Isle of Man

The **Isle of Man** () is an island in the Irish Sea, off the coast of Great Britain (of which it is a crown dependency). Douglas is the capital city. It also has a flag with a red background and 3 armoured legs joined together - "whichever way you throw us, we always land on our feet".

It has a Parliament called Tynwald which is over 1,000 years old. This makes it the longest running parliament in the world.

## Government

The Isle of Man is a Crown dependency. Foreign affairs, defence, and _good government_ are handled by the British government, but in all other matters the island is independent.

The Isle of Man Government is the executive branch and proposes laws to the legislature, Tynwald. Laws passed by Tynwald are given royal approval by the Lieutenant Governor unless the British Minister of Justice says they do not help the good government of the island.

## Geography

The Isle of Man is an island in the Irish Sea, northwest of the European continent. It is between the United Kingdom and Ireland.

The island is 22 kilometres (km) wide and 52 km long, with a total area of 572 km². It has a total of 160 km of coastline, but no important bodies of water.

Apart from the island itself, the Isle of Man also includes some nearby islands. The most important of these islands are Calf of Man, St Patrick's Isle, and St Michael's Isle.

The island's terrain is varied. It has mountains in the north and south. A valley is more or less in the center of the island, between the cities of Douglas and Peel. The northern part of the island is very flat.

Snaefell is the Isle of Man's highest mountain. Its peak is 621 meters above sea level. Scotland, England, Ireland and Wales are visible from the top of the mountain.

## Weather

The Isle of Man generally has mild weather. Summers are cool and winters are mild and rainy.

On average, the island gets about as much rainfall as the other British Isles. However, elevated parts of the Isle of Man get more rainfall, especially Mount Snaefell. The northern and southern parts of the island are not as rainy as the rest.

The island's temperature is normally cool. The highest temperature ever registered is 28.9° C (84° F) in Ronaldsway. The Isle of Man is not very sunny, but it is less cloudy than other parts of the British Isles; strong winds around the island help keep clouds in constant movement.

## Geology

The island's geology of is notable for the Iapetus Suture, which runs almost unseen right through the rocks of the island. The suture is the remnant of a once huge ocean, the Iapetus Ocean, which was lost about 420 million years ago as three continents came together.

## Environment

The Isle of Man became separated from Ireland and the British Isles about 8500 years ago. Between the melting of glaciers and the rise of sea level, there was a short period that allowed a small number of species to colonize the island by land.

People heavily deforested the island in the Middle Ages, which weakened its environment. Some land is now protected by the government to help preserve its wildlife. Curraghs Wildlife Park, in the wetlands, is home to many species of animals and plants.

### Plant life

A lot of the Isle of Man's plant life, or flora, is composed of shrubs (bushes) and other short plants. Several species of flowering plants, grass, and moss also live there. Mosses on the island contribute to the formation of peat in wet areas.

Common trees include ashes, elms, pines, willows, and hawthorns. Bogs are home to ferns and orchids.

### Birds

The Peregrine Falcon, Merlin, European Robin, Willow Warbler, Song Thrush, Dunnock, Swan and a subspecies of Winter Wren are possibly native to the island and nest in the curraghs. The Chough is also in the Isle of Man, and is more common there than in other parts of Europe.

Some farming methods have decreased the bird population of the island. The Northern Lapwing is now rarely found, and the Yellowhammer is now extinct on the island.

### Insects and animals

18 species of butterfly and 250 species of moth also live on the Isle of Man. Most of them live in the wetlands during different seasons.

The Manx cat originated on the Isle of Man. This breed is known for having short or no tails due to a genetic mutation.

### Curraghs

Many species live in "curraghs" (wetlands in the northeast of the island). Curraghs are protected by the Government of the Isle of Man. During the winter, curraghs are the second largest nesting ground of the Hen Herrier in Europe.

Curraghs Wildlife Park is a major zoo and protected area in these wetlands.

## Other websites

- Manx Government Website A comprehensive site covering many aspects of Manx life from fishing to financial regulation
- Google Maps Satellite Photo
- Isle of Man Guide Large website about the island
- Information on places in the Isle of Man
- Tynwald.org Hansards, Order Papers and Background to the Manx Government.
- Manx Radio The Government/commercial funded radio station for the Isle of Man
- Birching in the Isle of Man 1945-1976 Article about the use of the birch as a judicial punishment in the Isle of Man.
- Manx Notebook Manx History Archive.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Isle of Man
- **common name**: the Isle of Man
- **image flag**: Flag of the Isle of Mann.svg
- **image coat**: Coat of arms of the Isle of Man.svg
- **national motto**:

- **national anthem**: _Isle of Man National Anthem, O Land of Our Birth_

- **royal anthem**: _God Save the King_
- **image map**: The Isle of Man.svg
- **languages type**: Official languages
- **demonym**: Manx people, Manx
- **largest city**: capital
- **government type**: Constitutional Monarchy
 <sup>a</sup>
- **leader title1**: Lord of Mann
- **leader name1**: Charles III
- **leader name2**: Adam Wood
- **leader title3**: Chief Minister of the Isle of Man, Chief Minister
- **leader name3**: Allan Bell
- **legislature**: Tynwald
- **upper house**: Legislative Council of the Isle of Man, Legislative Council
- **lower house**: House of Keys
- **area rank**: 196th
- **area km2**: 572
- **area sq mi**: 221
- **percent water**: 0
- **population estimate**: 84,655
- **population estimate rank**: 202nd
- **population census year**: 2010
- **population density km2**: 148
- **population density sq mi**: 362.4
- **population density rank**: 77th
- **gdp ppp**: $2.113 billion
- **gdp ppp rank**: 162nd
- **gdp ppp year**: 2010
- **gdp ppp per capita**: $35,000
- **gdp ppp per capita rank**: 27th
- **sovereignty type**: Status
- **sovereignty note**: (Crown dependencies, Crown dependency)
- **established event1**: Lord of Mann, Lordship of Mann revested in British crown
- **established date1**:
1765
- **gini**: 41
- **hdi year**: 2010
- **hdi**: 0.849
- **hdi rank**: 14th
- **currency**: Official currency is the Manx pound. The Pound sterling is also used.
- **currency code**: GBP
- **time zone**: Greenwich Mean Time, GMT
- **utc offset**: +0
- **utc offset dst**: +1
- **date format**: dd/mm/yyyy (Anno Domini, AD)
- **drives on**: left
- **calling code**: +44<sup>b</sup>
- **iso3166code**: IM
- **cctld**: .im
- **footnote a**: Parliamentary democracy under constitutional monarchy.