juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bandkari

The **Bandkari**, or **Bundkari** is a title conferred to the Koli chief of dacoits or revolutionaries of Maharashtra till 1960. if a person pleasure the Koli heros call them as **Bandkari** but when want to degrade calls them **Daku**.

## Origin

The meaning of Bandkari is revolutionary or leader of revolt. The _Band_, or _Bund_ means revolt (rebellion) and _Kari_ means leader or a person of position.

According to a 19th century Marathi-English dictionary, Band meant either insurrection, sedition, or an insurgent, a rebel. A 'Bandkhorvala' or 'Bandkari' was a rebellious person. Until the 19th century, the title appears to have been associated exclusively with revolts against the state or other ruling powers. Revolts by Mahadev Kolis were all described as Bands. Regions which were outside the control of the Maratha state were known as 'Bandi Mulk'. During the course of the nineteenth century, the title evolved, being associated increasingly with the activities of peasants rebelling against social oppression. Today, the people of the mountain regions describe the Koli outlaws as Bandkaris. This is not a word that appears in the nineteenth-century records. The title is applied now not so much to a rebel against the state, but to a person who has put himself outside the law to fight the social oppressors of his caste. He thus enjoys the support of the caste as a whole. In this, the Bandkari is distinguished today from the Daku, or dacoit, who is seen as being involved in illegal activities primarily for his own gain, and who does not enjoy popular support. In English. we may say that the contrast, as it now exists, is between the social bandit, as defined by Eric Hobsbawm, and the mere 'robber' or 'thief who belongs to a professional underworld. When outsiders wish to denigrate the heroes of the Kolis, they call them Dakus. In this section of the essay, I shall examine the tradition of the Band in the pre colonial and early colonial periods, seeing how it had begun to change by 1830, and then go on in the following section to see how this tradition fed into the revolt of Raghu Bhangare.

## Diffrence between Bandkari and Dacoit

The Bandkari is thus different from the dacoits of the professional underworld. Intrinsic to the varying significance is a complex interplay of power, benefit and dissent with agenda and alliances of convenience.
- Dacoits looted the people for their livelihood but a Bandkari looted only rich or bad people.
- Dacoits collected the looted goods for self but a Bandkari distribute the looted goods in needed or poor people.
- Dacoits generally attacked the people but a Bandkari plundered the rich or high profile person in response to punish him.

## Notable

- Raghoji Bhangare, famous Bandkari from Maharashtra who challenged the British government in Konkan
Koli Vero

The **Koli Vero** was a type of tax collected by Koli chiefs of villages from other caste people for living in Koli village.

## System

Here are some important points of Koli vero:,
- It was collected by Koli chiefs such as Koli Thakurs, Koli Patels, Koli Girasias, Koli Pagis and Koli Kotwals of their villages.
- Koli Vero was collected as monthly tax from other caste people.
- If anyone resisted or refused to pay _Koli Vero_, Koli chief often plundered the person's relatives.
- Koli vero system was disbanded during the British rule in Gujarat.
Flag of Sogamoso

The **flag of Sogamoso** () consists in three stripes, up strip is green, on center is red and down is white with the yellow sun. It was adopted in 2010.

## Other websites

[]

## Infobox (flag)

- **name**: Flag of Sogamoso
- **image**: Flag of Sogamoso (Boyacá).svg
- **proportion**: 7:4
- **adoption**: *2010
Animutation

**Animutation** is a style of Flash animation, created accidentally by Neil Cicierega, at the age of 13. This style is characterized by numerous random images from pop culture, usually with foreign music in the background. It's common to use subtitles that aren't a translation of the background music or lyrics, but are actually a soramimi. This type of animation is strange, random, sometimes insane, but it's quite easy to implement, from the point of view of a flash creator. Any kind of rigor and/or professionalism is somehow not necessary in this style of flash animation.

It is believed that the first Animutation ever created was the "Japanese Pokérap", by Neil Cicierega. From here, Neil created a very varied series of Animutations, such as “Hyakugojyuuichi!!!”, “The Ultimate Showdown of Ultimate Destiny” or “Untitled”.

Thanks to the unexpected success of Neil's flashes, other admirers of his work adapted his Animutations. Originally, these fan-made Animutations were called **Fanimutations** as a tribute to Neil's animations, but the two concepts quickly became confused.

## Animutations characters

- Adolf Hitler
- Bill Gates
- Colin Mochrie
- Darth Vader
- George W. Bush
- Harry Potter
- Hello Kitty
- Homer Simpson
- Jay Jay, the Jet
- Jesus
- Super Mario
- Michael Jackson
- Mr. T
- Pac-Man
- Pee Wee Herman
- Pikachu
- Ronald McDonald
- Santa Claus
- Sonic the Hedgehog
- Sponge Bob

## Other websites

- Albino Blacksheep
- Animutation Portal
Regen (river)

The **Regen** is a river in Bavaria, Germany and the Czech Republic. It is a left tributary of the Danube. It is about 190 km long.
Vils (Danube)

The **Vils** is a river in Bavaria, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Danube. It is  long.
Tannheim, Biberach

**Tannheim** is a municipality in Biberach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Infobox (german place)

- **name**: Tannheim
- **image photo**: Tannheim Pfleghof.jpg
- **image caption**: The old castle (Ochsenhauser Pfleghof)
- **image coa**: Wappen Tannheim.svg
- **image plan**: Tannheim in BC.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Tübingen
- **district**: Biberach
- **elevation**: 585
- **area**: 27.68
- **postal code**: 88459
- **area code**: 08395
- **licence**: BC
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 4 26 117
- **website**: [http://www.gemeinde-tannheim.de/ www.gemeinde-tannheim.de]
- **mayor**: Heiko De Vita
- **leader term**: 2023–31
Steinhausen an der Rottum

**Steinhausen an der Rottum** is a municipality in Biberach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Ehrensberger Straße - panoramio.jpg
- **image coa**: Wappen Steinhausen an der Rottum.svg
- **image plan**: Steinhausen an der Rottum in BC.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Tübingen
- **district**: Biberach
- **elevation**: 650
- **area**: 29.88
- **postal code**: 88416
- **area code**: 07352
- **licence**: BC
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 4 26 113
- **divisions**: 3
- **website**: [https://www.steinhausen-rottum.de/ www.steinhausen-rottum.de]
- **mayor**: Hans-Peter Reck
- **leader term**: 2019–27
Ummendorf, Baden-Württemberg

**Ummendorf** is a municipality in Biberach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is on the main route of the Upper Swabian Baroque Route (_Oberschwäbische Barockstraße_).

## Sights

- Catholic church _Johanneskirche_, 1805
- Castle _Ummendorfer Schloss_, 1560
- Castle _Schloss Horn_ at Fischbach

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Ummendorf
- **image photo**: Ummendorf2004.jpg
- **image coa**: Wappen Ummendorf.svg
- **image plan**: Ummendorf in BC.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Tübingen
- **district**: Biberach
- **elevation**: 545
- **area**: 20.66
- **postal code**: 88444
- **area code**: 07351
- **licence**: BC
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 4 26 120
- **divisions**: 2
- **website**: [https://www.ummendorf.de/ www.ummendorf.de]
- **mayor**: Heiko Graf
- **leader term**: 2022–30
Seekirch

**Seekirch** is a municipality in Biberach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Infobox (german place)

- **image coa**: DEU Seekirch COA.svg
- **image plan**: Seekirch in BC.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Tübingen
- **district**: Biberach
- **elevation**: 595
- **area**: 5.77
- **postal code**: 88422
- **area code**: 07582
- **licence**: BC
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 4 26 109
- **website**: [http://www.seekirch.de www.seekirch.de]
- **mayor**: Stefan Koch
- **leader term**: 2019–27
Schwendi, Baden-Württemberg

**Schwendi** is a municipality in Biberach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Infobox (german place)

- **image coa**: Wappen Schwendi.svg
- **image skyline**: Kirche und Pfarrhaus Schwendi 1.jpg
- **image caption**: Church of Saint Stephen and the rectory
- **image plan**: Schwendi in BC.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Tübingen
- **district**: Biberach
- **elevation**: 544
- **area**: 49.23
- **postal code**: 88477
- **area code**: 07353
- **licence**: BC
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 4 26 108
- **divisions**: 6
- **website**: [http://www.schwendi.de/ www.schwendi.de]
- **mayor**: Wolfgang Späth
- **leader term**: 2019–27
Schemmerhofen

**Schemmerhofen** is a municipality in Biberach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Infobox (german place)

- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08426134
- **name**: Schemmerhofen
- **image photo**: Schemmerhofen.JPG
- **image coa**: DEU Schemmerhofen COA.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Tübingen (region), Tübingen
- **district**: Biberach
- **area**: 50.21
- **elevation**: 520
- **image plan**: Schemmerhofen in BC.svg
- **postal code**: 88433
- **area code**: 07356
- **licence**: BC
- **mayor**: Klaus Wilhelm Tappeser
- **leader term**: 2022–30
- **website**: [http://www.schemmerhofen.de/ schemmerhofen.de]
Unlingen

**Unlingen** is a municipality in Biberach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: Wappen Unlingen.svg
- **image plan**: Unlingen in BC.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Tübingen
- **district**: Biberach
- **elevation**: 535
- **area**: 26.87
- **postal code**: 88527
- **area code**: 07371
- **licence**: BC
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 4 26 121
- **website**: [http://www.unlingen.de/ www.unlingen.de]
- **mayor**: Gerhard Hinz
- **leader term**: 2021–29
Uttenweiler

**Uttenweiler** is a municipality in Biberach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: Wappen Uttenweiler.svg
- **image plan**: Uttenweiler in BC.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Tübingen
- **district**: Biberach
- **elevation**: 595
- **area**: 49.78
- **postal code**: 88524
- **area code**: 07374
- **licence**: BC
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 4 26 124
- **website**: [http://www.uttenweiler.de/ www.uttenweiler.de]
- **mayor**: Werner Binder
- **leader term**: 2022–30
Wain (Württemberg)

**Wain** is a municipality in Biberach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Wain
- **image photo**: Wain - panoramio.jpg
- **image coa**: DEU Wain COA.svg
- **image plan**: Wain in BC.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **district**: Biberach
- **elevation**: 530
- **area**: 20.14
- **postal code**: 88489
- **area code**: 07353
- **licence**: BC
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 4 26 125
- **website**: [https://www.wain.de/ www.wain.de]
- **mayor**: Stephan Mantz
- **leader term**: 2022–30
Warthausen

**Warthausen** is a municipality in Biberach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image photo**: Warthausen 2012 by-RaBoe 01.jpg
- **image coa**: DEU Warthausen COA.svg
- **image plan**: Warthausen in BC.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Tübingen
- **district**: Biberach
- **elevation**: 590
- **area**: 26.00
- **postal code**: 88447
- **area code**: 07351
- **licence**: BC
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08 4 26 128
- **website**: [http://www.warthausen.de/ www.warthausen.de]
- **mayor**: Wolfgang Jautz
- **leader term**: 2018–26
Trochtelfingen

**Trochtelfingen** is a town in Reutlingen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is 20 km south of Reutlingen.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image coa**: DEU Trochtelfingen COA.svg
- **image plan**: Trochtelfingen in RT.svg
- **state**: Baden-Württemberg
- **region**: Tübingen
- **district**: Reutlingen
- **elevation**: 700
- **area**: 79.14
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 08415073
- **postal code**: 72814–72818
- **area code**: 07124, 07388
- **licence**: RT
- **website**: [http://www.trochtelfingen.de/ www.trochtelfingen.de]
- **mayor**: Katja Fischer
- **leader term**: 2023–31
- **party**: SPD
Overseas influence of the Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire (1526–1857) at its peak ruled nearly entirely of the Indian subcontinent, although it did not hold any formal land control or colonies overseas but It exerted political and cultural influence over other regions, particularly Southeast Asia.

## Mughal influence on the Aceh Sultanate (Indonesia)

The Mughal Empire's influence extended far beyond the Indian subcontinent, particularly in Southeast Asia, where it maintained strong diplomatic and trade relationships. The Mughal Empire influenced _histography and politics_ of various Southeast Asian kingdoms, such as the Aceh Sultanate (in modern-day Indonesia)

Politically Aceh Sultanate also had influence of the Mughal Empire. The royal seal of the Sultanate, known as the sikureuëng cap was influenced by the Mughal Empire’s seal.

### Abul Fazl's account of Mughal influence

An account by the prominent Mughal chronicler Abu Fazl, Mughal Empire included Aceh Sultanate, Maluku islands and Melaka as it's territories. This account is likely exagerated and probably mistakes influence for control.
Ford Bronco Sport

The **Ford Bronco Sport** is a compact Crossover SUV made by Ford since 2020 its sold under the Bronco name.

## History and Features

The Ford Bronco Sport was launched alongside the normal Bronco in 2020. the Bronco Sport has a retro and off-road styling and shares its plataform with the Ford Escape and the Ford Maverick the Ford Bronco Sport has all-wheel drive system called G.O.A.T (goes over any terrain). the SUV also has a 1.5 and 2.0 liter both turbo Ecoboost engines with a 8-speed automatic transmission it was improved in 2025.

## Markets

The Ford Bronco Sport is currently sold mainly in the Americas specifically South America and North America but also its sold in Middle East.

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Ford Bronco Sport
- **image**: 2021 Ford Bronco Sport Big Bend, front 3.15.21.jpg
- **model code**: CX430
- **layout**: Front-engine, all-wheel-drive
- **designer**: Paul Wraith
- **sp**: us
- **transmission**: 8-speed _8F35 SelectShift_ Automatic Transmission, automatic
- **platform**: Ford C2 platform, Ford C2
- **body style**: 5-door Sport utility vehicle, SUV
- **class**: Compact crossover SUV
- **production**: October 2020 – present
- **assembly**: Mexico: Hermosillo, Sonora (Hermosillo Stamping and Assembly)
- **manufacturer**: Ford Motor Company
- **model years**: 2021–present
- **caption**: 2021 Ford Bronco Sport Big Bend
Britney Spears discography

This is the discography of American singer Britney Spears.
Allobates amissibilis

***Allobates amissibilis*** is a frog.  It lives in Guyana.

## Body

The adult frog is 16.3 to 17.8 mm long from nose to rear end.  There is a wide stripe on each side of the body from the middle of the body to where the hind legs meet the body. The adult male frog has a pink-gray throat with dark marks and the adult female frog has a cream or yellow throat.

## Home

This frog lives in forests in low places and on hills. Scientists saw the frog between 160 and 950 meters above sea level.

This frog lives in the Iwokrama Mountains, which are inside a protected preserve.

## Young

Other frogs in _Allobates_ lay their eggs on land. After the eggs hatch, the adult frogs carry the tadpoles to water. No scientists have reported _A. amissibilis_ tadpoles, so they do not know if this is how these frogs reproduce.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is in some danger of dying out. People also bring visitors to the places where the frog lives. Scientists say this could become a problem if people change the place where the frog lives too much or bring diseases from other parts of the planet.
Britney Spears videography

This is a videography of American entertainer Britney Spears.
Bindi the Jungle Girl

***Bindi the Jungle Girl*** is a children's nature educational documentary television series. It was presented by Bindi Irwin, the daughter of Steve and Terri Irwin. It was produced and shot in Queensland by The Best Picture Show Company for Discovery Kids and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

The series aired from 9 June 2007 until 20 December 2008 on Discovery Kids in the United States and ABC Kids through 18 July 2007 in Australia.
In the Zone (disambiguation)

***In the Zone*** is a 2003 album by Britney Spears.

**In the Zone** may mean:

## Music

- _Britney Spears: In the Zone_, a 2004 video album
- _In the Zone_ (Wayman Tisdale album) or the title song, 1996
- "In the Zone" (song), by Ivy Queen, 1999
- "In the Zone", a song by Blueface from _Find the Beat_, 2020

## Television

- "In the Zone" (_NCIS_), an episode
- "In the Zone" (_The Outer Limits_), an episode
- "In the Zone", a special episode of _The Magic School Bus Rides Again_

## Other uses

- _In the Zone_ (play), a 1917 play by Eugene O'Neill
- _In the Zone_, the third part of Thomas Pynchon's novel _Gravity's Rainbow_
- In the zone (psychology), or flow, a mental state
City Theater of Tehran

**The City Theater of Tehran**  is a performing arts center in Tehran, Iran's capital. It was built in the 1960s by architect Ali Sardar Afkhami, with support from Shahbanu Farah Pahlavi during Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's reign.

The theater opened in 1972 and has several halls, including Cheharsou, Qashqai, Sayeh, the performance studio, and the main hall. Since the 1979 Revolution, it has been managed by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. The City Theater is closed on Saturdays.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Explore Tehran’s City Theater: A Iconic Cultural Landmark
Exploding Kittens

**Exploding Kittens** is a card game that is by _The Oatmeal_ company in January 2015. The first test of the game was recorded on YouTube by Smosh Games, which had their first deck.

## How to play

All cards are placed in the deck, except for the Defuse and the Exploding Kitten cards. The deck is shuffled and each player gets seven cards in their hand including the Defuse card. The remaining Exploding Kitten and Defuse cards are shuffled back in the deck. Players are not allowed to show their cards to other players. Played cards (including played Defuse cards) are put into the discard pile. If a player draws an Exploding Kitten card, they must show it to everybody and they are out of the game unless if they have a Defuse card. The last player remaining in the game wins.

## Special cards

- Defuse Card: Saves them when they draw an Exploding Kitten's card.
- Exploding Kitten Card: They are instantly out of the game unless if they have the Defuse card.
My Singing Monsters

**My Singing Monsters** is a 2012 Canadian video game, created by a company known as Big Blue Bubble and has over 50 million downloads.

### 2010

In February 2010, Big Blue Bubble released a new Rhythm Game for Mobile Devices Called Thumpies (_Which would later get a Windows Port in 2012, and a Remake called My Singing Monsters: Thumpies in 2024_) called Thumpies, a Game where you have to Tap the Thumpies right when they hit a beat to keep the song afloat. They would later become the inspiration for My Singing Monsters and a Monster in the game called Thumpies as a tribute.

### 2011

In September 2011, Big Blue Bubble had released another Game for Mobile Devices called Fling a Thing.

### 2012

By now Big Blue Bubble was looking for more Game Ideas to make.

## List of games

|Name|Year Released|Available in|Discontinued|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Thumpies (_Predecessor_)|2010|Everywhere|Yes|
|Fling a Thing!|2011|Everywhere|Yes|
|My Singing Monsters|2012|Everywhere|No|
|My Mammott|2014|Everywhere|Yes|
|My PomPom|2014|Everywhere|Yes|
|Monster Choir|2014|China, Japan & South Korea|Yes|
|My Singing Monsters: Dawn of Fire|2015|Everywhere|No|
|Furcorns Jelly Dreams|2015|Canada|Yes|
|My Singing Monsters Coloring Book|2016|Everywhere|Yes|
|My Singing Monsters Official Guide|2017|Everywhere|Yes|
|Jammer Splash!|2017|Canada|Yes|
|My Singing Monsters Composer|2018|Everywhere|No|
|My Singing Monsters Teaching Guide|2018|Everywhere|No|
|My Singing Monsters Playground|2021|Everywhere|No|
|Furcorns Karaoke|2023|Pax West 2023|No|
|My Singing Monsters: Thumpies|2024|Everywhere|No|
Abelia

Abelia is a genus of flowering plants in the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliaceae. The genus currently includes six species native to China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The genus previously contained about 30 species and hybrids. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that the genus was not monophyletic.
Information hazard

An information hazard (or, infohazard, for short) is a piece of information that is harmful just to know about.

For example, a nuclear bomb is a hazard. The method on how to create a bomb is an infohazard.

Or, the information that putting your thumb wrapped around your other fingers and flicking the wrist down breaks the ligament. (Do not try this, it's painful).
Ossipee Lake

**Ossipee Lake** is a lake in Ossipee, and Freedom, New Hampshire.
Danka Barteková

**Danka Barteková** is a skeet shooter from Slovakia.

## Career

She won eighth place in the 2008 Olympics. She won the bronze medal at the 2012 Olympics. She also competed in the 2016 Olympics. In 2012, Barteková was picked to be in the IOC Athletes' Commission.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Danka Barteková
- **image**: Danka Bartekova 2016-01 Kristalove kridlo 2015 a.jpg
- **caption**: Barteková in 2016
- **birth place**: Trenčín, Czechoslovakia
- **sport**: Shooting sport, Shooting
- **show-medals**: no
Josh Anderson (ice hockey)

**Joshua Anderson** (born May 7, 1994) is a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Columbus Blue Jackets

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Anderson played parts of 3 seasons with the London Knights of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL).

He was drafted 95th overall overall by the Columbus Blue Jackets in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft. On November 5, 2013, Anderson signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the Blue Jackets. He split time between the Blue Jackets and their AHL-affiliate Lake Erie/Cleveland Monsters.

On January 16, 2015, Anderson made his NHL debut in a 2-1 loss against the New York Rangers. On January 29, he recorded his first NHL point, assisting on a Alexander Wennberg goal in a 3-2 loss against the Florida Panthers. Anderson helped the Monsters defeated the Hershey Bears to win the Calder Cup. On January 9, 2016, Anderson scored his first NHL goal in a 4-3 overtime loss against the Carolina Hurricanes.

On October 6, 2020, the Blue Jackets traded Anderson to the Montreal Canadiens in exchange for Max Domi and a third-round pick in the 2020 NHL Entry Draft. On October 8, Anderson signed to a seven-year, $38.5 million contract extension with the Canadiens. Anderson was very successful for the team. He helped the Canadiens reach the 2021 Stanley Cup Finals.

On his way to the finals, Anderson scored five goals in four rounds. In Game 3 against the Vegas Golden Knights in the semifinals, he scored both the game-tying and overtime winning goal. During Game 4 of the Stanley Cup Finals against the Tampa Bay Lightning, he scored both the first goal of the game and the overtime winning goal to help the Canadiens avoid elimination. It was the only win for the Canadiens and they were eliminated by the Lighting.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Josh Anderson hockey.jpg
- **caption**: Anderson with the Cleveland Monsters, Lake Erie Monsters on June 11, 2016
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right wing
- **shoots**: Right
- **birth place**: Burlington, Ontario, Burlington, Ontario
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lb**: 226
- **team**: Montreal Canadiens
- **former teams**: Columbus Blue Jackets
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **draft**: 95th overall
- **draft year**: 2012
- **draft team**: Columbus Blue Jackets
- **career start**: 2014
Concord Carlisle High School

**Concord Carlisle High School** also known as **CCHS**, is a high school in Concord, Massachusetts. As of 2025, the school has 1,306 students.
Nikolas Cruz

**Nikolas Cruz** (born September 24, 1998) is the perpetrator of the Parkland high school shooting on February 14, 2018. He killed 17 people and injured 17 others before being arrested. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole in 2022.

Cruz qualified for special education assistance in addition to an IEP because of his behavioral problems, which date back to preschool. Cruz was "well-known to school and mental health authorities and was entrenched in the process for getting students help rather than referring them to law enforcement," claimed The Washington Post. Cruz was given an oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis by Stephen E. Moskowitz. In an attempt to address these issues, he completed six school transfers in three years. In 2014, he was moved to a school for kids with learning or mental disorders. He was alleged to have threatened other pupils.

Cruz attended Stoneman Douglas High School again two years later, but he was expelled for disciplinary reasons in 2017.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Nikolas Cruz
- **image name**: Nikolas Cruz.png
- **image upright**: 0.8
- **image caption**: Cruz's mugshot following his arrest
- **birth place**: Margate, Florida, U.S.
- **education**: Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School (expelled)
- **conviction penalty**: 34 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole
- **occupation**: Former Dollar Tree cashier
- **known for**: Perpetrator of the Parkland high school shooting
- **conviction**: 17 counts of Malice aforethought, premeditated Murder in Florida law#First-degree murder, First-degree murder, 17 counts of Attempted murder, attempted first-degree murder
- **targets**: Students and staff at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School
- **fatalities**: 17
- **injuries**: 17
- **weapons**: Smith & Wesson Smith & Wesson M&P15, M&P15 Sport II semi-automatic rifle
- **criminal status**: Incarcerated
- **date**: February 14, 2018
- **motive**: Disputed:
* Revenge for perceived social rejection <small>(prosecution)</small>
* Brain dysfunctions caused from fetal alcohol spectrum disorder <small>(defense)</small>
* Declining mental health and depression (mood), depression <small>(defense)</small>
* Attempt to ruin Valentine's Day <small>(self-declared)</small>
- **status**: Arrested
S&box

***S&box*** (pronounced **Sandbox**) is a game engine and platform made by Facepunch Studios. It has many useful features such as virtual reality, hotloading and visual scripting.

## Infobox (software)

- **title**: S&box
- **logo**: S&box 2021.svg
- **logo size**: 200px
- **developer**: Facepunch Studios
- **latest release version**: 0.7.0
- **latest release date**:

- **platform**: Windows
- **license**: Proprietary software
Azadi Tower

The **Azadi Tower** is one of Tehran’s most iconic landmarks. Previously called the Shahyad Tower , it stands proudly in Azadi Square, marking the western entrance to the city. The tower is part of the larger Azadi Cultural Complex, which also features an underground museum.

## Key Facts about Azadi Tower

- Height and Design: The tower is 45 meters (148 feet) tall and entirely covered in finely cut marble, showcasing elegance and precision.
- Historical Significance: It was built in 1971 by order of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Iran’s last Shah, to commemorate 2,500 years of the Persian Empire. The tower also serves as Iran’s kilometre zero, the starting point for measuring distances in the country.
- Architectural Inspiration: Architect Hossein Amanat, who won the competition to design the tower, blended elements of traditional and modern Iranian architecture. His work reflects influences from classical Persian styles and 1960s art trends inspired by the White Revolution.

The Azadi Tower stands as a bridge between Iran’s rich history and its modern aspirations, making it a must-see destination in Tehran.

## Other websites

- Azadi Tower
Ifeanyi Ossai

**Ifeanyi Ossai** is a Nigerian politician, lawyer and entrepreneur. who is serving as deputy governor of Enugu State.

Ossai is from Udenu local government area in Enugu State.

## Infobox (governor)

- **name**: Ifeanyi Ossai
- **image**: File:Ifeanyiossai.jpg
- **term start**: 29 May 2023
- **birth place**: Udenu, Enugu
- **party**:  All Progressive Congress
- **predecessor**: Cecelia Ezeilo
- **office**: List of Governors of Enugu State, Deputy Governor of Enugu State
- **governor**: Peter Mbah
2024–25 La Liga

**2024-25 La liga** better known as **LALIGA EA SPORTS** Is a 94th la liga seasons. The season started in 15 August, 2024 and will end in 25 May, 2025.

## League table

|Position|Team|P|W|D|L|Pts|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1st|Real Madrid|21|15|4|2|49|
|2nd|Atlético Madrid|21|13|6|2|45|
|3rd|Barcelona|21|13|3|5|42|
|4th|Athletic Bilbao|21|11|7|3|40|
|5th|Villarreal|21|9|7|5|34|
|6th|Mallorca|21|9|3|9|30|
|7th|Rayo Vallecano|21|7|8|6|29|
|8th|Girona|21|8|4|9|28|
|9th|Real Sociedad|21|8|4|9|28|
|10th|Real Betis|21|7|7|7|28|
|11th|Osasuna|21|6|9|6|27|
|12th|Sevilla|21|7|6|8|27|
|13th|Celta Vigo|20|7|3|10|24|
|14th|Getafe|21|5|8|8|23|
|15th|Las Palmas|21|6|5|10|23|
|16th|Leganés|21|5|8|8|23|
|17th|Deportivo Alavés|20|5|5|10|20|
|18th|Espanyol|21|5|5|11|20|
|19th|Valencia|21|3|7|11|16|
|20th|Valladolid|21|4|3|14|15|

## Infobox (football league season)

- **season**: 2024–25
- **competition**: La Liga
- **continentalcup1**: 2025–26 UEFA Champions League, Champions League
- **continentalcup2**: 2025–26 UEFA Europa League, Europa League
- **continentalcup3**: 2025–26 UEFA Conference League, Conference League
- **matches**: 209
- **total goals**: 531
- **league topscorer**: Robert Lewandowski
(17 goals)
- **league topscorer section**: Top goalscorers
- **biggest home win**: FC Barcelona, Barcelona 7–0 Real Valladolid, Valladolid
(31 August 2024)
- **biggest away win**: Valladolid 0–5 Atlético Madrid
(30 November 2024)
- **highest scoring**: Barcelona 7–1 Valencia CF, Valencia
(26 January 2025)
- **longest wins**: Atlético Madrid
(8 matches)
- **longest unbeaten**: Athletic Bilbao
(12 matches)
- **longest winless**: CA Osasuna, Osasuna
UD Las Palmas, Las Palmas
(9 matches)
- **longest losses**: Deportivo Alavés, Alavés
(5 matches)
- **highest attendance**: 78,192
Real Madrid CF, Real Madrid 0–4 FC Barcelona, Barcelona
(26 October 2024)
- **lowest attendance**: 7,559
Getafe CF, Getafe 1–0 RCD Espanyol, Espanyol
(9 December 2024)
- **attendancecalc**: 6108644
- **prevseason**: 2023–24 La Liga, 2023–24
- **nextseason**: 2025–26 La Liga, 2025–26
- **updated**: 25 January 2025
Khaing Thu Kha

**Khaing Thu Kha** (; , also spelled as **Khine Thu Kha**; born 1970) is a Arakanese politician who is currently serving as a spokesperson and the news officer of the Arakan Army (AA), a group in Myanmar that works for more autonomy and self-determination for the Rakhine people. He communicates the group’s goals and activities to the public.

## Early life

Khaing Thu Kha was born on 13 May 1970 in Rakhine State, Myanmar. In 1991, he joined the Arakan Army (Provisional), which started in Karen State. During attempts to enter Rakhine State from Bangladesh, he was arrested twice by Bangladeshi authorities.  He was jailed for a short time in 1991 and later sentenced to five years in prison in 1992.

## Role in armed groups

After his release, he joined the Arakan Liberation Party (ALP), another Rakhine group. In 2012, the ALP signed a ceasefire with the Myanmar government. Later, disagreements within the ALP led Khaing Thu Kha to leave.

In 2014, he helped found the modern Arakan Army with General Tun Myat Naing. The Arakan Army became an important organization in Myanmar. Khaing Thu Kha has been the group’s spokesperson, sharing its views and updates with the public.

## Influence

Khaing Thu Kha is seen as a key figure in the Rakhine nationalist movement, promoting the rights and autonomy of the Rakhine people.

## Other websites

- Arakan Army official website

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Khaing Thu Kha
- **native name**: ခိုင်သုခ
- **native name lang**: my
- **website**: https://www.arakanarmy.net/
- **birth place**: Ann District, Rakhine State, Myanmar
- **commands**: In charge of Arakan Army News Information
- **battles**: *Internal conflict in Myanmar, Myanmar conflict
**Internal conflict in Myanmar, Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
- **allegiance**: Arakan Army
- **branch**: Arakan Army
- **serviceyears**: 2014–present
- **rank**: Public Relations Officer
- **image**: Khaing Thu Kha.png
- **caption**: ULA Spokesman Khaing Thu Kha
Marriza (singer)

**Marriza** (; , born **Thein Zaw** (;  born 20 October 1967 - 23 January 2025) was a Burmese rock singer-songwriter, recognized for his contributions to the rock music scene in Myanmar. He was known for his original music in a time when most musicians in Myanmar performed cover songs. He gained recognition for composing and performing his own original music, standing out in an era when cover music was prevalent in Myanmar's music industry.

On 23 January 2025, Marriza passed away at the age of 57 due to kidney disease. His death was widely reported by major Burmese news outlets, including NP News, Radio Free Asia, and Dawei Watch, and received significant attention on social media. Many Burmese musicians and celebrities expressed their grief, highlighting his influence on Myanmar's music scene. Marriza was particularly noted for his contributions to rock music, especially for his original compositions at a time when cover songs were prevalent in the industry. His passing was seen as a major loss to the country's music community.

## Early life

Marriza was born in Minhla Township, Magway Province, Myanmar (formerly Burma). He was the eldest of two children. In 1993, he moved to Yangon to start his music career.

## Music career

Marriza worked with the Burmese rock band Iron Cross and became known for his original songs. His song "Long Hair, Tall Height, My Lover" became very popular. He focused mostly on rock music, and his albums gained a loyal audience.

Some of his famous albums include:

1. _Pon Yait Mai Ga Yit Phyit_ (1993)
1. _Mait Sar A Twet Ga Yu Nar_
1. _Myor Lint Chin La Min_
1. _Ga Mie Bar Moe Kyoe_
1. _Ko Yote Soe_
1. _Pyar Yae Myint_
1. _Ka Oo Nar_
1. _Shwe Yaung Kaung Kin_
1. _A Chit Nget Thar Kaung_
1. _Shwe Yati_ (2002)
1. _Zet Paung_ (2004)
1. _Tay Char Par Tel_
1. _A Chain A Kar_ (2016)
1. _Oo Dan_ (2019)

## Death

Marriza passed away on 23 January 2025 at the age of 57 from kidney disease. He died in Bahosi Hospital in Yangon and was buried at Yayway Cemetery.

## Personal life

Marriza was married to San San Win, and they had two daughters, Lu Lu and Ye Ye.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Marriza
- **background**: solo_singer
- **native name lang**: my
- **birth name**: Thein Zaw
- **birth place**: Minhla Township, Magway, Myanmar (formerly Burma)
- **origin**: Minhla Township, Magway, Minhla Township
- **death place**: Yangon, Bahosi Hospital, Myanmar
- **genre**: rock music
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter
- **instrument**: guitar
Diwan Mokham Chand

Diwan **Mokham Chand** was one of the chief commanders of the Sikh Empire. He conquered Attock from the Durrani Afghans in 1813 and subdued the Rajputs in the Hills of Himachal and in Jammu at Jasrota, Chamba, and Basroli. He also commanded one of the early Sikh expeditions to conquer Kashmir that ended in failure due to bad weather blocking the passes to the valley.

## Early life

Mokham Chand was born in a Hindu Khatri family to Vaisakhi Mal a tradesman of the village Kunjah. Before joining Ranjit Singh, Mokham Chand worked under Dal Singh Gill of Akalgarh as a _munshi_. After Dal Singh’s death in 1804, Mokham Chand faced issues with Dal Singh's widow and sought employment elsewhere. He later served under Sahib Singh Bhangi of Gujrat from 1804–1806, where he was made Diwan. However, he fell out of favor, was imprisoned, and almost executed. He escaped with help from Sahib Singh’s wife, Chand Kaur, and joined Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1806.

## Military career

Mokham Chand was among the most trusted generals of Ranjit Singh. He played a key role in Ranjit Singh's conquests between 1806–1814. Ranjit Singh, impressed by his military skills, gave him an elephant, horses, and the Dallewalia estates as a Jagir. He was also allowed to recruit 1500 soldiers. In 1808, Mokham Chand oversaw the annexation of Sikh territories in Punjab and helped negotiate with Charles Metcalf from the British East India Company. In the Battle of Attock, he led Sikh forces to victory against the Durrani Afghans, defeating Dost Mohammad Khan and forcing Fateh Khan to flee.

## Death

Mokham Chand died in Phillaur on 29 October 1814. His son, Diwan Moti Ram, and grandson, Diwan Kirpa Ram, served as governors of Kashmir.  His grandson, Diwan Ram Dayal, succeeded him as the commander.

## Infobox (military person)

- **honorific prefix**: Diwan
- **name**: Mokham Chand
- **image**: Diwan Mokham Chand.png
- **birth date**: 1750
- **image size**: 200px
- **death date**: 16 or 19 October 1814
- **death place**: Phillaur, Sikh Empire
- **rank**: Military officer
- **children**: Diwan Moti Ram
Allobates grillisimilis

***Allobates grillisimilis*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Body

The adult male frog is 13.9 ± 0.8  mm long from nose to rear end and the adult frog is 14.4 ± 0.8 mm long. The male and female frogs are the same color. The skin of the frog's back is tan-brown in color with darker brown on the sides of the body. Some frogs have spots on their backs.  The male frog's vocal sac looks white or clear when he uses it to call, and it can have brown marks on it.  Most frogs have stripes on the sides of their bodies. The tops of the front legs are brown in color and white where they meet the body. The bottoms of the front legs are white or clear in color.  The back legs are dark brown in color with white marks near the rear end. There are white scutes on the toes of all four feet.  The iris of the eye is gold with black marks and a ring around the pupil.

## Home

This frog lives in forests that do not fill with water.

The place where the frog lives has some protected parks in it, for example Floresta Nacional Pau-Rosa.

## Young

The male frog sits on branches or logs just over the ground and calls to the female frogs. The female frog lays eggs on land, usually on dead leaves. She lays 6-13 eggs at a time. Scientists have seen the male frogs carrying tadpoles on their backs. The scientists think the male frogs carry the tadpoles to streams, where they will swim and grow.

The tadpoles are partially see-through. A person can see the tubes for blood and the internal organs through the skin. Their bodies have small gold spots on them. The middle of the body can be red or pink in color.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out.
Bavan Maval

The **Bavan Maval**, or **Bawan Mawal** was a territory of fifty two valleys and forts ruled or controlled by Koli chieftain during Maratha Empire. All these forts mostly came in the districts of Pune and Ahmednagar and each fort had a hereditary Koli Nayak or Sardar, due to which the Kolis were known as Mavala.

The Koli Nayaks of the fifty-two forts of the Maval region also had a chief called the **Sirnayak**, headquartered at Junnar, who settled social disputes and maintained order among the Kolis. In 1650, the Bavan Mavals came under the rule of Mughals, due to which Jizya was imposed on the Kolis, due to this, they later revolted against Sultan Auranzeb in the Maval area, after which the Kolis came to be called Mard Mavala.

The Mahadev Kolis of Bawan Mavals (52 forts) who were called 'Mard Mavla, had transformed into a powerful and important army of Chhatrapati Shivaji, because at the behest of Shivaji, the Mahadev Kolis revolted against the Bijapur Sultanate and later against Sultan Aurangzeb of the Mughal Empire under their chief Khemi Sarnaik. Koli nayaks of Bavan Mavals played an important role in establishing Swarajya and in the several battles.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bavan Mavals
- **official name**: Fifty two forts of Koli Nayaks
- **native name**: बावन मावळ
- **native name lang**: Mr
- **other name**: Kolistan
- **settlement type**: 52 forts
- **motto**: Jai Shivrai
- **founder**: Koli people
- **leader title**: Sirnayak
- **leader name**: Khemirao Sarnaik
- **named for**: Mavala
- **population demonym**: Koli people, Koli
Kanishka

**Kanishka I**, also called **Kanishka the Great**, was an emperor of the Kushan dynasty. He ruled between  and 150 CE, and during his reign, the empire was at its strongest. Kanishka is known for his success in war, government, and religion. He was a descendant of Kujula Kadphises, who established the Kushan empire.

Kanishka’s empire included Central Asia, Gandhara, and Pataliputra in the Gangetic plain. His main capital was in _Puruṣapura_ in Gandhara, and another important capital was in Mathura. Coins from his rule have been found as far as in Jabalpur.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Kaniṣka, Kanishka
- **title**: Kushan Empire, Kushan emperor
- **image**: KanishkaCoin3.JPG
- **caption**: Gold coin of Kanishka
- **reign**: 127–150 CE
- **predecessor**: Vima Kadphises
- **successor**: Huvishka
- **dynasty**: Kushan Empire, Kushan
- **birth place**: Possibly Khotan, present-day Xinjiang, China (per Chinese chronicles)
or Kashmir
The Playroom VR

***The Playroom VR*** is a 2016 virtual reality video game developed by Japan Studio for the PlayStation 4.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: The Playroom VR
- **publisher**: Sony Interactive Entertainment
- **developer**: Team Asobi (Japan Studio)
- **image**: The Playroom VR logo.png
- **series**: Astro Bot (series), Astro Bot
- **platforms**: PlayStation 4
- **genre**: Platformer, virtual reality
- **released**: 2016
- **composer**: Sachiko Miyano
Takuro Iga
Tadashi Yatabe
- **director**: Nicolas Doucet
Kangaroo court

A kangaroo court is the name for a court of law that ignores recognized standards of law or justice, and that has little or no recognized standing where it operates, and that is convened ad hoc.  A kangaroo court may ignore due process and come to a predetermined conclusion. The term is also used for a court held by a legitimate judicial authority, but which intentionally disregards the court's legal or ethical obligations (compare show trial).
Butterfly doors

**Butterfly doors** are a type of car door. They are sometimes on high-performance cars. Butterfly doors move out from the car and up from hinges. This makes it easier to enter and exit the car.

## History

Butterfly doors were first seen on the Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale in 1967.

The Toyota Sera was the first mass-produced car with butterfly doors. The Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren is one of the few open-top cars to use butterfly wing doors. This is made possible by having hinge points along the side of the A-pillar instead of at the top.
Car door

A **car door** is a type of door opening for an automobile. Car doors are designed to help people enter and exit cars. The doors usually hang from hinge<nowiki/>s connected to the car body on their front edge. Sometimes car doors are connected in other ways. These connections can be tracks. Car doors mostly have windows on them so people can see inside and outside of the car. The doors can also be locked to keep the inside of the vehicle safe.

## Parts

- Door card
- Door handle
- Door switch
- Glass window
- Pillar
- Power door locks, which can work on a remote system
- Interior storage compartment

## Names given for number and type of doors

Hatchback and estate or station wagon vehicles usually called "three-door" or "five-door" cars in Europe and some other parts of the world.

For saloons or sedans and coupés, the boot/trunk lid is not a door. This is because the lid is for opening into a different part of the car.

Passenger cars will typically have two-doors (such as coupes) or four-doors (such as sedans).
Head-up display

A **head-up display**, or **heads-up display**, also known as a **HUD** () or **head-up guidance system** (**HGS**) is a transparent display that shows information without users needing to change their view. The name comes from a pilot being able to see information with the head "up" looking forward and not looking down. A HUD also helps a pilot's eyes since they do not need to refocus how they see.

HUDs were first used for military aircraft. Now they are in commercial aircraft, automobiles, and in used in other products.

## Related pages

- Augmented reality
- Smartglasses

## Other websites

- Rochester Archives Article—'Buccaneer HUD PDU'
- BBC Article—'Pacman comes to life virtually'
- 'Clinical evaluation of the 'head-up' display of anesthesia data'
- 'When will the Head-up go Civil' – _Flight_ 1968 archive
- 'Elliott Brothers to BAE SYSTEMS' – a short history of Elliott Brothers
- _Head-up Over the Hills_ – a 1964 _Flight International_ article on flying using an early Specto head-up display
- Jaguar Unveils 'Virtual Widescreen' Technology to Assist Drivers –  Latin Post
- The story of how all Miramar Tomcat squadrons got the funds to purchase riflescopes to attach to the HUD of their F-14 fighter jets
Hit Me Hard and Soft

***Hit Me Hard and Soft*** is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Billie Eilish. It was released on May 17, 2024, through Darkroom and Interscope Records. It is her first full-length studio album release since 2021's _Happier Than Ever_. Eilish co-wrote _Hit Me Hard and Soft_ with her brother and frequent collaborator Finneas O'Connell. He also produced the album. Stylistically, it has been labeled as an alt-pop and bedroom pop album.

_Hit Me Hard and Soft_ was very well received by critics when it was released. It charted first in many countries. The album debuted second on _Billboard_ 200 and charted all 10 of its songs in the top 40 of the _Billboard_ Hot 100. The album and its songs were nominated at the 67th Grammy Awards, which included Album of the Year, Song of the Year, and Record of the Year.

To support the album, Eilish has embarked on her seventh concert tour, Hit Me Hard and Soft: The Tour. It began on September 29, 2024.

## Other websites

https://vi-control.net/community/threads/billie-eilishs-new-album-title-hit-me-hard-and-soft-comes-from-a-logic-synth-or-preset-she-misheard-what-is-it.151972/

https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2025/01/03/billie-eilish-blocks-one-of-the-most-successful-musicians-of-all-time-from-a-new-no-1/

https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/billie-eilish-hit-me-hard-and-soft/

https://www.pluggedin.com/album-reviews/billie-eilish-hit-me-hard-and-soft/
Cadillac Opulent Velocity

The **Cadillac Opulent Velocity** is an autonomous and electric concept car made by Cadillac. It was designed by Magalie Debellis. The concept car was first shown at the Quail Motorsports Gathering in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California on August 16, 2024.

## Design

The Opulent Velocity is a coupe that has seats for four people. The rear seat is like a bench.

### Modes

The design was to show a car that can be "opulent" and have "velocity".  The opulent mode of the car is to give comfort for passengers. In this first mode, the car will drive itself. The car will also provide calm smells, sounds and views in this mode.

The velocity mode is for speed and so the driver can have fun.

### Features

Some features and parts included on the Opulent Velocity include:

- 3D printed inside
- Autonomous driving
- Butterfly doors
- Electric motor
- Head-up display
- LED headlights
- Ultium battery
- Voice commands