juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Pairi Daiza

**Pairi Daiza** (before **Paradisio**) is a private-owned property that has 55 hectares. It is a zoo and a botanical garden open to the public in Hainaut, Belgium. It has more than 55 acres. In this zoo there are approximately 5,000 animals. Pairi Daiza is owned by Pairi Daiza Belgium SA.

The parks has many different animal species. It also has many different activities and attractions for children.

## Related pages

- List of botanical gardens

## Infobox (zoo)

- **zoo name**: Pairi Daiza (before Paradisio)
- **image**: Paradisio gen.JPG
- **image caption**: View of the park
- **image width**: 250px
- **location**: Hainaut (province), Hainaut, Belgium
- **date opened**: 1993
- **num animals**: 5,000
- **annual visitors**: 900,000 (2009)
- **members**: European Association of Zoos and Aquaria, EAZA, International Species Information System, ISIS
- **website**: [http://www.pairidaiza.eu/fr/index.html www.pairidaiza.eu/fr]
Paradisio

**Paradisio** was a Belgian eurodance group formed in 1994. They released two albums under the now-defunct Border Breakers sublabel of Nippon Crown: the first was the eponymous Paradisio, released in 1997 after its debut single "Bailando" became an international hit in the summer of 1996 and 1997; the second album is titled Tarpeia, also released in 1997. They disbanded briefly from 1998 to 1999, and again in 2003, but reunited in 2009, and in 2011 they recorded and released another album, titled Noche Caliente. It is not to be confused with: Pairi Daiza.
Latin School of Chicago

**The Latin School of Chicago** is a private elementary, middle, and high school in Chicago. The school was founded in 1888 by Mabel Slade Vickery. Latin School of Chicago is the oldest independent day school in the city of Chicago. Nancy Reagan studied at the Latin School.
Euclid, Ohio

**Euclid** is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. It is near Cleveland. It has a population of 49,692 people. It was made a city in 1930.
Clovis point

**Clovis points** are the characteristic spear-heads used by the North American Clovis culture. They date from about 13,500 years ago. They are called after the city of Clovis, New Mexico, where examples were first found in 1929.

To the right is a typical Clovis point. The length is 4–20 cm/1.5–8 inches, width: 2.5–5 cm/1–2 inches. The sides are parallel to convex, and show careful pressure flaking along the blade edge. The back end of the blade and base are shaped for hafting (attaching) to a wooden spear or knife-handle.
Kingdom of Sardinia

The **Kingdom of Sardinia** was a monarchy that ruled the Italian island of Sardinia. It was established in 1324. It was given to the House of Habsburg. They were eventually forced to give it to the House of Savoy. Since the House of Savoy also ruled Piedmont, the Kingdom was sometimes referred to as **Sardinia-Piedmont**. The Savoy family ruled from 1720 till 1861 when Italy officially united itself. Under the Savoy family, the capital of the state was Turin. The territory also included the city and surrounding land of Genoa. In Italian it was known as the _Regno di Sardegna_.

The kingdom was originally made up of the islands of Corsica and Sardinia. Sovereignty over both of those was claimed by the Popes. While under Spanish rule, the state was ruled by viceroys.

## Notable monarchs

- Philip V of Spain ruled over the vast Spanish Empire including Sardinia.
- Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia first of the House of Savoy to rule the territory.
- Victor Emmanuel II of Italy later the first king of a united Italy.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Kingdom of Sardinia
- **native name**: Regno do Sardegna
- **image flag**: State Flag and War Ensign of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1816-1848).svg
- **image coat**: Armoiries Sardaigne 1831.svg
- **symbol type**: The arms of the kingdom while ruled by the Savoys.
- **anthem**: S'hymnu sardu nationale
 <small>National anthem of Sardinia</small>
- **image map**: Ita-sardinia.png
- **map caption**: The location of the Kingdom as united with Piedmont outlooking its relation in modern Italy.
- **capital**: Turin
- **official languages**: Sardinian
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism
- **demonym**: Sardinians, Sardinian
- **government type**: Monarchy
- **legislature**: Parliament (from 1848)
- **upper house**: Subalpine Senate (from 1848)
- **lower house**: Chamber of Deputies (from 1848)
- **established**: Middle ages, Early modern, Late modern
- **established event1**: Establishment
- **established date1**: 1324
- **established event2**: House of Savoy rule
- **established date2**: 1720
- **established event3**: Unification of Italy
- **established date3**: 1861
- **currency**: Sardinian lira (1816–61)
- **life span**: 1324–1861
- **title leader**: King
- **year leader1**: 1324–1327 (first)
- **leader1**: James II of Aragon, James II
- **year leader2**: 1849–1861 (last)
- **leader2**: Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, Victor Emmanuel II
Brita Koivunen

**Brita Koivunen-Einiö** (31 August 1931 – 12 April 2014) was a Finnish jazz and schlager singer. Some of her most famous songs include "Suklaasydän", "Sävel rakkauden" and "Mamma, tuo mies minua tuijottaa" all from the 1950s. She was born in Helsinki.

Koivunen died on 12 April 2014 in Helsinki, aged 82.

## Other websites

- Brita Koivunen biography
Bangladesh–Laos relations

|width=300 colspan=2 align=center||
| --- | --- |
|colspan=2 align=center||
**Bangladesh–Laos relations** refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Laos. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were officially started in 1988. Laos also supports Bangladesh getting observer status in ASEAN.
Norman Girvan

**Norman P. Girvan** (1941 – 9 April 2014) was a Jamaican economist, educator, and politician. He was Secretary General of the Association of Caribbean States from 2000 until 2004. He was born in Saint Andrew Parish, Surrey County.

Girvan suffered a fall in Dominica sometime in early 2014. He died on 9 April 2014 in Cuba, aged 72.

## Related pages

- List of scientists from North America
Michael Sheen

**Michael Christopher Sheen**  (born 5 February 1969) is a Welsh actor. He was first known as a stage actor and appeared in plays such as _Romeo and Juliet_ (1992), _Don't Fool With Love_ (1993), _Peer Gynt_ (1994), _The Seagull_ (1995), _The Homecoming_ (1997) and _Henry V_ (1997). He soon became a screen actor and had many roles in movies such as _The American President_ (1995), _The Deal_ (2003), _The Queen_ (2006), _Frost/Nixon_ (2008), _The Twilight Saga: New Moon_ (2009), _The Damned United_ (2009), _Unthinkable_ (2010), _Alice in Wonderland_ (2010), _Tron: Legacy_ (2010), _Beautiful Boy_ (2010), _The Special Relationship_ (2010) and _The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2_ (2012).

Sheen was born in Newport. He was in a relationship with English actress Kate Beckinsale from 1995 until 2003. They have a daughter, Lily Mo Sheen (born 1999). In mid-2019 Sheen announced that he and his partner, Anna Lundberg, were expecting their first child together. The couple's daughter Lyra was born in 2019.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Michael Sheen
<small>Order of the British Empire, OBE</small>
- **image**: Michael Sheen at PaleyFest 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Sheen in 2014
- **birth name**: Michael Christopher Sheen
- **birth place**: Newport, Wales
- **partner**: Kate Beckinsale
(1995–2003)
- **occupation**: Actor
- **children**: 2
- **years active**: 1991–present
Apple Jacks

**Apple Jacks** is a type of breakfast cereal made by the cereal maker Kellogg's. It has the flavor of apples and cinnamon. The cereal was invented by William Thilly and was introduced in 1965 as "Apple O's". Kellogg's Apple Jacks introduced "Cinnamon Jacks", a multi-grain cinnamon flavored cereal in 2013.

## Advertising

The first Apple Jacks mascot in the 1960s was "Apple Guy", a figure made from cutting a face onto an apple and applying a hat and pieces of cereal for eyes.
In the late 60s the box related an "Apple Car" with pieces of cereal for wheels. This campaign retired around 6 years later in 1971.

## Other websites

- Apple Jacks  on kelloggs.com
- Cinnamon Jacks website
Esmeraldas River

The **Esmeraldas River** is a river in northwestern Ecuador. It flows into the Pacific Ocean at the city of Esmeraldas. Among its tributaries is the Guayllabamba River which drains Quito.
Zarumilla River

The **Zarumilla River** is a river in South America. It marks the border between Peru and Ecuador. It is named after the Peruvian town of Zarumilla.
Tumbes River

The **Tumbes River** ( or **Río Túmbez** in Peru; **Río Puyango** in Ecuador), is a river in South America. The river's sources are located between Ecuadorian El Oro and Loja provinces. It borders Ecuador and Peru. The city of Tumbes is located along the river.
Pastaza River

The **Pastaza** (formerly known as the **Sumatara**) is a large tributary to the Marañón River in the northwestern Amazon Basin of South America. It is in Ecuador.
Pinwheel galaxy

The **Pinwheel galaxy** (**Messier 101**, **M101** or **NGC 5457**) is a face-on unbarred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major, the Great Bear.

The galaxy is 21 million light-years (six megaparsecs) away from us. It was  first discovered by Pierre Méchain on March 27 1781. Charles Messier verified its position and included it in the _Messier Catalogue_ as one of the last entries.

In 2006, NASA and the ESA released a very detailed image of the Pinwheel Galaxy, which was the largest and most detailed image of a galaxy by the Hubble Space Telescope at the time. The image was composed from 51 individual exposures, plus some extra ground-based photos.

## Interesting features

On August 24 2011, a Type Ia supernova, SN 2011fe, was discovered in M101.

A remarkable property of this galaxy are its huge and extremely bright H II regions, of which about 3,000 can be seen on photographs like the Hubble image. H II regions have numbers of short-lived young and massive blue stars formed from clouds of high density molecular hydrogen. These regions give off huge amounts of ultraviolet light that ionizes the surrounding gas.

The galaxy contains ULX-1 (an ultra-luminous X-ray source), which is a relatively small black hole, just 20 to 30 times the mass of our Sun.
Michael Fabricant

**Sir Michael Louis David Fabricant** (born 12 June 1950) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Mid Staffordshire from 1992 to 1997. He has been the MP for Lichfield since 1997.

## Early life

Fabricant was born in Brighton into a Jewish family. He went to Brighton Secondary Technical School.
Bittern

**Bitterns** are waterbirds, living mostly in freshwater sites. They are a type of heron, wading birds in the family Ardeidae. They are shorter-necked, and more secretive than other herons.  Most of them have good camouflage amongst the reeds where they make their nests.

Bitterns form a monophyletic subfamily of the herons, the Botaurinae.

Bitterns usually frequent reedbeds and similar marshy areas, and feed on amphibians, reptiles, insects, and fish. Unlike the similar storks, ibises, and spoonbills, herons and bitterns fly with their necks retracted, not outstretched.

They were called _hæferblæte_ in Old English; the word "bittern" came to English from Old French.

Bitterns are in three genera. The genus _Ixobrychus_ contains mainly small species. The genus _Botaurus_ has the larger bitterns. There is a single species in a third genus, _Zebrilus_. The distribution of bitterns is pretty much worldwide.
Peter Liechti

**Peter Liechti** (8 January 1951 – 6 April 2014) was a Swiss movie director. He directed over 100 Swiss-German movies. He was nominated for many awards.

Most of his movies were shown at the Berlin International Film Festival (BIFF). Recently, he was awarded an honorary awards at the BIFF in 2013. He was born in St. Gallen, Switzerland.

Liechti died on 6 April 2014, aged 63.
Elmwood, Illinois

**Elmwood** is a city in Peoria County, Illinois. It is near the city of Peoria.
Hockey Night in Canada

***Hockey Night in Canada*** is a branding that is used for presentations of the National Hockey League (NHL) by CBC Sports. It started in 1931 on the CNR Radio network. It debuted on television on October 11, 1952. It has different segments during intermissions and between games including Don Cherry's _Coach's Corner_.

On November 26, 2013, it was announced by the NHL that they had reached a 12-year, $5.2 billion deal with Rogers Communications for exclusive television and digital rights to all their national NHL broadcasts starting at the beginning of the 2014-15 season.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Sports (ice hockey)
- **runtime**: 360 minutes+
- **presenter**: Ron MacLean (current)
George Stroumboulopoulos (starting Oct. 2014)
- **narrated**: Jim Hughson
Craig Simpson
Glenn Healy
Mark Lee (sportscaster), Mark Lee
Kevin Weekes
Bob Cole (announcer), Bob Cole
Garry Galley
Dean Brown (sportscaster), Dean Brown
Greg Millen
Elliotte Friedman
Scott Oake
Mitch Peacock
Bruce Rainnie
Kelly Hrudey
P.J. Stock
Mike Milbury
- **opentheme**: "Canadian Gold"
- **theme music composer**: Colin Oberst
- **country**: Canada
- **company**: CBC Sports (1936-2014)
Rogers Communication (as of 2014-2015)
- **network**: CBC Television
- **camera**: multiple-camera setup, multi-camera
- **last aired2**: present
Tropical Storm Thelma

**Tropical Storm Thelma** was a 1991 tropical storm. Its winds were near 45-50 mph. It killed between 5,000 and 8,000 people in the Philippines. It hit Negros Occidental, Leyte Island, and Vietnam. The storm caused also about $28 million in damage.

After this, the name _Thelma_ was not used for tropical storms. It was replaced by _Teresa_.
Jos Chabert

**Jozef P. A.** "**Jos**" **Chabert** (16 March 1933 – 9 April 2014) was a Belgian politician for Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams (Christian Democratic and Flemish; CD&V). He was a Minister of State from 24 November 2009 until his death. Before this, he was a member of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region. He was born in Etterbeek, Brussels-Capital Region.

From 1965 to 1976 he was an alderman of Meise.

Chabert died on 9 April 2014 in Brussels, aged 81.
Emilee Wallace

**Emilee Wallace** (born September 19, 1989) is an American actress.

## Career

Wallace began her acting career in 2005. She has appeared in episodes of the television series _Judging Amy_ (2005), _Grey's Anatomy_ (2006), _Cold Case_ (2008), _Boston Legal_ (2008), _Glee_ (2009, 2013), _Ghost Whisperer_ (2010), _Workaholics_ (2012), _Rizzoli & Isles_ (2012–present). Apart from television work, she also appeared on the television movies _Company Town_ (2006) and _Amish Grace_ (2010), and her first feature movie _Balls Out: Gary the Tennis Coach_ (2008).

### Television

|Year|TV series|Role|Episode count|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2005|_Judging Amy_|Regan Swope|1 episode|
|2006|_Grey's Anatomy_|Amelia Carver|1 episode|
|2008|_Cold Case_|Tamyra Borden (1998)|1 episode|
|2008|_Boston Legal_|Fiona|1 episode|
|2009, 2013|_Glee_|Deaf choir|2 episodes|
|2010|_Ghost Whisperer_|TJ|1 episode|
|2012|_Workaholics_|Whitney|1 episode|
|2012–present|_Rizzoli & Isles_|Cailin Martin|4 episodes|

### Other

|Year|Title|Role|Type|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2006|_Company Town_|Ronni Amberson|TV movie|
|2008|_Balls Out: Gary the Tennis Coach_|Jenny Tuttle|Feature movie|
|2010|_Amish Grace_|Teacher Ruth|TV movie|

## Personal life

Wallace was born in Oklahoma City and raised in Edmond, Oklahoma. Her brother, BJ (born 1991), is also an actor. She went to California State University (CSU) and now lives in Los Angeles, California.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Emilee Wallace
- **birth name**: Emilee Wallace
- **birth place**: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, U.S.
- **alma mater**: California State University
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2005–present
Fred Kida

**Fred Kida** (December 12, 1920 – April 3, 2014) was a Japanese-American  comic book and comic strip artist. He was best known for the 1940s aviator hero Airboy and his antagonist and sometime ally Valkyrie during the Golden Age of Comic Books. He was born in Brooklyn, New York City, New York.

Kida died from natural causes on April 3, 2014, aged 93.

## Other websites

- Fred Kida  at The Comic Book Database
Harry Melling

**Harry Edward Melling** (born 13 March 1989) is an English actor. He is best known for playing Dudley Dursley in the Harry Potter films.

## Early life

Melling was born in London. He became a member of the Millfield Theatre Youth Drama Group when he turned 9.

## Career

Melling appeared in five of the Harry Potter films as Harry Potter's cousin Dudley Dursley. After the Harry Potter films ended Melling went to Lamda drama school.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Harry Melling
- **image**: Harry Melling.jpg
- **birth name**: Harry Edward Melling
- **birth place**: London, England
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 2001–present
Scott Walker (singer)

**Scott Walker** (born **Noel Scott Engel**; January 9, 1943 – March 22, 2019) was an American-born British singer and record producer. He was born in Hamilton, Ohio. He became famous as the lead singer of the pop group The Walker Brothers in the 1960s. After The Walkers Brothers, broke up Walker released albums on his own. Walker was signed to 4AD Records. From 1965, he lived in the United Kingdom. He was an only child. On February 25, 2009, there was a tribute concert to Walker's music in Los Angeles.

Walker died at the age of 76 in London on March 22, 2019 from cancer.
Fine Wind, Clear Morning

***Fine Wind, Clear Morning*** (also known as **South Wind, Clear Sky** and **Red Fuji**) is a woodblock print made by Hokusai.

The art work was printed somewhere between 1830 and 1832 which was during the Edo period. It is the second print in the series, Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji. It shows that in early autumn when the wind is southerly and when the sky is clear, the rising sun can turn Mount Fuji red.

## Other websites

- Fine Wind, Clear Morning on the Indianapolis Museum of Art website
- Fine Wind, Clear Morning  on the British Museum website
Fred Ho

**Fred Ho** (; born **Fred Wei-han Houn**; August 10, 1957 – April 12, 2014) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist, composer, bandleader, playwright, writer, and social activist. He was known for his place in the African-American and Asian-American music movement. He was born in Palo Alto, California.

Ho died of colorectal cancer at his home in Brooklyn, New York City. He was 56.
Alton Towers

**Alton Towers** is a theme park in Staffordshire, England. It is near the town Alton.

It has seven large roller coasters and three smaller roller coasters.

Theme: Escapism or escaping normal life

## Roller coasters

- Galactica - riders fly under the track. First flying roller coaster built by Bolliger & Mabillard.
- Nemesis - riders sit under the track.
- Oblivion - first vertical drop roller coaster [ 87 degrees drop ]
- Rita - 61 mph launched roller coaster.
- The Smiler - first roller coaster that turns riders upside down 14 times.
- Thirteen - riders travel forwards and  backwards., and also has the first free fall drop.
- Wickerman  - wooden roller coaster with fire effects.

## Infobox (amusement park)

- **name**: Alton Towers Resort
- **location**: Alton, Staffordshire, Alton
- **location2**: Staffordshire
- **location3**: England
- **season**: **Theme Park**
Main season: mid March–early November
Santas Sleepovers: Late November-Early January
  **Alton Towers Hotel**
Year-round
**Splash Landings Hotel**
May - October (2017)
**Enchanted Village**
Year-round
**CBeebies Land Hotel**
Year-round
**Alton Towers Waterpark**
Year-round
**Alton Towers Hotel Spa**
Year-round
**Conference Centre**
Year-round
**Enchanted Forest Tree Top Quest**
February–November (2017)
**Extraordinary Golf**
Year-round
- **homepage**: [http://www.altontowers.com/ www.altontowers.com]
- **owner**: Merlin Entertainments Group
- **general manager**: Ian Crabbe
 <small>(Divisional Director)</small>
- **operator**: Alton Towers Resort Operations Ltd.
- **opening date**: <small>(as country estate)</small>
 <small>(as theme park)</small>
- **previous names**: Alton Towers
Alton Abbey
- **visitors**: 1.980 million (2016)
- **area**: (total combined resort area)
- **rides**: 37
- **coasters**: 10
- **water rides**: 2
- **operated by**: Merlin Entertainments Group
- **slogan**: Escape to the Alton Towers Resort
The History Boys

***The History Boys*** is a play by Alan Bennett. It was first shown on 18 May 2004 in London at the Royal National Theatre. It was first shown on Broadway on 23 April 2006 at the Broadhurst Theatre.

## Plot

The play starts in Cutlers' Grammar School in Sheffield. It is set in the early 1980s.
Scott Putesky

**Scott Mitchell Putesky** (April 28, 1968 – October 22, 2017), more famously known as **Daisy Berkowitz**, was an American musician. He was the guitarist for Marilyn Manson until 1996.

Putesky met Brian Warner at a party in 1989. They started Marilyn Manson & the Spooky Kids. He left the band on May 8, 1996.

In March 2013, he  joined with THEE PAUSE, to form "The Daisy Kids".

## Death

Putseky was diagnosed with stage-four colorectal cancer in September 2013. He started chemotherapy that month. He died from the disease on October 22, 2017 in San Antonio, Texas at the age of 49.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Scott Putesky
- **img**: Daisy SMP Berkowitz and THEE PAUSE of The Daisy Kids (cropped).jpg
- **img capt**: Daisy Berkowitz, 2013
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **alias**: Daisy Berkowitz
SMP
Scott Mitchell
- **birth name**: Scott Mitchell Putesky
- **death place**: Boca Raton, Florida, United States
- **origin**: Florida, United States
- **instrument**: Guitar
- **genre**: Industrial rock, alternative metal
- **occupation**: Musician
- **years active**: 1989–2017
- **associated acts**: Marilyn Manson (band), Marilyn Manson
Mrs. Scabtree
Jack Off Jill
Three Ton Gate
The Daisy Kids
Carla Bozulich

**Carla Ragin Bozulich** (born December 24, 1965) is an American musician. She is known for being the lead singer of the Geraldine Fibbers. She was born in New York City. In 1993 _Happy Days, Sweetheart_, the only album by Ethyl Meatplow, a band Bozulich was a member of, was released. In 2003 she released her first solo album, _The Red Headed Stranger_. In 2012 she released an album with Ches Smith.

## Other websites

- Official website
Rolf Brem

**Rolf Brem** (12 February 1926 – 11 April 2014) was a Swiss graphic artist. He was best known as a draftsman, sculptor and illustrator. Many of his sculptures are on display all over Switzerland in public and art galleries. He was born in Lucerne.

Brem died on 11 April 2014 in Meggen, Canton of Lucerne, aged 88.
Palaeoclimatology

**Palaeoclimatology** (or **paleoclimatology**) is the study of changes in climate over paleontology or the entire history of Earth. Modern interest in climate change has caused a great increase in the climates of the past.

The climates of the past can only be studied by proxy. Data comes from studying rocks, sediments, ice and tree rings, corals, shells and microfossils. These records are used to work out the past states of the Earth's climate and its atmospheric system.

Studies of past changes in the life and ecosystems of the past may throw a light on the present. An example is the effect of climate on mass extinctions and the recovery of life after those extinctions.

## Notable climate events in Earth history

Knowledge of precise climatic events decreases as the record goes further back in time. Some notable climate events:
- Faint young Sun
- Huronian glaciation (~2400 mya Earth completely covered in ice probably due to Great Oxygenation Event)
- Later Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth (~600 mya, precursor to the Cambrian Explosion)
- Carboniferous rainforest collapse (~300 mya)
- Permian–Triassic extinction event (251.4 mya)
- Oceanic Anoxic Events (~120 mya, 93 mya, and others)
- Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event ( mya)
- Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (Paleocene–Eocene, 55mya)
- Younger Dryas/The Big Freeze (~11 kya)
- Holocene climatic optimum (~7-3 kya)
- Climate changes of 535–536 AD
- Medieval warm period (900–1300)
- Little ice age (1300–1800)
Ground tissue

**Ground tissue** is the name for a number of different kinds of tissue of plants. These kinds are usually classified by looking at the cell walls. There are three different main kinds:
- **Parenchyma** cells have thin primary walls and usually remain alive after they become mature. Parenchyma forms the "filler" tissue in the soft parts of plants.
- **Collenchyma** cells have thin primary walls with some areas of secondary thickening. Collenchyma provides extra structural support, particularly in regions of new growth.
- **Sclerenchyma** cells have thick lignified secondary walls and often die when mature. Sclerenchyma provides the main structural support to a plant.
Delegation (band)

**Delegation** were a British R&B and soul group. Their songs included "Oh Honey". They were active from 1975 until 1999.

"Oh Honey" was sampled by a lot of musicians in the 1980s and 1990s.
Jelly bean

**Jelly beans** or **jellybeans** are a bean-shaped candy. They have a gel inside in a soft candy shell. They can come in many different flavors. They were created by William Schrafft and were first introduced in 1861. Schrafft wanted people to send the jelly beans that he made to soldiers during the American Civil War.

## History

Historians today believe that jelly beans were first linked with the celebration of Easter in the United States during the 1930s. There are different brands of jelly beans, but the main brand is Jelly Belly. Jelly Beans come in a variety of different flavours. They are chewy candies that are small and gooey. There are also Beanboozled jelly beans which are Jelly Beans with varying flavours. An average jellybean is  x  x  and weighs .
Wall Street (1987 movie)

***Wall Street*** is a 1987 American crime drama movie directed by Oliver Stone. It stars Michael Douglas, Charlie Sheen, Daryl Hannah, Martin Sheen, Eli Wallach, Terence Stamp, and Hal Holbrook. It was released on December 11, 1987 to very positive reviews.

It was followed by a sequel, Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps.
The Fog

***The Fog*** is a 1980 American horror movie directed by John Carpenter. It is set in California. It stars Adrienne Barbeau, Jamie Lee Curtis, Tom Atkins, Janet Leigh, and Hal Holbrook. It was released to positive reviews on February 1, 1980.

A remake was made in 2005.
Magnum Force

***Magnum Force*** is a 1973 American action movie directed by Ted Post. It stars Clint Eastwood, Hal Holbrook, and Mitchell Ryan. It is the first sequel to _Dirty Harry_. It was released to positive reviews on December 25, 1973.
Mark Twain Tonight

***Mark Twain Tonight*** is a one man play starring Hal Holbrook as Mark Twain. His first performance as Twain was in 1954 in a college in Pennsylvania. Holbrook won a Tony Award for his performance as Twain. During this play, Holbrook tells some of Twain's stories or give some jokes about Twain's life.
McLemoresville, Tennessee

**McLemoresville** is a small town in Carroll County, Tennessee. It has the population of 288.

## Notable people

Actress Dixie Carter was born here.
Denison University

**Denison University** is a university in Granville, Ohio. It is a liberal arts college. It is Ohio's second oldest liberal arts colleges. It was founded in 1831.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Denison University
- **image**: Denison University seal2.png
- **image upright**: 0.7
- **former names**: Granville Literary and Theological Institution (1831–1845)
Granville College (1845–1853)
- **type**: Private university, Private liberal arts college
- **endowment**: $1.1 billion (2022)
- **president**: Adam S. Weinberg
- **provost**: Kim Coplin
- **undergrad**: 2,300
- **city**: Granville, Ohio, Granville
- **state**: Ohio
- **country**: United States
- **campus**: including a  biological reserve
- **colors**: Red & white
- **sports nickname**: Big Red
- **logo**: Denison-logo.svg
- **logo upright**: .69
- **faculty**: 292
Rapture (album)

***Rapture*** was the second album from American singer-songwriter Anita Baker. It was her breakout album. The album sold over eight million copies (five million in the United States).

This record was released in 1986. "Sweet Love" was one song from the album.
Belhaven, North Carolina

**Belhaven** is a town in eastern of North Carolina. The town had 1,410 people at the 2020 census.

## Geography

The town is in the Inner Banks areas.
Barry Corbin

**Leonard Barrie Corbin**, known as **Barry Corbin** (born October 16, 1940), is an American actor. He is known for his roles in _Northern Exposure_, _Lonesome Dove_, _WarGames_, _One Tree Hill_, and in _Anger Management_.

Corbin was born in Lamesa, Texas.
William Russell

**William Russell Enoch** (19 November 1924 – 3 June 2024), better known as **William Russell**, was an English actor. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. He was best known for the role as Ian Chesterton in _Doctor Who_. He also had several movie roles such as in _The Man Who Never Was_ (1956), _The Great Escape_ (1963) and _Superman_ (1978). His son, Alfred Enoch, is also an actor.

Russell died on 3 June 2024 from pneumonia, at the age of 99.
Ernesto Laclau

**Ernesto Laclau** (; 6 October 1935 – 13 April 2014) was an Argentine political theorist. He was a post-Marxist. His career began in 1986 as a professor at the University of Essex. He was born in Buenos Aires.

Laclau died of a heart attack in Seville, Spain, aged 78.
Harvey Pekar

**Harvey Lawrence Pekar** (; October 8, 1939 – July 12, 2010) was an American comic book writer, music critic and media personality. He is best known for his autobiographical _American Splendor_ comic series.

In 2003, the series inspired a well-received movie version of the same name.

Pekar was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He suffered from prostate cancer and clinical depression. He died in Cleveland Heights, Ohio from an accidental overdose of antidepressants fluoxetine and bupropion, aged 70.
Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981

The **Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981**, also known as the **ERTA** or "**Kemp-Roth Tax Cut**", was a federal law signed into law in the United States in 1981.

It was an act "to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to encourage economic growth through reductions in individual income tax rates, the expensing of depreciable property, incentives for small businesses, and incentives for savings, and for other purposes".
Tax Reform Act of 1986

The U.S. Congress passed the **Tax Reform Act of 1986** (TRA) to simplify the income tax code, broaden the tax base and take away many tax shelters and other preferences. It was part of a set of bills known as the "Reagan tax cuts".
Reagan's Neshoba County Fair "states' rights" speech

**States' rights** was a speech made by President Ronald Reagan in 1980. It happened in a county fair in Philadelphia, Mississippi.

This is what Reagan said:

Reagan's speech was controversial.

## Other websites

- Recording of Reagan's speech.
An American Life

***An American Life*** is the 1990 autobiography by former American President Ronald Reagan. It was released almost two years after Reagan left office. The book reached number eight on _The New York Times Best Seller list_.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: An American Life
- **author**: Ronald Reagan
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Memoir
- **publisher**: Simon & Schuster
- **media type**: Print
- **release date**: November 15, 1990
- **pages**: 748
- **isbn**: 0-7434-0025-9
- **oclc**: 48994916
Liberal conservatism

**Liberal conservatism** is a political ideology that combines elements of conservatism and economic liberalism. Liberal conservatives believe in the free market and laissez-faire economic policies combined with traditional conservative values, such as the belief in natural inequality, the importance of religion, and the value of traditional morality. In a way, liberal conservatism is the opposite of classical liberalism, a belief that supports both economic and individual freedom.

This term should not be confused for conservative liberalism, which is an offshoot of liberalism, not conservatism.

## Related pages

- Social conservative
Conservative liberalism

**Conservative liberalism** is a political ideology that can be best described as representing the right-wing of the liberal ideology. Conservative liberalism is a more positive and less radical version of classical liberalism. For example, the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, a political party in the Netherlands is a conservative liberal party.

Conservative liberalism should not be confused for liberal conservatism, which is an offshoot of conservatism, not liberalism.
Brian Harradine

**Richard William Brian Harradine** (9 January 1935 – 14 April 2014) was an Australian politician. He served as an independent member of the Australian Senate, from 1975 to 2005. He represented the state of Tasmania. He was the longest-serving independent federal politician in Australian history and a Father of the Senate.

Harradine died in Tasmania, Australia from a stroke, aged 79.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Brian Harradine
- **office**: Australian Senate, Senator for Tasmania
- **term start**: 13 December 1975
- **term end**: 30 June 2005
- **birth place**: Quorn, South Australia
- **death place**: Tasmania, Australia
- **party**: Independent politician, Independent
Economic liberalism

**Economic liberalism** is a political ideology based on strong support for a market economy, private property in the means of production and opposition to government intervention in the economy, e.g. opposition to public ownership and opposing the regulation of industries. Economic liberals believe in the free market and laissez-faire economic policies.
It is also known as complex interdependence.
Philadelphia, Mississippi

**Philadelphia** is a city and a county seat of Neshoba, Mississippi, Mississippi, United States.  The population was 7,118 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Philadelphia, Mississippi
- **named for**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Neshoba County Mississippi Courthouse.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Neshoba County courthouse in Philadelphia
- **image map**: Neshoba_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Philadelphia_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Philadelphia, Mississippi
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Mississippi
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Mississippi, County
- **subdivision name2**: Neshoba County, Mississippi, Neshoba
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 31.66
- **area land km2**: 31.63
- **area water km2**: 0.04
- **area total sq mi**: 12.22
- **area land sq mi**: 12.21
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 7118
- **population density km2**: 225.07
- **population density sq mi**: 582.92
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 129
- **elevation ft**: 423
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 39350
- **area code**: Area code 601, 601
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 28-56960
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0675674
- **website**: [http://www.philadelphiathecity.com City of Philadelphia]
Gordon Jump

**Alexander Gordon Jump** (April 1, 1932 – September 22, 2003) was an American actor. He is known for playing Mr. Horton in a two-part special of _Diff'rent Strokes_. He is also known for playing the Maytag repairman. He was born in Dayton, Ohio.

Jump died in Los Angeles, California from pulmonary fibrosis, aged 71.
Jack Paar

**Jack Harold Paar** (May 1, 1918 – January 27, 2004) was an American author, radio and television comedian and talk show host. He is best known as host of _The Tonight Show_ from 1957 to 1962. He was born in Canton, Ohio.

Paar died in Greenwich, Connecticut from a stroke, aged 85.
Darlington, Indiana

**Darlington** is a town in Montgomery County, Indiana.

## People

It had a population of 711 residents in 2020.
Lewis Black

**Lewis Niles Black** (born August 30, 1948) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for his Comedy Central series _Lewis Black's Root of All Evils_ and for his voice role of Anger in Disney Pixar's _Inside Out_ and its 2024 sequel. He made a regular appearance on _The Daily Show with Jon Stewart_.

Black was born in Silver Spring, Maryland.
Cedarville, Ohio

**Cedarville** is a village in Greene County, Ohio. It has a population of 4,257 people. It is home to Cedarville University.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Cedarville, Ohio
- **settlement type**: Village (United States), Village
- **image skyline**: Cedarville Opera House.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Cedarville's historic Cedarville Opera House, opera house
- **image map**: OHMap-doton-Cedarville.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Cedarville, Ohio
- **image map1**: Map of Greene County Ohio Highlighting Cedarville Village.png
- **mapsize1**: 250px
- **map caption1**: Location of Cedarville in Greene County
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Ohio
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Ohio, County
- **subdivision name2**: Greene County, Ohio, Greene
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **area total sq mi**: 1.35
- **area land sq mi**: 1.31
- **area water sq mi**: 0.04
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 3.51
- **area land km2**: 3.39
- **area water km2**: 0.12
- **elevation ft**: 1047
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 4257
- **population density sq mi**: 3252.10
- **population density km2**: 1255.79
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 45314
- **area code**: Area codes 937 and 326, 937, 326
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 39-12784
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2397584
- **website**: [https://www.cedarville.us/ cedarville.us]
Rafał Sznajder

**Rafał Jerzy Sznajder** (13 October 1972 – 13 April 2014) was a Polish fencer. He competed in three Summer Olympic Games (1996, 2000 and 2004). He won a bronze medal at both the 1997 and 2001 World Fencing Championships. He was born in Będzin.

Sznajder died from a heart attack on 13 April 2014 in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. He was 41.

## Other websites

- Rafał Sznajder  at Sports-Reference.com
Mixels

***Mixels*** is an American animated television series that aired on Cartoon Network and was co-produced by The Lego Group and Cartoon Network Studios. The series first aired on February 12, 2014, with a new episode of _Teen Titans Go!_ entitled "Be Mine". The series revolves around the eponymous creatures known as Mixels, small colorful creatures that can mix and combine with one another. The Mixels are opposed by the evil Nixels, small, discolored and evil creatures led by King Nixel.

Although previous Lego series, such as _Lego Ninjago_ and _Lego Legends of Chima_, use CGI animation, _Mixels_ made use of Toon Boom Harmony software, animated at Atomic Cartoons, Inc., before later being animated traditionally at Digital eMation, Inc., Big Star Entertainment, Inc., and Saerom Animation, Inc. A mobile app was released for the series on March 4, 2014, named _Calling All Mixels_, and even earlier two websites, one on the LEGO website and another owned by Cartoon Network, were launched where fans can learn about the Mixels. Nine series of collectible Lego building toys were also released, based on the characters. On February 19, 2014, the series had begun airing as an interstitial program on Boomerang, and still currently airs as such.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Mixels Logo.png
- **genre**: Comedy
Fantasy
- **creator**: John Fang
David P. Smith
- **creative director**: David P. Smith (Season 1 only)
- **voices**: (See #Characters, Characters)
- **country**: United States
 Denmark
- **language**: English
Danish
- **network**: Cartoon Network
- **num seasons**: 2
- **num episodes**: 31
Diamanda Galás

**Diamanda Galás** (born August 29, 1955) is an American avant-garde artist.

Galás was born and raised in San Diego, California, to Greek Orthodox parents. In 1982 her first album was released. In 1988 Galás joined ACT UP. In 1996 a book she wrote called _The Shit of God_ was published. In 2005 Galás was given the Demetrio Stratos International Career Award.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Diamanda Galás
- **birth place**: San Diego, California, U.S.
- **label**: Mute Records, Intravenal Sound Operations
- **years active**: 1973–present
- **occupation**: Vocalist, keyboardist, composer
- **instrument**: Vocals, piano, keyboard, organ
- **image**:
- **background**: solo_singer
- **alt**: Galás bathed in red light at a piano
- **caption**: Diamanda Galás at Thalia Hall in Chicago, 2016
Emma Stevens

**Emma Nadine Stevens** (born May 4, 1986) is an English singer-songwriter.

## Early life

Stevens was born in Guildford. She grew up in Shalford.

## Other websites

- Official website
Church of Misery

**Church of Misery** (チャーチ・オブ・ミザリー Chāchi obu Mizarī?) is a doom metal band from Tokyo, Japan. Most of their songs are about serial killers. Their first album was released in 2001.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Church of Misery
- **image**: Church Of Misery.jpg
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- **genre**: Doom metal, stoner rock
- **years active**: 1995-present
- **label**: Rise Above Records, Rise Above, Metal Blade Records, Metal Blade, Man's Ruin Records, Man's Ruin, Diwphalanx Records, Diwphalanx
- **website**: [http://www.churchofmisery.net churchofmisery.net]
- **current members**: Hideki Fukasawa
Tatsu Mikami
Junji Narita
Ikuma Kawabe
- **past members**: Yoshiakki Negishi
Tom Sutton
Nobukazu Chow
Tomohiro Nishimura
Hideki Shimizu
Takenori Hoshi
Kensuke Suto
Rossiyane

**Rossiyane** () is a Russian language word that refers to all citizens of Russia. They were mostly born in Russia and mostly live in Russia. It is used in the Russian language to differentiate between people of Russia of all ethnic origins and Russians as an ethnicity (Russian plural: русские _russkiye_). It includes Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvash people, Chechens, etc. Rossiyane have a common history and share a common Russia-related culture. In English the word _Russians_ is ambiguous.

**Rossiyanin** () is the masculine form and **Rossiyanka** () is feminine.
Cucujiformia

The **Cucujiformia** is an infraorder of polyphagan beetles. It includes most plant-eating beetles.

It has six superfamilies:
- Chrysomeloidea ~7 families including longhorn beetles & leaf beetles
- Cleroidea checkered beetles, bark-gnawing beetles and Melyridae, the soft-winged flower beetles
- Cucujoidea 32 families including ladybirds and fungus beetles
- Curculionoidea ~8 families mostly weevils; also snout beetles and bark beetles
- Lymexylidae (ship-timber beetles)
- Tenebrionoidea (formerly "Heteromera") 30 families including blister beetles and ant-like beetles
Aragón (river)

The **Aragón River** (; ) is a river in northern Spain. It is one of the left-hand tributaries of the river Ebro.

The river gave its name to the historic Kingdom of Aragon and, then, to the modern Autonomous Community of Aragón.

## Geography

The Aragón river is  long. Its drainage basin has an area, including the area of the Arga river, of ; without the Arga river, its chief tributary, the area is .

The areas of the different parts of the watershed of the Aragón River are:

|Watershed|Area   (km<sup>2</sup>)|
| --- | --- |
|Upper Aragón|2,196|
|Iratí river|1,594|
|Cidacos river|490|
|Arga river|2,760|
|Whole Aragón (with Arga) || style="text-align:right;"| 8,690||

### Course

The source of the Aragón river is in the Astún Valley, in the Pyrenees, in the Huesca province (Aragon) next to the border with France, at an altitude of .

It leaves the high mountains and flows to the south through the Canfranc valley and then turns to the west in Jaca. In Jaca, its discharge is  but it is increased by some tributaries as Gas, Lubierre, Candanchú, Estarrún, Aragón Subordán, Aragón Veral and Esca. When the river gets into Yesa, where is the Yesa dam, the discharge is .

Below the dam, the Aragón river flows to the southwest into Navarre, and finally flows into the Ebro river at Milagro, where the discharge is .

The main tributaries of the Aragón river are in Navarre; these are Iratí, Cidacos and Arga.

## Other websites

- Tras el curso del río Aragón RAC Vasco Navarro

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Aragón
- **image**: Valle rio aragon.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **image caption**: Aragón river valley in the Huesca province
- **map**: Watershed of the Aragon-fr.png
- **map caption**: Watershed of the Aragón (in dark yellow)
- **source1 location**: Pyrenees Mountains, Central Pyrenees
- **mouth location**: Ebro River
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Spain
Forêt de la Robertsau

The **Forêt de la Robertsau** (English: **Robertsau Forest**) is a forest in Strasbourg and La Wantzenau, France. People go jogging, biking, running and walking there.
Enchanted forest

An **enchanted forest** is a magical forest described in books. It is usually described in old tales and folklore. Usually the magic forest has bad effects rather than good ones.