juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Copper Canyon, Texas

**Copper Canyon** is a town in Denton County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,731 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Copper Canyon
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image map**: Denton County Texas Incorporated Areas Copper Canyon highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location of Copper Canyon in Denton County, Texas, Denton County, Texas
- **pushpin map**: Texas#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Texas
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Texas, County
- **subdivision name2**: Denton County, Texas, Denton
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 11.93
- **area land km2**: 11.85
- **area water km2**: 0.07
- **area total sq mi**: 4.60
- **area land sq mi**: 4.58
- **area water sq mi**: 0.03
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 1731
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation m**: 190
- **elevation ft**: 623
- **postal code type**: ZIP Code
- **postal code**: 75077
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 48-16636
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1388576
Nephi, Utah

**Nephi** ( ) is a city in Juab County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Provo–Orem metropolitan area. The population was 5,389 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Nephi, Utah
- **settlement type**: City
- **image skyline**: Nephi city 2007.jpg
- **image caption**: City sign
- **image map**: Juab County Utah incorporated and unincorporated areas Nephi highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 300px
- **map caption**: Location in Juab County, Utah, Juab County and state of Utah
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Utah
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Utah, County
- **subdivision name2**: Juab County, Utah, Juab
- **established title**: Settled
- **established date**: 1851
- **named for**: Nephi, son of Lehi, Nephi
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 11.82
- **area land km2**: 11.82
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 4.57
- **area land sq mi**: 4.57
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 6443
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: Mountain Time Zone, Mountain (MST)
- **utc offset**: −7
- **timezone dst**: MDT
- **utc offset dst**: −6
- **elevation m**: 1563
- **elevation ft**: 5128
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 84648
- **area code**: Area code 435, 435
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 49-54220
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1443793
Falling and rising factorials

The **falling factorial**  is a multiplication of progressively smaller terms starting with n where there are k number of terms. Each term is a natural number and decreases by 1.

Similarly the **rising factorial** is a multiplication of progressively larger terms starting with n where there are k number of terms. Each term is a natural number and increases by 1.
La vida es sueño

***Life Is a Dream*** is a play by the Spanish writer Pedro Calderòn de la Barca. It was first performed in 1635. It is an allegory of the human situation, fate and the mystery of life. It is one of Calderón's best-known plays.
Shensi tree frog

The **Shensi tree frog**, **Tsinling tree frog** or **Tsinling tree toad** (_Hyla tsinlingensis_) is a frog from China.  Scientists saw it between 930 and 1770 meters above sea level in Gansu, Shaanxi, Chongqing and in a few places in Anhui and Henan.
Cimarron (1931 movie)

***Cimarron*** is a 1931 American western movie directed by Wesley Ruggles and was based on the 1930 novel of the same name by Edna Ferber. It stars Richard Dix, Irene Dunne, Estelle Taylor, Nance O'Neill, Roscoe Ates, William Collier Jr., Edna May Oliver and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. It was nominated for 7 Oscars and won 3 Academy Awards in 1931 and was remade in 1960.
2002 in association football

The following are the **football (soccer)** events of the year **2002** around the world.

## Infobox (international football competition)

- **tourney name**: 2002 in association football
- **prevseason**: 2001 in association football, 2001
- **nextseason**: 2003 in association football, 2003
Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939 movie)

***Goodbye, Mr. Chips*** is a 1939 British romantic drama movie directed by Sam Wood and was based on the 1934 novella of the same name by James Hilton. It stars Robert Donat, Greer Garson, Terry Kilburn, John Mills, David Croft, Paul Henreid, Judith Furse, Lyn Harding and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 7 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1940 and was remade in 1969.
Gordon Pinsent

**Gordon Edward Pinsent**, CC, FRSC (July 12, 1930 – February 25, 2023) was a Canadian actor, screenwriter, director and playwright. He was known for his roles in numerous productions, including _Away from Her_, _The Rowdyman_, _John and the Missus_, _A Gift to Last_, _Due South_, _The Red Green Show_ and _Quentin Durgens, M.P._ He was the voice of Babar the elephant in television and film from 1989 to early 2015.

Pinsent died in his sleep on February 25, 2023, at age 92.

## Other websites

- Northern Stars: Gordon Pinsent

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Gordon Pinsent
- **image**: Gordon Pinsent TIFF08.jpg
- **caption**: Pinsent in 2008
- **birth name**: Gordon Edward Pinsent
- **birth place**: Grand Falls-Windsor, Grand Falls, Dominion of Newfoundland, Newfoundland, Canada
- **death place**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **years active**: 1957–2021
- **children**: 4, including Leah Pinsent, Leah
Dolly-Rose Campbell

**Dolly-Rose Campbell** (born 12 April 1987) is an English actress, known for her portrayal of Gemma Winter on the ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_, a role she has played since October 2014.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dolly-Rose Campbell
- **birth place**: Salford, Greater Manchester, England
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 2010–present
- **known for**: Role of Gemma Winter in _Coronation Street_ (2014–)
Maureen Lipman

**Dame Maureen Diane Lipman**,  (born 10 May 1946) is an English movie, theatre, radio and television actress, columnist and comedian. In recent years, she has become known for her role as Evelyn Plummer in the long-running ITV soap opera _Coronation Street_ (2018–present).

## Infobox (person)

- **honorific prefix**: Dame
- **name**: Maureen Lipman
<small></small>
- **image**: Maureen Lipman from GylesDamesPalladium050323 (66 of 74) (52728570090).jpg
- **caption**: Maureen Lipman in _All At No. 20_ series.
- **birth name**: Maureen Diane Lipman
- **birth place**: Kingston upon Hull, Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1967–present
- **children**: 2; including Amy Rosenthal
Vitali Klitschko

**Vitali Volodymyrovych Klitschko** ( born 19 July 1971) is a Ukrainian politician and former professional boxer. He has been the mayor of Kyiv since 2014.

As a heavyweight boxer, Klitschko held the WBO title from 1999 to 2000, _The Ring_ magazine title from 2004 to 2005, and the WBC title twice in 2004 and between 2008 and 2013. In 2011, Vitali and his brother Wladimir entered the Guinness World Records book as the pair of brothers with most world heavyweight title fight wins. Of his 47 bouts, he won 45 (41 by KO) and lost twice.

Klitschko was born in Belovodskoye, Kirghiz SSR (now Kyrgyzstan). He is married to Russian former tennis player Natalia Egorova. The couple have three children.

Klitschko has a Doctoral Degree (Ph.D.) from Kyiv University's Physical Science Department.
2020–21 Indian farmers' protest

The **2020–21 Indian farmers' protest** was a protest that took place in India. It was caused when Parliament passed three new laws. A lot of people think that these laws will hurt farmers and put them under the control of big farming corporations.

Many of the farmers who protested were from Punjab and Haryana states.

On 1 December 2021, India officially repealed the controversial agricultural act that caused the protests.

## Infobox (civil conflict)

- **title**: 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest
- **image**: 2020 Indian farmers' protest - sitting protest.jpg
- **place**: India
- **date**: 9 August 2020 – 11 December 2021
()
- **result**: 250 million
- **casualties2**: Over 159 dead since 27 January 2021, including 7 suicides, thousands injured
_(see section #Fatalities, Fatalities for more details)_
- **side1**: Government of India
* Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare
**Supported by:**
 Bharatiya Janata Party
- **side2**: Samyukt Kisan Morcha
* All India Kisan Sangharsh Coordination Committee
* Bharatiya Kisan Union
* Kisan Swaraj Sangathan farmers organisation
* All India Kisan Sabha
* Jai Kisan Andolan
* Lok Sangharsh Morcha
* All India Krishak Khet Majdoor Sangathan
* National Alliance of People's Movements
* Other farmer's unions
**Supported by:**

Shiromani Akali Dal
 Indian National Congress
 Aam Aadmi Party
 Communist Party of India
 Communist Party of India (Marxist)
 Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
 Shiv Sena
- **howmany2**: Unverified
- **casualties3**: Infrastructure damage:
National highways dug up by police to stop protestors from marching to capital

Over 1,500 telecom tower sites damaged (as of 28 Dec)
2020 Indian general strike

On 26 November 2020, a mass general strike was held across India. Some people have estimated that 250 million (25 crore) people took part in the strike. If that number is correct, then it would be the biggest strike in history. The strike was jointly called by ten central trade unions – Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC), All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC), Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS), Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU), All India United Trade Union Centre (AIUTUC), Trade Union Co-ordination Centre (TUCC), Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA) and All India Central Council of Trade Unions (AICCTU), Labour Progressive Federation (LPF) and United Trade Union Congress (UTUC).

All over the country, both public and private sector employees participated in the strike. The united front of the over 250 farmers' organizations, All India Kisan Sangharsh Co-ordination Committee (AIKSCC), extended support to the trade union strike and the unions extended their support to the farmers’ “Chalo Delhi” (Go to Delhi) mobilisation on 26 and 27 November. Farmers are protesting against recent anti-farmer laws, which would withdraw the government's minimum support price for farm products, with serious implications for farmers’ income and livelihoods.

The unions protested against the three new Labour Codes – the Industrial Relations Code Bill, 2020; the Code on Social Security Bill, 2020; and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code Bill, 2020 – that were passed by both houses of the Parliament earlier in 2020.
Vikki Carr

**Florencia Vicenta de Casillas-Martinez Cardona** (born July 19, 1941), known by her stage name **Vikki Carr**, is an American singer. Her singing career has lasted several decades. She works in a variety of music genres, including pop, jazz and country music. Her greatest success, however, comes from singing in the Spanish language.

Carr has won three Grammy Awards. She was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Latin Grammy Awards.

Carr was born to parents of Mexican ancestry.

Many sources say Carr was born in 1940. Other sources say that she was born in 1941.
Huba Rozsnyai

**Huba Rozsnyai** (14 December 1942 – 4 December 2020) was a Hungarian sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Rozsnyai died on 4 December 2020, just ten days before his 77.
Tony Curcillo

**Anthony Curcillo Jr.** (May 27, 1931 – December 8, 2020) was an American football player. He was born in Long Branch, New Jersey. His playing career lasted from 1953 to 1958. Curcillo played for the Chicago Cardinals and the Hamilton Tiger-Cats.

Curcillo died of COVID-19 on December 8, 2020 in Riverside, California at the age of 89.
Phil Linz

**Philip Francis Linz** (June 4, 1939 – December 9, 2020) was an American professional baseball player. Linz played in Major League Baseball for the New York Yankees (1962–65), Philadelphia Phillies (1966–67), and New York Mets (1967–68). He was born in Baltimore, Maryland.

Linz died on December 9, 2020 at his home in Virginia at the age of 81.
Vote Smart

**Vote Smart** is a non-profit organization that collects information about candidates that run for a public office in the United Staes. For each candidate, the organisation gathers background information and political positions in different areas. It then distribnutes this informton in different channels, such as print media, its website, or using a toll-free phone number. With this, it helps people decide who they shouid vote for. Richard Kimball founded the platform in the 1990s.
Deterministic system

In mathematics, and natural science, a **deterministic system** is a system where the current state the system  does not depend on random factors. It only depends on previous states, and time. A deterministic model will always produce the same state at a given time, given the same starting conditions.
Kismayo

**Kismayo** is a city in Somalia. It is the commercial capital of Jubaland. The word Kismayo is a Somali word which literally means _small not_. kismayu is a bajuni word which means the risen water bohol. There's no a single word known as kismayu in somali langu. Not only that shows the origin of kismayu is a bajuni community, even the old town of kismayu is a place called majengo and big rivals of soccer teams are majengo fc and kisima fc, so let the history speaks its self let not force the false to be the reality.
Billy DeMars

**William Lester DeMars** (August 26, 1925 – December 10, 2020) was an American shortstop and coach in Major League Baseball. He threw and batted right-handed. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He played for the Philadelphia Athletics in 1948 and for the St. Louis Browns from 1950 to 1951.

DeMars died on December 10, 2020 in Clearwater, Florida at the age of 95.
Tommy Lister Jr.

**Thomas Duane** "**Tommy**" **Lister Jr.** (June 24, 1958 — December 10, 2020) was an American actor and occasional professional wrestler. He was known for his roles as the neighborhood bully Deebo in _Friday_ and its 2000 sequel and as President Lindberg in _The Fifth Element_.

Lister Jr. also appeared as a prisoner in _The Dark Knight_ (2008) who refused to activate Joker's bomb and voiced Finnick in _Zootopia_ (2016).

He had two short professional wrestling performances, wrestling Hulk Hogan in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) after appearing as **Zeus** in the 1989 movie _No Holds Barred_ and for having a feud as **Z-Gangsta** in 1996 for World Championship Wrestling (WCW).

Lister Jr. was born in Compton, California. He was blind in his right eye.

In early 2020, Lister Jr. had COVID-19 and was successfully treated. However, shortly before his death, he showed COVID symptoms for a second time. Lister Jr. was found dead at his home in Marina Del Rey, California on December 10, 2020 at the age of 62. The cause of death was atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **child**: yes
- **names**: Zeus
Z-Gangsta
- **height**: 6 ft 7 in
- **weight**: 320 lb
- **billed**: Parts Unknown (wrestling), Parts Unknown
- **debut**: April 25, 1989
- **retired**: March 1996


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tommy Lister Jr.
- **image**: Tommy "Tiny" Lister (43904364340) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Lister in 2018
- **birth name**: Thomas Duane Lister Jr.
- **birth place**: Compton, California, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Marina del Rey, California, U.S.
- **children**: Thomas Duane Lister III
- **other names**: Tiny, Tom, Deebo
- **occupation**: Actor
Professional wrestler
- **yearsactive**: 1984–2020
Next Friday

***Next Friday*** is a 2000 American comedy movie and the sequel to the 1995 movie _Friday_. It is the first movie to be produced by Ice Cube's movie production company Cubevision. It was directed by Steve Carr.

Starring;   Ice Cube, Mike Epps, John Witherspoon,

The movie was released on January 12, 2000.

## References

2015

### Cast

William Davies as Tulip Spud Walker

Dan Levy as David Rose

Jarrid Geduld as Ashwin Hunter

Winslow Fegley as Rotch

Vicky Schuster Miller as Vicky

Joe Simmons as Mr Walker

Jason Cope as Joker 1

Early B as Joker 2

Cop Ten as Joker 3

Eugene Levy as Jonny Rose

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Next Friday
- **director**: Steve Carr
- **producer**: Ice Cube
- **writer**: Ice Cube
- **music**: Terence Blanchard
- **cinematography**: Christopher J. Baffa
- **editing**: Elena Maganini
- **studio**: Cube Vision
- **distributor**: New Line Cinema
- **runtime**: 98 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $11 million
- **gross**: $59.8 million
The Fifth Element

***The Fifth Element*** () is a 1997 English-language French science-fiction action movie directed and co-written by Luc Besson. It stars Bruce Willis, Gary Oldman, and Milla Jovovich.

_The Fifth Element_ received mainly positive reviews.

## Infobox (name module)

- fr
- Le Cinquième Élément


## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Fifth Element
- **director**: Luc Besson
- **producer**: Patrice Ledoux
- **story**: Luc Besson
- **music**: Éric Serra
- **cinematography**: Thierry Arbogast
- **editing**: Sylvie Landra
- **studio**: Gaumont Film Company, Gaumont
- **distributor**: Gaumont Film Company, Gaumont Buena Vista International
- **runtime**: 126 minutes
- **country**: France
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $90 million
- **gross**: $263.9 million
José Mario Ruiz Navas

**José Mario Ruiz Navas** (20 July 1930  – 10 December 2020) was an Ecuadorian Roman Catholic prelate. Ruiz Navas was born in Pujilí, Ecuador. He became a priest in 1954. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Latacunga, Ecuador, from 1968 to 1989 and then as bishop and then archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Portoviejo, Ecuador, from 1989 to 2007.

Ruiz Navas died on 10 December 2020 in Latacunga, Ecuador at the age of 90.
Pork cycle

In economics, the term **pork cycle**, **hog cycle**, or **cattle cycle** describes the phenomenon of cyclical fluctuations of supply and prices in livestock markets. It was first observed in 1925 in pig markets in the US by Mordecai Ezekiel and in Europe in 1927 by the German scholar Arthur Hanau.
Nikolai Ivanov

**Nikolai Nikolaevich Ivanov** (22 January 1943 – 11 December 2020) was a Russian actor. He was born in Leningrad, Soviet Union. His career began in 1961. His best known roles were as Kolka in _The Red Tent_ (1969), Pytor in _The Love of Mankind_ (1972) and as Colonel Victor in _Battle of Moscow_ (1985).

Ivanov died on 11 December 2020 in Saint Petersburg, Russia at the age of 77.
Malik (artist)

**Malik** (born **William Tai**; 2 January 1948 – 11 December 2020) was a French-born Belgian comics artist. He was born in Paris. He drew many works under the pseudonym **Phénix**. He was best known for his works with _Bédéadult_ and _Cupidon_.

Malik died on 11 December 2020 from injuries caused by a house fire in Wallonia, Belgium at the age of 72.
Masao Komatsu

was a Japanese actor and comedian. He was born in Fukuoka, Japan. His career began in 1962. Komatsu was known for his roles in _Kaiju funsen–Daigoro tai Goriasu_ (1972), _Pink Lady no Katsudō Daishashin_ (1978), _Station_ (1981), _Izakaya Chōji_ (1983), _University of Laughs_ (2004) and _Journey to the Shore_ (2015).

Komatsu died on December 7, 2020 from liver cancer in Tokyo at the age of 78.
Christopher Cazenove

**Christopher de Lerisson Cazenove** (17 December 1943 – 7 April 2010) was an English actor. He was born in Winchester, Hampshire. He was known for his roles as Charlie Tyrell in _The Duchess of Duke Street_, David Rose in _Eye of the Needle_, Edward in _Three Men and a Little Lady_, John Thatcher in _A Knight's Tale_ and as Ben Carrington in _Dynasty_.

Cazenove died of sepsis on 7 April 2010 at a London hospital, aged 66.
John Boswall

**John Boswall** (2 May 1920 – 6 June 2011) was a British actor. He was best known for playing Barrow in _Three Men and a Little Lady_ and as Wyvern in _Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest_ (2006). Boswall was born in Oxford, Oxfordshire. His career began in 1970 and he retired in 2009.

Boswall died of pancreatic cancer on 6 June 2011 in South Woodchester, Gloucestershire at the age of 91.
Irena Veisaitė

**Irena Veisaitė** (9 January 1928 – 11 December 2020) was a Lithuanian theatre scholar, intellectual and human rights activist. She was born in Kaunas, Lithuania. She was a Holocaust survivor. She was a lecturer at the teacher's college in Vilnius from 1953 to 1997

She was awarded the Goethe Medal in 2012 for her contribution to the cultural exchange between Germany and Lithuania. She was President of the Open Society in Lithuania Foundation.

Veisaitė died on 11 December 2020 in Vilnius from COVID-19 at the age of 92.
Pokimane

**Imane Anys** ( (<small>Arabic pronunciation</small>: ); born 14 May 1996), better known by her online name, **Pokimane**, is a Moroccan-Canadian internet personality. She is a Twitch streamer and YouTuber.

Anys is best known for her live streams on Twitch, where she is best known for playing _League of Legends_ and _Fortnite._ She is a member of OfflineTV.

## Early Life

Anys was born on May 14, 1996 in Morocco. Anys and her parents later moved to Canada. Anys made her YouTube channel in 2014.

## Career

Anys started Twitch in 2013. She likes video games in Twitch and YouTube including Fortnite, League of Legends, Valorant, Minecraft, and Among Us. In 2024 she left Twitch.

## Infobox (twitch streamer)

- **name**: Pokimane
- **image**: Pokimane 2019.jpg
- **caption**: Anys in 2019
- **birth name**: Imane Anys
- **birth place**: Morocco
- **channel name**: pokimane
- **years active**: 2013–2024
- **genre**: Video game culture, Gaming
- **followers**: 9.3 million
- **stats update**: 1 January 2023
Hayabusa2

is an asteroid sample-return mission owned by the Japanese state space agency JAXA. It replaced the _Hayabusa_ mission, which returned asteroid samples for the first time in June 2010.

_Hayabusa2_ was launched on 3 December 2014 and rendezvoused in space with near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu on 27 June 2018. It surveyed the asteroid for a year and a half and took samples. It left the asteroid in November 2019 and returned the samples to Earth on 5 December 2020.
162173 Ryugu

**162173 Ryugu** is a near-Earth object and a potentially dangerous asteroid of the Apollo group. It is about 1 kilometer (0.6 mi) in diameter and is a dark object.

In June 2018, the Japanese spacecraft, _Hayabusa2_, arrived at the asteroid. After making measurements and taking samples, _Hayabusa2_ left Ryugu for Earth in November 2019 and returned to Earth on 5 December 2020.
Carlos Calvo

**Carlos Andrés "Carlín" Calvo** (21 February 1953 – 11 December 2020) was an Argentine actor and comedian. His career began in 1972. Calvo was best known for his roles in Enrique Dawi directed movies such _Locos por la música_ (1980), _Los Hijos de López_ (1980) and in _Adiós, Roberto_ (1985). Calvo was born in Buenos Aires.

Calvo died of problems caused by multiple strokes in Buenos Aires on 11 December 2020, aged 67.
Lily Eskelsen García

**Lily Eskelsen García** (née **Pace**; born May 1, 1955) is an American teacher and labor union leader. She was president of the National Education Association from 2014 to 2020.

In November 2020, following the United States presidential election, many news organizations saw her as a potential candidate for President-elect Joe Biden’s United States Secretary of Education.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lily Eskelsen García
- **image**: Lily Eskelsen García.jpg
- **title**: President of the National Education Association
- **term start**: September 1, 2014
- **term end**: September 1, 2020
- **predecessor**: Dennis Van Roekel
- **successor**: Rebecca S. Pringle
- **birth name**: Lilia Laura Pace
- **birth place**: Fort Hood, Texas, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 2
- **education**: University of Utah (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Master of Science, MS)
Fort Cavazos

**Fort Cavazos** is a United States Army post in Killeen, Texas. It is named after Confederate General John Bell Hood. It is located halfway between Austin and Waco, about  from each, within the U.S. state of Texas.

The post is the headquarters of III Corps and First Army Division West and is home to the 1st Cavalry Division and 3rd Cavalry Regiment, among others.
Fountain Place

**Fountain Place** is a 60-story late-modernist skyscraper in downtown Dallas, Texas. It stands at a height of . It is the fifth-tallest building in Dallas and the 15th-tallest in Texas.

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Fountain Place
- **image**: Fountain place.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **alternate names**: First Interstate Tower
Allied Bank Tower
- **location**: 1445 Ross Ave
Dallas, Texas
- **start date**: 1984
- **completion date**: 1986
- **building type**: Commercial offices
- **floor count**: 63
- **elevator count**: 30
- **architect**: Pei Cobb Freed & Partners
Dan Kiley
Harry Weese, Harry Weese Associates
WZMH Architects
- **structural engineer**: CBM Engineers, Inc.
Cosentini Associates
- **main contractor**: The Beck Group
- **developer**: Criswell Companies
Bank of America Plaza (Dallas)

**Bank of America Plaza** is a 72-story,  late-modernist skyscraper in Dallas, Texas, United States. It is the tallest skyscraper in the city, the 3rd tallest in Texas and the 40th tallest in the United States.

Construction began in 1983 and the tower was completed in 1985.

## Building Hours

Monday	9AM-10PM

Tuesday	9AM-10PM

Wednesday 9AM-10PM

Thursday 9AM-10PM

Friday	9AM-10PM

Saturday 9AM-10PM

Sunday	9AM-10PM

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Bank of America Plaza
- **image**: File:Bank of America Plaza in October 2025.jpg
- **former names**: Dallas Main Center
Interfirst Bank Plaza
Republic Bank Plaza
First Republic Bank Plaza
NCNB Plaza
 NationsBank Plaza
- **location**: 901 Main Street
Dallas, Texas
75202
- **start date**: 1983
- **completion date**: 1985
- **building type**: Commercial offices
- **floor count**: 74
- **architect**: JPJ Architects
- **structural engineer**: Brockette Davis Drake
LeMessurier Consultants
- **owner**: Dallas Main LP
- **management**: Peloton Commercial Real Estate
Neoselachii

The **Neoselachii** are an important group of cartilaginous fish in the subclass Elasmobranchii, class Chondrichthyes.

The group is important because it includes all living  sharks, skates,  and rays. They rapidly diversified during the Upper Triassic.

The group is descended from a primitive type of shark in the Devonian period.
Williams Tower

The **Williams Tower** (originally named the **Transco Tower**) is a 64-story,  office tower. It is located in Houston, Texas.

Construction began in August 1981, and was completed in December, 1982. It is the 4th-tallest tower in Texas, and the 44th-tallest in the United States.

## Infobox (building)

- **name**: Williams Tower
- **former names**: Transco Tower (1982–1998)
- **status**: Complete
- **image**: Williamstower.jpg
- **image alt**: Williams Tower viewed from the street
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Williams Tower viewed from the street
- **altitude**: up
- **building type**: Office tower
- **architectural style**: Modern architecture, Modern
- **cost**: U.S. $300 million
- **owner**: Invesco Advisers Inc.
- **current tenants**: Williams Companies
Quanta Services
Valaris plc
 Cadence Bancorp
Hines Interests Limited Partnership
 List of diplomatic missions of Denmark, Consulate General of Denmark, Houston
- **landlord**: Hines Interests Limited Partnership
- **address**: 2800 Post Oak Boulevard
- **location town**: Houston, Texas
- **location country**: United States
- **completion date**: Between December 1982 and January 1983
- **floor count**: 64
- **elevator count**: 49
- **architecture firm**: John Burgee, John Burgee Architects with Philip Johnson and Morris-Aubry Architects
- **structural engineer**: CBM Engineers Inc.
- **main contractor**: J.A. Jones Construction Co.
Intraspecific competition

In ecology, **intraspecific competition** is when two individuals of the same species compete for limited resources. Usually, the one winning the competition has a better fitness, and may better be able to reproduce. Examples for resources are food, water, space, light, or mates. This is different from interspecific competition vwhere members of different species compete. Intraspecific competition is important, because through evolution, species can become better adapted to where they live.
Valkenburg aan de Geul

**Valennurg aan de Geul** is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2019, 16,470 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Valkenburg aan de Geul
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Valkenburg aan de Geul
- **image flag**: Valkenburg ad Geul vlag.svg
- **image seal**: Valkenburg aan de Geul wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Daan Prevoo
- **area total km2**: 36.73
- **population total**: 17,884
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 486.9
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 6300–6305, 6325, 6341, 6342
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 043
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 0994
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Venray

**Venray** is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. As of 2020, about 41,000 people were living in the municipality and about 28,500 people were living in the town.

In 2010, parts of the former municipality of Meerlo-Wanssum were added to Venray (Blitterswijck, Geijsteren, and Wanssum).

## Other websites

- Plaatsengids

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Venray
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Merselojohanneskerk.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Venray
- **image flag**: Venray vlag.svg
- **image seal**: Venray wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Michiel Uitdehaag
- **area total km2**: 163.3
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 5800–5817, 5860–5863
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 0478
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 0984
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Voerendaal

**Voerendaal** is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2019, 12,452 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Voerendaal
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: 2016 Voerendaal, kasteel Rivieren 08.jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Voerendaal
- **image flag**: Voerendaal vlag.svg
- **image seal**: Voerendaal wapen.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: left
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Wil Houben
- **area total km2**: 31.51
- **population total**: 13,141
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 417.0
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 6310–6312, 6343, 6367
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 045
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 0986
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Weert

**Weert** is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg. In 2019, 49,842 people lived there.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Weert
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities of the Netherlands, Municipality
- **image skyline**: Toren_Martinuskerk_-_Weert_(29022792687).jpg
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image caption**: View of Weert
- **image flag**: Flag of Weert.svg
- **image seal**: Coat of arms of Weert.svg
- **pushpin map**: Netherlands
- **pushpin mapsize**: 265px
- **pushpin label position**: top
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Netherlands, Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Raymond Vlecken
- **area total km2**: 104.3
- **population total**: 48,151
- **population as of**: January 1, 2001
- **population density km2**: 461.7
- **timezone**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset**: +01:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code(s)
- **postal code**: 6000–6006, 6039
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code(s)
- **area code**: 0495
- **blank name sec2**: Community Identification Number, CIN
- **blank info sec2**: 0988
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Heartbreak Hotel (The Simpsons)

**Heartbreak Hotel** is the 641st episode of _The Simpsons_ and the second episode of season 30. The episode was written by Matt Selman and Renee Ridgeley. In the episode, Marge Simpson and Homer Simpson show up in a reality television show.

## Infobox (television episode)

- **title**: Heartbreak Hotel
- **season**: 30
- **episode**: 2
- **director**: Steven Dean Moore
- **writer**: Renee Ridgeley
Matt Selman
- **production**: XABF15
- **guests**: Joe Clabby as Curtis
Rhys Darby as Tad Tuckerbag
Renee Ridgeley as Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (film), Honey
George Segal as Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (film), Nick
- **prev**: Bart's Not Dead
- **next**: My Way or the Highway to Heaven
- **season article**: The Simpsons (season 30)
- **episode list**: List of The Simpsons episodes
Colonel Homer

"**Colonel Homer**" is the twentieth episode of the third season of ***The Simpsons***. It first aired on March 26, 1992.

## Infobox (simpsons episode)

- **season**: 3
- **episode**: 20
- **director**: Mark Kirkland
- **writer**: Matt Groening
- **production**: 8F19
- **guests**: Beverly D'Angelo as Lurleen Lumpkin
- **prev**: Dog of Death
- **next**: Black Widower
- **blackboard**: "I will not conduct my own fire drills"
- **couch gag**: Everyone sits on the couch and falls in with their upward pointing legs next to their heads.
- **commentary**: Matt Groening
Al Jean
Mike Reiss
Dan Castellaneta
Mark Kirkland
Columbus metropolitan area, Ohio

**Greater Columbus** is a medium sized metropolitan area. Home to about 2.1 million people and is expected to grow.
Renesse

**Renesse** (Zeelandic: _Renisse)_ is a seaside resort in the Netherlands, and also a former municipality. The village belongs to the municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland in the province of Zeeland.

In 2017, about 1,520 people lived in Renesse.

## Other websites

- Website of Renesse
Interspecific competition

In ecology, **interspecific competition** is when individuals of different species compete for the same resources, in an ecosystem. Examples for such resources are food, or space. Even species that never meet can compete with each other, because they need the same resources: Two kinds of predators might prey on the same animals.  Interspecific competition is important, because it regulates the population of the different species. It is one of the ways natural selection happens. Interspecific competition causes evolution.

When two individuals of the same species compete, this is called intraspecific competition.
Divya Bhatnagar

**Divya Bhatnagar** (17 September 1986- 7 December 2020) was an Indian actress and production manager. Known for television shows like Sethji, Shrimaan Shrimati Phir Se, Sawaare Sabke Sapne... Preeto, Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai etc. She started her career with the show Chand Ke Paar Chalo in the year 2006. She also appeared in Bollywood films like 99 and Sapne Sakar karo. She was diagnosed with COVID-19, and died from it, at the age of 34. Shortly before her death Divya said that she had a problem with domestic violence, and that her husband regularly beat her. Her sister,  Devoleena Bhattacharjee, accused Divya's husband for being responsible for her  death.
Donnie Fatso

"**Donnie Fatso**" is the 9th episode of the 22th season of _The Simpsons_. It was first shown on the Fox network on December 12, 2010.

## Infobox (simpsons episode)

- **season**: 22
- **episode**: 9
- **director**: Ralph Sosa
- **writer**: Chris Cluess
- **production**: MABF19
- **guests**: Jon Hamm as the FBI Agent
Joe Mantegna as Fat Tony (The Simpsons), Fat Tony and Fit Tony
- **blackboard**: "Candy canes are not elf bones"
- **couch gag**: The Simpsons on the couch is depicted as an Advent Calendar.
- **prev**: The Fight Before Christmas (The Simpsons), The Fight Before Christmas
- **next**: Moms I'd Like to Forget
Psychological horror

A **psychological horror** is a type of horror and psychological fiction used in movies, games, and books. It is used to make the viewer unsettled and uncomfortable. This type of horror is close to psychological thriller, because they both have mysteries most of the time and have unreliable or disturbed characters to make the drama and action bigger, so they can make the story less happy and sadder.

Roman Polanski made bright examples of this genre - Repulsion and Rosemary's Baby.

Japanese and Korean horror stories are also famous for using psychological horror to scare people.

## In video games

In video games psychological horror is a subgenre of horror games. Such famous franchises as Silent Hill, Fatal Frame, Amnesia, Outlast, Phantasmagoria, and Doom used psychological horror elements.
101 Mitigations

"**101 Mitigations**" is the 15th episode of the 30th season of _The Simpsons_. It was first broadcast on the Fox network on March 3, 2019. In the episode, Homer Simpson steals Comic Book Guy's car. He tries to make himself look innocent in a court and later becomes friends with Comic Book Guy.

## Infobox (simpsons episode)

- **season**: 30
- **episode**: 15
- **director**: Mark Kirkland
- **story**: Rob LaZebnik
- **teleplay**: *Brian Kelley
*Dan Vebber
- **production**: YABF07
- **guests**: Guillermo del Toro as himself
- **blackboard**: "Chili fries do not go the lamb and lion, in like a lamb and out like a lion"
- **couch gag**: The Simpson family are paper cup, cups. They go on the couch under a machine that gives them beverages. Homer gets too much and falls off the couch.
- **prev**: The Clown Stays in the Picture
- **next**: I Want You (She's So Heavy) (The Simpsons), I Want You (She's So Heavy)
Little Big Girl

"**Little Big Girl**" is the 12th episode of the 18th season of _The Simpsons_. It was first shown on the Fox network on February 11, 2007. It was written by Don Payne. Raymond S. Persi is the director of the episode. Natalie Portman guest stars as a girl named Darcy.

## Infobox (television episode)

- **season**: 18
- **episode**: 12
- **director**: Raymond S. Persi
- **writer**: Don Payne (writer), Don Payne
- **production**: JABF04
- **guests**: Natalie Portman as Darcy
- **prev**: Revenge Is a Dish Best Served Three Times
- **next**: Springfield Up
- **season article**: The Simpsons (season 18)
- **episode list**: List of The Simpsons episodes
Goo Goo Gai Pan

"**Goo Goo Gai Pan**" is the 12th episode of _The Simpsons_ 16th season. It was first broadcast on the Fox network on March 13, 2005. In the episode, the Simpson family goes to China so that Selma can adopt a baby there. Lucy Liu guest stars as Madam Wu, a Chinese person in the episode who helps with Selma's adoption.

The episode was controversial in China because it made references of the Tiananmen Square protests. In the episode, a sign in the Tiananmen Square says "On this site, in 1989, nothing happened". This is a reference to China trying to censor the protests. Another part of the episode shows a parody of the Tank Man photo where Selma is the Tank Man and Wu is inside one of the tanks. In 2021, Hong Kong started their version of Disney+ which has _The Simpsons_. "Goo Goo Gai Pan" was not put on there because of its references to the Tianamen Square protests.

## Infobox (simpsons episode)

- **season**: 16
- **episode**: 12
- **director**: Lance Kramer
- **writer**: Dana Gould
- **production**: GABF06
- **guests**: *Lucy Liu as Madam Wu
*Robert Wagner as himself
- **couch gag**: Many of the show's fictional character, characters surprise the List of The Simpsons characters#The Simpson family, Simpson family when they go to the couch. Homer Simpson, Homer has a heart attack.
- **commentary**: Al Jean
Dana Gould
Ian Maxtone-Graham
Matt Selman
Michael Price (writer), Michael Price
Max Pross
Lance Kramer
Steven Dean Moore
David Silverman
- **prev**: On a Clear Day I Can't See My Sister
- **next**: Mobile Homer
Forgetting curve

The **forgetting curve** is an idea from psychology, that shows how rapidly people forget things, if they do nothing to retain them. German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus discovered it. A related concept is the **strength of memory**: People with a stronger memory are able to remember things longer. Ebbinghaus tested how long he could remember random syllables, and recorded the results in his paper _Über das Gedächtnis_ (1885). In 1913, this was translated into English as Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology". Ebbinghaus studied the memorisation of nonsense syllables, such as "WID" and "ZOF" (CVCs or Consonant–Vowel–Consonant) by repeatedly testing himself after various time periods and recording the results. He plotted these results on a graph creating what is now known as the "forgetting curve". Ebbinghaus investigated the rate of forgetting, but not the effect of spaced repetition on the increase in retrievability of memories.

As a rough guide, after 20 minutes, people can only recall about 60% of what they memorized. After a week, only about 15% is left. When Ebbinghaus did the experiment, he used meaningless sequences of syllables. In the 20th century, several other researchers repeated the experiment. One of them was Georg Elias Müller. For this reason, the results are still considered to be valid.

To be able to remember things better, more repetitions are needed. Things that are needed and used more often, will not be forgotten so easily.

## Related pages

- Learning curve

## References

Hermann _Über das Gedächtnis. Untersuchungen zur experimentellen Psychologie._ Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1885.
Francisco de Vitoria

**Francisco de Vitoria** (Boroughs, 1483 or 1486-Salamanca, 12 August 1546) was a friar dominico Spanish, writer and chair of the University of Salamanca, the one who stood out by his ideas and contributions to the international right and the moral economy based in the thought humanist of the Aristotelian realism-tomista.

## Sources

- Johannes Thumfart: _Die Begründung der globalpolitischen Philosophie. Zu Francisco de Vitorias "relectio de indis recenter inventis" von 1539._ Berlin 2009. (256 pp.)

## Other websites

- Francisco de Vitoria, _De Indis_ (1532)

## Infobox (philosopher)

- **image**: Franciscodevictoria.jpg
- **caption**: Statue of Francisco de Vitoria at Convento de San Esteban, Salamanca, San Esteban, Salamanca
- **school tradition**: Thomism
School of Salamanca
- **death date**: 12 August 1546
- **birth place**: Burgos, Crown of Castile
- **death place**: Salamanca, Crown of Castile
- **notable ideas**: International law
Freedom of the seas
- **main interests**: Natural law
- **region**: Western philosophy
* Spanish philosophy
- **era**: Renaissance philosophy
The Art of Worldly Wisdom: A Pocket Oracle

***El oráculo manual y arte de prudencia*** or ***Manual oracle and art of prudence*** or ***The Art of Worldly Wisdom: A Pocket Oracle*** is a book written by Baltasar Gracián in 1647.
Malagasy

**Malagasy** may refer to:

- Someone or something from Madagascar
- Malagasy people
- Malagasy language
- Malagasy Republic
- Related to the culture of Madagascar
Swastima Khadka

**Swastima Khadka** (; born 4 July 1995) is a Nepalese actress. She mainly works in Nepali cinema. She has acted in _Love Love Love_ (2017)_, Chhakka Panja 2_ (2017)_, Nai Nabhannu La 5_ (2018)_, and Bulbul_ (2019)_._

Before coming to Nepali cinema, she participated in Miss Teen Nepal at the age of 17. She has been married to Nischal Basnet since 2016.

## Personal and early life

Swastima Khadka was born on 4 July 1995 in Kathmandu, Nepal.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Swastima Khadka
- **image**: File:Swastima Khadka promoting Bulbul 6 (cropped).png
- **alt**: Khadka in 2019
- **caption**: Khadka in 2019
- **birth place**: Kathmandu, Nepal
- **citizenship**: Nepalese
- **occupation**: Actress, model
- **spouse**: Nischal Basnet (m. 2016)
Jesse Hughes (musician)

**Jesse Everett Hughes** (born September 24, 1972) is an American singer-songwriter, and musician. He is best known as the frontman of the rock band Eagles of Death Metal.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jesse Hughes
- **image**: Eagles of Death Metal @ Steel Blue Oval (1 3 2010) (4416148631).jpg
- **caption**: Hughes performing in March 2010
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Jesse Everett Hughes
- **birth place**: Greenville, South Carolina, U.S.
- **origin**: Palm Desert, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1998–present
Josh Homme

**Joshua Michael Homme** ( ; born May 17, 1973) is an American musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer. He is best known as the founder, primary songwriter, and only continuous member of the rock band Queens of the Stone Age.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **years active**: 1985–present
- **origin**: Palm Desert, California, U.S.


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Josh Homme
- **image**: Josh-Homme-StPaul-12-03-2017.jpg
- **caption**: Homme performing in December 2017
- **birth name**: Joshua Michael Homme
- **birth place**: Joshua Tree, California, U.S.
- **children**: 3