juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Manganese Mines

**Manganese Mines** is a small rural community in Colchester County, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is northeast of the town of Truro. The place is named after manganese, a metal that people mined there long ago.

The community is also home to **Gittens Lodge**, a place where students and groups learn about nature.

## Where it is

Manganese Mines is in the countryside. It has farms, forests, rivers, and wetlands. Part of the land is protected as the Manganese Mines Wildlife Management Area. This area helps protect animals and plants, and hunting is not allowed by law.

### Early history

People from New England moved to central Nova Scotia in the 1700s to farm and start towns. The rural area around Truro, including where Manganese Mines is today, grew at that time.

### Mining history

In the late 1800s, people found manganese rock in the area. Manganese is a metal used to make steel stronger. Small mines were active in the 1880s and 1890s. About 1,800 tons of manganese were taken from the ground before the mines closed.

Later, people also dug limestone nearby to make cement. That work stopped in the 1990s.

### Recent news

In May 2025, a small wildfire burned near Manganese Mines on Old Pictou Road. Some people were asked to leave their homes to be safe. The fire was brought under control, and people could return. This was reported by CBC News.

In 2022, police investigated gunshots on McLeod Road in Manganese Mines. McLeod Road is the road that goes to Gittens Lodge. This was reported by Global News and confirmed by the lodge’s address on an NSCC information sheet.

## Gittens Lodge

**Gittens Lodge** is a building in the woods at Manganese Mines. It is owned and run by the Nova Scotia Community College (NSCC). Schools and groups visit the lodge to learn about forests, animals, and nature.

### History of the lodge

Gittens Lodge was planned in 1969 by two teachers, **Ted Gittens** and **Verl Short**. A paper company (Scott Paper) leased the land to the teachers’ college. The lodge was built from 1971 to 1973, with wood and help given by local groups.

Many children and adults visit the lodge each year for nature study and group stays. The forest around the lodge has marked study sites used for learning about plants and animals.

## Notable people

- **Ted Gittens** – a teacher who helped create Gittens Lodge.
- **Verl Short** – a school leader who also helped start Gittens Lodge.

## Nature protection

The **Manganese Mines Wildlife Management Area** was created in 1973 to protect forests, wetlands, and wildlife. The Government of Nova Scotia manages it, and the official record is also kept by the Government of Canada.
Tert-Butyl group

The **_tert_-butyl group** is a piece of a chemical in organic chemistry. Its systematic names are **1,1-dimethylethyl** or **2-methylpropan-2-yl**, but these are rarely used.

It is a type of alkyl group, meaning it is made of only carbon and hydrogen atoms, and has no double bonds or triple bonds. The chemical formula of the _tert_-butyl group is . In large molecules, this is sometimes shortened to , , or . It is one of four possible shapes of a butyl group.

## Chemistry

_tert_-Butyl is the smallest alkyl group that has no hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom that connects to the rest of the molecule. This means that _tert_-butyl compounds are very hard to remove hydrogen from, even when attached to other groups like carbonyl that normally make it easier to remove hydrogen from alkyl groups.

The _tert_-butyl group's three methyl groups take up a lot of space, giving the group a lot of steric bulk that helps keep other molecules away from the group they are attached to. This makes _tert_-butyl a popular protecting group.
Richard Prince

**Richard Prince** (born August 6, 1949, Panama Canal Zone) is an American painter and photographer.

He can be considered an appropriation artist. He became famous for his paintings of jokes and nurses, and by his own photographs of other photographs, taken by other people. His most famous photographic series is named _Untitled (Cowboy)_, and dedicated to American cowboys.
Adenomera ajurauna

***Adenomera ajurauna*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

## Body

This frog is 17.18–19.95 mm long from nose to rear end. The skin of the frog's back is brown in color. This frog has a dark brown throat. The iris of the eye is bronze in color. Some frogs are lighter in color than others. Lighter frogs have a mark shaped like a triangle on their faces.

## Name

Scientists named this frog _ajurauna_ from the Tupi language's _ajura_ for "throat" and _una_ for "black."

## Home

This frog lives in Atlantic forests. People also see it in small pieces of forest and next to eucalyptus tree farms. Scientists have seen this frog between  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in protected places, for example Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar and Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho.

## Young

The male frog sits on the dead leaves on the ground and calls to the female frogs. This frog puts eggs underground, and the tadpoles grow there.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, people build towns where the frog lives.
Methylenedioxy

The **methylenedioxy group** is a piece of a chemical in organic chemistry. It has a carbon atom connected to two oxygen atoms and two hydrogen atoms.

The group is normally found attached to a benzene aromatic ring, which makes benzodioxole (methylenedioxybenzene) and its derivatives. These derivatives include many medicines, as well as some amphetamine derivatives that are used as illegal recreational drugs.
Madison Keys

**Madison Keys** is a professional women's tennis player from the United States. She won the 2025 Australian Open, beating World No. 1 Aryna Sabalenka in the final. Her highest ranking is World No. 5 achieved in February 2025. She reached the finals of the 2017 US Open, where she lost to American Sloane Stephens. Keys reached the semifinals of the 2018 French Open. Her best results at the Wimbledon Championships were in 2015 and 2023 when she made it to the quarterfinals.

## Infobox (tennis biography)

- **country**: (2009-)
- **birth place**: Rock Island, Illinois, United States
- **turnedpro**: 2009
- **coach**: Bjorn Fratangelo
- **plays**: Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
- **australianopenresult**: **W** (2025 Australian Open – Women's Singles, 2025)
- **frenchopenresult**: **SF** (2018 French Open – Women's Singles, 2018)
- **wimbledonresult**: **QF** (2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, 2015, 2023 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles, 2023)
- **usopenresult**: **F** (2017 US Open – Women's Singles, 2017)
Iminium

**Iminium** is a type of polyatomic ion made from adding a hydrogen atom or other organic functional group to the nitrogen atom of an imine.

Eschenmoser's salt and the Vilsmeier reagent are important dimethyliminium salts.

## Structure

Iminium ions are isoelectronic with alkenes, and have a similar shape: the atoms on the double bond have trigonal planar molecular geometry in the same plane.

Most iminium ions exist as resonance hybrids between an iminium form and carbenium form:
The iminium form is normally more stable, so it contributes more to resonance than the carbenium form.
Mochica language

**Mochica** is an extinct language which used to be spoken in Peru.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Mochica
- **nativename**: ,
- **states**: Peru
- **region**: **Lambayeque Region**:
Motupe Valley,
La Leche Valley,
Lambayeque Valley and
Zaña Valley
**La Libertad Region**:
Jequetepeque Valley and
Chicama Valley.
- **familycolor**: American
- **iso3**: omc
- **linglist**: omc
- **glotto**: moch1259
- **glottorefname**: Mochica
- **map**:
Approximate extent of Mochica before replacement by Spanish.
- **mapcaption**: Distribution of the Mochica language according to the Art of the Yunga language
- **ethnicity**: Sican culture

- **revived**: exist
- **family**: Language isolate
- **altname**: Yunga
- **map2**: Lang Status 01-EX.svg
Laura Fernández Delgado

**Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado** (born 4 July 1986) is a Costa Rican politician and political scientist who is the president-elect of Costa Rica. She ran for president of her country in the 2026 general election.

Fernández is a conservative populist. She is a member of the Sovereign People's Party. She was a candidate for vice president in the 2018 election. She was a government minister in the cabinet of Rodrigo Chaves Robles from 2022 to 2025.

### Government service

From 2008 to 2010, Fernández was a consultant for the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy's State Reform Program. Fernández was an advisor to the Legislative Assembly from 2014 to 2018. During the 2018 presidential election, Fernández was one a vice presidential candidate.

In 2018, Fernández became a researcher at the Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy. From 2020 to 2021, she was director of strategic planning. On 8 May 2022, President Rodrigo Chaves Robles appointed Fernández as the minister of national planning and economic policy. Chaves also appointed Fernández as Minister of the Presidency on 21 June 2024. On 31 January 2025, Fernández resigned from her government roles to be allowed to run as a presidential candidate in the 2026 presidential election.

### 2026 presidential campaign

Fernández announced her presidential candidacy in July 2025. She ran on a campaign to reduce drug-related crime. Crime had risen a lot in the last four years. In her bid for election, she was supported by the current president of the country, Rodrigo Chaves.

On 2 February 2026, she was declared the winner, according to NPR. Fernández was one of twenty presidential candidates and one of five female candidates. She was elected president with 48.3% of the vote.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Laura Fernández Delgado
- **image**: Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado in 2017.jpg
- **caption**: Fernández in 2017
- **office**: President of Costa Rica, President-elect of Costa Rica
- **vicepresident**: Francisco Gamboa (politician), Francisco Gamboa (elect)
Douglas Soto (elect)
- **term start**: 8 May 2026
- **succeeding**: Rodrigo Chaves Robles
- **office1**: Ministry of the Presidency (Costa Rica), Minister of the Presidency of Costa Rica
- **term start1**: 22 June 2024
- **term end1**: 31 January 2025
- **president1**: Rodrigo Chaves Robles
- **office2**: Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy (Costa Rica), Minister of National Planning and Economic Policy of Costa Rica
- **term start2**: 8 May 2022
- **term end2**: 8 January 2025
- **president2**: Rodrigo Chaves Robles
- **predecessor2**: Pilar Garrido Gonzalo
- **birth name**: Laura Virginia Fernández Delgado
- **birth place**: Puntarenas, Costa Rica
- **party**: Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica), PPSO (since 2025)
- **otherparty**: Christian Democratic Alliance (Costa Rica), Christian Democratic Alliance (2018–2025)
- **spouse**: Jeffrey Umaña Avendaño
- **alma mater**: University of Costa Rica
- **occupation**: Political scientist, politician
Harristown, Indiana

**Harristown** is an unincorporated community of Washington County in the state of Indiana, United States.
Botirali Ergashev

**Botirali Ergashev** (Uzbek Cyrillic: _Ботирали Эргашев_; born 23 June 1995) is an Uzbekistani footballer. He plays as a goalkeeper for Neftchi Fergana and the Uzbekistan national football team.

Ergashev made his debut for Uzbekistan in a 1–0 friendly loss to Iran on 19 May 2019.

### Club

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="3"|League|colspan="2"|National Cup|colspan="2"|League Cup|colspan="2"|Continental|colspan="2"|Other|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="3|Pakhtakor Tashkent|2016|rowspan="2"|Uzbek League|1|0|—|—|—|—|1|0||||
|2017|1|0|0|0|—|—|—|1|0|||||||
|Navbahor Namangan|2018|Uzbekistan Super League|14|0|0|0|—|—|—|14|0|||||
|Neftchi Fergana|2019|Uzbekistan Super League|22|0|0|0|0|0|—|—|22|0||||
|Kokand 1912|2020|Uzbekistan Super League|14|0|1|0|—|—|—|15|0|||||
|rowspan="4"|AGMK|2021|rowspan="3"|Uzbekistan Super League|7|0|0|0|—|2|0|—|9|0||
|2022|20|0|3|0|—|—|—|23|0|||||||
|2023|18|0|7|0|—|5|0|—|25|0||||||
|Neftchi Fergana|2024|Uzbekistan Super League|17|0|2|0|—|—|—|19|0|||||

### International

|National team|Year|Apps|Goals||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="8"|Uzbekistan|2018|1|0|
|2019|0|0|||
|2020|0|0|||
|2021|0|0|||
|2022|0|0|||
|2023|1|0|||
|2024|0|0|||
|2025|0|0|||

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Botirali Ergashev
- **fullname**: Botirali Ergashev
- **image**: Botirali Ergashev 03.jpg
- **birth place**: Pap, Uzbekistan
- **height**: 1.87m
- **currentclub**: FC Neftchi Fergana
- **clubnumber**: 1
- **position**: Goalkeeper (association football), Goalkeeper
- **youthyears1**: 2009–2016
- **youthclubs1**: FC Pakhtakor Tashkent, Pakhtakor Tashkent
- **years1**: 2016–2018
- **clubs1**: FC Pakhtakor Tashkent, Pakhtakor Tashkent
- **caps1**: 2
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 2018–2019
- **clubs2**: PFC Navbahor Namangan, Navbahor Namangan
- **caps2**: 14
- **goals2**: 0
- **years3**: 2019-2020
- **clubs3**: FC Dinamo Samarqand, Dinamo Samarqand
- **caps3**: 22
- **goals3**: 0
- **years4**: 2020–2021
- **clubs4**: FK Kokand 1912, Kokand 1912
- **caps4**: 15
- **goals4**: 0
- **years5**: 2021–2024
- **clubs5**: FC AGMK, AGMK
- **caps5**: 45
- **goals5**: 0
- **years6**: 2024–
- **clubs6**: FC Neftchi Fergana, Neftchi Fergana
- **caps6**: 31
- **goals6**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2018
- **nationalteam1**: Uzbekistan national under-23 football team, Uzbekistan U23
- **nationalcaps1**: 10
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2019–
- **nationalteam2**: Uzbekistan national football team, Uzbekistan
- **nationalcaps2**: 2
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **pcupdate**: 10 August 2025
- **ntupdate**: 31 March 2015
Strontium bromate

**Strontium bromate** is an ionic compound made of strontium and bromate ions. The chemical formula is . The molar mass is around 343.424 g/mol. It is mostly used in laboratories and rarely in industries. It is made when strontium (metal or basic compound) reacts with bromic acid.

## Formation of strontium bromate

It can be made when strontium metal reacts with bromic acid to make strontium bromate and hydrogen gas.
- The balanced chemical equation is:

It can also be made when strontium hydroxide reacts with bromic acid to make strontium bromate and water.
- The balanced chemical equation is:

## Related pages

- Strontium bromide
To Be or Not to Be (The Hitler Rap)

"**To Be or Not to Be (The Hitler Rap)**" is a 1983 comedy hip hop song by Mel Brooks. It is on the soundtrack album of the movie of the same name and is based on the movie's burlesque show. It uses the lines "Don't be stupid, be a smarty. Come and join the Nazi Party," from the song "Springtime for Hitler", which is in Brooks's 1967 film _The Producers_.

In the music video, Brooks, as Adolf Hitler, raps about Hitler's rule of Nazi Germany, including his alleged escape to Argentina near the end of World War II.

The song charted highly in some countries, including number 3 in Australia, number 12 in the United Kingdom, number 1 in Norway and number 2 in Sweden.

## Track listing

- **12" single**
1. "To Be or Not to Be (The Hitler Rap) (Part 1)" – 7:43
1. "To Be or Not to Be (The Hitler Rap) (Part 2)" (Instrumental Mix) – 7:51

### Weekly charts

|Chart (1983–1984)|Peak position|
| --- | --- |
|align="center"|3|
|39||

### Year-end charts

|Chart (1984)|Position|
| --- | --- |
|50||

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: To Be or Not to Be
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Mel Brooks
- **released**: 1983
- **genre**: Comedy hip hop
- **length**: 7:43 <small>(extended version)</small>
4:35 <small>(single version)</small>
- **label**: Island Records, Island <small>(United Kingdom, UK 12IS 158)</small>
- **writer**: Mel Brooks, Pete Wingfield
- **producer**: Pete Wingfield
Coldstream, British Columbia

**Coldstream** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Okanagan Valley region and is in the North Okanagan regional district.

The population of Coldstream was 11,171 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of Coldstream is Ruth Hoyte. Coldstream is known for hiking and mountain biking trails along Kalamalka Lake Provincial Park and Protected Area, as well as, Kalamalka Lake.

Before Europeans, Syilx Indigenous peoples lived in the area for years. In 1863, European contact was made when Charles Frederick Houghton, along with Forbes George Vernon and Charles Albert Vernon visited the area. Both Vernon's moved on but Houghton stayed behind and lived with the Syilx peoples. While exploring the area, he discovered Kalamalka Lake and a stream running through the valley and into the lake. Houghton named this running water "coldstream" and requested a military grant near the banks of the lake.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: The Corporation of the District of Coldstream
- **settlement type**: List of district municipalities in British Columbia, District municipality
- **image skyline**: Kalamalka Lake.jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: Both Kalamalka Lake and the district of Coldstream
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map**: British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin label**: Coldstream
- **pushpin map caption**: Where Coldstream is located in British Columbia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: Okanagan, Okanagan Valley
- **subdivision type3**: Regional districts of British Columbia, Regional district
- **subdivision name3**: Regional District of North Okanagan, North Okanagan
- **leader title**: Governing Body
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Ruth Hoyte
- **leader title2**: Current members of the Canadian House of Commons, MP
- **leader name2**: Mel Arnold (Conservative Party of Canada, Conservative)
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLA
- **leader name3**: Harwinder Sandhu (British Columbia Liberal Party, NDP)
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1906
- **area total km2**: 66.57
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 11,171
- **population density km2**: 167.8
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 430
- **postal code type**: Postal code span
- **postal code**: V1B
- **area code**: Area code 250, 250, Area code 778, 778, Area code 236, 236
- **website**: [https://www.coldstream.ca/ District of Coldstream website]
Kent, British Columbia

**Kent** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Fraser Valley regional district. It is between the city of Chilliwack and village of Harrison Hot Springs. Agassiz is a town located in Kent.

The population of Kent was 6,300 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of Kent is Sylvia Pranger. Kitimat is known for its fishing, hiking, mountain biking,hang-gliding, and boating spots alongside the Fraser and Harrison Rivers, along with Mount Woodside.

Before Europeans, members of the Seabird Island First Nation lived in the area. After the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush started booming in 1858, European contact started to be made. Both T.B. Hicks and the Agassiz family were some of the first settlers in the area. In 1881, the Canadian Pacific Railway was brought to town and added even more development into the area. Settlers named the area Kent after the English county of Kent.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: The Corporation of the District of Kent
- **settlement type**: List of district municipalities in British Columbia, District municipality
- **motto**: A Marvel of Nature and Industry
- **image skyline**: Agassiz, BC municipal hall and fire department.jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: Municipal Hall and Fire Department in Kent
- **image flag**: Flag of Kent, Canada.gif
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map**: British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin label**: Kent
- **pushpin map caption**: Where Kent is located in British Columbia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Regional districts of British Columbia, Regional District
- **subdivision name2**: Fraser Valley Regional District, Fraser Valley
- **leader title**: Governing Body
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Sylvia Pranger
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1895
- **area total km2**: 168.39
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 6,300
- **population density km2**: 35.9
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 40
- **postal code type**: Postal code span
- **postal code**: V0M
- **area code**: Area code 604, 604, Area code 778, 778
- **website**: [https://www.kentbc.ca/en/index.aspx District of Kent website]
Kitimat

**Kitimat** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the North Coast region and is part of the Kitimat–Stikine regional district.

The population of Kitimat was 8,236 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of Kitimat is Phil Germuth. Kitimat is known for its fishing, hiking and boating spots alongside the Kitimat River.

Before Europeans, Haisla peoples lived in the area for years. The name Kitimat is from the Tsimshian meaning for "People of the Snow", which refers to the Kitamaat people. In the 1950s, the province of British Columbia invited the Aluminum Company of Canada (Alcan) to build a town in the area for their hydroelectric system which was agreed to in a $500-million ($5 billion today) partnership. The partnership was in agreement to build the system to help power what later became Kitimat and was dubbed the “Town of Tomorrow”. Kitimat was incorporated in 1953 and did not even have a permanent home at that time.

Kitimat is home to the LNG Canada export terminal which ships liquefied natural gas from its port. It was approved on October 1, 2018 with $40 billion in financial backing by Royal Dutch Shell and some Asian partners. It is the first LNG export terminal in Canada. It produced and shipped its first LNG cargo in June 2025.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: District of Kitimat
- **settlement type**: List of district municipalities in British Columbia, District municipality
- **motto**: A Marvel of Nature and Industry
- **image skyline**: Kitimat aerial of townsite and Douglas Channel.jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: An aerial view of Kitimat
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map**: British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin label**: Kitimat
- **pushpin map caption**: Where Kitimat is located in British Columbia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Region
- **subdivision name2**: British Columbia Coast, North Coast
- **subdivision type3**: Regional districts of British Columbia, Regional District
- **subdivision name3**: Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine, Kitimat–Stikine
- **leader title**: Governing Body
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Phil Germuth
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: March 31, 1953
- **area total km2**: 242.63
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 8,236
- **population density km2**: 34.7
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 40
- **postal code type**: Forward sortation area
- **postal code**: V8C
- **area code**: Area code 250, 250 / Area code 778, 778 / Area code 236, 236
- **website**: [https://www.kitimat.ca/en/index.aspx District of Kitimat website]
North Saanich

**North Saanich** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island region and is in the Capital regional district.

The population of North Saanich was 12,235 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of North Saanich is Peter Jones. Sooke is known for its sights of the coastline and is a popular tourist destination. In July 1905, the communities of North Saanich and then-township of Sidney merged together. It was dissolved in 1911. The area saw a boom in population after the Victoria International Airport was built in 1939 and around 10,000 military personnel settled in the area after the airport was selected as a military forces base. The North Saanich Municipal District was created in 1965.

Both the Victoria International Airport (YYJ) and BC Ferries' Swartz Bay terminal are located in North Saanich and serves as the main terminals for the district.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: District of North Saanich
- **settlement type**: List of district municipalities in British Columbia, District municipality
- **motto**: _Eetsun-Hunnumut_
"The land where it is good to be"
- **image skyline**: Approaching runway 9 Victoria (1526835577).jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Victoria International Airport in North Saanich
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map**: Vancouver Island#British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin label**: North Saanich
- **pushpin map caption**: Where North Saanich is located on Vancouver Island
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Regional districts of British Columbia, Regional district
- **subdivision name2**: Capital Regional District, Capital
- **subdivision type3**: Electoral district (federal)
- **subdivision name3**: Saanich—Gulf Islands
- **subdivision type4**: Electoral district (provincial)
- **subdivision name4**: Saanich North and the Islands
- **leader title**: Governing Body
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Peter Jones
- **leader title2**: Member of Parliament#Canada, MP
- **leader name2**: Elizabeth May (Green Party of Canada, Green)
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLA
- **leader name3**: Rob Botterell (Green Party of British Columbia, BC Green)
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: 1965
- **area land km2**: 37.16
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 12,235
- **population density km2**: 329.2
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 23
- **website**: [http://www.northsaanich.ca/ District of North Saanich website]
Sooke

**Sooke** is a district municipality in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Vancouver Island region and is in the Capital regional district.

The population of Sooke was 15,086 as reported by the 2021 Canadian census. The mayor of Sooke is Maja Tait. Sooke is known for both the Sooke Potholes Regional Park and Sooke Potholes Provincial Park, along with Whiffin Spit Park are all popular places for walking, swimming, and fishing.

Before Europeans arrived, T'Sou-ke Nation peoples settled in the area. The name Sooke comes from the SENĆOŦEN word T'Sou-ke, meaning either to "to push" or "to thrust" and also refers to a stickleback fish that is found in the Sooke harbour and river. On June 23, 1790, first European contact was made when Spanish explorer Manuel Quimper arrived in the area while on his exploration of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. In 1849, Captain Walter Colquhoun Grant, bought land for 100 Pounds Sterling and became the first immigrant settler to buy land in what would become the province of British Columbia. Grant built a farm and water-powered sawmill on the east end of the Sooke inlet after finding out that the Hudson's Bay Company had already owned the best land near Fort Victoria.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: District of Sooke
- **settlement type**: List of district municipalities in British Columbia, District municipality
- **image skyline**: Aerial photograph of Harrison Point.jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: Boats docked at Harrison Point in Sooke
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin map**: Vancouver Island#British Columbia#Canada
- **pushpin label**: Sooke
- **pushpin map caption**: Where Sooke is located on Vancouver Island
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Canada
- **subdivision type1**: Province
- **subdivision name1**: British Columbia
- **subdivision type2**: Regional districts of British Columbia, Regional district
- **subdivision name2**: Capital Regional District, Capital
- **leader title**: Governing Body
- **leader title1**: Mayor
- **leader name1**: Maja Tait
- **leader title2**: Member of Parliament (Canada), MP
- **leader name2**: Stephanie McLean (politician), Stephanie McLean Liberal Party of Canada, (Liberal)
- **leader title3**: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, MLA
- **leader name3**: Dana Lajeunesse (British Columbia New Democratic Party, NDP)
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: December 7, 1999
- **area land km2**: 56.60
- **population as of**: 2021 Canadian census, 2021
- **population total**: 15,086
- **population density km2**: 266.6
- **timezone**: Pacific Standard Time, PST
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **elevation m**: 50
- **postal code type**: Forward sortation area
- **postal code**: V9Z
- **website**: [https://www.sooke.ca/ District of Sooke website]
Damir Redzic

**Damir Redzic** (born 23 March 2003) is a Hungarian footballer. He plays as a forward for Austrian Bundesliga club Red Bull Salzburg and the Hungary national team.

## Club career

Redzic made his professional debut for Ferencváros on 23 January 2021, in a 1–1 draw with Puskás Akadémia.

On 7 September 2023, Redzic was loaned to DAC Dunajská Streda. He was later signed by the team on 3 July 2024.

In February 2026, Redzic was signed by Austrian Bundesliga club Red Bull Salzburg.

## International career

Redzic made his debut for Hungary in November 2025, in a 3–2 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification loss against the Republic of Ireland.

## Other websites

- Damir Redzic at FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda
- Damir Redzic at Niké liga

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Damir Redzic
- **birth place**: Pécs, Hungary
- **height**: 1.79 m
- **currentclub**: FC Red Bull Salzburg, Red Bull Salzburg
- **clubnumber**: 24
- **position**: Forward
- **youthyears1**: –2011
- **youthclubs1**: Harkány
- **youthyears2**: 2011–2013
- **youthclubs2**: Kozármisleny SE
- **youthyears3**: 2013–2017
- **youthclubs3**: Pécsi MFC
- **youthyears4**: 2017–2021
- **youthclubs4**: Ferencvárosi TC, Ferencváros
- **years1**: 2021–2024
- **clubs1**: Ferencvárosi TC, Ferencváros
- **caps1**: 4
- **goals1**: 0
- **years2**: 2021–2022
- **clubs2**: Ferencvárosi TC II, Ferencváros II
- **caps2**: 26
- **goals2**: 10
- **years3**: 2021–2022
- **clubs3**: → Soroksár SC (loan)
- **caps3**: 25
- **goals3**: 8
- **years4**: 2021–2022
- **clubs4**: → Soroksár SC (loan)
- **caps4**: 12
- **goals4**: 2
- **years5**: 2023–2024
- **clubs5**: → FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda, DAC Dunajská Streda (loan)
- **caps5**: 11
- **goals5**: 2
- **years6**: 2024–2026
- **clubs6**: FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda, DAC Dunajská Streda
- **caps6**: 31
- **goals6**: 12
- **years7**: 2026–
- **clubs7**: FC Red Bull Salzburg, Red Bull Salzburg
- **caps7**: 0
- **goals7**: 0
- **nationalyears1**: 2020
- **nationalteam1**: Hungary national under-17 football team, Hungary U17
- **nationalcaps1**: 3
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2021
- **nationalteam2**: Hungary national under-18 football team, Hungary U18
- **nationalcaps2**: 1
- **nationalgoals2**: 0
- **nationalyears3**: 2021–2022
- **nationalteam3**: Hungary national under-19 football team, Hungary U19
- **nationalcaps3**: 8
- **nationalgoals3**: 2
- **nationalyears4**: 2025–
- **nationalteam4**: Hungary national football team, Hungary
- **nationalcaps4**: 1
- **nationalgoals4**: 0
- **club-update**: 22:53, 7 February 2026 (UTC)
- **nationalteam-update**: 16 November 2025
Static typing

In a statically typed programming language, the type of the variable is verified during compilation. When the variable is bound to a data type, it remains unchanged. Static type checking and type safety reduces many kinds of errors caused by mismatching variables of different types and helps to prevent software bugs. Some examples of statically typed programming languages: Pascal, C, and V (Vlang).

## Related pages

- Dynamic typing
ATCOR

**All Taxes Come Out of Rent (ATCOR)** is a central theory to Georgism. Similar previous theories were made by Adam Smith, John Locke, and the Physiocrats. In 1998, Mason Gaffney wrote the theory:

"The meaning and relevance of ATCOR is that when we lower other taxes, the revenue base is not lost, but shifted to land rents and values, which can then yield more taxes."

Gaffney argues that ATCOR necessarily comes from a combination of land's inelastic supply, capital and labour's elastic supply, and observation of other taxes.

### Land's inelastic supply

The first argument for ATCOR is that economic land is both finite and necessary to all economic activity. Land has an inelastic supply, but elastic demand. The supply of land is fixed, so cuts to taxes on labour, or capital, cause increases to the value of that land. This means that the income (and so value) of land absorbs income gained from tax cuts on capital or labour.

### Elastic supply of capital and labour

The supply of labour can be affected by events like migration, shifts in the employment rate, and the availability of jobs. So, labour is highly elastic in supply, generally, in comparison to the absolutely inelastic supply of land. The elasticity of labour can be demonstrated in the Tiebout model.

The supply of capital is perfectly elastic, due to the real interest rate.

So, the revenue base does not disappear when taxes on capital and labour are cut. Most tax cuts cause land values to increase.

### Similar principles in other taxes

These principles can also be seen in other taxes. Examples are given by Gaffney:

Lowering the corporate income tax raises stock prices. Lowering interest rates raises real estate prices. Wartime taxes lower land prices, and peace dividends let them rise again.

## Criticism

Criticism of ATCOR is often criticism of its assumptions. One criticism is that labour and capital are not perfectly elastic, and that this assumption oversimplifies real world economics. Gaffney recognised this criticism, and said that "some of the revenue gains may be 'lost' in higher wage rates, but on the whole higher wage rates are socially desirable, and serve to lower many public costs"

Some say also that ATCOR does not prove the Single Tax system based on land value would generate sufficient revenue to replace current tax systems. This is because of ideas of inefficiencies in the system (so not absolutely All Taxes Come Out of Rent).
József Zakariás

**József Zakariás** (25 March 1924 – 22 November 1971) was a Hungarian footballer and manager. As a footballer, he was capped 35 times for Hungary, and was part of the Hungary team known as the _Mighty Magyars_. He also won a gold medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics, and played in the 1954 FIFA World Cup final.

As a manager, he coached the Guinea national football team between 1961 and 1968.

## Honours

- MTK/Bástya/Vörös Lobogó
- Nemzeti Bajnokság I: 1953, 1957–58
- Magyar Kupa: 1951–52
- Mitropa Cup: 1955

- Hungary
- Summer Olympics: 1952
- Central European International Cup: 1948–1953
- FIFA World Cup runner-up: 1954

## Other websites

- Hungary stats

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: József Zakariás
- **image**: Zakariás József fortepan 13743.jpg
- **caption**: Zakariás in 1953
- **fullname**: József Zakariás
- **birth place**: Budafok, Kingdom of Hungary (1920-1946), Hungary
- **death place**: Budapest, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungary
- **position**: Defensive midfielder
- **youthyears1**: 1936–1941
- **youthclubs1**: Budafoki LC, Budafoki MTE
- **years1**: 1941–1944
- **years2**: 1944–1950
- **years3**: 1950–1956
- **years4**: 1956–1958
- **clubs1**: Kábelgyár SC
- **clubs2**: Gamma FC
- **clubs3**: MTK Budapest FC, MTK
- **clubs4**: Egyertértés SE
- **caps1**: 53
- **goals1**: 3
- **caps2**: 232
- **goals2**: 19
- **caps3**: 254
- **goals3**: 15
- **caps4**: 46
- **goals4**: 6
- **totalcaps**: 585
- **totalgoals**: 43
- **nationalyears1**: 1947–1954
- **nationalteam1**: Hungary national football team, Hungary
- **nationalcaps1**: 35
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **manageryears1**: 1959–1960
- **manageryears2**: 1961–1968
- **manageryears3**: 1968–1971
- **managerclubs1**: Szigetszentmiklósi SE
- **managerclubs2**: Guinea national football team, Guinea
- **managerclubs3**: Medosz Erdért SE
Rynchops

**Skimmers** or **Rynchops**, also called scissorbills, are sea birds in the genus Rynchops. They have a lower jaw that is longer than their upper jaw. Skimmers use their lower jaw to catch fish. They catch fish by flying low and fast over the water, with their lower jaw cutting through the water. When it collides (hits) with a fish, the beak of the bird closes. This way of catching food is also called "surface skimming".

Skimmers are usually black with a white underside, their beak is bright orange or red.

Skimmers are also the only bird genus with vertical slit pupils, like a cat, so that they aren't blinded by the shining water.

## Species

There are 3 species of Skimmers:

The Black skimmer (_Rynchops niger_) that lives in North and South America, the African skimmer (_Rynchops_ _flavirostris_) that lives in Africa and the Indian Skimmer (_Rynchops albicollis)_ that lives on the Indian subcontinent.
Tony Pigott

**Anthony Charles Shackleton Pigott** (4 June 1958 – 1 February 2026) was an English cricketer.

He played in one Test for England in 1984, when he was called up as an emergency replacement in New Zealand. He was playing provincial cricket there at the time of an injury crisis.

Pigott died from a heart attack on 1 February 2026, aged 67.

## Infobox (cricketer)

- **name**: Tony Pigott
- **fullname**: Anthony Charles Shackleton Pigott
- **birth place**: Fulham, London, England
- **death place**: Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England
- **batting**: Right-handed
- **bowling**: Right-arm fast-medium
- **columns**: 2
- **column1**: Test cricket, Test
- **matches1**: 1
- **runs1**: 12
- **bat avg1**: 12.00
- **100s/50s1**: 0/0
- **top score1**: 8*
- **deliveries1**: 102
- **wickets1**: 2
- **bowl avg1**: 37.50
- **fivefor1**: 0
- **tenfor1**: 0
- **best bowling1**: 2/75
- **catches/stumpings1**: 0/–
- **column2**: First-class cricket, First-class
- **matches2**: 260
- **runs2**: 4,841
- **bat avg2**: 19.28
- **100s/50s2**: 1/20
- **top score2**: 104*
- **deliveries2**: 38,053
- **wickets2**: 672
- **bowl avg2**: 30.99
- **fivefor2**: 26
- **tenfor2**: 2
- **best bowling2**: 7/74
- **catches/stumpings2**: 121/–
- **international**: true
- **country**: England
- **testdebutagainst**: New Zealand
- **testdebutdate**: 3 February
- **testdebutyear**: 1984
- **onetest**: true
- **testcap**: 504
- **source**: http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/18533.html CricInfo
- **date**: 7 November
- **year**: 2022
Levon Osepyan

**Levon Osepyan** (Armenian: Լևոն Օսեպյան; July 25, 1952, Yerevan – July 1, 2024) was a Russian and Armenian writer, publisher, and photographer. He was the editor-in-chief of the almanacs "Mecenat and the World" and "Aragast." He was also a member of the board of the Union of Russian Writers, a member of the International Association of Writers and Publicists (IAWP), and a member of the Creative Union of Professional Artists.

## Biography

He was born July 25, 1952, in Yerevan. In 1974 he graduated from the Azerbaijan Institute of Oil and Chemistry named after M. Azizbekov. He worked in Ryazan, the Tyumen region, and Moscow.

He is the author of the books "Visit to Earth," "Plays," "The Scream," "Phone Call," "My Golgotha," and others. His works have been translated into Armenian, Polish, Slovak, Czech, Tajik, Romanian, German, Italian, French, and English. Levon Osepyan played a major role in the development and maintenance of Armenian-Russian cultural ties.

He was also an art photographer. Levon Osepyan's photographs are in private collections in the United States, Canada, France, Italy, Spain, Israel, the United Kingdom, Australia, Iran, Lebanon, Austria, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Armenia, Russia, the Netherlands, and Germany, and have been used in design of books and periodicals. He has held more than 100 solo exhibitions in Armenia, Russia, Poland, China, Israel, and other countries. In 2022, the album "The Armenian World in Photographic Portraits of Levon Osepyan" was published in Moscow.

He died on July 1, 2024, at the age of 71.
Aztec Money

**Aztec Money** was an online marketplace for trade finance. It focused on export businesses and used invoice sales as an alternative to bank loans, lines of credit, and invoice factoring.

The platform said it connected businesses that wanted early payment on invoices with non-bank investors.

## How it worked

Businesses could register, upload invoice documents, and set terms for selling invoices. Investors could bid, and the business was paid if a sale was completed.

## History

The company was reported in Irish business media in 2013 and was based in Ireland.

## Other websites

- Company website (archived)

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Aztec Money
- **type**: Private company, Private
- **industry**: Financial services
- **location**: Dublin, Ireland
- **area served**: Worldwide
Onium ion

An **onium ion** is a type of ion (chemical compound with an electric charge) made from adding hydrogen ions to lone pairs on halogen, chalcogen, or pnictogen hydrides. More generally the group also includes ions where the hydrogen is replaced by other atoms, usually organic groups like alkyl. An **enium ion** is a related type of ion that has two fewer hydrogen atoms and two fewer electrons on the central atom.
NCB Group

**NCB Group** was an investment bank based in Dublin, Ireland. It offered financial services such as corporate finance, stockbroking, wealth management, and investment funds. The company was founded in 1981 by Dermot Desmond.

## History

In the 1980s, NCB Group was sold to Ulster Bank, which was then owned by National Westminster Bank.

In 2004, the company sold its money broking division to management and employees.

In 2013, NCB Group was taken over by Investec and was rebranded.

## Other websites

- NCB Group (archived)

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: NCB Group
- **type**: Private company, Private
- **industry**: Investment banking
- **founded**: 1981
- **founder**: Dermot Desmond
- **location**: Dublin, Ireland
- **successor**: Investec
- **website**: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070821070923/http://www.ncb.ie/ www.ncb.ie]
Adenomera coca

***Adenomera coca*** is a frog.  It lives in Bolivia.

## Home

This frog lives in open places and in rainforests. Scientists have seen this frog between  meters above sea level.

Scientists have seen these frogs in a protected place, Parque Nacional Carrasco.

## Young

After big rain, the male frog calls to the female frogs. This frog puts eggs underground in nests made out of bubbles.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is not in danger of dying out. In some places, for example coca farms chemicals that kill insects may hurt this frog.
El Español

***El Español*** is a Spanish online newspaper that started in 2015. It is based in Madrid, Spain.

The newspaper works only on the internet and does not have a printed edition.

## History

The project began in 2014 after journalist Pedro J. Ramírez left the newspaper _El Mundo_.

The company behind the newspaper was officially created in 2014, according to Spain’s business registry.

In early 2015, the new newspaper raised money through crowdfunding.

## Infobox (newspaper)

- **name**: El Español
- **type**: Online newspaper
- **language**: Spanish language, Spanish
- **headquarters**: Madrid, Spain
- **founder**: Pedro J. Ramírez
Polyas

**POLYAS** is a German software company that develops systems for electronic voting and online voting. The company is based in Kassel, Germany. Its software is used for elections by universities, associations, cooperatives, and organizations.

## History

The POLYAS voting software was first created in 1996 by Wolfgang Jung and Kai Reinhard. The first election using the system took place in Finland in 1996 and included about 30,000 voters.

Until 2012, POLYAS was part of the German IT company Micromata GmbH. In 2012, it became an independent company called POLYAS GmbH.

In 2016, the POLYAS system received certification from the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) for use in non-political elections.

In 2025, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) used POLYAS for a membership vote on a coalition agreement.

## How it works

POLYAS lets organizers upload a list of voters and send access data by email or post. The system supports login methods such as LDAP and Single Sign-On.

It uses two separate servers to protect ballot secrecy: one checks voter eligibility and the other stores votes. Newer versions allow voters to verify that their vote was recorded.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: POLYAS GmbH
- **type**: Private company, Private
- **industry**: Electronic voting, Software
- **founded**: 1996 (software), 2012 (company)
- **founders**: Wolfgang Jung; Kai Reinhard
- **location**: Kassel, Germany
- **area served**: Europe
- **products**: Online voting software
Sovereign People's Party (Costa Rica)

The **Sovereign People's Party** () is a Costa Rican political party founded in 2022. The party ran Laura Fernández Delgado as their first presidential candidate. She won the 2026 general election and won a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly.

## Infobox (political party)

- **country**: Costa Rica
- **name**: Sovereign People's Party
- **native name**: Partido Pueblo Soberano
- **native name lang**: es
- **logo**: Logotipo Partido Pueblo Soberano (PPSO).jpg
- **logo size**: 200px
- **abbreviation**: PPSO
- **split**: Social Democratic Progress Party
- **colours**: Turquoise
 White
- **slogan**: "Lo mejor está por venir" ("The best is yet to come")
- **headquarters**: Avenida 17, Barrio Escalante, San José, Costa Rica
- **ideology**: Economic liberalism
Social conservatism
Right-wing populism

Sovereigntism
Costa Rican nationalism
- **position**: Right-wing politics, Right-wing
- **seats1 title**: Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica, Legislative Assembly
- **elections dab1**: 2026 Costa Rican general election
- **website**:
Ashley Padilla

**Ashley Padilla** (born May 27, 1993) is an American comedian and actress. She is a featured player on _Saturday Night Live_, joining the show for its 50th season in 2024. Before joining _SNL_, she was a member of The Groundlings Main Stage Company and she appeared on _Night Court_ and _Curb Your Enthusiasm_.

Padilla was born on May 27, 1993 and grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ashley Padilla
- **occupation**: Comedian, actress