juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Sam Champion

**Samuel James "Sam" Champion** (born August 13, 1961) is the weather anchor of ABC's _Good Morning America_ and weather editor of ABC News. Champion was born in Paducah, Kentucky. He has a B.A. in broadcast journalism from Eastern Kentucky University. He worked on _Good Morning America_ as a weatherman, making reportedly $1.5 million per year. On April 7, 2012, he debuted as host of _Sea Rescue_, an educational and informational television program that focuses on the rescue, rehabilitation, and release of animals back into the wild.

Champion is active in many charitable organizations in the New York City area including the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, March of Dimes, and "Stopping AIDS Together". He co-hosted the New York City Project's 2002 "Courage Awards". On 20 February 2013 _The Wall Street Journal_ reported that a former Mets teammate of baseball player Mike Piazza's said in 2000 that Piazza and Champion were involved in a homosexual relationship. Piazza denied this in 2002. Champion and his longtime partner Rubem Robierb were married on December 21, 2012.

Champion left _Good Morning America_ in December 2013, and later moved to The Weather Channel hosting _AMHQ_ from March 2014 until October 2015.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sam Champion
- **image**: Coast Guard Station New York crews help feed Red Hook residents impacted from Hurricane Sandy 121121-G-OD937-141.jpg
- **caption**: photo by Petty Officer 2nd Class Jetta H. Disco. 2012
- **birthname**: Samuel James Champion
- **birth place**: Paducah, Kentucky, United States
- **spouse**: Rubem Robierb
- **education**: Eastern Kentucky University (B.A.)
- **years active**: 1988–present
- **title**: TV personality/anchor on _Good Morning America_ and _America's Morning Headquarters, AMHQ_ on The Weather Channel
Opera House, Royal Tunbridge Wells

The **Opera House** is a former opera house and current pub in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. It is also a Grade II listed building.
River Medway

The **River Medway** is a river which flows for  from the High Weald in Sussex, through Kent to the point where it enters the Thames Estuary. The river becoms tidal after Allington Lock.

## Tributaries

The major tributaries of the medway are:

- River Eden
- River Bourne, known as the River Shode and River Busty
- River Teise, major sub tributary River Bewl.
- River Beult
- Loose Stream
- River Len

## Navigation

Until 1746 the river was impassable above Maidstone. The Environment Agency is the navigation authority.
The Incredible Hulk Coaster

**The Incredible Hulk** is a steel launched roller coaster. It is at Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida. It is themed and named after Hulk, a popular comic book superhero character. It has a launched tube known as the Gamma Tube that the roller coaster launches from. The ride was manfactured by Bolliger & Mabillard and has 7 inversions. It was the only Bolliger & Mabillard launched roller coaster in the world until Thunderbird opened.

## Inversions

The Incredible Hulk has the following inversions:
1. Zero G Roll
1. Cobra roll
1. 2 Loops
1. Corkscrew

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: The Incredible Hulk Coaster
- **logodimensions**: 280px
- **image**: The Hulk Coaster (5143123646).jpg
- **imagedimensions**: 280px
- **caption**: Attraction logo (above)
 Attraction (below)
- **location**: Universal's Islands of Adventure
- **section**: Marvel Super Hero Island
- **status**: Operating
- **year**: 1999
- **type**: Steel
- **type2**: Launched
- **manufacturer**: Bolliger & Mabillard
- **designer**: Werner Stengel
- **model**: Sitting Coaster – Custom
- **theme**: Hulk
- **lift**: Tire Propelled Launch
- **height ft**: 110
- **drop ft**: 104.9
- **length ft**: 3700
- **speed mph**: 67
- **inversions**: 7
- **duration**: 2:15
- **capacity**: 1920
- **acceleration from**: 0
- **acceleration mph**: 40
- **acceleration in**: 2
- **gforce**: 4
- **restriction in**: 54
- **carspertrain**: 8
- **rowspercar**: 1
- **ridersperrow**: 4
- **virtual queue name**: Universal Express Pass
- **virtual queue image**: Universal Express availability.svg
- **virtual queue status**: available
- **single rider**: available
- **rcdb number**: 557
Church of King Charles the Martyr, Royal Tunbridge Wells

The **Church of King Charles the Martyr** is a Church of England parish church in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. It is a Grade I listed building.
EADS Harfang

The **EADS Harfang** is an unmanned aerial vehicle developed for service in the French Air Force.

## Development

The project was inspired by the IAI Heron, an Israeli drone aircraft shown at the 1999 Paris Air Show. It was built by EADS, the European Aeronautics and Space company now part of Airbus.

## Name

Its name comes from _Harfang des neiges_, the French name for the snowy owl, a raptor (bird of prey).

## Specifications

The Harfang is a twin-boom aircraft, propelled by a rear-mounted engine. Avionics include GPS. It has no weapon on board.

### Users

- Armée de l'Air.
    - Escadron de Drones 1/33 "_Adour_".

### Use

In May 2011, it was used for observation of the G8 meeting in Deauville.
In January 2013, France used this plane for reconnaissance against Islamist terrorists who occupy the north of Mali.
Jimmy Roberts (singer)

**Jimmy Roberts** (April 6, 1923 - February 6, 1999) was an American singer. He performed on _The Lawrence Welk Show_ from 1955 to 1982. He sang several songs during his years on _The Lawrence Welk Show_.

Roberts was originally from Kentucky. He was married from 1985 until he died. He had four children. He died in 1999 in Clearwater, Florida.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jimmy Roberts
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: James Robert Heltsley
- **origin**: Madisonville, Kentucky, United States
- **death place**: Clearwater, Florida
- **instrument**: Vocals
- **occupation**: Singer
- **associated acts**: Lawrence Welk
- **website**: [http://www.welkshow.net Jimmy Roberts]
John Ruskin

**John Ruskin** (8 February 1819 – 20 January 1900) was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era. He was also an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist. He was hugely influential in the last half of the 19th century, up to the First World War.

Ruskin wrote on a wide range of subjects. These included geology, architecture, myths, ornithology, literature, education, botany, and political economy. In all his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, and architectural structures and ornamentation.

Ruskin first came to widespread attention with the first volume of _Modern Painters_ (1843), an extended essay in defence of the work of J. M. W. Turner. He argued that the principal role of the artist is "truth to nature". From the 1850s he championed the Pre-Raphaelites who were influenced by his ideas.

In 1869, Ruskin became the first Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford, where he established the Ruskin School of Drawing. He founded the Guild of St George, an organisation that still exists.

## Other websites

- Ruskin at Victorian web

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: John Ruskin
- **image**: John Ruskin 1863.jpg
- **imagesize**: 220px
- **caption**: John Ruskin in 1863
- **birth place**: 54 Hunter Street, Brunswick Square, London, England
- **death place**: Brantwood, Coniston, Cumbria, Coniston, Lancashire, England
- **occupation**: Writer, art critic, draughtsman, watercolourist, social thinker, philanthropist
- **citizenship**: English
- **alma mater**: Christ Church, Oxford, Christ Church, University of Oxford
King's College London
- **period**: Victorian era
- **notableworks**: _Modern Painters_ 5 vols. (1843–60), _The Seven Lamps of Architecture_ (1849), _The Stones of Venice (book), The Stones of Venice_ 3 vols. (1851–53), _Unto This Last_ (1860, 1862), _Fors Clavigera_ (1871–84), _Praeterita_ 3 vols. (1885–89).
- **spouse**: Effie Gray (1828–1897) (marriage annulment, annulled)
- **signature**: John Ruskin signature 1880.svg
Apatite

**Apatite** is a group of phosphate minerals with high concentrations of OH<sup>−</sup>, F<sup>−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, respectively, in the crystal.

Apatite is characteristic of biological systems. It is one of a few minerals produced and used by biological micro-environmental systems. It hardness defines 5 on the Mohs scale. Hydroxyapatite is the main component of tooth enamel and bone mineral.

Much bone material is in a relatively rare form of apatite. In this form most of the OH groups are absent, and there are many carbonate and acid phosphate substitutions.

**Fluorapatite** (or fluoroapatite) is more resistant to acid attack than is hydroxyapatite. In the mid-20th century it was discovered that communities whose water supply naturally contained fluorine anions had lower rates of dental caries.  Fluoridated water allows exchange in the teeth of fluorine ions for hydroxyl groups in apatite. Similarly, toothpaste often includes a source of fluoride (e.g. sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate).

## Infobox (mineral)

- **name**: Apatite group
- **category**: Phosphate mineral
- **image**: Apatite09.jpg
- **formula**: Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(F,Cl,OH)
- **strunz**: 08.BN.05
- **color**: transparency (optics), Transparent to translucent, usually green, less often colorless, yellow, blue to violet, pink, brown.
- **habit**: Tabular, prismatic crystals, massive, compact or granular
- **system**: Hexagonal (crystal system), Hexagonal dipyramidal (6/m)
- **cleavage**: [0001] indistinct, [1010] indistinct
- **fracture**: Conchoidal to uneven
- **mohs**: 5 (defining mineral)
- **luster**: Vitreous to subresinous
- **polish**: Vitreous
- **refractive**: 1.634–1.638 (+0.012, −0.006)
- **opticalprop**: Double refractive, uniaxial negative
- **birefringence**: 0.002–0.008
- **dispersion**: 0.013
- **pleochroism**: _Blue stones_ – strong, blue and yellow to colorless. Other colors are weak to very weak.
- **fluorescence**: _Yellow stones_ – purplish-pink, which is stronger in long wave; _blue stones_ – blue to light-blue in both long and short wave; _green stones_ – greenish-yellow, which is stronger in long wave; _violet stones_ – greenish-yellow in long wave, light-purple in short wave.
- **streak**: White
- **gravity**: 3.16–3.22
- **diaphaneity**: Transparent to translucent
Diana Serra Cary

**Diana Serra Cary** (born **Peggy-Jean Montgomery**; October 29, 1918 – February 24, 2020), known as **Baby Peggy**, was an American silent movie actress, author, and historian. Cary was one of the last surviving actors from the silent movie era. She retired in 1938. She then wrote books about her career.

Cary was born on October 26, 1918 in Merced, California. She studied at Lawlor Professional School and at Fairfax High School. She was raised in San Diego, California.

Cary was married to Gordon Ayres from 1938 until they divorced in 1948. Then she was married to Bob Cary from 1954 until his death in 2001. She has one son, Mark Cary.

Cary died on February 24, 2020 in Gustine, California at the age of 101.

## Other websites

- An interview with Baby Peggy
- Baby Peggy at Virtual History

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Baby Peggy
- **image**: Diana Serra Cary - Jun 1922 EH.jpg
- **caption**: Baby Peggy in 1922.
- **birth name**: Peggy-Jean Montgomery
- **birth place**: Merced, California
- **death place**: Gustine, California
- **occupation**: Silent Film Actor
- **years active**: 1921-1938
Marie Osborne

**Marie Osborne Yeats** (born **Helen Alice Myres**; November 5, 1911 – November 11, 2010), was an American actress, credited as **Baby Marie** between 1914 and 1919.

Osborne was born on November 5, 1911 in Denver, Colorado. She was raised in Long Beach, California. Osborne was married to Frank J. Dempsey from 1931 until they divorced in 1936. They had one daughter, Joan. Then she was married to Murray F. Yates from 1945 until his death in 1975. Osborne died on November 11, 2010 in her home in San Clemente, California from natural causes, aged 99.

## Other websites

- NitrateVille Obituary
- Baby Marie Osborne 1999 profile
- Literature on Baby Marie Osborne
- 2005 biography of Baby Marie Osborne
- Marie Osborne Yeats at Find A Grave

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Baby Marie Osborne
- **image**: Marie Osborne, child silent film actress (SAYRE 7907).jpg
- **birth name**: Helen Alice Myres
- **birth place**: Denver, Colorado
- **death place**: San Clemente, California
- **death cause**: Natural Causes
- **resting place**: Mission San Luis Rey Cemetery
- **occupation**: Silent Film Actress
- **years active**: 1916-1944
Jean Darling

**Jean Darling** (born **Dorothy Jean LeVake**; August 23, 1922 – September 4, 2015) was an American silent movie actress, singer, and writer. She was been in many movies when she was a child. She was one of the last surviving actors from the silent movie area.

Darling was born on August 23, 1922 in Santa Monica, California. She was married to Reuben Bowen from 1954 until his death in 1980. They have a son, Roy Bowen. Darling lived in Dublin, Ireland where she writes many books about her career. She died on September 4, 2015 at her son's house in Rodgau, Germany at the age of 93.

## Other websites

- Her Website
Lupita Tovar

**Lupita Tovar** (July 27, 1910 – November 12, 2016) was a Mexican-American silent movie actress. She was known for her role in the 1931 Spanish version of _Dracula_.

## Personal life

Tovar was born on July 27, 1910 in Matías Romero, Oaxaca, Mexico. She began acting and was raised in Mexico City, Mexico. Tovar was married to Paul Kohner from 1932 until his death in 1988. They had a daughter, Susan Kohner.

### Death

Tovar died on November 12, 2016 at her home in Los Angeles, California of heart disease, aged 106.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Lupita Tovar Argentinean Magazine AD.jpg
- **name**: Lupita Tovar
- **birthname**: María de Guadalupe Tovar
- **birth place**: Matías Romero
Oaxaca, Mexico
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, United States
- **children**: Susan Kohner
- **yearsactive**: 1929–45
- **spouse**: (his death)
Carla Laemmle

**Rebecca Isabelle** "**Carla**" **Laemmle** (October 20, 1909 – June 12, 2014) was an American silent movie actress. She was one of the last surviving and oldest actors from the silent movie era. Her best known roles was in _Dracula_ (1931). She retired in 2012 at the age of 103. She was the niece of Carl Laemmle.

Laemmle was born on October 20, 1909 in Chicago, Illinois. She was of German Jewish ancestry.

Laemmle died from natural causes on June 12, 2014 in Los Angeles, California, aged 104.
Dear John (movie)

***Dear John*** is a 2010 American war drama movie set in Charleston, South Carolina. It stars Channing Tatum and Amanda Seyfried. The movie is about a soldier who falls in love with a college student called Savannah Lynn Curtis.

It is based on the novel of the same name.
Theodore Taylor

**Theodore Taylor** (June 23, 1921 – October 26, 2006) was an American author and singer. He wrote more than 50 books, but is mostly known for his Edgar Award-winning book _The Weirdo_ and _The Cay_.

Taylor was born on June 23, 1921 in Statesville, North Carolina. He was never married and had no children. Taylor died on October 26, 2006 in his home in Laguna Beach, California from a heart attack, aged 85.

## Other websites

- Theodore Taylor's website
- Stewart, Jocelyn. (2006, October 28). "Theodore Taylor, 85; wrote 'The Cay' and other novels for the young." _The Los Angeles Times_

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Theodore Taylor
- **birth place**: Statesville, North Carolina, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Laguna Beach, California, United States, U.S.
- **occupation**: Writer/ singer
Kunani

**Kunani** () is a city in Kohdasht County, Lorestan, Iran. There were 3,746 people living here in 2006.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Kunani
- **native name**: كوناني
- **settlement type**: city
- **pushpin map**: Iran
- **mapsize**: 150px
- **subdivision type**: List of countries, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Iran, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Lorestan Province, Lorestan
- **subdivision type2**: Counties of Iran, County
- **subdivision name2**: Kuhdasht County, Kuhdasht
- **subdivision type3**: Bakhsh
- **subdivision name3**: Kunani District, Kunani
- **population as of**: 2006
- **population total**: 3746
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Iran Standard Time, IRST
- **utc offset**: +3:30
- **timezone dst**: Iran Daylight Time, IRDT
- **utc offset dst**: +4:30
Dazed and Confused

***Dazed and Confused*** is a 1993 American comedy movie. It is about the lives of teenagers during their last days of high school in May 1976 in Austin, Texas. Milla Jovovich plays Michelle. Parker Posey plays Darla Marks. This movie was released on September 24, 1993 in the United States. It made only $7.9 million, though reviews were extremely positive thanks to its cult status.
Will.i.am

**William Adams** (born March 15, 1975), known professionally as **will.i.am** (pronounced "Will-I-am"), is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, actor, record producer, entrepreneur and futurist. He is best known as a founding and lead member of the musical group Black Eyed Peas.

As a solo artist, will.i.am has released four solo albums. His first album _Lost Change_, was released in 2001 through Atlantic Records. His second album, _Must B 21_, was released on September 23, 2003. The track "Go!" was regularly used as the theme for _NBA Live 2005_ and _Madden NFL 2005_. The third album, _Songs About Girls_, was released on September 25, 2007. He released his fourth studio album, _#willpower_, in 2013.

As a record producer, will.i.am has produced music with other artists. In collaborations and with the Black Eyed Peas, he has a total of 41 top-40 entries on the UK Singles Chart since 1998, and has sold 9.4 million singles in the UK.

As an entrepreneur will.i.am founded FYI.Ai that has created experiences like Sound Drive that turns every driver into a remixer of music by simply driving. Mercedes Benz launched Sound Drive FYI.Ai also created FYI RAiDiO a Ai radio product that enables millions of listeners to engage and talk to the broadcast at the same time via the Ai Host/ DJ.
At CES 2025 LG announced their partnership with will.i.am and will be launch FYI RAiDiO in their XBOOM speakers by will.i.am. On March 13th 2025 Mercedes Benz will be the first to market. On March 11th 2025 at SXSW QualcommAnnounced their partnership with FYI.Ai

## Infobox (person)

- **child**: yes
- **relatives**: Lynn Cain (uncle)


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: will.i.am
- **image**: Will.i.am in 2018.jpg
- **caption**: will.i.am in 2018
- **birth name**: William Adams
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **years active**: 1988–present
- **background**: solo_singer
- **current member of**: Black Eyed Peas
Rachel Portman

**Rachel Mary Berkeley Portman**, OBE (born 11 December 1960) is a English composer, best known for composing music for movies. She was the first woman to win the Academy Award for Best Original Score

## Movie Music

- _Privileged_ (1982)
- _Reflections_ (1984)
- _Last Day of Summer_ (1984)
- _Four Days in July_ (1985)
- _Sharma and Beyond_ (1986)
- _Good as Gold_ (1986)
- _A Little Princess_ (1986)
- _1914 All Out_ (1987)
- _The Short and Curlies_ (1987)
- _The Falklands War: The Untold Story_ (1987)
- _90 Degrees South_ (1987)
- _The Storyteller_ (1988) TV Series
- _Loving Hazel_ (1988)
- _Sometime in August_ (1988)
- _The Woman in Black_ (1989)
- _Young Charlie Chaplin_ (1989)
- _Monster Maker_ (1989)
- _Living with Dinosaurs_ (1989)
- _Precious Bane_ (1989) (TV)
- _Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit_ (1990)
- _Shoot to Kill_ (1990)
- _Life Is Sweet_ (1990)
- _The Storyteller: Greek Myths_ (1990)
- _The Widowmaker_ (1990)
- _Where Angels Fear to Tread_ (1991)
- _Antonia and Jane_ (1991)
- _Flea Bites_ (1991) (TV)
- _Used People_ (1992)
- _Mr. Wakefield's Crusade_ (1992) (TV)
- _Rebecca's Daughters_ (1992)
- _The Cloning of Joanna May_ (1992)
- _Friends_ (1993)
- _The Joy Luck Club_ (1993)
- _Benny & Joon_ (1993)
- _Ethan Frome_ (1993)
- _Great Moments in Aviation_ (1993)
- _The Road to Wellville_ (1994)
- _Only You_ (1994)
- _Sirens_ (1994)
- _War of the Buttons_ (1994)
- _To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar_ (1995)

- _Palookaville_ (1995)
- _Smoke_ (1995)
- _A Pyromaniac's Love Story_ (1995)
- _Marvin's Room_ (1996)
- _Emma_ (1996) (Won the Academy Award for Best Musical or Comedy Score)
- _The Adventures of Pinocchio_ (1996)
- _Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas_ (1997)
- _Addicted to Love_ (1997)
- _Beloved_ (1998)
- _Home Fries_ (1998)
- _The Cider House Rules_ (1999)
- _Ratcatcher_ (1999)
- _The Other Sister_ (1999)
- _Chocolat_ (2000)
- _The Legend of Bagger Vance_ (2000)
- _The Closer You Get :)_ (2000)
- _The Emperor's New Clothes_ (2001)
- _Nicholas Nickleby_ (2002)
- _The Truth About Charlie_ (2002)
- _Hart's War_ (2002)
- _Mona Lisa Smile_ (2003)
- _The Human Stain_ (2003)
- _The Manchurian Candidate_ (2004)
- _Lard_ (2004)
- _Oliver Twist_ (2005)
- _Define Normal_ (2005)
- _Because of Winn-Dixie_ (2005)
- _Infamous_ (2006)
- _The Lake House_ (2006)
- _H2Hope: The Water Diviner's Tale (Musical, BBC Prom 57)_ (2007)
- _Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2_ (2008)
- _The Duchess_ (2008)
- _Grey Gardens_ (2009)
- _Never Let Me Go_ (2010)
- _Snow Flower and the Secret Fan_ (2010)
- _I Don't Know How She Does It_ (2011; rejected score)
- _One Day_ (2011)
- _Bel Ami_ (2011; shared scoring credit with Lakshman Joseph De Saram)
- _The Vow_ (2012; some of the film also scored by Michael Brook)
- _Private Peaceful_ (2012)
- _Still Life_ (2013)
- _Untitled Diablo Cody Project_ (sometimes called _Lamb of God_) (2013)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rachel Portman
- **birthname**: Rachel Mary Berkeley Portman
- **caption**: Rachel Portman, December 2008
- **birth place**: Haslemere, England
- **children**: 3 daughters
Conserved sequence

**Conserved sequences** are similar or identical sequences which occur in DNA, and cause sequences in RNA, proteins and carbohydrates.

These sequences occur across species. This shows that the sequences has been maintained in evolution despite speciation. The further back up the phylogenetic tree a particular conserved sequence occurs, the more highly conserved it is. Since sequence information is normally transmitted from parents to progeny by genes, a conserved sequence implies that there is a **conserved gene**.

Conservation of a sequence happens when mutations in a highly conserved region lead to non-viable life forms, that is, a form which is eliminated through natural selection. In other words, the product of the gene is vital to life, and its function is destroyed by almost all changes (mutations) to the sequence.

## Conserved nucleic acid sequences

The basic theory, widely agreed, is that highly conserved DNA sequences must have functional value, though the role for many of these highly conserved non-coding DNA sequences is not known. One recent study that eliminated four highly conserved non-coding DNA sequences in mice yielded viable mice with no significant phenotypic differences; the authors described their findings as "unexpected". So there is clearly something here which is not understood.

Many regions of the DNA, including highly conserved DNA sequences, consist of repeated sequence elements. If only one of a set of a repeated sequences was removed, and the repetitions were not needed, then no difference would be seen in the mice. The paper did not report whether the eliminated sequences were repeated sequences.

## Conserved protein sequences and structures

Highly conserved proteins are often required for cells to work or divide.  Conservation of protein sequences is shown by the presence of identical amino acid residues at analogous parts of proteins.  Conservation of protein structures is indicated by the presence of functionally equivalent, though not necessarily identical, amino acid residues and structures between analogous parts of proteins.

Shown below is an amino acid sequence alignment between two human zinc finger proteins. Conserved amino acid sequences are marked by strings of **** on the third line of the sequence alignment. As can be seen from this alignment, these two proteins contain a number of conserved amino acid sequences (represented by identical letters aligned between the two sequences).

## Comparative genomics

The research field which studies the evolution and function of multigene families is called **comparative genomics**.
FAMAS

The **FAMAS** (**F**usil d**'A**ssaut de la **M**anufacture d**'A**rmes de **S**aint-Étienne, in English "Assault Rifle from the Saint-Étienne Weapon Factory") is a bullpup-styled assault rifle designed and manufactured in France. It's the main assault rifle of the French Army, French Air Force, and French Navy since 1980. It was also sold for export.

Designed in 1973 FAMAS uses a 5.56mm NATO (.223) caliber cartridge. Muzzle velocity is between 925m/s and 960m/s following variants.

### Civil

- **FAMAS "civil"**, built between 1982 and 1992 for security and protection companies.

### Military

- **FAMAS F1**, built between 1979 and 1992 for French militaries.
    - **FAMAS Commando**, variant of F1 specially designed for special forces, shorter than original.
    - **FAMAS Export**, variant of F1 specially designed for foreign customers.
- **FAMAS G1**, alternatively transition built in 1995 to prepare for the arrival of French troops in the G2.
- **FAMAS G2**, new generation more light, and using special weapons.
    - **FAMAS FELIN**, variant of G2 specially designed for urban fights and close sniping .

## Gouvernemental users

Militaries and polices of that countries uses FAMAS.
Sabbath (disambiguation)

**Sabbath** is a weekly day of rest or worship in Islam, Judaism, and Christianity:
- Shabbat in Judaism
- Sabbath in Christianity
- Jumu'ah in Islam

It might also mean:
- Witches' Sabbath
- Black Sabbath, a musical group
    - _Black Sabbath_ (album), one of their albums
    - "Black Sabbath" (song), a song from the album
Substitution reaction

In chemistry, a **substitution reaction** happens when an atom or a group of atoms is replaced by a different one. Substitution reactions can be of many different types.

In organic chemistry, the main ones are nucleophilic substitution and electrophilic substitution. These take their names from electrophiles and nucleophiles. However, substitution reactions can also happen under other conditions. For example, photochemical reactions (reactions that use light instead of heat) are used to put halogens in a molecule. Another example is using free radicals. Choosing the correct solvent and temperature conditions is very important to make sure that the reaction happens. Sometimes an elimination reaction can happen instead.

The product of a substitution reaction is often called a substituted molecule. For example, phenol can be called a substituted benzene.
Joey Lauren Adams

**Joey Lauren Adams** (born January 9, 1968) is an American actress. She acts mostly in movies. She has a strong raspy voice. She acted in the comedies _Chasing Amy_ (1997) and _Mallrats_ (1995).

Adams was born in North Little Rock, Arkansas.
The American President

***The American President*** is a 1995 romance-comedy movie. It was released in November 1995. The story is about political subjects and romance. Annette Bening and Michael Douglas play the main characters. Martin Sheen and Michael J. Fox also star. This romance-comedy grossed near $108 million in the box office, which was only a modest success, though it remained a favorite for cable and home video. The reviews on this were very positive. Rob Reiner directed the movie.
Daniel Geale

**Daniel Geale** (born 26 February 1981) is an Australian professional boxer. He won the Ocean Mastership and the Commonwealth Games.

He started to box as a pro in 2004. He won the International Boxing Organization title in 2007 against Gary Comer. He defended the title five times after he lost it against Anthony Mundine. After he won against the opponent middelweight champion Roman Karmazin, he fought against Sebastian Sylvester, who defended the International Boxing Federation title. Geale won the fight and combined the International Boxing Federation title and the World Boxing Association title after a fight against Felix Sturm. After that, he defended his title against Anthony Mundine, who had beaten him in 2009. He is the reigning Champion of the World Boxing Association (WBA) and the International Boxing Federation (IBF).

## Infobox (boxer)

- **image**: DANIEL_GEALE.jpg
- **caption**: Geale (left) in December 2010
- **name**: Daniel Geale
- **realname**: Daniel Geale
- **nickname**: Real Deal
- **weight**: Middleweight
- **nationality**: Australian
- **birth place**: Launceston, Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- **style**: Orthodox
- **total**: 30
- **wins**: 29
- **losses**: 1
- **draws**: 0
- **no contests**: 0
- **ko**: 15
Empress of Japan

**Japanese empresses** or **Empress of Japan** means a .  The term also mean the wife of the Emperor, or .

The wife of Naruhito is Empress Masako. She became the current Empress of Japan when her husband accepted his role as emperor.

## Empresses regnant

There were eight female monarchs.  In other words, there were six female emperors including two who reigned twice.

- Empress Jingū r. 206–269 —legendary/mythical; removed from the list of emperors in the 19th century
- Empress Suiko (554–628), r. 593–628—first ruling empress
- Empress Kōgyoku (594–661), r. 642–645—formerly Princess Takara (Empress Consort of Jomei)
- Empress Saimei (594–661), r. 655–661 (same person as Empress Kōgyoku)
- Empress Jitō (645–702), r. 690–697
- Empress Gemmei (661–721), r. 707–715
- Empress Genshō (680–748), r. 715–724—formerly Princess Hidaka
- Empress Kōken (718–770), r. 749–758
- Empress Shōtoku (718–770), r. 764–770 (same person as Empress Kōken)
- Empress Meishō (1624–1696), r. 1629–1643
- Empress Go-Sakuramachi (1740–1813), r. 1762–1771—most recent ruling empress

## Empresses consort

The wife of an Japanese emperor is called empress in English, but her title in Japanese is a little different.

_Kōgō_ is the title of a non-reigning empress consort.  The title, still in use, is generally conferred on an emperor's wife who had given birth to the heir to the throne.  The title was first awarded posthumously in 806 to the late mother of Emperor Heizei.

_Chūgū_ was a term which evolved during the Heian period; and it came to be understood as the title of the empress.  For a time, _chūgū_ replaced _kōgō_; and then the titles became interchangeable.

The numbers of _kōgō_ varied, but there was only one _Chūgū_ at a time.

The title _kōtaigō_ was given to the wife of an ex-emperor; and the title _tai-kōtaigō_ came to be used by a dowager empress.

## Related pages

- Imperial House of Japan
Centre Pompidou

**Centre Georges Pompidou** is an art museum in Paris. It opened in 1977, and is named after Georges Pompidou, a former President of France. It houses the largest museum for modern art in Europe.

## Other websites

- Official website
Swedish House Mafia

**Swedish House Mafia** is a Swedish electronic dance music trio. It was made up of three people: Axwell, Steve Angello and Sebastian Ingrosso. They are all DJs and producers. The band was formed in 2008.

Over the years, Swedish House Mafia published two albums and six singles. All of these have been very successful worldwide. Five of their singles reached the top ten in the UK music charts. They have worked with many other artists, like Tinie Tempah.

In 2012 the band said on their website that they would split up at the end of their 2012-2013 tour. The tour, named "One Last Tour," ended at the Ultra Music Festival in Miami, Florida. Their opening and closing sets were on March 15 and March 24, 2013.

They came back together to play on Tomorrowland on July 26, 2024

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Swedish House Mafia
- **background**: group_or_band
- **image**: Swedish house mafia 2.jpg
- **image size**: 225px
- **caption**: From left to right: Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, Steve Angello in 2011
- **origin**: Stockholm, Sweden
- **years active**: 2005–2013, 2018 - present
- **past members**: Axwell
Steve Angello
Sebastian Ingrosso
Rude Boy

"**Rude Boy**" is a hit single sung by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna. It was released in November 2009, and it was released as a single on February 9, 2010. The song is from her fourth studio album, _Rated R_ (2009). It combines dancehall and reggae. The song received mixed reviews. It spent five weeks at number one on _Billboard_ Hot 100 in the United States.  It also topped charts in Australia and Israel.  It reached number two in the UK and number seven on the Canadian Hot 100.  It peaked within the top ten of most international charts.  Rihanna has most recently performed the song on her Anti World Tour.

On June 30, 2015, the Recording Industry Association of America certified the song quintuple-platinum for shipments and streams of over five million copies of the song across the US.

## Music video

The music video for the song has received over 449 million views as of March 2018.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Rude Boy
- **border**: no
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Rihanna
- **album**: Rated R (Rihanna album), Rated R
- **recorded**: 2009; Metropolis Group, Metropolis Studios;
(London, England)
- **prev title**: Wait Your Turn
- **prev year**: 2009
- **next title**: Rockstar 101
- **next year**: 2010
Applebee's

**Applebee's** is an American food company that develops, franchises and operates **Applebee's Neighborhood Bar & Grill**. There are over two thousand restaurants all across the United States, Puerto Rico and several outside countries. The concept of this company represents casual dining. Their food includes salads, shrimp, chicken, pasta, barbecue ribs and fish. The company is centered in Kansas City, Missouri. It was put into operation on November 19, 1980.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Applebee's
- **type**: subsidiary, Wholly owned subsidiary
- **industry**: Restaurants
- **genre**: Casual dining
- **foundation**: Decatur, Georgia, U.S. ()
- **founder**: Bill Palmer, TJ Palmer
- **location**: Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.
- **locations**: 2,003 (2013)
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **key people**: Julia Stewart (businesswoman), Julia Stewart, CEO of DineEquity, Inc.
Mike Archer, President
- **revenue**: US$2.52 billion (2006)
- **operating income**: US$130.78 million (2006)
- **net income**: US$80.91 million (2006)
- **assets**: United States dollar, US$935.4 million (_2006_)
- **equity**: United States dollar, US$486.65 million (_2006_)
- **num employees**: 28,000 (2013)
- **parent**: DineEquity, DineEquity, Inc.
- **homepage**: [http://www.applebees.com/en/ applebees.com]
Empress Michiko

, formerly  , is the wife of Japan's Emperor Emeritus Akihito.

## Early life

Michiko Shōda was born at University of Tokyo Hospital in Tokyo.  She is the eldest daughter of Hidesaburo Shōda and Fumiko Soejima, president and later honorary chairman of Nisshin Flour Milling Company.

In 1957, she earned a BA degree at the University of the Sacred Heart, Tokyo.

## Marriage

Shōda married Crown Prince Akihito in 1959.
When she married, she became Crown Princess Michiko.  She became Empress Michiko in 1989 when her husband became Emperor.

Empress Michiko is the mother of two sons and a daughter.

## Titles and Styles

20 October 1934-10 April 1959: Miss Michiko Shoda

10 April 1959-7 January 1989: Her Imperial Highness The Crown Princess or Her Imperial Highness The Crown Princess Michiko

7 January 1989-30 April 2019: Her Majesty The Empress of Japan

1 May 2019-present Her Majesty The Empress Emerita

## Family

|Name|Birth|Marriage|Children||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Naruhito, Emperor of Japan|23 February 1960|9 June 1993|Masako Owada|Princess Toshi|
|Fumihito, Prince Akishino|30 November 1965|29 June 1990|Kiko Kawashima|Princess Mako of Akishino Princess Kako of Akishino Prince Hisahito of Akishino|
|Sayako, Princess Nori|18 April 1969|15 November 2005|Yoshiki Kuroda||

## Health

In August 2019, it was revealed that she was diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer in July 2019. Empress Michiko had cancer surgery in September of the year.

## Related pages

- Japanese empresses
- Emperor of Japan
- Imperial Household Agency

## Other websites

- Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress at Kunaicho.go.jp
- "Empress Michiko turns 77, and is feeling her age" at Asahi.com

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Michiko
- **image**: EmpressMichikoOfJapan.jpg
- **title**: Empress Emerita of Japan
- **caption**: The Empress wearing the Order of the Precious Crown
- **consort**: yes
- **succession**: Empress of Japan, Empress consort of Japan
- **reign**: 7 January 1989 –
- **coronation**: 12 November 1990
- **cor-type**: Japan
- **house**: Imperial House of Japan (by marriage)
- **father**: Hidesaburō Shōda
- **mother**: Fumiko Soejima
- **birth place**: University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo City, Tokyo Prefecture, Empire of Japan, Japan
- **religion**: Shinto
Grappling

**Grappling** is making a move on an opponent in a martial art, combat or combat sport which does not involve striking or the use of a weapon. Some sports like sumo, wrestling or judo are solely about grappling.
Saint Joseph's University

**Saint Joseph's University** is a Jesuit university in Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1851.

## Other websites

- SJU Website
Ignatius of Loyola

**Saint Ignatius of Loyola** (1491-1556) was a Spanish man.  He started the Jesuit order in Catholicism. He is also known for his Spiritual Exercises.

## Other websites

- Catholic encyclopaedia on Ignatius

## Related pages

- Aloysius Gonzaga
Aud Tuten

**Audley Kendrick Tuten** (January 14, 1915 – May 7, 1994) was an American-born Canadian professional ice hockey player that played 39 games in the NHL for the Chicago Black Hawks.

Tuten also played with the Hershey B'ars/Bears of the EHL for 4 seasons as well as the Baltimore Orioles from the EHL for 1 season. He went on to play for both the Kansas City Greyhounds and Kansas City Americans of the AHA for 1 season each. He entered the NHL and played with the Black Hawks for 5 games before rejoining the Americans. He joined the Black Hawks again and played 34 games with them. He left the Black Hawks and went on to join the Minneapolis Millers of the USHL for 4 games, the Fort Worth Rangers of the USHL for 2 games and the Kansas City Pla-Mors of the USHL for 10 games before ending his playing career with Los Angeles-S.D. of the PCHL. He died on May 7, 1994.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Defenceman
- **shot**: Left
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 10
- **weight lb**: 180
- **played for**: Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
- **birth place**: Enterprise, Alabama, Enterprise, Alabama, United States, U.S.
- **death place**: Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Swift Current, Saskatchewan
- **career start**: 1934
- **career end**: 1948
Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers

***Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers*** is a 1995 American horror movie. This was the first movie of Paul Rudd and the last movie of Donald Pleasence The movie was dedicated in his memory. The movie was directed by Joe Chappelle and produced by Moustapha Akkad. The movie was released on September 29, 1995.

## About

The movie is about Michael Myers trying to kill the baby of his niece, who he just killed in the beginning. Dr. Samuel Loomis comes out of retirement to save Tommy Doyle and Kara Strode. The main villain of the movie was Dr. Terence Wynn who was the leader of an evil group. At the end of the movie Michael Myers escapes when he switched clothes with Dr. Wynn. Dr. Loomis was touched by Dr. Wynn and became the new leader of the group. This ending was in the producer's cut of the movie.

## Cast

- Donald Pleasence as Dr. Loomis
- Paul Rudd as Tommy Doyle
- Marianne Hagan as Kara Strode
- Mitchell Ryan as Dr. Terence Wynn
- J. C. Brandy as Jamie Lloyd
- George P. Wilbur as Michael Myers
Münchausen syndrome

**Münchausen syndrome** (pronounced "MUNCH-house-in") is a mental illness in which a person repeatedly fakes being ill to get attention or sympathy from others. The illnesses being faked can be physical and/or psychological.

## Overview

Münchausen syndrome sometimes called **factitious disorder imposed on self**, **hospital addiction syndrome**, **thick chart syndrome,** or **hospital hopper syndrome**.

## Related mental illnesses

A related mental illness is Münchausen syndrome by proxy. People with this condition abuse another person, usually a child, in order to get sympathy or attention for themselves.  For example, a parent might make their own child sick in order to get attention and sympathy from friends and medical professionals.

## Symptoms

People with Münchausen syndrome exaggerate or create symptoms of mental or physical illness. Some people with Münchausen make up detailed stories about medical problems they have had, or they may fake symptoms. However, others may harm themselves in many different ways in order to make it seem like they are sick.

For instance, they might take laxatives to make it seem like they have diarrhea, or take blood-thinning medications to cause bleeding. They might inject themselves with bacteria so that they get an infection. They might cut or burn themselves in order to create wounds. Sometimes, after getting medical treatment, people with Münchausen also do things to slow down or prevent their recovery - for example, by ripping out stitches.

The goal of this behavior is to get treatment, attention, sympathy or comfort from medical professionals. For someone with Münchausen, being a patient feels familiar and comfortable. This meets a deep psychological need that the person has.

## Risk factors

There are several risk factors for Münchausen (things which make it more likely for a person to develop the condition). Münchausen is more common in people who:

- Have low self esteem
- Have a personality disorder
- Had a serious illness during childhood
- Wanted to work in a medical job, but failed
- Went through some kind of trauma during childhood
- Did not have their emotional needs met during childhood, because a parent or caregiver had a physical or mental illness

## Types

A few different types of Münchausen syndrome have been identified, which include:

- Arrythmogenic Münchausen, in which people fake or cause themselves to have cardiac arrythmia (where the heart beats in ways that are not normal)
- Münchausen by Internet, in which people fake illness in online chat rooms and support groups in order to get sympathy and attention from other Internet users
The Weeping Woman

***The Weeping Woman*** is an iconic painting. It was painted by Pablo Picasso. It is an oil painting done on canvas. Picasso painted this after his break-up with his mistress, Dora Maar. After the breakup he always said she was weeping there for creating the term of "Weeping Woman". Pablo Picasso used his skill for geometric shapes and design in the painting. You can see multiple dimensions in this picture. Made in 1937 it shows how old  Pablo Picasso would be now, though also how experienced he was then, being born in 1881. The level of experience it would take to be capable of such a level of geometric art work is surprisingly high considering there have been so many artists over the eras who have mastered it.
Larry Zeidel

**Lazarus "Larry, Rock" Zeidel** (June 1, 1928 – June 17, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played 5 seasons in the NHL as well as 12 seasons in the AHL.

Zeidel started his hockey career with the Barrie Flyers of the OHA for 28 games and then moved on to play with the Quebec Aces of the QSHL for 3 seasons. After that he played with the Saskatoon Quakers of the WCSHL and then the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL for 19 games before being sent to their AHL affiliate, Indianapolis Capitals for a season. He was called up to the Red Wings and played 9 games with them before he joined the Edmonton Flyers of the WHL and played 1 season with them. He played joined the Chicago Black Hawks of the NHL for 1 season and rejoined the Edmonton Flyers for 1 season. He would then play in the AHL with the Hershey Bears for 8 seasons and the Cleveland Barons for 1 season. He returned to the WHL to play with the Seattle Totems for 2 seasons and joined the Barons again for 2 seasons. He ended his playing career after playing with the Philadelphia Flyers for 2 seasons.

He won the Stanley Cup in 1952 during his time with the Detroit Red Wings.

Zeidel was Jewish and because of this antisemitic remarks were said to him during his playing career. His grandparents were killed in concentration camps by Nazis.

Zeidel suffered from dementia during his last years. He died in Pennsylvania from heart failure and renal failure, aged 86. After his death, doctors diagnosed that Zeidel had been suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **played for**: Detroit Red Wings
Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
Philadelphia Flyers
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 0
- **weight lb**: 185
- **birth place**: Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada, CAN
- **death place**: Pennsylvania, United States, USA
- **career start**: 1951
- **career end**: 1969
Charlie Brooker

**Charlton** "**Charlie**" **Brooker** (born 3 March 1971) is a British humourist, journalist, television presenter, screenwriter and producer. He is widely known for creating the Channel 4/Netflix science fiction series _Black Mirror_ (2011–present). He has appeared in panel shows such as _Have I Got News For You_. He has also hosted his own programmes such as _Screenwipe_ and _You Have Been Watching_. In 2017, he won two Primetime Emmy Awards for the _Black Mirror_ episode "San Junipero".

Brooker was born in Reading, Berkshire and grew up in Oxfordshire. He is married to television presenter Konnie Huq. They have two children.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Charlie Brooker
- **image**: Charlie Brooker.jpg
- **caption**: Brooker in March 2011
- **birth name**: Charlton Brooker
- **occupation**: Screenwriter, producer, presenter
- **years active**: 1998–present
- **children**: 2
Guru Dutt

**Vasanth Kumar Shivashankar Padukone** (9 July 1925 – 10 October 1964), known by many as **Guru Dutt**, was an Indian movie director, producer and actor.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Guru Dutt
- **image**: Guru Dutt crop.jpeg
- **caption**: Guru Dutt (1955)
- **birth name**: Vasanth Kumar Shivashankar Padukone
- **birth date**: 9 July 1925
- **birth place**: Bangalore, British Raj, British India
- **death place**: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- **yearsactive**: 1944–1964
- **occupation**: Actor, movie producer, movie director, choreographer
- **spouse**: Geeta Dutt
Symbolism

**Symbolism** is the practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing things with a symbolic meaning or character. A symbol is an object, action, or idea that stands for something other than itself, often of a more abstract nature. Symbolism creates quality aspects that make literature like poetry and novels more meaningful.

## Related pages

- Symbolism (art) deals with symbolism in visual art.
- Metaphor in language use.