Benin

**Benin** (officially called the **Republic of Benin**) is a country in Africa. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo.  The government is based in Cotonou, the country's largest city.  Most people live on the small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin.

Because Benin was colonized by France and is still close to it, the official language of Benin is French.  Languages such as Fon and Yoruba are commonly spoken. The largest religious group in Benin is Roman Catholicism.  This is followed closely by Islam, Vodun, and Protestantism.

Benin is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, La Francophonie, the Community of Sahel-Saharan States, the African Petroleum Producers Association and the Niger Basin Authority.

The current Republic of Benin was formed in 1991.

## History

From the 17th to the 19th century, Benin was ruled by the Kingdom of Dahomey. It was called the Slave Coast by white people from as early as the 17th century, because of the large number of slaves shipped from Porto-Novo, Cotonou, and other ports to European colonies in the Americas.

After slavery was made illegal, France fought a war against Dahomey and took over the kingdom. They renamed it French Dahomey. In 1960, Dahomey gained official independence from France. From 1972 to 1990 a Marxist–Leninist state called the People's Republic of Benin existed.

## Geography

Benin is a narrow country in west Africa.  The country measures about  at its widest point. It is between the Equator and the Tropic of Cancer. Benin is bordered by Togo to the west, Burkina Faso and Niger to the north, Nigeria to the east, and the Bight of Benin to the south.

The highest point is Mont Sokbaro at .

Reserve du W du Niger and Pendjari National Park attract tourists who want to see elephants, lions, antelopes, hippos, and monkeys. Historically Benin has been a home for the endangered Painted Hunting Dog, _Lycaon pictus_;

Benin's climate is hot and humid. Yearly rainfall in the coastal area averages 1300 mm or about 51 inches. Benin has two rainy and two dry seasons per year. The main rainy season is from April to late July, with a shorter less strong rainy period from late September to November. The main dry season is from December to April, with a short cooler dry season from late July to early September. In Cotonou, the average maximum temperature is ; the minimum is .

## Departments

Benin is divided into 12 Departments.  Then it is divided into 77 communes.

1. Alibori
1. Atakora
1. Atlantique
1. Borgou
1. Collines
1. Donga
1. Kouffo
1. Littoral
1. Mono
1. Ouémé
1. Plateau
1. Zou

### Arts

Beninese literature had a strong oral tradition long before French became the main language. Felix Couchoro wrote the first Beninese novel, _L'Esclave_ in 1929.

Singer Angélique Kidjo and actor Djimon Hounsou were both born in Cotonou, Benin. Composer Wally Badarou and singer Gnonnas Pedro are also from Benin.

### Religion

In the 2010 census, 27.2% of the population of Benin were Christian, 24.4% were Muslim, 17.3% practiced Vodun, 6% other traditional local religious groups, 1.9% other religious groups, and 6.5% have no religious affiliation.

### Education

The literacy rate in Benin is one of the lowest in the world. In 2002 it was said to be 34.7%. At one time the education system was not free.

### Traditional Chiefdoms

In April 2025, the Government of Benin adopted a law recognizing 16 kingdoms, 80 chiefs, and 10 traditional chiefs through a new law, adopted in March 2025. The pre-colonial period, set at 1894 for the south and 1897 for the north of Benin, served as a historical reference for the bill institutionalizing chiefdoms in Benin and to regulate the rules governing traditional territories.

## Politics

A parliamentary election is supposed to happen in January 2026. In April, the presidential election is supposed to happen.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Republic of Benin
- **native name**:

- **common name**: Benin
- **image flag**: Flag of Benin.svg
- **image coat**: Coat of arms of Benin.svg
- **image map**: Benin (orthographic projection with inset).svg
- **official languages**: French Language, French
- **languages type**: National languages
- **ethnic groups year**: 2013 Census
- **religion year**: 2015
- **capital**: Porto-Novo<sup>a</sup>
- **largest city**: Cotonou
- **leader title1**: List of heads of state of Benin, President
- **leader name1**: Patrice Talon
- **leader title2**: List of Presidents of the National Assembly of Benin, President of the National Assembly
- **leader name2**: Louis Vlavonou
- **legislature**: National Assembly (Benin), National Assembly
- **sovereignty type**: Independence
- **established event1**: Republic of Dahomey established
- **established date1**: 11 December 1958
- **established event2**: from France
- **established date2**: 1 August 1960
- **area rank**: 100th
- **area km2**: 114763
- **percent water**: 0.4%
- **population estimate**: 11,733,059
- **population estimate rank**: 78th
- **population estimate year**: 2019
- **population census**: 10,008,749
- **population census year**: 2013
- **population density km2**: 94.8
- **population density rank**: 120th
- **gdp ppp**: $29.918 billion
- **gdp ppp rank**: 137th
- **gdp ppp year**: 2019
- **gdp ppp per capita**: $2,552
- **gdp ppp per capita rank**: 163rd
- **gdp nominal**: $11.386 billion
- **gdp nominal rank**: 141st
- **gdp nominal year**: 2019
- **gdp nominal per capita**: $971
- **gdp nominal per capita rank**: 163rd
- **gini year**: 2015
- **gini change**: increase
- **gini**: 47.8
- **hdi year**: 2019
- **hdi change**: increase
- **hdi**: 0.545
- **hdi rank**: 158th
- **currency**: West African CFA franc
- **currency code**: XOF
- **time zone**: West Africa Time, WAT
- **utc offset**: +1
- **drives on**: right
- **calling code**: +229
- **cctld**: .bj
- **footnote a**: Cotonou is the seat of government.