Theloderma

***Theloderma***, the **bug-eyed frogs**, **mossy frogs**, or **warty frogs**, is a genus of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae, subfamily Rhacophorinae. They live in northeastern India and southern China, through Southeast Asia, to the Greater Sunda Islands; the highest species richness is in Indochina. Some species, especially _T. corticale_, can live in captivity, with humans.

They are small and medium-sized frogs with maximum snout–vent lengths that range from . Their skin can be smooth or it can have warts or bumps on it. Some of the species look very different from each other, but most have good camouflage: Their colors make them look like plants or bird droppings so that animals that want to eat them cannot see them.

Scientists do not know much about what these frogs do, but they eat small animals without bones, for example insects. Scientists have seen some of these species lay eggs in small pools of water in holes in trees, in bamboo, or in karst rocks. The female lays 4–20 eggs just above the water. After about one to two weeks they hatch into tadpoles that fall into the water. They become small frogs after a few months or a year.

## Species and taxonomy

The sister taxon of _Theloderma_ is _Nyctixalus_. Scientists have changed their minds about exactly which species should be in the genus _Theloderma_ and which in _Nyctixalus_, especially with _Theloderma moloch_. Today both AmphibiaWeb and Amphibian Species of the World say the two genera are both good.

Amphibian Species of the World says there are 26 species in the genus _Theloderma_:

- _Theloderma albopunctatum_ <small>(Liu and Hu, 1962)</small>
- _Theloderma annae_ <small>Nguyen, Pham, Nguyen, Ngo, and Ziegler, 2016</small>
- _Theloderma asperum_ <small>(Boulenger, 1886)</small>
- _Theloderma auratum_ <small>Poyarkov, Kropachev, Gogoleva, and Orlov, 2018</small>
- _Theloderma baibengense_ <small>(Jiang, Fei, and Huang, 2009)</small>
- _Theloderma bicolor_ <small>(Bourret, 1937)</small>
- _Theloderma corticale_ <small>(Boulenger, 1903)</small>
- _Theloderma gordoni_ <small>Taylor, 1962</small>
- _Theloderma horridum_ <small>(Boulenger, 1903)</small>
- _Theloderma lacustrinum_ <small>Sivongxay, Davankham, Phimmachak, Phoumixay, and Stuart, 2016</small>
- _Theloderma laeve_ <small>(Smith, 1924)</small>
- _Theloderma lateriticum_ <small>Bain, Nguyen, and Doan, 2009</small>
- _Theloderma leporosum_ <small>Tschudi, 1838</small>
- _Theloderma licin_ <small>McLeod and Norhayati, 2007</small>
- _Theloderma moloch_ <small>(Annandale, 1912)</small>
- _Theloderma nagalandense_ <small>Orlov, Dutta, Ghate, and Kent, 2006</small>
- _Theloderma nebulosum_ <small>Rowley, Le, Hoang, Dau, and Cao, 2011</small>
- _Theloderma palliatum_ <small>Rowley, Le, Hoang, Dau, and Cao, 2011</small>
- _Theloderma petilum_ <small>(Stuart and Heatwole, 2004)</small>
- _Theloderma phrynoderma_ <small>(Ahl, 1927)</small>
- _Theloderma pyaukkya_ <small>Dever, 2017</small>
- _Theloderma rhododiscus_ <small>(Liu and Hu, 1962)</small>
- _Theloderma ryabovi_ <small>Orlov, Dutta, Ghate, and Kent, 2006</small>
- _Theloderma stellatum_ <small>Taylor, 1962</small>
- _Theloderma truongsonense_ <small>(Orlov and Ho, 2005)</small>
- _Theloderma vietnamense_<small> Poyarkov, Orlov, Moiseeva, Pawangkhanant, Ruangsuwan, Vassilieva, Galoyan, Nguyen, and Gogoleva, 2015</small>
- _Theloderma khoii_ Ninh, Nguyen, Nguyen, Hoang, Siliyavong, Nguyen, Le, Le & Ziegler, 2022