juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Battle of the Plains of Abraham

The **Battle of the Plains of Abraham** was a battle fought between French and British soldiers on September 13, 1759. It was part of the French and Indian War, which was part of the Seven Years' War.

The battle took place on a plateau near the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec City, Canada. The plateau was on land once owned by a farmer named Abraham Martin and so the land is called the "Plains of Abraham." Each side had about 4500 troops in the battle. The French soldiers, led by Louis de Montcalm, wore blue uniforms. The British soldiers, led by James Wolfe, wore red uniforms. Both leaders were young men and died in the battle.

The French had a fort on the Plains of Abraham. Through rumors and spies, they knew the British were coming, but when the British arrived in June, the French were not prepared and did not have all their troops with them. Many of the French troops were not as well trained as the British troops. The British began a siege that lasted three months. On September 13, the French attacked, but the British held off the attack. Eventually, the British took control of the battle. The French surrendered on September 18.

The war continued in 1760, when the British took control of Montreal. New France was defeated, and Canada became controlled by the British, as was made official in the 1763 Treaty of Paris. In North America, however, France still controlled Louisiana, which never became part of the British Empire and became part of Spain.
E. G. Marshall

**E. G. Marshall** (**Everett Eugene Grunz**; June 18, 1914 – August 24, 1998) was an American actor. He was best known for his roles as Lawrence Preston on _The Defenders_ and as David Craig on _The Bold Ones: The New Doctors_. He won two Emmy Awards in 1962 and in 1963. He was also known for his roles in _12 Angry Men_ and _Creepshow_.

Marshall was born on June 18, 1914 in Owatonna, Minnesota to a Norwegian-German family. He studied at Carleton College and at the University of Minnesota.

Marshall was married to Helen Wolf from 1939 until they divorced in 1953. Then he was married to Emy de Haze Winkelman until they divorced. Then he was married to Judith Coy until his death in 1998. He had five children. Marshall died on August 24, 1998 in Bedford, New York from lung cancer, aged 84.
Death Wish (series)

The **_Death Wish_ movie series** is a series of action movies. It was created by Michael Winner in 1974. It is based on the book of the same name by Brian Garfield, written in 1972.

## Main character

The series is about **Paul Kersey** (played by Charles Bronson). Kersey kills criminals, including gangsters, drug dealers, murderers, and rapists. He kills them either because he is hired to do so by another person or for revenge. His wife, daughter, and some of his friends were killed by criminals. Their death made Kersey want to kill criminals. Many cops think that he is a criminal. Others think that he's helping. The movies are set in either New York City, Chicago or Los Angeles. The entire series lasted for twenty years. Bronson played Kersey in all five movies.

Kersey was born in New York City of the early 1920s. Kersey's father was an English-American who originated from Norman England. His mother comes from Provo, Utah. Kersey's Norman English ancestor, Pierre Whítmoré Keèrsye, changed his name to _Kersey_. Kersey served in World War II from 1944 to 1945. In 1953, he served in the Korean War in the medical corps. In the late 1950s, he went to New York City to settle down.

### Movies

- _Death Wish_ (1974) (directed by Michael Winner)
- _Death Wish II_ (1982) (directed by Michael Winner)
- _Death Wish 3_ (1985) (directed by Michael Winner)
- _Death Wish 4: The Crackdown_ (1987) (directed by J. Lee Thompson)
- _Death Wish V: The Face of Death_ (1994) (directed by Allan A. Goldstein)
- _Death Wish_ (2018) (directed by Eli Roth)
Adrienne Barbeau

**Adrienne Jo Barbeau** (born June 11, 1945) is an American actress, singer, and writer. She is known for her roles in _Creepshow_, _Grease_, and in _Escape from New York_. She is known for her television roles in _Maude_ and in _Batman: The Animated Series_.

Barbeau was born on June 11, 1945 in Sacramento, California. Her ancestry include Armenian, German, Irish, French, and Canadian. Barbeau was raised in San Jose, California. She studied at Del Mar High School.

Barbeau was married to John Carpenter from 1979 until they divorced in 1984. Then she married Billy Van Zandt in 1992. She had one son with Carpenter and twin sons with Zandt. She now lives in Los Angeles, California.

## Other websites

- General Hospital Happenings Interview, A Word with Adrienne Barbeau  (April 27, 2010)
- Adrienne Barbeau website

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Adrienne Barbeau
- **image**: Adrienne Barbeau (57743795) new.jpg
- **birthname**: Adrienne Jo Barbeau
- **birth place**: Sacramento, California, USA
- **occupation**: Celebrity, Singer, Author
- **spouse**: John Carpenter (1979-1984)
 Billy Van Zandt (1992-)
Lame duck

**Lame duck** is a term used to describe an elected politician who will soon be leaving office. It is used for those leaving either because the have held the office for the most terms they are allowed to (term limit) or because they have lost an election.  Because they are not seen to still have much remaining power, lame duck politicians will often not get much done. They sometimes make decisions that many people do not agree with because they know the decision will not make them lose an election.

For example, a US President is said to be a lame duck president during their second term as President because they can only be President for two terms. If they lose the election to stay as the President for a second term, they are also seen as a lame duck from the time the election results are final until January 20 of the next year when the winner of the election becomes President.
Moravia (disambiguation)

**Moravia** is a region in the Czech Republic. It might also mean:

- Moravia (canton), a canton in Costa Rica
- Moravia, Iowa, a city in the U.S. state of Iowa
Pitjantjatjara

**Pitjantjatjara** () is the name of a nation of native Australian people. They live in the central Australian desert. The people call themselves _Aṉangu_, a word which means "person" or "people" in their own language. The group is considered part of the Western Desert cultural bloc. Pitjantjatjara people are closely related to their two closest neighbours: the Yankunytjatjara and the Ngaanyatjarra. They can understand much of each other's languages. There are currently about 4,000 people from this nation living in small communities spread out across their homeland.

The homeland of the Pitjantjatjara covers north-western South Australia and the south-west of the Northern Territory. More communities are located a short distance over the border in Western Australia. The land they live in is special to them. It forms a large part of their culture and beliefs. In South Australia, they mostly live in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. This area is where the Pitjantjatjara language is strongest. In the Northern Territory, their country is on the south side of Lake Amadeus. It is centred around Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa, two of their most sacred sites.

Pitjantjatara are historically a nomadic people. They lived in small family groups, travelling from one rock hole to another depending on the water and food that was available. In the mid-20th century, most families settled in new communities they built together. They have kept their culture and identity despite outside influences and attempts to force them to change. These influences come from the wider Australian community.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Pitjantjatjara
- **population**: about 4,000
- **region2**: Central Australia:
- **languages**: Pitjantjatjara language, Pitjantjatjara
- **religions**: Australian Aboriginal mythology, Traditional & Christianity
- **related**: Ngaanyatjarra, Yankunytjatjara
Edge of Darkness (2010 movie)

***Edge of Darkness*** is a 2010 drama thriller movie. It is about a detective who gets involved with the murder of his political activist daughter and gets caught up in conspiracy. The movie stars Mel Gibson. It was released in January 2010 in the United Kingdom and the United States. The reviews for this were mixed.  It earned $81 million in the box office.
Going the Distance (2010 movie)

***Going the Distance*** is a 2010 American romantic comedy movie directed by Nanette Burstein. It stars Drew Barrymore, Justin Long and Christina Applegate. It is about Erin, a graduate school student from San Francisco who meets a man in New York City and tries to keep the relationship going when she returns home. The movie was released in September 2010. It received mixed reviews from critics, but did very well at the box office.
Gyroscope

A **gyroscope** is a device used to measure or maintain an angular position. It works using the principles of angular momentum. The gyroscope is made up of a spinning wheel or disc, as well as (in some cases) many other moving parts. It helps with navigation, and plays a part in such things as a gyrocompass and artificial horizon.
Heart Attack (song)

**"Heart Attack"** is a 2013 single from singer Demi Lovato. It is about heart issues being caused from lovesick feelings. This single became a hit in certain areas and a strong charting song overall. It received good reviews from music critics.
San Jose

**San José** is Spanish for Saint Joseph.

**San Jose** or **San José** might also mean:

## United States

- San Jose, California, a city in the U.S. state of California
- San Jose Earthquakes, the city's soccer team
- San Jose Sharks, the city's ice hockey team
- San José State University, a university in the city
    - San Jose State Spartans, the university's sports teams

## Costa Rica

- San José Province, a province of Costa Rica
- San José (canton), a canton in the province
- San José, Costa Rica, a city in the canton

## Dominican Republic

- San José de Ocoa Province, a province of the Dominican Republic
- San José de Ocoa (city), head municipality of the province

## Other

- San Jose Chinantequilla, a community in Oaxaca state, Mexico
Areyonga, Northern Territory

**Areyonga** (also called **** in Pitjantjatjara) is a small town in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located about 220 km west of Alice Springs. About 300 people live in the town, most of whom are Aboriginal. The people are mostly Pitjantjatjara, with some Arrernte and Walpiri families. The town is governed by Areyonga Aboriginal Community.

Areyonga was founded during the 1920s. A long drought forced Pitjantatjara families to leave Kaḻṯukatjara and other places in the Petermann Ranges. They originally moved to Hermannsburg and then set up a new community at Areyonga. A Lutheran mission was established in the settlement in the 1940s. In the 1970s, many people from the mission moved back to the community at Kaḻṯukatjara. The Lutheran mission at Areyonga was closed in 1990, and the land was given back to the native people as part of the Haasts Bluff Aboriginal Land Trust.

## Other websites

- Community profile  on the MacDonnell Shire website
- Areyonga School

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Areyonga
- **state**: nt
- **lga**: MacDonnell Shire
- **postcode**: 0872
- **est**: 1920s
- **pop**: 235
- **stategov**: Electoral division of MacDonnell, MacDonnell
- **fedgov**: Division of Lingiari, Lingiari
- **dist1**: 220
- **dir1**: west
- **location1**: Alice Springs
Ross and Cromarty

**Ross and Cromarty** is an area of the Highlands of Scotland. It has many mountains and few people.

## Related pages

- Wester Ross

## Other websites

- Ross and Cromarty Heritage
Irrunytju, Western Australia

**Irrunytju** (also called **Wingellina**) is a small Aboriginal community  in Western Australia. It is located in the Goldfields-Esperance region, about  southwest of the Surveyor Generals Corner (where the borders of Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory meet). There are about 150 people living in the community, most of whom are Ngaanyatjarra.

The town is surrounded by the Wingellina Hills, a set of large granite hills with mulga and mallee growth. The name of the community, __, comes from the name of a sacred site located in the hills to the south.

## History

The area was part of the Central Australia Aboriginal Reserve when the reserve was created in 1922. In 1955, however, the borders of the reserve were moved to allow for mining and prospecting, mostly of nickel. Mining camps were set up in the area around what is now Irrunytju. In response, Aboriginal families moved to settle around these camps. Some got jobs with the miners and were paid in food rations; others were simply there to protect places of spiritual importance from outsiders. Some companies took steps to make sure their miners respected these sites; other companies did not, and several sacred sites were damaged during this period. The area was made part of the reserve again in 1972.

Once the miners left, the Aboriginal families stayed and built a permanent settlement using what was left from the mining camps (shelters, bores, etc.). The community was also given money from the federal government to help establish a permanent settlement. The community became incorporated in 1976. It became a member of the Ngaanyatjarra Council in 1981.

Irrunytju has remained on Aboriginal land since 1972. Economic activities in the area are governed under the Ngaanyatjarra Indigenous Land Use Agreement, formed in 2006. The community maintains many traditional activities, such as hunting and gathering bush tucker. The community has had its own art centre, Irrunytju Arts, since 2001.

## Other websites

- Irrunytju Community Resource Centre
- Profile  from the Ngaanyatjarra Council website

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Wingellina
- **state**: wa
- **lga**: Shire of Ngaanyatjarraku
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pop**: 155
- **pop year**: ?
- **stategov**: Electoral district of Kalgoorlie, Kalgoorlie
- **fedgov**: Division of O'Connor, O'Connor
- **dist1**: 1700
- **dir1**: North East
- **location1**: Perth, Western Australia, Perth
- **dist2**: 236
- **dir2**: East
- **location2**: Warburton, Western Australia, Warburton
Rusyn language

**Rusyn** (Rusyn: **' or **') is an East Slavic language. It is spoken by the Rusyns of Central Europe. In English, it is also called **Ruthene** or **Ruthenian**. Some linguists treat it as a distinct language. Some Ukrainian scholars think it is a dialect of Ukrainian.

Rusyn is spoken in the Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine, in northeastern Slovakia, in Vojvodina, in southeastern Poland, in Hungary and in northern Romania.

In Serbia, Rusyn is an official minority language. Since 1995, Rusyn has been an official minority language in Slovakia. In some Slovak municipalities, it is an official language.

Rusyn is listed as a protected language by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in Slovakia, Serbia, Croatia and Romania.

## Other websites

- Rusyn language at the World Academy of Rusyn Culture
- Rusyn Greco Catholic Church in Novi Sad (Vojvodina-Serbia)
- Rusyn-Ukrainian On-Line Dictionary

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Rusyn
- **nativename**:
__
- **ethnicity**: Rusyns
- **speakers**: 623,500
- **date**: 2000–2006
- **minority**:

- **ref**: e18
- **speakers2**: Census population: . These are numbers from national official bureaus for statistics:

Slovakia – 33,482

Serbia – 15,626

Ukraine – 6,725

Poland – 10,000

Croatia – 2,337

Hungary – 1,113

Czech Republic – 777
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic
- **fam3**: Slavic languages, Slavic
- **fam4**: East Slavic languages, East Slavic
- **script**: Cyrillic script (Rusyn language#The Carpathian Rusyn alphabets, Rusyn alphabets)
Latin script (Slovakia)
- **iso3**: rue
- **glotto**: rusy1239
- **glottorefname**: Rusyn
- **lingua**: 53-AAA-ec < East Slavic languages, 53-AAA-e
(varieties: 53-AAA-eca to 53-AAA-ecc)
- **notice**: IPA
- **map**: Idioma rusino.PNG
Tjuntjuntjara Community

**Tjuntjuntjara** is a remote Aboriginal community in the southeast of Western Australia. It is located in the Great Victoria Desert, inside the Great Victoria Desert Nature Reserve. It is about  east of Kalgoorlie. The nearest place with more people is the town of Laverton, . Tjuntjuntjara is connected to Irrunytju in the north by a dirt track.

There are about 160 people living at Tjuntjuntjara. They speak a southern variety of the Pitjantjatjara language. They identify as belonging to a group of people known as **' (meaning "from the spinifex plains"). This group of people are among those that were removed from their homelands in the 1950s and 1960s due to nuclear weapons testing at Woomera Test Range. Most of the people now living at Tjuntjuntjara were previously living at Cundeelee, then a Christian mission, further to the west. Other communities of **' people include Oak Valley and Yalata, over the border in South Australia.

Tjuntjuntjara was founded in the late 1980s. Cundeelee was being closed, so a group of elders led members back east to their homelands to set up a new community. The first choice for a location was Yakadunya (about  of Tjuntjuntjara). A water bore was drilled and a temporary camp was formed, but there was not enough water in the ground. The community moved northward to what is now Tjuntjuntjara.

Tjuntjuntjara has since grown into a large community. It acts as a service centre for several outstations. These outstations are occupied at certain times of the year for hunting and gathering and ceremonies. The community is governed by a local council. Facilities and services are managed by the Paupiyala Tjarutja Aboriginal Corporation, a non-profit organisation. The community has its own health clinic. The community school, Tjuntjuntjara Remote Community School, was opened in 2008. Both the clinic and the school are helped by the federal government. Mail is flown in by plane once per week. A truck delivers food supplies to the community once every two weeks. There is no police station.

The Spinifex Arts Project was set up in 1997 for the community to create artworks.

The community is growing. There were about 40 living at Tjuntjuntjara during the 1980s. In the 2006 census, there were 150 people, and in the 2011 census there were 162 people living in 17 houses.

## Other websites

- Tjuntjuntjara Community Resource Centre
- Profile  from the Ngaanyatjarra Council website
- Spinifex Arts Project

## Infobox (australian place)

- **type**: town
- **name**: Tjuntjunjtarra
- **state**: wa
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **postcode**: 6436
- **dist1**: 550
- **dir1**: east
- **location1**: Kalgoorlie
- **lga**: Shire of Menzies
- **stategov**: Goldfields-Esperance
- **fedgov**: Division of O'Connor, O'Connor
The Switch (2010 movie)

***The Switch*** is a 2010 movie. It is a romantic comedy about a woman who wants to get pregnant. The movie stars Jennifer Aniston, Jason Bateman, Patrick Wilson and Juliette Lewis. _The Switch_ was the last movie to be distributed by Miramax before that company was sold by Disney. It was released on August 20, 2010.  The movie was not well liked by critics. It made almost 50 million dollars at the box office.

## Cast

- Jennifer Aniston as Kassie Larson
- Jason Bateman as Wally Mars
- Thomas Robinson as Sebastian Larson
    - Bryce Robinson as older Sebastian
- Patrick Wilson as Roland Nilson
- Juliette Lewis as Debbie Epstein
- Jeff Goldblum as Leonard
- Caroline Dhavernas as Pauline
- Scott Elrod as Teddy Declan
- Diane Sawyer as herself (cameo)

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Switch
- **screenplay**: Allan Loeb
- **music**: Alex Wurman
- **cinematography**: Jess Hall
- **editing**: John Axelrad
- **distributor**: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
- **runtime**: 101 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $19 million
- **gross**: $49.9 million
Paneuropean Union

The **Paneuropean Union** was a movement to join the countries of Europe. It was founded in 1923.
Union of European Federalists

The **Union of European Federalists** is a non-governmental organisation in the European Union. Its aim is to promote European integration. It was founded in 1946 after World War II.

## Other websites

- UEF Belgique
- Movimento Federalista Europeo
- Europa-Union Deutschland
Acrididae

The **Acrididae** are the main family of grasshoppers, with 10,000 of the 11,000 species of the entire suborder Caelifera. The Acrididae are best known because all locusts (swarming grasshoppers) are of the Acrididae. However, not all Acrididae are locusts: 'locust' is a term that is only given to those grasshoppers that swarm.

Acrididae grasshoppers have relatively short and stout antennae, and drum-like tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment.

The name Acrididae is derived from Greek _akris_, meaning locust.
The Proposal (movie)

***The Proposal*** is a romantic comedy movie from 2009. It is about a Canadian executive chief of staff working at a New York City book publishing company. She learns she will be deported due to an expired visa unless the visa matter is taken care of. Sandra Bullock plays the executive. Ryan Reynolds plays her assistant. This movie was released in June 2009. The reviews were mixed to negative. _The Proposal_ took in over $317 million in the box office. It became the highest grossing romantic comedy in 2009.
Farsi1

**Farsi1** is a Persian language satellite television channel. It was created in 2009. The channel is broadcast into Iran from Hong Kong by a company co-owned by Rupert Murdoch. Since the channel's creation, Farsi1 has become the most popular TV channel in Iran.  The channel broadcasts TV series from Korea, Latin America and the United States. Its most popular series tend to be Colombian telenovelas.

## Infobox (tv channel)

- **name**: Farsi1
- **logo**: Farsi 1 vector.svg
- **launch date**: 1 August 2009
- **picture format**: 16:9, 4:3 (576i, SDTV) (1080p, High-definition television, HD)
- **network**: Broadcast Middle East
- **owner**: MOBY Group
News Corporation
- **slogan**: Always Familiar
- **country**: United Arab Emirates
- **language**: Persian language, Persian
- **area**: Middle East
- **sister channels**: Zemzemeh
- **headquarters**: Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- **web**: [http://www.farsi1.tv www.farsi1.tv]
 [http://www.facebook.com/FARSI1TV www.facebook.com/farsi1tv]
- **sat serv 1**: Eutelsat W3A
- **sat chan 1**: 11221-H-27500-3/4
Selen Soyder

**Mükerrem Selen Soyder** (born in Alsancak, İzmir, Turkey on December 26, 1986) is a Turkish model. She was Miss Turkey in 2007.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Selen Soyder
- **image**: Miss Turkey 07 Mukerrem Selen Soyder.jpg
- **birth name**: Mükerrem Selen Soyder
- **birth place**: İzmir, Turkey
- **partner**: Tolgahan Sayışman (2012 - present)
- **yearsactive**: 2006 - present
Wherry Lines

The **Wherry Lines** are railway lines in England, from Norwich to Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft. These lines go through The Broads. The line is part of the Network Rail Strategic Route 7, SRS 07.11 and is a rural line. The name of the line is taken from the Norfolk wherries, which played an important role in the transport of goods and people around the broads before road and rail transport became widespread.
Norfolk wherry

The **Norfolk wherry** is a type of boat on The Broads in Norfolk, England. Three main types were made over its life, all using gaff rig with a single, tall sail and the mast stepped well forward.
Scalpel

A **scalpel** is a very sharp knife, made to be used for surgery. Scalpels were developed for cutting through tissue. In 2013, most scalpels used for surgery had blades which are only used once. The blade is replaced after use. Sometimes, the lower part of the scalpel is re-used. The blades are made of different kinds of metal or steel. In some cases, titanium, diamond or obsidian are used. Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnetism to generate an image. This means that people performing operations in such an environment cannot use metal tools. In some cases, scalpels are replaced with lasers, or with electrocautery. Ancient Egyptian medicine used scalpels for enbalming; the material used was obsidian, it is still in use today. Medicine in ancient Rome used over 150 different tools, among them, the scalpel.
Ferney Park

**Ferney Park** is a football stadium in Ballinamallard, Northern Ireland. Ballinamallard United F.C. play there
Ælfthryth, wife of Edgar

**Ælfthryth** ( - 1000 or 1001, also **Alfrida**, **Elfrida** or **Elfthryth**)  was the second or third wife of King Edgar of England. Ælfthryth was the first king's wife known to have been crowned and anointed as Queen of the Kingdom of England. Mother of King Æthelred the Unready, she was a powerful political figure. She was linked to the murder of her stepson King Edward the Martyr and appeared as a stereotypical bad queen and evil stepmother in many medieval histories.

## Early life

Ælfthryth was the daughter of Ealdorman Ordgar. Her mother was a member of the royal family of Wessex.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **type**: majesty
- **consort**: yes
- **name**: Ælfthryth
- **succession**: List of English consorts, Queen consort of England
- **death date**: 1000 or 1001
- **reign**: 964/965 - 8 July 975
- **predecessor**: Ælfgifu, wife of Eadwig, Ælfgifu
- **successor**: Ælfgifu of York
- **coronation**: 11 May 973
- **spouse**: Edgar the Peaceful, Edgar, King of England
- **father**: Ordgar, Ealdorman of Devon
- **issue**: Edmund of England
Æthelred the Unready, Æthelred, King of England
Paralegal

A **paralegal** is the professional of legal science that performs as part of a legal assistance system.

## Overview

Paralegals know the law, and they use their knowledge to help those being charged with a crime, people who want to charge someone with a crime, people who want to sue someone, and people who are being sued.

Paralegals are similar to lawyers, but not as educated in the law. They sometimes only do what lawyers ask them to do, but can sometimes work alone.

Some companies hire paralegals instead of lawyers, because they are less expensive to hire. Paralegals go to school for a shorter amount of time than lawyers do, and they do not make as much money.

## Education

Most paralegals go to school for two to four years. They learn about different kinds of law, such as business law, criminal law, and civil law. They also learn how to work with lawyers, how to create contracts and other official agreements, and how to do research well.

## Pay

Paralegals normally make around $48,000 a year. They can make as little as $35,000 a year, or as much as $60,000 a year.
Joss Stone

**Joss Stone** (born Jocelyn Eve Stoker on 11 April 1987) is a British soul singer-songwriter and actress. She was born in Dover and spent her teenage years in Ashill, Mid Devon. She still lives in Mid Devon. Stone became famous in late 2003 with her album _The Soul Sessions_. It was nominated for the Mercury Prize. Stone's first single "Fell in Love with a Boy" was released in 2004. It reached number 18 in the UK Singles Chart. "You Had Me" was released as the first single from Stone's second album. It is Stone's most successful single. She sang on the 2004 number one Christmas single "Do They Know It's Christmas?" as part of Band Aid 20. Her second album _Mind Body & Soul_ went straight to number one in the UK Albums Chart. Stone sung on "Anniversary" on Lemar's 2006 album _The Truth About Love_. Stone's third album _Introducing Joss Stone_ was released in 2007. It was produced by Raphael Saadiq. Stone won Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for her cover of "Family Affair" with John Legend and Van Hunt. In 2009 Stone's fourth album _Colour Me Free!_ was released. Stone sang on the song "Who's Your Daddy" on Ringo Starr's 2010 album _Y Not_. In 2011 _LP1_ was released. In 2012 _The Soul Sessions Vol.2_ was released by Stone'd Records.

## Discography

- _The Soul Sessions_ (2003)
- _Mind Body & Soul_ (2004)
- _Introducing Joss Stone_ (2007)
- _Colour Me Free!_ (2009)
- _LP1_ (2011)
- _The Best of Joss Stone 2003–2009_ (2011)
- _The Soul Sessions Vol. 2_ (2012)
- _Water for Your Soul_ (2015)

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Joss Stone
- **image**: Joss Stone.jpg
- **caption**: Joss Stone live during the Mind, Body & Soul Sessions Tour
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Joscelyn Eve Stoker
- **birth place**: Dover, Kent, England
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **years active**: 2001–present
Death of Diana, Princess of Wales

**Diana, Princess of Wales** and her boyfriend, Dodi Al-Fayed, died in a car accident in Paris, on 31 August 1997. Their driver, Henri Paul, who was drunk, was also killed.
Many people left flowers, candles, cards and personal messages for her in public places. She had a big funeral in London.

Concerts for Diana took place shortly after her death. The concerts involved Elton John and many others. John released a new version of his song, "Candle in the Wind," in memory of Diana.

Trevor Rees-Jones, former bodyguard of Diana, Princess of Wales was also injured but survived the crash.
Mid Devon

**Mid Devon** is a borough in the county of Devon in South West England. Its administrative headquarters are in Tiverton.
Progeroid syndromes

**Progeroid syndromes** (PS) describes a range of genetic disorders where the affected person appears to grow older faster. All these disorders are monogenetic, meaning they come from mutations of a single gene. Most known PS mutations lead to either defects in the DNA repair mechanism, or defects in a protein known as lamin A/C.

Progeroid means "resembling old age". This definition can be applied to many different diseases. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease affects only one tissue.
In most cases, the term _progeroid syndrome_ is used for cases where the affected people only show some of the features of aging, but not all of them. In these cases, many different kinds of tissue are affected.

Individuals with PS-related disorders often have a reduced lifespan. The most widely studied of the progeroid syndromes are Werner syndrome (WS) and Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), because they resemble natural aging.

Because of its property of accelerated aging (senescence), progeroid syndomes have been widely studied in the fields of aging,regeneration, stem cells and cancer.
Pope Gregory IV

**Pope Gregory IV** (; c. 795-25 January 844) was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 102nd Pope from 11 February 731 to 28 November 741.
was Pope from October 827 to 25 January 844.

## Early life

Gregorius was born in Rome, but the exact date is unknown.

## Cardinal

Gregory was a Cardinal and head priest of the Basilica of St. Mark in Rome.

## Pope

Gregory was elected pope in 844.

During his reign, the  Roman port city of Ostia was expanded.

## Related pages

- List of popes

## Other websites

- "Gregory IV"/Gregory_IV), _Encyclopædia Britannica_, 1911
- Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence

## Infobox (christian leader)

- **type**: Pope
- **english name**: Gregory IV
- **image**: Greg4papa.jpg
- **birth name**: Gregorius
- **birth date**: c. 795
- **birth place**: Rome
- **death place**: Rome
- **term start**: October 827
- **term end**: 25 January 844
- **predecessor**: Pope Valentine
- **successor**: Pope Sergius II
- **other**: Gregory
Forgetting Sarah Marshall

***Forgetting Sarah Marshall*** is a 2008 romantic comedy-drama that looks at romances, break-ups and arguments. Kristen Bell plays Sarah Marshall and Mila Kunis plays Rachel Jansen. This romance comedy-drama was released April 18, 2008, with very positive box office revenue and very high reviews.
Toyo Ito

is a Japanese architect.

He was born in Seoul. In 2013, Ito won the Pritzker Prize.

## Other websites

- Toyo Ito & Associates, Architects website
Horrible Bosses

***Horrible Bosses*** is a 2011 American black comedy movie. It was directed by Seth Gordon. The story is about sexual harassment, corrupt bosses and plots to murder. Jason Bateman, Jason Sudeikis, Charlie Day, Kevin Spacey, Jennifer Aniston, Colin Farrell,  Jamie Foxx and Donald Sutherland star in the movie. The movie was released in July 8, 2011. It received positive reviews. It made less than $210 million worldwide. _Horrible Bosses_ is 98 minutes long. A sequel, _Horrible Bosses 2_, was released on November 28, 2014.

## Cast

- Jason Bateman as Nick Hendricks
- Charlie Day as Dale Arbus
- Jason Sudeikis as Kurt Buckman
- Jennifer Aniston as Dr. Julia Harris
- Colin Farrell as Bobby Pellitt
- Kevin Spacey as David Harken
- Donald Sutherland as Jack Pellitt
- Jamie Foxx as Dean "Motherfuckah" Jones
- Julie Bowen as Rhonda Harken
- P. J. Byrne as Kenny Sommerfeld
- Wendell Pierce as Detective Hagan
- Lindsay Sloane as Stacy
- Ron White as Detective Samson
Rock of Ages (2012 movie)

***Rock of Ages*** is a 2012 romantic comedy movie. Catherine Zeta-Jones, Julianne Hough and Tom Cruise are in this movie. The movie is about the 1980s and on rock bands. This movie got mixed reviews from the critics. Its box office intake was very low.
Federal Republic of Central America

The **Federal Republic of Central America** was known as the **United Provinces of Central America** in its first year of creation. It was an independent nation in Central America. It was made up of the former territories of the Mexican Empire. It existed from September 1821 to 1841. It was a republican democracy.

The republic was made up of the present-day countries of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica  (Panama was part of the Republica de Colombia in 1821). Los Altos was added to the republic in the 1830s. Its capital was Quetzaltenango. Although the nation was independent of Spain, it had been annexed by the First Mexican Empire.

## Infobox (former country)

- **conventional long name**: ----
- **common name**: Central America
- **iso3166code**: omit
- **era**: Spanish American wars of independence
- **status**: Federation
- **government type**: Revolutionary republic
- **event start**: Independence from
- **date start**: 1 July
- **year start**: 1823
- **event end**: Disestablished
- **date end**: February
- **year end**: 1841
- **event pre**: Independence from
- **date pre**: 15 September 1821
- **p1**: Central America under Mexican ruleFirst Mexican Empire
- **flag p1**: Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg
- **s1**: Free State of Costa RicaCosta Rica
- **flag s1**: Flag of Costa Rica (1838-1840).svg
- **s2**: El Salvador
- **flag s2**: Flag of El Salvador (1839-1865).svg
- **s3**: Guatemala
- **flag s3**: Flag of Guatemala (1838-1843).svg
- **s4**: Honduras
- **flag s4**: Flag of Honduras (1839-1866).svg
- **s5**: Nicaragua
- **flag s5**: Flag of Nicaragua (1839-1858).svg
- **s6**: Los Altos (state)Los Altos
- **flag s6**: Flag of the State of Los Altos.svg
- **image flag**: Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America.svg
- **flag**: Flag of Central America
- **flag type**: Flag
(1824–1841)
- **image coat**: Escudo de la República Federal de Centro América.svg
- **symbol type**: Coat of arms
(1824–1841)
- **symbol type article**: Coat of arms of Central America
- **image map**: Federal Republic of Central America (orthographic projection).svg
- **national anthem**: _La Granadera_
"The Song of the Grenadier"

- **common languages**: Spanish language, Spanish
- **religion**: Catholic Church, Catholicism
- **demonym**: Central American
- **currency**: Central American Republic real, Central American real
- **leader1**: Manuel José Arce (first)
- **leader2**: Francisco Morazán (last)
- **year leader1**: 1825–1828
- **year leader2**: 1829, 1830–1834, 1835–1839
- **title leader**: List of heads of state of the Federal Republic of Central America, President
Wipeout

***Wipeout*** is an American reality game show that airs on ABC. Contestants compete in a series of obstacle courses in what is called the "world's largest obstacle course." The series started on June 24, 2008. It is hosted by John Henson and John Anderson; with Vanessa Lachey acting as a "on-location" host.

There are four rounds of gameplay. In the first round, 24 players play in the "qualifier" obstacle course. The 12 players who complete the course in the fastest time move on to the next round. In the second round, 12 players compete in another obstacle course. The first 6 players to complete the obstacle course move on to the third round. The third round is a third obstacle course. Here, the first 3 players to complete the obstacle course move on to the fourth and last round. The fourth round is the "Wipeout Zone." The 3 players left compete in one more obstacle course to complete the course in the fastest time. The player who completes it in the fastest time wins $50,000.

## Other websites

- _Wipeout_ on the ABC website
The Back-up Plan

***The Back-up Plan*** is a 2010 American romantic comedy movie. It is about relationships and pregnancy. Melissa McCarthy and Jennifer Lopez are among the cast. This movie was released in April 2010. It got mixed reviews by critics. However, its box office intake was over $77 million.
Gríðr

In Norse mythology, **Gríðr** (Old Norse: truce, equivalent of the Greek Ekecheiria) is a female jötunn and a lover of the god Odin. By Odin, she is the mother of Víðarr, the equivalent of the Roman Aeneas, according to Snorri Sturlasson. When Loki schemed to have Thor killed, she gave Thor a number of magical items, which included a pair of gauntlets known as Járngreipr and a staff, Gríðarvölr.
Robert A. Taft

**Robert Alphonso Taft** (September 8, 1889 – July 31, 1953) was an American politician for the Republican Party. He was the son of President William Howard Taft. He served as the Senator of Ohio from January 3, 1939 until his death in July 31, 1953. Taft was also the Senate Majority Leader from January 3, 1953 until his death on July 31, 1953. He is thought to be one of the greatest Senators in American history. He ran for President four times from 1940, 1944, 1948, and in 1952.

Taft was born on September 8, 1889 in Cincinnati, Ohio. He studied at Taft School, at Yale University and at the Harvard Law School. Taft was married to Martha Wheaton Bowers from 1914 until his death in 1953. They had four sons. Taft died on July 31, 1953 in a hospital in New York City, New York from a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 63.

## Other websites

- Kirk, Russell and James McClellan, eds. _The Political Principles of Robert A. Taft_ (1967).
- Wunderlin, Clarence E. Jr., et al. eds. _The Papers of Robert A. Taft_  vol 1, 1889–1939 (1998); vol 2, 1940–1944 (2001); vol 3, 1945–1948 (2003); vol 4, 1949–1953 (2006).
- Robert A. Taft, _A Foreign Policy for Americans_

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **birth name**: Robert Alphonso Taft
- **nationality**: American
- **image**: Robert a taft.jpg
- **office**: Party leaders of the United States Senate, Senate Majority Leader
- **deputy**: Leverett Saltonstall
- **term start**: January 3, 1953
- **term end**: July 31, 1953
- **predecessor**: Ernest McFarland
- **successor**: William F. Knowland
- **office1**: Chair of the Senate Republican Policy Committee
- **leader1**: Wallace H. White Jr.
Kenneth S. Wherry
Styles Bridges
- **term start1**: March 1944
- **term end1**: January 3, 1953
- **predecessor1**: Position established
- **successor1**: William F. Knowland
- **jr/sr2**: United States Senator
- **state2**: Ohio
- **term start2**: January 3, 1939
- **term end2**: July 31, 1953
- **predecessor2**: Robert J. Bulkley
- **successor2**: Thomas A. Burke
- **birth place**: Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **children**: 4, including William Howard Taft III, William, Robert Taft Jr., Robert
- **parents**: William Howard Taft
Helen Herron Taft, Nellie Herron
- **relatives**: _See Taft family_
- **education**: Yale University
Harvard University
- **signature**: Robert A Taft Signature.svg
Scientific Research Institute of System Development

**Scientific Research Institute of System Analysis** (abbrev. SRISA/NIISI RAS, , ) is a research and development institution in Russia. It works to resolve complex applications by combining fundamental and applied mathematics and methods of practical computing. It is a project of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The institute was founded on October , 1986, by the Decree no. 1174 of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

## Products

- Microprocessors
- KOMDIV-32 () is a family of 32-bit microprocessors, MIPS-I ISA
- KOMDIV-64 () is a family of 64-bit microprocessors, MIPS-IV ISA

## Other websites

- Official website
Takeshi's Castle

***Takeshi's Castle*** is a Japanese game show that aired from May 2, 1986 to October 19, 1990 on the Tokyo Broadcasting System. It involved players going through tough physical challenges given by Japanese actor Takeshi Kitano. Between 100 and 142 players competed in an episode. Episodes finished with a "Final Challenge" where the players who were left faced against Kitano. Here, players had to hit a paper ring or hit the sensor on Kitano's cart with a water gun. If a player did so, Kitano's cart was deactivated, the castle was "taken," and the player won the game. Winning players won one million yen. Only nine players won during the show's run.

The show has been shown in over 20 countries. Episodes would have an announcer of the country's language commenting on the action. It has become a popular show around the world.

In revival series, it ran from April 21 to 28, 2023 on Amazon Prime Video.
Boomerang (1992 movie)

***Boomerang*** is a 1992 romantic comedy movie. It talks about relations between African-American adults. Eddie Murphy, Robin Givens, Martin Lawrence, Eartha Kitt, Halle Berry and Kenn Michael are among the cast. The movie has a runtime of around 117 minutes. The release date was July 1, 1992. The reviews for this romantic comedy were mixed to negative. But the box office revenue intake of $131 million made this movie a strong performer.
French Kiss (movie)

***French Kiss*** is a 1995 American romantic comedy movie. Meg Ryan, Kevin Kline and Timothy Hutton are in the cast. The movie is about long-distance relationships. This movie was released in May 1995. The reviews were mixed to negative. The box office intakes was strong, however.
Molly (movie)

***Molly*** is a romantic comedy-drama movie from 1999. It is about autism and relationships. Elizabeth Shue plays the title character. This movie got bad reviews. Its box office intake was very weak.
Kristinia DeBarge

**Kristinia DeBarge** (born March 8, 1990) is an American singer. She sings mostly pop music. She is also an actress. DeBarge was born in Pasadena, California.
Britt Nicole

**Brittany Nicole Waddell** (known by her stage name, **Britt Nicole**; born August 2, 1984) is an American singer. She sings Christian pop music. Her song "Gold" was released in late 2012. Britt was born in Charlotte, North Carolina.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Follow the Call_ (2003)
- _Say It_ (2007)
- _The Lost Get Found_ (2009)
- _Gold_ (2012)
- _Britt Nicole_ (2016)
- _II II V_ (2025)
Mann Ranges

The **Mann Ranges** are mountain ranges in central Australia. They are in the far northwest of South Australia, with a small section running over the border into the Northern Territory. Tha ranges are part of the geological region known as the Musgrave Block, which also includes the Petermann and Musgrave Ranges. Mountains in this region were formed in the Petermann Orogeny (600–550 million years ago).

This area is part of the traditional country of the Pitjantjatjara nation. They associate it with spiritual stories about Wati Ngiṉṯaka (the perentie lizard man), a creation spirit from the Dreamtime. He is said to have created the landforms while travelling through the area during the Dreamtime. His route forms a network of songlines that are spiritually important to native people. The largest communities in the area are Kaṉpi and Nyapaṟi.

The first European person to visit the area was William Gosse in 1873. With the help of local Aboriginal people, Gosse and his team explored the Mann Ranges after seeing the range from the top of Uluṟu. From the Mann Ranges, he went west to the Tomkinson Ranges, but turned back rather than trying to cross the Great Victoria Desert. He came back to the Mann Ranges and then went eastward to the Musgrave Ranges.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Mann Ranges
- **elevation m**: 1050
- **location**: Central Australia
Curtin Springs

**Curtin Springs** is a large working cattle station in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is on the Lasseter Highway,  east of Yulara. The property is  in size. Mount Conner is inside the southern border of the property. Curtin Springs was built in 1943 and is owned and operated by the Severin family. It also includes a roadhouse, an inn and a campground.

In September and October 2012, bushfires destroyed over  of bush, nearly a quarter of its pasture land.

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Curtin Springs
- **former names**: Mount Conner Station
- **image**: Curtin Springs.JPG
- **caption**: Fuel pumps and pub at Curtin Springs Station
- **map type**: Northern Territory
- **building type**: Cattle Station (agriculture), station
- **owner**: Severin family
- **location**: Northern Territory,
Australia
- **address**: Lasseter Highway
- **website**: http://www.curtinsprings.com
27 Dresses

***27 Dresses*** is a 2008 American romantic comedy movie. Katherine Heigl plays a bridesmaid. The movie got mixed reviews. The movie made a lot of money.
Edie Brickell

**Edie Arlisa Brickell** (born March 10 1966) is an American singer and recording artist. She performs pop-rock music. She was very popular in the late 1980s. Brickell was born in Dallas, Texas. She is married to singer and songwriter Paul Simon. In 2013 she recorded an album with comedian Steve Martin.