juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Rasha Shurbatji

**Rasha Sharbaji** (Arabic: رشا شربتجي )(born April 20 1975 in Cairo, Egypt) is a Syrian film director and producer.  She directed the Egyptian television series “Sharaf Fatah Al Bab” (Sharaf Opened the Door). She also directed the series "Longing". She is the daughter of Syrian director Hisham Sharbatji.  She spent her childhood with her mother in Cairo.  She worked as a kindergarten teacher in the UAE before returning to Syria to live with her father.  She married cameraman Nasser Rca.

## Work

Rasha was an assistant to her father before directing various television series.

Syrian drama:
- Law, but...(قانون و لكن ) 2003

Television series:
- Soft Thornes (أشواك ناعمة) 2005
- Deers in the forest of the wolves (غزلان في غابة الذئاب) 2006
- Another rainy day, (يوم ممطر أخر) 2008
- Period of Shame (زمن العار) 2009
- Asaad Al-Waraq, (أسعد الوراق) 2010
- Takht-east,(تخت شرقي) 2010)
- Loin born (الولاد من الخاصرة) 2011, 2012, 2013
- The family's girls, (بنات العيلة) 2012
Ma fiyyeh 2019
Egyptian television drama series:
- Boys of the night, (أولاد الليل) 2007
- Son of Arandilli (إبن الأرندلي) 2008
- Sharaf opened the door, (شرف فتح الباب) 2009
Chris Van Hollen

**Christopher "Chris" Van Hollen, Jr.** (born January 10, 1959) is an American politician. He is the senior United States Senator from Maryland, serving since January 3, 2017.  From 2003-17, he served as the U.S. Representative for . He is a member of the Democratic Party.

## Other websites

- Official Senator Van Hollen Website
- Chris Van Hollen for Senate

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Chris Van Hollen
- **image**: Chris Van Hollen official portrait 115th Congress.jpg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Maryland
- **alongside**: Angela Alsobrooks
- **term start**: January 3, 2017
- **predecessor**: Barbara Mikulski
- **office1**: Chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee
- **leader1**: Chuck Schumer
- **term start1**: January 3, 2017
- **term end1**: January 3, 2019
- **predecessor1**: Jon Tester
- **successor1**: Catherine Cortez Masto
- **office2**: Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives, House Democratic Assistant to the Leader
- **leader2**: Nancy Pelosi
- **term start2**: January 3, 2009
- **term end2**: January 3, 2011
- **predecessor2**: Xavier Becerra
- **successor2**: Jim Clyburn (Assistant Democratic Leader)
- **office3**: Chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
- **leader3**: Nancy Pelosi
- **term start3**: January 3, 2007
- **term end3**: January 3, 2011
- **predecessor3**: Rahm Emanuel
- **successor3**: Steve Israel
- **state4**: Maryland
- **term start4**: January 3, 2003
- **term end4**: January 3, 2017
- **predecessor4**: Connie Morella
- **successor4**: Jamie Raskin
- **state senate5**: Maryland
- **district5**: 18th
- **term start5**: January 11, 1995
- **term end5**: January 8, 2003
- **predecessor5**: Patricia Sher
- **successor5**: Sharon M. Grosfeld
- **state delegate6**: Maryland
- **district6**: 18th
- **term start6**: January 9, 1991
- **term end6**: January 11, 1995
- **predecessor6**: Patricia Sher
Lawrence Wiser
- **successor6**: Sharon Grosfeld
- **birth date**: Christopher Van Hollen Jr.

- **birth place**: Karachi, Pakistan
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 3
- **father**: Christopher Van Hollen (diplomat), Christopher Van Hollen
- **education**: Swarthmore College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Harvard University (Master of Public Policy, MPP)
Georgetown University (Juris Doctor, JD)
- **signature**: Chris Van Hollen Signature.svg
Police state

**Police state** is a country where activities of its people are controlled by the government with the help of a strong police force. Many times these governments use a secret police unit to supervise and limit their citizens' activities during some special circumstance. Judicial review in a police state either doesn't exist or is regularly manipulated by government officials only.

## Related pages

- Separation of powers
Gary Peters

**Gary Charles Peters** (born December 1, 1958) is an American politician who is the senior United States Senator from Michigan. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the U.S. Representative for  from 2013 until his election to the Senate.

He previously represented  from 2009 to 2013. Following the redrawing of congressional district boundaries after the 2010 United States Census, Peters defeated fellow Congressman Hansen Clarke in the Democratic primary and won re-election in the newly redrawn 14th District.

## Other websites

- U.S. Senator Gary Peters official U.S. Senate site
- Gary Peters for U.S. Senate

- _Follow The Money_ - Gary Peters
    - 2002 Attorney General campaign contributions
    - 2000 Governor campaign contributions
    - 1998 State Senate campaign contributions

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gary Peters
- **image**: Gary Peters official photo 115th congress.jpg
- **office**: United States Senate, United States Senator
from Michigan
- **alongside**: Elissa Slotkin
- **term start**: January 3, 2015
- **predecessor**: Carl Levin
- **state1**: Michigan
- **term start1**: January 3, 2013
- **term end1**: January 3, 2015
- **predecessor1**: John Conyers
- **successor1**: Brenda Lawrence
- **state2**: Michigan
- **term start2**: January 3, 2009
- **term end2**: January 3, 2013
- **predecessor2**: Joe Knollenberg
- **successor2**: Sander Levin
- **office4**: Commissioner of the Michigan Lottery
- **term start4**: April 9, 2003
- **term end4**: August 7, 2007
- **governor4**: Jennifer Granholm
- **predecessor4**: Jim Kipp
- **successor4**: Scott Bowen
- **state senate5**: Michigan
- **district5**: 14th
- **term start5**: January 3, 1995
- **term end5**: December 31, 2002
- **predecessor5**: Jon Cisky
- **successor5**: Gilda Jacobs
- **birth place**: Pontiac, Michigan, Pontiac, Michigan, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Colleen Ochoa
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Alma College
University of Detroit Mercy, University of Detroit
Wayne State University

- **website**:

- **serviceyears**: 1993–2000
2001–2005
- **rank**:  Lieutenant commander (United States), Lieutenant Commander
- **unit**: Navy Supply Corps (United States), Supply Officer
United States Navy Reserve
- **mawards**: Achievement Medal
Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal, MOVS Medal
Jon Tester

**Jonathan** "**Jon**" **Tester** (born August 21, 1956) served as the senior United States Senator from Montana from 2007 to 2025. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Tester was first elected to the Senate in 2006, beating Republican incumbent Conrad Burns in one of the closest Senate races of that year. He won re-election in 2012 against Rep. Denny Rehberg in another close race.

Tester previously served as the president of the Montana Senate and worked as a music teacher and farmer. He became the senior Senator in 2014 when Max Baucus resigned to become U.S. ambassador to China.

Tester lost his re-election campaign to Republican businessman Tim Sheehy in November 2024.

At the age of nine, he lost the middle three fingers of his left hand in a meat-grinder accident.

## Other websites

- Senator Jon Tester  official U.S. Senate site
- Jon Tester for Senate

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jon Tester
- **image**: JonTester.jpg
- **office1**: Chair of the United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs, Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee
- **term start1**: February 3, 2021
- **term end1**: January 3, 2025
- **predecessor1**: Jerry Moran
- **successor1**: Jerry Moran
- **office2**: Ranking Member of the United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs, Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee
- **term start2**: January 3, 2017
- **term end2**: February 3, 2021
- **predecessor2**: Richard Blumenthal
- **successor2**: Jerry Moran
- **office3**: Chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee
- **leader3**: Harry Reid
- **term start3**: January 3, 2015
- **term end3**: January 3, 2017
- **predecessor3**: Michael Bennet
- **successor3**: Chris Van Hollen
- **office4**: Chair of the United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, Senate Indian Affairs Committee
- **term start4**: February 12, 2014
- **term end4**: January 3, 2015
- **predecessor4**: Maria Cantwell
- **successor4**: John Barrasso
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Montana
- **term start**: January 3, 2007
- **term end**: January 3, 2025
- **predecessor**: Conrad Burns
- **successor**: Tim Sheehy (American politician), Tim Sheehy
- **office5**: President of the Montana Senate
- **deputy5**: Dan Harrington (politician), Dan Harrington
- **term start5**: January 3, 2005
- **term end5**: January 3, 2007
- **predecessor5**: Bob Keenan
- **successor5**: Mike Cooney
- **office6**: Member of the Montana Senate
- **term start6**: January 4, 1999
- **term end6**: January 3, 2007
- **predecessor6**: Loren Jenkins
- **successor6**: Jim Peterson (Montana politician), Jim Peterson
- **birth name**: Raymond Jon Tester
- **birth place**: Big Sandy, Montana, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 3
- **education**: University of Providence, College of Great Falls (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
- **signature**: Jon Tester signature 2005.gif
Heidi Heitkamp

**Mary Kathryn** "**Heidi**" **Heitkamp**  (born October 30, 1955) is an American attorney and politician. She was the junior United States Senator from North Dakota from 2013 to 2019. She lost re-election in November 2018 to Kevin Cramer.

A member of the North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party, she is the first woman elected to the US Senate from North Dakota. She served as the 28th North Dakota Attorney General from 1993 to 2001 and as State Tax Commissioner from 1989 to 1993.

Heitkamp ran for governor of North Dakota in 2000 and lost to Republican John Hoeven.

Heitkamp is North Dakota's second female senator, after Jocelyn Burdick, who was appointed to the office.

In December 2016, it was reported that Heitkamp was being considered for agriculture secretary by president-elect Donald Trump, but she was not officially chosen for any cabinet positions.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Heidi Heitkamp
- **image**: Heidi Heitkamp official portrait 113th Congress.jpg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: North Dakota
- **term start**: January 3, 2013
- **term end**: January 3, 2019
- **predecessor**: Kent Conrad
- **successor**: Kevin Cramer
- **office1**: 28th North Dakota Attorney General, Attorney General of North Dakota
- **governor1**: Ed Schafer
- **term start1**: December 15, 1992
- **term end1**: December 15, 2000
- **predecessor1**: Nicholas Spaeth
- **successor1**: Wayne Stenehjem
- **office2**: 20th North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner, Tax Commissioner of North Dakota
- **governor2**: George Sinner
- **term start2**: December 2, 1986
- **term end2**: December 15, 1992
- **predecessor2**: Kent Conrad
- **successor2**: Robert E. Hanson, Robert Hanson
- **birth name**: Mary Kathryn Heitkamp
- **birth place**: Breckenridge, Minnesota, Breckenridge, Minnesota, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Darwin Lange
- **children**: 2
- **education**: University of North Dakota
Lewis & Clark College, Lewis and Clark College
Ron Wyden

**Ronald Lee** "**Ron**" **Wyden**  (born May 3, 1949) is the senior United States Senator for Oregon, serving since 1996. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He previously served in the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1996.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Ron Wyden
- **image**: Ron Wyden 117th Congress (cropped) 2.jpeg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Oregon
- **alongside**: Jeff Merkley
- **term start**: February 5, 1996
- **predecessor**: Bob Packwood
- **office1**: Ranking Member of the United States Senate Committee on Finance, Senate Finance Committee
- **term start1**: January 3, 2015
- **predecessor1**: Orrin Hatch
- **office2**: Chair of the United States Senate Committee on Finance, Senate Finance Committee
- **term start2**: February 12, 2014
- **term end2**: January 3, 2015
- **predecessor2**: Max Baucus
- **successor2**: Orrin Hatch
- **office3**: Chair of the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, Senate Energy Committee
- **term start3**: January 3, 2013
- **term end3**: February 12, 2014
- **predecessor3**: Jeff Bingaman
- **successor3**: Mary Landrieu
- **state4**: Oregon
- **term start4**: January 3, 1981
- **term end4**: February 5, 1996
- **predecessor4**: Robert B. Duncan, Robert Duncan
- **successor4**: Earl Blumenauer
- **birth name**: Ronald Lee Wyden
- **birth place**: Wichita, Kansas, Wichita, Kansas, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Laurie Oseran
Nancy Bass
- **children**: 5
- **education**: University of California, Santa Barbara
Stanford University
University of Oregon
Mike Lee

**Michael Shumway** "**Mike**" **Lee** (born June 4, 1971) is an American politician and lawyer who is the senior United States Senator from Utah. A member of the Republican Party, Lee has served in the U.S. Senate since January 3, 2011.

Lee tested positive for COVID-19 on October 1, 2020.

## Other websites

- Senator Mike Lee official U.S. Senate website
- Mike Lee for Senate

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mike Lee
- **image**: Mike Lee, official portrait.jpg
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: Utah
- **alongside**: John Curtis (Utah politician), John Curtis
- **term start**: January 3, 2011
- **predecessor**: Bob Bennett (politician), Bob Bennett
- **birth name**: Michael Shumway Lee
- **birth place**: Mesa, Arizona, Mesa, Arizona, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Sharon Burr
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Brigham Young University
Rasha Sharbaji (disambiguation)

Rasha Sharbaji may refer to:

- Rasha Sharbaji, Syrian mother and former political prisoner
- Rasha Sharbaji (director), Syrian television director
Florence Pendleton

**Florence H. Pendleton** (January 28, 1926 – September 10, 2020) was an American politician and activist. She was the shadow senator from the District of Columbia.

As the first shadow senator of the District of Columbia, her main goal was to promote the efforts of the District to gain full voting rights, alongside her counterpart in Seat 2. She was inaugurated as the first ever shadow senator on January 3, 1991.  She retired in 2007.

Pendleton died on September 10, 2020 in Columbus, Georgia at the age of 94.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Florence Pendleton
- **office**: Shadow congressperson, United States Shadow Senator
from the Washington, D.C., District of Columbia
- **term start**: January 3, 1991
- **term end**: January 3, 2007
- **predecessor**: Seat established
- **successor**: Michael Donald Brown, Michael Brown
- **birth place**: Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, U.S.
- **death place**: Columbus, Georgia, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party
- **alma mater**: Howard University
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Michael Donald Brown

**Michael Donald "Mike" Brown** (born August 5, 1953) was a shadow senator from the District of Columbia.

As a shadow senator, Brown receives no pay from the government, receives no budget from the government, and cannot vote on matters before the Senate. While he does not have an office in the United States Senate, the Government of the District provides the position with an office.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Michael Donald Brown
- **image**: Michael Donald Brown.jpg
- **office**: Shadow congressperson, United States Shadow Senator
from the Washington, D.C., District of Columbia
- **term start**: January 3, 2007
- **term end**: January 3, 2025
- **predecessor**: Florence Pendleton
- **successor**: Ankit Jain
- **birth place**: Newark, New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (Before 2014, 2017–present)
Independent politician, Independent (2014–2017)
- **education**: University of Maryland, College Park, University of Maryland, College
Park
Paul Strauss

**Paul Eric Strauss** (born April 11, 1964) is a shadow senator from the District of Columbia.

## Political career

As one of the District of Columbia's two Shadow Senators, Strauss lobbies the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives on behalf of the citizens of D.C. in their attempt to gain full federal representation, self-determination, and eventually admittance to the Union as the 51st state.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Paul Strauss
- **image**: Paul Strauss.jpg
- **office**: Shadow congressperson, United States Shadow Senator
from the Washington, D.C., District of Columbia
- **alongside**: Ankit Jain
- **term start**: January 3, 1997
- **predecessor**: Jesse Jackson
- **birth name**: Paul Eric Strauss
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York City, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Kathy Strauss
- **children**: 2
- **education**: American University
Eddy Pauwels

**Eddy Pauwels** (2 May 1935 – 6 March 2017) was a former Belgian racing cyclist from 1958 to 1966. He won 4 stages in the Tour de France and wore the yellow jersey for 4 days in total. In 1962, Pauwels won the combativity award in the Tour de France.

Pauwels died on 6 March 2017 in Brussels at the age of 81.

## Infobox (cyclist)

- **name**: Eddy Pauwels
- **image**: Eddy Pauwels, Tour de France 1964.jpg
- **caption**: Pauwels at the 1964 Tour de France
- **fullname**: Eddy Pauwels
- **birth place**: Bornem, Belgium
- **death place**: Brussels, Belgium
- **currentteam**: Retired
- **discipline**: Road
- **role**: Rider
- **majorwins**: 4 stages in the Tour de France
Ron Bass (wrestler)

**Ronald Heard** (December 21, 1948 – March 7, 2017) was a former American professional wrestler. He was  best known under the name "The Outlaw" **Ron Bass**. His gimmick was a Texan cowboy who entered World Wrestling Federation (WWF) rings to the sound of a bullwhip.

In March 2017, Bass was hospitalized in Tampa, Florida due to a burst appendix and underwent surgery. He died on March 7, 2017 from complications of appendicitis-related surgery at the age of 68. After his death, an autopsy revealed that Heard had been suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Ron Bass
- **birthname**: Ronald Heard
- **names**: "The Outlaw" Ron Bass
- **image**: Ron Bass NWA Southern Heavyweight Champion.png
- **birth place**: Harrisburg, Arkansas
- **death place**: Tampa, Florida, Tampa, Florida
- **billed**: Pampa, Texas
- **debut**: 1971
- **retired**: 1991
Syed Sajjad Ali Shah

**Syed Sajjad Ali Shah** (17 February 1933 – 7 March 2017) was a Pakistani politician and lawyer. He was the Chief Justice of Pakistan from 4 June 1994 to 2 December 1997.

When Dr. Nasim Hasan Shah retired as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1994, Justice Saad Saud Jan should have taken his place based on seniority. Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto threw tradition overboard, when she by-passed two senior judges and appointed Sajjad Ali Shah as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Later, she was fired by President Farooq Leghari on charges of corruption and Sajjad Ali Shah along with 6 other members of the Supreme Court were fired as well.

Sajjad Ali Shah was born in Karachi. He studied at the University of Karachi. Sajjad Ali Shah died of pneumonia on 7 March 2017 in Karachi, aged 84.
Helen Sommers

**Helen Sommers** (March 29, 1932 – March 7, 2017) was an American politician. She served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1972 to 2009. She represented the 36th district, as a member of the Democratic Party. At the time of her retirement she was the state's longest serving legislator.

Sommers was born in Woodbury Heights, New Jersey. She studied at the University of Washington. Sommers died on March 7, 2017 in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida from natural causes, aged 84.
Douglas Henry

**Douglas Henry** (May 18, 1926 – March 5, 2017) was an American politician and attorney. He was the longest-serving member of the Tennessee legislature. He was a member of the Tennessee Senate, representing the 21st district (part of Davidson County) from 1971 through his retirement in 2014.

Henry served as a state senator beginning with his election to the 87th General Assembly, prior to which he was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives during the 79th General Assembly.

Henry was a stronger supporter of education, children's welfare, and voting rights, and an opponent of abortion. He helped remove a portrait of anti-Confederate Governor William G. Brownlow and install a bust of Confederate Lieutenant General and early Ku Klux Klan member Nathan Bedford Forrest in the Tennessee State Capitol.

Henry was born in Nashville, Tennessee. He studied at Vanderbilt University. Henry died on March 5, 2017 in Nashville from natural causes, aged 90.
Lynne Stewart

**Lynne Irene Stewart** (October 8, 1939 – March 7, 2017) was an American defense attorney and convicted criminal. She was known for representing controversial, poor, and often unpopular defendants. She was convicted of helping pass messages from her client, Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman, an Egyptian cleric convicted of planning terror attacks, in 2005.

Stewart was called a "radical-leftist American lawyer" by The New York Times.

## Early life

Stewart was born in Brooklyn, New York. She was raised in Queens, New York. She studied at Wagner College and at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey.

## Prison years

Stewart was convicted on charges of conspiracy and providing material support to terrorists in 2005, and sentenced to 28 months in prison. Her felony conviction led to her being automatically disbarred. She was convicted of helping pass messages from her client, Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman, an Egyptian cleric convicted of planning terror attacks, to his followers in al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, an organization designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the United States Secretary of State.

She was re-sentenced on July 15, 2010, to 10 years in prison in light of her perjury at trial. She served her sentence at the Federal Medical Center, Carswell, a federal prison in Fort Worth, Texas.

Stewart was released from prison on December 31, 2013 on a compassionate release order because of her terminal breast cancer diagnosis.

## Death

Stewart died at her home in Brooklyn, New York from a stroke and complications of breast cancer, aged 77.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lynne Stewart
- **image**: Lynne Stewart (cropped).JPG
- **caption**: Lynne Stewart
- **birth name**: Lynne Irene Feltham
- **birth place**: Brooklyn, New York (state), New York, United States
- **death place**: Brooklyn, New York, United States
- **education**: Rutgers School of Law–Newark
- **occupation**: Defense attorney
- **spouse**: Ralph Poynter
- **children**: 1
Thanjavur Taluk

Thanjavur Taluk is a tehsil or taluk or administrative division of the Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Thanjavur, which is also the district headquarters. It itself has been further divided into two revenue blocks: Budalur block and Thanjavur block.

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Thanjavur had a population of 510,411 with 253,723  males and 256,688 females. There were 1012 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 78.51%. Of the children less than six years of age, 23,251 were male and 21,749 were female.
Kumbakonam Taluk

**Kumbakonam Taluk** is a taluk of Thanjavur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Kumbakonam. Big towns in this taluk are Kumbakonam, Dharasuram, Thirunageswaram, Ullur, Perumandi, Natchiyar Koil, Annalagraham, Swamimalai and Cholapuram.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Kumbakonam had a population of 435,962 with 216,186 males and 219,776 females. There were 1017 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 78.05. Child population in the age group below 6 was 20,558 Males and 19,889 Females.
Orathanadu Taluk

Orathanadu Taluk is a taluk of Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk are located at Orathanadu.

As of the Census of India 2011, the population of Orathanadu taluk of Thanjavur district is 1,60,367 with 40,383 households.The total population constitute, 77,719 males and 82,648 females —a sex ratio of 1063 females per 1000 males. 15,597 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 8,004 are boys and 7,593 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 75.16% with 108,813 literates.
Shah Yaqeeq Bukhari

**Shah Aqeeq Bukhari** (c. 1432 – c. 1451) (known as **Shah Yaqeeq/Aqeeq Baba**) was a Suhrawardi Sufi. He lived in Sindh, Pakistan

## Life

Shah Aqeeq lived from about 1432 to 1451. He is celebrated as a Suhrawardi Sufi Saint. Shah Aqeeq lived in Uch, Punjab till the age of 7 but after his father Muhammad Sharifuddin Ibn Abdullah Bhukari's death he and their brothers migrated to Sindh. In Sindh Shah Aqeeq met with Mian Usaman Shah. Severals years later he became the successor of Mian Usman Shah.

## Urs (annual death anniversary)

The urs () is celebrated every year in the month of the Jumada al-awwal The _Urs is (_anniversary of his death celebrated in the town of _Shah Aqeeq_, in Chuhar Jamali in Sujawal District, and there is a shrine to Shah Aqeeq where he is venerated as a "spiritual surgeon" and many visitors believe they are cured of disease. (In 1986, a biography was written about him by Habibu Sindhi and published by the Anjuman-i-Ghulaman-i-Mustafa).

## Spiritual surgeon

Shah Aqeeq Baba is considered to be a spiritual surgeon in 'Sindh', Pakistan. People having diseases like cancer, heart/lungs/liver/brain diseases or any other diseases (even if doctors have denied) from all over the country even from outside the country come here for treatments. The treatment is followed by annunciations. Following the annunciations is considered as important and necessary.

## Further reading

- Sindhi, Habibu, _Sawanah hayat Shah Yaqiq Shaheed Bukhari (Biography of Saint Shah Yaqiq Bukhari)_, Soshal Vailfe'ar Anjuman-i-Ghulaman-i-Mustafa (Cuhar Jamali, 1986)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Shah Aqeeq Bukhari
- **image**: Shah Aqeeq Bukhari.jpg
- **alias**: Shah Aqeeq Baba
- **death cause**: martyrdom
- **birth name**: Asghar
- **predecessor**: Mian Usman Shah (Shrine near Jati, Sindh)
- **successor**: Shah Kasturi Bukhari (shrine near Shah Aqeeq Baba's shrine)
- **parents**: Muhammad Sharifuddin Bukhari
- **era**: Samma dynasty
- **birth date**: c.1432 (Jumada al-Thani 835 Hijri)
- **birth place**: Uch Sharif, Bahawalpur District, (modern day Punjab, Pakistan)
- **death date**: c.1451  (Jumada al-awwal 855 Hijri) (Martyred by Hindu man)
- **death place**: Sindh, Pakistan
- **resting place**: Chuhar Jamali, Sujawal District, Sujawal, Sindh (modern-day Pakistan)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The **Nobel Prize in Chemistry** is a prize that was started as a result of the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895.

The prize in 2025 was given to three people, for their work on Metal–organic frameworks (picture).  Those frameworks are a class of porous polymers that are made up of metal clusters (also known as Secondary Building Units - SBUs). The prize winners are Richard Robson (chemist), Susumu Kitagawa and Omar Yaghi.

## Related page

- List of Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry
- Polymer
Pir Baba

**Hazrat Pir Baba** Mir Syed Ali Tirmizi (Pashto: پیر بابا) was a Sufi Muslim saint of the Kubrawiya order who played an important role in the spread of Islam in Pakhtun. He was born around 908 Hijri (1502 AD), and he was a Syed of Arabic origin. He died in 991 Hijri (1583 AD).

Pir Khorasan is Hazrat Syed Ali Tirmidhi.  He was born in 908 AH corresponding to 1502 AD in Kunduz region (Khorasan province, Tirmidh) and passed away in 991 AH corresponding to 1583 AD in Swat.  His mausoleum is Marja Khaleeq in Pacha Kalay town of Bunir (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa).  His genealogy traces back to Imam zada, Hussain al Asghar, and Ibn Hazrat Imam Ali Zainul Abidin (Salamullah Alaihi).

## References

- 1- Alqamri Fi Ansab Talibeen Almaroof Sadat Qabail
- 2- Nasab Nama Syed Ali Tirmizi R.a

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mir Syed Ali Tirmizi Pir Baba
- **image**: Pirbaba Mazar.jpg
- **native name lang**: ps
- **caption**: Buner Sharif Swat Mazar of Pir Baba
- **title**: peer E khurasan Pir Baba Ghaus Zaman
- **birth date**: Around 908 Hijri 1502 AD
- **birth place**: Qundoos Tirmiz, Khurasan
- **death date**: Around 991 Hijri 1583 AD
- **death place**: District Buner SHARIF Swat
- **resting place**: Pacha Killay District Buner Sharif Swat , Pakistan
- **nationality**: Tirmizi HUSSAINI Al ABIDI Syed, origins
Parents = Father- Mir Syed Qanbar Ali Tirmizi
Mother- BiBi Sultan Banu
Children =Mir Syed Mustafa, Mir Syed Habib, Mir Syed Ahmad
Thiruvalangadu

Thiruvalangadu is a village in the Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India.This is a village located on the western suburbs of Chennai. It is famous as a sacred site for Hindus for two reasons.

- This is the village is where Lord Shiva asked Karaikal Ammaiyar, one of the 63 nayanmars, to witness his holy dance or oordhava thaandava. She visited Thiruvalangadu and sang the Thiruvalangadu Mootha Thirupathigam.
- The famous Shaivite temple- Sri Vadaranyeswarar Temple is located here.

The population of the village as per the 2011 census is 5913. The male population is 2969. The female population is 2944.
Anna Nagar

**Anna Nagar** is a neighbourhood in the metropolitan city of Chennai, India. This area is named after the Tamil leader C. N. Annadurai. This area is in the north-western part of Chennai and forms a part of the Aminjikarai taluk. It is one of the prime residential areas in Chennai.One of the primary landmarks in Anna Nagar is the Anna Nagar Tower, built in 1968 as part of the World Trade Fair.

Anna Nagar originated as a suburban village called Naduvakkarai. It was called Mullam Village and is still referred to like that by the Land and revenue department for all official purposes.The Anna Nagar Tower is a  tall tower built for the 1968 World Trade Fair, by B. S. Abdur Rahman.

The Anna Nagar railway station was inaugurated in the year 2003. It is on the Thirumangalam road, a road that connects Anna Nagar West with Villivakkam area of Chennai.
Amir Ohana

**Amir Ohana**, Hebrew: אמיר אוחנה , (born 15 March 1976 in Beer Sheba) is an Israeli politician and lawyer. Previously he worked at Shin Bet (internal intelligence agency of Israel). He is the Speaker of the Knesset (Israeli parliament) since 29 December 2022.

Ohana has been a Member of the Knesset for Likud since 2015. He is the first openly gay MK for his party.

From 2019 to 2020 he was justice minister in the Fourth Netanyahu Government, and from 2020 to 2021 he was minister of internal security in the Fifth Netanyahu Government.

## Other websites

- Knesset Website
Paper towel

**Paper towels** (or kitchen paper) is an absorbent tissue made from paper instead of cloth. Unlike cloth towels, paper towels are disposable and thrown away after use. They soak up water because they are loosely woven. This lets water travel into the paper by capillary action. The water sticks to the fibers by adhesion.

In 2020, scientists from the University of Leeds performed an experiment that showed that people who dried their hands with paper towels removed more viruses than people who dried their hands with jet air dryers.  The study was performed in a hospital bathroom.
Perryville, Missouri

**Perryville** is a city in southeast Missouri. It is near the Mississippi River and the Illinois state border. Perryville is the county seat of Perry County.

At the 2020 census, 8,555 people were living there.
Ronald Drever

**Ronald William Prest Drever** (October 1931 – 7 March 2017) was a Scottish experimental physicist. He was a Professor Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology. He co-founded the LIGO project, and was a co-inventor of the Pound–Drever–Hall technique for laser stabilization. This work was important in the first detection of gravitational waves in September 2015.

Drever died on 7 March 2017 in Edinburgh, Scotland from complications of dementia, aged 85.
Juan Carlos Touriño

**Juan Carlos Touriño** (14 July 1944 – 7 March 2017) was a Spanish football defender. He won two Spanish league titles and two Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. He made one appearance for the Spanish national team.

## Death

Touriño died at a hospital in Buenos Aires on the night of 7 March 2017 from pancreatic disease, aged 72.

## Titles

**Real Madrid**
- **La Liga (3)**: 1971-72, 1973-74, 1974-75
- **Copa del Rey (2)**: 1973-74, 1974–75

## Other websites

- Spain statistics
- World Football profile

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Juan Carlos Touriño
- **image**: Touriño-1968-Quilmes.jpg
- **fullname**: Juan Carlos Touriño Cancela
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **position**: Defender (football), Defender
- **youthclubs1**: Villa Modelo
- **youthclubs2**: Club Sportivo Dock Sud, Dock Sud
- **youthclubs3**: Club Atlético River Plate, River Plate
- **youthclubs4**: Arsenal de Sarandí
- **youthclubs5**: Quilmes Atlético Club, Quilmes
- **years1**: 1966–1970
- **years2**: 1970–1976
- **years3**: 1977
- **years4**: 1977
- **years5**: 1978
- **clubs1**: Quilmes Atlético Club, Quilmes
- **clubs2**: Real Madrid C.F., Real Madrid
- **clubs3**: Independiente Medellín
- **clubs4**: Quilmes Atlético Club, Quilmes
- **clubs5**: Gimnasia y Esgrima de La Plata
- **clubs6**: San Lorenzo de Mar del Plata, San Lorenzo (MdP)
- **clubs7**: Chacarita Juniors
- **caps1**: <small>(total)</small> 112
- **goals1**: 1
- **caps2**: 106
- **goals2**: 0
- **caps4**: <small>(see above)</small>
- **caps5**: 42
- **goals5**: 1
- **nationalyears1**: 1972
- **nationalteam1**: Spain national football team, Spain
- **nationalcaps1**: 1
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1983–1984
- **managerclubs1**: Palencia CF, Palencia
- **manageryears2**: 1984–1985
- **managerclubs2**: Recreativo de Huelva, Recreativo
Fairfield, Vermont

**Fairfield** is a small town in the state of Vermont in the United States of America.
Samma dynasty

The **Samma dynasty** () ruled the region of Sindh, Kutch, parts of Punjab and Balochistan from  1351 to  1524, with their capital at Thatta in modern Pakistan; before being replaced by the Arghun dynasty.

The Samma dynasty has left its mark in Sindh with magnificent structures including the necropolis of and royalties in Thatta.
Per-Bast

**Per-Bast** was an ancient Egyptian city. It is the place where the center of the cult of Bast is. Bast is a cat-goddess who is the protectress of Ra. The name Per-Bast means "house of Bast". Per Bast was in the Nile Delta and served as the capital of the nome _Am-Khent,_ the 18th nome in Lower Egypt.
Robert D. Orr

**Robert Dunkerson Orr** (November 17, 1917 – March 10, 2004) was an American politician. He was the 45th Governor of Indiana from 1981 to 1989. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was served as United States Ambassador to Singapore from July 14, 1989 through September 12, 1992.

Orr was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He was raised in Evansville, Indiana. He studied at Yale University and at Harvard University. Orr was married to Josie Wallace from 1946 until they divorce in 2000. In 2001, he married Mary Davis. Their marriage lasted until his death in 2004.

Orr died in Indianapolis, Indiana from complications of kidney surgery on March 10, 2004, aged 86.

## Other websites

- Biography from the Indiana Historical Bureau
- Biography from the Indianapolis Star
- The New York Times: Robert D. Orr, 86, Governor Who Revamped Indiana Schools
- National Governors Association
Ambergris

**Ahsugris** is lumps of food compounds, secreted and expelled by the sperm or food vomit from ahsu sources. Because the harvesting of ahsugris causes no harm to the Ahsu life, collecting it is not controversial.
Koyambedu

**Koyambedu** is a locality in the South Indian city of Chennai. The Koyambedu area has become a major centre of Chennai City after the inauguration of the Koyambedu market and the CMBT. Koyambedu is surrounded by localities like Vadapalani, Anna Nagar, Arumbakkam, Aminjikarai, Virugambakkam and Nerkundram.

Koyambedu is famous for its wholesale fruit and vegetable market, popularly called Koyambedu Market. This was established in 1996, when the city's principal wholesale fruit and vegetable market in Kothawal Chavadi had to be closed. The market is one of the largest wholesale market in Asia.
Keren Neubach

**Keren Neubach** (Hebrew: קרן נויבך, born March 28, 1970) is an Israeli journalist, and television and radio presenter.

Neubach studied history at Tel Aviv University. She is bisexual.

## References

- www.nrg.co.il
Samayapuram

**Samayapuram** is a suburb of the city of Tiruchirappalli in Tamil Nadu, India. Formerly a separate village of its own, Samayapuram was included in the Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation limits in 1994. Samayapuram is located 12 kilometres north from the heart of the city on the Trichy-Chennai road. The Samayapuram Mariamman Temple, a most important place of Hindu worship is located here.
Tiruvallur district

**Tiruvallur district** is an administrative district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The town of Tiruvallur is the district headquarters. The district has a mixture of urban and rural characteristics. The Eastern part of Tiruvallur district is dominated by urban characteristics while the Southern and Northern part of the district has influence of Andhra culture due to its position.

Tiruvallur is well known, one of the reason being the Veeraragava Temple. The new moon day is very auspicious day for the lord and so for the people of the town.ccording to 2011 census of India, Thiruvallur district had a population of 3,728,104 with a sex-ratio of 987 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.
Havel

The **Havel** is a river in Germany. It flows through Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt.
Duenos inscription

The **duenos inscription**  is a Latin text found on a piece of pottery in San Vitale, Rome. The pottery was dated to the sixth century BC. The text is among the oldest known texts of old Latin. It is difficult to read because the words are not separated by spaces.

## Text and translations

Since the pottery, or _kernos_, was found in 1880, many translations have been proposed. By 1983, more than fifty different explanations of the meaning had been put forward. Due to the lack of a large body of archaic Latin, and the method by which Romans abbreviated their inscriptions, scholars have not been able to produce a singular translation that has been accepted by historians as accurate. However thanks to Arthur E. Gordon's work the reading of the text can be now considered certain.

Below is the transcription and one of many possible interpretations:
- a. The direct unicase transcription
- b. Direct transcription, in lowercase, with possible macrons and word breaks
- c. A speculative interpretation and translation into Classical Latin
- d. An English gloss (approximate translation/interpretation) of the Classical Latin rendering

**Line 1:**
- a. IOVESATDEIVOSQOIMEDMITATNEITEDENDOCOSMISVIRCOSIED
- b. _iouesāt deivos qoi mēd mitāt, nei tēd endō cosmis vircō siēd_
- c. _Iurat deos qui me mittit, ni in te_ [= _erga te_] _comis virgo sit_
- d. 'The person who sends me prays to the gods, lest the girl be not kind towards thee'

**Line 2:**
- a. ASTEDNOISIOPETOITESIAIPAKARIVOIS
- b. _as(t) tēd noisi o(p)petoit esiāi pākā riuois_
- c. _at te_ [... uncertain ...] _paca rivis_
- d. 'without thee [...] calm with [these] rivers'

**Line 3:**
- a. DVENOSMEDFECEDENMANOMEINOMDVENOINEMEDMALOSTATOD
- b. _duenos mēd fēced en mānōm einom duenōi nē mēd malo(s) statōd_
- c. _Bonus me fecit in manum einom bono, ne me malus [tollito, clepito]_
- d. 'A good man made me in his own[?] hands for a good man, in case an evil man take me.'

An interpretation set out by Warmington and Eichner, renders the complete translation as follows, though not with certainty:
1. It is sworn with the gods, whence I'm issued:
If a maiden does not smile at you,
1. nor is strongly attracted to you,
then soothe her with this fragrance!
1. Someone good has filled me for someone good and well-mannered,
and not shall I be obtained by someone bad.
Syria Direct

**Syria Direct** is a not-for-profit news organization based in Jordan.  It was started in 2013 by television news producer Amjad Tadros and the Global Peace and Development Charitable Trust. _Syria Direct_ reports on the conflict from neighboring Jordan, because reporting from Syria is either restricted or too dangerous.

_Syria Direct_ publishes news reports, interviews, photographs, and videos from inside Syria.  They also publish a  newsletter.  They do not accept advertising.  Their operations are funded by the Global Peace & Development Charitable Trust.

_Syria Direct_ is published in English and Arabic. The articles are for readers who are already
knowledgeable about Syria but want more detailed information.  _Syria Direct_ employs about 24 Syrians and Americans who talk to Syrian activists and civilians on both sides of the conflict every day by Skype. Syrian journalists write the stories in Arabic.  The stories are translated to English, fact-checked and edited, then translated back to Arabic. Their website receives about 50,000 page views every month.  Their Facebook page has 77,000 followers. Thousands of people follow their Twitter account.

_Syria Direct_ also has a training program for journalists from Syria. In the past, the training program has received funding from the US Embassy Amman's Public Affairs Section, the Syria office of the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung organization, and the Canadian Embassy in Amman. Every six months they train twelve new Syrian journalists.  The trainees' stories have been published in USA Today, CNN.com, Radio Free Europe, and international new organizations like Le Monde and The Toronto Globe and Mail. As of September 2016, they had trained 70 new journalists.

## Other websites

- Syria Direct on Facebook
- Syria Direct on Twitter
- Syria Direct official website
Dunn index

The **Dunn Index** (DI) is a metric for judging a clustering algorithm. A higher DI implies better clustering. It assumes that better clustering means that clusters are compact and well-separated from other clusters.

There are many ways to define the size of a cluster and distance between clusters.

The DI is equal to the minimum inter-cluster distance divided by the maximum cluster size. Note that larger inter-cluster distances (better separation) and smaller cluster sizes (more compact clusters) lead to a higher DI value.

In mathematical terms:

Let the size of cluster C be denoted by:

Let the distance between clusters i and j be denoted by:
Alejandra Soler

**Alejandra Soler Gilabert** (July 8, 1913 – March 1, 2017) was a Spanish politician and teacher. She also worked for the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. She was born in Valencia, Spain. She took part in the revolts against Miguel Primo de Rivera's dictature and in 1934, she became a member of the communist party.

Soler died on March 1, 2017 in Valencia, Spain from suspected heart failure, aged 103.

## Works

- 2009, _La vida es un río caudaloso con peligrosos rápidos_
Dave Valentin

**David Peter Valentin** (April 29, 1952 – March 8, 2017) was an American Latin jazz flautist. In the 1970s Valentin combined Latin music with jazz in bands with Bill O'Connell, Lincoln Goines, Richie Morales, Robby Ameen, Sammy Figueroa, and Giovanni Hidalgo. For seven years in a row he was chosen as the best jazz flautist by readers of _Jazziz_ magazine. In 1985 he received a Grammy Award nomination. In 2003 he won a Grammy for _Caribbean Jazz Project_, an album he did with Dave Samuels.

Valentin died from complications of a stroke and Parkinson's disease in the Bronx, at the age of 64.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Dave Valentin
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **image**: DaveValentin01.jpg
- **caption**: Valentin at the World Music and Dance Centre, March 2008
- **birth name**: David Peter Valentin
- **birth place**: South Bronx, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: The Bronx, New York, U.S.
- **genre**: Jazz, Latin jazz, smooth jazz
- **occupation**: Musician
- **instrument**: Flute
- **years active**: 1965–2012
- **label**: CTI Records, CTI, GRP Records, GRP, Highnote Records, Highnote
Anthony Delhalle

**Anthony Delhalle** (11 January 1982 – 9 March 2017) was a French Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He rode a Suzuki GSX-R1000 in the FIM CEV Superbike European Championship and the Endurance FIM World Championship.

Delhalle died, aged 35, on 9 March 2017, after falling from his bike during a test on the Circuit Paul Armagnac near Nogaro and breaking his neck.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Anthony Delhalle
- **image**: Anthony Delhalle aux 24H du Mans moto 2014.JPG
- **caption**: Anthony Delhalle in 2014.
- **birth place**: Chartres, France
- **death place**: Nogaro, France
- **website**: [http://www.anthonydelhalle.fr/anthony.html anthonydelhalle.fr]
Nagapattinam district

Nagapattinam district is the only district in India to be discontinuous or separated  into two parts. This district is located on Tamil Nadu, India. Nagapattinam district was carved out by dividing the Thanjavur district on 1991, October 19.In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Nagapattinam district one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total 640 Indian districts).

Nagapattinam district is one of the six districts of 32 districts in Tamil Nadu currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).According to 2011 census of India, Nagapattinam district had a population of 1,616,450 with a sex-ratio of 1,025 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.
Bill Leak

**Bill Leak** (born **Desmond Robert Leak**; 9 January 1956 – 10 March 2017) was an Australian editorial cartoonist, caricaturist and portraitist.

Leak was raised in Condobolin and Beacon Hill, Sydney. Leak studied at the Julian Ashton Art School in the 1970s.

Leak's cartoons were first published in 1983 in _The Bulletin_ and after he drew for _The Sydney Morning Herald_ until 1994, when he was recruited by News Limited to contribute to _The Daily-Telegraph-Mirror_ and later to _The Australian_.

On 10 March 2017, Leak died in a hospital in Gosford, New South Wales following a suspected heart attack. He was 61 years old.

## Other websites

- Drawing and quartering our pollies – Article includes comments by Bill Leak on his cartooning and the reactions he gets
- Portrait of Bill Leak, editorial cartoonist, 1984, by Terry Mulligan

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Bill Leak
- **image**: Bill Leak.jpg
- **caption**: Bill Leak in August 2011
- **birth name**: Desmond Robert Leak
- **birth place**: Adelaide, South Australia
- **death place**: Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
- **nationality**: Australian
- **field**: Illustrations and paintings
Thoothukudi district

**Thoothukudi District**, also known as **Tuticorin District** is a district in Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The district was formed by dividing Tirunelveli district in 1986 and Thoothukudi is the district headquarters. The district is known for pearl cultivation. There are many pearls  in the seas offshore. It was formerly ruled by one of the oldest kingdoms in India, the Pandyan Dynasty with the port of Korkai through which trade with Rome happened. The archaeological site at Adichanallur holds the remains of the ancient Tamil civilisation. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,750,176 with a sex-ratio of 1,023 females for every 1,000 males.