juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dermestidae

**Dermestidae** are a family of Coleoptera. They are also known as **skin beetles**, larder beetles, hide beetles, leather beetles, carpet beetles, and khapra beetles. There are 500 to 700 species of dermestids. They can be up to 112 mm in length. Adults have round oval-shaped bodies covered in scales or setae.

Most dermestids are scavengers that feed on dry animal or plant material. This includes skin or pollen, animal hair, feathers, dead insects, and natural fibers. Dermestids can be found living in dead animals and feeding on them. Others can be found living in mammal, bird, bee, or wasp nests. _Thaumaglossa_ only lives in the egg cases of mantids. Many _Trogoderma_ species are pests that eat grain.

The beetles found living in dead animals are studied in criminal investigations (forensic entomology). Many species are pests which can damage natural fibers in homes and businesses. Dermestids are sometimes used by natural history museums to clean animal skeletons.

## Books

- Pasquerault T. _et al_ 2008. Répartition des espèces du genre Dermestes L. 1758 récoltés sur des cadavres humains (Coleoptera Dermestidae). _L'entomologiste_ Tome 64 N°4 pp 221–224.
- Hinton H.E. 1945. _A monograph of the beetles associated with stored products_. **1**, 387–395 British Museum (Natural History), London. Keys to world adults and larvae, genera and species; excellent figures, full species information.
- Freude H; Harde K.W. & Lohse G.A. 1979.  _Dermestidae_. _Die Käfer Mitteleuropas_ **6**: Diversicornia (Lycidae — Byrrhidae) 1206 text figs. 367pp. Goecke & Evers. Text in German; the Dermestidae are on pages 304–327.

## Other websites

- Dermestidae of the World
- List of North American Species
- Dermestidae-Literature
- Russian Atlas of Carpet Beetles-excellent images
- USDA Leaflet on Carpet beetles
- on the University of Florida / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
    - _Anthrenus flavipes_, furniture carpet beetle
    - _Anthrenus scrophulariae_, common carpet beetle
    - _Dermestes atar_, black larder beetle
    - _Dermestes maculatus_, hide beetle
- Carpet Beetles, Kansas State University
Dytiscidae

The **Dytiscidae** (Greek _dytikos_ ("able to dive") is a family of water beetles. They are called **predaceous diving beetles**. They are about 25 mm (one inch). The largest beetle, _Dytiscus latissimus_, can reach 45 mm long.

Most Dytiscidaes are dark brown, black-ish or dark olive in color with golden highlights in some subfamilies. The larvae are called "water tigers". The water tigers will eat tadpoles and glassworms. They will also eat anything small living in the water. There are about 4,000 species in over 160 genera of Dytiscidae.

## Food

The _Cybister_ can be eaten by humans. In Mexico, _C. explanatus_ are roasted and salted onto tacos. In Japan, _C. japonicus_ is used as food. In Guangdong Province, China, several species are eaten. The great diving beetle (_Dytiscus marginalis_) are bred for human food. Dytiscidae have been eaten in Taiwan, Thailand, and New Guinea. Birds and other small mammals eat _Dytiscidaes_.

## Books

- (2004): Water for a Healthy Country - Family Dytiscidae. Version of 2004-JUL-02. Retrieved 2008-AUG-04
- (2002): Chapter 26 - Eastern Asia: China, Japan, and other countries . _In: The Human Use of Insects as a Food Resource:  A Bibliographic Account in Progress_.
- (2003): Fried water beetles Cantonese style. _American Entomologist_ **49**(1): 34-37. PDF fulltext

## Other websites

- Video of the dangerous mandibles of a Dytiscidae larva
Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen

***Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen*** is a 2004 American teen comedy movie. It was written by Gail Parent and is based on the novel of the same name by Dyan Sheldon. It was directed by Sara Sugarman. It was produced by Robert Shapiro and Matthew Hart. It is narrated by and stars Lindsay Lohan as Lola Steppe, a 15-year-old girl who wants to be an actress. She moves from New York City to New Jersey. Her classmates include Ella Gerard (Alison Pill) and Carla Santini (Megan Fox). Adam Garcia plays rock singer Stu Wolff. Glenne Headly plays Lola's mother Karen Cep.
Endosperm

**Endosperm** is a food reserve tissue inside the seeds of most flowering plants. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch. It may also have oils and protein.

The endosperm of cereal plants can be a source of energy for humans. Wheat endosperm is ground into flour for bread. With whole wheat bread the bran (cover of seed) and the germ is also in the flour. Barley endosperm is the main source for beer production. Other examples of edible endosperms are coconut 'meat' and coconut 'water', and corn, including popcorn. Some plants, like the orchids, lack endosperm in their seeds.

## Origin of endosperm

Primitive (basal) flowering plants have seeds with small embryos and big endosperms. The evolutionary development of flowering plants tends to show a trend towards plants with seeds with little or no endosperm. In more derived flowering plants the embryo occupies most of the seed and the endosperm is not developed or consumed before the seed matures. In these plants, the cotyledons contain the food reserve.

### Double fertilization

Endosperm is formed when the two sperm nuclei inside a pollen grain reach the inside of an ovule or embryo sac. One sperm nucleus fertilizes the egg, forming a zygote, while the other sperm nucleus usually fuses with the two polar nuclei at the center of the embryo sac. This makes the first endosperm cell, which develops into the endosperm. Because it is formed by a separate fertilization, the endosperm is an organism distinct from the embryo (though placed next to it in the seed).

About 70% of angiosperm species have endosperm cells that are polyploid. These are typically triploid (containing three sets of chromosomes) but can vary widely from diploid (2n) to 15n.
Teen movie

A **teen movie** is a movie that are made for teenagers or has teen actors. The plots of teen movie are about coming of age, first love, conflicts with parents, and bullying by other teens. Movies in this movie genre are usually set in high school. In some movies, there may be some sexual scenes.

## Types

- Teen drama (like _The Black Balloon_)
- Teen comedy (like _American Pie_ series)
- Teen horror (like _Halloween_)
- Teen musicals (like _High School Musical_)
- Teen romance (like _Gidget_)
- Teen sci-fi (like _Back to the Future_)

## Other websites

- Entertainment Weekly's 50 Best High School Movies
- High School Reunion Collection
- LIKE THE 80S - THE 80S TEEN MOVIE SITE
Wet 'n Wild Orlando

**Wet 'n Wild Orlando** was a water park in Orlando, Florida. It was founded by Sea World creator George Millay on March 13, 1977. Wet 'n Wild Orlando is the first major water park in the United States. Millay won the Lifetime Achievement Award from the World Waterpark Association. They later named him "Father of the waterpark". The water park has 8 single-person rides, 6 multi-person rides, 1 kids park (a miniature version of all the rides in the park), and 3 other activities (lazy river, volleyball, and surfing).

It was announced on June 17, 2015 that the park would permanently close on December 31, 2016.

It was replaced by Volcano Bay in 2017.

## Other websites

- Official Facebook pages
- Wet 'n Wild Guide
Terry and June

***Terry and June*** is a British sitcom that was shown on BBC One from 1979 until 1987. It stars Terry Scott and June Whitfield as Terry and June Medford, a middle class, middle aged, married couple who live in Purley, London.
Yukio Mishima

was a Japanese writer, poet, playwright, actor and film director. One of his close friends was Yasunari Kawabata. On November 25, 1970, he tried to make a coup d'état for military force but in vain and killed himself via seppuku.

## Early life

Mishima studied at the elite . When he was child, he stuttered.

In 1941, Mishima wrote his first notable story.  In , he described a feeling that his ancestors lived within him.

Mishima graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1947.

## Career

Mishima worked in the Japanese Ministry of Finance.  At the same time, he was writing.

In 1949, he published his first major novel, _Confessions of a mask._

## Selected works

In a summary based on writings by and about Yukio Mishima, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 1,700+ works in 4,400+ publications in 40+ languages and 56,600+ library holdings.
- _This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it._
- _Confessions of a mask,_ 1949
- _The sound of waves,_ 1952
- _The temple of the golden pavilion by Yukio Mishima_, 1956
- _The sailor who fell from grace with the sea,_ 1959
- _After the banquet,_ 1960
- _Death in midsummer, and other stories,_ 1966
- _Spring snow,_ 1968
- _Runaway horses,_ 1969
- _The temple of dawn,_ 1969
- _The decay of the angel,_ 1971

## Other websites

- Books and Writers bio
- Mishima chronology, with links

## Infobox (chinese)

- **pic**: Yukio Mishima.jpg
- **piccap**: Yukio Mishima, 1956
- **kanji**: 三島 由紀夫
- **hiragana**: みしま ゆきお
- **katakana**: ミシマ ユキオ
- **romaji**: Mishima Yukio
Zeami Motokiyo

, also lnown as , was a Japanese  actor and playwright.

## Career

His career in Noh theater was supported by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu. After Yoshimitsu's death, the later Ashikaga shoguns were less supportive.

## Sado Island

In 1434, Zeami was exiled to Sado Island.  He returned only a few years before his death.

## Selected works

In a summary based on writings by and about Zeami, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 1,700+ works in 4,400+ publications in 40+ languages and 56,600+ library holdings.
- _This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it._
- _Kadensho_, 1420-1430
- _Hagoromo_
- _Shunkan_
- _Takasago_
- _Tadanori_
- _Kinuta_
- _Izutsu_
The Exorcism of Emily Rose

***The Exorcism of Emily Rose*** is a horror-drama movie of 2005. Laura Linney and Mary Beth Hurt star. This horror movie got mixed reviews.
Frugality

**Frugality** is a quality of spending money very carefully and in limited amounts. This decision can be made for various reasons. Some reasons include: to save money, to make costs smaller, and to get the most possible value from purchases.

## Examples

Some ways to try to be frugal could be to make less waste, stop doing things (such as travel or entertainment) with high costs, control one's spending desires, get all the use out of an item before replacing it, and disagree with customs that have high costs. More ways could include using zero-cost choices, barter<nowiki/>ing (trading without money), and having a good knowledge of prices.

Some people will use a discount store to find low-cost things. Some will buy things used by other people in thrift stores, garage sales, flea markets, or from classified advertising in a newspaper or on the internet from a site similar to Craigslist.

## Philosophy

Frugality in some philosophies is when a person does not agree with experts who say they know what is good for everybody. This is a special use of the word for philosophers.

Many religions think frugality is important and good. The Quakers and Puritans are two examples of Christian religions that put high value on frugality. The base of this idea is that people should store money to use when any person (not only friends) needs help.

Environmentalists think that being frugal is good. They think because ancient humans did not need many things and were able to get happiness from nature, it is more natural to be frugal than to agree with the customs of modern living.
Tineidae

**Tineidae** (or **clothes moth**) is a family of moths. They are known as **fungus moths** or **tineid moths**.

There are more than 3,000 species in over 300 genera. Most of the tineid moths are small or medium-sized. They have wings. They are common in the Palaearctic. Others found elsewhere were introduced

Tineids eat living plants, fungi, lichens, and detritus. The best-known members of the family are the clothes moths. They eat stored fabrics. The most widespread species are the common clothes moth (_Tineola bisselliella_), the case-bearing clothes moth (_Tinea pellionella_) and the carpet moth (_Trichophaga tapetzella_). The brown-dotted clothes moths (_Niditinea fuscella_) feeds on feathers in a bird's nest. The genus _Ceratophaga_, feeds on dead animals such as mammals and the shells of dead tortoises.

## Books

- Dugdale, J.S., 1988. Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue and keys of family-group taxa. _Fauna of New Zealand_, 14: 1-262.
- Gaedike, R. 1983. Zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Tineiden Die Gattung _Infurcitinea_ Spuler, 1910 (Lepidoptera). _Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden_, 46: 121-150.
- Gaedike, R. 1985. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Tineiden: Gattung_ Obesoceras_ Petersen, 1957 (Lepidoptera). _Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden_, 48: 167-181.
- Hinton, H.E. 1956. The larvae of the species of Tineidae of economic importance._ Bulletin of Entomological Research_, 47: 251-346.
- Leraut, P., 1985. Mise a jour de la liste des Tineides de la faune de France. _Entomologica Gallica_, 1(4): 319-325.
- Petersen, G. 1957-8. Die Genitalien der paläarktischen Tineiden. _Beiträge zur Entomologie_, 7: 55-176, 338-380, 557-595; 8: 111-118, 398-430.
- Robinson, G.S. 1979. Clothes-moths of the Tinea pellionella complex: a revision of the world's species (Lepidoptera: Tineidae). _Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)_, 38: 57-128, figs 1-103.
- Zagulajev A K. 1988 English translation (original 1975). _Clothes Moths (Tineidae)_ (English translation of Nastoyaschie Moli (Tineidae)).Akademiya Nauk SSSr, Zoologicheskii Institut, New series No. 108

## References

- Global Taxonomic Database of Tineidae
- Common Clothes Moth
- A Caterpillar that Eats Tortoise Shells
- Tineid of Korea
- Fauna Europaea
Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too

***Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too*** is a reality television show. It first premiered on Oxygen on March 16, 2010. Its a spin-off show from the _Bad Girls Club_. American comedian Bret Ernst was the host of the first season. The show was renewed for its third season Second season of _Bad Girls Club_ Tanisha Thomas began hosting the season starting with the second season. There has been three complete seasons of _Love Games: Bad Girls Need Love Too_'. The show is about past season "bad girls" looking for love.

|rowspan="2"|Season|rowspan="2"|Episodes|colspan="2"|Originally released|rowspan="2"|Winners|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|8|March 16, 2010|May 4, 2010|Sarah Michaels & Nick Christensen||||
|2|8|April 18, 2011|June 13, 2011|Lea Beaulieu & Robert Riva||||
|3|8|December 5, 2011|January 23, 2012|Judi Jai & Matthew Goodman||||
|4|9|November 5, 2012|January 15, 2013|Amy Cieslowski & Joey Paggi||||
Wide Sargasso Sea

***Wide Sargasso Sea*** is a 1993 erotic drama movie in which Rachel Ward, Karina Lombard and Naomi Watts star. _Wide Sargasso Sea_ is rated NC-17 because of sexual content. It is based on the 1966 Jean Rhys book of the same name.

The movie is about love and lust in 1840s Jamaica, shortly after Britain freed the slaves in its Caribbean colonies.

The movie received mixed reviews from critics. Roger Ebert gave the movie three and a half stars.
Alejo Carpentier

**Alejo Carpentier y Valmont** (December 26, 1904 – April 24, 1980) was a Cuban novelist, essayist, and musicologist. He greatly influenced Latin American literature during its famous "boom" period. Born in Lausanne, Switzerland, Carpentier grew up in Havana, Cuba and Paris. Carpentier always said he was Cuban. He traveled a lot, mostly in France, and to Mexico. He sided with revolutionary movements, such as Fidel Castro's Communist Revolution in Cuba in the mid-century. Carpentier was jailed and exiled for his leftist political philosophies.

Carpentier studied and understood music. He wrote a book _La música en Cuba_ in the music of Cuba. He put in musical themes and literary techniques in his writing. Although Carpentier wrote many types of writing, such as journalism, radio drama, playwrighting, academic essays, opera and libretto, he is best known for his novels. He was among the first to use magical realism. He explored the fantastic quality of Latin American history and culture.

Carpentier's writing style used the Baroque style which had become popular again. It was called _New World Baroque_. It was a style that Latin American artists took from the European model. Carpentier also brought the Surrealist theory to Latin American literature. Carpentier had parts of Latin American political history, music, social injustice and art in his writings. His writing influenced younger Latin American and Cuban writers like Lisandro Otero, Leonardo Padura and Fernando Velázquez Medina.

Carpentier died of cancer in Paris in 1980. He was buried in Havana's Colon Cemetery.

## Major works

Carpentier's major works include:

- _Ecue-yamba-o!_ (1933)
- _La música en Cuba_ (1946) (_The Music of Cuba_), an ethno-musicological study of Cuba starting from the sixteenth century, the arrival of European explorers, till the present day of publication, the mid twentieth century.
- _El reino de este mundo_ (1949) (_The Kingdom of this World_)
- _Los pasos perdidos_ (1953) (_The Lost Steps_)
- _El acoso_ (1956) (_Manhunt_)
- _Guerra del tiempo_ (1958) (_War of Time_)
- _El siglo de las luces_ (1962) (_Explosion in a Cathedral_)
- _El Recurso del método_ (1974) (_Reasons of State_)
- _Concierto barroco_ (1974) (_Concierto barroco_; English: _Baroque Concert_), based on the 1709 meeting of Vivaldi, Handel and Domenico Scarlatti, with cameo appearances by Wagner and Stravinsky, and fictional characters from the new world who inspire the Venetian composer's opera, _Motezuma_.
- _La consagración de la primavera_ (1978) (_The Rite of Spring_; _Le Sacre du Printemps_, ballet by Igor Stravinsky)
- _El arpa y la sombra_ (1978) (_The Harp and the Shadow_) dealing with Columbus.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Alejo Carpentier
- **image**: Alejocarpentier.jpg
- **imagesize**: 180px
- **birth place**: Lausanne, Switzerland
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **resting place**: Colon Cemetery, Havana
- **nationality**: Cuban
- **notableworks**: _The Kingdom of this World, El reino de este mundo_
Sean Penn

**Sean Justin Penn** (born August 17, 1960) is an American actor, screenwriter, movie director, producer and activist.

Penn won an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for _Mystic River_ and another Academy Award for _Milk_. He was nominated for another Golden Globe and Academy Award for his role as Colonel Lockjaw in _One Battle After Another_.

Penn was married to Madonna from 1985 until they divorced in 1989. He and Robin Wright had a daughter in 1991 and a son in 1993. The couple married in 1996 and divorced in 2010.

As of February 24, 2022, Penn was in Ukraine doing (or filming) a documentary movie about the ongoing 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Penn went to press briefings in Kyiv, met with the president and other officials and spoke to journalists and military personnel about the Russian invasion; By March 2, he had left the country.

## Early life

Penn was born in Los Angeles, California, the middle son of actor Leo Penn (1921-1998) and actress Eileen Ryan (born 1928). His brothers are musician Michael Penn (born 1958) and actor Chris Penn (1965-2006).

## Filmography

Penn has starred in many movies, including: _Taps_, _Fast Times at Ridgemont High_, _Colors_, _Casualties of War_, _We're No Angels_, _Carlito's Way_, _Dead Man Walking_, _U Turn_, _The Game_, _The Thin Red Line_, _Being John Malkovich_, _The Weight of Water_, _I Am Sam_, _Mystic River_, _21 Grams_, _The Assassination of Richard Nixon_, _The Interpreter_, _All the King's Men_, _Persepolis_, _Milk_, _Fair Game_, _The Tree of Life_ and _This Must Be the Place_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sean Justin Penn
- **birth name**: Sean Justin Penn
- **image**: Sean Penn Cannes 2016.jpg
- **caption**: Sean Penn in 2016
- **birth place**: Santa Monica, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor, filmmaker
- **years active**: 1974–present
- **parents**: Leo Penn
Eileen Ryan
- **relations**: Chris Penn (brother)
Michael Penn (brother)
- **children**: 2, including Dylan Penn
Clifford D. Simak

**Clifford Donald Simak** (August 3, 1904 – April 25, 1988) was an American science fiction writer. He received three Hugo Awards and one Nebula Award. He was named the third Grand Master by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) in 1977.

## Biography

Simak was born in Millville, Wisconsin to parent's John Lewis and Margaret (Wiseman) Simak. He married Agnes Kuchenberg on April 13, 1929. They had two children, Scott and Shelley. Simak attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He later worked at various newspapers in the Midwest. He began to work with the _Minneapolis Star and Tribune_ (in Minneapolis, Minnesota). This went from 1939 to his retirement in 1976.

## Writing career

Simak became interested in science fiction after reading the works of H. G. Wells as a child. He started writing for science fiction pulp magazines in 1931. The only science-fiction piece that he published between 1933 and 1937 was _The Creator_ (_Marvel Tales_ #4, March–April 1935).

In late 1937, Simak returned to science fiction. He was a regular contributor to _Astounding Stories_ during the Golden Age of Science Fiction (1938–1950). His first publications, such as _Cosmic Engineers_ (1939), were in the style of the earlier superscience type. He soon made his own style, which is usually described as gentle and pastoral. During this period, Simak also published a number of war and western stories in pulp magazines. His best known novel may be _City_, a collection of short stories with a common theme of mankind's eventual leaving from Earth.

Simak continued to write award-nominated novels during the 1950s and 1960s. Helped by a friend, he continued writing and publishing science fiction and, later, fantasy, into his 80s.

## Awards

- International Fantasy Award for best fiction book (1953) for _City_
- Hugo award for best novelette (1959) for _The Big Front Yard_
- Hugo award for best novel (1964) for _Way Station_
- Minnesota Academy of Science Award for distinguished service to science 1967
- First Fandom Hall of Fame award 1973
- Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award 1976
- Jupiter Award for best novel (1978) for _A Heritage of Stars_
- Hugo award for best short story (1981) for _Grotto of the Dancing Deer_
- Nebula award for best short story (1981) for _Grotto of the Dancing Deer_
- Locus Award for best short story (1981) for _Grotto of the Dancing Deer_
- Analog Analytical Laboratory award for best short story (1981) for _Grotto of the Dancing Deer_
- Bram Stoker Lifetime Achievement award 1988

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Clifford D. Simak
- **birth place**: Millville, Wisconsin, Millville, Wisconsin
- **death place**: Minneapolis, Minnesota
- **occupation**: Journalist, novelist, short story author
- **genre**: Science fiction, fantasy, popular science
Jerry Mathers

**Gerald Patrick "Jerry" Mathers** (born June 2, 1948) is an American actor and writer. He played Beaver Cleaver in the sitcom television series _Leave It to Beaver_. In 1998 he wrote a book called  _...And Jerry Mathers as "The Beaver"_. Mathers was born in Sioux City, Iowa.

In 1973, Mathers went to the University of California, Berkeley, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy. In 1981, he worked as a disc jockey at KEZY radio in Anaheim, California.

Mathers was diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes in 1996.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jerry Mathers
- **image**: Jerry Mathers 1960.jpg
- **caption**: Mathers in 1960
- **birth name**: Gerald Patrick Mathers
- **birth place**: Sioux City, Iowa, U.S.
- **alma mater**: University of California, Berkeley
- **years active**: 1950–present
- **known for**: _Leave It to Beaver_
- **spouse**:
 Rhonda Gehring (m. 198?–1997)

- **children**: 3
- **relatives**: Jim Mathers (brother)
Kasai River

The **Kasai River** (called **Cassai** in Angola) is a river in central Africa. The river begins in Angola.  It makes a border between Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).  It joins the Congo at Kwamouth. The Kasai's tributaries include the Fimi, Kwango, and Sankuru rivers.
Tony Dow

**Tony Lee Dow** (April 13, 1945 – July 27, 2022) was an American actor, director, and movie producer. He played Wally Cleaver in the sitcom television series _Leave It to Beaver_ from 1957 to 1963. He played the same role again in _The New Leave It to Beaver_ from 1983 to 1989. He also directed several episodes of _Babylon 5_. Dow was born in Hollywood, California.

In May 2022, Dow was diagnosed with liver cancer.  On July 26, 2022, it was reported that Dow was in his "final moments" under hospice care in Topanga, California. He died from the disease on July 27, 2022 at his home in Topanga, California at the age of 77.

## Other websites

- _Tony Dow's Sculpture Website_

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tony Dow
- **image**: Leave It to Beaver Tony Dow 1961.jpg
- **caption**: Dow in 1961
- **birth name**: Tony Lee Dow
- **birth place**: Hollywood, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Topanga, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Problems caused by liver cancer
- **years active**: 1949–2022
Ubangi River

The **Ubangi River**, also spelled **Oubangui**, is a river of Central Africa. It is the largest right-bank tributary of the Congo River. It begins where the Mbomou and Uele Rivers come together.  It flows west, then bends to the southwest and passes through Bangui. Then the river flows south to the Congo at Liranga. The Ubangi's length is about . The Ubangi's drainage basin is about .  The basin includes parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, and Republic of Congo.

Together with the Congo River, it important for transportation for river boats between Bangui and Brazzaville.

Some people want the water from the Ubangi to go to the Chari River.  The Chari River empties into Lake Chad. They say this will help with fishing and make agriculture better.
Benue River

The **Benue River** is a river in Africa. It is the major tributary of the Niger River. The river is about 1,400 km long. People can travel on it for nearly the whole length in the summer months. It is an important transportation route in the places it flows through.

It starts in the Adamawa Plateau of northern Cameroon. It flows west, and through the town of Garoua and Lagdo Reservoir, into Nigeria south of the Mandara mountains.  Then it goes through Jimeta, Ibi and Makurdi before meeting the Niger at Lokoja.

Large tributaries are the Gongola River and the Mayo Kébbi. Other tributaries are Taraba River and River Katsina Ala.
Regina Duarte

**Regina Blois Duarte** (born February 5, 1947]) is a Brazilian actress. From March to May 2020, she served as Special Secretary of Culture, a cabinet position in President Jair Bolsonaro's administration.

## Infobox (person)

- **embed**: yes
- **years active**: 1965–2020


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Regina Duarte
- **image**: Regina Duarte como Secretária Especial de Cultura.jpg
- **caption**: Regina Duarte in 2020
- **office**: Special Secretary of Culture
- **term start**: March 4, 2020
- **term end**: June 10, 2020
- **president**: Jair Bolsonaro
- **1blankname**: Ministry of Tourism (Brazil), Minister
- **1namedata**: Marcelo Álvaro Antônio
- **predecessor**: Roberto Alvim
- **successor**: Mário Frias
- **birth name**: Regina Blois Duarte
- **birth place**: Franca, São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Brazil
- **occupation**: Actress
- **partner**: Eduardo Lippincott (2000–present)
- **mother**: Dulce Blois
- **father**: Jesus Duarte
Anna Muzychuk

**Anna Muzychuk** (born 28 February 1990 in Lviv, Ukraine) is the second-rated woman chess player in the world. She earned the title of Woman Grandmaster in 2004, and the title of Grandmaster in 2012. In 2004 she became a member of the Slovenian chess federation, where she was the strongest female chess player. Her younger sister Mariya  is an International master.

Muzychuk has played on first board for the Slovenian team from 2004 to 2014. Since 2014 she represents the Ukrainian chess federation. In 36th Chess Olympiad, she defeated, among others, the former Women's World Chess Champion grandmaster Antoaneta Stefanova. In the 37th Chess Olympiad she helped the Slovenian women's team, seeded 17th, to finished tenth.

In 2017, Muzychuk she refused to go to the World Rapid and Blitz Championships in Saudi Arabia. She said on Facebook:> In a few days I am going to lose two World Champion titles – one by one. Just because I decided not to go to Saudi Arabia. Not to play by someone's rules, not to wear abaya, not to be accompanied getting outside, and altogether not to feel myself a secondary creature. Exactly one year ago I won these two titles and was about the happiest person in the chess world but this time I feel really bad. I am ready to stand for my principles and skip the event, where in five days I was expected to earn more than I do in a dozen of events combined. All that is annoying, but the most upsetting thing is that almost nobody really cares. That is a really bitter feeling, still not the one to change my opinion and my principles. The same goes for my sister Mariya – and I am really happy that we share this point of view.

## Other websites

- Chessbase.com: An interview with Anna Muzychuk
- Interview with Anna Muzychuk
- Chessgames.com: The chess games of Anna Muzychuk
- World champion in 2005 (girls U16) - photo

## Infobox (chess player)

- **playername**: Anna Muzychuk
- **image**: Muzychuk Anna.jpg
- **birthname**: Anna Olegivna Muzychuk
- **country**: Ukraine
Slovenia
- **birth place**: Lviv, Ukraine
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster
- **rating**: 2598
<small>(#3 ranked woman in the May 2012 FIDE world rankings)</small>
- **peakrating**: 2598 <small>(May 2012)</small>
- **fideid**: 14111330
Mambo

- _Do not confuse with mamba, which is a snake_

**Mambo** is a word with Afro-Latin connections. Most common meanings are:

- Mambo (rhythm): a Cuban or AfroCuban musical rhythm and its associated dance. Invented around 1950 in Havana.
- Mambo section: a musical bridge or section in some kinds of Cuban (and Caribbean) music.
- Mambo (Voodoo): A Haitian word for a Voodoo priestess.

The word also occurs in the title of many pieces of recorded music.
Bionics

**Bionics** (also known as **biomimetics**) is the science about studying nature to create modern technology with biological method.

## History

The name "biomimetics" was coined by Otto Schmitt in the 1950s. The term "bionics" was coined by Jack E. Steele in August 1958. He was then working at the _Aeronautics Division_ _House_ at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio. However, terms like biomimicry or biomimetics are more preferred in the technology world in efforts to avoid confusion between the medical term "bionics." Coincidentally, Martin Caidin used the word for his 1972 novel _Cyborg_, which inspired the series _The Six Million Dollar Man_. Caidin was a long-time aviation industry writer before turning to fiction full-time.

## Methods

The study of bionics often emphasizes implementing a function found in nature rather than imitating biological structures. For example, in computer science, cybernetics tries to model the feedback and control mechanisms that are inherent in intelligent behavior, while artificial intelligence tries to model the intelligent function.

## Related pages

- Biophysics
Frances Bavier

**Frances Elizabeth Bavier** (December 14, 1902 – December 6, 1989) was an American actress. She played Aunt Bee in the sitcom television series _The Andy Griffith Show_. She played the same character in the sequel series _Mayberry, R. F. D._. Bavier won two Emmy Awards. She retired from acting and moved to Siler City, North Carolina. She is buried there.

## Early life and career

Born in New York City, Bavier originally planned to become a teacher after attending Columbia University. She first appeared in vaudeville, later moving to the Broadway stage.She also appeared in an episode of the Alfred Hitchcock TV show entitled “Revenge”

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frances Bavier
- **image**: Frances Bavier 1964.JPG
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **caption**: Frances Bavier in 1964.
- **birthname**: Frances Elizabeth Bavier
- **birth place**: New York City, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Siler City, North Carolina, U.S.
- **death cause**: Myocardial infarction, Heart attack
- **resting place**: Oakwood Cemetery
- **alma mater**: Columbia University
American Academy of Dramatic Arts
- **othername**: Hazel Howard
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1930–1974
Leptodactylidae

**Leptodactylidae** is a family of frogs. They are believed to have been on Earth since the Cenozoic era or at the end of the Mesozoic. There are 1,100 species in 50 genera. The _Eleutherodactylus_ is the largest genus with over 700 different species. Leptodactylidae frogs lives in Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. The family includes terrestrial, burrowing, aquatic, and arboreal frogs.

Some of the frogs lay their eggs in foam nests. They will lay their eggs in crevices, on the surface of water, or on the forest floors. For tadpoles that are laid on the forest floors will remain there until they become frogs. They will not eat anything. In the genus _Elutherodactylus_, the eggs will automatically become small frogs. They will not go through the tadpole stage. Leptodactylids can be found in fossil records. One specimen, was found preserved and is thought to be 37 million years old.

## Other websites

- Leptodactylidae, from the Tree of Life Web Project
- Leptodactylidae taxonomy, from the NCBI taxonomy browser
- Leptodacylidae classification, from Animal Diversity Web
- Leptodactylid description, from AmphibiaWeb
Eleutherodactylus

**Eleutherodactylus** is a genus of frogs in the Eleutherodactylidae family. There are 185 species of _Eleutherodactylus_. Many of them are commonly called "rain frogs" or "robber frogs". This is because of their sharp, high-pitched, and insect-like calls.

The common coquí (_Eleutherodactylus coqui_) is the best known species. They are a national symbol of Puerto Rico. They are also an invasive species in the US state of Hawaii. Two _Eleutherodactylus_ species, _E. limbatus_ and _E. iberia_, belong to the smallest known frogs. They measure only 8½ mm in length.
Red-eared slider

The **red-eared slider** (_Trachemys scripta elegans_) is a semi-aquatic turtle. It belongs to the family Emydidae. It is the most popular pet turtle in the United States. It lives in Southern United States. It is also found in many other places as an invasive species. They can be found in the US state of California where it was introduced. Rhubarb leaves are poisonous for them. Overfeeding may cause diseases for the turtles.

## Other websites

- Red-ear slider
- Discovery Channel's Animal Planet: Red-eared slider
- Information on aquatic turtles & tortoises including a few articles specific to Red-eared Terrapin
- Gulf Coast Turtle & Tortoise Society: Natural History: Red-eared slider
Americanisation

**Americanisation** means that a culture (often a country) is heavily influenced by so-called _anglicisms_. These anglicisms are American-based. Anglicisms can be institution, values, ways and behaviours, but can also be symbols and pictures.

In Americanisation, the transferring of American culture is only one-way. A culture is being Americanised, but the United States aren't affected by the other culture in return.
Bletchley Park

**Bletchley Park** is an estate in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. It was the site of the United Kingdom's main codebreaking team during World War II. Now, Bletchley Park is home to the National Codes Centre and The National Museum of Computing.

The Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) and _Station X_, a secret radio interception station, was also at Bletchley Park. The information gained by workers at Bletchley Park was very important for the Allied war effort.

In 1939, in Warsaw, the Polish military showed French and British intelligence agents their cryptanalysis of the Enigma. They promised each delegation a Polish-built Enigma. Having an actual Enigma machine, and knowing how to use it, was a much-needed start for the British work at Bletchley Park. Dilly Knox and Alan Turing were later joined by many other codebreakers and engineering staff.

The high-level intelligence produced at Bletchley Park codenamed Ultra, gave crucial help to the Allied war effort. It was vital during the Battle of the Atlantic, when the German U-boat submarine fleet sank merchant shipping in an attempt to starve Britain of supplies. Winston Churchill was later to say:

> The Battle of the Atlantic was the dominating factor all through the war. Never for one moment could we forget that everything happening elsewhere, on land, at sea, or in the air depended ultimately on its outcome.

Sir Harry Hinsley (a Bletchley veteran and the official historian of British Intelligence during the Second World War) said that Ultra shortened the war by two to four years. The outcome of the war would have been uncertain without it.

## Location

One of the reasons for choosing Bletchley Park for this task was its location. By train, it is about  north-west of London,  from Oxford and about  from Cambridge all-important university cities. Bletchley railway station is close-by, on the junction of the West Coast Main Line and the Oxford–Cambridge Varsity Line. Apart from the railway lines, Bletchley Park was not near any other likely bombing target.

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: Bletchley Park
- **image**: Bletchley Park Mansion.jpg
- **caption**: The Mansion in 2017
- **map type**: UK England
- **map relief**: 1
- **map caption**: Location in England
- **map dot label**: <small>Bletchley
Park</small>
- **established**: 1938 (as a code-breaking centre); 1993 (as a museum)
- **location**: Bletchley, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom
- **director**: Iain Standen
- **publictransit**: Bletchley railway station
Guyot

A **guyot** is an underwater mountain  or seamount with a flat top. This geologic feature is also called a **tablemount**.  In general, the guyot or tablemount is over 200 meters (660 feet) below the surface of the sea. The diameters of these flat underwater summits may be more than .

## History

The existence of flat-topped mountains below the surface of the ocean was established in 1965. Harry Hammond Hess used echo-sounding equipment to map the floor of the ocean.  The research revealed that some undersea mountains had flat tops.

Hess called these undersea mountains "guyots" because they reminded him of Guyot Hall at Princeton University. The flat roof was a special feature of this building.  Guyot Hall was  named after the 18th century geographer Arnold Henry Guyot.  In other words, the geology term "guyot" comes from his name.

## Description

Guyots show evidence of having been above the surface at one time. The exposed area was shaped by erosion caused by rain, wind and waves.

The Hawaiian islands plus former islands which are now beneath the sea make up the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain, and five of the peaks in the chain are guyots.

## Related pages

- Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain
- Hotspot (geology)
- Atoll
- Seamount

## Other websites

- Texas A&M University, Figure 3.8: Wilde guyot map
Hazel (TV series)

***Hazel*** is an American sitcom television series that ran from September 28, 1961 to April 11, 1966 on NBC. It moved to CBS for its last year. The series' first year was made in black and white.  The next four years were in color. The show's first season was fourth in the 1961-1962 Nielsen's ratings.

The series is based on a single-panel comic strip by Ted Key. This comic that ran for many years in _The Saturday Evening Post_. It was usually on one of the last pages.

The series stars Shirley Booth as Hazel Burke. Hazel is a live-in maid for the Baxter family. Don Defore plays her boss George "Mr. B" Baxter (a lawyer). Whitney Blake plays his wife Dorothy "Missy" Baxter (an interior decorator). Bobby Buntrock plays their young son Harold "Sport" Baxter. The Baxter's have a big, shaggy dog named Smiley.

Other characters were in the series. These characters include George Baxter's client Harvey Griffin (Howard Smith), Rosie, another live-in maid in the neighborhood (Maud Prickett), and postman Barney Hatfield (Robert Williams). Other characters include Hazel's taxi-driving boyfriend Mitch (Dub Taylor), George Baxter's snobby sister Deirdre Thompson (Cathy Lewis), and the Baxter's mixed-up neighbors Herbert and Harriet Johnson (Donald Foster and Norma Varden).

The series is set in a white, upper middle class household. Typical episodes are about Hazel's day-to-day life and work. She might put together a special dinner, or make a home for a stray dog. In one episode, she gets her boss to buy a color television set for her bedroom. Sometimes she comes into conflict with "Mr. B". She gets her way by giving him tiny portions of her delicious desserts.

In the last year, "Mr. B" is sent to the Middle East on a job assignment. Hazel and Harold move in with his brother Steve (played by Ray Fulmer) and his wife Barbara (Lynn Borden) and their daughter Susie (Julia Benjamin). This arrangement lasted for only a year before the series was cancelled. Booth was ill. She did not want to continue to work. Booth won two Emmy Awards for her performance as Hazel (1962 and 1963). She was nominated for a third in 1964.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Shirley Booth Hazel 1962.JPG
- **caption**: Shirley Booth as Hazel Burke in 1962
- **genre**: Sitcom
- **creator**: Based on a comic strip by Ted Key
- **director**: E.W. Swackhamer
William D. Russell
- **starring**: Shirley Booth
Don DeFore (1961-1965)
Whitney Blake (1961-1965)
Bobby Buntrock
Ray Fulmer (1965-1966)
Lynn Borden (1965-1966)
Julia Benjamin (1965-1966)
- **theme music composer**: Jimmy Van Heusen (music)
Sammy Cahn (lyrics)
- **opentheme**: "Hazel"
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 5
- **num episodes**: 154
- **list episodes**: List of Hazel (TV series) episodes
- **camera**: Single-camera setup, Single-camera
- **runtime**: 26 minutes
- **company**: Screen Gems
- **channel**: NBC (1961-65)
CBS (1965-66)
Syndication (1967-present)
2 Broke Girls

***2 Broke Girls*** is an American television sitcom on CBS. It began on September 19, 2011 and ended on April 17, 2017. It is set in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York City. It is about two waitresses in their twenties who work together at a diner. Kat Dennings plays Max Black, who is from a poor, underclass background. Beth Behrs plays Caroline Wesbox Channing, who until recently was rich.

Garrett Morris plays Earl, the cashier at the diner. He is an elderly African-American former jazz musician. Jonathan Kite plays Oleg, the diner's cook, a hypersexual Ukrainian who lacks social skills. Matthew Moy plays Han Lee, the diner's owner, a very short Korean. Jennifer Coolidge plays Sophie, Max and Caroline's histrionic Polish neighbor. The show was created by comedian Whitney Cummings.

## Other websites

- Official website
Dennis the Menace (TV series)

***Dennis the Menace*** is an American sitcom television series. It is based on the comic strip _Dennis the Menace_ by Hank Ketcham. The four-season series aired from 1959 to 1963 on CBS. The show stars Jay North as Dennis Mitchell, Herbert Anderson as his father Henry, Gloria Henry as his mother Alice, Billy Booth as his friend Tommy Anderson, and Jeannie Russell as his friend Margaret Wade. Dennis wore the same costume in every episode: a striped tee-shirt, a pair of bib overalls with a slingshot in the back pocket, a pair of sneakers, and an enormous blond cowlick. Viewers complained about the slingshot and it was eventually removed. The bizarre costume put Dennis outside the realistic _mise en scene_ of the show, making it difficult to "relate" to him in spite of North's brilliant performance. Margaret had the same problem with her ringlets, eyeglasses, and ever-present patent leather shoes. These clothes were not the sort of things kids were wearing during the shows years on the air.

Margaret wanted to marry Dennis. This was a running gag in both the comic strip and the television show. She pushed a baby carriage through the neighborhood. "Playing house" was something she pressured Dennis to do. When Dennis needed a penny or two, she gave it to him but only after he promised to play house with her. If he turned her down, she would hit him with one of the rag dolls in the baby carriage and prance on her way.

Other players in the show are Joseph Kearns as Dennis's neighbor George Wilson, Sylvia Field as George's wife Martha, and Gale Gordon as Mr. Wilson's brother John. George Wilson was a retired fussy sort of man who gardened, collected coins, did household fixit jobs, and watched birds. Many episodes were about Dennis making a mess of Mr. Wilson's hobbies. Dennis's comic strip dog Ruff was cut from the TV story, but Mr. Wilson was given a little dog named Fremont. Maud Prickett, Irene Tedrow, Dub Taylor, Mary Wickes, and other familiar 1950s TV faces showed up often as minor characters. Ron Howard appeared in several episodes as Dennnis' friend Stewart while also playing Opie Taylor on _The Andy Griffith Show_.

_Dennis the Menace_ is about a happy little (but trouble-prone) middle class boy named Dennis Mitchell. He would like to be helpful but his attempts always end in disasters. He bothers a lot of people, but mostly his neighbor George Wilson. Actor Joseph Kearns played George Wilson but died while the show was in production. Gale Gordon joined the show as John Wilson, George's brother. Viewers were told that George and his TV wife Martha were taking a long journey and that George's brother John would be living in and taking care of their house. The show ended in 1963 when North became too old (11 years) to play the part of Dennis.
The Huckleberry Hound Show

***The Huckleberry Hound Show*** is a 30-minute animated television series. It had four seasons and was first aired between March 29, 1958 and December 24, 1962. It is the work of Joseph Barbera and William Hanna. In 1960, _The Huckleberry Hound Show_ became the first animated television series to win an Emmy Award.

Each episode has three 7-minute cartoons. The first cartoon stars Huckleberry Hound; the second stars Yogi Bear and his friend Boo Boo Bear, and the third stars Pixie and Dixie and Mr. Jinks. Yogi Bear was the most loved character of the show. He was given his own series in 1960. Hokey Wolf took Yogi's place in the series.

Daws Butler was the voice actor who played Huckleberry Hound, Yogi Bear, Pixie, Mr. Jinks, and Hokey Wolf. Don Messick gave voice to Huckle Blue-Chan Hound, Boo Boo Bear, Ranger Smith, Ding-A-Ling and Dixie.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Comedy
- **runtime**: 30 minutes
7 minutes per short
- **creator**: William Hanna
Joseph Barbera
- **writer**: Joseph Barbera
Warren Foster
Dan Gordon (animator), Dan Gordon
Michael Maltese
Charles Shows
- **presenter**: Huckleberry Hound
- **voices**: Daws Butler
Don Messick
Doug Young (voice actor), Doug Young
 Hal Smith (actor), Hal Smith
- **narrated**: Don Messick
- **starring**: Huckleberry Hound
Pixie & Dixie and Mr. Jinks
Yogi Bear
Hokey Wolf
- **composer**: Hoyt Curtin
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 4
- **producer**: William Hanna
Joseph Barbera
- **channel**: Broadcast syndication, First-run syndication
Boomerang (TV channel), Boomerang
- **company**: Hanna-Barbera Productions
- **related**: _Yogi Bear_
_Pixie and Dixie and Mr. Jinks_
_Hokey Wolf_
- **based on**: The Huckleberry Hound theatrical series