Bánica

The Dominican city of **San Francisco de Bánica**, or simply **Bánica**, is a municipality of the Elías Piña province, on the border with Haiti and near the River Artibonite.

## Origin of name

The name Bánica comes from the Taíno name of the region, **Banique** ("land of ebony trees").

## Population

The municipality had, in 2010, a total population of 2,112: 1,043 men and 1,069 women. The urban population was  of the total population.

## History

The town was founded in 1504 by Diego Velázquez, who later went to conquest the island of Cuba, on the left side of the Artibonite river. It was an important town in those years but later it lost its importance. In the 18th century, the Spanish government moved the city to its present place, away from the river, and brought families from the Canary Islands to live there.

When the Haitian independence, most of the people moved to other places. When the Haitians occupied the eastern part of the island (the present Dominican Republic), they founded again the town as part of the Artibonite department.

After the Dominican Independence in 1844, the town was made a municipality of the Azua province. But again the town was abandoned by its inhabitants. After the "Restoration War" (1863 - 1865), some families from other towns near the Haitian border came to live in Bánica.

Bánica was made a municipality of the San Juan province in 1938 and then, in 1942, of the new province of Elías Piña.

## Geography

Bánica is at  to the west of Santo Domingo and  to the northeast of Comendador.

The limits of the municipality are the municipality of Pedro Santana to the north, the San Juan province to the east, the municipality of Comendador to the south and Haiti to the west.

The average daily temperature in the city is 25.4 °C.

## Administrative division

The municipality of Bánica has two municipal districts; these are:

|Code|Municipal district|Population <small>(2010)</small> !! Area <small>(km<sup>2</sup>)</small> !! Density|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|070202|Sabana Cruz|2,154|68.2||
|070203|Sabana Higüero|2,267|130.7||

## Economy

The main economic activity of the municipality is farming. Commerce with Haiti is also an important economic activity in the city.

## Places of interest

1. **Iglesia de San Francisco de Asís** (Saint Francis of Assisi Church). It is a very interesting colonial Catholic church. It is not known when it was built but in 1740 the Bishop Domingo Pantaleón Álvarez Abréu wrote that in Bánica "there is a new church".
1. **Reloj de sol** (Sundial). In one of his faces there is a date, "1795", that could be the date when it was built. There were only two sundials in the old Spanish colony: one in Santo Domingo and another in Bánica.
1. **Cerro de San Francisco** (Saint Francis Hill). It is a rocky hill at  from the city. Here there is a cave visited by many people to pray to Saint Francis; they get wet with water that falls from the top of the cave and they put limestone dust in their faces so when they get back to town they are identified by their white faces. The hill is protected by law because here there is the only wild population of _Pereskia marcanoi_, a cactus with leaves and beautiful small purple flowers; its common name is _Rosa de Bánica_ ("Bánica Rose").

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Bánica
- **official name**: San Francisco de Bánica
- **settlement type**: Municipality
- **pushpin map**: Dominican Republic
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision type1**: Provinces of the Dominican Republic, Province
- **subdivision name1**: Elías Piña Province, Elías Piña
- **established title**: Founded
- **established date**: 1504
- **established title2**: Municipality since
- **established date2**:
1844
- **parts type**: Provinces of the Dominican Republic, Municipal Districts
- **parts style**: para
- **p1**: Sabana Cruz, Elías Piña, Sabana Cruz
- **p2**: Sabana Higüero, Elías Piña, Sabana Higüero
- **area total km2**: 67.3
- **elevation m**: 287
- **population total**: 2,112
- **population as of**: 2010
- **total type**: Total
- **population urban**: 1479
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population demonym**: Baniquero
(female, baniquera)
- **timezone**: Atlantic Standard Time Zone, AST
- **utc offset**: -4
- **timezone dst**: Atlantic Standard Time Zone, AST
- **utc offset dst**: -4
- **blank name sec1**: Distance:
- **blank info sec1**: to Comendador, Elías Piña, Comendador