juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sumgait

**Sumgayit** (also, **Sumgait** and **Sumqayyt**) is one of the largest cities in Azerbaijan.  It is near the Caspian Sea and about 31 kilometres away from the capital, Baku. There were 308,700 people in 2009. It was started on November 22, 1949. It is home to Sumqayit State University.

Sumgayit City F.C. plays in the Azerbaijan Premier League.

## Notable people from Sumgayit

- Ilham Zakiyev,  judoka, twice Paralympic, twice World & four times European Champion.
- Rafael Aghayev, karate
- Shahin Imranov, boxer, Beijing Olympic Games 2008 bronze medalist
- Shakhriyar Mamedyarov, chess player
- Zeinab Mamedyarova, chess player
- Mehman Huseynzade, football player

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Sumgait
- **native name**: Sumqayıt
- **settlement type**: City & Municipality
- **image seal**: Sumqayit.png
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, City
- **subdivision name1**: Sumgait
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Eldar Azizov
- **area total km2**: 83
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 312000
- **population density km2**: 3900
- **timezone**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset**: +4
- **timezone dst**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset dst**: +5
Aghjabadi District

**Aghjabadi District** () is a raion in central Azerbaijan. The capital is Aghjabadi. Aghjabadi District was started in 1930. In 1963 it was ended and connected to Agdam District. In 1965, it became separate again. There are 46 settlements and 1 town in the district. There were 122,649 people in 2010.

## Notable people

- Uzeyir Hajibeyov – composer
- Afrasiyab Badalbeyli – composer and conductor
- Shamsi Badalbeyli – composer
- Tofik Bahramov – football referee
- Zulfu Adigozalov – khananda
- Vasif Adigozalov – composer
- Isi Malikzade – writer
- Sabir Novruzov – mugam singer

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Aghjabadi District
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **image map**: Aghjabadi District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Aghjabadi District
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **established date**: 8 August 1930
- **established title**: Established
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 122,649
- **area total km2**: 1,760
- **population density km2**: auto
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 113
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 0400
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Aghjabadi
Agdash District

**Agdash District** () is a raion in central Azerbaijan. Agdash District has Leki settlement and 72 villages. This raion has a good economic and geographic location. Turyan River and Kura River go through the raion. This area is surrounded by Tugay forests along Kura river bank, and Turyanchay State Preservation to the north.

Agdash city was started in 16th century.  It is the capital.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Agdash District
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **image map**: Agdash District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Agdash District
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 2007
- **population total**: 93,100
- **area total km2**: 1,050
- **population density km2**: auto
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 193
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 0300
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Agdash
Barda District

**Barda** (Bərdə) is a raion of Azerbaijan.  The capital city is Barda. There are 109 villages.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bərdə
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **image map**: Barda District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Barda Raion
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 1999 census
- **population total**: 129,600
- **area total km2**: 960
- **population density km2**: auto
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 110
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 0900
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Bərdə, Azerbaijan, Barda
Beylagan District

**Beylagan** (Beyləqan) is a raion of Azerbaijan.  The capital city is Beylagan.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Beylagan
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **image map**: Beylagan District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Beylagan Raion
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population total**: 81,700
- **area total km2**: 113.1
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 1200
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Beylagan (city), Beylagan
Bilasuvar District

**Bilasuvar** (Biləsuvar) is a raion of Azerbaijan. The name in Turkic means _pure water falls_.  There are many rivers in this area.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Biləsuvar
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **image skyline**: Bilasuvar rayon.jpg
- **image caption**: Road sign at the entrance to Bilasuvar Raion
- **image map**: Bilasuvar District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Bilasuvar Raion
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 90300
- **area total km2**: 1397
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 0159
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 1300
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Biləsuvar
Goychay District

**Goychay** (Göyçay) is a raion of Azerbaijan.  It is in the central part of the county, in the Shirvan valley. The capital is Goychay. There is one city and 55 villages. The region is famous for its pomegranate growing industry.

It is at the foot of Greater Caucasus mountain range.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Goychay
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **image map**: Goychay District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Goychay Raion
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 1 January 2011
- **population total**: 111,400
- **area total km2**: 736
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 2300
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Goychay (city), Goychay
- **website**: [http://www.goychay.az/index.php?lang=az www.goychay.az]
Hajigabul District

**Hajigabul** (Hacıqabul) is a raion of Azerbaijan.  There are 31 populated areas. The Pirsaat River and valley is in this raion.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Hacıqabul Raion
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **image map**: Hajigabul District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Hajigabul Raion
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 1999
- **population total**: 57,944
- **area total km2**: 1,640
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 0140
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: AZ2400
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Qazıməmməd (Hacıqabul city)
Imishli District

**Imishli** (İmişli) is a rayon (district) of Azerbaijan.  Imishli and Sabirabad Rayon share the largest lake of Azerbaijan, Lake Sarysu.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: İmişli Rayon
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Rayon
- **image map**: Imishli District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Imishli Rayon
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 1999
- **population total**: 104,026
- **area total km2**: 1,820
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 0154
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: AZ3000
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Imishli (city), İmişli
Kurdamir District

**Kurdamir** (also **Kürdəmir**) is a district (raion) in Azerbaijan. The capital of the district is Kürdəmir.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kurdamir
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **image map**: Kurdamir District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Kurdamir Raion
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 106128
- **population density km2**: auto
- **area total km2**: 1631
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 0145
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Kürdəmir
Mingachevir

**Mingachevir**, sometimes spelled **Mingecevir**, is the fourth-biggest city in Azerbaijan.  There are about 100,000 people. It is known as the "city of lights" because of its hydroelectric power station on the Kur River.

Mingechevir is home to Mingechevir Polytechnic Institute.

## Notable natives

- Dilgam Nagiyev — National Hero of Azerbaijan.
- Eugene Rindin — Hero of Russia.
- Ruslan Muradov — National Hero of Azerbaijan.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Mingəçevir
- **seal size**: 80px
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, City
- **subdivision name1**: Mingachevir
- **population as of**: 2008
- **population total**: 99775
- **timezone**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset**: +4
- **timezone dst**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset dst**: +5
Neftchala District

**Neftchala** (Neftçala) is a raion in Azerbaijan.  It is on the shores of the Caspian Sea. Its name is Persian _Naft-Chala_ and means oil trench.

## Famous people from Neftchala

- Tabriz Abdullayev, painter
- Khalil Rza Uluturk, writer

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Neftchala
- **image map**: Neftchala District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **settlement type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **population total**: 79600
- **population as of**: 2009
- **area total km2**: 1451
- **area code**: 153
- **postal code type**: Zip Code
- **postal code**: AZ 4700
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Neftçala
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
Saatly District

**Saatly** is a rayon in Azerbaijan.  It was started in 1943.  There are 87,000 people.
Sabirabad District

**Sabirabad** is a rayon (district) of Azerbaijan.  The capital, Sabirabad, is on the Araz and Kura rivers.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Sabirabad
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Rayon
- **image map**: Sabirabad District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Sabirabad Rayon
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 2018
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Nazim Ismailov
- **population total**: 174,813
- **population density km2**: 119
- **population blank1 title**: Population Rank in Azerbaijan
- **area total km2**: 1469,6
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: (+994) 21
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: AZ 5400
- **registration plate**: 54 AZ
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Sabirabad (city), Sabirabad
Salyan District (Azerbaijan)

**Salyan District** () is a raion of Azerbaijan. Its capital is Salyan. It is next to the Kura River. Most of the Shirvan National Park is in the raion.
Şirvan, Azerbaijan

**Shirvan** is a city in Azerbaijan.  Before 1938 it was named Zubovka.  From 1938 to 2008 it was named Ali Bayramli, Azerbaijani. It is on the Kura River.

## Notable natives

- Anatoly Kuleshov — Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus (2009).
- Enver Bariev — Minister for Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus (since 2005).
- Nofal Guliyev — National Hero of Azerbaijan.
- Rafael Habibov — National Hero of Azerbaijan.
- Shirin Shukurov — Hero of the Soviet Union.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Shirvan
- **native name**: Şirvan
- **seal size**: 80px
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **map caption**: Location of Shirvan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, City
- **subdivision name1**: Shirvan
- **established title**: 1930
- **area total km2**: 72.7
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 78,100
- **timezone**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset**: +4
- **timezone dst**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset dst**: +5
- **elevation ft**: 42
- **elevation m**: 12
- **website**: [http://www.shirvan-ih.gov.az/index.html http://www.shirvan-ih.gov.az]
Ujar District

**Ujar District** () is a raion of Azerbaijan. It is in the centre of the country. There are 32 villages and 1 city in Ucar. The largest communities are Gazyan, Mususlu and Garabork. There were about 77,900 people in 2009.The name is from the Turkic word "Ucqar" meaning "remote".
Yevlakh District

**Yevlakh District** () is a raion of Azerbaijan.  The cities of Yevlakh and Mingachevir are in the raion.
Jecheon AIDS scandal

**Jecheon AIDS scandal** or **Jecheon AIDS crime** was a well-known sex crime that happened in Jecheon, South Korea. A male taxi driver was arrested by the police on 13 March 2009 for knowingly spreading HIV/AIDS to dozens of women in Jecheon between 2003 and 2009.

The offender was Mr. Jeon, a 27-year-old taxi driver who has HIV. He had sex with many women over five to six years, despite knowing his condition. The police said that his partners included drunken taxi passengers as well as bar girls he came to know while working as a driver. Many of the women were married women, housewives, or divorcees. Jeon rarely used condoms, according to local media.

Jeon said that he had had sex with ten women, but a survey estimated the number at between 70 and 400. His mobile phone, which had been confiscated by police, contained the phone numbers of about seventy women.

## Other websites

- 2009 AIDS-infected taxi driver gets 18 months
- Arrested Taxi Driver Knowingly Spread AIDS in Korea
- AIDS Fear Spreads in Jecheon County
- S. Korea's AIDS-infected taxi driver arrested
- AIDS flag as cabbie held as sex fiend
Raven paradox

The **Raven paradox** is a paradox first presented by the German logician Carl Gustav Hempel in the 1940s.  The paradox stems from two intuitive principles for inductive reasoning: (i) logically-equivalent claims are interchangeable and (ii) particular instances confirm the corresponding universal generalization.  Hempel showed that (i) and (ii) together entail the unintuitive conclusion that claims of the form "All As are Bs" can be confirmed by observing non-A, non-B objects.

## The paradox

Saying:
- (1) All ravens are black.

is logically equivalent to saying:
- (2) If something is not black then it is not a raven.

Whenever (2) is true, (1) is too; likewise in all circumstances where (2) is false (i.e. if a world with white ravens is imagined), (1) is also false.  Accordingly, (1) and (2) can be safely interchanged with one another.

Next, a particular object which is both A and B intuitively constitutes evidence for the claim "All As are Bs".  Thus,

- (3) _Nevermore, my pet raven, is black._

is evidence supporting the hypothesis that

- (4) _All ravens are black_.

Following the same reasoning, a green apple (a non-black and non-raven object) is evidence supporting the hypothesis that all non-black things are non-ravens.

The paradox appears when these two principles are combined.  If a green apple is evidence for "all non-black things are non-ravens" and "all non-black things are non-ravens" is equivalent to "all ravens are black", then green apples are also evidence for the hypothesis that "all ravens are black"!  This conclusion is highly unintuitive despite the appeal of both starting principles.
Margin of error

The **margin of error** is a way to measure the sampling error in the results of a statistical survey. A bigger margin of error means that the results are less certain. Margins of error occur when a population is incompletely sampled. Usually, the margin of error is defined as the radius (half the width) of a confidence interval for a given sample.
Overfishing

**Overfishing** is catching too much fish. It is a type of overexploitation where fish stocks are reduced to low levels. It is a good example of what is good for the short term is not good for the long term. Also, what is good for some fishermen is not good for all of them (tragedy of the commons). The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimated in a 2018 report that 33.1% of world fish stocks are subject to overfishing.

So much fish is caught that there are too few adults of  certain species left.  With cod, for example, the greatest production of eggs is from large females. But these are caught, the average size of spawning females goes down. Eventually this gets so that the production of eggs is significantly reduced. The artificial selection of large fish has gradually reduced the size of mature females.

The Northwest Atlantic cod has been regarded as heavily overfished throughout its range, resulting in a crash in the fishery in the United States and Canada during the early 1990s. Sometimes, the fishing industry can ruin itself by overfishing. The collapse of the herring industry in Monterey, California is a good example.

Consumers can get information about the conservation status of the seafood available to them.

## Examples of overfishing

Examples of overfishing can be found in places like the North Sea, the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and the East China Sea.

- Tuna has been caught by people in the upper Adriatic for many years. Increasing fishing has stopped the large schools of little tuna fish from migrating into the Gulf of Trieste. The last major tuna catch was made in 1954.
- The anchovy fisheries in Peru crashed in the 1970s after overfishing and an El Niño season reduced the number of anchovies from its waters.
- The fish in the Irish Sea, the west English Channel, and other places have become overfished so much that it has almost collapsed.
- Blue walleye became extinct in the Great Lakes in the 1980s. The number of blue walleyes collapsed, because of a combination of overfishing, eutrophication, and competition with introduced rainbow smelt.
- Sharks and rays: The global amount of sharks and rays has reduced by 71% since 1970. Because of this made sharks and Ray's are almost extinct.

## Preventive measures

There are many ways that have been suggested to stop overfishing. They are:
- Governments from around the world should make and enforce laws that prevents overfishing
- Subsidies should be removed from deep sea fishries to discourage deep sea fishing
- Aquaculture should be encouraged because it is sustainable
- Better fishing techniques like using different gear types depending on the type of fish and habitat.
- Avoiding fishing in places where fish lay eggs may allow fish stocks to grow by giving adults a chance to reproduce.
- People should be taught about the dangers of overfishing.

## Related pages

- Over-harvesting
School holiday

**School holidays** are the periods when schools close for a break. The dates and length of school holidays are very different throughout the world. Governments often pass laws on the total number of school days for public schools. Private schools usually decide their own holidays.

### Christmas Holidays

In all Christan countries and some countries with different religions there are holidays called Christmas Holidays where people don't have to go to school and they can spend time with their families. Usually in the Northern Hemisphere Christmas holidays last for about 2 weeks. But in the Southern Hemisphere, it is summer holidays so the Christmas Holidays usually last from about 6-14 weeks depending on the country.

### Easter Holidays

Christan countries also celebrate the Easter holidays which can last for about a week or two weeks. In the Northern Hemisphere this is also known as Spring break because it is Spring during Easter in the Northern Hemisphere while in the Southern Hemisphere these are just known as the Easter holidays because it is Autunm over there.

### Summer Vacation

In places like America, summer vacation usually lasts from June until September (14 weeks) while in other places like England, summer vacation (or known as summer holidays over there) last for about 6 weeks from late July until the begining of September because they have a 2 week holiday for Christmas and a 2 week holiday for Easter and several 1 week holidays. In places like Australia, because they're in the Southern Hemisphere, they have their holidays for about 6 weeks like England but have their holidays from about mid December to late January because they have the two-week holidays like England and, an extra two-week holidays in October without having the extra one-week holidays.
Yevlakh

**Yevlakh** is a small city in Azerbaijan.  It is  west of capital Baku. It is in the Yevlakh Rayon but is separate. The name is from an Old Turkic word meaning 'swampy place.' It was the birthplace of Pavel Florensky.

## References

- World Gazetteer: Azerbaijan – World-Gazetteer.com

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Yevlax
- **image shield**: Yevlax.png
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, City
- **subdivision name1**: Yevlakh (city)
- **population as of**: 2008
- **population total**: 56726
- **timezone**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset**: +4
- **timezone dst**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset dst**: +5
Zardab District

**Zardab** (Zərdab) is a raion in Azerbaijan.  It is in central Azerbaijan. The capital is Zardab.

## Notable people

- Hasan bey Zardabi, Azerbaijani publicist

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Zardab
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **image map**: Zardab District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Zardab raion
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 2008
- **population total**: 51,800
- **area total km2**: 860
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Zardab (city), Zərdab
Agsu District

**Agsu** (Ağsu) is a raion in central Azerbaijan.  The name is from “Agsuchay",a river that goes through the raion.  There is one city (Agsu city) and 78 villages.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ağsu
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Rayon
- **image map**: Agsu District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Agsu Rayon
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 2007
- **population total**: 65,900
- **area total km2**: 1,020
- **population density km2**: auto
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Agsu (city), Ağsu
- **website**: [http://agsu-ih.gov.az/index.php?lang=3&id=59 agsu-ih.gov.az]
Gobustan District

**Gobustan** is a raion of Azerbaijan. There are 37,137 people. The capital is Qobustan.  It was called Maraza until 2009.  It is about 50 miles west of Baku.

## Other websites

- Official District Website
Ismayilli District

**Ismayilli District** () is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north of the country and belongs to the Mountainous Shirvan Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Qabala, Quba, Goychay, Kurdamir, Agsu, and Shamakhi. Its capital and largest city is Ismayilli. As of 2020, the district had a population of 87,400. It is believed that this district was named after a highly respected elder and philanthropist in the community, Ismayil Baghiyev.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ismayilli District
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, District
- **image map**: Ismayilli District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Ismayilli District
- **parts type**: Settlements
- **parts**: 108
- **established title**: Established
- **established date**: 21 November 1939
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan#Economic regions, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Mountainous Shirvan Economic Region, Mountainous Shirvan
- **area total km2**: 2070
- **population as of**: Census in Azerbaijan, 2020
- **population total**: 87400
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset**: +4
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 3100
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: İsmayıllı, Ismayilli
Shamakhi District

**Shamakhi** or **Shamakhy** is a raion of Azerbaijan.  It is the historical center of the region of Shirvan.

## Famous people

- Falaki Shirvani,poet, (1107 Shamakhi - 1157 Shamakhi)
- Khagani Shirvani, poet, (1121/1122 Shamakhi) - 1190 Tabriz
- Imadaddin Nasimi, poet, (1369 Shamakhi) –1417 skinned alive in Aleppo)
- Seyid Azim Shirvani, poet, (10 July 1835 - 1 Iyun 1888)
- Muhammed hadi,  poet,  (1879 Shamakhi - 1920 Ganja)
- Abbas Sahhat, poet, (1874, Shamakhi – 11 July 1918, Ganja)
- Ziver bey Ahmedbeyov, architect, (1873 Shamakhi - 1925 Bakı)
- Zeynalabdin Shirvani, geographer, historian, ethnographer, philosopher and poet,(16 August 1780, Shamakhy — 1838, near Jeddah),
- Sultan Mejid Qanizade, enlighter, teacher, writer
- Mirza Alakbar Sabir, poet, (30 May 1862, Shamakhy – 12 July 1911, Shamakhy).
Aghstafa District

**Aghstafa** is a raion in the northwestern Azerbaijan. There are 36 villages in the raion.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ağstafa
- **settlement type**: City & Municipality
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **subdivision name1**: Ağstafa Raion, Ağstafa
- **established title**: Ağstafa
- **established date**: 1939
- **area total km2**: 1503.7
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 80,500
- **population density km2**: 53.53
- **timezone**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset**: +4
- **timezone dst**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset dst**: +5
Dashkasan District

**Dashkasan** is a raion of Azerbaijan. The district was called **Dastafur** until 1956.

The district is in northwestern Azerbaijan.  It is 33–41 km away from Ganja.  The capital of the raion is Dashkasan city.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Dashkasan
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **image map**: Dashkasan District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 32,900
- **area total km2**: 1047
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 1600
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Daşkəsən
The Big C

***The Big C*** is an American comedy-drama television program by Darlene Hunt. It began on August 16, 2010 and is shown on Showtime. It ended on May 20, 2013. The show is set in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It stars Laura Linney as Cathy Jamison, a suburban teacher who is diagnosed with melanoma. Her husband Paul Jamison is played by Oliver Platt. Their teenage son Adam Jamison is played by Gabriel Basso. Her brother Sean Tolke, who is bipolar, is played by John Benjamin Hickey.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Drama
- **creator**: Darlene Hunt
- **starring**: Laura Linney
Oliver Platt
John Benjamin Hickey
Gabriel Basso
Gabourey Sidibe
Phyllis Somerville
- **opentheme**: "Game Called Life"
by Leftover Cuties
- **composer**: Marcelo Zarvos
Jesse Voccia
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 4
- **num episodes**: 40
- **executive producer**: Darlene Hunt
Laura Linney
Jenny Bicks
Neal H. Moritz
Vivian Cannon
Mark J. Kunerth
Michael Engler
- **producer**: Cara DiPaolo
Lou Fusaro (pilot only)
Melanie Marnich
- **location**: Minneapolis, Minnesota (setting)
Stamford, Connecticut (actual filming location)
- **company**: Perkins Street Productions
Farm Kid Films
Original Film
Sony Pictures Television
Showtime Networks
- **runtime**: 36 27-minute episodes (season 1-3) and 4 1-hour episodes (season 4)
- **network**: Showtime (TV network), Showtime
We Came as Romans

**We Came as Romans** is an American metalcore band from Troy, Michigan. We Came as Romans has six members in the band; the current band members are Joshua Moore, David Stephens, Eric Choi, Brian "Lou" Cotton, Andrew Glass and Kyle Pavone. The band was originally named This Emergency but was later changed to We Came as Romans in the summer of 2006.

## Band members

- Current members
- Joshua Moore – guitar (2005–present)
- David Stephens – unclean vocals, keyboards, synthesizer, guitar, backing vocals (2008–present)
- Brian "Lou" Cotton - guitar (2006-present)
- Andrew Glass – Bass guitar (2006–present)
- David Puckett – drums (2017–present)

- Former members
- Kyle Pavone - clean vocals, keyboards, synthesizer (2008–2018)
- Chris Moore – clean vocals, keyboards, piano (2007–2008)
- Mark Myatt – lead vocals (2005)
- Larry Clark – lead vocals (2005–2008)
- Jonny Nabors – bass guitar (2005)
- Sean E. Daly – bass guitar (2005–2006)
- Sean N. Zelda - drums (2005–2006)
- Eric Choi – drums (2006–2016)

## Discography

So far as of 2015, We Came as Romans have released 4 studio albums:

### Albums

- _To Plant a Seed_ (2009)
- _Understanding What We've Grown to Be_ (2011)
- _Tracing Back Roots_ (2013)
- _We Came as Romans_ (2015)

## Other websites

- Official website
Sleeping with Sirens

**Sleeping with Sirens** is an American rock band from Orlando, Florida. The band has five members. As of 2015, they were Gabe Barham, Jack Fowler, Justin Hills, Nick Martin and Kellin Quinn. The band was formed in 2009 by the band members from For All We Know, Broadway and We Are Defiance. They released their first album, _With Ears to See and Eyes to Hear_, on March 23, 2010. It started at #7 on the Billboard's Top Heatseekers chart and at #36 on Top Independent Albums.

## Band members

- Current
- Gabe Barham – drums (2009–present)
- Jack Fowler – rhythm guitar (2011–present)
- Justin Hills – bass guitar (2009–present)
- Nick Martin - rythm guitar, backing vocals (2013–present)
- Kellin Quinn - lead vocals, keyboards, programming (2009-present)

- Former
- Jesse Lawson -  rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2010-2013)
- Brandon McMaster – lead guitar, backing vocals (2009–2010)
- Nick Trombino – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2009-2010)
- Paul Russell – bass guitar (2009)
- Dave Aguliar – rhythm guitar (2009)
- Alex Kaladjian – drums (2009)

### Studio albums

- _With Ears to See and Eyes to Hear_ (2009)
- _Let's Cheers to This_ (2011)
- _Feel_ (2013)
- _Madness_ (2015)

## Other websites

- Official blog

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Sleeping with Sirens
- **img**: Sleeping with Sirens at the Skydome.JPG
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Orlando, Florida
United States
- **genre**: Post-hardcore, pop punk, pop rock, alternative rock, metalcore, punk rock,
- **years active**: 2009–present
- **label**: Rise, Epitaph Records, Epitaph
- **associated acts**: *MKG *Pierce the Veil For All We Know
Broadway
We Are Defiance
Closer 2 Closure
Screenplay
Our Name In City Lights
The Crimson Armada
Coyote Theory
- **url**: [http://blog.sleepingwithsirens.net/ Sleeping with Sirens blog]
- **current members**: Gabe Barham
Kellin Quinn
Justin Hills
Jack Fowler
- **past members**: Brandon McMaster
Nick Trombino
Paul Russell
Dave Aguliar
Alex Kaladjian
Jesse Lawson
Tenryaku

was a  after _Tengyō_ and before _Tentoku._  This period started in April 947 and ended in October 957. The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Tenryaku_ era

- **947** (_Tenryaku 1, 9th month_): Construction began on the Kitano Shrine.
- **947** (_Tenryaku 1, 11th month_): The emperor went hunting at Uji.
- **948** (_Tenryaku 2_): There was a great drought in the summer and strong rains in the autumn.
- **29 September 948** (_Tenryaku 2, 24th day of the 8th month_): The sun and the moon were both visible in the sky at the same time.
- **949** (_Tenryaku 3, 14th day of the 8th month_): Fujiwara no Tadahira died at the age of 70.  He had been _sesshō_ for 20 years, and he was _kampaku_ for 8 years.
- **9 September 949** (_Tenryaku 3, 9th month_): Former-Emperor Yōzei died at the age of 82.
- **950** (_Tenryaku 4, 7th month_): Murakami causes a proclamation that his infant son, Norihira, will be his official heir and Crown Prince.
- **951** (_Tenryaku 5_): The pagoda at Daigo-ji is now the oldest building in Kyoto.
- **7 October 952** (_Tenryaku 6, 15th day of the 8th month_): Former-Emperor Suzaku died at the age of 30.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Tenryaku|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|8th|9th|10th|11th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||947|948|949|950|951|952|953|954|955|956|957|
Alexisonfire

**Alexisonfire** is a Canadian post-hardcore band from St. Catharines, Ontario. Alexisonfire has six members in the band; they are George Pettit, Chris Steele, Wade MacNeil, Dallas Green, Jesse Ingelevics and Jordan "Ratbeard" Hastings. The band was formed in 2001 by the band members from Condemning Salemn, Helicon Blue and Plan 9. They released their self-titled first album on September 9, 2002. Alexisonfire split up in 2011. But returned in 2022 with the album otherness, which they won a Juno for that year.

## Band members

- George Pettit – lead vocals (2001–2011)
- Dallas Green – guitar, piano, vocals (2001–2010)
- Wade MacNeil – guitar, vocals (2001–2011)
- Chris Steele – bass guitar (2001–2011)
- Jordan "Ratbeard" Hastings – drums, percussion (2005–2011)
- Jesse Ingelevics - drums, percussion (2001–2005)

## Discography

Alexisonfire released 4 studio albums:

### Albums

- _Alexisonfire_ (2002)
- _Watch Out!_ (2004)
- _Crisis_ (2006)
- _Old Crows / Young Cardinals_ (2009)
Otherness (2022)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Alexisonfire
- **img**: Alexisonfire live.JPG
- **img capt**: Alexisonfire
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: St. Catharines, Ontario
Canada
- **genre**: Post-hardcore, melodic hardcore
- **years active**: 2001–still active
- **label**: Dine Alone Records, Dine Alone, Distort Entertainment, Distort, Vagrant Records, Vagrant, Equal Vision Records
- **associated acts**: City and Colour, Black Lungs, Cunter (band), Cunter, Jersey (band), Jersey, Gallows (band), Gallows, The Welcome Matts, Lambs Become Lions, Bergenfield Four, Moneen
- **url**: [http://www.theonlybandever.com/ Alexisonfire website]
- **past members**: George Pettit
Chris Steele
Wade MacNeil
Dallas Green
Jesse Ingelevics
Jordan "Ratbeard" Hastings
Dying Fetus

**Dying Fetus** is an American death metal band from Upper Marlboro, Maryland. Dying Fetus has three members in the band; the current band members are John Gallagher, Sean Beasley and Trey Williams. The band was formed in 1991 by the band member John Gallagher and former band member Jason Netherton. They released their debut album, _Purification Through Violence_, in 1996 and shortly afterwards left Pulverizer Records. They are currently signed to Relapse Records.

## Band members

- Current
- John Gallagher - vocals, guitar (1991–present), drums (1991-1993)
- Sean Beasley - vocals, bass guitar (2001–present)
- Trey Williams - drums (2007-present)

- Former
- Jason Netherton - bass, vocals (1991-2000)
- Nick Speleos - guitar, vocals (1991-1993)
- Rob Belton - drums (1993-1996)
- Brian Latta - guitar (1994-1998)
- Casey Buckler - drums (1995-1996)
- Eric Sayenga - drums (1996-1997, 2001-2005)
- Kevin Talley - drums (1997-2001)
- John "Sparky" Voyles - guitar (1999-2001)
- Vince Matthews - vocals (2001-2005)
- Duane Timlin - drums (2006-2007)
- Mike Kimball- guitar (2003-2007)

### Albums

- _Purification Through Violence_ (1996)
- _Killing on Adrenaline_ (1998)
- _Destroy the Opposition_ (2000)
- _Stop at Nothing_ (2003)
- _War of Attrition_ (2007)
- _Descend into Depravity_ (2009)
- _Reign Supreme_ (2012)
- _Wrong One to Fuck With_ (2017)
- _Make Them Beg for Death_ (2023)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Dying Fetus
- **img**: Dyingfetus tuska2008.jpg
- **img capt**: Dying Fetus in 2008
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Greater Upper Marlboro, Maryland, Upper Marlboro, Maryland
United States
- **genre**: Death metal
- **label**: Relapse Records, Relapse
- **associated acts**: Criminal Element, Misery Index (band), Misery Index, Suffocation (band), Suffocation
- **url**: [http://www.dyingfetus.com/ Dying Fetus website]
- **current members**: John Gallagher
Sean Beasley
Trey Williams
- **past members**: Jason Netherton
Nick Speleos
Rob Belton
Brian Latta
Casey Buckler
Eric Sayenga
Kevin Talley
John "Sparky" Voyles
Vince Matthews
Duane Timlin
Mike Kimball
Tentoku

was a  after _Tenryaku_ and before _Ōwa._  This period started in October 957 and ended in February 961.  The reigning emperors was .

## Events of the _Tentoku_ era

- **957** (_Tentoku 1, 4th month_): The emperor celebrated the 50th birthday of Fujiwara Morosuke.
- **958** (_Tentoku 2, 3rd month_): Fujiwara Saneyori is honored with the privilege of traveling by cart.
- **16 October 960** (_Tentoku 4, 23rd day of the 9th month_): The Imperial palace burned down.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Tentoku|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||957|958|959|960|961|
Gadabay District

**Gadabay** is a raion of Azerbaijan.  It is known for its potatoes and its gold fields. The famous Siemens company worked here in the Tsarist era.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Gadabay
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **image map**: Gadabay District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Gadabay raion (green)
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 2010 est.
- **population total**: 94,200
- **area total km2**: 1,290
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 232
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 2100
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Gadabay (city), Gadabay
Ganja, Azerbaijan

**Ganja** is Azerbaijan's second-largest city.  There are around 313,300 people. It was named **Yelizavetpol** in the Russian Empire period. The name is from the New Persian _ganj_ which means treasure.  It was likely started in the 5th century A.D.

Ganja International Airport is the only airport in the city.

## Education

Ganja has four places for post-secondary education.
- Ganja State University
- Azerbaijan State Agricultural Academy
- Azerbaijan Technological University
- Azerbaijan Teachers Institute, Ganja Branch

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Ganja
- **native name**: Gəncə
- **image skyline**: Ganja  street.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image seal**: Ganja coa.PNG
- **seal size**: 80px
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Elmar Valiyev
- **area total km2**: 110
- **population as of**: 2009
- **population footnotes**: census data
- **population total**: 313,300
- **population density km2**: 2848
- **timezone**: Greenwich Mean Time, GMT+4
- **utc offset**: +4
- **timezone dst**: Greenwich Mean Time, GMT+5
- **utc offset dst**: +5
- **elevation m**: +408
- **website**: [http://www.ganca.net www.ganca.net]
Qazax District

**Gazakh** (also known as **Kazakh** or **Gazakh**) is a raion of Azerbaijan. It has two exclaves inside Armenia, Yukhari Askipara and Barkhudarli.  They both came under Armenian occupation during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Qazax
- **settlement type**: Raion
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **subdivision type1**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Raion
- **subdivision name1**: Gazakh
- **leader title**: executive head
- **leader name**: Ayaz Asgarov
- **area total km2**: 700
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 91,500
- **timezone**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset**: +4
- **timezone dst**: Azerbaijan Time, AZT
- **utc offset dst**: +5
- **postal code**: AZ3500
- **area code**: 2229
Goygol District

**Goygol** is a raion (district) in northwestern Azerbaijan. It used to be named **Khanlar**.  It was named "Goygol" after Lake Goygol on April 25, 2008. The capital is the city of Goygol.

There are 54,000 people. The city of Goygol is the largest town, followed by Hajimelik. Important villages are: Balchili, Gushgara, Chayli, Mollajalilli, and Topalhasanli.
Goranboy District

**Goranboy** is a raion of Azerbaijan.  Following fighting during the 1991–1992 some land in the south of the rayon is controlled by Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh. The southern half of the rayon is claimed by the self-declared Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Goranboy
- **type**: Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, Rayon
- **image map**: Goranboy District in Azerbaijan 2021.svg
- **map caption**: Map of Azerbaijan showing Goranbay rayon
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Azerbaijan
- **population as of**: 2010 est.
- **population total**: 96,500
- **area total km2**: 1,790
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 2200
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 2100
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Goranboy (city), Goranboy
Carnivoramorpha

**Carnivoramorpha** are a clade of mammals that includes the modern order Carnivora. It is basal to the Carnivora but does not include the Creodonts, which are a separate order.

## Classification & phylogeny

- Superfamily †Miacoidea
    - Family †Miacidae
        - genera: _Chailicyon_, _Eostictis_, _Miacis_, _Miocyon_, _Oodectes_, _Palaearctonyx_, _Paramiacis_, _Paroodectes_, _Prodaphaemus_, _Quercygale_, _Tapocyon_, _Uintacyon_, _Vassacyon_, _Vulpavus_, _Xinyuictis_, _Ziphacodon_
    - Family †Viverravidae
        - genera: _Bryanictis_, _Didymictis_, _Ictidopappus_, _Pristinictis_, _Protictis_, _Raphictis_, _Simpsonictis_, _Viverravus_
- Order Carnivora
    - Superfamily Caniformia or Canoidea
    - Superfamily Feliformia or Feloidea
Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines

**Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines** is a French city. It is in the western suburbs of Paris. About 146,598 people lived here in 2007.

## Education

- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
Vélizy-Villacoublay

**Vélizy-Villacoublay** is a French commune. It is in the southwestern suburbs of Paris 13.9 km (8.6 mi) from the center and 3.2 km (2.0 mi) east of Versailles. About 20,030 people lived here in 2006.

## Education

- Institut des sciences et techniques des Yvelines
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
Rambouillet

**Rambouillet** is a French commune. It is in the western suburbs of Paris 44.3 km (27.5 mi) from the center. About 26,454 people lived here in 2006.

## Education

- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
Le Chesnay

**Le Chesnay** is a former French commune. It is in the western suburbs of Paris 16.7 km (10.4 mi) from the center. About 30,227 people lived here in 2006. André-Mignot Hospital is located in the city.

On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt.

## Education

- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
Mantes-la-Jolie

**Mantes-la-Jolie** is a French commune. It is in the western suburbs of Paris 48.4 km (30.1 mi) from the center. About 42,365 people lived here in 2006.

## Education

- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Mantes-la-Jolie
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Mantes-la-Jolie (Yvelines).svg
- **arrondissement**: Mantes-la-Jolie
- **canton**: Canton of Mantes-la-Jolie, Mantes-la-Jolie
- **insee**: 78361
- **postal code**: 78200
- **mayor**: Michel Vialay
- **term**: 2004–2010
- **intercommunality**: Mantes-en-Yvelines
- **elevation m**: 34
- **elevation min m**: 17
- **elevation max m**: 41
- **area km2**: 9.38
- **population**: 42365
- **population date**: 2006
Mantes-la-Ville

**Mantes-la-Ville** is a French commune. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, which is about 48.6 km (30.2 mi) from the center. About 18,710 people lived here in 2006. The mayor is Cyril Nauth since March 2014.

## Education

- Institut des sciences et techniques des Yvelines
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
Call of Duty: Black Ops II

***Call of Duty: Black Ops II*** is first-person shooter video game which was released on November 13, 2012. It is known for its great graphics and realistic gameplay. It was developed by the developer studio Treyarch and published by Activision.

It was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360. and the Wii U. _Black Ops 2_ is the ninth game in the _Call of Duty_ series and a sequel to _Call of Duty: Black Ops_, which was released in 2010.

_Black Ops 2_ is the first game in the _Call of Duty_ series to have a complete story which plays in the future.

### Characters and Setting

_Black Ops II_ begins in the year 2025, where China and the United States are in a cold war after China stops exporting rare earth elements. In this future setting, militaries use robotic weaponry, cyberwarfare, unmanned vehicles and futuristic technology. Militaries on both sides are concerned that the unmanned weaponry can be hacked. Players take the role of a military CIA commander David Mason, who is the son of the main protagonist from the previous game, Alex Mason. The antagonist of the game, Raul Menendez is trying to carry out a massive cyber attack to hack unmanned weaponry used by the United States. Mason and his team desperately try to capture Menendez and uncover his plans. They succeed in capturing him, only to find out that he had planned to be captured so that he could launch the cyber attack directly from the CIA military base. Menendez succeeds in doing this, and the city of Los Angeles comes under attack by hacked unmanned weaponry. Mason is able to stop Menendez, and the player has the choice to kill or capture him.

Throughout the story mode the player has to go through multiple missions, and many of them are difficult. There is also a multiplayer mode, and a zombies game mode.
The popularity of the multiplayer mode has decreased with the arrival of newer games, though it still has a dedicated fan base.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Call of Duty: Black Ops II
- **image**: Call of Duty Black Ops 2 Logo.svg
- **caption**: Official logo as shown by Activision
- **developer**: Treyarch
- **publisher**: Activision
 Square Enix <small>(Japan)</small>
- **writer**: David S. Goyer
- **series**: _Call of Duty_
- **engine**: IW engine, IW 3.0
- **released**: November 13, 2012
- **genre**: First-person shooter
Real-time strategy
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
- **platforms**: Microsoft Windows
PlayStation 3
Xbox 360
Wii U
Lusitania

**Lusitania** () was an ancient Roman province in modern Portugal (south of the Douro river) and part of western Spain (Extremadura and a part of the province of Salamanca).