juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Strum, Wisconsin

**Strum** is a village in Trempealeau County of the state of Wisconsin in the United States.  It can be found along the Buffalo River. 1,076 people were living in Strum as of the 2020 census. Strum has an area of 1.3 square miles, says the United States Census Bureau.

## Other websites

- Village of Strum
- School District of Eleva-Strum

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Strum, Wisconsin
- **settlement type**: Village (United States), Village
- **image map**: WIMap-doton-Strum.png
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Strum, Wisconsin
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: Political divisions of the United States, State
- **subdivision name1**: Wisconsin
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Wisconsin, County
- **subdivision name2**: Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, Trempealeau
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 3.4
- **area land km2**: 3.2
- **area water km2**: 0.3
- **area total sq mi**: 1.3
- **area land sq mi**: 1.2
- **area water sq mi**: 0.1
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2020, 2020
- **population total**: 1076
- **population density km2**: 338.3
- **population density sq mi**: 876.2
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 277
- **elevation ft**: 909
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 55-77825
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1574988
Primary cell

A **primary cell** is a battery that is made to be used one time only. It cannot be recharged. Once all the power is used up, the battery must be thrown away. It no longer makes electricity. Primary cells are often used to give power to small appliances that are used in the home.

The advantages about this kind of disposable battery include:
- being cheaper (costs less money)
- being easier to make
- lasting longer before being used (shelf life)
- high availability

The disadvantages about this kind of disposable battery are that:
- it is highly toxic and
- it releases too much waste when thrown away.

## Examples

- Alkaline battery
- Leclanche battery
- Lithium battery
- Mercury battery
- Silver oxide battery

## Historic primary cells

The following primary cells are only of historical interest. The dry cell is now almost universal.

|Name|Positive plate|Negative plate|Electrolyte|Depolarizer|Voltage|Link|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Bunsen cell|Carbon|Zinc|Sulphuric acid|Nitric acid|1.9|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunsen_cell(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunsen_cell)|
|Daniell cell|Copper|Zinc|Sulphuric acid|Copper sulphate|1.1|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniell_cell(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniell_cell)|
|Grove cell|Platinum|Zinc|Sulphuric acid|Nitric acid|1.9|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_cell(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grove_cell)|
|Poggendorff cell|Carbon|Zinc|Sulphuric acid|Chromic acid|2.0|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromic_acid_cell(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromic_acid_cell)|

## Related pages

- Secondary cell
- Battery
- Table of batteries
- Voltaic pile
Liam Finn

**Liam Finn** is a rock singer who was born in Australia, grew up in New Zealand but now lives in London in England. Liam is the son of Neil Finn, the singer of the famous group Crowded House. He is currently a member of Crowded House, as guitarist and vocalist, along with his brother Elroy on drums.

Liam was lead singer of the band Betchadupa in New Zealand.

Liam continues to have a solo career, playing shows in Ireland and the UK in June and July 2024 while on tour with Crowded House.

His solo work is marked by his ability as a multi-instrumentalist, he records multiple guitar riffs and drum beats using foot pedals and loops them while playing and singing over the top.

Liam Finn played a song in the television show of David Letterman in 2008.

### Studio albums

- I'll Be Lightning (2007)
- Champagne In Seashells EP (2009)
- FOMO (2011)

### Live albums

- Live (in Spaceland) – 22 February 2008, Spaceland Recordings
- Live From The Wiltern – (2008) Yep Roc Records
Twilight (2008 movie)

***Twilight*** is a 2008 American teen romantic-fantasy movie. It is based on the novel by Stephenie Meyer. The movie was directed by Catherine Hardwicke and stars Robert Pattinson, Kristen Stewart, and Taylor Lautner. Stephenie Meyer has a cameo appearance in the movie. The movie is about a teenage girl and a vampire falling in love.

The movie was a huge success. It was released in cinemas on November 21, 2008 and grossed $35.7 million on this day. Since then, it has gone on to gross over $382,133,300 worldwide. The soundtrack for the movie was released on November 4, 2008 and debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200. The soundtrack contains all of the music from the movie including music created and sung by actor Robert Pattinson, who appeared in the movie.

## Plot

Bella Swan, who is seventeen years old, moves to Forks, a small town in Washington, to live with her father, Charlie, after her mother remarries. She meets many new friends at High School and they inform her about the Cullen family, and Bella becomes intrigued. Edward Cullen, who is in Bella's Biology class, acts very strangely when he sees her for the first time, which makes Bella confused. A few days later, Bella is almost hit with a blue van in the school parking lot. Edward manages to move extremely quickly by her side and pushes the van away with his hand, leaving a huge pressure mark in the side of the van. Bella did not know how he managed to do this, so she is determined to find out. However, Edward refuses to explain what happened, and warns her not to be friends with him.

After Bella does lots of research, she finds out that Edward Cullen is a vegetarian vampire. Bella and Edward fall in love and Edward introduces her to his family, Carlisle, Esme, Alice, Jasper, Emmett, and Rosalie who are also vampires. They invite Bella to play baseball with them, and she agrees. However, three other vampires called James, Victoria and Laurent arrive and disrupt the game. James, who is a tracker vampire, is intrigued by Edward's protectiveness over a human girl and wants to hunt Bella. Edward and his family risk their lives to protect her, but James gets Bella on her own after lying to her that he was holding her mother hostage. James attacks Bella and bites her wrist, but Edward, along with the other Cullen family members, arrives before he can kill her. James is destroyed, and Edward sucks James's venom from Bella's wrist, preventing her from becoming a vampire.

A severely injured Bella is taken to a hospital. Upon returning to Forks, Bella and Edward attend their school prom. While there, Bella expresses her desire to become a vampire, which Edward ignores. The movie ends with Victoria secretly watching the pair dancing, plotting revenge for her love.
Cyclone Tracy

**Cyclone Tracy** was a tropical cyclone that destroyed the city of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, from Christmas Eve to Christmas Day, 1974. It is the most compact tropical cyclone on record in Australia, with the gale force winds reaching out only  from the centre. It is the second most compact cyclone in the world. Tropical Storm Marco of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season had gale-force winds reaching only  from the centre. After forming over the Arafura Sea, the Tracy moved south and hit the city with Category 4 winds on the Australian cyclone scale. It is possible that it had reached Category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale when it made landfall.

Tracy killed 71 people, caused $837 million in damage (1974 AUD) and destroyed more than 70% of Darwin's buildings, including 80% of the houses. Of the 49,000 people who lived in Darwin, 20,000 people were left homeless. More than 30,000 people had to leave the city. Most of Darwin's population were moved to Adelaide, Whyalla, Alice Springs and Sydney. Many people never returned to Darwin. The city was rebuilt using modern materials and updated building methods. Bruce Stannard of _The Age_ stated that Cyclone Tracy was a "disaster ... without parallel in Australia's history."
Kristen Stewart

**Kristen Jaymes Stewart** (born April 9, 1990) is an American actress working in television and movies. She is known for roles in the films _Catch That Kid_, _Panic Room_, _Zathura_, _In the Land of Women_, _Adventureland_, _Into the Wild_, _The Messengers_, _Twilight_, _The Twilight Saga: New Moon_ and _The Twilight Saga: Eclipse_. In 2021, she played Princess Diana of Wales in the biopic drama _Spencer_ and the role earned her the first Academy Award nomination.

## Early life

Kristen Jaymes Stewart was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. Her father, John Stewart works as a stage manager and television producer. Kristen's mother, Jules Mann-Stewart, is a script supervisor and was born in Australia. Kristen has an older brother, Cameron Stewart.

## Career

Kristen started acting when she was eight years old, after an agent saw her perform at her school's Christmas event. Her first minor roles were in programs such as _The Thirteenth Year_ and _The Safety Of Objects_ and her first major role was in a movie called _Panic Room_. Since then, Kristen has appeared in films such as _Cold Creek Manor_, _Catch That Kid_, _Undertow_ and _Speak_.

She won the Orange Rising Star Award in 2010.

## Other websites

- Kristen Stewart Breaks Down Her Career, Vanity Fair, published by YouTube July 30, 2019

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Kristen Stewart
- **image**: Kristin_Stewart_and_Dylan_Meyer_2022-03-13-_(cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Stewart in 2022
- **birthname**: Kristen Jaymes Stewart
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, USA
- **yearsactive**: 1999–present
- **height cm**: 165
- **signature**: Kristen Stewart signature.svg
- **signature size**: 100px
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Kristen Stewart, Full list
Catch That Kid

***Catch That Kid!*** is a 2004 American criminal comedy movie. It was directed by Bart Freundlich. It is a remake of the Danish movie _Klatretøsen_ (2002). The movie's working titles were _Mission Without Permission_ (also the movie's United Kingdom title) and _Catch That Girl_.
Catherine Hardwicke

**Catherine Hardwicke** (born **Helen Catherine Hardwicke**; ) is an American production designer and movie director. She has worked on the movies _Thirteen_, _The Nativity Story_ and _Twilight_.

### Director

|Year|Title|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2003|_Thirteen_|Also Writer *Sundance Film Festival Dramatic Directing Award *Deauville Film Festival Jury Special Prize *Directors View Film Festival Dorothy Arzner Prize *Locarno International Film Festival Silver Leopard Award *Nantucket Film Festival Award for Best Feature Screenplay *National Board of Review, USA Special Recognition Award *Nominated-Bratislava International Film Festival for Grand Prix Award *Nominated- Deauville Film Festival for Grand Special Prize *Nominated- Gijon International Film Festival for Grand Prix Asturias *Nominated- Independent Spirit Awards for Best First Feature *Nominated- Independent Spirit Awards for Best First Screenplay *Nominated- Locarno International Film Festival for Golden Leopard Award *Nominated- Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards for Best Screenplay, Original *Nominated- Satellite Awards for Best Director *Nominated- Satellite Awards for Best Screenplay, Original *Nominated- Sundance Film Festival Grand Jury Prize(Dramatic) *Nominated- Washington DC Area Film Critics Association Awards for Best Screenplay, Original|
|2005|_Lords of Dogtown_|*Nominated- Golden Trailer Awards for Best Drama *Nominated- Teen Choice Awards for Action Adventure|
|2006|_The Nativity Story_|Also executive producer *Heartland Film Festival for Truly Moving Picture *MovieGuide Awards Epiphany Prize for Film|
|2008|_Twilight_|Won the Young Hollywood Award|
|2011|**'Red Riding Hood**'||

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Catherine Hardwicke
- **image**: Catherine Hardwicke & Madison.JPG
- **caption**: Hardwicke at the _Twilight_ DVD premiere on March 21, 2009
- **birthname**: Helen Catherine Hardwicke
- **birth place**: McAllen, Texas, U.S.
- **occupation**: Film director, production designer, screenwriter
- **years active**: 1986–present
Art museum

An **art museum** or **art gallery** is a museum where works of arts are shown for people to look at. These works of art are usually paintings, but they can also be sculptures, photographs or other visual art works.  Most art museums are open for the public to visit, but there are also some which are private.

What distinguishes an art museum from other galleries is that it owns the works of art. A museum has staff called "curators", who are expert on art. Art museums are often used to help teach students about the history of art. There are about 700 university art museums and galleries in the United States.

## World famous Art Museums

|Name|Country|Opened|
| --- | --- | --- |
|**British Museum**|United Kingdom|1759|
|**Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil**|Brazil|1989|
|**Metropolitan Museum of Art**|United States of America|1872|
|**Musée d’Orsay**|France|1986|
|**Museo del Prado**|Spain|1819|
|**Musée National d’Art Moderne**|France|1947|
|**Museum of Modern Art**|United States of America|1929|
|**National Art Center**|Japan|2007|
|**National Gallery**|United Kingdom|1824|
|**National Gallery of Art**|United States of America|1937|
|**Reina Sofia**|Spain|1986|
|**Rijksmuseum**|Netherlands|1800|
|**State Hermitage**|Russia|1764|
|**Shanghai Museum**|China|1952|
|**Tate Modern**|United Kingdom|2000|
|**The Louvre**|France|1793|
|**Van Gogh Museum**|Netherlands|1976|
|**Vatican Museums**|Italy|1506|
Bavarian State Opera

The **Bavarian State Opera** (in German: **Bayerische Staatsoper**) is an opera company based in Munich, Germany.  It has been in existence since 1653. Its orchestra is the **Bavarian State Orchestra**. While opera performances are held in the Prinzregententheater (completed in 1901), the company's home base is the National Theatre Munich on Max-Joseph-Platz.

Peter Jonas is the General Director.  He has been there since 1993 and is the first British director of any major German speaking Opera House. Since 1998 the conductor Zubin Mehta was music director of the Bavarian State Opera and Bavarian State Orchestra. He was followed in 2006 by Kent Nagano.

## Other websites

- Bayerische Staatsoper official website
Police Academy

***Police Academy*** is a popular movie and television series.

## Movies

- _Police Academy_ - 1984
- _Police Academy 2: Their First Assignment_ - 1985
- _Police Academy 3: Back in Training_ - 1986
- _Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol_ - 1987
- _Police Academy 5: Assignment Miami Beach_ - 1988
- _Police Academy 6: City Under Siege_ - 1989
- _Police Academy: Mission to Moscow_ - 1994
- _Police Academy 8_ - 2013

## Television series

- _Police Academy_ - 1988, 2 season, for a total of 64 episodes.
- _Police Academy - The Series_ - 1997, 26 episodes.

## Main characters

- **Carey Mahoney** (4 films; animated series)
- **Moses Hightower** (6 films; animated series; television series)
- **Eugene Tackleberry** (7 films; animated series; television series)
- **Larvell Jones** (7 films; animated series; television series)
- **Douglas Fackler** (1, 2, 3 and 6 films; animated series; television series)
- **Laverne Hooks** (6 films; animated series)
- **Debbie Callahan** (1, 3 at 7 films; animated series; television series)
- **Com. Eric Lassard** (7 films; animated series)
- **Sweetchuck** (2 at 4 films; animated series)
- **Zed** (2 at 4 films; animated series)
- **House** (4 and 5 films; animated series)
- **Capt. Thaddeus Harris** (1, 4 at 7 films; animated series)
- **Proctor** (2 at 6 films; animated series; television series)
- **Mauser** (2 and 3 films; animated series; television series)
- **Nick Lassard** (5 and 6 films)
Indian National Congress

The **Indian National Congress** (INC), also called the Congress Party, is a major Indian political party. The party was founded in 1885. It is currently in opposition against the ruling NDA coalition led by Bharatiya Janata Party. The Congress is the largest opposition party.

It is the largest constituent party of the INDIA, a coalition of Indian political parties that form the opposition against the ruling NDA coalition. The party's parliamentary chairperson is Sonia Gandhi. It had registered its worst performance in an election in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections.

In 1969, the party suffered a major split. A faction was led by Indira Gandhi, leaving to establish the Congress (R), with the remainder becoming the Congress (O). The Congress (R) became the dominant faction, winning the 1971 general election with a considerable margin. However, another split occurred in 1979, leading to the creation of the Congress (I), which was recognized as the Congress by the Electoral Commission in 1981. Under Rajiv Gandhi's leadership, the party won a massive victory in the 1984 general elections, nevertheless losing the election held in 1989 to the National Front. The Congress then returned to power under P. V. Narasimha Rao, who moved the party towards an economically liberal agenda, a sharp break from previous leaders. However, it lost the 1996 general election and was replaced in government by the National Front (then the BJP). After a record eight years out of office, the Congress-led coalition known as the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) under Manmohan Singh formed a government post-winning 2004 general elections. Subsequently, the UPA again established the government after winning the 2009 general elections, and Singh became the first Prime Minister since Nehru in 1962 to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term. However, in the 2014 general election, the Congress suffered a heavy defeat, winning only 48 seats of the 543-member Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India). In the 2019 general election, the party again suffered a heavy defeat, winning only 52 seats in the Lok Sabha. In the 2024 general election, with raising major issues against the Government, the party managed to almost double its seats to 99, and was able to secure the _Leader of Opposition_ post.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Indian National Congress

- **logo**: INC Logo.png
- **leader1 title**: President
- **leader1 name**: Mallikarjun Kharge
- **ideology**: Liberalism
Secularism
Social democracy
- **position**: Centre (politics), Centre to Centre-left politics, centre-left
- **country**: India
Pentium

**Pentium** is an x86 microprocessor, first made in 1993. It is a brand name by Intel who developed the Pentium I (1993-1999), Pentium II (1997-1999), Pentium III (1999-2003), Pentium 4 (2000-2008), Pentium M (2003-2008), Pentium D (2005-2008) and Pentium Extreme Edition (2005-2008) processors. Today, it is a low range processor in the Intel processor lineup, just above the Celeron and Atom and below the i3 in the Core family of processors.
His Dark Materials

***His Dark Materials*** is a fantasy novel series by British author, Philip Pullman.

## Books

- _Northern Lights_
- _The Subtle Knife_
- _The Amber Spyglass_
Killzone 2

***Killzone 2*** is a first-person shooter for the PlayStation 3, made by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the third game in the Killzone series that began on the PlayStation 2 with Killzone and continued on the PlayStation Portable with Killzone: Liberation. The game was first announced at E3 2005, with a technology demo on display, while the first gameplay video was shown two years later at E3 2007.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Killzone 2
- **developer**: Guerilla Games
- **publisher**: Sony Computer Entertainment
- **engine**: Havok
- **released**: February 27, 2009
- **genre**: first-person shooter, FPS
- **modes**: singleplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation 3
Velafrons

***Velafrons*** (meaning "sailed forehead") is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Mexico. Its fossils were found in the Upper Cretaceous Cerro del Pueblo Formation (about 73.5 million years old), near Rincon Colorado, Coahuila, Mexico. The type specimen is CPC-59, and the type species is _V. coahuilensis_.
Manzai

is a traditional kind of Japanese comedy. _Manzai_ is a special kind of stand-up comedy.  It is both dialogue and performance.

A comedy team brings together a straight man (_tsukkomi_) who feeds punchlines to a funny man (_boke_).  A pair of comedians with a special back-and-forth style is called _kakeai manzai_.

## History

The history of _manzai_ began in the Nara period.

In the Edo period, the traditional dialogue was performed on stage.

In modern times, _manzai_ performances are televised in Japan.

### New Year's tradition

In Japan's past, traditional _manzai_ performers would go from house to house in the New Year's season.  They would sing songs and perform good-luck dances in return for a small amount of rice or money.

## Related pages

- Xiangsheng
- Stand-up comedy

## More reading

- Davis, Jessica Milner. (2005). _Understanding Humor in Japan._  Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. ; OCLC 475380964
Arsenal tube station

**Arsenal tube station** is a London Underground station in Highbury, north London. The station is on the Piccadilly line. It is in Travelcard Zone 2. It is between Holloway Road and Finsbury Park stations. The station was originally known as **Gillespie Road**. In 1932, it was renamed after Arsenal Football Club. It is the only Tube station named after a football club directly.

## History

Gillespie Road station was opened by the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (GNP&BR) on 15 December 1906. When the different London Underground companies were joined together, the GNP&BR became the Piccadilly line. The original station building and ticket hall were designed by Leslie Green. The buildings had red terracotta on the outside. The station is similar to Holloway Road and Caledonian Road stations, also on the Piccadilly line. The station was renamed to Arsenal in 1932.

## Other websites

- London Transport Museum Photographic Archive
    - .

## Infobox (london station)

- **symbol**: underground
- **name**: Arsenal
- **image name**: Arsenal station entrance.JPG
- **caption**: Station entrance
- **locale**: Highbury, London N5
- **borough**: London Borough of Islington
- **manager**: London Underground
- **platforms**: 2
- **fare zone**: 2
- **years1**: 1906
- **years2**: 1932
- **years3**: c. 1960
- **events1**: Opened as _Gillespie Road_
- **events2**: Renamed _Arsenal (Highbury Hill)_
- **events3**: Renamed _Arsenal_
- **original**: Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway
Leadbeater's possum

**Leadbeater's possum** (_Gymnobelideus leadbeateri_) is an endangered species of Australian possum. They need food all year round, and trees with holes where they can hide during the day. They live in mixed-age wet sclerophyll forest with plenty of _Acacia_.

The possum was once thought to be extinct. It now lives only in small areas of old and mixed age mountain ash forest in the central highlands of Victoria, north-east of Melbourne.

These trees are a species of _Eucalyptus_: they give off vapour which catches fire easily. About half this area was burnt in the disastrous Black Saturday bushfire in 2009. Large areas of the forest around Marysville, Narbethong and Healesville were destroyed.
Vostok 1

***Vostok 1*** (, _East_ or _Orient_ 1) was the first flight to take a human into space. It used a Vostok 3KA spacecraft, and was launched on April 12, 1961. It took into space Yuri Gagarin, a cosmonaut from the Soviet Union. The Vostok 1 mission was the first time a person went into outer space and the first time anyone had entered into orbit. The flight made one orbit and lasted for 1 hour, 48 minutes. The Vostok 1 was launched by the Soviet space program and made by the Soviet rocket scientists Sergei Korolev and Kerim Kerimov.

The Vostok spacecraft weighed , was  long and  in diameter. The cosmonaut flew inside a spherical module. He sat on a seat which was also an ejection seat which allowed the cosmonaut to escape from the spacecraft in case of an emergency. The flight was simple, the cosmonaut was simply a passenger. There were controls for use in an emergency. The spacecraft had a food locker, radio, a cabinet with experiments inside, and two windows, one above the ejection seat and one to the right.. Gagarin ejected from the spacecraft after re-entry and landed by parachute.

There were six manned Vostok flights, the last one, Vostok 6, carried Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman to go into space on June 16, 1963.

## Infobox (spaceflight)

- **name**: Vostok 1
- **image**: Vostok spacecraft.jpg
- **image caption**: Model of the Vostok spacecraft
- **operator**: Soviet space program
- **harvard designation**: 1961 Mu 1
- **satcat**: 103
- **orbits completed**: 1
- **spacecraft**: Vostok (spacecraft), Vostok-3KA No.3
- **dimensions**: diameter
- **launch date**:  UTC
- **launch rocket**: Vostok-K 8K72K
- **launch site**: Baikonur Cosmodrome, Baikonur Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 1, 1/5

- **landing date**:  UTC
- **orbit epoch**: April 12, 1961
- **orbit reference**: geocentric orbit, Geocentric
- **orbit regime**: low Earth orbit, Low Earth
- **orbit inclination**: 64.95 degrees
- **orbit period**: 89.1 minutes
- **apsis**: gee
- **crew size**: 1
- **crew members**: Yuri Gagarin
- **crew callsign**: ( – Pinus sibirica, Siberian pine)
- **crew photo**: Gagarin in Sweden.jpg
- **crew photo caption**: Yuri Gagarin in Sweden
- **programme**: Vostok programme
<small>Manned flights</small>
- **next mission**: Vostok 2
Red Faction: Guerrilla

***Red Faction: Guerrilla*** is a third-person shooter video game made by Volition, Inc. and published by THQ, with the PC version being made by Reactor Zero. The game first came out on June 2, 2009 in North America for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. In the European countries it was released on June 5 2009 and the Microsoft Windows version will be released on August 25 2009. The game is the third game in the Red Faction series.

## Gameplay

Red Faction: Guerrilla has a third person perspective, the first two games had a first-person perspective. This was changed because Volition though that the third-person view would be better because the player would be able to see more of the environment. In Red Faction: Guerrilla, the hero, Alec Mason, can run, jump, steal vehicles, and use weapons to explore the open world of Mars and fight the EDF (Earth Defense Force).

## Reception

Red Faction: Guerrilla has gotten good reviews. The Metacritic score is 85/100. The GameSpot reviewer Randolph Ramsey gave the game a, 8.5/10. He said that the physics and the realism of the game were good, but also said that the game is repetitive and that the story was not good. IGN reviewer Charles Onyett gave the game an 8/10. He said that the game is fun, but that the storyline, graphics, and voice acting are weak.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Red Faction: Guerrilla
- **developer**: Volition (company), Volition
Reactor Zero (PC)
Kaiko Games <small>(remastered)</small>
- **publisher**: THQ
THQ Nordic <small>(remastered)</small>
- **series**: _Red Faction_
- **engine**: Geo-Mod, Geo-Mod 2.0
- **released**: **PlayStation 3**,**Xbox 360***'Microsoft Windows*****Demons of the Badlands****_Remastered_'
- **genre**: Third-person shooter
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
Glazed tile

A **glazed tile** is a tile with glaze. It is made by putting chemical glazes on the tile, let it dry, and putting it into a kiln (an oven that heats up to high temperatures). The kiln heats to about 2000 degrees turning the chemical glaze to colors. It is often framed and sold. This is a popular form of art.Glazed tiles were used to make the roof  on buildings in China.Glazed tiles were also used in the mughal castles
Enola Gay

The **Enola Gay** is a B-29 Superfortress Bomber. This plane is famous for dropping the first atomic bomb (named Little Boy) over the Japanese city of Hiroshima during World War II. The Bomber is named after its Pilot, Paul Tibbets' mother Enola Gay Tibbets. The plane was used from 18 May 1945 to 24 July 1946, after which it was stored at Suitland, Maryland.
Paul Tibbets

**Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr** (23 February 1915 – 1 November 2007) was a Brigadier general for the United States Air Force from 1937 to 1966. Paul is famous for dropping the first Atomic bomb on Hiroshima in the B-29 Superfortress called Enola Gay. He was born in Quincy, Illinois.

Tibbets died of heart failure after suffering a small stroke in Columbus, Ohio, aged 92. His remains were cremated where his ashes were later scattered across the English Channel...

## Other websites

- 509th Composite Group
- Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima
- BBC News item announcing Tibbets' death
- In pictures: Paul Tibbets
- Obituary, _The Daily Telegraph_, November 2, 2007
- Obituary, _The Guardian_, November 2, 2007
- Obituary, _The Times_, November 2, 2007
- "Hiroshima; Enola Gay's Crew Recalls The Flight Into a New Era", _New York Times_, August 6, 1995
Phil Jackson

**Phil Jackson** (born September 17, 1945) is a coach in the NBA. He has won eleven championships as coach in the NBA, six with the Chicago Bulls and five with the Los Angeles Lakers. With his 10th championship, Phil Jackson surpassed Red Auerbach, who won 9 championships before 1966. Jackson was named one of the 10 greatest coaches in league history. As of March 4, 2010, Phil Jackson has the highest winning percentage in regular season games of any coach in NBA history who coached at least 500 games.  Before he was a coach, Jackson was a player for the New York Knicks and the New Jersey Nets.  Jackson is from Montana. Jackson retired from coaching in 2011 and joined the Knicks as an executive in March 2014. He was dismissed as the Knicks' team president on June 28, 2017.
Kennel cough

**Kennel cough** or **tracheobronchitis** is a very easily caught dog illness. The dogs have swelling and pain  of the upper breathing passages.  It can be caused by viral infections such as canine distemper, canine adenovirus, canine parainfluenza virus, or canine respiratory coronavirus, or bacterial infections such as _Bordetella bronchiseptica_.  It is called kennel cough because the infection can spread very quickly among dogs, who live together as in a kennel or an animal shelter.

## Infection

Both viral and bacterial causes of kennel cough are spread through the air by infected dogs sneezing and coughing.  It can also be spread through contact with things that have the bacteria or virus on them.  It can still be spread days or weeks after symptoms disappear.  Symptoms  usually begin about 3 to 5 days after the dog is around the infected animal or object.  The disease can turn into pneumonia.

## Symptoms

Symptoms can include a harsh, dry coughing, retching, sneezing, snorting (noise made with the nose), gagging or vomiting in response to light pressing of the trachea or after excitement or exercise.  The symptoms are caused by the inflammation of the airways.  It can increase after excitement or exercise because of the quick breathing that takes place which causes the nerves of airway to become more stimulated.  A fever is not always present.  The disease can last 10–20 days and can come back when the dog is put into a stressful situation which puts stress on the dog's immune system.  Medical diagnosis is made by seeing these symptoms, having a history of exposure is also helpful but not always found as kennel cough is easily spread through contact with the ground, toys, sidewalks, dog parks.

## Treatment and prevention

Antibiotics are given to treat any bacterial infection present.  Cough suppressants are used if the cough is not productive (nothing is being coughed up).  The usual outcome is good.  Prevention is by vaccinating for canine adenovirus, distemper, parainfluenza, and _Bordetella_.  In kennels, the best prevention is to keep all the cages clean.  Most kennels will not board dogs without proof of vaccination.

## Related pages

- Bronchitis

## Other websites

- Kennel Cough Home Remedy
- _Kennel Cough_ from The Pet Health Library
- Merck Veterinary Manual Entry on Kennel Cough
- Kennel Cough
Pierre Schaeffer

**Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer** (14 August 1910 – 19 August 1995) was a French musician and other things, like an inventor and engineer, and more. He was born in Nancy. He created a kind of music called musique concrète (which in the French speak means "concrete music"). This music was different from regular music, and had many sounds from things in the real world.

Schaeffer died of Alzheimer's disease in Aix-en-Provence.
Area 51

**Area 51** is a military base, and a remote detachment of Edwards Air Force Base.  Conspiracy theorists claim that extraterrestrial entities inhabit Area 51. There is no evidence for these claims.

## Location

Area 51 is in the southern part of Nevada in the western United States. It is 83 miles (133 km) north-northwest of downtown Las Vegas. At its center, on the southern shore of Groom Lake, is a large military airfield. The base's primary purpose is to develop and test experimental aircraft and weapons systems.

The base is in the United States Air Force's Nevada Test and Training Range NTTR, formerly called the Nellis Air Force Range NAFR. The facilities at the range are managed by the 99th Air Base Wing at Nellis Air Force Base. However, the Groom facility appears to be run as an adjunct of the Air Force Flight Test Center AFFTC at Edwards Air Force Base in the Mojave Desert, around 186 miles (300 km) southwest of Groom. As a result, the base is known as Air Force Flight Test Center Detachment 3.

Though the name Area 51 is used in official Central Intelligence Agency documentation, other names used for the facility include “Dreamland”, “Paradise Ranch”, “Home Base”, “Watertown Strip”, “Groom Lake”, and most recently “Homey Airport”. The area is part of the Nellis Military Operations Area, and the restricted airspace around the field is referred to as R- 4808N, known by the military pilots in the area as "The Box" or "the Container ".

## Uses

The facility is not a conventional airbase, as frontline operational units are not normally deployed there. It instead appears to be used for highly classified military/defense Special Access Programs. These are programs that are kept secret by the government, military personnel, and defense contractors. Its mission may be to develop, test, and train new aircraft weapons systems or research projects. Once these projects have been approved by the United States Air Force or other agencies such as the CIA, and are ready to be announced to the public, operations of aircraft are then moved to a regular air force base.

## Secrecy

There was intense secrecy surrounding the base. The U.S. government did not acknowledge its existence until July 14, 2003. Because of this secrecy, Area 51 became a frequent subject of fiction, conspiracy theories, and unidentified flying object (UFO) folklore. Testing the U-2 plane in the 1950s – at altitudes much higher than commercial aircraft then flew – provoked "a tremendous increase in reports of unidentified flying objects (UFOs)".

In 2016, presidential candidate Hillary Clinton said she would release information about Area 51, as long as it did not threaten national security.

In July 2019, more than 1,700,000 people responded to a joke proposal to storm Area 51 which appeared in an anonymous Facebook post. A further 1,300,000 people said they were interested in the event, scheduled for 20 September 2019, and billed as "Storm Area 51, They Can't Stop All of Us", an attempt to "see them aliens."
Ding Liren

**Ding Liren** (born 24 October 1992) is a Chinese chess grandmaster. He is the 17th undisputed World Chess Champion, defeating Ian Nepomniachtchi in the 2023 World Chess Championship to achieve the title. He attempted to defend the title in 2024, but lost to Gukesh Dommaraju.

## Early Life

Ding Liren was born in Wenzhou, a city in Zhejiang Province, China. He quickly became one of China’s best young players.

At the age of 4, Ding’s mother took him to a chess club, where Ding learned how to play chess.

In November 2003 and 2004, Ding tied for first place in the U-10 and U-12 World Youth Championship.

## Chess Career

Ding became a Grandmaster in 2009, at the age of 16. That same year, he won the Chinese Chess Championship, becoming the youngest player to ever do so. He later won the national title again in 2011 and 2012.

He became famous internationally for going on a 100-game unbeaten streak in classical chess from 2017 to 2018, which was a world record at the time, only being beaten by Magnus Carlsen in 2019.

In 2023, Ding Liren became the World Chess Champion. He won the title by defeating Ian Nepomniachtchi in a tiebreak match at the 2023 World Championship in Astana, Kazakhstan. This match happened because Magnus Carlsen, the reigning champion, decided not to defend his title.

Ding has also played in the Candidates Tournament, which selects who will play for the world title. In 2022, he finished second in the tournament, but entered the World Championship after Carlsen withdrew.

## Infobox (chinese)

- **child**: yes
- **c**: 丁立人
- **p**: Dīng Lìrén


## Infobox (chess player)

- **name**: Ding Liren
- **image**: DingLiren24a.jpg
- **caption**: Ding in 2024
- **country**: China
- **birth place**: Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster (2009)
- **worldchampion**: 2023–2024
- **peakrating**: 2816 (November 2018)
- **ranking**: No. 1 (April 2023)
- **peakranking**: No. 2 (November 2021)
- **fideid**: 8603677
Danish Kaneria

**Danish Prabha Shanker Kaneria** (born 16 December 1980) is a Pakistani cricketer. He was born in Karachi and made his first cricket entrance in 2000 against England in Faisalabad. He is generally a leg spin bowler and is famous for his googlies.

His best bowling figures are getting 7 wickets for 77 runs against Bangladesh. Kaneria was born into a Gujarati family of Marwari origin.

On June 22, 2012 Kaneria was banned for life from any involvement in the playing, organisation or administration of any cricket under the jurisdiction of the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB). Kaneria was found guilty of two charges of spot fixing.
Ethelbert Nevin

**Ethelbert Woodbridge Nevin** (born near Pittsburgh, November 25, 1862; died in New Haven, Connecticut, February 17, 1901) was an American pianist and composer.  He is remembered for a small number of romantic songs and piano pieces which became extremely popular in the early 20th century.

## Life

Nevin was born  in 1862, at Vineacre, on the river Ohio, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  He grew up there.  His father was a newspaper editor and he taught the young boy most subjects.  His mother played the piano.  The family bought a grand piano, which was the first grand piano ever to be taken across the Allegheny Mountains.

Ethelbert showed musical promise when he was very young.  His brother and cousins were also musical.  When he was four he was playing the piano with cushions on the floor so that he could reach the pedals.  His father took him to Dresden for two years to study music.  He also studied in Pittsburgh and in Boston.

He started his career giving piano lessons.  When he had earned enough money he went to Berlin where he had lessons from Karl Klindworth, who was a good teacher for him.  He showed Nevin how important it was to have a good general knowledge, and not just to spend hours and hours practising the piano.  This helped Nevin, who had good tastes in literature and he chose some good poems to make into songs.

In 1885 he was invited to join a group who had lessons from  Hans von Bülow.  He played works by of Brahms, Liszt, and Raff. Cosima Wagner and Joseph Joachim often came to the concerts given by this group.

In 1887 he went back to America and lived in Boston, where he taught and played in some concerts.  He asked Richard Strauss to teach him composition but Strauss did not accept him.

In 1892 he went to Paris, where he taught singing, and helped many American and French opera singers to learn their parts for singing in operas.   He worked very hard and his health got bad.  He spent his last years in several European places and then he went back to America.  He died in 1901.

## His music

Nevin's music is romantic, and sometimes rather sentimental for modern tastes.  His best known piece is "Narcissus" from _Water Scenes_.  These pieces were used by the dancer Isadora Duncan to dance to.  He also wrote a famous song called "The Rosary" and "Mighty Lak' a Rose".

Nevin was pictured on a 1940 ten cent U.S. postage stamp.

## Bibliography

- New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980,

## Other websites

- online book
Bahía Lomas

**Bahía Lomas** is a protected wetland area in Chile. It was declared as a legal measure of protecting the site, which is expected to be nominated as a Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve under the RAMSAR Convention.

## Other websites

- Complete List Ramsar Wetlands
- Gallery
- RAMSAR Chile
Destroy All Humans! Path of the Furon

***Destroy All Humans! Path of the Furon*** is the 4th Destroy All Humans! in the series first released December 1, 2008 in North America for the Xbox 360. The game is made by THQ's Sandblast Games studio for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3.

## Gameplay

Destroy All Humans! Path of the Furon has around 30 story missions, 20 side quests, and multiplayer modes. As with previous games in the series, most story missions can be played in any order. Creative director Jon Knoles said that the side quests would have something to do with the story.

The player plays as Crypto, an alien. He can shoot humans, use the jet pack, and use Psychokinesis at the same time. There are now flying enemies, like helicopters and Nexo UFO's that can attack Crypto while he is in his UFO. Buildings can be destroyed and scarred in different ways when attacked with different weapons. The game has a new alert scheme with police, SWAT, military awareness, and Nexo alert. Electricity goes through power lines when damage is caused to them. The player can exit and enter some buildings during some missions.

## Reception

The game was given 34/100 by the site Metacritic.

## Infobox (vg)

- **title**: Destroy All Humans! Path of the Furon
- **developer**: Sandblast Games
- **publisher**: THQ
- **released**: North America: December 1, 2008
Europe: February 13, 2009
- **genre**: Third-person shooter
- **modes**: Singleplayer, Multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
The Simpsons: Hit & Run

***The Simpsons: Hit & Run*** is an action-adventure video game based on the animated sitcom (comedy TV show) _The Simpsons_. It was released for the Nintendo GameCube, Xbox, PlayStation 2, and Windows in the United States on September 16, 2003 and in Europe on October 31, 2003. The game was developed or made by Radical Entertainment and published or was put out to be sold by Vivendi Universal. To make the game harder and more fun, the story and dialogue were written by the writers of the TV show. The voices were supplied by the cast of _The Simpsons_.

The game follows the Simpson family and the people who live in Springfield, who see many strange things that happen in their town. When the Simpsons themselves decide to find out what is going on, they find out that aliens Kang and Kodos are filming a reality television series about the city. To make the show more interesting, the aliens release Buzz Cola, a soda that makes people go crazy, into Springfield's water supply. With help from Professor Frink, Homer is able to  destroy the aliens' spaceship, and Springfield and its people are returned to normal.

The game received mostly positive, or good reviews from video game critics. Praise was given mostly on how much the game is was like the show and its funny take on the _Grand Theft Auto III_ video game. The game received the award for Fave Video Game at the 2004 Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Awards. More than three million copies of the game were sold as of June 2007.

## Gameplay

_Hit & Run_ has seven levels, each with missions and a unique plot. The player can only move, or control one certain character in each level. The game's playable characters are Homer Simpson, Bart Simpson, Lisa Simpson, Marge Simpson, and Apu Nahasapeemapetilon. When walking, the playing character can walk, run, and perform many attacks: a normal kick, a jumping kick, and a smashing move. To drive, the player can either drive one of the many vehicles that are on the road, a feature taken from _Grand Theft Auto III_, or use a phone booth to choose a car. The game's driving missions are also similar to those of _Grand Theft Auto 3_. In both games, the player races against other characters, gets items before a timer runs out, and wrecks other cars.

## References

**Notes**

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: The Simpsons: Hit & Run
- **developer**: Radical Entertainment
- **publisher**: Vivendi Games, Vivendi Universal Games
- **released**: **GameCube**, **PlayStation 2** & **Xbox**
**Microsoft Windows**

- **genre**: Action-adventure game, Action-adventure, Racing video game, racing, Grand Theft Auto clone
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
- **producer**: Vlad Ceraldi
Brandy

**Brandy** is a type of alcoholic beverage. It has about 36%-60% alcohol (60-120 proof). It is from a distillation of fermented fruit juices or fruit mash. The color is amber/brown. It has a sweet flavor. It is normally an after dinner drink.

## Labelling of grades

Brandy has a traditional age grading system, although its use is unregulated outside of Cognac and Armagnac. These indicators can usually be found on the label near the brand name:

- **V.S.** ("very special") or ✯✯✯ (three stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy has been stored for at least two years in a cask.
- **V.S.O.P.** ("very superior old pale"), **Reserve** or ✯✯✯✯✯ (five stars) designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least four years in a cask.
- **XO** ("extra old") or **Napoléon** designates a blend in which the youngest brandy is stored for at least six years.
- **Hors d'âge** ("beyond age") is a designation which is formally equal to XO for Cognac, but for Armagnac designates brandy that is at least ten years old. In practice the term is used by producers to market a high-quality product beyond the official age scale.

## Related pages

- Regency (brandy)
NASDAQ

**NASDAQ** is a stock exchange in New York City. It stands for **National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations**. About 3,800 companies trade on it. It is owned by a company called Nasdaq, Inc.

NASDAQ was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD).

In 2023 it bought the financial software company Adenza, for $10.5 billion.

NASDAQ is a financial services corporation.
Internet Engineering Task Force

The **Internet Engineering Task Force**, or **IETF**, is the main organization that researches and promotes new Internet standards. It is an open volunteer organization.

A **Request for Comments**, or **RFC**, is a document from the IETF. These are divided into several categories: Informational, Historical, and Standard-track. Only Standard-track are Internet Standards.
Iranian Arabs

The **Iranian Arabs** ( ;  ) are the citizens of Iran who are ethnically Arab and who speak Arabic as their native mother tongue. In 2008, their population stood at about 1.6 million people. They are primarily concentrated in the Khuzestan province.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Iranian Arabs
- **native name**:

- **total**: 1.3–2.1 million
- **total year**: 2014
- **total source**: estimate
- **popplace**: Khuzestan province, Khuzestan, Khorasan province, Khorasan, Hormozgan province, Hormozgan, Bushehr province, Bushehr, Qom province, Qom
- **langs**: Arabic (Khuzestani Arabic, Khuzestani, Khorasani Arabic, Khorasani, Gulf Arabic, Gulf, South Mesopotamian Arabic, South Mesopotamian), Persian language, Persian
- **rels**: Mostly Twelver Shi'a Islam
- **related**: Other Arabs (Huwala, Marsh Arabs, Arab-Persians, Iraqi people, Iraqis, Kuwaiti people, Kuwaitis, Baharna, Bahranis)