juno-labs/simple_wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Ludvonga I

**Ludvonga I** (c. before 1670 - 1715) was the king of Swaziland. Out of all the Maswati kings, Ludvonga I was king for a very long time. He was a prominent member of the Jewish Community.

Ludvonga fought for Spain loyal to Philip and the Kingdom of France during the War of Spanish Succession. He became a very successful general for France achieving victory against Great Britain in Menorca.

Often known as the "Moses of Southern Africa", Ludvonga I is considered as the main driving force behind the "Yiddish Renaissance" in modern day Eswatini.
Vibes (movie)

***Vibes*** is a 1988 American romantic adventure comedy movie directed by Ken Kwapis and starring Cyndi Lauper, Jeff Goldblum, Julian Sands, Peter Falk, Elizabeth Peña, Steve Buscemi, Van Dyke Parks, Park Overall, Max Perlich. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures and was not a box office success.
David Kaye

**David V. Hope** (born October 14, 1964), better known by his stage name **David Kaye**, is a Canadian voice actor, best known for his roles in animation.

## Other websites

- Interview with David Kaye – Jan 2004
Un flic

***Un flic*** (; also known as ***Dirty Money***) is a 1972 French Italian crime thriller movie directed by Jean-Pierre Melville and starring Alain Delon, Catherine Deneuve, Richard Crenna, Michael Conrad, Paul Crauchet.
Alex Padilla

**Alejandro "Alex" Padilla** (born March 22, 1973) is an American politician serving as the senior United States senator from California since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, Padilla was the 30th secretary of state of California from 2015 to 2021. He was also a member of the California State Senate and the Los Angeles City Council.

In November 2023, Padilla introduced a legislation in the Senate for the future of Puerto Rico. The Puerto Rico Status Act would create a referendum to decide the political status of Puerto Rico. The legislation deals with the status for Puerto Rico as a state as well as its independence and sovereignty in the United States.

## Infobox (officeholder)

- **name**: Alex Padilla
- **image**: Alex Padilla 117th Congress portrait (3).jpg
- **caption**: Official portrait, 2021
- **jr/sr**: United States Senator
- **state**: California
- **alongside**: Adam Schiff
- **term start**: January 18, 2021
- **predecessor**: Kamala Harris
- **office1**: 30th Secretary of State of California
- **governor1**: Jerry Brown
Gavin Newsom
- **term start1**: January 5, 2015
- **term end1**: January 18, 2021
- **predecessor1**: Debra Bowen
- **successor1**: Shirley Weber
- **state senate2**: California State
- **district2**: California's 20th State Senate district, 20th
- **term start2**: December 4, 2006
- **term end2**: November 30, 2014
- **predecessor2**: Richard Alarcon
- **successor2**: Connie Leyva
- **office3**: President of the Los Angeles City Council
- **term start3**: July 4, 2001
- **term end3**: January 1, 2006
- **predecessor3**: Ruth Galanter
- **successor3**: Eric Garcetti
- **office4**: Member of the Los Angeles City Council
from the Los Angeles City Council District 7, 7th district
- **term start4**: July 1, 1999
- **term end4**: December 4, 2006
- **predecessor4**: Richard Alarcon
- **successor4**: Richard Alarcon
- **birth place**: Los Angeles, California, U.S.
- **party**: Democratic Party (United States), Democratic
- **children**: 3
- **education**: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Bachelor of Science, BS)
- **website**:

- **signature**: AlexPadilla.png
- **signature alt**: Cursive signature in ink
Whodini

**Whodini** is an American hip hop group based in Brooklyn, New York. It was founded in 1982. Members of the group were vocalist and main lyricist Jalil Hutchins; co-vocalist John Fletcher, a.k.a. Ecstasy (who wore a Zorro-style hat as his trademark); and turntable artist DJ Drew Carter, a.k.a. Grandmaster Dee.

## Infobox (musical artist)

- **name**: Whodini
- **image**: Whodini at Freshfest 2009.jpg
- **caption**: Whodini performing at Fresh Fest in 2009
- **background**: group_or_band
- **origin**: Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.
- **years active**: 1982–present
- **current members**: Jalil Hutchins
Drew "Grandmaster Dee" Carter
- **past members**: John “Ecstasy” Fletcher (deceased)
Kenya Moore

**Kenya Summer Moore** (born January 24, 1971) is an American actress, model, producer, author, television personality, and entrepreneur.

Moore co-starred in the Bravo series _The Real Housewives of Atlanta_ beginning in 2012.  She was also was a member of the cast of _The Celebrity Apprentice 7_ in 2015. Moore won the Miss USA contest in 1993 . She placed in the top 6  in that year's Miss Universe pageant. After thism she was in many movies and television shows. These include _Waiting To Exhale_ (1995) and _Deliver Us From Eva_ (2003), _The Steve Harvey Show_ (1998) and _Girlfriends_ (2004).

Moore has produced several movie projects, had a book published, and starred in her own exercise video. She is also known for her involvement in businesses. She is the founder of hair care brand, Moore Hair.

## Other websites

- Kenya Moore's Official Website
- Game, Get Some! on Amazon.com
- Trois – Box Office Mojo

## Infobox (pageant titleholder)

- **name**: Kenya Moore
- **image**: KenyaMoore2019.png
- **image size**: 250px
- **birth name**: Kenya Summer Moore
- **birth place**: Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
- **children**: 1
- **years active**: 1992–present
- **education**: Wayne State University
- **alias**: Kenya Moore Daly
- **competitions**: Miss Michigan USA, Miss Michigan USA 1993
<small>(Winner)</small>
Miss USA 1993
<small>(Winner)</small>
Miss Universe 1993
<small>(Top 6)</small>
- **signature**: Kenya Moore signature.png
Rebecca Luker

**Rebecca Luker** (April 17, 1961 – December 23, 2020) was an American actress, singer and recording artist. She appeared in many musical productions on Broadway. Her stage credits include _Mary Poppins_, _Show Boat_ and _The Music Man_. Her voice type was soprano.

Luker was nominated for three Tony Awards and two Drama Desk Awards. She played a part in opera star Plácido Domingo's recording of _The Broadway I Love_ (1991). Off the stage, Luker also acted onscreen in television shows and movies. _The New York Times_ compared her to actresses such as Barbara Cook and Julie Andrews.

Luker was born in Birmingham, Alabama. She grew up in Helena, Alabama. She married fellow actor and singer Danny Burstein in 2000.

Luker was diagosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in late 2019. She died on December 23, 2020, in Manhattan, New York City. She was 59.
Mannan Hira

**Mannan Hira** (1956 – 23 December 2020) was a Bangladeshi dramatist and filmmaker. He was the recipient of 2006 Bangla Academy Literary Award in the drama category.

## Biography

Hira was born on 1956 in Sirajganj, East Pakistan. He completed his higher secondary education from Rajshahi College.Then he graduated from University of Dhaka.

He was the president of _Bangladesh Path Natok Parishad_ and a member of _Aranyak Natyadal_. He had written around 15 theater plays.
In 2014, Hira debuted as a filmmaker through _Ekatturer Khudiram_.

Hira died on December 23, 2020 in Dhaka of a heart attack.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Mannan Hira
- **native name**: মান্নান হীরা
- **native name lang**: bn
- **birth date**: 1956
- **birth place**: Sirajganj, East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh)
- **death place**: Dhaka
- **nationality**: Bangladeshis, Bangladeshi
- **alma mater**: University of Dhaka
- **occupation**: Playwright, Film director
- **notable works**: Laal Jamin, Bhager Manush, Moyur Singhasan and Sada-Kalo, Murkha Loker Murkha Kotha. Ekatturer Khudiram etc.
- **children**: 1
- **awards**: List of Bangla Academy Literary Award winners (2000s)#2006, Bangla Academy Literary Award of 2006
Oppo Electronics

**Oppo Electronics Corporation** is a Chinese commercial organization and manufacturer of consumer electronics. They were run by BBK Electronics until 2023.

The brand is registered in many countries worldwide. Oppo Digital Inc.'s USA division develops and manufactures audio-visual equipment, with a range of high-end Blu-ray players, headphones, and headphone amplifiers in the product line. In 2008, OPPO entered the portable electronics segment and launched its own mobile phone.

## History

The brand name "Oppo" was registered in China in 2001 and launched in 2004 by Tony Chen in Dongguan, China. In 2005, they introduced their first device internationally, the Oppo X3 MP3 player.  Since then, the company has expanded to over 50 countries and become a major player in electronic devices around the world.

In June 2016, Oppo became the largest smartphone manufacturer in China, selling its phones at more than 200,000 retail outlets. In 2018, Oppo Digital  announced that they were discontinuing their disc player business in major markets, and focusing on mobile devices. Oppo was the top smartphone brand in China in 2019 and was ranked fifth in market share worldwide.

## Branding

The South Korean boy band 2PM prepared a song known as "Follow Your Soul" in a promotional deal with Oppo for launching its brand in Thailand in 2010. In June 2015, the company signed an agreement with FC Barcelona to become a sponsor of the Spanish football club.

In 2016, the Philippine Basketball Association tied up with this company as its official smartphone partner, starting at the 2016 PBA Commissioner's Cup.

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd.
- **logo caption**: Logo used since 2019
- **type**: Privately held company, Private
- **founder**: Tony Chen ()
- **predecessor**: BBK Electronics
- **area served**: Worldwide
- **key people**: Tony Chen (Chief executive officer, CEO)
- **industry**: Consumer electronics
- **num employees**: 40,000
- **subsid**: OnePlus
Realme
- **location city**: Dongguan, Guangdong
- **location country**: China


## Infobox (chinese)

- **s**: Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
- **t**: 廣東歐珀移動通信有限公司
- **p**: Oppo Guǎngdōng  Yídòng Tōngxìn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī
- **l**: Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp., Ltd.
- **order**: st
Poisson point process

A **Poisson process** is a stochastic process. It counts the number of occurrences of an event leading up to a specified time. This is a counting process where the increments of time are independent of one another (the times do not overlap).

## Definition

The counting process known as the Poisson process is defined as:
- N(0) = 0.
- N(t) has independent increments.
- The number of arrivals in any window of time follows a Poisson distribution.

Where N(t) is the total number of events that occur by time t.
Gnome Alone

***Gnome Alone*** is a 2017 computer animated comedy fantasy musical movie. It was made in the Cyprus and Greece released on November 2, 2017.

## Cast

- Becky G as Chloe
- Josh Peck as Liam
- Tara Strong as Catherine
- Olivia Holt as Brittany
- David Koechner as Zamfeer
- Jeff Dunham as Quicksilver
- Patrick Stump as Alpha, Bravo, and Charlie
- Nash Grier as Trey
- Madison De La Garza as Tiffany and Chelsea
- George Lopez as Zook
- Steve Blum as Lead Troggs and the Troggs, evil creatures
- Fred Tastascione as Mega Trogg and more Troggs
- Ben Diskin as even more Troggs
- Taylore Rayne as Jess
- Salli Saffioti as Chloe's virtual assistant
- Loop group includes Zachery Callison, Amber Hood, Maxwell Mittelman, and Kari Wahlgren.

## Infobox (film)

- **director**: Peter Lepeniotis
- **based on**: an original story
by Kyle Newman
Micah Herman
- **story**: Robert Moreland
- **music**: Patrick Stump
- **editing**: Rob Neal
- **distributor**: Open Road Films
- **runtime**: 85 minutes
- **country**: United States
Canada
China
- **language**: English
- **gross**: $10.4 million
Breton Americans

**Breton Americans** are Americans of Breton ancestry from Brittany.

## Infobox (ethnic group)

- **group**: Breton Americans
_Américains Bretons_
- **pop**: **338**
- **langs**: American EnglishFrench language, FrenchBreton language, Breton
- **rels**: Predominantly Catholic Church, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism
- **related**: Cornish AmericansEnglish AmericansWelsh Americans Irish AmericansManx AmericansScottish AmericansScotch-Irish Americansother Modern celts, Celtic AmericansFrench Americans
Oppo F17 Pro

The **Oppo F17 Pro** is a phone developed by Oppo. It is the latest phone in the Oppo F Series, a range of devices marketed towards consumers looking a mid-range phone. The phone was released in India on September 7, 2020, and later went on the market in other countries by a different name, the Oppo A93. The phone has a single configuration with a price of ₹22990, but there is also a special "Diwali Edition" version of the phone, which features a Matte Gold version of the phone, which is boxed along with a 10000mAh power bank and a "Diwali Exclusive back case cover." This special edition sells for ₹23990.

## Infobox (mobile phone)

- **name**: Oppo F17 Pro
- **brand**: Oppo
- **predecessor**: Oppo Reno4 SE
Oppo F17
Hymn to Liberty

The "**Hymn to Liberty**" () has been the national anthem of Greece since 1865 and Cyprus since 1966. It is based on a long poem written in 1823 by Dionysios Solomos. The words were later set to music by Nicolaos Mantzaros in 1865.

### Greek original

|style="background-color:#004C98;color:white;"|Monotonic orthography|style="background-color:#004C98;color:white;"|Polytonic orthography|style="background-color:#004C98;color:white;"|IPA transcription|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|<poem lang="el">Σε γνωρίζω από την κόψη Του σπαθιού την τρομερή, Σε γνωρίζω από την όψη, Που με βιά μετράει τη γη. Απ’ τα κόκκαλα βγαλμένη Των Ελλήνων τα ιερά, 𝄆 Και σαν πρώτα ανδρειωμένη, Χαίρε, ω χαίρε, ελευθεριά! 𝄇</poem>|<poem lang="el">Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψι Τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψι, Ποῦ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. Ἀπ’ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη Τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ ἱερά, Καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη, Χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, Ἐλευθεριά!</poem>|<poem>[s̠e̞ ɣno̞ˈɾiˑz̠o̞̯‿ɐpo̞ tiŋ ˈko̞ˑps̠i] [tu s̠pɐˈθçuˑ tin ˌtro̞me̞ˈɾiˑ ǀ] [s̠e̞ ɣno̞ˈɾiˑz̠o̞̯‿ɐpo̞ tin ˈo̞ˑps̠i ǀ] [pu me̞ ˈvʝäˑ me̞ˌträˑi̯ ti ˈʝiˑ ‖] [ɐp tɐ ˈko̞ˑkɐˌlä vɣɐlˈme̞ˑɲi] [to̞n e̞ˈliˑno̞n tɐ je̞ˈɾäˑ ǀ] 𝄆 [ˌce̞ s̠ɐm ˈpro̞ˑtɐ ɐn̪ðri̯o̞ˈme̞ˑɲi ǀ] [ˈçe̞ˑɾe̞̯‿o̞ ˈçe̞ˑɾe̞ ǀ e̞le̞fθe̞ɾˈʝäˑ ‖] 𝄇]</poem>||||

### Translation

|By Rudyard Kipling (1918)|Common Turkish variant|
| --- | --- |
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"|<div style="color:#D67900">**First verse**</div>|
|<poem>We knew thee of old, O, divinely restored, By the lights of thine eyes, And the light of thy Sword.</poem>|<poem>Tanırım seni, kılıcının O korkunç keskinliğinden Tanırım seni bakışından O şiddetle sarmalayan.</poem>|
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"|<div style="color:#4D5B2D">**Second verse**</div>|
|<poem>From the graves of our slain, Shall thy valor prevail, 𝄆 as we greet thee again, Hail, Liberty! Hail! 𝄇</poem>|<poem>Kutlu kemiklerinden Dirilmiş Yunanların 𝄆 O eski yiğitliğiyle Yaşa, hey yaşa, Özgürlük! 𝄇</poem>|

## Infobox (anthem)

- **title**: Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν
- **image**: Ymnos Eis Tin Eleftherian.Book cover.1825.jpg
- **caption**: An old book cover of the national anthem.
- **transcription**: Hymnos eis tin Eleutherian
- **english title**: Hymn to Liberty
- **country**: Greece
Cyprus
- **author**: Dionysios Solomos
- **lyrics date**: 1823
- **composer**: Nicolaos Mantzaros
- **music date**: 1865
- **adopted**: 1865
1966
1908–13
Ivan VI of Russia

**Ivan VI Antonovich** (**Iván VI**; **Ioánn Antónovich**; ;  – ) was Tsar of Russia from 1740 to 1741 until he was removed from the position.

## Murder

He was murdered in July 1764.

## Infobox (royalty)

- **name**: Ivan VI
- **image**: Ivan_VI_Antonovich_(Oranienbaum).jpg
- **caption**: Portrait of a young Ivan VI
- **succession**: Emperor of All Russia
- **reign**: 28 October 1740 – 6 December 1741
- **regent**: Anna Leopoldovna
- **predecessor**: Anna of Russia, Anna
- **successor**: Elizabeth of Russia, Elizabeth
- **birth place**: Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
- **death place**: Shlisselburg, Russian Empire
- **burial place**: Kholmogory, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Kholmogory or Shlisselburg
- **house**: House of Welf, Welf
- **father**: Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick
- **mother**: Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia
- **religion**: Russian Orthodoxy
- **type**: monarch
Gagauzia Radio Television

The **Gagauzia Radio Television** (GRT) is the only television channel based in Comrat and broadcasting in Gagauzia. Its name is **Gagauziya Radio Televizionu** in Gagauz Turkish. The channel is in Turkey and cooperates with the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation. It can be seen via satellite by Turksat 3A since 2018.

The channel started in the year 2000 with the help of TİKA and in 2004 was publicated as a independent channel that offered political, economic, social, cultural themes.

This channel organizes of the entry for Gagauzia in TSC.

## Other websites

- GRT Official Site
- Official Facebook account of GRT
- Official Twitter account of GRT
- Official Instagram account of GRT
- GRT Official YouTube channel of GRT
Melina Kanakaredes

**Melina Kanakaredes** (born April 23, 1967) is an American video game, television and soap opera actress. She played Dr. Sydney Hansen in the television series _Providence_ on NBC. She later played Stella Bonasera on _CSI: NY_ on CBS (2004 to 2010).

Kanakaredes was born in Akron, Ohio.

## Awards and nominations

|Year|Association|Category|Work|Result||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|1994|rowspan=2|Daytime Emmys|Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series|_Guiding Light_||
|1995|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series|_Guiding Light_||||
|2000|TV Guide Awards|Favorite Actress in a Drama|_Providence_|||
Constance Moore

**Constance Moore** (January 18, 1920 or 1921 − September 16, 2005) was an American actress. She was best known for wartime musicals, including _Atlantic City_ (1944), _Show Business_ (also 1944) and _Buck Rogers_ (1939). In the latter, she played Wilma Deering.

Moore was born in Sioux City, Iowa. She was later raised in various places. She died in Los Angeles, California after a long illness and of heart failure.

Many sources say Moore was born in 1920. Others say that she was born in 1921.
Carrie Ann Inaba

**Carrie Ann Inaba** (born January 5, 1968) is an American television personality, choreographer, dancer, actress and singer. She is best known for her work on ABC's _Dancing with the Stars_. She also co-hosted and moderated the show _The Talk_ on CBS.

Inaba began her career as a singer in Japan. She introduced herself by way of the show _In Living Color_ (1990-1992).

For five years, Inaba choreographed the Miss America pageant.

Inaba was born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii.
Rachael Harris

**Rachael Elaine Harris** (born January 12, 1968) is an American comedienne and actress. She played Dr. Linda Martin on the show _Lucifer_. She played Mrs. Feldman's Friend in the movie _Starsky & Hutch_. She was also a guest star on television series, such as _Reno 911!_, _The Good Wife_ and _Sister, Sister_.

Harris began in television on _SeaQuestDSV_ in 1993. She later appeared in _Star Trek: Voyager_ in 1997.

Harris played Susan Heffley in _Diary of a Wimpy Kid_ and its sequels. In _Wreck-It-Ralph_, she voiced the character Deanna.

Harris was born in Worthington, Ohio.
Judith Hoag

**Judith Hoag** (; born June 29, 1963)  is an American television and movie actress. She is best known for playing April O'Neill in the 1990 movie _Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles_. She also played Cindy Dutton Price in the HBO drama series _Big Love_.

Hoag later played Tandy Hampton in the television series _Nashville_. After that, she played Stephanie Quinn in Syfy's fantasy series _The Magicians_.

Hoag was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Judith Hoag
- **image**: Judith Hoag by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Hoag in 2023
- **birth place**: Newburyport, Massachusetts, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actress
- **yearsactive**: 1986–present
- **children**: 2
European Radio for Belarus

**European Radio for Belarus** (**Eŭrapéjskaje Rádyjo dla Biełarúsi**, ERB, ) is a radio station and website. It is from Belarus. It was made on February 26, 2006. European Radio for Belarus works on FM, OIRT FM, Internet, and Satellite. Journalists of the station work from Minsk and Warsaw.

The radio station has one of the highest ratings among propaganda-free media in Belarus.

The site of European Radio for Belarus can't be opened in Belarus. It has been writing about the 2020 Belarusian protests and 2020 Belarusian presidential election, so journalists of the European Radio for Belarus have been tried and arrested for that. On July, 5, 2021, the Government of Belarus shut the house of European Radio for Belarus in Minsk. Since July 8, 2021, the second website of European Radio for Belarus can't be opened in Belarus.

In 2021 and 2022, Belarusian courts added the Telegram, YouTube, Instagram pages of the radio and its logo to the Republican list of extremist materials; in July 2022, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus named it as an extremist group. In 2022 and 2023, several people who have been interviewed by the radio were arrested and imprisoned for it on charges of helping extremist activity.

## Awards

- ERB journalist Marina Shukjurova received ‘П’еро’ Award in Freedom of Speech nomination (2009);
- Dmitry Lukashuk got first prize at BAJ ‘Вольнае слова’ Competition (2015);
- Honorary Diploma of the Belarusian Association of Journalists for very good work of journalist Dmitry Lukashuk (video series "Idea X") (2019).

## Infobox (network)

- **name**: European Radio for Belarus
- **logo**: Лягатып Еўрарадыё.svg
- **network type**: Radio network
- **available**: International
- **owner**: Independent business, Independent
- **launch date**: 2005
- **logo size**: 256px
Stella Tennant

**Stella Tennant** (17 December 1970 − 22 December 2020) was a British model and fashion designer. She posed for a number of magazines, including the French, British and Italian versions of _Vogue_. Tennant was born in London.

In June 2012, Tennant was honored as Model of the Year in the Scottish Fashion Awards Hall of Fame at its annual awards.

Tennant died suddenly on 22 December 2020 in Duns, Scottish Borders at the age of 50.
All This and Heaven Too

***All This and Heaven Too*** is a 1940 American romantic drama movie directed by Anatole Litvak and was based on the 1938 novel of the same name by Rachel Field. It stars Bette Davis, Charles Boyer, Barbara O'Neil, June Lockhart, Virginia Weidler, Ann E. Todd, George Coulouris, Montagu Love and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for 3 Academy Awards in 1941.

## Story

Henriette Deluzy-Desportes, a governess in a troubled noble household, is accused of influencing a murder but is eventually cleared and moves to America. There, she becomes a teacher and is proposed to by a minister, suggesting a hopeful future.
Survival sex

People who are very poor and who cannot even cover their basic needs, such as getting a place where they live, or food, sometimes trade sexual intercourse to cover these needs. This practice is called **survival sex**. The term is used by sex trade, poverty researchers, and aid workers.  Very often, people who engage in survival sex are homeless. Sometimes, survival sex is used to get illegal drugs.

Survival sex is common throughout the world. It has been studied in many countries including the United States, Canada, Mexico, the Philippines, Thailand, New Zealand, Colombia, Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa.

Researchers estimate that of homeless youth in North America, one in three has engaged in survival sex. In one study of homeless youth in Los Angeles, about one-third of females and half of males said they had engaged in survival sex. People who have been homeless for a longer time, who have become victims, or who have become criminals are more likely to engage in survival sex. This is also true for people who have attempted suicide, who are pregnant, or those who have a STI.

Survival sex is common in refugee camps. In Uganda, 1.4 million civilians have been displaced by conflicts between Ugandan government forces and the militant Lord's Resistance Army. Many of them live in refugee camps in northern Uganda. Human Rights Watch reported in 2005 that displaced women and girls in these camps were engaging in survival sex with other camp residents, local defense personnel, and Ugandan government soldiers.

## Related pages

- Sexual capital
Cynthia (movie)

***Cynthia*** is a 1947 American comedy drama movie directed by Robert Z. Leonard and was based on the 1945 play _The Rich, Full Life_ by Viña Delmar. It stars Elizabeth Taylor, George Murphy, S. Z. Sakall, Mary Astor, Gene Lockhart, Spring Byington, Morris Ankrum and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Geology of Australia

The **geology of Australia** records over 3.8 billion years of the Earth's history. Australia is a continent on the Indo-Australian Plate. It is immensely old, and has rocks of many different types.

Like its close neighbour, New Guinea, Australia was once part of the southern supercontinent of Gondwanaland. Geologically, they are on the same tectonic plate. When world sea levels were low, the two shared shorelines (which now lie 100 to 140 metres below sea level). They combined with lands now under water, sometimes known as Greater Australia. The two huge countries became separated when the area now known as the Torres Strait flooded after the end of the last glacial period. Big as Australia is, it was much bigger in the past. The end of the last ice age saw sea levels rise, and the old connections were broken.

## Blocks

The main continental blocks of the Australian continent are;
- The Yilgarn Craton, of Archaean age. The Murchinson Province of the craton has the oldest dated meteorite impact crater: 2229 ± 5 mya. (the Yarrabubba crater).

- The Pilbara Craton of Archaean to Proterozoic age
- The Gawler Craton and Willyama Block, of Archaean to Proterozoic age.

Around them are several Proterozoic volcanic belts and sedimentary basins. The cratons formed the greater Australian landmass in the late Archaean to mesoProterozoic, (~2400 mya to 1,600 mya).

- Musgrave Block of granulite gneiss and igneous rocks.
- The Arunta Block of amphibolite grade metamorphic rocks and granites.
- The Gascoyne Complex, Glengarry Basin, and Bangemall Basin sandwiched between the Yilgarn and Arunta Blocks.

The older, western, two-thirds of the continent is much thicker (over 200 km thick) than the eastern third (about 38 to 59 km thick). The continental crust is mainly made of Archaean, Proterozoic and some Palaeozoic granites and gneisses. A thin veneer of mainly Phanerozoic sedimentary basins cover much of the Australian landmass (these are up to 7 km thick).

## Meteorite craters

Many meteorite craters have been found in Australia, but few have yet been confirmed.
- Gosses Bluff crater (Tnorala) in southern Northern Territory. Confirmed, 22km diameter, 142.5 mya (Lower Cretaceous).
- Shoemaker crater (central Western Australia). Confirmed, 30km+, 1630 mya (Proterozoic).
- Wolf Creek crater (Western Australia). Confirmed, 875 m, Pleistocene, ~150 kya.

The Earth Impact Database lists 190 confirmed craters, of which Australia has 27. The largest is the Yarrabubba crater in mid Western Australia. Its estimated age is 2.229 billion years ago. It is one of the oldest known impact structures on Earth.
Abdulla Mohtadi

**Abdullah Mohtadi** (born 1949 in Bukan, Iran) is the leader of the Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan. As a politician, he has played a prominent role in the Kurdish resistance struggle against the Iranian regime. Abdullah Mohtadi is also a member of the board of Iran's Transitional Council (ITC). In the international media, Abdulla Mohtadi is known as a political analyst of the Middle East, especially ongoing affairs of Iran and Iranian Kurdistan.

As of 2020, Iran is an Islamic republic, where Islamic leaders play an important role. Mohtadi wants to establish a secular state. He has called for democratic reforms. He also called for a society that respects many different opinions; this idea is known as pluralism.

## History

Despite all the efforts to remain in secrecy, in the 1970s, Mohtadi was arrested three times. The last time he was arrested, Abdullah was sentenced to more than three years' imprisonment for his activism against the Shah regime. Since  SAVAK was unable to provide any evidence regarding Mohtadi's political actions, he was released from prison and now, his party should cope with its most important era of the pre-Islamic Revolution Iran. When Ayatollah Khomeini ordered a massive onslaught against Iranian Kurds in August 1979, Mohtadi emerged as a leader of the Kurdish resistance movement.

## Posts

- Originator of the Komala Party (1969)
- Central Committee of Komala (1979)
- Secretary General of Komala (1980)
- Secretary General of the Communist Party (1983)
- Secretary General of Komala (2000)
- Secretary of the Iran's Transitional Council (2019)

## Other websites

- Abdullah Mohtadi Remarks
- Interview with Mr. Abdullah Mohtadi, the Secretary General of the Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan
- The Kurds and the Green Movement
- Regime change in Iran task for its people: Iranian Opposition Leader
- International Business Times
- Iran has engaged in murder campaign against Kurds
- Islamic regime ‘are oppressors and liars’

## Books

- مقدمه‌­ای بر گسست و گذار
- شۆرش لە سەردەمی نوێدا

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Abdullah Mohtadi
- **caption**: Secretary General of the reformed and mainstream Iranian Komala Party
- **other names**: Shirko
- **birth date**: 1949
- **birth place**: Bukan, Iran
- **nationality**: Kurdish
- **occupation**: Komala Secretary General
- **years active**: 1966
- **known for**: Politics
Basic needs

There have been several classifications of the needs of a person. While these classifications vary, they commonly place the **basic needs** at the lowest level. Basic needs are those that must be satisfied, to guarantee survival. According to Abraham Maslow these include:

- Needs of the body, or biological needs: breathing, warmth (clothing), food and drink, sleep
- Security: A place to live, health, protection from danger, law and order
- Social needs: friends/a partner, love, a sex life, communication

If these needs are not met the human body cannot function properly. Maslow considered physiological needs the most important of all. Maslow doesn't clearly say which of these are basic needs.

Absolute poverty has been defined as being unable to satisfy basic needs, or spending most of the income on satisfying those needs.
Soumaïla Cissé

**Soumaïla Cissé** (20 December 1949 – 25 December 2020) was a Malian politician. He served as the nation's Minister of Finance from 1993 to 2000. He stood three times as a presidential candidate, in 2002, 2013 and 2018. He was defeated in a second round of voting each time. He became president of the Union for the Republic and Democracy, a political party, in 2014.

Cissé was born in Nianfuke, near Timbuktu. He married Astan Traore in 1978. On 26 March 2020, Cissé was taken hostage in the Tombouctou Region by Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin, a militant Islamist group. He was released on 6 October 2020.

In late 2020, Cissé was taken to France for treatment of COVID-19. He died in Paris on 25 December 2020 at the age of 71.
Nepal Nag

**Nepal Nag** (September 19, 1909 – October 4, 1978) was a Bengali politician, activist and a leader of Communist Party. He was involved in Indian independence movement and Bengali language movement.

## Biography

Nag was born on 19 September 1909 in Tejgaon, Dhaka. His father's name is Suresh Chandra Nag. In 1923, he joined 'Srisangha' directed by Leela Nag.

He was arrested by the police on April 21, 1932. While in Deuli prison, he was introduced to the communist ideology by the Marxist poet and veteran revolutionary Rebati Varman. After his release, he became a member of the then Communist Party of India.

He represented the East Pakistan Provincial Communist Party at the 1970 World Communist Conference in Moscow. He also represented the Communist Party of East Pakistan at the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of Russia in 1971.

Nag retired from politics in 1982. He died on October 4, 1978 in Kolkata, aged 69.

## Awards

- _Friends of liberation war award_ 2012 (Bangladesh).

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Nepal Nag
- **native name**: নেপাল নাগ
- **native name lang**: bn
- **birth name**: Sailesh Chandra Nag
- **birth place**: Tejgaon, Dhaka, British India, (present Bangladesh)
- **death place**: Kolkata, India
- **occupation**: Politician
- **notable works**: _ঢাকা জিলার কমিউনিস্ট পার্টির ইতিহাস_ ও _অমর লেনিন_
- **party**: Communist Party of India, Communist Party of Bangladesh
- **movement**: Indian independence movement
Homer vs. Patty and Selma

"**Homer vs. Patty and Selma**" is the 17th episode of the 6th season of ***The Simpsons***. It was first shown on the Fox network on February 26, 1995.

## Infobox (television episode)

- **series**: The Simpsons
- **season**: 6
- **episode**: 17
- **director**: Mark Kirkland
- **writer**: Brent Forrester
- **production**: 2F14
- **guests**: Mel Brooks as Himself
Susan Sarandon as Ballet Teacher
- **prev**: Bart vs. Australia
- **next**: A Star Is Burns
- **season article**: The Simpsons (season 6)
- **episode list**: List of The Simpsons episodes
Weberbauerella chilensis

***Weberbauerella chilensis*** is a Dalbergiae legume species close to _W. brogniartiodes_; with a prostrate habit and shorter leaflets. This species was found in Peru.
SD Compostela

**SD Compostela** is a football club which plays in Spain.

## History

Founded in 1928, Compostela spent the better part of that and the following decades playing professional football. On October 28, 1962, the newly formed SD Compostela merged with the Club Arenal. The decade of the 1970s was irregular. The team played in the Tercera División, in the Regional category and in the new Segunda División B. Its first promotion to a semi-national stage occurred in 1977, with a promotion to Segunda División B (Group 1), which lasted just one season; _Compos_ promoted again in 1980, this time lasting six years.

Relegation in 1986 was compounded by off-field controversy surrounding the actions of then president Francisco Steppe. He resigned amid allegations of receipt of payments to throw a game against Pontevedra CF, which would assure the opposition's maintenance in the category. The late 1980s saw a significant restructuring of the club both at board and management levels and, in 1990, Compostela regained third-level status.

The following campaign was to prove the club's most successful to date. On 23 June 1991, a capacity crowd of 8,000 at the _Estadio Municipal Santa Isabel_, saw goals from Juanito and Ochoa (two) clinch a 3–1 victory in the final play-off match against CD Badajoz, for a first-ever Segunda División visit.

The move to _Estadio Multiusos de San Lázaro_ coincided with the continuing rise in the team's fortunes and, at the end of 1993–94, following a 3–1 play-off victory against Rayo Vallecano, Compostela reached La Liga. Compostela did remarkably well, and reached a best finish of 10th in 1995–96, mainly courtesy of strikers Christopher Ohen and Bent Christensen, whom totalled 23 league goals.

After four seasons at the top, Compostela was relegated after losing a relegation play-off match to Villarreal CF on the away goals rule, despite playing overall attractive football. The club was also about to start a downward spiral; after a relegation to the third level in 2001 the team returned the following year but, in the following campaign, played to a backdrop of off-field distractions, with the players and staff going unpaid for months – a final ninth place was not enough to prevent another relegation, as the club failed to meet the 31 July deadline to settle all wage debts.

## Infobox (football club)

- **clubname**: SD Compostela
- **fullname**: Sociedad Deportiva Compostela
- **founded**: 1928
- **ground**: Estadio Multiusos de San Lázaro,
Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- **capacity**: 16,666
- **chairman**: Antonio Quinteiro
- **manager**: Yago Iglesias
- **captain**: Álvaro Casas
- **league**: Segunda División B
- **season**: 2019/20
- **position**: Tercera División, 1st
Teleostomi

**Teleostomi** is a grouping of fish in the Gnathostomata ('jawed fish'). It contains the extinct Acanthodii ('spiny sharks'), and the Osteichthyes ('bony fish'). Teleostomi have two adaptations which relate to their respiration: First, they had some kind of operculum (a set of bones which cover the gills). The also developed a primitive lung. As of 2020, there is no agreement, as to the level of the grouping. Some people see it as a clade, others say it is a crown group.
Georgie Glen

**Georgie Glen** (born 20 April 1956) is a versatile Scottish actress, known for her extensive work in British television and film.

One of her most recognised roles is Miss Higgins in the BBC drama _Call the Midwife_, where she portrays a strict but kindhearted receptionist at Nonnatus House. Her character's warmth and wit has endeared her to fans of the show. Glen is also well known for her portrayal of Audrey McFall, the no-nonsense history teacher in the long-running BBC school drama _Waterloo Road_. Additional high-profile roles have included Lady Fermoy in long-running British drama The Crown.

Beyond TV, Georgie Glen has appeared in several high-profile films. She played notable supporting roles in _Shakespeare in Love_ (1998), _Calendar Girls_ (2003), and _Les Misérables_ (2012). Her work in these films demonstrated her skill in bringing depth to smaller roles, contributing significantly to the ensemble casts of major productions.

Throughout her career, Glen has been celebrated for her ability to embody strong, authoritative, yet approachable women, with a flair for both drama and comedy. Though often in supporting roles, her consistency and range have made her a well-respected figure in British acting.

## Infobox (person)

- **name**: Georgie Glen
- **birth place**: Argyll and Bute, Helensburgh, Argyll and Bute, Scotland
- **nationality**: Scottish people, Scottish
- **occupation**: Actress
- **years active**: 1980s–present
- **children**: 2
TeamTO

**TeamTO** is an independent French animation studio that produces TV series and movie projects. It was based in Paris. It has a second production facility in Bourg-les-Valence, with offices in Los Angeles, California, U.S., Beijing, China and London, England, United Kingdom.<sup>[2]</sup> The studio was founded in 2005 by Guillaume Hellouin, Corinne Kouper and Caroline Souris.<sup>[1]</sup>

- 2007: _Zoé Kézako_ (Season 2)
- 2009: _Hareport_
- 2010: _Babar and the Adventures of Badou_ (Season 1-3)
- 2010: _Angelo Rules_ (Season 1-4)<sup>[3]</sup>
- 2010: Oscar's Oasis
- 2011: _Plankton Invasion_
- 2013: _Rabbids Invasion_ (Season 1-3)
- 2016: _Skylanders Academy_ (Season 1–3)<sup>[4]</sup>
- 2016: _My Knight and Me_
- 2018: _PJ Masks_ (Season 2-4)
- 2019: _Mighty Mike_
- 2019: _Ricky Zoom_
- 2014: _SOS Fairy Manu_
- 2016: _Papaya Bull_
- 2019: _Gigablaster_
- 2022: The Creature Cases

## Infobox (company)

- **name**: TeamTO
- **logo**: LOGO-new-TEAMTO-RVB.png
- **logo size**: 175px
- **type**: Private
- **industry**: Animation
- **location city**: Paris
- **location country**: France
- **locations**: Bourg-lès-Valence, France (2015)
Los Angeles, California, U.S. (2011)
Beijing, China (2016)
London, England, United Kingdom (2017)
- **num employees**: 380
- **num employees year**: 2015
- **subsid**: TeamTO USA
TeamTO London
Pampas cat

The **pampas cat** or **gato de las pampas** (_Leopardus pajeros_ or _Leopardus colocolo_) is a small wild cat that lives in the Andes mountain range.  They live in Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay, Brazil, Ecuador, and Colombia.  Some scientists think this cat is really three species, _L. colocolo_, _L. braccatus_, and _L. pajeros_. Other scientists think they are all one species.

This cat lives in many kinds of habitats: cloud forests, swamps, scrublands, and grasslands.

This cat mostly eats small rodents such as guinea pigs and mice, but they also catch birds, for example flamingoes.  Scientists saw pampas cats going to penguin nests to eat eggs and baby penguins.  Farmers say that this cat can kill goats and chickens.

In most of the countries where the pampas cat lives, it is illegal to kill one.  The pampas cat is in danger of dying out because humans are using or want to use the land that it lives on for farms.   Indigenous people of the South America like the pampas cat because it is a sign of fertility and they believe killing a pampas cat brings bad luck.  But the same people also like to have a dead pampas cat's skin or whole body for ceremonies.

This cat's body is 42 to 79 cm long and its tail is another 22 to 33 cm long.  It can weigh 3 to 4 kg.  Its fur is thick and long.  It can be pale yellow to dark gray-brown or dark dull red in color.  It can have stripes or spots or not.  It almost always has rings on its legs and tail.

The first visual recordings of the pampas cat, a movie and photos, were made in 2006.
Tropicbird

**Tropicbirds** are pelagic seabirds that occur in tropical areas and seas of the world. There are three living species. Before they were put in their own group, they were thought to belong to the Pelicanformes (which also contains pelcans, cormorants and gannets).
David Proval

**David Aaron Proval** (born May 20, 1942) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Tony DeVienazo in the Martin Scorsese movie _Mean Streets_ (1973) and as Richie Aprile on the HBO crime drama series _The Sopranos_.

Proval's other movie credits include _The Monster Squad_ (1987), _UHF_ (1989), _Innocent Blood_ (1992), _The Shawshank Redemption_ (1994), _Four Rooms_ (1995), _The Phantom_ (1996), _Mob Queen_ (1998), _The Siege_ (1998), _Bookies_ (2003) and _Balls of Fury_. He has also had roles in television shows such as _Picket Fences_, _Boomtown_, _Everybody Loves Raymond_, _Kojak_, _The Equalizer_, _Miami Vice_, _Friday the 13th: The Series_ and _The West Wing_.

Proval was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He is Jewish.
Brian Tyree Henry

**Brian Tyree Henry** (born March 31, 1982) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Alfred "Paper Boi" Miles in the FX comedy-drama series _Atlanta_. He also appeared as Lemon in the 2022 action-comedy movie _Bullet Train_.

In 2023, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the movie _Causeway_.

## Infobox (person)

- **image**: Brian Tyree Henry by Gage Skidmore.jpg
- **caption**: Henry at the 2019 San Diego Comic-Con
- **birth place**: Fayetteville, North Carolina, U.S.
- **occupation**: Actor
- **yearsactive**: 2007–present
Grosse Ile (Michigan)

**Grosse Ile**  is the largest island in the Detroit River. It is the most populated island in the state of Michigan. It is on the American side of the river and is part of Wayne County.

## Infobox (islands)

- **name**: Grosse Ile
- **image name**: File:Grosse Ile Michigan aerial Jan2016.jpg
- **image caption**: Aerial view of Grosse Ile in January 2016
- **map**: Michigan
- **location**: Detroit River
- **area sqmi**: 9.6
- **elevation ft**: 594
- **country**: United States
- **country admin divisions title**: State
- **country admin divisions**: Michigan
- **country admin divisions title 1**: County
- **country admin divisions 1**: Wayne County, Michigan, Wayne County
- **country admin divisions title 2**: Township
- **country admin divisions 2**: Grosse Ile Township, Michigan, Grosse Ile Township
- **population**: 10,788
- **population as of**: 2020
Clem Eischen

**Clem Eischen** (December 24, 1926 – December 7, 2020) was an American middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 1500 metres at the 1948 Summer Olympics. Eischen was born in Adams County, Nebraska.

Eischen died on December 7, 2020 in Oregon at the age of 93.
Andrzej Tomaszewicz

**Andrzej Tomaszewicz** (11 March 1943 – 11 December 2020) was a Polish historian and politician. He was a member of the Polish Senate from 1989 to 1991. Tomaszewicz was born in Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland. He was a member of the Solidarity Citizens' Committee.

Tomaszewicz died on 11 December 2020 in Sieradz, Poland at the age of 77.
Bill Holm (art historian)

**Bill Holm** (24 March 1925 – 16 December 2020) was an American art historian and author. He was born in Roundup, Montana.

Many of his works focused on Indigenous Northwest Coast art. He was Professor Emeritus of Art History, and Curator Emeritus of Northwest Coast Indian Art at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture. He was a professor at the University of Washington in Seattle.

Holm died on 16 December 2020 at the age of 95.
Trace radioisotope

A **trace radioisotope** is a radioactive isotope of an element which exists naturally in tiny amounts (i.e. traces). Generally speaking, trace radioisotopes have half-lives much shorter than the age of the Earth.

Trace radioisotopes occur in the atmosphere and the crust of the Earth. They are constantly produced by natural processes such as cosmic ray fission: high-energy cosmic ray striking atoms and causing them to split into smaller nuclei).

Another mechanism is neutron capture in uranium ores causing the production of nuclei such as uranium-236 and plutonium-239, which are both radioactive isotopes. Spontaneous fission and alpha decay of heavy nuclei such as thorium and uranium also produce radioisotopes in traces as their intermediate decay products.
Bill Sveinson

**William Martin Sveinson** (July 7, 1946 – December 17, 2020) was a Canadian professional poker player and politician. Sveinson was a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in Saskatchewan from 1982 to 1986. He was a member of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party. Sveinson was born in Wadena, Saskatchewan.

Sveinson died on December 17, 2020 in Edmonton, Alberta at the age of 74.
Roger Berlind

**Roger Stuart Berlind** (June 27, 1930December 18, 2020) was an American theatre producer and businessman. Berlind was born in New York City. He worked for Lehman Brothers. Berlind won fifteen Tony Awards for many of his stage productions. He produced _Amadeus_, _The Book of Mormon_ and _Guys and Dolls_.

Berlind died in New York City on December 18, 2020 of cardiopulmonary arrest at the age of 90.
Two Men in Manhattan

***Two Men in Manhattan*** () is a 1959 French crime movie directed by Jean-Pierre Melville (who also stars) and also starring Pierre Grasset, Christiane Eudes, Monique Hennessy, Glenda Leigh.
River Great Ouse

The **River Great Ouse** () is a river in the England. It is the longest of several British rivers called "Ouse".

From Syresham in central England, the Great Ouse flows into East Anglia. It goes into the Wash, a bay of the North Sea.

Its course is , mostly flowing north and east. It is the fifth longest river in the United Kingdom.  The Great Ouse was important for commercial navigation, and for draining the low-lying region through which it flows.

Its best-known tributary is the Cam, which runs through Cambridge. Its lower course passes through drained wetlands and fens. It has been extensively modified to relieve flooding and provide a better route for barge traffic. It now enters the Wash after passing through the port of King's Lynn.

## Other rivers called the Ouse

River Ouse, Yorkshire
River Ouse, Sussex
River Great Ouse, Northamptonshire and East Anglia
River Little Ouse, a tributary of the River Great Ouse
There are also some rivers in other countries called the Ouse.

## Infobox (river)

- **name**: River Great Ouse
- **image**: DSCN1566-goba-mooring-after-brownshill-staunch 1200x900.jpg
- **image caption**: The River Great Ouse after Brownshill Staunch, near Over, Cambridgeshire, Over in Cambridgeshire
- **map**: River Great Ouse map.png
- **map caption**: Great Ouse catchment
- **subdivision type1**: Country
- **subdivision name1**: United Kingdom
- **subdivision type2**: Constituent country
- **subdivision name2**: England
- **subdivision type4**: Counties
- **subdivision name4**: Northamptonshire, Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk
- **discharge1 location**: Denver Sluice  Catchment area 3430 km2
- **discharge1 avg**: Catchment area 3430 km2
- **source1 location**: Syresham, South Northamptonshire, Northamptonshire, England
- **mouth**: The Wash
- **mouth location**: King's Lynn, United Kingdom