juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
John Hermansader

**John Hermansader** (1915–2005) was an American painter, graphic designer, and jazz fan. He is remembered for his iconic designs of Blue Note record covers.

## Early years and education

John Bancroft Hermansader was born on November 1, 1915 near Reading, Pennsylvania. In the 1930s, he studied at the Memphis Academy of Art in Tennessee and the New Bauhaus in Chicago, Illinois. In New York City he studied with Robert Motherwell at the New School of Social Research.

## Jazz, Blue Note Records, Fine Art

In 1939, he and his wife Rosemary were founders of the Hot Club of Newark, New Jersey, a significant group of jazz enthusiasts. John became the first president.

In 1951, when Blue Note Records began issuing 10 inch records, Hermansader was one of their first designers, along with Paul Bacon and Gil Melle. Looking back at this era, Michael Cuscuna of Mosaic Records said, “ What John Hermansader and Paul Bacon really did was evoke the feeling of the music. They used everything from Bauhaus designs to things that were really otherworldly.” Angelynn Grant adds, “When people think of Blue Note covers they think of Frank Wolff”s photography and Reid Miles design.  But John Hermansader laid the groundwork that got them going along that path.” Richard Cook, who wrote Blue Note Records: The Biography states, “Hermansader in particular balanced the twin issues of photography and type in a way that would mirror the concerns of the Blue Note of the years ahead.”

“John Hermansader was passionate about oil painting, “beautiful lyrical abstractions, full of color and movement.”5 He was an abstract expressionist painter who drew inspiration for his work from listening to jazz.”
His exhibitions included and the Gallery of Contemporary Art at Sunken Meadow, Long Island, 1951–58, Panoras Gallery 1956, Art USA 1958.  His work is in the collection of Wake Forest (IL) College, and the Schwenkfelder Art Museum, PA, as well as private collections.

## Notable album covers

- The Amazing Bud Powell, vol. 1 & 2: Blue Note 12” LP
- Jazz Messengers: At the Café Bohemia, vol.1 & 2 Blue Note, 12” LP
- Miles Davis, vol. 1 & 2: Blue Note, 12” LP
- Horace Silver Quintet: Blue Note, 10” LP
- Jay Jay Johnson, vol. 1 & 2: Blue Note, 12” LP

## Other resources

- Jazz Album Covers – The Rare and the Beautiful, Manek Daver
- Jazz Graffico – Disaño y Fotografía en el Disco de Jazz 1940–1968, Ivam Centre Julio González
- http://www.birkajazz.com/archive/bluenote/10inch.htm
Citizen Ruth

***Citizen Ruth*** is a 1996 comedy movie about pregnancy and abortion controversy. It was directed by Alexander Payne, and starring Laura Dern and Swoosie Kurtz.
Play Dead

"**Play Dead**" is a song by Björk. It was released in 1993. The song is a single in the soundtrack of the crime drama film _The Young Americans_. The song was added as a bonus track to _Debut_ when the album was released again in November 1993 four months after being first released. The single reached No.7 in the Swedish Singles Chart. Bjork wrote the song with Jah Wobble and David Arnold.
Udaijin

was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods.

## History

The position was established in the Taihō Code of 702. The official acted in the context of a Council of State (_daijō-kan_) which was made up of the three men.
- the Chancellor or Prime Minister (_daijō-daijin_)
- the Minister of the Left (_sadaijin_)
- the Minister of the Right.

The Taihō Code system was replaced in the Meiji period.

## Related pages

- Imperial Household Agency
Sadaijin

was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods.

## History

The position was established in the Taihō Code of 702. The official acted in the context of a Council of State (_daijō-kan_) which was made up of the three men.
- the Chancellor or Prime Minister (_daijō-daijin_)
- the Minister of the Left
- the Minister of the Right (_udaijin_).

The Taihō Code system was replaced in the Meiji period.

## Related pages

- Imperial Household Agency
Wodan Timbur Coaster

**Wodan Timbur Coaster** is a wooden roller coaster in Germany. It is in the Europa-Park in Rust, Baden-Württemberg. The coaster opened on March 31, 2012.

## Ride

Wodan Timbur Coaster is in the "Iceland" section of the park that opened in 2009. It is the park's first wooden coaster. The coaster was built by Great Coasters International. They have built many coasters around the world. These include _Troy_ at Toverland and _El Toro_ at Freizeitpark Plohn. Wodan Timbur Coaster has three GCII Millennium Flyer trains. Each has polyurethane wheels instead of the normal steel wheels.

## Name

The coaster was named after the Germanic name of the Nordic god Odin. _Timbur_ is the Islandic word for _wood_. _Timbur Coaster_ means _wooden coaster_.

## Theme

The theme of Wodan Timbur Coaster is Norse mythology. The waiting line for the ride uses a large amount of detailed parts. These include fire, mist and water effects. The goddess of death, Hel, is also used. She has a turning sand timer. In the ride station, statues watch the train leave. They also turn to watch the train return to the station. The ride has several dives into tunnels.

## Infobox (roller coaster)

- **name**: Wodan Timbur Coaster
- **logodimensions**: 224px
- **image**: Wodan et Whale Adventures.JPG
- **imagedimensions**: 250px
- **caption**: Wodan's logo
- **location**: Europa-Park
- **section**: Iceland
- **year**: 2012
- **cost**: € 10,000,000
- **type**: Wood
- **status**: Operating
- **manufacturer**: Great Coasters International
- **lift**: Chain lift hill
- **height ft**: 131
- **length ft**: 3444
- **speed mph**: 62.1
- **inversions**: 0
- **duration**: 3:25
- **angle**: 52
- **capacity**: 1250
- **gforce**: 3.5 _g_
- **restriction cm**: 120
- **trains**: 3
- **carspertrain**: 12
- **rowspercar**: 1
- **ridersperrow**: 2
- **custom label 1**: Restraints
- **custom value 1**: Lap bar
- **rcdb number**: 10018
Dariusz Michalczewski

**Dariusz Tomasz Michalczewski** (May 5, 1968) better known as **Tiger** is a Polish boxer. He was World Boxing Organization, World Boxing Association, International Boxing Federation and Lineal champion in light heavyweight for nine years. He was undefeated for twelve years.

Michalczewski started his career in 1991. He won the World Boxing Association title against Leeonzer Barber, who was undefeated for 3 years. After that he combined the World Boxing Organization title and the Lineal title. He also won the Wold Boxing Organization title against Nestor Hipolito Giovannini in Cruiserweight. In 1996 he fought against Graciano Rochigani, who was one of the best Light Heavyweight boxer at this time. Michalchewski won at round 7. He combined the World Boxing Organization, World Boxing Association, International Boxing Federation and Lineal after a win against Virgil Hill, who was one of the world's best boxers at that time. In 2000 he fought the second time against Graciano Rocchigani. He won the fight in the tenth round by knockout. After the fight against Derrick Harmon, he needed one win to stop the record of Rocky Marciano, who was undefeated for 49 fights in a row. In his fortyninth fight, he fought in the Color Line Arena, Hamburg against Julio Cesar Gonzalez. Michalchewski wasn't trained and lost by split decision. In 2005 he made a comeback against the World Boxing Association Champion Fabrice Tiozzo. He lost the fight by knockout in round five. After that, he said that he never will fight again. In his best time, he counted with Roy Jones Junior as the best light heavyweight fighter of all time.
Suicidal ideation

**Suicidal ideation** is the medical terminology for thoughts of or preoccupation with killing yourself. It varies between fleeting thoughts and self-harm or making suicidal attempts. Most people who undergo suicidal ideation never really kill themselves, though some do. This condition is often triggered through being hopeless, depressed, anxiety, having panic attacks or strong remorse. It can also happen because of being abused, as a result of certain medications, due to bullying or feeling rejected.
PlayStation Move

**PlayStation Move** is a motion-sensing game controller platform by Sony Computer Entertainment which supports the PlayStation 3 and the PlayStation 4. The device uses a PlayStation Eye camera to record movements. It was released on September 15, 2010 in Europe and on September 17, 2010 in North America. Sony announced that the _PlayStation Move_ had sold 15 million units.
in 2016 playstation made a return to the move with the release of the playstation vr and the move can be used to interact with the objects in the virtual world.
Daijō-daijin

The  was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods.

## History

The position was established in the Taihō Code of 702. The official acted in the context of a Council of State (_daijō-kan_) which was made up of the three men.
- the Chancellor or Prime Minister
- the Minister of the Left (_sadaijin_)
- the Minister of the Right (_udaijin_)

The Taihō Code system was replaced in the Meiji period.  For a short time, this office continued to be part of early Meiji government.

## Related pages

- Imperial Household Agency
Skra Bełchatów

**KPS Skra Bełchatów SA ** is a volleyball club in Poland. The club started in 1930 as a football club. It began playing volleyball instead in 1957. The club plays in the Polish Volleyball League and they play in Bełchatów. Skra Bełchatów's owner is Polish company the Bełchatów Power Station. They won Polish championship in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014 and Polish Cup in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2016.
Belling the Cat

***Belling the Cat***, also known as ***The Bell and the Cat*** or ***The Mice in Council*** is a story which has become a traditional part of European and Western culture.

## History

The story may have come from Aesop. The earliest recorded versions are from the Middle Ages.

## Story

The story is about a group of mice who talk about what to do about a cat which threatens them. One wants to place a bell around the cat's neck.  All agree. Then one mouse asks who will volunteer to put the bell on the cat?  Not one stepped forward.

The story is about the difference between a good idea and what may be needed to convert an idea into action.

## Idiom

The story gives us the idiom _to bell the cat_, which means to try an impossible or near-impossible task.  In other words, it is easier said than done.
Crab louse

The **crab louse** or **pubic louse** is an insect, which is a parasite on humans. It is found most often in pubic hair, but also lives in other areas on the body with dense hair. It can be spread from one human to another by sexual intercourse, but also through garments, towels and besheets, for example in a hotel. Crab lice are still visible with the human eye, they are about 1.5-2mm in size.

Note that head lice and Body lice are different species.
Vera Fischer

**Vera Lúcia Fischer** (born November 27, 1951 in Blumenau) is a Brazilian actress.

### TV

- 1977 - _Espelho Mágico_.... Diana Queiróz (Débora)
- 1978 - _Sinal de Alerta_.... Sulamita Montenegro
- 1979 - _Os Gigantes_.... Helena
- 1980 - _Coração Alado_.... Vívian
- 1981 - _Brilhante_.... Luiza Sampaio
- 1987 - _Mandala_.... Jocasta Silveira
- 1990 - _Riacho Doce_ .... Eduarda
- 1990 - _Desejo_ .... Ana de Assis
- 1992 - _Perigosas Peruas_.... Cidinha
- 1993 - _Agosto_ .... Alice
- 1994 - _Pátria Minha_.... Lídia Laport
- 1996 - _O Rei do Gado_.... Nena Mezenga
- 1998 - _Você Decide_.... Annie (ep: Amor e Traição)
- 1998 - _Pecado Capital_.... Laura
- 2000 - _Laços de Família_.... Helena
- 2001 - _O Clone_.... Yvete
- 2003 - _Agora É que São Elas_.... Antônia
- 2004 - _Senhora do Destino_.... Vera Robinson
- 2005 - _América_.... Úrsula
- 2007 - _Amazônia, de Galvez a Chico Mendes_.... Lola
- 2007 - _Duas Caras_.... Dolores
- 2008 - _Casos e Acasos_.... Vera
- 2009 - _Caminho das Índias_ - Chiara
- 2010 - _Afinal, o Que Querem as Mulheres?_.... Celeste
- 2011 - _Insensato Coração_ - Catarina Diniz
- 2012 - _Salve Jorge_ - Irina

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Vera Fischer
- **birth name**: Vera Lúcia Fischer
- **image**: VeraFischerPorAndreaFarias (cropped).jpg
- **birth place**: Blumenau, Brazil
- **occupation**: Actress
Giovanna Antonelli

**Giovanna Antonelli** (born March 18, 1976 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian actress.

## Personal life

Antonelli is the daughter of Hilton Prado and Suely Antonelli. She has a brother named Leonardo Pietro Antonelli. She has a nephew named Gabriel. She married businessman Ricardo Medina on March 8, 2000. They separated in February 2002.

In late 2001, Antonelli started dating the actor Murilo Benício. He was her co-star in _O Clone_. They married in 2002. Their son Pietro was born on May 24, 2005. Antonelli and Benício separated in 2005. Earlier, in 2004, during their first separation, she dated businessman Alexandre Accioly.

In 2005, Antonelli met the American entrepreneur Robert Locascio. On May 5, 2007, they married in Italy. The marriage lasted only four months.

In 2009, Antonelli broke up with businessman Arthur Fernandes after two years.

She began dating director Leonardo Nogueira. On October 8, 2010, gave birth to the twins Antônia and Sophia. She wants to have another child before reaching the age of 40.

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Giovanna Antonelli
- **image**: Giovanna Antonelli.jpg
- **birth place**: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **occupation**: Actress
Pauley Perrette

**Pauley Perrette** (born March 27, 1969) is an American actress and homosexual rights advocate. She acts mostly in television programs. She played Abigail Sciuto on the series _NCIS_.

Perrette was born in Louisiana. She was raised in different regions of the United States.
Mehmed Orhan

**Mehmed Orhan**  (11 July 1909  5/12 March 1994) was the 42nd head of the Ottoman dynasty. He succeeded as head of the dynasty on 9 December 1983, after the death of Ali Vâsib. If reigning, he would be Sultan Orhan VII.

## Life

He was born at Serencebey Palace or at Kisil Toprak, Turkey. He was the son of HIH Prince Şehzade Mehmed Abdul Kadir Efendi, Captain of the Ottoman Army, by second wife HH Mihriban Hanımefendi. The marriage was not recognised by the Imperial House. On his 13 birthday he was ceremoniously circumcised in the Dolmabahce Palace.
He died in Nice and was buried there.

## Marriages and issue

In January 1933, Prince Mehmed Orhan married the Egyptian Princess HH Nafiye Yeghen Hanım Efendi. This marriage was annulled in 1947. In Paris in 1944, he got a Morganatic marriage with the French American Marguerite Irma Fournier. He had a daughter with his first wife and a stepson with his second wife.

- HIH Princess Fatma Necla Sultan (born in Cairo, 14 September 1933 - 2010 at Zurich)
    - Sultanzade Erol Mangos, (born 1954) by Ali Zeki Mangos
    - Sultanzade Osman Cem Germann, (born 1963) by Randoph Germann
- Mehmed Selim Orhan, (born in Paris, 3. October 1943) deprived since birth of title HIH Şehzade

_Eligibility note: A male person born to parents who are not married to each other at the time of birth is not included in the line of succession and passes no rights to their descendants._

Mehmed Selim Orhan de Turquie was born before his parents married in 1944. At the time of his birth, his stepfather was not divorced by his first wife.

Marcos Alberto Alcalai- born in Brazil in 1962 Mehemed Orhan's only biological child born of a relationship with a divorced woman, legitimized in Turkey in 1992 was not deprived of the title of HIH Şehzade

## References

- Genealogy of Mehmed Orhan
- Frebault, Henri. "Mehmed Orhan de Turquie ". _GeneaNet_. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- The History Files: The Ottoman Empire
College of the Holy Cross

**College of the Holy Cross** is a Jesuit university in Worcester, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1843.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Official Athletics website
- Unofficial Athletics website
- The Advocate
- The Crusader

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: College of the Holy Cross
- **embed**: yes
- **location**: Fenwick and O'Kane Halls, surrounding landscaping
- **locmapin**: Massachusetts
- **built**: 1843
- **architect**: Lamb, Capt. Edward, et al.
- **architecture**: Classical Revival, Gothic, Second Empire
- **refnum**: 80000491
- **added**: March 5, 1980


## Infobox (university)

- **name**: College of the Holy Cross
- **image size**: 175px
- **latin name**: Collegium Sanctae Crucis
- **motto**: _In hoc signo vinces_ (Latin)
- **mottoeng**: _In hoc signo vinces, In this sign you shall conquer_
- **type**: Private school, Private Nonprofit
Coeducational
Liberal arts colleges in the United States, Liberal arts college
- **founder**: Benedict Joseph Fenwick
Thomas F. Mulledy
- **religious affiliation**: Catholic Church, Catholic (Society of Jesus, Jesuit)
- **endowment**: $1.273 billion (2022)
- **president**: Vincent Rougeau
- **faculty**: 350
- **undergrad**: 3,233
- **city**: Worcester, Massachusetts, Worcester
- **state**: Massachusetts
- **country**: U.S.
- **campus**: Suburban, 174 acres
(70 ha)
- **colors**: and
- **sports nickname**: Holy Cross Crusaders, Crusaders
- **sporting affiliations**: National Collegiate Athletic Association, NCAA NCAA Division I, Division I –
Centaurus

**Centaurus** is a constellation in the southern hemisphere of the night sky.  It is named after a centaur, which is a creature that is half man and half horse.  The astronomer named Ptolemy listed Centaurus when he made a list of 48 constellations.  Centaurus is also one of the 88 constellations that were made by the International Astronomical Union.

In the direction of Centaurus is the Shapley Supercluster or Shapl (SCl 124). This is the largest concentration of galaxies in our nearby universe.

## Infobox (constellation)

- **name**: Centaurus
- **abbreviation**: Cen
- **genitive**: Centauri
- **pronounce**: , genitive
- **symbolism**: the Centaur
- **ra**: 13
- **dec**: −50
- **family**: Hercules Family, Hercules
- **quadrant**: SQ3
- **areatotal**: 1060
- **arearank**: 9th
- **numbermainstars**: 11
- **numberbfstars**: 69
- **numberstarsplanets**: 14
- **numberbrightstars**: 10
- **numbernearbystars**: 8
- **brighteststarname**: Alpha Centauri, α Cen
- **starmagnitude**: −0.27
- **neareststarname**: Proxima Centauri (α Cen C)
- **stardistancely**: 4.24
- **stardistancepc**: 1.30
- **numbermessierobjects**: 0
- **meteorshowers**: Alpha Centaurids
Omicron Centaurids
Theta Centaurids
- **bordering**: Antlia
Carina (constellation), Carina
Circinus (constellation), Circinus
Crux
Hydra (constellation), Hydra
Libra (constellation), Libra (corner)
Lupus (constellation), Lupus
Musca
Vela (constellation), Vela
- **latmax**: 25th parallel north, 25
- **latmin**: 90th parallel south, 90
- **month**: May
Car chase

A **car chase** or **vehicle pursuit** is a type of chase. It is when police follow a car to stop it and catch the person driving it. It is a popular theme in movies and on reality television.

## Other websites

- TV tropes
Elizabeth Gracen

**Elizabeth Ward Gracen** (3 April 1961) is a former Miss America Pageant winner and American actress who acted in movies and television programs before 2000. She was crowned Miss America 1982, and Miss Arkansas before that. Her acts included acting as Amanda in the TV show _Highlander: The Series_. She was born near Ozark, Arkansas and graduated from  Russellville High School in 1979.

## Filmography

Gracen played roles in other films such as
- _Three For The Road_
- _Marked For Death_
- _Pass The Ammo_
- _83 Hours Till Dawn_
- _Lower Level_
- _Discretion Assured_ and others

She also appeared in TV series such as
- _Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde_
- _The Sands of Time_
- _Death of the Incredible Hulk_
- _Extreme_ for NBC
- _Renegade_
- _Queen of Swords_

Recently in 2012, Gracen formed Flapper Films; a company that produces inspirational content.
Fremont, California

**Fremont** is a city in Alameda County, California, near San Francisco in the East Bay area. It is on the edge of Silicon Valley. As of 2020, 230,504 people lived in Fremont. Over three-fifths (60%) of the people are Asian-American.

Fremont has a large factory which opened in 1962. General Motors made cars and trucks there until 1982. In 1984, General Motors and Toyota opened the factory again together, as a company called NUMMI. Tesla, Inc. bought it in 2010.
Chevron Corporation

**Chevron Corporation** () is a large international energy company, based in San Ramon, California. It employs over 60,000 people. It is one of the six largest oil companies in the world.

In September 1879, the **Pacific Coast Oil Company** was created. They kept the name until 1906, when it merged with a Standard Oil subsidiary and became Standard Oil Company (California). Standard Oil of California and Gulf Oil merged in 1984, which became the largest merger in history at that time. The company would change its name to **Chevron Corporation** the same year. Chevron later merged with Texaco in 2001.

## Other websites

- Official site
Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)

The **Symphony No. 41 in C major, K. 551** is a work for orchestra. It was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788. It is also called the ***Jupiter*** symphony. It is his last symphony.

Michael Rodman writes in the _All Music Guide to Classical Music_ that the first movement is "characterized in part by the dramatic and effective [use] of unexpected pauses in the rhythmic flow through the use of rests, [and that] irregular and changing phrase length contribute ... to the dramatic impetus." He writes that the serene F major second movement is disrupted by "minor key episodes ... [and that] this light/dark conflict continues throughout". He points out that the gracefulness of the Minuet can be attributed to the flowing, even, accompaniment and the "falling chromatic theme". The trio has an "earthier, more overtly dancelike mood", he writes, but is "interrupted by a suddenly more serious" outburst from the full orchestra. The contrapuntal fourth movement is filled with "great tension and dramatic impulse" that is resolved only at the end.

## References

- Woodstra, Chris, et. al. 2005. _All Music Guide to Classical Music_.  All Media Guide, LLC. p. 895. .
Clarinet Concerto (Mozart)

The **Clarinet Concerto in A major, K. 622** is a work for clarinet and orchestra. It was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1791 for the clarinet expert Anton Stadler. Stadler first performed the concerto in Prague on 16 October 1791 on a basset clarinet. Mozart probably never heard this performance.

## References

- Woodstra, Chris, et al. 2005. _All Music Guide to Classical Music_. All Media Guide LLC. p. 895. .
Concerto for Flute, Harp, and Orchestra

The **Concerto for Flute, Harp, and Orchestra in C major, K. 299** is a piece of music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It was written in 1778. It is one of only two true double concertos that Mozart wrote. It is the only piece of music that Mozart wrote for the harp.

## History

Mozart was living in Paris at the time he wrote this concerto. He wrote it for the flute-playing Duke of  and his harp-playing daughter Marie.  Mozart never liked either instrument. The combination is a difficult one for duo. The work is pleasing and popular however. It is a favorite with harpists because there are so few concertos for harp. The Duke failed to pay Mozart for the concerto.

## Music

The orchestra is a group of strings, two oboes, and two horns. This small group makes the work suitable for an assembly room. The concerto is made of three movements. The opening movement is song-like. According to the _All Music Guide to Classical Music_, this movement is distinguished by dialogue-like passages for the soloists. The second movement is "florid" with the soloists accompanied only by strings. The third movement "is a lively rondo with a veritable parade of attractive tunes."

## References

- Woodstra, Chris, et al. 2005. _All Music Guide to Classical Music_.  All Media Guide, LLC. p. 895. .
Forward Kahuta

**Forward Kahuta** () is a small city in the Haveli District of Azad Kashmir. Until recently it was part of Bagh District; it is now the administrative headquarters of Haveli District.
https://books.google.com/books?id=BjhXAAAAMAAJ
Chevron

**Chevron** may mean:

- Chevron (graphics): a graphic symbol
- Chevron (geology): a rock formation
- Chevron Corporation
Julia Duffy

**Julia Margaret Duffy** (née **Hinds**; born June 27, 1951 in St. Paul, Minnesota) is an American actress. She was born near Minneapolis, Minnesota.

She has acted in a number of television situation comedies. She played Penny Davis in the 1970s television soap opera _The Doctors_. She played Stephanie in the 1980s sitcom _Newhart_. She played Allison Sugarbaker in season 6 of _Designing Women_.
Patrouille de France

The **** (, _French Acrobatic Patrol_), also called the **Patrouille de France** or **PAF**, is the aerobatics demonstration team of the French Air Force. They fly Franco-German Alpha Jet training airplanes. The PAF's aircraft are painted in three colours: blue, white, and red. These are the same colors as on the flag of France.

## History

The _Patrouille de France_ was created in 1947. The name first appeared in print for a 1953 aerial show in French Algeria. At this time, the PAF flew American fighter jets, specifically F-84Gs. Later, the team flew Mystère IVs. In 1964, the Air Force did not have enough money in its budget to continue the Patrouille de France, and disbanded it. But the Minister of Defence decided to bring the team back in 1965 because he liked it. They then flew French training aircraft, Fouga CM-170 Magister. They kept flying Fouga CM-170 Magisters until 1980. Since then, the PAF have flown on an Alpha Jets.

## Team

_Patrouille de France_ uses eight aircraft that all fly at the same time. A ninth reserve plane always stays on the ground, ready to take off.  The call sign of pilots is _Athos_ like the character from the famous book _The Three Musketeers_. If all pilots have an important role, both the essential leader and his second, called _Charognard_ (which is the French word for "scavenger") who present all the display.

A transport plane is always with the PAF for support. It is a twin-engine plane: Transall C.160 or Casa CN-235M.

## Demonstrations

Because they are seen as ambassadors of France, the PAF go on display all over the world. _Patrouille de France_ often performs in military parade performed to celebrate Bastille Day.  They fly over the Champs-Élysées on the morning of July 14. The aircraft unleash a plume of smoke lights. PAF often fly at the Paris Air Show, which is held at Le Bourget airport.

## Other websites

- Official website.
- Patrouille de France on the official website of the French Air Force .
Dammam

**Dammam** ( __) is the capital of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Dammam is the largest city in the Eastern Province. It is the fifth largest city in Saudi Arabia. It is part of the Dammam Metropolitan Area. It is an important commercial hub and port.

King Fahd International Airport (KFIA) is in the northwest of the city. Dammam's King Abdul Aziz Sea Port is the largest on the Persian Gulf. Its import-export traffic in the country is second to the Jeddah Seaport.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Dammam
- **native name**: الدمام _Ad Dammām_
- **settlement type**: City
- **image caption**: Coral Island, Dammam
- **image flag**: Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg
- **flag link**: Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia
- **flag size**: 80px
- **image shield**: Emblem of Saudi Arabia.svg
- **shield link**: Coat of arms of Saudi Arabia
- **shield size**: 40px
- **pushpin map**: Saudi Arabia
- **map caption**: Location in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**:  Saudi Arabia
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of Saudi Arabia, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, Eastern Province
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Dhaifallah al-'Utaybi
- **leader title1**: Provincial Governor
- **leader name1**: Muhammed Bin Fahd
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 800
- **area total sq mi**: 308.9
- **population note**: Dammam Municipality estimate
- **population as of**: 2009
- **population total**: 2,054,710
- **population metro**: 2,500,710
- **utc offset**: +3
- **utc offset dst**: DST not observed
- **postal code type**: Postal Code
- **postal code**: 314XX
- **area code**: 03
- **website**: [http://www.e-amana.gov.sa/ www.e-amana.gov.sa]
Microfinance

**Microfinance** is the idea to provide services banks and insurance companies provide to those people who usually are not served by such businesses. It is an important form of development aid. Serving these people is usually very expensive for banks and insurance companies; that is why they usually do not do it. Speciaized NGOs like Oikocredit provide these services:

- Banking and other services are based on a personal relationship, rather than commercial interests.
- Very often, several people apply for a loan or insurance together.

As an example, microfinance allows people in underdeveloped countries to start their own businesses for their family.
Spokane County, Washington

**Spokane county** is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. Its county seat is Spokane, Washington. As of 2020, 539,339 people live in the county. The county has 1,764 square miles, or 4,569 square kilometers, of land, and it was organized in 1858.
Grimm (TV series)

***Grimm*** is an American television series that started on the NBC television network on October 28, 2011 to March 30, 2017.

## Infobox (television)

- **runtime**: 42 minutes (without commercials)
- **creator**: Stephen Carpenter
David Greenwalt
 Jim Kouf
- **starring**: David Giuntoli
Russell Hornsby
Silas Weir Mitchell
Bitsie Tulloch
Sasha Roiz
 Reggie Lee
 Bree Turner
- **country**: United States
- **network**: NBC
Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)

The **Symphony No. 3 in E flat major ("Eroica"), Op. 55** is a work for orchestra. It was written in 1803 by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was completed in 1804, and premiered on 7 April 1805 at the Theater an der Wien. Beethoven did not want the symphony to be about Napoleon, but he did want to dedicate it to him. When Beethoven learned Napoleon had declared himself Emperor, he tore the dedication page in pieces. The symphony was published in 1806 with the subtitle "Eroica" (Heroic). The symphony has four movements (parts).

This symphony marked the start of the Romantic era.

### I. Allegro con brio

The first movement has a tempo of Allegro, which is moderately fast. It is in  time, and it uses sonata form. It starts with two loud E-flat major chords. Then, the first main melody of the movement is played by the cellos. After a few minutes, the second main melody is played in B-flat major.  The development section is significantly longer than expected in a symphony in the Classical era.  There is even a new theme introduced.  In the recapitulation, the first theme returns.  The second melody is played again except in E-flat major.

### II. Marcia funebre. Allegro assai

The second movement is a funeral march in the relative key of C minor.  It has a middle section in C major before returning to C minor for the recapitulation of the A section.

### III. Scherzo. Allegro vivace - Trio

The third movement is a scherzo, with the key returning to E-flat major.  The trio section features three horns.  The scherzo section returns in truncated form to finish the movement.

### IV. Finale. Allegro molto - Poco Andante - Presto

The last movement is in a theme and variations form.  There is a reprise of the theme in andante.  The tempo suddenly goes to presto for the coda; and the piece ends on three loud E-flat major chords.

## References

- Woodstra, Chris, et. al. 2005. _All Music Guide to Classical Music_. All Media Guide, LLC. p. 102. .
Symphony No. 4 (Mendelssohn)

The **Symphony No. 4 in A major, Op. 90** is an orchestral work by Felix Mendelssohn. He gave the nickname ***Italian*** to the symphony. It premiered in London on 13 March 1833.

## References

- Woodstra, Chris, et. al. 2005. _All Music Guide to Classical Music_.  All Media Guide, LLC. p. 822. .
Songs Without Words

***Songs Without Words*** is a collection of short piano pieces by Felix Mendelssohn. The collection was published in eight books of six "songs" each between 1829 and 1845. These pieces are suitable for amateur pianists of varying abilities. A few were given titles by Mendelssohn and his publishers: "Venetian Boat Song", "Duetto", "Folk Song", "Spring Song", "Hunting Song", etc.

## References

- Woodstra, Chris, et. al. 2005. _All Music Guide to Classical Music_.  All Media Guide, LLC. p. 827. .
Claire Dodd

**Dorothy Arlene "Claire" Dodd** (December 29, 1911 – November 23, 1973) was an American actress. She acted in several movies. She played secretary Della Street in _The Case of the Curious Bride_ and _The Case of the Velvet Claws_.

Dodd was born in central Iowa. She died from cancer in Beverly Hills, California.
DK Bongos

The **DK Bongos** are a special bongo-like controller that can be used in some _Donkey Kong_ games for Nintendo GameCube. The bongos are shaped like the ones seen in the _Donkey Kong_ games. The controller has a built-in microphone to detect clapping. It was introduced in the music video game _Donkey Konga_.

The DK Bongos are seen in various games from the _Super Smash Bros._ series. They are a part of Donkey Kong's "Final Smash" attack (a powerful attack that can be used to kill opponents easily).

## Games

- _Donkey Konga_
    - _Donkey Konga 2_
    - _Donkey Konga 3_
- _Donkey Kong Jungle Beat_
Donkey Konga

***Donkey Konga*** is a rhythm video game for the Nintendo GameCube. It was created by Namco and published by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on December 12, 2003, in North America on September 27, 2004, and in Europe on October 15, 2004. It is played with the DK Bongos, a controller that looks like two bongo drums. Two sequels, _Donkey Konga 2_ and _Donkey Konga 3_, were made. _Donkey Konga 3_ was only released in Japan.

The Japanese, European, and American versions all have different song lists. There are 32 songs in the Japanese version, 31 songs in the European version, and 33 songs in the American version. Music from Nintendo game series such as _Super Mario Bros._ and _The Legend of Zelda_ are included.

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Namco
- **publisher**: Nintendo
- **platforms**: Nintendo GameCube
- **released**: ***Donkey Konga******Donkey Konga 2******Donkey Konga 3***
- **genre**: Music video game, Music game
- **modes**: Single-player, multiplayer
Eat Bulaga!

***Eat Bulaga!***  formerly Eat... Bulaga!, is a Philippine television variety show broadcast by GMA Network. It is the longest running variety show in the Philippines, with over 13,000 episodes. Originally hosted by Tito Sotto, Vic Sotto, Joey de Leon, Chiqui Hollman and Richie D'Horsie, it premiered on Radio Philippines Network on July 30, 1979. The show was originally produced by Production Specialists, Inc., until TAPE Inc. took over its production on July 7, 1981.

## History

On March 9, 2020, APT Studios we're suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Infobox (television)

- **caption**: Title card since January 6, 2024
- **genre**: Variety show
- **theme music composer**: Vic Sotto
- **country**: Philippines
- **language**: Tagalog
- **camera**: Multiple-camera setup
- **runtime**: 150–180 minutes
- **last aired**: present
Senate of the Philippines

The **Senate of the Philippines** (Filipino: _Senado ng Pilipinas_, also _Mataas na Kapulungan ng Pilipinas_ or "upper chamber") is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, the Congress; the House of Representatives is the lower house.

The Senate is made of 24 senators who are elected  at-large with the country as one district under plurality-at-large voting.

The Senate shall elect its President and the House of Representatives its Speaker by a vote of all its respective members.

## Other websites

- Official Website
- Official Government Portal
Claire Windsor

**Claire Windsor** (14 April 1892 – 24 October 1972) was an American actress who acted primarily in movies in the silent era. Her career lasted close to 27 years, although she made many very notable movies in her career. Windsor was born in Marvin, Kansas. She died of a heart attack in Los Angeles, California at age 80.
Lamar, Missouri

**Lamar** is a city and county seat of Barton County, Missouri, United States. It is well known as the birthplace of President Harry S. Truman. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 4,266.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Lamar, Missouri
- **settlement type**: City
- **image map**: Barton_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Lamar_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location of Lamar, Missouri
- **pushpin map**: USA Missouri#USA
- **pushpin relief**: yes
- **pushpin label**: Lamar
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin map caption**: Location within Missouri
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Missouri
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Missouri, County
- **subdivision name2**: Barton County, Missouri, Barton
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 14.32
- **area land km2**: 13.51
- **area water km2**: 0.81
- **area total sq mi**: 5.53
- **area land sq mi**: 5.21
- **area water sq mi**: 0.31
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 4266
- **population density km2**: 315.88
- **population density sq mi**: 818.18
- **timezone**: North American Central Time Zone, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **elevation ft**: 951
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 64759
- **area code**: Area code 417, 417
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank info**: 29-40376
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank1 info**: 2395617
- **website**: [http://www.cityoflamar.org/ cityoflamar.org]
Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)

The **Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64** is a work for orchestra and solo violin by Felix Mendelssohn. He completed the concerto in 1844. It was written for Leipzig concertmaster Ferdinand David. The sonata rondo finale is written in E major. The concerto is a pillar of the classical repertoire.

## References

- Woodstra, Chris, et al. 2005. _All Music Guide to Classical Music_.  All Media Guide, LLC. p. 825. .
Piano Concerto No. 5 (Beethoven)

The **Piano Concerto No. 5 in E flat major ("Emperor"), Op. 73** is a piece of music for piano and orchestra by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was written in 1809, and was first performed in Leipzig in November 1811. It is the last of Beethoven's concertos.

Beethoven's growing deafness made it impossible for him to play the first performance. It was played by Friedrich Schneider. The work is written on a grand scale with themes that are martial at times, and at other times intimate and personal.

## References

- Woodstra, Chris, et al. 2005. _All Music Guide to Classical Music_.  All Media Guide, LLC. p. 126. .
Constraint

**Constraint** may refer to:

## In mathematics

- Constraint (mathematics)
- Constraint (classical mechanics), including:
- Constraint (information theory)
- Constraint algorithm such as SHAKE, or LINCS

## In computing

- Constraint satisfaction, in computer science
- Integrity constraints, an element of database design

## In business

- Theory of Constraints, in business management
- Constraint optimization, in finance, linear programming, economics and cost modelling.

## Related pages

- Limit
Amrapur

**Amrapur** is a small village in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
The road to it is from Kalavad to Ranuja, Dhutarpur, Summary, Kharavedha, Amrapur.

Amrapur is surrounded on three sides by a dam.

Most people there are farmers. Some of them are connected with animal husbandry.

Mr Vijaybhai Borsadiya is currently surpanch of the village‍.

## Statistics

- Population (approx): 250
- Buildings (approx): 25
- Temples: 3
- Shops: 2
- Primary school: 1

## Other websites

- The official Facebook page of village
Loch Morar

**Loch Morar** is a lake in Scotland. It is 310 metres deep, which makes it the deepest fresh water lake in Britain, and the third deepest in Europe.
Clark County, Wisconsin

**Clark County** is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.  As of 2020, 34,659 people lived there. Its county seat is Neillsville.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of . It has  of land. Water covers  (0.28%) of the county.

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census, there were 34,659 people, 12,768 households, and 8,589 living in Clark County. The population density was 29 people per square mile (11/km²). There were 14,755 housing units. The median (middle) age was 37.5 years. The age breakdown was 28.8% under age 18, 53.3% from 18 to 65, and 17.9% over 65.

The breakdown by race was 92.2% White, 0.5% Native American, 0.3% Black, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 3.4% from one other race, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos made up 6.1% of the people.

The largest groups by ancestry were 40.5% of German, 7.6% of Polish, 6.3% of Irish, 5.9% of Norwegian, 4.9% of English, 4.7% of American, and 4.0% of Swiss ancestry.

As of 2000, 6.62% said that they spoke German, Pennsylvania German, or Dutch at home. 1.34% said that they spoke Spanish.http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=55&county_id=19&mode=geographic&zip=&place_id=&cty_id=&ll=&a=&ea=&order=r

### Cities and villages

|Cities|||
| --- | --- | --- |
|{||||
|*Abbotsford (partial) *Colby (partial) *Greenwood *Loyal *Neillsville *Owen *Thorp *Stanley (partial)|}|{||
|*Curtiss *Dorchester (partial) *Granton *Unity (partial) *Withee|}||

### Unincorporated communities

- Atwood
- Bright
- Christie
- Chili
- Clark
- Columbia
- Eadsville
- Eidsvold
- Globe
- Hemlock
- Humbird
- Junction
- Lombard
- Longwood
- Lynn
- Nevins
- Reseburg
- Riplinger
- Sherwood
- Shortville
- Tioga
- Sidney
- Spokeville
- Veefkind
- Willard

### Ghost towns

- Kurth
- Maple Works
- Trow
- Worden

## Other websites

- Official Clark County Government website
- _History of Clark County Wisconsin_

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Clark County
- **state**: Wisconsin
- **ex image**: Clark County Courthouse, Clark County, Wisconsin.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Clark County Courthouse
- **founded year**: 1854
- **seat wl**: Neillsville
- **largest city wl**: Neillsville
- **area total sq mi**: 1219
- **area land sq mi**: 1210
- **area water sq mi**: 9.0
- **area percentage**: 0.7
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 34659
- **population density sq mi**: 28.7
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: www.clarkcountywi.gov
- **district**: 7th
- **named for**: George Rogers Clark
Violin Concerto (Brahms)

The **Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 77** is  a work for orchestra and solo violin by Johannes Brahms. He completed the concerto in the summer of 1878. It was written for Joseph Joachim. The concerto premiered in Leipzig on 1 January 1879.

## References

- Woodstra, Chris, et al. 2005. _All Music Guide to Classical Music_.  All Media Guide, LLC. p. 198. .
Fairview Alpha, Louisiana

**Fairview Alpha** is an unincorporated community in Natchitoches and Red River Parishes in the state of Louisiana. At one time, it was known as **Messick** and **Alpha**. Fairview Alpha was founded in 1912. The only major retailer in the community is Dollar General, which opening in December 2022.

## History

According to the USGS, Fairview Alpha was "originally named Messick for a family that owned a store here, however, when the Alpha School (Natchitoches Parish) and Fairview School (Red River Parish) were combined in 1912, the new name came into use".

The International Paper Red River Mill closing its doors on April 11, 2025, jobs have been lost, The company is reducing its containerboard capacity.

## Sports

- Fairview Purple - Local baseball team

## Education

The community is served by the Natchitoches Parish School Board and Red River Parish School District.

Fairview Alpha school attended are Fairview Alpha Elementary School (Grades PK-6), Goldonna Elementary and Junior High School (Grades PK-8), Lakeview Junior/Senior High School (Grades 7-12), Natchitoches Central High School (Grades 9-12), Red River Elementary School (Grades PK-5), Red River Junior High School (Grades 6-8), and Red River Senior High School (Grades 9-12).

The community are attended colleges and universities to Northwestern State University and Bossier Parish Community College.

The community are also attended private school to Riverdale Academy, Oasis of Love Christian Academy, and St. Mary's Catholic School.

### Online newspaper

- Fairview Alpha News - Facebook only newspaper, Launched in August 2023

## Notable people

- S. M. Morgan, Jr., member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1964 to 1968, was reared in Fairview Alpha and is interred there at Zion Baptist Cemetery.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Fairview Alpha
- **other name**: Messick and Alpha
- **settlement type**: Unincorporated area, Unincorporated community
- **pushpin map**: Louisiana#USA#North America
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **subdivision name1**: Louisiana
- **subdivision type2**: Parish
- **subdivision name2**: Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, Natchitoches, Red River Parish, Louisiana, Red River
- **established title**: Combined
- **unit pref**: US
- **elevation m**: 54
- **elevation ft**: 177
- **population demonym**: Fairview Alphan
- **timezone**: UTC−06:00, Central (CST)
- **utc offset**: -6
- **timezone dst**: CDT
- **utc offset dst**: -5
- **postal code type**: Zip codes
- **postal code**: 71019, 71411
- **area code type**: Area code
- **area code**: Area code 318, 318
- **blank name sec1**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
- **blank info sec1**: 541142
- **blank name sec2**: U.S. Route
- **blank info sec2**:
- **blank1 name sec2**: Louisiana Highways
- **blank1 info sec2**: