juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Chris Welch (politician)

**Emanuel Christopher Welch** (born February 6, 1971), known as **Chris Welch**, is an American lawyer and politician. He has been the 70th Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives since 2021. He is a Democrat. He represents the 7th district in Cook County since 2013.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Chris Welch
- **image**: Chris Welch May 2023.jpg
- **office**: 70th List of Speakers of the Illinois House of Representatives, Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives
- **term start**: January 13, 2021
- **predecessor**: Michael Madigan
- **state house1**: Illinois
- **district1**: Illinois's 7th House of Representatives district, 7th
- **term start1**: January 11, 2013
- **predecessor1**: Cory Foster
- **birth name**: Emanuel Christopher Welch
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: Northwestern University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
John Marshall Law School (Chicago), John Marshall Law School (Juris Doctor, JD)
- **spouse**: ShawnTe Raines
- **children**: 2
- **caption**: Welch in 2023.
Charles S. Deneen

**Charles Samuel Deneen** (May 4, 1863 – February 5, 1940) was an American lawyer and Republican politician. He was the 23rd Governor of Illinois from 1905 to 1913. He was a U.S. Senator from 1925 to 1931. Deneen was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1892 to 1894.

Deneen was born in Edwardsville, Illinois, to Samuel H. Deneen and Mary Frances Ashley.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: File:Senator-elect Chas. S. Deneen of Ill. at his desk, 2-3-25 LCCN2016839253 (cropped less).jpg
- **caption**: Deneen  1925
- **state1**: Illinois
- **jr/sr1**: United States Senator
- **term start1**: February 26, 1925
- **term end1**: March 3, 1931
- **predecessor1**: Medill McCormick
- **successor1**: J. Hamilton Lewis
- **order2**: 23rd
- **office2**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start2**: January 9, 1905
- **term end2**: February 3, 1913
- **lieutenant2**: Lawrence Yates Sherman, Lawrence Sherman
John G. Oglesby
- **predecessor2**: Richard Yates Jr.
- **successor2**: Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne
- **office3**: Cook County State's Attorney, State's Attorney of Cook County, Illinois
- **term start3**: 1896
- **term end3**: 1904
- **predecessor3**: Jacob J. Kern
- **successor3**: John J. Healy (attorney), John J. Healy
- **office4**: Member of the Illinois House of Representatives from the 2nd District
- **term start4**: 1892
- **term end4**: 1894
- **alongside4**: Michael McInerney, Robert McMurdy
- **predecessor4**: Michael McInerney, William J. Kenney, H. Dorsey Patton
- **successor4**: Rudolph Mulac, Oscar L. Dudley, Sherman P. Cody
- **birth name**: Charles Samuel Deneen
- **birth date**: May 4, 1863
- **birth place**: Edwardsville, Illinois, US
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois, US
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: McKendree College
Union College of Law
- **profession**: Attorney
- **children**: 4
- **relatives**: Jason Beghe (great-grandson)
- **signature**: Signature of Charles Samuel Deneen.png
Richard Yates Jr.

**Richard Yates Jr.** (December 12, 1860 – April 11, 1936) was an American politician. He was the 22nd Governor of Illinois from 1901 to 1905. From 1919 to 1933, he was in the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois. He was the first Illinois-born politician to become Illinois governor. His father, Richard Yates Sr., was also governor.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Richard Yates Jr.
- **image**: File:Governor Richard Yates Jr.tif
- **caption**: Yates in 1901
- **order1**: 22nd
- **office1**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start1**: January 14, 1901
- **term end1**: January 9, 1905
- **lieutenant1**: William Northcott, William A. Northcott
- **predecessor1**: John Riley Tanner, John R. Tanner
- **successor1**: Charles S. Deneen
- **state2**: Illinois
- **term start2**: March 4, 1919
- **term end2**: March 4, 1929
- **predecessor2**: Medill McCormick
- **successor2**: Ruth Hanna McCormick
- **state3**: Illinois
- **term start3**: March 4, 1929
- **term end3**: March 3, 1933
- **predecessor3**: Henry R. Rathbone
- **successor3**: Walter Nesbit
- **office4**: Member of the Illinois House of Representatives
- **birth place**: Jacksonville, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Springfield, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: History of the United States Republican Party#The Progressive Era: 1896–1932, Republican
- **children**: 5
- **residence**: Jacksonville, Illinois, Jacksonville; Springfield, Illinois, Springfield; Harbor Springs, Michigan
- **alma mater**: Illinois College
 University of Michigan
- **occupation**: Attorney at law (United States), Attorney; Commissioners' Court, County judge
- **profession**: Politician
- **spouse**: Helen Wadsworth
- **branch**: United States National Guard
- **serviceyears**: 1885–1890
- **rank**: Private (rank), Private
- **unit**: Illinois National Guard, Illinois
- **signature**: Signature of Richard Yates Jr. (1860–1936).png
John Riley Tanner

**John Riley Tanner** (April 4, 1844 – May 23, 1901) was an American politician. He was the 21st Governor of Illinois, from 1897 until 1901.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Riley Tanner
- **image**: John.R.Tanner.jpg
- **caption**: Tanner circa 1899
- **order1**: 21st
- **office1**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start1**: January 11, 1897
- **term end1**: January 14, 1901
- **lieutenant1**: William Northcott, William A. Northcott
- **predecessor1**: John Peter Altgeld
- **successor1**: Richard Yates Jr.
- **office2**: Treasurer of Illinois
- **term start2**: 1887
- **term end2**: 1889
- **governor2**: Richard J. Oglesby
- **preceded2**: Jacob Gross (Illinois politician), Jacob Gross
- **succeeded2**: Charles Becker (politician), Charles Becker
- **office3**: Member of the Illinois Senate
- **district3**: 44th
- **term3**: 1880-1883
- **birth date**: April 4, 1844
- **birth place**: near Boonville, Indiana, U.S.
- **death place**: Springfield, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: History of the United States Republican Party#The Progressive Era: 1896–1932, Republican
- **children**: Lucinda J., James Mack
- **occupation**: Farmer
Politician
- **signature**: Signature of John Riley Tanner (1844–1901).png
John Peter Altgeld

**John Peter Altgeld** (December 30, 1847 – March 12, 1902) was an American Democratic politician and lawyer. He was the 20th Governor of Illinois from 1893 until 1897.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Peter Altgeld
- **image**: John Peter Altgeld 1893.webp
- **caption**: Altgeld  1893
- **order**: 20th
- **office**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start**: January 10, 1893
- **term end**: January 11, 1897
- **lieutenant**: Joseph B. Gill
- **predecessor**: Joseph W. Fifer
- **successor**: John Riley Tanner, John R. Tanner
- **office1**: Judge of the Superior Court of Cook County
- **term start1**: December 6, 1886
- **term end1**: August 1, 1891
- **predecessor1**: Rollin S. Williamson
- **successor1**: Jonas Hutchinson
- **birth place**: Selters, Rhineland-Palatinate, Selters, Duchy of Nassau
- **death place**: Joliet, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **profession**: Judge, lawyer
- **serviceyears**: 1863–1865
- **rank**: Private (rank), Private
- **unit**: 164th Ohio Infantry
- **battles**: American Civil War
- **signature**: John P. Altgeld signature.jpg
Joseph W. Fifer

**Joseph Wilson Fifer** (October 28, 1840 – August 6, 1938) was an American politician. He was the 19th governor of Illinois from 1889 to 1893. He also was a member of the Illinois Senate from 1881 to 1883.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Joseph Wilson Fifer
- **image**: Joseph.W.Fifer.jpg
- **caption**: Fifer circa 1892
- **order**: 19th
- **office**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start**: January 14, 1889
- **term end**: January 10, 1893
- **lieutenant**: Lyman Ray
- **predecessor**: Richard J. Oglesby
- **successor**: John Peter Altgeld
- **office2**: Commissioner of the Interstate Commerce Commission
- **term start2**: November 14, 1899
- **term end2**: December 30, 1905
- **predecessor2**: William J. Calhoun
- **successor2**: Franklin Knight Lane
- **office3**: Member of the Illinois Senate from the 28th district
- **term3**: 1881–1885
- **predecessor3**: John Marshall Hamilton, John M. Hamilton
- **successor3**: LaFayette Funk
- **signature**: Joseph Wilson Fifer Signature.svg
- **birth date**: October 28, 1840
- **birth place**: Staunton, Virginia, U.S.
- **death place**: Bloomington, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Republican
John Marshall Hamilton

**John Marshall Hamilton** (May 28, 1847 – September 22, 1905) was an American politician. He was the 18th Governor of Illinois from 1883 to 1885. Hamilton was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1876. He served there until 1881, when he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois on a ticket with Shelby Moore Cullom. When Cullom resigned after election to the United States Senate, Hamilton became Governor of Illinois.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Marshall Hamilton
- **image**: John.Marshall.Hamilton.jpg
- **order**: 18th
- **office**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start**: February 16, 1883
- **term end**: January 30, 1885
- **lieutenant**: William Campbell (Illinois politician), William Campbell
- **predecessor**: Shelby Moore Cullom
- **successor**: Richard J. Oglesby
- **office2**: 22nd Lieutenant Governor of Illinois
- **term start2**: January 10, 1881
- **term end2**: February 6, 1883
- **governor2**: Shelby Moore Cullom
- **predecessor2**: Andrew Shuman
- **successor2**: William J. Campbell (Illinois politician), William J. Campbell
- **state senate3**: Illinois
- **district3**: 28th
- **predecessor3**: John Cusey
- **successor3**: Joseph W. Fifer
- **birth date**: May 28, 1847
- **birth place**: Union County, Ohio
- **death place**: Chicago, Illinois
- **signature**: John Marshall Hamilton Signature.svg
- **party**: Republican
John Boyle (congressman)

**John Boyle** (October 28, 1774 – February 28, 1834) was an American politician and judge. He was a U.S. representative from Kentucky from 1803 to 1809. He was chief justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals (now the Kentucky Supreme Court) from 1810 to 1826. He was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Kentucky from 1826 to 1834.

## Other websites

- History of the Sixth Circuit

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Boyle
- **image**: John Boyle portrait.jpg
- **caption**: Judicial portrait of John Boyle, c. 1834.
- **office**: Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Kentucky
- **term start**: October 20, 1826
- **term end**: February 28, 1834
- **appointer**: List of federal judges appointed by John Quincy Adams, John Quincy Adams
- **predecessor**: Robert Trimble
- **successor**: Thomas Bell Monroe
- **office2**: Chief Justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court, Kentucky Court of Appeals
- **term start2**: 1810
- **term end2**: 1826
- **predecessor2**: George M. Bibb
- **successor2**: George M. Bibb
 William T. Barry (disputed)
- **state3**: Kentucky
- **district3**: Kentucky's 2nd congressional district, 2nd
- **term start3**: March 4, 1803
- **term end3**: March 3, 1809
- **predecessor3**: John Fowler (politician), John Fowler
- **successor3**: Samuel McKee (1774), Samuel McKee
- **state house4**: Kentucky
- **district4**: Garrard County
- **term4**: 1800
- **birth name**: John Boyle
- **birth place**: Botetourt County, Virginia, Botetourt County, Virginia Colony, British America
- **death place**: Danville, Kentucky, U.S.
- **resting place**: Bellevue Cemetery (Danville, Kentucky)
- **party**: Democratic-Republican Party, Democratic-Republican
- **education**: read law
Nathaniel Pope

**Nathaniel Pope** (January 5, 1784 – January 23, 1850) was an American politician. He was the Secretary of the Illinois Territory, then as a Delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Illinois Territory.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Nathaniel Pope
- **image**: Nathaniel Pope.jpg
- **office**: Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Illinois
- **appointer**: James Monroe
- **term start**: March 3, 1819
- **term end**: January 23, 1850
- **predecessor**: Seat established
- **successor**: Thomas Drummond (judge), Thomas Drummond
- **office1**: Delegate to the
United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives
from the Illinois Territory's
Illinois Territory's at-large congressional district, at-large district
- **term start1**: December 2, 1816
- **term end1**: November 30, 1818
- **predecessor1**: Benjamin Stephenson (politician), Benjamin Stephenson
- **successor1**: John McLean (Illinois politician), John McLean (Representative)
- **office2**: Illinois Secretary of State, Secretary of the Illinois Territory
- **governor2**: Ninian Edwards
- **term start2**: April 24, 1809
- **term end2**: December 16, 1816
- **predecessor2**: Seat established
- **successor2**: Joseph Phillips (judge), Joseph Phillips
- **office3**: Governor of Illinois, Governor of Illinois Territory
- **status3**: Acting
- **term start3**: April 24, 1809
- **term end3**: June 11, 1809*
- **predecessor3**: Position established
- **successor3**: Ninian Edwards
- **birth place**: Louisville, Kentucky, Louisville, Virginia, U.S. (now Kentucky)
- **death place**: St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
- **restingplace**: Bellefontaine Cemetery
- **party**: Democratic-Republican Party, Democratic-Republican
- **education**: Transylvania University
Shelby M. Cullom

**Shelby Moore Cullom** (November 22, 1829 – January 28, 1914) was an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1865 until 1871. He was am member of the United States Senate from 1883 until 1913. He was the 17th Governor of Illinois from 1877 until 1883.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Shelby M. Cullom
- **image**: Shelby Moore Cullom - Brady-Handy (cropped2).jpg
- **office1**: Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference
- **term start1**: April 1911
- **term end1**: March 3, 1913
- **predecessor1**: Eugene Hale
- **successor1**: Jacob Harold Gallinger
- **jr/sr2**: United States Senator
- **state2**: Illinois
- **term start2**: March 4, 1883
- **term end2**: March 3, 1913
- **predecessor2**: David Davis (Supreme Court justice), David Davis
- **successor2**: J. Hamilton Lewis
- **order3**: 17th
- **office3**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start3**: January 8, 1877
- **term end3**: February 16, 1883
- **lieutenant3**: Andrew Shuman
John M. Hamilton
- **predecessor3**: John Lourie Beveridge, John L. Beveridge
- **successor3**: John Marshall Hamilton, John M. Hamilton
- **state4**: Illinois
- **term start4**: March 4, 1865
- **term end4**: March 3, 1871
- **predecessor4**: John T. Stuart
- **successor4**: James Carroll Robinson, James C. Robinson
- **office5**: List of Speakers of the Illinois House of Representatives, Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives
- **term start5**: 1873
- **term end5**: 1875
- **predecessor5**: William M. Smith
- **successor5**: Elijah Haines
- **term start6**: 1861
- **term end6**: 1863
- **predecessor6**: William Ralls Morrison
- **successor6**: Samuel A. Buckmaster
- **office7**: Member of the Illinois House of Representatives
- **term start7**: 1873
- **term end7**: 1875
- **term start8**: 1860
- **term end8**: 1863
- **term start9**: 1856
- **term end9**: 1857
- **birth date**: November 22, 1829
- **birth place**: Monticello, Kentucky, U.S.
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **resting place**: Oak Ridge Cemetery,
Springfield, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **profession**: Attorney
- **signature**: Shelby Moore Cullom Signature.svg
- **children**: 3
John Lourie Beveridge

**John Lourie Beveridge** (July 6, 1824 – May 3, 1910) was the 16th Governor of Illinois from 1873 to 1877.

John Lourie Beveridge was born in Greenwich, New York, on July 6, 1824, the son of Ann (Hoy) and George Beveridge.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Lourie Beveridge
- **image**: John.L.Beveridge.1.jpg
- **order**: 16th
- **office**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start**: January 23, 1873
- **term end**: January 8, 1877
- **lieutenant**: John Early (politician), John Early
Archibald Glenn (Illinois), Archibald Glenn
- **predecessor**: Richard J. Oglesby
- **successor**: Shelby Moore Cullom
- **order2**: 18th
- **office2**: Lieutenant Governor of Illinois
- **term start2**: January 13, 1873
- **term end2**: January 23, 1873
- **governor2**: Richard J. Oglesby
- **predecessor2**: Richard J. Oglesby
- **successor2**: John Early (politician), John Early
- **state3**: Illinois
- **office3**: Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 3rd congressional district
- **term start3**: November 4, 1871
- **term end3**: January 4, 1873
- **predecessor3**: John A. Logan
- **successor3**: _District eliminated_
- **office4**: Cook County Sheriff
- **term start4**: 1864
- **term end4**: 1870
- **birth date**: July 6, 1824
- **birth place**: Greenwich (town), New York, Greenwich, New York, US
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, US
- **signature**: John Lourie Beveridge Signature.svg
- **party**: Republican
- **profession**: lawyer
- **allegiance**: United States
Union (American Civil War), Union
- **branch**: Union Army
- **serviceyears**: 1861–1866
- **rank**: Colonel (United States), Colonel
 Brevet (military), Bvt. Brigadier general (United States), Brigadier General
- **commands**: 17th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, 17th Illinois Cavalry
- **unit**: 8th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, 8th Illinois Cavalry Regiment
- **battles**: American Civil War
John M. Palmer

**John McAuley Palmer** (September 13, 1817September 25, 1900) was an American politician. He was the 15th governor of Illinois from 1869 until 1873. He was a presidential candidate of the National Democratic Party in the 1896 election.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Palmer
- **image**: JohnMPalmer.png
- **jr/sr1**: United States Senator
- **state1**: Illinois
- **term start1**: March 4, 1891
- **term end1**: March 3, 1897
- **preceded1**: Charles B. Farwell
- **succeeded1**: William E. Mason (American politician), William E. Mason
- **order2**: 15th Governor of Illinois
- **term start2**: January 11, 1869
- **term end2**: January 13, 1873
- **lieutenant2**: John Dougherty (Illinois politician), John Dougherty
- **predecessor2**: Richard J. Oglesby
- **successor2**: Richard J. Oglesby
- **office3**: Member of the Illinois Senate
- **term start3**: 1852
- **term end3**: 1855
- **birth name**: John McAuley Palmer
- **birth place**: Scott County, Kentucky, U.S.
- **death place**: Springfield, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic (before 1848, 1852–1856, 1872–1896)
Free Soil Party, Free Soil (1848–1852)
Republican Party (United States), Republican (1856–1870)
Liberal Republican Party (United States), Liberal Republican (1870–1872)
National Democratic Party (United States), National Democratic (1896–1900)
- **education**: Shurtleff College
- **allegiance**: * United States
** Union (American Civil War), Union
- **branch**: United States Army
Union Army
- **rank**: Major general (United States), Major General
- **serviceyears**: 1861–1866
- **commands**: XIV Corps (Union Army), XIV Corps
- **battles**: American Civil War
Physeter

***Physeter*** is a genus of giant toothed whales, that include now a only living species: Sperm whale (_Physeter macrocephalus_)_._ The genus include two possible extinct species, and with a one probably junior synonym: _Physeter antiquus_ and _P. vetus_. _P. vetus_ is now considered a synonym of _P. antiquus_, the _P. antiquus_ is the only extinct species of the genus.

## Related pages

- Sperm whale

## Notes

- The fossil of Sperm whales is very rare.
- The synonym of _Physeter_ include: _Catodon_, _Orthodon_, _Megistosaurus_ and others names.
- See also PBDB from the synonyms.
Richard Yates Sr.

**Richard Yates Sr.** (January 18, 1815 – November 27, 1873) was an American attorney and politician. He was the 13th Governor of Illinois from 1861 to 1865 during the American Civil War. He also represented the state in the United States House of Representatives from 1851 to 1855 and the United States Senate from 1865 to 1871. His son, Richard Yates Jr., was also governor.

## Other websites

- Illinois Blue Book 2005–2006
- Digital collections of the Yates Family Papers  and Yates (Wabash College) Papers  at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum website

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Richard Yates Sr.
- **image**: Richard Yates Governor LOC.jpg
- **caption**: Yates
- **jr/sr1**: United States Senator
- **state1**: Illinois
- **term start1**: March 4, 1865
- **term end1**: March 3, 1871
- **preceded1**: William Alexander Richardson, William A. Richardson
- **succeeded1**: John A. Logan
- **order2**: 13th
- **office2**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start2**: January 14, 1861
- **term end2**: January 16, 1865
- **lieutenant2**: Francis Hoffmann
- **predecessor2**: John Wood (governor), John Wood
- **successor2**: Richard J. Oglesby
- **office3**: Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Illinois
- **constituency3**: (185153)
 (185355)
- **term start3**: March 4, 1851
- **term end3**: March 3, 1855
- **preceded3**: Thomas L. Harris
- **succeeded3**: Thomas L. Harris
- **office5**: Member of the Illinois House of Representatives
- **term5**: 1842–1845
1848–1849
- **birth date**: January 18, 1815
- **birth place**: Warsaw, Kentucky, U.S.
- **death place**: St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
- **party**: Whig Party (United States), Whig (until 1854)

Republican Party (United States), Republican (after 1854)
- **signature**: Richard Yates Signature.svg
- **alma mater**: Illinois College
Transylvania University
- **profession**: Politician
Richard Yates (politician)

**Richard Yates** can be about:
- Richard Yates Sr. (1815–1873), 13th governor of Illinois (1861–1865), U.S. Senator from Illinois (1865–1871), U.S. Congressman from Illinois (1851–1855), member of Illinois House of Representatives (1842–1845, 1848–1849)
- Richard Yates Jr. (1860–1936), son of above, 22nd governor of Illinois (1901–1905), U.S. Congressman from Illinois (1919–1933)
John Wood (governor)

**John Wood** (December 20, 1798 – June 4, 1880) was an American politician. He was the 12th governor of Illinois, serving from March 18, 1860, to January 14, 1861.  Wood was a founder, and the first settler of Quincy, Illinois.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Wood
- **image**: Governor John Wood of Illinois.png
- **order1**: 12th
- **office1**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start1**: March 18, 1860
- **term end1**: January 14, 1861
- **lieutenant1**: Thomas Marshall
- **predecessor1**: William Henry Bissell
- **successor1**: Richard Yates Sr.
- **governor2**: William Henry Bissell
- **office2**: Lieutenant Governor of Illinois
- **order2**: 13th
- **term start2**: January 12, 1857
- **term end2**: March 18, 1860
- **predecessor2**: Gustav Koerner
- **successor2**: Thomas Marshall
- **office3**: Member of the Illinois Senate
- **term3**: 1850
- **birth place**: Sempronius, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Quincy, Illinois, U.S.
- **restingplace**: Woodland Cemetery (Quincy, Illinois), Woodland Cemetery
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Ann M. Streeter
Mary Ann Holmes
- **occupation**: Farmer, Banker, Businessman, Politician
- **signature**: Signature of John Wood (1798–1880).png
Sempronius, New York

**Sempronius** is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The population was 840 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Sempronius, New York
- **settlement type**: Administrative divisions of New York#Town, Town
- **pushpin map**: New York#USA
- **pushpin label**: Sempronius
- **image map**: File:Cayuga County NY Sempronius town highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location within Cayuga County, New York, Cayuga County and New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name2**: Cayuga County, New York, Cayuga
- **government type**: Town Council
- **leader title**: Town Supervisor
- **leader name**: Kevin J. Court (United States Republican Party, R)
- **leader title1**: Town Council
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 76.97
- **area land km2**: 75.99
- **area water km2**: 0.98
- **area total sq mi**: 29.72
- **area land sq mi**: 29.34
- **area water sq mi**: 0.38
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 840
- **population density km2**: 11.05
- **population density sq mi**: 28.63
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 529
- **elevation ft**: 1736
- **postal code type**: ZIP Codes
- **area code**: Area code 315, 315
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-011-66278
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0979479
William Henry Bissell

**William Henry Bissell** (April 25, 1811March 18, 1860) was an American politician. He was the 11th Governor of the U.S. state of Illinois from 1857 until his death in 1860. He died of pneumonia at the Illinois Executive Mansion in Springfield.

## Other websites

- William Henry Bissell-First Catholic Governor of Illinois
- The first big Springfield funeral

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: William Henry Bissell
- **image**: William Henry Bissell.png
- **order**: 11th
- **office**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start**: January 12, 1857
- **term end**: March 18, 1860
- **lieutenant**: John Wood
- **predecessor**: Joel Aldrich Matteson
- **successor**: John Wood (governor), John Wood
- **order2**: Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's Illinois's 8th congressional district, 8th district
- **term start2**: March 4, 1853
- **term end2**: March 3, 1855
- **preceded2**: _District created_
- **succeeded2**: James L. D. Morrison
- **order3**: Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's Illinois's 1st congressional district, 1st district
- **term start3**: March 4, 1849
- **term end3**: March 3, 1853
- **preceded3**: Robert Smith (Illinois politician), Robert Smith
- **succeeded3**: Elihu B. Washburne
- **office4**: Member of the Illinois House of Representatives
- **term4**: 1840–1842
- **birth place**: Hartwick, New York, U.S.
- **death place**: Springfield, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic, Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Emily Susan Jones, Elizabeth Kane
- **profession**: Physician, lawyer, politician
- **signature**: William Henry Bissel Signature.svg
- **branch**: United States Army
- **rank**:  Colonel
- **serviceyears**: 1846–1847
- **battles**: Mexican–American War
* Battle of Buena Vista
Hartwick, New York

**Hartwick** is a town located in Otsego County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 1,952.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Hartwick, New York
- **settlement type**: Administrative divisions of New York#Town, Town
- **image map**: Otsego County outline map Hartwick red.png
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Otsego County map with the Town of Hartwick in Red
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: New York (state), New York
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in New York, County
- **subdivision name2**: Otsego County, New York, Otsego
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 104.69
- **area land km2**: 103.82
- **area water km2**: 0.87
- **area total sq mi**: 40.42
- **area land sq mi**: 40.09
- **area water sq mi**: 0.33
- **population as of**: 2020 United States census, 2020
- **population total**: 1952
- **population density km2**: 18.80
- **population density sq mi**: 48.70
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 508
- **elevation ft**: 1667
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 13348
- **area code**: Area code 607, 607
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 36-32589
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0979056
Augustus C. French

**Augustus Chaflin French** (August 2, 1808 – September 4, 1864) was an American politician who was the ninth governor of the U.S. state of Illinois from 1846 until 1853.

French was born in Hill, New Hampshire, the son of Eunice (Dickerson) and Joseph French.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Portrait of Gov. Augustus C. French at the State Capitol in Springfield (cropped).png
- **order**: 9th
- **office**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start**: December 9, 1846
- **term end**: January 10, 1853
- **lieutenant**: Joseph Wells (politician), Joseph Wells
William McMurtry
- **predecessor**: Thomas Ford (politician), Thomas Ford
- **successor**: Joel Aldrich Matteson
- **birth name**: Augustus Chaflin French
- **birth place**: Hill, New Hampshire, US
- **death place**: Lebanon, Illinois, US
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Lucy Southwick
- **residence**: Crawford County, Illinois, Crawford County; St. Clair County, Illinois, St. Clair County
- **occupation**: Attorney; Professor of Law
- **profession**: Politician
- **signature**: Signature of Augustus Chaflin French (1808–1864).png
- **caption**: French's Portrait in the Illinois State Capitol's Hall of Governors
Thomas Ford (politician)

**Thomas Ford** (December 5, 1800 – November 3, 1850) was an American lawyer, judge, author and politician. He was the eighth Governor of Illinois from 1842 until 1846. Ford County, Illinois is named for him.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Thomas Ford
- **image**: Thomas Ford (cropped less).png
- **order**: 8th
- **office**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start**: December 8, 1842
- **term end**: December 9, 1846
- **lieutenant**: John Moore (Illinois politician), John Moore
- **predecessor**: Thomas Carlin
- **successor**: Augustus C. French
- **birth place**: Uniontown, Pennsylvania, US
- **death place**: Peoria, Illinois, US
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democrat
- **profession**: Lawyer, judge
- **signature**: Signature of Thomas Ford (1800–1850).png
Prelude and Fugue in F major, BWV 880

The **Prelude and Fugue in** **F major, BWV 880**, is a piece of music for keyboard by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is the 11th prelude and fugue in the second book of _The Well-Tempered Clavier_, a group of 48 preludes and fugues.
Prelude and Fugue in F minor, BWV 881

The **Prelude and Fugue in** **F minor, BWV 881**, is a piece of music for keyboard by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is the 12th prelude and fugue in the second book of _The Well-Tempered Clavier_, a group of 48 preludes and fugues.

## More reading

- Bach, Johann Sebastian. "Prelude and Fugue No. 12 in F Minor." The Well Tempered Clavier, Books 1 and 2. Ed. Saul Novak.

- Hypertext  David Korevaar, Philip Goeth, and Edward Parmentier performing

## Other websites

- Prelude and Fugue No. 12 in F Minor Sheet Music (PDF)
Nick Jr. (Scandinavian TV channel)

**Nick Jr.** is a Scandinavian television channel targeting preschoolers.

Viasat announced the launch of Nick Jr. on 25 May 2010. It launched on 1 September 2010. Viasat and Tele2 TV were broadcasting the channel from the start. Canal Digital added the channel on 7 January 2013.

Nick Jr. became MTV Networks' fourth dedicated Swedish channel, after MTV, Nickelodeon and Comedy Central.

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Nick Jr. (Scandinavia)
- **logo**: Nick Jr. logo 2023.svg
- **owner**: Paramount Networks EMEAA (Paramount International Networks)
- **sister channels**: Nickelodeon (Sweden), Nickelodeon, Nicktoons (Scandinavia), Nicktoons, MTV Sweden, MTV, Comedy Central (Sweden), Comedy Central
Thomas Carlin

**Thomas Carlin** (July 18, 1789 – February 14, 1852) an American farmer, soldier and politician who was the seventh Governor of Illinois from 1838 to 1842. He became the first Democrat nominated at an Illinois state convention.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Thomas Carlin
- **image**: Thomas Carlin (cropped less).png
- **order1**: 7th
- **office1**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start1**: December 7, 1838
- **term end1**: December 8, 1842
- **lieutenant1**: Stinson Anderson
- **predecessor1**: Joseph Duncan (politician), Joseph Duncan
- **successor1**: Thomas Ford (politician), Thomas Ford
- **office2**: Member of the Illinois Senate
- **term start2**: 1824
- **term end2**: 1833
- **office3**: Member of the Illinois House of Representatives
- **term start3**: 1849
- **term end3**: 1849
- **birth place**: near Frankfort, Kentucky, U.S.
- **death place**: Carrollton, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **profession**: Farmer, soldier, politician
- **signature**: Signature of Thomas Carlin (1789–1852).png
Joseph Duncan (politician)

**Joseph Duncan** (February 22, 1794January 15, 1844) was an American politician. He was the sixth Governor of Illinois from 1834 to 1838. He is the only Whig to ever govern the state.

Duncan died at his home in Jacksonville, Illinois on January 15, 1844, at the age of 49.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Joseph Duncan
- **image**: Joseph Duncan (cropped less).png
- **order1**: 6th
- **office1**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start1**: December 3, 1834
- **term end1**: December 7, 1838
- **lieutenant1**: Alexander M. Jenkins
William H. Davidson (lieutenant governor), William H. Davidson
- **predecessor1**: William Lee D. Ewing
- **successor1**: Thomas Carlin
- **state2**: Illinois
- **office2**: Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's at-large congressional district
- **term start2**: March 4, 1827
- **term end2**: March 3, 1833
- **predecessor2**: Daniel Pope Cook
- **successor2**: _District elections_
- **state3**: Illinois
- **office3**: Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 3rd congressional district
- **term start3**: March 4, 1833
- **term end3**: September 21, 1834
- **predecessor3**: _District created_
- **successor3**: William L. May
- **office4**: Member of the Illinois House of Representatives
- **term4**: 1825-1829
- **office5**: Member of the Illinois Senate
- **birth place**: Paris, Kentucky, US
- **death place**: Jacksonville, Illinois, US
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic, Whig Party (United States), Whig
- **profession**: Politician
- **signature**: Signature of Joseph Duncan (1794–1844).png
William Lee D. Ewing

**William Lee Davidson Ewing** (August 31, 1795 – March 25, 1846) was an American politician. He was the 5th Governor of Illinois for one month in 1834. He was the 5th Lieutenant Governor of Illinois from 1833 until 1834. From 1835 until 1837, he was the United States Senator from Illinois.

He died at his home in Springfield, Illinois on March 25, 1846.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: William Lee D. Ewing
- **image**: Governor Ewing Portrait (cropped).jpg
- **jr/sr1**: United States Senator
- **state1**: Illinois
- **term start1**: December 30, 1835
- **term end1**: March 3, 1837
- **appointer1**: Joseph Duncan (politician), Joseph Duncan
- **predecessor1**: Elias Kane
- **successor1**: Richard M. Young
- **order2**: 5th
- **office2**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start2**: November 17, 1834
- **term end2**: December 3, 1834
- **lieutenant2**: _Vacant_
- **predecessor2**: John Reynolds (Illinois politician), John Reynolds
- **successor2**: Joseph Duncan (politician), Joseph Duncan
- **office3**: 5th Lieutenant Governor of Illinois
- **term start3**: March 1, 1833
- **term end3**: December 5, 1834
- **governor3**: John Reynolds (Illinois politician), John Reynolds
- **predecessor3**: Zadok Casey
- **successor3**: Alexander M. Jenkins
- **office4**: Member of the Illinois Senate
- **term4**: 1832–1834
- **office5**: Member of the Illinois House of Representatives
- **birth place**: Paris, Kentucky, U.S.
- **death place**: Springfield, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **profession**: Lawyer
- **signature**: Signature of William Lee Davidson Ewing (1795–1846).png
- **branch**: Illinois Militia
- **rank**: Major General
- **battles**: Black Hawk War
John Reynolds (Illinois politician)

**John M. Reynolds** (February 26, 1788May 8, 1865) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a justice of the Illinois Supreme Court from 1818 to 1825. Reynolds won several elections to the Illinois House of Representatives. He was also a member of the United States House of Representatives and was the fourth Governor of Illinois from 1830 to 1834.

Reynolds published _Pioneer History of Illinois_ and a large autobiography titled _My Own Times_.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Reynolds
- **image**: Portrait of John Reynolds (1788-1865), Fourth Governor of Illinois (cropped).png
- **signature**: John Reynolds Signature.svg
- **order**: 4th
- **office**: Governor of Illinois
- **term start**: December 6, 1830
- **term end**: November 17, 1834
- **predecessor**: Ninian Edwards
- **successor**: William Lee D. Ewing
- **order2**: Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's Illinois's 1st congressional district, 1st district
- **term start2**: December 1, 1834
- **term end2**: March 3, 1837
- **preceded2**: Charles Slade
- **succeeded2**: Adam W. Snyder
- **term start3**: March 4, 1839
- **term end3**: March 3, 1843
- **preceded3**: Adam W. Snyder
- **succeeded3**: Robert Smith (Illinois politician), Robert Smith
- **office4**: Member of the Illinois House of Representatives
- **term4**: 1826-1830
1846-1848
1852-1854
- **office5**: Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court
- **term start5**: 1818
- **term end5**: 1825
- **predecessor5**: _Office established_
- **successor5**: Samuel D. Lockwood
- **birth place**: Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Belleville, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Married twice
- **profession**: Politician, lawyer
Supreme Court of Illinois

The **Supreme Court of Illinois** is the state supreme court, the highest court, in Illinois.

## Powers

The court's powers are given in Article VI of the current Illinois Constitution, which gives seven justices to the court who are elected from the five appellate judicial districts of the state: three justices from the First District (Cook County) and one from each of the other four districts. Each justice is elected for a term of ten years and can run for re-election.

The chief justice is elected by the court from its members for a three-year term.

## Current justices

|District|Justice|Born|Joined|Chief Justice|Term ends|Party affiliation|Law school|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1st|, _Chief Justice_|||2022–present|2032||Democratic|USF||
|1st||||align="center"||2030||Democratic|WashU|
|5th||||align="center"||2030||Republican|Tennessee|
|4th||||align="center"||2034||Republican|Illinois|
|1st||||align="center"||2034||Democratic|UIC|
|2nd||||align="center"||2032||Democratic|Loyola|
|3rd||||align="center"||2032||Democratic|Illinois|

## Infobox (high court)

- **court name**: Illinois Supreme Court
- **image**: Seal of the Supreme Court of Illinois.svg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **caption**: Seal of the Supreme Court of Illinois
- **motto**:
Hear the other side
- **location**: Springfield, Illinois
- **type**: Partisan election
- **authority**: Illinois Constitution
- **appealsto**: Supreme Court of the United States
- **terms**: 10 years
- **positions**: 7
- **website**: [http://www.illinoiscourts.gov/SUPREMECOURT/DEFAULT.ASP Official website]
- **chiefjudgetitle**: Chief Justice
- **chiefjudgename**: Mary Jane Theis
Mary Jane Theis

**Mary Jane Theis** (born February 27, 1949) is an American judge. In 2022, she became chief justice of the Illinois Supreme Court after the retirement of then-chief justice Anne M. Burke.

She was born Mary Jane Wendt in Chicago. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mary Jane Theis
- **image**: Justice Mary Jane Theis.jpg
- **caption**: 2010 portrait
- **office**: Chief Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court
- **term start**: October 26, 2022
- **predecessor**: Anne M. Burke
- **office1**: Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court
- **term start1**: October 26, 2010
- **predecessor1**: Thomas R. Fitzgerald (judge), Thomas Fitzgerald
- **birth name**: Mary Jane Wendt
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: John Theis
- **relatives**: Ken Wendt (father)
- **education**: Loyola University Chicago (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of San Francisco (Juris Doctor, JD)
Constitution of Illinois

The **Constitution of the State of Illinois** is the constitution of the state of Illinois. There have been four Illinois Constitutions, with the fourth version becoming official in 1970. Before, the constitution was changed in 1848 and 1870.

## Preamble

The 1970 Constitution has a preamble and 14 articles. The current preamble says:
TDI (engine)

**Turbocharged Direct Injection**, or **TDI**, is a name Volkswagen and its partner companies use for a certain type of diesel engine. These engines use a highly-pressurized fuel rail (over 2,000 bar/29,000 PSI) and intercooler to enhance the power gained from turbocharging an engine. These engines could be found in inline three, four, and five configurations, as well as V6, V8, and V10 configurations.

TDI engines have become controversial recently. This is because some TDI engines used a system to under-report their emissions of harmful gases during testing (at the cost of some performance and fuel economy), but were not sold in the emissions-defeating mode, which was a more powerful and efficient fine-tuning of the engine at the cost of more harmful emissions. This meant that the engine could put out up to forty times more nitrogen oxides than was legally allowed.
Jacinto Barquín

**Jacinto Barquín Rivero** (3 September 1915 – date of death unknown) was a Cuban footballer who played as a defender.

## International career

Barquín made his debut for Cuba at the 1935 Central American and Caribbean Games, where he would score 2 goals. In 1938, Barquín was called up to Cuba's squad for the 1938 FIFA World Cup in France. He played in all three matches at the tournament.

He would also play for Cuba at the 1947 and 1949 NAFC Championships, the second tournament being a qualifier for the 1950 FIFA World Cup.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Jacinto Barquín
- **fullname**: Jacinto Barquín Rivero
- **birth place**: Cuba
- **position**: Defender (association football), Defender
- **years1**: 1935
- **clubs1**: Fortuna SC Havanna
- **years2**: 1937–1938
- **clubs2**: Juventud Asturiana
- **years3**: 1947–1948
- **clubs3**: Deportivo Puentes Grandes, Puentes Grandes
- **years4**: 1949
- **clubs4**: Juventud Asturiana
- **nationalyears1**: 1935–1949
- **nationalteam1**: Cuba national football team, Cuba
- **nationalcaps1**: 14
- **nationalgoals1**: 3
Arturo Galceran

**Arturo Galcerán Nogués** (date of birth and death unknown) was a Cuban football midfielder. He played for Cuba at the 1938 FIFA World Cup.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Arturo Galcerán
- **fullname**: Arturo Galcerán Nogués
- **birth place**: Havana, Cuba
- **position**: Midfielder
- **clubs1**: Juventud Asturiana
- **nationalteam1**: Cuba national football team, Cuba
Telmatobius ceiorum

The **Catamarca water frog** (_Telmatobius ceiorum_) is a frog.  It lives in Argentina.

## Home

This frog spends most of its time in the water. It lives in streams in cloud forests high in the mountains. Scientists saw it on the east side of Cumbres Calchaquíes and Nevados del Aconquija. Scientists saw this frog between 1500 and 2200 meters above sea level.

Scientists found some of these frogs in a protected place, Parque Nacional Los Alisos.

## Young

The tadpoles swim in streams.

## Danger

Scientists from the IUCN say this frog is in very big danger of dying out. Fish from other parts of the world, for example trout, can kill this species. Human beings change the palces where the frog lives by cutting down trees to get wood to build with and changing the streams and water. Bad chemicals from mines and humans' animals can also hurt the frog. Scientists think the fungus _Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis_ and the disease chytridiomycosis could also kill this frog.
Quah Jing Wen

**Quah Jing Wen** (; born 20 December 2000) is a Singaporean swimmer.

## Career

In 2017, Quah won five gold medals and a silver medal at the Commonwealth Youth Games in Nassau. She also won five more gold medals in the 2017 SEA Games.

## Personal life

Wen has an older sister and an older brother. They are also swimmers.

In 2021, Wen graduated from university with a bachelor's degree in .

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **name**: Quah Jing Wen
- **fullname**: Quah Jing Wen
- **collegeteam**: Texas A&M Aggies, Texas A&M
- **birth place**: Singapore
- **weight**: 48 kg
- **show-medals**: yes
Great Firewall

The People's Republic of China (does some things, or) uses different measures to control access to the internet. Some of these measures are specific laws, other measures are technical. One of he technical measures is called the **Great Firewall** (**GFW**; ). China uses it to regulate the Internet domestically. Its role in internet censorship in China is to block access to selected foreign websites and to slow down cross-border internet traffic. The Great Firewall works by checking transmission control protocol (TCP) packets for keywords or sensitive words. If such  words appear in the TCP packets, access will be closed. If one link is closed, more links from the same machine will be blocked by the Great Firewall. The effect includes: limiting access to foreign information sources, blocking popular foreign websites (e.g. Google Search, Facebook, Twitter, Wikipedia, and others) and mobile apps, and requiring foreign companies to adapt to domestic regulations.

Besides censorship, the Great Firewall has also influenced the development of China's internal internet economy by giving preference to domestic companies. The Great Firewall can also change the result of searches for problematic content. An example of this was when Ai Weiwei was arested. Sometimes the authorities ask big companies to remove content. One example of this was that they asked that Apple remove the publication Quartz from its Chinese app store. Quarts had reported on the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests.

The term _Great Firewall of China_ is a combination of the word firewall with the Great Wall of China. The phrase "Great Firewall of China" was first used in print by Australian sinologist Geremie Barmé in 1997.
Rockstar New England

**Rockstar New England, Inc.**, formerly known as **Mad Doc Software**, is an American video games developer and studio of Rockstar Games. The company was founded in November 1999 by Ian Lane Davis. In 2008, Rockstar bought Mad Doc and renamed it to **Rockstar New England**.

They developed _Bully: Scholarship Edition_ in 2008, as well as assisting with the development of some games in the _Grand Theft Auto_ series.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Rockstar New England, Inc.
- **logo**: Rockstar New England Logo.svg
- **former name**: Mad Doc Software, LLC (1999–2008)
- **type**: Subsidiary
- **industry**: Video games
- **founder**: Ian Lane Davis
- **hq location city**: Andover, Massachusetts
- **hq location country**: US
- **key people**: Ian Lane Davis (Studio manager, Studio director)
Ken Davis (Studio director)
- **num employees**: Approx 100
- **num employees year**: 2007
- **products**: _Bully (video game), Bully: Scholarship Edition_
_Grand Theft Auto_ series
- **parent**: Rockstar Games (2008–present)