juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ski jumping

**Ski jumping** is, mostly, a winter sport performed on snow where skiers go down a take-off ramp, jump forward and land as far as possible down the hill below. Judges give points both for length of the jump and for the jump style. The skis used for ski jumping are wide and long (). Ski jumping is a part of the Winter Olympic Games.
True ski jumping originates in Norway in 1809 when a Norwegian lieutenant launched himself 9.5 metres in the air in front of his soldiers. The first widely known ski jumping competition was held in Oslo in 1879, with Olaf Haugann of Norway setting the first world record for the longest ski jump at 20 metres(meters)

Ski jump techniques are divided into four sections; 1) In-run, 2) Take-off (jump), 3) Flight and 4) Landing. In each part the athlete is required to pay attention to and practice a particular technique in order to maximize his or her length and style marks.

## Related pages

- Skiing

## Infobox (sport)

- **name**: Ski jumping
- **image**: FIS Ski Weltcup Titisee-Neustadt 2016 - Peter Prevc1.jpg
- **imagesize**: 270
- **caption**: Peter Prevc in Hochfirst Ski Jump, Titisee-Neustadt, March 2016
- **union**: International Ski Federation <small>(FIS)</small>
- **first**: 22 November 1808
Olaf Rye,
Eidsberg church, Eidsberg, Norway
- **team**: Individual (50)
 Individual (40)
Team event (4)
Super Team event (2)
- **category**: Nordic skiing
- **equipment**: Skis
- **venue**: Ski jumping hill
- **olympic**: 1924 Winter Olympics, 1924 <small>(men)</small>
2014 Winter Olympics, 2014 <small>(women)</small>
2022 Winter Olympics, 2022 <small>(mixed team)</small>
- **world**: FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1925, 1925 <small>(men's nordic)</small>
FIS Ski Flying World Championships 1972, 1972 <small>(ski flying)</small>
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009, 2009 <small>(women's nordic)</small>
Ahura Mazda

**Ahura Mazdā** (also known as **Ohrmazd**, **Ahuramazda**, **Hormazd**, **Aramazd** and **Azzandara**) is the Avestan name for what Zoroastrians believe is the Supreme, the creator of all good and all good things including people.
Angra Mainyu

Zoroastrians believe that Ahura Mazda, the creator of all supreme beings, is opposed by **Angra Mainyu** or the destructive spirit, the creator of all evil things.
Limousine

A limousine, or limo for short, is a large, nice vehicle driven by a chauffeur (someone who drives for work). The driver and the passenger are split by a partition (a wall that can be opened and closed), which is used by hand or a button. A _stretch limousine_ is a nice vehicle that is longer than normal, and driven by a professional. In some countries like the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service can refer to any car with a driver, not always a nice vehicle. In these countries, ‘limousine services’ are airport shuttle services, even if they use other vehicles.

In the modern world, limousines are used for many purposes. They are commonly used for travel to and from airports, for weddings, for parties, for business trips, and for other special events. Some services monitor flight schedules so that drivers can meet passengers when flights are delayed.

Limousines may vary in size and type. Standard sedans are often used for small groups or business travel. Stretch limousines are longer cars that can carry more passengers and are frequently used for celebrations. Some limousines are sport utility vehicles or vans, which can carry larger groups. Modern limousines may have partitions, entertainment systems, and other comfort features to improve the passenger experience. The vehicles are typically well-maintained and driven by trained chauffeurs.
KT Tunstall

**Katherine Victoria "Katie" Tunstall**, also known as **KT Tunstall** (born 23 June 1975), is a Scottish singer and songwriter. She was born in St Andrews, Fife. Her father is Irish; her mother is half-Chinese, half-Scottish. She was adopted when she was 18 days old. She has had many hit songs, including, "Black Horse and the Cherry Tree"'.
Self-synchronizing code

**Self-synchronizing code** is a special kind of line code that is easy to _synchronize_ (having two computers "stay in time with" each other when "communicating"). Code like this happens in telecommunications.

Information on computers is made from binary bits - 0's and 1's (OFFs and ONs). This means that when a computer is being "communicated to", it must "listen" for bits at the correct speed by staying _synchronized_, or else there will be a misunderstanding. A computer needs to notice misunderstandings immediately, so that wrong things don't happen.

Confusion can happen when two signals combine or misalign, so it's helpful for different "words" in a code to be _unique_ from each other.

## Example

- Imagine a language with the only "letters" being **0** and **1**, and no spaces or other symbols.
- This language only has "words" with exactly two letters.
    - This means that computers "reading" this language would start "reading" the "sentence" at the first two letters, then the next two letters, and so on.
- Two computers, Alice and Bob, have to say the sentence 1100001100 to each other, and it needs to be understood as .
    - Alice says the sentence to Bob correctly.
    - Bob's "sentence" gets **de-synchronized** on its way to Alice, and the first "letter" gets chopped off. This turns the "sentence" into 100001100.

## Code A: self-synchronizing

Imagine the language only has the words  and .
- Alice's sentence 1100001100 is heard by Bob as "11, 00, 00, 11, 00", meaning .
- When Bob's sentence 100001100 is heard by Alice as "10, 00, 01, 10, 0",  Alice knows there's been a misunderstanding at the very beginning, because "10" is not a word in its "language" code.

**Code A _is_ self-synchronizing, because its "words" are very different from each other, and _hard_ to confuse with each other.**

## Code B: not self-synchronizing

Imagine the language has the words , , and .
- Alice's sentence 1100001100 is heard by Bob as "11, 00, 00, 11, 00", meaning .
- When Bob's sentence 100001100 is heard by Alice as "10, 00, 01, 10, 0", it doesn't realize there's been a misunderstanding until it hears the third "word" "01". By that time, it's already heard .

**Code B is _not_ self-synchronizing, because its "words" are too similar to each other, and _easy_ to confuse with each other.**
Call of Duty: Black Ops

***Call of Duty: Black Ops*** is a first-person shooter video game made by Treyarch. It is published by Activision. It is available for Xbox 360, Windows , PS3,  Wii and most recently, Xbox One.

Within 24 hours of the game going on sale, It sold more than 7 million copies, 5.6 million in the U.S. and 1.4 million in the U.K., breaking the record which was set by its predecessor Modern Warfare 2 by 2.5 million copies. The game's setting is in the Cold War. In Cuba, the game has been condemned from release because it features a special forces member trying and failing to kill a young Fidel Castro, killing instead a body-double. The game was also supposed to be banned in Germany because of graphic violence.

There are three modes of play. These are _campaign_, _multiplayer_ and _zombies_.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (vg)

- **image**: Call of Duty Black Ops logo.svg
- **title**: Call of Duty: Black Ops
- **developer**: Treyarch
n-Space (DS)
- **publisher**: Activision
Astyr Media
- **designer**: Brandon Marino (creative director), YoungMo Byun (multiplayer design director), Geoff McCulloch (lead designer)
- **engine**: IW engine
- **released**: Worldwide: November 9, 2010
Japan: November 18, 2010 (with subtitles)
- **genre**: First-person shooter
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer, Cooperative gameplay, co-op
Pitfall!

***Pitfall!*** is a 1982 platforming video game made by Activision for Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Atari 8-bit, ColecoVision, Commodore 64, Intellivision and the Sega SG-1000. The game was a best seller for the Atari 2600, with over 4 million copies sold.

In this game, the player has to move a character who is known as Harry through a maze-like jungle where he has to attempt to recover 32 treasures in a 20-minute time period. The player has to avoid many hazards including pits, quicksand, rolling logs, fire, rattlesnakes, scorpions, and crocodiles.

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Activision
- **publisher**: Activision
- **designer**: David Crane
- **engine**: IW engine
- **released**: September 1982
- **genre**: Platform game, Platforming
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player
- **platforms**: Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Atari 8-bit, ColecoVision, Commodore 64, Intellivision, Sega SG-1000
Alexei Zhamnov

**Alexei Yuryevich Zhamnov** (born October 1, 1970 in Moscow, URS) is a Russian retired professional ice hockey centre. He is currently the head coach for the KHL's Vityaz Chekhov. Zhamnov played a combined 14 seasons in the NHL with four teams, 4 while part of the Winnipeg Jets, 8 while part of the Chicago Blackhawks, 1 while part of the Philadelphia Flyers and 1 while part of the Boston Bruins.

Zhamnov was also the captain of the Chicago Blackhawks from 2002-2004.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Alexei Zhamnov
- **played for**: Boston Bruins
Philadelphia Flyers
Chicago Blackhawks
Winnipeg Jets (1972–96), Winnipeg Jets
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **image size**: 200px
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 187
- **birth place**: Moscow, Soviet Union, URS
- **draft**: 77th overall
- **draft year**: 1990
- **draft team**: Winnipeg Jets (1972–96), Winnipeg Jets
- **career start**: 1992
- **career end**: 2006
Jenny McCarthy

**Jennifer Ann McCarthy**, known as **Jenny McCarthy**, is an American model, actress, writer and activist. She was born on November 1, 1972 in Evergreen Park, Illinois. She was raised in West Elsdon, Chicago.

## Career

She started her career as a Playboy model in 1993. She later became an actress, comedian, author and supposed autism activist who has no insight into what causes autism. In 2013 McCarthy hosted a show called _The Jenny McCarthy Show_ for one season.

## Activism

McCarthy has made controversial but unproven claims that vaccines lead to autism. She said that chelation therapy helped cure her son of autism.

## Personal life

McCarthy married John Mallory Asher in 1999. The couple's son, Evan Joseph was born in 2002. In 2005, Evan was diagnosed with autism. the couple divorced in 2005. She lived with Jim Carrey; the couple split in 2010. She married Donnie Wahlberg in 2014.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jenny McCarthy Wahlberg
- **image**: Jenny McCarthy at E3 2006.jpg
- **alt**: McCarthy smiling and wearing a headset microphone
- **caption**: McCarthy in May 2006
- **birth name**: Jennifer Ann McCarthy
- **birth place**: Evergreen Park, Illinois, Evergreen Park, Illinois, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, comedian, model, author, activist, talk show host
- **yearsactive**: 1993–present
- **spouse**:

- **domesticpartner**: Jim Carrey (2005–10)
- **children**: Evan Asher
- **relatives**: Melissa McCarthy (cousin), Joanne McCarthy (sister)
Nellee Hooper

**Nellee Hooper** (born 1963, Bristol, England) is a British producer/remixer/composer best known for his work with Björk, No Doubt/Gwen Stefani, Madonna, Garbage, Andrea Corr, U2, Sneaker Pimps, Soul II Soul and Massive Attack. He also started being a motion picture music composer with famed Scottish composer Craig Armstrong and Marius De Vries for the soundtrack for Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet in 1996.

## Biography

Hooper began his career as a DJ and as a member of the Wild Bunch, the Bristol-based group that would turn into Massive Attack.

Between 1989 and 1992 he produced the first albums for Soul II Soul (_Club Classics Vol. I_), Massive Attack (_Blue Lines_) and Björk (_Debut_), which in 1995 Mixmag magazine ranked the 31st, 1st and 3rd best dance albums of all time.

The 1995 BRIT Awards honored Hooper as Best Producer for his work on Massive Attack's _Protection_, Björk's _Post_ and Madonna's _Bedtime Stories_ albums.

In 1998 he won a BAFTA Award (Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music) for his work arranging the score and soundtrack for Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet.

In the late 1990s Hooper set up the Meanwhile imprint, which is a company part of Virgin Records.

Hooper continued to work slowly into the 2000s. He received a Grammy nomination in 2003 for his work on No Doubt's _Rock Steady_ and Lamya's _Learning From Falling_ albums. His other work has included producing the singles "GoldenEye" (1995) for Tina Turner, "Under the Bridge" (1998) for All Saints and "Down Boy" (2002) for Holly Valance, as well as providing remixes for artists like Janet Jackson and Sade.

Most recently he has worked with Gwen Stefani on her solo albums and on U2's 2004 release _How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb_, for which he won a Grammy Award. He also produced the first solo album of Andrea Corr of The Corrs, entitled _Ten Feet High_ which was released on June 25, 2007.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Nellee Hooper
- **background**: non_performing_personnel
- **birth date**: 1963
- **genre**: Trip-hop, rock music, Rock, Electronica
- **associated acts**: The Wild Bunch (sound system), The Wild Bunch
Massive Attack
- **birth name**: Paul Andrew Hooper
- **birth place**: Bristol, England, United Kingdom
The Terror Wheel

***The Terror Wheel*** is the second EP by the American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on August 5, 1994. The producer of the EP was Mike E. Clark. If you called the number featured in the song "Amy's in the Attic" at 6:06 into the song, it would tell you the name of the next Joker's Card, Riddle Box.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Terror Wheel
- **type**: ep
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **released**: August 5, 1994
- **recorded**: 1994
- **genre**: Midwest hip hop
- **length**: 34:55
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
- **producer**: Mike E. Clark
- **prev title**: Beverly Kills 50187
- **prev year**: 1993
- **next title**: A Carnival Christmas
- **next year**: 1994
Keri Hilson

**Keri Lynn Hilson** (born December 5, 1982) is an American singer, songwriter,  record producer, model, dancer and actress. She has had many hit singles including "Bae" and "Turnin Me On". Hilson's debut album was released in 2009. Her second studio album was released in 2010. Her third album entitled, "We Need To Talk:Love" was released in 2025. Hilson acted for the first time in the 2012 romantic comedy movie _Think Like a Man_.
A Carnival Christmas

***A Carnival Christmas*** is the third EP by the American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on December 6, 1994. The producer of the EP was Mike E. Clark. The EP was a Christmas EP.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: A Carnival Christmas
- **type**: ep
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **released**: December 6, 1994
- **recorded**: 1994
- **genre**: Midwest hip hop, Christmas music
- **length**: 19:44
9:37 (reissue)
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
Island Records (reissue)
- **producer**: Mike E. Clark
- **prev title**: The Terror Wheel
- **prev year**: 1994
- **next title**: Tunnel of Love (EP), Tunnel of Love
- **next year**: 1996
Tunnel of Love (EP)

***Tunnel of Love*** is the fourth EP by the American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on June 11, 1996. The producer of the EP was Mike E. Clark. A XXX Version which contained different cover art and a bonus track was also released at the same time.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Tunnel of Love
- **type**: ep
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **released**: June 11, 1996
- **recorded**: 1996
- **genre**: Midwest hip hop
- **length**: 40:10 <small>(Standard)</small>
44:49 <small>(_XXX Version_)</small>
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
- **prev title**: A Carnival Christmas
- **prev year**: 1994
- **next title**: The Calm
- **next year**: 2005
The Calm

***The Calm*** is the fifth EP by the American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on May 17, 2005. The producer of the EP was Mike E. Clark. The EP peaked at number 32 on the Billboard 200, number 1 on the Top Independent Albums and number 32 on the Top Internet Albums.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: The Calm
- **type**: ep
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **released**: May 17, 2005
- **recorded**: 2005
- **genre**: Horrorcore
- **length**: 27:26
- **language**: English language, English
- **label**: Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
- **producer**: Mike E. Clark
- **prev title**: Tunnel of Love (EP), Tunnel of Love
- **prev year**: 1996
- **next title**: Eye of the Storm (EP), Eye of the Storm
- **next year**: 2007
Freestyle skiing

**Freestyle skiing** is an acrobatic form of skiing which is divided into a number of different disciplines. Freestyle skiing first began to be taken seriously in the 1960s and early 1970s. However, some people thought that this style of skiing was too dangerous and did not want it to be an Olympic sport. The free-form sport had few rules and was not without danger; knee injuries became a common case for professional freestylers.

The International Ski Federation (FIS) recognized freestyle as a sport in 1979 and brought in new regulations regarding certification of athletes and jump techniques in an effort to curb the dangerous elements of the competitions.  The first World Cup series was staged in 1980 and the first FIS Freestyle World Ski Championship took place in 1986 in Tignes, France.
Farrier

A **farrier** is a person who works with iron, or other materials, to make horseshoes and take care of horse's hooves. They check for signs of disease and make sure the feet are well cared for.

## History

At one time, a farrier and blacksmith had almost the same job, which can be seen by the etymology of the word: farrier comes from Middle French: _ferrier_ ("blacksmith"), from the Latin word _ferrum_ ("iron"). Today, farriers usually specialize in horseshoeing, and on the care of the horse's hoof. For this reason farriers and blacksmiths are now known to be different jobs.

## Law

By law, in Great Britain, it is illegal for anyone except a registered farrier to call themselves a farrier or to carry out any farriery work under the Farriers (Registration) Act 1975. The main aim of this act is to "prevent and avoid suffering by and cruelty to horses arising from the shoeing of horses by unskilled persons".

## Worshipful Company of Farriers

The Worshipful Company of Farriers a London Livery Company, was set up in 1356.  It still offers diplomas which are recognised qualifications to be a modern farrier.

## Other websites

- On The Horse's Foot, Shoes and Shoeing
- Museum of Horse Shoeing Tools
My Sister's Keeper

***My Sister's Keeper*** is a 2004 novel written by Jodi Picoult. Set in Rhode Island, it tells the story of a 13-year-old girl named Anna Fitzgerald, a "savior sibling", who sues her parents so that they can no longer legally control her medical decisions once she learns she is expected to donate a kidney to her older sister Kate, who is dying from leukemia, cancer of the blood and bone marrow. It is written in first person, from the perspectives of several main characters. In 2008, the book was adapted into a movie.

## Plot Summary

Anna Fitzgerald's older sister, Kate, suffers from acute promyelocytic leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow. When Anna's parents learn about Kate's diagnosis, they decide to conceive Anna through artificial selection and in vitro fertilization because nobody in the family is a genetic match to donate organs to Kate. Once Anna is born, her umbilical chord blood was used in treatments for Kate to save her life. Although the treatment was initially successful, Kate relapsed (became sick again). Since then, Anna had been used as a donor for any other bodily substance needed to treat Kate, who continues to swing between remission and relapse as she grows up.
Oracle

An **oracle** (in ancient Greek times) was a person who was seen as a messenger for the gods. The Oracle of Delphi was the most famous. Oracles would answer questions about the future, and would often speak in riddles. In Ancient Greece oracles lived in temples and people travelled many miles to visit them and seek their advice. The oracles were a part of Greek religion.

## Related pages

- Prophet
- Divination
Ichthyornis

***Ichthyornis*** (meaning "fish bird") was a tern-like bird which lived 93-83.5 million years ago in the Upper Cretaceous. It lived in flocks, nested on shorelines, and hunted for fish in the Western Interior Seaway, a huge inland sea in what is now North America.

## Description

_Ichthyornis_ was about 8 inches (20 cm) long. It had a large head, toothed jaws, and a long beak. This powerful flyer is the oldest-known bird that had a keeled breastbone (sternum) similar to that of modern birds.

_Ichthyornis_ was originally found in 1872 in Kansas by  Benjamin Franklin Mudge, a professor from Kansas State Agricultural College. Othniel C. Marsh of  Yale University described and named the first fossils. Fossils of the bird have been found in Kansas, Texas and Alberta.
Heron

**Herons** are wading birds in the _Ardeidae_ family. There are 64 recognised species in this family. Some are called **egrets** or **bitterns** instead of herons.

In the family, all members of the genera _Botaurus_ and _Ixobrychus_ are called bitterns: they are a monophyletic group within the Ardeidae.

On the other hand, egrets are not a biologically distinct group. They are called egrets because they are mainly white and/or have decorative plumes. Although egrets have the same build as the larger herons, they tend to be smaller.

The classification of the individual heron/egret species is difficult, and there is no clear consensus about the placement of many species into either of the two major genera, _Ardea_ and _Egretta_.

Although herons look like birds in some other families, such as the storks, ibises and spoonbills, they differ from these in flying with their necks retracted, not outstretched. They are also one of the bird groups that have 'powder down'.

Some members of this group nest colonially in trees; others, notably the bitterns, use reedbeds.

Other examples:
- Great egret
- Little egret
- Great-billed heron
- Cattle egret
Serotonin

**Serotonin** is a neurotransmitter. Its chemical name is **5-Hydroxytryptamine** or **5-HT**. It is derived from tryptophan. Serotonin is found in all vertebrates, mainly in the gastrointestinal tract, blood platelets and central nervous system. Its name is derived from its effect on blood pressure: serotonin is a part of the _serum_ which regulates the _tonus_ of blood vessels.

Serotonin does several jobs within the human body. Unlike dopamine, serotonin causes happiness, while dopamine causes pleasure. It is believed to regulate mood, intestinal activity and appetite, memory, and sleep. Many antidepressant medications are thought to work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the body even though depression is not caused by low serotonin. Some non-medical treatments for depression have also been shown to raise serotonin levels.

Serotonin is also found in insect venom, fungi and plants. Its presence in the seeds of many fruits helps speed those seeds through the digestive tract of animals that consume them. In insect venom, it causes pain, and sometimes death, through its effect on smooth muscle contraction.

Serotonin is involved in social rank. A lobster injected with serotonin behaves like an alpha male.
Ibis

The **ibises** (collective plural **ibis**; classical plurals **ibides** and **ibes**) are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae. This family also includes the spoonbills.

They all have long down curved bills, and usually feed as a group, probing mud for food items, usually crustaceans. Most species nest in trees, often with spoonbills or herons.

The word ibis comes from Greek and Latin, and probably from the Ancient Egyptian. According to Josephus, Moses employed ibes against serpents during a desert campaign into Ethiopia in his early life. Pliny the Elder also recounted, "The Egyptians invoked ibes against the serpents."

## Ancient Egyptians

Ancient Egyptians would make ibises into mummies and offer them to the god Thoth, whom they drew and carved with the head of an ibis.  Egyptologists have found many thousands of ibis mummies in tombs.  In 2019, scientists looked at the DNA from the ibis mummies and from living ibises around Africa and came to believe that the ibises that were made into mummies were not caught in the wild.  Instead, ancient Egyptians fed the ibises in large lakes near their temples and caught them when they wanted them.
Molineux Stadium

**Molineux Stadium** is a football stadium in Wolverhampton, England. It is the current home stadium of the Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.. The stadium was built in 1889 and was opened that same year. The total number of people that can be seated is about 31,700, although the view from some seats in the Stan Cullis stand are restricted by the Steve Bull stand roof until it is redeveloped, due to this they are never sold. The stadium has also hosted the England internationals and, more recently, the England under-21 internationals, and the UEFA Cup Final in 1972.

## Infobox (stadium)

- **stadium name**: Molineux Stadium
- **image**:
- **location**: Waterloo Road, Wolverhampton
- **opened**: 1889
- **renovated**: 1978–1979; 1991–1993; 2011–2012
- **owner**: Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C., Wolverhampton Wanderers
- **operator**: Wolverhampton Wanderers
- **surface**: Desso GrassMaster
- **general contractor**: Alfred McAlpine
Buckingham Group (redevelopment)
- **architect**: Alan Cotterell Partnership
AFL (redevelopment)
- **tenants**: Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C., Wolverhampton Wanderers (1889–present)
- **seating capacity**: 31,750
Spoonbill

**Spoonbills** are a group of large, long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae, which also includes the Ibises.

All have large, flat, spatulate bills and feed by wading through shallow water, sweeping the partly-opened bill from side to side. The moment any small aquatic creature touches the inside of the bill—an insect, crustacean, or tiny fish—it is snapped shut. Spoonbills generally prefer fresh water to salt but are found in both environments. They need to feed many hours each day.

Spoonbills are monogamous, but, so far as is known, only for one season at a time. Most species nest in trees or reed-beds, often with ibises or herons.
The Hawthorns

**The Hawthorns** is a football stadium in West Bromwich, Sandwell, England. It is the current home stadium of the West Bromwich Albion F.C.. The stadium was built in 1900 and opened in that same year. The total number of people who can seat in the stadium is about 26,500. The stadium is also near The Hawthorns station which provides transportation to the stadium. It is the highest ground above sea level in England. The four stands at the ground are called the East Stand, the Birmingham Road, the West Stand (formerly Halfords Lane)  and the Smethwick End.
TrES-4b

**TrES-4**  is an exoplanet. It orbits around the star GSC 02620-00648. The planet is 4.5 million miles from its sun. Being this close to its sun, the year on TrES-4 about three days long. This makes the temperature on the planet very hot. In fact, the temperature on TrES-4 is about 2,300 degrees Fahrenheit (1,260 degrees Celsius).

TrES-4 is a gas giant that is 70 percent bigger than Jupiter. However, the planet is only as dense as cork. At the time of its discovery, TrES-4b was the largest known planet in the universe.

## Discovery

The planet was found by Georgi Mandushev at the Lowell Observatory in Arizona. Mandushev discovered the planet as a part of the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey project.

TrES-4 was discovered using the transit method. When an exoplanet passes between its sun and the Earth, astronomers can see a change in light from the star.
Elimination Chamber (2011)

**Elimination Chamber (2011)** (also known as **No Way Out (2011)** in Germany) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on February 20, 2011 at the Oracle Arena in Oakland, California. It was the second Elimination Chamber event made by WWE.

John Cena, who was the winner of the Raw Elimination Chamber match received a WWE Championship match at WrestleMania XXVII against The Miz. Edge, who was the winner of the SmackDown Elimination Chamber match, kept his World Heavyweight Champion.

### Elimination Chamber entrances and eliminations (SmackDown)

|Eliminated|Wrestler|Entered|Eliminated by|Method|Time||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Wade Barrett||Big Show|rowspan="5"|Pinfall|18:48|
||Big Show||rowspan="2"|Kane|20:54||
||Drew McIntyre||21:09||||
||Kane||rowspan="2"|Edge|22:50||
||Rey Mysterio||rowspan="2"|31:30|||
||**Edge (c)**||colspan="2"||||

### Elimination Chamber entrances and eliminations (Raw)

|Eliminated|Wrestler|Entered|Eliminated by|Method|**Time**||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||R-Truth|5|King Sheamus|rowspan="5"|Pinfall|17:31|
||Randy Orton|3|CM Punk|21:33|||
||King Sheamus|2|John Morrison|25:16|||
||John Morrison|1|CM Punk|32:50|||
||CM Punk|6|John Cena|rowspan="2"|33:12||
||**John Cena**|4|colspan="2"||||

## Other websites

- Official Elimination Chamber website

es:WWE Elimination Chamber#2011

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Elimination Chamber (2011)
- **theme**: "Ignition" by TobyMac
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Entertainment
- **date**: February 20, 2011
- **venue**: Oracle Arena
- **city**: Oakland, California
- **lastevent**: Royal Rumble (2011)
- **nextevent**: WrestleMania XXVII
- **event**: WWE Elimination Chamber, Elimination Chamber
- **lastevent2**: Elimination Chamber (2010)
- **nextevent2**: Elimination Chamber (2012)
- **brand**: WWE Raw, Raw
SmackDown
Dnipro

**Dnipro** (, , **Dnepr**), called **Dnipropetrovsk** until May 2016 ( ;   **Dnepropetrovsk**) is a city in Ukraine and is the third largest city in Ukraine. About 1 million people live there. It lies southeast of Ukraine's capital city, Kyiv. It was founded in 1776. Dnipro enjoys a borderline semi-arid/Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification _BSh/Csa_), with relativity mild temperatures and plentiful sunshine year-round.

Dnipro is one of the key places for the nuclear, arms and space industries of the former Soviet Union.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Dnipro
- **native name**: Дніпро
- **settlement type**: List of cities in Ukraine, City
- **image skyline**: Collage of Dnipro city images.jpg
- **image caption**: Transfiguration Cathedral, Dnipro, Transfiguration Cathedral, central Dnipro skyline, Merefa-Kherson bridge, Monastyrsky Island and Dnieper river
- **image flag**: Dnipro prapor.png
- **image shield**: Coat of arms of Dnipro.svg
- **image map**: Dnipropetrovsk-Raion.png
- **map caption**: Location in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
- **pushpin map**: Ukraine
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of Dnipro in Ukraine
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Ukraine
- **subdivision type1**: Oblast
- **subdivision name1**: Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
- **subdivision type2**: Raion, City Municipality
- **subdivision name2**:  Dnipro
- **parts type**: #Government and administrative divisions, Raions
- **parts**: List of 8
- **p1**: Amur-Nyzhnodniprovskyi District, Amur-Nyzhnodniprovskyi
- **p2**: Chechelivskyi District, Chechelivskyi
- **p3**: Industrialnyi District, Dnipro, Industrialnyi
- **p4**: Novokodatskyi District, Novokodatskyi
- **p5**: Samarskyi District, Samarskyi
- **p6**: Shevchenkivskyi District, Dnipro, Shevchenkivskyi
- **p7**: Sobornyi District, Dnipro, Sobornyi
- **p8**: Tsentralnyi District, Dnipro, Tsentralnyi
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1776 ( years ago) (officially)
- **established title2**: City Status
- **established date2**: 1778
- **area total km2**: 415
- **population as of**: 2023
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **population rank**: 4th, UA
- **population total**: 984,423
- **population metro**: 1,460,000
- **population density km2**: 2411
- **elevation m**: 155
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: EEST
- **utc offset dst**: +3
- **government type**: City council, city of regional significance (Ukraine), regional
- **leader title**: Governing body
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader title2**: People's Deputy of Ukraine, MPs:
- **seat type**: Administrative HQ
- **seat**: Dnipro City Hall,
75 Akademik Yavornitskyi Prospekt
- **postal code**: 49000—49489
- **area code**: +380 56(2)
- **blank name sec2**: GDP
- **blank info sec2**: Ukrainian hryvnia, ₴ 207.9 billion
- **website**: [http://dniprorada.gov.ua/ dniprorada.gov.ua]
Suez

**Suez** (,  Egyptian pronunciation _Es Suwais_) is a town in Northern Egypt, on the coast of the Gulf of Suez.  Almost 750.000 people live in the city. The city is the southern terminus of the Suez Canal. It has two harbours, and a large seaport.  An oil refinery is in Suez. Highways and railroad tracks connect Suez to the cities of Cairo, Port Said and Ismailia.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Suez
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image flag**: Flag of Suez Governorate.svg
- **flag size**: 100px
- **image map**: Iss016e019375.jpg
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Satellite view of the port and city that are the southern terminus of the Suez Canal that transits through Egypt and debouches into the Mediterranean Sea near Port Said
- **pushpin map**: Egypt
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin mapsize**: 200
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Egypt
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Governorates of Egypt, Governorate
- **subdivision name1**: Suez Governorate, Suez
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Saif Al-Din Galal
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: 2018
- **population total**: 744.189
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **timezone**: Egypt Standard Time, EST
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: +3
- **elevation m**: 5
Mae Young

**Johnnie Mae Young** (March 12, 1923 – January 14, 2014) was an American female professional wrestler. She was best known for wrestling for the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWF/E). She helped increase the popularity of women wrestling during World War II and has trained many wrestlers.

She was the only professional wrestler to compete in documented matches in nine different decades, having her first match in 1939 and her last match in 2010.

She was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2008. She was best friends with fellow wrestler The Fabulous Moolah whom she appeared with on WWF/E television with as a comedic duo.

On December 30th, 2013, she was hospitalized with an undisclosed illness and was placed on life support. On January 9th, 2014, she was taken off life support and was placed under hospice care at home. On January 14, it was announced that Young had died.

## Championships

- **Championship Wrestling from Florida**
    - NWA Florida Women's Championship (one time)
- **National Wrestling Alliance**
    - NWA United States Women's Championship (one time)
    - NWA Women's World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Ella Waldek)
- **World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment**
    - WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2008)
    - Miss Royal Rumble 2000
    - Slammy Award for Knucklehead Moment of the Year (2010) (Defeating LayCool at _Old School Raw_)
- **Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame**
    - Class of 2004

## Other websites

- WWE profile

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Mae Young
- **names**: **Mae Young**
Miss Mae Young
The Queen
The Great Mae Young
- **image**: MaeYoung20010402.jpg
- **caption**: Mae Young in 2001
- **birth place**: Sand Springs, Oklahoma, U.S.
- **death place**: Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.
- **debut**: August 20, 1939
- **retired**: 2013
Ismaïlia

**Ismailia** () is a city in Egypt, on the Suez Canal. Ismailia is the capital of the Governorate with the same name. The city has a population of approximately 750,000. It is approximately halfway between Port Said to the north and Suez to the south. The Canal widens at this point to include Lake Timsah, one of the Bitter Lakes.

Khedive Ismail the Magnificent founded the city in 1863, when the Canal was constructed. The city is named after him. The head office of the Suez Canal Authority is in Ismaïlia at the shore of Lake Timsah. Many of the buildings that were built when the British and French were involved in running the canal are still standing. Some of them are still being used by Canal employees and officials.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ismaïlia
- **nickname**: City of Roses or Flowers City
- **pushpin map**: Egypt
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Egypt
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Governorates of Egypt, Governorate
- **subdivision name1**: Al Isma'iliyah Governorate, Al Isma'iliyah
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population total**: 750,000
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **timezone**: Egypt Standard Time, EST
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone dst**: +3
- **area code**: +69  +64
Sela Ward

**Sela Ann Ward** (born July 11, 1956) is an American Emmy and Golden Globe Award winning movie and television actress. She was in the NBC television series _Sisters_. She acted in the CBS television series _CSI: NY_.

Ward was born in Meridian, Mississippi
Eye of the Storm (EP)

***Eye of the Storm*** is the sixth EP by the American Horrorcore band, Insane Clown Posse. It was released on August 20, 2007.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Eye of the Storm
- **type**: ep
- **artist**: Insane Clown Posse
- **released**: August 20, 2007
- **recorded**: 2007
- **genre**: Midwest hip hop
- **length**: 28:00
- **language**: English
- **label**: Psychopathic Records, Psychopathic
- **prev title**: The Calm
- **prev year**: 2005
Merginae

The **Merginae** or **seaducks** are a subfamily of the Anatidae, the duck, goose and swan family of birds.

As the name suggests, most are marine outside the breeding season. Many species have specialized salt glands to allow them to tolerate salt water, but these have not yet developed in young birds. Some species prefer riverine habitats.
Boundary Park

**Boundary Park** is a football stadium in Oldham, England. As of 2021, it is the home stadium of the Oldham Athletic A.F.C. and the Oldham Roughyeds. The stadium was built in 1904. It opened August 1, 1904. The total seating capacity of the stadium is about 10,638.

## Infobox (stadium)

- **image**: Boundary Park.jpg
- **image size**: 350px
- **caption**: The Jimmy Frizzell (Rochdale Road) Stand
- **fullname**: Boundary Park
- **location**: Boundary Park
Oldham
OL1 2PA
- **built**: 1904
- **nickname**: Ice Station Zebra, The Kindle Kordwall 77.
- **opened**: 1 August 1904
- **renovated**: 2014
- **capacity**: 13,513
- **tenants**: Oldham Athletic A.F.C. (1904–present)
Oldham R.L.F.C. (1997–2001, 2003–2009)
Immigration to Canada

**Immigration to Canada** is a way that people from other countries can move to Canada. Some laws about this include the Immigration Act 1976, and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act 2002.

Canada lets many people move to Canada. Because of this, there are some high percentages of non-Canadians in ethnicity results.

## History

Even after Canadian colonization by the United Kingdom and France, there have been many other people coming to Canada in large groups.

### First large group: 1700s

In the 1700s, the French were settling in Quebec and Acadia, followed by some American and European movement.

After the American Revolution ended many Americans loyal to Britain went to Canada as it was the last main territory in North America still loyal to the Crown.

### Second large group: 1800s

The War of 1812 promoted British and Irish immigration to Canada. Some British officers went to Canada, fearing that the Americans would invade Canada. While Irish immigration was still high, eventually some went to the United States.

Others went to Canada from America, especially during the Klondike Gold Rush.

### Third and fourth groups: 1900s

This time, many people went to Canada from Europe. A large spike in the third group was pre-World War I.

### Fifth group: the present

This group saw an increase in Asian immigrants.
Glans

The **glans** (Latin for "acorn") is a vascular structure on the tip of the penis in men or a homologous genital structure of the clitoris in women.

## Related pages

- Glans penis
- Clitoris
Lessepsian migration

**Lessepsian migration** is the name given for the migration of marine species through the Suez Canal, between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean.

It is named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, who built the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal joined two biospheres that were separate before. Many species migrated from the Red Sea to the Eastern Mediterranean. Only a few species migrated in the other direction, from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea. The migration can be seen most clearly when looking at fish species, even though other animals also migrated.

When the Suez Canal was opened in 1869, it created the first salt-water passage between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. The Bitter Lakes are two very salty (hypersaline) lakes about mid-way in the canal. At first, this blocked the migration of species from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. Over the last decades, the salinity of the lakes changed, which made it easier for species to migrate.

The Red Sea is higher than the Mediterranean, at high tide, water flows from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. The Red Sea is also poor in nutrients, so species who migrate will find more nutrients. The waters of the Red Sea are saltier than that of the Mediterranean. For these reasons, most species migrate from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean, and only very few migrate in the other direction.

When the Aswan High Dam was built in the 1960s, this blocked the flow of freshwater from the Nile into the Mediterranean. As a result, the salinity levels in the Eastern Mediterranean increase, and make it much more like the Red Sea – this means that migration will become even easier, as conditions are very similar.

Invasive species coming from the Red Sea and introduced into the Mediterranean by the construction of the canal have become a major component of the Mediterranean ecosystem. They have serious impacts on the Mediterranean ecology, endangering many local and endemic Mediterranean species. To this day, about 300 species native to the Red Sea have been identified in the Mediterranean Sea, and there are probably others still unidentified.

The Egyptian government announced it plans to deepen and widen the canal. This announcement has raised concerns from marine biologists, who fear that this will worsen the invasion of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean, and make the crossing of the canal easier for additional species.

Today, the term _Lessepsian migration_ is used more broadly for any migration of animals over man-made structures.
Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village

**Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village** is a large, private community where people live. It is on the east side of Manhattan, a borough in New York City. It is one of the most successful post-World War II private housing communities. Stuyvesant Town is known to its residents as "Stuy Town". It was named after Peter Stuyvesant, the last Director-General of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, whose farm occupied the site in the seventeenth century. Peter Cooper Village is named after Peter Cooper, a 19th-century industrialist, inventor and philanthropist. Cooper also founded Cooper Union.

The complex was planned beginning in 1942. It opened its first building in 1947. It replaced several very big gas storage tanks.

The complex has many red brick apartment buildings. They stretch from First Avenue to Avenue C between 14th and 23rd Streets. It covers about  of land. Some of this land is also playground land or parkland. Between 14th and 20th Street is Stuyvesant Town. It has 8,757 apartments in 89 residential buildings. Peter Cooper Village is between 20th and 23rd Streets. The complex has a total of 110 residential buildings, 11,250 apartments, and over 25,000 people living in it.

The East River and Avenue C is on the east, the Gramercy Park neighborhood on the west, the East Village and Alphabet City to the south, and Kips Bay to the north. To the west is a historic two-block park. Around the park is Stuyvesant Square, Saint George's Church, and the Beth Israel Medical Center.
Keri Russell

**Keri Lynn Russell** (born March 23, 1976 in Fountain Valley, California) is an American actress. She has starred in many movies for both the cinema and television. She starred in the television series _Felicity_ from 1998 to 2002. Russell won a Golden Globe for "Best Actress in a Drama Series" in 1999.

Russell has been in a relationship with Matthew Rhys since 2014. They had their first child together in 2016.
Aleutian Islands

The **Aleutian Islands** (; possibly from Chukchi _aliat_, "island") are a chain of more than 300 small volcanic islands.

They are in the Northern Pacific Ocean. They are spread out over an area of 6,821 sq mi (17,666 km²) and go out about  west from the Alaska Peninsula toward the Kamchatka Peninsula. They mark a line between the Bering Sea and the Pacific Gulf of Alaska. Crossing longitude 180°, they are the furthest West part of the United States  Nearly all the islands are part of Alaska but at the extreme western end are the Commander Islands which are in Russia. The islands, with their 57 volcanoes, are in the northern part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. The Alaska Marine Highway passes through the islands.

About 8,200 people live in 11 towns or villages on seven islands of the US part. About 600 people live in the Russian part of the islands.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: Aleutian Islands
- **location**: Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea
- **population**: 8,162
Yarlung Tsangpo

**Yarlung River** is a watercourse that originates upstream from the South Tibet Valley and the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, in Southern Tibet. It then passes through the province of Assam, Republic of India, where it is known as the Dihang.
Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon

The **Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon** () or simply the **Tsangpo Canyon** or **Tsangpo Gorge**, along the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet, China, is regarded by some as the deepest canyon in the world, and is slightly longer than the Grand Canyon, making it one of the world's largest.