juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Elsie Tu

**Elsie Tu**, GBM, CBE (née **Hume**; ; 2 June 1913 – 8 December 2015), was an English-born Hong Kong social activist. She was born in Newcastle upon Tyne. She was an elected member of the Urban Council of Hong Kong, and member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. She became known for her strong opposition of colonialism and corruption.
Matey Kaziyski

**Matey Kaziyski** (; born 23 September 1984) is a Bulgarian volleyball player. He was a member of Bulgaria men's national volleyball team in 2003-2012 and Japanese club Panasonic Panthers, a participant of the Olympic Games Beijing 2008, bronze medalist of the World Championship 2006, World Cup 2007 and European Championship 2009. He is a multiple winner of the CEV Champions League and FIVB Club World Championship with the Italian club Trentino Volley.

## Other websites

- FIVB profile
Alan Hodgkinson

**Alan Hodgkinson** MBE (16 August 1936 – 8 December 2015) was an English professional football goalkeeper and goalkeeping coach.

## Football career

At just over , Hodgkinson was on the small side for a goalkeeper, but made up for the lack of height by his good positional play. He played for Sheffield United from 1954 to 1971 and for the England national football team from 1957 to 1960.

## Death

Hodgkinson died on 8 December 2015 at the age of 79.

## Sheffield United career

|Season|Division|League Apps|FA Cup Apps|FL Cup Apps|Other Apps|Total Apps|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1954–55|One|11|0|0|0|11|
|1955–56|One|4|0|0|0|4|
|1956–57|Two|17|3|0|0|20|
|1957–58|Two|36|4|0|2|42|
|1958–59|Two|42|6|0|2|50|
|1959–60|Two|39|4|0|3|46|
|1960–61|Two|41|7|1|0|49|
|1961–62|One|40|6|7|0|53|
|1962–63|One|40|3|1|0|44|
|1963–64|One|35|3|1|0|39|
|1964–65|One|40|3|1|2|46|
|1965–66|One|41|2|1|1|45|
|1966–67|One|42|4|5|3|54|
|1967–68|One|41|3|1|0|45|
|1968–69|Two|42|1|1|3|47|
|1969–70|Two|41|2|3|2|48|
|1970–71|Two|24|1|2|4|31|

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Alan Hodgkinson
- **image**: Alan Hodgkinson 01-10-2011 1.jpg
- **caption**: Hodgkinson as Oxford United F.C., Oxford United goalkeeping coach in 2011
- **birth place**: Laughton-en-le-Morthen, Laughton Common, West Riding of Yorkshire, England
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthclubs1**: Worksop Town F.C., Worksop Town
- **youthyears2**: 1953–1954
- **youthclubs2**: Sheffield United F.C. Academy, Sheffield United
- **years1**: 1954–1971
- **clubs1**: Sheffield United F.C., Sheffield United
- **caps1**: 576
- **goals1**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 1957–1960
- **nationalteam1**: England national football team, England
- **nationalcaps1**: 5
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
William B. Davis

**William Bruce Davis** (born January 13, 1938) is a Canadian actor, television director, and activist. He is best known for his role as The Smoking Man on _The X-Files_. Recently, he has been an activist to stop global warming.

Davis was born in Toronto, Ontario.

## Other websites

- williambdavis.com

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: William B. Davis
- **image**: Toulouse Game Show 2011 - William B Davis - P1280944-CROP.jpg
- **caption**: William B. Davis in 2011
- **birth name**: William Bruce Davis
- **birth place**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **years active**: 1949-present
- **occupation**: Actor, director, activist
- **spouse**: Emmanuelle Davis
- **children**: 2 daughters, Melinda and Rebecca
- **website**: [http://www.williambdavis.com/ williambdavis.com]
Isuzu Rodeo

The **Isuzu Rodeo** was a mid-size SUV sold from 1991-2004. From 1991-1997, the 2.6-liter 4-cylinder 120 horsepower engine was standard on the 2WD Rodeo S. The Rodeo had an optional V6 engine and four-wheel drive. The first series Rodeos had a number of safety issues. It had very poor crash test scores. Front airbags were installed for the first time in 1995. The second generation Rodeo came out in 1998. A new V6 engine gave it much more power. While the exterior design did not change very much, it became known as one of the best SUVs available at the time. But it could not keep up with the other SUVs in the market. Isuzu would later replace the Rodeo with the Ascender, a badge-engineered GMC Envoy in 2005
GMC Envoy

The **GMC Envoy** was a midsize SUV sold by the GMC division of General Motors. It was introduced in 1998. In 2002 the Envoy was improved and rode on the same chassisas the new Chevrolet TrailBlazer. The Envoy was later given an extended wheelbase. In 2004 it was given a trim package called XUV. This was an Envoy XL with no third row seating and a retractable roof over the cargo bay. This was an attempt to make it both an SUV and a pickup truck. The resulting odd-looking Envoy XUV did not sell well. 2009 was the last model year for the Envoy. It had daytime running lights, electronic stability control, anti-lock brakes and a rollover sensor that automatically deployed the side curtain air bags. It was replaced by the GMC Terrain.
Isiah Thomas

**Isiah Lord Thomas III** (born April 30, 1961) is a retired American basketball player. He played professionally for the Detroit Pistons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Thomas was just over 6 feet tall, making him a "small man" by basketball standards. He was one of the greatest point guards in basketball history. His only peer in the 1980s was Earvin "Magic" Johnson who played for the Los Angeles Lakers.

## Early life

He grew up poor on Chicago's South Side. As a boy he showed a talent for basketball. At this time Thomas realized his basketball skills might help his family get out of poverty and the unsafe neighborhood. Thomas attended the Indiana University. He was a member of the US men's basketball team at the 1980 Summer Olympics. Because of the US boycott, the team did not go to Moscow.

## Professional career

Thomas was a first round draft choice by the Detroit Pistons. He was signed to a 4-year contract. In 1984 Thomas was given an 11-year, $12 million contract. This was both the longest and highest paying player contract in Detroit Pistons history. A torn achilles tendon forced him to retire in 1994.

## Accomplishments and honors

Thomas was the 1982 NBA Rookie of the Year. He was named the Most Valuable Player in the 1984, 1986 and 1990. He played in twelve All-star games. In 1996 he was named one of the 50 greatest players in NBA history.

Thomas has one of the best records in NBA history. He scored a total of 18,822 points averaging 19.2 points per game. He was named to the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team. In 2000 he was named to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.
Audencia Nantes School of Management

**Audencia Nantes School of Management** is a business school in Nantes, France. It is accredited by the Association of MBAs (AMBA), European Quality Improvement System (EQUIS) and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).  The school enrolls 3000 students from almost 50 countries. It offers bachelor's, international master's, specialised masters and MBAs degrees. It also offers executive education courses.

The school was started in 1900 as the _École Supérieure de Commerce de Nantes_. The school's name was changed in 2000 to its current name, Audencia Nantes School of Management. The name Audencia comes from two Latin words: _audientia_ (meaning to hear or listen) and _audacia_ (meaning boldness or daring).

The school has a partnership with the French Civil Aviation University for a dual degree engineering / management.

## Other websites

- Official website
The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim

***The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim*** is an action role-playing, open-world video game which was made by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks. Skyrim is the fifth game in _The Elder Scrolls_ series. It is a sequel to _The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion_. Skyrim was released worldwide on November 11, 2011 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360. Three add-ons were later released for Skyrim. They were _Dawnguard_, _Hearthfire_ and _Dragonborn_. The legendary edition of _Skyrim_ was released on June 4, 2013, this included ‘’The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim’’ _Dawnguard_, _Hearthfire_ and _Dragonborn_.

The player character is known as the Dragonborn in game, a mortal with a dragon's soul and blood.

_Skyrim_s main story revolves around the player character and their quest to defeat Alduin the World-Eater, A dragon which is said to destroy Tamriel. Tamriel is a fictional continent in which Skyrim is region. The game takes place two hundred years after _The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion_ takes place. In ‘’Skyrim’’ the user can travel anywhere in the game world due to it being open world.

The game was created using the Creation Engine, which was rebuilt for _Skyrim_. ***The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim*** was released to critical acclaim. The game sold over 20 million copies across all three platforms.

## Gameplay

_The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim_ is an action role-playing game, it uses first-person and third-person perspectives. The player can freely travel around Skyrim, as it is an open-world game. Skyrim has wilderness, dungeons, cities, towns, fortresses, villages,and bandit bases. Players can travel the world using horses or by fast traveling which allows the player to travel to any discovered place. The game’s main quest can be completed or ignored, up to the players choice. Some quests rely on the main story's progression.
Bad Rats: The Rats' Revenge

***Bad Rats: The Rats' Revenge*** is a puzzle video game from 2009. It was made by Invent4 Entertainment for Microsoft Windows. The mission of the game is to solve physics puzzles to take revenge on cats. The game is known for its popularity and terrible reputation among Steam users.

## Gameplay

The goal of each stage is to use rats to activate an object to kill a cat. The player must place objects within a time limit. The player's score is based on the objects used and time taken.

## Reception

The game did not receive professional reviews on Metecritic or GameRankings. According to _Kotaku_, it is a "nearly universally reviled" game.

## Other websites

- http://www.invent4.com/rats/
Ramus Pomifer

**Ramus Pomifer** (Latin for _apple branch_) was a constellation found between Hercules and Lyra. It represented a branch held in Hercules' left hand. It later formed a new constellation: _Cerberus et Ramus_ (along with Cerberus, that shared many of the same stars).
Natural Wonder

***Natural Wonder*** is a live album by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was recorded in Osaka, Japan and released on November 21, 1995. It was both Wonder's second album to be released in 1995 and his fourth live album and first since 1970's _Stevie Wonder Live_.

### Disc one

1. "Dancing to the Rhythm" *– 7:07
1. "Love's in Need of Love Today" – 6:02
1. "Master Blaster (Jammin')" – 3:36
1. "Stevie Ray Blues" *– 2:27
1. "Higher Ground" – 3:59
1. "Rocket Love" – 4:47
1. "Stay Gold" – 4:21
1. "Ribbon in the Sky" – 8:37
1. "Pastime Paradise" – 3:22
1. "If It's Magic" – 3:34
1. "Ms. & Mr. Little Ones" *– 4:17
1. "Village Ghetto Land" – 3:26
1. "Tomorrow Robins Will Sing" – 4:20

(*) Previously unreleased songs.
- "Stevie Ray Blues" is a tribute to Stevie Ray Vaughan.
- "Dancing to the Rhythm" & "Ms. & Mr. Little Ones" are new songs.

### Disc two

1. "Overjoyed" – 3:59
1. "My Cherie Amour" – 3:20
1. "Signed, Sealed, Delivered, I'm Yours" – 2:45
1. "Living for the City" – 4:26
1. "Sir Duke" – 2:46
1. "I Wish" – 4:06
1. "You Are the Sunshine of My Life" – 2:21
1. "Superstition" – 5:37
1. "I Just Called to Say I Love You" – 4:38
1. "For Your Love" – 5:06
1. "Another Star" – 5:55

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Natural Wonder
- **type**: Live Album
- **artist**: Stevie Wonder
- **released**: November 21, 1995
- **length**: 112:18
- **label**: Motown Records, Motown
- **prev title**: Conversation Peace
(1995)
- **next title**: Song Review: A Greatest Hits Collection
(2005)
Song Review: A Greatest Hits Collection

***Song Review: A Greatest Hits Collection*** is a 1996 double disc greatest hits album by Stevie Wonder. Wonder would release another greatest hits album called _At the Close of a Century_ three years later.

## Track listings

- Disc 1
1. "Part-Time Lover" (7" single version)
1. "I Just Called to Say I Love You" (single version)
1. "Superstition" (single version)
1. "Sir Duke"
1. "My Cherie Amour"
1. "I Was Made to Love Her"
1. "Overjoyed"
1. "Hey Love"
1. "Signed, Sealed, Delivered (I'm Yours)"
1. "You Are the Sunshine of My Life" (single version)
1. "Ribbon in the Sky" (edit)
1. "Master Blaster (Jammin')" (7" single version)
1. "Living for the City" (single version)
1. "Uptight (Everything's Alright)"
1. "Lately"
1. "Do I Do"

- Disc 2
1. "Send One Your Love"
1. "Ebony and Ivory"
1. "All I Do"
1. "That Girl"
1. "For Your Love" (7" single version)
1. "I Wish"
1. "You Will Know" (radio edit)
1. "Boogie On Reggae Woman" (single version)
1. "Higher Ground" (single version)
1. "These Three Words"
1. "Stay Gold"
1. "Love Light in Flight"
1. "Kiss Lonely Goodbye" (edit)
1. "Hold On to Your Dream"
1. "Redemption Song"

### 1998 edition

1. "Isn't She Lovely"
1. "I Just Called to Say I Love You"
1. "Superstition"
1. "Sir Duke"
1. "Master Blaster (Jammin')"
1. "Ebony and Ivory"
1. "Happy Birthday"
1. "Living for the City"
1. "He's Misstra Know It All"
1. "You Are the Sunshine of My Life"
1. "Lately"
1. "Part-Time Lover"
1. "My Cherie Amour"
1. "Yester-Me, Yester-You, Yesterday"
1. "Uptight (Everything's Alright)"
1. "I Was Made to Love Her"
1. "For Once in My Life"
1. "Signed, Sealed, Delivered (I'm Yours)"
1. "For Your Love"
1. "Kiss Lonely Goodbye"
1. "Redemption Song"

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Song Review: A Greatest Hits Collection
- **type**: Compilation
- **artist**: Stevie Wonder
- **released**: 1996
- **label**: Motown
- **producer**: Various
- **prev title**: Conversation Peace
(1995)
- **next title**: At the Close of a Century
(1999)
At the Close of a Century

***At the Close of a Century*** is a box set album that has Stevie Wonder's greatest hits from 1962-1995 and was released on November 21, 1999.

### Disc 1

1. Fingertips (Pts. 1 & 2) - (6:55)
1. Uptight (Everything's Alright) - (2:53)
1. Nothing's Too Good For My Baby -(2:38)
1. Blowin' in the Wind - (3:43)
1. A Place in the Sun - (2:45)
1. Hey Love - (2:45)
1. I Was Made to Love Her - (2:37)
1. Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do) - (3:01)
1. I'm Wondering - (2:55)
1. Shoo-Be-Doo-Be-Doo-Da-Day - (2:46)
1. You Met Your Match - (2:38)
1. For Once in My Life - (2:50)
1. I Don't Know Why - (2:45)
1. My Cherie Amour - (2:50)
1. Yester-Me, Yester-You, Yesterday - (3:04)
1. Never Had a Dream Come True - (3:13)
1. Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours - (2:40)
1. Heaven Help Us All - (3:15)
1. We Can Work It Out - (3:17)
1. If You Really Love Me - (2:56)
1. Never Dreamed You'd Leave in Summer - (2:56)
1. Superwoman (Where Were You When I Needed You) - (8:07)
1. I Love Every Little Thing About You - (3:55)

### Disc 2

1. Superstition - (4:26)
1. You Are The Sunshine Of My Life - (2:55)
1. You And I - (4:34)
1. I Believe (When I Fall In Love It Will Be Forever) - (4:52)
1. Too High - (4:36)
1. Visions - (5:23)
1. Living For The City - (7:23)
1. Golden Lady - (4:47)
1. Higher Ground - (3:42)
1. All In Love Is Fair - (3:43)
1. Don't You Worry 'Bout A Thing - (4:45)
1. He's Misstra Know-It-All - (5:36)
1. You Haven't Done Nothin' - (3:29)
1. Heaven Is 10 Zillion Light Years Away - (5:02)
1. Too Shy To Say - (3:29)
1. Boogie On Reggae Woman - (4:55)
1. Creepin' - (4:20)

### Disc 3

1. Sir Duke - (3:51)
1. I Wish - (4:12)
1. Knocks Me Off My Feet - (3:36)
1. Pastime Paradise - (3:27)
1. Isn't She Lovely- (6:36)
1. Ngiculela ~ Es Una Historia ~ I Am Singing - (3:48)
1. If It's Magic - (3:12)
1. As - (7:09)
1. Another Star - (8:22)
1. Send One Your Love - (4:01)
1. All I Do - (5:16)
1. Rocket Love - (4:39)
1. I Ain't Gonna Stand for It - (4:39)
1. Master Blaster (Jammin') - (5:11)
1. Lately - (4:05)
1. Happy Birthday - (5:58)

### Disc 4

1. That Girl - (5:13)
1. Ribbon in the Sky - (5:40)
1. Do I Do - (10:30)
1. Love Light in Flight - (6:54)
1. I Just Called To Say I Love You - (4:22)
1. Overjoyed - (3:42)
1. Part-Time Lover - (4:12)
1. Go Home - (5:19)
1. You Will Know - (5:02)
1. Skeletons - (5:24)
1. Gotta Have You - (6:26)
1. These Three Words - (4:54)
1. For Your Love - (5:01)
1. How Come, How Long (Babyface feat. Stevie Wonder) - (5:15)

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Stevie Wonder: At the Close of a Century
- **type**: Greatest hits
- **artist**: Stevie Wonder
- **released**: November 23, 1999
- **label**: Motown
- **producer**: Harry Weinger
- **prev title**: Natural Wonder
(1995)
- **next title**: The Definitive Collection (Stevie Wonder album), The Definitive Collection
(2002)
Ordinary (liturgy)

The catholic mass is made of two parts: One that changes during the year, and the other one that does not. The one that does not change is usually called **Ordinary**. The part that canges is usually called Proper. The Latin names for these are _Ordinarium_ and _Proprium_. When talkin about the music performed in Church, an ordinary usually consists of the following (which are either songs or prayers):
1. Kyrie eleison
1. Gloria
1. Credo
1. Sanctus
1. Agnus dei
Protestant and Eastern Orthodox often use the same songs, but they have adapted the texts. Nowadays, the text is often translated to the local language.
Shirley Stelfox

**Shirley Stelfox** (11 April 1941 – 7 December 2015) was an English actress. She was best known for her role as Edna Birch on the British soap opera _Emmerdale_.

Stelfox died in Yorkshire Dales, Yorkshire from cancer of unknown primary origin on 7 December 2015, aged 74.

## Other websites

- Profile , filmdope.com; accessed 21 November 2015.
- Shirley Stelfox (Aveleyman)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Shirley Stelfox
- **birth place**: Dukinfield, Cheshire, England
- **nationality**: United Kingdom, British
- **death place**: Yorkshire Dales, Yorkshire, England
- **yearsactive**: 1954, 1964–2015
- **occupation**: Actress
- **spouse**: Keith Edmundson
(m. 1962-1965, divorced)
 Don Henderson
(m. 1979–1997; his death)
- **children**: Helena, Helen, John James
Mattiwilda Dobbs

**Mattiwilda Dobbs** (July 11, 1925 – December 8, 2015) was an African-American coloratura soprano. She was one of the first black singers to enjoy a major international career in opera. After winning the International Music Competition in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1951, she made her professional operatic debut at the Holland Festival, as the Nightingale in Stravinsky's _The Nightingale_, in 1952.

Dobbs died on December 8, 2015 at her home in Atlanta, Georgia of cancer of unknown primary origin at the age of 90.

## Other websites

- Interview with Mattiwilda Dobbs by Bruce Duffie, March 28, 1994
Bonnie Lou

**Mary Joan Okum** (née **Kath**; October 27, 1924 – December 8, 2015), known by her performing name **Bonnie Lou**, was an American musical pioneer. She was one of first female rock and roll singers. She was also one of the first artists to gain crossover success from country music to rock and roll. She was the "top name" on the first country music program regularly broadcast on a national TV network.

Lou was one of the first female co-hosts of a successful television talk show, and a regular musical performer on popular shows in the 1960s and 1970s. She "was a prime mover in the first days of rockabilly," and is a member of the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.

Lou died from complications of dementia under hospice care in Cincinnati, Ohio, aged 91.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Bonnie Lou
- **image**: Bonnie Lou 1972.jpg
- **caption**: Bonnie Lou in a 1972 publicity photo
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Mary Joan Kath
- **alias**: Bonnie Lou
- **birth place**: Towanda, Illinois, United States
- **death place**: Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- **genre**: Country Music, Country, rock and roll, rockabilly
- **occupation**: Singing, Singer Musician TV host, TV and radio host
- **years active**: 1940s–1980s
- **label**: King Records (USA), King Records
 Fraternity Records
- **associated acts**: Janis Martin, Wanda Jackson, Jo Ann Campbell
Abduction

**Abduction** is the criminal act of taking a person away by means of fraud, persuasion, by threat of violence or by force. Kidnapping, by comparison, is limited to a threat of violence or forcefully taking adults or by the taking of children. It often involves some form of false imprisonment. In some states, kidnapping and abduction are treated as the same thing. But in most jurisdictions they are separate crimes. Unlawful interference with family members such as removing a child from its parents is abduction. It does not matter if the minor consents or not. Kidnapping is the unlawful taking of a person against their will. Abduction can also mean the taking of any female person for the purposes of human trafficking, prostitution, concubinage or (forced) marriage.

## Child abduction

During wars, children are often abducted. They may be treated brutally or killed. They may be victims of sexual violence or may be used as soldiers. Children are abducted both by armed parties or governments. They may be taken as an act of retaliation against a population.

## International child abduction

When a marriage breaks down, it is not uncommon for one parent to wish to return, with his or her children, to their state of origin. This is usually without the permission of the other parent. This becomes an international child abduction. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child requires "State Parties shall take measures to combat the illicit transfer and non-return of children abroad". Also that they "promote the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral agreements or accession to existing agreements". International child abductions are a matter treated by civil law and in some cases criminal law.

## Other websites

- Abduction vs Kidnapping, Kids Live Safe
- Family Abduction, National Center for Missing & Exploited Children
Embezzlement

**Embezzlement** is the theft or misappropriating of funds or assets belonging to a company or government. It is the misusing of property lawfully entrusted to a person who then converts it for his or her own use. Accounting embezzlement is hiding the theft of funds by the manipulation of accounting records. Embezzlement is most commonly a corporate crime.

There are many different ways to embezzle funds. "Skimming off the top" is when a person continually takes a small amount over a period of time. Someone may disappear after taking a large amount of funds. Managers may steal money by under-reporting income and keeping the unreported funds.

The US Internal Revenue Service requires the reporting of all income when a person files their income tax forms. Failure to include embezzled funds in their gross income can bring charges of tax evasion by the IRS. This is in addition to any other jurisdictions criminal charges of embezzlement.
Eskender Mustafaiev

**Eskender Mustafaiev** (Ukrainian: Ескендер Аметович Мустафаєв; born July 17, 1981) is a swimmer from Aqyar/Sevastopil. Ukraine.  He won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in the 50 metre freestyle S4 race.

## Swimming

Mustafaiev was a member of the swimming team from Ukraine at the 2011 IPC European Swimming Championships in Berlin, Germany. He competed in the Men’s 50m Freestyle S4.

When he was 31-years-old, Mustafaiev won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in the 50 metre freestyle S4 with a time of 38.26 seconds.  He also competed in the 100m freestyle, 50m backstroke and 200m freestyle races in London.  He was one of three people from Ukraine who was from Crimea who competed in London. The other two sportspeople were swimmer Dmytro Kryzhanivskyi and shooter Olha Mustafaieva. He finished last in the 50m backstroke final. After the 2012 Games, they gave him the Order of Merit for his sport work.

At the 2013 IPC Swimming World Championships in Montreal, Mustafaiev won a gold in the men’s 50 freestyle S4 with a time of 37.96 seconds. He won a silver medal in the men’s 100 freestyle S4.  He lost the race to Slovenia's Darko Duric, who defeated him by a third of a second.

Mustafaiev did not compete at the 2014 IPC Swimming European Championships and did not defend his world championship title.

In October 2014, Mustafaiev, two other Crimean Paralympic and Deaflympic swimmers and a Crimean Paralympic or Deaflympic coach lost their Ukrainian sports scholarship.  This was decided after reports they moved to Russia.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Eskender Mustafaiev
- **fullname**: Eskender Mustafaiev
- **strokes**: Freestyle swimming, Freestyle, medley swimming, medley
Deimatic defence

**Deimatic defence** is when prey startle predators and so get time to escape. The predator gets a shock, and often jumps back when startled. Many prey use this tactic when a predator gets close. It is an anti-predator defence.

This method is a fake, where a real aposematic warning signal is genuine. Many species of frog put on warning displays; but only some of these species do have poison glands.

Displays are classified as deimatic or aposematic by the responses of the animals that see them.
1. Where predators are initially startled but learn to eat the displaying prey, the display is classed as deimatic, and the prey is bluffing;
1. Where they continue to avoid the prey after tasting it, the display is taken as aposematic, meaning the prey is genuinely distasteful.
In the second case, the behaviour is both deimatic and aposematic. It startles the predator, and the display truly indicates the prey is bad to eat.
Tax advantage

**Tax advantage** refers to the financial gain which applies to certain accounts or investments. These include accounts that are, by statute, tax-reduced, tax-deferred, or tax-free. Governments establish tax advantages to encourage private individuals to contribute money when it is considered to be in the public interest. An example is retirement plans, which often offer tax advantages to incentivize savings for retirement. In the United States municipal bonds may also be exempt from certain taxes.

In countries in which the average age of the population is increasing, tax advantages may put pressure on pension plans. For example, where benefits are funded on a pay-as-you-go basis, the benefits paid to those receiving a pension come directly from the contributions (money paid) of those of working age. If the proportion of pensioners to working-age people rises, the contributions needed from working people will also rise proportionately. In the United States, the rapid onset of Baby Boomer retirement is currently causing such a problem.
Eye-spot (mimicry)

An **eye-spot** (or **ocellus**) is an eye-like marking on the body of an animal. They are found on butterflies, reptiles, felids, birds and fish.

Eye-spots may be a form of mimicry: the spot looks like the eye of a larger animal. Its function may be to draw a predator's attention away from the most vulnerable body parts; or to look like an unpleasant or dangerous animal.

In larger animals, eyespots may play a role in intraspecies communication or courtship – the best-known example is probably the eyespots on a peacock's display feathers.

There is evidence that eyespots in butterflies are anti-predator defences. Some are deimatic displays to distract, startle or scare off predators, or at least to deflect attacks away from vital body parts. Butterfly eyespots may also play a role in mate recognition and sexual selection, like the eyespots on larger organisms.
Tax deduction

A **tax deduction** is a way to reduce the amount of income that is subject to a tax. Tax deductions and tax credits both lower the amount of money a person has to pay in taxes. But they do it differently. A tax deduction is subtracted from the gross income of a taxpayer. For example, if a couple had an income of $60,000 for the year, and they had paid $10,000 in interest on their mortgage, their taxable income would be reduced to $50,000. The value of a tax deduction depends on a person's tax rate, which rises with income. A tax credit, by comparison, has the same value for all taxpayers. In the USA, there are hundreds of different tax deductions. Some are only available to taxpayers in certain income brackets. Some are available to businesses in particular industries.
Saimaa ringed seal

The **Saimaa ringed seal** (_Pusa hispida saimensis_) is a subspecies of ringed seal (_Pusa hispida_). Usually seals live in the sea, but Saimaa ringed seals live in Lake Saimaa in Finland. There are only 320 Saimaa ringed seals in the world. They are among the most endangered seals in the world.

After the last ice age was over, dry land was rising slowly. This isolated Lake Saimaa from the sea. Some seals were also isolated in Saimaa. Their successors become Saimaa ringed seals.

## Appearance

An adult Saimaa ringed seal is between  long and weighs between . Usually male seals are larger than females. Their colour is dark gray, with circular white ring patterns.

## Reproduction

Saimaa ringed seals give birth towards the end of February. They dig a nest in snow on top of lake ice. Snow nest gives shelter for young seal pups. If there is not enough snow, young seals do not survive. In 2010s, volunteers help seals by building artificial piles of snow on lake ice. Studies by the University of Eastern Finland showed the ringed seals would nest in man-made snowdrifts the same as natural snowdrifts.
LGBT rights in Alaska

**Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender** (LGBT) persons living in the U.S. state of Alaska are able to marry. A U.S. district court declared Alaska's denial of same-sex marriages unconstitutional on October 12, 2014.

## Hate crime/sexual orientation laws

State law does not address hate crimes based on gender identity or sexual orientations. Anchorage, however, does have an ordinance "to outlaw discrimination in Anchorage based on sexual orientation or gender identity". Anchorage makes up 41% of the total population of Alaska.
Regnenses

The **Regnenses**, **Regni** or **Regini** were a British Celtic people. They were ruled by a king. Their territory or kingdom was later a _civitas_ of Roman Britain. Their capital was _Noviomagus Reginorum_, known today as Chichester in modern West Sussex.

Before the Romans conquered Britain their land and capital appear to have been part of the territory of the Atrebates. Possibly they were part of a confederation of tribes. The tribe made use of hill forts more than other tribes around them. Their location in southern England would have made them a more civilized people. They would have had contact with Europe through trading exposing them to new ideas. 'Regninses', means "people of the kingdom". It is not known how they came by that name. It was recorded by the Romans but it could be a translation or a name the Romans gave them.

Their ruler was Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus. Tacitus said of him:
The theory that Cogidubnus was created _legatus_, a rank only ever given to senators, is based on reconstructing the damaged Chichester inscription. It would read as _Cogidubni regis legati Augusti in Britannia_ ("king and imperial legate in Britain"). It could also be _Cogidubni regis magni Britanniae_ ("great king of Britain").
Property tax

A **property tax** (or **millage tax**) is a levy on property that the owner is required to pay. The tax is imposed by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. The tax may be paid to a national, state, provincial, county, regional, or municipality governmant. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property.  This is in contrast to a rent or mortgage tax, which is based on a percentage of the rent or mortgage value.

There are four broad types of property: land, immovable property, personal property  and intellectual property. Real property (also called real estate or realty) means the combination of land and improvements. Under a property tax system, the government requires and/or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property. A tax is assessed based on that value. Forms of property tax used vary among countries and jurisdictions. Real property is often taxed based on its classification. Classification is the grouping of properties based on similar use.

Properties in different classes are taxed at different rates. Examples of different classes of property are residential, commercial, industrial and vacant real property.  In Israel, for example, property tax rates are double for vacant apartments versus occupied apartments. In the Canadian province of British Columbia a speculation tax  on residential properties has been introduced in 2019.

A special assessment tax is sometimes confused with property tax. These are two distinct forms of taxation: one _(Ad valorem_ tax) relies upon the appraised fair market value of the property being taxed. The other (special assessment) relies upon a special enhancement called a "benefit" for its justification.

The _property tax rate_ is often given as a percentage. It may also be expressed as a per mille (amount of tax per thousand currency units of property value), which is also known as a _millage rate_ or _mill_ (which is also one-thousandth of a currency unit). To calculate the property tax, the authority will multiply the assessed value of the property by the mill rate. Then they will divide by 1,000. For example, a property with an assessed value of $50,000 located in a municipality with a mill rate of 20 mills would have a property tax bill of $1,000 per year.
Rusty Jones

**Isham Russell "Rusty" Jones II** (April 13, 1942 – December 9, 2015), better known as **Rusty Jones**, was an American jazz drummer. He was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, but was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Jones was known for performing with Marian McPartland and Stéphane Grappelli.

Jones died in Chicago, Illinois from cancer, aged 73.
John Trudell

**John Trudell** (February 15, 1946 – December 8, 2015) was a Native American author, poet, actor, musician, and political activist. He was the spokesperson for the United Indians of All Tribes' takeover of Alcatraz beginning in 1969. He was partners with Marcheline Bertrand, Angelina Jolie's mother, until her death in 2007. During most of the 1970s, he served as the chairman of the American Indian Movement. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska.

In 2015, Trudell died of cancer at age 69 in Santa Clara County, California.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Other websites

- Official John Trudell website
Ron Bouchard

**Ron Bouchard** (November 23, 1948December 10, 2015) was an American NASCAR driver. He was the 1981 NASCAR Winston Cup Rookie of the Year. He was born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Bouchard began his NASCAR career in 1981 in the #47 J.D. Stacy Buick for owner Jack Beebe (Race Hill Farm team). In 1982 Bouchard finished a career-high eighth in the final points standing with 15 Top 10 finishes in 30 races. He ran full-time in 1983, 1984, and 1985.

Bouchard died of cancer in Fitchburg, Massachusetts at the age of 67.

## Other websites

- Ron's Biography
Murder of Laquan McDonald

The **shooting of Laquan McDonald** occurred on October 20, 2014, in Chicago, Illinois, when McDonald—a 17-year-old black male armed with a knife—was shot 16 times by Chicago Police Officer Jason Van Dyke.

As a result, mayor Rahm Emanuel fired Chicago police superintendent Garry McCarthy on December 1, 2015. Few days later, Emanuel apologized for the shooting, but since then, Emanuel has received criticisms and negative comments towards him and his administration.

Video of the shooting, captured on one police cruiser's dashboard camera, was released to the public on November 24, 2015, over 13 months after the shooting. Van Dyke was charged with first-degree murder within hours after the video's release. After turning himself in to authorities, he was initially ordered held without bail at Cook County Jail,  but released on November 30  after posting bail.

On November 25, Senator and presidential candidate Bernie Sanders released a statement sending condolences to McDonald's family and criticizing the Emanuel administration and the Chicago's police force.

There have been numerous protests denouncing Laquan McDonald's death. In November 27, a major day for shopping in the U.S., a group of protesters chanted "sixteen shots" and other slogans while marching on Michigan Avenue, the city's central shopping district. This caused some businesses to shut their doors and the police closed Michigan Avenue, a six-lane street.

The FBI opened an investigation into McDonald's death, and the city of Chicago approved a five-million dollar settlement in April 2015, although no lawsuit was filed. The police had originally claimed that McDonald had lunged at an officer. However, video footage contradicts that claim; McDonald made no lunges.

On October 5, 2018, Van Dyke was found guilty of second-degree murder, as well as 16 counts of aggravated battery with a firearm.

## Other websites

- External video dashcam footage
- Coban, manufacturer of dashboard cameras  used by the Chicago Police
Dolph Schayes

**Adolph "Dolph" Schayes** (May 19, 1928 – December 10, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and coach in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was a top scorer and rebounder, he was a 12-time NBA All-Star and a 12-time All-NBA selection. Schayes won an NBA championship with the Syracuse Nationals in 1955.

He was named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History and inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. He played for the Philadelphia 76ers from 1948 through 1964. He coached the Philadelphia 76ers from 1963 through 1966 and the Buffalo Braves from 1970 through 1972. He was born in The Bronx, New York City.

Schayes died in Syracuse, New York from cancer, aged 87.

## Other websites

- Dolph Schayes biography at NBA Encyclopedia
SS Daniel J. Morrell

**SS _Daniel J. Morrell**_ was an American Great Lakes ore carrier. It was 603 feet long. The ship usually carried iron ore. The _Morrell_ sank during a severe storm on November 29, 1966. The ship broke in two before sinking.

Twenty-eight of the _Morrell_'s 29 crewmen died during the sinking. Only one crewman survived.
Jon Landau

**Jon Landau** (July 23, 1960 – July 5, 2024) was an American movie producer. He is best known for his work with James Cameron: _Titanic_ (1997), _Solaris_ (2002) and _Avatar_ (2009). He also produced _Campus Man_ (1987), _Honey, I Shrunk The Kids_ (1989), _Dick Tracy_ (1990), _Alita: Battle Angel_ (2018) and _Avatar: The Way of Water_ (2022).

Landau was born in New York City, New York. He was the son of Edie, a producer, and Ely A. Landau, a studio executive and producer. He was Jewish.

Landau died at the age of 63 on July 5, 2024 in Los Angeles, California from cancer.
Mikael Agricola

**Mikael Agricola** ( ) (c. 1510 – 9 April 1557) was a priest who is often called the "father of written Finnish".  In addition, Agricola, Aleksis Kivi and Elias Lönnrot are regarded fathers of a national literature in Finnish.

In his time, Finland was part of Sweden, a Catholic country. He learned the ideas of the Reformation, and thought everyone should be able to read the Bible. To help people in Finland to learn to read, Agricola published a ABC book and a prayer book in Finnish around year 1544. He also translated large sections of the Bible into Finnish.

## Other websites

- Agricola, Mikael (1510 - 1557) Finnish Dictionary of National Biography online.
- The Finnish Reformer was a student of Luther – and Finland's educator

## Infobox (writer)

- **image**: Mikael Agricola by Albert Edelfelt.jpg
- **imagesize**: 170px
- **caption**: Mikael Agricola
- **birth place**: Torsby, Pernå, Nylandia, Uusimaa (Nyland), Finland
- **death place**: Kyrönniemi
- **resting place**: Viipuri
- **occupation**: priest, bishop, diplomat
TOP 09

**TOP 09** is a political party in the Czech Republic. It is a right-wing, conservative party. The chairman of the party is former finance minister Miroslav Kalousek and the honorary chairman is former foreign minister Karel Schwarzenberg. TOP 09 have 14 members in the Chamber of Deputies and 4 members in the European parliament. The party's policies are based on conservatism and pro-Europeanism.

## Other websites

- Official website
Miroslav Kalousek

**Miroslav Kalousek** (born 16 December 1960) is a Czech politician, former Finance minister, leader of TOP 09 party, and member of Chamber of Deputies.
Avon, Indiana

**Avon** is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 21,474.
Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic

The **Chamber of Deputies of Parliament of the Czech Republic** () is the lower house of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. It has 200 members. They are elected by the people. They serve for 4 years. The current parliament was elected in 2021.

## Political groups

This is the current composition of the Chamber of Deputies since the 2021 parliamentary election:
|Party|Ideology|Position|Leader|Seats|Status|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|ANO 2011||Right-wing to far-right|Andrej Babiš|||
|Civic Democratic Party (ODS)||Centre-right to right-wing|Petr Fiala||<small> (as part of Spolu)|
|Mayors and Independents (STAN)||Centre to centre-right|Vít Rakušan|||
|KDU-ČSL||Centre to centre-right|Marek Výborný||<small> (as part of Spolu)|
|Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD)||Far-right|Tomio Okamura|||
|TOP 09||Centre-right|Markéta Pekarová Adamová||<small> (as part of Spolu)|
|Czech Pirate Party||Centre to centre-left|Zdeněk Hřib|||
Phillips curve

The **Phillips Curve** shows the relationship between unemployment and wage inflation in an economy. It shows that as unemployment goes down, wages go up. It was discovered by British economist William Phillips. He studied wage inflation and unemployment in the United Kingdom from 1861 to 1957. The theory states that economic growth causes inflation. This causes more jobs to become available which lowers unemployment. In the 1970s high levels of inflation and unemployment were occurring at the same time. This disproved the theory, at least in the long run. Many economists feel that the Phillips curve still has value in the short run where there is still a tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.

## Related pages

- Microeconomics
- Economy
- Monetary policy
Momoko Kōchi

**Momoko Kōchi** (born **Momoko Okouchi** March 7, 1932 - November 5, 1998) was a Japanese actress. She is best known for her roles in the original  _Godzilla_, playing the character of Emiko Yamane. Kōchi later played the same role in _Godzilla vs. Destoroyah_ in 1995. She starred in _The Mysterians_, playing Hiroko Iwamoto.

Kōchi was discovered in 1953 in Toho's New Face Contest. By the late 1950s she found herself typecast into science fiction and horror movies. She decided to pursue formal acting. In the 1960s she was on stage doing Shakespeare. She also did occasional television commercials. She didn't act in movies again until 1995. Kōchi died at age 66 in Tokyo Japan on November 5, 1998 from intestinal cancer.

## Selected filmography

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1954|_Godzilla_|Emiko Yamane||
|1955|_Half Human_|Machiko Takeno||
|1957||Ikuko Asō||
|_The Mysterians_|Hiroko Iwamoto|||
|1958|aka _The Princess of Badger Palace_|||
|1995|_Godzilla vs. Destoroyah_|Emiko Yamane||

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Momoko Kōchi
- **image**: Momoko_Kochi_540105_Scan10006.JPG
- **caption**: Momoko Kōchi in 1954
- **birthname**: Momoko Ōkōchi
- **birth place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **death place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **othername**: Momoko Hisamatsu
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1953-1998
- **spouse**: Sadataka Hisamatsu (1961-1998)
European perch

The **European perch** (_Perca fluviatilis_), also known as the **common perch**, **redfin perch**, **big-scaled redfin**, **English perch**, **Eurasian perch**, **Eurasian river perch**, **Hatch**, or in Anglophone parts of Europe, simply the **perch**, is a kind of predatory freshwater fish. It belongs in the genus _Perca_ and lives in Europe and Siberia. It is typically less than 25 cm long. It has greenish basic colour with 5-9 black bands, and red fins.

European perch lives in fresh water (water which contains no salt or very little salt) and can be found in lakes, rivers, ponds and areas where sea water mixes with river water such as the Baltic Sea.

European perch eats small animals in the water, such as insects, worms and small fish. It is most hungry early in the morning and late in the evening. European perch tastes good and fishermen like to catch it.

According to a study in February 2025, European perch is a highly fecund, trophic generalist that can live in a wide range of habitats and withstand a wide range of physico-chemical conditions.

European perch closely resembles the American yellow perch. Because of their similar appearance and possible ability to cross-breed, yellow perch is sometimes classified as a subspecies of the European perch, in which case its trinomial name would be ***Perca fluviatilis flavescens***.

## Description

European perch are greenish with red pelvic, anal and caudal fins. They have five to eight dark vertical bars on their sides. When the perch grows larger, a hump grows between its head and dorsal fin.

## Distribution and habitat

The European perch lives in slow-flowing rivers, deep lakes and ponds. It tends to avoid cold or fast-flowing waters but some specimens penetrate waters of these type, although they do not breed in this habitat.

### Outside Europe

European perch has been widely introduced, with reported adverse ecological impact after introduction. In Australia, the species is implicated in the decline of the now-endangered native fish, the Macquarie perch.

## Related pages

- Yellow perch – a similar and related perch species
- List of fish common names

## Other websites

- European Perch at iNaturalist
- Redfin Perch – Perca fluviatilis
Jiří Paďour

**Jiří Paďour** (4 April 1943 – 11 December 2015) was a Czech Auxiliary Bishop in the Archdiocese of Prague from 1996 to 2001, and the Bishop of České Budějovice from 2002–2014. Pad'our was born in Vraclav, Czechoslovakia.

On 1 March 2014, Pope Francis accepted Paďour's resignation for health reasons. Pad'our died in Prachatice, Czech Republic at the age of 72.
Douglas Tompkins

**Douglas Rainsford "Doug" Tompkins** (March 20, 1943 – December 8, 2015) was an American conservationist, outdoorsman, philanthropist, filmmaker, agriculturalist, and businessman. He was born in Conneaut, Ohio. He co-founded and ran two companies: the outdoor equipment and clothing company The North Face and the Esprit clothing company.

On December 8, 2015, Tompkins was kayaking with five others on General Carrera Lake in southern Chile when strong waves caused their kayaks to capsize. Tompkins spent a "considerable amount of time" in waters under . He was flown via helicopter to a hospital in nearby Coyhaique, where he died from severe hypothermia. He was 72 years old and was survived by his wife, two daughters, mother and brother.

## Other websites

- Tompkins Conservation
- Spanish Language BBC interview
- _Rebel With A Cause – Doug Tompkins' quest to save the wilderness_ (film by DreamTeam medienproduktion, arte, WDR, NDR, 2010)