juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jason Everman

**Jason Everman** (born August 16, 1967 in Kodiak, Alaska) is an American guitarist who played with Nirvana and Soundgarden.

## Nirvana

Everman joined Nirvana in February 1989 as a second guitarist. He is listed as being second guitarist on Nirvana's _Bleach_, but did not actually play on any of the tracks.  Nirvana founder Kurt Cobain said the credit was a token of thanks to Everman for paying a fee of US $606.17 to record the album. The cash was never repaid. Everman toured with Nirvana in summer of 1989 in support of _Bleach_. During his time with Nirvana, he can sometimes be seen using Fender guitars, generally the Fender Telecaster.

A two-song Nirvana session featuring Everman on guitar is available, albeit in separate releases. A Kiss cover called "Do You Love Me?" was released on a tribute album and "Dive" was released on 2004's _With the Lights Out_. Both tracks were recorded at Evergreen State College's 24-track studio in June 1989.

## Soundgarden

Everman left Nirvana in July 1989 following a stressful tour and joined Soundgarden the following year as Hiro Yamamoto's temporary successor on bass. In April 1990, he played on the band's cover of The Beatles' "Come Together", which appeared on an EP called _Loudest Love_. Everman appeared in Soundgarden's _Louder Than Live_ home video.  Later in 1990, Everman left the band and Soundgarden found Yamamoto's ultimate successor, bassist Ben Shepherd.

The "Come Together" cover remains the only recorded Soundgarden material to feature Everman.

## Mind Funk

Everman's subsequent projects included a stint on guitar in Mind Funk. In September 1994, he left Mind Funk to join the Army 2nd Ranger Battalion and the Special Forces, serving tours in Afghanistan and Iraq. After his military service he appeared in the documentary _Lemmy_, said he was a member of the Rangers and Special Forces http://i.imgur.com/HI5hf.jp and that "Motorhead is good go to war music."  He also said that "war is a function of the human condition".

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jason Everman
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **img**: JasonEvermanArmySpecialForces.jpg
- **img capt**: Everman serving with the US Army Special Forces in Afghanistan
- **birth name**: Jason Everman
- **origin**: Kodiak, Alaska, Kodiak, Alaska
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock
Alternative rock
Grunge music, Grunge
- **occupation**: Musician, United States Army Rangers, Army Ranger
- **instrument**: Guitars, Guitar
 Bass guitar, Bass
- **associated acts**: Nirvana (band), Nirvana
Soundgarden
Mind Funk
Hiro Yamamoto

(born April 13, 1961) is an American musician. He is a bassist. In 1984, he began the grunge band Soundgarden along with Kim Thayil and Chris Cornell.  In 1989, he left the band after the completion of the _Louder Than Love_ recording sessions.

Chris Cornell said about the recording of the album, "At the time Hiro had excommunicated himself from the band and there wasn't a free-flowing system as far as music went, so I ended up writing a lot of it." Yamamoto was becoming frustrated that he wasn't contributing much, and opted to go back to college. Cornell also said, "It seems an odd time to quit. We're doing real well. We've got a touring budget now. We don't haul amps or do such long van rides any more."

One year later, he started the independent rock band Truly with Screaming Trees drummer Mark Pickerel and Robert Roth from The Storybook Krooks.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Hiro Yamamoto
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Hiro Yamamoto
- **origin**: Richton Park, Illinois, United States
- **instrument**: Bass guitar, bass
- **genre**: Grunge, alternative metal,
- **occupation**: songwriter, bassist
- **years active**: 1984–present
- **label**: Sub Pop, A&M Records, A&M, SST Records, SST
- **associated acts**: Soundgarden
Truly
Applied mathematics

**Applied mathematics** is a field of mathematics which uses mathematics to solve problems of other branches of science. The contrary notion is pure mathematics. There are many fields:

- Approximation theory: Sometimes it is not possible to get an exact solution to a problem, because this might take too long, or it may not be possible at all. Approximation theory looks at ways to get a solution which is close to the exact one, and which can be obtained faster.
- Numerical analysis and simulation: This field investigates various algorithms to get approximations for mathematical problems. The study of numerical linear algebra and validated numerics are also included in this field.
- Probability and Statistics: How likely is it that something will happen? - If a coin is flipped 100 times, and lands heads up 53 times, is this coin good for games of chance, or should another one be taken?
- Optimization is about finding better solutions to problems.
- In ecology certain things are known about populations of animals or plants. This is usually called **Population model**. Biologists use them to tell how a population changes over time.

## Related pages

- Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM)
- International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (IMACS)
- International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics
- Japan Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (JSIAM, Japanese counterpart of SIAM)
- Japan Society for Simulation Technology (JSST, Japanese counterpart of IMACS)

## Other websites

- The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) is a professional society for promoting the interaction between mathematics and other scientific and technical communities. With organizing and sponsoring many conferences, SIAM is a major publisher of research journals and textbooks in applied mathematics.
- The Applicable Mathematics Research Group at Notre Dame University
- Centre for Applicable Mathematics at Liverpool Hope University
- Applicable Mathematics research group at Glasgow Caledonian University
Scott Sundquist

**Scott Sundquist** (born March 7, 1951) is an American musician. He was a drummer for the grunge band Soundgarden between 1985 and 1986.

In 1985, Soundgarden was a recently formed three-piece band with Chris Cornell on vocals and drums, Kim Thayil on guitar, and Hiro Yamamoto on bass.  The band chose Sundquist to be their drummer so Cornell could do the singing.  They traveled around playing various gigs with this lineup for about a year.  Then they recorded three songs for a C/Z Records compilation album of grunge music by Soundgarden and five other bands, which was called Deep Six and was released in March 1986.  This album contains the only recorded Soundgarden material with Sundquist.

Sundquist, who prior to joining the band had been friends with Cornell, was asked to join the band so that Cornell could focus on singing. In 1986, Sundquist left the band to spend time with his family,  He stayed friends with Cornell and Thayil after he left the band.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Scott Sundquist
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Scott Sundquist
- **origin**: Titlow Beach, WA
- **instrument**: Drum kit, Drums, percussion, harmonica
- **genre**: Heavy metal music, Heavy metal, grunge, alternative metal
- **occupation**: Musician
- **years active**: 1985-?
- **label**: Sub Pop
- **associated acts**: Soundgarden
A-ha

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: A-ha
- **image**: A-haVistalegre19.JPG
- **caption**: A-ha in concert at Palacio Vistalegre, Madrid, Spain, in 2010 (left to right: Magne Furuholmen, Morten Harket, Paul Waaktaar-Savoy)
- **landscape**: Yes
- **origin**: Oslo, Norway
- **spinoff of**: Bridges (band), Bridges
- **current members**: * Morten Harket
* Magne Furuholmen
* Paul Waaktaar-Savoy
Professional baseball

**Baseball** is a team sport which is played by several **professional leagues** all over the world. In these leagues, players are selected for their talents and are paid to play for a team. One of the most popular professional baseball leagues is Major League Baseball, which has teams in the United States and Canada. Another league is Nippon Professional Baseball, which is in Japan. MLB baseball is spilt into two leagues, the National and the American league.

## Related pages

- Major League Baseball
- Minor league baseball
Anglicisation

**Anglicisation** or **anglicization** is the act of changing of spoken or written elements of another language into a form that can more easily be understood by an English speaker. It often happens when English speakers interact with many different cultures.

For instance, the Italian name of the city of Rome, the capital of Italy, is **'. English speakers call it "Rome" to make it sound more English. Another example is the city of Moscow in Russia, which sounds like _Moskva_ in Russian, though it is written much differently because Russian uses the Cyrillic alphabet (it is written in that language as ). Still, English speakers call the city "Moscow" because it is easier to say.

Most of these changes were made a few centuries ago. In some cases the original language was different to the modern one. Turin in the Piedmont province of Italy was called **' in Piedmontese, the native language of the region, but is now officially known as **' after its Italian name. The English and French name for Florence, also in Italy, is closer to the original name in Latin (**') than is the modern Italian name of __.

Anglicization has both a political and cultural dimension. Most Welsh and Scottish Gaelic place names were once anglicized when they were under English rule. Now that they have their own local parliaments, they changed the official names back again. In Scotland, however, few people speak Gaelic, so in most places the English versions are almost always used. On the other hand, in Wales, where there are plenty of Welsh speaking people, all road signs need to be in both English and Welsh.
Offensive tackle

In American and Canadian football, **offensive tackles** (**OT**, **T**) are a part of the offensive line. As is other offensive linemen, their job is to block the players on the defense from getting to the offensive player who has the football.
Jeanne Rij-Rousseau

**Jeanne Rij-Rousseau** (10 June 1870 – 22 October 1956) was a French Cubist painter and an art theoretician.

Rij-Rousseau was born in Candé. From 1890 on, she lived in Paris and moved in an artistic circle with painters of the "Ile de la Grande Jatte" in Montmartre. She was a student of Maurice Denis and Paul Sérusier. Sérusier's had ideas about the relationship of music and painting. She used these ideas to form the theory of vibrism, which is a combination  of Synthetic Cubism of the pre-war period and Larionov and Goncharova's Rayonism.

Juan Gris was a close friend of hers. From 1911 on, Rij-Rousseau showed her works in Salon d'Automne, Salon des Indépendants and Salon Tuileries. In 1920, she was a member of the artist circle called Section d'Or. She  often traveled to South France, especially to Céret, and also to Germany, Belgium and Switzerland. Her paintings were displayed in Zurich, Brussels, New York, and Boston.

In Aubusson and Beauvais' manufactories large-size tapestries designed by her were produced. In 1925, she was awarded a gold medal for one of them in the first Arts Décoratifs' exhibition.
Guillaume Apollinaire named her a "searcher", and her colour choices were admired by Florent Fels and André Salmon.

Also in 1925, Rij-Rousseau founded the Association of Modern-Age Female Painters. She exhibited with Suzanne Duchamp and Marie Laurencin, among others. Aside from Colette, Rij-Rousseau's biography was published in the book, _Führende Frauen Europas_ by Elga Kern as a representative of French art.

Her fame did not last long, and in 1956 she died lonely, impoverished and forgotten in her great-niece's house in Savigny-sur-Braye. Her final exhibition in Château de Blois in 1959 attracted little notice, and the whereabouts of the 70 exhibited paintings are still unknown. Her estate has been scattered throughout the world. Paintings are trafficked in N.Y., Chicago, London, and Paris. Some works are in Parisan museums, in Blois, and in Grenoble, but especially in private collectors' homes.

Research on this painter of the French Modern Age is still in its beginnings.

## Further reading

- Debray, Cécile; Lucbert, Françoise. _La Section d'or_. Edition Cercle d'Art. Paris 2000
- Kern, Elga. _Führende Frauen Europas_. Ernst Reinhardt Verlag München 1930
Napalm Death

**Napalm Death** are a heavy metal band from Meriden, West Midlands, England. They play a very loud and angry kind of heavy metal called grindcore. Napalm death helped make grindcore. The band made the shortest song in the world, named "You Suffer". It is only 1.316 seconds long. Their first album, _Scum_, caused a lot of change in the metal community. It had many songs that were about 20-60 seconds long.

## Studio albums

- _Scum_ (1987)
- _From Enslavement to Obliteration_ (1988)
- _Harmony Corruption_ (1990)
- _Utopia Banished_ (1992)
- _Fear, Emptiness, Despair_ (1994)
- _Diatribes_ (1996)
- _Inside the Torn Apart_ (1997)
- _Words from the Exit Wound_ (1998)
- _Enemy of the Music Business_ (2000)
- _Order of the Leech_ (2002)
- _The Code Is Red...Long Live the Code_ (2005)
- _Smear Campaign_ (2006)
- _Time Waits for No Slave_ (2009)
- _Utilitarian_ (2012)
- _Apex Predator – Easy Meat_ (2015)
- _Throes of Joy in the Jaws of Defeatism_ (2020)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Napalm Death
- **img**: Napalm Death @ Hammerfest 2010 190.jpg
- **img capt**: Napalm Death in 2010
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Meriden, West Midlands, England, United Kingdom
- **genre**: Grindcore, death metal
- **years active**: 1981–present
- **label**: Century Media Records, Century Media, Spitfire Records, Spitfire, Earache Records, Earache
- **associated acts**: Benediction (band), Benediction, Blood from the Soul, Brujeria (band), Brujeria, Carcass (band), Carcass, Cathedral (band), Cathedral, Defecation (band), Defecation, Doom (UK band), Doom, Meathook Seed, Extreme Noise Terror, Godflesh, Lock Up (UK band), Lock Up, Scorn (band), Scorn, Terrorizer, Unseen Terror, Venomous Concept
- **current members**: Shane Embury
Barney Greenway, Mark "Barney" Greenway
Mitch Harris
Danny Herrera (musician), Danny Herrera
Chuck Schuldiner

**Charles Michael "Chuck" Schuldiner**  (May 13, 1967 – September 11, 2001) was an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. He was a key member of the death metal band, Death. The band were a major influence on other death metal bands. He is often called _ 'the Father of Death metal' _ He died in the September 11 attacks in New Baton Rouge, LouiseLakeana

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Chuck Schuldiner
- **image**: Chuck Schuldiner.jpg
- **caption**: Chuck Schuldiner on tour in Scotland, 1992
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Charles Michael Schuldiner
- **alias**: "The Father of Death Metal", "Evil Chuck" (at start of career)
- **origin**: Glen Cove, New York
- **occupation**: Musician, songwriter
- **instrument**: Singing, Vocals, guitar, bass guitar, bass
- **genre**: Death metal, progressive metal, technical death metal, heavy metal music, heavy metal
- **years active**: 1983–2001
- **associated acts**: Death (metal band), Death
Slaughter (Canadian band), Slaughter
Control Denied
 Voodoocult
- **website**: [http://www.emptywords.org The Official Chuck Schuldiner Website]
Atonement

**Atonement** is an idea found in both Christianity and Judaism that describes how sin can be forgiven by God. In Judaism, this was done by rituals performed by the High Priest on the holiest day of the Jewish year: Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement). In Christian theology the atonement refers to the forgiving or pardoning of sins through the death of  Jesus Christ.
Mark Henry

**Mark Jerrold Henry** (born June 12, 1971) is an American professional wrestler, powerlifter, weightlifter, and strongman. He is best known for his time in the WWE, where he worked from 1996 to 2021. He also worked for All Elite Wrestling (AEW) as a commentator, coach, and talent scout.

Henry also competed at the Olympics in 1992 and 1996. He won a gold, silver, and bronze medal at the 1995 Pan American Games.  Since 1995, Henry has held the record for squat, deadlift, and total, as the USAPL American record in deadlift. He won the Arnold Strongman Classic in 2002. He was inducted into the International Sports Hall of Fame in 2012.

During his time in the WWE, Henry was a one-time ECW Champion, one-time World Heavyweight Champion, and one-time European Champion. In 2018, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Big Show. He also had a gimmick in the WWE called the "Hall of Pain". Henry would beat wrestlers up and in some cases, crush their leg in a steel chair to induct them into the Hall of Pain.

On May 30, 2021, Henry made his debut for All Elite Wrestling at Double or Nothing. AEW hired him to be a coach and commentator for their _Rampage_ show. He left AEW in May 2024.

## Personal life

Henry has an older brother named Pat. He lives in Austin, Texas with his wife Jana, son Jacob, and daughter Joanna. He also has a two-foot ferret named Pipe. He drives a Hummer that he won in the 2002 Arnold Strongman Classic. On September 10, 2012, Henry served as one of the pallbearers for actor Michael Clarke Duncan's funeral.

In March 2019, Henry pledged to donate his brain to CTE research once he dies.

## Championships and accomplishments

- **Cauliflower Alley Club**
    - Iron Mike Mazurki Award (2019)
- **George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame**
    - Frank Gotch Award (2021)
- ***Pro Wrestling Illustrated***
    - Most Improved Wrestler of the Year (2011)
    - Ranked No. 9 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2012
    - Ranked No. 472 of the top 500 greatest wrestlers in the "PWI Years" in 2003
- **World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE**
    - ECW Championship (1 time)
    - World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
    - WWF European Championship (1 time)
    - WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2018)
    - Brisbane Cup (2006)
    - Slammy Award (3 times)
        - "Holy $#!+ Move of the Year" (2011)
        - Feat of Strength of the Year (2013)
        - Match of the Year (2014) –

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Mark Henry
- **birth name**: Mark Jerrold Henry
- **image**: Mark Henry (44524091810).jpg
- **caption**: Henry in 2018
- **family**: Kevin Henry (cousin)
- **names**: **Mark Henry**
Markswoggle
- **height**: 6 ft 4 in
- **weight**: 360-412 lbs
- **children**: 2
- **birth place**: Silsbee, Texas, U.S.
- **billed**: Silsbee, Texas, U.S.
- **trainer**: Leo Burke
Tom Prichard
- **debut**: September 21, 1996
- **retired**: Greatest Royal Rumble, April 27, 2018
Cold War Kids

The **Cold War Kids** are an indie rock band. The members are Nathan Willett (lead vocalist, piano, guitar), Jonnie Russel (guitar, vocal, percussion), Matt Maust (bass guitar), and Matt Aveiro (drums). They met and formed the band in Long Beach, California, US.

They released their first album, _Robbers and Cowards_, in 2006. Their second album, _Loyalty to Loyalty_, was released in September 2008.

### Albums

- _Robbers & Cowards_ (2006) #173 US, #35 UK
- _Loyalty to Loyalty_ (2008)
- _Mine is Yours_ (2011)
- _Dear Miss Lonelyhearts_ (2013)
- _Hold My Home_ (2014)
- _L.A. Divine_ (2017)
- _New Age Norms 1_ (2019)
- _New Age Norms 2_ (2020)

### EPs

- _Mulberry Street_ (2005)
- _With Our Wallets Full_ (2006)
- _Up in Rags_ (2006)
- _Live from SoHo_ (2007)  (iTunes Exclusive)
- _We Used to Vacation_ (2007)
- _Benefit At The District_ (2007)
- _Live at Fingerprints_ (2008)
- _Live from the Paradiso_ (2008)
- _Behave Yourself_ (2010)
- _Tuxedos_ (2013)
- _Five Quick Cuts_ (2015)
- _Los Feliz Blvd_ (2017)

### Singles

- "Hair Down" (2006)
- "We Used To Vacation" (2006)
- "Hang Me Up to Dry" (2007) UK #57
- "Hospital Beds" (2007)
- "Hang Me Up to Dry (Re-Release)" (2007) UK #65, #26 US Modern Rockhttp://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.vnuArtistId=767713&model.vnuAlbumId=812097
- "Something is Not Right With Me" (2008) #40 US Modern Rockhttp://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.vnuArtistId=767713&model.vnuAlbumId=812097
- "I've Seen Enough" (2008)
- "Audience" (2009)
- "Louder Than Ever" (2010)
- "Skip the Charades" (2012)
- "Miracle Mile" (2013)
- "A Million Eyes" (2014)
- "All This Could Be Yours" (2014)
- "First" (2015)
- "Locker Room Talk" (2016)
- "Love Is Mystical" (2017)
- "Can We Hang On?" (2017)
- "Restless" (2017)
- "Love On the Brain" (featuring Bishop Briggs) (2017)
- "So Tied Up" (featuring Bishop Briggs) (2017)
- "Ordinary Idols" (2018)
- "Complainer" / "4th of July" (2019)
- "Waiting for Your Love" (2019)
- "Dirt in My Eyes" (2020)
- "Who's Gonna Love Me Now" (2020)
- "1 x 1" (featuring Wesley Schultz) (2020)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Cold War Kids
- **img**: ColdWarKids NY07 rotated cropped.jpg
- **img capt**: Cold War Kids performing at the Bowery Ballroom in New York City, 2007
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Long Beach, California
- **genre**: Indie rock, Blues-rock, Soul music, Soul
- **years active**: 2004 – present
- **label**: Monarchy Music
Downtown Records
V2 Records, V2
- **url**: [http://www.coldwarkids.com Official site]
- **current members**: Matt Aveiro
Matt Maust
Jonnie Bo Russell
Nathan Willett
Europe (band)

**Europe** is an American-Swedish rock band.  It was started by Joey Tempest and John Norum in 1979. Their song "The Final Countdown" was a big hit in 1986.

Europe took a break in 1992, but came back in 2003.

## Albums

- _Force_ (1982)
- _Europe_ (1983)
- _Wings of Tomorrow_ (1984)
- _The Final Countdown_ (1986)
- _Out of This World_ (1988)
- _Prisoners in Paradise_ (1991)
- _Start from the Dark_ (2004)
- _Secret Society_ (2006)
- _Last Look at Eden_ (2009)
- _Bag of Bones_ (2012)
- _War of Kings_ (2015)
- _Walk the Earth_ (2017)

## Other websites

- Europe's Official Site
- Europe's official Facebook page

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Europe
- **img**: Europe the band in Stockholm 2016.jpg
- **img capt**: Europe in 2016
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Upplands Väsby, Sweden
St. Cloud, Minnesota, U.S.
- **label**: Hot Records, Epic Records, Epic, Sanctuary Records, Sanctuary
- **associated acts**: Tone Norum, Easy Action (band), Easy Action, Dokken, Glenn Hughes, Brazen Abbot, Last Autumn's Dream
- **url**: [http://europetheband.com europetheband.com]
- **current members**: Joey Tempest
John Norum
John Levén
Mic Michaeli
Ian Haugland
- **past members**: Kee Marcello
Tony Reno
Peter Olsson
Marcel Jacob
Samuel Goldwyn

**Samuel Goldwyn** (August 27, 1882 (claimed but most likely July 1879) – January 31, 1974) was a Polish-American movie producer who made a lot of movies in America.

## Early life

He was born in Warsaw, Poland. His parents died when he was young. He first moved to London, then New York. In New York he worked in a glove factory, then as a glove salesman. After this, he helped his brother-in-law to make movies.

## Companies

He started the Goldwyn Pictures Corporation in 1917. This became part of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1924.

## Movies

Some of his famous movies are Wuthering Heights (1939), The Best Years of Our Lives (1946) and Porgy and Bess (1959).

## Goldwynisms

He often said things that people remembered, such as:
- “I paid too much for it, but it’s worth it.”
- “I had a great idea this morning, but I didn’t like it.”
- “That’s our strongest weak point.”
His sayings are called _Goldwynisms_.

## References

- “Goldwyn, Samuel”, _Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition_
Book of Tobit

The **Book of Tobit** (or **Book of Tobias**) is a book of biblical scripture that is part of the Catholic and Orthodox biblical canon, put forward by the Council of Carthage of 397 and confirmed for Roman Catholics by the Council of Trent (1546). It's listed in _Article VI_ of the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England.

Likely written in the second century BC in Palestine, Tobit is regarded by Protestants as apocryphal. Also, it has never been included within the Tanakh (also known as Old Testament) as canonical by ancient Judaism. However, it is found in the Greek Old Testament (the Septuagint), and Aramaic and Hebrew fragments of the book were discovered in Cave IV at Qumran in 1952.

Tobit goes blind and feels hopeless, but recovers his sight through the advice of an Angel called Raphael. Also mentioned is Tobit's son called Tobias, who is traveling eastward to collect money, accompanied by the Angel, Raphael, who tells Tobit of a woman named Sarah who is looking to get married. Her earlier marriages were not completed because shortly beforehand the man would always die mysteriously, which saddens Sarah. This time, though, the man does not die and in the end Tobias and Sarah are happily married. The story of Tobit is important for its teaching about guardian angels and for the need to always remain loyal to God during difficult times.
Forbidden City

The **Forbidden City**, now known as the **Palace Museum**, is a large historical palace and an art museum in the historical center of Beijing, China.  The site is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is very important to the history and architecture of China. The Forbidden City was the palace of the Emperor of China from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. For almost 500 years, it was as the home of emperors and their houses, as well as the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government.

## Name

The name "Forbidden City" is a translation of the Chinese name _Zijin Cheng_ (). The name _Zijin Cheng_ was used for the first time in 1576. Another English name for Zijin Cheng is "Forbidden Palace". The word _Zi_ means "purple" in Chinese. It means the North Star. This is because in ancient China it was called the _Ziwei_ Star. In Chinese astrology the North Star was the home of the Celestial Emperor. Because the Forbidden City was the home of the emperor on Earth, the Chinese thought that it was Earth's equivalent of the _Ziwei_ Star. _Jin_ means "Forbidden" in Chinese. This was because no one was allowed to go in or out of the palace without the emperor's permission. _Cheng_ means city.

The Chinese don't call the Forbidden Palace _Zijin Cheng_ anymore. They call it _Gùgōng_ (故宫) now. This means the "Former Palace". The museum that is in the Forbidden City is called the "Palace Museum" ().

## History

After Zhu Di became the Yongle Emperor, the capital of China was moved from Nanjing to Beijing. In 1406 construction began on the Forbidden City. The construction of the palace went on for over 14 years and more than a million workers had to work on building it. (1406-1420)

## Other websites

- Official site
- Highlights of the Forbidden City

## Infobox (historic site)

- **embed**: yes
- **area**: 72 hectares
- **built**: 1406–1420
- **architecture**: Chinese architecture
- **architect**: Kuai Xiang
- **website**: (English)
 (Chinese)


## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **child**: yes
- **part of**: Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang
- **id**: 439-001
- **year**: 1987
- **criteria**: Cultural: i, ii, iii, iv


## Infobox (museum)

- **visitors**: 16.7 million
- **established**: 1925
- **type**: Art museum, Imperial Palace, Historic site
- **image**: Forbidden City Beijing Shenwumen Gate.JPG
- **caption**: The Gate of Divine Might, the northern gate. The lower tablet reads "The Palace Museum" ()
- **location**: 4 Jingshan Front St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
- **name**: The Forbidden City

- **curator**: Wang Xudong (curator), Wang Xudong
- **pushpin map**: Beijing#China Beijing


## Infobox (chinese)

- **pic**: Forbidden City (Chinese characters).svg
- **piccap**: "Forbidden City" in Chinese characters
- **picupright**: 0.575
- **c**: 紫禁城
- **l**: "Purple [North Star] Forbidden City"
- **p**: Zǐjìnchéng
- **j**: Zi2-gam3-sing4
- **y**: Jí-gam-sìhng
- **poj**: Chí-kìm-siâⁿ
- **tl**: Tsí-kìm-siânn
- **mnc rom**: dabkūri dorgi hoton
‘Former inner city’
Book of Zechariah

The **Book of Zechariah** is a book of the Bible found in the Old Testament and the Jewish Tanakh thought to be written by the prophet Zechariah.  The name "Zechariah" means "God remembered." We don't know much about Zechariah.  The book itself tells us only that his grandfather was Iddo, a priest who returned with Zerubbabel from Babylon.

Chapters 1 to 6, written in 520 BC, start by telling the nation's history as a warning to the people. Then come eight visions, which show more about the history of Israel. These are to give the people hope. We are then told about the crowning of Jeshua/Joshua the priest. This showed that their religion was being restored.  Then Zechariah tells that the kingdoms of the world will someday become the kingdom of God's Messiah.

Chapters 7 and 8 were written two years later. The people were keeping days of sorrow to remind them of the loss of their city 70 years ago.  They are told that now they can now have days to celebrate the return home and can be assured that now God is with them and will make them happy.

Chapters 9 to 11 tell of a future time when the nations around them would be destroyed by an army, but Jerusalem would be kept from destruction.  This seems to have been talking about the coming of Alexander the Great with his army which happened in 332 BC. Tyre was taken by building a land bridge from the shore to the island city which was thought to be safe from capture. He also destroyed the city of Gaza.  But Alexander did not destroy Jerusalem when he came there.  Zechariah said that after these wars the Messiah would come.

Chapters 12 to 14 tell about the glories that await Israel in "the latter day", the final conflict and triumph of God's kingdom.

Most Christians read the predictions in chapters 7 to 14 as talking about Jesus, either directly or indirectly. These chapters helped the writers of the Gospels understand Jesus’ suffering, death and resurrection, which they quoted as they wrote of Jesus’ final days. One of these quotes is from Chapter 9, verse 9, "Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, your King comes unto you: he is just, and having salvation; lowly, and riding upon a donkey." All four Gospels tell of Jesus riding into Jerusalem on a donkey and two of them say that Zechariah told of this ahead of time.
Book of Zephaniah

The **Book of Zephaniah** is a book of the Bible and is thought to be written by “Zephaniah son of Cushi son of Gedaliah son of Amariah son of Hezekiah, in the days of King Josiah son of Amon of Judah”.

The book begins by telling of God's judgement on the Kingdom of Judah. Three times God says  "I will sweep away" in Chapter 1 verses 1 and 2.  This tells of total destruction.  In the Bible repeating three times makes the warning stronger. The mention in Chapter 1 verse 2 of "humans and animals ... the birds ... the fish" reverses the creation order in Genesis Chapter 1 verse 28, showing the creation is being undone. "From the face of the earth" is a reference to the Genesis flood story in Genesis, where it also tells of an undoing of creation. This is very strong language of the coming destruction because of the sins of the people, corruption and injustice.

In chapter 2, Zephaniah also warns of punishment for many of the surrounding nations.  These will also be destroyed.  The nations mentioned include Philistia, Moab, Ammon,Cush and Assyria.

In Chapter 3, as is common in prophetic literature in the Bible, a "remnant" survives God's judgement in Zephaniah by humbly seeking refuge in God. The book ends in with hope and joy, as God "bursts forth in joyful divine celebration" over his people.
They will return and all the nations will rejoice over this.
Song of Songs

The ***Song of Songs*** is a book of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, and also in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. It is one of the _Five Megillot_ (scrolls). The Song of Songs is also known as the ***Song of Solomon*** or as ***Canticle of Canticles***. It is known as _Aisma_ in the Septuagint, which is short for ῏Αισμα ᾀσμάτων, _Aisma aismatôn_, "Song of Songs" in Greek.

## Author and date

Verse 1 seems to show that the author is Solomon, since it says that it is "Solomon's Song of Songs", but this could also just mean a song _for_ or _about_ Solomon. So, who the author of Song of Songs was is still an often-discussed question.

If Solomon wrote it, it was probable that it was written in around the tenth century B.C. when Solomon was king. In fact, the mention of the cities of Tirzah and Jerusalem so close together (6:4) has been used to say that it was written before King Omri (885-874 B.C.), even though people still do not know exactly why Tirzah was talked about. However, many have also said that the language in the Song of Songs is proof of it being written much later.

Most people think that the similarity of language, style, tone (mood), perspective, and repeated words show that it was written by one author. But others who do not think the Song was written by one person, or even from one time or place, say that this was because all of the Song's parts came from the same literary tradition.

## Other websites

- "The Song of Solomon" by artist Tamar Messer, who is from Israel.
Book of Nehemiah

The **Book of Nehemiah** is a book of the Hebrew Bible, thought to be a continuation of the Book of Ezra, and is sometimes called the second book of Ezra. It is thought to be written by Nehemiah. It is about the return from exile and the rebuilding of Jerusalem. The Book talks about the struggles the Israelites face, such as when they rebuild the walls of the city, non-Israelite people are angry. Another problem is the fact that people are not obeying Jewish law.
Book of Obadiah

The **Book of Obadiah** is found in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament of the Christian Bible where it is the shortest book, only one chapter long. It is thought to have been written by a person named Obadiah, which means “servant (or worshipper) of the Lord”. Obadiah probably wrote the book sometime between 850 and 550 B.C.

The message of Obadiah is given to Edom, a country which was made up of descendants of Esau, who was the twin brother of Jacob.  Jacob is also called Israel and is the ancestor of the Jewish people.  When foreign armies attacked Israel, the people of Edom did not come to their aid, but instead took many things that had belonged to them.  Obadiah said that God would destroy the Edomites because of this.  The Edomites lived in a city that was protected by mountains.  They also had other nations who were their allies in warfare.  They were proud of their wise leaders.  None of these things could protect them from defeat.  Obadiah said that God would give Israel back some lands including the land of the Edomites. Edom no longer exists as a country. Part of what was Edom is now in the kingdom of Jordan.  The ruins of their capitol city Petra is a tourist attraction.
Book of Nahum

The **Book of Nahum** is a book in the Bible's Old Testament and Jewish Tanakh.

We don't know much about who Nahum was. His name means "comforter", and he was from the town of Elkosh or Alqosh (Nahum 1:1), which may have been a town of northern Galilee. He was a Hebrew and may have written from Jerusalem a short time before the downfall of Assyria

Nahum wrote about the final destruction of Nineveh, the capital of the great Assyrian empire. Ashurbanipal the king was at the height of his glory. Nineveh was a large city, and was then the center of the civilization and trade of the world. Jonah had given a warning, and Nahum was followed by Zephaniah, who also told about (Zephaniah 2:4–15) the destruction of the city. The book of Jonah shows us that God had a loving concern for the people of Nineveh, while Nahum tells about the righteousness and justice of God. He says God will punish the Assyrians because of "their cruelty" (Nahum 3:19). Nineveh was burned by fire around 625 BC, after which the Assyrian empire soon came to an end. That made big changes in the political and commercial fate of many in Asia.

Chapter one shows the majesty and might of the LORD God and His goodness and severity.

Chapters two and three tell about the final fall of Nineveh, which took place in 612 BC. Nahum tells about a war and how Nineveh's army tries to stop the invaders. Nahum uses poetry to write as if he were in the battle, giving commands to the soldiers. He uses irony by mentioning the lion as an Assyrian symbol of power; Nineveh is the strong lion with a den full of dead prey but will become weak like the lion hiding in its den. The book ends with a song about the soon destruction of Nineveh and the death of the Assyrian people and end of the once great Assyrian rulers.

Nahum shows God to be slow to anger, but that God will by not ignore the guilty but will bring them to justice. God is presented as a God who will punish evil, but will protect those who trust in Him.
Book of Micah

The **Book of Micah** (Hebrew: ספר מיכה) is one of the books of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.
Scholars believe it was written by Micah the prophet, about 700 years before Jesus was born. Chapter 1 verse 5 says Micah was from Moresheth (a town in southern Judah). He lived during the reigns of Yehotam, Ahaz and Hezekiah, roughly 750–700 BC.

During this time, after a long period of peace, Israel, Judah, and the other nations of the region were threatened by the Neo-Assyrian empire. Micah warns that there would be a military defeat as punishment for worshiping idols and treating poor people badly by the powerful. This happened to the kingdom of Israel (Samaria) in 721 and to the kingdom of Judah (Jerusalem) about 100 years later.  The book contains three cycles of warning about punishment and promise of restoration.

## Quotes

The book of Micah is quoted by the New Testament writer Matthew in chapter 2, verses 5 and 6

- Bethlehem Ephrathah, you are one of the smallest towns in Judah, but out of you I will bring a ruler for Israel, whose family line goes back to ancient times. (chapter 5 verse 2, Good News version).

Jesus quotes Micah chapter 7 verse 6, to say that families will be divided by His message:

- A man’s enemies will be those of his own household. — Matthew chapter 10, verse 36

Modern preachers have often quoted Micah Chapter 6, verse 8

- He has showed you, O man, what is good; and what does the LORD require of you, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God? (American King James Version)
Book of Joel

The **Book of Joel** is part of the Jewish Tanakh, and also the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. Joel describes a plague of locusts in Palestine.

It is hard to know when the Book of Joel was written since the events told about could have happened at any point in time between 850 and 400 BC. Most modern students of the Bible believe the locusts were real insects that destroyed the crops, leaving the people hungry. Others think they are a picture of big armies that will invade the land and destroy. They can also be both things, one past, the other future.  Joel calls on the leaders and people to turn from their sins and ask God to forgive them. God promises to do that both at that time and in the future whenever similar punishments are needed.

The phrase "day of the Lord" is used by Joel to refer to a period when God will punish, but then forgive his people.
Peter, one of Jesus' followers, talked about some verses from Joel to describe what happened on the day of Pentecost when Christians believe that the Holy Spirit was given and Christians talked about Jesus in languages they had never learned.  This led to many people becoming Christians. This is found in the Book of Acts in the New Testament

## Quotes

The great army of locusts advances like darkness spreading over the mountains (2:2)
Book of Hosea

The ***Book of Hosea*** is one of the books of the Hebrew Bible and of the Christian Old Testament.
The book was written roughly between 760 and 720 BC and is about a man who was told by God to marry a woman who would not live with him as she should have done. Even though Hosea brought her back to his house and had some children with her, she kept leaving him and going away to other men.  Hosea was told that his story was a picture of the way God's people treated God, by going after other gods (idols) even though God wanted them to stay with Him and love Him.
Book of Haggai

The **Book of Haggai** is a book of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and of the Old Testament, written by the prophet Haggai. It was written in 520 BCE, some 18 years after Cyrus had taken the kingdom of Babylon and made a law in 538 BCE, so that the captive Jews could return to Judea.

Cyrus also wanted the temple in Jerusalem to be built, so that the worship there could be begun again. Haggai told the people to begin to rebuild second Jerusalem temple. Haggai said that a recent drought was because of the people's refusal to rebuild the temple, which he sees as key to Jerusalem’s glory.

He said that Zerubbabel, governor of Judah, was the Lord’s chosen leader. Haggai writes that three weeks after his first warning, the rebuilding of the Temple began on September 7 521 BCE. "They came and began to work on the house of the LORD Almighty, their God, on the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month in the second year of Darius the King.

This is in Chapter 1 verses 14 and 15.  The Book of Ezra says that it was finished on February 25 516 BCE "The Temple was completed on the third day of the month Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius." (Ezra Chapter 6, verse 15) After this Haggai said that God would bless the people. (Chapter 2, verse 18-19) The book ends by telling about the future downfall of other kingdoms.
Book of Habakkuk

The **Book of Habakkuk** is the eighth book of the 12 minor prophets of the Hebrew Bible. It is thought to be written by the prophet Habakkuk, in the late 7th century BC. In the first part of the book Habakkuk is talking with God about why people are allowed to do evil things. God tells him that He is going to allow the army from Babylon to come and defeat the people of Israel.  This is to punish them for their sins of turning from God and treating people badly. Habakkuk then asks God why he would use the evil nation of Babylon to punish His own people. God replies that the people of Babylon will also later be punished.  In the end Habakkuk accepts God's actions as good and responds with faith.

Several verses in the book are well known. Chapter 2, verse 4 says "the just shall live by faith".  This verse was used by  Saint Paul in two of his letters and also by the writer of the letter to the Hebrews in the New Testament to show that we are accepted by God when we have faith in Him and this leads to right living.  At the end of Chapter 3, Habakkuk states that even if all his crops and animals die and he is left poor, he will be glad in God who saves him.  This is similar to what Job said when bad things happened to him.
Book of Ezra

The **Book of Ezra** is a book of the Bible in the Old Testament and Hebrew Tanakh. It details the return of the Jewish people from their exile in Babylon in the second half of the sixth century BC and the struggles they had. These include having to rebuild their previously destroyed temple and people failing to obey Jewish religious commandments.

## Ezra and Nehemiah

The words that start Nehemiah 1:1, "The words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah", shows that Ezra and Nehemiah were at first two different works. However, they were put together as one in the earliest Hebrew manuscripts. Josephus and the Jewish Talmud talk about the book of Ezra but not a different book of Nehemiah. The oldest manuscripts of the Septuagint also treat Ezra and Nehemiah as one book.

Origen (A.D. 185–253) is the first writer to treat the books as different works. He called them I Ezra and II Ezra. In translating the Latin Vulgate, Jerome called Nehemiah the second book of Esdrae (Ezra). The English translations by Wycliffe (1382) and Coverdale (1535) also called Ezra "I Esdras" and Nehemiah "II Esdras". The same separation first came out in a Hebrew manuscript in 1448.
Aberdeen railway station

**Aberdeen railway station** is a railway station in Aberdeen, Scotland, UK. It first opened in 1867.

## Infobox (gb station)

- **symbol**: rail
- **name**: Aberdeen
- **code**: ABD
- **image name**: Aberdeen Station Concourse in September 2022.jpg
- **caption**: Concourse at Aberdeen station.
- **manager**: Abellio ScotRail
- **locale**: Aberdeen
- **borough**: Aberdeen City Council
- **usage1213**: 3.338
- **int1213**: 0.201
- **usage1314**: 3.599
- **int1314**: 0.219
- **usage1415**: 3.742
- **int1415**: 0.219
- **usage1516**: 3.460
- **int1516**: 0.204
- **usage1617**: 3.058
- **int1617**: 0.192
- **platforms**: 7 (1 platform out of use)
- **original**: Denburn Valley Line
- **pregroup**: Caledonian Railway, CR & Great North of Scotland Railway, GNoSR
- **postgroup**: London Midland and Scottish Railway, LMS & London and North Eastern Railway, LNER
- **years**: 4 November 1867
- **events**: Station opened as **Aberdeen Joint** to replace **' and **'
- **years1**: 1913–1916
- **events1**: Rebuilt
- **years2**: 1952
- **events2**: Renamed **Aberdeen**
- **years3**: 2007–2008
- **events3**: Major refurbishment
- **gridref**: NJ941058
Railway stations of Aberdeen

**Aberdeen railway station** can mean one of the railway stations in the city of Aberdeen, Scotland — only the one now named simply Aberdeen railway station is still in existence:

## Those which have _Aberdeen_ in the station name

- Aberdeen Guild Street railway station on the Aberdeen Railway (closed)
- Aberdeen Joint railway station on Denburn Valley Line connecting the Great North of Scotland Railway and Aberdeen Railway; the present station, now referred to simply as Aberdeen railway station
- Aberdeen Waterloo railway station on the Great North of Scotland Railway (now a freight terminal only)

## Those which don't have _Aberdeen_ in the station name

- Don Street railway station on the Great North of Scotland Railway (closed)
- Holburn Street railway station on the Deeside Railway (closed)
- Hutcheon Street railway station on the Denburn Valley Line (closed)
- Kittybrewster railway stations (three stations have existed in the Kittybrewster area) on the Denburn Valley Line and the Great North of Scotland Railway (all closed)
- Schoolhill railway station on the Denburn Valley Line (closed)
Thomas Friedman

**Thomas Lauren Friedman** (born July 20, 1953) is an American journalist.

Friedman is known for supporting a compromise resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, modernization of the Arab world, environmentalism and globalization.  Although an early supporter of the invasion of Iraq, he later became an outspoken critic of the war and the Bush administration.

## Infobox (celebrity)

- **name**: Thomas L. Friedman
- **image**: Thomas_Friedman_2005_(4).jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **birth place**: St. Louis Park, Minnesota, St. Louis Park, Minnesota, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Author, columnist
- **spouse**: Ann Bucksbaum
- **website**: [http://www.thomaslfriedman.com/ thomaslfriedman.com]