juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Armenians in Switzerland

**Swiss-Armenians** are citizens of Switzerland who are of Armenian ancestry. This means that they are ethnic Armenians, but live in Switzerland. The exact number of Armenians in Switzerland is not known. In the 2010 census, the number of Swiss citizens who claimed to be Armenian was 612. The full number of Armenians living in Switzerland is said to be between 3,000 and 5,000.

The majority of Swiss Armenians are members of the Armenian Apostolic Church. There are four church regions (_tems_): Geneva, Zurich, Neuchatel and Lugano. There are also a smaller number of Armenian Catholics, and even a smaller number of Armenian Evangelicals.

A number of Armenian associations operate in Switzerland:
- (UAS) is the biggest Armenian association in Switzerland. It is based in Geneva, and organises a European Intercommunity Tournament in the city every year.
- (UGAB)
- , established in 2006.
- in Zurich was established in 2005.
- . Since 1986 it publishes the bilingual __ in French and Armenian.
- Switzerland-Armenia Association ( / ), a major community organisation for Armenians in Switzerland. It is based in Bern. It supports the strengthening of Armenian history, culture and identity.
- , a community center near Saint Hagop in Geneva.

## Related pages

- Armenian diaspora
- List of Armenians

## Other websites

- Armenian Swiss community site
- Swiss-Armenian Association
Double dissolution

A **double dissolution** is a procedure allowed by the constitution of Australia. If the House of Representatives and the Senate are unable to agree, the Governor General may dissolve both houses. This would cause a full election for all members.
Gall wasp

**Gall wasps**, also called **gallflies,** are the family  (Cynipidae) of the order Hymenoptera. They are in the Apocrita suborder of wasps.

About 1300 species of this small creature (1-8 mm) are known worldwide, with about 360 species of 36 different genera in Europe and some 800 species in North America.

## Plant galls

The larvae of most gall wasps develop in plant galls they induce themselves.

The plant galls develop after the female insect lays the eggs. The inducement for the gall formation is largely unknown. The hatching larvae nourish themselves with the nutritive tissue of the galls, in which they are well-protected from external environmental effects.

70% of the known species live in oak trees. One can find galls on nearly all parts of such trees, some on the leaves, the buds, the branches, and the roots. Other species of gall wasps live in eucalyptus trees, rose bushes or maple trees, as well as many herbs.

## Reproduction and development

Most species have an alternation of generations, with a two-sex generation and a parthenogenic generation each year.

## Parasitism

A gall provides the developing wasp with a safe refuge for this most vulnerable stage of its life cycle. However, other wasps have found a way to penetrate this defence and parasitise the larva(e) within.

Some of these parasitoids use their long, hardened egg-laying tube (ovipositor) to bore into the gall and lay an egg on the helpless gall maker. These parasitoids may, in turn, be preyed upon by other wasps, hyperparasitoids.

## Footnote

An early collector of gall wasps was Alfred Kinsey.
André Schembri

**André Schembri** (born 27 May 1986) is a Maltese football player. He plays for AC Omonia and Malta national team.

## Honours

**Marsaxlokk**
- Maltese Premier League (1): 2006–07

## Other websites

- Transfermarkt Profile

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: André Schembri
- **image**: Schembri, André.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **fullname**: André Schembri
- **birth place**: Pietà, Malta
- **currentclub**: AC Omonia
- **clubnumber**: 30
- **position**: Midfielder#Attacking midfielder, Attacking midfielder
- **youthclubs1**: Floriana F.C., Floriana
- **youthclubs2**: Hibernians F.C., Hibernians
- **years1**: 2002–2005
- **clubs1**: Hibernians F.C., Hibernians
- **years2**: 2005–2009
- **clubs2**: Marsaxlokk F.C., Marsaxlokk
- **years3**: 2007–2008
- **clubs3**: → Eintracht Braunschweig (loan)
- **years4**: 2008–2009
- **clubs4**: → FC Carl Zeiss Jena, Carl Zeiss Jena (loan)
- **years5**: 2009–2010
- **clubs5**: SK Austria Kärnten, Austria Kärnten
- **years6**: 2010–2011
- **clubs6**: Ferencvárosi TC, Ferencváros
- **years7**: 2011–2012
- **clubs7**: Panionios G.S.S., Panionios
- **years8**: 2012–
- **clubs8**: AC Omonia
- **caps1**: 44
- **goals1**: 10
- **caps2**: 51
- **goals2**: 24
- **caps3**: 29
- **goals3**: 9
- **caps4**: 32
- **goals4**: 4
- **caps5**: 13
- **goals5**: 1
- **caps6**: 36
- **goals6**: 16
- **caps7**: 24
- **goals7**: 5
- **caps8**: 25
- **goals8**: 7
- **nationalyears1**: 2004–2006
- **nationalyears2**: 2006–
- **nationalteam1**: Malta national under-21 football team, Malta U21
- **nationalteam2**: Malta national football team, Malta
- **nationalcaps1**: 13
- **nationalgoals1**: 4
- **nationalcaps2**: 50
- **nationalgoals2**: 3
- **pcupdate**: 29 January 2012
- **ntupdate**: 8 October 2011
Steatorrhea

**Steatorrhea** means excess undigested fat in feces. In this case, the feces is often lighter, sometimes whitish, in color. It produces a fouler-than-usual, sour-rancid smell, and floats on the surface of the water as opposed to sinking to the bottom of the toilet bowl.

Steatorrhea is caused by the inability to digest and absorb fat in the diet. It may be helped in some cases by taking enzymes, such as those usually produced by the body, which digest fat.

Research should be done, and a doctor consulted if necessary, to determine the cause of the inability to digest and absorb fat.

The causes range from mild to very severe and life-threatenting, so simply treating symptoms may not be enough.
Meijer

**Meijer** is an American chain of hypermarkets. There are Meijer stores in Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana. Meijer sells other products as well as their own brands. The chain was ranked Number 13 on Forbes' 2011 list of "America's Largest Private Companies".DitchCarbon reports that in 2020 Meijer disclosed Scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions of approximately 1,778,081 kg CO2e from refrigerants, cascaded from its parent company, but did not publish corresponding Scope 2 or Scope 3 data. The profile also notes that Meijer has not set specific emissions-reduction targets or Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) climate pledges in the dataset.
Rockland County, New York

**Rockland County** is a county in the U.S. state of New York. It is about 20 miles north of downtown New York City. About 300,000 people live there. The county has five towns: Orangetown, Clarkstown, Haverstraw, Stony Point, and Ramapo. The towns are divided into hamlets. The county seat is in New City. The largest village is Spring Valley. Rockland has a minor league baseball team, the New York Boulders.

## History

The county was first settled by Native Americans who lived there for many years. It was later found by explorer Henry Hudson when he sailed up the Hudson River in the 1600s. Soon after, many English colonists moved to the area, and formed the first towns. The county was involved in the American Revolution, and an important battle took place there.

After America won its independence, the county remained mainly rural, meaning most of it was farms and forests. This continued until the Tappan-Zee Bridge and Palisades Parkway were opened in the 1950s. These roads connected the county to New York City, allowing people to drive there. This caused more people to move to Rockland.

## Other websites

- Rockland County official website
- The Historical Society of Rockland County
Baldwin II, Count of Flanders

**Baldwin II** ( 865–918), Called Baldwin "the Bald" (), was a French nobleman and the second count of Flanders. He ruled from 879 until his death.

## Career

Born  he was the son of Baldwin I, Count of Flanders and Judith, a daughter of Charles the Bald. Through his mother he was a descendant of Charlemagne. Baldwin wanted to keep a good trading relationship with England. So in 884 Baldwin married Ælfthryth, a daughter of King Alfred the Great of England. This high-profile marriage raised the status of Baldwin II. His children had the distinction of belonging to two of the most important royal houses in western Europe. This and later  marked the House of Flanders as one of the great princely houses of Europe.

When he first started ruling Flanders there were a number of very damaging Viking raids. They plundered everywhere except the area north of the Somme river. By 883 Baldwin was forced northward to the flat marshes of Flanders which became the territory most closely associated with the counts of Flanders from then on. Baldwin had built a series of wooden fortifications at Saint-Omer, Bruges, Ghent, and Courtrai. He also seized those lands and fortresses abandoned by royal and church officials. Baldwin had many of these same citadels used by his government, militia and local courts.

In 888 the west Frankish king Charles the Fat was deposed. There were several candidates to be king in his place. Because he was a grandson of Charles the Bald, Holy Roman Emperor and King of West Francia, Baldwin was eligible to be king. But he did not compete for the crown of western Francia. Instead Baldwin joined others in trying to convince the East Frankish king Arnulf to also take the west Frankish crown. But Arnulf was not interested. Odo, Count of Paris, was elected king But Odo did not want Baldwin to gaining control of the abbey of St. Bertin. This was a rich prize and caused Baldwin to not support Odo.  The new king attacked Baldwin at Bruges but could not defeat him. Baldwin continued moving his borders to the south and gained control of Artois. He also got control of the important abbey of St. Vaast. When control of the abbey was given to Archbishop Fulk of Reims in 900, Baldwin had him killed. When his attempts to expand further into the upper Somme River valley were opposed by Herbert I, Count of Vermandois Baldwin also had him killed.

Baldwin II died 10 September 918 at Blandinberg (near Ghent) and was succeeded by his eldest son Arnulf I of Flanders. His younger son Adalulf was (the first) count of Boulogne.

## Family

He married Elftryth, a daughter of Alfred the Great, King of England. They had the following children:

- Arnulf I (c. 890–964), succeeded his father as count of Flanders.
- Adalulf (c. 890–933), Count of Boulogne.
- Ealswid.
- Ermentrud.
Flan

A **Flan** is a kind of tart found in British cuisine. It consists of an open pastry or sponge case holding a sweet or savoury filling. A typical flan is round, with shortcrust pastry.

## Recipe

Flan Brillat-Savarin, a savoury flan named in honour of the French gastronome Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin:
1. Bake blind a savoury flan case
1. Fill the cooked flan case with a mixture of scrambled eggs and truffles
1. Slice more truffles, heat in butter, season, and arrange on the egg mixture.
1. Sprinkle with grated Parmesan cheese, and put in an oven or under a grill (broiler) to brown well.

## Related pages

- Quiche

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Flan
- **caption**: Flan
- **country**: Great Britain
- **type**: Tart
- **main ingredient**: Pastry
Timbale (food)

A **timbale** is a sweet pie-type food that is eaten as a dessert. The kind of pan it is cooked in is also called a timbale.

There are several variations of this. One example is the Timbale Brillat-Savarin, which is named in honour of the French gourmand Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin.
Upside-down cake

An **upside-down cake** is a cake that is baked in a single pan, then turned over and eaten with the bottom of the cake facing upwards. Usually, chopped fruits  and a topping of butter and sugar are placed on the bottom of the pan before the batter is poured in. When the cake is turned over, the fruit sits on the top of the cake.

Traditional versions include the American pineapple upside-down cake, the French Tarte Tatin, and the Brazilian Bolo de banana.

The first mention of such a cake in writing was in 1930, but the cake is somewhat older.

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Upside-down cake
- **image**: Pineapple upsidedown cake 9.jpg
- **upright**: 1.15
- **caption**: Pineapple upside-down cake
- **type**: Cake
- **main ingredient**: Batter (cooking), Batter, fruit (apples, pineapples, cherries)
Game pie

**Game pie** is a kind of meat pie made with game. It has been made since Roman times.

Its main ingredients, then and now, are wild birds and animals such as partridge, pheasant, deer and hare. The pies became very elaborate during the 18th century in England. They developed complex recipes and special moulds and serving dishes. The versions cooked today are more simple, but they still include rabbit, venison, pigeon, pheasant, and other game meats.

The _Oreiller de la Belle Aurore_ is an elaborate game pie named after Claudine-Aurore Récamier, the mother of Brillat-Savarin. The large square pie, which was one of her son's favorite meals, contains a variety of game birds and their livers, veal, pork, truffles, aspic, and more, in puff pastry. It is described in the classic encyclopedia of gastronomy, the Larousse Gastronomique. It is one of three pies named after people from Brillat-Savarin's home town of Belley (later called Bugey). They were described by Lucien Tenret.

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Game pie
- **image**: Game Pie and Chips in Gravy.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **country**: Roman Empire
- **type**: Meat pie
- **main ingredient**: Game (food), Game
Tappan Zee Bridge

The **Tappan Zee Bridge** is a bridge in the Hudson Valley region of New York. It is three miles long. It goes across the Hudson River. It connects Westchester and Rockland Counties. The bridge opened in 1955. It took traffic from other bridges and ferries in the area. The bridge is about  north of New York City. The city can be seen from the bridge on a clear day. The bridge carries seven lanes of the New York State Thruway.

The bridge is named for a Native American tribe from the area called the "Tappan". _Zee_ is the Dutch word for "sea", as the bridge crosses water.

At the beginning of the 21st century the bridge was old and too small for the traffic. People in the region argued for years for a new bridge, which replaced the old one in 2017. The old bridge was demolished in January 2019.

## Construction of new bridge

In 2013, the New York State Thruway Authority began building the New Tappan Zee Bridge. It will be a double-span bridge (four lanes per span in opposite directions) with designated bus lanes.The new bridge opened to traffic on August 26, 2017 for the westbound/northbound span. The eastbound/southbound span opened on September 11, 2018. The new span carries 10 lanes (4 lanes and with a bus lane in each direction) along with 2 pedestrian/bicycle lanes.

An October 14, 2012, _Newsday_ article reports the Tappan Zee Bridge has been referred to as the Golden Gate Bridge of the East because of many suicide jumpers. The article says "The new Tappan Zee, which is in the works, will include fencing designed to thwart jumpers."

## Infobox (bridge)

- **bridge name**: Governor Malcolm Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge
- **image**: Mario Cuomo Bridge Overhead.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: The Tappan Zee Bridge in 2020
- **official name**: Governor Malcolm Wilson Tappan Zee Bridge
- **carries**: 7 lanes (3 northbound/westbound, 3 southbound/eastbound, 1 reversible) of
- **crosses**: Hudson River
- **locale**: Connecting Grand View-on-Hudson, New York, Grand View-on-Hudson, Rockland County, New York and Tarrytown, New York, Tarrytown, Westchester County, New York in the Lower Hudson Valley
- **maint**: New York State Thruway Authority
- **design**: Cantilever bridge
- **traffic**: 134,947 (2010)
- **open**: December 14, 1955
- **closed**: October 6, 2017
- **destroyed**: * January 15, 2019 (eastern span)
* May 12, 2019 (western span)
- **replaced by**: Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present), Mario M. Cuomo Bridge
Antipope Benedict XIII

**Benedict XIII** (born Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor; 1328–23 May 1423), known as _el Papa Luna_ in Spanish, was an Aragonese nobleman who claimed to be Pope during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church officially considers him an antipope.

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: antipope
- **honorific-prefix**: Antipope
- **name**: Benedict XIII
- **title**: el Papa Luna
- **image**: Pape avignon benoit13.jpg
- **diocese**: Diocese of Avignon, Avignon, France in the Middle Ages, France
- **elected**: 28 September 1394
- **enthroned**: 11 October 1394
- **quashed**: 12 March 1403
- **ended**: 23 May 1423
- **predecessor**: Antipope Clement VII
- **opposed**: Pope Boniface IX
- **successor**: Antipope Clement VIII
- **other post**: Santa Maria in Cosmedin, Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin
- **previous post**: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Avignon, Apostolic Administrator of Avignon (28 September 1394–1398)
- **ordination**: 3 October 1394
- **ordained by**: Jean de Neufchatel
- **consecration**: 11 October 1394
- **consecrated by**: Jean de Neufchatel
- **cardinal**: 20 December 1375
- **rank**: Cardinal-Deacon
- **birth name**: Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor
- **birth date**: 1328
- **birth place**: Illueca, Crown of Aragon
- **death place**: Peñíscola, Crown of Aragon
- **buried**: Castillo Palacio del Papa Luna, Illueca (skull)
- **occupation**: Professor
- **profession**: Canon law (Catholic Church), Canon law
- **alma mater**: University of Montpellier
- **coat of arms**: C o a Benedetto XIII (Avignone).svg
- **other**: Benedict
Mario Party: Island Tour

***Mario Party: Island Tour*** is a party video game for the Nintendo 3DS game console. It is the 13th game in the _Mario Party_ series. It has seven boards and 81 minigames. It was released on November 22, 2013.

## Gameplay

The gameplay is similar to past games in the _Mario Party_ series. Players go around boards by hitting dice, and play minigames. It features augmented reality (a live view of a real-world area which have things such as sound, video, or graphics added by a computer) and StreetPass.

## Infobox (video game)

- **caption**: Packaging artwork released for all territories.
- **developer**: Nd Cube
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **director**: Yukio Umematsu
- **producer**: Miyuki Hirose
Atsushi Ikeda
- **composer**: Rei Kondoh
Sara Sakurai
Satoshi Okubo
- **series**: _Mario Party_
- **platforms**: Nintendo 3DS
- **genre**: Party video game, Party
- **modes**: Single player
Multiplayer
Charles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter

**Charles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter** (24 April 1828 - 23 February 1899) was a French librettist, translator, and librarian. He is best remembered for having written the libretto for the ballet, _Coppélia_ and for having helped translate Richard Wagner's earliest operas into French.
Arthur Saint-Léon

**Arthur Saint-Léon** (September 17, 1821 – September 2, 1870) was born in Paris, France. He was Ballet Master of the St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet from 1859 until 1869. He is best known for choreographing _Coppélia_.
Nephew and niece

A **nephew** is the son of someone's brother or sister. A **niece** is the daughter of the person's brother or sister. To the nephew or niece, the person is their uncle or aunt. The relationship of aunt/uncle to niece/nephew is an example of second-degree relatives, meaning that their coefficient of relationship is 25%. In some cultures and families, it is common to call the child of one's cousin a "niece" or "nephew". In old English, the son of one's sister was called a _sister-son_.

## Detail

A sororal or fraternal relative is one who is related through their sister or brother. For example a sororal niece is the subject's sister's child. An in-law is a relationship that is not by blood, but instead by marriage. The in-law shares the in-law relationships of the spouses relatives. For niece or nephew in-law could be the child of a spouse.

### Women

- **niece**: sibling's daughter.
- **half-niece**: half-sibling's daughter
- **sororal niece**: sister's daughter.
- **fraternal niece**: brother's daughter.
- **double-half-niece**: a person who is a daughter of both of the subjects half-siblings.
- **grandniece** (or **great-niece**): sibling's granddaughter.
- **great-grandniece** (or **great-great-niece**): sibling's great-granddaughter.
- **niece-in-law**: spouse's niece.
- **niece-in-law**: nephew/niece's wife.
- **co-niece-in-law**: spouse's nephew/niece's wife.
- **stepniece**: stepsibling's daughter.
- **stepniece**: sibling's stepdaughter.

### Men

- **nephew**: sibling's son.
- **half-nephew**: half-sibling's son.
- **sororal nephew**: sister's son.
- **fraternal nephew**: brother's son.
- **double-half-nephew**: a person who is a son of both of the subjects half-siblings.
- **grandnephew** (or **great-nephew**): sibling's grandson.
- **great-grandnephew** (or **great-great-nephew**): sibling's great-grandson.
- **nephew-in-law**: spouse's nephew.
- **nephew-in-law**: nephew/niece's husband.
- **co-nephew-in-law**: spouse's nephew/niece's husband.
- **stepnephew**: stepsibling's son.
- **stepnephew**: sibling's stepson.
Rodan

**Rodan** is a fictional monster who appears in movies from Japan. He first appeared in _Rodan_, a 1956 kaiju movie from Toho Studios. Since then, he has appeared in several _Godzilla_ movies. He is a very large pterosaur. He can release sonic booms from his body, which destroy anything it hits.

## Appearances

- _Rodan_ (1956)
- _Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster_ (1964)
- _Invasion of Astro-Monster_ or _Monster Zero_ (US release) (1965)
- _Destroy All Monsters_ (1968)
- _Godzilla vs. Gigan_ (1972) (stock footage)
- _Godzilla vs. Megalon_ (1973) (stock footage)
- _Terror of Mechagodzilla_ (1975) (stock footage)
- _Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II_ (1993; also as "Fire Rodan")
- _Monster Planet Of Godzilla_ (1994)
- _Godzilla Island_ (1997)
- _Godzilla Final Wars_ (2004)
Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009

**Hungary** participated in the **Eurovision Song Contest 2009**. Hungary represented Zoli Adok with the song "Dance with Me". That song he performed in second semi final and failed to qualify Hungary to the final for a second successive year.
Arnulf I, Count of Flanders

**Arnulf of Flanders** (–964), called **the Great**, was a French nobleman and the third count of Flanders. He ruled from 918 until his death. He ruled an expanded County of Flanders, an area that is now northwestern Belgium and southwestern Netherlands.

## Career

Arnulf, born , was the son of count Baldwin II, Count of Flanders and Ælfthryth of Wessex. She was a daughter of Alfred the Great. Through his mother he was a descendant of the Anglo-Saxon kings of England. Through his father he was a descendant of Charlemagne. Arnulf was named after Saint Arnulf of Metz, a progenitor of the Carolingian dynasty.

At the death of their father in 918 Arnulf became Count of Flanders. His brother Adelolf succeeded to the County of Boulogne. When Adeloft died in 933 Arnulf took control of Boulogne and Ternois. His nephews were still young so it was probably as their guardian. Later he gave the countship of Boulogne to his nephew, Arnulf II.

Arnulf I greatly expanded Flemish rule to the south. He took over all or part of Artois, Ponthieu, Amiens, and Ostrevent. Arnulf exploited the conflicts between Charles the Simple and Robert I of France, and later those between Louis IV and his barons. In his southern expansion Arnulf had conflict with the Normans. They were trying to secure their northern frontier. This led to the 942 murder of the Duke of Normandy, William Longsword, at the hands of Arnulf's men. The Vikings became less of a threat during the later years of Arnulf's life. He worked on reforming his county government.

Arnulf's son, Baldwin III died in 962 leaving Arnold a crisis of succession. Baldwin's son Arnulf II 'the Young' was still a child and his succession was disputed. Arnulf offered the king, Lothair of France, Artois, Ponthieu, and Ostrevant in exchange for the king's protection of Arnulf II. His grandson inherited a weakened county of Flanders when he came of age. Arnold died on 27 March 964.

## Family

The name of Arnulf's first wife is unknown but he had at least one daughter by her:

- Name unknown; married Isaac of Cambrai. Their son Arnulf succeeded his father as Count of Cambrai.

In 934 he married Adele of Vermandois, daughter of Herbert II of Vermandois. Their children were:

- Hildegarde (c. 934 – 990) married Dirk II, Count of Holland. It is uncertain whether she is his daughter by his first or second wife.
- Liutgard (935–962) married Wichmann IV, Count of Hamaland.
- Egbert (died 953)
- Baldwin III, Count of Flanders (c. 940 – 962), married Mathilde of Saxony (died 1008). His son Arnulf II succeeded his grandfather, Arnulf I.
- Elftrude; married Siegfried, Count of Guînes.
Baldwin III, Count of Flanders

**Baldwin III of Flanders** called **The Young** (–962) was a French nobleman and  briefly was the fourth count of Flanders. He ruled jointly with his father Arnulf I.

## Career

Baldwin III was born , the son of Arnulf I, Count of Flanders and his second wife, Adele of Vermandois (c. 915 – 969). She was a daughter of Herbert II, Count of Vermandois. Baldwin became co-ruler of Flanders in 958 alongside his father Arnulf I.  During his short rule, Baldwin was responsible for establishing the wool manufacturing industry at Ghent and markets at other towns in Flanders. Baldwin III died on 1 January 962 of smallpox. He was  buried at the Abbey of Saint Bertin.

After Baldwin's death, Arnulf I arranged for King Lothair of France to become the guardian of Baldwin's son Arnulf II.

## Family

Shortly before 961 Baldwin married Mathilde of Saxony (died 1008). She was a daughter of Hermann Billung(died 973), Duke of Saxony. They had a son:

- Arnulf II, Count of Flanders (c. 960 – 987), who succeeded as count.
Emulsion

An **emulsion** is what you get when you put two or more liquids together and the two liquids do not mix. Immiscible liquids do not mix together. For example, if you add oil to water, the oil floats on the surface of the water. And if you shake the two together then leave them to stand, tiny droplets of oil float upwards. These droplets join together until eventually the oil is floating on the water again. To stop the two liquids separating, we need a substance called an emulsifier.

Emulsifiers are molecules that have two different ends, a hydrophilic end (water-loving) that forms chemical bonds with water but not with oils, and a hydrophobic end (water-hating lipophile) that forms chemical bonds with oils but not with water.

## Uses of Emulsion

- Usually used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, personal hygiene.
- Microemulsions are used to deliver vaccines to kill various microbes.
- It is used in chemical synthesis mainly in the manufacture of polymer dispersions.
- It is used in firefighting.
- Nanoemulsions such as soybean oil are used to kill microbes.

## Related pages

- Emulsifier
Aspall

**Aspall** is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 52 people living in Aspall. Aspall has a church called Our Lady of Grace.

## References

- GENUKI

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Aspall
- **population**: 52
- **shire district**: Mid Suffolk
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
- **os grid reference**: TM166648
Athelington

**Athelington** is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 23 people living in Athelington. Athelington has a church called St Peter.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Athelington
- **population**: 23
- **shire district**: Mid Suffolk
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
- **os grid reference**: TM207711
Badwell Ash

**Badwell Ash** is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 685 people living in Badwell Ash. Badwell Ash has a church called St Mary. Badwell Ash is about 12 miles from Bury St Edmunds and Stowmarket.

## References

- GENUKI

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Badwell Ash
- **population**: 685
- **shire district**: Mid Suffolk
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
- **os grid reference**: TL989690
Baylham

**Baylham** is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 251 people living in Baylham. Baylham has a church called St Peter.

## References

- GENUKI

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Baylham
- **population**: 251
- **shire district**: Mid Suffolk
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
- **os grid reference**: TM102516
Bedfield

**Bedfield** is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 298 people living in Bedfield. Bedfield has a church called St Nicholas. Bedfield is about 4 miles east of Debenham.

## References

- GENUKI

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Bedfield
- **population**: 298
- **shire district**: Mid Suffolk
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
- **os grid reference**: TM227664
Bedingfield

**Bedingfield** is a village and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 223 people living in Bedingfield. Bedingfield has a church called St Mary.

## References

- GENUKI

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Bedingfield
- **population**: 223
- **shire district**: Mid Suffolk
- **shire county**: Suffolk
- **region**: East of England
- **os grid reference**: TM179688
Hub

A hub is the part of a wheel that connects the wheel to its axle.

## Technology

- Ethernet hub, connects all the cables in a Local Area Network
- Port multiplier, a component in Serial ATA
- USB hub, allows connecting to many devices to a single USB port

## Transport

- Transport hub or transport interchange is a station which allows to switch between different lines in the transport network.
    - Airline hub, an airport used by an airline as a transfer point

## Places

- Hub Tehsil, a tehsil in Pakistan
    - Hub, Balochistan, the capital of the tehsil
- Hub River, a river in Pakistan

## Others

- In video games, a hub is a special Level which connects to many other levels.
- The Hub (TV channel), a television network in the United States
Firewood

**Firewood** is any wooden material that is gathered and used for fuel. It is a renewable resource. Generally, firewood is not highly processed and is in some sort of log or branch form. Firewood has been essential to human civilization for thousands of years. It's been used for heating, cooking, lighting, and even in industries.

## History

Firewood has been a crucial resource since ancient times, when humans first harnessed fire's benefits. It provided warmth, safety, and a way to cook meals. Early civilizations heavily relied on firewood, often sourcing it from forests. Ancient cultures like the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans used firewood extensively for heating, cooking, and industrial needs.

Throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance, firewood remained vital. It fueled fires in castles, monasteries, and households. Demand increased, leading communities to organize wood supplies, sometimes through cottage industries where locals gathered and sold firewood.
Steven Sharp Nelson

**Steven Sharp Nelson** is an American cellist. He is part of The Piano Guys, a YouTube music video channel. The video 'Moonlight-Electric cello' in which he is featured has had more than 7 million views on YouTube to date.

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Steven Sharp Nelson
- **image**: Steven Sharp Nelson (cropped).jpg
- **birth date**: 1977
- **birth place**: Salt Lake City, Utah
- **nationality**: American
- **known for**: Being one of The Piano Guys
Goliath birdeater spider

The **Goliath birdeater spider** is one of the biggest spiders in the world. It is a tarantula. It lives in burrows in swampy areas of northen South America. It eats insects, rodents, bats, small birds, lizards, frogs, and snakes. The spiders have fangs, but their venom is harmless to people. Hairs on their bodies can irritate human skin. Explorers named the spider when they saw one eating a hummingbird.

The female lays 100 to 200 eggs. The babies hatch in two months. The female spiders sometimes eat their mates. Females can live about 20 years, but males only live 3 to 6 years. These spiders can have a leg span of up to  and a body length of up to . They can weigh up to . The spider's living areas are threatened by real estate development.

## References

- Smithsonian Institution
- Top 10 Real Life Monsters
- Goliath Bird Eating Spider

## Other websites

- Caring for your Goliath Bird Eating Tarantula
Elijah Muhammad

**Elijah Muhammad** (born **Elijah Robert Poole**; October 7, 1897 – February 25, 1975) was an African-American religious leader, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. He was a mentor to Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan, Muhammad Ali; and his son Warith Deen Mohammed.

Muhammad was born on October 7, 1897 in Sandersville, Georgia. Poole married Clara Evans (1899–1972) on March 7, 1917. They had eight children. Muhammad died from congestive heart failure at the age of 77 on February 25, 1975, the day before Saviours' Day, at Mercy Hospital in Chicago, Illinois.

Al Freeman, Jr. played him in the 1992 movie _Malcolm X_.

## Other websites

- Elijah Muhammad's Teachings
- Nation of Islam official biography
- Seventh Family of the Nation of Islam
- Elijah Muhammad History
- Malcolm X Reloaded: Who Really Assassinated Malcolm X?
- FBI file on Elijah Muhammad
- _Booknotes_ interview with Claude Andrew Clegg III on _An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad_, March 30, 1997.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Elijah Muhammad
- **birthname**: Elijah Robert Poole
- **image**: Elijah Muhammad NYWTS-2.jpg
- **imagesize**: 230px
- **caption**: Muhammad speaking in 1964.
- **order**: Leader of the Nation of Islam
- **term start**: 1934
- **term end**: 1975
- **predecessor**: Wallace Fard Muhammad
- **successor**: Warith Deen Mohammed
- **birth place**: Sandersville, Georgia, U.S.
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **occupation**: Leader of the Nation of Islam
- **spouse**: Clara Muhammad (1917–72; her death)
(8 children)
Malcolm X (1992 movie)

***Malcolm X*** is a 1992 American biographical movie directed by Spike Lee. Its stars Denzel Washington as Malcolm X. It also stars Angela Bassett, Albert Hall, Al Freeman, Jr., and Delroy. Al Sharpton and Nelson Mandela also appear in this movie.

It received positive reviews. It was released on November 18, 1992. In 2010, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Mechagodzilla

**Mechagodzilla** is a fictional giant robot dinosaurian mecha monster who appears in movies in the _Godzilla_ series. He is Godzilla's robotic doppelgänger. He first appeared in _Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla_, a 1974 kaiju movie from Toho Studios. He is one of Godzilla's most powerful enemies.

## Movie appearances

- _Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla_ (1974)
- _Terror of Mechagodzilla_ (1975; also as "Mechagodzilla 2")
- _Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II_ (1993; also as "Super Mechagodzilla")
- _Godzilla Island_ (1997)
- _Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla_ (2002; also as "Kiryu")
- _Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S._ (2003; also as "Kiryu")
- _Godzilla vs. Kong_ (2021)
Coupling constant

Every force has a **coupling constant**, which is a measure of its strength in an interaction. The coupling constant determines the chances of one particle to emit or absorb another particle. In electromagnetism, for example, the coupling constant is based on the electric charge. A coupling constant plays an important role in dynamics.

When physicists study the quantum behaviour of electromagnetism, they can not solve the whole theory exactly, because every particle may emit and absorb many other particles, which may also do the same, endlessly. So events of emission and absorption are considered as perturbations and are dealt with by a series of approximations.

This also can happen in string theory. String theories have a coupling constant. It determines the probability that a 1-dimensional string of energy will separate into _two_ separate energy strings. But unlike in particle theories, the string coupling constant is not just a number, but depends on one of the oscillation modes of the string.
Latin dance

**Latin dance** is a general term for dance styles from the Americas and Spain. It is also a term for dances in the international latin dance syllabus: rumba, cha-cha-cha, samba, paso doble and jive.

Social latin dances include salsa, mambo, merengue, tumba, bachata, bomba, plena, cumbia, and the Argentine tango. There are many dances which were popular in the first part of the 20th century, but which are now of only historical interest. The Cuban danzón is a good example.
Arnulf II, Count of Flanders

**Arnulf II of Flanders** (–987), called **Arnulf the Young** was a French nobleman and the Count of Flanders. He ruled from 965 until his death. He ruled a much smaller County of Flanders than his father.

## Career

Arnulf II, born about 961, was the son of Baldwin III, Count of Flanders and Mathilde. She was the daughter of Herman, Duke of Saxony. His father Baldwin III died in 962 when Arnulf was just an infant. His grandfather, Arnulf I, was still alive and ruling Flanders. When Arnulf I died three years later (965), the regency was held by his kinsman Baldwin Balso. The regent Balso died in 973.

By the time Arnulf reached his age of majority in 976, Flanders had lost some of the southern territory acquired by Arnulf I. His grandfather had given some parts of Picardy to King Lothar of France to help make sure his grandson, Arnulf II would succeed him. Arnulf I also Boulogne as a fief to his nephew, Arnulf II, Count of Boulogne. Then early in Arnulf's minority King Lothar had taken Ponthieu and given it to Hugh Capet, and the first counts of Guînes had established themselves there. Arnulf died on 30 March, 987, just 26 years old.
Shortly after Arnulf's death his widow married Robert II, King of France as his first wife.

## Family

In 968 he married Rozala of Lombardy, daughter of Berengar II of Italy, and had two children:

- Baldwin IV (980–1035), who succeeded his father.
- Mathilde, who died before 995.
Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders

**Baldwin IV of Flanders** (980–1035) known as _Baldwin the Bearded_, was a French nobleman and the Count of Flanders. He ruled from 987 until his death. His reign saw Flanders grow into a powerful principality.

## Career

Baldwin IV, born c.980, was the son of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders and Rozala of Ivrea. When his father died in 987 Baldwin succeeded him as Count of Flanders . His mother, Rozala, was the regent of Flanders until he reached the age of majority. After his father's death, his mother's second marriage was arranged by Hugh Capet. She married Hugh's son Robert II, King of France as his first wife. When Robert repudiated her in 991 Baldwin rebelled. When they came to terms Artois and Ostrevant, once taken from Flanders, were returned to Baldwin.

Unlike his predecessors Baldwin was more interested in what lay east of Flanders. He left the southern part of his territory in the hands of his vassals the counts of Guînes, Hesdin, and St. Pol. Baldwin was the first count of Flanders to extend Flemish control eastward. He was given Zeeland as a fief by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II. He also received Valenciennes from the emperor. Then Baldwin obtained parts of the Cambresis as well as Saint-Omer and the northern Ternois (1120).

In the French territories the principality of Flanders remained powerful throughout the Capetian period. The Flemish economy saw strong growth during Baldwin's reign. Baldwin IV died on 30 May, 1035.

## Family

Baldwin married first, Ogive of Luxembourg. She was a daughter of Frederick of Luxembourg, by whom he had a son and heir:

- Baldwin V, Count of Flanders (1012–1067). He succeeded his father as count.

He secondly married Eleanor of Normandy, daughter of Richard II, Duke of Normandy,  by whom he had a daughter:

- Judith (1033–1094) who married Tostig Godwinson. She secondly Welf I, Duke of Bavaria.
Ribozyme

A **ribozyme** (**ribo**nucleic acid en**zyme**) is an RNA molecule that can help certain biochemical reactions. similar to the action of protein enzymes.

Also called _catalytic RNA_, ribozymes  work in the ribosome to link amino acids during protein synthesis. They also take part in RNA splicing, viral replication, and transfer RNA biosynthesis.

The 1981 discovery of ribozymes showed RNA can be both genetic material (like DNA) and a biological catalyst (like enzymes). This led to the RNA world hypothesis, in which RNA acts in the evolution of prebiotic self-replicating systems.

Investigators studying the origin of life have produced ribozymes in the laboratory that can catalyze their own synthesis under certain conditions, such as an RNA polymerase ribozyme. Improved variants of the "Round-18" polymerase ribozyme have been developed. "B6.61" is able to add up to 20 nucleotides to a primer template in 24 hours, until it decomposes by cleavage of its phosphodiester bonds. The "tC19Z" ribozyme can add up to 95 nucleotides with great accuracy.

Some ribozymes may play an important role as therapeutic agents, as enzymes which target defined RNA sequences for cleavage, as biosensors, and for applications in genomics and gene discovery.

## History

In 1967, Carl Woese, Francis Crick, and Leslie Orgel suggested that RNA could act as a catalyst. It was discovered that RNA can form complex secondary structures.

The first ribozymes were discovered in the 1980s. In 1989, Thomas Cech and Sidney Altman won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their "discovery of catalytic properties of RNA".
Violin Concertos (Mozart)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote at least five **violin concertos** between 1773 and 1776 in Salzburg, Austria, most likely for his own use as concertmaster of the Archbishop of Salzburg's orchestra.

## Violin Concerto No. 1 in B-flat major, K. 207

This concerto is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns and strings, and was composed in Salzburg on April 14, 1773 or 1775. The date is uncertain. There are three movements: Allegro moderato; Adagio; Presto.

All three movements are written in sonata form, a form reserved by classical composers for their more serious works. The second movement is marked Adagio, a more intense tempo than Mozart's usual Andantes.

## Violin Concerto No. 2 in D major, K. 211

The D major concerto is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns, and strings. It was written in Salzburg and dated June 14, 1775. It consists of three movements: Allegro moderato; Andante; (Rondeau) Allegro.

## Violin Concerto No. 3 in G major, "Strassburg", K. 216

This concerto is scored for violin solo, 2 flutes (second movement only), 2 oboes (tacet in the second movement), 2 horns, and strings. It was composed in Salzburg and is dated September 12, 1775. It consists of three movements: Allegro; Adagio; (Rondeau) Allegro.

## Violin Concerto No. 4 in D major, K. 218

The fourth concerto in D major is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns, and strings. It was composed in Salzburg, and is dated October 1775. The autograph of the score is kept in Biblioteka Jagiellońska, Kraków.
- _Allegro_.
- _Andante cantabile_. This movement is written in the concerto's dominant key of A major.  It begins with a broad opening theme that occurs again in the middle of the piece, and again in the coda. The movement focuses on expressive melody rather than virtuoso display. The opening theme returns in 6/8 meter in the third movement's _Allegro ma non troppo_ section. Mozart first used the theme in the Concertone in C major, K. 190.
- _Andante grazioso_.

## Violin Concerto No. 5 in A major, "Turkish", K. 219

The fifth concerto in A major is scored for violin solo, 2 oboes, 2 horns, and strings. It was written in Salzburg and is dated December 20, 1775. It consists of three movements: Allegro aperto; Adagio; (Rondeau) Tempo di Menuetto.

## Two Other Concertos of Controversial Attribution

A sixth concerto, in E flat major, was at one time attributed to Mozart   but is now attributed instead to Johann Friedrich Eck.

Violin Concerto No. 7 in D Major, also called the Kolb Concerto.
Samurai Pizza Cats

***Samurai Pizza Cats*** is a television anime series produced by Saban. It is an English version of the Japanese anime series _ Kyatto Ninden Teyandee_, which aired on TV Tokyo from February 1, 1990 to February 12, 1991. It aired for 54 episodes. It was very popular among English anime fans because of its references to pop culture and the crazy nature of the show.

## Plot

The series is about a group of three robotic samurai cats (Rick Gomez, Tress MacNeille, Paul Reubens) called the Samurai Pizza Cats who protect the city of Little Tokyo from crime. Little Tokyo is a mechanical city which combines feudal Japanese culture with present day culture. When they are not fighting crime, the Samurai Pizza Cats work at the city's pizzeria.

## Cast

- Rick Gomez as Speedy Cerviche
- Tress MacNeille as Polly Esther
- Paul Reubens as Guido Anchovy
- Jess Harnell as Guru Lou
- Don Messick as Big Cheese
- Billy West as Al Dente
- Sally Struthers as Lucille
- Kath Soucie as Francine
- Maurice LaMarche as Spritz
- Charlie Adler as Bad Bird
- Nancy Cartwright as Junior
- Dee Bradley Baker as Crow

## Other websites

- _Samurai Pizza Cats_ at the Anime News Network's Encyclopedia

## Infobox (animanga/header)

- **name**: Samurai Pizza Cats


## Infobox (animanga/video)

- **type**: TV series
- **director**: Kunitoshi Okajima
- **producer**: Andy Thomas (producer)
Winston Richard (executive producer)
- **studio**: Tatsunoko Production
- **first**: February 1, 1990
- **last**: February 12, 1991
- **episodes**: 52
- **episode list**: List of Samurai Pizza Cats episodes


## Infobox (animanga/footer)
Latte

**Latte** is a kind of coffee made with espresso and hot milk.

## Related pages

- Mate (drink)