Euptoieta claudia

The **Variegated Fritillary** (***Euptoieta claudia***) is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.  It is native to North America and South America.  The Variegated Fritillary is closely related to butterflies in the genus _Speyeria_.  It has some differences from _Speyeria_ butterflies.  Some of the differences are: Variegated Fritillaries have 2-3 broods per year vs. one per year in _Speyeria_.  They travel more vs. staying in the same place.  And they use a wide range of host plants vs. just violets.  Variegated Fritillaries use passionflowers as a host plant.  Because of this, Variegated Fritillaries have taxonomic links to the heliconians.  Their flight is low and fast, and they are hard to approach.  Its genus name was taken from the Greek word _euptoietos_ meaning "easily scared".

## Description

The upper side of the wings is orange and black.  The fore wing and hind wing have a row of submarginal black spots and black median lines running across the wings.  (Submarginal means just inward of the wing edge.  Median means through the center of the wing.)  The underside of the fore wing is orange.  The hind wing is mottled with browns and grays.  There is a pale postmedian band (postmedian means just outward of the median).  There is no silvering.  The wingspan is 1.75-2.25 inches.

## Similar species

There is a butterfly similar to the Variegated Fritillary.  It is the Mexican Fritillary (_Euptoieta hegesia_).  The Mexican Fritillary is brighter orange.  The upper side of its hind wing has more orange.  The underside of its wings is plainer, with no submarginal spots or median black lines.

## Flight period

This species may be seen flying from April-October in the south.  It flies in the north from summer to early fall.

## Habitat

This butterfly is found in different kinds of habitats.  It can by found in clover fields, alfalfa fields, fields, pastures, waste areas, roadsides, and mountain meadows.

## Nectar plants

The Variegated Fritillary has been seen on different kinds of flowers.  Here is a list of them:

- _Apocynum_ sp. - dogbane
- _Asclepias syriaca_ - Common Milkweed
- _Aster_ sp. - asters
- _Bidens aristosa_ - Bearded Beggerticks
- _Cirsium_ sp. - thistles
- _Echinacea_ sp. - coneflowers
- _Erigeron_ sp. - fleabane
- _Eupatorium perfoliatum_ - Common Boneset
- _Medicago sativa_ - Alfalfa
- _Trifolium pratense_ - Red Clover
- _Vernonia_ sp. - ironweed

## Life cycle

Females lay their eggs singly on the host plant's leaves and stems.  The eggs are pale green or cream colored.  The caterpillar eats the leaves, flowers, and stems of the food plant.  The caterpillar is red with black stripes.  There are white spots in the black stripes.  In many individuals, the white is more noticeable than the black.  It has six rows of black spines.  It has a pair of long, clubbed spines on the head.  The chrysalis is shiny white with small black spots.  It has a variable amount of brown markings and has orange and gold projections.  Adults overwinter in the south and fly north each spring and summer.  It has 2-3 broods per year.

## Host plants

Here is a list of host plants that the Variegated Fritillary caterpillar eats:

- _Boerhaavia intermedia_ - Five-wing Spiderling
- _Cynanchum arizonicum_ - Arizona Swallow-wort
- _Hybanthus verticillatus_ - Babyslippers
- _Linum australe_ - Southern Flax
- _Linum rigidum_ - Stiffstem Flax
- _Linum sulcatum_ - Grooved Yellow Flax
- _Menispermum canadense_ - Canadian Moonseed
- _Menispermum mexicanum_ - Mexican Moonseed
- _Passiflora caerulea_ - Blue Passionflower
- _Passiflora foetida_ - Foetid Passionflower
- _Passiflora incarnate_ - Purple Passionflower
- _Plantago_ sp. - plantain
- _Podophyllum peltatum_ - Mayapple
- _Portulaca oleracea_ - Common Purslane
- _Turnera ulmifolia_ - Yellow Alder
- _Sedum lanceolatum_ - Lance-leaf Stonecrop
- _Viola bicolor_ - American Field Pansy
- _Viola sororia_ - Common Blue Violet
- _Viola tricolor_ ssp. - Heartsease