juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Autofocus

**Autofocus** is a procedure for finding the correct position of the lens for a scene. The autofocus feature can be provided in a system which includes a movable optical element, a motor, an image sensor and a processing unit. The autofocus procedure is done by changing the lense position and image quality measurements in each position. The position that provides the image with the best quality will be used as the best focus.

The image quality may be estimated using image gradients. To speed-up the autofocus procedure, the autofocus is done in two steps: the first run over the full range of the lenses movement with a significant step will provide the estimated position which will be improved in the second run over the small range with a small step. Interpolation between the few best positions may improve the results accuracy.
Shiba Inu

The **Shiba Inu** is a breed of dog from Japan. It looks like a smaller version of the Akita Inu, and was originally bred for hunting. Shiba Inu is one of seven Japanese dog species recognised as symbols of the country.

There are two variations of the species. Aka-Shiba has red hair, and Kuro-Shiba has black hair. Shiba are popular among breeders in Japan.

Shiba Inu are faithful to their owners but are wary of strangers. They are popular as guard dogs.

The Shiba Inu is the smallest of the Japanese native breeds and was originally developed for hunting by sight and scent in mountainous areas. According to the official breed standard, they are characterised by a "spirited boldness" and a "foxlike appearance" created by their clear red coat and "Urajiro" (cream to white ventral color) markings.

## Other Japanese dogs

- Akita Inu
- Kai Inu also called the Kai Ken
- Kisyu Inu
- Tosa Inu
- Hokkaido Inu
- Koshi-no-inu (extinct since 1971)

## Infobox (dog breed)

- **image**: Taka_Shiba.jpg
- **image caption**: Three-year-old Red Shiba Inu
- **name**: Shiba Inu
- **country**: Japan
- **coat**: double
- **color**: Red, black and tan, cream, sesame, black sesame, red sesame.
- **litter size**: 3 puppies on average
- **life span**: 13–15 years
- **kc name**: Japan Kennel Club
- **kc std**: https://www.jkc.or.jp/archives/world_dogs/2576
- **fcistd**: http://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/SHIBA-257.html
Lyric

**Lyric** could mean:

- Lyric poetry is a form of poetry that expresses a subjective, personal point of view
- Lyric, from the Greek language, a song sung with a lyre
- Lyrics, the composition in verse which is sung to a melody to constitute a song
- Lyric is a classification of the human voice in European classical music.  The adjective describes a specific vocal weight and a range at the upper end of the given voice part, e.g. lyric soprano; see voice type
- Lyric Opera House in Baltimore, Maryland, locally referred to as just "the Lyric"
- Lyric FM, a Radio Telefís Éireann radio station
- Lyric (R&B), an R&B girl group briefly signed to J Records from 2002–2003; known for the song, "Young and Sexy".
- _Lyric_, a single released in June 2003 by the "indie supergroup" Zwan.
- Lyrics, an ESRB content rating advisor
- Lyric, a video vixen
Jugiong

**Jugiong** is a small village on the bank of the Murrumbidgee River in New South Wales, Australia. It is 344 km south west of Sydney on the Hume Highway. The first people to live in the area were indigenous Australians, the Wiradjuri people. The first Europeans were the explorers Hamilton Hume and William Hovell on their trip in 1824.
Henry O'Brien, an Irishman, started farming sheep in 1825. His farm, called the Jugiong Run, was 125,000 acres. Explorer Charles Sturt reached the Murrumbidgee at Jugiong in 1829 at the start of his travels down the river.

## Tavern

In 1845 another Irishman named John Philip Sheahan (1816–December 9, 1877) built the Sir George Tavern (an hotel) which made Jugiong an important resting place on the new road, the _Great Southern Road_, to Melbourne. The building was destroyed in a flood in 1852. The flood also destroyed the buildings at the town of Gundagai. Sheahan rebuilt the hotel with walls up to 500 mm thick and it is still in use; remaining in the family throughout the preceding years. It is the oldest family owned hotel in Australia.

## The Village

The first blocks of land at Jugiong were sold at auction in 1853. Three years later a post office was opened. In 1858 a police station was built, and work started on a catholic church, _St.John the Evangelist_. About 120 people were living at Jugiong by 1862. An Anglican church was started in 1872. The Jugiong Public http://www.jugiong-p.schools.nsw.edu.au/ school opened in 1883 with 56 students. Australian cricket player Richie Benaud started his schooling at Jugiong in 1935.

## Bushrangers

On 15 November 1864  bushrangers (thieves) stopped all traffic including the mail stagecoach (a cart pulled by horses) 5 km south of Jugiong. Over 60 people were stopped by the bushrangers. They wanted to steal (take with force) gold, money and other valuables. The bushrangers were Ben Hall, John Gilbert and John Dunn. In the attack one policeman, Sergeant Edmund Parry was shot dead by John Gilbert.

## Song

A song called _The Road to Jugiong_  with words by Robert John Cassidy (1880–1948) and music by James A.Steele was published by Allans, Melbourne, in 1940.

## Bypass

In 1995, the new Hume Freeway, went around the village. In 1996 a new rest and picnic area was built to help travelers take a break on their journey. Facilities at Jugiong include:
- a hotel
- a cafe, the Long Track Pantry Cafe http://www.longtrackpantry.com.au/,
- a motel
- a wine shop
- a fruit and vegetable shop
- a petrol station
- a swimming pool
- churches
- school
- a hotel

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Jugiong
- **state**: nsw
- **image**: Entering Jugiong.jpg
- **caption**: Entering Jugiong at the old Hume Highway
- **lga**: Hilltops Council
- **postcode**: 2726
- **pop**: 303
- **elevation**: 303
- **stategov**: Electoral district of Cootamundra, Cootamundra
- **fedgov**: Division of Hume, Hume
- **dist1**: 30
- **location1**: Bookham, New South Wales, Bookham
- **dist2**: 40
- **location2**: Gundagai, New South Wales, Gundagai
Egerton Gospel

The **Egerton Gospel** is a set of papyri that are now in the British Museum. The papyri have been dated to the second century. The text they contain may have been written 50-100 AD. It is one of the oldest known fragments of any gospel, or any codex. Soon after the British Museum acquired it in the summer of 1934, it was printed in 1935. It is also called **the Unknown Gospel,** as no ancient source makes reference to it, in addition to being entirely unknown before its publication.

The surviving fragments include four stories:
1. a controversy similar to John 5:39-47 and 10:31-39;
1. curing a leper similar to Matt 8:1-4, Mark 1:40-45, Luke 5:12-16 and Luke 17:11-14;
1. a controversy about paying tribute to Caesar analogous to Matt 22:15-22, Mark 12:13-17, Luke 20:20-26;
1. an incomplete account of a miracle on the Jordan River bank, perhaps carried out to illustrate  the parable about seeds growing miraculously.
The last story has no equivalent in canonical Gospels:

## Other websites

- The PAPYRUS EGERTON 2 Homepage  Detailed description of the manuscript, with many images. Greek and English text and reconstruction.
- Early Christian Writings website: text, commentary, links.
Gospel of Thomas

The **Gospel of Thomas** (or the **Gospel according to Thomas**, Coptic: ⲡⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲡⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲑⲱⲙⲁⲥ) is a text written during the era of the New Testament. It is considered to be an apocryphon by most Christians. It was found in Nag Hammadi, Egypt in 1945. Some Muslims identify the Gospel of Thomas as being the Injeel of Jesus referenced in the Qur'an.

The text is in the form of a codex, bound in what today is known as Coptic binding. It is almost complete. Unlike the other texts, it is not a narrative, but a collection of sayings and short dialogues attributed to Jesus. There are 114 sayings in the text. Most are compatible with the other gospels. They can also be found in one of the other gospels. Some were unknown to scholars before the codex was found. None of the big Christian groups accept the Gospel of Thomas as canon.

## Other websites

- Hypertext interlinear of Thomas; by Paterson Brown
- Gospel of Thomas with detailed comparisons with canonical sayings
- Gospel of Thomas Commentary
Fred McDowell

**Fred McDowell** (January 12 1904 – July 3 1972) (also known as **Mississippi Fred McDowell**) was a Delta blues singer and guitar player. His parents died when he was young.

### Early career

McDowell was born in Rossville, Tennessee, near Memphis. He started playing guitar when he was 14 and played at parties around where he lived.

### Later career

McDowell moved to Memphis in 1926 where he played for money. Soon after, he moved to Como, Mississippi in 1940 or 1941 and worked as a farmer. He still played at parties.

Mostly, he played slide guitar using a pocket knife and then a slide made from a beef rib bone, later switching to a glass slide. He played with the slide on his ring finger.

#### Fame

In the 1950s, people became more interested in Blues Music and McDowell became more famous. He recorded for the first time in 1959 with Alan Lomax and Shirley Collins. He started playing on electric guitar rather than acoustic but said "I do not play no rock and roll". He taught Bonnie Raitt the slide guitar technique, and was written about by The Rolling Stones'.

## Albums

McDowell's first album came out in 1969, called _I Do Not Play No Rock 'N' Roll_.

## Death

McDowell died of cancer in 1972 and is buried at Hammond Hill M.B. Church, between Como and Senatobia.

## Other websites

- Illustrated Fred McDowell discography
Taurus Mountains

- _For the Taurus Mountains on the moon, see Montes Taurus. For Mount Taurus outside Cold Spring, New York, see Bull Hill._

**Taurus Mountains** (Turkish: _Toros Dağları_) are a mountain range in Turkey, from which the Euphrates (Turkish: Fırat) and Tigris (Turkish: Dicle) descend into Syria and Iraq. The Manavgat River comes from its southern slopes.

The mountain range extends along a curve from Lake Eğirdir in the west to the upper reaches of the Euphrates and Tigris in the east. It has many peaks rising above 10,000–12,000 ft (3,000–3,700 m), with the Demirkazık summit in the region known as Aladağlar, at 3,756 meters (12,322 ft.) as the highest point. Another important peak is Medetsiz (3,524 m/11,561 ft) in the Bolkar Dağları section.

This mountain range divides the Mediterranean region of southern Turkey from the central plateau.

Limestone has eroded to form karstic landscapes of waterfalls, underground rivers, and the largest caves of Asia.

At Kestel is a Bronze Age archaeological site where early evidence of tin mining was found.

## Other websites

- NASA satellite view of the Taurus Mountains
- Information about Taurus Mountains in English
- Livius.org: Taurus
Montes Taurus

**Montes Taurus** is a mountainous region on the Moon. These peaks are on a highland region to the east of the Mare Serenitatis, in the northeastern quadrant of the Moon's near side. The selenographic coordinates of this range are , and they have a diameter about 170 km. Some of the peaks within the range achieve heights of 3.0 km.

A number of craters lie within this range. At the southwestern edge of the range is Römer crater, and Newcomb crater is in the northeastern section. Several satellite craters also lie throughout the Montes Taurus.

The Montes Taurus were named by Johannes Hevelius for the Taurus mountains in southern Turkey.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Montes Taurus
- **photo**: Montes Taurus (LRO).png
- **elevation**: 3.0 km
- **location**: the Moon
- **listing**: List of mountains on the Moon, Lunar mountains
- **translation**: Taurus Mountains
- **language**: Latin
Bull Hill

**Bull Hill**, sometimes called **Mount Taurus**, is a mountain in the U.S. state of New York. It is north of the village of Cold Spring on the Hudson River, in Putnam County. It is part of the mountain range known as the Hudson Highlands which are part of the Appalachian Mountains.

An old quarry can be seen on its south ridge.

The mountain may have gotten its name from a bull that farmers chased down it. The bull's fall gave the Breakneck Ridge its name.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Bull Hill (Mt. Taurus)
- **photo**: Bull Hill.jpg
- **photo caption**: Bull Hill from Storm King Mountain, Storm King
- **elevation**: 1,420 feet (433 m)
- **location**: New York (state), New York
- **range**: Hudson Highlands
- **topo**: West Point
- **first ascent**: unknown
- **easiest route**: trail
Forlì

**Forlì** is a city in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy. It is the capital of the _Province of Forlì-Cesena_. About 110,000 people live in Forli. It has a humid subtropical climate (_Cfa_ in the Koeppen climate classification).

Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy during World War Two, was born near Forli, in Predappio.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Forlì
- **official name**: Comune di Forlì
- **image skyline**: Piazza Saffi al tramonto.JPG
- **image caption**: Piazza Saffi
- **image flag**: Flag of Forlì.svg
- **image shield**: Forlì-Stemma.svg
- **region**: Emilia-Romagna
- **province**: Province of Forlì-Cesena, Forlì-Cesena (FC)
- **frazioni**: see #Territorial subdivisions, list
- **mayor party**: Lega Nord, LN
- **mayor**: Gian Luca Zattini
- **area total km2**: 228.2
- **population total**: 117627
- **population as of**: 31 August  2017
- **population demonym**: Forlivesi
- **elevation m**: 34
- **saint**: Beata Vergine del Fuoco
- **day**: February 4
- **postal code**: 47121-47122
- **area code**: 0543
Zagros Mountains

The **Zagros Mountains** (, ), make up Iran's and Iraq's largest mountain range. They have a total length of 1 500 km. The western portion of the mountain range runs across much of Mardin Province along Turkey's border with Syria. The north end of the Zagros Mountains is located just south of Lake Van in eastern Turkey and they run across the border into Iraq and also into the border of Iran all the way south along the north coast of the Persian Gulf. The mountain range ends at the Straits of Hormuz. The highest points in the Zagros Mountains are Zard Kuh (4 548 m) and Mt. Dena (4 359 m).

The Zagros region is an important part of Persian Gulf oil production.

## Related pages

- Taurus mountains

## Other websites

- _Zagros_, Photos from Iran, _Livius_ .
- The genus Dionysia
- Iran, Timeline of Art History
- Mesopotamia 9000 - 500 B.C.
Latina, Lazio

**Latina** is a city in the region of Lazio. It is the capital of the _Province of Latina_. About 110,000 people live in Latina. This makes it the second largest city in Lazio.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **image flag**: Flag of Latina.svg
- **image shield**: Latina-Stemma.svg
- **name**: Latina
- **region**: Lazio
- **province**: Province of Latina, Latina (LT)
- **elevation m**: 21
- **area total km2**: 277
- **population as of**: December 31, 2005
- **population total**: 111946
- **frazioni**: See Latina, Italy#Fractions, list
- **area code**: 0773
- **postal code**: 04100, 04010, 04013
- **population demonym**: Latinensi
- **saint**: Maria Goretti, Saint Maria Goretti and Mark the Evangelist, St. Mark
- **day**: April 25
- **mayor**: Vincenzo Zaccheo (since May 2002)
- **website**: [http://www.comune.latina.it/ www.comune.latina.it ]
Monza

**Monza** is a city in the region of Lombardy. In 2009 it will become the capital of the _Province of Monza and Brianza_. About 120,000 people live in Monza. This makes it the third largest city in Lombardy.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Monza
- **image skyline**: Rio Lambro.jpg
- **image caption**: The Lambro River running through Monza.
- **image flag**: Monza-Bandiera (v2).svg
- **image shield**: Coat of Arms of Monza.svg
- **official name**: Comune di Monza
- **region**: Lombardy
- **province**: Province of Monza e Brianza, Monza and Brianza (MB)
- **elevation m**: 162
- **area total km2**: 33.03
- **population as of**: 31 December 2006
- **population total**: 121445
- **area code**: +39 039
- **postal code**: 20900
- **population demonym**: Monzesi
- **saint**: St. John the Baptist, St. Gerardo dei Tintori
- **day**: June 24
- **mayor**: Marco Maria Mariani
- **website**: [http://www.comune.monza.it www.comune.monza.it]
Giugliano in Campania

**Giugliano in Campania** is a city the region of Campania in Italy. It is the largest city in Italy that is not a capital of a province. About 105,000 people live there.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **image shield**: Giugliano in Campania-Stemma.svg
- **official name**: Comune di Giugliano in Campania
- **name**: Giugliano in Campania
- **region**: Campania
- **province**: Province of Naples, Naples (NA)
- **area total km2**: 94
- **population as of**: december 31, 2004
- **population total**: 105,951
- **frazioni**: Lago Patria
- **area code**: 081
- **postal code**: 80014
- **population demonym**: Giuglianesi
- **saint**: St. Iulianus
- **day**: January 9
- **website**: [http://www.comune.giugliano.na.it www.comune.giugliano.na.it]
French Revolution of 1848

The **February 1848 Revolution** in France ended the reign of King Louis-Philippe, and led to the creation of the French Second Republic (1848-1852).

The revolution established the principle of the "right to work" (_droit au travail_), and decided to establish "National Workshops" for the unemployed. At the same time a sort of industrial parliament was established at the Luxembourg Palace, under the presidency of Louis Blanc. Tensions between liberal Orleanist and Radical Republicans and Socialists would cause the June Days Uprising a few months later.

Meanwhile the revolution inspired other European Revolutions of 1848.

## The End of the Revolution in France

The era of revolution in France came to an end when Louis Napoleon dissolved the National Assembly without having the constitutional right to do so, and became the sole ruler of France. In 1852 he reestablished the empire and took the title Emperors Napoleon III.

## 1848 Revolution in literature

- Karl Marx's Essay _The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte_ (1852) describes the 1848 revolution as a class struggle.

## Infobox (historical event)

- **event name**: French Revolution of 1848
- **image name**: Lar9 philippo 001z.jpg
- **image caption**: _Lamartine in front of the Town Hall of Paris rejects the red flag on 25 February 1848_ by Henri Félix Emmanuel Philippoteaux
- **aka**: February Revolution
- **participants**: French citizens
- **location**: France
- **date**: 22 February – 24 February 1848
- **result**: * Abdication of Louis Philippe I
* Establishment of the French Second Republic, Second Republic
Nyon (district)

The **District of Nyon** is a district in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. The seat of the district is the city of Nyon.

## Municipalities

On 1 September 2006, Nyon was reorganized. There are now fewer municipalities.

|Name|data-sort-type="number"|Population <small>()</small>|data-sort-type="number" colspan="2"|Area km²|Pre-2006 district|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Arnex-sur-Nyon|||Nyon|||
|Arzier|||Nyon|||
|Bassins|||Nyon|||
|Begnins|||Nyon|||
|Bogis-Bossey|||Nyon|||
|Borex|||Nyon|||
|Bursinel|||Rolle|||
|Bursins|||Rolle|||
|Burtigny|||Rolle|||
|Chavannes-de-Bogis|||Nyon|||
|Chavannes-des-Bois|||Nyon|||
|Chéserex|||Nyon|||
|Coinsins|||Nyon|||
|Commugny|||Nyon|||
|Coppet|||Nyon|||
|Crans-près-Céligny|||Nyon|||
|Crassier|||Nyon|||
|Duillier|||Nyon|||
|Dully|||Rolle|||
|Essertines-sur-Rolle|||Rolle|||
|Eysins|||Nyon|||
|Founex|||Nyon|||
|Genolier|||Nyon|||
|Gilly|||Rolle|||
|Gingins|||Nyon|||
|Givrins|||Nyon|||
|Gland|||Nyon|||
|Grens|||Nyon|||
|La Rippe|||Nyon|||
|Le Vaud|||Nyon|||
|Longirod|||Aubonne|||
|Luins|||Rolle|||
|Marchissy|||Aubonne|||
|Mies|||Nyon|||
|Mont-sur-Rolle|||Rolle|||
|Nyon|||Nyon|||
|Perroy|||Rolle|||
|Prangins|||Nyon|||
|Rolle|||Rolle|||
|Saint-Cergue|||Nyon|||
|Saint-George|||Aubonne|||
|Signy-Avenex|||Nyon|||
|Tannay|||Nyon|||
|Tartegnin|||Rolle|||
|Trélex|||Nyon|||
|Vich|||Nyon|||
|Vinzel|||Rolle|||
Skip James

**Nehemiah Curtis "Skip" James** (June 9, 1902 – October 3, 1969) was an American Delta blues singer, guitarist, pianist and songwriter.

### Early years

James was born near Bentonia, Mississippi. He worked on road construction in the early 1920s, and wrote his earliest song, "Illinois Blues", about his experience as a worker. He began playing guitar in open D-minor tuning with three fingers.

### 1920s and '30s

Skip James traveled to Grafton, Wisconsin to record for Paramount. James recorded blues and spirituals and cover versions of other songs.

The Great Depression happened just as James' records were put on the market. Not many people bought them because of this and James had to give up Blues music and worked in a church with his father.

### After the depression

For the next thirty years, James did not record any songs. In July 1964, James started playing again and he recorded for the Takoma, Melodeon, and Vanguard labels and played until his death in 1969.

## Discography

**Paramount 78s: 1931**
- _Complete 1931 Session_ Yazoo, 1986
- _Complete Recorded Works (1931)_ Document, 1990
- _The Complete Early Recordings of Skip James - 1930_ Yazoo, 1994
- _Cypress Grove Blues_ Snapper Music Group, 2004
- _Illinois Blues_ Universe, 2004
- _The Complete 1931 Recordings_ Body & Soul, 2005
- _Hard Time Killin' Floor_ Yazoo, 2005

**After the depression: 1964-1969**
- _Greatest of the Delta Blues Singers_ Biograph, 1964
- _She Lyin_ Adelphi, 1964 (first released: Genes, 1996)
- _Skip James Today!_ Vanguard, 1965
- _Devil Got My Woman_  Vanguard, 1968
- _I'm So Glad_ Vanguard, 1978
- _Live: Boston, 1964 & Philadelphia, 1966_  Document, 1994
- _Skip's Piano Blues_, 1964 (Genes, 1998)
- _Blues From the Delta_ Vanguard, 1998 (two unreleased recordings)
- _The Complete Bloomington, Indiana Concert - March 30, 1968_ Document, 1999
- _Skip's Guitar Blues_, 1964(?) (Genes, 1999)
- _Studio Sessions: Rare and Unreleased_, 1967 (Vanguard, 2003)
- _Hard Time Killing Floor Blues_ Biograph, 2003
- _Heroes of the Blues: The Very Best of Skip James_ Shout!, 2003
- _Hard Time_ Universe, 2003

## Other websites

- Illustrated Skip James discography
- Interview with Skip James' surviving cousin
- _Can't Find No Heaven: The Mysteries of Skip James_  by Matt R. Lohr, a speculative study of Skip James' personality

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Skip James
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Nehemiah Curtis James
- **birth place**: Bentonia, Mississippi, Bentonia, Mississippi, United States, USA
- **death place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, USA
- **instrument**: Singer, Vocals, Guitar, Piano
- **genre**: Delta blues
- **occupation**: Musician, Songwriter
- **years active**: 1931 in music, 1931
1964 in music, 1964 - 1969 in music, 1969
- **label**: Paramount Records, Paramount, Vanguard Records, Vanguard, Biograph Records, Biograph, Adelphi Records, Adelphi, Document, Snapper Music Group, Universe, Body & Soul, Yazoo, Genes
Olaf Kölzig

**Olaf Kölzig** (born April 6, 1970) is a South African-born German retired professional ice hockey goaltender. He played a career total of 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Washington Capitals and the Tampa Bay Lightning.

Kölzig was born in South Africa, but he grew up in several cities across Canada and his family moved to Union Bay, British Columbia, Canada, when he was a teenager. Kölzig never applied for Canadian citizenship, which, combined with his German parentage and German passport, allows him to represent Germany internationally. In May 2008 Kolzig announced that he would not return to the Capitals.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Olaf Kolzig 2007.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Kölzig with the Capitals in 2007
- **team**: Washington Capitals
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **position**: Goaltender
- **catches**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 3
- **weight lb**: 221
- **ntl team**: DEU
- **birth place**: Johannesburg, South Africa, RSA
- **draft**: 19th overall
- **draft year**: 1989
- **draft team**: Washington Capitals
- **career start**: 1989
- **former teams**: Tampa Bay Lightning
- **career end**: 2009
León, Guanajuato

**Léon** is a city in the Mexican state of Guanajuato. About 1,150,000 people live in Léon. This makes it the seventh largest city in Mexico and the largest city in Guanajuato.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: City of León
- **official name**: León de los Aldama
- **settlement type**: City
- **motto**: LABOR OMNIA VINCIT
El labor todo lo vence
("Work conquers all")
- **image flag**: BanderaLeon.png
- **image shield**: EscudoMunicipioLeon.png
- **shield size**: 50px
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Guanajuato
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Vicente Guerrero (mayor), Vicente Guerrero (PAN)
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 20 January 1576
- **area land km2**: 1219.67
- **elevation m**: 1815
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population total**: 1137465
- **population urban**: 1278087
- **population metro**: 1584337
- **timezone**: Central Time Zone (North America), Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **area code**: Telephone numbers in Mexico, +52
- **blank name**: Telephone exchange
- **blank info**: 477
- **footnotes**: Sources:
National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Data Processing
Jim Carey (ice hockey)

**Jim Carey** (born May 31, 1974 in Dorchester, Massachusetts) is an  American retired professional ice hockey goaltender.

## Awards

- 1993 - WCHA All-Rookie Team
- 1993 – WCHA Rookie of the Year
- 1993 – WCHA Second All-Star Team
- 1995 – AHL Aldege "Baz" Bastien Memorial Award
- 1995 – AHL Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award
- 1995 – AHL First All-Star Team
- 1995 – NHL All-Rookie Team
- 1996 – NHL First All-Star Team
- 1996 – NHL Vezina Trophy

## Transactions

- June 20, 1992 – Drafted in the 2nd round, 32nd overall by the Washington Capitals in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft
- March 1, 1997 – Traded by the Washington Capitals with Jason Allison, Anson Carter, and the Capitals' 3rd round selection (Lee Goren) in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft to the Boston Bruins for Adam Oates, Bill Ranford, and Rick Tocchet
- March 1, 1999 – Signed by the St. Louis Blues

### Regular season

|colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"|||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1989-90|Catholic Memorial High School|High-MA|12|12|0|0|--|--|--|1.00|--|--|--|--|--|--|
|1990-91|Catholic Memorial High School|High-MA|14|13|0|0|--|--|6|1.66|--|--|--|--|--|--|
|1991-92|Catholic Memorial High School|High-MA|21|19|2|0|1108|29|6|1.57|--|--|--|--|--|--|
|1992-93|University of Wisconsin-Madison|WCHA|26|15|8|1|1525|78|1|3.07|--|--|--|0|3|0|
|1993-94|University of Wisconsin-Madison|WCHA|40|24|13|1|2247|114|1|3.04|--|--|--|0|3|6|
|1994-95|Portland Pirates|AHL|55|30|14|11|3281|151|6|2.76|1655|1504|.909|0|2|10|
|1994-95|Washington Capitals|NHL|28|18|6|3|1604|57|4|2.13|654|597|.913|0|0|0|
|1995-96|Washington Capitals|NHL|71|35|24|9|4069|153|9|2.26|1631|1478|.906|0|1|6|
|1996-97|Washington Capitals|NHL|40|17|18|3|2293|105|1|2.75|984|879|.893|0|0|2|
|1996-97|Boston Bruins|NHL|19|5|13|0|1004|64|0|3.82|496|432|.871|0|0|0|
|1997-98|Providence Bruins|AHL|10|2|7|1|605|40|0|3.97|328|288|.878|0|0|2|
|1997-98|Boston Bruins|NHL|10|3|2|1|496|24|2|2.90|225|201|.893|0|0|0|
|1998-99|Cincinnati Cyclones|IHL|2|1|0|1|120|2|0|1.00|52|50|.962|0|0|0|
|1998-99|Providence Bruins|AHL|30|17|8|3|1750|68|3|2.33|838|770|.919|0|0|4|
|1998-99|St. Louis Blues|NHL|4|1|2|0|202|13|0|3.86|76|63|.829|0|0|0|

### Playoffs

|colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1994-95|Washington Capitals|NHL|7|2|4|358|25|0|4.19|151|126|.834|0|0|4|
|1995-96|Washington Capitals|NHL|3|0|1|97|10|0|6.19|39|29|.744|0|0|0|
Ciudad Juárez

**Ciudad Juárez** is a city in the Mexician state of Chihuahua. About 1,600,000 people live in Ciudad Juárez. This makes it the fifth largest city in Mexico and the largest city in Chihuahua. It is at the border to the USA, opposite El Paso.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **settlement type**: City
- **name**: Heroica Ciudad Juárez
- **nickname**: _Paso del Norte_, "Juárez"
- **image skyline**: Juarez montage.jpg
- **image caption**: Collage of Juárez scenes
- **motto**: __ (Spanish language, Spanish for "Refuge of liberty, guard of the republic")
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Ciudad Juárez.svg
- **pushpin map**: Mexico
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: Chihuahua (state), Chihuahua
- **subdivision type2**: Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Juárez (Municipality of Chihuahua), Juárez
- **leader title**: Municipal president of Juárez, Municipal president
- **leader name**: Armando Cabada (Independent politician, Ind.)
- **established title**: Foundation
- **established date**: 1659
- **area total km2**: 321.19
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 1,521,004
- **population density km2**: 7027
- **population density sq mi**: 19290
- **population metro**: 2,539,946
- **population blank1 title**: Demonym
- **population blank1**: Juarense
- **blank1 name**: Köppen climate classification, Climate
- **blank1 info**: Desert climate#Cold desert climates, BWk
- **timezone**: Mountain Standard Time, MST
- **utc offset**: −7
- **timezone dst**: Mountain Daylight Time, MDT
- **utc offset dst**: −6
- **elevation m**: 1137
- **postal code**: 32000
- **area code**: Area codes in Mexico, +52 656
- **website**: http://www.juarez.gob.mx
San Cristóbal Ecatepec

**San Cristóbal Ecatepec** (or _Ecatepec de Morelos_) is a city in the state of México in Mexico. About 1,700,000 people live there. This makes San Christóbal de Ectatepec the second largest city in Mexico and the largest in the state of México.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ecatepec de Morelos
- **official name**: Ecatepec de Morelos
- **settlement type**: Seat and Municipalities of Mexico State, Municipality of "Ecatepec"
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Mexico
- **subdivision type1**: States of Mexico, State
- **subdivision name1**: State of Mexico
- **image shield**: Ehecatepec.jpg
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population total**: 1,687,549
- **population density km2**: auto
- **leader title**: Municipal president
- **subdivision type2**: Municipal seat
- **subdivision name2**: San Cristobál Ecatepec
- **subdivision type3**: Largest city
- **subdivision name3**: San Cristobál Ecatepec
- **timezone**: Central Standard Time, CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: Central Daylight Time, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
Hockey Hall of Fame

The **Hockey Hall of Fame** () is in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is both a sports history museum and a hall of fame. It holds displays about players, teams, National Hockey League (NHL) records, and NHL trophies, including the Stanley Cup. First opened in Kingston, Ontario, the Hockey Hall of Fame was first began in 1943 by James T. Sutherland. The first group of members was selected in 1945, before the Hall of Fame had a permanent location. It moved to Toronto in 1958 after the NHL took away its support for the Kingston location. Its first permanent building opened at Exhibition Place in 1961. Because the Hall was getting too big for its location, it was moved to an old Bank of Montreal building in downtown Toronto in 1993, where it currently is.

## Other websites

- The Hockey Hall of Fame official site
- History of Toronto: Hockey Hall of Fame
Léo Dandurand

**Joseph Viateur "Leo" Dandurand** (July 9, 1889 – June 26, 1964), was the owner of the Montreal Canadians in the National Hockey League and in the league that evolved into the Canadian Football League.

## Life

Dandurand was born in Bourbonnais, Illinois. He moved to Canada with his family when he was 16 years old and attended Collège Sainte-Marie de Montréal. He was a referee in the National Hockey Association and was involved with minor hockey in the Montreal, Quebec area.

On November 2, 1921, Dandurand and his partners, Joseph Cattarinich and Louis Letourneau, purchased the Montreal Canadiens hockey club from the widow of George Kennedy for $11,000. Under Dandurand's ownership, the Canadiens won the Stanley Cup in 1924, 1930, and 1931. Letourneau sold his stake in the club in 1930, and Dandurand and Cattarinich continued as owners until selling the team in 1935 for $165,000.

Along with hockey, Dandurand and his partners were heavily involved with horse racing. In 1932, they bought Blue Bonnets Raceway in Montreal. They owned 17 tracks in Quebec, Ontario, New York, Ohio, Delaware, Illinois, Utah, and Louisiana at the time of Cattarinich's death in 1938. Dandurand was also a boxing and wrestling promoter in Montreal and a director of the Montreal Royals baseball team.

In 1946, Dandurand founded the Montreal Alouettes football team with Eric Cradock and Lew Hayman. The team played in the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union, which later became the CFL's east division.

In his later years, Dandurand owned a successful restaurant in downtown Montreal. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1963 and died of a heart attack on June 26, 1964 at age 75.

## Leo Dandurand Trophy

The Leo Dandurand Trophy is a CFL award presented each year to the most outstanding lineman in the East Division.
Billy Smith

**William John Smith** (born December 12, 1950) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. He won four Stanley Cups with the New York Islanders. Smith was credited as the first goaltender to score a goal in the National Hockey League.

He was nicknamed "Battlin' Billy" or "Hatchet Man".

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Billy Smith
- **image**: Billy Smith.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Smith at the 2008 Legends Classic game
- **position**: Goaltender
- **played for**: ***American Hockey League, AHL***
 Springfield Kings
***National Hockey League, NHL***
 Los Angeles Kings
 New York Islanders
- **catches**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 175
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **birth place**: Perth, Ontario, Perth, Ontario, Canada
- **draft**: 59th overall
- **draft year**: 1970
- **draft team**: Los Angeles Kings
- **career start**: 1970
- **career end**: 1989
- **halloffame**: 1993
Bill Durnan

**William Ronald Durnan** (January 22, 1916 – October 31, 1972) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 7 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played his entire NHL career with the Montreal Canadiens. Until Roberto Luongo was named captain of the Vancouver Canucks on September 30, 2008, Durnan was the last goaltender to be a captain in the National Hockey League, and one of only seven ever. Bill Durnan was ambidextrous, meaning he could catch with either hand. This star goalie is one of the greatest Montreal Canadiens in history. He won the Stanley Cup twice with the Canadiens and was a six-time Vezina Trophy winner. Durnan was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1964.

## Awards

First All-Star Team goalie in 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950.

Won the Vezina Trophy in 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950.

Played in NHL All-Star Game in 1947, 1948, 1949

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Bill Durnan.jpg
- **image size**: 100px
- **caption**: Durnan with Canadiens in the mid-1940s
- **position**: Goaltender
- **birth place**: Toronto, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **caught**: Both
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 190
- **played for**: Montreal Canadiens
- **career start**: 1944
- **career end**: 1950
- **halloffame**: 1964
Night of Champions (2008)

**Night of Champions (2008)** was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on June 29, 2008 at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas and featured talent from the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands. It was the second Night of Champions event held by WWE and the first without the Vengeance name. As a tradition, every championship in WWE was defended at the event.

## Results

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Jeff Hardy defeated Montel Vontavious Porter|Singles match|3:34||||||
|John Morrison and The Miz (c) defeated Finlay and Hornswoggle|Tag team match for the WWE Tag Team Championship|||||||
|Matt Hardy (c) defeated Chavo Guerrero (with Bam Neely)|Singles match for the WWE United States Championship|||||||
|Mark Henry defeated Kane (c) and Big Show|Triple Threat match for the ECW Championship|||||||
|Ted DiBiase and Cody Rhodes (c) defeated Hardcore Holly (c)|Two-on-one Handicap match for the World Tag Team Championship|||||||
|Kofi Kingston defeated Chris Jericho (c) (with Lance Cade)|Singles match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship|11:00||||||
|Mickie James (c) defeated Katie Lea Burchill (with Paul Burchill)|Singles match for the WWE Women's Championship|||||||
|Edge (c) defeated Batista|Singles match for the World Heavyweight Championship|||||||
|Triple H (c) defeated John Cena|Singles match for.the WWE Championship|19:39||||||
|colspan="4" align=center||||||||

## Other websites

- Official Night Of Champions website

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Night of Champions (2008)
- **tagline**: It's a Night of Defenders, It's a Night of Challengers, It's a Night of Champions.
- **theme**: _"Devour (song), Devour"_ by Shinedown
- **promotion**: WWE, World Wrestling Entertainment
- **brand**: WWE Raw, Raw
WWE SmackDown, SmackDown
ECW (WWE), ECW
- **date**: June 29, 2008
- **venue**: American Airlines Center
- **city**: Dallas, Texas
- **lastevent**: One Night Stand (2008)
- **nextevent**: The Great American Bash (2008)
- **event**: WWE Night of Champions, Night of Champions
- **lastevent2**: Vengeance: Night of Champions
- **nextevent2**: Night of Champions (2009)
Gemsbok

The **gemsbok** or **gemsbuck** (_Oryx gazella_) is an African plains antelope.  They are found all over Africa, especially Tanzania, Namibia and South Africa.

## Grouping

Gemsboks live in a herd of 10-40.  The herds are usually set up with a dominant male and female as leaders of the herd.  The males have striaght pointed horns and have been known to attack and kill lions and other predators by impaling them.  The females are the same, but sometimes have curved horns.

## Northern and Southern

There are two varieties of gemsbok.  A Northern Gemsbuck and a Southern Gemsbok.  The northern variety have black fringed ears and live in the more northern parts of Africa.  The Southern variety have longer horns and live in the southern parts of Africa.
The Left Hand of Darkness

***The Left Hand of Darkness*** is a science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin in 1969. It won the 1969 Nebula and 1970 Hugo awards.

## Translations

- , 1985, 1997
- , 2004 (ISBN 978-953-203-182-9)
- , also known as _Winterplanet_ (Heyne-Verlag paperback edition, translated by Gisela Stege)
- and later as
- , 1979, 2015
- 1995, 2002
- , 1991, 1992, 1993, 1999, 2006

## Other websites

- Bibliography: _The Left Hand of Darkness_ at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
- Audio review and discussion of _The Left Hand of Darkness_ at The Science Fiction Book Review Podcast

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: The Left Hand of Darkness
- **author**: Ursula K. Le Guin
- **cover artist**: Leo and Diane Dillon (depicted)
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **series**: Hainish Cycle
- **genre**: Science fiction
- **published**: 1969 (Ace Books)
- **media type**: Print (Paperback originals, paperback original; hardcover also 1969)
- **pages**: 286 (first edition)
300 (most modern editions)
- **oclc**: 181524
- **preceded by**: City of Illusions
- **followed by**: The Word for World Is Forest
Akan language

**Akan** is a language group spoken by related peoples in mainly Ghana and eastern Côte d'Ivoire. Akan belongs to the Kwa group of the Niger-Congo language family.

## Dialects

Akan comprises four main mutually intelligible dialects: Fante, Asante Twi,Bono and Akwapim Twi. Asante Twi is the widely used.  Akan is the most widely spoken and used indigenous language in Ghana. About 44%, of Ghana’s population of about 22 million, speak Akan as first language. However, about 80% of Ghanaians speak Akan as a first and second language. It is officially recognized for literacy, at least at the lower primary (Primary 1-3) level, and studied at university as a bachelor or masters program. It is the most important indigenous language of Ghana. It is the language of the Western, Central, Ashanti, Eastern, Brong Ahafo regions, and the northern portion of the Volta region of Ghana.

A form of Akan is also spoken in South America, notably Suriname and Jamaica. The language came to these places through the slave trade.

## Studies

Akan is studied in major universities in the United States, including Ohio University, Ohio State University, University of Wisconsin, Harvard University, Boston University, Indiana University, Michigan University, and The University of Florida. It has been a regular African language of study in the annual Summer Cooperative African Languages Institute (SCALI) program.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Akan
- **nativename**: Akan
- **states**: Ghana, Ivory Coast (Abron), Benin (Tchumbuli)
- **ethnicity**: Akan people
- **speakers**: million
- **date**: 2017
- **familycolor**: Niger-Congo
- **fam2**: Atlantic–Congo languages, Atlantic–Congo
- **fam3**: Kwa languages, Kwa
- **fam4**: Potou–Tano languages, Potou–Tano
- **fam5**: Tano languages, Tano
- **fam6**: Central Tano languages, Central Tano
- **nation**: None.
— Government-sponsored language of Ghana
- **agency**: Akan Orthography Committee
- **script**: Latin script, Latin (Twi alphabet, Fante alphabet)
Twi Braille
- **iso1**: ak
- **iso2**: aka
- **iso3**: aka
- **lc1**: abr
- **ld1**: Abron dialect
- **lc2**: bqa
- **ld2**: Tchumbuli
- **lc3**: fat
- **ld3**: Fante dialect
- **lc4**: twi
- **ld4**: Twi
- **lc5**: wss
- **ld5**: Wasa
- **glotto**: akan1251
- **glottoname**: Akanic
- **notice**: IPA
Akkadian language

**Akkadian** (**') or **Assyro-Babylonian''' was a Semitic language, part of the Afro-Asiatic language family, spoken in ancient Iraq. The first-known Semitic language, it used the cuneiform writing system from ancient Sumer.

## History

The earliest known Akkadian inscription was found on a bowl at Ur. It was addressed to a very early pre-Sargonic king of Ur by his queen Gan-saman, who is thought to have been from Akkad. The Akkadian Empire, established by Sargon of Akkad, introduced the Akkadian language, i.e. the "language of Akkad", as a written language. It used Sumerian cuneiform orthography (writing method) for the purpose.

During the middle Bronze Age (Old Assyrian and Old Babylonian period), the language displaced Sumerian. Sumerian probably became extinct as a living language by the 18th century BC.

## Evolution

Akkadian is divided into several varieties based on geography and historical period:
- Old Akkadian, 2500–1950 BC
- Old Babylonian/Old Assyrian, 1950–1530 BC
- Middle Babylonian/Middle Assyrian, 1530–1000 BC
- Neo-Babylonian/Neo-Assyrian, 1000–600 BC
- Late Babylonian, 600 BC–100 AD

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Akkadian
- **nativename**:

- **altname**: Babylonian or Assyrian
- **image**: P1050578 Louvre Obélisque de Manishtusu détail rwk.JPG
- **imagecaption**: Akkadian language inscription on the Manishtushu#Manishtushu Obelisk, obelisk of Manishtushu
- **region**: Mesopotamia
- **era**: –500 BC; academic or liturgical use until AD 100
- **familycolor**: Afro-Asiatic
- **fam2**: Semitic languages, Semitic
- **fam3**: East Semitic languages, East
- **dia1**: Old Akkadian
- **dia2**: Assyrian
- **dia3**: Babylonian
- **dia4**: Canaano-Akkadian language, Canaano-Akkadian
- **iso2**: akk
- **iso3**: akk
- **linglist**: akk
- **glotto**: akka1240
- **glottorefname**: Akkadian
- **script**: Cuneiform, Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform
- **nation**: Initially Akkadian Empire, Akkad (central Mesopotamia); lingua franca of the Middle East and Ancient Egypt, Egypt in the late Bronze Age, Bronze and early Iron Ages.
- **notice**: IPA
Afar language

The **Afar language** () (also known as **’Afar Af**, **Afaraf**, **Qafar af**) is a lowland East Cushitic language spoken by the Afar people in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti. It is thought to have 1.5 million speakers. Its most similar language is the Saho language.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Afar
- **ethnicity**: Afar people, Afar
- **states**: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia
- **region**: Horn of Africa
- **speakers**: 1,990,800
- **date**: 2017
- **familycolor**: Afro-Asiatic
- **fam2**: Cushitic languages, Cushitic
- **fam3**: Lowland East Cushitic
- **fam4**: Saho–Afar languages, Saho–Afar
- **script**: Latin script, Latin
- **minority**:

- **iso1**: aa
- **iso2**: aar
- **iso3**: aar
- **notice**: IPA
- **glotto**: afar1241
- **glottorefname**: Afar
Abkhaz language

**Abkhaz** is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken mostly in Abkhazia (Georgia) and Turkey. It is  the official language of Georgia's Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, where around 100,000 people speak it.

## References

**Notes**

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Abkhaz Language
- **altname**: Abkhazian
- **nativename**: ;
Apsua byzshwa; apsshwa
- **ethnicity**: Abkhazians
- **states**: Abkhazia and Abkhaz diaspora
- **speakers**: 190,110
- **date**: 2014-2015
- **familycolor**: Caucasian
- **fam1**: Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian
- **fam2**: Abazgi languages, Abazgi
- **dia1**: Abzhywan
- **dia2**: Bzyb dialect, Bzyb
- **dia3**: Sadz
- **nation**: Republic of Abkhazia; Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, Georgia
- **script**: Cyrillic script, Cyrillic (Abkhaz alphabet)
Historically: Latin script, Latin, Georgian script, Georgian
- **iso1**: ab
- **iso1comment**: Abkhazian
- **iso2**: abk
- **iso2comment**: Abkhazian
- **iso3**: abk
- **iso3comment**: Abkhazian
- **glotto**: abkh1244
- **glottoname**: Abkhazian
- **map**: Map of Abkhaz language.svg
Adyghe language

The **Adyghe language** is one of the two main languages of the Republic of Adygea in the Russian Federation. It is spoken by many tribes of the Adyghe people.  The language is called by its speakers "_Adygebze_" or "_Adəgăbză_", and can also be spelled in English as _Adygean_, _Adygeyan_ or _Adygei_. It is also called _Circassian_.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Adyghe
- **altname**: West Circassian
- **nativename**: Адыгабзэ
- **states**: Russia (incl. Circassia: Adygea
- **ethnicity**: Circassians, Cherkesogai
- **speakers**: 575,900
- **date**: 2005–2015
- **familycolor**: Caucasian
- **fam1**: Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian
- **fam2**: Circassian languages, Circassian
- **script**: Cyrillic script, Cyrillic (current)
Latin script, Latin (historical)
Arabic script, Arabic (historical)
Georgian script, Georgian (historical & gaining popularity)
- **iso2**: ady
- **iso3**: ady
- **map**: Adyghe in Adygea (2002).png
- **mapcaption**: Distribution of the Adyghe language in Adygea, Russia (2002)
- **notice**: IPA
- **glotto**: adyg1241
- **glottorefname**: Adyghe
- **image**: Adyghe_in_Cyrillic_and_Perso-Arabic.png
- **imagecaption**: Adyghe written in the Cyrillic script, Latin script and the now-defunt Perso-Arabic variant