juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Bismarck herring

The **Bismarck herring** is pickled fresh, filleted Baltic Sea herring, traditionally packed in small wooden barrels.

Johann Wiechmann had a store in Stralsund, Germany, and his wife, Karoline, prepared the herring for sale. Wiechmann admired Otto von Bismarck and sent a barrel on Bismarck's birthday.

When the German Empire was created, Wiechmann  sent Bismarck a second barrel but this time asked to name the herrings after him. Bismarck agreed, and the original recipe of Bismarck herring was sold until the end of World War II. It was revived in 1997 in Stralsund.
Águas de São Pedro

**Águas de São Pedro** (IPA: ) is a Brazilian city of the state of São Paulo. It is the second smallest Brazilian city in area, with only 3.612 km².

## Other websites

- Águas de São Pedro Official Website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Águas de São Pedro
- **official name**: Municipality of the Hydromineral Spa of Águas de São Pedro
_Município da Estância Hidromineral de Águas de São Pedro_
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **image skyline**: Aguas de Sao Pedro Landscape 02.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250
- **image caption**: Midtown and Jardim Iporanga neighborhood
- **nickname**: Águas
- **motto**: (Latin language, Latin for Peace and Health for Everyone)
- **anthem**: Hino a Águas de São Pedro
- **image flag**: Bandeira Águas de São Pedro.png
- **image shield**: Brasão Águas de São Pedro.png
- **image map**: SaoPaulo Municip AguasdeSaoPedro.svg
- **mapsize**: 250px
- **map caption**: Location in the state of São Paulo state, São Paulo
- **pushpin map**: Brazil
- **pushpin label position**: bottom
- **pushpin mapsize**: 250
- **pushpin map caption**: Location of the municipality in Brazil
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Brazil, Region
- **subdivision type2**: States of Brazil, State
- **subdivision name1**: Southeast Region, Brazil, Southeast
- **leader title**: Mayors in Brazil, Mayor
- **leader name**: Paulo Sergio Barboza de Lima
- **leader party**: Brazilian Social Democratic Party, PSDB
- **leader title1**: Alderman, Aldermen
- **established title**: Founded
- **established title2**: Municipal incorporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: 25 July 1940
- **established date2**: 24 December 1948
- **founder**: Octavio Moura Andrade
- **named for**: Saint Peter and São Pedro, São Paulo, São Pedro
- **area total km2**: 3.612
- **area urban km2**: 3.612
- **population est**: 3268
- **population rank**: 5,199th, Brazil
- **pop est as of**: 2017
- **population as of**: 2010
- **population total**: 2707
- **population density km2**: 749.45
- **demographics type1**: Ethnicity
- **demographics1 title1**: White
- **demographics1 info1**: 87.22% (2,361 inhabitants)
- **demographics1 title2**: Brown
- **demographics1 info2**: 10.31% (279 inhabitants)
- **demographics1 title3**: Black
- **demographics1 info3**: 1.51% (41 inhabitants)
- **demographics1 title4**: Yellow
- **demographics1 info4**: 0.96% (26 inhabitants)
- **timezone**: Time in Brazil, BRT
- **utc offset**: -3
- **timezone dst**: Daylight saving time in Brazil, BRST
- **utc offset dst**: -2
- **elevation m**: 515.24
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 13525-000
- **area code**: 19
- **blank name**: Human Development Index, HDI <span style="font-weight: normal">(2010)</span>
- **blank info**: 0.854 – <span style="color:#090">very high</span>
Dot Jones

**Dot Jones** (born on January 4, 1964 as Dorothy-Marie Jones) is an athlete and actress who has had multiple roles in television. She played Shannon Beiste in _Glee_.

Dot was born in Turlock, California and moved to Hilmar, where she grew up. When she was in middle school, she became very tall very fast. This made her back hurt, so she started exercising by lifting weights to strengthen the muscles. By high school, she was very good at lifting weights and won contests. She was named the school's female athlete of the year. When she was 19, she tried arm wrestling, and was very good at it. She won the world championship 15 times.

After she graduated high school, Dot went to Modesto Junior College, and then California State University, where she kept playing sports. She got a scholarship for track, which paid for her classes. She played softball and the track sport shot put and set records in the sport. After college, Dot worked with troubled children at the Fresno County Juvenile Probation center while continuing her involvement with sports.

Dot, who had never thought of acting, was seen at a bodybuilding contest by Shirley Eson, who was on the TV show American Gladiators. Shirley said Dot should try out for the show _Knights and Warriors_, which was like _American Gladiators_. Dot got the part.

After _Knights and Warriors_ ended, Dot acted in other shows, such as _Full House_, _Roseanne_, _Chicago Hope_, _Lizzie McGuire_, _The Suite Life of Zack and Cody_, _iCarly_ and _Desperate Housewives_. Dot was well known for playing Coach Kelly on _Lizzie McGuire_. Dot is friends with Ryan Murphy, a man who helped create the TV show _Glee_. Dot is a fan of the show and asked if she could be in it. Ryan created the character Coach Beiste for her.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Dot Jones by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **name**: Dot Jones
- **birth place**: Turlock, California, United States of America
- **birthname**: Dorothy-Marie Jones
- **yearsactive**: 1992–Present
- **alma mater**: Fresno State University
- **occupation**: Athlete
 Actress
- **known for**: Coach Kelly on _Lizzie McGuire_
Coach Beiste on _Glee (TV series), Glee_
- **alias**: Dot-Marie Jones
CT

**CT** can mean:
- Connecticut, a US state
- Calgary Transit, a public transportation agency in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- CT scan, a medical scan
Pat Quinn (politician)

**Patrick Joseph "Pat" Quinn III** (born December 16, 1948), is an American politician. He was the Governor of Illinois from 2009 to 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was Lieutenant Governor of Illinois from 2003 to 2009. He lost re-election in 2014 to Bruce Rauner.

## Early life

Quinn was born on December 16, 1948 in Hinsdale, Illinois. He is of Irish descent. He studied at Georgetown University and at Northwestern University.

## Career

He became Governor on January 29, 2009 when Rod Blagojevich, the state's earlier Governor, was impeached and thrown out of office. He praised the Illinois General Assembly for Blagojevich's impeachment.

He was elected into office during the 2010 gubernatorial election. He defeated Republican Bill Brady.

As governor he faced severe short-term budget shortfalls and a long-term state debt, all in the context of the worst national economic slump since the Great Depression of the 1930s.

Quinn has pushed for spending cuts and tax increases, while trying to raise ethical standards, protect public-sector labor unions, and maintain environmental standards.

In November 2014, Quinn lost his re-election campaign to Republican Bruce Rauner.

On October 27, 2017, Quinn announced his candidacy for Attorney General of Illinois.

## Personal life

Quinn is divorced and has two sons, Patrick IV and David, born on April 12, 1983, and December 16, 1984, respectively. Quinn was briefly a practicing tax attorney before his career in public office.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Pat Quinn
- **birth name**: Patrick Joseph Quinn III
- **image**: Pat Quinn Chicago Pride Parade 2018 (cropped).jpg
- **order**: List of Governors of Illinois, 41st
- **office**: Governor of Illinois
- **lieutenant**: _None_ <small>(2009-2011)</small>
Sheila Simon <small>(2011-2015)</small>
- **term start**: January 29, 2009
- **term end**: January 12, 2015
- **predecessor**: Rod Blagojevich
- **successor**: Bruce Rauner
- **office1**: 45th Lieutenant Governor of Illinois
- **governor1**: Rod Blagojevich
- **term start1**: January 13, 2003
- **term end1**: January 29, 2009
- **predecessor1**: Corinne Wood
- **successor1**: Sheila Simon
- **office2**: Illinois Treasurer, Treasurer of Illinois
- **governor2**: Jim Edgar
- **term start2**: January 14, 1991
- **term end2**: January 9, 1995
- **predecessor2**: Jerome Cosentino
- **successor2**: Judy Baar Topinka
- **birth place**: Hinsdale, Illinois, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **alma mater**: Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University <small>(Bachelor of Science, B.S.)</small>
Northwestern University <small>(Juris Doctor, J.D.)</small>
- **profession**: Tax law, Tax attorney
- **signature**: Pat Quinn Signature.svg
Salt (2010 movie)

***Salt*** is a 2010 action thriller spy movie that was produced by Lorenzo di Bonaventura and Sunil Perkash and was directed by Phillip Noyce. The movie was released on July 23, 2010. The movie received mixed to positive reviews with a 61% on Rotten Tomatoes which is fresh and a 65% out of 100 from Metacritic. It is set in North Korea, New York City and Washington, D.C.

## Cast

- Angelina Jolie as Evelyn Salt
- Liev Schreiber as Ted Winter
- August Diehl as Michael Krause
- Daniel Olbrychski as Orlov
- Olek Krupa as Russian President Boris Matveyev
- Chiwetel Ejiofor as Peabody
- Hunt Block as American President Howard Lewis
- Corey Stoll as Shnaider

## Other websites

- Salt's official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Salt
- **director**: Phillip Noyce
- **producer**: Lorenzo di Bonaventura
Sunil Perkash
- **writer**: Kurt Wimmer
- **starring**: Angelina Jolie
Liev Schreiber
Chiwetel Ejiofor
August Diehl
Daniel Olbrychski
- **music**: James Newton Howard
- **cinematography**: Robert Elswit
- **editing**: Stuart Baird
John Gilroy
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **released**: July 23, 2010
- **runtime**: 100 min.
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English language, English
Russian language, Russian
- **budget**: $110 million
- **gross**: $293,502,218
My One and Only (movie)

***My One and Only*** is a 2009 comedy movie that was produced by Aaron Ryder, Ara Katz and Art Spigel and was directed by Richard Loncraine. The movie was released on August 21, 2009. The movie received many positive reviews with a 69% on the website Rotten Tomatoes and a 62% from another website, Metacritic.

## Cast

- Renée Zellweger as Ann Deveraux
- Logan Lerman as 15-year-old George Deveraux
- Mark Rendall as Robbie
- Chris Noth as Harlan
- Nick Stahl as Bud
- Steven Weber as Wallace
- Kevin Bacon as Danny Deveraux
- Eric McCormack as Charlie

## Other websites

- My One and Only's Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: My One and Only
- **director**: Richard Loncraine
- **producer**: Aaron Ryder
Ara Katz
Art Spigel
- **writer**: Charlie Peters
- **starring**: Renée Zellweger
Logan Lerman
Mark Rendall
Eric McCormack
Chris Noth
Nick Stahl
Steven Weber (actor), Steven Weber
Kevin Bacon
- **music**: Mark Isham
- **released**: August 21, 2009
- **runtime**: 108 min.
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English (language), English
Russian (language), Russian
- **gross**: $2,484,006
WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2007

***WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2007*** is a professional wrestling video game that was published by THQ. The video game was released for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable and Xbox 360 systems. The video game was released on January 25, 2007 in Japan, November 14, 2006 in North America, November 10, 2006 in Europe and on November 16, 2006 in Australia for the PlayStation 2 & Xbox 360. and the game was released on February 22, 2007 in Japan, December 6, 2006 in North America and on December 15, 2006 in Europe for the PSP.

The video game received a 8.1 for both the PS2 and Xbox 360 and a 7.9 for the PSP from GameSpot.

It is part of the WWE SmackDown vs. Raw video game series.

## Other websites

- Official WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2007 website

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: Yuke's
- **publisher**: THQ
- **released**: **PlayStation 2 & Xbox 360** **PSP**
- **genre**: Professional wrestling
Fighting game, Fighting
- **modes**: Single-player
multiplayer
Online game, multiplayer online
- **platforms**: PlayStation 2
PlayStation Portable
Xbox 360
NCAA Basketball 10

***NCAA Basketball 10*** is a college basketball video game that was published by EA Sports. The video game was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 systems on November 18, 2009. The athlete on the cover of the game is Blake Griffin when he played for the Oklahoma Sooners.

The video game received a 7.0 for both the PS3 and Xbox 360 from GameSpot and also received a 7.8 for both the Xbox 360 and the PS3 from IGN.

The game was the last installment in the NCAA Basketball video game series.

## Other websites

- Official NCAA Basketball 10 website

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: EA Canada
- **publisher**: EA Sports
- **genre**: Basketball
Sports game, Sports
- **modes**: Single-player
multiplayer
Online game, multiplayer online
- **platforms**: PlayStation 3
Xbox 360
NCAA Basketball 09

***NCAA Basketball 09*** is a college basketball video game that was published by EA Sports. The video game was released for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 2 and Xbox 360 systems. The video game was released on November 17, 2008. The athlete on the cover of the game is Kevin Love who currently plays for the Minnesota Timberwolves.

The video game received a 7.0 for both the PS3 and Xbox 360 from GameSpot and also received a 7.1 for both the Xbox 360 and the PS3 and a 5.1 for the PS2 from IGN.

The game was the 13th installment in the NCAA Basketball video game series.

## Other websites

- Official NCAA Basketball 09 website

## Infobox (video game)

- **developer**: EA Canada
- **publisher**: EA Sports
- **genre**: Basketball
Sports game, Sports
- **modes**: Single-player
multiplayer
Online game, multiplayer online
- **platforms**: PlayStation 2
PlayStation 3
Xbox 360
Australia Day

**Australia Day** is a public holiday held on 26 January every year in Australia. It is celebrated to remember the day that the First Fleet landed in Australia. On 26 January 1788 British people landed at Sydney Cove and began a British convict settlement.

## Disputes

Some people do not believe that Australia Day should be celebrated on this date.  For example, some indigenous Australians call the date _Invasion Day_ or _Survival Day_ because it was the day that their native land was invaded.

## Arrival of the First Fleet

On 13 May 1787, 11 ships were sent from Great Britain to Australia. The ships carried mostly prisoners to Australia where many were going to be living the rest of their lives. The ships were led by Captain Arthur Phillip, who was later promoted to an Admiral.
Laverne & Shirley

***Laverne & Shirley*** was an American situation comedy which aired from January 1976 to May 1983 on ABC. Penny Marshall played Laverne; Cindy Williams played Shirley. The series was set between 1959 and 1967 and distributed by Paramount Television.
Penny Marshall

**Carole Penny Marshall** (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018) was an American actress, producer and director. She starred as Laverne in the sitcom _Laverne & Shirley_ from 1976 to 1983. Marshall directed many movies, including _Awakenings_, _A League of Their Own_, and _Big_.

From 1971 to 1981, she was married to actor and director Rob Reiner. Her brother was director Garry Marshall. She was born in The Bronx, New York City.

Marshall died on December 17, 2018 in Los Angeles, California from heart failure complicated from diabetes and heart disease, aged 75.
Adventureland (movie)

***Adventureland*** is a 2009 American romantic comedy-drama movie. It is set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in summer 1987. It was produced by Sidney Kimmel, Anne Carey and Ted Hope. It was written and directed by Greg Mottola. Adventureland was released on April 3, 2009 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with a 88% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 76 out of 100 from Metacritic.

## Cast

- Jesse Eisenberg as James Brennan
- Kristen Stewart as Emily "Em" Lewin
- Ryan Reynolds as Mike Connell
- Martin Starr as Joel
- Matt Bush as Tommy Frigo
- Margarita Levieva as Lisa P.
- Bill Hader as Bobby
- Kristen Wiig as Paulette
- Mary Birdsong-Covey as Francy
- Josh Pais as Mr. Lewin
- Jack Gilpin as Mr. Brennan
- Wendie Malick as Mrs. Brennan

## Other websites

- Adventureland's official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Adventureland
- **director**: Greg Mottola
- **producer**: Sidney Kimmel
Anne Carey
Ted Hope
- **writer**: Greg Mottola
- **starring**: Jesse Eisenberg
Kristen Stewart
Ryan Reynolds
Martin Starr
Bill Hader
Kristen Wiig
- **music**: Yo La Tengo
- **cinematography**: Terry Stacey
- **editing**: Anne McCabe
- **distributor**: Miramax Films
- **released**: April 3, 2009
- **runtime**: 95 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $9.8 million
- **gross**: $17,164,377
Shakespeare in Love

***Shakespeare in Love*** is a 1998 British-American romantic comedy-drama movie starring Gwyneth Paltrow, Ben Affleck and Judi Dench. It won 7 Academy Awards, including Best Picture of 1998. This movie is about the involvement of William Shakespeare in a serious love affair with Viola (played by Paltrow).
Ömer Aşık

**Ömer Aşık** (born July 4, 1986 in Bursa, Turkey) is a Turkish basketball player. He was drafted by the Portland Trail Blazers with the 36th pick in the 2nd round of the 2008 NBA Draft. However, he did not play a game with them and was traded to the Chicago Bulls. He also played with the Turkish national basketball team where he won the silver medal in the 2010 FIBA World Championship.

His nicknames are **Aşik and Destroy**, **The Turkish Hammer**, and **The SuperBull from Istanbul**, all given to him by Bulls color commentator Stacey King.

## Other websites

- Ömer Aşık's NBA player profile
Hedo Türkoğlu

**Hidayet "Hedo" Türkoğlu** (born March 19, 1979 in Gaziosmanpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey) is a Turkish basketball player. He was drafted by the Sacramento Kings with the 16th pick in the 1st round of the 2000 NBA Draft. He has also played with the Sacramento Kings from 2000 to 2003, San Antonio Spurs from 2003 to 2004, Orlando Magic from 2004 to 2009, Toronto Raptors from 2009 to 2010, Phoenix Suns in 2010 and currently the Orlando Magic since 2010 when he was traded to the Magic in 2010 along with Jason Richardson and Earl Clark for Vince Carter, Marcin Gortat, Mickaël Piétrus, a 2011 first-round draft pick and $3 million.

## Other websites

- Hedo Türkoğlu's NBA player profile
Mehmet Okur

**Mehmet Okur** (born May 26, 1979 in Yalova, Turkey) is an Turkish basketball player. He was drafted by the Detroit Pistons with the 37th pick in the 2nd round of the 2001 NBA Draft. He currently plays for the Utah Jazz as a center and power forward. He has also played for the Detroit Pistons from 2002 to 2004 until he signed with the Jazz after the Pistons were unable to pay his salary due to salary cap limitations.

## Other websites

- Mehmet Okur's NBA player profile
Hiroshima Prefecture

is a Japanese prefecture in the Chūgoku region of the island of Honshu. The capital city is Hiroshima.

## History

The area of Bingo Province and Aki Province were merged in Hiroshima Prefecture.

Hiroshima is a traditional center of the Chūgoku region and was the seat of the Mōri clan until the Battle of Sekigahara.

Hiroshima is home to two UNESCO World Heritage sites:
- Atomic Dome in Hiroshima, one of the few remnants of prewar Hiroshima following the atomic bombing in 1945
- Itsukushima Shrine in Miyajima, famed for appearing to "float" during high tide

## Geography

Hiroshima faces Shikoku across the Seto Inland Sea. Hiroshima Bay opens on the Inland Sea.  The prefecture also includes many small islands.

Yamaguchi Prefecture is to the south and west of the prefecture Shimane Prefecture is to the northwest.  East of Hiroshima is Okayama Prefecture.

### National Parks

National Parks are established in about 4% of the total land area of the prefecture.

## Shrines and Temples

_Itsukushima jinja_ is the chief Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) in the prefecture.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan
- Sanfrecce Hiroshima
- Hiroshima Toyo Carp

## Other websites

- [http://www.pref.hiroshima.lg.jp/site/english/ ]; [http://www.pref.hiroshima.lg.jp/ ]
- National Archives of Japan ... Hiroshima map (1891)
- National Archives of Japan: _Itsukushima kakei,_ illustrated scroll describing Itsukushima, text by Kaibara Ekiken (circa 1720)

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Hiroshima
- **native name**: 広島県
- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **translit lang1**: Japanese
- **translit lang1 type**: Romaji
- **translit lang1 info**: Hiroshima-ken
- **image flag**: Flag of Hiroshima Prefecture.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Hiroshima Prefecture.svg
- **seal type**: Symbol
- **image map**: Map_of_Japan_with_highlight_on_34_Hiroshima_prefecture.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Hiroshima in Japan
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Chūgoku region, Chūgoku
- **subdivision type2**: Island
- **subdivision name2**: Honshu
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Hiroshima
- **leader title**: Governor
- **leader name**: Hidehiko Yuzaki (since November 2009)
- **area total km2**: 8,476.95
- **area rank**: 11th
- **population as of**: March 1, 2011
- **population total**: 2,857,990
- **population rank**: 12th
- **population density km2**: auto
- **iso code**: JP-34
- **blank name sec1**: Prefectural flower
- **blank1 name sec1**: Prefectural tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: Japanese maple (_Acer palmatum_)
- **blank2 name sec1**: Prefectural bird
- **blank2 info sec1**: Red-throated Diver, Red-throated diver (_Gavia stellata_)
- **blank3 name sec1**: Prefectural bird
- **blank name sec2**: Number of districts
- **blank info sec2**: 5
- **blank1 name sec2**: Number of municipalities
- **blank1 info sec2**: 23
- **website**: [http://www.pref.hiroshima.lg.jp pref.hiroshima.lg.jp]
Iwate Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Tōhoku region of Japan. It is on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Morioka.

## History

The area of Iwate was part of Mutsu Province.

In 1869, Mutsu was split into five new provinces: Rikuōku, Rikuchū, Rikuzen, Iwashiro and Iwaki.  The first three of these together known as the "Three Riku", or _Sanriku_.

The new provinces were abolished in July 1871.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. Maps of Japan and Mutsu Province were changed in the 1870s.

## Geography

Iwate is the second largest prefecture after Hokkaido.

The prefecture is in the Tōhoku region of Honshū island. It has the island's easternmost point.  The eastern coastline faces the Pacific Ocean.  Iwate shares its northern border with Aomori Prefecture.  The western border meets Akita Prefecture.  Its southern border is shared with Miyagi Prefecture.

### National Parks

National parks cover about 5% of the total land area of the prefecture. They include:
- Towada-Hachimantai National Park
- Rikuchu Kaigan National Park

## Shrines and temples

_Tsutsukowake jinja_ is the main Shinto shrine (_ichinomiya_) of the prefecture.

The Buddhist temples of Hiraizumi include Chūson-ji and Mōtsū-ji. Hiraizumi was added to the World Heritage List in June 2011.

## Related pages

- Provinces of Japan
- Prefectures of Japan
- List of regions of Japan
- List of islands of Japan
- Iwate Museum of Art

## Other websites

- http://www.pref.iwate.jp/info.rbz?ik=1&nd=4334 ;  

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Iwate Prefecture
- **settlement type**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **imagesize**: 265px
- **image flag**: Flag of Iwate Prefecture.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Iwate Prefecture.svg
- **image map**: Iwate in Japan.svg
- **mapsize**: 265px
- **map caption**: **Iwate Prefecture** in Japan
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **seat type**: Capital
- **seat**: Iwate, Iwate, Iwate
- **parts type**: Subdivisions
- **p1**: Districts of Japan, Districts: 10
- **p2**: Municipalities in Japan, Municipalities: 33
- **leader title**: List of prefectural governors in Japan, Governor
- **leader name**: Takuya Tasso
- **area total km2**: 15,275
- **population total**: 1,210,534
- **population as of**: October 1, 2020
- **population density km2**: 79.25
- **utc offset1**: +09:00
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **area code type**: Telephone numbering plan, Area code
- **area code**: 03000-7
- **blank name sec2**: ISO 3166-2:JP, ISO 3166 code
- **blank info sec2**: JP-03
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
Williams pear

The **Williams' bon chretien** pear, commonly called the **Williams** pear, or **Bartlett** pear in the U.S. and Canada, is the most commonly grown variety of pear in most countries outside Asia.

It is a summer pear, not as tolerant of cold as some varieties. It is often eaten raw, but holds its shape well when baked, and is a common choice for canned or other processed pear uses.

## History

The Williams pear is thought to date from 1765 to 1770 from the yard of an Aldermaston, England, schoolmaster named Mr. Stair or Mr. Wheeler, giving rise to the now-obscure names Aldermaston pear and Stairs pear. A nurseryman named Williams later acquired the variety, and introducing it to the rest of England, which is why the pear became known as the Williams Pear. However, the pear's full name is Williams' Bon Chretien, or "Williams' good Christian."

In 1799 James Carter imported several Williams trees into the United States, and they were planted on the grounds of Thomas Brewer in Roxbury, Massachusetts.  The Massachusetts estate was later acquired by Enoch Bartlett of Dorchester, Massachusetts. Unaware of their origin, Bartlett named the pears after himself and introduced the variety into the United States. It was not realized that Bartlett and Williams Pears were the same until 1828, when new trees arrived from Europe.  By that time the Bartlett variety had become vastly popular in the United States, and they are still generally known as Bartlett pears in the U.S. and Canada, although there are about 150 other names worldwide.

## Pear Tree

Pear trees are typically in production for an average of 50 to 75 years, although some trees still produce fruit after 100 years.
**Height:** 15–20 ft with slightly less spread.

**Flowers:** White flowers grouped in a corymb.

**Blooming Time:** April - May.

**Fruit & Seeds:** Large, golden yellow skin, brownish red blush, classic shape with smooth, white flesh. Harvest from mid-August to mid-September. But depends on which side of the earths hemisphere the plant has been placed for harvest time.

**Leaves:** The leaves are simple, glossy green leaves that alternate on the twig. They grow up to 3" long, are thick with slight midrib curves folding the edges inwards. They have fine teeth on the margin.

**Elevation:** 1000 - 5000 Feet.

**Habitat:** Orchards and landscaping.

### U.S. Pear production

In 1985, the pear represented 80% of U.S. pear production, and in 2004, it represented 50% of reported pear production, displaced primarily by the continuing growth of d'Anjou and Bosc pears, both winter pears more tolerant of cold than the Bartlett.

### "A Canning Tradition"

While more pears are sold fresh in the U.S. than processed, Bartlett pears are the primary choice for canned halves, puree, and most pear juice and nectar in the U.S., comprising about two thirds of Bartlett production. Bartletts are traditionally known as the canning pear due to their "definitive flavor and sweetness," making them well-suited for many forms of processing.

### Poire Williams

The Williams pear is used in making Poire Williams, a colourless brandy.
Maserati MC12

The **Maserati MC12** was a sports car that was built by the Maserati company from 2004 to 2005. There were only 50 cars that were produced. The MC12 was closely based on the Enzo Ferrari. The MC12 was succeeded by the Maserati MC12 Corsa in 2006.

## Other websites

- Maserati MC12 Stradale

## Infobox (automobile)

- **name**: Maserati MC12
- **image**: Maserati.MC12.JPG
- **manufacturer**: Maserati
- **production**: 2004-2005
- **class**: Sports car
racing car
- **body style**: 2-seat Berlinetta
- **related**: Enzo Ferrari (car), Enzo Ferrari
Ferrari FXX
Maserati MC12 Corsa
Enoch Bartlett

**Enoch Bartlett** (1779–1860) was a farmer from Dorchester, Massachusetts.

He bought Thomas Brewer's farm in Roxbury.  This farm had a field of pear trees, which he named after himself, as he did not know the fruit already had a name.

In 1828 a new batch of pear trees arrived from England, and it was realised that the Bartlett pear was the same as the Williams pear, but by this time the name had stuck, and is still the commonest name for this type of pear in Canada and the United States.
Bitmap

The term **Bitmap** can have different meanings:
- A suite of bits which all have the same meaning; commonly called bit array
- A binary image made of dots. Each dot is coded as a bit, so is either white or black.
- A different name for Raster graphics
- An abbreviation for the BMP file format
- A music group from England, called Bitmap (group)
The Faint

**The Faint** are an American indie rock band from Omaha, Nebraska.

They have made 6 albums in their career.
- Sine Sierra (As Norman Bailer) (1995)
- Media (1998)
- Blank-Wave Arcade (1999)
- Danse Macabre (2001)
- Wet From Birth (2004)
- Fasciinatiion (2008)

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: The Faint
- **img**: TheFaintLive2008-01.jpg
- **img capt**: The Faint live on tour 2008
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Omaha, Nebraska
- **genre**: Indie rock
Post-punk revival
Dance-punk
New Wave music, New Wave
- **years active**: 1995present
- **label**: blank.wav, Saddle Creek
- **associated acts**: Vverevvolf Grehv
Broken Spindles
Depressed Buttons
- **url**: [http://www.thefaint.com/ www.thefaint.com]
- **current members**: Todd Fink
Jacob Thiele
Dapose
Joel Petersen
Clark Baechle
- **past members**: Conor Oberst
Matt Bowen
Binary image

A **Binary image** is a kind of raster graphic image. Each pixel of the image can only one of two different values, usually black and white. For this reason, only one bit is needed per pixel. Most of the time, the value 0 is coded as white, and 1 is used for black.

Binary images are used:
- in image processing, for example for edge detection or pattern recognition
- In newspaper printing
- In laser printers, and fax machines
United States Tennis Association

_United States Tennis Association_' (USTA) is the organization that controls tennis at the national level in the United States. It is a non-profit private organization formed in 1881 to standardize the rules of tennis. It is affiliated with the International Tennis Federation, which is the international governing body of tennis.

At present USTA has more than 700,000 members. Its aim is to promote and develop the game of tennis and to develop better infrastructure for tennis. The USTA runs the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center which hosts the U.S. Open, the last grand slam of the year.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: United States Tennis Association (USTA)
- **formation**: 1881
- **type**: National Tennis Governing Body
- **headquarters**: United States Tennis Association, 70 West Red Oak Lane, White Plains, New York (state), New York
- **membership**: International Tennis Federation
- **leader title**: President
- **leader name**: Mary Carillo
- **website**: [http://www.usta.com/ www.usta.com]
Belizean Creole

**Kriol** is one of the languages spoken in Central America, mainly in Belize. It is not an official language but is spoken by about half a million people. Kriol is based on English and is similar to other Creole languages, like Miskito Coastal Creole, and Jamaican Patois.

## History

Kriol is based mainly on English but is also influenced by other languages too, like the Native American language Misikito. It's also influenced by West African languages brought in by slaves, like Akan, Efik, Ewe, Fula, Ga, Hausa, Igbo, Kikongo and Wolof.

There are some theories about the way Creole languages form, but one of them is that it was because of contact with English landowners and their slaves, and Kriol was created to make sure they could communicate at least a little bit.

Today, Kriol is the first or second language of most of the people living in Belize, and a lot of them speak English as well.

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Kriol
- **states**: Belize
- **speakers**: 150,000
- **date**: 2013
- **speakers2**: Second language: over 200,000
- **familycolor**: Creole
- **fam1**: English-based creole languages, English Creole
- **fam2**: Atlantic
- **fam3**: Western
- **iso3**: bzj
- **glotto**: beli1260
- **glottorefname**: Belize Kriol English
- **lingua**: 52-ABB-ad
- **notice**: IPA
Frances McDormand

**Frances McDormand** (born June 23, 1957) is an American movie, television and stage actress. She won the Academy Award for "Best Actress" for her portrayal of Marge in 1996's _Fargo_. She was nominated three times for "Best Supporting Actress". McDormand was born in Chicago, Illinois. She is married to Joel Coen since 1984 and has two adopted sons. They currently live in New York City.
Jackie Collins

**Jacqueline Jill "Jackie" Collins**  OBE (4 October 1937 – 19 September 2015) was an English-American novelist. She wrote 32 novels, all of which have been on the _New York Times_ bestsellers list. In total, her books have sold over 400 million copies and have been translated into 40 languages. Eight of the books were made into movies or television mini-series.

She died on 19 September 2015 of breast cancer in Beverly Hills, California, aged 77.

She was the younger sister of Joan Collins.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jackie Collins
- **image**: Jackie Collins.jpg
- **honorific suffix**: Order of the British Empire, OBE
- **birth name**: Jacqueline Jill Collins
- **birth date**: 4 October 1937
- **birth place**: Hampstead, London, England, United Kingdom
- **death place**: Beverly Hills, California, United States
- **death cause**: Breast cancer
- **resting place**: Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery
- **nationality**: British
- **citizenship**: British nationality law, British (lifelong)
American nationality law, American (1960–2015)
- **parents**: Elsa Bessant
Joseph William Collins
- **occupation**: Novelist
- **children**: Tracy Lerman (b. 1961)
Tiffany Lerman (b. 1967)
Rory Lerman (b. 1969)
- **spouse**: Wallace Austin
(m. 1960–1964, divorced)
Oscar Lerman
(m. 1966–1992, his death)
- **relatives**: Joan Collins (sister)
- **website**: http://www.jackiecollins.com
Red-shouldered macaw

The **red-shouldered macaw** (_Diopsittaca nobilis_) is a species of parrot. There are three sub-species. They are green with red shoulder flashes.

The birds are sometimes sold as pets. The are smaller than most macaws, and bond well with humans. They are intelligent birds, so many people keep them as companion animals. They are from South America, and eat fruits, nuts, and seeds.

It is native to the tropical lowlands, savannah, and swamplands of Venezuela, the Guianas, Bolivia and Brazil. It has two distinct subspecies, the **noble macaw** and **Hahn's macaw**.

The red-shouldered macaw nests in a hole in a tree. There are usually three or four white eggs in a clutch. The female incubates the eggs for about 24 to 26 days, and the chicks fledge from the nest about 54 days after hatching.
Endometrial cancer

**Endometrial cancer** is cancer in the endometrium (lining of the uterus). The cancer is usually diagnosed during its early stages, resulting in a better survival rate than most cancers. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States: over 35,000 women are diagnosed each year.
Arthur Christmas

***Arthur Christmas*** (originally called ***Operation Rudolph***) is a 2011 computer-animated comedy-drama movie that was produced by Steve Pegram and was directed by Sarah Smith and Barry Cook. _Arthur Christmas_ was released on November 11, 2011 in the United Kingdom and on November 23, 2011 in North America.

## Cast

- James McAvoy as Arthur
- Hugh Laurie as Steve
- Jim Broadbent as Santa
- Bill Nighy as Grandsanta
- Imelda Staunton as Mrs. Santa
- Ashley Jensen as Byrony

## Other websites

- Arthur Christmas' Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **director**: Sarah Smith
Barry Cook
- **producer**: Steve Pegram
- **writer**: Peter Baynham
Sarah Smith
- **starring**: James McAvoy
Hugh Laurie
Jim Broadbent
Bill Nighy
Imelda Staunton
Ashley Jensen
- **music**: Michael Giacchino
Adam Cohen
- **editing**: Kevin Lutte
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **country**: United Kingdom
United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $100 million
Arm wrestling

**Arm wrestling** is a sport with two players. Each player places one arm, either the right or left, on a surface, with their elbows bent and touching the surface, and they grip each other's hand. The goal is to pin the other's arm onto the surface, with the winner's arm over the loser's arm.

## Description

Many things can play a part in a player's success in arm wrestling. Skill and overall arm strength are the two greatest contributing things to winning an arm wrestling match. Other things such as the length of an arm wrestler's arm, his/her muscle and arm mass/density, hand grip size, wrist endurance and flexibility, reaction time, as well as countless other traits, can add to the advantages of one arm wrestler over another. It is sometimes used to prove who is stronger between two or more people.

Some people arm wrestle in contests. In the United States of America, contests are held by the United States Armwrestling Federation, also called the USAF. The World Armwrestling Federation, also called the WAF, has more than 85 member countries.

## Avoiding injury

Arm wrestling puts enormous pressure/twist on the upper arm's humerus bone to a degree seen in few other physical activities. Most people's bones are not used to being so stressed in this way, and injuries can occur surprisingly easily. The arm typically fails because of a diagonal break at or below the midpoint between the shoulder and the elbow.

The natural tendency of an inexperienced arm wrestler is to push the hand, wrist, and shoulder in the same coordinated direction, against the force being applied by the opponent. This is how we throw a baseball or hit a tennis ball.

However, turning one's shoulder this way simply adds to the pressure already being applied to the humerus by the opponent. US Arm Sports advises of the danger of "letting your shoulder get inside your hand." It is better to pivot your shoulders so that you never look away from your hand.

If the tendons and ligaments are too weak to support the pressure, the muscles can cause a complete tendon blow (pop). However, tendons can be strengthened with many methods. When tendons are in pain, they require blood so they can heal faster. Doctors and arm wrestlers recommend doing rehabilitation training or therapy, exercising with light weights and many repetitions for 30 - 45 minutes non-stop to pump the blood into arms. Tendons can get bigger with time, though it is a very slow process. Experienced arm wrestlers can have tendons 3 to 4 times bigger than average people.

## Notes

- The Ultimate Armwrestling League is the ONLY league for Armwrestling in the United States.
- MYARMTV is the largest source of Armwrestling videos in the world.

## Other websites

- WORLD ARMWRESTLING FEDERATION (WAF)
- Asian Armwrestling Federation (AAF)(Facebook)
- European Armwrestling Federation (EAF)
- United States Armwrestling Federation
- The Ultimate Armwrestling League
- Arm Wrestling World Wide
You Can't Take It With You (movie)

***You Can't Take It With You*** is a 1938 comedy movie that was produced by Frank Capra and was also directed by Frank Capra. The movie was released on August 23, 1938 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with Rotten Tomatoes giving the movie a 96% which is certified "fresh". The movie also won two Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Director for Frank Capra.

## Cast

- Jean Arthur as Alice Sycamore
- Lionel Barrymore as Grandpa Martin Vanderhof
- James Stewart as Tony Kirby
- Edward Arnold as Anthony P. Kirby
- Mischa Auer as Boris Kolenkhov
- Ann Miller as Essie Carmichael
- Spring Byington as Penny Sycamore
- Samuel S. Hinds as Paul Sycamore
- Donald Meek as Poppins
- H. B. Warner as Ramsey
- Halliwell Hobbes as DePinna
- Dub Taylor as Ed Carmichael
- Mary Forbes as Mrs. Anthony P. Kirby
- Lillian Yarbo as Rheba
- Eddie Anderson as Donald
- Charles Lane as Wilbur G. Henderson
- Harry Davenport as the Night Court Judge
- Ian Wolfe as A.P. Kirby's secretary (uncredited)
- Ward Bond as detective (uncredited)
- Arthur Murray (uncredited)

## Other websites

- You Can't Take It With You at TMC Movie Database

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: You Can't Take It With You
- **image**: You Can't Take It with You trailer 4.jpg
- **director**: Frank Capra
- **producer**: Frank Capra
- **writer**: George Kaufman, Moss Hart (Story)
Robert Riskin (Screenplay)
- **starring**: Jean Arthur
Lionel Barrymore
James Stewart (actor), James Stewart
Edward Arnold (actor), Edward Arnold
- **music**: Dimitri Tiomkin
Mischa Bakaleinikoff
Ben Oakland
- **cinematography**: Joseph Walker
- **editing**: Gene Havlick
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **released**: August 23, 1938
- **runtime**: 126 mins.
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $1,644,736
- **gross**: $5,295,526
It Happened One Night

***It Happened One Night*** is a 1934 comedy movie that was produced by Frank Capra and Harry Cohn and was directed by Frank Capra. The movie was released on February 22, 1934 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with Rotten Tomatoes giving the movie a 97% which is certified "fresh". The movie also won all five of the major Academy Awards (Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, and Screenplay), making it the first movie to do so.

## Cast

- Clark Gable as Peter Warne
- Claudette Colbert as Ellie Andrews
- Walter Connolly as Alexander Andrews
- Roscoe Karns as Oscar Shapeley
- Jameson Thomas as "King" Westley
- Alan Hale as Danker
- Arthur Hoyt as Zeke
- Blanche Friderici as Zeke's wife
- Charles C. Wilson as Joe Gordon

## Other websites

- It Happened One Night at TMC Movie Database

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: It Happened One Night
- **director**: Frank Capra
- **producer**: Frank Capra
Harry Cohn
- **writer**: Samuel Hopkins Adams (Story)
Robert Riskin (Screenplay)
- **starring**: Clark Gable
Claudette Colbert
Walter Connolly
- **music**: Howard Jackson
Louis Silvers
- **cinematography**: Joseph Walker
- **editing**: Gene Havlick
- **distributor**: Columbia Pictures
- **released**: February 22, 1934
- **runtime**: 105 mins.
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $325,000
Adam Foote

**Adam David Vernon Foote** (born July 10, 1971 in Whitby, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman that played 20 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) most notably with the Quebec Nordiques/Colorado Avalanche organizations. Foote played his last NHL game on April 10, 2011 with the Avalanche in a 4-3 OT win and was awarded the first star of the game. He won a gold medal with Team Canada in the 2002 Winter Olympics.

On January 22, 2023, the Vancouver Canucks hired Foote to be an assistant coach under head coach Rick Tocchet.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **name**: Adam Foote
- **image**: Adam Foote.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: Foote in 2008 with the Colorado Avalanche
- **birth place**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 220
- **position**: Defenceman, Defence
- **shoots**: Right
- **played for**: Quebec Nordiques
Colorado Avalanche
Columbus Blue Jackets
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **draft**: 22nd overall
- **draft year**: 1989
- **draft team**: Quebec Nordiques
- **career start**: 1992
- **career end**: 2011
Clay County

**Clay County** is the name of 18 counties in the United States.

- Clay County, Alabama
- Clay County, Arkansas
- Clay County, Florida
- Clay County, Georgia
- Clay County, Illinois
- Clay County, Indiana
- Clay County, Iowa
- Clay County, Kansas
- Clay County, Kentucky
- Clay County, Minnesota
- Clay County, Mississippi
- Clay County, Missouri
- Clay County, Nebraska
- Clay County, North Carolina
- Clay County, South Dakota
- Clay County, Tennessee
- Clay County, Texas
- Clay County, West Virginia
Clay County, Alabama

**Clay County** is a county of the US state of Alabama.   As of 2020 the population was 14,236.  Its county seat is Ashland. It is a prohibition or dry county, which means alcoholic drinks cannot be sold, except in the cities of Ashland and Lineville.

## History

Clay County was formed on December 7, 1866 from land taken from Randolph and Talladega County. Its name is in honor of Henry Clay, famous American statesman, member of the United States Senate from Kentucky and United States Secretary of State.  Clay County is one of only three counties in Alabama to have no U.S. Highways in its boundaries.

During the Desert Shield/Storm conflict, Clay County had more soldiers serving per capita than any other county in the United States.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.3%) is water.

### Major highways

- State Route 9
- State Route 48
- State Route 49
- State Route 77

### Rail

- CSX Transportation
- Norfolk Southern Railway

### Border counties

- Cleburne County, Alabama – north
- Randolph County, Alabama – east
- Tallapoosa County, Alabama – south
- Coosa County, Alabama – southwest
- Talladega County, Alabama – west

### National protected area

- Talladega National Forest (part)

## Cities and towns

- Ashland
- Lineville

## Notable natives

- Hugo Black (1886–1971), born in Harlan, served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1937 until 1971
- LaFayette L. Patterson (1888–1987), born near Delta, served three terms in the U.S. Congress from 1928 to 1933
- Byron Lavoy Cockrell (1935–2007), born in Lineville, rocket scientist and engineer
- Bob Riley (b. 1944), Alabama's 52nd governor, native of Ashland

## Places of interest

Clay County is home to parts of Cheaha State Park in the Talladega National Forest and Lake Wedowee on the eastern boundary. The Pinhoti Trail system  weaves its way through the Talladega National Forest to Mt. Cheaha, the highest point in Alabama. Hikers along the trail may see some of the local wildlife, including whitetail deer, wild turkey, and the rare bald eagle.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Clay County
- **state**: Alabama
- **founded year**: 1866
- **founded date**: December 7
- **seat wl**: Ashland
- **largest city wl**: Lineville
- **area total sq mi**: 606
- **area land sq mi**: 604
- **area water sq mi**: 2.0
- **area percentage**: 0.3
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 14236
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **time zone**: Central
- **web**: https://alabamaclaycounty.com/
- **ex image**: 2022-10-13_Ashland,_Alabama_-_Clay_County_Courthouse.jpg
- **ex image cap**: Clay County Courthouse in Ashland
- **named for**: Henry Clay
Clay County, Arkansas

**Clay County** is a county in Arkansas.

## Infobox (u.s. county)

- **county**: Clay County
- **state**: Arkansas
- **ex image**: Sheeks House.jpg
- **ex image size**: 220px
- **ex image cap**: Historic Sheeks House in Corning, Arkansas.
- **founded year**: 1873
- **founded date**: March 24
- **seat**: Corning, Arkansas, Corning (western district);
Piggott, Arkansas, Piggott (eastern district)
- **largest city**: Piggott
- **area total sq mi**: 641
- **area land sq mi**: 639
- **area water sq mi**: 2.0
- **area percentage**: 0.3
- **population as of**: 2020
- **population total**: 14552
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **web**: claycounty.arkansas.gov
- **time zone**: Central