Ichthyophiidae

**Ichthyophiidae** is the family of **Asiatic tailed caecilians** or **fish caecilians**. They are found in south-east Asia.

They are primitive caecilians. They do not have some of the features found in the other families. For example, the mouth is not back underneath the head, they have tails, and have many scales on their body. They have two sets of muscles for closing the jaw.  This is a feature unique to caecilians, but absent in the related family Rhinatrematidae.

They lay their eggs in small holes in moist soil.  The eggs hatch into larvae.  They live in streams or underground seepages.  They the change into adults. There is some evidence that the female may protect the eggs until they hatch.

## Taxonomy

Family **Ichthyophiidae**
- Genus _Caudacaecilia_
    - _Caudacaecilia asplenia_ - Broad-striped Caecilian
    - _Caudacaecilia larutensis_ - Larut Hills Caecilian
    - _Caudacaecilia nigroflava_ - Kuala Lumpur Caecilian
    - _Caudacaecilia paucidentula_ - Kapahiang Caecilian
    - _Caudacaecilia weberi_ - Malatgan River Caecilian
- Genus _Ichthyophis_
    - _Ichthyophis acuminatus_ - Elongate-headed Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis alfredii_
    - _Ichthyophis atricollaris_ - Long Bloee Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis bannanicus_ - Banna Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis beddomei_ - Yellow-striped Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis bernisi_ - Indonesian Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis biangularis_ - Angular Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis billitonensis_ - Billiton Island Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis daribokensis_
    - _Ichthyophis bombayensis_ - Bombay Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis davidi_
    - _Ichthyophis dulitensis_ - Mount Dulit Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis elongatus_ - Elongated Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis garoensis_
    - _Ichthyophis glandulosus_ - Basilan Island Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis glutinosus_ - Ceylon Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis humphreyi_ - Humphrey's Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis husaini_ - Husain's Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis hypocyaneus_ - Bantam Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis javanicus_ - Javan Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis khumhzi_
    - _Ichthyophis kodaguensis_ - Kodagu Striped Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis kohtaoensis_ - Koa Tao Island Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis laosensis_ - Upper Laos Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis longicephalus_ - Long-headed Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis malabarensis_ - Malabar Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis mindanaoensis_ - Mindanao Island Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis monochrous_ - Western Borneo Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis moustakius_
    - _Ichthyophis orthoplicatus_ - Pattipola Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis paucisulcus_ - Siantar Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis peninsularis_
    - _Ichthyophis pseudangularis_ - Taylor's Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis sendenyu_
    - _Ichthyophis sikkimensis_ - Sikkimese Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis singaporensis_ - Singapore Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis subterrestris_
    - _Ichthyophis sumatranus_ - Sumatran Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis supachaii_ - Supachai's Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis tricolor_ - Three-coloured Caecilian
    - _Ichthyophis youngorum_ - Doi Suthep Caecilian
- Genus _Uraeotyphlus_
    - _Uraeotyphlus gansi_
    - _Uraeotyphlus interruptus_ - Kerala Caecilian
    - _Uraeotyphlus malabaricus_ - Malabar Caecilian
    - _Uraeotyphlus menoni_ - Menon's Caecilian
    - _Uraeotyphlus narayani_ - Narayan's Caecilian
    - _Uraeotyphlus oommeni_ - Bonnacord Caecilian
    - _Uraeotyphlus oxyurus_ - Red Caecilian

## References

- Nussbaum, Ronald A. and Mark Wilkinson (1989). "On the Classification and Phylogeny of Caecilians." Herpetological Monographs, (3), 1-42
- Frost, Darrel R. 2004. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 3.0 (22 August 2004). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
- AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2004. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Available: http://amphibiaweb.org/. Retrieved 26 August 2004