juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Co-presidents of Nicaragua

The **President of Nicaragua** () officially known as the **President of the Republic of Nicaragua** () is the head of state of Nicaragua. The office was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838, the head of state of Nicaragua was known simply as **Head of State** (_Jefe de Estado_).

In 2025, the Constitution of Nicaragua was amended to provide for the powers of the presidency to be exercised by two co-presidents rather than a single officeholder. A male and female co-president are elected by universal suffrage to a six-year term. When the amendment was passed, the incumbent president Daniel Ortega and his wife and vice-president Rosario Murillo were declared to be the inaugural co-presidents. Ortega had previously served as president since 2007.

## Infobox (official post)

- **post**: Co-President
- **body**: the
Republic of Nicaragua
- **insignia**: Coat of arms of Nicaragua.svg
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of arms of Nicaragua
- **incumbentsince**: 10 January 2007 (Ortega)
30 January 2025 (Murillo)
- **status**: Head of state
 Head of government
- **residence**: :es:Casa Naranja, Casa Naranja
- **seat**: Managua
- **termlength**: Six years
- **termlength qualified**: renewable indefinitely
- **constituting instrument**: Constitution of Nicaragua
- **precursor**: Supreme Director of Nicaragua
- **first**: Fruto Chamorro
- **deputy**: Vice President of Nicaragua (to 2025)
- **salary**: 116,768 Nicaraguan córdobas/US$3,193 per month
Henry Gray (musician)

**Henry Gray** (January 19, 1925 – February 17, 2020) was an African-American blues pianist and singer. He was born in Kenner, Louisiana. His career began in the 1930s and had performed with many artists, including Robert Lockwood Jr., Billy Boy Arnold, the Rolling Stones, Muddy Waters and Howlin' Wolf. He created more than 50 albums. He was known for the creation of  the distinctive sound of the Chicago blues piano.

In 2017, Gray was added in to the Blues Hall of Fame.

On October 10, 2019, it was confirmed by Gray's family that he had entered hospice care in Baton Rouge. Gray died at the age of 95 on February 17, 2020.

## Other websites

- Official website of Henry Gray
Billy Boy Arnold

**William "Billy Boy" Arnold** (born September 16, 1935) is an American blues harmonica player and singer-songwriter.

In the early 1950s, he joined forces with street musician Bo Diddley and played harmonica on the March 2, 1955 recording of the Bo Diddley song "I'm a Man" released by Checker Records.

Arnold signed a solo recording contract with Vee-Jay Records, recording the originals of "I Wish You Would" and "I Ain’t Got You".

## Other websites

- Billy Boy Arnold on Alligator Records site
- Interview with Richie Unterberger
- [ Arnold biography] at AllMusic

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Billy Boy Arnold
- **image**: Billy_Boy_Arnold_(blues_musician).jpg
- **caption**: Photograph by Ronald Weinstock
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: William Arnold
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **years active**: 1952–present
Robert Lockwood Jr.

**Robert Lockwood Jr.** (March 27, 1915 – November 21, 2006) was an American Delta blues guitarist. He recorded for Chess Records and other Chicago labels in the 1950s and 1960s. He was the only guitarist to have learned to play directly from Robert Johnson.

Lockwood is known for his longtime works with Sonny Boy Williamson II and for his work in the mid-1950s with Little Walter.

He was honored with the National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the highest honor in the folk and traditional arts in the United States in 1995.

Lockwood died at the age of 91 in Cleveland from a cerebral aneurysm caused by a stroke on November 21, 2006.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Robert Lockwood Jr.
- **image**: Lockwood150.jpg
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Robert Lockwood Jr.
- **alias**: "Robert Junior" Lockwood
- **birth place**: Turkey Scratch, Arkansas, United States
- **death place**: Cleveland, Ohio, United States, U.S.
- **instrument**: Guitar, Organ (music), organ
- **genre**: Delta blues, electric blues, Chicago blues, country blues
- **years active**: 1930s–2006
- **associated acts**: Robert Johnson, B.B. King
Turkey Scratch, Arkansas

**Turkey Scratch** is an unincorporated community within Phillips County, Arkansas, United States.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Turkey Scratch
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated community
- **pushpin map**: USA Arkansas
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the state of Arkansas
- **map caption**: Location within Phillips County
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Arkansas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Arkansas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Phillips County, Arkansas, Phillips
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2000, 2000
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, CST
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: North American Central Time Zone, CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 184
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 55730
Wikimedian in Residence

A **Wikimedian in Residence** is somebody who works with an organisation. They can also be known as a **Wikipedian in Residence**. The name is also shortened to **WiR**.

They help the people at the host organisation to understand Wikipedia. They also help them to understand Wikipedia's sister projects. The sister projects include Wikimedia Commons, Wikidata and Wikisource. Usually, WiR do not write about the organisation where they work. Instead, they help experts at their organisation to write about the things they know.

WiRs work with different types of organisations. These are most often GLAMs (Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums). Some residents work in educational institutions such as universities. Sometimes they work across several organizations. If they do, then they can be called a "**Wikimedian at Large**". For example one worked across New Zealand. Some WiRs are paid by the organization where they work. Or they can be paid by a Wikimedia-related organization. Some are volunteers.

## History

The first WiR was at the British Museum. That was in 2010.

By 2016, more than 100 people had been a WiRs. By 2020 there were more than 220.

## Other websites

- General information about WiR
- The Wikimedians in Residence Exchange Network - Where WiRs can help each other.
Richard Askey

**Richard Allen Askey** (June 4, 1933 – October 9, 2019) was an American mathematician. He was known for his expertise in the area of special functions. The Askey–Gasper inequality for Jacobi polynomials is essential in de Brange's famous proof of the Bieberbach conjecture. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1993.
In 1999 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Richard Askey
- **image**: Richard Askey.jpg
- **caption**: Richard Askey in 1977
- **birth name**: Richard Allen Askey
- **birth place**: St. Louis, Missouri
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **fields**: Mathematics
- **workplaces**: University of Chicago
University of Wisconsin–Madison
- **alma mater**: Washington University in St. Louis
Harvard University
Princeton University
- **doctoral advisor**: Salomon Bochner
- **doctoral students**: James A. Wilson
- **known for**: Askey–Wilson polynomials
Askey–Gasper inequality
Beppe Bigazzi

**Giuseppe Bigazzi** (Terranuova Bracciolini, 20 January 1933 – Arezzo, 7 October 2019) was an Italian executive, journalist, television presenter and writer. He was a television presenter for the RAI show _La prova del cuoco_.
Jeffrey Wright

**Jeffrey Wright** (born December 7, 1965) is an American actor. He is best known for his Tony- and Emmy-winning role as Belize in the Broadway production and HBO miniseries _Angels in America_. He is also known for his roles as Felix Leiter in the _James Bond_ movies _Casino Royale_, _Quantum of Solace_ and _No Time to Die_, Narcisse in the HBO series _Boardwalk Empire_, and Beetee in _The Hunger Games_ movies. He also played Commissioner James Gordon in the 2022 movie _The Batman_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jeffrey Wright
- **image**: Jeffrey Wright by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg
- **caption**: Wright in 2019
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1990–present
- **education**: Amherst College
New York University
- **children**: 2
Lorand Gaspar

**Lorand Gaspar** (28 February 1925 – 9 October 2019) was a Hungarian–born French poet. He was born in Târgu Mureș, Hungary. He published his first verse collection in 1966, _Le Quatrième État de la matière_ (Flammarion) and published a number of prose works and travel books as a photographer.

Gaspar died on 9 October 2019 in Paris at the age of 94.
Filippo Penati

**Filippo Luigi Penati** (30 December 1952 – 9 October 2019) was an Italian politician. He was born in Monza. He was mayor of Sesto San Giovanni between 1994 and 2001 and president  of the Province of Milan between 2004 and 2009. He died in Sesto San Giovanni, aged 66.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Filippo Penati
- **image**: Penati 4.jpg
- **office**: President of the Province of Milano
- **term start**: June 27, 2004
- **term end**: June 21, 2009
- **predecessor**: Ombretta Colli
- **successor**: Guido Podestà
- **office2**: Mayor of Sesto San Giovanni
- **term start2**: June 12, 1994
- **term end2**: May 26, 2002
- **predecessor2**: Fiorenza Bassoli
- **successor2**: Giorgio Oldrini
- **birth name**: Filippo Luigi Penati
- **birth place**: Monza, Italy
- **death place**: Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
- **party**: Italian Communist Party, PCI (until 1991)
Democratic Party of the Left, PDS (1991–1998)
Democrats of the Left, DS (1998–2007)
Independent politician, Independent (2011–2017)
Democratic Party (Italy), PD (2007–2011, 2017–2019)
Richard Jeranian

**Richard Jeranian** () 17 July 1921 – 10 October 2019) was an Armenian painter, draftsman and lithographer active in France.

His works were figurative, surrealist, cubist or abstract periods covering the themes of music, woman and Armenia through figures, landscapes, genre scenes or still lifes in oil and ink.

Jeranian died on 10 October 2019 at the age of 98.

## Other websites

- Richard Jeranian on Stephanies Gallery
- Richard Jeranian on Artnet
- Richard Jeranian Website

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Richard Jerenian
- **image**: File:Richard Jeranian1.jpg
- **birth place**: Sebaste (now Sivas), Ottoman Empire
- **nationality**: Armenia
- **field**: Painting
- **training**: Académie Julian
- **awards**: Khorenatsi medal (2011)
Tarek Kamel

**Tarek Kamel** (8 May 1962 – 10 October 2019) was an Egyptian politician and computer engineer. He was Minister of Communications and Information Technology from 2004 through 2011.

Kamel died on 10 October 2019 in Cairo at the age of 57.
Juliette Kaplan

**Marlene Juliette Kaplan** (2 October 1939 – 10 October 2019) was a British actress. She was most famous for playing the role of battle-axe Pearl Sibshaw in the BBC comedy _Last of the Summer Wine_, from 1985 to 2010.

Kaplan died of cancer of unknown primary origin on 10 October 2019, aged 80.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Juliette Kaplan
- **birth place**: Bournemouth, Hampshire, England
- **occupation**: Actress
- **children**: 3
Marie-José Nat

**Marie-José Benhalassa** (22 April 1940 – 10 October 2019), known professionally as **Marie-José Nat**, was a French actress. Her best known roles were in _Anatomy of a Marriage: My Days with Jean-Marc_ and _Anatomy of a Marriage: My Days with Françoise_ (1963), directed by André Cayatte. In 1974, she received a Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress for her performance in the movie _Violins at the Ball_.

Nat died of cancer in Paris on 10 October 2019 at the age of 79.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Marie-José Nat
- **image**: Marie-José Nat Cannes.jpg
- **caption**: Nat at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival, 55th Cannes Film Festival in May 2002
- **birth name**: Marie-José Benhalassa
- **birth place**: Bonifacio, Corse-du-Sud, Bonifacio, Corsica, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1956–2019
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 3 sons
Carlo Croccolo

**Carlo Croccolo** (9 April 1927 – 12 October 2019) was an Italian actor, director and screenwriter. He appeared in more than 100 movies since 1949. His debut came in the 1949 movie _The Firemen of Viggiù_.

Croccolo died of pneumonia in Naples on 12 October 2019 at the age of 92.
Yoshihisa Yoshikawa

**Yoshihisa Yoshikawa** (吉川 貴久, September 4, 1936 – October 12, 2019) was a Japanese shooter. He competed at the 1960, 1964, 1968 and 1972 Olympics in the 50 m pistol event. He won bronze medals in 1960 and 1964.
Denis O'Hare

**Denis Patrick Seamus O'Hare** (born January 17, 1962) is an American actor. He plays Russell Edgington on HBO's fantasy series _True Blood_. He is known for his multiple roles on _American Horror Story_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Denis O'Hare
- **image**: Denis O'Hare crop1.JPG
- **caption**: At the premiere of _An Englishman in New York (movie), An Englishman in New York_, Tribeca Film Festival, 2009
- **birth name**: Denis Patrick Seamus O'Hare
- **birth place**: Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.
- **alma mater**: Northwestern University School of Communication
- **years active**: 1982–present
- **children**: 1
Steve Zahn

**Steven James Zahn** (; born November 13, 1967) is an American actor and comedian. His movies include _Reality Bites_ (1994), _That Thing You Do!_ (1996), _SubUrbia_ (1996), _Out of Sight_ (1998), _Happy, Texas_ (1999), _Riding in Cars with Boys_ (2001), _Shattered Glass_ (2003), _Sahara_ (2005), _Rescue Dawn_ (2007), the first three _Diary of a Wimpy Kid_ movies, _Dallas Buyers Club_ (2013), and _War for the Planet of the Apes_ (2017). He is the voice of Runt of the Litter in _Chicken Little_ and its subsequent television series.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Steve Zahn
- **height**: 5 ft 8 in
- **image**: Zahn, Steve (2008).jpg
- **caption**: Zahn in 2008
- **birth name**: Steven James Zahn
- **birth place**: Marshall, Minnesota, U.S.
- **education**: Gustavus Adolphus College
Harvard University
- **occupation**: Actor, comedian
- **yearsactive**: 1990–present
- **children**: 2
Marshall, Minnesota

**Marshall** is a city in Lyon County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 13,628 at the 2020 census. Marshall is a regional center in southwest Minnesota, and the county seat of Lyon County.
Ron Woodroof

**Ronald Dickson Woodroof** (February 3, 1950 –  September 12, 1992) was an American activist and businessman who created what would become known as the Dallas Buyer's Club in March 1988. He was born in Dallas, Texas. After being diagnosed with HIV in 1985, he created the group as part of his efforts to find and sell drugs to treat HIV at a time when the disease was poorly understood.

He sued the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over a ban on peptide T, a drug he was using. Woodroof's final years became the plot of the 2013 movie _Dallas Buyers Club_ where Matthew McConaughey played Woodroof.

Woodroof died on September 12, 1992 from pneumonia brought on by AIDS in Dallas at the age of 42.
Paolo Bonaiuti

**Paolo Bonaiuti** (7 July 1940 – 16 October 2019) was an Italian politician and journalist. He was born in Florence. Bonaiuti worked for _Il Giorno_. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1996 to 2013 and Senate from 2013 to 2018.

Bonaiuti died on 16 October 2019 in Rome after a long-illness at the age of 79.
Chamber of Deputies (Italy)

The **Chamber of Deputies** () is a house of the bicameral Parliament of Italy (the other being the Senate of the Republic). The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **background color**: #0047AB
- **name**: Chamber of Deputies
- **native name**: Camera dei deputati
- **legislature**: Legislature XVIII of Italy, 18th legislature
- **house type**: Lower house
- **body**: Parliament of Italy
- **session room**: Camera dei deputati Aula Palazzo Montecitorio Roma.jpg
- **leader1 type**: President of the Chamber of Deputies
- **leader1**: Lorenzo Fontana
- **party1**: Lega Nord, Lega
- **leader2 type**: Prime Minister of Italy, Prime Minister
- **leader2**: Giorgia Meloni
- **leader3 type**: Leader of the Opposition
- **leader3**: TBD
- **members**: 400
- **structure1**: Risultati elezioni politiche italiane 2022 - Camera dei deputati - Per liste.svg
- **structure1 res**: 285px
- **political groups1**: *  Brothers of Italy, FdI (119)
*  Democratic Party (Italy), PD (69)
*   Lega Nord, Lega (66)
*  Five Star Movement, M5S (52)
*  Forza Italia (2013), FI (45)
*  Action – Italia Viva, A–IV (21)
*  Greens and Left Alliance, AVS (12)
*  Us Moderates, NM (7)
*  South Tyrolean People's Party, SVP (3)
*  Civic Commitment, IC (1)
*  South calls North, ScN (1)
*  Aosta Valley (coalition), VdA (1)
*  Associative Movement of Italians Abroad, MAIE (1)
- **last election1**: 2022 Italian general election, 25 September 2022
- **next election1**: Next Italian general election, No later than 2027
- **meeting place**: Palazzo Montecitorio, Rome
- **website**: [http://en.camera.it en.camera.it]
[http://www.camera.it/leg18/1 www.camera.it]
Toney Anaya

**Toney Anaya** (born April 29, 1941) is an American Democratic politician. He was the 26th Governor of New Mexico from 1983 to 1987.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Toney Anaya
- **image**: Toney Anaya 2008.jpg
- **order**: 26th Governor of New Mexico
- **lieutenant**: Mike Runnels
- **term start**: January 1, 1983
- **term end**: January 1, 1987
- **predecessor**: Bruce King
- **successor**: Garrey Carruthers
- **office1**: 24th Attorney General of New Mexico
- **governor1**: Jerry Apodaca
- **term start1**: 1975
- **term end1**: 1978
- **predecessor1**: David L. Norvell
- **successor1**: Jeff Bingaman
- **birth place**: Moriarty, New Mexico, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat
- **spouse**: Elaine Anaya
- **education**: Georgetown University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
American University (Juris Doctor, JD)
Moriarty, New Mexico

**Moriarty** is a city in Torrance County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,946 at the 2020 Census. It is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Moriarty is located at  (34.999815, -106.046667).

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Moriarty, New Mexico
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Moriarty New Mexico Civic Center.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **image caption**: Moriarty Civic Center
- **image map**: Torrance_County_New_Mexico_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Moriarty_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Moriarty, New Mexico
- **image map1**: Lisa's Truck Center.jpg
- **map caption1**: Lisa's Truck Center
- **pushpin label**: Moriarty
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: New Mexico
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New Mexico, County
- **subdivision name2**: Torrance County, New Mexico, Torrance
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 17.96
- **area land km2**: 17.96
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 6.93
- **area land sq mi**: 6.93
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 1946
- **population density km2**: 108.35
- **population density sq mi**: 280.61
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: -7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: -6
- **elevation ft**: 6224
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 87035
- **area code**: Area code 505, 505
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 35-50160
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2411165
Garrey Carruthers

**Garrey Edward Carruthers** (born August 29, 1939) is an American politician. He was the 27th Governor of New Mexico from 1987 through 1991.

He was special assistant to the United States Secretary of Agriculture from 1974 to 1975, director of the New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute at NMSU, state chair of the Republican Party of New Mexico from 1977 to 1979, and assistant Secretary of the Interior for land and resources from 1981 to 1984.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Garrey Carruthers.jpg
- **birthname**: Garrey Edward Carruthers
- **office**: Chancellor of New Mexico State University
- **term start**: May 6, 2013
- **term end**: June 30, 2018
- **predecessor**: Manuel Pacheco (interim)
- **successor**: John Floros (President) and Dan Arvizu (Chancellor)
- **order1**: 27th
- **office1**: Governor of New Mexico
- **term start1**: January 1, 1987
- **term end1**: January 1, 1991
- **lieutenant1**: Jack L. Stahl
- **predecessor1**: Toney Anaya
- **successor1**: Bruce King
- **birth place**: Alamosa, Colorado, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **profession**: Professor
Senate of the Republic (Italy)

The **Senate of the Republic** () or **Senate** () is a house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Chamber of Deputies). The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately. It was created in its current form on 8 May 1948, but existed during the Kingdom of Italy as  (Senate of the Kingdom), itself a continuation of the  (Subalpine Senate) of Sardinia created on 8 May 1848.

Members of the Senate are styled _Senator_ or _The Honourable Senator_ () and they meet at Palazzo Madama, Rome.

## Infobox (legislature)

- **background color**: #B80000
- **name**: Senate of the Republic
- **native name**: Senato della Repubblica
- **legislature**: Legislature XVIII of Italy, 18th legislature
- **house type**: Upper house
- **body**: Parliament of Italy
- **leader1 type**: President of the Senate
- **leader1**: Ignazio La Russa
- **party1**: Brothers of Italy, FdI
- **members**: 200 elected senators
+ 6 List of Senators for life in Italy, senators for life
- **structure1**: Risultati elezioni politiche italiane 2022 - Senato della Repubblica - Per liste.svg
- **structure1 res**: 275px
- **political groups1**: *  Brothers of Italy, FdI (65)
*  Democratic Party (Italy), PD (40)
*  Lega Nord, Lega (30)
*  Five Star Movement, M5S (28)
*  Forza Italia (2013), FI (18)
*  Action – Italia Viva, A–IV (9)
*  Greens and Left Alliance, AVS (4)
*  Us Moderates, NM (2)
*  South Tyrolean People's Party, SVP (2)
*  South calls North, ScN (1)
*  Associative Movement of Italians Abroad, MAIE (1)
- **last election1**: 2022 Italian general election, 25 September 2022
- **next election1**: Next Italian general election, No later than 2027
- **meeting place**: Palazzo Madama, Rome
Wellington Webb

**Wellington E. Webb** (born February 17, 1941) is an American politician. He was in the Colorado House of Representatives and was the first African American mayor of Denver, Colorado, from 1991 to 2003.

## Other websites

- Biography by DenverGov.org  - Focuses mostly on Webb's service as city auditor
- The Wellington E. Webb Municipal Office Building  - Information and pictures
- South Platte project

## Infobox (politician)

- **name**: Wellington Webb
- **image**: Wellington Webb.jpg
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **order**: 42nd
- **office**: Mayor of Denver
- **term start**: July 15, 1991
- **term end**: July 21, 2003
- **predecessor**: Federico Peña
- **successor**: John Hickenlooper
- **office2**: Denver City Auditor
- **term start2**: 1987
- **term end2**: 1991
- **office3**: Executive Director of the Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies
- **governor3**: Richard Lamm
- **term start3**: 1981
- **term end3**: 1987
- **office4**: Regional Director of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
- **president4**: Jimmy Carter
- **term start4**: 1977
- **term end4**: 1981
- **office5**: Member of the Colorado House of Representatives
- **term start5**: 1973
- **term end5**: 1977
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 4
- **alma mater**: University of Northern Colorado, Colorado State College (B.A.)
(M.A.)
- **residence**: Denver, Denver, Colorado
Michael Hancock (politician)

**Michael B. Hancock** (born July 29, 1969) is an American businessman, author and politician. He was the 45th mayor of Denver, Colorado. He was easily reelected with no significant opposition in 2015.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Michael Hancock
- **image**: Denver Mayor Michael Hancock - 2012-08-15 (portrait crop).jpg
- **office**: 45th List of mayors of Denver, Mayor of Denver
- **term start**: July 18, 2011
- **term end**: July 17, 2023
- **predecessor**: Bill Vidal
- **successor**: Mike Johnston (Colorado politician), Mike Johnston
- **birth place**: Killeen, Texas, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Hastings College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of Colorado Denver, University of Colorado, Denver (Master of Public Administration, MPA)
James F. Conway

**James F. Conway** (June 27, 1932 – November 25, 2025) was an American businessman and Democratic politician. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He was elected as the 41st Mayor of the city. He served from 1977 to 1981.

Conway died on November 25, 2025 at a hospital in Creve Coeur, Missouri from prostate cancer at the age of 93.
Francis Slay

**Francis Gerard Slay** (born March 18, 1955) is an American politician and lawyer. He was the 45th Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri from 2001 to 2017. Slay is the longest-serving mayor in St. Louis history. His fourth term started in April 2013. He announced on April 8, 2016 that he would not seek another term as mayor. He is registered in the Democratic Party.

## Infobox (mayor)

- **name**: Francis G. Slay
- **image**: Francis Slay 2015.jpg
- **order**: Mayor of St. Louis, 45th Mayor of St. Louis
- **term start**: April 17, 2001
- **term end**: April 18, 2017
- **predecessor**: Clarence Harmon
- **successor**: Lyda Krewson
- **birth place**: St. Louis, Missouri, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Kim Slay
- **children**: 2
- **profession**: Attorney
- **education**: Quincy University, Quincy College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Saint Louis University School of Law, Saint Louis University (Juris doctor, JD)
Lyda Krewson

**Lyda Krewson** (born November 14, 1953) is an American Democratic politician. She was the 46th Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri from 2017 until 2021. From 1997 and 2017, she was the alderman of St. Louis's 28th ward. She was the first female mayor of St. Louis.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lyda Krewson
- **image**: Lyda Krewson (32503492846).jpg
- **office**: 46th Mayor of St. Louis
- **term start**: April 18, 2017
- **term end**: April 20, 2021
- **predecessor**: Francis Slay
- **successor**: Tishaura Jones
- **birth place**: Davenport, Iowa, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Jeff Krewson (Deceased 1995)
Mike Owens (1998–present)
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Truman State University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of Missouri–St. Louis, University of Missouri, St. Louis (Bachelor of Science, BS)
- **signature**: Lyda Krewson signature.jpg
Hossein Dehlavi

**Hossein Dehlavi** () (September 30, 1927 – October 15, 2019) was a Persian composer. He was born in Tehran. For ten years, Dehlavi was the director of and professor at the Persian National Music Conservatory in Tehran. In 1979, he wrote an opera for children called _Mana and Mani_.

On October 15, 2019, Dehlavi died at his home in Tehran from Alzheimer’s disease-related problems at the age of 92.

## Other websites

- Hossein Dehlavi Official Website 

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Hossein Dehlavi
- **image**: حسین دهلوی - Hosseyn Dehlavi.jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth place**: Tehran, Persia (now Iran)
- **death place**: Tehran, Iran
- **occupation**: Professor of composition, conductor
- **years active**: 1948–2019
- **associated acts**: Persian Fine Arts Administration Orchestra, Plectrum Orchestra
Cacho Castaña

**Humberto Vicente Castagna** (June 11, 1942 – October 15, 2019), better known as **Cacho Castaña**, was an Argentine singer-songwriter, composer and actor. He was born in Buenos Aires. He was known for his role in the 2000 movie _Merry Christmas_. His best known composition works were _Los Hijos de López_ and _El Cabo Tijereta_.

Castaña died of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related problems on October 15, 2019 in Buenos Aires at the age of 77.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Cacho Castaña
- **image**: Cacho Castaña.png
- **caption**: Cacho Castaña in 2012
- **birth name**: Humberto Vicente Castagna
- **birth place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **death place**: Buenos Aires, Argentina
- **occupation**: Singer, songwriter, pianist, actor
- **years active**: 1959–2019
Tamara Buciuceanu

**Tamara Buciuceanu-Botez**, (August 10, 1929 – October 15, 2019) was a Romanian actress. She was one of the most successful Romanian actresses of the 1960s–2000s who worked at Odeon Theatre. She was known for _Liceenii_ (1986),  (1992), _Silent Wedding_ (2008) and _Everybody in Our Family_ (2012). Buciuceanu was born in Tighina, Moldova, Romania.

Buciuceanu died of cardiovascular disease at a Bucharest hospital on October 15, 2019 at the age of 90.
Ruben Salazar

**Ruben Salazar** (March 3, 1928 – August 29, 1970) was a Mexican-American civil rights activist and a reporter for the _Los Angeles Times_. He was the first Mexican-American journalist from mainstream media to cover the Chicano community. He was born in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico.

Salazar was killed, aged 42, on August 29, 1970, in Los Angeles, California after he was hit by a tear-gas projectile fired by a Los Angeles County Sheriff's deputy. No criminal charge was filed, but Salazar's family reached an out-of-court financial settlement with the county.
Ivory (color)

**Ivory** is a color that is mostly white, but with a small amount of yellow. It looks like ivory, the material from which the teeth and tusks of animals (such as, notably, the elephant and the walrus) is made. It has a very slight tint of yellow.
Doc Rivers

**Doc Rivers** is an American professional basketball coach and former player. He has coached for the Orlando Magic, Boston Celtics, Los Angeles Clippers, and the Philadelphia 76ers. As a player, he played for the Atlanta Hawks, Los Angeles Clippers, New York Knicks, and the San Antonio Spurs.

On May 16, 2023, the 76ers fired Rivers.

## Other websites

- NBA profile

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Doc Rivers
- **image**: Doc Rivers.JPG
- **caption**: 2007
- **occupation**: Basketball coach
Whirlwind

A **whirlwind** is a vortex of wind (a straight rotating column of air) that forms because of turbulence created by heating and flow (current) differences.  Whirlwinds happen all over the world and in any season.

## Other websites

- Fire whirlwind video September 11, 2012 Alice Springs Australia.
- Severe Storm Definitions & Whirlwind Classification  (TORRO)
- Whirlwinds (TORRO)
- A 'hay devil' from National Geographic
- A longer version of the above but poorer quality
US Ben Guerdane

**Union Sportive de Ben Guerdane** () or **USBG** , is a Tunisian football club, based in the city of Ben Guerdane in southeast Tunisia. Founded in 17 July 1936, the team plays in yellow and black colors. Their ground is Stade du 7 Mars, which has a capacity of 10,000.

He managed to reach for the first time in its history in Tunisian Professional League 1 during the season 2015. The club is chaired in 2016 by Mehdi Dbouba with which the team took a new dimension both on the national and continental level.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: الاتحاد الرياضي ببنقردان
- **image size**: 150px
- **fullname**: USBG الاتحاد الرياضي ببنقردان
- **short name**: USBG
- **ground**: Stade du 7 Mars
- **capacity**: 10,000
- **chairman**: Jlidi El Orf
- **manager**: Ramzi Jarmoud
- **league**: Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1, CLP-1
- **season**: 2022–23 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1, 2022–23
- **position**: CLP-1, 5th
- **pattern la1**: _black_stripes
- **pattern b1**: _blackstripes
- **pattern ra1**: _black_stripes
- **leftarm1**: FFFF00
- **body1**: FFFF00
- **rightarm1**: FFFF00
- **shorts1**: 0a0a0a
- **socks1**: FFFF00
- **pattern la2**: _blackshoulders
- **pattern b2**: _chelsea_away
- **pattern ra2**: _blackshoulders
- **leftarm2**: FFFFFF
- **body2**: FFFFFF
- **rightarm2**: FFFFFF
- **shorts2**: FFFFFF
- **socks2**: FFFF00
- **pattern la3**: _blackshoulders
- **pattern b3**: _chelsea_away
- **pattern ra3**: _blackshoulders
- **leftarm3**: FFFF00
- **body3**: FFFF00
- **rightarm3**: FFFF00
- **shorts3**: FFFF00
Green Eyes (song)

***Green Eyes*** is a popular song. It was originally written in Spanish under the title ***Aquellos Ojos Verdes*** ("Those Green Eyes") by Adolfo Utrera and Nilo Menéndez, 1929. The English translation was made by Eddie Rivera and Eddie Woods in 1931.

The song was a bolero, written in 1929 and recorded in Cuba the same year. The English version of the song, written in 1931, became a major hit ten years later when recorded by the Jimmy Dorsey orchestra. On 78 rpm records, _Green eyes_ was backed by _Maria Elena_, which was also a hit.The record first reached the _Billboard_ charts on May 9, 1941 and lasted 21 weeks on the chart, peaking at #1. Both numbers have been covered many times, especially in Latin music circles.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Aquellos Ojos Verdes
- **language**: Spanish, English
- **english title**: Green Eyes
- **written**: 1929
- **writer**: Adolfo Utrera, Nilo Menéndez
- **lyricist**: 1931 English lyrics: Eddie Rivera, Eddie Woods
Janaki Mandir

**Janaki Mandir** () is a Hindu temple in Janakpur. This temple is dedicated to the Hindu goddess Sita. It is widely known as the **Nau Lakha Mandir** (meaning "nine lakhs"). It was built by the Queen Vrisha Bhanu of Tikamgarh.

## Infobox (hindu temple)

- **name**: Janaki Mandir
- **caption**: A view of Janaki Mandir
- **image**: Janki Mandir.JPG
Alpha Persei Cluster

The **Alpha Persei Cluster** (also known as **Melotte 20** or **Collinder 39**) is an open cluster in the constellation of Perseus.

To the naked eye, the cluster has several blue spectral type B type stars. The most luminous member is the ~2nd magnitude white-yellow supergiant Mirfak, also known as Alpha Persei. Bright members also include Delta, Sigma, Psi, 29, 30, 34 and 48 Persei. The Hipparcos satellite and infrared color-magnitude diagram fitting show the cluster as about ~172 parsecs away from us.

Since the distance by the independent analyses agree, the cluster is an important rung on the cosmic distance ladder. The age of this cluster is about 5070 million years.
Gould Belt

The **Gould Belt** is a partial ring of stars local to us in the Milky Way. It is about 3000 light years across, tilted from the galactic plane by 16 to 20 degrees. It has many large and bright O- and B-type stars.

The belt may be the local spiral arm to which the Sun belongs. At present the Sun is about 325 light years from the arm's centre. The belt is thought to be from 30 to 50 million years old, and of unknown origin. Benjamin Gould identified it in 1879.

The belt contains bright stars in many constellations including (in order going more or less eastward) Cepheus, Lacerta, Perseus, Orion, Canis Major, Puppis, Vela, Carina, Crux (the Southern Cross), Centaurus, Lupus, and Scorpius (including the Scorpius-Centaurus Association).

## Overview

Star-forming regions with bright O and B stars make up the Gould Belt. These regions include the Orion Nebula and the Orion molecular clouds, the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association, Cepheus OB2, Perseus OB2, and the Taurus-Auriga Molecular Clouds.

A theory proposed around 2009 suggests that the Gould Belt formed about 30 million years ago when a blob of dark matter collided with the molecular cloud in our region. There is also evidence for similar Gould belts in other galaxies.

## Related pages

- Radcliffe wave, a recent description of our local area of the galaxy.

## Other websites

- Gould Belt - Astronoo
- Map of the Gould Belt
- 3D evolution of the Gould Belt
- The Spitzer Gould Belt Survey
Drosophila subobscura

***Drosophila subobscura*** is a species of fruit fly in the family Drosophilidae.

It was originally found around the Mediterranean, but it has spread to most of Europe and the Near East. It has been introduced into the west coasts of Canada, the United States, and Chile.
 This species is in the _Sophophora_ subgenus.

## Study organism for evolutionary biology

In 1933, A.H. Sturtevant captured a species of Drosophila in England. It was a member of _Drosophila subobscura_.

_D. subobscura_, with others in its species group, is a model organism for evolutionary-biological studies. Its genetics and ecology have been studied for over fifty years.

They have served as favourable models ever since Dobzhansky and his colleagues published their influential works in the 1930s and 40s.

Their use as a regular laboratory fly was promoted by J.B.S. Haldane and John Maynard Smith at University College London over a period of about 30 years. There it was used for research into population genetics, and for teaching genetics. For many years this species was the European "rival" to the _D. pseudoobscura_ favoured by the group in California led by Dobzhansky.
Elijah Cummings

**Elijah Eugene Cummings** (January 18, 1951 – October 17, 2019) was an American politician and civil rights activist. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for  from 1996 until his death in 2019.  Before, he was in the Maryland House of Delegates. He was a member of the Democratic Party and chair of the Committee on Oversight and Reform.

Cummings had surgery to fix his aortic valve in May 2017 and two months later he developed a surgery-related infection. Cummings was later hospitalized for a knee infection.

On October 17, 2019, Cummings died at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland at the age of 68.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Elijah Cummings
- **image**: Elijah E. Cummings official photo.jpg
- **office**: Chair of the United States House Committee on Oversight and Reform, House Oversight Committee
- **term start**: January 3, 2019
- **term end**: October 17, 2019
- **predecessor**: Trey Gowdy
- **successor**: Carolyn Maloney
- **state1**: Maryland
- **term start1**: April 16, 1996
- **term end1**: October 17, 2019
- **predecessor1**: Kweisi Mfume
- **successor1**: Kweisi Mfume
- **state delegate2**: Maryland
- **district2**: 39th
- **term start2**: January 12, 1983
- **term end2**: January 10, 1996
- **predecessor2**: Lena King Lee
- **successor2**: Sterling Page
- **birth name**: Elijah Eugene Cummings
- **birth place**: Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
- **death place**: Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Baltimore City College
Howard University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of Maryland, Baltimore (Juris Doctor, JD)
- **signature**: Elijah Eugene Cummings signature.svg
Morton Mandel

**Morton Leon Mandel** (September 19, 1921 – October 16, 2019) was an American business magnate, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. He founded the Premier Automotive Supply Company in 1940. It later became one of the world's leading industrial parts and electronic distributors. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

Mandel died on October 16, 2019 in Florida at the age of 98.

## Other websites

- The Mandel Foundation Contributes $25 Million To The New Bezalel Campus
- Mandel earns degree 74 years after first enrolling
- Cooper-Hewitt Receives $10 Million From Morton and Barbara Mandel Family Foundation
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences Honors Morton Mandel
Francisco Guterres

**Francisco Guterres**, popularly known as **Lú-Olo** (born 7 September 1954) is an East Timorese politician. He was the 6th President of East Timor from 2017 to 2022. He lost re-election to former President José Ramos-Horta in 2022.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: His Excellency
- **name**: Francisco Guterres
- **image**: President of Timor Leste Francisco Guterres.jpg
- **office**: 6th President of East Timor
- **primeminister**: Rui Maria de Araújo
Mari Alkatiri
Taur Matan Ruak
- **term start**: 20 May 2017
- **term end**: 20 May 2022
- **predecessor**: Taur Matan Ruak
- **successor**: José Ramos-Horta
- **office1**: President of the National Parliament (East Timor), National Parliament
- **term start1**: 20 May 2002
- **term end1**: 31 July 2007
- **predecessor1**: Position established
- **successor1**: Fernando de Araújo (East Timorese politician), Fernando de Araújo
- **birth place**: Ossu (East Timor), Ossu, Portuguese Timor
- **party**: Fretilin
- **spouse**: Cidália Lopes Nobre Mouzinho Guterres
- **signature**: Francisco Guterres Lu-Olo Assinatura.jpg
President of Timor-Leste

The **President of East Timor**, officially the **President of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste** (, ), is the head of state in East Timor.

The president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. Their powers are somewhat limited, though they are able to veto legislation. Following elections, the president usually appoints as the prime minister, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition.

## List of presidents of Timor-Leste

- Political parties

- Other factions

- Symbols
† Assassinated

### Presidents of East Timor during the War for Independence

|rowspan="2"||rowspan="2"|Portrait|rowspan="2" width="180"|Name|rowspan="2"|Elected|colspan="3"|Term of office|rowspan="2"|Political party|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Francisco Xavier do Amaral|rowspan="2"|—|28 November 1975|7 December 1975||Fretilin|||||
||Nicolau dos Reis Lobato|7 December 1975|31 December 1978†||Fretilin|||||||

### Presidents of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste

|rowspan="2"||rowspan="2"|Portrait|rowspan="2" width="180"|Name|rowspan="2"|Elected|colspan="3"|Term of office|rowspan="2"|Political party|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Xanana Gusmão|2002|20 May 2002|20 May 2007|years|Independent||||||
||José Ramos-Horta|2007|20 May 2007|20 May 2012|years|Independent||||||
||Vicente Guterres|rowspan="2"|—|11 February 2008|13 February 2008||CNRT|||||
||Fernando de Araújo|13 February 2008|17 April 2008||PD|||||||
||Taur Matan Ruak|2012|20 May 2012|20 May 2017|years|Independent||||||
||Francisco Guterres|2017|20 May 2017|20 May 2022|years|Fretilin||||||
||José Ramos-Horta|2022|20 May 2022|_Incumbent_||CNRT||||||

## List of presidents of the National Parliament

|#|Portrait|Name|Took office|End office|Party|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1||Francisco Guterres|20 May 2002|31 July 2007|Fretilin||
|2|100px|Fernando de Araújo|8 August 2007|30 July 2012|Democratic Party||
|3||Vicente Guterres|30 July 2012|2016|CNRT||
|4||Adérito Hugo da Costa|2016|2017|CNRT||
|5||Aniceto Guterres Lopes|5 September 2017|2018|Fretilin||
|6||Arão Noé da Costa Amaral|5 April 2018|2020|CNRT||
|(5)||Aniceto Guterres Lopes|19 May 2020|22 June 2023|Fretilin||
|7||Maria Fernanda Lay|22 June 2023|_Incumbent_|CNRT||

## Related pages

- Prime Minister of East Timor
- Lists of office-holders

## Infobox (political post)

- **post**: President
- **body**: East Timor
- **flagsize**: 200px
- **flagcaption**: Flag of East Timor, Presidential Flag
- **insignia**: Coat of arms of East Timor.svg
- **insigniasize**: 125px
- **insigniacaption**: Coat of arms of East Timor
- **image**: Portrait of Jose Ramos-Horta.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **incumbent**: José Ramos-Horta
- **residence**: Nicolau Lobato Presidential Palace
- **incumbentsince**: 20 May 2022
- **style**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **appointer**: Direct election
- **termlength**: Five years
- **termlength qualified**: Renewable
- **formation**: 28 November 1975
- **inaugural**: Francisco Xavier do Amaral
Vicente Guterres

**Vicente da Silva Guterres** (born 22 January 1956) is an East Timorese politician. He is a member of the National Parliament of East Timor and its Vice-President since 2007.

He was elected President of the National Parliament without opposition in July 2012.

## Infobox (president)

- **image**: Vicente da Silva Guterres.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **name**: Vicente Guterres
- **honorific suffix**: National Parliament of East Timor, MP
- **order**: President of East Timor
- **status**: Acting
- **primeminister**: Xanana Gusmão
- **term start**: 11 February 2008
- **term end**: 13 February 2008
- **predecessor**: José Ramos-Horta
- **successor**: Fernando de Araújo (East Timorese politician), Fernando de Araújo <small>(Acting)</small>
- **office1**: President of the National Parliament of East Timor, National Parliament
- **term start1**: 30 July 2012
- **term end1**: 2016
- **predecessor1**: Fernando de Araújo (East Timorese politician), Fernando de Araújo
- **successor1**: :de:Adérito Hugo da Costa, Adérito Hugo da Costa
- **party**: National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction, CNRT
Francisco Xavier do Amaral

**Francisco Xavier do Amaral** (3 December 1937 – 6 March 2012) was an East Timorese politician. Amaral was sworn in as the first President of East Timor when the country, then a Portuguese colony, made a unilateral declaration of independence on 28 November 1975.

He was a member of the National Parliament for the Timorese Social Democratic Association from 2001 until his death.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Francisco Xavier do Amaral
- **image**: Francisco Xavier do Amaral.jpg
- **caption**: Francisco Xavier do Amaral during election campaign in 2007
- **nationality**: East Timorese
- **order**: President of East Timor
- **term start**: 28 November 1975
- **term end**: 7 December 1975
- **predecessor**: _Position established_
- **successor**: Nicolau dos Reis Lobato <small>(acting)</small>
- **birth place**: Turiscai, Portuguese Timor
- **death place**: Dili, East Timor
- **party**: Timorese Social Democratic Association
- **occupation**: Politician
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato

**Nicolau dos Reis Lobato** (24 May 1946 – 31 December 1978) was an East-Timorese politician and national hero.

Lobato was the 1st Prime Minister of East Timor from 28 November to 7 December 1975.

On 31 December 1978, Lobato was ambushed by Indonesian special forces and was killed after being shot in the stomach.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Nicolau Lobato
- **image**: Rotunda do Aeroporto.jpg
- **nationality**: East Timorese
- **order**: President of East Timor

- **term start**: 7 December 1975
- **term end**: 31 December 1978
- **predecessor**: Francisco Xavier do Amaral
- **successor**: Sérgio Vieira de Mello as UN Administrator 1999–2002
 Xanana Gusmão as President 2002–2007
- **order2**: 1st Prime Minister of East Timor
- **term start2**: 28 November 1975
- **term end2**: 7 December 1975
- **predecessor2**: _Position Established_
- **successor2**: Mari Alkatiri (as Prime Minister in 2002)
- **birth place**: Bazartete, Portuguese Timor
- **spouse**: Isabel Barreto Lobato (1972–1975; _her death_)
- **party**: Fretilin