juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Castaways of the Flying Dutchman

***Castaways of the Flying Dutchman*** is the first book in the _Castaways of the Flying Dutchman_ series written by Brian Jacques. It was published in 2001. It is based on the legend of the ghost ship the _Flying Dutchman_. A 13-year-old boy named Nebuchadnezzar (Neb for short, later he switches that backwards and becomes Ben), and his dog, Denmark (Den for short, later switched backwards to Ned), are the lone survivors of the _Flying Dutchman_. They have to wander the earth forever, and will stay forever young, helping those who need help.

The second book, _The Angel's Command_ was published in 2003. _Voyage of Slaves_ (the third and last book) was published in 2006.

## Infobox (book)

- **name**: Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
- **author**: Brian Jacques
- **illustrator**: Ian Schoenherr
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **series**: Brian Jacques#Castaways of the Flying Dutchman series, Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
- **genre**: Fantasy novel
- **publisher**: Puffin Books
- **release date**: 2001
- **media type**: Print (Paperback)
- **pages**: 336
- **isbn**: 978-0-399-23601-3
- **dewey**: [Fic] 21
- **congress**: PZ7.J15317 Cas 2001
- **oclc**: 45058678
- **followed by**: The Angel's Command
Division of Bradfield

The **Division of Bradfield** is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was created in 1949 and is named for Dr John Bradfield, the designer of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

It includes the suburbs of St Ives Chase, St Ives, East Killara, East Lindfield, Roseville Chase,Roseville, Lindfield,<nowiki/> West Lindfield, West Killara, West Pymble, South Turramurra, Thornleigh, Gordon, Lindfield, Pymble, Killara, Wahroonga, Waitara and Hornsby.

Bradfield is the richest electorate in Australia.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Billy Hughes|Liberal|1949–1952|
|||Harry Turner|Liberal|1952–1974|
|||David Connolly|Liberal|1974–1996|
|||Brendan Nelson|Liberal|1996–2009|
|||Paul Fletcher|Liberal|2009–2025|
|||Nicolette Boele|Independent|2025–present|

Billy Hughes was a former Prime Minister of Australia and the last serving member of the first federal Parliament. Brendan Nelson was a minister in the third and fourth Howard Governments and the Leader of the Opposition from 2007 to 2008.

## Other websites

- Division of Bradfield – Australian Electoral Commission
- Paul Fletcher's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Bradfield
- **image**: Division of Bradfield 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Bradfield (green) in New South Wales
- **created**: 1949
- **namesake**: John Bradfield (engineer), John Bradfield
- **electors**: 97,255 (2010)
- **area**: 99
- **class**: Inner Metropolitan
Rolv Wesenlund

**Rolv Helge Wesenlund** (17 September 1936 – 18 August 2013) was a Norwegian comedian, singer, clarinetist, writer, and actor. Wesenlund was most famous for having portrayed the title character in _Bør Børson_, _Bør Børson II_, and in the TV series _Fleksnes Fataliteter_.

Wesenlund was born on 17 September 1936 in Horten. His career began in 1964. Wesenlund died on 18 August 2013 in Oslo from heart failure, aged 76.

## Other websites

- _Livet er godt — og det må vi si fra om!_  — interview in the Norwegian magazine «Vi over 60»
- Biography about his role as H.C. Andersen—ambassador

## Infobox (comedian)

- **name**: Rolv Helge Wesenlund
- **image**: 57196 Rolv Wesenlund.jpg
- **caption**: Wesenlund in 1967
Gabriel García Moreno

**Gabriel Gregorio Fernando José María García y Moreno y Morán de Buitrón** (December 24, 1821 – August 6, 1875) was an Ecuadorian politician who twice served as President of Ecuador (1859–65 and 1869–75) and was assassinated during his second term, after being elected to a third.

He is known for his conservatism, Catholic religious belief and being enemies with liberal strongman Eloy Alfaro. Under his administration, Ecuador became a leader in science and higher education within Latin America.

In addition to the advances in education and science, he was noted for economically and agriculturally advancing the country, as well as for his staunch opposition to corruption, even giving his own salary to charity.

Moreno was born on December 24, 1821 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He was married two times. The Liberals hated García Moreno; when he was elected a third time in 1875, it was considered to be his death warrant. He wrote immediately to Pope Pius IX asking for his blessing before inauguration day on August 30.

Moreno was assassinated exiting the Cathedral in Quito on August 6, 1875. He was struck down with knives and revolvers, his last words being: "¡Dios no muere!" ("God does not die!").  Faustino Rayo assaulted him with six or seven blows of a machete, while three others fired their revolvers.

Gabriel Garcia Moreno received Last Rites just before he died. Pope Pius IX declared that Gabriel Garcia Moreno _"died a victim for the Faith and Christian Charity for his beloved country."_

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the history of the country's presidents
- Catholic Encyclopedia: _Gabriel Garcia Moreno_
- Christian Order: _The Prophecy of Garcia Moreno's Presidency & Death_

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Gabriel García Moreno
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **image**: Gabriel García Moreno.jpg
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
 <small></small>
- **spouse**: Rosa de Ascásubi
Mariana del Alcázar
- **party**: Conservative Party (Ecuador), Conservative Party
- **order**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: August 10, 1869
- **term end**: August 6, 1875
- **vicepresident**: Francisco Xavier León (1869-1875)
- **predecessor**: Manuel de Ascásubi
- **successor**: Rafael Carvajal
- **order2**: Interim List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start2**: January 17, 1869
- **term end2**: May 19, 1869
- **predecessor2**: Juan Javier Espinosa
- **successor2**: Manuel de Ascásubi
- **order3**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start3**: April 2, 1861
- **term end3**: August 30, 1865
- **vicepresident3**: Mariano Cueva (1861-1865)
- **successor3**: Rafael Carvajal
- **order4**: Interim List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start4**: January 17, 1861
- **term end4**: April 2, 1861
- **predecessor4**: Francisco Robles
- **signature**: Firma de Gabriel García Moreno.svg
Vicente Rocafuerte

**Vicente Rocafuerte y Bejarano** (May 1, 1783 – May 16, 1847) was an influential figure in Ecuadorian politics. He served as President of Ecuador from September 10, 1834 to January 31, 1839.

Rocafuerte was born into an aristocratic family in Guayaquil, Ecuador on May 1, 1783. During his youth, was sent to Madrid to finish his education. He returned to Ecuador in 1807. Rocafuerte died on May 16, 1847 in Lima, Peru from complications of a fever. He was 64 years old.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Vicente Rocafuerte
- **order**: 2nd List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: August 8, 1835
- **term end**: January 31, 1839
- **vicepresident**: Juan Bernardo León
- **predecessor**: Juan José Flores
- **successor**: Juan José Flores
- **order2**: 2nd List of heads of state of Ecuador, Supreme Chief of the State
- **term start2**: June 8. 1835
- **term end2**: August 8, 1835
- **order3**: Supreme Chief of the Department of Guayas
- **term start3**: September 10. 1834
- **term end3**: June 22, 1835
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Lima, Peru
- **spouse**: Baltasara Calderón
- **signature**: Firma de Vicente Rocafuerte.svg
José Joaquín de Olmedo

**José Joaquín de Olmedo y Maruri** (March 20, 1780 – February 19, 1847) was a patriot and poet. He was the son of the Spanish Captain Don Miguel de Olmedo y Troyano and the Guayaquilean Ana Francisca de Maruri y Salavarría.

Olmedo was born on March 20, 1780 in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

On October 9, 1820, Olmedo and others declared the city of Guayaquil independent from Spain. He was President of the _Free Province of Guayaquil_ until it was united to _Gran Colombia_ by Simón Bolívar against Olmedo's will. He was also twice mayor of Guayaquil.

He was Vice President of Ecuador from 1830 to 1831.

He was President of Ecuador from June 6, 1845, to December 8, 1845, surviving an attempted coup on June 18 of that year.

Olmedo died on February 19, 1847 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from complications of yellow fever. He was 66 years old.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: José Joaquín de Olmedo
- **image**: Jjolemdo.jpg
- **order**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: March 6, 1845
- **term end**: December 8, 1845
- **predecessor**: Juan José Flores
- **successor**: Vicente Ramón Roca
- **birth date**: March 20, 1780
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **spouse**: María Rosa Icaza y Silva
- **alma mater**: Universidad Mayor de San Marcos
- **signature**: Firma de José Joaquín de Olmedo.svg
Vicente Ramón Roca

**Vicente Ramón Roca Rodríguez** (2 September 1792 – 23 February 1858) was President of Ecuador from 8 December 1845 to 15 October 1849. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He led the revolution that overthrew Juan José Flores, along with José Joaquín de Olmedo and Diego Noboa. He ruled under the Constitution of 1845.

Roca was born on 2 September 1792 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He was married to Juana Andrade. Roca died on 23 February 1858 from complications of pneumonia, aged 65.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Vicente Ramón Roca
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **image**: Vicente Ramón Roca.jpg
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **spouse**: Juana Andrade
- **order**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: December 8, 1845
- **term end**: October 15, 1849
- **vicepresident**: Pablo Merino (1845-1847)
Manuel de Ascásubi (1847-1849)
- **predecessor**: Juan José Flores
- **successor**: Manuel de Ascásubi
Manuel de Ascásubi

**Manuel de Ascázubi y Matheu** (1802 – December 25, 1876) served as Vice President of Ecuador from 1847 to 1851 and in that capacity he was also acting President from 10 October 1849 to 10 June 1850.

Ascásubi was born in 1802 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He died on December 25, 1876 in Quito, Ecuador from a heart attack. He was 74 years old.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
- http://www.euskalnet.net/laviana/gen_bascas/ascasubi.htm
- http://www.vicepresidencia.gov.ec/lavicepresidencia/historia/vicepresidentes-en-la-historia

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Manuel de Ascásubi
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **image**: Manuel de Ascásubi y Matheu0001.jpg
- **birth date**: 1802
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death date**: December 25, 1876
(aged 74)
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **order**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: October 10, 1849
- **term end**: June 10, 1850
- **predecessor**: Vicente Ramón Roca
- **successor**: Diego Noboa
Diego Noboa

**Diego de Noboa y Arteta** (April 15, 1789 – November 3, 1870) was President of Ecuador from December 8, 1850 to February 26, 1851 (interim) and February 26, 1851 to July 17, 1851.

Noboa was born on April 15, 1789 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He died on November 3, 1870 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from pneumonia, aged 81.

## Other websites

- Official website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country president's history

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Diego Noboa
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **image**: Diego Noboa Arteta.jpg
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **order**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: December 8, 1850
- **term end**: July 17, 1851
- **predecessor**: Manuel de Ascásubi
- **successor**: José María Urvina
José María Urvina

**José María Mariano Segundo de Urvina y Viteri** (19 March 1808 – 4 September 1891) was President of Ecuador from 13 July 1851 to 16 October 1856. He was born in Quillon (Pillaro- Tungurahua) on 19 March 1808.

José María Urvina pursued his primary education in the village of his birth. He then attended the Navy School in Guayaquil. He was notorious among his classmates from whom he obtained friendship and consideration.

Urvina died on 4 September 1891 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from natural causes. He was 83 years old.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
- http://www.enciclopediadelecuador.com

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: José María Urvina
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **image**: José María Urbina0001.jpg
- **birth place**: Quillon, Pillaro- Tungurahua, Ecuador
- **death place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **order**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: July 24, 1851
- **term end**: October 15, 1856
- **predecessor**: Diego Noboa
- **successor**: Francisco Robles
Francisco Robles

**Francisco Robles García** (May 5, 1811 – March 2, 1893) was an Ecuadorian politician. He was President of Ecuador from October 16, 1856, to September 17, 1859.

Robles was born on May 5, 1811, in Guayaquil, Royal Audience of Quito, Ecuador. He was married to Carmen Santistevan Avilés. Robles died on March 2, 1893, in Guayaquil, Ecuador from heart failure, aged 81.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Francisco Robles García
- **image**: Ecuador-robles.png
- **order**: 9th
- **office**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: October 16, 1856
- **term end**: August 31, 1859
- **vicepresident**: Jerónimo Carrión
- **predecessor**: José María Urvina
- **successor**: Gabriel García Moreno
- **birth date**: May 5, 1811
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Royal Audience of Quito
- **death place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **spouse**: Carmen Santistevan Avilés
Jerónimo Carrión

**Jerónimo Carrión y Palacio** (1804 – 5 May 1873) was President of Ecuador between 7 September 1865 and 6 November 1867. He also served as Vice President of Ecuador and led a brief rebellion in 1859.

He was a member of the Ecuadorian Conservative Party.

Carrión died on 5 May 1873 in Quito, Ecuador from pneumonia, aged 69.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jerónimo Carrión
- **image**: Jerónimo Carrión y Palacio.jpg
- **order**: 10th
- **office**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 7, 1865
- **term end**: November 6, 1867
- **predecessor**: Gabriel García Moreno
- **successor**: Pedro José de Arteta
- **birth date**: July 6th 1804
- **birth place**: Cariamanga, Royal Audience of Quito, Spanish Empire
- **death date**: 5 May 1873 (aged 69)
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Pedro José de Arteta

**Pedro José de Arteta y Calisto** (1797 – 24 August 1873) was Vice President of Ecuador from 1865 to 1869 and served briefly as President from 6 November 1867 to 20 January 1868. He was the brother of Nicolás Joaquín de Arteta y Calisto, first Archbishop of Quito. He was a Conservative.

Arteta was born in 1787 in Quito, Ecuador. He died from a heart attack in his home in Quito, Ecuador, aged 66.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Pedro José de Arteta
- **image**: Pedro José de Arteta (cropped).jpg
- **order**: 11th
- **office**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: November 7, 1867
- **term end**: January 20, 1868
- **predecessor**: Jerónimo Carrión
- **successor**: Juan Javier Espinosa
- **birth date**: 1797
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death date**: 24 August 1873 (aged 66)
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Television movie

**Television movies** (also called TV films/**television films**/**TV movies**/**telefilms**, **telemovies**/**made-for-television films**/**direct-to-TV films**/**movie of the weeks**/**feature-length dramas**/**single dramas**/**original movies/TV specials/made-for-TV-specials/original films/television specials/feature-length TV movies/full-length movies/feature-length television movies/television special premieres/television movie premieres/special premieres/television premieres/made-for-original TV films**) is a movie that is made for and first shown on a television network. Unlike theatrical movies, which are first seen in movie theaters, television movies are first seen on television. Some are first shown on television in one country, and in theaters in other countries.

One of the most well-known television movies is _The Day After_, which was seen by over 100 million people when it was first shown on ABC on November 20, 1983.
Juan Javier Espinosa

**Juan Javier Espinosa** (1815 – 4 September 1870) was President of Ecuador, from 20 January 1868 to 19 January 1869. He succeed Pedro José de Arteta as President of Ecuador. Gabriel García Moreno would soon succeed Espinosa as President.

Espinosa died on 4 September 1870 in Quito, Ecuador from a heart attack, aged 55.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Juan Javier Espinosa
- **image**: José Javier Espinosa (1815-1870).jpg
- **order**: 12th
- **office**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: January 20, 1868
- **term end**: January 19, 1869
- **predecessor**: Pedro José de Arteta
- **successor**: Gabriel García Moreno
- **birth date**: 1815
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Royal Audience of Quito
- **death date**: 4 September 1870 (aged 55)
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
The Day After

***The Day After*** is an American television movie. It was first shown on ABC on November 20, 1983. Over 100 million people watched the movie when it was first shown. When it was first shown, it caused a lot of controversy and discussion due to what it was about and what it showed.

The movie is about a fictional nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union. It follows several citizens and the people they see after a nuclear attack on Lawrence, Kansas and Kansas City, Missouri.

## Infobox (television film)

- **name**: The Day After
- **image**: thedayafter.jpg
- **caption**: _The Day After_ DVD cover
- **format**: Science fiction
Postapocalyptic
- **runtime**: 126 minutes
- **director**: Nicholas Meyer
- **producer**: Stephanie Austin (associate producer)
Robert Papazian (producer)
- **writer**: Edward Hume
- **starring**: Jason Robards
JoBeth Williams
Steve Guttenberg
John Cullum
John Lithgow
Amy Madigan
- **editing**: William Paul Dornisch
Robert Florio
- **music**: David Raksin
Virgil Thomson
- **cinematography**: Gayne Rescher
- **distributor**: American Broadcasting Company, ABC
- **studio**: ABC Circle Films
- **country**: United States
- **language**: English
- **network**: ABC
- **released**: November 20, 1983
Francisco León Franco

**Francisco Javier León Franco** (13 October 1832 – 10 August 1880) was Vice President of Ecuador in the administration of Gabriel García Moreno from 1869 to 1875, and acting President of Ecuador 6 August 1875 to 6 October 1875.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Francisco León Franco
- **image**: Francisco Javier León, Encargado del Poder en 1875.jpg
- **order**: 13th
- **office**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: August 6, 1875
- **term end**: September 15, 1875
- **predecessor**: Gabriel García Moreno
- **successor**: José Javier Eguiguren
- **birth place**: Quito, Royal Audience of Quito
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
José Javier Eguiguren

**José Javier Eguiguren Ríofrío** (3 December 1816 – 1884) was acting President of Ecuador from 6 October 1875 to 9 December 1875.

Eguiguren was born in 3 December 1816 in Ibarra, Ecuador. He died in 1884 in Quito, Ecuador.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: José Javier Eguiguren
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **image**: Jose Javier Eguiguren.jpg
- **birth date**: 3 December 1816
- **birth place**: Ibarra, Ecuador
- **death date**: 1884
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **order**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 15, 1875
- **term end**: December 9, 1875
- **predecessor**: Francisco Xavier León
- **successor**: Antonio Borrero
Antonio Borrero

**Antonio María Vicente Narciso Borrero y Cortázar** (29 October 1827 – 9 October 1911) was Vice President of Ecuador from 1863 to 1864 and President from 9 December 1875 to 18 December 1876.

Borrero was born in Cuenca, Ecuador on 29 October 1827. He died on 9 October 1911 in Quito, Ecuador from natural causes, aged 83.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Antonio Borrero
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **image**: Antonio Borrero2.jpg
- **birth date**: 29 October 1827
- **birth place**: Cuenca, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **order**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: December 9, 1875
- **term end**: September 8, 1876
- **predecessor**: José Javier Eguiguren
- **successor**: Ignacio de Veintemilla
Ignacio de Veintemilla

**Mario Ignacio Francisco Tomás Antonio de Veintimilla y Villacís** (31 July 1828 – 19 July 1908) was President of Ecuador 8 September 1876 to 10 January 1883.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Ignacio de Veintemilla
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **image**: Ignacio de Veintemilla Villacis.jpg
- **birth date**: 31 July 1828
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **order**: List of heads of state of Ecuador, President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 8, 1876
- **term end**: January 10, 1883
- **predecessor**: Antonio Borrero
- **successor**: José Plácido Caamaño
Osvaldo Hurtado

**Luis Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea** (born June 26, 1939) is an Ecuadorian author and politician. He served as President of Ecuador from 1981 to 1984.

Hurtado was born on June 26, 1939 in Chambo, Chimborazo Province, Ecuador. He was married to Margarita Pérez. Hurtado studied at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador.

## Other websites

- Short Curriculum at EcuadorOnline

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea
- **image**: Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea (cropped).jpg
- **imagesize**: 200px
- **office**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: May 24, 1981
- **term end**: August 10, 1984
- **vicepresident**: León Roldós Aguilera
(July 2, 1981 - August 10, 1984)
- **predecessor**: Jaime Roldós Aguilera
- **successor**: León Febres Cordero
- **office2**: Vice President of Ecuador
- **term start2**: August 10, 1979
- **term end2**: May 24, 1981
- **predecessor2**: None
- **successor2**: Blasco Peñaherrera Padilla
- **birth place**: Chambo, Chimborazo Province, Ecuador, Chimborazo Province, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **party**: Christian Democratic Union (Ecuador), Popular Democracy
- **spouse**: Margarita Pérez
- **occupation**: Political scientist
- **alma mater**: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador
Jaime Roldós Aguilera

**Jaime Roldós Aguilera** (November 5, 1940 – May 24, 1981) was President of Ecuador from 10 August 1979 until his death on 24 May 1981. In his short tenure, he became known for his firm stance on human rights.

Roldós was born in Guayaquil on November 5, 1940. He attended high school at the Vicente Rocafuerte National School. He studied law and social sciences at the University of Guayaquil. He was an excellent student and won many awards, medals and scholarships.

At the age of 37, he ran for president on a populist platform. In the first round, he received the greatest number of votes, but not the 50% plus one needed to avoid a runoff. He won the second round of elections against Sixto Durán Ballén, and assumed office on August 10, 1979.

He was married to Martha Bucaram until his death in 1981.

On May 24, 1981, a plane carrying the President, Minister of Defense, assistants and their spouses crashed into the Huairapungo Mountain, in Celica Canton of Loja Province. The crash left no survivors: killed along with the president were First Lady Martha Bucaram, Minister of Defense Marco Subía Martínez and his wife, as well as two aides-de-camp and three other passengers.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Jaime Roldós Aguilera
- **vicepresident**: *Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea
- **image**: Jaime Roldós Aguilera (cropped).png
- **order**: 33rd
- **office**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: August 10, 1979
- **term end**: May 24, 1981
- **predecessor**: Alfredo Poveda
- **successor**: Osvaldo Hurtado, Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Huairapungo Mountain, Celica Canton, Loja Province, Ecuador
- **death cause**: Plane crash
- **alma mater**: University of Guayaquil
- **party**: Concentration of People's Forces
- **children**: 3
Otto Arosemena

**Otto Arosemena Gómez** (19 July 1925 – 20 April 1984) was President of Ecuador, November 16, 1966 to September 1, 1968.

His government, though short, greatly increased Ecuador's development and ensured the consolidation of democracy. In accordance with the law, he called presidential elections, and Velasco Ibarra won for his fifth and final time. Arosemena finished his term on August 31, 1968.

In 1965, when the country was facing one of its worst political, social, and economic crises—a result of dictatorial misrule—he founded a new political party in Quito called the Democratic Institutionalist Coalition (Coalición Institucionalista Demócrata, CID).

One year later, he was elected Deputy of the Constituent Assembly held by "President" Yerovi Indaburu. The Constituent Assembly elected Arosemena President of Ecuador on November 16, 1966.

Arosemena's political adversaries later attacked his policies, particularly with respect to oil policy. He responded by writing the book Infamy and Truth (Infamia y verdad), in which he addresses his administration's oil policy.

Arosemena was born on 19 July 1925 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He studied at University of Guayaquil. Arosemena died on 20 April 1984 in Salinas, Ecuador from complications of a fall, aged 58.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Otto Arosemena
- **image**: Monumento de Otto Arosemena.JPG
- **order**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: November 16, 1966
- **term end**: August 31, 1968
- **predecessor**: Clemente Yerovi
- **successor**: José María Velasco Ibarra
- **birth date**: July 19, 1925
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Salinas, Ecuador, Salinas, Ecuador
- **alma mater**: University of Guayaquil
Clemente Yerovi

**Clemente Yerovi Indaburu** (August 10, 1904 – July 19, 1981) was a politician and the interim president of Ecuador from March 30, 1966, to November 16, 1966.

Yerovi was born in Barcelona, Spain, where his parents Clemente Yerovi Matheus and María Indaburu Seminario lived temporarily as consul general of Ecuador.

Yerovi studied at Vicente Rocafuerte High School in Guayaquil, and then at San Gabriel High School in Quito. He married Victoria Gómez Ycaza and had four children. Yerovi died on July 19, 1981 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from heart failure, aged 76.

Between 1948 and 1950, Yerovi served as Minister of Economy in the government of President Galo Plaza Lasso, who, after an extended era of political instability in the country, made it a priority to increase Ecuador’s agricultural production.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Clemente Yerovi
- **image**: Clemente Yerovi Indaburu (cropped).png
- **nationality**: Ecuador, Ecuadorian
- **order**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: March 19, 1966
- **term end**: November 16, 1966
- **predecessor**: Telmo Vargas
- **successor**: Otto Arosemena
- **birth place**: Barcelona, Spain
- **death place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy

**Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy** (24 August 1919 – 5 March 2004) served as Vice President of Ecuador and due to the ousting of President José María Velasco Ibarra, became President of Ecuador from 7 November 1961 to 11 July 1963.

He was born in Guayaquill on 24 August 1919. He was the son Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, also former president of Ecuador and Laura Monroy Garaycoa.

Arosemena disgraced himself by getting drunk at a banquet Wednesday night in honor of the president of the Grace Lines, retired U.S. Adm. Wilfred McNeil. Guests at the reception said the president shouted abuse at U.S. Ambassador Maurice Bernbaum, vomited in front of the gathering and committed 'even more indecorous acts.

Arosemena died on 5 March 2004 from natural causes, aged Guayaquil, Ecuador.

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy
- **image**: Arosemena - Kennedy (cropped).jpg
- **caption**: Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy on Ecuadorian stamp
- **order1**: 31st
- **office1**: President of Ecuador
- **term start1**: 7 November 1961
- **term end1**: 11 July 1963
- **vicepresident1**: Reynaldo Varea
- **predecessor1**: José María Velasco Ibarra
- **successor1**: Ramón Castro Jijón
- **office2**: Vice President of Ecuador
- **term start2**: 1960
- **term end2**: 1961
- **president2**: José María Velasco Ibarra
- **predecessor2**: Francisco Illingworth, Francisco Illingworth Icaza
- **successor2**: Reinaldo Varea Donoso
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
- **party**: National Velasquista Federation
- **alma mater**: University of Guayaquil
- **office**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: 7 November 1961
- **term end**: 11 July 1963
- **predecessor**: José María Velasco Ibarra
- **successor**: Military Junta
 <small> (Title held by Ramón Castro Jijón) </small>
Camilo Ponce Enríquez

**Camilo Ponce Enríquez** (January 31, 1912 – September 13, 1976) was an Ecuadorian political figure. He served as the president of Ecuador between 1956 and 1960. He was married to María de las Mercedes de Gangotena Jijón.

In 1951 Camilo Ponce, along with Sixto Durán Ballén founded the Movimiento Social Cristiano (MSC), which later became the Partido Social Cristiano (PSC). In 1956 Ponce won the presidential elections and named Durán Ballén minister of public works.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country's Presidents in History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Camilo Ponce Enríquez
- **image**: Presidente Camilo Ponce.png
- **nationality**: Ecuador, Ecuadorian
- **order**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 1, 1956
- **term end**: August 31, 1960
- **predecessor**: José María Velasco Ibarra
- **successor**: José María Velasco Ibarra
- **birth place**: Quito Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola

**Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola** (12 April 1888 – 20 February 1952) was President of Ecuador 15 September 1947 to 1 September 1948. He was also the father of future president Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy.

Tola was born on 12 April 1888 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He died from a stroke he had several months before on 20 February 1952 in Quito, Ecuador, aged 63.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola
- **image**: Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola.png
- **office**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 17, 1947
- **term end**: August 31, 1948
- **predecessor**: Mariano Suárez Veintimilla
- **successor**: Galo Plaza
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Mariano Suárez

**Mariano Suárez Veintimilla** (8 June 1897 – 23 October 1980) was Ecuadorian politician.

He served as Velasco's Vice President from 1946 until he was ousted in 1947 by Carlos Mancheno Cajas. Soon Mancheno was ousted and Suárez served briefly as President of Ecuador from 2 September 1947 to 15 September 1947.

Veintimilla died on 23 October 1980 in Quito, Ecuador from natural causes, aged 83.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Mariano Suárez Veintimilla
- **image**: Mariano-Suarez Veintimilla.jpg
- **office**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: September 2, 1947
- **term end**: September 17, 1948
- **predecessor**: Carlos Mancheno Cajas
- **successor**: Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Carlos Mancheno Cajas

**Carlos Mancheno** **Cajas **(October 9, 1902 – October 11, 1996) was President of Ecuador from 23 August 1947 to 2 September 1947.

Mancheno assumed control after a coup d'état he led that deposed President José María Velasco. Velasco left the country, returning later both to Ecuador and the to presidency. Mancheno himself was removed only ten days after taking control, and Velasco's vice-president, Mariano Suárez Veintimilla, assumed the presidency.

Mancheno died on October 11, 1996 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from natural causes, aged 94.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
- http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Ecuador.html

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Carlos Mancheno Cajas
- **image**: Carlos Mancheno.png
- **office**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: August 23, 1947
- **term end**: September 2, 1947
- **predecessor**: José María Velasco Ibarra
- **successor**: Mariano Suárez Veintimilla
- **birth place**: Ibarra, Ecuador, Ibarra, Ecuador
- **death place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Cortex

**Cortex** is a word that comes from Latin language, and that is usually translated as _shell_ or _bark_. The term is used for different concepts:
- Cortex (botany), the outer layer of a stem or bark.
- Cortex (archaeology), the outer layer of rock
- Cell cortex, directly below the cell membrane
- Cortex (anatomy), the outermost layer of an organ
    - Renal cortex, the outermost layer of the kidney
    - Adrenal cortex, the outermost layer of the adrenal gland
- Cerebral cortex, a region of the brain
Division of Calare

The **Division of Calare** is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was set up for the 1906 election and is the local Indigenous Australian name for the Lachlan River, which runs through the western part of the division. (The name should be pronounced Kal-_ah_-ree, but the pronunciation Kul-_air_ is used.)

The division includes the towns of Bathurst, Blayney, Canowindra, Eugowra, Forbes, Lithgow, Molong, Oberon, Orange, Parkes, Peak Hill, Portland, Wallerawang and Yeoval.

## Members

|Member|Party|Term||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|||Thomas Brown|Labor|1906–1913||
|||rowspan="2"|Henry Pigott|Commonwealth Liberal|1913–1917|
|||Nationalist|1917–1919|||
|||Thomas Lavelle|Labor|1919–1922||
|||Sir Neville Howse|Nationalist|1922–1929||
|||George Gibbons|Labor|1929–1931||
|||Harold Thorby|Country|1931–1940||
|||John Breen|Labor|1940–1946||
|||John Howse|Liberal|1946–1960||
|||John England|Country|1960–1975||
|||rowspan="2"|Sandy Mackenzie|National Country|1975–1982|
|||National|1982–1983|||
|||David Simmons|Labor|1983–1996||
|||Peter Andren|Independent|1996–2007||
|||John Cobb|National|2007–2016||
|||rowspan = 2|Andrew Gee|National|2016–2022|
|||Independent|2022–present|||
Peter Andren was not a candidate for the 2007 election as he was going to stand for a Senate seat. He was diagnosed with cancer in 2007 and died during the election campaign. John Cobb had previously held the seat of Parkes. He was Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs and Minister for Community Services in the Howard Government.

## Other websites

- Division of Calare – Australian Electoral Commission
- John Cobb's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Calare
- **image**: Division of CALARE 2016.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Calare (green) within New South Wales
- **created**: 1906
- **mp**: Andrew Gee
- **mp-party**: Independent politician, Independent
- **namesake**: Lachlan River (Indigenous Australians, Aboriginal name)
- **electors**: 98,463 (2010)
- **area**: 30526
- **class**: Rural
Division of Charlton

The **Division of Charlton** was an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was created in 1984 and was named for Matthew Charlton, leader of the Australian Labor Party 1922–28. It covered the Hunter Region area of New South Wales. It included the towns of Cardiff, Wallsend, Toronto, Morisset, Cooranbong, Glendale and Warners Bay.

In October 2015 the Australian Electoral Commission said the division would be renamed at the next election. Because of population changes New South Wales lost one division, and a new one was created in Western Australia. To abolish the seat, the boundaries in New South Wales were redrawn. The old Division of Hunter was to be abolished. Since Hunter is an original Federation electorate, the Australian Electoral Commission's guidelines for redistributions means it has to try and keep the Hunter name. The area of Hunter was moved eastward and took over Charlton's former area.

## Members

|Image|Member|Party|Term|Notes|||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
||||Bob Brown|Labor|1984–1998|Previously held the Division of Hunter. Served as minister under Bob Hawke and Paul Keating. Retired, and his daughter, KellyHoare took over the seat.|
||||Kelly Hoare|Labor|1998–2007|Lost preselection and retired.|
||||Greg Combet|Labor|2007–2013|Served as minister under Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard. Retired|
||||Pat Conroy|Labor|2013–2016|Transferred to the Division of Shortland after Charlton was abolished in 2016|

Greg Combet had been Secretary of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU). He was Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency in the Gillard Government. In the 2013 election, the Liberal Party candidate, Kevin Baker, resigned after being involved with an offensive website. This happened after nominations closed, so the Liberal Party could not select a new candidate and Baker's name was still on the ballot papers.

## Election results

- 2004 election results
- 2007 election results
- 2010 election results
- 2013 election results

## Other websites

- Division of Charlton – Australian Electoral Commission
- Pat Conroy's website

## Infobox (australian electorate)

- **federal**: yes
- **name**: Charlton
- **image**: Division of Charlton 2010.png
- **imagesize**: 300
- **caption**: Division of Charlton (green) in New South Wales
- **created**: 1984
- **abolished**: 2016
- **namesake**: Matthew Charlton
- **electors**: 94,474 (2010)
- **area**: 688
- **class**: Provincial
Mongolian Wikipedia

**Mongolian Wikipedia** () is a free and publicly changeable online encyclopedia in the Mongolian language. It started on 28 February 2004.

As of , the Mongolian Wikipedia has  articles,  registered users, and  active users in the last 30 days.

## Growth, coverage and popularity

- 17 November 2011 – 6900 articles
- 29 May 2012 – 7593 articles
- 29 May 2012 –  changes

## Other websites

- Mongolian Wikipedia
- Wikipedia Statistics Mongolian — Монгол Википедиатай холбоотой бүх статистик мэдээлэл

## Infobox (website)

- **name**: Mongolian Wikipedia
- **logo**: Wikipedia-logo-v2-mn.svg
- **collapsible**: yes
- **commercial**: Charitable
- **launch date**: 28 February 2004
- **type**: Internet encyclopedia project
- **registration**: Optional (required to create articles)
- **content license**: (most text also dual-licensed under GFDL)
Media licensing varies
- **owner**: Wikimedia Foundation
Harmonic analysis

**Harmonic analysis** is a branch of mathematics that looks at the theoretical foundations of digital signal processing. A continuous signal can be drawn as a wave, or as a combination of several waves. Fourier transforms and Fourier series are among the main tools used for signal analysis. Today, this field has many uses, which also include quantum mechanics and neuroscience.

In essence, harmonic analysis looks at locally compact groups. The Lebesgue measure is a way to assign a measurement to a subset of the Euclidean space. For real numbers there is the Haar measure, which can perform this task. This measure allows to use Fourier analysis to model the groups and their properties.

The term _harmonics_ is also related to Eigenvalues, in the case where the frequency of one wave is an integer multiple of the frequency of another wave. This is the case of the harmonics that are used for musical notes. Later the term was generalized.
Frank Kameny

**Franklin Edward "Frank" Kameny** (May 21, 1925 – October 11, 2011) was an important person in the American gay rights movement.

## Early life

Kameny was born on May 21, 1925 in New York City, New York. He studied at Richmond Hill High School and at Queens College.

## 1957 incident

In 1957, Kameny was fired from his position as an astronomer in the U.S. Army's Army Map Service in Washington, D.C. because of his homosexuality. This helped him to begin "a Herculean struggle with the American establishment" that would help a rights movement of the early 1960s for homosexuals.

Kameny protested his firing by the U.S. Civil Service Commission due to his homosexuality, and argued this case to the United States Supreme Court in 1961. Although the court denied his petition, it is notable as the first civil rights claim based on sexual orientation.

## Death

Kameny died on October 11, 2011 in Washington, D.C. from heart disease. He was 86 years old.

## Legacy

Following Kameny's death, the giant rainbow flag on the tall flagpole at the corner of Market Street and Castro Street in the Castro neighborhood of San Francisco was flown at half-staff for 24 hours beginning on the afternoon of October 12, 2011 at the request of the creator of the rainbow flag, Gilbert Baker.

On November 2, 2011, Kameny's house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

On July 3 2012, Minor Planet (40463) _Frankkameny_ was named in Kameny's honor by the International Astronomical Union and the Minor Planet Center.

## Related pages

- Jack Nichols (activist)

## Other websites

- Frank Kameny  _GLBTQ, an Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Queer Culture_
- Kameny Papers collection _Smithsonian Institution_
- The Kameny Pages
- Biography of Kameny

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Frank Kameny
- **image**: Frank Kameny June 2010 Pride 1.jpg
- **caption**: Frank Kameny in June 2010
- **birth name**: Franklin Edward Kameny
- **birth place**: New York City, New York (state), New York, US
- **death place**: Washington, D.C., US
- **alma mater**: Queens College, Harvard University
- **known for**: Fired by US government in 1957 for being gay
Co-founder of Mattachine Society, Washington D.C.
- **nationality**: United States nationality law, American
Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río

**Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río** (27 November 1893 – 31 October 1969) was President of Ecuador from 1940 - 1944. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party. During his term, the country lost the 1941 Ecuadorian–Peruvian War. After trying to set up a police state, he was forced out of office by a popular uprising.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río
- **image**: Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río (cropped).jpg
- **office1**: President of Ecuador
- **term start1**: November 18, 1939
- **term end1**: December 10, 1939
- **predecessor1**: Aurelio Mosquera
- **successor1**: Andrés Córdova
- **office2**: President of Ecuador
- **term start2**: September 1, 1940
- **term end2**: May 28, 1944
- **predecessor2**: Julio Enrique Moreno
- **successor2**: José María Velasco Ibarra
- **birth place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Julio Enrique Moreno

**Julio Enrique Moreno** (20 October 1879 – 2 April 1952) was Acting President of Ecuador from March to April 1926 and again from August to September 1940. He was succeed by Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río.

## Other websites

- Official Website about President's History of the Ecuadorian Government

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Julio Enrique Moreno
- **image**: Julio enrique moreno.jpg
- **office**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: August 10, 1940
- **term end**: August 31, 1940
- **predecessor**: Andrés Córdova
- **successor**: Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río
- **birth place**: Cuenca, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Andrés Córdova

**Andrés Fernández de Córdova Nieto** (28 May 1892 – 3 October 1983) was President of Ecuador from December 1939 to August 1940. He later ran as a presidential candidate in 1968.

## References

- Ben Cahoon. Ecuador _WorldStatesman.org_
- Rulers.org

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Andrés Córdova
- **image**: Andrés F Córdova.jpg
- **office**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: December 11, 1939
- **term end**: August 10, 1940
- **predecessor**: Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río
- **successor**: Julio Enrique Moreno
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **nationality**: Ecuadorian
Aurelio Mosquera

**Don Aurelio Mosquera Narváez** (2 August 1883 – 17 November 1939) was an Ecuadorian politician, who was the President of Ecuador from December 1938 to November 1939.

Mosquera was born in Quito. He studied medicine in Quito, then went to Paris to carry in with his education.

In 1938, after the removal of Manuel María Borrero, he was named President of Ecuador. During his short time as president, with the support of the army, he dissolved the National Assembly and reestablished the Constitution of 1906, known for its secularity.

His term as president ended when he died on November 17, 1939 in Quito from a heart attack, aged 56.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Aurelio Mosquera
- **image**: File:Dr._Aurelio_Mosquera_Narvaezc_Foto_Oficial.jpg
- **order**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: December 2, 1938
- **term end**: November 17, 1939
- **predecessor**: Manuel María Borrero
- **successor**: Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río, Carlos Alberto Arroyo
- **birth date**: August 2, 1883
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **spouse**: Judith Pérez Dávalos
- **party**: Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party
Manuel María Borrero

**Manuel María Borrero** (10 May 1883 – 7 June 1975) was President of Ecuador from August 10, 1938 through December 1, 1938.

## Other websites

- Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Manuel María Borrero
- **image**: Manuel Maria Borrero (cropped).jpg
- **order**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: August 10, 1938
- **term end**: December 1, 1938
- **predecessor**: Alberto Enríquez Gallo
- **successor**: Aurelio Mosquera
- **birth place**: Ibarra, Ecuador, Ibarra, Ecuador
- **death place**: Quito, Ecuador
Alberto Enríquez Gallo

**Gil Alberto Enríquez Gallo** (24 July 1895 – 13 July 1962) was President of Ecuador 1937–1938.

Enriquez was a general in the Ecuadorian army and served as Minister of National Defense in the government of Federico Páez.  In September 1937, he overthrew Páez in a military coup.  Although he ruled for less than a year, Enríquez achieved note as a social reformer by his promulgation of the Labor Code of 1938.

## Other websites

- President's History

## Infobox (president)

- **name**: Alberto Enríquez Gallo
- **image**: File:Alberto_Enríquez_Gallo.png
- **order**: President of Ecuador
- **term start**: October 23, 1937
- **term end**: August 10, 1938
- **predecessor**: Federico Páez
- **successor**: Manuel María Borrero
- **birth place**: Quito, Ecuador
- **death place**: Guayaquil, Ecuador