juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Michael Rennie

**Michael Rennie** (born **Eric Alexander Rennie**; 25 August 1909 – 10 June 1971) was an English actor. He is best known for his starring role as the space visitor Klaatu in the science fiction movie _The Day the Earth Stood Still_ (1951).

## Other websites

- The Complete Michael Rennie  – Fan site

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Michael Rennie
- **image**: MichaelRennie2.jpg
- **caption**: Michael Rennie as "Klaatu" in
_The Day The Earth Stood Still_ (1951).
- **birth name**: Eric Alexander Rennie
- **birth place**: Idle, West Yorkshire, Idle near Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, UK
- **death place**: Harrogate, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, UK
- **death cause**: Aortic aneurysm
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1936–1969
- **children**: John Marshall Rennie (1944)
 David James Rennie (1953)
- **restingplace**: Harlow Hill Cemetery
Harrogate, North Yorkshire
- **spouse**: Maggie McGrath (1947–1960) (divorced) one child
Joan England (1938–1945) (divorced)
- **partner**: Renee Taylor _(née Gilbert)_ (1916–2005)
The Day the Earth Stood Still

***The Day the Earth Stood Still*** (a.k.a. ***Farewell to the Master*** and ***Journey to the World***) is a 1951 American black-and-white science fiction movie from 20th Century Fox. It was produced by Julian Blaustein, directed by Robert Wise and stars Michael Rennie, Patricia Neal, Billy Gray, Hugh Marlowe, and Sam Jaffe.

The screenplay was written by Edmund H. North. It is based on the 1940 science fiction short story "Farewell to the Master" by Harry Bates. The score was composed by Bernard Herrmann.

In 1995, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Billy Gray (actor)

**William Thomas "Billy" Gray** (born January 13, 1938) is an American former actor and motorcyclist. He was known primarily for his role as James "Bud" Anderson, Jr., in 193 episodes of the situation comedy _Father Knows Best_ and as an alien in the movie _The Day the Earth Stood Still_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Billy Gray
- **image**: File:Billy Gray 1977.jpg
- **caption**: Gray in 1977
- **birth name**: William Thomas Gray
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1943–80 (actor)
1970–95 (motorcyclist)
- **spouse**: Helena Kallianiotes
- **website**: http://www.billygray.com
Sam Jaffe

**Sam Jaffe** (born **Shalom Jaffe**, March 10, 1891 – March 24, 1984) was an American actor, teacher, writer, musician, and engineer.

In 1951, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in _The Asphalt Jungle_ (1950). He also starred in _Ben-Hur_ (1959) and _The Day the Earth Stood Still_ (1951). He may be best remembered for playing the title role in _Gunga Din_ (1939) and the High Lama in _Lost Horizon_ (1937).

also played Admiral Richter in the 1976 tv show season 2 pt 3 of Bionic Woman (kill oscar)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sam Jaffe
- **image**: Sam Jaffe David Zorba Ben Casey.jpg
- **caption**: Jaffe as David Zorba in _Ben Casey_, 1961
- **birth name**: Shalom Jaffe
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
- **death cause**: Prostate cancer
- **resting place**: Eden Memorial Park Cemetery in Mission Hills, California
- **othername**: Sam C. Jaffe
- **occupation**: Actor, teacher, engineer, writer
- **education**: City College of New York
<small>(B.Sc. Engineering, 1912)</small>
- **yearsactive**: 1934–1984
- **spouse**:
Hugh Marlowe

**Hugh Marlowe** (born **Hugh Herbert Hipple**, January 30, 1911 – May 2, 1982) was an American movie, television, stage and radio actor.

Marlowe was known for his works with 20th Century Fox, appearing in _Twelve O'Clock High_ (1949), _All About Eve_ (1950), _Night and the City_ (1950), _The Day the Earth Stood Still_ (1951), _Rawhide_ (1951), and Howard Hawks' _Monkey Business_ (1952).

His later movies include  _Earth vs. the Flying Saucers_ (1956), _Elmer Gantry_ (1960), _Birdman of Alcatraz_ (1962), and _Seven Days in May_ (1964).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Hugh Marlowe
- **image**: File:Hugh Marlowe in All About Eve.jpg
- **caption**: Hugh Marlowe in _All About Eve_ (1950)
- **birthname**: Hugh Herbert Hipple
- **birth place**: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, U.S.
- **death cause**: Heart attack
- **yearsactive**: 1936-1982
- **spouse**: Edith Atwater (1941-46)
K. T. Stevens (1946-68) 2 sons
Rosemary Torri (1968-82 (his death) (1 child)
- **children**: Hugh Marlowe II
Chris Marlowe
Jeffrey Marlowe
Hoosiers

***Hoosiers*** is a 1986 sports movie about a high school basketball team from a small town in Indiana that wins their state championship. It written by Angelo Pizzo and directed by David Anspaugh. The story comes from a team at Milan High School that won the 1954 state championship.

Gene Hackman played Norman Dale, a new coach but who had problems in his past. Other stars include Barbara Hershey and Dennis Hopper (he would earn a Oscar nomination for his role). The music also got Jerry Goldsmith a nomination for an Academy Award. In 2001, _Hoosiers_ was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Conrad Murray

**Conrad Robert Murray** (born February 19, 1953) is an American cardiologist who is best known for his role as Michael Jackson's personal physician at the time of the pop star's death in June 2009. He was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter in 2011 for administering a lethal dose of the anesthetic propofol to Jackson, which led to the singer's fatal cardiac arrest. Murray was sentenced to four years in prison but was released in 2013 after serving about two years due to good behavior and overcrowding.

The case received significant media attention and sparked discussions about celebrity healthcare, prescription drug use, and the responsibilities of physicians. Since his release, Murray has made various public appearances and has expressed his thoughts on the events surrounding Jackson's death and the impact it had on his life and career.
Kankai Municipality

**Kankai Municipality** is a municipality in Jhapa District of Nepal. In May 2014 two village development committees, Surunga and Ghailadubba joined together to form this municipality.

Surunga, Ghailadubba, Laxmipur and Durgapur are major places for trade in this municipality.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Kankai Municipality
- **native name**: कन्काई नगरपालिका
- **pushpin map**: Nepal Province1#Nepal
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **map caption**: Kankai Municipality in Province No. 1 of Nepal
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Zones of Nepal, Zone
- **subdivision name1**: Mechi Zone
- **subdivision type2**: District
- **subdivision name2**: Jhapa District
- **established title**: Incorporated
- **established date**: November 16, 1960
- **government type**: Mayor–council government, Mayor–council
- **governing body**: Kankai Municipality
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Rajendra Kumar Pokharel
- **leader title1**: Deputy Mayor
- **leader name1**: Manju Prasai
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Nepal Standard Time, NST
- **utc offset**: +05:45
- **elevation m**: 300
- **area code**: 023
Robert Whittaker

**Robert Harding Whittaker** (December 27, 1920 – October 20, 1980) was a distinguished American plant ecologist

In 1969 Whittaker proposed a "five kingdom" system in which three kingdoms were added to the animals and plants: Monera, Protista, and Fungi. Whittaker defined the kingdoms by a number of special characteristics.
Prince Sanggye

**Prince Sanggye** (January 21, 1769 - November 20, 1786) or **Crown Prince Wanpung** was a royal family member of the Joseon dynasty in Korea.

He was the first son of Prince Eunjeon. Euneon was a illegitimate son of Crown Prince Sado.  His mother was Lady Song of Sangsan.
Surunga

**Surunga** is a center for trade in Kankai Municipality of Jhapa District in Nepal. Kankai river flows from the western side of this place. The name Surunga came from word "surung" which means tunnel. It is believed that five brothers in mahabharat made a tunnel till there for escape.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Surunga
- **other name**: n/a
- **native name**: सुरुंगा
- **settlement type**: Town
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Map of the village development committees in Jhapa District
- **pushpin map**: Nepal
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin mapsize**: 250
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Nepal
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Nepal
- **subdivision type1**: Zones of Nepal, Zone
- **subdivision name1**: Mechi Zone
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Nepal, District
- **subdivision name2**: Jhapa District
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population total**: 44,222
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities: Surunga has a mixed ethnicity including Bahun, Chhetri, Rai, Limbu, Satar, Damai, Kami, Rajbanshi as the major ethnic groups but has a large pool of Newar, Tamang, Magar, Marwadi and many other communities.
- **timezone**: Nepal Standard Time, Nepal time
- **utc offset**: +5:45
- **area code**: Telephone numbers in Nepal, 23
Crown Prince Uiso

**Crown Prince Uiso** (; 27 September 1750 - 17 April 1752) was a royal family member of Korea Joseon dynasty. His real name is **Yi Jeong** ().

He was born in the Changkyeong palace in Hanseong. He was the first son of Crown Prince Sado and Lady Hyegyeong.
He died when he was three years old.
Luluwa

**Luluwa** "Pearl" was the first daughter of Adam and Eve in some traditions of the Abrahamic religions. She is sometimes called **Aclima** or **Kalmana**. She was also the sister and wife of Abel. Luluwa was married to Abel, then when Abel died she married Cain.

She is not mentioned in the writings that became the Bible.
Ghailadubba

**Ghailadubba** is a small town in Kankai Municipality of Jhapa District in Nepal. In 2014 it joined with Surunga to form Kankai Municipality.

Jute, animals and Food grains are the major products traded in this town.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ghailadubba
- **native name**: घैलाडुब्बा
- **settlement type**: Town
- **mapsize**: 300px
- **map caption**: Map of the village development committees in Jhapa District
- **pushpin map**: Nepal
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Nepal
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Zones of Nepal, Zone
- **subdivision name1**: Mechi Zone
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of Nepal, District
- **subdivision name2**: Jhapa District
- **population as of**: 1991
- **population total**: 11,185
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population blank1 title**: Ethnicities
- **timezone**: Nepal Standard Time, Nepal time
- **utc offset**: +5:45
Script.NET

**Script.NET** or **S#** is a programming language that provides scripting functionality in Microsoft .NET applications. The syntax of Script.NET is similar to JavaScript. It is designed to be a simple and efficient scripting language allowing to customize .NET applications. The language has a true runtime interpreter, and it is executed without generating additional in-memory assemblies.

Script.NET is an open-source project.

## External References

ScriptDotNet.Homepage
Kankai River

The **Kankai River** (also known as Mai Khola) () is a river flowing from North to south in eastern part of Nepal. It flows through Ilam District and Jhapa District of Nepal. The name **Kankai**  came from 'KANAKA' a Sanskrit word in which it means gold. It is also considered to be a sacred river for Hindus. The bank of Kankai river is popular for holy bath and worshiping.
Serif

||Sans-serif font|
| --- | --- |
||Serif font|
||Serif font (serifs in red)|

A **serif** is a term in typography. If a letter is made of a line or lines, a serif is a tiny decorative line on the ends of letter's 'limbs'. Thus, in the illustration on the right, each serif letter has a serif on the end of its lines. Alphabetic typefaces either have serifs or not. Those without are called sans-serif.

The design of our typefaces started in the 15th century, when the early printers used moulds from which letters made of lead were produced.

However, the original source of the serif may be in monumental inscriptions. Serifs are on the letters at the base of Trajan's column (built 107~113 AD), and are clearly illustrated in standard textbooks on typography. Indeed, older literature often describes typefaces with serifs as _Roman_. The word _serif_ seems to be an early 19th century innovation.

## Related pages

- Typography
- Sans serif
- Font
Adair County, Kentucky

**Adair County** is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 18,903. The county seat is Columbia.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Adair County
- **state**: Kentucky
- **founded year**: 1801
- **seat wl**: Columbia
- **largest city wl**: Columbia
- **area total sq mi**: 412
- **area land sq mi**: 405
- **area water sq mi**: 7.1
- **area percentage**: 1.7
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 18903
- **density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: www.columbia-adaircounty.com
- **named for**: John Adair
- **ex image**: Adair_County_Kentucky_courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Adair County Courthouse in Columbia
- **district**: 1st
Quindío Department

**Quindío** is a department in western Colombia. The capital is Armenia.
Ali ibn Musa

**Ali ibn Musa** (), also known by his title **Ar-Ridha** (_the contented_), was the eighth Shia Imam, after his father Musa al-Kadhim, and before his son Muhammad al-Jawad. He was an Imam of knowledge according to the Zaydi (Fiver) Shia school and Sufis. He lived in a period when Abbasid caliphs were facing many difficulties, the most important of which was Shia revolts. The Caliph Al-Mamun tried to fix this problem by appointing Al-Ridha as the next caliph, however, according to the Shia view, when Al-Ma'mun saw that the Imam gained even more popularity, he decided to correct his mistake by poisoning him. The Imam was buried in a village in Khorasan, which afterwards gained the name Mashhad, meaning the place of martyrdom. Today the Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad occupies a total area of 598,657 square meters (147.931 acres).

## Works

Following works are attributed to him.
- Al-Risalah al-Dhahabiah (The Golden Treatise)
- Sahifa Al-Ridha
- Uyun al Akhbar Al-Ridha
- Fiqh Al-Ridha (Al-Ridha's Jurisprudence)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: **Ali ibn Musa**
- **image**: Imam reza-224009.jpg
- **birth date**: 766 CE
- **birth place**: Medina
- **death date**: 818 CE
- **death place**: Persia
- **other names**: _Ar-Ridha_
- **known for**: Mysticism, Shia Imam
420 (cannabis culture)

**420**, **4:20**, or **4/20**  (pronounced **four-twenty**) is a code word used by people who smoke cannabis to talk about the drug. It is especially used to talk about smoking cannabis at 4:20pm (16:20) in the afternoon, and for the day April 20 (4/20 in the American calendar).

The term appeared in 1971 from five American high school students in California.

April 20 became the day of cannabis-related events, celebrations, and protests.

## Infobox (holiday)

- **holiday name**: 420
- **type**: secular
- **image**: 420Louis.jpg
- **caption**: Statue of Louis Pasteur created by Benny Bufano at San Rafael High School.
- **observedby**: Cannabis (drug), Cannabis counterculture, Legality of cannabis, legal reformers, Religious and spiritual use of cannabis, entheogenic spiritualists
- **date**: April 20
- **scheduling**: April 20 annually
- **observances**: Cannabis consumption
- **frequency**: annual
- **duration**: 1 day
Bhang

**Bhang** () is food made from cannabis. It was used in food and drink as early as 1000 B.C. in India. By tradition, people drink bhang during the spring festival of Holi.

## Infobox (drink)

- **name**: Bhang
- **image**: File:Process of making bhang in Punjab, India.jpg
- **image size**: 240px
- **caption**: Process of making bhang into a Cannabis edible, drink
- **type**: A Cannabis edible, cannabis-infused drink  infused with THC and can be as potent as a cannabis-infused food.
- **origin**: India
- **region**: Indian subcontinent
Sun Kosi

The **Sun Kosi** is a river that flows from Tibet to Nepal. It is a part of Kosi River which flows into India. The name 'Sun Kosi' comes from the Nepali word 'sun' which means gold and 'kosi' which means river. Many people go to this river for rafting in Nepal.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Sun Kosi (Poiqu)
- **image**: The Friendship Bridge connecting China with Nepal.jpg
- **image caption**: The Sino-Nepal Friendship Bridge over the Sun Kosi at Kodari
- **source1 location**: Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet
- **mouth location**: Joins with Arun River, Arun and Tamur River, Tamur to form Kosi River, Saptkoshi at Trivenighat, Nepal
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Tibet, Nepal
- **river system**: Kosi River
- **tributaries left**: Tamba Koshi, Likhu Khola, Dudh Kosi
- **tributaries right**: Indravati River, Nepal, Indravati River
International Lefthanders Day

**International Lefthanders Day** is on August 13. It was created in 1976, for people who are lefties. It was first observed on the 13th of August 1976. It is meant to promote awareness of the inconveniences faced by left-handers in a predominantly right-handed world.
Arun River

The **Arun River** () is a river that flows from Tibet to Nepal. It is a part of Koshi River which flows into India. It is known as **Phung Chu** or **Bum-chu** at Tibet, from where it starts. Around 37 percent of the total water of Koshi River comes from this river.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Arun
- **image**: Arun River of Nepal.JPG
- **image size**: 250px
- **image caption**: View of Arun River from Leguwa VDC of Nepal.
- **pushpin map**: Nepal
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of mouth in Nepal
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Nepal, China
- **subdivision type2**: State
- **subdivision name2**: Tibet
- **discharge1 location**: Kosi river
- **source1**: Gutso
- **source1 location**: Tibet
- **mouth**: Confluence with Sun Kosi and Tamur River to form Koshi River, Sapta Kosi
- **mouth location**: Triveni, Nepal, Tribenighat, Nepal
- **tributaries left**: Yeru Tsanpo, Trakar-chu
- **tributaries right**: Barun River
Tamur River

The **Tamur River** is a river that flows in estern part of Nepal. Its source is near the Kanchenjunga mountain. Tamur and Arun River joins the Sun Kosi to form Koshi River which flows into India.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Tambar Nadi
- **image**: Tamur River.jpg
- **source1 location**: near Kanchenjunga
- **mouth location**: Confluence with Arun River, Arun and Sun Kosi to form Koshi River, Sapta Koshi at Tribeni, Nepal
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Nepal
- **river system**: Koshi River
Dudh Kosi

**Dudh Kosi** (दुधकोशी नदी, _Milk-Kosi River_) is a river that flows from north to south in eastern Nepal. It is one of the rivers that joins to form Kosi River. The name 'Dudh Kosi' comes from Nepali word 'Dudh' which means milk, and 'kosi' which means river.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Dudh Kosi
- **image**: Dudh Koshi River, Nepal.jpg
- **source1 location**: East of Gokyo Lakes
- **mouth location**: Sun Kosi near Harkapur
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Nepal
- **river system**: Kosi River
- **tributaries left**: Imja Khola
Lock-in amplifier

A **lock-in amplifier** is a type of amplifier that can extract a signal with a known carrier wave from an extremely noisy environment.
Indravati River, Nepal

The **Indravati River** () is a river in Nepal. It is a tributary of Sun Kosi river which later joins Koshi River. It is also known as 'Melamchi khola'.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Indravati River/ Melamchi Khola
- **image**: IndrawatiRiver kavre.JPG
- **image caption**: Indravati River
- **source1 location**: Himalayas
- **mouth location**: Sun Kosi at Dolalghat
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Nepal
- **river system**: Koshi River
9ice

**Abolore Akande** (born January 17, 1980), popularly known as **9ice** is a Nigerian hip-hop singer and politician. 9ice became popular after releasing the album _Kongo Aso_ in 2008. That same year, he won the MTV Africa Music Awards for Best Hip Hop Artist and the  Music Of Black Origin (MOBO) Award for Best African Act category. In 2015, he was named as Special Adviser to Abiola Ajimobi, the governor of Oyo State.

## Background

9ice grew up in Lagos state, Nigeria in shomolu Bariga suburbs. 9ice had always dreamed of being a musician. His parents support him while discovering that he has a singing talent.

## Career

9ice released the single _Gongo Aso song in 2008 where the_ song start gaining popularity,
9ice perform at the Nelson Mandela 90th Birthday Tribert in London, United Kingdom in same year, June 2008.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Alexander Abolore Adegbola
- **image**: 9ice 9ice.jpg
- **nationality**: Oyo State, Nigeria
- **years active**: 2000-present
Oyo State

**Oyo State** is one of the 36 states of Nigeria. It is located in south-west part of Nigeria and its capital is Ibadan, the largest city in Nigeria.

## History

It was created from Western States and included Osun State, which later splitted in 1991.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Oyo State
- **type**: States of Nigeria, State
- **established title**: List of Nigerian states by date of statehood, Date created
- **established date**: 3 February 1976
- **flag alt**: Flag of Ọyọ State
- **flag size**: 120px
- **seal alt**: Seal of Ọyọ State
- **nickname**: List of Nigerian state nicknames, Pace Setter State
- **image map**: Nigeria - Oyo.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Ọyọ State in Nigeria
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **seat type**: List of Nigerian state capitals, Capital
- **seat**: Ibadan
- **leader party**: People's Democratic Party (Nigeria), PDP
- **leader title**: List of Nigerian state governors, Governor
- **leader name**: Seyi Makinde, Oluwaseyi Makinde
- **leader title1**: Deputy Governor
- **leader name1**: Rauf Olaniyan
- **leader title2**: Senate of Nigeria, Senators
- **leader title3**: Nigerian House of Representatives, Representatives
- **leader name3**: Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Oyo, List
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 28454
- **population total**: 5,580,894
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population density km2**: auto
- **demographics type1**: List of Nigerian states by GDP, GDP
- **demographics1 title1**: Year
- **demographics1 info1**: List of Nigerian states by GDP, 2007
- **demographics1 title2**: Total
- **demographics1 info2**: $29.8 billion
- **demographics1 title3**: Per capita
- **demographics1 info3**: $2,666
- **timezone1**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset1**: +01
- **postal code type**: postal code
- **postal code**: 200001
- **iso code**: ISO 3166-2:NG, NG-OY
- **blank name sec1**: Human Development Index, HDI (2018)
- **blank info sec1**: 0.626
 · List of Nigerian states by Human Development Index, 11th of 37
Abiola Ajimobi

**Isiaka Abiola Ajimobi** (16 December 1949 – 25 June 2020) was a Nigerian politician from Oyo State. He was elected in 2003 as a Senator of the Republic of Nigeria representing Oyo South Senatorial District on the platform of the Alliance for Democracy (AD). After one term in the senate, he contested in 2007 the governorship of Oyo state under the banner of the All Nigeria People's Party, a bid which he lost. He was also an oil businessman.

He died from COVID-19 on 25 June 2020, aged 70.
Living things (song)

**Living things** is a song written and recorded by the Nigerian Hip-Hop singer, Abolore Akande.  It was produced by Young John as a single from the studio album _ID Cabasa_. On 12th January 2018, the song won the SoundcityMVP Awards for Viewer Choice category.
The song have been strongly criticized for promoting internet fraud.
Fula people

**Fula** or **Fulani people** are ethnic groups in West Africa. They are mostly cattle herders and traders. Their native language is called Fulfulde.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Fellata, Fulbhé, Poulloh(singulier), Fellah, Fulani
- **image**: 1997 275-27 Wodaabe fashion.jpg
- **image caption**: Fulani Man
- **native name**: _Fulɓe_

- **population**: 34.4 million – 41.2 million
- **popplace**: West Africa, North Africa and Central Africa
- **pop1**: 13,167,832 (6%)
- **pop2**: 4,301,217 (33.4%)
- **pop3**: 4,928,835 (27.5%)
- **pop4**: 3,900,000 (13.9%) Includes over 1 million **Mbororo'en**
- **pop5**: 1,867,829 (13.3%)
- **pop6**: 1,796,143 (8.4%)
- **pop7**: 1,534,375 (6.5%)
- **pop8**: 900,000 (20.9%)
- **pop10**: 860,752 (8.6%)
- **pop11**: 563,213 (28.5%)
- **pop12**: 420,206 (24.1%)
- **pop13**: 313,454 (1.8%)
- **pop14**: 300,000 (0.7%)
- **pop15**: 266,581 (3.8%)
- **pop16**: 250,000 (5%)
- **pop17**: 4,600 (0.02%)
- **pop18**: 4,000 (0.02%)
- **pop19**: 3,800 (0.02%)
- **langs**: Fulfuldé language, Fulfuldé • Arabic language, Arabic •
- **rels**: Islam
- **related groups**: Berbères, Touareg, ,toucouleurs, songhaï
Fulfulde

**Fulfulde** is the native language of the Fulani people.
Imja Khola

The **Imja Khola** () is a tributary of Dudh Kosi river which flows in estern part of Nepal. This river is on the trekking route Which passes through the Rhododendron forest in Everest base camp region.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Imja Khola
- **image**: Imja Khola.JPG
- **image caption**: Imja Khola river with Ama Dablam in the background
- **source1 location**: Imja Glacier
- **mouth location**: Dudh Kosi at Tengboche
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Nepal
- **river system**: Koshi River
Bagmati River

The **Bagmati River** is a river in Bagmati Zone of Nepal. It is a holy river for both Hindus and Buddhists. This river flows through Kathmandu valley. Many temples can be seen in the bank of this river. Pashupatinath temple is also at the bank of this river. Due to large population of the cities this river is very polluted.
Bandipore district

**Bandipora district** is a district in Jammu and Kashmir state in northern India. The district headquarters is Bandipora.
Gandaki River

The **Gandaki River** is one of the major rivers of Nepal. It is the deepest river of Nepal. It is a tributary of Ganges in India. Ammonite fossils found at the bank of this river are called 'Shaligrams'. They are black, hard stones which represents Vishnu, a Hindu god.
Trishuli River

The **Trishuli River** is one of the major rivers of Nepal. It is a tributary of Narayani River of Nepal. It originates from the Tibet region of China. The name of the river came from 'Trishula' a weapon carried by Hindu god Shiva.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Trishuli River (Kyirong Tsangpo)
- **image**: Trisuli River in Rasuwa.JPG
- **image caption**: Trisuli River in Rasuwa
- **source1 location**: Gosaikunda, Rasuwa District, Rasuwa, Nepal
- **mouth location**: Gandaki River, Narayani River
- **river system**: Gandaki River, Narayani River
- **tributaries right**: Zarong-chu
Seti Gandaki River

The **Seti Gandaki River (Nepali:सेती गण्डकी नदि)** is a river at western part of Nepal. It is a tributary of Trishuli River. It is one of the holy river in Hindu religion. It is worshipped as a form of Vishnu. It flows south and south-east past Pokhara and Damauli to join the Trishuli River near Devghat.

In May 2012 a flood on the river killed more than 60 people north of Pokhara. It also changed the course of the river.
Lhotse

**Lhotse** is the fourth tallest mountain of the world. It's height is  above sea level. The summit of this mountain is in the border of Tibet and Nepal.
Vedic period

The **Vedic period** or **Vedic civilization** (c. 1500 – c. 600 BC) is a period in the history of the Indian subcontinent between the end of the Indus Valley Civilization, and about  BC. It gets its name from the _Vedas_, which are religious texts. They contain some details of life during this period. They are the main sources for understanding this period.

The _Vedas_ were composed and orally transmitted by speakers of an Old Indo-Aryan language. They had migrated into the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent early in this period. The associated Vedic culture was tribal and pastoral until  c. 1200 or 1100 BC, and centered in the Punjab region.

The society then spread eastward to the Ganges Plain, becoming more agricultural and settled. The Vedic period saw the emergence of social classes, and developed into kingdoms known as the Janapada. Archaeological cultures show phases of Vedic culture such as the Ochre Coloured Pottery culture, the Gandhara Grave culture, the Black and red ware culture and the Painted Grey Ware culture.
Makalu

**Makalu** is the fifth tallest mountain of the world. Its height is  above sea level. Its shape is like a pyramid with four sides. It is located in the border of Nepal and China.
Walter Pérez Villamonte

**Walter Pérez Villamonte** (3 November 1936 – 29 March 2018) was a Bolivian Roman Catholic bishop.

Pérez Villamonte was ordained to the priesthood in 1962. He served as titular bishop of _Churbis_ and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sucre, Bolivia, from 1995 to 1998. He then served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Potosí, Bolivia, from 1998 to 2009.

Pérez Villamonte died on 29 March 2018 at the age of 81.
Tarasp

**Tarasp** was a municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. Its eleven settlements are situated within the Lower Engadin valley along the Inn River, at the foot of the Sesvenna Range. On 1 January 2015, the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into the municipality of Scuol.

Originally a Romansh language area, the majority of the population today speaks High Alemannic German. Unlike the surrounding municipalities, the Tarasp parish is mainly Catholic.

## History

Tarasp was also a Lordship of the Holy Roman Empire, which joined the Austrian Imperial Circle in 1512 and was passed to the Princes of Dietrichstein in 1683.

Tarasp was an Austrian enclave inside the Free State of the Three Leagues, an associate of the Old Swiss Confederacy until 1809, when Austria ceded the territory to Revolutionary France, who subsequently passed it to Graubünden.

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Tarasp
- **image photo**: Tarasp-01.jpg
- **image caption**: Lake Tarasp at dawn
- **municipality name**: Tarasp
- **municipality type**: former
- **imagepath coa**: Tarasp wappen.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Tarasp.png
- **languages**: German, Romansh
- **canton**: Graubünden
- **iso-code-region**: CH-GR
- **district**: Inn (district), Inn
- **postal code**: 7553
- **municipality code**: 3745
- **area**: 46.9
- **elevation**: 1403
- **population**: 337
- **populationof**: Dec 2014
- **popofyear**: 2014
- **website**: www.tarasp.ch
- **places**: Fontana, Vulpera, Sparsels, Aschera, Avrona, Chaposch, Chants, Florins, Nairs, Sgnè, Vallatscha
- **neighboring municipalities**: Ardez, Ftan, Scuol, Tschierv, Zernez
Ruelisheim

**Ruelisheim** is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.
Lavau-sur-Loire

**Lavau-sur-Loire** is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France. In 2015, 761 people lived there.

## Related pages

- Communes of the Loire-Atlantique department
Deaths in April 2018

The following is a list of **deaths that should be noted in April 2018**. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.
Edward Seaga

**Edward Philip George Seaga** ( or ; ON, PC; 28 May 1930 – 28 May 2019) was a Jamaican politician. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Jamaica, from 1980 to 1989, and the leader of the Jamaica Labour Party from 1974 to 2005. He served as leader of the opposition from 1974 to 1980, and again from 1989 until January 2005.

Seaga died on 28 May 2019 at a hospital in Miami, Florida from cancer on his 89th birthday.

## Infobox (prime minister)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Most Honourable
- **birth name**: Edward Philip George Seaga
- **nationality**: Jamaican
- **image**: Edward Seaga.jpg
- **office1**: Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica), Leader of the Opposition
- **monarch1**: Elizabeth II
- **primeminister1**: Michael Manley
- **term start1**: 1974
- **term end1**: 1 November 1980
- **predecessor1**: Hugh Shearer
- **successor1**: Michael Manley
- **term start2**: 10 February 1989
- **term end2**: 21 January 2005
- **monarch2**: Elizabeth II
- **primeminister2**: Michael Manley
 P. J. Patterson
- **predecessor2**: Michael Manley
- **successor2**: Bruce Golding
- **order**: 5th Prime Minister of Jamaica
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
- **governor general**: Florizel Glasspole, Sir Florizel Glasspole
- **term start**: 1 November 1980
- **term end**: 10 February 1989
- **predecessor**: Michael Manley
- **successor**: Michael Manley
- **office3**: Jamaica Labour Party, Leader of the Jamaica Labour Party
- **term start3**: November 1974
- **term end3**: 21 January 2005
- **predecessor3**: Hugh Shearer
- **successor3**: Bruce Golding
- **birth place**: Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **death place**: Miami, Florida, U.S.
- **party**: Jamaica Labour Party
- **spouse**:
Avichai Rontzki

**Avichai Rontzki** (, October 10, 1951 – April 1, 2018) was the Chief Military Rabbi of the Israel Defense Forces. He served in the position from 2006 to 2010, with a rank of Brigadier General.

His predecessor in that position was Rabbi Israel Weiss. Rontzki was also the rosh yeshiva of the Hesder Yeshiva in the West Bank settlement Itamar.

His four years in office have led to several controversies. Some of his statements upset not only secular Israelis, but led many organizations outside of Israel to accuse him of inciting terrorism.

## Infobox (military person)

- **name**: Avichai Rontzki
- **image**: Avichai Rontzki.jpg
- **birth place**: Haifa, Israel
- **allegiance**: Israel
- **branch**: Israel Defense Forces
- **serviceyears**: 1969 – 2010
- **rank**: Brigadier General
- **unit**: Military Rabbinate
- **commands**: Commander of the Military Rabbinate
- **laterwork**: Rosh Yeshiva of Itamar
Michel Sénéchal

**Michel Sénéchal** (11 February 1927 – 1 April 2018) was a French tenor. He worked with French and Italian character roles in a repertory ranging from Baroque to contemporary works. Sénéchal was born in Paris, France.

Sénéchal also appeared regularly in operettas, especially by Offenbach, such as _Orphée aux enfers_, _La Vie parisienne_, _La Périchole_, where his comic talent was shown to fine effect. As the years went by Sénéchal started concentrating on character roles such as Basilio in _Nozze di Figaro_, Goro in _Madama Butterfly_, the innocent in _Boris Godunov_, Monsieur Triquet in _Eugene Onegin_, and the four servants in _Les contes d'Hoffmann_, which were his debut roles at the Metropolitan Opera on 8 March 1982.

Sénéchal died on 1 April 2018 in Paris at the age of 91.
Sven-Olov Sjödelius

**Sven-Olov Sjödelius** (13 June 1933 – 29 March 2018) was a Swedish sprint canoeist who competed from the early 1950s to the early 1960s. He won two gold medals in the K-2 1000 m event at the 1960 and 1964 Olympics, as well as three medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships.

Sjödelius died of respiratory failure on 30 March 2018 at the age of 84.

## Other websites

- Sven-Olov Sjödelius. Swedish Olympic Committee
- Sports-reference.com profile

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **image**: Sven-Olov Sjödelius 1960.jpg
- **caption**: Sven-Olov Sjödelius at the 1960 Olympics
- **birth place**: Svärta, Sweden
- **sport**: Canoe racing
- **club**: Nyköpings Kanotklubb
- **show-medals**: yes
Margarita Carrera

**Margarita Carrera Molina** (16 September 1929 – 31 March 2018) was a Guatemalan philosopher, professor and writer. She was a member of the Academia Guatemalteca de la Lengua and the 1996 laureate of the Miguel Ángel Asturias National Prize in Literature. She was born in Guatemala City.

Carrera died in Guatemala City on 31 March 2018 at the age of 88.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Margarita Carrera Molina
- **image**: Margaritacarrera1940.jpg
- **birth place**: Guatemala City, Guatemala
- **death place**: Guatemala City, Guatemala
- **other names**: Margarita Carrera de Wever
- **occupation**: writer, philosopher, educator
- **years active**: 1957–2018
Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon

**Madame de Maintenon**  (27 November 1635 – 15 April 1719) was a French woman. She became the second wife of King Louis XIV, even though the marriage was never announced to the public.

She was born "_Françoise d'Aubigné_", a daughter of Constant d'Aubigné and his wife Jeanne de Cardilhac. She was born in Niort, in western France. In 1652, Françoise  married Paul Scarron As a result, she became known as "Madame Scarron". She eventually became a friend of Madame de Montespan and was to be the main governess of the children of King Louis and Montespan.

In 1675, the king gave her the title of Marquise de Maintenon after the name of her personal estate. This favour incurred Madame de Montespan's jealousy. At court, she was now known as ***Madame de Maintenon***, as a result of King Louis buying her and estate at Maintenon. It has been suspected that Maintenon and King Louis a private marriage ceremony between October 1683 and January 1684. King Louis' wife Queen Marie Thérèse died in July 1683. As a result of her birth Maintenon would never be acknowledged as Louis' wife or as queen. She founded the _Maison royale de Saint Louis_, a school for girls from poorer noble families, in 1684.

## Infobox (nobility)

- **name**: Madame de Maintenon
- **title**: Marquise of Maintenon
- **image**: Françoise d'Aubigné, marquise de Maintenon (1635-1719), et sa nièce Françoise d'Aubigné, future duchesse de Noailles.jpg
- 200px
- **caption**: Maintenon an her niece (wife of the future Marie Therese of Austria, Duke o Noailles)
- **spouse**: Paul Scarron
Louis XIV of France (_secret_)
- **issue**: _none_
- **full name**: Françoise d'Aubigné
- **father**: Constant d'Aubigné
- **mother**: Jeanne de Cardilhac
- **birth date**: 27 November 1635
- **birth place**: _Hôtel du Chaumont_, Niort, France
- **death date**: 15 Aprile 1719 (aged 83)
- **death place**: Saint Cyr, France
- **occupation**: Mistress an secret wife o Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV
- **signature**:
Luigi De Filippo

**Luigi De Filippo** (10 August 1930 – 31 March 2018) was an Italian actor, stage director and playwright. He was known for his movie role in _Non è vero... ma ci credo_, _You're on Your Own_, and in _Love Italian Style_.

De Filippo died in Rome on 31 March 2018 of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 87.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Luigi De Filippo
- **image**: Luigi De Filippo - Cerasella (1959).JPG
- **caption**: De Filippo in _Cerasella_ (1959)
- **birth place**: Naples, Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Italy
- **occupation**: Actor, playwright, theatre director
- **parents**: Peppino De Filippo
Adele Carloni
Peg Lautenschlager

**Peggy Ann "Peg" Lautenschlager** (November 22, 1955 – March 31, 2018) was an American attorney and politician. He was the first chair of the Wisconsin Ethics Commission.

Lautenschlager was Attorney General of the State of Wisconsin from January 3, 2003 to January 3, 2007. She replaced fellow Democrat Jim Doyle when Doyle was elected Governor of Wisconsin in 2002.

Lautenschlager was the first woman in history to have been elected Wisconsin Attorney General.

Lautenschlager died on March 31, 2018 at her home in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin of breast and bone cancer, aged 62.

## Infobox (governor)

- **name**: Peg Lautenschlager
- **image**: Peg Lautenschlager Headshot.jpg
- **imagesize**: 170px
- **order**: 1st
- **office**: Chair of the Wisconsin Ethics Commission
- **term start**: July 11, 2016
- **term end**: April 8, 2017
- **predecessor**: _Commission established_
- **successor**: David R. Halbrooks
- **office1**: 42nd Wisconsin Attorney General, Attorney General of Wisconsin
- **term start1**: January 3, 2003
- **term end1**: January 3, 2007
- **predecessor1**: Jim Doyle
- **successor1**: J. B. Van Hollen
- **office2**: United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin, United States Attorney for the Western District of Wisconsin
- **appointer2**: Bill Clinton
- **term start2**: 1993
- **term end2**: 2001
- **predecessor2**: Kevin C. Potter
- **successor2**: J. B. Van Hollen
- **state assembly3**: Wisconsin
- **district3**: Wisconsin State Assembly, 52nd
- **term start3**: 1989
- **term end3**: 1993
- **birth name**: Peggy Ann Lautenschlager
- **birth place**: Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, U.S.
- **death place**: Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, U.S.
- **death cause**: Osteosarcoma and breast cancer
- **residence**: Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
- **spouse**: Bill Rippl
- **children**: 5
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
Abdul Latif Dayfallah

**Abdul Latif Dayfallah** () (1 January 1930 – 27 March 2019) was a Yemeni military officer and politician. He joined the Yemeni Army and received military training at the Egyptian Military Academy in Cairo where he acquired Nasserist sympathies. In the September 1962 coup, he held the rank of Major General and served as Director of Signals in the Yemeni military.

Dayfallah was the Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic for 26 April to 5 October 1963, under President Abdullah as-Sallal.
P. J. Patterson

**Percival Noel James Patterson**, ON, PC, QC (born 10 April 1935), is a Jamaican politician. He served as the sixth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1992 to 2006. He was the leader of the People's National Party from 1992 to 2006 and as the Member of Parliament (MP) from 1970 to 1980 when he lost to the Jamaica Labour Party Euphemia Williams, and again from 1989 to 1993.  He served as the MP for Westmoreland Eastern from 1993 to 2006. He retired in March 2006.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Most Honourable
- **birthname**: Percival Noel James Patterson
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of the Nation, ON Privy Council of the United Kingdom, PC Queens Counsel, QC
- **image**: PJPatterson.jpg
- **caption**: Patterson in 2005
- **order1**: 6th Prime Minister of Jamaica
- **term start1**: 30 March 1992
- **term end1**: 30 March 2006
- **monarch1**: Elizabeth II
- **governor general1**: Howard Cooke, Sir Howard Cooke
Kenneth O. Hall, Sir Kenneth O. Hall
- **deputy1**: Seymour Mullings (1993-2002)
- **predecessor1**: Michael Manley
- **successor1**: Portia Simpson-Miller
- **office2**: Prime Minister of Jamaica, Minister of Defence
- **term start2**: 30 March 1992
- **term end2**: 30 March 2006
- **predecessor2**: Michael Manley
- **successor2**: Portia Simpson-Miller
- **office3**: Prime Minister of Jamaica, Deputy Prime Minister of Jamaica
- **primeminister3**: Michael Manley
- **term start3**: February 1989
- **term end3**: March 1992
- **primeminister4**: Michael Manley
- **term start4**: 1978
- **term end4**: 1980
- **office5**: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Jamaica), Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade
- **primeminister5**: Michael Manley
- **predecessor5**: Dudley Thompson
- **successor5**: Hugh Shearer
- **term start5**: 1978
- **term end5**: 1980
- **birth place**: Hanover, Jamaica, Hanover, British Jamaica, Jamaica, Colony of Jamaica
- **party**: People's National Party <small>(1967-present)</small>
Andrew Holness

**Andrew Michael Holness**, ON, MP  (born 22 July 1972) is a Jamaican politician. He is the 9th and current Prime Minister of Jamaica since 3 March 2016. Holness previously served as Prime Minister from October 2011 to January 5, 2012. He succeeded Bruce Golding as Prime minister, and decided to go to the polls in the 2011 Jamaican general election in an attempt to get his own mandate from the Jamaican electorate.

## Early life

Andrew Michael Holness was born on 22 July 1972 in Spanish Town, St. Catherine Jamaica to Working class Parents, Father Morris Holness and Mother Sonia Harvey. Holness attended Primary school on 1 January 1979 and graduated in November 1984.

## Career

He failed in that bid, however, losing to the People’s National Party (PNP) led by Portia Simpson-Miller, with the PNP gaining 42 seats to the Jamaican Labour Party (JLP) 21. Following the 2011 election defeat, Holness served as Leader of the opposition (Jamaica) from 6 January 2012 to 3 March 2016, when he once again assume the Position of Prime minister. 2021 Jamaica general election.

Holness is the youngest person to have become Prime Minister in Jamaica's history, as well as the Country’s ninth Prime minister overall. He is also the first Prime Minister to have been born after Jamaica gained independence in 1962.

In 2022, during Prince William's visit to Jamaica, Holness told Prince William that Jamaica would become a republic by 2025.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Most Honourable
- **name**: Andrew Holness
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of the Nation, ON Member of Parliament, MP
- **image**: File:Prime Minister Holness in Kingston (40140379431) (cropped).jpg
- **office**: 9th Prime Minister of Jamaica
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
Charles III
- **1namedata**: Patrick Allen (politician), Patrick Allen
- **term start**: 3 March 2016
- **predecessor**: Portia Simpson-Miller
- **monarch1**: Elizabeth II
- **1namedata1**: Patrick Allen (politician), Patrick Allen
- **term start1**: 23 October 2011
- **term end1**: 5 January 2012
- **predecessor1**: Bruce Golding
- **successor1**: Portia Simpson-Miller
- **office2**: Leader of the Jamaica Labour Party
- **term start2**: 20 November 2011
- **predecessor2**: Bruce Golding
- **office3**: Minister of Education
- **primeminister3**: Bruce Golding
Himself
- **term start3**: 11 September 2007
- **term end3**: 1 January 2012
- **predecessor3**: Maxine Henry-Wilson
- **successor3**: Ronald Thwaites
- **birth name**: Andrew Michael Holness
- **birth place**: Spanish Town, Jamaica
- **party**: Jamaica Labour Party
- **children**: 2
- **alma mater**: University of the West Indies
Patrick Allen (politician)

**Sir Patrick Linton Allen** ON GCMG CD KStJ (born 7 February 1951) is a Jamaican politician. He is the sixth and current Governor-General of Jamaica since 26 February 2009.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency The Most Honourable
- **name**: Sir Patrick Allen
- **honorific-suffix**: Order of the Nation, ON Order of St Michael and St George, GCMG Order of Distinction, CD Order of St. John of Jerusalem, KStJ
- **image**: Sir Patrick Allen.jpg
- **office**: 6th Governor-General of Jamaica
- **monarch**: Elizabeth II
Charles III
- **primeminister**: Bruce Golding
Andrew Holness
Portia Simpson-Miller
Andrew Holness
- **term start**: 26 February 2009
- **predecessor**: Kenneth O. Hall, Sir Kenneth Hall
- **birth place**: Portland Parish, Fruitful Vale, Jamaica
- **spouse**: Patricia Beckford
- **children**: 3
- **alma mater**: Andrews University
Edward Zacca

The Right Honourable **Sir Edward Zacca**, KCMG, OJ, PC (26 July 1931 – 11 November 2019) was a Jamaican politician. He was Chief Justice of the Jamaican Supreme Court from 1985 to 1996. He served as acting Governor-General. Zacca served in that capacity from March to August 1991. He served as President of the Court of Appeal of the Bahamas from March 2000 to July 2001.

Zacca was a member of the Order of Jamaica. He died on 11 November 2019 at the age of 88.