juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
National Public Radio

**National Public Radio** (**NPR**) is an American non-profit media organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California. It serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States. It differs from other non-profit membership media organizations, such as the Associated Press, in that it was established by an act of Congress.

## Shows

The following shows are made by NPR in their studios in Washington, DC and Los Angeles:

- _Morning Edition_, two-hour morning news show
    - _Weekend Edition_, weekend version of Morning Edition
- _All Things Considered_, two-hour afternoon news show
    - _Weekend All Things Considered_
- _Talk of the Nation_, npr news call-in show
    - _Science Friday_, the Friday Talk of the Nation, which's all about science
- _Wait Wait Don't Tell Me_, a weekend news quiz show
- _All Songs Considered_, a music podcast
- _Thistle and Shamrock_, a Celtic music show

The following shows are produced by other people & distributed by npr
- _Car Talk_, a weekly call-in show about auto repair
- _Fresh Air_, a talk show featuring interviews with celebs & entertainment reviews
- _Latino USA_, a weekly 30 minutes show about Latino issues
- _On the Media_, a weekly show 'bout journalism, the Internet and free speech

## NPR and the Gettysburg Address

William R. Rathvon is the only known eyewitness of the Gettysburg Address to have left an audio recording of what he remembered. 1 year before he died in '39, Rathvon's remarks were rec. at Feb 12, '38. It incl. his reading the address itself. The title of the rec. was "I Heard Lincoln That Day - William R. Rathvon, TR Productions". NPR found a copy during a "Quest for Sound" project in '99. NPR allows people to hear the rec. around Lincoln's birthday.
Propithecus

***Propithecus*** is the genus of the **sifakas**. They are a genus of lemur in Madagascar. Nine species have been identified. They cannot run on all four legs because their legs are much longer than their arms. Instead, they bounce along the forest floor, jumping from one foot to the other, holding their arms up in the air. Some of them are critically endangered species.
Hornbill

The **hornbills** (Bucerotidae) are a family of bird found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia. They have a long, down-curved bill which is often brightly colored and sometimes has a box-like thing on the upper mandible. Many states of India like Kerala are fond of the hornbills. It is also the state bird of Kerala.

The female hornbill lays her eggs in a hole in a tree. Then, helped by her mate, she seals herself in, covering the entrance with droppings and mud. Only a small slit is left, through which the male gives her food. This keeps the nest safe from snakes until the chicks are grown enough to leave the nest, and learn how to fly.

## Related pages

- Uchek Langmeidong
Weaver ant

**Weaver ants** (also known as **tailor ants** or **green ants**; genus _Oecophylla_) are eusocial insects of the Formicidae family. They make their nests from living leaves, still attached to the tree. Instead of needles and thread, they use a rare type of silk, made in the mouths of their own grubs. The grubs are passed to and from between the leaves, to sew them together. Tailor ants may be found in the rainforest of Asia.

Colonies of weaver ants can be very large, containing more than half a million workers. The colonies can be made up of more than a hundred nests across several trees.

## Other websites

- Weaver Ants - National Geographic, May 2011
- AntWeb - Ants of the world
- Tree Of Life - Oecophylla
Bellbird

The **bellbird** is a bird native to Central and South America. It gets its name from its call which sounds like a bell. It uses this call to attract its mate. The bellbird has the loudest voice of any bird, so loud it can be heard a mile or more away.
Greater bulldog bat

The **greater bulldog bat** or **fisherman bat** (_Noctilio leporinus_) of South America hunts for its food using sound. It makes a high clicking noise that hits ripples in the water. By listening for the echoes, the bat can tell not only where the ripples are, but also locate the fish that made them.
Chelsea Grin (band)

**Chelsea Grin** is an American deathcore band from Salt Lake City, Utah.

The band was originally called _Ahaziah_ before the name of the band was changed to _Chelsea Grin_, named after the torture method known as the "_Glasgow Smile_".

The band has released 3 albums, "_Desolation of Eden_, 'My Damnation_, and "Ashes to Ashes" and one ep "_Chelsea Grin EP"_. "_Desolation of Eden''" reached number 21 on The Billboard Top Heatseekers Chart.

## Band members

- Current
- Tom Barber – Vocals (2018–present)
- Josh "Baby J" Miller – Drums (2024–present)
- David Flinn – Bass (2009–present)
- Stephen Rutishauser – Guitar (2015–present)

- Former
- Chris Kilbourn - guitar (2008–2009)
- Davis Pugh - bass guitar (2009)
- Austin Marticorena - bass guitar (2008)
- Kory Shilling - drums (2009)
- Michael Stafford – guitar (2007-2011)

## Discography

- Studio albums
|2010|_Desolation of Eden_|
| --- | --- |
|2011|_My Damnation_|
|2014|_Ashes to Ashes_|

- EPs
|2008|_Chelsea Grin EP_|
| --- | --- |
|2012|_Evolve_|

## Other websites

- Official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Chelsea Grin
- **img**: Chelseagrin-1.jpg
- **img capt**: Chelsea Grin in 2013
- **img size**: 250px
- **landscape**: Yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Salt Lake City, Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- **genre**: Deathcore
- **years active**: 2007—present
- **label**: Artery, Statik Factory
- **url**: [http://www.chelseagrinmetal.com/ Chelsea Grin website]
- **current members**: Alex Koehler
Dan Jones
Jake Harmond
David Flinn
Andrew
- **past members**: Chris Kilbourn
Davis Pugh
Austin Marticorena
Kory Shilling
Mike Stafford
Jason Richardson
Ogden, Utah

**Ogden, Utah** is a city in Weber County, Utah, USA with a population of 87,321 as of the 2020 census. Ogden was originally named Fort Buenaventura. Fort Buenaventura was the first permanent settlement by people whose families came from Europe in the U.S. state now known as Utah. A trapper named Miles Goodyear established it in 1846 a mile west of present downtown Ogden. Then a year later, the fort was bought by Mormon settlers for about $2,000. Brownsville is another name that was once used for the settlement. When the area was renamed, it was named after Peter Skene Ogden, a Hudson Bay Company leader who trapped animals for fur in the Weber Valley.

Ogden is the county seat of Weber County. It lies to the east of the Great Salt Lake, the west of the Wasatch Front mountain range, and is basically north of Salt Lake City.

Weber State University is located in Ogden. Damian Lillard, an NBA player on the Portland Trailblazers, played basketball in college for the Weber State Wildcats.
Macleans College

**Macleans College** is a secondary school in Bucklands Beach, Auckland, New Zealand. The school was opened in 1980 by  the Governor General Sir David Beattie. The current principal is Byron J Bentley. Over 2,500 students go to this school. Students have a choice of which qualifications they want to do - NCEA (National Certificate of Educational Achievement), and CIE (Cambridge International Examinations).

## House system

Macleans was the first public school in New Zealand to use the "Whanau House System". This is dividing the school up into nine 'houses'. Each house contains about 300 students in total, with two classes of 30 students in each year. These nine houses are named after some famous people from New Zealand. The names are: Batten, Mansfield, Nieto, Rutherford, Kupe, Hillary, Te Kanawa, Snell and Upham. The school began with only 4 of these houses, but has got bigger over the years. The newest house is Upham house, which opened in 2003.

## Teachers

Some of the teachers at Macleans College are Dr Holborow (Physics Teacher). Mr Fletcher (History and Social Sciences teacher). Mrs Bungay (Computing and Information Management teacher). Mr Davidson (Social Sciences). Mr Edwards (Mathematics). Mrs Woodhead (English). Mrs Gill (English). Dr Kleinmans (Science and Chemistry). Ms Power (Science). Mr Tai (Science).

## Other websites

- Macleans College website

## Infobox (school)

- **name**: Macleans College
- **image**: Macleans college Auckland New Zealand front office.jpg
- **motto**: Virtue mine honour
- **type**: State co-ed secondary (year 9-13)
- **established**: 1980
- **address**: 2 Macleans Road, Bucklands Beach, Auckland
- **principal**: Byron J Bentley
- **roll**: 2490
- **decile**: 10
- **moe**: 41
- **homepage**: [http://www.macleans.school.nz www.macleans.school.nz]
Hattusili III

**Hattusili III** was a king of the Hittite empire around 1267–1237 BC. He was the fourth and last son of Mursili II.

Hattusili led the Hittite forces in the Battle of Kadesh against Egypt in 1274 BC. Hattusili and the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II later made a peace treaty. This is the earliest treaty which has survived to the present day. Apparently, it was based upon previous Hittite models. The treaty set up a long-lasting peace between the two rival empires. Ramesses married Hattusili's daughter, and years later he married another Hittite princess.
Garfield and Friends

***Garfield and Friends*** is an animated television show that is based on the comic strip _Garfield_. The show aired on CBS from 1988 to 1994 on Saturday mornings. Then reran on Cartoon Network from 1995 to 1997, Nickelodeon from 1997 to 2000, Freeform (then known as ABC Family) from 2001 to 2002, Toon Disney from 2003 to 2006, and Boomerang from 2006 to 2007. In addition to _Garfield_ cartoons, it also features cartoons based on _U.S. Acres_, another comic strip created by Jim Davis.

## Characters

- Garfield: A very fat, lazy, orange-skinned, cat. He loves eating, sleeping, and watching television.
- Jon: Garfield and Odie's nerdy owner. He is very loyal to them. He goes on dates and later gets dumped by girls.
- Odie: A yellow-skinned dog. He is very dumb and easily annoys Garfield.
- Nermal: A cute, gray-skinned cat.  She annoys Garfield more than anybody.
Heungseon Daewongun

**Heungseon Daewongun** (Hangul: , Hanja: , 1821 - 1898) was the title of Korean politician and regent of the Joseon dynasty **Yi Ha-eung**. Yi Ha-eung received the title when he became regent for King Gojong who was a child when he became King of Korea. Yi ruled between 1863 and 1874, during his rule he tried to close Korea from foreign influences and protect the traditional Korean way of life; when Christian missionaries threatened the traditional Korean social hierarchy, he became a persecutor of Christians martyring Korean converts and Western missionaries.
Marc Ferrez

**Marc Ferrez** (December 7, 1843 – January 12, 1923) was a Brazilian photographer born in Rio de Janeiro.

Ferrez's life was dedicated to the art of photography and he is considered one of the greatest photographers of his time. His production was massive, and his photographs document the consolidation of Brazil as a nation and Rio de Janeiro as a metropolis. His career was energized when he made part of Professor Charles Hartt's Geological Commission which covered the north and south of the country.

In 1865, Ferrez opened his own studio at Rua São José, in the center of Rio de Janeiro. He was made _Photographo da Marinha Imperial_ and his work with images increased through his life. He photographed Brazil from south to north, but paid more attention to his home city, Rio de Janeiro. His masterpieces are the great albums of railway constructions and the great panoramic views of the city of Rio de Janeiro and its quick development.

Ferrez died in 1923 and left thousands of pictures and reproductions of his works.
XSLT

**XSLT**, which stands for _Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations_ is a programming language. XSLT is based on XML. It is part of XSL, and is used for transforming XML documents, most of the time. The language is Turing complete. This means that anything that can be computed by a Turing machine can also be done in XSLT.

Uses for XSLT include:
- _Presentation-oriented publishing_ (POP): A transformation is done for presentation purposes. Examples of such transformations include the generation of XHTML, SVG and Docbook.
- _Message-oriented Middleware_ (MOM): A transformation is done to make communication between two different systems possible. This allows to exchange data between both systems.
Avimimus

***Avimimus*** (meaning "bird mimic") was a recently discovered maniraptoran. It was a very fast moving, light-weight, bird-like theropod dinosaur that lived in the late Cretaceous in what is now Mongolia, around 70 million years ago. that may have had feathers. There are two known species, ***Avimimus portentosus*** and ***Avimimus nemegtensis***.

## Flight?

The forelimbs were relatively short. The bones of the hand were fused together, as in modern birds, and a ridge on the ulna (lower arm bone) was interpreted as an attachment point for feathers by Kurzanov. Kurzanov, in 1987, also reported the presence of quill knobs, and while Chiappe confirmed the presence of bumps on the ulna, their function remained unclear. Kurzanov was so convinced they were attachment points for feathers that he concluded that _Avimimus_ may have been capable of weak flight. The presence of feathers is now widely accepted, but most paleontologists do not believe _Avimimus_ could fly.
Merv Griffin

**Mervyn Edward "Merv" Griffin, Jr.** (July 6, 1925 – August 12, 2007) was the creator of many famous game shows like _Jeopardy!_ and _Wheel of Fortune_. He worked from 1944 until his death in 2007.

Griffin was born July 6, 1925, in San Mateo, California to an Irish-American family. He was married to Julann Wright from 1958 until they divorced in 1976. They had one son, Tony Griffin. Griffin died on August 12, 2007 in Los Angeles, California from prostate cancer, aged 82.

## Other websites

- He Had a Lovely Bunch of Coconuts at the _Wall Street Journal_
- Merv Griffin tribute from ABC, from YouTube

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Merv Griffin
- **image**: File:Merv Griffin.jpg
- **caption**: Griffith in September 1989
- **birth name**: Mervyn Edward Griffin Jr.
- **birth place**: San Mateo, California, U.S.
- **death place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **resting place**: Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery, Westwood Village Memorial Park, U.S.
- **occupation**: Television show host, Media proprietor, media mogul
- **years active**: 1944-2007
- **children**: 1
Thescelosaurus

***Thescelosaurus*** was a medium-sized plant-eating dinosaur. It lived in forests during the late Cretaceous period in North America, about 68 to 65 million years ago.

One complete specimen and eight incomplete _Thescelosaurus_ skeletons, including skin impressions, are known. They have been found in Wyoming, Montana, and South Dakota in the USA, and in Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada.

True _Thescelosaurus_ remains are known definitely only from late Maastrichtian-age rocks, from  Canada, Wyoming, Montana (Hell Creek), and Colorado (Laramie Formation), USA.

With the exception of birds, it was one of the last genera of dinosaurs. Its remains were found three meters from the boundary clay containing the iridium layer that marks the end of the Cretaceous.
Segnosaurus

***Segnosaurus*** (meaning "slow lizard") was a herbivorous theropod dinosaur that lived during the late Upper Cretaceous, about 93 million years ago. It was a rather large Therizinosaur. This is a family of theropods which were herbivores. They changed from the usual carnivorous lifestyle of their ancestors.

Four partial skeletons of _Segnosaurus_ have been found in Mongolia. It had a long flexible neck, long head, three-toed feet, a broad strong pelvis, stocky legs with clawed fingers and toes, and a short tail. In 2010 Gregory Paul estimated the body length at six metres, the weight at 1.3 tonnes.
Riojasaurus

***Riojasaurus*** was a herbivorous prosauropod dinosaur. It was one of the earliest of the large, plant-eating dinosaurs. _Riojasaurus_ lived during the Upper Triassic, roughly 225 to 219 million years ago. Fossils have been found in La Rioja Province in Argentina. There are include incomplete skeletons from about 20 individuals.

_Riojasaurus_ had a heavy body, bulky legs, and a long neck and tail. Its leg bones were dense and massive for a prosauropod. By contrast, its vertebrae were lightened by hollow cavities, and unlike most prosauropods, _Riojasaurus_ had four sacral vertebrae instead of three.

It probably moved slowly on all fours and could not rear up on its back legs. The nearly equal length of the fore and hindlimbs is also suggestive of a quadrupedal animal.
Nicol David

**Datuk Nicol Ann David** (born August 26, 1983) is a Malaysian professional squash  player. She is the current world number 1 in women's squash, and is the first Asian woman to achieve this. She won the British Open title in 2005, 2006 and 2008. She also won the World Open title in 2005, 2006, 2008 and 2009.

Nicol is the first squash player to have won the World Junior title twice; in 1999 and 2001. She was the only female squash player to have done this until in 2007. This was when Raneem El Weleily won her second World Junior Championship. Nicol joined WISPA and turned professional in 2000 when she won her first WISPA title, after only a month in the tour. The win came in February, when she beats Salma Shabana in the final of the Savcor Finnish Open. On June 7, 2008, Nicol David was recognized with the Order of Merit (Darjah Bakti) or D.B. in conjunction with the birthday of the His Majesty Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin. She was the first recipient of the award which was started on June 26, 1975. Nicol was also invited to carry the Olympic torch for Malaysia during the build up to the Athens Olympics in 2004 and being appointed as UNDP National Goodwill Ambassador for Malaysia.

Nicol David's other notable achievements include the Asian Squash Championship, which she won with a record of seven times (in 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010). She also held a 13-month, 51-match winning streak, from March 2006 until April 2007. In April 2007 she finally lost to Natalie Grinham in the final of the 2007 Seoul Open. Nicol has also won the WISPA  Player of the Year on five consecutive times, from 2005 until 2009.
Orochimaru (Naruto)

**Orochimaru** is a fictional character of the manga Naruto. He is one of the greatest villain of the story, as well as a very powerful and dangerous ninja. He was formerly a ninja of Konoha, but defected 10 years before the beginning of the story, because his research about a technique which could allow Orochimaru to become immortal was discovered by Konoha officials and the Third Hokage. He then created his own village, Otogakure, and vowed to destroy his former home. When he was a ninja of Konoha, he was the most brilliant pupil of the Third Hokage, the leader of the village, and was considered to be one of the most powerful ninja of the entire village. The Third Hokage even wanted Orochimaru to succeed him as the Fourth Hokage but the title was later given to Minato Namikaze, Naruto's father and Jiraiya's pupil.

In the first part of the series, Orochimaru tried to destroy his former home, invading it with an army of ninja, and killed his former master, but failed to destroy completely the village. He later took Sasuke Uchiha as his apprentice, but was betrayed by him after training him during two and a half years. Sasuke attacked Orochimaru when he was close to death, but Sasuke could not kill him and absorbed him in his body instead.

During the fight between Sasuke and his brother Itachi, Orochimaru was able to come out of Sasuke's body, but was quickly defeated by Itachi, who imprisoned him in a eternal illusion. Orochimaru was later reincarnated by Sasuke Uchiha in order to revive the first 4 Hokage. Orochimaru later participated in the Fourth Shinobi World War against Madara Uchiha and Obito Uchiha. Orochimaru had a son named Mitsuki who is the same age as Boruto Uzumaki, the son of Naruto Uzumaki and Hinata Hyuga.  Mitsuki the son of ordinary is part of the new team 7 sarda boruto mitsuki

The Uzamaki Clan was later reformed to the Senjuists.

ro:Akatsuki#Orochimaru
Constitution of the United Kingdom

The **Constitution of the United Kingdom** is a set of laws and rules in the United Kingdom that governs how the country is organized and the basic rights and freedoms of the people.

The UK's constitution is not written in one single document like many other countries' are. In fact, the UK's constitution is not completely written down at all. Some of it can be found in writing, starting with Magna Carta of 1215 and the Bill of Rights Act 1689 and including more modern Acts of Parliament. Other parts of it are considered common law and are made up of the decisions of judges over many hundreds of years in a system called legal or judicial precedence. Because of this, some people say that the United Kingdom has a _de facto_ or "unwritten" constitution.

Using the word "unwritten" is a problem, because most British laws and rules are written as statutes, or court judgments, the law of equity and in various treaties. Most of these laws come from the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Because most of the constitution is written down in this way, it is not technically correct to call it "unwritten" or "_de facto_". However, these words are still used. The Constitution of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is even more different to most other constitutions in that it is just a normal set of laws, and not a "higher" law that the government cannot easily change. The constitution has no more authority than any other law in the UK, and the government can change it just by passing a new Act.

### Parliamentary sovereignty

Parliamentary sovereignty means that the UK Parliament can pass, change and remove any law it wants. Countries with codified ("written") constitutions usually have a set of rules that make it harder for legislatures to change the constitution. In the UK, the constitution can be changed with a new Act.

### Rule of law

The United Kingdom has rule of law. This means that everyone, including important government officials, has to follow the law. The rule of law also means that people can't be punished for doing something that isn't illegal.

### Constitutional monarchy

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. This means it has a Queen or a King. The Queen or King is decided by whether or not their parents, or other close relative, were King or Queen. Oldest brothers used to get to be King first, then the next brother, and so on, turning only to daughters when there were no sons. Queen Elizabeth II changed this, however, and rewrote the law so that the eldest child now becomes the next monarch no matter what that person’s gender is.

## Related pages

- Constitution
- Constitutionalism
- Constitutional economics

## Other websites

- Ministry of Justice - Governance of Britain
- The Constitution Society - Charity founded in order to promote public understanding of the British Constitution
German philosophy

**German philosophy** refers to philosophy written in German or by German philosophers. It started in the 17th century during the Age of Enlightenment, from Leibniz and Wolff through Kant, Schelling, Fichte, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Marx, Engels, and into the times of Nietzsche and Wittgenstein.

## 17th century

The philosophy that dominated this century was the school of German philosopher and mathematican Gottfred Leibniz, later expanded by his follower, Christian Wolff. Leibniz thought that knowledge comes from reason alone.

## 18th century

On the wake of the Enlightenment, a new philosophy called "critical philosophy" developed in Germany. It combined the ideals of philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) of France and Switzerland and David Hume (1711-1776) of Scotland, and rationalism and empiricism. The founder of this school was Immanuel Kant. He published three "critiques", the most revolutionary being _Critique of Pure Reason_ (1781), the other two being, _Critique of Practical Reason_ and _Critique of Judgement_. Two followers of Kant, Schelling and Fichte, thought that Kant's system had some errors and sought to improve it. A third philosopher, Hegel (1770-1831), developed his own kind of German idealism. His books are often difficult to read, and his ideas influenced many people, including those who agreed with him, and those who did not.
Ghee

**Ghee** is a product made from animal milk. It is used in India, Nepal and Pakistani cookings as a form of oil or cooking fat. It is made by boiling butter until all the water has evaporated out and the milk solids have settled to the bottom.

## Types of Ghee

Ghee can be made out of many different kinds of milk like cow, sheep, and buffalo milk. Ghee aged 10 to 100 years, called _Kumbhiighrta_, is believed to have medicinal properties. Ghee which is washed for 100 times is called _Shata Dhauta Ghrita_ and considered as the oldest Ayurvedic cream.

## Composition

Composition of Ghee depends on the type of animal milk used. Palmitic acid and Oleic acid are the main fatty acids found in ghee prepared from cow and sheep milk.
International Auxiliary Language Association

The **International Auxiliary Language Association** (IALA) was founded in 1924 to promote widespread study, discussion and publicity in the establishment of an international auxiliary language, together with research and experiment.

Although it was created to determine which auxiliary language was best suited for international communication, it eventually determined that none of them was up to the task and developed its own language, Interlingua. The IALA continued to publish materials in and about Interlingua until 1954.
Ubaldo Jiménez

**Ubaldo Jiménez** (born January 22, 1984) is a pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles. He became the first pitcher for the Colorado Rockies to throw a no-hitter on April 17, 2010. He is from the Dominican Republic.  In 2010, Jiménez was the starting National League pitcher at the MLB All-Star Game, which the National League won.
JavaScript engine

A **JavaScript engine** is a program that runs JavaScript code. Web Browsers often have a JavaScript engine. It can also be used outside of web browsers, such as running services in Node.js or apps in the electron framework.

## Design

JavaScript was originally created as a scripting language to allow web pages to have changing, or dynamic, elements. Early Javascript engines were created as interpreters, programs that simply read the script and execute the instructions without analyzing it any more.

As JavaScript started being used more and more as a general-purpose language, execution speed, or how quickly the code is run, became more important for JavaScript engines. In response, many engines, such as V8 (Used in Chrome and Chromium) and SpiderMonkey (used in Firefox), started using Just-In-Time Compilation. In this method, it starts by compiling all of the code to optimized machine code, which is typically faster than interpretation, then running the result.
Upper Volta

**Upper Volta** was a territory belonging to France from 1919 to 1932 and later from 1947 to 1958. In 1958, Upper Volta became a republic. Until 1960, it was still part of the French Community. In 1960, Upper Volta gained independence from France. In 1984, it became the country now known as Burkina Faso.

## References

- Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) at Nations Encyclopedia
Oxford spelling

**Oxford spelling** is the spelling found in the Oxford English Dictionary. One example would be "colour" instead of "color".

More exactly, Oxford spelling is the headwords used in their dictionaries. In the full entries other variations are listed.

Most people in Britain use spellings like "organise" and "realise", but Oxford spelling uses "organize" and "realize". Those alternatives are both correct in British English.
Chanelle Hayes

**Chanelle Hayes** (born 11 November 1987) is a British television personality and pop singer.

She was born in Styal prison, Cheshire. She was adopted and raised in Wakefield, West Yorkshire. She has been active since 2007 when she left voluntarily left the Big Brother house in week 9. She has had a single entitled "I Want It" charted at number 63 in the UK, number 33 in Republic of Ireland, number 7 in Turkey and number 5 in Russia.

Hayes has modelled many times for Diva Corsets. She regularly appears in the media promoting the Michelle for George lingerie line. After leaving the big brother house, Hayes has been in numerous Lad's mags, such as nuts magazine and zoo magazine as a glamour model. In October 2011, Hayes appeared fully topless for the first time in Zoo magazine.

## Personal life

Hayes dated Middlesbrough football player Matthew Bates for several months in 2009. On 6 August 2009, Hayes was rushed to hospital after trying suicide by taking an overdose of paracetamol and red wine. On 20 January 2010, it was reported that she was expecting her first child with Bates, a boy. She gave birth to her son Blakely Hayes-Bates on 20 July 2010.

Hayes started dating Jack Tweed at the beginning of April 2010. She said they split on 1 July 2010.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Chanelle Hayes
- **img**: Chanelle Jade Hayes.jpg
- **caption**: Hayes in 2007
- **background**: solo_singer
- **birth name**: Chanelle Jade Sinclair
- **birth place**: Styal, Cheshire, England
- **origin**: Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England
- **genre**: R&B, dance, Pop music, pop
- **occupation**: Reality TV, model, TV presenter, singer, glamour model, businesswoman
- **years active**: 2007–present
- **label**: Eminence Records
East Riding of Yorkshire

**East Riding of Yorkshire** is a county in the British region of Yorkshire in Northern Europe.

## Infobox (english county)

- **official name**: East Riding of Yorkshire
- **image caption**: Clockwise from top: Flamborough Head;  the Humber Bridge, which links the county to Lincolnshire; and Hull Minster
- **flag image**: Flag of the East Riding of Yorkshire.svg
- **arms image**: Arms of East Riding of Yorkshire Council.svg
- **arms link**: Armorial of county councils of England
- **arms alt**: Blazon: Barry vert and Or on a chevron engrailed plain cotised gules three roses argent barbed and seeded proper. crest: issuing from a mural crown argent an eagle displayed gules armed and langued azure supporting with the dexter talons a sword hilt upwards and with the sinister talons a crozier in saltire Or; mantled gules doubled argent. Supporters: on the dexter a lion azure guardant armed and langued gules gorged with a wreath of barley supporting between the forelegs a trident Or; on the sinister a demi-horse argent langued gules maned Or the feet webbed vert conjoined to the lower half of a Hippocampus vert supporting between the forelegs set upon a staff a cross fleury gules.
- **region**: Yorkshire and the Humber
- **established date**: 1 April 1996
- **established by**: Local Government Commission for England (1992), Local Government Commission for England
- **preceded by**: Humberside (1974–1996)
- **origin**: Geographic county/ administrative county (1889–1974) • Riding (division), Historic riding (AD 889 – 1 April 1889)
- **lord lieutenant office**: Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire
- **lord lieutenant name**: James Dick
- **high sheriff office**: High Sheriff of the East Riding of Yorkshire
- **high sheriff name**: Colonel Christopher James Henson (2024–25)
- **area total km2**: 2479
- **area total rank**: 23rd
- **largest city**: Kingston upon Hull, Hull
- **unitary council**: East Riding of Yorkshire Council
- **admin hq**: Beverley
- **area council rank**: 06000011th
- **iso code**: GB-ERY
- **ons code**: 00FB
- **gss code**: E06000011
- **nuts code**: UKE11/12
- **districts map**:
- **districts key**: Unitary
- **districts list**: # East Riding of Yorkshire Council, East Riding of Yorkshire
# Kingston upon Hull, City of Kingston upon Hull
Martin Niemöller

**Emil Gustav Emile Friedrich Martin Niemöller** (14 January 1892 – 6 March 1984) was an Evangelical German pastor who opposed the Nazis. At first he supported Hitler, but when Nazis tried to control the churches he helped to form the Confessing Church, an association of anti-Nazi churches. Because of his beliefs, he was imprisoned in concentration camps, and almost got executed. Niemöller is best known because he wrote the poem _First they came..._.

He was born in Lippstadt. He died in Wiesbaden, aged 92.

## References

- Martin Niemöller: Biography on United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
First they came...

The poem **First they came...** was written by Martin Niemöller. It is a criticism of the way people in Nazi Germany did not stop the Nazi Party from treating other people poorly.

The poem is as follows:

- First they came for the Communists,
    - and I didn’t speak up,
    - because I wasn’t a Communist.
    - Then they came for the Jews,
    - and I didn’t speak up,
    - because I wasn’t a Jew.
    - Then they came for the Catholics,
    - and I didn’t speak up,
    - because I was a Protestant.
    - Then they came for me,
    - and by that time there was no one
    - left to speak up for me.

## References

de:Martin Niemöller#Zitat
ARP spoofing

**ARP Spoofing** is a method someone (such as a hacker) could use to redirect internet traffic from a computer through the hacker's computer and then to the internet.  This allows the hacker to then read all traffic sent from or to the first computer.  This will reveal passwords, credit card numbers, and other private information.

A symptom of this sort of attack is a window when browsing to a secure site that says something along the lines of "This website's authentication check has failed".  This means that the hacker has forged a secure connection that cannot be verified. So, the warning is presented.
A36 steel

**A36 steel** is a standard steel alloy which is commonly used in the United States. It is a standard carbon steel.
Yorkshire men's cricket team

The **Yorkshire** men's cricket team is based at Headingley in Leeds. It represents the traditional English county of Yorkshire. Teams called Yorkshire have been active since 1833. Until 1863, the county name was used solely by the Sheffield Cricket Club for their matches against county teams, including Lancashire. Yorkshire County Cricket Club was formed in 1863 to take over the organisation of the county team. Yorkshire have won the County Championship a record 32 times, most recently in 2015. The team has played at numerous grounds around the county, the main ones being Headingley Stadium in Leeds, North Marine Road in Scarborough, and (formerly) Bramall Lane in Sheffield. Many great players have represented Yorkshire, including George Hirst, Wilfred Rhodes, Herbert Sutcliffe, Hedley Verity, Len Hutton, Fred Trueman, Ray Illingworth, Sachin Tendulkar, and Joe Root.

## Infobox (cricket team)

- **name**: Yorkshire
- **oneday name**: Yorkshire Rose
- **founded**: 1863
- **ground**: Headingley Stadium, Leeds
- **capacity**: 18,350
- **first fc**: Surrey County Cricket Club, Surrey
- **first fc year**: 1863
- **first fc venue**: The Oval
- **title1**: County Championship, Championship
- **title1wins**: 33 (_including 1 shared_)
- **title2**: Pro40
- **title2wins**: 1
- **title3**: Friends Provident Trophy, FP Trophy
- **title3wins**: 3
- **title4**: Twenty20 Cup
- **title4wins**: 0
- **title5**: B&H Cup
- **title5wins**: 1
- **website**: [http://www.yorkshireccc.com www.yorkshireccc.com]
Headingley Stadium

**Headingley Stadium** is in Leeds, West Yorkshire. It has two international sporting venues, either side of a grandstand. One side is a cricket ground, and the other side is a rugby league ground. The cricket ground opened in 1890 and became a regular Test venue from 1899. The Yorkshire and Yorkshire Women teams both use Headingley as their home ground. The rugby league ground is the home of Leeds Rhinos.

Headingley was first used for a County Championship match on 24 August 1891, when Yorkshire played Kent. Headingley's international debut was on 29 June 1899, when it staged the third Test of that season's series between England and Australia. The match was drawn after the final day was rained off. The first Women's Test at Headingley was between England Women and New Zealand Women in June 1954. Yorkshire Women first played at Headingley in June 1937, against the touring Australia Women.
Headingley

**Headingley** is an area of Leeds, West Yorkshire.  It is situated about 3 miles from Leeds City Centre.  Headingley has a large student population and is also known for the Headingley Stadium.  Headingley railway station has train services to Leeds City Centre, Harrogate and York.
Headingley railway station

**Headingley railway station** is a commuter railway station in the Headingley area of Leeds, West Yorkshire. The only train that operates at this station is Northern Rail. This station is on the line from Leeds City Centre to Harrogate and is two stops away from Leeds City Station.  Headingley Stadium is a rugby and cricket stadium that is near to this station.

## Infobox (gb station)

- **name**: Headingley
- **image name**: Headingley Stn.jpg
- **caption**: 144008 at Headingley, May 2006. British Rail Class 144, Class 144 Diesel Multiple Unit.
- **manager**: Northern (train operating company), Northern
- **locale**: Headingley
- **borough**: City of Leeds
- **pte**: West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive, West Yorkshire (Metro)
- **zone**: 2
- **code**: HDY
- **platforms**: 2
- **gridref**: SE268358
- **start**: 1849
- **usage1213**: 0.337
- **usage1314**: 0.357
- **usage1415**: 0.365
- **usage1516**: 0.400
- **usage1617**: 0.437
- **dft category**: F1
North Marine Road

**North Marine Road** is a cricket ground in Scarborough, North Yorkshire. It belongs to Scarborough Cricket Club, and hosts the annual Scarborough Festival. It is the second ground of Yorkshire County Cricket Club, after Headingley Stadium in Leeds. North Marine Road has a record attendance of 22,946—for a match against Derbyshire in 1947. For safety reasons, the current capacity is 9,000.
Burley Park railway station

**Burley Park railway station** is a railway station in the Burley area of Leeds, West Yorkshire.  It is one stop away from Leeds City Station on the line between Leeds City Centre and Harrogate.  The station is situated ten minutes south of Headingley Stadium.  The railway station serves a large student population in Burley.
Burley, Leeds

**Burley** is an area of Leeds, West Yorkshire.  Burley is close to Headingley and has a large student population.  The area often uses Burley Park railway station.  The Leeds Studios are in the Burley area.
The Leeds Studios

**The Leeds Studios** are a complex of television studios in the Burley area of Leeds, West Yorkshire.  They are used as the headquarters of Yorkshire Television and also for other ITV filming purposes.  Until 2009, when it moved to The Manchester Studios, Countdown was filmed here by Yorkshire Television for Channel 4.
Mouse deer

The **chevrotain**, also known as **mouse deer**, is a small even-toed ungulate that make up the family **Tragulidae**

Mouse deer live in Asia. They are about the size of a hare, with short, thin legs. They are the smallest animal with hooves. They stamp their small feet to signal to each other. Mouse deer are extremely nervous. Mouse deer have little fangs. When they are surprised, they freeze immediately, and then run away in a zig-zag through the forest. Most species of mouse deer only eat plants, but one species of mouse deer, called the water chevrotain, sometimes eats bugs or meat that they find.
Crab spider

**Crab spiders** are the _Thomisidae_ family of spiders. The group has 170 genera with over 2000 species.

They have two front pairs of legs angled outward and bodies that are flattened and often angular. Also, like crabs, Thomisidae spiders can move sideways or backwards.

Crab spiders are hunters and ambushers. Some species sit on or among flowers, bark, fruit or leaves where they grab visiting insects. Crab spiders use their powerful front legs to grab and hold onto prey while paralyzing it with a venomous bite.

They are camouflaged: several different types are known. Even at a close range, it is difficult to see the spider. Some species are disguised as birds' droppings resting on a leaf.  Crab spiders live in rainforests all over the world. They get their name from the way they scuttle around like small crabs.
The Political Cesspool

***The Political Cesspool*** is a far-right, white supremacist weekly talk radio show syndicated by Liberty News Radio Network, and Accent Radio Network. First broadcast in 2004 twice a week from radio station WMQM, it is currently broadcast from Millington, Tennessee, from radio station WLRM on Saturday nights.

According to its statement of principles, the program stands for "The Dispossessed Majority", represents "a philosophy that is pro-White", and is "against political centralization." It has attracted criticism from _The Nation_, _The New Republic_, the Stephen Roth Institute, the Southern Poverty Law Center, and the Anti-Defamation League for promoting anti-Jewish and racist views.
Dino Bravo

**Adolfo Bresciano** (August 6, 1948 – March 10, 1993) was an Italian-born Canadian professional wrestler. He was better known by his ring name **Dino Bravo**. He was self-proclaimed as "Canada's Strongest Man" and later the "World's Strongest Man". Bravo is best known for his time wrestling in World Wrestling Federation (WWF). During his time there, Bravo was a one-time WWWF World Tag Team Champion with Dominic DeNucci and was the only wrestler to ever hold the short-lived WWF Canadian Champion.

On March 10, 1993, Bravo was found dead in his apartment by his wife. Bravo was hit by 17 bullets, 7 to the head and 10 to the torso, while he was watching ice hockey in his Vimont, Laval, Quebec home. He had an alleged role in illegal cigarette smuggling in Canada which is what is popularly believed to have led to his unsolved murder.

## Infobox (wrestler)

- **name**: Dino Bravo
- **names**: Dino Bravo
- **image**: Dino Bravo 1979.jpg
- **caption**: Bravo in 1979
- **height**: 6 ft 0 in (183 cm)
- **weight**: 265 lb (120 kg)
- **birth place**: Campobasso, Molise, Italy
- **death place**: Laval, Quebec, Canada
- **billed**: Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **trainer**: Gino Brito
- **debut**: 1970
Our Lady Peace

**Our Lady Peace** is a Canadian alternative rock band. They formed in 1992 in Toronto. The members of the group are Raine Maida, the singer, who also plays the rhythm guitar, Jason Pierce, who plays the drums, Duncan Coutts, who plays the bass guitar and backing vocals and Steve Mazur, who plays the guitar and backing vocals. _A Decade_ is the name of their greatest hits album. They have a live audience DVD out also. They have many Billboard awards.

### Studio albums

- 1994: _Naveed_
- 1997: _Clumsy_
- 1999: _Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch_
- 2000: _Spiritual Machines_
- 2002: _Gravity_
- 2005: _Healthy in Paranoid Times_
- 2009: _Burn Burn_
- 2012: _Curve_
- 2018: _Somethingness_
- 2021: _Spiritual Machines 2_

### Live and compilation albums

- 2003: _Live_
- 2006: _A Decade_
- 2009: _The Very Best of Our Lady Peace_

## Other websites

- Our Lady Peace's official website

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Our Lady Peace
- **img**: Our Lady Peace at Virgin Festival Ontario day 2 2009.JPG
- **img capt**: Our Lady Peace
- **img size**: 250
- **landscape**: yes
- **background**: group_or_band
- **genre**: Alternative rock, post-grunge, pop rock
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **origin**: Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- **label**: Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Music, Relativity Records, Relativity, Columbia Records, Columbia, Coalition Entertainment, Coalition
- **current members**: Raine Maida
Jason Pierce
Duncan Coutts
Steve Mazur
- **past members**: Mike Turner
Chris Eacrett
Jamie Edwards
- **url**: [http://www.ourladypeace.net/ www.ourladypeace.net]
Katie Weatherston

**Katherine Marie Weatherston** (born April 6, 1983) is a Canadian women's ice hockey player.

## Playing career

Born in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Weatherston played for Dartmouth College in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) from 2002 to 2007. She began playing international hockey for Canada at the 2004 Four Nations Cup. She played for Canada at the 2006 Winter Olympics, held in Torino, Italy.

She played part of the 2007–08 season for the Ottawa Senators (CWHL) in the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL), but finished the season skating for the Montréal Stars.

## Personal

Her parents' names are David and Anna, and she has two brothers. While at Dartmouth, she majored in psychology.

### Dartmouth

|**Year**|**Games Played**|**Goals**|**Assists**|**Points**|**PIM**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2002-03|35|23|24|47|14|
|2003-04|32|29|19|48|22|
|2004-05|31|38|15|53|22|
|2006-07|26|23|14|37|16|

### Hockey Canada

|**Event**|**Games played**|**Goals**|**Assists**|**Points**|**PIM**|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2006 Olympics|5|4|1|5|2|
|2007 Women's World Championships|5|3|1|4|0|
|2008 Women's World Championships|5|2|0|2|2|

## Awards and honours

- 2003 ECAC All-Rookie Team
- 2003 All-Ivy Rookie Team
- 2003 ECAC All-Star Honourable Mention
- New England Writers Association Team, 2004–2005
- Second team All-Ivy, 2004–2005
- Third team All-USCHO, 2004–2005
- 2006-07 ECAC Coaches Preseason All-League Selection
- 2006-07 ECAC Media Preseason All-League Selection
- Canadian Women's Hockey League Eastern Division All-Star (2008)
- Canadian Women's Hockey League All-Rookie Team (2008)
- 2007 ECAC Tournament Most Valuable Player

## Infobox (ice hockey player)

- **image size**: 230px
- **position**: Forward
- **shoots**: Right
- **height ft**: 5
- **height in**: 2
- **weight lb**: 134
- **team**: Dartmouth Big Green women's ice hockey, Dartmouth Big Green
- **league**: ECAC
- **sex**: f
- **ntl team**: CAN
- **birth place**: Thunder Bay, Ontario, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- **career start**: 2002
- **career end**: 2008
Council of Constance

The **Council of Constance** was a council in the 15th century. It was held between 1414 and 1418. It took place in Constance (today known as Konstanz) in Switzerland.

The result of this ecumenical council by the Roman Catholic Church was a new Pope. His name was Pope Martin V.
Pythagorean triple

In mathematics, a **Pythagorean triple** is a set of three positive integers which satisfy the equation (make the equation work):
This equation is known as  the Diophantine equation, and is related to Pythagoras' theorem.
The lowest **Pythagorean triple** is [3, 4, 5] because:
- So,
The next highest triple is [5, 12, 13] then [7, 24, 25], and so on.
There is an infinite number of Pythagorean triples.

A Pythagorean triple always consists of:

•	all even numbers, or

•	two odd numbers and an even number.

A Pythagorean triple can never be made up of all odd numbers or two even numbers and one odd number.
Summer of 4 Ft. 2

"**Summer of 4 Ft. 2**" is the 25th and last episode of the 7th season of _The Simpsons_. It was first shown on television on May 19, 1996. In this episode, Ned Flanders has to do jury duty, and therefore can't go to his beach house. He allows the Simpsons to use it for 2 weeks. Lisa, realizing that she is unpopular in Springfield, decides to try to make friends in this new place. After getting a new wardrobe, she meets some new kids and befriends them by not being herself. Bart, jealous of Lisa's new popularity, shows her new friends that Lisa is not cool. Lisa is very angry at Bart, but gets happier when her friends accept her for who she is.

## Infobox (television episode)

- **series**: The Simpsons
- **season**: 7
- **episode**: 25
- **director**: Mark Kirkland
- **writer**: Dan Greaney
- **production**: 3F22
- **guests**: Christina Ricci as Erin
- **prev**: Homerpalooza
- **next**: Treehouse of Horror VII
- **season article**: The Simpsons (season 7)
- **episode list**: List of The Simpsons episodes