juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Maria Kaczyńska

**Maria Helena Kaczyńska** (; née **Mackiewicz**; 21 August 1942 – 10 April 2010) was the First Lady of Poland from 2005 through 2010. She was the wife of President Lech Kaczyński.

On 10 April 2010, 10:41 MSD (06:41 UTC), Maria Kaczyńska, and her husband, Polish President Lech Kaczyński, died when the Polish Air Force Tupolev Tu-154M they were aboard crashed while attempting to land at Smolensk-North Airport in the Russian city of Smolensk. All 89 passengers on board and the 7 crew members were killed.

## Other websites

- Polish First Lady's official website
- Maria Kaczyńska official biography (in English)

## Infobox (first lady)

- **name**: Maria Kaczyńska
- **image name**: Maria Kaczynska (official portrait).jpg
- **alt**: Polish First Lady - Maria Kaczyńska sitting on a chair wearing a light coloured, long sleeved top and long striped pants. The top has small ruffles on the cuffs and down the front. It has a shirt style collar. The chair is at an angle to the left and the subjects' head is turned toward the camera. Her legs are crossed and her arms are loosely crossed on her knees. She is smiling.
- **imagesize**: 225px
- **office**: First Lady of Poland
- **term start**: December 23, 2005
- **term end**: April 10, 2010
- **president**: Lech Kaczyński
- **predecessor**: Jolanta Kwaśniewska
- **successor**: Anna Komorowska
- **birth place**: Machowo
- **birthname**: Maria Helena Mackiewicz
- **death place**: Smolensk, Russia
- **nationality**: Polish
- **spouse**: Lech Kaczyński
- **relations**: Lidia Piszczako
<small>(mother)</small>
Czesław Mackiewicz
<small>(father)</small>
- **children**: Marta Dubieniecka
- **residence**: Presidential Palace, Warsaw <small>(official)</small>
- **alma mater**: University of Gdańsk <small>(Master of Science, M.S.)</small>
- **profession**: Economist
Closed system

A **closed system** is a thermodynamic system without exchange of matter but exchange of heat.
Jeremy Ball

**Jeremy Ball** (1968 – 15 September 2014) was an Australian politician, actor and activist. He was the Deputy Mayor of Launceston, Tasmania from 2011 until his death. He also had an acting career from 1995 until 2000. He was best known for appearing as Warren Harvey in the ABC series _Fallen Angels_ and as a businessman in the movie _The Matrix_ (1999).

Ball was born in Launceston. He spoke his native English, as well as French and Japanese. He was married to Karina. The couple had two sons, Griffin and Jasper.

Ball died in a car accident on 15 September 2014 on the Bass Highway near Carrick, Tasmania. He was 45.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jeremy Ball
- **birth date**: 1968
- **birth place**: Launceston, Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- **death date**: 15 September 2014 (aged 45)
- **death place**: Carrick, Tasmania, Australia
- **nationality**: Australian
- **yearsactive**: 1995–2000 (acting)
2007–2014 (politics)
- **occupation**: Actor, politician, activist
- **spouse**: Karina
- **children**: 2
Earl Ross

**Earl Ross** (September 4, 1941 – September 18, 2014) was a Canadian race car driver. He competed in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series from 1973 until 1976. He won the 15th Daytona 500 race in 1974. The same year, he became the NASCAR Rookie of the Year. He drove the Carling Red Cap #52.

Ross was born in Fortune, Prince Edward Island. He was raised in Ailsa Craig, Ontario.

Ross died on September 18, 2014 in North Middlesex, Ontario, aged 73.

## Other websites

- Earl Ross at Racing-Reference
Elsa-Marianne von Rosen

**Elsa-Marianne von Rosen** (21 April 1924 – 7 September 2014) was a Swedish ballet dancer, choreographer and actress. She performed all over Scandinavia. She acted between 1939 and 1970. She appeared in the television series _Tales of Hans Anderson_. In 1984, she was given the Royal Medal of Merit Litteris et artibus. She also directed ballet plays outside of Scandinavia, in Monaco, the United States, the United Kingdom and Russia.

Von Rosen was born in Stockholm. She was the daughter of the artist Count Reinhold von Rosen and his first wife Elisabeth Österyd. In 1950, she married editor Allan Fridericia (1921–1991). They soon after moved to Denmark.

Von Rosen died from natural causes on 7 September 2014 in Copenhagen. She was 90.

## Other websites

- Elsa-Marianne von Rosen at The Ballerina Gallery
Helepolis

**Helepolis** (, English: "Taker of Cities") was an ancient siege engine. It was used in the unsuccessful siege of Rhodes in 305 BC. It is based on an earlier, smaller design used against Salamis in 306 BC. The name was taken from the Greek _"ελείν πόλεις"_, meaning destroyer of _cities_.  Vitruvius, Plutarch, and in the Athenaeus Mechanicus. It was the largest and most powerful siege tower ever built.
Copper wire and cable

A **copper wire** is a single electrical conductor made of copper. It can be insulated or uninsulated. A **copper cable** is a group of two or more copper wires bundled together in a single sheath or jacket. Copper wire and cable is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. It has been useful ever since telegraphs and electromagnets were invented.

Copper is the most widely used conductor in many kinds of electrical wiring. Copper has the lowest resistance to the flow of electricity of all non-precious metals. Electrical wiring in buildings is the most important market for the copper industry. About half of all copper mined is used to make electrical wire and cable conductors.

## Properties of copper useful for the copper wire

- Electrical conductivity
- Tensile strength
- Ductility
- Orange
- Strength and ductility combination
- Creep resistance - the copper does not change a lot because of heat.
- Corrosion resistance
- Coefficient of thermal expansion
- Thermal conductivity
- Solderability
- Ease of installation
Triphyophyllum

***Triphyophyllum*** is a carnivorous plant genus with only one species  ***Triphyophyllum peltatum***. It is native to tropical western Africa, in Sierra Leone and Liberia, growing in tropical rainforests.

It is a liana, with a three-stage lifecycle, each with a different shaped leaf, as indicated by its Greek name. In the first stage, _T. Peltatum_ has simple lance-like leaves, and looks nondescript. It then develops long, glandular leaves, like those of the related _Drosophyllum_. These sticky leaves capture insects. The plant then enters its adult liana form, with short non-carnivorous leaves on a long twining stem and small hook like appendages on its leaves.

_T. Peltatum_ is cultivated in only three botanical gardens: Abidjan, Bonn, and Würzburg. It is extremely rare in private collections.

## Appearance

with a three-stage lifecycle _T. Peltatum_ has a different appearance throughout its life. The first stage, _T._ _Peltatum_ forms a rosette of simple lanceolate leaves with undulate margins. Because of the limited information and cultivation of _T._ _Peltatum_ the next 2 stages of the life cycle are hard to study. Another reason for this lack of information is that _T._ _Peltatum_ is only carnivorous if there is insufficient phosphorous in the soil it is growing in. Leading to difficulty differentiating between life cycles and carnivorous periods. During the second stage of its life or nutrient poor soil _T._ _Peltatum_ Develops leaves similar to _Drosophyllum._
Earl Hindman

**Earl John Hindman** (October 20, 1942 – December 29, 2003) was an American actor. He is known for his role as the neighbor (whose whole face was always hidden from television viewers) Wilson W. Wilson Jr. in the television sitcom _Home Improvement_ (1991–1999), starring Tim Allen. He also appeared in the television movie _Kojak: The Price of Justice_ (1987).

Hindman was born in Bisbee, Arizona. He married actress Molly McGreevey in 1976.

Hindman died from lung cancer on December 29, 2003, in Stamford, Connecticut. He was 61.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Earl Hindman
- **birth name**: Earl John Hindman
- **birth place**: Bisbee, Arizona, Bisbee, Arizona, U.S.
- **death place**: Stamford, Connecticut, Stamford, Connecticut, U.S.
- **yearsactive**: 1968–2003
- **occupation**: Actor
Autophila rosea

***Autophila rosea*** is a moth of the Erebidae family. Staudinger used the scientific name in 1888.

## References

- Autophila rosea in lepidoptera
Autophila maura

***Autophila maura*** is a moth of the Erebidae family. Staudinger used the scientific name in 1888.

## References

- Autophila maura in lepidoptera
Autophila dilucida

***Autophila dilucida*** is a moth of the Erebidae family. Hubner used the scientific name in 1808.

## References

- Autophila dilucida in lepidoptera
Caradrina agrotina

***Caradrina agrotina*** is a moth of the Noctuidae family.

## References

- Caradrina agrotina in lepidoptera (reference contains no information except that it is found in Europe)
Caradrina draudti

***Caradrina draudti*** is a moth of the Noctuidae family. Boursin used the scientific name in 1936.

## References

- Caradrina draudti in lepidoptera
Cymothoa exigua

***Cymothoa exigua***, or the **tongue-eating louse**, is a crustacean, a parasitic isopod.

This parasite enters fish through the gills, and then attaches itself. The female attaches to the fish's tongue, and the male attaches on the gill arches beneath and behind the female. The female parasite destroys the fish's tongue. Then it attaches itself to the stub of what was once the tongue and becomes the fish's new tongue.

## Behavior

_Cymothoa exigua_ gets blood through the claws on its front, causing the tongue to atrophy (wither) from lack of blood. The parasite then replaces the fish's tongue by attaching its own body to the muscles of the tongue stub.

The fish is able to use the parasite just like a normal tongue. It appears that the parasite does not cause any other damage to the host fish. Once _C. exigua_ replaces the tongue, some feed on the host's blood and many others feed on fish mucus. This is the only known case of a parasite replacing the function of a host organ. There are many species of _Cymothoa_, but only _C. exigua_ is known to consume and replace its host's tongue.
Milton Cardona

**Milton Cardona** (November 21, 1945 – September 19, 2014) was a Puerto Rican jazz and salsa percussionist, vocalist and conga player. He had over five hundred recordings, and made seven albums between 1985 and 2007. He worked on the soundtrack of the movie _El Cantante_ (2007). He worked with musicians such as Spike Lee, Paul Simon, David Byrne, Celia Cruz, and the rock band Cream.

Cardona was born in Mayagüez. He was married to Bruni.

Cardona died from heart failure on September 19, 2014. He was 69.
Jean-Pierre Dumont

**Jean-Pierre "J. P." Dumont** (born April 1, 1978) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger. Dumont played 12 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the Chicago Blackhawks, Buffalo Sabres, and Nashville Predators. He also played for SC Bern of the National League A (NLA).

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Dumont played 4 seasons with the Val-d'Or Foreurs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). He was drafted with the 3rd overall pick by the New York Islanders in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. Dumont had a contract dispute with the Islanders and they traded him and a 5th round draft pick to the Chicago Blackhawks for Dmitri Nabokov in 1998.

Dumont played 72 games over two seasons with the Blackhawks and in March 2000, he was traded along with Doug Gilmour and a draft pick to the Buffalo Sabres for Michal Grosek. Dumont played 5 seasons with the Sabres and was named their captain in January 2004.

After the Sabres rejected Dumont's $2.9-million arbitration award, he signed a two-year, $4.5-million contract with the Nashville Predators on August 29, 2006. On June 30, 2011, the Predators bought out Dumont's contract and he became an unrestricted free agent for July 1. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2013.  Since retiring, Dumont is currently a member of tag HC Nashville which is based in Nashville, Tennessee.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: JP Dumont.png
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Dumont with the Nashville Predators
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks
Buffalo Sabres
SC Bern
Nashville Predators
- **position**: Winger (ice hockey), Right Wing
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 205
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **birth place**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **draft**: 3rd overall
- **draft year**: 1996
- **draft team**: New York Islanders
- **career start**: 1998
- **career end**: 2013
Joanne Whalley

**Joanne Whalley** (born 25 August 1961) is an English actress. She played Christine Keeler in the movie _Scandal_. She also played Colleen in _Mother's Boys_

She was born in Salford, Lancashire, England.
Montek Singh Ahluwalia

**Montek Singh Ahluwalia** (born 24 November 1943) is an Indian economist and civil servant. He was the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of the Republic of India. The position has the rank of a Cabinet Minister. He resigned from the post in 2014. This was before the end of the UPA II regime in the center. Before this, he was the first Director of the Independent Evaluation Office at the International Monetary Fund.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Montek Singh Ahluwalia
- **image**: Montekahuwalia.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **office**: Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission
- **primeminister**: Narendra Modi
- **term start**: 6 July 2004
- **term end**: 26 may 2014
- **predecessor**: K.C. Pant
- **birth place**: New Delhi British India
- **occupation**: Economist
Civil service, Civil servant
- **spouse**: Isher Judge Ahluwalia
- **alma mater**: University of Delhi (Bachelor of Arts, B.A.)
Magdalen College, Oxford
(Master of Arts (postgraduate), M.A.) & St. Antony's College, Oxford (M.Phil.)
Supercross

**Supercross** is a motor sport. People in it drive motorcycles very fast and try to beat their opponents on stunt bikes.
Georges Danton

**Georges Jacques Danton** (26 October 1759 – 5 April 1794) was a politician during the French Revolution. He was a member of the city council of Paris, minister of justice and head of the Provisional Executive Council, member of the Convention, member of the National Assembly, and he was the first president of the committee of public safety. The Reign of Terror lasted from 1793 to 1794.  During the Reign of Terror, Danton changed his mind: He said that continuing the Reign of Terror was a bad idea, but other people disagreed. Danton was charged with treason and executed on the guillotine.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Georges  Danton
- **image**: Georges Danton.jpg
- **caption**: Georges-Jacques Danton. _Musée Carnavalet_, Paris
- **office**: Committee of Public Safety, Member of the Committee of Public Safety
- **term start**: 6 April 1793
- **term end**: 10 July 1793
- **predecessor**: **Office created**
- **office1**: Ministry of Justice (France), Minister of Justice
- **term start1**: 10 August 1792
- **term end1**: 9 October 1792
- **predecessor1**: Étienne Dejoly
- **successor1**: Dominique Joseph Garat
- **office2**: List of Presidents of the National Convention, President of the National Convention
- **term start2**: 25 July 1793
- **term end2**: 8 August 1793
- **predecessor2**: Jean Bon Saint-André
- **successor2**: Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles
- **office3**: National Convention, Member of the National Convention
- **term start3**: 20 September 1792
- **term end3**: 5 April 1794
- **office4**: Committee of Public Safety, President of the Committee of Public Safety
- **term start4**: 6 April 1793
- **term end4**: 10 July 1793
- **birth place**: Arcis-sur-Aube, France
- **death date**: 5 April 1794 (aged 33)
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **nationality**: French people, French
- **party**: Cordeliers Club
Jacobin Club
- **otherparty**: The Mountain
- **occupation**: Lawyer, politician
- **parents**: Jacques Danton and Mary Camus
- **spouse**: ; her death
; his death
- **children**: François (1788–1789)
Antoine (1790–1858)
François Georges (1792–1848)
- **relatives**: Anne Madeleine Danton (1755-1802) (Sister)
 Marie Nicole Cecile Danton (1757-1814) (Sister)
- **signature**: GeorgesDantonSignature.jpg
Royal Alcazar of Madrid

The **Royal Alcazar of Madrid** (_Real Alcázar de Madrid_) was a former royal residence. It was originally built as a fortress by Muslims between 850 and 856 AD. It was in the center of Madrid and served as the center of the Spanish royal court. This was up to the construction of the Royal Palace of Madrid by the Bourbons in the 1700s. the great building kept its original title of _Alcázar_ (English: "fortress").

The first extension to the building was completed in 1537 and was commissioned by King Charles I. Its exterior was constructed by the architect "Juan Gómez de Mora" in 1636, commissioned by King Philip IV.

It was famous for its many paintings and for its unusual architecture. It was the residence of the Spanish Royal Family and home of the Court until it was destroyed by fire in 1734. Many artistic treasures were lost. This included over 500 paintings, although 1,038 artworks were saved from the fire. One of these was _Las Meninas_ by Velázquez. It was damaged, but later restored by Juan García de Miranda.

## Related pages

- Royal Palace of Madrid the building that is presently on the site.

## References

skrtttt the boi 100 is lit my boi
Taxali Gate

The **Taxali Gate** is one of the 12 gates of the old medieval walled city of Lahore, now in Pakistan. It dates from Mughal times.

## History

The Royal Mint (where coins were made) of the Mughal Empire or _Taxal_, was here. The gate was named for that.

## Present

Today, there is no mint here. There is a very famous shoe market, Sheikhupurian Bazaar. People can go there and try _Desi_ (local) foods like _Siri Paya_ and many types of sweets.

The world-famous Heera Mandi red light area is also in this area. This was made famous in Rudyard Kipling's novel, _Kim_ (published 1901).
Gregor Blanco

**Gregor Miguel Blanco Pedraza** (born December 24, 1983) is a Venezuelan professional baseball player.  He is an outfielder for the Arizona Diamondbacks.

## Career

Gregor Blanco was the center fielder and leadoff hitter for Tiburones de La Guaira in Venezuela.  He hit .315 (178 AB) in the 2006–07 season.  In the 2007-2008 season, he hit .345 (229 AB).  In the 2008-2009 season, he hit .349.  He eventually was sent to the majors because of Jordan Schafer's struggles.

## Infobox (mlb player)

- **name**: Gregor Blanco
- **image**: Gregor Blanco on July 10, 2014.jpg
- **image size**: 240px
- **caption**: Blanco with the San Francisco Giants
- **team**: Free Agent
- **number**: 7
- **position**: Outfielder
- **birth place**: Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela
- **bats**: Left
- **throws**: Left
- **debutdate**: March 30
- **debutyear**: 2008
- **debutteam**: Atlanta Braves
- **statyear**: 2014 season
- **stat1label**: Batting average
- **stat1value**: .257
- **stat2label**: Home runs
- **stat2value**: 14
- **stat3label**: Run batted in, Runs batted in
- **stat3value**: 159
- **stat4label**: Stolen bases
- **stat4value**: 80
- **teams**: *Atlanta Braves (-)
*Kansas City Royals ()
*Washington Nationals ()
*San Francisco Giants (–2016)
- **awards**: *List of World Series champions, World Series champion ()
Heera Mandi

The **Heera Mandi** (Diamond Market), also called **Shahi Mohallah** (Royal Neighborhood) , is a famous red-light district of the old Taxali Gate of Lahore, Pakistan. Historically, the Heera Mandi was a centre of cultural activity, where courtesans trained in fine arts played influential roles in the social and cultural fabric of the Indian subcontinent. They were educators, poets, singers, dancers and intellectually sound women. During the British Raj, Heera Mandi was turned into a red-light district,  an area where prostitutes work, by the British rulers, who used their influence to relegate the status of the tawaifs (courtesans) of Heera Mandi into prostitutes. The tawaifs played an important role in the Freedom Movement against the British and provided both financial and moral support to the freedom fighters, along with taking part in political activities.

## History

The Heera Mandi was first called the 'Shahi Mohallah' or Royal Neighborhood in the 17th century. It was called that because many princes and nobles of the Mughal dynasty used to come there. At that time there were only _Tawaifs_ (dancing girls) and courtesans there. They were there to amuse the people. Later, some women from other parts of Indian Subcontinent were also brought to perform classical Indian dances such as Kathak to entertain Mughals. During the rule of the Sikh king Ranjit Singh, prostitution [Vaishyavirti] also was common. Many brothels were opened there. Ranjit Singh renamed this place 'Heera Mandi'. It was named for an officer, Heera Singh, who lived there. Some historians think that he named it for the beautiful girls (prostitutes) who lived there. They were like precious diamonds.

## British times

When the British Raj came to power in this region, Christian missionaries asked for the Heera Mandi to be moved away. They thought the activities there were 'sinful'. The British government tried to move it, but they were forced to move it back because people did not like this idea. Later, after the 1870s, the British also added some special brothels there for British soldiers. This area was made famous in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim (printed in 1901).

## Modern times

After the India-Pakistan partition in 1947, the Heera Mandi went on as before. Later, under the harsh Islamic puritanical rule of the military dictator General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, a big operation was started to 'clean' the area from prostitution and crime. Many brothels were moved or closed by force. However, once again, people did not like this move. Many of the brothels and other businesses were re-opened.

Even though prostitution is supposed to be illegal in Pakistan, the Mandi still exists. It is also famous for some very good food shops nearby, where many people including foreign tourists come to just eat and watch the shows.
Reema

**Reema Khan** (born 1972) also known by her screen name **Reema**, is a Pakistani
Lollywood movie actress, director and producer. She has appeared in more than 200 movies since making her debut in 1990.

## Early life

Reema Khan was born in 1972, in the Heera Mandi area of Lahore, Pakistan. She was first spotted in 1990 by the Pakistani movie director Javed Fazil and was offered the leading role in his movie _Bulandi_. She became popular at once and went on getting success.

## Main movies and later career

Khan's early movies included 'Zherilay', 'Ishq', 'Naag Devta', 'Pyar hi pyar', 'Sailab', 'Dil', 'Aag', 'Shama' and 'Sahiba'. These were followed by movies such as 'Hina', 'Anjuman', 'Chakuri', 'Chandni', 'Neelam' and 'Insaniat'. Later she appeared in 'Hathi Meray Sathi' directed by Shameem Ara and in 'Rani Beti Raj Karegi' directed by Altaf Hussain. In 2002, Asif Ali Pota's 'Fire' and Samina Peerzada's 'Shararat' were released starring Reema in the lead role. She later also started making some movies as a producer and part-time director.

## Marriage

Reema married American cardiologist and surgeon Syed Tariq Shahab on 16 November 2011 in Virginia, United States. After her marriage, she produced and directed the movie 'Love mein Ghum', released on 31 August 2011. This was a very big commercial and critical success in Pakistan, making over 320 million rupees profit. Reema is mostly living in the USA now and planning new movie projects.
Lucasfilm Animation

**Lucasfilm Animation** is an American television and movie animation company. It is the animation division of Lucasfilm Ltd.. It is known for the _Star Wars: The Clone Wars_ television series. The division became part of Disney Television Animation company after Disney bought Lucasfilm for $4,000,000,000. Their logo included R2-D2. Lucasfilm Singapore moved into a new building at the beginning of 2014.

## Products

- Star Wars: Clone Wars television series (2005-2008 (co-produced with Cartoon Network studios)
- Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV Series) television series (2008-2014/present)(distributed by Cartoon Network)
- Star Wars Rebels television series (2014-present) (co-production with Disney and distributed by Disney XD)
- Lego Star Wars: The Yoda Chronicles film series (2013/2014)(co-production with WILFILM and LEGO and distributed by Disney XD)
- Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film) film (2008) (distributed by Wardner Bros.)
- Star Wars: Ewoks (co-production with Nevaland)
Asma Jahangir

**Asma Jilani Jahangir** (27 January 1952 – 11 February 2018) was a leading Pakistani lawyer. Born in Lahore, she was an advocate of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, President Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan and a human rights activist who works both in Pakistan and internationally to prevent the persecution of religious minorities, women, and exploitation of children.

She won several international awards for her activism including Right Livelihood Award and the Four Freedoms Award in 2010 for promoting Religious Freedom.

Jahangir suffered from brain haemorrhage while going into cardiac arrest in Lahore on 11 February 2018 and died when was taken to the hospital at the age of 66.
Peter von Bagh

**Kari Peter Conrad von Bagh** (29 August 1943 – 17 September 2014) was a Finnish movie historian, writer and director. He worked as the head of the Finnish Film Archive and directed many movie festivals. He was the editor-in-chief of _Filmihullu_ magazine.

From 2001 until his death, he had been the artistic director of the Il Cinema Ritrovato in Bologna, Italy. In 2004, he was a member of the jury in the competition category of the Cannes Film Festival.

## Early life and career

Von Bagh was born in Helsinki. He graduated from the University of Helsinki. in 1970. He also was a professor at many other universities across Finland, teaching movie history.

Von Bagh died after a long illness on 17 September 2014 in Helsinki. He was 71.

## Other websites

- Peter von Bagh at the Cannes Film Festival webpage

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kari Peter Conrad von Bagh
- **image**: Peter von Bagh.jpg
- **caption**: Peter von Bagh in June 2009
- **birth place**: Helsinki, Finland
- **citizenship**: Finns, Finnish
- **occupation**: Movie historian, writer, director
Carolyn S. Shoemaker

**Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker** (June 24, 1929 – August 13, 2021) was an American astronomer. She was a co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9.  She held the record for most comets discovered by a single person.

## Personal life

Shoemaker was born **Carolyn Jean Spellmann** in Gallup, New Mexico, United States.  She was the widow of Eugene Shoemaker, a planetary scientist. They were married from 1951 until his death in 1997.

Shoemaker died on August 13, 2021 in Flagstaff, Arizona at the age of 92. The cause of death was health problems caused by a fall.

## Career

Shoemaker started her astronomical career in 1980, searching for Earth-crossing asteroids and comets at the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, and the Palomar Observatory, San Diego, California.

As of 2002, Shoemaker had discovered 32 comets and over 300 asteroids (counting the as-yet unnumbered ones).

## Other websites

- Universe Today page about Carolyn Shoemaker
- Biography of Carolyn Shoemaker at the USGS Astrogeology Science Center

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Carolyn S. Shoemaker
- **image**: Carolyn Shoemaker (cropped).jpg
- **birth name**: Carolyn Jean Spellmann
- **birth place**: Gallup, New Mexico, Gallup, New Mexico, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Flagstaff, Arizona, Flagstaff, Arizona, U.S.
- **citizenship**: United States, American
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **spouse**: Eugene Merle Shoemaker, Eugene Shoemaker 1951–1997 (his death)
- **fields**: Astronomy
- **workplaces**: California Institute of Technology
Palomar Observatory, California
- **alma mater**: California State University, Chico
- **known for**: co-discoverer of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
- **awards**: James Craig Watson Medal
NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal
Rittenhouse Medal
Scientist of the Year Award
Audrey Long

**Audrey Charteris** (née **Long**; April 22, 1922 – September 19, 2014) was an American actress. She appeared in 33 low-budget movies and television shows in the 1940s and early 1950s. Her best known roles were in _Yankee Doodle Dandy_ (1942), _Tall in the Saddle_ (1944), _Wanderer of the Wasteland_ (1945), _Born to Kill_ (1947), and _Desperate_ (1947).

Long was born in Orlando, Florida. Her father was an Episcopal minister and English immigrant. During her childhood, she and her family moved to Canada as well as Honolulu, Hawaii, and San Francisco, California. She was educated in both California and Virginia. She was first married to Edward Rubin from 1945 until their divorce in 1951. She was later married to British writer Leslie Charteris from 1952 until his death in 1993.

Long died in Virginia Water, Surrey, after a long illness on September 19, 2014, aged 92.
The January Man

***The January Man*** is a 1989 comedy-thriller movie. It is about a former New York City police detective lured back into his job when a serial killer terrorizes the city. Susan Sarandon plays Christine. Harvey Keitel plays Frank. Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio plays Bernadette. Danny Aiello plays Vincent. Kevin Kline plays Nick.

The movie received negative review from critics.
Flor Van Noppen

**Florentinus Ludovicus Leopoldus Eduard ("Flor") Van Noppen** (28 June 1956 – 22 September 2014) was a Belgian politician. He was a member of the N-VA. Van Noppen was the brother of veterinarian Karel Van Noppen, who was murdered by the hormone mafia.

Van Noppen was elected as a member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives in 2007 and reelected in 2010. He also served as city councilor (2001-2014) and alderman (2007-2013) of Dessel. Van Noppen, who suffered from Multiple system atrophy, retired from politics after the 2014 elections upon completing his term.

Van Noppen died on 22 September 2014 from the disease, aged 58.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Flor Van Noppen
- **office**: Belgian Chamber of Representatives, Member of the Chamber of Representatives
- **term start**: 28 June 2007
- **term end**: 25 May 2014
- **birth place**: Turnhout, Antwerp (province), Antwerp
- **death place**: Dessel, Antwerp
- **nationality**: Belgian
- **party**: New Flemish Alliance, N-VA
- **residence**: Dessel
- **website**: [http://www.n-va.be/cv/flor-van-noppen http://www.n-va.be/cv/flor-van-noppen]
Rackstraw Downes

**Rackstraw Downes** (born 1939) is a British-born American realist painter and author.  Downs was born **Rodney Harry Rackstraw Downes** in Pembury, Kent, England.

His oil paintings are known for their details about the months of plein-air sessions. His drawings usually show industry and the environment background. Downs lives in Midland, Texas, but was originally from Maine and Connecticut.
Johnny Handsome

***Johnny Handsome*** is a 1989 crime-drama movie. Ellen Barkin plays Sunny. Mickey Rourke plays the title character. Elizabeth McGovern plays Donna. Morgan Freeman plays A.Z. Drones. Forest Whitaker plays Steven Fisher.

The movie was not a success at the box office. It was released on DVD in 2002 and Blu-ray in 2010.
Eugene Merle Shoemaker

**Eugene Merle Shoemaker** (April 28, 1928 – July 18, 1997), also known as **Gene Shoemaker**, was an American geologist. He was one of the founders of the field of planetary science. He was best known for co-discovering the Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with his wife Carolyn Shoemaker and David Levy.

Shoemaker died in a car crash in Alice Springs, Australia, aged 69.

On July 31, 1999, some of his ashes were carried to the Moon by the Lunar Prospector space probe.

## Other websites

- USGS page about Gene Shoemaker
- NASA page about Gene Shoemaker

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Eugene Merle Shoemaker
- **image**: Eugene Shoemaker.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Eugene Shoemaker at a stereoscopic microscope
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- **death place**: Alice Springs, Australia
- **field**: Astrogeology
- **work institutions**: U. S. Geological Survey, California Institute of Technology
- **alma mater**: California Institute of Technology
Princeton University, Princeton
- **known for**: Planetary science
Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
- **spouse**: Carolyn S. Shoemaker 1951–1997 (his death)
David H. Levy

**David H. Levy** (born May 22, 1948) is a Canadian astronomer and science writer. He co-discovered Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 in 1993, which collided with the planet Jupiter in 1994. Levy was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

## Other websites

- David Levy's Home Page
Gallup, New Mexico

**Gallup** is a city in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 21,899 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of McKinley County.
Arthur T. Hannett

**Arthur Thomas Hannett** (February 17, 1884 –  March 18, 1966) was an American politician. He became the seventh Governor of New Mexico.

After serving as a member of the State Highway Commission from March 1923, until December 1924, Hannett was elected Governor of New Mexico and served from January 1, 1925 until January 1, 1927.

## Infobox (governor)

- **name**: Arthur T. Hannett
- **image**: ArthurTHannett.jpg
- **order**: 7th
- **office**: Governor of New Mexico
- **term start**: January 1, 1925
- **term end**: January 1, 1927
- **lieutenant**: Edward F. Sargent
- **predecessor**: James F. Hinkle
- **successor**: Richard C. Dillon
- **birth place**: Lyons, New York
- **death place**: Albuquerque, New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- **spouse**: Louise Westfall
- **profession**: Lawyer, Attorney
- **residence**: Gallup, New Mexico, Gallup
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
Lyons, New York

**Lyons** is a town in Wayne County, New York, United States.  The population was 5,679 at the 2020 census.  The town is named after Lyons (usually now spelled Lyon), France.
Smitley River

The **Smitley River** is a river in British Columbia, Canada. It is in the north Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains.  It flows southeast to join the Noeick River.  The Smitley River starts on the east side of Mount Saugstad.
Panipat

**Panipat** is an old city in Haryana area of India. It is 90 kms north of Delhi and 130 kms south of Chandigarh.

Three famous battles were fought here at different times in history: the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556 and the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761.

Today, Panipat is famous as 'The Town of Weavers' because of its fine carpet-weaving and textile industries. It was first captured by Mahmud of Ghazni of the Ghaznavid Empire in the year 1005 and later by the Ghurid dynasty. It was then under the Delhi Sultanate and then the Mughal Empire until the British conquered this area and colonized India.
Zabardast Khan

**Zabardast Khan** (died 1788) was a Suleman Khel Ghilzai Pathan warrior in history. He fought at the Third Battle of Panipat as part of the Afghan forces of Ahmad Shah Durrani.
Marc Okrand

**Marc Okrand** (; born July 3rd, 1948) is an American linguist.  He is known for making the Klingon language.

### Linguistics

Okrand worked with Native American languages.  He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1972.  His 1977 doctoral work from the University of California, Berkeley, was on the grammar of Mutsun, a dialect of Ohlone (a.k.a. Southern Costanoan). Southern Costanoan is an extinct Utian language earlier spoken in the north central Californian coastal areas from Northern Costanoan down to 30 miles south of Salinas. Okrand's doctoral work was watched over by early linguist Mary Haas. He taught college linguistics courses at the University of California, Santa Barbara, from 1975 to 1978. After that he took a post doctoral fellowship at the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C., in 1978.

### Star Trek

Okrand helped make closed captioning for the Oscars award show in 1982. While there Okrand met the producer for the movie _Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan_. His first work was replacing in Vulcan language words for _Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan_. The actors had been filmed talking in English. He was then hired by Paramount Pictures to make the Klingon language. Okrand also taught the actors using it in _Star Trek III: The Search for Spock_, _Star Trek V: The Final Frontier_, and _Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country_. He was later also hired for the 2009 _Star Trek_ film for their use of the Romulan and Vulcan languages. He also made a Klingon dialogue for the 2009 movie, but it was not used in the final edited version. Okrand was also involved in _Star Trek Into Darkness_, but only after the movie was finished being made.

## Other websites

- a press release about Marc Okrand  at the National Captioning Institute's website
- Marc Okrand  at startrek.com
- Interview with Marc Okrand in the _Wall Street Journal_

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Marc Okrand
- **image**: Marc Okrand Saarbruecken 2019.JPG
- **caption**: Marc Okrand in 2019
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California
- **occupation**: linguist
- **known for**: Inventor of Klingon language, Klingon, and Atlantean language, Atlantean languages
Eulogy

A **eulogy** (from , _eulogia_, meaning "praise") is a speech or writing in praise of a person or thing. It is often given about a recently dead or retired person. Eulogies may be given as part of funeral services.

## Related pages

- Epitaph
North Bend, Ohio

**North Bend** is a village in Miami Township, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 835 at the 2020 census. The 23rd US president, Benjamin Harrison, was born here.
Radawczyk Drugi

**Radawczyk Drugi** is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Konopnica in eastern Poland.

About 200 people live in Radawczyk Drugi.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Radawczyk Drugi
- **settlement type**: Village
- **total type**:  
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Voivodeships of Poland, Voivodeship
- **subdivision name1**: Lublin Voivodeship
- **subdivision type2**: Powiat, County
- **subdivision name2**: Lublin County
- **subdivision type3**: Gmina
- **subdivision name3**: Gmina Konopnica, Lublin Voivodeship, Konopnica
- **population total**: 200
Mutsun language

**Mutsun** is one of the languages spoken by the Ohlone people of California.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Mutsun
- **familycolor**: Penutian
- **fam1**: Penutian languages, Penutian ?
- **fam2**: Yok-Utian languages, Yok-Utian ?
- **fam3**: Utian languages, Utian
- **fam4**: Ohlone languages, Ohlone (Costanoan)
- **fam5**: Southern
- **ethnicity**: Ohlone
- **states**: United States
- **region**: California
- **extinct**: 1930
- **revived**: 2000s
- **iso3comment**: (part of Southern Ohlone `css`
- **iso3**: none
Mary Haas

**Mary Rosamund Haas** (January 12, 1910 – May 17, 1996) was an American linguist. She studied Native American Indian languages. She also studied Thai and historical linguistics.

## Early life

Haas attended high school in Richmond, Indiana, and later Earlham College.

## Related pages

- List of women linguists

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mary Rosamund Haas
- **birth place**: Richmond, Indiana
- **death place**: Alameda County, California
- **known for**: Training linguists; work in Native Americans in the United States, North American Indian languages; work in Thai language, Thai, and historical linguistics.
- **education**: Ph.D. in linguistics, Yale University, 1935
- **alma mater**: Earlham College, University of Chicago, Yale University
- **occupation**: linguistics, Linguist
- **employer**: University of California, Berkeley
- **spouse**: Morris Swadesh
- **awards**: Honorary doctorates from Northwestern University, 1975, the University of Chicago 1976, Earlham College, 1980, and Ohio State University, 1980.
Sahana Pradhan

**Sahana Pradhan** (17 June 1927 – 22 September 2014) was a Nepalese politician. She was Minister of Foreign Affairs until she resigned on 16 April 2008. In 1986, she became the leader of the Communist Party of Nepal. In 1987, the political party merged with another one.

Pradhan was born in Kathmandu. She was married to politician Pushpa Lal Shrestha until his death in 1978.

Pradhan died from a brain haemorrhage on 22 September 2014 in Kathmandu. She was 88.
Star Trek Into Darkness

***Star Trek Into Darkness*** is a 2013 American science fiction action movie. The movie was directed by J. J. Abrams. It was Leonard Nimoy's last movie appearance before his death in 2015. Set in the 23rd century, the movie follows Captain James T. Kirk and the crew of _USS Enterprise_ as they are sent to the Klingon homeworld seeking a former Starfleet member-turned-terrorist, Khan Noonien Singh.

It is the second _Star Trek_ movie that features the supervillain Khan Noonien Singh, since the 1982 movie _Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan_, who originally appeared in the first season of the _Star Trek: The Original Series_.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Star Trek into Darkness
- **director**: J. J. Abrams
- **cinematography**: Dan Mindel
- **music**: Michael Giacchino
- **distributor**: Paramount Pictures
- **runtime**: 132 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $185–190 million
- **gross**: $467.4 million
Atlantean language

The **Atlantean language** is a constructed language created by Marc Okrand. It was made  for Disney's film _Atlantis: The Lost Empire_.

## Other websites

- Atlantean Language Institute – Provides a dictionary, grammar guide, and corpus

## Related pages

- _Atlantis: The Lost Empire_, the film for which the language was created.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Atlantean
- **nativename**:
_Dig Adlantisag_
- **pronunciation**: diɡ ɑdlɑntisɑɡ
- **creator**: Marc Okrand
- **created**: 1996–2001
- **setting**: 2001 film _Atlantis: The Lost Empire_ and related media
- **speakers**: none
- **script**: Atlantean Script
- **fam1**: constructed languages
- **fam2**: Artistic languages
- **fam3**: Fictional languages
- **posteriori**: Constructed languages
 A posteriori (languages), A posteriori languages
- **iso3**: none
- **glotto**: none
- **ietf**: [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-atlantea]
Dulla Bhatti

**Dulla Bhatti** or **Dullah Bhatti** (real name **Abdullah Bhatti**) popularly referred to as the ‘Son of Punjab' or 'Robin Hood of Punjab') was a Punjabi Muslim Rajput of the Bhatti tribe, a famous Punjabi Folk hero and freedom fighter who led a revolt against Mughal rule during the rule of Akbar. He was publically hanged to death in 1599 in Lahore by the Mughals.

The memory of Bhatti as a saviour of Punjabi girls is recalled at the annual Lohri celebrations till today, although those celebrations also incorporate many other symbolic strands now. The song "Sundri-Mundri" which is sung during the celebrations and is a tribute to him for his bravery and rebellion against the Mughal rule.

## Career

He belonged to the Bhatti Muslim rajput tribe and was a _zamindar_ or rural farmer. On becoming a young man, Dulla was angered to see the injustice of the Mughal rulers against local Punjabis, and he turned against them. He started guerilla warfare against the Mughal forces in the Punjab and was successful to some extent for 10 or 12 years. Later, however, he was defeated by the Mughal forces through the betrayal of some enemies and was imprisoned in Lahore Fort, Lahore. He was later hanged there in 1599.

## Place in popular literature and culture

- Bhatti still remains a big and popular hero for Punjabi people, and he is mostly remembered in the traditional Punjabi _var_ (ballads or songs about heroes).
- He is also remembered in the traditional _dhadhi_ performances, like poems acted out, where actors show his many brave deeds.
- A number of books, stories (fiction) and plays (drama) have been written about his life and deeds, most famous of these is _Takht Lahore_ a 1973 play or drama written by the Pakistani writer Najam Hussain Syed.
- A number of Urdu and Punjabi films have been made about him, including _Dullah Bhatti_ (1956) by famed director Anwar Kamal Pasha.
Najam Hussain Syed

**Najam Hussain Syed** also spelt **Najm Hosain Syed** (born 1936) is a Punjabi play-writer, poet, and critic who lives in Lahore, Pakistan.
Alexander Grothendieck

**Alexander Grothendieck** (Berlin, 28 March 1928  13 November 2014, Saint-Girons, Ariège) was a leading figure in the modern field of algebraic geometry and Galois theory.

In 1970 Grothendieck left the Institut des hautes études scientifiques, where he had been appointed research professor (1958–1970) and where he did his greatest work. He turned to radical pacifism and opposed all forms of warfare and aggression. This is why he declined the Crafoord Prize in 1988.

In 1966 he was awarded the Fields Medal.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Alexander Grothendieck
- **image**: Alexander Grothendieck.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Alexander Grothendieck in Montreal, 1970
- **birth place**: Berlin, Free State of Prussia, Prussia, Weimar Republic
- **death place**: Saint-Lizier, France
- **thesis title**: Produits tensoriels topologiques et espaces nucleaires
- **thesis url**: http://www.math.jussieu.fr/~leila/grothendieckcircle/PTT.pdf
- **thesis year**: 1953
- **fields**: Mathematics
Ohlone

**Ohlone people** are a Native American people from the north and central California coast. They lived in small villages, and they hunted deer and other animals. Ohlone groups who lived near the shore ate shellfish too. After eating them, they put their shells in mounds called shellmounds. They also buried the dead in shellmounds.

## Other websites

- http://www.muwekma.org - Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area
- http://www.ohlonenation.org  - The Ohlone Nation
200 Cigarettes

***200 Cigarettes*** is a 1999 American comedy-drama movie. The movie is about a party in New York City on New Year's Eve 1981. Martha Plimpton plays Monica. Courtney Love plays Lucy. Christina Ricci plays Val. Janeane Garofalo plays Ellie. Kate Hudson plays Cindy.

The movie got negative reviews from critics.
Hasse Wallman

**Hans Erik** "**Hasse**" **Wallman** (1 May 1936 – 22 September 2014) was a Swedish businessman, impresario, composer, director, writer and producer. As an entertainment executive, he presented concerts for the British rock bands The Beatles and The Rolling Stones, as well as many other bands and performers. From 1965 until 1966, he was in charge of publicity at the record label Elektra Records. In 1991, he was given a Guldmasken award.

Wallman was born in Stockholm. He was married and had two children.

Wallman was injured in a horse riding accident at his home in Värmdö on 19 September 2014. He was put into a coma and died three days later, aged 78.
Arturo Umberto Illia

**Arturo Umberto Illia Francesconi** (; August 4, 1900 – January 18, 1983) was an Argentine politician. He was President of Argentina from October 12, 1963, to June 28, 1966. He was a member of the centrist UCR.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Arturo Illia
- **image**: Arturo Umberto Illia 1965.jpg
- **caption**: Illia, May 1965
- **nationality**: Argentina, Argentine
- **order**: List of heads of state of Argentina, 34th President of Argentina
- **term start**: October 12, 1963
- **term end**: June 28, 1966
- **predecessor**: José María Guido
- **successor**: Juan Carlos Onganía
- **birth name**: Arturo Umberto Illia
- **birth place**: Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **death place**: Córdoba, Argentina
- **spouse**: Silvia Elvira Martorell de Illia (1918–1966); married in 1939.
- **party**: Radical Civic Union
- **vicepresident**: Carlos Humberto Perette
- **profession**: Physician
Gilles Latulippe

**Gilles Latulippe** (31 August 1937 – 23 September 2014) was a Canadian actor, comedian and theatre director and manager. Latulippe is a central figure in the history of comic theatre in Quebec. In 1998, he was named Quebec's favorite actor by the daily tabloid _Le Journal de Montréal_.

Latulippe was born in Montreal, Quebec and died from lung cancer there.