juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Langeoog

**Langeoog** (English: "Long Island") is a German island in the North Sea.

Langeoog is about  long (from east to west). It covers an area of about . There are about 2000 people living on Langeoog.

Langeoog has a beach that is  long.

## Traffic

Cars are not allowed to drive on Langeoog. People on the Island use bikes. The port and the village are linked with a small railway, the so-called "Inselbahn" (Island's Rail). The Railway is about 2.4 kilometers long.
The harbour of Langeoog is quite big. It was built in World War II by the German Navy. Today the harbour is used by ferries, that connect Langoog with the harbour of Bensersiel on the coast. The Langeoog harbour is also used by sailors, some fishermen and the German Society for Rescuing Ship-Wreckers.
There is also a little airfield on Langeoog.

## Landmarks

The landmark of Langeoog is the Water-Tower, that was built in 1909 on top of a dune near the village.

## Tourism

Tourism is the main source of income for Langeoog's economy. There are several hotels. The youth hostel can be found several kilometers outside the village.

## Other websites

- Official site
- Langeoog Island Ferry
- Langeoog Online - Travel and Tourism Directory
- Online Magazine Langeoog

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Aerial image of Langeoog (view from the southwest).jpg
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Langeoog from the southwest
- **image flag**: Flagge Langeoog.svg
- **image coa**: Wappen Langeoog.svg
- **image plan**: Langeoog in WTM.svg
- **state**: Niedersachsen
- **district**: Wittmund
- **elevation**: 5
- **area**: 19.67
- **population**: 2033
- **stand**: 2006-06-30
- **postal code**: 26465
- **area code**: 04972
- **licence**: WTM
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 4 62 007
- **mayor**: Uwe Garrels
- **party**: Independent
Shirt

A **shirt** is a kind of clothing which is made to cover the upper body.  Shirts can mean  T-shirts, polo shirts, etc.  In earlier times  shirts, which were for men, had a collar, sleeves with cuffs and split in half with buttons on one side. This can be called  a "dress shirt", a specific type of "collared shirt"). Some shirts have sleeves, that cover the arms. T-shirts are a type of shirt that has shorter sleeves. These sleeves cover the shoulders. Shirts that do not have sleeves are called "sleeveless".
T-shirt

A **T-shirt** or **tee shirt** is a kind of shirt which has short sleeves. These sleeves cover the shoulders and the top of the arm, but they do not cover the elbow or the forearm. T-shirts are usually made from cotton fabric or fabric which contains a mix of cotton and polyester. T-shirts are usually considered a casual type of clothing. Both men and women wear T-shirts in Western countries, such as the United States, Canada, England, and France. In some countries, such as Muslim countries, women do not wear T-shirts outside of the home.

T-shirts are cheap to make and sell a lot because of fast fashion. For instance, the U.S. sells two billion T-shirts each year. A person in Sweden typically buys nine T-shirts yearly. Making T-shirts can harm the environment, especially when using materials like cotton. Cotton uses a lot of water and pesticides.

Below are some different types of T-shirts:

**Round neck**: A round neck T-shirt is the most common style of neck. As the name says, the neck opening closely fitted to the contour of the neck.

**V neck:** The front neck drop of a v neck T-shirt is lower and converges to form a sharp v shape.

**Crew neck:** A crew neck T-shirt is almost the same as a classic T-shirt. The only difference being is that it doesn’t have a collar. This style of shirt was worn be rowers in the 1940s.

**Graphic:** Graphic T- shirts come in many shapes and sizes, including all of the aforementioned necklines. Any T-shirt with a graphic print on it is considered a graphic T-shirt. The style of shirt is extremely popular amongst brands and companies as they are used for marketing and promoting messages.

## History

T-shaped clothes, called tunics, have been worn since ancient times. The modern T-shirt came from 1800s underwear. Workers wore them in hot places for comfort. In 1913, the U.S. Navy introduced T-shirts as underwear. They became popular with sailors, workers, and young boys because they were easy to wear and cheap. By the 1920s, the term "T-shirt" was in the American dictionary.

During the Great Depression, T-shirts were common work clothes. After World War II, Navy men wore them casually. Their popularity grew in the 1950s, especially after actor Marlon Brando wore one. Soon, they became everyday wear for many. By 1942, some T-shirts had prints on them, like one shown on a Life magazine cover. In the 1960s, people liked using printed T-shirts to express themselves, advertise, protest, or as keepsakes.
Sleeve

A **sleeve** is a piece of material which covers an arm. It is usually a part of a shirt or other garment.
Taxi

A **taxi** (**taxicab** or **cab** in the United States) is a car, or other vehicle which is used for public transport. People use them to get to where they want to go. This means there are no stops in between where they get on and where they get off. Many big cities have taxis.

In most other types of public transport, such as a bus, tram, or train, the rider does not get to choose the locations where they want to get picked up or dropped off. These vehicles often take certain roads or follow a very specific route. Because of this, they usually do not stop exactly where people want to go.

Riding a taxi is a lot like a person having their own car, but don't drive it. They only tell the taxi driver where they want to go and he or she will take you there. How much they pay for the ride, in most cases, depends on how far they are going from where you get on. It is common for the price for a taxi ride to be more expensive than other forms of transport.

## History

The first taxi-type system started in Paris and London in the early 17th century. These were carts pulled by (carriages) and could be hired. The monarchies that ruled these cities controlled the rules. In the 19th century, Hansom cabs were mostly used because of their higher level of safety.

## Taximeter

The 1891 invention by German Wilhelm Bruhn of the taximeter helped establish the modern taxi. The first modern meter-equipped taxicab was the Daimler Victoria, built by Gottlieb Daimler in 1897. The first motorized taxi company began operating in Stuttgart the same year.

The term _taximeter_ is an adaptation of the French word 'taximètre', and the German word 'taxameter'. It means measuring a tax or fee.

## Related pages

- Auto–rickshaw
- Lyft
- Uber
Sunburn

A **sunburn** is a kind of burn that happens when skin is exposed to sunlight for too long. The ultraviolet part of sunlight breaks down natural chemicals in the skin. This makes the skin become red. Sunburns stay for days or weeks.

People with lighter skin sunburn more quickly than people with darker skin. This is because of a dark pigment called melanin that protects the skin. There is more of it in dark-skinned people than in light-skinned people. Eventually, if exposed to too much sunlight, skin cancer may develop. In any event, sunburn can be _extremely_ painful.
Antwerp

**Antwerpen** is a port city in Antwerp province in the north of Belgium. It is at 51° 12 North, 04° 24 East. In French it is called **Anvers**, its English name commonly is  **Antwerp**.

It is the capital of the province with the same name.

The port is the second-largest in Europe after Rotterdam in the Netherlands. It spreads over both banks of the river Scheldt for more than 11,000 hectares.  About 16,000 people work in the port.  It is a centre for international drug trafficking, especially cocaine.

In 2007, 466,203 people lived there. The city is divided in 9 zones, called districts:

- Antwerp
- Berchem
- Berendrecht-Zandvliet-Lillo
- Borgerhout
- Deurne
- Ekeren
- Hoboken
- Merksem
- Wilrijk
Offenbach am Main

**Offenbach** is a city in the German state of Hesse. It is on the river Main near Frankfurt am Main. The city has about 120,000 people. The _Deutscher Wetterdienst_ (German weather service) is in Offenbach.

## Economy

Until the early 1970s the economy of Offenbach was mainly the machine-building and leather industries. The city is the home of the German Association for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies until today.

## Twinned cities

Offenbach has the following twin cities:

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Offenbach
- **art**: City
- **wappen**: Wappen Offenbach am Main.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Offenbach am Main.svg
- **bundesland**: Hesse
- **regierungsbezirk**: Regierungsbezirk Darmstadt, Darmstadt
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 06413000
- **kreis**: urban
- **höhe**: 98
- **fläche**: 44.90
- **einwohner**: 119203
- **stand**: 2013-12-31
- **plz**: 63001 - 63075
- **vorwahl**: 069
- **kfz**: OF
- **website**: [https://www.offenbach.de/ www.offenbach.de]
- **bürgermeister**: Felix Schwenke
- **partei**: SPD
- **image photo**: Offenbach Mainbogen.jpg
- **image caption**: Satellite view of Offenbach.
Heilbronn

**Heilbronn** (); , local dialect: _Hallbrunn_, _Haalbrunn_) is a city in Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg. With about 117,000 people, Heilbronn is the sixth largest town in Baden-Württemberg.
Heilbronn is also on the river Neckar and is known for the wine which was grown in their region and the Kätchen a famous sign.

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: City
- **image photo**: Heilbronn Innenstadt u Wartberg 20050918.jpg
- **image caption**: View of the Heilbronn centre of town toward the _Wartberg_
- **wappen**: Wappen Heilbronn.svg
- **lageplan**: Heilbronn map closer.gif
- **lageplanbeschreibung**: Area map
- **bundesland**: Baden-Württemberg
- **regierungsbezirk**: Stuttgart
- **landkreis**: Stadtkreis
- **höhe**: 157
- **fläche**: 99.88
- **einwohner**: 117531
- **stand**: 2012-12-31
- **plz**: 74072 – 74081
- **vorwahl**: 07131, 07066
- **kfz**: HN
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 1 21 000
- **gliederung**: divided in 9 town parts
- **bürgermeister**: Helmut Himmelsbach
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **partei**: parteilos
Pforzheim

**Pforzheim** () is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.
About 116,000 people live there.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: City
- **image coa**: Wappen Pforzheim.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of Pforzheim.svg
- **image photo**: Panorama Nagold, Stadtkirche und Enz (1).jpg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Karlsruhe
- **district**: Stadtkreis
- **elevation**: 273
- **area**: 98.03
- **population**: 119156
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **postal code**: 75172–75181
- **area code**: 07231, 07234, 07041
- **licence**: PF
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 2 31 000
- **divisions**: 16 Stadtteile
- **mayor**: Peter Boch
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **party**: Christliche Demokratische Union Deutschland, CDU
Recklinghausen

**Recklinghausen** (Westphalian: _Riäkelhusen_) is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, belonging to the Ruhr area. It has about 120,000 inhabitants.

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: City
- **image photo**: Recklinghausen Rathaus01.jpg
- **image caption**: Town Hall of Recklinghausen.
- **wappen**: DEU Recklinghausen COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Recklinghausen.svg
- **bundesland**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **regierungsbezirk**: Münster Government Region, Münster
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05562032
- **landkreis**: Recklinghausen Rural District, Recklinghausen
- **höhe**: 85
- **fläche**: 66.4
- **einwohner**: 121521
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **plz**: 45601–45665
- **vorwahl**: 02361
- **kfz**: RE
- **website**: [http://www.recklinghausen.de www.recklinghausen.de]
- **bürgermeister**: Wolfgang Pantförder
Wolfsburg

**Wolfsburg** is a city in the German state of Lower Saxony.

It had about 124,000 inhabitants in 2016. The automobile company Volkswagen has its main office in Wolfsburg.

## Infobox (german location)

- **art**: city
- **wappen**: DEU Wolfsburg COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Wolfsburg.svg
- **bundesland**: Niedersachsen
- **landkreis**: Kreisfreie Stadt
- **höhe**: 63
- **fläche**: 204.02
- **einwohner**: 120493
- **stand**: 2006-12-31
- **plz**: 38400 – 38448
- **vorwahl**: 05361, 05362, 05363, 05365, 05366, 05367, 05308
- **kfz**: WOB
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 1 03 000
- **gliederung**: 16 Ortschaften,
40 Stadtteile
- **bürgermeister**: Klaus Mohrs
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **partei**: SPD
Bergisch Gladbach

**Bergisch Gladbach** (; Ripuarian: _Jläbbisch Gläbbich_)  is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
It is near to Cologne and has about 110,016 inhabitants.

## Well-known people

- Heidi Klum (b. 1973), model, actress and singer

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: City
- **name**: Bergisch Gladbach
- **image photo**: Bergisch Gladbach Bensberg - Schloss 09 ies.jpg
- **image caption**: Forecourt of Schloss Bensberg
- **image flag**: Flagge Bergisch Gladbach alternativ.svg
- **image coa**: DEU_Bergisch_Gladbach_COA.svg
- **image plan**: Bergisch Gladbach in GL.svg
- **state**: Nordrhein-Westfalen
- **region**: Köln
- **district**: Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis
- **elevation**: 51-267
- **area**: 83.12
- **population**: 110217
- **stand**: 2007-06-30
- **postal code**: 51401-51469
- **area code**: 02202, 02204, 02207
- **licence**: GL
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 3 78 004
- **divisions**: 6
- **website**: [https://www.bergischgladbach.de/ www.bergischgladbach.de]
- **mayor**: Frank Stein
- **party**: SPD
Erlangen

**Erlangen** (; East Franconian: _Erlang_) is a German city in the state of Bavaria. About 105,000 people live there.

Erlangen is near to Nuremberg (_Nürnberg_). Both cities share the University Erlangen-Nürnberg.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: city
- **image photo**: Erlangen 08-2012.jpg
- **image caption**: August 2012 view over Erlangen
- **image flag**: Flagge Erlangen.svg
- **image coa**: DEU Erlangen COA.svg
- **state**: Bavaria
- **region**: Middle Franconia
- **district**: Urban districts of Germany, Urban district
- **elevation**: 279
- **area**: 76.95
- **postal code**: 91052, 91054, 91056, 91058
- **area code**: 09131,
 0911 (district Hüttendorf),
 09132 (district Neuses),
 09135 (district Dechsendorf)
- **licence**: ER
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 5 62 000
- **divisions**: 9 Ortsteil, city districts
- **mayor**: Florian Janik
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **party**: Social Democratic Party of Germany, SPD
Remscheid

**Remscheid** is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

It has about 115,000 inhabitants.

## Twin towns – sister cities

Remscheid is twinned with:

- Ashington, England
- Granada, Spain
- Kırşehir, Turkey
- Mrągowo, Poland
- Newbiggin by the Sea, England
- Pirna, Germany
- Prešov, Slovakia
- Quimper, France

## Famous people who were born in Remscheid

- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923), physicist who discovered X-rays, the first person to win the Nobel Prize in Physics
- Peter Brötzmann (1941–2023), jazz musician

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Remscheid
- **art**: City
- **image photo**: Deutsches Roentgenmuseum.jpg
- **image caption**: German Roentgen Museum
- **wappen**: DEU Remscheid COA.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Remscheid.svg
- **bundesland**: North Rhine-Westphalia
- **regierungsbezirk**: Düsseldorf Government Region, Düsseldorf
- **kreis**: Urban district
- **höhe**: 365
- **fläche**: 74.6
- **einwohner**: 115374
- **stand**: 2006-06
- **plz**: 42801-42899
- **vorwahl**: 02191
- **kfz**: RS
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05120000
- **website**: [https://www.remscheid.de/ www.remscheid.de]
- **bürgermeister**: Sven Wolf
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **leader term**: 2020–30
- **party**: SPD
Undernet

**Undernet** is an Internet Relay Chat network that was made in 1992. It has many channels, but there are few limits to what kind of channels can be made.

## Infobox (irc network)

- **name**: Undernet
- **located in**: United States
Europe
Canada
- **based in**: Worldwide
- **primary dns**: [irc://irc.undernet.org irc.undernet.org]
- **main content**: Public/Unrestricted
Advanced Micro Devices

**Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.** (**AMD**) is an American company from Sunnyvale, California, that makes computer hardware components. It makes many different computer parts, but it is most famous for its central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs). Another important product are their motherboard chipsets for their CPUs.

## History

AMD started as a company that made products for Intel, another large hardware company, and competitor of AMD. In 2003, AMD released the Opteron, which was the first 64-bit x86 CPU. In 2006, AMD bought ATI Technologies with $4.3 billion of cash and 52 million AMD stocks. In 2020, AMD said that they are buying Xilinx, a company that makes circuits that can be changed using computer code (FPGA).

## Products

Ryzen is AMD's brand name for their CPUs for normal use. They have between 2 and 64 cores and can achieve speeds above 5 gigahertz (GHz).

Radeon is their brand name for other computer products like GPUs and computer parts made by other companies that AMD put their brand on (OEM).

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
- **logo**: AMD Logo.svg
- **image**: 2485 Augustine Drive headquarters in Santa Clara, California.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **image caption**: Headquarters at Santa Clara in 2020
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **industry**: Semiconductor industry, Semiconductors
- **founder**: Jerry Sanders (businessman), Jerry Sanders
- **hq location city**: Santa Clara, California, Santa Clara, California
- **hq location country**: U.S.
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **products**: Central processing units
Graphics processing unit
Microprocessors
System on a chips (SoCs)
Motherboard chipsets
Network interface controllers
Embedded processors
Solid-state drives
Device driver, Drivers
TV accessory, TV accessories
Hermann Minkowski

**Hermann Minkowski** (22 June 1864 in Kaunas – 12 January 1909 in Göttingen) was a German mathematician of Jewish descent. He was one of Albert Einstein's teachers.

Minkowski is perhaps best known for his work in relativity, in which he showed in 1907 that his former student Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity (1905), could be understood geometrically as a theory of four-dimensional space-time, since known as the "Minkowski spacetime".

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Hermann Minkowski
- **image**: De Raum zeit Minkowski Bild.jpg
- **birth place**: Aleksota (nowadays part of Kaunas), Russian Empire
- **death place**: Göttingen, German Empire
- **nationality**: German
- **field**: Mathematician
- **work institution**: Georg-August University of Göttingen, University of Göttingen and ETH Zurich
- **alma mater**: Albertina University of Königsberg
- **known for**: Minkowski space
 Minkowski diagram
Certificate of deposit

A **certificate of deposit** (CD) is a way to store money at a bank or credit union. A CD is written for a period of time: usually between three months and five years. The person who wanted the CD—the consumer—agrees to give the money to the bank for that period of time and may not take the money back until the time has expired. If the consumer takes the money back before the agreed amount of time, they will have to pay a penalty fee. Once your contract is over, you are given your money back plus the interest it earned. People open CDs instead of savings accounts because the interest is higher. A certificate of deposit (which is common only in the United States) is similar to a time deposit.
Cousins Subs

**Cousins Subs** is a "sub" shop that makes submarine sandwiches. It was created in the 1970s in Wisconsin.

They opened their first restaurant in Milwaukee, at 60th Street and Silver Spring Drive. It closed after several years of success. The oldest Cousins Subs is on the corner of Brady Street and Farwell Avenue in Milwaukee.
Robert Walpole

Sir **Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford** was a British politician. He is regarded by many as the first  de facto Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (then called Great Britain). The position of prime minister was not actually official at that time.

Walpole He was born in Houghton, Norfolk on 26 August 1676. He died on 18 March 1745. Historians think he became England's first Prime Minister in 1721. He was then Prime Minister for a longer time than anyone who came after him. This long time is sometimes called "the robinocracy" (Robin is a common version of Robert).

Although the exact dates of Walpole's dominance are not entirely clear, the period 1721–1742 is often used. He dominated the Walpole–Townshend ministry, as well as the subsequent Walpole ministry, and holds the record as the longest-serving British prime minister in history.

W.A. Speck wrote that Walpole's uninterrupted run of 20 years as Prime Minister "is rightly regarded as one of the major feats of British political history... Explanations are usually offered in terms of his expert handling of the political system after 1720, [and] his unique blending of the surviving powers of the crown with the increasing influence of the Commons".

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: The Rt Hon. Sir Robert Walpole
- **image**: Robert-Walpole-1st-Earl-of-Orford.jpg
- **order**: Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister of Great Britain
- **term start**: 4 April 1721
- **term end**: 11 February 1742
- **predecessor**: Office Created
- **successor**: Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, The Earl of Wilmington
- **birth place**: Houghton, Norfolk, Houghton, Norfolk
- **death place**: London
- **party**: British Whig Party, Whig
- **order2**: Chancellor of the Exchequer
- **term start2**: 12 October 1715
- **term end2**: 15 April 1717
3 April 1721-12 February 1742
- **predecessor2**: Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow, Richard Onslow
John Pratt (judge), John Pratt
- **successor2**: James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope, James Stanhope
Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys, Samuel Sandys
Leeuwarden

**Leeuwarden** is a city in the north of the Netherlands.
It has about 110,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of a part of the Netherlands where a lot of people speak Frisian. The name of that province is Friesland. Leeuwarden is called _Ljouwert_ in Frisian.

On 1 January 2014, Boarnsterhim is a part of the municipality of Leeuwarden. On 1 January 2018, it was enlarged by Leeuwarderadeel and parts of the former municipality of Littenseradiel.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Leeuwarden
- **settlement type**: Cities of the Netherlands, City and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality
- **image skyline**: Waag, Leeuwarden 1620.jpg
- **image caption**: Former weigh house in Leeuwarden
- **image flag**: Leeuwarden flag.svg
- **flag size**: 100x67px
- **image shield**: Coat of arms of Leeuwarden.svg
- **shield size**: 100x80px
- **image map**: Map - NL - Municipality code 0080 (2014).png
- **map alt**: Highlighted position of Leeuwarden in a municipal map of Friesland
- **map caption**: Location of the municipality (green) in the province of Friesland (dark grey) in the Netherlands (light grey)
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Netherlands
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: Friesland (_Fryslân_)
- **governing body**: Municipal council (Netherlands), Municipal council
- **leader party**: Labour Party (Netherlands), PvdA
- **leader title**: Burgemeester, Mayor
- **leader name**: Ferd Crone
- **total type**: Municipality
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **elevation m**: 3.2
- **elevation max m**: 5.2
- **elevation min m**: 1.9
- **population as of**: Municipality,  ; Urban and Metro,
- **population demonym**: Leeuwarder
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal codes in the Netherlands, Postcode
- **postal code**: 8900–8941
- **area code type**: Telephone numbers in the Netherlands, Area code
- **area code**: 058
Middelburg, Netherlands

**Middelburg** is a town and municipality on the (former) island of Walcheren, Province of Zeeland, the Netherlands.

It is the capital of Zeeland.

About 48,000 people were living in the municipality in 2017.<br/ >
About 40,000 people were living in the town in 2011.

Middelburg received city rights in 1217.

## Related pages

- Four Freedoms Award
Haarlem

**Haarlem** is a municipality in the Netherlands and the capital of the province North Holland. It has about 145,000 inhabitants. It has a very old door called Smedestraat 33.

Twenty kilometers west of Amsterdam, close to the coast, it lies on sandy soil very suitable for growing tulips. It has been the center of tulip cultivation for centuries, which is why it was nicknamed « the flower town ».

## Other websites

- Website of the communal administration
- pictures from Haarlem

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Haarlem
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: HaarlemGroteMarkt1.JPG
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Haarlem
- **image flag**: Flag Haarlem.svg
- **image seal**: Wapen Haarlem.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jos Wienen
- **area total km2**: 29.17
- **population total**: 148,373
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 5,086
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 2000–2037, 2063
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 023
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 0392
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Lelystad

**Lelystad** is a municipality in the middle of the Netherlands.
It has about 71,000 inhabitants. It is also the capital of Flevoland, one of the provinces of the Netherlands.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Lelystad
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Flag of Lelystad.svg
- **image seal**: Lelystad wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Ineke Bakker
- **area total km2**: 333.6
- **population total**: 35,575
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 106.6
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 8200–8249
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 0320
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:NL, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Assen

**Assen** is a municipality in the north-east of the Netherlands. It has about 65,000 inhabitants. It's the capital of Drenthe.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Assen
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Drents Museum.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Drents Museum in Assen
- **image flag**: Flag of Assen.svg
- **image seal**: Assen wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Marco Out
- **area total km2**: 81.89
- **population total**: 59,005
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 720.5
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 9401–9409, 9486–9489, 9492
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 0106
Breda

**Breda** is a municipality in the south of the Netherlands. It has about 184,000 inhabitants (2021).

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Breda
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Wilhelminapark.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Breda
- **image flag**: Flag of Breda.svg
- **image seal**: Breda wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Paul Depla
- **area total km2**: 125.7
- **population total**: 162,307
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 1,291
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 4811–4819, 4822–4827, 4834–4839, 4841, 4847, 4851, 4854
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 0758
Enschede

**Enschede** (Low Saxon: _Eanske_) is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 161,194 people were living there in 2023.

It is the biggest city in Overijssel and borders Germany.

Enschede is also (informally) the capital of Twente region.

## Fireworks accident

On 13 May 2000 there was a huge destruction caused by an accident in a fireworks factory. Twenty-three people were killed, while almost a thousand people were injured. Thousands of people lost their homes.

## Related pages

- FC Twente
- University of Twente

## References

- Plaatsengids.nl

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Enschede
- **native name**: Eanske
- **settlement type**: Municipality, city
- **image skyline**: Grote Markt Enschede 2019 2.jpg
- **image caption**: Marketplace
- **image flag**: Vlag stad Enschede.svg
- **image shield**: Enschede wapen.svg
- **image map**: Map - NL - Municipality code 0153 (2009).svg
- **map caption**: Location
- **image map1**: Gem-Enschede-OpenTopo.jpg
- **map caption1**: Map
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Netherlands
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: Overijssel
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Twente
- **established title**: Established
- **elevation m**: 42
Amersfoort

**Amersfoort** is a city in the middle of the Netherlands. The city is between the hills of the "Heuvelrug" and the valley of the river Eem. It is located in the province of Utrecht. 2023 the population of the city was 160,902. It is the second-largest city in the province and the fifteenth-largest in the country. Amersfoort is known for being one of the largest railway junctions in the Netherlands. In 2009, Amersfoort celebrated its 750th anniversary as a city.

## Economy

The city has many international companies located there:

- Royal VolkerWessels Stevin N.V., a big European construction-services business.
- FrieslandCampina, a Dutch dairy cooperative.
- Royal HaskoningDHV, consultants and engineers.
- Golden Tulip Hospitality Group, an international hotel chain called Golden Tulip Hotels
- Yokogawa Electric, an electrical engineering and software company.

There are also several non-governmental organizations and foundations:

- Christian Union, a Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands.
- Oikocredit, the headquarters of a global cooperative society that provides financing for economic development with a focus on poverty alleviation.
- Socialist Party, a left-wing social-democratic political party in the Netherlands.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Amersfoort
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Koppelpoort Amersfoort 2008.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Koppelpoort
- **image flag**: Vlag van Amersfoort.svg
- **image seal**: Amersfoort wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Lucas Bolsius
- **area total km2**: 62.62
- **population total**: 128,023
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 2,044
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 3800–3829
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 033
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 0307
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Zoetermeer

**Zoetermeer** is a municipality in South Holland in the Netherlands (it has no city rights).

About 125,000 people are living there in 2017.

It is between Utrecht and Den Haag. It is part of the Randstad.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Zoetermeer
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Zoetermeer dorp.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Zoetermeer
- **image flag**: Zoetermeer vlag.svg
- **image seal**: Zoetermeer wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Michel Bezuijen
- **area total km2**: 34.45
- **population total**: 110,114
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 3,196
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 2711–2713, 2715–2719, 2721–2729
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 0637
Almere

**Almere** is a municipality in the Netherlands (no city rights).
It is in the province of Flevoland and nearby Amsterdam and has about 215,000 people (2021).

## Other websites

- Almere website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Almere
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Skyline Almere.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Skyline with the Weerwater
- **image flag**: Almere vlag.svg
- **image seal**: Almere wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Anna Theodora Bernardina Schouten
- **area total km2**: 129.2
- **population total**: 150,359
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 1,164
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 1300–1379
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: 036
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:NL, ISO 3166 code
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Hilversum

**Hilversum** is a municipality in North Holland in the Netherlands. It lies between Amsterdam and Utrecht. About 95,000 people live there.

## Well-known people

- Joop den Uyl (1919-1987), Prime Minister

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Hilversum
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Raadhuis_Hilversum2.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Hilversum
- **image flag**: Hilversum vlag.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Hilversum.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Gerhard van den Top
- **area total km2**: 45.61
- **population total**: 94,435
- **population as of**: January 1, 2024
- **population density km2**: 1,815
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 1200–1223
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 035
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 0402
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Roermond

**Roermond** is a municipality in the province Limburg in the east of the Netherlands. It has about 45,000 people living in it.

Since 2007, Swalmen became a part of the municipality of Roermond.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Roermond
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: RM32567_Roermond_-_Stadhuis.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: City Hall of Roermond
- **image flag**: Roermond vlag.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Roermond.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Yolanda Hoogtanders
- **area total km2**: 60.81
- **population total**: 53,767
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 884.2
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 6040–6049, 6070, 6071
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 0475
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 0957
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Venlo

**Venlo** is a municipality in Limburg in the very east of the Netherlands. It has about 100,000 inhabitants and lives mainly on one-day-trip-tourism from neighbouring Germany and logistics. It used to be a city of the Hanseatic League.

Since 2010, Arcen en Velden became a part of the municipality of Venlo.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Venlo
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Venlo_Stadhuis_1.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Venlo
- **image flag**: Venlo vlag.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Venlo.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Antoin Scholten
- **area total km2**: 124.3
- **population total**: 99,541
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 800.8
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 5900–5951
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 077
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 0983
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Delft

**Delft** is a municipality in the province South Holland in the Netherlands. It is about halfway between Rotterdam and The Hague. It is famous for its Delft Blue pottery and the Delft University of Technology. It is the place where the royal family, the kings and queens, are buried. It has about 94,000 inhabitants.

## Things to see

Delft is a city with typical Dutch canals, churches and large canal houses. The largest church in Delft is the Nieuwe Kerk (New Church).

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Delft
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Delft - voetgangersbrug Kantoorgracht.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: Kantoorgracht
- **image flag**: Flag of Delft.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Delft.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Marja van Bijsterveldt
- **area total km2**: 22.65
- **population total**: 96,152
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 4,245
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 2610–2629
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, MCN
- **blank info sec2**: 0503
Deventer

**Deventer** is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 101,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies both in Salland and IJsselvallei regions, alongside the eastern bank of the IJssel river.

Deventer was founded by Lebuinus around 768. He built a wooden church there.

A Catholic community called the Brethren of the Common Life was founded by priest Geert Groote in this city late 14th century. This community was connected with a Catholic reform movement called the Devotio Moderna, which was largely based on Groote and founded the same time.

Deventer is well known for its cake, the so-called _Deventer Koek_.

## References

- Plaatsengids.nl

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Deventer
- **native name**: Daeventer
- **settlement type**: Municipality, city
- **image skyline**: IJsselkade Deventer 2011.jpg
- **image caption**: Deventer skyline; the Saint Lebuinus Church is shown in the centre
- **image flag**: Deventer vlag.svg
- **image shield**: Deventer wapen.svg
- **image map**: Map - NL - Municipality code 0150 (2009).svg
- **map caption**: Location
- **image map1**: Gem-Deventer-OpenTopo.jpg
- **map caption1**: Map
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Netherlands
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: Overijssel
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: IJsselvallei, Salland
- **established title**: Established
- **elevation m**: 9
Ede

**Ede** is a city in the Netherlands with 65,000 inhabitants, the communal district (gemeente) of Ede has 107,000 inhabitants.
Freud Museum

The **Freud Museum** was the home of Sigmund Freud and his family after they escaped the Nazi takeover of Austria in 1938. It is at 20 Maresfield Gardens in Hampstead, London.

After the death of Anna Freud, the youngest daughter, in 1982, the home became a museum. The centrepiece of the museum is Freud's study, preserved just as it was during his lifetime.

There are two other Freud Museums, one in Vienna, and another  in Příbor, the Czech Republic, in the house where Freud was born.

## The study

The study and library were preserved by Anna Freud after her father's death. The bookshelf behind Freud's desk contains some of his favourite authors: not only Goethe and Shakespeare but also Heine, Multatuli and Anatole France. Freud acknowledged that poets and philosophers had gained insights into the unconscious which psychoanalysis sought to explain systematically.

The room contains the original analytic couch brought from Berggasse 19. On this patients would recline comfortably while Freud, out of sight in the green tub chair, listened to their 'free association'. They were asked to say everything that came to mind without consciously sifting or selecting information. This method became a foundation upon which psychoanalysis was built.

## Antiquities

The study is filled with antiquities from ancient Greece, Rome, Egypt and the Orient. There are some fine masks and carving from Africa. Freud visited many archaeological sites (though not Egypt). Most of the collection was got from dealers in Vienna.

He confessed that his passion for collecting was second only to his addiction to cigars. The importance of the collection can be seen in Freud's use of archaeology as a metaphor for psychoanalysis. One example of this is Freud's explanation to a patient that conscious material 'wears away' while what is unconscious is relatively unchanging: "I illustrated my remarks by pointing to the antique objects about my room. They were, in fact, I said, only objects found in a tomb, and their burial had been their preservation".

The collection includes a portrait of Freud by Salvador Dalí.

## Other websites

- Freud Museum website
- Freud Museum in Vienna

## Infobox (museum)

- **name**: Freud Museum
 London
- **image**: Freud Museum London 2.jpg
- **caption**: <small>The exterior of the Freud Museum, London.</small>
- **established**: 28 July 1986
- **location**: 20 Maresfield Gardens, London NW3
- **publictransit**: Finchley Road tube station, Finchley Road
- **website**: www.freud.org.uk
Emu

The **emu** (_Dromaius novaehollandiae_) is a large flightless bird. It is native to Australia.

It is also the second tallest bird in the world, after its ratite relative, the ostrich. The emu is also related to the cassowary which is slightly smaller but heavier.

## Other emus

There were also two species of dwarf emu, _Dromaius minor_, one living on King Island in Tasmania and the other on Kangaroo Island. They are examples of island dwarfism. The group on King Island became extinct in 1805, that on Kangaroo Island in 1827, and that in Tasmania in 1865.

## Description

The emu is the second tallest bird in the world, only the ostrich  is taller. The largest individuals can reach up to 150 to 190 cm (59 to 75 in) in height.

Emus are the fourth or fifth heaviest living bird after the two species of ostrich and two larger species of cassowary. They weigh slightly more on average than an emperor penguin. The soft-feathered, brown birds reach up to 20m (27ft) in height. Their feathers are in a double layer which helps keep the emu cool. They have bare skin on the sides of the face and their neck. They can weigh up to . They have two large legs, with three toes on each foot. Their wings are very short, about
, and are hidden under their feathers. They can live up to 10–20 years.

The emu is common over most of mainland Australia. It avoids very thick forests and very dry areas. Emus can travel great distances at a fast trot. If necessary they can run at up to  for some distance at a time. They may travel long distances to find food. One emu was found to have travelled .

## Diet

They feed on a variety of plants (seeds, flowers, new growth) and insects.

## Breeding

Emus are solitary birds. However, the young chicks stay with the father until they are 18 months of age. The breeding season is between February and July, when the female can lay between 5-15 eggs in a ground nest built by the male. The male then sits on the eggs for 8 weeks until hatching. The baby chicks have very clear stripes on the feathers which act as camouflage.

On the east coast of Australia, emus were once common but have become uncommon with increased human population. On the other hand, the development of farms and the supply of water for stock have increased the range of the Emu in arid (dry) regions. Emus are farmed for their meat, oil and leather. The first emu farms began in Western Australia during the 1970s.

## The history of the name

The first written description of the emu was under the name of the New Holland Cassowary in Arthur Phillip's _Voyage to Botany Bay_, published in 1788. The species was named by ornithologist (bird expert) John Latham, who worked on Phillip's book. He provided the first descriptions of and names for many Australian bird species. Its scientific name, _Dromaius novaehollandiae_, is from the Latin words, meaning "fast-footed New Hollander". The history of the name, _emu_, is not certain, but is thought to have come from an Arabic word for large bird. This word was later used by Portuguese explorers to describe the related Cassowary in New Guinea.