juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Izumi Kato (artist)

is a Japanese contemporary artist, painter, and sculptor. He was born in 1969 in Shimane, Japan.

## Career

Katō was born in Shimane Prefecture. He went to Musashino Art University and graduated from the Department of Oil Painting in 1992.

He was inspired by Francis Bacon, Vincent van Gogh, and Itō Jakuchū, and most of Katō's art is about the meaning of life. Some of his art is made to look like embryos or fetuses. He first became known in 1995 because some of his works were shown at Tokyo group exhibitions. Then, he tried getting more popular internationally by starting sculpting around 2004. Katō's sculptures would be shown at Art Tower Mito's contemporary art gallery, then the Japan Society Gallery's exhibit in New York City in 2005, and he'd become the first young Japanese artist to be invited to the 52nd Venice Biennale in 2007.

is a painted wood sculpture. Now, it is owned by the Takahashi Ryutaro Collection. The sculpture looks like a baby-like creature standing at a wall with its large head turned to the side.

On the internet, Keisuke Yamamoto's photograph of the sculpture was used with the "**SCP-173**" story of the SCP Foundation. Kato responded to the SCP Foundation in 2014. He let the SCP Foundation use the image as long as he is credited and the work is not used for commercial purposes or business. In 2022, the SCP Foundation removed the photograph to avoid legal issues because the image broke their Creative Commons license. The creator of the SCP-173 story asked that the image not be replaced to let people see "SCP-173" for themselves.

## Personal life

Kato met a woman named Naoko Kameyama, who was also a young artist. They ended up getting married and had children.

## Other websites

- Izumi Kato

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Izumi Katō
- **birth place**: Shimane Prefecture, Shimane, Japan
- **alma mater**: Musashino Art University
- **known for**: Contemporary art
- **notable works**: "Untitled 2004"
- **spouse**: Naoko Kameyama


## Infobox (artwork)

- **title**: Untitled 2004
- **other language 1**: Japanese
- **other title 1**: 無題 2004
- **artist**: Izumi Katō
- **medium**: Wood, acrylic, charcoal
- **height metric**: 205
- **width metric**: 56
- **length metric**: 52
- **metric unit**: cm
- **imperial unit**: in
- **owner**: Takahashi Ryutaro Collection
Chalamba (Meitei king)

**Chalamba** (Ancient Meitei: **Chalampa**; 1545-1562 CE) was a Meitei king of the Ningthouja dynasty in Kangleipak (present day Manipur).
He became the king in 1545 CE.
He ruled Kangleipak for 17 years.
He succeeded the throne from King Tangjamba (1542-1545 CE). He was succeeded by King Mungyamba (1562-1597 CE).

He issued coins with signs in ancient Meitei script (Manipuri script).

During his reign, Kshetri people (or the Kshatriyas) immigrated to Kangleipak, and got naturalised as _Kshetrimayum_s.

## Family

Chalamba married to a Kamrupi princess as a part of the matrimonial alliance.

According to scholar Wahengbam Ibohal, Chalamba was neither a son nor a brother of his predecessor King Tangjamba. Tangjamba died at a young age of 29 years. Chalamba was the son of _Sanongba Lalumthomba_, the brother of Senbi Kiyamba.

## Conquests

Chalamba ruled over the Tangkhuls and the Chiroo (Chiru) people.In 1558 CE, he ruled over the Lanhang (Lamkang/Lamgang) people, by defeating its chief Kapu and taking him as captive. In 1559 CE, he also ruled over the Anal people, by defeating its chief Nongningkhoi.He ruled over the Naga villages of Anan, Thingnang, and Engthi, by defeating their chiefs.

In 1557-58 CE (equivalent to traditional year Sak 1479), Chalamba brought down two biggest stones from the Oinam hill (in present day Senapati district of Manipur state) and placed one of them in front of his royal palace, and another at the sana keithel (royal market), as a mark of conquests.

Chalamba defeated the chiefs of the Liangmai village of Nurathen on the western side of the Koubru mountain. He also defeated the Kharam chief of the Kharam village in the Leimaton (Loibi) range, near the Ijei river.

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Chalamba
- **title**: Meitei Ningthou
- **reign**: 1545 C.E - 1562 C.E
- **reign-type**: Monarch
- **coronation**: 1545 C.E
- **predecessor**: Tangjamba
- **successor**: Mungyamba
- **issue**: Mungyamba
- **house**: Ningthouja dynasty
- **father**: Sanongba Lasumthomba
- **occupation**: Monarch
- **religion**: Sanamahism
Chalamba (Khuman prince)

**Chalamba** (Ancient Meitei: **Chalampa**) was a son of Khuman King Kwakpa and a Meitei Lady Piyainu. His story was often related to goddess Imoinu (Emoinu) and the festival of Imoinu Iratpa (Emoinu Eratpa) of ancient Kangleipak. He was mentioned in Meitei mythology, Meitei folklore and in the history of Kangleipak (present day Manipur).
He was credited for bringing goddess Imoinu from the Khuman kingdom to the Meitei kingdom.

## Story

There was a disagreement between the Meiteis and the Khumans.
As a result, Chalamba's parents lived separately.
Chalamba was inside his pregnant mother's womb when his parents got separated.
Chalamba grew up in his mother's house in the land of Meiteis.
To please goddess Yumjao Leima (Yumjao Lairembi), youthful men of the land of Meiteis were asked by the oracle tellers to bring deers for the ritualistic sacrifices to Her.
Chalamba was one of the hunters coming to the forests to catch deers.
He followed a deer, which ran faster than him. It hid among the yairi grasses (Rubus idens) making a loud sound. The place was named “Yairipok” in Meitei language.
Later, the deer ran into the royal palace of Khuman King Kwakpa. Chalamba and King Kwakpa didn't recognize each other. They had a disagreement about the ownership of the deer. They finally decided to fight and the winner would be the owner.

The two fought but none won. King Kwakpa was surprised at the bravery of the young man. He stopped the fight. He asked the identity of the young man. Chalamba told him about his mother. Later, upon investigation, King Kwakpa realised that the young man was none other than his own son.
King Kwakpa expected that his wife would want his kingdom. To further verify Chalamba's legitimacy of being Piyainu's son, King Kwakpa sent Chalamba back to his mother Piyainu to ask whatever she wanted from him. Chalamba went back to his mother and came again. He extracted a promise from his father to grant him anything upon request. King Kwakpa promised. To his surprise, Chalamba begged him to give him goddess Imoinu (Emoinu).

Goddess Imoinu (Emoinu) was living in the kingdom of the Khumans. Due to her blessings, the kingdom prospered. King Kwakpa was shocked but he had already promised.
King Kwakpa reminded his son that he (Chalamba) was the legal heir to the throne of the Khuman kingdom. But, Chalamba was not convinced.
Reluctantly, King Kwakpa handed over the goddess to Chalamba. Without any bloodshed, Imoinu, the goddess of wealth and prosperity, was brought from the Khuman kingdom to the Meitei kingdom. Upon arrival in the Meiteiland, Lady Piyainu welcomed the goddess by lighting up the streets. This was later celebrated as Imoinu Iratpa (Emoinu Eratpa).

## In popular culture

In 2014, a play titled _"Imoinu Chalamba Campaign"_ was performed, as a part of the National sanitation campaign under Swachh Bharat Mission, in Manipur.
Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 1 + 2

***Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 1 + 2*** is a skateboarding video game. It was published by Activision and was developed by Vicarious Visions. It is a remake of _Tony Hawk's Pro Skater_ and _Pro Skater 2_. It is also the first main game on consoles since disastrous release of _Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 5_ in 2015.

It was released on September 4, 2020 for the PlayStation 4, Windows, Xbox One, March 26, 2021 for the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S, and June 25, 2021 for Nintendo Switch. The game would later be released on Steam and on October 3, 2023.

The game was made with help from former employees of Neversoft. Like in the original games and most games in the series, the player can do skateboarding tricks and grinds to boost their score while skating around the levels. There are also objectives in the game such as getting a certain amount of score from tricks, collecting letters that spell out SKATE, and collecting secret DVDs.

There are 21 different skaters that the player can choose from. There are also 3 secret characters to choose from. Spider-Man didn't return as a secret skater because of issues with licensing the character. The player can also create their own skater.

There were plans to create a sequel which would have been a remake of both _Pro Skater 3_ and _Pro Skater 4_ but the game was cancelled after the merger of Activision and Blizzard Entertainment on January 22, 2021.

## Reception

The game was given very positive reviews by game critics. Critics said that the game was a huge bounceback for the _Tony Hawk's_ series after the terrible release of _Pro Skater 5_ in 2015. They said they liked the attention to detail, improved graphics, better controls, and new songs and skaters. The diversity of the skaters was also applauded. Critics would also say that they didn't like the loading times, saying that they took too long.

The game would also win many awards. Among the awards won, it has been named Best Sports Game at Gamescom Awards, Best Sports/Racing Game at The Game Awards, and Sports Game of the Year at the D.I.C.E. Awards.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 1 + 2
- **developer**: Vicarious Visions
Beenox
Turn Me Up Games <small>(Switch)</small>
Iron Galaxy Studios <small>(Steam)</small>
- **publisher**: Activision
- **producer**: Barry Morales
- **designer**: Leo Zuniga
Devin Knudsen
- **programmer**: Thomas Gawrys
- **artist**: John Paul Rhinemiller
John Dobbie
- **engine**: Unreal Engine, Unreal Engine 4
- **platforms**: PlayStation 4
Microsoft Windows, Windows
Xbox One
PlayStation 5
Xbox Series X and Series S, Xbox Series X/S
Nintendo Switch
- **series**: _Tony Hawk's_
- **genre**: Sports game, Sports
<small>(skateboarding)</small>
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer game, multiplayer
Wat Bowonniwet Vihara

**Wat Bowonniwet Vihara Ratchawarawihan ** is a Buddhist temple located in Bangkok, Thailand. It is a significant place for Buddhists and visitors alike. The temple is also known as **Wat Bowon**. The temple was founded in 1824 by Mahasakti Pol Sep, the viceroy of Thailand during King Rama III's reign (r. 1824-51).

## History

It was constructed in 1824, during the reign of King Rama III. It was built by King Rama IV (also known as King Mongkut). Later on, he became a monk there. The temple has been modified and expanded over time, but it remains important for its history and culture.

## Architecture

Wat Bowonniwet Vihara's architecture is typical of Thai Buddhist temples. It has a main hall, called a ubosot, where ceremonies happen. The ubosot is decorated with carvings and designs. It represents the art of Thailand. The shiny chedi at the temple holds the remains of Thai royals. Inside the main hall, the paintings on the walls were usually simple and bright.

## Infobox (religious building)

- **name**: Wat Bowonniwet Vihara
- **image**: Ubosot of Wat Bowonniwet.jpg
- **image size**: 300px
- **caption**: The Chapel of Wat Bowonniwet Vihara
- **map type**: Thailand Bangkok
- **map caption**: Location within Bangkok
- **religious affiliation**: Theravada Buddhism
- **sect**: Dhammayuttika Nikaya
- **country**: Phra Nakhon district, Bangkok, Thailand
- **website**: http://www.watbowon.org
Andromeda Heights

***Andromeda Heights*** is the sixth studio album by British band Prefab Sprout. It was released on 2 May, 1997 through Kitchenware Records and went to number 7 in the United States. Two tracks from the album were released as singles and made the top 60 on the single charts.

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Andromeda Heights
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Prefab Sprout
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **label**: Kitchenware Records, Kitchenware
- **producer**: Paddy McAloon
- **prev title**: A Life of Surprises: The Best of Prefab Sprout
- **prev year**: 1992
- **next title**: 38 Carat Collection
- **next year**: 1999
Emmanuel Chain

**Emmanuel Chain** (born 5 August 19562) is a French TV producer and presenter. 17 March 2011. He is mainly known for having presented the economic program _Capital_ on the M6 TV channel, from 1988 to 2003.

He graduated from HEC Paris in 1978.

## Awards

- _7 d'or_ - 1996 - Best television magazine
- _7 d'Or_ - Best society magazine
- Best Production - 1998
- Best debate and society information program in both 1999 and 2001

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Emmanuel Chain
- **image**: Emmanuel Chain.jpg
- **birth place**: Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
- **nationality**: France, French
- **occupation**: TV producer and presenter
- **alma mater**: HEC Paris
Chalamba

**Chalamba** (Ancient Meitei: **Chalampa**) is a Meitei male given name.

It may also refer to:
- Chalamba (Meitei king)
- Chalamba (Khuman prince)
Tony Hawk's Downhill Jam

***Tony Hawk's Downhill Jam*** is a skateboarding racing video game. It was published by Activision and was developed by Vicarious Visions. It is a spin-off of the _Tony Hawk's_ series by Neversoft.

It was released on October 24, 2006 for the Nintendo DS, November 1, 2006 for the Game Boy Advance, November 14, 2006 on the Wii, May 8, 2007 on the PlayStation 2, and in 2007 for Mobile.

In the game's story mode, the player is a member of Tony Hawk's skating team. They must try and recruit other skaters to join the team. The team will then face a team of Hawk's rival Antonio Segul. The story mode is only in the DS version.

Like in most games in the series, the player can do skateboarding tricks and grinds to boost their score while skating around the levels. There are also objectives in the game that the player can do to unlock new areas.

In the Downhill Challenge mode, players control either Tony Hawk or Kevin Staab. They compete around the world in a series of events such as racing and seeing who can achieve more points from tricks.

## Reception

The game was given mixed reviews by game critics. Critics said that they liked the visuals and that there was the ability to play online. However, they also said that they found it difficult to play against three other players and that the game was buggy. The controls were also criticized for not being adapted well in the downhill mode.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Tony Hawk's Downhill Jam
- **developer**: Vicarious Visions <small>(DS)</small>
Toys for Bob <small>(Wii)</small>
Visual Impact <small>(GBA)</small>
SuperVillain Studios <small>(PS2)</small>
- **publisher**: Activision
- **platforms**: Nintendo DS
Game Boy Advance
Wii
PlayStation 2
- **release**: **Nintendo DS**
**Game Boy Advance**
**Wii**
**PlayStation 2**
**Mobile**
- **series**: _Tony Hawk's_
- **genre**: Sports game, Sports
<small>(skateboarding)</small>
Racing video game, Racing
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer game, multiplayer
Oligodactyly

**Oligodactyly** is a limb deformity that starts at birth where a person has less than five fingers or toes on a hand or foot. It is usually caused by a heredital or genetic mutation. It can also be a sign or symptom of a few syndromes, including Poland syndrome and Weyer Ulnar Ray Syndrome.

Often, people with oligodactyly are able to do daily tasks without difficulty. Even those with the worst forms of the condition can still do many things that need fine control, such as writing and boot-making as well as working as a taxi driver.

Notably, many of the Vadoma people of Zimbabwe have oligodactyly.

## Related pages

- Polydactyly – the condition of having more than five fingers or toes
Saucy Santana

**Saucy Santana** is an American rapper.
Tony Hawk's Motion

***Tony Hawk's Motion*** is a skateboarding video game. It was published by Activision and was developed by Creat Studios. It is a spin-off of the _Tony Hawk's_ series by Neversoft.

It was released on November 18, 2008 in North America and on November 21, 2008 in Europe. It was only released for the Nintendo DS.

In the game, players use the tilt controls of the Nintendo DS to control their skater. Tricks can be done by flicking the DS. A second game was also included with it called _Hue Pixel Painter_. In that game, the player controls a blob and paint objects by rolling around them.

## Reception

The game was given negative reviews by game critics. Critics said that they did not like that the game didn't follow the motions of the DS movements most of the time, they said the animations were also bad and the game felt like a rushed product.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Tony Hawk's Motion
- **developer**: Creat Studios
- **publisher**: Activision
- **platforms**: Nintendo DS
- **series**: _Tony Hawk's_
- **genre**: Sports game, Sports
<small>(skateboarding)</small>
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player
Offset

**Kiari Kendrell Cephus** (born December 14, 1991), known professionally as **upset**, is an American rapper, musician and record producer. He was a member of the hip hop group Migos.
Moneybagg Yo

**Moneybagg Yo** is an American rapper.
Lepidotidae

**Lepidotidae** is an extinct family of ray-finned fish in the order Lepisosteiformes. Most of the species were assigned to the genus _Lepidotes_, which was called a wastebasket taxon for a long time. They are close relatives of the gars. Members live in marine and freshwater environments.

## Taxonomy

- _Lepidotes_ <small>Agassiz, 1832</small>
- _Scheenstia_ <small>López-Arbarello & Sferco, 2011</small>
- _Camerichthys_ <small>Bermúdez-Rochas & Poyato-Ariza, 2015</small>
- _Isanichthys_ <small>Cavin and Suteethorn, 2006</small>

## Description

Representatives of the family had bulky bodies and small fins, proving they swam slowly. _Lepidotes_ had marginal teeth for grasping and palatal teeth for crushing prey. _Scheenstia_ had rounded teeth that were historically called toadstones.
Black History Month

**Black History Month** is an annual observance in Canada, Ireland and the United States, where it is also called "**African-American** History Month". This tradition started at Kent State University from January 2 to February 28, 1970.

## Related pages

- Slavery in the United States
Islam in Saudi Arabia

Islam is the state religion of Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which is located in the Arabian Peninsula.

It is the place where the Qur'an (Muslim holy book) was revealed to Prophet Muhammad, and it is where he lived and died. Saudi Arabia is the place of pilgrimage (a journey made by followers of a religion) for Muslims across the world. It is where two Islamic holy cities exist, called Mecca and Medina.
Nightcore

A **nightcore** remix (sometimes called _sped-up_ songs) are edits of an already existing song that increases the speed and pitch by roughly 35%. This was done to mimic playing a 33 RPM vinyl at a faster RPM of 45.

## Infobox (music genre)

- **name**: Nightcore
- **stylistic origins**: Originally:

Additionally in 2020s: hyperpop
- **cultural origins**: 2001, Norway
- **instruments**: Audio editing software
- **derivatives**: Hyperpop
- **other topics**: Anime music video
Mister International

**Mister International** is an international pageant in the world that annually selects a representative that whosever won in their Country will be the representative of their country in Mister International.

## Infobox (pageant)

- **name**: Mister International
- **type**: International male beauty pageant
- **organization**: Mister International Company, Ltd
- **headquarters**: Bangkok, Thailand
- **recent**: Mister International 2023, 2023
- **current titleholder**: **Thitisan Goodburn**
- **language**: English
- **leader title1**: President
- **leader name1**: Pradit Pradinunt
- **leader title2**: Vice President
- **leader name2**: Anthony Santana
- **leader title3**: Chief Executive Officer
- **leader name3**: Ricky JungHoon Jun
- **leader title4**: Chief Operating Officer
- **leader name4**: Nicholo Paulo Ventura
- **leader title**: Founder
- **leader name**: Alan Sim
Anzeigenhauptmeister

**Niclas Matthei** (born around 2006), better known by his pseudonym **Anzeigenhauptmeister** (_Chief Reporting Officer_ in English), is a young German man who became an internet meme due to reporting thousands of citizens for parking violations.

The meme originated from a documentation about him from Der Spiegel, which gained more than 5 million views on YouTube. The German rapper Finch has also made a song about him.

Niclas Matthei was recognized and photographed many times in public, he was even publicly attacked by people on multiple occasions.
Drug-induced amnesia

**Drug-induced amnesia** is amnesia caused by drugs.  Amnesia may be good for medical treatment or it may be a side-effect of a drug, such as alcohol, or certain medicine for mental disorders, such as benzodiazepines.

## Medical usage

Amnesia is sometimes good during surgery, so general anaesthesia is made to create amnesia for the time of the surgery. Drugs such as benzodiazepines, which are commonly used for anxiety disorders, can reduce the creation of new memories, even more in high doses (for example, before a surgery so that person will not remember the surgery). Amnestic drugs can be used to create a coma for a child breathing using medical devices, or to help reduce cranial pressure after head trauma. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="white-space:nowrap;">[_<span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (April 2024)">failed verification</span>_]</sup>

Researchers are experimenting with drugs which create amnesia so that they can improve understanding of human memory, and create better drugs to treat mental disorders and memory-related disorders. People with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia are likely to improve from this. By knowing the ways that amnesia-inducing drugs interact with the brain, researchers are trying to know the ways that neurotransmitters help in the creation of memory. By stimulating rather than depressing these neurotransmitters, memory may improve.

## Non-medical drug-induced amnesia

Amnesia can be a side-effect of prescription or non-prescription drugs. Both substance use and alcohol can cause both long-term and short-term memory loss, resulting in blackouts.

The most commonly used group of prescription drugs that can create amnesia are benzodiazepines, it can create even more memory loss if combined with alcohol.

## In popular culture

- The SCP Foundation has mentioned amnesia-inducing drugs in many of its articles and stories since its creation. They are under the name "amnestics". Amnestics are used to keep the SCP Foundation a secret from the public.
- In _Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind_ (2004), Joel Barish (Jim Carrey) decides to forget his former lover Clementine Kruczynski (Kate Winslet) after she erases her memories of him.
- The characters in _The Hangover_ (2009) deal with the aftermath of amnesia after taking roofies.
- An episode of _Arrested Development_ called Forget-Me-Now talks about the use of drug-induced amnesia for people who have seen how magicians' tricks are performed.
- In the book _Allegiant_ (2013) a "memory serum" is used to erase people's memories.
- In Andy Weir's novel Project Hail Mary, Ryland Grace wakes up from a coma that was caused by drug-induced amnesia.

## In mythology

Nepenthe, which is named named anti-sorrow, is a substance talked about in the _Odyssey_ given to Helen of Troy, said to come from Egypt. Eating it causes sad memories to be forgotten.
Constantine, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen

**Constantine, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen** (16 February 1801 – 3 September 1869), was the last Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen.  Constantine served as regent for his ill father, Frederick, beginning in 1834. Upon his father's death in 1838, Constantine became Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and after the death of his mother in 1845, he also inherited the Duchy of Sagan. Following the Revolutions of 1848, Constantine and Charles Anthony, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen both agreed to cede their principalities to the Kingdom of Prussia and renounced their rights as sovereign princes and heads of government on 7 December 1849.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Constantine
- **image**: Konstantin von Hohenzollern-Hechingen.jpg
- **reign**: 13 September 1838 – 7 December 1849
- **succession**: Hohenzollern-Hechingen, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
- **predecessor**: Friedrich Hermann Otto, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, Friedrich Hermann Otto
- **successor**: _Annexation by Prussia_
- **house**: Hohenzollern-Hechingen
- **father**: Friedrich Hermann Otto, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
- **mother**: Princess Pauline, Duchess of Sagan, Princess Pauline of Courland
- **birth place**: Schloss Sagan, Żagań, Sagan, Silesia, Prussia
- **death place**: Schloss Polnisch Nettkow, Zielona Góra, Grünberg, Silesia, Prussia
- **religion**: Roman Catholicism
Treaty of Addis Ababa

On 23 October 1896, the Ethiopian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy signed the **Treaty of Addis Ababa**. The treaty formally ended the First Italo-Ethipoipian War.
Isaac Martin

**Isaac Martin** (1757 – 20 Sep 1793) was the only American aboard the HMS _Bounty_. He was born in Philadelphia. During the American Revolutionary War, He served in the Continental Navy aboard the SS _Jason_. In 1781, he was captured and taken prisoner aboard the HMS Monsieur, a British ship. He had to choose between being hanged as a pirate (as American sailors were then considered) and joining the Royal Navy. Martin and his Tahitian wife eventually settled with Fletcher Christian's group on Pitcairn Island. On September 20, 1793, known on Pitcairn as "Massacre Day," Martin, Christian, and three others were murdered by rebellious natives. Originally hailing from Philadelphia, Isaac was about eighteen when American independence was declared in his native city. Philadelphia was an important inland port, and as Isaac later moved to Nantucket, it isn't too surprising that when war came, he joined the fledgling Continental Navy rather than the army.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Isaac Martin
- **birth date**: 1757
- **birth place**: Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania,
- **death date**: 20 Sep 1793
- **death place**: Pitcairn Islands
- **death cause**: Killed
- **burial place**: HMAS Bounty Mutineers Gravesite
Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands
- **nationality**: American
- **occupation**: Able-bodied seaman
- **spouse**: Teehuteatuaonoa
Upper Galilee

**Upper Galilee** (**الجليل الأعلى**) is the northern part of the Galilee (الجليل) region in northern Palestine. Today most of it is within the borders of Israel. Its highlands merge to the north with the Jabal Amel (جبل عامل) massif in Lebanon, and its northern border is the Litani River (نهر الليطاني). The mass of the mountains of Upper Galilee and Lower Galilee, located to the south, are separated by the course of the Shaghur stream (مجرى سيل الشاغور), the course of the Majd al-Krum stream (مجرى سيل مجد الكروم), and the Ramah Plain (سهل الرامة), one of the western tributaries of Wadi Amoud (وادي عمود) in the east. To the west, the highlands gradually descend to reach the coastal plain of the  Mediterranean Sea, while in the east and southeast, its cliffs and slopes are steep in the direction of Hula Valley (وادي الحولة) and Jordan Valley(وادي الأردن).

Upper Galilee is a high mountain massif cut by valleys and steep slopes. It has high peaks, including the summit of Mount Jarmaq (جبل الجرمق) - aka Mount Meron - which is 1,208m high; the highest in the Galilee (الجليل).

## Borders

The Upper Galilee is bordered to the south by the Majd al-Krum Plain (سهل مجد الكروم), through which the Akka-Safad Street (شارع عكا-صفد) passes, to the east it is bordered by the Jordan Valley, and to the north it is bordered by the Lebanese border. On the western side, the upper Galilee mountain ranges descend to the seashore, leaving a narrow beach.
Multidimensional Unit (IDF)

**Unit 888 “Refaim”** (. lit. "Ghost unit") is an Israel Defense Forces Special Operations unit established in 2019 by Israeli Chief of Staff Aviv Kokhavi.

## History

The unit was founded in February 2020. It consists of soldiers from the various branches of the Israel Defense Forces (Hebrew: צָהָ״ל), such as the air force, armored corps, military intelligence, telecommunications, cyberspace, and military reconnaissance, and also recruits soldiers from special forces such as Maglan, Yahalom, and Duvdevan. The unit's missions are kept secret.

## Training

[edit source · Edit]

## Other websites

- Such a unit was never in the IDF – until today, on IDF website, January 2020

## Infobox (military unit)

- **unit name**: Unit 888 “Refaim”
- **image**: תג יחידת רפאים.png
- **image size**: 143px
- **caption**: Unit 888 Insignia
- **dates**: 2019–present
- **country**: Israel
- **type**: Commando
- **role**: Direct action
 Intelligence gathering
- **size**: Battalion
- **command structure**: 99th Infantry Division (Israel), 99th Infantry Division (_Reserve_) (:he:עוצבת הבזק, He)
:he:מערך התמרון, Maneuvering Corps
GOC Army Headquarters
- **nickname**: "Refaim", "Ghosts", "Unit 888", "Multidimensional Unit"
- **motto**: "But he knoweth not that the dead are there" <small>Book of Proverbs, Proverbs 9:18</small>
- **commander1**: Dvir Hever
Я́

**Я́** (miniscule: я́), also known as ya with acute, is an unused letter. It is used in Yi. Allophome of [j́á]. This is part of the Cyrillic language.

## Infobox (cyrillic letter)

- **heading**: Cyrillic letter Я́
- **sound**: [j́á]
Israel Hayom

***Israel Hayom*** () is an Israeli national Hebrew-language free daily right-wing newspaper. Distributed for free around Israel, it is the country's most widely distributed newspaper. Owned by the family of Sheldon Adelson, a personal friend and benefactor of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, _Israel Hayom_ has often been criticized for portraying Netanyahu in an overly positive light. In turn, Netanyahu has been accused of attempting to benefit Adelson's investments.

## Infobox (newspaper)

- **name**: Israel Hayom
- **logo**: Israel Hayom.svg
- **logo alt**: ישראל היום
- **type**: Free daily newspaper
- **format**: Tabloid
- **publisher**: Miriam Adelson
- **chiefeditor**: Omer Lachmanovitch
- **generalmanager**: Amir Finkelstein
- **newseditor**: Uri Dagon
- **sportseditor**: Ofri Amrami
- **photoeditor**: Ami Shooman
- **political**:
Conservatism
Nationalism, National liberalism
- **headquarters**: 2 Ha-Shlosha St., Tel Aviv
- **publishing country**: Israel
- **circulation**: 275,000
- **circulation date**: 2017
- **sister newspapers**: _Makor Rishon_
- **oclc**: 234764640
- **website**:
The Forward

**The Forward** (, and formerly known as "**The Jewish Daily Forward"**) is an American news media organization for a Jewish American audience.

## History

Founded in 1897 as a Yiddish-language weekly socialist newspaper, _The New York Times_ reported that Seth Lipsky "started an English-language offshoot of the Yiddish-language newspaper" as a weekly newspaper in 1990.

## _The Forward_ in English

_The Forward_ began publishing in English in the 1980s. In 2019, both Yiddish and English were being used for their online edition. Funding for the English edition became available when ***The Forward*** sold their FM radio station.

While the idea was said to have germinated in 1983, when the Yiddish-only paper "announced that it was going to retreat to weekly publication"  and the actualization of an English edition as an ongoing paper in 1990, by 2010 Seth Lipsky was described as "formerly editor of the English-language edition".

### Notable interviews

- Barack Obama
- Alan Dershowitz
- Evan Rachel Wood
- Josh Shapiro
- Ruth Bader Ginsburg
- Gal Gadot
- Joe Biden
- Mandy Patinkin
- Natan Sharansky
- Dani Shapiro
- Nathan Englander
- Yossi Klein Halevi

## Awards

In 2020, ***The Forward*** was nominated for a James Beard Foundation Award and won nine Rockower Awards. ***The Forward*** won two Religion News Association Awards and 34 Rockower Awards in 2021. In 2022, the Forward won two Religion News Association Awards and a record of 43 Rockower Awards. In 2023, the American Jewish Press Association awarded ***The Forward*** 33 Rockower Awards.

## Related pages

- Algemeiner Journal

## Other websites

- The transition from the _Russian Forward_ to _Forum_
- Online, searchable _The Forward_ editions  from the Historical Jewish Press

## References

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## Infobox (newspaper)

- **name**: The Forward
Forṿerṭs (in Yiddish)
- **logo**: The Forward logo 2022.svg
- **caption**: Jewish. Fearless. Since 1897.
- **owners**: Forward Association
- **publisher**: Rachel Fishman Feddersen
- **chiefeditor**: Jodi Rudoren
- **assoceditor**: Adam Langer
- **newseditor**: Lauren Markoe
- **staff**: Irene Katz Connelly, Mira Fox, PJ Grisar, Beth Harpaz, Louis Keene, Jacob Kornbluh, Arno Rosenfeld
- **political**: Progressivism, Progressive
- **language**: English and Yiddish
- **headquarters**: New York City
- **circulation**: English: 28,221
- **circulation date**: March 2013
- **issn**: 1051-340X
Slide whistle

A **slide whistle**, also known as a lotus flute, is a type of flute that uses a  slide to change the sound from high(loud and squeaky) to low(quiet and dull).

## Related pages

- wind instrument
- flute
Tablet (magazine)

***Tablet*** is a conservative online magazine focused on Jewish news and culture. The magazine was founded in 2009 and is supported by the Nextbook foundation. Its editor-in-chief is Alana Newhouse.

## History

_Tablet_ was founded in June 2009 by Alana Newhouse, former culture editor at _The Forward_, with the support of the Nextbook foundation as a redeveloped and news-focused version of the Jewish literary journal _Nextbook._ In the 3 years after its founding, _New York Magazine_ described Tablet as a "must-read for  young politically and culturally engaged Jews. Its reporting has largely focused on Jewish news and culture.

### Notable interviews

- Walter Abish
- Mike Stoller
- Seymour Stein
- Naomi Alderman
- Shimon Peres
- Adina Bar-Shalom

## Awards

_Tablet_ has received two National Magazine Awards. The magazine won a Rockower Award in 2013 and another in 2022.

## Infobox (magazine)

- **title**: Tablet
- **logo**: Tablet Magazine logo.svg
- **language**: English
- **publisher**: Nextbook
- **editor**: Alana Newhouse
- **issn**: 1551-2940
Palestinian government

**Palestinian Authority Governments** () refers to the governmental body of the Palestinian National Authority located in Ramallah from 1994 until its division in 2007 and finally its renaming to the **Government of the State of Palestine** in 2013 ().

## 2006 to 2011

The Palestinian legislative election on 25 January 2006, was won by the Hamas movement (, <small>an Arabic acronym for "the Islamic Resistance Movement"</small>), and Ismail Haniyeh became Prime Minister of the State of Palestine.

But, the national unity government collapsed when a violent conflict broke out between Hamas and the Fatah movement (), especially in especially in the Gaza Strip.

After Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip on 14 June 2007, Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas rejected the Hamas-led unity government and appointed Salam Fayyad as prime minister.

Although the Fatah-led government claims authority over all of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Hamas' control of the Gaza Strip meant that realistically Fatah controlled only the West Bank.

The West Bank government's budget was mainly derived from various aid programs and the Arab League while the Hamas government in Gaza was mostly dependent on Iran until the beginning of the Arab Spring in 2011.

## 2007 to 2014

Since 2007, Fatah has continued to govern the remaining Palestinian-controlled cities and towns in the West Bank, while the Hamas government has continued to control the Gaza Strip. The reconciliation agreement to unify their governments that was signed in Cairo in 2011 was ratified by the Fatah-Hamas agreement in Doha in 2012 (ar, en).

However, renewed tensions between them, and the impact of the Arab Spring (especially the crisis in Syria), delayed them acting on this agreement. In 2011, representatives of the authority failed to raise their status in the United Nations, although the status within UNESCO was raised to the level of state representation.

In July 2012 it was reported that the Hamas government in Gaza was considering declaring the independence of the Gaza Strip with the support of neighboring Egypt.

The unity government was sworn in on 2 June 2014.

## References

<references responsive="1"></references>
Seawolf-class submarine

The **_Seawolf_ class of submarines** is a class of three nuclear-powered submarines built for the United States Navy in the 1990s. originally, there were going to be 29 submarines; however, due to the expense of the submarines, only three were built.https://portal.ct.gov/oma/in-the-news/2014-news/submarines-cheaper-by-the-dozen#:~:text=The%209%2C000%20ton%20Seawolf%2Dclass,Only%20three%20Seawolfs%20were%20built. There are three boats in the class: USS Seawolf, USS Connecticut, and USS Jimmy Carter. All three of them are still in service today.
Ant & Dec's Limitless Win

***Ant & Dec's Limitless Win***, sometimes known simply as ***Limitless Win***, is a British game show hosted by Ant & Dec. It premiered on 8 January 2022 on ITV1. Hello Dolly Ltd. created and produced it, and Ant & Dec's Mitre Studios also produced it. The set's AR elements use Unreal Engine 4.

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Game show
- **presenter**: Ant & Dec
- **country**: United Kingdom
- **language**: English
- **num series**: 3
- **num episodes**: 17
- **editor**: Jamie Rea
- **producer**: Roger Johnson
- **runtime**: 45–48 minutes <small>(excluding ad breaks)</small>
- **network**: ITV (TV network), ITV
- **last aired**: present
Vijay

**Vijay** can be

### Given name

- Vijay (actor) (born 1974), actor known for Vijay filmography
- Vijay (director) (d. 2020)
- Vijay Deverakonda (born 1985), Indian Telugu movie actor and producer
- Vijay Prashad, Indian historian, journalist and political commentator*

#### Sports

- Vijay Rupani
- Vijay Shankar
- Vijay Singh (born 1963), Fijian-Indian golfer

- Vijay (name)

## Movies

- _Vijay_ (1942 movie), a 1942 Indian Hindi movie
- _Vijay_ (1988 movie), a 1988 Indian Hindi movie directed by Yash Chopra
- _Vijay_ (1989 movie), a 1989 Indian Telugu movie directed by B. Gopal
- _Vijay_ (TV series), an NDTV Imagine television series
Ynet

**Ynet** (written as **ynet**, with a lowercase Y) is one of the major Israeli news and general-content websites, and is the online outlet for the ***Yedioth Ahronot*** newspaper. Most of Ynet's content is original work, published exclusively on the website and written by an independent staff. Ynet was launched in June 2000 in Hebrew only; and in 2004 launched its online English edition **Ynetnews**. In addition, Ynet hosts the online version of Yedioth Aharanot's media group magazines: Laisha (which also operates Ynet's fashion section), Pnai Plus, Blazer, GO magazine, and Mentha. For two years, Ynet had also an Arabic version, which ceased to operate in May 2005. Ynets main competition comes from Walla! Mako and Nana. Since 2008, Ynet is Israel's most popular internet portal, as measured by Google Trends.

## Other websites

- Israel News - Ynet,
- Israel News - Ynetnews, The English-language version of Ynet

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Ynet
- **logo**: Ynet website logo.svg
- **type**: Private Company
- **industry**: News, Internet Portal
- **hq location**: Rishon LeZion
- **key people**: Yon Feder (Founder)
 Avi Ben Tal (General Manager)
- **parent**: _Yedioth Ahronoth_
- **divisions**: Ynetnews
- **location country**: Israel
Herrenvolk democracy

**Herrenvolk democracy** is a form of government with elections in which only one ethnic group or racial group has the right to vote, the right to run for political office and the right to be employed in the bureaucracy, while other groups are disenfranchised. Herrenvolk democracy is a subtype of ethnocracy, which means any form of government where one ethnic group controls the state, with or without elections. The German term _Herrenvolk_, meaning "master race", was used in 19th century ideology that justified colonialism with the supposed racial superiority of Europeans. The term _Herrenvolk democracy_ was first used in 1967 by the sociologist Pierre van Den Berghe in his book _Race and Racism_.

## Characteristics

This elitist form of government is typically used by one ethnic group or racial group to keep control and power within the system. It is often accompanied with a false pretense of egalitarianism. As people of the dominant ethnic group or racial group gain freedom and liberty and egalitarian principles are advanced within that ethnic group or racial group, other ethnic groups are oppressed and prevented from being involved in the government and from having economic power. This can be seen in the development of the United States (especially the Southern states), Apartheid South Africa and Rhodesia in the 19th and 20th centuries.

## Related pages

- Nationalism
- Racism
- Segregation
- Racial segregation
- Religious segregation
- Jim Crow laws
- Apartheid
Tony Hawk: Ride

***Tony Hawk: Ride*** is a skateboarding video game. It was published by Activision. The game was developed by Robomodo for the PS3 and 360 and Buzz Monkey for the Wii.

It was released on November 17, 2009 in North America, December 4, 2009 in Europe, and March 10, 2010 in Australia.

The game was sold with and played with a peripheral controller in the shape of a skateboard deck. The player physically stands on the controller to play the game. The game cannot be played without the controller.

The game's story mode is called Road Trip. In the mode, the player creates a skater and starts in Southern California. Different professional skateboarders will then give the player objectives to complete such as getting to the end of the level in a set amount of time or building a high enough score by doing tricks and grinds. To progress to the next level, the player must win a skateboard session at the end of the levels.

A sequel titled _Tony Hawk: Shred_ was released in 2010.

## Reception

The game was given negative reviews by game critics. Critics said that the game's controller didn't register movements most of the time, the modes were very limited, and it was too expensive for such little content.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Tony Hawk: Ride
- **developer**: Robomodo <small>(PS3/360)</small>
Buzz Monkey Software, Buzz Monkey <small>(Wii)</small>
- **publisher**: Activision
- **producer**: Barry Morales
- **designer**: Leo Zuniga
Devin Knudsen
- **programmer**: Thomas Gawrys
- **artist**: John Paul Rhinemiller
John Dobbie
- **engine**: Unreal Engine, Unreal Engine 4
- **platforms**: PlayStation 3
Xbox 360
Wii
- **series**: _Tony Hawk's_
- **genre**: Sports game, Sports
<small>(skateboarding)</small>
- **modes**: Single-player video game, Single-player, Multiplayer game, multiplayer
Gracixalus ziegleri

**Ziegler's tree frog** (_Gracixalus ziegleri_) is a frog.  It lives in Vietnam. People have seen this frog 2200 meters above sea level.

The adult frog is 28.1 – 30.5 mm long from nose to rear end. The skin of the frog's back is brown to light brown in color with a dark brown mark in the shape of the letter Y. This frog lives in evergreen forests on mountains.
Gracixalus truongi

**Truong's tree frog** (_Gracixalus ziegleri_) is a frog.  It lives in Vietnam. Scientists think it might live in Laos too.

Scientists found this frog in a forest with karst rock in the ground. People have seen this frog between 1000 and 1200 meters above sea level.

The adult male frog is 32.2–33.1 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 37.6–39.3 mm long. There is more webbed skin on the back feet than on the front feet. The skin of the frog's back is green in color, like moss. There is a green mark in the shape of the letter Y on the back.

Scientists named this frog for Doctor Truong Quang Nguyen, a scientists from the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.
T-62

The **T-62** is a Soviet tank that entered service in 1961. It was used by several countries during the Cold War and in subsequent conflicts. The T-62 was equipped with a 115 mm smoothbore gun, plus a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun, and had improved armor compared to its predecessor, the T-55. It also featured an improved fire control system and sloped frontal armor for greater protection. Additionally, the T-62 had a top speed of around 50 km/h and an operational range of approximately 450 km. It weighed about 40 tons. Crew: Composed of four members (commander, gunner, loader and driver).
The Riddle (Nik Kershaw song)

"**The Riddle**" is a 1984 song by English singer-songwriter Nik Kershaw and is the title track to his second studio album _The Riddle_. It went to number 3 in the United Kingdom, Portugal and Ireland, number 6 in New Zealand and Australia, number 49 in Canada, number 12 in Finland, number 19 in the Netherlands, number 18 in France, number 10 in Italy and number 5 in Sweden and Norway. It was covered by Gigi D'Agostino in 1999.

## Track listing

**7" Single (WEA NIK 6)**

A: "The Riddle" – 3:52

B: "Progress" (Live) – 3:02

**12" Single (WEA NIKT 6)**

A: "The Riddle" (Extended Riddle) – 5:08

B: "Progress" (Live) – 3:02

**Cassette Single (WEA NIKC 6)**

A1: "The Riddle" – 3:52

A2: "Interview"

A3: "Progress" (Live) – 3:02

B1: "I Won't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" (Extended Mix)

B2: "Wouldn't It Be Good" (Extended Mix)

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: The Riddle
- **caption**: Cover of the 12-inch single
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Nik Kershaw
- **album**: The Riddle (album), The Riddle
- **recorded**: 1984
- **genre**: * Pop rock
* New wave music, new wave
- **length**: 3:52
- **label**: MCA Records, MCA
- **writer**: Nik Kershaw
- **producer**: Peter Collins (record producer), Peter Collins
- **prev title**: Human Racing (song), Human Racing
- **prev year**: 1984
- **next title**: Wide Boy (song), Wide Boy
- **next year**: 1985
Janowska concentration camp

The **Janowska concentration camp** was a German Nazi concentration camp. It was created in September 1941 on the outskirts of Lwów. The number of people killed at the camp is around  to . The camp was named after the near street of Janowska in Lwów of the Second Polish Republic. The Germans the camp in November 1943, with the truth of mass murders being destroyed in the Nazi program of Sonderaktion 1005.

## Other websites

- US Holocaust Memorial Museum Website (Search: "Janowska")

## Infobox (concentration camp)

- **name**: Janowska
- **image**: Jewish prisoners forced to work for a Sonderkommando 1005 unit pose next to a bone crushing machine in the Janowska concentration camp.jpg
- **type**: Concentration camp
- **caption**: Survivors of the camp's Sonderkommando 1005 unit stand next to a bone crushing machine <small>(taken following the liberation of the camp in 1944)</small>
- **location map**: Ukraine
- **map alt**: Ukraine
- **map caption**: Location of Janowska camp in modern Ukraine

Location of KL Janowska in World War II,
south of the Belzec extermination camp, Belzec death camp
- **location**: Lemberg, District of Galicia, General Government (formerly Lwów, Second Polish Republic; today Lviv, Ukraine)
- **operated by**: SS
- **in operation**: September 1941 – November 1943
- **prisoner type**: Jews
- **killed**: –
- **liberated by**: The Red Army