juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bavaria-Landshut

**Bavaria-Landshut** (German: _Bayern-Landshut_) was a duchy that lasted from 1353–1503.

## Infobox (country)

- **native name**: _Teilherzogtum Bayern-Landshut_
- **conventional long name**: Bavaria-Landshut
- **common name**: Bavaria-Landshut
- **era**: Middle Ages
- **status**: Duchy
- **empire**: Holy Roman Empire
- **government type**: Monarchy
- **year start**: 1353
- **year end**: 1503
- **date start**: June 3,
- **event1**: Bavaria-Munich and Bavaria-Ingolstadt split off
- **date event1**: 1392
- **event2**: Annexed Bavaria-Ingolstadt
- **date event2**: 1447
- **event end**: Annexed by Bavaria-Munich and Palatinate-Neuburg
- **p1**: Duchy of Lower Bavaria
- **image p1**:
- **s1**: Bavaria-Munich
- **image s1**:
- **s2**: Palatinate-Neuburg
- **image s2**:
- **image flag**: Banner_of_Bavaria-Landshut.svg
- **flag type**: Banner of Bavaria-Landshut
- **image coat**: Arms of the Palatinate (Bavaria-Palatinate).svg
- **coa size**: 85px
- **symbol type**: Coat of arms of Bavaria, Coat of arms of the List of rulers of Bavaria, Dukes of Bavaria-Landshut
- **image map**: Bayern nach der Teilung 1392.png
- **image map caption**: Bavaria-Landshut (orange), with Bavaria-Munich (green), Bavaria-Ingolstadt (brown) and Bavaria-Straubing (grey); from 1392.
- **capital**: Landshut
- **leader1**: Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria, Stephan II
- **year leader1**: 1347–1375
- **leader2**: John II, Duke of Bavaria, Johann II, Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria, Stephen III, and Frederick, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, Friedrich
- **year leader2**: 1375–1392
- **leader3**: Frederick, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, Friedrich
- **year leader3**: 1392–1393
- **leader4**: Henry XVI, Duke of Bavaria, Heinrich XVI
- **year leader4**: 1393–1450
- **leader5**: Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria
- **year leader5**: 1450–1479
- **leader6**: Duke Georg of Bavaria
- **year leader6**: 1479–1503
- **title leader**: Duke of Bavaria-Landshut
Palatinate-Neuburg

**Palatinate-Neuburg** (, Bavarian: _Herzogtum Pfoiz-Neiburg_) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire until 1806. It lasted from 1505–1808. The capital of Palatinate-Neuburg was Neuburg an der Donau.

## Infobox (country)

- **native name**: _Herzogtum Pfalz-Neuburg_
- **conventional long name**: Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg
- **common name**: Palatinate-Neuburg
- **era**: Middle Ages
- **status**: Vassal
- **empire**: Holy Roman Empire
- **government type**: Principality
- **year start**: 1505
- **year end**: 1808
- **event start**: Landshut War of Succession, Established
- **date start**: July 30,
- **event1**: In personal union with the Electorate of the Palatinate
- **date event1**: 1556–1557
- **event2**: Ceded to Palatine Zweibrücken, Zweibrücken
- **date event2**: 1557
- **event3**: Palatinate-Sulzbach, Sulzbach separated
- **date event3**: 1614
- **event4**: Merged with the Electorate of the Palatinate
- **date event4**: 1685
- **p1**: Bavaria-Landshut
- **image p1**:
- **s1**: Electoral Palatinate
- **flag s1**: Banner of the Palatinate.svg
- **image flag**: Banner of Palatinate-Neuburg (3%5E2).svg
- **image coat**: Arms of Pfalz-Neuburg (1609-1685).svg
- **symbol type**: Coat of arms
(1609–1685)
- **image map**: Schloss Neuburg.jpg
- **image map caption**: Neuburg Castle (Bavaria), Neuburg Castle
- **capital**: Neuburg an der Donau
- **common languages**: Austro-Bavarian
- **religion**: Calvinism
- **title leader**: Count Palatine
- **leader1**: Otto Henry, Elector Palatine, Otto Henry
- **year leader1**: 1505–57
- **leader2**: Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Wolfgang
- **year leader2**: 1557–69
- **leader3**: Philip William, Elector Palatine, Philip William
- **year leader3**: 1653–90
- **leader4**: Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria, Charles Theodore
- **year leader4**: 1742–99
Neuburg an der Donau

**Neuburg an der Donau**, is a town which is the capital of the Neuburg-Schrobenhausen district in Bavaria in Germany.

## Divisions

The municipality has 16 divisions:

- Altmannstetten
- Bergen, Neuburg
- Bittenbrunn
- Bruck
- Feldkirchen
- Gietlhausen
- Hardt
- Heinrichsheim
- Herrenwörth
- Hessellohe
- Joshofen
- Marienheim
- Maxweiler
- Laisacker
- Sehensand
- Zell

## Other websites

- Official website

- photographs of Neuburg an der Donau

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **name**: Neuburg a.d. Donau
- **image coa**: DEU Neuburg an der Donau COA.svg
- **image plan**: Neuburg an der Donau in ND.svg
- **state**: Bayern
- **region**: Oberbayern
- **district**: Neuburg-Schrobenhausen
- **elevation**: 383
- **image photo**: Schloss Neuburg.jpg
- **image caption**: Residenzschloss, the seat of Palatine Electors.
- **area**: 81.32
- **postal code**: 86633
- **area code**: 08431
- **licence**: ND
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 09 1 85 149
- **divisions**: 16 Ortsteile
- **website**: [http://www.neuburg-donau.de/ www.neuburg-donau.de]
- **mayor**: Dr. Bernhard Gmehling
- **leader term**: 2020–26
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Oberbürgermeister
- **party**: CSU
Electoral Palatinate

**Electoral Palatinate** (German: _Kurpfalz_, Bavarian: _Kurpfoiz_) was a palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire. It lasted from 1085–1803.

## Infobox (former country)

- **native name**: _Kurfürstentum Pfalz_
- **conventional long name**: Electorate of the Palatinate
- **common name**: Palatinate
- **iso3166code**: omit
- **status**: Electorate
- **empire**: Holy Roman Empire
- **image flag**: Flag of The Electoral Palatinate (1604).svg
- **flag caption**: Flag (1604 design)
- **image coat**: Arms of the Electoral Palatinate (Variant 2).svg
- **coa size**: x100px
- **symbol type**: Coat of arms
(1356–1803)
- **image map**: Locator Electoral Palatinate within the Holy Roman Empire (1618).svg
- **image map alt**: Located in central Germany
- **image map caption**: Territory of the Electoral Palatinate in 1618, prior to the Thirty Years' War
- **common languages**: German language, German
- **religion**: Dominant confession among the population was Roman Catholic <small>(1085–1556)</small>, Lutheran <small>(1556–1563)</small> and Calvinist <small>(1563–1803)</small>.

Elector was Roman Catholic until the 1530s, then Lutheran until 1559, then Calvinist until 1575, then again Lutheran until 1583, then again Calvinist until 1685, and then again Roman Catholic since 1685.
- **government type**: Hereditary monarchy
- **title leader**: List of Counts Palatine of the Rhine, Elector
- **leader1**: Henry of Laach <small>(first)</small>
- **year leader1**: 1085–1095
- **leader2**: Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, Maximilian Joseph <small>(last)</small>
- **year leader2**: 1799–1803
- **era**: Middle Ages/
German Renaissance, Renaissance
- **event start**: Demotion of the Count Palatine of Lotharingia
- **year start**: 1085
- **event end**: Annexation, Annexed by Electorate of Baden, Baden
- **date end**: 27 April
- **year end**: 1803
- **event1**: Golden Bull of 1356, Confirmed as Electorate
- **date event1**: 10 January 1356
- **event2**: Peace of Westphalia
- **date event2**: 15 May – 24 October 1648
- **event3**: wikt:subsumption, Subsumption by Electorate of Bavaria, Bavaria
- **date event3**: 30 December 1777
- **event4**: Treaty of Lunéville
- **date event4**: 9 February 1801
- **p1**: Rhenish Franconia
- **p2**: Margraviate of the Nordgau
- **p3**: Palatinate-Sulzbach
- **image p3**:
- **p4**: Palatinate-Neuburg
- **flag p4**: Banner of Palatinate-Neuburg (3^2).svg
- **s1**: Electorate of Baden
- **flag s1**: Banner of Baden (3^2).svg
- **s2**: First French Empire
- **flag s2**: Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg
- **s3**: Kingdom of Bavaria
- **flag s3**: Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg
- **today**:
Magnum opus

A ***magnum opus*** or **chef-d’œuvre** is an artist's or other person's best painting, song or other art, such as literature.  It is Latin for "great work."
Neutering

**Neutering** is castration, the act of removing the sexual organs from an animal (usually dogs and cats). Females get spayed, and males get fixed. The operation is regarded by some as important and is said to allow pets to have longer and healthier lives. Neutering is done by  vets.

Humane societies, animal shelters, and rescue groups urge pet owners to have their pets neutered. That prevents the births of unwanted litters, which lead to the increased number of unwanted animals. Some countries require all adopted cats and dogs to be sterilized before they go to their new homes.
Hauk Buen

**Hauk Buen** (11 May 1933 – 1 March 2021) was a Norwegian hardingfele fiddler and fiddle maker.

Buen was born in Kongsberg. His best known albums are _Fykerudn_ from 1992 (in cooperation with his brother Knut), which was awarded Spellemannprisen, and _Feledåm_ from 2000. He was awarded the King's Medal of Merit in gold in 2003.

Buen has inspired and influenced fiddler Annbjørg Lien, who learned several folk tunes from him.

Buen died on 1 March 2020.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hauk Buen
- **image**: Hauk Buen 2011 07 01 Seljord 0050.jpg
- **caption**: Buen in 2011
- **birth place**: Kongsberg, Norway
- **nationality**: Norwegian
- **relatives**: Knut Buen (brother)
Agnes Buen Garnås (sister)
Kari Buen (sister)
- **occupation**: Fiddler
Fiddle maker
- **awards**: Spellemannprisen
King's Medal of Merit in gold
Hotel National, Moscow

The **Hotel National, Moscow** () is a five-star hotel in Moscow, Russia. It opened in 1903. It has 202 bedrooms and 56 suites. The National is on Manege Square. The hotel is managed by The Luxury Collection, a division of Marriott International.

## Infobox (hotel)

- **hotel name**: Hotel National, Moscow
- **architect**: Alexander Ivanov
- **website**: [http://www.national.ru/ Hotel National, Moscow]
- **number of suites**: 56
- **number of rooms**: 202
- **number of restaurants**: 2
- **operator**: Marriott International
- **opening date**: January 14, 1903
- **location**: Moscow, Russia
- **image**: Hotel National Moscow.jpg
Pimp C

**Chad Lamont Butler**, (December 19, 1973 — December 4, 2007) better known by his stage name **Pimp C**, was an American rapper and record producer best known for being a member of the duo UGK and creator of record label UGK Records.

He died of an accidental drug overdose on 4 December 2007 at the age of 33.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Pimp C
- **background**: solo_singer
- **caption**: Butler in 2006
- **birth name**: Chad Lamont Butler
- **birth place**: Crowley, Louisiana, United States, U.S.
- **origin**: Port Arthur, Texas, U.S.
- **death place**: West Hollywood, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1987–2007
Federal University, Dutsin-Ma

**Federal University Dutsin-Ma** (FUDMA) is a public university in Nigeria that was founded in February 2011.

The university is in Dutsin-Ma Local Government of Katsina State. and its permanent site located in Turare.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Federal University, Dutsin-Ma
- **caption**: University logo
- **motto**: Integrity and Service
- **established**: 2011
- **type**: Public University, Public
- **vice chancellor**: Prof. Bichi Armayau Hamisu
- **students**: 7000
- **undergrad**: 6400
- **postgrad**: 500
- **doctoral**: 100
- **city**: Dutsin-Ma
- **state**: Katsina State
- **country**: Nigeria
- **campus**: urban area, Urban
- **colors**: Gold, Green, White and Black
- **nickname**: FUDMA
- **affiliations**: National Universities Commission, NUC
Meitei calendar

The **Meitei calendar** () or the **Manipuri calendar** () or the **Kangleipak calendar** () or the **Maliyapham Palcha Kumshing** () is a traditional lunar calendar invented and used by the Meitei ethnicity for religious and agricultural purposes. It was developed by Emperor Maliyapham Palcha (1359-1329 BCE) in (Palcha era) in Ancient Kangleipak (early Manipur). Similar to the Gregorian calendar (Roman calendar), it also has twelve months in a year, four weeks in a month and seven days in a week.

## Days

|Sl. No.|Ancient Meitei|Latin-Roman transliteration|Modern Meitei|Latin-Roman transliteration|Roman equivalents|Ruling heavenly bodies|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1||Nongmaiching||Nongmaijing|Sunday|Sun|
|2||Ningthoukaapa||Ningthoukaaba|Monday|Moon|
|3||Leipaakpokpa||Leibaakpokpa|Tuesday|Mars|
|4||Yumsakeisa||Yumsakeisa|Wednesday|Mercury|
|5||Sakolsen||Sagolsen|Thursday|Jupiter|
|6||Eelai||Eerai|Friday|Venus|
|7||Thaangcha||Thaangja|Saturday|Saturn|

## Months

|Ancient Meitei|Latin-Roman transliteration|Modern Meitei|Latin-Roman transliteration|Gregorian-Roman equivalents|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Sachiphoy (Chinpi)||Sajibu|Apr-May|
||Kaanpee||Kaalen|May-Jun|
||Asaau||Ee-ngaa|Jun-Jul|
||Haaleng||Ee-ngen|Jul-Aug|
||Waantat||Thouwaan|Aug-Sept|
||Achit (Laangpan)||Laangban|Sept-Oct|
||Aale (Melaa)||Meraa|Oct-Nov|
||Chiktham (Hiyaangkei)||Heeyaangei|Nov-Dec|
||Untham||Poinu|Dec-Jan|
||Eentham||Waakching|Jan-Feb|
||Ashit (Phailel)||Fairel|Feb-Mar|
||Thaapee||Lamtaa|Mar-Apr|

## Important days

- Ningol Chakouba () - 2nd of Hiyangei month
- Sajibu Nongma Panba () - 1st of Sajibu month
- Panthoibi Iratpa ()
- Imoinu Iratpa () - 12th of Wakching month
- Sanamahi Ahong Khong Chingba ()
- Kwaak Taanba () - 10th of Mera month
- Yaoshang () - 15th of Lamtaa month, full moon
- Heikru Hidongba () - 11th of Langban month
- Mera Chaorel Houba () - 1st of Mera month
- Mera Hou Chongba () - 15th of Mera month

## Governing body

The governing body of the traditional Meitei calendar is the **"Kangleipak Calendar Board"**, which annually organizes meetings at which the annual calendar is published officially.
The **SEACO (South East Asian Cultural Organization)** also organizes annual conference to preserve the cultural and traditional calendar of Ancient Manipur.

## Other wesites

- http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=leisure.tools.Nanao_Meetei_Calendar_2015_2016_In_Meitei_Mayek_201504
Mohammad Mehdi Goorangi

**Mohammad Mehdi Goorangi** ( born 23 June 1975 in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian musician and composer.

## Professional experiences and qualifications

- A member of Composers Association in "Iran's House of Cinema Organization" (khaneye cinema).
- A member of Researchers and Composers Association in "House of Music Organization" (khaneye mooseghi).
- A member of Education and Research Committee of IRIB in 2010.
- Organizing a band and performing a concert based on the series called "Passenger from India" (Mosaferi Az Hend) in 2003.
- Writing a book, _The Creativity of Music_ (_Khalaghiate Moosighi_), in 2003.
- Instructing the basics of classical music and movie music, at the university since 2005.
- Establishing the Music Department of _Mehr-e-Taban Academy_, _International School_ in Shiraz in 2013.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Mohammad Mehdi Goorangi
 محمد مهدی گورنگی
- **background**: non_performing_personnel
- **image**: File:محمدمهدی گورنگی۱.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **birth place**: shiraz, Iran
- **origin**: Iran
- **occupation**: Composer, movie music, movie score composers
- **instrument**: Piano, santour
- **years active**: 1986–present
Sarcosaurus

***Sarcosaurus*** (meaning "flesh lizard") is a genus of basal theropod dinosaur. _Sarcosaurus_ is one of the earliest known Jurassic theropods: it is one of only a few from this time.
US Boulogne

**Union Sportive de Boulogne-sur-Mer Côte d'Opale**, or simply known as **US Boulogne**, is a French football team. They are based in the commune of Boulogne-sur-Mer. They currently play in the Championnat National. They are sometimes known as one of the former clubs of N'Golo Kanté and Franck Ribéry.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Boulogne
- **fullname**: Union Sportive de Boulogne-sur-Mer Côte d'Opale
- **founded**: 1898
- **ground**: Stade de la Libération
Boulogne-sur-Mer
- **capacity**: 9,534
- **chairman**: Vincent Boutillier
- **chrtitle**: President
- **coach**: Fabien Dagneaux and Antony Lecointe
- **league**: Ligue 2
- **position**: Championnat National, 3rd of 17 (promoted)
Rivero's Amazon tree frog

**Rivero's Amazon tree frog** (_Dendropsophus riveroi_) is a frog that lives in Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil.  Scientists have seen it between 100 and 350 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is 19 to 20 mm long from nose to rear end.  The adult female frog is 22 to 23 mm long.

This frog comes in many colors, from brown to yellow to whitish.  They often have two or three marks behind each eye.

This frog is named after Juan Rivero, a amphibian scientist from Puerto Rico who helped show that it is its own species.
Dufia Agyarko Kusi

Dufia Agyarko Kusi is a Ghanaian Politician
Phoebe (name)

**Phoebe** is a female given name. The name is feminine of the first name _Phoebus_. _Phoebus_ is a name for "Apollo", and means _bright_.

In Greek mythology, Phoebe was a Titan associated with prophecy and the moon. This was also a name of her granddaughter Artemis. A moon of Saturn has the name in honor of the Titan. The pronunciation of the name is [ **fee**-bee ].  This name was ranked #247 on the US Popular Names in 2021.

A different spelling is Phebe.

## People

- Phoebe Bridgers, American singer-songwriter
- Phoebe Cates, American actress, model, and entrepreneur
- Phoebe Snow, American singer, songwriter and guitarist
- Phoebe Tonkin, Australian actress and singer
- Phoebe Waller-Bridge, English actress, producer and writer
- Phoebe Cary, American writer (1824-1871)
- Phoebe Dynevor, actor
Anita Lee

**Anita Yuen Wah Lee** (; born 21 May 1968) is a Hong Kong-Canadian actress, radio host and YouTube video creator.

She went to Yaumati Catholic Primary School and Pentecostal School.

In 1986, she got into the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts. She later ended her studies because she was invited by TVB to become an actress.

## Personal life

She met a Canadian stockbroker in mid-2001, and got married in Canada in June 2003. They gave birth to a daughter in 2003 and twin brothers in October 2009.

On September 3, 2020, Lee started her own YouTube channel "移加李婉華".
Panevėžys

**Panevėžys** is a city in the north of Lithuania. It is the fifth-largest city. The city is 50 km².

## History

Panevėžys was first mentioned in a document, that was written in 1503, September 7th. In the document, the Grand Duke of Lithuania and the King of Poland gifted some land to a parson from Ramygala. In exchange for the land, the parson had to build a church in the land to fight paganism. A small wooden church was built here.

In 1940, June 5th, the city was taken over by the Soviet Union.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Panevėžys
- **population total**: 85885
- **utc offset dst**: +3
- **timezone dst**: Eastern European Summer Time, EEST
- **utc offset**: +2
- **timezone**: Eastern European Time, EET
- **area code**: (+370) 45
- **postal code**: 35xxx
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **elevation m**: 61
- **area total km2**: 50.1
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population urban**: 124,412
- **established title2**: Granted Magdeburg rights, city rights
- **settlement type**: City municipality
- **image skyline**: Panevezys-Senvages panorama-2006 09.JPG
- **image shield**: Coat of Arms of Panevezys.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of Panevezys.svg
- **image caption**: Panorama overlooking Panevėžys
- **subdivision type**: Countries of the world, Country
- **subdivision name1**: Aukštaitija
- **established date2**: 1837
- **subdivision type2**: County
- **subdivision name2**:  Panevėžys County
- **subdivision type3**: Municipality
- **subdivision name3**: Panevėžys city municipality
- **established date**: 1503
- **established title**: First mentioned
Guigou

**Guigou** is a small town 35 km south-east of Ifrane in the state Fez, Meknes.  It is in Morocco.

## People

- the population of the rural commune of Guigou increased by 14.64%, from 16,249 to 19,035 inhabitants (while its number of households, from 2,820 in 1994, rose to 3,694 in 2004);
- its rural population increased by 2.15%, from 10,801 to 11,059 inhabitants;
- its urban population (which corresponds to that of its capital city of the same name) increased by 21.7%, from 5,448 to 7,976 inhabitants.

## Economy

The main activities of the town are agriculture (mainly potatoes and onions are cultivated there) and animal breeding (mainly sheep).
Sanfourche

**Sanfourche** is a surname. People with the surname include:

- Arthur Sanfourche, (1898-1945), test pilot, mechanic and resistance fighter; father of Jean-Joseph Sanfourche
- Henry Sanfourche, (1775-1841), colonel of the French Empire
- Jean-Joseph Sanfourche, known simply as Sanfourche (1929-2010), French painter, poet, designer and sculptor
- Daniel Sanfourche said de Lamothe, (1683-1763) jurist;
- Jean-Michel Sanfourche, politician, mayor of Souillac (2014-2020);
- Pierre Sanfourche-Laporte, (1774-1856), French jurist;
- Solange Sanfourche, (1922-2013), resistance fighter, spouse of Édouard Valéry;
- Adrien André Sanfourche, (1888-1956), chemical engineer, doctor of physical sciences and scientific
Leon Wyczółkowski

**Leon Jan Wyczółkowski** (24 April 1852 - 27 December 1936) was a Polish artist of the Young Poland period.

Leon Wyczółkowski was a versatile artist, he created works using many technics - painting and graphic.

## Biography

He was born in Huta Miastkowska near the Garwolin. In autumn 1875 he left to the Munich, where he start learning in the atelier of the Hungarian painter - Alexander von Wagner. In 1877 he started learning in the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków as a student of Jan Matejko. In 1880 he come back to Warsaw, when he earned his living mainly by painting portraits. In 1880 he moved to Ukraine where he spend more then 10 years of his life. In this Ukrainian period he painted his most famous pictures presenting rural life. In October 1895 he got a job as a lecturer in the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków.

In 1922 he handed over a collection of asian art to the National Museum in Poznań. For the donation, the painter received the manor house in Gościeradz near Bydgoszcz. He moved to the Gościeradź, where he created atelier. He died from pneumonia in 1936 in Warsaw. Gathering crowds funeral took place in Bydgoszcz. He was buried in the cemetery in Wtelno.

In 1937 Franciszka Wyczółkowska - wife of painter handed over to the city of Bydgoszcz 425 pictures and graphics, sketchbooks, personal things and atelier equipment of Leon Wyczółkowski. Since then, the regional museum in Bydgoszcz has been gradually expanding its collection by purchasing more works by the artist.
Meitei numerals

**Meitei numerals** also known as **Meetei numerals** or **Manipuri numerals** or **Kanglei numerals**, are a system of writing numbers using the letters of the Meitei script. In modern Manipur, they are still used for cardinal numbers. It is a positional notation system. This system has ten basic symbols, which are ꯰, ꯱, ꯲, ꯳, ꯴, ꯵, ꯶, ꯷, ꯸ and ꯹.

|Arabic numerals||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|
|꯰|꯱|꯲|꯳|꯴|꯵|꯶|꯷|꯸|꯹|
|ꯐꯨꯟ phun|ꯑꯃ ama|ꯑꯅꯤ ani|ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ahum|ꯃꯔꯤ mari|ꯃꯉꯥ mangā|ꯇꯔꯨꯛ taruk|ꯇꯔꯦꯠ taret|ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯜ nipāl|ꯃꯥꯄꯜ māpal|

## History

The Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amailon Pukok Puya, an ancient work, mentions the philosophy of the development of the numerals. It was written in the 14th-15th century BC in Ancient Manipur.

## Sources

- https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UABC0.pdf
- https://omniglot.com/writing/manipuri.htm
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272863888_Recognition_of_Handwritten_Numerals_of_Manipuri_Script
- https://sites.google.com/site/knowmanipur/home/the-birth-of-zero-0
- http://www.jamia-physics.net/manipuri/numbers.html

## Infobox (infobox)

- **name**: Meitei numeral system
- **title**: Meitei-Manipuri numeral system
- **label1**: Base
- **data1**: Decimal (base 10)
- **label2**: Zero
- **data2**: ꯰
- **label3**: One
- **data3**: ꯱
- **label4**: Two
- **data4**: ꯲
- **label5**: Three
- **data5**: ꯳
- **label6**: Four
- **data6**: ꯴
- **label7**: Five
- **data7**: ꯵
- **label8**: Six
- **data8**: ꯶
- **label9**: Seven
- **data9**: ꯷
- **label10**: Eight
- **data10**: ꯸
- **label11**: Nine
- **data11**: ꯹
Bertrand Tavernier

**Bertrand Tavernier** (25 April 1941 – 25 March 2021) was a French director, screenwriter, actor and producer.

In 1995, his movie _L'Appât_ won the Golden Bear Award at the 45th Berlin International Film Festival. Four years later, his movie _It All Starts Today_ won an Honourable Mention at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival.

His movie _The Princess of Montpensier_ competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bertrand Tavernier
- **image**: Bertrand Tavernier Deauville 2017.jpg
- **alt**: Photo of Bertrand Tavernier in 2017
- **caption**: Bertrand Tavernier, 2017
- **birth place**: Lyon, France
- **nationality**: French
- **occupation**: Director, producer, screenwriter, actor
- **years active**: 1960–2016
Rob Bonta

**Robert Andres Bonta** (born September 22, 1972) is an American attorney and politician serving as the 34th attorney general of California since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, he was also a member of the California State Assembly for the 18th district from 2012 until 2021. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

When he was elected in 2012, he became the first Filipino-American to enter the California State Legislature.

On March 24, 2021, Governor Gavin Newsom announced that he would be appointing Bonta as Attorney General of California to replace Xavier Becerra. He was sworn-in on April 23, 2021 and became the first Asian-American man to be California attorney general.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rob Bonta
- **image**: Rob Bonta official portrait (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2023
- **office**: 34th Attorney General of California
- **governor**: Gavin Newsom
- **term start**: April 23, 2021
- **predecessor**: Xavier Becerra
- **state assembly1**: California
- **district1**: California's 18th State Assembly district, 18th
- **term start1**: December 3, 2012
- **term end1**: April 22, 2021
- **predecessor1**: Mary Hayashi
- **successor1**: Mia Bonta
- **office2**: Member of the Alameda, California#Government, Alameda City Council
- **term start2**: December 21, 2010
- **term end2**: November 20, 2012
- **predecessor2**: Frank Matarrese
- **successor2**: Marilyn Ezzy Ashcraft
- **birth name**: Robert Andres Bonta
- **birth place**: Quezon City, Philippines
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: Yale University (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Juris Doctor, JD)
University of Oxford
- **children**: 3
Rachel Levine

**Rachel Leland Levine** (; born as **Richard Leland Levine** on October 28, 1957) is an American pediatrician, politician, and four-star admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (PHSCC). Levine is the 17th and current Assistant Secretary for Health since 2021. She was Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Health from 2017 to 2021 during the Tom Wolf administration.

She is a professor of pediatrics and psychiatry at the Penn State College of Medicine. Levine was the Pennsylvania physician general from 2015 to 2017.

On February 13, 2021, President Joe Biden formally nominated Levine to be Assistant Secretary for Health. On March 24, 2021, she  was confirmed by the Senate as Assistant Secretary for Health. She is one of only a few openly transgender government officials in the United States, and was the first to hold an office that requires Senate confirmation. She was sworn-in on March 26, 2021.

On October 19, 2021, Levine became the first openly transgender four-star officer in the nation's eight uniformed services with her commission as a four-star admiral in the United States Public Health Service. She is the first female PHSCC four-star admiral.

## Infobox (uniformed officer)

- **embed**: yes
- **embed title**: Uniformed service
- **branch**: United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Public Health Service Commissioned Corps
- **serviceyears**: 2021–present
- **rank**: Admiral (United States), Admiral


## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Rachel Levine
- **image**: Admiral Rachel L. Levine.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2021
- **office**: 17th Assistant Secretary for Health
- **president**: Joe Biden
- **1blankname**: Secretary
- **1namedata**: Xavier Becerra
- **term start**: March 26, 2021
- **predecessor**: Brett Giroir
- **office1**: Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Health
- **governor1**: Tom Wolf
- **term start1**: July 2017
- **term end1**: January 23, 2021
- **predecessor1**: Karen Murphy (Pennsylvania nurse), Karen Murphy
- **successor1**: Alison Beam (acting)
- **birth place**: Wakefield, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Harvard University (Bachelor of Science, BS)
Tulane University (Doctor of Medicine, MD)
Leila Otadi

**Leila Otadi** () is an Iranian actress born on August 5, 1983Tehran, Iran.

At age of 7, she had a chance to begin acting in film. However her family and she thought school was more important for her at the time than acting. She was introduced to stage acting at the age of 18. Leila’s movie debut was "Black Eyes" by Iraj Ghaderi. Since then she has starred in many movies and recently became the highest paying actress in Iran. She speaks Persian and Turkish fluently and plays tennis, enjoys horseback riding and many other sports.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Leila Otadi
- **image**: Leila Otadi 20180809 01.jpg
- **birth place**: Tehran, Iran
- **education**: Tehran University of Art - Architecture
- **nationality**: Iranian
- **yearsactive**: 2002–present
Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg

The **Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg** () was an state of the Holy Roman Empire that was in Lower Franconia. It existed from 1168–1830.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
- **common name**: Würzburg
- **era**: Middle Ages
- **status**: Prince-Bishopric
- **empire**: Holy Roman Empire
- **status text**: States of the Holy Roman Empire, State of the Holy Roman Empire
- **government type**: Prince-Bishopric
- **year start**: 1168
- **year end**: 1830
- **event pre**: Bishopric founded
- **date pre**: 743
- **event start**: Raised to prince-bishopric
- **event1**: Prince-Bishops styled Dukes in Franconia
- **date event1**: 1441
- **event2**: Ecclesiastical Prince of Franconian Circle
- **date event2**: 1500
- **event post**: Treaty of Pressburg (1830), Ceded to Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand and raised to Grand Duchy of Würzburg, Grand Duchy
- **date post**: 30 September 1830
- **date end**: 25 February
- **event end**: German Mediatisation, Secularised and Annexation, annexed by Bavaria
- **p1**: Duchy of Franconia
- **image p1**:
- **s1**: Electorate of Bavaria
- **flag s1**: Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg
- **image coat**: Wuerzburgsiebmacher.JPG
- **image map**: Prince-bishopric of Würzburg by J.B. Homann.jpg
- **image map caption**: The Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg in the 18th century
- **capital**: Würzburg
- **common languages**: East Franconian German
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism, Roman Catholic
- **title leader**: Prince-Bishop
- **leader1**: Burchard of Würzburg, St Burchard I
- **year leader1**: First bishop (743–55)
- **leader2**: Herold von Hochheim
- **year leader2**: First Prince-Bishop (1165–70)
- **leader3**: Georg Karl von Fechenbach
- **year leader3**: Last (1795–1808; Prince-Bishop to 1803-1830)
Cookie Jar TV

**Cookie Jar TV** (formerly known as **KOL Secret Slumber Party** and KEWLoplis) is a former American children's programming block that aired on CBS. The block was later replaced by CBS Dream Team in September 28, 2013. It is known for programs such as The Doodlebops, Danger Rangers, Liberty’s Kids, and many others.

## Infobox (programming block)

- **name**: Cookie Jar TV
- **channel**: CBS
- **country**: United States
- **headquarters**: West Hollywood, California
- **language**: American English, English
- **format**: Saturday-morning cartoon, Saturday morning children's program block
- **runtime**: 3 hours
Duchy of Franconia

The **Duchy of Franconia** () was one of the five duchies of East Francia. It existed from 882–1125.
Maxvorstadt

**Maxvorstadt** (Central Bavarian: _Maxvorstod_) is a borough of Munich, Bavaria.
Dendi language

The **Dendi language** is spoken by the people of Benin.
Plague doctor

A **plague doctor** was a doctor in the 1340s who tried to stop the Black Death from spreading.

## Clothes

The doctors would also carry canes to poke bodies to test if they were still alive and to remind them to stay the correct distance away.  The doctors could also examine patients using the cane.  The doctors would wear large masks that looked like birds' beaks.  This was because people believed the plague spread on bad air.  The beaks of the masks were filled with plants, vinegar sponges, or perfume to protect the doctor from the bad air.  Plague doctors wore robes covered in wax so body fluids would not stick to it.  They wore glass goggles over their eyes.  They would wear goggles if they could.

## Popular culture

People in the Venetian Carnival dress as plague doctors.
Samy Azer

**Samy A. Azer** is an Egyptian-born Australian physician author and medical educator. He was honoured to contribute to medical education in several countries, including the University of Sydney and the University of Melbourne in Australia, the University of Toyama in Japan, the Universiti Teknologi MARA in Malaysia, and King Saud University in Saudi Arabia.

## Career

He graduated in medicine and completed his training in gastroenterology. He obtained his PhD from the University of Sydney and a Master in Education from the University of New South Wales, in Australia. He is a fellow of the American College of Gastroenterology and a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine. He was a Senior Lecturer at the University of Sydney and the University of Melbourne. He is a visiting professor at the University of Toyama, Japan and was a professor of Medical Education at Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. Professor Azer was a consultant to the Victorian Postgraduate Medical Foundation (VMPF), Australia. He has been invited as keynote speaker to South East Asia, Sweden, Turkey, the Middle East countries and the United States. He has over 100 original articles published in scientific journals. He is Editor at PLOS ONE, Editor at MEDICINE, and on the World Journal of Gastroenterology and BMC Medical Education.
Lina Khan

**Lina M. Khan** (born March 3, 1989) is an American legal scholar. Her works focused in antitrust and competition law in the United States. She is an associate professor of law at Columbia Law School. She was the Chair of the Federal Trade Commission from 2021 to 2025.

On March 22, 2021, President Joe Biden announced he was nominating her to be a Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission. On June 15, 2021, her nomination was confirmed by the Senate by a vote of 69 to 28.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lina Khan
- **image**: Lina Khan, FTC Chair.jpg
- **office**: List of chairs of the Federal Trade Commission, Chair of the Federal Trade Commission
- **president**: Joe Biden
- **term start**: June 15, 2021
- **term end**: January 20, 2025
- **predecessor**: Rebecca Slaughter (acting)
- **successor**: Andrew N. Ferguson
- **office1**: Commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission
- **president1**: Joe Biden
- **term start1**: June 15, 2021
- **term end1**: January 20, 2025
- **predecessor1**: Joseph Simons
- **birth place**: London, England, UK
- **education**: Williams College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Yale University (Juris Doctor, JD)
Federal Trade Commission

The **Federal Trade Commission** (**FTC**) is an independent agency of the United States government. They focus on the enforcement of civil (non-criminal) U.S. antitrust law and the promotion of consumer protection.

The Commission is headed by five Commissioners, each serving a seven-year term. Commissioners are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. No more than three Commissioners can be of the same political party.

The President chooses one Commissioner to act as Chairman.

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: Federal Trade Commission
- **logo**: Flag of the United States Federal Trade Commission.svg
- **logo caption**: Flag of the Federal Trade Commission
- **seal**: Seal of the United States Federal Trade Commission.svg
- **seal width**: 150 px
- **seal caption**: Seal of the Federal Trade Commission
- **preceding1**: Bureau of Corporations
- **jurisdiction**: United States
- **headquarters**: Federal Trade Commission Building
Washington, D.C.
- **employees**: 1,131 (December 2011)
- **budget**: $311 million (FY 2019)
- **chief1 position**: Chair
- **chief2 name**: Andrew N. Ferguson
John Magaw

**John William Magaw** (born 1935) is a former administrator for the United States Federal Government. He began his career in public service in 1959 as a state trooper with the Ohio State Highway Patrol.

Magaw became a special agent with the United States Secret Service in 1967.

Magaw was appointed senior advisor to the director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for terrorism preparedness in December 1999.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Magaw
- **image**: john magaw.jpg
- **office**: Transportation Security Administration, Under Secretary of Transportation for Security
- **president**: George W. Bush
- **term start**: January 28, 2002
- **term end**: July 18, 2002
- **predecessor**: Position established
- **successor**: James Loy
- **office1**: Acting administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency
- **president1**: George W. Bush
- **term start1**: January 20, 2001
- **term end1**: February 15, 2001
- **predecessor1**: James Lee Witt
- **successor1**: Joe Allbaugh
- **office2**: 4th Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
- **president2**: Bill Clinton
- **term start2**: 1993
- **term end2**: 1999
- **predecessor2**: Stephen Higgins
- **successor2**: Bradley A. Buckles
- **office3**: 17th Director of the United States Secret Service
- **president3**: George H. W. Bush
- **term start3**: 1992
- **term end3**: 1993
- **predecessor3**: John Simpson (police official), John Simpson
- **successor3**: Eljay Bowron
- **birth name**: John William Magaw
- **birth place**: Columbus, Ohio, U.S.
- **education**: Otterbein University (Bachelor of Science, BS)
David Zayas

**David Zayas** (born August 15, 1962) is a Puerto Rican actor. He is best known for his roles as Angel Batista on Showtime's series _Dexter_, Osborne the cop in _Rounders_ (1998), Enrique Morales on the HBO prison drama series _Oz_, Lou the bodega owner in _Annie_ (2014) and Sal Maroni on Fox's series _Gotham_.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: David Zayas by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Zayas in 2013
- **birth place**: Ponce, Puerto Rico
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1995–present
- **notable works**: Angel Batista on _Dexter (TV series), Dexter_
 Enrique Morales on _Oz (TV series), Oz_
 Sal Maroni on _Gotham (TV series), Gotham_
- **spouse**: Liza Colón-Zayas
Raymond J. Barry

**Raymond John Barry** (born March 14, 1939) is an American actor. He was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male for his role in _Steel City_. He also played Chester Hoenicker in _Flubber_.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Raymond J. Barry by Nathan Morgan.jpg
- **caption**: Raymond John Barry family
- **birthname**: Raymond John Barry
- **birth place**: Hempstead (village), New York, Hempstead, New York, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1974–present
- **spouse**: Robyn Mundell
- **children**: 4
Hempstead (village), New York

**The Incorporated** **Village** **of** **Hempstead** is located in the Town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 59,169 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Hempstead
- **official name**: Incorporated Village of Hempstead
- **settlement type**: Village (New York), Village and town seat
- **pushpin map**: USA New York Long Island#New York#USA
- **pushpin label**: Hempstead, New York
- **pushpin map caption**: Location on Long Island##Location within the state of New York##Location within the contiguous United States
- **image map**: Nassau County New York incorporated and unincorporated areas Hempstead (village) highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location in Nassau County, New York, Nassau County and the state of New York (state), New York.
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of regions of the United States#New York, Region
- **subdivision name2**: Long Island
- **subdivision type3**: County (New York), County
- **subdivision type4**: :Category:Towns in New York (state), Town
- **subdivision name4**: Hempstead, New York, Town of Hempstead
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1643
- **established title2**: Municipal incorporation, Incorporated
- **established date2**: 1853
- **named for**: Heemstede, Heemstede, Netherlands
Hemel Hempstead, Hemel Hempstead, UK
- **leader title**: Mayor (United States), Mayor
- **area total sq mi**: 3.70
- **area total km2**: 9.57
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 59169
- **population density km2**: 6189.90
- **population density sq mi**: 16030.62
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, EST
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: Eastern Daylight Time, EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-33139
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area land km2**: 9.56
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **area land sq mi**: 3.69
- **area water sq mi**: 0.01
- **image skyline**: Aerial view of Hempstead, July 2019.JPG
- **image caption**: Hempstead in 2019, as seen from the air.
- **area code**: Area code 516, 516
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0952574
- **postal code**: 11550
- **postal code type**: Zip Code
- **leader title1**: Deputy mayor, Deputy Mayor
Paul Gough

**Paul Gough** is an British academic and painter who is the current Vice Chancellor of Arts University Bournemouth, England.

He got his first degree and Master's degree in Fine Art and both from Royal College of Art, London. In 1991, he went further with a PhD on  First World War Art.

He is the former pro chancellor, dean of faculty of creative art and worked with BBC Radio.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Paul Gough
- **nationality**: United Kingdom
- **education**: Professor
- **alma mater**: Royal College of Art, London
- **occupation**: Lecturing
- **organization**: Arts University Bournemouth
Leima

**"Leima"** (a Meitei language word for "Queen" or "Mistress" or "Lady") may refer to:
- Ayangleima (disambiguation), a disambiguation page.
- Irai Leima, the Meitei goddess of water.
- Koiren Leima, the dual goddesses, who are the consorts of Thangching.
- Kounu Leima, a consort of Koubru.
- Lan Leima, the Meitei goddess of wealth.
- Laan Leima, the Meitei goddess of war.
- Leima Jagoi, a dance form performed by ladies.
- Leima Leinaotabi, the Meitei goddess of sorcery.
- Malem Leima, the Meitei goddess of earth.
- Nga Leima, the Meitei goddess of fish.
- Nongthang Leima, the Meitei goddess of thunder and lightning.
- Phou Leima, the Meitei goddess of grains, paddy and agriculture.
- Thongak Leima, the Meitei goddess of death.
- Thoom Leima, the Meitei goddess of salt and salt brines.
- Yumjao Leima, the Meitei goddess of household and royalty.
Ayangleima

**"Ayangleima"** or **"Ayang Leima"** may refer to:
- Koiren Leima
- Panthoibi
Irai Ningthou

**Irai Ningthou** () or **Ike Ningthau** () is a God in Meitei mythology and religion (Sanamahism) of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak). He is the God and the divine male personification of water. He mainly dwells in the rivers and lakes.
He is the consort of Irai Leima (alias _Ireima_). The divine couples are regarded as the spirits of the water bodies.

## Name

The name _"Irai Ningthou"_ literally means _"King of water"_ or _"Chief of water"_.

## Worship

When a person gets ill after bathing in a water body, people believed that the water spirits (Irai Ningthou and his wife Irai Leima) had caught the person. To get well again, people worship the two deities. For this, the maibas perform the rites and rituals. The offerings include 2 eggs and 7 bamboo vessels filled up with rice paste.

The Thadou people also highly honour the water deities. They offer wild sacrifices like white fowl, pig, dog or he-goat to the God.

## Other websites

- Irai Ningthou_archive.org
- Irai Ningthou (Ike Ningthau)_English Wikisource

## Infobox (deity)

- **type**: Meitei
- **name**: Irai Ningthou
 ()
- **deity of**: God of Water
- **member of**: :en:List of water deities, water deities
- **image**: IRAI NINGTHOU.jpg
- **caption**: The divine name "Irai Ningthou", written in Meitei Mayek abugida
- **other names**: Irai Ningthau, Ike Ningthou, Ike Ningthau, Erai Ningthou, Erai Ningthau, Eke Ningthou, Eke Ningthau
- **affiliation**: Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) and Meitei religion (Sanamahism)
- **abodes**: Rivers and Lakes
- **consort**: Irai Leima (Ireima)
- **texts**: PuYas
- **gender**: Male
- **region**: Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur)
- **ethnic group**: Meitei ethnicity
- **festivals**: Lai Haraoba
BIJ1

**BIJ1** is a political party in The Netherlands. It supports racial equality and combats discrimination.

Political founder is Sylvana Simons.

BIJ1 was established in 2016 with the Dutch name _Artikel 1_ and renamed as BIJ1 in 2017. The word _bijeen_ (bij1) in the Dutch language means _together_.

The number of seats in the 2023 elections: 0 (-1).

## Political leaders

- Sylvana Simons - 2021–2023
- Edson Olf - 2023–present

## Other website

- Website of BIJ1
Sattar Oraki

**Sattar Oraki** (, born 5 May 1969) is an Iranian Composer.

He has  scored Academy Award-winning movies such as A Separation and The Salesman. Oraki is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sattar Oraki
 ستار اورکی
- **image**: Sattar Oraki, 2018 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: At the Fajr International Film Festival 2018
- **birth place**: Ahvaz, Iran
- **occupation**: Composer
- **yearsactive**: 2007–present
- **known for**: A Separation and The Salesman
- **nationality**: Iranian
Phou Ningthou

**Phou Ningthou** is a deity in Meitei mythology and religion (Sanamahism) of Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur). He is the God and the divine male personification of the agriculture, crops, fertility, grains, harvesting, paddy, rice and wealth. He is the consort of Phouoibi (Phouleima), the goddess of crops and agricultural fertility.

## Worship

Phou Ningthou is worshipped with Phouoibi, the goddess of rice. Farmers prayed to the two deities for a doubling of the previous year's yield, after the harvest.

**Phoukourol (Phoukouron or Phougourol or Phougouron)** is a sacred hymn to call the spirit of the paddy. It is generally sung during harvesting. It is done before the harvested crops are stored in the grain house.

The **Phou Kouba** (calling the paddy/rice) ceremony is usually performed during mis-happenings to the farmers. Mis-happenings may be theft or burning of the paddy/rice, an animal like cow trespasses the threshing ground, etc. People perform the rites and rituals to induce the deity to stay at their places.

Sareng fish (Wallago attu, helicopter catfish) with rice is the most important offering to the deity. It should be cooked with herbs and not with spices.

## Infobox (deity)

- **type**: Meitei
- **name**: Phou Ningthou
- **deity of**: God of agriculture, crops, fertility, grains, harvesting, paddy, rice
- **member of**: agricultural deities
- **image**: Phou Ningthou — God of agricultural crops (esp. paddy) & harvest — Husband of Lady Phouoibi (Phouleima) — Classical Meitei mythology & traditional Meitei religion (Sanamahism AKA Lainingthouism) of ancient Kangleipak civilisation.jpg
- **caption**: Phou Ningthou
- **other names**: Phouningthou
- **script name**: Meitei
- **script**:
- **affiliation**: Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) and Meitei religion (Sanamahism)
- **abodes**: agricultural fields or granaries
- **symbol**: paddy plants
- **consort**: Phouoibi (Phouleima)
- **texts**: PuYas
- **gender**: Male
- **region**: Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur)
- **ethnic group**: Meitei ethnicity
- **festivals**: Lai Haraoba