juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Silverwing (novel)

***Silverwing*** is a best-selling novel, written by Kenneth Oppel and published in Simon & Schuster. It follows the journey for a group of silver-haired bats. The tone and artistic honor for bestsellers were compared to _Watership Down_. The four novels became part of the series. The first book was adapted into an animated television miniseries on Teletoon and Jetix. It was also released on DVD.

## Story

The series has four novels for the series, including the original one, _Sunwing_, _Firewing_ and _Darkwing_.

Long ago, the rest of the animals banished the bats for not taking sides in the great war. Years later, the bats often roam outside at night to avoid the sun (the backstory inspired by Aesop's fable). When Shade breaks the law for the colony, the owls destroy their home, forcing the bats to migrate. Shade befriends Marina and learns an echo projection from Zephyr. Shade and Marina meet Goth and Throbb, two cannibal bats (Vampyrum spectrum) who were captured from South America and escaped from the laboratory. After Shade and Marina reunite with the colony, the bats resolve conflicts with the animals. After finding Cassiel, the owls allow the bats to roam outside anytime. Shade's son, Griffin, travels to the underworld, along with his friend Luna. After Shade sacrifices himself to foil the plan of Cama Zotz (a bat god opposing Nocturna), Griffin and Luna return home.

## Characters

**Shade Silverwing**: A silver-haired bat who uses echo projection.

**Marina Brightwing**: A red bat living in the island.

**Chinook**: The son of Plato and Isis.

**Frieda**: A wise bat making decisions and having a silver band. She later dies in _Sunwing_.

**Ariel**: Shade's mother and Cassiel's mate.

**Goth**: One of the cannibal bats living in the jungle and the servant of Cama Zotz and Nocturna, the goddesses of bats.

**Throbb**: Goth's brother-in-law who is killed by a thunderstorm in the novel.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Silverwing
- **author**: Kenneth Oppel
- **country**: Canada
- **language**: English
- **series**: _Silverwing (series), Silverwing_ series
- **published**: 1997 (HarperCollins)
- **pages**: 255
- **isbn**: 0-00-648144-2
- **oclc**: 35977345
- **followed by**: Sunwing
Drive-through

A **drive-through** or **drive-thru** is a way of achieving quick service, particularly at restaurants. There are also drive-throughs at other places, such as banks or coffee shops.

## Examples

- Alcohol at a drive-through liquor store
- Banking services at a drive-through bank
- Coffee at a drive-through coffee shop
- Dairy products at a drive-through dairy store (notably the Skinner Dairy shops of North-East Florida)
- Drugs at a drive-through pharmacy
- Food or drink at a drive-through restaurant (typically fast food)
- Marriage (primarily at special drive-through marriage chapels in Las Vegas in the United States)
MADtv

***MADtv*** was a television show that aired on FOX from October 14, 1995 to May 16, 2009. It is a comedic show where they perform sketches, improv and songs. It is rated TV-14 because of profane language and sexual substances. It was on air for fourteen seasons. It showed at 23:00/22:00 central.

It has been nominated for Emmy Awards, Image Awards and Young Artist Awards.

On November 12, 2008, it was announced that their 14th season is the last season. In July 26, 2016, MADtv come back until September 27, 2016.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Logo of MADtv.png
- **runtime**: 45–48 minutes
- **creator**: Fax Bahr
Adam Small
- **starring**: see List of MADtv cast members
- **director**: Bruce Leddy
David Grossman
Amanda Bearse
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **company**: Quincy Jones - David Salzman Entertainment Inc. (entire run)
Bahr/Small Productions (Season 1-3 only)
Klasky Csupo (Spy vs. Spy animated cartoon shorts)
Rough Draft Studios (Spy vs. Spy animation services)
DC Comics
- **network**: Fox Broadcasting Company, Fox (1995 – 2009)
The CW (2016)
- **num episodes**: 329 (plus 1 special)
- **num seasons**: 15
Barnim

**Barnim** is a district in Brandenburg, Germany.

## History

The district was made in 1993 by joining the old districts of Bernau and Eberswalde.

The district is in the same place as the area of forest where noblemen started hunting in the 13th century, but is smaller than the old region.

## Towns and municipalities

|width=33% align=left|Amt-free towns|width=33% align=left|Ämter|width=33% align=left||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||# Bernau bei Berlin # Eberswalde # Werneuchen **Amt-free municipalities** # Ahrensfelde # Panketal # Schorfheide # Wandlitz||**1.** Biesenthal-Barnim # Biesenthal<sup>1, 2</sup> # Breydin # Marienwerder # Melchow # Rüdnitz # Sydower Fließ **2.** Britz-Chorin # Britz<sup>1</sup> # Chorin # Hohenfinow # Niederfinow||**3.** Joachimsthal (Schorfheide) # Althüttendorf # Friedrichswalde # Joachimsthal<sup>1, 2</sup> # Ziethen **4.** Oderberg # Hohensaaten # Liepe # Lunow-Stolzenhagen # Oderberg<sup>1, 2</sup> # Parsteinsee|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Amt; <sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website  (German)

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Barnim
- **image coa**: DEU Landkreis Barnim COA.svg
- **image flag**: DEU Barnim Flag.svg
- **state**: Brandenburg
- **capital**: Eberswalde
- **kreisschlüssel**: 12060
- **area**: 1,494
- **population**: 174,355
- **population as of**: Jun 30, 2004
- **density**: 117
- **carsign**: BAR
- **url**: http://www.barumlive.de
- **map**: brandenburg_bar.png
- **latd**: 52
- **latm**: 36
- **lats**: 09
- **latns**: N
- **longd**: 13
- **longm**: 31
- **longs**: 20
- **longew**: E
Dahme-Spreewald

**Dahme-Spreewald** is a district in Brandenburg, Germany.

## History

The Spreewald region has always been a centre of Sorbian culture.

When the state of Brandenburg was newly founded in 1990, the districts of Lübben, Luckau and Königs Wusterhausen were formed. In 1993 the three districts were merged.

## Towns and municipalities

|width=33% align=left|Amt-free towns|width=33% align=left|Ämter|width=33% align=left||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||# Königs Wusterhausen # Lübben (Spreewald) # Luckau # Mittenwalde **Amt-free municipalities** # Bestensee # Eichwalde # Heideblick # Heidesee # Märkische Heide # Schönefeld # Schulzendorf # Wildau # Zeuthen||**1.** Golßener Land # Drahnsdorf # Golßen<sup>1, 2</sup> # Kasel-Golzig # Steinreich **2.** Lieberose/Oberspreewald # Alt Zauche-Wußwerk # Byhleguhre-Byhlen # Jamlitz # Lieberose<sup>1, 2</sup> # Neu Zauche # Schwielochsee # Spreewaldheide # Straupitz||**3.** Schenkenländchen # Groß Köris # Halbe # Märkisch Buchholz<sup>2</sup> # Münchehofe # Schwerin # Teupitz<sup>1, 2</sup> **4.** Unterspreewald # Bersteland # Krausnick-Groß Wasserburg # Rietzneuendorf-Staakow # Schlepzig # Schönwald<sup>1</sup> # Unterspreewald|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Amt; <sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website
- Spreewald touristical website
- Spreewald Biosphere Reserve

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Dahme-Spreewald
- **image coa**: Wappen Landkreis Dahme-Spreewald.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge Dahme-Spreewald.svg
- **state**: Brandenburg
- **capital**: Lübben (Spreewald)
- **kreisschlüssel**: 12061
- **area**: 2,261
- **population**: 160,266
- **population as of**: June 30, 2004
- **density**: 71
- **carsign**: LDS
- **url**: [http://www.dahme-spreewald.de dahme-spreewald.de]
- **map**: brandenburg_lds.png
- **latd**: 52
- **longd**: 2
Elbe-Elster

**Elbe-Elster** is a _Kreis_ (district) in the southern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

## History

The district was established in 1993 by merging the former districts (_Kreise_) of Finsterwalde, Bad Liebenwerda and Herzberg.

## Geography

The district is named after two rivers: The Elbe river forms the western border with Saxony. The Schwarze Elster ("Black Elster") is a tributary of the Elbe and runs through the district. The district is part of the Lusatia region. The fens along the Black Elster are a habitat of several rare animals, like kingfishers, beavers and otters.

## Towns and municipalities

|width=33% align=left|Amt-free towns|width=33% align=left|Ämter|width=33% align=left||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||# Bad Liebenwerda # Doberlug-Kirchhain # Elsterwerda # Falkenberg/Elster # Finsterwalde # Herzberg (Elster) # Mühlberg # Schönewalde # Sonnewalde # Uebigau-Wahrenbrück **Amt-free municipality** # Röderland||**1.** Elsterland # Heideland # Rückersdorf # Schilda # Schönborn<sup>1</sup> # Tröbitz **2.** Kleine Elster (Niederlausitz) # Crinitz # Lichterfeld-Schacksdorf # Massen-Niederlausitz<sup>1</sup> # Sallgast **3.** Plessa # Gorden-Staupitz # Hohenleipisch # Plessa<sup>1</sup> # Schraden||**4.** Schlieben # Fichtwald # Hohenbucko # Kremitzaue # Lebusa # Schlieben<sup>1, 2</sup> **5.** Schradenland # Gröden<sup>1</sup> # Großthiemig # Hirschfeld # Merzdorf|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Amt; <sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official Website
- Touristic website

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Elbe-Elster
- **image coa**: Wappen des Landkreises Elbe-Elster.svg
- **image flag**: Flagge des Landkreises Elbe-Elster.svg
- **state**: Brandenburg
- **capital**: Herzberg, Brandenburg, Herzberg
- **kreisschlüssel**: 12062
- **area**: 1,889.4
- **population**: 131,161
- **population as of**: 2001
- **density**: 69
- **carsign**: EE
- **url**: [http://www.landkreis-elbe-elster.de landkreis-elbe-elster.de]
- **map**: brandenburg_ee.png
Jennifer Hudson

**Jennifer Kate Hudson** (born September 12, 1981 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American Academy and Grammy Award-winning singer, songwriter, television host, model and actress. She gained fame on _American Idol_. She is the most successful _American Idol_ contestant who did not win.

She went on to star as Effie White in the 2006 motion picture musical _Dreamgirls_. Her awards include an Oscar, a Golden Globe, a BAFTA, and a SAG Award. She is native to Chicago, Illinois. Hudson was engaged to WWE professional wrestler, David Otunga. Hudson and Otunga split up in November 2017.

Hudson worked as a coach on the UK and US versions of _The Voice_ from 2017 to 2019, becoming the first female coach to win The Voice UK.

In 2020, she starred as Aretha Franklin in _Respect_. She currently has a daytime talk show titled "The Jennifer Hudson Show".

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Jennifer Hudson
- **img**: Jennifer Hudson - Chicago Theatre 07.jpg
- **img capt**: Hudson with her Oscar in Chicago, where it was declared "Jennifer Hudson Day", March 6, 2007
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Jennifer Kate Hudson
- **origin**: Chicago, Illinois, United States
- **instrument**: singing, Vocals
- **years active**: 2004–present
- **url**: [http://www.jenniferhudson.com/ www.jenniferhudson.com]
Heinrich Sutermeister

**Heinrich Sutermeister** (born Feuerthalen, 12 August 1910 – died Vaux-sur-Morges, 16 March,  1995) was a Swiss composer.

When he was young he was a student at the main music school in Munich, Germany, where the famous German composer Carl Orff was his teacher. Orff strongly influenced his music. Later he returned to Switzerland, where he lived as a composer.

His most important works are _Romeo und Julia_ and _Die schwarze Spinne (The Black Widow)_. _Romeo und Julia_ has been played the first time in Dresden in 1940, under the famous conductor Karl Böhm. During the following years Sutermeister made operas for the radio and television.

## Works

- _Max und Moritz_, ballet after Wilhelm Busch
- _Die schwarze Spinne_, 'Funkoper' after Jeremias Gotthelf, 1936
- _Romeo und Julia_, opera after William Shakespeare, 1940
- _Die Zauberinsel_, opera after Shakespeare, 1942
- _1. Piano Concerto_, 1943
- _Niobe_, 'Monodram', 1946
- _Capriccio for unaccompanied Clarinet in A_,1946
- _Raskolnikoff_, opera after Fyodor Dostoevsky, 1948
- _Die Alpen_, fantasy on Swiss folksongs, 1948
- _Der rote Stiefel_, opera, 1951
- _2. Piano Concerto_, 1953
- _Missa da Requiem_, 1953
- _1. Cello Concerto_, 1954-55
- _Titus Feuerfuchs oder Die Liebe, Tücke und Perücke_, opera, 1958
- _3. Piano Concerto_, 1961-62
- _Das Gespenst von Canterville_, play with music for television after Oscar Wilde, 1962-63
- _Poème funèbre - En mémoire de Paul Hindemith_ for string orchestra, 1965
- _Omnia ad Unum_, cantata, 1965-66
- _Madame Bovary_, opera after Gustave Flaubert, 1967
- _2. Cello Concerto_, 1971
- _Te Deum_, 1975
- _Clarinet Concerto_, 1975-76
- _Consolatio philosophiae_, 'Scène dramatique', 1979

## Other websites

- Composers Schott-Music: Heinrich Sutermeister
Joseph Fourier

**Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier** (21 March 1768 – 30 May 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist. He is best known for starting the investigation of Fourier series. He used them for work on problems of heat flow. Fourier also helped the discovery of the greenhouse effect, by  suggesting the atmosphere might act as an insulator.

## Life

Fourier was born at Auxerre as the son of a tailor.  He lost both his parents at the age of 9. He then went on to study at the Convent of St Mark.

He joined the military academy in Auxerre. Aged sixteen, he became a teacher. At age 26, he entered the École normale supérieure in Paris. People like Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Gaspard Monge, and Pierre-Simon de Laplace were among his teachers.

He took part in the French Revolution of 1789. During the Reign of Terror he was almost executed at the guillotine, but the death of Robespierre saved him this fate. He later took part in the French campaign in Egypt and Syria.

Later, as a diplomat, he is put in charge of the scientific background of the Institut d'Égypte. On his return, Napoleon put him in charge of the Isère department.

In 1810, Fourier created the university in Grenoble, and becomes its first head. In 1817, Fourier became a Member of the Académie des Sciences. On the death of Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre in 1822 he became head of the mathematics section. In 1826, Fourier was elected to the Académie française.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Joseph Fourier
- **image**: Fourier2.jpg
- **caption**: Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier
- **birth place**: Auxerre, Yonne, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **nationality**: France, French
- **field**: Mathematician, physicist, and historian
- **work institution**: École Normale
 École Polytechnique
- **alma mater**: École Normale
- **known for**: Fourier transform
Greenhouse effect
File server

A **file server** is a computer joined to a web network or to a home network, and that can store many files in the server's storage medium (HDD, SSD, etc.,).

## Characteristics

The file server can be a normal computer, or a Network Attached Storage, which is a special computer created to only be a file server. Often, people recycle their old computer, and they modify it to become a file server which can hold photos, songs, films, and backups. Sometimes web servers that are "hand made" are used as a media center. A media center works by people putting things on the file server (for example, movies) and then watch (or use) the things on the file server, typically on a Television or other viewing device (like how a DVD player or streaming works).

## Related pages

- Server
Adliswil

**Adliswil** is a municipality of the district Horgen in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Adliswil
- **municipality name**: Adliswil
- **municipality type**: town
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Adliswil COA.svg
- **map**: Karte Gemeinde Adliswil.png
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Zürich
- **iso-code-region**: CH-ZH
- **district**: Horgen (district), Horgen
- **postal code**: 8134
- **municipality code**: 0131
- **area**: 7.79
- **elevation**: 435
- **population**: 15594
- **populationof**: December 2006
- **popofyear**: 2006
- **website**: www.adliswil.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Kilchberg, Zürich, Kilchberg, Langnau am Albis, Rüschlikon, Stallikon, Zürich City, Zürich
Aesch, Zürich

**Aesch** is a municipality of the district Dietikon in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Aesch Online Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Aesch
- **municipality name**: Aesch
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Aesch COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Zürich
- **iso-code-region**: CH-ZH
- **district**: Dietikon (district), Dietikon
- **postal code**: 8904
- **municipality code**: 0241
- **area**: 5.24
- **elevation**: 540
- **population**: 982
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.aesch-zh.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Arni, Aargau, Arni (AG), Birmensdorf, Bonstetten, Switzerland, Bonstetten, Islisberg (AG), Oberwil-Lieli (AG), Wettswil am Albis
Aeugst am Albis

**Aeugst am Albis** is a municipality of the district Affoltern in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Aeugst am Albis
- **municipality name**: Aeugst am Albis
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Aeugst am Albis COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Zürich
- **iso-code-region**: CH-ZH
- **district**: Affoltern district, Affoltern
- **postal code**: 8914
- **municipality code**: 0001
- **area**: 7.87
- **elevation**: 696
- **population**: 1606
- **populationof**: 2005
- **website**: www.aeugst-albis.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Affoltern am Albis, Hausen am Albis, Langnau am Albis, Mettmenstetten, Rifferswil, Stallikon
Affoltern am Albis

**Affoltern am Albis** is a municipality of the district Affoltern in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (swiss town)

- **subject name**: Affoltern am Albis
- **municipality name**: Affoltern am Albis
- **municipality type**: municipality
- **imagepath coa**: CHE Affoltern am Albis COA.svg
- **languages**: German
- **canton**: Zürich
- **iso-code-region**: CH-ZH
- **district**: Affoltern (district), Affoltern
- **postal code**: 8910
- **municipality code**: 0002
- **area**: 10.56
- **elevation**: 494
- **population**: 10133
- **populationof**: December 2005
- **popofyear**: 2005
- **website**: www.affoltern-am-albis.ch
- **neighboring municipalities**: Aeugst am Albis, Hedingen, Jonen (AG), Mettmenstetten, Obfelden, Ottenbach, Switzerland, Ottenbach, Stallikon
Gino Severini

**Gino Severini** (7 April 1883 – 26 February 1966), was an Italian painter. He was a founding member of the Futurist movement.

As a young man, he was introduced to Impressionism. This is a type of painting that was popular in the late 1800s. In the early 1900s, he became interested in Cubism. In the 1920s, he started to paint more traditionally and painted a few murals in Switzerland. In the 1940s, he started painting more abstractly again. He died in 1966 in Paris.

## Related pages

- List of Italian painters
Ouida

**Ouida** was the pen name of the English writer **Maria Louise Ramé** (although she preferred to be known as **Marie Louise de la Ramée**).  Ramé was born in Bury St. Edmunds, England, to a French father and an English mother. Her pen name came from the way she pronounced her name when she was a child.

## Bibliography

- _Two Little Wooden Shoes_ (1874)
- _Afternoon_ (1883)
- _An Altruist_ (1897)
- _Ariadne_ (1877)
- _Beatrice Boville and Other Stories_ (1868)
- _Bimbi: Stories for Children_ (1882)
- _Cecil Castlemaine's Gage_ (1867)
- _A Dog of Flanders_ (1872)
- _Chandos _ (1866)
- _Critical Studies_ (1900)
- _Dogs_ (1897)
- _Don Guesaldo_ (1886)
- _Frescoes: Dramatic Sketches_ (1883)
- _Friendship_ (1878)
- _Folle-Farine_  (1871)
- _Guilderoy_ (1889)
- _Helianthus _ (1908)
- _Held in Bondage_ (1863)
- _A House Party_ (1887)
- _The Silver Christ and A Lemon Tree_ (1894)
- _Idalia_ (1867)
- _In a Winter City_ (1876)
- _In Maremma_  (1882)
- _La Strega and Other Stories_ (1899)
- _Le Selve and Other Tales_ (1896)
- _The Massarenes_ (1897)
- _Moths_ (1880)
- _Muriella; or, Le Selve_ (1897)
- _The New Priesthood: A Protest Against Vivisection_ (1893)
- _Othmar_ (1885)
- _Pascarel_ (1874)
- _Pipistrello and Other Stories_ (1880)
- _Princess Napraxine_ (1884)
- _Puck_ (1870)
- _A Rainy June_ (1885)
- _Ruffino and Other Stories_ (1890)
- _Santa Barbara and Other Stories_ (1891)
- _Signa_ (1875)
- _The Silver Christ_ (1894)
- _Strathmore_  (1865)
- _Street Dust and Other Stories_ (1901)
- _Syrlin_ (1890)
- _The Tower of Taddeo_ (1892)
- _Toxin_ (1895)
- _Tricotrin_ (1869)
- _Two Offenders and Other Tales_ (1894)
- _Under Two Flags_  (1867)
- _Views and Opinions_ (1895)
- _A Village Commune_  (1881)
- _Wanda_ (1883)
- _The Waters of Edera_ (1900)

## Other websites

- Works by Ouida at Internet Archive
- Works by Ouida  at The Victorian Women Writers Project

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Maria Louise Ramé
- **image**: Ouida (Maria Louise Ramé).jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **pseudonym**: Ouida
- **birth place**: Bury St. Edmunds, England
- **death place**: Viareggio, Italy
- **occupation**: novelist
- **nationality**: French people, French-English people, English
- **period**: 1863–1908
Théodore Géricault

**Théodore Géricault** (September 26, 1791 – January 26, 1824) was an important French painter, known for _The Raft of the Medusa_ and other paintings. He was one of the people who started the Romantic movement.

Born in Rouen, France, Géricault was schooled in English sporting art by Carle Vernet and in classical figure composition by Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, who saw that he had talent.

His first big work, _The Charging Chasseur_, shown at the Paris Salon in 1812, showed the influence of the style of Rubens and an interest in contemporary topics.
Giada De Laurentiis

**Giada Pamela De Laurentiis** is an Italian-American chef and host for Food Network TV shows. She was born on August 22, 1970. She is the granddaughter of movie director Dino De Laurentiis. She was born in Rome and grew up in Los Angeles.

De Laurentiis studied at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris, France.

On May 25, 2003, she married Todd Thompson. The two had been dating since July 1989. The couple's only child is Jade Marie De Laurentiis-Thompson.  She was born on March 29, 2008. On December 29, 2014, De Laurentiis announced on her website that she and Todd separated in July, and have decided to end their marriage.

In 2008, she won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lifestyle Host.

She is also the voice of "Paulette", a character on the animated children's show _Handy Manny_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Giada De Laurentiis
- **image**: Giada de laurentiis.JPG
- **birth place**: Rome, Italy
- **occupation**: Chef
- **spouse**: Todd Thompson (2003-Present)
- **children**: Jade Marie
- **employer**: Food Network
Space Shuttle Challenger

**Space Shuttle _Challenger_ (OV-099)** was the second space shuttle used by NASA to fly into outer space. The shuttle broke up 73 seconds after take-off from Cape Canaveral on 28 January 1986.
All seven astronauts who were on it at the time were killed. The crash happened because a rubber tube called an o-ring did not expand to fill a gap in one of the booster rockets, due to cold weather.

The Challenger was named after a Royal Navy ship that explored the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans from 1872 to 1876. Challenger was also the name of the Apollo 17 Lunar Excursion Module.

## Crew

- Francis "Dick" Scobee (46)
- Michael John Smith (40)
- Judith Resnik (36)
- Ellison Onizuka (39)
- Ronald McNair (35)
- Gregory Jarvis (41)
- Christa McAuliffe (37), first teacher in space

## Missions

|width="15" style="background:#efefef;"|#|style="background:#efefef;"|Date|style="background:#efefef;"|Designation|style="background:#efefef;"|Launch pad|style="background:#efefef;"|Landing location|style="background:#efefef;"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1|04.April.1983|STS-6|39-A|Edwards Air Force Base|First Shuttle Space Walk|||||||
|2|.18.June.1983|STS-7|39-A|Edwards Air Force Base|First U.S. Woman in Space|||||||
|3|30. August.1983|STS-8|39-A|Edwards Air Force Base|First Night Launch and Landing|||||||
|4|03. February.1984|STS-41-B|39-A|Kennedy Space Center|First KSC Landing|||||||
|5|06.April.1984|STS-41-C|39-A|Edwards Air Force Base|First on-orbit spacecraft repair.|||||||
|6||STS-41-G|39-A||Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, Office of Space and Terrestrial Applications-3.|||||||
|7|29.April.1985|STS-51-B|39-A|Edwards Air Force Base|Spacelab-3|||||||
|8|29. July.1985|STS-51-F|39-A|Edwards Air Force Base|Spacelab-2|||||||
|9|30.October.1985|STS-61-A|39-A|Edwards Air Force Base|D-1 Spacelab Mission (First German Dedicated Spacelab)|||||||
|10|28 January 1986|STS-51-L|39-B|Did not land(Planned to land at Kennedy Space Center)|TDRS-2; SPARTAN-203 Satellites. Shuttle destroyed after liftoff & all seven astronauts on board died.|||||||
New Horizons

***New Horizons*** is a space probe launched by NASA on 19 January 2006, to the dwarf planet Pluto and on an escape trajectory from the Sun. It is the first man-made spacecraft to go to Pluto. Its flight took nine years. It arrived at the Pluto-Charon system on July 14, 2015.  It flew near Pluto and took photographs and measurements while it passed. At about 1 kilobit per second, it took 15 months to transmit them back to Earth.

Instruments include a Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI), a Ralph telescope of 75 mm aperture, an Alice ultraviolet imaging spectrometer, a Particle Spectrometer Suite to study solar wind and particles, a student dust counter (VBSDC), and a Radio Science Experiment (REX).

The primary mission of _New Horizons_ is to study Pluto and its system of moons. The secondary mission is to study any objects in the Kuiper Belt, if something became available for a flyby.

The space probe set the record for the fastest man-made object ever launched, with the Earth-relative speed of about 16.26 km/s, although, arguably, the Helios probes got a faster Sun-relative speed. It used a gravity assist from Jupiter to get its high speeds without having to burn as much monopropellant (weak rocket fuel) as needed to fly directly to Pluto.

On January 1, 2019 the probe flew by 486958 Arrokoth<sub>,</sub> a small Kuiper Belt object also called 2014 MU<sub>69</sub>  and nicknamed "Ultima Thule". Propellant is now scarce, but a target for a third flyby might be found. It will continue to report about its environment.

The _New Horizons_ spacecraft is the 5th spacecraft to go faster than the escape velocity of the solar system. On April 17, 2021, it passed a distance of 50 AU from the Sun.
Simlish

**Simlish** is a made-up language spoken in the _Sims_ video games.  It was created because changing the Sims' words into the players' language would cost a lot of money and would make the Sims say the same words all the time.  Simlish is spoken by Sims, the characters in _The Sims_, _The Sims 2_, _The Sims 3_ and _The Sims 4_. Simlish is a language

## Sentences in Simlish

All of these phrases are from _The Sims_.
- Male Sims speaking - "Homina blastima."
- Female Sims speaking - "Enama polap."
- Child Sims speaking - "Sizzaza Za", and "The sungoos keekaf terweek."
- Female Sims playing arcade games - "Itwack, itcack."
- Adult Sims speaking on the telephone - "A beboo."
- Child Sims getting on a bus - "Yabba doochia."
- Adult male Sims saying goodbye - "Mal-Mal."

## Written Simlish

Written Simlish is seen on _The Sims 2_, _The Sims 3_, and ‘‘The Sims 4’’. It looks similar to Zodiac symbols taken from the Wingdings font on a computer.  Text such as the names of Sims, hints and tips and on-screen messages are all in the selected language (i.e. English, French, Spanish), and are usually written in the Comic Sans MS font.

## Speaking Simlish

|Simlish|English|
| --- | --- |
|Sul Sul|Hello|
|Ragen Plaga|I want to sleep|
|Urr rahh|Oh yeah|
|Myshuno|A game|
|NooBoo|Baby|
|Soon Soon|Bye bye|
|Araganda|Move away|
|Vadish|Thank you|

## Other websites

- _The Sims_ official website

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Simlish
- **nativename**: Simlish
- **region**: The Sims Game
- **speakers**: Sims from The Sims game
- **fam1**: Constructed languages
- **fam2**: Artistic languages
- **fam3**: Fictional languages
- **creator**: Will Wright (game designer), Will Wright
- **iso3**: none
- **image**: Simlish.svg
- **imagecaption**: Written Simlish that can be read as "Simlish"
- **notice**: IPA
Antonio Tejero

**Antonio Tejero Molina** (April 30, 1932 – February 25, 2026) was a Lieutenant Colonel in the Civil Guard (). He was born in Alhaurín el Grande, Malaga, Spain.

## Failed coup

On 23 February 1981, he stormed into the Spanish Parliament building with 150 military and Civil Guard officers, and held the Spanish government hostage During that time, Spain was going from dictatorship to democracy. Tejero did not want democracy and wanted Spain to stay in the dictatorship.

His coup failed thanks to King Juan Carlos I. Tejero thought the King would support him because the King had been  trained by Spain's old dictator, Francisco Franco.  Instead King Juan Carlos I went on television dressed in his uniform as commander-in-chief of the Spanish Army and said the coup was wrong.  The coup soon stopped, and Spanish television had pictures of the coup leaders trying to escape by climbing out of the windows of the parliament building.

He was held in jail until 3 December 1996.

## Death

Tajero died on 25 February 2026 at his home in Alzira, Spain at the age of 93.
Conanthera

**Conanthera** is a genus of 3-4 species of small Chilean bulbous plants with small panicles of blue, purple or white and purple flowers. The plant reproduces by offsets or seed.

## Other websites

- Pacific Bulb Society
Fátima, Portugal

**Fátima** () is a city in Portugal. It is famous for the religious visions that took place there in 1917. The town itself has a population of 10,302 (2001). It is in the municipality of Ourém, in the Centro Region and sub region of Medio Tejo. It is in the district of Santarém and included in the urban agglomeration of Leiria, in central Portugal,  south of Porto and  north of Lisbon.

## Related pages

- Our Lady of Fatima

## Other websites

- Sanctuary of Fátima
- Pilgrims of Fátima

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Fátima
- **image skyline**: Fátima, Portugal.jpg
- **imagesize**: 300px
- **image flag**: Flag of Fatima.svg
- **image shield**: Coat of Arms Fatima.svg
- **pushpin map**: Portugal
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Portugal
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: Portugal
- **subdivision type1**: Districts of Portugal, District
- **subdivision name1**: Santarém (district), Santarém
- **subdivision type2**: Municipalities of Portugal, Municipality
- **subdivision name2**: Ourém
- **subdivision type3**: Freguesia, Parishes
- **subdivision name3**: 1
- **area total km2**: 71.29
- **population as of**: 2001
- **population total**: 10302
- **population density km2**: 144
- **timezone**: Greenwich Mean Time, GMT
- **utc offset**: 0
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 2495
- **website**: http://www.freguesiadefatima.pt
Bodyguard

A **bodyguard** is a security guard who physically protects a person against injury. Very often, important people, like heads of state, religious leaders (i.e. the Pope), actors, and powerful or rich people have bodyguards.
Mehmet Ali Ağca

**Mehmet Ali Ağca** (born January 9, 1958) is a Turkish criminal. He is known for shooting and wounding Pope John Paul II on May 13, 1981. For this assassination attempt, he served 19 years of his life sentence in prison in Italy for attempted murder. In 2000, he was extradicted to Turkey, where he was convicted of two robberies he committed in 1979. He was sentenced to seven years four months for the robberies, and continued serving his sentence for the murder of Abdi İpekçi (1929-1979), a left-wing journalist whom he shot. Ağca has described himself as a mercenary with no political orientation. He has made many different claims about the shooting of the Pope. He used to be a member of the Turkish ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves organization. He was released on January 18, 2010 and diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.
Bayonet

A **bayonet** (from French _baïonnette_) is a knife- or dagger-shaped weapon. It is designed to be attached to a rifle barrel or similar weapon. This will turn the gun into a spear. It is a close-combat or last-resort weapon.

## Bayonet charge

18th and 19th century military tactics included the use of a bayonet fixed on the infantryman's musket. These were used with massed troop formations. One of the more notable of these was the _bayonet charge_. This was an attack by a formation of infantrymen with fixed bayonets, usually over short distances. It was to overrun enemy strong points, capture artillery batteries, or break up enemy troop formations.

With the use of the bayonet, the pike was no longer used because infantry could now defend themselves from cavalry without sacrificing firepower per man. The Russian Army used the bayonet frequently during the Napoleonic wars. A Russian saying coined by Russian General Alexander Suvorov was "The bullet is foolish, the bayonet wise". Given Russia's often poorly trained armies and inaccurate smoothbore muskets, Russian officers preferred to use the bayonet charge instead of musket volley fire where possible.
Marcel Lefebvre

**Marcel-François Lefebvre** (29 November 1905 – 25 March 1991), better known as **Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre**, was a French Roman Catholic bishop. For a long time, he worked as a missionary in Africa with the Holy Ghost Fathers. After returning, he started to be against the changes within the Church. These changes were introduced after the Second Vatican Council.

In 1970, Lefebvre founded the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX), which is still the world's largest Traditionalist Catholic priestly society. In 1988, Lefebvre made four new bishops to continue his work with the SSPX. He took this step against the orders of Pope John Paul II. Because of this, the Holy See announced the following day that he had been excommunicated from the Catholic Church. Those who supported Lefebvre think, this declaration was not valid.

Lefebvre died from cancer on 25 March 1991 at the age of 85 in Martigny, Switzerland.
Second Vatican Council

The **Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican**, or **Vatican II**, was the twenty-first Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. An Ecumenical Council is a meeting of the bishops of the Church to discuss matters of Church doctrine and practice. Pope John XXIII started Vatican II in 1962 and it lasted until 1965, when Pope Paul VI ended it. Four future popes took part in the council's opening session: Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini, who on succeeding Pope John XXIII took the name of Paul VI; Bishop Albino Luciani, the future Pope John Paul I; Bishop Karol Wojtyła, who became Pope John Paul II. Father Joseph Ratzinger, who was only 35 at the time, was there as a theological consultant. More than forty years later, he became Pope Benedict XVI.

Different things were discussed. These aimed at modernising the church, and opening a dialogue with other religions. Many people see these meetings as the most important event in the Catholic Church in the 20th century. They let Mass be said in different languages, instead of just Latin.

## Other websites

- Documents of the council, at the Website of the Vatican
Veronica Guerin

**Veronica Guerin** (5 July 1959 - 26 June 1996) was an Irish journalist who was born in Dublin.

## Death

On June 26, 1996, Guerin was shot to death by Irish drug dealers. Her assassination made many Irish people angry, which brought down many drug dealers on the island. The criminal John Gilligan was later convicted of her murder and sentenced to 28 years in prison, though Gilligan said in High Court that it was his friend John Traynor who murdered Guerin.
Umayyad Mosque

The **Grand Mosque of Damascus**, also known as the **Umayyad Mosque** (Arabic: جامع بني أمية الكبير, transl. _Ğām' Banī 'Umayyah al-Kabīr_), is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world.It is in one of the holiest sites in the old city of Damascus. It is also very important because of its architecture.

The mosque holds a shrine which is said to contain the head of John the Baptist (Yahya), honored as a prophet by Muslims and Christians alike. The head was supposedly found during the excavations for the building of the mosque. The tomb of Saladin stands in a small garden adjoining the north wall of the mosque.

In 2001, Pope John Paul II visited the mosque, primarily to visit the relics of John the Baptist. It was the first time a pope paid a visit to a mosque.
Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria

The **Orthodox Church of Alexandria** () is one of the Eastern Orthodox Churches.
It is sometimes called the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria to distinguish it from the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. In Egypt, members of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate were also known as Melkite, because they remained in communion with the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople after the schism that followed the Council of Chalcedon in 451.
Lourdes

**Lourdes** () is a town and commune in the southwest of the Hautes-Pyrénées department. It is in the first Pyrenean foothills in the Occitanie region, in southwestern France.

Lourdes was originally a small unremarkable market town lying in the foothills of the Pyrenees. At that time the most prominent feature was the fortified castle which rises up from the centre of the town on a rock. Following the claims that there were apparitions of Our Lady of Lourdes to Bernadette Soubirous in 1858, Lourdes has developed into a major place of Christian pilgrimage.

Today Lourdes has a population of around 15,000 inhabitants but is able to take in some 5,000,000 pilgrims and tourists every season. Lourdes has the second greatest number of hotels in France after Paris with about 270 establishments.

It is the joint seat of the diocese of Tarbes-et-Lourdes.

## Geography

Lourdes is overlooked from the south by the Pyrenean peaks of Aneto, Montaigu, and Vignemale (3,298m), while around the town there are three summits reaching up to 1,000 m, which are known as the Béout, the Petit Jer and the Grand Jer.

It has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

## Population

The inhabitants of Lourdes are known, in French, as _Lourdais_ (women: _Lourdaises_).

Lourdes has a population, in 2014, of 14,361, and its population density is of  inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

## Related pages

- Arrondissement of Argelès-Gazost
- Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department

## Other websites

- La Ville de Lourdes website
- Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes
- Lourdes tourism website

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Lourdes
- **commune status**: Communes of France, commune
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Lourdes (65).svg
- **image**: Lourdes city.jpg
- **caption**: Lourdes with the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes, Sanctuary of Our Lady
- **arrondissement**: Argelès-Gazost
- **canton**: Lourdes-1 and
Lourdes-2
- **intercommunality**: Le Pays de Lourdes
- **mayor**: Josette Bourdeu
- **term**: 2014-2020
- **elevation m**: 652
- **elevation min m**: 343
- **elevation max m**: 960
- **area km2**: 36.94
- **population demonym**: Lourdais
- **population**: 13846
- **population date**: 2014
- **insee**: 65286
- **postal code**: 65100
- **website**: [http://www.lourdes.fr www.lourdes.fr]
Palindromic prime

A **palindromical prime number** is a prime number that reads the same when reversed.

Palindromical prime numbers include:

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 101, 131, 151, 181, 191, 313, 353, 373, 383, 727, 757, 787, 797, 919, 929, 10301, 10501, 10601, 11311, 11411, 12421, 12721, 12821, 13331, 13831, 13931, 14341, 14741, 15451, 15551, 16061, 16361, 16561, 16661, 17471, 17971, 18181, 18481, 19391, 19891, and 19991.

Out of the above list, 2 is the only number that is not an odd number. Almost all palindromic numbers are composite, for any base.

11 is the only palindromic prime with an even number of digits because all palindromic numbers with an even number of digits can be divided by 11, which means they are not primes.

The palindromic prime numbers have an infinite number, one of them can be created based on Smarandache function, and, etc. The known biggest palindromic prime so far is

- 10<sup>1888529</sup> - 10<sup>944264</sup> - 1.
with 1,888,529 digits, found on 18 October 2021 by Propper and Batalov.

## Related pages

- Palindrome
- List of prime numbers
Shrine

A **shrine** is a holy or sacred place with something important inside it, such as the tomb or relic of a religious person. Shrines are built in the surroundings of the grave of pious men. These are built to show respect and love for the one who died. People visit the shrines to pray for themselves and also for the dead. Shrines are common in Muslim countries. However other countries also have shrines; in Japan, Shinto 'Jinja' are called shrines in English.

Originally, the word "shrine" referred to a reliquary, usually made of gold or silver and was used to store relics.

The most famous type of shrines are the Buddhist shrines
Embargo

An **embargo** is when a government refuses to trade with a country or a certain part of a country. This is usually because of a political problem inside the country. It differs from a blockade in not requiring a state of war or obliging other countries to stop trading.

As with other economic sanctions, an embargo stops trade between countries. This means that the countries in question will get poorer.  The hope is that the problem within the country will stop.
Supreme Governor of the Church of England

**The Supreme Governor of the Church of England** is a title which British Monarchs have to show their leadership over the Church of England. The title was first granted to Queen Elizabeth I after she passed the Act of Supremacy, which required all officials in the Church of England to state an oath of allegiance to her.
Havelland

**Havelland** is a district in Brandenburg, Germany.

## History

The district was established in 1993 by joining the old districts of Nauen and Rathenow.

Havelland is the name for the regions on the banks of the Havel river between the city of Berlin and the Elbe river. This region also includes the cities of Brandenburg and Potsdam, that are not part of the district. The Havelland district mainly consists of the areas north of the Havel river.

## Towns and municipalities

|width=33% align=left|Amt-free towns|width=33% align=left|Ämter|width=33% align=left||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||#Falkensee #Ketzin #Nauen #Premnitz #Rathenow **Amt-free municipalities** #Brieselang #Dallgow-Döberitz #Milower Land #Schönwalde-Glien #Wustermark||**1.** Friesack #Friesack<sup>1, 2</sup> #Mühlenberge #Paulinenaue #Pessin #Retzow #Wiesenaue **2.** Nennhausen #Kotzen #Märkisch Luch #Nennhausen<sup>1</sup> #Stechow-Ferchesar||**3.** Rhinow #Gollenberg #Großderschau #Havelaue #Kleßen-Görne #Rhinow<sup>1, 2</sup> #Seeblick|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Amt; <sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website
- Touristical website

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Havelland
- **image flag**: Hissflagge Landkreises Havelland.svg
- **image coa**: DEU Havelland COA.svg
- **state**: Brandenburg
- **capital**: Rathenow
- **kreisschlüssel**: 12063
- **area**: 1717
- **population**: 152,200
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 88
- **carsign**: HVL
- **url**: http://www.havelland.de
- **map**: brandenburg_hvl.png
Knock, County Mayo

**Knock** (_An Cnoc_ in Irish, meaning _The Hill_ – but now more generally known in Irish as _Cnoc Mhuire_, "Hill of (the Virgin) Mary") is a small town in east County Mayo in Ireland. Knock's notability comes from the Knock Shrine Apparition of 1879. At 8:00PM on 21 August 1879, it was reported that the Virgin Mary, together with St Joseph and St John the Evangelist, appeared to local people.

In the 20th century it became one of Europe's major Roman Catholic Marian shrines, alongside Lourdes and Fatima. One and a half million pilgrims visit Knock Shrine annually.  It was visited by Pope John Paul II, a supporter of devotion to the Virgin Mary, in 1979 to commemorate the centenary of the apparition.
Licheń Stary

**Licheń Stary** is a village. 1,200 people live there. It is on the Lichen Lake in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, 15 km north of Konin, Poland. It is often referred to as simply Licheń. Legends trace the name to the ancient Slavic pagan deity Licho, whose sanctuary was allegedly located nearby.

It is the home of the famed Sanctuary of Our Lady of Licheń hosting Our Lady of Sorrows, Queen of Poland.
Märkisch-Oderland

**Märkisch-Oderland** is a _Kreis_ (district) in the eastern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

## Geography

Much of the district is mainly agricultural land, but there is a swampy area along the Oder called the _Oderbruch_. The Oderbruch is about  in length and  in width. It was partially drained in the 18th century, and people started to live in the new area.

## History

The districts of Lebus and Oberbarnim were both created in 1816. In 1952, the districts were split into three parts, the districts Bad Freienwalde, Seelow and Strausberg. In 1993 the three parts were joined to form the current district.

## Towns and municipalities

|width=33% align=left|Amt-free towns|width=33% align=left|Ämter|width=33% align=left||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||# Altlandsberg # Bad Freienwalde # Müncheberg # Seelow # Strausberg # Wriezen **Amt-free municipalities** # Fredersdorf-Vogelsdorf # Hoppegarten # Letschin # Neuenhagen bei Berlin # Petershagen-Eggersdorf # Rüdersdorf bei Berlin||**1.** Barnim-Oderbruch [seat: Wriezen] # Bliesdorf # Neulewin # Neutrebbin # Oderaue # Prötzel # Reichenow-Möglin **2.** Falkenberg-Höhe # Beiersdorf-Freudenberg # Falkenberg<sup>1</sup> # Heckelberg-Brunow # Höhenland **3.** Golzow # Alt Tucheband # Bleyen-Genschmar # Golzow<sup>1</sup> # Küstriner Vorland # Zechin **4.** Lebus # Lebus<sup>1, 2</sup> # Podelzig # Reitwein # Treplin # Zeschdorf||**5.** Märkische Schweiz # Buckow<sup>1, 2</sup> # Garzau-Garzin # Oberbarnim # Rehfelde # Waldsieversdorf **6.** Neuhardenberg # Gusow-Platkow # Märkische Höhe # Neuhardenberg<sup>1</sup> **7.** Seelow-Land [seat: Seelow] # Falkenhagen # Fichtenhöhe # Lietzen # Lindendorf # Vierlinden|
|colspan=3 align=center|<sup>1</sup>seat of the Amt; <sup>2</sup>town|||||

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Merkisch-Oderland
- **image coa**: DEU Maerkisch-Oderland COA.svg
- **image flag**: DEU Maerkisch Oderland Flag.svg
- **state**: Brandenburg
- **capital**: Seelow
- **kreisschlüssel**: 12064
- **area**: 2,127.7
- **population**: 190,179
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 89
- **carsign**: MOL
- **url**: [http://www.maerkisch-oderland.de maerkisch-oderland.de]
- **map**: brandenburg_mol.png
Oberhavel

**Oberhavel** is a _Kreis_ (district) in the northern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

The district was formed  on 6 December 1993 by joining the old districts of Gransee and Oranienburg.

## Towns and municipalities

|width=33% align=left|Towns|width=33% align=left|Ämter|width=33% align=left|free municipalities|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||#Fürstenberg/Havel #Hennigsdorf #Hohen Neuendorf #Kremmen #Liebenwalde #Oranienburg #Velten #Zehdenick||Gransee und Gemeinden #Gransee<sup>1, 2</sup> #Großwoltersdorf #Schönermark #Sonnenberg #Stechlin <sup>1</sup>seat of the Amt; <sup>2</sup>town||#Birkenwerder #Glienicke/Nordbahn #Leegebruch #Löwenberger Land #Mühlenbecker Land #Oberkrämer|

## Other websites

- website

## Infobox (german district)

- **name**: Oberhavel
- **image coa**: DEU Oberhavel COA.svg
- **image flag**: DEU Oberhavel Flag.svg
- **state**: Brandenburg
- **capital**: Oranienburg
- **kreisschlüssel**: 12065
- **area**: 1,795.3
- **population**: 194,802
- **population as of**: 2002
- **density**: 109
- **carsign**: OHV
- **url**: http://www.oberhavel.de
- **map**: brandenburg_ohv.png