juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Eyeliner

An **eyeliner** (sometimes written **eye liner**) is a type of makeup used for the eyes. It is applied around the contours of the eyes to create different aesthetic effects.

In the 20th and 21st century, the use of eye liner has also been associated with Goth and Punk fashion.

Eyeliner is usually sold in black, brown and blue colors, but it can come in other colors too, like green, pink, and yellow.

## History

Eye liner was first used in Ancient India, Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia as a dark black line around the eyes. As early as 10,000 BC, Egyptians and Mesopotamians wore various cosmetics including eye liner not only for aesthetics but to protect the skin from the desert sun. Eye liner may also have been worn to protect the wearer from the evil eye. The characteristic of having heavily lined eyes has been frequently shown in ancient Egyptian art. They produced eye liner with a variety of materials, including copper ore and antimony. Ancient Egyptian kohl contained galena, which was imported from nearby regions in the Land of Punt, Coptos and Western Asia.

In the 1960s, liquid eye liner was used to create thick black and white lines around the eyes in the make-up fashion associated with designers like Mary Quant. The '60s and '70s also saw new fashion trends which made use of eyeliner, eyeshadow and mascara in new ways. As goth and punk fashion developed, they employed eyeliner for a dark and dramatic effect.

## Related pages

- Eye makeup
Pholcidae

The **Pholcidae** is a family of spiders.

## Genera

These are genera accepted by the World spider catalog.
- Aetana
- Anansus
- Anopsicus
- Pholcus
- Holocneminus
- Holocnemus
- Crossopriza

## Behavior

The spiders of this family vibrate to become invisible to the threat.
Tate (TV series)

***Tate*** is an American western series that aired from June 8 to September 14, 1960 on NBC for 13 episodes and one season. It starred Daniel McLean and was created by Harry Julian Fink of Dirty Harry fame.

## Other websites

- _Tate_ opening credits on YouTube
Yurihonjō

is a city in Akita Prefecture, Japan. 76,077 people lived here in 2020.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Yurihonjō
- **native name lang**: ja
- **settlement type**: Cities of Japan, City
- **image skyline**: View from Honmaru-no-yakata in Honjo Park.jpg
- **image caption**: View from Honjo Park
- **image flag**: Flag of Yurihonjo, Akita.svg
- **image seal**: Emblem of Yurihonjo, Akita.svg
- **image map**: Yurihonjo in Akita Prefecture Ja.svg
- **map caption**: Location of Yurihonjō in Akita Prefecture
- **pushpin map**: Japan
- **pushpin map caption**:  
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: Japan
- **subdivision type1**: List of regions of Japan, Region
- **subdivision name1**: Tōhoku region, Tōhoku
- **subdivision type2**: Prefectures of Japan, Prefecture
- **subdivision name2**: Akita Prefecture, Akita
- **leader title**: -Mayor
- **area total km2**: 1209.60
- **population total**: 76077
- **population as of**: January 2020
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone1**: Japan Standard Time
- **utc offset1**: +9
- **blank name sec1**: City Symbols
- **blank1 name sec1**: - Tree
- **blank1 info sec1**: Zelkova serrata
- **blank2 name sec1**: - Flower
- **blank2 info sec1**: Sakura
- **blank3 name sec1**: - Bird
- **blank4 name sec1**: -Fish
- **blank name sec2**: Phone number
- **blank info sec2**: 0184-24-3321
- **blank1 name sec2**: Address
- **blank1 info sec2**: 17 Ozaki Yurihonjō-shi, Akita-ken 015-8501
Francis Xavier Sudartanta Hadisumarta

**Francis Xavier Sudartanta Hadisumarta O. Carm.** (13 December 1932 – 12 February 2022) was an Indonesian Roman Catholic bishop. Hadisumarta was born in the Dutch East Indies. He became a priest in 1959. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malang, Indonesia, from 1973 to 1988 and as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Manokwari-Sorong, Indonesia, from 1988 until his resignation in 2003.

Sudartanta Hadisumarta died on 12 February 2022, at the age of 89.
Tomás Osvaldo González Morales

**Tomás Osvaldo González Morales** (20 April 1935 – 12 February 2022) was a Chilean Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1963. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Punta Arenas, Chile from 1974 until his retirement in 2006.

González Morales died from COVID-19 on 12 February 2022 in Punta Arenas at the age of 86 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile.
Atlantic Charter

The **Atlantic Charter** was a statement issued on 14 August 1941. It set out American and British goals for the world after the end of World War II.

## Related pages

- United Nations (UN)
- Allies of World War II
- Geneva Conventions
- European Union (EU)
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

### 2010s

- Jordan, Jonathan W. (2015), _American Warlords: How Roosevelt's High Command Led America to Victory in World War II_ (NAL/Caliber 2015).

## Other websites

- The Atlantic Charter
- Secret meetings seal US-Britain alliance, BBC
- The Atlantic Conference from the Avalon Project
- Letter from The Ambassador Patrick J. Hurley to the US Secretary of State Tehran, 14 April 1945. Describing meeting with Churchill, where Churchill vehemently states that the UK is in no way bound to the principles of the Atlantic Charter.
Frank Beckmann

**Frank Carl Beckmann** (November 3, 1949February 12, 2022) was an German-born American broadcaster and talk radio host. He worked as a radio personality on WJR in Detroit, Michigan. He also was the radio play-by-play announcer for University of Michigan football from 1981 to 2013.

On February 11, 2022 it was announced that Beckmann was in hospice care in Clarkston, Michigan. He died the next day from problems caused by vascular dementia, aged 72.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frank Beckmann
- **image**: Frank Beckmann at 2012 Victors Classic.jpg
- **caption**: Beckmann at the University of Michigan's Victors Classic alumni football game in 2012.
- **birth name**: Frank Carl Beckmann
- **birth place**: Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, West Germany
- **death place**: Clarkston, Michigan, U.S.
- **occupation**: Broadcaster
- **years active**: 1969–2021
Voiceless alveolar plosive

The **voiceless alveolar stop** is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is . The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "t" in _tear_ and _tool_.

## Examples

|Language|Word|IPA|Meaning|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Adyghe|||'five'|||
|Arabic|Egyptian|||'barrette'||
|Assyrian|_ܒܝܬܐ bè**t**a_||'house'|||
|Bengali|**টা**কা||'Taka'|||
|Czech|||'this'|||
|Danish|Standard|||'can' (n.)||
|Dutch|||'language'|||
|English|Most speakers|**_t**ick_||'tick'||
|New York||||||
|Finnish|||'beard'|||
|Hebrew|||'image'|||
|Hungarian|||'raft'|||
|Kabardian|||'five'|||
|Khmer|/||'tea'|||
|Korean|/||'bamboo forest'|||
|rowspan="3"|Kurdish|Northern|||'you'|
|Central|||rowspan="2"|'forehead'||
|Southern||||||
|Luxembourgish|||'thin'|||
|Maltese|||'true'|||
|Mapudungun|||'elderly'|||
|Nunggubuyu|**_d**arawa_||'greedy'|||
|Nuosu||||||
|Portuguese|Some dialects|||'thing' (pejorative)||
|Thai|**_t**a_||'eye'|||
|Vietnamese|||'flaw'|||
|West Frisian|||'tooth'|||

## Infobox (ipa)

- **ipa symbol**: t
- **ipa-number**: 103
- **decimal**: 116
- **xsampa**: t
- **kirshenbaum**: t


## Infobox (ipa)

- **ipa symbol**: t̪
- **xsampa**: t_d
Jackie Robinson (basketball, born 1927)

**Robert Jackson Robinson** (April 26, 1927 – February 8, 2022), nicknamed "Jack" or "Jackie", was an American Baptist pastor, theologian and college basketball player. He competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics, winning a gold medal. Robinson was born in Fort Worth, Texas.

Robinson died on February 8, 2022 in Augusta, Georgia at the age of 94.
Mckenna Grace

**Mckenna Grace** (born June 25, 2006) is an American actress and singer. Her best known role were as Jasmine Bernstein in the Disney XD sitcom _Crash & Bernstein_ (2012–2014) and Faith Newman in the soap opera _The Young and the Restless_ (2013–2015). She played Phoebe in the 2021 movie _Ghostbusters: Afterlife_.

### Film

|Year|Title|Role|class="unsortable"|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"||_Suburban Gothic_|Zelda||
|_Goodbye World_|Hannah Palmer||||
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"||_Russell Madness_|Lena||
|_Frankenstein_|Molly||||
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"||_Independence: Resurgence_|Daisy Blackwell||
|_The Angry Birds Movie_|Ella Bird|Voice role|||
|_Mr. Church_|Isabel Brooks||||
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"||_How to Be a Latin Lover_|Arden||
|_Gifted_|Mary Adler|Winner - Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Performance by a Youth – Film Winner - Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Breakthrough Performance Nominated - Critics Choice Award for Best Young Performer Nominated - Online Film and Television Association Award for Best Youth Performance Nominated - Women Film Critics' Circle Award for Best Young Actress (Under 21)|||
|_Amityville: The Awakening_|Juliet Walker||||
|_I, Tonya_|Tonya (8-12 yrs)||||
||_Ready Player One_|Elementary Child|||
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"||_Captain Marvel_|young Carol (13)||
|_Troop Zero_|Christmas Flint||||
|_Annabelle Comes Home_|Judy Warren||||
|style="text-align:center;"||_Scoob!_|young Daphne|Voice role|
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"||_Spirit Untamed_|Abigail Stone|Voice role|
|_Malignant_|young Madison||||
|_Ghostbusters: Afterlife_|Phoebe Spengler|Runner-up - Golden Schmoes Movie Award for Breakthrough Performance of the Year Runner-up - San Diego Film Society Award for Best Youth Performance Nominated - Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Female Youth in Film Nominated - Music Film Critics Society Award for Best Young Actress|||
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"||_Crater_|Addison||
|_PAW Patrol: Mighty Movie_|Skye|Voice role|||
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"||_Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire_|Phoebe Spengler||
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"||_Slanted_|Jo Hunt||
|_Anniversary_|Birdie Taylor||||
|_Spider and Jessie_|Sadie / "Spider"||||
|_Regretting You_|Clara Grant||||
|style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"||_Scream 7_|Hanna||
|_The Hunger Games: Sunrise on the Reaping_|Maysilee Donner||||
Osterville, Massachusetts

**Osterville** is one of seven villages within the town of Barnstable, Massachusetts, United States.

## Other websites

- Osterville Historical Museum
- Armstrong-Kelley Park
- Hillside Cemetery
- Osterville Free Library

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Osterville, Massachusetts
- **settlement type**: Village
- **image skyline**: OysterHarbors.jpg
- **image caption**: View from Oyster Harbors
- **image map**: Barnstable MA zip codes (02655 Osterville highlighted).svg
- **mapsize**: 260px
- **map caption**: Location of ZIP code 02655 Osterville within the Town of Barnstable, county, and state
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: Massachusetts
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in Massachusetts, County
- **subdivision name2**: Barnstable County, Massachusetts, Barnstable
- **subdivision type3**: New England town, Town
- **subdivision name3**: Barnstable, Massachusetts, Barnstable
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 21.47
- **area land km2**: 16.91
- **area water km2**: 4.56
- **population as of**: United States Census, 2020, 2020
- **population total**: 3591
- **population density km2**: 212.4
- **timezone**: North American Eastern Time Zone, Eastern (EST)
- **utc offset**: -5
- **timezone dst**: EDT
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature ID
Eduardo Romero

**Eduardo Alejandro Romero** (17 July 1954 – 13 February 2022) was an Argentine professional golfer and politician. Romero was born in Córdoba, Argentina. He became a professional golfer in 1982. Romero first played on the European Tour in 1985 and was a full member from 1988 to 2005.

In 2005 he won his first senior title at the European Seniors Tour's Travis Perkins Senior Masters, and he won the Wentworth Senior Masters in both 2005 and 2006. He was Mayor of Villa Allende, Argentina between 2015 until his death.

Romero died on 13 February 2022 at his home in Villa Allende from problems caused by cancer at the age of 67.
Maria Carrilho

**Maria Jesuína Carrilho Bernardo** (25 November 1943 – 6 February 2022) was a Portuguese politician. She was a member of the Socialist Party. She was in the Assembly of the Republic from 1995 to 1999 and again from 2005 to 2009. She was also a member of the European Parliament from 1999 to 2004. Carrilho was born in Beja, Portugal.

Carrilho died in Lisbon, Portugal on 6 February 2022 at the age of 78.
Ray Parker Jr.

**Ray Erskine Parker Jr.** (born May 1, 1954) is an American musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer. He is known for writing and performing the theme song to the 1984 movie _Ghostbusters_. He is also known for his 1982 song "The Other Woman".

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Ray Parker Jr.
- **image**: RayParkerJrHWOFMar2013.jpg
- **caption**: Parker in 2013
- **birth name**: Ray Erskine Parker Jr.
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
- **years active**: 1963–present
Chester, Virginia

**Chester** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Chesterfield County, Virginia, United States. The population was 23,414 at the 2020 census.
Francesco Samà

**Francesco Samà** (2 July 1940 – 10 February 2022) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Italian Communist Party. He was in the Chamber of Deputies from 1983 to 1992. Samà was also the Mayor of Melissa from 1964 until 1970. He was born in Melissa.

Samà died in Crotone, Italy on 10 February 2022 at the age of 81.
Melissa, Calabria

**Melissa** (Calabrian: ) is a _comune_ in the province of Crotone, in Calabria.

## Infobox (italian comune)

- **name**: Melissa
- **official name**: Comune di Melissa
- **image skyline**: Torremelissa.jpg
- **image shield**: Melissa_(KR)-Stemma_uff.png
- **shield size**: 100px
- **region**: Calabria
- **province**: Province of Crotone, Crotone (KR)
- **frazioni**: Torre Melissa
- **mayor**: Gino Murgi
- **area total km2**: 51
- **population total**: 3624
- **population as of**: 2011
- **population demonym**: Melissesi
- **elevation m**: 256
- **saint**: Saint Nicholas
- **postal code**: 88817 (88814 Torre Melissa)
- **area code**: 0962
Voiced alveolar plosive

The **voiced alveolar stop** is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is . The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "d" in _dear_ and _desk_.

## Examples

|Language|Word|IPA|Meaning||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Adyghe|/daahė||'pretty'||||
|Assyrian|ܘܪܕܐ|]|'flower'||||
|Bengali|**_ডা**ব_/ḍab||'green coconut'||||
|Catalan|||'said before'||||
|Czech|||'into'||||
|Dutch|||'roof'||||
|English|Most speakers|**_d**ash_||'dash'|||
|Finnish|||'bond'||||
|Greek|||'shame'||||
|Hebrew|/ do'ar||'mail'||||
|Hungarian|||'tax'||||
|Kabardian|/ daahė||'pretty'||||
|Korean|/ _a**d**eul_||'son'||||
|rowspan="3"|Kurdish|Northern|||rowspan="3"|'tooth'|
|Central|/ dadân||||||
|Southern|/dîân||||||
|Luxembourgish|||'brother'||||
|rowspan="3"|Malay|Standard (incl. Malaysian)|rowspan="3"||'branch'||
|Indonesian|||||||
|Kelantan-Pattani|[dahɛː]||||||
|Maltese|||'wit'||||
|Thai|/ dāw||'star'||||
|colspan="2"|Welsh|**d**iafol|[djavɔl]|'devil'|||
|West Frisian|||'village'||||
|Yi|/||'competent'||||
|Yonaguni|/ **_d**unan_||'Yonaguni'||||

## Infobox (ipa)

- **ipa symbol**: d
- **ipa-number**: 104
- **decimal**: 100
- **xsampa**: d
- **kirshenbaum**: d


## Infobox (ipa)

- **ipa symbol**: d̪
- **xsampa**: d_d
Tonka: Rescue Patrol

***Tonka: Rescue Patrol*** is a video game for the Nintendo GameCube released on November 18, 2003 only in North America.

## Related pages

- Tonka Search & Rescue

## Other websites

- Tonka: Rescue Patrol on GameSpot

## Infobox (video game)

- **caption**: Cover art
- **developer**: Lucky Chicken Games
- **publisher**: TDK Mediactive
 Atari
- **genre**: Action game, Action
- **modes**: Single-player
- **platforms**: GameCube
Songs of Experience

***Songs of Experience*** is the 12th album by Irish rock band, U2. It was released on 2017. The photo on the album cover shows Bono's son Eli and The Edge's daughter Sian holding hands. The photo is by Anton Corbijn.

## Track listing

**Notes**
-  – additional production
-  – original production
-  – remix

## Other websites

- _Songs of Experience_ on U2.com

## Infobox (album)

- **name**: Songs of Experience
- **type**: studio
- **artist**: U2
- **recorded**: 2014–2017
- **genre**: Pop rock
- **length**: 51:07
- **prev title**: Innocence + Experience: Live in Paris
- **prev year**: 2016
Financial modelling

The financial model for a start-up is an exercise in creativity and forward-thinking. It’s an opportunity for entrepreneurs to let their imagination run wild, finally voicing their visions on paper. As startups are generally risky investments, the financial model is a tool that helps investors evaluate the venture before committing funds. The main purpose of the startup financial model is to show investors that your company can reach profitability within a reasonable time frame and make them enough money to justify their investment.

## Importance

Financial modeling is an integral part of the startup world. You can use models to predict future growth, understand the impact of certain decisions, and help raise funding. It's also a great tool to see how sensitive your business is to certain assumptions. You can change certain inputs to see how they affect your bottom line or different stages in your model. Models are also good tools for learning about new industries and understanding valuations (if you're looking at acquiring another business).

## Types

Financial models are mathematical representations of a financial situation. They can range from simple to complex, depending on the purpose and users of the model. Different model types are appropriate for different purposes, such as long-term strategic planning or annual budgeting.

A company may use several different types of models at the same time. For example, a company may have a long-term strategic plan that it uses to inform its capital investment decisions, but it will also create an annual budget model to plan out how much cash it expects to spend and earn over the course of the year.

## Examples

- 3 Statement Model
- DCF Model
- Industry-Specific Model

## Financial modeling for startups

Financial modelling for startups is the creation of a financial representation of a startup business. It's used to forecast future cash flows and profitability.

Financial modelling is often used to assess a company's current financial health, its valuation and its potential for future growth. Financial modeling for startups is often used to prepare a document known as a pitch deck. This document is presented to investors and contains information such as: the company's business model, its target market, how it will make money, founders' backgrounds and its revenue projections.

A financial model is not complete without a full set of business assumptions that make up the model. These assumptions are typically broken down by revenue, cost of goods sold (COGS), operating expenses, depreciation and amortization (D&A) and capital expenditures (CAPEX). The process of building a startup financial model is usually referred to as financial modeling.
The Heavenly Play

***The Heavenly Play*** () is a 1942 Swedish drama movie directed by Alf Sjöberg and starring Rune Lindström, Eivor Lindström, Anders Henrikson, Holger Löwenadler, Gudrun Brost, Arnold Sjöstrand, Emil Fjellström, Hugo Björne.
Beyond Rangoon

***Beyond Rangoon*** is a 1995 American British Burmese adventure drama movie directed by John Boorman and starring Patricia Arquette, Frances McDormand, Jit Murad, Adelle Lutz, Johnny Cheah, Victor Slezak, Spalding Gray, Hani Mohsin. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.
Bokermannohyla nanuzae

The **Jaboticatubas tree frog** (_Bokermannohyla nanuzae_) is a frog that lives in Brazil.  It lives in the Serra do Espinhaço and Serra da Mantiqueira.
Maithils

**Maithils** (Tirhuta: মৈথিল, Devanagari: मैथिल), also known as **Maithili people**, are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group from the Indian subcontinent. They speak the Maithili language as their native language.

## Notable people

- Sita – wife of the Hindu figure Ram
- Narendra Jha – Bollywood actor
- Sriti Jha – Bollywood actor
- Udit Narayan – Bollywood playback singer
- Bimalendra Nidhi – former Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal
- Ram Baran Yadav – former President of Nepal

## References

**Notes**

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Maithil
 मैथिल
 মৈথিল
- **population**: ****
- **region1**: India
- **pop1**: 40 million (2001 Census of India, 2001 Census)
- **region2**: Nepal
- **pop2**: 3.1 million (2011 Census)
- **rels**: **Majority:**
 Hinduism
**Minority:**
Islam BuddhismOthers
- **langs**: Maithili language, Maithili
Hindi and Nepali language, Nepali
- **related-c**: Magahi peopleBhojpuri people, BhojpurisAwadhi people, Awadhis
Triprion petasatus

The **Yucatán shovel-headed tree frog**, **Yucatan casque-headed tree frog**, or **Yucatan casquehead tree frog** (_Triprion petasatus_) is a frog that lives in Mexico and Guatemala.  Scientists also saw it just once in Honduras.

## Name

This frog's Latin _petasatus_ means "with a hat on." The Latin and English names come from the frog's big head, which looks like a hat or helmet.

## Appearance

The adult male frog is 48.1 to 60.8 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 65.0 to 75.2 mm long.  It is named after its large, bony head, which looks like a hat or helmet. The adult male frog is olive green.  The adult female frog is light brown or green-brown.  There are dark brown or black marks on the back and legs.  Some frogs have silver marks on their backs and head.  The frogs have yellow color on their sides or red brown on their back legs.  The belly is white and tan.

## Actions

This frog lays eggs when the weather is rainy.  The male frog climbs to a branch about 2.5 meters over the ground and sings for the female. The male and female mate in trees or other high places.  The female lays eggs in shallow water.  When the weather is dry or the sun is hot, this frog goes to a hole in a tree.  It puts its body inside and its head against the hole.

## Threats

This frog is not in danger of dying out.  This is because human beings change the places where the frog lives.  Human beings cut down the forests for wood, farms, towns, and places for animals to eat grass.

## Relationship to humans

Human beings catch and breed this frog to sell as pets.
Quendorf

**Quendorf** is a rural community belonging to the Joint Community of Schüttorf in southwestern Lower Saxony. The community is made up of several settlements and scattered farms. In 1971, Quendorf joined the town of Schüttorf along with the communities of Drievorden (combined with Engden since 1974), Engden, Neerlage (combined with Isterberg since 1974), Ohne, Samern, Suddendorf and Wengsel (amalgamated with Isterberg since 1974) into the Joint Community of Schüttorf.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image plan**: Quendorf in NOH.svg
- **state**: Niedersachsen
- **district**: Grafschaft Bentheim
- **samtgemeinde**: Schüttorf
- **elevation**: 31
- **area**: 14.15
- **postal code**: 48465
- **area code**: 05922, 05923
- **licence**: NOH
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 4 56 018
- **mayor**: Hermann Rademaker
Ringe, Germany

**Ringe** is a community in the County of Bentheim in Lower Saxony, Germany.

## Emlichheim

Ringe has about 2,000 residents and belongs to the Joint Community (_Samtgemeinde_) of Emlichheim. The community has the three centres of Großringe, Kleinringe and Neugnadenfeld. After the war, homeless refugees found housing here, converting the camp into a new settlement, called Neugnadenfeld, now one of Ringe's three centres (_Ortsteile_).

## Geography

Through the community of Ringe flows the river Vechte, which downstream, at Laar, crosses the border into the Netherlands.

## Other websites

- Joint Community’s website

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Ringe
- **image plan**: Ringe in NOH.svg
- **image skyline**: Buddenberg.jpg
- **image caption**: Buildings of "Altes Landhaus Buddenberg"
- **state**: Niedersachsen
- **district**: Grafschaft Bentheim
- **samtgemeinde**: Emlichheim
- **elevation**: 15
- **area**: 35.32
- **postal code**: 49824
- **area code**: 05944/ 05943
- **licence**: NOH
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 4 56 019
- **divisions**: 3 Ortsteile
- **mayor**: Jan Wilhelm Pol
- **party**: CDU
Samern

**Samern** is a community in the County of Bentheim in Lower Saxony, Germany.

### Place

Samern is between Nordhorn and Steinfurt on the boundary with North Rhine-Westphalia. The community belongs to the Joint Community (_Samtgemeinde_) of Schüttorf whose administrative seat is in the like-named town.

## Other websites

- Samern
- Joint Community’s website

## Infobox (german location)

- **image plan**: Samern in NOH.svg
- **state**: Niedersachsen
- **district**: Grafschaft Bentheim
- **samtgemeinde**: Schüttorf
- **elevation**: 36
- **area**: 25.99
- **postal code**: 48465
- **area code**: 0 59 23
- **licence**: NOH
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 4 56 020
- **mayor**: Gerhard Schepers
Uelsen

**Uelsen** () is a community in the County of Bentheim in Lower Saxony.

## Geography

The community of Uelsen is in westernmost Lower Saxony, on the border with the Kingdom of the Netherlands, roughly 30 km north of Enschede and 15 km northwest of Nordhorn.

## Further reading

- (English-French-Dutch-German)
- Herbert Wagner: Die Gestapo war nicht allein... Politische Sozialkontrolle und Staatsterror im deutsch-niederländischen Grenzgebiet 1929 - 1945. LIT Verlag. Münster 2004 (contains among other things Uelsen in National Socialist times, persecution of the church, Oostergetelo).

## Other websites

- Joint Community’s webpage
- Unofficial webpage about Uelsen and environs

## Infobox (german location)

- **image flag**: Flagge Uelsen.svg
- **image coa**: Wappen Uelsen.png
- **image plan**: Uelsen in NOH.svg
- **state**: Niedersachsen
- **district**: Grafschaft Bentheim
- **samtgemeinde**: Uelsen
- **elevation**: 45
- **area**: 19.46
- **postal code**: 49843
- **area code**: 0 59 42
- **licence**: NOH
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 4 56 023
- **divisions**: 5 Ortsteile
- **website**: [http://www.uelsen.de/ www.uelsen.de]
- **mayor**: Bernd Wever
- **party**: SPD
Wielen

**Wielen** is a small village in the County of Bentheim in Lower Saxony, Germany, and belongs to the Joint Community (_Samtgemeinde_) of Uelsen.

## Constituent communities

Along with the namesake _Ortsteil_, there are outlying centres named Balderhaar, Striepe and Vennebrügge.

## Other websites

- Wielen
- Joint Community’s webpage

## Infobox (german location)

- **image plan**: Wielen in NOH.svg
- **state**: Niedersachsen
- **district**: Grafschaft Bentheim
- **samtgemeinde**: Uelsen
- **elevation**: 20
- **area**: 23.06
- **postal code**: 49847
- **area code**: 0 59 48
- **licence**: NOH
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 4 56 024
- **divisions**: 4 Ortsteile
- **website**: [https://www.uelsen.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=114&topmenu=6 www.uelsen.de]
- **mayor**: Gerold Stroeve
Wietmarschen

**Wietmarschen** is a unitary community (_Einheitsgemeinde_) in the County of Bentheim in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is split into the villages of Wietmarschen, Füchtenfeld, Schwartenpohl, Lohnerbruch, Nordlohne and Lohne with Lohne being the biggest and having the town hall while Wietmarschen, which is the second biggest, having the name.

## Geography

Wietmarschen is about  west of Lingen, and  northeast of Nordhorn. The community's highest elevation is the Rupingberg in Lohne at  above sea level.  There are plans to construct a viewing tower on it.

### Constituent communities

The community is divided into six districts named Wietmarschen, Füchtenfeld, Schwartenpohl, Lohnerbruch, Nordlohne and Lohne.

### Partnership

Mortagne-au-Perche, France became a partner community of Wietmarschen on 2 July 1989.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image flag**: Flagge Wietmarschen.svg
- **image coa**: Wappen Wietmarschen.png
- **image plan**: Wietmarschen in NOH.svg
- **state**: Niedersachsen
- **district**: Grafschaft Bentheim
- **elevation**: 21
- **area**: 119.83
- **postal code**: 49835
- **area code**: 05908, 05925, 05946
- **licence**: NOH
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 4 56 025
- **divisions**: 6 Ortsteile
- **website**: [https://www.wietmarschen.de/ www.wietmarschen.de]
- **mayor**: Manfred Wellen
- **leader term**: 2021–26
- **party**: CDU
Highly abundant number

**Highly abundant numbers** are a type of natural number. Any natural number _n_ is called highly abundant when a certain equation is true.

In this equation, _m_ is every integer less than _n_. _σ_ is the sum of every positive divisor of that number.

## Example

An example would be to use the number 5. _σ_ of 5 is 5 + 1 = 6. Every _σ_ less than 5, however, is 4 + 2 + 1 = 7. 7 is greater than 6. This makes 5 not a highly abundant number.

## History

Highly abundant numbers were first learned about by Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai in 1943. Work on the subject was done by Paul Erdős and Leonidas Alaoglu in 1944. Alaoglu and Erdős discovered every highly abundant number up to 10<sup>4</sup>. They also showed that the number of highly abundant numbers less than _N_ is proportional to log<sup>2</sup> _N_.

The first few highly abundant numbers are

- 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 60, ... .

There are only two odd highly abundant numbers. They are 1 and 3.

## Similarities with other numbers

The first eight factorials are highly abundant. However, not all factorials are highly abundant. For example,

- σ(9!) = σ(362880) = 1481040,

but there is a smaller number with larger sum of divisors,

- σ(360360) = 1572480.

This makes 9! is not highly abundant.

Alaoglu and Erdős discovered that all superabundant numbers are also highly abundant. There are, however, an infinite number of highly abundant numbers that are not superabundant numbers. This was proven by Jean-Louis Nicolas in 1969.

7200 is the largest powerful number that is also highly abundant. This is because every highly abundant number that is larger has a prime factor that divides them only once.
Yasser Seirawan

**Yasser Seirawan** (; born March 24, 1960) is an American chess grandmaster. He has been the United States champion four times.  Seirawan won the World Junior Chess Championship in 1979. He has also written books about chess.

## Infobox (chess player)

- **name**: Yasser Seirawan
- **image**: Seirawan0301 137.jpg
- **caption**: Seirawan at the 2003 United States Chess Championship
- **country**: United States
- **birth place**: Damascus, Syria
- **title**: Grandmaster (chess), Grandmaster (1980)
- **peakrating**: 2658 (November 2011)
- **fideid**: 2000032
1997 Algarve Cup

The **1997 Algarve Cup** was the fourth edition of the Algarve Cup, an invitational women's association football tournament. It took place between 10  and 16 March 1997 in Portugal with Norway winning the event for the third time in its history, defeating the PR China, 1-0 in the final-game. Sweden ended up third defeating Denmark, 6-5 following a penalty shootout, in the third prize-game.

## Infobox (international football competition)

- **country**: Portugal
- **num teams**: 8
- **confederations**: 2
- **venues**: 9
- **count**: 3
- **matches**: 16
- **goals**: 41
- **player**: Marianne Pettersen
- **prevseason**: 1996 Algarve Cup, 1996
- **nextseason**: 1998 Algarve Cup, 1998
Horrabridge

**Horrabridge** is a village in West Devon, England. In 2011, there were 3,115 people living in Horrabridge. It is about  north of the city of Plymouth and  south of Tavistock and is in the Dartmoor National Park.

The main river in Horrabridge is the River Walkham, which is famous for its salmon.

The village is named after a 15th century horse bridge.

## Infobox (uk place)

- **country**: England
- **official name**: Horrabridge
- **population**: 3,115
- **population ref**: ''(2011)
- **region**: South West England
- **shire county**: Devon
- **constituency westminster**: Torridge and West Devon (UK Parliament constituency), Torridge and West Devon
- **post town**: Yelverton
- **postcode area**: PL
- **postcode district**: PL20
- **static image name**: Bridge over the River Walkham at Horrabridge - geograph.org.uk - 87102.jpg
- **static image caption**: The packhorse bridge over the River Walkham
Gundala (1981 movie)

***Gundala*** or _Gundala Putra Petir/Gundala, Son of the Lightning_, _Black Lightning_ in Philippines, is a 1981 Indonesian science fiction action fantasy superhero movie directed by Liliek Sudjio, the character is based on the comic character of the same name. the film will be a remake in early 2019.

## Plot

Sancoko by creating an anti-lightning serum causes to his body by a resistant to by his god of Lightning turns him into Gundala.

## Cast

- Teddy Purba as Sancoko/Gundala
- WD Mochtar as Ghazul
- Ami Prijono as Professor Saelan
- Anna Tairas as Minarti
- August Melasz as Agus
- Pitrajaya Burnama as God of Lightning

## Infobox (film)

- **name**: Gundala (Gundala Putra Petir)
- **director**: Liliek Sudjio
- **producer**: Rachmat Budiman
Purbonegoro. T.
Janto Tanujaya
- **writer**: Hasmi (characters)
Sofyan Sharna
Gordon Subandono
- **starring**: Teddy Purba
WD Mochtar
Ami Prijono
Farida Pasha
Pitrajaya Burnama
- **music**: Gatot Sudarto
- **cinematography**: Asmawi
- **editing**: Liliek Sudjio
Djuki Paimin
- **studio**: PPFN
AGI Studio
- **distributor**: PT Cancer Mas Film
- **runtime**: 92 minutes
- **country**: Indonesia
- **language**: Indonesian language, Indonesian
English
Wilsum, Germany

**Wilsum** is a community in the County of Bentheim in Lower Saxony, Germany near the Dutch border, and it belongs to the Joint Community (_Samtgemeinde_) of Uelsen.

## Infobox (german location)

- **name**: Wilsum
- **image coa**: Wappen Wilsum.svg
- **image plan**: Wilsum in NOH.svg
- **state**: Niedersachsen
- **district**: Grafschaft Bentheim
- **samtgemeinde**: Uelsen
- **elevation**: 42
- **area**: 47.13
- **postal code**: 49849
- **area code**: 0 59 45
- **licence**: NOH
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 4 56 026
- **website**: [http://www.wilsum.de www.wilsum.de]
- **mayor**: Heinrich Mardink
- **party**: CDU
Uelsen (Samtgemeinde)

**Uelsen** is a _Samtgemeinde_ ("collective municipality") in Bentheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the municipality Uelsen.

The _Samtgemeinde_ Uelsen has the following municipalities:

1. Getelo
1. Gölenkamp
1. Halle
1. Itterbeck
1. Uelsen
1. Wielen
1. Wilsum
Neuenhaus (Samtgemeinde)

**Neuenhaus** is a _Samtgemeinde_ ("collective municipality") in Bentheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the municipality Neuenhaus.

The _Samtgemeinde_ Neuenhaus has the following municipalities:

1. Esche
1. Georgsdorf
1. Lage
1. Neuenhaus
1. Osterwald
Schüttorf (Samtgemeinde)

**Schüttorf** is a _Samtgemeinde_ ("collective municipality") in the County of Bentheim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat is in the municipality Schüttorf.

## Municipalities

- Engden
- Isterberg
- Ohne
- Quendorf
- Samern
- Schüttorf
Adelheidsdorf

**Adelheidsdorf** is a municipality in Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

Named for the then-Queen consort Adelaide of Hanover, Great Britain, and Ireland, Adelheidsdorf was established in 1831 following the drainage of portions of the nearby Wietzenbruch marshes.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: Wappen Adelheidsdorf.png
- **image plan**: Adelheidsdorf_in_CE.svg
- **state**: Niedersachsen
- **district**: Celle
- **samtgemeinde**: Wathlingen
- **elevation**: 41
- **area**: 33.24
- **postal code**: 29352
- **area code**: 05085, 05141
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03351001
- **licence**: CE
- **divisions**: 3 Ortsteile
- **website**: [https://www.wathlingen.de/ www.wathlingen.de]
- **mayor**: Heike Behrens
- **party**: CDU
- **bürgermeistertitel**: Bürgermeisterin
Ahnsbeck

**Ahnsbeck** is a municipality in Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is at the southern border of the Lüneburg Heath, 10 km eastern of the city of Celle. It is part of the collective municipality of Lachendorf.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: Wappen Ahnsbeck.png
- **image plan**: Ahnsbeck in CE.svg
- **state**: Niedersachsen
- **district**: Celle
- **samtgemeinde**: Lachendorf
- **elevation**: 54
- **area**: 20.59
- **postal code**: 29353
- **area code**: 05145
- **licence**: CE
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 3 51 002
- **website**: [http://www.lachendorf.de/ www.lachendorf.de]
- **mayor**: Ulrich Kaiser
Beedenbostel

**Beedenbostel** is a municipality in Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

## Infobox (german location)

- **image coa**: DEU_Beedenbostel_COA.svg
- **image plan**: Beedenbostel in CE.svg
- **state**: Niedersachsen
- **district**: Celle
- **samtgemeinde**: Lachendorf
- **elevation**: 54
- **area**: 7.82
- **postal code**: 29355
- **area code**: 05145
- **licence**: CE
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 3 51 003
- **website**: [http://www.beedenbostel.de www.beedenbostel.de]
- **mayor**: Ulrich Lange
- **party**: CDU
Bergen, Lower Saxony

**Bergen** is a town in the north of Celle on the Lüneburg Heath, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Administratively it acts as a municipal borough divided into 12 subordinate parishes based on the town and its surrounding villages: Becklingen, Belsen, Bergen, Bleckmar, Diesten, Dohnsen, Eversen, Hagen, Hassel, Offen, Sülze and Wardböhmen.

## Geography

Bergen is in the north of Celle on the Lüneburg Heath, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The Bundesstraße 3 (B3) passed through the municipal territory from north to south.

## Town twinning

Bergen maintains partnerships with the towns of:
Pembroke & Pembroke Dock in Wales
Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht in the Netherlands
Śrem in Poland

It also partners with the home county (_Heimatkreis_) of:
Szubin (1941–1945 Altburgund) in Poland adopted the town of Bergen in 1956. There often used to be more than 1,000 participants at the annual meeting of the previous home county of Altburgund-Schubin.

In addition the town of Bergen has friendly relations with the following:
Rožnov pod Radhoštěm in the Czech Republic
Ottendorf-Okrilla in the county of Bautzen in Saxony
Pembroke (Malta) in Malta

## Other websites

- The official website for Bergen

## Infobox (german location)

- **type**: Stadt
- **name**: Bergen
- **image coa**: Wappen Bergen (Celle).png
- **image plan**: Bergen in CE.svg
- **state**: Lower Saxony
- **district**: Celle
- **elevation**: 77
- **area**: 163.77
- **postal code**: 29303
- **area code**: 05051
- **licence**: CE
- **gemeindeschlüssel**: 03 3 51 004
- **divisions**: 13 districts
- **website**: [https://www.bergen-online.de/ www.bergen-online.de]
- **mayor**: Claudia Dettmar-Müller
- **leader term**: 2019–24
- **image photo**: Bergen St Lambert 4.jpg
- **image caption**: St. Lambert's Church
Primitive abundant number

In math, a **primitive abundant number** is a special kind of abundant number. Its proper divisors, however, must all be deficient numbers (numbers whose sum of proper divisors are less than 2 times that number).

## Example

For example, 20 is a primitive abundant number because:

1. 20 is an abundant number. This is because the sum of its divisors is 1 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 10 + 20 > 40. This makes 20 an abundant number.
1. The sums of the proper divisors of 1, 2, 4, 5 and 10 are 0, 1, 3, 1 and 8. All of these numbers are a deficient number. This makes 20 a primitive abundant number.

The first few primitive abundant numbers are 20, 70, 88, 104, 272, 304, 368, 464, 550, 572 ...

The smallest odd primitive abundant number is 945.

Another definition of a primitive abundant number would be abundant numbers having no abundant proper divisors, which could also include perfect-numbered divisors (i.e. multiples of 6, 28, 496, 8128, etc...)

The first few primitive abundant numbers which include perfect numbered divisors are 12, 18, 20, 30, 42, 56, 66, 70, 78, 88, 102, 104, 114... (sequence A091191 in the OEIS)

## Properties

Every multiple of a primitive abundant number is abundant .

Every abundant number is a multiple of either a primitive abundant number or a multiple of a perfect number.

Every primitive abundant number is either a primitive semiperfect number or a weird number.

There is an infinite amount of primitive abundant numbers.
Polynesian mythology

The **Polynesian narrative** or **Polynesian mythology** are the oral traditions of the Polynesian people.

## Related pages

- Austronesian peoples

## References

- Beckwith, Martha, _Hawaiian Mythology_, Yale University Press, 1940, as re-issued in 1970, University of Hawaii Press
- , first published in English in 1898, available as Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 2, Second Edition, 1951, reprinted 1971.
Borislav Ivkov

**Borislav Ivkov** (November 12, 1933 – February 14, 2022) was a Serbian chess Grandmaster. He was a World championship candidate in 1965. He played in four more Interzonal tournaments, in 1967, 1970, 1973, and 1979. Ivkov was born in Belgrade, then-Yugoslavia. He was a three-time Yugoslav Champion (1958, 1963, 1972) and was the first World Junior Champion in 1951.

Ivkov died on February 14, 2022 at the age of 88.
Berit Berthelsen

**Berit Berthelsen** ( **Tøien**, 25 April 1944 – 13 February 2022) was a Norwegian athlete. She represented IL Tyrving. He also was part of the national team. She was known for participating in long jump and sprints events. She finished seventh at the 1964 Summer Olympics and ninth at the 1968 Summer Olympics. She won a bronze medal at the 1969 European Athletics Championships.

Berthelsen died on 13 February 2022, at the age of 77.
Almost perfect number

In math, an **almost perfect number** (also called **slightly defective** or **least deficient** **number**) is a type of natural number _n_. The sum of _n_<nowiki/>'s divisors must be equal to 2_n_ − 1. Every known almost perfect number is a power of 2 and has non-negative exponents .

## Examples

For example, the divisors of 32 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32. The sum of those is 63. 32 ⋅ 2 - 1 is 63. This makes 32 an almost perfect number.

## Odd numbers

The only known odd almost perfect number 1. An odd almost perfect number that is not 1 is possible. It would, however, have to have six prime factors.
Daniel Passent

**Daniel Passent** (28 April 1938 – 14 February 2022) was a Polish journalist, politician and writer. He was the author of the _En passant_ blog, which was appearing as a column in a Polish weekly _Polityka_. Passent was born in modern-day Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine. Passent was the Ambassador of Chile from 1997 until 2002.

Passent died on 14 February 2022, at the age of 83.
Željko Mijač

**Željko Mijač** (13 January 1954 – 14 February 2022) was a Croatian football manager and player.

During his playing career he played with HNK Hajduk Split (1974–76; 43/10) and NK Rijeka (1976–81; 72/7) in the Yugoslav First League. He ended his career playing in Italy in 1987.

Mijač was the coach of Standard de Liège during 1999. He then worked as assistant coach of Bahrain national team, Hajduk Split, Persepolis and Rah Ahan.

Mijač died on 14 February 2022, at the age of 68.

## Infobox (football biography)

- **name**: Željko Mijač
- **image**: Željko Mijač.jpg
- **fullname**: Željko Mijač
- **birth place**: Split (city), Split, People's Republic of Croatia, PR Croatia, Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, FPR Yugoslavia
- **position**: Midfielder
- **years1**: 1972–1973
- **years2**: 1974–1976
- **years3**: 1976–1981
- **years4**: 1981–1982
- **years5**: 1982–1983
- **years6**: 1983–1986
- **years7**: 1986–1987
- **clubs1**: NK Rijeka, Rijeka
- **clubs2**: HNK Hajduk Split, Hajduk Split
- **clubs3**: NK Rijeka, Rijeka
- **clubs4**: Sporting Toulon Var, Toulon
- **clubs5**: AC Arles-Avignon, Avignon
- **clubs6**: FC Istres, Istres
- **clubs7**: A.S.D. Castel di Sangro Calcio, Castel di Sangro
- **goals1**: 8
- **caps2**: 43
- **caps3**: 72
- **goals2**: 10
- **goals3**: 7
- **manageryears1**: 1995–1999
- **manageryears2**: 1999
- **manageryears3**: 2005–2007
- **manageryears4**: 2010
- **manageryears5**: 2010–2011
- **manageryears6**: 2011–2013
- **manageryears7**: 2015–2016
- **manageryears8**: 2016–2017
- **manageryears9**: 2017–2019
- **managerclubs1**: Standard de Liège (Assistant)
- **managerclubs2**: Standard de Liège
- **managerclubs3**: Bahrain national football team, Bahrain (Assistant)
- **managerclubs4**: HNK Hajduk Split, Hajduk Split (Assistant)
- **managerclubs5**: Persepolis F.C., Persepolis (Assistant)
- **managerclubs6**: Rah Ahan F.C., Rah Ahan (Assistant)
- **managerclubs7**: Saba Qom F.C., Saba Qom (Assistant)
- **managerclubs8**: Naft Tehran F.C., Naft Tehran (Assistant)
- **managerclubs9**: Saipa F.C., Saipa (Assistant)
Aled Roberts

**Aled Roberts** (17 May 1962 – 13 February 2022) was a Welsh politician. He was born in Rhosllannerchrugog, Wrexham. He was an elected member of the National Assembly for Wales from 2011 until 2016. He was a member of the Welsh Liberal Democrats party.

On 1 April 2019 he was appointed Welsh Language Commissioner by the Welsh Government.

Roberts died on 13 February 2022, at the age of 59.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Aled Roberts
- **office**: Welsh Language Commissioner
- **image**: Aled Roberts (6324905377).jpg
- **termstart**: 1 April 2019
- **predecessor**: Meri Huws
- **termend**: 13 February 2022
- **constituency am2**: North Wales (National Assembly for Wales electoral region), North Wales
- **assembly2**: Welsh
- **termstart2**: 2011
- **termend2**: 2016
- **office3**: Leader of Wrexham County Borough, Wrexham Council
- **termstart3**: 2004
- **termend3**: 2011
- **party**: Welsh Liberal Democrats
- **alma mater**: Aberystwyth University
- **birth place**: Rhosllanerchrugog, Wales
Rhosllanerchrugog

**Rhosllanerchrugog** (also spelled **Rhosllannerchrugog**, ), is a large village and community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales. It lies within the historic county of Denbighshire. It  had a population of 25,362.
Nolan Williams (politician)

**Roy Nolan Williams Jr.** (August 15, 1941 – February 12, 2022) was an American politician. Williams was born in Dale County, Alabama. He taught school in Virginia and in Florida. He was a member of the Alabama House of Representatives from 1975 until 1995.

Williams died on February 12, 2022 in Newton, Alabama at the age of 80.
Ted Mappus

**Theodore Tobias Mappus Jr.** (July 20, 1926 – February 11, 2022) was an American politician. Mappus was born in Charleston, South Carolina. He was in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1987 to 1991 and was a Republican.

Mappus died on February 11, 2022 in Charleston at the age of 95.
Tom McCormick (politician)

**Thomas Ferguson McCormick** (January 2, 1926 – February 10, 2022) was an American politician. McCormick was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was elected to the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 2002 as a Republican, and lost his re-election bid in 2004.

McCormick died on February 10, 2022, at the age of 96 at his home in New London, New Hampshire.