Comparison of American and British English

American English and British English are the two main dialects (types) of the English language. American English is spoken in the United States, while British English is spoken in the United Kingdom. Both types of English are different to each other in some ways, for example in spelling, punctuation, grammar and vocabulary.

## Spelling

There are many words that sound the same in both American and British English but have different spellings, due mainly to the spelling reforms of Noah Webster. British English often keeps more traditional ways of spelling words than American English. For example:

- Most words that end in _-our_ in British English (_colour_, _labour_) end in _-or_ in American English (_color_, _labor_).
- Most words that end in _-re_ in British English (_metre_, _centre_) end in _-er_ in American English (_meter_, _center_).
- Most words from Greek and Latin that are written with _ae_ or _oe_ in British English (_anaemia_, _diarrhoea_) are written with an _e_ in American English (_anemia_, _diarrhea_). But the British spelling _archaeology_ is still common in American English, while the American spellings _encyclopedia_ (from Latin _encyclopaedia_) and _medieval_ (from Latin _mediaevalis_) are common in British English.
- Verbs that may end in _-ise_ or _-yse_ in British English (_analyse_, _realise_) always end in _-ize_ and _-yze_ in American English (_analyze_, _realize_). The Oxford English Dictionary (a dictionary for British English) use verbs end in _-ize_ and _-yse_ (_analyse_, _realize_).
- Nouns that end in _-isation_ in British English (_organisation_, _realisation_) end in _-ization_ in American English (_organization_, _realization_). The Oxford English Dictionary use nouns end in _-ization_.
- Most words of French derivation which end in _-ogue_ in British English (_analogue_, _dialogue_) end in _-og_ in American English (_analog_, _dialog_). However, some words in British spelling, for example _dialogue_, _demagogue_, are still common in American English.
- Inflected words that are written with double _l_ in British English (_cancelled_, _travelled_) are written with a single _l_ in American English (_canceled_, _traveled_). This spelling change is not always followed in American English (_cancellation_).
- Some inflected words written with a silent _e_ at the middle in British English (_ageing_, _judgement_) are written without the silent _e_ in American English (_aging_, _judgment_). This spelling change is not always followed in American English (_changeable_).
- Some past tense verbs end in _-t_ in British English (_learnt_, _spelt_) end in _-ed_ in American English (_learned_, _spelled_). The final letter is usually pronounced in both cases.

Because some chemical elements have different spellings in American and British English, IUPAC has to use only one spelling of a word in their papers. For example:
- _Aluminium_ in British English becomes _aluminum_ in American English. IUPAC uses the British spelling _aluminium_.
- _Caesium_ in British English becomes _cesium_ in American English. IUPAC uses the British spelling _caesium_.
- _Sulphur_, _sulphate_ and _sulphide_ in British English becomes _sulfur_, _sulfate_ and _sulfide_ in American English. IUPAC uses the American spelling _sulfur_.

## Punctuation

Punctuation is the name for the marks used in writing text. Punctuations, for example brackets/parentheses, full stops/periods, quotation marks/inverted commas, have different rules in American and British English.

### Brackets/parentheses

In British English, "( )" marks are sometimes called "brackets", "[ ]" are called "square brackets" and "{ }" are called "curly brackets". In formal British English and in American English, "( )" marks are "parentheses" (singular: parenthesis), "[ ]" are called "brackets" or "square brackets", and "{ }" can be called "curly brackets" or "braces". These marks are used in the same way in both dialects.

### Quotation

The rules on quoting a text is different in American and British English. In American English, " and ' are called "quotation marks". In British English, " and ' are called "inverted commas" or "speech marks". In American English, it is common to use the double quotation mark ( " ) in direct speech. In British English, it is common to use the single inverted comma ( ' ). In American English, periods and commas almost always go inside the last quotation mark "like this." In British English, they go inside or outside depending on whether they are pointing to the whole sentence or only the words inside the quotation marks.

### Grammar

Grammar differences between American and British English encompass various aspects, reflecting their separate linguistic developments and cultural influences. One notable distinction lies in verb usage: while American English often uses the simple past tense ("I just ate"), British English favors the present perfect ("I have just eaten").

## Related articles

- List of dialects of English
- Oxford spelling

## Other websites

- Word substitution list, by the Ubuntu English (United Kingdom) Translators team
- _Linguistics Issues_ List of American, Canadian and British spelling differences
- Map of US English dialects
- The Septic's Companion: A British Slang Dictionary
- British English vs. American English Slang Compared
- British English-American English Vocabulary Quiz