juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Enderby, British Columbia

**Enderby** is a city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Northern Okanagan regional district.

The population of Enderby was 3,028 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of Enderby is Huck Galbraith. The city of Enderby had many previous names including Fortune's Landing by European settlers. It changed to Lambly's Landing after Thomas and Robert Lambly built a freight warehouse north of Fortune's farm. The government of British Columbia renamed the town Belvidere later. Many residents of the town decided to reject this name and still referred to he town as either Lambly's or Steamboat Landing. People in the town's literary gathering decided on the title of the poem "The Brides of Enderby" by English poet Jean Ingelow for the name.

The area is known for being a popular hiking, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling destination, especially with the Enderby Cliffs Provincial Park which is a British Columbia Provincial Park.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: City of Enderby
- **motto**: City of Totem pole, Totems
- **image skyline**: Enderby, BC (5509577763).jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: An aerial view of Enderby
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map**: British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin label**: Enderby
- **pushpin label position**: top
- **pushpin map caption**: Where Enderby is located in British Columbia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of Canada#British Columbia, Region
- **subdivision name2**: Okanagan
Shuswap Country, Shuswap
- **subdivision type3**: Regional districts of British Columbia, Regional district
- **subdivision name3**: North Okanagan Regional District, British Columbia, North Okanagan
- **leader name**: Enderby City Council
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Huck Galbraith
- **leader title2**: Current members of the Canadian House of Commons, MP
- **leader name2**: Mel Arnold
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLA
- **leader name3**: David Williams (Canadian politician), David Williams
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1866
- **established title2**: Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1905
- **area total km2**: 4.26
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 3,028
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Standard Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 360
- **postal code type**: Postal code span
- **postal code**: V0E 1V0
- **area code**: Area code 250, 250, Area code 778, 778, Area code 236, 236, Area code 672, 672
- **website**: [https://cityofenderby.com/ City of Duncan website]
Magnesium fluoride

**Magnesium fluoride** is an ionic compound made of magnesium and fluoride ions. The chemical formula is . The molar mass is around 62.3018 g/mol. The melting point of magnesium fluoride is around 1263 °C. It occurs naturally in the rare mineral known as sellaite.

## Preparation

The most common way of making magnesium fluoride uses a source of hydrogen fluoride and a basic magnesium compound like magnesium oxide or magnesium carbonate.

Because hydrogen fluoride gas is very dangerous, people often use solid bifluoride salts like ammonium bifluoride.

Magnesium fluoride is also made as a byproduct when magnesium metal is used to reduce fluorides of other metals. For example, the production of uranium metal from uranium tetrafluoride:

## Related pages

- Magnesium chloride
- Sodium fluoride
Mavic Chijioke Okeugo

Mavic Chijioke Okeugo is a Nigerian fine art photographer and visual artist. His work has been exhibited internationally in London, Lagos, Kampala, and Accra. He is the authour of the book "The Art of Photography: Seeing, Feeling, and Creating Beyond the Frame."

Some of his notable solo exhibitions include "Where Light Learns Our Faces" at The African Centre in London (2026), "Ųmų Anya (Children of the Eye)" at Rele Gallery (2021), "Tears on Lens" in Kampala (2023), and "Uzo Anya" (2024).

## Infobox (infobox)

- **name**: Mavic Chijioke Okeugo
- **image**:
- **alt**: Mavic Chijioke Okeugo
- **caption**: Mavic Chijioke Okeugo
- **birth place**: Nigeria
- **known for**: Fine Art Photographer
PissedConsumer

**PissedConsumer** is an American platform for consumer reviews. People use it to share problems and bad experiences with companies and products. Businesses can also reply to reviews and explain their side.

## Background

The platform was started in 2006 by Michael Podolsky. It was made to help customers talk openly about poor service, unfair treatment, or bad products.

## Public activity

In 2023, the website started the Ukraine Support Project. The project shares information about companies that continued working in Russia after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It helps people decide which companies they want to support.

In the same year, PissedConsumer appeared on the Inc. 5000 list of fast-growing private companies in the United States.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: PissedConsumer
- **type**: Private company
- **industry**: consumer review platform
- **founded**: 2006
- **founder**: Michael Podolsky
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **services**: Online reviews
- **location**: Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
Imabari Shipbuilding

**Imabari Shipbuilding** is a Japanese company that builds ships. It is the largest shipbuilder in Japan. The company is owned by the Higaki family. They have many shipyards in places like Shikoku, Honshu, and Kyushu.

In 2020, Imabari built about 30% of all ships made in Japan. It built about 6.6% of all ships made in the world.

## History

- 1901: Tameji Higaki started the company.
- 1942: Many small shipyards near Imabari were joined together to make the current company.
- 1956: The company built its first steel ship, named the _Fuji Maru_.
- 2017: The company built the _MOL Truth_. At the time, it was the largest container ship in the world. It could carry 20,000 containers.
- 2021: Imabari joined with Japan Marine United to create a new company called Nihon Shipyard. Imabari owns 51% of this new company.

## Shipyards

The company has many locations where they build and fix ships:

- Imabari: The main office and a shipyard in Ehime Prefecture.
- Saijo: A large shipyard that builds very big ships.
- Marugame: A headquarters and shipyard on Shikoku island.
- Hiroshima: A shipyard that joined the company in 2014.

## Other websites

- Official website in English

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Imabari Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.
- **native name**: 今治造船株式会社
- **native name lang**: ja
- **logo**: ImabariShipbuilding-Dockyard.JPG
- **type**: Private
- **industry**: Shipbuilding
- **founded**: 1901
- **founder**: Tameji Higaki
- **headquarters**: Imabari, Ehime Prefecture
- **location country**: Japan
- **key people**: Yukito Higaki (President)
- **revenue**: €2.9 billion (2020)
- **net income**: €89.8 million (2020)
Video Collection International

**Video Collection International** (**VCI**) was a UK-based home video company, founded in 1984 as The Video Collection.

## History

Originally part of Prestwich Group, based in New Southgate, London, it was the subject of a management takeover led by Steve Ayres as chief executive and Paddy Toomey (formerly Woolworths) as managing director. The vision for _Sell Through Video_ was born with the powerful company Woolworths leading retail sales. After becoming an independent company in 1985, The Video Collection became the largest home video distributor in the UK. It also had two European divisions: Vídeo Colección, SA in Spain, Vidéo Collection France in France, as well as Strand VCI Entertainment (renamed Strand Home Video in 1992) in North America (sold in 1994 to The Handleman Company). The Video Collection was commonly in partnership with British television channels ITV and Channel 4, and distributed many of their titles from their franchises, such as _Thomas & Friends_. The Video Collection also managed the budget label Cinema Club. Due to financial difficulties in 1995 it was renamed to VCI. In 1999 the company was sold to the Kingfisher group. Kingfisher split the company into Woolworths Group in July 2001. In 2004 it merged with 2 Entertain, along with BBC Video, which is why VCI closed in 2005.

## Other websites

- Official site
The Sisters Grimm

**The Sisters Grimm** is a series of nine fantasy books for children. They were written by Michael Buckley. The stories follow two sisters, Sabrina and Daphne Grimm. They discover they are related to the famous Brothers Grimm.

In October 2025, an animated TV show based on the books was released on Apple TV+.

## Summary

After their parents disappear, Sabrina and Daphne Grimm go to live with their grandmother, Relda Grimm. They move to a town called Ferryport Landing.

The sisters learn that the fairy tales written by the Brothers Grimm were actually true stories. The magical characters from those stories are called "Everafters." The Grimm family's job is to be detectives and keep the peace between humans and Everafters. While solving mysteries, the sisters also try to find their missing parents and stop an evil group called the Scarlet Hand.

## Books in the series

1. **The Fairy-tale Detectives** (2005): The sisters move to Ferryport Landing and learn about their family secret.
1. **The Unusual Suspects** (2005): The girls go to school and have to solve a murder mystery involving fairy tale characters.
1. **The Problem Child** (2006): The sisters fight the Scarlet Hand and try to save their parents.
1. **Once Upon a Crime** (2007): The family goes to New York City to solve a mystery about the King of the Fairies.
1. **Magic and Other Misdemeanors** (2007): Someone is stealing magic items from the town.
1. **Tales from the Hood** (2008): The sisters try to save their friend, Mr. Canis, during a trial.
1. **The Everafter War** (2009): A war starts between the humans and the Everafters.
1. **The Inside Story** (2010): The girls enter a magic book where all the fairy tales are kept.
1. **The Council of Mirrors** (2012): The final battle against the leader of the Scarlet Hand.

## Characters

- **Sabrina Grimm:** The older sister. At first, she does not like magic or Ferryport Landing.
- **Daphne Grimm:** The younger sister. She loves magic and is very friendly.
- **Granny Relda:** The girls' kind grandmother who teaches them how to be detectives.
- **Puck:** A fairy boy who lives with the family. He is a prankster but helps the sisters.
- **Mr. Canis:** An old friend of Granny Relda who is actually the Big Bad Wolf.

## Infobox (book series)

- **name**: The Sisters Grimm
- **books**: * _The Fairy-tale Detectives_
* _The Unusual Suspects_
* _The Problem Child_
* _Once Upon a Crime_
* _Magic and Other Misdemeanors_
* _Tales from the Hood_
* _The Everafter War_
* _The Inside Story_
* _The Council of Mirrors_
- **author**: Michael Buckley (author), Michael Buckley
- **illustrator**: Peter Ferguson
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **genre**: Fantasy, Mystery
- **publisher**: Abrams Books
- **pub date**: 2005–2012
Williamson ether synthesis

The **Williamson ether synthesis** is a chemical reaction important to organic chemistry. The reaction makes an ether from an organohalide and an alkoxide. It is named after its discoverer, Alexander Williamson. Williamson's accidental discovery of the ether synthesis helped people understand the structure of ethers and alcohols.

The Williamson synthesis is the main way that chemists make unsymmetrical ethers, which can't be made by dehydration of alcohols.

## Reaction

The Williamson ether synthesis is an example of an S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction. The alkoxide is made _in situ_ using an alcohol and a strong base like sodium hydride. The alkoxide then acts as a nucleophile that attacks the electrophilic carbon atom of the halide. Due to steric effects, the Williamson synthesis is normally done with a bigger alkoxide and smaller halide.

## History

Alexander Williamson discovered the Williamson ether synthesis accidentally when trying to make heavier alcohols from ethanol (as potassium ethoxide) and ethyl iodide. Instead of the expected butanol, the reaction produced diethyl ether:

Before Williamson, chemists had two different theories about the relationship between alcohols and ethers. It was well known that ether could be made by dehydration of alcohols using sulfuric acid, and that diethyl ether had the chemical formula , but chemists could not agree on whether alcohols were a reaction product of ether and water (which would give ethanol a formula of ) or ethers were a reaction product from the elimination of water from two molecules of alcohol (which would give ethanol a formula of ). Because Williamson's reaction made ether from an alkoxide without giving off any other chemicals with oxygen, it showed that alcohols can't have more oxygen than ethers.
The Castle of Tangled Magic

***The Castle of Tangled Magic*** is a fantasy book for children. It was written by Sophie Anderson and published in 2020. The story is based on Slavic folklore.

## Story

Olia is a 13-year-old girl who lives in **Castle Mila**. The castle is a strange wooden building that is 500 years old. When a magic storm threatens to destroy her home, Olia discovers that the castle is full of hidden magic.

To save her family, she must go to the **Land of Forbidden Magic**. She travels with a friend named Feliks, who is a fox-like spirit called a domovoi. To fix the magic, Olia must find an evil wizard and cut off his beard.

## Reception

The book received mostly good reviews from critics:

- **Publishers Weekly** praised the magic in the story and the themes about family.
- **The School Librarian** called it a great story about growing up and defeating self-doubt.
- **Kirkus Reviews** liked the character of Olia, but they thought some parts of the world were not explained well enough.

## Awards

Several news groups named this one of the best books of 2020, including _The Times_ and _Waterstones_. It was also chosen as a top book for talented young readers in 2021.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Castle of Tangled Magic
- **author**: Sophie Anderson (author), Sophie Anderson
- **illustrator**: Saara Soderlund
- **publisher**: Usborne Publishing
- **pub date**: October 1, 2020
- **genre**: Fantasy, Children's literature
- **isbn**: 9781474978491
Adenomera bokermanni

**Bokermann's tropical bullfrog** or **Bokermann's potter frog** (_Adenomera bokermanni_) is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Home

This frog lives in Atlantic forests and in Cerrado places. People have seen it on the dead leaves on the ground in forests that have never been cut down and forests that are growing back. Scientists have seen it between  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in protected places.

## Young

The tadpoles swim in ponds and pools that dry up for part of the year.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not some danger of dying out. In some places, it may be in some danger when humans change the places where the frogs live by cutting down trees and making farms and tree farms.
Jannik Sinner

**Jannik Sinner** (born August 16, 2001) is an Italian professional tennis player. He won his first Grand Slam in 2024 at the Australian Open. He reached the World No. 1 ranking for the first time in June 2024.

Sinner won the 2024 US Open, the 2025 Australian Open, and the 2025 Wimbledon Championships. Sinner's top rival is Carlos Alcaraz of Spain. Sinner or Alcaraz won every Grand Slam tournament in 2024 and 2025.

## Infobox (tennis biography)

- **country**: (2018–present)
- **residence**: Monte Carlo, Monaco
- **birth place**: Innichen, Italy
- **turnedpro**: 2018
- **coach**: Simone Vagnozzi, Darren Cahill
- **plays**: Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
- **australianopenresult**: **W** (2024 Australian Open – Men's Singles, 2024, 2025 Australian Open – Men's Singles, 2025)
- **frenchopenresult**: **F** (2025 French Open – Men's Singles, 2025)
- **wimbledonresult**: **W** (2025 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles, 2025)
- **usopenresult**: **W** (2024 US Open – Men's Singles, 2024)
Carlos Alcaraz

**Carlos Alcaraz** (born May 5, 2005) is an Spanish professional tennis player. He won his first Grand Slam in 2022 at the US Open. He reached the World No. 1 ranking for the first time in September 2022.

Alcaraz won the 2024 and 2025 French Open, the 2023 and 2024 Wimbledon Championships, the 2025 US Open, and the 2026 Australian Open. Alcaraz's top rival is Italian Jannik Sinner. Sinner or Alcaraz won every Grand Slam tournament in 2024 and 2025.

## Infobox (tennis biography)

- **country**: (2018–present)
- **residence**: Villena, Spain
- **birth place**: Murcia, Spain
- **turnedpro**: 2018
- **coach**: Samuel Lopez
- **plays**: Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
- **australianopenresult**: **W** (2026 Australian Open – Men's Singles, 2026)
- **frenchopenresult**: **W** (2024 French Open – Men's Singles, 2024, 2025 French Open – Men's Singles, 2025)
- **wimbledonresult**: **W** (2023 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles, 2023, 2024 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles, 2024)
- **usopenresult**: **W** (2022 US Open – Men's Singles, 2022, 2025 US Open – Men's Singles, 2025)
Philippe Morillon

**Philippe Morillon** ( (24 October 1935 – 29 January 2026) was a French general and politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament until 2009. He was elected on the Union for French Democracy ticket with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group. On 23 July 2004 he was elected Chair of the Committee on Fisheries.

Morillon died on 29 January 2026 in Saumur, France at the age of 90.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Philippe Morillon
- **image**: Morillon MEP 1995.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 1999
- **birth place**: Casablanca, French Morocco
- **death place**: Saumur, France
- **nationality**: France, French
- **education**: École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (1956)
Supelec (1964)
French Army Staff College (1974)
- **employer**: FORPRONU
- **occupation**: France, French general
Member of the European Parliament
Barmer district

**Barmer** is a district in Rajasthan, India. It is one of the biggest districts in Rajasthan. It is also the poorest district of Rajasthan.
João Canijo

**João Canijo** (10 December 1957 – 29 January 2026) was a Portuguese movie director. He was known for his movie _Get a Life_, which premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival. His 2011 movie _Blood of My Blood_ was selected as the Portuguese candidate for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards.

His 2023 movie _Bad Living_ won the Silver Bear Jury Prize at the 73rd Berlin International Film Festival.

Canijo died on 29 January 2026 in Vila Viçosa, Portugal from a heart attack at the age of 68.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: João Canijo
- **image**: MKr25870 João Canijo (Mal Viver, Berlinale 2023).jpg
- **caption**: Canijo in 2023
- **birth place**: Porto, Portugal
- **death place**: Vila Viçosa, Portugal
- **occupation**: Movie director, screenwriter
- **years active**: 1984–2026
Kota, Rajasthan

**Kota** is a city in Rajasthan. It is Rajasthan's third largest city. Over 1,500,000 people live there. The city has no traffic lights.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Kota
- **native name**: _Koṭā_ (Hindi)
- **settlement type**: Metropolis
- **nickname**: Coaching capital of India
- **pushpin map**: India Rajasthan#India
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Rajasthan
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name2**: Kota district, Kota
- **subdivision type3**: Divisions of Rajasthan, Division
- **subdivision name3**: Kota Division (Hadoti Region)
- **established date**: 1631
- **named for**: Kotia Bhil
- **government type**: Municipal corporation (India), Municipal Corporation
- **governing body**: <div>
*Kota Municipal Corporation </div>
- **leader title**: Mayor (India), Mayor
- **leader title2**: Municipal commissioner (India), Municipal Commissioner
- **leader name2**: Anurag Bhargav, Rajasthan Administrative Service, RAS
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 527
- **elevation m**: 271
- **population total**: 1,001,694
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population rank**: List of most populous cities in India, 46th
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Hindi language, Hindi, English language, English
- **demographics1 title2**: Native
- **demographics1 info2**: Rajasthani language, Rajasthani, Harauti language, Harauti
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **postal code type**: Postal Index Number, PIN
- **postal code**: 324001 to 324011 and 324022
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 0744
- **registration plate**: RJ-20
- **blank1 name sec1**: Human sex ratio, Sex ratio
- **blank1 info sec1**: 895 female, ♀/male, ♂
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:IN, RJ-IN
Odessa A'zion

**Odessa Zion Segall Adlon** ( ; born June 17, 2000), known professionally as **Odessa A'zion** ( ), is an American actress. She is known for her television roles in the CBS series _Fam_ (2019), the Netflix series _Grand Army_ (2020) and the HBO series _I Love LA_ (2025). She is also known for her movie role as Rachel Mizler in _Marty Supreme_ (2025). For this role, she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award and a BAFTA Award.

A'zion was born in Sacramento, California. She grew up in Los Angeles and also spent parts of her childhood in Boston, Massachusetts and Neufahrn, Germany. His parents are actress Pamela Adlon and German director Felix Adlon. Her sister Gideon Adlon is also an actress.

## Other websites

- Odessa A'zion on Instagram
- Odessa A’zion on TikTok

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Odessa A'zion
- **image**: Odessa A'zion by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: A'zion in 2025
- **birth name**: Odessa Zion Segall Adlon
- **birth place**: Sacramento, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 2011−present
- **mother**: Pamela Adlon
- **father**: Felix Adlon
- **relatives**: Gideon Adlon (sister)
Percy Adlon (paternal grandfather)
Lorenz Adlon (great-great-great-grandfather)
Gideon Adlon

**Gideon Don Adlon** ( ; born March 30, 1997) is an American actress. She is known for her movie roles in _Blockers_ (2018), _The Mustang_ (2019), _The Craft: Legacy_ (2020), _Sick_ (2022) and _Miller's Girl_ (2024). She is also known for her television roles in the Netflix series _The Society_ (2019) and the NBC series _The Thing About Pam_ (2022).

Adlon was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the oldest daughter of actress Pamela Adlon and director . Her younger sisters are actress Odessa A'zion and Valentine "Rocky" Adlon.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gideon Adlon
- **image**: Gideon Adlon at SXSW Red Carpet premiere of BLOCKERS (39852909235) (cropped2).jpg
- **caption**: Adlon at the 2018 SXSW
- **birth name**: Gideon Don Adlon
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2011−present
- **mother**: Pamela Adlon
- **relatives**: Odessa A'zion (sister)
Percy Adlon (paternal grandfather)
Lorenz Adlon (great-great-great-grandfather)
Trần Văn Nhung

**Trần Văn Nhung** (1933 – 10 October 2020), also known as **Pierre**, was a Vietnamese footballer. He played for South Vietnam at the 1956 and 1960 AFC Asian Cups. After the 1954 Geneva Conference, he was invited to play in France, but decided not to. He was nicknamed "The Divine Horse" because of his speed.

Trần Văn Nhung died on 10 October 2020, at the age of 87.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Trần Văn Nhung
- **fullname**: Trần Văn Nhung
- **birth date**: 1933
- **birth place**: Hóc Môn district, Hóc Môn, French Cochinchina
- **death date**: 10 October 2020 (aged 87)
- **death place**: Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **clubs1**: Cercle Sportif Saïgonnais
- **years2**: –1974
- **clubs2**: Association de la Jeunesse sportive
- **nationalyears1**: 1950–1964
- **nationalteam1**: South Vietnam national football team, South Vietnam
- **nationalcaps1**: 8+
- **nationalgoals1**: 4+
Ammonium bifluoride

**Ammonium bifluoride** is a chemical compound. It is the ammonium salt of the bifluoride anion. It is made by adding hydrogen fluoride to ammonium fluoride. Like other bifluorides, ammonium bifluoride is used as a source of hydrogen fluoride in the chemical industry.
1919 Green Bay Packers season

The **1919 Green Bay Packers season** was the inaugural season of the Green Bay Packers, an independent professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The team was founded and coached by Curly Lambeau and sponsored by the Indian Packing Company, from which the team derived its name.

The Packers played as an independent team during the 1919 season, prior to joining the American Professional Football Association (later renamed the National Football League) in 1921. The team compiled a strong record and quickly established itself as a competitive regional football club.

## Background

Curly Lambeau, a former player at the University of Notre Dame, organized the Packers in August 1919. He secured financial backing from the Indian Packing Company in exchange for naming the team after the business. The team consisted primarily of local and regional players, many of whom worked blue-collar jobs during the week.

## Season summary

The Packers played a schedule made up of other independent teams from Wisconsin and surrounding states. Home games were played at Hagemeister Park, located in downtown Green Bay. The team developed an early fan base and drew strong local support throughout the season.

Although there was no formal league championship for independent teams, the Packers finished the season with a winning record and laid the foundation for the franchise’s later success.

## Players

The 1919 roster consisted mainly of local athletes. Several players went on to become early contributors during the Packers’ first NFL seasons.

## Legacy

The 1919 season marked the beginning of what would become one of the most successful franchises in professional football history. The Packers’ early stability and community support were key factors in their acceptance into the APFA in 1921.

## Related pages

- Green Bay Packers
- History of the Green Bay Packers

## Infobox (nfl season)

- **team**: Green Bay Packers
- **year**: 1919
- **record**: 10–1
- **league place**: Independent
- **coach**: Curly Lambeau
- **owner**: Indian Packing Company
- **stadium**: Hagemeister Park
1921 Green Bay Packers season

The **1921 Green Bay Packers season** was the franchise’s third season overall and its first as a member of the American Professional Football Association (APFA), the league that would later be renamed the National Football League (NFL). The team was based in Green Bay, Wisconsin and was coached by founder Curly Lambeau.

The Packers were admitted to the APFA in August 1921 after posting a $50 franchise fee. Competing against more established professional teams, Green Bay finished the season with a winning record and demonstrated that the small-market club could compete at the professional level.

## Background

After two successful independent seasons, Curly Lambeau applied for league membership in the APFA. Financial backing again came from the Indian Packing Company, which continued to sponsor the team. Joining the APFA marked a major step toward long-term stability for the franchise.

The Packers played their home games at Hagemeister Park, which featured temporary seating and drew large local crowds despite Green Bay’s small population.

## Season summary

The Packers played a limited APFA schedule in 1921, facing teams from larger cities such as Chicago and Minneapolis. League standings during the early APFA era were informal, and champions were determined by vote rather than a fixed playoff system.

Green Bay finished with a record of 3–2–1, placing among the stronger teams in the league. The season helped establish the Packers as a legitimate professional organization and set the stage for their continued participation in the league.

## Players

The roster consisted largely of local and regional players, many of whom balanced football with full-time employment. Curly Lambeau played multiple roles, including coach, organizer, and occasional player.

## League standing

The Packers were one of several teams competing for recognition during the APFA’s formative years. Although no official playoff system existed, Green Bay’s performance compared favorably with other league members.

## Legacy

The 1921 season marked the Packers’ entry into what would become the NFL. Despite financial challenges and small-market limitations, the team’s survival during the league’s early years contributed directly to its long-term success and historic status.

## Related pages

- 1921 APFA season
- Green Bay Packers
- History of the Green Bay Packers

## Infobox (nfl season)

- **team**: Green Bay Packers
- **year**: 1921
- **record**: 3–2–1
- **league place**: 3rd (APFA)
- **coach**: Curly Lambeau
- **owner**: Indian Packing Company
- **stadium**: Hagemeister Park
NFC North

The **NFC North** is one of the four divisions of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The division currently consists of four teams: the Chicago Bears, Detroit Lions, Green Bay Packers, and Minnesota Vikings.

The NFC North was originally established in 1970 as the **NFC Central** following the AFL–NFL merger. The division was renamed the NFC North in 2002 as part of the NFL’s realignment, which reorganized the league into eight divisions.

## History

When the NFL merged with the American Football League in 1970, the league created the NFC Central Division. The original members were the Chicago Bears, Detroit Lions, Green Bay Packers, and Minnesota Vikings. These four teams have remained together continuously, making the NFC North one of the most stable divisions in professional sports.

In 2002, the NFL realigned its divisions to accommodate the expansion Houston Texans. As part of the realignment, the NFC Central was renamed the NFC North, while the Tampa Bay Buccaneers moved to the NFC South.

## Teams

|Team|Location|Joined division|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Chicago Bears|Chicago, Illinois|1970|
|Detroit Lions|Detroit, Michigan|1970|
|Green Bay Packers|Green Bay, Wisconsin|1970|
|Minnesota Vikings|Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota|1970|

## Division championships

Since its formation in 1970, the NFC North (including its time as the NFC Central) has produced numerous division champions. The Green Bay Packers have won the most division titles.

## Super Bowl appearances

Teams from the NFC North have appeared in multiple Super Bowls and have won several championships, including Super Bowl titles by the Green Bay Packers and Chicago Bears.

## Rivalries

The NFC North is known for some of the oldest and most intense rivalries in the NFL. The rivalry between the Chicago Bears and Green Bay Packers is the longest-running rivalry in league history. Other notable rivalries include Packers–Vikings and Bears–Lions.

## Related pages

- National Football Conference
- NFL divisions
- History of the National Football League
Schema.org

**Schema.org** is a website with rules for marking up web pages with structured data. It helps website owners add information to their pages in a common way. Search engines like Google, Bing, and Yahoo! can then read this information and understand what the page is about.

It is part of the Semantic Web project. When websites add code using Schema.org, search engines can show the information in rich results. Rich results are special boxes that appear in search results.

## History

Schema.org started on June 2, 2011. Google, Bing, and Yahoo! made it together. They wanted websites to give information in the same way so search engines could understand it better.

Yandex, a search engine from Russia, joined in November 2011.

Before Schema.org, there were other systems for marking up web pages. Schema.org brought the big search engines together to use one common system.

Use of Schema.org was still low in 2016. A study that year found that only 17 percent of websites in the United States were using it. By 2024, more than 45 million websites used Schema.org.

## Function

Websites add special code to their pages using Schema.org. This code tells search engines what is on the page. The code does not show on the page. Only search engines read it.

For example, a website might add code that says: "This page is a Recipe. The recipe is for Chocolate Cake. It takes 30 minutes to make. It serves 8 people." When someone searches for "Chocolate Cake Recipe," the search engine reads this code and can show the recipe in a box.

## Schema types

Schema.org has many types of markup for different kinds of things. As of February 2025, there are over 800 types. Examples include:

- Article
- Book
- Event
- FAQ
- LocalBusiness
- Movie
- Product
- Recipe
- Review
- Video

## Rich results

Rich results show information in search results. When a person searches for a recipe, they can see the cooking time and what is needed without going to the website first.

Pages that use Schema.org the right way may appear higher in search results.

## Testing tools

Some companies have free tools to check Schema.org code:

- Google Rich Results Test Tool
- Schema.org Markup Validator
- Yandex Microformat Validator
- Bing Markup Validator

## Example

Below is an example of Schema.org code for a movie:

## Infobox (technology standard)

- **image**: Schema.org-Logo.svg
- **title**: Schema.org
- **organization**: Google, Bing (search engine), Bing, Yahoo!, Yandex
- **base standards**: HTML5
- **related standards**: JSON
- **abbreviation**: schema
- **domain**: Semantic Web
- **license**: CC-BY-SA 3.0
Mark Murphy (American football executive)

**Mark Murphy** (born July 22, 1955) is an American former professional American football player and sports executive. He played eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL) as a safety for the Washington Redskins. After retiring from football, Murphy transitioned into sports administration and has served as the president and chief executive officer of the Green Bay Packers since 2008.

## Early life and college

Murphy was born in Fulton, New York, and attended Fulton High School. He played college football at Colgate University, where he was a standout defensive player. Despite his success at the collegiate level, Murphy was not selected in the 1977 NFL Draft.

## Professional football career

Murphy signed with the Washington Redskins as an undrafted free agent in 1977. He spent his entire NFL playing career with the franchise, appearing in 103 games over eight seasons.

His best season came in 1983, when he earned selection to the Pro Bowl and was named a second-team All-Pro. Murphy was known for his intelligence, leadership, and versatility in the defensive backfield. He retired from professional football following the 1984 season.

## Executive career

After his playing career, Murphy pursued a career in sports management. He served in leadership roles at Colgate University, the United States Olympic Committee, and the Green Bay Packers.

In 2008, Murphy was named president and chief executive officer of the Green Bay Packers. In this role, he oversees the team’s business operations and represents the publicly owned franchise at the league level. During his tenure, the Packers won Super Bowl XLV following the 2010 season.

## Personal life

Murphy has been involved in numerous civic and charitable initiatives, particularly in the Green Bay area. He is known for advocating community engagement and maintaining the Packers’ tradition of public ownership.

## Related pages

- Green Bay Packers
- Washington Redskins
- List of Green Bay Packers presidents

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Mark Murphy
- **birth place**: Fulton, New York, U.S.
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 184
- **high school**: Fulton High School (New York), Fulton (Fulton, New York)
- **college**: Colgate Raiders football, Colgate
- **position**: Safety (gridiron football), Safety
- **undraftedyear**: 1977
- **pastteams**: * Washington Redskins (1977–1984)
- **highlights**: * Pro Bowl (1983 Pro Bowl, 1983)
* Second-team All-Pro (1983)
Brian Gutekunst

**Brian Gutekunst** (born June 16, 1973) is an American football executive who is the general manager of the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He joined the Packers’ front office in 1999 and was promoted to general manager in 2018 following the departure of Ted Thompson.

## Early life and education

Gutekunst was born in Massillon, Ohio and attended Massillon Washington High School, a school with a storied football tradition. He played college football at University of Wisconsin–La Crosse as a linebacker and earned his degree in physical education.

### Green Bay Packers

Gutekunst joined the Packers in 1999 as a player personnel assistant under general manager Ron Wolf. Over the next two decades, he held several front office positions, including director of football operations and director of player personnel. He was part of the organization during the Packers’ victory in Super Bowl XLV following the 2010 season.

On January 7, 2018, Gutekunst was promoted to general manager, succeeding Ted Thompson. As GM, he oversees the team’s roster, draft selections, and player personnel decisions. Gutekunst has managed multiple successful draft classes and free-agent signings while maintaining the Packers’ competitive status in the NFC North.

## Personal life

Gutekunst is married and has children. He resides in Green Bay, Wisconsin, and is active in local charitable initiatives and community outreach through the Packers organization.

## See also

- Green Bay Packers
- National Football League general managers
- NFC North

## Other websites

- Brian Gutekunst – Green Bay Packers official bio

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Brian Gutekunst
- **birth place**: Massillon, Ohio, U.S.
- **college**: Wisconsin–La Crosse
- **position**: Executive
- **current team**: Green Bay Packers
- **highlights**: * Super Bowl champion (XLV) – as front office executive
Matt LaFleur

**Matt LaFleur** (born November 3, 1979) is an American football coach who is the head coach of the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). LaFleur became the Packers’ head coach in 2019 and has led the team to multiple playoff appearances and division titles.

## Early life and education

LaFleur was born in Mount Pleasant, Michigan and attended Saginaw Valley State University, where he played quarterback for the Cardinals. After college, he began his coaching career as a graduate assistant and offensive assistant at various collegiate programs.

### Early coaching career

LaFleur spent several years coaching in the college football ranks and the NFL as an assistant. He held positions with the Oakland Raiders, Washington Redskins, Green Bay Packers, Los Angeles Rams, and Tennessee Titans as a quarterbacks coach or offensive coordinator before being hired as a head coach.

### Green Bay Packers

LaFleur was hired as the Packers’ head coach on January 8, 2019. In his first season, he guided the team to a 13–3 record, winning the NFC North division and earning a first-round bye in the playoffs. LaFleur was named NFC Coach of the Year for his success.

Under his leadership, the Packers have consistently competed for playoff berths and have maintained one of the league’s most potent offenses. He works closely with quarterback Aaron Rodgers and has emphasized an aggressive, pass-oriented offensive strategy.

## Personal life

LaFleur is married and has children. He is known for his family-oriented approach and involvement in community programs through the Packers organization.

## See also

- Green Bay Packers
- List of National Football League head coaches
- NFC North

## Other websites

- Matt LaFleur – Green Bay Packers official bio

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **name**: Matt LaFleur
- **birth place**: Mount Pleasant, Michigan, U.S.
- **college**: Saginaw Valley State University
- **position**: Head coach
- **current team**: Green Bay Packers
- **highlights**: * 2× NFC North division champion (2019, 2020)
* NFC Coach of the Year (2019)
History of the National Football League championship

The **National Football League (NFL) championship** refers to the annual title awarded to the team that wins the league’s championship game. The history of the NFL championship is divided into two main eras: the pre-Super Bowl era (1920–1969) and the Super Bowl era (1970–present).

## Pre-Super Bowl era (1920–1969)

The NFL was founded in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association (APFA) and renamed the National Football League in 1922. From its inception through 1932, the NFL championship was awarded to the team with the best regular-season record. No playoff games were held, and ties in standings were sometimes resolved using winning percentage or team votes.

In 1933, the NFL split into two divisions, the Eastern and Western Divisions. The winners of each division met in the NFL Championship Game to determine the league champion. This system continued until 1966. During this era, several teams became dynasties, including the Green Bay Packers under Vince Lombardi and the Chicago Bears.

## Super Bowl era (1970–present)

In 1966, the NFL agreed to merge with the American Football League (AFL). The first Super Bowl was played following the 1966 season between the NFL champion and the AFL champion. The merger was completed in 1970, creating the modern NFL structure with the National Football Conference (NFC) and American Football Conference (AFC).

Since the merger, the NFL champion has been the winner of the Super Bowl. Teams must win their respective conference championship to advance to the Super Bowl. The Super Bowl era has seen dynasties such as the New England Patriots, Pittsburgh Steelers, and San Francisco 49ers.

## Championship records

- The Green Bay Packers have the most total NFL championships, including pre-Super Bowl titles.
- Several teams, including the New England Patriots and Pittsburgh Steelers, have multiple Super Bowl victories in the modern era.
- Some franchises, like the Arizona Cardinals and Detroit Lions, have long gaps between championships.

## Evolution of the championship

The format and determination of the NFL champion have changed over time:

- 1920–1932: Best regular-season record
- 1933–1965: NFL Championship Game between division winners
- 1966–1969: NFL champion played AFL champion in Super Bowl
- 1970–present: Conference champions meet in the Super Bowl

## See also

- National Football League
- Super Bowl
- List of NFL champions
- History of the National Football League
1967 Green Bay Packers season

The **1967 Green Bay Packers season** was the franchise’s 49th overall season and their 47th in the National Football League. Coached by Vince Lombardi, the Packers finished the regular season with a 9–4–1 record, winning the NFL Western Conference and earning a spot in the NFL Championship Game.

The Packers defeated the Dallas Cowboys 21–17 in the NFL Championship Game, earning their second consecutive NFL title. They then faced the Oakland Raiders in Super Bowl II and won 33–14, securing back-to-back Super Bowl championships.

## Offseason

Following their 1966 NFL Championship and Super Bowl I victory, Green Bay retained most of its core roster. Key players included Bart Starr, Jim Taylor, Paul Hornung, and Ray Nitschke. The team focused on maintaining a balanced offense and disciplined defense under Lombardi’s leadership.

## Regular season

The Packers faced a competitive NFL Western Conference and finished with a 9–4–1 record. Despite a slower start compared to 1966, the team’s experience and leadership allowed them to win critical games and clinch the division.

### Schedule

|Week|Date|Opponent|Result|Score|Location|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|September 17|Los Angeles Rams|L|24–27|Lambeau Field|
|2|September 24|Chicago Bears|W|27–7|Lambeau Field|
|3|October 1|Detroit Lions|W|24–7|Lambeau Field|
|4|October 8|Minnesota Vikings|W|24–14|Metropolitan Stadium|
|5|October 15|Baltimore Colts|L|21–34|Memorial Stadium|
|6|October 22|San Francisco 49ers|W|30–14|Lambeau Field|
|7|October 29|Los Angeles Rams|W|34–14|Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum|
|8|November 5|Chicago Bears|W|27–7|Soldier Field|
|9|November 12|Detroit Lions|L|17–20|Tiger Stadium|
|10|November 19|Minnesota Vikings|W|27–24|Lambeau Field|
|11|November 26|Baltimore Colts|L|21–24|Lambeau Field|
|12|December 3|San Francisco 49ers|T|24–24|Kezzar Stadium|
|13|December 10|New York Giants|W|27–20|Lambeau Field|
|14|December 17|Dallas Cowboys|W|21–17|Lambeau Field|

### NFL Championship Game

The Packers faced the Dallas Cowboys in the NFL Championship Game and won 21–17. Bart Starr led a strong offensive performance, and the team’s defense held the Cowboys in critical moments.

### Super Bowl II

Green Bay represented the NFL in Super Bowl II against the Oakland Raiders of the AFL. The Packers won 33–14, becoming the first team to win consecutive Super Bowl titles.

## Roster

Key players included:
- QB Bart Starr
- HB Jim Taylor
- FB Paul Hornung
- LB Ray Nitschke
- WR Boyd Dowler

## Legacy

The 1967 season cemented the Packers’ status as the dominant NFL team of the 1960s. Vince Lombardi’s coaching and the team’s execution on both sides of the ball helped secure consecutive NFL and Super Bowl championships, establishing a standard of excellence that became synonymous with the Packers.

## Related pages

- Green Bay Packers
- Super Bowl II
- Vince Lombardi

## Infobox (nfl season)

- **team**: Green Bay Packers
- **year**: 1967
- **record**: 9–4–1
- **league place**: 1st NFL Western Conference
- **coach**: Vince Lombardi
- **owner**: Green Bay Packers, Inc.
- **stadium**: Lambeau Field
City Stadium (Green Bay)

**City Stadium** was a stadium located in Green Bay, Wisconsin and served as the home of the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League from 1925 to 1956.

## History

The Packers had previously played at various fields, including Hagemeister Park, but needed a larger, dedicated facility. City Stadium opened in 1925 with a capacity of approximately 25,000 spectators. It was financed in part by the city of Green Bay and local supporters to provide a permanent home for the team.

The stadium featured wooden bleachers and a natural grass playing surface. It hosted both home games and practices for the Packers and became a central gathering place for football fans in the city.

## Tenants

- Green Bay Packers (NFL) (1925–1956)

## Notable events

City Stadium hosted numerous significant Packers games, including early NFL championship runs. It was known for its intimate atmosphere and close proximity of fans to the field, which contributed to the team’s strong home-field advantage.

## Replacement

By the 1950s, City Stadium had become outdated and unable to accommodate the growing number of fans. The Packers and city leaders planned a replacement stadium, which led to the construction of Lambeau Field, originally known as New City Stadium, in 1957. The team played its first game there on September 29, 1957.

## Legacy

City Stadium is remembered as the birthplace of modern Green Bay Packers football and an important part of NFL history. The original stadium site is now used for other community purposes, but it remains a landmark in the team’s history.

## Related pages

- Green Bay Packers
- Lambeau Field
- List of former National Football League stadiums