Madhesh Province

**Madhesh Province** () is a province in the southeastern region of Nepal.

## History

The province was formed after the adoption of the Constitution of Nepal.

On 17 January 2022, the meeting of Provincial assembly declared Janakpur as capital of Province No. 2 while the province was renamed to Madhesh Province. Hari Shankar Mishra is the Head of Province while Mohammad Lalbabu Raut Gaddhi is the current Chief Minister.

### Borders

It borders Koshi Province to the east, Bagmati Province to the north, and India’s Bihar state to the south. It has an area of -about 6.5% of the country's total area.

The Koshi River and Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve acts as provincial border between Madhesh Province and Province No.1 in the east. And the line between Chitwan National Park and Parsa National Park (previously Wildlife Reserve) acts as provincial border between Madhesh Province and Bagmati Province in the west.

### Districts

The province includes eight districts from Saptari District in the east to Parsa District in the west.

### Capital

The Capital city Janakpur, also known as Janakpurdham, is a centre for religious and cultural tourism. It is also thought to have been the capital of the Videha dynasty that ruled Mithila region in ancient times.

### Other cities

The first urban planned municipality of Nepal, Rajbiraj, is also the oldest place of the Terai belt of Nepal. The town is believed to have been named after the ancient Rajdevi temple, which dates back to the 1700s. The city of Birgunj is an economically important industrial centre and the only metropolitan city in the province.

## Population

It is Nepal's most populous province, and smallest province by area.
It has a population of 6,126,288 as per the 2021 Nepal census, making it the most populated province of Nepal.

The majority of the province's population speaks Maithili, Bhojpuri and Nepali and Bajjika.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Madhesh Province
- **native name**: मधेश प्रदेश
- **type**: Provinces of Nepal, Province
- **image map**: Madhesh in Nepal.svg
- **mapsize**: 300px
- **map caption1**: Map of Madhesh Province, Nepal
- **map caption**: Location of Madhesh Province
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **parts type**: List of districts of Nepal, Districts
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: #Districts, 8
- **seat type**: Capital city, Capital City
- **seat**: Janakpur
- **seat1 type**: Largest city
- **seat1**: Birgunj
- **governing body**: List of chief ministers of Madhesh Province, Government of Madhesh Province
- **leader title**: List of governors of Madhesh Province, Governor
- **leader name**: Sumitra Subedi Bhandari
- **leader title1**: List of chief ministers of Madhesh Province, Chief Minister
- **leader name1**: Satish Kumar Singh
- **leader title2**: List of Deputy Chief Minister of Madhesh Province, Deputy Chief Minister
- **leader name2**:  Ram Saroj Yadav
- **leader title3**: High Court
- **leader name3**: Janakpur High Court
- **leader title4**: Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province, Provincial Assembly
- **leader name4**: Unicameralism, Unicameral (107 seats)
- **established title**: Formation
- **established date**: 20 September 2015
- **area total km2**: 9661
- **area rank**: Provinces of Nepal#List of provinces, 7th
- **population as of**: 2021
- **population total**: 6126288
- **population rank**: List of Nepalese provinces by Population, 1st
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density rank**: List of Nepalese provinces by Population, 1st
- **blank name sec1**: Languages of Nepal, Official language
- **blank info sec1**: Nepali language, Nepali (under Constitution of Nepal)
- **blank1 name sec1**: Languages of Nepal, Other Official language(s)
- **blank1 info sec1**: 1. Maithili language, Maithili
2. Bhojpuri language, Bhojpuri
3. Bajjika language, Bajjika
- **blank name sec2**: Human Development Index, HDI
- **blank info sec2**: 0.519 ()
- **blank1 name sec2**: HDI rank
- **blank2 name sec2**: Literacy
- **blank2 info sec2**: 52.28%
- **blank3 name sec2**: Human sex ratio, Sex ratio
- **blank3 info sec2**: 101.2 males, ♂ /100 females, ♀ (2011)
- **blank4 name sec2**: GDP
- **blank4 info sec2**: US$5.37 billion
- **blank5 name sec2**: List of Nepalese provinces by GDP, GDP rank
- **blank5 info sec2**: List of Nepalese provinces by GDP, 4th
- **timezone**: Nepal Time, NST
- **utc offset**: +5:45
- **area code**: 041
- **website**: https://provincialassembly.p2.gov.np/
- **government type**: Autonomy, Self governing province