juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bolesław I the Brave

**Bolesław I the Brave** (Polish _Bolesław I Chrobry_) (967  June 17, 1025) was the duke of Poland from 992 to April 18, 1025 and King of Poland from April 18 to June 17, 1025. He was also a duke of Bohemia known as Boleslav IV from 1003 to 1004. He was the son of Mieszko I, first known ruler of Poland.

## Conquests

Boleslav wasn't aggressive as long as his friend - the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire lived. After his death in 1002, Boleslav started the imperial policy. During the chaos in Reich, duke conquered the border areas : Lusatia and Meissen. When finally Henry II took over the German Throne, he accepted annexiation of Lusatia, giving it to Bolslav as a fiefdom, and giving Meissen to his ally - Gunzelin. In 1003 the duke of Bohemia - Vladivoj, died. This death caused intervention in Czechia, where Boleslav put on the throne Boleslav III, that was banished before. In the same year, probably thanks to requests of the Czech opposition, Boleslav (Polish one) put out the Boleslav's (Czech one) eyes and become the Duke of Bohemia himself. He wouldn't like to pay tribute to the German Emperor, like did the Czech dukes, and that was an excuse, that started Polish - German War from 1003 -1018.

We know 7 children of Bolesław I. Two of them, Mieszko II Lambert and Bezprym ruled Poland after his death.

## Interesting Facts

- The King introduced new law - any man that will sleep with multiple woman will be taken to the bridge and his private areas will be nailed to it. Then he will be left with knife and choice - either die on the bridge over the time or cut himself. This simple rule caused - until now pogan - culture to promote sacred life with one partner only.
- Image of Bolesław the Brave is on 20 zlotys paper money
All Grown Up!

***All Grown Up!*** is a Nickelodeon animated television series. It was set in California. It was a spin-off of the _Rugrats_ series. The series was about the original Rugrats characters being nine to thirteen years older. It was first shown on April 12, 2003.

### Children

- Thomas "Tommy" Malcolm Pickles, American person of Russian and French descent, leader, filmmaker, songwriter, play-writer, keyboardist, singer
- Dylan "Dil" Prescott Pickles, dancer, keyboardist, singer, songwriter
- Charles "Chuckie" Crandall Finster, drummer, best friend of Tommy
- Kimberly "Kimi" Watanabe-Finster (friend of Tommy), tomboy, best friend of Susie
- Phil and Lil DeVille (friends of Tommy)
- Angelica Charlotte Pickles (tomboyish cousin and frenemy of Tommy), singer
- Susanna "Susie" Yvonne Carmichael (friend of Tommy), singer, best friend of Kimi
- Harold Frumkin, guitarist

### Adults

- Didi and Stu Pickles
- Chas Finster
- Kira Finster
- Betty and Howard DeVille
- Drew Pickles
- Charlotte Pickles

## Infobox (television)

- **alt name**: Rugrats: All Grown Up! (in Australia)
- **genre**: Animation, Comedy, Family
- **voices**: Elizabeth Daily, E.G. Daily
Nancy Cartwright
Kath Soucie
Cheryl Chase
Tara Strong
Cree Summer
Dionne Quan
Shayna Fox
Lizzie Murray
Clancy Brown
Meagan Smith
Jack Riley
Melanie Chartoff
Michael Bell
Tress MacNeille
Phil Proctor
Julia Kato
Candi Milo
Joe Alaskey
Sarah Paulson
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English
- **num seasons**: 5
- **num episodes**: 55 (List of All Grown Up! episodes, List of episodes)
- **runtime**: 22 minutes approx
- **company**: Klasky Csupo
Nickelodeon Productions
Nickelodeon Animation Studios
- **network**: Nickelodeon
Randalstown

**Randalstown** is a town in County Antrim in Northern Ireland.

One famous person who came from Randalstown is the suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams, born in 1899.
Connex Melbourne

**Connex** was a train operator in Melbourne, Australia. They ran all Melbourne railway lines, and took over all M-Train services on 16 April 2003, however Metro Trains Melbourne took over all Connex's services on 30 November 2009. All Connex services used the Metcard fare system.

## Other websites

Official website
Battlestar Galactica

***Battlestar Galactica*** is a science fiction franchise. It includes two separate television series, one sequel series, movies, books, comic books, toy and other merchandise. The series are named after the main spacecraft, the Battlestar (a large type of warship in space) Galactica.

## Original series

The first series was created in 1978 after the successful theater release of _Star Wars_. The series was shown on the American network ABC. The series lasted for eight months and 17 episodes before it ended. The cost of making the series was said to be one of the reasons for it ending. The series starred Lorne Greene as Commander Adama, captain of the Galactica. Richard Hatch played his son, the pilot Apollo. Dirk Benedict played Apollo's friend and fellow pilot, Starbuck.

In 1980, ABC made the sequel series _Galactica 1980_. This series took place after the fleet got to Earth. The series did not do well in the ratings and quickly ended. Several movies were made using edited version of both series.

## Remake series

In 2003, Universal Television along with the Sci-Fi Channel and Sky One created a three-hour mini-series based on the original television series. This series was very well liked by both the audience and critics. This led to the Sci-Fi Channel making it into a series in 2004. After the 2007 season of _Battlestar Galactica_, the Nielsen ratings said that over 119 million people watched the series. This made it the highest rated and most watched series on cable networks. Edward James Olmos plays Commander William Adama. Jamie Bamber plays his son, Lee "Apollo" Adama. Katee Sackhoff plays Kara "Starbuck" Thrace. Starbuck was one of several characters to be changed from a male character into a female character.

## Story

All of the _Battlestar Galactica_ series have the same basic setting. In a far away part of the universe, a civilization of humans live on planets known as the "Twelve Colonies". In the past, the Colonies were at war with a cybernetic race known as the Cylons. With the help of a human named Gaius Baltar, the Cylons attacked on the Colonies. This surprise attack caused much damage to the planets where the humans lived and killed most of their populations. A few thousand of humans did not die in the attacks. They fled into space aboard any spacecraft they could. Of all the Colonial Fleet, the battlestar _Galactica_ appears to be the only military ship that was not destroyed in the attack. Under the leadership of military leader Commander Adama, the Battlestar _Galactica_ and its crew lead and protect the fleet of survivors into space in search of a fabled Thirteenth Colony and its home planet, Earth.

## Other websites

- Official site
- Battlestar Wiki
- Amazon.com interview with Battlestar Galactica star Katee Sackhoff
Black-capped chickadee

The **black-capped chickadee** (_Poecile atricapillus_) is a passerine songbird of the family Paridae. It lives in Canada, Alaska and the northern United States. This is a small, common bird which sings a simple song.

## Appearance

The bird is about 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long and weighs 9-15 g (0.32-0.49 oz).

The male and female black-capped chickadees look the same. The black-capped chickadee has black and white on its head. The top of the head and throat are black, and the sides are white. It has a short, black beak.

The back of the bird is gray. The front of the body is white and light brown. The bird has short wings and a short tail.

## Song

The song of the black-capped chickadee is a clear whistle.

## Behavior

In the summer, the birds eat many insects. In the winter, they eat seeds and berries. They will hide seeds in different places and return later to eat
them. When two chickadees want to build a nest, they use a hole in a tree.
Harihara

**Harihara** is the deity that combines Vishnu and Shiva. It comes from the Hindu tradition. _Harihara_ is also sometimes used as a philosophical term when one wants to speak of the unity of Vishnu and Shiva as different aspects of the same Supreme God.

### The Position of Shiva & Vishnu

- Shiva and Vishnu as One and the Same (dlshq.org)
- The Position of Shiva and Durga in connection with Vishnu  (veda.harekrsna.cz)
- Vishnu and Shiva as different aspects of the one and same God.  (Shaivite guru, Bodhinatha)

### Harihara images

- Harihara - Photograph of Carving from Hoysaleshvara Temple, Halebid (art-and-archaeology.com)
- Bronze Harihara from Thailand
Harihara I

**Harihara I**, (1336-1356 CE) also called **Hakka ಹಕ್ಕ** and _Vira Harihara I_, was the founder of the Vijayanagara empire. He was the eldest son of Bhavana Sangama and was founder of the Sangama dynasty, the first among the four dynasties that ruled Vijayanagara. Immediately after coming to power, he built a fort at Barkuru, on the west coast of present day Karnataka. Kannada inscriptions of his time call him _Karnataka Vidya Vilas_ (master of great knowledge and skills), _Bhashegetappuvarayaraganda_ (punisher of those feudatories who do not keep their promise), _Arirayavibhada_ (fire to enemy kings). Among his brothers, Kampana governed Nellur region, Muddppa administered Mulabagalu region, Marappa oversaw Chandragutti and Bukka Raya was his second in command.

At first he conquered the valley of Tungabhadra River, then he expanded his control to certain regions of Konkan and Malabar Coast. By that time Hoysala Empire had lost its last ruler  and Harihara I could gain power.

An inscription of 1346 speaks of Harihara I as the ruler of “whole country between the eastern and the western seas, and the inscription describes _Vidya Nagara_ (that is, the city of learning) as his capital.

Harihara I was succeeded by Bukka I who was the most distinguished amongst the five rulers (Panchasangamas) of the Sangama dynasty.

## References

- Dr. Suryanath U. Kamat, Concise history of Karnataka, MCC, Bangalore, 2001 (Reprinted 2002)
- Chopra, P.N. T.K. Ravindran and N. Subrahmaniam.History of South India. S. Chand, 2003.
Tibetan people

The **Tibetan people** () are an ethnic group that is native to Tibet. They number about 7.8 million. In 2014, there were 7.5 million Tibetans living in Tibet and the 10 Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures in Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. Large populations of Tibetans live outside of Tibet, in other parts of China, and in India, Nepal and Bhutan.

Tibetans speak the Tibetan languages. Many of these languages are cannot be understood by each other. These languages are also spoken by people in Baltistan, Ladakh, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. The main language among Tibetans in Tibet is the Central Tibetan language.

Most Tibetans practice Tibetan Buddhism. Some practice the native Bön religion. There is a small Muslim minority.

## History

The American botanist Joseph Rock saw the fighting between the Hui Muslim warlord Ma Qi and the Tibetan Buddhist of Labrang monastery. Even more brutal fighting broke out when war between Zhang Zuolin's Fengtian clique happened against the Guominjun warlord Feng Yuxiang in 1925, autumn. The position of Gansu governor was taken by Feng Yuxiang. Only Muslim warlords were left after many of the non-Muslim warlords were expelled by Liu Yufen's Guominjun army of 15,000 soldiers as acting governor under Feng Yuxiang. A huge amount of taxes were squeezed for Feng by Liu Yufen after an earthquake and famine brought about by drought. The in Hezhou a revolt against Liu Yufen was led in Liangzhou by Hui Muslim warlord Ma Tingxing (son of Ma Anliang) in 1928, Spring. Hui, Dongxiang and Salar Muslims were recruited to also siege Hezhou in the army of 10,000 by Ma Zhongying, who was related to Ma Qi. Ma Zhongying's Muslim soldiers were starving and numbered 25,000 by November so that attacked the Tao river valley in the south, slaughtering Tibetan Buddhist monks, burning the palace of the Tibetan Tusi chief king Yang Jiqing, sacking the Tibetan city of Chone and defeated Yang Jiqing's 3,000 strong Tibetan militia. Tibetan areas all across southern Gansu were laid waste to. Tibetan militias defeated Taozhou from Ma Tingxing. The Tibetans inflicted heavy casualties upon Ma Tingxian so he supposed Ma Zhongying's Muslim forces and together they ravaged and destroyed the Taozhou-Chone region destroying and burning Tibetan areas. The Muslims burned the printing presses and temple of the Tibetan Buddhists in Chone. The Muslims then looted the gompa and massacred the Tibetan Buddhist monks of the Labrang monastery after fleeting from Liu Yufen in January 1929. 2 million died in the war as villages and towns across Gansu's south and east were destroyed during the war when Ma Zhongying was fighting as Feng Yuxiang attacked him. The Chone temple and palaces were rebuilt by the Tibetan Tusi chief king Yang Jiqing after the 1928-1929 war. The rebellion was put down by Feng Yuxiang and Gansu became peaceful again until the 1935 when the communist Long March came.

## Related pages

- Sherpa people
- Burig
- Tibetans in India
Li people

The **Hlai** or **Li** () are an ethnic group living primarily on the island of Hainam, off the southern coast of mainland China and just east of Vietnam. The Hlai are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the Chinese government.

The Hlai were known to the Sui Dynasty Chinese by the name **Liliao**. Presently they refer to themselves as the Hlai or Sai people. The ethnic group is called Lí in Mandarin and Lai in Cantonese.

The Hlai people have their own language. Some dialects of the Hlai language are too different from each other for people to mutually understand each other. The Hlai language is distantly related to languages such as Thai, Lao, and Cuengh. The Hlai language did not have a writing system before the 1950s, when the Latin alphabet was adopted. Some to most Hlai people nowadays can understand Mandarin and Hainanese.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Hlai
- **image**: 1962-05 1962年 海南岛乐东县 黎族民众.jpg
- **caption**: Hlai people in Ledong Li Autonomous County in 1962
- **total**: 1.3 million (est.)
- **regions**: Hainan, Hainam, China
Vietnam
- **languages**: Hlai languages,
 Hainanese and Mandarin
- **religions**: Animism and Buddhism
Li

***Li*** could mean:

- The Chinese word for plum, a very popular surname in China
- An alternate romanisation of the Japanese word for plum, ***ri***, which originates from the above word in Chinese. It can also be pronounced as _sumomo_.
- An ethnic group of China, Hlai, which is known as Li among Han Chinese.
- The chemical symbol for lithium.
- Li (unit) (里), a Chinese unit of length, often used when talking about distance.
Altes Museum

**Altes Museum** (German for **Old Museum**) is a museum in Berlin. It is on the Museum Island (Museuminsel) along the Spree River. The museum is made of Greek columns but it is not of Greek origin. It is considered a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was created between 1822-1830 and holds the Antikensammlung and Münzenkabinett. The Berliner Lustgarten is in front of the museum.

The Altes Museum was intended to be a royal collection of art and a public museum to educate the people. It was originally called the Königliches Museum. This mission was in line with the educational ideals of Humboldt. Karl Friedrich Schinkel was involved in the planning, and the building was constructed from 1825 to 1828 in neoclassical style. The museum opened in 1830. It was named Altes Museum after the Neues Museum was built in 1845. Originally the commission only included "high art" of Rome and Greece. During Word War 2, the Nazis used the museum in their propaganda. Suffering some damage during World War 2, the building was mostly renovated between 1951 and 1966.

## Other websites

- Altes Museum on GreatBuildings.com
- Altes Museum on Archiseek
- Altes Museum on museum-location.de (in German)

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Altes Museum (Old Museum)
- **image**: Altes Museum (Berlin) (6339770591).jpg
- **image size**: 250
- **address**: Bodestraße 1-3, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- **location town**: Berlin
- **website**: https://www.smb.museum/museen-einrichtungen/altes-museum/home/
The Sleepers

***The Sleepers*** is a painting by Gustave Courbet. The painting was made in 1866. In it, two naked women lie on a bed.  It is typical of Courbet's later erotic paintings.  The painting is done in oil on canvas. It measures 135 cm high and 200 cm wide. It is currently in the museum Petit Palais in Paris, France. The painting is also known as ***The Dream*** (French: _Le Sommeil_), or ***Lust*** or ***The Sloth and Friends***.
Religion in China

The main religions in China are Buddhism, Chinese folklore, Taoism and Confucianism among many others

Abrahamic religions are also practised. There is a Kaifeng Jewish community living in China. Also, Islam has been historically popular, introduced since the Tang Dynasty. The Hui people and Uyghur people are Muslims.

## Buddhism

There are three main existing branches of buddhism: Han Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, and Theravada. The first two are in China. They come from the Mahayana.they also practise other religions and also fall under the Hindu religion

## Folk Religion

Chinese folk religion is a religion that has been practised in China for thousands of years. There are at least 800,000,000 followers of Chinese folk religion worldwide (estimate). Most if not all of these followers are also followers of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, as these three philosophy-religions are major influences of China's folk religion. The influence from and to these three philosophy-religions goes to the extent that some mythical figures from folk culture have merged into those philosophy-religions and vice versa.

Chinese folk religion is made up of a combination of religious practices, including Confucianism, ancestor veneration, Buddhism and Taoism. Folk religion also retains traces of some of its ancestral neolithic belief systems which include the veneration of the Sun, Moon, Earth, Heaven and various stars,  as well as communication with animals. It has been practised alongside Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism by Chinese people throughout the world for thousands of years.

## Taoism in China

Daoism, or Taoism, is a philosophy-religion that is at least 2,500 years old. It originated from China and is now widely practised in Korea.

道 Dao, also Romanized as Tao, is the "Force" that Taoists believe makes everything in the world. It is very mysterious, and instead of spending a lot of time trying to explain what the Tao is, Taoists focus on living a simple and balanced life in harmony with nature. This is one of the most important principles in Taoism. Taoists also believe that conflict is not good and that if you have a problem with something, it is better to find a way around it.

Some important Taoists are:
- 老子 Lao Zi.  Some say he wrote Dào Dé Jīng.
- 庄子 Zhuangzi. He wrote a book with stories that talk about Taoism.
- 黄帝 Huang Di the Yellow Emperor. People say he was one of the first Taoists, but it is disputed whether he even existed or not.
Kim Ungyong

**Kim Ung-yong** (born 8 March 1962) was a Korean  child prodigy. He was able to read and write in Japanese, Korean, German and English before he turned four years old. At the age of four, on 2 November 1967, he answered differential and integral calculus questions on Japanese television, showed that he could speak German, English, Japanese and Korean, and write poetry. Kim was listed in the Guiness Book of World Records under "Highest IQ"; the book guessed the boy's score at "over 200."

Kim was a guest student of physics at Hanyang University from the age of 3 until he was 6. At the age of 7 he was invited to the United States by NASA. He finished his university studies, eventually getting a Ph.D. in physics at Colorado State University  before he was 15. In 1974, during his university studies, he began his research work at NASA and continued this work until his return to Korea in 1978.

When he returned to Korea, he decided to switch from physics to civil engineering and eventually received a doctorate in that field. Kim was offered the chance to study at the most prestigious universities in Korea, but instead chose to attend a provincial university.

As of 2007 he also serves as adjunct faculty at Chungbuk National University.

## Related pages

- child prodigy
- genius
- multilingualism

## Other websites

- Time magazine article mentioning Ung-Yong
- Article in Korean mentioning Kim Ung-Yong (Currently Working as the Leader of the Compensation Department of the Chungcheongbuk-do Government Office of Development)
Hikaru

**Hikaru** (or **Hikari**) is a Japanese given name based on the Japanese language _kanji_ , which means "light" or "shining." It is a unisex name, meaning it is used for both boys and girls. Hikaru is a unique name in the United States (not in the top 1000 newborn names in the US in 2021).

## People

- Hikaru Kitagawa, Japanese association football player
- Hikaru Midorikawa, Japanese voice actor
- Hikaru Nakamura, American chess player
- Hikaru Shida, Japanese professional wrestler
- Hikaru Utada, also known as Cubic U, Utada and Hikki, a J-pop and R&B singer

#### Fictional characters

- Hikaru Genji, main character in _The Tale of Genji_
- Hikaru Sulu, character in _Star Trek_
Hikaru Nakamura

(born December 9, 1987) is a professional chess player and net streamer and is the leading U.S. chess grandmaster (GM). He was born on 9 December 1987 in Japan (Hirakata, Osaka Prefecture). His parents moved to the United States of America when he was two. He has won the U.S. chess championship five times, and represented the United States of America at five Chess Olympiads.

In 2011, Nakamura won the Tata Steel Grandmaster A tournament in Wijk aan Zee. His opponents included world #1 and defending champion Magnus Carlsen, former world champion Viswanathan Anand, world #2  Levon Aronian, and former world champion Vladimir Kramnik.

## Infobox (chess player)

- **playername**: Hikaru Nakamura
- **image**: File:Nakamura Hikaru (29290269410) (cropped) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Nakamura at the 2016 World Chess Olympiad
- **birthname**: Hikaru Nakamura
- **placebirth**: Hirakata, Japan
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster
- **rating**: 2802
<small>(#3 in the Jan 2025 FIDE ranking list)</small>
- **peakrating**: 2816 (October 2015)
Quickdraw

A **quickdraw** is used in rock climbing for lead climbing. One end is hooked into an anchor in
the wall. Afterwards the rope is hooked into the other end. Usually quickdraws are used every few meters. Quickdraws are made of two carabiners connected by a sling. Quickdraws can hold up to 22 kN.
The quickdraw has one straight gate carabineer and one bent gate carabineer. The bent gate carabineer should always be the one clipped to the rope. For leading and top roping at an indoor climbing wall usually a quickdraw is already attached to each of the protection points on the route. The lower carabineer, (the one with the bent gate) should be clipped so the gate is pointing away from the rope and pointing away from the climbing wall or rock face. Doing this will help prevent the quickdraw from twisting the gate into the wall. The rope should run freely through the spine of each carabineer, not along the gate. The spine is the strongest part of the carabineer.
Work (song)

|align="center" bgcolor="khaki" colspan="3"|Work|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center" colspan="3"|"Work" Cover|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|January 21 2008 UK January 28 2008 <small>(CD)</small> France March 3 2008 Germany March 7 2008|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|R&B|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|3:28 <small>(album version)</small> 3:11 <small>(freemasons radio edit)</small>|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|Columbia Records|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|Jason "Pooh Bear" Boyd, Scott Storch, Kelly Rowland|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|Scott Storch, Jason "Pooh Bear" Boyd <small>(co-producer)</small>|||||
|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Ghetto (2007r.)</small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Work </small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Daylight (2008r.)</small>|
|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Ghetto (3)</small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Work (4)</small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Flashback (5)</small>|
|align="center" valign="top"|<small> </small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Work (1)</small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Daylight (2)</small>|
"**Work**" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Kelly Rowland. It was written by Rowland, Scott Storch and Jason "Pooh Bear" Boyd and co-produced by Storch and Boyd for Rowland's second studio album, _Ms. Kelly_ (2007).

Following the less successful chart performances of previous singles "Like This" and "Ghetto", "Work" was released during the first quarter of 2008 as the album's second single in most international music markets. The song has since enjoyed commercial success, becoming Rowland's best-charting solo single since her 2002 song "Stole," reaching the top of the charts in Bulgaria and Poland, as well as the top 10 in Australia, Finland, France, Ireland, Malta, Poland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

## Formats and track listings

These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of "Work."
- CD maxi single
1. "Work" (Freemasons radio edit) - 3:11
1. "Work" (album version) - 3:28
1. "Work" (Steve Pitron & Max Sanna Radio Edit) - 3:33
1. "Work" (Freemasons dub mix) - 7:09
1. "Work" (Freemasons radio remix video) - 3:11

1. "Work" (Freemasons radio edit) - 3:11
1. "Work" (album version) - 3:28

- U.S. digital EP
1. "Work" (Freemasons radio edit) - 3:11
1. "Work" (Steve Pitron & Max Sanna radio edit) - 3:33
1. "Work" (Edit) - 3:28
1. "Work" (Freemasons Club Mix) - 10:37
1. "Work" (Steve Pitron & Max Sanna club mix) - 7:59
1. "Work" (AJ Bhandary remix) - 3:10
Eluveitie

**Eluveitie** is a folk metal band from Switzerland. They started in 2002. Their style is a mixture of _Celtic folk metal_ and _melodic death metal_. Their style is sometimes called _Celtic Metal_. Some of their lyrics are in English. Some of their lyrics are in Gaulish, a language that nobody still speaks as a first language. The band was founded by Christian "Chrigel" Glanzmann.

## Members

- Patrick "Päde" Kistler - Bagpipes, Whistles (since 2008)
- Merlin Sutter - Drums (since 2004)
- Siméon Koch - Guitar (since 2004)
- Christian "Chrigel" Glanzmann - Vocals, Mandola (similar to a mandolin), Whistles, Pipes, Gaita (a kind of bagpipe), Acoustic Guitar, Bodhràn (a kind of Irish drum)
- Meri Tadic -  Violin, Vocals
- Kay Brem - Bass (since 2008)
- Ivo Henzi - Guitar (since 2004)
- Fabienne Erni - Hurdy Gurdy (an instrument that has similarities to the violin and the bagpipe), Vocals (since 2017)

## Discography

- _Vên_ - 2003 (re-released in 2004)
- _Spirit_ - 2006 (Fear Dark Records)
- _Slania_ - 2008 (Nuclear Blast Records)
- _Evocation I - The Arcane Dominion_ - 2009 (acoustic) (Nuclear Blast Records)
- _Evocation II - Visions (MCD)_ - 2009 (acoustic) (Nuclear Blast Records)
- _Everything Remains As It Never Was_ - 2010 (Nuclear Blast Records)
- _Helvetios_ - 2012 (Nuclear Blast Records)
- _Origins_ - 2014
- _Evocation II: Pantheon_ - 2017
- _Ategnatos_ - 2019

They made videos for the songs Inis Mona, Omnos and Thousandfold.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Eluveitie
- **img**: Eluveitie, 3-Majówka 2023, 056.jpg
- **img capt**: Eluveitie in Wrocław, 2023
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Winterthur, Switzerland
- **genre**: Folk metal
Melodic death metal
Celtic metal
Pagan metal
Folk rock
- **years active**: 2002 - present
- **label**: Nuclear Blast
Fear Dark
- **current members**: Merlin Sutter
Simeon Koch
Chrigel Glanzmann
Meri Tadic
Ivo Henzi
Anna Murphy
Päde Kistler
Kay Brem
Heaven Shall Burn

**Heaven Shall Burn** is a German metal band from Saalfelden. They are classified as melodic death metal, metalcore, or deathcore. Their members are: Matthias Voigt (drums), Maik Weichert (guitar), Alexander Dietz (guitar), Eric Bischoff (bass) and Marcus Bischoff (vocals).

### Studio albums

- 1998: _In Battle There Is No Law_ (EP)
- 2000: _Asunder_
- 2002: _Whatever It May Take_ (re-release 2007)
- 2004: _Antigone_
- 2006: _Deaf to Our Prayers_
- 2008: _Iconoclast (Part 1: The Final Resistance)_

### Others

- 1999: _Heaven Shall Burn / Fall of Serenity_ (together with _Fall of Serenity_)
- 2001: _The Split Program_ (together with Caliban)
- 2002: _In Battle... (There Is No Law)_ (Best of)
- 2005: _Tsunami Benefit CD-Single_
- 2005: _The Split Program II_ (together with _Caliban_)
- 2007: _Voces Del Underground_ (Compilation)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Heaven Shall Burn
- **img**: Heaven_Shall_Burn.jpg
- **img capt**: Heaven Shall Burn performing at 2009's Wacken Open Air.
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: Concense
- **origin**: Saalfeld, Thuringia, Germany
- **genre**: Metalcore, melodic death metal, deathcore
- **years active**: 1996–present
- **label**: Century Media Records, Century Media, Lifeforce Records, Lifeforce
- **associated acts**: Caliban (band), Caliban, Fall of Serenity
- **url**: [http://www.heavenshallburn.com/ www.heavenshallburn.com]
- **current members**: Matthias Voigt
Maik Weichert
Alexander Dietz
Eric Bischoff
Marcus Bischoff
- **past members**: Patrick Schleitzer
Paranaguá

**Paranaguá** is a coastal city in the state of Paraná in the south of Brazil. Founded in 1648, it is Paraná's oldest city. Its population was 147,934 as of January 2006 and an area of 826,652 km².

It is known for its excellent port facilities, being the sea port for Curitiba, the capital of Paraná.

The Port of Paranaguá is the sixth largest port in the world, the second largest in Brazil and the largest grain port of Latin America. His territorial extension is 13 km². It is the second largest port in Brazil, but the first in export of grains.
Datura stramonium

***Datura stramonium***, known by the common names, **jimson weed**, **ditch weed**, **stink weed**, **loco weed**,**Korean morning glory**, **Jamestown weed**, **thorn apple**, **angel's trumpet**, **devil's trumpet**, **devil's snare**, **devil's seed**, **mad hatter**, **crazy tea**, **malpitte**, **the Devil's balls**, is an erect annual herb, on average 30 to 150 cm (1-5 feet) tall with erect, forking and purple stems. The leaves are large, 7 to 20 cm (3-8 in) long and have irregular teeth

Flowers are trumpet-shaped, white to purple, and 2-7 in long.The fruit are walnut-sized, egg-shaped, and covered in prickles, they split into four chambers, each chamber with dozens of small black seeds

## Other websites

http://www.erowid.org/plants/datura/datura_info5.shtml
Gaeltacht

**Gaeltacht** areas are regions where many or most of the people speak the Irish language. They are in the Republic of Ireland. The largest Gaeltacht areas are in the counties of Kerry, Cork, Galway, Mayo, Donegal, Waterford and Meath.

At the time of the 2006 census of the Republic of Ireland, the population of the Gaeltacht was 91,862, about 2.1% of the state's 4,239,848 people. The main concentrations of Irish speakers are in the western counties of Donegal, Mayo, Galway, Kerry, and Cork. But in Gaeltacht electoral districts the percentage of Irish speakers is much higher.
Harassment

**Harassment** is offensive behavior purposely done to a specific person.

## Overview

Such behavior can humiliate, intimidate, and degrade the victim. If someone is harassed repetitively, it is called bullying. Harassment is a kind of specific discrimination towards one individual. It may involve coercion. There are different kinds of harassment, including:

- Bullying
- Cyberbullying
- Sexual harassment
- Religious harassment
- Workplace harassment

There are laws against harassment in many countries, and employers now have a duty to protect employees from harassment.

## Related pages

- Instagram
- Persecution
- Abuse of power
- Domestic abuse
- Psychological abuse
Brná nad Labem

**Brná nad Labem** (German: _Birnai_) is a part of city Ústí nad Labem, Czech republic. It is a small part of landscape park České středohoří on the right side of river Labe, and is close to Ústí nad Labem. Its area is about 4,23 km².
James I of Scotland

**James I** (December 10, 1394 – February 21, 1437) was King of Scots from April 4, 1406, and ruled as King of Scots from May 1424 until February 21, 1437.

## Reign

He made many economic and legal changes. For instance, he tried to change the Parliament of Scotland to suit English lines. Many of his actions were useful, but they also upset many people. Therefore during the later years of his reign his ability was questioned, but when the king threw a party on February 21, 1437, he was assassinated by a group of Scots led by Sir Robert Graham. He attempted to escape his attackers through a sewer but could not because the sewer was blocked. A wave of executions followed, including the king's uncle, Sir Walter Sterwart and Sir Robert Steward.

## References

- E W M Balfour-Melville, _James I King of Scots_, London 1936

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: King James I of Scotland
- **title**: King of Scots
- **image**: Jacob Jacobsz de Wet II (Haarlem 1641-2 - Amsterdam 1697) - James I, King of Scotland (1394-1437) - RCIN 403280 - Royal Collection.jpg
- **reign**: 4 May 1406 – 21 February 1437
- **coronation**: 21 May 1424
- **predecessor**: Robert III of Scotland, Robert III
- **successor**: James II of Scotland, James II
- **spouse**: Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland, Joan Beaufort
- **royal house**: House of Stuart, Stewart
- **father**: Robert III of Scotland, Robert III
- **mother**: Annabella Drummond
- **birth date**: 25 July 1394
 Edinburgh Castle
- **death place**: Perth, Scotland, Perth
- **burial place**: Perth Charterhouse
- **succession**: List of Scottish monarchs, King Of Scots
Shameless

***Shameless*** is a BAFTA award-winning British comedy-drama television series set in the fictional Chatsworth Estate in Manchester, United Kingdom. Produced by Company Pictures for Channel 4, the first seven-episode series aired weekly on Tuesday nights at 10pm from 13 January 2004. The dramedy which deals with issues related to chav culture in the UK has been accorded critical acclaim by various sections of the British media, including _The Sun_ newspaper and _Newsnight Review_ on BBC Two.
Stele

A **stele** is a stone or wooden slab, mostly taller than it is wide, that is built so that people will remember something when they look at it. Mostly it is decorated with the names and titles of the person that is a reminder of. This is inscribed, carved in relief or painted onto the slab.

## History and function

Stelae were also used as territorial markers, as the boundary stelae of Akhenaten at Amarna, or to commemorate military victories. They were widely used in Mesopotamia, Greece, Egypt, Ethiopia, and, quite independently, in China and some Buddhist cultures, and by Mesoamerican civilisations, especially the Olmec and Maya. The huge number of stelae that survive from ancient Egypt and in Central America are one of the largest and most significant sources of information on those civilisations.

Unfinished standing stones, set up without inscriptions from Libya in North Africa to Scotland were monuments of pre-literate Megalithic cultures in the Late Stone Age.

An obelisk is a specialized kind of stele. The Celtic high crosse<nowiki/>s of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales are _specialized stelae_.The totem pole of North and South America is a type of stelae.  Gravestones are also kinds of stelae.

In 2004 the architect Peter Eisenman created a field of some 2,700 blank stelae, the _Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe_ in Berlin to memory of the Holocaust.

## Notable individual stelae

- Code of Hammurabi
- Rosetta Stone

## Related pages

- Rune stone

## Bibliography

- John Boardman ed., _The Cambridge Ancient History_, Part 1, 2nd Edition,
- Christopher A. Pool, _Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica_, Cambridge University Press 2007 ()
- Karen E. Till, _The New Berlin: Memory, Politics, Place_, University of Minnesota Press 2005

## Other websites

- Funerary Stela
Qingzang railway

The **Qingzang railway** (also called **Qinghai–Xizang railway**, or **Qinghai–Tibet railway**) is a railway line from Xining, Qinghai Province, to Lhasa in Tibet.

The line includes the Tanggula Pass, at 5,072 m (16,640 feet) above sea level the world's highest rail track and Tanggula Railway Station which is the highest railway station. The 1,338 m Fenghuoshan tunnel is the highest rail tunnel in the world, at 4,905 m above sea level. The 3,345-m Yangbajing tunnel is the longest tunnel on the line. It is 4,264 m above sea level, 80 kilometres north-west of Lhasa.

More than 960 km, or over 80% of the Golmud-Lhasa section, is at an altitude of more than 4,000 m. There are 675 bridges, totalling 159.88 km, and over half the length of the railway is laid on permafrost. The railway which was finished in 2006 is said to not help the people of Tibet.

It takes about 3 days to go from Lhasa to Guangzhou or Shanghai.
Ostrava

**Ostrava** is the third biggest city in the Czech Republic. It is also the government center of the Moravian-Silesian Region. The town was founded in 1267 and lies in the north-eastern part of the country. More than 300,000 people live there.
Get on the Bus

|align="center" bgcolor="khaki" colspan="3"|Get on the Bus|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="center" colspan="3"||||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|23 February 1999r.|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|R&B|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|4:44|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|Columbia Records|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|Tim Mosley, Missy Elliott|||||
|colspan="2" valign="top"|Timbaland|||||
|align="center" valign="top"|<small>With me (1998r.)</small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Get on the Bus </small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Bills, Bills, Bills (1999r.)</small>|
|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Here We Come (1999r.)</small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Get on the Bus </small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Ugly (2000r.)</small>|
|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Outro (16)</small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small>Get on the Bus (17)</small>|align="center" valign="top"|<small> </small>|
"**Get on the Bus**" was the third single from girl group Destiny's Child.  The song featured rapper/producer Timbaland and is lifted from the original motion picture soundtrack of _Why Do Fools Fall in Love_ (1998).  It was the second single to be lifted from the soundtrack following Melanie B's debut single, "I Want You Back".  Produced by Timbaland, it peaked at number twelve on the UK and Netherlands charts, and at number sixty on the German chart.  The single was not commercially released in the U.S. and other major markets, It did receive some minor US Urban radio airplay, peaking at #58 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart. The music video was directed by Earle Sebastian.

## Track listing

1. "Get on the Bus" (radio version) (featuring Timbaland)
1. "Get on the Bus" (radio edit without rap)
1. "Illusions" (Destiny Club Mix)

## Credits and personnel

- Lead vocals: Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland
- Vocal production - Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, Timbaland

## Charts

|align="left"|Chart (1998/1999)|align="left"|Peak position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|UK Singles Chart|align="center"|12|
|align="left"|US _Billboard_ Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay|align="center"|58|
South China Sea

The **South China Sea** is an ocean region in the south of China. It is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean; a vital area for shipping, fishing, and natural resources, and strategically important for regional security.

The sea and its islands and reefs are claimed by many nations, including China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. These claims are mirrored in the many names used for the islands and the sea.

## Geography

The name of the sea as used internationally is "South China Sea." In Vietnam the sea is called "_Biển Đông_" (which exactly means "East Sea").

The South China Sea runs from Singapore to the Taiwan Strait The sea has an area of around 3,500,000 km². It is located in the western arm of the Pacific Ocean; one of the largest seas after the five oceans. There are hundreds of small South China Sea Islands. Some of the bigger islands have people living on them. They are inhabited.  Most of the islands are small and uninhabited.

## UNCLOS

The eastern border of the South China Sea, traditionally called called _"Luzon Sea"_ along the west coast of Luzon island, is claimed by the Philippine government as its _Exclusive Economic Zone_ (EEZ). Generally, a state's exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, extending seaward to a distance of no more than 200 nmi (370 km) out from its coastal baseline. The zone is based on the _United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea_ (UNCLOS) which awards the country sovereignty of its maritime area  and rights to its natural resources.

The Philippine government renamed its western coastline in 2012 to reinforce its zone, with the Spratly Islands and Scarborough Shoal including the waters off the island of Palawan, as the West Philippine Sea. Despite this, China counter-claims the entire South China Sea without exception as its own, which overlaps with the Philippines' EEZ.

## Related pages

- Paracel Islands
- Spratly Islands

## Other websites

- "China's Jurisdiction over the South China Sea," _Beijing Review_, July 3, 2012

## Infobox (chinese)

- **pic**: SouthChinaSea.png
- **piccap**: Map of the South China Sea
- **showflag**: p
- **t**: 南中國海
- **s**: 南中国海
- **p**: Nán Zhōnggúo Hǎi
- **j**: naam4 zong1 gwok3 hoi2
- **tgl**: Timog Dagat Tsina ('Dagat Kanlurang Pilipinas', meaning "West Philippine Sea", for the portion within Philippine waters)
- **por**: Mar da China Meridional
- **vie**: Biển Đông
- **msa**: Laut China Selatan
Leo Belgicus

The **Leo Belgicus** is a map of the former Low Countries (the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium and a small part of northern France).  They are drawn in the shape of a lion.  The Leo Belgicus that came first was drawn by the Austrian cartographer Michael Aitzinger in 1583.  The Netherlands were fighting the Eighty Years' War for freedom at this time.
There were three different drawings. In the most common one, the lion's head was found in the northeast part of the country and the tail in the southeast part of the country.  The most famous version is the drawing of Claes Janszoon Visscher. It was made in 1609 when the Twelve Years' Truce was written.  The third version was made late in the war. It was made after the freedom of the Dutch Republic was given in the Peace of Westphalia of the year 1648. It is called the _Leo Hollandicus_, the Holland Lion, and shows only the province of Holland.
Tebibyte

A **tebibyte** (TiB) is a unit of measurement in computers and similar electronic devices. Tebibytes hold 1024 gibibytes (GiB) or  2<sup>40</sup> bytes. Some people call this number of bytes a terabyte, which is actually one trillion bytes, or 1000 gigabytes (GB).

1024 tebibytes make one pebibyte.

## Related pages

- Kibibyte
- Mebibyte
- Gibibyte
- Pebibyte
Petabyte

The **petabyte** (symbol: **PB**) is a unit of measurement in computers and similar electronic devices. One petabyte holds 1000 terabytes or 1 000 000 000 000 000 bytes.

Large organizations use petabytes of storage to hold massive amounts of data. To store this amount of data at home would require about 1000 large home computers. For personal use, the petabyte is extremely rare; most modern PC's and personal programs use terabytes (primarily for very large backups), gigabytes, megabytes and occasionally kilobytes.

One thousand petabytes make one exabyte.

There are also currently petabyte supercomputers such as Frontier and Summit.
Exabyte

The **exabyte** (symbol: **EB**) is a unit of measurement for data equal to 1000 petabytes or one quintillion (1 000 000 000 000 000 000) bytes. An exabyte is large enough that it would take about 250 000 high-end home computers or 1 000 000 average home computers to store this amount of data.

One thousand exabytes make one zettabyte.
Yottabyte

A **yottabyte** (**YB**) is a unit of measurement for computers of the near future. One yottabyte holds 1000 zettabytes (ZB) or a septillion (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) bytes. 1000 yottabytes make up 1 ronnabyte.
Nature's services

***Nature's services*** is a term for the ways in which nature benefits humans. It means particularly those benefits that can be measured in economic terms. Robert Costanza and other theorists of natural capital analysed nature's services to humanity in the 1990s.

The economic contribution of seventeen of these services they calculated to be about US$33 trillion per year, greater than the activities of the whole human economy, which was about US$25 trillion.
This was based on estimated costs of replacing the services nature provides. For that purpose they were compared with equivalent services that are produced by humans. This calculation makes clear that mankind cannot develop without nature's services.

This study is central for the theory of natural capital.

But this study had no great influence on government policy or on WTO, IMF or G8 economic and trade policy.

## Related pages

- Ecosystem services
- Experience Economy

## References

- Amory B. Lovins, L. Hunter Lovins and Paul Hawken: _A Road Map for Natural Capitalism _ (Pdf), in: _Harvard Business Review_ May-June 1999, pp. 145–157
Wuthering Heights

***Wuthering Heights*** is a novel by Emily Brontë. It was first published in 1847 under the pseudonym (false name) "Ellis Bell". After her death, a second edition was edited by her sister Charlotte. The story is about the love of Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, foster siblings in Yorkshire. It is a classic of English literature, and has been made into movies many times and also a hit song by Kate Bush.

## Other websites

- _Wuthering Heights_, online text with PDF version.
- Reader's Guide to Wuthering Heights
- Wuthering Heights voted UK's favourite love story, Guardian

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Wuthering Heights
- **image**: Houghton Lowell 1238.5 (A) - Wuthering Heights, 1847.jpg
- **image caption**: Title page of the first edition
- **author**: Emily Brontë
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English language, English
- **genre**: Novel
- **publisher**: Thomas Cautley Newby
- **release date**: 1847
- **media type**: Print
Capitol Hill Baptist Church

**Capitol Hill Baptist Church** is a Baptist church on Capitol Hill in Washington D.C.. Mark Dever serves as the senior pastor of the church. It is linked with the Southern Baptist Convention.

## History

In 1867 on Capitol Hill, a group of people came together to pray for a church to be started in their area. The church would one decade later become known as the Metropolitan Baptist Church. In 1878, it had 31 members. In the coming years, the church grew. In 1912 the church finished working on the new main hall. Their then current pastor Dr. John Compton Ball oversaw the church membership increase, it numbered in the thousands by 1950. Over the next several years, the membership slowly dropped, and hit a low of around one hundred people, in the early 1990s. In recent years the church has grown to a much bigger church.

## Other websites

- Official church website