juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Continental Airlines Flight 1713

**Continental Airlines Flight 1713** crashed while taking off during a snow storm from Stapleton International Airport in Denver, Colorado on November 15, 1987. The Douglas DC-9-14 was operated by Continental Airlines and was a scheduled flight to Boise, Idaho. Twenty-five passengers and three crew members died in the accident.

## Accident

Flight 1713 was scheduled to depart Denver at 12:25 PM, but many flights out of Denver had been delayed due to inclement weather. The flight was cleared to take off at 2 :14 PM local time.

As the plane was taking off, it began to veer violently; the plane descended and the left wing hit the ground, causing the wing to sever.  The left side of the plane and the flight deck hit the ground afterward and the plane continued to roll upside down. Of the 82 occupants on board (77 passengers and 5 crew), 28 died while 54 survived. Most of the passengers who died were in the midsection of the plane. When the plane left, the left side tilted until it touched the tail when it was inverted;  this caused the midsection of the plane to dent and crush many of the passengers on board. Fitzsimmons' Army Medical Facility sent its personnel to assist in triaging the wounded. Of the passengers who died, sixteen did so from some kind of trauma and twelve died from mechanical asphyxiation.

Of the passengers who survived, twenty-four suffered minor injuries and twenty-seven suffered serious injuries.

## Other websites

- The haunting memories of Continental 1713, editorial by a former Continental passenger service agent
- , original video news broadcast of crash in 1987.
- Pre-crash photos of the airliner at airliners.net

## Infobox (aircraft occurrence)

- **occurrence type**: Accident
- **name**: Continental Airlines Flight 1713
- **image**: N626TX Douglas DC-9-14 at Denver Stapleton, 1985.jpg
- **image size**: 250
- **caption**: N626TX in 1985
- **date**: November 15, 1987
- **type**: Loss of control due to Atmospheric icing
and pilot error
- **site**: Stapleton International Airport, Denver, Colorado, U.S.
- **occupants**: 82
- **passengers**: 77
- **crew**: 5
- **injuries**: 53
- **fatalities**: 28
- **survivors**: 54
- **aircraft type**: Douglas DC-9, Douglas DC-9-14
- **tail number**: [https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19871115-0 N626TX]
- **operator**: Continental Airlines
- **origin**: Stapleton International Airport, Denver–Stapleton Int'l Airport (DEN/KDEN)
- **destination**: Boise Airport
The Mad Doctor (1933 movie)

***The Mad Doctor*** is a Mickey Mouse cartoon released in 1933. It is known as the first appearance of the title character "The Mad Doctor", or "Dr. XXX". It was the 52nd Mickey Mouse short film, and the second of that year.

## Voice cast

- Mickey Mouse: Walt Disney
- Pluto: Pinto Colvig
- The Mad Doctor: Billy Bletcher

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: The Mad Doctor
- **image**:
- **director**: David Hand (animator), David Hand
- **producer**: Walt Disney
- **starring**: Walt Disney
Billy Bletcher
Pinto Colvig
- **animator**: Art Babbitt
Les Clark
Ben Sharpsteen
- **studio**: Walt Disney Animation Studios, Walt Disney Productions
- **distributor**: United Artists, United Artists Pictures
- **runtime**: 7 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
R'coon Dawg

***R'coon Dawg*** is a 1951 American animated short film. It was produced by Walt Disney and directed by Charles August Nichols. It was the 123rd short in the _Mickey Mouse_ film series to be released, and the only one produced that year.

Even though this cartoon belongs to the Mickey Mouse series, and Mickey Mouse is shown in hunting gear, Pluto is the main character.

## Plot

Mickey and Pluto are hunting a raccoon, who is quite clever and intends to make fun of his pursuers.

## Voice cast

- Pluto: Pinto Colvig
- Mickey Mouse: Jimmy MacDonald

## Home media

The short was released on May 18, 2004, on _Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Living Color, Volume Two: 1939-Today_.

## Other websites

- _R'Coon Dawg_ on YouTube

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: R'coon Dawg
- **director**: Charles August Nichols, Charles A. Nichols
- **story**: Ralph Wright
Albert Bertino
- **animator**: Charles A. Nichols
Norm Ferguson (animator), Norm Ferguson
Marvin Woodward
Fred Moore (animator), Fred Moore
Jack Boyd
- **layout artist**: Lance Nolley
- **background artist**: Art Riley
- **starring**: Jimmy MacDonald (sound effects artist), Jimmy MacDonald
Pinto Colvig
- **music**: Paul Smith
- **producer**: Walt Disney
- **studio**: Walt Disney Animation Studios, Walt Disney Productions
- **distributor**: RKO Pictures, RKO Radio Pictures
- **released**: August 10, 1951
- **color process**: Technicolor
- **runtime**: 7 minutes
- **language**: English
A Knight for a Day

***A Knight for a Day*** is a 1946 Disney short film starring Goofy. It is based on the novel _A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court_. Directed by Jack Hannah, this 7-minute animated comedy short was scripted by Bill Peet.

## Voice cast

- Squire Cedric (Goofy): Pinto Colvig
- Sir Lionsteak: Pinto Colvig
- Sir Cumference: Pinto Colvig
- Princess Esmeralda: Paula Winslowe

## Home media

This short is included on the VHS releases of _Here's Goofy_ and _The Sword in the Stone_ and the DVD releases of _Volume 3: The Prince & The Pauper_ and _The Sword in the Stone_.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: A Knight for a Day
- **director**: Jack Hannah
- **producer**: Walt Disney
- **story**: Bill Peet
- **music**: Oliver Wallace
- **studio**: Walt Disney Animation Studios, Walt Disney Productions
- **distributor**: RKO Pictures, RKO Radio Pictures
- **runtime**: 7 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Symphony Hour

***Symphony Hour*** is a 1942 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The cartoon depicts Mickey Mouse conducting a symphony orchestra sponsored by Pete. The film was directed by Riley Thomson and features music adapted from the "Light Cavalry Overture" by Franz von Suppé. The voice cast includes Walt Disney as Mickey, Billy Bletcher as Pete, and John McLeish as a radio announcer. It was the 117th short in the _Mickey Mouse_ film series to be released, and the second for that year.

## Cast

- Mickey Mouse: Walt Disney
- Sylvester Macaroni (Pete): Billy Bletcher
- Goofy: Pinto Colvig
- Radio Announcer: John McLeish

Donald Duck and others have no dialogue in film.

## Production team

- Principal animation
- Jack Campbell
- Les Clark
- George De Beeson
- John Elliotte
- Ed Love
- Jim Moore
- Kenneth Muse
- Riley Thomson
- Bernard Wolf
- Effects animation
- Joseph Gayek
- Jack Manning
- Ed Parks

## Home media

The short was released on May 18, 2004 on _Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Living Color, Volume Two: 1939-Today_.

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Hour
- **director**: Riley Thomson
- **producer**: Walt Disney
- **starring**: Billy Bletcher
Pinto Colvig
Walt Disney
John McLeish (actor), John McLeish
- **music**: Oliver Wallace
- **animator**: Jack Campbell
Les Clark
Ed Love
Jim Moore
Kenneth Muse
Riley Thomson
Bernard Wolf
- **studio**: Walt Disney Animation Studios, Walt Disney Productions
- **distributor**: RKO Pictures, RKO Radio Pictures
- **color process**: Technicolor
- **runtime**: 6 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
Call of Duty: Finest Hour

***Call Of Duty: Finest Hour*** is a WW2 war shooter video game. The game launched on November 16, 2004, it was a spin-off of the first Call of Duty, which sets the stage for World War II. It is the third video game in the series and the first to make the release to PlayStation 2, GameCube, and Xbox consoles. There is not a PC version.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Call Of Duty: Finest Hour
- **platforms**: Playstation 2
GameCube
Xbox
- **genre**: First-person shooter
Jean Lèques

**Jean Lèques** (31 August 1931 – 1 June 2022) was a New Caledonian politician.  He was mayor of Nouméa from 1986 to 2014. From 1999 and 2001 he was the first president of the government of New Caledonia. Lèques was born in Nouméa. He was a member of The Rally–UMP.

Lèques died on 1 June 2022 in Nouméa, aged 90.
Walter Abish

**Walter Abish** (December 24, 1931 – May 28, 2022) was an Austrian-born American writer. He wrote many short-stories. He was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 1987. His best known works were _Alphabetical Africa_ (1974) and _How German Is It_ (1980).

Abish died on May 28, 2022 at a hospital in New York City, aged 90.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Walter Abish
- **birth place**: Vienna, First Austrian Republic, Austria
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York, U.S.
- **occupation**: Author
- **awards**: MacArthur Fellowship
Fred Aftalion

**Alfred Henri Aftalion** (2 May 1922 – 24 May 2022), better known as **Fred Aftalion**, was a French chemical engineer. He was Vice-President of ALEPS, the Association pour la Liberté Economique et le Progrès Social. He also wrote about economics and politics and supported economic liberalism.

Aftalion died on 24 May 2022 in Paris, France at the age of 100.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Fred Aftalion
- **image**: Fred Aftalion Franklin-Lavoisier-Prize-2014.jpg
- **birth name**: Alfred Henri Aftalion
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **death place**: Paris, France
- **nationality**: French
- **field**: Chemical engineering
- **work institutions**: Société Française d’Organo-Synthèse
- **alma mater**: École nationale supérieure de chimie de Paris
Cali Cartel

The **Cali Cartel** () was a drug cartel in southern Colombia, around the city of Cali and the Valle del Cauca Department. Its founders were the brothers Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela and Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela, and José Santacruz Londoño. They broke away from Pablo Escobar and his Medellín cartel in the late 1980s.

When the Cali Cartel had high power from 1993 to 1995, they were seen as having control of over 80% of the world's cocaine market and were said to be directly responsible for the growth of the cocaine market in Europe, controlling 80% of the market there. By the mid-1990s, the Cali Cartel's international drug trafficking empire was a $7 billion a year.
Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela

**Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Orejuela** (born August 15, 1943) is a convicted Colombian drug lord. He was one of the leaders of the Cali Cartel. He is the younger brother of Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela.

On March 11, 2005, Rodriguez Orejuela was extradited to the United States. On September 26, 2006, Rodríguez Orejuela was sentenced to 30 years in prison, after pleading guilty to charges of conspiring to import cocaine to the U.S. He is in a Pennsylvania prison.

## Arrest

On August 6, 1995, Rodriguez Orejuela was arrested when the Colombian National Police broke down the door of his apartment (Hacienda Buenos Aires) in the exclusive Normandia neighborhood in Cali, Colombia, as he was about to slip into a secret closet called a caleta. Jorge Salcedo, his main bodyguard, betrayed Rodriguez.

## Infobox (criminal)

- **name**: Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela
- **image name**: Traqueticomiguelrodriguez.png
- **image caption**: Miguel Angel Rodríguez Orejuela after his capture in 1995
- **birth name**: Miguel Angel Rodríguez Orejuela
- **birth place**: Mariquita, Tolima, Mariquita, Tolima Department, Tolima, Colombia
- **alias**: "El Señor" (The Man)
- **conviction**: Conspiracy to import 5kg or more of cocaine.
Conspiracy to engage in money laundering
- **conviction penalty**: 30 years (360 months) for conspiracy to import cocaine
7.25 years (87 months) for money laundering, sentences to run concurrently. Forfeiture of $2
.1 billion in assets.
- **conviction status**: Imprisoned at Federal_Correctional_Institution,_Loretto, FCI Loretto
- **relatives**: Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela (brother)
- **occupation**: Drug lord 1 of 2 brothers Cali, Cartel boss
- **spouse**: Marta Lucia Echeverry
- **parents**: Unknown
- **children**: William Rodríguez Abadía
- **native name lang**: Spanish
Courtesy title

A **courtesy title** isn't a title that can be used legally, but is common in nobility.
John R. Davis Jr.

**John Roger Davis Jr.** (born July 25, 1927) is an American politician. From 1988 to 1990, he was the United States Ambassador to Poland during the Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush administrations. Later, from 1992 to 1994, he was the United States Ambassador to Romania during the Bush and Bill Clinton administrations. Davis Jr. was born in Eau Claire, Wisconsin.
Trappe, Maryland

**Trappe** is a town in Talbot County, Maryland, United States. The population was 1,177 at the 2020 census.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Trappe, Maryland
- **settlement type**: Town
- **motto**: "19th Century Charm - 21st Century Progress"
- **image skyline**: Trappe MD1.jpg
- **image caption**: Central Trappe in 2021
- **image map**: Talbot_County_Maryland_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Trappe_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Trappe, Maryland
- **pushpin map**: Maryland#USA
- **pushpin label**: Trappe
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within the U.S. state of Maryland
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Maryland, County
- **subdivision name2**: Talbot County, Maryland, Talbot
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: 1827
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 6.91
- **area land km2**: 6.91
- **area water km2**: 0.00
- **area total sq mi**: 2.67
- **area land sq mi**: 2.67
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 1177
- **population density km2**: 170.41
- **population density sq mi**: 441.32
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **elevation m**: 16
- **elevation ft**: 52
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 21673
- **area code**: Area code 410, 410
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 24-78575
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 0591425
- **website**: [http://trappemd.net/ http://trappemd.net/]
Bart Star

Bart Star is the sixth episode of ninth season of The Simpsons.

It originally aired on the Fox Network in the United States on November 9, 1997. It was written by Reid Harrison and directed by David Silverman.
Lloyd Doggett

**Lloyd Alton Doggett II** (born October 6, 1946) is an American attorney and politician. He is a U.S. representative from Texas from 1995 to 2023. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Doggett was the only Democrat to represent any part of Austin in Congress.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lloyd Doggett
- **image**: Lloyd Doggett 113th Congress.jpg
- **office**: Member of the
United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives
from Texas
- **term start**: January 3, 1995
- **term end**: January 3, 2023
- **predecessor**: J. J. Pickle
- **successor**: Greg Casar
- **constituency**: (1995–2005)
 (2005–2013)
 (2013–2023)
- **office3**: Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas, Texas Supreme Court
- **term start3**: January 1, 1989
- **term end3**: December 31, 1994
- **predecessor3**: Ted Robertson (justice), Ted Robertson
- **successor3**: Priscilla Owen
- **state senate4**: Texas
- **district4**: Texas Senate, District 14, 14th
- **term start4**: August 18, 1973
- **term end4**: January 8, 1985
- **predecessor4**: Charles Herring
- **successor4**: Gonzalo Barrientos
- **birth name**: Lloyd Alton Doggett II
- **birth place**: Austin, Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 2
- **education**: University of Texas at Austin (Bachelor of Arts, BA, Juris Doctor, JD)
- **website**: [https://doggett.house.gov/ House website]
Stephen McHattie

**Stephen McHattie Smith** (born February 3, 1947) is a Canadian actor. He won the Genie Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in _The Rocket_, and a Gemini Award for _Life with Billy_.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: StephenMcHattie08TIFF.jpg
- **imagesize**: 225px
- **caption**: McHattie at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival
- **birth name**: Stephen McHattie Smith
- **nationality**: Canadian
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1970–present
- **children**: 3
Bob Peterson (filmmaker)

**Robert Peterson** (born January 18, 1961) is an American animator, screenwriter, storyboard supervisor, director and voice actor who works at Pixar.

## Career

He was hired at Pixar by Roger Gould in 1994 as an animator for commercials, before subsequently becoming an animator on _Toy Story_ (1995). He was the co-director for _Up_ (2009), in which he also voiced the characters Dug and Alpha. He was a co-writer on _Finding Nemo_ (2003) and _Cars 3_ (2017).

### Feature Films

|Year|Title|Director|Writer|Story Supervisor|Story Artist|Other|Voice Role|Notes||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1995|_Toy Story_|||||||Additional Layout, Additional Animation||
|1998|_A Bug's Life_|||||||||
|1999|_Toy Story 2_|||||||||
|2001|_Monsters, Inc._||||||Roz|Additional Story Material||
|2003|_Finding Nemo_||||||Mr. Ray/Additional Voices|||
|2004|_The Incredibles_||||||Additional Voices|||
|2004|_The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie_||||||Karen|Disney release||
|2006|_Cars_||||||Additional Voices|||
|2007|_Ratatouille_|||||||Additional Story Material||
|2008|_WALL-E_|||||||rowspan=6|Senior Creative Team|
|2009|_Up_||||||Dug/Alpha|||
|2010|_Toy Story 3_||||||Janitor|||
|2011|_Cars 2_|||||||||
|2012|_Brave_|||||||||
|2013|_Monsters University_||||||Roz|||
|rowspan=2|2015|_Inside Out_|||||||Additional Dialogue Senior Creative Team|
|_The Good Dinosaur_|||||||Original Concept and Development Additional Production Leadership Senior Creative Team|||
|2016|_Finding Dory_||||||Mr. Ray/Additional Voices|Additional Screenplay Material Senior Creative Team||
|rowspan=2|2017|_Cars 3_||||||Chick Hicks/Dr. Damage|Senior Creative Team|
|_Coco_|||||||Story Consultant Senior Creative Team|||
|2018|_Incredibles 2_|||||||rowspan=3|Senior Creative Team|
|2019|_Toy Story 4_||||||Additional Voices|||
|rowspan=2|2020|_Onward_||||||||
|_Soul_|||||||Additional Story Contributions Senior Creative Team|||
|2021|_Luca_|||||||rowspan=3|Senior Creative Team|
|rowspan=2|2022|_Turning Red_||||||||
|_Lightyear_||||||||||

#### Short Films

|Year|Title|Director|Writer|Other|Voice Role|Notes||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1997|_Geri's Game_||||Geri|||
|2003|_Exploring the Reef_|||||||
|2008|_Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales_||||Additional Voices|Episodes 1-4||
|rowspan="2"|2009|_Dug's Special Mission_||||Alpha/Dug||
|_George and A.J._||||Dug|Special Thanks|||
|2016|_Marine Life Interviews_|||||||
|2017|_Miss Fritter's Racing Skoool_||||Dr. Damage|||
|2019-20|_Forky Asks a Question_||||Voice Over Announcer|Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short Form Animated Program||
|2021|_Dug Days_||||Dug|||

#### Television

|Year|Title|Voice Role|
| --- | --- | --- |
|2021|_Monsters at Work_|Roz, Roze|

#### Other Credits

|Year|Title|Role|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2000|_For the Birds_|Thanks|||
|2008|_Presto_|Special Thanks|||
|2009|_Tracy_|Terry Cane|||
|2011|_Toy Story Toons: Small Fry_|Special Thanks|||
|2019|_Purl_|Kristen Lester's Story Trust|||
|rowspan=2|2020|_Lamp Life_|rowspan=2|Special Thanks|
|_Onward_|||||
Lloyd Nelson Hand

**Lloyd Nelson Hand** (born January 31, 1929) is an American lawyer and former political aide. He was the Chief of Protocol of the United States from 1965 until 1966.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Lloyd Nelson Hand
- **image**: Lloyd Nelson Hand (48996339993).jpg
- **caption**: Hand in 2019
- **office1**: 11th Chief of Protocol of the United States
- **president1**: Lyndon B. Johnson
- **term start1**: January 21, 1965
- **term end1**: March 21, 1966
- **predecessor1**: Angier Biddle Duke
- **successor1**: James W. Symington
- **birth name**: Lloyd Nelson Hand
- **birth place**: Alton, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party
- **education**: University of Texas at Austin
Tyler Abell

**Tyler Abell** (born 9 August 1932) is an American lawyer and politician. He was the Chief of Protocol of the United States during the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency from 1968 until 1969.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Tyler Abell
- **image**: Tyler Abell LBJ Library (32565920781) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Abell in 2017
- **office1**: Chief of Protocol of the United States
- **president1**: Lyndon B. Johnson
- **term start1**: September 30, 1968
- **term end1**: January 20, 1969
- **predecessor1**: Angier Biddle Duke
- **successor1**: Emil Mosbacher, Jr.
- **birth place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **relations**: Luvie Moore Abell (mother)
George Abell (father)
Drew Pearson (journalist), Drew Pearson (stepfather)
Scinax caprarius

The **Canastra snouted tree frog** (_Scinax caprarius_) is a frog.  It lives in Colombia.  Scientists have seen it between 900 and 1300 meters above sea level, where 2800 to 5000 mm of rainfall every year.

The adult frog is about 28.6 to 31.1 mm long from nose to rear end.  Scientists wrote that the male frog's voice sounded like a goat.
Cocoon: The Return

***Cocoon: The Return*** is a 1988 American science fiction comedy-drama movie directed by Daniel Petrie and is the sequel to the 1985 hit _Cocoon_. It stars Don Ameche, Wilford Brimley, Courteney Cox, Hume Cronyn, Jack Gilford, Steve Guttenberg, Barret Oliver, Jessica Tandy, Maureen Stapleton, Gwen Verdon and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
Cybersquatting

**Cybersquatting** is the use of a domain name which is another person's trademark. The domain name may be the name of a person, a company, or an organization. The purpose of cybersquatting is to make money.

For example:
- Domain parking: somebody buys a domain name of a company, because they hope to sell the domain to the company later.
- Phishing: somebody buys the domain name of a company, to fool people who visit that website. These visitors think the company owns the website — but  a scammer actually owns the website. When they use their banking number, the scammer can now steal money from their bank account.

In the USA, cybersquatting may be a crime under the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act.

## Typosquatting

Typosquatting is a kind of cybersquatting. A domain name is used, which is similar to another website or trademark. For example, typosquatting could use _wikpedia.org_ instead of _wikipedia.org_. It could also use a different URL extension, such as _whitehouse.org_ instead of _whitehouse.gov_.
Ansett New Zealand Flight 703

**Ansett New Zealand Flight 703** was an Ansett New Zealand airline flight between Auckland International Airport and Palmerston North International Airport. On June 9, 1995 at 9:22 am (local) he crashed to the ground just 16 km from the destination airport, amid adverse weather conditions and aircraft problems.

The crashed aircraft, a DHC-8 (or Dash 8), was carrying 18 passengers and 3 crew members, almost all of whom were New Zealand citizens with the exception of one American passenger. Of the 21 people on board, 3 died from the collision and 1 from serious injuries. On the ground, only three grazing sheep perished due to the impact of the plane.

## Causes

According to the Australian investigation, the causes of the accident were pinned primarily on the captain and his first officer for the following reasons:

- The pilot did not observe the power of the engines and the vertical speed of the plane because he was manually unfolding the landing gear, which could not lower automatically due to a fault.

- The pilot urged skipping the landing procedures, not following the company's checklist for the plane.

- Pilot and co-pilot distraction regarding landing gear failure.

As for the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS), it was determined that it was working incorrectly as it gave a late warning, which was estimated to be activated 17 seconds before the impact, and not 4 seconds as it actually was.

## Heroism

Reginald John Dixon, a passenger on the flight, made it out of the wreckage with some injuries but then went back to help other passengers until he was severely burned by a blaze. He died of his burns two weeks later.

For courage shown in a dangerous situation, this passenger was awarded the New Zealand Cross, New Zealand's highest citation for civilian bravery.

## In popular culture

Ansett New Zealand Flight 703 was dramatised in the 8th episode of Season 21 on the show Air Crash Investigation titled "Caught in a Jam".

## Infobox (aircraft occurrence)

- **name**: Ansett New Zealand Flight 703
- **date**: 9 June 1995
- **image**: Photo_of_Ansett_New_Zealand_de_Havilland_Canada_DHC-8-102_ZK-NEY.jpg
- **caption**: The plane involved in the accident.
- **type**: Controlled flight into terrain
- **occurrence type**: Accident
- **site**: Tararua Ranges, New Zealand
- **fatalities**: 4
- **injuries**: 17
- **aircraft type**: De Havilland Canada Dash 8#Series 100, de Havilland Canada Dash 8-100
- **aircraft name**: _Palmerston North_
- **operator**: Ansett New Zealand
- **tail number**: ZK-NEY
- **origin**: Auckland Airport
- **destination**: Palmerston North International Airport
- **occupants**: 21
- **passengers**: 18
- **crew**: 3
- **survivors**: 17
Zoot Suit Riots

The Zoot Suit Riots were a series of riots on June 3–8, 1943 in Los Angeles, California, United States, involving American servicemen stationed in Southern California and young Latino and Mexican American city residents. It was one of the dozen wartime industrial cities that suffered race-related riots in the summer of 1943, along with Mobile, Alabama; Beaumont, Texas; Detroit, Michigan; and New York City.

American servicemen and white residents of Los Angeles attacked and stripped children, youths, and teenagers who wore zoot suits, ostensibly because they considered the outfits, which were made from large amounts of fabric, to be unpatriotic during World War II. Rationing of fabrics and certain foods was necessary during the war effort. While most of the violence was directed toward Mexican American youth; African American and Filipino American youths who were wearing zoot suits were also attacked.

The Zoot Suit Riots were related to fears and hostilities aroused by the coverage of the Sleepy Lagoon murder trial, following the killing of a young Latino man named José Gallardo Díaz in 1942 in what was then an unincorporated commercial area near Los Angeles. The riot appeared to trigger similar attacks that year against Latinos in Chicago, Illinois; San Diego and Oakland, California; Evansville, Indiana; Philadelphia; and New York City. The defiance of zoot suiters became inspirational for Chicanos during the Chicano Movement.
BBC News Arabic

**BBC News Arabic** (), formerly **BBC Arabic Television**, is a television news channel broadcast to the Arab World by the BBC. It was launched on 11 March 2008.  It is run by the BBC World Service and funded from the British television licence fee.

## Other websites

- Live video stream
- BBC Press Release
- The Failed Dream That Led To Al Jazeera
- Faisal Abbas: "BBC Arabic TV 'should try to be different, " _BBC_ 12 March 2008
- Eric Pfanner: "BBC Set to Open Its New Arab World TV Channel in _New York Times_ 4 March 2008
- "BBC launches Arabic TV channel," _BBC_ 11 March 2008

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: BBC News Arabic
 بي بي سي نيوز عربي
- **logo**: BBC News Arabic logo.png
- **logo size**: 200px
- **picture format**: 720p60 (16:9 High-definition television, HDTV)
- **network**: BBC World Service
- **owner**: BBC
- **country**: United Kingdom

Egypt
- **language**: Modern Standard Arabic, Literary Arabic
- **area**: Middle East
- **headquarters**: Broadcasting House, London
- **website**: [https://www.bbc.co.uk/arabic bbc.co.uk/arabic]
- **sat serv 1**: Hot Bird 13B
- **sat chan 1**: 11727 V / 27500 / 3/4
- **sat serv 2**: Hot Bird 13D
- **sat chan 2**: 11117 V / 27500 / 3/4
- **sat serv 3**: Badr-4, Badr 4
- **sat chan 3**: 11996 H / 27500 / 3/4
- **sat serv 4**: Intelsat 19
- **sat chan 4**: 12646 H / 28066 / 3/4
- **sat serv 5**: Nilesat 102
- **sat chan 5**: 12207 V / 27500 / 3/4
- **sat serv 6**: Anik (satellite), Anik F3
- **sat chan 6**: 11911 L / 20000 / 3/4
- **sat serv 7**: beIN Network, beIN
- **sat chan 7**: Channel 204
- **sat serv 8**: Zuku TV (Kenya)
- **sat chan 8**: Channel 842
- **cable serv 1**: Rogers Cable <small>(Canada)</small>
- **cable chan 1**: Channel 881
- **cable serv 2**: Dish Network <small>(United States)</small>
- **cable chan 2**: Channel 658
- **iptv serv 1**: Bell Fibe TV <small>(Canada)</small>
- **iptv chan 1**: Channel 769
- **online serv 1**: BBC Arabic
- **online chan 1**: [https://www.bbc.co.uk/arabic/tvandradio/2011/01/000000_livetv.shtml Watch live]
- **online serv 2**: Sling TV
- **online chan 2**: IPTV, Internet Protocol television
- **closed**: 20 December 2023 (Arabic bar)
Andrea Riseborough

**Andrea Louise Riseborough** (born 20 November 1981) is an English actress. For her role in the 2022 movie _To Leslie_, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress.

Her best known roles were in _Happy-Go-Lucky_ (2008), _Never Let Me Go_, _Brighton Rock_, _Made in Dagenham_ (all 2010), _W.E._ (2011), _Shadow Dancer_, _Disconnect_ (both 2012), _Welcome to the Punch_, _Oblivion_ (both 2013), _Birdman_ (2014), _Nocturnal Animals_ (2016), _Battle of the Sexes_, _The Death of Stalin_ (both 2017), _Mandy_, _Nancy_ (both 2018), _The Grudge_ and _Possessor_ (both 2020).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Andrea Riseborough
- **image**: Death of Stalin 13 (36781858930) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Riseborough in 2017
- **birthname**: Andrea Louise Riseborough
- **birth place**: Wallsend, Tyne and Wear, England
- **occupation**: Actress
- **alma mater**: Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
- **years active**: 2001–present
Cynthia Erivo

**Cynthia Chinasaokwu Onyedinmanasu Amarachukwu Owezuke Echimino Erivo ,** known by just **Cynthia Erivo** (; born 8 January 1987) is an English actress and singer-songwriter. She has won a Daytime Emmy Award, a Grammy Award, and a Tony Award. She was in the Broadway revival of _The Color Purple_ from 2015 to 2017.

She played Harriet Tubman in the biopic _Harriet_ (2019), for which she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She starred as Elphaba in the 2024 musical fantasy movie _Wicked_. She is a vegan, like Ariana Grande, who played Galinda (also known as Glinda) in _Wicked._

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **instrument**: Vocals


## Infobox (actress)

- **name**: Cynthia Erivo
- **image**: Cynthia Erivo 2018.png
- **caption**: Erivo in 2018
- **birth place**: Stockwell, London, England
- **alma mater**: Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
- **occupation**: Actress, singer, songwriter
- **years active**: 2011–present
- **awards**: List of awards and nominations received by Cynthia Erivo, Full list
Eurochannel

**Eurochannel** is a world television channel focused on European culture and lifestyle through movies, series and other programs dedicated to European culture. Eurochannel broadcasts in original audio with subtitles in English, Spanish and Portuguese.

Eurochannel is available in Hispanic America, France, Brazil, United States, Canada, the Caribbean, Angola, Mozambique, Portugal and North Macedonia.

In United States, Eurochannel is available on Google Play on all Android devices.

## Current programming

Eurochannel's programming includes mostly cinema, television series and music programs.

### Cinema

- _Claude Chabrol tribute_ (France)
- _Skirt Day_ (France)
- _A Crime in Paradise_ (France)
- _March of Millions_ (Germany)
- _Il mistero di Oberwald_ (Italy)

### Series

- _10_ (Switzerland)
- _Prime Minister_ (Poland)
- _KDD – Berlin Crime Squad_ (Germany)
- _David Nolande_ (France)
- _Looking Back_ (Italy)

### Music

- _Europe_ (Sweden)
- _The Baseballs_ (Germany)
- _Muse_ (UK)
- _Depeche Mode_ (UK)
- _Coldplay_ (UK)

## Other websites

- Eurochannel website

## Infobox (television channel)

- **name**: Eurochannel
- **logo**: EURO LOGO FINALE.png
- **logo size**: 150px
- **launch date**: 1994
- **owner**: Eurochannel Group
- **country**: France
- **area**: Internationally
- **headquarters**: Miami, Paris, São Paulo & Buenos Aires
- **website**: [http://www.eurochannel.com/ www.eurochannel.com]
- **sat serv 2**: Meo (Portugal), Meo <small>(Portugal)</small>
- **sat chan 2**: Channel 217
- **sat serv 3**: Sky México
- **sat chan 3**: Channel 215
- **sat serv 4**: Vivo (telecommunications), Vivo <small>(Brazil)</small>
- **sat chan 4**: Channel 450
- **sat serv 5**: Cablevisión Digital (Argentina)
- **sat chan 5**: Channel 323
- **sat serv 6**: Movistar TV Chile
- **sat chan 6**: Channel 436
- **sat serv 7**: Movistar TV Colombia
- **sat chan 7**: Channel 450
- **sat serv 8**: Telekom Srpske, m:tel open IPTV
- **sat chan 8**: Channel 308
2022 Danish European Union opt-out referendum

A **referendum on the abolition of the defense opt-out,** one of the country's opt-outs from the European Union, was  held in Denmark on 1 June 2022.

The referendum was announced on 6 March 2022 after a defense agreement reached during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The yes side won the referendum, winning two thirds of the vote.

## Infobox (referendum)

- **name**: Danish European Union opt-out referendum
- **country**: Denmark
- **title**: Do you vote for or against Denmark's participation in the European defense and security co-operation by abolishing the EU defense opt-out? (Proposed law on Denmark's participation in the European defense and security co-operation)
- **yes**: 1848738
- **no**: 914829
- **invalid**: 38257
- **total**: 2801824
- **electorate**: 4260944
- **notes**: Source: Statistics Denmark
- **map caption**: Results of the referendum
**Yes**:
**No**:
- **map size**: 300px
- **previous year**: 2015
- **previous referendum**: 2015 Danish European Union opt-out referendum
Hot wiener

**The hot wiener**, or **New York System wiener** is a part of the food culture of Rhode Island. It is sold at "New York System" restaurants.
Opt-outs in the European Union

In general, the law of the European Union is valid in all of the twenty-seven European Union member states. However, some member states can opt-out from legislation or treaties of the European Union, meaning they do not have to be part in certain policy areas.

Only three states have such opt-outs: Denmark (two opt-outs), the Republic of Ireland (two opt-outs) and Poland (one opt-out). The United Kingdom had four opt-outs before leaving the Union.
Common Security and Defence Policy

The **Common Security and Defence Policy** (**CSDP**) is the European Union's (EU) policy in terms of defence and crisis management. It is a main part of the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP).

The law includes:
- the European Commission's Defence Industry Directorate-General
- the External Action Service's (EEAS) Crisis Management and Planning Directorate (CMPD) and permanent Operation Headquarters (OHQs) for command and control (C2) at the military/civilian strategic level, i.e. the MPCC and CPCC.
- a number of Foreign Affairs Council (FAC) – such as the Military Committee (EUMC)
- four agencies, including the Defence Agency (EDA)
Pretty Poison (group)

**Pretty Poison** is an American dance group based out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Group members are Jade Starling (lead vocalist); Whey Cooler (keyboardist and guitarist); and Kaya Pryor (percussionist). Thomas Hays was also a guitarist as was Lou Franco. Pretty Poison is best known for their hit "Catch Me (I'm Falling)", a top 10 U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in 1987.
Jade Starling

**Jade Starling** is an American singer-songwriter, and the lead vocalist for 1980s band Pretty Poison. She lives in New Jersey. Starling is a gay-rights activist and an avid supporter of same-sex marriage. She also speaks phonetic Spanish and often records songs in both Spanish and English.
Planet Patrol

**Planet Patrol** is an American electro group originating in the 1980s. The members were Arthur Baker, John Robie, and a quintet of vocalists led by Herbert J. Jackson (lead singer), Joseph Lites, Rodney Butler, Michael Anthony Jones, and Melvin B. Franklin (not to be confused with Melvin Franklin of The Temptations). The group only produced a single album, the self-titled Planet Patrol in 1983, which peaked at #64 on the Billboard R&B Albums chart.
Erin Fitzgerald

**Erin Fitzgerald** (born September 21, 1972) is a Canadian voice actress who voices Raven Queen in _Ever After High_ and Mippy in _Trolls: The Beat Goes On!_ and _Trolls: TrollsTopia_.
Capsule hotel

A **capsule hotel** is a lodging establishment where the _rooms_ are sleeping compartments called **capsules** that each are the size of a single bed. Like in a hostel, the bathroom facilities are communal. Capsule hotels originated in Japan for long distance commuters who needed safe places to crash for the night and during the 2008 recession provided temporary housing for the underemployed. These hotels have since spread to other countries like China, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Belgium and Poland.

## Name in Japanese

Japanese: カプセルホテル, <small>romanized:</small> _kapuseru hoteru_ (capsule hotel)
Apartment hotel

An **extended stay hotel**, **apartel** or **serviced apartment building** is a lodging establishment that rents hotel rooms or suites on a longer term basis than traditional hotels. They can make great alternatives to traditional apartment complexes as there's no lease involved, yet the units offer similar amenities to conventional apartments, such as kitchenettes so people can cook in their rooms instead of going to restaurants for every meal. Units in extended stay hotels usually rent by the week and communial facilities usually include a guest laundromat, conference rooms \ business centres, cafes, etc.
Bengal Army

Bengal army was an army in India which was under the command of East India Company which was active in Bengal presidency.
Jan-Berry Burger

**Andries Johannes Burger** (born 25 August 1981) is a retired Namibian cricketer who was born in Newcastle, South Africa. He was a right-handed batter, a right arm leg break bowler, and an occasional wicket-keeper. Burger played in six One Day Internationals (ODIs) and 26 first-class matches for Namibia between 2002 and 2014.
Whitehorse Hill

**Whitehorse Hill** is a hill in the Berkshire Downs in Oxfordshire, England.
David Holford

**David Anthony Jerome Holford** (16 April 1940 – 30 May 2022), was a Barbadian cricketer who played in first-class cricket for Barbados from 1960/61 until 1978/79; and in Test cricket for the West Indies from 1966 to 1977. An all-rounder, he batted right-handed and bowled right arm leg breaks.

Holford was a cousin of Gary Sobers, and is best remembered for their unbroken sixth-wicket partnership of 274 at Lord's in 1966, which saved the West Indies from defeat by England. Holford's innings of 105* was his sole Test century.

David Holford died at his home in Barbados on 30 May 2022, aged 82. His family said he had been ill for a long time.

## Infobox (cricketer)

- **name**: David Holford
- **country**: West Indies
- **fullname**: David Anthony Jerome Holford
- **birth place**: Upper Collymore Rock, St Michael, Barbados
- **death place**: St Michael, Barbados
- **batting**: Right-handed
- **bowling**: Right arm leg break
- **role**: All-rounder
- **club1**: Barbados men's cricket team, Barbados
- **international**: true
- **internationalspan**: 1966–1977
- **testdebutdate**: 2 June
- **testdebutyear**: 1966
- **testdebutagainst**: England
- **testcap**: 124
- **lasttestdate**: 15 April
- **lasttestyear**: 1977
- **lasttestagainst**: Pakistan
- **columns**: 3
- **column1**: Test cricket, Test
- **matches1**: 24
- **runs1**: 768
- **top score1**: 105not out, *
- **bat avg1**: 22.58
- **100s/50s1**: 1/3
- **deliveries1**: 4,816
- **wickets1**: 51
- **best bowling1**: 5/23
- **bowl avg1**: 39.39
- **fivefor1**: 1
- **tenfor1**: 0
- **catches/stumpings1**: 18/–
- **column2**: First-class cricket, FC
- **matches2**: 99
- **runs2**: 3,821
- **top score2**: 111
- **bat avg2**: 31.31
- **100s/50s2**: 3/20
- **deliveries2**: 17,574
- **wickets2**: 253
- **best bowling2**: 8/52
- **bowl avg2**: 31.99
- **fivefor2**: 8
- **tenfor2**: 2
- **catches/stumpings2**: 83/–
- **column3**: ListA cricket, LA
- **matches3**: 14
- **runs3**: 135
- **top score3**: 46
- **bat avg3**: 16.87
- **100s/50s3**: 0/0
- **deliveries3**: 342
- **wickets3**: 8
- **best bowling3**: 3/29
- **bowl avg3**: 33.25
- **fivefor3**: 0
- **tenfor3**: 0
- **catches/stumpings3**: 4/–
- **source**: https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1/1281/1281.html CricketArchive
- **date**: 29 September
- **year**: 2025
Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib

**Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib** (; ; -570) was the father of the Holy Islamic prophet Muhammad.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib

- **image**: تخطيط لاسم عبدالله بن عبد المطلب.png
- **caption**: Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib's name in. Islamic calligraphy
- **birth date**: 548 CE
- **birth place**: Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia
- **death date**: 570 CE (age 22)
- **death place**: Medina, Hejaz, Arabia
- **resting place**: Medina, Hejaz, Saudi Arabia
- **occupation**: Merchant and clay-worker
- **spouse**: Aminah bint Wahb, Āminah bint Wahb
- **children**: **Son:** Muhammad
- **parents**: **Father:** Abd al-Muttalib
**Mother:** Fatimah bint Amr
Scinax cabralensis

***Scinax cabralensis*** is a frog.  It lives in Brazil.

This frog has spots on its back and stripes on its back legs.  Its nose looks round from the top.
Laundromat

A **laundromat**, **laundrette**, **self-service laundry**, **coin laundry**, or **coin-wash** is a business where people can wash their own clothes.

## Use

While most homes have their own washers and dryers, laundromats are still very popular with people who live in apartments and those who do not have their own machines. They are also used, even by those who have their own machines, for large bedding and other items that normal house washers cannot fit.
Some UK households have bedding (such as duvets and comforters) that are much too big to fit inside of home washing machines, and UK households may not have dryers, making laundromats the only way available for cleaning them or drying them.
Eloquent silence (Rotta)

***Eloquent silence*** (also known as ***Silenzio eloquente***) is a 19th-century painted in oil on panel made by Antonio Rotta, in 1850, in Venice, Italy. The artwork measures centimeters 26 x 36, exhibited at the Museum Palazzo Forti modern art gallery in Verona in Italy (named GAM Verona).

## Description

The art work describes the typical Venetian environnement noble du XVIIIème siècle la scène se déroule dans une salle avec un noble vénitien assis sur une chaise à trois pieds pendant que la dame lit sa correspondance.

Antonio Rotta, who often portrays socially humble conditions, is a painter typically present in the homes of the high nobility of Italy and Europe. Rotta's works depicting intimate scenes in interiors that describe the daily life of the nobility are therefore the most precious.

## Related pages

- Genre painting
- The Hopeless Case (Rotta)
- The little girl found in Venice (Rotta)

## Other websites

- Antonio rotta, Silenzio Eloquente, Galleria d'Arte Moderna Palazzo Forti, Verona, Catalogue général du Ministère du patrimoine culturel du gouvernement italien
- Opera d'arte Silenzio eloquente di Rotta Antonio (1828/ 1903), a Verona, Ministère du patrimoine culturel du gouvernement italien

## Infobox (painting)

- **title**: Eloquent silence
- **image**: Antonio_Rotta,_Silenzio_eloquente,_1850,_Venezia.png
- **image size**: 250px
- **alt**: See adjacent text.
- **other language 1**: Italian
- **other title 1**: Silenzio eloquente
- **other language 2**: French
- **other title 2**: Silence éloquent
- **artist**: Antonio Rotta
- **year**: 1850
- **type**: Oil painting, Oil on canvas
- **height imperial**: 26
- **width imperial**: 36
- **imperial unit**: in
- **museum**: Museum GAM Verona
- **italic title**: yes
Five Poisons

The **Five Poisons** (Chinese: 五毒; Pinyin: _wǔ dú_; Jyutping: _ng5 duk6_; Vietnamese: _Ngũ độc_)  can refer to:
- An ancient Chinese set of poisonous/hazardous animals, they are: Snakes.
Scorpions.
Centipedes.
Toads.
Spiders.

- Five threats that the Chinese Communist Party sees for its rule over Mainland China.
István Szőke

**István Szőke** (13 February 1947 – 1 June 2022) was a Hungarian footballer. He played as a midfielder for Ferencvárosi TC from 1965 until 1974. He also played for the Hungary national team from 1969 until 1973, making 13 appearances. He was born in Budapest, Hungary.

Szőke died on 1 June 2022 in Budapest of a stroke, aged 75.
Andrée Geulen

**Andrée Geulen-Herscovici** (6 September 1921 – 31 May 2022) was a Belgian teacher. She was a member of the Belgian Resistance during the German occupation of Belgium during World War II. She was a member of the Comité de Défense des Juifs group. She took part in the rescue of almost 1,000 Jewish children during the Holocaust.

In 1989, Geulen was recognized with the honorific Righteous Among the Nations.

Geulen turned 100 in September 2021. She died on 31 May 2022 in Ixelles, Belgium.
Takeyoshi Tanuma

was a Japanese photographer. He was born in Tokyo, Japan. He taught at Tokyo Polytechnic University. He was also the chairman of the Japan Photographic Copyright Association and Japan Professional Photographers Society.

In 2019, the Japanese government honoured him with the Order of Culture.

Tanuma died on June 1, 2022 at his Tokyo home, aged 93.
Uri Zohar

**Uri Zohar** () (4 November 1935 – 2 June 2022) was an Israeli movie director, actor and comedian who later became an Orthodox rabbi. Zohar was born in Tel Aviv, Israel. His entertainment career lasted from 1956 to 1988. His best known movies were _Hole in the Moon_, _Three Days and a Child_, _Every Bastard a King_, _Big Eyes_ and _Metzitzim_.

Zohar died on 2 June 2022 from a heart attack at his home in Jerusalem, Israel at the age of 86.
Luigi Einaudi

**Luigi Numa Lorenzo Einaudi**  (; 24 March 1874 – 30 October 1961) was an Italian politician and economist. He was the president of Italy from 1948 to 1955.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **embed**: yes
- **office5**: Member of the Senate of the Republic (Italy), Senate of the Republic
- **term label5**: Senators for life in Italy, For life
- **term start5**: 11 May 1955
- **term end5**: 30 October 1961
- **office6**: Member of the Constituent Assembly of Italy, Constituent Assembly
- **term start6**: 25 June 1946
- **term end6**: 31 January 1948
- **constituency6**: _National Constituency_
- **office7**: Member of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy, Senate of the Kingdom
- **term start7**: 6 October 1919
- **term end7**: 24 June 1946
- **appointer7**: Victor Emmanuel III


## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Luigi Einaudi
- **image**: Luigi Einaudi 1948 portrait.jpg
- **office**: President of Italy
- **primeminister**: Alcide De Gasperi
Giuseppe Pella
Amintore Fanfani
Mario Scelba
- **term start**: 12 May 1948
- **term end**: 11 May 1955
- **predecessor**: Enrico De Nicola
- **successor**: Giovanni Gronchi
- **order2**: Deputy Prime Minister of Italy
- **term start2**: 1 June 1947
- **term end2**: 11 May 1948
- **primeminister2**: Alcide De Gasperi
- **predecessor2**: _Position established_
- **successor2**: Giovanni Porzio
- **order3**: Italian Minister of Finance, Minister of the Budget
- **term start3**: 6 June 1947
- **term end3**: 11 May 1948
- **primeminister3**: Alcide De Gasperi
- **predecessor3**: _Position established_
- **successor3**: Giuseppe Pella
- **order4**: Banca d'Italia, Governor of the Bank of Italy
- **term start4**: 5 January 1945
- **term end4**: 11 May 1948
- **predecessor4**: Vincenzo Azzolini
- **successor4**: Donato Menichella
- **birth place**: Carrù, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy
- **death place**: Rome, Lazio, Italy
- **nationality**: Italian nationality law, Italian
- **party**: Italian Liberal Party
- **spouse**: Ida Pellegrini
- **alma mater**: University of Turin
- **signature**: Firma Luigi Einaudi.svg