juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Regional lockout

**Regional lockout** is something used to prevent the playing of media for device, sold in another country. It can be programming practice, code, chip, or physical barrier. Regional lockout may be used in movies, video games and computer printers. The DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and UMD media formats all support the use of region coding

## Related pages

- 10NES
- NTSC
- PAL region
10NES

The **10NES** system is a lock-out system. It was designed for North American and European versions of the Nintendo Entertainment System video game console. It is used to prevent pirated games and games from other regions to be played, but various companies found ways to bypass the authorization chip.

## Related pages

- Regional lockout
Wastebasket taxon

A **wastebasket taxon**  is a term used by biologists for a taxon which has organisms that do not fit anywhere else.

Species or groups are put in the wastebasket taxon when they do not fit into one of the regular taxa. Regular taxa are supposed to be monophyletic. By definition, wastebasket taxa are either paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Their name may still be very useful to biologists, because its members may be an important evolutionary grade. Antelopes are a group which is ecologically very important, and have many similar features. However, they are not monophyletic. Species are called 'antelopes' if they look like one.

Invertebrates are often called the "everything-else" category, meaning all animals without backbones. Little-known fossil groups are sometimes later found to be wastebasket taxa. The crocodile-like Triassic group Rauisuchia is an example.

Loosely related animals often look rather alike. This is because they adapt to similar environments. This leads to convergent evolution.
Thomas Brisbane

Sir **Thomas Makdougall Brisbane** (July 23, 1773 – January 27, 1860) was the sixth Governor of New South Wales. Brisbane was very interested in astronomy and brought two assistant astronomers to Australia with him. When he went back to England, he left his books, telescopes and other equipment behind as gift, and these were the beginnings of the Sydney Observatory.

The Brisbane River was named after Sir Thomas, and the capital city of Queensland, takes its name from the river.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **honorific-prefix**: Sir
- **name**: Thomas Brisbane
- **image**: Thomasbrisbane.jpg
- **imagesize**: 240px
- **caption**: Sir Thomas Brisbane
- **order**: 6th
- **office**: Governor of New South Wales
- **term start**: 1 December 1821
- **term end**: 1 December 1825
- **predecessor**: Lachlan Macquarie
- **successor**: Ralph Darling
- **birth place**: Largs, Ayrshire, Scotland
- **death place**: Largs, Ayrshire, Scotland
- **spouse**: Anna Maria Makdougall
- **occupation**: Soldier
The Brown Bunny

***The Brown Bunny*** is an explicit 2003 drama movie. It stars Vincent Gallo and Chloë Sevigny. Gallo wrote, produced and directed it. It was unrated when released but is extremely similar to an NC-17. It was controversial at the time of its release.

## Cast

- Vincent Gallo as Bud Clay
- Chloë Sevigny as Daisy
- Cheryl Tiegs as Lilly
- Elizabeth Blake as Rose
- Anna Vareschi as Violet
- Mary Morasky as Mrs. Lemon
- Rick Doucette (_uncredited_) as Featured racer

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: The Brown Bunny
- **director**: Vincent Gallo
- **producer**: Vincent Gallo
- **writer**: Vincent Gallo
- **cinematography**: Vincent Gallo
- **editing**: Vincent Gallo
- **studio**: Wild Bunch (film company), Wild Bunch
Vincent Gallo, Vincent Gallo Productions
- **distributor**: Wellspring Media
- **language**: English
- **gross**: $402,599
Andreas Vesalius

**Andreas Vesalius** (31 December 1514 – 15 October 1564) was a Flemish anatomist, physician, and author.  He wrote one of the most influential books on human anatomy, _De humani corporis fabrica_ (_On the Fabric of the Human Body_). Vesalius is often called the founder of modern human anatomy. Vesalius is the Latinized form of **Andries van Wesel**. He is sometimes also called **Andreas Vesal**, **André Vesalio** and **Andre Vesale**.

Anatomies had been published before, but those of Vesalius were in a different class. They were based on actual dissections of human bodies (after death). And the drawings were artwork of the highest class.

Dissections of cadavers (dead human bodies) was forbidden for many centuries, and this limited previous work on anatomy. Before Vesalius, most information about the human body came from Galen.  By dissecting human bodies, Vesalius showed that many of the things Galen wrote about were wrong. Galen was primarily misinformed about the human heart, liver and lower jaw bone. It was found that Galen's work was based on Barbary apes, but he also dissected pigs, which led to even more inaccurate observations.

Vesalius was invited to be the Imperial physician of Emperor Charles V.  After the abdication of Emperor Charles V he continued at court in great favour with the Emperor's son Philip II.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Andreas Vesalius
- **image**: File:Vesalius Portrait pg xii - c.png
- **caption**: A portrait of Vesalius from _De humani corporis fabrica_
- **birth place**: Brussels, Habsburg Netherlands
<small>(modern-day Belgium)</small>
- **death place**: Zakynthos, Venetian Ionian Islands
<small>(modern-day Greece)</small>
- **alma mater**: University of Pavia
University of Padua
- **thesis title**: Paraphrasis in nonum librum Rhazae medici Arabis clarissimi ad regem Almansorem, de affectuum singularum corporis partium curatione
- **thesis url**: https://archive.org/details/paraphrasisinno00vesagoog
- **thesis year**: 1537
- **doctoral advisor**: Johann Winter, Johannes Winter von Andernach
 Gemma Frisius
- **doctoral students**: Matteo Realdo Colombo
- **known for**: _De humani corporis fabrica_ or "the structure of the human body"
- **influences**: Galen
 Jacques Dubois
 Jean Fernel
- **influenced**: Gabriele Falloppio
- **field**: Anatomy
Rembert Dodoens

**Rembert Dodoens** (29 June 1517 – 10 March 1585) was a Flemish physician and botanist.  He is also known by his Latinized name **Rembertus Dodonaeus**.

## Biography

Dodoens was born in Mechelen.  In 1530 he began his studies in medicine, cosmography and geography at the University of Leuven. He graduated in 1535. He became a physician in Mechelen in 1538. He married Kathelijne De Bruyn(e) in 1539. He had a short stay in Basel (1542–1546). He turned down a chair at the University of Leuven in 1557. He also turned down an offer to become court physician of emperor Philip II of Spain. He became the court physician of the Austrian emperor Rudolph II in Vienna (1575–1578). He then became professor in medicine at the University of Leiden in 1582, and remained there until his death.

Dodoens wrote _Cruydeboeck_  in 1554. In his times, it was the most translated book after the Bible. It became a work of worldwide renown, used as a reference book for two centuries.

The plant genus _Dodonaea_ was named after him by Carolus Linnaeus.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Rembert Dodoens
- **image**: Rembert Dodoens01.jpg
- **image size**: frameless
- **caption**: Rembert Dodoens
- **birth place**: Mechelen
- **death place**: Leyden
- **occupation**: physician and botanist
- **spouse**: Kathelijne de Bruyn(e)
Good Will Hunting

***Good Will Hunting*** is a 1997 American drama movie directed by Gus Van Sant, written by Matt Damon and Ben Affleck, and stars Robin Williams, Damon (who played Will Hunting), Affleck, Stellan Skarsgård and Minnie Driver. Filming in Boston, Massachusetts. it was released on December 5, 1997.

## Infobox (movie)

- **name**: Good Will Hunting
- **caption**: Theatrical release poster
- **director**: Gus Van Sant
- **producer**: Lawrence Bender
- **writer**: Ben Affleck
Matt Damon
- **starring**: Matt Damon
Robin Williams
Ben Affleck
Stellan Skarsgård
Minnie Driver
- **music**: Danny Elfman
- **cinematography**: Jean-Yves Escoffier
- **editing**: Pietro Scalia
- **studio**: A Band Apart
Lawrence Bender Productions
- **distributor**: Miramax Films
- **runtime**: 126 minutes
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **budget**: $10 million
- **gross**: $225,933,435
San Miguel River (Ecuador)

**San Miguel River** is a river in Ecuador and Peru. It forms an international border between the two countries.

## References

- Army Corps of Engineers (1998). _Water Resources Assessment of Ecuador_
- St. John, Ronald Bruce (1994). _The Boundary Between Ecuador and Peru_ (Boundary and Territory Briefing). International Boundaries Research Unit.
Mock the Week

***Mock the Week*** is a British topical celebrity comedy panel game. It was created by Dan Patterson and Mark Leveson. It is presented by Dara Ó Briain. It began on 5 June 2005 and is shown BBC Two. Two teams of three celebrities compete to answer questions about events during the past week. Its current regular panel member is comedian Hugh Dennis. Comedians Chris Addison, Rory Bremner, Frankie Boyle, Russell Howard and Andy Parsons previously served as regular panel members.

## Other websites

- Official website
Quasi-War

The **Quasi-War** was an undeclared naval war fought between the United States and the French Republic between 1798 and 1801.

## Infobox (military conflict)

- **conflict**: Quasi-War
- **partof**: French Revolutionary Wars
- **image**: USS Constellation.jpg
- **caption**: USS _Constellation_ served with distinction in the Quasi-War
- **date**: 1798–1800
- **place**: Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea
- **result**: End of French privateer attacks on U.S. shipping; U.S. neutrality and renunciation of claims against France, Convention of 1800
- **combatant1**: United States
- **combatant2**: First French Republic, French Republic
- **commander1**: John Adams
George Washington
Benjamin Stoddert
Alexander Hamilton
- **commander2**: Paul Barras
Napoléon Bonaparte
Edme Étienne Borne Desfourneaux
Victor Hugues
- **strength1**: A fleet of 54 including:
18 Frigates
4 Sloops
2 Brigs
3 Schooners
5,700 Sailors
365 privateers
- **strength2**: Unknown
- **casualties1**: 20 dead
42 wounded
300+ merchantmen and their cargoes captured
1 Privateer captured
- **casualties2**: More than 100 privateer warships captured
The road to hell is paved with good intentions

**The road to hell is paved with good intentions** is an idiom or proverb. It is about the difference between what someone intends to do and the outcome of their actions.  In other words, the consequences of one's actions can be awful and tragic instead of the good intentions that lead one to do them. This can be the result of poor planning.

## History

In the mid-12th century, Bernard of Clairvaux wrote, "_L'enfer est plein de bonnes volontés et désirs_" (hell is full of good wishes and desires).   The sentence has been repeated many times in other languages and contexts.

In 1775, Samuel Johnson commented on "the unhappy failure of pious resolves" when he is reported saying, "Sir, hell is paved with good intentions."

## Select examples

- _This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it._
- **1631**: George Herbert wrote in _Jacula Prudentum_, "Hell is full of good meanings and wishings."
- **1825**: Walter Scott wrote in a letter to Miss Joauna Baillie, "I well intended to have written from Ireland, but alas! as some stern old divine says, " Hell is paved with good intentions" ... and so all my epistolary good intentions are gone to Macadamise, I suppose, "the burning marle" of the infernul regions."
- **1857**: George John Whyte-Melville wrote in _The Interpreter_, "... if hell be paved with good intentions, it might be roofed with lost opportunities."
- **1942**: C. S. Lewis explained in _The Screwtape Letters_, "The safest road to hell is the gradual one – the gentle slope, soft underfoot, without sudden turnings, without milestones, without signposts.”
- Friedrich Hölderlin,  "What has always made the state a hell on earth has been precisely that man has tried to make it heaven."

## Related pages

- Unintended consequences

## References

de:Liste geflügelter Worte/D#Der Weg zur Hölle ist mit guten Vorsätzen gepflastert
Heckler & Koch G11

**G11** is a German assault rifle. It was invented by Heckler & Koch in the years between 1968 and 1990. It is able to shoot in semi automatic, or single shot, 3 round burst, or full auto. The magazine held 45 or 50  of the 4,73mm caseless rounds. The German army (Bundeswehr) and the US Army tested the weapon but they didn't want it because it was too expensive after the Cold War. So it stayed to be a prototype and never got into mass production.

## Infobox (weapon)

- **name**: Heckler & Koch G11
- **image**: Gewehr G11 sk.jpg
- **caption**: G11
- **type**: Assault rifle (G11)
Light machine gun (LMG11)
Personal defense weapon (G11 PDW)
- **is ranged**: yes
- **designer**: Heckler & Koch
- **variants**: Assault Rifle
Light Machine Gun (LMG11)
Personal Defence Weapon (G11 PDW)
- **weight**: 3.6 kg (8.0 lb) empty, 4.3 kg (9.5 lb) loaded
- **length**: 750 mm (29.5 in)
- **part length**: 540 mm (155 mm per twist)
- **cartridge**: <li>4.73x33mm caseless ammunition (DM11): G11 K2, LMG11
<li>4.7x2mm, 4.3mm, 4.9mm for other G11 prototypes
<li>4.73x25mm caseless: G11 PDW
- **action**: Gas operated, rotary breech (for G11 series), select fire
- **rate**: <li>460 rounds/min (_full auto_)  <li>2000 rounds/min (_3-round burst_)
- **velocity**: Approx. 930 m/s (3,050 ft/s)
- **range**: 400 m
- **feed**: 45 or 50-round detachable box magazine (firearm), magazine
- **sights**: Integrated optical sight
Rate of fire

**Rate of fire** is how fast a weapon can fire or launch its projectiles. It is usually measured in rounds per minute (RPM or round/min), or per second (RPS or round/s). Pistols usually have a very slow RPM, which large machine guns may get up to 1000 RPM. The _M61 Vulcan_, a gatling-gun, could fire around 6000 RPM in tests.
The Death of Socrates (painting)

***The Death of Socrates*** () is a 1787 oil on canvas painting by the French painter Jacques-Louis David.

It shows the death of Greek philosopher Socrates.  He was sentenced to die by drinking hemlock.  He was sentenced to die because his ideas were against those of Athens.  It was also for corrupting the minds of the youth. The painting also shows both Crito and Plato.  Crito is sitting sadly at the edge of the bed.  Plato is holding the knee of Socrates.  Socrates had the choice to go into exile or be sentenced to death by drinking hemlock. Socrates chose death. In this painting, a red-robed disciple hands a confident Socrates the goblet of hemlock. Socrates' hand pointing to the heavens is his love of the gods and fearless attitude to his death.

This painting is currently at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

## Other websites

- _Europe in the age of enlightenment and revolution_, a catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on this painting (see index)
- _The Death of Socrates_  on Google Art Project

## Infobox (artwork)

- **image file**: David - The Death of Socrates.jpg
- **image size**: 350px
- **title**: The Death of Socrates
- **artist**: Jacques-Louis David
- **medium**: Oil on canvas
- **height metric**: 129.5
- **width metric**: 196.2
- **metric unit**: cm
- **imperial unit**: in
- **city**: New York City, New York
- **museum**: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Ernest Solvay

**Ernest Gaston Joseph Solvay** (16 April 1838 – 26 May 1922) was a Belgian chemist, industrialist, politician and philanthropist.

In 1861, he made the ammonia-soda process to make soda ash.  The process was an improvement over the earlier Leblanc process.

He founded the company Solvay & Cie.  The first factory was at Couillet in 1863. Soon, Solvay process plants were in the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and Austria. Today, about 70 Solvay process plants are still working worldwide.

In 1903, he founded the Solvay Business School which is part of the Free University of Brussels.

He elected two times to the Belgian Senate. He was Minister of State at the end of his life. Solvay, New York and Rosignano Solvay, the locations of the first Solvay process plants in the United States and in Italy, are named after him.

Solvay died at Ixelles.

## Infobox (scientist)

- **name**: Ernest Solvay Mauro
- **image**: Ernest Solvay.jpg
- **image size**: 150px
- **caption**: Ernest Solvay (c1900)
- **birth date**: 16 April 1838
- **birth place**: Rebecq
- **death date**: 26 May 1922
- **death place**: Ixelles
- **nationality**: Belgium, Belgian
- **field**: chemistry
- **known for**: ammonia-soda process
Simon Stevin

**Simon Stevin** (1548/49 – 1620) was a Flemish mathematician and military engineer. He translated many mathematical terms into Dutch.

Stevin was born in Bruges, Flanders (now Belgium) around the year 1548.  It is thought that Simon was a Calvinist.  Very little has been recorded about his life. It is known that he left a widow with two children.

In Bruges there is a Simon Stevin Square which has his statue by Eugène Simonis.
Zenobe Gramme

**Zénobe Théophile Gramme** (4 April 1826, Amay – 20 January 1901) was a Belgian electrical engineer. He invented the Gramme machine.

The Gramme machine was a type of direct current dynamo.  It made smoother (less AC) and much higher voltage<nowiki/>s than other dynamos.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Zénobe Gramme
- **image**: Zénobe Gramme 1893.jpg
- **image size**: 250px
- **caption**: Zénobe Gramme in 1893
- **birth place**: Amay, Jehay-Bodegnée, Belgium
- **death place**: Bois-Colombes, France
- **resting place**: Père Lachaise Cemetery
- **nationality**: Belgium, Belgian
- **known for**: Gramme dynamo
- **occupation**: electrical engineer
Gramme machine

A **Gramme machine**, **Gramme ring**, **Gramme magneto**, or **Gramme dynamo** is an electrical generator that makes direct current. It is named for its Belgian inventor, Zénobe Gramme. It was the first generator to make enough power for industry.  Gramme showed this machine to the Academy of Sciences in Paris in 1871.
Russell Brand's Ponderland

***Russell Brand's Ponderland*** is a British comedy television programme. It is presented by Russell Brand and was first shown on Channel 4 in 2007 and 2008. Brand talks about a different topic in each episode, showing clips of archive footage and commenting on them.
Bakelite

**Bakelite**, or **polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride**, is an early plastic. It is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from an elimination reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. It was made in 1907 by Belgian chemist Leo Baekeland.

Bakelite was used for its electrically nonconductivity and heat-resistant properties in electrical insulators, radio and telephone casings.  It was also in products as kitchenware, jewelry, pipe stems, and children's toys.
Phil Esposito

**Philip Anthony Esposito**, OC  (born February 20, 1942 ) is a Canadian of Italian heritage, and a former Canadian professional ice hockey centre. Born in Canada, he made his home in the USA where his sporting career was based. He played 18 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks, Boston Bruins and New York Rangers. He is an Honoured Member of the Hockey Hall of Fame.  It is said he is one of the best players in the National Hockey League. Phil is the older brother of Tony Esposito.  Tony is a goaltender and he is also a Hall-of-Famer.

In 1972, Phil Esposito captained the Canadian team for the eight-match "Summit Series" which pitted them against the Soviet Union. The Canadians unexpectedly lost the first game held in Montreal. When they lost game four, Phil Esposito was interviewed on the ice rink afterwards, berating the fans for turning on their team. The Canadian team went on to win the series thanks to a goal by Paul Henderson in the last minute of the final game. The series involved multiple incidents of unsportsmanlike play from both sides, including the notorious incident in game seven when the Canadian player, Bobby Clarke, deliberately slashed the Soviet player Valeri Kharlamov (no. 17), breaking a bone in his ankle. Kharlamov's career, and the super series have been dramatized in the film Legend No. 17.

After retiring as a player, Esposito was head coach and general manager for the New York Rangers.  Then he started the Tampa Bay Lightning. He worked for the NHL on Fox from 1995 to 1998. He is now Tampa Bay's radio announcer.

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image**: Philip Esposito, February 2012.jpeg
- **position**: Centre (ice hockey), Centre
- **played for**: New York Rangers
Boston Bruins
Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Black Hawks
- **shoots**: Left
- **height ft**: 6
- **height in**: 1
- **weight lb**: 205
- **ntl team**: Canada
- **birth place**: Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, ON, Canada, CAN
- **career start**: 1963
- **career end**: 1981
- **halloffame**: 1984
Leo Baekeland

**Leo Hendrik Baekeland** (Ghent , November 14, 1863 – February 23, 1944) was a Belgian chemist.  He invented Velox photographic paper (1893).  He also made Bakelite (1907), an inexpensive, nonflammable, versatile, and popular plastic, which marks the beginning of the modern plastics industry.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Leo Hendrik Baekeland
- **image**: Leo Hendrik Baekeland, 1916.jpg
- **image size**: 215px
- **caption**: (1863–1944)
- **birth date**: November 14, 1863
- **birth place**: Ghent, Belgium
- **death place**: Beacon, New York, USA
- **known for**: plastics research, Bakelite, Novolac
- **awards**: John Scott Medal (1910)
- **occupation**: chemist/inventor
Treaty of Paris (1763)

The **Treaty of Paris**, often called the **Peace of Paris**, or the **Treaty of 1763**, was signed on 10 February 1763, by the Kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. It ended the Seven Years' War, which is known as the French and Indian War in North America. The British won the war against France and Spain.

The treaty gave control of the northern part of North America in what is now Canada to Britain. France was left with only two small islands, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, for its cod fishery.

The treaty started an era of British power outside Europe.  The treaty did not include either Prussia or Austria, which signed the separate Treaty of Hubertusburg five days later.
Masayuki Ishikawa

is a manga artist from Japan. He is from Osaka.

## Works

- Moyasimon: Tales of Agriculture
Chemical database

A **chemical database** is a database specifically designed to store chemical information. This information is about chemical and crystal structures, spectra, reactions and syntheses, and thermophysical data.

## Chemical structures

Chemical structures are usually shown using lines (that indicate chemical bonds between atoms) and drawn on paper. Computer search algorithm and storage cannot use this method. Small molecules or ligands, are usually represented using lists of atoms and their connections. Large molecules like protein are shown using their building blocks, amino acids and the order of these.

Large chemical databases for structures allow users to store and search for millions of molecules. Therefore, they take up terabytes of memory.

## Literature

Chemical literature connect structures or properties of chemicals to academic papers or patents related to them. Examples of this type are STN, Scifinder, and Reaxys.

## Crystallography

Crystallography databases store x-ray crystal structure data.  Common examples include Protein Data Bank, Cambridge Structural Database, and COD+ Database  .

## NMR spectra

NMR spectroscopy databases provide information to relate structure and NMR data.  They have information on FTIR and mass spectrometry which help in characterization.

## Reactions

Most chemical databases store information on stable molecules. In some databases, information about reaction intermediates and temporarily created products are also stored. Reaction databases contain information about products, educts, and reaction mechanisms.

## Thermophysical

Thermophysical data are information about
- phase equilibria such as vapor–liquid equilibrium, solubility of gases in liquids, liquids in solids (SLE), heats of mixing, vaporization, and fusion.
- caloric data like heat capacity, heat of formation and combustion,
- transport properties like viscosity and thermal conductivity
Lantian County

**Lantian County** (, pinyin:Lántián Xiàn) is a county of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It is in the southeast part of Xi'an. Qinling Mountains is south of it. It covers . As of November 2010, 514,026 people lived there. It is famous for Lantian jade. Its main work is agriculture and tourism.
Jamshedpur

**Jamshedpur** is a city of the Indian state of Jharkhand.  It has the most people of any city in Jharkhand.  According to the 2011 census of India, the Jamshedpur has a population of 1,337,131.  The city was founded by the late Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata. It is also called _Steel City_, _TataNagar_ or simply _Tata_.

It is on the Chota Nagpur plateau and is surrounded by the picturesque Dalma Hills. The city is bordered by the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai on the north and west parts of the city.

The largest factory is that of Tata Steel.  It is almost at the center of the city. Tata Steel is the largest iron and steel producing plant in India, as well as the oldest.  The other major factory in the city is Tata Motors.  They make heavy vehicles and construction/earth moving equipment.

Jamshedpur has a high literacy rate, close to the highest in India. The Steel City has 183 schools and 13 colleges.

## List of notable people from Jamshedpur

- Actor R. Madhavan
- Miss India World 2000; Miss World 2000 and Bollywood actress Priyanka Chopra
- Miss India Universe 2004 Top 10 Bollywood Actress Tanushree Dutta
- Imtiaz Ali, Hindi film director
- Indian national cricket team players Saurabh Tiwary and Varun Aaron.
- Arjun Munda former Chief Minister of Jharkhand
- Allama Arshadul Qaudri Author and spiritual leader
- Thakur ji pathak Indian activist politicain,bussnuisman

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: Jamshedpur
- **native name lang**: hi
- **other name**: Tata Nagar
- **settlement type**: Metropolitan City
- **image skyline**: Jamshedpur image collection.jpg
- **pushpin map**: India Jharkhand
- **pushpin label position**: right
- **subdivision type**: Country
- **subdivision name**: India
- **subdivision type1**: States and territories of India, State
- **subdivision name1**: Jharkhand
- **subdivision type2**: List of districts of India, District
- **subdivision name2**: East Singhbhum
- **leader title**: MP
- **leader name**: Vidyutvaran Mahato
- **leader title2**: 14th Lok Sabha, Parliamentary constituency
- **leader name2**: Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency), Jamshedpur
- **leader title3**: Vidhan Sabha, Assembly constituency
- **leader name3**: Jamshedpur East (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Jamshedpur East
Jamshedpur West (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Jamshedpur West
- **unit pref**: Metric
- **area total km2**: 149.23
- **elevation m**: 159
- **population total**: 1,337,131 (Urban Agglomeration, UA)
- **population as of**: 2011 census
- **population density km2**: 1,404
- **demographics type1**: Languages
- **demographics1 title1**: Official
- **demographics1 info1**: Hindi language, Hindi, Santali language, Santali
- **timezone1**: Indian Standard Time, IST
- **utc offset1**: +5:30
- **area code type**: Telephone code
- **area code**: 0657
- **registration plate**: BR 16 (discontinued), JH 05
Sean Young

**Sean Young** (born November 20, 1959) is an American actress. She had many roles in 1980s movies. Young was born in Louisville, Kentucky.

## Filmography

|Year|Film|Role|Notes|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1980|_Jane Austen in Manhattan_|Ariadne Charlton||
|1981|_Stripes_|Louise Cooper||
|1982|_Blade Runner_|Rachael||
|_Young Doctors in Love_|Dr. Stephanie Brody|||
|1984|_Dune_|Chani||
|1985|_Baby: Secret of the Lost Legend_|Susan Matthews-Loomis||
|1986|_Under the Biltmore Clock_|Myra Harper||
|1987|_No Way Out_|Susan Atwell||
|_Wall Street_|Kate Gekko|||
|1988|_The Boost_|Linda Brown||
|1989|_Cousins_|Tish Kozinski||
|1990|_Fire Birds_|Billie Lee Guthrie||
|1991|_A Kiss Before Dying_|Dorothy/Ellen Carlsson||
|1992|_Forever_|Mary Miles Minter||
|_Love Crimes_|Dana Greenway|||
|_Once Upon a Crime_|Phoebe|||
|_Blue Ice_|Stacy Mansdorf|||
|_Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me_|Twinkle|||
|1993|_Even Cowgirls Get the Blues_|Marie Barth||
|_Fatal Instinct_|Lola Cain|||
|1994|_Bolt_|Patty Deerheart|Direct-to-video|
|_Ace Ventura: Pet Detective_|Lt. Lois Einhorn / Ray Finkle|||
|_Model by Day_|Mercedes|||
|1995|_Mirage_|Jennifer Gale||
|_Dr. Jekyll and Ms. Hyde_|Helen Hyde|||
|1996|_The Proprietor_|Virginia Kelly||
|1997|_Exception to the Rule_|Angela Bayer||
|_The Invader_|Annie Neilsen|||
|_Men_|Stella James|||
|_The Dog of Flanders_|Sister Alois|English version||
|1998|_Out of Control_|Lena||
|1999|_Motel Blue_|Lana Hawking||
|2000|_Poor White Trash_|Linda Bronco||
|_The Amati Girls_|Christine|||
|2001|_Sugar & Spice_|Mrs. Hill||
|_Mockingbird Don't Sing_|Dr. Judy Bingham|||
|_Night Class_|Claire Sherwood|||
|2002|_Aftermath_|Rachel Anderson||
|_The House Next Door_|Monica|||
|_Threat of Exposure_|Dr. Daryl Sheleigh|||
|2004|_A Killer Within_|Rebecca "Becky" Terrill||
|_Until the Night_|Cosma|||
|__|Samantha|||
|2005|_Ghosts Never Sleep_|Rebecca||
|_Headspace_|Mother|||
|2006|_The Drop_|Ivy||
|_The Garden_|Miss Grace Chapman|||
|_Living the Dream_|Brenda|||
|2008|_The Man Who Came Back_|Kate||
|_Parasomnia_|Madeline Volpe|||
|_Haunted Echoes_|Laura|Direct-to-video||
|_Harvest Moon_|Meg|||
|2012|_Attack of the 50 Foot Cheerleader_|Brenda Stratford||
|_The Black Dove_|Bonnie Williams|||
|2013|_Jug Face_|Loriss||
|_Send No Flowers_|Toni|||
|_Gingerclown_|Nelly the Spiderwoman|Voice||
|2014|_My Trip Back to the Dark Side_|Herself||
|_My Man Is a Loser_|Therapist|||
|2015|_Bone Tomahawk_|Mrs. Porter||
|_Darling_|Madame|||
|_Lost Cat Corona_|Roxie|||
|2016|_Confidence Game_|Sylvie||
|2017|_Blade Runner 2049_|Rachael and Rachael Clone|Likeness only Acting coach to substitute actress|

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Sean Young
- **image**: Sean_Young_LF.JPG
- **caption**: Young in 2007
- **birth name**: Sean Young
- **birth place**: Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
- **yearsactive**: 1980–present
- **occupation**: Actress
- **spouse**:

- **children**: 2
George's Secret Key to the Universe

***George's Secret Key to the Universe*** is a children's book written by Stephen Hawking, his daughter Lucy Hawking and his research student Christophe Galfard. It was written to explain the universe and the laws of physics to children, in the form of an adventure story. It was published in 2007. There are another three books in the series, _George's Cosmic Treasure Hunt_ (2009), _George and the Big Bang_ (2010), and _George and the Unbreakable Code_ (2014).

## Other websites

- George's Secret Key website
Atmosphere

An **atmosphere** is a layer of gases that create an astronomical object, that is held in place by the gravity. A planet has an atmosphere when the gravity is great and the temperature of the atmosphere is low.

## Types

- Atmosphere of the Sun
- Atmosphere of Mercury
- Atmosphere of Venus
- Atmosphere of Earth
    - Atmosphere of the Moon
- Atmosphere of Mars
- Atmosphere of Ceres
- Atmosphere of Jupiter
    - Atmosphere of Io
    - Atmosphere of Callisto
    - Atmosphere of Europa
    - Atmosphere of Ganymede
- Atmosphere of Saturn
    - Atmosphere of Titan
    - Atmosphere of Enceladus
- Atmosphere of Uranus
    - Atmosphere of Titania
- Atmosphere of Neptune
    - Atmosphere of Triton
- Atmosphere of Pluto
Fast Times at Ridgemont High

***Fast Times at Ridgemont High*** is a 1982 American coming-of-age teen comedy movie. It was written by Cameron Crowe, directed by Amy Heckerling, produced by Irving Azoff and Art Linson. It is set in and around a high school in Southern California and follows several students over the course of a year. It stars Sean Penn, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Judge Reinhold, Phoebe Cates, Brian Backer, Robert Romanus, Ray Walston, Forest Whitaker, Nicolas Cage and Anthony Edwards.
Aspergillus

***Aspergillus*** is a large genus of fungi in the phylum Ascomycota. There are several hundred species or types, some of which are important to medicine, science and industry. It grows as a mould, often on plants. The fungi make asexual spores in a structure called an _aspergillum_. About one third of types also have sexual reproduction.

_Aspergillus_ species are highly aerobic and are found in almost all oxygen-rich environments. They are common contaminants of starchy foods (such as bread and potatoes), and grow in or on many plants and trees.

Species of _Aspergillus_ are important medically and commercially. Some species can cause infection in humans and other animals. More than 60 _Aspergillus_ species are medically relevant pathogens. For humans there is a range of diseases such as infection to the external ear, skin lesions, and ulcers classed as mycetomas.

## Related pages

- Koji
- _Aspergillus flavus_
Widya Saputra

**Widyaningrum Surya Nugraha** (called Widya, born at Cimahi, Indonesia, February 26, 1985) is a television host from Indonesia. She is best known as a sporting event host at television station Trans7, especially for MotoGP and football events.

She started her career as a child when in 1993 she become vocalist at Trio Laris group, then in 1998 she began a career in television as host at Kring Olala at TPI. In 2001 she become host for Musiq at TVRI, and even had the opportunity to become an actress at Putri Keempat television’s serial at RCTI in 2003.

She become MotoGP’s host in 2006 season and continues today. Widya is a communication sciences scholar from UNPAD, Bandung.

Her hobby is reading and she loves cats.

## Other websites

- Widya Cat Lady in Twitter
- Widya Saputra profile on MetroTVNews.com

## Infobox (actor)

- **name**: Widya Saputra
- **image**: Widya Saputra 2023.jpg
- **birthname**: Widyaningrum Surya Nugraha
- **birth place**: Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
- **othername**: Widya Cat Lady
- **occupation**: Presenter
- **yearsactive**: 1993 - present
San Mateo, California

**San Mateo** (  ; Spanish for "Saint Matthew") is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States, in the San Francisco Bay Area.  With a population of about 100,000 (105,661 at the 2020 census), it is one of the larger suburbs on the San Francisco Peninsula, located between Burlingame to the north, Foster City to the east, Belmont to the south, and Highlands-Baywood Park and Hillsborough to the west. San Mateo was incorporated in 1864.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **name**: San Mateo, California
- **settlement type**: List of municipalities in California, City
- **image seal**: Seal of San Mateo, California.png
- **image map**: San_Mateo_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_San_Mateo_Highlighted.svg
- **map caption**: Location in San Mateo County, California, San Mateo County and the state of California
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name1**: California
- **subdivision name2**: San Mateo County, California, San Mateo
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: September 4, 1894
- **named for**: Matthew the Apostle, St. Matthew
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total km2**: 41.05
- **area total sq mi**: 15.85
- **area land km2**: 31.43
- **area land sq mi**: 12.13
- **area water km2**: 9.62
- **area water sq mi**: 3.72
- **area water percent**: 23.44
- **elevation m**: 14
- **elevation ft**: 46
- **population total**: 105661
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population rank**: List of largest California cities by population, 68th in California
List of United States cities by population, 298th in the United States
- **population density sq mi**: 8711
- **population density km2**: 3363
- **postal code type**: ZIP codes
- **postal code**: 94401–94404, 94497
- **area code**: Area code 650, 650
- **area code type**: North American Numbering Plan, Area code
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific
- **utc offset**: −8
- **timezone dst**: Pacific Daylight Time, PDT
- **utc offset dst**: −7
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature IDs
- **blank1 info**: ,
Alioramus

***Alioramus*** is a genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaur. It was about 20 feet long. It lived during the Upper Cretaceous period in what is now Mongolia.

The type species, _A. remotus_, is known from a partial skull and three foot bones. They were got from Mongolian sediments which were deposited in a humid floodplain about 70 million years ago.  A second species, _A. altai_, known from a much more complete skeleton, was named and described in 2009. Its relationships to other tyrannosaurid genera are unclear. Some evidence suggests that _Alioramus_ is closely related to the contemporary species _Tarbosaurus bataar_.

## Wetter climate

The Maastrichtian stage in Mongolia had a wetter and more humid climate than the previous stages. Sediments show there were floodplains, large river channels and soil deposits, with periodic droughts.

This animal had many teeth, which were smaller than usual in the Tyrannosauridae, and a narrow, lower skull. It may have been a sub-adult (teenager), and must have eaten different prey than _Tyrannosaurus_. Since the general area was a riverine delta, the prey may have been fish.
Walking with Dinosaurs

***Walking with Dinosaurs*** is a 1999 nature documentary series produced by the BBC. It shows how reptiles called dinosaurs lived. The first episode, "New Blood", follows all three creatures: a _Coelophysis,_ a _Postosuchus_ and a male cynodont. The next, "Time of the Titans", shows a _Diplodocus_ growing up and trying to avoid predators such as allosaurs and _Ornitholestes_. The third, "A Cruel Sea", follows both a _Eustrepospondylus_ and a male _Liopleurodon_. The fourth, "King of the Skies", follows a male _Ornithocheirus_ migrating to Spain. The fifth, "Spirits of the Frozen Forest", follows a clan of _Leaellynasaura_ trying to avoid a hungry Polar Allosaur. The last one, "Last of the Dino Dynasty", follows a female _Tyrannosaurus rex_, who has already to mated and needs to take care of her babies in a world that is about to end as the Kt extinction nears by day in an already struggling volcanic world. There is also a 2013 film with the same name, a sequel called "Walking with Beasts" and a prequel called "Walking with Monsters".

## Plot

This series shows dinosaurs from various parts of the world inhabiting our own planet.

### Original

|Episode list|Plot|Time period|Formation|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|New Blood|Millions of years ago, during the Middle Triassic, a female Coelophysis, one of the earliest dinosaurs, hunts down a group of Placerias, looking for weak members to prey on. Nearby, in a stream, a male cynodont, a type of therapsid, resides in a burrow with his family. Meanwhile, a female Postosuchus attacks the Placerias herd and wounds one member of the herd.|Middle Triassic|Arizona|
|Time of the Titans|The episode focuses on the life of a female Diplodocus, beginning at the moment when her mother lays a group of eggs in a nearby forest. As the babies inside begin to hatch and grow in a matter of years, they have to watch for predators, such as small coelurosaurs like Ornitholestes and Stokesosaurus, and giant predators such as Allosaurus, Marshosaurus and Ceratosaurus.|Late Jurassic|Morrison Formation|
|Cruel Sea|It's the middle Jurassic, in present day Oxfordshire. A predatory Eustrepospondylus is dragged down under a sea by a Liopleurodon male. Dozens of creatures thrive in the oceans, such as Opthalmosaurus, the Cretaceous shark Hybodus, and the plesiosaur Cryptoclidus.|Middle Jurassic|Oxfordshire|
|Giant of the Skies|The episode begins with a dead Ornithocheirus. This species was once thought to be a Tropeognathus.|Early Cretaceous|Europe|
|Spirits of the Ice Forest|In prehistoric Australia, dozens of years ago, a family of Leallynasaura emerge during spring, and have to compete with dangerous challenges.|Early Cretaceous|Australia|
|Death of a Dynasty|This last episode focuses on a female Tyrannosaurus rex. The prehistoric world of dinosaurs is violently about to end, and soon after that, at the end of the episode, all the dinosaurs become extinct.|End of the Cretaceous|Hell Creek|
Ornithocheirus

**Ornithocheirus** was a crested pterosaur that lived during the late Jurassic period. There was an ornithocheirus in _Walking with Dinosaurs_.
Tylosaurus

***Tylosaurus*** was an Upper Cretaceous mosasaur. It was a  large, predatory marine lizard closely related to modern monitor lizards and to snakes.

In 1918, Charles H. Sternberg found a _Tylosaurus_ with the remains of a plesiosaur in its stomach. The specimen is mounted in the United States National Museum (Smithsonian). The plesiosaur remains are stored in the collections.

Although these important specimens were briefly reported by C.H. Sternberg in 1922, the information was lost to science until 2001. The specimen was rediscovered and described by Everhart. It is the basis for the story line in the new (2007) National Geographic IMAX movie - _Sea Monsters_.
Charlotte Gainsbourg

**Charlotte Gainsbourg** (born 21 July 1971) is an Anglo-French singer and movie actress.

At the age of fifteen she was on an album with her father. More than twenty years later she released albums as an adult. Gainsbourg has also been in many movies. She has received both a César Award and the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival.

Gainsbourg played She in the movie _Antichrist_.

## Related pages

- Ukrainian diaspora in the United Kingdom

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Charlotte Gainsbourg
- **image**: File:Charlotte Gainsbourg Molières 2018.jpg
- **caption**: Charlotte Gainsbourg in 2018
- **birth name**: Charlotte Lucy Gainsbourg
- **birth place**: London, England, United Kingdom, UK
- **occupation**: Actress, singer
- **years active**: 1984–present
- **parents**: Serge Gainsbourg (dead)
Jane Birkin
- **partner**: Yvan Attal
- **children**: 3
Tōhoku History Museum

is a museum that is in Tagajō, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

The museum acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits a collection which focuses on the tangible heritage and the intangible heritage of  Tōhoku. The museum holds archaeological objects from excavations in the region.

The treasures of the museum include Jōmon period jade from Tagajō and Niisato in Iwate Prefecture.

## History

The museum opened in the year 1999.

## Related pages

- Tōhoku region

## Other websites

- Tōhoku History Museum website 
- http://www.pref.miyagi.jp/bunkazai/tagajo/tagajyou98.html
Nora Ephron

**Nora Ephron** (; May 19, 1941 – June 26, 2012) was an American movie director, producer and novelist. Ephron was the eldest of the four daughters of writers Henry Ephron (1911-1992) and Phoebe Ephron (née Wolkind, 1914-1971). Her sisters are Delia Ephron (born 1944), Hallie Ephron (born 1948) and Amy Ephron (born 1952). Nora Ephron was born in New York City and moved to Los Angeles, California when she was a child. She moved back East after leaving high school. She made many novels into movies. Ephron has been married to Nicholas Pileggi from 1987 until her death in 2012. Ephron died of pneumonia which was caused by her illness of acute myeloid leukemia.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nora Ephron
- **image**: Nora Ephron.jpg
- **caption**: Ephron in New York City, 2010
- **birth place**: New York City
- **death place**: New York City
- **death cause**: Pneumonia brought on by acute myeloid leukemia
- **resting place**: Cremated
- **nationality**: American
- **alma mater**: Wellesley College
- **notable works**: _Silkwood_, _When Harry Met Sally..._, _Sleepless in Seattle_, _Julie & Julia_
- **years active**: 1973–2012
- **occupation**: Screenwriter, producer, director, journalist, playwright, author
- **spouse**: Dan Greenburg
(m. 1967–1976; divorced)
Carl Bernstein
(m. 1976–1980; divorced)
Nicholas Pileggi
(m. 1987–2012; her death)
- **awards**: **BAFTA Award** (1994), **Crystal Award** (1994), **Ian McLellan Hunter Award** (2003), **Golden Apple Award** (2009)
- **children**: 2 sons
- **parents**: Henry Ephron,
Phoebe Ephron, Phoebe Wolkind
Sharon Horgan

**Sharon Horgan** (born 13 July 1970) is an Irish actress, writer television producer and comedienne. She was born in London and moved to Dublin when she was seven. Her brother Shane Horgan (born 1978) is a retired rugby player. She wrote, produced and starred in the sitcom _Pulling_. Her other acting roles include: _Rob Brydon's Annually Retentive_, _Angelo's_, _Free Agents_, _The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret_, _Dead Boss_ and _Catastrophe_.
Morohashi Museum of Modern Art

is a art museum at Urabandai near Goshikinuma in Fukushima Prefecture.

The museum has modern art, including works by
- Paul Cézanne
- Salvador Dali
- Henri Matisse
- Pablo Picasso
- Pierre-Auguste Renoir

## History

The museum was created in 1999 from the collection of Teizo Morohashi (1932-2003), who was the founder of Xebio Co. Ltd.

## Other websites

- Morohashi Museum of Modern Art website ;
Jordan national under-23 football team

The **Jordan national under-23 football team** are a team who play association football for Jordan at the under-23 level. They play their matches in Jordan at many grounds. They were the first team to qualify for the AFC U-22 Asian Cup during the 2013 version.

## Recent Games

|width=6%|Home Team|width=5%|Result|width=6%|Away Team|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Yemen U23|0–4|align="left"|**Jordan U23**||
|align="left"|**Jordan U23**|3–0|align="left"|Bangladesh U23||
|align="left"|**Jordan U23**|3–0|align="left"|Nepal U23||
|align="left"|Uzbekistan U23|1–3|align="left"|**Jordan U23**||

- <small> Green means that the team won.</small>
- <small> Yellow means the team had a draw.</small>
- <small> Red means the team lost.</small>

### Olympic Games Record

|colspan=9|Olympic Games Record|
| --- | --- |
|1992- 2012|_Did not qualify_|

### AFC U-22 Asian Cup

|colspan=9|AFC U-22 Asian Cup||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2013|Semi finals|Third place|0|0|0|0|0|0|

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Jordan Under-23
- **fullname**: Jordan national under-23 football team
- **ground**: _Various_
- **capacity**: : _Various_
- **manager**: Daian Saleh
- **league**: AFC U-22 Asian Cup
- **season**: 2013 AFC U-22 Asian Cup, 2013
- **position**: Qualified
Uzbekistan national under-23 football team

The **Uzbekistan national under-23 football team** are a team who play association football for Uzbekistan at the under-23 level. They play their matches in Uzbekistan at many grounds. They were the second team to qualify for the AFC U-22 Asian Cup during the 2013 version.

## Recent Games

|width=6%|Home Team|width=5%|Result|width=6%|Away Team|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|align="left"|Bangladesh U23|1–2|align="left"|**Uzbekistan U23**||
|align="left"|**Uzbekistan U23**|4–2|align="left"|Nepal U23||
|align="left"|Yemen U23|1–1|align="left"|**Uzbekistan U23**||
|align="left"|**Uzbekistan U23**|1–3|align="left"|Jordan U23||

- <small> Green means that the team won.</small>
- <small> Yellow means the team had a draw.</small>
- <small> Red means the team lost.</small>

### Olympic Games Record

|colspan=9|Olympic Games Record|
| --- | --- |
|2004- 2012|_Did not qualify_|

### AFC U-22 Asian Cup

|colspan=9|AFC U-22 Asian Cup||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2013|Qualified|N/A|0|0|0|0|0|0|

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: Uzbekistan Under-23
- **fullname**: Uzbekistan national under-23 football team
- **ground**: _Various_
- **capacity**: : _Various_
- **manager**: Vadim Abramov
- **league**: AFC U-22 Asian Cup
- **season**: 2013 AFC U-22 Asian Cup, 2013
- **position**: Qualified