juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Connex South Eastern

**Connex South Eastern** was a train operating company in the United Kingdom. It was owned by Connex. It ran the South Eastern franchise from October 1996 until November 2003.

On 8 November 2003, its services were stopped because of money problems and because they were using old trains.

## Services

Connex South Eastern ran train services from London Blackfriars, London Bridge, London Cannon Street, London Charing Cross and London Victoria to Hayes, Bromley North, Ramsgate, Dover Priory, Folkestone Harbour and Ore.

It also ran train services between Sittingbourne and Sheerness; Paddock Wood, Maidstone West and Strood; and Maidstone West, Redhill and Three Bridges.

## Trains

Connex South Eastern took on a large fleet of slam-door and power-door electric multiple units from Network SouthEast.

The slam-door EMUs were Class 411s, Class 421s and Class 423s.

The power-door EMUs were Class 365s, Class 465s and Class 466s.

In 1998, Connex South Eastern leased twelve Class 508s from Angel Trains to replace some of the old Class 411s.

In 2001, Connex South Eastern ordered 112 Class 375s, and 36 Class 376s.

From 4 February to 20 March 2002, a preserved Class 201 _Hastings_ unit was loaned to Connex South Eastern to run two return journeys on Monday to Fridays between Charing Cross and Hastings. this was because there was a shortage of trains.

|Class|Image|Type|Number|Carriages|Built|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|365 _Networker Express_||EMU|16|4|1994–1995||
|375 _Electrostar_||EMU|112|3 or 4|1999–2005||
|411||EMU|112|4|1956–1963||
|421||EMU|25|4|1964–1972||
|423||EMU|73|4|1967–1974||
|465 _Networker_||EMU|147|4|1991–1994||
|466 _Networker_||EMU|43|2|1993–1994||
|508||EMU|12|3|1979–1980|Transferred from Merseyrail|

## Infobox (rail company)

- **name**: Connex South Eastern
- **image**: 465020 at Waterloo East.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: British Rail Class 465, 465020 at London Waterloo East railway station, Waterloo East in January 2003
- **franchise**: South Eastern franchise, South Eastern
13 October 1996 – 8 November 2003
- **regions**: Greater London, Kent
- **secregions**: East Sussex, West Sussex, Surrey
- **fleet**: approximately 350
- **stations**: 178
- **abbr**: CX
- **parent company**: Veolia Transport, Connex
South Eastern Trains

**South Eastern Trains** was a train operating company that operated the South Eastern Passenger Rail Franchise from November 2003 to 1 April 2006.

It took over from Connex South Eastern in November 2003 and was taken over by Southeastern in April 2006.

### Main lines

From London termini (London Victoria, London Bridge, London Charing Cross, London Blackfriars and London Cannon Street) trains ran to the following areas:

- North Kent Line – services via Dartford to Gillingham
- Chatham Main Line – services to the Kent Coast via Bromley South and Chatham, dividing at Faversham to Ramsgate and Dover
- Swanley to Ashford (via Maidstone East) Line
- South Eastern Main Line – services the Kent Coast via Ashford and Sevenoaks
    - Ashford to Ramsgate (via Canterbury West) line
    - Ashford to Ramsgate (via Folkestone and Dover) line (Kent Coast Line)
- Hastings Line (Hastings via Tunbridge Wells)
- London Bridge to Tunbridge Wells (via East Croydon and Redhill) – uses part of the Brighton Main Line
- Horsham to Tunbridge Wells (via Gatwick and Redhill) – uses part of the Brighton Main Line

### Suburban lines

The suburban services (called ‘Metro’ in the South East Trains timetables) ran to:

- Sevenoaks: two services – one via Grove Park, and one via Bromley South
- Hayes line
- Mid-Kent Line
- Orpington via Lewisham and via Bromley South
- Swanley
- Dartford via: North Kent Line; the Bexleyheath Line and the Dartford Loop Line.
- Bromley North Line

### Rural lines

- Medway Valley Line, some services extended to Tonbridge.
- Sheerness Line

## Rolling stock

South Eastern Trains took on a fleet of Class 365s, Class 375s, Class 411s, Class 421s, Class 423s, Class 465s and Class 466s from Connex South Eastern.

South Eastern Trains added the remaining Class 375s into service and all of the Class 376s too.

All Class 411, Class 421 and Class 423s were withdrawn and scrapped in October 2005, the Class 365s were sent to West Anglia Great Northern in 2004.

South Eastern Trains rolling stock was maintained at Ashford and Ramsgate depots.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (rail company)

- **name**: South Eastern Trains
- **image**: NewCross-375913-01.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: British Rail Class 375, Class 375 _Electrostar_ at  in 2006
- **franchise**: South Eastern
9 November 2003 – 31 March 2006
- **regions**: Greater London, Kent
- **secregions**: East Sussex, West Sussex, Surrey
- **fleet**: approximately 350
- **stations**: 178
- **abbr**: SE
- **parent company**: Strategic Rail Authority (publicly owned)
- **website**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070203044121/http://www.southeasternrailway.co.uk:80/ http://www.southeasternrailway.co.uk]
- **predecessor**: Connex South Eastern
- **successor**: Southeastern (train operating company 2006–2021), Southeastern
Nonpareils

**Nonpareils** are a decorative confectionery of tiny balls made with sugars and starch. They come in many colors. They are used for decorating cakes, bread and cookies.

Nonpareils date back to the 18th century.
Lulu Roman

**Lulu Roman** (or **Bertha Louise Hable**; May 6, 1946 – April 23, 2025) was an American comedian and singer. She acted in the television comedy _Hee Haw_. She sings mostly gospel music. In 1984, Roman received a Dove Award from the Gospel Music Association for her album _You were Loving Me_. In 2003 she was the author of a book titled _Kitchen Komforts_.

Roman was born in Dallas, Texas. She died on April 23, 2025 in Bellingham, Washington at the age of 78.
Surge

**Surge** was a soft drink manufactured (made) by The Coca-Cola Company. The product was made mostly in the United States beginning in early 1997. The soda was marketed as a substitute to Mountain Dew. It was created because Coca-Cola wanted to take customers from Pepsi. The brand was very popular at first, but that didn't last.

Surge stopped being made in 2003. Surge was re-released by Coca-Cola as an Amazon exclusive in packs of 12 16oz cans because of the success of the "Surge Movement" campaign on September 15, 2014.
Brittney Griner

**Brittney Yevette Griner** (born October 18, 1990) is an American basketball player. She is 6 ft and 8 inches tall. She was the first NCAA basketball player ever to score 2,000 points and block 500 shots. She came out as lesbian in 2013. She plays for the Phoenix Mercury of the Women’s National Basketball Association. She was signed by Nike to model their mens clothes. Griner was born in Houston, Texas.

In February 2022, Griner was arrested by Russian officials for carrying vape pens in her luggage. She had been entering Russia to play with the Russian Premier League during the WNBA offseason. On August 4, 2022, Griner was sentenced to nine years in Russian prison. On December 8, 2022, she was released by Russia during a prisoner swap for arms dealer Viktor Bout.

## Other websites

- WNBA profile
Frédéric Back

**Frédéric Back** (April 8, 1924 – December 24, 2013) was a Canadian artist and movie director of short animated movies. He won two Academy Awards. His first was for his movie _Tout rein_ and his second for _Crac!_. His short movie, _The Man Who Planted Trees_ won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 1988.

Back was born in Saarbrücken, Saar. He moved to Canada in 1948. He worked as a teacher at École des Beaux-Arts de Montréal. Back died of cancer in Montreal on December 24, 2013.

## Other websites

- Frédéric Back, agir ensemble | caring together
- Frédéric Back  at The Canadian Encyclopedia

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frédéric Back
- **image**: Frédéric Back.jpg
- **birth place**: Saarbrücken, Territory of the Saar Basin (present-day Germany)
- **death place**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **occupation**: Animator
Illustrator
Movie director
Screenwriter
- **yearsactive**: 1970–1993
- **awards**: Order of Canada
National Order of Quebec
Allan McKeown

**John McKeown**, better known as **Allan McKeown** (21 May 1946 – 24 December 2013), was a British television producer. He was known for producing _Tracey Takes On..._. This show starred his wife Tracey Ullman. He won an Emmy Award.

McKeown was born in London. He married Ullman in 1983. They had two children. Their marriage would last until McKeown's death. He lived in Los Angeles. His net worth was £75 million.

McKeown died in Los Angeles, after suffering from prostate cancer.

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: John McKeown
- **name**: Allan McKeown
- **image**: Allan McKeown.jpg
- **caption**: McKeown at the Emmy Awards, 1990
- **birth place**: London, England
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California
- **death cause**: Prostate cancer
- **occupation**: Producer
- **years active**: 1979–2013
- **spouse**:
(his death)
- **children**: 2
Adnan Şenses

**Adnan Şenses** (21 August 1935 – 25 December 2013) was a Turkish musician and actor.

Şenses was born in Bursa, Turkey. He was raised and studied in Ankara. He began his singing career in 1956. He appeared in over 47 movies.

Şenses died from stomach cancer in Istanbul, aged 78.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Adnan Şenses
- **image**: Adnan Şenses TSM konseri 01.JPG
- **caption**: Şenses performing on 9 April 2012
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth place**: Bursa, Turkey
- **death place**: Istanbul, Turkey
- **occupation**: Film actor, singer, songwriter
Dr. Tangalanga

**Julio Victorio De Rissio** (10 November 1916 – 26 December 2013), or **Dr. Tangalanga**, was a famous Argentine comedian, actor and writer. He was known for his prank phone calls to people who were not expecting it.

Tangalanga was born in Buenos Aires. His career began in 1964. Tangalanga died in Buenos Aires from natural causes. He was aged 97.

## Other websites

- Official website
- _90 Tangalangas_
- _"Tal vez ya sea un poco conocido"_
- Argentina answers to the crazy call of Dr. Tangalanga, Matt Moffett. _Wall Street Journal_. December 15, 2007.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dr. Tangalanga
- **image**: Tangalanga.JPG
- **caption**: Dr. Tangalanga in November 2009
- **image size**: 180px
- **birth name**: Julio Victorio De Rissio
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **known for**: prank phone call, Prank calls
Surreal humour
- **occupation**: Comedian, writer, actor
- **years active**: 1964–2013
- **label name**: Distribuidora Belgrano Norte, DBN
Radio Tripoli Records, Radio Tripoli
William Jay Smith

**William Jay Smith** (22 April 1918 – 18 August 2015) was an American poet. He was the 19th Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 1968 to 1970.

William Jay Smith was born in Winnfield, Louisiana. He was raised in Jackson Barracks, Missouri. Smith studied at Washington University in St. Louis.

He was of Choctaw tribal descent and penned poetry reflecting that heritage making him the first Native American to become the U.S. poet laureate.

Smith married Barbara Howes in 1947. They had two children. Howes and Smith divorced during the mid-1960s. As of 2008, he lived in two houses, one in Cummington, Massachusetts and the other in Paris.

Smith died in Lenox, Massachusetts at the age of 97.

## Related pages

- List of poets from North America

## Other websites

- "The CPR Interview: William Jay Smith", _The Contemporary Poetry Review_
- The William Jay Smith Papers at Washington University in St. Louis
- "William Jay Smith", _2004 National Book Festival_

## Infobox (writer)

- **imagesize**: 180px
- **birth place**: Winnfield, Louisiana, United States, USA
- **death place**: Lenox, Massachusetts, USA
- **occupation**: Poet
- **nationality**: United States
- **alma mater**: Washington University in St. Louis
Columbia University
Oxford University
Hal Moore

**Harold Gregory** "**Hal**" **Moore Jr.** (February 13, 1922 – February 10, 2017) was a lieutenant general in the United States Army. He was also an author. Moore was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, which is the second highest military honor of the United States Army.

Moore was born in Bardstown, Kentucky. He graduated from the Military Academy in 1945. He was the first of his class to be promoted to brigadier general, major general, and lieutenant general. He fought during the Korean War and Vietnam War.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Hal Moore
- **birth name**: Harold Gregory Moore Jr.
- **birth place**: Bardstown, Kentucky, Bardstown, Kentucky, U.S.
- **death place**: Auburn, Alabama, Auburn, Alabama, U.S.
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **image**: LTG(R) Hal Moore at West Point 10 May 2010.JPG
- **caption**: Moore visiting the United States Military Academy, U.S. Military Academy in May 2010
- **nickname**: "Hal"
- **serviceyears**: 1945–1977
- **rank**: Lieutenant general (United States), Lieutenant General
- **commands**: 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment
 7th Infantry Division (United States), 7th Infantry Division
 Fort Ord Army Training Center
 Military Personnel Records Center
- **battles**: Korean War
Vietnam War
*Battle of Ia Drang
- **awards**: Distinguished Service Cross (United States), Distinguished Service Cross
Distinguished Service Medal (Army), Army Distinguished Service Medal
Legion of Merit
Bronze Star Medal, Bronze Star (4, of which 2 for valor)
Air Medal (9)
- **relations**: Julia Compton Moore
- **laterwork**: Author
Executive Vice-President of the Crested Butte Ski Area, Colorado
Drew Dennis Dix

**Drew Dennis Dix** (born December 14, 1944) is a United States military veteran. He was a major in the United States Army. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Vietnam War. He was the first enlisted Special Forces soldier to receive the medal.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Drew Dennis Dix
- **birth place**: West Point, New York
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **image**: Drew Dix 2010.jpg
- **caption**: Dix in 2010
- **alt**: Profile of a white man with a full, gray beard wearing a star-shaped medal from a blue ribbon around his neck.
- **allegiance**: United States, United States of America
- **branch**: United States Army
- **serviceyears**: 1962 – 1982
- **rank**: Major
- **unit**: 82nd Airborne Division
5th Special Forces Group
- **battles**: Operation Power Pack
Vietnam War
- **awards**: Medal of Honor
Purple Heart
Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry
Charles H. Coolidge

**Charles Henry Coolidge** (August 4, 1921 – April 6, 2021) was a United States Army soldier. He was awarded the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor. He received this honor for his actions in World War II. He was the oldest living person to have been given the Medal of Honor at the time of his death.

Coolidge died on April 6, 2021 at his home in Chattanooga, Tennessee from problems caused by multiple sclerosis, aged 99.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Charles Henry Coolidge
- **birth place**: Signal Mountain, Tennessee, U.S.
- **death place**: Chattanooga, Tennessee, U.S.
- **placeofburial label**: Place of burial
- **image**: Coolidge313645.jpg
- **caption**: Coolidge is congratulated by Lt. Gen Wade H. Haislip after he was presented with the Medal of Honor
- **allegiance**: United States, United States of America
- **branch**: United States Army
- **rank**: Technical Sergeant
- **unit**: 3rd Battalion, 141st Infantry Regiment (United States), 141st Infantry Regiment, 36th Infantry Division (United States), 36th Infantry Division
- **battles**: World War II
- **awards**: Medal of Honor
Légion d'honneur
Hector A. Cafferata Jr.

**Hector Albert Cafferata, Jr.** (November 4, 1929 – April 12, 2016) was a retired United States Marine. He received the Medal of Honor for his heroic service at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir during the Korean War.

## Life and career

He had been a private during the War. In November 1950, he fought off a regiment of enemy forces by himself. He did this by throwing a live grenade. He badly injured himself by doing this. However, he saved the injured Marines in his unit. He was awarded the Medal of Honor in a ceremony at the White House by President Harry S. Truman on November 24, 1952.

Cafferata was born in New York City. He died on April 12, 2016 in Venice, Florida, aged 86.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: **Hector Albert Cafferata, Jr.**
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York
- **death place**: Venice, Florida, Venice, Florida
- **image**: Hector Cafferata 2010.jpg
- **caption**: Hector A. Cafferata, Medal of Honor recipient, 2010
- **allegiance**: United States, United States of America
- **branch**: United States Marine Corps
- **serviceyears**: 1948-1951
- **rank**: Private First Class
- **unit**: 2nd Battalion 7th Marines
- **battles**: Battle of Chosin Reservoir
- **awards**: Medal of Honor
Purple Heart
Elinor Donahue

**Mary Eleanor Donahue** (born April 19, 1937), best known as **Elinor Donahue**, is an American actress. She was known for her role in the 1950s sitcom, _Father Knows Best_. She was born in Tacoma, Washington

Donahue was married for nearly 30 years to producer Harry Ackerman. They met each other on the set of _Father Knows Best_. She and Ackerman had three children together: Peter, James, and Christopher Ackerman.

## Other websites

- Elinor Donahue interview at Archive of American Television

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Elinor Donahue
- **image**: Elinor Donahue 1960.JPG
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **caption**: Donahue in 1960.
- **birthname**: Mary Eleanor Donahue
- **birth place**: Tacoma, Washington, US
- **othername**: Mary Elinor Donahue
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1942–present
- **spouse**: Richard Smith<small> (1955–61; divorced)</small>
Harry Ackerman<small> (1962–91; his death)</small>
Lou Genevrino<small> (1992–present)</small>
- **children**: 4
Lilyan Chauvin

**Lilyan Chauvin** (born **Lilyan Zemoz** August 6, 1925 – died June 26, 2008) was a French-American actress, television host, director and writer.

She appeared in some famous movies such as _Silent Night, Deadly Night_ (1984) and _Catch Me If You Can_ (2002). In the 1990s and 2000s she guest-starred in such television shows as _The X-Files_, _Star Trek: Deep Space Nine_, _Friends_, _Alias_, _Malcolm in the Middle_ and _Ugly Betty_.

Chauvin died at her home in Studio City, California. She was aged 82. She had suffered from breast cancer for many years and from congestive heart disease.

## Other websites

- Lilyan Chauvin Site

## Infobox (person)

- **birth name**: Lilyan Zemoz
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Studio City, Los Angeles, California, Studio City, California, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, producer, director
- **yearsactive**: 1950–2007
- **spouse**: Bernard J. Chauvin (?-1953) (divorced)
- **website**: http://www.lilyanchauvin.com/
Fred Stobaugh

**Fred Stobaugh** (August 22, 1917 – November 23, 2016) was an American retired driver and songwriter. He became well known after he submitted a song, "Oh Sweet Lorraine", to a music competition. The song was about his wife of 72 years. It became a viral video in September 2013. The song was soon entered in the _Billboard_ Hot 100.

## Personal life

Stobaugh was born on August 22, 1917 in Peoria, Illinois. He met his wife Lorraine Dinquel in 1938. They were married in 1940. They had three children. Dinquel died in April 2013.

Stobaugh died on November 23, 2016 in Peoria, aged 99.

## Oh Sweet Lorraine

A few months after his wife's death, Stobaugh wrote the song "Oh Sweet Lorraine". He entered a singer-songwriter competition hosted by Green Shoe Studio. The video of their recording sessions attracted more than six million hits on YouTube and Vimeo. In September 2013, the song entered the _Billboard_ Hot 100 at No. 42. He is the oldest artist to have appeared on the Hot 100.

## Songs

|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Title|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Year|scope="col" colspan="4"|Peak chart positions|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2013|42|42|31|14||

## Other websites

- A Letter From Fred  at greenshoestudio.com

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Fred Stobaugh
- **birth place**: Peoria, Illinois, Peoria, Illinois
- **death place**: Peoria, Illinois
- **known for**: Writing _Oh Sweet Lorraine_
- **spouse**: (her death)
- **children**: 3 daughters
Ronald Reagan Freedom Award

The **Ronald Reagan Freedom Award** is the highest civilian honor by the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. The award is given to "those who have made monumental and lasting contributions to the cause of freedom worldwide."

Today, the award is given by Former First Lady Nancy Reagan on behalf of her husband, who died in June 2004. The award was first given in 1992, by President Ronald Reagan himself, as well as in 1993, but in 1994 Mrs. Reagan presented the award instead of her husband due to his poor health.

In order to receive this honor, the recipient must "have made monumental and lasting contributions to the cause of freedom worldwide," as well as "embody President Reagan's lifelong belief that one man or woman truly can make a difference."

## Recipients

- 1992 – Mikhail Gorbachev, former General Secretary of the Soviet Union
- 1993 – General Colin Powell, former National Security Advisor to President Reagan
- 1994 – Yitzhak Rabin, former Prime Minister of Israel
- 1995 – King Hussein I, then King of Jordan
- 1997 – Bob Hope, former entertainer.
- 1998 – Margaret Thatcher, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- 2000 – The Reverend Billy Graham, evangelical minister
- 2002 – Rudy Giuliani, former mayor of New York
- 2007 – George H. W. Bush, former President of the United States, served under Reagan as Vice President of the United States
- 2008 – Natan Sharansky, former KGB prisoner, human rights activist, Israeli politician.
- 2011 – Lech Walesa, former Solidarity leader and former president of Poland
Westerlund 1

**Westerlund 1** (**Wd1**, also called **Ara Cluster**) is a compact young super star cluster. It is in the Milky Way galaxy, about 3.5–5 kiloparsecs (12000–16000 light years) away from Earth.

It is the most massive compact young star cluster known in the entire Local Group of galaxies. It was discovered by Bengt Westerlund in 1961. It remained largely unstudied for many years due to high interstellar extinction (absorption) in its direction. In the future, it will probably evolve into a globular cluster.

The cluster contains a large number of rare, evolved, high-mass stars, including: six yellow hypergiants, four red supergiants, 24 Wolf-Rayet stars, a luminous blue variable, many OB supergiants, and an unusual supergiant sgB[e] star which may be the remnant of a recent stellar merger. In addition, X-ray observations have revealed the presence of a strange X-ray pulsar, a slow rotating neutron star that must have formed from a high-mass progenitor star. Westerlund 1 is believed to have formed in a single burst of star formation, so the stars have similar ages and compositions.

Apart from hosting some of the most massive and least-understood stars in the galaxy, Westerlund 1 is useful as an example of a relatively nearby, so easier to observe, super star cluster  to help astronomers find out what happens in extragalactic super star clusters.

## Distance and position

Wd1 is too far away for direct measurement of the distance by parallax measurements, so the distance must be got from the expected absolute magnitude of the stars and estimates of the extinction towards the cluster. This has been done, giving estimates of 5 kpc and 3.6 kpc by different methods. These estimates all place Wd1 near the outer edge of the Milky Way's galactic bar.
Super star cluster

**Super star clusters** are huge star clusters of very young large stars. They are thought to be precursors of globular clusters. Their short-lived huge blue stars emit lots of UV radiation which ionises the surrounding gas. Examples are Westerlund 1 and 2 in the Milky Way, and R136 in the Larger Magellanic Cloud. Nearby galaxy NGC 1569 has two SSCs.
Miss Representation

***Miss Representation*** is a 2011 American documentary film. It was written, directed, and produced by Jennifer Siebel Newsom. It is about how the American media is sexist. The documentary has interviews with Condoleezza Rice, Margaret Cho, Jane Fonda, Lisa Ling, Nancy Pelosi, Katie Couric, Rachel Maddow, Rosario Dawson, Cory Booker, Geena Davis, Dr. Jackson Katz, Dr. Jean Kilbourne, and Gloria Steinem. On January 22, 2011 the film was shown at the Sundance Film Festival. _Miss Representation_ won Outstanding Documentary at the 2012 Gracie Allen Awards.
Brandi Love

**Tracey Lynn Livermore** (born March 29, 1973), known professionally as **Brandi Love**, is an American adult model and pornographic actress. She is the co-owner and Chief Financial Officer of No Rivals Media, a pornography company. She is also the creator of parentsinadult.com, an organization dedicated to parents working in the sex industry.

She was born in Dearborn, Michigan.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Marketing The Message
- AVN Partners With Parents in Adult
Simi Valley, California

**Simi Valley** is a city in the state of California, in the United States. As of the 2020 Census the population is 126,356.
Lưu Hữu Phước

**Lưu Hữu Phước** (12 September 1921 - 8 June 1989) was a Vietnamese composer. He composed _Thanh Niên Hành Khúc_ (English: _March of the Students_), the national anthem of South Vietnam. After he became a communist, he composed _Giải phóng miền Nam_ (English: Release the South), the national anthem of Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam.
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam

**Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam**, also known as **Republic of South Vietnam** or **PRG** was a former country that existed in Asia from 1969 to 1976. It was established on 6 June, 1969 with the support of North Vietnam and Viet Cong. The PRG existed as an underground government to the Republic of Vietnam until 1975. On 30 April, 1975, following the surrender of the government of Republic of Vietnam, the PRG officially became the government of Southern Vietnam. From then, it existed as a puppet state of North Vietnam. On 2 July, 1976, the PRG merged with North Vietnam to create a new country - the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

## Infobox (former country)

- **native name**: _Chính phủ Cách mạng lâm thời Cộng hòa miền Nam Việt Nam_
- **conventional long name**: Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam
- **common name**: South Vietnam
- **region**: Southeast Asia
- **era**: Vietnam WarCold War
- **status**: nominal underground government (1969-75), Puppet state of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1975–76)
- **p1**: South Vietnam
- **flag p1**: Flag of South Vietnam.svg
- **s1**: Vietnam
- **flag s1**: Flag of Vietnam.svg
- **image flag**: FNL Flag.svg
- **image coat**: Emblem of Viet Cong.svg
- **symbol type**: Emblem of the Viet Cong
- **image map**: South Vietnam in its region.svg
- **national anthem**: "Giải phóng miền Nam, Liberate the South!" <small>()</small>
- **capital**: Lộc Ninh <small>(1969–75)</small>
Ho Chi Minh City, Saigon <small>(1975–76)</small>
- **common languages**: Vietnamese language, Vietnamese
- **religion**: Buddhism
Confucianism
Taoism
- **government type**: Unitary state, Unitary Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist transitional government
- **title leader**: Leaders of South Vietnam#Personnel, Head of state
- **leader1**: Nguyễn Hữu Thọ
- **year leader1**: 1969–1976
- **deputy1**: Huỳnh Tấn Phát
- **year deputy1**: 1969–1976
- **event1**: Fall of Saigon, Viet Cong seize power
- **date event1**: 30 April, 1975
- **event end**: Vietnamese reunification, Reunification with North Vietnam
- **date end**: July 2
- **year end**: 1976
- **stat year1**: 1973
- **stat area1**: 173809
- **stat pop1**: 19370000
- **currency**: South Vietnamese đồng#Second (Liberation) đồng, 1975-1978, Liberation dong
Emilie de Ravin

**Emilie de Ravin** (born 27 December 1981) is an Australian actress, best known for her starring roles as Tess Harding in the sci-fi series _Roswell_ (2000–2002), Claire Littleton in the ABC drama series _Lost_ (2004–2008, 2010), and Belle in the American Broadcasting Company fantasy-drama series _Once Upon a Time_ (2011–2018).

Ravin was born in Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Emilie de Ravin
- **image**: Emilie de Ravin.jpg
- **caption**: Emilie de Ravin
- **birth place**: Victoria (Australia), Mount Eliza, Victoria, Australia
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1999–present
- **partner**: Eric Bilitch (2014–present)
- **children**: 2
Robert W. Wilson (philanthropist)

**Robert Warne Wilson** (November 3, 1926 – December 23, 2013) was an American hedge fund manager and philanthropist. He founded Wilson & Associates in 1969 after years of working as a securities analyst. He retired in 1986.  By 2000 he was worth an estimated US$800 million dollars.

Wilson was born in Detroit, Michigan. He also collected fine art. Wilson was openly gay.

Wilson gave away over $400 million (according to some more than $500 million) to environmental and preservation organizations. These included the Nature Conservancy and the World Monuments Fund.

Wilson died at the age of 87. He jumped from the 16th floor of his apartment in Manhattan, New York. He had suffered a stroke in the month of June, before his suicide.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Robert W. Wilson
- **birth name**: Robert Warne Wilson
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York
- **occupation**: Businessman, philanthropist
Junction City, Kansas

**Junction City** is a city in the state of Kansas, in the United States. It is the  county seat of Geary County.
Schaumburg, Illinois

**Schaumburg** is a large village in Cook County in northeastern Illinois, United States. The village is a northwestern suburb of Chicago. It is north-west of the O'Hare International Airport.
Danny Kaye

**Danny Kaye** (born **David Daniel Kaminsky**; January 18, 1911 – March 3, 1987) was an American actor, comedian, singer, and dancer. He hosted his own television show, _The Danny Kaye Show_. He has also starred in many movies.

Kaye died on March 3, 1987 in Los Angeles, California from heart failure and internal bleeding caused by hepatitis C, aged 76.

## Other websites

- Danny Kaye tribute and fan website
- Tribute to Danny Kaye in The Court Jester
- Danny! – The Definitive Danny Kaye Fan Site
- Royal Engineers Museum  Danny Kaye in Korea 1952
- Literature on Danny Kaye
- N.Y. Times Obituary for Danny Kaye

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Danny Kaye
- **image**: Danny Kaye - L0063 971Fo30141701300176 (cropped).jpg
- **birth name**: David Daniel Kaminsky
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Heart failure and hemorrhage, internal bleeding caused by hepatitis C
- **years active**: 1933–1986
- **children**: 1
Dean Jagger

**Ira Dean Jagger** (November 7, 1903 – February 5, 1991) was an American movie actor. His career lasted for nearly 60 years. He received an Academy Award for his role in Henry King's _Twelve O'Clock High_ (1949).

Jagger was born in Columbus Grove, Ohio. He died from heart disease in Santa Monica, California. He was 87. He was buried in the small town of Hughson, California, at Lakewood Memorial Park.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dean Jagger
- **image**: Dean Jagger in Dangerous Number trailer.jpg
- **caption**: in _Dangerous Number_ (1937)
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **birth place**: Columbus Grove, Ohio,
United States
- **death place**: Santa Monica, California,
United States
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1929–87
- **spouse**: Antoinette Lawrence (1935–1943) (divorced)
 Gloria Ling (1947–1967) (divorced) 1 daughter
 Etta Mae Norton (1968–1991) (his death)
Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour

***Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour*** is the first of two theatrical productions by Cirque du Soleil. It uses music by Michael Jackson. The show was written and directed by Jamie King. The first show was in October 2011. By December 2011 the show had sold out over $100 million in tickets. On November 21, 2011 _Immortal_, the soundtrack album to the show, was released by Epic Records. There are 20 songs on the album. It sold 43,000 copies in its first week.
Hanson (band)

**Hanson** is an American pop rock band from Tulsa, Oklahoma. The band was formed in 1992 by brothers Isaac, Taylor and Zac Hanson. They are best known for their 1997 number one single "MMMBop". The song was nominated for two Grammys at the 1998 Grammy Awards. They started their own record label 3CG Records in October 2003.

## History

Hanson were at first called The Hanson Brothers. They performed for the first time in 1992 at the Mayfest Arts Festival in Tulsa. Hanson released their first album _Boomerang_ in 1995. In 1997 Hanson released their third album _Middle of Nowhere_. It sold ten million copies. Five singles were released from it. "MMMBop" was the first single.  The band was signed to Mercury Records in 1996.

## Discography

- _Boomerang_ (1995)
- _MMMBop_ (1996)
- _Middle of Nowhere_ (1997)
- _Snowed In_ (1997)
- _3 Car Garage_ (1998)
- _Live from Albertane_ (1998)
- _This Time Around_ (2000)
- _Underneath_ (2004)
- _The Walk_ (2007)
- _Shout It Out_ (2010)
- _Anthem_ (2013)
- _Middle of Everywhere: The Greatest Hits_ (2017)
- _Finally It's Christmas_ (2017)
- _String Theory_ (2018)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Hanson
- **background**: group_or_band
- **image**: Hanson 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Hanson in 2013
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **origin**: Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.
- **current members**: * Isaac Hanson
* Taylor Hanson
* Zac Hanson
NHL 14

***NHL 14*** is an ice hockey video game. It was developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports.

It was released on September 10, 2013 in North America, September 12, 2013 in Australasia, and on September 13, 2013 in Europe. The game was the 23rd in the _NHL_ video game series and is the sequel to _NHL 13_. New Jersey Devils goaltender Martin Brodeur is shown on the cover of the game. This is the first time since _NHL 97_ that a goaltender has been featured on the cover.

## Reception

IGN rated the game a 8.3 out of 10. They said, "With much better collisions and a vastly improved fighting minigame, NHL 14 is becoming more gamey and less of a simulation, but that gives it a distinct and interesting flavor compared to its predecessors."

GameSpot gave the game a 6 out of 10. They said, "NHL 14 adds little of note to NHL 13 aside from better hitting, more fighting, and a disappointing NHL 94 retro mode."

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: EA Canada
- **publisher**: EA Sports
- **genre**: Sports game, Sports
Ice hockey
- **modes**: Single player
multiplayer
Multiplayer online game, Online multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation 3
Xbox 360
NHL 13

***NHL 13*** is an ice hockey video game. It was developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports.

It was released on September 11, 2012 in North America, September 13, 2012 in Australasia, and on September 14, 2012 in Europe. The game was the 22nd in the _NHL_ video game series and is the sequel to _NHL 12_. Philadelphia Flyers forward Claude Giroux is featured on the cover of the game.

For the first time in the series, there were two playable female characters, Hayley Wickenheiser and Angela Ruggiero that were added.

## Reception

IGN rated the game a 8.5 out of 10. They said, "For a full-price title, gamers get so much more than mere roster and tuner updates (which come for free and with regularity, by the way). You also get robust online and offline modes that could potentially keep you busy for hundreds of hours."

GameSpot gave the game a 8 out of 10. They said, "NHL 13 adds some great new skating physics and smarter AI, although you've already seen a lot of what the game has to offer."

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: EA Canada
- **publisher**: EA Sports
- **genre**: Sports game, Sports
Ice hockey
- **modes**: Single player
multiplayer
Multiplayer online game, Online multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation 3
Xbox 360
Lauren Potter

**Lauren Elizabeth Potter** (born May 10, 1990) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Becky Jackson on the television show _Glee_.

She grew up in Southern California's Inland Empire. She has Down syndrome.
Elvira Quintillá

**Elvira Quintillá** (19 September 1928 – 27 December 2013) was a Spanish actress. Her career has lasted for nearly 60 years.

Quintillá was born in Barcelona. Her career began in 1941. In 1947, she married José María Rodero. They were married until Rodero's death in May 1991.

Quintillá died at the age of 85, in Madrid. She died from a heart attack.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Elvira Quintillá
- **birth name**: Elvira Quintillá Ramos
- **birth place**: Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- **death place**: Madrid, Community of Madrid, Spain
- **occupation**: Actress
- **spouse**: José María Rodero (1947–1991; his death)
- **years active**: 1941–2004
Sinforoso Amoedo Canaveri

**Sinforoso Amoedo** (18 July 1823 - 1871) was an Argentine medical doctor.

He was born in Buenos Aires. He was the son of Hilario Amoedo Garazatúa and Juana Josefa Canaveris. He began his high school studies at the Colegio Republicano. He studied medicine at the University of Buenos Aires, where he received his Doctor of Medicine. He practiced in the Parroquia de la Concepción until his retirement. He was replaced by Dr. Juan Antonio Argerich.

He worked with patients during the yellow fever epidemic that hit the city of Buenos Aires. He died of yellow fever himself in 1871. His family was honored with a medal for his courage and heroism to fight against the epidemic.

## Other websites

- http://www.genealogia.org.ar/Revista_bajar/Genealogia_Revista_24.pdf

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Sinforoso Amoedo
- **birth date**: 1823
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **death date**: 1871
- **death place**: Buenos Aires
- **birthname**: Sinforoso del Carmen Amoedo Canaveri
- **nationality**: Argentina, Argentine
- **occupation**: Medicine
- **profession**: Medical doctor, Doctor
Patricia Robins

**Patricia Robins** (1 February 1921 – 4 December 2016) was an English romance novelist. She was also known as **Claire Lorrimer**. She also served as Women's Auxiliary Air Force officer during World War II tracking Nazi bombers.

Her mother was Denise Robins, the popular romance novelist. Her maternal grandmother was the also writer K. C. Groom. Her maternal grandfather was Herman Klein, a musician.

Robins was born in Hove, Sussex, England. She died at her home in rural Kent, England from complication of a fall on 3 December 2016, aged 95.

## Other websites

- Patricia Robins at fantasticfiction.co.uk

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Patricia Denise Robins Clark
- **pseudonym**: Patricia Robins,
Claire Lorrimer,
Susan Patrick
- **birth name**: Patricia Denise Robins
- **birth place**: Hove, Sussex, England
- **death place**: Kent, England
- **occupation**: Novelist
- **nationality**: United Kingdom, British
- **genre**: Romance novel, romance, gothic fiction, gothic
- **spouse**: Donald Clark
- **children**: 3
- **relatives**: Denise Robins (mother),
K. C. Groom (grandmother),
Adrian Bernard Klein (uncle)
Nigersaurus

***Nigersaurus*** (meaning "Niger reptile") is a genus of _Diplodocus_-like sauropod dinosaur. It lived in the middle of the Cretaceous period in what is now the Republic of Niger. Fossils of this dinosaur were first described in 1976, but it was only named in 1999 after more complete remains were found and described.

Its skull was very different from _Diplodocus_, suggesting a different feeding method. It had many fenestrae (openings) and thin bones. It had a wide muzzle filled with more than 500 teeth. They were replaced often: about every 14 days the whole set were replaced together. The jaws may have had a keratinous sheath, something like a wide beak. Its jaws were wider than the skull, and its teeth were placed far to the front.

_Nigersaurus_ was  long, which is small for a sauropod, and had a short neck. It weighed around 4 tonnes, comparable to a modern elephant. Its skeleton was filled with air sacs, which lightened the weight. Its limbs were robustly built.

_Nigersaurus_ was probably a browser, and fed with its head close to the ground. The region of its brain that detected smell was small, although its brain size was comparable to that of other dinosaurs. There has been debate on whether its head was habitually held downwards, or horizontally like other sauropods. It lived in a riparian habitat (near rivers). Its diet probably consisted of soft plants, such as ferns, horsetails, and angiosperms. It is one of the most common fossil vertebrates found in the area, and shared its habitat with other large herbivores, as well as large theropods and crocodylomorphs.
Independent Democratic Union

The **Independent Democratic Union** (, **UDI**) is a political party in Chile. Its politics are considered to be right wing. The party was founded on 1983 by Jaime Guzmán during the government of Augusto Pinochet.

## Other websites

- UDI's official website

## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 39
- 120
- **hex**: #000080


## Infobox (political party/seats)

- 8
- 38
- **hex**: #000080


## Infobox (political party)

- **country**: Chile
- **name english**: Independent Democratic Union
- **name native**: Unión Demócrata Independiente
- **logo**:
- **colorcode**: #000080
- **leader**: Juan Antonio Coloma
- **foundation**: September 24, 1983
- **membership year**: 2009
- **membership**: 77,753 (7th)
- **ideology**: Conservatism,
National conservatism,
Social conservatism,
Economic liberalism,
Gremialismo
- **position**: Right-wing politics, Right-wing
- **international**: International Democrat Union
- **affiliation1 title**: Regional affiliation
- **affiliation1**: Union of Latin American Parties
- **wing1 title**: Coalition
- **wing1**: Alliance (Chile), Alliance
- **colours**: Blue, White and Yellow
- **headquarters**: Suecia 286, Providencia, Chile, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
- **youth wing**: Juventud UDI
- **website**: [http://www.udi.cl/ http://www.udi.cl/]
- **seats1 title**: Chamber of Deputies of Chile, Chamber of Deputies
- **seats2 title**: Senate of Chile, Senate
Pussy Riot

**Pussy Riot** is a Russian feminist punk rock protest group of eleven women.

The group was formed in August 2011 in Moscow. Three members of the group (Yekaterina Samutsevich, Nadezhda Tolokonnikova, and Maria Alyokhina) were put in prison for a protest they did at a cathedral in Moscow against Vladimir Putin. Yekaterina Samutsevich was let out of prison in September 2012 after her appeal succeeded.

There were protests around the world by people who thought that it was wrong for Pussy Riot members to be put in prison. Lots of famous people said that they should be released including Madonna. On December 23, 2013, Tolokonnikova and Alyokhina were let out. Other members declared that Nadezhda Tolokonnikova and Maria Alyokhina could not be Pussy Riot members because they showed their faces on US television.

## Music

Pussy Riot have released twenty songs, including an album called _xxx_ (styled in lower capitals) .

## Documentary

In January 2013 a documentary about Pussy Riot called _Pussy Riot: A Punk Prayer_ was released. On 21 October 2013 BBC4 showed it.

## Related pages

- MediaZona

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Pussy Riot
- **image**: Pussy Riot by Igor Mukhin.jpg
- **alt**: 7 women with bright colored clothes and multicolored knit ski masks over their faces. A woman at the center holds a guitar and one at the back holds a piece of red fabric.
- **caption**: Members of the band in January 2012
- **landscape**: yes
- **origin**: Moscow, Russia
- **years active**: 2011–present
Division of Mitchell

The **Division of Mitchell** is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is named after Major Thomas Mitchell, surveyor and explorer who was the first European to explore large areas of New South Wales and Victoria. It was set up in 1949.

The division covers the north-west suburbs of Sydney. It includes Baulkham Hills, Beaumont Hills, Bella Vista, Box Hill, Kellyville, Nelson and Winston Hills. It also includes parts of Castle Hill, North Rocks, Northmead, Maraylya, Rouse Hill and West Pennant Hills.

After the 2013 federal election, Mitchell became the safest Liberal seat in metropolitan Australia. The ALP would need a 22% swing to win it.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Roy Wheeler|Liberal|1949–1961|
|||John Armitage|Labor|1961–1963|
|||Les Irwin|Liberal|1963–1972|
|||Alfred Ashley-Brown|Labor|1972–1974|
|||Alan Cadman|Liberal|1974–2007|
|||Alex Hawke|Liberal|2007–present|

## Other websites

- Division of Mitchell – Australian Electoral Commission

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Mitchell
- **image**:
- **created**: 1949
- **mp**: Alex Hawke
- **mp-party**: Liberal Party of Australia, Liberal
- **namesake**: Thomas Mitchell, Sir Thomas Mitchell
- **electors**: 97663
- **electors year**: 2013
- **area**: 101
- **class**: Outer Metropolitan
Neon tetra

The **neon tetra** (_Paracheirodon innesi_) is a freshwater fish. Neon tetras are native to South America and mainly in the Amazon. In captivity they grow to .

## In the aquarium

Neon tetras are sturdy, cheap and easy to look after. They are schooling fish and like to be kept with other neon tetras. They can also be kept in community tanks with other peaceful fish. They like to live in a water temperature of around 20–26°C.

## Diet

Neon tetras are omnivores. They eat most flake foods. They should also be fed live food like brine shrimp or daphnia supplement their diets.

## Other websites

- https://www.aquaticcommunity.com/tetrafish/neontetra.php
- https://www.keepingtropicalfish.co.uk/fish-database/neon-tetra/
Loss function

In mathematics a **loss function** or **cost function** is a mathematical function that maps an event, or the values of one or more variables onto a real number. This number is then given a semantic value, such as cost  or utility. Optimisation can then be used to find the value where the function is minimal, or at one of its maxima.
Kia Combi

The **Kia Combi** was a series of minibuses built by Asia Motors and Kia Motors from 1983 to 2002. Kia Motors has owned Asia Motors since 1976.

## Related pages

- List of bus models

## Other websites

- Chronological table of Korean Buses
Jefferson's Birthday

**Jefferson's Birthday** is a holiday in the United States. It celebrates the birth of Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States. It is celebrated every April 13.
Mozzarella sticks

**Mozzarella sticks** are pieces of battered or breaded mozzarella. It is a deep fried food. In the United States, it is often served in restaurants as an appetizer and as food served in pubs. It is shaped like a stick.

Mozzarella sticks are often served with tomato or marinara sauce. They may also be served with plum sauce, jalapeño jelly, barbecue sauce, honey mustard sauce, and ranch dressing. Other types of cheese may be fried, such as provolone, cheddar, and American.
Cardinal tetra

The **cardinal tetra** (_Paracheirodon axelrodi_) is a freshwater fish.

## In the aquarium

Cardinal tetras grow to about . They are shoaling fish and like to be kept with other cardinal tetras and they can be kept with other non-aggressive fish. In good conditions the cardinal tetra can live for about five years. The cardinal tetra is a very popular fish but is not as popular as the neon tetra because it is more difficult to breed. They like to live in a temperature of around 23–27°C.

## Diet

The cardinal tetra eats live food such as bloodworms or brine shrimp.

## References

- http://www.liveaquaria.com/product/prod_display.cfm?c=830+890+895&pcatid=895
- http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/content.php?sid=3139
- http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/tetrafish/cardinaltetra2.php