juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
North Carolina's 11th congressional district

**North Carolina's 11th congressional district** is made up of most of Western North Carolina. Since January 3, 2023, the district has been represented by Chuck Edwards.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: North Carolina
- **district number**: 11
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries
- **representative**: Chuck Edwards
- **party**: Republican
- **residence**: Flat Rock, Henderson County
- **population**: 763,974
- **population year**: 2023
- **median income**: $62,114
- **percent white**: 82.2
- **percent hispanic**: 7.6
- **percent black**: 3.4
- **percent asian**: 0.9
- **percent more than one race**: 4.0
- **percent other race**: 0.5
- **percent native american**: 1.5
- **cpvi**: R+8
Paul S. Atkins

**Paul S. Atkins** is a lobbyist, businessperson and politician who has been the 34th Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission since 2025. He was the CEO of Patomak Global Partners LLC.

Atkins was a commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from 2002 to 2008 during the George W. Bush administration. In December 2024, President-elect Donald Trump nominated Atkins to serve as Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission under his second administration.

## Early life

Atkins was born in  Lillington, North Carolina. He grew up in Tampa, Florida. He received his A.B. from Wofford College in 1980. He received his J.D. from Vanderbilt University School of Law in 1983.

## Career

Atkins was a commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from July 9, 2002 until his term's completion in August 2008. He served with chairmen Harvey Pitt, William H. Donaldson, and Christopher Cox.

He was co-chair of the Token Alliance, an advocacy group for the crypto business.

On December 4, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump nominated Atkins to serve as Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission under his second administration.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: SEC Commissioner Paul Atkins.jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2025
- **office**: 34th Chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Securities and Exchange Commission
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **term start**: April 21, 2025
- **term start2**: August 8, 2002
- **term end2**: August 1, 2008
- **appointer2**: George W. Bush
- **predecessor2**: Laura Unger
- **successor2**: Troy A. Paredes
- **birth place**: Lillington, North Carolina, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: Wofford College (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
Vanderbilt University (Juris Doctor, JD)
- **termstart1**: April 21, 2025
- **office1**: Commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
- **predecessor1**: Gary Gensler
- **appointer1**: Donald Trump
- **predecessor**: Gary Gensler
Vince Haley

**Vince Haley** (born ) is an American speechwriter and political advisor. He is the Director of the Domestic Policy Council since 2025 as part of the second Donald Trump administration.

## Political career

Haley became involved with politics after the September 11 attacks in 2001. He worked with former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich. He was the vice president of policy for Gingrich's American Solutions organization and also worked as a research director for the American Enterprise Institute.

Haley wrote multiple books with Gingrich and also worked on his documentary movie _Ronald Reagan: Rendezvous with Destiny_. When Gingrich ran for president in 2012, Haley was his campaign manager.

Haley ran for the Virginia Senate in 2015. He lost the Republican nomination.

### Trump administration

In 2016, he worked for Donald Trump's presidential campaign. After Trump won the election, Haley was appointed to his White House policy team, working with Stephen Miller. Haley was one of the two main speechwriters for Trump during his presidency. He helped write Trump's State of the Union addresses.

Haley was one of Trump's main speechwriters in 2024, working for his 2024 presidential campaign.

After Trump won the 2024 election, Haley was picked to be the director of the United States Domestic Policy Council.

## Personal life

Haley was born in Virginia. He studied at the College of William & Mary, University of Virginia and at the College of Europe.

Haley lives in Henrico County, Virginia. He is married to Bethany Haley and they have four children.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Vince Haley
- **image**: Vince Haley Crop.png
- **office**: 24th Director of the United States Domestic Policy Council, Domestic Policy Council
- **president**: Donald Trump
- **term start**: January 20, 2025
- **predecessor**: Neera Tanden
- **birth place**: Virginia, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: College of William & Mary
University of Virginia
College of Europe
Amar Singh I

Amar Singh I, the Maharana ruler of Mewar Kingdom (16 March 1559 – 26 January 1620), was the eldest son and successor of Maharana Pratap I. He was the 14th Rana of Mewar, ruling from 19 January 1597 until his death on 26 January 1620.
Sangam Vihar Assembly constituency

**Sangam Vihar** is one of the 70 constituencies of the Delhi Legislative Assembly in India. It is part of South Delhi and was established in 2009.

## Overview

Sangam Vihar was created in 2008 after the boundaries were changed by the Delimitation Commission of India. It is part of the South Delhi Lok Sabha constituency along with nine other Assembly segments, including Bijwasan, Ambedkar Nagar, and Chhatarpur.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

- **2008**: Dr. Shiv Charan Lal Gupta (Bharatiya Janata Party)
- **2013**: Dinesh Mohaniya (Aam Aadmi Party)
- **2015**: Dinesh Mohaniya (Aam Aadmi Party)
- **2020**: Dinesh Mohaniya (Aam Aadmi Party)

## 2020 Election Results

- **Winner**: Dinesh Mohaniya (Aam Aadmi Party) – 75,345 votes (64.58%)
- **Runner-up**: Shiv Charan Gupta (Janata Dal (United)) – 32,823 votes (28.13%)

## 2020 Election Results

- **Winner**: Dinesh Mohaniya (Aam Aadmi Party) – 75,345 votes (64.58%)
- **Runner-up**: Shiv Charan Gupta (Janata Dal (United)) – 32,823 votes (28.13%)
Aam Aadmi Party

**Aam Aadmi Party** (**AAP**) is a political party in India. The name means "Common Man's Party" in Hindi. It was started in 2012 by Arvind Kejriwal and his supporters. The party aims to fight corruption and make government services better for people.

## History

AAP was formed after the India Against Corruption movement led by Anna Hazare in 2011. Arvind Kejriwal and some others wanted to enter politics to fight corruption, so they started the party in November 2012.

## Achievements

AAP first won many seats in the Delhi Legislative Assembly elections in 2013. Since then, the party has governed Delhi several times. Its main focus has been on improving schools, healthcare, electricity, and water services.

## Leadership

- Arvind Kejriwal: National Convener and Chief Minister of Delhi
- Manish Sisodia: Senior Leader and former Deputy Chief Minister of Delhi
- Sanjay Singh: Leader in the Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Indian Parliament)

## Elections

AAP has participated in elections in Delhi, Punjab, and other states. In 2022, the party won the Punjab Legislative Assembly elections and formed the government there.

## Criticism

The party has faced criticism for its internal conflicts and decisions. Some leaders have left the party, and others have accused it of not delivering on all its promises.
Jack Hoogland

**Jack Hoogland** (10 July 1946 – 4 December 2024) was a Dutch football player who played as a midfielder. He played with FC Volendam in the Eredivisie between 1965 and 1978.

## Biography

Hoogland started with the junior team of FC Volendam. With the junior team he became national champion in 1964. Hoogland became a member of the main senior team the next year in 1965. He played a total of 259 matches with the senior team and scored fourteen times. He was also captain of the team. In the Eredivisie, the highest division of the Netherlands, he played 109 matches and scored seven times. He is described as the 'de stille motor' (translated: the silent enginge) of the team because he was an important player, but was not in the foreground. Next to playing in the Eredivisie he played with the team in the Eerste Divisie and became champion in 1967 and 1970. He played with FC Volendam until 1978.

After his playing career he became coach of RKAV Volendam.

Hoogland was born in Volendam on 10 July 1946. Hoogland was married to Aaf Kroon. They had three children. After an illness, he died on 4 December 2024, at the age of 78. He will be buried on 7 December and be buried at the Roman Catholic cemetery next to the  in Volendam.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Jack Hoogland
- **birth place**: Volendam, Netherlands
- **position**: Midfielder
- **youthyears1**: until 1965
- **youthclubs1**: FC Volendam (under-19)
- **years1**: 1965–1978
- **clubs1**: FC Volendam
- **caps1**: 259
- **goals1**: 14
- **managerclubs1**: RKAV Volendam (coach)
Jan Bloukaas

**Jan Bloukaas** real name **Jean du Plessis** (7 October 1999 – 3 December 2024) was a French Afrikaans singer.

Du Plessis was born on 7 October 1999 and attended Tygerberg High School. In 2018 he published his album _Lewe_ that was later nominated for the 25th Annual  South African Music Awards in the best pop album category. His second album _The Party Starter_ was released in 2019. He released his third and final album _God Kan_ on 27 November 2024.

Bloukaas was diagnozed with brain cancer in 2022. He died from it on 3 December 2024, at the age of 25.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jan Bloukaas
- **birth place**: Monte Vista, South Africa
- **nationality**: French
- **occupation**: singer
Battos

**Battus** _(meaning "tongue-tied")_ was a figure in Greek mythology that pointed to the cattle located at the foot of the mountain where Hermes had stolen it from Apollo, as a consequence, Mercury turned him to stone. He was a young shepherd, who's loyalty was tested by the gods, he was told by Hermes that he would become a rich man if he would keep the theft a secret.

But when Apollo asked him, he told him anyways, which would cost him his life. But this act resulted in Hermes being judged by gods, to avoid punishment, he gifted a lyre to Apollo, He liked it so much that he gave him back a caduseus.
Hari Singh Dhillon

**Hari Singh Dhillon** (died 1765) was a Sikh warrior. He was the leader of the Bhangi Misl group. When the Dal Khalsa army was formed, he became the leader of the Taruna Dal group.

## Early life

Hari Singh Dhillon was the nephew and adopted son of Bhuma Singh. After Bhim Singh's death, Hari Singh, took over as the leader of the Bhangi Misl. Hari Singh's father, Bhoop Singh, was a landowner in the village of Patoh, near Wadni. Under Hari Singh's leadership, the Misl grew in power and prominence.

## Military Campaign

Ahmad Shah Durrani attacked the Sikhs in the Battle of Kup on February 5, 1762. He stayed in Punjab until December 12, 1762. After he left, Hari Singh attacked Khwajah Saeed Ka Kot and took many arms.

On April 10, 1763, the Sikhs gathered in Amritsar to celebrate Baisakhi. During the festival, some Brahmans from Kasur asked for help against Usman Khan, who had taken a Brahmin’s wife, forced her to convert to Islam, and treated her badly. Hari Singh Bhangi decided to help them immediately. Sikhs attack Kasur, In the battle, Usman Khan and 500 of his men were killed. The woman was returned to her husband, and the Afghan homes were looted.

In 1764, Hari Singh Bhangi and his sons, Jhanda Singh and Ganda Singh, along with Hari Singh Nakkai marched towards Multan, they caused severe destruction in Multan. He crossed the Indus River and collected tribute from the Baloch leaders in the areas of Muzaffargarh, Dera Ghazi Khan, and Dera Ismail Khan. On his way back, he demanded tribute from the local rulers of Pind Dadan Khan. He then captured Jhang, Chiniot, and Sialkot. Afterward, he attacked Jammu and made Ranjit Dev pay tribute.

## Death

In 1765, Hari Singh and other leaders of the Dal Khalsa marched to Patiala to punish Ala Singh for accepting Ahmad Shah Abdali as his overlord. During the battle, Hari Singh was killed, which relieved both Ala Singh and Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. According to historian Lepel Griffin, Ahluwalia was jealous of Hari Singh's power. As a result of his various military actions, Hari Singh made the Bhangi Misl the most powerful of all the Misl groups.
Minny Luimstra-Albeda

**Mintje "Minny" Luimstra-Albeda** (8 April 1935 – 3 December 2024) was a Dutch politician. She was a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal.

Luimstra-Albeda was alderman of Amsterdam from 1982 to 1990 and served as a member of the Senate from 1992 to 1999. She was a sister of former senator and minister of social affairs Wil Albeda.

She received the Order of Orange-Nassau in 1991.

Luimstra-Albeda died on 3 December 2024, at the age of 89.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Minny Luimstra-Albeda
- **image**: Beëdiging van CDA-wethouder mevrouw Luimstra-Albeda, Bestanddeelnr 932-3145.jpg
- **caption**: Luimstra-Albeda in 1982
- **birth name**: Mintje Albeda
- **birth place**: Rotterdam, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: politician
Anne Posthuma

**Anne Posthuma** (31 May 1807 – 22 October 1866) was a Dutch pharmacist and politician.

Posthuma was born on 31 May 1807 in Dokkum and was the son of notary Gerhardus Wiebes Posthuma and Maria Uurhaan. He was first married on 28 December 1832 in Dokkum to Werdina Klaver, who died on 15 November 1840. Afterwards he married her seven years younger sister Saapke Klaver, who died on 17 March 1850. Finally he married Johanna Alberta Hendrica Hugenholtz on 26 June 1851 in Dokkum. He was alderman of Dokkum from 1851 to 1858. He was the mayor of Dokkum until his death.

Posthuma died in Dokkum on 22 October 1866, at the age of 59.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Anne Posthuma
- **birth place**: Dokkum, Netherlands
- **death place**: Dokkum, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: pharmacist and politician
Ameerega altamazonica

The **Tarapoto poison frog** (_Ameerega altamazonica_) is a frog.  It lives in Peru.

## Body

The adult frog is 18-25 mm long from nose to rear end. These frogs can have different colors depending on where they live. Mostly, the skin of the frog's back is black or dark brown in color with two white stripes from the nose all down the body and two more from the mouth down the front legs. Frogs that live further north are darker in color. Frogs that live further south have copper-colored skin and orange color to confuse animals that want to eat the frog near where the back legs meet the body.

Because this frog has bright colors, like other frogs in _Ameerega_, scientists think it also has poison in its skin, like other frogs in _Ameerega_.

## Home

People have seen this frog in many places, usually near roads or small streams. People only sometimes see it in forest that has been destroyed and is growing back. Scientists saw the frog between 150 and 865 meters above sea level.

The frog lives in at least one protected park, Parque Nacional Río Abiseo. Scientists think it might also live in Área de Conservación Cordillera Escalera and Parque Nacional Cordillera Azul.

## Young

The male frog sits on the dead leaves on the ground and calls to the female frogs. His voice sounds like "peep." Scientists have not seen wild frogs lay eggs. When the frog lives with humans, the female puts her eggs on dead leaves on the ground or on leaves of living plants near the ground. She lays  14-22 eggs at a time. After the eggs hatch, the adult male frog carries the tadpoles tow water.

The tadpoles are dark brown in color with two white spots, one on each side of the mouth.

## Danger

Scientists say this frog is not in danger of dying out.  It lives in a large place and it is good at living in places that people have changed. People sometimes catch this frog to sell as a pet, but scientists say that this is not a danger to the frog. Also, not many people want this frog for a pet.
Jennie Kidd Trout

**Jennie Kidd Trout** (Born in Kelso, Scotland; April 21, 1841 - November 10, 1921) was the first woman in Canada to become a licensed medical doctor, on March 11, 1875. Trout was the only woman in Canada licensed to practice medicine until July 1880, when Emily Stowe completed the official qualifications.

## Personal Life

**Jennie Kidd Gowanlock Trout** was born in Kelso Scotland, when she moved with her parents to Canada in 1847, settling in near Stanford, Ontario. Trout had taken a course in teaching after graduation and taught until her marriage to Edward Trout. She married Trout in 1865 and thereafter moved to Toronto, where Edward ran a newspaper press.

## Death

Trout died on November 10, 1921, while staying home in Hollywood, California, she died at 80 years old. But because of her hard work, many women today look up to her, and her activism and generosity will never be forgotten.

## Other Websites

https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jennie-trout

https://museumofhealthcare.blog/the-story-of-jennie-trout-and-women-in-medicine/
Allah as a moon god

The claim that Allah (Arabic: اَللَّهُ كَإِلَهِ الْقَمَرِ) (God in Islam) originated as a moon god was first suggested in 1901 by archaeologist Hugo Winckler. Winckler proposed that Allah was based on the pre-Islamic god Lah or Hubal, associating him with lunar worship. Modern scholars reject this theory as baseless and unsupported by evidence.

The idea resurfaced in the 1990s, championed by Christian apologists such as Robert Morey. In his 1994 pamphlet _The Moon-god Allah: In Archaeology of the Middle East_ and his 2001 book _The Islamic Invasion_, Morey claimed that elements of Islamic practice, such as the lunar calendar and the crescent and star symbol, pointed to a link with moon worship.

## Pre-Islamic beliefs and scholarly views

Modern scholars, such as Joseph E. B. Lumbard, reject the claim that Allah originated as a moon god. They consider this theory an offensive misrepresentation, not only to Muslims but also to Arab Christians, who also refer to God as "Allah."

Before Islam, the Kaaba housed a statue of Hubal, which some early scholars, like Julius Wellhausen, speculated might have been another name for Allah. However, modern scholars, such as Patricia Crone, argue that Hubal and Allah were distinct. Crone pointed out that if they were the same, Hubal’s name would have continued in Islamic tradition, but it has not.

Pre-Islamic Arabs viewed Allah as a creator god and the bringer of rain but did not worship Him as the sole deity. They often associated Allah with subordinate gods or companions and believed in a kinship between Allah and the jinn. Some traditions even attributed sons and daughters to Allah. Angels were also sometimes linked to Him. Despite their polytheistic practices, the Meccans invoked Allah in times of distress or need.

Muhammad’s father, Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib, whose name translates to "the servant of Allah" (), reflects the significance of Allah in pre-Islamic Arabia.

## Christian claims and Muslim rebuttals

Robert Morey argued that pre-Islamic deities like Al-‘Uzzá and Hubal were moon gods linked to Allah. This theory was further promoted by groups like Chick tracts and individuals such as Pat Robertson. However, modern research has debunked these claims, showing no connection between the cited artifacts and Islam. For instance, a statue Morey used as evidence was proven to be unrelated to Allah or Islamic practices.

Muslim sources reject these claims. Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi's _Book of Idols_ says Hubal was a statue used for fortune-telling and had no link to Allah. At the Battle of Uhud, Muhammad’s followers declared Allah’s greatness, rejecting Hubal.

The Quran also says not to worship the moon or sun. Verse 41:37 states: "Do not prostrate to the sun or to the moon, but prostrate to Allah, who created them."

## Other websites

- _Islamic Awareness_, Reply To Robert Morey's Moon-God Allah Myth: A Look At The Archaeological Evidence Retrieved 21 October 2012
- _Bismika Allahuma_, Do Muslims Worship Allah The Moon God? Retrieved 8 July 2017
Food drive

A **food drive** is a form of charity. It is conducted by a group of people or a corporation to stockpile and distribute foodstuffs to people who cannot afford food. They are operated in order to stock food banks that distribute food to homeless people, soup kitchens, vulnerable seniors, orphanages, refugees, and victims of disasters.
October 1991 Grand Sumo Tournament

The **October 1991 Grand Sumo Tournament** was a Grand Sumo Tournament in October 1991. The event took place at the Royal Albert Hall in London, United Kingdom, as part of the UK Japan Festival, from 9 to 13 October 1991. It was the first official sumo wrestling tournament ever to be organized outside Japan in the 1500 years of existence of the sport. The tournament included the top 40 rikishi from Japan, including the heaviest sumo wrestler ever Hawaiian Konishiki who weighed 238kg. The most expensive seats were 300 Pound and were cushions on the floor around the dohyo.

The event was won by Hakkaku Rijicho.

The second official sumo tournament out of Japan will be organized the October 2025 Grand Sumo Tournament, also at the Royal Albert Hall in London.
Solution Movement

The **Solution Movement** (Hungarian: _Megoldás Mozgalom_, **MEMO**) is a political party. It was started in 2021 by businessman György Gattyán. The party was made for the 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election, but it did not win any seats.

The Solution Movement has mayors in three villages: Drávapiski, Szamossályi, and Mátraballa.

The MEMO program was first private, with points shared on small cards on their website and social media. These included, among other things, introducing the idea of a public economic actor, extending the prime minister's term, and changing the corporate tax system. Later made public, their program prioritized creating a "guarantee system" for Hungary to advance into the 21st century by building a modern economic, social, and welfare framework.

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Solution Movement
- **native name**: Megoldás Mozgalom
- **logo**: Logo_of_the_Solution_Movement.svg
- **logo size**: 100px
- **colorcode**: #AC0A0E
- **leader**: György Gattyán
- **foundation**: 17 December 2021
- **ideology**: Digitalization
European Union, Pro-Europeanism
- **headquarters**: Budapest
- **website**: [https://memo.hu/en/ memo.hu]
- **registered**: 24 December 2021
- **country**: Hungary
- **colors**: Red
 White
- **native name lang**: hu
- **position**: Big tent
Jacques Roubaud

**Jacques Roubaud** (5 December 1932 – 5 December 2024) was a French poet, writer, and mathematician. He was born in Caluire-et-Cuire, France. Roubaud taught mathematics at University of Paris X Nanterre and poetry at EHESS. He was a member of the Oulipo group.

Roubaud died on his 92nd birthday on 5 December 2024 in Paris, France.

## Other websites

- Documentation critique sur J. Roubaud / commented bibliography about Jacques Roubaud
- Jacques Roubaud reading an English translation of one of his poems
Evgeny Velikhov

**Evgeny Pavlovich Velikhov** (2 February 1935 – 5 December 2024) was a Russian physicist. His scientific works focused in plasma physics, lasers, controlled nuclear fusion, power engineering, and magnetohydrodynamics. He was president of the Kurchatov Institute. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and was the vice-president of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union.

Velikhov died on 5 December 2024 in Moscow, Russia at the age of 89.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Evgeny Velikhov
- **native name lang**: ru
- **image**: Evgeny Velikhov (2017-06-20) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Velikhov in 2017
- **birth place**: Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
- **death place**: Moscow, Russia
- **fields**: Nuclear physics
- **workplaces**: Kurchatov Institute
Russian Academy of Sciences
Soviet Academy of Sciences
 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Public Chamber of Russia
- **alma mater**: Moscow State University, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- **academic advisors**: Alexander Prokhorov
- **awards**: Hero of Socialist Labour (1985)
 Lenin Prize (1984)
 State Prize of the Russian Federation (2003)
 Global Energy Prize (2006)
Orders of Lenin
 Order of Merit for the Fatherland
 Order of Courage (Russia), Order of Courage
 Order of the Red Banner of Labour
2024–2025 Georgian protests

On 28 October 2024, protests against the 2024 Georgian parliamentary election results began in Georgia after the first official results were announced.

The protestors said that the elections, which had the ruling Georgian Dream win a majority of seats, was a fraud, and wanted a recount and a new election.

The protests continued on 17 November, when the final results were certified by the Central Election Commission of Georgia. The protests grew larger a few weeks later on 28 November, when the government announced that it would postpone the EU negotiations process until 2028.

## Infobox (event)

- **title**: 2024 Georgian post-election protests
- **image**: Tbilisi - election protests 28 October 2024 - Tinatin Bokuchava (UNM).jpg
- **caption**: Opposition leaders addressing the crowd at the 28 October rally
- **date**: 28 October 2024 – present
()
- **place**: Georgia (country), Georgia
- **causes**: * Alleged electoral fraud and public distrust in the electoral system
* Georgian Dream's nomination of Mikheil Kavelashvili as their presidential candidate for the upcoming 2024 Georgian presidential election, election
* Announcement of Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze to postpone Accession of Georgia to the European Union, Georgia's integration into the European Union until 2028
- **goals**: * Overturning of the parliamentary election results
* New parliamentary elections with a neutral election administration and guarantees of politically neutral law enforcement
* Immediate release of all detainees and political prisoners from the rallies, along with the dismissal of all charges against them
- **side1**: **Opposition**
*  President of Georgia
*  Coalition for Change (Georgia), Coalition for Change
*  Unity – National Movement
*  Strong Georgia
*  For Georgia
*  Various pro-European groups of Student protest, students and civil Activism, activists
- **side2**: **Kobakhidze government**
* Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, Ministry of Internal Affairs
** Law enforcement in Georgia (country), Police of Georgia
* State Security Service of Georgia, State Security Service

**Parliament of Georgia, Parliamentary majority**
*  Georgian Dream
*People's Power (Georgia), People's Power
- **leadfigures1**:  Salome Zourabichvili
Nika Gvaramia
Nika Melia
Zurab Japaridze
Elene Khoshtaria
Tinatin Bokuchava
Mamuka Khazaradze
Giorgi Gakharia
- **leadfigures2**: Irakli Kobakhidze
Irakli Garibashvili
Shalva Papuashvili
Vakhtang Gomelauri
Grigol Liluashvili
- **howmany1**: **Protesters:** around 200,000
- **howmany2**: **Law enforcement officers:** unclear
- **injuries**: 113 police officers injured (28 November–1 December)
124 detained protesters reported injuries from police violence (28 November–2 December)
- **arrests**: 330 protestors (28 November–December 5)
Georgian Dream

**Georgian Dream – Democratic Georgia** (**GD**), also colloquially known as the **Kotsebi**, is a populist political party in Georgia. It is the ruling party in Georgia. Irakli Garibashvili is the party chairman, while the former chairman Irakli Kobakhidze has been the prime minister since February 2024. Bidzina Ivanishvili founded the party in 2012.

### Parliamentary

|Election|Leader|Votes|%|Seats|+/–|Position|Status|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|rowspan=2 align="left"|Bidzina Ivanishvili|1,184,612|54.97||rowspan=2|_new_|rowspan=2|2nd|rowspan=2|
|colspan=3||||||||||
|align="left"|Giorgi Kvirikashvili|857,394|48.65|align=left||74|1st|||
|align="left"|Giorgi Gakharia|928,004|48.22||25|1st||||
|align="left"|Irakli Kobakhidze|1,120,053|53.93||1|1st||||

### Presidential

|rowspan=2|Election year|rowspan=2|Candidate|colspan=3|1st round|colspan=3|2nd round|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|**Giorgi Margvelashvili**|1,012,569|62.12||colspan=3 style="background-color:lightgrey;"||||
|_endorsed Salome Zourabichvili_|615,572|38.64|1st|1,147,701|59.52|||

### Local

|Election|Votes|%|Seats|+/–|Position|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|719 431|50.82||_new_|1st||
|838 154|55.81||240|1st||
|824 755|46.75||252|1st||

## Infobox (political party)

- **name**: Georgian Dream –
Democratic Georgia
- **logo**: Logo of the Georgian Dream.svg
- **flag**: Flag of Georgian Dream.svg
- **logo size**: 150
- **foundation**: 21 April 2012
- **registered**: 7 May 2012
- **founder**: Bidzina Ivanishvili
- **chairman**: Irakli Garibashvili
- **secretary general**: Kakha Kaladze
- **leader1 title**: Honorary Chairman
- **leader1 name**: Bidzina Ivanishvili
- **leader2 title**: Executive Secretary
- **leader2 name**: Mamuka Mdinaradze
- **leader3 title**: Political Secretary
- **leader3 name**: Irakli Kobakhidze
- **leader4 title**: Regional Secretary
- **leader4 name**: Dito Samkharadze, Dimitri Samkharadze
- **national**: Georgian Dream (political coalition), Georgian Dream (coalition) (until 2016)
- **european**: Party of European Socialists (observer) (2015–2023)
- **international**: Progressive Alliance
(until 2023)
- **colors**: Blue and  Amber (color), Amber
- **slogan**: მხოლოდ მშვიდობით, ღირსებითა და კეთილდღეობით ევროპისკენ ('Only with peace, dignity, and prosperity to Europe')
- **seats1 title**: Seats In Parliament of Georgia, Parliament
- **seats2 title**: Municipalities of Georgia (country), Municipal Councilors
- **seats3 title**: Seats In Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Supreme Council of Adjara
- **seats4 title**: Seats In Tbilisi City Assembly
- **seats5 title**: Seats In Kutaisi City Assembly
- **seats6 title**: Seats In Batumi City Assembly
- **seats7 title**: Municipalities of Georgia (country), Municipal Mayors
- **country dab1**: Politics of Georgia (country)
- **elections dab1**: Elections in Georgia (country)
- **country**: Georgia
- **parties dab1**: List of political parties in Georgia (country)
- **leader5 name**: Gia Volski
- **leader5 title**: Relations with Political Parties Secretary
Daniel Werfel

**Daniel I. Werfel** (born 1971) is an American politician and businessman. He was the Commissioner of Internal Revenue from 2023 to 2025. He was formerly a Managing Director and Partner at Boston Consulting Group (BCG) from 2014 to 2023.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Danny Werfel
- **image**: Danny Werfel, IRS Commissioner 2.jpg
- **office**: 50th Commissioner of Internal Revenue
- **term start**: March 13, 2023
- **term end**: January 20, 2025
- **president**: Joe Biden
- **deputy**: Douglas O'Donnell
- **predecessor**: Charles P. Rettig
- **successor**: Billy Long
- **term label1**: Acting
- **term start1**: May 15, 2013
- **term end1**: December 23, 2013
- **president1**: Barack Obama
- **predecessor1**: Douglas H. Shulman
- **successor1**: John Koskinen
- **spouse**: Beth Werfel
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Cornell University (Bachelor of Arts, BA)
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (Juris Doctor, JD)
Duke University (Master of Public Policy, MPP)
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
John Koskinen

**John Andrew Koskinen** (born June 30, 1939) is an American businessman and politician. He was the non-executive chairman of Freddie Mac from September 2008 to December 2011. He was the Commissioner of Internal Revenue from 2013 to 2017.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Koskinen
- **image**: Koskinen.jpg
- **office**: 48th Commissioner of Internal Revenue
- **president**: Barack Obama
Donald Trump
- **term start**: December 23, 2013
- **term end**: November 12, 2017
- **predecessor**: Daniel Werfel
- **successor**: David Kautter
- **birth name**: John Andrew Koskinen
- **birth place**: Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Patricia Salz
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Duke University
Yale University
Missouri's 7th congressional district

**Missouri's 7th congressional district** is made up of Southwest Missouri. The district includes Springfield, the home of Missouri State University, the Joplin, Missouri, metropolitan area, Missouri's 5th largest, and the popular tourist destination city of Branson.

As of 2020, this district is the second most strongly Republican district in Missouri and is one of the most strongly Republican districts in the United States.

The district is currently represented by Republican Eric Burlison of Ozark.

## Infobox (u.s. congressional district)

- **state**: Missouri
- **district number**: 7
- **image caption**: Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
- **representative**: Eric Burlison
- **party**: Republican
- **residence**: Ozark
- **percent urban**: 59.28
- **percent rural**: 40.72
- **population**: 790,923
- **population year**: 2023
- **median income**: $60,685
- **percent white**: 82.8
- **percent hispanic**: 6.1
- **percent black**: 2.0
- **percent asian**: 1.5
- **percent native american**: 0.9
- **percent more than one race**: 6.0
- **percent other race**: 0.7
- **cpvi**: R+24
Paris Nanterre University

**Paris Nanterre University** is a public research university in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine, France. It is in the Paris metropolitan area. It is one of the most well known French universities. They are known for their law, humanities, political science, social and natural sciences and economics courses. It is one of the thirteen successor universities of the University of Paris.

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: Paris Nanterre University
- **native name**: Université Paris Nanterre
- **former name**: University of Paris-X, University of Paris West
- **image**:

- **type**: Public university, Public
- **president**: Caroline Rolland-Diamond (since 2024)
- **students**: 32,000
- **city**: Nanterre, France
- **campus**: Urban area, Urban, Nanterre, Ville-d'Avray, Saint-Cloud, La Défense
- **campus size**:

- **colors**: Grey  and  Red
- **nickname**: Nanterre
- **affiliations**: Chancellerie des Universités de Paris, Chancellery of the Universities of Paris
European University Association
Renater
Couperin (consortium)
Chess variant

A **chess variant** is a game that is made similar to chess. Most variants are slightly different from chess because they need to make some rules for the game or change the size of a chess board.

## Related pages

- Chess960
- Chaturanga
- Three-player chess
- Crazyhouse
- Bughouse chess
Guisborough

Guisborough is a medieval-era market town and civil parish located in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland in North Yorkshire, and next to North Yorkshire Moors National Park. As of 2011, Guisborough had a total population of 17,777.

## History

Guisborough priory was founded in 1119 by Robert de Brus of Skelton Castle, after the lands the priory was on had been transferred to him from Robert of Mortain under the rule of King Henry I. As the owner, de Brus also gave the manor of Guisborough to the canons who lived there, but in 1538, under the rule of King Henry VIII, the priory was dissolved, and it came under the ownership of the Chaloner family in 1550, and in 1558, so did the manor.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **official name**: Guisborough
- **country**: England
Perfect month

A **Perfect Month** is a month where the days are arranged in a shape of a rectangle. This means a perfect month starts on the first day of the week and the number of days in the month is evenly divisible by the number of days in a week.

Since there are 7 days in a week, the number of days in the month must be divisible by 7. Therefore, only February in a common year can be a perfect month since it is the only month that has  a total number of days that is divisible by 7. In a common year, February has 28 days while the other months have either 30 or 31 days, both of which are not divisible by 7. February cannot be a perfect month in a leap year since it has 29 days, meaning the number of days in that month is no longer divisible by 7.

In addition, February must start on the first day of the week. Since the month of January has 31 days, it always starts three days of the week earlier than February. Therefore, in Sunday-first calendars, the year must be a Common year starting on Thursday, with the most recent such year being 2015 and the next one being 2026. In Monday-first calendars, the year must be a Common year starting on Friday, with the most recent such year being 2021 and the next one being 2027.

This phenomenon occurs once every six years and twice every eleven years consecutively. (e.g. 1981, 1987, 1998, 2009 in Sunday-first calendars and 1993, 1999, 2010, and 2021 in Monday-first calendars). In the Gregorian calendar, the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 are not leap years. Therefore, there were Sunday-first perfect months in 1693, 1699, 1705, and 1711 with spacing of six years in between each, 1789, 1795, 1801, and 1807 also with spacings of six years in between each, and 1891 and 1903 with a spacing of twelve years. Likewise, there were Monday-first perfect months in 1694, 1700, and 1706 with spacings of six years between each, 1790 and 1802 with a spacing of twelve years, and 1897 and 1909 also with a spacing of twelve years. In each 400-year cycle in a Gregorian calendar, there are 44 perfect months in Sunday-first calendars and 43 perfect months in Monday-first calendars. In the Julian calendar, the 6-11-11 year sequence always holds as years divisible by 4 are always leap years, and there are three perfect months in Sunday-first calendars and three perfect months in Monday-first calendars in each 28-year cycle.
Tha Carter IV

***Tha Carter IV*** is the ninth studio album by American rapper Lil Wayne, released on August 29, 2011, through Cash Money Records, Universal Republic Records and Young Money Entertainment.
Enki

**Enki** or **Ea** is the Sumerian god of water and knowledge. He was either the son or brother of the sky god Anu. His Greek name was **Aos**. Enki was said to have created the Tigris and Euphrates rivers by masturbating.

The planet Mercury was thought to be Enki, but Enki was also shown as a constellation of a man pouring water. He was also associated with the goat-fish, a mythological creature with the head of a goat but the body of a fish. Enki became the Western zodiac sign of Aquarius, while his goat-fish became the sign of Capricorn (Capricornus).
Agnes Alida Huber

**Agnes Alida Huber** (24 September 1702 – 1 June 1774) was a Dutch philanthropist and feminist. She is known for founding the original guesthouse  in 1744 to support single women.

## Biography

Agnes Alida Huber was a member of the  and one of the daughters of Harmannus Huber (1663-1730), the secretary of the States of Friesland and mayor of Sneek, and his wife  (1666-1751). Huber never married and had no children. Huber inherited from her parents  in Dronryp. The house was actually built for her oldest brother Ulrich Joan Huber, but he died two years after the house was built. She inherited it under the obligation to bequeath it to the son of Ulrich Joan. She continued to live in Leeuwarden and used Schatzenburg as a country estate.

Huber had had correspondence with Maria Louise van Hessen-Kassel. A letter of her from 1738 is in possesion of the .

In 1744 she founded the first row of six houses of the Rypster guesthouse (retirement home) , on what would later become the street named Dûbelestreek. With the founding of the guesthouse, Huber wanted to facilitate the fate of single women. Huber donated a considerable amount of money every year. Huber died in Leeuwarden on 1 June 1774, at the age of 71. After her death Vredenburg received from her estate four farms, various houses, loose land and bonds. This assured the existance of Vredenburg for a very long time. The original row of one-room apartments was doubled in 1845.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Agnes Alida Huber
- **birth place**: Leeuwarden, Netherlands
- **death place**: Leeuwarden, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: philanthropist, feminist
Rohilakhand

**Rohilkhand** is a region in northwest Uttar Pradesh, India. It includes areas around Bareilly, Moradabad, Badaun, and Rampur. This region is part of the Ganges Plain. The name "Rohilkhand" comes from the Rohilla people who lived there. In ancient times, this area was known as Madhyadesh and Panchala, as mentioned in the old Indian stories of Mahabharata and Ramayana. During the British colonial period, the region was ruled by the royal family of Rampur.
Germanodactylus

***Germanodactylus*** is an extinct genus from the pterosaur order, and it lived in what is now England and China. It's estimated that males and females could grow up to a different meter in size. This species was an enemy to the early bird _Archaeopteryx_.

## Media

To date, _Germanodactylus_ appeared only in the fictional _Savage Land_, and the horror movie known as _Pterodactyl_. In the movie, it was depicted as being dangerous to humans, as well as lacking a species name.
Miho Nakayama

was a Japanese singer and actress. She was born in Saku, Japan. Her career began in 1985.

Nakayama released her debut single, "C" around the same time she appeared in her first movie _Be-Bop High School_. She became one of the most popular idols during its "Golden Age" in the 1980s. Her role in the 1985 drama _Maido Osawagase Shimasu_ made her popular.

Her best known songs were "Waku Waku Sasete", "50/50", "Catch Me" and "You're My Only Shinin' Star". She also starred in _Love Letter_ (1995).

Nakayama was found dead in her home in Tokyo, Japan on 6 December 2024 at the age of 54.

## Infobox (chinese)

- **child**: yes
- **kanji**: 中山 美穂
- **romaji**: Nakayama Miho
- **hiragana**: なかやま みほ
- **katakana**: ナカヤマ ミホ


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **background**: solo_singer
- **discography**: Miho Nakayama discography
- **label**: King Records (Japan), King Records


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Miho Nakayama
- **native name**: 中山 美穂
- **native name lang**: ja
- **caption**: Nakayama in 1986
- **birth place**: Saku, Nagano, Japan
- **death place**: Tokyo, Japan
- **othername**: Miporin (ミポリン)
Mizuho Kitayama (北山 瑞穂)
Issaque (一咲)
- **agent**: Big Apple
- **years active**: 1985–2024
- **height**: 158 cm
- **children**: 1
- **relatives**: Shinobu Nakayama (sister)
Don Ohl

**Donald Jay Ohl** (April 18, 1936 – December 2, 2024) was an American professional basketball player for 10 seasons (1960–1970) in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was born in Murphysboro, Illinois. Ohl played for the Detroit Pistons from 1960 to 1964, Baltimore Bullets from 1964 to 1968 and then for the St. Louis / Atlanta Hawks from 1968 to 1970. He went by the nickname of Waxie because of his short hair cut.

Ohl was raised in Iowa, Peoria, Illinois and Edwardsville, Illinois. He studied at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

Ohl died in St. Louis, Missouri on December 2, 2024, at the age of 88.

## Other websites

- Career stats @ basketball-reference.com
- All-Time Largest Trades in NBA History
- Catching Up With ... former Bullet Don Ohl
Oakton, Virginia

**Oakton** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 36,732 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Oakton, Virginia
- **settlement type**: Census-designated place
- **image skyline**: Oakton, va, 01.JPG
- **image caption**: Street in urban Oakton
- **pushpin map**: USA Virginia Northern#USA Virginia#USA
- **image map**: Fairfax County Virginia Incorporated and Unincorporated Areas Oakton highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 200px
- **map caption**: Location of Oakton in Fairfax County, Virginia, Fairfax County, Virginia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Virginia
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Virginia, County
- **subdivision name2**: Fairfax County, Virginia, Fairfax
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 25.4
- **area land km2**: 25.3
- **area water km2**: 0.1
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 36732
- **population density km2**: 1446.1
- **timezone**: Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: −5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: −4
- **elevation m**: 126
- **elevation ft**: 413
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 22124
- **area code**: Area code 703, 703, Area code 571, 571
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 51-58472
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 1471790
- **population density sq mi**: 3748.2
Pterodactyl (film)

***Pterodactyl*** is a thriller movie focusing on attacks caused by vicious pterodactyls.

## Plot

At a nest, several eggs fall into the mountain and hatch, revealing themselves as prehistoric pterodactyls. A trio of hunters exploring the Turkish-Armenian border are suddenly attacked by a pterodactyl_,_ becoming outnumbered and killed.

A group of scientists, made up of a group of kids (Michael, Angie, Willis, Jason, Kate and Gwen) and their professor, go on an expedition to a volcano on the border between Turkey and Armenia, ignoring warnings about the dangers they face. At their first stop, Kate talks to Michael and tells him that she has feelings for him, but he doesn't answer her, as they are interrupted by Willis, who found a strange substance (pterodactyl urine).

Meanwhile, a troop of soldiers led by Captain Bargen and consisting of Serling, Zelasny, Clarke, Borrughs and Herbert, capture the rebel leader Yolen.

Angie is attacked by a pterodactyl while bathing in a river, but manages to escape, and Jason is taken away by it. Angie tells the others, but they do not believe her, until a second attack occurs. After this, Tezo and his men attack them, looking for Yolen, but in turn, they are attacked by a large band of pterodactyls, who kill the terrorists, while the civilians are rescued by the military.

Bargen initially refuses to help them any further, but Kate tells him that she is the daughter of Burton Hailen, a military man and former colleague of Bargen, which makes him change his mind. They again find themselves in a confrontation with the pterodactyls, in the middle of which Herbert and Angie are killed in a gruesome manner. Yolen tries to escape when Borrughs is decapitated by a pterodactyl, but Bargen recaptures him. Kate and Clarke are kidnapped by the beasts and taken to their nests.

At the end, all the pterodactyls are destroyed, except for an allosaurus that emerges from a volcano.