juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Shannon Lucid

Dr. **Shannon Lucid** (born 1943) is a biochemist and a retired NASA astronaut. At one time she had the longest duration in space for an American astronaut.  She has flown in space five times.  This includes a long mission on the Mir space station.

Lucid was born in Shanghai, China.  She grew up in Bethany, Oklahoma.  She attended the University of Oklahoma.

Lucid was awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor in December 1996.  She is the tenth person and first woman to be given that honor. In 1993 she was inducted into the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame.

On January 31, 2012, Lucid said she was retired from NASA.
Hiromi Miyake

|}

is a Japanese athlete.  She is best known as a weightlifter who has competed in three Summer Olympic Games.

## Career

In July 2012, Miyake won the silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 48 kg category.

### Timeline

- **2004**: Athens Olympics
- **2008**: Beijing Olympics
- **2012**: London Olympics

## Related pages

- Sports in Japan
- Japan at the Olympics

## Other websites

- Hiromi Miyake at London212.com
Jacob Wukie

**Jacob Wukie** (born May 11, 1986) is an American athlete.  He is best known as an archer who competed in the Summer Olympic Games.

## Career

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he was part of the men's archery team that won a silver medal.

## Related pages

- United States at the Olympics
- Brady Ellison
- Jake Kaminski

## Other websites

- Jacob Wukie at London2012.com
County-equivalent

A **county-equivalent** in the United States is a type of area that is not inside any county. The county-equivalents are defined by the federal government. They are used for administrative and statistical reasons.

As of 2012, there were 3,143 counties and county-equivalents in the United States and the District of Columbia.

## Types of county-equivalents

There are three types of county-equivalents.

### First type

The first type of county-equivalent is an area of a state which is similar to a county.

Examples of this type are that Louisiana has parishes instead of counties,  while Alaska  has boroughs instead of counties: the city of Anchorage is considered a borough under state law.

In Connecticut, the state and federal government use councils of governments, instead of counties, starting in 2024.

### Second type

The second type of county-equivalent is a city that is not inside any county.

Examples of this type:
- In Virginia, cities are not legally part of the counties that they are in, so they are considered county-equivalents.
- Three other cities in the United States are not legally part of any county: Baltimore, Maryland; Carson City, Nevada; and St. Louis, Missouri. These three cities are also county-equivalents.
- Washington, D.C. is a county-equivalent.
- Prior to 1997, the Census Bureau had recognized the portion of Yellowstone National Park within Montana as separate from any county, despite the fact that the State of Montana had recognized this land as being within adjacent counties since 1978. This area is no longer considered a county equivalent.

### Third type

The third type of county-equivalent is an area that doesn't have any county-level government and the United States Census Bureau decides to treat it as a county-equivalent.

Example of this type:
- Alaska has boroughs, but the boroughs do not cover the whole state. The area not covered by boroughs is called the Unorganized Borough. In 1970, the Unorganized Borough was divided into areas for statistical reasons. Each of those areas is considered a county-equivalent.

## Related pages

- Consolidated city-county

## Other websites

- County or Statistically Equivalent Entity at the United States Census Bureau website
Angel on My Shoulder

**Angel on My Shoulder** may refer to:

- _Angel on My Shoulder_ (movie), starring Paul Muni
- "Angel on My Shoulder" (song) by Gareth Gates
- "Angel on My Shoulder" (song) by Kaskade
- _Angel on My Shoulder_, autobiography of singer Natalie Cole
- Shoulder angel
AS

**AS** or **as** may refer to:

## Science and technology

- A. S. (car), a small French car built in the 1920s
- ActionScript, a programming language developed by Macromedia and Adobe
- Aggregate supply, the total supply of goods, in economics
- Almost surely or a.s., in probability theory, an event with probability 1
- Associate of Science, an American associate degree
- Arsenic, chemical symbol "As"
- Australian Standard, usually followed by the standard number
- Autonomous system (Internet), a collection of IP networks
- Arcsecond,  arcminute, a unit of angular measurement
- Attosecond or as, one trillionth (long scale) (10<sup>−18</sup>) or one quintillionth (short scale) (10<sup>−18</sup>) of a second, a unit of time
- Attosiemens or aS, one trillionth (long scale) (10<sup>−18</sup>) or one quintillionth (short scale) (10<sup>−18</sup>) of a siemens, a unit of electric conductance

## Medicine

- Angelman syndrome, a neuro-genetic disorder
- Ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis of the spine and joints near to the spine
- Aortic stenosis, a type of heart disease
- Asperger syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder
- Autism spectrum

## Places

- .as, the Internet country code top-level domain for American Samoa
- As, Belgium, a municipality in Belgium
- Ås, a municipality in Akershus county, Norway
- Ås, Sør-Trøndelag, a village in Tydal municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway
- Ås, Swedish name for Harju quarter in Helsinki, Finland
- Aš, a town in the Czech Republic

## People

- Æsir are called "ás", "áss", or "ǫ́ss" in Norse.
- Ossetians were called As or Asi by the Georgians and Russians in the past

## Organizations

- Aksjeselskap or A/S, a type of Norwegian stock-based company
- Aktieselskab or A/S, a type of Danish stock-based company
- Aktsiaselts, a type of Estonian stock-based company
- Abilene and Southern Railway
- Akademiska Sångföreningen or _The Academic Male Voice Choir of Helsinki_, a Finnish choir
- Alaska Airlines, IATA airline designator
- A.S. Roma, Italian football club based in Rome
- Australian Standards
- Diario AS, a Spanish sports newspaper

## Other uses

- As (Roman coin), a coin and weight unit
- "As" (song), a song by Stevie Wonder
- Anglo-Saxon, ancestor of modern English language
- Anti-submarine warfare
- Assamese language, ISO 639 alpha-2 language code
- Adult Swim, an adult-oriented block of programming on Cartoon Network
- AS Level, a qualification in the United Kingdom; half an A Level
- Anabolic Steroids, AS is an abbreviation often used on online bodybuilding forums
The Pointer Sisters

**The Pointer Sisters** are an American R&B girl group. They were founded in 1969 and are based out of Oakland, California who first achieved mainstream success in the 1970s and 1980s. Their genres are bebop, disco, blues, country and rock. The group were a duo when they started, though they became trio, then a quartet in the later years. The Pointer Sisters had their greatest and highest success in the 1980s. They are best known for a song called "I'm So Excited".

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Pointer Sisters
- **image**: Pointer Sisters aangekomen op Schiphol voor optreden in Nederland de Pointer Si, Bestanddeelnr 927-4783.jpg
- **caption**: The Pointer Sisters in 1974
- **image size**: 250px
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Oakland, California, United States
- **genre**: Rhythm and blues, R&B, soul music, soul, pop music, pop, dance music, dance, jazz, country music, country, Gospel music, gospel, post-disco
- **years active**: 1969–present
- **label**: Blue Thumb Records
ABC Records
Planet Records
RCA Records
Motown
SBK Records
- **current members**: Ruth Pointer
Sadako Pointer
Issa Pointer
- **past members**: Anita Pointer
Bonnie Pointer
June Pointer
- **website**: [http://www.thepointersisters.com/ thepointersisters.com]
Kerri Strug

**Kerri Allyson Strug** (b. November 19, 1977 in Tucson, Arizona) is a retired American gymnast. She won a gold medal in the 1996 Summer Olympics. She is remembered for performing the vault despite hurting her ankle.
Kim Zmeskal

**Kim Zmeskal** (born February 6, 1976 in Houston) is a retired gymnast. She went up against Shannon Miller during the 1992 Summer Olympics but was beaten.

Zmeskal retired from gymnastics in 2000.
Jamie Salé

**Jamie Rae Salé** (born near Edmonton, Alberta, April 21, 1977) is a Canadian pair skater.  She and David Pelletier won a gold medal in the 2002 Winter Olympics. The gold medal, however, was shared by a Russian pair skating couple after a figure skating scandal hit through the Olympics.

Salé was born in Calgary, Alberta. She competed first as a singles skater.  She and Jason Turner placed 12th at the Lillehammer Olympics.

After the 2002 win, the pair has turned professional and are now touring North America with Stars on Ice, a figure skating show.

Salé and Pelletier were engaged on Christmas Day of 2004 at their Edmonton, Alberta home. They married on December 30, 2005 at the Fairmont Banff Springs hotel in Alberta.   Their son, Jesse Joe Pelletier, was born on September 30, 2007.

Salé and Pelletier were inducted into the Skate Canada Hall of Fame in 2008. They were inducted into the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame on March 26, 2009.

On June 4, 2010, it was reported that Salé and Pelletier would divorce; however, they will remain skating partners.

On June 20, 2012 Salé married her _Battle of the Blades_ partner, Craig Simpson.
Indigo Girls

The **Indigo Girls** are an American folk and rock music duo. Their names are Amy Ray and Emily Saliers. They met during elementary school. They began performing together while in high school near Atlanta, Georgia. They began performing with the name Indigo Girls close to 1986. They have had many hit songs. They got a Grammy Award in 1990.

## Solo projects

In 1990, Ray founded Daemon Records.  The company has signed Magnapop, Ellen James Society, Kristen Hall, Rose Polenzani, Girlyman, Athens Boys Choir, and James Hall among others.

Ray has put out five solo albums.  They are called _Stag_, _Prom_, _Live from Knoxville_, _Didn't It Feel Kinder_ and "Amy Ray: Live MVP". She has toured with both The Butchies and her band The Volunteers.

Saliers is also planning a solo album.  She is co-owner of Watershed Restaurant in Decatur, Georgia. Saliers was an initial investor in the Flying Biscuit Cafe in Atlanta, Georgia. In 2005, Saliers and her father, Don Saliers, a theology professor at Candler School of Theology at Emory University, released the book _A Song to Sing, a Life to Live: Reflections on Music as Spiritual Practice_. They promoted the release of the book together including several days of speaking and performing together at the Washington National Cathedral College in Washington D.C.

## Personal lives

Both Ray and Saliers have long identified themselves as lesbians. They have never been a couple. Because of their work for LGBT rights they are seen as icons of the movement.

## Studio albums

- _Indigo Girls_ (EP, 1987)
- _Strange Fire_ (1987, independent 11-song version, re-released 1989 in major-label 10-song version) US #159
- _Indigo Girls_ (1989) US #22
- _Nomads Indians Saints_ (1990) US #43
- _Rites of Passage_ (1992) US #21
- _Swamp Ophelia_ (1994) U.S #9, UK #66
- _Shaming of the Sun_ (1997) US #7
- _Come on Now Social_ (1999) US #34
- _Become You_ (2002) US #30
- _All That We Let In_ (2004) US #35
- _Despite Our Differences_ (2006) US #44
- _Poseidon and the Bitter Bug_ (2009) US #29
- _Holly Happy Days_ (2010)
- _Beauty Queen Sister_ (2011) #35

## Other websites

- Indigo Girls official site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Indigo Girls
- **img**: Indigo Girls, Park West, Chicago, IL 05-09-18.jpg
- **caption**: Indigo Girls at Park West in Chicago, September 18, 2005. (left to right: Amy Ray and Emily Saliers)
- **alt**: Indigo Girls strumming guitars onstage
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, United States
- **genre**: Folk rock
- **years active**: 1985–present
- **label**: Epic Records, Epic
Hollywood Records, Hollywood
IG Recordings/Vanguard Records, Vanguard
- **associated acts**: Joan Baez, Michael Stipe, R.E.M. (band), R.E.M., Mary Chapin Carpenter, Ferron, disappear fear, Brandi Carlile
- **website**: [http://www.indigogirls.com/ indigogirls.com]
- **current members**: Amy Ray
Emily Saliers
Genes, Brain and Behavior

***Genes, Brain and Behavior*** (also known as _G2B_) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the fields of the genetics of behavior, the nervous system (neurogenetics), and mental illness (psychiatric genetics). It began in 2002. It is the official journal of the International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society.

## Impact

According to the _Journal Citation Reports_, its 2010 impact factor is 4.061. It was ranked 63rd out of 237 listed journals on Neurosciences, and 6th out of 48 listed journals in the category "Behavioral Sciences".

## Article categories

The journal publishes these types of articles:
Suzanne Vega

**Suzanne Nadine Vega** (born 1959 in Santa Monica, California) is an American singer, recording artist and songwriter. She is best known for her songs "Luka" and "Tom's Diner".

At the age of nine she began to write poetry. She wrote her first song at age fourteen. She attended New York's High School of Performing Arts. There she studied modern dance and graduated in 1977.

## Personal life

On March 17, 1995, Vega married Mitchell Froom, a musician and a record producer. They have a daughter, Ruby Froom (born July 8, 1994). The band Soul Coughing's _Ruby Vroom_ album was named after her. Recently Ruby sang with her mother.
Vega and Froom separated in 1998.

On February 11, 2006, Vega married Paul Mills, a lawyer and poet.

## Studio albums

|Year|Album|width="40"|UK|width="40"|U.S.|width="40"|AUS|width="40"|NZ|width="40"|GER|width="35"|FR|width="35"|SUI|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1985|style="text-align:left"|_Suzanne Vega_|11|91|23|9|54|-|-|||||||
|1987|style="text-align:left"|_Solitude Standing_|2|11|7|1|6|-|8|||||||
|1990|style="text-align:left"|_Days of Open Hand_<sup>1</sup>|7|50|74|24|16|-|19|||||||
|1992|style="text-align:left"|_99.9F°_|20|86|56|38|27|-|24|||||||
|1996|style="text-align:left"|_Nine Objects of Desire_<sup>2</sup>|43|92|-|-|43|25|23|||||||
|2001|style="text-align:left"|_Songs in Red and Gray_|100|178|-|-|53|36|47|||||||
|2007|style="text-align:left"|_Beauty & Crime_<sup>3</sup>|127|129|-|-|81|52|79|||||||
|2010|style="text-align:left"|_Close-Up Vol. 1, Love Songs_|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|||||||
|2010|style="text-align:left"|_Close-Up Vol. 2, People & Places_|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|||||||
|2011|style="text-align:left"|_Close-Up Vol. 3, States of Being_|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|||||||
|2012|style="text-align:left"|_Close-Up Vol. 4, Songs of Family_|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|||||||
|2014||||||||||||||||
|2016|_Lover, Beloved: Songs from an Evening with Carson McCullers_|||||||||||||||
|2025|_Flying with Angels_|||||||||||||||
- <sup>1</sup> Days of Open Hand made #2 in Norway albums chart
- <sup>2</sup> Nine Objects of Desire made #20 in Finland, #23 in Switzerland, #39 in Sweden
- <sup>3</sup> Beauty & Crime made #9 in Estonia, #13 in Finland, #37 in Czech Republic, #49 in Poland, #74 in Italy
- _Close-Up Vol. 2, People & Places_ Number 2 Top Purchased Album (Amazon.com) 11th October-13th October

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Suzanne Vega
- **img**: SuzanneVegaLebanonNH.jpg
- **caption**: Suzanne Vega in 2010
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Suzanne Nadine Peck
- **birth place**: Santa Monica, California, United States
- **origin**: New York City, United States
- **instrument**: human voice, Vocals, guitar
- **genre**: Alternative rock, folk rock
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter, record producer
- **years active**: 1982–present
- **label**: A&M Records, A&M
Blue Note Records, Blue Note
Amanuensis Productions
Orleans (band)

**Orleans** are an American soft rock band who were extremely popular during 1970s. Their song, _Dance with Me_ was a highly popular single, though they have had other songs.

### Studio albums

- _Orleans_ (1973)
- _Orleans II_ (1974)
- _Let There Be Music_ (1975)
- _Waking and Dreaming_ (1976)
- _Forever_ (1979)
- _Orleans_ (1980)
- _One of a Kind_ (1982)
- _Grown Up Children_ (1986)
- _Analog Men_ (1994)
- _Ride_ (1996)
- _Dancin' in the Moonlight_ (2005)
- _Obscurities_ (2008)

### Live albums

- _Live_ (1991)
- _Live Volume 2_ (1993)
- _Still the One, Live_ (2002)
- _We're Still Havin' Fun_ (2007)

### Compilations

- _The ABC Collection_ (1976)
- _Before the Dance_ (1978)
- _Love Takes Time (1986)
- _Dance with Me – The Best of Orleans_ (1997)
- _No More Than You Can Handle: A 40 Year Musical Journey_ (2013)
- _Playlist: The Very Best of Orleans'' (2017)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **background**: group_or_band
- **name**: Orleans
- **img**: Orleans Band at Fenway Park.jpg
- **caption**: National Anthem at Fenway Park in July 2006
- **origin**: Woodstock, New York, United States, U.S.
- **genre**: Rock music, Rock, Pop music, pop, soft rock
- **years active**: 1972–1997; 2001–present
- **label**: ABC Dunhill Records, ABC Dunhill, Asylum Records, Asylum, Infinity Records, Infinity, MCA Records, Radio Records, Spectra Records
- **current members**: Dennis "Fly" Amero
Lance Hoppen
Lane Hoppen
Charlie Morgan
John Hall
- **past members**: Larry Hoppen
Wells Kelly
Jerry Marotta
Bob Leinbach
Peter O'Brien
Cornus canadensis

***Cornus canadensis*** is a herbaceous member of the Cornaceae (dogwood) family. It has various common names, such as the **Bunchberry dogwood**, **Canadian Bunchberry**, **Quatre-temps**, or **Crackerberry**. It is a widespread plant of the northern hemisphere.

It grows about 20–30 cm tall and bears tiny flowers a few millimetres across. They form an inflorescence at the center of four white, petal-like bracts 3–4 cm diameter.

Each flower has highly elastic petals that flip backward, releasing springy filaments that are cocked underneath the petals. The filaments snap upward flinging pollen out  in less than half a millisecond. The pollen experiences a force two to three thousand times the force of gravity.  The Bunchberry has one of the fastest plant actions found so far. It needs a camera capable of shooting 10,000 frames per second to catch the action.

- "One of the fastest actions in the plant world is the explosive opening of flowers on the bunchberry dogwood, which happens in just under 0.5 milliseconds. As the flowers burst open, the petals quickly separate and flip back, exposing the stamens. During the first 0.3 milliseconds, researchers have calculated the stamens are exposed to a force 800 times greater than astronauts experience during blast-off. The mechanism, it is understood, allows pollen to be thrown upwards in order for it to be transported by the wind".

In other words, it is a mechanism for cross-pollination by air.

The fruits are edible with a mild flavour somewhat like apples.  The large seeds within are somewhat hard and crunchy. Birds are the main dispersal agents of the seeds, consuming the fruit during their fall migration. In Alaska, bunchberry is an important forage plant for mule deer, black-tailed deer and moose, which consume it throughout the growing season.

Where bunchberry, a forest species, and _Cornus suecica,_ a bog species, grow near each other in their overlapping ranges in Alaska, Labrador, and Greenland, they can Hybrid ize by cross-pollination, producing plants with intermediate characteristics.
Billy Ocean

**Billy Ocean**  (born **Leslie Sebastian Charles**; 21 January 1950) is a singer, songwriter,  record producer, recording artist and musician. He was born in Fyzabad, Trinidad to Grenadan parents. He has many hit singles. Most were put out in the 1980s.

On 20 October 2010, Ocean was presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award at the MOBO Awards in London.

On 29 July 2011, Ocean became a Companion of the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts. His title was presented by Sir Paul McCartney.

In 2012, Ocean made a cameo in the British comedy film _Keith Lemon: The Film_ as Lemon's father. In January 2016, Ocean appeared on _The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon_ to perform some of his hits as part of a promo tour for his new album. Ocean toured the UK during March and April 2017.

Ocean recorded a new studio album in mid-2019 at Eve Studios in Stockport, working again with producer Barry Eastmond as co-writer. The album _One World_ was to be released on 17 April 2020. After a delay, it was later released on 4 September 2020.

## Studio albums

|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"|Title|scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"|Album details|scope="col" colspan="10"|Peak chart positions|scope="col" rowspan="2"|Certifications|||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|*Released: 1976 *Label: GTO|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||
|*Released: 1980 *Label: GTO|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||
|*Released: 1981 *Label: GTO / Epic|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|152||
|*Released: 1982 *Label: Epic|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||
|*Released: 12 September 1984 *Label: Jive|9|13|14|10|43|23|35|—|—|9|*UK: Gold *CAN: 3× Platinum *US: 2× Platinum|
|*Released: 1986 *Label: Jive|2|8|3|10|33|7|8|7|16|6|*UK: Gold *CAN: 2× Platinum *US: 2× Platinum|
|*Released: January 1988 *Label: Jive|3|13|8|24|17|18|7|14|10|18|*UK: Gold *CAN: Platinum *US: Platinum|
|*Released: March 1993 *Label: Jive|—|—|—|—|—|81|—|—|—|—||
|*Released: 2 February 2009 *Label: Aqua Music|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—|—||
|align="center" colspan="15" style="font-size:8pt"|"—" denotes the album failed to chart or was not released in that country|||||||||||

## Other websites

- Billy Ocean official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Billy Ocean
- **img**: Billy Ocean in january 2012.jpg
- **caption**: In January 2012
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Leslie Sebastian Charles
- **birth place**: Fyzabad, Trinidad
- **origin**: Romford, London, England
- **genre**: Rhythm and blues, R&B, funk, Soul music, soul
- **occupation**: Singing, Singer, songwriter
- **instrument**: Vocals, steel drums, guitar
- **years active**: 1972–present
- **label**: GTO Records, GTO,  Epic Records, Epic, Jive Records, Jive, Aqua Music
- **website**: [http://www.billyocean.co.uk/ www.billyocean.co.uk]
Emil Cioran

**Emil Mihai Cioran** (, ; 8 April 1911 – 20 June 1995) was a Romanian philosopher and essayist. He was known for his antinatalism, pessimism, skepticism, nihilism, and gnosticism. His works often depict an atmosphere of torment, a state that Cioran himself experienced, and came to be dominated by lyricism.

### Romanian

- _Pe culmile disperării_
- _Cartea amăgirilor_
- _Schimbarea la faţă a României_
- _Lacrimi şi Sfinţi_
- _Îndreptar pătimaş_

### French

- _Mon pays/Ţara mea_
- _Précis de décomposition_
- _Syllogismes de l'amertume_
- _La tentation d'exister_
- _Histoire et utopie_
- _La chute dans le temps_
- _Le mauvais démiurge_
- _De l'inconvénient d'être né_
- _Exercices d'admiration_
- _Cahiers_
- _Œuvres_
- _Des larmes et des saints _
- _Sur les cimes du désespoir_
- _Le crépuscule des pensées_
- _Jadis et naguère_
- _Valéry face à ses idoles_
- _De la France_
- _Transfiguration de la Roumanie_
- _Cahier Cioran_
The Angels

The **Angels** are an American girl group who had most of the popularity in the 1960s. Their song _My Boyfriend's Back_ hit #1 in 1963, although the band has had many other songs.

## Members

- Barbara Allbut Brown
- Phyllis Allbut Sirico
- Peggy Santiglia Ricker
- Bernadette Carroll

## Albums

- ...And the Angels Sing (1962)
- My Boyfriend’s Back (1963)
- A Halo to You (1964)
- Love, The Angels (2008)
Nick Nolte

**Nicholas King Nolte** (born February 8, 1941) is an American actor. He has acted in many movies, including the dramas _I'll Do Anything_ and _Blue Chips_. Nolte has won a Golden Globe Award.

Nolte was born in Omaha, Nebraska on February 8, 1941. Nolte was educated at the University of Arizona. Nolte was married three times; first to Sheila Page from 1966 until they divorced in 1970. Second he married Sharyn Haddad from 1978 until they divorced in 1983. Lastly he married Rebecca Linger from 1984 until they divorced in 1994.

He was partners with; Karen Louise Ecklund from 1970 until they separated in 1977. Then he was partners with Vicki Lewis from 1994 until they separated in 2003. He is currently partners with Clytie Lane since 2003. With Linger Nolte has a son Brawley Nolte, and with Lane he has a daughter Sophie Lan Nolte.

### Live-Action Roles

- _The Mandalorian_ - Kuiil
- _Angel Has Fallen_ - Clay Banning
- _Tropic Thunder_ - Four Leaf Tayback

### Film Roles

- _Bee Movie_ - Vincent
- _Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore_ - Butch
- _Chicago 10_ - Thomas Foran
- _Over the Hedge_ - Vincent
- _Woody's Roundup: The Movie_ - Bank Robber
- _Zookeeper_ - Bernie the Gorilla

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nick Nolte
- **image**: NickNolte(cannesPhotocall).jpg
- **caption**: Nolte in 2000
- **birth name**: Nicholas King Nolte
- **birth place**: Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1969–present
- **children**: 2
Nu Shooz

**Nu Shooz** are an R&B group based in Portland, Oregon.They formed in 1979. They released many records in the 1980s. However, they did not hit the mainstream until after their 1986 album _Poolside_ was released. The song _I Can't Wait_ was among their many hit songs. In 1988 the band broke up. In 2007 they got back together.
Edwin Starr

**Edwin Starr** (January 21, 1942 – April 2, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He had many hit songs. His most notable song was _War_. The song sold over one million copies. He was very popular in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Starr was an African American who was born in Nashville and grew up in Cleveland.

On April 2, 2003, at the age of 61, Starr suffered a heart attack and died while taking a bath at his home in Bramcote near Nottingham.  He left a wife, Annette Mary Hatcher, a son André Hatcher, and two grandchildren Alonté Renfroe and Maryah Hatcher.

## Albums

- _Soul Master_ (1965)
- _25 Miles_ (1969) (#73 US) (#9 R&B)
- _War and Peace_ (1970) (#52 US)(#9 R&B)
- _Involved_ (1971) (# 178 US)(# 45 R&B)
- _Hell Up in Harlem_ (1974)
- _Free to Be Myself_ (1975) (#43 R&B) (#210 US)
- _Clean_ (1979) (#80 US) (#22 R&B)
- _Happy Radio_ (1979) (#115 US) (#44 R&B)
- _Stronger Than You Think I Am_ (1979) (#203 US)
- _For Sale_ (1983)

## Other websites

- Official site

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Edwin Starr
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Charles Edwin Hatcher
- **birth place**: Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- **death place**: Bramcote, Nottinghamshire, England
- **origin**: Detroit, Michigan, United States
- **genre**: Soul music, Soul, disco, Rhythm and blues, R&B, psychedelic soul, funk
- **occupation**: Singer songwriter
- **years active**: 1951–2003
- **label**: Ric-Tic
Motown Records, Motown
20th Century Records
- **associated acts**: The Future Tones, Blinky Williams
Blackstreet

**Blackstreet** is an American R&B group. It began around 1991. It was created through Teddy Riley. The group was very strong during the 1990s. Their songs included "No Diggity" and "Booty Call".

## Albums

- Blackstreet (1994)
- Another Level (1996)
- Finally (1999)
- Level II (2003)

## Tours

- Blackstreet Tour (1994-1995)
- Another Level Tour (1997)
- Finally Tour (1999-2000)
- Level II Tour (2003-2004)
The Bartons Arms

**The Bartons Arms** is a pub in the Newtown neighborhood of Aston, Birmingham.  It is in the country of England.

The pub was built in 1901. It had special walls built that let middle class people drinking in the bar see the working class drinkers on the other side, but the working class drinkers could not see the middle-class people watching them. Laurel and Hardy visited the pub. There are photographs of them serving beer to bar visitors.

The Bartons Arms is in the movie _Felicia's Journey_ and a book, _The Last Viking: The Untold Story of the World's Greatest Heist,_ by Ron Dawson. In 2006 the pub had a fire due to electrical problems. In the 2011 England riots the pub was attacked.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Astonbrook through Astonmanor - Photographs and plans

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: The Bartons Arms
- **image**: The Barton Arms, Newtown - geograph.org.uk - 1671637.jpg
- **caption**: The Bartons Arms in January 2010, with The Drum behind it and to the right
- **building type**: Public house
- **location**: Aston, Birmingham, England
- **architect**: James and Lister Lea
- **awards**: Listed building, Grade II* listed
R. G. Armstrong

**Robert Golden "R. G." Armstrong, Jr.** (April 7, 1917  July 27, 2012) was an American movie, stage, television actor, and playwright.

### Early life

Armstrong was born on April 7, 1917 in Pleasant Grove, Alabama and raised in on a small farm near Birmingham, Alabama. Armstrong was educated at Howard College and went to University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with late actor John Forsythe and late actor and friend Andy Griffith. After graduation, he attended the Actors' Studio.

### Career

Armstrong's career began in 1959 when he starred in the movie _The Fugitive Kind_ and later appeared in other movies like; _El Dorado_, _Race with the Devil_, _The Car_, _Dick Tracy_, _Predator_, and his final movie _Purgatory_.

### Personal life

Armstrong was married to Ann Neale from 1952 until they divorced in 1972, they had four children. Later he married Susan M. Guthrie from 1973 until they divorced in 1976. Lastly he married Mary Craven from 1993 until she died in 2003.

### Death

Armstrong died on July 27, 2012 in his home in Studio City, California from natural causes. He was 95. He is survived by his four children from his first marriage.

## Movies

- _The Fugitive Kind_ (1959)
- _Ride the High Counrty_ (1962)
- _Major Dundee_ (1965)
- _El Dorado_ (1966)
- _The Great White Hope_ (1970)
- _The Ballard of Cable Hogue_ (1970)
- _J. W. Coop_ (1972)
- _The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid_ (1972)
- _Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid_ (1973)
- _My Name is Nobody_ (1973)
- _White Lightning_ (1973)
- _White Line Fever_ (1975)
- _Race with the Devil_ (1975)
- _Stay Hungry_ (1976)
- _The Car_ (1977)
- _Heavan Can Wait_ (1978)
- _The Time Machine_ (1978)
- _Fast Charlie...the Moonbeam Rider_ (1979)
- _Reds_ (1981)
- _Lone Wolf McQuade_ (1983)
- _Children of the Corn_ (1984)
- _The Best of Times_ (1986)
- _Red Headed Stranger_ (1986)
- _Predator_ (1987)
- _Jocks_ (1987)
- _Dick Tracy_ (1990)
- _Purgatory_ (1990)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: R. G. Armstrong
- **image**: R. G. Armstrong in T.H.E. Cat.jpg
- **birth name**: Robert Golden Armstrong, Jr.
- **birth place**: Pleasant Grove, Alabama, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Studio City, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Natural causes
- **nationality**: American
- **years active**: 1954  2001
- **occupation**: Actor, playwright
- **education**: Howard College
- **alma mater**: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Actors' Studio
- **spouse**: Ann Neale
(1952  1972; divorced),
Susan M. Guthrie
(1973  1976; divorced),
Mary Craven
(1993  2003; her death)
- **children**: 4
Kate Jackson

**Catherine Elise "Kate" Jackson** (born October 29, 1948 in Birmingham, Alabama) is an American actress. She has acted in many movies and television programs. She was in _Charlie's Angels_ during the 1970s to early 1980s.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lucy Kate Jackson
- **image**: File:Kate Jackson 1976.JPG
- **caption**: Lucy Kate Jackson in 1976
- **birth name**: Lucy Kate Jackson
- **birth place**: Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- **education**: University of Mississippi (withdrawn)
Birmingham Southern College (withdrawn)
American Academy of Dramatic Arts
- **known for**: _Charlie's Angels_
_Scarecrow and Mrs. King_
_Limbo (1972 film), Limbo_
- **height**: 175 cm
- **spouse**:

- **partner**: Edward Albert (mid-1970s)
- **children**: 1
Chick-fil-A

**Chick-fil-A** is an American fast food restaurant chain. The franchise is based in Atlanta and has places in parts of the United States.

## History

S. Truett Cathy opened a restaurant called the Dwarf Grill (now known as the Dwarf house) in Atlanta, in 1946. In 1961, he found a fryer that is quicker in frying the chicken. After the discovery, he changed the name to Chick-fil-A inc. The slogan, "_We Didn't Invent the Chicken, Just the Chicken Sandwich_" refers to their top menu item, the chicken sandwich.

The first Chick-fil-A opened in 1967, in the Greenbriar mall in Atlanta.

## Menu

Chicken sandwiches are the most popular item. However, in 2018, waffle fries were the most ordered item. Chick-fil-A's website lists all the menu options.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Chick-fil-A, Inc.
- **logo**: Chick-fil-A Logo.svg
- **logo size**: 145px
- **type**: Private
- **industry**: Restaurants
- **foundation**:
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- **location city**: College Park, Georgia
- **locations**: 3,059 stores (2024)
- **key people**: Dan T. Cathy, Chairman/CEO
S. Truett Cathy,
Founder
- **products**: Sandwiches, Chicken (food), chicken entrées
- **revenue**: United States dollar, US$9 billion (2017)
- **website**: [https://www.chick-fil-a.com/ chick-fil-a.com]
- **location country**: United States
Richard Dreyfuss

**Richard Stephen Dreyfuss** (born October 29, 1947) is an American actor.

## Early life

Dreyfuss was born on October 29, 1947 in Brooklyn, New York to Norman Dreyfuss, a lawyer, and to Geraldine Dreyfuss, a peace activist. Dreyfuss was raised Bayside, Queens, New York. Dreyfuss and his family first moved to Europe, because his father disliked New York City. Later they moved to Los Angeles, California when he was just 9 years old. He was educated at Beverly Hills High School.

## Career

His career began during the late 1960s. He has appeared in movies such as _American Graffiti_, _Inserts_, _Jaws_, _Close Encounters of the Third Kind_, _The Goodbye Girl_, _Whose Life Is It Anyway?_, _Moon over Parador_, _Always_, _What About Bob?_, _Poseidon_, _Mr. Holland's Opus_, and _James and the Giant Peach_.

### Awards

Dreyfuss won an Academy Award for Best Actor in 1977 for his role in _The Goodbye Girl_ and was nominated for another Academy Award for Best Actor in 1995 for his role in _Mr. Holland's Opus_. He has won a Golden Globe Award, BAFTA Award, and in 2002 he was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award.

## Personal life

Dreyfuss was married to Jeramie Rain from 1983 until they divorced in 1995; they had three children. In 1999, he married Janelle Lacey; they divorced in 2005. He married Svetlana Erokin in 2006. They currently live in Carlsbad, California and in Encinitas, California.

### Health

Dreyfuss suffers from bipolar disorder. In 2006, he appeared in Stephen Fry's documentary _Stephen Fry: The Secret Life of the Manic Depressive_, which documented Stephen Fry's life with the disease.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Richard Dreyfuss Cannes 2013.jpg
- **caption**: Dreyfuss in 2013
- **birth name**: Richard Stephen Dreyfus
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, New York, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1964–present
- **children**: 3
Paradise Valley, Montana

**Paradise Valley** is a major river valley of the Yellowstone River in southwestern Montana.  It is just north of Yellowstone National Park in Park County, Montana.  The Absaroka Range is on the east and the Gallatin Range on the west.

The Paradise Valley is separated from the Gallatin Valley and Bozeman, Montana by the Bozeman Pass.  The valley lies mostly along a north-south axis.  It is anchored to the north by Livingston, Montana and to the south by Yankee Jim Canyon which is about fifteen miles north of Gardiner, Montana.

The Paradise Valley was the original entrance to Yellowstone National Park.  Today, the other entrances to the park are at West Yellowstone, Montana from the west, from the northeast at Cooke City-Silver Gate, Montana, from the east at Cody, Wyoming, and from the south at Grand Teton National Park and Jackson, Wyoming.

The Yellowstone River flows through the valley.  It is noted for world-class fly fishing in the river and nearby spring creeks such as DePuy Spring Creek. The valley has other natural wonders such as several natural hot springs, including Chico Hot Springs near Emigrant, Montana, La Duke Hot Springs near Gardiner, and Hunter's Hot Springs near Livingston.

Emigrant Peak is the largest peak near the valley.  It is  in elevation. It is in the southern part of the valley on the eastern side of the river.  It is in the Absaroka mountain range.

## Notable residents

- Al Agnew
- Peter Fonda, actor/director
- Margot Kidder, actress
- Church Universal and Triumphant, religious organization
- Christopher Paolini, writer
- Richard Brautigan, poet
- John Mayer, singer-songwriter
- Jeff Bridges, actor
- Patrick Markey, producer
- Casey Anderson, Grizzly Bear specialist, animal magnet
- Missi Pyle, Actress
- Al Feldstein, Mad Magazine founder
- Dennis Quaid, Actor
Hardee's

**Hardee's** is an American fast food franchise. It began on September 3, 1960. It operates mainly across the Midwestern States of the United States. The restaurant sells hamburgers, chicken strips and French fries. Wilbur Hardee was the founder of Hardee's.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Hardee's Food Systems Inc.
- **image**: Hardee's, Macclenny.JPG
- **image caption**: Hardee's
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **founder**: Wilber Hardee
- **key people**: Andrew Puzder, former CEO
- **industry**: Restaurants
- **products**: Fast food (including hamburgers, french fries, and milkshakes)
- **parent**: CKE Restaurants
 (1997–present)
- **foundation**:
Rocky Mount, North Carolina, Rocky Mount, North Carolina, United States, U.S.
- **location**: Franklin, Tennessee
- **locations**: 1,944 (January 2013), and 5,812 (February 2016)
- **homepage**: [http://www.hardees.com hardees.com]
Easy Rider

***Easy Rider*** is a 1969 American road movie directed by Dennis Hopper, and written by Hopper, Peter Fonda and Terry Southern. It tells the story of two bikers who travel through the American Southwest and South for freedom. The success of the movie helped spark the New Hollywood phase of movie making during the early 1970s. The movie was added to the Library of Congress National Registry in 1998.

The movie was said to be a counterculture movie. _Easy Rider_ explores the societal landscape, issues, and tensions in the United States during the 1960s, such as the rise and fall of the hippie movement, drug use, and communal lifestyle.

_Easy Rider_ is famous for its use of real drugs in its portrayal of marijuana and other substances.

## Awards and honors

Hopper received the First Film Award (_Prix de la première œuvre_) at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival. At the Academy Awards, Nicholson was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. The movie was also nominated for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay Based on Material Not Previously Published or Produced.

The movie is at number 88 on the American Film Institute's list of 100 Years, 100 Movies.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Easy Rider
- **director**: Dennis Hopper
- **producer**: Peter Fonda
- **writer**: Peter Fonda
Dennis Hopper
Terry Southern
- **starring**: Peter Fonda
Dennis Hopper
Jack Nicholson
- **music**: Roger McGuinn
- **cinematography**: László Kovács (cinematographer), Laszlo Kovacs
- **editing**: Donn Cambern
- **studio**: Raybert Productions
Pando Company Inc.
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **runtime**: 94 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $360,000
- **gross**: $41,728,598
Gaby Hoffmann

**Gabriella "Gaby" Hoffmann** (born January 8, 1982) is an American movie and television series actress who also did some commercials. She starred in the 1988 comedy _Uncle Buck_ and _Field of Dreams_, a 1989 movie.
Bob Newhart

**George Robert Newhart** (September 5, 1929 – July 18, 2024) was an American actor and stand up comedian. He performed on many television sitcoms. One of them was his self-titled sitcom _The Bob Newhart Show_ and other one _Newhart_. He also appeared in the Christmas comedy movie _Elf_.

In 2011, Newhart made a cameo in the movie _Horrible Bosses_, and in 2013 he guest starred in an episode of _The Big Bang Theory_, for which he won his very first acting Emmy Award on September 15, 2013.

Newhart was born in Oak Park, Illinois on September 5, 1929. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. Newhart studied at Loyola University at Chicago. He served in the United States Army before his acting career began. Newhart married Virginia "Ginnie" Quinn in 1963. She died in 2023. They had four children.

Newhart died on July 18, 2024 at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 94.

## Movies

|Year|Title|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1962|_Hell Is for Heroes_|Pfc. James E. Driscoll|A World War II drama with a comedic monologue by Newhart|
|1968|_Hot Millions_|Willard C. Gnatpole||
|1970|_On A Clear Day You Can See Forever_|Dr. Mason Hume||
|_Catch-22_|Maj. Major Major|||
|1971|_Cold Turkey_|Merwin Wren||
|1977|_The Rescuers_|Bernard|voice|
|1980|_Little Miss Marker_|Regret||
|_First Family_|President Manfred Link|||
|1990|_The Rescuers Down Under_|Bernard|voice|
|1991|_The Entertainers_|Todd Wilson||
|1997|_In & Out_|Tom Halliwell||
|1998|_Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Movie_|Leonard the Polar Bear|voice|
|2003|_Legally Blonde 2: Red, White & Blonde_|Sid Post||
|_Elf_|Papa Elf|||
|2004|_The Librarian: Quest for the Spear_|Judson||
|2006|_The Librarian: Return to King Solomon's Mines_|||
|2008|_The Librarian: Curse of the Judas Chalice_|||
|2011|_Horrible Bosses_|Lou Sherman|cameo|

## Other websites

- Bob Newhart profile from _American Masters_
- Archive of American Television Interview with Bob Newhart May 29, 2001 on Google Video
- Bob:The Last Interview
- Bob Newhart four-part interview with Horace J. Digby on A3Radio
Della Reese

**Della Reese** (July 6, 1931 – November 19, 2017) was an American singer, (television) actress, and Christian minister. She started acting in the 1950s. She was best known for performing as Tess in the CBS drama _Touched by an Angel_ (which began September 1994 and ended in 2003). She was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Reese died of complications from diabetes on November 19, 2017 in Encino, California at the age of 86.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Della Reese
- **background**: solo_singer
- **image**: Della Reese 1977.JPG
- **caption**: Della Reese in 1977
- **birth name**: Delloreese Patricia Early
- **birth place**: Black Bottom, Detroit, Black Bottom, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- **death place**: Encino, California, Encino, California, United States
- **genre**: Gospel music, Gospel, Pop music, pop, jazz, Rhythm and blues, R&B, traditional pop
- **occupation**: Singing, Singer, actress, Ordination, minister, game show panelist
- **years active**: 1953–2017
- **label**: Jubilee Records
RCA Records
- **associated acts**: Mahalia Jackson
Erskine Hawkins
June Carter Cash

**Valerie June Carter Cash** (June 23, 1929 - May 15, 2003) was an American singer, actress, and dancer. She was the second wife of singer Johnny Cash. She and Johnny had many hit records in their careers. She died due to complications of surgery. Her widower, Johnny, died four months after her. She was the cousin of President of the United States Jimmy Carter.

## Early life

June Carter Cash was born Valerie June Carter in Maces Spring, Virginia, to Maybelle Carter and Ezra Carter.  She was born into country music and performed with the Carter Family from the age of ten, beginning in 1939. June and her sisters, with mother Maybelle and aunt Sara joining in from time to time, reclaimed the name _The Carter Family_ for their act during the 1960s and 1970s.

## Personal life

Carter was married three times and had one child with each husband. All three of her children would go on to have successful careers in country music. Her last marriage was to Johnny Cash. In 1968, Cash proposed to Carter during a live performance at the London Ice House in London, Ontario, Canada.  They married on March 1 in Franklin, Kentucky, and remained married until her death in May 2003, just four months before Cash died.  The couple's son, John Carter Cash, is a musician, songwriter and producer.

### Death

June Carter Cash died in Nashville, Tennessee, on May 15, 2003, of complications following heart-valve replacement surgery, in the company of her family and her husband of 35 years, Johnny Cash.

## Related pages

- List of country musicians from Virginia

## Other websites

- .
- .
- .
- .
- .

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: June Carter Cash
- **image**: JuneCarterAtGrandOleOpry1999.jpg
- **caption**: Carter playing at the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, Tennessee, July 1999
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Valerie June Carter
- **death place**: Nashville, Tennessee, United States, USA
- **origin**: Hiltons, Virginia, USA
- **instrument**: lead singer, Vocals, guitar, banjo, harmonica, autoharp
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **occupation**: Singer-songwriter, actress, dancer
- **years active**: 1939–2003
- **associated acts**: Carter Family, Johnny Cash
Tanya Roberts

**Tanya Roberts** (born **Victoria Leigh Blum**; October 15, 1949 – January 4, 2021) was an American actress, producer, and model. She appeared in many movies and television series. Roberts was born in Bronx, New York, and has both an English and a Jewish background.

She was known for her role as Julie Rogers on the fifth and final season of _Charlie's Angels_ (1980–81) and as Midge Pinciotti on _That '70s Show_ (1998–2001). She was a Bond girl in _A View to a Kill_ (1985).

On December 24, 2020, Roberts collapsed suddenly at her home in Los Angeles. She was hospitalized under critical condition at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and she developed a urinary tract infection and sepsis. Roberts died on January 4, 2021 from multiple organ failure at aged 71.
Derek Tsang

**Derek Tsang**(曾國祥, born 8 November 1979) is an actor, director and screenwriter from Hong Kong. He is Eric Tsang's son. He appeared in _The Thieves_ movie.

## Other websites

- Official blog
Gabrielle Union

**Gabrielle Union** (born October 29, 1972 in Omaha, Nebraska) is an American movie actress and model. She has starred in many movies including "Tyler Perry's Daddy's Little Girls" and "Good Deeds".  She also was in the 2003 movie _Bad Boys II_ with Martin Lawrence and Will Smith. She recently starred in the Netflix original _The Perfect Find_ with _Keith Powers_.

Gabrielle is currently married to Dwyane Wade with a daughter, Kaavia James.
William John Macquorn Rankine

**William John Macquorn Rankine** (born July 5, 1820 in Edinburgh – died December 24, 1872 in Glasgow) was a Scottish  physicist and engineer.  He developed the Rankine scale. He made many important contributions to the thermodynamics. His manuals of engineering science and practice were used for many decades after their publication, in the 1850s and 1860s.

### Books

- _Manual of Applied Mechanics_, (1858)
- _Manual of the Steam Engine and Other Prime Movers_, (1859)
- _Manual of Civil Engineering_, (1861)
- _Shipbuilding, theoretical and practical_, (1866)
- _Manual of Machinery and Millwork_, (1869)