juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Dnieper

The **Dnieper River** is one of the major rivers in Europe. It flows from Russia, through Belarus and Ukraine, to the Black Sea. It is fourth largest by length in Europe.  Its total length is .  is in Russia,  is in Belarus, and  is in Ukraine. Its basin covers .  is in Ukraine. In antiquity, it was known to the Greeks as the Borysthenes.

The river is part of the Quagga mussel's native range.

## Related pages

- Warfare in southern Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Dnipro
- **name other**: (_Dnepr_)
 (_Dnyapro_)
 (_Dnipro_)
- **image**: Днепр код Кијева.jpg
- **image caption**: The Dnieper River in Kyiv, Ukraine
- **map**: Dnipro Basin River Town International.png
- **map caption**: Dnieper River drainage basin
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: Russia, Belarus, Ukraine
- **subdivision type5**: Cities
- **subdivision name5**: Dorogobuzh, Smolensk, Mogilev, Kyiv, Cherkasy, Dnipro, Zaporizhia
- **discharge1 location**: Kherson
- **source1 location**: Valdai Hills, Russia
- **mouth**: Dnipro Delta
- **mouth location**: Ukraine
- **tributaries left**: Sozh River, Sozh, Desna River, Desna, Trubizh River, Trubizh, Supiy River, Supiy, Sula River, Sula, Psel River, Psel, Vorskla River, Vorskla, Samara River, Samara, Konka River, Konka, Bilozerka River, Bilozerka
- **tributaries right**: Drut River, Drut, Berezina River, Berezina, Pripyat River, Prypiat, Teteriv River, Teteriv, Irpin River, Irpin, Stuhna River, Stuhna, Ros River, Ros, Tiasmyn River, Tiasmyn, Bazavluk River, Bazavluk, Inhulets River, Inhulets
- **custom label**: Protection status
Synod of Hippo

The **Synod of Hippo** was the synod of 393 that was held in Hippo Regius in northern Africa during the early Christian Church. Other synods were held in 394, 397, 401 and 426.

Some were attended by St. Augustine. The synod of 393 is best known for two things. First, for the first time a council of bishops listed and agreed a canon of Sacred Scripture that is the same as the modern Orthodox and Roman Catholic canon. The canon was later agreed at the Council of Carthage.

## References

- New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia - African Synods
- Schaff - The Code of Canons of the African Church A.D. 419
State Electoral District

**State Electoral District** means an electorate in the Lower House or Legislative Assembly of Australian states and territories. Most state electoral districts (except Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania, which have multi-member electorates using a proportional voting method) send a single member to a state or territory's parliament using the preferential method of voting. The size of a state electoral district depends on the Electoral Acts in the state and vary in size between them. At present, there are 407 state electoral districts in Australia.

State electoral districts do not apply to the Upper House, or Legislative Council, in the states which have one (New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia). In New South Wales and South Australia, MLCs represent the entire state, in Tasmania they represent single-member districts, and in Victoria and Western Australia they represent a region formed by grouping electoral districts together.

### Australian Capital Territory

There are three electorates for the Legislative Assembly, two with five members each, and one with seven members, making up seventeen members in total.

### New South Wales

There are currently 93 electoral districts in New South Wales.

### Northern Territory

There are 25 single-member electoral divisions in the Northern Territory, and 13 former divisions.

### Queensland

There are 89 electoral districts in Queensland, for the Legislative Assembly of Queensland.

### South Australia

There are 47 single-member electoral districts in South Australia, for the South Australian House of Assembly.

### Tasmania

There are 5 electoral divisions in Tasmania.

### Victoria

There are 88 electoral districts in Victoria, for the Victorian Legislative Assembly.

### Western Australia

There are 59 single-member electoral districts in Western Australia for the Western Australian Legislative Assembly. 42 are in the Perth metropolitan area and 17 are in the rest of the state.
First Amendment (disambiguation)

The **First Amendment** may mean any of the following:

- First Amendment to the United States Constitution
- Constitution Alteration (Senate Elections) Act, 1906,
- First Amendment of the Constitution of India
- First Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland
- First Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
- First Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa
Charter 08

**Charter 08** is a manifesto (a public declaration of your beliefs) initially signed by over 350 Chinese intellectuals and human rights activists to promote political reform and democratization in the People's Republic of China. It was published on 10 December 2008, the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, using a similar name and style from the anti-Soviet Charter 77 issued by dissidents in Czechoslovakia. Since its release, more than 8,100 people inside and outside of China have signed the charter.

One of the authors of Charter '08, Liu Xiaobo, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2010. He died of liver cancer in July 2017 while under medical leave during his prison sentence.
Tadeus Reichstein

**Tadeusz Reichstein** (20 July 1897  1 August 1996) was a Polish-born Swiss  chemist, botanist and Nobel laureate.

Reichstein was born into a Jewish family at Włocławek, Congress Poland, and spent his early childhood at Kyiv, where his father was an engineer. He began his education at boarding-school in Jena, Germany.

In 1933, working in Zürich, Switzerland, Reichstein made vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in what is now called the Reichstein process.

Reichstein, E.C. Kendall and P.S. Hench were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for their discovery of cortisone.

He died in Basel, Switzerland. The main industrial process for the artificial creation of Vitamin C still bears his name. Reichstein was the longest-lived Nobel laureate at the time of his death, but was beaten in 2008 by Rita Levi-Montalcini.

## Other websites

- Brief bio on the Nobel Website

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Tadeusz Reichstein
- **image**: Thadeus Reichstein ETH-Bib Portr 10137.jpg
- **birth date**: 20 July 1897
- **birth place**: Włocławek, Congress Poland
- **death place**: Basel, Switzerland
- **citizenship**: Switzerland
- **nationality**: Poles, Polish, Swiss
- **known for**: cortisone
- **prizes**: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1950
Everglades National Park

**Everglades National Park**  is an American national park that protects the southern twenty percent of the original Everglades in Florida. The park is the largest tropical wilderness in the United States and the largest wilderness of any kind east of the Mississippi River. An average of one million people visit the park each year.

Everglades is the third-largest national park in the contiguous United States after Death Valley and Yellowstone.

UNESCO declared the Everglades & Dry Tortugas Biosphere Reserve in 1976 and listed the park as a World Heritage Site in 1979.

## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Everglades National Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **photo**: Sunset over the River of Grass, NPSphoto, G.Gardner (9255157507).jpg
- **photo caption**: Sunset over the Everglades river of grass
- **map**: Florida#USA
- **relief**: 1
- **map caption**: Location in Florida##Location in the United States
- **location**: Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade, Monroe County, Florida, Monroe, & Collier County, Florida, Collier counties, Florida, United States
- **nearest city**: Florida City, Florida, Florida City
Everglades City, Florida, Everglades City
- **area acre**: 1,508,976
- **area ref**:
<span style="font-size:100%;"> federal</span>
- **visitation num**: 597,124
- **visitation year**: 2018
- **governing body**: National Park Service
- **website**: [https://www.nps.gov/ever/ Everglades National Park]
Manú National Park

**Manú National Park** is a biosphere reserve in Peru.

Before becoming an area protected by the Peruvian government, the Manú National Park was conserved because it was inaccessible; that is, people could not get to it. The park is fairly inaccessible by road to this day. In 1977, UNESCO recognised it as a Biosphere Reserve and in 1987, it was named a World Heritage Site.

It is the largest National Park in Peru, covering an area of 15,328 km². The Biosphere Reserve includes an additional 2,570 km², and a further 914 km² are included in a "Cultural Zone" (which also given protection), bringing the total area up to 18,811 km².

The park protects several ecological zones ranging from as low as 150 metres above sea level in parts of the Amazon Basin, to Puna grassland at altitudes of 4200 metres. Because of this topographical range, it has one of highest levels of biodiversity of any park in the world.

Overall, more than 15,000 species of plants are found in Manú, and up to 250 varieties of trees have been found in a single hectare.

The reserve is visited by birdwatchers from all over the world, as it is home to over 1000 species of birds. This is over 10% of all living bird species, and more than the number of bird species found in the entirety of North America.

The Park has one of the most varied collections of land vertebrates ever found in Latin American tropical forests.

## Infobox (unesco world heritage site)

- **child**: yes
- **criteria**: (ix), (x)
- **id**: 402bis
- **year**: 1987
- **extension**: 2009


## Infobox (protected area)

- **name**: Manu National Park
- **iucn category**: II
- **photo**: Manu_riverbank.jpg
- **photo caption**: View of a riverbank in Manu National Park
- **location**:
Madre de Dios Region, Cusco Region
- **nearest city**: Cusco
- **map**: Peru
- **relief**: 1
- **map caption**: Location within Peru
- **established**: May 29, 1973 (by 644-73-AG)
- **governing body**: [http://www.sernanp.gob.pe SERNANP]
- **website**: [http://www.sernanp.gob.pe/del-manu Parque Nacional del Manu]
Plane Stupid

**Plane Stupid** is a non-violent environmentalist group in the United Kingdom. It is against making airports bigger.

Plane Stupid was started in 2005 by Joss Garman, Richard George and Graham Thompson.

## Infobox (non-profit)

- **non-profit name**: Plane Stupid
- **founded date**: 2005, UK
- **area served**: UK
- **focus**: Environmentalism, Environmental
- **method**: Nonviolence Direct Action
- **homepage**: [http://www.planestupid.com/ www.planestupid.com]
Nissan Pathfinder

The **Nissan Pathfinder** is a midsize crossover SUV made by Nissan. Its competitor was originally the Toyota 4Runner. It has been around since 1985 and has had five generations since then. It featured hidden rear door handles, a design feature that was later used on the Alfa Romeo 156. The first generation was made from 1985 to 1995. The second generation was made from 1995 to 2004 and spawned an upscale version with the Infiniti QX4 that was sold in Japan as the Nissan Terrano Regulus. The third generation was made from 2004 to 2012. The fourth generation is a midsize crossover SUV that allows seating for seven and was made from 2012 to 2020. The fifth generation launched in 2021 for the 2022 Model Year.
Controlled drugs in the United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, certain drugs are classified as **controlled drugs**. Controlled drugs are illegal to possess, use, or supply to others without a license. These drugs are governed under the Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971. This act defines three categories of controlled drugs: **A**, **B**, and **C**. The penalties for illegaly possessing, using or supplying a controlled drug are different depending on which category the drug belongs to. Many of these drugs are also governed by other laws, such as the Medicines Act. Also, there are many other drugs that are not controlled by the Misuse of Drugs Act but that are controlled by other laws.

In 2023 the Scottish National Party called for the UK government to decriminalise the possession of all drugs for personal use.

Class A drugs are drugs that are considered the most dangerous. They carry the harshest punishments. Class C drugs are those that are thought to be much less dangerous. They therefore carry much less serious punishments. More serious punishments are dealt if the person is considered to have had the intention to supply the drug to others. Possession with intent to supply carries a maximum penalty of life in prison.

The laws governing the use and supply of drugs for medical purposes are not part of the Misuse of Drugs Act. A different set of categories apply, which are defined in the Misuse of Drugs Regulations. This sets out five schedules, each with their own restrictions. These restrictions say that a person can possess and use certain drugs if they have the proper prescriptions for them. A prescriptions must be given by somebody who is licensed to provide it (e.g., a medical doctor). The drug itself must be supplied by somebody who is licensed to supply it (e.g., a pharmacy).

|Class|Examples|
| --- | --- |
|**Class A**|Cocaine, heroin, ecstasy, LSD, psychedelic mushrooms, opium, morphine|
|**Class B**|Cannabis, codeine, amphetamine, methylphenidate|
|**Class C**|Alprazolam, flunitrazepam, diazepam, ketamine|
Lose Yourself

"**Lose Yourself**" is a hip hop song by American rapper Eminem. Eminem won an Academy Award in 2003 and a Grammy in 2004 for "Lose Yourself". It was performed live at the 2022 Super Bowl in Los Angeles and has had over 5,000,000 downloads in the United States alone.  It is from and about his movie "8 Mile." It is Eminem's second-biggest hit to date.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Lose Yourself
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Eminem
- **album**: 8 Mile: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture
- **recorded**: Late 2001 – Early 2002
- **studio**: 54 Sound Studio (Detroit, Detroit, Michigan)
- **genre**: * Hip hop music, Hip hop
* rap rock
* hardcore hip hop
- **length**: * 5:20 (album version)
* 5:26 (single version)
* 4:27 (radio edit)
- **lyricist**: Eminem, Marshall Mathers
- **prev title**: Cleanin' Out My Closet
- **prev year**: 2002
- **next title**: 8 Mile: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture#Songs from 8 Mile, 8 Mile
- **next year**: 2002
Geomorphology

**Geomorphology**  is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them.

More broadly, it studies the evolution of the topography of a planet. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform history and dynamics, and to predict future changes. They use a combination of field observation, physical experiment, and numerical modeling.

Geomorphology is part of geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology and archaeology. This range of interests leads to a wide variety of research styles and interests in the field.
George Marshall

**George Catlett Marshall** (December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959) was an American military leader. He was Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army during World War II, U.S. Secretary of State (1947-1949), and U.S. Secretary of Defense (1950-1951).

Marshall joined the U.S. Army in 1902 and served in France during World War I.

As Secretary of State, his name was given to the Marshall Plan, which was based on proposals by Lewis Brown and James Warburg and worked out by others in the U.S. State Department. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: <small>General of the Army (United States), General of the Army</small>
- **name**: George Catlett Marshall
- **image**: General George C. Marshall, official military photo, 1946.JPEG
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **order1**: 50th
- **title1**: United States Secretary of State
- **term start1**: January 21, 1947
- **term end1**: January 20, 1949
- **president1**: Harry S. Truman
- **predecessor1**: James F. Byrnes
- **successor1**: Dean Acheson
- **order2**: 3rd
- **title2**: United States Secretary of Defense
- **term start2**: September 21, 1950
- **term end2**: September 12, 1951
- **president2**: Harry S. Truman
- **predecessor2**: Louis A. Johnson
- **successor2**: Robert A. Lovett
- **order3**: 15th
- **title3**: Chief of Staff of the United States Army, United States Army Chief of Staff
- **term start3**: September 1, 1939
- **term end3**: November 18, 1945
- **preceded3**: Malin Craig
- **succeeded3**: Dwight D. Eisenhower
- **birth place**: Uniontown, Pennsylvania, Uniontown, Pennsylvania
- **death place**: Washington, D.C.
- **signature**: George C Marshall Signature.svg
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Katherine Boyce Tupper
Elizabeth Carter Cole
- **alma mater**: Virginia Military Institute
- **profession**: Soldier
Statesman
- **allegiance**: United States of America
- **branch**: United States Army
- **serviceyears**: 1902–1945 also through to 1959 (General of the Army regulations)
- **rank**:  General of the Army (United States), General of the Army
- **commands**: Chief of Staff of the United States Army
- **battles**: Philippine–American War
World War I
*Western Front (World War I), Western Front
*Meuse-Argonne Offensive
World War II
- **awards**: Distinguished Service Medal (Army), Distinguished Service Medal (2)
Silver Star
Nobel Peace Prize
John Isner

**John Robert Isner** (born April 26, 1985) is an American professional tennis player from Greensboro, North Carolina. He is best known for his first round marathon match at Wimbledon in 2010 against Nicolas Mahut, where they played the longest ever tennis match, which lasted 11 hours and 5 minutes and was played over three days.

## Other websites

- Isner`s official website

## Infobox (tennis biography)

- **name**: John Isner
- **image**: John Isner at the 2009 US Open 01.jpg
- **image size**: 275px
- **caption**: Isner at the 2009 US Open (tennis), 2009 US Open
- **residence**: Tampa, Florida
- **birth place**: Greensboro, North Carolina
- **college**: University of Georgia
- **turnedpro**: 2007
- **plays**: Right-handed (two-handed backhand)
- **coach**: Craig Boynton (2007–2012)
Mike Sell (2012–)
- **careerprizemoney**: US$, $7,057,564
- **website**: [http://www.johnisner.com/ www.johnisner.com]
- **singlesrecord**: 243–152 (61.52%)
- **singlestitles**: 9
- **highestsinglesranking**: No. 9 (16 April 2012)
- **currentsinglesranking**: No. 18 (3 November 2014)
- **australianopenresult**: 4R (2010 Australian Open – Men's Singles, 2010)
- **frenchopenresult**: 4R (2014 French Open – Men's Singles, 2014)
- **wimbledonresult**: 3R (2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles, 2014)
- **usopenresult**: QF (2011 US Open – Men's Singles, 2011)
- **othertournaments**: yes
- **olympicsresult**: QF (Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's singles, 2012)
- **doublesrecord**: 75–65
- **doublestitles**: 3
- **highestdoublesranking**: No. 26 (2 April 2012)
- **currentdoublesranking**: No. 167 (3 November 2014)
- **australianopendoublesresult**: QF (2009)
- **frenchopendoublesresult**: 3R (2008)
- **usopendoublesresult**: 2R (2009)
- **team**: yes
- **daviscupresult**: SF (2012 Davis Cup, 2012)
- **hopmancupresult**: **W** (2011 Hopman Cup, 2011)
- **updated**: April 26, 2014
Steve Keirn

**Stephen Paul Keirn** (born September 10, 1951) is an American retired professional wrestler.

Since the late 1980s, Keirn has run a school to train wrestlers. Originally located in Tampa, Florida, Keirn's "Professional Wrestling School of Hard Knocks" is now located in Brandon, Florida.

## Infobox (professional wrestler)

- **name**: Steve Keirn
- **birth date**: September 10, 1951
Jubilees

The book of **Jubilees** is an ancient book written in Hebrew. It is sometimes called the **Lesser Genesis**. It was known to early Christians and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church believes it to be a book of the Bible .
2010 US Open – Men's Singles Qualifying

The 2010 US Open Men's Singles Qualifying stage was a pre-tournament, played by competitors who were not automatically qualified for the main draw.

## Seeds

1. Marsel İlhan _(First Round)_
1. Go Soeda _(First Round)_
1. Karol Beck _(First Round)_
1. Édouard Roger-Vasselin _(First Round)_
1. Simone Bolelli _(First Round)_
1. Grega Žemlja _(First Round)_
1. Adrian Ungur _(First Round)_
1. David Guez _(Qualifying Round)_
1. **Ričardas Berankis (Qualifier)**
1. Rui Machado _(Second Round)_
1. Federico del Bonis _(First Round)_
1. Stéphane Bohli _(Second Round)_
1. Martin Fischer _(First Round)_
1. Ilija Bozoljac _(Qualifying Round)_
1. Ramón Delgado _(Second Round)_
1. João Souza _(First Round)_

<ol start="17">
<li> Josselin Ouanna _(Second Round)_
<li> Carlos Salamanca _(First Round)_
<li> Stefan Koubek _(Second Round)_
<li> Thiago Alves _(First Round)_
<li> Daniel Muñoz-De La Nava _(Qualifying Round)_
<li> **Robert Kendrick (Qualifier)_
<li> **Ivan Dodig (Qualifier)_
<li> **Kei Nishikori (Qualifier)_
<li> Kevin Kim _(Qualifying Round)_
<li> **Adrian Mannarino (Qualifier)**
<li> Conor Niland _(Second Round)_
<li> Rajeev Ram _(First Round)_
<li> Uladzimir Ignatik _(Second Round)_
<li> Izak van der Merwe _(First Round)_
<li> Mischa Zverev _(First Round)_
<li> **Benoît Paire (Qualifier)**
</ol>

## Qualifiers

1. **Ivan Dodig**
1. **Lukáš Rosol**
1. **Peter Polansky**
1. **Dušan Lojda**
1. **Andreas Haider-Maurer**
1. **Júlio Silva**
1. **Martin Kližan**
1. **Milos Raonic**

<ol start="9">
<li> **Ričardas Berankis**
<li> **Ryan Harrison**
<li> **Robert Kendrick**
<li> **Kei Nishikori**
<li> **Adrian Mannarino**
<li> **Rik de Voest**
<li> **Benoît Paire**
<li> **Marc Gicquel_'
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
Gisborne, New Zealand

**Gisborne** is a city on the East Coast of New Zealand's North Island. Gisborne is known as "the first city in the world to see the sun". This is because it is the first major city on the side of the International Date Line that sees the new day first.
Changi

**Changi** is a place in the east of Singapore. It has Changi Airport, Singapore Expo, Changi Air Base and Changi Naval Base.

## History

Singapore had its international airport at Kallang and Paya Lebar. But it expanded so rapidly that the Singapore government worried about having not enough space for airport to grow bigger. There were many proposals for a new location and the Singapore government chose Changi in the end.

## Other places in Changi

There are also other places in Changi, for example the Changi Prison, which had the Japanese Prisoner-of-war (POW) camps. These camps had the Allied powers prisoners staying there.

There is also the Changi Air Base, Changi Naval Base, Changi Point Ferry Terminal and Changi Ferry Terminal.
Southern Islands

The **Southern Islands** of Singapore is a group of islands at the south of Singapore. It features famous islands like Sentosa_(pictured)_, the Sisters Islands and Kusu Island.

## Development

The Singapore Tourism Board has spent close to S$300 million and took about 15 years to develop the southern islands of Singapore. This whole project is to bring gas, water, electricity and telecommunication supplies to the southern islands.
Coupe de la Ligue

The **Coupe de la Ligue** is a French football competition. It is organized by the Ligue de Football Professionnel. It was established in 1994. Its current champion is Olympique de Marseille.
Wrought iron

**Wrought iron** is a type of iron. It has very little carbon in it. Most steels have much more carbon. It also has some slag in it. This gives it a fibrous look similar to how wood looks. It is tough, malleable, ductile, and can be welded easily. It was most common in the old days when cast iron was the only other type of iron. Now mild steel is used instead. If it contains too much sulfur, it becomes very brittle when heated. Wrought iron has a rough surface that can hold paint and zinc for galvanization much more easily.

Wrought iron was one of the most common types of iron in the medieval times. Its popularity has declined. It is needed to make historical items look historical.

## Related pages

- Mild steel
Slag

**Slag** is a liquid residue from making iron. It consists of calcium silicate. The silicon dioxide in iron has to be taken away. The calcium oxide reacts with the silicon dioxide solid to make liquid calcium silicate, which is lighter than iron. It is drained out of the blast furnace. Slag can be used to make concrete. Air can be blown through molten slag to make a fluffy insulation made mineral wool.

Concrete made with blast furnace slag is almost pure white compared to ordinary concrete which is greyish.

## Related pages

- Steel
2010 US Open – Women's Singles Qualifying

The 2010 US Open Women's Singles Qualifying stage was a pre-tournament, played by competitors who were not automatically qualified for the main draw.

## Seeds

1. **Akgul Amanmuradova (Qualifier)**
1. Jelena Dokić _(First Round)_
1. **Monica Niculescu (Qualifier)**
1. Zhang Shuai _(Second Round)_
1. Varvara Lepchenko _(Second Round)_
1. Evgeniya Rodina _(Qualifying Competition)_
1. Shenay Perry _(First Round)_
1. Andrea Hlaváčková _(First Round)_
1. Mariana Duque Marino _(First Round)_
1. Anastasia Pivovarova _(Second Round)_
1. Patricia Mayr _(Qualifying Competition)_
1. **Zuzana Kučová (Qualifier)**
1. **Zuzana Ondrášková (Qualifier)**
1. Rossana de los Ríos _(First Round)_
1. Tatjana Malek _(First Round)_
1. Anastasiya Yakimova _(Second Round)_

<ol start="17">
<li> **Nuria Llagostera Vives (Qualifier)**
<li> Arantxa Rus _(Second Round)_
<li> Katie O'Brien _(Qualifying Competition)_
<li> Olivia Sanchez _(First Round)_
<li> **Maria Elena Camerin (Qualifier)**
<li> Anna Floris _(First Round)_
<li> Alexandra Panova _(Qualifying Competition)_
<li> Michaëlla Krajicek _(First Round)_
<li> Stéphanie Dubois _(Qualifying Competition)_
<li> Laura Pous Tió _(First Round)_
<li> Maša Zec Peškirič _(First Round)_
<li> Lilia Osterloh _(First Round)_
<li> Sesil Karatantcheva _(Qualifying Competition)_
<li> Anna-Lena Grönefeld _(Second Round)_
<li> Ekaterina Bychkova _(First Round)_
<li> Nina Bratchikova _(First Round)_
</ol>

## Qualifiers

1. **Akgul Amanmuradova**
1. **Nuria Llagostera Vives**
1. **Monica Niculescu**
1. **Mirjana Lučić**
1. **Sally Peers**
1. **Tamira Paszek**
1. **Mandy Minella**
1. **Lourdes Domínguez Lino**

<ol start="9">
<li> **Rebecca Marino**
<li> **Irina Falconi**
<li> **Maria Elena Camerin**
<li> **Zuzana Kučová**
<li> **Zuzana Ondrášková**
<li> **Olga Savchuk**
<li> **Sania Mirza**
<li> **Michelle Larcher de Brito**
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2010 US Open – Boys' Singles Qualifying

The 2010 US Open Boys' Singles Qualifying stage was a pre-tournament, played by competitors who were not automatically qualified for the main draw.

## Seeds

1. Diego Sebastian Schwartzman _(First Round)_
1. John Morrissey _(First Round)_
1. **Sam Barry (Qualifier)**
1. Diego Galeano _(Qualifying Round)_
1. Giammarco Micolani _(Qualifying Round)_ ***(Lucky Loser)***
1. Libor Salaba _(First Round)_
1. Shane Vinsant _(Qualifying Round)_
1. **Julien Cagnina (Qualifier)**

<ol start="9">
<li> Vitor Galvao _(First Round, retired)_
<li> Augusto Laranja _(Qualifying Round)_
<li> Karim Hossam _(First Round)_
<li> Gregoire Barrere _(First Round)_
<li> **Karue Sell (Qualifier)**
<li> Tomas Hanzlik _(First Round)_
<li> Gonzales Austin _(First Round)_
<li> Sai Kartik Nakireddi _(First Round)_
</ol>

## Qualifiers

1. ** Bruno Semenzato**
1. ** Michael Zhu**
1. ** Sam Barry**
1. ** Daiki Kondo**

<ol start="5">
<li>** Alexios Halebian**
<li>** Mackenzie McDonald**
<li>** Karue Sell**
<li>** Julien Cagnina**
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2010 US Open – Girls' Singles Qualifying

The 2010 US Open Girls' Singles Qualifying stage was a pre-tournament, played by competitors who were not automatically qualified for the main draw.

## Seeds

1. **Chanelle Van Nguyen (Qualifier)**
1. Lin Zhu _(First Round)_
1. **Sabina Sharipova (Qualifier)**
1. Klara Fabikova _(First Round)_
1. **Risa Ozaki (Qualifier)**
1. **Miyu Kato (Qualifier)**
1. So-Ra Lee _(Qualifying Competition)_
1. Katerina Popova _(First Round)_

<ol start="9">
<li> Gaia Sanesi _(Qualifying Competition)_
<li> Nour Abbes _(First Round)_
<li> Rishika Sunkara _(First Round)_
<li> **Robin Anderson (Qualifier)**
<li> Melis Sezer _(Qualifying Competition)_
<li> Lauren Herring _(Qualifying Competition)_
<li> Zhaoxuan Yang _(Qualifying Competition)_
<li> **Nigina Abduraimova (Qualifier)**
</ol>

## Qualifiers

1. ** Chanelle Van Nguyen**
1. ** Julia Elbaba**
1. ** Sabina Sharipova**
1. ** Brooke Austin**

<ol start="5">
<li>** Risa Ozaki**
<li>** Miyu Kato**
<li>** Nigina Abduraimova**
<li>** Robin Anderson**
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2010 US Open – Men's Singles

Juan Martín del Potro was the defending champion, but chose not to compete this year, after a wrist operation in May and only starting to practice again in August.

Rafael Nadal defeated Novak Djokovic 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–2 to win his first US Open title. It was his ninth career major and Nadal completed the Career Golden Slam with the win. Nadal became the first player since Rod Laver in 1969 to win the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open all in the same calendar year.

## Seeds

1. **Rafael Nadal (Champion)**
1. Roger Federer _(Semifinals)_
1. Novak Djokovic _(Final)_
1. Andy Murray _(Third Round)_
1. Robin Söderling _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Nikolay Davydenko _(Second Round)_
1. Tomáš Berdych _(First Round)_
1. Fernando Verdasco _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Andy Roddick _(Second Round)_
1. David Ferrer _(Fourth Round)_
1. Marin Čilić _(Second Round)_
1. Mikhail Youzhny _(Semifinals)_
1. Jürgen Melzer _(Fourth Round)_
1. Nicolás Almagro _(Third Round)_
1. Ivan Ljubičić _(First Round)_
1. Marcos Baghdatis _(First Round)_

<ol start="17">
<li> Gaël Monfils _(Quarterfinals)_
<li> John Isner _(Third Round)_
<li> Mardy Fish _(Fourth Round)_
<li> Sam Querrey _(Fourth Round)_
<li> Albert Montañés _(Fourth Round)_
<li> Juan Carlos Ferrero _(Third Round)_
<li> Feliciano López _(Fourth Round)_
<li> Ernests Gulbis _(First Round)_
<li> Stanislas Wawrinka _(Quarterfinals)_
<li> Thomaz Bellucci _(Second Round)_
<li> Fernando González _(First Round, retired due to a knee injury)_
<li> Radek Štěpánek _(First Round)_
<li> Philipp Kohlschreiber _(Second Round)_
<li> Juan Mónaco _(First Round)_
<li> David Nalbandian _(Third Round)_
<li> Lleyton Hewitt _(First Round)_
<li> Michael Llodra _(Third Round)_
</ol>
2010 US Open – Women's Singles

Kim Clijsters was the defending champion, and successfully defended her 2009 title, after she won 6–2, 6–1, against Vera Zvonareva in the final.

## Seeds

1. Caroline Wozniacki _(Semifinals)_
1. **Kim Clijsters (Champion)**
1. Venus Williams _(Semifinals)_
1. Jelena Janković _(Third Round)_
1. Samantha Stosur _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Francesca Schiavone _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Vera Zvonareva _(Final)_
1. Li Na _(First Round)_
1. Agnieszka Radwańska _(Second Round)_
1. Victoria Azarenka _(Second Round, retired due to concussion)_
1. Svetlana Kuznetsova _(Fourth Round)_
1. Elena Dementieva _(Fourth Round)_
1. Marion Bartoli _(Second Round)_
1. Maria Sharapova _(Fourth Round)_
1. Yanina Wickmayer _(Fourth Round)_
1. Shahar Pe'er _(Fourth Round)_

<ol start="17">
<li> Nadia Petrova _(First Round)_
<li> Aravane Rezaï _(Second Round)_
<li> Flavia Pennetta _(Third Round)_
<li> Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova _(Fourth Round)_
<li> Zheng Jie _(Second Round)_
<li> María José Martínez Sánchez _(Second Round)_
<li> Maria Kirilenko _(Third Round)_
<li> Daniela Hantuchová _(Third Round)_
<li> Alexandra Dulgheru _(Third Round)_
<li> Lucie Šafářová _(First Round)_
<li> Petra Kvitová _(Third Round)_
<li> Alisa Kleybanova _(Second Round)_
<li> Alona Bondarenko _(Third Round)_
<li> Yaroslava Shvedova _(First Round)_
<li> Kaia Kanepi _(Quarterfinals)_
<li> Tsvetana Pironkova _(Second Round)_
</ol>
2010 US Open – Men's Doubles

Lukáš Dlouhý and Leander Paes were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Martin Damm and Filip Polášek 6–7(7), 6–3, 6–4.

Bob and Mike Bryan won in the final 7–6(5), 7–6(4), against Rohan Bopanna and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi.

## Seeds

1. **Bob Bryan** /  **Mike Bryan (Champions)**
1. Daniel Nestor /  Nenad Zimonjić _(Third Round)_
1. Lukáš Dlouhý /  Leander Paes _(First Round)_
1. Mahesh Bhupathi /  Max Mirnyi _(Second Round)_
1. Łukasz Kubot /  Oliver Marach _(Quarterfinals)_
1. František Čermák /  Michal Mertiňák _(First Round)_
1. Jürgen Melzer /  Philipp Petzschner _(First Round)_
1. Julian Knowle /  Andy Ram _(First Round)_

<ol start="9">
<li>  Mariusz Fyrstenberg /  Marcin Matkowski _(Quarterfinals)_
<li>  Wesley Moodie /  Dick Norman _(Quarterfinals)_
<li>  Julien Benneteau /  Michaël Llodra _(Second Round, withdrew due to both players' injuries in their single matches against Tommy Robredo)_
<li>  Marcel Granollers /  Tommy Robredo _(Semifinals)_
<li>  Robert Lindstedt /  Horia Tecău _(Third Round)_
<li>  Simon Aspelin /  Paul Hanley _(Quarterfinals)_
<li>  Mardy Fish /  Mark Knowles _(Third Round)_
<li>  Rohan Bopanna /  Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi _(Final)_
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2010 US Open – Women's Doubles

Serena Williams and her sister Venus Williams were the defending champions, but as a result of a foot injury Serena withdrew from the competition.

Vania King and Yaroslava Shvedova defeated Liezel Huber and Nadia Petrova, 2–6, 6–4, 7–6(4) in the final.

## Seeds

1. Gisela Dulko /  Flavia Pennetta _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Liezel Huber /  Nadia Petrova _(Final)_
1. Nuria Llagostera Vives /  María José Martínez Sánchez _(First Round)_
1. Květa Peschke /  Katarina Srebotnik _(Third Round)_
1. Lisa Raymond /  Rennae Stubbs _(Quarterfinals)_
1. **Vania King** /  **Yaroslava Shvedova (Champions)**
1. Chan Yung-jan /  Zheng Jie _(Semifinals)_
1. Anabel Medina Garrigues /  Yan Zi _(Second Round)_

<ol start="9">
<li>  Cara Black /  Anastasia Rodionova _(Semifinals)_
<li>  Maria Kirilenko /  Agnieszka Radwańska _(Third Round)_
<li>  Alisa Kleybanova /  Ekaterina Makarova _(Second Round)_
<li>  Iveta Benešová /  Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová _(Third Round)_
<li>  Monica Niculescu /  Shahar Pe'er _(Third Round)_
<li>  Elena Vesnina /  Vera Zvonareva _(Quarterfinals)_
<li>  Bethanie Mattek-Sands /  Meghann Shaughnessy _(Quarterfinals)_
<li>  Hsieh Su-wei /  Peng Shuai _(Second Round)_
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2010 US Open – Mixed Doubles

Carly Gullickson and Travis Parrott were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to Gisela Dulko and Pablo Cuevas 2–6, 4–6.

Liezel Huber and Bob Bryan won in the final 6–4, 6–4, against Květa Peschke and Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi.

## Seeds

1. **Liezel Huber** /  **Bob Bryan (Champions)**
1. Cara Black /  Leander Paes _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Katarina Srebotnik /  Nenad Zimonjić _(Second Round)_
1. Bethanie Mattek-Sands /  Daniel Nestor _(Semifinals)_

<ol start="5">
<li>  Rennae Stubbs /  Dick Norman _(First Round)_
<li>  Elena Vesnina /  Andy Ram _(Second Round)_
<li>  Lisa Raymond /  Wesley Moodie _(Quarterfinals)_
<li>  Vania King /  Horia Tecău _(First Round)_
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
Brigadier general

**Brigadier general** is a rank in the army. They are normally in command of a brigade, about 3,000 men. It is between the rank of major general and colonel.  In the United States, brigadier general is also a rank in the Air Force and Marines and is also called O-7. Brigadier in the British Army is OF-6, and also in NATO. The difference is that NATO classes both first and second lieutenants as OF-1.
Hamilton O. Smith

**Hamilton Othanel Smith** (August 23, 1931 – October 25, 2025) was an American microbiologist and a Nobel prize winner. He was jointly awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was a leader in the field of genomics. He was born in New York City.

Hamilton Smith was, with Craig Venter, a leader in the Celera corporation's bid to analyse and sell information about the human genome. The basic idea was to find ways to make DNA sequencing cheaper so that everyone could have their DNA analysed. Then the information could be used for medical purposes.

Smith's award was for the discovery of restriction enzymes. These are enzymes that cut DNA at specific places. Such enzymes, found in bacteria and archaea, probably evolved to provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses. Inside a bacterial host, the restriction enzymes selectively cut up _foreign_ DNA. Host DNA is modified so it does not get cut up. Together, these two processes are called the restriction modification system. To cut the DNA, a restriction enzyme makes two cuts, once through each sugar-phosphate backbone (i.e. each strand) of the DNA double helix.

Smith was diagnosed with lymphoma in 2016. He died on October 25, 2025 at his home in Ellicott City, Maryland at the age of 94.
Macaroni and cheese

**Macaroni and cheese**, also known as **mac and cheese**, **macaroni cheese**, or **macaroni pie**, is a dish of macaroni that is covered in a cheese sauce. It can be bought packaged. It is a common food for children in the U.S. It was introduced in America by Thomas Jefferson in 1803. It originated in United Kingdom and originally was a high-class food.

## Ingredients

- Pasta (Usually elbow macaroni)
- Milk
- Cheese (Usually American cheese)
Cordell Hull

**Cordell Hull** (October 2, 1871 – July 23, 1955) was an American politician from Tennessee. He was the Secretary of State for 11 years. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for helping make the United Nations.

He was a lawyer in his younger years, and an Army officer in the Spanish–American War. He was a US Representative for over 20 years. He later was appointed to the Democratic National Committee. He then became a US Senator, but resigned because he was appointed Secretary of State. As Secretary he promoted a "good neighbor" policy towards Latin America and help for China in its war against Japan. He resigned from the secretary position when his health failed. He died in 1955 from heart attacks and strokes.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Cordell Hull
- **image**: Hull-Cordell-LOC.jpg
- **office**: 47th United States Secretary of State
- **president**: Franklin D. Roosevelt
- **deputy**: William Phillips (diplomat), William Phillips
Sumner Welles
Edward Stettinius Jr.
- **term start**: March 4, 1933
- **term end**: November 30, 1944
- **predecessor**: Henry L. Stimson
- **successor**: Edward Stettinius Jr.
- **jr/sr1**: United States Senator
- **state1**: Tennessee
- **term start1**: March 4, 1931
- **term end1**: March 3, 1933
- **predecessor1**: William Emerson Brock
- **successor1**: Nathan L. Bachman
- **state2**: Tennessee
- **term start2**: March 4, 1923
- **term end2**: March 3, 1931
- **predecessor2**: Wynne F. Clouse
- **successor2**: John Ridley Mitchell, John R. Mitchell
- **term start3**: March 4, 1907
- **term end3**: March 3, 1921
- **predecessor3**: Mounce Gore Butler
- **successor3**: Wynne F. Clouse
- **office4**: Chair of the Democratic National Committee
- **term start4**: November 2, 1921
- **term end4**: July 22, 1924
- **predecessor4**: George White (Ohio politician), George White
- **successor4**: Clem L. Shaver
- **birth place**: Olympus, Tennessee, U.S.
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **education**: National Normal University
Cumberland University (Bachelor of Laws, LLB)
- **awards**: Nobel Peace Prize
- **signature**: Cordell Hull signature2.svg
- **branch**: Tennessee Volunteer Infantry
- **rank**: Captain (United States O-3), Captain
- **battles**: Spanish–American War
Penalty (ice hockey)

A **penalty** in ice hockey is a punishment when a player breaks rules during a game. A referee or a game official will decide the penalty.  Normally it is done by placing the person in a penalty box for a certain amount of time. After that the player can go back into the game. There are several types of penalties. Some are more serious and some are less.
2010 US Open – Boys' Singles

The **Boys' Singles** tournament of the **2010 US Open** started on Sunday September 5th, the seventh day of the main tournament.

Bernard Tomic was the defending champion, but was no longer eligible to compete as a Junior this year.

Jack Sock, who received wildcard into the singles main draw, won this tournament, after defeating Denis Kudla in the final.

## Seeds

1. Juan Sebastián Gómez _(First Round)_
1. Márton Fucsovics _(Semifinals)_
1. Tiago Fernandes _(Third Round)_
1. Jiří Veselý _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Damir Džumhur _(Third Round)_
1. Jason Kubler _(First Round)_
1. Duilio Beretta _(Second Round, retired)_
1. Agustín Velotti _(Semifinals)_

<ol start="9">
<li>  James Duckworth _(First Round)_
<li>  Denis Kudla _(Final)_
<li>  Renzo Olivo _(First Round)_
<li>  Máté Zsiga _(First Round)_
<li>  Victor Baluda _(Quarterfinals)_
<li>  Dominic Thiem _(First Round)_
<li>  Roberto Quiroz _(First Round)_
<li>  Mitchell Frank _(Third Round)_
</ol>

## Qualifying draw

1. Sam Barry
1. Julien Cagnina
1. Alexios Halebian
1. Daiki Kondo
1. Mackenzie McDonald
1. Karue Sell
1. Bruno Semenzato
1. Michael Zhu

The following player received the lucky loser spot:
1. Giammarco Micolani

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
Peter Scott

Sir **Peter Markham Scott** <small>CH CBE DSC and Bar FRS</small> (London, 14 September 1909 – Bristol, 29 August 1989) was a British ornithologist, conservationist, painter, Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve officer and sportsman.

Scott was knighted in 1973 for his contribution to the conservation of wild animals. He had been a founder of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), a founder of several wetlands bird sactuaries in Britain, and an influence on international conservation. He received the WWF Gold Medal, and the J. Paul Getty Prize for his work.

## Early life

Scott was born in London, the only child of Antarctic explorer Robert Falcon Scott (_Scott of the Antarctic_) and sculptor Kathleen Bruce. He was two years old when his father died. Robert Scott, in a last letter to his wife, advised her to "make the boy interested in natural history if you can; it is better than games".

He was educated at Oundle School and Trinity College, Cambridge, at first taking Natural Sciences but graduating in the History of Art in 1931. After graduating, he studied art in Germany and London.

He had his first exhibition in London in 1933, and sold his first paintings. In 1935 he published _Morning Flight_, illustrated by himself. As a young man, Scott was not wealthy, and the income from his paintings was the basis of his life. The paintings themselves sold well, but most of the income came from books and reproductions. The reproductions, which were printed by Ankermann of Bond Street, are still selling well. From this 'income stream' Scott was able to keep a family, and buy some of the land he wanted for wildfowl refuges.

In the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, he represented Great Britain at sailing, winning a bronze medal in the smallest class of boat, the O-Jolle or dinghy.

### World War II

As war approached, in 1939, he joined the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. In 1940 he was a in a Destroyer as a Lieutenant. After joining Coastal Forces he rose to Lieutenant-Commander and commanded a flotilla of Motor Gun Boats in the Channel. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross with bar and an MBE (Military Division). In 1944 he was a Staff Officer and in March 1945 he was appointed Captain of the brand new Frigate HMS 'Cardigan Bay'.

## After the war

In 1948, he founded the organisation with which he was ever afterwards closely associated, the Severn Wildfowl Trust (now the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust) with its headquarters at Slimbridge in Gloucestershire.

In the years that followed, he became a television personality, popularising the study of wildfowl and wetlands. His BBC natural history series, _Look_, ran from 1955 to 1981 and made him a household name. From 1973 to 1983, Scott was Chancellor of the University of Birmingham.

He was the founder President of the Society of Wildlife Artists and President of the Nature in Art Trust, (a role in which Philippa succeeded him).
2010 US Open – Girls' Singles

Heather Watson was the defending champion, but was no longer eligible to compete as a Junior that year.

Daria Gavrilova won this event, after beating her compatriot Yulia Putintseva 6–3, 6–2 in the final.

## Seeds

1. **Daria Gavrilova (Champion)**
1. Tímea Babos _(Second Round)_
1. Irina Khromacheva _(Second Round)_
1. Elina Svitolina _(Third Round)_
1. Mónica Puig _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Karolína Plíšková _(Quarterfinals)_
1. Kristýna Plíšková _(Second Round)_
1. Laura Robson _(Third Round)_

<ol start="9">
<li>  Gabriela Dabrowski _(Third Round)_
<li>  Jana Čepelová _(Second Round)_
<li>  An-Sophie Mestach _(First Round)_
<li>  Zheng Saisai _(First Round)_
<li>  Tang Haochen _(Third Round)_
<li>  Beatrice Capra _(withdrew due to fatigue after playing three rounds in the women's singles event)_
<li>  Sloane Stephens _(Semifinals)_
<li>  María-Teresa Torro-Flor _(First Round)_
</ol>

## Qualifying draw

1. Nigina Abduraimova
1. Robin Anderson
1. Brooke Austin
1. Julia Elbaba
1. Miyu Kato
1. Risa Ozaki
1. Sabina Sharipova
1. Chanelle Van Nguyen

The following player received the lucky loser spot:
1. Gabrielle Desimone

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2010 US Open – Boys' Doubles

Márton Fucsovics and Hsieh Cheng-peng were the defending champions, but Hsieh did not enter the junior competition this year. Fucsovics played alongside Máté Zsiga, but the team lost to Guilherme Clézar and Tiago Fernandes in the second round.

Duilio Beretta and Roberto Quiroz defeated Oliver Golding and Jiří Veselý 6–1, 7–5 in the final.

## Seeds

1. Márton Fucsovics /  Máté Zsiga _(Second Round)_
1. Renzo Olivo /  Agustín Velotti _(First Round)_
1. **Duilio Beretta** /  **Roberto Quiroz (Champions)**
1. Oliver Golding /  Jiří Veselý _(Final)_

<ol start="5">
<li>  Juan Sebastián Gómez /  Yasutaka Uchiyama _(First Round)_
<li>  Damir Džumhur /  Mate Pavić _(Quarterfinals)_
<li>  Denis Kudla /  Raymond Sarmiento _(First Round)_
<li>  Huang Liang-chi /  Ouyang Bowen _(Second Round)_
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2010 US Open – Girls' Doubles

Valeria Solovieva and Maryna Zanevska were the defending champions but did not enter the junior competition this year.

Tímea Babos and Sloane Stephens won the title, after their opponents - An-Sophie Mestach and Silvia Njirić withdrew before the final match.

## Seeds

1. Daria Gavrilova /  Irina Khromacheva _(Semifinals)_
1. Karolína Plíšková /  Kristýna Plíšková _(First Round)_
1. **Tímea Babos** /  **Sloane Stephens (Champions)**
1. Caroline Garcia /  Mónica Puig _(First Round)_

<ol start="5">
<li>  Jana Čepelová /  Chantal Škamlová _(Quarterfinals)_
<li>  Verónica Cepede Royg /  Cristina Dinu _(Second Round)_
<li>  Ons Jabeur /  Yulia Putintseva _(Quarterfinals)_
<li>  Eugenie Bouchard /  Gabriela Dabrowski _(Second Round)_
</ol>

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2010 US Open – Wheelchair Men's Singles

Shingo Kunieda, defended his 2009 title after Nicolas Peifer withdrew from the final.

## Seeds

1. **Shingo Kunieda (Champion)**
1. Maikel Scheffers _(Semifinals)_

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open

pl:US Open 2010#Gra pojedyncza mężczyzn na wózkach
2010 US Open – Wheelchair Women's Singles

Esther Vergeer, defended her 2009 title, after a win against Daniela Di Toro 6–0, 6–0 in the final.

## Seeds

1. **Esther Vergeer (Champion)**
1. Sharon Walraven _(Semifinals)_

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open

pl:US Open 2010#Gra pojedyncza kobiet na wózkach
2010 US Open – Wheelchair Men's Doubles

Stéphane Houdet and Stefan Olsson were the defending champions, but lost in the first round to eventual champions Maikel Scheffers and Ronald Vink.

Maikel Scheffers and Ronald Vink won this event, after won 6–0, 6–0, against Nicolas Peifer and Jon Rydberg in the final.

## Seeds

1. Robin Ammerlaan /  Shingo Kunieda _(First Round, withdrew)_
1. Stéphane Houdet /  Stefan Olsson _(First Round)_

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open
2010 US Open – Wheelchair Women's Doubles

Korie Homan and Esther Vergeer were the defending champions, only Vergeer competed in the event.

Esther Vergeer and Sharon Walraven won this tournament, after they won in the final 6–3, 6–3, against Daniela Di Toro and Aniek van Koot.

## Seeds

1. Daniela Di Toro /  Aniek van Koot _(Final)_
1. **Esther Vergeer** /  **Sharon Walraven (Champions)**

## Other websites

- Official site of US Open