juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Jōhō

was a Japanese era name (年号, _nengō_, lit. year name) after _Enkyū_ and before _Jōryaku._  This period started in August 1074 and ended in November 1077. The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Jōhō_ Era

- **1074** (_Jōhō 1, 1st month_): Minamoto no Takakune retired from court; and he wrote a book about the history of Japan.

- **7 March 1074** (_Jōhō 1, 7th day of the 2nd month_): Fujiwara Yorimichi died at the age of 83; and Yorimichi's sister, the widow of Emperor Ichijo, died at the age of 87.

- **October 25, 1074** (_Jōhō 1, 3rd day of the 10th month_): Empress Jōtō-mon In died at the age of 87.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Jōhō|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1074|1075|1076|1077|
Leave It to Beaver

***Leave It to Beaver*** is an American television sitcom series. It first aired from October 4, 1957 to June 20, 1963.  The series stars Jerry Mathers as "Beaver"; Tony Dow as his older brother Wally; Barbara Billingsley as his mother June Cleaver; and Hugh Beaumont as his father Ward Cleaver.

Semi-regulars include Ken Osmond as Wally's friend Eddie Haskell; Frank Bank as Wally's other friend Lumpy; Burt Mustin as Gus the fireman; Sue Randall as Beaver's teacher Miss Landers; Rusty Stevens as Beaver's friend Larry Mondello; and Jerry Weil as Beaver's mean little schoolmate Judy Hensler.

The series is about Beaver's adventures at home, in school, and around his neighborhood. Writers Bob Mosher and Joe Connelly based Beaver's adventures on the exploits of their own children.  In most episodes, Beaver would get into trouble. His parents would speak to him and explain what he had done wrong. They would hope that he had learned a lesson.

Various critics and television viewers adored the series, with _Variety_ comparing the series to _Tom Sawyer_. Websites like Time and Bravo placed the series at the top of their "best of television" lists. In 1999, _TV Guide_ ranked Eddie Haskell number 20 on its "50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time" list. In 1997, a movie based on _Leave It to Beaver_ opened in theaters, of the same name.
Plan 9 from Outer Space

***Plan 9 from Outer Space*** (1959) is a science fiction movie.  It was written and directed by Ed Wood and shot in 1957.  It stars Gregory Walcott, Mona McKinnon, Lyle Talbot, Tor Johnson, Maila Nurmi (Vampira), and Criswell. Some footage of Bela Lugosi as the "Old Man" was edited into the movie after Lugosi's death.

The movie is about aliens who want to stop humans from creating a weapon that will destroy the universe. To do this, the aliens put their "Plan 9" in operation. This is a scheme to bring Earth's dead back to life. This plan will get Earth's attention and chaos will follow.

For years, the movie was aired on television without much notice. In 1980 authors Michael Medved and Harry Medved called _Plan 9 from Outer Space_ the "worst movie ever made". They posthumously awarded their Golden Turkey Award to Wood as the worst director ever.

### Earthlings

- Gregory Walcott as Jeff Trent, an airline pilot
- Mona McKinnon as Paula Trent, Jeff's wife
- Lyle Talbot as General Roberts
- Duke Moore as Lt. John Harper
- Tom Keene as Col. Tom Edwards
- Tor Johnson as Insp. Dan Clay
- Carl Anthony as Patrolman Larry
- Paul Marco as Patrolman Kelton
- Conrad Brooks as Patrolman Jamie

### Aliens

- Dudley Manlove as Eros, an alien
- Joanna Lee as Tanna, an alien
- John Breckinridge as The Ruler, an alien

### Ghouls

- Bela Lugosi as Old Man / Ghoul Man
- Maila Nurmi (Vampira) as Old Man's wife / Vampire Girl
- Criswell as Himself / Narrator

## Other websites

- The Second Supper Cult Classics Review
- _Plan 9 from Outer Space_ at YouTube

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Plan 9 from Outer Space
- **image**: Plan_9_Alternative_poster.jpg
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster design by Tom Jung
- **director**: Ed Wood
- **producer**: Ed Wood
Hugh Thomas, Jr.
Charles Burg
J. Edward Reynolds
- **writer**: Ed Wood
- **narrator**: The Amazing Criswell, Criswell
- **starring**: Gregory Walcott
Mona McKinnon
Tom Keene
Tor Johnson
Dudley Manlove
Joanna Lee
Bunny Breckinridge, John Breckinridge
Maila Nurmi (Vampira)
Bela Lugosi
- **music**: Gordon Zahler
- **cinematography**: William C. Thompson
- **editing**: Ed Wood
- **distributor**: Distributors Corporation of America (as Valiant Pictures)
- **released**: July 22, 1959
- **runtime**: 79 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Alannah Myles

**Alannah Myles** (born December 25, 1955, Toronto) is a Canadian singer, songwriter and producer. She began her career as an actress. Myles began singing professionally around 1979 but was rejected by all record labels in Canada. After recording 3 masters and a video of "Just One Kiss" with Christopher Ward and David Tyson for her first album, she was immediately signed to an 8 album international contract by the head of A&R, Tunc Erim. Her first album was released on April 6, 1989. The first two singles released at the same time in Canada. They were "Love Is" and "Black Velvet". "Love Is" was released in the mainly English speaking west. It went to number one in the charts. "Black Velvet" was released in Quebec and went to number one on French Canadian radio. "Black Velvet" was released internationally in 1990. It reached number one in many places. It stayed at number one for two weeks in the United Kingdom. "Black Velvet" was a hit song released in the United States on Jan 9, 1990 as a single. This made Myles eligible for a Grammy Award. She won the award in 1991 for "Best Rock Vocal Performance-Female".
Henry IV, Pt. 1

***Henry IV, Part 1*** is a play by William Shakespeare. It was likely written no later than 1597. Shakespeare probably read Holinshed's _Chronicles_ for background. The play was first printed in quarto in 1598 by Andrew Wise. The play was Shakespeare's most popular printed text. It is the second of Shakespeare's three plays about the reigns of Richard II, Henry IV (two plays), and Henry V. It has always been a popular play with audiences and with critics. Sir John Falstaff is one of Shakespeare's greatest and most popular characters.

## Other websites

- _King Henry IV Part 1_ Audio and Text
- _The First Part of Henry the Fourth_  A modern version of unspecified provenance.
- Henry the Fourth part 1  – Project Gutenberg's transcription from the First Folio.
Portland Winterhawks

The **Portland Winterhawks** are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1976. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Portland, Oregon at both the Memorial Coliseum and Rose Garden arenas. They have won 2 Memorial Cups in 1982 and 1997. They have also won 2 President's Cups in 1981 and 1997. They were originally known as the **Portland Winter Hawks** until May 2009 when they took out the space.

## Other websites

- Official website
Bal du moulin de la Galette

***Bal du moulin de la Galette*** () (1876) is a painting by Pierre-Auguste Renoir. It is in the Musée d'Orsay in Paris. The painting depicts a typical Sunday afternoon at Moulin de la Galette in the district of Montmartre. In the late 19th century, working class Parisians would dress up and spend time there dancing, drinking, and eating galettes into the evening. _Bal du moulin de la Galette_ is a typical Impressionist snapshot of real life. It shows a richness of form, a fluidity of brush stroke, and a flickering light. The French painter Gustave Caillebotte owned the painting for about 20 years. When he died it became the property of the French Republic. From 1896 to 1929 the painting hung in the Musée du Luxembourg. From 1929 it hung in the Musée du Louvre. It was sent to the Musée d'Orsay in 1986. Renoir painted a smaller version of the picture with the same title. This painting is in a private collection. For many years it was owned by John Hay Whitney. On May 17, 1990, his widow sold it for US$78 million at Sotheby's in New York City. It was one of the most expensive artworks ever sold.

## Other websites

- Top Ten Most Expensive Paintings Sold At Auction
- Details, Musée d'Orsay
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

The **Federal University of Rio de Janeiro** (, **UFRJ**) is the largest federal university of Brazil. It has a central campus in the city of Rio de Janeiro and two smaller ones. It was established in 1792 as a military college, and became a university in 1920. It is one the country's most prestigious universities.

The Federal University owns several hospitals and several museums including the National Museum of Brazil.

## Other websites

- UFRJ Official website
Bride of Frankenstein

***Bride of Frankenstein*** (sometimes ***The Bride of Frankenstein***) is a 1935 Universal Pictures science fiction horror movie. It is a sequel to Universal's _Frankenstein_ (1931). _Bride_ was directed by James Whale. It stars Boris Karloff, Elsa Lanchester, Colin Clive and Ernest Thesiger.

The movie is based on a subplot in the book _Frankenstein_ by Mary Shelley. It picks up where the movie _Frankenstein_ leaves off.  In _Bride_, Henry Frankenstein drops his work in the laboratory. The Monster wants a mate. He forces Henry to create one.

Preparations for making _Bride_ began shortly after _Frankenstein_ opened in theaters.  Photography started in January 1935. Many of the actors and crew from _Frankenstein_ returned for _Bride_. Critics and audiences loved the movie, but the censors found fault.

Today, the movie is considered Whale's masterpiece. The director and others involved in the production were homosexuals. Some viewers detect a gay sensibility in the movie. Some of Whale's associates have dismissed the idea.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Bride of Frankenstein
- **image**: Frankenstein's monster (Boris Karloff).jpg
- **caption**: Karloff as The Monster
- **director**: James Whale
- **producer**: Carl Laemmle, Jr.
- **writer**: **Screenplay:**
William Hurlbut
**Adaptation:**
William Hurlbut
John L. Balderston
- **starring**: Boris Karloff
- **music**: Franz Waxman
- **cinematography**: John J. Mescall
- **editing**: Ted Kent
- **studio**: Universal Pictures
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
- **released**: April 22, 1935 (Los Angeles)
May 10, 1935 (New York City)
- **runtime**: 75 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $397,000
Matilda (1996 movie)

***Matilda*** is a fictional movie directed by Danny DeVito, based on the classic novel Matilda by Roald Dahl. It was first released July 28, 1996 by TriStar Pictures. Starring Mara Wilson, Danny DeVito, Rhea Perlman, Embeth Davidtz, and Pam Ferris, it features the 7-year-old Matilda, a brilliant girl with extraordinary powers that uses them to fight back against her abusive parents, rebel and overthrow the tyrannical headmistress of her school, and save her kindhearted teacher from poverty.
Switching Channels

***Switching Channels*** is a 1988 comedy starring Kathleen Turner, Burt Reynolds and Christopher Reeve. This movie got mixed reviews and was a commercial failure when it came out. This movie was like _The Front Page_, which was remade as _His Girl Friday_. This was released in March of 1988.

The movie got mixed reviews from the critics.

The movie was nominated for two Golden Raspberry Awards: Burt Reynolds for Worst Actor and Christopher Reeve for Worst Supporting Actor.
Jōryaku

was a Japanese era name (年号, _nengō_, lit. year name) after _Jōhō_ and before _Eihō._  This period started in November 1077 and ended in February 1081.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Jōryaku_ Era

- **1077** (_Jōryaku 1, 1st month_): Shirakawa  went to the Kamo Shrines.  Also, he visited Kiyomizu-dera and other Buddhist temples.
- **1077** (_Jōryaku 1, 2nd month_): Minamoto no Morofusa died at the age of 70.  He had held the office of Minister of the Right (_udaijin_).
- **1077** (_Jōryaku 1_): The emperor caused Hosshō-ji (dedicated to the "Superiority of Buddhist Law") to be built at Shirakawa.
- **1079** (_Jōryaku 3, 10th month_): The emperor visited the Fushimi Inari-taisha at the foot of Mount Fushimi; and he went to the Yasaka Shrine.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Jōryaku|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1077|1078|1079|1080|1081|
Eihō

was a  after _Jōryaku_ and before _Ōtoku._  This period started in February 1081 and ended in April 1084.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Eihō_ Era

- **26 May 1081** (_Eihō 1, 15th day of the 4th month_):  The Buddhist Temple of Miidera was set on fire by the monks of a rival sect.

- **12 July 1081** (_Eihō 1, 4th day of the 6th month_): Miidera was burned again by monks from Mt. Hiei.

- **1083** (_Eihō 3, 10th month_): At Hosshō-ji, construction begins on a nine-story pagoda.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Eihō|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1081|1082|1083|1084|
Ōtoku

was a  after _Eihō_ and before _Kanji._  This period spanned the years from February 1084 through April 1087.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Ōtoku_ Era

- **1084** (_Ōtoku 1, 9th month_): The emperor's principal consort, died; and Shirakawa's grief overwhelmed him.

- **1084** (_Ōtoku 3, 9th month_): Shirakawa announced his intention to abdicate in favor of his son.

- **3 January 1084** (_Ōtoku 3, 26th day of the 11th month_): Shirakawa abdicated, and he took the title _Daijō-tennō._  The succession (_senso_) was received by a his son. Soon after, Emperor Horikawa accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (_sokui_).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Ōtoku|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1084|1085|1086|1087|
Kanji (era)

was a  after _Ōtoku_ and before _Kahō._  This period started in April 1087 and ended in December 1094. The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Kanji_ era

- **1087** (_Kanji 1, 5th month_):  Former emperor Shirakawa retired to Uji.

- **1088** (_Kanji 2, 1st month_): Emperor Horikawa visited his father's home in Uji.

- **1088** (_Kanji 2, 10th month_): Shirakawa visited the temples at Mt. Hiei.

- **28 January 1088** (_Kanji 2, 14th day of the 12th month_): Fujiwara Morozane was given the title of _daijō-daijin_.

- **1089** (_Kanji 3, 5th month_): Shirakawa again visits Mt. Hiei; and this time, he stayed seven days.

- **1090** (_Kanji 4, 12th month_):  Morozane was named _kampaku._

- **March 26, 1094** (_Kanji 8, 8th day of the 3rd month_):  Morozane resigned from his role as _kampaku._

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Kanji|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|7th|8th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1087|1088|1089|1090|1091|1092|1093|1094|
Terry Crews

**Terrence Alan Crews** (born July 30, 1968) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice artist, and comedian. He is known for appearing in _Everybody Hates Chris_, _The Expendables_, _White Chicks_, _The 6th Day_, _Norbit_, _Brooklyn Nine-Nine_, and other movies and television series. He is a retired NFL player. Crews is from Flint, Michigan. Crews was the host of _Who Wants to be a Millionaire_ on September 2014 until May 2015 due to his busy schedule. He was replaced by Chris Harrison in September 2015. He also had a background role in the 2001 movie Training Day with Denzel Washington  and Ethan Hawk.

## Early life and education

Terrence Alan Crews grew up in a strict Christian household in Flint. His mother raised him, because his father was an alcoholic. His great aunt gave him a flute, so Terrence took lessons for eight years. He played football at Western Michigan University (WMU) in Kalamazoo, Michigan.

## Other websites

- Official website
- BET Shows - The Family Crews Website
- Squeegee Lo Website
- NFL stats at Databasefootball.com
- Terry Crews reality show - The Family Crews

## Infobox (nfl biography)

- **embed**: yes
- **number**: 51, 90, 94
- **position**: Defensive end / Linebacker
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lbs**: 245
- **high school**: Flint Southwestern Academy
(Flint, Michigan)
- **draftyear**: 1991
- **draftround**: 11
- **draftpick**: 281
- **college**: Western Michigan Broncos football, Western Michigan
- **pastteams**: * Los Angeles Rams (1991 NFL season, 1991)
* San Diego Chargers (1993 NFL season, 1993)
* Rhein Fire (1995 WLAF season, 1995)
* Washington Redskins (1995 NFL season, 1995)
* Philadelphia Eagles (1996 NFL season, 1996)*
- **pastteamsnote**: yes
- **statlabel1**: Games played
- **statvalue1**: 32
- **statlabel2**: Tackles
- **statvalue2**: 57
- **statlabel3**: Assists
- **statvalue3**: 38
- **nfl**: CRE773365
- **pfr**: C/CrewTe20


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Terry Crews
- **image**: Terry Crews by Gage Skidmore 5.jpg
- **caption**: Crews in July 2017
- **birth name**: Terrence Alan Crews
- **birth place**: Flint, Michigan, U.S.
- **years active**: 1991–1997 (football)
1999–present (acting)
- **known for**: _Everybody Hates Chris_
_Brooklyn Nine-Nine_
- **children**: 5
Galette

A **galette** is a term used in French cuisine for various types of flat, round or freeform crusty cakes.

One notable type is the _galette des Rois_ ('King cake') eaten on the day of Epiphany. In Quebec, the term _galette_ is usually applied to pastries best described as large cookies.

Galette is also the name given in most French _crêperies_ to savoury buckwheat flour pancakes. Those made from wheat flour, much smaller in size and mostly served with a sweet filling, are called crêpes.
Kahō

was a  after _Kanji_ and before _Eichō._  This period started in December 1094 and ended in December 1096. The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Kahō_ Era

- **1095** (_Kahō 2, 4th month_): Emperor Horikawa paid visits to the Iwashimizu Shrine and to the  Kamo Shrines.

- **1095** (_Kahō 2, 8th month_): The emperor was stricken with fevers; and he recovered.

- **1095** (_Kahō 2, 11th month_): The Buddhist priests of Mount Hiei ccarried a portable shrine to the central hall of Enryaku-ji.

- **26 November 1096** (_Kahō 3, 9th day of the 11th month_): Former-Emperor Shirakawa entered the Buddhist priesthood at the age of 44.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Kahō|1st|2nd|3rd|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1094|1095|1096|
New Girl

**New Girl** is an American television sitcom set in Los Angeles. It began on September 20, 2011 and is shown on Star World Comedy Central Fox. It stars Zooey Deschanel as Jess Day, a teacher who moves in with three young men she meets on the Internet after separating from her partner with whom she lived.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Sitcom
- **creator**: Elizabeth Meriwether
- **starring**: Zooey Deschanel
Jake Johnson
Max Greenfield
Lamorne Morris
Hannah Simone
- **executive producer**: Elizabeth Meriwether
Jake Kasdan
Peter Chernin
Katherine Pope
Dave Finkel
Brett Baer
- **company**: Elizabeth Meriwether Pictures
American Nitwits
Chernin Entertainment
20th Century Fox Television
- **opentheme**: "Hey Girl" by Zooey Deschanel
- **theme music composer**: Michael Andrews (musician), Michael Andrews
Zooey Deschanel
Elizabeth Meriwether
Dave Finkel
Brett Baer
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **runtime**: 22 minutes
- **network**: Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox
- **num seasons**: 7
- **num episodes**: 146
- **list episodes**: List of New Girl episodes
Oppuurs

**Oppuurs** is a small town in the Belgian province of Antwerp. It is a part of the municipality of Sint-Amands. Oppuurs has 2028 inhabitants . Oppuurs has an area of .

## History

The first mention of Oppuurs was in 1414, then called _Oppuedersel_. In the 15th century, it was owned by the family Van der Calsteren. Later, Joost Snoy became the owner. In 1664, it got the title of barony. Later, in 1777 the properties were bought by Philippe Ghislain Snoy, who therefore became baron. On the 7th of mai 1818, Idisbalda-Ghislain Snoy was appointed to mayor by the king.

Oppuurs belonged to the parish of Puurs and was separated in 1803. It was an independent municipality until 1976. Then, it became, along with Lippelo, part of the municipality of Sint-Amands.

The title of _Baron Snoy et d'Oppuers_ still exists today.

#### 19th century

|Jaar|1806|1816|1830|1846|1856|1866|1876|1880|1890|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Inwoneraantal|893|959|1023|983|959|936|1021|1039|1097|
|colspan="10" style="text-align:center; "|<small>Remark:results from population census at 31 December</small>|||||||||

#### 20th century  until 1976

|Jaar|1900|1910|1920|1930|1947|1961|1970|1976|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Inwoneraantal|1066|1164|1200|1319|1478|1596|1692|1654|
|colspan="10" style="text-align:center;"|<small>Remark:results from population census at 31 December </small>||||||||
The Blob

***The Blob*** is a 1958 American science fiction horror movie. It was directed by Irvin Yeaworth. It was produced by Jack H. Harris.  Paramount Pictures released the movie. The movie is about a giant jelly-like blob that terrorizes a small town. _The Blob_ marked Steve McQueen's movie debut. The movie's theme song, "Beware of the Blob", was written by Burt Bacharach and Mack David. It was remade in 1988.

## Cast

- Steve McQueen as Steve Andrews
- Aneta Corsaut as Jane Martin
- Hugh Graham as Mr. Andrews, Steve's father
- Elbert Smith as Henry Martin, Jane's father
- Earl Rowe as Lt. Dave
- John Benson as Sgt. Jim Bert
- Olin Howland as Old Man

## Story

Teenagers Steve and Jane are loitering in a Lover's Lane. They see an object in the night sky crash-land nearby. They investigate. It is The Blob, a jelly-like thing from Outer Space that consumes flesh. It kills an old man, a doctor, and a nurse. It doubles in size after each feeding. Steve and Jane report their findings to the police. They are dismissed as crazy teenagers. In the meantime, The Blob has consumed many others.

Steve and Jane are cornered by The Blob in the grocery store. They seek refuge in the walk-in refrigerator. The Blob tries to ooze in under the door. It retreats. Steve and Jane escape. They set off the town's fire and air-raid alarms. The Blob enters the movie theatre. The customers run away screaming.  The Blob oozes out of the theater. Jane's little brother runs into a diner. Jane and Steve follow him. They become trapped in the diner along with the owner and a waitress.

The Blob – now a huge mass – engulfs the diner. It begins to ooze in through the windows. The occupants go to the cellar. The police try to kill The Blob by dropping a power line onto it. This attempt fails. It only serves to set the diner ablaze. Inside, the diner's owner uses a CO2 fire extinguisher to try to put out the fire. This causes The Blob to recoil. The Blob cannot stand cold. The town's teenagers gather all the fire extinguishers they can find.  They use them to freeze The Blob. The United States Air Force sends in a jet to carry The Blob to the North Pole. It will remain frozen forever.
Akita (city)

is a Japanese city in Akita Prefecture on the island of Honshu.  It is the capital city of the prefecture.

## History

Akita has been one of the most important cities in the Tōhoku region since ancient times.

The Akita clan (Ando clan) held this part of northern Japan (Mutsu Province) in the 15-16th centuries.

The Satake clan built Kubota Castle in 1604.

The modern city of Akita was established on April 1, 1889.

## Geography

Akita is the largest city on the western coast of the Tōhoku region.

### Neighboring cities

- Kitaakita
- Katagami
- Yurihonjō
- Daisen
- Minami-Akita District: Gojōme, Ikawa
- Kita-Akita District: Kamikoani
- Senboku District: Nishiki

## Education

- Akita University
- Akita Prefectural University, a public university, is in the city.
- Akita International University is a public university outside of town. Classes are taught only in English.
- North Asia University
- Seirei Women's Junior College
- Akita Nutrition Junior College
- Misono Gakuen Junior College
- Open University of Japan Akita learning center

## Local foods and products

- Kiritampo – baked rice
- Sasamaki – rice wrapped in bamboo grass
- Iwagaki – a kind of oyster
- Iburi-gakko – a kind of pickle

### International sister / friendship cities

- August 5, 1982: Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
- April 8, 1984: Passau, Germany
- July 15, 1987: Malabon City, Philippines
- January 22, 1992: Kenai, Alaska, United States of America
- 1993: St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States of America (with Yūwa, Akita, which merged into Akita, Akita)
- June 29, 1992: Vladivostok, Russia

### Sister cities in Japan

- Hitachiōta, Ibaraki
- Daigo, Ibaraki

## Famous people

- Yukio Endo
- Shingo Kumabayashi

## Other websites

- http://www.city.akita.akita.jp/en/default.htm ;  
- Voting Figures in National Elections in Akita Prefecture, 1928-1942
Japanese clock

The **Japanese clock** is a device made to tell the time according to Japanese tradition.

These clocks were introduced to Japan via Jesuit missionaries in the 16th century.

In 1612, the clockmaker of Philip II of Spain created a working timepiece which became a gift for Tokugawa Ieyasu.

One of the major features of the Japanese clock is that it has a mechanism for measuring unequal temporal hours. Usual clock tells hours at same intervals, but in the Japanese traditional timekeeping practice, a day had six daytime units from sunrise to sunset and six night units from sunset to sunrise. Then the Japanese clock was designed to adapt to this practice.
Eichō

was a  after _Kahō_ and before _Jōtoku._  This period started in December 1096 and ended in November 1097.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Eichō_ Era

- **1096** (_Eichō 1_): Fujiwara no Moromichi was raised to the second rank of the first class.

- **1096** (_Eichō 1_): During the summer, a series of great dengaku dance performances took place in the streets and in open areas near the city.  The participants were drawn from the aristocracy and from the common people.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Eichō|1st|2nd|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1096|1097|
Polonaises Op. 40 (Chopin)

The **Polonaise in A major, Op. 40, No. 1** (nicknamed the "Military" Polonaise) is a piece of music for solo piano. It was composed by Frédéric Chopin.  It was published in 1838, with the Polonaise in C minor, Op. 40, No. 2. Anton Rubinstein wrote that the Polonaise in A major is the symbol of Polish glory, while the Polonaise in C minor is the symbol of Polish tragedy.

The polonaise is a Polish dance in 3/4 time. It has a distinctive rhythmic pattern which this polonaise follows unflinchingly. The A major Polonaise is written in an A-B-A form, with the B section being a "Trio". The polonaise opens with an A major chord. It continues in a vigorously masculine manner. The tempo indication is Allegro con brio (Fast, with bravura). The trio section begins in D major. The short passage following the first section of the trio is distinguished with trills for both hands on low C-sharps an octave apart. These trills suggest drum rolls.

Charles Rosen writes, "Polonaises had been written by many composers before, including Bach, Mozart, and Beethoven; Schubert, in fact, wrote lots of them. But nothing like the violence of Chopin’s military polonaises, ... The military polonaises were certainly understood as political statements of patriotism for his country, which was struggling to obtain its freedom ... these military polonaises have a decidedly popular character ..."

## Other websites

- Polonaises sheet music available at Musopen:
    - No. 1
    - No. 2
Kinderszenen

***Kinderszenen*** (original spelling _Kinderscenen_, (), Opus 15, is a set of 13 pieces for solo piano by Robert Schumann. It was published in 1838. Schumann was looking back on his childhood when composing these pieces. He had originally written 30 movements for **Scenes from Childhood**. He chose only 13 for the final set. The unused movements were published years later in _Bunte Blätter_, Opus 99, and _Albumblätter_ ().

Schumann originally titled the work _Leichte Stücke_ (). The titles for the individual pieces were only added after the music was complete. Schumann described the titles as "nothing more than delicate hints for execution and interpretation". Timothy Taylor has discussed Schumann's choice of titles for this work in the context of the changing situation of music in 19th century culture and economics. In 1974, Eric Sams noted that there is no known complete manuscript of _Kinderszenen_.

## Movements

|Title|Key|Play|Notes||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1. _Von fremden Ländern und Menschen_ Of Foreign Lands and Peoples|G major||||
|2. _Kuriose Geschichte_ A Curious Story|D major||||
|3. _Hasche-Mann_ Blind Man's Bluff|B minor||||
|4. _Bittendes Kind_ Pleading Child|D major||||
|5. _Glückes genug_ Happy Enough|D major||||
|6. _Wichtige Begebenheit_ An Important Event|A major||||
|7. _Träumerei_ Dreaming|F major||width=550px|This is one of Schumann's best known pieces; it was the title of a 1944 German biographical movie on Robert Schumann. _Träumerei_ is also the opening and closing musical theme in the 1947 Hollywood movie _Song of Love_, starring Katharine Hepburn as Clara Schumann Wieck.|
|8. _Am Kamin_ At the Fireside|F major||||
|9. _Ritter vom Steckenpferd_ Knight of the Hobbyhorse|C major||||
|10. _Fast zu ernst_ Almost Too Serious|G-sharp minor||||
|11. _Fürchtenmachen_ Frightening|E minor||||
|12. _Kind im Einschlummern_ Child Falling Asleep|E minor||||
|13. _Der Dichter spricht_ The Poet Speaks|G major||||

## Other websites

- MSN Movies page on Robert Schumann
IONIS School of Technology and Management

**IONIS School of Technology and Management** (**IONIS STM**) is a French private graduate school in information technology, computer science, energy, biotechnology and management.
It was made in 2009 and is in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre.

The school delivers 14 Master of Business Administration (MBA) recognized by French State and can teach both technical and management aspects.

## Bibliography

- _La double compétence : l’antidote à l’obsolescence professionnelle_, Ivry-sur-Seine, FYP Éditions, 2019, 192 p. (ISBN 978-2-36405-176-8)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: IONIS School of Technology and Management
- **motto**: _The school for technical and business skills_
- **president**: Valérie Pham-Truong
- **type**: Private
- **established**: 2009
- **city**: Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
- **country**: France
- **students**: 203
- **affiliations**: IONIS Education Group
- **website**: http://www.ionis-stm.com/
Jōtoku

was a  after _Eichō_ and before _Kōwa._  This period started in November 1097 and ended in August 1099.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Jōtoku_ Era

- **1097** (_Jōtoku 1, 1st month_): Minamoto no Tsunenobu died at age 82.

- **1097** (_Jōtoku 1, 4th  month_): The emperor visited the temple at Gion.

- **1097** (_Jōtoku 1, 10th  month_): The emperor visited the home of Fujiwara no Moromichi.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Jōtoku|1st|2nd|3rd|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1097|1098|1099|
Kōwa (Heian period)

was a  after _Jōtoku_ and before _Chōji._  This period started in August 1099 and ended in February 1104.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Kōwa_ Era

- **1099** (_Kōwa 1, 6th month_): Fujiwara no Moromichi died at age 38; and Moromichi's son, Fujiwara no Tadazane took over his father's role in court.

- **1100** (_Kōwa 2_): Tadazane  is given the office of Minister of the Right (_udaijin_).

- **1101** (_Kōwa 3, 2nd month_): Fujiwara no Morozane died at age 60.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Kōwa|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|6th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1099|1100|1101|1102|1103|1104|
Robert Vince

**Robert Vince** (born April 8, 1962) is a Canadian director, producer, writer and screenwriter. He is the director of the _Air Buddies_ movies and the brother of William Vince. Vince is the CEO of PeyPix Productions.
Chōji

was a  after _Kōwa_ and before _Kashō._  This period started in February 1104 and ended in April 1106.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Chōji_ era

- **1104** (_Chōji 1, 3rd month_): The emperor visited Sonshō-ji in northeastern Kyoto.

- **1105** (_Chōji 2, 6th month_): A red snow was reported in a number of Japanese provinces.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Chōji|1st|2nd|3rd|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1104|1105|1106|
Roux

***Roux***  is a cooking mixture of wheat flour and butter (or other fat). It is the basis of many types of French sauce for cooking.

Roux is the thickening agent of three of the mother sauces of classical French cuisine: _sauce béchamel_, _sauce velouté_ and _sauce espagnole_.  Clarified butter, vegetable oils, or lard are commonly used fats. It thickens gravy, other sauces, soups and stews. It is made from equal parts of flour and fat by weight.

When used in Italian cooking, roux is traditionally equal parts of butter and flour. In Cajun cuisine, roux is almost always made with oil instead of butter and is dark brown in colour. This lends much richness of flavour, but less thickening power. Hungarian cuisine uses rendered lard or vegetable oil instead of butter for the preparation of _roux_ (called _rántás_ in Hungarian).
Minute Waltz

The "**Minute Waltz**" is the nickname for the **Waltz in D flat major, Op. 64, No. 1** by Frederic Chopin. It was written in 1847. It is a piece of music for the piano. It is sometimes called "The Waltz of the Little Dog" (). This is because Chopin was watching a little dog chase its tail when he wrote it.  The little dog was "Marquis". He belonged to Chopin's friend George Sand. Marquis had befriended Chopin. The composer mentioned Marquis in several of his letters. In one letter dated 25 November 1846, Chopin wrote: "Please thank Marquis for missing me and for sniffing at my door."

The waltz was published by Breitkopf & Härtel. It was the first of three waltzes in a collection of waltzes called _Trois Valses, Op. 64_.  The publisher gave the waltz its popular nickname "Minute". The word here means small or little. The tempo marking is Molto vivace (), but Chopin did not intend the waltz to be played in one minute as some believe. A typical performance will last between one and a half to two and a half minutes.

The time signature is 3/4. The waltz is 138 measures long with one fifteen-measure repeat. The waltz is written in ternary, or ABA form. The A section is characterized by a whirling line of eighth notes and triplets over the "om-pah-pah" rhythm of the waltz. The whirling line of the A section is abandoned in the B section. This section consists of a consistent half note and quarter note pattern from bar to bar. The B section breaks off and a long trill heralds the return of the A section, which is repeated in full. The waltz ends with a descending scale.

In popular culture, Minute Waltz was used on Pretty Little Liars, The Girlfriend Experience, One Tree Hill, and Sex and the City.

## Other websites

- Minute Waltz sheet music available at Musopen.com
- Quatre Mains version for Piano Duet.
- Free recording of Minute Waltz
LGBT rights in Cyprus

**Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)** persons in Cyprus may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity are legal in Cyprus and civil unions became legal in November 2015.

In Cyprus, the socially conservative Eastern Orthodox Church has a significant influence over public opinion when it comes to LGBT-rights. However, ever since Cyprus sought membership in the European Union it has had to change its human rights legislation, including its laws regarding sexual orientation and gender identity.

## LGBT rights in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

Same-sex sexual activity is Legal within the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus since the 7th of February in 2014. Previous laws allowed three years prison sentences, according to articles 171 and 173 of its criminal code. Female homosexuality was not criminalised. Arrests for Homosexuality have occurred as recently as 2011.

The Laws were a legacy of British colonial rule, left over after the Island gained Independence in the 1960s. While the south decriminalised homosexuality in 1998 in order to accede to the European Union (EU) in 2004, the North's disputed status means it lies outside the EU's jurisdiction. On the 27th of January in 2014, the Assembly of the Republic, the Northern Cypriot Parliament, voted to abolish the criminal code provisions that outlawed Same-sex relations between men and males, becoming the last territory in do so within Europe in order to decriminalise Sexual relations between consenting, Adult men. The Bill was signed into Law, and published in the official gazette on the 7th of February in 2014. It took immediate effect upon publication.

Calls have been made by non-governmental organisations to legalise Same-sex marriage. In 2012, the Communal Democracy Party proposed a law that would have Legalised Same-sex marriages, but the Legislation was opposed by the then-ruling National Unity Party.

## Legislative summary

|Same-sex sexual activity legal|(since 1998)|
| --- | --- |
|Equal age of consent|(since 2002)|
|Anti-discrimination laws in employment only|(since 2004)|
|Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services|(since 2013)|
|Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas (incl. indirect discrimination, hate speech)|(since 2013)|
|Recognition of same-sex couples (e.g. civil unions.)|(since 2015)|
|Step-child adoption by same-sex couples|(since 2015)|
|Gays and lesbians allowed to serve openly in the military||
|Right to change legal gender||
|Access to IVF for lesbians||
|MSMs allowed to donate blood||
|Joint adoption by same-sex couples||
|Same-sex marriages||
|Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples|(banned for opposite-sex couples also)|
Tennin (era)

was a  after _Kajō_ and before _Ten'ei._  This period started in August 1108 ended in July 1110.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Tennin_ Era

- **1108** (_Tennin 1_): Minamoto no Tameyoshi became clan leader of the Seiwa Genji after the death of Minamoto no Yoshiie.

- **1108** (_Tennin 1_): Mount Asama erupts, causing widespread damage.

- **1109** (_Tennin 2, in the 1st month_): The emperor visited Iwashimizu Shrine and the Kamo Shrines.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
'

|Tennin|1st|2nd|3rd|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1108|1109|1110|
LGBT rights in Turkey

**Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender** (LGBT) people in Turkey may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Homosexuality is legal in the Republic of Turkey, but the law does not include sexual orientation or gender identity in its civil rights laws and there is no legal recognition for same-sex couples. But sexual reassignment surgery is allowed and legal sex change has been possible since 1988. On the 9th of August in 1858, the Ottoman Caliph decriminalised homosexuality. This affected many countries in the three continents of the Old World, respectively. When Turkey became a solo nation in 1920, it didn’t see a need to change this law. Omer Akpinar, who is with KAOS LG, which is one of the largest LGBT organizations in Turkish Republic, told Mashable that their organization was never censored. Jack Scott, a British writer who moved to Turkey with his partner and who is the author of _Perking the Pansies: Jack and Liam Move to Turkey_, said his  talking to the real estate company Quest Turkey.

Turkey tends to be socially conservative when it comes to such issues as homosexuality.

|Same-sex sexual activity legal|(Since 1858)|
| --- | --- |
|Equal age of consent|(Since 1858)|
|Anti-discrimination laws in employment||
|Anti-discrimination laws in the provision of goods and services||
|Anti-discrimination laws in all other areas (incl. indirect discrimination, hate speech)||
|Same-sex marriage||
|Recognition of same-sex couples||
|Recognition of adoption for single people regardless of sexual orientation|(Since 1858)|
|Step-child adoption by same-sex couples||
|Joint adoption by same-sex couples||
|Gays and lesbians allowed to serve openly in the military||
|Right to change legal gender|(Since 1988)|
|Access to IVF for lesbians||
|Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples|(Banned for all citizens)|
|MSMs allowed to donate blood|(Turkish Red Crescent does not allow blood donations from MSM)|
Piano Sonata No. 16 (Mozart)

The **Sonata No. 16 in C major**, K. 545, is a piece of music for solo piano. It was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. On 26 June 1788, he added the piece to his catalogue as "a little Piano Sonata for beginners". He may have written the piece for a pupil. If he did, that pupil is not known. In the end, the story behind the sonata is a mystery.

On 2 August 1788 Mozart wrote a letter to his sister Nannerl. She was living in Salzburg. He had sent her some pieces for the piano. He wrote, "Indeed you have every reason to be vexed with me! But will you really be so, when you receive by this mail coach my very latest compositions for the keyboard? Surely not! This, I hope, will make everything all right again." This passage might refer to the Sonata in C. But it may refer to other keyboard compositions Mozart wrote the same year.

The manuscript is lost. The piece was not published during Mozart's lifetime. It was first published in February 1805 by the Bureau des arts et d'Industrie in Vienna. It was titled "Sonate facile pour le pianoforte" (). At least three more editions were published within a short time. Breitkopf & Härtel did not include it in their Oeuvres complettes. A typical performance lasts about 14 minutes.

## Music

The first movement is written in sonata form. It is in the key of C major. The tempo marking is Allegro (Fast). The opening theme is accompanied by an Alberti bass played in the left hand. A bridge passage composed of scales follows, arriving at a cadence in G major, the key in which the second theme is then played. A codetta follows to conclude the exposition. The exposition is repeated. The development starts in G minor and modulates through several keys. The recapitulation begins in the subdominant key of F major. According to Charles Rosen, the practice of beginning a recapitulation in the subdominant was "rare at the time [the sonata] was written"..

The second movement is in the key of G major, the dominant key of C major. The music modulates to the dominant key of D major, and then back to G major in which the exposition is heard again. For the development, the music modulates to G minor, then B♭ major, then C minor, then G minor and finally back to G major, at which point the recapitulation occurs followed by a short coda.

The third movement is in rondo form. It is in the tonic key of C major. The first theme is lively. It sets the mood of the piece. The second theme is in G major. It has an Alberti bass in the left hand. The first theme appears again. A third theme is in a minor key. It modulates through different keys before returning to C major. The first theme appears again. It is followed by a coda, and the rondo ends in C major.

The finale was transcribed to F major. It was put together with a solo piano arrangement of the second movement of the violin sonata in F major. It became the Piano Sonata in F major, K. 547a.

## Other websites

- Complete score
Minuet in G (Beethoven)

The **Minuet in G**, WoO 10, No. 2 is a piece of music for the piano. It was composed by Ludwig van Beethoven. The piece  was originally written for orchestra. This version was lost. Only an arrangement for piano exists. It is a very popular piece, especially among beginning pianists.

## Music

The piece is composed in what is called ternary form or ABA form. This means that the piece has three distinct sections. The first and the third sections (the A sections) are the same. The second section (the B section) is entirely different music. The B section often provides a contrast in some way to the A section. The tempo marking for the Minuet in G is Moderato. The meter is 3/4.

The A section is composed of two 8 bar passages for a total of 16 bars. The tune is characterized by a repetitious but elegant dotted eighth note and sixteenth note legato pattern. The first 8 bars are played and repeated. This passage begins in the tonic key of G major, and modulates to the dominant key of D major. The second 8 bars are played and repeated. This passage begins in the dominant key of D major, and modulates to the tonic key of G major. The first phrase of this passage begins with 4 bars of principally quarter notes. The phrase returns to the dotted eighth note pattern at its close. Thus, the entire A section begins and ends in the tonic key with brushes on the dominant here and there. The right hand is occupied with playing mostly thirds and sixths through the A section. The left hand plays only  quarter notes.

Like the A section, the B section (or the Trio) is composed of two 8 bar passages for a total of 16 bars. Like the A section, it begins in the tonic key of G major, and modulates to the dominant key of D major at the end of the first 8 bars. This passage is repeated. The second 8 bars begin in the dominant key and end in the tonic key. These 8 bars are repeated. The entire B section is characterized by flowing, uninterrupted eighth notes in the right hand.  The left hand plays quarter notes but briefly joins the right hand in playing eighth notes at the beginning of the second 8 bar passage.  The left hand returns to playing quarter notes as the passage closes. When the B section is completed and all the repeats have been taken, the piece returns the A section. This return is usually played without performing the repeats.

## Other websites

- Minuet orchestral performance by the Philadelphia Orchestra
- Minuet free scores at IMSLP
Ten'ei

was a  after _Tennin_ and before _Eikyū._  This period started in July 1110 and ended in July 1113.  The reigning emperor was .

## Events of the _Ten'ei_ Era

- **1109** (_Ten'ei 1, in the 5th month_): Emperor Toba visited Hosho-ji where he donated a Buddhist manuscript which had been created using gold characters on blue paper.

- **1110** (_Ten'ei 1, in the 6th month_): The Miidera-ji burned down.

## Related pages

- Heian period

## Other websites

- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

|Ten'ei|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Gregorian|1110|1111|1112|1113|
Come On Over (Shania Twain album)

***Come on Over*** is an album released by country music singer Shania Twain.
It was released in 1997.
It is the biggest selling album by a female country singer.
All of the songs were written by Shania Twain and Mutt Lange.

Singles released off of the album include the title track, "That Don't Impress Me Much", "Man! I Feel Like A Woman!",
"Honey, I'm Home", "You're Still The One", "From This Moment On", "You've Got A Way", "Love Gets Me Every Time," "Don't Be Stupid!", "When", "Rock This Country!", and "I'm Holding On To Love (To Save My Life)".