juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
YWCA

The **Young Women's Christian Association** (or **YWCA**) is the world's largest women's organization.

It is represented in more than 120 countries around the world with more than 25 million women and girls as members. The motto of the YWCA is the empowerment of women, worldwide.

In Great Britain and Northern Ireland, only the abbreviation YWCA is used. The full name is not used because Christianity no longer plays a role in the organization.

The YWCA in the United States is a member of the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence for stricter gun control.

In Switzerland, the YWCA was widespread as the Christian Association of Young Women (CVJF) until it merged with the CVJM to form Cevi Switzerland.

## Related pages

- YMCA

## Other websites

- World Young Women's Christian Association
- YWCA England & Wales
D. M. Jayaratne

**Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Jayaratne** (, ; 4 June 1931 – 19 November 2019) known as **D. M. "Di Mu" Jayaratne**  was a Sri Lankan politician. He was Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 2010 to 2015. He was a founding member of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.

Jayaratne was first elected to parliament in 1970. He was sworn in as Prime Minister on 21 April 2010.

Jayaratne died on 19 November 2019 at a private hospital in Kandy, Sri Lanka at the age of 88.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: The Honourable, Hon.
- **image**: Nimal Korale PM- cropped.jpg
- **office1**: 14th Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
- **president1**: Mahinda Rajapaksa
- **predecessor1**: Ratnasiri Wickremanayake
- **successor1**: Ranil Wickremesinghe
- **term start1**: 21 April 2010
- **term end1**: 9 January 2015
- **office2**: Minister of Buddhasasana & Religious Affairs
- **president2**: Mahinda Rajapaksa
- **primeminister2**: **Himself**
- **term start2**: 8 July 2010
- **term end2**: 7 July 2015
- **office3**: Minister of Plantations
- **president3**: Mahinda Rajapaksa
- **primeminister3**: Ratnasiri Wickremanayake
- **term start3**: 6 August 2007
- **term end3**: 6 August 2010
- **office4**: Minister of Posts, Telecommunications & Upcountry Development
- **president4**: Mahinda Rajapaksa
 Chandrika Kumaratunga
- **primeminister4**: Ratnasiri Wickremanayake
 Mahinda Rajapaksa
- **term start4**: 8 August 2004
- **term end4**: 6 September 2007
- **office5**: Minister of Agriculture
- **president5**: Chandrika Kumaratunga
- **primeminister5**: Ranil Wickremesinghe
- **term start5**: 1 June 2000
- **term end5**: 9 July 2001
- **constituency mp6**: Kandy Electoral District, Kandy District
- **parliament6**: Sri Lanka
- **term start6**: 5 January 2004
- **term end6**: 7 January 2010
- **term start7**: 1 July 1989
- **term end7**: 29 December  2001
- **constituency mp8**: National List
- **parliament8**: Sri Lanka
- **term start8**: 7 January 2010
- **term end8**: 6 June 2015
- **term start9**: 30 December 2001
- **term end9**: 2 January 2004
- **birth name**: Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Jayaratne
- **birth place**: Colombo, Sri Lanka
- **death place**: Kandy, Sri Lanka
- **nationality**: Sri Lankan
- **party**: Sri Lanka Freedom Party
- **otherparty**: United People's Freedom Alliance
- **children**: 3
The Phantom of the Opera (musical)

***The Phantom of the Opera*** is a 1986 musical. Andrew Lloyd Webber and Richard Stilgoe wrote the book. Charles Hart and Stilgoe wrote the lyrics. Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote the music. The musical is based on the 1910  novel, _The Phantom of the Opera_ by Gaston Leroux.

## West End and Broadway premieres

_Phantom_ opened at Her Majesty's Theatre in the West End on 9 October 1986. Michael Crawford originated the titular role, with Sarah Brightman played Christine and Steve Barton as Raoul.

The musical opened on Broadway on 26 January 1988 at the Majestic Theatre. Crawford, Brightman, and Barton played their West End roles in the Broadway production.

## Main roles

- The Phantom of the Opera, a disfigured man
- Christine Daaé, a young opera singer
- Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny, Christine's love interest

## Story

The story is about a deformed musical genius who lives in a sewer beneath the opera house in Paris. Obsessed with a young soprano by the name of Christine, he terrorizes everyone at the opera in an effort to make her a star.

## Awards

The musical won various awards over the years, including the 1986 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical. Michael Crawford won the Olivier and Tony Awards for Best Actor in a Musical.

## Adaptations

The musical was made into a movie with the same name in 2004. It stars Gerard Butler as the Phantom, Emmy Rossum as Christine, and Patrick Wilson as Raoul.

## Infobox (musical)

- **name**: The Phantom of the Opera
- **image**: Her Majestys Theatre - Haymarket, London - The Phantom of the Opera (6438904139).jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Her Majesty's Theatre
- **music**: Andrew Lloyd Webber
- **lyrics**: Charles Hart
Richard Stilgoe
- **book**: Andrew Lloyd Webber
Richard Stilgoe
- **basis**: _The Phantom of the Opera_, a 1910 novel by Gaston Leroux
- **productions**: West End theatre, West End, 1986
Broadway, 1988
Movie, 2004
- **awards**: Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical (1986)
Tony Award for Best Musical (1988)
Maitree Wickramasinghe

**Maithree Wickramasinghe** (born 11 August 1954) is a Sri Lankan academic and Professor of English at the University of Kelaniya. The wife of Ranil Wickremasinghe the current President of Sri Lanka, she is the founder director of the Centre for Gender Studies at the University of Kelaniya and a visiting professor on gender and women's studies at other educational institutions including the University of Colombo and the University of Sussex. Maithree Wickramasinghe has delivered keynotes and plenaries at academic and professional fora in the US, Spain, Kenya, India, Pakistan, Singapore, South Korea and China.

## Family and education

The only child of the late Senevi B. Wickremasinghe and Shiranee Wickremasinghe (née Bandaratilaka) of Nawala, Koswatte. She graduated from King's College London with a BA (Hons) degree in English and went on to complete her MA degree in Women’s Studies at the University of Colombo. She had gained her PhD degree from the Institute of Education, University of London. In 1995 she married Ranil Wickremasinghe.

## Related pages

- Ranil Wickremasinghe

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Maithree Wickramasinghe
- **image**: Maitree Wickremesinghe at Hyderabad House 2016 (cropped).jpg
- **birth date**: 11 August 1954
- **nationality**: Sri Lankan
- **field**: Gender and women's studies
- **work institutions**: University of Kelaniya
- **alma mater**: King's College London,
University of Colombo,
University of London
- **spouse**: Ranil Wickremesinghe
Rain (video game)

***Rain ***(stylized as ***rain***), is a adventure video game developed by Acquire and SCE Japan Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. The game was known as **Lost in the Rain** in Asia.

The game was announced at Gamescom. The game was released on October 1, 2013 in North America, October 2, 2013 in Europe and on October 3, 2013 in Japan. It was released on the PlayStation Network.

## The plot

The game is about a nameless boy that lost out in the rain sees the silhouette of a young girl. He follows her and turns invisible like her. After he turns invisible he sees that there are many other creatures that are invisible and roam around. He must find his way to the young girl among the world of the invisible.

## Reception

IGN rated the game a 7 out of 10 and said "Rain creates a distinctive heartbreaking atmosphere, but fails to develop it into a more engrossing experience.”

GameSpot gave the game a 7 out of 10 and stated "Rain uses chilling atmosphere and a heartfelt story to draw you in to this fantastical world", but criticized some of the mechanics of the puzzles."

## Other websites

- Info about Rain on PlayStation Blog
- Rain on IGN

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: rain
- **developer**: Acquire (game developer), Acquire
SCE Japan Studio
- **publisher**: Sony Computer Entertainment
- **director**: Yuki Ikeda
- **designer**: Tomoharu Fujii
- **artist**: Seiichi Terashima
- **composer**: Yugo Kanno
- **engine**: Unity (game engine), Unity
- **genre**: Adventure game, Adventure
- **modes**: Single player
- **platforms**: PlayStation 3
Beachbody

**Beachbody LLC** is a publicly traded American fitness and health company. It sells fitness, weight loss and muscle-building home-exercise DVDs. The company's best-known product is Tony Horton's P90X. Its television advertisements became some of the most frequently shown infomercials in the United States. American fitness coach, Shaun T. was signed by Beachbody to create the "most intense and insane workout ever put on DVD". This led to the creation of Insanity, becoming one of the best-selling exercise DVDs in the United States.

In March 2023, the company changed its name to BODi. The BODi app, which gives subscribers access to over 8,000 workouts, was named "Best Workout App" by CNN Underscored and "Best Workout App for Beginners" by Business Insider.

## Other websites

- Official website
- Beachbody on Demand

category : 1998 establishments in California

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Beachbody LLC
- **type**: Public company, Public
- **founder**: Carl Daikeler
Jon Congdon
- **location city**: El Segundo, California
- **location country**: United States, U.S.
- **area served**: United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and France
- **key people**: Carl Daikeler
Jon Congdon
Tony Horton (exercise instructor), Tony Horton
Shaun T (fitness trainer), Shaun T.
Autumn Calabrese
Debbie Siebers
Sagi Kalev
- **industry**: Physical fitness, Fitness
 Digital fitness content
 Dietary supplement, Dietary supplements
- **products**: P90X
Insanity
Hip-hop Abs
ChaLEAN Extreme
Body Beast
Rockin Body
Body Gospel
Power 90
10 Minute Trainer
Rev Abs
Brazil Butt Lift
Chalene Johnson#Turbo Jam, Turbo Jam
Slim in 6
TurboFire
YOU!
Yoga Booty Ballet
Tai Cheng
Shakeology
- **homepage**: [https://www.bodi.com bodi.com]
Kinky Boots

***Kinky Boots*** is a musical. It is based on the 2005 movie, _Kinky Boots_. It is about a shoemaker who saves his factory by creating a line of fetish boots with the help of a drag queen.

Cyndi Lauper wrote the music and lyrics. Harvey Fierstein wrote the musical's book. It opened on Broadway at the Al Hirschfeld Theatre on April 4, 2013. It won the 2013 Tony Award for Best Musical.

## Infobox (musical)

- **name**: Kinky Boots
- **image**: KinkyBootsBroadway.JPG
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: The Al Hirschfield Theatre with a _Kinky Boots_ sign
- **music**: Cyndi Lauper
- **lyrics**: Cyndi Lauper
- **book**: Harvey Fierstein
- **basis**: _Kinky Boots_, 2005 movie
- **productions**: Broadway (2013)
- **awards**: Tony Award for Best Musical (2013)
Vijaya Kumaranatunga

**Kovilage Anton Vijaya Kumaranatunga** (; 9 October 1945 – 16 February 1988) was a popular Sri Lankan movie actor and politician. He was married to former Sri Lankan president Chandrika Kumaratunga from 1978 until his assassination in 1988.

## Family life

In 1978, Kumaranatunga married Chandrika Bandaranaike, daughter of the late Sri Lankan Prime Minister S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike and former Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike. Vijaya Kumaranatunga and Chandrika Bandaranaike had two children, Yasodhara Kumaranatunga Walker (MD) and Vimukthi Kumaranatunga (Vet) in UK.

## Death

Kumaratunga was shot with a Type 56 assault rifle outside his home on the outskirts of Colombo on 16 February 1988 by Lionel Ranasinghe. He was shot twice in back while Gamini sitting in the back seat of the motorcycle. After the gunshot, Kumaratunga fell to the ground and Gamini got off the motorcycle before shooting Kumaratunga once more in the head, thinking that the first two shots would not have killed Kumaratunga.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Vijaya Kumaranatunga
- **other names**: Kovilage Anton Vijaya Kumaranatunga
- **birth place**: Ja-Ela, Sri Lanka
- **alma mater**: De Mazenod College, St. Benedict's College, Colombo, St. Benedict's College
- **death place**: Polhendoga, Sri Lanka
- **death cause**: Gunshot wounds
- **occupation**: Actor, politician
- **height**: 6 ft in (1.83 m)
- **yearsactive**: 1968 – 1988
- **spouse**: Chandrika Kumaratunga, Chandrika Kumaranatunga
- **children**: Yasodhara, Vimukthi
Webster City, Iowa

**Webster City** is a city in central Iowa. The original name was **Newcastle**. Almost 8,000 people lived there as of the 2020 Census.
S. B. S. Abayakoon

**S. B. S. Abayakoon** (born 1958) is the dean of the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Before that, he was the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering for four and a half years. He is a professor of Civil Engineering, at Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya. He was appointed the 20th vice-chancellor of the university in August 2009.

## Sources

- http://www.pdn.ac.lk/uop/main/news/dodangolla.pdf
- http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/S.-B.-S.-Abayakoon

## Infobox (university chancellor)

- **name**: S. B. S. Abayakoon
- **image**: Prof. S.B.S. Abayakoon.jpg
- **order**: Vice Chancellor
- **university**: University of Peradeniya
- **birth date**: 1958
- **alma mater**: St. Sylvester's College, University of Peradeniya
- **residence**: Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- **profession**: Professor of Civil Engineering
- **religion**: Buddhism
- **spouse**: Jeevapani Abayakoon
- **children**: 4 Girls
MacKinlay Kantor

**Benjamin McKinlay Kantor** (February 4, 1904 – October 11, 1977) was an American journalist and novelist. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1956. He wrote over 30 novels. Several of them were set in the American Civil War.

Kantor was born in Webster City, Iowa. He died from a heart attack at seventy-three in Sarasota, Florida.
Sally Rand

**Hattie Helen Gould Beck** (or **Sally Rand**; April 3, 1904 – August 31, 1979) was an American actress and dancer. She starred in many silent movies and in movies with sound. Her movies included _The Dressmaker from Paris_ and _The Road to Yesterday_, both in 1925. Other movies followed.

Rand was born in Missouri. She died due to congestive heart failure at seventy-five.
Helen Kane

**Helen Claire Schroeder** (later known as **Helen Kane**; August 4, 1904 – September 26, 1966) was an American singer and musician. She performed popular music. She sang the famous melody "I Wanna be Loved by You" during the late 1920s. She also performed vaudeville. She recorded 22 singles between 1928 and 1930. She also performed in movies.

The cartoon character Betty Boop is based on Helen Kane.

Schroeder was born in The Bronx, New York. She died in Queens, New York at the age of 62.
Laura La Plante

**Laura La Plante** (1 November 1904 – 14 October 1996) was an American actress. She performed in silent movies. She ended her career around 1934 when talking movies began.

La Plante was born in St. Louis, Missouri. She died due to Alzheimer's disease in California at age 91.
Welsh Wikipedia

The **Welsh Wikipedia** (_Welsh_: **Wicipedia Cymraeg** or just **Wicipedia**) is the Welsh-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in July 2003. As of January 2025, it has more than 280,000 articles. Wikipedia is one of the few number of multilingual websites where Welsh has a significant presence. In the view of the Welsh government, the Welsh Wikipedia "helps to increase social capital and encourages more writing in Welsh". Welsh Wikipedia provides a rich source of information which translation tools like Google Translate are trained on; Gareth Morlais suggests that the Welsh Wikipedia's growth has contributed to the improved machine translation.

## Other websites

- Welsh Wikipedia main page

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Welsh Wikipedia
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-cy.svg
- **url**: [http://cy.wikipedia.org/ cy.wikipedia.org]
- **commercial**: No
- **location**: Miami, Florida
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **language**: welsh language, Welsh
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
Hindi Wikipedia

The **Hindi Wikipedia** is the Hindi-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in July 2003. As of June 2018, it had over 125,000 articles. It is only Indian language Wikipedia with over 100,000 articles.

## Other websites

- Hindi Wikipedia main page

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Hindi Wikipedia
 हिन्दी विकिपीडिया
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-hi.svg
- **logo size**: 175px
- **screenshot**: HindiWikipediaMainpageScreenshot1October2012.png
- **collapsible**: yes
- **url**: [http://hi.wikipedia.org/ hi.wikipedia.org]
- **commercial**: No
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **registration**: Optional
- **language**: Hindi
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
- **launch date**: 11 July 2003
The Potato Eaters

***The Potato Eaters*** is a painting made by Vincent van Gogh. It was one of his first paintings he made. He painted it at the age of 32 in 1885. Potato Eaters is a painting of peasants that lived in his town.
Thelma Ritter

**Thelma Ritter** (14 February 1902 – 5 February 1969) was an American actress. She played comedic roles. She received six Academy Award nominations and won one Tony Award. Her notable movies included _All about Eve_ in 1950, _Titanic_ in 1953 and _Rear Window_ in 1954. Ritter also played some dramatic roles, the most notable of were in _With a Song in My Heart_, and in _The Misfits_.

Ritter was born in New York City. She died there due to a heart attack at the age of 63.
Slovene Wikipedia

The **Slovene Wikipedia** (_Slovenska Wikipedija_) is the Slovene-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in February 2002.

As of October 2015, it is the 42nd largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles.

As of  , it has about  articles.

## Other websites

- Slovene Wikipedia main page

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Slovene Wikipedia
- **screenshot**: SloveneWikipediaMainpageScreenshot1October2012.png
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-sl.svg
- **caption**: Slovene Wikipedia main page, 1 October 2012
- **url**: http://sl.wikipedia.org/
- **commercial**: No
- **location**: Miami, Florida
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **language**: Slovene language, Slovene
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
Mildred Natwick

**Mildred Natwick** (June 19, 1905 – October 25, 1994) was an American stage and movie actress. She played the mother of actress Jane Fonda in the movie _Barefoot in the Park_. She acted in John Ford movies, including _She Wore a Yellow Ribbon_ and _3 Godfathers_, both of which got released in 1948. Her last role was in _Dangerous Liaisons_ in 1988.

Natwick was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She died from cancer at age 89 in New York City.
Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

***Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark*** is a musical. Julie Taymor wrote the book. U2's Bono and The Edge wrote the lyrics and music.
The musical is based on a comic book character created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, as well as the 2002 movie about the character. The Greek myth of Arachne is also a basis for the musical.

The musical features much stunt work, including moments of "flying". Some performers were injured during rehearsals. Other problems delayed the premiere of the musical. Director Julie Taymor quit. After many rehearsals and revisions, the musical opened on Broadway at the Foxwoods Theatre on 14 June 2011. It was not a critical success.

The series has all 26 episodes of the 2 seasons with thirteen episodes of the each season. The series aired on RTL, France 3, Gulli, Canal J and Canal 5 Televisa on 2006 to 2009 before Spider-Man get cancelled the program in 2009.

## Infobox (musical)

- **name**: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark
- **image**: Ny-lyric-theatre.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Foxwoods Theatre, 43rd Street entrance
- **music**: Bono and The Edge
- **lyrics**: Bono and The Edge
- **book**: Julie Taymor
- **basis**: Comic book character created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko
2002 Spider-Man movie
Greek myth about Arachne
- **productions**: World premiere at the Foxwoods Theatre in New York City, New York, on 14 June 2011
Thai Wikipedia

The **Thai Wikipedia** () is the Thai-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in December 2003. As of October 2019, it has over 133,000 articles.

## Other websites

- Thai Wikipedia main page

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Thai Wikipedia
- **screenshot**: ThaiWikipediaMainpageScreenshot12thSeptember2012.png
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-th (2010-08-17 Ver.).svg
- **url**: [http://th.wikipedia.org/ th.wikipedia.org]
- **commercial**: No
- **location**: Miami, Florida
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **language**: Thai language, Thai
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
- **author**: Thai wiki community
Waray Wikipedia

The **Waray Wikipedia** is the Waray language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started on September 25, 2005. As of January 2021, it is the 11th-largest language edition of Wikipedia. It has over  articles, many of which written by Lsjbot.

## Other websites

- Waray Wikipedia mobile version

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Waray Wikipedia
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-war.svg
- **commercial**: No
- **location**: Miami, Florida
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **language**: Waray language, Waray
- **registration**: Optional
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
- **author**: Harvey Fiji
Little Orphan Annie

***Little Orphan Annie*** was a daily comic strip created by Harold Gray. The strip made its first appearance on August 5, 1924 in the _New York Daily News_. The main characters in the strip were Little Orphan Annie, Oliver "Daddy" Warbucks, and Annie's dog Sandy. The strip followed Annie's many adventures around the world. It was cancelled on June 13, 2010.

Strip spin-offs over the years included a 1930 radio series; two movies in 1932 and 1938; an assortment of chapter books, games, comic books and other juvenile paraphernalia; the Broadway musical, _Annie_; and a movie adaptation of the musical.

## Infobox (comic strip)

- **title**: Little Orphan Annie
- **author**: Harold Gray
- **status**: Cancelled
- **first**: August 5, 1924
- **last**: June 13, 2010
- **genre**: Adventure
Nancy (comics)

***Nancy*** is a daily comic strip originally written and drawn by Ernie Bushmiller. Nancy is a pudgy little girl whose friends include poor boy Sluggo, rich kid Rollo, bully and troublemaker Spike, girlfriend Irma, and a dog named Poochie.

Nancy lives with her unmarried aunt, Fritzi Ritz. Nancy made her first appearance in her aunt's strip on January 2, 1933, but broke away in 1938 to star in her own. When Bushmiller died in August 1982, the strip was continued by other writers and artists.

## Infobox (comic strip)

- **title**: Nancy
- **author**: Ernie Bushmiller
- **first**: 1938
- **syndicate**: United Feature Syndicate
- **genre**: Children's
Humor
Dorothy Fields

**Dorothy Fields** (July 15, 1904 – March 28, 1974) was an American songwriter. She wrote more than 400 songs for Broadway musicals and movies. She wrote the lyrics for "I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby" and for "Exactly Like You". The latter was recorded by many musicians.

Fields co-wrote the 1961 song "The Way You Look Tonight" with Jerome Kern. The song was in the movie _Swing Time_ and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song.

Fields was born in New Jersey. She died due to a stroke at age sixty-eight.
Hazel (comics)

***Hazel*** was a single panel comic strip by Ted Key that appeared for many years in the last pages of _The Saturday Evening Post_, beginning in 1943. She was a maid for the well to do Baxter family. In the early 1960s, she was played by Shirley Booth in a television sitcom series with Don Defore, Whitney Blake, and Bobby Buntrock as the Baxters. In 1977, Key received the National Cartoonists Society Newspaper Panel Award for _Hazel_.
Anna Magnani

**Anna Magnani** (March 7, 1908 – September 26, 1973) was an Italian stage and movie actress. She received an Academy Award for the Best Actress for her role as a Sicilian widow in the movie _The Rose Tattoo_. She played an outcast in the 1948 movie _The Miracle_. She played Maddalena in the 1953 movie _The Golden Coach_.

Magnani was born in Rome. She later died there due to pancreatic cancer at age sixty-five.
Ida Pollock

**Ida Julia Pollock** (April 12, 1908 - December 3, 2013) was a British writer of many romance novels. She has also written short stories. She has used ten pen names. Her books have mostly been about romance and love, but sometimes about historical subjects. In 1964, she published a novel called _The Gentle Masquerade_. That book was successful.

Pollock was born in Kent, England.
Alistair Cooke

**Alfred Alistair Cooke** (or **Alistair Cooke**; November 20, 1908 – March 30, 2004) was a British-American journalist and television personality. He presented broadcasts for TV networks. He hosted _Masterpiece Theater_ on PBS between 1971 and 1992. He retired in 1992, but continued to present _Letter from America_ until his death.

Cooke was born in Salford, Lancashire. In 1937 he moved to the United States. In 1973 he was given a knighthood. He died in New York City from lung cancer.
Claire Trevor

**Claire Trevor** (March 8, 1910 – April 8, 2000) was an American movie actress. She usually played "bad girl" roles in movies. She received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as a hopeless alcoholic in the movie _Key Largo_. She also received nominations for her roles in the movies _The High and the Mighty_ and _Dead End_. She was in over sixty movies.

Trevor was born **Claire Wemlinger** in New York City. She died due to respiratory failure at age ninety in California.
Margaret Lindsay

**Margaret Lindsay** (September 19, 1910 – May 9, 1981) was an American actress. She worked with Warner Bros. in the 1930s. Her movies included _Fog over Frisco_ and _Jezebel_. She also acted in B movies during her career. Her most notable role was in _The House of the Seven Gables_ in 1940.

Lindsay was born in Dubuque, Iowa. She died from emphysema in Los Angeles.
Dorothea Tanning

**Dorothea Margaret Tanning** (25 August 1910 – 31 January 2012) was an American painter and sculptor. She also created ballet sets and costumes. She was also a book writer who performed poetry. She wrote _Between Lives: An Artist and Her World_. Her most notable paintings were done in the 1930s, the 1940s and 1950s.

Tanning was born in Galesburg, Illinois. She died at age 101 in Manhattan, New York.
Alicia Markova

**Alicia Markova** DBE (born **Lilian Alicia Marks**, 1 December 1910 – 2 December 2004) was an English ballerina and choreographer. She also directed and taught ballet. She was the first British dancer to become the prima ballerina of a ballet company.

Markova was born and raised in London. She was a founder dancer of the Ballet Rambert (1931/5), the Vic-Wells Ballet (193/5), Markova-Dolin Company (1935/8), danced for the American Ballet Theatre (1941/5), and was co-founder and director of the English National Ballet. She toured with Dolin after the war until 1949. Her last period as a dancer came with the London Festival Ballet, which became the English National Ballet. She retired from professional dancing in January 1963 at fifty-two.

Markova died at ninety-four in Bath, Somerset, of a stroke.

## Life

Markova's father was Jewish, and her mother converted to the faith. She began studying ballet with Princess Serafina Astafieva, a Russian ballerina living in London. Astafieva was a retired dancer of the Ballets Russes, a renowned ballet company founded by the impresario Sergei Diaghilev.

At 13, Markova was seen in class by Diaghilev, who was visiting London in search of new talent. He invited her to join the Ballets Russes in Monte Carlo, which she did in 1925, a month after her 14th birthday. She danced roles which were specially choreographed for her. She met some of the leading 20th century figures who worked with the company. They included Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Léonide Massine, George Balanchine, and Bronislava Nijinska.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Dame Alicia Markova Order of the British Empire, DBE
- **image**: Alicia Markova.jpg
- **image size**: 200px
- **caption**: Markova in 1940
- **birth name**: Lilian Alicia Marks
- **birth place**: London, England, UK
- **death place**: Bath, Somerset, England, UK
- **nationality**: United Kingdom, British
- **occupation**: Ballerina
- **title**: Prima ballerina assoluta and theatre company director
Patience (operetta)

***Patience; or, Bunthorne's Bride*** is a two-act operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan.  It was first performed at the Opera Comique in London, on 23 April 1881. On 10 October 1881, it moved to the Savoy Opera, a new theatre built especially for the Gilbert and Sullivan operettas. It was the first theatre to be lit entirely by electricity.

_Patience_ was the sixth of the fourteen operettas written by Gilbert and Sullivan. It ran for 578 performances. The operetta is a satire on the mores and extravangas of the aesthetic poets of the 1870s and 1880s. _Patience_ was a great success.

Gilbert originally planned to use his Bab ballad, "The Rival Curates", as the basis for _Patience_, but had second thoughts about two clergymen in a comedy and turned to the poets of the aesthetic movement instead. D'Oyly Carte sent Oscar Wilde on a lecture tour in the United States to prepare Americans for the background of the operetta.

## References

- Brahms, Caryl. 1975. _Gilbert and Sullivan: lost chords and discords._ Little, Brown. pp. 97-108.

## Infobox (play)

- **name**: Patience
- **image**: Lrussellpatience.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **caption**: Lillian Russell as Patience in 1882
- **writer**: W. S. Gilbert (words)
Arthur Sullivan (music)
- **characters**: Patience
Bunthorne
Lady Jane
Grosvenor
- **setting**: England in the late 19th century
- **premiere**: 23 April 1881
- **place**: Opera Comique
London, England
- **orig lang**: English
- **subject**: Aesthetic Movement
- **genre**: Operetta
Solar eclipse of July 16, 2186

A total solar eclipse will happen on July 16, 2186. It will pass over the southern Galápagos Islands (with a maximum eclipse of 4 minutes occurring over the southern tip of Española Island), northern South America (Ecuador including Bogota for 4 minutes and 50 seconds), central Venezuela, and northern Guyana (with a maximum eclipse of 7 minutes 4 seconds just north of Anna Regina).

This will be the longest total solar eclipse between the dates of 4000 BC and 6000 AD.  It will last a maximum of 7 minutes, 29 seconds.  The longest historical total eclipse lasted 7 minutes 28 seconds on June 15, 744BC.

## Other websites

- NASA Solar eclipses: 2101 to 2200
- Besselian Elements
- NASA googlemap of eclipse path
Eternal Silence

***Eternal Silence*** is a monument in Chicago's Graceland Cemetery. It is also known as the **Dexter Graves Monument** or the **Statue of Death**. The statue is a bronze sculpture set on and backdropped by black granite. It was created by American sculptor Lorado Taft in 1909.

## History

_Eternal Silence_ is a monument in Graceland Cemetery to Dexter Graves. Graves led a group of thirteen families who moved to Chicago from Ohio in 1831. He died in 1844, and the monument was created by sculptor Lorado Taft in 1909. Taft's son, Henry Graves, asked him to create it. In Ada Bartlett Taft's _1946 Lorado Taft; Sculptor and Citizen_, it was listed as one of his most important works. Images of Eternal Silence have been used in other artworks, including works by Claes Oldenburg. One folktale claims that if someone looks into the eyes of _Eternal Silence_s hooded figure, the viewer would be shown his or her own death.

## References

- Kiefer, Charles D., Achilles, Rolf, and Vogel, Neil A. "Graceland Cemetery" (pdf), National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, HAARGIS Database, _Illinois Historic Preservation Agency_, June 18, 2000, accessed October 8, 2011.

## Infobox (nrhp)

- **name**: Dexter Graves Monument
- **nrhp type**: cp
- **nocat**: yes
- **partof**: Graceland Cemetery
- **partof refnum**: 00001628
- **image**: Chicago, Illinois Eternal Silence1 crop.jpg
- **caption**: According to folklore looking into the eyes of the statue will give the viewer a vision of their own death.
- **location**: Uptown, Chicago, Uptown, Chicago, Illinois, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, Cook County, Illinois, United States
- **locmapin**: Chicago#Illinois#USA
- **built**: 1909
- **builder**: Jules Bercham
- **architecture**: Art Nouveau
- **customarchitect title**: Sculptor
- **customarchitect**: Lorado Taft
- **added**: January 18, 2001
Information systems

**Information systems** (IS) is the study of how people put data into computers to create useful information.

There are five things you need to make an information system work:
- **People** - People that are using these computers to do their jobs.
- **Procedures** - The things people have to DO to do their jobs.
- **Hardware** - The actual computers that people use to store facts.
- **Software** - The instructions on these computer screens that tell you how to enter facts into the computer.
- **Data** - Facts, facts, and more facts in the computer.

## Related pages

- Information technology
RSA

**RSA** may refer to:

- RSA (algorithm), an algorithm for public-key encryption
    - RSA Security, a company founded by the creators of that algorithm
- Republic of South Africa
- Royal Society of Arts, a British institution
Blocking (stage)

In theatre, **blocking** is the exact positioning of actors on a stage during a performance. The word comes from practices used by theatre directors of the 19th century, who worked out the staging of a scene on a model stage using wooden blocks to represent each of the actors. Today, the director usually determines blocking during rehearsal. They tell the actors where they should move for the proper dramatic and lighting effect, and to ensure that the audience can see everything.

The stage itself has been given named areas to help blocking.
- The back of the stage is considered **up-stage**.
- The front of the stage is **down-stage**.
- Stage left and right refer to the actor's left and right facing the audience. Because this is sometimes misunderstood, the terms _prompt_ (actor's or **stage left**) and _bastard/opposite prompt_ (actor's or **stage right**) are also used.
- **House left** and **house right** refer to how the audience sees the stage. The audience's left is called _house left_, and the audience's right is called _house right_.
Hugh Gaitskell

**Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell**  (9 April 1906 – 18 January 1963) was a British politician, and leader of the Labour Party 1955–1963. He was also Chancellor of the Exchequer under Clement Attlee. He read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at New College, University of Oxford. After an academic career at University College London he became the MP for Leeds South in 1945.
Secret society

A **secret society** is an organisation run in secrecy. There would be little or no physical evidence to prove that the society exists. An example of a large secret society is the Illuminati, which stopped existing in 1785 but is believed by some to still exist and be in control of large businesses, banks and individuals, but there is no evidence of this.
Photomontage

A **photomontage** is an image made of two or more photographs. It is made by cutting and joining the photographs together into an illusion of subject that is not real. A similar method is used today with digital photography, using image-editing software.

Photomontage can also mean the way of making a photomontage.

## Related pages

- Collage
Montage

**Montage**  may refer to:

- Collage, an image made of several images joined together
- Montage (filmmaking), a technique used in film editing
- Photomontage, an image made of several photographs joined together
- Montage (music), or sound collage
Au pair

An **au pair** is a person from a foreign country who lives in a family for typically a year or two while performing household work in the family's home. An au pair is usually a young girl in her late teens or early 20s. They take care of children as major worktasks. Some au pairs also attend language courses some hours each week.

## Responsibilities of an Au pair

- Getting the kids up in the morning
- Getting babies and young kids dressed
- Bathing them and spending time playing
- Cooking meals for the kids
- Taking care of their stuff Making their beds and tidying their rooms
- Washing their clothes
- Cleaning the kitchen after meals
- Tidying the play area after playtime
- Taking kids to school, appointments, or outings
- Staying with them when they're sick or on vacation (for au pairs in certain programs)
Butler

A **butler** is a male domestic worker in a large household with several employees.

The butler is the chief servant, responsible for the day-to-day management of the house and the other servants. In a traditional house the butler, who is always male, directs the male servants, while a housekeeper, a woman, directs the female servants. Traditionally, male servants (such as valets and footmen) were better paid and of higher status than female servants.
Tabouleh

**Tabouleh** ( _tabūlah_; also **tabbouleh** or **tab(b)ouli**) is a salad. It is usually made of bulgur, tomatoes, cucumbers, parsley, mint, onion, and garlic, and seasoned with olive oil, lemon juice, and salt. There are other ways to make it, such as using couscous instead of bulgur.

The salad originally came from the mountains of Syria and Lebanon. It has become popular throughout the Middle East, and has spread to other countries. It is a popular ethnic food in Western countries.

In the Arab world, particularly Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and Palestine, it is usually served as part of a meze.

## Infobox (food)

- **name**: Tabouleh
- **image**: Flickr - cyclonebill - Tabbouleh.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **country**: Lebanon or Syria
- **course**: Salad
- **served**: Cold
- **main ingredient**: Parsley, tomato, bulgur
Ruby Keeler

**Ethel Ruby Keeler** (August 25, 1909 – February 28, 1993) was a Canadian-American actress, singer, musician and dancer. She acted in several notable musicals through Warner Bros., particularly _42nd Street_ in 1933. Almost three years after that, she acted in another famous movie, _Colleen_.

Keeler was born in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, but raised in New York. She died from cancer in California at 82.
Animalia Paradoxa

***Animalia Paradoxa*** is the label given to a few species of animal, listed in Carolus Linnaeus early editions of Systema Naturae. Linné thought that these animals did not make sense. Today, such animals are usually called Cryptids. The respective section lists fantastic creatures found in medieval bestiaries as well as those reported by explorers from abroad and gives explanations to why they are excluded from Systema Naturae. According to Swedish historian Gunnar Broberg, it was to offer a natural explanation and demystify the world of superstition. _Paradoxa_ was dropped from Linnaeus' classification system as of the 6th edition (1748).

## Cryptic creatures

Included in the 1st (1735) edition:
- Hydra: in 1735 Linnaeus inspected the alleged remains of a Hydra in Hamburg which turned out to be made from weasels and snake skins.
- Rana-Piscis: a South American frog which is significantly smaller than its tadpole stage; it was thus (incorrectly) reported to Linnaeus that the metamorphosis in this species went from 'frog to fish'. In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Linnaeus named the species _Rana paradoxa_, though its genus name was changed in 1830 to _Pseudis_.
- Monoceros is in reality _Monodon_.
- Pelecanus: "Linnaeus thought [pelicans] might reflect the over-fervent imaginations of New World explorers"
- Satyrus: Linnaeus wrote "with a tail, hairy, bearded, with a manlike body, gesticulating much, very fallacious, is a species of monkey, if ever one has been seen."
- Borometz (aka Scythian Lamb) "Linnaeus [...] had seen a faked vegetable lamb taken from China to Sweden by a traveler"
- Phoenix
- Bernicla (aka Scottish Goose) Frederick Edward Hulme noted: "[The] barnacle-goose tree was a great article of faith with our ancestors in the Middle Ages."
- Draco: Linnaeus wrote that it has a "snakelike body, two feet, two wings, like a bat, which is a _Lacerta alata_ or a _ray_ artificially shaped as a monster and dried."
- Automa Mortis Linnaeus wrote "The DEATH-WATCH produces the sound of a smaller clock in walls, is named _Pediculus pulsatorius_, which perforates wood and lives in it".

Four taxa were added in the 2nd (1740) edition:
- Manticora
- Antilope
- Lamia
- Siren
Anita Page

**Anita Evelyn Pomares** (or **Anita Page**; born August 4, 1910 – died September 6, 2008) was an American silent movie actress. She retired from acting in 1936 but returned in the late 1990s. She appeared in the movie _Our Dancing Daughters_ with Joan Crawford in 1928. The following year, she acted in _The Broadway Melody_.

Page was born in Queens, New York. She died in Los Angeles, California at ninety-eight.
Norma Shearer

**Edith Norma Shearer** (or **Norma Shearer**; 10 August 1902 – 12 June 1983) was a Canadian and American actress. She was very popular in the 1920s and 1930s. She usually played a girl-next-door in her early movies. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in _The Divorcee_ in 1930. For most of the time before the Motion Picture Production Code, she played sexually liberated females in sophisticated contemporary comedy movies. She later appeared in historical and period movies.

Shearer was born in Montreal. She died of bronchopneumonia in Los Angeles at 80.
Wood carving

**Wood carving** is a form of working wood by means of a cutting tool. A chisel or knife are usual tools: the chisel can be tapped with a wooden mallet. The result is a wooden figure, or the sculptural ornamentation of a wooden object. A 'wood carving' may also refer to the finished product.

The making of sculpture in wood has a long history. Wood survives much less well than the other materials such as stone and bronze. It is vulnerable to decay, insect damage, and fire. Therefore, we do not know much about wood in the art history of older cultures.   Outdoor wood sculptures do not last long in most parts of the world, so that we have little idea how the totem pole tradition developed.

Many of the most important sculptures of China and Japan are in wood, also most African sculpture and that of Oceania and other regions. Wood is light, so it is suitable for masks and other objects meant to be carried. It can take very fine detail, and is also much easier to work than stone.

Some of the finest examples of early European wood carving are from the Middle Ages in Germany, Russia, Italy and France, where the typical themes of that era were used in Christian icons. In England many complete examples remain from the 16th and 17th century, when oak was often used. In general, really fine carving is done in fruitwood (wood of a fruit tree) because that is easy to work with. The famous woodcarver Grinling Gibbons used to work with lime wood. Complex pieces are often carved in separate sections which are later stuck together.

## Related pages

- Grinling Gibbons
Barbara West

**Barbara Joyce Dainton** (née **West**; May 24, 1911 – October 16, 2007) was the second-to-last remaining survivor of the sinking of the RMS _Titanic_. She was the last living survivor who had travelled under second class on the ship.

West was born in Bournemouth, England. She died at age 96 in Truro, Cornwall.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Barbara Joyce Dainton West
- **birth name**: Barbara Joyce West
- **birth place**: Bournemouth, Hampshire, England
- **death place**: Truro, Cornwall, England
- **known for**: Survivor of the _RMS Titanic, Titanic_ sinking
- **spouse**: Stanley Winder (m.1938–1951, his death)
William Ernest Barrel Dainton (m.1952–1990, his death)
- **parents**: Edwy West and Ada Worth
- **relations**: Constance and Edwyna West <small>(sisters)</small>
Systema Naturae

***Systema Naturae*** (sometimes written ******) is the main work of Carl Linnaeus, where he listed and classified the known species of plants, animals, and minerals. The first edition was made of only seven folios.

## Editions

Many editions of Systema Naturae exist, including the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, which is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759.
Kay Walsh

**Kathleen Walsh** (or **Kay Walsh**; 27 August 1911 – 16 April 2005) was an English actress and dancer. She started in West End music halls. Her first movie role was in 1934 in _How's Chances?_. She had a larger role in _Get Your Man_, also in 1934. She later moved to higher-prestige movies, including _In Which We Serve_ and _This Happy Breed_.

Walsh was born in London, England. She died from being burned in an accident at the age of 93.
Grinling Gibbons

**Grinling Gibbons** (4 April 1648 – 3 August 1721) was an AngloDutch sculptor and wood carver. He was famous for his work in England, including St Paul's Cathedral, Blenheim Palace and Hampton Court Palace.

Gibons was born and educated in Holland of English parents, his father being a merchant.

He is widely regarded as the finest wood carver working in England, and the only one whose name is widely known among the general public. Most of his work is in lime (tilia) wood, especially decorative Baroque garlands made up of still-life elements at about life size. They are made to frame mirrors and decorate the walls of churches and palaces. He also produced furniture and small relief plaques with figurative scenes. He also worked in stone, mostly for churches. By the time he was established he led quite a large workshop.

## Life and work

Very little is known about his early life. About 1667 he moved to Deptford, now in London, and by 1693 had got commissions from the royal family. By 1680 he was known as the "King's Carver", and carried out exquisite work for St Paul's Cathedral and Windsor Castle. His carving was so fine that it was said a pot of carved flowers above his house in London would tremble from the motion of passing coaches.

The diarist John Evelyn first discovered Gibbons' talent by chance in 1671. Evelyn, from whom Gibbons rented a cottage near Evelyn's home in Deptford, wrote: "I saw the young man at his carving, by the light of a candle. I saw him to be engaged on a carved representation of Tintoretto's "Crucifixion", which he had in a frame of his own making". Later that same evening, Evelyn described what he had seen to Sir Christopher Wren. Wren and Evelyn then introduced him to King Charles II who gave him his first commission. It is still in the dining room of Windsor Castle.

Horace Walpole later wrote about Gibbons: "There is no instance of a man before Gibbons who gave wood the loose and airy lightness of flowers, and chained together the various productions of the elements with the free disorder natural to each species."

Gibbons is buried at St Paul's, Covent Garden, London.

Gibbons' work very often includes carvings of peapods. A myth states that he would include a closed pod in his work, only carving it open once he had been paid. If the pea pod was left shut it supposedly showed that he had not been paid for the work.

## Bibliography

- Beard, Geoffrey 1989. _The work of Grinling Gibbons_.  London: John Murray.
- Esterly, David 2000. _Grinling Gibbons and the art of carving_. V&A Publications.
Sonian Forest

The **Sonian Forest** (, ) is a large 4,421-hectare forest in the south-eastern part of Brussels, Belgium.

It is maintained by Flanders (56%), the Brussels-Capital Region (38%) and Wallonia (6%).

The forest is in the Flemish parts of Sint-Genesius-Rode, Hoeilaart, Overijse and Tervuren, Uccle , Watermael-Boitsfort, Auderghem and Woluwe-Saint-Pierre in the Brussels-Capitale Region and in the Walloon towns of La Hulpe and Waterloo. Thus it stretches out over the three Belgian Regions. It used to be connected with Bois de la Cambre and Hallerbos, but they split up in the 19th century, because of the growth of the city of Brussels and other settlements around it, which reduced the size of the forest and divided it.

There are some parts of the forest privately held forest and the Kapucijnenbos, the "Capuchin Wood", which belongs to the Royal Trust.

## Arts

Auguste Rodin went to the forest while living in Brussels in the 1870s. He made several paintings of the forest during this time.