhan District

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Sana'a
- **native name**: صنعاء
- **native name lang**: ar
- **settlement type**: Governorate
- **image map**: Sana'a in Yemen.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Yemen
- **seat**: Sana'a
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 15052
- **population total**: 1,109,000
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
Al Hudaydah Governorate

**Al Hudaydah** ( __) is a governorate of Yemen. Its capital is Al Hudaydah.

## Districts

- Ad Dahi District
- Ad Durayhimi District
- Al Garrahi District
- Al Hajjaylah District
- Al Hali District
- Al Hawak District
- Al Khawkhah District
- Al Mansuriyah District
- Al Marawi'ah District
- Al Mighlaf District
- Al Mina District
- Al Munirah District
- Al Qanawis District
- Alluheyah District
- As Salif District
- As Sukhnah District
- At Tuhayat District
- Az Zaydiyah District
- Az Zuhrah District
- Bajil District
- Bayt al-Faqih District
- Bura District
- Hays District
- Jabal Ra's District
- Kamaran District
- Zabid District

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Al Hudaydah
- **native name**: الحديدة
- **native name lang**: ar
- **settlement type**: Governorate
- **image map**: Al Hudaydah in Yemen.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Yemen
- **seat**: Al Hudaydah
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 17509
- **population total**: 2,621,000
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **parts type**: Yemeni Crisis (2011–present), Occupation
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Houthis (Ansar Allah)
Hajjah Governorate

**Hajjah** ( __) is a governorate of Yemen. Its capital is Hajjah.

## Districts

- Abs District
- Aflah Al Yaman District
- Aflah Ash Shawm District
- Al Jamimah District
- Al Maghrabah District
- Al Mahabishah District
- Al Miftah District
- Ash Shaghadirah District
- Ash Shahil District
- Aslem District
- Bakil Al Mir District
- Bani Al Awam District
- Bani Qa'is District
- Hajjah District
- Hajjah City District
- Harad District
- Hayran District
- Khayran Al Muharraq District
- Ku'aydinah District
- Kuhlan Affar District
- Kuhlan Ash Sharaf District
- Kushar District
- Mabyan District
- Midi District
- Mustaba District
- Najrah District
- Qafl Shamer District
- Qarah District
- Sharas District
- Wadhrah District
- Washhah District

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Hajjah
- **native name**: حجة
- **native name lang**: ar
- **settlement type**: Governorate
- **image map**: Hajjah in Yemen.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Yemen
- **seat**: Hajjah
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 10141
- **population total**: 1,782,000
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
Sa'dah Governorate

**Sa'dah** ( __) is one of the governorates of Yemen. Its capital is Sa'dah.

## Other websites

- IRIN 2007, 'Humanitarian situation in Saada remains poor despite peace agreement', _IRIN_, 31 July. Retrieved on 27 April 2008.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Saada
- **native name lang**: ar
- **settlement type**: Governorate
- **image map**: Sa'dah in Yemen.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Yemen
- **seat**: Sa'dah
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 11375
- **population total**: 838,000
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
Innsbruck Olympics

**Innsbruck Olympics** can mean:
- 1964 Winter Olympics IX Olympic Winter Games
- 1976 Winter Olympics XII Olympic Winter Games
- 2012 Winter Youth Olympics I Winter Youth Olympics
Lake Placid Olympics

**Lake Placid Olympics** can mean:

- 1932 Winter Olympics
- 1980 Winter Olympics
Cortina d'Ampezzo Olympics

**Cortina d'Ampezzo Olympics** can mean:
- 1944 Winter Olympics VI Olympic Winter Games (suspended for World War II)
- 1956 Winter Olympics IV Olympic Winter Games
Garmisch-Partenkirchen Olympics

**Garmisch-Partenkirchen Olympics** can mean:
- 1936 Winter Olympics IV Olympic Winter Games
- 1940 Winter Olympics V Olympic Winter Games (suspended for World War II)
Greyfriars Kirkyard

**Greyfriars Kirkyard** is a cemetery in Edinburgh, Scotland. It surrounds Greyfriars Kirk in the Old Town. Burials have been held since the late 16th century. The kirk and its monuments are protected as a category A-listed building. The kirkyard is said to be haunted.

Many notable Scots are buried in the kirkyard including Sir George Mackenzie, Lord Advocate Mary Erskine, Regent of Scotland George Buchanan, and James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton. The kirkyard is the resting place of Greyfriars Bobby, a Skye terrier who stayed by his master's grave in the kirkyard for 14 years.
Skye terrier

The **Skye terrier** is a breed of dog. It is medium sized with short legs, a long body, and a large head. It has a long coat of hair that protects the animal from injury and bad weather. It is one of the oldest terrier breeds, and has its origins on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, as well as being an extremely almost unfamiliar type of dog in such media such as Doogal. This dog was bred to destroy the pests around farms and livestock. The Skye became popular in the 19th century because Queen Victoria made it a favorite. The most famous Skye terrier in popular media is Greyfriars Bobby. He stayed beside his master's grave for 14 years, rain or shine. There is a statue and fountain in Edinburgh that remembers him.

## Skye Terriers in popular culture

- Greyfiars Bobby, who stayed beside his master's grave for 14 years, rain or shine.
- Dougal, the character from the 2005 film The Magic Roundabout, is a Skye Terrier.
- A terrier patron appears in the Looney Tunes short _Buddy's Pony Express_, although the patron's breed is depicted as a generic hound rather than a Skye Terrier.

## Infobox (dogbreed)

- **country**: Scotland
- **name**: Skye Terrier
- **image**: Skye terrier 800.jpg
- **image caption**: A Skye Terrier
- **kc name**: The Kennel Club
- **kc std**: http://www.the-kennel-club.org.uk/services/public/breed/standard.aspx?id=3077
- **fcistd**: http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/075g03-en.pdf
1945 Empire State Building B-25 crash

The **B-25 Empire State Building crash** was a plane crash that occurred on July 28, 1945. On that date, a B-25 Mitchell plane in heavy fog crashed into the Empire State Building in New York City. It caused 14 deaths (three people in the plane and eleven people in the building). It caused damage of around $1 million.

The plane crashed between the 78th and 80th floors of the building, leaving a 18 ft (5.5 m) by 20 ft (6.1 m) hole in the building. The fire that was started was put out in 40 minutes. It is the only fire at such a height that has been successfully put out. Elevator operator Betty Lou Oliver survived a fall of 75 floors, which is the Guinness World Record for the longest fall survived in an elevator. The building was reopened the Monday after the crash.

## Other websites

- On This Day in Aviation History: July 28th
- Video Footage

## Infobox (aircraft crash)

- **image**: Bomber Crashed into Empire State Building 1945.jpg
- **caption**: The big hole on the side of the Empire State Building
- **date**: July 28, 1945
- **type**: The plane was in Heavy Fog that Crashed into the Empire State Building And a fire started in the building.
- **occurrence type**: Accident
- **site**: Empire State Building, New York City
- **fatalities**: 14 (3 Civilians on the plane, 11 Civilians In the building)
- **survivors**: 0
- **aircraft type**: B-25 Mitchell
- **aircraft name**: North American B-25 Mitchell
- **operator**: U.S Army Air Forces
- **tail number**: 41-30577
- **origin**: Bedford Army Air Field Bedford, Massachusetts
- **crew**: 3
Pulp fiction

**Pulp fiction** is a kind of literature. It gets its name from the cheap, wood pulp paper it was printed on.  Pulp fiction covered several genres: romance, western, science fiction, horror, detective, adventure, etc. It was most popular in the United States during the 1920s–1940s. Publication then decreased, perhaps because television took over the evening hours for readers and magazines were not read as often. Pulp fiction was published in a cheap magazine format often with gaudy covers. Stories were sometimes serialized, meaning the reader had to buy each monthly issue over a period of time to complete a particular story.
Japanese occupation of Hong Kong

The **Japanese occupation of Hong Kong** (Chinese: ) was a time when Japan controlled Hong Kong. It began when the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young, gave up the British Crown colony of Hong Kong to Empire of Japan on 25 December 1941. The occupation lasted for three years and eight months until Japan gave up at the end of Second World War.

## Economics

One day after the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong started, the Japanese military yen was changed to the only legal currency of Hong Kong. In January 1942, two Hong Kong dollars could be converted to one Japanese military yen. However, in July, four Hong Kong dollars were needed to be converted to one Japanese military yen.

## Education

All primary schools and secondary schools had to teach Japanese. They were not allowed to teach English.
2012 Lamma Island ferry collision

On 1 October 2012, two ferries collided off Yung Shue Wan, Lamma Island, Hong Kong. Since the day was the National Day of the People's Republic of China, one of the ships was headed for the commemorative firework display.

39 deaths were caused in the accident.
Anthony Di Pietro

**Anthony Di Pietro** (born 15 February 1969) is an Australian businessman who works in Melbourne. He is the former chairman of the Victorian football club Melbourne Victory. He is also the Chief Executive Officer of a national fruit and vegetable produce company, called 'Premier Fresh Australia'.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Anthony Di Pietro
- **image**: Anthony_Di_Pietro.jpg
- **birth place**: Frankston, Victoria, Australia
- **nationality**: Australian
- **known for**: Chairman, Melbourne Victory FC
- **occupation**: Chief Executive Officer, Premier Fruits Group
- **children**: Two
Vitruvius

**Vitruvius** (probably **Marcus Vitruvius Pollio**) was an Ancient Roman architect and engineer who lived in the 1st century BC. Neither his name, _Marcus_, nor his cognomen _Pollio_ are certain. His main work is called _De architectura_ (About architecture). There are ten books in it. He was probably born between 80 and 70 BC in Campania, and died after 15 BC.
Red Lobster

**Red Lobster** is a casual dining restaurant. The first one opened in March 1969 in Montreal, Quebec. The chain serves seafood, chicken, steak, pasta, flatbread pizzas and cheesecakes. There are 649 Red Lobster restaurants world-wide.

In May 14, 2024, the company announced that it was preparing to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection before Memorial Day weekend, planning to change agreements with its landlords and creditors in efforts to get rid of some of its debt. On May 20, 2024, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after getting over $100 million in financing commitments from its lenders.
Wankel engine

The **Wankel engine** is a type of combustion engine. It is sometimes called a **rotary engine**. The Wankel engine is better than an engine of the reciprocating piston design because it is more compact and simple.
However, so far, nobody has found a good enough solution to the fact that oil (lubricant) has to be burnt along with the fuel. This causes pollution issues, besides wasting oil. This is why most vehicles still use piston engines.

## History

The Wankel engine was first thought of by German engineer Felix Wankel in 1929. He started working on it in the early 1950s along with German car company NSU. Since, it has been used by various other car companies, but mostly in prototype cars. One exception was Mazda, which made several cars that used Wankel engines, with the most well known one being the Mazda RX-7. As of 2021, there are no cars in production that have Wankel engines.

## Way it works

The Wankel engine works in a way similar to that of a regular four-stroke engine but instead of a piston going up and down, a triangle-shaped metal rotor revolves around the rod that connects to the wheels. Unfortunately, the way it works causes it to burn oil (lubricant), and this causes emissions to increase, which is why no cars use this kind of engine nowadays.
Ganz (surname)

**Ganz** is a German surname. People with this name include:

- Bruno Ganz (1941–2019), Swiss actor
- Maurizio Ganz (born 1968), Italian footballer
Tokyo Olympics

**Tokyo Olympics** can mean:

- 1940 Summer Olympics, moved to Helsinki first, then canceled due to World War II
- 1964 Summer Olympics, games of the XVIII Olympiad
- 2020 Summer Olympics, games of the XXXII Olympiad
St. Moritz Olympics

**St. Moritz Olympics** can mean:

- 1928 Winter Olympics
- 1948 Winter Olympics
Parking lot

A **parking lot** (or **car park**) is an area where cars and other vehicles are parked and left temporarily. Parking lots are usually flat. The surface is usually made of asphalt, concrete, or gravel. Some lots may be bare earth. The paving material in a parking lot can heat quickly in the sun. A parked car can get hot, too. Children, older people, and pets such as dogs and cats should not be left in a parked car. They can die in a hot car.

Lines are put on paved lots to create the outlines of parking spaces. People leave their cars in these spaces while they go shopping, go to work, or do errands. Some spaces are set aside for disabled drivers or disabled passengers. These spaces are clearly marked. A disabled driver needs a special badge or insignia issued by the government to use these spaces. Disabled spaces are usually close to the front of a lot. Drivers who are not disabled can be fined or their cars towed if they use these spaces.

Parking lots are usually near businesses, hospitals, government buildings, schools, hotels, zoos, etc. If many people go to these places, then the parking lots will be large. If not too many people go to these places, then the parking lots will be small. Small lots are usually unsupervised. Large lots are usually supervised by an attendant stationed in a small booth at the lot's entrance. He may issue a pass to a vehicle's driver that is stamped with the vehicle's arrival time. He will collect a fee from the driver when the vehicle leaves the lot. Some hotels provide free parking and those parking lots are big enough with lot of entrance.

At a rural event such as a county fair, concert, auction, barn sale, corn maze, or pick-your-own strawberry patch, a parking lot may be nothing more than a large area of bare earth or a meadow that has been mowed for parking. Ropes or bales of hay may be used to mark the area for parking. An attendant may or may not be present. If present, he or she will advise a driver where to park in the lot and may or may not collect a fee.

Parking lots can be dangerous, especially at night. Some lots are poorly supervised and dimly lit. Persons intent on mischief such as tire-slashers or criminal activity such as prostitutes, burglars, thieves, rapists, and drug dealers can operate without being easily seen. Anything valuable such as money, weapons, packages, children, or animals should _never_ be left alone in a parked car. These will tempt thieves and child or animal snatchers.
Broken glass, rusty nails, potholes, and rats can be parking lot hazards to people and their vehicles.

## Automated Parking System

The automated parking system works with a combination of conveyance devices, software technology, and a mobile app for the best user experience. The system consists of an array of electro-mechanical infrastructure and computer-controlled robots. The conveying devices are capable of vertical and horizontal movement and used to store/retrieve vehicles to/from available multi-depth parking positions without human intervention. The very first automated parking garage was built in **1905: Garage Rue de Ponthieu** in Paris, France.

## Related pages

- Parking
Voyage of Slaves

***Voyage of Slaves*** is the third novel in Brian Jacques' _Castaways of the Flying Dutchman_ series. It was released on September 13, 2006 in the UK and September 14, 2006 in the US.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Voyage of Slaves
- **author**: Brian Jacques
- **illustrator**: David Elliot (illustrator), David Elliot
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **series**: Brian Jacques#Castaways of the Flying Dutchman series, Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
- **genre**: Fantasy novel
- **publisher**: Puffin Books
- **release date**: 13 September 2006
- **media type**: Print (Paperback)
- **pages**: 384 pp
- **isbn**: 0399245499
- **preceded by**: The Angel's Command
Greek Orthodox Church

The **Greek Orthodox Church** is a Christian denomination. It is the largest one in Greece and among Greek people worldwide. It is Eastern Orthodox in doctrine. The Church of Greece is the Greek Orthodox church. Its head is the Archbishop of Athens. There are other Greek Orthodox churches in other countries. The Greek Orthodox Church forms the majority in two countries, Greece and Cyprus.

## Related pages

- Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria

## Other websites

- What is the Greek Orthodox Church?
The Great Redwall Feast

***The Great Redwall Feast*** is a picture book written by Brian Jacques. The pictures were drawn by the well-known Redwall artist Christopher Denise. It was published in 1996.

## Plot introduction

_The Great Redwall Feast_ is the first _Redwall_ picture book, and it was written like a ballad. The animals of Redwall Abbey prepare a surprise feast for their abbot.

## Plot summary

_The Great Redwall Feast_ is a story about the creatures of Redwall preparing for a feast while Matthias the Warriormouse, Constance the Badger guardian, Foremole, and the Abbot are traveling in Mossflower Woods looking for a mysterious Bobbatan Weary Nod. The book shows the Abbeydwellers bustling in Redwall, cooking, gathering flowers, and doing other things for the feast for their beloved Abbot (probably Abbot Mordalfus). Many characters from _Redwall_ and _Mattimeo_ are in the book, but the baby mole Bungo is the only character in the book that wasn't in any Redwall novel.

## Illustrations and significance

The warm-colored pictures by Christopher Denise were drawn on brown butcher paper using pastels, and instead of showing the Redwallers getting ready for war, it shows them much happier and friendly, at work in their daily lives.

Brian Jacques said that _The Great Redwall Feast_ was "written a little more for mothers to read to their children, but many Redwall lovers will also enjoy it, because there is the challenge of solving a riddle before the end of the rhyme."

## Translations

- (German) _Das grofte Festmahl von Redwall_

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Great Redwall Feast
- **author**: Brian Jacques
- **illustrator**: Christopher Denise
- **cover artist**: Christopher Denise
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **series**: Redwall
- **genre**: Fantasy
- **publisher**: Hutchinson (publisher), Hutchinson (UK) & Philomel (US)
- **release date**: 1996
- **media type**: Print (Hardback & Paperback)
- **pages**: 64 (UK Hardback) & 64 (US Hardback)
- **isbn**: 0-09-972501-0
- **isbn note**: (UK Hardback) &  (US Hardback)
- **oclc**: 59629180
- **followed by**: A Redwall Winter's Tale
Lightsaber

A **lightsaber** is a weapon used in the fictional _Star Wars_ universe. Lightsabers are mostly used by the Jedi and the Sith, and sometimes other factions.

## Description

A lightsaber resembles a sword, but instead of having a blade made out of metal, lightsabers have a plasma laser beam for the blade, powered by an internal power cell contained within the hilt. This beam is very powerful and can cut through almost anything.

A lightsaber's blade can typically be seen as red, blue, or green. The Sith are known to wield red lightsabers, and the Jedi are known for their signature blue and green lightsabers. In some of the Expanded Universe books, there are lightsabers that appear in a variety of other colors as well.

Luke Skywalker is known to wield a green lightsaber. Jedi Master Mace Windu is famous for his purple lightsaber, contrasting the typical colors of Jedi lightsabers.
Hartford Courant

The **Hartford Courant** is the largest newspaper in the U.S. state of Connecticut. This newspaper is often considered the oldest continuously-published newspaper in the United States. Its headquarters are in Hartford, though it also serves other places in the area. This newspaper was established in 1764.
Biceps

The **biceps**, also called the **biceps brachii**, is a muscle in the arm. It has two parts, a long part and a short part. Using the elbow the muscle helps the movement of the forearm. When the muscle shortens, it bends the elbow and twists the forearm so that the palm faces up. The two parts of the muscle start on different parts of the shoulder blade and end together on the forearm.

The biceps is also a muscle in other quadrupeds. In humans, the muscle is more complex, and allows more complex movement than in other quadrupeds.

The word biceps literally means two-headed, and refers to the fact that the muscle attaches to two different parts of the shoulder. In quadrupeds, the muscle only attaches at one point of the shoulder.
Philanthropy

**Philanthropy** is doing something for the public good to improve other people's lives. A person who does that is called a philanthropist. Philanthropy often involves donating money for things that need to be done.

The word _philanthropy_ comes from Greek words that mean "love of humanity". Former President of Uruguay, José Mujica donated 90% of his salary to charity. This is an example of philanthropy.

Today philanthropy is used for public good, focusing on quality of life. People owning big business donates their salary to charities such as Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, Lee Miglin, Chuck Feeney, Mr Beast and Ted Turner.

## Related pages

- Altruism
- Charitable organization
Tatooine

**Tatooine** is a desert planet in the fictional _Star Wars_ universe. Anakin Skywalker was raised on Tatooine, and his son Luke Skywalker grew up there.

Tatooine is a place with lots of criminals (including Jabba the Hutt), and slavery exists on this planet.
Redhill, Surrey

**Redhill** is a town in the borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey, England. The town is part of the London commuter belt. The town of Reigate is to the west and Greater London is to the north. In 2001, the town, including the two large southern neighbourhoods of Earlswood and Whitebushes, had a total resident population of approximately 26,000 people.
Redhill, Nottinghamshire

**Redhill** is a small community in Nottinghamshire, England. It is part of the bigger town of Arnold. Redhill is about 4 miles north of the city of Nottingham in the borough of Gedling.
The area has a population of approximately 2,000 people.
Naboo

**Naboo** is a planet in the fictional _Star Wars_ universe. It is the home planet of two societies: the Gungans who live in underwater cities and the humans who live in regular cities. Humans of Naboo have a king or queen that they choose, and have a peaceful culture that loves education, the arts, environmental protection and science. The main capital of Naboo is Theed.
Redhill, Somerset

**Redhill** is a village in the parish of Wrington, Somerset, England. It is on the A38 Bridgwater Road. The town is about  south of Bristol and it is close to Bristol Airport. The town is part of the Unitary Authority of North Somerset.