Professor

**Professor** (often shortened to _Prof._) is an academic rank at most universities and colleges. The word _professor_ comes from Latin. It means a "person who professes", so professors are usually expert<nowiki/>s in arts or sciences.  A professor is a teacher of the highest rank. Professors are often active in research. In many institutions, the job title 'professor' means the same as "instructor".

## Description

A professor is an accomplished and recognized academic. In most Commonwealth nations, as well as northern Europe, the title _professor_ is the highest academic rank at a university. In the United States and Canada, the title of _professor_ is also the highest rank, but a higher percentage achieve it. In these areas, professors are scholars with doctorate degrees (typically Ph.D. degrees) or equivalent qualifications, though some have master's degrees.

Most professors teach in four-year colleges and universities. An emeritus professor is a title given to selected retired professors with whom the university wishes to continue to be associated due to their stature and ongoing research. Emeritus professors do not receive a salary. However, they are often given office or lab space, and use of libraries, labs, and so on.

### Division

_Professor_ is also used in the titles **assistant professor** and **associate professor**, which are not considered non-tenured professors. In Australia, the title _associate professor_ is used in place of _reader_, ranking above senior lecturer and below full professor.

Beyond holding the proper academic title, universities in many countries also give notable artists, athletes and foreign dignitaries the title _honorary professor_, even if these persons do not have the academic qualifications typically necessary for professorship and they do not take up professorial duties. However, such "professors" usually do not undertake academic work for the granting institution. In general, the title of professor is strictly used for academic positions rather than for those holding it on honorary basis.

## Adjunct

An **adjunct professor**, also called an  **adjunct lecturer** or **adjunct instructor** is a non-tenure position in the U.S. and Canada. They usually rank below a full professor. They are usually hired on a contract basis. They are often hired as part-time instructors especially at universities and colleges with tightening budgets. The position of an adjunct can often lead to a full-time professorship. It is also an opportunity for professionals to teach part-time.

## Salary

A professor's salary can vary by education, school, subject taught and country. A professor typically earns a base salary and a range of benefits. In addition, a professor who undertakes additional roles in her institution (e.g., department chair, dean, head of graduate studies, etc.) earns additional income. In the United States, in 2014, a tenured Law professor made an average of $143,509 a year. By comparison, those teaching history, English, the Arts or Theology make about half that amount. But both are far above the median income for a person in the US.

### Average by country

|Country|Average/month|Average/week|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Australia|5,945 AUD||
|Brazil|2,604 reals|26.9|
|Canada|4,631 CAD|36.0|
|Czech Republic|21,064 CSK|33.5|
|Finland|3,155 euros (men)|36.4|
|Germany|4,902	euros||
|Hungary|242,296 HUFs||
|Italy|4,220 euros||
|Japan|582,421 yen||
|Kuwait|960 dinars|36.0|
|Latvia|419 lats|29.8|
|Mexico|13,877 pesos|42.0|
|Peru|2,583 PEN||
|Philippines|19,524 PHP||
|Portugal|1,519 euros|36.8|
|Romania|2,168 RON (men)|38.8|
|Thailand|21,067	THB (men)|38.0|
|United Kingdom|3,119 GBP|36.0|
|United States|6,103 USD|32.3|

## Related pages

- Teacher
- Lecturer
- Habilitation