juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Abraham de Moivre

**Abraham de Moivre** was a French mathematician. He is known for his works on probability theory. He also did a lot of research in trigonometry.De Moivre's formula connects complex numbers and trigonometry. As he was a Huguenot, he was forced to emigrate to England. He was a friend of Isaac Newton, Edmund Halley, and James Stirling. Among his fellow Huguenot exiles in England, he was a colleague of the editor and translator Pierre des Maizeaux.

De Moivre wrote a book on probability theory, _The Doctrine of Chances_, said to have been prized by gamblers. De Moivre first discovered Binet's formula, the closed-form expression for Fibonacci numbers linking the _n_th power of the golden ratio _φ_ to the _n_th Fibonacci number.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Abraham de Moivre
- **image**: Abraham_de_moivre.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Abraham de Moivre
- **birth date**: 26 May 1667
- **birth place**: Vitry-le-François, Champagne (province), Champagne, France
- **death place**: London, England
- **nationality**: France, French
- **field**: mathematician
- **alma mater**: Academy of Saumur
Collège de Harcourt
- **academic advisors**: Jacques Ozanam
- **known for**: De Moivre's formula
Theorem of de Moivre–Laplace
- **influences**: Isaac Newton
Payback (2014)

**Payback (2014)** is a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming show made by WWE. It took place on May 4, 2014 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois. It was the second Payback event held by WWE and the first to also stream live on the WWE Network.

## Matches

|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**No.**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Results**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Stipulations**|style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|**Times**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|El Torito (with Diego and Fernando) defeated Hornswoggle (with Heath Slater, Jinder Mahal, and Drew McIntyre)|Mask vs. Hair match|7:10||||||
|Sheamus (c) defeated Cesaro (with Paul Heyman)|Singles match for the WWE United States Championship|11:38||||||
|RybAxel (Ryback and Curtis Axel) defeated Cody Rhodes and Goldust)|Tag team match|7:49||||||
|Rusev (with Lana) defeated Big E by submission|Singles match|3:40||||||
|Bo Dallas vs. Kofi Kingston ended in a no contest|Singles match|0:32||||||
|Bad News Barrett (c) defeated Rob Van Dam|Singles match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship|9:32||||||
|John Cena (with Jimmy and Jey Uso) defeated Bray Wyatt (with Luke Harper and Erick Rowan)|Last Man Standing match|24:14||||||
|Paige (c) defeated Alicia Fox by submission|Singles match for the WWE Divas Championship|6:37||||||
|The Shield (Dean Ambrose, Seth Rollins and Roman Reigns) defeated Evolution (Triple H, Randy Orton and Batista)|No Holds Barred Elimination match|30:56||||||
|colspan="4" align=center|(c) – is the champion(s) going into the match **P** – This match took place on the pre-show|||||||

### No Holds Barred six-man elimination tag team match

|Elimination|Wrestler|Team|Eliminated by|Elimination move|Times||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|Batista|rowspan="3"|Evolution|Seth Rollins|Pinned after a Spear from Reigns|27:32|
|2|Randy Orton|Dean Ambrose|Pinned after a Dirty Deeds on a chair|28:37|||
|3|Triple H|Roman Reigns|high knee from Rollins and a Spear|rowspan="2"|30:56||
|colspan="2" style="background:#f2f2f2;"|The Shield||||||

## Infobox (wrestling event)

- **name**: Payback (2014)
- **tagline**: Payback… it's what's Best for Business!
- **promotion**: WWE
- **date**: June 1, 2014
- **venue**: Allstate Arena
- **city**: Rosemont, Illinois, Rosemont, Illinois
- **lastevent**: Extreme Rules (2014)
- **nextevent**: Money in the Bank (2014)
- **event**: WWE Payback, Payback
- **lastevent2**: Payback (2013)
- **nextevent2**: Payback (2015)
Nancy Malone

**Nancy Malone** (born **Nancy Josefa Maloney**; March 19, 1935 – May 8, 2014) was an American television actor, director and producer. From the 1950s to 1970s, she was an actress and from the 1980s to the 1990s, she was a director and producer. She was best known for her roles on television series such as _Naked City_, _Guiding Light_, _The Long, Hot Summer_, _The Outer Limits_, _The Twilight Zone_, and _The Andy Griffith Show_.

Malone went on to become a well-known television director, winning an Emmy Award for her work on _Dynasty_. She also worked on shows such as _Star Trek: Voyager_, _Melrose Place_, _Beverly Hills, 90210_, and _Knots Landing_. She retired in 2003.

Malone was born Nancy Josefa Maloney in Queens Village, Queens, New York City.

She died from pneumonia and problems from leukemia in Durante, California, U.S on May 8, 2014, at the age of 79.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nancy Malone
- **image**: Nancy Malone.JPG
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Malone press photo ( 1970s).
- **birth name**: Nancy Josefa Maloney
- **birth place**: New York City, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Durante, California, Durante, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, director and producer
- **years active**: 1950–2003
Marco Reus

**Marco Reus** (born 31 May 1989) is a German association football player who plays for
Borussia Dortmund and the Germany national football team. Reus is known for his speed and his ability to adapt easily to a new position. He was included in Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad, however he was injured in a game before the World Cup, so he could not play.

### Club

|rowspan="2"|Club|rowspan="2"|Season|colspan="2"|League|colspan="2"|Cup|colspan="2"|Europe|colspan="2"|Other|colspan="2"|Total|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan="3"|Rot Weiss Ahlen|2007–08|17|1|0|0|-|17|1|||||
|2008–09|27|4|1|0|-|28|4|||||||
|rowspan="4"|Borussia Mönchengladbach|2009–10|33|8|2|0|-|35|8|||||
|2010–11|34|11|3|1|-|37|12|||||||
|2011–12|32|18|5|3|-|37|21|||||||
|rowspan="4"|Borussia Dortmund|2012–13|32|14|3|1|12|4|0|0|47|19||
|2013–14|30|16|3|0|9|5|1|2|43|23||||
|2014–15|20|7|5|1|4|3|0|0|29|11||||

## International

He became the first Germany player to score a for his country at Russia 2018 after the footballing nation's poor start to the tournament.

### International

|colspan=3|Germany national team||
| --- | --- | --- |
|2011|3|0|
|2012|10|5|
|2013|6|2|
|2014|4|0|
|2015|2|2|

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Marco Reus
- **image**: 2019-06-11 Marco Reus (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Reus with Germany national football team, Germany in 2019
- **fullname**: Marco Reus
- **birth place**: Dortmund, West Germany
- **height**: 1.80 m
- **position**: Forward (association football), Forward
- **currentclub**: Borussia Dortmund
- **clubnumber**: 11
- **youthyears1**: 1994–1996
- **youthclubs1**: Post SV Dortmund
- **youthyears2**: 1996–2006
- **youthclubs2**: Borussia Dortmund
- **years1**: 2006–2007
- **clubs1**: Rot Weiss Ahlen II
- **caps1**: 6
- **goals1**: 3
- **years2**: 2007–2009
- **clubs2**: Rot Weiss Ahlen
- **caps2**: 43
- **goals2**: 5
- **years3**: 2009–2012
- **clubs3**: Borussia Mönchengladbach
- **caps3**: 97
- **goals3**: 36
- **years4**: 2012–
- **clubs4**: Borussia Dortmund
- **caps4**: 236
- **goals4**: 108
- **nationalyears1**: 2009
- **nationalteam1**: Germany national under-21 football team, Germany U21
- **nationalcaps1**: 2
- **nationalgoals1**: 0
- **nationalyears2**: 2011–
- **nationalteam2**: Germany national football team, Germany
- **nationalcaps2**: 48
- **nationalgoals2**: 15
- **club-update**: 20:40, 20 February 2022 (UTC)
- **nationalteam-update**: 21:40, 11 November 2021 (UTC)
Viverravidae

The **Viverravidae** are an extinct  family of early mammalian carnivores. They are in the superfamily Miacoidea, and lived from the early Palaeocene to the Eocene. They first appeared in the Paleocene of North America about 60 million years ago.

Viverravidae is a monophyletic family. In viverravids, the number of molars is reduced to two and the skull is long.

They are probably not related to any living carnivorans. The viverravids were previously thought to be the earliest carnivorans. A recent study of their skull morphology puts them outside the order Carnivora.
Assisted living

An **assisted living** residence is a popular housing alternative for people with disabilities or for adults (especially the elderly) who cannot live independently. These homes give help or supervision with daily living activities. They also allow services by outside health care providers. They check residents and resident activities to make sure health, safety and well being are maintained. Assistance may include the giving or supervision of medicine or personal care services. "The philosophy of assisted living is to treat all residents with dignity; to give privacy and to encourage independence." The gradual shift to assisted living began between 1979 and 1985 in the United States. A variation on assisted living for children and younger adults is the Group home.

## Other websites

- Assisted Living Directory
- Assisted Living Online Finder
Arc of the United States

**The Arc of the United States** is a network of non-profit organizations. It serves people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. It was created in the 1950s by parents of people with disabilities. Since then, the organization has extended to over 40 states.

The ARC was called the **National Association of Retarded Children** (1953-1973), **National Association of Retarded Citizens** (1973-1981) and later the **Association of Retarded Citizens of the United States** (1981-1992).  Since 1992, it has been called just **The Arc**.
Melody Gardot

**Melody Gardot** (born 2 February 1985) is a Grammy-nominated American musician. She has been influenced by other blues and jazz musicians, such as Judy Garland, Janis Joplin and Duke Ellington. She sings jazz music.

Gardot was born in New Jersey. She follows the teachings of Buddhism.

## Other websites

- Official site
Kingston upon Thames

**Kingston upon Thames**, also called Kingston, is a suburban town in Greater London, and is the centre of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. Its postcodes are KT1 and KT2. About 45,000 people live in Kingston.

### Road

The A307, A308 and A2043 roads pass through Kingston. The A3 and A309 bypass Kingston.

### Rail

Kingston has one main station, Kingston station. However, there are other stations nearby such as Hampton Wick station and Norbiton station.

### Bus

Kingston has two bus stations: Fairfield Bus Station and Cromwell Road Bus Station. The London Bus routes 57, 65, 71, 85, 111, 131, 213, 216, 281, 285, 371, 406, 411, 418, 465, 481, K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, X26, N65 and N87 go through or end in Kingston.

## London 2012 Olympics

Four cycling events were hosted in Kingston: the men's road race, the women's road race, the men's road time trial and the women's road time trial.

## Twinned towns

Kingston is twinned with Delft in the Netherlands, Jaffna in Sri Lanka and Oldenburg in Germany.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **dial code**: 020
- **charingx distance mi**: 10.0
- **constituency westminster1**: Richmond Park (UK Parliament constituency), Richmond Park
- **constituency westminster**: Kingston and Surbiton (UK Parliament constituency), Kingston and Surbiton
- **postcode district**: KT1, KT2
- **region**: London
- **postcode area**: KT
- **post town**: KINGSTON UPON THAMES
- **london borough**: Kingston
- **population**: 43,013
- **os grid reference**: TQ182693
- **official name**: Kingston upon Thames
- **charingx direction**: NE
Seven Summits

The **Seven Summits** are the highest mountains on each of the seven continents. The list is usually Mount Everest (Asia), Aconcagua (South America), Puncak Jaya (Oceania), Mount Elbrus (Europe), Mount Vinson (Antarctica), Kilimanjaro (Africa), and Denali (North America).

Sometimes the list is different, but most of the mountains stay the same. It depends on the definition for each continent. For example, some lists use the continent of Australia, not Oceania. The highest mountain in Australia is Mount Kosciuszko not Puncak Jaya (which is in the country of Indonesia). Other lists change the border of Europe, so the highest mountain is Mont Blanc (in France) not Mount Elbrus (in Russia).
Serifos

**Serifos** is an island in Greek mythology. It was used to shelter Perseus and his mother.

It is roughly 92 nautical miles (170 kilometers) southeast of the port of Piraeus in Athens. The island was famous in antiquity for its frogs' supposed muteness.
Amplituhedron

An **amplituhedron** is a geometric shape that makes it easier to calculate particle interactions in quantum field theories.

Currently, the limits of the _N_ = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, which is used to calculate the amplituhedron, cause it to be a toy theory. Therefore, the application of the amplituhedron is limited in the real world.
NHL 15

***NHL 15*** is an ice hockey video game. It was developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports. The game was released on September 9, 2014 in North America and on September 12, 2014 in the PAL region. It was released for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One.

Like previous games, fans were allowed to vote for who would be on the cover of _NHL 15_. The voting started on May 5, 2014 and will end on June 1, 2014. The final two players left in the contest are P. K. Subban of the Montreal Canadiens and Patrice Bergeron of the Boston Bruins.

## New features

New features for the game include:
    - 12 player NHL collision physics - This helps in having a greater effect on hits and activity outside of the user-controlled player.
    - Real puck physics - "Completely rebuilt puck physics result in a more realistic feel to every puck interaction. Everything on the ice, including the ice surface itself, is live which leads to the unpredictable and authentic puck spins, rolls and bounces seen in a real NHL game."
    - Better player likeness - The real actions of NHL players are better reflected in the game.
    - New commentary team - Mike Emrick and Ed Olczyk replace Gary Thorne and Bill Clement as commentators.

## Reception

The game received mixed reviews.

IGN rated the game a 7 out of 10 and GameSpot gave the game a 5 out of 10.

Among the fans of the series, the game was met with disdain. This was mainly because of many features that were missing for Xbox One and PlayStation 4 consoles. The IGN community rated the PS3 and Xbox 360 releases, 4/10 and 2.6/10 respectively. Operation Sports created a list of features and modes that were missing but were available in _NHL 14_.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: EA Canada
- **publisher**: EA Sports
- **genre**: Sports game, Sports (Ice hockey)
- **modes**: Single player
Multiplayer video game, multiplayer
Multiplayer online game, Online multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation 3
PlayStation 4
Xbox 360
Xbox One
Ciro de Quadros

**Ciro Carlos Araujo de Quadros** (30 January 1940 – 28 May 2014) was a Brazilian physician. He was a leader in the field of public health mainly in the area of vaccines and preventable diseases such as polio and smallpox. He was born in Rio Pardo, Rio Grande do Sul.

Ciro de Quadros died from pancreatic cancer in 28 May 2014 in Washington, D.C., United States. He was 74.

## Other websites

- Ciro de Quadros  at Vaccines Today
Joan Lorring

**Madeline Ellis** (April 17, 1926 – May 30, 2014), better known by her stage name **Joan Lorring**, was an American actress.  Her career lasted from 1944 until 1981.  Her best known role was as Bessie Watty in the movie _The Corn Is Green_ (1945), starring alongside Bette Davis. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the role.

Lorring was born Mary Magdalene Ellis in Hong Kong. She was raised there by her mother until 1939 following the Japanese invasion. They later settled in San Francisco, California. She used the name "Dellie" when she worked on radio.

Lorring was married to Martin Sonenberg, an endocrinologist from New York from 1956 until his death in June 2011. The couple had two daughters, Andrea and Santha.

Lorring died from natural causes on May 30, 2014 in Sleepy Hollow, New York, aged 88.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Joan Lorring
- **image**: Joan Lorring 1946.JPG
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Joan Lorring in January 1946.
- **birth name**: Mary Magdalene Ellis
- **birth place**: Hong Kong
- **death place**: Sleepy Hollow, New York, Sleepy Hollow, New York (state), New York, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **nationality**: Americans, American
- **othername**: Dellie Ellis
- **years active**: 1944–1981
- **children**: 2
SSX (2000 video game)

***SSX*** (short for **Snowboard Supercross**) is a snowboarding video game published by Electronic Arts Victor in Japan, EA Sports Big in North America and Electronic Arts in Europe. The game was developed by EA Canada. It is the first game in the _SSX series_.

It was released on October 26, 2000 in Japan, on October 30, 2000 in North America, and on November 24, 2000 in Europe. Steve Rechtschaffner, the executive producer and creative leader of the game was the inventor of the Olympic snowboard event called Boardercross, which helped serve as an inspiration for the game.

## Reception

IGN rated the game a 9.3 out of 10, saying "We'll say it for the last time -- this is the best launch game. If you get a PS2, buy this game." GameSpot gave the game a 9.4 out of 10 and stated "terrific snowboarding game that has all the right stuff. Every element comes together and makes for a game that is extremely fun and rewarding to play.

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: EA Canada
- **publisher**: Electronic Arts Victor (Japan)
EA Sports Big (North America)
Electronic Arts (Europe)
- **genre**: Racing game, Racing
Snowboarding
- **modes**: Single player
multiplayer
- **platforms**: PlayStation 2
Cornell Borchers

**Gerlind Cornell Borchers** (16 March 1925 – 12 May 2014) was a German-Lithuanian actress. She was active in the late 1940s and 1950s. She was known for starring along with Errol Flynn and Nat King Cole in the movie _Istanbul_ (1957).

Borchers was born in Silute, Lithuania. She died in Bavaria, Germany from an illness, aged 89.
Brajanath Ratha

**Brajanath Ratha** (January 12, 1936 – May 31, 2014) was an Indian poet. He is known for writing his poems in Oriya, an Indian language. He won many awards during his 50-year career and was even declared as an honorary ambassador to South Korea by the Indian government.

Ratha died in Sunhat, Balasore, Odisha, aged 78.
Attenborough, Nottinghamshire

**Attenborough** is a village in Broxtowe, Nottinghamshire, England. Its postcode is NG9. It is a suburb of Nottingham.
Blackcomb Peak

**Blackcomb Peak** is a mountain near the east of Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. It is the boundary between the Whistler Blackcomb ski resort and the Garibaldi Provincial Park. The slopes were host to the sliding sports during the 2010 Winter Olympics. There is a memorial ice axe bolted to the rocks just below the summit to honour extreme skier Trevor Peterson.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Blackcomb Peak
- **photo**: Blackcomb Mountain-2007.jpg
- **photo caption**: Blackcomb Mountain in 2007
- **elevation m**: 2436
- **prominence m**: 86
- **label position**: left
- **location**: Whistler, British Columbia, Whistler, British Columbia, Canada
- **range**: Fitzsimmons Range
- **topo**: National Topographic System, NTC 92J/02
- **first ascent**: 1923 Phyllis Munday, Don Munday
- **easiest route**: class 3
Epping Forest

**Epping Forest** is a forest on the border of Greater London, and Essex. It is very long, but very narrow. It stretches over , but at no point it is more than  wide. The earliest archeological finds date from the Mesolithic period. There is a Roman villa rustica in the forest.
Bryn Celli Ddu

**Bryn Celli Ddu** is a prehistoric site on the Welsh island of Anglesey near Llanddaniel Fab. Its name means 'the mound in the dark grove'. It was robbed in 1699 and archaeologically dug between 1928 and 1929.

During the Neolithic period a stone circle and henge stood at the site. There were 14 stones in the circle, and the henge was about 30 m in diameter, with a ditch about 5 m across. The ditch was about 2 m deep. There was probably a path or causeway across the ditch to the henge. A small human bone from the ear, covered with a flat stone, was found in an area of burnt material in the centre. The amount of silt in the ditch showed that it had been used for a long time.

The stone circle was pulled down in the early Bronze Age. Five of the stones were removed, two were pushed over, and six were smashed, and one was buried.

A passage grave was built in the centre of the henge. The passage is about 8.5m long and 1 m wide. The burial chamber is about 2 m wide, made from six large upright stones, covered with two capstones. A stone, carved with a twisting, serpent like design was in the burial chamber.  It has been moved to the National Museum of Wales and replaced with a copy standing outside. The earth barrow covering the grave was made in after the 1928 dig; the original was probably much bigger.

In 1906 Norman Lockyer said that Bryn Celli Ddu marked the summer solstice. This was made fun of at the time, but research by Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas in 1997- 98 showed it was true. They also say the site can be used as an agricultural calendar. Steve Burrow, curator of Neolithic archaeology at Amgueddfa Cymru (National Museum of Wales), has more recently supported the case for summer solstice alignment. This alignment links Bryn Celli Ddu to other sites, including Maes Howe and Newgrange, both of which point to the Winter solstice. It has also been suggested that a feature similar to the 'lightbox' at Newgrange may be matched at Bryn Celli Ddu (Pitts, 2006).

A row of five postholes which were thought to have been dug at the same time as the tomb, about 3000 BC, are now known to be much earlier. Early results from radiocarbon tests show that pine charcoal from two of the pits goes back to the Mesolithic (Pitts, 2006).

Two researchers, Rupert Soskin and Michael Bott recently suggested that the pillar standing within the chamber is in fact the petrified remains of a tree trunk. Study of the pillar shows that it looks like the bark of a tree, however what is unknown at the moment, is whether the pillar is indeed petrified wood or natural rock chosen by the tomb builders because of its unusual appearance.

## References

- Pitts, M. 2006. Sensational new discoveries at Bryn Celli Ddu. _British Archaeology_ No. 89 (July/August): 6.

## Other websites

- Pictures and description of Bryn Celli Ddu
- Steve Burrow... says the mound's stone passage points at the midsummer rising sun... The rays light up a quartz-rich stone at the back of the tomb.
- Photos of Bryn Celli Ddu and surrounding area on geograph
Epping Forest (district)

**Epping Forest district** is a district of Essex, bordering Greater London. Much of the district is covered with the forest of the same name. The district was formed on 1 April 1974. Much of the district has a rural appearance. In the south, at the border of Greater London it is more suburban. The biggest town in the district, Loughton, lies in this area. Chipping Ongar is a small market town a bit more to the north. The administration is in Epping, which is roughly in the centre of the district. The rest of the district is dominated by villages.

About 130,000 people live in the borough. The M25 and M11 go through it.
Neville McNamara

Air Chief Marshal **Sir Neville Patrick McNamara**,  (17 April 1923 – 7 May 2014) was an Australian war veteran. He was the senior commander of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). He served as the RAAF's highest-ranking position, Chief of the Air Staff (CAS), from 1979 until 1982. He was also Chief of the Defence Force Staff (CDFS), Australia's top military role at the time, from 1982 until 1984.

McNamara was born in Toogoolawah, Queensland.

McNamara died on 7 May 2014 in Jervis Bay, New South Wales, aged 91. His wife and two daughters outlived him.

## Other websites

- Neville McNamara at Bomber Command Commemorative Day
Barbara Murray

**Barbara Ann Murray** (27 September 1929 – 20 May 2014) was an English actress. She was known in movies for appearing in  _Passport to Pimlico_ (1949), _Meet Mr. Lucifer_ (1953) and _The Curse of King Tut's Tomb_ (1980). On television, she was best known for her role as Lady Pamela Wilder in the 1960s drama series _The Plane Makers_ (and the sequel, _The Power Game_). She was born in London.

Murray was married to actor John Justin from 1952 until they divorced in 1964. The couple had three daughters.

Murray died from a heart attack in Spain, aged 84. She had been in hospital for an operation to fix her broken hip.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Barbara Murray
- **image**: Barbara Murray colour.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **caption**: Barbara Murray in 1973.
- **birth name**: Barbara Ann Murray
- **birth place**: London, England, United Kingdom, UK
- **death place**: Spain
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1948–1999
- **spouse**: John Justin (1952-1964) (divorced)
- **children**: 3
Alan Sugar

**Alan Michael Sugar** (**Baron Sugar**; born 24 March 1947), also known as **Lord Sugar**, is a British businessman, television personality and member of the House of Lords. He has a fortune of around £1 billion.

## Business

Sugar founded electronics company Amstrad in 1968. He also founded Amsair (which owns a Cessna fleet), Amsprop (a property company) and Amscreen (an advertising company). He was the chairman of Tottenham Hotspur F.C. from 1991 until 2001. For his achievements in business, Sugar was made a member of the House of Lords and is a baron (lord).

## Television

He is currently the boss of the UK version of the reality show _The Apprentice_. In the show, a group of young businesspeople compete for an investment from Lord Sugar of £250,000. Sugar also appeared as the host of the Australian version of the show in 2021 and 2022.

## Personal life

Sugar was born in Hackney, London and brought up in a council house there. He married in 1968. The couple live in Chigwell, Essex. They have two sons and a daughter.
Reg Gasnier

**Reginald William** "**Reg**" **Gasnier**  (12 May 1939 – 11 May 2014), also nicknamed "**Gaz**", was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach. He played centre for the St. George Dragons from 1959 to 1967 and represented Australia. He was on the National Rugby League's list of 100 greatest players and the honorary Team of the Century.

Gasnier was born in Mortdale, Sydney, New South Wales. He was the uncle of rugby league player Mark Gasnier.

Gasnier died from an illness on 11 May 2014 in Miranda, Sydney. He was 74 and would have turned 75 the next day. His wife and children, Peter and Kellie, outlived him.

## Other websites

- Reg Gasnier  at Best Legenz
Mary Soames, Baroness Soames

**Mary Soames, Baroness Soames**  (born **Mary Spencer-Churchill**; 15 September 1922 – 31 May 2014) was the youngest of the five children of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill and his wife Clementine. Until her death, she was their only surviving child.

Soames was born in Chartwell, Westerham, Kent. She was married to Christopher Soames, Baron Soames or The Lord Soames from 1947 until his death in 1987. The two had five children, Nicholas, Emma, Jeremy, Charlotte and Rupert.

Soames died after a short illness on 31 May 2014 in London, aged 91.

## Other websites

- Lady Mary Soames at Curtis Brown
Westerham

**Westerham** is a town in Sevenoaks District in Kent, South East England. About 5,000 people live in Westerham. Its postcode is TN16.
Sevenoaks District

**Sevenoaks** is a borough in the far west of Kent, South East England. It was created on 1 April 1974. About 120,000 people live in the borough. Its headquarters are in Sevenoaks.
Joseph Fletcher

**Joseph Francis Fletcher** (April 10, 1905, Newark, New Jersey – October 28, 1991, Charlottesville, Virginia) was an American professor and bioethicist. He was a member of the American Eugenics Society and the Association for Voluntary Sterilization.
Jamie Allison

**James E. Allison** (born May 13, 1975) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. He played a career total of 372 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Calgary Flames, Chicago Blackhawks, Columbus Blue Jackets, Nashville Predators, and Florida Panthers.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, Allison played 1 year with the Windsor Spitfires and 3 years with the Detroit Jr. Red Wings of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL).

Allison was drafted with the 44th overall pick by the Calgary Flames in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. He played 64 games with the Flames, 142 games with the Chicago Blackhawks, 37 more games with the Flames, 55 games with the Columbus Blue Jackets, 67 games with Nashville Predators and 7 games with the Florida Panthers. Allison retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2007. Since retiring, Allison started The Hockey Force Hockey Camp which helps teach kids both hockey and life skills which helps them on and off the ice.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shot**: Left
- **birth place**: Lindsay, Ontario, Lindsay, Ontario, ON, Canada
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 220
- **played for**: Calgary Flames
Chicago Blackhawks
Columbus Blue Jackets
Nashville Predators
Florida Panthers
- **league**: National Hockey League, NHL
- **draft**: 44th overall
- **draft year**: 1993
- **draft team**: Calgary Flames
- **career start**: 1995
- **career end**: 2007
Todd White

**Todd White** (born May 21, 1975) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre. He played a career total of 653 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Philadelphia Flyers, Ottawa Senators, Minnesota Wild, Atlanta Thrashers, and New York Rangers.

## Career

Before playing in the NHL, White played 4 years of college hockey with Clarkson University. During his time playing college hockey, he was named as a Hobey Baker Award finalist.

### Blackhawks

He went undrafted but he signed a contract with the Chicago Blackhawks on August 6, 1997. He played 43 games with the Blackhawks before he was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers for a conditional draft pick. White spent most of his time with the Flyer's AHL affiliate team, Philadelphia Phantoms.

### Senators

He only played 3 games with the Flyers before he signed as a free agent with the Ottawa Senators on July 12, 2000.

He had some success with the Senators and was able to reach the second round of the playoffs with the but they were eliminated by the Toronto Maple Leafs. The next year, he was able to make the playoffs but they were again eliminated by the Maple Leafs this time in the first round.

### Wild

When the season ended, White was traded to the Minnesota Wild for a fourth round draft pick.

He played 2 seasons with the Wild and signed a four-year contract with the Atlanta Thrashers. He was traded to the New York Rangers for Donald Brashear and Patrick Rissmiller on August 2, 2010. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 2011.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Todd White 2008.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks
Philadelphia Flyers
Ottawa Senators
Södertälje SK
Minnesota Wild
Atlanta Thrashers
New York Rangers
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 195
- **birth place**: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- **career start**: 1997
- **career end**: 2011
Sino-Indian border dispute

The **Sino-Indian border dispute** is about several territories that are claimed by both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of India. The farthest west, Aksai Chin, is part of another dispute involving Pakistan. It is controlled by China but is claimed by the Government of India. They consider it part of the region of Xinjiang. It is a place where very few people live. The other large disputed territory is to the east. It is south of the McMahon Line. It used to be called the North East Frontier Agency. It is now called South Tibet. The McMahon Line was part of the 1914 Simla Convention between British India and Tibet. China rejected the agreement.

## Disputes along the Himalayan border

- Chuva and Chuje
- Shipki La Pass
- Nilang and Jadhang
- Barahoti, Lapthal and Sangcha

## Former Kingdom of Sikkim

In 1975 India annexed the territory of Sikkim. This was rejected by China. Today, the Sikkim-China border's most northern point, "The Finger", is still disputed.

## See also

- Political problems of China
Nancy Kelly

**Nancy Kelly** (March 25, 1921 – January 2, 1995) was an American actress. She was a leading movie lady in the 1930s. She made movies between 1926 and 1977. In _The Bad Seed_, she played Christine. In _Show Business_ (1944), she played Nancy Gae.

Kelly was born in Lowell, Massachusetts. She died from diabetes in Bel-Air, California at age seventy-three.
Patricia Highsmith

**Patricia Highsmith** (previously: **Mary Patricia Plangman**; 19 January 1921 – 4 February 1995) was an American novelist and short story writer. She was known for psychological thrillers.

She wrote the novel _The Talented Mr. Ripley_ in 1955. Her first book, _Strangers on a Train_ was 1950. Some of her novels included homosexual themes or undertones.

The novelist was born in Fort Worth, Texas. She had sexual relationships with men and women. She died in Locano, Switzerland from aplastic anemia at age seventy-four.
Melvin Franklin

**David Melvin English** (later **Melvin Franklin**; October 12, 1942 – February 23, 1995) was an American bass singer. He was known for being in the Motown group The Temptations.

In the late 1960s, Franklin developed rheumatoid arthritis. He used cortisone to treat it. The cortisone made his immune system not work well. He also developed diabetes.

Franklin was born in Montgomery, Alabama. He moved to Detroit. He died because of several seizures at age fifty-two.
Ed Flanders

**Edward Paul "Ed" Flanders** (December 29, 1934 – February 22, 1995) was an American actor. He was best known for playing Dr. Donald Westphall in the television series _St. Elsewhere_. He also played Richard in the movie _The Ninth Configuration_.

Flanders was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He died after shooting himself in Denny, California at age 60.
Linda Gary

**Linda Gary** (born **Linda Gary Howerton Dewoskin**; November 4, 1944 – October 5, 1995) was an American voice actress and voice over artist who did animated projects. She voiced the character of Jane on _Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle_. In _Web Woman_, she voiced the title character.

Gary was born in California. She died from brain cancer on October 5, 1995 in North Hollywood, Los Angeles.
Mary Wickes

**Mary Wickes** (originally **Wickenhauser**; June 3, 1910 – October 22, 1995) was an American actress. She first performed on Broadway in _The Farmer Takes a Wife_. She also acted as Nurse Preen in _The Man Who Came to Dinner_.

Wickes was also a comedian.

Mary Wickes was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She died in Los Angeles as a result of surgical complications.
Alicia de Larrocha

**Alicia de Larrocha i de la Calle** (May 23, 1923 – September 25, 2009) is an Spanish pianist. She received many Grammy Awards. She performed for 76 years, following which she retired.

De Larrocha was born in Barcelona. She died at age 86 after declining health.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Mozart: Piano Concertos Nos. 21 & 23; Piano Sonata "Alla turca_ (2003)
- _Schumann: Piano Concerto; Piano Quintet_ (2005)
Arrondissements of the Tarn department

There are 2 **arrondissements in the Tarn department**. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into _arrondissements_, which may be translated into English as **districts** (in some cases, as **boroughs**).  The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

The arrondissements are further divided into cantons and communes.

The arrondissements of the Tarn department are:

|INSEE code !! Arrondissement !! Capital !! Population (2014) !! width=60px | Area (km²) !! Density (Inh./km²) !! _Communes_|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|811|Albi|Albi|190,101|2,731.7||169|
|812|Castres|Castres|194,373|3,026.2||151|

## History

Since its creation, the Tarn department has had few changes:
- 1790 : creation of the Tarn department with five districts: Albi, Castres, Lavaur, Gaillac, Lacaune; there were two alternating capitals: Albi and Castres
- 1800 : creation of the arrondissements: Albi, Castres, Gaillac, Lavaur
- 1926 : the arrondissements of Gaillac and Lavaur were eliminated
Tarn (river)

The **Tarn** is a river in southern France, tributary of the Garonne river. The Tarn and Tarn-et-Garonne departments are named after this river.

## Geography

The Tarn river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Moissac, near the confluence with the Garonne, in the Tarn-et-Garonne department for a period of 57 years.

**Average monthly discharge (m<sup>3</sup>/s) at Moissac**

### Course

The source of the Tarn is on the Mont Lozère, in the Cévennes, southeastern Massif Central, in the _commune_ of Le Pont-de-Montvert, Lozère department, at an altitude of about .

The Tarn flows to the southwest, in general, and passes through the following regions, departments and _communes_:

- Occitanie region
    - Lozère: Le Pont-de-Montvert, Sainte-Enimie
    - Aveyron: Millau, Saint-Rome-de-Tarn
    - Tarn: Albi, Gaillac, Lisle-sur-Tarn, Rabastens, Saint-Sulpice-la-Pointe
    - Haute-Garonne: Bessières, Buzet-sur-Tarn, Villemur-sur-Tarn
    - Tarn-et-Garonne: Montauban, Lafrançaise, Moissac

The Tarn river flows through a total of 104 _communes_.

Finally, it flows, as a right tributary into the Garonne near Moissac, in the Tarn-et-Garonne department, at  of altitude.

## Main tributaries

The main tributaries, with a length greater than 25 km, of the Tarn are:

**Left tributaries**:
- Tarnon -
- Jonte -
- Dourbie -
- Cernon -
- Dourdou de Camarès -
- Rance -
- Agout -

**Right tributaries**:
- Muze -
- Alrance -
- Tescou -
- Aveyron -
- Lemboulas -

## Related pages

- List of rivers of France

## Other websites

- Banque Hydro -  Banque Hydro - Station O5901010 - Le Tarn à Moissac (Synthèse)
- Die Cevennen: Der Fluss Tarn und die Gorges du Tarn
- Office of Tourisme Gorges du Tarn - Grand Causses - Lozère
- River Tarn (and the Tarn ‘Ring’)

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Tarn
- **image**: Tarn River in Saint-Chely-du-Tarn 08.jpg
- **image caption**: The Tarn in Saint-Chély-du-Tarn, Gorges du Tarn Causses
- **map**: Tarn (rivière).png
- **map caption**: Path of the Tarn [http://u.osmfr.org/m/384573/]
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: France
- **source1**: Mont Lozère
- **source1 location**: Cévennes, France
- **mouth**: Garonne
- **mouth location**: Moissac, France
Division of Leichhardt

**The Division of Leichhardt** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up in 1949. It is one of Australia's largest electorates, covering an area from Cairns to Cape York and the Torres Strait, including the Torres Strait Islands.

The division is named after Ludwig Leichhardt, an explorer and scientist.

Most of the electorate is almost uninhabited except for small Aboriginal communities. The southeast corner includes, the Wet Tropics, and includes urban Cairns. There are small, intensive sugar cane, banana and mango farms in this region. The main towns are Aurukun, Bamaga, Cairns, Cooktown, Hope Vale, Kowanyama, Kuranda, Lockhart River, Mossman, Pormpuraaw, Port Douglas, Thursday Island and Weipa.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Tom Gilmore|Country|1949–1951|
|||Harry Bruce|Labor|1951–1958|
|||Bill Fulton|Labor|1958–1975|
|||David Thomson|National|1975–1983|
|||John Gayler|Labor|1983–1993|
|||Peter Dodd|Labor|1993–1996|
|||Warren Entsch|Liberal|1996–2007|
|||Jim Turnour|Labor|2007–2010|
|||Warren Entsch|Liberal National|2010–2025|

## Other websites

- Division of Leichhardt (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission
- Warren Entsch's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Leichhardt
- **caption**: Interactive map of boundaries (excluding outer islands)
- **created**: 1949
- **namesake**: Ludwig Leichhardt
- **electors**: 99,402 (2013)
- **area**: 148988
- **class**: Rural
Division of Lilley

The **Division of Lilley** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up in 1913. The division is named after Sir Charles Lilley, a former Premier of Queensland and Chief Justice in the Supreme Court of Queensland.

Lilley covers the north-eastern parts of Brisbane and includes Ascot, Banyo, Boondall, Brighton, Chermside, Deagon, Geebung, Gordon Park, Hamilton, Hendra, Kedron, Northgate, Nudgee, Nundah, Pinkenba, Sandgate, Shorncliffe, Taigum, Virginia, Wavell Heights, Wooloowin, and Zillmere, and parts of Albion, Aspley, and Lutwyche.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Jacob Stumm|Commonwealth Liberal|1913–1917||
|||rowspan="2"|George Mackay|Nationalist|1917–1931|
|||United Australia|1931–1934|||
|||Sir Donald Cameron|United Australia|1934–1937||
|||William Jolly|United Australia|1937–1943||
|||James Hadley|Labor|1943–1949||
|||Bruce Wight|Liberal|1949–1961||
|||Donald James Cameron|Labor|1961–1963||
|||Kevin Cairns|Liberal|1963–1972||
|||Frank Doyle|Labor|1972–1974||
|||Kevin Cairns|Liberal|1974–1980||
|||Elaine Darling|Labor|1980–1993||
|||Wayne Swan|Labor|1993–1996||
|||Elizabeth Grace|Liberal|1996–1998||
|||Wayne Swan|Labor|1998–2019||
|||Anika Wells|Labor|2019–present||
Wayne Swan was Deputy Prime Minister, Treasurer and Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party.

## Other websites

- Division of Lilley (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission
- Wayne Swan's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Lilley
- **caption**: Interactive map of boundaries
- **created**: 1913
- **mp**: Anika Wells
- **mp-party**: Australian Labor Party, Labor
- **namesake**: Charles Lilley
- **electors**: 100,164 (2013)
- **area**: 147
- **class**: Inner Metropolitan
Shanghai Jiao Tong University

**Shanghai Jiao Tong University** (Chinese: 上海交通大學 / 上海交通大学, Pinyin Shànghǎi Jiāotōng Dàxué) , sometimes called Shanghai Transport University is a public university in Shanghai, China. It was founded in 1896. It is a founding member of the C9 League, which groups a number of public universities in China.  When it was founded in 1896, it was called **Nanyang Public School** (南洋公學; _Nányáng Gōngxué_). It has gone through a number of transformations, and has its current name since 1959.  The university has over 40,000 students, and about 2,700 international students.

Jiaotong translates as 'traffic', perhaps 'connection'. The word can be found in many university names, and is often unttanslated. Today, ther university is known for making the Academic Ranking of World Universities, which is also known as _Shanghai rating_.
Division of Longman

The **Division of Longman** is an Australian Electoral Division in Queensland. It was set up in 1994. The division is named after Irene Longman, the first female member of the Parliament of Queensland and the third woman elected to a parliament in Australia.

Longman covers much of the Moreton Bay Region. It includes Beachmere, Bribie Island, Burpengary, Dakabin, Donnybrook, Kallangur, Ningi, Toorbul, Caboolture, Morayfield, Wamuran Woodford and Narangba.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Mal Brough|Liberal|1996–2007|
|||Jon Sullivan|Labor|2007–2010|
|||Wyatt Roy|Liberal National|2010–2016|
|||Susan Lamb|Labor|2016–2019|
|||Terry Young|Liberal National|2019–present|

## Other websites

- Division of Longman (Qld) — Australian Electoral Commission
- Wyatt Roy's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Longman
- **caption**: Interactive map of boundaries
- **created**: 1996
- **mp**: Terry Young
- **mp-party**: Liberal National Party of Queensland, Liberal National
- **namesake**: Irene Longman
- **electors**: 94,050 (2013)
- **area**: 1239
- **class**: Provincial
The Biggest Loser

***The Biggest Loser*** is a reality television series. The original American version started airing on October 19, 2004. Many other countries have their own versions.

It was originally hosted by Caroline Rhea from 2004 to 2006. In 2007 starting with the fourth season, Alison Sweeney took over as host. In 2015, Sweeney left as host and trainer Bob Harper took over as host for the 17th season that aired in 2016.

Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels were the original personal trainers of the show when the show got on the air. Since then trainers such as Cara Castruonova, Jessie Pavelka, Kim Lyons, Brett Hoebel and Anna Kournikova have also trained on the show. The current trainers are Dolvett Quince and Jennifer Widerstrom.

A spin-off called _Losing It with Jillian_ aired in the summer of 2010.

It originally aired in standard definition, but started airing in high definition in the 10th season.

No new seasons have aired since 2016. While the show has not been formally cancelled, the show is being investigated as to whether contestants were given drugs.

_The Biggest Loser_ also airs internationally in many other countries.

## Seasons

- The Biggest Loser (season 1) (2004)
- The Biggest Loser (season 2) (2005)
- The Biggest Loser (season 3) (2006)
- The Biggest Loser (season 4) (2007)
- The Biggest Loser (season 5) (2008)
- The Biggest Loser (season 6) (2008)
- The Biggest Loser (season 7) (2009)
- The Biggest Loser (season 8) (2009)
- The Biggest Loser (season 9) (2010)
- The Biggest Loser (season 10) (2010)
- The Biggest Loser (season 11) (2011)
- The Biggest Loser (season 12) (2011)
- The Biggest Loser (season 13) (2012)
- The Biggest Loser (season 14) (2013)
- The Biggest Loser (season 15) (2013-14)
- The Biggest Loser (season 16) (2014-15)
- The Biggest Loser (season 17) (2016)
- The Biggest Loser (season 18) (2020)
Datteln

**Datteln** is a town in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany. As of 5 September 2011, 34,481 people lived there. Datteln is in the Recklinghausen Rural District. It is at the intersection of four canals: the Datteln-Hamm Canal, the Wesel-Datteln Canal, the Dortmund-Ems Canal and the Rhein-Herne Canal. This is the largest canal junction in the world.

Datteln has the very large, controversial E-on power plant, one of the world's most advanced hard coal-fired power plants.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **name**: Datteln
- **image photo**: Datteln Alter Marktplatz Tigg.jpg
- **image coa**: DEU_Datteln_COA.svg
- **image flag**: Banner Datteln.svg
- **image plan**: Datteln in RE.svg
- **state**: Nordrhein-Westfalen
- **region**: Regierungsbezirk Münster, Münster
- **district**: Recklinghausen
- **elevation**: 49
- **area**: 66.08
- **population**: 35875
- **stand**: 2009-06-30
- **postal code**: 45711
- **area code**: 0 23 63
- **licence**: RE
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 5 62 008
- **divisions**: 2
- **mayor**: André Dora
- **party**: SPD
Jay Lake

**Joseph Edward** "**Joe**" **Lake, Jr.** (June 6, 1964 – June 1, 2014) was an American science fiction and fantasy writer. He wrote _Trial of Flowers_ (2006), _Mainspring_ (2007), _Escapement_ (2008), _Madness of Flowers_ (2009) and _Pinion_ (2010). He was a quarterly first place winner in the Writers of the Future contest in 2003. In 2004, he won the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer in Science Fiction.

Lake was born in Taiwan to foreign service officer Joseph Edward Lake (born 1941). He was raised in both Taiwan and Nigeria before settling in the United States.

Lake died of colorectal cancer on June 1, 2014 in Portland, Oregon. He was 49 years old.

## Other websites

- Jay Lake at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database