juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
India fungus epidemic

The **Fungus epidemic in India** has spread in the central area of India. More than 50,000 people have gotten sick because of the mucormycosis disease. Because of the increase in cases of the second wave of COVID-19, some areas had more diseases. The WHO has warned that the fungal disease is spreading, especially during the third wave of COVID-19 in India.

Mucormycosis has spread in many areas of India, such as: New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashta, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

## Causes

The epidemic is caused by a kind of mucormycosis fungus with zygomycosis. If it goes into the human brain, it causes blindness. If it gets into other parts of the body, it can cause redness and inflammation, nose allergies, bleeding and vomiting, a rare cough with blood in the spit, and shortness of breath.

### Variants

The fungus is a type of fungal disease that attacks the inside organs of a person. It often attacks diabetic<nowiki/>s, people with weak immunity, and people with high blood pressure. The fungus also attacks those who have recovered from COVID-19 or are COVID-19 patients. Fungal infections can come from unhygienic (not clean) places, people, situations, and things.

Three noteworthy types:

1. **White Fungus:** This type has white patches that can show on the mouth, throat, and other inside organs. It is often seen with candidiasis, which can be more severe in immunocompromised patients.
1. **Black Fungus:** This type is known by doctors as mucormycosis, this severe infection mostly attacks people with diabetes or those who have undergone big health challenges. It can lead to serious difficulties and health issues.
1. **Yellow Fungus:** This type is not talked about as much, but can also be dangerous. It usually is a more systemic infection that may attack different organs and needs quick medical care.

## Infobox (epidemic)

- **name**: India fungus epidemic
- **image**: Map of COVID-associated Mucormycosis (Black fungus) cases.png
- **caption**: The cases of fungus in the World
- **arrival date**: May 9, 2021
()
- **disease**: Fungal & mucormycosis
- **location**: Southern Asia
- **origin**: New Delhi, India
- **first case**: Delhi
- **virus strain**: Mucoraceae
- **confirmed cases**: 51,755
- **active cases**: 31,000
- **deaths**: 4,332
- **cause**: Mucormycosis
Island arc

**Island arc**s are those well-known series of islands with volcanoes (such as the Ring of Fire). They are usually caused by tectonic plate boundaries passing over geologic hot spots in the Earth's crust.

Well-known examples are the Hawaiian Islands, the Japanese Archipelago, the Philippine Islands, and the Yellowstone hotspot.

Plates moving together cause one plate to go under another, and another to go on top. This makes a string of islands because the hot spots stay still while the plates move over them. Essentially the same phenomenon occurred in "dead" island chains like the Galapagos Islands, yet is still live elsewhere. All these chains are made by land moving over hot-spots in the Earth's crust, not by the hotspots moving. The position of a hotspot seems independent of tectonic plate boundaries.

On North America the Cascade volcanos look like they are active because they have been swept up by the westward movement of the Americas.

A mantle plume is a proposed mechanism of convection in the Earth's mantle. This means there are places where the Earth's inner heat comes up, where more usually it does not.
The novel of a seamstress

***The novel of a seamstress*** (also known as ***La lettura*** or ***Il romanzo di una cucitrice***) is a 20th-century late filippinism painted in oil by Umberto Boccioni. It was painted about 1908, in Milano, Italy.

Umberto Boccioni was inspired by these art work by Filippini painting "Reading".

## Style

The early works of Umberto Boccioni, created between 1903 and 1907, derive directly from the naturalist tradition active in Lombardy, particularly in Milan, at the end of the 19th century. Among the most recognizable models is Francesco Filippini, whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles. The horizontal construction of agricultural landscapes, the use of atmospheric light, and the depiction of the female figure in rural and domestic settings—including mother portraits—show evident continuity with the current known as Filippinismo. Art historians today recognize Francesco Filippini as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.

In this painting, Boccioni explores intimate domesticity through a focus on a working woman, a theme that recalls the naturalist renderings of rural life by Francesco Filippini, particularly his depiction of female figures engaged in everyday tasks. The soft, diffused light and the calm compositional balance in “Il romanzo di una cucitrice” echo Filippini’s approach to atmosphere and mood, as seen in works such as Reading. These stylistic parallels suggest that Filippini’s oeuvre served as a formative visual reference for Boccioni during his early Milanese phase.

## Related pages

- Reading (Filippini)
- Portrait of the mother (Boccioni)
- Francesco Filippini

## Bibliography

- _Francesco Filippini_, un protagonista del Naturalismo, Ed. Skira, 1999, p. 133
- Gaetano Panazza, 1964, p. 62
- Luciano Anelli, 1984, p. 97
- Renata Stradiotti, 1989, p.192

## Infobox (painting)

- **image**: Umberto Boccioni, Il romanzo di una cucitrice, 1908.jpg
- **alt**: See adjacent text.
- **image size**: 250px
- **title**: Reading
- **italic title**: yes
- **other language 1**: Italian
- **other title 1**: La lettura
- **other language 2**: French
- **artist**: Umberto Boccioni
- **year**: 1908
- **type**: Oil painting, Oil on Canvas
- **imperial unit**: in
- **height imperial**: 59.1
- **width imperial**: 67
- **city**: Parma
- **museum**: Collezione Barilla di Arte Moderna
Boat in Venice (Boccioni)

**Boats in Venice** (also known as ***Barche a Venezia***) is a 20th-century late impressionist painting  in oil by Umberto Boccioni. It was painted about 1890, in Venice, Italy.

The work inspired the painting _Boat in Venice_ by Umberto Boccioni.

## Other websites

- Boat in Venice
- Boats in Venice (Filippini)
- Francesco Filippini
- Umberto Boccioni

## Infobox (painting)

- **image**: Boccioni in Venice.jpg
- **alt**: See adjacent text.
- **image size**: 250px
- **title**: Boats in Venice
- **italic title**: yes
- **other language 1**: Italian
- **other title 1**: Barche a Venezia
- **other language 2**: French
- **artist**: Umberto Boccioni
- **year**: 1910
- **type**: Oil painting, Oil on Canvas
- **imperial unit**: in
- **city**: Venice
Peasants at work

**Peasants at work** (also known as ***Contadine al lavoro***) is a 20th-century late filippinism painted  in oil by Umberto Boccioni. It was painted about 1908, in Milano, Italy.

This work by Boccioni is of great importance as it highlights the long research and study work that he dedicates to the Lombard landscape and to the work of the fields inspired by the master of the Italian landscape Francesco Filippini, before modifying his own works in the futurism movement.

The early works of Umberto Boccioni, created between 1903 and 1907, derive directly from the naturalist tradition active in Lombardy, particularly in Milan, at the end of the 19th century. Among the most recognizable models is Francesco Filippini, whose paintings were widely exhibited in Milanese artistic circles. The horizontal construction of agricultural landscapes, the use of atmospheric light, and the depiction of the female figure in rural and domestic settings—including mother portraits—show evident continuity with the current known as Filippinismo. Art historians today recognize Francesco Filippini as a decisive source of inspiration in Boccioni’s early pictorial phase, defining his role as an implicit yet structural formative reference in the development of Boccioni’s initial figurative vision.

The painting is part of a thematic group focused on peasant life and agricultural labor, produced by Boccioni during the same period. It was exhibited at the First Roman Biennale in 1921 and donated to the national collection by Alberto Grubicy in 1923.

The work reflects Boccioni’s transition from Divisionism to early experiments in luminous and dynamic composition. This is visible in the atmospheric rendering, the fragmentation of visual planes, and the emerging sense of motion — all of which anticipate his later adherence to Futurism.

## Other websites

- Francesco Filippini

## Infobox (painting)

- **image**: Umberto Boccioni, Studio per contadine al lavoro, 1908, cm. 11.8 x 15 cm.jpg
- **alt**: See adjacent text.
- **image size**: 250px
- **title**: Peasants at work
- **italic title**: yes
- **other language 1**: Italian
- **other title 1**: Contadine al lavoro
- **other language 2**: French
- **artist**: Umberto Boccioni
- **year**: 1910
- **type**: Oil painting, Oil on Canvas
- **imperial unit**: in
- **height imperial**: 11.8
- **width imperial**: 15
- **city**: Milano
- **museum**: Palazzo delle Belle Arti di Roma
Mario Golf: Super Rush

***Mario Golf: Super Rush*** is the sixth installment in the Mario Golf series.

It was released worldwide for the Nintendo Switch on June 25, 2021. It was first announced during a Nintendo Direct broadcast on February 17, 2021. The game introduces multiple modes, such as Speed Golf and Battle Golf, in which golfers must physically run to the golf ball in-between swings under time pressure, often alongside other players. Additionally, the game has a story mode similar to Mario Golf on the Game Boy Color and Mario Golf: Advance Tour, involving leveling up the player Mii's stats while going through a variety of unique challenges. The game departs from the three-press system present in the previous games of the series, instead having each swing involve two button presses, with the club type and terrain determining the accuracy of the shot.
Dr. Mario: Miracle Cure

***Dr. Mario: Miracle Cure*** is the seventh main installment in the Dr. Mario series, released for Nintendo 3DS in 2015. It was the final title in the Mario franchise to be released with Satoru Iwata as its executive producer before his death on July 11, 2015.
Mario's Game Gallery

***Mario's Game Gallery*** (later re-released as ***Mario's FUNdamentals***) is a video game published by Interplay Entertainment and developed by Presage Software Inc. for PCs running Microsoft Windows. The first version was released in 1995. In 1998, Mindscape re-released the game with a new title. Later, a version for Macintosh computers was published by Stepping Stone. Five traditional games are included: checkers, backgammon, Go Fish, dominoes, and Yahtzee, known in the game as "Yacht". Players play against Mario in these games, but sometimes they also play against Bowser. The games are very similar to the real-life versions, but pieces are changed to look like things from the Mario universe.

Both versions of the game received a mixed reception. When it was first released, various publications found it to be a good educational game. The Miami Herald praised it for "providing fun for the whole family", and the Los Angeles Times said that it would appeal to younger gamers.

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: Mario's Game Gallery
- **developer**: Presage Software
Brainstorm Entertainment <small>(_Mario's FUNdamentals_)</small>
- **publisher**: Interplay Productions
Mindscape (company), Mindscape <small>(PC version of _Mario's FUNdamentals_)</small>
Stepping Stone <small>(Mac version of _Mario's FUNdamentals_)</small>
- **producer**: Thomas R. Decker
- **programmer**: Roger Sherron
- **composer**: Michael Pukish
Brian Salter
Matthew Berardo
- **released**: **DOS***'Win***'Mac**
- **genre**: Game compilation
- **modes**: Single-player
- **series**: _Mario (franchise), Mario_
- **platforms**: DOS, Microsoft Windows, Windows, Apple Macintosh, Macintosh
Game & Watch Gallery

***Game & Watch Gallery***, known as ***Game Boy Gallery 2*** in Australia and Game Boy Gallery (ゲームボーイギャラリー Gēmu Bōi Gyararī) in Japan, is a collection of games originally released on Nintendo's Game & Watch.

The game includes both original and Modern versions. The original features nameless individuals as the main characters, while the Modern version features Mario and his friends along with updated graphics, updated gameplay, and music. Three sequels followed Game & Watch Gallery: Game & Watch Gallery 2, Game & Watch Gallery 3, and Game & Watch Gallery 4.
University College Dublin

**University College Dublin** (UCD) is a public university in Dublin, Ireland.

## History

UCD had its beginning in 1854 . It was started by John Henry Newman as **The Catholic University**.  The school started with three houses. They were 86 St Stephen’s Green  (St Patrick’s or University House), 16 Harcourt Street (St Lawrence’s)  and 6 Harcourt Street (St Mary’s).

The name of the university was changed from The Catholic University to University College Dublin in 1908. UCD began to move out from the centre of Dublin to Belfield in1964.

## Features

UCD has over 30,000 students. At Belfield, the school covers .

## Infobox (university)

- **image**: University College Dublin Campus Photo1.jpg
- **name**: University College Dublin
- **latin name**: Universitate Hiberniae Nationali apud Dublinum
- **type**: Public university
- **motto**: Ad Astra; Cothrom na Féinne
- **city**: Dublin
- **country**: Ireland
- **campus**: Urban,
- **language**: English, Irish, others
Battle of Monte de las Cruces

The battle **began at about 8am on 30 October 1810** in a cold pine forest on rugged territory. The battle had three phases, corresponding to the three offensives of the insurgent army against royalist positions. The first two were rebuffed, but the insurgents managed to surround the royalists.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Battle of Monte de las Cruces
- **partof**: the Mexican War of Independence
- **image**: Bataille du Mont des Croix.jpg
- **image size**: 300
- **date**: 30 October 1810
- **place**: Ocoyoacac, New Spain
- **result**: Tactical insurgent victory
*Hidalgo renounces to continue towards Mexico City
- **combatant1**:  Mexican Insurgents
- **combatant2**:  Royalist (Spanish American independence), Royalist
- **commander1**: Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
Ignacio Allende
Juan Aldama
Mariano Abasolo
- **commander2**: :es:Torcuato Trujillo, Torcuato Trujillo
Agustin Iturbide
- **strength1**: 60,000 – 80,000 irregular military, irregulars and militias
- **strength2**: 1,400 – 7,000 militias
- **casualties1**: 3,000 – 5,000
- **casualties2**: 1,000 – 2,500
Yolo

**Yolo** or **YOLO** may refer to:

## Phrases

- YOLO (aphorism) ("you only live once")

## Places

- Yolo, California, an unincorporated community and census-designated place
- Yolo County, California
    - Yolo County Airport
- Yolo City, the former name of Woodland, California
- Yolo, Mali, a village

### Music

- "YOLO" (The Lonely Island song), 2013
- "YOLO" (Band-Maid song), 2016
- _YOLO_ (album), 2017 album by South Korean pop music group Dia
- "YOLO", a song by Madtown from their 2014 EP _Mad Town_

### Television

- _Yolo_ (Ghanaian TV series)
- _YOLO: Crystal Fantasy_, 2020 animated series for Adult Swim
- "YOLO" (_The Simpsons_), 2013 episode
- "YOLO" (_Scandal_), 2013 episode of the TV series _Scandal_

## Science and technology

- Yolo telescope, a type of reflecting telescope with tilted mirrors
- YOLO (algorithm) (You Only Look Once), an algorithm for object detection

## People

- Yolo (prince) (1625–1689), Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty
- Yolo Akili (born 1981), activist, writer, poet, counselor, and community organizer
WANF

WANF (channel 46) is a Independent television station in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, . It is the flagship property of locally based Gray Media and is co-owned with independent station WPCH-TV (channel 17) and low-power, Class A Telemundo affiliate WKTB-CD (channel 47). WANF and WPCH-TV share studios on 14th Street Northwest in Atlanta's Atlantic Station district, while WANF's transmitter is located in the city's Woodland Hills section. The station went independent from CBS on August 16th 2025 the CBS affiliation  moved to network owned WUPA.
Bilady, Bilady, Bilady

"**Bilady, Bilady, Bilady**" (, ; "My Country, My Country, My Country"), officially called "**Bilādī, laki ḥubbī wa fuʾādī**" (; "My homeland, you have my love and my heart"), is the national anthem of Egypt.

### Arabic original

|Arabic original|Romanisation|IPA transcription|English translation|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|<poem dir="rtl" style="line-height:1.52em;"></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem> 𝄆 My homeland, my homeland, my homeland You have my love and my heart. 𝄇 **I** Egypt! O mother of all countries, You are my hope and my ambition, And above all people, Your Nile has countless graces! **II** Egypt! Most precious gem, A blaze on the brow of eternity! O my homeland, be for ever free, Safe from every enemy! **III** Egypt, noble are your children. Loyal, and guardians of the reins. Be we at war or peace We will sacrifice ourselves for you, my homeland. </poem>|

### Coptic lyrics

|Coptic version|Romanisation|IPA transcription|
| --- | --- | --- |
|<poem> </poem>|<poem> </poem>|<poem></poem>|
Libya, Libya, Libya

"**Libya, Libya, Libya**" () is the national anthem of Libya.

## Lyrics

The rewritten third verse is not always sung.

|Arabic original|Transliteration|IPA transcription|English translation|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|<poem dir="rtl" style="line-height:1.52em;"></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem> O my country, o my country, With my struggle and gladiatorial patience, Drive off all enemies' plots and mishaps Be saved, be saved, be saved Be saved all the way We are your sacrifices Libya, Libya, Libya! **I** O my country, You're the heritage of my ancestors May Allah not bless any hand that tries to harm you Be saved, we are for ever your soldiers No matter the death toll if you've been saved Take from us the most credential oaths, We won't let you down, Libya We will never be enchained again We are free and have freed our homeland Libya, Libya, Libya! **II** Our grandfathers stripped a fine determination When the call for struggle was made They marched carrying Qur'an in one hand, and their weapons by the other hand The universe is then full of faith and purity The world is then a place of goodness and godliness Eternity is for our grandfathers They have honoured this homeland Libya, Libya, Libya! **III** Hail Al Mukhtar, the prince of conquerors He is the symbol of struggle and Jihad He raises our flag high And we follow him, freeing our homeland, He was praised with glory and conquest manifest And raises hope for Libya in heaven, A free flag Over a rich country, Libya, Libya, Libya. **IV** O son of Libya, O son of lions of the wild We're for honour and the honours are for us Since we began struggling, people all over praised May Allah bless our Independence So seek height as a quality in mankind Our cubs, be prepared for the foreseen battles Our youths, to prevail Life is only a struggle for homeland Libya, Libya, Libya!</poem>|

### Berber version

|Berber lyrics (Tifinagh)|Berber lyrics (Latin)|
| --- | --- |
|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|
Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan

"**Naḥnu Jund Allāh Jund al-Waṭan**" (; "We are the Soldiers of God, the Soldiers of Homeland") is the national anthem of Sudan.

## Lyrics

|Arabic original|Romanisation|IPA transcription|English translation|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|<poem dir="rtl" style="line-height:1.52em;"></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem>We are soldiers of god, soldiers of the homeland, if called for redemption we will not betray We defy death upon ordeals, we buy glory at the most expensive price This land is ours, long live our Sudan, an edifice among the nations O Sons of the Sudan this is your symbol, carry the burden and protect your land.</poem>|
Djibouti (anthem)

"**Djibouti**" (, , ) is the national anthem of Djibouti.

### Somali and Afar lyrics

|Somali lyrics|Somali IPA transcription|Afar lyrics|Afar IPA transcription|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|

### Translations

|Poetic English translation|Poetic French translation|Poetic Arabic translation|
| --- | --- | --- |
|<poem>Arise with strength! For we have raised our flag, The flag which has cost us dear 𝄆 With extremes of thirst and pain. 𝄇 Our flag, whose colours are the everlasting green of the earth, The blue of the sky, and white, the colour of peace; And in the centre the red star of blood. 𝄆 Oh flag of ours, what a glorious sight! Oh flag of ours, what a glorious sight! 𝄇</poem>|<poem>Lève-toi avec force! Parce que nous avons hissé notre drapeau, Le drapeau qui nous a coûté cher 𝄆 Avec une soif et une douleur extrêmes. 𝄇 Notre drapeau, dont les couleurs sont le vert éternel de la terre, Le bleu du ciel et le blanc, la couleur de la paix; Et dans le centre de l'étoile rouge de sang. 𝄆 Oh notre drapeau, quel spectacle magnifique! Oh notre drapeau, quel spectacle magnifique! 𝄇</poem>|<poem dir="rtl" style="line-height:1.52em;"></poem>|
Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea

"**Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea**" (, ) is the national anthem of Eritrea.

### Tigrinya original

|Tigrinya lyrics|Transliteration|IPA transcription|
| --- | --- | --- |
|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|<poem></poem>|

### Translations

|Italian translation|English translation|Arabic translation|Transliteration|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|<poem></poem>|<poem>𝄆 Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea, Her Nemesis destroyed while wailing, her sacrifices vindicated by freedom. 𝄇 Forever firm in her principles, her name became a synonym of tenacity, Eritrea, the pride of the oppressed, is a testament that truth prevails. Eritrea, Eritrea, has taken her rightful place in the world. [So that] The supreme dedication that brought us freedom, will serve to rebuild her and develop her, We shall honour her with progress, It is our legacy to crown her. 𝄆 Eritrea, Eritrea, has taken her rightful place in the world. 𝄇</poem>|<poem dir="rtl" style="line-height:1.52em;"></poem>|<poem>𝄆 ʾIritriyā, ʾIritriyā, ʾIritriyā, Qad dāḥarat biḡayyẓihim ʾaʿdāʾihā, Wa-tuwwajat bi-l-naṣri taḍaḥīyātiha. 𝄇 Maʿa-l-ʾaʿdāʾ qad mrit min ʿuhūd, Ḡadā ismuhā muʿjizata-ṣ-umūd, Faḵr al-mukāfiḥīn fī ʾIritriyā, Qad barhanat ʾan al-ʿulan lahā. ʾIritriyā, ʾIritriyā, Taduwwaʾāt makānahā bayni-l-ʾumam. Bi-ʾṣarārini-la-ḏī jani-l-taḥrīr Sananjaz ul-bināʾa wa-l-taʿmīr Li-tazdahir wa-talbasa-l-waqār Taʿāhadnā ʾan tasmū ʾIritriyā 𝄆 ʾIritriyā, ʾIritriyā, Taduwwaʾāt makānahā bayni-l-ʾumam. 𝄇</poem>|
Qolobaa Calankeed

"**Qolobaa Calankeed**" (; ; "Every nation has its own flag") is the national anthem of Somalia.

## Lyrics

|Somali original (Somali Latin alphabet)|Somali original (Osmanya script)|Somali original (Wadaad writing)|IPA transcription|Official English translation|Poetic English translation|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|<poem> </poem>|<poem> </poem>|<poem dir="rtl"> </poem>|<poem> </poem>|<poem> (𝄆) Any nation's flag, bears its own color (𝄇) The sky (above us), does ours look like Defects it has none; love it with candor **I** (𝄆) Oh you White Star, at your service we are (𝄇) Superior you are, in any part of our land Be famous oh Star, like the sun (of the far) **II** (𝄆) On the day you arose, our hearts you have (𝄇) Purified with pureness, (Oh you our flag) Lord may not dim you, pray we in this night **III** (𝄆) The detached part of, our forces of five (𝄇) I beseech from God, their return you cause This fate that wrote, for us to meet now</poem>|<poem> (𝄆) The flag of any nation beareth its color, (𝄇) but the sky, doth our flag resemble, and without defects; love it with candour! **I** (𝄆) Oh thou White Star, at thy service we are (𝄇) Thou art superior, in any part of our land, be famous oh Star! like the sun of the far. **II** (𝄆) On the day thou arosest, our hearts thou hast (𝄇) with pureness purified! oh thou banner, Lord shan't thee dim, in this night we pray. **III** (𝄆) The detached part of, our forces of five. (𝄇) From Lord I beseech, their return thou causest this fate that wrote, for us now to meet.</poem>|
2019–20 Brucellosis outbreak

The **2019–20 Brucellosis outbreak** is a zoonotic i<nowiki/>nfectious type of disease that is transmitted to domestic animals. It is a type of flu  that spread in northwestern China to about 6,000 infected. It was first recorded on September 12, 2019 in Lanzhou, China. More than 6,000 cases were confirmed.  55,725 tested positive.

## Infobox (epidemic)

- **name**: 2019–20 Brucellosis outbreak
- **disease**: Severe fever and reproductive syndrome
- **location**: Eastern Asia
- **origin**: Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- **first case**: Heilongjiang
- **virus strain**: Brucella
- **deaths**: 1
- **confirmed cases**: 6,620
- **suspected cases**: 55, 725
- **cause**: Fever, headache, body pain, sterility
Tiotropium bromide

**Tiotropium bromide** (brand names **Braltus**, **Spiriva**, **Spiriva Respimat** in the UK) is a drug which belongs to a group of medicines called anticholinergic bronchodilators. It is used as a bronchodilator. It helps people with COPD and asthma as preventative drug, known as a preventive inhaler - it is a long-acting drug and usually only needs to be taken once a day.

It is used when people have trouble breathing to help them breathe better, such as easing coughing, wheezing and feeling breathless in asthma. It is used by breathing it through the mouth. Its effects last for 24 hours.

Some side effects can happen from using it, such as having a dry mouth, runny nose, headache, or having problems with breathing. There are also serious side effects that could happen, such as angioedema and bronchospasms. It has not been proven to be bad to use while pregnant, but this has not been studied very much. In 2020, there were more than 5 million prescriptions for tiotropium bromide in the United States.
MERS outbreak in South Korea

The first case of **Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)** in **South Korea** was detected in May 2015, and the outbreak was declared over by July 2015. The virus, which causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), is a betacoronavirus that was first identified in a patient in Saudi Arabia in April 2012. By the end of the outbreak in South Korea, 186 cases were confirmed, with 38 deaths recorded.

### Coronavirus

The South Korean outbreak began with the first confirmed case on May 20, 2015. A 68-year-old man who had returned from the Middle East was diagnosed with MERS nine days after he initially sought medical attention.

According to official data from the Central MERS Management Task Force of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, statistical findings were used to report the number of confirmed infections as of May 20, 2015.

## Infobox (epidemic)

- **name**: 2015 South Korea Mers-CoV epidemic
- **image**: MERS-CoV map.png
- **caption**: South Korea on the right where the epicenter of MERS 2015
- **disease**: Coronavirus
- **type**: Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak
- **first outbreak**: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- **index case**: Seoul, South Korea
- **location**: South Korea
- **deaths**: 38
- **first case**: May 20, 2015
- **confirmed cases**: 186


## Infobox (event)

- **title**: 2015 South Korea Mers-CoV epidemic
- **caption**:  Hospital where confirmed MERS cases were exposed

Location where confirmed MERS cases visited
- **date**: 20 May 2015 – 28 July 2015
- **location**: Timog Korea
Kawai Michi

**Michi Kawai** (河井 道; July 29, 1877 – February 11, 1953) was a Japanese educator and the founder of Keisen University. She was born in Ise Yamada, Mie Prefecture, in 1877. Her father was a Shinto priest and her mother was a housewife. Michi had one younger brother. Michi’s family moved to Hokkaidō in 1885. There she met an American missionary called Sarah Smith, and later moved to live with her in Sapporo. Ms. Smith became Michi's teacher, and Michi studied English and History with Ms. Smith.

After graduating from Ms. Smith's school, Michi moved back to Tokyo, and then moved to the United States when she was 21 years old. In the US she studied at Bryn Mawr College, and had many challenging and exciting experiences. After graduating from college, Michi moved back to Japan and worked for the Young Women's Christian Association for 20 years.

At the age of 51, Michi finally opened her own school in Tokyo. She called her school "Keisen Jogaku-en" which in English means "Fountain-of-blessings Girls’ Learning-garden".
MERS outbreak

In 2012, the spread of the **Middle East respiratory syndrome** affected several countries, mainly in the Middle East. It was caused by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, known as "MERS" (not 2012-nCOV). It was first detected in a patient who was admitted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, on June 6, 2012.

The cases started in small clusters until the spread was reported in 24 countries, reaching 2,500 cases. The virus recorded deaths numbering around 900 until 2021.

## Epidemic

MERS is a virus that belongs to the coronavirus family. It was first identified in the western city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, starting with symptoms similar to a simple cold. There are seven coronaviruses known to infect humans, ranging from alpha to beta.

Global surveillance of potential epidemics is in preparation due to the similarity of strains, given that SARS (2002) and MERS (2012) are being monitored.

## Infobox (epidemic)

- **name**: 2012 Mers-CoV epidemic
- **image**: MERS-CoV map.png
- **caption**: Saudi Arabia, was the epicenter of MERS 2012
- **arrival date**: June 6, 2012
- **disease**: Coronavirus
- **type**: Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak
- **index case**: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- **first outbreak**: Riyadh
- **location**: entire World
- **deaths**: 2,543
Great Plague of Marseille

The **Great Plague of Marseille** was an epidemic in Marseille, France. It started in 1720. It was the last big outbreak of the bubonic plague in Western Europe. The epidemic killed 100,000 people in the area. It soon ended in 1722.
Vũ Cát Tường

**Vu Cat Tuong** ( October 2, 1992 in Long An) is a Vietnamese singer, songwriter, and record producer. She can sing R&B, neo soul, pop, blues, jazz, funk and ballad.

## 1992-2013: Childhood and career start

Vu Cat Tuong was born on October 2, 1992 in Long An city, in family with tradition of education; Her father and grandfather are teachers. In 5 years old, she learned organ and start learning music in 2013.

Vũ Cát Tường auditioned for The Voice of Vietnam season 2, singing "Đông" in her blind audition. All four coaches, Đàm Vĩnh Hưng, Mỹ Linh, Quốc Trung and Hồng Nhung turned her chair for her and Tường eventually chose to join team Đàm Vĩnh Hưng.

Vũ Cát Tường was pitted against fellow team Đàm Vĩnh Hưng member, Song Tú, who defeated her after singing "One Night Only". Although not chosen as the winner, she received three "steals" from other coaches and opted for Hồng Nhung. In the Knockout round, Vũ Cát Tường sang "Cám ơn tình yêu tôi" by Phương Uyên and advanced to the Live shows.

In the semi-final round, coach Hồng Nhung gave her all 100% of her point, which advanced her to the finale without any public vote counted. In the live finale broadcast on December 15, 2013, she was declared the second runner-up of the second season, behind team Đàm Vĩnh Hưng's Vũ Thảo My and team Mỹ Linh's Nguyễn Hoàng Tôn.

## 2014–2016: Release MV, Album Vol.1, The Voice Kids

In 2014, Vũ Cát Tường released her first products created by herself: "Yêu xa" is a love story of two lovers who must be temporarily apart. On pop background played by piano, the song has bright colors but still full of narrative feelings. This is the first single from Vũ Cát Tường's debut album, which marked her collaboration with musician Huy Tuấn, who is the music producer of the album. After the debut, this song received a lot of attention and reached the top of the music charts. Vũ Cát Tường also released this music video, the MV uses body language to create a poetic but daring multidimensional way of romance over geographical distances. At the end of 2014, Vũ Cát Tường released her first album Giải mã (Decode) (December 23). The songs in this album were all composed by Vũ Cát Tường with her true nostalgia and emotions about life. After that, Vũ Cát Tường also produced an MV for a song in the album Giải mã (Decode): "Anh và Anh".

In 2015, Vũ Cát Tường released two singles that were "Góc đa hình" for fans in the summer and single "Phai" with a new remix. These two years also marked the moments when the name Vũ Cát Tường "bombarded" the awards, the rankings. These are the recognition for Tường's creation, the music products regarded by the audience and highly appreciated by the experts.

After 1 gap year, Vũ Cát Tường returned, the first shot in 2016 was the release of the "Mơ" single – one of the hits that built Vũ Cát Tường's music career. "Mơ" is a soulful version of Soul & R&B music that had Vũ Cát Tường's hidden minds. The song still holds the style of Tường with the loosened melody and the romantic lyrics. The message that she wants to convey in this song is "the peaceful moments watching the moon on the terrace".
AFS Intercultural Programs

**AFS Intercultural Programs** (or **AFS**, originally the **American Field Service**) is an international youth exchange organization.

## Infobox (organization)

- **name**: AFS Intercultural Programs
- **logo**: AFS Interkulturelle Begegnungen Logo.svg
- **logo size**: 200px
- **focus**: Intercultural learning
- **method**: International exchange programs
- **headquarters**: New York City, New York (state), NY, United States
- **region**: Global
- **volunteers**: 40,000
- **volunteers year**: 2015
Substitution

**Substitution** may refer to:

### Biology and chemistry

- Substitution reaction

### Mathematics and computing

- Substitution cipher, a method of encryption
- Integration by substitution, a method for finding antiderivatives and integrals

## Other uses

- Substitution (sport), where a sports team is able to change one player for another during a match

## Within Wikipedia

- Help:Substitution, help performing substitution on Wikipedia pages
- Special:ExpandTemplates, page that shows what will result from substitution
- Wikipedia:Substitution, where, when, how, and what about using substitution on Wikipedia

## Related pages

- Substituent, an atom or group of atoms
AFS

**AFS** is an initialism. It may refer to:

- AFS Intercultural Programs, formerly American Field Service
- Air force station
- Afghan afghani, unit of currency
Eragon (movie)

**Eragon** is a 2006 fantasy movie based on the book Eragon by Christopher Paolini. After shown in theatres, it got very bad reviews. It was directed by Stefen Fangmeier, the first movie to be directed by him. Another movie that continues the story was planned but was cancelled following its bad reviews.
Inheritance (book)

**Inheritance (book)** is the fourth and last novel in the Inheritance Cycle by Christopher Paolini.
Modisi

**Modisi** is a Village on the northern coast of the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. It is in the province of North Sulawesi. It is known for having a large amount of marine life. Modisi has a population of 10,350 at the 2010 Census.
TRAPPIST-1g

**TRAPPIST-1g**, also known as **2MASS J23062928-0502285 g** and **K2-112 g**, is an exoplanet orbiting around the ultra-cool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1. TRAPPIST-1 is 39 light years away from Earth in the constellation Aquarius. The planet was one of four new exoplanets discovered orbiting the star using observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope. The exoplanet is within the habitable zone of its host star. It was found by using the transit method, in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured.

TRAPPIST-1g is the second most distant known planet in its system. It is larger than Earth but less dense. This means that it likely has some form of water.

## Infobox (planet)

- **extrasolarplanet**: TRAPPIST-1g
- **image**: File:TRAPPIST-1g artist impression 2018.png
- **discovered**: 2017
- **discovery method**: Transit
- **eccentricity**: 0.00208 (± 0.00058)
- **caption**: Artist's impression of TRAPPIST-1g. (February 2018)
- **inclination**: 89.721 (± 0.23)
- **background**: #f89fa
- **mean diameter**: 14,398 km
- **mean radius**: 5,797.6 km
- **single temperature**: −78.65 ± 2.70 °C
Lambda Velorum

**Lambda Velorum** designated, **λ Velorum**, officially named **Suhail**, is a star in the southern constellation of Vela. With a mean apparent visual magnitude of 2.21, this is the third-brightest star in the constellation of Vela and one of the brighter stars in the sky. The distance to this star can be measured directly using the parallax technique, yielding an estimated 545 light years from the Sun.
The outer envelope of Suhail has an effective temperature of about 4,000 K, giving it the cool orange hue of a K-type star. It is an Lc-type, slow irregular variable star with its brightness varying between apparent magnitudes +2.14 to +2.30.
IRewind

**iRewind** is a German technology firm which develops video software products for sports industry.  The company was bought in 2017 by Swiss company Yoveo.

iRewind was established in 2013 by six persons: Christian Mauriand, Bogdan Manoiu, David De Picciotto, Salvador Garcia Zalduegui, Mihai Nicolescu, and David Delarive.

References

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: IRewind
- **foundation**: 2013
- **parent**: Yoveo
- **products**: Video software
Infitec

**Infitec GmbH** is a technology German firm based in Gerstetten, Baden-Württemberg. The name means: **In**terference **Fi**lter **Tec**hnology. The firm's founder is Helmut Jorke.
Elementar

**Elementar** is a German multinational manufacturer of elemental analyzers and isotope ratio mass spectrographs for the analysis of non-metals such as carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, hydrogen, oxygen or chlorine. The company comes from Heraeus, a multinational German engineering company that produced analytical equipment.

## Infobox (company)

- **foundation**: 1897
- **location**: Langenselbold, Hesse, Germany
- **industry**: Instrumentation and regulation technology
- **products**: Analytical instruments, equipment and consumables, services for research, manufacturing, analysis and diagnostics
- **homepage**: [https://www.elementar.com/ www.elementar.com]
EyeEm

**EyeEm** is a free online photo sharing service. The service is available as an app for iOS and Android devices and as a website . EyeEm offers users the opportunity to edit photos and share them with the photo community and also on other social networks . A "sell" function was also added in mid-2015, with EyeEm sharing the service's users with 50% of the revenue.

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: EyeEm
- **logo**: eyeem.png
- **location**: Kohlfurter Str 41/43
Berlin
- **founder**: Florian Meissner
Ramzi Rizk
Gen Sadakane
Lorenz Aschoff
- **ceo**: Florian Meissner
- **current status**: Active
- **company type**: Privately held company
- **owner**: Talenthouse
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **num employees**: Over 70
- **location country**: Germany
- **website type**: Photo sharing / Social Networking
TriMet

TriMet is the transit system in Portland Oregon. It was formed in 1969, and has since become the primary transit provider in the Portland Metropolitan Area.

## Service

TriMet has 3 main modes of transit

- Bus service: 85 local, express, and bus rapid transit lines.
- Light rail: 5 MAX light rail lines.
- Commuter rail: the WES commuter rail line.

TriMet also runs a paratransit service called "LIFT".
Rudi Hemmes

**Rudi Willem Hemmes** (20 June 1923 – 13 November 2022) was a Dutch Engelandvaarder and major general at the Royal Netherlands Air Force. He is seen as a figurehead of the Royal Netherlands Motorized Infantry Brigade.

## Biography

World War II started when Hemmes was sixteen years old. He decided to join the resistance. Among others he sabotaged German cars by throwing sugar into the petrol tanks. Together with a friend he decided to go to England in May 1943. Via France, Spain and Portugal they were able to arrive in England in May 1943, where they arrived in February 1944. There they joined the Royal Netherlands Motorized Infantry Brigade in Wolverhampton. On 8 August 8 1944  he landed with that brigade on the beaches of Normandy, from where they moved to the Netherlands.

After the war he stayed in the army. In the 1970s he was commander of the Air Force Kaderschool in Schaarsbergen.

Hemmes received several awards for his services. In 2013 he bacame an honorary citizen of The Hague.  He also received awards in other countries, including France.  In 2019 Hemmes was with Beatrix of the Netherlands during the Speech from the throne. King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands mentioned him in the speech. He said he sees him as a hero, "who risked his own life to choose the future of our country and now, 75 years later, it is still the future that drives him. That is not only inspiring, it is a assignment to all of us".

Hemmes died in The Hague on 13 November 2022, at the age of 99. Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, Máxima of the Netherlands and Beatrix of the Netherlands replied to his death that they were "intensely grateful for everything he has meant to our country until a very old age". Also the mayor of The Hague Jan van Zanen responded to his death.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rudi Hemmes
- **image**: Rudi Hemmes.JPG
- **caption**: Hemmes in 2010
- **birth name**: Rudi Willem Hemmes
- **birth place**: Harderwijk, Netherlands
- **death place**: The Hague, Netherlands
- **nationality**: Dutch
- **occupation**: major general at the Royal Netherlands Air Force
Sound and Vision

"**Sound and Vision**" is a 1977 song by David Bowie and taken from his 11th studio album _Low_. It went to number 2 in the Netherlands, number 3 in Belgium and the United Kingdom, number 6 in Germany, number 7 in New Zealand, number 15 in Austria and number 69 in the United States.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by David Bowie.

**Original 7" single**
1. "Sound and Vision" – 3:00
1. "A New Career in a New Town" – 2:50

**David Bowie vs 808 State (1991)**
1. "Sound + Vision (808 Gift mix)" – 3:58
1. "Sound + Vision (808 'lectric Blue remix instrumental)" – 4:08
1. "Sound + Vision (David Richards remix 1991)" – 4:40
1. "Sound + Vision (Original version)" – 3:03

**David Bowie vs 808 State – "Sound and Vision" Remix EP (2010)**
1. "Sound + Vision (808 Gift mix)" – 3:58
1. "Sound + Vision (808 'lectric Blue remix instrumental)" – 4:08
1. "Sound + Vision (David Richards remix 1991)" – 4:40
1. "Sound + Vision (Original version)" – 3:03
- This 2010 release is a digital download only

**David Bowie – "Sound and Vision (2013)"**
1. "Sound and Vision 2013" – 1:50
1. "Sound and Vision (Remastered)" – 3:04

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Sound and Vision
- **alt**: The cover art for David Bowie's 1977 single "Sound and Vision", featuring a profile of Bowie with the words "David Bowie Sound and Vision" in big letters, the title "A New Career in a New Town" to his left, and "RCA" in the bottom right hand corner
- **type**: single
- **artist**: David Bowie
- **album**: Low (David Bowie album), Low
- **b-side**: A New Career in a New Town
- **recorded**: September–November 1976
- **studio**: Château d'Hérouville (Hérouville-en-Vexin, Hérouville); Hansa Tonstudio, Hansa (West Berlin)
- **label**: RCA Records, RCA
- **writer**: David Bowie
- **prev title**: Suffragette City
- **prev year**: 1976
- **next title**: Be My Wife
- **next year**: 1977
Young Girl (song)

"**Young Girl**" is a 1968 song by Gary Puckett & The Union Gap and is the title track to second studio album _Young Girl_. It went to number 1 in Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom and number 2 in Australia, South Africa and the United Kingdom.

## Infobox (song)

- **name**: Young Girl
- **caption**: 1968 45rpm record label
- **type**: single
- **artist**: Gary Puckett & The Union Gap
- **album**: Young Girl (album), Young Girl
- **b-side**: I'm Losing You
- **released**: 1968 in music, March 1968
- **genre**: Pop music, Pop
- **label**: Columbia Records, Columbia
- **writer**: Jerry Fuller
- **producer**: Jerry Fuller
- **prev title**: Woman, Woman
- **prev year**: 1967
- **next title**: Lady Willpower
- **next year**: 1968
Marthe Olivier

**Marthe Olivier**, sometimes written as **Marthe Olivet** and **Marthe Ollivier**, (born 1893) was a French competitive swimmer and sport administrator from Paris. As a competitve swimmer she was active between 1909 and 1922. She won many prize in France including becoming twice national champion. She represented France at the 1922 Women's Olympiad.

Olivier was a member of Mouettes de Paris and later also a member of the _L'Association Sportive des Postes, des Télégraphes et Téléphones_ team.

## Career

One of her first main competitions was in June 1909, when she competed at the annual gala of the CNP. In January 1914 she wins the third prize during the aquatics competitions week organized by the Nouveau Cirque of Paris. Two years later she won the second prize in the 100 metres event during the celebration of family bath in Charenton-le-Pont with a time of 1:58.6 on 17 September 1916. She won third prize in the 100 metres event on 5 August 1917 in Poissy, on 13 September 1918 in Nogent-sur-Marne and on 15 July 1919 during the aquatics festival in Calais. In 1919 she also finished third in the 500 metres event in Nantes on 20 September. Her first main victory was in 1920 winning the 100 metres event in Vitry-sur-Seine on 20 June. The next week she became champion of Paris in the 100 metres event. Later the year she also became champion of Paris in the 100m breaststroke. In 1920 she also won the 100 metres during the 3rd Olympic day in Saint-Denis in July and in Pantin in September. Olivier represented France at the 1922 Women's Olympiad in Monte Carlo in the 200 metre breaststroke event.

## Sport administration

Olivier became vice-president of the Mouettes de Paris in 1916. In 1919, she became a member of the sports commission and in 1921 sports director.

## Personal life

Olivier was born in 1893. She lived in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. In 1913 she married to M. Comte. She worked at the Postes, Télégraphes et Téléphones (PTT).

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **name**: Marthe Olivier
- **national team**: France
- **club**: Mouettes de Paris
- **show-medals**: yes
Joséphine Oberle

**Joséphine Oberle** was a French competitive swimmer from Colmar during the 1920s. She was specialized in the breaststroke. Oberle was a member of Sports Réunis de Colmar and the early French national team.

Oberle became France national champion in August 1921 at the first 200 metres breaststroke event. With a time of 3:54.6 she also set a new French record. She was selected to represent France at the 1922 Women's Olympiad in Monte Carlo. She competed in the 200 metre breaststroke event. Later in 1922 she won the bronze medal at the France national championships in a time of 4:06.6 in Tourcoing. In 1926, she won with her team the _Petit Parisien Cup_ in Paris on 22 August.

## Infobox (swimmer)

- **name**: Joséphine Oberle
- **national team**: France
- **strokes**: Breaststroke
- **club**: Sports Réunis de Colmar
- **show-medals**: yes