juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Crash Bandicoot Purple: Ripto's Rampage and Spyro Orange: The Cortex Conspiracy

***Crash Bandicoot Purple: Ripto's Rampage*** and ***Spyro Orange: The Cortex Conspiracy*** are two video games published by Vivendi Universal Games. They were developed by Vicarious Visions for the Game Boy Advance. They were released in North America on June 3, 2004, in Europe on June 25, 2004 (under the names ***Crash Fusion*** and ***Spyro Fusion***) and in Japan on December 9, 2004 (under the names: ***Crash Bandicoot Advance Wakuwaku Tomodachi Daisakusen!*** and ***Spyro Advance Wakuwaku Tomodachi Daisakusen!***). This was the last _Spyro_ game to be released in Japan.

_Crash Bandicoot Purple: Ripto's Rampage_ is the tenth _Crash Bandicoot_ video game. _Spyro Orange: The Cortex Conspiracy_ is the eighth _Spyro_ video game.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Crash Bandicoot Purple: Ripto's Rampage
**and**
Spyro Orange: The Cortex Conspiracy
- **caption**: Cover art for _Crash Bandicoot Purple: Ripto's Rampage_ and _Spyro Orange: The Cortex Conspiracy_
- **developer**: Vicarious Visions
- **publisher**: Vivendi Games, Vivendi Universal Games
- **series**: _Crash Bandicoot (series), Crash Bandicoot_, _Spyro (series), Spyro_
- **genre**: Platform game, Platform
- **modes**: Single-player, Multiplayer
- **platforms**: Game Boy Advance
Amanda Anka

**Amanda Katherine Anka-Bateman** (born December 10, 1968 in New York City, USA) is an American movie, television, and voice actress.

## Biography

Amanda Katherine Anka was born on December 10, 1968 in New York City. She was born to musician and actor Paul Anka and model Anne de Zogheb, who were married from 1963 until their divorce in 2000. Amanda is the second of five daughters. Her sisters are Alicia Anka (b.1970), Amelia Anka (b.1977), Anthea Anka (b.1971) and Alexandra Anka (b.1966). She also has a younger half-
brother, Ethan Anka (b.2004).

Amanda married her boyfriend of two years, actor Jason Bateman (b.1969), on July 3, 2001. They have two daughters together - Francesca Nora Bateman (b.October 28, 2006) and Maple Sylvie Bateman (b.February 10, 2012).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Amanda Anka
- **image**: JasonBatemanAmandaAnkaAug2011.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Anka with her husband Jason Bateman in August 2011
- **birth name**: Amanda Katherine Anka
- **birth place**: New York City, USA
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **other names**: Amanda Anka-Bateman
Amanda Bateman
- **known for**: Daughter of Paul Anka and wife of Jason Bateman
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1991–present
- **spouse**: Jason Bateman <small>(m.2001-present; 2 children)</small>
- **children**: Francesca Nora Bateman <small></small>
Maple Sylvie Bateman <small></small>
- **parents**: Paul Anka <small>(b.1941)</small>
Anne de Zogheb
- **relatives**: Alicia Anka <small>(b.1970, younger sister)</small>
Amelia Anka <small>(b.1977, younger sister)</small>
:en:Anthea Anka, Anthea Anka <small>(b.1971, younger sister)</small>
Alexandra Anka <small>(b.1966, older sister)</small>
Ethan Anka <small>(b.2004, younger half-brother)</small>
National Party of South Africa

**National Party of South Africa** was an Afrikaner dominated white South African nationalist political party that controlled the South African government from 1948 to 1994.

### Founding

It was founded in 1914 by J.B.M. Hertzog as a result of disagreements between him and the leaders of the South African Party, which he then was a member of.

### Cold War

In 1948, its leader Daniel Francois Malan became the Prime Minister of South Africa, and the party began imposing the apartheid within South Africa. However, the apartheid was only one among a variety of issues that helped bring the National Party to power. Most people who voted for the National Party in 1948 were voting more against the previous United Party led by Jan Smuts than for Malan's National Party.

The reasons are said to be Smuts's support of the United Kingdom in the Second World War and other issues that had irritated Afrikaner voters, such as the poverty of Afrikaners, competition from native Africans for jobs,  urbanization of Afrikaner towns and the threat of communism for which many Afrikaner voters blamed Smuts.

South African President F.W. de Klerk, the last South African government leader to belong to the party, disbanded apartheid in the early 1990s and allowed all adults of all races to vote for the first time in 1994, which resulted in the National Party being voted out of office.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: National Party of South Africa
- **native name**: Nasionale Party van Suid-Afrika
- **lang1**: English
- **name lang1**: National Party
- **lang2**: Afrikaans
- **name lang2**: Nasionale Party
- **leader**:

* James Barry Munnik Hertzog, J. B. M. Hertzog (1915–1934)
* Daniel Francois Malan, D.F. Malan (1934–1953)
* Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom, J. G. Strijdom (1953–1958)
* Hendrik Verwoerd (1958–1966)
* John Vorster (1966–1978)
* Pieter Willem Botha, P. W. Botha (1978–1989)
* Frederik Willem de Klerk, F. W. de Klerk (1989–1997)
* Marthinus van Schalkwyk (1997–2005) (New National Party (South Africa), New National Party)
- **dissolved**: 1997
- **headquarters**: Cape Town, Cape Province, South Africa
- **ideology**: Afrikaner nationalism
White nationalism
White supremacy
 Apartheid (until 1990)
 Conservatism
 Republicanism
- **position**: Far-right
- **colorcode**: Orange
- **country**: South Africa
Sophie B. Hawkins

**Sophie Ballantine Hawkins** (born November 1, 1964 near Manhattan, New York) is an American singer-songwriter and recording artist. She has had many hit records and songs. In particular, she is well known for the single "Damn I Wish I was Your Lover".
Kristen Wiig

**Kristen Wiig** (; born August 22, 1973) is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for acting on the NBC television comedy _Saturday Night Live_. She also acted in many movies, including _Bridesmaids_, _Adventureland_, _Paul_, and in the _Despicable Me_ franchise.

In 2018, Wiig was cast as the villain Cheetah in the 2019 DC Extended Universe movie _Wonder Woman 1984_.

## Infobox (comedian)

- **embed**: yes
- **medium**: Television, film
- **genre**: Satire/political satire/news satire, improvisational comedy, sketch comedy
- **subject**: American politics, American culture, current events, popular culture, pop culture, mass media/news media
- **notable work**: _Saturday Night Live_
_Bridesmaids (2011 film), Bridesmaids_
_The Martian (film), The Martian_
_Ghostbusters (2016 film), Ghostbusters_
_Despicable Me_ (franchise)
_How to Train Your Dragon (franchise), How to Train Your Dragon_ (franchise)


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kristen Wiig
- **image**: Kristen Wiig TIFF 2014.jpg
- **caption**: Wiig presenting _Welcome to Me_ at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on September 5, 2014
- **birthname**: Kristen Carroll Wiig
- **birth place**: Canandaigua (city), New York, Canandaigua, New York, U.S.
- **alma mater**: University of Arizona
- **years active**: 2003–present
Arena

An **arena** is a circular or oval shaped public space. It is similar to a theater, a concert or sporting events. It is made up of a large open space surrounded on all sides by seats or benches for people to sit. The main feature of an arena is that the event space is the lowest point. This allows everyone to see what's going on. Sometimes, an arena is created to have a very large number of people, such as New York City's Madison Square Garden or Pasadena's Rose Bowl. In the United States, the term 'arena', sometimes means an indoor stadium.
Arena (disambiguation)

An **arena** is a type of stadium or venue.

**Arena** may also refer to:

## Sports

- Arena Football League
- Arena football
- Arena da Baixada

## Music

- Arena rock

## Places

- Arena, Wisconsin

## Other

- Arena (web browser)
Jeff Foxworthy

**Jeffrey Marshall** "**Jeff**" **Foxworthy** (born September 6, 1958) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, radio, and television personality, author, voice artist, and comedian. He is known for having "Southern humor" and unusual styles of entertainment. He acted in _The Jeff Foxworthy Show_ during the mid 1990s. He has also hosted game shows, hosting _Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?_ and _The American Bible Challenge_.

## Early life

He was born in Hapeville, Georgia. He is the first child of Jimmy Abstance Foxworthy, an IBM executive, and Carole Linda (Camp) Foxworthy. His parents are of English ancestry. His grandfather, James Marvin Camp, was a fireman in Hapeville for more than 30 years.

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: Jeff Foxworthy
- **image**: Us mil Foxworthy 0411 cropped.JPG
- **caption**: Foxworthy in 2006
- **birth name**: Jeffrey Marshall Foxworthy
- **birth place**: Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
- **medium**: Stand-up comedy, Stand-up, television, movies, radio
- **active**: 1984–present
- **genre**: Southern comedy, country comedy, host
- **subject**: Culture of the Southern United States, everyday life, family, rednecks
- **spouse**: Pamela Gregg (1985–present)
- **children**: 2
- **signature**: Jeff Foxworthy Signature.svg
Gary Barlow

**Gary Barlow**  (born 20 January 1971) is an English singer-songwriter, pianist, and record producer. He is the frontman, lead singer, and main songwriter of the boy band Take That.

## Career

In 1990, Gary Barlow became a member of the new founded boy band Take That. He is the main songwriter of the band. After the band broke up in 1996, Barlow started a solo career. He released two solo albums, _Open Road_ and _Twelve Months, Eleven Days_. He also wrote songs for other singers. Take That reformed in 2005.

Barlow was voted as the best British songwriter of all time in 2009. He was a judge at the TV show _The X Factor_ from 2011 until 2013.

Barlow organized the concert for the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2012. In May 2012, he released the album _Sing_ with the Commonwealth Band. The solo album _Since I Saw You Last_ was released in November 2013.

## Personal life

Barlow and his wife Dawn Andrews have three children Daniel, Emily and Daisy. Their fourth child was stillborn in August 2012.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Gary Barlow
- **image**: Gary barlow in concert face.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Gary Barlow
- **birth place**: Frodsham, Cheshire, England
- **instrument**: Vocals, piano, keyboards
- **occupation**: Musician, singer-songwriter, record producer and programmer, pianist, composer
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **years active**: 1988–present
- **label**: Sony Music, Sony, Polydor, Universal Music, Decca Records, Future, San Remo
- **associated acts**: Take That
Príncipe

**Príncipe** is the northern and smaller of the two major islands of the country of São Tomé and Príncipe. It is in the sea to the west of Africa. It has an area of . Close to 5,000 people live there. The island is a heavily eroded volcano over three million years old. It is surrounded by other smaller islands including Ilheu Bom Bom, Ilhéu Caroço, Tinhosa Grande and Tinhosa Pequena. Príncipe rises in the south to  at Pico de Príncipe, in a part of the Obo National Park that is covered with trees. The north and centre of the island were formerly plantations, most of them formed by Portuguese colonialists using slave labor. These concentrated initially on producing sugar and later on cocoa, becoming the world's greatest cocoa producer. Since independence these plantations have since largely gone back to being forest.

Príncipe was the site where Einstein's Theory of Relativity was experimentally proved successful by Arthur Stanley Eddington and his team during the total solar eclipse of May 29, 1919.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: Príncipe
- **image name**: Tp-map.png
- **image size**: 300px
- **image caption**: Map of São Tomé and Príncipe with Príncipe near the top
- **location**: São Tomé and Príncipe
- **area km2**: 136
- **elevation m**: 948
- **highest mount**: Pico de Príncipe
- **country admin divisions title**: Districts
- **country admin divisions**: 1 (Pagué District, Pagué)
- **country capital**: Santo António
- **demonym**: Príncipean or Principean
- **population**: 5,000
- **additional info**: Area code: Telephone code 239, 00239-19x-xxxx?
Russ Feingold

**Russell Dana "Russ" Feingold** (born March 2, 1953) is an American politician and lawyer from the state of Wisconsin. He was a member of the Democratic Party of the United States Senate from 1993 to 2011 and a Wisconsin State Senator from 1983 to 1993.

On May 14, 2015 he announced his candidacy for a 2016 U.S. Senate run against the incumbent Senator, Ron Johnson. He was defeated by Johnson in a rematch of their 2010 Senate race.

## Infobox (senator)

- **birthname**: Russell Dana Feingold
- **image**: Russ Feingold Official Portrait_3.jpg
- **jr/sr**: Junior Senator
- **state**: Wisconsin
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **term start**: January 3, 1993
- **term end**: January 3, 2011
- **preceded**: Bob Kasten
- **succeeded**: Ron Johnson
- **state1**: Wisconsin
- **state senate1**: Wisconsin
- **district1**: Wisconsin Senate, District 27, 27th
- **term start1**: January 3, 1983
- **term end1**: January 3, 1993
- **preceded1**: Everett Bidwell
- **succeeded1**: Joe Wineke, Joseph Wineke
- **birth place**: Janesville, Wisconsin
- **occupation**: Politician
Attorney at law, Attorney
- **residence**: Middleton, Wisconsin
- **relations**: Dena Feingold (sister)
- **spouse**: Sue Levine (m. 1977–1986; divorced)
Mary Speerschneider (m. 1991–2005; divorced)
Christine Ferdinand (m. 2013)
- **alma mater**: University of Wisconsin-Madison <small>(Bachelor of Arts, B.A.)</small>
University of Oxford  <small>(Bachelor of Arts, B.A.)</small>
Harvard Law School <small>(Juris Doctor, J.D.)</small>
Chiriku Hachiman-gū

, also known as , is a Japanese Shinto shrine in Miyaki, Saga Prefecture.

## History

Chiriku Hachiman-gū was the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of Hizen Province.  It is a chief shrine of Saga Prefecture and Nagasaki Prefecture.

In 1940, the shrine was recognized in the system of State Shinto.  It was ranked among the most significant shrines or  which included 50 sanctuaries.

## Other websites

- 千栗八幡宮 at Miyaki Sanpo website
Judith Light

**Judith Ellen Light** (February 9 1949 in Trenton, New Jersey) is an American stage and television actress who has been featured in multiple soap operas and sitcoms. She acted in sitcoms such as _Who's the Boss?_, _Ugly Betty_ and _Law & Order: Special Victims Unit_.
The X Factor

***The X Factor*** is a television music competition franchise made by British producer Simon Cowell and his company Syco Entertainment. It started in the United Kingdom as a replacement for _Pop Idol_ (2001–2003). The "X Factor" means "something" that makes for star quality.

## Infobox (media franchise)

- **title**: The X Factor
- **owner**: Fremantle (company), Fremantle
Syco Entertainment
- **origin**: The X Factor (British TV series), _The X Factor_ (UK)
- **years**: 2004–present
- **tv**: _The X Factor_ (independent international versions, #The_X_Factor_around_the_world, see below)
- **otherlabel1**: Genre
- **otherdata1**: Music competition
- **otherlabel2**: First aired
- **otherlabel3**: Distributor
- **otherdata3**: Fremantle
Samantha Morton

**Samantha Morton** (born 13 May 1977) is an English actress. She was born in Nottingham. She has been nominated for many major awards for her acting. She began acting in 1991, although it was 2000 when she received recognition from worldwide. In particular she has been in movies, including _Sweet and Lowdown_ (1999) and _Minority Report_ (2002).
Zootaxa

**Zootaxa** is a scientific journal that publishes papers of zoology. It is edited by Magnolia Press (Auckland, New Zealand). The magazine was created by Zhi-Qiang Zhang in 2001 and the magazine is issued every week.

Zootaxa is indexed by BIOSIS, Zoological Record and the Current Contents Agriculture, Biology and Environmental Sciences.

## Other websites

- BioStor: Zootaxa.
Aso Kujū National Park

is a national park of Japan in Kumamoto Prefecture and Ōita Prefecture.

In part, the park's name comes from Mount Aso, which is the largest active volcano in Japan.  The park is also named for Mount Kujū and the Kujū mountains.

## History

Aso National Park was established in 1934. When the area of the park was made larger in 1986, the park's name became Aso Kujū National Park.

## Other websites

- http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/parks/aso.html ; [http://www.env.go.jp/park/aso/ ]

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Aso Kujū National Park
- **alt name**: 阿蘇くじゅう国立公園
- **photo**: Kuju Mountains 03.JPG
- **photo caption**: Kujū Flower Gardens and Kujū Mountains
- **location**: Kyūshū, Japan
- **area**: 726.78 km²
- **established**: 4 December 1934
Truman Show delusion

**The _Truman Show_ delusion** is a delusion some people have. It is named after _The Truman Show_, a movie from 1998. In the movie, the main character discovers that he is living in a constructed reality that is shown on television. All people except the main character of the movie are paid actors. People with this disorder have delusions about being followed. The may also think that they are famous. As of 2012, there were over forty reported cases of this delusion, in the U.S and the United Kingdom.

One of the patients, an upper-middle class Army veteran who wanted to climb the Statue of Liberty in the belief that doing so would release him from the "show", described his condition this way:

> I realized that I was and am the center, the focus of attention by millions and millions of people ... My family and everyone I knew were and are actors in a script, a charade whose entire purpose is to make me the focus of the world's attention.

The choice of the name "Truman Show Delusion" by the Golds was influenced by the fact that three of the five patients Joel Gold initially treated for the syndrome explicitly linked their perceived experiences to the movie.

## Truman Syndrome

In the U.K., psychiatrists Paolo Fusar-Poli, Oliver Howes, Lucia Valmaggia and Philip McGuire of the Institute of Psychiatry in London described in the _British Journal of Psychiatry_ what they referred to as the "Truman Syndrome":

> [A] preoccupying belief that the world had changed in some way that other people were aware of, which he interpreted as indicating he was the subject of a film and living in a film set (a ‘fabricated world’). This cluster of symptoms ... is a common presenting complaint in individuals ... who may be in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia.

The authors suggest that the "Truman explanation" is a result of the patients' search for meaning in their perception that the ordinary world has changed in some significant but inexplicable way.
MobyGames

**MobyGames** is an online gaming website for computer and video games. It is also a review site which allows their critics to give their opinion's on any video game. The site has a lot of video game information. Their goal is to be a huge game database and allow users to add information to the website by providing screenshots and adding the names of the people who worked behind a video game.

As of July 17, 2012, the site includes 131 gaming platforms (video game consoles, computers and handheld devices including mobile phones.) They also have more than 67,000 game entries, in 40 years of gaming. GameFly bought the site in 2010.

## Books

- Jean Swanson, Dean James, _The Dick Francis Companion_, Berkley Trade; Berkley Pr edition (July 29, 2003),
- Sheri Graner Ray, _Gender Inclusive Game Design: Expanding The Market (Advances in Computer Graphics and Game Development Series)_, Charles River Media; 1 edition (September 2003),

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: MobyGames
- **logo**: MobyGames.png
- **logocaption**: MobyGames' official logo
- **url**: [http://www.mobygames.com MobyGames.com]
- **commercial**: Yes
- **type**: Gaming
- **registration**: Optional, Free
- **language**: English
- **owner**: GameFly
- **author**: Jim Leonard and Brian Hirt
- **current status**: active
John Carter (movie)

***John Carter*** is a 2012 science fiction and action drama movie. It stars Samantha Morton and Willem Dafoe. The director of _John Carter_ is Andrew Stanton. This action drama received negative reviews and performed poorly at the US box office, though it did well on international terms.
Amphiuma

***Amphiuma*** is a genus of aquatic salamanders.  They are the only genus still living in the family **Amphiumidae**. They are sometimes called "conger eels" or "congo snakes", which is not correct. Amphiumas have one of the largest amounts of DNA in the living world, around 25 times more than a human.

## Description

Amphiumas have a long body.  They are generally grey-black in color. They do have legs but they are very small. Amphiumas can be up to  long, their legs are only up to about . It is because of this that they are often mistaken for eels or snakes. They also do not have eyelids or a tongue.

Female amphiumas lay their eggs in wet mud.  They then stay coiled around them for about five months, until they hatch. The larvae have external gills. After about four months these external gills disappear and the lungs begin to work.

## Distribution

Amphiumas live in the southeastern part of the United States.

In the past they have lived in more areas. Fossils from the Pleistocene time show that they once lived in Europe.

## Behavior

During the day amphiumas hide in plants.  At night they become active and go hunting. Their prey include frogs, snakes, fish, crustaceans, insects and even other amphiumas. Hunting and eating habits are similar to that of the Axolotl.  They suck food into their stomachs with vacuum force. They can become aggressive.

## Species

There are three amphiuma species.  They are different because of the number of toes:
- Three-toed Amphiuma (_Amphiuma tridactylum_)
- Two-toed Amphiuma (_Amphiuma means_)
- One-toed Amphiuma (_Amphiuma pholeter_)

## Other websites

- Tree of Life: Amphiumidae
- amphiumas.org
Leiopelmatidae

__FORCETOC__
**Leiopelmatidae**, or **New Zealand and North American primitive frogs**, is a family belonging to the suborder Archaeobatrachia.  There are only four Leiopelma and two Ascaphus species alive now. Leiopelma are only found in New Zealand. Ascaphus are only found in North America.

## Overview

Leiopelmatidae have an extra vertebrae.  They have the remains of the tail muscles.

When Leiopelmatid jump, they land in a "belly flop".  After landing, Ascaphus skids to a halt before recovering.

They are very small frogs, only  in length. Most species lay their eggs in moist ground, typically under rocks or plants. After hatching the tadpoles nest in the male's back.  They do not need standing or flowing water.  Life span may be long at more than 30 years.

## Species

Family **LEIOPELMATIDAE**
- Genus ***Leiopelma***
    - Archey's Frog, _Leiopelma archeyi_ <small>Turbott, 1942</small>
    - Hamilton's Frog, _Leiopelma hamiltoni_ <small>McCulloch, 1919</small>
    - Hochstetter's Frog, _Leiopelma hochstetteri_ <small>Fitzinger, 1861</small>
    - Maud Island Frog, _Leiopelma pakeka_ <small>Bell, Daugherty & Hay, 1998</small>
- Genus ***Ascaphus***
    - Tailed Frog, _Ascaphus truei_
    - Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog, _Ascaphus montanus_

### Extinct species

Three extinct species are known by subfossil remains, also from New Zealand. They became extinct during the past 1,000 years.
- _†Leiopelma auroraensis_
- _†Leiopelma markhami_
- _†Leiopelma waitomoensis_

Much older fossils, dating back to the Jurassic, have been found in Argentina, such as _Notobatrachus_.

## Other websites

- New Zealand Frog Conservation Biology - research on New Zealand frog biology
Megophryidae

**Megophryidae** are a large family of frogs.  They live in the warm southeast of Asia, from the Himalaya foothills  eastwards, south to Indonesia and the Greater Sunda Islands in Maritime Southeast Asia, and going to the Philippines. There are 70-100 species of frog divided between 12 genera. They are commonly called **megophryids**.

The megophryids are known for their camouflage, especially those that live in forests.  They often look like dead leaves. They even have some skin folds that look like leaf veins.

Megophryids range in size from  to  in length. The adults' tongue is noticeably paddle-shaped. Their tadpoles can be found in a variety of waters, but especially ponds and streams. The tadpoles are very diverse in form because of the variety of habitats they live in.

## Genera

Family **Megophryinidae**
- _Atympanophrys_
- _Borneophrys_ - Rough horned frogs <small>Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean & Ohler, 2006</small> (formerly in _Megophrys_)
- _Brachytarsophrys_ – Karin Hills frogs
- _Leptobrachella_ - Borneo frogs
- _Leptobrachium_ – Eastern spadefoot toads
- _Leptolalax_ - Asian toads
- _Megophrys_ - Asian horned toads
- _Ophryophryne_ - Mountain toads
- _Oreolalax_
- _Scutiger_ - Cat-eyed toads
- _Vibrissaphora_  - Spiny toads (sometimes included in _Leptobrachium_)
- _Xenophrys_

## References

- (2004): _Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians_ (2nd ed.). Fog City Press. <small></small>
- (2003): Animal Diversity Web – Megophryidae. Retrieved 2006-MAY-08.
Parsley frog

**Parsley frogs** or Pelodytidae, is a family of order Anura. The family has just one genus, **Pelodytes**. These frogs live in southwestern Europe and the Caucasus.

Parsley frogs are typical looking frogs.  They are closely related to Spadefoot toads and Megophyrids. The parsley frogs are small, smooth skinned frogs.  They reach a length of . They are one of the few families of frogs which have more known extinct species and genera (two or three) than living species.

## Taxonomy

- Family **Pelodytidae**
    - Genus ***Pelodytes***
        - _Pelodytes caucasicus_ – Caucasian parsley frog
        - _Pelodytes ibericus_ – Iberian parsley frog
        - _Pelodytes punctatus_ – Common parsley frog
Spadefoot toad

**Spadefoot ** is the name of the following toads:
- Scaphiopodidae - American spadefoot toads
- _Pelobates_ - European spadefoot toads
- _Notaden_ - genus that includes Australian spadefoot
American spadefoot toads

An **American spadefood toad** is one of a family of toads known as **Scaphiopodidae**. They live in North America, in southern Canada and USA south to southern Mexico. Scaphiopodidae is a small family with only seven species.

The American spadefoot toads are of typical shape to most digging frogs. They are round, with short legs and eyes that stick out. This frog has a hard growth on their feet which helps them to dig. They dig backwards into the ground.

The American spadefoot toads live on land when not under ground. They are dully coloured, usually a grey or dull green or brown. This is to help in camouflage.

## Other websites

- Scaphiopodidae  at Tree of Life
Notaden

***Notaden*** is a genus of frogs.  They live in central and northern Australia. They are a digging frog.

## Description

Its body is very round in shape with a short neck.  Its pupils are horizontal slits.  It has long arms and short, stubby legs.  Its fingers do not have webbing and its toes may have little to no webbing.  The skin is slightly warty.  Because it looks like some species of toads it is often incorrectly called a toad.  It lets out a poisonous sticky fluid from its skin when picked up.  It lays eggs in chains like some toad species.

## Species

|Common name|Binomial name|
| --- | --- |
|Crucifix Toad|_Notaden bennettii_|
|Northern Spadefoot Toad|_Notaden melanoscaphus_|
|Desert Spadefoot Toad|_Notaden nichollsi_|
|Weigel's Toad|_Notaden weigeli_|
Mexican burrowing toad

The **Mexican burrowing toad** (_Rhinophrynus dorsalis_) is a frog.  They are the only species in the genus ***Rhinophrynus*** and the family **Rhinophrynidae**. These frogs live from the southern Texas through Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador to Nicaragua and Costa Rica. They used to live in more places.  There were species going as far north as Canada, but these died out in the Oligocene.

## Physical description

The Mexican Burrowing Toad grows to  in length.  They usually have red spots on its bloated body with a red stripe along the center of its back. It has short legs, and a small, pointed head. Its feet have horny, shovel-like growths that help it in digging. Its eyes are small. The Mexican Burrowing Toad's tongue comes directly out the front of the mouth.  In all other frogs it is flipped out.

## Behavior

As the name suggests, the Mexican Burrowing Toad is a burrowing animal. It spends a large part of its life underground. After a large time of rain, it will come out from the soil and lay eggs in water. They will travel up to  to find a good water source. Because of the unpredictability of rain, the frog will call and mate during any time of the year. It will dig into soft soil with its short legs once the land has dried up. The egg and tadpole stages of the life cycle are short. The eggs take only a few days to hatch. The tadpoles develop over one to three months.

The call is a loud, low pitched "wh-o-o-o-a". When it is calling or scared, the body becomes inflated. The Mexican Burrowing Toad eats insects, mostly ants and termites.
Tukeit Hill frog

The **Tukeit Hill Frog** (_Allophryne ruthveni_) is one of the two described species in the genus _Allophryne_.  The other one is _Allophryne resplendens_. It is the only member of the subfamily Allophryninae, a clade recently placed under the family Centrolenidae These frogs live in Guyana, Venezuela, Surinam, Brazil and Bolivia.  The holotype was discovered at Tukeit Hill, below Kaieteur Falls, Guyana.  This is the reason for the common English name.

## Description

The Tukeit Hill Frog is a small frog. It can have different colors.  They are either black, with stripes and spots which can be golden or dull yellow, or a dull yellow or golden stomach surface, with black strips and spots. It has a flat body, and small flat head. The toe pads are large, wider than the fingers.

## Behaviour

The Tukeit Hill Frog spends some time low in the trees, 1–3 metres, and some of the time on the ground. This frog lives in sparse forest, avoiding cleared land.

## References

- **Austin**, J. D.; Lougheed, S. C.; Tanner, K; Chek, A. A.; Bogart, J. P. & Boag, P. T. (2002): A molecular perspective on the evolutionary affinities of an enigmatic neotropical frog, _Allophryne ruthveni_. _Zool. J. Linn. Soc._ **134**(3): 335–346. PDF fulltext
- **Cannatella**, David (1996): The Tree of Life Web Project: _Allophryne ruthveni _. Version of 1 January 1996; retrieved 2007-JAN-06.
- **Cogger**, H. G.; Zweifel, R. G. & Kirschner, D. (2004): _Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians_ (2nd edition). Fog City Press. <small></small>
- **Frost**, Darrel R.; Grant, Taran; Faivovich, Julián; Bain, Raoul H.; Haas, Alexander; Haddad, Celio F. B.; De Sa, Rafael O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, Mark; Donnellan, Stephen C.; Raxworthy, Christopher J.; Campbell, Jonathan A.; Blotto, Boris L.; Moler, Paul; Drewes, Robert C.; Nussbaum, Ronald A.; Lynch, John D.; Green, David M. & Wheeler, Ward C. (2006): The Amphibian Tree of Life]. _Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History_ **297**: 1-370. PDF fulltext
- **InfoNatura** (2005): _Allophryne ruthveni _ Version 4.1, 28 June 2005. Retrieved 2007-JAN-06.
- Database entry includes a range map and a brief justification of why this species is of least concern
Aromobatidae

The **Aromobatidae** are a family of poison dart frogs.  They live in Central and South America. By late 2019, 126 species in three subfamilies and five genera had been described.
Arthroleptidae

The **Arthroleptidae** is a family of frogs found in sub-Saharan Africa. They are known as **squeakers** because of their high-pitched call. They are small, less than  in length.  They live on land mostly in leaf litter on the forest floor. They do not have tadpoles. They lay their eggs on the ground.

Some species hatch already completely metamorphosed into the adult form, others still have tails when they hatch.

## Taxonomy

Arthroleptidae is separated into two sub-families: Arthroleptinae and Leptopelinae. Some think these are separate families.

The two sub-families have these genera:

|Subfamilies|Species|Common name|Scientific name||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan=8 style="background:#CCCCCC;"|**Arthroleptinae**||||
|37|Screeching frogs|_Arthroleptis_|||
|11|Night frogs|_Astylosternus_|||
|15|Long-fingered frogs|_Cardioglossa_|||
|15|Egg frogs|_Leptodactylodon_|||
|1|Southern night frog|_Nyctibates_|||
|1|Gaboon forest frog|_Scotobleps_|||
|1|Hairy frog|_Trichobatrachus_|||
|style="background:#CCCCCC;"|**Leptopelinae**|51|Forest tree frogs|_Leptopelis_|
Saddleback toad

The **saddleback toads** are the family Brachycephalidae in the order Anura. The family has just one genus, _Brachycephalus_.  It has 28 species.

These tiny, often yellow frogs live in  the cool cloud Atlantic forests of south-eastern Brazil. These mountainous areas have even more species (per square km) than the Amazon basin. Each small mountain has its own species.
- "For animals like the _Bracycephalus_ frogs that are particularly sensitive to their environment, even the temperature change from mountain to valley forms a barrier. That leaves the population on each mountain top to slowly develop into a separate species".

The saddleback toads are very small frogs.  They are mostly about  in length.  They include the smallest frog in the southern hemisphere, the Brazilian golden frog (_Brachycephalus didactylus_). They have only three toes on each foot, and two fingers on each hand. This is different than the usual five toes and four fingers of most frogs.

The saddleback toads are active during the day.  They live in the leaf litter on forest floors. The eggs hatch into miniature frogs.  There is no tadpole stage. The eggs are laid on the ground.  They are covered in soil to protect from the heat and predators.

One of these frogs, _Brachycepalus pulex_, is reputed to be the smallest vertebrate in the world.
Rhonda Fleming

**Rhonda Fleming** (August 10, 1923 – October 14, 2020) was an American television and movie actress. She starred in many television programs and lots of movies in the 1940s and 1950s. She was known as one of the most beautiful actors of her time. Fleming was born in Hollywood, California.

Fleming died on October 14, 2020 in Santa Monica, California from pneumonia at the age of 97.
Supervised learning

In machine learning, **supervised learning** is the task of inferring a function from labelled training data. The results of the training are known beforehand, the system simply learns how to get to these results correctly. Usually, such systems work with vectors. They get the training data and the result of the training as two vectors and produce a _classifier_. Usually, the system uses inductive reasoning to generalize the training data.
Hasan ibn Zayd

**Hasan ibn Zayd**, known as **Great Dai**, (born early 8th century, died 6 January 884) was a Persian king of the Tabaristan's Alids. He rebelled in Tabaristan (in 864) and fought with the Abbasids, Tahirids and the Saffarids dynasty. He created an independent Shia Islamic Alavid dynasty.

Hasan died in Amol.

## Other websites

- ʿALIDS: Ecyclopedia Iranica
Don Johnson

**Don Johnson** (born December 15, 1949) is an American movie and television actor. He has been featured in many television programs and movies. In particular, he starred in the police shows _Miami Vice_ and _Nash Bridges_. He was born in Flat Creek, Missouri.

Johnson was married to Melanie Griffith in 1976 and from 1989 until 1996. His five children include actor Jesse Johnson and actress Dakota Johnson.
Tokyo (disambiguation)

**Tokyo** may mean:

- Tokyo, a metropolitan area with traditional city at its center and including parts of the surrounding prefectures and islands in the Pacific Ocan

- Prefecture of Tokyo or Tokyo Prefecture, established in 1943

## City and Prefecture

The history of Tokyo includes
- 1457-present: Tokyo
- 1457-1869: historical Edo or , see
- 1869-1943: historical Tokyo Prefecture or , also known as _Tōkei-fu_
- 1889-1943: historical Tokyo, Tokyo or , also known as "Tokyo City"
- 1943-present: Tokyo Metropolis or

- Traditional Tokyo or the Special wards of Tokyo are 23 cities occupying the place that was formerly the city of Tokyo

## Related pages

- List of articles that begin with "Tokyo"
- F.C. Tokyo, a professional association football team in Tokyo
Corps de ballet

The ***corps de ballet*** are a group of dancers in a ballet company who are not soloists. They perform as a group (the Flowers in the "Waltz of the Flowers" from _The Nutcracker_, for example) and at other times as a backdrop for the soloists (the peasants in the mad scene from _Giselle_).
Tokyo Prefecture

- _This article is about Tokyo Prefecture. For other uses, see Tokyo (disambiguation)._

is a former Japanese government entity starting in 1869 and ending in 1943

In 1943, the prefecture's municipalities, including the traditional city of Tokyo, became part of the newly formed  or "greater Tokyo metropolian area".

## Infobox (former subdivision)

- **conventional long name**: Tokyo Prefecture
- **common name**: Tokyo
- **subdivision**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **nation**: Japan
- **p1**: Musashi Province
- **s1**: Tokyo
- **flag s1**: Flag of Tokyo Metropolis.svg
- **image coat**: Emblem of Tokyo Prefecture (1931–1943).svg
- **image map**: Ginza in 1933.JPG
- **image map caption**: Ginza, **Tokyo City**, in 1933
- **capital**: Tokyo City
- **date start**: 2 October
- **year start**: 1868
- **date end**: 1 July
- **year end**: 1943
- **political subdiv**: 3 cities
3 Districts
- **today**: Part of the Tokyo, Tokyo Metropolis
Soul Asylum

**Soul Asylum** is an American alternative rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Soul Asylum has four members in the band; the current band members are David Pirner, Dan Murphy, Michael Bland and Tommy Stinson.

The band was formed in 1981 and were balled **Loud Fast Rules**. The band was renamed **Soul Asylum** in 1983. They released their debut album _Say What You Will, Clarence...Karl Sold the Truck_ on August 24, 1984. The song "_Runaway Train_" from their sixth studio album, "_Grave Dancers Union_" won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Song in 1994. The bands original bassist Karl Mueller died on June 17, 2005 from throat cancer. They released their tenth studio album "_Delayed Reaction_" on July 17, 2012.

## Band members

- Current
- David Pirner - lead vocals, guitar (1983–present)
- Michael Bland - drums, backing vocals (1983-1985, 2005-present)
- Tommy Stinson - bass guitar, backing vocals (2005–present)

- Former
- Dan Murphy - guitar (1983-2012)
- Pat Morley – drums (1983)
- Grant Young – drums (1985–1995)
- Sterling Campbell – drums (1995-2000)
- Chuck Biscuits – drums (2000-2005)
- Karl Mueller - bass guitar (1983–2005)
- Joey Huffman - keyboards (1993–1997, 2003–2006)

## Discography

So far as of 2012, Soul Asylum have released 10 studio albums and 1 live album:

### Albums

- _Say What You Will, Clarence... Karl Sold the Truck_ (1984)
- _Made to Be Broken_ (1986)
- _While You Were Out_ (1986)
- _Hang Time_ (1988)
- _And the Horse They Rode In On_ (1990)
- _Grave Dancers Union_ (1992)
- _Let Your Dim Light Shine_ (1995)
- _Candy from a Stranger_ (1998)
- _The Silver Lining_ (2006)
- _Delayed Reaction_ (2012)

### Live albums

- _After the Flood: Live from the Grand Forks Prom, June 28, 1997_ (2004)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Soul Asylum
- **img**: Soul Asylum 3.jpg
- **img capt**: Soul Asylum performing in Urbana, Illinois in 2010
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Minnesota
- **years active**: 1983-present
- **genre**: Alternative rock, punk rock
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M
Columbia Records, Columbia
Legacy Recordings, Legacy
TwinTone Records, Twin/Tone
429 Records
- **url**: [http://enterthesoulasylum.com Official website]
- **current members**:
Dave Pirner
Michael Bland
Tommy Stinson
- **past members**:
Dan Murphy
Pat Morley
Grant Young
Sterling Campbell
Chuck Biscuits
Karl Mueller
Joey Huffman
Alexandre Benois

**Alexandre Nikolayevich Benois** (3 May 18709 February 1960) was an artist, art critic, and historian. He was born in St. Petersburg and died in Paris. He designed several productions for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes including _Petrushka_.
Tokyo, Tokyo

- _This article is about Tokyo City in Tokyo Prefecture. For other uses, see Tokyo (disambiguation)._

was a Japanese city in Tokyo Prefecture in 1889 through 1943.

## History

In 1869, the city of Edo was renamed Tokyo, which means "Eastern Capital". The offices of Tokyo Prefecture were also opened.

In 1943, the city was abolished. All of the 23 Special wards of Tokyo merged with Tokyo Prefecture to form the Tokyo Metropolis.

## References

et:Tōkyō
Ceratophryinae

The **Ceratophryinae**, known as **common horned frogs**, are a subfamily of the leptodactylid frogs. All species live in South America.

Fossils of the giant _Beelzebufo_ from Cretaceous Madagascar suggest that the subfamily may have once ranged throughout the prehistoric supercontinent of Gondwana. Not all species in the subfamily have the horn-like growth at the eyes. All are carnivorous, terrestrial or semi-aquatic.  They have large heads and mouths.

Some people enjoy keeping these frogs as pets.

## Genera

- †_Beelzebufo_, Evans, Jones, & Krause, 2008.
- _Ceratophrys_, Wied-Neuwied, 1824.
- _Chacophrys_, Reig & Limeses, 1963.
- _Lepidobatrachus_, Budgett, 1899.
- _Macrogenioglottus_, Carvalho, 1946.
- _Odontophrynus_, Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862.
- _Proceratophrys_, Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920.

## References

- http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/names.php?taxon=&family=&subfamily=Ceratophryinae&genus=&commname=&authority=&year=&geo=0&dist=&comment=
Craugastoridae

**Craugastoridae** is a family of frogs.  There are 2 genera: _Craugastor_ and _Haddadus_.

The genus _Craugastor_ has 112 species.  They can be found in the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America up to northwestern South America. The genus _Haddadus_ has 2 species.  They are only found in south-eastern Brazil.
Cycloramphinae

**Cycloramphinae** is a subfamily of leptodactylid frogs.  They are found in South America.

## Genera

- _Crossodactylodes_ Cochran, 1938.
- _Crossodactylus_ Duméril & Bibron, 1841.
- _Cycloramphus_ Tschudi, 1838.
- _Hylodes_ Fitzinger, 1826.
- _Megaelosia_ Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923.
- _Paratelmatobius_ Lutz & Carvalho, 1958.
- _Rupirana_ Heyer, 1999.
- _Scythrophrys_ Lynch, 1971.
- _Thoropa_ Cope, 1865.
- _Zachaenus_ Cope, 1866.
Eleutherodactylidae

**Eleutherodactylidae** is a family of frogs. They used to be a subfamily of Leptodactylidae.  There are 801 frogs in the family.

## Genera

- _Adelophryne_ Hoogmoed et Lescure, 1984.
- _Atopophrynus_ Lynch and Ruiz-Carranza, 1982.
- _Barycholos_ Heyer, 1969.
- _Diasporus_ Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008
- _Dischidodactylus_ Lynch, 1979.
- _Eleutherodactylus_ Duméril and Bibron, 1841.
- _Euparkerella_ Griffiths, 1959.
- _Geobatrachus_ Ruthven, 1915.
- _Holoaden_ Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920.
- _Ischnocnema_ Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862
- _Oreobates_ Jiménez de la Espada, 1872.
- _Phrynopus_ Peters, 1873.
- _Phyllonastes_ Heyer, 1977.
- _Phyzelaphryne_ Heyer, 1977.
Ghost frog

The **ghost frog** is the common name for a family of frogs of the family **Heleophrynidae**. The family has two genera, _Heleophryne_ and _Hadromophryne_.  There are seven species. Ghost frogs live in swift-moving mountain streams in South Africa. The common name of "ghost frogs" may be because they live in Skeleton Gorge.

## Biology

Ghost frogs are medium sized frogs, reaching a length of .  They have flat bodies. This lets them climb inside rocky crevices. They have very large toe discs in comparison to their size.  This helps to hold onto rocks. The mouthparts of the tadpoles are a sucking disc.  This lets them hold onto the surface they live on and remain still while they are feeding.

## Taxonomy

The ghost frogs are closely related to the Sooglossidae family, which inhabit the Seychelles. They may also be closely related to the Australian Myobatrachids.

Family **Heleophrynidae**
- Genus _Hadromophryne_ <small>Van Dijk, 2008</small>
    - Natal Ghost Frog, _Hadromophryne natalensis_ <small>Hewitt, 1913</small>
- Genus _Heleophryne_ <small>Sclater, 1898</small>
    - Cederberg Ghost Frog, _Heleophryne depressa_ <small>FitzSimons, 1946</small>
    - Hewitt's Ghost Frog, _Heleophryne hewitti_ <small>Boycott, 1988</small>
    - Eastern Ghost Frog, _Heleophryne orientalis_ <small>FitzSimons, 1946</small>
    - Purcell's Ghost Frog, _Heleophryne purcelli_ <small>Sclater, 1898</small>
    - Royal Ghost Frog, _Heleophryne regis_ <small>Hewitt, 1910</small>
    - Table Mountain Ghost Frog, _Heleophryne rosei_ <small>Hewitt, 1925</small>
Hemiphractidae

**Hemiphractidae** is a family of frogs.  They live in South and Central America.  Previously, this group was classified as a subfamily under family Hylidae.

## Breeding behavior

This frog is different in that the eggs grow into froglets on the back of the female.  In most there is no free-swimming tadpole stage. In some of the frogs the eggs are in a pouch until they hatch.

## Taxonomy

The Hemiphractidae family is divided into the following genera:
- _Cryptobatrachus_ - Backpack Frogs
- _Flectonotus_
- _Gastrotheca_ - Marsupial Frogs
- _Hemiphractus_ - Horned Treefrogs
- _Stefania_ - Carrying Frogs
Ettore Bassi

**Ettore Francesco Maria Bassi** (born April 16, 1970) is an Italian actor and television presenter. In 2010, it was announced that he is the successor of Kaspar Capparoni in the German-Austrian-Italian thriller series _Inspector Rex_.

## Other websites

- Sito ufficiale di Ettore Bassi

## Infobox (person)

- **birth place**: Bari, Province of Bari, Italy
- **birth name**: Ettore Francesco Maria Bassi
- **occupation**: Actor,television host
Shovelnose frog

The **shovelnose frogs** are nine species of frog in the genus, ***Hemisus***.  The is the only genus in the Family **Hemisotidae**. They are found in tropical and subtropical sub-Saharan Africa.

The shovelnose frogs are medium sized frogs, reaching a length of . They are round-bodied, with short legs. Their head is small and narrow, with a hard, upturned nose.

The shovelnose frogs are digging frogs.  They live most of their life underground. The female will dig underground while it is in amplexus.  It then will lay the eggs in an underground hole. The male will leave through the tunnel, and the female will stay with the eggs. Once enough rain has fallen, the female will dig, with her nose, towards a water source. The tadpoles will stay there until metamorphosis. The tadpoles may stay out of water for up to a few days.

Unlike most digging frogs, the shovelnose frogs dig head first.  Other frogs dig rear first.

Some species are kept as pets.

## Species

Family **HEMISOTIDAE**
- Genus ***Hemisus***
    - _Hemisus barotseensis_ - Mongu Shovelnose Frog <small>(Channing & Broadley, 2002)</small>
    - _Hemisus brachydactylus_ - Masiliwa Shovelnose Frog <small>(Laurent, 1963)</small>
    - _Hemisus guineensis_ - Guinea Shovelnose Frog <small>(Cope, 1865)</small>
    - _Hemisus guttatus_ - Spotted Shovelnose Frog <small>(Rapp, 1842)</small>
    - _Hemisus marmoratus_ - Marbled Shovelnose Frog <small>(Steindachner, 1863)</small>
    - _Hemisus microscaphus_ - Lake Zwei Shovelnose Frog <small>(Laurent, 1972)</small>
    - _Hemisus olivaceus_ - Olive Shovelnose Frog <small>(Laurent, 1963)</small>
    - _Hemisus perreti_ - Perret's Shovelnose Frog <small>(Laurent, 1972)</small>
    - _Hemisus wittei_ - Witte's Shovelnose Frog <small>(Laurent, 1963)</small>

## References

- Amphibian Species of the World: _Hemisus_