Hosni Mubarak

**Muhammad Hosni Said Mubarak** (; 4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020), commonly known as **Hosni Mubarak** (), was an Egyptian politician. He served as President of Egypt from 14 October 1981 to 11 February 2011.

Mubarak became the vice-president of the Republic of Egypt after moving up the ranks of the Egyptian Air Force. Then he became the President after President Anwar Sadat was assassinated on 6 October 1981. His almost thirty-year presidency made him Egypt's longest-serving ruler since Muhammad Ali Pasha.

As President of Egypt, Mubarak is thought to have been one of the most powerful leaders in the region. Under the 1971 Constitution of Egypt, Mubarak exercised strong control over the country and was generally considered a dictator. In 2005, he called an election and easily won it. Many opponents believed Mubarak changed the election results so he could win.

In early 2011, during the Arab Spring, there were huge protests against his government. In the end, Mubarak resigned and handed over power to the armed forces. It is hoped that elections later that year for a new government. On 2 June 2012, Mubarak was sentenced to life imprisonment for ordering the shooting of protesters in the revolution that ousted him.

On 13 January 2013, Egypt's Court of Cassation overturned Mubarak's sentence and ordered a retrial. On retrial, Mubarak and his sons were convicted on 9 May 2015 of corruption and given prison sentences. Mubarak was detained in a military hospital and his sons were freed 12 October 2015 by a Cairo court.

He was acquitted on 2 March 2017 by the Court of Cassation and released on 24 March 2017.

He died on 25 February 2020 at a Cairo hospital after having surgery, aged 91.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Hosni Mubarak
<small> حسني مبارك</small>
- **image**: Hosni_Mubarak_-_Official_Photo.JPG
- **caption**: Official portrait, 1985
- **office**: President of Egypt
- **primeminister**: Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin
Kamal Hassan Ali
Aly Lotfy Mahmoud
Atef Sedky
Kamal Ganzouri
Atef Ebeid
Ahmed Nazif
Ahmed Shafik
- **vicepresident**: Omar Suleiman
- **term start**: 14 October 1981
- **term end**: 11 February 2011
- **predecessor**: Sufi Abu Taleb <small>(Acting)</small>
- **successor**: Mohamed Hussein Tantawi <small>(acting)</small>
Mohamed Morsi
- **office1**: Prime Minister of Egypt
- **president1**: Sufi Abu Taleb <small>(Acting)</small>
- **term start1**: 7 October 1981
- **term end1**: 2 January 1982
- **predecessor1**: Anwar El Sadat
- **successor1**: Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin
- **office2**: Vice President of Egypt
- **president2**: Anwar El Sadat
- **term start2**: 16 April 1975
- **term end2**: 14 October 1981
- **predecessor2**: Hussein el-Shafei
- **successor2**: Omar Suleiman
- **office3**: Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement
- **term start3**: 16 July 2009
- **term end3**: 11 February 2011
- **predecessor3**: Raúl Castro
- **successor3**: Mohamed Hussein Tantawi <small>(Acting)</small>
- **office4**: Commander of the Egyptian Air Force, Air Force
- **president4**: Anwar El Sadat
- **term start4**: 23 April 1972
- **term end4**: 16 April 1975
- **predecessor4**: Ali Mustafa Baghdady
- **successor4**: Mahmoud Shaker
- **office5**: Director of the Egyptian Air Academy
- **term start5**: 1967
- **term end5**: 1969
- **predecessor5**: Yahia Saleh Al-Aidaros
- **successor5**: Mahmoud Shaker
- **birth place**: Monufia Governorate, Kafr-El Meselha, Kingdom of Egypt
- **death place**: Cairo, Egypt
- **party**: National Democratic Party (Egypt), National Democratic Party <small>(1978-2011)</small>
- **signature**: Hosni Mubarak Signature.svg
- **footnotes**: a. Office vacant from 14 October 1981 to 29 January 2011
b. as Chairman of the Egyptian Armed Forces, Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
c. c. military rank withdrawn after trial
- **allegiance**:  Egypt
- **branch**:  Egyptian Air Force
- **rank**: Air Chief Marshal
- **serviceyears**: 1950–1975
- **commands**: Cairo West Air Base
Beni Suef Air Base
Egyptian Air Academy
Egyptian Air Force