juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ajmer

**Ajmer** is a city in Rajasthan, India. Ajmer is the headquarters of the Ajmer district. The city was established as "_Ajayameru_" by a Chahamana ruler, either Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II, and served as their capital until the 12th century CE.

Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains. Ajmer had been a municipality since 1869. Ajmer has been selected as one of the heritage cities for the HRIDAY and Smart City Mission schemes of the Government of India.

## Tourism

The main tourist places here are the Ajmer Sharif, Taragarh Fort, Soniji Ki Nasiyan, Nareli Jain Temple and many attracts tourists. The Pushkar Lake is located 11km away from Ajmer.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ajmer
- **settlement type**: City
- **image caption**: <div> **Clockwise from the top:
**     Prithviraj Chauhan Statue, Ajmer Sharif Dargah, Mayo College</div>
- **pushpin map**: India#India Rajasthan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Rajasthan
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **subdivision name2**: Ajmer District, Ajmer
- **founder**: Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II
- **named for**: Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II
- **government type**: Municipal Corporation
- **governing body**: Ajmer Municipal Corporation
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Braj Lata Hada (BJP)
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 55
- **elevation m**: 480
- **population total**: 542,321
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population urban**: 551,101
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **postal code type**: Postal Index Number, PIN
- **postal code**: 305001 to 305023
- **area code**: 0145, +91145
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **registration plate**: RJ-01(Ajmer)
RJ-36 (Beawar)
RJ-42 (Kishangarh)
RJ-48 (Kekri)
Arrondissements of the Aube department

There are 3 **arrondissements in the Aube department**.

The arrondissements of Aube are:

|INSEE code !! Arrondissement !! Capital !! Population (2014) !! width="50px" | Area (km²) !! Density (Inh./km²) !! _Communes_|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|101|Bar-sur-Aube|Bar-sur-Aube|28,733|1,193.3||104|
|102|Nogent-sur-Seine|Nogent-sur-Seine|54,177|1,245.3||80|
|123|Troyes|Troyes|225,184|3,565.7||247|

## History

Since its creation, the Aube department has had few changes:
- 1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Nogent-sur-Seine, Arcis-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Seine, Ervy and Troyes; the capital was Troyes.
- 1800 : creation of five arrondissements: Arcis-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Seine, Nogent-sur-Seine and Troyes.
- 1926 : the arrondissements of Arcis-sur-Aube et Bar-sur-Seine were eliminated.

## Related pages

- List of arrondissements of France
A14 road (England)

The **A14** is a major road in England. It is a trunk road which runs roughly east to west,   from the Port of Felixstowe, Suffolk to the  junction of the M1 and M6 motorways near Rugby, Warwickshire. Along the way, it crosses the ancient main north-south route of Watling Street, now the A1.

The road forms part of the  Trans European Road Network, and runs mostly through Suffolk, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.

It is part of unsigned Euroroutes E24 and E30.
Karaikal Ammaiyar Temple

The **Karaikal Ammaiyar Temple** is the Hindu temple in Karaikal of Pondicherry Union territory, India. It is dedicated to goddess Karaikal Ammaiyar, one of the 63 nayanmars of Shaiva. She is one of the renowned goddess in Karaikal.The earliest findings of Carnatic Music poetry were told to be sung by Karaikal Ammaiyar in praise of Lord Shiva in Thiruvalangadu, a village.

## History

The temple of Karaikal Ammaiyar was constructed by Malaiperumal Pillai in the year 1929. Malaiperumal Pillai was born in Karaikal in the year 1890 and dead in 1937.The Ammaiyar temple has the sanctums for goddess Karaikal Ammaiyar, Lord Somanathar (Lord Shiva) & Lord Vinayaka.

## Important festivals

The mangani (Mango) festival celebrated is the most famous festival in Karaikal.On the month of Aani(June-July), this festival is celebrated every year. This was since Lord Shiva in procession as Bikshatadanamurthi came to the world begging. In Karaikal, Ammaiyar gave him a mango and curd rice. The festival is considered spiritual because it is said that the women participating in the festival and eating the mango thrown, will be given the boon of child.
Kadapa

**Kadapa** is a city in Rayalseema region of Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the Kadapa district.The city is said to be nicknamed "Gadapa" (threshold), as it is the gateway to the sacred Tirumala hills from the west. The city is surrounded by Nallamala and Palakonda hills.The city is known for its spicy and culinary food.

Kadapa is one of the fastest growing cities in Andhra Pradesh. As of the 2011 Census of India, the city had a population of 344,078. The literacy rate of the city is 79.34%. Telugu is the widely spoken language in Kadapa. English, Hindi and Urdu are the other languages that are spoken in Kadapa.

For transportation, Kadapa has its own airport and railway stations. Kadapa Airport is a domestic airport. The Mumbai-Chennai line, one of the busiest railway line passes through Kadapa Railway station .
Vadodara

**Vadodara** is the city in Gujarat, India. It used to be called Baroda. It is the administrative capital or headquarters of Vadodara district in Gujarat. The city is on the banks of Vishwamitri River. The city is famous for Lakshmi Vilas Palace, an excellent architectural palace. It is also the place for the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (Vadodara), the largest university in the state.

The city is an important place of industrial, educational and cultural centre in India. Vadodara has its own airport. The Vadodara Airport has good connectivity with Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and other main airports. An international terminal was built and was inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi in 2016. Vadodara Railway Station is one of the busiest railway station in Gujarat. It deals with about 150 trains daily.

As of the 2011 census, Vadodara metropolitan area had a population of 3,565,771. Gujarati, Urdu, Marathi and Hindi are the widely spoken languages in Vadodara. Vadodara has the oldest cricket ground in Asia, the Moti Baug Stadium. Vadodara is the birthplace of cricketers like Yusuf Pathan, Irfan Pathan, Nayan Mongia, Deepak Hooda, Hardik Pandya, Krunal Pandya, Ambati Rayudu and Kiran More.
Vijayawada

**Vijayawada** is the second largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is on the banks of Krishna River. Vijayawada is a municipal corporation and headquarters of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority and Vijayawada mandal. It is also known as the business capital of Andhra Pradesh. This is because it is one of the major trading and business center of the state.

Vijayawada is the second largest city after the Visakhapatnam port city, in Andhra Pradesh. The city is recognised as the Global City of the Future by _McKinsey Quarterly_. According to the 2011 census the total population of the city is 1,034,358. The urban area population is 1,476,931. The literacy rate of the city is 82.59%.

Vijayawada Railway station is an important junction in the south central railway zone. Vijayawada Airport is well connected with nearby cities such as Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Tirupati and Kadapa.

Vijayawada is also known for its cultural, historical and educational importance. The city has famous places like Kanaka Durga Temple, Prakasam Barrage, Bhavani Island and Gandhi Hill.

It is a major center for automobile body building, transport and small-scale industries. Vijayawada is also a hub for education with many colleges and coaching institutes. The climate is hot in summer and mild in winter. The city is growing quickly and is one of the key urban areas in southern India.
Vellore

Vellore is an important city in Tamil Nadu, India. It is the headquarters of Vellore district. It is located on the banks of Palar River.The area of Vellore covers about 153.14km<sup>2</sup>.The total population of Vellore city is 423,425 as per 2001 census.Vellore is the base place where two of India's top 10 educational institutions located.They are:Christian Medical College Hospital and VIT University.

Vellore region is the top exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Vellore leather accounts for more than 37% of the country's export of leather and leather-related products.

Vellore Fort, Science Park, Vainu Bappu Observatory, Amirthi Zoological Park, Religious places such as Jalakandeswarar Temple, Srilakshmi Golden Temple, Big Mosque and St. John's Church and Yelagiri Hill station are the  top tourist attractions in and around Vellore.
Warangal

**Warangal** is a city in Telangana, India. It is the headquarters of Warangal district in Telengana. Warangal is the second largest city after Hyderabad by both area as well as population. 811,844 people live in Warangal.

Warangal is one of 12 heritage cities in the country chosen for Scheme HRIDAY – Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana by Government of India. It is also selected as a smart city in the "fast-track competition", so it may get additional investment to improve the urban infrastructure and industrial opportunities under Smart Cities Mission.

Warangal was the capital of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1195 CE until that ruling family was defeated by the Delhi Sultanate in 1323. The city was then renamed as Sultanpur. After the Telangana movement, Telangana state was formed on 2 June 2014, Warangal became part of Telangana State. Bhadrakali Lake and Waddepally Lake are the two famous lakes are the major sources of drinking water.
James Gillray

**James Gillray** (13 August 1756 or 1757 – 1 June 1815) was a British caricaturist and printmaker. He was famous for his cartoons. They were etched political and social satires, mainly published between 1792 and 1810.

Gillray has been called "the father of the political cartoon". He satirized George III, prime ministers and generals. He was one of the two most influential cartoonists of that time: the other was William Hogarth. Gillray's wit and humour, knowledge of life, and fine drawing, gave him the first place among caricaturists.

The name of Gillray's publisher and print seller was Miss Hannah Humphrey. Her shop is always associated with the caricaturist. Gillray lived with Miss (often called Mrs) Humphrey for the entire period of his fame.

Although he satirized George III as "Farmer George", his main target was the gluttonous Prince of Wales (later George IV). Napoleon was another favourite target. Gillray was especially hard on the rich, the famous and the most powerful people.

Many of his prints were sent  to Germany and reprinted in the magasine London und Paris.
The Elf on the Shelf

***The Elf on the Shelf: A Christmas Tradition***  is a 2004 children's picture book. It was written by Carol Aebersold and her daughter Chanda Bell. The book was illustrated by Coë Steinwart. It tells a Christmas-themed story, written in rhyme. The story explains how Santa Claus knows who is naughty and who is nice. It describes elves visiting children between Thanksgiving and Christmas Eve, after which they return to the North Pole until the next holiday season.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Elf on the Shelf: A Christmas Tradition
- **border**: yes
- **author**: Carol Aebersold
Chanda Bell
- **illustrator**: Coë Steinwart
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Picture book
- **publisher**: CCA and B Publishing
- **pub date**: 2005
- **english pub date**: 2005
- **isbn**: 978-0-9769907-9-6
Debutante

A **debutante** is a young woman who is first introduced into society. In former times, these young ladies would be part of nobility, or the upper class. Originally, the term meant the young person was now old enough to be married. The purpose of the coming out was to display her to eligible bachelors and their families. The term comes from French, and can be translated as "beginner".

In those days, a young lady of quality could not meet anyone unless they were introduced to her. This introduction could happen at an event (such as a ball) which was part of the 'season'. In the United Kingdom there was a formal presentation of the debutants to the monarch at the Royal Court (abolished by the late Queen Elizabeth II in 1957). According to the peerage guide Debrett's, the traditional social season runs from April to August. The dress code for debutantes is traditionally a pure white ball gown and white evening gloves.
Fentanyl

**Fentanyl** (sometimes spelled **fentanil**) is a synthetic opioid that is used as a painkiller. It also acts as a sedative. It has a short duration of action and works rapidly. The two most common forms are patches that are put on the skin, and an intravenous solution. Paul Janssen developed Fentanyl in 1960. It is 50-100 times more potent as morphine. Its strength means that much less Fentanyl is needed to get the same effect, but it also wears off faster.

The effects of the intravenous solution can be seen within the first 25 to 35 seconds, the peak happening within just 5 to 7 minutes. In 3 to 7 hours, the half life of fentanyl means that concentration in the bloodstream will be half, and it will be halved again every 3-7 hours after that. The drug is excreted 75% in feces and 9% in urine The range depends on the metabolism and excretion of the users own body.

Many deaths have resulted from its improper use. Fentanyl has a relatively wide therapeutic index (270) which makes it a very safe surgical anesthetic when monitored carefully. Because it is so potent, finding the right dose to use requires great care: Fentanyl comes as a highly diluted solution. There is also a powder, but its use is impractical without advanced scientific equipment: The effective dose needed and a lethal dose of fentanyl powder placed next to each other would be difficult or impossible to differentiate with the naked eye.

Non-medical use of fentanyl by people without opioid tolerance can be very dangerous and has resulted in many deaths. Even people with opiate tolerance are at high risk of overdoses. Fentanyl is used as a recreational drug. This has led to thousands of overdose deaths each year from 2000 to 2015. It is now _the leading cause of death for young adults in the US_. It is also the main cause of death in British Columbia for people aged between 10 and 59.

Most of it comes from Mexico.  As it is so powerful the quantities are very small. All the fentanyl needed to supply the US for a year weighs about 5 tonnes. This makes it hard to stop. Very few people are needed to make it. Heroin is not used so much now because fentanyl is more profitable. It has not spread much outside North America.

## Related pages

- List of fentanyl analogues
- Opioid epidemic in the United States

## Infobox (drug)

- **watchedfields**: changed
- **verifiedrevid**: 443760208
- **image**: Fentanyl2DCSD.svg
- **image2**: Fentanyl-xtal-3D-balls.png
- **iupac name**: _N_-phenyl-_N_-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]propanamide
- **c**: 22
- **h**: 28
- **n**: 2
- **o**: 1
- **smiles**: O=C(CC)N(C1CCN(CC1)CCc2ccccc2)c3ccccc3
Aube (river)

The **Aube** is a river in France. It is a right tributary of the Seine. The Aube department is named after the river.

## Geography

The Aube river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Arcis-sur-Aube in the Aube department.

### Course

The source of the Aube river is in the Langres Plateau, in the _commune_ of Praslay, at an altitude of about , in the Haute-Marne department.

The Aube river flows through 2 regions, 4 departments and 80 _communes_. It flows through the following _communes_, among others:
- Haute-Marne (Grand Est region) : Auberive, Laferté-sur-Aube
- Côte-d'Or (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region) : Montigny-sur-Aube
- Aube (Grand Est region) : Bar-sur-Aube, Brienne-le-Château, Ramerupt, Arcis-sur-Aube
- Marne (Grand Est region) : Anglure

Finally, it flows into the Seine river in the town of Marcilly-sur-Seine in the Marne department.

## Main tributaries

The main tributaries of the Aube river are:

**Left tributaries**:
- Auzon - 39.5 km

**Right tributaries**:
- Aujon - 68 km
- Voire - 56 km
- Huitrelle - 23.4 km
- Superbe- 39.5 km

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Aube
- **image**: Rivière Aube sortie Bar sur Aube.JPG
- **map**: Cours de l'Aube.png
- **image caption**: Aube at Bar-sur-Aube
- **source1 location**: Champagne-Ardenne
- **mouth location**: Seine
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: France
Therapeutic index

The **therapeutic index** is a number that tells how safe it is to use a drug. It is found by dividing two numbers: the dose needed so that half of all people show the wanted result and the dose which will kill half of them.
Geodetic datum

A **geodetic datum** is used to locate a given position when using a set of reference, such as a map. That way a set of coordinates might reference an exact location on the map.
Sic semper tyrannis

**Sic semper tyrannis** is a Latin phrase attributed to Marcus Junius Brutus, one of the people who assassinated Julius Caesar. It can be translated as "Thus always to tyrants". John Wilkes Booth is believed to have said the phrase after assassinating Abraham Lincoln.
It is also the motto of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Karl Ernst von Baer

**Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer, Edler von Huthorn** (;  – ) was an Estonian scientist and explorer. Baer is also known in Russia as **Karl Maksimovich Baer** ().

Baer was a naturalist, biologist, geologist, meteorologist, geographer, and a founding father of embryology.

He was an explorer of European Russia and Scandinavia. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a co-founder of the Russian Geographical Society, and the first president of the Russian Entomological Society.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Karl Ernst von Baer
- **image**: Voyages_de_la_Commission_scientifique_du_Nord,_en_Scandinavie,_en_Laponie,_au_Spitzberg_et_aux_Feröe_-_no-nb_digibok_2009040211001-118.jpg
- **image size**: 225px
- **birth place**: Piep estate, Estonia, Russian Empire
- **death place**: Dorpat, Russian Empire
- **citizenship**: Russian Empire
- **nationality**: Estonians, Estonian
- **fields**: Biology, embryology, geology, meteorology, geography
- **workplaces**: Imperial University of Dorpat, University of Königsberg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Geographical Society
- **alma mater**: Imperial University of Dorpat
- **known for**: The discovery of the mammal egg cell; exploring European Russia and Scandinavia
European Russia

Russia is a country that stretches from Eastern Europe to North Asia. It is the largest and most populous country in Europe.

About twenty-five percent of Russia's land is on the European continent. The other seventy-five percent is on the Asian continent. Russia is a very big country; the land in the European part alone makes up 35% of the surface of Europe.

## Population

About 110 million of the 144 million people in Russia, or 80%, live in the European part. The other 20% live in the Asian part of Russia (Siberia).

About 15% of the population of Europe lives in the European part of Russia.

In the European part, the population density is 27.5 people per square kilometer. In Siberia, there are just 2.5 people per square kilometer.

## Cities

Russia's biggest cities, Moscow and Saint Petersburg, are in the European part.  Moscow is the biggest city in Russia, with a population of 12,737,400 people (as of 2025).
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office

The **Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office** (or **Foreign Office**) is a ministry of the Government of the United Kingdom. Its job it is to protect British interests around the world.

The minister responsible is known as the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, which is usually shortened to "Foreign Secretary". This position is one of the four most important in the government's Cabinet. David Cameron is the current Foreign Secretary of the UK.
École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique

The **École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique** is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the _Futuroscope_.

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
- _Ingénieur ENSMA_ (ENSMA Graduate engineer Masters level program)
- Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ENSMA.

## Famous ex-student

- Lionel Guérin, French Chief executive officer and politician

## Research labs

Research activities at ENSMA relate to the following topics:
- _Institut PPrime_ (Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Energy Sciences)
- Computer Science and Automatic Control for Systems.

## Further reading

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique
- **established**: 1948
- **type**: Public, Graduate engineering school
- **city**: Chasseneuil-du-Poitou
- **campus**: Futuroscope
- **country**: France
- **affiliations**: Groupement des écoles d'aéronautique
- **website**: http://www.ensma.fr
Steg-Hohtenn

**Steg-Hohtenn** is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

## History

On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Hohtenn and Steg merged into the new municipality of Steg-Hohtenn.

## Villages

- Steg
- Hohtenn

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Steg-Hohtenn
- **image photo**: Gampel Steg VS.jpg
- **municipality name**: Steg-Hohtenn
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Steg-Hohtenn COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Steg-Hohtenn.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Valais
- **iso-code-region**: CH-VS
- **district**: Raron (district), Raron
- **postal code**: 3940
- **municipality code**: 6204
- **area**: 14.16
- **elevation**: 660
- **population**: 1573
- **populationof**: Dec 2015
- **popofyear**: 2015
- **website**: www.steg-hohtenn.ch
- **mayor**: Philipp Schnyder
- **places**: Steg and Hohtenn
- **neighboring municipalities**: Eischoll, Ferden, Gampel, Kippel, Raron, Turtmann, Unterbäch, Wiler (Lötschen)
Fuller House (TV series)

jodie sweetin  /  are name my terence vincent                                                                                  jodie sweetie order xt plus peis  / sherrelle vincent                                                                                      813 short street burling to nc  white houes         greens boro 13 west
Italian Renaissance

The **Italian Renaissance** ( ) was the earliest beginning of the general European Renaissance. It was a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy during the 14th century. It lasted into the 17th century, marking the gradual change between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. The term "renaissance" is a modern one that was first used in 1858 by French historian Jules Michelet. The Italian renaissance was a period of gradual change. Some parts can be traced back to the earlier part of the 14th century. Other parts did not happen until the end of the century. The French word _renaissance_ (_Rinascimento_ in Italian) means "Rebirth". The era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of classical antiquity. While it started as a humanist movement it spread to other areas including science, religion, art and exploration. During this period William Shakespeare wrote his plays, Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa, and Martin Luther had started a new religious movement. It saw Christopher Columbus discover the Americas and Johannes Gutenberg introduced printing to Europe. The Italian "rebirth" gradually spread into Northern Europe. As it moved northward, it changed into less a classical movement and more into a religious movement.
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite

The **Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite** (**TESS**) is a NASA space telescope searching for planets outside of the Solar System. Like the Kepler (spacecraft), it is using occultation to find these extrasolar planet<nowiki/>s but is searching a larger part of the sky.

TESS was launched on April 18, 2018 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 Full Thrust rocket from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.  The total value of the launch services contract is US$87 million.  SpaceX was awarded the launch in December 2014. As of November 2022 it had found 273 confirmed exoplanets and 4079 possible ones that need further investigation.

## Orbit

_TESS_ is orbiting the Earth with a period of about 14 days, which is half of the period of the Moon. The orbit is highly elliptical, closer to the Earth at some points but very far at other times.  _TESS_ has four high-resolution cameras and continuously takes photos of the sky. It sends the photos to the laboratory on Earth which makes them available to scientists to study. Members of the public, like astronomy hobbyists and enthusiasts, can also download and see the photos.

The main purpose of _TESS_ is to find planets around other stars. Such planets, when they are orbiting around their stars, partially cover the stars and make them not as bright half of the time. This is called occultation.

_TESS_ satellite is small, about  in size, with the solar panel span of . It weighed  at launch.

## Other websites

- TESS website  by the Kavli Foundation
Barron Hilton

**William Barron Hilton** (October 23, 1927 – September 19, 2019) was an American business magnate, socialite, and hotel heir.

He was the son and successor of hotel pioneer Conrad Hilton. He created a record in business and philanthropy that was like his famous father's.

He was the retired chairman, president and chief executive officer of Hilton Hotels Corporation, and chairman emeritus of the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation. Hilton was also a founding partner of the American Football League and the original owner of the San Diego Chargers.

Hilton died at his Bel-Air, Los Angeles home on September 19, 2019 of natural causes at the age of 91.

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: William Barron Hilton
- **name**: Barron Hilton
- **image**: Barron Hilton.JPEG
- **caption**: Barron Hilton in 2007
- **birth place**: Dallas, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: Bel-Air, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **parents**: Conrad Hilton (1887–1979)
Mary Adelaide Barron (1906–1966)
- **alma mater**: University of Southern California
- **occupation**: business magnate, investor, socialite, and hotel heir
- **children**: William Barron Hilton, Jr. (born 1948)
Hawley Anne Hilton (born 1949)
Steven M. Hilton, Steve Hilton (born 1950)
David Alan Hilton (born 1952)
Sharon Constance Hilton (born 1953)
Richard Hilton, Richard Howard Hilton (born 1955)
Daniel Kevin Hilton (born 1962)
Ronald Jeffrey Hilton (born 1963)
- **relatives**: Eric Hilton (1933-2016)
Conrad Nicholson Hilton, Jr. (1926–1969)
Francesca Hilton <small>(half-sister)</small>
Machine learning

**Machine learning** gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed (Arthur Samuel, 1959). It is a subfield of computer science.

The idea came from work in artificial intelligence. Machine learning explores the study and construction of algorithms which can learn and make predictions on data. Such algorithms follow programmed instructions, but can also make predictions or decisions based on data. They build a model from sample inputs.

Machine learning is done where designing and programming explicit algorithms cannot be done. Examples include spam filtering, detection of artificial neural network intruders or malicious insiders working towards a data breach, optical character recognition (OCR), search engines and computer vision.

Using machine learning has risks. Some algorithms create a final model which is a black box. Models have been criticized for biases in hiring, criminal justice, and recognizing faces.

## Overview

Learning algorithms try to predict what will happen in the future with patterns from the past. These predictions can be obvious: for example, if the sun rose for the past 10,000 days, it will probably rise again. These predictions can also be more complex. An example of a complex prediction is facial recognition (knowing who someone is by looking at face).

Machine learning programs can do things that it hasn't been told to do by a programmer. Machine learning programs will be shown some patterns. These patterns will be an input (such as a question) and an output (the answer to the question). Then, the machine learning program will predict the output based on the input. Machine learning isn't always necessary. Computers can do simple tasks by being told instructions. However, sometimes there are a lot of things that control the output. Then, it is hard for a human to tell the computer all of the instructions. It is sometimes easier to tell the computer how to teach itself.

There are a lot of different ways to tell the computer to teach itself. When a problem has a lot of answers, different answers can be marked as valid. This is used to form data that the computer is trained with. One example of training data is the MNIST data. The MNIST data has images of handwritten numbers. The computer can learn to identify handwritten numbers using the MNIST data.
Arrondissements of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department

There are 4 **arrondissements in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into _arrondissements_, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Meurthe-et-Moselle are:

|INSEE code !! Arrondissement !! Capital !! Population (2013) !! width="50px" | Area (km²) !! Density (Inh./km²) !! _Communes_|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|541|Briey|Briey|164,589|1,142.7||130|
|542|Lunéville|Lunéville|79,567|1,450.7||164|
|543|Nancy|Nancy|417,430|1,509.4||188|
|544|Toul|Toul|69,418|1,143.0||112|

## History

Since its creation om 1871, the Meurthe-et-Moselle department has had few changes:
- 1871 : creation of the department with four arrondissements: Briey, Lunéville, Toul and Nancy.
- 1926 : the arrondissement of Toul was eliminated.
- 1943 : Toul was made again an arrondissement.

## Related pages

- List of arrondissements of France
Indian Act

The **Indian  Act** ("An Act respecting Indians"), is a Canadian statute that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. It was first passed in 1876 and is still in force with amendments. It is the primary document which governs how the Canadian state interacts with the 614 First Nation bands in Canada and their members.  Throughout its long history, the Act has been an ongoing source of controversy. It has been interpreted in many ways by both aboriginal and non-aboriginal Canadians.  The legislation has been amended many times, including "over twenty major kwjce g2reydgywgskugnedchanges" made by 2002.
Mark-Paul Gosselaar

**Mark-Paul Gosselaar** (born March 1, 1974) is an American actor. He is well known for his roles on television. He played Zack Morris on _Saved by the Bell_. He also played the detective John Clark on ABC's _NYPD Blue_.

Gosselaar was born in the Los Angeles area of California.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mark-Paul Gosselaar
- **image**: Mark-Paul Gosselaar Photo Op GalaxyCon Richmond 2023.jpg
- **caption**: Gosselaar in 2023
- **birth name**: Mark-Paul Harry Gosselaar
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **education**: Bayside High School (California), Hart High School
- **children**: 4
- **years active**: 1986–present
- **occupation**: Actor, Model
École des mines d'Albi-Carmaux

**École nationale supérieure des mines d'Albi-Carmaux** is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Toulouse Tech (Southern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
- _Ingénieur Mines Albi_ (Mines Albi Graduate engineer Masters level program)
- PhD doctorate studies
- _Mastères Spécialisés_ (MS)

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at Mines Albi.

## Research labs

Research activities at Mines Albi relate to the following topics:
- Renewable energies, biomass and eco-activities
- Powders, health and nutrition
- Materials and processes for aeronautics and space
- Business process improvement

## Further reading

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: École nationale supérieure des mines d'Albi-Carmaux
- **established**: 1993
- **type**: Public, Graduate engineering school
- **city**: Albi
- **country**: France
- **affiliations**: Toulouse Tech
Institut au service du spatial, de ses applications et technologies, ISSAT
- **website**: http://www.mines-albi.fr
Lady Jane Grey (poem)

"**Lady Jane Grey**" is an English epic poem by Francis Hodgson. It was published in 1809. It tells about the life and death of Lady Jane Grey.

## The hero

Jane Grey, known as _The Nine Days Queen_, was a great-granddaughter of the king Henry VII, father of Henry VIII. When Henry VIII's son and successor Edward VI died, the crown of England was offered to her. She was however soon put in prison by Queen Mary I of England, called _Bloody Mary_. She was sentenced to death. She had her head cut off in the Tower of London. She was seventeen years old at the time.

## The author

Francis Hodgson was an English romantic poet. He was born in 1781. He was a friend of Lord Byron. He was known as a translator. He translated into English many works by Roman poets. He died in 1852.

## The form

The poem is written in iambic pentameter put in heroic couplets. Such form was typical for English poetry in 18th century.

<poem>
_Through these low grounds of sorrow, toil and strife,_
_As runs the troubled stream of human life,_
_Why should the poor laborious crowd repine?_
_For wealth, for honour, lovely Jane were thine,_
_Yet my sad tale examplifies in thee,_
_How equal are our shares of misery_
_Or in the highest, or the humblest lot,_
_The king's proud palace, or the straw-roof'd cot._
</poem>

## Reviews

The poem was reviewed in _The Satirist: Or, Monthly Meteor_ and _The Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine Or Monthly Political and Literary Censor_.

## Bibliography

- Lady Jane Grey, a Tale in Two Books with Miscellanneous Poems in English and Latin by Francis Hodgson, London 1809.
Chigger

A **chigger** is a small, parasitic mite which lives in tall grass. It is a member of a larger family known as the **Trombiculidae**.

The species of Trombiculidae which bite in their larval stage cause "intense irritation", or "a wheal, usually with severe itching and dermatitis".

Their color can range from bright red to brown. Chiggers are almost too small to see with the naked eye, so checking grass for them is near impossible. Chigger bites appear 2-3 hours after a host is bitten, and can last for a few weeks. They bite in hot, moist places, such as the armpits, under the knees, and the genitals.

Trombiculidae live in forests and grasslands and in low, damp areas such as woodlands, berry bushes, orchards, along lakes and streams. It does live in drier places, such as lawns, golf courses, and parks. They are most numerous in early summer when grass, weeds, and other vegetation are heaviest.

In their larval stage they attach to various animals and feed on skin, often causing itching.

The best known species of chigger in North America is the hard-biting _Trombicula alfreddugesi_ of the southeastern United States, humid midwest and Mexico. In the UK, the most common chigger, the "harvest mite", is _Trombicula autumnalis_. It lives through Western Europe to Eastern Asia.
Charles Zwick

**Charles John Zwick** (July 17, 1926 – April 20, 2018) was an American civil servant. He served as director of the United States' Office of Management and Budget from January 29, 1968 until January 21, 1969 under the administration of Lyndon B. Johnson.

Zwick died of cancer on April 20, 2018 in Coral Gables, Florida at the age of 91.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Charles Zwick
- **image**: Portrait de Charles Zwick.jpg
- **office**: Director of the Office of Management and Budget
- **term start**: January 29, 1968
- **term end**: January 21, 1969
- **president**: Lyndon B. Johnson
- **predecessor**: Charles Schultze
- **successor**: Robert Mayo
- **birth name**: Charles John Zwick
- **birth place**: Plantsville, Connecticut
- **death place**: Coral Gables, Florida
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **alma mater**: University of Connecticut, Harvard University
Series and parallel circuits

Two types of electrical circuits are the series circuit, and the parallel circuit.

## Series Circuit

In a series circuit, the electrical current is only able to flow around a single path. The current will flow from a power source, such as a battery, into one or more electrical loads, such as a light bulb, and then back to the power source. In a series circuit, the same amount of amperage from the power source flows through each load. The voltage in a series circuit is divided up across all of the loads. If one of the loads on a series circuit stops working, the current will not be able to flow through the rest of the circuit, and the rest of the loads will also stop working.

## Parallel circuit

In a parallel circuit, the electrical current may flow along multiple paths before returning to the power source. The Voltage in a parallel circuit is the same across all of the loads in the circuit. In a parallel circuit, the amperage is divided up across all of the loads. If one of the loads in a parallel circuit stops working, the other loads in parallel will be able to continue to work. The voltage in a parallel circuit is the same on all the loads.
Assassination of Andrei Karlov

On 19 December 2016, Russian diplomat **Andrei Karlov** was gunned down during an exhibition in Ankara, Turkey by a police officer who was mad about the Russian involvement in Syria and the deaths of civilians in Aleppo.

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: Assassination of Andrei Karlov
- **location**: Ankara, Turkey
- **target**: Andrei Karlov
- **date**: 19 December 2016
- **type**: Shooting, assassination
- **victims**: Andrei Karlov
- **perpetrators**: 22 year old police officer
Chromebook

A **Chromebook** is a laptop that uses the Linux-based Chrome OS as its operating system was introduced on May 11, 2011 manufactured by Acer and Samsung.
It uses the Internet. Most applications and data are in the "cloud". A Chromebook is an example of a thin client. It is a lightweight computer which uses remote access to a server. It depends heavily on another computer (its server) to do its computation.

In March 2018, Acer and Google announced the creation of the first Chromebook tablet, the Chromebook Tab 10. This device was to compete with the market for cheap Apple iPad tablets in the education market. The Tab 10 screen (9.7 inches, 2048 x 1536 resolution) was identical to that of the iPad. The device includes a stylus. Neither device included a keyboard.

In March 2020, following the COVID-19 pandemic, many schools used Chromebooks to do school online, and put apps onto it like Google Meet and Zoom. 30 million Chromebooks were bought by schools in 2020 alone because of it. Some schools used iPads, but since they are too expensive for other schools, they use Chromebooks instead.

## Infobox (information appliance)

- **name**: Chromebook
- **logo**: Chromebook-logo.svg
- **logo caption**: Chromebook logo since 2022
- **developer**: Google
- **manufacturer**: Acer
 Samsung
 HP
 Lenovo
Gavialis

***Gavialis*** is a genus of crocodylians that includes the living gharial _Gavialis gangeticus_ and several extinct species.
Andrei Karlov

**Andrei Gennadyevich Karlov** (; 4 February 1954 – 19 December 2016) was a Russian diplomat. He served as the Russian Ambassador to Turkey from 12 July 2013 until his assassination. He also served as Russia's ambassador to North Korea from 9 July 2001 to 20 December 2006. He was born in Moscow.

## Death

Karlov was shot and killed on 19 December 2016 in Ankara, Turkey. He was 62 years old. His killer, 22-year-old Mevlüt Mert Altıntaş, was killed by security forces after shooting the ambassador.
Mattel

**Mattel** is an American multinational toy company. It was founded in 1945.

The company makes products and brands, like American Girl dolls, Barbie dolls, Fisher-Price toys, Thomas & Friends trains and Hot Wheels toys.

In 2014, it ranked #403 on the Fortune 500 list. It is the largest toy maker in terms of revenue.

## Toys

- Talking SpongeBob
- Talking Patrick
- Talking Squidward
- Squirting SpongeBob
- Babbling SpongeBob
- Beach Blastin SpongeBob
- Eye-Poppin SpongeBob
- Pants-Droppin SpongeBob
- Barbie Loves SpongeBob
2016 United States presidential election in New Jersey

The **2016 United States presidential election in New Jersey** was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted.

On 7 June 2016, the state also voted for who they wanted to be the nominee of their respective parties.

### Polling

Below is a table with the polling results in New Jersey. New Jersey has voted Democrat in every general election since 1992.

|Race|Poll model|Hillary Clinton <small></small>|Donald Trump <small></small>|Gary Johnson <small></small>|Jill Stein <small></small>|Lead margin|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|270 to Win||52%|38.3%|colspan="2" rowspan="6"||13.7|||
|rowspan="1"|Election Projection||48.5%|40%||8.5|||
|rowspan="1"|HuffPost Pollster||48.1%|35%||13.1|||
|rowspan="1"|Real Clear Politics||50.8%|39.5%||11.3|||
|rowspan="1"|TPM Polltracker||50.3%|38%||12.3|||
|rowspan="1"|Votamatic||56.6%|43.4%||13.2|||
|Election Projection||44%|32%|9%|colspan="1" rowspan="4"||12||
|rowspan="1"|Electoral Vote||49%|35%|6%||14||
|rowspan="1"|FiveThirtyEight||54.3%|40.1%|4.1%||14.2||
|rowspan="1"|TPM Polltracker||47%|43%|5%||4||
|Election Projection||48.7%|35.3%|6.3%|3%||13.4||
|rowspan="1"|Real Clear Politics||48.5%|36%|5.5%|3%||12.5|
|rowspan="1"|TPM Polltracker||47%|43%|5%|2%||4|

### Results

|colspan=3|Presidential election||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Hillary Clinton <small>(DEM)</small>**|align=right|**2,148,278**|align=right|**55.45%**|
|Donald Trump <small>(REP)</small>|align=right|1,601,933|align=right|41.35%|
|Gary Johnson|align=right|72,477|align=right|1.87%|
|Jill Stein|align=right|37,772|align=right|0.98%|
|Darrell Castle|align=right|6,161|align=right|0.16%|
|others|align=right|7,425|align=right|0.19%|

### Democratic

The Democratic caucus occurred on 7 June 2016.

|colspan=4|Presidential election||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Hillary Clinton**|align=right|**566,247**|align=right|**63.32%**|align=right|**91**|
|Bernie Sanders|align=right|328,058|align=right|36.68%|align=right|49|
|Uncommitted|align=right||align=right||align=right|0|

### Republican

The Republican caucus occurred on 7 June 2016.

|colspan=4|Presidential election||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Donald Trump**|align=right|**360,212**|align=right|**80.41%**|align=right|**51**|
|withdrawn candidates|align=right|87,740|align=right|19.59%|align=right|0|

## Related pages

- Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
- Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016
2016 Berlin truck attack

On 19 December 2016 at 20:02 Central European Time, a truck rammed into a crowd of people at a Christmas market in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany. This killed 12 people and injured 49 others. The original driver of the truck was found shot dead in the passenger seat.

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility for the terrorist attack. The perpatrator was Anis Amri, a Tunisian asylum seeker. On 23 December 2016, Amri was shot dead by an Italian police officer in Sesto San Giovanni, Lombardy. German police later confirmed that Amri's fingerprints were the same as those in the truck.

## Attack

The truck that was involved, a Scania semi-trailer truck, was owned by a Polish company named _Usługi Transportowe Ariel Żurawski_. The truck was transporting steel beams to Berlin.

The original truck driver, Lukasz Urban, is believed to have been killed by the perpetrator. He was stabbed and shot in the head. On 19 December 2016, at 20:02 local time, the truck drove through a Christmas market. This killed 12 people. The truck drove 50–80 metres (160–260 ft) and destroyed many booths. Some witnesses saw the driver leave the truck and run towards Tiergarten.

## Reactions

Czech Finance Minister Andrej Babiš said "Unfortunately... [Angela Merkel's open-door migration] policy is responsible for this dreadful act. It was she who let migrants enter Germany and the whole of Europe in uncontrolled waves, without papers, therefore without knowing who they really are." Marcus Pretzell, husband of AfD leader Frauke Petry, tweeted: "When will the German state of law strike back? When will this cursed hypocrisy finally stop? These are Merkel's dead! #Nice #Berlin."

Muslims and Chrisitians held a vigil together after the attack.

## Related pages

- Terrorism
- Islamic terrorism
- 2016 Nice attack
- Charlie Hebdo shooting
- 2024 Solingen stabbing
- 2024 Magdeburg attack
- 2018 Strasbourg shooting
- November 2015 Paris attacks
- April 2017 Champs-Élysées attack

## Infobox (civilian attack)

- **title**: 2016 Berlin truck attack
- **image**: File:20151115 Berlin bei Nacht 15-1.jpg
- **caption**: Route of the truck.
- **time**: 20:02 Central European Time, CET (UTC+01)
- **type**: Vehicle-ramming attack, carjacking, truck hijacking, stabbing, shooting, mass murder
- **location**: Breitscheidplatz, Berlin, Germany
- **injuries**: 55
- **fatalities**: 13 (12 Pedestrian, original truck driver by gunshot)
- **motive**: Irritation for Germany Support of War against the Islamic State
- **perp**: ISIS
- **assailant**: Anis Amri
- **weapons**: * Scania R 450 semi-trailer truck
* .22-caliber semi-automatic pistol
* Knife
- **target**: Civilians
2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning

In late December 2016, 58 people died from mass methanol poisoning in Irkutsk, Russia. It was caused by people drinking cheap counterfeit alcohol that was actually supposed to be used as a bath lotion. The counterfeit was called _Boyaryshnik_ (Боярышник; Russian for "Hawthorn").

## Cause

_Boyaryshnik_ was much cheaper than vodka, so people bought it instead amid the tough economic conditions. Similar incidents have been on the rise as Russia's economy has suffered from low oil prices and international sanctions from the Russian intervention in Ukraine. Russia's deputy prime minister said before the incident that this type of alcohol made up 20% of all the alcohol drank in the country.

The lotion was mixed with methanol; which is an alcohol that is poisonous. The label on the bottle said that the lotion instead had ethanol. A total of 58 people died from drinking the lotion. The victims were poor and were all between the ages of 35 and 50.

## Aftermath

Many people who were involved with making the lotion were arrested. About 500 litres (130 US gal) of lotion was confiscated from the facility where it was made.

Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev called for a ban on counterfeit alcohol, stating that "it's an outrage, and we need to put an end to this."