juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
If I Had a Million

***If I Had a Million*** is a 1932 American comedy drama movie directed by seven directors Ernst Lubitsch, Norman Taurog, Stephen Roberts, Norman Z. McLeod, James Cruze, William A. Seiter, H. Bruce Humberstone and starring Gary Cooper, Charles Laughton, George Raft, May Robson, Charles Ruggles, Gene Raymond. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.
COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Denmark on 27 February 2020. As of 13 May 2020, there have been 10,667 confirmed cases. Among these, 533 patients have died, 8,663 have recovered, and 164 are in hospital, including 37 in intensive care.

## Lockdown effect

Denmark was among the first European countries to introduce lockdown measures, starting on 13 March. Following a period of increase in hospitalizations, the number of people in hospital with COVID-19 has been falling since late March, with the number of cases in need of intensive care and ventilator being well below available resources. Starting on 15 April, a very slow and gradual reopening has been initiated, but if there are indications that the number of infections increases too fast, it will be reversed.

## Greenland

The pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Greenland in March 2020. There have been 11 confirmed cases, but none in need of hospitalization. The last infected person had recovered on 8 April and there are no known active cases in Greenland.

## Economic response

In an attempt to reduce the economic impact of the pandemic, the government created a large economic packages with the support of all parties in Parliament. Nevertheless, it was expected that the decrease in GDP would be between 3 and 10% in 2020.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark
- **map1**: COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Denmark.svg
- **legend1**: Number of confirmed cases by municipality
(as of 27 April):
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Denmark
- **first case**: Roskilde
- **arrival date**: 27 February 2020
()
- **origin**: Wuhan, China (globally),

Lombardy, Italy (origin of first Danish case),
 Tyrol (state), Tyrol, Austria (origin of most imported cases)
- **confirmed cases**: 10,667
- **recovery cases**: 8,663
- **active cases**: 1,471
- **severe cases**: 37 (number of cases in Intensive care unit, ICU)
- **deaths**: 533
COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore

The first case relating to the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore was confirmed on 23 January 2020.

## Numbers

By late-March and April, COVID-19 areas were detected at multiple areas for foreign workers, which soon caused a large number of new cases in the country. Singapore currently has the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Southeast Asia, having overtaken Indonesia on 19 April 2020.

## Response

To fight against COVID-19, a multi-ministerial committee was formed on 22 January 2020 with Minister for National Development Lawrence Wong and Minister for Health Gan Kim Yong as the co-chairs and Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Finance Heng Swee Keat as advisors.

Singapore also spent US$500,000 to support World Health Organization (WHO) efforts against COVID-19.

In response to the growing number of new cases, Singapore announced on 3 April 2020 a strict number of measures called a "circuit breaker" from 7 April to 4 May 2020. The circuit breaker was extended to 1 June on 21 April 2020.

## Cases

National authorities began reporting on suspected cases on 4 January 2020, however the first confirmed case of infection was reported on 23 January. The person was a tourist from Wuhan. Until 30 January 2020, there were a total to 13 confirmed cases, all of whom were visitors to Singapore from China.

The first case involving a Singaporean was confirmed on 31 January 2020 after returning from Wuhan.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore
- **map1**: COVID-19 Cases in Singapore by Planning Areas.svg
- **disease**: Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19
- **virus strain**: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Singapore
- **first case**: Sentosa
- **arrival date**: 23 January 2020
()
- **origin**: Wuhan, Hubei, China
- **recovery cases**: 58,168
- **deaths**: 29
- **confirmed cases**: 58,285
- **active cases**: 76
COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Iceland in February 2020.

## Cases

, the total number of cases registered is 1,802, of which 1,780 have recovered and 10 have died. With a total population of 366,130 (as of 31 March 2020). The infection rate was 1 case per 203 people, one of the highest in the world. This is because more tests had been carried out in Iceland than any other country.

On 8 April, as the cases surged over 1,600 and more recoveries than new infections were recorded for the second day in a row. The total number of patients hospitalized in the country since the outbreak was 112.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland
- **map1**: COVID-19_Cases_in_Iceland_per_capita.svg
- **legend1**: Map of the pandemic in Iceland, number of cases per 1000 inhabitants.
- **map2**: COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Iceland.svg
- **legend2**: Map of the pandemic in Iceland, absolute number of cases.
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Iceland
- **first case**: Reykjavík
- **arrival date**: 28 February 2020
()
- **origin**: Wuhan, Hubei, China
- **recovery cases**: 1,780
- **deaths**: 10
- **confirmed cases**: 1,802
- **active cases**: 12
- **website**: [https://covid.is/ www.covid.is]
COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia

The **COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia** is a current outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 in Serbia caused by SARS-CoV-2.

## Cases

Its first case in Serbia was reported on 6 March 2020. The case was a 43-year-old man from Bačka Topola who had travelled to Budapest.

As of 12 May 2020, 151,304 individuals were tested of which there have been 10,243 confirmed cases, 3,600 recoveries and 220 deaths in Serbia.

## Response

On 15 March 15, a state of emergency was declared. Many argue the declaration was against the constitution, because there was no debate among the MPs in the Serbian Parliament. All schools, Kindergarten and universities were closed.

The following day, a curfew from (20:00h) to (05:00) was created across the whole country. In addition, people of the age of 65 and above have been forbidden to leave the house.

On 20 March, cafe bars, shopping malls, public transportation were all closed. Food delivery, however, was allowed.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia
- **map1**: COVID-19_Outbreak_cases_in_Serbia.png
- **legend1**: Number of confirmed cases by municipality
(as of 28 April 2020):
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Serbia
_(excluding COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo, Kosovo)_
- **first case**: Subotica
_6 March 2020_ <small>_ ( days ago)_</small>
- **arrival date**: 6 March 2020 – present
***()***
- **recovery cases**: 3,290
- **deaths**: 218
- **confirmed cases**: 10,176
- **active cases**: 6,668
- **status**: Ongoing
- **website**:
Bolliger & Mabillard

**Bolliger & Mabillard**, commonly known as **B&M**, is a roller coaster company based in Monthey, Switzerland. After installing its first coaster in 1990, they have now installed more than 100 rollercoasters across the globe. Bolliger & Mabillard left Giovanola, but the company continued to use their track design; the company's roller coasters _Goliath_ (at Six Flags Magic Mountain) and _Titan_ (at Six Flags Over Texas), use a track style very similar to B&M's.
COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica

The **COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica** is part of an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed in Jamaica in 10 March 2020. It happened at the same time as the ongoing dengue fever epidemic in Latin America and the Caribbean.

## Background

On 12 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a new coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness on 31 December 2019.

Unlike SARS outbreak of 2003, the case fatality ratio for COVID-19  has been much lower, but the transmission has been greater, with a significant total death toll.

## Responses

The government announced a travel ban between China and Jamaica. All people entering Jamaica from China were quarantined for at least 14 days, and anyone who was allowed to land and showed symptoms of the virus was put in immediate isolation.

On 12 March, Prime Minister Andrew Holness ordered all primary and secondary schools closed for 14 days.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Jamaica
- **arrival date**: 10 March 2020
()
- **origin**: Wuhan, China
<small>(global pandemic)</small>
Kingston, Jamaica
<small>(Local outbreak)</small>
- **confirmed cases**: 507
- **active cases**: 398
- **recovery cases**: 100
- **deaths**: 09
COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Thailand on 13 January 2020, when the first case outside China was announced.

## Cases

The first reported local transmission was confirmed on 31 January. The number of cases remained low throughout February, with forty confirmed by the end of the month. Cases had a sharp increase in mid-March. Confirmed cases rose to over a hundred per day over the following week, and public areas and businesses were ordered to close in Bangkok and several other provinces.

## Response

Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha declared a state of emergency, beginning on 26 March. A curfew has been announced, beginning on 3 April 2020.

The Thai government's response to the outbreak was based on surveillance and tracing. Temperature and symptom screening for coronavirus testing was added at international airports, as well as at hospitals for patients with travel or contact history.

Ads were introduced focused on self-monitoring for at-risk groups, practicing hygiene (especially hand washing), and avoiding crowds (or wearing masks if not possible).

While residents returning from high-risk countries were encouraged to self-quarantine, travel restrictions were not announced until 5 March, when four countries were designated as "disease-infected zones".

## Criticism

The government was criticized for its slow response to the crisis. In early February, in response to concerns over hoarding and price increase of face masks, the government issued price controls. The move failed to prevent shortages among hospitals, and became a scandal. Criticism was also for the slow response to end foreign travel.

## Background

On 12 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that a novel coronavirus was the cause of a respiratory illness in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, who had initially come to the attention of the WHO on 31 December 2019.

Unlike SARS of 2003, the case fatality ratio for COVID-19  has been much lower, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand
- **map1**: COVID-19 outbreak Thailand per capita cases map.svg
- **legend1**: Map of provinces with confirmed or suspected coronavirus cases (as of 6 May).
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Thailand
- **first case**: Suvarnabhumi Airport
- **arrival date**: 13 January 2020
()
- **origin**: Wuhan, Hubei, China
- **recovery cases**: 3,839
- **deaths**: 60
- **suspected cases**: 530,648
- **confirmed cases**: 4,053
COVID-19 pandemic in Finland

The first case of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Finland was confirmed on 29 January 2020, when a Chinese tourist visiting Ivalo from Wuhan tested positive for the virus.

## Background

On 31 December 2019, the Health Commission of Wuhan, Hubei, China, informed the WHO about a large number of acute pneumonia cases with unknown origin in its province. On 9 January 2020, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) reported the identification of the SARS-CoV-2 as the cause.

On 27 January, following the developments of COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China, Finland's Ministry for Foreign Affairs advised citizens to avoid unnecessary travel to Hubei province. The following day, Finnair announced it would be ending its five weekly routes to Nanjing and Beijing Daxing until the end of March.

## Numbers

On 30 January, Finland's health officials said that up to 24 Finnish people may have the virus.

## Response

On 16 March, the president declared a state of emergency due to COVID-19. 272 laboratory-confirmed cases caused by COVID-19 had been diagnosed in Finland by 16 March 2020 at 2 pm.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Finland
- **map1**: COVID-19 per capita cases map of Finland.svg
- **legend1**: Confirmed cases per 100,000 inhabitants
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Finland
- **first case**: Inari, Finland, Inari
- **arrival date**: 23–28 January 2020
( ago, or up to 5 days earlier)
- **origin**: Wuhan, Hubei, China
- **confirmed cases**: 6,003
- **recovery cases**: >4,300 (as of May 12th, before that day was unknown at level at least 300)
- **deaths**: 275
COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic reached Ireland on 29 February 2020, and within three weeks had spread to all counties.

## Response

On 12 March 2020, the government shut all schools, colleges, childcare facilities and cultural institutions. St Patrick's Day festivals and events were cancelled. Taoiseach, Leo Varadkar addressed the nation that night. On 24 March, almost all businesses, venues, facilities and amenities were shut; but gatherings of up to four were allowed.

Three days later, the government banned all "non-essential" travel. People were made to keep apart in public.

## Lockdown effect

The lockdown has caused a recession and a rise in unemployment, with a longer lockdown forecast to cause greater damage.

By mid-April 2020, the National Public Health Emergency Team (NPHET) reported that the growth rate of the pandemic had been "as low as it needs to be", that the curve had flattened and that there would be no peak coming.

## Cases

By 25 June 2021, the Department of Health had confirmed 270,477 cases and 4,989 deaths; a rate of 54,184  cases per million and 999  deaths per million population.
More than 90% of those that have died were aged over 65, and most also had underlying illnesses or lived in care homes.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland
- **map1**: COVID-19 14-day incidence rate per 100,000 population in Ireland.png
- **legend1**: Confirmed cases per 100k inhabitants by county, as of 23 June 2021
- **disease**: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
- **virus strain**: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
- **location**: Republic of Ireland
- **first case**: Dublin
- **arrival date**: 29 February 2020
( ago)
- **deaths**: 4,989 <small>(as of 25 June 2021)</small>
- **confirmed cases**: 270,477 <small>(as of 25 June 2021)</small>
- **website**: [https://www.gov.ie/en/news/7e0924-latest-updates-on-covid-19-coronavirus/ Gov.ie - Latest updates on COVID-19 (Coronavirus)]
- **dates**: 8 March 2020
Flatten the curve

**Flattening the curve** is a term used in public health to mean slowing down the spread of diseases such as COVID-19. The curve being flattened is the epidemic curve, a representation of the number of infected people needing health care over time. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the term was mostly used by healthcare professionals. However, during the pandemic it was used frequently by the media.

During an epidemic, a health care system can break down when the number of people infected passes the health care system's ability to take care of them. Flattening the curve means slowing the spread of the epidemic so that the peak number of people requiring care at a time is reduced, and the health care system does not pass its capacity.

Flattening the curve relies on techniques such as quarantine, stay at home orders (lockdown), and social distancing.
COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay

The first cases of the **COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay** were reported on the 13th of March by the Ministry of Public Health.

As of March 2020, there is an ongoing outbreak in Uruguay, with the first few cases imported from Italy and Spain.

## Cause

The majority of early cases were caused by a wedding with 500 people in Montevideo. It was attended by a Uruguayan returning from Spain who later tested positive.

On 14 March, it was announced that the two patients who took the bus ride on 8 March caused some 200 contacts, who were seen as suspected cases with home quarantine recommended.

## Response

On 16 March, the government issued an order to close all border crossings except Carrasco International Airport. The border with Argentina was closed effective 17 March at midnight.

President Luis Lacalle Pou said that the idea of closing the border with Brazil was "a little more complex", because it is a dry land border, and many people living near the border. Lacalle Pou advised people over 65 to stay at home.

Flights from the United States were suspended effective 18 March, and from Europe effective 20 March at midnight (00:00), at which point the airport was to close.

The government recommended working from home and not traveling. To free up hospital beds, surgeries were rescheduled.

Temperature checks were introduced in prisons and activities for prisoners restricted.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay
- **map1**: COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Uruguay.svg
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Uruguay
- **first case**: Montevideo
- **arrival date**: 13 March 2020
()
- **confirmed cases**: 719 <small>(as of May 13, 2020)</small>
- **deaths**: 19 <small>(as of May 13, 2020)</small>
- **severe cases**: 8 <small>(as of May 13, 2020)</small>
- **recovery cases**: 545 <small>(as of May 13, 2020)</small>
- **active cases**: 155 <small>(as of May 13, 2020)</small>
- **website**: [https://www.gub.uy/sistema-nacional-emergencias/comunicacion/comunicados Sistema Nacional de Emergencias]
COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Paraguay on 7 March 2020 in a 32-year-old man from Guayaquil, Ecuador, living in San Lorenzo, Central department.

## Response

On 10 March 2020, the Paraguayan government suspended classes and all activities that involve groups of people, as well as public and private events, for 15 days. Other measures include partial closure of borders, restricting entry of foreigners, and curfews.

## Numbers

On 20 March 2020, the first death and the first case of community transmission were confirmed. The government declared a total quarantine until 3 May, with free movement restricted completely. Public movement was restricted to buying food, medicine and other essential items.

## Reopening

On 4 May, the country began to “smart quarantine”, which is the slow return to work and social activities with social distancing and hygiene measures.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay
- **map1**: COVID-19_Outbreak_Cases_in_Paraguay.png
- **legend1**: Map of departments with confirmed coronavirus cases:
- **disease**: Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19
- **virus strain**: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Paraguay
- **first case**: Central department
- **arrival date**: 7 March 2020
<small>()</small>
- **origin**: Guayaquil, COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador, Ecuador (local)
Wuhan, COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China, China (global)
- **confirmed cases**: 737
- **recovery cases**: 173
- **deaths**: 10
COVID-19 pandemic in Peru

The COVID-19 pandemic was reported to have spread to Peru on 6 March 2020 when a 25-year-old man who had travelled to Spain, France and the Czech Republic tested positive.

On 15 March 2020, President Martín Vizcarra announced a country-wide lockdown, closing borders, slowing down domestic travel, and ending nonessential business, except health facilities, food vendors, pharmacies, and financial institutions.

Peru, with a total population of 32 million, had a total of 500 intensive care unit (ICU) beds available as of April 2020, and was working on expanding its nation-wide ventilator system from 40 to 540 machines within the coming months.

The engineering and production was supplied by the Peruvian military.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Peru
- **map1**: COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Peru.svg
- **legend1**: Departments with confirmed coronavirus cases
- **disease**: Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19
- **virus strain**: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Peru
- **first case**: Lima
- **arrival date**: 6 March 2020
()
- **origin**: Wuhan, Hubei, China via Czech Republic, France and Spain
- **recovery cases**: 730,595
- **deaths**: 35,317
- **confirmed cases**: 939,931
- **website**: https://covid19.minsa.gob.pe/sala_situacional.asp
COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic

The COVID-19 pandemic saw its first three confirmed cases in the Czech Republic on 1 March 2020.

## Response

On 12 March, the government declared a state of emergency, for the first time in the country's modern history for the area of the entire country. On 16 March, the country closed its borders and issued a nationwide curfew.

While originally planned until 24 March, the measures were later extended until 1 April and then again until the end of State of Emergency which was extended by the Chamber of Deputies until 30 April 2020 and then again until 17 May 2020.

A general closure of services and retail sale was in place from 14 March until 11 May, however all shops could conduct distance sales with delivery from 24 March onwards. Government didn't order closure of manufacturing plants, but many did so voluntarily during second half of March with gradual reopening from 14 April.

Czech Republic was first European country to make wearing of facemasks mandatory from 19 March onwards.

## Testing

COVID-19 testing was made widely available with drive through locations from 14 March, and from 27 March anyone with a fever, dry cough or shortness of breath being eligible for a free test.

From 13 April onwards, COVID-19 testing passed its demand.

## Deaths

Contact tracing in the country included also voluntary disclosure of mobile phone position and debit card payments data for previous days and quaranting of identified contacts.

By 1 May 2020, altogether 257 COVID-19 related deaths were identified in the Czech Republic compared to 2,719 in similarly populous Sweden, which did not impose any lockdown.

## Reopening

Czech Republic started gradual easing of measures from 7 April 2020 onwards with most restrictions being lifted by 11 May 2020.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic
- **map1**: COVID-19 Czech Republic - Cases per capita.svg
- **legend1**: Confirmed cases per 100.000 residents
- **map2**: COVID-19 Czech Republic - Cases per capita (last 14 days).svg
- **legend2**: New cases in 14 days per 100k residents
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Czech Republic
- **first case**: Prague
- **arrival date**: 1 March 2020
( ago)
- **origin**: Wuhan, Hubei, China
- **confirmed cases**: 8,275
- **active cases**: 2,927
- **recovery cases**: 5,058
- **deaths**: 290
COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spread to Hungary on 4 March 2020, when the first cases in the country were announced.

## Cases

The first coronavirus-related death was announced on 15 March on the government's official website.

On 18 March, the government announced that the virus had spread to every part of the country.

## Response

At the beginning of the pandemic, Hungarians living in China who wanted to move back to Europe were transported home through France. The affected seven persons were under quarantine for two weeks. As they remained healthy during the next two weeks, they were released on 16 February.

The Government of Hungary launched its official webpage and official Facebook page about the new coronavirus, both on 4 March 2020.

On 11 March, the Hungarian government declared a state of emergency.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary
- **disease**: Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19
- **map1**: Covid-19-9.5.png
- **virus strain**: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Hungary
- **first case**: Budapest
- **arrival date**: 4 March 2020 ()
- **origin**: Italy
Iran
- **confirmed cases**: 3,380
- **recovery cases**: 1,169
- **deaths**: 436
COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached El Salvador on 18 March 2020.

## Numbers

As of 13 May 2020, El Salvador reported 1,112 cases, 20 deaths and 405 recoveries.

On 31 March 2020, the first COVID-19 death in El Salvador was confirmed.

## Response

President Nayib Bukele banned public gathering of more than 500 people and shut down educational institutions on 17 March.

## Arrests

El Salvador had arrested more people for violating the quarantine than it had diagnosed cases of COVID-19, a total of 2,424 people had been arrested for violating quarantine orders, and 48,913 people had been tested for the virus.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador
- **map1**: MapCovidElSalvador7.png
- **legend1**: Number of confirmed cases by department
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: El Salvador
- **first case**: Metapán, Santa Ana Department, Santa Ana
- **arrival date**: 18 March 2020
()
- **origin**: Wuhan, China
- **recovery cases**: 405
- **deaths**: 20
- **confirmed cases**: 1,112
- **critical cases**: 19
- **active cases**: 687
- **suspected cases**: 598
- **website**: [https://covid19.gob.sv/ Official Statistics - Government of El Salvador]
COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan

The Chinese pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Afghanistan in Herat, was confirmed on 24 February 2020.

## Numbers

As of 14 May 2020, there have been 5,639 positive cases, with 691 recoveries and 136 deaths across all 34 provinces in the country. Kabul Province has the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Afghanistan at 1556, followed by Herat with 935 cases, and then Kandahar with 613 cases.

## People returning from Iran

In March 2020, at least 150,000 Afghans returned from Iran, due to the outbreak across the country, at the Islam Qala border in Herat Province.

As many as over 1000 people a day crossed the border during the month. Between March and April 2020, the number of cases increased in Herat Province to over 200 cases.

At the Chaman and Torkham borders, over 60,000 Afghans returned from Pakistan in three days.

## Response

On 14 March, President Ashraf Ghani, told the public to avoid large public gatherings and to pay attention to hygiene to prevent the spread of the disease.

On 18 March, the Ministry of Interior Affairs banned all large gatherings, including the closure of venues that attract large crowds such as entertainment places, sports grounds, swimming pools, fitness clubs and wedding halls.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan
- **map1**: Afghanistan 2020 COVID-19 Map (Allio-19).png
- **legend1**: Number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 by Provinces of Afghanistan, Province of Afghanistan as of 24 December 2020.
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Afghanistan
- **first case**: Herat
- **arrival date**: 24 February 2020
()
- **origin**: Wuhan, Hubei, China
- **recovery cases**: 201,269
Arthur Holmes

**Arthur Holmes** (18901965) was an English geologist. He made two important contributions: the use of radioactive isotopes for dating minerals, and the suggestion that convection currents in the mantle play an important role in continental drift.

Holmes showed us that thermal convection currents were strong enough to move large land masses, which contributed to Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift or theory of Plate tectonics. Harry H. Hess (19061969) also supported this view.

Holmes was a pioneer of geochronology, and performed the first accurate uranium-lead radiometric dating while an undergraduate in London. This gave a date of 370 mya to a Devonian rock from Norway.  This result was published in 1911, after his graduation in 1910.

Holmes worked on the problem of the age of the Earth all his life. He reached an approximately correct estimate by the 1940s of 4,500±100 mya.
COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela

As part of an ongoing worldwide pandemic,  the first two patients with COVID-19 in Venezuela were confirmed on 13 March 2020; the first death was reported on 26 March.

## Records

However, the first record of a patient claiming to have symptoms of coronavirus disease dates back to 29 February 2020, with government officials suspecting that the first person carrying the virus could have entered the country as early as 25 February.

## Vulnerability

Venezuela is particularly vulnerable to the pandemic because of its ongoing socioeconomic and political crisis causing massive shortages of food and basic necessities, including medical supplies.

The mass emigration of Venezuelan doctors has also caused chronic staff shortages in hospitals.

To prevent the spread of the disease into Venezuela, the governments of Brazil and Colombia temporarily closed their borders with Venezuela.

## Response

Stay-at-home orders were announced on 15 March, when the country registered another seven cases, and introduced the next day across six states and the Caracas area.

It was on the first day of the quarantine across six states, 16 March, that Argentina's ambassador in Venezuela, Eduardo Porretti, tested positive for the virus, and Nicolás Maduro announced that sixteen new cases were confirmed, bringing the total to 33. Maduro extended the quarantine to the entire country.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela
- **map1**: COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Venezuela.svg
- **legend1**: Federal entities with confirmed (red) cases (as of 13 May 2020)
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Venezuela
- **first case**: Miranda (state), Miranda State
- **arrival date**: 13 March 2020
()
- **origin**: China
Spain
United States
Italy
Colombia
- **active cases**: <small>(as of 13 May 2020)</small>
- **confirmed cases**: 440 <small>(as of 13 May 2020)</small>
- **recovery cases**: 220 <small>(as of 13 May 2020)</small>
- **deaths**: 10 <small>(as of 13 May 2020)</small>
- **territories**: Capital District (Venezuela), Capital District, all 23 States of Venezuela, states and 1 Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, federal dependency
COVID-19 pandemic in Panama

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Panama on 9 March 2020.

## Cases

, Panama reported 2528 cases, 63 deaths and 16 recoveries. One of the dead was a 64-year-old male, who also suffered from diabetes and pneumonia.

Of those infected, 83 were sent to a hospital. The infected individuals belong to the 29-59 age group and had each recently traveled abroad.

A 13-year-old girl died of Covid-19 on 23 March.

## Response

The government declared a state of emergency on 13 March 2020. The move freed US$50 million for a period of 180 days to purchase goods and services to combat COVID-19.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Panama
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **location**: Panama
- **first case**: Tocumen International Airport
- **arrival date**: 9 March 2020
()
- **origin**: Wuhan, China
- **confirmed cases**: 8,783
- **suspected cases**: ?
- **recovery cases**: 6,021
- **deaths**: 252
COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Bolivia when its first two cases were confirmed on 10 March 2020. They were in the departments of Oruro and Santa Cruz.

On 12 March, Bolivia ended all public school sessions until 31 March, as well as all commercial flights to and from Europe for a long time. They also prohibited large-scale public gatherings of more than 1,000 people.

Following the announcement of the first confirmed case, incidents were reported among the local population, including panic buying of surgical masks and hand sanitizer and blocking access to hospitals.

On 19 March a patient under observation who was required to stay in isolation tried to escape but was caught when he tried to take a trip between departments.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia
- **map1**: COVID-19 Outbreak in Bolivia by Confirmed Cases.svg
- **disease**: Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19
- **virus strain**: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Bolivia
- **first case**: Oruro Department, Oruro and Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia), Santa Cruz
- **arrival date**: 10 March 2020
 ()
- **origin**: Spain, United States
- **confirmed cases**: 3,148
- **suspected cases**: 70
- **recovery cases**: 338
- **deaths**: 142
COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to Iraq in February 2020.

## Cases

Cases have been confirmed in all 19 Iraqi Governorates as of the 27 March, with the Iraqi Kurdistan region having 309 (26%) of those cases as of 8 April.

During the pandemic, Iraq reported its first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections on 22 February 2020 in Najaf. By April, the number of confirmed cases had passed the hundred mark in Baghdad, Basra, Sulaymaniyah, Erbil and Najaf.

## Testing

As of 7 April, 28,414 tests had been done in Iraq (including the Kurdistan Region), with 1202 of them turning out positive.

## Weakness

Iraq is thought to be especially vulnerable to the epidemic due to being weakened by the Iraq War and United Nations sanctions, by sectarian conflict and the rise of Islamic State over the past three decades.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq
- **map1**: Number of confirmed cases by province (as of 3rd April 2020).jpg
- **legend1**: Number of confirmed cases by province as of **8th May 2020**
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Iraq
- **first case**: Najaf
- **first outbreak**: Qom, Iran
- **arrival date**: 22 February 2020 – present
 ()
- **recovery cases**: 1,966
- **deaths**: 115
- **confirmed cases**: 3,032
- **active cases**: 918
- **website**: https://www.facebook.com/MOH.GOV.IQ/
COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spread to Saudi Arabia on March 2, 2020, when the Ministry of Health confirmed the first case in the kingdom.

By April 8, as many as 150 members of the Saudi royal family had tested positive. The king's nephew, Faisal bin Bandar Al Saud, has been put in the intensive care unit over coronavirus problems.

As of November 25, the country had 355,741 confirmed cases, the highest among the Arabian Gulf States with 344,311 recoveries and 5,811 deaths.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Saudi Arabia
- **first case**: Qatif, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, Eastern Province
- **arrival date**: 2 March 2020
()
- **origin**: Wuhan, Hubei, China
- **recovery cases**: 344,311
- **deaths**: 5,811
- **confirmed cases**: 355,741
COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Colombia on 6 March 2020.

## Cases

On 6 March, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection confirmed Colombia's first case of coronavirus, a 19-year-old female patient who recently traveled to Milan, Italy.

On 12 March, four more cases were confirmed, two in Bogotá and two in Neiva. Authorities declared a health emergency, suspending all public events involving more than 500 people, as well as implementing measures intended to keep cruise ships from docking in any national port.

## Response

As of 17 March, Colombia is not allowing entry to those who are not Colombian citizens, permanent residents or diplomats.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia
- **map1**: COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Colombia.svg
- **legend1**: Confirmed cases by Departments of Colombia, departments
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Colombia
- **first case**: Bogotá
- **arrival date**: 6 March 2020
()
- **origin**: Wuhan, China (globally)
Milan, Italy (locally)
- **confirmed cases**: 6,3 millions
- **recovery cases**: 6,1 millions
- **deaths**: 142 k
COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Argentina on 3 March 2020, with 6,866 people being infected.

## Cases

On 7 March, the Ministry of Health confirmed the country's first death, a 64-year-old man who had traveled to Paris, France, who also had other health conditions. The case was only confirmed as positive after the patient's death. This also marked the first documented death from the virus in the country.

## Response

On 19 March, Argentina entered a nation-wide lockdown. The Argentine government announced the extension of the lockdown, originally expected to end on March 31, then mid April, and later until 26 April.

On 25 April, President Alberto Fernández announced that the lockdown would be extended in major cities until 10 May. The lockdown was lifted up throughout all the country since 10 May, excepting the Greater Buenos Aires, as the lockdown was expected to continue in that urban area at least until 24 May.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Argentina
- **first case**: Buenos Aires
- **arrival date**: 3 March 2020
()
- **origin**: Wuhan, Hubei, China
- **recovery cases**: _9,914,485_
- **website**: https://www.argentina.gob.ar/salud/coronavirus-COVID-19
COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Cuba on 11 March 2020 when three Italian tourists tested positive for the virus.

## The beginning

On 11 March, the first three cases in Cuba were confirmed. The patients were Italian tourists. They were kept in isolation at the Pedro Kouri Tropical Medicine Institute in Havana.

## Response

The government told citizens to make their own face masks. People were told to carry several cloth face masks with them, depending on how many hours they plan to spend in public areas.

## Cases

On 17 March, the number of confirmed cases increased to 7.

On 18 March, the number of confirmed cases increased to 10, and the first death was announced, a 61-year old Italian who had been one of the first three confirmed.

As of 30 March, the amount of confirmed coronavirus cases is at 170, with 4 deaths.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba
- **map1**:
Map of Cuba
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Cuba
- **first case**: Trinidad, Cuba, Trinidad
- **arrival date**: 24 February 2020
()
- **confirmed cases**: 7,950
- **recovery cases**: 7,428
- **deaths**: 133
COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago

The **COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago** is part of the ongoing global viral pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was confirmed to have reached Trinidad and Tobago on 12 March 2020.

## Cases

On 12 March, Trinidad and Tobago recorded its first case of COVID-19. It was a 52-year-old man who had recently been to Switzerland. He was self-isolated before he began showing symptoms of COVID-19.

On 13 March, a second case of COVID-19 was recorded by Trinidad and Tobago. Two more cases were confirmed on the night of 15 March, bringing the total to 4 cases.

On 26 March, the second reported COVID-19 death was an eighty-year-old male with pre-existing medical conditions. He was among the rescued cruise ship passengers quarantined at Camp Balandra.

## Response

On 16 March, Prime Minister Keith Rowley announced that the country will close its borders to everyone except Trinidad and Tobago nationals and health workers for the next 14 days. Additionally, bars were to be closed and the school closures extended until 20 April.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago
- **first case**: Trinidad and Tobago
- **confirmed cases**: 50,229 (2020-05-08/2021-09-29)
- **recovery cases**: 44,575
- **deaths**: 1,466
- **origin**: Wuhan, Hubei, China
- **arrival date**: 12 March 2020-Present
()
- **location**: Trinidad and Tobago
- **map1**: Map of Trinidad.png
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **website**: [http://www.health.gov.tt/sitepages/default.aspx?id=292 health.gov.tt]
COVID-19 pandemic in Chile

The COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Chile on March 2020.

there is a COVID-19 outbreak in Chile. The country passed a thousand confirmed cases on 25 March 2020.

## First cases

On 3 March, The Minister of Public Health confirmed the first case of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Chile, thus making the country the fifth in Latin America to report such an instance after Brazil, Mexico, Ecuador and Argentina.

The next day, two more cases were confirmed.

## Responses

On 13 March, President Sebastián Piñera announced a ban on public events with more than 500 people, as the government tries to control the spread of coronavirus. A week later, he announced a state emergency.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Chile
- **map1**: COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in Chile (cases per region).svg
- **legend1**: Map of regions with confirmed cases (**as of 12 May**):
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Chile
- **first case**: Talca
- **arrival date**: 3 March 2020
()
- **recovery cases**: 14,865
- **deaths**: 347
- **confirmed cases**: 34,381
- **website**: [https://www.minsal.cl/nuevo-coronavirus-2019-ncov/ minsal.cl: Nuevo Coronavirus COVID-19]
COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

In February and March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic that started in late 2019, health authorities in Poland began laboratory testing of suspected cases of infection by SARS-CoV-2, one of the seven known human coronaviruses, as well as home quarantining and monitoring.

## Cases

The first case of a laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Poland was that of a man hospitalized in Zielona Góra, with confirmation announced officially on 4 March 2020.

The local transmission phase of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland was declared to the World Health Organization on 10 March.

The first death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Poland was that of a 56-year-old woman on 12 March.

## European help

Polish authorities did not take part in the 28 February 2020 European Union procedure for purchasing COVID-19 pandemic related medical equipment, in which 20 other member states participated. Poland applied on 6 March for the 17 March tender for the purchase of gloves, goggles, face shields, surgical masks and protective clothing.

## Numbers

, there were 16,921 laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, 839 deaths, and 6131 recoveries.

## Response

Lockdown-type control measures started on 10–12 March, closing schools and university classes and cancelling mass events, and were strengthened on 25 March. It limited non-family gatherings to two people and religious gatherings to six and did not allow any non-essential travel.

## Deaths

Death counts initially only included deaths from lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Starting on 1 April 2020, deaths that were clinically diagnosed as COVID-19 were also considered as COVID-19 deaths. , people in Poland who died in quarantine from suspected COVID-19 were not tested for SARS-CoV-2 in their autopsy.

## Testing and lockdown

, there were 269,307 people under quarantine for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and 42,783 SARS-CoV-2 tests had been made since the beginning of testing. The lockdown restrictions were tightened starting on 31 March–1 April, making  individuals walking in streets to be separated by two metres, closing parks, boulevards, beaches, hairdressers and beauty salons.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Poland
- **map1**: COVID-19 pandemic cases in Poland.svg
- **disease**: coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19
- **virus strain**: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Poland
- **first case**: Zielona Góra
- **arrival date**: 4 March 2020
()
- **origin**: Wuhan, China
- **deaths**: 869
_(ICD-10 Chapter XXII: Codes for special purposes, U07.2  included from 1 April for hospitalised cases but quarantine COVID-19 U07.2 deaths excluded)_
- **recovery cases**: 6696
- **confirmed cases**: 17 469
- **suspected cases**: 2538
COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea

Before May 2022, North Korea had not reported any cases of COVID-19. Foreign analysts believed that the virus had spread to the country. On 12 May 2022, the North Korean government declared a national emergency. It found an unspecified number of people who tested positive for COVID-19.

The North Korean government has taken extreme measures, including quarantines and travel restrictions.

## Response

North Korea was one of the first countries to close borders due to COVID-19. The government created widespread travel restrictions, including closing the border to foreign tourists in late January 2020 and then suspending flights and banning travel in and out of the country.

Though many parts of the border were closed, the bridge between Dandong and Sinuiju remained open and allowed supplies to be delivered.

In late February, the North Korean government said that it would keep the border closed until a cure was found.

On 18 March 2020, Kim Jong-un ordered the construction of new hospitals in North Korea.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea
- **map1**: COVID-19 Outbreak Cases in North Korea.svg
- **legend1**: Blue means suspected cases
- **disease**: Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19
- **virus strain**: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: North Korea
- **origin**: Wuhan, Hubei, China
- **confirmed cases**: 168
COVID-19 pandemic in Israel

The first case of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel was confirmed on 21 February 2020, after a female citizen tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 after return from quarantine on the _Diamond Princess_ ship in Japan.

## Response

As a result, a 14-day home isolation rule was created for anyone who had visited South Korea or Japan, and a ban was placed on non-residents and non-citizens who were in South Korea for 14 days before their arrival.

Beginning on 11 March, Israel began enforcing social distancing and other rules to limit the spread of infection.

Gatherings were first restricted to no more than 100 people, but on 15 March this was lowered to 10 people.

On 19 March, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declared a national state of emergency. Israelis were not allowed to leave their homes unless absolutely necessary.

## Cases

As coronavirus diagnoses spiked in the city of Bnei Brak, reaching nearly 1,000 infected individuals at the beginning of April, the cabinet voted to declare the city a "restricted zone". On 12 April, Haredi neighborhoods in Jerusalem were placed under closure.

On 20 March, an 88-year-old Holocaust survivor in Jerusalem who suffered from previous illnesses was announced as the country's first death.

Minister of Health Yaakov Litzman and his wife tested positive for the coronavirus on 2 April; Litzman was the first member of the cabinet to be infected.

## Infobox (pandemic)

- **name**: COVID-19 pandemic in Israel
- **image**: Ibngvirol001.jpg
- **caption**: Magen David Adom worker dressed in protective gear walks beside a mobile intensive care unit
- **disease**: COVID-19
- **virus strain**: SARS-CoV-2
- **location**: Israel
- **first outbreak**: Wuhan, Hubei, China
- **index case**: Ramat Gan
- **arrival date**: 21 February 2020
()
- **confirmed cases**: 16,539
- **severe cases**: 62
- **recovery cases**: 12,173
- **deaths**: 262
- **fatality rate**: 1.56%