juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Livigno

**Livigno** is a _comune_ in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is in the Italian Alps, near the Swiss border.
Javier Chércoles Blázquez

**Javier Chércoles Blázquez** born in Caracas (Venezuela) in 1964, is a director in fashion sector, university professor and crisis advisor in humanitarian disasters.

## Trajectory

He holds a degree in Law from UNED and in Economics and Business from Universidad Complutense.

Between 2000 and 2010 he worked for Inditex, a multinational based in Galicia. Chércoles was responsible for preparing Zara 's _Internal Code of Ethics_, a document that regulates the operation of the factories that work for Inditex.

He also worked for PwC.

### in Bangladesh

In 2008, Chércoles went to Bangladesh to personally check the situation of a factory in Dhaka, where there were verbal and physical abuse, as well as salary cuts. Chércoles acknowledged that the factory was in "very bad" condition, but said there was no evidence they were manufacturing for Inditex. He later discovered that he was associated with another factory that produced clothes for Zara. The workshops were close to each other, and Chércoles admitted that it was possible to transfer part of the production from one to another without Inditex's permission or knowledge. A few years earlier he had discovered that the victims of the Bhopal disaster had not yet been compensated, because, as he told Kofi Annan, "there is no way to calculate them, nor any political intention (to pay them)".

As CSR director, he decided to deepen labor controls in the production chain, control measures with which Inditex's management did not agree. In 2010 he left the position receiving 1.57 million euros.

In April 2013, in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, the Rana Plaza building collapsed and 1,134 workers were killed. He was hired by Primark to pay 14 million euros to victims being the first multinational to deal with compensation.

### At the University

He was voluntarily confined to the monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos for six months to write his doctoral thesis in the English language .  Since June 2013, he has been working as a professor at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, at the Institute of Disaster & Vulnerability Management Studies.

He was also a professor at Complutense, URJC and ESADE Universities and an academic lecturer at Harvard, Georgetown (United States), Andrés Bello (Caracas, Venezuela) and Antonio Ruiz de Montoya (Lima, Peru) universities.

## Published work

- _Navigating the Spider's Web._ _Building resilience after an industrial disaster in the ready-to-wear garment sector in Bangladesh_ (2012). Doctoral thesis, directed by Alfred Vernis i Domènech. Ramon Llull University.

## References

</references>

## Related pages

- Clothes
- Building collapse in Savar

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Javier Chércoles Blázquez
- **birth date**: 1964
- **birth place**: Caracas, Venezuela
- **education**: UNED, Complutense University, ESADE
Brunate

**Brunate** is a _comune_ in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy.
Beutal

**Beutal** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Beutal
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Beutal-Temple.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Beutal.svg
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Bavans
- **insee**: 25059
- **postal code**: 25250
- **mayor**: Roland Thierry
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Montbéliard Agglomération
- **elevation min m**: 310
- **elevation max m**: 469
- **area km2**: 5.78
Bief

**Bief** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bief
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Bief, vue générale.JPG
- **insee**: 25061
- **postal code**: 25190
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Maîche
- **mayor**: Alexandre Pantel
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Maîche
- **elevation min m**: 357
- **elevation max m**: 660
- **area km2**: 3.81
Blamont

**Blamont** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Blamont
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Eglise de Blamont 01.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Blamont (Doubs).svg
- **insee**: 25063
- **postal code**: 25310
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Maîche
- **mayor**: Serge Delfils
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Montbéliard Agglomération
- **elevation min m**: 403
- **elevation max m**: 603
- **area km2**: 10.06
Gravataí

**Gravataí** is an Brazilian city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, near Porto Alegre. About 280,000 people lived there.
Altamira, Pará

**Altamira** is a municipality in the state of Pará, in northern Brazil. It has an area of , making it the largest municipality by area both in Pará state and Brazil. 115,969 people lived here in 2020.
Barcelos, Amazonas

**Barcelos** is an Brazilian municipality in the state of Amazonas. 27,638 people lived here in 2020 and its area is , making it the second-largest municipality by area in Brazil (after Altamira, Pará).
Shrimad Vidyadhiraj Teerth Swamiji

**Shrimad Vidyadhiraj Teerth** ( 3 August 1945  – 19 July 2021), was a Hindu philosopher & 23rd  peethadhish of Gokarna math. He was the Mathadipathi of the **Partagali Gokarna math** of Goa from 26th Feb 1967 to 19 July 2021.

## Infobox (hindu leader)

- **religion**: Hinduism
- **name**: Shrimad Vidyadhiraja Teerth Sripad Vader
- **term start1**: 26th Feb 1967
- **term end1**: 19th July 2021
- **successor1**: Shrimad Vidhyadhish Teerth Swamiji
- **predecessor1**: Shri Dwarakanatha Theertha
- **birth place**: Gangolli, Uttar Kannada, British Raj (In-present Udupi district, Karnataka)
- **home town**: Gangolli
- **era**: 21st century
- **death place**: Partagal, Poinginim, Canacona, Goa
- **resting place**: Partagali
- **guru**: Shri Dwarakanatha Theertha
- **successor**: Shrimad Vidyadhiraj Teerth Swamiji
- **birth name**: Raghavendra Acharya
- **image**: Shrimad Vidyadhiraj Teertha Swamiji 2017.jpg
- **caption**: H.H Shrimad Vidyadhiraj Teerth Swamiji in 2017
- **order**: Dvaita
- **honorific prefix**: His Holiness
- **website**: https://www.dbcblr.org
Rugrats Go Wild

**Rugrats Go Wild** is a 2003 animated adventure comedy movie. It is based on the Nickelodeon TV show Rugrats. It was the last movie in the rugrats series.
Renfield

***Renfield*** is an American dark fantasy horror-comedy movie directed by Chris McKay and written by Ryan Ridley. It is based on an original pitch by Robert Kirkman. It stars Nicholas Hoult as Renfield, a henchman to Count Dracula who decides to leave his line of work after falling in love. Nicolas Cage, Awkwafina, Ben Schwartz, Adrian Martinez, Shohreh Aghdashloo, Bess Rous, and James Moses Black co-star. The movie is scheduled to be released on April 14, 2023, by Universal Pictures.

## Premise

Count Dracula's lackey Renfield finds a new lease on life when he falls in love with Rebecca Quincy, a feisty traffic officer.

## Cast

- Nicholas Hoult as R.M. Renfield
- Nicolas Cage as Count Dracula, a vampire and Renfield's boss
- Awkwafina as Rebecca Quincy, a traffic cop and Renfield's love-interest
- Ben Schwartz as Teddy Lobo, a mobster
- Adrian Martinez as Chris Marcos, a traffic cop
- Shohreh Aghdashloo as Ella, a crime boss
- Bess Rous as Caitlyn, a support group member
- James Moses Black as Captain J. Browning

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Renfield
- **director**: Chris McKay
- **screenplay**: Ryan Ridley
- **story**: Robert Kirkman
- **cinematography**: Mitchell Amundsen
- **music**: Marco Beltrami
- **distributor**: Universal Pictures
- **runtime**: 93 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $65 million
- **gross**: $26.9 million
Mutualism (economic theory)

**Mutualism** is a thought and economic theory.

## Related pages

- Democratic socialism
- Social democracy

## Books

- Backer, Thomas B. (1978). _The Mutualists: The Heirs of Proudhon in the First International, 1865–1878_. University of Cincinnati.
- Wilbur, Shawn P. (2018). "Mutualism". In Adams, Matthew S.; Levy, Carl. _The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism_. Springer. pp. 213–224. .

## Other websites

- Carson, Kevin (2006). _Studies in Mutualist Political Economy_. BookSurge Publishing.
- Gambone, Larry (1996). Proudhon and Anarchism: Proudhon's Libertarian Thought and the Anarchist Movement_. Red Lion Press.
- Greene, William Batchelder (1850). _Mutual Banking: Showing the Radical Deficiency of the Present Circulating Medium and the Advantages of a Free Currency_.
- Kropotkin, Peter (1902). _Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution_.
- Lloyd, John William (1927). _Anarchist-Mutualism_. Individualist anarchist criticism.
- Long, Roderick T., ed. (Winter 2006). _Journal of Libertarian Studies_ **20** (1). This issue is devoted to Kevin Carson's _Studies in Mutualist Political Economy_ and includes critiques and Carson's rejoinders.
- Reisman, George (18 June 2006). _Mutualism: A Philosophy for Thieves_. Mises Institute. Austrian School and Objectivist criticism.
- Swartz, Clarene Lee. (1927). _What Is Mutualism?_.
- Warren, Josiah (1829). _Plan of the Cincinnati Labor for Labor Store_. Mechanics Free Press.
- Weisbord, Albert (1937). "Mutualism". _The Conquest of Power_.
- Carson, Kevin, _et al.'' "A Mutualist FAQ". Mutualist: Free-Market Anti-Capitalism.
Oedipus complex

**Oedipus complex** is a term Sigmund Freud introduced. Freud said it was that someone wanted to have a sexual relationship with the parent of the opposite sex, and to kill the parent of the same sex. Freud uses the figure Oedipus, from Greek mythology: Oedipus killed a man in a fight, when he didn't know this man was his father, king Laios of Thebes. In that time, the Sphinx besieged Thebes, and gave riddles to those who passed. Those who weren't able to answer or solve the riddles, would be killed or eaten. Oedipus was able to solve the riddle, and as a prize, he received Iokaste, the widow of king Laios. He didn't know that Iokaste was his mother. The Sphinx was very ashamed that someone had been able to solve the riddle, and killed itself.

Freud developed a whole theory, and he says that humans are driven, which is comomnly known as drive theory ("Triebtheorie" in German). He said that all children between ages three and five have what he called fantasies of incest. He also thought that the opposite case: the love of the same-sex parent, and the rivalry with the opposite-sex parent was normal.

After Freud, people like Carl Gustav Jung made a difference between the Oedipus complex they associated with boys, and a similar phenomenon they called Electra complex they associated with girls.
Ostrov (Karlovy Vary District)

**Ostrov**, also known as **Ostrov nad Ohří** (), is a town in Karlovy Vary District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. About 16,000 people lived there.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Ostrov
- **other name**: Ostrov nad Ohří
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Ostrov nad ohri marktplatz.jpg
- **image caption**: Old Town Square
- **image flag**: Flag of Ostrov.svg
- **image shield**: Město-Ostrov-znak.png
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of the Czech Republic, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Karlovy Vary Region, Karlovy Vary
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of the Czech Republic, District
- **subdivision name2**: Karlovy Vary District, Karlovy Vary
- **pushpin map**: Czech Republic
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the Czech Republic
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Jan Bureš
- **leader party**: Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic), ODS
- **established title**: First mentioned
- **established date**: 13th century
- **area total km2**: 50.41
- **elevation m**: 398
- **population as of**: 2021-01-01
- **population total**: 16491
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 363 01
First Empire of Haiti

The **First Empire of Haiti** (), officially **Empire of Haiti** (), was an Elective Monarchy on the current Island of Hispaniola, after the Independence of Haiti on January 1, 1804 by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, the Empire would be founded until September 24, 1804, and would be crowned as _Jacques I of Haiti_ on October 6 of that same year, he would be assassinated on October 17, 1806 and the Empire would be dissolved to give way to the State and Republic of Haiti, it is not related to the Second Empire of Haiti by Faustin Soulouque.

During the creation of the constitution, it was known for the banning of white people from Haiti, except for the nationalized Germans and Poles.

## Infobox (country)

- **conventional long name**: Empire of Haiti
- **common name**: Haiti
- **native name**: French: _Empire d'Haïti_

- **image flag**: Flag of Haiti 1964 (civil).svg
- **national motto**: _Liberté ou la Mort!_ (French)

- **image map**: Hispaniola 1795-1806.png
- **capital**: Port-au-Prince
- **religion**: Roman Catholic Church, Roman Catholic
- **demonym**: Haitian
- **government type**: Elective monarchy
- **currency**: Haitian livre
- **year end**: 1806
- **year start**: 1804
- **image map caption**: The Empire of Haiti in the south of Hispaniola
- **common languages**: French
Haitian Creole
- **title leader**: List of heads of state of Haiti, Emperor
- **year leader1**: 1804–1806
- **leader1**: Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Jacques I
- **event pre**: Haitian Declaration of Independence, Independence
- **date pre**: 1 January 1804
- **event start**: Proclamation of Jean-Jacques Dessalines as Emperor Jacques I
- **date start**: 22 September
- **event end**: Assassination of Emperor Jacques I
- **date end**: 17 October
- **p1**: Saint-Domingue
- **s1**: State of Haiti
- **flag p1**: Pavillon LouisXIV.svg
- **flag s1**: Flag of Haiti (1806-1811).svg
- **flag s2**: Flag of Haiti (civil).svg
- **s2**: Republic of Haiti (1806–1820)Republic of Haiti
- **today**: Dominican Republic
Haiti
- **era**: 19th century
Meg 2: The Trench

***Meg 2: The Trench*** is a 2023 American science fiction action thriller horror movie directed by Ben Wheatley with a screenplay by Dean Georgaris, Jon Hoeber, and Erich Hoeber, based on the 1999 book _The Trench_ by Steve Alten. It serves as a sequel to the 2018 movie, _The Meg_. It stars Jason Statham and Cliff Curtis.

_Meg 2: The Trench_ was released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on August 4, 2023.

## Cast

- Jason Statham as Jonas Taylor
- Cliff Curtis as James "Mac" Mackreides
- Page Kennedy as DJ
- Shuya Cai as Meiying
- Sienna Guillory
- Skyler Samuels
- Sergio Peris-Mencheta
- Wu Jing
Mělník

**Mělník** () is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It is the capital of the Mělník District. About 20,000 people lived there. It is at the confluence of the Elbe and Vltava rivers, about  north of Prague.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Melnik2000.cz
- Culture in Melnik

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Mělník
- **settlement type**: Town
- **image skyline**: Mělník náměstí s radnicí.JPG
- **image caption**: Míru Square with town hall and former Capuchin monastery
- **image flag**: Flag of Mělník 2016 CZ.svg
- **image shield**: Mělník CoA CZ.svg
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Regions of the Czech Republic, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Central Bohemian Region, Central Bohemian
- **subdivision type2**: Districts of the Czech Republic, District
- **subdivision name2**: Mělník District, Mělník
- **pushpin map**: Czech Republic
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the Czech Republic
- **leader title**: Mayor
- **leader name**: Ctirad Mikeš
- **established title**: First mentioned
- **established date**: 1274
- **area total km2**: 24.96
- **elevation m**: 215
- **population as of**: 2021-01-01
- **population total**: 19579
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Central European Time, CET
- **utc offset1**: +1
- **timezone1 dst**: Central European Summer Time, CEST
- **utc offset1 dst**: +2
- **postal code type**: Postal code
- **postal code**: 276 01
Oleśnica

**Oleśnica** is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. In 2019, 37,169 people lived there and its area is 20.96 km².
Chełm

**Chełm** (; ) is a city in Lublin Voivodeship in Poland. It is about  from the border with Ukraine. In 2015, 63,949 people lived there.
Blarians

**Blarians** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Blarians
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Blarians, la mairie.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Blarians 25.svg
- **insee**: 25065
- **postal code**: 25640
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Baume-les-Dames
- **mayor**: Jean Gerin
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Doubs Baumois
- **elevation min m**: 227
- **elevation max m**: 267
- **area km2**: 0.89
Blussangeaux

**Blussangeaux** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Blussangeaux
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Blussangeaux, Mairie.JPG
- **insee**: 25066
- **postal code**: 25250
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Bavans
- **mayor**: Marie-Blanche Pernot
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Deux Vallées Vertes
- **elevation min m**: 292
- **elevation max m**: 336
- **area km2**: 2.12
Blussans

**Blussans** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Blussans
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Eglise Blussans 01.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Blussans.svg
- **insee**: 25067
- **postal code**: 25250
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Bavans
- **mayor**: Marc-André Dodivers
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Deux Vallées Vertes
- **elevation min m**: 290
- **elevation max m**: 482
- **area km2**: 8.04
Bolandoz

**Bolandoz** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bolandoz
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Bolandoz 3.JPG
- **insee**: 25070
- **postal code**: 25330
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Ornans
- **mayor**: Marie-Pierre Grandjean
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Loue-Lison
- **elevation min m**: 590
- **elevation max m**: 910
- **area km2**: 12.21
Bondeval

**Bondeval** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bondeval
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: BOND1.JPG
- **insee**: 25071
- **postal code**: 25230
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Maîche
- **mayor**: Guy Barbier
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Montbéliard Agglomération
- **elevation min m**: 378
- **elevation max m**: 560
- **area km2**: 4.68
Bonnal

**Bonnal** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bonnal
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Bonnal France.jpg
- **insee**: 25072
- **postal code**: 25680
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Baume-les-Dames
- **mayor**: Ghislaine Vuillier
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Villersexel
- **elevation min m**: 251
- **elevation max m**: 292
- **area km2**: 1.8
Arguel, Doubs

**Arguel** is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Fontain.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Arguel
- **image**: Sud village d'Arguel.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Arguel 25.svg
- **insee**: 25027
- **postal code**: 25720
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Besançon-6
- **commune**: Fontain
- **elevation min m**: 300
- **elevation max m**: 507
- **area km2**: 4.98
- **population**: 273
- **population date**: 2016
Bonnay, Doubs

**Bonnay** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bonnay
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Bonnay, l'église Saint Lazare.jpg
- **insee**: 25073
- **postal code**: 25870
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Baume-les-Dames
- **mayor**: Gilles Ory
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Grand Besançon Métropole
- **elevation min m**: 216
- **elevation max m**: 600
- **area km2**: 7.66
Bonnay

**Bonnay** is the name of three communes in France:
- Bonnay, Doubs
- Bonnay, Saône-et-Loire
- Bonnay, Somme
Bouclans

**Bouclans** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2018, the former commune of Vauchamps was merged into Bouclans.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bouclans
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Bouclans-mairie01.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Bouclans 25.svg
- **insee**: 25078
- **postal code**: 25360
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Baume-les-Dames
- **mayor**: Martial Hirtzel
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Portes du Haut-Doubs
- **elevation min m**: 397
- **elevation max m**: 514
- **area km2**: 24.34
Vauchamps, Doubs

**Vauchamps** is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the commune of Bouclans.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Vauchamps
- **image**: Vauchamps - img 44463.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Vauchamps (Doubs).svg
- **insee**: 25587
- **postal code**: 25360
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Baume-les-Dames
- **commune**: Bouclans
- **elevation min m**: 395
- **elevation max m**: 457
- **area km2**: 2.94
- **population**: 120
- **population date**: 2019
Bourguignon, Doubs

**Bourguignon** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bourguignon
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: BourguignonMairie.JPG
- **insee**: 25082
- **postal code**: 25150
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Valentigney
- **mayor**: Jean-Louis Noris
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Montbéliard Agglomération
- **elevation min m**: 337
- **elevation max m**: 564
- **area km2**: 5.56
Bournois

**Bournois** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bournois
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Bournois. Panorama. 2015-07-14.JPG
- **insee**: 25083
- **postal code**: 25250
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Bavans
- **mayor**: Raymond Boby
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Deux Vallées Vertes
- **elevation min m**: 330
- **elevation max m**: 521
- **area km2**: 10.48
Braillans

**Braillans** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Braillans
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Braillans, le lavoir-abreuvoir.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Braillans (Doubs).svg
- **insee**: 25086
- **postal code**: 25640
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Besançon-4
- **mayor**: Alain Blessemaille
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Grand Besançon Métropole
- **elevation min m**: 329
- **elevation max m**: 450
- **area km2**: 1.95
Branne, Doubs

**Branne** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Branne
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Branne, église.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason de la ville de Branne (Doubs).svg
- **insee**: 25087
- **postal code**: 25340
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Bavans
- **mayor**: Michel Motte
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Deux Vallées Vertes
- **elevation min m**: 272
- **elevation max m**: 556
- **area km2**: 6.45
Aincourt

**Aincourt** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north-central France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Aincourt
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Aincourt- Eglise Saint-Martin 176.jpg
- **caption**: The church of Saint-Martin, in Aincourt
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Aincourt 95.svg
- **arrondissement**: Pontoise
- **canton**: Vauréal
- **intercommunality**: Vexin-Val de Seine
- **mayor**: Emmanuel Couesnon
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **elevation min m**: 107
- **elevation max m**: 201
- **area km2**: 10.03
- **insee**: 95008
- **postal code**: 95510
Vauréal

**Vauréal** is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north-central France. In 2019, 16,456 people lived there.

The commune is in the northwestern suburbs of Paris,  from the center.
Lee Yi-hsiu

**Lee Yi-hsiu** ( ; born on 10 June 1988), known as **History Bro** (Chinese: 歷史哥), is a Taiwanese political activist, radio personality, and Internet celebrity. Lee has a master's degree. Lee supported Han Kuo-yu. Born in 1988, and raised in Kaohsiung, he has a YouTube channel.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Lee Yi-hsiu
- **image**: 歷史哥.jpg
- **birth name**: 李易修
- **birth place**: Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- **education**: master's degree
- **alma mater**: National Taiwan Normal University
- **spouse**: 1
- **children**: 2
- **occupation**: Radio personality
- **years active**: 2007~present
- **website**: [https://www.youtube.com/%E9%AB%98%E9%9B%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%93%A5/ YouTuber Channel - 高雄歷史哥]
Campbell, California

**Campbell** is a city in Santa Clara County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. In 2020, 43,959 people lived there.

## History

Prior to the founding of Campbell, the land was occupied by the Ohlone, the Native American people of the Northern California coast. About a third of present-day Campbell was part of the 1839 Alta California Rancho Rinconada de Los Gatos land grant. The city was founded by Benjamin Campbell, after whom the city is named.

The area became the center for shipping fruit grown in the surrounding area, and within a short time, the drying grounds and canneries made Campbell an important rail center.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: City of Campbell
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in California, City
- **image skyline**: Downtown Campbell.jpg
- **image caption**: Downtown Campbell
- **seal size**: 125px
- **motto**: The Orchard City
- **image map**: File:Santa Clara County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Campbell Highlighted 0610345.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Campbell in Santa Clara County, California
- **pushpin map**: San Francisco Bay Area#California#USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name1**: California
- **subdivision name2**: Santa Clara County, California, Santa Clara
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: March 28, 1952
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 15.80
- **area total sq mi**: 6.10
- **area land km2**: 15.75
- **area land sq mi**: 6.08
- **area water km2**: 0.05
- **area water sq mi**: 0.02
- **area water percent**: 1.49
- **elevation m**: 61
- **elevation ft**: 200
- **population total**: 43959
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population density sq mi**: 7229
- **population density km2**: 2791
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 95008, 95009, 95011
- **area code**: Area codes 408 and 669, 408/669
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area codes
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature IDs
- **blank1 info**: ,
Vimpeli

**Vimpeli** () is a municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 2,756 people living there on 31 December 2021. The municipalities next to it are Alajärvi, Lappajärvi, Perho and Veteli.

## Villages

Hallapuro, Huopana, Kirkonkylä, Koskela, Lakaniemi, Pokela, Pyhälahti, Rantakylä, Sääksjärvi, Viitaniemi and Vinni.

## Other websites

- Municipality of Vimpeli – Official website
Veteli

**Veteli** () is a municipality in Central Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 3,005 people living there on 31 December 2021. The municipalities next to it are Evijärvi, Halsua, Kaustinen, Kronoby, Lappajärvi, Perho and Vimpeli.

## Other websites

- Municipality of Veteli – Official website
Lestijärvi

**Lestijärvi** is a municipality in Central Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 719 people living there on 31 December 2021, that makes it the smallest municipality in Central Ostrobothnia by population. The municipalities next to it are Halsua, Kinnula, Kokkola, Perho, Reisjärvi, Sievi and Toholampi.

## Other websites

- Municipality of Lestijärvi – Official website
Kauhava

**Kauhava** is a town and municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 15,319 people living there on 31 December 2021. The municipalities next to it are Evijärvi, Isokyrö, Lappajärvi, Lapua, Nykarleby, Pedersöre, Seinäjoki and Vörå.

The bordering municipalities of Alahärmä, Kortesjärvi and Ylihärmä were merged with Kauhava on 1 January 2009.

## Other websites

- Town of Kauhava — Official website
Saltillo Municipality

**Saltillo** is one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in northeastern Mexico. The municipal seat is Saltillo. The municipality covers an area of 6837 km².

In 2005, the municipality had a total population of 648,929.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Saltillo
- **settlement type**: Municipality (Mexico), Municipality
- **image seal**: Escudo de Saltillo.svg
- **image map**: Mexico Coahuila Saltillo location map.svg
- **mapsize**: 180px
- **map caption**: Municipality of Saltillo in Coahuila
- **pushpin label position**: above
- **pushpin mapsize**: 300
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in Mexico
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: State
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1827
- **seat type**: Municipal seat, Seat
- **seat**: Saltillo
- **seat1 type**: Largest city
- **seat1**: Saltillo
- **leader title**: List of presidents of Saltillo Municipality, Municipal president
- **leader name**: Manolo Jiménez Salinas
- **area total km2**: 6837
- **population as of**: 2005
- **population total**: 648,929
- **website**: https://saltillo.gob.mx
Meinerzhagen

**Meinerzhagen** is a town in Märkischer Kreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 21,000 people live there. It is in the Sauerland region.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Meinerzhagen
- **type**: Stadt
- **image photo**: Meinerzhagen-Innenstadt1-Asio.JPG
- **image caption**: Near the city center
- **image coa**: DEU Meinerzhagen COA.png
- **image plan**: Meinerzhagen in MK.svg
- **state**: NRW
- **region**: Arnsberg
- **district**: Märkischer Kreis
- **elevation**: 313-652
- **area**: 115.18
- **postal code**: 58540
- **area code**: 02354
02358 (Valbert)
- **licence**: MK
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 9 62 036
- **divisions**: 9
- **mayor**: Jan Nesselrath
- **leader term**: 2020–25
- **party**: CDU
Hilden

**Hilden** is a town in Mettmann in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 56,000 people live there.

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **image coa**: DEU Hilden COA.svg
- **image plan**: Hilden in ME.svg
- **state**: Nordrhein-Westfalen
- **district**: Mettmann
- **elevation**: 50
- **area**: 25.96
- **postal code**: 40721,40723,40724
- **area code**: 02103
- **licence**: ME
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 05 1 58 016
- **website**: [http://www.hilden.de/ www.hilden.de]
- **mayor**: Claus Pommer
- **leader term**: 2020–25
- **party**: independent
Breconchaux

**Breconchaux** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Breconchaux
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: 11-Breconchaux-Rue.JPG
- **insee**: 25088
- **postal code**: 25640
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Baume-les-Dames
- **mayor**: Jean-Louis Faivre-Pierret
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Doubs Baumois
- **elevation min m**: 330
- **elevation max m**: 400
- **area km2**: 3.26
Brères

**Brères** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Brères
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Brères - img 46705.jpg
- **insee**: 25090
- **postal code**: 25440
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Saint-Vit
- **mayor**: Henri Barbet
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Loue-Lison
- **elevation min m**: 254
- **elevation max m**: 298
- **area km2**: 2.15
Les Bréseux

**Les Bréseux** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Les Bréseux
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Les Bréseux.JPG
- **insee**: 25091
- **postal code**: 25120
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Maîche
- **mayor**: Alexandre Monnet
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Maîche
- **elevation min m**: 570
- **elevation max m**: 910
- **area km2**: 7.37
La Bretenière, Doubs

**La Bretenière** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: La Bretenière
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: La Bretenière, le lavoir-abreuvoir.jpg
- **insee**: 25092
- **postal code**: 25640
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Baume-les-Dames
- **mayor**: Gilbert Labe
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Doubs Baumois
- **elevation min m**: 309
- **elevation max m**: 445
- **area km2**: 4.16
Bretigney

**Bretigney** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bretigney
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Mairie et ancienne école de Brétigney.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason ville fr Bretigney 25.svg
- **insee**: 25093
- **postal code**: 25250
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Bavans
- **mayor**: Christine Boschi
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Montbéliard Agglomération
- **elevation min m**: 355
- **elevation max m**: 455
- **area km2**: 1.83
Bretigney-Notre-Dame

**Bretigney-Notre-Dame** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Bretigney-Notre-Dame
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Bretigney-Notre-Dame 02.jpg
- **insee**: 25094
- **postal code**: 25110
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Baume-les-Dames
- **mayor**: Bertrand Racine
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Doubs Baumois
- **elevation min m**: 359
- **elevation max m**: 589
- **area km2**: 5.62
Brognard

**Brognard** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Brognard
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Brognard, Mairie.jpg
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Brognard.svg
- **insee**: 25097
- **postal code**: 25600
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Bethoncourt
- **mayor**: Gladys Bainier
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Montbéliard Agglomération
- **elevation min m**: 319
- **elevation max m**: 383
- **area km2**: 2.9
Buffard

**Buffard** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Buffard
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Buffard, oratoire du Dieu de Pitié.jpg
- **insee**: 25098
- **postal code**: 25440
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Saint-Vit
- **mayor**: Joëlle Maurice
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Loue-Lison
- **elevation min m**: 236
- **elevation max m**: 450
- **area km2**: 8.1
Burgille

**Burgille** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Burgille
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Burgille Eglise 01.jpg
- **insee**: 25101
- **postal code**: 25170
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Saint-Vit
- **mayor**: Thierry Decosterd
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Val Marnaysien
- **elevation min m**: 199
- **elevation max m**: 315
- **area km2**: 9.28
Burnevillers

**Burnevillers** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Burnevillers
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Burnevillers, Mairie.jpg
- **insee**: 25102
- **postal code**: 25470
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Maîche
- **mayor**: Lydie Lab
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Maîche
- **elevation min m**: 570
- **elevation max m**: 892
- **area km2**: 6.74
Busy, Doubs

**Busy** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Busy
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Eglise Busy.JPG
- **insee**: 25103
- **postal code**: 25320
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Besançon-6
- **mayor**: Christophe Mulhauser
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Grand Besançon Métropole
- **elevation min m**: 227
- **elevation max m**: 431
- **area km2**: 5.2
By, Doubs

**By** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: By
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: By - img 46611-12.jpg
- **insee**: 25104
- **postal code**: 25440
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Saint-Vit
- **mayor**: Elisabeth Jacques
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Loue-Lison
- **elevation min m**: 458
- **elevation max m**: 638
- **area km2**: 7.34
Byans-sur-Doubs

**Byans-sur-Doubs** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Byans-sur-Doubs
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Clocher XIIeme Byans sur Doubs.JPG
- **image coat of arms**: Blason Byans sur doubs.png
- **insee**: 25105
- **postal code**: 25320
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Saint-Vit
- **mayor**: Didier Paineau
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Grand Besançon Métropole
- **elevation min m**: 223
- **elevation max m**: 522
- **area km2**: 9.91
Cademène

**Cademène** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Cademène
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Vue de Cademène avec le Castel St Denis en fond - panoramio.jpg
- **insee**: 25106
- **postal code**: 25290
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Ornans
- **mayor**: Gérard Vermot-Desroches
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Loue-Lison
- **elevation min m**: 295
- **elevation max m**: 515
- **area km2**: 3.39
Cendrey

**Cendrey** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Cendrey
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: La-Beune-a-Cendrey.jpg
- **insee**: 25107
- **postal code**: 25640
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Baume-les-Dames
- **mayor**: Gérard Faivre
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Doubs Baumois
- **elevation min m**: 232
- **elevation max m**: 481
- **area km2**: 5.52
Cernay-l'Église

**Cernay-l'Église** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Cernay-l'Église
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Église Saint-Antoine de Cernay-l'Église 03.JPG
- **insee**: 25108
- **postal code**: 25120
- **arrondissement**: Montbéliard
- **canton**: Maîche
- **mayor**: Gérard Gentit
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Pays de Maîche
- **elevation min m**: 787
- **elevation max m**: 982
- **area km2**: 5.95
Cessey

**Cessey** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Cessey
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Cessey, mairie - img 46721.jpg
- **insee**: 25109
- **postal code**: 25440
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Saint-Vit
- **mayor**: Patrick Teles
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Loue-Lison
- **elevation min m**: 263
- **elevation max m**: 534
- **area km2**: 7.53
Chalèze

**Chalèze** is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France.

## Infobox (french commune)

- **name**: Chalèze
- **commune status**: Communes of France, Commune
- **image**: Chalèze.JPG
- **insee**: 25111
- **postal code**: 25220
- **arrondissement**: Besançon
- **canton**: Besançon-4
- **mayor**: René Blaison
- **term**: 2020–2026
- **intercommunality**: Grand Besançon Métropole
- **elevation min m**: 240
- **elevation max m**: 552
- **area km2**: 5.68
Sandstorm (1982 movie)

***Sandstorm*** (, , translit. Rih al-raml) is a 1982 Algerian drama movie directed by Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina and starring Nadir Benguedih, Himmoud Brahimi, Leila Shenna, Sabrina Hannach, Albert Minski.
Ronald Ryan

**Ronald Joseph Ryan** (21 February 1925 - 3 February 1967) was the last man hanged in Australia, there were many protests to commute his sentence however the governor of Victoria, Henry Bolte wanted him hanged.

## Birth

Ronald Ryan was born on 21 February 1925 at the Royal Women's Hospital in Melbourne's inner suburb of Carlton.

## Protests

Many people protested against the hanging on Ryan, with some comparing the premier Henry Bolte to Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, and calling for his death sentence to be commuted as he was believed to be innocent, however Bolte claimed that the next death sentence would go ahead no matter what, this led to him having to have the more progressive Rupert Hamer succeed him in 1972.

## Execution

Ryan was executed at 8am on 3 February 1967 at HM Prison Pentridge, Melbourne and his final words were "God bless you please make this quick".

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Ronald Joseph Ryan
- **birth name**: Ronald Joseph Ryan
- **birth date**: 21 February 1925
- **birth place**: Carlton, Australia
- **death date**: 3 February 1967 (aged 41)
- **death place**: HM Prison Pentridge, Australia
- **spouse**: Dorothy Janet
- **known for**: Last man hanged in Australia.
I Wake Up Screaming

***I Wake Up Screaming*** is a 1941 American psychological crime movie directed by H. Bruce Humberstone and was based on the novel of the same name. It stars Betty Grable, Victor Mature, Carole Landis, Allyn Joslyn, Laird Cregar, Chick Chandler, Cyril Ring and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.
My Stupid Boss

***My Stupid Boss*** is a 2016 Indonesian Malaysian Bruneian adventure comedy movie directed by Upi Avianto and was based on the four part novel of the same name by Chaos@Work. It stars Reza Rahadian, Bunga Citra Lestari, Alex Abbad, Bront Palarae, Chew Kin Wah, Nadiya Nisaa. It was followed up in 2019 with _My Stupid Boss 2_.

## Other websites

- My Stupid Boss at Layar Film
- Falcon Pictures website
Lunana: A Yak in the Classroom

***Lunana: A Yak in the Classroom*** () is a 2019 Bhutanese Chinese family drama movie directed by first time director Pawo Choyning Dorji and starring Sherab Dorji, Ugyen Norbu Lhendup, Kelden Lhamo Gurung, Kunzang Wangdi, Tshering Dorji. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 2022.
High Sierra (movie)

***High Sierra*** is a 1941 American crime movie directed by Raoul Walsh and was based on the novel of the same name. It stars Humphrey Bogart, Ida Lupino, Arthur Kennedy, Joan Leslie, Joan Leslie, Henry Travers, Cornel Wilde, Jerome Cowan, Isabel Jewell, Elisabeth Risdon and was distributed by Warner Bros.
Giant virus

A **giant virus** is a very large virus. They are sometimes called  a **girus**. Some of them are larger than typical bacteria. All known giant viruses belong to the phylum **Nucleocytoviricota**.

The genomes of many giant viruses code for unusual genes which are not found in other viruses. These include genes involved in glycolysis and the TCA cycle, fermentation, and the cytoskeleton.

The first giant viruses to be described were discovered in 1981.

Note, in the illustration from an electron microscope, the virus is surrounded by a thick (~100 nm) layer of filamentous protein fibres.

## Origin

There are two main hypotheses. Either they evolved from small viruses by picking up DNA from host organisms; or they evolved from very complicated organisms by genome reduction.
Agribusiness

**Agribusiness** (also called **bio-business** or **bio-enterprise**) refers to the enterprises, the industry, the system, and the field of study in agriculture and bio-economy.

The first goal of agribusiness is to maximize profit.
Gutian people

The **Guti** () or **Quti**, also known by the derived **Gutians** or **Guteans**, were a nomadic people of West Asia, around the Zagros Mountains (Modern Iran) during ancient times.

## History

Their homeland was known as **Gutium** (Sumerian: ,_Gu-tu-um<sup>ki</sup>_ or ,_Gu-ti-um<sup>ki</sup>_). There has been little scholarly support for theories linking the Turkic names Kutrigur and Utigur to the Gutians. Widely believed to have spoken an Indo-European (rather than Turkic) language. Iranologist W. B. Henning proposed that the Yuezhi were descended from the Guti (Gutians) and a closely associated but little known tribe referred to as the Tukri (Turki), who were native to the Zagros mountains during the mid-3rd millennium BC. Analysing the grammatical structure of the Gutian language, German Assyriologists Benno Landsberger, however, came to the conclusion that the Gutians not only were closely related to Turkic peoples, but most probably even identical.
Ribeira Square

The **Ribeira Square** () is a historical square in Porto, Portugal. It is in the historical centre of the city and is designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

The square is located in the historical district of Ribeira, part of the São Nicolau parish. The Ribeira district spreads alongside the Douro river. During the Middle Ages, Ribeira Square was the site of many shops that sold fish, bread, meat and other goods.
Scinax ruber

The **red-snouted tree frog**, **Allen's snouted tree frog**, **common snouted tree frog** or **two-striped snouted tree frog** (_Scinax ruber_) is a frog that lives in Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador and the Guianas.  Human beings also brought it to Puerto Rico.

The adult male frog is 3.1 to 3.7 cm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 4.0 to 4.2 cm long.  The male frog is yellow or almost white in color and the female frog is brown or gray in color.  This frog has dark brown spots down its sides and yellow or orange spots on its legs and middle.

This frog lives in trees and looks for food at night.  This frog can lay eggs at any time, but it usually does when the weather is rainy.  The male frog sits on a tree branch over the water and sings for the female frog.  The female frog lays her eggs, about 590 eggs at a time, on plants near the water.  When the tadpoles hatch from the eggs, they fall into the water.