juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Liechtenstein at the Olympics

**Liechtenstein at the Olympics** is a history which began in 1948.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Liechtenstein was LIC. It is now LIE.

## History

Liechtenstein was first at the Olympic Games in 1936.  They have been in most Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then.

Athletes from Liechtenstein have won a total of nine medals, all in alpine skiing.  It is the only nation to have won all of its medals at the Winter Olympics.

The National Olympic Committee for Liechtenstein was formed in 1935.

Xaver Frick, a founding member of the country's NOC, is the only Liechtenstein athlete to have been in both the summer and winter Olympic games.

## Medalists

|style="width:6em"|Medal|style="width:8em"|Name|style="width:10em"|Games|style="width:8em"|Sport|style="width:10em"|Event|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||1976 Innsbruck|Alpine skiing|Men's slalom||||||
|||1976 Innsbruck|Alpine skiing|Women's slalom||||||
|||1980 Lake Placid|Alpine skiing|Women's giant slalom||||||
|||1980 Lake Placid|Alpine skiing|Women's slalom||||||
|||1980 Lake Placid|Alpine skiing|Women's downhill||||||
|||1980 Lake Placid|Alpine skiing|Men's giant slalom||||||
|||1984 Sarajevo|Alpine skiing|Men's giant slalom||||||
|||1984 Sarajevo|Alpine skiing|Women's slalom||||||
|||1988 Calgary|Alpine skiing|Men's slalom||||||

## Medals by Winter Games

|Total|2|2|5|9|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen|0|0|0|0|
|1948 St. Moritz|0|0|0|0|
|1952 Oslo|_did not participate_||||
|1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo|0|0|0|0|
|1960 Squaw Valley|0|0|0|0|
|1964 Innsbruck|0|0|0|0|
|1968 Grenoble|0|0|0|0|
|1972 Sapporo|0|0|0|0|
|1976 Innsbruck|0|0|2|2|
|1980 Lake Placid|2|2|0|4|
|1984 Sarajevo|0|0|2|2|
|1988 Calgary|0|0|1|1|
|1992 Albertville|0|0|0|0|
|1994 Lillehammer|0|0|0|0|
|1998 Nagano|0|0|0|0|
|2002 Salt Lake City|0|0|0|0|
|2006 Turin|0|0|0|0|
|2010 Vancouver|0|0|0|0|
|2014 Sochi|0|0|0|0|

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: LIE
- **nocname**: Liechtenstein Olympic Committee
- **games**: Olympics
- **website**:  
- **gold**: 2
- **silver**: 2
- **bronze**: 6
Luxembourg at the Olympics

**Luxembourg at the Olympics** is a history which began in 1912.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Luxembourg is LUX.

## History

Teams from Luxembourg have been in 28 modern Olympic Games.  Luxembourg's National Olympic Committee, the Comité Olympique et Sportif Luxembourgeois, was formed in 1912.  They sent their first team to the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

## Medalists

Luxembourg has won four Olympic medals (one gold and three silver) in its 28 Olympic appearances.
|style="width:6em"|Medal|style="width:12em"|Name|style="width:10em"|Games|style="width:10em"|Sport|style="width:10em"|Event|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Joseph Alzin|1920 Antwerp|Weightlifting|Men's heavyweight||||||
||Josy Barthel|1952 Helsinki|Athletics|Men's 1500 metres||||||
||Marc Girardelli|1992 Albertville|Alpine skiing|Men's giant slalom||||||
||Marc Girardelli|1992 Albertville|Alpine skiing|Men's super-G||||||

## Winter Olympic Games

Luxembourg was first at the Winter Olympic Games in 1928.  They have been in seven Winter Games.

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: LUX
- **nocname**: Luxembourgish Olympic and Sporting Committee
- **games**: Olympics
- **website**:  
- **gold**: 1
- **silver**: 3
- **bronze**: 0
North Macedonia at the Olympics

The **Republic of North Macedonia** was first at the **Olympic Games** at the 1996 Summer Olympics.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then. Until 1988 North Macedonia was part of Yugoslavia.

## List of medalists

|style="width:6em"|Medal|style="width:11em"|Name|style="width:9em"|Games|style="width:6em"|Sport|style="width:14em"|Event|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||Magomed Ibragimov|2000 Sydney|Wrestling|Men's freestyle 85 kg||||||
||Dejan Georgievski|2020 Tokyo|Taekwondo|Men's +80 kg||||||

Several other athletes from the Socialist Republic of Macedonia (a constituent country of the former SFR Yugoslavia) have also won Olympic medals, competing for Yugoslavia.
|style="width:6em"|Medal|style="width:11em"|Name|style="width:9em"|Games|style="width:6em"|Sport|style="width:14em"|Event|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||1956 Melbourne|Football|Men's team||||||
|||1960 Rome|Football|Men's team||||||
|||1976 Montreal|Basketball|Men's team||||||
|||1976 Montreal|Boxing|Men's lightweight||||||
|||1980 Moscow|Wrestling|Men's freestyle lightweight||||||
|||1984 Los Angeles|Wrestling|Men's freestyle flyweight||||||
|||1984 Los Angeles|Boxing|Men's flyweight||||||
|||1984 Los Angeles|Boxing|Men's super heavyweight||||||
|||1984 Los Angeles|Football|Men's team||||||
|||1984 Los Angeles|Wrestling|Men's freestyle welterweight||||||
|||1988 Seoul|Basketball|Women's team||||||
|||1988 Seoul|Wrestling|Men's freestyle 52 kg||||||
Monaco at the Olympics

**Monaco at the Olympics** is a history which began in 1920.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Monaco is MON.

## History

A team from Monaco was first at the Olympic Games in 1920.  They have been in most Summer Olympic Games since then.  They were not at the 1932 Games, the 1956 Games, and the 1980 Games.  Monaco has also been in every Winter Olympic Games since 1984.

As of 2010, no athlete from Monaco has ever won an Olympic medal.  Monaco has the most appearances at the Olympics (25) without winning a medal.

The National Olympic Committee for Monaco was formed in 1907 but not recognized by the International Olympic Committee until 1953.

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: MON
- **nocname**: Comité Olympique Monégasque
- **games**: Olympics
- **website**:  
- **gold**: 0
- **silver**: 0
- **bronze**: 0
San Marino at the Olympics

**San Marino at the Olympics** is a history of 21 games in 16 countries and 80+ athletes. Since 1960, San Marino has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for San Marino was SMA.  It is now SMR.

## History

A team from San Marino was first at the 1960 Summer Olympics.  They have been in 12 Summer Olympics and 7 Winter Olympics. The country has never won a medal.

Among its most successful athletes are Francesco Amici and Emanuela Felici.  Both competed in shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics and "missed out on places in the finals by the narrowest of margins".

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- San Marino profile at London2012.com

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: SMR
- **nocname**: Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Sammarinese
- **games**: Olympics
- **website**:  
- **gold**: 0
- **silver**: 0
- **bronze**: 0
Montenegro at the Olympics

**Montenegro** was at the **Olympic Games** for the first time as an independent nation in 2008 at the Beijing Games.  Before Montenegrin athletes were part of Serbia and Montenegro in 2004 and as part of Yugoslavia before that.

The National Olympic Committee for Montenegro is the Montenegrin Olympic Committee.  It was formed in 2006 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 2007.

### Basketball

|style="width:6em"|Medal|style="width:10em"|Games|Team|Names|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1976 Montreal|Men|Žarko Varajić, Rajko Žižić|||
||1980 Moscow|Men|Ratko Radovanović, Rajko Žižić|||
||1984 Los Angeles|Men|Ratko Radovanović, Rajko Žižić|||
||1988 Seoul|Men|Žarko Paspalj, Zdravko Radulović|||
||1996 Atlanta|Men|Žarko Paspalj|||

### Association Football

|style="width:6em"|Medal|style="width:10em"|Games|Team|Names|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1956 Melbourne|Men|Nikola Radović|||
||1984 Los Angeles|Men|Ljubomir Radanović|||

### Handball

|style="width:6em"|Medal|style="width:10em"|Games|Team|Names|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1984 Los Angeles|Women|Svetlana Mugoša, Ljiljana Mugoša, Zorica Pavićević|||
||1984 Los Angeles|Men|Veselin Vujović|||
||1988 Seoul|Men|Veselin Vujović|||
||2012 London|Women's tournament||||

### Volleyball

|style="width:6em"|Medal|style="width:10em"|Games|Team|Names|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1996 Atlanta|Men|Vladimir Batez, Goran Vujević|||
||2000 Sydney|Men|Vladimir Batez, Goran Vujević, Igor Vušurović|||

### Water polo

|style="width:6em"|Medal|style="width:10em"|Games|Team|Names|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||1952 Helsinki|Men|Boško Vuksanović|||
||1956 Melbourne|Men|Boško Vuksanović|||
||1964 Tokyo|Men|Boris Čukvas, Milan Muškatirović, Božidar Stanišić|||
||1968 Mexico City|Men|Dejan Dabović, Đorđe Perišić|||
||1980 Moscow|Men|Milivoj Bebić, Zoran Gopčević, Milorad Krivokapić, Zoran Mustur|||
||1984 Los Angeles|Men|Milorad Krivokapić, Andrija Popović|||
||1988 Seoul|Men|Igor Gočanin, Mirko Vičević|||
||2000 Sydney|Men|Veljko Uskoković, Nenad Vukanić|||
||2004 Athens|Men|Vladimir Gojković, Predrag Jokić|||
Saar at the 1952 Summer Olympics

A National Olympic Committee of the **Saarland** was created in spring of 1950 in the _Saar protectorate_, a part of Western Germany that was controlled in 1945 by France. As a separate team, they only took part in the 1952 Summer Olympics. The athletes of Saar joined the German team for the summer games of 1956. 36 people, 31 men and 5 women, took part in 32 events in 9 sports.  The Protectorate became the German state of Saarland after 1956.

## History

After World War II, the Saarland was not allowed to become part of the Federal Republic of Germany in May 1949. Its annexation by France was not allowed by the other Allies and the Atlantic charter's points 2 and 3.

Because local population did not want to join France, separate international organisation<nowiki/>s were created. These included the Saarland football team and in 1950 a NOC, in German called _Nationales Olympisches Komitee des Saarlandes_. The region did not send athletes to Oslo for the 1952 Winter Olympics.

The Saarland had history of over 500 years of coal mining. They gave a miner's safety lamp in which the flame of the torch relay of the **1952 Summer Olympics** in Helsinki could be carried safely on airplanes. At the opening ceremony, 36 athletes from the Saarland marched in front  of the team of Germany. They did not win a medal. They were ranked 44th among a total of 69 teams Many other teams with no wins were all ranked 44th together.

The Saar treaty of October 1956 allowed the Saarland to rejoin Germany as of 1 January 1957.

Although it was possible, no separate Saarland teams were sent to the 1956 games.  A United Team of Germany that included athletes of all three German states took part in the Olympics that year. 1952 was the only Olympic appearance of the Saarland as a separate team. The _Olympic Committee of the Saarland_  ended in February 1957 and its members became part of the German NOC.

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- Helsinki 1952 Official Olympic Report olympic-museum.de
- Helsinki 1952 Official Olympic Report la84foundation.org

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: SAA
- **games**: Summer Olympics
- **year**: 1952
- **flagcaption**: Flag of Saarland, Flag of the Saar protectorate
- **location**: Helsinki
- **competitors**: 36
- **sports**: 9
- **seealso**: (1896–1936, 1952, 1992–)
 (1956–1964)
 (1968-1988)
Jorge Arvizu

**Jorge Arvizu** (23 July 1932 - 18 March 2014) was a Mexican actor who was the first Spanish voice, among others, of Bugs Bunny, Fred Flintstone and Cookie Monster. His nickname is "El Tata".

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jorge Arvizu
- **image**: Jorge Arvizu 2011.jpg
- **caption**: Jorge Arvizu in 2011
- **birth place**: Celaya, Mexico
- **death place**: Mexico City, Mexico
- **birth name**: Jorge Isaac Arvizu Martínez
- **other names**: El Tata
- **relatives**: Amalia Ochoa (widow), Rubén Arvizu (brother), Vanessa Garcel (niece)
- **children**: 1
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1961-2014
Poland at the Olympics

**Poland at the Olympics** is a history which includes 42 games in 22 countries and 2,000+ athletes.  Since 1918, Poland has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Poland is POL.

## History

The Polish National Olympic Committee was formed in 1918.  It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1919.

Poland's team first competed at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

Poland has sent athletes to every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the 1984 Games. They were a part of the Soviet led boycott of the 1984 Games. Poland has sent athletes to every Winter Olympic Games.

### Summer Games

|Total|64|82|125|271|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1924 Paris|0|1|1|2|
|1928 Amsterdam|1|1|3|5|
|1932 Los Angeles|2|1|4|7|
|1936 Berlin|0|3|3|6|
|1948 London|0|0|1|1|
|1952 Helsinki|1|2|1|4|
|1956 Melbourne|1|4|4|9|
|1960 Rome|4|6|11|21|
|1964 Tokyo|7|6|10|23|
|1968 Mexico City|5|2|11|18|
|1972 Munich|7|5|9|21|
|1976 Montreal|7|6|13|26|
|1980 Moscow|3|14|15|32|
|1984 Los Angeles|_did not participate_||||
|1988 Seoul|2|5|9|16|
|1992 Barcelona|3|6|10|19|
|1996 Atlanta|7|5|5|17|
|2000 Sydney|6|5|3|14|
|2004 Athens|3|2|5|10|
|2008 Beijing|3|6|1|10|
|2012 London|2|2|6|10|

#### Medals by summer sport

|Total|64|82|125|271|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Athletics|23|18|13|54|
|Boxing|8|9|26|43|
|Wrestling|5|9|11|25|
|Weightlifting|5|6|21|32|
|Fencing|4|9|9|22|
|Shooting|4|3|5|12|
|Rowing|3|3|10|16|
|Judo|3|3|2|8|
|Modern pentathlon|3|0|0|3|
|Equestrian|1|3|2|6|
|Swimming|1|3|2|6|
|Football|1|2|0|3|
|Gymnastics|1|1|2|4|
|Sailing|1|0|3|4|
|Volleyball|1|0|2|3|
|Canoeing|0|6|12|18|
|Cycling|0|6|3|9|
|Archery|0|1|1|2|
|Handball|0|0|1|1|

### Winter Games

|Total|2|6|6|14|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1924 Chamonix|0|0|0|0|
|1928 St. Moritz|0|0|0|0|
|1932 Lake Placid|0|0|0|0|
|1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen|0|0|0|0|
|1948 St. Moritz|0|0|0|0|
|1952 Oslo|0|0|0|0|
|1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo|0|0|1|1|
|1960 Squaw Valley|0|1|1|2|
|1964 Innsbruck|0|0|0|0|
|1968 Grenoble|0|0|0|0|
|1972 Sapporo|1|0|0|1|
|1976 Innsbruck|0|0|0|0|
|1980 Lake Placid|0|0|0|0|
|1984 Sarajevo|0|0|0|0|
|1988 Calgary|0|0|0|0|
|1992 Albertville|0|0|0|0|
|1994 Lillehammer|0|0|0|0|
|1998 Nagano|0|0|0|0|
|2002 Salt Lake City|0|1|1|2|
|2006 Turin|0|1|1|2|
|2010 Vancouver|1|3|2|6|

#### Medals by winter sport

|Total|2|6|6|14|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Ski jumping|1|3|1|5|
|Cross-country skiing|1|1|2|4|
|Speed skating|0|1|2|3|
|Biathlon|0|1|0|1|
|Nordic combined|0|0|1|1|

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- _Polski Komitet Olimpijski_ website 
- Poland profile at London2012.com

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: POL
- **nocname**: Polish Olympic Committee
- **games**: Olympics
- **website**:  
- **gold**: 75
- **silver**: 90
- **bronze**: 141
- **seealso**: (1908–1912)
 (1912)
Athletics (sport)

**Athletics** is an exclusive collection of sporting events that include competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race walking.
Portugal at the Olympics

**Portugal at the Olympics** is a history which includes 30 games in 20 countries and 600+ athletes.  Since 1912, the Portugal has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Portugal is POR.

## History

The Portugal National Olympic Committee was formed in 1909.  It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1909.

Portugal's team first competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm.

Portugal has been a part of every Summer Games since 1912.  Portugal's first Winter Games was in 1952 in Oslo, Norway. It was 36 years later when they sent another team to the 1988 Winter Olympics of Calgary, Canada. Since then, Portugal has only missed two Winter Games (1992 and 2002).

### Medals per Olympic Games

|width="150"|Games|width="65" style="background-color:gold"|Gold|width="65" style="background-color:silver"|Silver|width="65" style="background-color:#cc9966"|Bronze|width="65"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1912 Stockholm|0|0|0|0||||||
|1920 Antwerp|0|0|0|0||||||
|1924 Paris|0|0|1|1||||||
|1928 Amsterdam|0|0|1|1||||||
|1932 Los Angeles|0|0|0|0||||||
|1936 Berlin|0|0|1|1||||||
|1948 London|0|1|1|2||||||
|1952 Helsinki|0|0|1|1||||||
|1956 Melbourne|0|0|0|0||||||
|1960 Rome|0|1|0|1||||||
|1964 Tokyo|0|0|0|0||||||
|1968 Mexico City|0|0|0|0||||||
|1972 Munich|0|0|0|0||||||
|1976 Montreal|0|2|0|2||||||
|1980 Moscow|0|0|0|0||||||
|1984 Los Angeles|1|0|2|3||||||
|1988 Seoul|1|0|0|1||||||
|1992 Barcelona|0|0|0|0||||||
|1996 Atlanta|1|0|1|2||||||
|2000 Sydney|0|0|2|2||||||
|2004 Athens|0|2|1|3||||||
|2008 Beijing|1|1|0|2||||||
|2012 London|0|1|0|1||||||
|**4**|**8**|**11**|**23**|||||||

### Medals by sport

|width="100"|Sport|width="65" style="background-color:gold"|Gold|width="65" style="background-color:silver"|Silver|width="65" style="background-color:#cc9966"|Bronze|width="65"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Athletics|4|2|4|10||||||
|Sailing|0|2|2|4||||||
|Canoeing|0|1|0|1||||||
|Cycling|0|1|0|1||||||
|Shooting|0|1|0|1||||||
|Triathlon|0|1|0|1||||||
|Equestrian|0|0|3|3||||||
|Fencing|0|0|1|1||||||
|Judo|0|0|1|1||||||
|**4**|**8**|**11**|**23**|||||||

## Related pages

- List of IOC country codes

## Other websites

- _Comité Olímpico de Portugal_ website  
- Portugal profile at London2012.com

## Infobox (country at games)

- **noc**: POR
- **nocname**: Olympic Committee of Portugal
- **games**: Olympics
- **website**:  
- **gold**: 4
- **silver**: 8
- **bronze**: 12
Mediacorp Channel 5

**MediaCorp Channel 5** or **Channel 5** (Chinese: 五频道, Before 1 January 2005: 第五波道) is a 24-hour free-to-air English television channel based in Singapore.

Programmes on Channel 5 normally include English language drama (both imports and locally-made), movies, sports, reality show, variety show, news, current affairs and game show programmes. Local editions of overseas programmes like Singapore Idol, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, and Deal or No Deal have also been produced.

## Programs

- The Smurfs
- The Smurfs: The 2011 Series

## Related pages

- Mediacorp
- Mediacorp Channel 8

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Channel 5
- **logo**: Mediacorp Channel 5 2023.svg
- **logo size**: 200px
- **picture format**: 1080i High-definition television, HDTV
- **owner**: Mediacorp
- **language**: Singapore English, English
- **area**: Singapore
- **headquarters**: Mediacorp Campus, 1 Stars Avenue, Singapore 138507
- **sister channels**: Channel 8 (Singapore), Channel 8
Channel U (Singapore), Channel U
Suria (TV channel), Suria
Vasantham (TV channel), Vasantham
CNA (TV network), CNA
- **country**: Singapore
- **website**: [http://tv.mewatch.sg/en/channel5 Mediacorp Channel 5]
- **terr serv 1**: Digital terrestrial television
- **terr chan 1**: Channel 29 (High-definition television, HD)
- **iptv serv 1**: StarHub TV
- **iptv chan 1**: Channel 102 (High-definition television, HD)
- **iptv serv 2**: Singtel TV
- **iptv chan 2**: Channel 2 (High-definition television, HD)
- **online serv 1**: meWATCH
- **terr serv 2**: myFreeview
- **terr chan 2**: Channel 1 (HD) (Johor Only)
London Buses

**London Buses** is a company owned by Transport for London (TfL). It manages bus services in Greater London, UK. Buses need to be red and charge the same fares. All services are given by private sector workers.

## Other websites

- London Buses

## Infobox (bus transit)

- **name**: London Buses
- **logo**: Buses roundel.svg
- **logo size**: 150
- **image width**: 360
- **image caption**: Volvo B9TL / Wright Eclipse Gemini, Wright Eclipse Gemini 2 at Bank station (London), Bank Station
- **parent**: Transport for London
- **founded**: 1999
- **headquarters**: Palestra, Blackfriars Road, London
- **locale**: London, UK
- **service area**: Greater London; Buckinghamshire; Essex; Hertfordshire; Kent; Surrey, UK
- **service type**: Bus transport network
- **routes**: 673 (52 night buses)
- **stops**: 19,000
- **fleet**: 8000
- **ridership**: 6 million per weekday
- **fuel type**: Diesel fuel, Diesel and Hybrid electric bus, Hybrid Technology
- **operator**: Tendered Out Franchises
- **website**: [http://www.tfl.gov.uk/buses www.tfl.gov.uk/buses]
Bariatrics

**Bariatrics** is the part of medicine that deals with obesity. Bariatrics includes using dieting, exercise, changing people's habits, drugs, and surgery to help people lose weight.

More and more people are becoming overweight or obese. People with a high body mass index (BMI) are much more likely to have certain health problems. These include heart disease, diabetes, many types of cancer, asthma, sleep apnea, and problems with muscles and bones. Obese people are also more likely to die.

Diet, exercise, changing people's habits, and drugs are tried first to help people lose weight. People who have weight loss surgery usually lose more weight than those who try the other ways. The surgery also helps reduce diseases like high blood pressure and diabetes. With each patient, doctors might use some or all of the methods, depending on what they think would work best for that patient.

## Other websites

- VIDEO: How Bariatrics Has Changed Our Understanding of Type II Diabetes Dr. Daniel McKenna speaks at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 2008.
- MedLinePlus Portal on Weight Loss Surgery

he:ניתוח בריאטרי
Ismaili

The **Ismaili** (or **Ismailiya**; ) are a Shia Muslim sect that are different from other Shiites by not agreeing on who was the 7th Imam, or religiousleader. The sect believes that it was Ismail ibn Jafar, rather than Musa ibn Jafar, as is believed most Shia Muslims. Ismail died while his father, Jafar ibn Muhammad, the 6th Imam was still alive. They believed that Ismail's son Muhammad was the next Imam and deserted the sixth Imam.

They are split into several sects. The most important one is the Nizaris, who are led by the 50 Imam, the Aga Khan, another title of the Ismaili Imams. The current Aga Khan is Rahim al-Hussaini.
Zaidiyyah

The **Zaidiyyah** () are a Shia Muslim sect are different from the usual Shia Islam because of the argument over the who is the fifth Imam, or religious leader. They believe the fifth Imam was Zaid ibn Ali, but most other Shia Muslims believe that it was his brother, Muhammad. Zaydi Muslims also follow a long list of other imams after Zayd Bin Ali and believe that the Imam is not appointed by God, unlike other Shia Muslims. Zaydis are different from other Shia Muslims also by prohibiting mut'ah (temporary marriage), not performing taqlid (conforming to the opinion and understanding of a teacher), and believing imams can make mistakes and then should be overthrown.

Today, they make up 40% of the population of Yemen, including the country's president. There are also Zaidis in Najran, Saudi Arabia.

## Subsects

Zaydism has three major subsects:

### Jarudiyya

Jarudiyya is a Zaydi sect that curses Abu Bakr and the rest of the companions for not giving the caliphate to Ali. It believes like Twelvers that Ali was the rightful caliph. Jarudiyya sect has special admiration for Amina, the Mother of the Prophet.

### Sulaymaniyya

Sulaymaniyya is a Zaydi sect that believes that the caliphates of Abu Bakr and Umar were mistakes and that Ali was the rightful caliph. Its beliefs are rooted in both Twelvers and Sunnis.

### Salihiyya

Salihiyya is a Zaydi sect that believes, similarly to Sulaymaniyya, that the caliphates of Abu Bakr and Umar were mistakes but also accepts the caliphates of the other companions of Muhammad. It has the closest beliefs to those of Sunnis.
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

The **Jin dynasty** (1115–1234) is also known as the **Jurchen dynasty**, and as the **Great Jin**. It was one of the last dynasties before Mongol invasion (and eventual conquest) of China.

The dynasty was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchens.  These were the ancestors of the Manchu, who established the Qing dynasty some 500 years later. The Jin Dynasty was founded in northern Manchuria,  The founder was Wanyan Aguda (完顏阿骨打).

The name of this dynasty is sometimes written as _Jinn_ to differentiate it from an earlier Jin dynasty (265-420) of China whose name is spelt identically in the Roman alphabet.

The History of Jin recorded that Tangkuo Dingge (唐括定哥), Consort Gui (貴妃) was a Jurchen woman. She was first married to the Jurchen Jin royal Wanyan Wudai (完顏烏帶. She had an affair with her Han Chinese slave, Yan Qi'er (閻乞兒) and with Wanyan Liang (Prince Hailing). When Wanyan Liang became emperor of the Jin dynasty he forced Dingge to have her husband Wanyan Wudai killed by her other slaves, Ge Wen (葛溫) and Ge Lu (葛魯) and he promised that she would be named empress. Wanyan Liang broke his promise after he got bored of her when she entered the harem. Dingge then smuggled Yan Qi'er into the palace through a trunk after first smuggling a trunk full of her clothes as a dummy and then reprimanded him for looking at her clothes so he wouldn't look when Yan Qi'er was smuggled in next. Dingge and Yan Qi'er had sex until a Jurchen maid, Guige (貴哥) told on them to the emperor and Dingge was strangled and Yan Qi'er was beheaded.
Jurchen people

The **Jurchens** were a Tungusic people who lived in Manchuria in present-day Northeast China.   They were known as Jurchens until the 17th century when they became known as the _Manchu_.

The Jurchens established the Jin Dynasty. The Jurchen Wanyan Yingge's paternal nephew Wanyan Wuyashu however fought against the Koreans, forcing them to submit and recognize Jurchens as overlords after "pacifying" the border between the Koreans and Jurchens.

The Joseon Dynasty of Korea placed great value on a policy of "neighborly relations" (_gyorin_ or _kyorin_) with the Jurchen people.
Hans Motz

**Hans Motz** (1 October 1909 – 6 August 1987) was an Austrian physicist. He worked at Stanford University on undulators. His work led to the development of the free-electron laser.

He was born in Vienna, and died in Oxford, England.

Hans Motz was a Full Professor in the Department of Engineering at Oxford University and a Fellow of St Catherine's College, Oxford.

He wrote books, including _The Physics of Fusion_, and a book on microwave theory. When he died, he left money to Oxford to establish a Motz Prize in Electrical Engineering to honor top students.
Discrete mathematics

**Discrete mathematics** is the study of mathematical structures that are discrete rather than continuous.  In contrast to real numbers that vary "smoothly", discrete mathematics studies objects such as integers,  graphs, and statements in logic. These objects do not vary smoothly, but have distinct, separated values. Discrete mathematics therefore excludes topics in "continuous mathematics" such as calculus and analysis.  Discrete objects can often be counted using integers. Mathematicians say that this is the branch of mathematics dealing with countable sets (sets that have the same cardinality as subsets of the natural numbers, including rational numbers but not real numbers). However, there is no exact, universally agreed, definition of the term "discrete mathematics." Many times, discrete mathematics is described less by what is included than by what is excluded: continuously varying quantities and related notions.

The set of objects studied in discrete mathematics can be finite or infinite. The term **finite mathematics** is sometimes applied to parts of the field of discrete mathematics that deals with finite sets, particularly those areas relevant to business.

Research in discrete mathematics increased in the latter half of the twentieth century partly due to the development of digital computers which operate in discrete steps and store data in discrete bits. Concepts and notations from discrete mathematics are useful in studying and describing objects and problems in branches of computer science, such as computer algorithms, programming languages, cryptography, automated theorem proving, and software development. In turn, computer implementations are significant in applying ideas from discrete mathematics to real-world problems, such as in operations research, game theory and graph theory.

Although the main objects of study in discrete mathematics are discrete objects, analytic methods from continuous mathematics are often employed as well.

## Further reading

- Norman L. Biggs, _Discrete Mathematics_ 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. , and companion web site including questions together with solutions.
- Ronald Graham, Donald E. Knuth, Oren Patashnik, _Concrete Mathematics_
- Donald E. Knuth, _The Art of Computer Programming_ .
- Kenneth H. Rosen, _Handbook of Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics_ CRC Press.  .
- Richard Johnsonbaugh, _Discrete Mathematics_ 6th ed. Macmillan. , and companion web site .
- John Dwyer & Suzy Jagger, _Discrete Mathematics for Business & Computing_, 1st ed. 2010 .
- Kenneth H. Rosen, _Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications_ 6th ed. McGraw Hill. , and companion web site.
- Ralph P. Grimaldi, _Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics: An Applied Introduction_ 5th ed. Addison Wesley.
- Susanna S. Epp, _Discrete Mathematics with Applications_ Brooks Cole.
- Jiří Matoušek & Jaroslav Nešetřil, _Invitation to Discrete Mathematics_, OUP, .
- Mathematics Archives , Discrete Mathematics links to syllabi, tutorials, programs, etc.
- Andrew Simpson, _Discrete Mathematics by Example_ McGraw Hill.
- Kenneth A. Ross &  Charles R. B. Wright, Discrete Mathematics.
Louise Ellery

**Louise Ellery** (born 4 January 1977) is an athlete from Australia who has a disability.  She competes in a wheelchair. She competes in the shot put. At the 2010 Commonwealth Games, she won a gold medal in F32–34/52/53 Shot put. She went to the 2004 Summer Paralympics and the 2008 Summer Paralympics. She did not win a medal. She is getting ready for the 2012 Summer Paralympics.
Adrian Lowe

**Adrian Lowe** is an Australian athlete with a disability.  He competes in a wheelchair.  At the 1988 Summer Paralympics, He won two gold medals in the Men's 4 × 100 m Relay A2A4-7 and the Men's 4 × 400 m Relay A2A4-7 races, and three silver medals in the Men's 100 m A4A9, Men's 200 m A4A9, and the Men's 400 m A4A9 races.
Emperor Yōzei

was the 57th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  His reign started in 876 and ended in 884.

## Traditional narrative

Before he became the monarch, his personal name (_imina_) was .

Yōzei was the oldest son of Emperor Seiwa.  His mother was the Fujiwara no Takakiko.  She was the sister of Fujiwara no Mototsune.

## Events of Yōzei's life

Yōzei was made emperor when he was a young boy.
- **869** (_Jōgan 10_): Prince Sadaakira was born.
- **869** (_Jōgan 11_): Sadaakira is named Crown Prince and Seiwa's heir apparent.
- **18 December 876** : In the 18th year of Emperor Seiwa's reign, he abdicated.  Prince Sadaakira received the succession (_senso_).
- **877** (_Gangyō 1_): The beginning of a new _nengō_ was proclaimed the beginning of Yōzei's reign.
- **20 January 877** (_Gangyō 1, 3rd day of the 1st month_): Yōzei was formally established as emperor (_sokui_).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.
- **883** (_Gangyō 7_): Yōzei showed signs of mental illness and violent incidents which could not be ignored.  For example, he killed people randomly in the court.
- **4 March 884** (_Gangyō 8, 4th day of the 2nd month_): Fujiwara no Mototsune removed Yōzei from the palace; and Yōzei was deposed as emperor.

Yōzei was succeeded by his father's uncle, who became known as Emperor Koko. During the reign of Kōkō's son, Emperor Uda, the former emperor became dangerous again.
- **889** (_Kanpyō 1, 10th month_):  Former- Emperor Yōzei again began killing people randomly.  Sometimes he disappeared into the mountains where he chased wild boars and Sika Deer,

Yōzei lived in retirement until the age of 81.

### After his death

The actual site of Yōzei's grave is known.  This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (_misasagi_) at Kyoto.

The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Yōzei's mausoleum.  It is formally named _Kaguragaoka no Higashi no misasagi_.

## Eras of Yōzei's reign

The years of Yōzei's reign are more identified by more than one Japanese era.
- _Jōgan_    (859–877)
- _Gangyō_  (877–885)

## Legacy

In ancient Japan, there were mainly four noble clans, the _Gempeitōkitsu_ (源平藤橘). One of these clans, the Minamoto clan (源氏) are also known as Genji, and of these, the _Yōzei Genji_ (陽成源氏) are descended from the 57th emperor Yōzei.

Yōzei fathered nine sons who were born after his abdication.

## Related pages

- Emperor of Japan
- List of emperors of Japan
- Japanese imperial family tree
- Emperor Go-Yōzei

## Infobox (monarch)

- **name**: Yōzei
- **title**: Emperor of Japan
- **image**: Hyakuninisshu 013.jpg
- **reign**: 876–884
- **coronation**: 877
- **predecessor**: Emperor Seiwa, Seiwa
- **successor**: Emperor Kōkō, Kōkō
- **father**: Emperor Seiwa, Seiwa
- **mother**: Fujiwara no Takaiko
- **birth date**: 869
- **birth place**: Somedono In, Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
- **death date**: 949
- **death place**: Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
- **place of burial**: _Kaguragaoka no Higashi no misasagi_ (Kyōto)
Rene Ahrens

**Rene Ahrens** is an Australian athlete and wheelchair basketball player with a disability.  He won two  bronze medals: one at the 1980 Arnhem Games in the Men's Discus 5 and the other at the 1988 Summer Paralympics in the Men's Discus 6. He also played wheelchair basketball for Australia at the 1980 games.
Kieran Ault-Connell

**Kieran Ault-Connell** (born 30 July 1981) is an Australian athlete with cerebral palsy. He was born in Melbourne. At the 2000 Summer Paralympics, he won two gold medals in the men's  relay T38 and men's  relay T38 races. At the 2004 Summer Paralympics, he won a silver medal in the Men's Javelin F37 event.
Angie Ballard

**Angela "Angie" Ballard** (born 6 June 1982) is an Australian Paralympic athlete  She competes in a wheelchair.

## Career

Ballard started racing in 1994. In August 1998, Ballard raced at the International Paralympic Committee World Championships in Birmingham, England, where she won a gold medal in the women's 4 × 100 m and 4 × 400 m relay race.  She raced at the  2000 Summer Paralympics but she did not win a medal. She competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics competing in the T54 200m, T53 400m and T53 800m. She did not win any medals in those races.  She won a bronze in the T53 100m race.  She competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and did not win a medal in the T53 100m, 200m, 400m and 800m race.  She won a silver medal in the T53/54 4 × 100 m relay race.

## Personal life

Ballard was born on 6 June 1982. in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. She has two cats, Monkee and Jaguar, and a dog named Angel.

## Other websites

- Angie Ballard at  Australian Paralympic Committee

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Angie Ballard
- **image**: XXXX15 - Angela Ballard - 3b - 2016 Team processing.jpg
- **caption**: Ballard in 2016
- **full name**: Angela Ballard
- **nickname**: Angie
- **sport**: Paralympic athletics
- **club**: ACT Academy of Sport, ACTAS
- **collegeteam**: The University of Sydney
- **birth place**: Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
- **height**: 5 ft 7 in
Paul Benz

**Paul M W Benz**, OAM (born 9 January 1986) is an athlete with a disability from Australia.  He competes in a wheelchair.  He won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in the Men's 4 × 100 m T35-38 race.
Robert Biancucci

**Robert Biancucci** is an Australian athlete with a disability.  At the 1988 Summer Paralympics, he won a  gold medal in the Men's 800 m C8 race, a silver medal in the Men's 400 m C8 race, and a bronze medal in the Men's 200 m C8 race. He competed but did not win any medals at the 1992 Summer Paralympics.
Fabian Blattman

**Fabian Blattman** (born 28 December 1958) is a disabled athlete from Australia. He competes in a wheelchair. At the 1988 Summer Paralympics, he came fifth in the first heat of the Men's 200 m 1A - race. He won a silver medal in the 4×100 m race and a bronze medal in the 4×400 m race at the 1992 Summer Paralympics.  At the 1996 Summer Paralympics, he won a gold medal in the 1500 m race and a silver medal in the 800 m race. At the 2000 Summer Paralympics, he won a gold medal in the men's 400 m T51 race, a silver medal in the men's 1500 m T51 race, and a bronze medal in the men's 800 m T51 race.
Joanne Bradshaw

**Joanne Meryl Bradshaw**, OAM (born 8 November 1961) is a disabled athlete from Australia. She competes in a wheelchair. She was born in the Victorian town of Yallourn.  At the 1998 IPC Athletics World Championships in Birmingham, she won a silver medal in the women's discus and a bronze medal in the women's javelin. She won a gold medal at the 2000 Sydney Games in the women's shot put F37 and set a new Paralympic Games record. She competed but did not win any medals at the 2004 Athens Games.

## Infobox (sportsperson)

- **name**: Joanne Bradshaw
- **image**: 150600 - Joanne Bradshaw - 3a - 2000 Sydney media guide scan.jpg
- **caption**: 2000 Australian Paralympic Team portrait of Bradshaw
- **fullname**: Joanne Meryl Bradshaw
- **birth date**: 8 November 1961
- **birth place**: Yallourn
Damien Burroughs

**Damien Burroughs** (born 28 October 1978) is an Australian disabled athlete. He was born in West Union, Ohio, in the United States. He won a gold medal at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in the Men's Discus F36. He competed but did not win any medals at both the 2000 and 2004 Summer Paralympics.
Aaron Chatman

**Aaron Chatman** (born 11 May 1987) is an athlete from Australia. He is disabled.  He competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China and won a silver medal in the men's High jump—F44/46  and a bronze medal in the men's 4 x 100 metre relay—T42-46 race. Irina Dvoskina was his coach.
Darren Collins

**Darren Collins** is a disabled athlete from Australia. He won two bronze medals at the 1992 Summer Paralympics in the Men's 200 m B1 race and the Men's 400 m B1 race.
St. Joseph, Missouri

**St. Joseph** is a city in northwest Missouri. It is next to the Kansas state line north of Kansas City. It is where the famous outlaw Jesse James lived and where the Pony Express started. There is much entertainment to be seen there. And many historical sites and things. There are many shops and restaurants with delicious food. St. Joseph is well known because of the Pony Express. It is one of the biggest cities in Missouri (the eighth biggest) and was established in 1843.
Richard Colman

**Richard Colman** OAM  (born 28 November 1984)  is a disabled athlete from Australia. He raced in the 2004 Summer Paralympics and he won a gold medal in the men's 800 metres—T53 race, and a silver medal in the men's 4 x 100 metre relay—T53-54 race. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and he won a silver medal in the men's 200 metres—T53 race, and a bronze medal in the men's 400 metres—T53 race.
2004 Summer Paralympics

The **2004 Summer Paralympics** were in Athens, Greece. They were the twelfth Paralympics. It is thought that around 4,000 athletes took part in these games. Athletes with learning difficulties were not allowed to take part in these games because it was difficult to test and find out what the disabilities were.
Block (Internet)

A **block** (known as **UIB** on Wikipedia) is action taken to stop certain people having access to information. If a website activates a block based on the internet protocol address (IP address) of a user, that block can effect other users that share the address. Some blocked users try to evade the block called as block evasion by making a different account called as sockpuppetry, using a proxy server, or editing unblocked IP address while their user account is blocked.

## Effects

Blocked users may be completely unable to access all or part of a site's content, which is usually the case when censoring or filtering mechanisms are responsible for the block. Under a shadow ban, a user is given the false impression that their content is still being posted to the site, when in reality it is being hidden from all other users.

In Wikipedia, users with blocked IP address, user account, or both stops them from contributing by disabling their contribute interfaces except the talk page. An option to edit unprotected pages are still shown as "Edit" or "Edit source" even while an IP address or user is blocked to confuse users who try to edit them at first glance but technically, the interface is actually disabled making the option views the source of a particular page when trying to click them while the block is in effect similar to protected pages. If a user with blocked account attempts to access an enabled interface on an unblocked IP address, that IP will be autoblocked automatically and temporarily even without an instance of block evasion by continued contributing while blocked. This makes the site read and view source only that limits the user to viewing the pages and their source code. Local blocks are lifted and interfaces re-enable automatically if it is limited time while those that are indefinite can make both situations only happen manually through the standard offer and reviewing administrator's decision to unblock by accepting the content of an appeal later on after the designated waiting period as part of the offer.

On other wiki sites, the same effect, procedure, and unblocking is the same as Wikipedia, with some differing due to the methods used on unblocking and the way administrators do when reviewing unblock appeals on a particular site. The block notice may not also show when accessing some of the interfaces, with only sign that contributing is disabled due to being blocked is when the flashing bar symbol do not appear when clicking while on the edit interface.
Platform

**Platform**  may mean:

## Arts

- Platform, an arts centre at The Bridge, Easterhouse, Glasgow
- _Platform_ (1993 movie), a 1993 Bollywood action film
- _Platform_ (2000 movie), a 2000 film by Jia Zhangke
- Platform (art group), an interdisciplinary art group that researches the oil industry
- Platform (Australian art group), an artists group based in Melbourne
- _Platform_ (novel), a 2001 novel by Michel Houellebecq

## Physical objects and features

- Carbonate platform, a type of sedimentary body
- Cargo platform, a pallet used to ship cargo and heavy machines by forklift or manual lift
- Diving platform, used in diving
- Jumping platform, naturally occurring platforms, or platforms made in an _ad hoc_ way for cliff jumping
- Oil platform, a structure built for oil production
- Platform, a component of scaffolding
- Platform (geology), the part of a continental craton that is covered by sedimentary rocks
- Platform (shopping center) in Culver City, Greater Los Angeles, California
- Theatre platform, a standard piece of theatrical scenery
- Platform mound, an earthwork intended to support a structure or activity
- Platform shoe, a kind of shoe with a thick sole
- Railway platform, an area at a railway station to alight from/embark on trains or trams

## Politics

- Party platform, a list of principles held by a political party
- Platform (Mali), an alliance of pro-government paramilitary groups in the Mali War
- World Anti-Imperialist Platform, a left-wing political organization opposed to American and NATO imperialism

## Technology

- Platform economy, a contemporary business model based upon apps and websites
- Computing platform, a framework on which applications may be run
- Digital platform (infrastructure), a software-based online infrastructure that facilitates user interactions and transactions
- Platform game, a genre of video games
- Car platform, a set of components shared by several vehicle models
- Weapons platform, a system or structure that carries weapons
- Web platform

## Other uses

- Economic platform, an intermediary in a two-sided market
- Platform (business model), a business model that creates value by facilitating exchanges between two or more interdependent groups
- Platform conodonts, a type of conodonts with highly evolved feeding elements

## Related pages

- The Platform (disambiguation)
- Platform 4, a theatre company in Hampshire, England
- Platform economy, economic and social activity facilitated by platforms, typically online sales or technology frameworks
- Platform release, a gradual film distribution strategy
- Platforming (disambiguation)
- Platformism, a form of anarchist organization that seeks unity from its participants
- "Platforms", a song by M.I.A. from _AIM_ (album)
Islet

**Islets** are small islands with little or no vegetation and are mostly uninhabited. Examples are Ortac in the English Channel and the Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea.

## List of islets

The Earth has many islets. The following is a list of example islets from around the world.

- Águila Islet, the southernmost point of The Americas
- Aplin Islet (Queensland)
- Apia
- Auster Lake Islet
- Ball's Pyramid, South Pacific
- Bay Islet or See Chau, Hong Kong
- Benggala Island, Indonesia
- Bikirrin, in Majuro, Marshall Islands
- Black Rock, South Atlantic
- Boundary Islet, Australia
- Bogskär, Finland
- Briggs Islet, southeastern Australia
- Bushy Islet (Queensland)
- Capitancillo, in Bogo City, Cebu, Philippines
- Chão, in the Madeira Islands, Portugal
- Cholmondeley Islet (Queensland)
- Clubes Island, Brasília, Brazil
- Columbretes Islands, Spain
- Cone Islet, southeastern Australia
- Douglas Islet (Queensland)
- Dry Tortugas, Florida Keys, USA
- Dugay Islet, southeastern Australia
- Edwards Islet, southeastern Australia
- Enekalamur in Majuro, Marshall Islands
- Enemanit in Majuro, Marshall Islands
- Fairway Rock, Bering Strait
- Fastnet Rock, Ireland
- Filfla, southern Malta
- Formigas, in the Azores islands
- Gáshólmur, Faroe Islands
- Granite Island, Victor Harbor, South Australia
- Galatasaray Islet, Istanbul, Turkey
- Halfway Islet, Queensland, Australia
- Herald Island, Arctic Ocean
- Île Vierge, France
- Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom
- Kid Island, Lake of the Ozarks, Missouri United States
- Islets of Caroline Island, in Kiribati
- Islets of Mauritius
- Isla de Alborán, Spain, Western Mediterranean
- Jardine Islet (Queensland)
- Jethou, Bailiwick of Guernsey
- Keelung Islet, off the northern shore of Taiwan
- Klein Bonaire, Netherlands
- Rockall, North Atlantic
- Saint Peter and Saint Paul rocks, equatorial Atlantic
- Salas y Gómez, Northeast from Easter Island
- San Juan Islet, Puerto Rico
- Saunders Islet (Queensland)
- Seacrow Islet, southeastern Australia
- Shag Rocks, South Atlantic
- Silver Islet, Ontario
- Sinclair Islet (Queensland)
- Skull Islet, in British Columbia, Canada
Grand Ole Opry

The **Grand Ole Opry** is a country music organization. It performs a concert every week and gives awards. The type of music they play is country music. Loretta Lynn performed there for over 50 years. Also, Carrie Underwood has been playing there since 2006.

## Artists

- Garth Brooks
- Carrie Underwood
- Kellie Pickler
- Jo Dee Messina
- Aaron Tippin

## Other websites

- Grand Ole Opry on TV _Internet Archive_ Complete show of April 28, 1956, in black & white
- Library of Congress Local Legacies Project: Grand Ole Opry

## Infobox (radio show)

- **name**: Grand Ole Opry
- **image**: Grand Ole Opry logo.svg
- **image size**: 200px
- **other names**: WSM Barn Dance (1925–1927)
- **runtime**: Saturdays: 120 minutes (+15-minute intermission)
- **start time**: 19:00
- **end time**: 21:15
- **country**: United States
- **home station**: WSM (AM), WSM
- **creator**: George D. Hay
- **rec location**: *Grand Ole Opry House (Nashville, Tennessee, Nashville) (1974–present)
*Ryman Auditorium (Nashville) (1943–1974, winter venue 1999–2020, 2023-present)
*War Memorial Auditorium (Nashville, Tennessee), War Memorial Auditorium (Nashville) (1939–1943)
*Dixie Tabernacle (Nashville) (1936–1939)
*Belcourt Theatre, Hillsboro Theatre (Nashville) (1934–1936)
*National Life and Accident Insurance Company, Studio C (Nashville) (1925–1934)
- **num episodes**: 5,097 (as of September 9, 2023)
- **sponsor**: Humana