juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
2016 Democratic National Convention

At the **2016 Democratic National Convention**, delegates of the United States Democratic Party chose their nominees for President of the United States and Vice President of the United States in the 2016 national election. It was held July 25–28, 2016, at the Wells Fargo Center in Philadelphia, with some events at the Pennsylvania Convention Center, beginning exactly one week after the 2016 Republican National Convention. The candidates were former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton of New York, and United States senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont.

There are 4,764 delegates to the Democratic National Convention, so a candidate needs a simple majority of 2,383 delegates including "superdelegates" to win the presidential nomination. On June 6, 2016,  Clinton won the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries, becoming the presumptive candidate.
Jim Clark (movie editor)

**Jim Clark** (24 May 1931 – 25 February 2016) was a British movie editor with more than forty feature-movie credits from 1956 to 2008. Clark has also directed eight features and short movies. His best-known works are _Midnight Cowboy_ (as creative consultant-1969), _Marathon Man_ (1976), _The Killing Fields_ (1984), and _Vera Drake_ (2004). In 2011, Clark published _Dream Repairman: Adventures in Film Editing_, which is a memoir of his career.

## References

]

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Jim Clark
- **birth name**: James Clark
- **birth place**: Boston, Lincolnshire, England
- **death place**: London, England
- **awards**: Academy Award for Film Editing (1985)
BAFTA Award for Best Editing (1986)
- **occupation**: Editor, director
- **notable works**: _The Killing Fields (movie), The Killing Fields_
_The Jackal (1997 movie), The Jackal_
_The World Is Not Enough_
2016 Democrats Abroad primary

The **2016 Democratic Party global presidential primary for Democrats Abroad** happened March 1–8, 2016. E-mail, fax, and postal voting started January 11 and ended March 8.

Voters voted once for a presidential candidate: either through Democrats Abroad, or through their home state. Those who vote in the Democrats Abroad global presidential primary may vote or caucus for all other candidates for the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, in their home states. They cannot vote twice for a presidential candidate.

Sanders won the primary by 69% to Clinton's 31% winning 44 out of the 45 international cities.

## Results

The results given on 21 March were:

|colspan="8"|Democrats Abroad global presidential primary, 2016|||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|style="text-align:left;"|Bernie Sanders|23,779|68.79%|9||||
|style="text-align:left;"|Hillary Clinton|10,689|30.92%|4||||
|style="text-align:left;"|Uncommitted|75|0.2%|||||
|style="text-align:left;"|Martin O'Malley|21|0.06%|||||
|style="text-align:left;"|Rocky De La Fuente|6|0.02%|||||

## Infobox (election)

- **election name**: Democrats Abroad primary, 2016
- **type**: presidential
- **ongoing**: no
- **previous election**: Democrats Abroad primary, 2012
- **previous year**: 2012
- **next election**: 2020 Democrats Abroad primary
- **next year**: 2020
- **election date**: March 1–8, 2016
- **image1**:
- **candidate1**: **Bernie Sanders**
- **color1**: 228B22
- **home state1**: Vermont
- **popular vote1**: **23,779**
- **percentage1**: **68.79%**
- **delegate count1**: **9**
- **image2**:
- **candidate2**: Hillary Clinton
- **color2**: d4aa00
- **home state2**: New York (state), New York
- **popular vote2**: 10,689
- **percentage2**: 30.92%
- **delegate count2**: 4
- **map image**: Democrats Abroad's Global Presidential Primary Results by Country, 2016.svg
- **map size**: 300px
- **map caption**: Election results by country.

Sanders prevailed in all areas
(Americas, Asia-Pacific and Europe, the Middle East and Africa, EMEA)
Tasmanian oak

**Tasmanian oak** (or **Australian oak**) is hardwood timber. It is a light-colored, medium-density wood, used for building, furniture, flooring and paper.

It is not an oak, and not related to oak, but is yielded by some species of _Eucalyptus_ trees in Tasmania. These trees belong to _Eucalyptus regnans_, _Eucalyptus obliqua_ or _Eucalyptus delegatensis_. Wood from the same species of trees in Victoria is called "Victorian ash".
Drush

**Drush** is a free and open source software application that allows people to install and change drupal websites. The name "drush" means "_dru_pal _sh_ell". People who install drush can do all these things using the command line, or terminal of a computer. This makes managing a website that uses drupal faster and more efficient. According to GitHub, drush has been downloaded more than 788,000 times as of March, 2016.
Drupal

**Drupal**  is a free and open source software application that is installed on servers.   When installed and configured, Drupal helps people make websites that are secure, safe, and stable.   Drupal also allows users to share modules with each other.  Modules are like building blocks that when installed make new features available.

As of February 2016, more than 1.3 million websites use Drupal.
Drupal is well supported, and many high level websites are built with it including whitehouse.gov.

## Infobox (software)

- **name**: Drupal
- **logo**: Logo drupal.png
- **caption**: Drupal 8 in action. Showing in-context editing and previews (WYSIWYG).
- **collapsible**: yes
- **author**: Dries Buytaert
- **latest release version**: 8.1.9
- **operating system**: Cross-platform
- **size**: 64.9 MB (uncompressed Drupal 8 core)
- **language**: Multilingual
- **programming language**: PHP
- **genre**: List of content management frameworks, Content management framework, Content management system, Community and Blog software
- **license**: GNU General Public License, GPLv2 or later.
Majority opinion

In law, a **majority opinion** is a judicial opinion agreed to by more than half of the members of a court.  A majority opinion becomes the decision of the court in a matter. It also gives an explanation of the reasons for the court's decision.

## Decisions

A dissenting opinion is an opinion written by one or more judges expressing disagreement with the majority opinion of the court. Very similar to a majority opinion is a plurality opinion. In this instance, a majority of Justices agree on the result of a case, but do not all agree on the reasons for the result.

In the United States Supreme Court, a majority of the Justices have to agree with all of the contents of the Court's opinion before it can be published. In a few cases, after reading drafts of the opinions, Justices may switch their votes and what was the minority opinion becomes the majority opinion. No opinion is considered official until it is read in open court or made available publicly.

## Tie votes

Normally, appellate courts (or panels) are staffed with an odd number of judges to avoid a tie vote. Sometimes and in some jurisdictions, when judicial positions are vacant or a judge has recused (excuse) himself or herself from the case, the court may be stuck with a tie. In this situation the decision of the lower Court stands.

## Related

- Court of public opinion

## Other websites

- Supreme Court of the United States
- The Opinion-Writing Process
Writ

In English common law, a **writ** is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction. In modern use this generally is a court. Writs are issued by courts directing the person to whom they are addressed to do something or to not do something. Writs may also be used to direct other courts or public authorities. The authority for a court to issue a writ is given by the All Writs Act which is a United States federal statute originally a part of the Judiciary Act of 1789.

## History

In its earliest form a writ was simply a written order made by the English king to a specified person to undertake a specified action. For example in the feudal era a military summons by the king to one of his tenants-in-chief to appear dressed for battle with his knights at a certain place and time. An early usage survives in the United Kingdom. Also in Canada in a writ of election. This was is a written order issued on behalf of the monarch (in Canada, the Governor General) to local officials (High Sheriffs of every county in historical UK) to hold a general election. Writs were used by the medieval English kings to summon persons to Parliament.

## Types of writs

There have been a great many kinds of writs. Some of the more common types still in use are:

- Writ of Habeas corpus: A legal document ordering a person who has been arrested to come before a court.
- Writ of Mandamus: This directs a government department or official to take an action.
- Writ of Prohibition: This writ directs a public authority not to take a specified action. Usually issued by appellate courts to lower courts.
- Writ of Certiorari (abbreviated Cert.): A kind of writ issued by an appellate court to review cases from a lower court.
- Writ of Quo warranto: A type of writ used to challenge the legality of someone holding a public office.
- Writ of Coram nobis: A writ issued by an appeals court to a lower court to correct a previous error.
Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution

The **Eleventh Amendment** (**Amendment XI**) to the United States Constitution was passed by Congress on March 4, 1794 and ratified by the states on February 7, 1795. It deals with each state's sovereign immunity and was adopted to overrule the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in _Chisholm v. Georgia_.

## Lawsuits against states

The idea of sovereign immunity originated in English common law. It was also proposed by political theorists like Thomas Hobbes and Jean Bodin. The founding fathers of the Constitution were aware of the traditional doctrine that states were immune from private lawsuits. Several Anti-Federalists were afraid that Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, which declares that the federal judicial power extends to suits "between a State and Citizens of another State", would override that doctrine.

The Eleventh Amendment was a direct reaction to an unpopular ruling by the Supreme Court in _Chisholm v. Georgia_ (1793). In _Chisholm_ the Court said federal courts had the power to hear lawsuits brought by citizens against US states. Also, that states were not immune to these cases. The Eleventh Amendment reversed this decision and does not allow cases brought against a state by a citizen of another state or country. It says nothing about a citizen bringing a suit against their own state.

In _Ex parte Young_, the Supreme Court decision allowed suits in federal courts against officials acting on behalf of states of the union to proceed despite the State's sovereign immunity, when the State acted unconstitutionally.

The Eleventh Amendment is one of five amendments that overturned earlier Supreme Court decisions.

## Other websites

- Eleventh Amendment Limitations on Federal Power
Johnnie Cochran

**Johnnie L Cochran, Jr.** (October 2, 1937 – March 29, 2005) was an American lawyer. He is most known for his part in the acquittal of O. J. Simpson for the murder of Simpson's ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman.

Cochran also represented many different celebrities and victims. He became known as an early advocate for the victims of police brutality. Cochran helped Sean Combs win an acquittal after being indicted on stolen weapons charges and bribery in 2001. After the case, he decided to retire.

On March 29, 2005, Cochran died from a brain tumor in his home in Los Angeles, aged 67.

## Other websites

- The Cochran Firm's website
Crypt

A **crypt** is a room, or group of rooms, in the basement of a church where bodies are put after a person dies. It usually has coffins, religious items, and other trinkets for the dead.

## Related pages

- Tomb
- Catacomb
Pokémon Sun and Moon

are two role-playing video games. They are published by The Pokémon Company and developed by Game Freak. They were released for the Nintendo 3DS. The games were released on 18 November 2016 in North America, Australia and Japan, and 23 November 2016 in Europe, commemorating the _Pokémon_ franchise's 20th anniversary.

On February 25, the games' existence was leaked after the trademarks were found on the EU's Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market's website. _Sun_ and _Moon_ were officially announced in a Pokémon Nintendo Direct.

## Story

Pokémon Sun and Moon take place in a region called Alola. Alola has warm weather and is made up of four large islands. The player is given a Pokémon and goes on a journey around Alola. The player can catch and raise other Pokémon as they explore. While exploring, the player sometimes has to fight Team Skull. Team Skull are a group of people who want to destroy things and cause trouble. And some Pokémon have a special Alolan form!

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (video game)

- **title**: _Pokémon Sun_
_Pokémon Moon_
- **developer**: Game Freak
- **publisher**: The Pokémon Company
- **composer**: Go Ichinose
Hitomi Sato
Junichi Masuda
Minako Adachi
Tomaoki Oga
- **series**: _Pokémon (video game series), Pokémon_
- **genre**: Role-playing video game, Role-playing
- **platforms**: Nintendo 3DS
- **italic title**: no
Prince Johann Georg of Hohenzollern

**Johann Georg, Prince von Hohenzollern** (_Johann Georg Carl Leopold Eitel-Friedrich Meinrad Maria Hubertus Michael_; 31 July 1932 – 2 March 2016) was a German prince. Through his marriage to Princess Birgitta of Sweden, he was brother-in-law of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.

Prince Johann Georg was the sixth child of Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern (30 August 1891 – 6 February 1965) and his wife Princess Margarete Karola of Saxony (24 January 1900 – 16 October 1962).

Goerg died on 2 March 2016 in Munich. He was 83 years old.
Stuart Beck

**Stuart Jay Beck** (December 23, 1946 – March 1, 2016) was an American law practitioner and a diplomat for Palau.

Beck was born in Manhattan. He was raised in Brooklyn.

As a lawyer, Beck helped negotiate the Compact of Free Association, which established Palau as an independent nation in free association with the United States in 1994. He was granted honorary citizenship.

In 2003, he accepted the job as Palau's first Permanent Representative to the United Nations. He had this job until 2013. In 2013, he was appointed as Palau's first ever United Nations Ambassador for Oceans and Seas.

Beck died of kidney cancer on March 1, 2016 in Manhattan, at the age of 69.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Excellency, His Excellency
- **name**: Stuart Beck
- **office1**: Palauan Ambassador to Oceans and Seas
- **leader1**: Tommy Remengesau
- **1namedata1**: Ban Ki-Moon
- **term start1**: August 2013
- **term end1**: March 1, 2016
- **office2**: Palauan Ambassador to the United Nations
- **term start2**: 2003
- **term end2**: 2010
- **successor2**: H.E. Dr. Caleb Otto
- **birth name**: Stuart Jay Beck
- **nationality**: United States, American
Honorary Palauan
- **birth place**: Manhattan, New York City
- **death place**: Manhattan, New York City
- **spouse**: Ebiltulik Beck (m. 1983; 4 children)
- **alma mater**: Harvard University
Yale Law School
Wage

A **wage** is money that is paid by an employer to an employee in exchange for work. The amount may be fixed for each task completed (this is called piece rate); or it may be based on time or other measurable quantity of work done.

Work for wages is the most common form of work. Because of this, the term "wage" sometimes refers to all forms of employee payment. However, a wage is different to a salary or commission. A salary is where the employer pays an arranged amount at regular intervals (such as a week or month) regardless of hours worked or amount of work done. Commission is usually an extra payment based on the performance of the worker or product. Waged employees may also receive "tips" paid directly by clients. They will usually not get the same benefits as those paid with a salary, such as annual leave and sick leave.

Wages are usually paid by the hour. This is called an **hourly wage**. Wages paid by the day are still common. Wage rates may be influenced by market forces (supply and demand), laws, and tradition. Market forces are perhaps more dominant in the United States, while tradition, social structure and seniority, perhaps play a greater role in Japan. In many countries, laws set a minimum wage that all employers must pay their workers. This means that employers cannot pay workers a lower rate than the minimum wage; however, they can pay them a higher rate. The minimum wage rate is there to protect the working class.

Wages were paid in the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, and Ancient Rome.

## Other websites

- Salary and wages data collection
Aubrey McClendon

**Aubrey Kerr McClendon** (July 14, 1959 – March 2, 2016) was an American businessman. He was the founder and chief executive officer of American Energy Partners. He was also the co-founder and retired chief executive officer and chairman of Chesapeake Energy. He was an outspoken supporter for natural gas as a cleaner and safer alternative to oil and coal fuels. He was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

McClendon was a part-owner of the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and was part of the ownership that moved the team to Oklahoma City in 2008.

On March 1, 2016, McClendon was charged by the United States Department of Justice of conspiring "to rig bids for the purchase of oil and natural gas leases in northwest Oklahoma". He died the following day in a car crash near Oklahoma City. He was 56 years old.
Dionysian Mysteries

The **Dionysian Mysteries** were a ritual of ancient Greece and Rome celebrating Dionysus. The ritual involved intoxicants (like alcohol) and dancing to music to remove inhibitions and social constraints. It gave freedom to those marginalized by Greek society such as women, slaves and foreigners.
Fetty Wap

**Willie Junior Maxwell II** (born June 7, 1991), better known as **Fetty Wap**, is an American rapper and singer. He became famous after his first single "Trap Queen", reached number two on the U.S. _Billboard_ Hot 100 chart in May 2015. This helped Wap secure a record deal with 300 Entertainment. He later released two Top 10 singles in the U.S., "679" and "My Way". Wap's self titled first album was released in September 2015. It reached number one on the U.S. _Billboard_ 200 chart.

### 2014–2015: Beginnings and first album

Fetty Wap's commercial first single, titled "Trap Queen", was released in early 2014. He recorded the song in February 2014. However, it did not gain major recognition until mid-November 2014. Since then, it has become a platinum record and has over 130 million plays on SoundCloud. In November 2014, Wap  secured a recording contract with 300 Entertainment. The label was founded by Lyor Cohen, Kevin Liles, Roger Gold and Todd Moscowitz, as well as a distribution deal with Atlantic Records. The song "Trap Queen" is about a woman dealing and cooking crack cocaine. His first mixtape, _Fetty Wap: The Mixtape_ was originally set for release in February 2015. It was delayed because he continued to create new songs. In June 2015, Wap was included in _XXL_'s 2015 Freshman Class.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **embed**: yes


## Infobox (criminal)

- **child**: yes
- **criminal status**: Imprisonment, Incarcerated since October 6, 2022
- **imprisoned**: Federal Correctional Institution, Sandstone
- **conviction**: Trafficking of 100 kilograms (220 pounds) of cocaine, heroin, fentanyl, and crack cocaine across both Long Island, New York, Long Island and New Jersey (sentenced on May 24, 2023)
- **states**: New Jersey, New York (state), New York
- **conviction penalty**: 6 years (72 months)
- **criminal charge**: *Illegal drug trade, Conspiracy to distribute and possess controlled substances <small>(x1)</small>
- **apprehended**: October 6, 2022


## Infobox (musical artist)

- **image**: Fetty Wap 2015.png
- **caption**: Fetty Wap performing in 2015
- **name**: Fetty Wap
- **birth name**: Willie Junior Maxwell II
- **birth place**: Paterson, New Jersey, U.S.
- **years active**: 2013–present
- **children**: 6
Kentucky State University

**Kentucky State University** (**KSU**) is a public university for men and women. It is in Frankfort, Kentucky. The school was founded in 1886. Its original name was the State Normal School for Colored Persons.

The university has four colleges. It offers four associate degrees, 55 undergraduate degrees and six post-graduate programs.
Golden Gate (Gdańsk)

The **Golden Gate** is a historical gate in Gdańsk, Poland. It is a stone building with an archway leading into the Old Town. It was built in 1612. It was created in the place of an older 13th-century Gothic gate called the Brama Długouliczna.
Valley of the Queens

]

The **Valley of the Queens** ( ) is a place in Egypt where wives of Pharaohs were buried in ancient times. In ancient times, it was known as **Ta-Set-Neferu**, meaning –"the place of beauty".

<hiero>X1:G1-Q1-X1:O1-F35-F35-F35</hiero>
The reason for choosing the Valley of the Queens as a burial site is not known. The place is near the worker's village in Deir el-Medina and the Valley of the Kings.  Another consideration may be the existence of a sacred grotto dedicated to Hathor at the entrance of the Valley. This grotto may be associated with rejuvenation for the dead.

The main wadi contains 91 tombs and nearby valleys add another 19 tombs.
Emergency department

The **emergency department** (**ED**) is a part of a hospital for treating people who have just come to the hospital, need to be treated quickly even without an appointment. These people may have been hurt, or they may have suddenly become very ill.

Patients come to an emergency department with little warning. Many come in an ambulance. Emergency departments often have staff working all day and all night, on every day of the week. This is because patients can arrive at any time. To work in those places, doctors and nurses must be trained in emergency medicine.

There are many different names for an emergency department. They are often called an **emergency room** (**ER**), even if they are bigger than one room. They may also be called an **emergency ward** (**EW**) or **emergency unit**. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, they are usually called **accident & emergency department** (**A&E**) and less often as a **casualty department**.

## USA

A 2005 patient study found an average emergency room wait time from 2 hours in Iowa to more than 5 hours in Arizona. The Midwest had the highest number of emergency room visits (460 per 1,000 people). The West had the lowest number.
Gynecology

**Gynecology** (also spelled **gynaecology**) is the part of medicine that deals with the female reproductive system (vagina, uterus, ovaries) and breasts. Outside medicine, it means "the science of women."

Women have started to outnumber men in the study and practice of gynecology.
Transantarctic Mountains

The **Transantarctic Mountains** are a mountain range in the continent of Antarctica. It divides the continent into eastern and western region. It extends for over 3200 km.

The Antarctic Peninsula to the west is not part of this range.

Life in the interior of the Transantarctic Range is limited to bacteria, lichens, algae and fungi.

The name "Transantarctic Mountains" was first used in 1960, in a paper by geologist Warren Hamilton.

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Transantarctic Mountains
- **photo**: Transantarctic mountain hg.jpg
- **photo caption**: The Transantarctic Mountains in northern Victoria Land near Cape Roberts
- **country**: Antarctica
- **country type**: Continent
- **highest**: Mount Kirkpatrick
- **elevation m**: 4528
- **period**: Cenozoic
- **length km**: 3500
- **map image**: Antarctica major geographical features.jpg
John Singer Sargent

**John Singer Sargent** (January 12, 1856 – April 14, 1925) was an American artist. He was the leading portrait painter of his day.

During his career, he created about 900 oil paintings and more than 2,000 watercolors, as well as many sketches and charcoal drawings. He travelled worldwide. His parents were American, but he was trained in Paris, and then moved to London.

His "Portrait of Madame X" resulted in scandal, though today it is hard to see why. She was thought to be somewhat loose sexually. In the original portrait as exhibited, one strap of her gown had fallen down her right shoulder. This suggested to some the possibility of further revelation; "One more struggle", wrote a critic in _Le Figaro_, "and the lady will be free".

Sargent visited Spain, studied Diego Velázquez, and was entranced with Spanish music and dance. He understood what the Impressionists were doing, and adopted their habit of painting _en plein-air_. He was a big fan of Monet, and bought four of his works. His portrait of Monet shows he understood what was going on in French art at the time.

Sergent kept his American citizenship, and went back there four times. However, he remained living in London to the end of his life.

## Infobox (artist)

- **name**: John Singer Sargent
- **image**: Sargent, John SInger (1856-1925) - Self-Portrait 1907 b.jpg
- **image size**: 230px
- **caption**: _Self-Portrait_, 1906, oil on canvas,
Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
- **birth place**: Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany
- **death place**: London, England
- **nationality**: American (USA)
École nationale de la météorologie

**École nationale de la météorologie** (**ENM**, French Meteorology University) is a graduate engineering school in France. It has its own campus and also operates on the French Civil Aviation University campus for aviation activities.

It awards the following French & European degrees :
- Ingénieur ENM (ENM Graduate engineer Masters level program)
- Technician
- Master of Science
- Mastère Spécialisé

Classes are mainly in French language. The school has 350 students from a dozen countries. Most of the graduate engineer students live in dedicated housing buildings.

## Research labs

Research at the school relate to the following topics:
- Meteorology
- Climatology

## More reading

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: École nationale de la météorologie
- **established**: 1948
- **type**: Public, Graduate engineering school
- **students**: 350
- **city**: Toulouse
- **country**: France
- **affiliations**: Toulouse Tech
- **website**: http://www.enm.meteo.fr
Two-body problem

The **two-body problem** is a problem from classical mechanics: there are two bodies which influence each other.  Very often they attract or repel each other. In many cases they rotate. The problem uses bodies which are circles, or spheres. Solving the problem is possible for many situations, but it usually involves higher level mathematics.

## Simplification: One body has a mass that is much smaller

When one of the two bodies has a mass that is much smaller, the influence of this smaller body on the larger one is very small, and can be disregarded. In such a case, the problem can be reformulated as a one-centre problem, where there is a stationary big body in the centre, and a small body orbiting around the big one. This setting is very comon. Johannes Kepler was the first person to formulate and solve it. For this reason, it is also known as **Kepler problem**.

## General solution for the two-body problem

Isaac Newton was the first person to solve to the general two-body problem.

## Three or more bodies

Looking at the generalizations, there are two other problems which are related:
- The three-body problem (three bodies influence each other): This problem can only be solved exactly for few very special cases. It needs to be approximated for the other ones.
- The n-body problem: n bodies inflience each other: No solutions exist for the general case.
South by Southwest

**South by Southwest** (**SXSW**) is a set of festivals and conferences. They are about movies, interactive media, and music. It takes place every year in March in Austin, Texas, United States. It began in 1987. It has continued to grow in both scope and size every year.

South by Southwest is run by the company SXSW, Inc.

### SXSW Music

SXSW Music is the largest music festival in the world. It had more than 2,000 performances in 2014.

In 1987, 700 people attended the music event. In 2009, there were over 32,000 registrants.

Bands must pay for their own travel and lodging at the event. All performers get a cash payment ($100 for solo musicians or $250 for bands) or a wristband that gives them access to all music events.

#### Conference

SXSW Film Conference lasts for five days. There are speakers, workshops, mentor sessions and more, with expert filmmakers and industry leaders.

In 2015, there were over 250 sessions with 735 speakers. Important speakers in the past include Lena Dunham, Jon Favreau, Mark Duplass, Ava DuVernay, Ryan Gosling, Nicolas Cage, Alejandro Jodorowsky, Tilda Swinton, Amy Schumer, Sally Field, Joss Whedon, Christine Vachon, RZA, Matthew McConaughey, Danny Boyle, Seth MacFarlane, Catherine Hardwicke, Richard Linklater, David Gordon Green, Harmony Korine, Henry Rollins, Sarah Green and Robert Rodriguez.

#### Festival

The SXSW Film Festival runs nine days. The SXSW Film Awards is on the last day of the Film Conference.

In 2015, the SXSW Film Festival showed 150 feature movies and 106 short movies. They were selected from 7,361 submissions. Past movies that premiered at SXSW include _Furious 7_, _Neighbors_, _Chef_, _21 Jump Street_, _The Cabin in the Woods_, _Bridesmaids_ and _Insidious_, and the TV series _Girls_, _Silicon Valley_ and _Penny Dreadful_.

Although the film festival often shows independently produced movies, studios have often shown their comedies there before they are released. They do this to get an idea of how popular the movie will be in theaters.

### SXSW Interactive

SXSW Interactive is about new technology. The festival includes a trade show, speakers, parties, and a startup accelerator.  According to a festival organizer Louis Black, SXSW Interactive "has probably been the biggest of its kind in the world" since 2007.

## Other websites

- The Best of America – South By Southwest Interactive, _CounterPunch_, March 14, 2014

## Infobox (recurring event)

- **name**: South by Southwest
- **location**: Austin, Texas, U.S.
- **first**: 1987
- **founders**: Roland Swenson, Louis Jay Meyers, Louis Black, Nick Barbaro
- **dates**: March (dates vary)
- **frequency**: Annual
- **next**: 2016
- **attendance**: <small>SXSW Music: 28,119
SXSW Interactive: 30,621
SXSW Film: 16,297
SXSWEdu: 4,260
Other Exhibits/Parties: 152,000</small>
- **organized**: SXSW Inc.
- **website**: [http://sxsw.com/ sxsw.com]
Optimization (disambiguation)

**Optimization** or **optimisation** may refer to:
- Mathematical optimization, finding the best solution to a problem
- Engineering optimization
- Optimality, in economics
    - Profit
    - Utility
    - Economic efficiency
    - Pareto efficiency
- Optimization (computer science), improving software to make it work more efficiently
- Search engine optimization, improving the ranking of a website in search engine listings
Janusz Bolonek

**Januariusz Mikołaj** "**Janusz**" **Bolonek** (6 December 1938 – 2 March 2016) was a Polish Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Huta Dłutowska, Poland. He worked in diplomacy for the Pope. Among other positions, has served as nuntius in Uruguay, Bulgaria, Romania, and in North Macedonia.

Bolonek was made a priest in 1961 in Łódź, Poland. He retired as Apostolic Nuncio in 2013. He died in Łódź on 2 March 2016 of cancer. He was aged 77.
Benoît Lacroix

**Benoît Lacroix** (8 September 1915 – 2 March 2016) was a Canadian theologian, philosopher, and Dominican priest. He was a professor in Medieval studies and historian of the Mediaeval period at the Université de Montréal. He was the author of almost 50 works and a great number of articles. He was born in Saint-Michel-de-Bellechasse, Quebec.

Lacroix died in Quebec on 2 March 2016 from problems caused by pneumonia. He was 100 years old.
Ashok Ghosh

**Ashok Ghosh** (2 July 1921 – 3 March 2016) was an Indian Bengali politician. He was the senior leader of All India Forward Bloc political party. He held the position of the state general secretary of Forward Bloc in West Bengal from 1946 until his death in 2016.

Ghosh died in Kolkata from multiple organ failure on 3 March 2016. He was 94 years old.
Natalia Krachkovskaya

**Natalia Leonidovna Krachkovskaya** (, maiden name - Belogortseva, 24 November 1938 – 3 March 2016) was a Soviet and Russian actress. She was awarded the Meritorious Artist in 1998. She was born in Moscow. She became famous during the 1970s with roles in the movies _The Twelve Chairs_ and _Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future_.

Krachkovskaya died on 3 March 2016 in a hospital in Moscow from a heart attack. She was aged 77.
École nationale supérieure de Bordeaux

The **École nationale supérieure d'électronique, informatique, télécommunications, mathématiques et mécanique de Bordeaux** (ENSEIRB - MATMECA) is a graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus at Talence (West France).

It awards the following French & European degree :
- _Ingénieur ENSEIRB - MATMECA_ (ENSEIRB - MATMECA Graduate engineer Masters level program)

Classes are mainly in French and English. The school has 1200 students from a dozen nationalities. Most of the first year students at ENSEIRB-MATMECA live in dedicated housing buildings nearby research labs.

## Research labs

Research activities at ENSEIRB - MATMECA relate to the following topics:
- Mechanical engineering (I2M);
- Mathematics (IMB);
- Computer Science (LaBRI);
- Electrical & Electronic Engineering (IMS).

## More reading

- Official website

## Infobox (university)

- **name**: ENSEIRB  MATMECA
- **image**: ENSEIRB Bordeaux Février 2012.JPG
- **established**: 1920
- **type**: Public, Graduate engineering school
- **students**: 1200
- **city**: Bordeaux
- **campus**: Talence
- **country**: France
- **affiliations**: Conférence des Grandes Écoles
France AEROTECH
- **website**: http://www.enseirb-matmeca.fr/
Arjun Bijlani

**Arjun Bijlani** (born 31 October 1982) is an Indian television actor. He played Aalekh in _Right Left_ and Mayank Sharma in _Miley Jab Hum Tum_.  His other work includes _Jo Biwi Se Kare Pyaar_. In April 2015, Bijlani played Shikhar Mehra in _Meri Aashiqui Tumse Hi_. He plays the lead role of Hritikh in the television drama _Naagin_.

## History

Bijlani was born on 31 October 1982. He has appeared in many advertisements, including LG, Samsung and BPL Mobile. He has been in many music videos. He was in _Kartika_, a Disney Channel show, with Jennifer Winget. He has been in many serials, including _Miley Jab Hum Tum,Pardes Mein Mila Koi Apna_. He also hosted a show named _Road Diaries_.

## Personal life

He is married to Neha Swami and they have one children Ayaan Bijlani.

### Television

|Year|Show|Role|Source|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2004|_Kartika_|Ankush||
|2005|_Remix_|Vikram||
|2006-2008|_Left Right Left_|Alekh Sharma||
|2008|_Mohe Rang De_|Sanjay||
|2008–2010|_Miley Jab Hum Tum_|Mayank Sharma||
|2011|_Pardes Mein Mila Koi Apna_|Chandu||
|2012|_Road Dairies_|Himself(Host)||
|2012|_Teri Meri Love Stories_|Raghu||
|2013|_Kaali - Ek Punar Avatar_|Dev||
|2013|_Chintu Ban Gaya Gentleman_|||
|2013|_Jo Biwi Se Kare Pyaar_|Aditya Khanna||
|2014|_Yeh Hai Aashiqui_|Varun||
|2014-2015|_Box Cricket League_|Himself||
|2015|_CID_|Himself||
|April 2015 – 2015|_Meri Aashiqui Tumse Hi_|Shikhar Mehra||
|2015–Present|Naagin|Rithik Raheja/Prince Yuvraj Singh/Raja Sangram Singh||

### Movies

|Year|Movie|
| --- | --- |
|2012|_Full Phukre_|
|2012|_I Guess_|
|2013|_Caught in the web_|
|2016|_Direct Ishq_|

## Other websites

- Arjun Bijlani Official website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Arjun Bijlani
- **image**: Arjun Bijlani.jpg
- **caption**: Arjun Bijlani
- **other names**: Jun
- **spouse**: Neha Swami
- **children**: Ayaan Bijlani
- **birth place**: Mumbai, India
- **nationality**: Sindhi people, Sindhi India, Indian
- **years active**: 2004-present
- **occupation**: Actor
Torres Strait Islands

The **Torres Strait Islands** are a group of at least 274 small islands in the Torres Strait. Most of the islands are part of the state of Queensland, Australia. A small number are part of Papua New Guinea.

The indigenous people of the islands are Torres Strait Islanders. In 2011, the population was 4,248. The island with the most people is Thursday Island.
Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Adopted on March 30, 1870, the **Fifteenth Amendment** (**Amendment XV**) to the United States Constitution granted African-American men the right to vote. It was one of the Reconstruction Amendments.

## Background

Nowhere in the original Constitution or the Bill of Rights were Americans given the right to vote. The Fifteenth Amendment gave African-American men the right to vote. But not until the 1960s did judicial interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment conclude the right to vote was a fundamental right of all citizens.

The reasons behind the omissions of voting rights in the Bill of Rights and Constitution is that including them would have been too controversial at the time. Each state had different rules for who could vote. Some allowed free blacks the right to vote. Others allowed women the right to vote. A few states required ownership of property in order to vote.

In the Election of 1868, Republican Party candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, won the presidency by only a narrow majority of the popular vote. He received support from free black voters in the South. Without that support, he probably would have lost the election. At the time blacks could not vote in the Northern states. The Republican party needed help to stay in power and thought that black votes would help. At the time Republicans controlled both the Senate and House. The proposed amendment was passed by Congress in 1869 and sent to the states for ratification. It was quickly ratified by three-quarters of the states in early 1870. Part of the reason why is that Republicans also controlled the state governments in the South. Southern Democrats were not able to block the measure.

## Results

After passage, the Fifteenth Amendment did not have much of any impact on black voting in the South for nearly a century. Southerners used various methods including terrorism, poll taxes and grandfather clauses to prevent blacks from voting. Congress and the Supreme Court repeatedly struck down voting restrictions. For example, in a landmark decision in _Smith v. Allwright_ (1944), The Court decision made it unconstitutional to keep African-Americans from voting in a Democratic Party primary in Texas. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 which stated that all Americans had the right to vote, including African-Americans. But overcoming these problems on a case-by-case basis was proving to be unsuccessful. As soon as one form of discrimination was stopped, a new one appeared in its place. The Voting Rights Act of 1965, removed further barriers to minorities voting. It was amended five times by Congress to extend its protections as needed.

## Other websites

- Impact of the 13th, 14th & 15th amendment
- U.S. Constitution's Fifteenth Amendment: Removing Race Qualifications for Voting
Solar eclipses on Mars

The two moons of Mars—Phobos and Deimos—are much smaller than the Moon, greatly reducing solar eclipses on that planet.

### Phobos

Phobos is only 20 by 25 km (12 by 16 mi) and has a rapid orbital motion, so someone on Mars would only see the solar eclipse for no longer than about thirty seconds. Phobos also takes only 7 hours 39 minutes to orbit Mars, while a Martian day is 24 hours 37 minutes long, meaning that Phobos can create two eclipses per Martian day.

### Deimos

Deimos is too small, 15 by 10 km (9.3 by 6.2 mi), to cause an eclipse. The best someone on Mars would see would be a small object passing the Sun.

## View from Earth

Both moons are too small to cast a shadow on Mars that can be seen from Earth. However, since the creation of artificial satellites, the shadow of Phobos on Mars has been seen.
War of the Oranges

The **War of the Oranges**,  or the **War of the lemon** was a brief conflict in Alentejo in 1801. French and Spanish troops invaded Portugal.   Portugal was the last British ally in Europe. Napoleon and the Spanish prime minister and Generalissimo Manuel de Godoy demanded that she break her alliance with Britain. When the Portuguese refused they invaded. While laying siege to Elvas Godoy picked oranges from the outside of Elvas and sent them to the Queen of Spain, Maria Luisa, possibly his lover, with the message that he would go on to Lisbon. Thus, the conflict became known as the "War of the Oranges".

On 6 June 1801 Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Badajoz. Portugal agreed to close its ports to English ships, to give commercial concessions to France, to cede Olivenza to Spain and to pay an indemnity.
Deadpool (movie)

***Deadpool*** is a 2016 American superhero comedy movie. It is based on the Marvel Comics's character Deadpool. The movie was directed by Tim Miller and it was produced by Simon Kinberg, Ryan Reynolds, and Lauren Shuler Donner. It was Miller's first movie as a director. A sequel movie titled _Deadpool 2_ was released in 2018.

_Deadpool_ was first premiered at Le Grand Rex in Paris on February 8, 2016. It was released in North America on February 12, 2016. Principal photography for the movie started in Vancouver on March 23, 2015 and ended on May 29, 2015.

## Plot

Wade Wilson (Ryan Reynolds) is a former Special Forces operative who now works as a mercenary. His world comes crashing down when evil scientist Ajax (Ed Skrein) tortures, disfigures and transforms him into Deadpool. The rogue experiment leaves Deadpool with accelerated healing powers and a twisted sense of humor. With help from mutant allies Colossus and Negasonic Teenage Warhead (Brianna Hildebrand), Deadpool uses his new skills to hunt down the man who nearly destroyed his life.

## Cast

- Ryan Reynolds as Wade Wilson / Deadpool
- Morena Baccarin as Vanessa Wilson (the wife of Wade Wilson / Deadpool)
- Ed Skrein as Francis Freeman / Ajax
- T. J. Miller as Weasel
- Gina Carano as Angel Dust
- Brianna Hildebrand as Negasonic Teenage Warhead
- Stefan Kapičić as Pietr Rasputin / Colossus
- Karan Soni as Dopinder

## Reception

The movie got positive reviews from critics and audiences. It has a 83% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Peter Travers of _Rolling Stone_ said that the movie was "party time for action junkies" and also that Reynolds may have found the role that defines his career.

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Deadpool
- **director**: Tim Miller (director), Tim Miller
- **producer**: Simon Kinberg
Ryan Reynolds
Lauren Shuler Donner
- **writer**: Rhett Reese
Paul Wernick
- **starring**: Ryan Reynolds
Morena Baccarin
Ed Skrein
T. J. Miller
Gina Carano
Brianna Hildebrand
Stefan Kapičić
- **music**: Tom Holkenborg
- **cinematography**: Ken Seng
- **editing**: Julian Clarke
- **studio**: Marvel Entertainment
The Donners' Company
Genre Films
- **distributor**: 20th Century Fox
- **released**: February 8, 2016
(Le Grand Rex premiere)
February 12, 2016
(United States)
- **runtime**: 108 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: United States dollar, $58 million
- **gross**: $623.6 million
Bud Collins

**Arthur Worth "Bud" Collins, Jr.** (June 17, 1929 – March 4, 2016) was an American journalist and television sportscaster. He was best known for his tennis commentary. Collins was born in Lima, Ohio. For several years with the _Boston Globe_, he was a general and political columnist. In 1967, he was a candidate for mayor of Boston.

Collins died on March 4, 2016 in Brookline, Massachusetts. He was aged 86.

## Other websites

- Bud Collins WGBH Alumni Profile
- Interview with Tennis-Prose spanning the life and career of Bud Collins

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Bud Collins
- **image**: Bud Collins on May 2008 in NY.jpg
- **image size**: 220px
- **birth place**: Lima, Ohio, U.S.
- **death place**: Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **occupation**: Sports columnist
 Color commentator, TV commentator
Sophie Dessus

**Sophie Dessus** (24 September 1955 – 3 March 2016) was a French Socialist politician. She was born in Suresnes, France. She represented Corrèze's First Constituency in the National Assembly, the first woman to represent Corrèze in the National Assembly. She served from 20 June 2012 until her death in 3 March 2016.

Dessus died in Limoges, France of cancer on 3 March 2016. She was aged 60.

## Other websites

- Dessus's official website
Abbas Vaez-Tabasi

Ayatollah **Abbas Vaez Tabasi** (, 25 June 1935 – 4 March 2016) was an Iranian cleric. He holds memberships at different institutions. He was the Grand Imam and Chairman of the Astan Quds Razavi board from 1979 until his death in 2016. He was born in Tabas, Mashhad.

Tabasi died from respiratory failure in Mashhad, Iran on 4 March 2016. He had lung cancer. Tabasi was aged 80.

## Other websites

- Official Website
- BBC article about Naser Vaez-Tabasi

## Infobox (person)

- **era**: Modern era
- **name**: **Ayatollah Abbas Vaez-Tabasi**
- **title**: Ayatollah
- **image**: Abbas Vaez-Tabasi - oepning of Dar ul Marhama portico - Holy shrine of Imam Reza - Mashhad (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Tabasi in 2014
- **birth place**: Tabas, Mashhad, Iran
- **death place**: Mashhad, Iran
- **nationality**: Iranian
- **spouse**: Zahra Tabasi
- **children**: Naser
Mostafa
Maedeh
P. A. Sangma

**Purno Agitok (P. A.) Sangma** (1 September 1947 – 4 March 2016) was an Indian politician. He was born in Assam, India. He served as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 1996 to 1998 and Chief Minister of Meghalaya from 1988 to 1990.

Sangma died on 4 March 2016 in New Delhi, India from a heart attack. He was aged 68.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **office**: Speaker of the Lok Sabha
- **image**: The former Lok Sabha Speaker Shri P.A. Sangma met the Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee in New Delhi on January 18, 2004 (cropped).png
- **predecessor1**: Williamson A. Sangma, Williamson Sangma
- **successor1**: B.B. Lyngdoh, Brington Buhai Lyngdoh
- **birth name**: Purno Agitok Sangma
- **birth date**: 1 September 1947
- **birth place**: Chapahathi, Garo Hills District, Assam, Dominion of India, India (now in West Garo Hills District, Meghalaya)
- **death place**: New Delhi
- **otherparty**: Independent (politician), Independent
 Nationalist Congress Party

All India Trinamool Congress
 Indian National Congress
- **alma mater**: National Institute of Technolog Patna
- **term start**: 25 May 1996
- **term end**: 23 March 1998
- **term start1**: 6 February 1988
- **term end1**: 25 March 1990
- **term end2**: 1989
- **term start3**: 1991
- **term end3**: 20 March 2008
- **predecessor3**: Sanford Marak
- **term start4**: May 2014
- **term end4**: M