juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bushel

A **bushel** is an imperial unit of dry volume, equal to 4 pecks or 8 gallons. It is most often used in agriculture. A bushel is abbreviated as **bsh.** or **bu.**

Since the volume of a gallon in UK has been defined as the volume of ten pounds of water, the volume of a bushel in SI units is 36.3687 litres.

The United States bushel is slightly smaller than the British bushel because the American gallon is smaller than the British gallon. Its volume has been defined as 2150.42 cubic inches, which makes 35.2391 litres.
Adelina Patti

**Adelina Patti** (10 February 184327 September 1919) was a highly acclaimed Italian-French 19th-century opera diva, earning huge fees, sometimes $5000 in gold,  at the height of her career in the music capitals of Europe and America. She first sang in public as a child in 1851, and gave her last performance before an audience in 1914.

## Biography

She was born **Adelina Juana Maria Patti**, in Madrid, the last child of tenor Salvatore Patti (1800–1869) and soprano Caterina Barilli (died 1870). Her Italian parents were working in Madrid, Spain, at the time of her birth. Because her father came from Sicily, Patti was born a subject of the King of the Two Sicilies, but had a French passport for most of her life, as two of her three husbands were French.  She settled in South Wales in 1903, and after her last concert, for the Red Cross, in 1914 she died there, of natural causes.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Adelina Patti
- **image**: Adelina Patti (carte de visite).jpg
- **birth place**: Madrid, Spain
- **death place**: Craig-y-Nos Castle, Wales
- **genre**: Opera, Traditional music
- **occupation**: Coloratura soprano
- **label**: Gramophone and Typewriter Company
Lebanon (disambiguation)

Lebanon is a Middle Eastern country on the Mediterranean Sea.

Lebanon may also mean:

- Lebanon, Kentucky

- Lebanon, Illinois

- Lebanon, Virginia

- Lebanon, Kansas

- Lebanon Junction, Kentucky

- Lebanon, Indiana
Oculocerebrorenal syndrome

**Oculocerebrorenal syndrome** (also called **Lowe Syndrome**) is a rare genetic disorder in humans. It affects the eyes, the brain and the kidneys. It is also known as **Oculocerebrorenal syndrome**. People with lowe syndrome are born with cataracts, that is the lenses of their eyes are not totally clear. Many people with the syndrome develop kidney problems at an early age. The brain develops differently, the development of the child happens slower. Such children may often have learning difficulties. Epilepsy can also occur.

The disorder is caused by a gene defect on the X-chromosome. As a result, much more boys are affected than girls. The syndrome is named after Dr. Charles Lowe, who first described it in 1952. Its occurrence is about one case in half a million live births.
Rubicon

The **Rubicon** is a river that flows into the Adriatic Sea south of Ravenna, Italy. In the time of Julius Caesar, a river with this name was the border between the Roman province Gallia Cisalpina, and Italy, which was not a province at the time. The exact river Caesar referred to is unknown; the river that is known as _Rubicone_ today was selected and named by Benito Mussolini.
In Rainbows

***In Rainbows*** is the seventh album by the band Radiohead. It was released on 10 October 2007. It was released by the band as a download, and people were able to choose how much they wanted to pay for it. Later, it was released in physical forms (such as vinyl and CD).

## Track listing

All songs written by Radiohead.

1. "15 Step" – 3:58
1. "Bodysnatchers" – 4:02
1. "Nude" – 4:15
1. "Weird Fishes/Arpeggi" – 5:18
1. "All I Need" – 3:48
1. "Faust Arp" – 2:09
1. "Reckoner" – 4:50
1. "House of Cards" – 5:28
1. "Jigsaw Falling into Place" – 4:09
1. "Videotape" – 4:42

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: In Rainbows
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: Radiohead
- **recorded**: February 2005 – June 2007
- **genre**: * Art rock
* alternative rock
* experimental rock
*
* electronica
- **label**: * Self-publishing, Self-released
* XL Recordings, XL
- **producer**: Nigel Godrich
Niklas Bäckström

**Niklas Oskar Bäckström** (born February 13, 1978) is a Finnish professional ice hockey goaltender. He plays for the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played in the SM-liiga for HIFK, SaiPa and Kärpät and in the Elitserien for AIK. He won the William M. Jennings Trophy in 2007 along with Manny Fernandez. He also played for Finland at the 2006 Winter Olympics where he won a silver medal and at the 2010 Winter Olympics where he won a bronze medal.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Niklas Bäckström.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Bäckström with HIFK (ice hockey), HIFK in 2016
- **birth place**: Helsinki, Finland
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 197
- **position**: Goaltender
- **catches**: Left
- **played for**: HIFK (ice hockey), HIFK
SaiPa
AIK IF
Kärpät
Minnesota Wild
Calgary Flames
Tappara
- **ntl team**: Finland
- **career start**: 1996
- **career end**: 2019
Marcin Gortat

**Marcin Janusz Gortat** (born February 17, 1984 in Łódź, Poland) is a Polish basketball player who currently plays for the Phoenix Suns as a Power forward and Center.

He has also played for the Orlando Magic from 2008 to 2010 before being traded to the Phoenix Suns along with Vince Carter, Mickael Pietrus, a 2011 first-round draft pick, and $3 million for Hedo Türkoğlu, Jason Richardson, and Earl Clark.

Gortat is also the creator of the famous "Gortat Screen" a basketball play widely regarded as one of the most unstoppable moves, as Lebron James and JJ Redick said on the Mind The Game podcast

## Other websites

- Marcin Gortat's Official website
- Marcin Gortat's NBA player profile
Soulmate (song)

**"Soulmate"** is a 2007 song by the English singer and songwriter Natasha Bedingfield. The song was released during July 2007 in United Kingdom. It was not until late 2008 that this song was released in the United States. It got mixed to negative review from critics within the United Kingdom, though Soulmate did become commercial success. This song gained popularity in the U.S. after being played on an episode of MTV's _The Hills_.
Achterhoek

**Achterhoek** (Dutch Low Saxon: _Achterhook_) (literally in English: back-corner) is a region in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. It consists of the eastern part of Gelderland, behind the IJssel river, except for the southwestern part, which consists of the region of (De) Liemers. The Achterhoek region borders the Salland and Twente regions (both province of Overijssel) in the north and the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia in the (south)east.

The Achterhoek lies in the Dutch Low Saxon language area and has a dialect of his own called Achterhooks.

Another name for the Achterhoek is the County of Zutphen, which was historically connected to Guelders

Significant towns include Aalten, Borculo, Bredevoort, Doetinchem, Eibergen, Geesteren, Groenlo, Hengelo, Lichtenvoorde, Neede, Silvolde, Varsseveld, Vragender, Winterswijk, Zelhem, and Zutphen.

Doetinchem, Winterswijk and Zutphen are the largest towns in the Achterhoek.

## Municipalities

These 10 municipalities belong to the Achterhoek region:

- Aalten
- Berkelland
- Bronckhorst (small part in Liemers)
- Doesburg (partially in Liemers)
- Doetinchem (partially in Liemers)

- Lochem
- Oost Gelre
- Oude IJsselstreek (partially in Liemers)
- Winterswijk
- Zutphen

## Related pages

- Liemers
- Salland
- Twente

## References

- Plaatsengids.nl
Sally Kirkland

**Sally Kirkland** (October 31, 1941 – November 11, 2025) was an American movie and television actress. Kirkland was named after her mother. Her mother was a fashion editor for _Vogue_ and _LIFE_ magazines). She had small roles for 1970s movies (_The Sting_, _The Way We Were_ and _A Star is Born_). She also starred in many television roles in the soap operas _Valley of the Dolls_ and _Days of Our Lives_.

Kirkland was born in New York City.

Kirkland died under hospice care in Palm Springs, California on November 11, 2025 from problems caused by dementia at the age of 84.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Academy Awards afterparty CUN Sally Kirkland.jpg
- **caption**: at the 79th Annual Academy Awards Children Uniting Nations/Billboard afterparty
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Palm Springs, California, Palm Springs, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1960–2025
Magnus Johansson

**Magnus Johansson** (born September 4, 1973 in Linköping, Sweden) is an Swedish ice hockey defenceman for the Linköpings HC of the SHL where he is also the captain. He has also played in the NHL for the Chicago Blackhawks for 1 season and the Florida Panthers for 1 season before being signing a contract with the Atlant Moscow Oblast of the KHL and then retured back to Linköpings HC where he was named the team's captain.

## Other websites

- Magnus Johansson's NHL Player Page

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Magnus Johansson
- **image**: Magnus Johansson AIK-LHC 2013-12-03.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 11
- **weight lb**: 180
- **played for**: Linköpings HC
Frölunda HC
SCL Tigers
Chicago Blackhawks
Florida Panthers
Atlant Moscow Oblast
- **ntl team**: SWE
- **birth place**: Linköping, Sweden
- **career start**: 1990
- **career end**: 2015
- **draft**: Undrafted
Lorraine Bracco

**Lorraine Bracco** (born October 2, 1954) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Karen Hill in the 1990 movie _Goodfellas_ and Jennifer Melfi in the HBO series _The Sopranos_. She has also been in other movies, such as _Medicine Man_ and _The Basketball Diaries_.
Adolphe-Marie Hardy

**Adolphe-Marie Hardy** (23 May 1868 in Dison – 19 June 1954 in Laeken) was a Belgian writer first published in 1888  He rose to be a major figure in French literature.

Hardy was educated at Herve, before starting at the University of Louvain in 1886, studying law.  After getting his doctorate he returned to Dison, where he carried on his literary work as well as working as a lawyer.

Hardy was editor or assistant editor of several literary journals from 1900 onwards, including Rappel de Charleroi,  Dépêche de Liège and the Journal de Bruxelles.

In 1931 Hardy received the Grand Prix de Langue française from the French Academy. He was the first Belgian to win the prize, and he won it for his poem "Le Cortège des mois".
In 1935 he married Madeleine Verhelst. In 1940, they escaped to Issigeac, France. After his wife's death, in 1941, he married Germaine Van Den Boeck.

In May 1954 he was made a Freeman of the City of Dison, and died at Laeken on June 19 of that year.

Charles Ranhofer, chef at Delmonico's honoured Hardy early in his publishing career by naming a goose liver pate after him, and Ranhofer's book "The Epicurean", also lists a chicken dish, _Cotelettes De Poulet A La Adolphe Hardy_.

## Related pages

- List of foods named after people

## Other websites

- Friends of Adolphe Hardy
- Adolphe Hardy's House, Wallonia Tourist Office
Gnarls Barkley

_Not to be confused with Charles Barkley._

**Gnarls Barkley** is a music group with DJ and music producer Danger Mouse and American rapper Cee Lo Green. The group had a hit song in 2006 with _Crazy_. _Rolling Stone_ later named the song as one of the "Best Songs of the 2000s". Gnarls Barkley has released two albums: _St. Elsewhere_ in 2006, and _The Odd Couple_ in 2008.

## History

In 2006 Gnarls Barkley released their first album _St. Elsewhere_. It went straight to number one in the UK. The album's first single "Crazy" was the best-selling song of 2006 in the UK. The song won a Grammy Award for Best Urban/Alternative Performance in 2007. In 2008 Gnarls Barkley released their second album _The Odd Couple_. It had a less pop sound than their first album. It was nominated for the Grammy for Best Alternative Album.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Gnarls Barkley
- **img**: Gnarls Barkley.jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Atlanta, Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, United States
- **genre**: Neo-soul, alternative hip hop, alternative rock, soul music, soul
- **years active**: 2004–present
- **label**: Downtown Records, Downtown, Atlantic Records, Atlantic
- **current members**: Danger Mouse
Cee Lo Green
All Saints (group)

The **All Saints** are an English-Canadian pop group. They were founded in 1993. The members of All Saints are British Melanie Blatt, Shaznay Lewis and Canadian sisters Natalie and Nicole Appleton. The group were one of the most successful pop groups in the UK in the 1990s with nine Top 10 singles, two platinum albums and two gold albums. The groups biggest hit was the 1997 single _Never Ever_.

## Albums

- _All Saints_ (1997)
- _Saints & Sinners_ (2000)
- _Studio 1_ (2006)
- _Red Flag_ (2016)
- _Testament_ (2018)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: All Saints
- **image**: All Saints in 2007.jpg
- **caption**: All Saints performing in 2007. Clockwise from top left: Shaznay Lewis, Melanie Blatt, Natalie Appleton and Nicole Appleton.
- **background**: group_or_band
- **alias**: All Saints 1.9.7.5 <small>(1993–95)</small>
- **origin**: London, England, United Kingdom
- **current members**: Melanie Blatt
Shaznay Lewis
Nicole Appleton
Natalie Appleton
- **past members**: Simone Rainford
Oxygen difluoride

**Oxygen difluoride** is the chemical compound with the formula OF<sub>2</sub>. It has a V-shaped molecular structure like H<sub>2</sub>O, but has different properties. It is a strong oxidizer.

## Preparation

Oxygen difluoride was first prepared in 1929. It was made by the electrolysis of molten potassium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid. The chemicals had a small amount of moisture.   In the modern day, it is prepared by the reaction of fluorine with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. Sodium fluoride is left as a side-product:

- 2 F<sub>2</sub> + 2 NaOH →  OF<sub>2</sub> + 2 NaF + H<sub>2</sub>O

## Reactions

It is a very powerful oxidizing agent. This is proved by the oxidation number of +2 for the  oxygen atom. This oxidising number is quite unusual. Above 200 °C, OF<sub>2</sub> decomposes to oxygen and fluorine.

OF<sub>2</sub> reacts with many metals. It produces oxides and fluorides.  Nonmetals also react with it. Phosphorus reacts with OF<sub>2</sub> to form PF<sub>5</sub> and POF<sub>3</sub>. Sulfur produces SO<sub>2</sub> and SF<sub>4</sub> with it. A noble gas, xenon also reacts with it. It produces XeF<sub>4</sub> and xenon oxyfluorides.

Oxygen difluoride reacts very slowly with water to form hydrofluoric acid:
- OF<sub>2</sub> (aq) + H<sub>2</sub>O (aq) → 2 HF (aq) + O<sub>2</sub> (g)

Oxygen difluoride oxidizes sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide:
- OF<sub>2</sub> + SO<sub>2</sub> → SO<sub>3</sub> + F<sub>2</sub>
However, in the presence of UV radiation the products are sulfuryl fluoride, , and pyrosulfuryl fluoride, :

- OF<sub>2</sub> + 2 SO<sub>2</sub> →

## Safety

OF<sub>2</sub> is a dangerous chemical. This is because it is highly oxidising.

## Other websites

- National Pollutant Inventory - Fluoride and compounds fact sheet
- WebBook page for OF<sub>2</sub>
Phosphorus pentafluoride

**Phosphorus pentafluoride**, PF<sub>5</sub>, is a phosphorus halide. It's a colorless gas at room temperature and pressure. It can be formed when OF<sub>2</sub> reacts with phosphorus.
Alexander Urbom

**Alexander Urbom** (born December 20, 1990) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for EC Red Bull Salzburg of the ICE Hockey League (ICEHL).

He has also played for New Jersey Devils and Washington Capitals in the National Hockey League (NHL), with Djurgårdens IF and Skellefteå AIK in the Elitserien/Swedish Hockey League (SEL/SHL), Severstal Cherepovets of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), and Düsseldorfer EG of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).

He was drafted by the New Jersey Devils in the third round, 73rd overall, in the 2009 NHL Draft.

## Career statistics

|colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Regular season|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Playoffs||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2007–08|Djurgårdens IF|J20 Superelit|39|3|8|11|54|7|0|1|1|2|
|2008–09|Djurgårdens IF|SEL|28|0|0|0|2|—|—|—|—|—|
|2008–09|Djurgårdens IF|J20 Superelit|16|5|6|11|45|—|—|—|—|—|
|2009–10|Brandon Wheat Kings|WHL|66|12|21|33|87|15|4|3|7|17|

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Alexander Urbom 2013.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Urbom in 2013
- **team**: EC Red Bull Salzburg
- **league**: ICE Hockey League, ICEHL
- **team**: Albany Devils
- **former teams**: Djurgårdens IF Hockey, Djurgårdens IF
New Jersey Devils
Washington Capitals
Severstal Cherepovets
Skellefteå AIK
Düsseldorfer EG
- **position**: Defenceman (ice hockey), Defence
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 4
- **weight lb**: 205
- **birth place**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **draft**: 73rd overall
- **draft year**: 2009
- **draft team**: New Jersey Devils
- **career start**: 2008
Daniel Tetrault

**Daniel Tetrault** (born September 4, 1979) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman for the Wichita Thunder of the Central Hockey League. He won the Central Hockey League Most Outstanding Defenseman in the 2001-02 CHL season.

## Career statistics

|colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Regular season|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Playoffs||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1995-96|Brandon Wheat Kings|WHL|72|6|13|19|91|19|1|1|2|25|
|1996-97|Brandon Wheat Kings|WHL|64|5|24|29|136|6|0|0|0|14|
|1997-98|Brandon Wheat Kings|WHL|16|2|3|5|32|18|0|5|5|25|
|1998-99|Brandon Wheat Kings|WHL|57|10|36|46|91|4|0|0|0|9|
|1999-00|Brandon Wheat Kings|WHL|31|4|10|14|43|—|—|—|—|—|
|2000-01|Austin Ice Bats|WPHL|64|15|23|38|76|4|0|1|1|2|
|2001-02|Bridgeport Sound Tigers|AHL|6|0|1|1|0|—|—|—|—|—|
|2001-02|Austin Ice Bats|CHL|58|11|32|43|108|15|3|4|7|18|
|2002-03|Trenton Titans|ECHL|39|6|12|8|38|1|0|0|0|0|
|2002-03|Bridgeport Sound Tigers|AHL|28|0|3|3|47|—|—|—|—|—|
|2003-04|Austin Ice Bats|CHL|41|9|14|23|40|—|—|—|—|—|
|2003-04|New Mexico Scorpions|CHL|14|2|2|4|9|—|—|—|—|—|
|2004-05|New Mexico Scorpions|CHL|60|6|20|26|38|—|—|—|—|—|
|2005-06|Wichita Thunder|CHL|64|15|42|57|129|5|0|5|5|15|
|2006-07|Wichita Thunder|CHL|54|11|28|39|69|6|1|0|1|15|
|2007-08|Wichita Thunder|CHL|64|7|25|32|101|—|—|—|—|—|
|2008-09|Port Huron Icehawks|IHL|70|8|29|37|62|6|1|3|4|13|
|2009-10|Port Huron Icehawks|IHL|65|9|36|45|60|7|1|2|3|6|
Silas Marner

***Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe*** is a novel by George Eliot. It is her third novel. It was first published in 1861. It tells the story of Silas Marner, a lonely linen weaver.

## Other websites

- _Silas Marner_, online at Project Gutenberg
- _Silas Marner_ , online at Ye Olde Library
- _Silas Marner_ , complete unabridged book at sparknotes.com
- _Silas Marner_ Cliff Notes
- _Silas Marner_ audio book at Librivox
- _Silas Marner - Stage Version_
- Discussion of _Silas Marner_ on BBC Radio 4's _In Our Time_

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe
- **image**: Silas Marner 1.jpg
- **caption**: First edition title page.
- **author**: George Eliot
- **country**: England
- **language**: English language, English
- **publisher**: William Blackwood and Sons
- **release date**: April 1861
- **media type**: Print
Robbie Neale

**Robbie Neale** (born April 17, 1953) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey forward who played in the World Hockey Association.

## Career statistics

|colspan="3"  bgcolor="#ffffff"||rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Regular season|rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"||colspan="5"|Playoffs||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1970–71|Brandon Wheat Kings|WCHL|62|24|35|59|125|—|—|—|—|—|
|1971–72|Brandon Wheat Kings|WCHL|65|53|73|126|54|—|—|—|—|—|
|1972–73|Brandon Wheat Kings|WCHL|67|41|57|98|94|—|—|—|—|—|
|1973–74|Cleveland Crusaders|WHA|43|8|9|17|30|5|0|0|0|4|
|1974–75|Cape Codders|NAHL|50|27|25|52|52|4|1|1|2|10|
|1974–75|Cleveland Crusaders|WHA|9|1|3|4|4|—|—|—|—|—|
|1974–75|Winnipeg Jets|WHA|7|0|2|2|4|—|—|—|—|—|
|1975–76|Cape Codders|NAHL|44|30|47|77|51|—|—|—|—|—|
|1975–76|Erie Blades|NAHL|24|20|22|42|20|5|4|2|6|18|
|1976–77|Erie Blades|NAHL|56|35|31|66|64|6|2|4|6|12|
|1977–78|Cranbrook Royals|WIHL|?|23|25|48|102|—|—|—|—|—|

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **played for**: **World Hockey Association, WHA**
Cleveland Crusaders
Winnipeg Jets (1972–96), Winnipeg Jets
- **position**: Forward (ice hockey), Forward
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 190
- **birth place**: Winnipeg, Manitoba, MB, Canada, CAN
- **draft**: 43rd overall
- **draft year**: 1973
- **draft team**: Detroit Red Wings
- **wha draft**: 36th overall
- **wha draft year**: 1973
- **wha draft team**: Cleveland Crusaders
- **career start**: 1973
- **career end**: 1975
Rapid City Rush

The **Rapid City Rush** are an American professional ice hockey team. They began playing in 2008 in the Central Hockey League (CHL). The team now plays in the ECHL. They play their home games at The Monument in Rapid City, South Dakota. They are the ECHL affiliate for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). They are also the affiliates for the Calgary Wranglers of the American Hockey League (AHL).

In 2014, the CHL would end up going out of business. In October 2014, the Rush, Allen Americans, Brampton Beast, Missouri Mavericks, Quad City Mallards, Tulsa Oilers and Wichita Thunder would all be accepted as new teams in the ECHL.
Mitläufer

**Mitläufer** is a German term (plural: _Mitläufer_) used in the denazification proceedings in West Germany after World War II to describe people who supported Nazism without directly participating in Nazi atrocities such as genocide.  _Mitläufer_ is usually translated in English as either "fellow-traveler" or "hanger-on".

## Other websites

http://www.woxikon.com/wort/mitl%C3%A4ufer.php
Freiherr

**Freiherr** was a title of nobility used in German speaking countries.  Its equivalent in English is _Baron_.

Since the end of the German Empire titles of nobility have not been allowed, but are still used, as if they were part of the name.

In Austria the use of titles, even as names, is illegal.
Dresdner Bank

**Dresdner Bank AG** was one of Germany's largest banking corporations and was based in Frankfurt. It was formed in 1872, and bought by competitor Commerzbank in December 2009.

## History

Dresdner Bank was established in 1872.  It moved its headquarters to Berlin in 1884, although its registered office stayed in Dresden until 1950.

By 1900, Dresdner Bank had the largest German branch network. During the First World War, the London branch was forced to close; however, the overall branch network expanded.

After the banking crisis in 1931 the Weimar Republic owned 66%  Dresdner Bank shares. Its deputy director was Dr Schacht, Minister of Economy under Nazism. The Bank was reprivatised in 1937.

During World War II, Dresdner Bank controlled various banks in countries under German occupation.

The introduction of the Deutsche Mark in 1948 helped return banking to normality.

Dresdner Bank expanded its network with acquisition and opening new offices not only in Europe but also in the United States, Singapore, Canada, Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, and China. Dresdner Bank was the first to open its own office in former East Germany in Dresden in 2 January 1990.

In 2002 Dresdner Bank became a wholly owned subsidiary of the insurance corporation Allianz. Allianz sold Dresdner Bank, which was legally merged with Commerzbank on 11 May 2009 and ceased to be an independent company.

### Hitler's Germany

Dresdner Bank was known as the bank of choice for Heinrich Himmler's SS.

The bank took part early on in the Third Reich's policy of confiscating Jewish property and wealth. The bank helped to finance concentration camps, including Auschwitz.

The bank was closely involved in the occupation of Europe, "essentially acting as the bank of the SS in Poland".

### Matthias Warnig's involvement

Dresdner Bank attempted to get a banking operating licence in Saint Petersburg, where former KGB agent Vladimir Putin was in charge of foreign economic relations. Dresdner Bank appointed Matthias Warnig, a former Stasi agent and Vladimir Putin's former KGB contact , to negotiate with Putin. The office was opened in 1991. Warnig became Chairman of the Board of Directors of Dresdner Bank ZAO, Dresdner Bank Russian subsidiary.

The bank has had a lucrative business relationship with Gazprom and the state oil company Rosneft. The bank was also involved in the controversial  forced sale of Yukos assets.
New York Daily News

The ***New York Daily News*** is a daily tabloid newspaper. It is published in New York City. As of a 2009 study by BurrellesLuce , a media relations measurement service, it is the fifth most-widely distributed daily newspaper in the United States, publishing and selling.  The original _New York Daily News_ was started by Benjamin Wood, but the business fell after his death. Joseph Medill Patterson went onto create a newspaper of the same name in 1919, it was America's first official tabloid journal. The paper has won 10 Pulitzer Prizes.
LoveGame

"**LoveGame**" is a song by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga. It was released from her 2008 debut album, _The Fame_. It is the second song on the album.  "LoveGame" was the third single from _The Fame_ to be released in North America. The video for the song was banned by MTV Arabia.

The song reached number five on the _Billboard_ Hot 100 and number two on the Canadian Hot 100.  The song was planned to be the third single released in the UK, but "Paparazzi" was released instead because of “LoveGame”'s music video and controversial lyrics.  "LoveGame" managed to become Gaga's third number-one song on _Billboard_'s Mainstream Top 40/Pop Songs radio chart.

## Music video

The video depicts Gaga dancing in a garage surrounded by cars and dancers.  She rides in a subway car and performs choreography.  The video is known for its sexual content.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: LoveGame
- **border**: yes
- **artist**: Lady Gaga
- **album**: The Fame
- **released**: March 23, 2009
- **recorded**: 2008 Record Plant and Chalice Recording Studios
<small>(Hollywood, Los Angeles, California)</small>
- **length**: 3:33
- **producer**: RedOne
- **prev title**: Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)
- **prev year**: 2009
- **next title**: Chillin (Wale song), Chillin
- **next year**: 2009
Hurricane Gracie

**Hurricane Gracie** was a major hurricane in September of 1959. This hurricane moved erratically for five days before making landfall over South Carolina as a strong Category 3 hurricane. Gracie caused $14 million in damage (1959 USD). Twenty-two people died due to this storm.

It is unknown whether or not the name _Gracie_ was retired.
Tabloid

The term **tabloid** is used to describe newspapers or magazines with pages smaller than regular journals, although there is no standard for the exact dimensions of a tabloid. It is also used (sometimes inappropriately or as an insult) to describe a newspaper that sensationalizes news stories, often with a focus on personalities and gossip, and much less detailed coverage of topics such as politics and economics than is offered by newspapers regarded as more serious. Tabloids usually include more "celebrity" news than political.

## Related pages

- Yellow journalism
Paraná Association of Electrical Engineers

**The Paraná Association of Electrical Engineers** () exists to promote scientific and technological development and to protect the interests of professional electrical engineering, such as: Electrical, Electronics, Telecommunications, Computer, Automation, of the state of Paraná, Brazil. It is a nonprofit organization.

It was founded on August 2, 1984, in Curitiba, capital of Paraná.
Sissy Spacek

**Mary Elizabeth "Sissy" Spacek** (born December 25, 1949) is an American actress and singer. She played Carrie White in the 1976 movie _Carrie_. She also played country singer Loretta Lynn in the 1980 movie _Coal Miner's Daughter_. Spacek is known mainly as a dramatic actress, but she has acted in comedies. She was born in Quitman, Texas.
Valerie Plame

**Valerie Elise Plame Wilson**, known simply as **Valerie Plame**, is a former officer of the Central Intelligence Agency, politician and the author of two books related to her career. Her identity was revealed to public on July 14, 2003; that ended Plame's career with the CIA, from which she resigned around December 2005.

In May 2019, Plame announced her plans to run for the United States House of Representatives for New Mexico's 3rd congressional district. She lost the primary for the Democratic nomination on June 3, 2020.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Valerie Plame Wilson
- **birth name**: Valerie Elise Plame
- **birth place**: Anchorage, Alaska
- **image**: Valerie plame wilson 2014.jpg
- **image size**: 225px
- **caption**: Plame at the 2014 Texas Book Festival
- **occupation**: Central Intelligence Agency, CIA officer <small>(1985–2005)</small>, politician
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **alma mater**: Pennsylvania State University
College of Europe
London School of Economics
- **genre**: Autobiography, Memoir, Political criticism
- **notableworks**: _Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House_
- **spouse**: Joseph C. Wilson <small>(1998–2017)</small>
Todd Sesler <small>(1987–1989)</small>
- **children**: Two <small>(with Wilson)</small>
Paul Menard

**Paul Menard** (born August 21, 1980 in Eau Claire, Wisconsin) is an American racecar driver. Menard drives the No. 21 Ford Mustang for Wood Brothers Racing in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, and runs part-time for Team Penske in the NASCAR Xfinity Series. Menard won the 2006 AT&T 250 (now NorthernTool.com 250) in the Nationwide Series.

Menard won his first NASCAR Sprint Cup race, the Brickyard 400, on July 31, 2011 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Menard is the son of home improvement store magnate John Menard.

## Other websites

- Paul Menard's NASCAR profile
Valerie Bertinelli

**Valerie Anne Bertinelli** (born April 23, 1960) is an American actress and television personality. She is known for her roles as Barbara Cooper Royer on the sitcom _One Day at a Time_ (1975–84), Gloria on the religious drama series _Touched by an Angel_ (2001–03) and Melanie Moretti on the sitcom _Hot in Cleveland_ (2010–15). Since 2015, she has hosted the cooking shows _Valerie's Home Cooking_ and _Kids Baking Championship_ on Food Network.

## Early life

Bertinelli was born in Wilmington, Delaware to Nancy (née Carvin) and Andrew Bertinelli, a General Motors executive. Her father is of Italian descent and her mother is of English descent. She has three brothers: David, Patrick and Drew. She had an elder brother, Mark, who died at 17 months from an accidental poisoning before she was born. Because of her father's career, the family frequently moved.  Over various periods, they lived in Claymont, Delaware; Clarkston, Michigan; Shreveport, Louisiana; Oklahoma City and the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles, California, where Bertinelli studied acting at the Tami Lynn School of Artists. She attended Granada Hills High School. She was raised Roman Catholic.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Valerie Bertinelli
- **image**: ValerieBertinelliHWOFAug2012.jpg
- **imagesize**: 240px
- **caption**: Bertinelli receiving a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in August 2012
- **birth name**: Valerie Anne Bertinelli
- **birth place**: Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, spokesperson
- **yearsactive**: 1971–present
- **spouse**:

- **children**: Wolfgang Van Halen
Designing Women

***Designing Women*** was an American television sitcom. It starred Dixie Carter, Annie Potts, Jean Smart and Delta Burke. It was broadcast from September 1986 to May 1993 on CBS. This series was about the working and personal lives of four southern women.

## Nielsen ratings

|**Season**|**Ratings Rank**|**Households**|
| --- | --- | --- |
|1986–1987|No. 31|14,071,400|
|1987–1988|No. 33|13,874,760|
|1988–1989|No. 33|13,541,920|
|1989–1990|# 23|14,091,300|
|1990–1991|# 11|15,361,500|
|1991–1992|# 6|15,933,300|
|1992–1993|No. 52|9,552,060|

## DVD releases

Shout! Factory has released all seven seasons of _Designing Women_ on DVD in Region 1.

|DVD Name|Ep #|Release Date||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|The Complete First Season|style="text-align:center;"|22|May 26, 2009|
|The Complete Second Season|style="text-align:center;"|22|August 11, 2009|
|The Complete Third Season|style="text-align:center;"|22|March 2, 2010|
|The Complete Fourth Season|style="text-align:center;"|29|September 14, 2010|
|The Complete Fifth Season|style="text-align:center;"|24|December 6, 2011|
|The Complete Sixth Season|style="text-align:center;"|23|April 3, 2012|
|The Final Season|style="text-align:center;"|22|July 17, 2012|

## Other websites

- _Designing Women Online_
- http://www.tvacres.com/homes_designing.htm

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: approx. 30 minutes (with commercials)
- **creator**: Linda Bloodworth-Thomason
- **company**: Bloodworth-Thomason
Mozark Productions
Columbia Pictures Television
- **starring**: Dixie Carter
Annie Potts
Jean Smart (Seasons 1–6)
Delta Burke (Seasons 1–5)
Meshach Taylor (Seasons 3–7; recurring previously)
Julia Duffy (Season 6)
Jan Hooks (Seasons 6–7)
Judith Ivey (Season 7)
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **network**: CBS
- **num seasons**: 7
- **num episodes**: 163
- **list episodes**: List of Designing Women episodes
Spiritual séance

**Spiritual séance** or, simply, **Séance** is a meeting at which a group of people often including a medium attempts to contact a ghost and communicate with it.  Participants of such meeting need not be seated while engaged in a séance.

One of the earliest books on the subject is _Communitation With the Other Side_ by George, First Baron Lyttelton, published in England in 1760.

Some notable people who attended séances and believed in all that include the United States President Abraham Lincoln, and his wife Mary Todd Lincoln; the social reformer Robert Owen; the journalist and pacifist William Thomas Stead, and more.

Scientists who have conducted a search for real séances and believed that contact with the dead is a reality include the evolutionary biologist Alfred Russel Wallace, the inventor of telephone Alexander Graham Bell, and the inventor of television technology John Logie Baird, who claimed to have contacted the spirit of the inventor Thomas Edison, and more.

## Related pages

- Spiritualism
- Spiritism

## Other websites

- A Séance Procedure (courtesy of the Other World Society)
- Ghostsandstories.com Ghost stories and haunted places.
- Your Ghost Stories People sharing their ghost experiences.
Murray–Darling basin

The **Murray-Darling Basin** is an area in Australia around the Murray and Darling Rivers.   Three million Australians inside and outside the basin are directly dependent on its water.

About 6 per cent of Australia's total rainwater falls into the Murray-Darling Basin. About 85 per cent of all irrigation in Australia takes place in the basin, which supports an agricultural industry worth more than $9 billion per annum.

The Murray-Darling Basin covers  or approximately one-seventh (14%) of the total area of Australia.

Over two million people live in the Basin.
Buick Regal

The **Buick Regal** is a mid-size automobile that is built by General Motors's Buick brand. The Buick Regal has had five generations, the newest one in 2011. The assembly for the car's are in Shanghai, China, Rüsselsheim, Germany and Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. Prior to the fifth generation Buick Regal was strictly front-wheel drive, beginning with the fifth generation all-wheel drive (AWD) became an option. From 1974-2003 certain generations shared the same frame and design with the Buick Century, in 1997 the Regal was released with a new design making it a more upscale version of the Century. The only changes were the grille and interior.

## Other websites

- Buick Regal at GM.ca

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Buick Regal
- **image**: Buick Regal P4250792.jpg
- **manufacturer**: General Motors
- **production**: North America: 1973–2004; 2011–present
China: 1999–present
- **class**: Mid-size luxury Sedan (automobile), sedan
- **platform**: GM Epsilon platform
- **related**: Buick LaCrosse
Opel Insignia
- **predecessor**: Saturn Aura
Pontiac G6
- **successor**: Buick LaCrosse (2005)(CXL/CXS)
Bucky Covington

**William Joel "Bucky" Covington III** (born November 8, 1977 in Rockingham, North Carolina) is an American country music singer and songwriter.

Covington was part of the 5th season of _American Idol_ where he placed eighth.

Covington released his debut album, _Bucky Covington_, in 2007.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Bucky Covington_ (2007)
- _Good Guys_ (2012)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Bucky Covington
- **img**: Bucky Covington.jpg
- **img capt**: Bucky Covington in 2010.
- **birth place**: Rockingham, North Carolina
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: William Joel Covington III
- **origin**: Laurinburg, North Carolina, Rockingham, North Carolina, United States
- **occupation**: Singer, Songwriter
- **genre**: Country music, Country
- **years active**: 2006–present
- **label**: Lyric Street, E1 Music
- **associated acts**: Darryl Worley
- **url**: [https://www.buckycovingtonmusic.com/ Official website]
Mileage

The term "**mileage**" refers to distance traveled. It often refers to distance per unit of fuel, such as **miles per gallon** (mpg) or **litres per 100 kilometres** (L/100 km). In the U.S., the fuel efficiency of motorized vehicles (such as cars, trucks, or motorcycles) is measured in mpg, as miles per U.S. gallon of gasoline. However, in the UK, the fuel efficiency is often measured in litres of fuel used per 100 kilometres, or in miles per imperial gallon.

## Related pages

- U.S. customary units
- imperial units
Patsy Cline

**Patsy Cline** (born **Virginia Patterson Hensley**; September 8, 1932 – March 5, 1963) was an American country music singer.

Some of Cline's greatest known hits were "She's Got You," "I Fall to Pieces," "Walkin' After Midnight," "Sweet Dreams," and "Crazy".

In 1973, Cline was named to the Country Music Hall of Fame. This was after she had died. She was the first woman to enter the Country Music Hall of Fame.

She died on March 5, 1963 in a plane crash near Camden, Tennessee. She is buried at Shenandoah Memorial Park in Winchester, Virginia.

## Related pages

- List of country musicians from Virginia

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **website**: [https://www.patsymuseum.com/ patsymuseum.com]


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Patsy Cline
- **image**: Patsy Cline 1960 publicity portrait - cropped.jpg
- **caption**: Cline in a publicity portrait for Decca Records, 1960
- **birth name**: Virginia Patterson Hensley
- **birth place**: Winchester, Virginia, U.S.
- **death place**: Camden, Tennessee, U.S.
- **death cause**: 1963 Camden PA-24 crash, Plane crash
- **resting place**: Shenandoah Memorial Park, Winchester, Virginia, U.S.
- **years active**: 1948–1963
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 2
Daniel Nathans

**Daniel Nathans** (October 30, 1928 - November 16, 1999) was an American biologist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1978. His parents were both Russian Jews who came to the U.S for a better life.

Daniel Nathans parents, Samuel and Sarah Nathans met each other in the U.S and were married in Philadelphia in 1910. Sarah Nathans (Daniel’s mother) came to the U.S from Russia when she was 18 years old. Samuel Nathans (Daniel’s father) came to the U.S when he was a teenager. Daniel was born on October 30, 1928. He was the last of nine children in his family. He attended the University of Delaware in 1950 and earned a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry. He then attended the Washington University in St. Louis and earned a Master's Degree in 1954.

In 1978, he won a Nobel Prize with Werner Arber and Hamilton Smith for finding restriction enzymes. He won a National Medal of Science in 1993. Nathans died on November 16, 1999 at the age of 71.

## Other websites

- http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1978/nathans-autobio.html
- http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/nathans.html

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Daniel Nathans
- **birth date**: October 30, 1928 in Wilmington, Delaware
- **death date**: November 16, 1999
- **spouse**: Joanne Gomberg
- **education**: Washington University in St. Louis, University of Delaware
- **awards**: Nobel Prize in Medicine (1978)
National Medal of Science (1993)
Chris Bosh

**Christopher Wesson Bosh** (born March 24, 1984 in Dallas, Texas) is an American former professional basketball player. He attended college at Georgia Tech where he played basketball. Chris Bosh started his NBA career when he was drafted by the Toronto Raptors in the 2003 NBA Draft with the 4th pick in the 1st round. Bosh would play 7 seasons with the Raptors becoming a star player before doing a sign-and-trade deal with the Miami Heat after the 2009–10 NBA season.

## Other websites

- Chris Bosh's Official website
Fiat Cinquecento

The **Fiat Cinquecento** is a car produced by Fiat, introduced in 1991 and produced in Poland. It launched in the UK in June 1993 and was replaced by the Fiat Seicento in 1998. A fictional version called the Hawaii became famous in the British sitcom The Inbetweeners.

## Engines

- _Cinquecento ED_ 22 kW (30 hp)
- _Cinquecento_ 29 kW (40 hp)
- _Cinquecento Sporting_ 40 kW (54 hp)
Bowers Coaches

**Bowers Coaches** was a bus operator based in Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire.

It operated local bus services centered around the towns of Buxton, Glossop and New Mills. The company specialised in local bus services and the service area covers the High Peak Borough and some surrounding areas such as the town of Marple in Stockport and Ashbourne in the Derbyshire Dales.

The company became 'defunct' on 1 April 2012 as it combined with Trent Barton to form High Peak.
American Civil Liberties Union

The **American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)** is a group of two non-profit organizations that fight for what they believe are important civil liberties issues. It was started in 1920 by Crystal Eastman, Roger Nash Baldwin, and Walter Nelles.

ACLU affiliates are active in all 50 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico.

Some issues that are important to the ACLU are the First Amendment to the United States Constitution (which says that people have free speech and freedom of religion, as well as other rights), privacy, the right of people to be treated fairly if they are accused of a crime and arrested, and the right for everybody to be treated the same under the law.

One way the ACLU tries to reach its goals is by helping people in court whom it believes are not being treated fairly by the law. The ACLU has lawyers that file lawsuits for people it represents. The ACLU also tries to change laws by teaching people about issues and by lobbying the government about what it believes.

## Controversy

Some people in the United States disagree with the ACLU. Some conservatives do not like that the ACLU believes that people have the right to an abortion and that it believes in the separation of church and state. Also, some of the people or groups that the ACLU has represented in court have been unpopular, such as the Westboro Baptist Church, which is famous for protesting the funerals of American soldiers who died at war.

## Infobox (organization)

- **logo**: New ACLU Logo 2017.svg
Louise Henriette de Bourbon

**Louise Henriette de Bourbon** (20 June 1726 – 9 February 1759) was Duchess of Orléans and the mother of Philippe Égalité. By birth and marriage she held the prestigious rank of a Princess of the blood.

## Background

Louise Henriette was born in Paris the only daughter of Louis Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti and Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon. In her youth she was known at court as _Mademoiselle de Conti_ and had been bought up in a convent.

## Marriage

One of Louise Henriette's cousins, Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, grandson of Louis XIV, had proposed marriage to her, but her mother's choice fell upon the Duke of Chartres. As a result on 17 December 1743, aged of seventeen, Louise Henriette married her second cousin Louis Philippe d'Orléans at Versailles.

The Duke of Chartres' father, Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, known as the _Pious_, accepted her as she had had a religious upbringing however after a passionate beginning, Louise Henriette's scandalous behaviour caused the couple to break up. She later had an affair with the Count of Melfort after the birth of her son. Her son later said that he was in fact the illegitimate son of the Count of Melfort but this was ignored as he looked so much like his father.

## Death

Louise Henriette died on 9 February 1759 at the age of thirty-two, with her husband and children at her side, at the Palais-Royal, the Orléans residence in Paris. Her premature death was a consequence, it was said, of her debaucheries.

After her death, her husband had several mistresses, ultimately finding the love of his life, the witty but married marquise de Montesson, whom he married after she became a widow.

## Children

1. A daughter (13 July 1745 – 14 December 1745).
1. Philippe d'Orléans (13 April 1747, – 6 November 1793) married Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon and had children.
1. Bathilde d'Orléans (9 July 1750 – 10 January 1822) married Louis Henri, Prince of Condé and had children.

### Titles and styles

- **20 June 1726 – 17 December 1743** _Her Serene Highness_ Mademoiselle de Conti_
- **17 December 1743 – 4 February 1752** _Her Serene Highness_ The Duchess of Chartres
- **4 February 1752 – 9 February 1759** _Her Serene Highness'' The Duchess of Orléans

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Louise Henriette de Bourbon
- **title**: Duchess of Orléans
- **image**: Nattier - The Spring (La Source) traditionally identified as Louise Henriette de Bourbon - MET.jpg
- **caption**: Louise Henriette in 1743 by Jean-Marc Nattier
- **full name**: Louise Henriette de Bourbon
- **spouse**: Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, Louis Philippe d'Orléans
- **issue**: Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Philippe, Duke of Orléans
Bathilde d'Orléans, Bathilde, Duchess of Bourbon
- **royal house**: House of Bourbon
- **father**: Louis Armand II, Prince of Conti, Louis Armand de Bourbon
- **mother**: Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Palais-Royal, Paris, France
- **burial place**: Val-de-Grâce, Paris
- **signature**: Louise Henriette de Bourbon signature 1749.jpg