juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Minecraft Multiplayer Fun

"**Minecraft Multiplayer Fun**" is a video made by Felix Kjellberg. He put it on his YouTube channel (named PewDiePie) on 2 October 2010. It is the oldest video on his channel that people can still watch. The video shows Kjellberg and his friend playing the video game _Minecraft_.

## History

Kjellberg made his YouTube channel on 29 April 2010. He made one before, called PewDie, but he forgot the password to it. The first video he put on the old channel was a different video about _Minecraft_. He removed the video and does not have it again. "Minecraft Multiplayer Fun" has been said by some mass media to be the first video Kjellberg put on the newer channel. Kjellberg said he was "so shy back then". He said that sitting in a room and talking to a microphone was "so weird".

The video was put on his channel on 2 October 2010. It is the oldest video on his channel that people can watch. The video has Kjellberg and his friend Xebaz talking in Swedish and English. The next videos he put on his channel are all in English.

## Reception

As of April 2021, "Minecraft Multiplayer Fun" has been seen more than 18 million times. _Business Insider_ said that the video helped Kjellberg become a "huge YouTube star" (celebrity). _The New York Observer_ put the video in their list of the "10 most important videos in YouTube history".

## Infobox (film)

- **italic title**: no
- **starring**: PewDiePie, Xebaz
- **released**: 2 October 2010
- **country**: Sweden
- **language**: Swedish language, Swedish, English
A High Wind in Jamaica (movie)

***A High Wind in Jamaica*** is a 1965 British adventure movie directed by Alexander Mackendrick and was based on the 1929 novel of the same name by Richard Hughes. It stars Anthony Quinn, James Coburn, Deborah Baxter, Dennis Price, Lila Kedrova, Nigel Davenport, Isabel Dean, Trader Faulkner, Gert Fröbe and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Western Ghats

The **Western Ghats** is a mountain range in India. It is also called, "Sahyadri." The Western Ghats run north to south. It is about  long, by  wide. It is between the Deccan Plateau and the Arabian Sea. The Western Ghats have mountains, hills, and plateaus. The tallest mountain in the Western Ghats is called Anai Mudi. Anai Mudi is 2,695 m tall.

The Western Ghats are a biodiversity hot spot. A biodiversity hot spot is a place with many plants and animals. Some of the plants and animals only live in one place. Also, a biodiversity hot spot is in danger because of human activities. This hurts the plants and animals that live there. So, the Western Ghats are important for plants and animals, but there are also many humans there too. The Western Ghats have 17% of the world's tigers. The Western Ghats have 30% of the world's elephants.

There are three important rivers that start in the Western Ghats. The Krishna, Godavari, and Kaveri rivers all have their source in the Western Ghats.

The Western Ghats have monsoons. Monsoons are seasonal storms. Monsoons cause flooding.
Betania tree frog

The **Betania tree frog** (_Dendropsophus pelidna_) is a frog that lives in the Andes Mountains in Venezuela. Scientists have seen it between 1200 and 2400 meters above sea level.
The Pawnbroker

***The Pawnbroker*** is a 1964 American psychological drama movie directed by Sidney Lumet and was based on the 1961 novel of the same name by Edward Lewis Wallant. It stars Rod Steiger (in his Oscar nominated role), Geraldine Fitzgerald, Brock Peters, Thelma Oliver, Jaime Sánchez, Juano Hernández and was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Black Monday (1987)

**Black Monday** is the name commonly attached to the global, sudden and largely unexpected stock market crash on October 19, 1987. In Australia and New Zealand it is called _Black Tuesday_ because of time zone differences from the United States.

All the twenty-three major world markets had sharp declines in October 1987. Under the United States dollar, eight markets declined by 20% to 29%, three by 30% to 39% (Malaysia, Mexico and New Zealand and another three by 40% or more (Australia, Hong Kong and Singapore).

It was the sharpest market downturn in the United States since the Great Depression.

This Black Monday was called the worst in history at the time.

Circuit breakers were put up for stopping another 1987-like crash. It took two years for the Dow Jones to recover.
Pamela Melroy

**Pamela Ann Melroy** (born September 17, 1961) is a retired United States Air Force officer and a former NASA astronaut. She was the Deputy Administrator of NASA from 2021 until 2025 during the Joe Biden administration. She served as pilot on Space Shuttle missions STS-92 and STS-112 and commanded mission STS-120 before leaving the agency in August 2009.

Melroy will be inducted into the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex.

## Infobox (astronaut)

- **child**: yes
- **type**: NASA astronaut
- **selection**: NASA Astronaut Group 15, NASA Group 15 (1994)
- **time**: 38d 20h 6m
- **mission**: STS-92
STS-112
STS-120
- **insignia**:


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Pamela Melroy
- **image**: NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy Official Portrait (NHQ202303020038).jpeg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2023
- **office**: 15th List of Administrators and Deputy Administrators of NASA, Deputy Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- **president**: Joe Biden
- **term start**: June 21, 2021
- **term end**: January 20, 2025
- **predecessor**: James Morhard
- **successor**: Matthew P. Anderson (nominee)
- **birth name**: Pamela Ann Melroy
- **birth place**: Palo Alto, California, U.S.
- **education**: Wellesley College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Master of Science, MS)
Bella Hadid

**Isabella Khair Hadid** (born October 9, 1996) is an American supermodel. She has appeared on 35 international _Vogue_ covers. In 2022, the British Fashion Council named her Model of the Year, and in 2023, _Time_ magazine included her in its list of the 100 most influential people in the world.

## Infobox (model)

- **name**: Bella Hadid
- **image**: Bella Hadid Cannes 2018 (cropped) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Hadid in 2018
- **birth name**: Isabella Khair Hadid
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **occupation**: Model
- **years active**: 2012–present
- **haircolor**: Brown (artificial)
Blonde (natural)
- **eyecolor**: Blue-green
- **agency**: IMG Models
- **native name**: بيلا حديد
Patricia Healey

**Patricia Healey** (1 January 1936, Dorset – 5 February 2021, Los Angeles) was a British singer and actress.

## Biography

She appeared in the UK films The White Bus (1967), Wuthering Heights (1968) and in the R3 television show between 1963 and 1964. Her last appearance was in the 1994 television mini-series Middlemarch.

She was married to singer Engelbert Humperdinck.

Healey, who had Alzheimer's disease, died on 5 February 2021 at 85, due to complications from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in California.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Patricia Healey
- **birth date**: 1 January 1936
- **birth place**: Dorset, England
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California
- **nationality**: British
- **occupation**: singer and actress
Gigi Hadid

**Jelena Noura Hadid** (born April 23, 1995), also known as **Gigi Hadid**, is an American supermodel and television personality. In November 2014, Hadid made her debut in the Top 50 Models ranking at Models.com. She has appeared on the covers of international _Vogue_ at least 50 times. Models.com ranks her among the "New Supers." Since 2017, Hadid has been one of the world's highest-paid models, earning $20 million.

Hadid was born in Los Angeles. She began her modeling career as a child for Baby Guess. In 2013, she signed with IMG Models and made her New York Fashion Week debut the following year. She has appeared in numerous high fashion campaigns and editorials, and serves as a spokesmodel for Maybelline.

## Infobox (model)

- **name**: Gigi Hadid
- **image**: Gigi Hadid for Rabanne.png
- **caption**: Hadid in 2024
- **birth name**: Jelena Noura Hadid
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **education**: Malibu High School
- **years active**: 1997–present
- **children**: 1 child, 1 potential stepchild
- **haircolor**: Blonde
- **eyecolor**: Blue-green
- **agency**: IMG Models (New York)
Allstate

The **Allstate Corporation** is an American insurance company, headquartered in Northfield Township, Illinois.

Allstate is a large corporation, it ranked 79th in the 2019 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total income.

## History

The idea for Allstate Insurance Company came during a bridge game in 1930. Insurance broker Carl L. Odell proposed to Wood, his neighbor, the idea of selling auto insurance by direct mail. _Allstate Insurance Company_, named after Sears’ tire brand, went into business on April 17, 1931, offering auto insurance by direct mail and through the Sears catalog.

In 1934, Allstate opened its first sales office in a Chicago Sears store.

Allstate added products throughout the 1950s, including fire insurance in 1954 and homeowners and life insurance in 1957.

Allstate began selling insurance to Canadians in 1953. Allstate Insurance Company of Canada was registered in 1964.

In 1991, the company went public before becoming completely independent in 1995.

In 1996, their website www.allstate.com was launched.

In 2012 _Allstate Solutions Private Limited_ (also called Allstate India) was opened in Bangalore which is a technology and operations centre to provides software development and business process outsourcing services to its US parent.

In 2018 — 2019, Allstate collaborated with Red Cross helped in liquidation of consequences of natural disasters in Hawaii and California.

In July 2020, Allstate announced bought of company National General Insurance for $4 billion.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: The Allstate Corporation
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **industry**: Insurance
- **location**: Northbrook, Illinois, U.S.
- **key people**: Thomas J. Wilson

- **num employees**: 45,780
- **parent**: Sears <small>(1931–1995)</small>
- **subsid**: Encompass Insurance Company
Esurance
SquareTrade
Allstate India
Allstate Northern Ireland
National General Insurance
André Benoît François Hyacinthe Le Berthon

**André Benoît François Hyacinthe Le Berthon** was a French politician. He was born on January 7, 1713 in Bordeaux (Gironde) and died April 17, 1800 in Paris.

He was the first president of the Parliament of Bordeaux on the death of his father in August 1766.

Simon-Antoine Delphin de Lamothe, admitted to the Parliament of Bordeaux at the age of 18. The pleasure of munching on his colleagues from the Palace arouses strong protests to bring the first President André-Benoît-François-Hyacinthe Le Berthon to intervene.

He was received at the Bordeaux Masonic Lodge La Française in 1773 and was its perpetual venerable from 1779.

In August 1787, the Parliament of Bordeaux, having taken up the defense of the tax-burdened people, was again exiled to Libourne. King Louis XVI again fearing riots agreed to return to Parliament in August 1788.

He was a member of the nobility at the Estates General of 1789, showing himself open to reforms.
Hardly Working

***Hardly Working*** is a 1980 American comedy movie directed by Jerry Lewis (who also stars) and also starring Susan Oliver, Roger C. Carmel, Deanna Lund, Harold J. Stone, Steve Franken, Buddy Lester, Leonard Stone.
Heinz

The **H. J. Heinz Company** is an American food processing company headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## History

Heinz was founded by and is named for Henry J. Heinz, who was born in the United States to German immigrants.

Henry J. Heinz began packing food at Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1869. There he founded Heinz Noble & Company with a friend, L. Clarence Noble, and began marketing horseradish.

The company went bankrupt in 1875. The following year Heinz founded another company, F & J Heinz, with his brother John Heinz and a cousin, Frederick Heinz. One of this company's first products was Heinz Tomato Ketchup.

In 1888, Heinz bought out his two partners and reorganized the company as the H. J. Heinz Company.

In 1905, H. J. Heinz was registered, and Heinz became its first president, holding that position for the rest of his life. Under his leadership, the company pioneered processes for sanitary food preparation.

In 1930, Howard Heinz, son of Henry Heinz, helped to fight the downturn of the Great Depression by selling ready-to-serve soups and baby food. They became top sellers.

During World War II, Heinz helped the UK with food shortages. In the postwar years, factories of the company were built in other countries.

In 2001, Heinz bought the pasta sauce, dry bouillon and soup business of Borden Foods.

On February 14, 2013, it was announced that Heinz will be bought by Berkshire Hathaway and 3G Capital for $23 billion. Berkshire Hathaway and 3G would each own half of Heinz, with 3G manage the company. The acquisition was completed in June of that year.

On October 25, 2013, fast-food chain McDonald's announced it would end its 40-year relationship with Heinz, after the former Burger King chief Hees became its CEO.

On March 25, 2015, Kraft Foods Group Inc. announced that it would merge with the H. J. Heinz Company, owned by 3G Capital and Berkshire Hathaway Inc., to form the world's fifth-largest food and beverage company. The companies completed the merger on July 2, 2015.

## Products

The company produces beans, dressings, pastas, sauces, soups.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: H. J. Heinz Company
- **logo**: Heinz logo.svg
- **type**: Division (business), Division
- **industry**: Food processing
- **foundation**: (as Heinz Noble & Company)
Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania, Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.
 (as Healthy Inc.)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **founder**: Henry J. Heinz
- **location city**: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **products**: Sauces, condiments
- **parent**: Kraft Heinz
Alain Chastagnol

Alain Chastagnol, born February 15, 1945 in Paris, died January 15, 2010 in the same city, is a media manager and a French politician, deputy mayor of Souillac.

he was in charge of mission in Seychelles for the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs then chief of staff at the Ministry of Foreign Trade.

In 1977, at the age of 32, he took the previously communist town hall of Souillac, and remained so until 2008. As such, he supported the development of the Souillac jazz festival, he participated in access to the A20 motorway ( France) with Jacques Chirac, and the creation of the Souillac exit, the Brive-Souillac Airport project. He sometimes stays in Paris, sometimes in his house in Calès.

Elected deputy of Lot (RPR) from March 1986 to May 1988, he was also general councilor of the Lot from 1985 to 2004 and regional councilor of Midi-Pyrénées from 1992 to 1998.

Among his friendly relations he counted Philippine de Rothschild. He organized the twinning of the town of Souillac with the village of Souillac in Mauritius.

In 2005, Alain Chastagnol, mayor of the city, receives from the hands of Jean-Louis Debré, the Marianne d'Or 2005. The national competition of “Marianne d'Or” rewards each year action, creativity, rigor, dedication and passion for local democracy in villages and towns in France.

In 2007, he was made an officer of the Legion of Honor.

It will take 6 years to see a UMP mayor win the municipal elections of Souillac in the person of Jean-Michel Sanfourche. An absolute majority obtained in the first round against three other candidates that only Alain Chastagnol had managed to obtain with a similar score in 1977, during his first election

In 2015, the municipality of Jean-Michel Sanfourche, honors the one who was mayor of the city Alain-Chastagnol, with an esplanade.
Mysore curse

The **Mysore curse** is a legend about the kings of the Mysore Kingdom, a princely state that ruled what is now Karnataka, which is today in India. The Mysore state was ruled by the Wodeyars or Wadiyars. The queen of the Vijayanagara dynasty, Alamelamma, wife of King Tirumalaraja, put the curse on them.

When the Mysore state took over the Vijayanagara empire in 1612, Queen Alamelamma of the Vijayanagara Empire tried to run away with some treasure that belonged to her but was stolen by the Mysore army during the invasion. When she escaped, The Mysore king ordered the soldiers to catch her. She jumped into a river and before committing suicide, shouted the curse: "_May_ _the land at Talakadu would be barren, May the river at Malangi turn into a whirlpool and may the Mysore kings never beget children_."

Since then, Talakadu has been buried underneath sand dunes, with only some areas successfully excavated. The Kaveri river at Malangi always turns into a whirlpool and the Mysore kings had male children only once every two generations. Many Mysore kings and queens have adopted children, for example nephews or cousins. An attempt was made to ward off the curse by installing an idol of Alamelamma in the Mysore Palace premises.

In 2017, The current ruler, Yaduveer Krishnadatta Chamaraja Wodeyar and his queen wife, Trishikha Kumari, gave birth to a healthy baby boy. The heir, Aadyaveer Narasimharaja Wadiyar, was greatly anticipated by the public as it was believed that Aadyaveer will end the 400-year old curse.
Post box

A **post box**, also known as **pillar box**, also known as a **collection box**, mailbox, letter box or drop box (American English) is a box where people can put mail for sending. The mail is collected by the agents of the postal service.

The term post box can also refer to a private letter box for incoming mail.
Savoonga Airport

**Savoonga Airport**  is an airport in Savoonga, Alaska.

## Infobox (airport)

- **name**: Savoonga Airport
- **iata**: SVA
- **icao**: PASA
- **faa**: SVA
- **type**: Public
- **owner**: Alaska DOT&PF - Northern Region
- **city-served**: Savoonga, Alaska
- **elevation-f**: 53
- **elevation-m**: 16
- **pushpin map**: USA Alaska
- **pushpin mapsize**: 250
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of airport in Alaska
- **pushpin label**: **SVA**
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **r1-number**: 5/23
- **r1-length-f**: 4,400
- **r1-length-m**: 1,341
- **r1-surface**: Gravel
- **footnotes**: Source: Federal Aviation Administration
Videodrome

***Videodrome*** is a 1983 Canadian American science fiction horror movie directed by David Cronenberg and starring James Woods, Debbie Harry, Sonja Smits, Leslie Carlson, Jack Creley. It was distributed by Universal Pictures and is a cult classic.
Užice

**Užice** is a town in Serbia. As of 2011, its population was 59,747.
Visiting Hours

***Visiting Hours*** is a 1982 Canadian horror movie directed by Jean-Claude Lord and starring Lee Grant, Michael Ironside, Linda Purl, William Shatner, Harvey Atkin, Lenore Zann. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Mobile game

A **mobile game** is a video game designed to be played on mobile phones or tablets. The first game ever played on a mobile phone was a version of _Tetris_, which was available on the Hagenuk MT-2000 device in 1994.

In 1997, Nokia introduced a game called _Snake_. It was already installed on many Nokia mobile devices and has become one of the most popular games. The Nokia 6110 had a version of _Snake_ that allowed two players to play using the infrared port, making it the first of many two-player games for mobile phones.

Nowadays, mobile games are typically downloaded from an app store. However, there are also instances where games come pre-installed on handheld devices by the manufacturer or mobile operator. This can be done through an infrared connection, Bluetooth, memory card, or by directly transferring the game to the device using a cable.

Examples of popular mobile games include Angry Birds, Candy Crush, COC, Clash Royale, Roblox, Subway Surfers, Talking Tom and Temple Run (written in ABC order).
Fauna of Australia

The **fauna of Australia** is different from that of Asia. Some 83% of mammals, 89% of reptiles, 90% of fish and insects and 93% of amphibians that inhabit the continent are _endemic to Australia_.

The fauna is quite different from that of New Zealand, but is similar to that of New Guinea. That comes about because New Zealand is a volcanic oceanic island with no historical connection with Australia. Its animals have not come from Australia. On the other hand, New Guinea is an island on the same continental plate as Australia, and on the same side of the Wallace line. This was discovered by Alfred Russel Wallace, and explained in a famous series of books. These two huge islands were both part  of the ancient continent of Gondwana, and were not (until modern times) inhabited by animals from Asia. As Gondwana broke up, its two main pieces had marsupial mammals. Eutherian mammals had not arrived from Eurasia.

This high level of endemism is explained by the continent's long geographic isolation and its tectonic stability (few earthquakes, volcanoes and recent mountain formations). Australia has few placental mammals. Marsupials occupy many of the ecological niches which placental animals occupy elsewhere in the world.
Marsupials are a group of mammals that raise their young in a pouch, including the macropods, possums and dasyuromorphs.

Australia is home to two of the five known species of monotremes and has numerous venomous species, which include the platypus, spiders, scorpions, octopus, jellyfish, molluscs, stonefish, and stingrays. Uniquely, Australia has more venomous than non-venomous species of snakes.

The settlement of Australia by Indigenous Australians was between 48,000 and 70,000 years ago. Research in 2011 using DNA suggested an arrival around 50,000 years ago. Europeans came from 1788, and significantly affected the fauna. Hunting, the introduction of non-native species, and land-management practices involving the modification or destruction of habitats have led to many extinctions. Some historical examples include the paradise parrot, pig-footed bandicoot and the broad-faced potoroo. Unsustainable land use still threatens the survival of many species. To protect the survival of its fauna, Australia has passed wide-ranging federal and state legislation and established protected areas.
National Lampoon's Class Reunion

***National Lampoon's Class Reunion*** is a 1982 American horror comedy movie directed by Michael Miller and starring Gerrit Graham, Michael Lerner, Misty Rowe, Blackie Dammett, Fred McCarren, Miriam Flynn, Stephen Furst, Mews Small, Randy Powell, Zane Buzby. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
The Chosen (1981 movie)

***The Chosen*** is a 1981 American drama movie directed by Jeremy Kagan and was based on the novel of the same name by Chaim Potok. It stars Rod Steiger, Maximilian Schell, Robby Benson, Barry Miller, Ron Rifkin, Lonny Price, Jeff Marcus, John Pankow and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah

**Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah** (1565 – 11 January 1612) was a chodunandan ghasiram type sultan who built tajmahal in Agra. He was an able administrator and his reign is considered one of the high points of the Qutb Shahi dynasty. He ascended to the throne in 1580 at the age of 15 and ruled for 31 years.
Mausoleum of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah in Hyderabad.

## Birth, early life and personal life

Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was the third son of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali and Bhagirathi. He was an accomplished poet and wrote his poetry in Persian, Telugu and Urdu. As the first author in the Urdu language, he composed his verses in the Persian _diwan_ style, and his poems consisted of verses relating to a single topic, _gazal-i musalsal_. Muhammad Quli's _Kulliyat_ comprised 1800 pages, over half were _gazals_, _qasidas_ on one hundred pages, while the rest contained over 300 pages of _matnawi_ and _marsiyas._
Charminar in Hyderabad was built by Quli Qutub Shah

## City of Hyderabad

Muhammad Quli built the city of Hyderabad on the southern bank of the Musi River in 1591. He called architects from all around the world to lay out the city, which was built on a grid plan. The city was named in the remembrance of 4th Caliph of Islam or 1st Imam of Shia Muslim Ali Ibne Abi Talib. He constructed Char Minar and Makkah Masjid. He was the one who laid foundation stone of Makkah Masjid after checking that there was no one in the crowd who never skipped a single prayer except him.

## Patronage of literature

Quli Qutb Shah was a scholar of Arabic, Persian and Telugu languages. He wrote poetry in Urdu, Persian, and Telugu. His poetry has been compiled into a volume entitled "Kulliyat-e-Quli Qutub Shah." He had the distinction of being the first _Saheb-e-dewan_ Urdu poet and is credited with introducing a new sensibility into prevailing genres of Persian/Urdu poetry.
Greensleeves

**Greensleeves** is a song from the 1500s.  People say King Henry VIII wrote it about Anne Boleyn, but that is probably not true. Greensleeves is in minor key.  Its verses have a (CESH) pattern, and it has a major key chorus. Ending traditionally Tierce de Picardie.

The Christmas song "What Child Is This?" is sung to the same music as "Greensleeves" but the words are different.
The Strange Love of Martha Ivers

***The Strange Love of Martha Ivers*** is a 1946 American crime drama movie directed by Lewis Milestone and was based on the short story _Love Lies Bleeding_ by John Patrick. It stars Kirk Douglas (in his movie debut), Barbara Stanwyck, Van Heflin, Lizabeth Scott, Darryl Hickman, Janis Wilson, Judith Anderson, Frank Orth, Blake Edwards and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1947.
Iryna Madziy

**Iryna Madziy** (; 12 March 1970 – 11 April 2021) was a Ukrainian journalist and editor. She was a member of the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine (2007).

Madziy died in Borshchiv on 11 April 2021, aged 51.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Iryna Bohdanivna Madziy
- **birth place**: Kostanay Region, Kazakh SSR
- **death place**: Borshchiv, Ukraine
- **nationality**: Ukrainian
- **occupation**: Journalist
Crete, Nebraska

**Crete** is a city in Saline County, Nebraska.
Geleen

**Geleen** is a city in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2020, 31,670 people lived there.

Since 2001, it is part of the new municipality of Sittard-Geleen.
Zhuang

**Zhuang** may refer to:

- Zhuang people (or Bouxcuengh people), ethnic group in China
- Zhuang languages
- Zhuang logogram
- Zhuang Zhou, ancient Chinese philosopher
- Zhuang (surname) (庄/莊), a Chinese surname
A Separation

***A Separation*** (, meaning _The Separation of Nader from Simin_) is a 2011 Iranian French Australian drama movie directed by Asghar Farhadi and starring Leila Hatami, Peyman Moaadi, Sarina Farhadi, Ali-Asghar Shahbazi, Sareh Bayat, Shahab Hosseini, Babak Karimi. It was nominated for 2 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 2012.
The Greeks Had a Word for Them

***The Greeks Had a Word for Them*** is a 1932 American comedy movie directed by Lowell Sherman and is based on the play _The Greeks Had a Word for It_ by Zoe Akins. It stars Joan Blondell, Madge Evans, Ina Claire, David Manners, Lowell Sherman, Phillips Smalley, Sidney Bracey, Louise Beavers, Wilson Benge, Ward Bond and was distributed by United Artists.
Movement for Socialism (Bolivia)

The **Movement for Socialism–Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples** (, abbreviated **MAS-IPSP**, or simply **MAS**), alternately referred to as the **Movement Toward Socialism** or the **Movement to Socialism** ( ), is a Bolivian left-wing populist and indigenist political party led by Evo Morales, founded in 1998. Its followers are known as _Masistas_.
Castex-d'Armagnac

**Castex-d'Armagnac** is a commune in the Gers department. It is in southwestern France.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Gers department

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Castex-d'Armagnac
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mairie de Castex d'Armagnac et église Saint-Cane.JPG
- **arrondissement**: Condom
- **canton**: Grand-Bas-Armagnac
- **insee**: 32087
- **postal code**: 32240
- **mayor**: Christian Dupouy
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Grand Armagnac
- **elevation m**: 117
- **elevation min m**: 65
- **elevation max m**: 124
- **area km2**: 12.26
Michel Mongeau

**Michel Mongeau** (February 9, 1965 – May 22, 2010) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Mongeau was born in Nuns' Island, Quebec.

## Biography

As a youth, Mongeau played in the 1977 and 1978 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with a minor ice hockey team from Verdun, Quebec.

He played 54 games in the National Hockey League: 50 with the St. Louis Blues and four with the Tampa Bay Lightning. He died May 22, 2010 from cancer.

### Regular season and playoffs

|colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Regular season|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Playoffs||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1982–83|Laval Voisins|QMJHL|24|4|6|10|2|5|1|0|1|0|
|1983–84|Laval Voisins|QMJHL|60|45|49|94|30|10|4|5|9|2|
|1984–85|Laval Voisins|QMJHL|67|60|84|144|56|—|—|—|—|—|
|1985–86|Laval Titan|QMJHL|72|71|109|180|45|14|14|20|34|12|
|1986–87|Saginaw Generals|IHL|76|42|53|95|34|10|3|6|9|10|
|1988–89|Flint Spirits|IHL|82|41|76|117|57|—|—|—|—|—|
|1989–90|Peoria Rivermen|IHL|73|39|78|117|53|5|3|4|7|6|
|1989–90|St. Louis Blues|NHL|7|1|5|6|2|2|0|1|1|0|
|1990–91|Peoria Rivermen|IHL|73|41|65|106|114|19|10|16|26|32|
|1990–91|St. Louis Blues|NHL|7|1|1|2|0|—|—|—|—|—|
|1991–92|Peoria Rivermen|IHL|32|21|34|55|77|10|5|14|19|8|
|1991–92|St. Louis Blues|NHL|36|3|12|15|6|—|—|—|—|—|
|1992–93|Halifax Citadels|AHL|22|13|18|31|10|—|—|—|—|—|
|1992–93|Milwaukee Admirals|IHL|45|24|41|65|69|4|1|4|5|4|
|1992–93|Tampa Bay Lightning|NHL|4|1|1|2|2|—|—|—|—|—|
|1993–94|Peoria Rivermen|IHL|52|29|36|65|50|—|—|—|—|—|
|1993–94|Cornwall Aces|AHL|7|3|11|14|4|—|—|—|—|—|
|1994–95|Peoria Rivermen|IHL|74|30|52|82|72|—|—|—|—|—|
|1995–96|Peoria Rivermen|IHL|24|5|17|22|24|12|4|11|15|8|
|1996–97|Detroit Vipers|IHL|31|12|11|23|30|—|—|—|—|—|
|1996–97|Phoenix Roadrunners|IHL|16|4|10|14|8|—|—|—|—|—|
|1996–97|Milwaukee Admirals|IHL|31|6|19|25|29|2|0|1|1|2|
|1997–98|Quebec Rafales|IHL|34|5|12|17|18|—|—|—|—|—|
|1997–98|Manitoba Moose|IHL|43|12|22|34|24|3|0|1|1|6|
|1998–99|Asiago HC|Italy-A|10|9|5|14|27|—|—|—|—|—|

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 9
- **weight lb**: 165
- **birth place**: Nuns' Island, Quebec, Canada
- **death place**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **career start**: 1986
- **career end**: 2004
- **draft**: _Undrafted_
- **played for**: St. Louis Blues
Tampa Bay Lightning
Fernand Dupuy

**Fernand Dupuy** is a French politician.  He was born March 2, 1917 in Jumilhac-le-Grand in Dordogne and died June 15, 1999 in Limoges. He was a member of the French Communist Party. He was general councilor of the Seine, mayor of Choisy-le-Roi and deputy for the Seine and then for Val-de-Marne.

In 1948, he moved to Choisy-le-Roi to provide the secretariat for Maurice Thorez, a task he carried out until 1951, and from 1947 to 1964, he was part of the Central Committee of the PCF.

General councilor of the Seine from 1953 to 1967, mayor of Choisy-le-Roi from 1959 to 1979, he sat in the National Assembly as deputy for the Seine, then for Val-de-Marne, from 1962 to 1978.
Edmond Michelet

**Edmond Charles Octave Michelet** was a French politician, born October 8, 1899 in Paris 19th, and died October 9, 1970 in Brive-la-Gaillarde (Corrèze).

On June 17, 1940, he distributed leaflets in mailboxes in Brive denouncing the spirit of surrender and thus calling for the Resistance through a work by Charles Péguy, L'Argent, suite. He takes up a leaflet with a text by Péguy: "He who does not surrender is right against those who surrender".

People come into contact with Edmond Michelet, ensuring the distribution of the underground press, in particular Combat and the communist newspapers Germain Auboiroux, Robert Delord, Henry and his brother Édouard Valéry.

Leader of the Resistance Combat movement in Limousin (region R5) under the name of Duval, he was arrested on February 25, 1943 in Brive-la-Gaillarde by the Gestapo. Transferred to Fresnes where he was held in solitary confinement, he was deported in September 1943 to Dachau.

Elected deputy for Corrèze under the MRP label in 1945, Edmond Michelet became Minister of the Armies under General de Gaulle on November 21, 1945, a position he held until December 16, 1946. Reelected deputy in 1946 (Second National Constituent Assembly and National Assembly), he sat at the Palais-Bourbon but was defeated in 1951.

He was a senator for the Seine between 1952 and 1959 (vice-president of the Council of the Republic in 1958).

In 1963, at the request of General de Gaulle, he founded the France-Algeria Association. Edmond Michelet became Minister of State, in charge of the Civil Service, from April 6, 1967 to May 31, 1968 (Georges Pompidou IV government), then succeeded André Malraux as Minister of Cultural Affairs, from June 20, 1969 to his death (Jacques government Chaban-Delmas).

A fine connoisseur of Charles Péguy, he befriended the De Gaulle family, or the painter Marc Chagall. André Malraux said of him that he was “the chaplain of France”.

The solemn funeral for Edmond Michelet takes place in the Collegiate Church of Saint-Martin in Brive-la-Gaillarde, a mass will be concelebrated by eight priests, former deportees from the Dachau concentration camp. A speech by the Prime Minister, Jacques Chaban-Delmas. the burial took place, in accordance with the wishes of the deceased, in the chapel of Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix then in his deportee's habit from Dachau. Edmond Michelet had it built in 1959, a hundred meters from his house in Marcillac.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Edmond Michelet
- **office**: Ministry of Justice (France), French Minister of Justice
- **term start**: 8 January 1959
- **term end**: 24 August 1961
- **president**: Charles de Gaulle
- **primeminister**: Michel Debré
- **predecessor**: Michel Debré
- **successor**: Bernard Chenot
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Brive-la-Gaillarde, France
- **nationality**: France, French
- **image**: Edmond Michelet em visita ao Brasil (1960).tif
Francis Wathier

**Francis Wathier** (born December 7, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger.

Wathier was originally drafted by the Dallas Stars and played for their farm team the Texas Stars. He has had three stints with the Dallas Stars, playing in two games in October 2009, three games in February 2010, and one game in the 2011–12 season. In 2011, he was named an AHL All-Star and scored two goals for the Western Conference in an 11–8 loss to the Eastern Conference. On March 9, 2014, Wathier was traded to the Milwaukee Admirals. On October 21, 2014, Wathier was signed to a professional try-out by the Portland Pirates.

## Career statistics

|colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Regular season|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Playoffs||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2001–02|Hull Olympiques|QMJHL|63|1|3|4|68|12|1|2|3|30|
|2002–03|Hull Olympiques|QMJHL|72|9|18|27|143|12|1|2|3|30|
|2003–04|Gatineau Olympiques|QMJHL|51|9|16|25|127|15|0|2|2|23|
|2004–05|Gatineau Olympiques|QMJHL|67|15|20|35|96|10|0|2|2|8|
|2005–06|Iowa Stars|AHL|11|0|1|1|26|—|—|—|—|—|
|2006–07|Idaho Steelheads|ECHL|17|4|9|13|31|7|1|1|2|4|
|2006–07|Iowa Stars|AHL|57|14|3|17|78|12|0|4|4|25|
|2007–08|Iowa Stars|AHL|19|2|3|5|17|—|—|—|—|—|
|2008–09|Iowa Chops|AHL|77|6|10|16|127|—|—|—|—|—|
|2009–10|Texas Stars|AHL|76|19|21|40|101|24|2|6|8|18|
|2009–10|Dallas Stars|NHL|5|0|0|0|5|—|—|—|—|—|
|2010–11|Texas Stars|AHL|68|19|16|35|78|6|0|0|0|4|
|2010–11|Dallas Stars|NHL|3|0|0|0|0|—|—|—|—|—|
|2011–12|Texas Stars|AHL|75|18|24|42|94|—|—|—|—|—|
|2011–12|Dallas Stars|NHL|1|0|0|0|0|—|—|—|—|—|
|2012–13|Texas Stars|AHL|61|4|16|20|77|9|1|0|1|4|
|2012–13|Dallas Stars|NHL|1|0|0|0|0|—|—|—|—|—|
|2013–14|Texas Stars|AHL|48|5|4|9|41|—|—|—|—|—|
|2013–14|Milwaukee Admirals|AHL|17|4|7|11|25|3|0|0|0|6|
|2014–15|Portland Pirates|AHL|68|5|9|14|53|5|3|0|3|4|

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **league**: American Hockey League, AHL
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Left Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lb**: 225
- **birth place**: St. Isidore, Ontario, St. Isidore, Ontario, Canada
- **draft**: 185th overall
- **draft year**: 2003
- **draft team**: Dallas Stars
- **career start**: 2005
- **career end**: 2015
- **played for**: Dallas Stars
HD 100546

**HD 100546** or **KR Muscae** is a star.  It is a pre-main-sequence star.  It is 361.4 light-years away from the Earth.  In the night sky, it is in the constellation of Musca. It has one planet.  The planet is 6.5 AU away from HD 100546. The star has disks of dust and rocks around it.  One of these disks is 0.2 to 4 AU from the star and another is 13 AU out to a few hundred AU. Scientists think there might be a protoplanet between these two circumstellar disks, around 47 AU from the star.

Scientists believe this star is 10 million years old.

## Planetary system

The planetary system contains at least 3 members: "HD 100546 b" and a protoplanet forming in denser regions of the circumstellar disks (c).

### HD 100546 b

"HD 100546 b" or "KR Muscae b" is a large gas giant exoplanet or a sub-brown dwarf star orbiting HD 100546 6.5 AU away from its host star. HD 100546 b might be the largest exoplanet discovered because it is exactly 7.0560720927 times the diameter of Jupiter which is 986,580 km.

### Protoplanet

The Hubble Space Telescope observed a complex spiral pattern in the circumstellar disks. The young protoplanet designated "HD 100546" c or "KR Muscae C", is a possible exoplanet forming 47 AU away from the host star. It has the temperature of 227 K (or -46.15°C).
Moosach (Munich)

**Moosach** (<small>German pronunciation:</small> ; Central Bavarian: _Moosach,_ _Minga_) is a borough in Munich, Bavaria.
Olivier Michaud

**Olivier Léo Patrick Alexandre Michaud** (born September 14, 1983) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. He played one game for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL) during the 2001–02 season.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: File:Olivier Michaud.jpg
- **position**: Goaltender
- **catches**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 172
- **birth place**: Beloeil, Quebec, Canada
- **career start**: 2001
- **career end**: 2009
- **draft**: _Undrafted_
- **played for**: Montreal Canadiens
Sinop, Turkey

**Sinop** is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Karadeniz Region. In 2020, 65,489 people lived there.
Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol

***Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol*** is a 2011 American spy action movie directed by Brad Bird (in his live-action debut). The screenplay is written by Josh Appelbaum and André Nemec. It is the sequel to _Mission: Impossible III_ (2006) and the fourth movie in the _Mission: Impossible_ series. The movie was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

It stars Tom Cruise, Jeremy Renner, Simon Pegg and Paula Patton. The supporting cast includes Josh Holloway, Anil Kapoor, Michael Nyqvist, Vladimir Mashkov, Samuli Edelmann and Léa Seydoux.

Its sequel, _Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation_, was released in 2015.

## Cast

- Tom Cruise as Ethan Hunt: An agent of the Impossible Missions Force (IMF).
- Jeremy Renner as William Brandt: The IMF Secretary's aide and an intelligence analyst.
- Simon Pegg as Benji Dunn: A new IMF field agent and former IMF technician.
- Paula Patton as Jane Carter: An IMF agent and Hanaway's handler who works with Ethan.
- Michael Nyqvist as Kurt Hendricks: A Swedish-born Russian nuclear strategist codenamed "Cobalt".
- Vladimir Mashkov as Anatoly Sidorov: A Russian SVR Agent who is after Ethan.
- Léa Seydoux as Sabine Moreau: An assassin who worked for Hendricks in Dubai.
- Josh Holloway as Trevor Hanaway: An IMF agent murdered by Moreau.
- Anil Kapoor as Brij Nath: A media tycoon in Mumbai.
- Samuli Edelmann as Marius Wistrom: Hendrick's henchman.
- Ivan Shvedoff as Leonid Lisenker: A cryptography expert coerced by Hendricks.
- Miraj Grbić as Bogdan: An informant in a Moscow prison.
- Ilia Volok as The Fog: An arms dealer and Bogdan's cousin.
- Andreas Wisniewski as The Fog's contact. Wisniewski’s character originally appeared in _Mission: Impossible_ (1996), working for arms dealer Max.
- Tom Wilkinson (uncredited) as the IMF Secretary
- Ving Rhames (uncredited cameo) as Luther Stickell
- Michelle Monaghan (uncredited cameo) as Julia Meade-Hunt: Ethan's wife.

## Release

_Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol_ premiered at the Dubai International Film Festival on December 7, 2011. It was released in IMAX and select large-format theaters in the United States on December 16, with a general release on December 21.

## Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes, 93% of 253 reviews are positive. The average rating is 7.70/10. On Metacritic, the movie has a score of 73 out of 100 based on 47 critic reviews, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Mission: Impossible –
Ghost Protocol
- **director**: Brad Bird
- **cinematography**: Robert Elswit
- **editing**: Paul Hirsch (movie editor), Paul Hirsch
- **music**: Michael Giacchino
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
- **runtime**: 132 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $145 million
- **gross**: $694.7 million
Joakim Jensen

**Joakim Jensen** is a retired Norwegian professional ice hockey player who spent most of his career with Storhamar of the Norwegian GET-ligaen. Jensen scored the overtime game-winning goal against Sparta in the longest professional ice hockey game of all time, game 5 of the 2016–17 quarterfinals.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **played for**: Storhamar Dragons
Manglerud Star Ishockey, Manglerud Star
Baie-Comeau Drakkar
- **image**: Storhamar Dragons vs. Genève-Servette HC, 3rd September 2015 49.JPG
- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right winger
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 187
- **shoots**: Right
- **birth place**: Bærum, Norway
- **career start**: 2003
- **career end**: 2019
La Salle, Aosta Valley

**La Salle** is a _comune_ in the Aosta Valley region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: La Salle
- **official name**: Comune di La Salle
Commune de La Salle
- **image skyline**: La Salle & Le Mont Blanc.jpg
- **image shield**: La Salle (Italia)-Stemma.svg
- **frazioni**: Chabodey, Le Pont, La Clusaz, Croix-des-Prés, Écharlod, Chez Béneyton, Fenêtre, Charvaz, Moras, Chez-les-Rosset, Villair, Cré, Villaret, Derby, Chez-les-Gontier, Le Champ, Écours, Prarion, Moyes, Cottin, Chaffieron, Châtelard, Le Château, Beauregard, Villarisson, Remondey, Les Places, Chaffiéry, Arbétey, Chez-les-Baud, Chez-les-Émonet, Beillardey, Cheverel, Challancin, Grassey, Morge, Planaval, Piginière, Chez-Borgne
- **mayor**: Loris Salice
- **area total km2**: 83.94
- **population total**: 1993
- **population as of**: 31 August 2020
- **population demonym**: Sallereins
- **elevation m**: 1001
- **saint**: Cassian of Imola
- **day**: August 13
- **postal code**: 11015
- **area code**: 0165
- **istat**: 7040
La Thuile, Aosta Valley

**La Thuile** is a _comune_ in the Aosta Valley region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: La Thuile
- **official name**: Comune di La Thuile
Commune de La Thuile
- **image skyline**: Panorama La Thuile da Chaz Dura.jpg
- **image shield**: Blason ville It La Thuile (AO).svg
- **shield size**: 75px
- **frazioni**: Buic, Thovex, Moulin, Villaret, Bathieu, Entrèves, Petite Golette, Grande Golette, Pont Serrand, Arly, Les Granges, La Joux, Pierre-carrée, Preyllon, Les Suches, Petit-Saint-Bernard, Petosan, Faubourg, Preylet
- **mayor**: Mathieu Martinet Ferraris
- **area total km2**: 125.67
- **population total**: 822
- **population as of**: 31 August 2020
- **population demonym**: Thuileins
- **elevation m**: 1450
- **saint**: Saint Nicholas
- **day**: 9 May
- **postal code**: 11016
- **area code**: 0165
- **istat**: 7041
Lillianes

**Lillianes** is a _comune_ in the Aosta Valley region in Italy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Lillianes
- **official name**: Comune di Lillianes
Commune de Lillianes
- **image skyline**: Bourg de Lillianes AO.JPG
- **image shield**: Blason ville It Lillianes (AO).svg
- **shield size**: 75px
- **frazioni**: Chessun, Chessun Vieux, Chichal, Praz, Rouby, Fey, They, Court, Foby, Tournoun, Suc, Lazé, Bonnesheures, Barmetta, Barbiaz, Salé, Las, Toux, Coeurtes, Fangeas, Vérigoz, Mattet, Costey, Parte-Joux, Grange, Choulére, Moler, Tetoun, Sassa, Moliné, Pines, Sénéchaz, Russy, Vallomy, Montcervier, Rive, Piatta, Pérapianaz, Traversagn, Duzeré, Mirioux, Verfey, Riasseu, Berlechuz, Couleura
- **mayor**: Daniele De Giorgis
- **area total km2**: 18.55
- **population total**: 446
- **population as of**: 31 August 2020
- **population demonym**: Lillinois
- **elevation m**: 667
- **saint**: Saint Roch
- **day**: 16 August
- **postal code**: 11020
- **area code**: 0125
- **istat**: 7042
Normand Cournoyer

**Normand Cournoyer** (born March 17, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player.

During the 1973–74 season, Cournoyer played 13 games with the Cleveland Crusaders, and during the 1976–77 season he played 19 games with the San Diego Mariners, both of the World Hockey Association.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Normand Cournoyer
- **image size**: 225px
- **played for**: ***World Hockey Association, WHA***
Cleveland Crusaders
San Diego Mariners
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 170
- **birth place**: Drummondville, Quebec, Canada
- **draft**: Undrafted
- **career start**: 1971
- **career end**: 1978
D (musical note)

**D** or **Re** is the first note of the D major scale.

|Scientific designation|Helmholtz designation|Octave name|Frequency (Hz)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|D<sub>−1</sub>|D͵͵͵ or ͵͵͵D  or DDDD|Subsubcontra||
|D<sub>0</sub>|D͵͵ or ͵͵D or DDD|Subcontra||
|D<sub>1</sub>|D͵ or ͵D or DD|Contra||
|D<sub>2</sub>|D|Great||
|D<sub>3</sub>|d|Small||
|D<sub>4</sub>|d′|One-lined||
|D<sub>5</sub>|d′′|Two-lined||
|D<sub>6</sub>|d′′′|Three-lined||
|D<sub>7</sub>|d′′′′|Four-lined||
|D<sub>8</sub>|d′′′′′|Five-lined||
|D<sub>9</sub>|d′′′′′′|Six-lined||
|D<sub>10</sub>|d′′′′′′′|Seven-lined||
B (musical note)

**B**, **Tsi**, **Ti** or **Si** is a musical note and is the first note of the B major scale.

## Designation by octave

|Scientific designation|Helmholtz designation|Octave name|Frequency (Hz)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|B<sub>−1</sub>|B͵͵͵ or ͵͵͵B or BBBB|Subsubcontra||
|B<sub>0</sub>|B͵͵ or ͵͵B or BBB|Subcontra||
|B<sub>1</sub>|B͵ or ͵B or BB|Contra||
|B<sub>2</sub>|B|Great||
|B<sub>3</sub>|b|Small||
|B<sub>4</sub>|b′|One-lined||
|B<sub>5</sub>|b′′|Two-lined||
|B<sub>6</sub>|b′′′|Three-lined||
|B<sub>7</sub>|b′′′′|Four-lined||
|B<sub>8</sub>|b′′′′′|Five-lined||
|B<sub>9</sub>|b′′′′′′|Six-lined||
|B<sub>10</sub>|b′′′′′′′|Seven-lined||

## C

**C** is the same pitch as **B** but is not usually seen as the same. It is used in an instance where B♭ comes before a **B natural** and a **C♭** is used in place of the **B** to avoid confusion.
G (musical note)

**G**, **Sol** or **So** is a musical note which is the first note of the G major scale.

## Designation by octave

|Scientific designation|Helmholtz designation|Octave name|Frequency (Hz)|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|G<sub>−1</sub>|G͵͵͵ or ͵͵͵G or GGGG|Subsubcontra||
|G<sub>0</sub>|G͵͵ or ͵͵G or GGG|Subcontra||
|G<sub>1</sub>|G͵ or ͵G or GG|Contra||
|G<sub>2</sub>|G|Great||
|G<sub>3</sub>|g|Small||
|G<sub>4</sub>|g′|One-lined||
|G<sub>5</sub>|g′′|Two-lined||
|G<sub>6</sub>|g′′′|Three-lined||
|G<sub>7</sub>|g′′′′|Four-lined||
|G<sub>8</sub>|g′′′′′|Five-lined||
|G<sub>9</sub>|g′′′′′′|Six-lined||
|G<sub>10</sub>|g′′′′′′′|Seven-lined||
Hadern

**Hadern** is a borough in Munich, Bavaria.

## Other websites

- muenchen.de - Hadern (German)
La Thuile

**La Thuile** is the name of three places in Europe:
- La Thuile, Aosta Valley, a commune in Italy
- La Thuile, Savoie, a commune in France
- Lathuile, a French commune in the Haute-Savoie department