Wolfgang Benz

**Wolfgang Benz** (born June 9, 1941) is a German historian and researcher in antisemitism. He was the director of the Center for Research on Antisemitism of Technische Universität Berlin between 1990 and 2011. Benz is also a member of the advisory board for the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, who participated in the memorial's design.

## Overview

He has over 200 publications. He is one of the most well-known German historians, and a leading expert on antisemitism studies. Some call him the "doyen" of antisemitism research.

### The Holocaust

Benz is known for confirming that 5.29–6.2 million Jews were killed in the Holocaust. Benz worked on data from declassified Eastern European government archives in the 1990s, contributing to the death toll's confirmation. He concluded in 1999:

### Comparison of Islamophobia to antisemitism

Benz claimed in 2010 that "anti-Semites [_sic_] of the 19th Century and some detractors of the Islam of the 21st Century work with similar methods on their concept of the enemy", warning against Islamophobia, which he saw as a "declaration of war against tolerance and democracy". He was criticized by historian Julius H. Schoeps who considered Benz's claim "dubious – if not dangerous" and by journalist Henryk M. Broder.

They said that Islamophobia – unlike antisemitism – has a real basis, e.g. terrorist acts, the way dissidents are treated in Islamic countries etc. However, educator Micha Brumlik argued that as far as social-psychological aspect is concerned, Benz was right when comparing today's Islamophobia and antisemitism of the late 19th and early 20th century. Historian Norbert Frei agreed with Brumlik.

### Opposition to Polish monument construction

Benz objected to building a monument in Berlin to honor the Polish victims of Nazi occupation (1939–45). As the director of the Center for Research on Antisemitism, Benz warned the Bundestag's president of the "danger of nationalizing memory" by building such monuments.

### Monographs

||Publications|
| --- | --- |
|* _Die Protokolle der Weisen von Zion. Die Legende von der jüdischen Weltverschwörung._ ("The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Legends about Jewish World Conspiracy")." C.H.Beck, Munich 2007,  or . * _A Concise History of the Third Reich._ University of California Press, 2007. . * _Die 101 wichtigsten Fragen. Das Dritte Reich_. ("The 101 Most Important Questions: The Third Reich") C. H. Beck. Munich 2006/2007.  new edition: . * _Ausgrenzung, Vertreibung, Völkermord. Genozid im 20. Jahrhundert_. ("Marginalization, Expulsion, Genocide in the 20th Century") Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, Munich 2006,  oder * _Potsdam 1945. Besatzungsherrschaft und Neuaufbau im Vier-Zonen-Deutschland_. (Potsdam 1945. Occupation and Reconstruction in Four-Zone-Germany.) 4th edition, dtv, Munich 2005, . * _Was ist Antisemitismus?_ ("What is Anti-Semitism?") Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb). Bonn 2004, . (Review – German) * _Bilder vom Juden. Studien zum alltäglichen Antisemitismus_. ("Images of Jews. Studies in Every-Day Anti-Semitism.") C.H. Beck, Munich 2001, (Review by Susanne Benöhr on H-Soz-Kult ) * _The Holocaust: A German Historian Examines the Genocide._ Columbia University Press, 2000, * _Encyclopedia of German Resistance to the Nazi Movement._ Continuum International Publishing Group, 1996. . * _Herrschaft und Gesellschaft im nationalsozialistischen Staat. Studien zur Struktur- und Mentalitätsgeschichte._ (Governance and Society in the Nazi State. Studies in the History of Structure and Mentality.) Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1990, .||

### As an editor

||Publications|
| --- | --- |
|* _Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Judenfeindschaft in Geschichte und Gegenwart_. (Handbook on Anti-Semitism. Anti-Judaism in Past and Present.) de Gruyter/K. G. Saur, Berlin. 5 Bände in ca. 9 Teilbänden (geplant), bisher erschienen: ** 1. Band: _Länder und Regionen_. (Countries and Regions.) 2008. ** 2. Band: _Personen. 1. A–K_ und _2. L–Z_. (Individuals.) 2009. * with Angelika Königseder: _Das Konzentrationslager Dachau. Geschichte und Wirkung nationalsozialistischer Repression_. (Dachau Concentration Camp. History and Effect of Nazi Repression.) Metropol Verlag, Berlin 2008, * _Der Hass gegen die Juden. Dimensionen und Formen des Antisemitismus_. (Hatred of Jews. Dimensions and Forms of Anti-Semitism.) Reihe Positionen, Perspektiven, Diagnosen (Band 2), Metropol Verlag, Berlin 2008,  oder * _Selbstbehauptung und Opposition. Kirche als Ort des Widerstandes gegen staatliche Diktatur_. (Self-Assertion and Opposition. Churches as Places of Resistance against State Dictatorship.) Berlin 2003, * _Überleben im Dritten Reich. Juden im Untergrund und ihre Helfer_. (Surviving the Third Reich. Jews in the Underground and Their Helpers.) 2003. (also known as Judenretter Review Tübingen e.V.) * with Angelika Königseder: _Judenfeindschaft als Paradigma_ (Anti-Judaism as Paradigm.) Studien zur Vorurteilsforschung, Berlin 2002. * _Salzgitter. Geschichte und Gegenwart einer deutschen Stadt 1942 – 1992_. (Salzgitter. Past and Present of a German Town, 1942–1992.) Munich 1992. * _Zwischen Antisemitismus und Philosemitismus. Juden in der Bundesrepublik_. (Between Anti-Semitism and Philosemitism. Jews in the Federal Republik [of Germany].) Metropol Verlag, Berlin 1991||

### As a co-editor

||Publications|
| --- | --- |
|* with Barbara Distel and Angelika Königseder (Redaktion): _Der Ort des Terrors. Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager._ (The Place of Terror. History of Nazi Concentration Camps.) 9 volumes, 2005–2009,  (Review ); Contents ) * with Hermann Graml, Hermann Weiß: _Enzyklopädie des Nationalsozialismus_. (Encyclopedia on National-Socialism.). 1997 (5th edition, Klett-Cotta und Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag (dtv), Stuttgart and Munich 2007,  bzw. * with Hermann Graml: _Aspekte deutscher Außenpolitik im 20. Jahrhundert. Aufsätze Hans Rothfels zum Gedächtnis._ (Aspects of German Foreign Policy in the 20th Century. Essays in Remembrance of Hans Rothfels.) Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1976. ** 1: _Die Organisation des Terrors._ (The Organization of Terror.) Co-editor Angelika Königseder. 2005. (2nd edition, 2005). ** 2: _ Frühe Lager. Dachau. Emslandlager._ (Early Camps. Dachau, Emslandlager.) 2005 ** 3: _Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald, mit Nebenlagern._ (Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald, and Their Satellite Camps.) ** 4: Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück. ** 5: Hinzert, Auschwitz, Neuengamme. ** 6: Natzweiler, Groß-Rosen, Stutthof. ** 7: Wewelsburg, Majdanek, Arbeitsdorf, Herzogenbusch (Vught), Bergen-Belsen, Mittelbau-Dora. 2008. ** 8: Riga. Warschau. Kaunas. Vaivara. Plaszów. Klooga. Chelmo. Belzec. Treblinka. Sobibor. 2008. ** 9: Arbeitserziehungslager, Durchgangslager, Ghettos, Polizeihaftlager, Sonderlager, Zigeunerlager, Zwangsarbeitslager. (Work Education Camps, Transit Camps, Ghettos, Police Custodial Camps. Special Camps. Gypsy Camps. Forced Labor Camps.) 2009||

## Related pages

- Dieter Pohl
- David Hirsh
- Jan Grabowski
- Shimon Redlich
- Saul Friedländer

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Wolfgang Benz
- **image**: Wolfgang Benz 2013 front.jpg
- **birth place**: Ellwangen, Free People's State of Württemberg, Nazi Germany
- **education**: Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, University of Munich, (Doctor of Philosophy, PhD, 1968)
- **occupation**: Historian, Research, researcher in antisemitism
- **known for**: The Holocaust, Holocaust studies, antisemitism studies, Germany#History, German history
- **nationality**: Germans, German
- **awards**: Geschwister-Scholl-Preis (1992)