Vaucluse

The **Vaucluse** () is a department in the southeast of France in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its prefecture is Avignon.

It is named after a famous spring, in the _commune_ Fontaine-de-Vaucluse. The name Vaucluse comes from the Latin _Vallis Clausa_ ("closed valley") as the valley here ends in a cliff from which rises a spring.

## History

Vaucluse was not one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. It was created on 12 August 1793 with  four districts: Apt, Orange, Ouvèze (Carpentras), Vaucluse (Avignon); its capital was Avignon.

In 1800, with the creation of the _arrondissements_ in France, the districts were changed into _arrondissements_: Avignon, Apt, Carpentras and Orange.

After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Austrian army from June 1815 to November 1818.

On 10 September 1926, the _arrondissement_ of Orange was eliminated and the subprefecture of Apt was moved to Cavaillon but went back to Apt in 1933.

## Geography

Vaucluse is part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeast France, with an area of . The department has an exclave to the north, the canton of Valréas, surrounded completely by Drôme department.

The department borders with 3 regions and 6 other departments:
- Occitanie region
    - Gard (west)
- Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
    - Drôme (north)
    - Ardèche (northwest)
- Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region
    - Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (east)
    - Var (southeast) ( a short distance)
    - Bouches-du-Rhône (south)

The are several chains of mountains in the Vaucluse department, mainly in the eastern half; from northeast to southeast, they are:
1. **Dentelles de Montmirail**, a small chain of small mountains; the highest point is _Crête de Saint-Amand_,  high.
1. **Vaucluse Mountains** (). The highest peak in the Vaucluse department is _Signal de Saint-Pierre_,  high.
1. **Luberon Massif**, in the souhteast of the department; the highest point is _Mourre Nègre_,  high. The chain is in the Regional Natural Park of Luberon ().

The highest mountain in the department is _Mont Ventoux_ () that is  high. It stands alone to the north of the Luberon range, separated by the Vaucluse Mountains, and just to the eastern base of the Dentelles de Montmirail.

There are several valleys and plain in the department. The main important plain is the plain of Comtat where is most of the population of the department. It is to the south and the west of the Mont Ventoux and has the Rhône river to the west, the Durance river to the south and the Vaucluse Mountains to the east.

The main rivers are the Rhône and the Durance, tributary of the Rhône. Other rivers are tributaries of those two rivers.

### Climate

The climate in Avignon, at an altitude of , is of the subtype **Csa** (Mediterranean climate) in the Köppen climate classification.

The average temperature for the year in Avignon is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Avignon is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of .

## Administration

Vaucluse is part of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. The department is managed by the _Departamental Council of the Vaucluse_ in Avignon.

### Administrative divisions

There are 3 _arrondissements_ (districts), 17 _cantons_ and 151 _communes_ (municipalities) in Vaucluse.
|INSEE code !! Arrondissement !! Capital !! Population <small>(2014)</small> !! Area <small>(km²)</small> !! Density (Inh./km²) !! _Communes_|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|841|Apt|Apt|128,448|1,377.2||56|
|842|Avignon|Avignon|296,303|923.7||37|
|843|Carpentras|Carpentras|129,623|1,266.4||58|

The following is a list of the 17 cantons of the Vaucluse department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015:

1. Apt <small>(8401)</small>
1. Avignon-1 <small>(8402)</small>
1. Avignon-2 <small>(8403)</small>
1. Avignon-3 <small>(8404)</small>
1. Bollène <small>(8405)</small>
1. Carpentras <small>(8406)</small>
1. Cavaillon <small>(8407)</small>
1. Cheval-Blanc <small>(8408)</small>
1. L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue <small>(8409)</small>
1. Monteux <small>(8410)</small>
1. Orange <small>(8411)</small>
1. Pernes-les-Fontaines <small>(8412)</small>
1. Pertuis <small>(8413)</small>
1. Le Pontet <small>(8414)</small>
1. Sorgues <small>(8415)</small>
1. Vaison-la-Romaine <small>(8416)</small>
1. Valréas <small>(8417)</small>

## Demographics

The inhabitants of Vaucluse are known, in French, as _Vauclusiens_ (women: _Vauclusiennes_).

Vaucluse has a population, in 2014, of 554,374, for a population density of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>. The _arrondissement_ of Avignon, with 296,303 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two, Carpentras and Apt, have respectively 129,623 and 128,448 inhabitants.

The city with more people living in it is the capital, Avignon (92,209). The subprefectures of Carpentras and Apt have, respectively, 28,447 and 11,885 inhabitants.

**Evolution of the population in Vaucluse**

The 12 most important cities in the department are:
|City|Population <small>(2014)</small>|Arrondissement|
| --- | --- | --- |
|Avignon|92,209|Avignon|
|Orange|29,482|Avignon|
|Carpentras|28,447|Carpentras|
|Cavaillon|26,201|Apt|
|Pertuis|19,523|Apt|
|L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue|19,240|Avignon|
|Sorgues|18,328|Avignon|
|Le Pontet|17,476|Avignon|
|Bollène|13,574|Avignon|
|Monteux|12,537|Carpentras|
|Apt|11,885|Apt|
|Vedène|11,045|Avignon|

## Economy

Vaucluse has been always a rural department where farming is the main economic activity. The most important produces in the department are fruits (melons, cherries, strawberrys, apples, grapes and others) and vegetables (tomatoes).

Another important product of the region is wine, mainly those wines known as _Côtes-du-Rhône_.

## Related pages

- Arrondissements of the Vaucluse department
- Communes of the Vaucluse department

## Other websites

- Departamental Council website
- Prefecture website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Vaucluse
- **type**: Departments of France, Department
- **image skyline**: Avignon - Préfecture.jpg
- **image alt**: Prefecture building of the Vaucluse department, in Avignon
- **image caption**: Prefectures in France, Prefecture building of the Vaucluse department, in Avignon
- **image flag**: Drapeau fr département Vaucluse.svg
- **flag size**: 125px
- **flag alt**: Flag of Vaucluse
- **image shield**: Blason département fr Vaucluse.svg
- **shield size**: 80px
- **shield alt**: Coat of arms
- **image map**: Vaucluse-Position.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Vaucluse in France
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: France
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of France, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
- **established title**: Département
- **established date**: 4 March 1790
- **seat type**: Prefectures in France, Prefecture
- **seat**: Avignon
- **parts type**: Prefectures in France, Subprefectures
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Apt, Vaucluse, Apt
- **p2**: Carpentras
- **leader title**: President of the Departmental Council, President
- **leader name**: Maurice Chabert
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 3567.3
- **population total**: 554374
- **population as of**: 2014
- **population rank**: List of French departments by population, 48th
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population demonym**: Vauclusiens
- **blank name sec2**: Arrondissements of France, Arrondissements
- **blank info sec2**: 3
- **blank1 name sec2**: Cantons in France, Cantons
- **blank1 info sec2**: 17
- **blank2 name sec2**: Communes in France, Communes
- **blank2 info sec2**: 151
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **iso code**: FR-84
- **website**: [http://www.vaucluse.fr/ http://www.vaucluse.fr/]