Laguna de Bay

**Laguna de Bay**, conveniently referred to as _Laguna Lake_, is the largest lake in the Philippines. Laguna de Bay is pronounced _Laguna de bai_, where the vowel “a” has a short sound, and was named after the town of **Bay**, in the province of Laguna during the Spanish colonial period.

The lake is located southeast of Metro Manila, between the provinces of Laguna to the south and Rizal to the north. A freshwater lake, it has a surface area of 911–949 km<sup>2</sup> (352–366 sq mi), with an average depth of about  and an elevation of about one meter above sea level. The lake is shaped like a crow's foot, with two peninsulas jutting out from the northern shore and filling the large volcanic Laguna Caldera. In the middle of the lake is the large island of Talim. Its water drains to Manila Bay via the Pasig River.

The lake is one of the primary sources of freshwater fish in the country. However, lingering environmental issues have jeopardized its ecology; such as overfishing and those created by population pressure, industrialization and invasive species of foreign fish.

## Etymology

In the pre-Hispanic era, the lake was known as "Puliran Kasumuran" (Laguna Copperplate Inscription,  900 AD), and later as "Pulilan" (_Vocabulario de la lengua tagala_, 1613. Pila, Laguna).

The lake was known as **La Laguna** in the Spanish colonial period up until the early 20th century. The Spanish word _laguna_ refers to a _lagoon_ and freshwater lake. The province of _Laguna_ was coined after the lake itself.

As it is known today, **Laguna de Bay** — meaning, _"Lagoon of Bay"_ — was named after the lakeshore town of _Bay_ (pronounced Bä'ï), the former provincial capital of Laguna province. Alternate spellings of the town's name include "Bae" or "Ba-i", and in the early colonial times, "Bayi" or "Vahi". The town's name is believed to have come from the Tagalog word for "settlement" (_bahayan_), and is related to the words for "house" (_bahay_), "shore" (_baybayin_), and "boundary" (_baybay_), among others.

The introduction of the English language during the American administration of the Philippines, elicited confusion as the English word "bay", referring to another body of water, was mistakenly substituted for the town's name  — that leads to its common mispronunciation. It has been frequently reminded that the word, _"Bay"_, in Laguna de Bay, refers to the town. On occasion, the lake's proper name is substituted as a matter of convenience, even in government websites, as **"Laguna Lake"**, such as by the _Laguna Lake Development Authority_.

## Laguna Caldera

_Laguna Caldera_ is a potentially active volcanic caldera and a geographical depression that forms the middle lobe of Laguna de Bay.

## Infobox (body of water)

- **image**: Laguna de Bay 2020 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Satellite image of Laguna de Bay in 2020
- **pushpin map**: Luzon mainland#Philippines
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Luzon##Location in the Philippines
- **type**: Caldera lake (theorized)/ Tectonic lake
- **inflow**: 21 tributaries
- **outflow**: Pasig River
- **basin countries**: Philippines
- **length**: (E-W)
- **width**: (N-S)
- **area**: 911–949 km² (352–366 sq mi)
- **elevation**: less
- **islands**: Talim Island
Napindan Lighthouse