juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Common eider

The **common eider** (_Somateria mollissima_) is a large sea-duck.  They live on the northern coasts of Europe, North America and eastern Siberia. It breeds in Arctic and some northern temperate regions.  They winter farther south in temperate zones.  There it can form large flocks on coastal waters. It can fly at speeds up to 113 km/h (70 mph).

## Description

The common eider is both the largest of the four eider species and the largest duck found in Europe and in North America.  It measures  in length, weighs  and spans  across the wings. It has a bulky shape and large, wedge-shaped bill. The male is unmistakable, with its black and white plumage and green nape. The female is a brown bird. It can be told apart from all ducks, except other eider species, because of size and head shape. This duck's call is a pleasant "ah-ooo".  The species is often readily approachable.

This species dives for crustaceans and molluscs, with mussels being a favoured food.  The eider will eat mussels by swallowing them whole; the shells are then crushed in their gizzard and excreted.  When eating a crab, the Eider will remove all of its claws and legs, and then eat the body in a similar fashion.

## Social behaviour

Eiders are colonial breeders. They nest on coastal islands in colonies ranging in size of less than 100 to upwards of 10,000-15,000 individuals. Female eiders often return to breed on the same island where they were hatched. This can lead to a high degree of relatedness between individuals nesting on the same island.
King eider

The **king eider** (_Somateria spectabilis_) is a large sea duck.  It breeds along Northern Hemisphere Arctic coasts of northeast Europe, North America and Asia. The birds spend most of the year in coastal marine ecosystems at high latitudes.  They migrate to the Arctic tundra to breed in June and July. They lay four to seven eggs in a scrape on the ground lined with grass and down.

The king eider winters in arctic and subarctic marine areas, most notably in the Bering Sea, the west coast of Greenland, eastern Canada and northern Norway. It also happens yearly off the northeastern United States, Scotland and Kamchatka. Breeding areas include the Arctic coastal tundra of the north coast of Alaska. This species dives for benthic invertebrates, such as crustaceans, polychaete worms, and molluscs, with mussels being a favoured food. Wintering birds can form large flocks on suitable coastal waters, with some flocks bigger than 100,000 birds.

This species is smaller than the common eider. The male is unmistakable with its black body, white breast and multicoloured head. The drake's call is a deep cooing.

The female is a brown bird.  They can still be told apart from all ducks except other eider species on size and structure. The head is shorter than in the common eider, and the feathering onto the bill is rounded, not triangular in shape.

An immature drake is typically all dark with a white breast and a yellow bill patch.

## Traditional Uses

The king eider is a regular source of fresh meat in the spring.  They begin their migration past the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in late April and are hunted in great numbers. In May, several hundred thousand eiders pass Point Barrow in northern Alaska on their way to Alaskan and Canadian breeding grounds.
Joyce Randolph

**Joyce Sirola**  (October 21, 1924 – January 13, 2024) was an American actress. She played Trixie Norton on _The Honeymooners_. Randolph was born on October 21, 1924 in Detroit, Michigan.

She was married to Richard Lincoln Charles from 1955 until his death in 1997. They had a son. She was the last living Honeymooners cast member.

She was professionally known as Joyce Randolph.

Randolph died in her sleep on January 13, 2024 under hospice care in New York City at the age of 99, nine months before her 100th birthday.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joyce Randolph
- **image**: Joyce Randolph 1963 (cropped).JPG
- **caption**: Randolph, December 1963
- **birth name**: Joyce Sirola
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1949–2000
- **known for**: **Trixie Norton** in _The Honeymooners_
- **spouse**: Richard Lincoln Charles (1955-1997; his death)
- **signature**: JoyceRandolph.png
Colonel Sanders

**"Colonel" Harland David Sanders** (September 9, 1890 – December 16, 1980) was an American entrepreneur. He started the company Kentucky Fried Chicken.

Sanders was born in Henryville, Indiana on September 9, 1890. He studied at Southern University. He was married to Josephine King until they divorced. He later married Claudia Price. Sanders had 3 children. Sanders died at age 90 on December 16, 1980 in Louisville, Kentucky from leukemia and pneumonia.

## Other websites

- Kentucky Fried Chicken
Ziegler Polar Expedition

The **Ziegler polar expedition** of 1903–1905 was a failed attempt to reach the North Pole. The party was stranded north of the Arctic Circle for two years before being rescued.  All but one of its members survived. The expedition was paid for by William Ziegler and led by Anthony Fiala.  They left from Tromsø, Norway, on June 14, 1903, aboard _America_.

## Planning

Ziegler chose Anthony Fiala, who was a photographer on an earlier mission, to lead his second polar trip. Fiala calculated that the food for an eight dog team and driver would be at least 1100 pounds. This was an issue, as the most a sled could hold was 600 pounds. He planned to use ponies to carry the extra supplies.  Then to feed the dogs on horse meat when the supplies were low.

## Isolation and rescue

In November 1903 severe weather started.  The ship broke up, destroying the provisions and coal.

The following spring, more tries were made to reach the pole by traveling both east and west.  The conditions were too severe, and open water caused difficulties. Supplies ran low, and the expedition headed south.  They reached depots at Cape Flora, Cape Dillion, and Camp Ziegler.

William Peters, who was second in command, took this time to lead the crew in survey work.  This helped to make maps and charts better.

With the knowledge that rescue ships would be sent to them, the expedition stayed hopeful.  A rescue party, led by William S. Champ aboard the _Terra Nova_, sailed direct to the ice fields. On July 24, they encountered thick ice.  This made the crew doubt they could reach their destination. However the ship reached Palmi Island on July 28 and Cape Dillion the following day. 6 expedition members were found there. More members were found at Cape Flora, and the Terra Nova returned to Cape Dillion. A sled party was organized, which brought back the crew.
Chan's megastick

**Chan's megastick** (***Phobaeticus chani***) is a species of stick insect. It is the longest insect in the world. One specimen in the London Natural History Museum  measures . This is with the front legs fully extended. The body is  long.

Named after amateur Malaysian naturalist, Datuk Chan Chew Lun, only six specimens are known, all from the state of Sabah in Borneo. Very little is known about its biology, but it may live in the canopy of the rainforest, making it especially hard to find. However, there is no evidence, and the related _Phobaeticus kirbyi_ is found on low growing vegetation alongside rainforest paths.

_Phobaeticus chani_ was selected as one of "The Top 10 New Species" described in 2008 by the International Institute for Species Exploration at Arizona State University and an international committee of taxonomists.  The species was also listed as one of the top ten discoveries of the decade in a BBC television documentary (broadcast in either 2010 or 2011).

## Other websites

- Phasmid Study Group: _Phobaeticus chani_
- Image of insect
University of Mainz

The **Universität Mainz** (; abbreviation: _JGU_) is a university in Mainz, Germany. It was founded in the year 1477. In 2012, there were more than 36,000 students.

The University of Mainz has ten faculties:
- Theology
- Social sciences, Media and Sport
- Jurisprudence and Economics
- Medicine
- Philosophy
- Linguistics
- History
- Physics, Mathematics and Computer science
- Chemistry, Pharmacy and Earth sciences
- Biology

## Other websites

- Website of the University of Mainz

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: University of Mainz
- **native name**: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- **image**: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz logo.svg
- **established**: 1477
- **type**: public
- **president**: Georg Krausch
- **staff**: 4,513
- **students**: 37,039
- **city**: Mainz, Germersheim
- **state**: Rhineland-Palatinate
- **country**: Germany
- **website**: [http://www.uni-mainz.de/ www.uni-mainz.de]
Tochigi (city)

is a Japanese city in Tochigi Prefecture.

## History

In the Edo period. Tochigi was a significant city.

In the early Meiji period, the city of Tochigi was the Prefectural capital of the old Tochigi Prefecture.  After the old Utsunomiya Prefecture and Tochigi Prefecture merged, Tochigi City was briefly the prefectural capital.  The capital was moved to Utsunomiya soon after.

## Other websites

- http://www.city.tochigi.tochigi.jp/hp/menu000001000/hpg000000364.htm ; http://www.city.tochigi.tochigi.jp/
Photographic memory

A **photographic memory**, or eidetic memory, is the ability to remember images or objects in great detail after seeing them for only a short time without mnemonic. The existence of this ability is disputed.

The claims made differ somewhat, but stress the recall of visual information. Examples of the information include: pages from books, magazines, and license plate numbers. It is claimed that those with a photographic memory tend to have higher IQs than those without it. A common misconception with photographic memory is that those with it do not use mnemonics. This is actually not the case, sometimes, those with photographic memory still use mnemonics as a form of quick and accurate remembering of things, instead of having to pull it up in their memory over and over again. It's like defining a function in a code instead of having to write it out over and over again. This way, remembering is more efficient and easier to make connections with the given information, but some people with it might not use them if they have a "stronger" form of photographic memory or different learning style/goal with the given information.

The ability is said to occur in the early childhood of a small number of children (between 2 percent and 10 percent) and generally is not found in adults.

## Skeptics

Some do not believe this skill exists. The American cognitive scientist Marvin Minsky, in his book _The Society of Mind_ (1988), thought that reports of photographic memory were an “unfounded myth”.

Adriaan de Groot studied the ability of chess grandmasters to memorize the positions of chess pieces on a chess board. At first, people thought they had photographic memory because they could memorize far more information than nonexperts. However, when shown arrangements of pieces that could never occur in a game, their recall was no better than nonexperts. This suggests that they only have an ability to remember certain types of information, rather than photographic memory.

Around 1970, Charles Stromeyer studied his future wife, Elizabeth. He claimed that she could recall poetry written in a foreign language which she did not understand. She could remember the poetry years after she had first seen the poem. She also could, apparently, recall random dot patterns so as to combine two patterns into a stereoscopic image. She is the only person who is known to have passed such a test. The methods used in the testing procedures were not clear. Additionally, the tests have never been repeated (Elizabeth has consistently refused to repeat them). This raised further concerns, and increased skepticism about whether photographic memories were real.

All in all, the existence of this ability or possessing of it by someone purely depends on the context, and because the learning style is so difficult to comprehend, its existence is questioned. With that being said, there are different "types" of photographic memory in different people, but all of them follow the same pattern, so all the types are generally categorized as one. It is also possible to naturally possess an exceptional memory, but mistake it for photographic memory.
Barnard Courtois

**Barnard Courtois** (12 February 1777–27 September 1838) was a French chemist born in Dijon, France. He discovered iodine.
Kaymak

**Kaymak**  is  a Turkish dairy product. It is similar to clotted cream.

Traditional Turkish kaymak is made from water buffalo milk, but it can also be made from cow milk.

Kaymak is main part of Turkish breakfast. It can be eaten at breakfast with honey or served with desserts.
Hirado, Nagasaki

is a Japanese city in Nagasaki Prefecture.

## History

Hirado has been a port since the Nara period.

During the Edo period, Hirado was the seat of the Hirado Domain. The city developed around Hirado Castle (_Hirado-jō_).

The first Frenchman to arrive in Japan was Francis Caron.  He live in Hirado.

## Geography

The city is located on the island of the same name; and it has expanded to the  island of Kyūshū. The two parts of the city are connected by the Hirado Bridge which was built in 1977.

## Other websites

- http://www.city.hirado.nagasaki.jp/english/home.htm ; [http://www.city.hirado.nagasaki.jp/ ]
- American Friendship Doll at Hirado Kindergarten
Shambali

**Shambali** () is a Middle Eastern sweet cake. It is cake made of semolina sweetened with syrup and topped with peanut. Its shape is rectangular.

It is also known in most of the countries which formed the Ottoman Empire. Its name means "Damascus honey" () and shambali can also be called **Damascus dessert**.
Bitter almond cookie

**Bitter almond cookie** () is a traditional Turkish cookie.

It is made of bitter almonds, sugar and egg whites and topped with almonds. Its paste contains almond extract. A bitter almond cookie is similar to a macaroon.
Sasebo

is a Japanese city in Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2001.

## History

In 1866, Sasebo was established as a major port for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN).

Sasebo became an American Naval base in 1945.

Today it is the center of a military district of the  or JMSDF.

## Other websites

- Sasebo Tourist Information site  in English
Yehoshua Sofer

**Yehoshua Sofer** () is an Israeli hip hop musician and martial artist. He was born in 1958 as **Nigel Wilson** in Jamaica. His family moved to Los Angeles in 1963. There, he studied Tang Soo Do and got a black belt by 1968; at that time, he was just ten. He studied Kuk Sool Won from 1974, and worked as a trainer and bodyguard during the 1970s and 1980s.

## Other websites

- Abir Warriors
Sado, Niigata

is a Japanese city on  in Niigata Prefecture.

## History

Uesugi Kagekatsu took control of the island in the late 1580s.

In the Edo period, gold was discovered on the island. The Tokugawa shogunate took direct control of it. It was administered by an official called the Sado-bugyō for gold mining.  Okubo Nagayasu was appointed to this position by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603.

In the Meiji period, the island became part of Niigata Prefecture.

## Related pages

- Watatsu Shrine

## Other websites

- Sado Tourism Association English language site
- Sado City website 
- Sado Island at JNTO.go.jp
Joseph Black

**Joseph Black** (16 April 1728 - 6 December 1799) was a French-Scottish scientist, physicist, and inventor. He is known for his research on carbon dioxide, latent heat, and specific heat. He also invented the analytic scale.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Joseph Black
- **image**: Joseph Black b1728.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: engraving, Mezzotint engraving of Joseph Black.
- **birth date**: 16 April 1728
- **birth place**: Bordeaux, France
- **death date**: 6 December 1799
- **death place**: Edinburgh, Scotland
- **nationality**: Scottish
- **field**: Medicine, physics, and chemistry
- **alma mater**: University of Glasgow, University of Edinburgh
- **known for**: Latent heat, specific heat, and the discovery of carbon dioxide
- **influenced**: James Watt
Whipping boy

A **whipping boy** was a young boy who grew up with a young prince. If the prince did something wrong, the whipping boy was punished instead of the prince. Because both grew up together, punishing the whipping boy had strong psychological effects on the prince. In England this was very common. For instance, the English king Charles I had many whipping boys for his son.
False memory syndrome

**False memory syndrome** is a medical condition where the memory of a person does not match what actually happened. People with this condition believe their memories, they are usually not aware that the memories may be incorrect. People with the condition often witnessed a traumatic event: In order to cope, people "invent" new memories. Emil Kraepelin, a German psychiatrist, talked about memory falsification, in 1886.
Gavin MacLeod

**Gavin MacLeod** (born **Allan George See**, February 28, 1931 – May 29, 2021) was an American movie, stage, and television actor who was known for his role as Captain Merrill Stubing in _The Love Boat_ and as Murray Slaughter in _The Mary Tyler Moore Show_.

He was born in Mount Kisco, New York on February 28, 1931. He was married to Joan Devore from 1954 until they divorced in 1972, they had four children. He was married to Patti Kending from 1972 until they divorced in 1982 and remarried in 1985.

MacLeod died at his home in Palm Desert, California on May 29, 2021 at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- NNDB Entry

## Infobox (military person)

- **embed**: yes
- **embed title**: Military service
- **branch**: United States Air Force
- **branch label**: Branch
- **battles label**: War
- **serviceyears**: 1952-1954
- **rank**:  Airman
- **serviceyears label**: Years


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gavin MacLeod
- **image**: Gavin Macleod.jpg
- **birth name**: Allan George See
- **birth place**: Mount Kisco, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Palm Desert, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, Christian activist, author
- **years active**: 1955–2017
- **known for**: Murray Slaughter on _The Mary Tyler Moore Show_
Captain Merrill Stubing on _The Love Boat_
- **alma mater**: Ithaca College (Bachelor of Fine Arts, BFA)
- **children**: 4
Tony Bennett

**Tony Bennett** (born **Anthony Dominick Benedetto**, August 3, 1926 – July 21, 2023) was an American singer who was best known for his song "I Left My Heart in San Francisco". During his career, he won 20 Grammy Awards, a Lifetime Achievement Award, and two Primetime Emmy Awards.

## Career

Bennett started singing at an early age. He fought in the final stages of World War II. He had his first number-one popular song with "Because of You" in 1951. Several popular tracks such as "Rags to Riches" followed in early 1953. In 1962, Bennett recorded his best known single, "I Left My Heart in San Francisco". He sang several duets and organized concerts with many well known American and foreign singers, including Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Vicente Fernández and others.

Later in his career, he became known for his collaboration with Lady Gaga, which began with the album _Cheek to Cheek_ (2014). They released another album together _Love for Sale_ (2021). For this album, Bennett broke the individual record for the longest run of a top-10 album on the _Billboard_ 200 chart for any living artist. Bennett also broke the Guinness World Record for the oldest person to release an album of new material, at the age of 95 years and 60 days.

Bennet's final live performances were on August 3 and 5, 2021, when he presented a pair of shows with Lady Gaga at Radio City Music Hall.

## Personal life

Bennett was born at St John’s Hospital in Queens, New York.

He was married three times and had four children. Bennett was a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.

In February 2021, Bennett said that he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2016. He died from the disease on July 21, 2023 in New York City, aged 96.

## Other websites

- Official Tony Bennett music website
- Official Tony Bennett art website
Suzy Amis Cameron

**Suzy Amis Cameron** (born **Susan Elizabeth Amis**; January 5, 1962) is an American environmentalist and writer who used to be an actress and model. She is known for her role as Lizzy Calvert in _Titanic_. She is the wife of Academy Award-winning director James Cameron since 2000; they have four children. She was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She retired from acting in 1999. She also played Eddie Finneran in _The Usual Suspects_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Suzy Amis Cameron
- **image**: Suzy Amis 2.jpg
- **birth name**: Susan Elizabeth Amis
- **birth place**: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **known for**: **Lizzy Calvert** in _Titanic (1997 movie), Titanic_
- **othername**: Suzy Amis Cameron
- **occupation**: Actress, model, environmentalist, writer
- **yearsactive**: 1984–1999
- **spouse**:
Lance LeGault

**Lance LeGault** (**William Lance Legault**, May 2, 1937 – September 10, 2012) was an American movie, television, and voice actor. He was known for his many television roles, mostly in _The A-Team_. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was married to Theresa LeGault from 1984 until his death in 2012. They had four children. He died on September 10, 2012 in his home in Los Angeles, California from unknown causes. He was 77 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lance LeGault
- **birth name**: William Lance Legault
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **nationality**: American
- **othername**: W. L. LeGault
- **occupation**: Movie, television, voice actor
- **spouse**: Theresa LeGault
(1984-2012; his death)
- **children**: 4
Robert Flemyng

**Robert Flemyng** (January 3, 1912 – May 22, 1995) was an English movie, stage, voice, radio and television actor who is known for his role as Professor Bernard Hichcock in _The Horrible Dr. Hichcock_ (1962).

He was born in Liverpool, Lancashire, England. Flemyng was married and had one child. He died on May 22, 1995 in London, England from pneumonia, he was 83 years old.
Ryūkyū Islands

The , also known as the , are a chain of Japanese islands in a line between Kyushu and Taiwan.

## History

In the islands, the  dates from the middle 14th century.  It entered into a tributary relationship with Imperial China.

In the early 17th century, the kingdom entered into a tributary relationship with Japan after the Satsuma Domain invaded.

In 1765, the islands were described by Hayashi Shihei in _Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu_.

### Timeline

- **1314**: Kingdoms of Nanzan, Chūzan, and Hokuzan are founded

- **1429**: Ryūkyū Kingdom is founded

- **1609**: Ryūkyū Kingdom is invaded by the Satsuma Domain, causing its vassal status to Japan and its loss of the Amami Islands

- **1872**: creation of the Ryūkyū Domain, 1872-1879

- **1879**: creation of Okinawa Prefecture

- **1945**: Battle of Okinawa

- **1972**: United States gives the Ryūkyū Islands back to Japan

## Geography

The islands are at the eastern edge of the East China Sea and the western edge of the Pacific Ocean.

The Islands are separated into two geographical regions: the Northern Ryūkyū Islands, centered on Amami Island, and the Southern Ryūkyū Islands, centered on Okinawa Island. Sometimes the Southern Ryūkyū Islands are further divided into the Okinawa Islands and the Sakishima Islands.

The largest of the islands is Okinawa Island.

## Culture

Karate was invented by the local people (mainly from Okinawa). The Japanese phrase "Karate-do" means "way of the empty hand"). The Ryukyuan languages have become rare.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan
- Ryukyuan languages
Jason Segel

**Jason Jordan Segel** (born January 18, 1980) is an American movie, television, and voice actor who is known for his roles as Marshall Eriksen in _How I Met Your Mother_ and Jimmy in the Apple TV+ series _Shrinking_. He has also appeared in _Despicable Me_ (2010) and _The Muppets_ (2011). He was born in Los Angeles, California. He was partners with actress Michelle Williams from 2012 through early 2013.
Gary (rapper)

**Kang Hee-gun** (; born February 24, 1978) is a South Korean rapper. He is better known by his stage name, **Gary** (). He is also a former cast member of the variety show _Running Man_ and musician of hip-hop duo Leessang.

### Albums

- _2002_ (2015)

### Extended plays

- _Mr. Gae_ (2014)
- _2020_ (2020)

### Others

- _Leessang Unplugged_
- _AsuRa BalBalTa_
- _HEXAGONAL_
- _Baekahjeolhyun_ (伯牙絶絃, 백아절현)
- _Black Sun_
- _Library Of Soul_
- _Leessang Special_
- _Jae, Gyebal_ (재,계발)
- _Leessang Of Honey Family_

## Television

- SBS's _Running Man_ (런닝맨), Cast member, 2010–2017

## Movies

- 2012: _Wonderful Radio_ – cameo appearance
- 2008: _Dachimawa Lee_ – cameo appearance

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Gary
- **image**: Kang Gary.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Kang Hee-gun (강희건)
- **birth place**: South Korea
- **origin**: South Korea
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **genre**: hip hop music, hip hop
- **occupation**: Rapper
- **years active**: 1996–present
- **label**: Jungle Entertainment
Desi Arnaz

**Desi Arnaz** (**Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III**, March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986) was a Cuban-born American actor, bandleader, and film and television producer. He is known for playing Ricky Ricardo in _I Love Lucy_.

He was born in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. He was married to Lucille Ball from 1940 until they divorced in 1960. They had a son named Desi Jr, and a daughter named Lucie. Then he was married to Edith Mack Hirsh from 1963 until her death in 1985. Arnaz died from lung cancer in Del Mar, California, on December 2, 1986. He was 69 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Desi Arnaz
- **image**: Desi Arnaz 1950.JPG
- **caption**: Arnaz in 1950
- **birth name**: Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III
- **birth place**: Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
- **death place**: Del Mar, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1936–1982
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
Pig footed bandicoot

The **pig footed bandicoot** {_Chaeropus ecaudatus_) is a small marsupial. The distribution range of species was later reduced to an inland desert region, where it was last recorded in the 1950s. It is now believed to be extinct.

## Description

The pig footed bandicoot has a body which around 23-26 centimetres and a tail 10-15 centimetres. The bandicoot has a pointed ears and large, slender limbs. It had a broad head and a slender snout. Its fur was coarse and straight. Its colour varied from a grizzled grey through fawn orange-brown.

## Habitat

The pig footed bandicoot is known to live in the western Victoria and New South Wales. It inhabited a fairly wide range of types: from grassy woodland and grassland plains to the spinifex country and parched flats of central Australia.

## Diet/ food sources

The pig footed bandicoot only eats plants.
George Pal

**George Pal** (**György Pál Marczincsak**, February 1, 1908 – May 2, 1980) was a Hungarian-American animator, movie director and producer who helped the movie industry grow during the 1950s and 1960s. An award is named after him.

Pal was born in Cegléd, Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire, (now Hungary). He was educated at the Budapest Academy of Arts. He was married to Elizabeth Zsoka from 1930 until his death in 1980, they had two children. Pal died on May 2, 1980 in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack. He was 72 years old.

## Other websites

- NNDB entry
- George Pal
Don Cornelius

**Donald Cortez "Don" Cornelius** (September 27, 1936 – February 1, 2012) was an American television host and television producer. He was known for creating the music franchise series _Soul Train_.

Cornelius was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was married to Delores Harrison until they divorced. He was later married to Viktoria Chapman from 2001 until they divorced. Cornelius committed suicide on February 1, 2012 in Sherman Oaks, California after shooting himself with a gun.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Don Cornelius
- **image**: Don Cornelius at Soul Train 40th anniversary.jpg
- **image size**: 210px
- **caption**: Don Cornelius at the 40th anniversary event for _Soul Train_.
- **birth name**: Donald Cortez Cornelius
- **birth place**: Bronzeville, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Suicide#Firearms, Suicide by gunshot
- **body discovered**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **known for**: Creator of _Soul Train_
WVON home station
- **education**: DuSable High School
- **years active**: 1966–2011
- **occupation**: Television host, producer
- **spouse**: Delores Harrison (1956 – ?) 2 children
 Viktoria Chapman (also known as Viktoria Avila-Cornelius; December 2001 – ?) (divorced)
- **children**: Anthony and Raymond (first marriage)
Shel Silverstein

**Sheldon Allan "Shel" Silverstein** (September 25, 1930 – May 10, 1999) was an American writer, poet, singer-songwriter, musician, composer, cartoonist, screenwriter, and a children's author who is mostly known for his children's book _The Giving Tree_. He has won two Grammy Awards.

Although he's most known for his children's poetry, he also was good at many other things. In the 1950s, while he was serving in the U.S. armed forces, Silverstein drew cartoons for the Pacific Stars and Stripes, an American military newspaper. He started writing and drawing cartoons for Playboy magazine in 1952.

Shel Silverstein also wrote plays. It was Ursula Nordstrom, a book editor, who suggested that he should write for children.

## Career

Silverstein's first book of poetry, _Don’t Bump the Glump! and Other Fantasies_, was published in 1964. He's most well known for his books _A Light in the Attic_, _The Giving Tree_, and _Where the Sidewalk Ends_. He has been compared to other writers, like A. A. Milne, Edward Lear, and Dr. Seuss. Shel Silverstein won multiple awards for his children's poetry books. _Where the Sidewalk Ends_ won the Michigan Young Readers' Award in 1981, and Silverstein also won the George C. Stone Center for Children's Books Award twice in 1984. Two books of poetry were published after Shel Silverstein's death, _Runny Babbit_ and _Every Thing on It_.

## Songs

Silverstein also had success writing songs. Some of his poetry was based on songs he had written.

"A Boy Named Sue" is a song written by Silverstein that was first made popular by Johnny Cash in 1969. That same year Silverstein also recorded it as a single on an album on RCA Records. It was produced by Chet Atkins.

## Personal life

He was born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in both Chicago and in Florida. He died in Key West, Florida on May 10, 1999 after having a heart attack. He was 68 years old.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## References

1. "Shel Silverstein." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Vol. 19. Detroit: Gale, 1999. Biography in Context. Web. Apr. 1, 2014.
1. Carlson, Ann D. "Silverstein, Shel." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2014. Web. Apr. 1, 2014.

## Other websites

- Famous Poets and Poems
- Music inspired by Shel Silverstein
- Shel Silverstein Discography

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Shel Silverstein
- **image**: Portrait of Shel Silverstein in c. 1964 by Jerry Yulsman.jpg
- **birth name**: Sheldon Allan Silverstein
- **birth place**: Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- **death place**: Key West, Florida
- **resting place**: Westlawn Cemetery
Norridge, Illinois
- **occupation**: Author
Poet
Cartoonist
Songwriter
Playwright
- **nationality**: American
- **genre**: Children's fiction
Black comedy
Playwright
- **notableworks**: _Where the Sidewalk Ends (book), Where the Sidewalk Ends_ (1974)
_The Giving Tree_ (1964)
"A Boy Named Sue" (1969)
- **signature**: Shel Silverstein Signature.svg
Adobe After Effects

**Adobe After Effects** is a video editing app developed by Adobe Systems. The current version is 22.6. After Effects is an advanced app which lets you create animations, edits, special effects, and more.
Many-plumed moth

The **many-plumed moths** are the **Alucitidae**, a family of moths with unusually modified wings. Both fore- and hind-wings consist of about six rigid spines, from which radiate flexible bristles. They make a structure similar to a bird's feather.

This is a small family, with 9 genera and 130 species. They are found mostly in temperate to subtropical (but not tropical) regions. They are rare even in parts of their core range; both in Great Britain and North America for example, only one species is found – the Twenty-plume Moth (_Alucita hexadactyla_) – and in America, it is introduced. This smallish moth may be found fluttering in the evening twilight or resting with its "wings" outstretched. Its larvae feed on honeysuckle (_Lonicera_).

On the other hand, in Continental Europe there are many species, mostly of the large genus _Alucita_.
Hypertext

A **hypertext** is a text that is organized like a network. Parts of the text reference other text messages or texts which can directly be accessed. The parts that provide the reference are known as _hyperlinks_. An example of a hypertext is the HTML standard used in the World Wide Web. Wiki<nowiki/>s also use hypertext.
Evolutionary arms race

An **evolutionary arms race** is when two species (or populations) are so linked that a change in one indirectly causes a change in the other. It is a metaphor drawn from the so-called arms race between the West and the Soviet Union, after the World War II. Evolutionary arms races are a kind of coevolution.

### Predator-prey

Predatorprey evolution is the classic example. If a predator gains a new advantage, the prey must answer with a new defense.

Conifers are one example. They grew tall, to some extent out of the reach of sauropod dinosaurs. Dinosaurs grew taller and continued eating the conifers.

Gazelles and cheetahs both run very fast, which helps them catch prey. Both have continued to evolve changes which increase their running speed and thus their hunting abilities. This is another example of predator-prey evolution.

The rough-skinned newt and the garter snake interact to impact toxin resistance, according to a well-researched case study. Where the two species live together, the newt produces more toxin, and the snake has evolved to resist it; where they live separately the newt toxin is milder, and the snake has little resistance. The snakes pay a price for their resistance: their digestion and body metabolism is slower than related species. According to one source: "Really resistant snakes have slower crawl speeds than snakes with little or no resistance".

### Parasite-host

Parasitehost evolution is another classic. As a host species splits into two, so do its parasites. And when the host immune system defends against the parasites, so they adapt and survive.

### Sexual selection

Sexual selection can be a kind of evolutionary arms race.

Female mating preferences were responsible for the evolution of male secondary sex characteristics. Selection is between males in species where female choice is the pairing method.

Sexual conflict between breeding partners is quite common. The basic interests of the male and female can be quite different, and each develops adaptations to get the best 'deal' in terms of offspring. **Males**: their interest is to mate with a large number of completely faithful females, thus spreading their genes widely in the population. **Females**: Their interest is to mate with a large number of fit males, thus producing a large number of fit and _varied_ offspring.
Matt Vogel

**Matthew J. "Matt" Vogel II** (born October 6, 1970) is an American puppeteer. He has worked with the Muppets, _Sesame Street_, and _Oobi_.

In 2017, he started playing Kermit the Frog. He was an understudy for the character Big Bird since 1998. Caroll Spinney, the first person that played Big Bird, retired in 2018. From then on, Matt Vogel played Big Bird full-time.

## Other websites

- Matt Vogel at the Muppet Wiki
- Mighty Weaklings Official Site
Will Lee

**William** "**Will**" **Lee** (born **William Lubovsky**; August 6, 1908 – December 7, 1982) was an American actor and comedian. He was best known for playing Mr. Hooper on _Sesame Street_. Lee was born in Brooklyn, New York.

## Other websites

- Muppet Wiki: Will Lee
Jason Robards

**Jason Nelson Robards, Jr.** (July 26, 1922 – December 26, 2000) was an American actor. He has won two Academy Awards, a Tony Award, and a Emmy Award. Robards was born in Chicago, Illinois on July 26, 1922.

## Personal life

He married to Eleanor Pittman from 1948 to 1958. He married Rachel Taylor from 1959 to 1961. He married Lauren Bacall from 1961 to 1969. He married Lois O'Connor from 1970 to 2000. He had six children. Robards died of lung cancer on December 26, 2000 in Bridgeport, Connecticut.
Availability

**Availability** is a term used in information security to show that a system is running and reachable by those that are supposed to be able to use the system.

Availability is sometimes expressed as a percentage of uptime, such as 99%.  High availability is usually expressed as five nines - 99.999%.  In a 24-hour, 7-day-a-week operation this would be just a little over 5 minutes per year.
Carrot Top

**Scott Thompson** (born February 25, 1965), better known by his stage name **Carrot Top**, is an American stand-up comedian and actor. He is known for his bright red hair, prop comedy, and self-deprecating humor.

## Other websites

- Official website
Jack LaLanne

**Francois Henri** "**Jack**" **LaLanne** (September 26, 1914 – January 23, 2011) was an American inventor, writer, actor, fitness and exercise instructor and expert who was known for helping people to get fit and healthy.

## Early life

LaLanne was born **Francois Henri LaLanne** in San Francisco, California on September 26, 1914. He was raised in Bakersfield, California.

## Career

LaLanne hosted his own show _The Jack LaLanne Show_ and appeared in cameo appearances in some movies. LaLanne was also known for swimming in the San Francisco bay with a small fishing boat tied to a rope in his mouth.

LaLanne has a star in the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He also received many nicknames, such as "The Godfather of Fitness" or "First Fitness Superhero." LaLanne has beat Arnold Schwarzenegger in a fitness contest in his 50s.

## Personal life

LaLanne was married to Irma Navarre from 1942 until they divorced in 1948; they had one daughter. Then he married Elaine Doyle from 1959 until his death in 2011, they had two sons and one daughter.

## Death

On January 23, 2011, LaLanne died at his home in Morro Bay, California from respiratory failure due to pneumonia. He was 96 years old.

## Other websites

- Official Jack LaLanne website

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Jack LaLanne 1961 portrait.JPG
- **caption**: LaLanne in March 1961
- **name**: Jack LaLanne
- **birth name**: Francois Henri LaLanne
- **birth place**: San Francisco, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Morro Bay, California, U.S.
- **resting place**: Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills), Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Hollywood Hills, California, U.S.
- **television**: _The Jack LaLanne Show_
- **years active**: 19362009
- **occupation**: Fitness expert, television host, inventor, entrepreneur, motivational speaker
- **spouse**:
Indiana State University

**Indiana State University** (ISU) is a university in the U.S. state of Indiana. It is in Terre Haute, Indiana.

ISU's sports teams, known as Sycamores, play mostly in the Missouri Valley Conference. The Sycamores football team plays in the separate but related Missouri Valley Football Conference. The school is perhaps best known as the alma mater of basketball player Larry Bird.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Indiana State University
- **motto**: More. From Day One.
- **established**: 1865
- **type**: public university, Public
- **endowment**: $75+ million As of September 30, 2010.
- **faculty**: 501
- **president**: Daniel J. Bradley
- **students**: 12,114
- **undergrad**: 9,373+
- **postgrad**: 2,121+
- **city**: Terre Haute, Indiana
- **state**: Indiana, IN
- **country**: United States, USA
- **campus**: small city:
- **former names**: <small>Indiana St. Normal School
Indiana St. Teachers College
Indiana State College</small>
- **mascot**: Sycamore Sam
- **colors**: Royal blue and White
- **athletics**: 12 Division I (NCAA), Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association, NCAA teams
called Indiana State Sycamores, Sycamores
- **affiliations**: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, NCA,  American Association of State Colleges and Universities, AASCU, Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, AACSB, Missouri Valley Conference, MVC, Missouri Valley Football Conference, MVFC
- **website**: [http://www.indstate.edu www.indstate.edu]
Kendall Jenner

**Kendall Nicole Jenner** (born November 3, 1995) is an American model, media personality, socialite, and businesswoman. She became well known for being in the reality television show _Keeping Up with the Kardashians_. She was in the series for 20 seasons over nearly 15 years from 2007 to 2021. In 2022, she and her family were in the reality television series _The Kardashians_.

Jenner began modeling at the age of 13. In 2014 and 2015, she began appearing on fashion shows for popular fashion designers in New York City, Milan, and Paris fashion weeks. Jenner has appeared in campaigns and cover shoots for _LOVE_ and other editions of _Vogue_. She is a brand ambassador for Estée Lauder. Jenner made her first appearance at No. 16 on _Forbes_ magazine's 2015 list of top-earning models, making . In 2017, Jenner was named the world's highest-paid model by _Forbes_.

## Infobox (model)

- **name**: Kendall Jenner
- **image**: Kendall Jenner for Adanola 2 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Jenner in 2025
- **birth name**: Kendall Nicole Jenner
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **relatives**: Kardashian family
- **years active**: 2007–present
- **haircolor**: Brown
- **eyecolor**: Brown
- **agency**: The Society Management (New York)
Elite Model Management (Paris, Milan, London)
Eileen Brennan

**Verla Eileen Regina Brennan** (née **Brennen**; September 3, 1932 – July 28, 2013) was an American television, movie and theater actress. She received an Oscar nomination for the movie _Private Benjamin_. She received Emmy nominations for guest starring roles on _Newhart_ and _Will and Grace_.

Brennan was born in Los Angeles, California on September 3, 1932. She was married to David John Lampson from 1968 until they divorced in 1974. They had two children. Brennan died on July 28, 2013 in Burbank, California from bladder cancer, aged 80.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Eileen Brennan
- **image**: Eileen Brennan 1990.jpg
- **caption**: Brennan in 1990
- **birth name**: Verla Eileen Regina Brennen
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Burbank, California, U.S.
- **education**: Georgetown University
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1960–2011
- **children**: 2; including Patrick Brennan (actor), Patrick Brennan
Derek Jameson

**Derek Jameson** (November 29, 1929 – September 12, 2012) was a British journalist, DJ, and broadcaster for several British newspapers. He is also known for his works in the _Daily Express_, the _Daily Star_, and for the _News of the World_. He was born in London, England. He was married three times and had four children. He died on September 12, 2012 in London, England from a heart attack, aged 82.
Theodoros Angelopoulos

**Theodoros "Theo" Angelopoulos** (Greek: **Θεόδωρος Αγγελόπουλος**; April 27, 1935 – January 24, 2012) was a Greek filmmaker, screenwriter, and movie producer who is known for his movie _Eternity and a Day_.

Angelopoulos was born in Athens, Greece on April 27, 1935 and studied at the University of Paris. He was married to Phoebe Economopoulou from 1980 until his death in 2012. They had three children. Angelopoulos died on January 24, 2012 in Piraeus, Greece after being hit by a motorcycle in a busy street. He was 76 years old when he died.
James Farentino

**James Farentino** (February 24, 1938 – January 24, 2012) was an American movie, voice, stage, and television actor. He was known for his role in _The Final Countdown_, _Jesus of Nazareth_, and in _Dynasty_.

He was born in Brooklyn, New York on February 24, 1938. He was married to Elizabeth Ashley from 1962 until they divorced in 1965. He was married to Michele Lee from 1966 until they divorced in 1982. He was married to Debrah Farentino from 1985 until they divorced in 1989. He was married to Stella Farentino from 1994 until his death in 2012. He had a son, David Farentino.

Farentino died on January 24, 2012 from heart failure in Los Angeles, California, he was 73 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: James Farentino
- **image**: James Farentino 1972.JPG
- **caption**: Farentino in _Cool Million_, 1972.
- **birth date**: February 24, 1938
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
- **death date**: January 24, 2012
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Heart failure
- **yearsactive**: 1962-2006
- **spouse**: Elizabeth Ashley (1962–65)
Michele Lee (1966–82)
Debrah Farentino (1985–88)
Stella Farentino (1994–2012)
- **children**: David Farentino
Harry Fowler

**Henry James "Harry" Fowler**, MBE (10 December 1926 – 4 January 2012) was a British movie, stage, and television actor who has appeared in many movies during his 62-year career.

He was born in London, England on December 10, 1926. He was married to Joan Dowling from 1951 until she committed suicide in 1954. Then he was married Catherine Fowler from around 1955 until his death in 2012. Fowler died on January 4, 2012 from unknown causes in London, England, he was 85 years old.

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Henry James Fowler
- **birth place**: Lambeth, London, England, United Kingdom, U.K.
- **death place**: London, England, U.K.
- **nationality**: British
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1942–2004
- **spouse**: Joan Dowling
(1951 – 1954; her death),
Catherine Fowler
(c. 1955 – 2012; his death)
Scarlet tiger moth

The **Scarlet Tiger Moth** (_Callimorpha dominula_, formerly _Panaxia dominula_) is a colourful dayflying moth of Europe and the near East. It belongs to the tiger moth family, Arctiidae.

The caterpillars feed mostly on comfrey (_Symphytum officinale_). The moth imago flies by day, and has both cryptic colouring on the front wings, and warning colour on the hind wings. If disturbed it jinks the front wings forward to show the red warning flash on the hind wings.

It can occur in rare colour morphs, one with yellow hindwings and body and one with extended black on hindwings. Yellow, black and red are common warning colours in insects and other animals.

The three morphs occurring in the population at the Cothill reserve in Oxfordshire have been studied for many years, including research by E.B. Ford and R.A. Fisher.

McNamara (1998) describes how amateurs can rear this species.
Dabbs Greer

**Robert William "Dabbs" Greer** (April 2, 1917 – April 28, 2007) was an American movie, television, and stage actor. He was known for his role as Old Paul Edgecomb in the 1999 movie _The Green Mile_. He has also acted in Broadway plays. Greer was born on April 2, 1917 in Fairview, Missouri. He never married and had no children. He died on April 28, 2007 in Pasadena, California from renal failure and heart disease. He was 90 years old when he died.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dabbs Greer
- **birthname**: Robert William Greer
- **birth place**: Fairview, Missouri, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Pasadena, California, United States, U.S.
- **death cause**: Kidney failure, Renal failure
- **nationality**: American
- **known for**: **Old Paul Edgecomb** in _The Green Mile (movie), The Green Mile_
- **resting place**: Peace Valley Cemetery Anderson, Missouri
- **yearsactive**: 1949–2003
David Morse

**David Bowditch Morse** (born October 11, 1953) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for playing Brutus "Brutal" Howell in the 1999 movie _The Green Mile_.

He was born in Hamilton, Massachusetts. He has been married to Susan Wheeler Duff since 1982. They have 3 children.