April 13

### Up to 1900

- 1111 – Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned.
- 1204 – Constantinople falls to the crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.
- 1598 – Henry V of France issues the Edict of Nantes, allowing religious freedom for Huguenots. The edict is repealed in 1685.
- 1742 – George Frideric Handel's oratorio Messiah has its world premiere in Dublin, Ireland.
- 1749 – A cyclone off Southeast India sinks British ships HMS _Pembroke_ and HMS _Namur_, killing 850 people. Only 14 survive.
- 1777 – American Revolutionary War; American forces are ambushed and defeated  in the Battle of Bound Brook, New Jersey.
- 1796 – The first elephant ever seen in the United States arrives from India.
- 1829 – Roman Catholics in the United Kingdom are granted the right to vote and are allowed to sit in parliament.
- 1849 – Hungary becomes a Republic.
- 1861 – American Civil War: Fort Sumter, South Carolina, surrenders to Confederate forces.
- 1868 – The Abyssynian War ends as British and Indian troops capture Maqdala.
- 1870 – New York City's Metropolitan Museum of Art is founded.
- 1873 – The Colfax Massacre, in which over 60 African Americans are murdered, takes place in Colfax, Louisiana.

### 1901 – 2000

- 1904 – The Russian battleship _Petropavlovsk_ of the Russian Pacific Fleet hits a Japanese mine and sinks. The painter Vasily Vereshchagin is among those who are killed in the incident.
- 1909 – The Turkish military reverses the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 to force the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
- 1919 – Establishment of the Provisional Government of Korea.
- 1919 – Jallianwala Bagh massacre: British troops gun down at least 379 unarmed demonstrators in Amritsar, India. 1,200 are injured.
- 1934 – While still under construction, the railway bridge in Saratov, Russia, collapses, killing 150 people.
- 1941 – The USSR and Japan sign a pact of neutrality.
- 1943 – The Thomas Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, DC.
- 1943 – World War II: The discovery of mass graves of Polish prisoners of war killed by Soviet forces in the Katyn massacre is announced. This causes a rift between the Polish Government–in–exile (based in London) and the Soviet Union, which denies responsibility.
- 1944 – The USSR and New Zealand establish diplomatic relations.
- 1945 – World War II: German troops kill over 1,000 political and military prisoners in Gardelegen, Germany.
- 1945 – World War II: Soviet and Bulgarian forces capture Vienna.
- 1948 – Hadassah medical convoy massacre: In an ambush, 79 Jewish doctors, nurses and medical students from Hadassah Hospital and a British soldier are massacred by Arabs in Sheikh Jarra near Jerusalem.
- 1960 – The US launches Transit 1–B, the world's first satellite navigation system.
- 1964 – Sidney Poitier becomes the first African American to win a Best Actor Oscar.
- 1970 – _Houston, we've had a problem_: An oxygen tank aboard Apollo 13 explodes, causing major damage, and putting the crew at risk. They safely return to Earth.
- 1972 – The Universal Postal Union decides to recognize the People's Republic of China instead of the Republic of China.
- 1975 – At least 17 people are killed in a gun battle between Palestinian Guerrillas and Christian militants in Beirut.
- 1984 – India annexes territory beyond the Line of Control.
- 1986 – Pope John Paul II becomes the first Pope to visit a Jewish place of worship when he visits a synagogue in Rome.
- 1987 – Portugal agrees to return Macau to China's control in 1999.
- 1992 – In the United Kingdom, the leader of the Labour Party, Neil Kinnock, announces his resignation.
- 1992 – Chicago is flooded.
- 1997 – Tiger Woods becomes the youngest golfer to win the US Masters tournament.

### From 2001

- 2002 – Armenian anti–government protests are violently crushed.
- 2003 – The National Library in Baghdad is set on fire, with many historical documents being lost.
- 2013 – Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum is officially re–opened after a decade–long restoration.
- 2014 – A bus crash in Veracruz, Mexico, kills 36 people.
- 2017 – The United States drops its biggest–ever non–nuclear bomb in eastern Afghanistan.

### Up to 1900

- 1506 – Peter Faber, French theologian (d. 1546)
- 1519 – Catherine of Medici, Queen of France (d. 1589)
- 1570 – Guy Fawkes, English conspirator (d. 1606)
- 1573 – Christina of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1625)
- 1593 – Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Stratford, English politician (d. 1641)
- 1732 – Frederick North, Lord North, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1792)
- 1735 – Isaac Low, American merchant and politician (d. 1791)
- 1743 – Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President of the United States (d. 1826)
- 1747 – Louis II, Duke of Orléans (d. 1793)
- 1771 – Richard Trevithick, Cornish engineer (d. 1833)
- 1780 – Alexander Mitchell, Irish engineer (d. 1868)
- 1784 – Friedrich Graf von Wrangel, Prussian field marshal (d. 1877)
- 1802 – Leopold Fitzinger, Austrian zoologist (d. 1884)
- 1808 – Antonio Meucci, Italian inventor (d. 1889)
- 1816 – Sterndale Bennett, English composer, pianist and conductor (d. 1875)
- 1825 – Thomas D'Arcy McGee, Canadian journalist and politician (d. 1868)
- 1832 – Juan Montalvo, Ecuadorean writer (d. 1889)
- 1850 – Arthur Matthew Weld Downing, Irish astronomer (d. 1917)
- 1852 – Frank Winfield Woolworth, American businessman (d. 1919)
- 1860 – James Ensor, Belgian painter (d. 1949)
- 1864 – Bertha Zuckerkandl, Austrian writer and journalist (d. 1945)
- 1866 – Butch Cassidy, American outlaw (d. 1908)
- 1872 – Jan Szczepanik, Polish chemist and inventor (d. 1926)
- 1872 – John Cameron, Scottish footballer (d. 1935)
- 1873 – John W. Davis, American politician (d. 1955)
- 1875 – Ray Lyman Wilbur, American doctor, academic and politician (d. 1949)
- 1885 – Georg Lukacs, Hungarian philosopher and critic (d. 1971)
- 1890 – Frank Murphy, 56th United States Attorney General (d. 1949)
- 1891 – Nella Larsen, American writer (d. 1964)
- 1891 – Robert Scholl, German politician (d. 1973)
- 1892 – Robert Watson-Watt, Scottish inventor (d. 1973)
- 1894 – Arthur Fadden, 13th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1973)
- 1897 – Werner Voss, German pilot (d. 1917)
- 1899 – Alfred Mosher Butts, American architect and inventor of Scrabble (d. 1993)
- 1899 – Alfred Schütz, Austrian philosopher (d. 1959)
- 1900 – Pierre Molinier, French painter and photographer (d. 1976)

### 1901 – 1950

- 1906 – Samuel Beckett, Irish playwright (d. 1989)
- 1906 – Gabriel Ramanantsoa, President of Madagascar (d. 1979)
- 1907 – Harold Stassen, American politician, 25th Governor of Minnesota (d. 2001)
- 1909 – Stanislaw Ulam, Ukrainian–American mathematician (d. 1984)
- 1911 – Ico Hitrec, Croatian footballer (d. 1946)
- 1917 – Bill Clements, American politician, 42nd Governor of Texas (d. 2011)
- 1919 – Madalyn Murray O'Hair, American activist, founder of American Atheists (d. 1995)
- 1919 – Howard Keel, American actor (d. 2004)
- 1920 – Roberto Calvi, Italian banker (d. 1982)
- 1920 – Liam Cosgrave, Irish Taoiseach (d. 2017)
- 1920 – Claude Cheysson, French politician (d. 2012)
- 1921 – Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, Dutch–Swiss businessman (d. 2002)
- 1921 – Dona Ivone Lara, Brazilian singer and composer (d. 2018)
- 1922 – John Braine, English novelist (d. 1986)
- 1922 – Julius Nyerere, 1st President of Tanzania (d. 1999)
- 1923 – Don Adams, American actor (d. 2005)
- 1924 – Stanley Donen, American director and choreographer (d. 2019)
- 1925 – Michael Halliday, English–Australian linguist (d. 2018)
- 1926 – John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough, English aristocrat and businessman (d. 2014)
- 1927 – Maurice Ronet, French actor and director (d. 1983)
- 1928 – Alan Clark, English politician (d. 1999)
- 1929 – Marilynn Smith, American golfer (d. 2019)
- 1930 – Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian director, screenwriter and politician (d. 2013)
- 1931 – Robert Enrico, French director and screenwriter (d. 2001)
- 1931 – Jon Stone, American screenwriter and producer (d. 1997)
- 1932 – Orlando Letelier, Chilean–American economist, politician and educator (d. 1976)
- 1934 – John Muckler, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and manager
- 1937 – Berge Furre, Norwegian politician, historian and theologian (d. 2016)
- 1939 – Seamus Heaney, Irish writer (d. 2013)
- 1939 – Paul Sorvino, American actor
- 1940 – J. M. G. Le Clézio, French writer
- 1940 – Max Mosley, English racing executive
- 1940 – Jim McNab, Scottish footballer (d. 2006)
- 1941 – Michael Stuart Brown, American geneticist
- 1941 – Margaret Price, Welsh soprano (d. 2011)
- 1942 – Bill Conti, American composer and conductor
- 1946 – Al Green, American singer
- 1948 – Juan Taverna, Argentine footballer (d. 2014)
- 1949 – Christopher Hitchens, British journalist, writer and critic (d. 2011)
- 1950 – Ron Perlman, American actor

### 1951 – 1975

- 1951 – Peter Davison, British actor
- 1951 – Joachim Streich, East German footballer
- 1951 – Kaci Kullmann Five, Norwegian politician (d. 2017)
- 1951 – Max Weinberg, American drummer
- 1951 – Peabo Bryson, American singer
- 1953 – Stephen Byers, British politician
- 1953 – Brigitte Macron, French teacher, wife of Emmanuel Macron
- 1955 – Ole von Beust, German politician, former Mayor of Hamburg
- 1960 – Rudi Völler, German footballer
- 1962 – Edivaldo Martins Fonseca, Brazilian footballer (d. 1993)
- 1962 – Hillel Slovak, Israeli–born guitarist (d. 1988)
- 1963 – Garry Kasparov, Russian chess player
- 1964 – Caroline Rhea, Canadian actress
- 1964 – Andy Goram, Scottish footballer
- 1964 – John Swinney, Scottish politician
- 1964 – Davis Love III, American golfer
- 1966 – Ali Boumnijel, Tunisian footballer
- 1968 – Margrethe Vestager, Danish politician
- 1970 – Rick Schroder, American actor and director
- 1972 – Mariusz Czerkawski, Polish ice hockey player
- 1974 – David Zdrilic, Australian footballer
- 1974 – Marta Jandova, Czech singer

### From 1976

- 1976 – Valentina Cervi, Italian actress
- 1976 – Yoo Ji-tae, South Korean actor and director
- 1978 – Carles Puyol, Spanish–Catalan footballer
- 1978 – James Jordan, English dancer and choreographer
- 1979 – Meghann Shaugnessy, American tennis player
- 1979 – Tony Lundon, Irish singer-songwriter, producer and dancer (Liberty X)
- 1980 – Quentin Richardson, American basketball player
- 1980 – Jason Maguire, Irish jockey
- 1980 – Alan Melikdjanian, Latvian–American actor, director and producer
- 1981 – Gemma Doyle, Scottish politician
- 1981 – Courtney Peldon, American actress
- 1983 – Nicole Cooke, Welsh road racing cyclist
- 1983 – Schalk Burger, South African rugby player
- 1983 – Claudio Bravo, Chilean footballer
- 1983 – Heidi Anderson, American voice actress
- 1984 – Anders Lindegaard, Danish footballer
- 1985 – Anna Jennings-Edquist, Australian actress, director and producer
- 1987 – Brandon Hardesty, American actor
- 1987 – Allison Weiss, American singer-songwriter
- 1988 – Petteri Kopponen, Finnish basketball player
- 1988 – Anderson Luis de Abreu Oliveira, Brazilian footballer
- 1989 – Nastassia Mionchyk-Ivanova, Belarussian long jumper
- 1990 – Alyssa Mendonsa, Indian singer
- 1991 – Kim Yu-jin, South Korean taekwondo practitioner
- 1992 – George North, Welsh rugby player
- 1993 – Hannah Marks, American actress

### Up to 1900

- 548 – Ly Nam De, Emperor of Vietnam (b. 503)
- 814 – Krum, Bulgarian ruler
- 1093 – Prince Vsevolod of Kiev (b. 1030)
- 1138 – Simon I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1076)
- 1592 – Bartolomeo Ammannati, Italian architect and sculptor (b. 1511)
- 1605 – Tsar Boris Godunov of Russia (b. 1551)
- 1794 – Nicolas Chamfort, French playwright (b. 1741)
- 1853 – Leopold Gmelin, German chemist (b. 1788)
- 1853 – James Iredell, Jr., American politician, 23rd Governor of North Carolina (b. 1788)
- 1868 – Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1818)
- 1880 – Robert Fortune, Scottish botanist (b. 1813)
- 1882 – Bruno Bauer, German historian and philosopher (b. 1809)

### 1901 – 2000

- 1904 – Vasily Vereshchagin, Russian painter (b. 1842)
- 1904 – Stepan Makarov, Russian naval commander (b. 1849)
- 1911 – John McLane, Scottish–American politician, 50th Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1852)
- 1911 – George Washington Glick, American politician, 9th Governor of Kansas (b. 1827)
- 1912 – Ishikawa Takuboku, Japanese writer (b. 1886)
- 1918 – Lavr Georgevich Kornilov, Russian general (b. 1870)
- 1927 – Georg Voigt, German politician (b. 1866)
- 1936 – Konstantinos Demertzis, 129th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1876)
- 1938 – Grey Owl, English–Canadian conservationist (b. 1888)
- 1941 – Annie Jump Cannon, American astronomer (b. 1863)
- 1942 – Anton Uesson, Estonian engineer and politician (b. 1879)
- 1945 – Ernst Cassirer, German philosopher (b. 1874)
- 1954 – Samuel Jones, American high jumper (b. 1880)
- 1954 – Angus Lewis Macdonald, Canadian politician, 12th Premier of Nova Scotia (b. 1890)
- 1956 – Emil Nolde, German painter (b. 1867)
- 1962 – Culbert Olson, American politician, 29th Governor of California (b. 1876)
- 1966 – Georges Duhamel, French writer (b. 1884)
- 1966 – Abdul Salam Arif, 2nd President of Iraq (b. 1921)
- 1972 – Johannes Sveinsson Kjarval, Icelandic painter (b. 1885)
- 1975 – Larry Parks, American actor (b. 1914)
- 1975 – François Tombalbaye, 1st President of Chad (b. 1918)
- 1981 – Prince Asaka Yasuhiko of Japan (b. 1887)
- 1984 – Richard Hurndall, British actor (b. 1910)
- 1999 – Ortvin Sarapu, New Zealand chess player (b. 1924)
- 1999 – Willi Stoph, East German politician (b. 1914)
- 2000 – Giorgio Bassani, Italian writer (b. 1916)

### From 2001

- 2002 – Desmond Titterington, Northern Irish racing driver (b. 1928)
- 2004 – Caron Keating, English–Irish television host (b. 1962)
- 2006 – Muriel Spark, Scottish writer (b. 1918)
- 2008 – Mark Speight, English children's television presenter (b. 1965) (body found on this date)
- 2008 – John Archibald Wheeler, American theoretical physicist (b. 1911)
- 2011 – Buster Martin, French–British marathon runner (b. 1906 or 1913)
- 2013 – Lin Yang-kang, Chinese–Taiwanese politician (b. 1927)
- 2014 – Ernesto Laclau, Argentine political theorist (b. 1935)
- 2014 – Peter Drummond-Murray of Mastrick, Scottish herald and banker (b. 1929)
- 2015 – Ronnie Carroll, Northern Irish singer and politician (b. 1934)
- 2015 – Thelma Coyne Long, Australian tennis player (b. 1918)
- 2015 – Herb Trimpe, American comic book artist (b. 1939)
- 2015 – Eduardo Galeano, Uruguayan journalist, novelist and writer (b. 1940)
- 2015 – Günter Grass, German novelist (b. 1927)
- 2015 – Orma Slack, Canadian supercentenarian (b. 1903)
- 2016 – Mariano Mores, Argentine tango composer and pianist (b. 1918)
- 2016 – Manouchehr Sotodeh, Iranian geographer (b. 1913)
- 2016 – Gareth Thomas, Welsh actor (b. 1945)
- 2016 – Ray Thornton, American attorney and politician (b. 1928)
- 2016 – Nera White, American basketball player (b. 1935)
- 2017 – Fred Goldsmith, Australian football player (b. 1932)
- 2017 – David Mwiraria, Kenyan politician (b. 1938)
- 2017 – Dan Rooney, American football executive and diplomat (b. 1932)
- 2017 – K. S. Chandrasekharan, Indian–Swiss mathematician (b. 1920)
- 2018 – Art Bell, American writer and radio host (b. 1945)
- 2018 – Joy Laville, English–Mexican sculptor, painter and potter (b. 1923)
- 2018 – Milos Forman, Czech–American film director and screenwriter (b. 1932)
- 2019 – Francisca Aguirre, Spanish poet (b. 1930)
- 2019 – Tony Buzan, English writer (b. 1942)
- 2019 – Neus Catala, Spanish Resistance fighter and Holocaust survivor (b. 1915)
- 2019 – Paul Greengard, American neuroscientist (b. 1925)
- 2019 – Norio Kaifu, Japanese astronomer (b. 1943)
- 2019 – D. Babu Paul, Indian civil servant (b. 1941)
- 2019 – Paul Raymond, English musician (b. 1945)
- 2019 – S. K. Shivakumar, Indian rocket scientist (b. 1953)
- 2019 – Lydia Wideman, Finnish cross–country skier (b. 1920)
- 2019 – Yvette Williams, New Zealand athlete (b. 1929)

## Observances

- Songkan (Laos)
- Songkran (Thailand)
- Cambodian New Year
- Thomas Jefferson's birthday (United States)