juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Relative dating

**Relative dating** is the kind of geochronology that determines the relative order of past events. The idea is to find the age of an object or event by comparing it to another object or event, or by using clues from the environment or circumstances where it was found.  Relative dating is not about finding the absolute age. In geology, rock or superficial deposits, fossils and lithologies can be used to correlate one stratigraphic column with another. Before the discovery of radiometric dating in the early 20th century, archaeologists and geologists used relative dating to determine ages of materials.

Radiometric dating, on the other hand, is a means of absolute dating. Relative dating can only determine the _order_ in which a series of events occurred, not _when_ they occurred. Even so, it remains a useful technique. Relative dating by biostratigraphy is the preferred method in paleontology and is, in some respects, more accurate. Steno's Law of Superposition states that older layers will be deeper in a site than more recent layers. This law was the  'relative dating' method of choice in geology from the 17th century to the early 20th century
Shrinkhala Khatiwada

**Shrinkhala Khatiwada** (, ) is a Nepalese model and Miss Nepal World 2018. She represented Nepal in Miss World 2018. She is the second Nepali after Ishani Shrestha to win Beauty with a Purpose Award and be in  the Top 12 of Miss World 2018.

## Infobox (pageant titleholder)

- **name**: Shrinkhala Khatiwada
- **image**: Shrinkhala Khatiwada (cropped).jpg
- **birth name**: Shrinkhala Khatiwada
- **birth date**: वि.सं.२०५२ कार्तिक १७ शुक्रवार in Vikram Sambat
- **birth place**:
Hetauda, Makwanpur District, Nepal
- **alias**: Phunu
- **education**: Bachelor in Architecture
- **title**: Miss Nepal 2018, Miss Nepal World 2018
- **competitions**: Miss Nepal 2018, Miss Nepal World 2018
(Winner)
(Miss Fascino)
Miss World 2018
(Top 12)
Beauty with a Purpose (Winner)

**Multimedia Award**
(Winner)
 **Sanya Tourism Promotional Video Award**
(2nd Runner Up)
**Miss World Top Model** - Top 32
- **hair color**: Black
- **eye color**: Black
- **homepage**: http://onehomefoundation.org
Ronali Amatya

**Ronali Amatya** (born 1996) in Kathmandu Nepal is a Nepali model and  beauty pageant titleholder who won the title of Miss Nepal International 2018. She is 26th Miss Nepal International of the Nation. She has also won the Model Hunt Nepal in 2016 and won Miss Congeniality in Miss Rco International 2017 in Egypt.
Manita Devkota

**Manita Devkota** (born 1995) in Gorkha Nepal is a Nepali Model & beauty pageant titleholder of Miss Universe Nepal 2018. She defeated 25 participants in the Miss Nepal pageant which was held on 11th April 2018. She is 2nd Miss Nepal Universe of the Nation crowned by 1st Miss Universe Nepal, Nagma Shrestha.

## Infobox (pageant titleholder)

- **image**: Manita Devkota for DV Education Nepal.jpg
- **caption**: Devkota speaks to DV Education Nepal in 2020
- **birth place**: Khandbari District Hospital, Nepal
- **education**: Bachelor's degree In Public Health
- **occupation**: Public Health Activist, Model
- **alma mater**: East Carolina University
- **title**: Miss Nepal 2018, Miss Universe Nepal 2018
- **competitions**: Miss Nepal 2018, Miss Universe Nepal 2018
(Winner)
Miss Universe 2018
(Top 10)
- **hair color**: Brown
Miss International

**Miss International** is a Tokyo based internationally recognized beauty pageant organized by The International culture Association which was created in California, USA in 1960. It is the fourth largest pageant of the world after Miss World, Miss Universe & Miss Earth.

## Recent Winners

|Year|Country|Name|National Title|Location|Entrants||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|2022|_TBA_|_TBA_|_TBA_|_TBA_|_TBA_||
|2021|rowspan=2 colspan=5|No pageant Due to COVID-19 pandemic|||||
|2020|||||||
|2019|Thailand|Sireethorn Leearamwat|Miss Thailand|rowspan=5|Tokyo, Japan|83|
|2018|Venezuela|Mariem Velazco|Miss Venezuela|77|||
|2017|Indonesia|Kevin Lilliana|Puteri Indonesia|69|||
|2016|Philippines|Kylie Verzosa|Binibining Pilipinas|69|||
|2015|Venezuela|Edymar Martinez|Miss Venezuela|70|||
Asmi Shrestha

**Asmi Shrestha** () (born June 30, 1993 in Chitwan, Nepal is a Nepalese model, many beauty pageant titleholder and celebrity of the Nation. She has won the title of Miss Nepal in 2016 and participants of Miss World 2016. She had also won the title of Best Evening Gown, Miss Photogenic & Miss Personality sub titles.
Mitzi Shore

**Mitzi Shore** (née **Saidel**; July 25, 1930 – April 11, 2018) was an American comedy club owner. She founded The Comedy Store in Los Angeles in 1972 and became owner two years later. She was born in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Through the club, she has had a huge influence on the careers of up-and-coming comedians for years.

Mitzi also founded Comedy Channel Inc. in 1982.

Mitzi died of Parkinson's disease on April 11, 2018 in West Hollywood, California at the age of 87.
Nikita Chandak

**Nikita Chandak** () (born 5 September 1995) in Urlabari, Nepal is a Nepali model and the title winner of Miss Nepal 2017. She has also won the Miss Popular Choice and Miss Confident titles. She also represented Nepal at Miss World 2017 pageant which was held in China.
Li Yaowen

**Li Yaowen** (; 1 May 1918 – 10 April 2018) was a general in the People's Liberation Army of China.

He was an alternate member of the 11th CPC Central Committee, a member of the 12th CPC Central Committee, and a member of the Central Advisory Commission.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **image**: Li Yaowen 1955.jpg
- **caption**: Li in 1955
- **office1**: Political Commissar of the People's Liberation Army Navy
- **term start1**: October 1980
- **term end1**: April 1990
- **predecessor1**: Ye Fei
- **successor1**: Wei Jinshan
- **office2**: Political Commissar of the Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense
- **term start2**: April 1977
- **term end2**: January 1980
- **office3**: List of ambassadors of China to Madagascar, Chinese Ambassador to Madagascar
- **term start3**: 1975
- **term end3**: 1976
- **predecessor3**: New position
- **successor3**: Tian Zhidong ()
- **office4**: List of ambassadors of China to Tanzania, Chinese Ambassador to Tanzania
- **term start4**: 1972
- **term end4**: 1975
- **predecessor4**: Zhong Xidong ()
- **successor4**: Liu Chun ()
- **office5**: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs
- **term start5**: July 1970
- **term end5**: April 1972
- **office6**: Deputy Political Commissar of Jinan Military Region
- **term start6**: October 1965
- **term end6**: April 1970
- **office7**: Director of the Political Department of Jinan Military Region
- **term start7**: May 1955
- **term end7**: January 1968
- **predecessor7**: New position
- **successor7**: Chen Jide ()
- **name**: Li Yaowen
- **native name**: 李耀文
- **native name lang**: zh-hans
- **birthname**: Zhang Xishen
- **birth place**: Chengshan Town, Rongcheng, Shandong, Rongcheng, Shandong, Republic of China (1912-1949), China
- **death place**: Beijing, China
- **party**: Communist Party of China
- **occupation**: Military officer, diplomat
- **nationality**: Chinese
- **alma mater**: PLA National Defence University alumni, PLA Military Academy
- **rank**:  Jiang (rank), General
- **serviceyears**: 1980–1997
- **commands**: Jinan Military Region
- **battles**: Second Sino-Japanese War
Chinese Civil War
Korean War
Chinese Vietnamese Sea Battle
- **awards**: Red Star Medal
Order of Independence and Freedom
Order of Liberation (China), Order of Liberation
38th parallel north

The **38th parallel (north)** is a circle of latitude that is 38 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

It's best known as the line that formerly split North and South Korea until the Korean War resulted in a border change.
Zola Skweyiya

**Zola Sidney Themba Skweyiya** (14 April 1942 – 11 April 2018) was a South African politician. He was born in Simon's Town, South Africa. He worked in the cabinets of Presidents Nelson Mandela and Jacob Zuma.

Skweyiya was Minister of Public Service and Administration from 1994 to 1999 and Minister of Social Development from 1999 to 2009. Skweyiya was re-elected to the National Executive Committee of the African National Congress in 2007.

Skweyiya died at a Pretoria hospital on 11 April 2018 at the age of 75.

## Other websites

- Profile at anc.org.za
Flamen

In Ancient Roman religion, a **flamen** was one of fifteen priests assigned to major deities with state recognized cults during the Roman Republic. The most important of these were the three _flamines maiores_ ("major priests"). They served as chief priests of the deities apart of the Archaic Triad. The other twelve were known as the _flamines minores_ ("lesser priests"). All fifteen flamens were part of the College of Pontiffs, responsible for administering state-sponsored religion.

The three _flamines maiores_ were the flamen Dialis, the flamen Martialis, and the flamen Quirinalis, who served Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus or Romulus.
Roshni Khatri

**Roshni Khatri** () (born February 19, 1996 in Lalitpur, Nepal) is a Nepalese model, celebrity & beauty pageant winner of Miss Nepal Earth 2016. She has also represented Nepal in Miss Earth 2016.
Marinette, Wisconsin

**Marinette** is a city in and the county seat of Marinette County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the south bank of the Menominee River. The population was 11,119 at the 2020 census.
Crkvenica

**Crkvenica** is a Bosnian river. It is a right bank tributary of the Vrbanja River.

Crkvenica rises between the northwestern slopes of Očauš and Šipraška brda mountains. It flows southeast at around  above sea level. The river drains the central part of the northern slopes of the Dinaric mountain massif. Its mouth is in Šiprage (Kotor Varoš). It is  long.

The river is known for its water mills; during the 1950s, there were about 18 of them.

The narrow area of the river's headwaters contains a watershed between the confluence of the Vrbas and the Bosna Rivers.

Tufa stećci on the Crkvenica riverbank is a relic of the Bogomil settlement in the twelfth century. The stećci was originally located at the confluence of the Crkvenica and the Vrbanja. The stones were quarried and built into the walls of the surrounding buildings, possibly due to belief in their miraculous properties. One of the most well-preserved tombstones is in its original location, submerged in the River Vrbanja.

## Related pages

- Vrbanja river
- Očauš
- Šiprage

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: Crkvenica
Црквеница
- **source1 location**: Šiprage, Šipraška brda
- **mouth location**: Vrbanja river, Vrbanja
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **basin size**: Black Sea
Očauš

**Očauš** (pronounced like: "oh-chah-OOSH") is a mountain in central Bosnia. Most of it is in the municipalities of Kotor Varoš and Teslić. It is  high (Mihailovac peak).

Očauš extends in the southeast - northwest, between the river basins of Vrbanja river and Ukrina. It is rich in forest goods and pastures. Villages and hamlets on this mountain include Upper Očauš, Lower Očauš, Mihajlovačka kosa, Tavani, Ðurđevac, Kilavac, Lepenica, Dolovi, Ceranska kosa, Počivala, Glavička kosa and Mosor.

Očauš is rich in water resources: water wells, streams and rivers.

## Related pages

- Kotor Varoš

## Infobox (mountain)

- **name**: Očauš
- **photo**: 2016-01-20 Ocausko Lice.JPG
- **photo caption**: Biser glavica
- **elevation m**: 1,402
- **range**: Dinaric Alps
- **map**: Bosnia and Herzegovina
- **map caption**: Location in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Borobudur

**Borobudur** is a 9th century Buddhist temple in Indonesia. It is located in Magelang Regency of  Central Java. The temple is made of gray andesite stone and has nine platforms topped by a central dome. Borobudur has 2,672 relief panels and originally had 504 Buddha statues. The central dome is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues within perforated stupas. Borobudur has a complex system of stairways and corridors with 1,460 relief panels, making it one of the world's largest collections of Buddhist reliefs.

It was built during the Sailendra Dynasty's reign in Java. Borobudur blends Javanese Buddhist architecture with other indigenous Indonesian traditions. The temple was later abandoned in the 14th century when people in started to convert to Islam.  Thomas Stamford Raffles rediscovered Borobudur in 1814, leading to its preservation through various restorations, including a major one in 1983 by the Indonesian government and UNESCO. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Borobudur is the world's largest Buddhist temple and one of the most important archaeological sites in Southeast Asia. It is also Indonesia's most visited monument among tourist attractions.

## Related pages

- Sewu temple
- World Heritage Site
- History of Indonesia

## Infobox (historic site)

- **name**: Borobudur
- **native language**: jv
- **image**: Borobudur Temple.jpg
- **caption**: Borobudur, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
- **locmapin**: Indonesia Java#Indonesia
- **map caption**: Location within Java
- **location**: Magelang, Central Java
- **built**: Originally built in the 9th century during the reign of the Sailendra Dynasty.
- **restored**: 1835
- **restored by**: Thomas Stamford Raffles
- **architect**: Gunadharma
- **designation1**: WHS
- **designation1 type**: Cultural
- **designation1 criteria**: i, ii, vi
- **designation1 date**: 1991 <small>(15th World Heritage Committee, session)</small>
- **designation1 partof**: Borobudur Temple Compounds
- **designation1 number**: [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/592 592]
- **designation1 free1name**: State Party
- **designation1 free2name**: Region
- **designation1 free2value**: Southeast Asia
Niti Shah

**Niti Shah** (born 1996) in Kathmandu, Nepal is a Nepalese actress, model and Miss Nepal International Title titleholder. She has won most popular face of EnVogue and was declared first runner-up in Face's House of Fashion 2013. She represented Nepal at Miss International 2017 which was held in Japan.

She has been featured on _TEENZ_, _VOW_, _Naari_, _Navyaata_, and  many other fashion magazines. She has walked many times in runway for fashion shows, including TGIF Nepal Fashion Week.
Swim bladder

The **swim bladder** (gas bladder, air bladder) is an internal gas-filled organ. It helps many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy.

Fish with a swim bladder can stay at their current water depth without having to waste energy in swimming.  The dorsal position of the swim bladder means the center of mass is below the center of volume, so it acts as a stabilizing agent. Also, the swim bladder is a resonating chamber, to produce or receive sound.

Swim bladders are evolutionarily closely related (i.e., homologous) to lung<nowiki/>s. Traditional wisdom has it that the first lungs (simple sacs connected to the gut) allowed the fish to gulp air in oxygen-poor conditions. They evolved into the lungs of today's terrestrial vertebrates and some fish (lungfish, gar, bichir) and also into the swim bladders of the ray-finned fishes.
Barsha Lekhi

**Barsha Lekhi** () (born May 5, 1993, in Saptari, Nepal) is a title winner of Miss Nepal International 2016 and environmental activist. She is second runner up of Miss International Nepal 2016. She had also represented Nepal at the Miss International 2016 beauty pageant which was held in Japan on October 27, 2016. She also won Miss Popular title in Miss Nepal 2016.

Being an environmental science student she has worked at NEFIN-REDD/CC Partnership Program. Currently She is pursuing her master's degree in Environmental Science from Jawaharlal Nehru University.
Hadrian's Mausoleum

The **Mausoleum of Hadrian**, now known as **Castel Sant'Angelo**  is a towering cylindrical building in Parco Adriano, Rome.

It was commissioned by the Roman Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleum for himself and his family. The building was later used by the popes as a fortress and castle. It is now a museum. The structure was once the tallest building in Rome.
Nagma Shrestha

**Nagma Shrestha** (Nepali: नगमा श्रेष्ठ) (born 10 November 1991) in Kathmandu, Nepal is a Nepali Model, Television presenter & producer. She is also the title winner of Miss Earth Nepal 2012 & directly nominated for Miss Universe Nepal 2017 by the organizer and represented Nepal in Miss Universe 2017. She completed her +2 study from United Academy & bachelors in business study from Time Business School.
Manushi Chhillar

**Manushi Chhillar** (born 14 May 1997) in Haryana, India is  Indian model, winner of Miss India 2017  and the winner of the Miss World 2017 beauty contest. She is listed in 6th Indian women to won Miss World beauty pageant after Priyanka Chopra. She also won the title of Miss Photogenic in Miss India competition.

## Infobox (pageant titleholder)

- **image**: Manushi Chhillar in Brazil.jpg
- **caption**: Chhillar in 2018
- **name**: Manushi Chhillar
- **birth place**: Rohtak, Haryana, India
- **height**: 1.75 m
- **education**: St. Thomas' School (New Delhi), St. Thomas' School
- **alma mater**: Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College Sonipat
- **title**: Femina Miss India Haryana, Femina Miss Haryana 2017
Femina Miss India 2017
Miss World 2017
- **competitions**: Femina Miss India 2017
(Winner)
Miss World 2017
(Winner)
- **hair color**: Black hair, Black
- **eye color**: Eye color#Brown, Brown
Khichdi (TV series)

**Khichdi Returns** is an Indian television series. Which  premiered on 14 April 2018 and airs  Star Plus and features the same cast in the series.
The series was first launched in 2002, and aired two seasons.
The series tentatively titled **Khichdi Returns**.

## Cast

- Supriya Pathak as Hansa Parekh
- Anang Desai as Tulsidas Parekh (Bapuji)
- Rajeev Mehra as Praful Parekh
- Vandana Pathak as Jayashree Parekh
- JD Majethia as Himanshu Seth

## Infobox (television)

- **genre**: Sitcom
Comedy
Drama
- **writer**: JD Majethia
- **director**: Aatish Kapadia
- **producer**: JD Majethia
- **network**: Star Plus
- **num episodes**: 8 as of (9 June 2018)
- **num seasons**: 1
- **country**: India
- **language**: Hindi language, Hindi
- **last aired**: present
- **related**: Instant Khichdi
**Proceded by** Khichdi (2018 TV series), Khichdi
Españolada

**Españolada** (translated in English as **Typically Spanish**) is a derogatory term to those artistic works that gives an exaggerated image of Spanish people based on stereotypes. One of the most notorious example is the Andalusian folklore, being (for example) flamenco very popular among foreign people.

This term has another meaning that focuses on any flamboyant and messy effort that actually is worthless, for example the expression:

## Background

This distortion about Spain would have its beginnings in the 19th century, when several European writers and artists from the romanticism era made popular the "Spanish Myth". One of those famous novels inspired in Spain were _Carmen_ by Prosper Mérimée.

### Cinema

Regarding the cinema, it was created in the 1930s as a subgenre developed after the Spanish Civil War and Francoism. Some known productions were: _El turismo es un gran invento_, _Amor a la española_, _40 grados a la sombra_, _Vente a Alemania, Pepe_ and _Abuelo made in Spain_ among others.

According José Luis Navarrete, these films were so popular because they gave the population an unrealistic and idyllic vision about how Spain should be.
Rojisha Shahi

**Rojisha Shahi Thakuri** (Nepali: रोजिशा शाही ठकुरी) (born september 17, 1993) in Lalitpur, Nepal is a Nepali model, dancer, actor and  the winner of Miss Nepal Earth 2013 beauty pageant. She has represented Nepal in Miss Earth 2013 which was held in Philipines. She rose fame from her debut  movie Aadha Love & second hit movie Gangster Blues. She is well known celebrity and Television presenter of the Nation.
Naskh (script)

**Naskh** (Arabic: اَلنِّسْخِ) is the name for all cursive scripts that are mainly used to copy texts that use the Arabic language.
Bradley, Illinois

**Bradley** (formerly **North Kankakee**) is a village in Kankakee County, Illinois. It has a population of about 15,000 people.
Sergio Pitol

**Sergio Pitol Deméneghi** (18 March 1933 – 12 April 2018) was a Mexican writer, translator and diplomat. In 2005 he received the Cervantes Prize. He was born in Puebla, Mexico. In the 1980s, he served as Ambassador to Czechoslovakia. He also served as a professor at the UNAM, at the Universidad Veracruzana in Xalapa, and at the University of Bristol in England.

Pitol died of complications from a stroke on 12 April 2018 in Xalapa, Mexico at the age of 85.

## Other websites

- CBC: Mexico's Sergio Pitol wins Cervantes lit prize
- BBC Mundo:  Cervantes para Sergio Pitol
- Academia Mexicana de la Lengua
Carmen Stănescu

**Carmen Stănescu** (29 July 1925 – 11 April 2018) was a Romanian actress. She was born in Bucharest. She was known for her roles in _The Boors_, _Premiera_, and _Kingdom in the Clouds_.

Stănescu died of cardiopulmonary arrest on 11 April 2018 in Snagov, Romania at the age of 92.
Karen Dawisha

**Karen Dawisha** (December 2, 1949 – April 11, 2018) was an American political scientist and writer. She was a professor in the Department of Political Science at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, and the director of The Havighurst Center for Russian and Post-Soviet Studies.

Dawisha died in Oxford, Ohio on April 11, 2018 of cardiac arrest at the age of 68.

## Infobox (writer)

- **name**: Karen Dawisha
- **image**: Karen Dawisha headshot.png
- **caption**: Karen Dawisha
- **birth place**: Pueblo, Colorado, U.S.
- **death place**: Oxford, Ohio, U.S.
- **occupation**: Academic and Author
- **nationality**: United States, American
- **education**: Lancaster University
London School of Economics
- **notablework**: _Putin's Kleptocracy_
- **spouse**: Adeed Dawisha
Oxford, Ohio

**Oxford** is a city in northwestern Butler County, Ohio, United States, in the southwestern part of the state.  The population was 23,035 at the 2020 census.  This college town was founded as a home for Miami University.

In 2014, Oxford was rated by _Forbes_ as the "Best College Town" in the United States, based on a high percentage of students per capita and part-time jobs.

## Other websites

- City of Oxford
Slide Hampton

**Locksley Wellington "Slide" Hampton** (April 21, 1932 – November 18, 2021) was an American jazz trombonist, composer and arranger. As his The instrument he played most was slide trombone. This is why people called him Slide. He also sometimes played tuba and flugelhorn.

Hampton taught at Harvard, artist-in-residence in 1981, the University of Massachusetts, DePaul University in Chicago, and Indiana State University.

Hampton died on November 18, 2021 at his home in Orange, New Jersey at the age of 89.

## Other websites

- Slide Hampton Website
- Official Slide Hampton™ Webstore
- Slide Hampton™ EPK
- Slide Hampton discography at JazzDiscography.com
- Slide Hampton at The Trombone Page of the World
- Trombone.org: Slide Hampton

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Slide Hampton
- **image**: SlideHampton.jpg
- **landscape**: yes
- **caption**: Hampton at Jerusalem Jazz Festival
- **background**: non_vocal_instrumentalist
- **birth name**: Locksley Wellington Hampton
- **birth place**: Jeannette, Pennsylvania, Jeannette, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- **death place**: Orange, New Jersey, U.S.
- **genre**: Jazz
- **occupation**: Musician
- **instrument**: Trombone, Tuba, Flugelhorn
- **years active**: 1950s–2021
- **label**: Manchester Craftsmen's Guild, MCG Jazz, Atlantic records, Atlantic, Epic Records, Epic
Jeannette, Pennsylvania

**Jeannette** is a city in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, United States. Jeannette was founded in 1888.

The city got its name from one of the original city fathers, who wished to honor his wife by giving the new town her first name: Jeannette. The city celebrated its 125th anniversary in July 2013.

The population was 8,780 according to the 2020 census.
Tim O'Connor

**Timothy James O'Connor** (July 3, 1927 – April 5, 2018) was an American character actor. He was known for his roles are Dr. Elias Huer in _Buck Rogers in the 25th Century_, Jack Boland in _General Hospital_, and Elliot Carson in _Peyton Place_. He also had recurring roles on _Barnaby Jones_ and _Dynasty_.

O'Connor died of heart failure in Nevada City, California on April 5, 2018 at the age of 90.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Tim O'Connor.jpg
- **imagesize**: 150px
- **name**: Tim O'Connor
- **birth place**: Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
- **death place**: Nevada City, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 1949–2011
- **spouse**: Mary Foskett (1957–1974) (divorced) (1child)
Sheila MacLurg O'Connor	(?–2018)
(1 Son) Tim O'Connor – musician
Nevada City, California

**Nevada City** (originally, ***Ustumah***, a Nisenan Maidu village; later, **Nevada**, **Deer Creek Dry Diggins**, and **Caldwell's Upper Store**) is the county seat of Nevada County, California, United States. It is located  northeast of Sacramento and 28 miles north of Auburn.

At the 2020 census, the population was 3,152.

## Infobox (settlement)

- **official name**: Nevada City, California
- **settlement type**: City (California), City
- **image skyline**: Nevada City California 2011.jpg
- **image caption**: Broad Street, Downtown Nevada City
- **image map**: Nevada_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Nevada_City_Highlighted.svg
- **mapsize**: 250x200px
- **map caption**: Location in Nevada County, California, Nevada County and the state of California
- **pushpin map**: USA
- **pushpin map caption**: Location in the United States
- **pushpin relief**: 1
- **pushpin label**: Nevada City
- **subdivision type**: List of sovereign states, Country
- **subdivision name**: United States
- **subdivision type1**: U.S. state, State
- **subdivision name1**: California
- **subdivision type2**: List of counties in California, County
- **subdivision name2**: Nevada County, California, Nevada
- **established title**: Municipal corporation, Incorporated
- **established date**: April 19, 1856
- **unit pref**: Imperial
- **area total sq mi**: 2.19
- **area land sq mi**: 2.19
- **area water sq mi**: 0.00
- **area total km2**: 5.68
- **area land km2**: 5.67
- **area water km2**: 0.01
- **area water percent**: 0.17
- **elevation ft**: 2477
- **elevation m**: 755
- **population as of**: 2020 United States Census, 2020
- **population total**: 3152
- **population density km2**: auto
- **population density sq mi**: auto
- **timezone**: Pacific Time Zone, Pacific (PST)
- **utc offset**: -8
- **timezone dst**: PDT
- **utc offset dst**: -7
- **postal code type**: ZIP code
- **postal code**: 95959
- **area code**: Area code 530, 530
- **blank name**: Federal Information Processing Standard, FIPS code
- **blank1 name**: Geographic Names Information System, GNIS feature IDs
- **blank1 info**: ,
Auburn, California

**Auburn** is a city in and the county seat of Placer County, California. Its population was 13,776 during the 2020 census.

Auburn is known for its California Gold Rush history, and is registered as a California Historical Landmark.
Peyton Place (TV series)

***Peyton Place*** is an American prime-time soap opera which aired on ABC in half-hour episodes from September 15, 1964, to June 2, 1969. It starred Academy Award-winning actress Dorothy Malone.

It is based on the 1956 novel of the same name by Grace Metalious. It aired a total of 514 episodes were broadcast, in black-and-white from 1964 to 1966 and in color from 1966 to 1969.

A number of guest stars appeared in the series for extended periods. Some of them were Leslie Nielsen and Gena Rowlands, who won an Primetime Emmy Award for her role in the series. The series served as the first roles for some performers, including Mia Farrow, Ryan O'Neal, David Canary, Mariette Hartley, Tim O'Connor, and Lana Wood.

## Infobox (television)

- **image**: Peyton Place cast 3.JPG
- **genre**: Soap opera
- **creator**: Grace Metalious
<small>(Peyton Place (novel), original 1956 novel)</small>
- **starring**: Dorothy Malone
Warner Anderson
Ed Nelson
Mia Farrow
Barbara Rush
Ryan O'Neal
and (over the entire run of the series) a cast of over 200 actors in primary and secondary roles
- **theme music composer**: Franz Waxman
- **opentheme**: "Theme from _Peyton Place_"
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **num seasons**: 5
- **num episodes**: 514
- **executive producer**: Paul Monash
- **producer**: Everett Chambers
Richard Goldstone
- **camera**: Single-camera setup, Single-camera
- **runtime**: 22–24 minutes
- **company**: 20th Century Fox Television
- **channel**: American Broadcasting Company, ABC
Tatum O'Neal

**Tatum Beatrice O'Neal** (born November 5, 1963) is an American actress and author. She is the youngest person ever to win an Academy Award, which she won in 1974 at age 10 for her role as Addie Loggins in _Paper Moon_. She also starred in _The Bad News Bears_ (1976), _Nickelodeon_ (1976), and _Little Darlings_ (1980).

On June 1, 2008, she was arrested for buying crack cocaine near her Manhattan apartment building.

In 2015, she said she had begun dating women, while choosing not to identify as either lesbian, bisexual or heterosexual, saying, "I'm not one or the other."

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Tatum O'Neal
- **image**: Tatum O'Neal - November 2014 (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: O'Neal in November 2014
- **birth name**: Tatum Beatrice O'Neal
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress, author
- **years active**: 1973–present
- **children**: Kevin John McEnroe (b. 1986)
Sean Timothy McEnroe (b. 1987)
Emily Katherine McEnroe (b. 1991)
- **parents**: Ryan O'Neal
Joanna Moore (1934–1997)
- **relatives**: Griffin O'Neal (brother)
Patrick O'Neal (sportscaster), Patrick O'Neal (half-brother)
Redmond O'Neal (half-brother)
Frank Skartados

**Frank Skartados** (; January 3, 1956 – April 15, 2018) was an Greek-born American businessman and politician. He is the Assemblyman for the 104th district of the New York State Assembly after defeating 14-year incumbent Thomas Kirwan in 2008.

Skartados was the Assemblyman of the 100th district from 2008 – 2010. Skartados lost to Kirwan in a 2011 election, but Kirwan died shortly afterwards. In March 20, 2012, a special election was held for the vacant seat, which Skartados won with more than 60 percent of the vote. He was re-elected for a full term on November 6, 2012 and on November 4, 2014 by 60% of the vote.

On April 12, 2018, Skartados was hospitalized in Newburgh, New York with a "serious illness" and according his chief of staff is "not likely going to recover". He died three days later of pancreatic cancer at the hospital at the age of 62.

## Other websites

- 104th district

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Frank Skartados
- **image name**: Frank Skartados.jpg
- **state assembly**: New York
- **state**: New York
- **district**: 104th
- **term start**: March 21, 2012
- **term end**: April 15, 2018
- **preceded**: Thomas Kirwan
- **succeeded**: TBD
- **term start2**: January 1, 2009
- **term end2**: December 31, 2010
- **preceded2**: Thomas Kirwan
- **succeeded2**: Thomas Kirwan
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **birth place**: Astypalea, Greece
- **death place**: Newburgh, New York, U.S.
- **alma mater**: State University of New York at New Paltz; California State University, Sacramento
- **profession**: Business, Public Relations, Farmer
- **residence**: Milton, Ulster County, New York, Milton, New York
Larry Harvey

**Larry Harvey** (January 11, 1948 – April 28, 2018) was an American artist, philanthropist and activist. He was born in San Francisco, California. He was the main co-founder of the Burning Man event, along with his friend Jerry James. He was also the president of the Black Rock Arts Foundation, a non-profit art grant foundation for promoting interactive collaborative public art.

On April 4, 2018, Harvey was hospitalized in San Francisco after suffering from a "massive" stroke and remained under critical condition. He died on April 28, 2018 at the age of 70.

## Other websites

- Burning Man 2016 Financial Highlights
- Biography of Larry Harvey
- Speeches and Lectures by Larry Harvey
- Zpub - Larry Harvey quotes
Double factorial

**Double factorial** is a method of calculating how many times a number is repeated in a geometric equation. This way, we can calculate the number of times a product is used in its life-time.

The double factorial of _n_ is written as . When _n_ is a positive odd integer,  is defined as . When n is an positive even integer,  is defined as . By definition, .

## Related pages

- Factorial
- Permutation
Elena Poniatowska

**Hélène Elizabeth Louise Amélie Paula Dolores Poniatowska** (born May 19, 1932), known professionally as **Elena Poniatowska** (), is a French-born Mexican journalist and author. She began writing for the newspaper _Excélsior_, doing interviews and society columns.

She is considered to be “Mexico's grande dame of letters” and is still an active writer.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Elena Poniatowska
- **image**: Elena Poniatowska.JPG
- **birth name**: Hélène Elizabeth Louise Amélie Paula Dolores Poniatowska
- **birth place**: Paris, France
- **occupation**: Journalist, author
- **awards**: ****
- **spouse**: Guillermo Haro (deceased)
- **children**: Emmanuel Haro Poniatowski (1955)
 Felipe Haro Poniatowski (1968)
 Paula Haro Poniatowska (1970)
Xalapa

**Xalapa** (often spelled **Jalapa**, ; ; officially **Xalapa-Enríquez** ) is the capital city of the Mexican state of Veracruz. In the 2005 census the city reported a population of 387,879.

The municipality has an area of 118.45 km². Xalapa lies near the geographic center of the state and is the second-largest city in the state after the city of Veracruz to the southeast.
Silhouette

A **silhouette** is an image in shape and outline only, usually filled in as black on a white background.

The inside of a silhouette is featureless.It differs from an outline. That shows the edge of an object in line form, but a silhouette is a solid shape. Silhouette images may be made in any visual artistic medium. The word was first used to describe pieces of cut paper, which were then stuck to a backing in a contrasting colour, and often framed.

Cutting portraits, generally in profile, from black card became popular in the mid-18th century. They were a cheap alternative to the portrait miniature. Skilled specialist artists could cut a high-quality bust portrait in a matter of minutes. Other artists, especially about 1790, drew an outline on paper, then painted it in, which could also be done quickly.

From its original graphic meaning, the term _silhouette_ has been extended to describe the sight or representation of a person, object or scene that is backlit, and appears dark against a lighter background. Anything that appears this way, for example, a figure standing backlit in a doorway, may be described as "in silhouette".
Khalifa Haftar

Field Marshal General **Khalifa Belqasim Haftar** (; born c. 1943) is a Libyan military officer and the head of the Eastern Libyan National Army. He engaged in the Second Libyan Civil War. On March 2, 2015, he was appointed commander of the armed forces loyal to the elected, internationally backed legislative body, the Libyan House of Representatives.

He also has American citizenship.

On 12 April 2018, it was reported that Haftar is in a coma after suffering a stroke and was hospitalized under intensive care in Paris. On 25 April, it was confirmed that Haftar is alive and was transported to Benghazi following treatment in Pairs.

In November 2021, Haftar announced his candidacy for President of Libya in the upcoming elections.

## Other websites

- Libya: The Djava Khalifa Haftar movement, whose founding leader is reportedly a soldier named Khalifah Haftar, who currently in exile in the United States (May 2006), Research Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, LBY101307.FE, accessed 19 October 2013, citing Haftar's previous anti-regime activities and subsequent exile

## Infobox (military person)

- **birth name**: Khalifa Belqasim Haftar
- **image**: General Haftar.jpg
- **birth place**: Ajdabiya, Libya
- **branch**: Libyan Ground Forces
- **rank**: Field marshal
- **commands**: Libyan National Army
- **battles**: Yom Kippur War (1973)

Chadian–Libyan conflict (1978–1987)

2011 Libyan Civil War, First Libyan Civil War

*Battle of Ajdabiya
*Third Battle of Brega
Libyan Civil War (2014–present), Second Libyan Civil War
Minka Kelly

**Minka Kelly** (born **Minka Dumont Dufay**; June 24, 1980) is an American actress. She is most known for her roles in the television shows _Friday Night Lights_ (2006–2009), _Parenthood_ (2010–2011), _Charlie's Angels_ (2011), and _Almost Human_ (2013).

In movies, she starred as Autumn in the 2009 movie _500 Days of Summer_ and as Jackie Kennedy in Lee Daniels' 2013 movie _The Butler_.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Minka Kelly
- **image**: Minka Kelly 2012.jpg
- **caption**: Kelly at The Heart Truth's Red Dress Collection 2012
- **birth name**: Minka Dumont Dufay
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **parents**: Rick Dufay
Maureen Dumont Kelly
- **occupation**: Actress, model
- **years active**: 2003–present
Kempele

**Kempele** is a municipality in northern Finland. There were 17,499 people living there on 31 August 2017. Kempele borders Liminka, Oulu and Tyrnävä.

Kempele was founded in 1867.

## Other websites

- The official Kempele page
United States National Economic Council

The **National Economic Council** (**NEC**) of the United States is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering economic policy matters, separate from matters relating to domestic policy, which are the domain of the Domestic Policy Council.

## Directors of the National Economic Council

|Officeholder|Term start|Term end|President||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|Robert Rubin|January 25, 1993|January 11, 1995|rowspan=3|Bill Clinton|
|Laura Tyson|February 21, 1995|December 12, 1996|||
|Gene Sperling|December 12, 1996|January 20, 2001|||
|Lawrence B. Lindsey|January 20, 2001|December 12, 2002|rowspan=4|George W. Bush|
|Stephen Friedman|December 12, 2002|January 10, 2005|||
|Allan B. Hubbard|January 10, 2005|November 28, 2007|||
|Keith Hennessey|November 28, 2007|January 20, 2009|||
|Lawrence Summers|January 20, 2009|December 31, 2010|rowspan=3|Barack Obama|
|Gene Sperling|January 20, 2011|March 5, 2014|||
|Jeffrey Zients|March 5, 2014|January 20, 2017|||
|Gary Cohn|January 20, 2017|April 2, 2018|rowspan=2|Donald Trump|
|Larry Kudlow|April 2, 2018|January 20, 2021|||
|Brian Deese|January 20, 2021|February 21, 2023|rowspan=2|Joe Biden|
|Lael Brainard|February 21, 2023|January 20, 2025|||
|Kevin Hassett|January 20, 2025||Donald Trump||

## Other websites

- National Economic Council

## Infobox (government agency)

- **agency name**: National Economic Council
- **seal**: US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg
- **seal width**: 140px
- **formed**: 1993
- **headquarters**: Eisenhower Executive Office Building
Washington, DC
- **employees**: 25
- **chief1 name**: Kevin Hassett
- **chief1 position**: Director
- **parent agency**: Office of White House Policy
- **website**: [http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/nec/ National Economic Council]
Robert Rubin

**Robert Edward "Bob" Rubin** (born August 29, 1938) is an American lawyer, former cabinet member, and retired banking executive. He served as the 70th United States Secretary of the Treasury during the Clinton administration. Before his government service, he spent 26 years at Goldman Sachs, eventually serving as a member of the board and co-chairman from 1990 to 1992.

## Other websites

- Profile  at Council on Foreign Relations

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Robert Rubin
- **image**: Pr4262ls-treasury-rubin.jpg
- **office**: Chair of the Council on Foreign Relations
- **president**: Richard N. Haass, Richard Haass
- **alongside**: Carla Anderson Hills, Carla Hills
- **term start**: June 30, 2007
- **term end**: July 1, 2017
- **predecessor**: Peter George Peterson, Peter Peterson
- **successor**: David Rubenstein
- **office1**: List of Chief Executives of Citigroup, Chairman of Citigroup

- **term start1**: November 4, 2007
- **term end1**: December 11, 2007
- **predecessor1**: Charles Prince
- **successor1**: Win Bischoff
- **office2**: 70th United States Secretary of the Treasury
- **president2**: Bill Clinton
- **term start2**: January 11, 1995
- **term end2**: July 2, 1999
- **predecessor2**: Lloyd Bentsen
- **successor2**: Lawrence Summers, Larry Summers
- **office3**: 1st Director of the United States National Economic Council, National Economic Council
- **president3**: Bill Clinton
- **term start3**: January 25, 1993
- **term end3**: January 11, 1995
- **predecessor3**: Position established
- **successor3**: Laura Tyson
- **birth name**: Robert Edward Rubin
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Judith Oxenberg
- **children**: 2
- **education**: Harvard University
London School of Economics
Yale University
- **signature**: Robert E Rubin sig.jpg
Stephen Friedman

**Stephen "Steve" Friedman** (born December 21, 1937) is an American intelligence officer and businessman. He was the former chairman of the United States President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. He was nominated on October 27, 2005, to replace Brent Scowcroft in the position. He served as the 5th Director of the National Economic Council from 2002 to 2005.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Stephen Friedman
- **office**: Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board
- **president**: George W. Bush
Barack Obama
- **term start**: December 20, 2005
- **term end**: October 28, 2009
- **predecessor**: James C. Langdon, Jr., Jim Langdon
- **successor**: Chuck Hagel
David L. Boren, David Boren
- **office1**: 5th Director of the United States National Economic Council, National Economic Council
- **president1**: George W. Bush
- **term start1**: December 12, 2002
- **term end1**: January 10, 2005
- **predecessor1**: Lawrence B. Lindsey, Larry Lindsey
- **successor1**: Allan B. Hubbard, Al Hubbard
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Barbara Benioff
- **children**: David Benioff (born David Friedman)
2 daughters
- **education**: Cornell University
Columbia Law School
- **image**: Stephen Friedman (cropped).jpg
Mickey Kantor

**Michael Kantor** (born August 7, 1939) is an American politician and lawyer. After serving as the Clinton-Gore campaign chair in 1992, Kantor was appointed United States Trade Representative, holding that office from 1993 to 1996. He was, in 1996 and 1997, United States Secretary of Commerce.

## Other websites

- Kantor on Clinton
- Kantor on free trade

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mickey Kantor
- **image**: MichaelKantor.jpg
- **office**: 31st United States Secretary of Commerce
- **president**: Bill Clinton
- **term start**: April 12, 1996
- **term end**: January 21, 1997
- **predecessor**: Ron Brown (U.S. politician), Ron Brown
- **successor**: William M. Daley, Bill Daley
- **office1**: 11th Office of the United States Trade Representative, United States Trade Representative
- **president1**: Bill Clinton
- **term start1**: January 22, 1993
- **term end1**: April 12, 1996
- **predecessor1**: Carla Anderson Hills, Carla Hills
- **successor1**: Charlene Barshefsky
- **birth place**: Nashville, Tennessee, Nashville, Tennessee, United States, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **spouse**: Valerie Woods
Heidi Schulman
- **children**: 4
- **education**: Vanderbilt University
Georgetown University
John Albert Knebel

**John Albert Knebel** (born October 4, 1936) is an American government official. He served as Secretary of Agriculture under President Gerald Ford serving from November 4, 1976 through January 20, 1977.

His period in this office was brief and ended January 20, 1977, when Jimmy Carter replaced Ford in the White House.

## Other websites

- Profiles of former Secretaries of Agriculture
- American President site

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: John Knebel
- **image**: John Albert Knebel - USDA portrait.png
- **office**: 19th United States Secretary of Agriculture
- **president**: Gerald Ford
- **term start**: November 4, 1976
- **term end**: January 20, 1977
- **predecessor**: Earl Butz
- **successor**: Robert Bergland
- **birth place**: Tulsa, Oklahoma, Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **spouse**: Zenia Marks
- **education**: United States Military Academy
Creighton University
American University
Stratigraphic column

A **straticgraphic column** is a tool used in geology and related fields: It will show the different layers (or strata) which are present at a site. The oldest layer will be on the bottom, and the newest one on top.
Norman R. Augustine

**Norman Ralph Augustine** (born July 27, 1935) is an American aerospace businessman. He served as United States Under Secretary of the Army from 1975 to 1977. Augustine served as chairman of the Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee.

## Other websites

- Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee website

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Norman R. Augustine
- **image**: Norman_Ralph_Augustine.jpg
- **caption**: Norman Augustine, chair of the Human Space Flight Review Committee, at the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C., Washington.
- **birth place**: Denver, Colorado
- **occupation**: Chairman of the Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee
- **education**: Princeton University <small>(B.S.)</small>
Gordon R. England

**Gordon Richard England** (born September 15, 1937) is an American businessman. He served as the U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense and twice as U.S. Secretary of the Navy in the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush.

## Other websites

- Gordon R. England, White House biography

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gordon England
- **image**: Gordon England portrait.jpg
- **office**: 25th United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
- **president**: George W. Bush
Barack Obama
- **term start**: May 13, 2005
- **term end**: February 11, 2009

- **predecessor**: Paul Wolfowitz
- **successor**: William J. Lynn III, William Lynn
- **office1**: 72nd and 73rd United States Secretary of the Navy
- **president1**: George W. Bush
- **term start1**: October 1, 2003
- **term end1**: January 3, 2006
- **predecessor1**: Hansford T. Johnson
- **successor1**: Donald C. Winter
- **president2**: George W. Bush
- **term start2**: May 24, 2001
- **term end2**: January 24, 2003
- **predecessor2**: Robert B. Pirie Jr.
- **successor2**: Susan Livingstone
- **office3**: 1st United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security
- **president3**: George W. Bush
- **term start3**: January 24, 2003
- **term end3**: October 1, 2003
- **predecessor3**: Position established
- **successor3**: James Loy
- **birth name**: Gordon Richard England
- **birth place**: Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
- **party**: Republican Party (United States), Republican
- **education**: University of Maryland, College Park
Texas Christian University