juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Joshua Tree, California

**Joshua Tree** is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 6,489 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Joshua Tree, California
- **settlement type**: Census-designated place
- **image skyline**: Joshua Tree, California 01.jpg
- **image caption**: Central Joshua Tree in 2013
- **image map**: San Bernardino County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Joshua Tree Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location in San Bernardino County, California, San Bernardino County and the state of California
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name2**: San Bernardino County, California, San Bernardino
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **unit pref**: US
- **area total sq mi**: 36.086
- **area land sq mi**: 36.086
- **area water sq mi**: 0
- **area total km2**: 93.462
- **area land km2**: 93.462
- **area water km2**: 0
- **area water percent**: 0
- **elevation ft**: 2923
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 6489
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, PST
- **utc offset**: −08:00
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −07:00
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 92252
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area codes
- **area code**: Area codes 442 and 760, 442/760
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2408454
Sultanate of Zanzibar

The **Sultanate of Zanzibar** was an Ibadite kingdom in East Africa. It was under the influence of the Omani Muscat Sultanate at first. It came to an end with the Anglo-Zanzibar War when the British East Africa colony was established. This means it ended at the turn of the twentieth century.

## Infobox (country)

- **native name**: ''Zanzibar Sultanate
- **capital**: Mji Mkongwe
- **common languages**: Swahili
- **government type**: Monarchy
- **title leader**: Sultan
- **leader1**: Majid bin Said of Zanzibar, Majid bin Said (first)
- **year leader1**: 1856–1870
- **leader2**: Jamshid bin Abdullah of Zanzibar, Jamshid bin Abdullah Al Said (last)
- **year leader2**: 1963–1964
- **religion**: Ibadism
- **currency**: shilling
- **today**: Zanzibar archipelago
- **conventional long name**: Ibadite Sultanate of Zanzibar
- **common name**: Zanzibar Empire
- **year start**: 1856
- **year end**: 1964
- **p1**: Omani Empire
- **image flag**: Flag of Zanzibar (December 1963-January 1964).svg
- **flag p1**: Flag of Sansibar (1861-1963).svg
- **s1**: Tanzania
- **flag s1**: Flag of Tanzania.svg
- **event start**: Established
- **event end**: Merger with Tanganyika
Paramount+

**Paramount+** (formerly **CBS All Access**) is an American streaming service, It is owned and operated by Paramount Streaming, a part of Paramount Global. It offers original content, content which was recently broadcast CBS companies and content from the Paramount Global library. In the United States, many markets offer a live stream from the main channel of the local CBS affiliate. As of November 5, 2020, it had 17.9 million subscribers.
Paramount + expanded to international markets beginning in 2021. It started with Latin America on March 4, 2021. Nordic countries were added on March 25, 2021 and Australia in mid-2021.

As part of a 2021 deal with the cable channel Epix that is now known MGM+ that was renewed in 2024, Paramount+ has U.S. pay TV window rights to movies from MGM.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Paramount+
- **logo**: Paramount Plus.svg
- **collapsible**: yes
- **company type**: Streaming media, Streaming service
- **launched**:
(as CBS All Access)

(as Paramount+)
- **predecessor**: CBS All Access (2014–2021)
10 All Access (Australia) (2018–2021)
- **location**: New York City, New York (state), New York
- **country**: U.S.
- **country of origin**: United States
- **owner**: Paramount Global
- **parent**: Paramount Streaming
- **website type**: Over-the-top media service, OTT video streaming platform
- **registration**: Monthly subscription required to access content
- **users**: 32.8 million ()
  56.8 million (including Showtime (TV network)#Streaming service, Showtime)
- **language**: English, Spanish, Portuguese, Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish
- **logo caption**: Logo used since 2021
- **caption**: Paramount+ website on September 9, 2022
Hermann Ebbinghaus

**Hermann Ebbinghaus** (24 January 1850 – 26 February 1909) was a German psychologist. Today, he is mostly known for his work regarding learning and forgetting. He was the first to do experiments to explore how memory works. He first described the forgetting curve, the learning curve and the spacing effect. The Ebbinghaus illusion, which is named after him is related to the perception, not memory. His son was the philosopher Julius Ebbinghaus.

In 1896, he did a test on children in school: The pupils had to complete sentences, and their teacher had to rate each pupil, if the pupil was in the lowest, the middle or the highest third of all the people in the class. Ebbinghaus saw a relationship between the teacher's rating, and the result of the pupil, but he could not give a correlation (because he was lacking the tools to do so). This was possibly the first test of verbal intelligence in a group.

Many of his experimental methods to rate memory performance are still in use.

Ebbinghaus died of pneumonia, when he was 59 years old.
Ruhollah Zam

**Ruhollah Zam** (, also Romanized as "Rouhollah Zam"; 27 July 1978 – 12 December 2020) was an Iranian activist and journalist. He was best known for working with Telegram channel named 'Amadnews'.

Zam was a well known activist during the 2017–18 Iranian protests.

In June 2020, an Iran court found him guilty of "corruption on earth" for running a popular anti-government forum. He was sentenced to death by an Iranian court and was executed on 12 December 2020, aged 42.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ruhollah Zam
- **occupation**: Journalist
- **spouse**: Mahsā Rāzāni
- **parents**: Mohammad Ali Zam (father)
- **birth place**: Tehran, Iran
- **death place**: Tehran, Iran
- **known for**: Operating Telegram (software), Telegram channel Amadnews
- **criminal charge**: Espionage
- **criminal penalty**: Capital punishment
- **criminal status**: Executed
Valentin Gaft

**Valentin Iosifovich Gaft** (; 2 September 1935 – 12 December 2020) was a Russian actor. He was awarded the People's Artist of Russia in 1984. Gaft was born in Moscow. Gaft was known for his roles in _Hello, I'm Your Aunt!_, _Say a Word for the Poor Hussar_ and _Forgotten Melody for a Flute_.

Gaft died on 12 December 2020 in Moscow at the age of 85.
Đurđa Ivezić

**Đurđa Ivezić**, (17 October 1936 – 11 December 2020) was a Croatian actress. She was born in Zagreb. She also voiced dubbed Betty Rubble in Croatian for _The Flintstones_ and Smurfette in _The Smurfs_. Ivezić also starred in _H-8_, _Back of the Medal_ and _The Magician's Hat_.

Ivezić died on 11 December 2020 in Zagreb of COVID-19 at the age of 84.
Osvaldo Cochrane Filho

**Oswaldo Cochrane Filho** (29 July 1933 – 9 December 2020) was a Brazilian water polo player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1964 Summer Olympics. He was born in Espirito Santo, Brazil. He played for the national team for the first time in 1955 until he retired after the 1971 Pan American Games.

Cochrane Filho died on 9 December 2020 in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 87.
Kurt Stettler

**Kurt Stettler** (21 August 1932 – 8 December 2020) was a Swiss football goalkeeper. He played for Switzerland in the 1962 FIFA World Cup. Stettler began playing for the national team in 1961 and retired in 1963. Stettler was born in Stettlen, Switzerland. He mainly played with FC Basel from 1957 to 1964 making 160 appearances.

Stettler died on 8 December 2020 in Zürich from COVID-19 at the age of 88.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Kurt Stettler
- **image**: Kurt-stettler.jpg
- **fullname**: Kurt Stettler
- **birth place**: Stettlen, Switzerland
- **death place**: Zürich, Switzerland
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthclubs1**: BSC Young Boys, Young Boys
- **youthclubs2**: FC Ostermundigen
- **years1**: 1950–1951
- **clubs1**: FC Lugano
- **caps1**: 1
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1951–1952
- **clubs2**: FC Locarno
- **caps2**: 0
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 1952–1954
- **clubs3**: FC Bern
- **caps3**: 22
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 1954–1957
- **clubs4**: FC Luzern, Luzern
- **caps4**: 55
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 1957–1964
- **clubs5**: FC Basel
- **caps5**: 160
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 1964–1968
- **clubs6**: SC Young Fellows Juventus, Young Fellows Zürich
- **caps6**: 66
- **goals6**: 0
- **years7**: 1978
- **clubs7**: SC Young Fellows Juventus, Young Fellows Zürich
- **caps7**: 1
- **goals7**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 305
- **totalgoals**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1961–1963
- **nationalteam1**: Switzerland national football team, Switzerland
- **nationalcaps1**: 2
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1978–1979
- **managerclubs1**: SC Young Fellows Juventus, Young Fellows Zürich
Kenneth Alwyn

**Kenneth Alwyn** (born **Kenneth Alwyn Wetherell**) (28 July 1925 – 11 December 2020) was an English conductor, composer and writer. He was called by the BBC as "one of the great British musical directors".

Alwyn was known for his many recordings, including with the London Symphony Orchestra on Decca's first stereophonic recording of Tchaikovsky's _1812 Overture_. He was also known for his works with BBC Radio 2's orchestral live music programme _Friday Night is Music Night_.

He was a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music.

Alwyn died on 11 December 2020 in London at the age of 95.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kenneth Alwyn
- **image**: Kenneth Alwyn in 1985 by Robin Adler FRSA (colour tone adjusted from original).jpg
- **caption**: Alwyn in 1985
- **birth name**: Kenneth Alwyn Wetherell
- **birth place**: Croydon, London, England
- **education**: John Ruskin College, John Ruskin Boys' Central School
- **occupation**: Conductor • composer • writer
- **notable works**: _Friday Night Is Music Night_ _1812 Overture_
James Flynn (academic)

**James Robert Flynn** FRSNZ (28 April 1934 – 11 December 2020) was a New Zealand intelligence researcher. He taught political studies at the University of Otago in Dunedin. He was known for his studies on the increase of IQ scores throughout the world, which is now known as the Flynn effect.

Flynn died on 11 December 2020 in Dunedin, New Zealand at the age of 86.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: James Robert Flynn
- **image**: File:Jim Flynn Political Studies University of Otago.jpg
- **caption**: James R. Flynn in June 2007
- **death place**: Dunedin, New Zealand
- **fields**: Political philosophy, intelligence
- **workplaces**: University of Otago
- **alma mater**: University of Chicago
James R. Flynn

**James R. Flynn** may refer to:

- James Flynn (academic) (born 1934 as James Robert Flynn), New Zealand intelligence researcher
- Jim Flynn (songwriter) (born 1938 as James Ronald Flynn), American country music songwriter

## Related pages

- James Flynn (disambiguation)
Dunedin (disambiguation)

**Dunedin** is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand.

**Dunedin** may also refer to:

## Places

- Dunedin, Ontario, Canada
- Dunedin (New Zealand electorate), a former electorate, 1853–1905
- Edinburgh, whose Scottish Gaelic name is _Dùn Èideann_
- Dunedin, Florida, United States

## Other

- Dunedin River, a river in British Columbia, Canada
- Dunedin Consort, an Edinburgh-based choral ensemble founded in 1996
- _HMS Dunedin (D93)_, a Royal Navy light cruiser in the Second World War
- _Dunedin_ (ship), the first commercial ship with refrigeration equipment

## Related pages

- Edinburgh (disambiguation)
- Dúnedain, a race of men in n J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium
- Duneedon a.k.a. Don Edon, a character in the children's educational television series _Read All About It!_
U. A. Khader

**U. A. Khader** (1935–12 December 2020) was an Burmese-born Indian writer. He published in Malayalam such as novels. His works have been translated to many  languages including English, Hindi and Kannada. Khader was born in Bilin, Rangoon, Burma. Khader's first story was published in _Chandrika_ weekly in 1953. He was the president of Purogamana Kala Sahitya Sangham.

Khader died on 12 December 2020 at a hospital in Calicut, Kerala at the age of 85.
Fikre Selassie Wogderess

**Fikre Selassie Wogderess** (; 13 July 1945 – 12 December 2020) was an Ethiopian politician. He was the first Prime Minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) from 10 September 1987 to 8 November 1989. He was fired by President Mengistu Haile Mariam.

In 1989, he was sentenced to death for war crimes and murder. In 2010, the Ethiopian court removed his death sentence and released him following year.

Wogderess died on 12 December 2020 in Addis Ababa from diabetes-related problems at the age of 75.
Qisas

**Qisas** or **Qiṣāṣ** () is a term interpreted to mean "retaliation in kind", "eye for an eye", or retributive justice.

Qisas was a practice used as a resolution tool in inter-tribal conflicts in pre-Islamic Arab society. The basis of this practice was that a member of the tribe to which the murderer belonged was handed over to the victim's family for execution, equivalent to the social status of the murdered person. The condition of _social equivalence_ meant the execution of a member of the murderer's tribe who was equivalent to the murdered, in that the murdered person was male or female, slave or free, elite or commonplace. For example, only one slave can be killed for a slave, and a woman can be killed for a woman. On this pre-islamic understandings the discussion _whether a Muslim could be executed for a non-Muslim_ was added in Islamic period.

In historical practice, qisas appears in two forms. One of them is, the punishment of the perpetrator "with the same act" in crimes "committed against the physical integrity of the person, such as a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth". Another application is related to the social status of the perpetrator and the victim. In the tribal understanding, when a person kills a woman, a slave or an honorable person from another tribe, a person "of similar status from the tribe to which the murderer belongs" will be killed in return. As a general custom, killing the master's to slave, father's to child, husband's to wife was not punished with retaliation, and retaliation was not applied to the man who killed the woman as a rule. The condition of "social equality" in qisas means that; "if a socially inferior person kills someone from the upper class, qisas will be applied", whereas "if someone from the upper class kills someone from the lower class, it cannot be applied".

In this case, compensation can be paid to the family of the murdered person.

The main verse for implementation in Islam is Al Baqara; 178 verse;
_: _'Believers! Retaliation is ordained for you regarding the people who were killed. Free versus free, captive versus captive, woman versus woman. Whoever is forgiven by the brother of the slain for a price, let him abide by the custom and pay the price well."

In traditional Islamic law (_sharia_), the doctrine of qisas allows a punishment analogous to the crime. Qisas is available to the victim or victim's heirs against a person convicted of murder or intentional bodily injury. In the case of murder, qisas gives the right to take the life of the killer, if the latter is convicted and the court approves. Those who are entitled to _qisas_ have the option of receiving monetary compensation (_diyya_) or granting pardon to the person instead.
Hylarana

***Hylarana*** is a genus of true frogs.  They are also called **golden-backed frogs**. They live in tropical Asia. Scientists used to put 84 to 96 valid species in _Hylarana_, but they looked at the frogs again.  Today, scientists say four species are in _Hylarana_.

## What they look like

_Hylarana_ frogs can be small or large. Male frogs are  from their noses to the ends of their bodies, and females are . The nostrils are oval in shape and there is a piece of skin on top of them. The ear drum is not covered by skin. They have vomerine teeth and a parietal eye. The toes on their back feet are webbed, but the fingers on the front feet are not.

## Where they live

The frogs that scientists used to say were in _Hylarana_ lived everywhere from Sri Lanka to the Western Ghat Mountains in India, through Nepal and southern China and Taiwan, south to Southeast Asia to the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, in Northern Australia, and tropical Africa. The four species of frogs that are still in _Hylarana_ today live in southern and southeast Asia.

## Scientific groups

_Hylarana_ is in the subfamily Raninae. They are true frogs, so they are in the family Ranidae. The name _Hylarana_ comes from the New Latin word _hyle_ ("wood" or "forest") and _rana_ ("frog"). Scientists used to think _Hylarana_ was a subgenus of the genus _Rana_, but they changed their minds in 2005. In 2006, scientists took _Hylarana_ and split it into more genera. They treat these as junior synonyms of _Hylarana_. In 2015, Oliver et al. looked closely at _Hylarana_ again. They said that only four species are really _Hylarana sensu stricto_: The other frogs were moved to _Abavorana_, _Amnirana_, _Chalcorana_, _Humerana_, _Hydrophylax_, _Indosylvirana_, _Papurana_, _Pulchrana_, and _Sylvirana_.

### Species

Scientists used to say this genus had 84 to 96 valid species of frogs in it. But they looked closely again.  Now, scientists say only four frogs are truly _Hylarana_: _Hylarana malayana_ was placed in _Hylarana_ in 2021.
- _Hylarana erythraea_ <small>(Schlegel, 1837)</small> - common green frog, green paddy frog, leaf frog, or red-eared frog
- _Hylarana macrodactyla_ <small>(Günther, 1858)</small> - Guangdong frog, three-striped grass frog, or marbled slender frog
- _Hylarana malayana_ <small>(Sheridan and Stuart, 2018)</small>
- _Hylarana taipehensis_<small> (Van Denburgh, 1909)</small> - two-striped grass frog
- _Hylarana tytleri_ <small>Theobald, 1868</small>

After these changes, scientists are not sure where a few _Hylarana_ species should be placed:
- _"Hylarana" attigua_<small> (Inger, Orlov, and Darevsky, 1999)</small>
- _"Hylarana" celebensis_<small> (Peters, 1872)</small>
- _"Hylarana" chitwanensis_<small> (Das, 1998)</small>
- _"Hylarana" garoensis_<small> (Boulenger, 1920)</small>
- _"Hylarana" lateralis_ <small>(Boulenger, 1887)</small>
- _"Hylarana" latouchii_<small> (Boulenger, 1899)</small>
- _"Hylarana" margariana_<small> Anderson, 1879</small>
- _"Hylarana" montivaga_<small> (Smith, 1921)</small>
- _"Hylarana" persimilis_<small> (Van Kampen, 1923)</small>

## Related pages

- _Rana_
Ron Springett

**Ronald Deryk George Springett** (22 July 1935 – 12 September 2015) was an English footballer. He played as a goalkeeper.

Springett died on 12 September 2015.

### Club

- Sheffield Wednesday
- Football League Second Division: 1958-59
- FA Cup: 1965-1966

### International

- England
- World Cup: 1966

## Other websites

- Sheffield Wednesday Official Site
- Englandfanzine

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Ron Springett
- **fullname**: Ronald Deryk George Springett
- **height**: 1.78 m
- **birth place**: London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, Fulham, London, England
- **death place**: Kingston upon Thames, England
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthclubs1**: Victoria United
- **years1**: 1953–1958
- **clubs1**: Queens Park Rangers F.C., Queens Park Rangers
- **caps1**: 88
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 1958–1967
- **clubs2**: Sheffield Wednesday F.C., Sheffield Wednesday
- **caps2**: 345
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 1967–1969
- **clubs3**: Queens Park Rangers F.C., Queens Park Rangers
- **caps3**: 45
- **goals3**: 0
- **totalcaps**: 478
- **totalgoals**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1959–1966
- **nationalteam1**: England national football team, England
- **nationalcaps1**: 33
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 1959–1966
- **nationalteam2**: The Football League XI
- **nationalcaps2**: 9
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
John Connelly

**John Michael Connelly** (18 July 1938 – 25 October 2012) was an English footballer. He played as an outside forward.

Connelly died at home on 25 October 2012, at the age of 74.

### Club

- Burnley
- First Division: 1959–60
- FA Cup: 1961–62 (Runner-up)

- Manchester United
- First Division: 1964–65

### International

- FIFA World Cup: 1966

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: John Connelly
- **image**: England national football team, 28 October 1959 (Connelly).jpg
- **fullname**: John Michael Connelly
- **birth place**: St Helens, Merseyside, St Helens, Lancashire, England
- **death place**: Barrowford, Lancashire, England
- **position**: Midfielder#Winger, Outside forward
- **years1**: 1956–1964
- **clubs1**: Burnley F.C., Burnley
- **caps1**: 215
- **goals1**: 85
- **years2**: 1964–1966
- **clubs2**: Manchester United F.C., Manchester United
- **caps2**: 80
- **goals2**: 22
- **years3**: 1966–1970
- **clubs3**: Blackburn Rovers F.C., Blackburn Rovers
- **caps3**: 149
- **goals3**: 36
- **years4**: 1970–1973
- **clubs4**: Bury F.C., Bury
- **caps4**: 129
- **goals4**: 37
- **totalcaps**: 573
- **totalgoals**: 180
- **nationalyears1**: 1960
- **nationalteam1**: England national under-23 football team, England U23
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 1959–1966
- **nationalteam2**: England national football team, England
- **nationalcaps2**: 20
- **nationalgoals2**: 7
Jason Merrells

**Jason Scott Merrells** (born 9 March 1968) is an English actor. He is best known for portraying the roles of Matt Hawley in the BBC medical drama series _Casualty_ (1994–1997), Gavin Ferraday in the BBC hairdressing drama series _Cutting It_ (2002–2005), Jack Rimmer in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2006–2008, 2025), and Declan Macey in the ITV soap opera _Emmerdale_ (2010–2014). More recently, he has portrayed Sir Charles Fraith in the comedy-drama series _Agatha Raisin_ (2016–present).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jason Merrells
- **birth name**: Jason Scott Merrells
- **birth place**: Epping, Essex, Epping, Essex, England
- **nationality**: English people, English
- **spouse**:

- **partner**: Emma Lowndes (2012–present)
- **relatives**: Simon Merrells (brother)
- **children**: 5
- **years active**: 1994–present
Sharlene Whyte

**Sharlene Natasha Whyte** (born 19 May 1976) is an English actress. She is best known for portraying the roles of Jenny Edwards in the CBBC drama series _The Story of Tracy Beaker_ and Adanna Lawal in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_. As well as starring in various stage productions, she has also made appearances in television series such as _Doctors_, _Casualty_, _Silent Witness_, _Coronation Street_, _Sadie J_, _We Hunt Together_ and _Stephen_.

## Biography

Whyte is of Grenadian descent. She trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art from 1996 till 1999.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sharlene Whyte
- **birth name**: Sharlene Natasha Whyte
- **birth place**: Nottingham, England
- **nationality**: English people, English
- **other names**: Sharleine Whyte
- **occupation**: Actress
- **known for**: _The Story of Tracy Beaker (TV series), The Story of Tracy Beaker_
_Waterloo Road (TV series), Waterloo Road_
- **years active**: 1997–present
Neil Morrissey

**Neil Anthony John Morrissey** MBE (born 4 July 1962) is an English actor, businessman, comedian and singer. He is best known for portraying the roles of Rocky in the ITV crime drama series _Boon_ (1987–1995), Tony in the ITV-BBC sitcom _Men Behaving Badly_ (1992–1998, 2014), and Eddie Lawson in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2007–2009). Between 2012 and 2016, he appeared as Nigel Morton in the BBC police procedural series _Line of Duty_.

Morrissey also provides the voices of Bob, Roley, Lofty, Mr. Angelo Sabatini, Mr. Fothergill, Farmer Pickles and Scrufty in the UK version of _Bob the Builder_.

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific suffix**: Order of the British Empire, MBE
- **name**: Neil Morrissey
- **birth name**: Neil Anthony Morrissey
- **birth place**: Stafford, Staffordshire, England
- **nationality**: English people, English
- **years active**: 1983–present
- **children**: 1
Laurie Brett

**Laurie Brett** (born 28 March 1969) is a Scottish actress. She is best known for playing the roles of Jane Beale in the BBC soap opera _EastEnders_ (2004–2012, 2014–2017), and Christine Mulgrew in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2012–2015).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Laurie Brett
- **birth place**: Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Scotland
- **nationality**: Scottish people, Scottish
- **years active**: 1993–present
- **occupation**: Actress
- **known for**: _EastEnders_
 _Waterloo Road (TV series), Waterloo Road_
- **partner**: Dave Evans <small>(2001–2007)</small>
 John Milroy <small>(2009–2014)</small>
- **children**: 1 daughter
Elizabeth Berrington

**Elizabeth Ann Berrington** (born 3 August 1970) is an English actress and graduate of the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art. She is best known for portraying the roles of Mel Debrou in the ITV satirical comedy-drama series _Moving Wallpaper_ (2008–2009), Ruby Fry in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2009–2011), Paula Kosh in the Sky 1 comedy-drama series _Stella_ (2012–2013, 2015–2017), and Dawn Stevenson in the BBC drama series _The Syndicate_ (2015).

Berrington has also portrayed minor roles on British dramas such as _The Bill_, _Doc Martin_, _Doctor Who_, _The Office_, _Casualty_, _The Lakes_, _The Grimleys_, _Rose and Maloney_ and _Sex Education_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Elizabeth Berrington
- **birth name**: Elizabeth Ann Berrington
- **birth place**: Wallasey, Wallasey, Wirral, Cheshire, England
- **nationality**: English people, English
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1993–present
William Ash (actor)

**William Ash** (born 13 January 1977) is an English actor. He is best known for portraying the role of Christopher Mead in the BBC school-based drama series _Waterloo Road_ (2009–2011). Prior to this, Ash had starring roles on British dramas such as _Making Out_ (1989–1991), _Children's Ward_ (1989–1991), _Soldier Soldier_ (1993–1994), _Where the Heart Is_ (1997–1998), and _Clocking Off_ (2001–2002). In 2022, he began appearing as Caleb Miligan in the ITV soap opera _Emmerdale_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: William Ash
- **birth place**: Oldham, Chadderton, Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Oldham, Greater Manchester, England
- **nationality**: English people, English
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1987–present
- **known for**: _Waterloo Road (TV series), Waterloo Road_
_Emmerdale_
- **children**: 2
City Girls

**City Girls** is a Miami-based hip hop duo formed by **Yung Miami** (real name Caresha Brownlee) and **JT** (real name Jatavia Shakara Johnson) in 2017. They became popular after making an uncredited guest appearance on Drake's chart-topping hit single "In My Feelings". Their first studio album, _Girl Code_ (2018), contained the platinum certified singles "Twerk" and "Act Up". Their second studio album _City on Lock_ was released in 2020.

## Discography

- _Girl Code_ (2018)
- _City on Lock_ (2020)

### Mixtapes

- _Period_ (2018)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: City Girls
- **image**: City Girls July 2018.png
- **caption**: City Girls (Yung Miami, left and JT, right) in July 2018
- **image size**: 300
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Miami, Florida, U.S.
- **genre**: Southern hip hop
- **years active**: 2017–present
- **current members**: Yung Miami
JT
Contraband (1980 movie)

***Contraband*** () is a 1980 Italian action crime drama movie directed by Lucio Fulci (who also stars). It stars Fabio Testi, Ivana Monti, Guido Alberti, Venantino Venantini, Ajita Wilson, Marcel Bozzuffi and was distributed by CMR International.
Sledge, Mississippi

**Sledge** is a town located in Quitman County, Mississippi. As of the 2020 census, 368 people lived in the town.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Sledge, Mississippi
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Sledge, Mississippi.jpg
- **image caption**: Main Street in Sledge
- **image map**: Quitman_County_Mississippi_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Sledge_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Sledge, Mississippi
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Mississippi
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Mississippi, County
- **subdivision name2**: Quitman County, Mississippi, Quitman
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 1.38
- **area land km2**: 1.38
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 0.53
- **area land sq mi**: 0.53
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 368
- **population density km2**: 265.99
- **population density sq mi**: 689.14
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: −6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: −5
- **elevation m**: 51
- **elevation ft**: 167
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **postal code**: 38628, 38670
- **area code**: Area code 662, 662
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 28-68400
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0677879
Thomas Brodie-Sangster

**Thomas Brodie-Sangster** (born 16 May 1990), also known as **Thomas Sangster**, is an English actor. He played Sam in _Love Actually_ (2003), Ferb Fletcher in _Phineas and Ferb_ (2007–2015) and Jojen Reed in _Game of Thrones_ (2013–2014).

## Filmography

**Films**
|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2001|The Miracle of the Cards|Craig Shergold|TV movie|
|2001|Station Jim|Henry|TV movie|
|2002|Mrs. Meitlemeihr|Boy|Short film|
|2003|Love Actually|Sam|Feature film|
|2003|Entrusted|Thomas|TV movie|
|2004|Feather Boy|Niker|TV movie|
|2005|Nanny McPhee|Simon Brown|Feature film|
|2006|Tristan & Isolde|Young Tristan|Feature film|
|2006|The Last Legion|Romulus Augustus|Feature film|
|2007|The Ugly Duckling and Me!|Ratso|Voice, animated film|
|2009|Bright Star|Samuel Brawne|Feature film|
|2009|The Alchemistic Suitcase|Boy|Leading Role|
|2009|Nowhere Boy|Paul McCartney|Feature film|
|2010|Some Dogs Bite|Casey|TV movie|
|2011|Death of a Superhero|Donald Clarke|Feature film|
|2011|Hideaways|James|Feature film|
|2011|Albatross|Mark|Feature film|
|2012|The Baytown Outlaws|Rob|Feature film|
|2013|Orbit Ever After|Nigel|Short film|
|2014|Phantom Halo|Samuel Emerson|Feature film|
|2014|The Maze Runner|Newt|Feature film|
|2015|Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials|Newt|Feature film|
|2015|Star Wars: The Force Awakens|First Order Officer|Feature film|
|2017|Maze Runner: The Death Cure|Newt|Feature film|
|2020|Dragon Rider|Ben|Voice, animated film|
|2022|Sleep No More|Samual Emerson|Leading Role|
|2025|Grand Prix of Europe|Ed|English Dub voice|
**Series**
|Years|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2002|Stig of the Dump|Barney|Miniseries|
|2003|Bobbie’s Girl|Patrick|TV special|
|2003|Hitler: The Rise of Evil|Young Hitler|Miniseries|
|2003–2004|Ultimate Force|Charlie|Recurring role|
|2005|Julian Fellowes Investigates: A Most Mysterious Murder|George Ince|Episode|
|2007|Doctor Who|Tim Latimer|2 episodes|
|2007–2015|Phineas and Ferb|Ferb Fletcher|Voice, main cast|
|2009|Pinocchio|Lampwicke|Miniseries|
|2010–2012|Accused|Jake Murray|Recurring role|
|2011|Lewis|Adam Douglas|Episode|
|2013–2014|Game of Thrones|Jojen Reed|Recurring role|
|2014|American Dad!|Various (|Voice role|
|2015-2024|Wolf Hall|Rafe Sadler|Recurring|
|2015–2020|Thunderbirds Are Go|John Tracy|Voice, main cast|
|2017|Red Nose Day Actually|Sam|TV special|
|2017|Godless|Whitey Winn|Main cast|
|2020|The Queen’s Gambit|Benny Watts|Miniseries|
|2022|Pistol|Malcolm McLaren|Miniseries|
|2023-2026|The Artful Dodger|Jack Dawkins|Series lead|
|2024|Unsinkable|2nd Officer Arthur Hawkins|Main role|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Thomas Brodie-Sangster
- **image**: Thomas Brodie-Sangster by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg
- **caption**: Brodie-Sangster at the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con
- **birth place**: Southwark, London, England
- **nationality**: British
- **other names**: Thomas Sangster
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 2001–present
- **father**: Mark Sangster
- **mother**: Tasha Bertram
- **siblings**: Ava Sangster
Vincent Martella

**Vincent Michael Martella** (born October 15, 1992) is an American actor and singer. He played Greg Wuliger on the UPN/CW sitcom _Everybody Hates Chris_ who was the only white character who didn't hate Chris. Martella also played Phineas Flynn in the Disney Channel original animated show _Phineas and Ferb_ He also played Bradley Nicholson in Milo Murphy’s Law.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Vincent Martella
- **image**: Vincent Martella 2011.jpg
- **caption**: Martella in 2011
- **birth name**: Vincent Michael Martella
- **birth place**: Rochester, New York, U.S.
- **education**: University of Florida <small>(Business education, BBA)</small>
- **years active**: 2002–present
Stephanie Kelton

**Stephanie Kelton** (née Bell; born October 10, 1969) is an American economist and academic. She is currently a professor at Stony Brook University and a Senior Fellow at the Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis at the New School for Social Research. She was a professor at the University of Missouri–Kansas City.

She also was an advisor to Bernie Sanders' 2016 presidential campaign.

She is founder and editor-in-chief of the blog New Economic Perspectives.

## Infobox (economist)

- **name**: Stephanie Kelton
- **image**: Stephanie Kelton 2012 cropped (cropped).jpg
- **school tradition**: Modern Monetary Theory
- **birth name**: Stephanie Bell
- **institution**: Stony Brook University
- **alma mater**: California State University, Sacramento
Christ's College, Cambridge
The New School, New School
- **contributions**: Modern Monetary Theory
Belle Delphine

**Mary-Belle Kirschner** (born 23 October 1999), better known online as **Belle Delphine**, is an English model and Internet celebrity, 'adult model', and YouTuber.

Delphine was born on 23 October 1999 in South Africa, and was raised in Cape Town. She experienced a devout Christian family upbringing. After her parents divorced, she moved to Lymington, England with her mother. Now in Hampshire, she attended Priestlands School, but dropped out at the age of fourteen, due to being bullied online. Around this time, she was treated for depression. After dropping out, she found work as a waitress, nanny, and barista. Delphine also began posting pictures of her cosplay onto her Facebook account, which was later deleted. These now-deleted cosplay posts were "low-res and dimly lit."

Delphine has a boyfriend, who often works on the photography of her modeling content and likes to remain anonymous.
Happy Asmara

**Heppy Rismanda Hendranata** (born July 10, 1999), known professionally as **Happy Asmara**, is an Indonesian singer-songwriter, actress, presenter, and businessperson. Her name is known thanks to the singles "Tak Ikhlasno" and "Dalan Liyane" which managed to gain popularity.

### Album

- _Samudra Record Live_ (2019)
- _Pingin Sayang_ (2020)
- _Happy Asmara Terbaik_ (2020)
- _Bikin Happy_ (2022)

### Single

- "Salah" (2019)
- "Tak Ikhlasno" (2019)
- "Balik Kanan Wae" (2019)
- "Ojo Geton" (2019)
- "Kebal Kelaran" (2020)
- "Sampun Lilo" (2020)
- "Bahagiamu" (2020)
- "Iri Bilang Boss" (2020)
- "Wes Tatas" (2020)
- "Purik" (2020)
- "Ojo Dadi Pecundang" (2021)
- "Tak Warahi Carane" (2021)
- "Siji Wektu" (2021)
- "Cukup" (2022)
- "Tanpo Aku (Sing Ati-Ati)" (2022)
- "Suwun Lorone" (2022)

### Film

|Year|Title|Role|Production|Channel||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|2019|_KKN di Desa Penari (Ballet)_|Widya|HA Pictures|YouTube|

### Web series

|Year|Title|Role|Production|Channel||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center"|2021 - present|_Srintil Mencari Cinta_|Srintil|HA Pictures|YouTube|

### Model Video clip

- Tegar Soekamthos - "Aku Rapopo" (2020)
- Denny Caknan - "Helleh" (2022)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Happy Asmara
- **image**: Happy Asmara in Dec 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Happy Asmara in 2019
- **birthname**: Heppy Rismanda Hendranata
- **othername**: Happy Rism, Happy Asmara, Queen of Ambyar
- **title**: The Queen of Ambyar
- **birth place**: Kediri Regency, Kediri, Indonesia
- **nationality**: Indonesia, Indonesian
- **father**: Hendro Siswantoro
- **mother**: Dwi Yuslianti
Gutierre de Cetina

**Gutierre de Cetina** (Seville, 1520-Puebla de los Ángeles, Mexico, 1554) was a Spanish poet of the Renaissance and of the Spanish Golden Age.
National parks and nature reserves of Israel

The **national parks of Israel** are historic sites or nature reserves, which are mostly operated by the National Nature and Parks Authority. In 2015, Israel had 81 national parks and more than 400 nature reserves.

Some of the country's most notable parks are located at sites such as Tel Megiddo, Jerusalem and Ashkelon. These include the "Alexander stream" and "Mount Carmel National Park". Several parks and nature reserves have camping options, such as tent grounds and bungalows, open to small groups or camper<nowiki/>s. The main idea behind these parks and reserves is to guard the values of nature, landscape, heritage, and species.

Following the drying of Lake Hula, the Hula Reserve was established in 1964 and became the first declared nature reserve in Israel. It is a major stopover for birds migrating between Africa, Europe and Asia. In 1963 the Israeli parliament approved the "National parks and nature reserves act", and as a result, two authorities were established: the National Parks Authority and the Nature Reserves Authority. In 1998 the two authorities were merged into one body - Israel Nature and Parks Authority.

In Israel, the difference between national parks and nature reserves is often hard to make. National parks are in most cases centered around archaeological sites, but sometimes include protected nature as well. The nature reserves often contain not just protected flowers, trees and animals, but also archaeological sites of importance.

## Other websites

- Israel Nature and Parks Authority
Brandon Bernard

**Brandon Anthony Micah Bernard** (July 3, 1980 – December 10, 2020) was an American man who was convicted for the 1999 robbery, kidnapping, and murder of two people. He was sentenced to death for the murders and remained on death row until his execution in December 2020.

Bernard was a gang member. In 1999, Bernard was one of five gang members who together robbed, kidnapped, and murdered two youth pastors. After forcing the pastors into the trunk of their car, Christopher Andre Vialva shot both in the head before Bernard set the car on fire with the victims inside. Vialva was executed on September 24, 2020, and Bernard was executed on December 10, 2020.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Brandon Bernard
- **image**: Brandon Bernard.jpg
- **birth name**: Brandon Anthony Micah Bernard
- **birth place**: San Antonio, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, USP Terre Haute, Terre Haute, Indiana, U.S.
- **death cause**: Execution by lethal injection of pentobarbital
- **education**: Killeen High School (1997–1998)
- **height**: 5'10
- **conviction penalty**: Capital punishment in the United States, Death
- **motive**: Robbery
- **conviction**: Murder (2 counts)
- **partners**: Christopher Vialva, Terry Brown, Christopher Lewis, Tony Spark
- **victims**: Todd Bagley
Stacie Bagley
- **date**: June 21, 1999
- **imprisoned**: United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute
Carol Sutton (actress)

**Carol Sutton** (née **Dickerson**; December 3, 1944 – December 10, 2020) was an American actress. She was best known for her roles in the movie _Steel Magnolias_, _Monster's Ball_, and _Ray_.

Sutton died on December 10, 2020 from COVID-19 in New Orleans at the age of 76.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Carol Sutton
- **birth name**: Carol Dickerson
- **birth place**: New Orleans, Louisiana
- **death place**: New Orleans, Louisiana
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1974–2020
- **spouse**: Archie Sutton (divorced)
- **children**: 2
Mongkol Na Songkhla

**Mongkol Na Songkhla** (, 16 January 1941 – 11 December 2020) was a Thai politician. He was the Minister of Public Health from 2006 to 2008 during the Surayud Chulanont cabinet. He was born in Bangkok.

Na Songkhla died on 11 December 2020 in Bangkok from cancer, aged 79.
Jimmy Collins (basketball)

**James Earl Collins** (November 24, 1946 – December 13, 2020) was an American basketball player and coach. He was born and raised in Syracuse, New York. He played for the Chicago Bulls from 1970 to 1972.

Collins was the head coach of the men's basketball team at the University of Illinois at Chicago from 1996 to 2010. He helped push the team to the NCAA Tournament in 1998, 2002 and 2004, and an NIT showing in 2003.

Collins died on December 13, 2020 from heart surgery-related problems in Chicago at the age of 74.
Investing.com

**Investing.com** is a notable financial website. It provides financial news as well as information about market "quotes", foreign exchange, stocks, commodities, currencies, interest rates and more. As of December 2020, it is the second most popular financial website in the world and is among the top 200 most popular websites overall.

The website was founded in 2007 as "Forexpros". In 2012 its name changed to Investing.com, after the company bought their (domain) name for $2.45 million.

In the years 2013-2014, Investing.com launched Android and iOS apps, and in 2019 had editions in 24 languages.

## Other websites

- Official website
Nur Hossain Kasemi

**Allama Nur Hossain Kasemi** () (10 January 1945 – 13 December 2020) was a Bangladeshi Deobandi Islamic scholar, politician, educator, religious speaker and spiritual figure. He was the Secretary General of Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh from November 2020, until his death. He also was in charge of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh from 2015, until his death. Kasemi was born in Dhaka.

Kasemi died at a Dhaka hospital on 13 December 2020 from respiratory failure, aged 75.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Allama Nur Hossain Kasemi
- **birth date**: 10 January 1945
- **death date**: 13 December 2020
- **death place**: Dhaka, Bangladesh
Ferruccio Pisoni

**Ferruccio Pisoni** (6 August 1936 – 12 December 2020) was an Italian politician. He was a Deputy from 1968 to 1983. Pisoni was born in Trevi, Italy. He was a member of the Christian Democracy.

Pisoni died on 12 December 2020 at the age of 84.
Motjeka Madisha

**Motjeka Madisha** (12 January 1995 – 12 December 2020) was a South African professional soccer player. He played for Mamelodi Sundowns, as a defender. He also played for the national team from 2015 to 2020.

Madisha was killed in a car crash on 12 December 2020 in Kempton Park, Guateng at the age of 25.
Victor Gnanapragasam

Father **Victor Gnanapragasam** O.M.I. (November 21, 1940 – December 12, 2020) was a Sri Lankan Roman Catholic prelate. He was the first prefect of the Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan from 2001 until his death. Gnanapragasam was born in Jaffna, Sri Lanka.

Gnanapragasam died on December 12, 2020 from a heart attack at the age of 80.
Escurinho

**Benedito Custódio Ferreira**, nicknamed **Escurinho** (3 July 1930 – 12 December 2020) was a Brazilian footballer who played as an attacking midfielder and left winger. He was born in Nova Lima, Brazil. Escurinho played for Villa Nova, Fluminense, Atlético Junior, Portuguesa (RJ) and Bonsucesso.

He played eight times for the Brazilian national team between 1955 and 1956.

He died on 12 November 2020 from Alzheimer's disease and multiple organ failure in Nova Lima at the age of 90.
Nicolas Chumachenco

**Nicolas Chumachenco** (also known as Nicolas Chumachenko; March 27, 1944 – December 12, 2020), was a Polish-born Spanish-German violin soloist and professor. He was director of the Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra. Chumachenco was born in Kraków, in Nazi-occupied Poland, to Ukrainian parents who left Poland at the end of the Second World War.

Chumachenco died on December 12, 2020 in Schallstadt, Germany at the age of 76.
Claude Castonguay

**Claude Castonguay**,  (May 8, 1929 – December 12, 2020) was Canadian Progressive Conservative politician, educator and businessman. He was born in Quebec City, Quebec.

He was a member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1970 to 1973. Catonguay was a member of the Senate of Canada from 1990 to 1992.

Castonguay died on December 12, 2020 at the age of 91.
Bird Averitt

**William Rodney "Bird" Averitt** (July 22, 1952December 12, 2020) was an American professional basketball player in the American Basketball Association (ABA) and the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was born in Hopkinsville, Kentucky. His career lasted from 1973 to 1978. Averitt played for the San Antonio Spurs, Kentucky Colonels, Buffalo Braves and New Jersey Nets.

Averitt died on December 12, 2020 at the age of 68.
Confidence and supply

**Confidence and supply** is an agreement in a Westminster system government where parties or independents agree to support the minority government in votes of no confidence and appropriation or budget (supply) votes. This lets the government keep control of the lower house.

## Related pages

- Coalition
McNary, Louisiana

**McNary** is a village in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Hung parliament

A **hung parliament** (also called a **balanced parliament**, or as a legislature under **no overall control**) is when no political party (or coalition that existed before) has a majority in the Westminster system of legislatures. If this isn't solved with something like a confidence and supply agreement or a new coalition, the largest party will have to form a minority government. This is bad because they can easily lose a vote of no confidence, so a government is hard to run.
Hagewood, Louisiana

**Hagewood** is an unincorporated community in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States.
Mackenzie Ziegler

**Mackenzie Frances Ziegler** (born June 4, 2004) is an American dancer, actress, model, and singer. She first got noticed as a child while appearing for six years on the Lifetime reality dance series _Dance Moms_ with her older sister, Maddie Ziegler, who is a dancer and actress. She was also tulip on the masked dancer.
Without Love

***Without Love*** is a 1945 American romantic comedy movie directed by Harold S. Bacquet and was based on the 1942 play of the same name by Philip Barry. It stars Spencer Tracy, Katharine Hepburn, Lucille Ball, Keenan Wynn, Carl Esmond, Patricia Morison and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.