juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Adventure movie

**Adventure movies** are a genre of movies. They contain many of the same features of action movies, but are usually set in exotic locations. The main theme is adventure, with the characters often exploring places they have not been before or doing things they have not done before. Common storylines include quests for lost treasure, heroic journeys for the unknown, and jungle or desert settings. Adventure movies are often set in an historical time and may be based on stories of historical or fictional adventure heroes within the historical context. Kings, battles, rebellion or piracy are commonly seen in adventure movies. Adventure movies may also be combined with other movie genres, such as science fiction, fantasy and sometimes war movies.

The adventure movie was most popular in Hollywood during the 1930s and 1940s. Movies such as _Captain Blood_, _The Adventures of Robin Hood_ and _The Mark of Zorro_ were regularly made with major stars, notably Errol Flynn and Tyrone Power, who were closely associated with the genre. In the earliest adventure movies, the main character was usually male. They were portrayed as courageous heroes, facing tyrants or rescuing a beautiful woman in distress.

## Themes

Adventure movies usually emphasise the mystery, romance, adventure, danger, and terror of the unknown. Common settings include a jungle or desert. Classic dangers include ferocious man-eating mammals and reptiles, hostile natives, deadly diseases, lost cities and crumbling temples, torrential rivers, waterfalls, whirlpools, and quicksand bogs, damsels in distress, evil emirs and treacherous tribal chieftains, and despicable white adventurers from the civilized world intent on exploiting the jungle, its animals, treasures, resources, and primitive native peoples.

Adventure movies may crossover into other genres such as war, crime, romance, or horror.

## Examples

Notable examples of jungle adventure movies include _King Kong_ (adventure, romance, horror), _The African Queen_ (romance, adventure), _I Walked with a Zombie_ (romance, horror), Disney's animated _The Jungle Book_ (children's, comedy, musical), _Apocalypse Now_ (war), and the many Bomba movies, and the Tarzan movies and serials. Since the first theatrical releases of jungle movies in the early 20th century, popular interest in the genre has never waned. Comic books, novels, pulp magazines, and television series have stoked the genre's popularity over the decades.
Fernand Léger

**Fernand Léger** (born **Joseph Fernand Henri Léger**, 4 February 1881 – 17 August 1955) was a French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker. In his early works he created a personal form of cubism which he gradually changed into a more popular figurative style. His boldly simplified treatment of modern subject matter made him a forerunner of pop art.

His personal style was called "tubism" because it was influenced by cubism, but used tube-like forms.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: Fernand Léger
- **image**: Fernand Léger.jpg
- **caption**: Fernand Léger photographed by
- **birth place**: Argentan, Orne, French Third Republic, France
- **death place**: Gif-sur-Yvette, French Fourth Republic, France
- **nationality**: French people, French
- **field**: Painting, printmaking and filmmaking
- **movement**: Tubism
Cubism
Modernism
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

The **Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum** (often referred to as **"The Guggenheim"**) is a well-known art museum on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City.  It has a large collection of Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, early Modern and contemporary art.  It also has several special exhibitions during each year.

The museum was started by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1939 as the Museum of Non-Objective Painting, under the guidance of its first director, the artist Hilla von Rebay. The name was changed to honor the founder, Solomon R. Guggenheim, after his death in 1952.

Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, the cylindrical museum building is wider at the top than the bottom. He wanted it to be a "temple of the spirit". The building is one of the 20th century's most important architectural landmarks. The building opened on October 21, 1959, replacing rented spaces used by the museum since 1939.

To design the museum, Wright created more than 700 sketches until the final draft of the project was official. Wright spent 16 years working on the design, but he died before the building was completed. His design created a lot of arguments as many people did not like it. One person said it looked like "an indigestible hot cross bun", and another said it looked like "an inverted oatmeal dish." Some artists thought that the curved walls and ramps would make it impossible to hang their paintings properly.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Gwathmey Siegel Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Renovation and Addition project page
- Architectural Review
- Art of the Motorcycle Exhibit
- New York Academy of Sciences Podcast about _Imageless_ Exhibit
- Happy 50th Birthday, Guggenheim  – slideshow by _Life_ magazine
- 50 Facts on Guggenheim's 50th  – _Daily News_ archives
- The Guggenheim 50th Birthday Party
Robie House

The **Frederick C. Robie House** is a U.S. National Historic Landmark in the Chicago, Illinois neighborhood of Hyde Park at 5757 S. Woodlawn Avenue on the South Side.  It was designed and built between 1908 and 1910 by architect Frank Lloyd Wright and is renowned as the greatest example of the Prairie School style, the first architectural style that was uniquely American.  It was designated a National Historic Landmark on November 27, 1963 and was on the very first National Register of Historic Places list of October 15, 1966.

## Other websites

- Pictures of Robie House
- The Richard Nickel Committee and Photographic Archive Photographer of the Robie House
- Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust website
- Drawings, photos and data pages in the Library of Congress Historic American Buildings Survey)
Humberto Maturana

**Humberto Maturana** (September 14, 1928 – May 6, 2021) was a Chilean biologist and philosopher. He was one of the second-wave systems scientists and cyberneticians. Maturana was born in Santiago, Chile.

Maturana, with Francisco Varela, was known for creating the term autopoiesis about the nature of life. His work has been influential in many fields, mainly the field of systems thinking and cybernetics. Overall, his work is concerned with the biology of cognition.

Maturana died on May 6, 2021 in Santiago from pneumonia at the age of 92.

## Publications

Books, a selection:
- 1980. _Autopoiesis and cognition: the realization of the living_, with Francisco Varela. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science.
- 1984. _The tree of knowledge: biological basis of human understanding_, with Francisco Varela. Revised edition 1992.
- 1990. _Biology of cognition and epistemology_. Universidad de la Frontera. Temuco, Chile.
- 1992 _Conversations with Humberto Maturana: questions to biologist psychotherapist_, with K. Ludewig.  Universidad de la Frontera. Temuco, Chile.
- 1994. _Reflections and conversations_, with Kurt Ludewig. Collection Family Institute. FUPALI Ed. Cordova.
- 1994. _Democracy is a work of art_. Collection Roundtable. Linotype Ed Bogota Bolivar y Cia.
- 1997 _Objectivity: an argument to force_. Santiago de Chile: Dolmen.
- 1997 _Machines and living things: autopoiese to do organização vivo_. With Francisco Varela Porto Alegre: Medical Arts.
- 2004. _From being to doing: the origins of the biology of cognition_, with Bernhard Poerksen.
- 2009. _The Origins of humanness in the biology of love_, with Gerda Verden-Zoller and Pille Brunnel.
- 2004. _From biology to psychology_.
- 2009. _Sense of humanity_.
Spring Green, Wisconsin

**Spring Green** is a village in Sauk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,566 at the 2020 census. The village is located within the Town of Spring Green. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright lived in Spring Green, Wisconsin.

## Other websites

- Village of Spring Green
- Spring Green Community Library
Baldwin V, Count of Flanders

**Baldwin V of Flanders** (1012–1067), known as **Baldwin de Lille** or **Baldwin de Insulanus**, was a French nobleman and the Count of Flanders. He ruled from 1035 to his death and was one of the most powerful counts in France at the time.

## Early career

He was the son of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders, and his first wife, Ogive of Luxembourg. She was a daughter of Frederick of Luxembourg.

In 1028, Baldwin married Adèle of France, the daughter of King Robert II of France. At her instigation, he rebelled against his father, Baldwin IV, but in 1030, they were reconciled. When his father died in 1035 Baldwin succeeded him.

## Count of Flanders

While Eustace I, Count of Boulogne, had usually been at odds with Baldwin IV, he and Baldwin V had friendly relations. They signed each other's charters and worked together several times. Eustace I signed three of Baldwin's charters, which limited the power of advocates.

Flanders under Baldwin V did not have very good relations with England. Baldwin gave refuge to England's exiles and even gave them ships and men at times. He protected Queen Emma from 1036 to 1040 as well as her two sons: Alfred and Harthacnut. When Earl Godwin, Earl of Wessex, and his family were exiled by Edward the Confessor in 1051 to 1052, Baldwin welcomed them and helped them to prepare their return to England. In turn. Edward the Confessor positioned his fleet off the coast of Flanders while Baldwin warred with Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor in 1049. The threat caused Baldwin to sue for peace with Henry.

Baldwin V had a great deal of influence, partly because of several marriages between Flanders and England and France and Germany. Baldwin was close to his brother-in-law, Henry I, King of France. From 1060 to 1067. Baldwin was the regent for his nephew Philip I of France. In 1051. Baldwin had coerced Richildis, the widow of Count Herman of Hainault, to marry his son Baldwin VI. That gave him control of Hainault through his son and also led to a series of conflicts between Baldwin V and Emperor Henry III, as Hainault was part of the Holy Roman Empire.

After a series of defeats, Henry III returned to Germany and died a short time later. In 1056. Baldwin received the whole of the Mmarch as a fief from Agnes of Poitou, the regent for her son Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Baldwin's daughter Matilda married William I of England, later King of England. At first, the marriage was banned by Pope Leo IX. He did not give a reason, but it was probably the fact that the two were cousins. Som time between 1050 and 1052, the two married despite the papal ban.

Although Baldwin allowed some Flemish support for his Norman conquest of England. relations between Baldwin and his son-in-law William I were not that friendly. William feared Baldwin's growing power. However, by then, Baldwin was growing old. He died 1 September 1067.

## Family

Baldwin and his wife, Adèle, had three children:

- Baldwin 'de Mons' succeeded his father.
- Matilda (–1083) married William the Conqueror and was Queen Consort of England.
- Robert 'le Frison' (–1093) was Count of Flanders; Count of Holland.
Francisco Varela

**Francisco Javier Varela García** (September 7, 1946 – May 28, 2001) was a Chilean biologist, philosopher, and neuroscientist.

Varela was, with his teacher Humberto Maturana, best known for introducing the concept of autopoiesis to biology, and for co-founding the Mind and Life Institute to promote dialog between science and Buddhism.

## Publications

Varela wrote numerous books and articles:
- 1980 (with Humberto Maturana). _Autopoiesis and cognition: the realization of the living_. Boston: Reidel.
- 1979. _Principles of biological autonomy_. North-Holland.
- 1998 (1987) (with Humberto Maturana). _The tree of knowledge: the biological roots of human understanding_. Boston: Shambhala Press.
- 1991 (with Evan Thompson and Eleanor Rosch). _The Embodied mind: cognitive science and human experience_. MIT Press.
- 1992 (with P. Bourgine) eds. _Towards a practice of autonomous systems: the first European conference on artificial life_. MIT Press.
- 1992 (with J. Hayward) eds. _Gentle bridges: dialogues between the cognitive sciences and the Buddhist tradition_. Boston: Shambhala Press.
- 1993 (with D. Stein) eds. _Thinking about biology: an introduction to theoretical biology_. Addison-Wesley, SFI Series on Complexity.
- 1997 (ed). _Sleeping, dreaming and dying_. Boston: Wisdom Book.
- 1996-99. _Invitation aux sciences cognitives_. Paris: Seuil.
- 1999. _Ethical know-how: action, wisdom and cognition_. Stanford University Press.
- 1999 (with J. Shea), eds. _The view from within: first-person methodologies in the study of consciousness_. London: Imprint Academic.
- 1999 (with J. Petitot, B. Pachoud, and J-M. Roy) eds. _Naturalizing phenomenology: contemporary issues in phenomenology and cognitive science_. Stanford University Press.
Eustace I, Count of Boulogne

**Eustace I**, of Boulogne, was a Frankish nobleman and Count of Boulogne. He held the county of Boulogne from 1042 until his death.

## Career

He was the oldest son of Count Baldwin II of Boulogne and Adelina of Holland. Eustace became count in 1042. Eustace I was also the count of Lens.

During the minority of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders, Eustace's grandfather, Arnulf III, Count of Boulogne, broke free of control by the count of Flanders. Both Eustace's father and Eustace himself remained independent. In 995, having reached his majority, Baldwin IV of Flanders tried to take back several of the independently held castles. He also expanded the Flemish borders. This had caused considerable enmity between Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders and Eustace's father. When Baldwin IV's son Baldwin V succeeded him in 1035 Eustace I and Baldwin V of Flanders cooperated on several ventures including several charters. Eustace also signed charters of Baldwin V which limited the powers of the advocates.

Eustace I was allied to the house of Normandy. This was through the marriage of his son Eustace II to Goda, niece of Richard II. Under Eustace I the counts of Boulogne rose to great prominence in Northern France. He was apparently a patron of Samer Abbey near Calais and he is said to have been buried there. In 1028 Eustace I confirmed the foundation of a college of canons at his castle at Lens  Eustace I died in 1049.

## Family

Eustace I was married to Matilda of Leuven. She was the daughter of Lambert I, Count of Leuven. Together they had:

- Eustace II of Boulogne.
- Godfrey, Bishop of Paris (1061–1095).
- Lambert II, Count of Lens.
- Gerberga, married Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine.
2012 Delhi gang rape

The **2012 Delhi gang rape case** involved a gang rape and murder that happened on 16 December 2012 in Delhi, India. A 23-year-old female physiotherapy intern was beaten and gang raped on a bus that had been stolen by the gang. The woman died from her injuries. Four men were accused. They were found guilty. They received the death penalty. A minor was accused. He was sentenced to three years in prison. Rest of other accused got the death penalty on 20 March 2020.

## Infobox (news event)

- **title**: 2012 Delhi gang rape
- **image**: Silent Protest at India Gate.jpg
- **caption**: Protesters at India Gate in Delhi demanding the government of India, government take action after the gang rape
- **date**: 16 December 2012
- **time**: 9:54 pm Indian Standard Time, IST (UTC+05:30)
- **place**: Delhi, India
- **charges**: Rape, murder, kidnapping, robbery, assault
- **accused**: Ram Singh <small>(reported to have committed suicide by hanging)</small>
Mukesh Saini
Vinay Sharma
Pawan Gupta
Akshay Thakur
an unnamed juvenile
- **reported injuries**: 1 <small>(male victim)</small>
- **reported death(s)**: 1 <small>(female victim)</small> on 29 December 2012
La Cambre Abbey

**La Cambre Abbey** (French: **Abbaye de la Cambre**) is a former abbey in Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium. It is between Bois de la Cambre and the Ixelles Ponds. It was founded in 1201 by a noble woman of Brussels, Gisèle. The abbey church is a Catholic church. The monastery also has the headquarters of the Belgian National Geographic Institute and a visual arts school. It has a small park in the front and a larger one in the back.

## Other websites

- Abbaye de la Cambre  on the Visitbrussels web site
Altered state of consciousness

An **altered state of consciousness** (ASC), or **altered state of mind**, is any condition which is significantly different from a normal waking state. The expression was used in 1966 by Arnold M. Ludwig, and brought into common usage by Charles Tart. It describes induced changes in one's mental state, almost always temporary. A synonymous phrase is "altered state of awareness".

Altered states of consciousness can be associated with artistic creativity, or different focus levels. They also can be shared between people and studied as a subject of sociological research.

## States of consciousness

During an altered state of consciousness, brain waves occupy different frequencies (i.e. Epsilon, Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta, Gamma). These waves can be measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Also, subjective reports and observer reports of behaviour are used to identify the altered state.

## Related pages

- Tonic immobility
Tony! Toni! Toné!

**Tony! Toni! Toné!** are an American rhythm and blues group. They started in Oakland, California. They were very popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Their first record, _Who?_, was released in 1988. Their hit singles included "Little Walter" and "Let's Get Down". They disbanded around 1997, although they returned six years later.

## albums

- Who? (1988)
- The Revival (1990)
- Sons of Soul (1993)
- House of Music (1996)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Tony! Toni! Toné!
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Oakland, California, Oakland, California, U.S.
- **genre**: Contemporary R&B, R&B, Soul music, soul, neo soul, new jack swing
- **years active**: 1988–1997
2003–present
- **label**: Grass Roots Entertainment
Wing Records, Wing, Mercury Records
- **associated acts**: Lucy Pearl, joi (singer), Joi
- **current members**: D'wayne Wiggins
Dyson Tate Riley
Frank Stickemz
- **past members**: Raphael Saadiq
Elijah Baker
Carl Wheeler
Randall Wiggins
Antron Haile
Timothy Christian Riley
Amar Khalil
Autopoiesis

**Autopoiesis** refers to life and other self-organising systems. The word means "self creation or self-production". It refers to a system which can reproduce and sustain itself.

The term was introduced in 1972 by Chilean biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela to define the self-maintaining chemistry of living cells. Since then the concept has also been applied to systems theory and sociology.

## What is life?

Autopoiesis was a modern definition for life, plus any other systems with lifelike properties. To qualify for the name _autopoiesis_ a system would need to show three main features:
1. The production of their own components
1. The correct assembly of these components
1. Continuous repair and maintenance of their own existence.
Roth commented that "In short, organisms are self-reproducing and self-maintaining, or 'autopoietic', systems". This approach makes use of molecular biology ideas and systems science ideas, but it does not refer to the particular way life is organised on Earth. This is because the authors thought it was possible for machines to have those features, and for other types of life to exist.
Aloe

***Aloe*** is a genus of succulent plants, with over 500 species. The best-known of these is probably _Aloe vera_, which is widely cultivated. _Aloe vera_ is probably extinct in the wild.

The species _Aloe vera_ is a great natural moisturizer and can help to soothe dry skin. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to reduce the appearance of blemishes and wrinkles. Plus, _Aloe vera_ is non-irritating and can be used on any type of skin.
Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders

**Baldwin VI of Flanders** (–1070), called **Baldwin de Mons** was a Frankish nobleman.  He was the ruling Count of Hainaut (_jure uxoris_) from 1051 to 1070 (as **Baldwin I**) and succeeded his father as Count of Flanders from 1067 to 1070.

## Career

Baldwin was the oldest son of Baldwin V, Count of Flanders and Adela of France. Adela was a daughter of king Robert II of France. and Constance of Arles. He was also the brother of Matilda of Flanders, Queen consort of England and wife of William the Conqueror, King of England.

His father arranged his marriage, under threat of arms, to Richilde, Countess of Hainaut. She was the widow of Herman of Mons and heiress of Hainaut. Because Hainaut was a part of the Holy Roman Empire this enraged Emperor Henry III who had not been consulted. He went to war against the two Baldwins but was not successful. Between 1050 and 1054 Lambert II, Count of Lens fought alongside the Baldwins against Henry III. He was one of Baldwin V's leading vassals. Lambert was killed at the battle of Lille in 1054. Others fighting for the Counts of Flanders against Henry III included the lords of Alost.

Richilde son Roger, from her first marriage, was thought by her not fit to be the next count of Hainaut. Baldwin and Richilde arranged for him to be the Bishop of Chalons. This allowed her son by her second marriage, Baldwin (II) to become the count of Hainaut. Her daughter by her first husband became a nun. Baldwin acquired the remainder of the county of Hainaut by fiefs and by purchasing allods. Baldwin died 17 Jul 1070. His early death left Flanders and Hainaut in the hands of his young son Arnulf III, with Richilde as regent.

Baldwin rebuilt the monastery of Hasnon and gave gifts of his own properties to support it. He placed monks there and made it his burial place.

## Family

Baldwin and Richilde were the parents of:

- Arnulf III, Count of Flanders (–1071).
- Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut (–1098).
David Frost

**Sir David Paradine Frost** OBE (7 April 1939 – 31 August 2013) was an English journalist, comedian, writer, media personality and daytime TV game show host.

He became famous when he hosted _That Was The Week That Was_ in 1962. This was a political satire in a period of change. During the later part of his career, he became known for his television interviews with senior political figures. One of his interviews included The Nixon Interviews with former United States President Richard Nixon in 1977. These events were later made into a stage play and movie.

Frost was born on 7 April 1939 in Tenterden, Kent, England. He was raised in Gillingham, Kent, Kent. Frost studied at Gillingham Grammar School and at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.

Frost was married to Lynne Frederick from 1981 until they divorced in 1982. He had an 18-year intermittent affair with Carol Lynley. Then he was married to Lady Carina Fitzalan-Howard from 1983 until his death in 2013. He had three sons with Fitzalan-Howard. Diana, Princess of Wales was the godmother of Frost's youngest son. He was once briefly engaged to American actress Diahann Carroll.

Frost died on 31 August 2013 while giving a speech on board the cruise ship MS Queen Elizabeth from a heart attack caused by cardiomyopathy. He was 74 years old.

## Other websites

- BBC News Profile of David Frost
- https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-23920336 Clips of Frost interviews on BBC TV
- TV Cream on Paradine Productions
Battle of Cassel (1071)

The **Battle of Cassel** was fought on 22 February 1071 between Robert the Frisian and his nephew, Arnulf III (son of Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders). The battle was a victory for Robert the Frisian; Arnulf III was killed in the battle. This battle severely weakened the countship of Flanders.

## Events

Arnulf succeeded his father Baldwin in 1070. His mother Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut was his regent. Robert the Frisian, Baldwin VI's brother and Arnulf III's uncle, challenged
Arnulf's succession to Flanders. He began gathering supporters mainly in northern Flanders (where the bulk of Arnulf's forces were located). Arnulf's ranks contained individuals such as Count Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, his son Eustace III, and Godfrey of Bouillon (future king of Jerusalem). Arnulf was also supported by King Philip I of France who knighted Arnulf at the time. His uncle, William the Conqueror sent Arnulf ten Norman knights led by William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford.

Robert's forces attacked Arnulf's larger army before it could organize. Arnulf himself was killed. Also killed in the battle was William FitzOsborn. Captured were Richilde (by Robert's forces) and Robert (by Arnulf III's force). Richilde was exchanged for Robert's freedom. Robert kept the countship of Flanders and ruled a much smaller county until 1093. He gained the friendship of King Philip I of France, by offering him the hand in marriage of his stepdaughter, Bertha of Holland.
Words with Friends

***Words with Friends*** is a multi-player word game by Zynga. Players take turns to place words like crosswords on a board, similar to Scrabble. Up to 30 games can be played at the same time. Notifications are used to tell users when it is their turn. Players can find friends by their username, or by Facebook.

The game was released in July 2009. It can be played across the operating systems operating systems Android, Windows Phone and iOS (iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch).  It can also be played on Facebook, Kindle Fire, and Nook Tablet. In the game is an unreliable chat feature, which allows opponents to send messages to each other. From 2010 to 2011 Words with Friends was one of the top games in the iOS app store. It can be played as a free version with advertisements, or a paid version without ads.

## Gameplay

The rules of the game are essentially the same as Scrabble. Some features are different, such as where bonus tiles are, and the points scored by some letters. Players have 7 randomly picked tiles. These tiles are filled whenever some are played on the board until all of the tiles have been used. Players take turns putting words on the board. If they do not play a word, they can swap tiles with ones not yet used, or pass their turn. Words can be placed up and down, or left and right. Players want to score as many points as they can.

The game ends when a player has no more tiles, and there are no more tiles in the bag. After the last tile is played, the other player will lose points for the total score of their tiles. These points are given to the person who played the final move. The player with the highest score wins.

Players can move their tiles around. They can also reorder them by pressing a button or shaking the device. Players can quit games if they want to. The game has two more features, "tile bag" and "word-o-meter", both can be used for free.

173,000 words can be played. The list of words used is based on the Enhanced North American Benchmark Lexicon (ENABLE).

## Origin

The game was made by brothers David and Paul Bettner. They were the owners of Newtoy Inc. at the time. Zynga acquired Newtoy Inc. in 2010.

## Board game

In 2012, Zynga produced many physical board games of _Words with Friends_ in association with Hasbro. There is a normal version, a "Luxe" version with a board that turns, and a "To Go" travel version

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Words with Friends
- **developer**: Zynga
- **genre**: Word game
- **modes**: Multiplayer video game, Multiplayer online game
- **platforms**: Android (operating system), Android, iOS (Apple), iOS (iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch), Facebook, Kindle Fire, Nook Tablet, Windows Phone, Windows
- **released**: August 2009
Taliesin West

**Taliesin West** was architect Frank Lloyd Wright's winter home and school in the desert from 1937 until his death in 1959 at the age of 91.  Today it is the main campus of the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture and houses the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation.

Open to the public for tours, Taliesin West is located on Frank Lloyd Wright Boulevard in Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.  The complex drew its name from Wright's summer home, Taliesin, in Spring Green, Wisconsin.

## Other websites

- Taliesin West Official Site
- Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation established at Taliesin West
- The Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture , the official website of the school
Frank Lloyd Wright-Prairie School of Architecture Historic District

The **Frank Lloyd Wright/Prairie School of Architecture Historic District** is a residential neighborhood in the village of Oak Park, Illinois. The Frank Lloyd Wright Historic District is both a federally designated historic district listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places and a local historic district within the village of Oak Park.

The districts have differing boundaries and contributing properties, over 80 of which were designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, widely regarded as the greatest American architect to have ever lived.

## Other websites

- Frank Lloyd Wright in Oak Park: Oak Park River Forest Historical Society.
Taliesin (studio)

**Taliesin** (/ˌtæliˈɛsɪn/), sometimes known as **Taliesin East**, **Taliesin Spring Green**, or **Taliesin North** after 1937,  near Spring Green, Wisconsin, was the summer home of American architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright began the building in 1911 after leaving his first wife, Catherine Tobin, and his Oak Park, Illinois, home and studio in 1909.

The impetus behind Wright's departure was his affair with Mamah Borthwick Cheney, who had been his client, along with her husband, Edwin Cheney. His winter home, Taliesin West, is located in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Some of the buildings designed at Taliesin were Fallingwater, the Guggenheim Museum, the Johnson Wax Headquarters, and the first Usonian home, the first Herbert and Katherine Jacobs house, in Madison, Wisconsin (1936).

## Other websites

- The Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Information on the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, his archives, the Taliesin Fellowship, and tours
- The Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture , the official website of the school
- Taliesin Preservation, Inc. Restoration and tours of Taliesin
- http://www.bolender.com/Frank%20Lloyd%20Wright/The_Taliesin_Fellowship_Publication_Volume_1_Number_2_February_1941
American Institute of Architects

The **American Institute of Architects** or the **AIA** is an organization for architects in the United States. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C..

The AIA offers education, government advice, community redevelopment, and public outreach to support the architecture profession and improve its public image. The AIA also works with other members of the design and construction team to help coordinate the building industry.

## Other websites

- American Institute of Architects official website
- American Institute of Architects Records at Syracuse University (60 years of primary source material)
- _Florida Institute of Architects_ Publications Digital Collection', including the American Institute of Architects' Florida Association's _Florida Architect_
Mort Walker

**Addison Morton Walker** (September 3, 1923 – January 27, 2018), popularly known as **Mort Walker**, was an American comic artist. Walker was best known for creating the newspaper comic strips _Beetle Bailey_ in 1950 and _Hi and Lois_ in 1954. He has signed **Addison** to some of his strips.

Walker was born on September 3, 1923 in El Dorado, Kansas. He was raised in Kansas City, Kansas. Walker studied at Northeast High School and at the University of Missouri.

Walker died from complications of pneumonia on January 27, 2018 at his home in Stamford, Connecticut. He was 94 years old.

## Other websites

- Official site
- National Cartoonists Society: Mort Walker
- Mort Walker Papers 1950-1968 at Syracuse University (primary source material)
- Mort Walker Collection  at University of Missouri (primary source material)

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mort Walker
- **image**: Mort Walker 1.jpg
- **birth place**: El Dorado, Kansas, El Dorado, Kansas
- **death place**: Stamford, Connecticut, Stamford, Connecticut
- **nationality**: American
- **signature**: MortWalker.png
- **notable works**: _Beetle Bailey_
_Hi and Lois_
Orson Bean

**Orson Bean** (July 22, 1928 – February 7, 2020) was an American actor. He appeared on televised game shows in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, including being a long-time panelist on the television game show _To Tell the Truth_. He was also known for his role as Roy Bender on _Desperate Housewives_. He was also known for his role as the Mercantile Shop Owner Loren Bray in Dr Quinn "Medicine Woman" which ran for 6 seasons.

## Early life

Bean was born on July 22, 1928 in Burlington, Vermont. He studied at Harvard College and at Cambridge Rindge and Latin School.

## Personal life

Bean was married to Jacqueline deSibour from 1956 until they divorced in 1962. They had one child. Then he was married to Carolyn Maxwell from 1965 until they divorced in 1981. They had three children. Then he was married to Alley Mills from 1993 to 2020.

Bean was hit and killed by two cars in Los Angeles on February 7, 2020 at the age of 91.

## Books

- _Me and the Orgone_ (1972)
- _Too Much Is Not Enough_ (1988)
- _25 Ways to Cook a Mouse for the Gourmet Cat_ (1994)
- _M@il for Mikey_ (2007)

## Recordings

- _At the Hungry i_ (1959 Fantasy UFAN 7009), comedy
- _I Ate the Baloney_ (1969 Columbia CS 9743), comedy

## Other websites

- RootsWeb: Dowling Family Genealogy: Orson BEAN
- Geni: Dallas Frederick Burrows

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Orson Bean
- **image**: Orson Bean 1965.JPG
- **caption**: Bean in 1965
- **birth name**: Dallas Frederick Burrows
- **birth place**: Burlington, Vermont, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **years active**: 1952–2020
- **spouse**: Jacqueline deSibour (1956–1962), 1 child
Carolyn Maxwell (1965–1981),
3 children
Alley Mills (1993–2020)
Charlestown, Rhode Island

**Charlestown** is a coastal town in Washington County in southwestern Rhode Island. It is near Westerly. The town was officially incorporated in 1738. The population was 7,997 at the 2020 Census.
Southern Connecticut State University

The **Southern Connecticut State University** is one of four universities in the U.S. state of Connecticut. The university is in New Haven. It was established in 1893. It is the third oldest campus of the Connecticut State University System.
So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright

**"So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright"** is a song written by Paul Simon that was originally released on Simon & Garfunkel's 1970 album _Bridge over Troubled Water_. It was released on several Simon & Garfunkel compilation albums. It has also been recorded by the London Pops Orchestra and Joe Chindamo trio.

Art Garfunkel said that the origin of the song came from his request that Paul Simon write a song about the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Simon has stated that he wrote the song despite not knowing who Frank Lloyd Wright was.
Unity Chapel

The **Unity Chapel** is in the town of Wyoming in Iowa County, Wisconsin. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

## History

The Unitarian chapel was designed for Jenkin Lloyd Jones, a Unitarian minister from Wales. Jones' nephew, Frank Lloyd Wright, worked on the project.

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Unity Chapel
- **image**: Unity Chapel.JPG
- **caption**: Unity Chapel
- **location**: Wyoming, Iowa County, Wisconsin
- **built**: 1886
- **architect**: Joseph Lyman Silsbee
- **architecture**: Shingle style architecture, Shingle Style
- **refnum**: 74000092
- **added**: July 18, 1974
Johnson Wax Headquarters

**Johnson Wax Headquarters** is the world headquarters and administration building of S. C. Johnson & Son. It is in Racine, Wisconsin. It was designed by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright for the company's president, Herbert F. "Hib" Johnson. The building was constructed from 1936 to 1939. Also known as the **Johnson Wax Administration Building**, it and the nearby 14-story Johnson Wax Research Tower (built 1944–1950) were designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1976 as **Administration Building and Research Tower, S.C. Johnson and Son**.

## Other websites

- S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. official website.
- SC Johnson: The Golden Rondelle  website includes links to tour information for the Johnson Wax building.
- Johnson Wax Building, at a independent directory for architecture
Larkin Administration Building

The **Larkin Building** was designed in 1904 by Frank Lloyd Wright and built in 1906 for the Larkin Soap Company of Buffalo, New York.  The five story dark red brick building used pink tinted mortar and utilized steel frame construction. It was noted for many innovations, including air conditioning, stained glass windows, built-in desk furniture, and suspended toilet bowls. Though this was an office building, it still caught the essence of Frank Lloyd Wright's type of architecture. Sculptor Richard Bock provided ornamentation for the building.

It was located at 680 Seneca Street, the Larkin Building was demolished in 1950.

## Other websites

- The Larkin Building, Buffalo, NY: History of the Demolition by Jerome Puma, 1978
- Work of Art: Demolition of Larkin Building was Key Loss for Preservation Advocates
- Great Buildings: Larkin Building
- Larkin Company: The People, Products and Premiums
Encopresis

**Encopresis** is the voluntary or involuntary passage of feces in a child who has been toilet trained (typically over age 4), which causes the soiling of clothes.
Antony Costa

**Antony Daniel Costa** (born 23 June 1981) is a British singer-songwriter and actor. He was born in Edgware, London to a Jewish mother and Greek father. He is best known as a member of boy band Blue. In 2006 he released a solo album, _Heart Full of Soul_.
With Blood Comes Cleansing

**With Blood Comes Cleansing** is an American deathcore band. They formed in February 2005. is an American Christian deathcore band from Albany, Georgia, known for their intense blend of brutal deathcore and overtly Christian lyrical themes. The band originally formed in 2005, released two influential albums (Golgotha in 2006 and Horror in 2008), and disbanded in 2010 before reuniting in 2022.

## Discography

- Studio albums
- _Golgotha_ (2006)
- _Horror_ (2008)
- _With Blood Comes Cleansing_ (2025)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: With Blood Comes Cleansing
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Albany, Georgia, Albany, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, United States
- **genre**: Deathcore, Christian metal
- **years active**: 2005–2010, 2022–present
- **label**: Blood & Ink, Victory
- **current members**: Jeremy Sims
Scott Erickson
Michael Crain
Zach Lewis
Robert Manzone
- **past members**: Dean Atkinson
Josh Pearson
Doug McMillan
Darrell Bentley
Hank Day
Michael Sasser
Spence Erickson
Jon Stripling
Matt Fidler
Tyler Holt
Greg Titus
Dennis Fraizer
Murray Gershenz

**Murray Gershenz** (May 12, 1922 – August 28, 2013) was an American entrepreneur and actor. Gershenz's acting career did not begin until he was 79 years old, when he starred in a 2001 episode of _Will & Grace_. As an entrepreneur, he operated the _Music Man Murray_ record store.

Gershenz was born in New York City, New York on May 12, 1922. On August 28, 2013, Gershenz died of a heart attack at the age of 91 in Los Angeles.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Murray Gershenz
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California
- **death cause**: Myocardial infarction, Heart attack
- **occupation**: Actor
- **children**: 3
- **years active**: 2001–2013
Nintendo 2DS

The **Nintendo 2DS** is a handheld game console made by Nintendo. It is a new version of Nintendo's Nintendo 3DS console that has a flat design like the Game Boy consoles (instead of the flip design (a design where two or more sections fold by a hinge) of the 3DS), and does not play 3DS games in 3D. It was announced on August 27, 2013. It was released on October 12, 2013 in North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. It is aimed at children under the age of seven, whom Nintendo had said should not use the 3D mode on the 3DS due to possible health problems that it could cause. It costs less than the 3DS. In North America, it costs $129.99 (£109.99 in the UK), compared to the $169.99 (£134.99 in the UK) price of the 3DS.

The Nintendo 2DS was discontinued in 2019 in Japan and worldwide in 2020.

## Infobox (information appliance)

- **title**: Nintendo 2DS
- **logo**: Nintendo 2DS (logo).svg
- **image**: Nintendo-2DS-angle.png
- **developer**: Nintendo
- **manufacturer**: Nintendo
- **type**: Handheld game console
- **generation**: History of video game consoles (eighth generation), Eighth generation
- **power**: Nintendo 3DS games: 3.5h – 5.5h

Nintendo DS Games: 5h – 9h

Sleep Mode: approximately 3 days
- **storage**: Included 4 Gigabyte, GB Secure Digital card, SD card
2 Gigabyte, GB internal flash memory <small>(1.5 usable)</small>
Cartridge save
- **display**: **Upper:** 3.53" LCD @ 400 × 240 px
**Lower:** 3.02" resistive touchscreen LCD @ 320 × 240 QVGA
- **dimensions**: **Width:**
**Height:**
**Depth:**
- **topgame**: _Poochy & Yoshi's Woolly World_
- **predecessor**: Nintendo DS, Nintendo DS series (DS, DS Lite, DSi, and DSi XL)
Nintendo 3DS/3DS XL (concurrent)
Xhosa people

The **Xhosa** (Xhosa: **amaXhosa**) are an ethnic group living in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia and Lesotho. About 22% of people in South Africa are Xhosa. The Xhosa language, called , is a Bantu language of the Nguni subgroup, like Zulus.
The amaXhosa tribe consists of many different tribes within the culture of amaXhosa; such as amaMpondo. The tribes are of different chiefs and kings and have no single ruler due to their diverse tribes which also practice cultural customs differently from tribe to tribe. The closer tribes consists of various clan names which have been in existence for centuries. The notable ones are, amaTshawe, amaCirha, amaQwathi, amaGcina, ooRhadebe, ooJola, amaSukwini, to name a few.

## Related pages

- Nguni languages
- Bantu people
- Zulu people

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Xhosa
- **total**: 7.9 million
- **total year**: 2001
- **total source**: estimate
- **regions**: Eastern Cape Province, Eastern Cape: 15.4 million

Western Cape Province, Western Cape: 11.1 million

Gauteng Province, Gauteng: 2.7 million

Free State Province, Free State: 0.1 million

Kwazulu-Natal Province, Kwazulu-Natal: 0.22 million

(2001 estimates<sup>#References, 1</sup>)
- **languages**: Xhosa language, Xhosa (many also speak Zulu language, Zulu, English, and/or Afrikaans language, Afrikaans)
- **religions**: African Traditional Religion, Christianity
- **related groups**: Nguni people, Nguni, Ndebele, Zulu people, swati, other Bantu people and South Africans


## Infobox (ethnonym)

- umXhosa
- amaXhosa
- isiXhosa
Zulu

**Zulu** can mean:

- Zulu people
- Zulu language
Giuseppina Bozzacchi

**Giuseppina Bozzacchi** (November 23, 1853 – November 23, 1870) was a ballerina. She was born in Milan, Italy and died in Paris, France. She was the first to dance the part of Swanhilda in _Coppélia_ in May 1870. She was a great success. She died a few months later from cholera on her birthday in November 1870.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Giuseppina Bozzacchi
- **image**: Coppelia -Swanilda -Giuseppina Bozzachi -Act I-Scene 2 -Paris -1870.JPG
- **caption**: Bozzacchi as Swanhilda in _Coppélia_, 1870
- **birth date**: November 23, 1853
- **birth place**: Milan, Italy
- **death date**: November 23, 1870
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **death cause**: Cholera
- **nationality**: Italy, Italian
- **occupation**: Ballerina
Shoemaking

**Shoemaking** is the process of making footwear. Originally, shoes were made by handicraft. Few people buy shoes made by old-fashioned methods anymore, preferring cheaper ones made by industrial mass production. The old methods are still used for buyers who want unusually high quality. Shoemakers may produce a range of footwear items, including shoes, boots, sandals, clogs and moccasins. Such items are generally made of leather, wood, rubber, plastic, jute or other plant material.

A **cordwainer** is a **shoemaker** who makes very fine soft leather shoes. A **cobbler** is someone who repairs shoes.
Mental state

**Mental state**, a general term, might mean:
- Mood
- Mental health
- Flow (psychology)
- Altered state of mind
- Consciousness
Comanche (disambiguation)

The **Comanche** are a Native American tribe from the United States.

**Comanche** might also mean:

- Comanche language, the language of the Comanche people
- Comanche, Oklahoma, a city in the U.S. state of Oklahoma
- Comanche County, Kansas, a county in the U.S. state of Kansas
- Comanche County, Oklahoma, a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma
Motivation

**Motivation** is an important part of psychology. It is the driving force by which people (or animals) get what they want. A **motive** is the reason for an action taken.

Motivation arouses a person to act towards a desired goal. It is a driving force which promotes action. For example, hunger is a motivation which causes a desire to eat. "Motivation is an energizer of behavior". It is the purpose or psychological cause of an action.

With animals, motivation is caused by basic needs: needs for food, water, warmth, safety, mating, protecting the young, defending territory, needs to escape pain and threats... The drive to do these things is instinctive, inborn, and triggered by circumstance.

With humans, whose mental life is much more complex, motivation is more complicated. Obviously, humans feel the need for food and water, avoid pain and so on. But they are also capable of having long-term plans which are more difficult to understand.

## Drives

A drive or desire is _a deficiency or need that activates behaviour aimed at a goal or an incentive_.

Drives may arise inside or outside an organism. External drives for humans are rewards and punishments, and can be quite subtle: a frown or a smile may be sufficient for a young person.

Drives often occur _within_ the individual and may not need external stimuli to encourage the behaviour. An example is the sexual drive which is driven by our hormone system. The desire for sex is wired deep into the brain of all human beings as glands secrete hormones that travel through the blood to the brain and stimulates the onset of sexual desire. The process is started by the brain's hypothalamus, which releases pulses of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone). This starts a whole chain of reactions which we call "puberty". Longer term, the hormone supporting male sex drive is testosterone, and for women testosterone and oestrogen.

By contrast, outside rewards and stimuli are used in training animals by giving them treats when they perform a trick correctly. The treat motivates the animals to perform the trick consistently, even later when the treat is removed from the process. Children are motivated to learn by approval of friendly adults, and by their own pleasure at success.

## Emotions and unconscious motivation

Motivation and emotion are intertwined: "Emotional states tend to have motivational properties".

Not all motivated behaviour is the result of conscious decisions. Freudian psychology suggests that much behaviour is motivated by "unconscious factors, working through a network of defence mechanisms, symbolic disguises and psychological cloaks".
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

**Gonadotropin-releasing hormone** (**GnRH**), or **Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone** (**LHRH**), is a hormone synthesized and released from neurons in the hypothalamus.

GnRH occurs in all vertebrates. This single hormone controls all the complex processes which prepare the male and female for successful reproduction.

GnRH releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary.

GnRH activity is very low during childhood, and is activated at puberty or adolescence. During the reproductive years, it is critical for successful reproductive function as controlled by feedback loops. However, once a pregnancy is established, GnRH activity is not required.

## Related pages

- Luteinizing hormone
- Follicle-stimulating hormone