juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Tenor

A **tenor** is a man with a high singing voice. When writing four-part choir music the tenor line will be the third line down, between alto and bass. It is usually written in the treble clef, but will sound an octave lower than written.  Sometimes, it is written in the "C-clef", which is also called a tenor clef.

In opera the role of the young male is usually sung by a tenor.  Depending on characteristics such as: volume, color and style, the tenor voice is classified in following groups:

- The light tenor. This is also called tenor leggero. An example is Peter Pears, who sang the tenor solos in Benjamin Britten’s operas.
- The lyric tenor. The lyric tenor is a tenor with a well timbered voice, such as "The Three Tenors" (Luciano Pavarotti, Jose Carreras and Plácido Domingo).
- The spinto tenor. They have special abilities in the high tones, such as Franco Corelli and Enrico Caruso.
- The dramatic tenor. They have a high volume and a dark voice. An example is Mario Del Monaco.

A “Heldentenor” (German for “hero tenor”) is someone with a big tenor voice. This is suitable for heroic parts like the heroes in most of Wagner's operas. Lauritz Melchior, Max Lorenz and Jonas Kaufmann are famous heroic tenors.

The Mozart tenor with characteristics including all of the previous mentioned must be able to perform within the strict borders which are laid out by the Mozart style. Anton Dermota, Fritz Wunderlich and Francisco Araiza are the three leading people as Mozart tenor.

In barbershop singing, the tenor part is a harmony part sung predominantly higher than the melody.
Bass (sound)

- _This article is about the musical term.  For other uses, see Bass._
**Bass** is a low or deep tone (low end frequency) in music. Low or deep tones are also called "low-pitched" tones, because the pitch is low. It is usually made by a bass guitar or an acoustic bass (a double bass). It can also be a deep, rumbling electronic sound made by a synthesizer, a deep singing voice, a baritone sax, or a deep bass drum. Bass gives the well-rounded depth to music.  Bass almost always is used with treble sounds made by instruments such as a guitar, piano, a high singing voice, trumpet, or harmonica.
Baritone

A **baritone** is a man with a voice range between that of a tenor (high male voice) and bass (low male voice), typically ranging from the second F below middle C to the F above middle C. It is the most common male voice type.

Famous baritone roles in opera include: Papageno in Mozart's _The Magic Flute_ and Figaro in Rossini's _The Barber of Seville_.

Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau is often thought of as the greatest baritone of the later 20th century. He was famous as a Lieder singer as well as on the concert stage and in opera.

Some musical instruments are also called "baritone" because they create similar frequencies to a baritone singer.

he:קולות (מוזיקה)#בריטון
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

***Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix*** is the fifth book in the _Harry Potter_ series by J.K. Rowling. The book was released on 21 June 2003. It is about Harry’s fifth year at Hogwarts school of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Lord Voldemort has come back. Except for Albus Dumbledore, most people do not believe him. A movie based on the book was released in 2007.

## Plot

Harry Potter, James and Lily Potter's only son, tries to make everyone else realise that Lord Voldemort has come back. Dumbledore, the Order, and Harry's friends are the only people that believe that he has returned. At the end of the book, Harry, Ron Weasley, Arthur and Molly Weasley's youngest son, Hermione Granger, and some of their friends go to the Ministry of Magic (the headquarters of the people who lead the magical world) because Harry thinks his godfather Sirius Black is in danger. It turns out it was a trick using mind magic, and his godfather, is murdered by Bellatrix Lestrange. They are attacked by some of their enemies. At the end, Voldemort comes, but Dumbledore saves Harry from him, and all the other wizards see Voldemort and know Harry is telling the truth. Harry is then returned to Hogwarts where Dumbledore tells him everything that he needs to know about the prophecy and why Voldemort tried to murder him when he was a child.

## Other websites

- Extended plot wikibook
Pleiades

The **Pleiades** (also known as **M45** or the **Seven Sisters**) are a group of stars in the night sky. You can see them in the constellation Taurus, the bull. Charles Messier gave it the name M45. They are named after the Pleiades in Greek mythology. The brightest star in the Pleiades is the giant star Alcyone.

This an open star cluster of middle-aged hot B-type stars in the constellation of Taurus. It is one of the nearest star clusters to Earth, and is the cluster most obvious to the naked eye in the night sky. The cluster is dominated by hot blue and extremely luminous stars that have formed within the last 100 million years.
Nicomachus of Gerasa

**Nicomachus** (c. 60-c. 120, born in Gerasa, Roman Syria, now Jerash, Jordan). He was one of the most important mathematicians of the ancient world.

He was strongly influenced by Aristotle and is best known for his works _Introduction to Arithmetic_ (Arithmetike eisagoge) and _The Manual of Harmonics_ in Greek. He was a Pythagorean. In _Introduction to Arithmetic_, Nicomachus writes extensively on number, especially on the significance of prime numbers and perfect numbers and argues that arithmetic is the starting point that makes it possible to do the other mathematical sciences: geometry, music, and astronomy.
Deimos (moon)

**Deimos** (or **Mars II**) is the smaller moon of Mars. Its name comes from the Greek word for terror. Its orbital period is 30.3 hours, which is 1.263 days.

Deimos is only 15 kilometers in diameter. It is covered with craters, as Earth's moon and other bodies without an atmosphere are.

## Discovery and naming

Deimos was discovered by Asaph Hall at the United States Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C. on 12 August 1877.

It is named after the god Deimos in Greek mythology, who was one of Mars' sons, and means Panic.

## Physical characteristics

Deimos is not spherical with triaxial dimensions of 15 × 12.2 × 11 km. Deimos is made up of rock rich in carbonaceous material. It is has lots of craters. Escape velocity from Deimos is 5.6 m/s. The apparent magnitude of Deimos is 12.45.

## Exploration

The Soviet Phobos program sent two probes to Phobos. In case _Phobos 1_ succeeded, _Phobos 2_ could have been sent to Deimos. Both probes launched successfully in July 1988.

In 1997 and 1998, the proposed _Aladdin_ mission was selected. The plan was to visit both Phobos and Deimos, and launch projectiles at the satellites. The probe would collect the dust kicked into space as it made a slow flyby. These samples would be returned to Earth for study three years later.

Also, the sample-return mission called _Gulliver_ to Deimos, in bringing 1 kilogram (2.2 pounds) of material from Deimos to Earth.

Another concept of sample-return mission from Phobos and Deimos is _OSIRIS-REx 2_, which would use heritage from the first _OSIRIS-REx_.

In March 2014, a mission was proposed to place an orbiter on Mars orbit by 2021 and study Phobos and Deimos. It is called _Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment_ (PADME).

## Infobox (planet)

- **name**: Deimos
- **symbol**:  (rare)
- **mpc name**: Mars II
- **image**: NASA-Deimos-MarsMoon-20090221.jpg
- **caption**: Deimos, captured by the _Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter_ in false color
- **bgcolour**: #ffc0c0
- **pronounced**: to  or as Greek Δεῖμος (approximated )
- **adjectives**: Deimian
- **named after**: Deimos (deity), Δεῖμος
- **discoverer**: Asaph Hall
- **discovered**: 12 August 1877
- **epoch**: 23 September 2012 (Julian day, JD 2456191.5)
- **semimajor**: (6.92 Mars radii)
- **period**:
(30.312 Hour, h)
- **inclination**: 0.93° (to Mars's equator)
1.791° (to the local Laplace plane)
27.58° (to the ecliptic)
- **satellite of**: Mars
- **dimensions**:  km
(±  km)
- **surface grav**:
(306 micro-, μ G-force, _g_)
- **escape velocity**:
(20 km/h)
- **rotation**: Synchronous rotation, Synchronous
- **magnitude**: 12.89
- **single temperature**: ≈ 233 kelvin, K
Phobos (moon)

**Phobos** (or **Mars I**) is one of Mars' moons. The other is Deimos.

Phobos is the larger of the two moons, and is only 27 kilometers in diameter. This is about as far as a car can travel on the highway in 15 minutes. It is covered with craters, as Earth's moon is.

It is named after the god Phobos in Greek mythology. Its name means "fear".

Phobos is trapped in tidal drag, with its orbit lowering roughly 1.8 meters per century. In about 50 million years, Phobos will reach the Roche limit, where it is likely to be torn apart. Some fragments will fall on Mars and some will form a planetary ring or rings around Mars.

The other moon, Deimos, is the smaller of the two.

## Spacecraft

The Soviet Union sent at least two space craft to this moon, Phobos 1 and Phobos 2. Both failed or lost contact with Earth, but Phobos 2 managed to take some pictures of the moon in 1989 before dying.

## Features

There is one large crater on Phobos called Stickney. It is  the size of the moon itself.

## Infobox (planet)

- **name**: Phobos
- **image**: Phobos colour 2008.jpg
- **caption**: Enhanced-color view of Phobos obtained by _Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter_ on March 23 2008.
- **bgcolour**: #ffc0c0
- **discoverer**: Asaph Hall
- **discovered**: August 18, 1877
- **epoch**: J2000
- **semimajor**: km
- **periapsis**: km
- **apoapsis**: km
- **period**: day, d
(7 hour, h 39.2 minute, min)
- **avg speed**: 2.138 km/second, s
- **inclination**: 1.093degree (angle), ° (to Mars's equator)
0.046° (to local Laplace plane)
26.04° (to the ecliptic)
- **satellite of**: Mars
- **mean radius**: 11.1 km
( Earths)
- **dimensions**: 26.8 × 22.4 × 18.4 km
- **surface area**: km²
(11.9 micro, µEarths)
- **volume**: cubic kilometre, km³
(5.0 nano, nEarths)
- **mass**: 1.072 kg
(1.8 nEarths)
- **density**: 1.887 gram, g/cubic centimetre, cm³
- **surface grav**: acceleration, m/s²
(8.4-1.9 mm/s²)
(860-190 µ_g-force, g_)
- **escape velocity**: 11.3 Metre per second, m/s (40 Kilometres per hour, km/h)
- **rotation**: synchronous rotation, synchronous
- **rot velocity**: 11.0 km/h (at longest axis' tips)
- **axial tilt**: 0°
- **albedo**: 0.071
- **magnitude**: 11.3
- **single temperature**: ~233 kelvin, K
Charon (moon)

**Charon** is a moon of the dwarf planet Pluto. It is half as wide as Pluto and is much like the dwarf planet itself. It was discovered many years after Pluto. They are sometimes considered a binary system, as Charon does not orbit Pluto, and Pluto does not orbit Charon. They orbit a barycentre in space.

## Naming

The moon is named after Charon in Greek mythology, a boatman who would carry the souls of dead people across the river Acheron to the underworld.

## Discovery

Charon was found by astronomer James Christy on June 22, 1978, when he was looking at highly blown up picture of Pluto on a photographic plate that taken a couple of months before. Christy noticed that a slight bulge was able to be seen every now and then. This finding was made public on July 7, 1978. Later, the bulge was confirmed on plates dating back to April 29, 1965.

Later observations of Pluto were able to figure out that the bulge was due to a smaller body. The orbit of the bulge fit in with Pluto's rotation period, which was already known from Pluto's light curve.

Any final doubts were erased when Pluto and Charon entered a five-year period of mutual eclipses between 1985 and 1990. This happens when the Pluto-Charon orbital plane is edge-on as seen from Earth, which only happens at twice in Pluto's 248-year orbital period. It was very lucky that one of these intervals happened to occur so soon after Charon's discovery.

## Pictures

Pictures showing Pluto and Charon as separate disks were taken for the first time by the Hubble Space Telescope in the 1990s. Later, after a new technology called adaptive optics was discovered, it was possible to see Pluto and Charon as separate disks using ground-based telescopes.

## Other websites

- Charon Profile  by NASA's Solar System Exploration
- James W. Christy and Robert S. Harrington, "The satellite of Pluto," _The Astronomical Journal_ **83** (1978) 1005
- Marc W. Buie, Phases of Charon as seen from Pluto, Lowell Observatory
- Buie, Surface of Charon and Pluto
- Hubble reveals new map of Pluto, BBC News, September 12, 2005
- IAU Circular No. 3241 describing the discovery
- Measuring the Size of a Small, Frost World  (ESO press release January 2006)
- M. J. Person et al.: Charon’s Radius and Density from the Combined Data Sets of the 2005 July 11 Occultation (submitted to the Astronomical Journal, February 3, 2006)
- Cryovolcanism on Charon and other Kuiper Belt Objects
Charon (mythology)

In mythology, **Charon** was the ferryman of Hades. He was the son of Erebos and Nyx.

Charon took the newly dead people across the river Acheron or Styx to the Greek underworld, if they paid him three obolus (a Greek silver coin). Because of this, people in Ancient Greece were always buried with a coin under their tongue and one on each eye to pay Charon. Those who could not pay him had to wander the banks of the Acheron until they found a pauper's entrance to Hades.

The largest moon of the dwarf planet Pluto is named Charon after this mythological person.
Chaos (mythology)

**Chaos** was the nothingness at the beginning of the world, described in the creation myths of Classical mythology. It was the state the universe (or cosmos) was in before it was created. Early Christians used the word "chaos"in a different way, with the word meaning  disorder or randomness or confusion. Modern non-mythological use of the word has these meanings.

Chaos is often identified as a god, who filled the gap between Heaven and Earth. Born out of chaos were the first beings:
- Gaia, the Earth
- Tartarus, the Underworld
- Uranus, Sky
- Nyx, the Night
- Erebos, the Darkness of the Underworld
In some versions, Uranus was a creation of Gaia, not Chaos. In other versions, Eros, god of love, was also a creation of Chaos
Eros

**Eros** is the god of love, lust, and sex in Greek mythology.

According to Hesiod's _Theogony_, Eros came from the Chaos. Later it was said that he was the son of Ares and Aphrodite.

His lover is Psyche.

Eros has a bow and golden arrows with whom he can shoot at people so they will fall in love, but he has also leaden arrows which make people hate others.

There is a famous statue which many people think is to Eros, but is actually to Anteros in London in Piccadilly Circus.

From the name Eros we get the word **erotic**, meaning: to do with sexual love (passionate and physical). There is also a noun: **eroticism**.

Eros is the son of Aphrodite.

Eros' main myth is: "the myth of Eros and Psyche" in which Eros and Psyche fall in love after psyche is put through tasks by Aphrodite.

## Related pages

- Cupid, the version of Eros in Roman mythology
- 433 Eros
Wheelwright

A **wheelwright** is someone who builds or repairs wheels. In the olden days there were lots of carts. The wheels were made of wood. It was a difficult job to make them, so the cartwright made the cart and the wheelwright did the specialized job of making the wheels. In ancient times some wheels were made of bone in order to look beautiful.

The word wheelwright is not often used for people who make wheels today. Wheels are made in factories and lots of people on the production line each have their bit to do.
Throne

A **throne** is the official chair or seat upon which a monarch (royal ruler) is seated on state or ceremonial occasions. The word "throne" can also refer to the monarchy itself.

## Related pages

- Enthronement
Altar

An **altar** is a place, often a table, where a religious event happens. Altars are used in Christianity and in other religions.

In some old religions, the event was a sacrifice, which means a holy work. Usually the priest would use this item.

## Related pages

- Altar lamp
- Altarpiece
Don Bradman

Sir **Donald George Bradman**  (27 August 1908 – 25 February 2001) was an Australian cricketer. Often called "The Don", he is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest batters of all time. He scored 6,996 runs in his Test career at a world record batting average of 99.94 runs per completed innings.

## Playing career

Bradman made his first-class debut in the 1927–28 season, playing for the News South Wales state team. He made his Test debut in November 1928, playing for Australia against England at the Brisbane Cricket Ground. His Test career continued until August 1948, when he made his final appearance at The Oval.

## Personal life

Bradman married his childhood sweetheart Jessie Martha Menzies on 30 April 1932, and they were together for 65 years until Jessie died in 1997. Bradman said on many occasions how important his wife was to him, once saying: "I would never have achieved what I achieved without Jessie". Don and Jessie Bradman had three children, but family life was difficult. Their first child died young in 1936. Their second child (John, born in 1939) caught poliomyelitis, a serious viral disease, and their third child (Shirley, born 1941) had multiple sclerosis.

## Death

Bradman died of pneumonia on 25 February 2001, aged 92, at his home in Kensington Park, Adelaide.

## Infobox (cricketer)

- **honorific prefix**: Sir
- **name**: Don Bradman
- **image**: Don_Bradman_1930.jpg
- **caption**: Bradman in 1930
- **fullname**: Donald George Bradman
- **birth place**: Cootamundra, New South Wales
- **death place**: Kensington Park, Adelaide, South Australia
- **nickname**: The Don
- **batting**: Right-handed
- **bowling**: Right-arm leg spin, leg break
- **role**: Batting (cricket), Batsman
- **international**: true
- **internationalspan**: 1928–1948
- **country**: Australia
- **testdebutdate**: 30 November
- **testdebutyear**: 1928
- **testdebutagainst**: England
- **testcap**: 124
- **lasttestdate**: 18 August
- **lasttestyear**: 1948
- **lasttestagainst**: England
- **club1**: New South Wales cricket team, New South Wales
- **club2**: South Australia cricket team, South Australia
- **columns**: 2
- **column1**: Test cricket, Test
- **column2**: First-class cricket, First-class
- **matches1**: 52
- **matches2**: 234
- **runs1**: 6,996
- **runs2**: 28,067
- **bat avg1**: 99.94
- **bat avg2**: 95.14
- **100s/50s1**: 29/13
- **100s/50s2**: 117/69
- **top score1**: 334
- **top score2**: 452not out, *
- **deliveries1**: 160
- **deliveries2**: 2,114
- **wickets1**: 2
- **wickets2**: 36
- **bowl avg1**: 36.00
- **bowl avg2**: 37.97
- **fivefor1**: 0
- **fivefor2**: 0
- **tenfor1**: 0
- **tenfor2**: 0
- **best bowling1**: 1/8
- **best bowling2**: 3/35
- **catches/stumpings1**: 32/–
- **catches/stumpings2**: 131/1
- **source**: http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/4188.html ESPNcricinfo
- **date**: 4 December
- **year**: 2014
Daphne (mythology)

**Daphne** (, meaning "laurel") was a dryad in Greek mythology, daughter of the river god Peneus.

According to Greek mythology, the god Apollo insulted Eros, otherwise known as Cupid, the god of love. Becoming angry, Eros shot a golden arrow at Apollo, causing him to fall in love with the nymph Daphne the virgin. Eros then shot Daphne with a leaden arrow so she could never love Apollo back. So Apollo followed her while she ran away, until she came to the river of her father, Peneus.  Apollo became jealous and puts it into the girl's mind to stop to bathe in the river Ladon; there, as all strip naked, the ruse is revealed, as in the myth of Callisto. There she wanted help from her father who turned her into a laurel tree so she would be safe from Apollo. Apollo then became sad. Some versions say that when Daphne saw Apollo sad, taking pity she made him a laurel wreath (a circle made of laurel that is worn like a crown) from her leaves. Other accounts state that Apollo made the laurel himself, taking from the tree. The laurel tree became sacred of Apollo and is used by emperors within the culture. After the crown was used for all the winners at his games and great heroes in the years to come would be crowned with laurel leaves.  He also vowed that she, like him, would have eternal youth where her leaves would never turn brown or fall but would always stay lush and green. Some even say that he created this laurel wreath to remind him of the prize he can never win still Apollo loved that laurel with all his heart.

## References

See Ovid. _Metamorphoses_. Book I: 452-567.
Massively multiplayer online role-playing game

A **massively multiplayer online role-playing game** (MMORPG) is a massively multiplayer online game (MMOG) that is a role-playing game (RPG). It is an RPG which is played online (on the internet) by a very large number of people at the same time.

## Some popular MMORPG games

- _2moons_
- _The 4th Coming_
- _Anarchy Online_
- _Asheron's Call_
- _Battle Dawn_
- _Cantr II_
- _City of Heroes_
- _Club Penguin_
- _Conquer Online_
- _Dofus_
- _Dreams of Mirrors Online_
- _Dungeons & Dragons Online_
- _Dungeon Siege: Legends Of Aranna_
- _Eve Online_
- _Everquest_
- _Everquest II_
- _Final Fantasy XI_
- _Flyff_
- _Guild Wars_
- _Helbreath_
- _Lineage II_
- _MapleStory_
- _Matrix Online_
- _MU Online_
- _Perfect World_
- _Ragnarok Online_
- _RF Online_
- _Rumble Fighter_
- _RuneScape_
- _Runes of Magic_
- _Sherwood_
- _Silkroad Online_
- _Tales Runner_
- _Tibia_
- _Transformice_
- _Trickster Online_
- _Ultima Online_
- _World of Warcraft_

## Other websites

- OGRank  MMORPG news and resources
- MMORPG linkcollection
Middle English

**Middle English** or **ME** is an older type of the English language that was spoken after the Norman invasion in 1066 until the 1500s. It came from Old English after William the Conqueror came to England with his French nobles and stopped English from being taught in schools for a few hundred years. Over this time, English borrowed several Old French words and became part of the Anglo-Norman language. This period of the development was from the High Middle Ages to the Late Middle Ages.

In the 1470s, the Chancery Standard, a type of English spoken in London, started to become more common. This was partly because William Caxton brought the printing press to England in the 1470s. The type of English that people spoke in England between then and 1650 is called Early Modern English. There were many different dialects of Middle English.

Geoffrey Chaucer wrote _The Canterbury Tales_ in Middle English.

## Related pages

- Old Scots, the northern dialect
- Middle English literature
    - Geoffrey Chaucer
        - _The Canterbury Tales_
- _Mirie it is while sumer ilast_, the earliest non-religious song in the English language, dating to ca. 1250 AD.

## Sources

- Brunner, Karl (1962) _Abriss der mittelenglischen Grammatik_; 5. Auflage. Tübingen: M. Niemeyer (1st ed. Halle (Saale): M. Niemeyer, 1938)
- Brunner, Karl (1963) _An Outline of Middle English Grammar_; translated by Grahame Johnston. Oxford: Blackwell

## Infobox (language)

- **name**: Middle English
- **nativename**: Englisch, Inglis, English
- **region**: England, some parts of Wales,  Scotland, south east Scotland and Scottish burghs, to some extent Ireland
- **era**: developed into Early Modern English, Scots language, Scots, and Yola language, Yola and Fingallian in Ireland by the 16th century
- **image**: Chaucer-canterburytales-miller.jpg
- **imagesize**: 250px
- **imagecaption**: A page from Geoffrey Chaucer's _The Canterbury Tales_
- **familycolor**: Indo-European
- **fam2**: Germanic languages, Germanic
- **fam3**: West Germanic languages, West Germanic
- **fam4**: Ingvaeonic languages, North Sea Germanic
- **fam5**: Anglo-Frisian languages, Anglo-Frisian
- **fam6**: Anglic languages, Anglic
- **ancestor**: Proto-Indo-European
- **iso2**: enm
- **iso3**: enm
- **glotto**: midd1317
- **glottorefname**: Middle English
- **iso6**: meng
- **notice**: IPA
- **ancestor2**: Proto-Germanic
- **ancestor3**: Old English
- **script**: Latin
Hesiod

**Hesiod** (_Hesiodos_, ) was an Ancient Greek poet. He is probably the second Greek poet whose work has survived; like Homer, his dates are not known for certain. As with Homer, there are numerous legends, none of which are supported by hard evidence. He may have lived around 700 BC in Askra in Boeotia, as a farmer. Today his writings are one of the main sources for Greek mythology, and everyday life in Ancient Greece, such as farming techniques, astronomy and ancient time-keeping. The complete surviving works were published in 1493, and by Aldus Manutius in 1495.

## Works

- _Works and days_
- _Theogony_
- _Catalogue of women_ (or _Eoiae_)
- _The Shield of Heracles_

## Other websites

- Web texts taken from _Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns and Homerica_, edited and translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, published as Loeb Classical Library #57, 1914, :
    - Scanned text at the Internet Archive, in PDF and DjVu format
    - Perseus Classics Collection: Greek and Roman Materials: Text: Hesiod Greek texts and English translations for _Works and Days_, _Theogony_, and _Shield of Heracles_ with additional notes and cross links.
    - Versions of the electronic edition of Evelyn-White's English translation edited by Douglas B. Killings, June 1995:
        - Project Gutenberg plain text .
        - Berkeley Digital Library SunSITE: The Online Medieval and Classical Library: Hesiod
        - Sacred Texts: Classics: The Works of Hesiod (_Theogony_ and _Works and Days_ only)
        - Hesiod and the Arcadian theme in the paintings Shepherds of Arcadia – Et in Arcadia Ego
Fu Xiancai

**Fu Xiancai** is a Chinese farmer and civil rights activist. He started to be political in 1994, after his village was in danger, because the Three Gorges Dam was built. In 1997 he had to leave his home, after it was flooded by the water of the dam. Since that time he tries to get together with other people fair damages from the People's Republic of China. On 19 May 2006 he had an interview with the German television station ARD. After this one he was arrested by police and hit so he cannot move since that time and is crippled. He did not get any medical help, because he cannot pay it. The German government protested against this situation. In June 2006, the German embassy paid for the life-saving medical treatment. The Chinese government said they did not hit him, so he must have hit himself.

## Other websites

- Article of an international Organisation 
- Article of the german Newspaper FAZ (german)
- Interview with the reporter of the german newsstation (german)
Phoebus

**Phoebus** (means _shining-one_) was first appeared in the Illiad a name of the Greek god Apollo. But later, in Roman era, Apollo was conflated with Helios, who was the Sun god in Greece. As both gods were merged (became one) in that period, their myths also conflated. Ovid refered to both as "Phoebus", so we could see this name in Ovid's myths of Helios and Apollo.
Overture

An **overture** is a piece of music for the orchestra to play at the beginning of an opera or ballet. The word comes from the French word for "opening" because it "opens" the show.

Overtures usually have tunes which are going to be heard during the opera or ballet. In this way it prepares the audience for what is to come.

Many overtures in the 18th century were simply background music to get the audience's attention (people used to chatter during performances). Some composers like Gioacchino Rossini (1792-1868) used the same overture again and again for his next operas, or just changed bits of it.

Composers like Christoph Willibald Gluck and later Richard Wagner (1813-1883) were very careful to make the overture a dramatic beginning which prepared the audience for the story. Wagner often called his overtures "Vorspiel" (Prelude).

Not all composers wrote overtures to their operas. Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) and Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924) often go straight into the first act or they just have a very short prelude.

In the 19th century many Romantic composers wrote concert overtures. These pieces did not belong to any opera or ballet, they were just written to be heard at concerts. They often had a descriptive title because they told some sort of story, e.g. Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847) wrote an overture "Fingal's Cave" which describes the sea coming into the cave in the Inner Hebrides islands. Sometimes these descriptive pieces were much longer than an overture (which is usually just a few minutes), so they were called tone poems.

Overtures are usually played in sonata form.

## Related pages

- Incidental music
- Prelude
Luthier

A **luthier** is a person who repairs guitars, violins, violas, cellos, double basses, and other wooden stringed instruments. These instruments need regular adjustments and minor repairs, especially straightening the bridge. As well, sometimes instruments are damaged in accidents, and a luthier has to use wood glue, broken pieces, and clamps to repair the instrument. Luthiers also have the ability to create wooden stringed instruments, mostly classic string family instruments.

The French word **lutherie** is referred to the art to build wooden instruments. The word luthier comes from the French word **luth**, luth comes from the Arabian word **al-`ūd** (العود), this last word means lute, although its generic meaning is **the wood**. The German word for luthier is **luther**, that word has became also in a name (Martin Luther King) and in a last name (Martin Luther)
Moss, Norway

**Moss** is a coastal town in the Norwegian county of Østfold. It served an important role in the declaration of independence from the union with Sweden. The city used to have a lot of heavy industries, like shipyards and paper mills. Today it has mostly service sector businesses (shops, banks etc.)

The city is also the centre of Moss Municipality which is 63 km² (square kilometers) large and has 28,000 people as of 2006.

The mayor, Simen Nord, is elected until late 2027.

## Related pages

- List of mayors in Norway that are elected until 2027
Dorset

**Dorset** is a county in south England which is by the sea. The biggest towns in it are Bournemouth and Poole. There are other smaller towns, some by the sea, like Weymouth, Swanage, West Bay, the Isle of Portland, Dorchester, Wareham, Lyme Regis, Blandford and Wool.

## Location

Dorset is next to Devon, Somerset, Wiltshire and Hampshire.
There is a lot of countryside in Dorset, so there are quite a few farmers. Other people work in offices, shops or the holiday business. There are not many factories or industry in Dorset.
People come on holiday to Dorset because the countryside and sea is peaceful and pretty, and there are not many big towns and no cities at all. Bournemouth, Poole, Weymouth, Swanage and Lyme Regis are quite famous seaside towns, where most holidaymakers go when they come to Dorset.

## Dorset coast

The Dorset coast is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Jurassic Coast. This includes famous fossil sites where Mary Anning collected, and famous landforms such as Chesil Beach.

## Infobox (english county)

- **official name**: Dorset
- **locator map**:
- **region**: South West England, South West
- **established date**: Historic counties of England, Ancient
- **lord lieutenant office**: Lord Lieutenant of Dorset
- **lord lieutenant name**: Michael Dooley (doctor), Michael Dooley
- **high sheriff office**: High Sheriff of Dorset
- **high sheriff name**: Callum Bremner
- **ethnicity**: 88.0% White British (2021)
- **area council km2**: 2542
- **iso code**: GB-DOR, GB-BCP
- **gss code**: E10000009
- **nuts code**: UKK21, UKK22
- **unitary council1**: Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council
- **unitary council2**: Dorset Council (UK), Dorset Council
- **districts map**:
- **districts key**: Unitary
- **districts list**: #Dorset (unitary authority), Dorset
#Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole
- **mps**: List of Parliamentary constituencies in Dorset, List of MPs
- **police**: Dorset Police
- **website**:

- **image caption**: Durdle Door on the Jurassic Coast, Bournemouth Pier, and Sherborne Abbey
Poole

**Poole** is a town in Dorset, England. It is the second biggest town in Dorset after Bournemouth. In 2001, 138,299 people lived there. Lots of tourists visit Poole because of its nice beaches and sunny weather. It has a very big natural harbour. Lots of people in Poole work for Barclays Bank, Hamworthy Engineering, Poole Packaging, Sunseeker, RNLI and Ryvita.

## Harbour

Poole's harbour is the second biggest natural harbour in the world after Sydney in Australia but the water in Poole is very shallow which means that very big ships cannot go into Poole Harbour. It was used in World War II for some ships to set off for France on D-Day. The harbour entrance is also the home to many millionaires being in the top 5 most expensive places to live in the world.

## History

People have lived in Poole for 2,000 years. There were lots of Celtic people there. Archaeologists found a boat in the harbor which they think was made in 295 BC. When the Romans invaded Britain in the 1st century, they landed in Poole. In the Norman Conquest in 1066, Poole was used mostly for fishing but then became a port for trading things like wool. In the 18th century, Poole was one of the biggest ports in England.

The harbor stopped being so useful because big boats could not get in, so they went to places like Liverpool, Southampton and Plymouth. Even though the harbor can not be used that well, due to the shallowness of the sea, it is very beautiful and peaceful for people.
Gorilla

***Gorilla*** is a genus of African apes commonly known as **gorillas**. They are divided into two species, the western gorilla (_Gorilla gorilla_) and the eastern gorilla (_Gorilla beringei_).

## Behavior

Gorillas may be aggressive when attacked or provoked, but they are naturally gentle. They are generally herbivores, which means that they eat plants. But they also eat insects.

## Life span

A gorilla's lifespan in the wild is between 35 and 40 years, although zoo gorillas may live for 50 years or more because they have more food and health care.

## Taxonomy

- Genus _Gorilla_
    - Western gorilla, _Gorilla gorilla_
        - Western lowland gorilla, _Gorilla gorilla gorilla_
        - Cross River gorilla, _Gorilla gorilla diehli_
    - Eastern gorilla, _Gorilla beringei_
        - Mountain gorilla, _Gorilla beringei beringei_
        - Eastern lowland gorilla, _Gorilla beringei graueri_

## Appearance

Gorillas are large apes. Fully grown males are can be very strong. An adult male gorilla can weigh up to 225 kilograms and stand 1.8 meters in height. Gorillas live in family groups called troops. They have a broad chest, wide shoulders, short legs, and long strong arms. They have black skin and hair. Adult male gorillas' hair becomes silver/grey on their backs as they become older. Because of that, older males are called "silverbacks". There is a much bigger difference in sizes between the sexes than is the case with humans.

## Life

Gorillas live in the rainforests in central Africa. They mostly live on the ground, but they can also climb. When on the ground, they walk on their feet and finger knuckles. Troops of gorillas wander slowly through the forests of Central Africa. For about half of their day they search for leaves, vines, and bamboo shoots to eat. Sometimes they also eat ants or termites. For the rest of the day, they lay in the sun and play with their children. If another gorilla threatens them, the troop's leader, the silverback, protects them by rearing up and beating his chest. Although mostly vegetarian, they have long canine teeth or fangs that the adult males sometimes use to fight each other for the troop leadership.

Gorillas sleep in nests that they build on the ground. At the end of each day, each adult gorilla spends a few minutes putting together a soft, flat bed made of leaves, branches, and moss. The young gorillas sleep with their mothers.

The gestation period (when a baby grows inside the mother) of a gorilla lasts between eight and ten months. Gorillas almost always produce one offspring - twins are rare. Gorilla babies begin to hang onto their mothers when they are only a few hours old and will continue to do so for the next three years. Gorillas live up to 50 years in the wild and up to 54 years in captivity.

## Related pages

- Dian Fossey
- Ape
Matt Bellamy

**Matthew James Bellamy** (born 9 June 1978) is an English singer. He is the lead singer of the band Muse. He also plays the electric guitar and the piano. He writes most of the songs. Bellamy is known for his falsetto and the way he plays the guitar, which is very creative. Bellamy sings with a tenor voice when he is not singing in falsetto.

## Background

Matthew Bellamy was born on 9 June 1978 in Cambridge. He is the son of George Bellamy and Marilyn Bellamy and he has an older brother named Paul. His parents moved with him to Teignmouth in Devon in the mid-1980s.

George Bellamy was also a guitarist and was in a band called "The Tornados", who had a number-one hit in the United States with the song "Telstar". The talent of his father was part of what inspired Matthew to play guitar, sing and form a band. The Muse song "Knights of Cydonia" is sometimes called a tribute to "Telstar", since it has a similar space rock sound and futuristic video featuring cowboys like a spaghetti western. Marylin Bellamy was born in Belfast and went to live in England in the 1970s, meeting George for the first time on the day she did so.

When he was 6 years old, Matthew Bellamy began playing piano, and showed signs of having natural skill with the instrument. Bellamy's parents divorced before he reached fourteen years of age. He moved in with his grandmother, and around this time he considered playing guitar. His talent for quickly learning how to play instruments had made some people call him a virtuoso, which is someone musically talented in a unique way.

Matthew was heavily featured in the TV series "History of the Guitar" where his creativity with the instrument was demonstrated to the full. His father George was introduced on the programme as Matthew's father and was featured performing the hit instrumental "Telstar" with "The Tornados."

## Interests

Bellamy is fascinated with conspiracy theories. A lot of songs of Muse are about conspiracies. He is also interested in the space and conspiracy theories about extraterrestrial life or _aliens_.

Matthew shows agnostic views, stating in a 2006 interview with the Rock Music channel that "I believe in the God of the universe, definitely" but does not believe in heaven or hell. It is also possible that Bellamy explores otherworldly theories, such as the origin of mankind from another universe, as reflected in the band's rock symphony, "Exogenesis".

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes
- **origin**: Teignmouth, Devon, England
- **years active**: 1991–present


## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Matt Bellamy
- **image**: MuseO2140919-25 (48736144762) (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Bellamy in 2019
- **birth name**: Matthew James Bellamy
- **birth place**: Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England
Chris Wolstenholme

**Christopher Tony Wolstenholme** (born 2 December 1978 in Rotherham, Yorkshire, England) is an English musician. He sings and plays a bass guitar in the band Muse. He also sometimes plays guitar or keyboard instead of bass.

## Early and personal life

Chris grew up in Rotherham before moving to Teignmouth where he had lived up until April 2010. While attending school there, he played for various different bands until he joined Muse when Matthew Bellamy and Dominic Howard invited him to their band. Today he is an acclaimed bass-player, receiving praise from many musicians.

Wolstenhome has six children with his wife Kelly: Alfie (born 1999),  Ava-Jo (born 2001), Frankie (born 2003), Ernie (born 2008), Buster (born 2010) and Teddi, born 2012.
He got married in 2018 to his Wife caris ball. On the 3rd of March, caris gave birth to their Daughter named Mabel aurora Wolstenholme

In April 2010, he moved with his family to Dublin, Ireland.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Chris Wolstenholme
- **img**: Chris Wolstenholme in 2013 (cropped).jpg
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Christopher Tony Wolstenholme
- **birth place**: Rotherham, England
- **occupation**: Musician
- **genre**: New prog, alternative rock, progressive rock, progressive metal, space rock
- **instrument**: Bass guitar, backing vocalist, vocals, keyboard instrument, keyboards, guitar, harmonica, drum kit, drums, Synthesizer, synthesisers
- **years active**: 1992 – present
- **label**: Warner Bros. Records
Eastwest Records
Atlantic Records
Helium 3 (label), Helium 3
- **associated acts**: Muse (band), Muse
Dominic Howard

**Dominic James Howard** (born 7 December 1977) is an English musician. He plays the drums for the band Muse. Howard was born in Stockport, England. He is left-handed.
Penlight

A **penlight** is a small flashlight in the shape of a pen. A penlight usually uses a small light known as an "LED" (Light Emitting Diode) but it can also use a small lightbulb made just for small flashlights.

The LED lights up when power is run through it. Making the penlight light up is as simple as pressing a button, or screwing the end on tighter so it makes contact with the batteries.

Most of the time, penlights use two or three AA, AAA, or AAAA batteries. AAAA are a newer, thinner type of battery, most commonly found in small electronics. It started with the AA size batteries.

Penlights can be made out of plastic or metal, and can be any color. They most often have a little clip, to hold it on your shirt or something.
Bournemouth

**Bournemouth** is a town in Dorset, in the country of England. It is the biggest town in Dorset. It is next to Poole and Christchurch.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bournemouth
- **type**: Unitary authorities in England, Unitary, Borough status in the United Kingdom, Borough
- **image skyline**: Bournemouth, Town Centre and East Cliff - geograph.org.uk - 36732.jpg
- **imagesize**: 280px
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Bournemouth town centre
- **image map**: Bournemouth UK locator map.svg
- **mapsize**: frameless
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Sovereign state
- **subdivision name**: United Kingdom
- **subdivision type1**: Constituent country
- **subdivision name1**: England
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of England, Region
- **subdivision name2**: South West England
- **subdivision type3**: Ceremonial counties of England, Ceremonial county
- **subdivision name3**: Dorset
- **seat type**: Admin. HQ
- **seat**: Bournemouth
- **government type**: Bournemouth Borough Council
- **leader title**: Local government in England#Councillors and mayors, Leadership:
- **leader name**: Leader & Cabinet
- **leader title1**: Executive:
- **leader title2**: MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 2005, MPs:
- **leader name2**: Conor Burns,
Tobias Ellwood
- **leader title3**: Mayor
- **leader name3**: Philip Stanley-Watts
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1810
- **area rank**: List of English districts by area|
- **population rank**: List of English districts by population, Ranked
- **population density km2**: auto
- **timezone**: Greenwich Mean Time
- **utc offset**: +0
- **timezone dst**: British Summer Time
- **utc offset dst**: +1
- **postal code type**: Postcode
- **blank name**: ISO 3166-2:GB, ISO 3166-2
- **blank1 name**: ONS coding system, ONS code
- **blank1 info**: 00HN (ONS)
E06000028 (GSS)
- **blank2 name**: British national grid reference system, OS grid reference
- **blank3 name**: Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, NUTS 3
- **blank4 name**: Ethnicity
- **blank4 info**: 96.7% White
- **website**: [http://www.bournemouth.gov.uk/ www.bournemouth.gov.uk]
Christchurch, Dorset

**Christchurch** is a town in Dorset, England. It is next to Bournemouth.

## Sister city

Christchurch is twinned with:
- Saint-Lô, France, since 1985

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Christchurch
- **settlement type**: Borough status in the United Kingdom, Borough
- **image skyline**: Christchurch Dorset 01.jpg
- **image alt**: Looking across river with boats on we can see the priory against a bright blue sky
- **image caption**: Christchurch Priory viewed from Wick, Bournemouth, Wick
- **pushpin map**: United Kingdom Dorset
- **pushpin map caption**: Christchurch shown within Dorset
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Sovereign state
- **subdivision name**: United Kingdom
- **subdivision type1**: Constituent country
- **subdivision name1**: England
- **subdivision type2**: Regions of England, Region
- **subdivision name2**: South West England
- **subdivision type3**: Ceremonial counties of England, Ceremonial county
- **subdivision name3**: Dorset
- **subdivision type4**: Admin HQ
- **subdivision name4**: Christchurch
- **government type**: Borough status in the United Kingdom, Borough
- **leader title**: Governing body
- **leader name**: Christchurch Borough Council
- **leader title1**: MPs elected in the UK general election, 2010, MP:
- **leader name1**: Christopher Chope (Conservative Party (UK), C)
- **established title3**: Borough status
- **established date3**: 1974
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 50.4
- **population total**: (List of English districts by population, Ranked )
- **population density km2**: 909
- **timezone1**: Greenwich Mean Time
- **utc offset1**: +0
- **postal code type**: Postcode
- **postal code**: BH postcode area, BH23
- **area code**: 01202
01425
- **blank name**: ISO 3166-2:GB, ISO 3166-2
- **blank info**: GB-DOR <small>(Dorset)</small>
- **blank1 name**: ONS coding system, ONS code
- **blank1 info**: 19UC (ONS)
E07000048 (GSS)
- **blank2 name**: British national grid reference system, OS grid reference
- **blank3 name**: Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, NUTS 3
- **blank3 info**: UKK22
- **website**: [http://www.dorsetforyou.com/ dorsetforyou.com]
Symphony

A **symphony** is a piece of music written for an orchestra to play. It may be quite a long piece. Usually it is divided into parts, usually 3 or 4 parts, which are called movements.

The first movement of a symphony can be a fast movement, often in sonata form. The second movement can be a slow movement. The third movement can be a minuet or scherzo and a trio. The fourth movement may be called “Finale”; it can be in Rondo form or sonata form or a combination of these. There are lots of different ways of writing a symphony, but this is the pattern that was used by Joseph Haydn who is known as the “Father of the Symphony”, and many composers since have used his pattern of movements for their symphonies and the sound they create.

## Connotations

The word “symphony” comes from the Greek words “sym” (together) and “phone” (sound).

“Symphonic” means “like a symphony”. It is often used to describe music which is quite long and develops tunes over a long period.

A large orchestra is often called a “symphony orchestra”. This is to distinguish it from a small orchestra called a “chamber orchestra”.

Some of the most famous composers of symphonies are Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, Anton Bruckner, Johannes Brahms, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Gustav Mahler, Jean Sibelius and Dmitri Shostakovich.

## Related pages

- Symphonic poem