May 3

### Up to 1900

- 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the Greek island of Rhodes, killing an estimated 30,000 people.
- 1491 – Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptized by Portuguese missionaries.
- 1494 – Christopher Columbus arrives in Jamaica, naming the island Santiago.
- 1715 – A total solar eclipse is visible across Northern Europe and Northern Asia, with totality across southern England being predicted by Edmond Halley to within four minutes of accuracy.
- 1791 – Poland's first constitution is introduced. May 3 is still celebrated as Constitution Day in Poland, as well as in neighboring Lithuania.
- 1802 – Washington, DC is incorporated as a city.
- 1808 – Rebels in Madrid, who rose up on the previous day, against French rule, are executed.
- 1808 – Finnish War: Sweden loses the fortress of Sveaborg to Russia.
- 1815 – Neapolitan War: Joachim Murat, King of Naples, is defeated by the Austrians at the Battle of Tolentino, the decisive engagement of the war.
- 1830 – The Canterbury–Whitstable Railway in Southern England is opened. It is the first steam–hauled passenger railway to issue season tickets and include a tunnel.
- 1837 – The University of Athens, Greece, is founded.
- 1849 – The May uprising begins in Dresden.
- 1855 – The adventurer William Walker departs from San Francisco with around 60 men in an attempt to conquer Nicaragua.
- 1860 – King Charles XV of Sweden-Norway is crowned.
- 1867 – Hudson's Bay Company gives up all claims to Vancouver Island.
- 1887 – Canada's worst mining disaster occurs in Nanaimo, on Vancouver Island. 150 people are killed, and 7 survive.

### 1901 – 2000

- 1901 – The Great Fire of 1901 begins in Jacksonville, Florida.
- 1909 – Germany introduces driver's licences.
- 1913 – _Raja Harishchandra_, the first full–length Indian feature movie, is released, marking the start of the Indian movie industry.
- 1915 – The poem In Flanders Fields is written by John McCrae.
- 1916 – In Ireland, the leaders of the Easter Uprising are executed.
- 1920 – A Bolshevik coup fails in Georgia.
- 1934 – The French navy introduces _Surcouf_, which was the largest submarine at the time.
- 1936 – Joe DiMaggio makes his Major League Baseball debut, for the New York Yankees.
- 1937 – Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone With the Wind wins the Pulitzer Prize for fiction.
- 1939 – The All India Forward Bloc is founded by Subhas Chandra Bose.
- 1945 – World War II: Sinking of the prison ships _Cap Arcona_, _Thielbeck_ and _Deutschland_ by the Royal Air Force in Lubeck Bay.
- 1947 – Japan's new post–war constitution goes into effect.
- 1951 – George VI of the United Kingdom opens the Festival of Britain. London's Royal Festival Hall opens on the same day.
- 1952 – Lieutenant Colonels Joseph O. Fletcher and William P. Benedict of the US land a plane at the North Pole.
- 1952 – The Kentucky Derby horse race is shown on television throughout the US for the first time.
- 1956 – The first World Championships in judo take place in Tokyo.
- 1960 – In Amsterdam, the Netherlands the Anne Frank House is opened to the public.
- 1960 – Off–Broadway musical comedy _The Fantasticks_ opens in New York City's Greenwich Village.
- 1973 – The Sears Tower in Chicago is completed.
- 1978 – The first Spam email is sent by a Digital Equipment Corporation marketing representative to every ARPANET address on the west coast of the United States.
- 1979 – Margaret Thatcher is elected Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, becoming the first female British Prime Minister.
- 1986 – A bomb explodes on an airliner at Colombo's airport in Sri Lanka, killing 21 people, and injuring 41.
- 1999 – The southwestern portion of Oklahoma City is devastated by a Force–5 tornado, killing 45 people and injuring 665.

### From 2001

- 2001 – For the first time, the United States loses its seat on the United Nations Human Rights Commission.
- 2002 – A military MiG–21 aircraft crashes into the Bank of Rajasthan, in Northwest India, killing 8 people.
- 2003 – New Hampshire's Old Man of the Mountain rock feature collapses.
- 2006 – While landing in Sochi, Southern Russia, an Airbus A320–200 of Armenian airline Armavia crashes into the Black Sea, killing all 113 people on board.
- 2007 – The Scottish National Party, under Alex Salmond, narrowly wins in the election to the Scottish Parliament.
- 2007 – Madeleine McCann gets abducted from an apartment in Praia da Luz, Portugal.
- 2008 – Cyclone Nargis devastates Burma, killing thousands of people, and causing widespread flooding in the Irrawaddy River Delta.
- 2014 – The Black Forest National Park is officially opened.
- 2018 – Dust storms in Rajasthan an Uttar Pradesh, India, kill at least 100 people.
- 2019 – The number of deaths in the South Kivu Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is estimated at 1,000, making it the second–deadliest outbreak of the disease.
- 2019 – Cyclone Fani hits the state of Odisha on the east coast of India.

### Up to 1800

- 612 – Constantine III, Byzantine Emperor (d. 641)
- 1415 – Cecily Neville, mother of Edward IV and Richard III of England (d. 1495)
- 1428 – Pedro Gonzalez de Mendoza, Spanish cardinal and statesman (d. 1495)
- 1446 – Margaret of York (d. 1503)
- 1455 – King John I of Portugal (d. 1495)
- 1460 – Raffaele Riario, Italian cardinal and patron of the arts (d. 1521)
- 1469 – Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian philosopher (d. 1527)
- 1678 – Amaro Pargo, Spanish pirate (d. 1747)
- 1695 – Henri Pitot, Italian–born French engineer (d. 1771)
- 1713 – Alexis Clairaut, French mathematician (d. 1765)
- 1729 – Florian Leopold Gassmann, German–Bohemian composer (d. 1774)
- 1761 – August von Kotzebue, German dramatist (d. 1819)
- 1764 – Princess Elisabeth of France (d. 1794)
- 1768 – Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist (d. 1838)
- 1768 – Agustín Eyzaguirre, acting President of Chile (d. 1838)
- 1773 – Giuseppe Acerbi, Italian naturalist (d. 1846)
- 1784 – Henry Hubbard, Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1857)

### 1801 – 1900

- 1814 – Adams George Archibald, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1892)
- 1826 – King Charles XV of Sweden (d. 1872)
- 1841 – Richard D'Oyly Carte, English talent agent, impresario and composer (d. 1901)
- 1849 – Bertha Benz, German automobile pioneer (d. 1944)
- 1849 – Bernhard von Buelow, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1929)
- 1860 – John Scott Haldane, British physiologist (d. 1936)
- 1860 – Vito Volterra, Italian mathematician and physicist (d. 1940)
- 1861 – Emmett Dalton, American outlaw (d. 1937)
- 1870 – Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (d. 1948)
- 1872 – Simun av Skardi, Faroese poet and politician (d. 1942)
- 1873 – Pavlo Skoropadskyi, German–Ukrainian general and politician (d. 1945)
- 1874 – François Coty, French perfume manufacturer (d. 1934)
- 1877 – Karl Abraham, German psychoanalyst (d. 1925)
- 1879 – Fergus McMaster, Australian businessman and soldier, co–founder of Qantas (d. 1950)
- 1879 – Clyde L. Herring, American politician, 26th Governor of Iowa (d. 1945)
- 1884 – Willie Reid, Scottish footballer (d. 1966)
- 1886 – Marcel Dupré, French organist and composer (d. 1971)
- 1891 – Tadeusz Peiper, Polish poet (d. 1969)
- 1892 – George Paget Thomson, English physicist (d. 1975)
- 1893 – Konstantine Gamsakhurdia, Georgian writer (d. 1975)
- 1895 – Cornelius Van Til, Dutch theologian and philosopher (d. 1987)
- 1895 – Gabriel Chevallier, French journalist and writer (d. 1969)
- 1895 – Bettina Encke von Arnim, German painter (d. 1971)
- 1896 – Dodie Smith, English novelist and playwright (d. 1990)
- 1898 – Golda Meir, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1978)

### 1901 – 1950

- 1901 – Gino Cervi, Italian actor (d. 1974)
- 1901 – Ebbe Schwartz, Danish football official, President of UEFA (d. 1964)
- 1902 – Alfred Kastler, French physicist (d. 1984)
- 1903 – Bing Crosby, American singer and actor (d. 1977)
- 1905 – Werner Fenchel, German mathematician (d. 1988)
- 1906 – Mary Astor, American actress (d. 1987)
- 1909 – John A. Notte, Jr., American politician, Governor of Rhode Island (d. 1983)
- 1910 – Norman Corwin, American radio presenter (d. 2011)
- 1914 – Georges-Emmanuel Clancier, French poet
- 1917 – Kiro Gligorov, former President of the Republic of Macedonia (d. 2012)
- 1919 – Pete Seeger, American musician (d. 2014)
- 1920 – John Lewis, American jazz pianist, composer and arranger (d. 2001)
- 1921 – Sugar Ray Robinson, American boxer (d. 1989)
- 1922 – Len Shackleton, English footballer (d. 2000)
- 1923 – George Hadjinikos, Greek pianist, conductor, teacher and writer
- 1924 – Ken Tyrrell, English racing driver (d. 2001)
- 1926 – Ann B. Davis, American actress (d. 2014)
- 1927 – Clelio Darida, Italian politician, Mayor of Rome (d. 2017)
- 1928 – Jacques-Louis Lions, French mathematician (d. 2001)
- 1928 – Carel Visser, Dutch artist (d. 2015)
- 1930 – Juan Gelman, Argentine writer and poet (d. 2014)
- 1931 – Aldo Rossi, Italian architect and designer (d. 1997)
- 1933 – James Brown, American singer (d. 2006)
- 1933 – Steven Weinberg, American physicist
- 1934 – Henry Cooper, British boxer (d. 2011)
- 1934 – Frankie Valli, American singer
- 1934 – Georges Moustaki, French singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
- 1937 – Hans Cieslarczyk, German footballer
- 1938 – Lindsay Kemp, English actor, dancer and choreographer (d. 2018)
- 1941 – Nona Gaprindashvili, Georgian chess player
- 1941 – Edward Malloy, American educator
- 1942 – Butch Otter, American politician, 32nd Governor of Idaho
- 1943 – Jim Risch, American lawyer and politician, 31st Governor of Idaho
- 1945 – Jeffrey C. Hall, American geneticist, 2017 joint–Nobel laureate
- 1946 – Rabah Saadane, Algerian footballer and coach
- 1947 – Doug Henning, Canadian magician (d. 2000)
- 1948 – Peter Oosterhius, English golfer
- 1949 – Ken Hom, Chinese–American chef

### 1951 – 1975

- 1951 – Jan Bielecki, Polish politician
- 1951 – Tatyana Tolstaya, Russian writer
- 1951 – Christopher Cross, American singer-songwriter, musician and producer
- 1951 – Ashok Gehlot, Indian politician, 21st Chief Minister of Rajasthan
- 1952 – Chuck Baldwin, American politician, pastor and radio host
- 1952 – Allan Wells, Scottish runner
- 1956 – Marc Bellemare, French–Canadian lawyer and politician
- 1958 – Sandi Toksvig, Danish writer and broadcaster
- 1959 – Ben Elton, English comedian and writer
- 1959 – David Ball, English keyboardist and producer (Soft Cell)
- 1960 – Kathy Smallwood-Cook, English athlete
- 1961 – Steve McClaren, English football manager
- 1963 – Mona Siddiqui, Pakistani–born British academic and journalist
- 1964 – Ron Hextall, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1964 – Sterling Campbell, American drummer and songwriter
- 1965 – Rob Brydon, Welsh comedian, actor and presenter
- 1965 – Ignatius Aphrem I, Syrian patriarch
- 1965 – Mikhail Prokhorov, Russian multibillionaire and politician
- 1966 – Darren Morgan, Welsh snooker player
- 1970 – Bobby Cannavale, American actor
- 1970 – Suzi Perry, English model, columnist and motor racing presenter
- 1971 – Douglas Carswell, English politician, first UKIP MP
- 1972 – Stephen Barclay, English politician
- 1973 – Rea Garvey, Irish–German singer
- 1974 – Jukka Hentunen, Finnish ice hockey player
- 1975 – Christina Hendricks, American actress

### From 1976

- 1976 – Beto, Portuguese footballer
- 1976 – Alexander Gerst, German geophysicist, volcanologist and astronaut
- 1977 – Mashima Hiro, Japanese manga artist
- 1977 – Ben Olsen, American soccer player
- 1977 – Maryam Mirzakhani, Iranian mathematician (d. 2017)
- 1978 – Dulé Hill, American actor and tap dancer
- 1978 – Autumn Phillips, Canadian–born member of the extended British Royal Family
- 1978 – Paul Banks, English–born musician
- 1978 – Lawrence Tynes, Scottish American football player
- 1979 – Simone Hauswald, German biathlete
- 1979 – Genevieve Nnaji, Nigerian actress and singer
- 1980 – Jaycee Lee Dugard, American kidnap victim
- 1981 – Farrah Franklin, American actress and singer
- 1981 – U-Nee, South Korean singer, dancer and actress (d. 2007)
- 1981 – Benoit Cheyrou, French footballer
- 1983 – Márton Fülöp, Hungarian footballer (d. 2014)
- 1983 – Laava, Brazilian singer
- 1983 – Joseph Addai, American Football player
- 1983 – Myriam Fares, Lebanese singer and entertainer
- 1984 – Cheryl Burke, American dancer
- 1985 – Ezequiel Lavezzi, Argentine footballer
- 1985 – Meagan Tandy, American model and actress
- 1987 – Lina Grincikaite, Lithuanian sprinter
- 1987 – Joey Montana, Panamanian singer
- 1989 – Selah Sue, Belgian singer
- 1990 – Miranda Chartrand, Canadian–English singer
- 1990 – Brooks Koepka, American golfer
- 1996 – Alex Iwobi, Nigerian footballer
- 1996 – Noah Munck, American actor and musician
- 1996 – Domantas Sabonis, Lithuanian basketball player

### Up to 1900

- 1152 – Matilda of Boulogne (b. 1105)
- 1160 – Peter Lombard, Italian scholar and bishop (b. 1100)
- 1270 – Bela IV of Hungary (b. 1206)
- 1294 – John I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1252)
- 1481 – Mehmed II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1432)
- 1598 – Anna Guarini, Italian singer (b. 1563)
- 1616 – William Shakespeare, English writer and playwright (b. 1564), April 23 in Julian calendar
- 1704 – Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Bohemian composer (b. 1644)
- 1724 – John Leverett the Younger, American lawyer, politician and educator (b. 1662)
- 1752 – Samuel Ogle, English–American politician (b. 1692)
- 1758 – Pope Benedict XIV (b. 1675)
- 1764 – Francesco Algarotti, Italian philosopher (b. 1712)
- 1779 – John Winthrop, American mathematician, physicist and astronomer (b. 1714)
- 1839 – Ferdinando Paer, Italian composer (b. 1771)
- 1856 – Adolphe Adam, French composer and critic (b. 1803)
- 1886 – Alexander Karadordevic, Prince of Serbia (b. 1806)

### 1901 – 2000

- 1910 – John Lourie Beveridge, 17th Governor of Illinois (b. 1824)
- 1916 – Tom Clarke, Irish nationalist (b. 1858)
- 1916 – Thomas MacDonagh, Irish nationalist (b. 1878)
- 1916 – Patrick Pearse, Irish nationalist and poet (b. 1879)
- 1932 – Charles Fort, American author (b. 1874)
- 1938 – Percy Funivall, English cyclist (b. 1867)
- 1939 – Madeleine Desroseaux, French poet and novelist (b. 1873)
- 1942 – Thorvald Stauning, Prime Minister of Denmark (b. 1873)
- 1943 – Harry Miller, American engineer (b. 1875)
- 1948 – Ernst Tandefelt, Finnish nobleman (b. 1876)
- 1961 – Maurice Merleau-Ponty, French philosopher (b. 1908)
- 1969 – Zakir Hussain, 3rd President of India (b. 1897)
- 1970 – Cemil Gürgen Erlertürk, Turkish footballer (b. 1918)
- 1972 – Emil Breitkreuz, American middle–distance runner (b. 1883)
- 1972 – Bruce Cabot, American actor (b. 1904)
- 1976 – Ernie Nevers, American football player (b. 1903)
- 1987 – Dalida, French singer (b. 1933)
- 1988 – Lev Semenovich Pontryagin, Russian mathematician (b. 1908)
- 1989 – Christine Jorgensen, American trans woman (b. 1926)
- 1991 – Jerzy Kosinski, Polish writer (b. 1933)
- 1996 – Jack Weston, American actor (b. 1924)
- 1997 – Narciso Yepes, Spanish guitarist (b. 1927)

### From 2001

- 2002 – Barbara Castle, British politician (b. 1910)
- 2006 – Karel Appel, Dutch painter (b. 1925)
- 2006 – Earl Woods, father of Tiger Woods (b. 1932)
- 2007 – Wally Schirra, American astronaut (b. 1923)
- 2008 – Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1926)
- 2010 – Florencio Campomanes, Filipino chess player and official (b. 1927)
- 2010 – Guenter Wendt, German–American NASA engineer (b. 1923)
- 2011 – Jackie Cooper, American actor (b. 1922)
- 2011 – Robert Brout, Belgian physicist (b. 1928)
- 2012 – Jorge Illueca, former President of Panama (b. 1918)
- 2012 – Lloyd Brevett, Jamaican musician (b. 1931)
- 2013 – Cedric Brooks, Jamaican–American saxophonist (b. 1943)
- 2014 – Gary Becker, American economist (b. 1930)
- 2014 – Jim Oberstar, American politician (b. 1934)
- 2015 – Abdul Wahid Aresar, Pakistani politician (b. 1949)
- 2015 – Danny Jones, Welsh rugby league player (b. 1986)
- 2015 – Revaz Chkheidze, Georgian film director (b. 1926)
- 2015 – Abdul Basit Usman, Filipino fugitive (b. 1974)
- 2015 – Harry Martin, American judge (b. 1920)
- 2015 – John Elders, English rugby union player (b. 1930)
- 2016 – Ian Deans, Scottish–Canadian politician (b. 1937)
- 2016 – Abel Fernandez, American actor (b. 1930)
- 2016 – Marianne Gaba, American model and actress (b. 1939)
- 2016 – Kaname Harada, Japanese World War II flying ace and anti–war activist (b. 1916)
- 2016 – Karol Machata, Slovakian actor (b. 1928)
- 2016 – Nicolas Noxon, American filmmaker (b. 1936)
- 2016 – Janusz Tazbir, Polish historian (b. 1927)
- 2017 – Mishaal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi prince and politician (b. 1926)
- 2017 – Lukas Ammann, Swiss actor (b. 1912)
- 2017 – Daliah Lavi, Israeli actress, singer and politician (b. 1942)
- 2017 – Abbas Abdullahi Sheikh Siraji, Somali politician (b. 1985)
- 2017 – Yumeji Tsukioka, Japanese actress (b. 1921)
- 2018 – Doina Cornea, Romanian activist (b. 1929)
- 2018 – Afonso Dhlakama, Mozambican politician (b. 1953)
- 2019 – Frits Soetekouw, Dutch footballer (b. 1938)
- 2019 – Goro Shimura, Japanese mathematician (b. 1930)

## Observances

- Saints Philip and James, Apostles
- Constitution Day in Poland and Lithuania
- Constitution Memorial Day in Japan
- World Press Freedom Day